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*The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary*
Copyright (C) 1996 by MICRA, Inc.  Plainfield, N.J.





*The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary*





<hr>
<page="1">
Page 1<p>

<centered><point26>A.</point26></centered>

<h1>A</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A</hw> <tt>(<it>named \'be in the English, and most commonly \'84 in other languages</it>)</tt>. <def> The first letter of the English and of many other alphabets. The capital A of the alphabets of Middle and Western Europe, as also the small letter (a), besides the forms in Italic, black letter, etc., are all descended from the old Latin A, which was borrowed from the Greek <spn>Alpha</spn>, of the same form; and this was made from the first letter (<i>Aleph</i>, and itself from the Egyptian origin. The <i>Aleph</i> was a consonant letter, with a guttural breath sound that was not an element of Greek articulation; and the Greeks took it to represent their vowel <i>Alpha</i> with the \'84 sound, the Ph\'d2nician alphabet having no vowel symbols.</def>

This letter, in English, is used for several different vowel sounds. See <i>Guide to pronunciation</i>, §§ 43-74. The regular long <i>a</i>, as in <i>fate</i>, etc., is a comparatively modern sound, and has taken the place of what, till about the early part of the 17th century, was a sound of the quality of \'84 (as in <i>far</i>).

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The name of the sixth tone in the model major scale (that in C), or the first tone of the minor scale, which is named after it the scale in A minor. The second string of the violin is tuned to the A in the treble staff. -- A sharp (A#) is the name of a musical tone intermediate between A and B. -- A flat (A&flat;) is the name of a tone intermediate between A and G.</def>

<cs><col>A per se</col> <ety>(L. <ets>per se<ets> by itself)</ety>, <cd>one pre\'89minent; a nonesuch.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>

<blockquote>O fair Creseide, the flower and <b>A per se</b>

Of Troy and Greece.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>A</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A</hw> <tt>(# <i>emph</i>. #)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <ety>[Shortened form of <ets>an</ets>. AS. \'ben one. See <er>One</er>.]</ety> <def>An adjective, commonly called the indefinite article, and signifying <i>one</i> or <i>any</i>, but less emphatically.<def>  "At <i>a</i> birth";  "In <i>a</i> word"; "At <i>a</i> blow". <i>Shak</i>. <note>It is placed before nouns of the singular number denoting an individual object, or a quality individualized, before collective nouns, and also before plural nouns when the adjective <i>few</i> or the phrase <i>great many</i> or <i>good many</i> is interposed; <as>as, <ex>a</ex> dog, <ex>a</ex> house, <ex>a</ex> man; <ex>a</ex> color; <ex>a</ex> sweetness; <ex>a</ex> hundred, <ex>a</ex> fleet, a regiment; <ex>a</ex> few persons, <ex>a</ex> great many days.</as>  It is used for <i>an</i>, for the sake of euphony, before words beginning with a consonant sound [for exception of certain words beginning with <i>h</i>, see <er>An</er>]; <as>as, a table, <ex>a woman</ex>, <ex>a</ex> year, <ex>a</ex> unit, <ex>a</ex> eulogy, <ex>a</ex> ewe, <ex>a</ex> oneness, such <ex>a</ex> one, etc.</as>  Formally <i>an</i> was used both before vowels and consonants.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Originally the preposition <ets>a</ets> (<ets>an</ets>, <ets>on</ets>).]</ety> <def>In each; to or for each; <as>as, "twenty leagues <ex>a</ex> day", "a hundred pounds <ex>a</ex> year", "a dollar <ex>a</ex> yard", etc.</as></def>

<h1>A</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[Abbreviated form of <ets>an</ets> (AS. <ets>on</ets>). See <er>On</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In; on; at; by.</def>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>A</i> God's name."  "Torn <i>a</i> pieces." "Stand <i>a</i> tiptoe." "<i>A</i> Sundays" <i>Shak</i>. "Wit that men have now <i>a</i> days." <i>Chaucer</i>. "Set them <i>a</i> work." <i>Robynson (More's Utopia)</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In process of; in the act of; into; to; -- used with verbal substantives in <i>-ing</i> which begin with a consonant. This is a shortened form of the preposition <i>an</i> (which was used before the vowel sound); as in <i>a</i> hunting, <i>a</i> building, <i>a</i> begging. "Jacob, when he was <i>a</i> dying" <i>Heb. xi. 21</i>.  "We'll <i>a</i> birding together." " It was <i>a</i> doing." <i>Shak.</i>  "He burst out <i>a</i> laughing." <i>Macaulay</i>.  The hyphen may be used to connect <i>a</i> with the verbal substantive (as, <i>a</i>-hunting, <i>a</i>-building) or the words may be written separately. This form of expression is now for the most part obsolete, the <i>a</i> being omitted and the verbal substantive treated as a participle.</def>

<h1>A</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A</hw>. <ety>[From AS. <ets>of</ets> off, from. See <er>Of</er>.]</ety> <def>Of.</def>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The name of John <i>a</i> Gaunt."  "What time <i>a</i> day is it ?" <i>Shak</i>. "It's six <i>a</i> clock." <i>B. Jonson</i>.

<h1>A</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A</hw>. <def> A barbarous corruption of <i>have</i>, of <i>he</i>, and sometimes of <i>it</i> and of <i>they</i>.</def>  "So would I <i>a</i> done" "<i>A</i> brushes his hat."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>A</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A</hw>. <def> An expletive, void of sense, to fill up the meter</def>

<blockquote>A merry heart goes all the day,
Your sad tires in a mile-<b>a</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>A-.</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A-.</hw> <def>A, as a prefix to English words, is derived from various sources. (1) It frequently signifies <i>on</i> or <i>in</i> (from <i>an</i>, <i>a</i> forms of AS. <i>on</i>), denoting a state, as in <i>a</i>foot, on foot, <i>a</i>bed, <i>a</i>miss, <i>a</i>sleep, aground, <i>a</i>loft, <i>a</i>way (AS. <i>onweg</i>), and analogically, <i>a</i>blaze, <i>a</i>tremble, etc. (2) AS. <i>of</i> off, from, as in <i>a</i>down (AS. <i>ofd\'81ne</i> off the <i>dun</i> or hill). (3) AS. \'be- (Goth. <i>us-</i>, <i>ur-</i>, Ger. <i>er-</i>), usually giving an intensive force, and sometimes the sense of <i>away</i>, <i>on</i>, <i>back</i>, as in <i>a</i>rise, <i>a</i>bide, <i>a</i>go. (4) Old English <i>y-</i> or <i>i-</i> (corrupted from the AS. inseparable particle <i>ge-</i>, cognate with OHG. <i>ga-</i>, <i>gi-</i>, Goth. <i>ga-</i>), which, as a prefix, made no essential addition to the meaning, as in aware. (5) French <i>\'85</i> (L. <i>ad</i> to), as in <i>a</i>base, <i>a</i>chieve. (6) L. <i>a</i>, <i>ab</i>, <i>abs</i>, from, as in <i>a</i>vert. (7) Greek insep. prefix &alpha; without, or privative, not, as in <i>a</i>byss, <i>a</i>theist; akin to E. <i>un-</i>.</def>

<note>Besides these, there are other sources from which the prefix <i>a</i> takes its origin.</note>

<h1>A 1</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A 1</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A registry mark given by underwriters (as at Lloyd's) to ships in first-class condition. Inferior grades are indicated by A 2 and A 3.</def>

<note>A 1 is also applied colloquially to other things to imply superiority; prime; first-class; first-rate.</note>

<h1>Aam</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Aam</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>aam</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>ama</ets>; cf. L. <ets>hama</ets> a water bucket, Gr. <?/]</ety> <def>A Dutch and German measure of liquids, varying in different cities, being at Amsterdam about 41 wine gallons, at Antwerp 36\'ab, at Hamburg 38\'ac.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Aum</asp> and <asp>Awm</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Aard-vark</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Aard"-vark`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D., earth-pig.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An edentate mammal, of the genus <spn>Orycteropus</spn>, somewhat resembling a pig, common in some parts of Southern Africa. It burrows in the ground, and feeds entirely on ants, which it catches with its long, slimy tongue.</def>

<h1>Aard-wolf</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Aard"-wolf`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D, earth-wolf]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carnivorous quadruped (<spn>Proteles Lalandii</spn>), of South Africa, resembling the fox and hyena. See <er>Proteles</er>.</def>

<h1>Aaronic, Aaronical</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw><hw>Aa*ron"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Aa*ron"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Aaron, the first high priest of the Jews.</def>

<h1>Aaron's rod</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Aar"on's rod`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[See Exodus vii. 9 and Numbers xvii. 8]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A rod with one serpent twined around it, thus differing from the caduceus of Mercury, which has two.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant with a tall flowering stem; esp. the great mullein, or hag-taper, and the golden-rod.</def>

<h1>Ab-</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Ab-</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Latin prep., etymologically the same as E. <ets>of</ets>, <ets>off</ets>. See <er>Of</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix in many words of Latin origin. It signifies <i>from</i>, <i>away</i> , <i>separating</i>, or <i>departure</i>, as in <i>ab</i>duct, <i>abs</i>tract, <i>abs</i>cond. See <er>A-</er>(6).</def>

<h1>Ab</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Ab</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Syriac origin.]</ety> <def>The fifth month of the Jewish year according to the ecclesiastical reckoning, the eleventh by the civil computation, coinciding nearly with August.</def>

<i>W. Smith.</i>

<h1>Abaca</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Ab"a*ca</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The native name.]</ety> <def>The Manila-hemp plant (<spn>Musa textilis</spn>); also, its fiber. See <cref>Manila hemp</cref> under <er>Manila</er>.</def>

<h1>Abacinate</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A*bac"i*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>abacinatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>abacinare</ets>; <ets>ab</ets> off + <ets>bacinus</ets> a basin.]</ety> <def>To blind by a red-hot metal plate held before the eyes.</def>  <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Abacination</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A*bac`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of abacinating.</def>  <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Abaciscus</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Ab`a*cis"cus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/, dim of <?/. See <er>Abacus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One of the tiles or squares of a tessellated pavement; an abaculus.</def>

<h1>Abacist</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Ab"a*cist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL <ets>abacista</ets>, fr. <ets>abacus</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who uses an abacus in casting accounts; a calculator.</def>

<h1>Aback</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A*back"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>back</ets>; AS. <ets>on b\'91c</ets> at, on, or toward the back. See <er>Back</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Toward the back or rear; backward.</def> "Therewith aback she started."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Behind; in the rear.</def>

<i>Knolles. </i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Backward against the mast;-said of the sails when pressed by the wind.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<cs><col>To be taken aback</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be driven backward against the mast; -- said of the sails, also of the ship when the sails are thus driven. <sd>(b)</sd> To be suddenly checked, baffled, or discomfited.</cd></cs>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Aback</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Ab"ack</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An abacus.</def>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Abactinal</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Ab*ac"ti*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab</ets> + E. <ets>actinal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the surface or end opposite to the mouth in a radiate animal; -- opposed to actinal.</def> "The aboral or <i>abactinal</i> area."

<i>L. Agassiz.</i>

<h1>Abaction</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Ab*ac"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Stealing cattle on a large scale.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abactor</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ac"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>abigere</ets> to drive away; <ets>ab+agere</ets> to drive.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who steals and drives away cattle or beasts by herds or droves.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abaculus</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A*bac"u*lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abaculi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>abacus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small tile of glass, marble, or other substance, of various colors, used in making ornamental patterns in mosaic pavements.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Abacus</h1>
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<hw>Ab"a*cus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>>; E. <plu>pl. <plw>Abacuses</plw> ; L. pl. <plw>Abaci</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>abacus</ets>, <ets>abax</ets>, Gr. <?/]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A table or tray strewn with sand, anciently used for drawing, calculating, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A calculating table or frame; an instrument for performing arithmetical calculations by balls sliding on wires, or counters in grooves, the lowest line representing units, the second line, tens, etc. It is still employed in China.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The uppermost member or division of the capital of a column, immediately under the architrave. See <er>Column</er>.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tablet, panel, or compartment in ornamented or mosaic work.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A board, tray, or table, divided into perforated compartments, for holding cups, bottles, or the like; a kind of cupboard, buffet, or sideboard.</def>

<cs><col>Abacus harmonicus</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>an ancient diagram showing the structure and disposition of the keys of an instrument.</cd></cs>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Abada</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>Ab"a*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg., the female rhinoceros.]</ety> <def>The rhinoceros.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Purchas.</i>

<h1>Abaddon</h1>
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<hw>A*bad"don</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>\'bebadd\'d3n</ets> destruction, abyss, fr. <ets>\'bebad</ets> to be lost, to perish.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The destroyer, or angel of the bottomless pit; -- the same as Apollyon and Asmodeus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hell; the bottomless pit.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>In all her gates, <b>Abaddon</b> rues
Thy bold attempt.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abaft</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A*baft"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a</ets>-on + OE. <ets>baft</ets>, <ets>baften</ets>, <ets>biaften</ets>, AS. <ets>be\'91ftan</ets>; <ets>be</ets> by + <ets>\'91ftan</ets> behind. See <er>After</er>, <er>Aft</er>, <er>By</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Behind; toward the stern from; <as>as, <ex>abaft</ex> the wheelhouse</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Abaft the beam</col>. <cd>See under <er>Beam</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Abaft</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A*baft"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Toward the stern; aft; <as>as, to go <ex>abaft</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Abaisance</h1>
<Xpage=1>

<hw>A*bai"sance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>obeisance</ets>; confused with F. <ets>abaisser</ets>, E. abase]</ety> <def>Obeisance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jonson.</i>

<h1>Abaiser</h1>
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<hw>A*bai"ser</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ivory black or animal charcoal.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<hr>
<page="2">
Page 2<p>

<h1>Abaist</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*baist"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p.p.</tt> <def>Abashed; confounded; discomfited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Abalienate</h1>
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<hw>Ab*al"ien*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abalienatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>abalienare</ets>; <ets>ab + alienus</ets> foreign, alien. See <er>Alien</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>To transfer the title of from one to another; to alienate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To estrange; to withdraw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause alienation of (mind).</def>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Abalienation</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>Ab*al`ien*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abalienatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abalianation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of abalienating; alienation; estrangement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abalone</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>Ab`a*lo"ne</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A univalve mollusk of the genus <spn>Haliotis</spn>. The shell is lined with mother-of-pearl, and used for ornamental purposes; the sea-ear. Several large species are found on the coast of California, clinging closely to the rocks.</def>

<h1>Aband</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*band"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <ety>[Contracted from <ets>abandon</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To abandon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote> Enforced the kingdom to <b>aband</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To banish; to expel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mir. for Mag.</i>

<h1>Abandon</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*ban"don</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abandoned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Abandoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>abandoner</ets>, F.<ets>abandonner</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>)+<ets>bandon</ets> permission, authority, LL. <ets>bandum</ets>, <ets>bannum</ets>, public proclamation, interdiction, <ets>bannire</ets> to proclaim, summon: of Germanic origin; cf. Goth. <ets>bandwjan</ets> to show by signs, to designate OHG. <ets>ban</ets>proclamation. The word meant to proclaim, put under a ban, put under control; hence, as in OE., to compel, subject, or to leave in the control of another, and hence, to give up. See <er>Ban</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cast or drive out; to banish; to expel; to reject.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That he might . . . <b>abandon</b> them from him.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Being all this time <b>abandoned</b> from your bed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give up absolutely; to forsake entirely ; to renounce utterly; to relinquish all connection with or concern on; to desert, as a person to whom one owes allegiance or fidelity; to quit; to surrender.</def>

<blockquote>Hope was overthrown, yet could not be <b>abandoned</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Reflexively : To give (one's self) up without attempt at self-control ; to yield (one's self) unrestrainedly ; -- often in a bad sense.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>abandoned</b> himself . . . to his favorite vice.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mar. Law)</fld> <def>To relinquish all claim to; -- used when an insured person gives up to underwriters all claim to the property covered by a policy, which may remain after loss or damage by a peril insured against.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To give up; yield; forego; cede; surrender; resign; abdicate; quit; relinquish; renounce; desert; forsake; leave; retire; withdraw from.</syn> -- <usage><er>To Abandon</er>, <er>Desert</er>, <er>Forsake</er>. These words agree in representing a person as <i>giving up</i> or <i>leaving</i> some object, but differ as to the mode of doing it. The distinctive sense of abandon is that of giving up a thing absolutely and finally; as, to abandon one's friends, places, opinions, good or evil habits, a hopeless enterprise, a shipwrecked vessel. <i>Abandon</i> is more widely applicable than <i>forsake</i> or <i>desert</i>. The Latin original of <i>desert</i> appears to have been originally applied to the case of deserters from military service. Hence, the verb, when used of <i>persons</i> in the active voice, has usually or always a bad sense, implying some breach of fidelity, honor, etc., the leaving of something which the person should rightfully stand by and support; as, to <i>desert</i> one's colors, to <i>desert</i> one's post, to <i>desert</i> one's principles or duty. When used in the passive, the sense is not necessarily bad; as, the fields were <i>deserted</i>, a <i>deserted</i> village, <i>deserted</i> halls. <i>Forsake</i> implies the breaking off of previous habit, association, personal connection, or that the thing left had been familiar or frequented; as, to forsake old friends, to <i>forsake</i> the paths of rectitude, the blood forsook his cheeks. It may be used either in a good or in a bad sense.</usage>

<h1>Abandon</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*ban"don</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abandon</ets>. fr. <ets>abandonner</ets>. See <er>Abandon</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>Abandonment; relinquishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abandon</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A`ban`don"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Abandon</er>.]</ety> <def>A complete giving up to natural impulses; freedom from artificial constraint; careless freedom or ease.</def>

<h1>Abandoned</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*ban"doned</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Forsaken, deserted.</def> "Your <i>abandoned</i> streams."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Self-abandoned, or given up to vice; extremely wicked, or sinning without restraint; irreclaimably wicked ; <as>as, an <ex>abandoned</ex> villain</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Profligate; dissolute; corrupt; vicious; depraved; reprobate; wicked; unprincipled; graceless; vile.</syn> -- <usage><er>Abandoned</er>, <er>Profligate</er>, <er>Reprobate</er>. These adjectives agree in expressing the idea of great personal depravity. <er>Profligate</er> has reference to open and shameless immoralities, either in private life or political conduct; as, a <er>profligate</er> court, a <er>profligate</er> ministry. <er>Abandoned</er> is stronger, and has reference to the searing of conscience and hardening of heart produced by a man's giving himself wholly up to iniquity; as, a man of <er>abandoned</er> character. <er>Reprobate</er> describes the condition of one who has become insensible to reproof, and who is morally abandoned and lost beyond hope of recovery.</usage>

<blockquote> God gave them over to a <b>reprobate</b> mind.
<i>Rom. i. 28.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abandonedly</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*ban"doned*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Unrestrainedly.</def>

<h1>Abandonee</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*ban`don*ee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One to whom anything is legally abandoned.</def>

<h1>Abandoner</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*ban"don*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abandons.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Abandonment</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*ban"don*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abandonnement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of abandoning, or the state of being abandoned; total desertion; relinquishment.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>abandonment</b> of the independence of Europe.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mar. Law)</fld> <def>The relinquishment by the insured to the underwriters of what may remain of the property insured after a loss or damage by a peril insured against.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Com. Law)</fld> <def>(a) The relinquishment of a right, claim, or privilege, as to mill site, etc. (b) The voluntary leaving of a person to whom one is bound by a special relation, as a wife, husband, or child; desertion.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Careless freedom or ease; abandon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Abandum</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*ban"*dum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. See <er>Abandon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Anything forfeited or confiscated.</def>

<h1>Abanet</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>Ab"a*net</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Abnet</er>.</def>

<h1>Abanga</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*ban"ga</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Name given by the negroes in the island of St. Thomas.]</ety> <def>A West Indian palm; also the fruit of this palm, the seeds of which are used as a remedy for diseases of the chest.</def>

<h1>Abannation, Abannition</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw><hw>Ab`an*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ab`an*nition</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>abannatio</ets>; <ets>ad</ets> + LL. bannire to banish.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>Banishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Abarticulation</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>Ab`ar*tic`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab</ets> + E. <ets>articulation</ets> : cf. F. abarticulation. See <er>Article</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Articulation, usually that kind of articulation which admits of free motion in the joint; diarthrosis.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Abase</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*base"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.&p.p.</tt> <er>Abased</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. abaisser, LL. <ets>abassare</ets>, <ets>abbassare</ets> ; <ets>ad + bassare</ets>, fr. <ets>bassus</ets> low. See <er>Base</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lower or depress; to throw or cast down; <as>as, to <ex>abase</ex> the eye</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Saying so, he <b>abased</b> his lance.
<i>Shelton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cast down or reduce low or lower, as in rank, office, condition in life, or estimation of worthiness; to depress; to humble; to degrade.</def>

<blockquote>Whosoever exalteth himself shall be <b>abased</b>.
<i>Luke xiv. ll.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Abase</er>, <er>Debase</er>, <er>Degrade</er>. These words agree in the idea of bringing down from a higher to a lower state. <i>Abase</i> has reference to a bringing down in condition or feelings; as to <i>abase</i> one's self before God. <i>Debase</i> has reference to the bringing down of a thing in purity, or <i>making it base</i>. It is, therefore, always used in a bad sense, as, to <i>debase</i> the coin of the kingdom, to <i>debase</i> the mind by vicious indulgence, to <i>debase</i> one's style by coarse or vulgar expressions. <i>Degrade</i> has reference to a bringing down from some higher <i>grade</i> or from some standard. Thus, a priest is <i>degraded</i> from the clerical office. When used in a moral sense, it denotes a bringing down in character and just estimation; as, <i>degraded</i> by intemperance, a <i>degrading</i> employment, etc. "Art is <i>degraded</i> when it is regarded only as a trade."</syn>

<h1>Abased</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*based"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lowered; humbled.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <ety>[F. <ets>abaiss\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Borne lower than usual, as a fess; also, having the ends of the wings turned downward towards the point of the shield.</def>

<h1>Abasedly</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*bas"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Abjectly; downcastly.</def>

<h1>Abasement</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*base"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abaissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of abasing, humbling, or bringing low; the state of being abased or humbled; humiliation.</def>

<h1>Abaser</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*bas"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>He who, or that which, abases.</def>

<h1>Abash</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*bash"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abashed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>abaissen</ets>, <ets>abaisshen</ets>, <ets>abashen</ets>, OF.<ets>esbahir</ets>, F. <ets>\'82bahir</ets>, to astonish, fr. L. <ets>ex</ets> + the interjection <ets>bah</ets>, expressing astonishment. In OE. somewhat confused with <ets>abase</ets>. Cf. <er>Finish</er>.]</ety> <def>To destroy the self-possession of; to confuse or confound, as by exciting suddenly a consciousness of guilt, mistake, or inferiority; to put to shame; to disconcert; to discomfit.</def>

<blockquote><b>Abashed</b>, the devil stood,
And felt how awful goodness is.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He was a man whom no check could <b>abash</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To confuse; confound; disconcert; shame.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Abash</er>, Confuse, <er>Confound</er>. <i>Abash</i> is a stronger word than <i>confuse</i>, but not so strong as <i>confound</i>. We are <i>abashed</i> when struck either with sudden shame or with a humbling sense of inferiority; as, Peter was <i>abashed</i> in the presence of those who are greatly his superiors. We are confused when, from some unexpected or startling occurrence, we lose clearness of thought and self-possession. Thus, a witness is often confused by a severe cross-examination; a timid person is apt to be confused in entering a room full of strangers. We are <i>confounded</i> when our minds are overwhelmed, as it were, by something wholly unexpected, amazing, dreadful, etc., so that we have nothing to say. Thus, a criminal is usually <i>confounded</i> at the discovery of his guilt.</usage>

<blockquote>Satan stood
Awhile as mute, <b>confounded</b> what to say.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abashedly</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*bash"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abashed manner.</def>

<h1>Abashment</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*bash"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82bahissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being abashed; confusion from shame.</def>

<h1>Abassi, Abassis</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw><hw>A*bas"si</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*bas"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar.& Per. <ets>ab\'bes\'c6</ets>, belonging to Abas (a king of Persia).]</ety> <def>A silver coin of Persia, worth about twenty cents.</def>

<h1>Abatable</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*bat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being abated; <as>as, an <ex>abatable</ex> writ or nuisance</as>.</def>

<h1>Abate</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*bate"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.& p.p.</tt> <er>Abated</er>, <tt>p.pr. & vb.n</tt>. <er>Abating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>abatre</ets> to beat down, F. <ets>abattre</ets>, LL. <ets>abatere</ets>; <ets>ab</ets> or <ets>ad + batere</ets>, <ets>battere</ets> (popular form for L. <ets>batuere</ets> to beat). Cf. <er>Bate</er>, <er>Batter</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat down; to overthrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The King of Scots . . . sore <b>abated</b> the walls.
<i>Edw. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring down or reduce from a higher to a lower state, number, or degree; to lessen; to diminish; to contract; to moderate; toto cut short; <as>as, to <ex>abate</ex> a demand; to <ex>abate</ex> pride, zeal, hope.</as></def>

<blockquote>His eye was not dim, nor his natural force <b>abated</b>.
<i>Deut. xxxiv. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deduct; to omit; <as>as, to <ex>abate</ex> something from a price</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Nine thousand parishes, <b>abating</b> the odd hundreds.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To blunt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>abate</b> the edge of envy.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To reduce in estimation; to deprive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She hath <b>abated</b> me of half my train.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>(a) To bring entirely down or put an end to; to do away with; <as>as, to <ex>abate</ex> a nuisance, to <ex>abate</ex> a writ</as>. (b) <fld>(Eng.</fld> <i>Law</i>) To diminish; to reduce. Legacies are liable to be <i>abated</i> entirely or in proportion, upon a deficiency of assets.</def>

<cs><col>To abate a tax</col>, <cd>to remit it either wholly or in part.</cd></cs>

<h1>Abate</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*bate"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Abate</er>, <ets>v</ets>.<ets>t</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To decrease, or become less in strength or violence; <as>as, pain <ex>abates</ex>, a storm <ex>abates</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The fury of Glengarry . . . rapidly <b>abated</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be defeated, or come to naught; to fall through; to fail; <as>as, a writ <ex>abates</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To abate into a freehold</col>, <col>To abate in lands</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to enter into a freehold after the death of the last possessor, and before the heir takes possession. See <er>Abatement</er>, 4.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To subside; decrease; intermit; decline; diminish; lessen.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Abate</er>, <er>Subside</er>. These words, as here compared, imply a coming down from some previously raised or exited state. <i>Abate</i> expresses this in respect to degrees, and implies a diminution of force or of intensity; as, the storm <i>abates</i>, the cold <i>abates</i>, the force of the wind <i>abates</i>; or, the wind <i>abates</i>, a fever <i>abates</i>. Subside (to settle down) has reference to a previous state of agitation or commotion; as, the waves <i>subside</i> after a storm, the wind subsides into a calm. When the words are used figuratively, the same distinction should be observed. If we conceive of a thing as having different degrees of intensity or strength, the word to be used is abate. Thus we say, a man's anger <i>abates</i>, the ardor of one's love abates, "Winter rage <i>abates</i>". But if the image be that of a sinking down into quiet from preceding excitement or commotion, the word to be used is <i>subside</i>; as, the tumult of the people <i>subsides</i>, the public mind <i>subsided</i> into a calm. The same is the case with those emotions which are tumultuous in their nature; as, his passion <i>subsides</i>, his joy quickly <i>subsided</i>, his grief <i>subsided</i> into a pleasing melancholy. Yet if, in such cases, we were thinking of the degree of violence of the emotion, we might use <i>abate</i>; as, his joy will <i>abate</i> in the progress of time; and so in other instances.</usage>

<h1>Abate</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*bate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abatement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Abatement</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*bate"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>abatement</ets>, F. <ets>abattement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of abating, or the state of being abated; a lessening, diminution, or reduction; removal or putting an end to; <as>as, the <ex>abatement</ex> of a nuisance is the suppression thereof</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The amount abated; that which is taken away by way of reduction; deduction; decrease; a rebate or discount allowed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A mark of dishonor on an escutcheon.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The entry of a stranger, without right, into a freehold after the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Defense in abatement</col>, <col>Plea in abatement</col></mcol>, <fld>(Law)</fld>, <col>plea to the effect that from some formal defect (e.g. misnomer, want of jurisdiction) the proceedings should be abated.</cd></cs>

<h1>Abater</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*bat"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, abates.</def>

<h1>Abatis, Abattis</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw><hw>Ab"a*tis</hw>, <hw>Aba"t*tis</hw>,<hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abatis</ets>, <ets>abattis</ets>, mass of things beaten or cut down, fr. <ets>abattre</ets>. See <er>Abate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A means of defense formed by felled trees, the ends of whose branches are sharpened and directed outwards, or against the enemy.</def>

<h1>Abatised</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>Ab"a*tised</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Provided with an abatis.</def>

<h1>Abator</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A*ba"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>(a) One who abates a nuisance. (b) A person who, without right, enters into a freehold on the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Abattoir</h1>
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<hw>A`bat`toir"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abattoirs</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F., fr. <ets>abattre</ets> to beat down. See <er>Abate</er>.]</ety> <def>A public slaughterhouse for cattle, sheep, etc.</def>

<h1>Abature</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>Ab"a*ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abatture</ets>, fr. <ets>abattre</ets>. See <er>Abate</er>.]</ety> <def>Grass and sprigs beaten or trampled down by a stag passing through them.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Abatvoix</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>A`bat`voix"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abattre</ets> to beat down + <ets>voix</ets> voice.]</ety> <def>The sounding-board over a pulpit or rostrum.</def>

<h1>Abawed</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>Ab*awed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p.p.</tt> <ety>[Perh. p.p. of a verb fr. OF. <ets>abaubir</ets> to frighten, disconcert, fr. L. <ets>ad + balbus</ets> stammering.]</ety> <def>Astonished; abashed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Abaxial, Abaxile</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw><hw>Ab*ax"i*al</hw> (#), <hw>Ab*ax"ile</hw> (#),<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab</ets> + <ets>axis</ets> axle.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Away from the axis or central line; eccentric</def>.

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Abay</h1>
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<hw>A*bay"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>abay</ets> barking.]</ety> <def>Barking; baying of dogs upon their prey. See <er>Bay</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abb</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>Abb</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'beweb</ets>, <ets>\'beb</ets>; pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>web</ets>. See <er>Web</er>.]</ety> <def>Among weaves, yarn for the warp. Hence, <i>abb wool</i> is wool for the <i>abb</i>.</def>

<h1>Abba</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ba</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Syriac <ets>abb\'be</ets> father. See <er>Abbot</er>.]</ety> <def>Father; religious superior; -- in the Syriac, Coptic, and Ethiopic churches, a title given to the bishops, and by the bishops to the patriarch.</def>

<h1>Abbacy</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ba*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abbacies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>abbatia</ets>, fr. <ets>abbas</ets>, <ets>abbatis</ets>, abbot. See <er>Abbey</er>.]</ety> <def>The dignity, estate, or jurisdiction of an abbot.</def>

<h1>Abbatial</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>Ab*ba"tial</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>abbatialis</ets> : cf. F. <ets>abbatial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to an abbey; <as>as, <ex>abbatial</ex> rights</as>.</def>

<h1>Abbatical</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>Ab*bat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abbatial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abb\'82</h1>
<Xpage=2>

<hw>Ab"b\'82`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[F. <ets>abb\'82</ets>. See <er>Abbot</er>.]</ety> <def>The French word answering to the English <i>abbot</i>, the head of an abbey; but commonly a title of respect given in France to every one vested with the ecclesiastical habit or dress.</def>

<note>\'b5 After the 16th century, the name was given, in social parlance, to candidates for some priory or abbey in the gift of the crown. Many of these aspirants became well known in literary and fashionable life. By further extension, the name came to be applied to unbeneficed secular ecclesiastics generally.</note>

<i>Littr\'82.</i>

<h1>Abbess</h1>
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<hw>Ab"bess</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.<ets>abaesse</ets>, <ets>abeesse</ets>, F. <ets>abbesse</ets>, L. <ets>abbatissa</ets>, fem. of <ets>abbas</ets>, <ets>abbatis</ets>, abbot. See <er>Abbot</er>.]</ety> <def>A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the nuns which the abbots have over the monks. See <er>Abbey</er>.</def>

<h1>Abbey</h1>
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<hw>Ab"bey</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abbeys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OF. <ets>aba\'8be</ets>, F. <ets>abbaye</ets>, L. <ets>abbatia</ets>, fr. abbas abbot. See <er>Abbot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A monastery or society of persons of either sex, secluded from the world and devoted to religion and celibacy; also, the monastic building or buildings.</def>

<note>&hand; The men are called <it>monks</it>, and governed by an abbot; the women are called <i>nuns</i>, and governed by an abbess.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The church of a monastery.</def>

<hr>
<page="3">
Page 3<p>

<note>In London, <i>the Abbey</i> means Westminster Abbey, and in Scotland, the precincts of the Abbey of Holyrood. The name is also retained for a private residence on the site of an abbey; as, Newstead <i>Abbey</i>, the residence of Lord Byron.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Monastery; convent; nunnery; priory; cloister. See <er>Cloister</er>.</syn>

<h1>Abbot</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab"bot</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>abbod</ets>, <ets>abbad</ets>, L. <ets>abbas</ets>, <ets>abbatis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. Syriac <ets>abb\'be</ets> father. Cf. <er>Abba</er>, <er>Abb\'90</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The superior or head of an abbey.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of a class of bishops whose sees were formerly abbeys.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<cs><col>Abbot of the people</col>. <cd>a title formerly given to one of the chief magistrates in Genoa.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Abbot of Misrule</col> (or <col>Lord of Misrule</col>)</mcol>, <cd>in medi\'91val times, the master of revels, as at Christmas; in Scotland called the <er>Abbot of Unreason</er>.</cd></cs>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Abbotship</h1>
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<hw>Ab"bot*ship</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Abbot</ets> + <ets>-ship</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or office of an abbot.</def>

<h1>Abbreviate</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab*bre"vi*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abbreviated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Abbreviating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abbreviatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>abbreviare</ets>; <ets>ad + breviare</ets> to shorten, fr. <ets>brevis</ets> short. See <er>Abridge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make briefer; to shorten; to abridge; to reduce by contraction or omission, especially of words written or spoken.</def>

<blockquote>It is one thing to <b>abbreviate</b> by contracting, another by cutting off.

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To reduce to lower terms, as a fraction.</def>

<h1>Abbreviate</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab*bre"vi*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abbreviatus</ets>, p.p.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abbreviated; abridged; shortened.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>abbreviate</i> form."

<i>Earle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having one part relatively shorter than another or than the ordinary type.</def>

<h1>Abbreviate</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab*bre"vi*ate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An abridgment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Elyot.</i>

<h1>Abbreviated</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab*bre"vi*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shortened; relatively short; abbreviate.</def>

<h1>Abbreviation</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab*bre`vi*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>abbreviatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abbr\'82viation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of shortening, or reducing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The result of abbreviating; an abridgment.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The form to which a word or phrase is reduced by contraction and omission; a letter or letters, standing for a word or phrase of which they are a part; <as>as, <ex>Gen</ex></as>. for <i>Genesis</i>; <i>U</i>.<i>S</i>.<i>A</i>. for <i>United States of America</i>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One dash, or more, through the stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers, semiquavers, or demi-semiquavers.</def>

<i>Moore.</i>

<h1>Abbreviator</h1>
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<hw>Ab*bre"vi*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.: cf. F. <ets>abbr\'82viateur</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who abbreviates or shortens.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of a college of seventy-two officers of the papal court whose duty is to make a short minute of a decision on a petition, or reply of the pope to a letter, and afterwards expand the minute into official form.</def>

<h1>Abbreviatory</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab*bre"vi*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving or tending to abbreviate; shortening; abridging.</def>

<h1>Abbreviature</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab*bre"vi*a*ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An abbreviation; an abbreviated state or form.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An abridgment; a compendium or abstract.</def>

<blockquote>This is an excellent <b>abbreviature</b> of the whole duty of a Christian.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abb wool</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Abb" wool</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> See <er>Abb</er>.</def>

<h1>A B C</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>A B C"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>The first three letters of the alphabet, used for the whole alphabet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A primer for teaching the alphabet and first elements of reading.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The simplest rudiments of any subject; <as>as, the <ex>A B C</ex> of finance</as>.</def>

<cs><col>A B C book</col>, <cd>a primer.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Abdal</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab"dal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>bad\'c6l</ets>, pl. <ets>abd\'bel</ets>, a substitute, a good, religious man, saint, fr. <ets>badala</ets> to change, substitute.]</ety> <def>A religious devotee or dervish in Persia.</def>

<h1>Abderian</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab*de"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Abdera</ets>, a town in Thrace, of which place Democritus, the Laughing Philosopher, was a native.]</ety> <def>Given to laughter; inclined to foolish or incessant merriment.</def>

<h1>Abderite</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab*de"rite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Abderita</ets>, <ets>Abderites</ets>, fr. Gr. '<?/.]</ety> <def>An inhabitant of Abdera, in Thrace.</def>

<cs><col>The Abderite</col>, <cd>Democritus, the Laughing Philosopher.</cd></cs>

<h1>Abdest</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab"dest</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>\'bebdast</ets>; <ets>ab</ets> water + <ets>dast</ets> hand.]</ety> <def>Purification by washing the hands before prayer; -- a Mohammedan rite.</def>

<i>Heyse.</i>

<h1>Abdicable</h1>
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<hw>Ab"di*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being abdicated.</def>

<h1>Abdicant</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab"di*cant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abdicans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>abdicare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Abdicating; renouncing; -- followed by <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Monks <b>abdicant</b> of their orders.
<i>Whitlock.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abdicant</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab"di*cant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abdicates.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Abdicate</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab"di*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abdicated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Abdicating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abdicatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>abdicare</ets>; <ets>ab + dicare</ets> to proclaim, akin to <ets>dicere</ets> to say. See <er>Diction</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To surrender or relinquish, as sovereign power; to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high office, station, dignity; <as>as, to <ex>abdicate</ex> the throne, the crown, the papacy</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The word <i>abdicate</i> was held to mean, in the case of James II., to abandon without a formal surrender.</note>

<blockquote>The cross-bearers <b>abdicated</b> their service.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To renounce; to relinquish; -- said of authority, a trust, duty, right, etc.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>abdicates</b> all right to be his own governor.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The understanding <b>abdicates</b> its functions.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To reject; to cast off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>To disclaim and expel from the family, as a father his child; to disown; to disinherit.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To give up; quit; vacate; relinquish; forsake; abandon; resign; renounce; desert.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Abdicate</er>, <er>Resign</er>. <i>Abdicate</i> commonly expresses the act of a monarch in voluntary and formally yielding up sovereign authority; <as>as, to <ex>abdicate</ex> the government</as>. <i>Resign</i> is applied to the act of any person, high or low, who gives back an office or trust into the hands of him who conferred it. Thus, a minister <i>resigns</i>, a military officer <i>resigns</i>, a clerk <i>resigns</i>. The expression, "The king <i>resigned</i> his crown," sometimes occurs in our later literature, implying that he held it from his people. -- There are other senses of <i>resign</i> which are not here brought into view.</usage>

<h1>Abdicate</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab"di*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.i.</tt> <def>To relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or dignity.</def>

<blockquote>Though a king may <b>abdicate</b> for his own person, he cannot <b>abdicate</b> for the monarchy.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abdication</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab`di*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abdicatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abdication</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office, dignity, or trust, by its holder; commonly the voluntary renunciation of sovereign power; <as>as, <ex>abdication</ex> of the throne, government, power, authority</as>.</def>

<h1>Abdicative</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab"di*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abdicativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing, or implying, abdication.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Abdicator</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab"di*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abdicates.</def>

<h1>Abditive</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab"di*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abditivus</ets>, fr. <ets>abdere</ets> to hide.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of hiding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Abditory</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab"di*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abditorium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A place for hiding or preserving articles of value.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Abdomen</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab*do"men</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abdomen</ets> (a word of uncertain etymol.): cf. F. <ets>abdomen</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.</fld>) <def>The belly, or that part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis. Also, the cavity of the belly, which is lined by the peritoneum, and contains the stomach, bowels, and other viscera. In man, often restricted to the part between the diaphragm and the commencement of the pelvis, the remainder being called the pelvic cavity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The posterior section of the body, behind the thorax, in insects, crustaceans, and other Arthropoda.</def>

<h1>Abdominal</h1>
<Xpage=3>

<hw>Ab*dom"i*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abdominal</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the abdomen; ventral; <as>as, the <ex>abdominal</ex> regions, muscles, cavity</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having abdominal fins; belonging to the Abdominales; <as>as, <ex>abdominal</ex> fishes</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Abdominal ring</col> <fld>(Anat.</fld>)<cd>, a fancied ringlike opening on each side of the abdomen, external and superior to the <i>pubes<i>; -- called also <altname>inguinal ring</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Abdominal</h1>
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<hw>Ab*dom"i*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>E. pl. <plw>Abdominals</plw>, L. pl. <plw>Abdominales</plw></plu>. <def>A fish of the group Abdominales.</def>

<h1>Abdominales</h1>
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<hw>Ab*dom`i*na"les</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., masc. pl.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group including the greater part of fresh-water fishes, and many marine ones, having the ventral fins under the abdomen behind the pectorals.</def>

<h1>Abdominalia</h1>
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<hw>Ab*dom`i*na"li*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., neut. pl.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of cirripeds having abdominal appendages.</def>

<h1>Abdominoscopy</h1>
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<hw>Ab*dom`i*nos"co*py</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abdomen</ets> + Gr. <?/ to examine.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Examination of the abdomen to detect abdominal disease.</def>

<h1>Abdominothoracic</h1>
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<hw>Ab*dom`i*no*tho*rac"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the abdomen and the thorax, or chest.</def>

<h1>Abdominous</h1>
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<hw>Ab*dom"i*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a protuberant belly; pot-bellied.</def>

<blockquote>Gorgonius sits, <b>abdominous</b> and wan,
Like a fat squab upon a Chinese fan.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abduce</h1>
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<hw>Ab*duce"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abduced</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Abducing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abducere</ets> to lead away; <ets>ab + ducere</ets> to lead. See <er>Duke</er>, and cf. <er>Abduct</er>.]</ety> <def>To draw or conduct away; to withdraw; to draw to a different part.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If we <b>abduce</b> the eye unto either corner, the object will not duplicate.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abduct</h1>
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<hw>Ab*duct"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abducted</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Abducting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abductus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>abducere</ets>. See <er>Abduce</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take away surreptitiously by force; to carry away (a human being) wrongfully and usually by violence; to kidnap.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw away, as a limb or other part, from its ordinary position.</def>

<h1>Abduction</h1>
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<hw>Ab*duc"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abductio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abduction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing apart; a carrying away.</def>

<i>Roget.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The movement which separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of the body.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The wrongful, and usually the forcible, carrying off of a human being; <as>as, the <ex>abduction</ex> of a child, the <ex>abduction</ex> of an heiress</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A syllogism or form of argument in which the major is evident, but the minor is only probable.</def>

<h1>Abductor</h1>
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<hw>Ab*duc"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who abducts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which serves to draw a part out, or form the median line of the body; <as>as, the <ex>abductor oculi</ex>, which draws the eye outward</as>.</def>

<h1>Abeam</h1>
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<hw>A*beam"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>beam</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>On the beam, that is, on a line which forms a right angle with the ship's keel; opposite to the center of the ship's side.</def>

<h1>Abear</h1>
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<hw>A*bear"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'beberan</ets>; pref. <ets>\'be-</ets> + <ets>beran</ets> to bear.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bear; to behave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So did the faery knight himself <b>abear</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put up with; to endure.</def> <mark>[Prov.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Abearance</h1>
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<hw>A*bear"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Behavior.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Abearing</h1>
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<hw>A*bear"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Behavior.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir. T. More.</i>

<h1>Abecedarian</h1>
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<hw>A`be*ce*da"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abecedarius</ets>. A word from the first four letters of the alphabet.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is learning the alphabet; hence, a tyro.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One engaged in teaching the alphabet.</def>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Abecedarian, Abecedary</h1>
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<hw><hw>A`be*ce*da"ri*an</hw>, <hw>A`be*ce"da*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or formed by, the letters of the alphabet; alphabetic; hence, rudimentary.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Abecedarian psalms</col>, <col>hymns</col></mcol>, <cd>etc., compositions in which (like the 119th psalm in Hebrew) distinct portions or verses commence with successive letters of the alphabet.</cd></cs>

<i>Hook.</i>

<h1>Abecedary</h1>
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<hw>A`be*ce"da*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A primer; the first principle or rudiment of anything.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Abed</h1>
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<hw>A*bed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> in, on + <ets>bed</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In bed, or on the bed.</def>

<blockquote>Not to be <b>abed</b> after midnight.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To childbed (in the phrase "<i>brought abed</i>," that is, delivered of a child).</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Abegge</h1>
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<hw>A*beg"ge</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> Same as <er>Aby</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Abele</h1>
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<hw>A*bele"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>abeel</ets> (<ets>abeel</ets>-<ets>boom</ets>), OF. <ets>abel</ets>, <ets>aubel</ets>, fr. a dim. of L. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <def>The white polar <spn>(Populus alba)</spn>.</def>

<blockquote>Six <b>abeles</b> i' the churchyard grow.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abelian, Abelite, Abelonian</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*bel"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A"bel*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A`bel*o"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect in Africa (4th century), mentioned by St. Augustine, who states that they married, but lived in continence, after the manner, as they pretended, of Abel.</def>

<h1>Abelmosk</h1>
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<hw>A"bel*mosk`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>abelmoschus</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>abu</ets>-<ets>l</ets>-<ets>misk</ets> father of musk, <ets>i</ets>.<ets>e</ets>., producing musk. See <er>Musk</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An evergreen shrub <spn>(Hibiscus -- formerly Abelmoschus-moschatus</i>)</spn>, of the East and West Indies and Northern Africa, whose musky seeds are used in perfumery and to flavor coffee; -- sometimes called <i>musk mallow</i>.</def>

<h1>Ab er-de-vine</h1>
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<hw>Ab` er-de-vine"</hw> (#), <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.</fld>) <def>The European siskin <spn>(Carduelis spinus)</spn>, a small green and yellow finch, related to the goldfinch.</def>

<h1>Aberr</h1>
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<hw>Ab*err"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aberrare</ets>. See <er>Aberrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To wander; to stray.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Aberrance, Aberrancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ab*er"rance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ab*er"ran*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being aberrant; a wandering from the right way; deviation from truth, rectitude, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Aberrancy of curvature</col> <fld>(Geom.</fld>), <cd>the deviation of a curve from a circular form.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aberrant</h1>
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<hw>Ab*er"rant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aberrans</ets>, <ets>-rantis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>aberrare</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Aberr</er>.] <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wandering; straying from the right way.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Deviating from the ordinary or natural type; exceptional; abnormal.</def>

<blockquote>The more <b>aberrant</b> any form is, the greater must have been the number of connecting forms which, on my theory, have been exterminated.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aberrate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"er*rate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aberratus</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>aberrare</ets>; <ets>ab + errare</ets> to wander. See <er>Err</er>.]</ety> <def>To go astray; to diverge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Their own defective and <b>aberrating</b> vision.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aberration</h1>
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<hw>Ab`er*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aberratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aberration</ets>. See <er>Aberrate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of wandering; deviation, especially from truth or moral rectitude, from the natural state, or from a type.</def>   "The <i>aberration</i> of youth." <i>Hall</i>. "<i>Aberrations</i> from theory." <i>Burke</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A partial alienation of reason.</def>  "Occasional <i>aberrations</i> of intellect." <i>Lingard</i>.

<blockquote>Whims, which at first are the <b>aberrations</b> of a single brain, pass with heat into epidemic form.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A small periodical change of position in the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer; called <i>annual aberration</i>, when the observer's motion is that of the earth in its orbit, and <i>dairy</i> or <i>diurnal aberration</i>, when of the earth on its axis; amounting when greatest, in the former case, to 20.4'', and in the latter, to 0.3''. <i>Planetary aberration</i> is that due to the motion of light and the motion of the planet relative to the earth.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The convergence to different foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single focus; called <i>spherical aberration</i>, when due to the spherical form of the lens or mirror, such form giving different foci for central and marginal rays; and <i>chromatic aberration</i>, when due to different refrangibilities of the colored rays of the spectrum, those of each color having a distinct focus.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The passage of blood or other fluid into parts not appropriate for it.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The producing of an unintended effect by the glancing of an instrument, as when a shot intended for A glances and strikes B.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; alienation; mania; dementia; hallucination; illusion; delusion. See <er>Insanity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Aberrational</h1>
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<hw>Ab`er*ra"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by aberration.</def>

<h1>Aberuncate</h1>
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<hw>Ab`e*run"cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aberuncare</ets>, for <ets>aberruncare</ets>. See <er>Averruncate</er>.]</ety> <def>To weed out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Aberuncator</h1>
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<hw>Ab`e*run"ca*tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A weeding machine.</def>

<h1>Abet</h1>
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<hw>A*bet"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abetted</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Abetting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>abeter</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>beter</ets> to bait (as a bear), fr. Icel. <ets>beita</ets> to set dogs on, to feed, originally, to cause to bite, fr. Icel. <ets>b\'c6ta</ets> to bite, hence to bait, to incite. See <er>Bait</er>, <er>Bet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To instigate or encourage by aid or countenance; -- used in a bad sense of persons and acts; <as>as, to <ex>abet</ex> an ill-doer; to <ex>abet</ex> one in his wicked courses; to <ex>abet</ex> vice; to <ex>abet</ex> an insurrection.</as></def> "The whole tribe <i>abets</i> the villany."

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>Would not the fool <b>abet</b> the stealth,
Who rashly thus exposed his wealth?
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To support, uphold, or aid; to maintain; -- in a good sense. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>.

<blockquote>Our duty is urged, and our confidence <b>abetted</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld><def>To contribute, as an assistant or instigator, to the commission of an offense.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To incite; instigate; set on; egg on; foment; advocate; countenance; encourage; second; uphold; aid; assist; support; sustain; back; connive at.</syn>

<h1>Abet</h1>
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<hw>A*bet"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>abet</ets>, fr. <ets>abeter</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of abetting; aid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Abetment</h1>
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<hw>A*bet"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of abetting; <as>as, an <ex>abetment</ex> of treason, crime, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Abettal</h1>
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<hw>A*bet"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abetment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="4">
Page 4<p>

<h1>Abetter, Abettor</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw><hw>A*bet"ter</hw>, <hw>A*bet*tor</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abets; an instigator of an offense or an offender.</def>

<note>&hand; The form <i>abettor</i> is the legal term and also in general use.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Abettor</er>, <er>Accessory</er>, <er>Accomplice</er>.</syn> <usage> These words denote different degrees of complicity in some deed or crime. An <i>abettor</i> is one who incites or encourages to the act, without sharing in its performance. An <i>accessory</i> supposes a principal offender. One who is neither the chief actor in an offense, nor present at its performance, but <i>accedes</i> to or becomes involved in its guilt, either by some previous or subsequent act, as of instigating, encouraging, aiding, or concealing, etc., is an <i>accessory</i>.  An <i>accomplice</i> is one who participates in the commission of an offense, whether as principal or accessory. Thus in treason, there are no <i>abettors</i> or <i>accessories</i>, but all are held to be principals or <i>accomplices</i>.</usage>

<h1>Abevacuation</h1>
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<hw>Ab`e*vac"u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ab-</ets> + <ets>evacuation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A partial evacuation.</def>

<i>Mayne.</i>

<h1>Abeyance</h1>
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<hw>A*bey"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>abeance</ets> expectation, longing; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>baer</ets>, <ets>beer</ets>, to gape, to look with open mouth, to expect, F. <ets>bayer</ets>, LL. <ets>badare</ets> to gape.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Expectancy; condition of being undetermined.</def>

<note>&hand; When there is no person in existence in whom an inheritance (or a dignity) can vest, it is said to be in <i>abeyance</i>, that is, in expectation; the law considering it as always potentially existing, and ready to vest whenever a proper owner appears.</note>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suspension; temporary suppression.</def>

<blockquote>Keeping the sympathies of love and admiration in a dormant state, or state of <b>abeyance</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abeyancy</h1>
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<hw>A*bey"an*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abeyance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Abeyant</h1>
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<hw>A*bey"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being in a state of abeyance.</def>

<h1>Abhal</h1>
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<hw>Ab"hal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The berries of a species of cypress in the East Indies.</def>

<h1>Abhominable</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hom"i*na*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abominable.</def> <note>[A false orthography anciently used; <i>h</i> was foisted into various words; hence <i>abholish</i>, for <i>abolish</i>, etc.]</note>

<blockquote>This is <b>abhominable</b>, which he [Don Armado] would call <b>abominable</b>.
<i>Shak. Love's Labor's Lost, v. 1.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abhominal</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hom`i*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab</ets> away from + <ets>homo</ets>, <ets>hominis</ets>, man.]</ety> <def>Inhuman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Abhor</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hor"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abhorred</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abhorring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abhorrere</ets>; <ets>ab + horrere</ets> to bristle, shiver, shudder: cf. F. <ets>abhorrer</ets>. See <er>Horrid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shrink back with shuddering from; to regard with horror or detestation; to feel excessive repugnance toward; to detest to extremity; to loathe.</def>

<blockquote><b>Abhor</b> that which is evil; cleave to that which is good.
<i>Rom. xii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fill with horror or disgust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It doth <b>abhor</b> me now I speak the word.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Canon Law)</fld> <def>To protest against; to reject solemnly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I utterly <b>abhor</b>, yea, from my soul
Refuse you for my judge.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To hate; detest; loathe; abominate. See <er>Hate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Abhor</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*hor"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To shrink back with horror, disgust, or dislike; to be contrary or averse; -- with</def> <i>from</i>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>abhor</i> from those vices."

<i>Udall.</i>

<blockquote>Which is utterly <b>abhorring</b> from the end of all law.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abhorrence</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hor"rence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Extreme hatred or detestation; the feeling of utter dislike.</def>

<h1>Abhorrency</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*hor"ren*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abhorrence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Abhorrent</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*hor"rent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abhorens</ets>, <ets>-rentis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>abhorrere</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abhorring; detesting; having or showing abhorrence; loathing; hence, strongly opposed to; <as>as, <ex>abhorrent</ex> thoughts</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The persons most <b>abhorrent</b> from blood and treason.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The arts of pleasure in despotic courts
I spurn <b>abhorrent</b>.
<i>Clover.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contrary or repugnant; discordant; inconsistent; -- followed by <i>to</i>.</def> "Injudicious profanation, so <i>abhorrent</i> to our stricter principles."

<i>Gibbon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Detestable.</def> "Pride, <i>abhorrent</i> as it is."

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Abhorrently</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hor"rent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With abhorrence.</def>

<h1>Abhorrer</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*hor"rer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abhors.</def>

<i>Hume.</i>

<h1>Abhorrible</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*hor"ri*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Detestable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Abhorring</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*hor"ring</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Detestation.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Object of abhorrence.</def>

<i>Isa. lxvi. 24.</i>

<h1>Abib</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>A"bib</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>ab\'c6b</ets>, lit. an ear of corn. The month was so called from barley being at that time in ear.]</ety> <def>The first month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, corresponding nearly to our April. After the Babylonish captivity this month was called <i>Nisan</i>.</def>

<i>Kitto.</i>

<h1>Abidance</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>A*bid"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of abiding; abode; continuance; compliance (<i>with</i>).</def>

<blockquote>The Christians had no longer <b>abidance</b> in the holy hill of Palestine.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A judicious <b>abidance</b> by rules.
<i>Helps.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abide</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>A*bide"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abode</er> <tt>(#)</tt>, formerly <er>Abid</er><tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abiding</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'beb\'c6dan</ets>; pref. <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, G. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>b\'c6dan</ets> to bide. See <er>Bide</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wait; to pause; to delay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stay; to continue in a place; to have one's abode; to dwell; to sojourn; -- with <i>with</i> before a person, and commonly with <i>at</i> or <i>in</i> before a place.</def>

<blockquote>Let the damsel abide with us a few days.
<i>Gen. xxiv. 55.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To remain stable or fixed in some state or condition; to continue; to remain.</def>

<blockquote>Let every man <b>abide</b> in the same calling.
<i>1 Cor. vii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<cs>Followed by <it>by</it>: <col>To abide by</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To stand to; to adhere; to maintain.</cd>

<blockquote>The poor fellow was obstinate enough <b>to abide by</b> what he said at first.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To acquiesce; to conform to; as, <i>to abide by</i> a decision or an award.</cd></cs>

<h1>Abide</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>A*bide"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wait for; to be prepared for; to await; to watch for; <as>as, I <ex>abide</ex> my time</as>.</def> "I will <i>abide</i> the coming of my lord."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<note>[[Obs.], with a <i>personal</i> object.</note>

<blockquote>Bonds and afflictions <b>abide</b> me.
<i>Acts xx. 23.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To endure; to sustain; to submit to.</def>

<blockquote>[Thou] shalt <b>abide</b> her judgment on it.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bear patiently; to tolerate; to put up with.</def>

<blockquote>She could not <b>abide</b> Master Shallow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <note>[Confused with <i>aby</i> to pay for. See <er>Aby</er>.]</note> <def>To stand the consequences of; to answer for; to suffer for.</def>

<blockquote>Dearly I <b>abide</b> that boast so vain.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abider</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>A*bid"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who abides, or continues.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Speedy goers and strong <i>abiders</i>."

<i>Sidney.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who dwells; a resident.</def>

<i>Speed.</i>

<h1>Abiding</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>A*bid"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Continuing; lasting.</def>

<h1>Abidingly</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>A*bid"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Permanently.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Abies</h1>
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<hw>A"bi*es</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fir tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of coniferous trees, properly called Fir, as the balsam fir and the silver fir. The spruces are sometimes also referred to this genus.</def>

<h1>Abietene</h1>
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<hw>Ab"i*e*tene</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abies</ets>, <ets>abietis</ets>, a fir tree.]</ety> <def>A volatile oil distilled from the resin or balsam of the nut pine <spn>(Pinus sabiniana)</spn> of California.</def>

<h1>Abietic</h1>
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<hw>Ab`i*et"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the fir tree or its products; <as>as, <ex>abietic</ex> acid, called also <ex>sylvic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Abietin, Abietine</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw><hw>Ab"i*e*tin</hw>, <hw>Ab"i*e*tine</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Abietene</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A resinous obtained from Strasburg turpentine or Canada balsam. It is without taste or smell, is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol (especially at the boiling point), in strong acetic acid, and in ether.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Abietinic</h1>
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<hw>Ab`i*e*tin"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to abietin; <as>as, <ex>abietinic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Abietite</h1>
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<hw>Ab"i*e*tite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance resembling mannite, found in the needles of the common silver fir of Europe <spn>(Abies pectinata)</spn>.</def>

<i>Eng. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Abigail</h1>
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<hw>Ab"i*gail</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The proper name used as an appellative.]</ety> <def>A lady's waiting-maid.</def>

<i>Pepys.</i>

<blockquote>Her <b>abigail</b> reported that Mrs. Gutheridge had a set of night curls for sleeping in.
<i>Leslie.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abiliment</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>A*bil"i*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Habiliment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ability</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>A*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abilities</plw><tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>habilet\'82</ets>, earlier spelling <ets>habilit\'82</ets> (with silent <ets>h</ets>), L. <ets>habilitas</ets> aptitude, ability, fr. <ets>habilis</ets> apt. See <er>Able</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being able; power to perform, whether physical, moral, intellectual, conventional, or legal; capacity; skill or competence in doing; sufficiency of strength, skill, resources, etc.; -- in the <i>plural</i>, faculty, talent.</def>

<blockquote>Then the disciples, every man according to his <b>ability</b>, determined to send relief unto the brethren.
<i>Acts xi. 29.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Natural <b>abilities</b> are like natural plants, that need pruning by study.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The public men of England, with much of a peculiar kind of <b>ability</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Capacity; talent; cleverness; faculty; capability; efficiency; aptitude; aptness; address; dexterity; skill.</syn> <usage> <er>Ability</er>, <er>Capacity</er>. These words come into comparison when applied to the higher intellectual powers. <i>Ability</i> has reference to the <i>active</i> exercise of our faculties. It implies not only native vigor of mind, but that ease and promptitude of execution which arise from mental training. Thus, we speak of the <i>ability</i> with which a book is written, an argument maintained, a negotiation carried on, etc. It always something to be <i>done</i>, and the power of <i>doing</i> it. <i>Capacity</i> has reference to the <i>receptive</i> powers. In its higher exercises it supposes great quickness of apprehension and breadth of intellect, with an uncommon aptitude for acquiring and retaining knowledge. Hence it carries with it the idea of <i>resources</i> and undeveloped power. Thus we speak of the extraordinary <i>capacity</i> of such men as Lord Bacon, Blaise Pascal, and Edmund Burke. "<i>Capacity</i>," says H. Taylor, "is requisite to devise, and <i>ability</i> to execute, a great enterprise." The word <i>abilities</i>, in the plural, embraces both these qualities, and denotes high mental endowments.</usage>

<mhw><h1>Abime or Abyme</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>A*bime"</hw> or <hw>A*byme"</hw></mhw> (#), <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ab\'8cme</ets>. See <er>Abysm</er>.]</ety> <def>A abyss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abiogenesis</h1>
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<hw>Ab`i*o*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ life + <?/, origin, birth.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The supposed origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents; spontaneous generation; -- called also <altname>abiogeny</altname>, and opposed to <contr>biogenesis</contr>.</def>

<blockquote>I shall call the . . . doctrine that living matter may be produced by not living matter, the hypothesis of <b>abiogenesis</b>.
<i>Huxley, 1870.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abiogenetic</h1>
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<hw>Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to abiogenesis.</def> <wordforms><wf>Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Abiogenist</h1>
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<hw>Ab`i*og"e*nist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One who believes that life can be produced independently of antecedent.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Abiogenous</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab`i*og"e*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Produced by spontaneous generation.</def>

<h1>Abiogeny</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab`i*og"e*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Abiogenesis</er>.</def>

<h1>Abiological</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab`i*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + E. <ets>biological</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the study of inanimate things.</def>

<h1>Abirritant</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*ir"ri*tant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine that diminishes irritation.</def>

<h1>Abirritate</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*ir"ri*tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ab-</ets> + <ets>irritate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To diminish the sensibility of; to debilitate.</def>

<h1>Abirritation</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*ir`ri*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A pathological condition opposite to that of irritation; debility; want of strength; asthenia.</def>

<h1>Abirritative</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*ir"ri*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Characterized by abirritation or debility.</def>

<h1>Abit</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>A*bit"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<def> 3d sing. pres. of <er>Abide</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Abject</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab"ject</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abjectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abjicere</ets> to throw away; <ets>ab + jacere</ets> to throw. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting forth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cast down; low-lying.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>From the safe shore their floating carcasses
And broken chariot wheels; so thick bestrown
<b>Abject</b> and lost lay these, covering the flood.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sunk to a law condition; down in spirit or hope; degraded; servile; groveling; despicable; <as>as, <ex>abject</ex> posture, fortune, thoughts</as>.</def>   "Base and <i>abject</i> flatterers." <i>Addison</i>. "An <i>abject</i> liar." <i>Macaulay</i>.

<blockquote>And banish hence these <b>abject</b>, lowly dreams.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Mean; groveling; cringing; mean-spirited; slavish; ignoble; worthless; vile; beggarly; contemptible; degraded.</syn>

<h1>Abject</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*ject"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Abject</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To cast off or down; hence, to abase; to degrade; to lower; to debase.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Abject</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab"ject</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person in the lowest and most despicable condition; a castaway.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Shall these <b>abjects</b>, these victims, these outcasts, know any thing of pleasure?
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abjectedness</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*ject"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A very abject or low condition; abjectness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i> Boyle.</i>

<h1>Abjection</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*jec"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abjection</ets>, L. <ets>abjectio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of bringing down or humbling.</def> "The <i>abjection</i> of the king and his realm."

<i>Joe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being rejected or cast out.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>An <b>adjection</b> from the beatific regions where God, and his angels and saints, dwell forever.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A low or downcast state; meanness of spirit; abasement; degradation.</def>

<blockquote>That this should be termed baseness, <b>abjection</b> of mind, or servility, is it credible?
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abjectly</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab"ject*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Meanly; servilely.</def>

<h1>Abjectness</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab"ject*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being abject; abasement; meanness; servility.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Abjudge</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*judge"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ab-</ets> + <ets>judge</ets>, v. Cf. <er>Abjudicate</er>.]</ety> <def>To take away by judicial decision.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Abjudicate</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ju"di*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abjudicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abjudicare</ets>; <ets>ab + judicare</ets>. See <er>Judge</er>, and cf. <er>Abjudge</er>.]</ety> <def>To reject by judicial sentence; also, to abjudge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Abjudication</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*ju`di*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rejection by judicial sentence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Knowles.</i>

<h1>Abjugate</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab"ju*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abjugatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abjugare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To unyoke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Abjunctive</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*junc"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abjunctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abjungere</ets>; <ets>ab + jungere</ets> to join.]</ety> <def>Exceptional.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>It is this power which leads on from the accidental and <b>abjunctive</b> to the universal.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abjuration</h1>
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<hw>Ab`ju*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abjuratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abjuration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of abjuring or forswearing; a renunciation upon oath; <as>as, <ex>abjuration</ex> of the realm, a sworn banishment, an oath taken to leave the country and never to return</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A solemn recantation or renunciation; <as>as, an <ex>abjuration</ex> of heresy</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Oath of abjuration</col>, <cd>an oath asserting the right of the present royal family to the crown of England, and expressly abjuring allegiance to the descendants of the Pretender.</cd></cs>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Abjuratory</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*ju"ra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing abjuration.</def>

<h1>Abjure</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*jure"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abjured</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abjuring</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abjurare</ets> to deny upon oath; <ets>ab + jurare</ets> to swear, fr. <ets>jus</ets>, <ets>juris</ets>, right, law; cf. F. <ets>abjurer</ets>. See <er>Jury</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To renounce upon oath; to forswear; to disavow; <as>as, to <ex>abjure</ex> allegiance to a prince</as>. <i>To abjure the realm</i>, is to swear to abandon it forever.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To renounce or reject with solemnity; to recant; to abandon forever; to reject; repudiate; <as>as, to <ex>abjure</ex> errors</as>.</def> "Magic I here <i>abjure</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Renounce</er>.</syn>

<h1>Abjure</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*jure"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To renounce on oath.</def>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Abjurement</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*jure"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Renunciation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Abjurer</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*jur"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abjures.</def>

<h1>Ablactate</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*lac"tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablactatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ablactare</ets>; <ets>ab + lactare</ets> to suckle, fr. <ets>lac</ets> milk.]</ety> <def>To wean.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Ablactation</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab`lac*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The weaning of a child from the breast, or of young beasts from their dam.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>The process of grafting now called <i>inarching</i>, or <i>grafting by approach</i>.</def>

<h1>Ablaqueate</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*la"que*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablaqueatus</ets>, p. p. of. <ets>ablaqueare</ets>; fr. <ets>ab + laqueus</ets> a noose.]</ety> <def>To lay bare, as the roots of a tree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Ablaqueation</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab*la`que*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablaqueatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of laying bare the roots of trees to expose them to the air and water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Ablastemic</h1>
<Xpage=4>

<hw>Ab`las*tem"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ growth.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Non-germinal.</def>

<h1>Ablation</h1>
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<hw>Ab*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablatio</ets>, fr. <ets>ablatus</ets> p. p. of <ets>auferre</ets> to carry away; <ets>ab + latus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ferre</ets> carry: cf. F. <ets>ablation</ets>. See <er>Tolerate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A carrying or taking away; removal.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Extirpation.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Wearing away; superficial waste.</def>

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Ablatitious</h1>
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<hw>Ab`la*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Diminishing; <as>as, an <ex>ablatitious</ex> force</as>.</def>

<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i>

<h1>Ablative</h1>
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<hw>Ab"la*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ablatif</ets>, <ets>ablative</ets>, L. <ets>ablativus</ets> fr. <ets>ablatus</ets>. See <er>Ablation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Taking away or removing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Where the heart is forestalled with misopinion, <b>ablative</b> directions are found needful to unteach error, ere we can learn truth.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Applied to one of the cases of the noun in Latin and some other languages, -- the fundamental meaning of the case being <i>removal</i>, <i>separation</i>, or <i>taking away</i>.</def>

<h1>Ablative</h1>
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<hw>Ab"la*tive</hw>, <fld>(Gram.</fld>) <def>The ablative case.</def>

<cs><col>ablative absolute</col>, <cd>a construction in Latin, in which a noun in the ablative case has a participle (either expressed or implied), agreeing with it in gender, number, and case, both words forming a clause by themselves and being unconnected, grammatically, with the rest of the sentence; as, <i>Tarquinio regnante<i>, Pythagoras venit, <i>i. e.<i>, Tarquinius reigning, Pythagoras came.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ablaut</h1>
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<hw>Ab"laut</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ger., off-sound; <ets>ab</ets> off + <ets>laut</ets> sound.]</ety> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>The substitution of one root vowel for another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or meaning; vowel permutation; <as>as, <ex>get</ex>, <ex>gat</ex>, <ex>got</ex>; <ex>sing</ex>, <ex>song</ex>; <ex>hang</ex>, <ex>hung</ex>.</as></def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<-- p. 5  -->

<h1>Ablaze</h1>
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<hw>A*blaze"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>blaze</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On fire; in a blaze, gleaming.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<blockquote>All <b>ablaze</b> with crimson and gold.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a state of glowing excitement or ardent desire.</def>

<blockquote>The young Cambridge democrats were all <b>ablaze</b> to assist Torrijos.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Able</h1>
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<hw>A"ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Comp.</tt> <er>Abler</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Ablest</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>habile</ets>, L. <ets>habilis</ets> that may be easily held or managed, apt, skillful, fr. <ets>habere</ets> to have, hold. Cf. <er>Habile</er> and see <er>Habit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fit; adapted; suitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A many man, to ben an abbot <b>able</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having sufficient power, strength, force, skill, means, or resources of any kind to accomplish the object; possessed of qualifications rendering competent for some end; competent; qualified; capable; <as>as, an <ex>able</ex> workman, soldier, seaman, a man <ex>able</ex> to work; a mind <ex>able</ex> to reason; a person <ex>able</ex> to be generous; <ex>able</ex> to endure pain; <ex>able</ex> to play on a piano.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Specially: Having intellectual qualifications, or strong mental powers; showing ability or skill; talented; clever; powerful; <as>as, the <ex>ablest</ex> man in the senate; an <ex>able</ex> speech.</as></def>

<blockquote>No man wrote <b>abler</b> state papers.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Legally qualified; possessed of legal competence; <as>as, <ex>able</ex> to inherit or devise property</as>.</def>

<note><col>Able for</col>, is Scotticism. <blockquote>"Hardly <b>able for</b> such a march."
<i>Robertson.</i></note>

<syn>Syn. -- Competent; qualified; fitted; efficient; effective; capable; skillful; clever; vigorous; powerful.</syn>

<h1>Able</h1>
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<hw>A"ble</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Able</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make able; to enable; to strengthen.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To vouch for.</def> "I 'll <i>able</i> them."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>able</h1>
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<hw>*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[F. -<ets>able</ets>, L. -<ets>abilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>An adjective suffix now usually in a passive sense; able to be; fit to be; expressing capacity or worthiness in a passive sense; <as>as, mov<ex>able</ex>, able to be moved; amend<ex>able</ex>, able to be amended; blam<ex>able</ex>, fit to be blamed; sal<ex>able</ex>.</as></def>

<note>The form <wordforms><wf>ible<wf></wordforms> is used in the same sense.</note>

<note>&hand; It is difficult to say when we are not to use -<i>able</i> instead of -<i>ible</i>. "Yet a rule may be laid down as to when we are to use it. To all verbs, then, from the Anglo-Saxon, to all based on the uncorrupted infinitival stems of Latin verbs of the first conjugation, and to all substantives, whencesoever sprung, we annex -<i>able</i> only."</note>

<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i>

<h1>Able-bodied</h1>
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<hw>A`ble-bod"ied</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a sound, strong body; physically competent; robust.</def>  "<i>Able</i>-<i>bodied</i> vagrant." <i>Froude</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>A`ble-bod"ied*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt>.</wordforms>

<h1>Ablegate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"le*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablegatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ablegare</ets>; <ets>ab + legare</ets> to send with a commission. See <er>Legate</er>.]</ety> <def>To send abroad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Ablegate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"le*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A representative of the pope charged with important commissions in foreign countries, one of his duties being to bring to a newly named cardinal his insignia of office.</def>

<h1>Ablegation</h1>
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<hw>Ab`le*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablegatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of sending abroad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Able-minded</h1>
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<hw>A`ble-mind"ed</hw> (#), <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having much intellectual power.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A`ble-mind"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ableness</h1>
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<hw>A"ble*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ability of body or mind; force; vigor.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<h1>Ablepsy</h1>
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<hw>Ab"lep*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to see.]</ety> <def>Blindness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Urquhart.</i>

<h1>Abler</h1>
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<hw>A"bler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <def> <tt>comp.</tt> of <er>Able</er>.</def>   -- <wordforms><wf>A"blest</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <def><tt>superl.</tt> of <er>Able</er>.</def></wordforms>

<mhw><h1>Ablet, Ablen</h1>
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<hw>Ab"let</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ab"len</hw></mhw> <ety>[F. <ets>ablet</ets>, <ets>ablette</ets>, a dim. fr. LL. <ets>abula</ets>, for <ets>albula</ets>, dim. of <ets>albus</ets> white. Cf. <er>Abele</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fresh-water fish <spn>(Leuciscus alburnus)</spn>; the bleak.</def>

<h1>Abligate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"li*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab + ligatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ligare</ets> to tie.]</ety> <def>To tie up so as to hinder from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abligurition</h1>
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<hw>Ab*lig`u*ri"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abligurito</ets>, fr. <ets>abligurire</ets> to spend in luxurious indulgence; <ets>ab + ligurire</ets> to be lickerish, dainty, fr. <ets>lingere</ets> to lick.]</ety> <def>Prodigal expense for food.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Ablins</h1>
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<hw>A"blins</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Able</er>.]</ety> <def>Perhaps.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Abloom</h1>
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<hw>A*bloom"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>bloom</ets>.]</ety> <def>In or into bloom; in a blooming state.</def>

<i>Masson.</i>

<h1>Ablude</h1>
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<hw>Ab*lude"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abludere</ets>; <ets>ab + ludere</ets> to play.]</ety> <def>To be unlike; to differ.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Abluent</h1>
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<hw>Ab"lu*ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abluens</ets>, p. pr. of. <ets>abluere</ets> to wash away; <ets>ab + luere</ets> (<ets>lavere</ets>, <ets>lavare</ets>). See <er>Lave</er>.]</ety> <def>Washing away; carrying off impurities; detergent.</def>  -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A detergent.</def></wordforms>

<h1>Ablush</h1>
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<hw>A*blush"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>blush</ets>.]</ety> <def>Blushing; ruddy.</def>

<h1>Ablution</h1>
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<hw>Ab*lu`tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablutio</ets>, fr. <ets>abluere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ablution</ets>. See <er>Abluent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of washing or cleansing; specifically, the washing of the body, or some part of it, as a religious rite.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The water used in cleansing.</def> "Cast the <i>ablutions</i> in the main."

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A small quantity of wine and water, which is used to wash the priest's thumb and index finger after the communion, and which then, as perhaps containing portions of the consecrated elements, is drunk by the priest.</def>

<h1>Ablutionary</h1>
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<hw>Ab*lu"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to ablution.</def>

<h1>Abluvion</h1>
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<hw>Ab*lu"vi*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>abluvio</ets>. See <er>Abluent</er>.]</ety> <def>That which is washed off.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dwight.</i>

<h1>Ably</h1>
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<hw>A"bly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an able manner; with great ability; <as>as, <ex>ably</ex> done, planned, said</as>.</def>

<h1>-ably</h1>
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<hw>-a*bly</hw><tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A suffix composed of <it>-able</it> and the adverbial suffix <it>-ly</it>; <as>as, <it>favorably</it></as></def>.

<h1>Abnegate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ne*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abnegated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abnegating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abnegatus</ets>,p. p. of <ets>abnegare</ets>; <ets>ab + negare</ets> to deny. See <er>Deny</er>.]</ety> <def>To deny and reject; to abjure.</def>

<i>Sir E. Sandys. Farrar.</i>

<h1>Abnegation</h1>
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<hw>Ab`ne*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abnegatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abn\'82gation</ets>.]</ety> <def>a denial; a renunciation.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>abnegation</b> of God, of his honor, and of religion, they may retain the friendship of the court.
<i>Knox.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abnegative</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ne*ga*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abnegativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Denying; renouncing; negative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Clarke.</i>

<h1>Abnegator</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ne*ga`tor</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> [L.] <def>One who abnegates, denies, or rejects anything.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Abnet</h1>
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<hw>Ab"net</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb.]</ety> <def>The girdle of a Jewish priest or officer.</def>

<h1>Abnodate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"no*date</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abnodatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abnodare</ets>; <ets>ab + nodus</ets> knot.]</ety> <def>To clear (tress) from knots.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Abnodation</h1>
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<hw>Ab`no*da"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of cutting away the knots of trees.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Abnormal</h1>
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<hw>Ab*nor"mal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[For earlier <ets>anormal</ets>.F. <ets>anormal</ets>, LL. <ets>anormalus</ets> for <ets>anomalus</ets>, Gr. <?/. Confused with L. <ets>abnormis</ets>. See <er>Anomalous</er>, <er>Abnormous</er>, <er>Anormal</er>.]</ety> <def>Not conformed to rule or system; deviating from the type; anomalous; irregular.</def> "That deviating from the type; anomalous; irregular. "

<i>Froude.</i>

<h1>Abnormality</h1>
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<hw>Ab`nor*mal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abnormalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being abnormal; variation; irregularity.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something abnormal.</def>

<h1>Abnormally</h1>
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<hw>Ab*nor"mal*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abnormal manner; irregularly.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Abnormity</h1>
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<hw>Ab*nor"mi*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abnormities</plw> <tt>(#)</plu></tt>. <ety>[LL. <ets>abnormitas</ets>. See <er>Abnormous</er>.]</ety> <def>Departure from the ordinary type; irregularity; monstrosity.</def> "An <i>abnormity</i> . . . like a calf born with two heads."

<i>Mrs. Whitney.</i>

<h1>Abnormous</h1>
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<hw>Ab*nor"mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abnormis</ets>; <ets>ab + norma</ets> rule. See <er>Normal</er>.]</ety> <def>Abnormal; irregular.</def>

<i>Hallam.</i>

<blockquote>A character of a more <b>abnormous</b> cast than his equally suspected coadjutor.

<i>State Trials.</i>

<h1>Aboard</h1>
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<hw>A*board"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> on, in + <ets>board</ets>.]</ety>

<def> On board; into or within a ship or boat; hence, into or within a railway car.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Alongside; <as>as, close <ex>aboard</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><fld>Naut.</fld>: <col>To fall aboard of</col>, <cd>to strike a ship's side; to fall foul of.</cd> -- <col>To haul the tacks aboard</col>, <cd>to set the courses.</cd> -- <col>To keep the land aboard</col>, <cd>to hug the shore.</cd> -- <col>To lay (a ship) aboard</col>, <cd>to place one's own ship close alongside of (a ship) for fighting.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aboard</h1>
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<hw>A*board"</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On board of; <as>as, to go <ex>aboard</ex> a ship</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Across; athwart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Nor iron bands <b>aboard</b>
The Pontic Sea by their huge navy cast.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abodance</h1>
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<hw>A*bod"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bode</er>.]</ety> <def>An omen; a portending.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abode</h1>
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<hw>A*bode"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>pret.</tt> <def>of <er>Abide</er>.</def>

<h1>Abode</h1>
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<hw>A*bode"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>abad</ets>, <ets>abood</ets>, fr. <ets>abiden</ets> to abide. See <er>Abide</er>. For the change of vowel, cf. <ets>abode</ets>, imp. of <ets>abide</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of waiting; delay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>And with her fled away without <b>abode</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Stay or continuance in a place; sojourn.</def>

<blockquote>He waxeth at your <b>abode</b> here.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Place of continuance, or where one dwells; abiding place; residence; a dwelling; a habitation.</def>

<blockquote>Come, let me lead you to our poor <b>abode</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abode</h1>
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<hw>A*bode"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bode</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>An omen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>High-thundering Juno's husband stirs my spirit with true <b>abodes</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abode</h1>
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<hw>A*bode"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bode; to foreshow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Abode</h1>
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<hw>A*bode"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be ominous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Abodement</h1>
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<hw>A*bode"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A foreboding; an omen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Abodements</i> must not now affright us."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Aboding</h1>
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<hw>A*bod"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A foreboding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abolish</h1>
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<hw>A*bol"ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abolished</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abolishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>abolir</ets>, L. <ets>abolere</ets>, <ets>aboletum</ets>; <ets>ab + olere</ets> to grow. Cf. <er>Finish</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To do away with wholly; to annul; to make void; -- said of laws, customs, institutions, governments, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>abolish</ex> slavery, to <ex>abolish</ex> folly</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put an end to, or destroy, as a physical objects; to wipe out.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>And with thy blood <b>abolish</b> so reproachful blot.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His quick instinctive hand
Caught at the hilt, as to <b>abolish</b> him.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Abolish</er>, <er>Repeal</er>, <er>Abrogate</er>, <er>Revoke</er>, <er>Annul</er>, <er>Nullify</er>, <er>Cancel</er>.</syn> <usage> These words have in common the idea of setting aside by some overruling act. <i>Abolish</i> applies particularly to things of a permanent nature, such as institutions, usages, customs, etc.; as, to <i>abolish</i> monopolies, serfdom, slavery. <i>Repeal</i> describes the act by which the legislature of a state sets aside a law which it had previously enacted. <i>Abrogate</i> was originally applied to the repeal of a law by the Roman people; and hence, when the power of making laws was usurped by the emperors, the term was applied to <i>their</i> act of setting aside the laws. Thus it came to express that act by which a sovereign or an executive government sets aside laws, ordinances, regulations, treaties, conventions, etc. <i>Revoke</i> denotes the act or recalling some previous grant which conferred, privilege, etc.; as, to <i>revoke</i> a decree, to <i>revoke</i> a power of attorney, a promise, etc. Thus, also, we speak of the <i>revocation</i> of the Edict of Nantes. <i>Annul</i> is used in a more general sense, denoting simply to make void; as, to <i>annul</i> a contract, to <i>annul</i> an agreement. <i>Nullify</i> is an old word revived in this country, and applied to the setting of things aside either by force or by total disregard; as, to <i>nullify</i> an act of Congress. <i>Cancel</i> is to strike out or annul, by a deliberate exercise of power, something which has operative force.</usage>

<h1>Abolishable</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>A*bol"ish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abolissable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being abolished.</def>

<h1>Abolisher</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>A*bol"ish*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abolishes.</def>

<h1>Abolishment</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>A*bol"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abolissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of abolishing; abolition; destruction.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Abolition</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>Ab"o*li"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abolitio</ets>, fr. <ets>abolere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abolition</ets>. See <er>Abolish</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of abolishing, or the state of being abolished; an annulling; abrogation; utter destruction; <as>as, the <ex>abolition</ex> of slavery or the slave trade; the <ex>abolition</ex> of laws, decrees, ordinances, customs, taxes, debts, etc.</as></def>

<note>&hand; The application of this word to persons is now unusual or obsolete</note>

<h1>Abolitionism</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>Ab`o*li"tion*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles or measures of abolitionists.</def>

<i>Wilberforce.</i>

<h1>Abolitionist</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>Ab`o*li"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who favors the abolition of any institution, especially negro slavery.</def>

<h1>Abolitionize</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>Ab`o*li`tion*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To imbue with the principles of abolitionism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Aboma</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>A*bo"ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large South American serpent (<spn>Boa aboma</spn>).</def>

<h1>Abomasum, Abomasus</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw><hw>Ab`o*ma"sum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ab`o*ma"sus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>ab</ets> + <ets>omasum</ets> (a Celtic word.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> The fourth or digestive stomach of a ruminant, which leads from the third stomach <i>omasum</i>. See <er>Ruminantia</er>.</def>

<h1>Abominable</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>A*bom"i*na*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abominable</ets>. L. <ets>abominalis</ets>. See <er>Abominate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Worthy of, or causing, abhorrence, as a thing of evil omen; odious in the utmost degree; very hateful; detestable; loathsome; execrable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Excessive; large; -- used as an intensive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; Juliana Berners . . . informs us that in her time [15th c.], "a<i>bomynable</i> syght of monkes" was elegant English for "a large company of friars."</note>

<i>G. P. Marsh.</i>

<h1>Abominableness</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>A*bom"i*na*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being abominable; odiousness.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Abominably</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>A*bom"i*na*bly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abominable manner; very odiously; detestably.</def>

<h1>Abominate</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>A*bom"i*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abominated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abominating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abominatus</ets>, p. p. or <ets>abominari</ets> to deprecate as ominous, to abhor, to curse; <ets>ab + omen</ets> a foreboding. See <er>Omen</er>.]</ety> <def>To turn from as ill-omened; to hate in the highest degree, as if with religious dread; loathe; <as>as, to <ex>abominate</ex> all impiety</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To hate; abhor; loathe; detest. See <er>Hate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Abomination</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>A*bom`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>abominacioun</ets>, <ets>-cion</ets>, F. <ets>abominatio</ets>. See <er>Abominate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The feeling of extreme disgust and hatred; abhorrence; detestation; loathing; <as>as, he holds tobacco in <ex>abomination</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is abominable; anything hateful, wicked, or shamefully vile; an object or state that excites disgust and hatred; a hateful or shameful vice; pollution.</def>

<blockquote>Antony, most large in his <b>abominations</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A cause of pollution or wickedness.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Detestation; loathing; abhorrence; disgust; aversion; loathsomeness; odiousness.</syn>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Aboon</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>A*boon"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>and <i>adv</i>. Above.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Aboon</b> the pass of Bally-Brough.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ceiling fair that rose <b>aboon</b>.
<i>J. R. Drake.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aboral</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>Ab*o"ral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab</ets>. + E. <ets>oral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Situated opposite to, or away from, the mouth.</def>

<h1>Abord</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>A*bord"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Manner of approaching or accosting; address.</def>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Abord</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>A*bord"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aborder</ets>, <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>bord</ets> rim, brim, or side of a vessel. See <er>Border</er>, <er>Board</er>.]</ety> <def>To approach; to accost.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Digby.</i>

<h1>Aboriginal</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>Ab`o*rig"i*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Aborigines</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>First; original; indigenous; primitive; native; <as>as, the <ex>aboriginal</ex> tribes of America</as>.</def> "Mantled o'er with <i>aboriginal</i> turf."

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to aborigines; <as>as, a Hindoo of <ex>aboriginal</ex> blood</as>.</def>

<h1>Aboriginal</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>Ab`o*rig"i*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An original inhabitant of any land; one of the aborigines.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An animal or a plant native to the region.</def>

<blockquote>It may well be doubted whether this frog is an <b>aboriginal</b> of these islands.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aboriginality</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>Ab`o*rig`i*nal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being aboriginal.</def>

<i>Westm. Rev.</i>

<h1>Aboriginally</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>Ab`o*rig"i*nal*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Primarily.</def>

<h1>Aboriginess</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>Ab`o*rig"i*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aborigines</ets>; <ets>ab + origo</ets>, especially the first inhabitants of Latium, those who originally (<ets>ab origine</ets>) inhabited Latium or Italy. See <er>Origin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The earliest known inhabitants of a country; native races.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The original fauna and flora of a geographical area</def>

<h1>Aborsement</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>A*borse"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abortment; abortion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Aborsive</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>A*bor"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abortive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Abort</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>A*bort"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abortare</ets>, fr. <ets>abortus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aboriri</ets>; <ets>ab + oriri</ets> to rise, to be born. See <er>Orient</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To miscarry; to bring forth young prematurely.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To become checked in normal development, so as either to remain rudimentary or shrink away wholly; to become sterile.</def>

<h1>Abort</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>A*bort"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abortus</ets>, fr. <ets>aboriri</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An untimely birth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An aborted offspring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Aborted</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>A*bort"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Brought forth prematurely.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Rendered abortive or sterile; undeveloped; checked in normal development at a very early stage; <as>as, spines are <ex>aborted</ex> branches</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The eyes of the cirripeds are more or less <b>aborted</b> in their mature state.
<i>Owen.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aborticide</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>A*bor"ti*cide</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abortus + caedere</ets> to kill. See <er>Abort</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act of destroying a fetus in the womb; feticide.</def>

<h1>Abortifacient</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>A*bor`ti*fa"cient</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abortus</ets> (see <er>Abort</er>, <ets>v</ets>.) + <ets>faciens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Producing miscarriage.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A drug or an agent that causes premature delivery.</def>

<h1>Abortion</h1>
<Xpage=5>

<hw>A*bor"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abortio</ets>, fr. <ets>aboriri</ets>. See <er>Abort</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of giving premature birth; particularly, the expulsion of the human fetus prematurely, or before it is capable of sustaining life; miscarriage.</def>

<note>&hand; It is sometimes used for the offense of procuring a premature delivery, but strictly the early delivery is the <i>abortion</i>, "causing or procuring <i>abortion</i>" is the full name of the offense.</note>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<hr>
<page="6">
Page 6<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The immature product of an untimely birth.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Arrest of development of any organ, so that it remains an imperfect formation or is absorbed.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any fruit or produce that does not come to maturity, or anything which in its progress, before it is matured or perfect; a complete failure; <as>as, his attempt</as>. proved an <i>abortiori</i>.</def>

<h1>Abortional</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bor"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to abortion; miscarrying; abortive.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Abortionist</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bor"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who procures abortion or miscarriage.</def>

<h1>Abortive</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bor"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abortivus</ets>, fr. <ets>aboriri</ets>. See <er>Abort</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Produced by abortion; born prematurely; <as>as, an <ex>abortive</ex> child</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Made from the skin of a still-born animal; <as>as, <ex>abortive</ex> vellum</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Rendering fruitless or ineffectual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Plunged in that <i>abortive</i> gulf."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Coming to naught; failing in its effect; miscarrying; fruitless; unsuccessful; <as>as, an <ex>abortive</ex> attempt</as>.</def> "An <i>abortive</i> enterprise."

<i>Prescott.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Imperfectly formed or developed; rudimentary; sterile; <as>as, an <ex>abortive</ex> organ, stamen, ovule, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Causing abortion; <as>as, <ex>abortive</ex> medicines</as>.</def> <i>Parr</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Cutting short; <as>as, <ex>abortive</ex> treatment of typhoid fever</as>.</def>

<h1>Abortive</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bor"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is born or brought forth prematurely; an abortion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fruitless effort or issue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A medicine to which is attributed the property of causing abortion.</def><-- now usu. abortifacient. -->

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Abortively</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bor"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abortive or untimely manner; immaturely; fruitlessly.</def>

<h1>Abortiveness</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bor"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being abortive.</def>

<h1>Abortment</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bort"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abortion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abought</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bought"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Aby</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abound</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bound"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abounded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abounding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>abounden</ets>, F. <ets>abonder</ets>, fr. L. <ets>abundare</ets> to overflow, abound; <ets>ab + unda</ets> wave. Cf. <er>Undulate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be in great plenty; to be very prevalent; to be plentiful.</def>

<blockquote>The wild boar which <b>abounds</b> in some parts of the continent of Europe.
<i>Chambers.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where sin <b>abounded</b> grace did much more <b>abound</b>.
<i>Rom. v. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be copiously supplied; -- followed by <i>in</i> or <i>with</i>.</def>

<cs><col>To abound in</col>, <cd>to posses in such abundance as to be characterized by.</cd> -- <col>To abound with</col>, <cd>to be filled with; to possess in great numbers.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Men <b>abounding in</b> natural courage.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A faithful man shall <b>abound with</b> blessings.
<i>Prov. xxviii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It <b>abounds with</b> cabinets of curiosities.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>About</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bout"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aboute</ets>, <ets>abouten</ets>, <ets>abuten</ets>; AS. <ets>\'bebutan</ets>, <ets>onbutan</ets>; <ets>on + butan</ets>, which is from <ets>be</ets> by + u<ets>tan</ets> outward, from <ets>ut</ets> out. See <er>But</er>, <er>Out</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Around; all round; on every side of.</def>   "Look <i>about</i> you." <i>Shak</i>. "Bind them <i>about</i> thy neck." <i>Prov. iii. 3</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the immediate neighborhood of; in contiguity or proximity to; near, as to place; by or on (one's person).</def>  "Have you much money <i>about</i> you?"

<i>Bulwer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Over or upon different parts of; through or over in various directions; here and there in; to and fro in; throughout.</def>

<blockquote>Lampoons . . . were handed <b>about</b> the coffeehouses.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Roving still <b>about</b> the world.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Near; not far from; -- determining approximately time, size, quantity.</def>   "To-morrow, <i>about</i> this time." <i>Exod. ix. 18</i>. "<i>About</i> my stature." <i>Shak</i>.

<blockquote>He went out <b>about</b> the third hour.
<i>Matt. xx. 3.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This use passes into the adverbial sense.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>In concern with; engaged in; intent on.</def>

<blockquote>I must be <b>about</b> my Father's business.
<i>Luke ii. 49.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <mark>Before a verbal noun or an infinitive</mark>: <def>On the point or verge of; going; in act of.</def>

<blockquote>Paul was now <b>about</b>to open his mouth.
<i>Acts xviii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Concerning; with regard to; on account of; touching.</def>  "To treat <i>about</i> thy ransom."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>She must have her way <b>about</b> Sarah.
<i>Trollope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>About</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bout"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On all sides; around.</def>

<blockquote>'Tis time to look <b>about</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In circuit; circularly; by a circuitous way; around the outside; <as>as, a mile <ex>about</ex>, and a third of a mile across</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Here and there; around; in one place and another.</def>

<blockquote>Wandering <b>about</b> from house to house.
<i>1 Tim. v. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Nearly; approximately; with close correspondence, in quality, manner, degree, etc.; <as>as, <ex>about</ex> as cold; <ex>about</ex> as high</as>; -- also of quantity, number, time.</def> "There fell . . . <i>about</i> three thousand men."

<i>Exod. xxii. 28.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To a reserved position; half round; in the opposite direction; on the opposite tack; <as>as, to face <ex>about</ex>; to turn one's self <ex>about</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>To bring about</col>, <cd>to cause to take place; to accomplish.</cd> -- <col>To come about</col>, <cd>to occur; to take place. See under <er>Come</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To go about</col>, <col>To set about</col></mcol>, <cd>to undertake; to arrange; to prepare. "Shall we <i>set about<i> some revels?</cd> <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>Round about</col>, <cd>in every direction around.</cd></cs>

<h1>About-sledge</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bout"-sledge"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The largest hammer used by smiths.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Above</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bove"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>above</ets>, <ets>aboven</ets>, <ets>abuffe</ets>, AS. <ets>abufon</ets>; <ets>an</ets> (or <ets>on</ets>) on + <ets>be</ets> by + <ets>ufan</ets> upward; cf. Goth. <ets>uf</ets> under. \'fb199.  See <er>Over</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface; over; -- opposed to <i>below</i> or <i>beneath</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Fowl that may fly <b>above</b> the earth.
<i>Gen. i. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Figuratively, higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; beyond; higher in measure or degree than; <as>as, things <ex>above</ex> comprehension; <ex>above</ex> mean actions; conduct <ex>above</ex> reproach.</as></def> "Thy worth . . . is actions <i>above</i> my gifts."

<i>Marlowe.</i>

<blockquote>I saw in the way a light from heaven <b>above</b> the brightness of the sun.
<i>Acts xxxvi. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Surpassing in number or quantity; more than; <as>as, <ex>above</ex> a hundred</as>. (Passing into the adverbial sense. See <er>Above</er>, <tt>adv.</tt>, 4.)</def>

<cs><col>above all</col>, <cd>before every other consideration; chiefly; in preference to other things.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Over and above</col>, <tt>prep. or adv.</tt>, <cd>besides; in addition to.</cd></cs>

<h1>Above</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bove"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a higher place; overhead; into or from heaven; <as>as, the clouds <ex>above</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Earlier in order; higher in the same page; hence, in a foregoing page.</def> "That was said <i>above</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Higher in rank or power; <as>as, he appealed to the court <ex>above</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>More than; <as>as, <ex>above</ex> five hundred were present</as>.</def>

<note><i>Above</i> is often used elliptically as an adjective by omitting the word <i>mentioned</i>, <i>quoted</i>, or the like; as, the <i>above</i> observations, the <i>above</i> reference, the <i>above</i> articles. -- <i>Above</i> is also used substantively. "The waters that come down from <i>above</i>."

<i>Josh. iii. 13.</i>

It is also used as the first part of a compound in the sense of <i>before</i>, <i>previously</i>; as, <i>above</i>-cited, <i>above</i>-described, <i>above</i>-mentioned, <i>above</i>-named, <i>above</i>said, <i>above</i>specified, <i>above</i>-written, <i>above</i>-given.</note>

<h1>Aboveboard</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bove"board`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Above the board or table. Hence: in open sight; without trick, concealment, or deception.</def> "Fair and <i>aboveboard</i>."

<i>Burke.</i>

<note>&hand; This expression is said by Johnson to have been borrowed from gamesters, who, when they change their cards, put their hands under the table.</note>

<h1>Above-cited</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bove"-cit`ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cited before, in the preceding part of a book or writing.</def>

<h1>Abovedeck</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bove"deck`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>On deck; and hence, like <i>aboveboard</i>, without artifice.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<mhw><h1>Above-mentioned, Above-named</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bove"-men`tioned</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*bove"-named`</hw></mhw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mentioned or named before; aforesaid.</def>

<h1>Abovesaid</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bove"said`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mentioned or recited before.</def>

<h1>Abox</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*box"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Braced aback.</def>

<h1>Abracadabra</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>Ab`ra*ca*dab"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. Of unknown origin.]</ety> <def>A mystical word or collocation of letters written as in the figure. Worn on an amulet it was supposed to ward off fever. At present the word is used chiefly in jest to denote something without meaning; jargon.</def>

<h1>Abradant</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>Ab*ra"dant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A material used for grinding, as emery, sand, powdered glass, etc.</def>

<h1>Abrade</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>Ab*rade"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abraded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abrading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abradere</ets>, <ets>abrasum</ets>, to scrape off; <ets>ab + radere</ets> to scrape. See <er>Rase</er>, <er>Raze</er>.]</ety> <def>To rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction; <as>as, to <ex>abrade</ex> rocks</as>.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<h1>Abrade</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*brade"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Abraid</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abrahamic</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A`bra*ham"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Abraham, the patriarch; <as>as, the <ex>Abrachamic</ex> covenant</as>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Abrahamitic, ical</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A`bra*ham*it"ic</hw>, <hw>*ic*al</hw></mhw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the patriarch Abraham.</def>

<mhw><h1>Abraham-man <i>or</i> Abram-man</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A"bra*ham-man`</hw><tt>(#)</tt> <i>or</i> <hw>A"bram-man`</hw></mhw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Possibly in allusion to the parable of the beggar Lazarus in Luke xvi. <i>Murray (New Eng. Dict. ).</i>]</ety> <def> One of a set of vagabonds who formerly roamed through England, feigning lunacy for the sake of obtaining alms.</def>

<i>Nares.</i>

<cs><col>To sham Abraham</col>, <cd>to feign sickness.</cd></cs>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Abraid</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*braid"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>abraiden</ets>, to awake, draw (a sword), AS. <ets>\'bebredgan</ets> to shake, draw; pref. <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, Ger. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>bregdan</ets> to shake, throw. See <er>Braid</er>.]</ety> <def>To awake; to arouse; to stir or start up; also, to shout out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Abranchial</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bran"chi*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Abranchiate.</def>

<h1>Abranchiata</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, pl., the gills of fishes.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of annelids, so called because the species composing it have no special organs of respiration.</def>

<h1>Abranchiate</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without gills.</def>

<h1>Abrase</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>Ab*rase"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abrasus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abradere</ets>. See <er>Abrade</er>.]</ety> <def>Rubbed smooth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "An <i>abrase</i> table."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Abrasion</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>Ab*ra"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abrasio</ets>, fr. <ets>abradere</ets>. See <er>Abrade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of abrading, wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction; <as>as, the <ex>abrasion</ex> of coins</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The substance rubbed off.</def>

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A superficial excoriation, with loss of substance under the form of small shreds.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Abrasive</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>Ab*ra"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Producing abrasion.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<mhw><h1>Abraum or Abraum salts</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*braum"</hw> or <hw>A*braum" salts</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ger., fr. <ets>abr\'84umen</ets> to remove.]</ety> <def>A red ocher used to darken mahogany and for making chloride of potassium.</def>

<h1>Abraxas</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*brax"as</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A name adopted by the Egyptian Gnostic Basilides, containing the Greek letters \'3ca\'3e, \'3cb\'3e, \'3cr\'3e, \'3ca\'3e, \'3cx\'3e, \'3ca\'3e, \'3cs\'3e, which, as numerals, amounted to 365. It was used to signify the supreme deity as ruler of the 365 heavens of his system.]</ety> <def>A mystical word used as a charm and engraved on gems among the ancients; also, a gem stone thus engraved.</def>

<h1>Abray</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bray"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt> <ety>[A false form from the preterit <ets>abraid</ets>, <ets>abrayde</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Abraid</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Abreast</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*breast"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>breast</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Side by side, with breasts in a line; <as>as, "Two men could hardly walk <ex>abreast</ex></as>."</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Side by side; also, opposite; over against; on a line with the vessel's beam; -- with <i>of</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Up to a certain level or line; equally advanced; <as>as, to keep <ex>abreast</ex> of [or with] the present state of science</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>At the same time; simultaneously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Abreast</b> therewith began a convocation.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abregge</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*breg"ge</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Abridge</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abrenounce</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>Ab`re*nounce"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abrenuntiare</ets>; <ets>ab + renuntiare</ets>. See <er>Renounce</er>.]</ety> <def>To renounce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "They <i>abrenounce</i> and cast them off."

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Abrenunciation</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>Ab`re*nun`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>abrenuntiatio</ets>. See <er>Abrenounce</er>.]</ety> <def>Absolute renunciation or repudiation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>An <b>abrenunciation</b> of that truth which he so long had professed, and still believed.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abreption</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>Ab*rep"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abreptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abripere</ets> to snatch away; <ets>ab + rapere</ets> to snatch.]</ety> <def>A snatching away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abreuvoir</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A`breu`voir"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a watering place.]</ety> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>The joint or interstice between stones, to be filled with mortar.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Abricock</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A"bri*cock</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Apricot</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Abridge</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bridge"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abridged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abridging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>abregen</ets>, OF. <ets>abregier</ets>, F. <ets>abr\'82ger</ets>, fr. L. <ets>abbreviare</ets>; <ets>ad + brevis</ets> short. See <er>Brief</er> and cf. <er>Abbreviate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make shorter; to shorten in duration; to lessen; to diminish; to curtail; <as>as, to <ex>abridge</ex> labor; to <ex>abridge</ex> power or rights.</as></def> "The bridegroom . . . <i>abridged</i> his visit."

<i>Smollett.</i>

<blockquote>She retired herself to Sebaste, and <b>abridged</b> her train from state to necessity.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the sense; to epitomize; to condense; <as>as, to <ex>abridge</ex> a history or dictionary</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deprive; to cut off; -- followed by <i>of</i>, and formerly by <i>from</i>; <as>as, to <ex>abridge</ex> one of his rights</as>.</def>

<h1>Abridger</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bridg"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abridges.</def>

<h1>Abridgment</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*bridg"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>abregement</ets>. See <er>Abridge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act abridging, or the state of being abridged; diminution; lessening; reduction or deprivation; <as>as, an <ex>abridgment</ex> of pleasures or of expenses</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An epitome or compend, as of a book; a shortened or abridged form; an abbreviation.</def>

<blockquote>Ancient coins as <b>abridgments</b> of history.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which abridges or cuts short; hence, an entertainment that makes the time pass quickly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What <b>abridgment</b> have you for this evening? What mask? What music?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Abridgment</er>, <er>Compendium</er>, <er>Epitome</er>, <er>Abstract</er>, <er>Synopsis</er>.</syn> <usage> An <i>abridgment</i> is made by omitting the less important parts of some larger work; as, an <i>abridgment</i> of a dictionary. A <i>compendium</i> is a brief exhibition of a subject, or science, for common use; as, a <i>compendium</i> of American literature. An <i>epitome</i> corresponds to a <i>compendium</i>, and gives briefly the most material points of a subject; as, an <i>epitome</i> of history. An <i>abstract</i> is a brief statement of a thing in its main points. A <i>synopsis</i> is a bird's-eye view of a subject, or work, in its several parts.</usage>

<h1>Abroach</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*broach"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>abrochen</ets>, OF. <ets>abrochier</ets>. See <er>Broach</er>.]</ety> <def>To set abroach; to let out, as liquor; to broach; to tap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Abroach</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*broach"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>broach</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Broached; in a condition for letting out or yielding liquor, as a cask which is tapped.</def>

<blockquote>Hogsheads of ale were set <b>abroach</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: In a state to be diffused or propagated; afoot; astir.</def> "Mischiefs that I set <i>abroach</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Abroad</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*broad"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>broad</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At large; widely; broadly; over a wide space; <as>as, a tree spreads its branches <ex>abroad</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The fox roams far <b>abroad</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without a certain confine; outside the house; away from one's abode; <as>as, to walk <ex>abroad</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>I went to St. James', where another was preaching in the court <b>abroad</b>.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign countries; <as>as, we have broils at home and enemies <ex>abroad</ex></as>.</def> "Another prince . . . was living <i>abroad</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Before the public at large; throughout society or the world; here and there; widely.</def>

<blockquote>He went out, and began to publish it much, and to blaze <b>abroad</b> the matter.
<i>Mark i. 45.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To be abroad</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To be wide of the mark; to be at fault; as, you <i>are all abroad<i> in your guess. <sd>(b)</sd> To be at a loss or nonplused.</cd></cs>

<h1>Abrogable</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>Ab"ro*ga*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being abrogated.</def>

<h1>Abrogate</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>Ab"ro*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abrogatus</ets>, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>p</ets>.]</ety> <def>Abrogated; abolished.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Abrogate</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>Ab"ro*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abrogated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abrogating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abrogatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abrogare</ets>; <ets>ab + rogare</ets> to ask, require, propose. See <er>Rogation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To annul by an authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of the maker or his successor; to repeal; -- applied to the repeal of laws, decrees, ordinances, the abolition of customs, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Let us see whether the New Testament <b>abrogates</b> what we so frequently see in the Old.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whose laws, like those of the Medes and Persian, they can not alter or <b>abrogate</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put an end to; to do away with.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To abolish; annul; do away; set aside; revoke; repeal; cancel; annihilate. See <er>Abolish</er>.</syn>

<h1>Abrogation</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>Ab`ro*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abrogatio</ets>, fr. <ets>abrogare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abrogation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of abrogating; repeal by authority.</def>

<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abrogative</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>Ab"ro*ga*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending or designed to abrogate; <as>as, an <ex>abrogative</ex> law</as>.</def>

<h1>Abrogator</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>Ab"ro*ga`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who repeals by authority.</def>

<h1>Abrood</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*brood"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>brood</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the act of brooding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Abp. Sancroft.</i>

<h1>Abrook</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>A*brook"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>brook</ets>, v.]</ety> <def>To brook; to endure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Abrupt</h1>
<Xpage=6>

<hw>Ab*rupt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abruptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abrumpere</ets> to break off; <ets>ab + rumpere</ets> to break. See <er>Rupture</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Broken off; very steep, or craggy, as rocks, precipices, banks; precipitous; steep; <as>as, <ex>abrupt</ex> places</as>.</def> "Tumbling through ricks <i>abrupt</i>,"

<i>Thomson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious.</def> "The cause of your <i>abrupt</i> departure."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having sudden transitions from one subject to another; unconnected.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>abrupt</b> style, which hath many breaches.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="7">
Page 7<p>

<-- end of search for ? marks 11-30-94 -->

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Suddenly terminating, as if cut off.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Sudden; unexpected; hasty; rough; curt; unceremonious; rugged; blunt; disconnected; broken.</syn>

<h1>Abrupt</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*rupt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abruptum</ets>.]</ety> <def>An abrupt place.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark> <blockquote>"Over the vast <i>abrupt</i>."
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abrupt</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*rupt"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tear off or asunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Till death <i>abrupts</i> them."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Abruption</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*rup"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abruptio</ets>, fr. <ets>abrumpere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abruption</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sudden breaking off; a violent separation of bodies.</def>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Abruptly</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*rupt"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an abrupt manner; without giving notice, or without the usual forms; suddenly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Precipitously.</def>

<cs><col>Abruptly pinnate</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>pinnate without an odd leaflet, or other appendage, at the end.</cd></cs>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Abruptness</h1>
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<hw>Ab*rupt"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being abrupt or broken; craggedness; ruggedness; steepness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suddenness; unceremonious haste or vehemence; <as>as, <ex>abruptness</ex> of style or manner</as>.</def>

<h1>Abscess</h1>
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<hw>Ab"scess</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abscesses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>abscessus</ets> a going away, gathering of humors, abscess, fr. <ets>abscessus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>absedere</ets> to go away; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs</ets> + <ets>cedere</ets> to go off, retire. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A collection of pus or purulent matter in any tissue or organ of the body, the result of a morbid process.</def>

<cs><col>Cold abscess</col>, <cd>an abscess of slow formation, unattended with the pain and heat characteristic of ordinary abscesses, and lasting for years without exhibiting any tendency towards healing; a chronic abscess.</cd></cs>

<h1>Abscession</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sces"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abscessio</ets> a separation; fr. <ets>absedere</ets>. See <er>Abscess</er>.]</ety> <def>A separating; removal; also, an abscess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gauden. Barrough.</i>

<h1>Abscind</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scind"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absindere</ets>; <ets>ab + scindere</ets> to rend, cut. See <er>Schism</er>.]</ety> <def>To cut off.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Two syllables . . . <i>abscinded</i> from the rest."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Abscision</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sci"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abscisio</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Abscission</er>.</def>

<h1>Absciss</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sciss</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abscisses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>See <er>Abscissa</er>.</def>

<h1>Abscissa</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scis"sa</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>E. pl. <plw>Abscissas</plw>, L. pl. <plw>Absciss\'91</plw></plu>. <ety>[L., fem. of <ets>abscissus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>absindere</ets> to cut of. See <er>Abscind</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>One of the elements of reference by which a point, as of a curve, is referred to a system of fixed rectilineal co\'94rdinate axes.</def><note> When referred to two intersecting axes, one of them called the axis of abscissas, or of X, and the other the axis of ordinates, or of Y, the <i>abscissa</i> of the point is the distance cut off from the axis of X by a line drawn through it and parallel to the axis of Y. When a point in space is referred to three axes having a common intersection, the <i>abscissa</i> may be the distance measured parallel to either of them, from the point to the plane of the other two axes. Abscissas and ordinates taken together are called co\'94rdinates. -- OX or PY is the <i>abscissa</i> of the point P of the curve, OY or PX its ordinate, the intersecting lines OX and OY being the axes of abscissas and ordinates respectively, and the point O their origin.</note>

<h1>Abscission</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scis"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abscissio</ets>. See <er>Abscind</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of cutting off.</def> "Not to be cured without the <i>abscission</i> of a member."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being cut off.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech employed when a speaker having begun to say a thing stops abruptly: thus, "He is a man of so much honor and candor, and of such generosity -- but I need say no more."</def>

<h1>Abscond</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scond"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Absconded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Absconding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abscondere</ets> to hide; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs + condere</ets> to lay up; <ets>con + d\'ddre</ets> (only in comp.) to put. Cf. <er>Do</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hide, withdraw, or be concealed.</def>

<blockquote>The marmot <b>absconds</b> all winter.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To depart clandestinely; to steal off and secrete one's self; -- used especially of persons who withdraw to avoid a legal process; <as>as, an <ex>absconding</ex> debtor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That very homesickness which, in regular armies, drives so many recruits to <b>abscond</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abscond</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scond"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To hide; to conceal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Abscondence</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scond"ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fugitive concealment; secret retirement; hiding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Phillips.</i>

<h1>Absconder</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scond"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who absconds.</def>

<h1>Absence</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>absentia</ets>. See <er>Absent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A state of being absent or withdrawn from a place or from companionship; -- opposed to <i>presence</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Not as in my presence only, but now much more in my <b>absence</b>.
<i>Phil. ii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Want; destitution; withdrawal.</def>  "In the <i>absence</i> of conventional law."

<i>Kent.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Inattention to things present; abstraction (of mind); <as>as, <ex>absence</ex> of mind</as>.</def> "Reflecting on the little <i>absences</i> and distractions of mankind."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>To conquer that abstraction which is called <b>absence</b>.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Absent</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>absens</ets>, <ets>absentis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>abesse</ets> to be away from; <ets>ab + esse</ets> to be. Cf. <er>Sooth</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being away from a place; withdrawn from a place; not present.</def> "Expecting <i>absent</i> friends."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not existing; lacking; <as>as, the part was rudimental or <ex>absent</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded; preoccupied; <as>as, an <ex>absent</ex> air</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What is commonly called an <b>absent</b> man is commonly either a very weak or a very affected man.
<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Absent</er>, <er>Abstracted</er>.</syn> <usage> These words both imply a want of attention to surrounding objects. We speak of a man as <i>absent</i> when his thoughts wander unconsciously from present scenes or topics of discourse; we speak of him as <i>abstracted</i> when his mind (usually for a brief period) is drawn off from present things by some weighty matter for reflection. <i>Absence</i> of mind is usually the result of loose habits of thought; <i>abstraction</i> commonly arises either from engrossing interests and cares, or from unfortunate habits of association.</usage>

<h1>Absent</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sent"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Absented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Absenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>absenter</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take or withdraw (one's self) to such a distance as to prevent intercourse; -- used with the reflexive pronoun.</def>

<blockquote>If after due summons any member <b>absents</b> himself, he is to be fined.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To withhold from being present.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Go; for thy stay, not free, <i>absents</i> thee more."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Absentaneous</h1>
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<hw>Ab`sen*ta"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>absentaneus</ets>. See <er>absent</er>]</ety> <def>Pertaining to absence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Absentation</h1>
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<hw>Ab`sen*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of absenting one's self.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Absentee</h1>
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<hw>Ab`sen*tee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who absents himself from his country, office, post, or duty; especially, a landholder who lives in another country or district than that where his estate is situated; <as>as, an Irish <ex>absentee</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Absenteeism</h1>
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<hw>Ab`sen*tee"ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or practice of an absentee; esp. the practice of absenting one's self from the country or district where one's estate is situated.</def>

<h1>Absenter</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sent"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who absents one's self.</def>

<h1>Absently</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sent*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an absent or abstracted manner.</def>

<h1>Absentment</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sent"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being absent; withdrawal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Absent-minded</h1>
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<hw>Ab`sent-mind"ed</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Absent in mind; abstracted; preoccupied.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ab`sent-mind"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Ab`sent-mind"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Absentness</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sent*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being absent-minded.</def>

<i>H. Miller.</i>

<h1>Absey-book</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sey-book`</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An A-B-C book; a primer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Absinthate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sin"thate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combination of absinthic acid with a base or positive radical.</def>

<h1>Absinth, Absinthe</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ab"sinth`</hw>, <hw>Ab"sinthe`</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>absinthe</ets>. See <er>Absinthium</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The plant absinthium or common wormwood.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A strong spirituous liqueur made from wormwood and brandy or alcohol.</def>

<h1>Absinthial</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sin"thi*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to wormwood; absinthian.</def>

<h1>Absinthian</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sin"thi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Of the nature of wormwood.</def> "<i>Absinthian</i> bitterness."

<i>T. Randolph.</i>

<h1>Absinthiate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sin"thi*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>absinthium</ets>: cf. L. <ets>absinthiatus</ets>, a.]</ety> <def>To impregnate with wormwood.</def>

<h1>Absinthiated</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sin"thi*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Impregnated with wormwood; <as>as, <ex>absinthiated</ex> wine</as>.</def>

<h1>Absinthic</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sin"thic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Relating to the common wormwood or to an acid obtained from it.</def>

<h1>Absinthin</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sin"thin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The bitter principle of wormwood <spn>(Artemisia absinthium)</spn>.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Absinthism</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sin*thism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being poisoned by the excessive use of absinth.</def>

<h1>Absinthium</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sin"thi*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common wormwood <spn>(Artemisia absinthium)</spn>, an intensely bitter plant, used as a tonic and for making the oil of wormwood.</def>

<h1>Absis</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Apsis</er>.</def>

<h1>Absist</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sist"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absistere</ets>, p. pr. <ets>absistens</ets>; <ets>ab + sistere</ets> to stand, causal of <ets>stare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To stand apart from; top leave off; to desist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Absistence</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sist"ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A standing aloof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Absolute</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lute</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absolutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>absolvere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>absolu</ets>. See <er>Absolve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Loosed from any limitation or condition; uncontrolled; unrestricted; unconditional; <as>as, <ex>absolute</ex> authority, monarchy, sovereignty, an <ex>absolute</ex> promise or command; <ex>absolute</ex> power; an <ex>absolute</ex> monarch.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Complete in itself; perfect; consummate; faultless; <as>as, <ex>absolute</ex> perfection; <ex>absolute</ex> beauty.</as></def>

<blockquote>So <b>absolute</b> she seems,
And in herself complete.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Viewed apart from modifying influences or without comparison with other objects; actual; real; -- opposed to <contr>relative</contr> and <contr>comparative</contr>; <as>as, <ex>absolute</ex> motion; <ex>absolute</ex> time or space.</as></def>

<note><i>Absolute</i> rights and duties are such as pertain to man in a state of nature as contradistinguished from <i>relative</i> rights and duties, or such as pertain to him in his social relations.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Loosed from, or unconnected by, dependence on any other being; self-existent; self-sufficing.</def>

<note>&hand; In this sense God is called <i>the Absolute</i> by the Theist. The term is also applied by the Pantheist to the universe, or the total of all existence, as only capable of relations in its parts to each other and to the whole, and as dependent for its existence and its phenomena on its mutually depending forces and their laws.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Capable of being thought or conceived by itself alone; unconditioned; non-relative.</def>

<note>&hand; It is in dispute among philosopher whether the term, in this sense, is not applied to a mere logical fiction or abstraction, or whether <i>the absolute</i>, as thus defined, can be known, as a reality, by the human intellect.</note>

<blockquote>To Cusa we can indeed articulately trace, word and thing, the recent philosophy of <b>the absolute</b>.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Positive; clear; certain; not doubtful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I am <b>absolute</b> 't was very Cloten.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Authoritative; peremptory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The peddler stopped, and tapped her on the head,
With <b>absolute</b> forefinger, brown and ringed.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pure; unmixed; <as>as, <ex>absolute</ex> alcohol</as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Not immediately dependent on the other parts of the sentence in government; <as>as, the case <ex>absolute</ex></as>. See <cref>Ablative absolute</cref>, under <er>Ablative</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Absolute curvature</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>that curvature of a curve of double curvature, which is measured in the osculating plane of the curve.</cd> -- <col>Absolute equation</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the sum of the optic and eccentric equations.</cd> -- <col>Absolute space</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>space considered without relation to material limits or objects.</cd> -- <col>Absolute terms</col>. <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>such as are known, or which do not contain the unknown quantity.</cd> <i>Davies & Peck</i>. -- <col>Absolute temperature</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the temperature as measured on a scale determined by certain general thermo-dynamic principles, and reckoned from the absolute zero.</cd> -- <col>Absolute zero</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the be ginning, or zero point, in the scale of absolute temperature. It is equivalent to -273&deg; centigrade or -459.4&deg; Fahrenheit.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Positive; peremptory; certain; unconditional; unlimited; unrestricted; unqualified; arbitrary; despotic; autocratic.</syn>

<h1>Absolute</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lute</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>In a plane, the two imaginary circular points at infinity; in space of three dimensions, the imaginary circle at infinity.</def>

<h1>Absolutely</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lute*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an absolute, independent, or unconditional manner; wholly; positively.</def>

<h1>Absoluteness</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lute*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being absolute; independence of everything extraneous; unlimitedness; absolute power; independent reality; positiveness.</def>

<h1>Absolution</h1>
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<hw>Ab`so*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>absolution</ets>, L. <ets>absolutio</ets>, fr. <ets>absolvere</ets> to absolve. See <er>Absolve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An absolving, or setting free from guilt, sin, or penalty; forgiveness of an offense.</def> "Government . . . granting <i>absolution</i> to the nation."

<i>Froude.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>An acquittal, or sentence of a judge declaring and accused person innocent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The exercise of priestly jurisdiction in the sacrament of penance, by which Catholics believe the sins of the truly penitent are forgiven.</def>

<note>&hand; In the English and other Protestant churches, this act regarded as simply declaratory, not as imparting forgiveness.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An absolving from ecclesiastical penalties, -- for example, excommunication.</def>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The form of words by which a penitent is absolved.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Delivery, in speech.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<cs><col>Absolution day</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>Tuesday before Easter.</cd></cs>

<h1>Absolutism</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lu`tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being absolute; the system or doctrine of the absolute; the principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary government; despotism.</def>

<blockquote>The element of <b>absolutism</b> and prelacy was controlling.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Doctrine of absolute decrees.</def>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Absolutist</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lu`tist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is in favor of an absolute or autocratic government.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>One who believes that it is possible to realize a cognition or concept of <i>the absolute</i>.</def>

<i>Sir. W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Absolutist</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lu`tist</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to absolutism; arbitrary; despotic; <as>as, <ex>absolutist</ex> principles</as>.</def>

<h1>Absolutistic</h1>
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<hw>Ab`so*lu*tis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to absolutism; absolutist.</def>

<h1>Absolutory</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sol"u*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absolutorius</ets>, fr. <ets>absolvere</ets> to absolve.]</ety> <def>Serving to absolve; absolving.</def> "An absolutory sentence."

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Absolvable</h1>
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<hw>Ab*solv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be absolved.</def>

<h1>Absolvatory</h1>
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<hw>Ab*solv"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Conferring absolution; absolutory.</def>

<h1>Absolve</h1>
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<hw>Ab*solve"</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Absolved</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Absolving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>absolvere</ets> to set free, to absolve; <ets>ab + solvere</ets> to loose. See <er>Assoil</er>, <er>Solve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set free, or release, as from some obligation, debt, or responsibility, or from the consequences of guilt or such ties as it would be sin or guilt to violate; to pronounce free; <as>as, to <ex>absolve</ex> a subject from his allegiance; to <ex>absolve</ex> an offender, which amounts to an acquittal and remission of his punishment.</as></def>

<blockquote>Halifax was <b>absolved</b> by a majority of fourteen.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To free from a penalty; to pardon; to remit (a sin); -- said of the sin or guilt.</def>

<blockquote>In his name I <b>absolve</b> your perjury.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To finish; to accomplish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The work begun, how soon <b>absolved</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To resolve or explain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "We shall not <i>absolve</i> the doubt."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Absolve</er>, <er>Exonerate</er>, <er>Acquit</er>.</syn> <usage> We speak of a man as <i>absolved</i> from something that binds his conscience, or involves the charge of wrongdoing; as, to <i>absolve</i> from allegiance or from the obligation of an oath, or a promise. We speak of a person as <i>exonerated</i>, when he is released from some burden which had rested upon him; as, to <i>exonerate</i> from suspicion, to <i>exonerate</i> from blame or odium. It implies a purely moral acquittal. We speak of a person as <i>acquitted</i>, when a decision has been made in his favor with reference to a specific charge, either by a jury or by disinterested persons; as, he was <i>acquitted</i> of all participation in the crime.</usage>

<h1>Absolvent</h1>
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<hw>Ab*solv"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absolvens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>absolvere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Absolving.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Absolvent</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*solv"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An absolver.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hobbes.</i>

<h1>Absolver</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*solv"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who absolves.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Absonant</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*nant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab + sonans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>sonare</ets> to sound.]</ety> <def>Discordant; contrary; -- opposed to <i>consonant</i>.</def> "<i>Absonant</i> to nature."

<i>Quarles.</i>

<h1>Absonous</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absonus</ets>; <ets>ab + sonus</ets> sound.]</ety> <def>Discordant; inharmonious; incongruous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Absonous</i> to our reason."

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Absorb</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Absorbed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Absorbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>absorbere</ets>; <ets>ab + sorbere</ets> to suck in, akin to Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>absorber</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To swallow up; to engulf; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing up; to use up; to include.</def> "Dark oblivion soon <i>absorbs</i> them all."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>The large cities <b>absorb</b> the wealth and fashion.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To suck up; to drink in; to imbibe; as a sponge or as the lacteals of the body.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To engross or engage wholly; to occupy fully; <as>as, <ex>absorbed</ex> in study or the pursuit of wealth</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To take up by cohesive, chemical, or any molecular action, as when charcoal <i>absorbs</i> gases. So heat, light, and electricity are <i>absorbed</i> or taken up in the substances into which they pass.</def>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<i>p. 8</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Absorb</er>, <er>Engross</er>, <er>Swallow up</er>, <er>Engulf</er>.</syn> <usage> These words agree in one general idea, that of <i>completely taking up</i>. They are chiefly used in a figurative sense and may be distinguished by a reference to their etymology. We speak of a person as <i>absorbed</i> (lit., drawn in, swallowed up) in study or some other employment of the highest interest. We speak of a person as <i>ebgrossed</i> (lit., seized upon in the <i>gross</i>, or wholly) by something which occupies his whole time and thoughts, as the acquisition of wealth, or the attainment of honor. We speak of a person (under a stronger image) as <i>swallowed up</i> and lost in that which completely occupies his thoughts and feelings, as in grief at the death of a friend, or in the multiplied cares of life. We speak of a person as <i>engulfed</i> in that which (like a gulf) takes in all his hopes and interests; as, <i>engulfed</i> in misery, ruin, etc.</usage>

<blockquote>That grave question which had begun to <b>absorb</b> the Christian mind -- the marriage of the clergy.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Too long hath love <b>engrossed</b> Britannia's stage,
And sunk to softness all our tragic rage.
<i>Tickell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Should not the sad occasion <b>swallow up</b>
My other cares?
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And in destruction's river
<b>Engulf</b> and swallow those.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Absorbability</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*sorb`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being absorbable.</def>

<i> Graham (Chemistry).</i>

<h1>Absorbable</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb"a*ble</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>absorbable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being absorbed or swallowed up.</def>

<i>Kerr.</i>

<h1>Absorbedly</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner as if wholly engrossed or engaged.</def>

<h1>Absorbency</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*sorb"en*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Absorptiveness.</def>

<h1>Absorbent</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*sorb"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absorbens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>absorbere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Absorbing; swallowing; absorptive.</def>

<cs><col>Absorbent ground</col> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>, <cd>a ground prepared for a picture, chiefly with distemper, or water colors, by which the oil is absorbed, and a brilliancy is imparted to the colors.</cd></cs>

<h1>Absorbent</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything which absorbs.</def>

<blockquote>The ocean, itself a bad <b>absorbent</b> of heat.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any substance which absorbs and neutralizes acid fluid in the stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, etc.; also a substance e. g., iodine) which acts on the absorbent vessels so as to reduce enlarged and indurated parts.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The vessels by which the processes of absorption are carried on, as the lymphatics in animals, the extremities of the roots in plants.</def>

<h1>Absorber</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*sorb"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, absorbs.</def>

<h1>Absorbing</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*sorb"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Swallowing, engrossing; <as>as, an <ex>absorbing</ex> pursuit</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ab*sorb"ing</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Absorbition</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab`sor*bi"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Absorption.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Absorpt</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*sorpt`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absorptus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Absorbed.</def> <mark>[Arcahic.]</mark> "<i>Absorpt</i> in care."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Absorption</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*sorp"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absorptio</ets>, fr. <ets>absorbere</ets>. See <er>Absorb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of absorbing or sucking in anything, or of being absorbed and made to disappear; <as>as, the <ex>absorption</ex> of bodies in a whirlpool, the <ex>absorption</ex> of a smaller tribe into a larger</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem. & Physics)</fld> <def>An imbibing or reception by molecular or chemical action; <as>as, the <ex>absorption</ex> of light, heat, electricity, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>In living organisms, the process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and organs.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Entire engrossment or occupation of the mind; <as>as, <ex>absorption</ex> in some employment</as>.</def>

<h1>Absorptive</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*sorp"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def> Having power, capacity, or tendency to absorb or imbibe.</def>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Absorptiveness</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*sorp"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being absorptive; absorptive power.</def>

<h1>Absorptivity</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab`sorp*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Absorptiveness.</def>

<h1>Absquatulate</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*squat"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take one's self off; to decamp.</def> <mark>[A jocular word. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Absque hoc</h1>
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<hw>Abs"que hoc</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><def>. <ety>[L., without this.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> The technical words of denial used in traversing what has been alleged, and is repeated.</def>

<h1>Abstain</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stain"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abstained</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abstaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>absteynen</ets>, <ets>abstenen</ets>, OF. <ets>astenir</ets>, <ets>abstenir</ets>, F. <ets>abstenir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>abstinere</ets>, <ets>abstentum</ets>, v. t. & v. i., to keep from; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs + tenere</ets> to hold. See <er>Tenable</er>.]</ety> <def>To hold one's self aloof; to forbear or refrain voluntarily, and especially from an indulgence of the passions or appetites; -- with <i>from</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Not a few <b>abstained</b> from voting.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who <b>abstains</b> from meat that is not gaunt?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To refrain; forbear; withhold; deny one's self; give up; relinquish.</syn>

<h1>Abstain</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*stain"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To hinder; to withhold.</def>

<blockquote>Whether he <b>abstain</b> men from marrying.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abstainer</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stain"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abstains; esp., one who abstains from the use of intoxicating liquors.</def>

<h1>Abstemious</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ste"mi*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abstemius</ets>; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs</ets> + root of <ets>temetum</ets> intoxicating drink.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abstaining from wine.</def> <mark>[Orig. Latin sense.]</mark>

<blockquote>Under his special eye
<b>Abstemious</b> I grew up and thrived amain.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sparing in diet; refraining from a free use of food and strong drinks; temperate; abstinent; sparing in the indulgence of the appetite or passions.</def>

<blockquote>Instances of longevity are chiefly among the <b>abstemious</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sparingly used; used with temperance or moderation; <as>as, an <ex>abstemious</ex> diet</as>.</def>

<i>Gibbon.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Marked by, or spent in, abstinence; <as>as, an <ex>abstemious</ex> life</as>.</def> "One <i>abstemious</i> day."

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Promotive of abstemiousness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Such is the virtue of the <b>abstemious</b> well.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abstemiousness</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*ste"mi*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being abstemious, temperate, or sparing in the use of food and strong drinks. It expresses a greater degree of abstinence than <i>temperance</i>.</def>

<h1>Abstention</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sten"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Abstain</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of abstaining; a holding aloof.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Abstentious</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sten"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by abstinence; self-restraining.</def>

<i>Farrar.</i>

<h1>Absterge</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sterge</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abstergere</ets>, <ets>abstersum</ets>; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs + tergere</ets> to wipe. Cf. F <ets>absterger</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make clean by wiping; to wipe away; to cleanse; hence, to purge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Quincy.</i>

<h1>Abstergent</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ster"gent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abstergens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>abstergere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to cleanse, detergent.</def>

<h1>Abstergent</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ster"gent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A substance used in cleansing; a detergent; <as>as, soap is an <ex>abstergent</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Absterse</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sterse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To absterge; to cleanse; to purge away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Abstersion</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ster"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abstersion</ets>. See <er>Absterge</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of wiping clean; a cleansing; a purging.</def>

<blockquote>The task of ablution and <b>abstersion</b> being performed.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abstersive</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ster"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abstersif</ets>. See <er>Absterge</er>.]</ety> <def>Cleansing; purging.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Abstersive</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*ster"sive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something cleansing.</def>

<blockquote>The strong <b>abstersive</b> of some heroic magistrate.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abstersiveness</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ster"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being abstersive.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Abstinence</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab"sti*nence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abstinence</ets>, L. <ets>abstinentia</ets>, fr. <ets>abstinere</ets>. See <er>Abstain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of abstaining; voluntary forbearance of any action, especially the refraining from an indulgence of appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal or sensual propensities. Specifically, the practice of abstaining from intoxicating beverages, -- called also <altname>total abstinence</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>abstinence</b> from a present pleasure that offers itself is a pain, nay, oftentimes, a very great one.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The practice of self-denial by depriving one's self of certain kinds of food or drink, especially of meat.</def>

<blockquote>Penance, fasts, and <b>abstinence</b>,
To punish bodies for the soul's offense.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abstinency</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sti*nen*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abstinence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Abstinent</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab"sti*nent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abstinent</ets>, L. <ets>abstinens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>abstinere</ets>. See <er>Abstain</er>.]</ety> <def>Refraining from indulgence, especially from the indulgence of appetite; abstemious; continent; temperate.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Abstinent</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab"sti*nent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who abstains.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect who appeared in France and Spain in the 3d century.</def>

<h1>Abstinently</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sti*nent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With abstinence.</def>

<h1>Abstorted</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stort"ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[As if fr. <ets>abstort</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs + tortus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>torquere</ets> to twist.]</ety> <def>Wrested away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Abstract</h1>
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<hw>Ab"stract`</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abstractus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abstrahere</ets> to draw from, separate; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs + trahere</ets> to draw. See <er>Trace</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Withdraw; separate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The more <b>abstract</b> . . . we are from the body.
<i>Norris.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Considered apart from any application to a particular object; separated from matter; exiting in the mind only; <as>as, <ex>abstract</ex> truth, <ex>abstract</ex> numbers</as>. Hence: ideal; abstruse; difficult.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Expressing a particular property of an object viewed apart from the other properties which constitute it; -- opposed to <ant>concrete</ant>; <as>as, honesty is an <ex>abstract</ex> word</as>.</def> <i>J. S. Mill</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Resulting from the mental faculty of abstraction; general as opposed to particular; <as>as, "reptile" is an <ex>abstract</ex> or general name</as>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an <b>abstract</b> name which stands for an attribute of a thing. A practice has grown up in more modern times, which, if not introduced by Locke, has gained currency from his example, of applying the expression "<b>abstract</b> name" to all names which are the result of abstraction and generalization, and consequently to all general names, instead of confining it to the names of attributes.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Abstracted; absent in mind.</def> "<i>Abstract</i>, as in a trance."

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>An abstract idea</col> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld>, <cd>an idea separated from a complex object, or from other ideas which naturally accompany it; as the solidity of marble when contemplated apart from its color or figure.</cd> -- <col>Abstract terms</col>, <cd>those which express abstract ideas, as beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any object in which they exist; or <i>abstract terms<i> are the names of orders, genera or species of things, in which there is a combination of similar qualities.</cd> -- <col>Abstract numbers</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>numbers used without application to things, as 6, 8, 10; but when applied to any thing, as 6 feet, 10 men, they become concrete.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Abstract</col> &or; <col>Pure mathematics</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Mathematics</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Abstract</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*stract"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abstracted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abstracting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Abstract</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To withdraw; to separate; to take away.</def>

<blockquote>He was incapable of forming any opinion or resolution <b>abstracted</b> from his own prejudices.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw off in respect to interest or attention; <as>as, his was wholly <ex>abstracted</ex> by other objects</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The young stranger had been <b>abstracted</b> and silent.
<i>Blackw. Mag.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To separate, as ideas, by the operation of the mind; to consider by itself; to contemplate separately, as a quality or attribute.</def>

<i>Whately.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To epitomize; to abridge.</def>

<i>Franklin.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To take secretly or dishonestly; to purloin; <as>as, to <ex>abstract</ex> goods from a parcel, or money from a till</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Von Rosen had quietly <b>abstracted</b> the bearing-reins from the harness.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To separate, as the more volatile or soluble parts of a substance, by distillation or other chemical processes. In this sense <i>extract</i> is now more generally used.</def>

<h1>Abstract</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*stract"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To perform the process of abstraction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I own myself able to <b>abstract</b> in one sense.
<i>Berkeley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abstract</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab"stract`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Abstract</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which comprises or concentrates in itself the essential qualities of a larger thing or of several things. Specifically: A summary or an epitome, as of a treatise or book, or of a statement; a brief.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>abstract</b> of every treatise he had read.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Man, the <b>abstract</b>
Of all perfection, which the workmanship
Of Heaven hath modeled.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of separation from other things; <as>as, to consider a subject in the <ex>abstract</ex>, or apart from other associated things</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An abstract term.</def>

<blockquote>The concretes "father" and "son" have, or might have, the <b>abstracts</b> "paternity" and "filiety."
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A powdered solid extract of a vegetable substance mixed with sugar of milk in such proportion that one part of the abstract represents two parts of the original substance.</def>

<cs><col>Abstract of title</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an epitome of the evidences of ownership.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Abridgment; compendium; epitome; synopsis. See <er>Abridgment</er>.</syn>

<h1>Abstracted</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stract"ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Separated or disconnected; withdrawn; removed; apart.</def>

<blockquote>The evil <b>abstracted</b> stood from his own evil.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Separated from matter; abstract; ideal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Abstract; abstruse; difficult.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Inattentive to surrounding objects; absent in mind.</def> "An <i>abstracted</i> scholar."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Abstractedly</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stract"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abstracted manner; separately; with absence of mind.</def>

<h1>Abstractedness</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stract"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being abstracted; abstract character.</def>

<h1>Abstracter</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stract"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abstracts, or makes an abstract.</def>

<h1>Abstraction</h1>
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<hw>Ab*strac"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abstraction</ets>. See <er>Abstract</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of abstracting, separating, or withdrawing, or the state of being withdrawn; withdrawal.</def>

<blockquote>A wrongful <b>abstraction</b> of wealth from certain members of the community.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The act process of leaving out of consideration one or more properties of a complex object so as to attend to others; analysis. Thus, when the mind considers the form of a tree by itself, or the color of the leaves as separate from their size or figure, the act is called <i>abstraction</i>. So, also, when it considers <i>whiteness</i>, <i>softness</i>, <i>virtue</i>, <i>existence</i>, as separate from any particular objects.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Abstraction</i> is necessary to classification, by which things are arranged in genera and species. We separate in idea the qualities of certain objects, which are of the same kind, from others which are different, in each, and arrange the objects having the same properties in a class, or collected body.</note>

<blockquote><b>Abstraction</b> is no positive act: it is simply the negative of attention.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An idea or notion of an abstract, or theoretical nature; <as>as, to fight for mere <ex>abstractions</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A separation from worldly objects; a recluse life; <as>as, a hermit's <ex>abstraction</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Absence or absorption of mind; inattention to present objects.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The taking surreptitiously for one's own use part of the property of another; purloining.</def> <mark>[Modern]</mark>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A separation of volatile parts by the act of distillation.</def>

<i>Nicholson.</i>

<h1>Abstractional</h1>
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<hw>Ab*strac"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to abstraction.</def>

<h1>Abstractionist</h1>
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<hw>Ab*strac"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An idealist.</def>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Abstractitious</h1>
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<hw>Ab`strac*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Obtained from plants by distillation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Abstractive</h1>
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<hw>Ab*strac"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abstractif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the power of abstracting; of an abstracting nature.</def> "The <i>abstractive</i> faculty."

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Abstractively</h1>
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<hw>Ab*strac"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a abstract manner; separately; in or by itself.</def>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Abstractiveness</h1>
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<hw>Ab*strac"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being abstractive; abstractive property.</def>

<h1>Abstractly</h1>
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<hw>Ab"stract`ly</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abstract state or manner; separately; absolutely; by itself; <as>as, matter <ex>abstractly</ex> considered</as>.</def>

<h1>Abstractness</h1>
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<hw>Ab"stract`ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being abstract.</def> "The <i>abstractness</i> of the ideas."

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Abstringe</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stringe"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L <ets>ab + stringere</ets>, <ets>strictum</ets>, to press together.]</ety> <def>To unbind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Abstrude</h1>
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<hw>Ab*strude"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abstrudere</ets>. See <er>Abstruse</er>.]</ety> <def>To thrust away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Abstruse</h1>
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<hw>Ab*struse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abstrusus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abstrudere</ets> to thrust away, conceal; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs + trudere</ets> to thrust; cf. F. <ets>abstrus</ets>. See <er>Threat</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concealed or hidden out of the way.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The eternal eye whose sight discerns
<b>Abstrusest</b> thoughts.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Remote from apprehension; difficult to be comprehended or understood; recondite; <as>as, <ex>abstruse</ex> learning</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Profound and <b>abstruse</b> topics.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abstrusely</h1>
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<hw>Ab*struse"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abstruse manner.</def>

<h1>Abstruseness</h1>
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<hw>Ab*struse"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being abstruse; difficulty of apprehension.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Abstrusion</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stru"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abstrusio</ets>. See <er>Abstruse</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of thrusting away.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ogilvie.</i>

<h1>Abstrusity</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stru"si*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abstruseness; that which is abstruse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Absume</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sume"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absumere</ets>, <ets>absumptum</ets>; <ets>ab + sumere</ets> to take.]</ety> <def>To consume gradually; to waste away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Absumption</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sump"tion</hw> <tt>(#; 215)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absumptio</ets>. See <er>Absume</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of wasting away; a consuming; extinction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Absurd</h1>
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<hw>Ab*surd"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absurdus</ets> harsh-sounding; <ets>ab</ets> + (prob) a derivative fr. a root <ets>svar</ets> to sound; not connected with <ets>surd</ets>: cf. F. <ets>absurde</ets>. See <er>Syringe</er>.]</ety> <def>Contrary to reason or propriety; obviously and fiatly opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with the plain dictates of common sense; logically contradictory; nonsensical; ridiculous; <as>as, an <ex>absurd</ex> person, an <ex>absurd</ex> opinion; an <ex>absurd</ex> dream.</as></def>

<blockquote>This proffer is <b>absurd</b> and reasonless.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>'This phrase <b>absurd</b> to call a villain great.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<i>p. 9</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Foolish; irrational; ridiculous; preposterous; inconsistent; incongruous.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Absurd</er>, <er>Irrational</er>, <er>Foolish</er>, <er>Preposterous</er>. Of these terms, <i>irrational</i> is the weakest, denoting that which is plainly inconsistent with the dictates of sound reason; as, an <i>irrational</i> course of life. <i>Foolish</i> rises higher, and implies either a perversion of that faculty, or an absolute weakness or fatuity of mind; as, <i>foolish</i> enterprises. <i>Absurd</i> rises still higher, denoting that which is plainly opposed to received notions of propriety and truth; as, an <i>absurd</i> man, project, opinion, story, argument, etc. <i>Preposterous</i> rises still higher, and supposes an absolute <i>inversion</i> in the order of things; or, in plain terms, a "putting of the cart before the horse;" as, a <i>preposterous</i> suggestion, <i>preposterous</i> conduct, a <i>preposterous</i> regulation or law.</usage>

<h1>Absurd</h1>
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<hw>Ab*surd"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An absurdity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Absurdity</h1>
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<hw>Ab*surd"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Absurdities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>absurditas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>absurdite</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment.</def> "The <i>absurdity</i> of the actual idea of an infinite number."

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is absurd; an absurd action; a logical contradiction.</def>

<blockquote>His travels were full of <b>absurdities</b>.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Absurdly</h1>
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<hw>Ab*surd"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an absurd manner.</def>

<h1>Absurdness</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>Ab*surd"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Absurdity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Abuna</h1>
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<hw>A*bu"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Eth. and Ar., our father.]</ety> <def>The Patriarch, or head of the Abyssinian Church.</def>

<h1>Abundance</h1>
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<hw>A*bun"dance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. (<ets>h</ets>)<ets>abudaunce</ets>, <ets>abundance</ets>, F. <ets>abundance</ets>, F. <ets>abondance</ets>, L. <ets>abundantia</ets>, fr. <ets>abundare</ets>. See <er>Abound</er>.]</ety> <def>An overflowing fullness; ample sufficiency; great plenty; profusion; copious supply; superfluity; wealth: -- strictly applicable to quantity only, but sometimes used of number.</def>

<blockquote>It is lamentable to remember what <b>abundance</b> of noble blood hath been shed with small benefit to the Christian state.
<i>Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Exuberance; plenteousness; plenty; copiousness; overflow; riches; affluence; wealth.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Abundance</er>, <er>Plenty</er>, <er>Exuberance</er>. These words rise upon each other in expressing the idea of fullness. <i>Plenty</i> denotes a sufficiency to supply every want; as, <i>plenty</i> of food, <i>plenty</i> of money, etc. <i>Abundance</i> express more, and gives the idea of superfluity or excess; as, <i>abundance</i> of riches, an <i>abundance</i> of wit and humor; often, however, it only denotes plenty in a high degree. <i>Exuberance</i> rises still higher, and implies a bursting forth on every side, producing great superfluity or redundance; as, an <i>exuberance</i> of mirth, an <i>exuberance</i> of animal spirits, etc.</usage>

<h1>Abundant</h1>
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<hw>A*bun"dant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. (<ets>h</ets>)<ets>abundant</ets>, <ets>aboundant</ets>, F. <ets>abondant</ets>, fr. L. <ets>abudans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>abundare</ets>. See <er>Abound</er>.]</ety> <def>Fully sufficient; plentiful; in copious supply; -- followed by <i>in</i>, rarely by <i>with</i>.</def> "<i>Abundant</i> in goodness and truth."

<i>Exod. xxxiv. 6.</i>

<cs><col>Abundant number</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a number, the sum of whose aliquot parts exceeds the number itself. Thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, the aliquot parts of 12, make the number 16. This is opposed to a <i>deficient<i> number, as 14, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2, 7, the sum of which is 10; and to a <i>perfect<i> number, which is equal to the sum of its aliquot parts, as 6, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2., 3.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Ample; plentiful; copious; plenteous; exuberant; overflowing; rich; teeming; profuse; bountiful; liberal. See <er>Ample</er>.</syn>

<h1>Abundantly</h1>
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<hw>A*bun"dant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a sufficient degree; fully; amply; plentifully; in large measure.</def>

<h1>Aburst</h1>
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<hw>A*burst"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>burst</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a bursting condition.</def>

<h1>Abusable</h1>
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<hw>A*bus"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be abused.</def>

<h1>Abusage</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*bus"age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Whately (1634).</i>

<h1>Abuse</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*buse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abused</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abusing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>abuser</ets>; L. <ets>abusus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abuti</ets> to abuse, misuse; <ets>ab + uti</ets> to use. See <er>Use</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put to a wrong use; to misapply; to misuse; to put to a bad use; to use for a wrong purpose or end; to pervert; <as>as, to <ex>abuse</ex> inherited gold</as>; to make an excessive use of; <as>as, to <ex>abuse</ex> one's authority</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This principle (if one may so <b>abuse</b> the word) shoots rapidly into popularity.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To use ill; to maltreat; to act injuriously to; to punish or to tax excessively; to hurt; <as>as, to <ex>abuse</ex> prisoners, to <ex>abuse</ex> one's powers, one's patience</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To revile; to reproach coarsely; to disparage.</def>

<blockquote>The . . . tellers of news <b>abused</b> the general.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To dishonor.</def> "Shall flight <i>abuse</i> your name?"

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To violate; to ravish.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To deceive; to impose on.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Their eyes red and staring, cozened with a moist cloud, and <b>abused</b> by a double object.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To maltreat; injure; revile; reproach; vilify; vituperate; asperse; traduce; malign.</syn>

<h1>Abuse</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*buse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abus</ets>, L. <ets>abusus</ets>, fr. <ets>abuti</ets>. See <er>Abuse</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Improper treatment or use; application to a wrong or bad purpose; misuse; <as>as, an <ex>abuse of our natural powers</ex>; <ex>an abuse</ex> of civil rights, or of privileges or advantages; an <ex>abuse</ex> of language.</as></def>

<blockquote>Liberty may be endangered by the <b>abuses</b> of liberty, as well as by the <b>abuses</b> of power.
<i>Madison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Physical ill treatment; injury.</def> "Rejoice . . . at the <i>abuse</i> of Falstaff."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A corrupt practice or custom; offense; crime; fault; <as>as, the <ex>abuses</ex> in the civil service</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Abuse</b> after disappeared without a struggle..
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Vituperative words; coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; virulent condemnation; reviling.</def>

<blockquote>The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of <b>abuse</b>, came to blows.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Violation; rape; <as>as, <ex>abuse</ex> of a female child</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Or is it some <b>abuse</b>, and no such thing?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Abuse of distress</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a wrongful using of an animal or chattel distrained, by the distrainer.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Invective; contumely; reproach; scurrility; insult; opprobrium.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Abuse</er>, <er>Invective</er>. <i>Abuse</i> is generally prompted by anger, and vented in harsh and unseemly words. It is more personal and coarse than <i>invective</i>. <i>Abuse</i> generally takes place in private quarrels; <i>invective</i> in writing or public discussions. <i>Invective</i> may be conveyed in refined language and dictated by indignation against what is blameworthy.

<i>C. J. Smith.</i>
</usage>

<h1>Abuseful</h1>
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<hw>A*buse"ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of abuse; abusive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Abuseful</i> names."

<i>Bp. Barlow.</i>

<h1>Abuser</h1>
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<hw>A*bus"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abuses [in the various senses of the verb].</def>

<h1>Abusion</h1>
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<hw>A*bu"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>abusion</ets>, <ets>abusioun</ets>, OF. <ets>abusion</ets>, fr. L. <ets>abusio</ets> misuse of words, f. <ets>abuti</ets>. See <er>Abuse</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Evil or corrupt usage; abuse; wrong; reproach; deception; cheat.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Abusive</h1>
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<hw>A*bu"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abusif</ets>, fr. L. <ets>abusivus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wrongly used; perverted; misapplied.</def>

<blockquote>I am . . . necessitated to use the word Parliament improperly, according to the <b>abusive</b> acceptation thereof.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Given to misusing; also, full of abuses.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "The <i>abusive</i> prerogatives of his see."

<i>Hallam.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Practicing abuse; prone to ill treat by coarse, insulting words or by other ill usage; <as>as, an <ex>abusive</ex> author; an <ex>abusive</ex> fellow.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Containing abuse, or serving as the instrument of abuse; vituperative; reproachful; scurrilous.</def> "An <i>abusive</i> lampoon."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Tending to deceive; fraudulent; cheating.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "An <i>abusive</i> treaty."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Reproachful; scurrilous; opprobrious; insolent; insulting; injurious; offensive; reviling.</syn>

<h1>Abusively</h1>
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<hw>A*bu"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abusive manner; rudely; with abusive language.</def>

<h1>Abusiveness</h1>
<Xpage=7>

<hw>A*bu"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being abusive; rudeness of language, or violence to the person.</def>

<blockquote>Pick out mirth, like stones out of thy ground,
Profaneness, filthiness, <b>abusiveness</b>.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abut</h1>
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<hw>A*but"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abutted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abutting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>abouter</ets>, <ets>aboter</ets>; cf. F. <ets>aboutir</ets>, and also <ets>abuter</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>boter</ets>, <ets>buter</ets>, to push: cf. F. <ets>bout</ets> end, and <ets>but</ets> end, purpose.]</ety> <def>To project; to terminate or border; to be contiguous; to meet; -- with <i>on</i>, <i>upon</i>, or <i>against</i>; <as>as, his land <ex>abuts</ex> on the road</as>.</def>

<h1>Abutilon</h1>
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<hw>A*bu"ti*lon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>aub\'d4t\'c6l\'d4n</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of malvaceous plants of many species, found in the torrid and temperate zones of both continents; -- called also <altname>Indian mallow</altname>.</def>

<h1>Abutment</h1>
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<hw>A*but"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>State of abutting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That on or against which a body abuts or presses</def>; as <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The solid part of a pier or wall, etc., which receives the thrust or lateral pressure of an arch, vault, or strut</def>. <i>Gwilt</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(mech.)</fld> <def>A fixed point or surface from which resistance or reaction is obtained, as the cylinder head of a steam engine, the fulcrum of a lever, etc.</def>  <sd>(c)</sd> <def>In breech-loading firearms, the block behind the barrel which receives the pressure due to recoil.</def>

<h1>Abuttal</h1>
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<hw>A*but"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The butting or boundary of land, particularly at the end; a headland.</def>

<i>Spelman.</i>

<h1>Abutter</h1>
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<hw>A*but"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, abuts. Specifically, the owner of a contiguous estate; <as>as, the <ex>abutters</ex> on a street or a river</as>.</def>

<h1>Abuzz</h1>
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<hw>A*buzz"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>buzz</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a buzz; buzzing.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Aby, Abye</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*by"</hw>, <hw>A*bye"</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abought</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'bebycgan</ets> to pay for; pref. <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, Ger. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>bycgan</ets> to buy. See <er>Buy</er>, and cf. <er>Abide</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pay for; to suffer for; to atone for; to make amends for; to give satisfaction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lest to thy peril thou <b>aby</b> it dear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To endure; to abide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>But nought that wanteth rest can long <b>aby</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abysm</h1>
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<hw>A*bysm"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>abisme</ets>; F. <ets>abime</ets>, LL. <ets>abyssimus</ets>, a superl. of L. <ets>abyssus</ets>; Gr. <?/. See <er>Abyss</er>.]</ety> <def>An abyss; a gulf.</def> "The <i>abysm</i> of hell."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Abysmal</h1>
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<hw>A*bys"mal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, an abyss; bottomless; unending; profound.</def>

<blockquote>Geology gives one the same <b>abysmal</b> extent of time that astronomy does of space.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Abysmally</h1>
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<hw>A*bys"mal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>To a fathomless depth; profoundly.</def> "<i>Abysmally</i> ignorant."

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Abyss</h1>
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<hw>A*byss"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abyssus</ets> a bottomless gulf, fr. Gr. <?/ bottomless; <?/ priv. + <?/ depth, bottom.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bottomless or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep, immeasurable, and, specifically, hell, or the bottomless pit.</def>

<blockquote>Ye powers and spirits of this nethermost <b>abyss</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The throne is darkness, in the <b>abyss</b> of light.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Infinite time; a vast intellectual or moral depth.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>abysses</b> of metaphysical theology.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In unfathomable <b>abysses</b> of disgrace.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The center of an escutcheon.</def>

<note>&hand; This word, in its leading uses, is associated with the cosmological notions of the Hebrews, having reference to a supposed illimitable mass of waters from which our earth sprung, and beneath whose profound depths the wicked were punished.</note>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Abyssal</h1>
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<hw>A*byss"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Abysmal</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, an abyss; unfathomable.</def>

<cs><col>Abyssal zone</col> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld>, <cd>one of the belts or zones into which Sir E. Forbes divides the bottom of the sea in describing its plants, animals, etc. It is the one furthest from the shore, embracing all beyond one hundred fathoms deep. Hence, <i>abyssal<i> animals, plants, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Abyssinian</h1>
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<hw>Ab`ys*sin"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Abyssinia.</def>

<cs><col>Abyssinian gold</col>, <cd>an alloy of 90.74 parts of copper and 8.33 parts of zink.</cd></cs>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Abyssinian</h1>
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<hw>Ab`ys*sin"i*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native of Abyssinia.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of the Abyssinian Church.</def>

<h1>Acacia</h1>
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<hw>A*ca"ci*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A roll or bag, filled with dust, borne by Byzantine emperors, as a memento of mortality. It is represented on medals.</def>

<h1>Acacia</h1>
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<hw>A*ca"cia</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Acacias</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Acaci\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. from Gr. <?/; orig. the name of a thorny tree found in Egypt; prob. fr. the root <ets>ak</ets> to be sharp. See <er>Acute</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A genus of leguminous trees and shrubs. Nearly 300 species are Australian or Polynesian, and have terete or vertically compressed leaf stalks, instead of the bipinnate leaves of the much fewer species of America, Africa, etc. Very few are found in temperate climates.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The inspissated juice of several species of acacia; -- called also <altname>gum acacia</altname>, and <altname>gum arabic</altname>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Acacin, Acacine</h1>
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<hw>Ac"a*cin</hw>, <hw>Ac"a*cine</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> Gum arabic.</def>

<h1>Academe</h1>
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<hw>Ac`a*deme"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>academia</ets>. See <er>Academy</er>.]</ety> <def>An academy.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Academial</h1>
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<hw>Ac`a*de"mi*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Academic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Academian</h1>
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<hw>Ac`a*de"mi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A member of an academy, university, or college.</def>

<h1>Academic, Academical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ac`a*dem"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac`a*dem"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>academicus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acad\'82migue</ets>. See <er>Academy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to the school or philosophy of Plato; <as>as, the <ex>Academic</ex> sect or philosophy</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Belonging to an academy or other higher institution of learning; scholarly; literary or classical, in distinction from scientific.</def>  "<i>Academic</i> courses." <i>Warburton</i>. "<i>Academical</i> study." <i>Berkeley</i>.

<h1>Academic</h1>
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<hw>Ac`a*dem"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One holding the philosophy of Socrates and Plato; a Platonist.</def>

<i>Hume.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of an academy, college, or university; an academician.</def>

<h1>Academically</h1>
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<hw>Ac`a*dem`ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an academical manner.</def>

<h1>Academicals</h1>
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<hw>Ac`a*dem"ic*als</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>The articles of dress prescribed and worn at some colleges and universities.</def>

<h1>Academician</h1>
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<hw>Ac`a*de*mi"cian</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>acad\'82micien</ets>. See <er>Academy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A member of an academy, or society for promoting science, art, or literature, as of the French Academy, or the Royal Academy of arts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collegian.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Academicism</h1>
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<hw>Ac`a*dem"i*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tenet of the Academic philosophy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mannerism or mode peculiar to an academy.</def>

<h1>Academism</h1>
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<hw>A*cad"e*mism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrines of the Academic philosophy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Baxter.</i>

<h1>Academist</h1>
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<hw>A*cad"e*mist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>academiste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An Academic philosopher.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An academician.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Academy</h1>
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<hw>A*cad"e*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Academies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>acad\'82mie</ets>, L. <ets>academia</ets>. Cf. <er>Academe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A garden or grove near Athens (so named from the hero <i>Academus</i>), where Plato and his followers held their philosophical conferences; hence, the school of philosophy of which Plato was head.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An institution for the study of higher learning; a college or a university. Popularly, a school, or seminary of learning, holding a rank between a college and a common school.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A place of training; a school.</def> "<i>Academies</i> of fanaticism."

<i>Hume.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A society of learned men united for the advancement of the arts and sciences, and literature, or some particular art or science; <as>as, the French <ex>Academy</ex>; the American <ex>Academy</ex> of Arts and Sciences; <ex>academies</ex> of literature and philology.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A school or place of training in which some special art is taught; <as>as, the military <ex>academy</ex> at West Point; a riding <ex>academy</ex>; the <ex>Academy</ex> of Music.</as></def>

<cs><col>Academy figure</col> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>, <cd>a drawing usually half life-size, in crayon or pencil, after a nude model.</cd></cs>

<h1>Acadian</h1>
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<hw>A*ca"di*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Acadie, or Nova Scotia.</def> "<i>Acadian</i> farmers." <i>Longfellow</i>.  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Acadie.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Acadian epoch</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>an epoch at the beginning of the American paleozoic time, and including the oldest American rocks known to be fossiliferous. See <er>Geology</er>.</cd> -- <col>Acadian owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small North American owl <spn>(Nyctule Acadica)</spn>; the saw-whet.</cd></cs>

<h1>Acajou</h1>
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<hw>Ac"a*jou</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Cashew</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The cashew tree; also, its fruit. See <er>Cashew</er>.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The mahogany tree; also, its timber.</def>

<h1>Acaleph, Acalephan</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ac"a*leph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac`a*le"phan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Acalephs</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <plw>Acalephans</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Acaleph\'91</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Acaleph\'91.</def>

<h1>Acaleph\'91</h1>
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<hw>Ac`a*le"ph\'91</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, a nettle.]</ety> <def>A group of C\'d2lenterata, including the Medus\'91 or jellyfishes, and hydroids; -- so called from the stinging power they possess. Sometimes called <altname>sea nettles</altname>.</def>

<h1>Acalephoid</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ale"phoid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Acaleph</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to or resembling the Acaleph\'91 or jellyfishes.</def>

<mhw><h1>Acalycine, Acalysinous</h1>
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<hw>A*cal"y*cine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac`a*lys`i*nous</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ calyx.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Without a calyx, or outer floral envelope.</def>

<h1>Acanth</h1>
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<hw>A*canth"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Acanthus</er>.</def>

<h1>Acantha</h1>
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<hw>A*can"tha</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thorn, fr. <?/ point. See <er>Acute</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A prickle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spine or prickly fin.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The vertebral column; the spinous process of a vertebra.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Acanthaceous</h1>
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<hw>Ac"an*tha"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Armed with prickles, as a plant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which the acanthus is the type.</def>

<hr>
<page="10">
Page 10<p>

<h1>Acanthine</h1>
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<hw>A*can"thine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acanthinus</ets>, Gr. <?/, thorny, fr. <?/. See <er>Acanthus</er>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the plant acanthus.</def>

<h1>Acanthocarpous</h1>
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<hw>A*can`tho*car"pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thorn + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the fruit covered with spines.</def>

<h1>Acanthocephala</h1>
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<hw>A*can`tho*ceph"a*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a spine, thorn + <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of intestinal worms, having the proboscis armed with recurved spines.</def>

<h1>Acanthocephalous</h1>
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<hw>A*can`tho*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a spiny head, as one of the Acanthocephala.</def>

<h1>Acanthophorous</h1>
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<hw>Ac`an*thoph"o*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ spine + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <def>Spine-bearing.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Acanthopodious</h1>
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<hw>A*can`tho*po"di*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thorn + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having spinous petioles.</def>

<h1>Acanthopteri</h1>
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<hw>Ac`an*thop"ter*i</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ thorn + <?/ wing, fin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of teleostean fishes having spiny fins. See <er>Acanthopterygii</er>.</def>

<h1>Acanthopterous</h1>
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<hw>Ac`an*thop"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ spine + <?/ wing.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Spiny-winged.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Acanthopterygious.</def>

<h1>Acanthopterygian</h1>
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<hw>Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the order of fishes having spinose fins, as the perch.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A spiny-finned fish.</def></def2>

<h1>Acanthopterygii</h1>
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<hw>Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*i</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ thorn + <?/ fin, dim. fr. <?/ wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes having some of the rays of the dorsal, ventral, and anal fins unarticulated and spinelike, as the perch.</def>

<h1>Acanthopterygious</h1>
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<hw>Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having fins in which the rays are hard and spinelike; spiny-finned.</def>

<h1>Acanthus</h1>
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<hw>A*can"thus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Acanthuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>, L. <plw>Acanthi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Acantha</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbaceous prickly plants, found in the south of Europe, Asia Minor, and India; bear's-breech.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament resembling the foliage or leaves of the acanthus <spn>(Acanthus spinosus)</spn>; -- used in the capitals of the Corinthian and Composite orders.</def>

<h1>A cappella</h1>
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<hw>A cap*pel"la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[It. See <er>Chapel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In church or chapel style; -- said of compositions sung in the old church style, without instrumental accompaniment; <as>as, a mass <ex>a capella</ex>, i. e., a mass purely vocal</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A time indication, equivalent to <i>alla breve</i>.</def>

<h1>Acapsular</h1>
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<hw>A*cap"su*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-<ets> not + <ets>capsular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having no capsule.</def>

<h1>Acardiac</h1>
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<hw>A*car"di*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ heart.]</ety> <def>Without a heart; <as>as, an <ex>acardiac</ex> fetus</as>.</def>

<h1>Acaridan</h1>
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<hw>A*car"i*dan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Acarus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group of arachnids, including the mites and ticks.</def>

<h1>Acarina</h1>
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<hw>Ac`a*ri"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a mite.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The group of Arachnida which includes the mites and ticks. Many species are parasitic, and cause diseases like the itch and mange.</def>

<h1>Acarine</h1>
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<hw>Ac"a*rine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or caused by <i>acari</i> or mites; <as>as, <ex>acarine</ex> diseases</as>.</def>

<h1>Acaroid</h1>
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<hw>Ac"a*roid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL., <ets>acarus</ets> a mite + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Shaped like or resembling a mite.</def>

<h1>Acarpellous</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ar*pel"lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-<ets> not + <ets>carpel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having no carpels.</def>

<h1>Acarpous</h1>
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<hw>A*car"pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Not producing fruit; unfruitful.</def>

<h1>Acarus</h1>
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<hw>Ac"a*rus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Acari</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ the cheese mite, tick.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus including many species of small mites.</def>

<h1>Acatalectic</h1>
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<hw>A*cat`a*lec"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acatalecticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, not defective at the end; <?/ priv. + <?/ to cease.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Not defective; complete; <as>as, an <ex>acatalectic</ex> verse</as>.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A verse which has the complete number of feet and syllables.</def></def2>

<h1>Acatalepsy</h1>
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<hw>A*cat"a*lep`sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to seize, comprehend.]</ety> <def>Incomprehensibility of things; the doctrine held by the ancient Skeptic philosophers, that human knowledge never amounts to certainty, but only to probability.</def>

<h1>Acataleptic</h1>
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<hw>A*cat`a*lep"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being comprehended; incomprehensible.</def>

<h1>Acater</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>A*ca"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Caterer</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Acates</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>A*cates"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Cates</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Acaudate</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>A*cau"date</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-<ets> not + <ets>caudate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tailless.</def>

<h1>Acaulescent</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac`au*les"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-<ets> not + <ets>caulescent</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having no stem or caulis, or only a very short one concealed in the ground.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Acauline</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>A*cau"line</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-<ets> not + <ets>cauline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Acaulescent</er>.</def>

<h1>Acaulose, Acaulous</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw><hw>A*cau"lose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*cau"lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ stalk or L. <ets>caulis</ets> stalk. See <er>Cole</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Acaulescent</er>.</def>

<h1>Accadian</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*ca"di*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From the city <ets>Accad</ets>. See Gen. x. 10.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a race supposed to have lived in Babylonia before the Assyrian conquest.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ac*ca"di*an</wf>, <tt>n.</tt>, Ac"cad <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Sayce.</i>

<h1>Accede</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cede"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acceded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acceding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>accedere</ets> to approach, accede; <ets>ad + cedere</ets> to move, yield: cf. F. <ets>acc</ets>\'82<ets>dere</ets>. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To approach; to come forward; -- opposed to <i>recede</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Gale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enter upon an office or dignity; to attain.</def>

<blockquote>Edward IV., who had <b>acceded</b> to the throne in the year 1461.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If Frederick had <b>acceded to the supreme power</b>.
<i>Morley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To become a party by associating one's self with others; to give one's adhesion. Hence, to agree or assent to a proposal or a view; <as>as, he <ex>acceded</ex> to my request</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The treaty of Hanover in 1725 . . . to which the Dutch afterwards <b>acceded</b>.
<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To agree; assent; consent; comply; acquiesce; concur.</syn>

<h1>Accedence</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*ced"ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of acceding.</def>

<h1>Acceder</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*ced"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who accedes.</def>

<h1>Accelerando</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cel`er*an"do</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Gradually accelerating the movement.</def>

<h1>Accelerate</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cel"er*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accelerated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accelerating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>acceleratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accelerare</ets>; <ets>ad + celerare</ets> to hasten; <ets>celer</ets> quick. See <er>Celerity</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to move faster; to quicken the motion of; to add to the speed of; -- opposed to <i>retard</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To quicken the natural or ordinary progression or process of; <as>as, to <ex>accelerate</ex> the growth of a plant, the increase of wealth, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To hasten, as the occurence of an event; <as>as, to <ex>accelerate</ex> our departure</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Accelerated motion</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>motion with a continually increasing velocity.</cd> -- <col>Accelerating force</col>, <cd>the force which causes accelerated motion.</cd></cs>

<i>Nichol.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To hasten; expedite; quicken; dispatch; forward; advance; further.</syn>

<h1>Acceleration</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cel`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acceleratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acc\'82l\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of accelerating, or the state of being accelerated; increase of motion or action; <as>as, a falling body moves toward the earth with an <ex>acceleration</ex> of velocity</as>; -- opposed to <contr>retardation</contr>.</def>

<blockquote>A period of social improvement, or of intellectual advancement, contains within itself a principle of <b>acceleration</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><fld>(Astr. & Physics.)</fld> <col>Acceleration of the moon</col>, <cd>the increase of the moon's mean motion in its orbit, in consequence of which its period of revolution is now shorter than in ancient times.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Acceleration</col> and <col>retardation of the tides</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>Priming of the tides</cref>, under <er>Priming</er>.</cd> -- <col>Diurnal acceleration of the fixed stars</col>, <cd>the amount by which their apparent diurnal motion exceeds that of the sun, in consequence of which they daily come to the meridian of any place about three minutes fifty-six seconds of solar time earlier than on the day preceding.</cd> -- <col>Acceleration of the planets</col>, <cd>the increasing velocity of their motion, in proceeding from the apogee to the perigee of their orbits.</cd></cs>

<h1>Accelerative</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cel"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to acceleration; adding to velocity; quickening.</def>

<i>Reid.</i>

<h1>Accelerator</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cel"er*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, accelerates. Also as an <i>adj</i>.; <as>as, <ex>accelerator</ex> nerves</as>.</def>

<h1>Acceleratory</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cel"er*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Accelerative.</def>

<h1>Accelerograph</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cel"er*o*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Acceler</ets>ate + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for studying the combustion of powder in guns, etc.</def>

<h1>Accelerometer</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cel`er*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Acceler</ets>ate + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An apparatus for measuring the velocity imparted by gunpowder.</def>

<h1>Accend</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cend"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accendere</ets>, <ets>accensum</ets>, to kindle; <ets>ad + cand\'cbre</ets> to kindle (only in compounds); rel. to <ets>cand\'c7re</ets> to be white, to gleam. See <er>Candle</er>.]</ety> <def>To set on fire; to kindle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Accendibility</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cend`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capacity of being kindled, or of becoming inflamed; inflammability.</def>

<h1>Accendible</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cend"i*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being inflamed or kindled; combustible; inflammable.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Accension</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cen"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of kindling or the state of being kindled; ignition.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Accensor</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cen"sor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., from p. p. <ets>accensus</ets>. See <er>Accend</er>.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>One of the functionaries who light and trim the tapers.</def>

<h1>Accent</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac"cent`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>accent</ets>, L. <ets>accentus</ets>; <ets>ad + cantus</ets> a singing, <ets>canere</ets> to sing. See <er>Cant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A superior force of voice or of articulative effort upon some particular syllable of a word or a phrase, distinguishing it from the others.</def>

<note>&hand; Many English words have two accents, the <i>primary</i> and the <i>secondary</i>; the primary being uttered with a greater stress of voice than the secondary; as in <i>as</i>\'b7<i>pira</i>\'b6<i>tion</i>, where the chief stress is on the third syllable, and a slighter stress on the first. Some words, as <i>an\'b7tiap\'b7o-plec\'b6tic</i>, <i>in-com\'b7pre-hen\'b7si-bil\'b6i-ty</i>, have two secondary accents. See Guide to Pron., \'c5\'c5 30-46.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mark or character used in writing, and serving to regulate the pronunciation; esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> a mark to indicate the nature and place of the spoken accent; <sd>(b)</sd> a mark to indicate the quality of sound of the vowel marked; <as>as, the French <ex>accents</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; In the ancient Greek the <i>acute accent</i> (\'b7) meant a raised tone or pitch, the <i>grave</i> (<i>`</i>), the level tone or simply the negation of accent, the <i>circumflex</i> ( ~ or ^) a tone raised and then depressed. In works on elocution, the first is often used to denote the rising inflection of the voice; the second, the falling inflection; and the third (^), the compound or waving inflection. In dictionaries, spelling books, and the like, the acute accent is used to designate the syllable which receives the chief stress of voice.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Modulation of the voice in speaking; manner of speaking or pronouncing; peculiar or characteristic modification of the voice; tone; <as>as, a foreign <ex>accent</ex>; a French or a German <ex>accent</ex>.</as></def>   "Beguiled you in a plain <i>accent</i>." <i>Shak</i>. "A perfect <i>accent</i>." <i>Thackeray</i>.

<blockquote>The tender <b>accent</b> of a woman's cry.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A word; a significant tone; <plu>(pl.)</plu> expressions in general; speech.</def>

<blockquote>Winds! on your wings to Heaven her <b>accents</b> bear,
Such words as Heaven alone is fit to hear.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Stress laid on certain syllables of a verse.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A regularly recurring stress upon the tone to mark the beginning, and, more feebly, the third part of the measure.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A special emphasis of a tone, even in the weaker part of the measure.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The <i>rythmical accent</i>, which marks phrases and sections of a period.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The <i>expressive</i> emphasis and shading of a passage.</def>

<i>J. S. Dwight.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mark placed at the right hand of a letter, and a little above it, to distinguish magnitudes of a similar kind expressed by the same letter, but differing in value, as y\'b7, y\'b7\'b7.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Trigon.)</fld> <def>A mark at the right hand of a number, indicating minutes of a degree, seconds, etc.; <as>as, 12\'b727\'b7\'b7, <it>i. e.</it>, twelve minutes twenty seven seconds.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def><fld>(Engin.)</fld> A mark used to denote feet and inches; <as>as, 6\'b7 10\'b7\'b7 is six feet ten inches</as>.</def>

<h1>Accent</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cent"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>accenter</ets>, F. <ets>accentuer</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To express the accent of (either by the voice or by a mark); to utter or to mark with accent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mark emphatically; to emphasize.</def>

<h1>Accentless</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac"cent`less</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without accent.</def>

<h1>Accentor</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cen"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad</ets>. + <ets>cantor</ets> singer, <ets>canere</ets> to sing.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One who sings the leading part; the director or leader.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of European birds (so named from their sweet notes), including the hedge warbler. In America sometimes applied to the water thrushes.</def>

<h1>Accentuable</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cen"tu*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being accented.</def>

<h1>Accentual</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cen"tu*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to accent; characterized or formed by accent.</def>

<h1>Accentuality</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cen`tu*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being accentual.</def>

<h1>Accentually</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cen"tu*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an accentual manner; in accordance with accent.</def>

<h1>Accentuate</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cen"tu*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accentuated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accentuating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>accentuatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accentuare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>accentus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>accentuer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pronounce with an accent or with accents.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring out distinctly; to make prominent; to emphasize.</def>

<blockquote>In Bosnia, the struggle between East and West was even more <b>accentuated</b>.
<i>London Times.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To mark with the written accent.</def>

<h1>Accentuation</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cen`tu*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>accentuatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>accentuation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of accentuating; applications of accent</def>. Specifically <fld>(Eccles. Mus.)</fld>, <def>pitch or modulation of the voice in reciting portions of the liturgy.</def>

<h1>Accept</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cept"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accepted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accepting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>accepter</ets>, L. <ets>acceptare</ets>, freq. of <ets>accipere</ets>; <ets>ad + capere</ets> to take; akin to E. <ets>heave</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To receive with a consenting mind (something offered); <as>as, to <ex>accept</ex> a gift</as>; -- often followed by <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>If you <b>accept</b> them, then their worth is great.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>accept</b> of ransom for my son.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She <b>accepted</b> of a treat.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To receive with favor; to approve.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord <b>accept</b> thy burnt sacrifice.

<i>Ps. xx. 3.</i>

<blockquote>Peradventure he will <b>accept</b> of me.

<i>Gen. xxxii. 20.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To receive or admit and agree to; to assent to; <as>as, I <ex>accept</ex> your proposal, amendment, or excuse</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To take by the mind; to understand; as, How are these words to be <i>accepted</i>?</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To receive as obligatory and promise to pay; <as>as, to <ex>accept</ex> a bill of exchange</as>.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>In a deliberate body, to receive in acquittance of a duty imposed; <as>as, to <ex>accept</ex> the report of a committee</as>. [This makes it the property of the body, and the question is then on its adoption.]</def>

<cs><col>To accept a bill</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to agree (on the part of the drawee) to pay it when due.</cd> -- <col>To accept service</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to agree that a writ or process shall be considered as regularly served, when it has not been.</cd> -- <col>To accept the person</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>to show favoritism. "God <i>accepteth<i> no man's <i>person<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Gal. ii. 6.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To receive; take; admit. See <er>Receive</er>.</syn>

<h1>Accept</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cept"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Accepted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Acceptability</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cept`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>acceptabilitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being acceptable; acceptableness.</def> "<i>Acceptability</i> of repentance."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Acceptable</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cept"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>acceptable</ets>, L. <ets>acceptabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>acceptare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable, worthy, or sure of being accepted or received with pleasure; pleasing to a receiver; gratifying; agreeable; welcome; <as>as, an <ex>acceptable</ex> present, one <ex>acceptable</ex> to us</as>.</def>

<h1>Acceptableness</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cept"a*ble*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being acceptable, or suitable to be favorably received; acceptability.</def>

<h1>Acceptably</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cept"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an acceptable manner; in a manner to please or give satisfaction.</def>

<h1>Acceptance</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Ac*cept"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of accepting; a receiving what is offered, with approbation, satisfaction, or acquiescence; esp., favorable reception; approval; <as>as, the <ex>acceptance</ex> of a gift, office, doctrine, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>They shall come up with <b>acceptance</b> on mine altar.
<i>Isa. lx. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>State of being accepted; acceptableness.</def> "Makes it assured of <i>acceptance</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An assent and engagement by the person on whom a bill of exchange is drawn, to pay it when due according to the terms of the acceptance.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The bill itself when accepted.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An agreeing to terms or proposals by which a bargain is concluded and the parties are bound; the reception or taking of a thing bought as that for which it was bought, or as that agreed to be delivered, or the taking possession as owner.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An agreeing to the action of another, by some act which binds the person in law.</def>

<note>&hand; What acts shall amount to such an <i>acceptance</i> is often a question of great nicety and difficulty.

<i>Mozley & W.</i>
</note>

<-- p. 11  -->

<note>&hand; In modern law, <i>proposal</i> and <i>acceptance</i> are the constituent elements into which all contracts are resolved.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Acceptance of a bill of exchange</col>, <col>check</col>, <col>draft</col>, &or; <col>order</col></mcol>, <cd>is an engagement to pay it according to the terms. This engagement is usually made by writing the word "accepted" across the face of the bill.</cd>  <col>Acceptance of goods</col>, <cd>under the statute of frauds, is an intelligent acceptance by a party knowing the nature of the transaction.</cd></cs>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Meaning; acceptation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Acceptance of persons</col>, <cd>partiality, favoritism. See under <er>Accept</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Acceptancy</h1>
<Xpage=11>

<hw>Ac*cept"an*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Acceptance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Here's a proof of gift,
But here's no proof, sir, of <b>acceptancy</b>.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acceptant</h1>
<Xpage=11>

<hw>Ac*cept"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Accepting; receiving.</def>

<h1>Acceptant</h1>
<Xpage=11>

<hw>Ac*cept"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An accepter.</def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Acceptation</h1>
<Xpage=11>

<hw>Ac`cep*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Acceptance; reception; favorable reception or regard; state of being acceptable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This is saying worthy of all <b>acceptation</b>.
<i>1 Tim. i. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some things . . . are notwithstanding of so great dignity and <b>acceptation</b> with God.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The meaning in which a word or expression is understood, or generally received; <as>as, term is to be used according to its usual <ex>acceptation</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>My words, in common <b>acceptation</b>,
Could never give this provocation.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acceptedly</h1>
<Xpage=11>

<hw>Ac*cept"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a accepted manner; admittedly.</def>

<h1>Accepter</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cept"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person who accepts; a taker.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A respecter; a viewer with partiality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>God is no <b>accepter</b> of persons.
<i>Chillingworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An acceptor.</def>

<h1>Acceptilation</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cep`ti*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acceptilatio</ets> entry of a debt collected, acquittance, fr. p. p. of <ets>accipere</ets> (cf. <er>Accept</er>) +  <ets>latio</ets> a carrying, fr. <ets>latus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ferre</ets> to carry: cf. F. <ets>acceptilation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>Gratuitous discharge; a release from debt or obligation without payment; free remission.</def>

<h1>Acception</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acceptio</ets> a receiving, accepting: cf. F. <ets>acception</ets>.]</ety> <def>Acceptation; the received meaning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Here the word "baron" is not to be taken in that restrictive sense to which the modern <b>acception</b> hath confined it.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Acception of persons</col> or <col>faces</col></mcol> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>favoritism; partiality. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Acceptive</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cept"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fit for acceptance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ready to accept.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Acceptor</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cept"or</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who accepts</def>; specifically <fld>(Law & Com.)</fld>, <def>one who accepts an order or a bill of exchange; a drawee after he has accepted.</def>

<h1>Access</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cess"</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>acc\'8as</ets>, L. <ets>accessus</ets>, fr. <ets>accedere</ets>. See <er>Accede</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A coming to, or near approach; admittance; admission; accessibility; <as>as, to gain <ex>access</ex> to a prince</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I did repel his letters, and denied
His <b>access</b> to me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The means, place, or way by which a thing may be approached; passage way; <as>as, the <ex>access</ex> is by a neck of land</as>.</def> "All <i>access</i> was thronged."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Admission to sexual intercourse.</def>

<blockquote>During coverture, <b>access</b> of the husband shall be presumed, unless the contrary be shown.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Increase by something added; addition; <as>as, an <ex>access</ex> of territory</as>. [In this sense <i>accession</i> is more generally used.]</def>

<blockquote>I, from the influence of thy looks, receive
<b>Access</b> in every virtue.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An onset, attack, or fit of disease.</def>

<blockquote>The first <b>access</b> looked like an apoplexy.
<i>Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A paroxysm; a fit of passion; an outburst; <as>as, an access of fury</as>.</def> <mark>[A Gallicism]</mark>

<h1>Accessarily</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"sa*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of an accessary.</def>

<h1>Accessariness</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"sa*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being accessary.</def>

<h1>Accessary</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Accompanying, as a subordinate; additional; accessory; esp., uniting in, or contributing to, a crime, but not as chief actor. See <er>Accessory</er>.</def>

<blockquote>To both their deaths thou shalt be <b>accessary</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Amongst many secondary and <b>accessary</b> causes that support monarchy, these are not of least reckoning.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accessary</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"sa*ry</hw> <tt>(277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Accessaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. <er>Accessory</er> and LL. <ets>accessarius</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who, not being present, contributes as an assistant or instigator to the commission of an offense.</def>

<cs><col>Accessary before the fact</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one who commands or counsels an offense, not being present at its commission.</cd> -- <col>Accessary after the fact</col>, <cd>one who, after an offense, assists or shelters the offender, not being present at the commission of the offense.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; This word, as used in law, is spelt <i>accessory</i> by Blackstone and many others; but in this sense is spelt <i>accessary</i> by Bouvier, Burrill, Burns, Whishaw, Dane, and the Penny Cyclopedia; while in other senses it is spelt <i>accessory</i>. In recent text-books on criminal law the distinction is not preserved, the spelling being either <i>accessary</i> or <i>accessory</i>.</note>

<h1>Accessibility</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cess`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accessibilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>accessibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being accessible, or of admitting approach; receptibility.</def>

<i>Langhorne.</i>

<h1>Accessible</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cess"i*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accessibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>accedere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>accessible</ets>. See <er>Accede</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Easy of access or approach; approachable; <as>as, an <ex>accessible</ex> town or mountain, an <ex>accessible</ex> person</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Open to the influence of; -- with <i>to</i>.</def> "Minds <i>accessible</i> to reason."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Obtainable; to be got at.</def>

<blockquote>The best information . . . at present <b>accessible</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accessibly</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cess"i*bly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an accessible manner.</def>

<h1>Accession</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accessio</ets>, fr. <ets>accedere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>accession</ets>. See <er>Accede</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A coming to; the act of acceding and becoming joined; <as>as, a king's <ex>accession</ex> to a confederacy</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Increase by something added; that which is added; augmentation from without; <as>as, an <ex>accession</ex> of wealth or territory</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The only <b>accession</b> which the Roman empire received was the province of Britain.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mode of acquiring property, by which the owner of a corporeal substance which receives an addition by growth, or by labor, has a right to the part or thing added, or the improvement (provided the thing is not changed into a different species). Thus, the owner of a cow becomes the owner of her calf.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The act by which one power becomes party to engagements already in force between other powers.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of coming to or reaching a throne, an office, or dignity; <as>as, the <ex>accession</ex> of the house of Stuart</as>; -- applied especially to the epoch of a new dynasty.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The invasion, approach, or commencement of a disease; a fit or paroxysm.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Increase; addition; augmentation; enlargement.</syn>

<h1>Accessional</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"sion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to accession; additional.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Accessive</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Additional.</def>

<h1>Accessorial</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ces*so"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an accessory; <as>as, <ex>accessorial</ex> agency, <ex>accessorial</ex> guilt</as>.</def>

<h1>Accessorily</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"so*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of an accessory; auxiliary.</def>

<h1>Accessoriness</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"so*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being accessory, or connected subordinately.</def>

<h1>Accessory</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"so*ry</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accessorius</ets>. See <er>Access</er>, and cf. <er>Accessary</er>.]</ety> <def>Accompanying as a subordinate; aiding in a secondary way; additional; connected as an incident or subordinate to a principal; contributing or contributory; said of persons and things, and, when of persons, usually in a bad sense; <as>as, he was <ex>accessory</ex> to the riot; <ex>accessory</ex> sounds in music.</as></def>

<note>&hand; Ash accents the antepenult; and this is not only more regular, but preferable, on account of easiness of pronunciation. Most orho\'89pists place the accent on the <i>first</i> syllable.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Accompanying; contributory; auxiliary; subsidiary; subservient; additional; acceding.</syn>

<h1>Accessory</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ces"so*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Accessories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which belongs to something else deemed the principal; something additional and subordinate.</def> "The aspect and <i>accessories</i> of a den of banditti."

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Accessary</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Anything that enters into a work of art without being indispensably necessary, as mere ornamental parts.</def>

<i>Elmes.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Abettor; accomplice; ally; coadjutor. See <er>Abettor</er>.</syn>

<h1>Acciaccatura</h1>
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<hw>Ac*ciac`ca*tu"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., from <ets>acciaccare</ets> to crush.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short grace note, one semitone below the note to which it is prefixed; -- used especially in organ music. Now used as equivalent to the short <i>appoggiatura</i>.</def>

<h1>Accidence</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ci*dence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of Eng. <ets>accidents</ets>, pl. of <ets>accident</ets>. See <er>Accident</er>, 2.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The accidents, of inflections of words; the rudiments of grammar.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The rudiments of any subject.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Accident</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ci*dent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>accident</ets>, fr. L. <ets>accidens</ets>, <ets>-dentis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>accidere</ets> to happen; <ets>ad + cadere</ets> to fall. See <er>Cadence</er>, <er>Case</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Literally, a befalling; an event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; an undesigned, sudden, and unexpected event; chance; contingency; often, an undesigned and unforeseen occurrence of an afflictive or unfortunate character; a casualty; a mishap; <as>as, to die by an <ex>accident</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Of moving <b>accidents</b> by flood and field.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou cam'st not to thy place by <b>accident</b>:
It is the very place God meant for thee.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A property attached to a word, but not essential to it, as gender, number, case.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A point or mark which may be retained or omitted in a coat of arms.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Log.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A property or quality of a thing which is not essential to it, as <i>whiteness</i> in paper; an attribute.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A quality or attribute in distinction from the substance, as <i>sweetness</i>, <i>softness</i>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Any accidental property, fact, or relation; an accidental or nonessential; <as>as, beauty is an <ex>accident</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>accident</b>, as I call it, of Athens being situated some miles from the sea.
<i>J. P. Mahaffy.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Unusual appearance or effect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Accident</i>, in <i>Law</i>, is equivalent to <i>casus</i>, or such unforeseen, extraordinary, extraneous interference as is out of the range of ordinary calculation.</note>

<h1>Accidental</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ci*den"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>accidentel</ets>, earlier <ets>accidental</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Happening by chance, or unexpectedly; taking place not according to the usual course of things; casual; fortuitous; <as>as, an <ex>accidental</ex> visit</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Nonessential; not necessary belonging; incidental; <as>as, are <ex>accidental</ex> to a play</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Accidental chords</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>those which contain one or more tones foreign to their proper harmony.</cd> -- <col>Accidental colors</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>colors depending on the hypersensibility of the retina of the eye for complementary colors. They are purely subjective sensations of color which often result from the contemplation of actually colored bodies.</cd> -- <col>Accidental point</col> <fld>(Persp.)</fld>, <cd>the point in which a right line, drawn from the eye, parallel to a given right line, cuts the perspective plane; so called to distinguish it from the principal point, or point of view, where a line drawn from the eye perpendicular to the perspective plane meets this plane.</cd> -- <col>Accidental lights</col> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>, <cd>secondary lights; effects of light other than ordinary daylight, such as the rays of the sun darting through a cloud, or between the leaves of trees; the effect of moonlight, candlelight, or burning bodies.</cd></cs>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Casual; fortuitous; contingent; occasional; adventitious.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Accidental</er>, <er>Incidental</er>, <er>Casual</er>, <er>Fortuitous</er>, <er>Contingent</er>. We speak of a thing as <i>accidental</i> when it falls out as by chance, and not in the regular course of things; <as>as, an <ex>accidental</ex> meeting, an <ex>accidental</ex> advantage, etc.</as>  We call a thing <i>incidental</i> when it falls, as it were, <i>into</i> some regular course of things, but is secondary, and forms no essential part thereof; <as>as, an <ex>incremental</ex> remark, an <ex>incidental</ex> evil, an <ex>incidental</ex> benefit</as>. We speak of a thing as <i>casual</i>, when it falls out or happens, as it were, by mere chance, without being prearranged or premeditated; <as>as, a <ex>casual</ex> remark or encounter; a <i>casual</i> observer</as>. An idea of the unimportant is attached to what is <i>casual</i>. <i>Fortuitous</i> is applied to what occurs without any known cause, and in opposition to what has been foreseen; <as>as, a <ex>fortuitous</ex> concourse of atoms</as>. We call a thing <i>contingent</i> when it is such that, considered in itself, it may or may not happen, but is dependent for its existence on something else; <as>as, the time of my coming will be <ex>contingent</ex> on intelligence yet to be received</as>.</usage>

<h1>Accidental</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ci*den"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A property which is not essential; a nonessential; anything happening accidentally.</def>

<blockquote>He conceived it just that <b>accidentals</b> . . . should sink with the substance of the accusation.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Those fortuitous effects produced by luminous rays falling on certain objects so that some parts stand forth in abnormal brightness and other parts are cast into a deep shadow.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A sharp, flat, or natural, occurring not at the commencement of a piece of music as the signature, but before a particular note.</def>

<h1>Accidentalism</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ci*den"tal*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Accidental character or effect.</def>

<i>Ruskin.</i>

<h1>Accidentality</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ci*den*tal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being accidental; accidentalness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Accidentally</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ci*den"tal*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an accidental manner; unexpectedly; by chance; unintentionally; casually; fortuitously; not essentially.</def>

<h1>Accidentalness</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ci*den"tal*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being accidental; casualness.</def>

<h1>Accidie</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ci*die</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>accide</ets>, <ets>accidie</ets>, LL. <ets>accidia</ets>, <ets>acedia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ care.]</ety> <def>Sloth; torpor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The sin of <i>accidie</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Accipenser</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ci*pen"ser</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Acipenser</er>.</def>

<h1>Accipient</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cip"i*ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accipiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>accipere</ets>. See <er>Accept</er>.]</ety> <def>A receiver.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey</i>

<h1>Accipiter</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cip"i*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Accipiters</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. L. <plw>Accipitres</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., hawk.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of rapacious birds; one of the Accipitres or Raptores.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A bandage applied over the nose, resembling the claw of a hawk.</def>

<h1>Accipitral</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cip"i*tral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a falcon or hawk; hawklike.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Accipitres</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cip"i*tres</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., hawks.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The order that includes rapacious birds. They have a hooked bill, and sharp, strongly curved talons. There are three families, represented by the vultures, the falcons or hawks, and the owls.</def>

<h1>Accipitrine</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cip"i*trine</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>accipitrin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or belonging to the Accipitres; raptorial; hawklike.</def>

<h1>Accismus</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cis"mus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Affected refusal; coyness.</def>

<h1>Accite</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cite"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accire</ets>, <ets>accere</ets>, to call for; <ets>ad + ciere</ets> to move, call. See <er>Cite</er>.]</ety> <def>To cite; to summon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Our heralds now <b>accited</b> all that were
Endamaged by the Elians.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acclaim</h1>
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<hw>Ac*claim"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acclamare</ets>; <ets>ad + clamare</ets> to cry out. See <er>Claim</er>, <er>Clamor</er>.]</ety> <mark>[R.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To applaud.</def> "A glad <i>acclaiming</i> train."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To declare by acclamations.</def>

<blockquote>While the shouting crowd
<b>Acclaims</b> thee king of traitors.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To shout; <as>as, to <ex>acclaim</ex> my joy</as>.</def>

<h1>Acclaim</h1>
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<hw>Ac*claim"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To shout applause.</def>

<h1>Acclaim</h1>
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<hw>Ac*claim"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Acclamation.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Acclaimer</h1>
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<hw>Ac*claim"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who acclaims.</def>

<h1>Acclamation</h1>
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<hw>Ac`cla*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acclamatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acclamation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shout of approbation, favor, or assent; eager expression of approval; loud applause.</def>

<blockquote>On such a day, a holiday having been voted by <b>acclamation</b>, an ordinary walk would not satisfy the children.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A representation, in sculpture or on medals, of people expressing joy.</def>

<cs><col>Acclamation medals</col> <cd>are those on which laudatory acclamations are recorded.</cd>

<i>Elmes.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Acclamatory</h1>
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<hw>Ac*clam"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or expressing approval by, acclamation.</def>

<h1>Acclimatable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cli"ma*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being acclimated.</def>

<h1>Acclimatation</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cli`ma*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>acclimation</ets>. See <er>Acclimate</er>.]</ety> <def>Acclimatization.</def>

<h1>Acclimate</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cli"mate</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acclimated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acclimating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>acclimater</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (l. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>climat</ets> climate. See <er>Climate</er>.]</ety> <def>To habituate to a climate not native; to acclimatize.</def>

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<h1>Acclimatement</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cli"mate*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Acclimation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Acclimation</h1>
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<hw>Ac`cli*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of becoming, or the state of being, acclimated, or habituated to a new climate; acclimatization.</def>

<h1>Acclimatizable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cli"ma*ti`za*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being acclimatized.</def>

<hr>
<page="12">
Page 12<p>

<h1>Acclimatization</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cli"ma*ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of acclimatizing; the process of inuring to a new climate, or the state of being so inured.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Acclimatize</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cli"ma*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acclimatized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acclimatizing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To inure or habituate to a climate different from that which is natural; to adapt to the peculiarities of a foreign or strange climate; said of man, the inferior animals, or plants.</def>

<h1>Acclimature</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cli"ma*ture</hw> <tt>(#; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of acclimating, or the state of being acclimated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Caldwell.</i>

<h1>Acclive</h1>
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<hw>Ac*clive"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Acclivous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Accliffitous</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cliff"i*tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Acclivous.</def>

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Acclivity</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cliv"i*ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Acclivities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L.  <ets>acclivitas</ets>, fr. <ets>acclivis</ets>, <ets>acclivus</ets>, ascending; <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>clivus</ets> a hill, slope, fr. root <ets>kli</ets> to lean. See <er>Lean</er>.]</ety> <def>A slope or inclination of the earth, as the side of a hill, considered as <i>ascending</i>, in opposition to <i>declivity</i>, or <i>descending</i>; an upward slope; ascent.</def>

<h1>Acclivous</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cli"vous</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acclivis</ets> and <ets>acclivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sloping upward; rising as a hillside; -- opposed to <i>declivous</i>.</def>

<h1>Accloy</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cloy"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>encloyer</ets>, <ets>encloer</ets>, F. <ets>enclouer</ets>, to drive in a nail, fr. L. <ets>in + clavus</ets> nail.]</ety> <def>To fill to satiety; to stuff full; to clog; to overload; to burden. See <er>Cloy</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Accoast</h1>
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<hw>Ac*coast"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Accost</er>, <er>Coast</er>.]</ety> <def>To lie or sail along the coast or side of; to accost.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whether high towering or <b>accosting</b> low.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accoil</h1>
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<hw>Ac*coil"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>acoillir</ets> to receive, F. <ets>accueillir</ets>; L. <ets>ad + colligere</ets> to collect. See <er>Coil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To gather together; to collect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To coil together.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Accolade</h1>
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<hw>Ac`co*lade"</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>accolade</ets>, It. <ets>accolata</ets>, fr. <ets>accollare</ets> to embrace; L. <ets>ad + collum</ets> neck.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A ceremony formerly used in conferring knighthood, consisting am embrace, and a slight blow on the shoulders with the flat blade of a sword.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A brace used to join two or more staves.</def>

<h1>Accombination</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com*bi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad</ets> + E. <ets>combination</ets>.]</ety> <def>A combining together.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Accommodable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"mo*da*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>accommodable</ets>.]</ety> <def>That may be accommodated, fitted, or made to agree.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<h1>Accommodableness</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"mo*dable*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being accommodable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Todd.</i>

<h1>Accommodate</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"mo*date</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accommodated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accommodating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>accommodatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accommodare</ets>; <ets>ad + commodare</ets> to make fit, help; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>modus</ets> measure, proportion. See <er>Mode</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render fit, suitable, or correspondent; to adapt; to conform; <as>as, to <ex>accommodate</ex> ourselves to circumstances</as>.</def> "They <i>accomodate</i> their counsels to his inclination."

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring into agreement or harmony; to reconcile; to compose; to adjust; to settle; <as>as, to <ex>accommodate</ex> differences, a dispute, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish with something desired, needed, or convenient; to favor; to oblige; <as>as, to <ex>accommodate</ex> a friend with a loan or with lodgings</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To show the correspondence of; to apply or make suit by analogy; to adapt or fit, as teachings to accidental circumstances, statements to facts, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>accommodate</ex> prophecy to events</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To suit; adapt; conform; adjust; arrange.</syn>

<h1>Accommodate</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"mo*date</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To adapt one's self; to be conformable or adapted.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Accommodate</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"mo*date</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accommodatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>accommodare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Suitable; fit; adapted; <as>as, means <ex>accommodate</ex> to end</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Tillotson.</i>

<h1>Accommodately</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"mo*date*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Suitably; fitly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Accommodateness</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"mo*date*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fitness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Accommodating</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"mo*da`ting</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affording, or disposed to afford, accommodation; obliging; as an <i>accommodating</i> man, spirit, arrangement.</def>

<h1>Accommodation</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com`mo*da"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accommodatio</ets>, fr. <ets>accommodare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>accommodation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of fitting or adapting, or the state of being fitted or adapted; adaptation; adjustment; -- followed by <i>to</i>.</def> "The organization of the body with <i>accommodation</i> to its functions."

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Willingness to accommodate; obligingness.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Whatever supplies a want or affords ease, refreshment, or convenience; anything furnished which is desired or needful; -- often in the plural; <as>as, the <ex>accomodations</ex> -- that is, lodgings and food -- at an inn</as>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An adjustment of differences; state of agreement; reconciliation; settlement.</def> "To come to terms of <i>accommodation</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The application of a writer's language, on the ground of analogy, to something not originally referred to or intended.</def>

<blockquote>Many of those quotations from the Old Testament were probably intended as nothing more than <b>accommodations</b>.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A loan of money.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An accommodation bill or note.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Accommodation bill</col>, or <col>note</col></mcol> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>a bill of exchange which a person accepts, or a note which a person makes and delivers to another, not upon a consideration received, but for the purpose of raising money on credit.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Accommodation coach</col>, or <col>train</col></mcol>, <cd>one running at moderate speed and stopping at all or nearly all stations.</cd> -- <col>Accommodation ladder</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a light ladder hung over the side of a ship at the gangway, useful in ascending from, or descending to, small boats.</cd></cs>

<h1>Accommodator</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"mo*da`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>He who, or that which, accommodates.</def>

<i>Warburton.</i>

<h1>Accompanable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"pa*na*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sociable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Accompanier</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"pa*ni*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>He who, or that which, accompanies.</def>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Accompaniment</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"pa*ni*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>accompagnement</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which accompanies; something that attends as a circumstance, or which is added to give greater completeness to the principal thing, or by way of ornament, or for the sake of symmetry</def>. Specifically: <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A part performed by instruments, accompanying another part or parts performed by voices; the subordinate part, or parts, accompanying the voice or a principal instrument; also, the harmony of a figured bass.</def>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Accompanist</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"pa*nist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The performer in music who takes the accompanying part.</def>

<i>Busby.</i>

<h1>Accompany</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"pa*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accompanied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accompanying</er> <tt>(#)</tt>]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>aacompaignier</ets>, F. <ets>accompagner</ets>, to associate with, fr. OF. <ets>compaign</ets>, <ets>compain</ets>, companion. See <er>Company</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go with or attend as a companion or associate; to keep company with; to go along with; -- followed by <i>with</i> or <i>by</i>; <as>as, he <ex>accompanied</ex> his speech with a bow</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The Persian dames, . . .
In sumptuous cars, <b>accompanied</b> his march.
<i>Glover.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They are never alone that are <b>accompanied</b> with noble thoughts.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He was <b>accompanied</b> by two carts filled with wounded rebels.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cohabit with.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To attend; escort; go with.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Accompany</er>, <er>Attend</er>, <er>Escort</er>. We <i>accompany</i> those with whom we go as companions. The word imports an <i>equality</i> of station. We <i>attend</i> those whom we wait upon or follow. The word conveys an idea of <i>subordination</i>. We <i>escort</i> those whom we attend with a view to guard and protect. A gentleman <i>accompanies</i> a friend to some public place; he <i>attends</i> or <i>escorts</i> a lady.</usage>

<h1>Accompany</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"pa*ny</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To associate in a company; to keep company.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Men say that they will drive away one another, . . . and not <b>accompany</b> together.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cohabit (with).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To perform an accompanying part or parts in a composition.</def>

<h1>Accompletive</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"ple*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad + complere</ets>, <ets>completum</ets>, to fill up.]</ety> <def>Tending to accomplish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Accomplice</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"plice</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ac- (perh. for the article a or for L. ad) + E. complice. See <er>Complice</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A cooperator.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Success unto our valiant general,
And happiness to his <b>accomplices</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An associate in the commission of a crime; a participator in an offense, whether a principal or an accessory.</def>   "And thou, the cursed <i>accomplice</i> of his treason." <i>Johnson</i>. <note>It is followed by <i>with</i> or <i>of</i> before a person and by <i>in</i> (or sometimes <i>of</i>) before the crime; <as>as, A was an <ex>accomplice</ex> with B in the murder of C</as>. Dryden uses it with <i>to</i> before a thing. "Suspected for <i>accomplice</i> to the fire."

<i>Dryden.</i>
</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Abettor; accessory; assistant; associate; confederate; coadjutor; ally; promoter. See <er>Abettor</er>.</syn>

<h1>Accompliceship</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"plice*ship</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being an accomplice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Accomplicity</h1>
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<hw>Ac`com*plic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or state of being an accomplice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Accomplish</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"plish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accomplished</er> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accomplishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>acomplissen</ets>, OF. <ets>accomplir</ets>, F. <ets>accomplir</ets>; L. <ets>ad + complere</ets> to fill up, complete. See <er>Complete</er>, <er>Finish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To complete, as time or distance.</def>

<blockquote>That He would <b>accomplish</b> seventy years in the desolations of Jerusalem.
<i>Dan. ix. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He had <b>accomplished</b> half a league or more.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring to an issue of full success; to effect; to perform; to execute fully; to fulfill; <as>as, to <ex>accomplish</ex> a design, an object, a promise</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This that is written must yet be <b>accomplished</b> in me.
<i>Luke xxii. 37.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To equip or furnish thoroughly; hence, to complete in acquirements; to render accomplished; to polish.</def>

<blockquote>The armorers <b>accomplishing</b> the knights.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It [the moon] is fully <b>accomplished</b> for all those ends to which Providence did appoint it.
<i>Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These qualities . . . go to <b>accomplish</b> a perfect woman.
<i>Cowden Clarke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To gain; to obtain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To do; perform; fulfill; realize; effect; effectuate; complete; consummate; execute; achieve; perfect; equip; furnish.</syn> -- <usage>To <er>Accomplish</er>, <er>Effect</er>, <er>Execute</er>, <er>Achieve</er>, <er>Perform</er>. These words agree in the general idea of carrying out to some end proposed. To <i>accomplish</i> (to fill up to the measure of the intention) generally implies perseverance and skill; as, to <i>accomplish</i> a plan proposed by one's self, an object, a design, an undertaking. "Thou shalt <i>accomplish</i> my desire."

<i>1 Kings v. 9.</i>

<blockquote>He . . . expressed his desire to see a union <b>accomplished</b> between England and Scotland.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

To <i>effect</i> (to work out) is much like <i>accomplish</i>. It usually implies some degree of difficulty contended with; as, he <i>effected</i> or <i>accomplished</i> what he intended, his purpose, but little. "What he decreed, he <i>effected</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>To work in close design by fraud or guile
What force <b>effected</b> not.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

To <i>execute</i> (to follow out to the end, to carry out, or into effect) implies a set mode of operation; as, to <i>execute</i> the laws or the orders of another; to <i>execute</i> a work, a purpose, design, plan, project. To <i>perform</i> is much like to <i>do</i>, though less generally applied. It conveys a notion of protracted and methodical effort; as, to <i>perform</i> a mission, a part, a task, a work. "Thou canst best <i>perform</i> that office."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The Saints, like stars, around his seat
<b>Perform</b> their courses still.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

To <i>achieve</i> (to come to the end or arrive at one's purpose) usually implies some enterprise or undertaking of importance, difficulty, and excellence.</usage>

<h1>Accomplishable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"plish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being accomplished; practicable.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Accomplished</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"plished</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Completed; effected; established; <as>as, an <ex>accomplished</ex> fact</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Complete in acquirements as the result usually of training; -- commonly in a good sense; <as>as, an <ex>accomplished</ex> scholar, an <ex>accomplished</ex> villain</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They . . . show themselves <b>accomplished</b> bees.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Daughter of God and man, <b>accomplished</b> Eve.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accomplisher</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"plish*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who accomplishes.</def>

<h1>Accomplishment</h1>
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<hw>Ac*com"plish*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>accomplissement</ets>, fr. <ets>accomplir</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of accomplishing; entire performance; completion; fulfillment; <as>as, the <ex>accomplishment</ex> of an enterprise, of a prophecy, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which completes, perfects, or equips thoroughly; acquirement; attainment; that which constitutes excellence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquired by education or training.</def>   "My new <i>accomplishment</i> of dancing." <i>Churchill</i>. "<i>Accomplishments</i> befitting a station." <i>Thackeray</i>.

<blockquote><b>Accomplishments</b> have taken virtue's place,
And wisdom falls before exterior grace.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accompt</h1>
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<hw>Ac*compt"</hw> <tt>(#; <it>formerly</it> #)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Account</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Accompt</i>, <i>accomptant</i>, etc., are archaic forms.</note>

<h1>Accomptable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*compt"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Accountable</er>.</def>

<h1>Accomptant</h1>
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<hw>Ac*compt"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Accountant</er>.</def>

<h1>Accord</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>acord</ets>, <ets>accord</ets>, OF. <ets>acort</ets>, <ets>acorde</ets>, F. <ets>accord</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>acorder</ets>, F. <ets>accorder</ets>. See <er>Accord</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Agreement or concurrence of opinion, will, or action; harmony of mind; consent; assent.</def>

<blockquote>A mediator of an <b>accord</b> and peace between them.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These all continued with one <b>accord</b> in prayer.
<i>Acts i. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Harmony of sounds; agreement in pitch and tone; concord; <as>as, the <ex>accord</ex> of tones</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Those sweet <b>accords</b> are even the angels' lays.

<i>Sir J. Davies.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Agreement, harmony, or just correspondence of things; <as>as, the <ex>accord</ex> of light and shade in painting</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Voluntary or spontaneous motion or impulse to act; -- preceded by <i>own</i>; <as>as, of one's own <ex>accord</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>That which groweth of its own <b>accord</b> of thy harvest thou shalt not reap.
<i>Lev. xxv. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Of his own <b>accord</b> he went unto you.
<i>2 Cor. vii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An agreement between parties in controversy, by which satisfaction for an injury is stipulated, and which, when executed, bars a suit.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><col>With one accord</col>, <cd>with unanimity.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>They rushed <b>with one accord</b> into the theater.
<i>Acts xix. 29.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accord</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accorded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>According</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>acorden</ets>, <ets>accorden</ets>, OF. <ets>acorder</ets>, F. <ets>accorder</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>accordare</ets>; L. <ets>ad + cor</ets>, <ets>cordis</ets>, heart. Cf. <er>Concord</er>, <er>Discord</er>, and see <er>Heart</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make to agree or correspond; to suit one thing to another; to adjust; -- followed by <i>to</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Her hands <b>accorded</b> the lute's music to the voice.
<i>Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring to an agreement, as persons; to reconcile; to settle, adjust, harmonize, or compose, as things; <as>as, to <ex>accord</ex> suits or controversies</as>.</def>

<blockquote>When they were <b>accorded</b> from the fray.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All which particulars, being confessedly knotty and difficult can never be <b>accorded</b> but by a competent stock of critical learning.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To grant as suitable or proper; to concede; to award; <as>as, to <ex>accord</ex> to one due praise</as>.</def> "<i>According</i> his desire."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Accord</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To agree; to correspond; to be in harmony; -- followed by <i>with</i>, formerly also by <i>to</i>; <as>as, his disposition <ex>accords</ex> with his looks</as>.</def>

<blockquote>My heart <b>accordeth</b> with my tongue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thy actions to thy words <b>accord</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To agree in pitch and tone.</def>

<h1>Accordable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>acordable</ets>, F. <ets>accordable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Agreeing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reconcilable; in accordance.</def>

<h1>Accordance</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>acordance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Agreement; harmony; conformity.</def> "In strict <i>accordance</i> with the law."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Harmony; unison; coincidence.</syn>

<h1>Accordancy</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"an*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Accordance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Paley.</i>

<h1>Accordant</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>acordant</ets>, F. <ets>accordant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Agreeing; consonant; harmonious; corresponding; conformable; -- followed by <i>with</i> or <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Strictly <b>accordant</b> with true morality.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And now his voice <b>accordant</b> to the string.
<i>Coldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accordantly</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"ant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In accordance or agreement; agreeably; conformably; -- followed by <i>with</i> or <i>to</i>.</def>

<h1>Accorder</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who accords, assents, or concedes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>According</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"ing</hw>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Agreeing; in agreement or harmony; harmonious.</def>   "This <i>according</i> voice of national wisdom." <i>Burke</i>. "Mind and soul <i>according</i> well."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote><b>According to</b> him, every person was to be bought.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our zeal should be <b>according to</b> knowledge.
<i>Sprat.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>According to</i> has been called a prepositional phrase, but strictly speaking, <i>according</i> is a participle in the sense of <i>agreeing</i>, <i>acceding</i>, and <i>to</i> alone is the preposition.</note>

<cs><col>According as</col>, <cd>precisely as; the same as; corresponding to the way in which. <i>According as<i> is an adverbial phrase, of which the propriety has been doubted; but good usage sanctions it. See <er>According</er>, <i>adv<i>.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Is all things well,
<b>According as</b> I gave directions?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The land which the Lord will give you <b>according as</b> he hath promised.
<i>Ex. xii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<i>p. 13</i></blockquote>

<h1>According</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Accordingly; correspondingly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Accordingly</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Agreeably; correspondingly; suitably; in a manner conformable.</def>

<blockquote>Behold, and so proceed <b>accordingly</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In natural sequence; consequently; so.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Consequently; therefore; wherefore; hence; so.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Accordingly</er>, <er>Consequently</er>, indicate a connection between two things, the latter of which is done on account of the former. <i>Accordingly</i> marks the connection as one of simple accordance or congruity, leading naturally to the result which followed; as, he was absent when I called, and I <i>accordingly</i> left my card; our preparations were all finished, and we <i>accordingly</i> set sail. <i>Consequently</i> all finished, and we <i>accordingly</i> set sail. <i>Consequently</i> marks a closer connection, that of logical or causal sequence; as, the papers were not ready, and <i>consequently</i> could not be signed.</usage>

<h1>Accordion</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cor"di*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Accord</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A small, portable, keyed wind instrument, whose tones are generated by play of the wind upon free metallic reeds.</def>

<h1>Accordionist</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cor"di*on*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A player on the accordion.</def>

<h1>Accordment</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cord"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>acordement</ets>. See <er>Accord</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>Agreement; reconcilement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Accorporate</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cor"po*rate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accorporare</ets>; <ets>ad + corpus</ets>, <ets>corporis</ets>, body.]</ety> <def>To unite; to attach; to incorporate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Accost</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cost"</hw> <tt>(#; 115)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accosted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accosting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>accoster</ets>, LL. <ets>accostare</ets> to bring side by side; L. <ets>ad + costa</ets> rib, side. See <er>Coast</er>, and cf. <er>Accoast</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To join side to side; to border; hence, to sail along the coast or side of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "So much [of Lapland] as <i>accosts</i> the sea."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To approach; to make up to.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To speak to first; to address; to greet.</def> "Him, Satan thus <i>accosts</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Accost</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cost"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To adjoin; to lie alongside.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The shores which to the sea <i>accost</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Accost</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cost"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Address; greeting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Morley.</i>

<h1>Accostable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cost"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>accostable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Approachable; affable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Accosted</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cost"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Supported on both sides by other charges; also, side by side.</def>

<h1>Accouchement</h1>
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<hw>Ac*couche"ment</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>accoucher</ets> to be delivered of a child, to aid in delivery, OF. <ets>acouchier</ets> orig. to lay down, put to bed, go to bed; L. <ets>ad + collocare</ets> to lay, put, place. See <er>Collate</er>.]</ety> <def>Delivery in childbed</def>

<h1>Accoucheur</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cou*cheur"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>accoucher</ets>. See <er>Accouchement</er>.]</ety> <def>A man who assists women in childbirth; a man midwife; an obstetrician.</def>

<h1>Accoucheuse</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cou*cheuse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.., fem. of <ets>accoucher</ets>.]</ety> <def>A midwife.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Account</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>acount</ets>, <ets>account</ets>, <ets>accompt</ets>, OF. <ets>acont</ets>, fr. <ets>aconter</ets>. See <er>Account</er>, <ets>v. t</ets>., <er>Count</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A reckoning; computation; calculation; enumeration; a record of some reckoning; <as>as, the Julian <ex>account</ex> of time</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A beggarly <b>account</b> of empty boxes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A registry of pecuniary transactions; a written or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits, and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review; <as>as, to keep one's <ex>account</ex> at the bank</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A statement in general of reasons, causes, grounds, etc., explanatory of some event; <as>as, no satisfactory <ex>account</ex> has been given of these phenomena</as>. Hence, the word is often used simply for <i>reason</i>, <i>ground</i>, <i>consideration</i>, <i>motive</i>, etc.; <as>as, on no <ex>account</ex>, on every <ex>account</ex>, on all <ex>accounts</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A statement of facts or occurrences; recital of transactions; a relation or narrative; a report; a description; <as>as, an <ex>account</ex> of a battle</as>.</def> "A laudable <i>account</i> of the city of London."

<i>Howell.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A statement and explanation or vindication of one's conduct with reference to judgment thereon.</def>

<blockquote>Give an <b>account</b> of thy stewardship.
<i>Luke xvi. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An estimate or estimation; valuation; judgment.</def> "To stand high in your <i>account</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Importance; worth; value; advantage; profit.</def>   "Men of <i>account</i>." <i>Pope</i>. "To turn to <i>account</i>." <i>Shak</i>.

<cs><col>Account current</col>, <cd>a running or continued account between two or more parties, or a statement of the particulars of such an account.</cd> -- <col>In account with</col>, <cd>in a relation requiring an account to be kept.</cd> -- <col>On account of</col>, <cd>for the sake of; by reason of; because of.</cd> -- <col>On one's own account</col>, <cd>for one's own interest or behalf.</cd> -- <col>To make account</col>, <cd>to have an opinion or expectation; to reckon.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>s other part . . . <b>makes account</b> to find no slender arguments for this assertion out of those very scriptures which are commonly urged against it.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To make account of</col>, <cd>to hold in estimation; to esteem; <as>as, he <ex>makes</ex> small <ex>account of</ex> beauty</as>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To take account of</col>, or <col>to take into account</col></mcol>, <cd>to take into consideration; to notice.</cd> "<i>Of</i> their doings, God <i>takes</i> no <i>account</i>." <i>Milton</i></blockquote>. -- <col>A writ of account</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a writ which the plaintiff brings demanding that the defendant shall render his just account, or show good cause to the contrary; -- called also an <altname>action of account</altname>.</cd>  <i>Cowell.</i></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Narrative; narration; relation; recital; description; explanation; rehearsal.</syn> <usage></syn> -- <usage><er>Account</er>, <er>Narrative</er>, <er>Narration</er>, <er>Recital</er>. These words are applied to different modes of rehearsing a series of events. <uex>Account</uex> turns attention not so much to the speaker as to the fact related, and more properly applies to the report of some single event, or a group of incidents taken as whole; as, an <uex>account</uex> of a battle, of a shipwreck, etc. A <uex>narrative</uex> is a continuous story of connected incidents, such as one friend might tell to another; as, a <uex>narrative</uex> of the events of a siege, a <uex>narrative</uex> of one's life, etc. <uex>Narration</uex> is usually the same as <uex>narrative</uex>, but is sometimes used to describe the <uex>mode</uex> of relating events; as, his powers of <uex>narration</uex> are uncommonly great. <uex>Recital</uex> denotes a series of events drawn out into minute particulars, usually expressing something which peculiarly interests the feelings of the speaker; as, the <uex>recital</uex> of one's wrongs, disappointments, sufferings, etc.</ususage>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To reckon; to compute; to count.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The motion of . . . the sun whereby years are <b>accounted</b>.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place to one's account; to put to the credit of; to assign; -- with <i>to</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To value, estimate, or hold in opinion; to judge or consider; to deem.</def>

<blockquote><b>Accounting</b> that God was able to raise him up.
<i>Heb. xi. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To recount; to relate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Account</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render or receive an account or relation of particulars; <as>as, an officer must <ex>account</ex> with or to the treasurer for money received</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To render an account; to answer in judgment; -- with <i>for</i>; <as>as, we must <ex>account</ex> for the use of our opportunities</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give a satisfactory reason; to tell the cause of; to explain; -- with <i>for</i>; <as>as, idleness <ex>accounts</ex> for poverty</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To account of</col>, <cd>to esteem; to prize; to value. Now used only in the passive. "I <i>account of<i> her beauty."</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Newer was preaching more <b>accounted of</b> than in the sixteenth century.
<i>Canon Robinson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accountabilability</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count"a*bil`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being accountable; liability to be called on to render an account; accountableness.</def> "The awful idea of <i>accountability</i>."

<i>R. Hall.</i>

<h1>Accountable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Liable to be called on to render an account; answerable; <as>as, every man is <ex>accountable</ex> to God for his conduct</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being accounted for; explicable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>True religion . . . intelligible, rational, and <b>accountable</b>, -- not a burden but a privilege.
<i>B. Whichcote.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Amenable; responsible; liable; answerable.</syn>

<h1>Accountable ness</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count"a*ble ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being accountable; accountability.</def>

<h1>Accountably</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an accountable manner.</def>

<h1>Accountancy</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count"an*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or employment of an accountant.</def>

<h1>Accountant</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>accomptant</ets>, OF. <ets>acontant</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who renders account; one accountable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A reckoner.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts; an officer in a public office, who has charge of the accounts.</def>

<cs><col>Accountatn general</col>, <cd>the head or superintending accountant in certain public offices. Also, formerly, an officer in the English court of chancery who received the moneys paid into the court, and deposited them in the Bank of England.</cd></cs>

<h1>Accountant</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count"ant</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Accountable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Accountantship</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count"ant*ship</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Accountant</ets> + <ets>-ship</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office or employment of an accountant.</def>

<h1>Account book</h1>
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<hw>Ac*count" book`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A book in which accounts are kept.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Accouple</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cou"ple</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>acopler</ets>, F. <ets>accoupler</ets>. See <er>Couple</er>.]</ety> <def>To join; to couple.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Englishmen <b>accoupled</b> themselves with the Frenchmen.
<i>Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accouplement</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cou"ple*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>accouplement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of coupling, or the state of being coupled; union.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Caxton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which couples, as a tie or brace.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Accourage</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cour"age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>acoragier</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>corage</ets>. See <er>Courage</er>.]</ety> <def>To encourage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Accourt</h1>
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<hw>Ac*court"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ac-</ets>, for L. <er>ad</er>. See <er>Court</er>.]</ety> <def>To treat courteously; to court.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Accouter, Accoutre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ac*cou"ter</hw>, <hw>Ac*cou"tre</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accoutered</er> or <er>Accoutred</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accoutering</er> or <er>Accoutring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>accouter</ets>, OF. <ets>accoutrer</ets>, <ets>accoustrer</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + perh. LL. <ets>custor</ets>, for <ets>custos</ets> guardian, sacristan (cf. <er>Custody</er>), or perh. akin to E. <ets>guilt</ets>.]</ety> <def>To furnish with dress, or equipments, esp. those for military service; to equip; to attire; to array.</def>

<blockquote>Bot <b>accoutered</b> like young men.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For this, in rags <b>accoutered</b> are they seen.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Accoutered</b> with his burden and his staff.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accouterments, Accoutrements</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ac*cou"ter*ments</hw>, <hw>Ac*cou"tre*ments</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>accoutrement</ets>, earlier also <ets>accoustrement</ets>, earlier also <ets>accoustrement</ets>. See <er>Accouter</er>.]</ety> <def>Dress; trappings; equipment; specifically, the devices and equipments worn by soldiers.</def>

<blockquote>How gay with all the <b>accouterments</b> of war!

<h1>Accoy</h1>
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<hw>Ac*coy"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>acoyer</ets>; <ets>ac-</ets>, for L. <ets>ad</ets>. See <er>Coy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render quiet; to soothe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To subdue; to tame; to daunt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Then is your careless courage <b>accoyed</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accredit</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cred"it</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accredited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accrediting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>accr\'82diter</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + cr\'82dit credit. See <er>Credit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put or bring into credit; to invest with credit or authority; to sanction.</def>

<blockquote>His censure will . . . <b>accredit</b> his praises.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These reasons . . . which <b>accredit</b> and fortify mine opinion.
<i>Shelton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To send with letters credential, as an ambassador, envoy, or diplomatic agent; to authorize, as a messenger or delegate.</def>

<blockquote>Beton . . . was <b>accredited</b> to the Court of France.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To believe; to credit; to put trust in.</def>

<blockquote>The version of early Roman history which was <b>accredited</b> in the fifth century.
<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>accredited</b> and repeated stories of apparitions and witchcraft.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To credit; to vouch for or consider (some one) as doing something, or (something) as belonging to some one.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To accredit</col> (one) <col>with</col> (something)</mcol>, <cd>to attribute something to him; <as>as, Mr. Clay was <ex>accredited with<ex> these views; they <ex>accredit<ex> him <ex>with<ex> a wise saying</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Accreditation</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cred`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of accrediting; <as>as, letters of <ex>accreditation</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Accrementitial</h1>
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<hw>Ac`cre*men*ti"tial</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to accremention.</def>

<h1>Accrementition</h1>
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<hw>Ac`cre*men*ti"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Accresce</er>, <er>Increment</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The process of generation by development of blastema, or fission of cells, in which the new formation is in all respect like the individual from which it proceeds.</def>

<h1>Accresce</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cresce"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accrescere</ets>. See <er>Accrue</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To accrue.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To increase; to grow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gillespie.</i>

<h1>Accrescence</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cres"cence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>accrescentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Continuous growth; an accretion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The silent <b>accrescence</b> of belief from the unwatched depositions of a general, never contradicted hearsy.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accrescent</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cres"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accrescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>accrescere</ets>; <ets>ad + crescere</ets> to grow. See <er>Crescent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Growing; increasing.</def>

<i>Shuckford.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing larger after flowering.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Accrete</h1>
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<hw>Ac*crete"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>accretus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accrescere</ets> to increase.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grow together.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To adhere; to grow (to); to be added; -- with <i>to</i>.</def>

<h1>Accrete</h1>
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<hw>Ac*crete"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make adhere; to add.</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Accrete</h1>
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<hw>Ac*crete"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Characterized by accretion; made up; <as>as, <ex>accrete</ex> matter</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Grown together.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Accretion</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cre"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accretio</ets>, fr. <ets>accrescere</ets> to increase. Cf. <er>Crescent</er>, <er>Increase</er>, <er>Accrue</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of increasing by natural growth; esp. the increase of organic bodies by the internal accession of parts; organic growth.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of increasing, or the matter added, by an accession of parts externally; an extraneous addition; <as>as, an <ex>accretion</ex> of earth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A mineral . . . augments not by grown, but by <b>accretion</b>.
<i>Owen.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To strip off all the subordinate parts of his as a later <b>accretion</b>.
<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Concretion; coherence of separate particles; <as>as, the <ex>accretion</ex> of particles so as to form a solid mass</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A growing together of parts naturally separate, as of the fingers toes.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The adhering of property to something else, by which the owner of one thing becomes possessed of a right to another; generally, gain of land by the washing up of sand or sail from the sea or a river, or by a gradual recession of the water from the usual watermark.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Gain to an heir or legatee, failure of a coheir to the same succession, or a co-legatee of the same thing, to take his share.</def>

<i>Wharton. Kent.</i>

<h1>Accretive</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cre"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to accretion; increasing, or adding to, by growth.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Accriminate</h1>
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<hw>Ac*crim"i*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ac-</ets> (for <ets>ad</ets> to) + <ets>criminari</ets>.]</ety> <def>To accuse of a crime.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Ac*crim`i*na"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Accroach</h1>
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<hw>Ac*croach"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>acrochen</ets>, <ets>accrochen</ets>, to obtain, OF. <ets>acrochier</ets>, F. <ets>accrocher</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>croc</ets> hook (E. <ets>crook</ets>).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hook, or draw to one's self as with a hook.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To usurp, as jurisdiction or royal prerogatives.</def>

<blockquote>They had attempted to <b>accroach</b> to themselves royal power.
<i>Stubbs.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accroachment</h1>
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<hw>Ac*croach"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>accrochement</ets>.]</ety> <def>An encroachment; usurpation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Accrual</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cru"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Accrument.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Accrue</h1>
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<hw>Ac*crue"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accrued</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accruing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Accrue</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <ets>and cf</ets>. <er>Accresce</er>, <er>Accrete</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To increase; to augment.</def>

<blockquote>And though power failed, her courage did <b>accrue</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come to by way of increase; to arise or spring as a growth or result; to be added as increase, profit, or damage, especially as the produce of money lent.</def> "Interest <i>accrues</i> to principal."

<i>Abbott.</i>

<blockquote>The great and essential advantages <b>accruing</b> to society from the freedom of the press.
<i>Junius.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accrue</h1>
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<hw>Ac*crue"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>accr\'96</ets>, OF. <ets>acre\'81</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accroitre</ets>, OF. <ets>acroistre</ets> to increase; L. <ets>ad + crescere</ets> to increase. Cf. <er>Accretion</er>, <er>Crew</er>. See <er>Crescent</er>.]</ety> <def>Something that accrues; advantage accruing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Accruer</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cru"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act of accruing; accretion; <as>as, title by <ex>accruer</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Accrument</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cru"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of accruing, or that which has accrued; increase.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Accubation</h1>
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<hw>Ac`cu*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accubatio</ets>, for <ets>accubatio</ets>, fr. <ets>accubare</ets> to recline; <ets>ad + cubare</ets> to lie down. See <er>Accumb</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or posture of reclining on a couch, as practiced by the ancients at meals.</def>

<h1>Accumb</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cumb"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accumbere</ets>; <ets>ad + cumbere</ets> (only in compounds) to lie down.]</ety> <def>To recline, as at table.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Accumbency</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cum"ben*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being accumbent or reclining.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Accumbent</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cum"bent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Leaning or reclining, as the ancients did at their meals.</def>

<blockquote>The Roman.. <b>accumbent</b> posture in eating.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Lying against anything, as one part of a leaf against another leaf.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<blockquote><b>Accumbent</b> cotyledons have their edges placed against the caulicle.
<i>Eaton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accumbent</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cum"bent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reclines at table.</def>

<h1>Accumber</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cum"ber</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To encumber.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Accumulate</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cu"mu*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accumulated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accumulating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>accumulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accumulare</ets>; <ets>ad + cumulare</ets> to heap. See <er>Cumulate</er>.]</ety> <def>To heap up in a mass; to pile up; to collect or bring together; to amass; <as>as, to <ex>accumulate</ex> a sum of money</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To collect; pile up; store; amass; gather; aggregate; heap together; hoard.</syn>

<-- p. 14  -->

<h1>Accumulate</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cu"mu*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow or increase in quantity or number; to increase greatly.</def>

<blockquote>Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey,
Where wealth <b>accumulates</b>, and men decay.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accumulate</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cu"mu*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accumulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accumulare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Collected; accumulated.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Accumulation</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cu`mu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accumulatio</ets>; cf. F. <ets>accumulation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of accumulating, the state of being accumulated, or that which is accumulated; <as>as, an <ex>accumulation</ex> of earth, of sand, of evils, of wealth, of honors</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The concurrence of several titles to the same proof.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Accumulation of energy</col> or <col>power</col></mcol>, <cd>the storing of energy by means of weights lifted or masses put in motion; electricity stored.</cd> -- <col>An accumulation of degrees</col> <fld>(Eng. Univ.)</fld>, <cd>the taking of several together, or at smaller intervals than usual or than is allowed by the rules.</cd></cs>

<h1>Accumulative</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cu"mu*la*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by accumulation; serving to collect or amass; cumulative; additional.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ac*cu"mu*la*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ac*cu"mu*la*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Accumulator</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cu"mu*la`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, accumulates, collects, or amasses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>An apparatus by means of which energy or power can be stored, such as the cylinder or tank for storing water for hydraulic elevators, the secondary or storage battery used for accumulating the energy of electrical charges, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A system of elastic springs for relieving the strain upon a rope, as in deep-sea dredging.</def>

<h1>Accuracy</h1>
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<hw>Ac"cu*ra*cy</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Accurate</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being accurate; freedom from mistakes, this exemption arising from carefulness; exact conformity to truth, or to a rule or model; precision; exactness; nicety; correctness; <as>as, the value of testimony depends on its <ex>accuracy</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The professed end [of logic] is to teach men to think, to judge, and to reason, with precision and <b>accuracy</b>.
<i>Reid.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>accuracy</b> with which the piston fits the sides.
<i>Lardner.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accurate</h1>
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<hw>Ac"cu*rate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accuratus</ets>, p. p. and a., fr. <ets>accurare</ets> to take care of; <ets>ad + curare</ets> to take care, <ets>cura</ets> care. See <er>Cure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In exact or careful conformity to truth, or to some standard of requirement, the result of care or pains; free from failure, error, or defect; exact; <as>as, an <ex>accurate</ex> calculator; an <ex>accurate</ex> measure; <ex>accurate</ex> expression, knowledge, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Precisely fixed; executed with care; careful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Those conceive the celestial bodies have more <b>accurate</b> influences upon these things below.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Correct; exact; just; nice; particular.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Accurate</er>, <er>Correct</er>, <er>Exact</er>, <er>Precise</er>. We speak of a thing as <i>correct</i> with reference to some rule or standard of comparison; as, a <i>correct</i> account, a <i>correct</i> likeness, a man of <i>correct</i> deportment. We speak of a thing as <i>accurate</i> with reference to the care bestowed upon its execution, and the increased correctness to be expected therefrom; as, an <i>accurate</i> statement, an <i>accurate</i> detail of particulars. We speak of a thing as <i>exact</i> with reference to that perfected state of a thing in which there is no defect and no redundance; as, an <i>exact</i> coincidence, the <i>exact</i> truth, an <i>exact</i> likeness. We speak of a thing as <i>precise</i> when we think of it as strictly conformed to some rule or model, as if <i>cut down</i> thereto; as a <i>precise</i> conformity instructions; <i>precisely</i> right; he was very <i>precise</i> in giving his directions.</usage>

<h1>Accurately</h1>
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<hw>Ac"cu*rate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an accurate manner; exactly; precisely; without error or defect.</def>

<h1>Accurateness</h1>
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<hw>Ac"cu*rate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being accurate; accuracy; exactness; nicety; precision.</def>

<h1>Accurse</h1>
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<hw>Ac*curse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>acursien</ets>, <ets>acorsien</ets>; pref. <ets>a + cursien</ets> to curse. See <er>Curse</er>.]</ety> <def>To devote to destruction; to imprecate misery or evil upon; to curse; to execrate; to anathematize.</def>

<blockquote>And the city shall be <b>accursed</b>.
<i>Josh. vi. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thro' you, my life will be <b>accurst</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accursed, Accurst</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ac*cursed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac*curst"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Doomed to destruction or misery; cursed; hence, bad enough to be under the curse; execrable; detestable; exceedingly hateful; -- as, an <i>accursed</i> deed. <i>Shak</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ac*curs"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ac*curs"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Accusable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cus"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accusabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>accusable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Liable to be accused or censured; chargeable with a crime or fault; blamable; -- with <i>of</i>.</def>

<h1>Accusal</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cus"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Accusation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Accusant</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cus"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accusans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>accusare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>accusant</ets>.]</ety> <def>An accuser.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Accusation</h1>
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<hw>Ac`cu*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>acusation</ets>, F. <ets>accusation</ets>, L. <ets>accusatio</ets>, fr. <ets>accusare</ets>. See <er>Accuse</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of accusing or charging with a crime or with a lighter offense.</def>

<blockquote>We come not by the way of <b>accusation</b>
To taint that honor every good tongue blesses.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That of which one is accused; the charge of an offense or crime, or the declaration containing the charge.</def>

<blockquote>[They] set up over his head his <b>accusation</b>.
<i>Matt. xxvii. 37.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Impeachment; crimination; censure; charge.</syn>

<h1>Accusatival</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cu`sa*ti"val</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the accusative case.</def>

<h1>Accusative</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cu"sa*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>accusatif</ets>, L. <ets>accusativus</ets> (in sense 2), fr. <ets>accusare</ets>. See <er>Accuse</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Producing accusations; accusatory.</def> "This hath been a very <i>accusative</i> age."

<i>Sir E. Dering.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Applied to the case (as the fourth case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses the immediate object on which the action or influence of a transitive verb terminates, or the immediate object of motion or tendency to, expressed by a preposition. It corresponds to the objective case in English.</def>

<h1>Accusative</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cu"sa*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The accusative case.</def>

<h1>Accusatively</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cu"sa*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an accusative manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In relation to the accusative case in grammar.</def>

<h1>Accusatorial</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cu`sa*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Accusatory.</def>

<h1>Accusatorially</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cu`sa*to"ri*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way accusation.</def>

<h1>Accusatory</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cu"sa*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>accusatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>accusare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, an accusation; <as>as, an <ex>accusatory</ex> libel</as>.</def>

<i>Grote.</i>

<h1>Accuse</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cuse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Accusation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Accuse</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cuse"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accused</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accusing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>acuser</ets>, F. <ets>accuser</ets>, L. <ets>accusare</ets>, to call to account, accuse; <ets>ad + causa</ets> cause, lawsuit. Cf. <er>Cause</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To charge with, or declare to have committed, a crime or offense</def>; <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>to charge with an offense, judicially or by a public process; -- with <i>of</i>; <as>as, to <ex>accuse</ex> one of a high crime or misdemeanor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Neither can they prove the things whereof they now <b>accuse</b> me.
<i>Acts xxiv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We are <b>accused of</b> having persuaded Austria and Sardinia to lay down their arms.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To charge with a fault; to blame; to censure.</def>

<blockquote>Their thoughts the meanwhile <b>accusing</b> or else excusing one another.
<i>Rom. ii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To betray; to show. <ety>[L.]</ety></def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To charge; blame; censure; reproach; criminate; indict; impeach; arraign.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Accuse</er>, <er>Charge</er>, <er>Impeach</er>, <er>Arraign</er>. These words agree in bringing home to a person the imputation of wrongdoing. To <i>accuse</i> is a somewhat formal act, and is applied usually (though not exclusively) to crimes; as, to <i>accuse</i> of treason.  <i>Charge</i> is the most generic. It may refer to a crime, a dereliction of duty, a fault, etc.; more commonly it refers to moral delinquencies; as, to <i>charge</i> with dishonesty or falsehood. To <i>arraign</i> is to bring (a person) before a tribunal for trial; as, to <i>arraign</i> one before a court or at the bar public opinion. To <i>impeach</i> is officially to charge with misbehavior in office; as, to <i>impeach</i> a minister of high crimes. Both <i>impeach</i> and <i>arraign</i> convey the idea of peculiar dignity or impressiveness.</usage>

<h1>Accused</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cused"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Charged with offense; <as>as, an <ex>accused</ex> person</as>.</def>

<note>Commonly used substantively; as, the <i>accused</i>, one charged with an offense; the defendant in a criminal case.</note>

<h1>Accusement</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cuse"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>acusement</ets>. See <er>Accuse</er>.]</ety> <def>Accusation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Accuser</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cus"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>acuser</ets>, <ets>accusour</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>acuseor</ets>, fr. L. <ets>accusator</ets>, fr. <ets>accusare</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault.</def>

<h1>Accusingly</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cus"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an accusing manner.</def>

<h1>Accustom</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cus"tom</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Accustomed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Accustoming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>acostumer</ets>, <ets>acustumer</ets>, F. <ets>accoutumer</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>costume</ets>, F. <ets>coutume</ets>, custom. See <er>Custom</er>.]</ety> <def>To make familiar by use; to habituate, familiarize, or inure; -- with <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>I shall always fear that he who <b>accustoms</b> himself to fraud in little things, wants only opportunity to practice it in greater.
<i>Adventurer.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To habituate; inure; exercise; train.</syn>

<h1>Accustom</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cus"tom</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be wont.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cohabit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We with the best men <b>accustom</b> openly; you with the basest commit private adulteries.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Accustom</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cus"tom</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Custom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Accustomable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cus"tom*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Habitual; customary; wonted.</def> "<i>Accustomable</i> goodness."

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Accustomably</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cus"tom*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to custom; ordinarily; customarily.</def>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Accustomance</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cus"tom*ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>accoustumance</ets>, F. <ets>accoutumance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Custom; habitual use.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Accustomarily</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cus"tom*a*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Customarily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Accustomary</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cus"tom*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Usual; customary.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Featley.</i>

<h1>Accustomed</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cus"tomed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Familiar through use; usual; customary.</def> "An <i>accustomed</i> action."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Frequented by customers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A well <i>accustomed</i> shop."

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Accustomedness</h1>
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<hw>Ac*cus"tomed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Habituation.</def>

<blockquote><b>Accustomedness</b> to sin hardens the heart.
<i>Bp. Pearce.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ace</h1>
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<hw>Ace</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aces</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>as</ets>, F. <ets>as</ets>, fr. L. <ets>as</ets>, <ets>assis</ets>, unity, copper coin, the unit of coinage. Cf. <er>As</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A unit; a single point or spot on a card or die; the card or die so marked; <as>as, the <ex>ace</ex> of diamonds</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A very small quantity or degree; a particle; an atom; a jot.</def>

<blockquote>I 'll not wag an <b>ace</b> further.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To bate an ace</col>, <cd>to make the least abatement. <mark>[Obs.]M/mark></cd> -- <col>Within an ace of</col>, <cd>very near; on the point of.</cd></cs>

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<h1>Aceldama</h1>
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<hw>A*cel"da*ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. Syr. <ets>\'d3k\'c7l dam\'d3</ets> the field of blood.]</ety> <def>The potter's field, said to have lain south of Jerusalem, purchased with the bribe which Judas took for betraying his Master, and therefore called <i>the field of blood</i>. Fig.: A field of bloodshed.</def>

<blockquote>The system of warfare . . . which had already converted immense tracts into one universal <b>aceldama</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acentric</h1>
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<hw>A*cen"tric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a point, a center.]</ety> <def>Not centered; without a center.</def>

<h1>Acephal</h1>
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<hw>Ac"e*phal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ head: cf. F. <ets>ac\'82phale</ets>, LL. <ets>acephalus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Acephala.</def>

<h1>Acephala</h1>
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<hw>A*ceph"a*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, adj. neut. pl., headless. See <er>Acephal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That division of the Mollusca which includes the bivalve shells, like the clams and oysters; -- so called because they have no evident head. Formerly the group included the Tunicata, Brachiopoda, and sometimes the Bryozoa. See <er>Mollusca</er>.</def>

<h1>Acephalan</h1>
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<hw>A*ceph"a*lan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Acephal</er>.</def>

<h1>Acephalan</h1>
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<hw>A*ceph"a*lan</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Acephala.</def>

<h1>Acephali</h1>
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<hw>A*ceph"a*li</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[LL., pl. of <ets>acephalus</ets>. See <er>Acephal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fabulous people reported by ancient writers to have heads.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A Christian sect without a leader.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Bishops and certain clergymen not under regular diocesan control.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A class of levelers in the time of K. Henry I.</def>

<h1>Acephalist</h1>
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<hw>A*ceph"a*list</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who acknowledges no head or superior.</def>

<i>Dr. Gauden.</i>

<h1>Acephalocyst</h1>
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<hw>A*ceph"a*lo*cyst</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without a head + <?/ bladder.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A larval entozo\'94n in the form of a subglobular or oval vesicle, or hy datid, filled with fluid, sometimes found in the tissues of man and the lower animals; -- so called from the absence of a head or visible organs on the vesicle. These cysts are the immature stages of certain tapeworms. Also applied to similar cysts of different origin.</def>

<h1>Acephalocystic</h1>
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<hw>A*ceph`a*lo*cys"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the acephalocysts.</def>

<h1>Acephalous</h1>
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<hw>A*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Acephal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Headless.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without a distinct head; -- a term applied to bivalve mollusks.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the style spring from the base, instead of from the apex, as is the case in certain ovaries.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Without a leader or chief.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Wanting the beginning.</def>

<blockquote>A false or <b>acephalous</b> structure of sentence.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Deficient and the beginning, as a line of poetry.</def>

<i>Brande.</i>

<h1>Acerate</h1>
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<hw>Ac"er*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Aceric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combination of aceric acid with a salifiable base.</def>

<h1>Acerate</h1>
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<hw>Ac"er*ate</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Acerose; needle-shaped.</def>

<h1>Acerb</h1>
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<hw>A*cerb"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acerbus</ets>, fr. <ets>acer</ets> sharp: cf. F. <ets>acerbe</ets>. See <er>Acrid</er>.]</ety> <def>Sour, bitter, and harsh to the taste, as unripe fruit; sharp and harsh.</def>

<h1>Acerbate</h1>
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<hw>A*cerb"ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acerbatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>acerbare</ets>, fr. <ets>acerbus</ets>.]</ety> <def>To sour; to imbitter; to irritate.</def>

<h1>Acerbic</h1>
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<hw>A*cerb"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sour or severe.</def>

<h1>Acerbitude</h1>
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<hw>A*cerb"i*tude</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acerbitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>acerbus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sourness and harshness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Acerbity</h1>
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<hw>A*cerb"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>acerbit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>acerbitas</ets>, fr. <ets>acerbus</ets>. See <er>Acerb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sourness of taste, with bitterness and astringency, like that of unripe fruit.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Harshness, bitterness, or severity; <as>as, <ex>acerbity</ex> of temper, of language, of pain</as>.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Aceric</h1>
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<hw>A*cer"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acer</ets> maple.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, the maple; <as>as, <ex>aceric</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Acerose</h1>
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<hw>Ac"er*ose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[(a) L. <ets>acerosus</ets> chaffy, fr. <ets>acus</ets>, gen. <ets>aceris</ets>, chaff; (b) as if fr. L. <ets>acus</ets> needle: cf. F. <ets>ac\'82reux</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the nature of chaff; chaffy.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Needle-shaped, having a sharp, rigid point, as the leaf of the pine.</def>

<h1>Acerous</h1>
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<hw>Ac"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Acerose</er>.</def>

<h1>Acerous</h1>
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<hw>Ac"er*ous</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. &a; priv. + &keras;  a horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Destitute of tentacles, as certain mollusks.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Without antenn\'91, as some insects.</def>

<h1>Acerval</h1>
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<hw>A*cer"val</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acervalis</ets>, fr. <ets>acervus</ets> heap.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a heap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Acervate</h1>
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<hw>A*cer"vate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acervatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>acervare</ets> to heap up, fr. <ets>acervus</ets> heap.]</ety> <def>To heap up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Acervate</h1>
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<hw>A*cer"vate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Heaped, or growing in heaps, or closely compacted clusters.</def>

<h1>Acervation</h1>
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<hw>Ac`er*va"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acervatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A heaping up; accumulation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Acervative</h1>
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<hw>A*cer"va*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Heaped up; tending to heap up.</def>

<h1>Acervose</h1>
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<hw>A*cer"vose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of heaps.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Acervuline</h1>
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<hw>A*cer"vu*line</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling little heaps.</def>

<h1>Acescence, Acescency</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*ces"cence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*ces"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>acescence</ets>. See <er>Acescent</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being acescent; the process of acetous fermentation; a moderate degree of sourness.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Acescent</h1>
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<hw>A*ces"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>acescere</ets> to turn sour; inchoative of <ets>acere</ets> to be sour: cf. F. <ets>acescent</ets>. See <er>Acid</er>.]</ety> <def>Turning sour; readily becoming tart or acid; slightly sour.</def>

<i>Faraday.</i>

<h1>Acescent</h1>
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<hw>A*ces"cent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A substance liable to become sour.</def>

<h1>Acetable</h1>
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<hw>Ac"e*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An acetabulum; or about one eighth of a pint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Acetabular</h1>
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<hw>Ac`e*tab"u*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cup-shaped; saucer-shaped; acetabuliform.</def>

<h1>Acetabulifera</h1>
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<hw>Ac`e*tab`u*lif"e*ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Acetabuliferous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of Cephalopoda in which the arms are furnished with cup-shaped suckers, as the cuttlefishes, squids, and octopus; the Dibranchiata. See <er>Cephalopoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Acetabuliferous</h1>
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<hw>Ac`e*tab`u*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>acetablum</ets> a little cup + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Furnished with fleshy cups for adhering to bodies, as cuttlefish, etc.</def>

<h1>Acetabuliform</h1>
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<hw>Ac`e*tab"u*li*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acetabulum + -form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a shallow; saucer-shaped; <as>as, an <ex>acetabuliform</ex> calyx</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Acetabulum</h1>
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<hw>Ac`e*tab"u*lum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a little saucer for vinegar, fr. <ets>acetum</ets> vinegar, fr. <ets>acere</ets> to be sour.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A vinegar cup; socket of the hip bone; a measure of about one eighth of a pint, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bony cup which receives the head of the thigh bone.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cavity in which the leg of an insect is inserted at its articulation with the body.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A sucker of the sepia or cuttlefish and related animals.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The large posterior sucker of the leeches.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>One of the lobes of the placenta in ruminating animals.</def>

<h1>Acetal</h1>
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<hw>Ac"e*tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Acet</ets>ic + <ets>al</ets>cohol.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A limpid, colorless, inflammable liquid from the slow oxidation of alcohol under the influence of platinum black.</def>

<h1>Acetaldehyde</h1>
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<hw>Ac`et*al"de*hyde</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Acetic aldehyde. See <er>Aldehyde</er>.</def>

<h1>Acetamide</h1>
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<hw>Ac`et*am"ide</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Acet</ets>yl + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline solid, from ammonia by replacement of an equivalent of hydrogen by acetyl.</def>

<h1>Acetanilide</h1>
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<hw>Ac`et*an"i*lide</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Acet</ets>yl + <ets>anilide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A compound of aniline with acetyl, used to allay fever or pain; -- called also <altname>antifebrine</altname>.</def>

<h1>Acetarious</h1>
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<hw>Ac`e*ta"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acetaria</ets>, n. pl., salad, fr. <ets>acetum</ets> vinegar, fr. <ets>acere</ets> to be sour.]</ety> <def>Used in salads; <as>as, <ex>acetarious</ex> plants</as>.</def>

<-- p. 15  -->

<h1>Acetary</h1>
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<hw>Ac"e*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acetaria</ets> salad plants.]</ety> <def>An acid pulp in certain fruits, as the pear.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Acetate</h1>
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<hw>Ac"e*tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acetum</ets> vinegar, fr. <ets>acere</ets> to be sour.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt formed by the union of acetic acid with a base or positive radical; <as>as, <ex>acetate</ex> of lead, <ex>acetate</ex> of potash</as>.</def>

<h1>Acetated</h1>
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<hw>Ac"e*ta`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Combined with acetic acid.</def>

<h1>Acetic</h1>
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<hw>A*ce"tic</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acetum</ets> vinegar, fr. <ets>acere</ets> to be sour.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of a pertaining to vinegar; producing vinegar; producing vinegar; <as>as, <ex>acetic</ex> fermentation</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to, containing, or derived from, acetyl, <as>as <ex>acetic</ex> ether, <ex>acetic</ex> acid</as>. The latter is the acid to which the sour taste of vinegar is due.</def>

<h1>Acetification</h1>
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<hw>A*cet`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of making acetous or sour; the process of converting, or of becoming converted, into vinegar.</def>

<h1>Acetifier</h1>
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<hw>A*cet"i*fi`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An apparatus for hastening acetification.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Acetify</h1>
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<hw>A*cet"i*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acetified</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acetifying</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>acetum</ets> vinegar + <ets>-fly</ets>.]</ety> <def>To convert into acid or vinegar.</def>

<h1>Acetify</h1>
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<hw>A*cet"i*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To turn acid.</def>

<i>Encyc. Dom. Econ.</i>

<h1>Acetimeter</h1>
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<hw>Ac`e*tim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acetum</ets> vinegar + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ac\'82tim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for estimating the amount of acetic acid in vinegar or in any liquid containing acetic acid.</def>

<h1>Acetimetry</h1>
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<hw>Ac`e*tim"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or method of ascertaining the strength of vinegar, or the proportion of acetic acid contained in it.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Acetin</h1>
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<hw>Ac"e*tin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combination of acetic acid with glycerin.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Acetize</h1>
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<hw>Ac"e*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To acetify.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Acetometer</h1>
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<hw>Ac`e*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Acetimeter</er>.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Acetone</h1>
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<hw>Ac"e*tone</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Acetic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A volatile liquid consisting of three parts of carbon, six of hydrogen, and one of oxygen; pyroacetic spirit, -- obtained by the distillation of certain acetates, or by the destructive distillation of citric acid, starch, sugar, or gum, with quicklime.</def>

<note>&hand; The term in also applied to a number of bodies of similar constitution, more frequently called <i>ketones</i>. See <er>Ketone</er>.</note>

<h1>Acetonic</h1>
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<hw>Ac`e*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to acetone; <as>as, <ex>acetonic</ex> bodies</as>.</def>

<h1>Acetose</h1>
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<hw>Ac"e*tose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sour like vinegar; acetous.</def>

<h1>Acetosity</h1>
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<hw>Ac`e*tos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>acetositas</ets>. See <er>Acetous</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being acetous; sourness.</def>

<h1>Acetous</h1>
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<hw>A*ce"tous</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acetum</ets> vinegar, fr. <ets>acere</ets> to be sour.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a sour taste; sour; acid.</def>   "An <i>acetous</i> spirit." <i>Boyle</i>. "A liquid of an <i>acetous</i> kind."

<i>Bp. Lowth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing, or connected with, acetification; <as>as, <ex>acetous</ex> fermentation</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Acetous acid</col>, <cd>a name formerly given to vinegar<-- which contains acetic acid -->.</cd></cs>

<h1>Acetyl</h1>
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<hw>Ac"e*tyl</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acetum</ets> vinegar + Gr. <?/ substance. See <er>-yl</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A complex, hypothetical radical, composed of two parts of carbon to three of hydrogen and one of oxygen. Its hydroxide is acetic acid.</def>

<h1>Acetylene</h1>
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<hw>A*cet"y*lene</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A gaseous compound of carbon and hydrogen, in the proportion of two atoms of the former to two of the latter. It is a colorless gas, with a peculiar, unpleasant odor, and is produced for use as an illuminating gas in a number of ways, but chiefly by the action of water on calcium carbide. Its light is very brilliant.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Ach, Ache</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ach</hw>, <hw>Ache</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ache</ets>, L. <ets>apium</ets> parsley.]</ety> <def>A name given to several species of plants; <as>as, smallage, wild celery, parsley</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Ach\'91an, Achaian</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*ch\'91"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*cha"ian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Achaeus</ets>, <ets>Achaius</ets>; Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Achaia in Greece; also, Grecian.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native of Achaia; a Greek.</def></def2>

<h1>Acharnement</h1>
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<hw>A*char"ne*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Savage fierceness; ferocity.</def>

<h1>Achate</h1>
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<hw>Ach"ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An agate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Achate</h1>
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<hw>A*chate"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>achat</ets> purchase. See <er>Cates</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Purchase; bargaining.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Provisions. Same as <er>Cates</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Achatina</h1>
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<hw>Ach`a*ti"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ agate.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of land snails, often large, common in the warm parts of America and Africa.</def>

<h1>Achatour</h1>
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<hw>A*cha*tour"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cater</er>.]</ety> <def>Purveyor; acater.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ache</h1>
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<hw>Ache</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ache</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91ce</ets>, <ets>ece</ets>, fr. <ets>acan</ets> to ache. See <er>Ache</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Continued pain, as distinguished from sudden twinges, or spasmodic pain. "Such an <i>ache</i> in my bones."</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; Often used in composition, as, a head<i>ache</i>, an ear<i>ache</i>, a tooth<i>ache</i>.</note>

<h1>Ache</h1>
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<hw>Ache</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ached</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aching</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aken</ets>, AS. <ets>acan</ets>, both strong verbs, AS. <ets>acan</ets>, imp. <ets>\'d3c</ets>, p. p. <ets>acen</ets>, to ache; perh. orig. to drive, and akin to <ets>agent</ets>.]</ety> <def>To suffer pain; to have, or be in, pain, or in continued pain; to be distressed.</def> "My old bones <i>ache</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The sins that in your conscience <b>ache</b>.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Achean</h1>
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<hw>A*che"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ach\'91an</er>, <er>Achaian</er>.</def>

<h1>Achene, Achenium</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*chene"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*che"ni*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ to gape.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small, dry, indehiscent fruit, containing a single seed, as in the buttercup; -- called a <i>naked seed</i> by the earlier botanists.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>akene</asp> and <asp>ach\'91nium</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Achenial</h1>
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<hw>A*che"ni*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an achene.</def>

<h1>Acheron</h1>
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<hw>Ach"e*ron</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A river in the Nether World or infernal regions; also, the infernal regions themselves. By some of the English poets it was supposed to be a flaming lake or gulf.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Acherontic</h1>
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<hw>Ach`e*ron"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Acheron; infernal; hence, dismal, gloomy; moribund.</def>

<h1>Achievable</h1>
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<hw>A*chiev"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being achieved.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Achievance</h1>
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<hw>A*chiev"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>achevance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Achievement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Achieve</h1>
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<hw>A*chieve"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Achieved</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Achieving</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>acheven</ets>, OF. <ets>achever</ets>, <ets>achiever</ets>, F. <ets>achever</ets>, to finish; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>chief</ets>, F. <ets>chef</ets>, end, head, fr. L. <ets>caput</ets> head. See <er>Chief</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To carry on to a final close; to bring out into a perfected state; to accomplish; to perform; -- as, to <i>achieve</i> a feat, an exploit, an enterprise.</def>

<blockquote>Supposing faculties and powers to be the same, far more may be <b>achieved</b> in any line by the aid of a capital, invigorating motive than without it.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To obtain, or gain, as the result of exertion; to succeed in gaining; to win.</def>

<blockquote>Some are born great, some <b>achieve</b> greatness.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou hast <b>achieved</b> our liberty.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>[[Obs]., with a material thing as the aim.]</note>

<blockquote>Show all the spoils by valiant kings <b>achieved</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He hath <b>achieved</b> a maid
That paragons description.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To finish; to kill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To accomplish; effect; fulfill; complete; execute; perform; realize; obtain. See <er>Accomplish</er>.</syn>

<h1>Achievement</h1>
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<hw>A*chieve"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ach\'8avement</ets>, E. <er>Hatchment</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of achieving or performing; an obtaining by exertion; successful performance; accomplishment; <as>as, the <ex>achievement</ex> of his object</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A great or heroic deed; something accomplished by valor, boldness, or praiseworthy exertion; a feat.</def>

<blockquote>[The exploits] of the ancient saints . . . do far surpass the most famous <b>achievements</b> of pagan heroes.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The highest <b>achievements</b> of the human intellect.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>An escutcheon or ensign armorial; now generally applied to the funeral shield commonly called <i>hatchment</i>.</def>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<h1>Achiever</h1>
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<hw>A*chiev"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who achieves; a winner.</def>

<h1>Achillean</h1>
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<hw>Ach`il*le"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling Achilles, the hero of the Iliad; invincible.</def>

<h1>Achilles' tendon</h1>
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<hw>A*chil"les' ten"don</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Achillis tendo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The strong tendon formed of the united tendons of the large muscles in the calf of the leg, an inserted into the bone of the heel; -- so called from the mythological account of Achilles being held by the heel when dipped in the River Styx.</def>

<h1>Achilous</h1>
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<hw>A*chi"lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ lip.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Without a lip.</def>

<h1>Aching</h1>
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<hw>Ach"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That aches; continuously painful. See <er>Ache</er>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ach"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>The <b>aching</b> heart, the <b>aching</b> head.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Achiote</h1>
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<hw>A`chi*o"te</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>achiote</ets>, fr. Indian <ets>achiotl</ets>.]</ety> <def>Seeds of the annotto tree; also, the coloring matter, annotto.</def>

<h1>Achlamydate</h1>
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<hw>A*chlam"y*date</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/. <?/. a short cloak.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Not possessing a mantle; -- said of certain gastropods.</def>

<h1>Achlamydeous</h1>
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<hw>Ach`la*myd"e*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Naked; having no floral envelope, neither calyx nor corolla.</def>

<h1>Acholia</h1>
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<hw>A*cho"li*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ bile.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Deficiency or want of bile.</def>

<h1>Acholous</h1>
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<hw>Ach"o*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Lacking bile.</def>

<h1>Achromatic</h1>
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<hw>Ach`ro*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ colorless; <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, color: cf. F. <ets>achromatique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Free from color; transmitting light without decomposing it into its primary colors.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Uncolored; not absorbing color from a fluid; -- said of tissue.</def>

<cs><col>Achromatic lens</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>a lens composed usually of two separate lenses, a convex and concave, of substances having different refractive and dispersive powers, as crown and flint glass, with the curvatures so adjusted that the chromatic aberration produced by the one is corrected by other, and light emerges from the compound lens undecomposed.</cd> -- <col>Achromatic prism</col>. <cd>See <er>Prism</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Achromatic telescope</col>, or <col>microscope</col></mcol>, <cd>one in which the chromatic aberration is corrected, usually by means of a compound or achromatic object glass, and which gives images free from extraneous color.</cd></cs>

<h1>Achromatically</h1>
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<hw>Ach`ro*mat"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an achromatic manner.</def>

<h1>Achromaticity</h1>
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<hw>Ach`ro*ma*tic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Achromatism.</def>

<h1>Achromatin</h1>
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<hw>A*chro"ma*tin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Tissue which is not stained by fluid dyes.</def>

<i>W. Flemming.</i>

<h1>Achromatism</h1>
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<hw>A*chro"ma*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>achromatisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being achromatic; <as>as, the <ex>achromatism</ex> of a lens</as>; achromaticity.</def>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<h1>Achromatization</h1>
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<hw>A*chro`ma*ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>achromatisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of achromatizing.</def>

<h1>Achromatize</h1>
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<hw>A*chro"ma*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Achromatized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Achromatizing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ color.]</ety> <def>To deprive of color; to make achromatic.</def>

<h1>Achromatopsy</h1>
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<hw>A*chro"ma*top"sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ color + <?/ sight.]</ety> <def>Color blindness; inability to distinguish colors; Daltonism.</def>

<h1>Achronic</h1>
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<hw>A*chron"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Acronyc</er>.</def>

<h1>Achro\'94dextrin</h1>
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<hw>Ach`ro*\'94*dex"trin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ colorless + E. <ets>dextrin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Dextrin not colorable by iodine. See <er>Dextrin</er>.</def>

<h1>Achroous</h1>
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<hw>Ach"ro*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ color.]</ety> <def>Colorless; achromatic.</def>

<h1>Achylous</h1>
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<hw>A*chy"lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without juice.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Without chyle.</def>

<h1>Achymous</h1>
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<hw>A*chy"mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without juice.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Without chyme.</def>

<h1>Acicula</h1>
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<hw>A*cic"u*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Acicul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a small needle, dimin. of <ets>acus</ets> needle.]</ety> <fld>(Nat. <i>Hist</i>.)</fld> <def>One of the needlelike or bristlelike spines or prickles of some animals and plants; also, a needlelike crystal.</def>

<h1>Acicular</h1>
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<hw>A*cic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Needle-shaped; slender like a needle or bristle, as some leaves or crystals; also, having sharp points like needless.</def>

<wordforms><wf>A*cic"u*lar*ly</wf>, <tt>adv</tt></wordforms>.

<h1>Aciculate, Aciculated</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*cic"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*cic"u*la"ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Furnished with acicul\'91.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Acicular.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Marked with fine irregular streaks as if scratched by a needle.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<h1>Aciculiform</h1>
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<hw>A*cic"u*li*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acicula</ets> needle + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Needle-shaped; acicular.</def>

<h1>Aciculite</h1>
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<hw>A*cic"u*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Needle ore.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Acid</h1>
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<hw>Ac"id</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acidus</ets> sour, fr. the root <ets>ak</ets> to be sharp: cf. F. <ets>acide</ets>. Cf. <er>Acute</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sour, sharp, or biting to the taste; tart; having the taste of vinegar: as, <i>acid</i> fruits or liquors. Also fig.: Sour-tempered.</def>

<blockquote>He was stern and his face as <b>acid</b> as ever.
<i>A. Trollope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an acid; <as>as, <ex>acid</ex> reaction</as>.</def>

<h1>Acid</h1>
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<hw>Ac"id</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sour substance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a class of compounds, generally but not always distinguished by their sour taste, solubility in water, and reddening of vegetable blue or violet colors. They are also characterized by the power of destroying the distinctive properties of alkalies or bases, combining with them to form salts, at the same time losing their own peculiar properties. They all contain hydrogen, united with a more negative element or radical, either alone, or more generally with oxygen, and take their names from this negative element or radical. Those which contain no oxygen are sometimes called <i>hydracids</i> in distinction from the others which are called <i>oxygen acids</i> or <i>oxacids</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; In certain cases, sulphur, selenium, or tellurium may take the place of oxygen, and the corresponding compounds are called respectively <i>sulphur acids</i> or <i>sulphacids</i>, <i>selenium acids</i>, or <i>tellurium acids</i>. When the hydrogen of an acid is replaced by a positive element or radical, a salt is formed, and hence acids are sometimes named as salts of hydrogen; as <i>hydrogen nitrate</i> for nitric acid, <i>hydrogen sulphate</i> for sulphuric acid, etc. In the old chemistry the name <i>acid</i> was applied to the oxides of the negative or nonmetallic elements, now sometimes called <i>anhydrides</i>.</note>

<h1>Acidic</h1>
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<hw>A*cid"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Containing a high percentage of silica; -- opposed to <i>basic</i>.</def>

<-- 2. of or relating to acid; having the character of an acid, as <i>an acidic solution</i>. -->

<h1>Acidiferous</h1>
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<hw>Ac`id*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acidus</ets> sour + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing or yielding an acid.</def>

<h1>Acidifiable</h1>
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<hw>A*cid"i*fi`a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being acidified, or converted into an acid.</def>

<h1>Acidific</h1>
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<hw>Ac`id*if"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Producing acidity; converting into an acid.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Acidification</h1>
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<hw>A*cid`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>acidification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of acidifying, or changing into an acid.</def>

<h1>Acidifier</h1>
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<hw>A*cid"i*fi`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A simple or compound principle, whose presence is necessary to produce acidity, as oxygen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, etc.</def>

<h1>Acidify</h1>
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<hw>A*cid"i*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acidified</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acidifying</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>acidus</ets> sour, acid + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acidifier</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make acid; to convert into an acid; <as>as, to <ex>acidify</ex> sugar</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sour; to imbitter.</def>

<blockquote>His thin existence all <b>acidified</b> into rage.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acidimeter</h1>
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<hw>Ac`id*im"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acidus</ets> acid + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An instrument for ascertaining the strength of acids.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Acidimetry</h1>
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<hw>Ac`id*im"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acidus</ets> acid + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The measurement of the strength of acids, especially by a chemical process based on the law of chemical combinations, or the fact that, to produce a complete reaction, a certain definite weight of reagent is required.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ac`id*i*met"ric*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Acidity</h1>
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<hw>A*cid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acidites</ets>, fr. <ets>acidus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acidit\'82</ets>. See <er>Acid</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being sour; sourness; tartness; sharpness to the taste; <as>as, the <ex>acidity</ex> of lemon juice</as>.</def>

<h1>Acidly</h1>
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<hw>Ac"id*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Sourly; tartly.</def>

<h1>Acidness</h1>
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<hw>Ac"id*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Acidity; sourness.</def>

<h1>Acidulate</h1>
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<hw>A*cid"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acidulated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acidulating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aciduler</ets>. See <er>Acidulous</er>.]</ety> <def>To make sour or acid in a moderate degree; to sour somewhat.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Acidulent</h1>
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<hw>A*cid"u*lent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having an acid quality; sour; acidulous.</def> "With anxious, <i>acidulent</i> face."

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Acidulous</h1>
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<hw>A*cid"u*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acidulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>acidus</ets>. See Acid.]</ety> <def>Slightly sour; sub-acid; sourish; <as>as, an <ex>acidulous</ex> tincture</as>.</def>

<i>E. Burke.</i>

<cs><col>Acidulous mineral waters</col>, <cd>such as contain carbonic anhydride.</cd></cs>

<h1>Acierage</h1>
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<hw>Ac`i*er*age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aci\'82rage</ets>, fr. <ets>acier</ets> steel.]</ety> <def>The process of coating the surface of a metal plate (as a stereotype plate) with steellike iron by means of voltaic electricity; steeling.</def>

<h1>Aciform</h1>
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<hw>Ac"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acus</ets> needle + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like a needle.</def>

<h1>Acinaceous</h1>
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<hw>Ac"i*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acinus</ets> a grape, grapestone.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Containing seeds or stones of grapes, or grains like them.</def>

<h1>Acinaces</h1>
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<hw>A*cin"a*ces</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Hist.)</fld> <def>A short sword or saber.</def>

<h1>Acinaciform</h1>
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<hw>Ac`i*nac"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acinaces</ets> a short sword + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acinaciforme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Scimeter-shaped; <as>as, an <ex>acinaciform</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Acinesia</h1>
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<hw>Ac`i*ne"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Akinesia</er>.</def>

<h1>Acinet\'91</h1>
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<hw>Ac`i*ne"t\'91</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ immovable.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of suctorial Infusoria, which in the adult stage are stationary. See <er>Suctoria</er>.</def>

<h1>Acinetiform</h1>
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<hw>Ac`i*net"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Acinet\'91</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling the Acinet\'91.</def>

<h1>Aciniform</h1>
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<hw>A*cin"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acinus</ets> a grape, grapestone + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acinoforme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the form of a cluster of grapes; clustered like grapes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Full of small kernels like a grape.</def>

<h1>Acinose, Acinous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ac"i*nose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac"i*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acinosus</ets>, fr. acinus grapestone.]</ety> <def>Consisting of <i>acini</i>, or minute granular concretions; <as>as, <ex>acinose</ex> or <ex>acinous</ex> glands</as>.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<hr>
<page="16">
Page 16<p>

<h1>Acinus</h1>
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<hw>Ac"i*nus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Acini</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., grape, grapestone.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the small grains or drupelets which make up some kinds of fruit, as the blackberry, raspberry, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A grapestone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the granular masses which constitute a racemose or compound gland, as the pancreas; also, one of the saccular recesses in the lobules of a racemose gland.</def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<h1>Acipenser</h1>
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<hw>Ac`i*pen"ser</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the name of a fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of ganoid fishes, including the sturgeons, having the body armed with bony scales, and the mouth on the under side of the head. See <er>Sturgeon</er>.</def>

<h1>Aciurgy</h1>
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<hw>Ac"i*ur`gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a point + <?/ work.]</ety> <def>Operative surgery.</def>

<h1>Acknow</h1>
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<hw>Ac*know"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>know</ets>; AS. <ets>oncn\'bewan</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To recognize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "You will not be <i>acknown</i>, sir."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To acknowledge; to confess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>To be acknown</col> (often with <i>of<i> or <i>on<i>), <cd>to acknowledge; to confess.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>

<blockquote>We say of a stubborn body that standeth still in the denying of his fault, This man will not acknowledge his fault, or, He will not <b>be acknown</b> of his fault.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acknowledge</h1>
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<hw>Ac*knowl"edge</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acknowledged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acknowledging</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. fr. pref. <ets>a-</ets> + the verb <ets>knowledge</ets>. See <er>Knowledge</er>, and <er>ci</er>. <er>Acknow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To of or admit the knowledge of; to recognize as a fact or truth; to declare one's belief in; <as>as, to <ex>acknowledge</ex> the being of a God</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>acknowledge</b> my transgressions.
<i>Ps. li. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For ends generally <b>acknowledged</b> to be good.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To own or recognize in a particular character or relationship; to admit the claims or authority of; to give recognition to.</def>

<blockquote>In all thy ways <b>acknowledge</b> Him.
<i>Prov. iii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By my soul, I'll ne'er <b>acknowledge</b> thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To own with gratitude or as a benefit or an obligation; <as>as, to <ex>acknowledge</ex> a favor, the receipt of a letter</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They his gifts <b>acknowledged</b> none.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To own as genuine; to assent to, as a legal instrument, to give it validity; to avow or admit in legal form; <as>as, to <ex>acknowledge</ex>a deed</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To avow; proclaim; recognize; own; admit; allow; concede; confess.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Acknowledge</er>, <er>Recognize</er>. <i>Acknowledge</i> is opposed to <i>keep back</i>, or <i>conceal</i>, and supposes that something had been previously known to us (though perhaps not to others) which we now feel bound to lay open or make public. Thus, a man <i>acknowledges</i> a secret marriage; one who has done wrong <i>acknowledges</i> his fault; and author <i>acknowledges</i> his obligation to those who have aided him; we <i>acknowledge</i> our ignorance. <i>Recognize</i> supposes that we have either forgotten or not had the evidence of a thing distinctly before our minds, but that now we know it (as it were) anew, or receive and admit in on the ground of the evidence it brings. Thus, we <i>recognize</i> a friend after a long absence. We <i>recognize</i> facts, principles, truths, etc., when their evidence is brought up fresh to the mind; as, bad men usually <i>recognize</i> the providence of God in seasons of danger. A foreign minister, consul, or agent, of any kind, is <i>recognized</i> on the ground of his producing satisfactory credentials.  See also <er>Confess</er>.</usage>

<h1>Acknowledgedly</h1>
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<hw>Ac*knowl"edged*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Confessedly.</def>

<h1>Acknowledger</h1>
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<hw>Ac*knowl"edg*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who acknowledges.</def>

<h1>Acknowledgment</h1>
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<hw>Ac*knowl"edg*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of acknowledging; admission; avowal; owning; confession.</def> "An <i>acknowledgment</i> of fault."

<i>Froude.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of owning or recognized in a particular character or relationship; recognition as regards the existence, authority, truth, or genuineness.</def>

<blockquote>Immediately upon the <b>acknowledgment</b> of the Christian faith, the eunuch was baptized by Philip.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The owning of a benefit received; courteous recognition; expression of thanks.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Something given or done in return for a favor, message, etc.</def>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A declaration or avowal of one's own act, to give it legal validity; <as>as, the <ex>acknowledgment</ex> of a deed before a proper officer</as>. Also, the certificate of the officer attesting such declaration.</def>

<cs><col>Acknowledgment money</col>, <cd>in some parts of England, a sum paid by copyhold tenants, on the death of their landlords, as an acknowledgment of their new lords.</cd>

<i>Cowell.</i>
</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Confession; concession; recognition; admission; avowal; recognizance.</syn>

<h1>Aclinic</h1>
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<hw>A*clin"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ to incline.]</ety> <fld>(Physics.)</fld> <def>Without inclination or dipping; -- said the magnetic needle balances itself horizontally, having no dip.  The <i>aclinic line</i> is also termed the <i>magnetic equator</i>.</def>

<i>Prof. August.</i>

<h1>Acme</h1>
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<hw>Ac"me</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ point, top.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The top or highest point; the culmination.</def>

<blockquote>The very <b>acme</b> and pitch of life for epic poetry.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The moment when a certain power reaches the <b>acme</b> of its supremacy.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The crisis or height of a disease.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Mature age; full bloom of life.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Acne</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ne</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., prob. a corruption of Gr. <?/]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A pustular affection of the skin, due to changes in the sebaceous glands.</def>

<h1>Acnodal</h1>
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<hw>Ac*no"dal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to acnodes.</def>

<h1>Acnode</h1>
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<hw>Ac"node</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acus</ets> needle + E. <ets>node</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>An isolated point not upon a curve, but whose co\'94rdinates satisfy the equation of the curve so that it is considered as belonging to the curve.</def>

<h1>Acock</h1>
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<hw>A*cock"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>cock</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a cocked or turned up fashion.</def>

<h1>Acockbill</h1>
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<hw>A*cock"bill`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Prefix <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>cock + bill</ets>: with bills cocked up.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Hanging at the cathead, ready to let go, as an anchor.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Topped up; having one yardarm higher than the other.</def>

<h1>Acold</h1>
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<hw>A*cold"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Prob. p. p. of OE. <ets>acolen</ets> to grow cold or cool, AS. <ets>\'bec\'d3lian</ets> to grow cold; pref. <ets>a-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>c\'d3lian</ets> to cool. See <er>Cool</er>.]</ety> <def>Cold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Poor Tom's <i>acold</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Acologic</h1>
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<hw>Ac`o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to acology.</def>

<h1>Acology</h1>
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<hw>A*col"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ remedy + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Materia medica; the science of remedies.</def>

<h1>Acolothist</h1>
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<hw>A*col"o*thist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Acolythist</er>.</def>

<h1>Acolyctine</h1>
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<hw>Ac`o*lyc"tine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the name of the plant.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An organic base, in the form of a white powder, obtained from <i>Aconitum lycoctonum</i>.</def>

<i>Eng. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Acolyte</h1>
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<hw>Ac`o*lyte</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>acolythus</ets>, <ets>acoluthus</ets>, Gr. <?/ following, attending: cf. F. <ets>acolyte</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One who has received the highest of the four minor orders in the Catholic church, being ordained to carry the wine and water and the lights at the Mass.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who attends; an assistant.</def> "With such chiefs, and with James and John as <i>acolytes</i>."

<i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Acolyth</h1>
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<hw>Ac"o*lyth</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Acolyte</er>.</def>

<h1>Acolythist</h1>
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<hw>A*col"y*thist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An acolyte.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aconddylose, Acondylous</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*cond"dy*lose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*con"dy*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ joint.]</ety> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Being without joints; jointless.</def>

<h1>Aconital</h1>
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<hw>Ac`o*ni"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of aconite.</def>

<h1>Aconite</h1>
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<hw>Ac"o*nite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aconitum</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>aconit</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The herb wolfsbane, or monkshood; -- applied to any plant of the genus <spn>Aconitum</spn> (tribe <spn>Hellebore</spn>), all the species of which are poisonous.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An extract or tincture obtained from <i>Aconitum napellus</i>, used as a poison and medicinally.</def>

<cs><col>Winter aconite</col>, <cd>a plant <spn>(Eranthis hyemalis)</spn> allied to the aconites.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aconitia</h1>
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<hw>Ac`o*ni"ti*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Aconitine</er>.</def>

<h1>Aconitic</h1>
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<hw>Ac`o*nit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to aconite.</def>

<h1>Aconitine</h1>
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<hw>A*con"i*tine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An intensely poisonous alkaloid, extracted from aconite.</def>

<h1>Aconitum</h1>
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<hw>Ac`o*ni"tum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Aconite</er>.]</ety> <def>The poisonous herb aconite; also, an extract from it.</def>

<blockquote>Strong
As <b>aconitum</b> or rash gunpowder.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acontia</h1>
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<hw>A*con"ti*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a little dart.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Threadlike defensive organs, composed largely of nettling cells (<i>cnid\'91</i>), thrown out of the mouth or special pores of certain Actini\'91 when irritated.</def>

<h1>Acontias</h1>
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<hw>A*con"ti*as</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, dim. <?/ dart.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Anciently, a snake, called <i>dart snake</i>; now, one of a genus of reptiles closely allied to the lizards.</def>

<h1>Acopic</h1>
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<hw>A*cop"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> priv. + <?/ striking. weariness, <?/ to strike.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relieving weariness; restorative.</def>

<h1>Acorn</h1>
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<hw>A"corn</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'91cern</ets>, fr. <ets>\'91cer</ets> field, acre; akin to D. <ets>aker</ets> acorn, Ger. <ets>ecker</ets>, Icel. <ets>akarn</ets>, Dan. <ets>agern</ets>, Goth. <ets>akran</ets> fruit, <ets>akrs</ets> field; -- orig. fruit of the field. See <er>Acre</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup or cupule.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A cone-shaped piece of wood on the point of the spindle above the vane, on the mast-head.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Acorn-shell</er>.</def>

<h1>Acorn cup</h1>
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<hw>A"corn cup</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> The involucre or cup in which the acorn is fixed.</def>

<h1>Acorned</h1>
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<hw>A"corned</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Furnished or loaded with acorns.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fed or filled with acorns.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Acorn-shell</h1>
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<hw>A"corn-shell`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the sessile cirripeds; a barnacle of the genus <spn>Balanus</spn>. See <er>Barnacle</er>.</def>

<h1>Acosmism</h1>
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<hw>A*cos"mism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ world.]</ety> <def>A denial of the existence of the universe as distinct from God.</def>

<h1>Acosmist</h1>
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<hw>A*cos"mist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Acosmism</er>.]</ety> <def>One who denies the existence of the universe, or of a universe as distinct from God.</def>

<i>G. H. Lewes.</i>

<h1>Acotyledon</h1>
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<hw>A*cot`y*le"don</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ anything cup-shaped. See <er>Cotyledon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant which has no cotyledons, as the dodder and all flowerless plants.</def>

<h1>Acotyledonous</h1>
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<hw>A*cot`y*led"on*ous</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no seed lobes, as the dodder; also applied to plants which have no true seeds, as ferns, mosses, etc.</def>

<h1>Acouchy</h1>
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<hw>A*cou"chy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>acouchi</ets>, from the native name Guiana.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small species of agouti <spn>(Dasyprocta acouchy)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Acoumeter</h1>
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<hw>A*cou"me*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to hear + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the acuteness of the sense of hearing.</def>

<i>Itard.</i>

<h1>Acoumetry</h1>
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<hw>A*cou"me*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to hear + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The measuring of the power or extent of hearing.</def>

<h1>Acoustic</h1>
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<hw>A*cous"tic</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>acoustique</ets>, Gr. <?/ relating to hearing, fr. <?/ to hear.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the sense of hearing, the organs of hearing, or the science of sounds; auditory.</def>

<cs><col>Acoustic duct</col>, <cd>the auditory duct, or external passage of the ear.</cd> -- <col>Acoustic telegraph</col>, <cd>a telegraph making audible signals; a telephone.</cd> -- <col>Acoustic vessels</col>, <cd>brazen tubes or vessels, shaped like a bell, used in ancient theaters to propel the voices of the actors, so as to render them audible to a great distance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Acoustic</h1>
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<hw>A*cous"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine or agent to assist hearing.</def>

<h1>Acoustical</h1>
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<hw>A*cous"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to acoustics.</def>

<h1>Acoustically</h1>
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<hw>A*cous"tic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In relation to sound or to hearing.</def>

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Acoustician</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ous*ti"cian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in acoustics.</def>

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Acoustics</h1>
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<hw>A*cous"tics</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Names of sciences in <ets>-ics</ets>, as, <ets>acoustics</ets>, <ets>mathematics</ets>, etc., are usually treated as singular. See <er>-ics</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics.)</fld> <def>The science of sounds, teaching their nature, phenomena, and laws.</def>

<blockquote><b>Acoustics</b>, then, or the science of sound, is a very considerable branch of physics.
<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The science is, by some writers, divided, into <i>diacoustics</i>, which explains the properties of sounds coming directly from the ear; and <i>catacoustica</i>, which treats of reflected sounds or echoes.</note>

<h1>Acquaint</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quaint"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>acoint</ets>. See <er>Acquaint</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Acquainted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Acquaint</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quaint"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acquainted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acquainting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aqueinten</ets>, <ets>acointen</ets>, OF. <ets>acointier</ets>, LL. <ets>adcognitare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + cognitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cognoscere</ets> to know; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>noscere</ets> to know. See <er>Quaint</er>, <er>Know</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish or give experimental knowledge of; to make (one) to know; to make familiar; -- followed by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Before a man can speak on any subject, it is necessary to be <b>acquainted</b> with it.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A man of sorrows and <b>acquainted</b> with grief.
<i>Isa. liii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To communicate notice to; to inform; to make cognizant; -- followed by <i>with</i> (formerly, also, by <i>of</i>), or by <i>that</i>, introducing the intelligence; <as>as, to <ex>acquaint</ex> a friend with the particulars of an act</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Acquaint</b> her here of my son Paris' love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I must <b>acquaint</b> you that I have received
New dated letters from Northumberland.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To familiarize; to accustom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<cs><col>To be acquainted with</col>, <cd>to be possessed of personal knowledge of; to be cognizant of; to be more or less familiar with; to be on terms of social intercourse with.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To inform; apprise; communicate; advise.</syn>

<h1>Acquaintable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quaint"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>acointable</ets>]</ety>. <def>Easy to be acquainted with; affable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Acquaintance</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quaint"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aqueintance</ets>, OF. <ets>acointance</ets>, fr. <ets>acointier</ets>. See <er>Acquaint</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A state of being acquainted, or of having intimate, or more than slight or superficial, knowledge; personal knowledge gained by intercourse short of that of friendship or intimacy; <as>as, I know the man; but have no <ex>acquaintance</ex> with him.</as></def>

<blockquote>Contract no friendship, or even <b>acquaintance</b>, with a guileful man.
<i>Sir W. Jones.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person or persons with whom one is acquainted.</def>

<blockquote>Montgomery was an old <b>acquaintance</b> of Ferguson.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In this sense the collective term <i>acquaintance</i> was formerly both singular and plural, but it is now commonly singular, and has the regular plural <i>acquaintances</i>.</note>

<cs><col>To be of acquaintance</col>, <cd>to be intimate.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To take acquaintance of</col> or <col>with</col></mcol>, <cd>to make the acquaintance of. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Familiarity; intimacy; fellowship; knowledge.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Acquaintance</er>, <er>Familiarity</er>, <er>Intimacy</er>. These words mark different degrees of closeness in social intercourse. <i>Acquaintance</i> arises from occasional intercourse; as, our <i>acquaintance</i> has been a brief one. We can speak of a slight or an intimate <i>acquaintance</i>. <i>Familiarity</i> is the result of continued <i>acquaintance</i>. It springs from persons being frequently together, so as to wear off all restraint and reserve; as, the <i>familiarity</i> of old companions. <i>Intimacy</i> is the result of close connection, and the freest interchange of thought; as, the <i>intimacy</i> of established friendship.</usage>

<blockquote>Our admiration of a famous man lessens upon our nearer <b>acquaintance</b> with him.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We contract at last such a <b>familiarity</b> with them as makes it difficult and irksome for us to call off our minds.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is in our power to confine our friendships and <b>intimacies</b> to men of virtue.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acquaintanceship</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quaint"ance*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being acquainted; acquaintance.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Acquaintant</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quaint"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>acointant</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>An acquaintance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Acquainted</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quaint"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Personally known; familiar. See <cref>To be acquainted with</cref>, under <er>Acquaint</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Acquaintedness</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quaint"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being acquainted; degree of acquaintance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Acquest</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quest"</hw> (#), <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aquest</ets>, F. <ets>acqu\'88t</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>acquestum</ets>, <ets>acquis\'c6tum</ets>, for L. <ets>acquis\'c6tum</ets>, p. p. (used substantively) of <ets>acquirere</ets> to acquire. See <er>Acquire</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Acquisition; the thing gained.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Property acquired by purchase, gift, or otherwise than by inheritance.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Acquiesce</h1>
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<hw>Ac`qui*esce"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acquiesced</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acquiescing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>acquiescere</ets>; <ets>ad + quiescere</ets> to be quiet, fr. <ets>quies</ets> rest: cf. F. <ets>acquiescer</ets>. See <er>Quiet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rest satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or to rest without opposition and discontent (usually implying previous opposition or discontent); to accept or consent by silence or by omitting to object; -- followed by <i>in</i>, formerly also by <i>with</i> and <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>They were compelled to <b>acquiesce</b> in a government which they did not regard as just.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To concur upon conviction; <as>as, to <ex>acquiesce</ex> in an opinion</as>; to assent to; usually, to concur, not heartily but so far as to forbear opposition.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To submit; comply; yield; assent; agree; consent; accede; concur; conform; accept tacitly.</syn>

<h1>Acquiescence</h1>
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<hw>Ac`qui*es"cence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>acquiescence</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A silent or passive assent or submission, or a submission with apparent content; -- distinguished from avowed consent on the one hand, and on the other, from opposition or open discontent; quiet satisfaction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Crim. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Submission to an injury by the party injured.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Tacit concurrence in the action of another.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<i>p. 17</i>

<h1>Acquiescency</h1>
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<hw>Ac`qui*es"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being acquiescent; acquiescence.</def>

<h1>Acquiescent</h1>
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<hw>Ac`qui*es"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acquiescens</ets>, <ets>-<?/entis</ets>; p. pr.]</ety> <def>Resting satisfied or submissive; disposed tacitly to submit; assentive; <as>as, an <ex>acquiescent</ex> policy</as>.</def>

<h1>Acquiescently</h1>
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<hw>Ac`qui*es"cent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an acquiescent manner.</def>

<h1>Acquiet</h1>
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<hw>Ac*qui"et</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>acquietare</ets>; L. <ets>ad + quies</ets> rest. See <er>Quiet</er> and cf. <er>Acquit</er>.]</ety> <def>To quiet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Acquiet</b> his mind from stirring you against your own peace.

<i>Sir A. Sherley.</i>

<h1>Acquirability</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quir"a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being acquirable; attainableness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Paley.</i>

<h1>Acquirable</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quir"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being acquired.</def>

<h1>Acquire</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quire"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acquired</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acquiring</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>acquirere</ets>, <ets>acquisitum</ets>; <ets>ad + quarere</ets> to seek for. In OE. was a verb <ets>aqueren</ets>, fr. the same, through OF. <ets>aquerre</ets>. See <er>Quest</er>..]</ety> <def>To gain, usually by one's own exertions; to get as one's own; <as>as, to <ex>acquire</ex> a title, riches, knowledge, skill, good or bad habits</as>.</def>

<blockquote>No virtue is <b>acquired</b> in an instant, but step by step.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Descent is the title whereby a man, on the death of his ancestor, <b>acquires</b> his estate, by right of representation, as his heir at law.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To obtain; gain; attain; procure; win; earn; secure. See <er>Obtain</er>.</syn>

<h1>Acquirement</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quire"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of acquiring, or that which is acquired; attainment.</def> "Rules for the <i>acquirement</i> of a taste."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>His <b>acquirements</b> by industry were . . . enriched and enlarged by many excellent endowments of nature.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Acquisition</er>, <er>Acquirement</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Acquirement</i> is used in opposition to a natural gift or talent; as, eloquence, and skill in music and painting, are <i>acquirements</i>; genius is the gift or endowment of nature. It denotes especially <i>personal</i> attainments, in opposition to material or external things gained, which are more usually called <i>acquisitions</i>; but this distinction is not always observed.</usage>

<h1>Acquirer</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quir"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who acquires.</def>

<h1>Acquiry</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quir"y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Acquirement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Acquisite</h1>
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<hw>Ac"qui*site</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acquisitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>acquirere</ets>. See <er>Acquire</er>.]</ety> <def>Acquired.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Acquisition</h1>
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<hw>Ac`qui*si"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acquisitio</ets>, fr. <ets>acquirere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acquisition</ets>. See <er>Acquire</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of acquiring.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>acquisition</b> or loss of a province.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thing acquired or gained; an acquirement; a gain; <as>as, learning is an <ex>acquisition</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Acquirement</er>.</syn>

<h1>Acquisitive</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quis"i*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Acquired.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He died not in his <b>acquisitive</b>, but in his native soil.
<i>Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Able or disposed to make acquisitions; acquiring; <as>as, an <ex>acquisitive</ex> person or disposition</as>.</def>

<h1>Acquisitively</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quis"i*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the way of acquisition.</def>

<h1>Acquisitiveness</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quis"i*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being acquisitive; propensity to acquire property; desire of possession.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>The faculty to which the phrenologists attribute the desire of acquiring and possessing.</def>

<i>Combe.</i>

<h1>Acquisitor</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quis"i*tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who acquires.</def>

<h1>Acquist</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quist"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Acquest</er>.]</ety> <def>Acquisition; gain.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Acquit</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quit"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Acquitted; set free; rid of.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Acquit</h1>
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<hw>Ac*quit"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acquitted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acquitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aquiten</ets>, OF. <ets>aquiter</ets>, F. <ets>acquitter</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>quiter</ets>, F. <ets>quitter</ets>, to quit. See <er>Quit</er>, and cf. <er>Acquiet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To discharge, as a claim or debt; to clear off; to pay off; to requite.</def>

<blockquote>A responsibility that can never be absolutely <b>acquitted</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pay for; to atone for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To set free, release or discharge from an obligation, duty, liability, burden, or from an accusation or charge; -- now followed by <i>of</i> before the charge, formerly by <i>from</i>; <as>as, the jury <ex>acquitted</ex> the prisoner; we <ex>acquit</ex> a man of evil intentions.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Reflexively: <sd>(a)</sd> To clear one's self.<i>k</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> To bear or conduct one's self; to perform one's part; <as>as, the soldier <ex>acquitted</ex> himself well in battle; the orator <ex>acquitted</ex> himself very poorly.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To absolve; clear; exonerate; exonerate; exculpate; release; discharge. See <er>Absolve</er>.</syn>

<h1>Acquitment</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac*quit"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>aquitement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Acquittal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Acquittal</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac*quit"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of acquitting; discharge from debt or obligation; acquittance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A setting free, or deliverance from the charge of an offense, by verdict of a jury or sentence of a court.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Acquittance</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac*quit"tance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aquitance</ets>, fr. <ets>aquiter</ets>. See <er>Acquit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The clearing off of debt or obligation; a release or discharge from debt or other liability.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A writing which is evidence of a discharge; a receipt in full, which bars a further demand.</def>

<blockquote>You can produce <b>acquittances</b>
For such a sum, from special officers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acquittance</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac*quit"tance</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To acquit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Acquitter</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac*quit"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who acquits or releases.</def>

<h1>Acrania</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>A*cra"ni*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ skull.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Partial or total absence of the skull.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lowest group of Vertebrata, including the amphioxus, in which no skull exists.</def>

<h1>Acranial</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>A*cra"ni*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wanting a skull.</def>

<h1>Acrase, Acraze</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw><hw>A*crase"</hw>, <hw>A*craze"</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>crase</ets>; or cf. F. <ets>\'82craser</ets> to crush. See <er>Crase</er>, <er>Craze</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To craze.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Grafton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To impair; to destroy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hacket.</i>

<h1>Acrasia, Acrasy</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw><hw>A*cra"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac"ra*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>akrasia</grk>.]</ety> <def>Excess; intemperance.</def> <mark>[Obs. except in <i>Med</i>.]</mark>

<i>Farindon.</i>

<h1>Acraspeda</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>A*cras"pe*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ border.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of acalephs, including most of the larger jellyfishes; the Discophora.</def>

<h1>Acre</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>A"cre</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aker</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91cer</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>accar</ets>, OHG. <ets>achar</ets>, Ger. <ets>acker</ets>, Icel. <ets>akr</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'86ker</ets>, Dan. <ets>ager</ets>, Goth. <ets>akrs</ets>, L. <ets>ager</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>ajra</ets>. \'fb2, 206.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any field of arable or pasture land.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of land, containing 160 square rods, or 4,840 square yards, or 43,560 square feet. This is the English statute acre. That of the United States is the same. The Scotch <i>acre</i> was about 1.26 of the English, and the Irish 1.62 of the English.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>acre</i> was limited to its present definite quantity by statutes of Edward I., Edward III., and Henry VIII.</note>

<cs><col>Broad acres</col>, <cd>many acres, much landed estate. <mark>[Rhetorical]</mark></cd> -- <col>God's acre</col>, <cd>God's field; the churchyard.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>I like that ancient Saxon phrase, which calls

The burial ground, <b>God's acre</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acreable</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>A"cre*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of an acre; per acre; <as>as, the <ex>acreable</ex> produce</as>.</def>

<h1>Acreage</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>A"cre*age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Acres collectively; <as>as, the <ex>acreage</ex> of a farm or a country</as>.</def>

<h1>Acred</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>A"cred</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Possessing acres or landed property; -- used in composition; <as>as, large-<ex>acred</ex> men</as>.</def>

<h1>Acrid</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"rid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acer</ets> sharp; prob. assimilated in form to <ets>acid</ets>. See <er>Eager</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sharp and harsh, or bitter and not, to the taste; pungent; <as>as, <ex>acrid</ex> salts</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing heat and irritation; corrosive; <as>as, <ex>acrid</ex> secretions</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Caustic; bitter; bitterly irritating; <as>as, <ex>acrid</ex> temper, mind, writing</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Acrid poison</col>, <cd>a poison which irritates, corrodes, or burns the parts to which it is applied.</cd></cs>

<h1>Acridity, Acridness</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw><hw>A*crid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac"rid*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being acrid or pungent; irritant bitterness; acrimony; <as>as, the <ex>acridity</ex> of a plant, of a speech</as>.</def>

<h1>Acridly</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"rid*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an acid manner.</def>

<h1>Acrimonious</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"ri*mo"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>acrimonious</ets>, F. <ets>acrimonieux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Acrid; corrosive; <as>as, <ex>acrimonious</ex> gall</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Caustic; bitter-tempered' sarcastic; <as>as, <ex>acrimonious</ex> dispute, language, temper</as>.</def>

<h1>Acrimoniously</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac`ri*mo"ni*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an acrimonious manner.</def>

<h1>Acrimoniousness</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac`ri*mo"ni*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being acrimonious; asperity; acrimony.</def>

<h1>Acrimony</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"ri*mo*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Acrimonies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>acrimonia</ets>, fr. <ets>acer</ets>, sharp: cf. F. <ets>acrimonie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A quality of bodies which corrodes or destroys others; also, a harsh or biting sharpness; <as>as, the <ex>acrimony</ex> of the juices of certain plants</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sharpness or severity, as of language or temper; irritating bitterness of disposition or manners.</def>

<blockquote>John the Baptist set himself with much <b>acrimony</b> and indignation to baffle this senseless arrogant conceit of theirs.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Acrimony</er>, <er>Asperity</er>, <er>Harshness</er>, <er>Tartness</er>.</syn> <usage> These words express different degrees of angry feeling or language. <i>Asperity</i> and <i>harshness</i> arise from angry feelings, connected with a disregard for the feelings of others. <i>Harshness</i> usually denotes needless severity or an undue measure of severity. <i>Acrimony</i> is a biting sharpness produced by an imbittered spirit. <i>Tartness</i> denotes slight asperity and implies some degree of intellectual readiness. <i>Tartness</i> of reply; <i>harshness</i> of accusation; <i>acrimony</i> of invective.</usage>

<blockquote>In his official letters he expressed, with great <b>acrimony</b>, his contempt for the king's character.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is no very cynical <b>asperity</b> not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A just reverence of mankind prevents the growth of <b>harshness</b> and brutality.
<i>Shaftesbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acrisia, Acrisy</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw><hw>A*cris"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac"ri*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>acrisia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to separate, to decide.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inability to judge.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Undecided character of a disease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Acrita</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"ri*ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ indiscernible; <?/ priv. + <?/ to distinguish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lowest groups of animals, in which no nervous system has been observed.</def>

<h1>Acritan</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"ri*tan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Acrita. -- <tt>n.</tt> An individual of the Acrita.</def>

<h1>Acrite</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"rite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Acritan.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Acritical</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>A*crit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ critical.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having no crisis; giving no indications of a crisis; <as>as, <ex>acritical</ex> symptoms, an <ex>acritical</ex> abscess</as>.</def>

<h1>Acritochromacy</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac`ri*to*chro"ma*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ undistinguishable; <?/ priv. + <?/ to separate, distinguish + <?/ color.]</ety> <def>Color blindness; achromatopsy.</def>

<h1>Acritude</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"ri*tude</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acritudo</ets>, from <ets>acer</ets> sharp.]</ety> <def>Acridity; pungency joined with heat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Acrity</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acritas</ets>, fr. <ets>acer</ets> sharp: cf. F. <ets>\'83cret\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sharpness; keenness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Acroamatic, Acroamatical</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw><hw>Ac`ro*a*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac`ro*a*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to hear.]</ety> <def>Communicated orally; oral; -- applied to the <i>esoteric</i> teachings of Aristotle, those intended for his genuine disciples, in distinction from his <i>exoteric</i> doctrines, which were adapted to outsiders or the public generally. Hence: Abstruse; profound.</def>

<h1>Acroatic</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac`ro*at"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to hear.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Acroamatic</er>.</def>

<h1>Acrobat</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"ro*bat</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>acrobate</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ walking on tiptoe, climbing aloft; <?/ high + <?/ to go.]</ety> <def>One who practices rope dancing, high vaulting, or other daring gymnastic feats.</def>

<h1>Acrobatic</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac`ro*bat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>acrobatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to an acrobat.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ac`ro*bat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Acrobatism</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"ro*bat*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Feats of the acrobat; daring gymnastic feats; high vaulting.</def>

<h1>Acrocarpous</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac`ro*car"pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ extreme, highest + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having a terminal fructification; having the fruit at the end of the stalk.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having the fruit stalks at the end of a leafy stem, as in certain mosses.</def>

<h1>Acrocephalic</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac`ro*ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ highest + <?/. See <er>Cephalic</er>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by a high skull.</def>

<h1>Acrocephaly</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac`ro*ceph"a*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Loftiness of skull.</def>

<h1>Acroceraunian</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac`ro*ce*rau"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acroceraunius</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ high, n. pl. <?/ heights + <?/ thunderbolt.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the high mountain range of "thunder-smitten" peaks (now Kimara), between Epirus and Macedonia.</def>

<i>Shelley.</i>

<h1>Acrodactylum</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac`ro*dac"tyl*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ topmost + <?/ finger.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The upper surface of the toes, individually.</def>

<h1>Acrodont</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"ro*dont</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ summit + <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group of lizards having the teeth immovably united to the top of the alveolar ridge. -- <i>a</i>. Of or pertaining to the acrodonts.</def>

<h1>Acrogen</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"ro*gen</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ extreme, high + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety>

<h1>Acrogen</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"ro*gen</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ extreme, high + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the highest class of cryptograms, including the ferns, etc. See <er>Cryptogamia</er>.</def>

<cs><col>The Age of Acrogens</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the age of coal plants, or the carboniferous era.</cd></cs>

<h1>Acrogenous</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac*rog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Increasing by growth from the extremity; <as>as, an <ex>acrogenous</ex> plant</as>.</def>

<h1>Acrolein</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>A*cro"le*in</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acer</ets> sharp + <ets>ol\'c7re</ets> to smell.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A limpid, colorless, highly volatile liquid, obtained by the dehydration of glycerin, or the destructive distillation of neutral fats containing glycerin. Its vapors are intensely irritating.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Acrolith</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"ro*lith</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acrolthus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> with the ends made of stone; <?/ extreme + <?/ stone.]</ety> <fld>(Arch. & Sculp.)</fld> <def>A statue whose extremities are of stone, the trunk being generally of wood.</def>

<i>Elmes.</i>

<h1>Acrolithan, Acrolithic</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw><hw>A*crol"i*than</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac`ro*lith"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or like, an acrolith.</def>

<h1>Acromegaly</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac`ro*meg"a*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>acromegalia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ point, peak + <?/, <?/, big.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Chronic enlargement of the extremities and face.</def>

<h1>Acromial</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>A*cro"mi*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>acromial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the acromion.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Acromion</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>A*cro"mi*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ extreme + <?/ shoulder: cf. F. <ets>acromion</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The outer extremity of the shoulder blade.</def>

<h1>Acromonogrammatic</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac`ro*mon`o*gram*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ extreme + <?/ alone + <?/ a letter.]</ety> <def>Having each verse begin with the same letter as that with which the preceding verse ends.</def>

<h1>Acronyc, Acronychal</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw><hw>A*cron"yc</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*cron"ych*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ at nightfall; <?/ + <?/ night.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Rising at sunset and setting at sunrise, as a star; -- opposed to <i>cosmical</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; The word is sometimes incorrectly written <i>acronical</i>, <i>achronychal</i>, <i>acronichal</i>, and <i>acronical</i>.</note>

<h1>Acronycally</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>A*cron"yc*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an acronycal manner as rising at the setting of the sun, and <i>vise vers\'83</i>.</def>

<h1>Acronyctous</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"ro*nyc"tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/, <?/, night.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Acronycal.</def>

<h1>Acrook</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>A*crook"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Crookedly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Acropetal</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>A*crop"e*tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ summit + L. <ets>petere</ets> to seek.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Developing from below towards the apex, or from the circumference towards the center; centripetal; -- said of certain inflorescence.</def>

<h1>Achrophony</h1>
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<hw>A*chroph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ extreme + <?/ sound.]</ety> <def>The use of a picture symbol of an object to represent phonetically the initial sound of the name of the object.</def>

<h1>Acropodium</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac`ro*po"di*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ topmost + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The entire upper surface of the foot.</def>

<h1>Acropolis</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>A*crop"o*lis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ extreme + <?/ city.]</ety> <def>The upper part, or the citadel, of a Grecian city; especially, the citadel of Athens.</def>

<h1>Acropolitan</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"ro*pol"i*tan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an acropolis.</def>

<h1>Acrospire</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"ro*spire</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ anything twisted.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The sprout at the end of a seed when it begins to germinate; the plumule in germination; -- so called from its spiral form.</def>

<h1>Acrospire</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"ro*spire</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To put forth the first sprout.</def>

<h1>Acrospore</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"ro*spore</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A spore borne at the extremity of the cells of fructification in fungi.</def>

<h1>Acrosporous</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac"ro*spor"ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having acrospores.</def>

<h1>Across</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>A*cross"</hw> <tt>(#; 115)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>cross</ets>: cf. F. <ets>en croix</ets>. See Cross, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>From side to side; athwart; crosswise, or in a direction opposed to the length; quite over; <as>as, a bridge laid <ex>across</ex> a river</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<cs><col>To come across</col>, <cd>to come upon or meet incidentally. <i>Freeman<i>.</cd> -- <col>To go across the country</col>, <cd>to go by a direct course across a region without following the roads.</cd></cs>

<h1>Across</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>A*cross"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>From side to side; crosswise; <as>as, with arms folded <ex>across</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Obliquely; athwart; amiss; awry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The squint-eyed Pharisees look <b>across</b> at all the actions of Christ.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acrostic</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>A*cros"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ extreme + <?/ order, line, verse.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A composition, usually in verse, in which the first or the last letters of the lines, or certain other letters, taken in order, form a name, word, phrase, or motto.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Hebrew poem in which the lines or stanzas begin with the letters of the alphabet in regular order (as Psalm cxix.). See <er>Abecedarian</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Double acrostic</col>, <cd>a species of enigma<-- crossword puzzle -->, in which words are to be guessed whose initial and final letters form other words.</cd></cs>

<h1>Acrostic, Acrostial</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*cros"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*cros"ti*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, acrostics.</def>

<h1>Acrostically</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>A*cros"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>After the manner of an acrostic.</def>

<h1>Acrotarsium</h1>
<Xpage=16>

<hw>Ac`ro*tar"si*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ topmost + <?/ tarsus.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The instep or front of the tarsus.</def>


<-- p.  18 -->

<h1>Acroteleutic</h1>
<Xpage=18>

<hw>Ac`ro*te*leu"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ extreme + <?/ end.]</ety> <fld>(Eccles.)</fld> <def>The end of a verse or psalm, or something added thereto, to be sung by the people, by way of a response.</def>

<h1>Acroter</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ro*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>acrot\'8are</ets>. See <er>Acroterium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Acroterium</er>.</def>

<h1>Acroterial</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ro*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an acroterium; <as>as, ornaments</as>.</def>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Acroterium</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ro*te`ri*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Acrotplwia</er> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ summit, fr. <?/ topmost.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the small pedestals, for statues or other ornaments, placed on the apex and at the basal angles of a pediment. Acroteria are also sometimes placed upon the gables in Gothic architecture.</def> <i>J. H. Parker</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the pedestals, for vases or statues, forming a part roof balustrade.</def>

<h1>Acrotic</h1>
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<hw>A*crot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an extreme, fr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to or affecting the surface.</def>

<h1>Acrotism</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ro*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a rattling, beating.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Lack or defect of pulsation.</def>

<h1>Acrotomous</h1>
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<hw>A*crot"o*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cut off sharp; <?/ extreme + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Having a cleavage parallel with the base.</def>

<h1>Acrylic</h1>
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<hw>A*cryl"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or containing <i>acryl</i>, the hypothetical radical of which acrolein is the hydride; <as>as, <ex>acrylic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Act</h1>
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<hw>Act</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>actus</ets>, fr. <ets>agere</ets> to drive, do: cf. F. <ets>acte</ets>. See <er>Agent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is done or doing; the exercise of power, or the effect, of which power exerted is the cause; a performance; a deed.</def>

<blockquote>That best portion of a good man's life,
His little, nameless, unremembered <b>acts</b>
Of kindness and of love.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

Hence, in specific uses: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The result of public deliberation; the decision or determination of a legislative body, council, court of justice, etc.; a decree, edit, law, judgment, resolve, award; <as>as, an <ex>act</ex> of Parliament, or of Congress</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A formal solemn writing, expressing that something has been done.</def> <i>Abbott</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A performance of part of a play; one of the principal divisions of a play or dramatic work in which a certain definite part of the action is completed.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A thesis maintained in public, in some English universities, by a candidate for a degree, or to show the proficiency of a student.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of reality or real existence as opposed to a possibility or possible existence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The seeds of plants are not at first in <b>act</b>, but in possibility, what they afterward grow to be.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Process of doing; action. <i>In act</i>, in the very doing; on the point of (doing).</def> "<i>In act</i> to shoot."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>This woman was taken . . . in the very <b>act</b>.
<i>John viii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Act of attainder</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See <er>Attainder</er>.</cd> -- <col>Act of bankruptcy</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an act of a debtor which renders him liable to be adjudged a bankrupt.</cd> -- <col>Act of faith</col>. <fld>(Ch. Hist.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Auto-da-F\'82</er>.</cd> -- <col>Act of God</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an inevitable accident; such extraordinary interruption of the usual course of events as is not to be looked for in advance, and against which ordinary prudence could not guard.</cd> --  <col>Act of grace</col>, <cd>an expression often used to designate an act declaring pardon or amnesty to numerous offenders, as at the beginning of a new reign.</cd> -- <col>Act of indemnity</col>, <cd>a statute passed for the protection of those who have committed some illegal act subjecting them to penalties.</cd> <i>Abbott</i>. -- <col>Act in pais</col>, <cd>a thing done out of court (anciently, in <i>the country<i>), and not a matter of record.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Action</er>.</syn>

<h1>Act</h1>
<Xpage=18>

<hw>Act</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Acted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Acting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>actus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>agere</ets> to drive, lead, do; but influenced by E. <ets>act</ets>, n.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move to action; to actuate; to animate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Self-love, the spring of motion, <b>acts</b> the soul.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To perform; to execute; to do.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>That we <b>act</b> our temporal affairs with a desire no greater than our necessity.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Industry doth beget by producing good habits, and facility of <b>acting</b> things expedient for us to do.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Uplifted hands that at convenient times
Could <b>act</b> extortion and the worst of crimes.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To perform, as an actor; to represent dramatically on the stage.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To assume the office or character of; to play; to personate; <as>as, to <ex>act</ex> the hero</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To feign or counterfeit; to simulate.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>acted</b> fear the villain thus pursued.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To act a part</col>, <cd>to sustain the part of one of the characters in a play; hence, to simulate; to dissemble.</cd> -- <col>To act the part of</col>, <cd>to take the character of; to fulfill the duties of.</cd></cs>

<h1>Act</h1>
<Xpage=18>

<hw>Act</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To exert power; to produce an effect; <as>as, the stomach <ex>acts</ex> upon food</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To perform actions; to fulfill functions; to put forth energy; to move, as opposed to remaining at rest; to carry into effect a determination of the will.</def>

<blockquote>He hangs between, in doubt to <b>act</b> or rest.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To behave or conduct, as in morals, private duties, or public offices; to bear or deport one's self; <as>as, we know not why he has <ex>acted</ex> so</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To perform on the stage; to represent a character.</def>

<blockquote>To show the world how Garrick did not <b>act</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To act as</col> &or; <col>for</col>, <cd>to do the work of; to serve as.</cd> -- <col>To act on</col>, <cd>to regulate one's conduct according to.</cd> -- <col>To act up to</col>, <cd>to equal in action; to fulfill in practice; <as>as, he has <ex>acted up to<ex> his engagement or his advantages</as>.</cd><-- to act up, to misbehave --></cs>

<h1>Actable</h1>
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<hw>Act"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being acted.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Actinal</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ti*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the part of a radiate animal which contains the mouth.</def>

<i>L. Agassiz.</i>

<h1>Actinaria</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ti*na"ri*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, <?/, ray.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large division of Anthozoa, including those which have simple tentacles and do not form stony corals. Sometimes, in a wider sense, applied to all the Anthozoa, expert the Alcyonaria, whether forming corals or not.</def>

<h1>Acting</h1>
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<hw>Act"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Operating in any way.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Doing duty for another; officiating; <as>as, an   superintendent</as>.</def>

<h1>Actinia</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tin"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Actini\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Actinias</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Latinized fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, ray.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An animal of the class Anthozoa, and family <spn>Actinid\'91</spn>.  From a resemblance to flowers in form and color, they are often called <altname>animal flowers</altname> and <altname>sea anemones</altname>. [See <er>Polyp</er>.].</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus in the family <spn>Actinid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Actinic</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tin"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to actinism; <as>as, <ex>actinic</ex> rays</as>.</def>

<h1>Actiniform</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tin"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a radiated form, like a sea anemone.</def>

<h1>Actinism</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tin*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/ ray.]</ety> <def>The property of radiant energy (found chiefly in solar or electric light) by which chemical changes are produced, as in photography.</def>

<h1>Actinium</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tin"i*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A supposed metal, said by Phipson to be contained in commercial zinc; -- so called because certain of its compounds are darkened by exposure to light.</def>

<h1>Actino-chemistry</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ti*no-chem"is*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Chemistry in its relations to actinism.</def>

<i>Draper.</i>

<h1>Actinograph</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tin"o*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring and recording the variations in the <i>actinic</i> or chemical force of rays of light.</def>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<h1>Actinoid</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tin*oid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of rays; radiated, as an actinia.</def>

<h1>Actinolite</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tin"o*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A bright green variety of amphibole occurring usually in fibrous or columnar masses.</def>

<h1>Actinolitic</h1>
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<hw>Ac`tin*o*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Of the nature of, or containing, actinolite.</def>

<h1>Actinology</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ti*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of rays of light, especially of the actinic or chemical rays.</def>

<h1>Actinomere</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tin"o*mere</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the radial segments composing the body of one of the C\'d2lenterata.</def>

<h1>Actinometer</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ti*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <ets>-meter</ets>]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument for measuring the direct heating power of the sun's rays.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An instrument for measuring the actinic effect of rays of light.</def>

<h1>Actinometric</h1>
<Xpage=18>

<hw>Ac`ti*no*met"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the measurement of the intensity of the solar rays, either <it>(a)</it> heating, or <it>(b)</it> actinic.</def>

<h1>Actinometry</h1>
<Xpage=18>

<hw>Ac`ti*nom"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The measurement of the force of solar radiation.</def>

<i>Maury.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The measurement of the chemical or actinic energy of light.</def>

<i>Abney.</i>

<h1>Actinophorous</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ti*noph"o*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <def>Having straight projecting spines.</def>

<h1>Actinosome</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tin"o*some</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ray + <?/ body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The entire body of a c\'d2lenterate.</def>

<h1>Actinost</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tin*ost</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <?/ bone.]</ety> <def>(Anat.) One of the bones at the base of a paired fin of a fish.</def>

<h1>Actinostome</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tin"o*stome</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a ray + <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The mouth or anterior opening of a c\'d2lenterate animal.</def>

<h1>Actinotrocha</h1>
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<hw>Ac`ti*not"ro*cha</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.; Gr. <?/, <?/, a ray + <?/ a ring.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A peculiar larval form of <i>Phoronis</i>, a genus of marine worms, having a circle of ciliated tentacles.</def>

<h1>Actinozoa</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ti*no*zo"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <?/ animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of C\'d2lenterata, comprising the Anthozoa Ctenophora. The sea anemone, or actinia, is a familiar example.</def>

<h1>Actinozoal</h1>
<Xpage=18>

<hw>Ac`ti*no*zo"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Actinozoa.</def>

<h1>Actinozo\'94n</h1>
<Xpage=18>

<hw>Ac"ti*no*zo"\'94n</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Actinozoa.</def>

<h1>Actinula</h1>
<Xpage=18>

<hw>Ac*tin"u*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a ray.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of embryo of certain hydroids (<spn>Tubularia</spn>), having a stellate form.</def>

<h1>Action</h1>
<Xpage=18>

<hw>Ac"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>action</ets>, L. <ets>actio</ets>, fr. <ets>agere</ets> to do. See <er>Act</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A process or condition of acting or moving, as opposed to rest; the doing of something; exertion of power or force, as when one body acts on another; the effect of power exerted on one body by another; agency; activity; operation; <as>as, the <ex>action</ex> of heat; a man of <ex>action</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>One wise in council, one in <b>action</b> brave.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An act; a thing done; a deed; an enterprise. <plu>(pl.)</plu>:    Habitual deeds; hence, conduct; behavior; demeanor.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord is a Good of knowledge, and by him <b>actions</b> are weighed.
<i>1 Sam. ii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The event or connected series of events, either real or imaginary, forming the subject of a play, poem, or other composition; the unfolding of the drama of events.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Movement; <as>as, the horse has a spirited <ex>action</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Effective motion; also, mechanism; <as>as, the breech <ex>action</ex> of a gun</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Any one of the active processes going on in an organism; the performance of a function; <as>as, the <ex>action</ex> of the heart, the muscles, or the gastric juice</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Orat.)</fld> <def>Gesticulation; the external deportment of the speaker, or the suiting of his attitude, voice, gestures, and countenance, to the subject, or to the feelings.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Paint. & Sculp.)</fld> <def>The attitude or position of the several parts of the body as expressive of the sentiment or passion depicted.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A suit or process, by which a demand is made of a right in a court of justice; in a broad sense, a judicial proceeding for the enforcement or protection of a right, the redress or prevention of a wrong, or the punishment of a public offense.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A right of action; <as>as, the law gives an <ex>action</ex> for every claim</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld><def>A share in the capital stock of a joint-stock company, or in the public funds; hence, in the plural, equivalent to stocks.</def> <mark>[A Gallicism]</mark> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Euripus of funds and <b>actions</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>An engagement between troops in war, whether on land or water; a battle; a fight; <as>as, a general <ex>action</ex>, a partial <ex>action</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Music)</fld> <def>The mechanical contrivance by means of which the impulse of the player's finger is transmitted to the strings of a pianoforte or to the valve of an organ pipe.</def>

<i>Grove.</i>

<cs><col>Chose in action</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See <er>Chose</er>.</cd> -- <col>Quantity of action</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the product of the mass of a body by the space it runs through, and its velocity.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Action</er>, <er>Act</er>.</syn> <usage> In many cases <i>action</i> and <i>act</i> are synonymous; but some distinction is observable.  <i>Action</i> involves the mode or process of acting, and is usually viewed as occupying some time in doing. <i>Act</i> has more reference to the effect, or the operation as complete.

<blockquote>To poke the fire is an <b>act</b>, to reconcile friends who have quarreled is a praiseworthy <b>action</b>.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>
</usage>

<h1>Actionable</h1>
<Xpage=18>

<hw>Ac"tion*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>actionabilis</ets>. See <er>Action</er>.]</ety> <def>That may be the subject of an action or suit at law; <as>as, to call a man a thief is <ex>actionable</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Actionably</h1>
<Xpage=18>

<hw>Ac"tion*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an actionable manner.</def>

<h1>Actionary, Actionist</h1>
<Xpage=18>

<hw><hw>Ac"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ac"tion*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>actionnaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A shareholder in joint-stock company.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Actionless</h1>
<Xpage=18>

<hw>Ac"tion*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Void of action.</def>

<h1>Activate</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ti*vate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make active.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Active</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>actif</ets>, L. <ets>activus</ets>, fr. <ets>agere</ets> to act.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the power or quality of acting; causing change; communicating action or motion; acting; -- opposed to <ant>passive</ant>, that receives; <as>as, certain <ex>active</ex> principles</as>; the powers of the mind.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Quick in physical movement; of an agile and vigorous body; nimble; <as>as, an <ex>active</ex> child or animal</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Active</b> and nervous was his gait.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In action; actually proceeding; working; in force; -- opposed to <contr>quiescent</contr>, <contr>dormant</contr>, or <contr>extinct</contr>; <as>as, <ex>active</ex> laws; <ex>active</ex> hostilities; an <ex>active</ex> volcano.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Given to action; constantly engaged in action; energetic; diligent; busy; -- opposed to <i>dull</i>, <i>sluggish</i>, <i>indolent</i>, or <i>inert</i>; <as>as, an <ex>active</ex> man of business; <ex>active</ex> mind; <ex>active</ex> zeal.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Requiring or implying action or exertion; -- opposed to <ant>sedentary</ant> or to <ant>tranquil</ant>; <as>as, <ex>active</ex> employment or service; <ex>active</ex> scenes.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Given to action rather than contemplation; practical; operative; -- opposed to <ant>speculative</ant> or <ant>theoretical</ant>; <as>as, an <ex>active</ex> rather than a speculative statesman</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Brisk; lively; <as>as, an <ex>active</ex> demand for corn</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Implying or producing rapid action; <as>as, an <ex>active</ex> disease; an <ex>active</ex> remedy.</as></def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Applied to a form of the verb; -- opposed to <ant>passive</ant>. See <cref>Active voice</cref>, under <er>Voice</er>. </def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Applied to verbs which assert that the subject acts upon or affects something else; transitive.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Applied to all verbs that express action as distinct from mere <i>existence</i> or state.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Active capital</col>, <col>Active wealth</col></mcol>, <cd>money, or property that may readily be converted into money.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Agile; alert; brisk; vigorous; nimble; lively; quick; sprightly; prompt; energetic.</syn>

<h1>Actively</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an active manner; nimbly; briskly; energetically; also, by one's own action; voluntarily, not passively.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>In an active signification; <as>as, a word used   <ex>actively</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Activeness</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being active; nimbleness; quickness of motion; activity.</def>

<h1>Activity</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Activities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt><plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>activit\'82</ets>, LL. <ets>activitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being active; nimbleness; agility; vigorous action or operation; energy; active force; <as>as, an increasing variety of human <ex>activities</ex></as>.</def> "The <i>activity</i> of toil."

<i>Palfrey.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Liveliness; briskness; quickness.</syn>

<h1>Actless</h1>
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<hw>Act"less</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without action or spirit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Acton</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ton</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aketon</ets>, <ets>auqueton</ets>, F. <ets>hoqueton</ets>, a quilted jacket, fr. Sp. <ets>alcoton</ets>, <ets>algodon</ets>, cotton. Cf. <er>Cotton</er>.]</ety> <def>A stuffed jacket worn under the mail, or (later) a jacket plated with mail.</def> <altsp>[Spelled also <asp>hacqueton</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell. Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Actor</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>actor</ets>, fr. <ets>agere</ets> to act.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who acts, or takes part in any affair; a doer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A theatrical performer; a stageplayer.</def>

<blockquote>After a well graced <b>actor</b> leaves the stage.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An advocate or proctor in civil courts or causes.</def> <i>Jacobs</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who institutes a suit; plaintiff or complainant.</def>

<h1>Actress</h1>
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<hw>Ac`tress</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>actrice</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A female actor or doer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A female stageplayer; a woman who acts a part.</def>

<h1>Actual</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*al</hw> <tt>(#; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>actuel</ets>, F. <ets>actuel</ets>, L. <ets>actualis</ets>, fr. <ets>agere</ets> to do, act.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Involving or comprising action; active.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Her walking and other <b>actual</b> performances.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let your holy and pious intention be <b>actual</b>; that is . . . by a special prayer or action, . . . given to God.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Existing in act or reality; really acted or acting; in fact; real; -- opposed to <i>potential</i>, <i>possible</i>, <i>virtual</i>, <i>speculative</i>, <i>coceivable</i>, <i>theoretical</i>, or <i>nominal</i>; <as>as, the <ex>actual</ex> cost of goods; the <ex>actual</ex> case under discussion.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In action at the time being; now exiting; present; as the <i>actual</i> situation of the country.</def>

<cs><col>Actual cautery</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cautery</er>.</cd> -- <col>Actual sin</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>that kind of sin which is done by ourselves in contradistinction to "<i>original sin<i>."</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Real; genuine; positive; certain.  See <er>Real</er>.</syn>

<-- p. 19  -->

<h1>Actual</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Finance)</fld> <def>Something actually received; real, as distinct from estimated, receipts.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<blockquote>The accounts of revenues supplied . . . were not real receipts: not, in financial language, "<b>actuals</b>," but only Egyptian budget estimates.
<i>Fortnightly Review.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Actualist</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who deals with or considers actually existing facts and conditions, rather than fancies or theories; -- opposed to <i>idealist</i>.</def>

<i>J. Grote.</i>

<h1>Actuality</h1>
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<hw>Ac`tu*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Actualities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>The state of being actual; reality; <as>as, the <ex>actuality</ex> of God's nature</as>.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Actualization</h1>
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<hw>Ac`tu*al*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A making actual or really existent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Actualize</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*al*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make actual; to realize in action.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Actually</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Actively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Neither <i>actually</i> . . . nor passively."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In act or in fact; really; in truth; positively.</def>

<h1>Actualness</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being actual; actuality.</def>

<h1>Actuarial</h1>
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<hw>Ac`tu*a"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to actuaries; <as>as, the <ex>actuarial</ex> value of an annuity</as>.</def>

<h1>Actuary</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Actuaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>actuarius</ets> copyist, clerk, fr. <ets>actus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>agere</ets> to do, act.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A registar or clerk; -- used originally in courts of civil law jurisdiction, but in Europe used for a clerk or registar generally.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The computing official of an insurance company; one whose profession it is to calculate for insurance companies the risks and premiums for life, fire, and other insurances.</def>

<h1>Actuate</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Actuated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Actuating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>actuatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>actuare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>actus</ets> act.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put into action or motion; to move or incite to action; to influence actively; to move as motives do; -- more commonly used of persons.</def>

<blockquote>Wings, which others were contriving to <b>actuate</b> by the perpetual motion.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Men of the greatest abilities are most fired with ambition; and, on the contrary, mean and narrow minds are the least <b>actuated</b> by it.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To carry out in practice; to perform.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>actuate</i> what you command."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To move; impel; incite; rouse; instigate; animate.</syn>

<h1>Actuate</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>actuatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>actuare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Put in action; actuated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Actuation</h1>
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<hw>Ac`tu*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>actuatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bringing into action; movement.</def>

<i>Bp.  Pearson.</i>

<h1>Actuator</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who actuates, or puts into action.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Melville.</i>

<h1>Actuose</h1>
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<hw>Ac"tu*ose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>actuosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Very active.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Actuosity</h1>
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<hw>Ac`tu*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abundant activity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Acture</h1>
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<hw>Ac"ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Action.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Acturience</h1>
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<hw>Ac*tu"ri*ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A desid. of L. <ets>agere</ets>, <ets>actum</ets>, to act.]</ety> <def>Tendency or impulse to act.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Acturience</b>, or desire of action, in one form or another, whether as restlessness, ennui, dissatisfaction, or the imagination of something desirable.
<i>J. Grote.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Acuate</h1>
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<hw>Ac"u*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acus</ets> needle.]</ety> <def>To sharpen; to make pungent; to quicken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "[To] <i>acuate</i> the blood."

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Acuate</h1>
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<hw>Ac"u*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sharpened; sharp-pointed.</def>

<h1>Acuation</h1>
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<hw>Ac`u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of sharpening.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Acuition</h1>
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<hw>Ac`u*i"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acutus</ets>, as if <ets>acuitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>acuere</ets> to sharpen.]</ety> <def>The act of sharpening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Acuity</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>acuitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acuit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sharpness or acuteness, as of a needle, wit, etc.</def>

<h1>Aculeate</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"le*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aculeatus</ets>, fr. <ets>aculeus</ets>, dim. of <ets>acus</ets> needle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a sting; covered with prickles; sharp like a prickle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having prickles, or sharp points; beset with prickles.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Severe or stinging; incisive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Aculeated</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"le*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a sharp point; armed with prickles; prickly; aculeate.</def>

<h1>Aculeiform</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"le*i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a prickle.</def>

<h1>Aculeolate</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"le*o*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aculeolus</ets> little needle.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having small prickles or sharp points.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Aculeous</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"le*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Aculeate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Sir T. Browne</i>.

<h1>Aculeus</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"le*us</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aculei</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>acus</ets> needle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A prickle growing on the bark, as in some brambles and roses.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sting.</def>

<h1>Acumen</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"men</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acumen</ets>, fr. <ets>acuere</ets> to sharpen. Cf. <er>Acute</er>.]</ety> <def>Quickness of perception or discernment; penetration of mind; the faculty of nice discrimination.</def>

<i>Selden.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Sharpness; sagacity; keenness; shrewdness; acuteness.</syn>

<h1>Acuminate</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acuminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>acuminare</ets> to sharpen, fr. <ets>acumen</ets>. See <er>Acumen</er>.]</ety> <def>Tapering to a point; pointed; <as>as, <ex>acuminate</ex> leaves, teeth, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Acuminate</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render sharp or keen.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "To <i>acuminate</i> even despair."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Acuminate</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"mi*nate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To end in, or come to, a sharp point.</def> "<i>Acuminating</i> in a cone of prelacy."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Acumination</h1>
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<hw>A*cu`mi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sharpening; termination in a sharp point; a tapering point.</def>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Acuminose</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"mi*nose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Terminating in a flat, narrow end.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<h1>Acuminous</h1>
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<hw>A*cu"mi*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by acumen; keen.</def>

<i>Highmore.</i>

<h1>Acupressure</h1>
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<hw>Ac`u*pres"sure</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acus</ets> needle + <ets>premere</ets>, <ets>pressum</ets>, to press.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A mode of arresting hemorrhage resulting from wounds or surgical operations, by passing under the divided vessel a needle, the ends of which are left exposed externally on the cutaneous surface.</def>

<i>Simpson.</i>

<h1>Acupuncturation</h1>
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<hw>Ac`u*punc`tu*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Acupuncture</er>.</def>

<h1>Acupuncture</h1>
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<hw>Ac`u*punc"ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acus</ets> needle + <ets>punctura</ets> a pricking, fr. <ets>pungere</ets> to prick: cf. F. <ets>acuponcture</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pricking with a needle; a needle prick</def>. Specifically <fld>(Med.)</fld>: <def>The insertion of needles into the living tissues for remedial purposes.</def>

<h1>Acupuncture</h1>
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<hw>Ac`u*punc"ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat with acupuncture.</def>

<h1>Acustumaunce</h1>
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<hw>A*cus"tum*aunce</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Accustomance</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Acutangular</h1>
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<hw>A*cut"an`gu*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Acute-angled.</def>

<h1>Acute</h1>
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<hw>A*cute"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>acuere</ets> to sharpen, fr. a root <ets>ak</ets> to be sharp. Cf. <er>Ague</er>, <er>Cute</er>, <er>Edge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sharp at the end; ending in a sharp point; pointed; -- opposed to <i>blunt</i> or <i>obtuse</i>; <as>as, an <ex>acute</ex> angle; an <ex>acute</ex> leaf.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having nice discernment; perceiving or using minute distinctions; penetrating; clever; shrewd; -- opposed to <ant>dull</ant> or <ant>stupid</ant>; <as>as, an <ex>acute</ex> observer; <ex>acute</ex> remarks, or reasoning.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having nice or quick sensibility; susceptible to slight impressions; acting keenly on the senses; sharp; keen; intense; <as>as, a man of <ex>acute</ex> eyesight, hearing, or feeling; <ex>acute</ex> pain or pleasure.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>High, or shrill, in respect to some other sound; -- opposed to <i>grave</i> or <i>low</i>; <as>as, an <ex>acute</ex> tone or accent</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Attended with symptoms of some degree of severity, and coming speedily to a crisis; -- opposed to <i>chronic</i>; <as>as, an <ex>acute</ex> disease</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Acute angle</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>an angle less than a right angle.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Subtile; ingenious; sharp; keen; penetrating; sagacious; sharp-witted; shrewd; discerning; discriminating. See <er>Subtile</er>.</syn>

<h1>Acute</h1>
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<hw>A*cute"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give an acute sound to; <as>as, he <ex>acutes</ex> his rising inflection too much</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Walker.</i>

<h1>Acuteangled</h1>
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<hw>A*cute"*an`gled</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having acute angles; <as>as, an <ex>acute</ex>-<ex>angled</ex> triangle, a triangle with every one of its angles less than a right angle</as>.</def>

<h1>Acutely</h1>
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<hw>A*cute"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an acute manner; sharply; keenly; with nice discrimination.</def>

<h1>Acuteness</h1>
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<hw>A*cute"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being acute or pointed; sharpness; <as>as, the <ex>acuteness</ex> of an angle</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The faculty of nice discernment or perception; acumen; keenness; sharpness; sensitiveness; -- applied to the senses, or the understanding. By <i>acuteness</i> of feeling, we perceive small objects or slight impressions: by <i>acuteness</i> of intellect, we discern nice distinctions.</def>

<blockquote>Perhaps, also, he felt his professional <b>acuteness</b> interested in bringing it to a successful close.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Shrillness; high pitch; -- said of sounds.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Violence of a disease, which brings it speedily to a crisis.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Penetration; sagacity; keenness; ingenuity; shrewdness; subtlety; sharp-wittedness.</syn>

<h1>Acutifoliate</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*cu`ti*fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acutus</ets> sharp + <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having sharp-pointed leaves.</def>

<h1>Acutilobate</h1>
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<hw>A*cu`ti*lo"bate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>acutus</ets> sharp + E. <ets>lobe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having acute lobes, as some leaves.</def>

<h1>Ad-</h1>
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<hw>Ad-</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[A Latin preposition, signifying <ets>to</ets>. See <er>At</er>.]</ety> <def>As a prefix <i>ad-</i> assumes the forms <i>ac-</i>, <i>af-</i>, <i>ag-</i>, <i>al-</i>, <i>an-</i>, <i>ap-</i>, <i>ar-</i>, <i>as-</i>, <i>at-</i>, assimilating the <i>d</i> with the first letter of the word to which <i>ad-</i> is prefixed. It remains unchanged before vowels, and before <i>d</i>, <i>h</i>, <i>j</i>, <i>m</i>, <i>v</i>. Examples: <i>ad</i>duce, <i>ad</i>here, <i>ad</i>jacent, <i>ad</i>mit, <i>ad</i>vent, <i>ac</i>cord, <i>af</i>fect, <i>ag</i>gregate, <i>al</i>lude, <i>an</i>nex, <i>ap</i>pear, etc. It becomes <i>ac-</i> before <i>qu</i>, as in <i>ac</i>quiesce.</def>

<h1>Adact</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>Ad*act"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adactus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adigere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To compel; to drive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Adactyl, Adactylous</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*dac"tyl</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*dac"tyl*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ finger.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Without fingers or without toes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Without claws on the feet (of crustaceous animals).</def>

<h1>Adage</h1>
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<hw>Ad"age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>adage</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adagium</ets>; <ets>ad</ets> + the root of L. <ets>aio</ets> I say.]</ety> <def>An old saying, which has obtained credit by long use; a proverb.</def>

<blockquote>Letting "I dare not" wait upon "I would,"
Like the poor cat i' the <b>adage</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Axiom; maxim; aphorism; proverb; saying; saw; apothegm. See <er>Axiom</er>.</syn>

<h1>Adagial</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*da"gi*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an adage; proverbial.</def> "<i>Adagial</i> verse."

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Adagio</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*da"gio</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>adagio</ets>; <ets>ad</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) at + <ets>agio</ets> convenience, leisure, ease. See <er>Agio</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Slow; slowly, leisurely, and gracefully. When repeated, <i>adagio</i>, <i>adagio</i>, it directs the movement to be very slow.</def>

<h1>Adagio</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*da"gio</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A piece of music in <i>adagio</i> time; a slow movement; <as>as, an <ex>adagio</ex> of Haydn</as>.</def>

<h1>Adam</h1>
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<hw>Ad"am</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The name given in the Bible to the first man, the progenitor of the human race.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(As a symbol)</fld> <def>"Original sin;" human frailty.</def>

<blockquote>And whipped the offending <b>Adam</b> out of him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Adam's ale</col><cd>, water. <mark>[Coll.]</mark></cd> -- <col>Adam's apple</col>. <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A species of banana <spn>(Musa paradisiaca)</spn>. It attains a height of twenty feet or more. <i>Paxton]</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> A species of lime <spn>(Citris limetta)</spn>.</cd> <p><b>2.</b> <cd>The projection formed by the thyroid cartilage in the neck. It is particularly prominent in males, and is so called from a notion that it was caused by the forbidden fruit (an apple) sticking in the throat of our first parent.</cd> -- <col>Adam's flannel</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the mullein <spn>(Verbascum thapsus)</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Adam's needle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the popular name of a genus <spn>(Yucca)</spn> of liliaceous plants.</cd></cs>

<h1>Adamant</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>Ad"a*mant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>adamaunt</ets>, <ets>adamant</ets>, diamond, magnet, OF. <ets>adamant</ets>, L. <ets>adamas</ets>, <ets>adamantis</ets>, the hardest metal, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to tame, subdue. In OE., from confusion with L. <ets>adamare</ets> to love, be attached to, the word meant also <ets>magnet</ets>, as in OF. and LL. See <er>Diamond</er>, <er>Tame</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A stone imagined by some to be of impenetrable hardness; a name given to the diamond and other substance of extreme hardness; but in modern minerology it has no technical signification. It is now a rhetorical or poetical name for the embodiment of impenetrable hardness.</def>

<blockquote>Opposed the rocky orb
Of tenfold <b>adamant</b>, his ample shield.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lodestone; magnet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A great <i>adamant</i> of acquaintance."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>As true to thee as steel to <b>adamant</b>.
<i>Greene.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adamantean</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>Ad`a*man*te"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adamant\'c7us</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of adamant; hard as adamant.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Adamantine</h1>
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<hw>Ad`a*man"tine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adamantinus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made of adamant, or having the qualities of adamant; incapable of being broken, dissolved, or penetrated; <as>as, <ex>adamantine</ex> bonds or chains</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Like the diamond in hardness or luster.</def>

<h1>Adambulacral</h1>
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<hw>Ad`am*bu*la"cral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad</ets> + E. <ets>ambulacral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Next to the ambulacra; <as>as, the <ex>adambulacral</ex> ossicles of the starfish</as>.</def>

<h1>Adamic, Adamical</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw><hw>A*dam"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*dam"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Adam, or resembling him.</def>

<cs><col>Adamic earth</col>, <cd>a name given to common red clay, from a notion that <i>Adam<i> means <i>red earth<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Adamite</h1>
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<hw>Ad"am*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Adam</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A descendant of Adam; a human being.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of visionaries, who, professing to imitate the state of Adam, discarded the use of dress in their assemblies.</def>

<h1>Adam's apple</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>Ad"am's ap"ple</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> See under <er>Adam</er>.</def>

<h1>Adance</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*dance"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Dancing.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Adangle</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*dan"gle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Dangling.</def>

<i>Browning.</i>

<h1>Adansonia</h1>
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<hw>Ad`an*so"ni*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Adanson</ets>, a French botanist.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of great trees related to the Bombax. There are two species, <i>A</i>. <i>digitata</i>, the baobab or monkey-bread of Africa and India, and <i>A</i>. <i>Gregorii</i>, the sour gourd or cream-of-tartar tree of Australia.  Both have a trunk of moderate height, but of enormous diameter, and a wide-spreading head. The fruit is oblong, and filled with pleasantly acid pulp. The wood is very soft, and the bark is used by the natives for making ropes and cloth.</def>

<i>D. C. Eaton.</i>

<h1>Adapt</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*dapt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fitted; suited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Adapt</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*dapt"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adapted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adapting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>adaptare</ets>; <ets>ad + aptare</ets> to fit; cf. F. <ets>adapter</ets>. See <er>Apt</er>, <er>Adept</er>.]</ety> <def>To make suitable; to fit, or suit; to adjust; to alter so as to fit for a new use; -- sometimes followed by <i>to</i> or <i>for</i>.</def>

<blockquote>For nature, always in the right,
To your decays <b>adapts</b> my sight.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Appeals <b>adapted</b> to his [man's] whole nature.
<i>Angus.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Streets ill <b>adapted</b> for the residence of wealthy persons.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adaptability, Adaptableness</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw><hw>A*dapt`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*dapt"a*ble*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being adaptable; suitableness.</def> "General <i>adaptability</i> for every purpose."

<i>Farrar.</i>

<h1>Adaptable</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*dapt"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being adapted.</def>

<h1>Adaptation</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>Ad`ap*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>adaptation</ets>, LL. <ets>adaptatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of adapting, or fitting; or the state of being adapted or fitted; fitness.</def> "<i>Adaptation</i> of the means to the end."

<i>Erskine.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The result of adapting; an adapted form.</def>

<h1>Adaptative</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*dapt"a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adaptive.</def>

<i>Stubbs.</i>

<h1>Adaptedness</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*dapt"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being adapted; suitableness; special fitness.</def>

<h1>Adapter</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*dapt"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who adapts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A connecting tube; an adopter.</def>

<-- 2. any device connecting two parts of an apparatus (e.g. tubes of different diameters, or electric cords with different plug types); a device allowing an apparatus to be used for purposes other than originally intended -->

<h1>Adaption</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*dap"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adaptation.</def>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Adaptive</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*dapt"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suited, given, or tending, to adaptation; characterized by adaptation; capable of adapting.</def> <i>Coleridge</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>A*dapt"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Adaptiveness</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*dapt"ive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being adaptive; capacity to adapt.</def>

<h1>Adaptly</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*dapt"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a suitable manner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Adaptness</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*dapt"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adaptedness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Adaptorial</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>Ad`ap*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adaptive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Adar</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A"dar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>ad\'84r</ets>.]</ety> <def>The twelfth month of the Hebrew ecclesiastical year, and the sixth of the civil. It corresponded nearly with March.</def>

<h1>Adarce</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*dar"ce</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adarce</ets>, <ets>adarca</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A saltish concretion on reeds and grass in marshy grounds in Galatia. It is soft and porous, and was formerly used for cleansing the skin from freckles and tetters, and also in leprosy.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Adatis</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>Ad"a*tis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fine cotton cloth of India.</def>

<h1>Adaunt</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*daunt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>adaunten</ets> to overpower, OF. <ets>adonter</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>donter</ets>, F. <ets>dompter</ets>. See <er>Daunt</er>.]</ety> <def>To daunt; to subdue; to mitigate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Adaw</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*daw"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>adawe</ets> of dawe, AS. <ets>of dagum</ets> from days, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., from life, out of life.]</ety> <def>To subdue; to daunt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The sight whereof did greatly him <b>adaw</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adaw</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>A*daw"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>adawen</ets> to wake; pref. <ets>a-<ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us</ets>-, Ger. <ets>er</ets>-) + <ets>dawen</ets>, <ets>dagon</ets>, to dawn. See <er>Daw</er>.]</ety> <def>To awaken; to arouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A man that waketh of his sleep
He may not suddenly well taken keep
Upon a thing, ne seen it parfitly
Till that he be <b>adawed</b> verily.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adays</h1>
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<hw>A*days"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-<ets> (for <ets>on</ets>) + <ets>day</ets>; the final <ets>s</ets> was orig. a genitive ending, afterwards forming adverbs.]</ety> <def>By day, or every day; in the daytime.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fielding.</i>

<h1>Ad captandum</h1>
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<hw>Ad cap*tan"dum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., for catching.]</ety> <def>A phrase used adjectively sometimes of meretricious attempts to catch or win popular favor.</def>

<h1>Add</h1>
<Xpage=19>

<hw>Add</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Added</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>addere</ets>; <ets>ad + dare</ets> to give, put. Cf. <er>Date</er>, <er>Do</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give by way of increased possession (<i>to</i> any one); to bestow (<i>on</i>).</def>

<blockquote>The Lord shall <b>add</b> to me another son.
<i>Gen. xxx. 24.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="20">
Page 20<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To join or unite, as one thing to another, or as several particulars, so as to increase the number, augment the quantity, enlarge the magnitude, or so as to form into one aggregate. Hence: To sum up; to put together mentally; <as>as, to <ex>add</ex> numbers; to <ex>add</ex> up a column.</as></def>

<blockquote>Back to thy punishment,
False fugitive, and to thy speed <b>add</b> wings.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As easily as he can <b>add</b> together the ideas of two days or two years.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To append, as a statement; to say further.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>added</b> that he would willingly consent to the entire abolition of the tax.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>To Add</er>, <er>Join</er>, <er>Annex</er>, <er>Unite</er>, <er>Coalesce</er>.</syn> <usage>We <uex>add</uex> by bringing things together so as to form a whole. We <uex>join</uex> by putting one thing to another in close or continuos connection. We <uex>annex</uex> by attaching some adjunct to a larger body. We <uex>unite</uex> by bringing things together so that their parts adhere or intermingle. Things <uex>coalesce</uex> by coming together or mingling so as to form one organization. To <uex>add</uex> quantities; to join houses; to <uex>annex</uex> territory; to <uex>unite</uex> kingdoms; to make parties <uex>coalesce</uex>.</syn>

<h1>Add</h1>
<Xpage=20>

<hw>Add</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make an addition. <i>To add to</i>, to augment; to increase; <as>as, it <ex>adds</ex> to our anxiety</as>.</def> "I will <i>add</i> to your yoke."

<i>1 Kings xii. 14.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To perform the arithmetical operation of addition; <as>as, he <ex>adds</ex> rapidly</as>.</def>

<h1>Addable</h1>
<Xpage=20>

<hw>Add"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Add</ets>, v. + <ets>-able</ets>.]</ety> <def>Addible.</def>

<h1>Addax</h1>
<Xpage=20>

<hw>Ad"dax</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the largest African antelopes <spn>(<spn>Hippotragus, &or; Oryx, nasomaculatus</spn>)</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; It is now believed to be the <altname>Strepsiceros</altname> (twisted horn) of the ancients. By some it is thought to be the <i>pygarg</i> of the Bible.</note>

<h1>Addeem</h1>
<Xpage=20>

<hw>Ad*deem"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>deem</ets>.]</ety> <def>To award; to adjudge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Unto him they did <i>addeem</i> the prise."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Addendum</h1>
<Xpage=20>

<hw>Ad*den"dum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Addenda</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>addere</ets> to add.]</ety> <def>A thing to be added; an appendix or addition.</def>

<cs><col>Addendum circle</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the circle which may be described around a circular spur wheel or gear wheel, touching the crests or tips of the teeth.</cd></cs>

<i>Rankine.</i>

<h1>Adder</h1>
<Xpage=20>

<hw>Add"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Add</er>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, adds; esp., a machine for adding numbers.</def>

<h1>Adder</h1>
<Xpage=20>

<hw>Ad"der</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>addere</ets>, <ets>naddere</ets>, <ets>eddre</ets>, AS. <ets>n\'91dre</ets>, adder, snake; akin to OS. <ets>nadra</ets>, OHG. <ets>natra</ets>, <ets>natara</ets>, Ger. <ets>natter</ets>, Goth. <ets>nadrs</ets>, Icel. <ets>na\'ebr</ets>, masc., <ets>na\'ebra</ets>, fem.: cf. W. <ets>neidr</ets>, Gorn. <ets>naddyr</ets>, Ir. <ets>nathair</ets>, L. <ets>natrix</ets>, water snake. <ets>An adder</ets> is for <ets>a nadder</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A serpent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>eddre</i> seide to the woman."

<i>Wyclif. Gen. iii. 4. )</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small venomous serpent of the genus <spn>Vipera</spn>. The common European adder is the <spn>Vipera (or Pelias) berus</spn>. The puff adders of Africa are species of <spn>Clotho</spn>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In America, the term is commonly applied to several harmless snakes, as the <stype>milk adder</stype>, <stype>puffing adder</stype>, etc.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Sea Adder</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; In the sculptures the appellation is given to several venomous serpents, -- sometimes to the horned viper <spn>(Cerastles)</spn>.</note>

<h1>Adder fly/</h1>
<Xpage=20>

<hw>Ad"der fly/</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A dragon fly.</def>

<h1>Adder's-tongue</h1>
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<hw>Ad"der's-tongue`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genus of ferns <spn>(Ophioglossum)</spn>, whose seeds are produced on a spike resembling a serpent's tongue.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The yellow dogtooth violet.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Adderwort</h1>
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<hw>Ad"der*wort`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common bistort or snakeweed <spn>(Polygonum bistorta)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Addibility</h1>
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<hw>Add`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quantity of being addible; capability of addition.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Addible</h1>
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<hw>Add"i*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being added.</def> "<i>Addible</i> numbers."

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Addice</h1>
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<hw>Ad"dice</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Adze</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Moxon.</i>

<h1>Addict</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dict"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Addicted; devoted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Addict</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dict"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Addicted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Addicting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>addictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>addicere</ets> to adjudge, devote; <ets>ad + dicere</ets> to say. See <er>Diction</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To apply habitually; to devote; to habituate; -- with <i>to</i>.</def> "They <i>addict</i> themselves to the civil law."

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<blockquote>He is <b>addicted</b> to his study.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That part of mankind that <b>addict</b> their minds to speculations.
<i>Adventurer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His genius <b>addicted</b> him to the study of antiquity.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A man gross . . . and <b>addicted</b> to low company.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To adapt; to make suitable; to fit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The land about is exceedingly <b>addicted</b> to wood, but the coldness of the place hinders the growth.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Addict</er>, <er>Devote</er>, <er>Consecrate</er>, <er>Dedicate</er>. <i>Addict</i> was formerly used in a good sense; as, <i>addicted</i> to letters; but is now mostly employed in a bad sense or an indifferent one; as, <i>addicted</i> to vice; <i>addicted</i> to sensual indulgence. "<i>Addicted</i> to staying at home." <i>J. S. Mill</i>.  <i>Devote</i> is always taken in a good sense, expressing habitual earnestness in the pursuit of some favorite object; as, <i>devoted</i> to science. <i>Consecrate</i> and <i>dedicate</i> express devotion of a higher kind, involving religious sentiment; as, <i>consecrated</i> to the service of the church; <i>dedicated</i> to God.</syn>

<h1>Addictedness</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dict"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being addicted; attachment.</def>

<h1>Addiction</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dic"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>addictio</ets> an adjudging.]</ety> <def>The state of being addicted; devotion; inclination.</def> "His <i>addiction</i> was to courses vain."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Addison's disease</h1>
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<hw>Ad"di*son's dis*ease"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Named from Thomas Addison, M. D., of London, who first described it.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid condition causing a peculiar brownish discoloration of the skin, and thought, at one time, to be due to disease of the suprarenal capsules (two flat triangular bodies covering the upper part of the kidneys), but now known not to be dependent upon this causes exclusively. It is usually fatal.</def>

<h1>Additament</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dit"a*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>additamentum</ets>, fr. <ets>additus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>addere</ets> to add.]</ety> <def>An addition, or a thing added.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<blockquote>My persuasion that the latter verses of the chapter were an <b>additament</b> of a later age.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Addition</h1>
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<hw>Ad*di"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>addition</ets>, L. <ets>additio</ets>, fr. <ets>addere</ets> to add.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adding two or more things together; -- opposed to <i>subtraction</i> or <i>diminution</i>.</def> "This endless <i>addition</i> or addibility of numbers."

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything added; increase; augmentation; <as>as, a piazza is an <ex>addition</ex> to a building</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>That part of arithmetic which treats of adding numbers.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A dot at the right side of a note as an indication that its sound is to be lengthened one half.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A title annexed to a man's name, to identify him more precisely; <as>as, John Doe, <ex>Esq</ex></as>.; Richard Roe, <i>Gent</i>.; Robert Dale, <i>Mason</i>; Thomas Way, <i>of New York</i>; a mark of distinction; a title.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Something added to a coat of arms, as a mark of honor; -- opposed to <i>abatement</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Vector addition</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>that kind of addition of two lines, or vectors, AB and BC, by which their sum is regarded as the line, or vector, AC.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Increase; accession; augmentation; appendage; adjunct.</syn>

<h1>Additional</h1>
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<hw>Ad*di"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Added; supplemental; in the way of an addition.</def>

<h1>Additional</h1>
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<hw>Ad*di"tion*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something added.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Additionally</h1>
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<hw>Ad*di"tion*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of addition.</def>

<h1>Additionary</h1>
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<hw>Ad*di"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Additional.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Herbert.</i>

<h1>Addititious</h1>
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<hw>Ad`di*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>addititius</ets>, fr. <ets>addere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Additive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i>

<h1>Additive</h1>
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<hw>Ad"di*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>additivus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Proper to be added; positive; -- opposed to <i>subtractive</i>.</def>

<h1>Additory</h1>
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<hw>Ad"di*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to add; making some addition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Addle</h1>
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<hw>Ad"dle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>adel</ets>, AS. <ets>adela</ets>, mud.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Liquid filth; mire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lees; dregs.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Addle</h1>
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<hw>Ad"dle</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having lost the power of development, and become rotten, as eggs; putrid. Hence: Unfruitful or confused, as brains; muddled.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Addle</h1>
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<hw>Ad"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Addled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Addling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make addle; to grow addle; to muddle; <as>as, he <ex>addled</ex> his brain</as>.</def> "Their eggs were <i>addled</i>."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Addle</h1>
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<hw>Ad"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>adlen</ets>, <ets>adilen</ets>, to gain, acquire; prob. fr. Icel. <ets>\'94\'eblask</ets> to acquire property, akin to <ets>o\'ebal</ets> property. Cf. <er>Allodial</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To earn by labor.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Forby.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To thrive or grow; to ripen.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>Kill ivy, else tree will <b>addle</b> no more.
<i>Tusser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Addle-brain, Addle-head, Addle-pate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ad"dle</hw>-<hw>brain`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ad"dle</hw>-<hw>head`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ad"dle</hw>-<hw>pate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A foolish or dull-witted fellow.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Addle-brained, Addle-headed, Addle-pated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ad"dle</hw>-<hw>brained`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ad"dle</hw>-<hw>head`ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ad"dle</hw>-<hw>pa`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dull-witted; stupid.</def> "The <i>addle</i>-<i>brained</i> Oberstein."

<i>Motley.</i>

<blockquote>Dull and <b>addle</b>-<b>pated</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Addle-patedness</h1>
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<hw>Ad"dle-pa`ted*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Stupidity.</def>

<h1>Addlings</h1>
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<hw>Ad"dlings</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Addle</er>, to earn.]</ety> <def>Earnings.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Addoom</h1>
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<hw>Ad*doom"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>doom</ets>.]</ety> <def>To adjudge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Addorsed</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dorsed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad + dorsum</ets>, back: cf. F. <ets>adoss\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Set or turned back to back.</def>

<h1>Address</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dress"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Addressed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Addressing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>adressen</ets> to raise erect, adorn, OF. <ets>adrecier</ets>, to straighten, address, F. <ets>adresser</ets>, fr. <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>drecier</ets>, F. <ets>dresser</ets>, to straighten, arrange. See <er>Dress</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To aim; to direct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>And this good knight his way with me <b>addrest</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prepare or make ready.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His foe was soon <b>addressed</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Turnus <b>addressed</b> his men to single fight.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The five foolish virgins <b>addressed</b> themselves at the noise of the bridegroom's coming.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Reflexively: To prepare one's self; to apply one's skill or energies (<i>to</i> some object); to betake.</def>

<blockquote>These men <b>addressed</b> themselves to the task.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To clothe or array; to dress.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Tecla . . . <b>addressed</b> herself in man's apparel.
<i>Jewel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To direct, as words (<i>to</i> any one or any thing); to make, as a speech, petition, etc. (<i>to</i> any one, an audience).</def>

<blockquote>The young hero had <b>addressed</b> his players to him for his assistance.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To direct speech to; to make a communication to, whether spoken or written; to apply to by words, as by a speech, petition, etc., to speak to; to accost.</def>

<blockquote>Are not your orders to <b>address</b> the senate?
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The representatives of the nation <b>addressed</b> the king.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To direct in writing, as a letter; to superscribe, or to direct and transmit; <as>as, he <ex>addressed</ex> a letter</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To make suit to as a lover; to court; to woo.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To consign or intrust to the care of another, as agent or factor; <as>as, the ship was <ex>addressed</ex> to a merchant in Baltimore</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To address one's self to</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To prepare one's self for; to apply one's self to. <sd>(b)</sd> To direct one's speech or discourse to.</cd></cs>

<h1>Address</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dress"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To prepare one's self.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Let us <i>address</i> to tend on Hector's heels."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To direct speech.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Young Turnus to the beauteous maid <b>addrest</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The intransitive uses come from the dropping out of the reflexive pronoun.</note>

<h1>Address</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dress</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>adresse</ets>. See <er>Address</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of preparing one's self.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Act of addressing one's self to a person; verbal application.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A formal communication, either written or spoken; a discourse; a speech; a formal application to any one; a petition; a formal statement on some subject or special occasion; <as>as, an <ex>address</ex> of thanks, an <ex>address</ex> to the voters</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Direction or superscription of a letter, or the name, title, and place of residence of the person addressed.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Manner of speaking to another; delivery; <as>as, a man of pleasing or insinuating <ex>address</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Attention in the way one's <i>addresses</i> to a lady.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Skill; skillful management; dexterity; adroitness.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Speech; discourse; harangue; oration; petition; lecture; readiness; ingenuity; tact; adroitness.</syn>

<h1>Addressee</h1>
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<hw>Ad`dress*ee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One to whom anything is addressed.</def>

<h1>Addression</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dres"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of addressing or directing one's course.</def> <mark>[Rare & Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Adduce</h1>
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<hw>Ad*duce"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adduced</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adducing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>adducere</ets>, <ets>adductum</ets>, to lead or bring to; <ets>ad + ducere</ets> to lead. See <er>Duke</er>, and cf. <er>Adduct</er>.]</ety> <def>To bring forward or offer, as an argument, passage, or consideration which bears on a statement or case; to cite; to allege.</def>

<blockquote>Reasons . . . were <b>adduced</b> on both sides.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Enough could not be <b>adduced</b> to satisfy the purpose of illustration.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To present; allege; advance; cite; quote; assign; urge; name; mention.</syn>

<h1>Adducent</h1>
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<hw>Ad*du"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>addunces</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adducere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Bringing together or towards a given point; -- a word applied to those muscles of the body which pull one part towards another. Opposed to <i>abducent</i>.</def>

<h1>Adducer</h1>
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<hw>Ad*du"cer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adduces.</def>

<h1>Adducible</h1>
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<hw>Ad*du"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being adduced.</def>

<blockquote>Proofs innumerable, and in every imaginable manner diversified, are <b>adducible</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adduct</h1>
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<hw>Ad*duct"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adductus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adducere</ets>. See <er>Adduce</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To draw towards a common center or a middle line.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Adduction</h1>
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<hw>Ad*duc"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>adduction</ets>. See <er>Adduce</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adducing or bringing forward.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>adduction</b> of facts gathered from various quarters.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The action by which the parts of the body are drawn towards its axis]; -- opposed to <i>abduction</i>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Adductive</h1>
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<hw>Ad*duc"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adducing, or bringing towards or to something.</def>

<h1>Adductor</h1>
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<hw>Ad*duc"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>adducere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which draws a limb or part of the body toward the middle line of the body, or closes extended parts of the body; -- opposed to <i>abductor</i>; <as>as, the <ex>adductor</ex> of the eye, which turns the eye toward the nose</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In the bivalve shells, the muscles which close the values of the shell are called <b>adductor</b> muscles.
<i>Verrill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Addulce</h1>
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<hw>Ad*dulce"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Like F. <ets>adoucir</ets>; fr. L. <ets>ad</ets>. + <ets>dulcis</ets> sweet.]</ety> <def>To sweeten; to soothe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Adeem</h1>
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<hw>A*deem"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adimere</ets>. See <er>Ademption</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To revoke, as a legacy, grant, etc., or to satisfy it by some other gift.</def>

<h1>Adelantadillo</h1>
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<hw>A`de*lan`ta*dil"lo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A Spanish red wine made of the first ripe grapes.</def>

<h1>Adelantado</h1>
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<hw>A`de*lan*ta"do</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., prop. p. of <ets>adelantar</ets> to advance, to promote.]</ety> <def>A governor of a province; a commander.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<h1>Adelaster</h1>
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<hw>Ad*e*las"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ not manifest + <?/ a star.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A provisional name for a plant which has not had its flowers botanically examined, and therefore has not been referred to its proper genus.</def>

<h1>Adeling</h1>
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<hw>Ad"el*ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Atheling</er>.</def>

<h1>Adelocodonic</h1>
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<hw>A*del`o*co*don"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ invisible + <?/ a bell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Applied to sexual zooids of hydroids, that have a saclike form and do not become free; -- opposed to <i>phanerocodonic</i>.</def>

<h1>Adelopod</h1>
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<hw>A*del"o*pod</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ invisible + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal having feet that are not apparent.</def>

<h1>Adelphia</h1>
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<hw>A*del"phi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ brother.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A "brotherhood," or collection of stamens in a bundle; -- used in composition, as in the class names, Mon<i>adelphia</i>, Di<i>adelphia</i>, etc.</def>

<h1>Adelphous</h1>
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<hw>A*del"phous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ brother.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having coalescent or clustered filaments; -- said of stamens; <as>as, <ex>adelphous</ex> stamens</as>. Usually in composition; <as>as, mon<ex>adelphous</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Adempt</h1>
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<hw>A*dempt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ademptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adimere</ets> to take away.]</ety> <def>Takes away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Without any sinister suspicion of anything being added or <b>adempt</b>.
<i>Latimn.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="21">
Page 21<p>

<h1>Ademption</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>A*demp"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ademptio</ets>, fr. <ets>adimere</ets>, <ets>ademptum</ets>, to take away; <ets>ad + emere</ets> to buy, orig. to take.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The revocation or taking away of a grant donation, legacy, or the like.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<mhw><h1>Aden- or Adeno-</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Aden-</hw> or <hw>Adeno-</hw>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, gland.]</ety> <def>Combining forms of the Greek word for <i>gland</i>; -- used in words relating to the structure, diseases, etc., of the glands.</def>

<h1>Adenalgia, Adenalgy</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw><hw>Ad`e*nal"gi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ad"e*nal`gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ pain.]</ety> <def>(Med.) Pain in a gland.</def>

<h1>Adeniform</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>A*den"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aden-</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like a gland; adenoid.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Adenitis</h1>
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<hw>Ad`e*ni"tis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aden-</ets> + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Glandular inflammation.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Adenographic</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad`e*no*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to adenography.</def>

<h1>Adenography</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad`e*nog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Adeno-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of anatomy which describes the glands.</def>

<h1>Adenoid, Adenoidal</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw><hw>Ad"e*noid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ad`e*noid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Glandlike; glandular.</def>

<h1>Adenological</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad`e*no*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to adenology.</def>

<h1>Adenology</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad`e*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Adeno-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The part of physiology that treats of the glands.</def>

<h1>Adenophorous</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad`e*noph"o*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Adeno-</ets> + Gr. <?/ bearing.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing glands.</def>

<h1>Adenophyllous</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad`e*noph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Adeno-</ets> + Gr. <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having glands on the leaves.</def>

<h1>Adenose</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad"e*nose`</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a gland; full of glands; glandulous; adenous.</def>

<h1>Adenotomic</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad`e*no*tom"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to adenotomy.</def>

<h1>Adenotomy</h1>
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<hw>Ad`e*not"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Adeno-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a cutting, <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Dissection of, or incision into, a gland or glands.</def>

<h1>Adenous</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad"e*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Adenose</er>.</def>

<h1>Adeps</h1>
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<hw>Ad"eps</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Animal fat; lard.</def>

<h1>Adept</h1>
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<hw>A*dept"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adeptus</ets> obtained (sc. <ets>artem</ets>), <?/he who has obtained an art, p. p. of <ets>adipsci</ets> to arrive <?/at, to obtain; <ets>ad + apisci</ets> to pursue. See <er>Apt</er>, and cf. <er>Adapt</er>.]</ety> <def>One fully skilled or well versed in anything; a proficient; <as>as, <ex>adepts</ex> in philosophy</as>.</def>

<h1>Adept</h1>
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<hw>A*dept"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Well skilled; completely versed; thoroughly proficient.</def>

<blockquote>Beaus <b>adept</b> in everything profound.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adeption</h1>
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<hw>A*dep"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adeptio</ets>. See <er>Adept</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>An obtaining; attainment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In the wit and policy of the capitain consisteth the chief <b>adeption</b> of the victory.
<i>Grafton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adeptist</h1>
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<hw>A*dept"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A skilled alchemist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adeptness</h1>
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<hw>A*dept"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being adept; skill.</def>

<h1>Adequacy</h1>
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<hw>Ad"e*qua*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Adequate</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being adequate, proportionate, or sufficient; a sufficiency for a particular purpose; <as>as, the <ex>adequacy</ex> of supply to the expenditure</as>.</def>

<h1>Adequate</h1>
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<hw>Ad"e*quate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adaequatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adaequare</ets> to make equal to; <ets>ad + aequare</ets> to make equal, <ets>aequus</ets> equal. See <er>Equal</er>.]</ety> <def>Equal to some requirement; proportionate, or correspondent; fully sufficient; <as>as, powers <ex>adequate</ex> to a great work; an <ex>adequate</ex> definition.</as></def>

<blockquote>Ireland had no <b>adequate</b> champion.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Proportionate; commensurate; sufficient; suitable; competent; capable.</syn>

<h1>Adequate</h1>
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<hw>Ad"e*quate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Adequate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To equalize; to make adequate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To equal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It [is] an impossibility for any creature to <b>adequate</b> God in his eternity.
<i>Shelford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adequately</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad"e*quate*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an adequate manner.</def>

<h1>Adequateness</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad"e*quate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being adequate; suitableness; sufficiency; adequacy.</def>

<h1>Adequation</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad`e*qua"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adaequatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of equalizing; act or result of making adequate; an equivalent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Barlow.</i>

<h1>Adesmy</h1>
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<hw>A*des"my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unfettered; <?/ priv. + <?/ a fetter.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The division or defective coherence of an organ that is usually entire.</def>

<h1>Adessenarian</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*es`se*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formed fr. L. <ets>adesse</ets> to be present; <ets>ad + esse</ets> to be.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who held the real presence of Christ's body in the eucharist, but not by transubstantiation.</def>

<h1>Adfected</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*fect"ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adfectus</ets> or <ets>affectus</ets>. See <er>Affect</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>See <er>Affected</er>, <er>5</er>.</def>

<h1>Adfiliated</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*fil"i*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Affiliated</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adfiliation</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*fil`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Affiliation</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adfluxion</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*flux"ion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Affluxion</er>.</def>

<h1>Adhamant</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*ha"mant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>adhamare</ets> to catch; <ets>ad + hamus</ets> hook.]</ety> <def>Clinging, as by hooks.</def>

<h1>Adhere</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*here"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adhered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adhering</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>adhaerere</ets>, <ets>adhaesum</ets>; <ets>ad + haerere</ets> to stick: cf. F. <ets>adh\'82rer</ets>. See <er>Aghast</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stick fast or cleave, as a glutinous substance does; to become joined or united; <as>as, wax   to the finger; the lungs sometimes <ex>adhere</ex> to the pleura.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hold, be attached, or devoted; to remain fixed, either by personal union or conformity of faith, principle, or opinion; <as>as, men <ex>adhere</ex> to a party, a cause, a leader, a church</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be consistent or coherent; to be in accordance; to agree. "Nor time nor place did then <i>adhere</i>.</def>"  Every thing    <i>adheres</i> together."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To attach; stick; cleave; cling; hold</syn>

<h1>Adherence</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*her"ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>adh\'82rence</ets>, LL. <ets>adhaerentia</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of adhering.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being fixed in attachment; fidelity; steady attachment; adhesion; <as>as, <ex>adherence</ex> to a party or to opinions</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Adherence</er>, <er>Adhesion</er>.</syn> <usage> These words, which were once freely interchanged, are now almost entirely separated.   <i>Adherence</i> is no longer used to denote physical union, but is applied, to mental states or habits; as, a strict <i>adherence</i> to one's duty; close <i>adherence</i> to the argument, etc.  <i>Adhesion</i> is now confined chiefly to the physical sense, except in the phrase "To give in one's <i>adhesion</i> to a cause or a party."</usage>

<h1>Adherency</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*her"en*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being adherent; adherence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which adheres.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Adherent</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*her"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adhaerens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr.: cf. F. <ets>adh\'82rent</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sticking; clinging; adhering.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attached as an attribute or circumstance.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Congenitally united with an organ of another kind, as calyx with ovary, or stamens with petals.</def>

<h1>Adherent</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*her"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who adheres; one who adheres; one who follows a leader, party, or profession; a follower, or partisan; a believer in a particular faith or church.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which adheres; an appendage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Follower; partisan; upholder; disciple; supporter; dependent; ally; backer.</syn>

<h1>Adherently</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*her"ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an adherent manner.</def>

<h1>Adherer</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*her"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adheres; an adherent.</def>

<h1>Adhesion</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*he"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adhaesio</ets>, fr. <ets>adhaerere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adh\'82sion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The action of sticking; the state of being attached; intimate union; as the <i>adhesion</i> of glue, or of parts united by growth, cement, or the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Adherence; steady or firm attachment; fidelity; <as>as, to error, to a policy</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>adhesion</b> to the Tories was bounded by his approbation of their foreign policy.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Agreement to adhere; concurrence; assent.</def>

<blockquote>To that treaty Spain and England gave in their <b>adhesion</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The molecular attraction exerted between bodies in contact. See <er>Cohesion</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Union of surface, normally separate, by the formation of new tissue resulting from an inflammatory process.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The union of parts which are separate in other plants, or in younger states of the same plant.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Adherence; union. See <er>Adherence</er>.</syn>

<h1>Adhesive</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*he"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>adh\'82sif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sticky; tenacious, as glutinous substances.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Apt or tending to adhere; clinging.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<cs><col>Adhesive attraction</col>. <fld>(Physics)</fld> <cd>See <er>Attraction</er></cd>. -- <col>Adhesive inflammation</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>that kind of inflammation which terminates in the reunion of divided parts without suppuration.</cd> -- <col>Adhesive plaster</col>, <cd>a sticking; a plaster containing resin, wax, litharge, and olive oil.</cd></cs>

<h1>Adhesively</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*he"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an adhesive manner.</def>

<h1>Adhesiveness</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*he"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of sticking or adhering; stickiness; tenacity of union.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>Propensity to form and maintain attachments to persons, and to promote social intercourse.</def>

<h1>Adhibit</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*hib"it</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adhibitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adhibere</ets> to hold to; <ets>ad + habere</ets> to have.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To admit, as a person or thing; to take in.</def>

<i>Muirhead.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To use or apply; to administer.</def>

<i>Camden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To attach; to affix.</def>

<i>Alison.</i>

<h1>Adhibition</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad`hi*bi"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adhibitio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of adhibiting; application; use.</def>

<i>Whitaker.</i>

<h1>Ad hominem</h1>
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<hw>Ad hom"i*nem</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., to the man.]</ety> <def>` phrase applied to an appeal or argument addressed to the principles, interests, or passions of a man.</def>

<h1>Adhort</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*hort"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adhortari</ets>. See <er>Adhortation</er>.]</ety> <def>To exhort; to advise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Adhortation</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad`hor*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adhortatio</ets>, fr. <ets>adhortari</ets> to advise; <ets>ad + hortari</ets> to exhort.]</ety> <def>Advice; exhortation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Peacham.</i>

<h1>Adhortatory</h1>
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<hw>Ad*hor"ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing counsel or warning; hortatory; advisory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Potter.</i>

<h1>Adiabatic</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad`i*a*bat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ not passable; <?/ priv. + <?/ through + <?/ to go.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Not giving out or receiving heat.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad`i*a*bat`ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><mcol><col>Adiabatic line</col> or <col>curve</col></mcol>, <cd>a curve exhibiting the variations of pressure and volume of a fluid when it expands without either receiving or giving out heat.</cd></cs>

<i>Rankine.</i>

<h1>Adiactinic</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad`i*ac*tin"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>diactinic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Not transmitting the actinic rays.</def>

<h1>Adiantum</h1>
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<hw>Ad`i*an"tum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, maidenhair; <?/ priv. + <?/ to wet.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of ferns, the leaves of which shed water; maidenhair. Also, the black maidenhair, a species of spleenwort.</def>

<h1>Adiaphorism</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad`i*aph"o*rism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Religious indifference.</def>

<h1>Adiaphorist</h1>
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<hw>Ad`i*aph"o*rist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Adiaphorous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the German Protestants who, with Melanchthon, held some opinions and ceremonies to be indifferent or nonessential, which Luther condemned as sinful or heretical.</def>

<i>Murdock.</i>

<h1>Adiaphoristic</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad`i*aph`o*ris"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to matters indifferent in faith and practice.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Adiaphorite</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad`i*aph"o*rite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Adiaphorist</er>.</def>

<h1>Adiaphorous</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad`i*aph"o*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ different; <?/ through + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Indifferent or neutral.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Incapable of doing either harm or good, as some medicines.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Adiaphory</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad`i*aph"o*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Indifference.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adiathermic</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad`i*a*ther"mic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ through + <?/heat.]</ety> <def>Not pervious to heat.</def>

<h1>Adieu</h1>
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<hw>A*dieu"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj. & adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. also <ets>adew</ets>, <ets>adewe</ets>, <ets>adue</ets>, F. <?/ <ets>dieu</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad</ets> to + <ets>deus</ets> God.]</ety> <def>Good-by; farewell; an expression of kind wishes at parting.</def>

<h1>Adieu</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>A*dieu"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adieus</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>A farewell; commendation to the care of God at parting.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Adight</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>A*dight"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Adight</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> (intensive) + OE. <ets>dihten</ets>. See <er>Dight</er>.]</ety> <def>To set in order; to array; to attire; to deck, to dress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ad infinitum</h1>
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<hw>Ad in`fi*ni"tum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., to infinity.]</ety> <def>Without limit; endlessly.</def>

<h1>Ad interim</h1>
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<hw>Ad in"ter*im</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Meanwhile; temporary.</def>

<h1>Adepescent</h1>
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<hw>Ad`e*pes"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adeps</ets>, <ets>adipis</ets>, fat + <ets>-escent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Becoming fatty.</def>

<h1>Adipic</h1>
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<hw>A*dip"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adeps</ets>, <ets>adipis</ets>, fat.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, fatty or oily substances; -- applied to certain acids obtained from fats by the action of nitric acid.</def>

<-- 2. adipic acid. a dicarboxylic acid containing six carbon atoms in a linear chain -->

<h1>Adipocerate</h1>
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<hw>Ad`i*poc"er*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To convert adipocere.</def>

<h1>Adipoceration</h1>
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<hw>Ad`i*poc`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of changing into adipocere.</def>

<h1>Adipocere</h1>
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<hw>Ad"i*po*cere`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adeps</ets>, <ets>adipis</ets>, fat + <ets>cera</ets> wax: cf. F. <ets>adipocere</ets>.]</ety> <def>A soft, unctuous, or waxy substance, of a light brown color, into which the fat and muscle tissue of dead bodies sometimes are converted, by long immersion in water or by burial in moist places. It is a result of fatty degeneration.</def>

<h1>Adipoceriform</h1>
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<hw>Ad`i*po*cer"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Adipocere</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form or appearance of adipocere; <as>as, an <ex>adipoceriform</ex> tumor</as>.</def>

<h1>Adipocerous</h1>
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<hw>Ad`i*poc"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like adipocere.</def>

<h1>Adipose</h1>
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<hw>Ad"i*pose`</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adeps</ets>, <ets>adipis</ets>, fat, grease.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to animal fat; fatty.</def>

<cs><col>Adipose fin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a soft boneless fin.</cd> -- <col>Adipose tissue</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>that form of animal tissue which forms or contains fat.</cd></cs>

<h1>Adiposeness, Adiposity</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw><hw>Ad"i*pose`ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ad`i*pos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being fat; fatness.</def>

<h1>Adipous</h1>
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<hw>Ad"i*pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fatty; adipose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Adipsous</h1>
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<hw>A*dip"sous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/, thirst.]</ety> <def>Quenching thirst, as certain fruits.</def>

<h1>Adipsy</h1>
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<hw>Ad"ip*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ not thirsty; <?/ priv. + <?/ thirst.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Absence of thirst.</def>

<h1>Adit</h1>
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<hw>Ad"it</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aditus</ets>, fr. <ets>adire</ets>, <ets><?/aitum</ets>, to go to; <ets>ad + ire</ets> to go.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An entrance or passage. Specifically: The nearly horizontal opening by which a mine is entered, or by which water and ores are carried away; -- called also <altname>drift</altname> and <altname>tunnel</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Admission; approach; access.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Yourself and yours shall have
Free <b>adit</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adjacence, Adjacency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ad"ja"cence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ad*ja"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw><ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>adjacentia</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being adjacent or contiguous; contiguity; <as>as, the <ex>adjacency</ex> of lands or buildings</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is adjacent.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Adjacent</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ja"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjacens</ets>, <ets>-centis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adjacere</ets> to lie near; <ets>ad + jac<?/re</ets> to lie: cf. F. <ets>adjacent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lying near, close, or contiguous; neighboring; bordering on; <as>as, a field <ex>adjacent</ex> to the highway</as>.</def> "The <i>adjacent</i> forest."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Adjacent</col> or <col>contiguous angle</col></mcol>. <cd><fld>(Geom.)</fld> See <er>Angle</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Adjoining; contiguous; near.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Adjacent</er>, <er>Adjoining</er>, <er>Contiguous</er>. Things are <i>adjacent</i> when they lie close each other, not necessary in actual contact; <as>as, <ex>adjacent</ex> fields, <ex>adjacent</ex> villages, etc.</as>

<blockquote>I find that all Europe with her <b>adjacent</b> isles is peopled with Christians.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

Things are <i>adjoining</i> when they meet at some line or point of junction; as, <i>adjoining</i> farms, an <i>adjoining</i> highway. What is spoken of as <i>contiguous</i> should touch with some extent of one side or the whole of it; as, a row of <i>contiguous</i> buildings; a wood <i>contiguous</i> to a plain.</usage>

<h1>Adjacent</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ja"cent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is adjacent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Adjacently</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ja"cent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to be adjacent.</def>

<h1>Adject</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ject"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adjicere</ets> to throw to, to add to; <ets>ad + ac<?/re</ets> to throw. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting forth.]</ety> <def>To add or annex; to join.</def>

<i>Leland.</i>

<h1>Adjection</h1>
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<hw>Ad*jec"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjectio</ets>, fr. <ets>adjicere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adjection</ets>. See <er>Adject</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or mode of adding; also, the thing added.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Adjectional</h1>
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<hw>Ad*jec"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to adjection; that is, or may be, annexed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Adjectitious</h1>
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<hw>Ad`jec*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <ety>[L. <ets>adjectitius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Added; additional.</def>

<i>Parkhurst.</i>

<h1>Adjectival</h1>
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<hw>Ad`jec*ti"val</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to the relating to the adjective; of the nature of an adjective; adjective.</def>

<i>W. Taylor (1797)</i>

<h1>Adjectivally</h1>
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<hw>Ad`jec*ti"val*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>As, or in the manner of, an adjective; adjectively.</def>

<h1>Adjective</h1>
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<hw>Ad"jec*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Adjective</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Added to a substantive as an attribute; of the nature of an adjunct; <as>as, an   word sentence</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not standing by itself; dependent.</def>

<cs><col>Adjective color</col>, <cd>a color which requires to be fixed by some mordant or base to give it permanency.</cd></cs>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Relating to procedure.</def> "The whole English law, substantive and <i>adjective</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Adjective</h1>
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<hw>Ad"jec*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjectivum</ets>  (sc. <ets>nomen</ets>), neut. of <ets>adjectivus</ets> that is added, fr. <ets>adjicere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adjectif</ets>. See <er>Adject</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word used with a noun, or substantive, to express a quality of the thing named, or something attributed to it, or to limit or define it, or to specify or describe a thing, as distinct from something else. Thus, in phrase, "a wise ruler," <i>wise</i> is the adjective, expressing a property of <i>ruler</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dependent; an accessory.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Adjective</h1>
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<hw>Ad"jec*tive</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adjectived</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adjectiving</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make an adjective of; to form or change into an adjective.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Language has as much occasion to <b>adjective</b> the distinct signification of the verb, and to <b>adjective</b> also the mood, as it has to <b>adjective</b> time. It has . . . <b>adjectived</b> all three.
<i>Tooke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adjectively</h1>
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<hw>Ad"jec*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of an adjective; <as>as, a word used <ex>adjectively</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Adjoin</h1>
<Xpage=21>

<hw>Ad*join"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adjoined</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adjoining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ajoinen</ets>, OF. <ets>ajoindre</ets>, F. <ets>adjoindre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adjungere</ets>; <ets>ad + jungere</ets> to join. See <er>Join</er>, and cf. <er>Adjunct</er>.]</ety> <def>To join or unite to; to lie contiguous to; to be in contact with; to attach; to append.</def>

<blockquote>Corrections . . . should be, as remarks, <b>adjoined</b> by way of note.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="22">
Page 22<p>

<h1>Adjoin</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad*join"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lie or be next, or in contact; to be contiguous; <as>as, the houses <ex>adjoin</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>When one man's land <b>adjoins</b> to another's.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The construction with <i>to</i>, <i>on</i>, or <i>with</i> is obsolete or obsolescent.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To join one's self.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She lightly unto him <b>adjoined</b> side to side.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adjoinant</h1>
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<hw>Ad*join"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Contiguous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Adjoining</h1>
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<hw>Ad*join"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Joining to; contiguous; adjacent; <as>as, an <ex>adjoining</ex> room</as>.</def> "The <i>adjoining</i> fane."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Upon the hills <b>adjoining</b> to the city.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Adjacent; contiguous; near; neighboring; abutting; bordering. See <er>Adjacent</er>.</syn>

<h1>Adjoint</h1>
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<hw>Ad"joint</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An adjunct; a helper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adjourn</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad*journ</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adjourned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adjourning</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ajornen</ets>, OF. <ets>ajoiner</ets>, <ets>ajurner</ets>, F. <ets>ajourner</ets>; OF. <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>jor</ets>, <ets>jur</ets>, <ets>jorn</ets>, F. <ets>jour</ets>, day, fr. L. <ets>diurnus</ets> belonging to the day, fr. <ets>dies</ets> day. Cf. <er>Journal</er>, <er>Journey</er>.]</ety> <def>To put off or defer to another day, or indefinitely; to postpone; to close or suspend for the day; -- commonly said of the meeting, or the action, of convened body; <as>as, to <ex>adjourn</ex> the meeting; to <ex>adjourn</ex> a debate.</as></def>

<blockquote>It is a common practice to <b>adjourn</b> the reformation of their lives to a further time.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>'Tis a needful fitness
That we <b>adjourn</b> this court till further day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To delay; defer; postpone; put off; suspend.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Adjourn</er>, <er>Prorogue</er>, <er>Dissolve</er>.  These words are used in respect to public bodies when they lay aside business and separate. <i>Adjourn</i>, both in Great Britain and this country, is applied to all cases in which such bodies separate for a brief period, with a view to meet again. <i>Prorogue</i> is applied in Great Britain to that act of the executive government, as the sovereign, which brings a session of Parliament to a close. The word is not used in this country, but a legislative body is said, in such a case, to adjourn <i>sine die</i>. To <i>dissolve</i> is to annul the corporate existence of a body. In order to exist again the body must be reconstituted.</usage>

<h1>Adjourn</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad*journ"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt><def>To suspend business for a time, as from one day to another, or for a longer period, or indefinitely; usually, to suspend public business, as of legislatures and courts, or other convened bodies; <as>as, congress <ex>adjourned</ex> at four o'clock; the court <ex>adjourned</ex> without day.</as></def>

<h1>Adjournal</h1>
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<hw>Ad*journ"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adjournment; postponement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "An <i>adjournal</i> of the Diet."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Adjournment</h1>
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<hw>Ad*journ"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. f. <ets>adjournement</ets>, OF. <ets>ajornement</ets>. See <er>Adjourn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adjourning; the putting off till another day or time specified, or without day.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The time or interval during which a public body adjourns its sittings or postpones business.</def>

<h1>Adjudge</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad*judge"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adjudged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adjudging</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ajugen</ets>, OF. <ets>ajugier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adjudicare</ets>; <ets>ad + judicare</ets> to judge. See <er>J</er>udge, and cf. <er>Adjudicate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To award judicially in the case of a controverted question; <as>as, the prize was <ex>adjudged</ex> to the victor</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To determine in the exercise of judicial power; to decide or award judicially; to adjudicate; <as>as, the case was <ex>adjudged</ex> in the November term</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To sentence; to condemn.</def>

<blockquote>Without reprieve, <b>adjudged</b> to death
For want of well pronouncing Shibboleth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To regard or hold; to judge; to deem.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>adjudged</b> him unworthy of his friendship.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To decree; award; determine; adjudicate; ordain; assign.</syn>

<h1>Adjudger</h1>
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<hw>Ad*judg"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adjudges.</def>

<h1>Adjudgment</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad*judg"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of adjudging; judicial decision; adjudication.</def>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Adjudicate</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ju"di*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adjudicated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adjudicating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>adjudicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adjudicare</ets>. See <er>Adjudge</er>.]</ety> <def>To adjudge; to try and determine, as a court; to settle by judicial decree.</def>

<h1>Adjudicate</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad*ju"di*cate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To come to a judicial decision; <as>as, the court <ex>adjudicated</ex> upon the case</as>.</def>

<h1>Adjudication</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad*ju`di*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjudicatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adjudication</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adjudicating; the act or process of trying and determining judicially.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A deliberate determination by the judicial power; a judicial decision or sentence.</def>  "An <i>adjudication</i> in favor of natural rights."

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bankruptcy practice)</fld> <def>The decision upon the question whether the debtor is a bankrupt.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A process by which land is attached security or in satisfaction of a debt.</def>

<h1>Adjudicative</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad*ju"di*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adjudicating.</def>

<h1>Adjudicator</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad*ju"di*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adjudicates.</def>

<h1>Adjudicature</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad*ju"di*ca*ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adjudication.</def>

<h1>Adjugate</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad"ju*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjugatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adjugare</ets>; <ets>ad + jugum</ets> a yoke.]</ety> <def>To yoke to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adjument</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad"ju*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjumentum</ets>, for <ets>adjuvamentum</ets>, fr. <ets>adjuvare</ets> to help; <ets>ad + juvare</ets> to help.]</ety> <def>Help; support; also, a helper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Waterhouse.</i>

<h1>Adjunct</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad"junct`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjunctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adjungere</ets>. See <er>Adjoin</er>.]</ety> <def>Conjoined; attending; consequent.</def>

<blockquote>Though that my death were <b>adjunct</b> to my act.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Adjunct notes</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>short notes between those essential to the harmony; auxiliary notes; passing notes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Adjunct</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad"junct`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something joined or added to another thing, but not essentially a part of it.</def>

<blockquote>Learning is but an <b>adjunct</b> to our self.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person joined to another in some duty or service; a colleague; an associate.</def>

<i>Wotton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word or words added to quality or amplify the force of other words; <as>as, the History <ex>of the American Revolution</ex>, where the words in italics are the <ex>adjunct</ex> or <ex>adjuncts</ex> of "History</as>."</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>A quality or property of the body or the mind, whether natural or acquired; <as>as, <ex>color</ex>, in the body, <ex>judgment</ex> in the mind</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A key or scale closely related to another as principal; a relative or attendant key. <mark>[R.]</mark> See <i>Attendant keys</i>, under <er>Attendant</er>, <i>a</i>.</def>

<h1>Adjunction</h1>
<Xpage=22>

<hw>Ad*junc"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjunctio</ets>, fr. <ets>adjungere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adjonction</ets>, and see <er>Adjunct</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of joining; the thing joined or added.</def>

<h1>Adjunctive</h1>
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<hw>Ad*junc"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjunctivus</ets>, fr. <ets>adjungere</ets>. See <er>Adjunct</er>.]</ety> <def>Joining; having the quality of joining; forming an adjunct.</def>

<h1>Adjunctive</h1>
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<hw>Ad*junc"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, is joined.</def>

<h1>Adjunctively</h1>
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<hw>Ad*junc"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an adjunctive manner.</def>

<h1>Adjunctly</h1>
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<hw>Ad*junct"ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of addition or adjunct; in connection with.</def>

<h1>Adjuration</h1>
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<hw>Ad`ju*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjuratio</ets>, fr. <ets>adjurare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adjuration</ets>. See <er>Adjure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adjuring; a solemn charging on oath, or under the penalty of a curse; an earnest appeal.</def>

<blockquote>What an accusation could not effect, an <b>adjuration</b> shall.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The form of oath or appeal.</def>

<blockquote>Persons who . . . made use of prayer and <b>adjurations</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adjuratory</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ju"ra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjuratorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing an adjuration.</def>

<h1>Adjure</h1>
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<hw>Ad*jure"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adjured</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adjuring</er> <tt>(#)</tt>]</wordforms>. <ety>[L. <ets>adjurare</ets>, <ets>adjurdium</ets>, to swear to; later, to adjure: cf. F. <ets>adjurer</ets>. See <er>Jury</er>.]</ety> <def>To charge, bind, or command, solemnly, as if under oath, or under the penalty of a curse; to appeal to in the most solemn or impressive manner; to entreat earnestly.</def>

<blockquote>Joshua <b>adjured</b> them at that time, saying, Cursed be the man before the Lord, that riseth up and buildeth this city Jericho.
<i>Josh. vi. 26.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The high priest . . . said . . . I <b>adjure</b> thee by the living God, that thou tell us whether thou be the Christ.
<i>Matt. xxvi. 63.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The commissioners <b>adjured</b> them not to let pass so favorable an opportunity of securing their liberties.
<i>Marshall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adjurer</h1>
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<hw>Ad*jur"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adjures.</def>

<h1>Adjust</h1>
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<hw>Ad*just"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adjusted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adjusting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>ajuster</ets>, <ets>ajoster</ets> (whence F. <ets>ajouter</ets> to add), LL. <ets>adjuxtare</ets> to fit; fr. L. <ets>ad + juxta</ets> near; confused later with L. <ets>ad</ets> and <ets>justus</ets> just, right, whence F. <ets>ajuster</ets> to adjust. See <er>Just</er>, v. t. and cf. <er>Adjute</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make exact; to fit; to make correspondent or conformable; to bring into proper relations; <as>as, to <ex>adjust</ex> a garment to the body, or things to a standard</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put in order; to regulate, or reduce to system.</def>

<blockquote><b>Adjusting</b> the orthography.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To settle or bring to a satisfactory state, so that parties are agreed in the result; <as>as, to <ex>adjust</ex> accounts; the differences are <ex>adjusted</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To bring to a true relative position, as the parts of an instrument; to regulate for use; <as>as, to <ex>adjust</ex> a telescope or microscope</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To adapt; suit; arrange; regulate; accommodate; set right; rectify; settle.</syn>

<h1>Adjustable</h1>
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<hw>Ad*just"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being adjusted.</def>

<h1>Adjustage</h1>
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<hw>Ad*just"age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Ajutage</er>.]</ety> <def>Adjustment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Adjuster</h1>
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<hw>Ad*just"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, adjusts.</def>

<h1>Adjustive</h1>
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<hw>Ad*just"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to adjust.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Adjustment</h1>
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<hw>Ad*just"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ajustement</ets>. See <er>Adjust</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adjusting, or condition of being adjusted; act of bringing into proper relations; regulation.</def>

<blockquote>Success depends on the nicest and minutest <b>adjustment</b> of the parts concerned.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Settlement of claims; an equitable arrangement of conflicting claims, as in set-off, contribution, exoneration, subrogation, and marshaling.</def>

<i>Bispham.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The operation of bringing all the parts of an instrument, as a microscope or telescope, into their proper relative position for use; the condition of being thus adjusted; <as>as, to get a good <ex>adjustment</ex>; to be <ex>in</ex> or <ex>out of adjustment</ex>.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Suiting; fitting; arrangement; regulation; settlement; adaptation; disposition.</syn>

<h1>Adjutage</h1>
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<hw>Ad"ju*tage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ajutage</er>.</def>

<h1>Adjutancy</h1>
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<hw>Ad"ju*tan*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Adjutant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The office of an adjutant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Skillful arrangement in aid; assistance.</def>

<blockquote>It was, no doubt, disposed with all the <b>adjutancy</b> of definition and division.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adjutant</h1>
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<hw>Ad"ju*tant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjutans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adjutare</ets> to help. See <er>Aid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A helper; an assistant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A regimental staff officer, who assists the colonel, or commanding officer of a garrison or regiment, in the details of regimental and garrison duty.</def>

<cs><col>Adjutant general</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the principal staff officer of an army, through whom the commanding general receives communications and issues military orders. In the U. S. army he is brigadier general.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Among the Jesuits)</fld>, <cd>one of a select number of fathers, who resided with the general of the order, each of whom had a province or country assigned to his care.</cd></cs>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of very large stork <spn>(Ciconia argala)</spn>, a native of India; -- called also the <altname>gigantic crane</altname>, and by the native name <altname>argala</altname>. It is noted for its serpent-destroying habits.</def>

<h1>Adjutator</h1>
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<hw>Ad"ju*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>A corruption of <er>Agitator</er>.</def>

<h1>Adjute</h1>
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<hw>Ad*jute"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ajouter</ets>; confused with L. <ets>adjutare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To add.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adjutor</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ju"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>adjuvare</ets>. See <er>Aid</er>.]</ety> <def>A helper or assistant.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Adjutory</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ju"to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjutorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to help or assist; helping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adjutrix</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ju"trix</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Adjutor</er>.]</ety> <def>A female helper or assistant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Adjuvant</h1>
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<hw>Ad"ju*vant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adjuvans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adjuvare</ets> to aid: cf. F. <ets>adjuvant</ets>. See <er>Aid</er>.]</ety> <def>Helping; helpful; assisting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Adjuvant</i> causes."

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Adjuvant</h1>
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<hw>Ad"ju*vant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An assistant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Yelverton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An ingredient, in a prescription, which aids or modifies the action of the principal ingredient.</def>

<h1>Adlegation</h1>
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<hw>Ad`le*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adlegatio</ets>, <ets>allegatio</ets>, a sending away; fr. <ets>adlegare</ets>, <ets>allegare</ets>, to send away with a commission; <ets>ad</ets> in addition + <ets>legare</ets> to send as ambassador. Cf. <er>Allegation</er>.]</ety> <def>A right formerly claimed by the states of the German Empire of joining their own ministers with those of the emperor in public treaties and negotiations to the common interest of the empire.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Ad libitum</h1>
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<hw>Ad lib"i*tum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><def>. At one's pleasure; as one wishes.</def>

<h1>Adlocution</h1>
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<hw>Ad`lo*cu"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Allocution</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Admarginate</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mar"gin*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>margin</ets>.]</ety> <def>To write in the margin.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Admaxillary</h1>
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<hw>Ad*max"il*la*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>maxillary</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Near to the maxilla or jawbone.</def>

<h1>Admeasure</h1>
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<hw>Ad*meas"ure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>amesurer</ets>, LL. <ets>admensurare</ets>. See <er>Measure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To measure.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To determine the proper share of, or the proper apportionment; <as>as, to <ex>admeasure</ex> dower; to <ex>admeasure</ex> common of pasture.</as></def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The measure of a thing; dimensions; size.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Formerly, the adjustment of proportion, or ascertainment of shares, as of dower or pasture held in common. This was by writ of <i>admeasurement</i>, directed to the sheriff.</def>

<h1>Admeasurer</h1>
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<hw>Ad*meas"ur*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who admeasures.</def>

<h1>Admensuration</h1>
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<hw>Ad*men`su*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>admensuratio</ets>; L. <ets>ad + mensurare</ets> to measure. See <er>Mensuration</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Admeasurement</er>.</def>

<h1>Adminicle</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min"i*cle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adminculum</ets> support, orig., that on which the hand rests; <ets>ad + manus</ets> hand + dim. ending <ets>-culym</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Help or support; an auxiliary.</def>

<i>Grote.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Corroborative or explanatory proof.</def>

<note>In <i>Scots law</i>, any writing tending to establish the existence or terms of a lost deed.

<i>Bell.</i>
</note>

<h1>Adminicular</h1>
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<hw>Ad`mi*nic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Supplying help; auxiliary; corroborative; explanatory; <as>as, <ex>adminicular</ex> evidence</as>.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Adminiculary</h1>
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<hw>Ad`mi*nic"u*la*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adminicular.</def>

<h1>Administer</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min"is*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Administered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Administering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aministren</ets>, OF. <ets>aministrer</ets>, F. <ets>administer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>administrare</ets>; <ets>ad + ministrare</ets> to serve. See <er>Minister</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To manage or conduct, as public affairs; to direct or superintend the execution, application, or conduct of; <as>as, to <ex>administer</ex> the government or the state</as>.</def>

<blockquote>For forms of government let fools contest:
Whate'er is best <b>administered</b> is best.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dispense; to serve out; to supply; execute; <as>as, to <ex>administer</ex> relief, to <ex>administer</ex> the sacrament</as>.</def>

<blockquote>[Let zephyrs] <b>administer</b> their tepid, genial airs.
<i>Philips.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Justice was <b>administered</b> with an exactness and purity not before known.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To apply, as medicine or a remedy; to give, as a dose or something beneficial or suitable. Extended to a <i>blow</i>, a <i>reproof</i>, etc.</def>

<blockquote>A noxious drug had been <b>administered</b> to him.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To tender, as an oath.</def>

<blockquote>Swear . . . to keep the oath that we <b>administer</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To settle, as the estate of one who dies without a will, or whose will fails of an executor.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To manage; conduct; minister; supply; dispense; give out; distribute; furnish.</syn>

<h1>Administer</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min"is*ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To contribute; to bring aid or supplies; to conduce; to minister.</def>

<blockquote>A fountain . . . <b>administers</b> to the pleasure as well as the plenty of the place.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To perform the office of administrator; to act officially; <as>as, A <ex>administers</ex> upon the estate of B</as>.</def>

<h1>Administer</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min"is*ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Administrator.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Administerial</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min`is*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to administration, or to the executive part of government.</def>

<h1>Administrable</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min"is*tra*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being administered; <as>as, an <ex>administrable</ex> law</as>.</def>

<h1>Administrant</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min"is*trant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. pr. of <ets>administrer</ets>. See <er>Administer</er>.]</ety> <def>Executive; acting; managing affairs.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One who administers.</def></def2>

<h1>Administrate</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min"is*trate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>administratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>administrare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To administer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Administration</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min`is*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>administracioun</ets>, L. <ets>administratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>administration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of administering; government of public affairs; the service rendered, or duties assumed, in conducting affairs; the conducting of any office or employment; direction; management.</def>

<blockquote>His financial <b>administration</b> was of a piece with his military <b>administration</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The executive part of government; the persons collectively who are intrusted with the execution of laws and the superintendence of public affairs; the chief magistrate and his cabinet or council; or the council, or ministry, alone, as in Great Britain.</def>

<blockquote>A mild and popular <b>administration</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>administration</b> has been opposed in parliament.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of administering, or tendering something to another; dispensation; <as>as, the <ex>administration</ex> of a medicine, of an oath, of justice, or of the sacrament</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="23">
Page 23<p>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The management and disposal, under legal authority, of the estate of an intestate, or of a testator having no competent executor.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The management of an estate of a deceased person by an executor, the strictly corresponding term <i>execution</i> not being in use.</def>

<cs><col>Administration with the will annexed</col>, <cd>administration granted where the testator has appointed no executor, or where his appointment of an executor for any cause has failed, as by death, incompetency, refusal to act, etc.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Conduct; management; direction; regulation; execution; dispensation; distribution.</syn>

<h1>Administrative</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min"is*tra`tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>administrativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>administratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to administration; administering; executive; <as>as, an <ex>administrative</ex> body, ability, or energy</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*min"is*tra`tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Administrator</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min`is*tra"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who administers affairs; one who directs, manages, executes, or dispenses, whether in civil, judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs; a manager.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A man who manages or settles the estate of an intestate, or of a testator when there is no competent executor; one to whom the right of administration has been committed by competent authority.</def>

<h1>Administratorship</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min`is*tra"tor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The position or office of an administrator.</def>

<h1>Administratrix</h1>
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<hw>Ad*min`is*tra"trix</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A woman who administers; esp., one who administers the estate of an intestate, or to whom letters of administration have been granted; a female administrator.</def>

<h1>Admirability</h1>
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<hw>Ad`mi*ra*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>admirabilitac</ets>.]</ety> <def>Admirableness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Admirable</h1>
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<hw>Ad"mi*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>admirabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>admirable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fitted to excite wonder; wonderful; marvelous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In man there is nothing <b>admirable</b> but his ignorance and weakness.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having qualities to excite wonder united with approbation; deserving the highest praise; most excellent; -- used of persons or things.</def>  "An <i>admirable</i> machine."  "<i>Admirable</i> fortitude."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Wonderful; marvelous; surprising; excellent; delightful; praiseworthy.</syn>

<h1>Admirableness</h1>
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<hw>Ad"mi*ra*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being admirable; wonderful excellence.</def>

<h1>Admirably</h1>
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<hw>Ad"mi*ra*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an admirable manner.</def>

<h1>Admiral</h1>
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<hw>Ad"mi*ral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>amiral</ets>, <ets>admiral</ets>, OF. <ets>amiral</ets>, ultimately fr. Ar. <ets>am\'c6r-al-bahr</ets> commander of the sea; Ar. <ets>am\'c6r</ets> is commander, <ets>al</ets> is the Ar. article, and <ets>am\'c6r-al</ets>, heard in different titles, was taken as one word. Early forms of the word show confusion with L. <ets>admirabilis</ets> admirable, fr. <ets>admirari</ets> to admire. It is said to have been introduced into Europe by the Genoese or Venetians, in the 12th or 13th century. Cf. <er>Ameer</er>, <er>Emir</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A naval officer of the highest rank; a naval officer of high rank, of which there are different grades. The chief gradations in rank are <i>admiral</i>, <i>vice admiral</i>, and <i>rear admiral</i>. The <i>admiral</i> is the commander in chief of a fleet or of fleets.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The ship which carries the admiral; also, the most considerable ship of a fleet.</def>

<blockquote>Like some mighty <b>admiral</b>, dark and terrible, bearing down upon his antagonist with all his canvas straining to the wind, and all his thunders roaring from his broadsides.
<i>E. Everett.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A handsome butterfly <spn>(Pyrameis Atalanta)</spn> of Europe and America. The larva feeds on nettles.</def>

<cs><col>Admiral shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the popular name of an ornamental cone shell <spn>(Conus admiralis)</spn>.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Lord High Admiral</col>, <cd>a great officer of state, who (when this rare dignity is conferred) is at the head of the naval administration of Great Britain.</cd></cs>

<h1>Admiralship</h1>
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<hw>Ad"mi*ral*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or position oaf an admiral; also, the naval skill of an admiral.</def>

<h1>Admiralty</h1>
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<hw>Ad"mi*ral*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Admiralties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>amiraut\'82</ets>, for an older <ets>amiralt\'82</ets>, office of admiral, fr. LL. <ets>admiralitas</ets>. See <er>Admiral</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The office or jurisdiction of an admiral.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The department or officers having authority over naval affairs generally.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The court which has jurisdiction of maritime questions and offenses.</def>

<note>&hand; In England, admiralty jurisdiction was formerly vested in the High Court of Admiralty, which was held before the Lord High Admiral, or his deputy, styled the Judge of the Admiralty; but admiralty jurisdiction is now vested in the probate, divorce, and admiralty division of the High Justice. In America, there are no admiralty courts distinct from others, but admiralty jurisdiction is vested in the district courts of the United States, subject to revision by the circuit courts and the Supreme Court of the United States. Admiralty jurisprudence has cognizance of maritime contracts and torts, collisions at sea, cases of prize in war, etc., and in America, admiralty jurisdiction is extended to such matters, arising out of the navigation of any of the public waters, as the Great Lakes and rivers.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The system of jurisprudence of admiralty courts.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The building in which the lords of the admiralty, in England, transact business.</def>

<h1>Admirance</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mir"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>admirance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Admiration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Admiration</h1>
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<hw>Ad`mi*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>admiratio</ets>. See <er>Admire</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wonder; astonishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Season your <b>admiration</b> for a while.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wonder mingled with approbation or delight; an emotion excited by a person or thing possessed of wonderful or high excellence; <as>as, <ex>admiration</ex> of a beautiful woman, of a landscape, of virtue</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Cause of admiration; something to excite wonder, or pleased surprise; a prodigy.</def>

<blockquote>Now, good Lafeu, bring in the <b>admiration</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Note of admiration</col>, <cd>the mark (!), called also <altname>exclamation point</altname>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Wonder; approval; appreciation; adoration; reverence; worship.</syn>

<h1>Admirative</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mir"a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to or expressing admiration or wonder.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Admire</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mire"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Admired</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Admiring</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>admirer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>admirari</ets>; <ets>ad + mirari</ets> to wonder, for <ets>smirari</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/ to smile, Skr. <ets>smi</ets>, and E. <ets>smile</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To regard with wonder or astonishment; to view with surprise; to marvel at.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Examples rather to be <b>admired</b> than imitated.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To regard with wonder and delight; to look upon with an elevated feeling of pleasure, as something which calls out approbation, esteem, love, or reverence; to estimate or prize highly; <as>as, to <ex>admire</ex> a person of high moral worth, to <ex>admire</ex> a landscape</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Admired</b> as heroes and as gods obeyed.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Admire</i> followed by the infinitive is obsolete or colloquial; as, I <i>admire</i> to see a man consistent in his conduct.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- To esteem; approve; delight in.</syn>

<h1>Admire</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mire"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt><def>To wonder; to marvel; to be affected with surprise; -- sometimes with <i>at</i>.</def>

<blockquote>To wonder at Pharaoh, and even <b>admire</b> at myself.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Admired</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mired"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Regarded with wonder and delight; highly prized; <as>as, an <ex>admired</ex> poem</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wonderful; also, admirable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Admired</i> disorder."    " <i>Admired</i> Miranda."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Admirer</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mir"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who admires; one who esteems or loves greatly.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Admiring</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mir"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expressing admiration; <as>as, an <ex>admiring</ex> glance</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*mir"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Admissibility</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mis`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>admissibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being admissible; admissibleness; <as>as, the <ex>admissibility</ex> of evidence</as>.</def>

<h1>Admissible</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mis"si*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>admissible</ets>, LL. <ets>admissibilis</ets>. See <er>Admit</er>.]</ety> <def>Entitled to be admitted, or worthy of being admitted; that may be allowed or conceded; allowable; <as>as, the supposition is hardly <ex>admissible</ex></as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*mis"si*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Ad*mis"si*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Admission</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>admissio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>admission</ets>. See <er>Admit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of admitting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Power or permission to enter; admittance; entrance; access; power to approach.</def>

<blockquote>What numbers groan for sad <b>admission</b> there!
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The granting of an argument or position not fully proved; the act of acknowledging something <?/serted; acknowledgment; concession.</def>

<blockquote>The too easy <b>admission</b> of doctrines.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Acquiescence or concurrence in a statement made by another, and distinguishable from a confession in that an admission presupposes prior inquiry by another, but a confession may be made without such inquiry.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A fact, point, or statement admitted; <as>as, <ex>admission</ex> made out of court are received in evidence</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>Declaration of the bishop that he approves of the presentee as a fit person to serve the cure of the church to which he is presented.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Admittance; concession; acknowledgment; concurrence; allowance. See <er>Admittance</er>.</syn>

<h1>Admissive</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mis"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Implying an admission; tending to admit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Admissory</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mis"so*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to admission.</def>

<h1>Admit</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mit"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Admitted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Admitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>amitten</ets>, L. <ets>admittere</ets>, <ets>admissum</ets>; <ets>ad + mittere</ets> to send: cf. F. <ets>admettre</ets>, OF. <ets>admettre</ets>, OF. <ets>ametre</ets>. See <er>Missile</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To suffer to enter; to grant entrance, whether into a place, or into the mind, or consideration; to receive; to take; <as>as, they were into his house; to <ex>admit</ex> a serious thought into the mind; to <ex>admit</ex> evidence in the trial of a cause.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give a right of entrance; <as>as, a ticket one into a playhouse</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To allow (one) to enter on an office or to enjoy a privilege; to recognize as qualified for a franchise; <as>as, to <ex>admit</ex> an attorney to practice law; the prisoner was <ex>admitted</ex> to bail.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To concede as true; to acknowledge or assent to, as an allegation which it is impossible to deny; to own or confess; <as>as, the argument or fact is <ex>admitted</ex>; he <ex>admitted</ex> his guilt.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To be capable of; to permit; <as>as, the words do not <ex>admit</ex> such a construction</as>. In this sense, <i>of</i> may be used after the verb, or may be omitted.</def>

<blockquote>Both Houses declared that they could <b>admit</b> of no treaty with the king.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Admittable</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mit"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admissible.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Admittance</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mit"tance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of admitting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Permission to enter; the power or right of entrance; also, actual entrance; reception.</def>

<blockquote>To gain <b>admittance</b> into the house.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He desires <b>admittance</b> to the king.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To give <b>admittance</b> to a thought of fear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Concession; admission; allowance; <as>as, the <ex>admittance</ex> of an argument</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Admissibility.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The act of giving possession of a copyhold estate.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Admission; access; entrance; initiation.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Admittance</er>, <er>Admission</er>. These words are, to some extent, in a state of transition and change. <i>Admittance</i> is now chiefly confined to its primary sense of access into some locality or building. Thus we see on the doors of factories, shops, etc.  "No <i>admittance</i>." Its secondary or moral sense, as "<i>admittance</i>   to the church," is almost entirely laid aside. <i>Admission</i> has taken to itself the secondary or figurative senses; <as>as, <ex>admission</ex> to the rights of citizenship; <i>admission</i> to the church; the <i>admissions</i> made by one of the parties in a dispute</as>. And even when used in its primary sense, it is not identical with <i>admittance</i>. Thus, we speak of <i>admission</i> into a country, territory, and other larger localities, etc., where <i>admittance</i> could not be used. So, when we speak of <i>admission</i> to a concert or other public assembly, the meaning is not perhaps exactly that of <i>admittance</i>, viz., access within the walls of the building, but rather a reception into the audience, or access to the performances. But the lines of distinction on this subject are one definitely drawn.</usage>

<h1>Admittatur</h1>
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<hw>Ad`mit*ta"tur</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., let him be admitted.]</ety> <def>The certificate of admission given in some American colleges.</def>

<h1>Admitted, a. <def>Received as true or valid; acknowledged.</def>  -- <def2>Admittedly</h1>
<Xpage=23>

<hw>Ad*mit"ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Received as true or valid; acknowledged.</def>  -- <def2><hw>Ad*mit"ted*ly</hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def> Confessedly.</def></def2>

<h1>Admitter</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mit"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who admits.</def>

<h1>Admix</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mix"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>mix</ets>: cf. L. <ets>admixtus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>admiscere</ets>. See <er>Mix</er>.]</ety> <def>To mingle with something else; to mix.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Admixtion</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mix"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>admixtio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mingling of different things; admixture.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Admixture</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mix"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>admiscere</ets>, <ets>admixtum</ets>, to admix; <ets>ad + miscere</ets> to mix. See <er>Mix</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of mixing; mixture.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The compound formed by mixing different substances together.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is mixed with anything.</def>

<h1>Admonish</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mon"ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Admonished</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Admonishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>amonesten</ets>, OF. <ets>amonester</ets>, F. <ets>admonester</ets>, fr. a supposed LL. <ets>admonesstrare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>admonere</ets> to remind, warn; <ets>ad + monere</ets> to warn. See <er>Monition</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To warn or notify of a fault; to reprove gently or kindly, but seriously; to exhort.</def> "<i>Admonish</i> him as a brother."

<i>2 Thess. iii. 15.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To counsel against wrong practices; to cation or advise; to warn against danger or an offense; -- followed by <i>of</i>, <i>against</i>, or a subordinate clause.</def>

<blockquote><b>Admonishing</b> one another in psalms and hymns.
<i>Col. iii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I warned thee, I <b>admonished</b> thee, foretold
The danger, and the lurking enemy.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To instruct or direct; to inform; to notify.</def>

<blockquote>Moses was <b>admonished</b> of God, when he was about to make the tabernacle.
<i>Heb. viii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Admonisher</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mon"ish*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who admonishes.</def>

<h1>Admonishment</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mon"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>amonestement</ets>, <ets>admonestement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Admonition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Admonition</h1>
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<hw>Ad`mo*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>amonicioun</ets>, OF. <ets>amonition</ets>, F. <ets>admonition</ets>, fr. L. <ets>admonitio</ets>, fr. <ets>admonere</ets>. See <er>Admonish</er>.]</ety> <def>Gentle or friendly reproof; counseling against a fault or error; expression of authoritative advice; friendly caution or warning.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Admonition</er>, <er>Reprehension</er>, <er>Reproof</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Admonition</i> is prospective, and relates to moral delinquencies; its object is to prevent further transgression. <i>Reprehension</i> and <i>reproof</i> are retrospective, the former being milder than the latter. A person of any age or station may be liable to <i>reprehension</i> in case of wrong conduct; but <i>reproof</i> is the act of a superior. It is authoritative fault-finding or censure addressed to children or to inferiors.</usage>

<h1>Admonitioner</h1>
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<hw>Ad`mo*ni"tion*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Admonisher.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Admonitive</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mon"i*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admonitory. <mark>[R.]</mark> </def><i>Barrow</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*mon"i*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Admonitor</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mon"i*tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Admonisher; monitor.</def>

<blockquote>Conscience is at most times a very faithful and prudent <b>admonitor</b>.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Admonitorial</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mon`i*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admonitory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "An <i>admonitorial</i> tone."

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Admonitory</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mon"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>admonitorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>That conveys admonition; warning or reproving; <as>as, an <ex>admonitory</ex> glance</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*mon"i*to*ri*ly</wf>, <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Admonitrix</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mon"i*trix</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A female admonitor.</def>

<h1>Admortization</h1>
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<hw>Ad*mor`ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>admortizatio</ets>. Cf. <er>Amortization</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The reducing or lands or tenements to mortmain. See <er>Mortmain</er>.</def>

<h1>Admove</h1>
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<hw>Ad*move"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>admovere</ets>. See <er>Move</er>.]</ety> <def>To move or conduct to or toward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Adnascent</h1>
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<hw>Ad*nas"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adnascens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adnasci</ets> to be born, grow.]</ety> <def>Growing to or on something else.</def> "An <i>adnascent</i> plant."

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Adnate</h1>
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<hw>Ad"nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adnatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adnasci</ets>. See <er>Adnascent</er>, and cf. <er>Agnate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Grown to congenitally.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing together; -- said only of organic cohesion of unlike parts.</def>

<blockquote>An anther is <b>adnate</b> when fixed by its whole length to the filament.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Growing with one side adherent to a stem; -- a term applied to the lateral zooids of corals and other compound animals.</def>

<h1>Adnation</h1>
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<hw>Ad*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The adhesion or cohesion of different floral verticils or sets of organs.</def>

<h1>Adnominal</h1>
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<hw>Ad*nom"i*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad + nomen</ets> noun.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to an adnoun; adjectival; attached to a noun.</def> <i>Gibbs</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*nom"i*nal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Adnoun</h1>
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<hw>Ad"noun`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>noun</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>An adjective, or attribute.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Adnubilated</h1>
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<hw>Ad*nu"bi*la`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adnubilatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adnubilare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Clouded; obscured.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ado</h1>
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<hw>A*do"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, (1) <tt>v. inf.</tt>, (2) <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>at do</ets>, northern form for <ets>to do</ets>. Cf. <er>Affair</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To do; in doing; <as>as, there is nothing</as>.</def> "What is here <i>ado</i>?"

<i>J. Newton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Doing; trouble; difficulty; troublesome business; fuss; bustle; <as>as, to make a great <ex>ado</ex> about trifles</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With much <b>ado</b>, he partly kept awake.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let's follow to see the end of this <b>ado</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adobe</h1>
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<hw>A*do"be</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>An unburnt brick dried in the sun; also used as an adjective, <as>as, an <ex>adobe</ex> house, in Texas or New Mexico</as>.</def>

<h1>Adolescence</h1>
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<hw>Ad`o*les"cence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Fr., fr. L. <ets>adolescentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; youth, or the period of life between puberty and maturity, generally considered to be, in the male sex, from fourteen to twenty-one. Sometimes used with reference to the lower animals.</def>

<h1>Adolescency</h1>
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<hw>Ad`o*les"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being adolescent; youthfulness.</def>

<hr>
<page="24">
Page 24<p>

<h1>Adolescent</h1>
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<hw>Ad`o*les"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adolescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adolescere</ets> to grow up to; <ets>ad</ets> + the inchoative <ets>olescere</ets> to grow: cf. F. <ets>adolescent</ets>. See <er>Adult</er>.]</ety> <def>Growing; advancing from childhood to maturity.</def>

<blockquote>Schools, unless discipline were doubly strong,
Detain their <b>adolescent</b> charge too long.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adolescent</h1>
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<hw>Ad`o*les"cent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A youth.</def>

<h1>Adonean</h1>
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<hw>Ad`o*ne"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Adon<?/us</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Adonis; Adonic.</def> "Fair <i>Adonean</i> Venus."

<i>Faber.</i>

<h1>Adonic</h1>
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<hw>A*don"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>adonique</ets>: cf. L. <ets>Adonius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to Adonis, famed for his beauty.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An Adonic verse.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Adonic verse</col>, <cd>a verse consisting of a dactyl and spondee <tt>(#)</tt>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Adonis</h1>
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<hw>A*do"nis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., gr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>A youth beloved by Venus for his beauty. He was killed in the chase by a wild boar.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pre\'89minently beautiful young man; a dandy.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants of the family <spn>Ranunculace\'91</spn>, containing the pheasaut's eye <spn>(Adonis autumnalis)</spn>; -- named from Adonis, whose blood was fabled to have stained the flower.</def>

<h1>Adonist</h1>
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<hw>A*do"nist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets><?/d<?/n\'bei</ets> my Lords.]</ety> <def>One who maintains that points of the Hebrew word translated "Jehovah" are really the vowel points of the word "Adonai." See <er>Jehovist</er>.</def>

<h1>Adonize</h1>
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<hw>Ad"o*nize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>adoniser</ets>, fr. <ets>Adonis</ets>.]</ety> <def>To beautify; to dandify.</def>

<blockquote>I employed three good hours at least in adjusting and <b>adonozing</b> myself.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adoor, Adoors</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*door</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*doors</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw><def>At the door; of the door; <as>as, out <ex>adoors</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>I took him in <b>adoors</b>.
<i>Vicar's Virgil (1630).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adopt</h1>
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<hw>A*dopt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adopted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adopting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>adoptare</ets>; <ets>ad + optare</ets> to choose, desire: cf. F. <ets>adopter</ets>. See <er>Option</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take by choice into relationship, <as>as, child, heir, friend, citizen, etc.</as> ; esp. to take voluntarily (a child of other parents) to be in the place of, or as, one's own child.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take or receive as one's own what is not so naturally; to select and take or approve; <as>as, to <ex>adopt</ex> the view or policy of another; these resolutions were <ex>adopted</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Adoptable</h1>
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<hw>A*dopt"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being adopted.</def>

<h1>Adopted</h1>
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<hw>A*dopt"ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Taken by adoption; taken up as one's own; <as>as, an <ex>adopted</ex> son, citizen, country, word</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*dopt"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Adopter</h1>
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<hw>A*dopt"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who adopts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A receiver, with two necks, opposite to each other, one of which admits the neck of a retort, and the other is joined to another receiver. It is used in distillations, to give more space to elastic vapors, to increase the length of the neck of a retort, or to unite two vessels whose openings have different diameters.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>adapter</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Adoption</h1>
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<hw>A*dop"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adoptio</ets>, allied to <ets>adoptare</ets> to adopt: cf. F. <ets>adoption</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adopting, or state of being adopted; voluntary acceptance of a child of other parents to be the same as one's own child.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Admission to a more intimate relation; reception; <as>as, the <ex>adoption</ex> of persons into hospitals or monasteries, or of one society into another</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The choosing and making that to be one's own which originally was not so; acceptance; <as>as, the <ex>adoption</ex> of opinions</as>.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Adoptionist</h1>
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<hw>A*dop"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect which maintained that Christ was the Son of God not by nature but by adoption.</def>

<h1>Adoptious</h1>
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<hw>A*dop"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adopted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adoptive</h1>
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<hw>A*dopt"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adoptivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adoptif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to adoption; made or acquired by adoption; fitted to adopt; <as>as, an <ex>adoptive</ex> father, an child; an <ex>adoptive</ex> language.</as></def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*dopt"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Adorability</h1>
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<hw>A*dor`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adorableness.</def>

<h1>Adorable</h1>
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<hw>A*dor"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adorabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>adorare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adorable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Deserving to be adored; worthy of divine honors.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>adorable</b> Author of Christianity.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Worthy of the utmost love or respect.</def>

<h1>Adorableness</h1>
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<hw>A*dor"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being adorable, or worthy of adoration.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Adorably</h1>
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<hw>A*dor"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an adorable manner.</def>

<h1>Adoration</h1>
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<hw>Ad`o*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adoratio</ets>, fr. <ets>adorare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adoration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of playing honor to a divine being; the worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god.</def>

<blockquote>The more immediate objects of popular <b>adoration</b> amongst the heathens were deified human beings.
<i>Farmer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Homage paid to one in high esteem; profound veneration; intense regard and love; fervent devotion.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A method of electing a pope by the expression of homage from two thirds of the conclave.</def>

<blockquote>[Pole] might have been chosen on the spot by <b>adoration</b>.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adore</h1>
<Xpage=24>

<hw>A*dore"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p. Adored <tt>(#)</tt>; p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adoring</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aouren</ets>, <ets>anouren</ets>, <ets>adoren</ets>, OF. <ets>aorer</ets>, <ets>adorer</ets>, F. <ets>adorer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adorare</ets>; <ets>ad + orare</ets> to speak, pray, <ets>os</ets>, <ets>oris</ets>, mouth. In OE. confused with <ets>honor</ets>, the French prefix <ets>a-</ets> being confused with OE. <ets>a</ets>, <ets>an</ets>, on.  See <er>Oral</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as divine.</def>

<blockquote>Bishops and priests, . . . bearing the host, which he [James <?/.] publicly <b>adored</b>.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To love in the highest degree; to regard with the utmost esteem and affection; to idolize.</def>

<blockquote>The great mass of the population abhorred Popery and <b>adored</b> Montouth.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adore</h1>
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<hw>A*dore"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To adorn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Congealed little drops which do the morn <b>adore</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adorement</h1>
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<hw>A*dore"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of adoring; adoration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Adorer</h1>
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<hw>A*dor"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adores; a worshiper; one who admires or loves greatly; an ardent admirer.</def> "An <i>adorer</i> of truth."

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<blockquote>I profess myself her <b>adorer</b>, not her friend.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adoringly</h1>
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<hw>A*dor"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With adoration.</def>

<h1>Adorn</h1>
<Xpage=24>

<hw>A*dorn"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adorned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adorning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aournen</ets>, <ets>anournen</ets>, <ets>adornen</ets>, OF. <ets>aorner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aaornare</ets>; <ets>ad + ornare</ets> to furnish, embellish. See <er>Adore</er>, <er>Ornate</er>.]</ety> <def>To deck or dress with ornaments; to embellish; to set off to advantage; to render pleasing or attractive.</def>

<blockquote>As a bride <b>adorneth</b> herself with her jewels.
<i>Isa. lxi. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>At church, with meek and unaffected grace,
His looks <b>adorned</b> the venerable place.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To deck; decorate; embellish; ornament; beautify; grace; dignify; exalt; honor.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Adorn</er>, <er>Ornament</er>, <er>Decorate</er>, <er>Embellish</er>. We <i>decorate</i> and <i>ornament</i> by putting on some <i>adjunct</i> which is attractive or beautiful, and which serves to heighten the general effect. Thus, a lady's head-dress may be <i>ornament</i> or <i>decorated</i> with flowers or jewelry; a hall may be <i>decorated</i> or <i>ornament</i> with carving or gilding, with wreaths of flowers, or with hangings. <i>Ornament</i> is used in a wider sense than <i>decorate</i>. To <i>embellish</i> is to beautify or ornament richly, not so much by mere additions or details as by modifying the thing itself as a whole. It sometimes means gaudy and artificial decoration. We <i>embellish</i> a book with rich engravings; a style is <i>embellished</i> with rich and beautiful imagery; a shopkeeper <i>embellishes</i> his front window to attract attention. <i>Adorn</i> is sometimes identical with <i>decorate</i>, as when we say, a lady was <i>adorned</i> with jewels. In other cases, it seems to imply something more. Thus, we speak of a gallery of paintings as <i>adorned</i> with the works of some of the great masters, or <i>adorned</i> with noble statuary and columns. Here <i>decorated</i> and <i>ornamented</i> would hardly be appropriate. There is a value in these works of genius beyond mere show and ornament. <i>Adorn</i> may be used of what is purely moral; <as>as, a character <ex>adorned</ex> with every Christian grace</as>. Here neither <i>decorate</i>, nor <i>ornament</i>, nor <i>embellish</i> is proper.</usage>

<h1>Adorn</h1>
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<hw>A*dorn"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adornment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Adorn</h1>
<Xpage=24>

<hw>A*dorn"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adorned; decorated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Adornation</h1>
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<hw>Ad`or*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adornment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adorner</h1>
<Xpage=24>

<hw>A*dorn"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>He who, or that which, adorns; a beautifier.</def>

<h1>Adorningly</h1>
<Xpage=24>

<hw>A*dorn"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By adorning; decoratively.</def>

<h1>Adornment</h1>
<Xpage=24>

<hw>A*dorn"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>adornement</ets>. See <er>Adorn</er>.]</ety> <def>An adorning; an ornament; a decoration.</def>

<h1>Adosculation</h1>
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<hw>Ad*os"cu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adosculari</ets>, <ets>adosculatum</ets>, to kiss. See <er>Osculate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Impregnation by external contact, without intromission.</def>

<h1>Adown</h1>
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<hw>A*down"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>adun</ets>, <ets>adoun</ets>, <ets>adune</ets>. AS. <ets>of d</ets>\'d4<ets>ne</ets> off the hill. See <er>Down</er>.]</ety> <def>From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on the ground.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "Thrice did she sink <i>adown</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Adown</h1>
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<hw>A*down"</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Down.</def> <mark>[Archaic & Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Her hair <b>adown</b> her shoulders loosely lay displayed.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adpress</h1>
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<hw>Ad*press"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adpressus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adprimere</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Appressed</er>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*pressed"</wf>, <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Adrad</h1>
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<hw>A*drad"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <ety>[P. p. of <ets>adread</ets>.]</ety> <def>Put in dread; afraid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Adragant</h1>
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<hw>Ad"ra*gant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a corruption of <ets>tragacanth</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gum tragacanth.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Adread</h1>
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<hw>A*dread"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>andr\'91dan</ets>, <ets>ondr\'91</ets>; pref. <ets>a-</ets> (for <ets>and</ets> against) + <ets>dr\'91den</ets> to dread. See <er>Dread</er>.]</ety> <def>To dread.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Adreamed</h1>
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<hw>A*dreamed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Visited by a dream; -- used in the phrase, <i>To be adreamed</i>, to dream.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adrenal</h1>
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<hw>Ad*re"nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>renal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Suprarenal.</def>

<h1>Adrian</h1>
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<hw>A"dri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Hadrianus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the Adriatic Sea; <as>as, <ex>Adrian</ex> billows</as>.</def>

<h1>Adriatic</h1>
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<hw>A`dri*at"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Adriaticus</ets>, <ets>Hadriaticus</ets>, fr. <ets>Adria</ets> or <ets>Hadria</ets>, a town of the Veneti.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a sea so named, the northwestern part of which is known as the Gulf of Venice.</def>

<h1>Adrift</h1>
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<hw>A*drift"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> (for <ets>on</ets>) + <ets>drift</ets>.]</ety> <def>Floating at random; in a drifting condition; at the mercy of wind and waves. Also fig.</def>

<blockquote>So on the sea shall be set <b>adrift</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Were from their daily labor turned <b>adrift</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adrip</h1>
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<hw>A*drip"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> in + <ets>drip</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a dripping state; <as>as, leaves all <ex>adrip</ex></as>.</def>

<i>D. G. Mitchell.</i>

<h1>Adrogate</h1>
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<hw>Ad"ro*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arrogate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Law)</fld> <def>To adopt (a person who is his own master).</def>

<h1>Adrogation</h1>
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<hw>Ad`ro*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adrogatio</ets>, <ets>arrogatio</ets>, fr. <ets>adrogare</ets>. See <er>Arrogate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Law)</fld> <def>A kind of adoption in ancient Rome. See <er>Arrogation</er>.</def>

<h1>Adroit</h1>
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<hw>A*droit"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>adroit</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) = <ets>droit</ets> straight, right, fr. L. <ets>directus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dirigere</ets>. See <er>Direct</er>.]</ety> <def>Dexterous in the use of the hands or in the exercise of the mental faculties; exhibiting skill and readiness in avoiding danger or escaping difficulty; ready in invention or execution; -- applied to persons and to acts; <as>as, an <ex>adroit</ex> mechanic, an <ex>adroit</ex> reply</as>.</def>   "<i>Adroit</i> in the application of the telescope and quadrant." <i>Horsley</i>. "He was <i>adroit</i> in intrigue."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Dexterous; skillful; expert; ready; clever; deft; ingenious; cunning; ready-witted.</syn>

<h1>Adroitly</h1>
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<hw>A*droit"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an adroit manner.</def>

<h1>Adroitness</h1>
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<hw>A*droit"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being adroit; skill and readiness; dexterity.</def>

<blockquote><b>Adroitness</b> was as requisite as courage.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Skill</er>.</syn>

<h1>Adry</h1>
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<hw>A*dry"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> (for <ets>on</ets>) + <ets>dry</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a dry or thirsty condition.</def> "A man that is <i>adry</i>."

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Adscititious</h1>
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<hw>Ad`sci*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adscitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adsciscere</ets>, <ets>asciscere</ets>, to take knowingly; <ets>ad + sciscere</ets> to seek to know, approve, <ets>scire</ets> to know.]</ety> <def>Supplemental; additional; adventitious; ascititious.</def> "<i>Adscititious</i> evidence." <i>Bowring</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad`sci*ti"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Adscript</h1>
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<hw>Ad"script</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adscriptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adscribere</ets>   to enroll. See <er>Ascribe</er>.]</ety> <def>Held to service as attached to the soil; -- said of feudal serfs.</def>

<h1>Adscript</h1>
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<hw>Ad"script</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One held to service as attached to the glebe or estate; a feudal serf.</def>

<i>Bancroft.</i>

<h1>Adscriptive</h1>
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<hw>Ad*scrip"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>adscriptivus</ets>. See <er>Adscript</er>.]</ety> <def>Attached or annexed to the glebe or estate and transferable with it.</def>

<i>Brougham.</i>

<h1>Adsignification</h1>
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<hw>Ad*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Additional signification.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tooke.</i>

<h1>Adsignify</h1>
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<hw>Ad*sig"ni*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adsignificare</ets> to show.]</ety> <def>To denote additionally.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tooke.</i>

<h1>Adstrict</h1>
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<hw>Ad*strict"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*stric"tion</wf>, <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>n.</tt></wordforms> <def>See <er>Astrict</er>, and <er>Astriction</er>.</def>

<h1>Adstrictory</h1>
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<hw>Ad*stric"to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Astrictory</er>.</def>

<h1>Adstringent</h1>
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<hw>Ad*strin"gent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Astringent</er>.</def>

<h1>Adularia</h1>
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<hw>Ad`u*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Adula</ets>, a mountain peak in Switzerland, where fine specimens are found.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A transparent or translucent variety of common feldspar, or orthoclase, which often shows pearly opalescent reflections; -- called by lapidaries <i>moonstone</i>.</def>

<h1>Adulate</h1>
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<hw>Ad"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adulari</ets>.]</ety> <def>To flatter in a servile way.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Adulation</h1>
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<hw>Ad`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>adulation</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adulatio</ets>, fr. <ets>adulari</ets>, <ets>adulatum</ets>, to flatter.]</ety> <def>Servile flattery; praise in excess, or beyond what is merited.</def>

<blockquote>Think'st thou the fiery fever will go out
With titles blown from <b>adulation</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Sycophancy; cringing; fawning; obsequiousness; blandishment.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Adulation</er>, <er>Flattery</er>, <er>Compliment</er>. Men deal in <i>compliments</i> from a desire to please; they use <i>flattery</i> either from undue admiration, or a wish to gratify vanity; they practice <i>adulation</i> from sordid motives, and with a mingled spirit of falsehood and hypocrisy. <i>Compliment</i> may be a sincere expression of due respect and esteem, or it may be unmeaning; <i>flattery</i> is apt to become gross; <i>adulation</i> is always servile, and usually fulsome.</usage>

<h1>Adulator</h1>
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<hw>Ad"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>adulari</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adulateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>A servile or hypocritical flatterer.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Adulatory</h1>
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<hw>Ad"u*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adulatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>adulari</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>adulatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing excessive praise or compliment; servilely praising; flattering; <as>as, an <ex>adulatory</ex> address</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A mere rant of <b>adulatory</b> freedom.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adulatress</h1>
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<hw>Ad"u*la`tress</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who flatters with servility.</def>

<h1>Adult</h1>
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<hw>A*dult"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adultus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adolescere</ets>, akin to <ets>alere</ets> to nourish: cf. F. <ets>adulte</ets>. See <er>Adolescent</er>, <er>Old</er>.]</ety> <def>Having arrived at maturity, or to full size and strength; matured; <as>as, an <ex>adult</ex> person or plant; an <ex>adult</ex> ape; an <ex>adult</ex> age.</as></def>

<h1>Adult</h1>
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<hw>A*dult"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person, animal, or plant grown to full size and strength; one who has reached maturity.</def>

<note>&hand; In the <i>common law</i>, the term is applied to a person who has attained full age or legal majority; in the <i>civil law</i>, to males after the age of fourteen, and to females after twelve.</note>

<h1>Adulter</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adulterare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To commit adultery; to pollute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Adulterant</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adulterans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adulterare</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which is used to adulterate anything. --   <i>a</i>. Adulterating; <as>as, <ex>adulterant</ex> agents and processes</as>.</def>

<h1>Adulterate</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adulterated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt> <er>Adulterating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>adulteratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adulterare</ets>, fr. <ets>adulter</ets> adulterer, prob. fr. <ets>ad + alter</ets>   other, properly one who approaches another on account of unlawful love. Cf. <er>Advoutry</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To defile by adultery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To corrupt, debase, or make impure by an admixture of a foreign or a baser substance; <as>as, to <ex>adulterate</ex> food, drink, drugs, coin, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>The present war has . . . <b>adulterated</b> our tongue with strange words.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To corrupt; defile; debase; contaminate; vitiate; sophisticate.</syn>

<h1>Adulterate</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To commit adultery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adulterate</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tainted with adultery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Debased by the admixture of a foreign substance; adulterated; spurious.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>A*dul"ter*ate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>A*dul"ter*ate*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Adulteration</h1>
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<hw>A*dul`ter*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adulteratio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adulterating; corruption, or debasement (esp. of food or drink) by foreign mixture.</def>

<blockquote>The shameless <b>adulteration</b> of the coin.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An adulterated state or product.</def>

<h1>Adulterator</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who adulterates or corrupts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Adulterer</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formed fr. the verb <ets>adulter</ets>, with the E. ending <ets>-er</ets>. See <er>Advoutrer</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A man who commits adultery; a married man who has sexual intercourse with a woman not his wife.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>A man who violates his religious covenant.</def>

<i>Jer. ix. 2.</i>

<h1>Adulteress</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*ess</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Fem. from L. <ets>adulter</ets>. Cf. <er>Advoutress</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A woman who commits adultery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>A woman who violates her religious engagements.</def>

<i>James iv. 4.</i>

<h1>Adulterine</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*ine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>adulterinus</ets>, fr. <ets>adulter</ets>.]</ety> <def>Proceeding from adulterous intercourse. Hence: Spurious; without the support of law; illegal.</def>

<blockquote>When any particular class of artificers or traders thought proper to act as a corporation without a charter, such were called <b>adulterine</b> guilds.
<i>Adam Smith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adulterine</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*ine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An illegitimate child.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Adulterize</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To commit adultery.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Adulterous</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Guilty of, or given to, adultery; pertaining to adultery; illicit.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by adulteration; spurious.</def> "An <i>adulterous</i> mixture." <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Adulterously</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an adulterous manner.</def>

<h1>Adultery</h1>
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<hw>A*dul"ter*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adulteries</plw><tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>adulterium</ets>. See <er>Advoutry</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The unfaithfulness of a married person to the marriage bed; sexual intercourse by a married man with another than his wife, or voluntary sexual intercourse by a married woman with another than her husband.</def>

<hr>
<page="25">
Page 25<p>

<note>&hand; It is adultery on the part of the married wrongdoer.

The word has also been used to characterize the act of an unmarried participator, the other being married. In the United States the definition varies with the local statutes. Unlawful intercourse between two married persons is sometimes called <i>double adultery</i>; between a married and an unmarried person, <i>single adultery</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Adulteration; corruption.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Lewdness or unchastity of thought as well as act, as forbidden by the seventh commandment.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Faithlessness in religion.</def>

<i>Jer. iii. 9.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>The fine and penalty imposed for the offense of adultery.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The intrusion of a person into a bishopric during the life of the bishop.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Injury; degradation; ruin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>You might wrest the caduceus out of my hand to the <b>adultery</b> and spoil of nature.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adultness</h1>
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<hw>A*dult"ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being adult.</def>

<h1>Adumbrant</h1>
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<hw>Ad*um"brant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adumbrans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adumbrare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Giving a faint shadow, or slight resemblance; shadowing forth.</def>

<h1>Adumbrate</h1>
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<hw>Ad*um"brate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adumbratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adumbrare</ets>; <ets>ad + umbrare</ets> to shade; <ets>umbra</ets> shadow.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To give a faint shadow or slight representation of; to outline; to shadow forth.</def>

<blockquote>Both in the vastness and the richness of the visible universe the invisible God is <b>adumbrated</b>.
<i>L. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To overshadow; to shade.</def>

<h1>Adumbration</h1>
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<hw>Ad`um*bra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adumbratio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adumbrating, or shadowing forth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A faint sketch; an outline; an imperfect portrayal or representation of a thing.</def>

<blockquote>Elegant <b>adumbrations</b> of sacred truth.
<i>Bp. Horsley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The shadow or outlines of a figure.</def>

<h1>Adumbrative</h1>
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<hw>Ad*um"bra*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Faintly representing; typical.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Adunation</h1>
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<hw>Ad`u*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adunatio</ets>; <ets>ad + unus</ets> one.]</ety> <def>A uniting; union.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Adunc, Adunque</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*dunc"</hw>, <hw>A*dunque"</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Hooked; <as>as, a parrot has an <ex>adunc</ex> bill</as>.</def>

<h1>Aduncity</h1>
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<hw>A*dun"ci*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aduncitas</ets>. See <er>Aduncous</er>.]</ety> <def>Curvature inwards; hookedness.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>aduncity</b> of the beaks of hawks.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aduncous</h1>
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<hw>A*dun"cous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aduncus</ets>; <ets>ad + uncus</ets> hooked, hook.]</ety> <def>Curved inwards; hooked.</def>

<h1>Adure</h1>
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<hw>A*dure"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adurere</ets>; <ets>ad + urere</ets> to burn.]</ety> <def>To burn up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Adust</h1>
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<hw>A*dust"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adustus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adurere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aduste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inflamed or scorched; fiery. "The Libyan air <i>adust</i>."</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Looking as if or scorched; sunburnt.</def>

<blockquote>A tall, thin man, of an <b>adust</b> complexion.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having much heat in the constitution and little serum in the blood. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> Hence: Atrabilious; sallow; gloomy.</def>

<h1>Adusted</h1>
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<hw>A*dust"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Burnt; adust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Adustible</h1>
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<hw>A*dust"i*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be burnt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adustion</h1>
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<hw>A*dus"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adustio</ets>, fr. <ets>adurere</ets>, <ets>adustum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adustion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of burning, or heating to dryness; the state of being thus heated or dried.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Cauterization.</def>

<i>Buchanan.</i>

<h1>Ad valorem</h1>
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<hw>Ad va*lo"rem</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., according to the value.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A term used to denote a duty or charge laid upon goods, at a certain rate per cent upon their value, as stated in their invoice, -- in opposition to a specific sum upon a given quantity or number; <as>as, an <ex>ad valorem</ex> duty of twenty per cent</as>.</def>

<h1>Advance</h1>
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<hw>Ad*vance"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Advanced</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Advancing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>(#).]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>avancen</ets>, <ets>avauncen</ets>, F. <ets>avancer</ets>, fr. a supposed LL. <ets>abantiare</ets>; <ets>ab + ante</ets> (F. <ets>avant</ets>) before. The spelling with <ets>d</ets> was a mistake, <ets>a-</ets> being supposed to be fr. L. <ets>ad</ets>. See <er>Avaunt</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring forward; to move towards the van or front; to make to go on.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To raise; to elevate.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>They . . . <b>advanced</b> their eyelids.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To raise to a higher rank; to promote.</def>

<blockquote>Ahasueres . . . <b>advanced</b> him, and set his seat above all the princes.
<i>Esther iii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To accelerate the growth or progress; to further; to forward; to help on; to aid; to heighten; <as>as, to <ex>advance</ex> the ripening of fruit; to <ex>advance</ex> one's interests.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To bring to view or notice; to offer or propose; to show; <as>as, to <ex>advance</ex> an argument</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Some ne'er <b>advance</b> a judgment of their own.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To make earlier, as an event or date; to hasten.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To furnish, as money or other value, before it becomes due, or in aid of an enterprise; to supply beforehand; <as>as, a merchant <ex>advances</ex> money on a contract or on goods consigned to him</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To raise to a higher point; to enhance; to raise in rate; <as>as, to <ex>advance</ex> the price of goods</as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To extol; to laud.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Greatly <b>advancing</b> his gay chivalry.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To raise; elevate; exalt; aggrandize; improve; heighten; accelerate; allege; adduce; assign.</syn>

<h1>Advance</h1>
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<hw>Ad*vance"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move or go forward; to proceed; <as>as, he <ex>advanced</ex> to greet me</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To increase or make progress in any respect; <as>as, to <ex>advance</ex> in knowledge, in stature, in years, in price</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To rise in rank, office, or consequence; to be preferred or promoted.</def>

<blockquote><b>Advanced</b> to a level with ancient peers.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Advance</h1>
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<hw>Ad*vance"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>avance</ets>, fr. <ets>avancer</ets>. See <er>Advance</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of advancing or moving forward or upward; progress.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Improvement or progression, physically, mentally, morally, or socially; <as>as, an <ex>advance</ex> in health, knowledge, or religion; an <ex>advance</ex> in rank or office.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An addition to the price; rise in price or value; <as>as, an <ex>advance</ex> on the prime cost of goods</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The first step towards the attainment of a result; approach made to gain favor, to form an acquaintance, to adjust a difference, etc.; an overture; a tender; an offer; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>[He] made the like <b>advances</b> to the dissenters.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A furnishing of something before an equivalent is received (as money or goods), towards a capital or stock, or on loan; payment beforehand; the money or goods thus furnished; money or value supplied beforehand.</def>

<blockquote>I shall, with pleasure, make the necessary <b>advances</b>.
<i>Jay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The account was made up with intent to show what <b>advances</b> had been made.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>In advance</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In front; before.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Beforehand; before an equivalent is received.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>In the state of having advanced money on account; as, A is <i>advance<i> to B a thousand dollars or pounds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Advance</h1>
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<hw>Ad*vance"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Before in place, or beforehand in time; -- used for <i>advanced</i>; <as>as, an <ex>advance</ex> guard, or that before the main guard or body of an army; <ex>advance</ex> payment, or that made before it is due; <ex>advance</ex> proofs, <ex>advance</ex> sheets, pages of a forthcoming volume, received in advance of the time of publication.</as></def>

<h1>Advanced</h1>
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<hw>Ad*vanced"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the van or front.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the front or before others, as regards progress or ideas; <as>as, <ex>advanced</ex> opinions, <ex>advanced</ex> thinkers</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Far on in life or time.</def>

<blockquote>A gentleman <b>advanced</b> in years, with a hard experience written in his wrinkles.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Advanced guard</col>, <cd>a detachment of troops which precedes the march of the main body.</cd></cs>

<h1>Advancement</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*vance"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>avancement</ets>, F. <ets>avancement</ets>. See <er>Advance</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of advancing, or the state of being advanced; progression; improvement; furtherance; promotion to a higher place or dignity; <as>as, the <ex>advancement</ex> of learning</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In heaven . . . every one (so well they love each other) rejoiceth and hath his part in each other's <b>advancement</b>.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>True religion . . . proposes for its end the joint <b>advancement</b> of the virtue and happiness of the people.
<i>Horsley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An advance of money or value; payment in advance. See <er>Advance</er>, 5.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Property given, usually by a parent to a child, in advance of a future distribution.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Settlement on a wife, or jointure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Advancer</h1>
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<hw>Ad*van"cer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who advances; a promoter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A second branch of a buck's antler.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Advancive</h1>
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<hw>Ad*van"cive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to advance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Advantage</h1>
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<hw>Ad*van"tage</hw> <tt>(?; 61, 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>avantage</ets>, <ets>avauntage</ets>, F. <ets>avantage</ets>, fr. <ets>avant</ets> before. See <er>Advance</er>, and cf. <er>Vantage</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any condition, circumstance, opportunity, or means, particularly favorable to success, or to any desired end; benefit; <as>as, the enemy had the <ex>advantage</ex> of a more elevated position</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Give me <b>advantage</b> of some brief discourse.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>advantages</b> of a close alliance.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Superiority; mastery; -- with <i>of</i> or <i>over</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Lest Satan should get an <b>advantage</b> of us.
<i>2 Cor. ii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Superiority of state, or that which gives it; benefit; gain; profit; <as>as, the <ex>advantage</ex> of a good constitution</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Interest of money; increase; overplus (as the thirteenth in the baker's dozen).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And with <b>advantage</b> means to pay thy love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Advantage ground</col>, <cd>vantage ground. <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Clarendon</i>.</cd> -- <col>To have the advantage of</col> (any one), <cd>to have a personal knowledge of one who does not have a reciprocal knowledge.</cd>  "You <i>have the advantage of<i> me; I don't remember ever to have had the honor." <i>Sheridan</i>. -- <col>To take advantage of</col>, <cd>to profit by; (often used in a bad sense) to overreach, to outwit.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Advantage</er>, <er>Advantageous</er>, <er>Benefit</er>, <er>Beneficial</er>.</syn> <usage> We speak of a thing as a <i>benefit</i>, or as <i>beneficial</i>, when it is simply productive of good; as, the <i>benefits</i> of early discipline; the <i>beneficial</i> effects of adversity. We speak of a thing as an <i>advantage</i>, or as <i>advantageous</i>, when it affords us the means of getting forward, and places us on a "vantage ground" for further effort. Hence, there is a difference between the <i>benefits</i> and the <i>advantages</i> of early education; between a <i>beneficial</i> and an <i>advantageous</i> investment of money.</usage>

<h1>Advantage</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*van"tage</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Advantaged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Advantaging</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>avantager</ets>, fr. <ets>avantage</ets>. See <er>Advance</er>.]</ety> <def>To give an advantage to; to further; to promote; to benefit; to profit.</def>

<blockquote>The truth is, the archbishop's own stiffness and averseness to comply with the court designs, <b>advantaged</b> his adversaries against him.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What is a man <b>advantaged</b>, if he gain the whole world, and lose himself, or be cast away?
<i>Luke ix. 25.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To advantage one's self of</col>, <cd>to avail one's self of. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Advantageable</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*van"tage*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Advantageous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Advantageous</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad`van*ta"geous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avantageux</ets>, fr. <ets>avantage</ets>.]</ety> <def>Being of advantage; conferring advantage; gainful; profitable; useful; beneficial; <as>as, an <ex>advantageous</ex> position; trade is <ex>advantageous</ex> to a nation.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Advabtageous</b> comparison with any other country.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You see . . . of what use a good reputation is, and how swift and <b>advantageous</b> a harbinger it is, wherever one goes.
<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Advantageously</h1>
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<hw>Ad`van*ta"geous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Profitably; with advantage.</def>

<h1>Advantageousness</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad`van*ta"geous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Profitableness.</def>

<h1>Advene</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*vene"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>advenire</ets>; <ets>ad + venire</ets> to come: cf. F. <ets>avenir</ets>, <ets>advenir</ets>. See <er>Come</er>.]</ety> <def>To accede, or come (<i>to</i>); to be added to something or become a part of it, though not essential.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Where no act of the will <b>advenes</b> as a coefficient.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Advenient</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ven"ient</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adviens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Coming from outward causes; superadded. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Advent</h1>
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<hw>Ad`vent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adventus</ets>, fr. <ets>advenire</ets>, <ets>adventum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>avent</ets>. See <er>Advene</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The period including the four Sundays before Christmas.</def>

<cs><col>Advent Sunday</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>the first Sunday in the season of Advent, being always the nearest Sunday to the feast of St. Andrew (Now. 30).</cd></cs>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The first or the expected second coming of Christ.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Coming; any important arrival; approach.</def>

<blockquote>Death's dreadful <b>advent</b>.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Expecting still his <b>advent</b> home.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adventist</h1>
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<hw>Ad"vent*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a religious body, embracing several branches, who look for the proximate personal coming of Christ; -- called also <altname>Second Adventists</altname>.</def>

<i>Schaff-Herzog Encyc.</i>

<h1>Adventitious</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad`ven*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adventitius</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Added extrinsically; not essentially inherent; accidental or causal; additional; supervenient; foreign.</def>

<blockquote>To things of great dimensions, if we annex an <b>adventitious</b> idea of terror, they become without comparison greater.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Out of the proper or usual place; <as>as, <ex>adventitious</ex> buds or roots</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Accidentally or sparingly spontaneous in a country or district; not fully naturalized; adventive; -- applied to foreign plants.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Acquired, as diseases; accidental.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ad`ven*ti"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ad`ven*ti"tious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Adventive</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Accidental.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Adventitious.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Adventive</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thing or person coming from without; an immigrant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Adventual</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ven"tu*al</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the season of advent.</def>

<i>Sanderson.</i>

<h1>Adventure</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ven"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aventure</ets>, <ets>aunter</ets>, <ets>anter</ets>, F. <ets>aventure</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>adventura</ets>, fr. L. <ets>advenire</ets>, <ets>adventum</ets>, to arrive, which in the Romance languages took the sense of "to happen, befall." See <ets>Advene</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which happens without design; chance; hazard; hap; hence, chance of danger or loss.</def>

<blockquote>Nay, a far less good to man it will be found, if she must, at all <b>adventures</b>, be fastened upon him individually.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Risk; danger; peril.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He was in great <b>adventure</b> of his life.
<i>Berners.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The encountering of risks; hazardous and striking enterprise; a bold undertaking, in which hazards are to be encountered, and the issue is staked upon unforeseen events; a daring feat.</def>

<blockquote>He loved excitement and <b>adventure</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A remarkable occurrence; a striking event; a stirring incident; <as>as, the <ex>adventures</ex> of one's life</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A mercantile or speculative enterprise of hazard; a venture; a shipment by a merchant on his own account.</def>

<cs><col>A bill of adventure</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>a writing setting forth that the goods shipped are at the owner's risk.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Undertaking; enterprise; venture; event.</syn>

<h1>Adventure</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adventured</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adventuring</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aventuren</ets>, <ets>auntren</ets>, F. <ets>aventurer</ets>, fr. <ets>aventure</ets>. See <er>Adventure</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To risk, or hazard; jeopard; to venture.</def>

<blockquote>He would not <b>adventure</b> himself into the theater.
<i>Acts xix. 31.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To venture upon; to run the risk of; to dare.</def>

<blockquote>Yet they <b>adventured</b> to go back.
<i>Bunyan,</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Discriminations might be <b>adventured</b>.
<i>J. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adventure</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"ture</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To try the chance; to take the risk.</def>

<blockquote>I would <b>adventure</b> for such merchandise.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adventureful</h1>
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<hw>Ad*ven"ture*ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Given to adventure.</def>

<h1>Adventurer</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"tur*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aventurier</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who adventures; <as>as, the merchant <ex>adventurers</ex></as>; one who seeks his fortune in new and hazardous or perilous enterprises.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A social pretender on the lookout for advancement.</def>

<h1>Adventuresome</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"ture*some</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of risk; adventurous; venturesome.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*ven"ture*some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Adventuress</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"tur*ess</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female adventurer; a woman who tries to gain position by equivocal means.</def>

<h1>Adventurous</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"tur*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aventurous</ets>, <ets>aunterous</ets>, OF. <ets>aventuros</ets>, F. <ets>aventureux</ets>, fr. <ets>aventure</ets>. See <er>Adventure</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclined to adventure; willing to incur hazard; prone to embark in hazardous enterprise; rashly daring; -- applied to persons.</def>

<blockquote>Bold deed thou hast presumed, <b>adventurous</b> Eve.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Full of hazard; attended with risk; exposing to danger; requiring courage; rash; -- applied to acts; <as>as, an <ex>adventurous</ex> undertaking, deed, song</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Rash; foolhardy; presumptuous; enterprising; daring; hazardous; venturesome. See <er>Rash</er>.</syn>

<h1>Adventurously</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"tur*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an adventurous manner; venturesomely; boldly; daringly.</def>

<h1>Adventurousness</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ven"tur*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being adventurous; daring; venturesomeness.</def>

<h1>Adverb</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad"verb</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adverbium</ets>; <ets>ad + verbum</ets> word, verb: cf. F. <ets>adverbe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word used to modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective, or other adverb, and usually placed near it; <as>as, he writes <ex>well</ex>; paper <ex>extremely</ex> white.</as></def>

<h1>Adverbial</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ver"bi*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adverbialis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adverbial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an adverb; of the nature of an adverb; <as>as, an <ex>adverbial</ex> phrase or form</as>.</def>

<h1>Adverbiality</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ver`bi*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being adverbial.</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Adverbialize</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ver"bi*al*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give the force or form of an adverb to.</def>

<h1>Adverbially</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad*ver"bi*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of an adverb.</def>

<h1>Adversaria</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad`ver*sa"ri*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adversaria</ets> (sc. <ets>scripta</ets>), neut. pl. of <ets>adversarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>A miscellaneous collection of notes, remarks, or selections; a commonplace book; also, commentaries or notes.</def>

<blockquote>These parchments are supposed to have been St. Paul's <b>adversaria</b>.
<i>Bp. Bull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adversarious</h1>
<Xpage=25>

<hw>Ad`ver*sa"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hostile.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Adversary</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose<hr>
<page="26">
Page 26<p> or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>

<blockquote>His ancient knot of dangerous <b>adversaries</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Agree with thine <b>adversary</b> quickly.
<i>Matt. v. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It may be thought that to vindicate the permanency of truth is to dispute without an <b>adversary</b>.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The Adversary</col>, <cd>The Satan, or the Devil.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Adversary</er>, <er>Enemy</er>, <er>Opponent</er>, <er>Antagonist</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Enemy</i> is the only one of these words which necessarily implies a state of personal hostility. Men may be <i>adversaries</i>, <i>antagonists</i>, or <i>opponents</i> to each other in certain respects, and yet have no feelings of general animosity. An <i>adversary</i> may be simply one who is placed for a time in a hostile position, as in a lawsuit, an argument, in chess playing, or at fence. An <i>opponent</i> is one who is ranged against another (perhaps passively) on the opposing side; as a political <i>opponent</i>, an <i>opponent</i> in debate. An <i>antagonist</i> is one who struggles against another with active effort, either in a literal fight or in verbal debate.</usage>

<h1>Adversary</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Opposed; opposite; adverse; antagonistic.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bp. King.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Having an opposing party; not unopposed; <as>as, an <ex>adversary</ex> suit</as>.</def>

<h1>Adversative</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*ver"sa*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adversativus</ets>, fr. <ets>adversari</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expressing contrariety, opposition, or antithesis; <as>as, an <ex>adversative</ex> conjunction (<ex>but</ex>, <ex>however</ex>, <ex>yet</ex>, etc.</as> ); an <i>adversative</i> force.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*ver"sa*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Adversative</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*ver"sa*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An adversative word.</def>

<i>Harris.</i>

<h1>Adverse</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"verse</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>advers</ets>, OF. <ets>avers</ets>, <ets>advers</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversus</ets>, p. p. <ets>advertere</ets> to turn to. See <er>Advert</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Acting against, or in a contrary direction; opposed; contrary; opposite; conflicting; <as>as, <ex>adverse</ex> winds; an <ex>adverse</ex> party; a spirit <ex>adverse</ex> to distinctions of caste.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Opposite.</def> "Calpe's <i>adverse</i> height."

<i>Byron.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In hostile opposition to; unfavorable; unpropitious; contrary to one's wishes; unfortunate; calamitous; afflictive; hurtful; <as>as, <ex>adverse</ex> fates, <ex>adverse</ex> circumstances, things <ex>adverse</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Happy were it for us all if we bore prosperity as well and wisely as we endure an <b>adverse</b> fortune.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Adverse possession</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a possession of real property avowedly contrary to some claim of title in another person.</cd>

<i>Abbott.</i>
</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Averse; reluctant; unwilling. See <er>Averse</er>.</syn>

<h1>Adverse</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*verse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adversari</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>averser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To oppose; to resist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Adversely</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"verse*ly</hw> <tt>(277)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an adverse manner; inimically; unfortunately; contrariwise.</def>

<h1>Adverseness</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"verse*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being adverse; opposition.</def>

<h1>Adversifoliate, Adversifolious</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw><hw>Ad*ver`si*fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ad*ver`si*fo"li*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>adver + folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having opposite leaves, as plants which have the leaves so arranged on the stem.</def>

<h1>Adversion</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>adversio</ets>]</ety> <def>A turning towards; attention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Adversity</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*ver"si*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversities</plw><tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversite</ets>, F. <ets>adversit\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversitas</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Opposition; contrariety.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<blockquote><b>Adversity</b> is not without comforts and hopes.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Affliction; distress; misery; disaster; trouble; suffering; trial.</syn>

<h1>Advert</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vert"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Adverted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Adverting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>advertere</ets>, v. t., to turn to; <ets>ad + vertere</ets> to turn: cf. F. <ets>avertir</ets>. See <er>Advertise</er>.]</ety> <def>To turn the mind or attention; to refer; to take heed or notice; -- with <i>to</i>; <as>as, he <ex>adverted</ex> to what was said</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I may again <b>advert</b> to the distinction.
<i>Owen.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn.- To refer; allude; regard. See <er>Refer</er>.</syn>

<h1>Advertence, Advertency</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw><hw>Ad*vert"ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ad*vert"en*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw><ety>[OF. <ets>advertence</ets>, <ets>avertence</ets>, LL. <ets>advertentia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>advertens</ets>. See <er>Advertent</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of adverting, of the quality of being advertent; attention; notice; regard; heedfulness.</def>

<blockquote>To this difference it is right that <b>advertence</b> should be had in regulating taxation.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Advertent</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vert"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>advertens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>advertere</ets>. See <er>Advert</er>.]</ety> <def>Attentive; heedful; regardful.</def> <i>Sir M. Hale</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*vert"ent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Advertise</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad`ver*tise"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Advertised</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Advertising</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>avertir</ets>, formerly also spelt <ets>advertir</ets>, to warn, give notice to, L. <ets>advertere</ets> to turn to. The ending was probably influenced by the noun <ets>advertisement</ets>. See <er>Advert</er>.]</ety> <def>To give notice to; to inform or apprise; to notify; to make known; hence, to warn; -- often followed by <i>of</i> before the subject of information; <as>as, to <ex>advertise</ex> a man of his loss</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>I will <b>advertise</b> thee what this people shall do.
<i>Num. xxiv. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give public notice of; to announce publicly, esp. by a printed notice; <as>as, to <ex>advertise</ex> goods for sale, a lost article, the sailing day of a vessel, a political meeting</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To apprise; inform; make known; notify; announce; proclaim; promulgate; publish.</syn>

<h1>Advertisement</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*ver"tise*ment</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.<ets>avertisement</ets>, formerly also spelled <ets>advertissement</ets>, a warning, giving notice, fr. <ets>avertir</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of informing or notifying; notification.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>An <b>advertisement</b> of danger.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Admonition; advice; warning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Therefore give me no counsel:
My griefs cry louder than <b>advertisement</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A public notice, especially a paid notice in some public print; anything that advertises; <as>as, a newspaper containing many <ex>advertisement</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Advertiser</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad`ver*tis"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, advertises.</def>

<h1>Advice</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vice"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>avis</ets>, F. <ets>avis</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> + OF. <ets>vis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>visum</ets> seemed, seen; really p. p. of <ets>videre</ets> to see, so that <ets>vis</ets> meant that which has seemed best. See <er>Vision</er>, and cf. <er>Avise</er>, <er>Advise</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An opinion recommended or offered, as worthy to be followed; counsel.</def>

<blockquote>We may give <b>advice</b>, but we can not give conduct.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deliberate consideration; knowledge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>How shall I dote on her with more <b>advice</b>,
That thus without <b>advice</b> begin to love her?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Information or notice given; intelligence; <as>as, late <ex>advices</ex> from France</as>; -- commonly in the plural.</def>

<note>&hand; In commercial language, <i>advice</i> usually means information communicated by letter; -- used chiefly in reference to drafts or bills of exchange; as, a letter of <i>advice</i>.</note>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Crim. Law)</fld> <def>Counseling to perform a specific illegal act.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<cs><col>Advice boat</col>, <cd>a vessel employed to carry dispatches or to reconnoiter; a dispatch boat.</cd> -- <col>To take advice</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To accept advice.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To consult with another or others.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Counsel; suggestion; recommendation; admonition; exhortation; information; notice.</syn>

<h1>Advisability</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vis`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being advisable; advisableness.</def>

<h1>Advisable</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vis"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Proper to be advised or to be done; expedient; prudent.</def>

<blockquote>Some judge it <b>advisable</b> for a man to account with his heart every day.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ready to receive advice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Expedient; proper; desirable; befitting.</syn>

<h1>Advisable-ness</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vis"a*ble-ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being advisable or expedient; expediency; advisability.</def>

<h1>Advisably</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vis"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With advice; wisely.</def>

<h1>Advise</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vise"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Advised</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Advising</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>avisen</ets> to perceive, consider, inform, F. <ets>aviser</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>advisare</ets>. <ets>advisare</ets>; <ets>ad + visare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>videre</ets>, <ets>visum</ets>, to see. See <er>Advice</er>, and cf. <er>Avise</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give advice to; to offer an opinion, as worthy or expedient to be followed; to counsel; to warn.</def> "I shall no more <i>advise</i> thee."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give information or notice to; to inform; -- with <i>of</i> before the thing communicated; <as>as, we were <ex>advised</ex> of the risk</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To advise one's self</col>, <cd>to bethink one's self; to take counsel with one's self; to reflect; to consider. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote>Bid thy master well <b>advise</b> himself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To counsel; admonish; apprise; acquaint.</syn>

<h1>Advise</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vise"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To consider; to deliberate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Advise</b> if this be worth attempting.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take counsel; to consult; -- followed by <i>with</i>; <as>as, to <ex>advise</ex> with friends</as>.</def>

<h1>Advisedly</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vis"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Circumspectly; deliberately; leisurely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With deliberate purpose; purposely; by design.</def>  "<i>Advisedly</i> undertaken."

<i>Suckling.</i>

<h1>Advisedness</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vis"ed*ness</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Deliberate consideration; prudent procedure; caution.</def>

<h1>Advisement</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vise"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>avisement</ets>, F. <ets>avisement</ets>, fr. <ets>aviser</ets>. See <er>Advise</er>, and cf. <er>Avisement</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Counsel; advise; information.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>And mused awhile, waking <b>advisement</b> takes of what had passed in sleep.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consideration; deliberation; consultation.</def>

<blockquote>Tempering the passion with <b>advisement</b> slow.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Adviser</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vis"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who advises.</def>

<h1>Advisership</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vis"er*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of an adviser.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Adviso</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vi"so</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>aviso</ets>. See <er>Advice</er>.]</ety> <def>Advice; counsel; suggestion; also, a dispatch or advice boat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Advisory</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vi"so*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power to advise; containing advice; <as>as, an <ex>advisory</ex> council; their opinion is merely <ex>advisory</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The General Association has a general <b>advisory</b> superintendence over all the ministers and churches.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Advocacy</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"vo*ca*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>advocatie</ets>, LL. <ets>advocatia</ets>. See <er>Advocate</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of pleading for or supporting; work of advocating; intercession.</def>

<h1>Advocate</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"vo*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>avocat</ets>, <ets>avocet</ets>, OF. <ets>avocat</ets>, fr. L. <ets>advocatus</ets>, one summoned or called to another; properly the p. p. of <ets>advocare</ets> to call to, call to one's aid; <ets>ad + vocare</ets> to call. See <er>Advowee</er>, <er>Avowee</er>, <er>Vocal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who pleads the cause of another. Specifically: One who pleads the cause of another before a tribunal or judicial court; a counselor.</def>

<note>&hand; In the English and American Law, <i>advocate</i> is the same as "counsel," "counselor," or "barrister." In the civil and ecclesiastical courts, the term signifies the same as "counsel" at the common law.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who defends, vindicates, or espouses any cause by argument; a pleader; <as>as, an <ex>advocate</ex> of free trade, an <ex>advocate</ex> of truth</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Christ, considered as an intercessor.</def>

<blockquote>We have an <b>Advocate</b> with the Father.
<i>1 John ii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Faculty of advocates</col> <fld>(Scot.)</fld>, <cd>the Scottish bar in Edinburgh.</cd> -- <col>Lord advocate</col> <fld>(Scot.)</fld>, <cd>the public prosecutor of crimes, and principal crown lawyer.</cd> -- <col>Judge advocate</col>.  <cd>See under <er>Judge</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Advocate</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"vo*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Advocated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Advocating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Advocate</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Advoke</er>, <er>Avow</er>.]</ety> <def>To plead in favor of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>advocate</b> the cause of thy client.
<i>Bp. Sanderson (1624).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been <b>advocated</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Eminent orators were engaged to <b>advocate</b> his cause.
<i>Mitford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Advocate</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"vo*cate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act as advocate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Advocateship</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"vo*cate*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Office or duty of an advocate.</def>

<h1>Advocation</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad`vo*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>advocatio</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>avocation</ets>. See <er>Advowson</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of advocating or pleading; plea; advocacy.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The holy Jesus . . . sits in heaven in a perpetual <b>advocation</b> for us.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Advowson.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The donations or <b>advocations</b> of church livings.
<i>Sanderson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The process of removing a cause from an inferior court to the supreme court.</def>

<i>Bell.</i>

<h1>Advocatory</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"vo*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an advocate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Advoke</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*voke"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>advocare</ets>. See <er>Advocate</er>.]</ety> <def>To summon; to call.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Queen Katharine had privately prevailed with the pope to <b>advoke</b> the cause to Rome.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Advolution</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad`vo*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>advolvere</ets>, <ets>advolutum</ets>, to roll to.]</ety> <def>A rolling toward something.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Advoutrer</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vou"trer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>avoutre</ets>, <ets>avoltre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adulter</ets>. Cf. <er>Adulterer</er>.]</ety> <def>An adulterer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Advoutress</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vou"tress</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An adulteress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Advoutry, Advowtry</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw><hw>Ad*vou"try</hw>, <hw>Ad*vow"try</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>avoutrie</ets>, <ets>avouterie</ets>, <ets>advoutrie</ets>, OF. <ets>avoutrie</ets>, <ets>avulterie</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adulterium</ets>. Cf. <er>Adultery</er>.]</ety> <def>Adultery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Advowee</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vow*ee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>avowe</ets>, F. <ets>avou\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>advocatus</ets>. See <er>Advocate</er>, <er>Avowee</er>, <er>Avoyer</er>.]</ety> <def>One who has an advowson.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Advowson</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*vow"son</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>avoweisoun</ets>, OF. <ets>avo\'89son</ets>, fr. L. <ets>advocatio</ets>. Cf. <er>Advocation</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The right of presenting to a vacant benefice or living in the church. [Originally, the relation of a patron (<i>advocatus</i>) or protector of a benefice, and thus privileged to nominate or present to it.]</def>

<note>&hand; The benefices of the Church of England are in every case subjects of presentation. They are nearly 12,000 in number; the <i>advowson</i> of more than half of them belongs to private persons, and of the remainder to the crown, bishops, deans and chapters, universities, and colleges.</note>

<i>Amer. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Advoyer</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*voy"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Avoyer</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Adward</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad*ward"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Award.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Adynamia</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad`y*na"mi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>adynamia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ want of strength; <?/ priv + <?/ power, strength.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Considerable debility of the vital powers, as in typhoid fever.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Adynamic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad`y*nam"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>adynamique</ets>. See <er>Adynamy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, debility of the vital powers; weak.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Characterized by the absence of power or force.</def>

<cs><col>Adynamic fevers</col>, <cd>malignant or putrid fevers attended with great muscular debility.</cd></cs>

<h1>Adynamy</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>A*dyn"a*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adynamia.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Morin.</i>

<h1>Adytum</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Ad"y*tum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><plu> <plw>Adyta</plw> (#)</plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, n., fr. <?/, a., not to be entered; <?/ priv. + <?/ to enter.]</ety> <def>The innermost sanctuary or shrine in ancient temples, whence oracles were given. Hence: A private chamber; a sanctum.</def>

<h1>Adz, Adze</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw><hw>Adz</hw>, <hw>Adze</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>adese</ets>, <ets>adis</ets>, <ets>adse</ets>, AS. <ets>adesa</ets>, <ets>adese</ets>, ax, hatchet.]</ety> <def>A carpenter's or cooper's tool, formed with a thin arching blade set at right angles to the handle. It is used for chipping or slicing away the surface of wood.</def>

<h1>Adz</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>Adz</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cut with an adz.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<mhw><h1>\'92 or Ae</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92</hw> or <hw>Ae</hw></mhw>. <def>A diphthong in the Latin language; used also by the Saxon writers. It answers to the Gr. <?/. The Anglo-Saxon short <i>\'91</i> was generally replaced by <i>a</i>, the long <?/ by <i>e</i> or <i>ee</i>. In derivatives from Latin words with <i>ae</i>, it is mostly superseded by <i>e</i>. For most words found with this initial combination, the reader will therefore search under the letter E.</def>

<h1>\'92cidium</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92*cid"i*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>\'92cidia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of Gr. <?/ injury.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A form of fruit in the cycle of development of the Rusts or Brands, an order of fungi, formerly considered independent plants.</def>

<h1>\'92dile</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92"dile</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aedilis</ets>, fr. <ets>aedes</ets> temple, public building. Cf. <er>Edify</er>.]</ety> <def>A magistrate in ancient Rome, who had the superintendence of public buildings, highways, shows, etc.; hence, a municipal officer.</def>

<h1>\'92dileship</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92"dile*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of an \'91dile.</def>

<i>T. Arnold.</i>

<h1>\'92gean</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92*ge"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aegeus</ets>; Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the sea, or arm of the Mediterranean sea, east of Greece. See <er>Archipelago</er>.</def>

<h1>\'92gicrania</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92`gi*cra"ni*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, goat + <?/, n. pl., heads.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Sculptured ornaments, used in classical architecture, representing rams' heads or skulls.</def>

<h1>\'92gilops</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92g"i*lops</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aegilopis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, gen. <?/, goat + <?/ eye.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An ulcer or fistula in the inner corner of the eye.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The great wild-oat grass or other cornfield weed.</def> <i>Crabb</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of plants, called also <altname>hardgrass</altname>.</def>

<h1>\'92gis</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92"gis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aegis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a goat skin, a shield, <?/ goat, or fr. <?/ to rush.]</ety> <def>A shield or protective armor; -- applied in mythology to the shield of Jupiter which he gave to Minerva. Also fig.: A shield; a protection.</def>

<h1>\'92gophony</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92*goph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Egophony</er>.</def>

<h1>\'92grotat</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92*gro"tat</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., he is sick.]</ety> <fld>(Camb. Univ.)</fld> <def>A medical certificate that a student is ill.</def>

<h1>\'92neid</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92*ne"id</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aeneis</ets>, <ets>Aeneidis</ets>, or <ets>-dos</ets>: cf. F. <ets><?/n\'82de</ets>.]</ety> <def>The great epic poem of Virgil, of which the hero is \'92neas.</def>

<h1>A\'89neous</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>A*\'89"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>a\'89neus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Colored like bronze.</def>

<h1>\'92olian</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and <ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>, <ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>>

<hw>\'92*o"li*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aeolius</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to \'92olia or \'92olis, in Asia Minor, colonized by the Greeks, or to its inhabitants; \'91olic; <as>as, the <ex>\'92olian</ex> dialect</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to \'92olus, the mythic god of the winds; pertaining to, or produced by, the wind; a\'89rial.</def>

<blockquote>Viewless forms the <b>\'91olian</b> organ play.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the <hr>
<page="27">
Page 27<p> volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>

<h1>\'92olic</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92*ol"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aeolicus</ets>; Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>\'92olian, 1; <as>as, the <ex>\'92olic</ex> dialect; the <ex>\'92olic</ex> mode.</as></def>

<h1>\'92olipile, \'92olipyle</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw><hw>\'92*ol"i*pile</hw>, <hw>\'92*ol"i*pyle</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aeolipilae</ets>; <ets>Aeolus</ets> god of the winds + <ets>pila</ets> a ball, or Gr. <?/ gate (<ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., doorway of \'92olus); cf. F. <ets>\'82olipyle</ets>.]</ety> <def>An apparatus consisting chiefly of a closed vessel (as a globe or cylinder) with one or more projecting bent tubes, through which steam is made to pass from the vessel, causing it to revolve.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>eolipile</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; Such an apparatus was first described by Hero of Alexandria about 200 years <sc>b. c.</sc> It has often been called the first steam engine.</note>

<h1>\'92olotropic</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92`o*lo*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ changeful + <?/ a turning, <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Exhibiting differences of quality or property in different directions; not isotropic.</def>

<i>Sir W. Thomson.</i>

<h1>\'92olotropy</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92`o*lot"ro*py</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Difference of quality or property in different directions.</def>

<h1>\'92olus</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92"o*lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. & Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>The god of the winds.</def>

<h1>\'92on</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92"on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A period of immeasurable duration; also, an emanation of the Deity. See <er>Eon</er>.</def>

<h1>\'92onian</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92*o"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Eternal; everlasting.</def> "<i>\'92onian</i> hills."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>\'92pyornis</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92`py*or"nis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ high + <?/ bird.]</ety> <def>A gigantic bird found fossil in Madagascar.</def>

<h1>A\'89rate</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>A<?/rated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>A<?/rating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>a\'82rer</ets>. See <er>Air</er>,<tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To combine or charge with gas; usually with carbonic acid gas, formerly called <i>fixed air</i>.</def>

<blockquote>His sparkling sallies bubbled up as from <b>a\'89rated</b> natural fountains.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To supply or impregnate with common air; <as>as, to <ex>a\'89rate</ex> soil; to <ex>a\'89rate</ex> water.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To expose to the chemical action of air; to oxygenate (the blood) by respiration; to arterialize.</def>

<cs><col>A\'89rated bread</col>, <cd>bread raised by charging dough with carbonic acid gas, instead of generating the gas in the dough by fermentation.</cd></cs>

<h1>A\'89ration</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>a\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exposure to the free action of the air; airing; <as>as, <ex>a\'89ration</ex> of soil, of spawn, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A change produced in the blood by exposure to the air in respiration; oxygenation of the blood in respiration; arterialization.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act or preparation of charging with carbonic acid gas or with oxygen.</def>

<h1>A\'89rator</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which supplies with air; esp. an apparatus used for charging mineral waters with gas and in making soda water.</def>

<h1>A\'89rial</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A*\'89"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>a\'89rius</ets>. See <er>Air</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the air, or atmosphere; inhabiting or frequenting the air; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air; <as>as, <ex>a\'89rial</ex> regions or currents</as>.</def> "<i>A\'89rial</i> spirits." <i>Milton</i>. "<i>A\'89rial</i> voyages." <i>Darwin</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of air; resembling, or partaking of the nature of air. Hence: Unsubstantial; unreal.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Rising aloft in air; high; lofty; <as>as, <ex>a\'89rial</ex> spires</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Growing, forming, or existing in the air, as opposed to growing or existing in earth or water, or underground; <as>as, <ex>a\'89rial</ex> rootlets, <ex>a\'89rial</ex> plants</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Light as air; ethereal.</def>

<cs><col>A\'89rial acid</col>, <cd>carbonic acid. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Ure<i>.</cd> -- <col>A\'89rial perspective</col>. <cd>See <er>Perspective</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>A\'89riality</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A*\'89`ri*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a\'89rial; <?/nsubstantiality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>A\'89rially</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A*\'89"ri*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Like, or from, the air; in an a\'89rial manner.</def> "A murmur heard <i>a\'89rially</i>."

<i> Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Aerie</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Ae"rie</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aire</ets>, <ets>eire</ets>, <ets>air</ets>, nest, also origin, descent, OF. <ets>aire</ets>, LL. <ets>area</ets>, <ets>aera</ets>, nest of a bird of prey, perh. fr. L. <ets>area</ets> an open space (for birds of prey like to build their nests on flat and open spaces on the top of high rocks). Cf. <er>Area</er>.]</ety> <def>The nest of a bird of prey, as of an eagle or hawk; also a brood of such birds; eyrie. <i>Shak</i>. Also fig.: A human residence or resting place perched like an eagle's nest.</def>

<h1>A\'89riferous</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>a\'89r</ets> air + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>a\'82rif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Conveying or containing air; air-bearing; <as>as, the windpipe is an <ex>a\'89riferous</ex> tube</as>.</def>

<h1>A\'89rification</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>a\'82rification</ets>. See <er>A<?/rify</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of combining air with another substance, or the state of being filled with air.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of becoming a\'89rified, or of changing from a solid or liquid form into an a\'89riform state; the state of being a\'89riform.</def>

<h1>A\'89riform</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*i*form</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>a\'89r</ets> air + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>a\'82riforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form or nature of air, or of an elastic fluid; gaseous. Hence fig.: Unreal.</def>

<h1>A\'89rify</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*i*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>a\'89r</ets> air + <ets>-fly</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To infuse air into; to combine air with.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To change into an a\'89riform state.</def>

<h1>A\'89ro-</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o-</hw>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, air.]</ety> <def>The combining form of the Greek word meaning <i>air</i>.</def>

<h1>A\'89robies</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*bies</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ life.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Micro\'94rganisms which live in contact with the air and need oxygen for their growth; as the microbacteria which form on the surface of putrefactive fluids.</def>

<h1>A\'89robiotic</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*o*bi*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(?; 101)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Related to, or of the nature of, a\'89robies; <as>as, <ex>a\'89robiotic</ex> plants, which live only when supplied with free oxygen</as>.</def>

<h1>A\'89rcyst</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*cyst</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>cyst</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the air cells of algals.</def>

<h1>A\'89rodynamic</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*dy*nam"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the force of air in motion.</def>

<h1>A\'89rodynamics</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*o*dy*nam"ics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>dynamics</ets>: cf. F. <ets>a\'82rodynamique</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the air and other gaseous bodies under the action of force, and of their mechanical effects.</def>

<h1>A\'89rognosy</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*og"no*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ knowing, knowledge: cf. F. <ets>a\'82rognosie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the properties of the air, and of the part it plays in nature.</def>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>A\'89rographer</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in a\'89ography: an a\'89rologist.</def>

<h1>A\'89rographic, A\'89rographical</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw><hw>A`\'89r*o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A`\'89r*o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a\'89rography; a\'89rological.</def>

<h1>A\'89rography</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>a\'82rographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of the air or atmosphere; a\'89rology.</def>

<h1>A\'89rohydrodynamic</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*o*hy`dro*dy*nam"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>hydrodynamic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Acting by the force of air and water; <as>as, an <ex>a\'89rohydrodynamic</ex> wheel</as>.</def>

<h1>A\'89rolite</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>a\'82rolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>A stone, or metallic mass, which has fallen to the earth from distant space; a meteorite; a meteoric stone.</def>

<note>&hand; Some writers limit the word to <i>stony</i> meteorites.</note>

<h1>A\'89rolith</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*lith</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>A<?/rolite</er>.</def>

<h1>A\'89rolithology</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*o*li*thol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>lithology</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of a\'89rolites.</def>

<h1>A\'89rolitic</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*o*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a\'89rolites; meteoric; <as>as, <ex>a\'89rolitic</ex> iron</as>.</def>

<i>Booth.</i>

<h1>A\'89rologic, A\'89rological</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw><hw>A`\'89r*o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A`\'89r*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a\'89rology.</def>

<h1>A\'89rologist</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in a\'89rology.</def>

<h1>A\'89rology</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>a\'82rologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>That department of physics which treats of the atmosphere.</def>

<h1>A\'89romancy</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>a\'82romancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination from the state of the air or from atmospheric substances; also, forecasting changes in the weather.</def>

<h1>A\'89rometer</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82rom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for ascertaining the weight or density of air and gases.</def>

<h1>A\'89rometric</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a\'89rometry; <as>as, <ex>a\'89rometric</ex> investigations</as>.</def>

<h1>A\'89rometry</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*om"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>-metry</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82rom\'82trie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of measuring the air, including the doctrine of its pressure, elasticity, rarefaction, and condensation; pneumatics.</def>

<h1>A\'89ronaut</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*naut</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>a\'82ronaute</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ air + <?/ sailor. See <er>Nautical</er>.]</ety> <def>An a\'89rial navigator; a balloonist.</def>

<h1>A\'89ronautic, A\'89ronautical</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw><hw>A`\'89r*o*naut"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A`\'89r*o*naut"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>a\'82ronauitique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a\'89ronautics, or a\'89rial sailing.</def>

<h1>A\'89ronautics</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*o*naut"ics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science or art of ascending and sailing in the air, as by means of a balloon; a\'89rial navigation; ballooning.</def>

<h1>A\'89rophobia, A\'89rophoby</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw><hw>A`\'89r*o*pho"bi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A`\'89r*oph"o*by</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fear: cf. F. <ets>a\'82rophobie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Dread of a current of air.</def>

<h1>A\'89rophyte</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*phyte</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ plant, <?/ to grow: cf. F. <ets>a\'82rophyte</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant growing entirely in the air, and receiving its nourishment from it; an air plant or epiphyte.</def>

<h1>A\'89roplane</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*plane`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>plane</ets>.]</ety> <def>A flying machine, or a small plane for experiments on flying, which floats in the air only when propelled through it.</def>

<h1>A\'89roscope</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*scope</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to look out.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An apparatus designed for collecting spores, germs, bacteria, etc., suspended in the air.</def>

<h1>A\'89roscopy</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*os"co*py</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a looking out; <?/ to spy out.]</ety> <def>The observation of the state and variations of the atmosphere.</def>

<h1>\'92rose</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92*rose"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aerosus</ets>, fr. <ets>aes</ets>, <ets>aeris</ets>, brass, copper.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of, or like, copper; brassy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>A\'89rosiderite</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*o*sid"er*ite</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>siderite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>A mass of meteoric iron.</def>

<h1>A\'89rosphere</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*sphere</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>sphere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>a\'82rosph\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>The atmosphere.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>A\'89rostat</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*o*stat</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>a\'82rostat</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ air + <?/ placed. See <er>Statics</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A balloon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A balloonist; an a\'89ronaut.</def>

<h1>A\'89rostatic </, A\'89rostatical</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw><hw>A`\'89r*o*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <hw>A`\'89r*o*stat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>a\'82rostatique</ets>. See <er>Statical</er>, <er>Statics</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a\'89rostatics; pneumatic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A\'89ronautic; <as>as, an <ex>a\'89rostatic</ex> voyage</as>.</def>

<h1>A\'89rostatics</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*o*stat"ics</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science that treats of the equilibrium of elastic fluids, or that of bodies sustained in them. Hence it includes a\'89ronautics.</def>

<h1>A\'89rostation</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89r*os*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>a\'82rostation</ets> the art of using <ets>a\'89rostats</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A\'89rial navigation; the art of raising and guiding balloons in the air.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The science of weighing air; a\'89rostatics.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>\'92ruginous</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92*ru"gi*nous</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aeruginosus</ets>, fr. <ets>aerugo</ets> rust of copper, fr. <ets>aes</ets> copper: cf. F. <ets>\'82rugineux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature or color of verdigris, or the rust of copper.</def>

<h1>\'92rugo</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92*ru"go</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aes</ets> brass, copper.]</ety> <def>The rust of any metal, esp. of brass or copper; verdigris.</def>

<h1>Aery</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Ae"ry</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An aerie.</def>

<h1>A\'89ry</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"\'89r*y</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Air</er>.]</ety> <def>A\'89rial; ethereal; incorporeal; visionary.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>M. Arnold</i>.

<h1>\'92sculapian</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s`cu*la"pi*an</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to \'92sculapius or to the healing art; medical; medicinal.</def>

<h1>\'92sculapius</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s`cu*la"pi*us</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aesculapius</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>The god of medicine. Hence, a physician.</def>

<h1>\'92sculin</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s"cu*lin</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Esculin</er>.</def>

<h1>\'92sopian, Esopian</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92*so"pi*an</hw>, <hw>E*so"pi*an</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aesopius</ets>, from Gr. <?/, fr. the famous Greek fabulist \'92sop <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to \'92sop, or in his manner.</def>

<mhw><h1>\'92sopic, Esopic</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92*sop"ic</hw>, <hw>E*sop"ic</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aesopicus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>\'92sopian</er>.</def>

<h1>\'92sthesia</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s*the"si*a</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sensation, fr. <?/ to perceive.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Perception by the senses; feeling; -- the opposite of <i>an\'91sthesia</i>.</def>

<mhw><h1>\'92sthesiometer, Esthesiometer</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s*the`si*om"e*ter</hw>, <hw>Es*the`si*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ (see <er>\'92sthesia</er>) + \'cf<ets>meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument to measure the degree of sensation, by determining at how short a distance two impressions upon the skin can be distinguished, and thus to determine whether the condition of tactile sensibility is normal or altered.</def>

<h1>\'92sthesis</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s*the""sis</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Sensuous perception.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ruskin</i>.

<h1>\'92sthesodic</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s`the*sod"ic</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sensation + <?/ a way; cf. F. <ets>esth\'82sodique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Conveying sensory or afferent impulses; \'d0 said of nerves.</def>

<h1>\'92sthete</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s"thete</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ one who perceives.]</ety> <def>One who makes much or overmuch of \'91sthetics.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<h1>\'92sthetic </, \'92sthetical</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw><hw>\'92s*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <hw>\'92s*thet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or Pertaining to \'91sthetics; versed in \'91sthetics; <as>as, <ex>\'91sthetic</ex> studies, emotions, ideas, persons, etc.</as>

-- <wordforms><wf>\'92s*thet"ic*al*ly, <tt>adv.</tt></def></def>

<h1>\'92sthetican</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s`the*ti"can</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in \'91sthetics.</def>

<h1>\'92stheticism</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s*thet"i*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine of \'91sthetics; \'91sthetic principles; devotion to the beautiful in nature and art.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<mhw><h1>\'92sthetics, Esthetics</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s*thet"ics</hw>, <hw>Es*thet"ics</hw> <tt>(<?/; 277)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ perceptive, esp. by feeling, fr. <?/ to perceive, feel: cf. G. <ets>\'84sthetik</ets>, F. <ets>esth\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <def>The theory or philosophy of taste; the science of the beautiful in nature and art; esp. that which treats of the expression and embodiment of beauty by art.</def>

<h1>\'92stho-physiology</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s`tho-phys`i*ol"o*gy</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to perceive + E. <ets>physiology</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of sensation in relation to nervous action.</def>

<i>H. Spenser.</i>

<h1>\'92stival</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s"ti*val</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aestivalis</ets>, <ets>aestivus</ets>, fr. <ets>aestas</ets> summer.]</ety> <def>Of or belonging to the summer; <as>as, <ex>\'91stival</ex> diseases</as>.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>estival</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>\'92stivate</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s"ti*vate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aestivare</ets>, <ets>aestivatum</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To spend the summer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>To pass the summer in a state of torpor.</def>

<altsp>[Spelt also <asp>estivate</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>\'92stivation</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s`ti*va"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The state of torpidity induced by the heat and dryness of summer, as in certain snails; -- opposed to <i>hibernation</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The arrangement of the petals in a flower bud, as to folding, overlapping, etc.; prefloration.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<altsp>[Spelt also <asp>estivation</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>\'92stuary</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s"tu*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <def>See <er>Estuary</er>.</def>

<h1>\'92stuous</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92s"tu*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aestuosus</ets>, fr. <ets>aestus</ets> fire, glow.]</ety> <def>Glowing; agitated, as with heat.</def>

<h1>A\'89theogamous</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A*\'89`the*og"a*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unusual (<?/ priv. + <?/ custom) + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Propagated in an unusual way; cryptogamous.</def>

<h1>\'92ther</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92"ther</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ether</er>.</def>

<h1>\'92thiops mineral</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92"thi*ops min"er*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>.  <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Ethiops mineral</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>\'92thogen</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92th"o*gen</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fire, light + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of nitrogen and boro<?/, which, when heated before the blowpipe, gives a brilliant phosphorescent; boric nitride.</def>

<h1>\'92thrioscope</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92"thri*o*scope</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ clear + <?/ to observe.]</ety> <def>An instrument consisting in part of a differential thermometer. It is used for measuring changes of temperature produced by different conditions of the sky, as when clear or clouded.</def>

<h1>\'92tiological</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92`ti*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to \'91tiology; assigning a cause.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>\'92`ti*o*log"ic*al*ly, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>\'92tiology</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>\'92`ti*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aetologia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ cause + <?/ description: cf. F. <ets>\'82tiologie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science, doctrine, or demonstration of causes; esp., the investigation of the causes of any disease; the science of the origin and development of things.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The assignment of a cause.</def>

<h1>A\'89tites</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A`\'89*ti"tes</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/) stone, fr. <?/ eagle.]</ety> <def>See <er>Eaglestone</er>.</def>

<h1>Afar</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A*far"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets>.(for <ets>on</ets> or <ets>of</ets>) + <ets>far</ets>.]</ety> <def>At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with <i>from</i> preceding, or <i>off</i> following; <as>as, he was seen from <ex>afar</ex>; I saw him <ex>afar</ex> off.</as></def>

<blockquote>The steep where Fame's proud temple shines <b>afar</b>.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Afeard</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A*feard"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>afered</ets>, AS. <ets>\'bef<?/red</ets>, p. p. of <ets>\'bef<?/ran</ets> to frighten; <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, Ger. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>f</ets><?/<ets>ran</ets> to frighten. See <er>Fear</er>.]</ety> <def>Afraid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Be not <b>afeard</b>; the isle is full of noises.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Afer</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>A"fer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>The southwest wind.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Affability</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Af`fa*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affabilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>affabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being affable; readiness to converse; courteousness in receiving others and in conversation; complaisant behavior.</def>

<blockquote><b>Affability</b> is of a wonderful efficacy or power in procuring love.
<i>Elyot</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affable</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Af"fa*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>affable</ets>, L. <ets>affabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>affari</ets> to speak to; <ets>ad + fari</ets> to speak. See <er>Fable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Easy to be spoken to or addressed; receiving others kindly and conversing with them in a free and friendly manner; courteous; sociable.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>affable</b> and courteous gentleman.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His manners polite and <b>affable</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gracious; mild; benign.</def>

<blockquote>A serene and <b>affable</b> countenance.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Courteous; civil; complaisant; accessible; mild; benign; condescending.</syn>

<h1>Affableness</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Af"fa*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Affability.</def>

<h1>Affably</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Af"fa*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an affable manner; courteously.</def>

<hr>
<page="28">
Page 28<p>

<h1>Affabrous</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af"fa*brous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affaber</ets> workmanlike; <ets>ad + faber</ets>.]</ety> <def>Executed in a workmanlike manner; ingeniously made.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Affair</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fair"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>afere</ets>, <ets>affere</ets>, OF. <ets>afaire</ets>, F. <ets>affaire</ets>, fr. <ets>a faire</ets> to do; L.. <ets>ad + facere</ets> to do. See <er>Fact</er>, and cf. <er>Ado</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is done or is to be done; matter; concern; <as>as, a difficult <ex>affair</ex> to manage; business of any kind, commercial, professional, or public; -- often in the plural. "At the head of <ex>affairs</ex>." <i>Junius</i>.</as></def> "A talent for <i>affairs</i>." <i>Prescott</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any proceeding or action which it is wished to refer to or characterize vaguely; <as>as, an <ex>affair</ex> of honor, <it>i. e.</it>, a duel; an <i>affair</i> of love, <it>i. e.</it>, an intrigue.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An action or engagement not of sufficient magnitude to be called a battle.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Action; endeavor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And with his best <b>affair</b>
Obeyed the pleasure of the Sun.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A material object (vaguely designated).</def>

<blockquote>A certain <b>affair</b> of fine red cloth much worn and faded.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affamish</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fam"ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>affamer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + fames</ets> hunger. See <er>Famish</er>.]</ety> <def>To afflict with, or perish from, hunger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Affamishment</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fam"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Starvation.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Affatuate</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fat"u*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad + fatuus</ets> foolish.]</ety> <def>To infatuate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Affear</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fear"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aferen</ets>, AS. <ets>\'bef<?/ran</ets>. See <er>Afeard</er>.]</ety> <def>To frighten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Affect</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fect"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Affected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Affecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>affectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>afficere</ets> to affect by active agency; <ets>ad + facere</ets> to make: cf. F. <ets>affectere</ets>, L. <ets>affectare</ets>, freq. of <ets>afficere</ets>. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To act upon; to produce an effect or change upon.</def>

<blockquote>As might <b>affect</b> the earth with cold heat.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The climate <b>affected</b> their health and spirits.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To influence or move, as the feelings or passions; to touch.</def>

<blockquote>A consideration of the rationale of our passions seems to me very necessary for all who would <b>affect</b> them upon solid and pure principles.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To love; to regard with affection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>As for Queen Katharine, he rather respected than <b>affected</b>, rather honored than loved, her.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To show a fondness for; to like to use or practice; to choose; hence, to frequent habitually.</def>

<blockquote>For he does neither <b>affect</b> company, nor is he fit for <?/t, indeed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Do not <b>affect</b> the society of your inferiors in rank, nor court that of the great.

<i>Hazlitt.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To dispose or incline.</def>

<blockquote>Men whom they thought best <b>affected</b> to religion and their country's liberty.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To aim at; to aspire; to covet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This proud man <b>affects</b> imperial <?/way.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To tend to by affinity or disposition.</def>

<blockquote>The drops of every fluid <b>affect</b> a round figure.
<i>Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b>  <def>To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to feign; to assume; <as>as, to <ex>affect</ex> ignorance</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Careless she is with artful care,
<b>Affecting</b> to seem unaffected.
<i>Congreve.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou dost <b>affect</b> my manners.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To assign; to appoint.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>One of the domestics was <b>affected</b> to his special service.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To influence; operate; act on; concern; move; melt; soften; subdue; overcome; pretend; assume.</syn>

<h1>Affect</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fect"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affectus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affection; inclination; passion; feeling; disposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Affectation</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af`fec*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affectatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>affectation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An attempt to assume or exhibit what is not natural or real; false display; artificial show.</def> "An <i>affectation</i> of contempt."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote><b>Affectation</b> is an awkward and forced imitation of what should be genuine and easy, wanting the beauty that accompanies what is natural what is natural.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A striving after.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fondness; affection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Affectationist</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af`fec*ta"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who exhibits affectation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i>

<h1>Affected</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fect"ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Regarded with affection; beloved.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His <b>affected</b> Hercules.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inclined; disposed; attached.</def>

<blockquote>How stand you <b>affected</b> his wish?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Given to false show; assuming or pretending to posses what is not natural or real.</def>

<blockquote>He is . . . too spruce, too <b>affected</b>, too odd.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Assumed artificially; not natural.</def>

<blockquote><b>Affected</b> coldness and indifference.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>Made up of terms involving different powers of the unknown quantity; adfected; <as>as, an <ex>affected</ex> equation</as>.</def>

<h1>Affectedly</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fect"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an affected manner; hypocritically; with more show than reality.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lovingly; with tender care.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Affectedness</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fect"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Affectation.</def>

<h1>Affecter</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fect"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who affects, assumes, pretends, or strives after.</def> "<i>Affecters</i> of wit."

<i>Abp. Secker.</i>

<h1>Affectibility</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fect`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being affectible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Affectibl</</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fect"i*bl<?/</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be affected.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lay aside the absolute, and, by union with the creaturely, become <b>affectible</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affecting</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fect"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Moving the emotions; fitted to excite the emotions; pathetic; touching; <as>as, an <ex>affecting</ex> address; an <ex>affecting</ex> sight.</as></def>

<blockquote>The most <b>affecting</b> music is generally the most simple.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affected; given to false show.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A drawling; <b>affecting</b> rouge.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affectingly</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fect"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an affecting manner; is a manner to excite emotions.</def>

<h1>Affection</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fec"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>affection</ets>, L. <ets>affectio</ets>, fr. <ets>afficere</ets>. See <er>Affect</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of affecting or acting upon; the state of being affected.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An attribute; a quality or property; a condition; a bodily state; <as>as, figure, weight, etc.</as> , are <i>affections</i> of bodies.</def> "The <i>affections</i> of quantity."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<blockquote>And, truly, waking dreams were, more or less,
An old and strange <b>affection</b> of the house.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Bent of mind; a feeling or natural impulse or natural impulse acting upon and swaying the mind; any emotion; <as>as, the benevolent <ex>affections</ex>, esteem, gratitude, etc.</as> ; the malevolent <i>affections</i>, hatred, envy, etc.; inclination; disposition; propensity; tendency.</def>

<blockquote><b>Affection</b> is applicable to an unpleasant as well as a pleasant state of the mind, when impressed by any object or quality.
<i>Cogan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A settled good will; kind feeling; love; zealous or tender attachment; -- often in the <pluf>pl.</pluf> Formerly followed by <i>to</i>, but now more generally by <i>for</i> or <i>towards</i>; <as>as, filial, social, or conjugal <ex>affections</ex>; to have an <ex>affection</ex> for or towards children.</as></def>

<blockquote>All his <b>affections</b> are set on his own country.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> Prejudice; bias.<pluf> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Aylmer.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Disease; morbid symptom; malady; <as>as, a pulmonary <ex>affection</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The lively representation of any emotion.</def>

<i>Wotton.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Affectation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Spruce <i>affection."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Passion; violent emotion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Most wretched man,
That to <b>affections</b> does the bridle lend.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Attachment; passion; tenderness; fondness; kindness; love; good will. See <er>Attachment</er>; <er>Disease</er>.</syn>

<h1>Affectional</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fec"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the affections; <as>as, <ex>affectional</ex> impulses; an <ex>affectional</ex> nature.</as></def>

<h1>Affectionate</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fec"tion*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>affectionn\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having affection or warm regard; loving; fond; <as>as, an <ex>affectionate</ex> brother</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Kindly inclined; zealous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johson.</i>

<blockquote>Man, in his love God, and desire to please him, can never be too <b>affectionate</b>.
<i>Sprat.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Proceeding from affection; indicating love; tender; <as>as, the <ex>affectionate</ex> care of a parent; <ex>affectionate</ex> countenance, message, language.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Strongly inclined; -- with <i>to</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Tender; attached; loving; devoted; warm; fond; earnest; ardent.</syn>

<h1>Affectionated</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fec"tion*a`ted</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disposed; inclined.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Affectionated</b> to the people.
<i>Holinshed.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affectionately</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fec"tion*ate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With affection; lovingly; fondly; tenderly; kindly.</def>

<h1>Affectionateness</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fec"tion*ate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being affectionate; fondness; affection.</def>

<h1>Affectioned</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fec"tioned</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Disposed.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Be kindly <b>affectioned</b> one to another.
<i>Rom. xii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affected; conceited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Affective</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fec"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>affectif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tending to affect; affecting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burnet.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to or exciting emotion; affectional; emotional.</def>

<i>Rogers.</i>

<h1>Affectively</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fec"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an affective manner; impressively; emotionally.</def>

<h1>Affectuous</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fec"tu*ous</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affectuous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>affectueux</ets>. See <er>Affect</er>.]</ety> <def>Full of passion or emotion; earnest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Af*fec"tu*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Fabyan.</i>

<h1>Affeer</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*feer"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aforer</ets>, <ets>afeurer</ets>, to tax, appraise, assess, fr. L. <ets>ad + forum</ets> market, court of justice, in LL. also meaning <ets>pri<?/<?/</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To confirm; to assure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The title is <i>affeered</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>To assess or reduce, as an arbitrary penalty or amercement, to a certain and reasonable sum.</def>

<blockquote>Amercements . . . were <b>affeered</b> by the judges.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affeerer, Affeeror</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw><hw>Af*feer"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Af*feer"or</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aforeur</ets>, LL. <ets>afforator</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>One who affeers.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Affeerment</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*feer"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>aforement</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>The act of affeering.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Afferent</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af"fer*ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>afferens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>afferre</ets>; <ets>ad + ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Bearing or conducting inwards to a part or organ; -- opposed to <i>efferent</i>; <as>as, <ex>afferent</ex> vessels; <ex>afferent</ex> nerves, which convey sensations from the external organs to the brain.</as></def>

<h1>Affettuoso</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fet`tu*o"so</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>With feeling.</def>

<h1>Affiance</h1>
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<hw>Af*fi"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>afiaunce</ets> trust, confidence, OF. <ets>afiance</ets>, fr. <ets>afier</ets> to trust, fr. LL. <ets>affidare</ets> to trust; <ets>ad + fidare</ets> to trust, fr. L. <ets>fides</ets> faith. See <er>Faith</er>, and cf. <er>Affidavit</er>, <er>Affy</er>, <er>Confidence</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Plighted faith; marriage contract or promise.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Trust; reliance; faith; confidence.</def>

<blockquote>Such feelings promptly yielded to his habitual <b>affiance</b> in the divine love.
<i>Sir J. Stephen.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lancelot, my Lancelot, thou in whom I have
Most joy and most <b>affiance</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affiance</h1>
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<hw>Af*fi"ance</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. <?/ p. p.</tt> <er>Affianced</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. <?/ vb. n.</tt> <er>Affiancing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>afiancier</ets>, fr. <ets>afiance</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To betroth; to pledge one's faith to for marriage, or solemnly promise (one's self or another) in marriage.</def>

<blockquote>To me, sad maid, he was <b>affianced</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To assure by promise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Affiancer</h1>
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<hw>Af*fi"an*cer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes a contract of marriage between two persons.</def>

<h1>Affiant</h1>
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<hw>Af*fi"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From p. pr. of OF. <ets>afier</ets>, LL. <ets>affidare</ets>. See <er>Affidavit</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who makes an affidavit.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Deponent. See <er>Deponent</er>.</syn>

<h1>Affidavit</h1>
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<hw>Af`fi*da"vit</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>affidavit</ets> he has made oath, perfect tense of <ets>affidare</ets>. See <er>Affiance</er>, <er>Affy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A sworn statement in writing; a declaration in writing, signed and made upon oath before an authorized magistrate.</def>

<i>Bouvier. Burrill.</i>

<note>&hand; It is always made <i>ex parte</i>, and without cross-examination, and in this differs from a <i>deposition</i>. It is also applied to written statements made on affirmation.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Deposition. See <er>Deposition</er>.</syn>

<h1>Affile</h1>
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<hw>Af*file"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>afiler</ets>, F. <ets>affiler</ets>, to sharpen; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>fil</ets> thread, edge.]</ety> <def>To polish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Affiliable</h1>
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<hw>Af*fil"i*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being affiliated to or on, or connected with in origin.</def>

<h1>Affiliate</h1>
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<hw>Af*fil"i*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Affiliated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Affiliating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>adfiliare</ets>, <ets>affiliare</ets>, to adopt as son; <ets>ad + filius</ets> son: cf. F. <ets>affilier</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To adopt; to receive into a family as a son; hence, to bring or receive into close connection; to ally.</def>

<blockquote>Is the soul <b>affiliated</b> to God, or is it estranged and in rebellion?
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fix the paternity of; -- said of an illegitimate child; <as>as, to <ex>affiliate</ex> the child <ex>to</ex> (or <ex>on</ex> or <ex>upon</ex>) one man rather than another</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To connect in the way of descent; to trace origin to.</def>

<blockquote>How do these facts tend to <b>affiliate</b> the faculty of hearing upon the aboriginal vegetative processes?
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To attach (<i>to</i>) or unite (<i>with</i>); to receive into a society as a member, and initiate into its mysteries, plans, etc.; -- followed by <i>to</i> or <i>with</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Affiliated societies</col>, <cd>societies connected with a central society, or with each other.</cd></cs>

<h1>Affiliate</h1>
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<hw>Af*fil"i*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To connect or associate one's self; -- followed by <i>with</i>; <as>as, they <ex>affiliate</ex> with no party</as>.</def>

<h1>Affiliation</h1>
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<hw>Af*fil`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>affiliation</ets>, LL. <ets>affiliatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Adoption; association or reception as a member in or of the same family or society.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The establishment or ascertaining of parentage; the assignment of a child, as a bastard, to its father; filiation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Connection in the way of descent.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Affinal</h1>
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<hw>Af*fi"nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affinis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Related by marriage; from the same source.</def>

<h1>Affine</h1>
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<hw>Af*fine"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>affiner</ets> to refine; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>fin</ets> fine. See <er>Fine</er>.]</ety> <def>To refine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Affined</h1>
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<hw>Af*fined"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>afin\'82</ets> related, p. p., fr. LL. <ets>affinare</ets> to join, fr. L. <ets>affinis</ets> neighboring, related to; <ets>ad + finis</ets> boundary, limit.]</ety> <def>Joined in affinity or by any tie.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "All <i>affined</i> and kin."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Affinitative</h1>
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<hw>Af*fin"i*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of affinity.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Af*fin"i*ta*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Affinitive</h1>
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<hw>Af*fin"i*tive</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Closely connected, as by affinity.</def>

<h1>Affinity</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*fin"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Affinities</plw><tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OF. <ets>afinit\'82</ets>, F. <ets>affinit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>affinites</ets>, fr. <ets>affinis</ets>. See <er>Affined</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Relationship by marriage (as between a husband and his wife's blood relations, or between a wife and her husband's blood relations); -- in contradistinction to <i>consanguinity</i>, or relationship by blood; -- followed by <i>with</i>, <i>to</i>, or <i>between</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Solomon made <b>affinity</b> with Pharaoh.
<i>1 Kings iii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Kinship generally; close agreement; relation; conformity; resemblance; connection; <as>as, the <ex>affinity</ex> of sounds, of colors, or of languages</as>.</def>

<blockquote>There is a close <b>affinity</b> between imposture and credulity.
<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Companionship; acquaintance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>About forty years past, I began a happy <b>affinity</b> with William Cranmer.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>That attraction which takes place, at an insensible distance, between the heterogeneous particles of bodies, and unites them to form chemical compounds; chemism; chemical or elective affinity or attraction.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>A relation between species or highe<?/ groups dependent on resemblance in the whole plan of structure, and indicating community of origin.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Spiritualism)</fld> <def>A superior spiritual relationship or attraction held to exist sometimes between persons, esp. persons of the opposite sex; also, the man or woman who exerts such psychical or spiritual attraction.</def>

<h1>Affirm</h1>
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<hw>Af*firm"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Affirmed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Affirming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>affermen</ets>, OF. <ets>afermer</ets>, F. <ets>affirmer</ets>, <ets>affermir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>affirmare</ets>; <ets>ad + firmare</ets> to make firm, <ets>firmus</ets> firm. See <er>Firm</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> To make firm; to confirm, or ratify; esp. <fld>(Law)</fld>, <def>to assert or confirm, as a judgment, decree, or order, brought before an appelate court for review.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To assert positively; to tell with confidence; to aver; to maintain as true; -- opposed to <i>deny</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Jesus, . . . whom Paul <b>affirmed</b> to be alive.
<i>Acts xxv. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To declare, as a fact, solemnly, under judicial sanction. See <er>Affirmation</er>, <er>4</er>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To assert; aver; declare; asseverate; assure; pronounce; protest; avouch; confirm; establish; ratify.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Affirm</er>, <er>Asseverate</er>, <er>Aver</er>, <er>Protest</er>.  We <i>affirm</i> when we declare a thing as a fact or a proposition. We <i>asseverate</i> it in a peculiarly earnest manner, or with increased positiveness as what can not be disputed. We <i>aver</i> it, or formally declare it to be true, when we have positive knowledge of it. We <i>protest</i> in a more public manner and with the energy of perfect sincerity. People <i>asseverate</i> in order to produce a conviction of their veracity; they <i>aver</i> when they are peculiarly desirous to be believed; they <i>protest</i> when they wish to free themselves from imputations, or to produce a conviction of their innocence.</usage>

<h1>Affirm</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*firm"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To declare or assert positively.</def>

<blockquote>Not that I so <b>affirm</b>, though so it seem
To thee, who hast thy dwelling here on earth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To make a solemn declaration, before an authorized magistrate or tribunal, under the penalties of perjury; to testify by affirmation.</def>

<h1>Affirmable</h1>
<Xpage=28>

<hw>Af*firm"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being affirmed, asserted, or declared; -- followed by <i>of</i>; <as>as, an attribute <ex>affirmable</ex> of every just man</as>.</def>

<h1>Affirmance</h1>
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<hw>Af*firm"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>afermance</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Confirmation; ratification; confirmation of a voidable act.</def>

<blockquote>This statute . . . in <b>affirmance</b> of the common law.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A strong declaration; affirmation.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<hr>
<page="29">
Page 29<p>

<h1>Affirmant</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*firm"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affirmans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Affirm</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who affirms or asserts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who affirms of taking an oath.</def>

<h1>Affirmation</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af`fir*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affirmatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>affirmation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Confirmation of anything established; ratification; <as>as, the <ex>affirmation</ex> of a law</as>.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of affirming or asserting as true; assertion; -- opposed to <i>negation</i> or <i>denial</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is asserted; an assertion; a positive <?/tatement; an averment; <as>as, an <ex>affirmation</ex>, by the vender, of title to property sold, or of its quality</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A solemn declaration made under the penalties of perjury, by persons who conscientiously decline taking an oath, which declaration is in law equivalent to an oath.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Affirmative</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*firm"a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affirmativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>affirmatif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Confirmative; ratifying; <as>as, an act <ex>affirmative</ex> of common law</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That affirms; asserting that the fact is so; declaratory of what exists; answering "yes" to a question; -- opposed to <i>negative</i>; <as>as, an <ex>affirmative</ex> answer; an <ex>affirmative</ex> vote.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Positive; dogmatic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>Lysicles was a little by the <b>affirmative</b> air of Crito.
<i>Berkeley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(logic)</fld> <def>Expressing the agreement of the two terms of a proposition.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>Positive; -- a term applied to quantities which are to be added, and opposed to <i>negative</i>, or such as are to be subtracted.</def>

<h1>Affirmative</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*firm"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which affirms as opposed to that which denies; an affirmative proposition; that side of question which affirms or maintains the proposition stated; -- opposed to <ant>negative</ant>; <as>as, there were forty votes in the <ex>affirmative</ex>, and ten in the <i>negative</i></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whether there are such beings or not, 't is sufficient for my purpose that many have believed the <b>affirmative</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A word or phrase expressing affirmation or assent; <as>as, <ex>yes</ex>, <ex>that is so</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Affirmatively</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*firm"a*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an affirmative manner; on the affirmative side of a question; in the affirmative; -- opposed to <i>negatively</i>.</def>

<h1>Affirmatory</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*firm"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giving affirmation; assertive; affirmative.</def>

<i>Massey.</i>

<h1>Affirmer</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*firm"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who affirms.</def>

<h1>Affix</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fix"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Affixed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Affixing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>affixare</ets>, L. <ets>affixus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>affigere</ets> to fasten to; <ets>ad + figere</ets> to fasten: cf. OE. <ets>affichen</ets>, F. <ets>afficher</ets>, ultimately fr. L. <ets>affigere</ets>. See <er>Fix</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To subjoin, annex, or add at the close or end; to append to; to fix to any part of; <as>as, to <ex>affix</ex> a syllable to a word; to <ex>affix</ex> a seal to an instrument; to <ex>affix</ex> one's name to a writing.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fix or fasten in any way; to attach physically.</def>

<blockquote>Should they [caterpillars] <b>affix</b> them to the leaves of a plant improper for their food.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To attach, unite, or connect with; <as>as, names <ex>affixed</ex> to ideas, or ideas <ex>affixed</ex> to things; to <ex>affix</ex> a stigma to a person; to <ex>affix</ex> ridicule or blame to any one.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To fix or fasten figuratively; -- with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>; <as>as, eyes <ex>affixed</ex> upon the ground</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To attach; subjoin; connect; annex; unite.</syn>

<h1>Affix</h1>
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<hw>Af"fix</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Affixes</plw> (#)</plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>affixus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>affigere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>affixe</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which is affixed; an appendage; esp. one or more letters or syllables added at the end of a word; a suffix; a postfix.</def>

<h1>Affixion</h1>
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<hw>Af*fix"ion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affixio</ets>, fr. <ets>affigere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affixture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Adams.</i>

<h1>Affixture</h1>
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<hw>Af*fix"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of affixing, or the state of being affixed; attachment.</def>

<h1>Afflation</h1>
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<hw>Af*fla"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>afflatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>afflare</ets> to blow or breathe on; <ets>ad + flare</ets> to blow.]</ety> <def>A blowing or breathing on; inspiration.</def>

<h1>Afflatus</h1>
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<hw>Af*fla"tus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>afflare</ets>. See <er>Afflation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A breath or blast of wind.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A divine impartation of knowledge; supernatural impulse; inspiration.</def>

<blockquote>A poet writing against his genius will be like a prophet without his <b>afflatus</b>.
<i>Spence.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Afflict</h1>
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<hw>Af*flict"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Afflicted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Afflicting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>afflictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>affigere</ets> to cast down, deject; <ets>ad + fligere</ets> to strike: cf. OF. <ets>aflit</ets>, <ets>afflict</ets>, p. p. Cf. <er>Flagellate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike or cast down; to overthrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Reassembling our <i>afflicted</i> powers."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inflict some great injury or hurt upon, causing continued pain or mental distress; to trouble grievously; to torment.</def>

<blockquote>They did set over them taskmasters to <b>afflict</b> them with their burdens.
<i>Exod. i. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That which was the worst now least <b>afflicts</b> me.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make low or humble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Men are apt to prefer a prosperous error before an <b>afflicted</b> truth.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To trouble; grieve; pain; distress; harass; torment; wound; hurt.</syn>

<h1>Afflict</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*flict"</hw>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>afflictus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Afflicted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Becon.</i>

<h1>Afflictedness</h1>
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<hw>Af*flict"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being afflicted; affliction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Afflicter</h1>
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<hw>Af*flict"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who afflicts.</def>

<h1>Afflicting</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*flict"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Grievously painful; distressing; afflictive; <as>as, an <ex>afflicting</ex> event</as>. -- Af*flict"ing*ly, <i>adv</i>.</def>

<h1>Affliction</h1>
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<hw>Af*flic"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>affliction</ets>, L. <ets>afflictio</ets>, fr. <ets>affligere</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The cause of continued pain of body or mind, as sickness, losses, etc.; an instance of grievous distress; a pain or grief.</def>

<blockquote>To repay that money will be a biting <b>affliction</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being afflicted; a state of pain, distress, or grief.</def>

<blockquote>Some virtues are seen only in <b>affliction</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Calamity; sorrow; distress; grief; pain; adversity; misery; wretchedness; misfortune; trouble; hardship.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Affliction</er>, <er>Sorrow</er>, <er>Grief</er>, <er>Distress</er>. Affliction and <i>sorrow</i> are terms of wide and general application; <i>grief</i> and <i>distress</i> have reference to particular cases. <i>Affliction</i> is the stronger term. The suffering lies deeper in the soul, and usually arises from some powerful cause, such as the loss of what is most dear -- friends, health, etc. We do not speak of mere sickness or pain as "an affliction," though one who suffers from either is said to be <i>afflicted</i>; but deprivations of every kind, such as deafness, blindness, loss of limbs, etc., are called <i>afflictions</i>, showing that term applies particularly to prolonged sources of suffering. <i>Sorrow</i> and <i>grief</i> are much alike in meaning, but <i>grief</i> is the stronger term of the two, usually denoting poignant mental suffering for some definite cause, as, <i>grief</i> for the death of a dear friend; <i>sorrow</i> is more reflective, and is tinged with regret, as, the misconduct of a child is looked upon with <i>sorrow</i>. <i>Grief</i> is often violent and demonstrative; <i>sorrow</i> deep and brooding. <i>Distress</i> implies extreme suffering, either bodily or mental. In its higher stages, it denotes pain of a restless, agitating kind, and almost always supposes some struggle of mind or body. <i>Affliction</i> is allayed, <i>grief</i> subsides, <i>sorrow</i> is soothed, <i>distress</i> is mitigated.</usage>

<h1>Afflictionless</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*flic"tion*less</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from affliction.</def>

<h1>Afflictive</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*flic"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>afflictif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Giving pain; causing continued or repeated pain or grief; distressing.</def>  "Jove's <i>afflictive</i> hand."

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>Spreads slow disease, and darts <b>afflictive</b> pain.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Afflictively</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*flic"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an afflictive manner.</def>

<h1>Affluence</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af"flu*ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>affluence</ets>, L. <ets>affluentia</ets>, fr. <ets>affluens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>affluere</ets> to flow to; <ets>ad + fluere</ets> to flow. See <er>Flux</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A flowing to or towards; a concourse; an influx.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>affluence</b> of young nobles from hence into Spain.
<i>Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is an unusual <b>affluence</b> of strangers this year.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An abundant supply, as of thought, words, feelings, etc.; profusion; also, abundance of property; wealth.</def>

<blockquote>And old age of elegance, <b>affluence</b>, and ease.
<i>Coldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Abundance; riches; profusion; exuberance; plenty; wealth; opulence.</syn>

<h1>Affluency</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af"flu*en*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Affluence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Affluent</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af"flu*ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>affluent</ets>, L. <ets>affluens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Affluence</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Flowing to; flowing abundantly.</def> "<i>Affluent</i> blood."

<i>Harvey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Abundant; copious; plenteous; hence, wealthy; abounding in goods or riches.</def>

<blockquote>Language . . . <b>affluent</b> in expression.
<i>H. Reed.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Loaded and blest with all the <b>affluent</b> store,
Which human vows at smoking shrines implore.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affluent</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af"flu*ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stream or river flowing into a larger river or into a lake; a tributary stream.</def>

<h1>Affluently</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af"flu*ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Abundantly; copiously.</def>

<h1>Affluentness</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*flu*ent*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Great plenty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Afflux</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af"flux`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affluxum</ets>, p. p. of <ets>affluere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>afflux</ets>. See <er>Affluence</er>.]</ety> <def>A flowing towards; that which flows to; <as>as, an <ex>afflux</ex> of blood to the head</as>.</def>

<h1>Affluxion</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*flux"ion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of flowing towards; afflux.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Affodill</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af"fo*dill</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Asphodel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Afforce</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*force"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>afforcier</ets>, LL. <ets>affortiare</ets>; <ets>ad + fortiare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fortis</ets> strong.]</ety> <def>To re\'89nforce; to strengthen.</def>

<i>Hallam.</i>

<h1>Afforcement</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*force"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fortress; a fortification for defense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A re\'89nforcement; a strengthening.</def>

<i>Hallam.</i>

<h1>Afforciament</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*for"ci*a*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Afforcement</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Afford</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*ford"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Afforded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Affording</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aforthen</ets>, AS. <ets>gefor<?/ian</ets>, <ets>for<?/ian</ets>, to further, accomplish, afford, fr. <ets>for<?/</ets> forth, forward. The prefix <ets>ge-</ets> has no well defined sense. See <er>Forth</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give forth; to supply, yield, or produce as the natural result, fruit, or issue; <as>as, grapes <ex>afford</ex> wine; olives <ex>afford</ex> oil; the earth <ex>affords</ex> fruit; the sea <ex>affords</ex> an abundant supply of fish.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give, grant, or confer, with a remoter reference to its being the natural result; to provide; to furnish; <as>as, a good life <ex>affords</ex> consolation in old age</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His tuneful Muse <b>affords</b> the sweetest numbers.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The quiet lanes . . . <b>afford</b> calmer retreats.
<i>Gilpin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To offer, provide, or supply, as in selling, granting, expending, with profit, or without loss or too great injury; <as>as, A <ex>affords</ex> his goods cheaper than B; a man can <ex>afford</ex> a sum yearly in charity.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To incur, stand, or bear without serious detriment, as an act which might under other circumstances be injurious; -- with an auxiliary, as <i>can</i>, <i>could</i>, <i>might</i>, etc.; to be able or rich enough.</def>

<blockquote>The merchant can <b>afford</b> to trade for smaller profits.
<i>Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He could <b>afford</b> to suffer
With those whom he saw suffer.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affordable</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*ford"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be afforded.</def>

<h1>Affordment</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*ford"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything given as a help; bestowal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Afforest</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*for"est</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>afforestare</ets>; <ets>ad + forestare</ets>. See <er>Forest</er>.]</ety> <def>To convert into a forest; <as>as, to <ex>afforest</ex> a tract of country</as>.</def>

<h1>Afforestation</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*for`es*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of converting into forest or woodland.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Afformative</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*form"a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An affix.</def>

<h1>Affranchise</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fran"chise</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>affranchir</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>franc</ets> free. See <er>Franchise</er> and <er>Frank</er>.]</ety> <def>To make free; to enfranchise.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Affranchisement</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fran"chise*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>affranchissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of making free; enfranchisement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Affrap</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*frap"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>affrappare</ets>, <ets>frappare</ets>, to cut, mince, F. <ets>frapper</ets> to strike. See <er>Frap</er>.]</ety> <def>To strike, or strike down.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Affray</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fray"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Affrayed</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>afraien</ets>, <ets>affraien</ets>, OF. <ets>effreer</ets>, <ets>esfreer</ets>, F. <ets>effrayer</ets>, orig. to disquiet, put out of peace, fr. L. <ets>ex</ets> + OHG. <ets>fridu</ets> peace (akin to E. <ets>free</ets>). Cf. <er>Afraid</er>, <er>Fray</er>, <er>Frith</er> inclosure.]</ety> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To startle from quiet; to alarm.</def>

<blockquote>Smale foules a great heap
That had <b>afrayed</b> [affrayed] me out of my sleep.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To frighten; to scare; to frighten away.</def>

<blockquote>That voice doth us <b>affray</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affray</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fray"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>afrai</ets>, <ets>affrai</ets>, OF. <ets>esfrei</ets>, F. <ets>effroi</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>esfreer</ets>. See <er>Affray</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of suddenly disturbing any one; an assault or attack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Alarm; terror; fright.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A tumultuous assault or quarrel; a brawl; a fray.</def> "In the very midst of the <i>affray</i>."

<i>Motley.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The fighting of two or more persons, in a public place, to the terror of others.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<note>&hand; A fighting in private is not, in a legal sense, an <i>affray</i>.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Quarrel; brawl; scuffle; encounter; fight; contest; feud; tumult; disturbance.</syn>

<h1>Affrayer</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fray"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One engaged in an affray.</def>

<h1>Affrayment</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fray"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Affray.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Affreight</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*freight"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>freight</ets>: cf. F. <ets>affr\'82ter</ets>. See <er>Freight</er>.]</ety> <def>To hire, as a ship, for the transportation of goods or freight.</def>

<h1>Affreighter</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*freight"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hires or charters a ship to convey goods.</def>

<h1>Affreightment</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*freight"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>affr\'82tement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of hiring, or the contract for the use of, a vessel, or some part of it, to convey cargo.</def>

<h1>Affret</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fret"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>affrettare</ets> to hasten, <ets>fretta</ets> haste.]</ety> <def>A furious onset or attack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Affriction</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fric"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>affricare</ets> to rub on. See <er>Friction</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of rubbing against.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Affriended</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*friend"ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Made friends; reconciled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Deadly foes . . . <i>affriended</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Affright</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fright"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Affrighted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Affrighting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Orig. p. p.; OE. <ets>afright</ets>, AS. <ets>\'befyrhtan</ets> to terrify; <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, Ger. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>fyrhto</ets> fright. See <er>Fright</er>.]</ety> <def>To impress with sudden fear; to frighten; to alarm.</def>

<blockquote>Dreams <b>affright</b> our souls.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A drear and dying sound
<b>Affrights</b> the flamens at their service quaint.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To terrify; frighten; alarm; dismay; appall; scare; startle; daunt; intimidate.</syn>

<h1>Affright</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fright"</hw>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Affrighted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Affright</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fright"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sudden and great fear; terror. It expresses a stronger impression than <i>fear</i>, or <i>apprehension</i>, perhaps less than <i>terror</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He looks behind him with <b>affright</b>, and forward with despair.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of frightening; also, a cause of terror; an object of dread.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Affrightedly</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fright"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With fright.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Affrighten</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fright"en</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To frighten.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "Fit tales . . . to <i>affrighten</i> babes."

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Affrighter</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fright"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who frightens.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Affrightful</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fright"ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Terrifying; frightful.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Af*fright"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Archaic]</mark></wordforms>

<blockquote>Bugbears or <b>affrightful</b> apparitions.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affrightment</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fright"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Affright; the state of being frightened; sudden fear or alarm.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Passionate words or blows . . . fill the child's mind with terror and <b>affrightment</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affront</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*front"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Affronted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Affronting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>afronter</ets>, F. <ets>affronter</ets>, to confront, LL. <ets>affrontare</ets> to strike against, fr. L. <ets>ad + frons</ets> forehead, front. See <er>Front</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To front; to face in position; to meet or encounter face to face.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All the sea-coasts do <b>affront</b> the Levant.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That he, as 't were by accident, may here
<b>Affront</b> Ophelia.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To face in defiance; to confront; <as>as, to confront; <as>as, to <ex>affront</ex> death</as></as>; hence, to meet in hostile encounter.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To offend by some manifestation of disrespect; to insult to the face by demeanor or language; to treat with marked incivility.</def>

<blockquote>How can any one imagine that the fathers would have dared to <b>affront</b> the wife of Aurelius?
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- TO insult; abuse; outrage; wound; illtreat; slight; defy; offend; provoke; pique; nettle.</syn>

<h1>Affront</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*front"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>affront</ets>, fr. <ets>affronter</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An encounter either friendly or hostile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I walked about, admired of all, and dreaded
On hostile ground, none daring my <b>affront</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contemptuous or rude treatment which excites or justifies resentment; marked disrespect; a purposed indignity; insult.</def>

<blockquote>Offering an <b>affront</b> to our understanding.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An offense to one's self-respect; shame.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Affront</er>, <er>Insult</er>, <er>Outrage</er>. An <i>affront</i> is a designed mark of disrespect, usually in the presence of others. An <i>insult</i> is a personal attack either by words or actions, designed to humiliate or degrade. An <i>outrage</i> is an act of extreme and violent insult or abuse. An <i>affront</i> piques and mortifies; an <i>insult</i> irritates and provokes; an <i>outrage</i> wounds and injures.

<blockquote>Captious persons construe every innocent freedom into an <b>affront</b>. When people are in a state of animosity, they seek opportunities of offering each other <b>insults</b>. Intoxication or violent passion impels men to the commission of <b>outrages</b>.
<i>Crabb.</i></blockquote>
</syn>

<h1>Affront\'82</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fron*t\'82"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>affront\'82</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Face to face, or front to front; facing.</def>

<h1>Affrontedly</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*front"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Shamelessly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Affrontee</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*fron*tee"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who receives an affront.</def>

<i>Lytton.</i>

<h1>Affronter</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*front"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who affronts, or insults to the face.</def>

<h1>Affrontingly</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*front"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an affronting manner.</def>

<h1>Affrontive</h1>
<Xpage=29>

<hw>Af*front"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to affront or offend; offensive; abusive.</def>

<blockquote>How <b>affrontive</b> it is to despise mercy.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="30">
Page 30<p>

<h1>Affrontiveness</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Af*front"ive*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality that gives an affront or offense.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Affuse</h1>
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<hw>Af*fuse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Affused</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Affusing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>affusus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>affundere</ets> to pour to; <ets>ad + fundere</ets>. See <er>Fuse</er>.]</ety> <def>To pour out or upon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I first <b>affused</b> water upon the compressed beans.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Affusion</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Af*fu"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>affusion</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of pouring upon, or sprinkling with a liquid, as water upon a child in baptism.</def> Specifically: <fld>(Med)</fld> <def>The act of pouring water or other fluid on the whole or a part of the body, as a remedy in disease.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Affy</h1>
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<hw>Af*fy"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Affied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr.</tt> <er>Affying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>afier</ets>, LL. <ets>affidare</ets>. Cf. <er>Affiance</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To confide (one's self <i>to</i>, or <i>in</i>); to trust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To betroth or espouse; to affiance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bind in faith.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Affy</h1>
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<hw>Af*fy"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To trust or confide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Afghan</h1>
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<hw>Af"ghan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Afghanistan.</def>

<h1>Afghan</h1>
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<hw>Af"ghan</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native of Afghanistan.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of worsted blanket or wrap.</def>

<h1>Afield</h1>
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<hw>A*field"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>field</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To, in, or on the field.</def> "We drove <i>afield</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>How jocund did they drive their team <b>afield</b>!
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Out of the way; astray.</def>

<blockquote>Why should he wander <b>afield</b> at the age of fifty-five!
<i>Trollope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Afire</h1>
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<hw>A*fire"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>fire</ets>.]</ety> <def>On fire.</def>

<h1>Aflame</h1>
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<hw>A*flame"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flame</ets>.]</ety> <def>Inflames; glowing with light or passion; ablaze.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Aflat</h1>
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<hw>A*flat"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flat</ets>.]</ety> <def>Level with the ground; flat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Aflaunt</h1>
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<hw>A*flaunt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flaunt</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a flaunting state or position.</def>

<i>Copley.</i>

<h1>Aflicker</h1>
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<hw>A*flick"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flicker</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a flickering state.</def>

<h1>Afloat</h1>
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<hw>A*float"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>float</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Borne on the water; floating; on board ship.</def>

<blockquote>On such a full sea are we now <b>afloat</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Moving; passing from place to place; in general circulation; <as>as, a rumor is <ex>afloat</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Unfixed; moving without guide or control; adrift; <as>as, our affairs are all <ex>afloat</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Aflow</h1>
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<hw>A*flow"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flow</ets>.]</ety> <def>Flowing.</def>

<blockquote>Their founts <b>aflow</b> with tears.
<i>R. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aflush</h1>
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<hw>A*flush"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flush</ets>, n.]</ety> <def>In a flushed or blushing state.</def>

<h1>Aflush</h1>
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<hw>A*flush"</hw>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flush</ets>, a.]</ety> <def>On a level.</def>

<blockquote>The bank is . . . <b>aflush</b> with the sea.
<i>Swinburne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aflutter</h1>
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<hw>A*flut"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flutter</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a flutter; agitated.</def>

<h1>Afoam</h1>
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<hw>A*foam"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>foam</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a foaming state; <as>as, the sea is all <ex>afoam</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Afoot</h1>
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<hw>A*foot"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>foot</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On foot.</def>

<blockquote>We 'll walk <b>afoot</b> a while.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: In motion; in action; astir; in progress.</def>

<blockquote>The matter being <b>afoot</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Afore</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>afore</ets>, <ets>aforn</ets>, AS. <ets>onforan</ets> or <ets>\'91tforan</ets>; pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>fore</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Before.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If he have never drunk wine <b>afore</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>In the fore part of a vessel.</def>

<h1>Afore</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Before (in all its senses).</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Before; in front of; farther forward than; <as>as, <ex>afore</ex> the windlass</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Afore the mast</col>, <cd>among the common sailors; -- a phrase used to distinguish the ship's crew from the officers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aforecited</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"cit`ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Named or quoted before.</def>

<h1>Aforegoing</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"go`ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Go\'c6ng before; foregoing.</def>

<h1>Aforehand</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"hand`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Beforehand; in anticipation.</def> <mark>[Archaic or <i>Dial</i>.]</mark>

<blockquote>She is come <b>aforehand</b> to anoint my body.
<i>Mark xiv. 8.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aforehand</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"hand`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Prepared; previously provided; -- opposed to <i>behindhand</i>.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Dial.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Aforehand</b> in all matters of power.

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Aforementioned</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"men`tioned</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Previously mentioned; before-mentioned.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Aforenamed</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"named`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Named before.</def>

<i>Peacham.</i>

<h1>Aforesaid</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"said`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Said before, or in a preceding part; already described or identified.</def>

<h1>Aforethought</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"thought`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Premeditated; prepense; previously in mind; designed; <as>as, malice <ex>aforethought</ex>, which is required to constitute murder</as>.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Aforethought</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"thought`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Premeditation.</def>

<h1>Aforetime</h1>
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<hw>A*fore"time`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In time past; formerly.</def> "He prayed . . . as he did <i>aforetime</i>."

<i>Dan. vi. 10.</i>

<h1>A fortiori</h1>
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<hw>A for`ti*o"ri</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Logic & Math.)</fld> <def>With stronger reason.</def>

<h1>Afoul</h1>
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<hw>A*foul"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>foul</ets>.]</ety> <def>In collision; entangled.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<cs><col>To run afoul of</col>, <cd>to run against or come into collision with, especially so as to become entangled or to cause injury.</cd></cs>

<h1>Afraid</h1>
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<hw>A*fraid"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>afrayed</ets>, <ets>affraide</ets>, p. p. of <ets>afraien</ets> to affray. See <er>Affray</er>, and cf. <er>Afeard</er>.]</ety> <def>Impressed with fear or apprehension; in fear; apprehensive.</def> <mark>[Afraid comes after the noun it limits.]</mark>  "Back they recoiled, <i>afraid</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<note>&hand; This word expresses a less degree of fear than <i>terrified</i> or <i>frightened</i>. It is followed by <i>of</i> before the object of fear, or by the infinitive, or by a dependent clause; as, to be <i>afraid of</i> death. "I am <i>afraid</i> to die."  "I am <i>afraid</i> he will chastise me."  "Be not <i>afraid</i> that I your hand should take." <i>Shak.</i> <i>I am afraid</i> is sometimes used colloquially to soften a statement; as, <i>I am afraid</i> I can not help you in this matter.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Fearful; timid; timorous; alarmed; anxious.</syn>

<h1>Afreet</h1>
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<hw>Af"reet</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Afrit</er>.</def>

<h1>Afresh</h1>
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<hw>A*fresh"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>fresh</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anew; again; once more; newly.</def>

<blockquote>They crucify . . . the Son of God <b>afresh</b>.
<i>Heb. vi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Afric</h1>
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<hw>Af"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>African.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Africa.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark></def2>

<h1>African</h1>
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<hw>Af"ri*can</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Africus</ets>, <ets>Africanus</ets>, fr. <ets>Afer</ets> African.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Africa.

<cs><col>African hemp</col>, <cd>a fiber prerared from the leaves of the <i>Sanseviera Guineensis<i>, a plant found in Africa and India.</cd> -- <col>African marigold</col>, <cd>a tropical American plant <spn>(Tagetes erecta)</spn>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>African oak</col> &or; <col>African teak</col></mcol>, <cd>a timber furnished by <spn>Oldfieldia Africana</spn>, used in ship building.</cd></cs>

<-- <col>African violet</col>   <col>African</col></mcol><cd>-American, a United States citizen of African descent-->

<h1>African</h1>
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<hw>Af"ri*can</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Africa; also one ethnologically belonging to an African race.</def>

<h1>Africander</h1>
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<hw>Af`ri*can"der</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One born in Africa, the offspring of a white father and a "colored" mother. Also, and now commonly in Southern Africa, a native born of European settlers.</def>

<h1>Africanism</h1>
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<hw>Af"ri*can*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A word, phrase, idiom, or custom peculiar to Africa or Africans.</def> "The knotty <i>Africanisms</i> . . . of the fathers."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Africanize</h1>
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<hw>Af"ri*can*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To place under the domination of Africans or negroes.</def> <mark>[Amer.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<mhw><h1>Afrit, Afrite, Afreet</h1>
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<hw>Af"rit</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Af"rite</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Af"reet</hw></mhw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Arab. '<ets>ifr\'c6t</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Moham. Myth.)</fld> <def>A powerful evil jinnee, demon, or monstrous giant.</def>

<h1>Afront</h1>
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<hw>A*front"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>front</ets>.]</ety> <def>In front; face to face. -- <i>prep</i>. In front of.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Aft</h1>
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<hw>Aft</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'91ftan</ets> behind; orig. superl. of <ets>of</ets>, <ets>off</ets>. See <er>After</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Near or towards the stern of a vessel; astern; abaft.</def>

<h1>After</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'91fter</ets> after, behind; akin to Goth. <ets>aftaro</ets>, <ets>aftra</ets>, backwards, Icel. <ets>aptr</ets>, Sw. and Dan. <ets>efter</ets>, OHG. <ets>aftar</ets> behind, Dutch and LG. <ets>achter</ets>, Gr. <?/ further off. The ending <ets>-ter</ets> is an old comparative suffix, in E. generally <ets>-ther</ets> (as in <ets>other</ets>), and <ets>after</ets> is a compar. of <ets>of</ets>, <ets>off</ets>. <?/ See <er>Of</er>; cf. <er>Aft</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Next; later in time; subsequent; succeeding; <as>as, an <ex>after</ex> period of life</as>.</def>

<i>Marshall.</i>

<note>&hand; In this sense the word is sometimes needlessly combined with the following noun, by means of a hyphen, as, <i>after</i>-ages, <i>after</i>-act, <i>after</i>-days, <i>after</i>-life. For the most part the words are properly kept separate when <i>after</i> has this meaning.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hinder; nearer the rear</def>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To ward the stern of the ship; -- applied to any object in the rear part of a vessel; as the <i>after</i> cabin, <i>after</i> hatchway.</def> <note>It is often combined with its noun; <as>as, <ex>after</ex>-bowlines, <ex>after</ex>-braces, <ex>after</ex>-sails, <ex>after</ex>-yards, those on the mainmasts and mizzenmasts</as>.</note>

<cs><col>After body</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the part of a ship abaft the dead flat, or middle part.</cd></cs>

<h1>After</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Behind in place; <as>as, men in line one <ex>after</ex> another</as>.</def> "Shut doors <i>after</i> you."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Below in rank; next to in order.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Codrus <b>after</b> Ph<?/bus sings the best.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Later in time; subsequent; <as>as, <ex>after</ex> supper, <ex>after</ex> three days</as>. It often precedes a clause. Formerly <i>that</i> was interposed between it and the clause.</def>

<blockquote><b>After</b> I am risen again, I will go before you into Galilee.
<i>Matt. xxvi. 32.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Subsequent to and in consequence of; <as>as, <ex>after</ex> what you have said, I shall be careful</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Subsequent to and notwithstanding; <as>as, <ex>after</ex> all our advice, you took that course</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Moving toward from behind; following, in search of; in pursuit of.</def>

<blockquote>Ye shall not go <b>after</b> other gods.
<i>Deut. vi. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>After</b> whom is the king of Israel come out?
<i>1 Sam. xxiv. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Denoting the aim or object; concerning; in relation to; <as>as, to look <ex>after</ex> workmen; to inquire <ex>after</ex> a friend; to thirst <ex>after</ex> righteousness.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>In imitation of; in conformity with; after the manner of; <as>as, to make a thing <ex>after</ex> a model; a picture <ex>after</ex> Rubens; the boy takes <ex>after</ex> his father.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>To name</col> or <col>call after</col></mcol>, <cd>to name like and reference to.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Our eldest son was <b>named</b> George <b>after</b> his uncle.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>According to; in accordance with; in conformity with the nature of; <as>as, he acted <ex>after</ex> his kind</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He shall not judge <b>after</b> the sight of his eyes.
<i>Isa. xi. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They that are <b>after</b> the flesh do mind the things of the flesh.
<i>Rom. viii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>According to the direction and influence of; in proportion to; befitting.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>He takes greatness of kingdoms according to bulk and currency, and not <b>after</b> their intrinsic value.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>After all</col>, <cd>when everything has been considered; upon the whole.</cd> -- <col>After</col> (with the same noun preceding and following), as, wave <i>after<i> wave, day <i>after<i> day, several or many (waves, etc.) <cd>successively.</cd> -- <col>One after another</col>, <cd>successively.</cd> -- <col>To be after</col>, <cd>to be in pursuit of in order to reach or get; <as>as, he is <ex>after<ex> money</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>After</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Subsequently in time or place; behind; afterward; <as>as, he follows <ex>after</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>It was about the space of three hours <b>after</b>.
<i>Acts. v. 7.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>After</i> is prefixed to many words, forming compounds, but retaining its usual signification. The prefix may be adverbial, prepositional, or adjectival; as in <i>after-</i> described, <i>after</i>-dinner, <i>after</i>-part. The hyphen is sometimes needlessly used to connect the adjective <i>after</i> with its noun. See <er>Note</er> under <er>After</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 1.</note>

<h1>Afterbirth</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*birth`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The placenta and membranes with which the fetus is connected, and which come away after delivery.</def>

<h1>Aftercast</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*cast`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A throw of dice after the game in ended; hence, anything done too late.</def>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Afterclap</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*clap`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An unexpected subsequent event; something disagreeable happening after an affair is supposed to be at an end.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Aftercrop</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*crop`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second crop or harvest in the same year.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>After damp</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er damp`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>.<def> An irrespirable gas, remaining after an explosion of fire damp in mines; choke damp. See <er>Carbonic acid</er>.</def>

<h1>After-dinner</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er-din`ner</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The time just after dinner.</def>   "An <i>after-dinner's</i> sleep." <i>Shak</i>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Following dinner; post-prandial; <as>as, an <ex>after-dinner</ex> nap</as>.</def></def2>

<h1>After-eatage</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er-eat`age</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Aftergrass.</def>

<h1>Aftereye</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*eye`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To look after.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Aftergame</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*game`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second game; hence, a subsequent scheme or expedient.</def>

<i>Wotton.</i>

<cs><col>Aftergame at Irish</col>, <cd>an ancient game very nearly resembling backgammon.</cd></cs>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>After-glow</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er-glow</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A glow of refulgence in the western sky after sunset.</def>

<h1>Aftergrass</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*grass`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The grass that grows after the first crop has been mown; aftermath.</def>

<h1>Aftergrowth</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*growth`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second growth or crop, or (metaphorically) development.</def>

<i> J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Afterguard</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*guard`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The seaman or seamen stationed on the poop or after part of the ship, to attend the after-sails.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>After-image</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er-im`age</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The impression of a vivid sensation retained by the retina of the eye after the cause has been removed; also extended to impressions left of tones, smells, etc.</def>

<h1>Afterings</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*ings</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>The last milk drawn in milking; strokings.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Grose.</i>

<h1>Aftermath</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*math</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>After</ets> + <ets>math</ets>. See <er>Math</er>.]</ety> <def>A second moving; the grass which grows after the first crop of hay in the same season; rowen.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>After-mentioned</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er-men`tioned</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mentioned afterwards; <as>as, persons <ex>after-mentioned</ex> (in a writing)</as>.</def>

<h1>Aftermost</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*most</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. superl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>eftemest</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91ftemest</ets>,akin to Gothic <ets>aftumist</ets> and <ets>aftuma</ets>, the last, orig. a superlative of <ets>of</ets>, with the superlative endings <ets>-te</ets>, <ets>-me</ets>, <ets>-st</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hindmost; -- opposed to <i>foremost</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Nearest the stern; most aft.</def>

<h1>Afternoon</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*noon"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The part of the day which follows noon, between noon and evening.</def>

<h1>After-note</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er-note`</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One of the small notes occur on the unaccented parts of the measure, taking their time from the preceding note.</def>

<h1>Afterpains</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*pains`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The pains which succeed childbirth, as in expelling the afterbirth.</def>

<h1>Afterpiece</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*piece`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece performed after a play, usually a farce or other small entertainment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The heel of a rudder.</def>

<h1>After-sails</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er-sails`</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The sails on the mizzenmast, or on the stays between the mainmast and mizzenmast.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Aftershaft</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*shaft`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hypoptilum.</def>

<h1>Aftertaste</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*taste`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A taste which remains in the mouth after eating or drinking.</def>

<h1>Afterthought</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*thought`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reflection after an act; later or subsequent thought or expedient.</def>

<h1>Afterwards, Afterward</h1>
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<hw><hw>Aft"er*wards</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Aft"er*ward</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'91fteweard</ets>, a., behind. See <er>Aft</er>, and <er>-ward</er> (suffix). The final <ets>s</ets> in <ets>afterwards</ets> is adverbial, orig. a genitive ending.]</ety> <def>At a later or succeeding time.</def>

<h1>Afterwise</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er*wise`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wise after the event; wise or knowing, when it is too late.</def>

<h1>After-wit</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er-wit`</hw> (#), <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wisdom or perception that comes after it can be of use.</def> "<i>After</i>-<i>wit</i> comes too late when the mischief is done."

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>After-witted</h1>
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<hw>Aft"er-wit`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by afterwit; slow-witted.</def>

<i>Tyndale.</i>

<h1>Aftmost</h1>
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<hw>Aft"most</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Nearest the stern.</def>

<h1>Aftward</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>Aft"ward</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Toward the stern.</def>

<mhw><h1>Aga or Agha</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>A*ga"</hw> <tt>or</tt> <hw>A*gha"</hw> (#)</mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk. <ets>adh\'be</ets> a great lord, chief master.]</ety> <def>In Turkey, a commander or chief officer. It is used also as a title of respect.</def>

<h1>Again</h1>
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<hw>A*gain"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>agein</ets>, <ets>agayn</ets>, AS. <ets>ongegn</ets>, <ets>onge\'a0n</ets>, against, again; <ets>on + ge\'a0n</ets>, akin to Ger. <ets>gegewn</ets> against, Icel. <ets>gegn</ets>. Cf. <er>Gainsay</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In return, back; <as>as, bring us word <ex>again</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Another time; once more; anew.</def>

<blockquote>If a man die, shall he live <b>again</b>?
<i>Job xiv. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Once repeated; -- of quantity; <as>as, as large <ex>again</ex>, half as much <ex>again</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In any other place.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>On the other hand.</def> "The one is my sovereign . . . the other <i>again</i> is my kinsman."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Moreover; besides; further.</def>

<blockquote><b>Again</b>, it is of great consequence to avoid, etc.
<i>Hersche<?/.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Again and again</col>, <cd>more than once; often; repeatedly.</cd> -- <col>Now and again</col>, <cd>now and then; occasionally.</cd> -- <col>To and again</col>, <cd>to and fro.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>De Foe.</i></cs>

<note>&hand; Again was formerly used in many verbal combinations, as, <i>again</i>-witness, to witness against; <i>again</i>-ride, to ride against; <i>again</i>-come, to come against, to encounter; <i>again</i>-bring, to bring back, etc.</note>

<h1>Again, Agains</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*gain"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*gains"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Against; also, towards (in order to meet).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Albeit that it is <b>again</b> his kind.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Againbuy</h1>
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<hw>A*gain"buy`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To redeem.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Againsay</h1>
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<hw>A*gain"say`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To gainsay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Against</h1>
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<hw>A*gainst"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>agens</ets>, <ets>ageynes</ets>, AS. <ets>ongegn</ets>. The <ets>s</ets> is adverbial, orig. a genitive ending. See <er>Again</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abreast; opposite to; facing; towards; <as>as, <ex>against</ex> the mouth of a river</as>; -- in this sense often preceded by <i>over</i>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Jacob saw the angels of God come <b>against</b> him.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>From an opposite direction so as to strike or come in contact with; in contact with; upon; <as>as, hail beats <ex>against</ex> the roof</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In opposition to, whether the opposition is of sentiment or of action; on the other side; counter to; in contrariety to; hence, adverse to; <as>as, <ex>against</ex> reason; <ex>against</ex> law; to run a race <ex>against</ex> time.</as></def>

<blockquote>The gate would have been shut <b>against</b> her.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An argument <b>against</b> the use of steam.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>By of before the time that; in preparation for; so as to be ready for the time when.</def> <mark>[Archaic or <i>Dial</i>.]</mark>

<blockquote>Urijah the priest made it, <b>against</b> King Ahaz came from Damascus.
<i>2 Kings xvi. 11.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Against the sun</col>, <cd>in a direction contrary to that in which the sun appears to move.</cd></cs>

<h1>Againstand</h1>
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<hw>A*gain"stand`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To withstand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Againward</h1>
<Xpage=30>

<hw>A*gain"ward</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Back again.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="31">
Page 31<p>

<h1>Agalactia, Agalaxy</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw><hw>Ag`a*lac"ti*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ag"a*lax`y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, milk.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Failure of the due secretion of milk after childbirth.</def>

<h1>Agalactous</h1>
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<hw>Ag`a*lac"tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lacking milk to suckle with.</def>

<h1>Agal-agal</h1>
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<hw>A`gal-a"gal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Agar-agar</er>.</def>

<h1>Agalloch, Agallochum</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ag"al*loch</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*gal"lo*chum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, of Eastern origin: cf. Skr. <ets>aguru</ets>, Heb. pl. <ets>ah\'bel\'c6m</ets>.]</ety> <def>A soft, resinous wood <spn>(Aquilaria Agallocha)</spn> of highly aromatic smell, burnt by the orientals as a perfume. It is called also <altname>agalwood</altname> and <altname>aloes wood</altname>. The name is also given to some other species.</def>

<h1>Agalmatolite</h1>
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<hw>Ag`al*mat"o*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, image, statue + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>agalmatolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A soft, compact stone, of a grayish, greenish, or yellowish color, carved into images by the Chinese, and hence called <altname>figure stone</altname>, and <altname>pagodite</altname>. It is probably a variety of pinite.</def>

<h1>Agama</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag"a*ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <er>Agamas</er> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[From the Caribbean name of a species of lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of lizards, one of the few which feed upon vegetable substances; also, one of these lizards.</def>

<h1>Agami</h1>
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<hw>Ag"a*mi</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Agamis</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[F. agex>, fr. the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American bird (<spn>Psophia crepitans</spn>), allied to the cranes, and easily domesticated; -- called also the <altname>gold-breasted trumpeter</altname>. Its body is about the size of the pheasant. See <er>Trumpeter</er>.</def>

<h1>Agamic</h1>
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<hw>A*gam"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<er>Agamous</er>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Produced without sexual union; <as>as, <ex>agamic</ex> or unfertilized eggs</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not having visible organs of reproduction, as flowerless plants; agamous.</def>

<h1>Agamically</h1>
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<hw>A*gam"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an agamic manner.</def>

<h1>Agamist</h1>
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<hw>Ag"a*mist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Agamous</er>.]</ety> <def>An unmarried person; also, one opposed to marriage.</def>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Agamogenesis</h1>
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<hw>Ag`a*mo*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unmarried (<?/ priv. + <?/ marriage) + <?/ reproduction.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Reproduction without the union of parents of distinct sexes: asexual reproduction.</def>

<h1>Agamogenetic</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag`a*mo*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Reproducing or produced without sexual union.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ag`a*mo*ge*net"ic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>All known <b>agamogenetic</b> processes end in a complete return to the primitive stock.
<i>Huxley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agamous</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag"a*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unmarried; <?/ priv. + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having no visible sexual organs; asexual. In <plu>Bo>., cryptogamous.</def>

<h1>Aganglionic</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gan`gli*o"nic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>ganglionic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Without ganglia.</def>

<h1>Agape</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gape"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>gape</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gaping, as with wonder, expectation, or eager attention.</def>

<blockquote>Dazzles the crowd and sets them all <b>agape</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agape</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag"a*pe</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Agap\'91</plw> (#)</plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ love, pl. <?/.]</ety> <def>The love feast of the primitive Christians, being a meal partaken of in connection with the communion.</def>

<h1>Agar-agar</h1>
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<hw>A`gar-a"gar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ceylonese local name.]</ety> <def>A fucus or seaweed much used in the East for soups and jellies; Ceylon moss (<spn>Gracilaria lichenoides</spn>).</def>

<h1>Agaric</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag"a*ric</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agaricum</ets>, Gr. <?/, said to be fr. <ets>Agara</ets>, a town in Sarmatia.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fungus of the genus <plu>Ag/xex>, of many species, of which the common mushroom is an example.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An old name for severwal species of <i>Polyporus</i>, corky fungi growing on decaying wood.</def>

<note>&hand; The "<i>female agaric</i>" <spn>(Polyporus officinalic)</spn> was renowned as a cathartic; the "<i>male agaric</i>" <spn>(Polyporus igniarius)</spn> is used for preparing touchwood, called punk of German tinder.</note>

<cs><col>Agaric mineral</col>, <cd>a light, chalky deposit of carbonate of lime, sometimes called <i>rock milk<i>, formed in caverns or fissures of limestone.</cd></cs>

<h1>Agasp</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gasp"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>gasp</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a state of gasping.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<mhw><h1>Agast or Aghast</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gast"</hw> or <hw>A*ghast"</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To affright; to terrify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Agast</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gast"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>See <er>Aghast</er>.</def>

<h1>Agastric</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gas"tric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ stomach.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Having to stomach, or distinct digestive canal, as the tapeworm.</def>

<h1>Agate</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gate"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> on + <ets>gate</ets> way.]</ety> <def>On the way; agoing; <as>as, to be <ex>agate</ex>; to set the bells <ex>agate</ex>.</as></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Agate</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag"ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>agate</ets>, It. <ets>agata</ets>, L. <ets>achates</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A semipellucid, uncrystallized variety of quartz, presenting various tints in the same specimen. Its colors are delicately arranged in stripes or bands, or blended in clouds.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>fortification agate</i>, or Scotch pebble, the <i>moss agate</i>, the <i>clouded agate</i>, etc., are familiar varieties.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A kind of type, larger than pearl and smaller than nonpareil; in England called <i>ruby</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; This line is printed in the type called <i>agate</i>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A diminutive person; so called in allusion to the small figures cut in agate for rings and seals.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A tool used by gold-wire drawers, bookbinders, etc.; -- so called from the agate fixed in it for burnishing.</def>

<h1>Agatiferous</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag`a*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Agate</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing or producing agates.</def>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>Agatine</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag"a*tine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or like, agate.</def>

<h1>Agatize</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag"a*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Usually p. p. <er>Agatized</er><tt>(#)</tt>.]</ety> <def>To convert into agate; to make resemble agate.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Agaty</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag"a*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of agate, or containing agate.</def>

<h1>Agave</h1>
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<hw>A*ga"ve</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Agave</ets>, prop. name, fr. Gr. <?/, fem. of <?/ illustrious, noble.]</ety> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants (order <spn>Amaryllidace\'91</spn>) of which the chief species is the maguey or century plant <spn>(A. Americana)</spn>, wrongly called Aloe. It is from ten to seventy years, according to climate, in attaining maturity, when it produces a gigantic flower stem, sometimes forty feet in height, and perishes. The fermented juice is the <i>pulque</i> of the Mexicans; distilled, it yields <i>mescal</i>. A strong thread and a tough paper are made from the leaves, and the wood has many uses.</def>

<h1>Agazed</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gazed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <ety>[Only in p. p.; another spelling for <ets>aghast</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gazing with astonishment; amazed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The whole army stood <b>agazed</b> on him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Age</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aage</ets>, <ets>eage</ets>, F. <ets>\'83ge</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aetas</ets> through a supposed LL. <ets>aetaticum</ets>. L. <ets>aetas</ets> is contracted fr. <ets>aevitas</ets>, fr. <ets>aevum</ets> lifetime, age; akin to E. <ets>aye</ets> ever. Cf. <er>Each</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The whole duration of a being, whether animal, vegetable, or other kind; lifetime.</def>

<blockquote>Mine <b>age</b> is as nothing before thee.
<i>Ps. xxxix. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That part of the duration of a being or a thing which is between its beginning and any given time; as, what is the present <i>age</i> of a man, or of the earth?</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The latter part of life; an advanced period of life; seniority; state of being old.</def>

<blockquote>Nor wrong mine <b>age</b> with this indignity.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One of the stages of life; <as>as, the <ex>age</ex> of infancy, of youth, etc.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Mature age; especially, the time of life at which one attains full personal rights and capacities; <as>as, to come of <ex>age</ex>; he (or she) is of <ex>age</ex>.</def>  <i>Abbott</i>.  <note>In the United States, both males and females are of <ex>age</ex> when twenty-one years old.</as></note>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The time of life at which some particular power or capacity is understood to become vested; <as>as, the <ex>age</ex> of consent; the <ex>age</ex> of discretion.</as></def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A particular period of time in history, as distinguished from others; <as>as, the golden <ex>age</ex>, the <ex>age</ex> of Pericles</as>.</def> "The spirit of the <i>age</i>."

<i>Prescott.</i>

<blockquote>Truth, in some <b>age</b> or other, will find her witness.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Archeological ages</col> <cd>are designated as three: The Stone <i>age<i> (the early and the later stone age, called <i>paleolithic<i> and <i>neolithic<i>), the Bronze <i>age<i>, and the Iron <i>age<i>. During the Age of Stone man is supposed to have employed stone for weapons and implements.</cd></cs>

<see>See <er>Augustan</er>, <er>Brazen</er>, <er>Golden</er>, <er>Heroic</er>, <er>Middle</er>.</see>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A great period in the history of the Earth.</def>

<note>The <it>geologic ages</it> are as follows: 1. The Arch\'91an, including the time when was no life and the time of the earliest and simplest forms of life. 2. The <ex>age</ex> of Invertebrates, or the Silurian, when the life on the globe consisted distinctively of invertebrates. 3. The <ex>age</ex> of Fishes, or the Devonian, when fishes were the dominant race. 4. The <ex>age</ex> of Coal Plants, or Acrogens, or the Carboniferous <ex>age</ex>. 5. The Mesozoic or Secondary <ex>age</ex>, or <ex>age</ex> of Reptiles, when reptiles prevailed in great numbers and of vast size. 6. The Tertiary <ex>age</ex>, or <ex>age</ex> of Mammals, when the mammalia, or quadrupeds, abounded, and were the dominant race. 7. The Quaternary <ex>age</ex>, or <ex>age</ex> of Man, or the modern era.</note>

<i>Dana.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A century; the period of one hundred years.</def>

<blockquote>Fleury . . . apologizes for these five <b>ages</b>.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>The people who live at a particular period; hence, a generation.</def> "<i>Ages</i> yet unborn."

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>The way which the <b>age</b> follows.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lo! where the stage, the poor, degraded stage,
Holds its warped mirror to a gaping <b>age</b>.
<i>C. Sprague.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>A long time.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "He made minutes an <i>age</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<cs><col>Age of a tide</col>, <cd>the time from the origin of a tide in the South Pacific Ocean to its arrival at a given place.</cd> -- <col>Moon's age</col>, <cd>the time that has elapsed since the last preceding conjunction of the sun and moon.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; <i>Age</i> is used to form the first part of many compounds; as, <i>age</i>lasting, <i>age</i>-adorning, <i>age</i>-worn, <i>age</i>-enfeebled, <i>age</i>long.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Time; period; generation; date; era; epoch.</syn>

<h1>Age</h1>
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<hw>Age</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aging</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To grow aged; to become old; to show marks of age; <as>as, he grew fat as he <ex>aged</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>They live one hundred and thirty years, and never <b>age</b> for all that.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am <b>aging</b>; that is, I have a whitish, or rather a light-colored, hair here and there.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Age</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Age</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to grow old; to impart the characteristics of age to; <as>as, grief <ex>ages</ex> us</as>.</def>

<h1>Aged</h1>
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<hw>A"ged</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Old; having lived long; having lived almost to or beyond the usual time allotted to that species of being; <as>as, an <ex>aged</ex> man; an <ex>aged</ex> oak.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Belonging to old age.</def> "<i>Aged</i> cramps."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>(#) Having a certain age; at the age of; having lived; <as>as, a man <ex>aged</ex> forty years</as>.</def>

<h1>Agedly</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A"ged*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of an aged person.</def>

<h1>Agedness</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A"ged*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being aged; oldness.</def>

<blockquote>Custom without truth is but <b>agedness</b> of error.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ageless</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Age"less</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without old age limits of duration; <as>as, fountains of <ex>ageless</ex> youth</as>.</def>

<h1>Agen</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gen"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & prep.</tt> <def>See <er>Again</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Agency</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Agencies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[<ets>agentia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>agens</ets>, <ets>agentis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>agence</ets>. See <er>Agent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The faculty of acting or of exerting power; the state of being in action; action; instrumentality.</def>

<blockquote>The superintendence and <b>agency</b> of Providence in the natural world.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The office of an agent, or factor; the relation between a principal and his agent; business of one intrusted with the concerns of another.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The place of business of am agent.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Action; operation; efficiency; management.</syn>

<h1>Agend</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A"gend</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Agendum</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Agendum</h1>
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<hw>A*gen"dum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Agenda</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., neut. of the gerundive of <ets>agere</ets> to act.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something to be done; in the <pluf>pl.</pluf>, a memorandum book.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A church service; a ritual or liturgy. [In this sense, usually <i>Agenda</i>.]</def>

<h1>Agenesic</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag`e*nes"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Agensis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Characterized by sterility; infecund.</def>

<h1>Agenesis</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ birth.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Any imperfect development of the body, or any anomaly of organization.</def>

<h1>Agennesis</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag`en*ne"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ an engendering.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Impotence; sterility.</def>

<h1>Agent</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A"gent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agens</ets>, <ets>agentis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>agere</ets> to act; akin to Gr. <?/ to lead, Icel. <ets>aka</ets> to drive, Skr. <ets>aj</ets>. <?/.]</ety> <def>Acting<?/ -- opposed to <i>patient</i>, or sustaining, action.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "The body <i>agent</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Agent</h1>
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<hw>A"gent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who exerts power, or has the power to act; an actor.</def>

<blockquote>Heaven made us <b>agents</b>, free to good or ill.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who acts for, or in the place of, another, by authority from him; one intrusted with the business of another; a substitute; a deputy; a factor.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An active power or cause; that which has the power to produce an effect; <as>as, a physical, chemical, or medicinal <ex>agent</ex>; <as>as, heat is a powerful <ex>agent</ex></as>.</as></def>

<h1>Agential</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>A*gen"tial</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an agent or an agency.</def>

<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i>

<h1>Agentship</h1>
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<hw>A"gent*ship</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Agency.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Ageratum</h1>
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<hw>A*ger"a*tum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a sort of plant; <?/ priv. + <?/ old age.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, one species of which <spn>(A. Mexicanum)</spn> has lavender-blue flowers in dense clusters.</def>

<h1>Aggeneration</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag*gen`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aggenerare</ets> to beget in addition. See <er>Generate</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of producing in addition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Stanley.</i>

<h1>Agger</h1>
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<hw>Ag"ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a mound, fr. <ets>aggerere</ets> to bear to a place, heap up; <ets>ad + gerere</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>An earthwork; a mound; a raised work.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hearne.</i>

<h1>Aggerate</h1>
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<hw>Ag"ger*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aggeratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aggerare</ets>. See <er>Agger</er>.]</ety> <def>To heap up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Aggeration</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ger*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aggeratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A heaping up; accumulation; <as>as, <ex>aggerations</ex> of sand</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Aggerose</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag`ger*ose"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>In heaps; full of heaps.</def>

<h1>Aggest</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag*gest"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aggestus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aggerere</ets>. See <er>Agger</er>.]</ety> <def>To heap up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The violence of the waters <b>aggested</b> the earth.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agglomerate</h1>
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<hw>Ag*glom"er*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Agglomerated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Agglomerating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>agglomeratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>agglomerare</ets>; <ets>ad + glomerare</ets> to form into a ball. See <er>Glomerate</er>.]</ety> <def>To wind or collect into a ball; hence, to gather into a mass or anything like a mass.</def>

<blockquote>Where he builds the <b>agglomerated</b> pile.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agglomerate</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag*glom"er*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To collect in a mass.</def>

<h1>Agglomerate, Agglomerated</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw><hw>Ag*glom"er*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ag*glom"er*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Collected into a ball, heap, or mass.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Collected into a rounded head of flowers.</def>

<h1>Agglomerate</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag*glom"er*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A collection or mass.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A mass of angular volcanic fragments united by heat; -- distinguished from <i>conglomerate</i>.</def>

<h1>Agglomeration</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag*glom`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>agglom\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of collecting in a mass; a heaping together.</def>

<blockquote>An excessive <b>agglomeration</b> of turrets.
<i>Warton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>State of being collected in a mass; a mass; cluster.</def>

<h1>Agglomerative</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag*glom"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a tendency to gather together, or to make collections.</def>

<blockquote>Taylor is eminently discursive, accumulative, and (to use one of his own words) <b>agglomerative</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agglutinant</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag*glu"ti*nant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agglutinans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>agglutinare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Uniting, as glue; causing, or tending to cause, adhesion.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> Any viscous substance which causes bodies or parts to adhere.</def></def2>

<h1>Agglutinate</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag*glu"ti*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Agglutinated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Agglutinating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>agglutinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>agglutinare</ets> to glue or cement to a thing; <ets>ad + glutinare</ets> to glue; <ets>gluten</ets> glue. See <er>Glue</er>.]</ety> <def>To unite, or cause to adhere, as with glue or other viscous substance; to unite by causing an adhesion of substances.</def>

<h1>Agglutinate</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag*glu"ti*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>United with glue or as with glue; cemented together.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(physiol.)</fld> <def>Consisting of root words combined but not materially altered as to form or meaning; <as>as, <ex>agglutinate</ex> forms, languages, etc.</as>  See <er>Agglutination</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Agglutination</h1>
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<hw>Ag*glu`ti*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>agglutination</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of uniting by glue or other tenacious substance; the state of being thus united; adhesion of parts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Combination in which root words are united with little or no change of form or loss of meaning. See <er>Agglutinative</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Agglutinative</h1>
<Xpage=31>

<hw>Ag*glu"ti*na*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>agglutinatif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to agglutination; tending to unite, or having power to cause adhesion; adhesive.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>Formed or characterized by agglutination, as a language or a compound.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>agglutinative</b> languages the union of words may be compared to mechanical compounds, in inflective languages to chemical compounds.
<i>R. Morris.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cf. <b>man</b>-<b>kind</b>, <b>heir</b>-<b>loom</b>, <b>war</b>-<b>like</b>, which are <b>agglutinative</b> compounds. The Finnish, Hungarian, Turkish, the Tamul, etc., are <b>agglutinative</b> languages.
<i>R. Morris.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Agglutinative</b> languages preserve the consciousness of their roots.
<i>Max M\'81ller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aggrace</h1>
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<hw>Ag*grace"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>grace</ets>: cf. It. <ets>aggraziare</ets>, LL. <ets>aggratiare</ets>. See <er>Grace</er>.]</ety> <def>To favor; to grace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "That knight so much <i>aggraced</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<hr>
<page="32">
Page 32<p>

<h1>Aggrace</h1>
<Xpage=32>

<hw>Ag*grace"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Grace; favor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Aggrandizable</h1>
<Xpage=32>

<hw>Ag"gran*di"za*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being aggrandized.</def>

<h1>Aggrandization</h1>
<Xpage=32>

<hw>Ag*gran`di*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Aggrandizement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Waterhouse.</i>

<h1>Aggrandize</h1>
<Xpage=32>

<hw>Ag"gran*dize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aggrandized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aggrandizing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>agrandir</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>grandir</ets> to increase, L. <ets>grandire</ets>, fr. <ets>grandis</ets> great. See <er>Grand</er>, and cf. <er>Finish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make great; to enlarge; to increase; <as>as, to <ex>aggrandize</ex> our conceptions, authority, distress</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make great or greater in power, rank, honor, or wealth; -- applied to persons, countries, etc.</def>

<blockquote>His scheme for <b>aggrandizing</b> his son.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make appear great or greater; to exalt.</def>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To augment; exalt; promote; advance.</syn>

<h1>Aggrandize</h1>
<Xpage=32>

<hw>Ag"gran*dize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To increase or become great.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Follies, continued till old age, do <b>aggrandize</b>.
<i>J. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aggrandizement</h1>
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<hw>Ag*gran"dize*ment</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>agrandissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of aggrandizing, or the state of being aggrandized or exalted in power, rank, honor, or wealth; exaltation; enlargement; <as>as, the emperor seeks only the <ex>aggrandizement</ex> of his own family</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Augmentation; exaltation; enlargement; advancement; promotion; preferment.</syn>

<h1>Aggrandizer</h1>
<Xpage=32>

<hw>Ag"gran*di`zer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who aggrandizes, or makes great.</def>

<h1>Aggrate</h1>
<Xpage=32>

<hw>Ag*grate"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>aggratare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + gratus</ets> pleasing. See <er>Grate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To please.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Each one sought his lady to <b>aggrate</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aggravate</h1>
<Xpage=32>

<hw>Ag"gra*vate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aggravated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aggravating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>aggravatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aggravare</ets>. See <er>Aggrieve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make heavy or heavier; to add to; to increase.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>aggravate</i> thy store."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make worse, or more severe; to render less tolerable or less excusable; to make more offensive; to enhance; to intensify.</def> "To <i>aggravate</i> my woes."

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>To <b>aggravate</b> the horrors of the scene.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The defense made by the prisioner's counsel did rather <b>aggravate</b> than extenuate his crime.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give coloring to in description; to exaggerate; <as>as, to <ex>aggravate</ex> circumstances</as>.</def>

<i>Paley.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To exasperate; to provoke; to irritate.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>If both were to <b>aggravate</b> her parents, as my brother and sister do mine.
<i>Richardson (Clarissa).</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To heighten; intensify; increase; magnify; exaggerate; provoke; irritate; exasperate.</syn>

<h1>Aggravating</h1>
<Xpage=32>

<hw>Ag"gra*va`ting</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Making worse or more heinous; <as>as, <ex>aggravating</ex> circumstances</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exasperating; provoking; irritating.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>A thing at once ridiculous and <b>aggravating</b>.
<i>J. Ingelow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aggravatingly</h1>
<Xpage=32>

<hw>Ag"gra*va`ting*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an aggravating manner.</def>

<h1>Aggravation</h1>
<Xpage=32>

<hw>Ag`gra*va"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>aggravatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aggravation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of aggravating, or making worse; -- used of evils, natural or moral; the act of increasing in severity or heinousness; something additional to a crime or wrong and enhancing its guilt or injurious consequences.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exaggerated representation.</def>

<blockquote>By a little <b>aggravation</b> of the features changed it into the Saracen's head.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An extrinsic circumstance or accident which increases the guilt of a crime or the misery of a calamity.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Provocation; irritation.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Aggravative</h1>
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<hw>Ag"gra*va*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to aggravate.</def> <wordforms><wf>Ag*gres"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ag*gres"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>No <b>aggressive</b> movement was made.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aggressor</h1>
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<hw>Ag*gres"sor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>agresseur</ets>.]</ety> <def>The person who first attacks or makes an aggression; he who begins hostility or a quarrel; an assailant.</def>

<blockquote>The insolence of the <b>aggressor</b> is usually proportioned to the tameness of the sufferer.
<i>Ames.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aggrievance</h1>
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<hw>Ag*griev"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>agrevance</ets>, fr. <ets>agrever</ets>. See <er>Aggrieve</er>.]</ety> <def>Oppression; hardship; injury; grievance.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Aggrieve</h1>
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<hw>Ag*grieve"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aggrieved</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aggrieving</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>agreven</ets>, OF. <ets>agrever</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>grever</ets> to burden, injure, L. <ets>gravare</ets> to weigh down, fr. <ets>gravis</ets> heavy. See <er>Grieve</er>, and cf. <er>Aggravate</er>.]</ety> <def>To give pain or sorrow to; to afflict; hence, to oppress or injure in one's rights; to bear heavily upon; -- now commonly used in the passive <i>TO be aggrieved</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Aggrieved</b> by oppression and extortion.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aggrieve</h1>
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<hw>Ag*grieve"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grieve; to lament.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aggroup</h1>
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<hw>Ag*group"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aggrouped</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aggrouping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>agrouper</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>groupe</ets> group. See <er>Group</er>..]</ety> <def>To bring together in a group; to group.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Aggroupment</h1>
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<hw>Ag*group"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Arrangement in a group or in groups; grouping.</def>

<mhw><h1>Aggry, Aggri</h1>
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<hw>Ag"gry</hw>, <hw>Ag"gri</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Applied to a kind of variegated glass beads of ancient manufacture; <as>as, <ex>aggry</ex> beads are found in Ashantee and Fantee in Africa</as>.</def>

<h1>Aghast</h1>
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<hw>A*ghast"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Agast</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aghast</h1>
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<hw>A*ghast"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a & p. p.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>agast</ets>, <ets>agasted</ets>, p. p. of <ets>agasten</ets> to terrify, fr. AS. pref. <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, G. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>g<?/stan</ets> to terrify, torment: cf. Goth. <ets>usgaisjan</ets> to terrify, primitively to fix, to root to the spot with terror; akin to L. <ets>haerere</ets> to stick fast, cling. See <er>Gaze</er>, <er>Hesitate</er>.]</ety> <def>Terrified; struck with amazement; showing signs of terror or horror.</def>

<blockquote><b>Aghast</b> he waked; and, starting from his bed,
Cold sweat in clammy drops his limbs o'erspread.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The commissioners read and stood <b>aghast</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agible</h1>
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<hw>Ag"i*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>agibilis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>agere</ets> to move, do.]</ety> <def>Possible to be done; practicable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Fit for <i>agible</i> things."

<i>Sir A. Sherley.</i>

<h1>Agile</h1>
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<hw>Ag"ile</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>agile</ets>, L. <ets>agilis</ets>, fr. <ets>agere</ets> to move. See <er>Agent</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the faculty of quick motion in the limbs; apt or ready to move; nimble; active; <as>as, an <ex>agile</ex> boy; an <ex>agile</ex> tongue.</as></def>

<blockquote>Shaking it with <b>agile</b> hand.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Active; alert; nimble; brisk; lively; quick.</syn>

<h1>Agilely</h1>
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<hw>Ag"ile*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an agile manner; nimbly.</def>

<h1>Agileness</h1>
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<hw>Ag"ile*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Agility; nimbleness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Agility</h1>
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<hw>A*gil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>agili\'82</ets>, L. <ets>agilitas</ets>, fr. <ets>agilis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being agile; the power of moving the limbs quickly and easily; nimbleness; activity; quickness of motion; <as>as, strength and <ex>agility</ex> of body</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They . . . trust to the <b>agility</b> of their wit.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wheeling with the <b>agility</b> of a hawk.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Activity; powerful agency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>agility</b> of the sun's fiery heat.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agio</h1>
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<hw>Ag"i*o</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Agios</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It. <ets>aggio</ets> exchange, discount, premium, the same word as <ets>agio</ets> ease. See Ease.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The premium or percentage on a better sort of money when it is given in exchange for an inferior sort. The premium or discount on foreign bills of exchange is sometimes called <i>agio</i>.</def>

<h1>Agiotage</h1>
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<hw>Ag"i*o*tage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>agiotage</ets>, fr. <ets>agioter</ets> to practice stockjobbing, fr. <ets>agio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Exchange business; also, stockjobbing; the maneuvers of speculators to raise or lower the price of stocks or public funds.</def>

<blockquote>Vanity and <b>agiotage</b> are to a Parisian the oxygen and hydrogen of life.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agist</h1>
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<hw>A*gist"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>agister</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>gister</ets> to assign a lodging, fr. <ets>giste</ets> lodging, abode, F. <ets>g\'8cte</ets>, LL. <ets>gistum</ets>, <ets>gista</ets>, fr. L. <ets>jacitum</ets>, p. p. of <ets>jac<?/re</ets> to lie: cf. LL. <ets>agistare</ets>, <ets>adgistare</ets>. See <er>Gist</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To take to graze or pasture, at a certain sum; -- used originally of the feeding of cattle in the king's forests, and collecting the money for the same.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Agistator</h1>
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<hw>Ag`is*ta"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Agister</er>.</def>

<h1>Agister, Agistor</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*gist"er</hw>, <hw>A*gist"or</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Anglo-Norman <ets>agistour</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Formerly, an officer of the king's forest, who had the care of cattle agisted, and collected the money for the same; -- hence called <altname>gisttaker</altname>, which in England is corrupted into <altname>guest-taker</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Now, one who agists or takes in cattle to pasture at a certain rate; a pasturer.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Agistment</h1>
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<hw>A*gist"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>agistement</ets>. See <er>Agist</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Formerly, the taking and feeding of other men's cattle in the king's forests.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The taking in by any one of other men's cattle to graze at a certain rate. <i>Mozley & W.</i></def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The price paid for such feeding.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A charge or rate against lands; <as>as, an <ex>agistment</ex> of sea banks, <it>i. e.</it>, charge for banks or dikes.</def>

<h1>Agitable</h1>
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<hw>Ag"i*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agitabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>agitable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being agitated, or easily moved.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Agitate</h1>
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<hw>Ag"i*tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Agitated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Agitating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>agitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>agitare</ets> to put in motion, fr. <ets>agere</ets> to move: cf. F. <ets>agiter</ets>. See <er>Act</er>, <er>Agent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move with a violent, irregular action; <as>as, the wind <ex>agitates</ex> the sea; to <ex>agitate</ex> water in a vessel.</as></def> "Winds . . . <i>agitate</i> the air."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move or actuate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To stir up; to disturb or excite; to perturb; <as>as, he was greatly <ex>agitated</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The mind of man is <b>agitated</b> by various passions.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To discuss with great earnestness; to debate; <as>as, a controversy hotly <ex>agitated</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To revolve in the mind, or view in all its aspects; to contrive busily; to devise; to plot; <as>as, politicians <ex>agitate</ex> desperate designs</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To move; shake; excite; rouse; disturb; distract; revolve; discuss; debate; canvass.</syn>

<h1>Agitatedly</h1>
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<hw>Ag"i*ta`ted*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an agitated manner.</def>

<h1>Agitation</h1>
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<hw>Ag`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>agitation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of agitating, or the state of being agitated; the state of being moved with violence, or with irregular action; commotion; <as>as, the sea after a storm is in <ex>agitation</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stirring up or arousing; disturbance of tranquillity; disturbance of mind which shows itself by physical excitement; perturbation; <as>as, to cause any one <ex>agitation</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Excitement of public feeling by discussion, appeals, etc.; <as>as, the antislavery <ex>agitation</ex>; labor <ex>agitation</ex>.</as></def> "Religious <i>agitations</i>."

<i>Prescott.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Examination or consideration of a subject in controversy, or of a plan proposed for adoption; earnest discussion; debate.</def>

<blockquote>A logical <b>agitation</b> of the matter.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The project now in <b>agitation</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Emotion; commotion; excitement; trepidation; tremor; perturbation. See <er>Emotion</er>.</syn>

<h1>Agitative</h1>
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<hw>Ag"i*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to agitate.</def>

<h1>Agitato</h1>
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<hw>A`gi*ta"to</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It., agitated.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Sung or played in a restless, hurried, and spasmodic manner.</def>

<h1>Agitator</h1>
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<hw>Ag"i*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who agitates; one who stirs up or excites others; <as>as, political reformers and <ex>agitators</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a body of men appointed by the army, in Cromwell's time, to look after their interests; -- called also <altname>adjutators</altname>.</def>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An implement for shaking or mixing.</def>

<h1>Agleam</h1>
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<hw>A*gleam"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>gleam</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gleaming; <as>as, faces <ex>agleam</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Aglet, Aiglet</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ag"let</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Aig"let</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aiguillette</ets> point, tagged point, dim. of <ets>aiguilee</ets> needle, fr. LL. <ets>acucula</ets> for <ets>acicula</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>acus</ets> needle, pin<?/: cf. OF. <ets>agleter</ets> to hook on. See <er>Acute</er>, and cf. <er>Aiguillette</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tag of a lace or of the points, braids, or cords formerly used in dress. They were sometimes formed into small images. Hence, "<i>aglet</i> baby" (<i>Shak</i>.), an <i>aglet</i> image.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Haberdashery)</fld> <def>A round white staylace.</def>

<i>Beck.</i>

<h1>Agley</h1>
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<hw>A*gley"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Aside; askew.</def> <mark>[Scotch]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Aglimmer</h1>
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<hw>A*glim"mer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>glimmer</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a glimmering state.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Aglitter</h1>
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<hw>A*glit"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>glitter</ets>.]</ety> <def>Clittering; in a glitter.</def>

<h1>Aglossal</h1>
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<hw>A*glos"sal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without tongue; tongueless.</def>

<h1>Aglow</h1>
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<hw>A*glow"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>glow</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a glow; glowing; <as>as, cheeks <ex>aglow</ex>; the landscape all <ex>aglow</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Aglutition</h1>
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<hw>Ag`lu*ti"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + L. <ets>glutire</ets> to swallow.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inability to swallow.</def>

<h1>Agminal</h1>
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<hw>Ag"mi*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agminalis</ets>; <ets>agmen</ets>, <ets>agminis</ets>, a train.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to an army marching, or to a train.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Agminate, Agminated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ag"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ag"mi*na`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agmen</ets>, <ets>agminis</ets>, a train, crowd.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Grouped together; <as>as, the <ex>agminated</ex> glands of Peyer in the small intestine</as>.</def>

<h1>Agnail</h1>
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<hw>Ag"nail</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>angn\'91gl</ets>; <ets>ange</ets> vexation, trouble + <ets>n\'91gel</ets> nail. Cf. <er>Hangnail</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A corn on the toe or foot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inflammation or sore under or around the nail; also, a hangnail.</def>

<h1>Agnate</h1>
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<hw>Ag"nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agnatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>agnasci</ets> to be born in addition to; <ets>ad + nasci</ets> (for <ets>gnasci</ets>) to be born. Cf. <er>Adnate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Related or akin by the father's side; also, sprung from the same male ancestor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Allied; akin.</def> "<i>Agnate</i> words."

<i>Pownall.</i>

<blockquote>Assume more or less of a fictitious character, but congenial and <b>agnate</b> with the former.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agnate</h1>
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<hw>Ag"nate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>agnat</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>A relative whose relationship can be traced exclusively through males.</def>

<h1>Agnatic</h1>
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<hw>Ag*nat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>agnatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to descent by the male line of ancestors.</def> "The <i>agnatic</i> succession."

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Agnation</h1>
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<hw>Ag*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agnatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>agnation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>Consanguinity by a line of males only, as distinguished from <i>cognation</i>.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<hr>
<page="33">
Page 33<p>

<h1>Agnition</h1>
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<hw>Ag*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agnitio</ets>, fr. <ets>agnoscere</ets>. See <er>Notion</er>.]</ety> <def>Acknowledgment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Grafton.</i>

<h1>Agnize</h1>
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<hw>Ag*nize"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Formed like <ets>recognize</ets>, fr. L. <ets>agnoscere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To recognize; to acknowledge.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>I do <b>agnize</b> a natural and prompt alacrity.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agnoiolgy</h1>
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<hw>Ag`noi*ol"*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ignorance + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The doctrine concerning those things of which we are necessarily ignorant.</def>

<h1>Agnomen</h1>
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<hw>Ag*no"men</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.; <ets>ad + nomen</ets> name.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An additional or fourth name given by the Romans, or account of some remarkable exploit or event; <as>as, Publius Caius Scipio <ex>Africanus</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An additional name, or an epithet appended to a name; <as>as, Aristides <ex>the Just</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Agnominate</h1>
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<hw>Ag*nom"i*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To name.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Agnomination</h1>
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<hw>Ag*nom`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agnominatio</ets>. See <er>Agnomen</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A surname.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Minsheu.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Paronomasia; also, alliteration; annomination.</def>

<h1>Agnostic</h1>
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<hw>Ag*nos"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ knowing, <?/ to know.]</ety> <def>Professing ignorance; involving no dogmatic; pertaining to or involving agnosticism.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ag*nos"tic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Agnostic</h1>
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<hw>Ag*nos"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who professes ignorance, or denies that we have any knowledge, save of phenomena; one who supports agnosticism, neither affirming nor denying the existence of a personal Deity, a future life, etc.</def>

<h1>Agnosticism</h1>
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<hw>Ag*nos"ti*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That doctrine which, professing ignorance, neither asserts nor denies.</def>  Specifically: <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The doctrine that the existence of a personal Deity, an unseen world, etc., can be neither proved nor disproved, because of the necessary limits of the human mind (as sometimes charged upon Hamilton and Mansel), or because of the insufficiency of the evidence furnished by physical and physical data, to warrant a positive conclusion (as taught by the school of Herbert Spencer); -- opposed alike dogmatic skepticism and to dogmatic theism.</def>

<h1>Agnus</h1>
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<hw>Ag"nus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Agnuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>; L. <plw>Agni</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a lamb.]</ety> <def>Agnus Dei.</def>

<h1>Agnus castus</h1>
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<hw>Ag"nus cas"tus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ a willowlike tree, used at a religious festival; confused with <?/ holy, chaste.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of <spn>Vitex</spn> <spn>(V. agnus castus)</spn>; the chaste tree.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<blockquote>And wreaths of <b>agnus castus</b> others bore.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agnus Dei</h1>
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<hw>Ag"nus De"i</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., lamb of God.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A figure of a lamb bearing a cross or flag.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A cake of wax stamped with such a figure. It is made from the remains of the paschal candles and blessed by the Pope.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A triple prayer in the sacrifice of the Mass, beginning with the words "<i>Agnus Dei</i>."</def>

<h1>Ago</h1>
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<hw>A*go"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ago</ets>, <ets>agon</ets>, p. p. of <ets>agon</ets> to go away, pass by, AS. <ets>\'beg\'ben</ets> to pass away; <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, Ger. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>g\'ben</ets> to go. See <er>Go</er>.]</ety> <def>Past; gone by; since; <as>as, ten years <ex>ago</ex>; gone long <ex>ago</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Agog</h1>
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<hw>A*gog"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gogue</ets> fun, perhaps of Celtic origin.]</ety> <def>In eager desire; eager; astir.</def>

<blockquote>All <b>agog</b> to dash through thick and thin.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agoing</h1>
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<hw>A*go"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + p. pr. of <ets>go</ets>.]</ety> <def>In motion; in the act of going; <as>as, to set a mill <ex>agoing</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Agon</h1>
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<hw>Ag"on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Agones</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to lead.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A contest for a prize at the public games.</def>

<h1>Agone</h1>
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<hw>A*gone"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Ago.</def> <mark>[Archaic> & Poet.]</mark>

<blockquote>Three days <b>agone</b> I fell sick.
<i>1 Sam. xxx. 13.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agone</h1>
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<hw>A"gone</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Agonic</er>.]</ety> <def>Agonic line.</def>

<h1>Agonic</h1>
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<hw>A*gon"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without angles; <?/ priv. + <?/ an angle.]</ety> <def>Not forming an angle.</def>

<cs><col>Agonic line</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>an imaginary line on the earth's surface passing through those places where the magnetic needle points to the true north; the line of no magnetic variation. There is one such line in the Western hemisphere, and another in the Eastern hemisphere.</cd></cs>

<h1>Agonism</h1>
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<hw>Ag"o*nism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to contend for a prize, fr. <?/. See <er>Agon</er>.]</ety> <def>Contention for a prize; a contest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Agonist</h1>
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<hw>Ag"o*nist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>One who contends for the prize in public games.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Agonistic, Agonistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ag`o*nis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ag`o*nis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Agonism</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to violent contests, bodily or mental; pertaining to athletic or polemic feats; athletic; combative; hence, strained; unnatural.</def>

<blockquote>As a scholar, he [Dr. Parr] was brilliant, but he consumed his power in <b>agonistic</b> displays.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agonistically</h1>
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<hw>Ag`o*nis"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an agonistic manner.</def>

<h1>Agonistics</h1>
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<hw>Ag`o*nis"tics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of athletic combats, or contests in public games.</def>

<h1>Agonize</h1>
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<hw>Ag"o*nize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Agonized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Agonizing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>agoniser</ets>, LL. <ets>agonizare</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Agony</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To writhe with agony; to suffer violent anguish.</def>

<blockquote>To smart and <b>agonize</b> at every pore.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To struggle; to wrestle; to strive desperately.</def>

<h1>Agonize</h1>
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<hw>Ag"o*nize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to suffer agony; to subject to extreme pain; to torture.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>agonized</b> his mother by his behavior.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agonizingly</h1>
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<hw>Ag"o*ni`zing*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With extreme anguish or desperate struggles.</def>

<h1>Agonothete</h1>
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<hw>Ag"o*no*thete`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ to set. appoint.]</ety> <mark>[Antiq.]</mark> <def>An officer who presided over the great public games in Greece.</def>

<h1>Agonothetic</h1>
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<hw>Ag`o*no*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the office of an agonothete.</def>

<h1>Agony</h1>
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<hw>Ag"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Agonies</plw> (#)</plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>agonia</ets>, Gr. <?/, orig. a contest, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>agonie</ets>. See <er>Agon</er>.]<ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Violent contest or striving.</def>

<blockquote>The world is convulsed by the <b>agonies</b> of great nations.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pain so extreme as to cause writhing or contortions of the body, similar to those made in the athletic contests in Greece; and hence, extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; paroxysm of grief; specifically, the sufferings of Christ in the garden of Gethsemane.</def>

<blockquote>Being in an <b>agony</b> he prayed more earnestly.
<i>Luke xxii. 44.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Paroxysm of joy; keen emotion.</def>

<blockquote>With cries and <b>agonies</b> of wild delight.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The last struggle of life; death struggle.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Anguish; torment; throe; distress; pangs; suffering.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Agony</er>, <er>Anguish</er>, <er>Pang</er>. These words agree in expressing extreme pain of body or mind. <ets>Agony </ets>denotes acute and permanent pain, usually of the whole system., and often producing contortions. <ets>Anguish</ets> denotes severe pressure, and, considered as bodily suffering, is more commonly local (as <ets>anguish</ets> of a wound), thus differing from <ets>agony</ets>. A <ets>pang</ets> is a paroxysm of excruciating pain. It is severe and transient. The <ets>agonies</ets> or <ets>pangs</ets> of remorse; the <ets>anguish</ets> of a wounded conscience. "Oh, sharp convulsive <ets>pangs</ets> of <ets>agonizing</ets> pride!"</usage>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>A-good</h1>
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<hw>A-good</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>good</ets>.]</ety> <def>In earnest; heartily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "I made her weep <i>agood</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Agora</h1>
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<hw>Ag"o*ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>An assembly; hence, the place of assembly, especially the market place, in an ancient Greek city.</def>

<h1>Agouara</h1>
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<hw>A*gou"a*ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The crab-eating raccoon <spn>(Procyon cancrivorus)</spn>, found in the tropical parts of America.</def>

<h1>Agouta</h1>
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<hw>A*gou"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small insectivorous mammal <spn>(Solenodon paradoxus)</spn>, allied to the moles, found only in Hayti.</def>

<h1>Agouti, Agouty</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*gou"ti</hw>, <hw>A*gou"ty</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>agouti</ets>, <ets>acouti</ets>, Sp. <ets>aguti</ets>, fr. native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rodent of the genus <spn>Dasyprocta</spn>, about the size of a rabbit, peculiar to South America and the West Indies. The most common species is the <spn>Dasyprocta agouti</spn>.</def>

<h1>Agrace</h1>
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<hw>A*grace"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Aggrace</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Agraffe</h1>
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<hw>A*graffe"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>agrafe</ets>, formerly <ets>agraffe</ets>, OF. <ets>agrappe</ets>. See <er>Agrappes</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hook or clasp.</def>

<blockquote>The feather of an ostrich, fastened in her turban by an <b>agraffe</b> set with brilliants.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hook, eyelet, or other device by which a piano wire is so held as to limit the vibration.</def>

<h1>Agrammatist</h1>
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<hw>A*gram"ma*tist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ illiterate; <?/ priv. + <?/ letters, fr. <?/ to write.]</ety> <def>A illiterate person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Agraphia</h1>
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<hw>A*graph"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ to write.]</ety> <def>The absence or loss of the power of expressing ideas by written signs. It is one form of aphasia.</def>

<h1>Agraphic</h1>
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<hw>A*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by agraphia.</def>

<h1>Agrappes</h1>
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<hw>A*grappes"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>agrappe</ets>, F. <ets>agrafe</ets>; <ets>a + grappe</ets> (see <er>Grape</er>) fr. OHG. <ets>kr\'bepfo</ets> hook.]</ety> <def>Hooks and eyes for armor, etc.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Agrarian</h1>
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<hw>A*gra"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agrarius</ets>, fr. <ets>ager</ets> field.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to fields, or lands, or their tenure; esp., relating to am equal or equitable division of lands; <as>as, the <ex>agrarian</ex> laws of Rome, which distributed the conquered and other public lands among citizens</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His Grace's landed possessions are irresistibly inviting to an <b>agrarian</b> experiment.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Wild; -- said of plants growing in the fields.</def>

<h1>Agrarian</h1>
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<hw>A*gra"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One in favor of an equal division of landed property.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An agrarian law.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>An equal <b>agrarian</b> is perpetual law.
<i>Harrington.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agrarianism</h1>
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<hw>A*gra"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An equal or equitable division of landed property; the principles or acts of those who favor a redistribution of land.</def>

<h1>Agrarianize</h1>
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<hw>A*gra"ri*an*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To distribute according to, or to imbue with, the principles of agrarianism.</def>

<h1>Agre, Agree</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*gre"</hw>, <hw>A*gree"</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'85 gr\'82</ets>. See <er>Agree</er>.]</ety> <def>In good part; kindly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Agree</h1>
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<hw>A*gree"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Agreed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Agreeing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>agr\'82er</ets> to accept or receive kindly, fr. <ets>\'85 gr\'82</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>gr\'82</ets> good will, consent, liking, fr. L. <ets>gratus</ets> pleasing, agreeable. See <er>Grateful</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To harmonize in opinion, statement, or action; to be in unison or concord; to be or become united or consistent; to concur; <as>as, all parties <ex>agree</ex> in the expediency of the law</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If music and sweet poetry <b>agree</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their witness <b>agreed</b> not together.
<i>Mark xiv. 56.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The more you <b>agree</b> together, the less hurt can your enemies do you.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To yield assent; to accede; -- followed by <i>to</i>; <as>as, to <ex>agree</ex> to an offer, or to opinion</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make a stipulation by way of settling differences or determining a price; to exchange promises; to come to terms or to a common resolve; to promise.</def>

<blockquote><b>Agree</b> with thine adversary quickly.
<i>Matt. v. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Didst not thou <b>agree</b> with me for a penny ?
<i>Matt. xx. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be conformable; to resemble; to coincide; to correspond; <as>as, the picture does not <ex>agree</ex> with the original; the two scales <ex>agree</ex> exactly.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To suit or be adapted in its effects; to do well; <as>as, the same food does not <ex>agree</ex> with every constitution</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To correspond in gender, number, case, or person.</def>

<note>&hand; The auxiliary forms of <i>to be</i> are often employed with the participle <i>agreed</i>. "The jury <i>were agreed</i>." <i>Macaulay</i>. "Can two walk together, except they <i>be agreed</i> ?" <i>Amos iii. 3</i>. The principal intransitive uses were probably derived from the transitive verb used reflexively. "I <i>agree</i> me well to your desire."

<i>Ld. Berners.</i>
</note>

<syn>Syn. -- To assent; concur; consent; acquiesce; accede; engage; promise; stipulate; contract; bargain; correspond; harmonize; fit; tally; coincide; comport.</syn>

<h1>Agree</h1>
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<hw>A*gree"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make harmonious; to reconcile or make friends.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To admit, or come to one mind concerning; to settle; to arrange; <as>as, to <ex>agree</ex> the fact; to <ex>agree</ex> differences.</as></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Agreeability</h1>
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<hw>A*gree`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>agreablete</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Easiness of disposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of being, or making one's self, agreeable; agreeableness.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Agreeable</h1>
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<hw>A*gree"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>agr\'82able</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pleasing, either to the mind or senses; pleasant; grateful; <as>as, <ex>agreeable</ex> manners or remarks; an <ex>agreeable</ex> person; fruit <ex>agreeable</ex> to the taste.</as></def>

<blockquote>A train of <b>agreeable</b> reveries.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Willing; ready to agree or consent.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>These Frenchmen give unto the said captain of Calais a great sum of money, so that he will be but content and <b>agreeable</b> that they may enter into the said town.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Agreeing or suitable; conformable; correspondent; concordant; adapted; -- followed by <i>to</i>, rarely by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>That which is <b>agreeable</b> to the nature of one thing, is many times contrary to the nature of another.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In pursuance, conformity, or accordance; -- in this sense used adverbially for <i>agreeably</i>; <as>as, <ex>agreeable</ex> to the order of the day, the House took up the report</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Pleasing; pleasant; welcome; charming; acceptable; amiable. See <er>Pleasant</er>.</syn>

<h1>Agreeableness</h1>
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<hw>A*gree"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being agreeable or pleasing; that quality which gives satisfaction or moderate pleasure to the mind or senses.</def>

<blockquote>That author . . . has an <b>agreeableness</b> that charms us.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of being agreeable or suitable; suitableness or conformity; consistency.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>agreeableness</b> of virtuous actions to human nature.
<i>Pearce.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Resemblance; concordance; harmony; -- with <i>to</i> or <i>between</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>agreeableness</b> between man and the other parts of the universe.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agreeably</h1>
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<hw>A*gree"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an agreeably manner; in a manner to give pleasure; pleasingly.</def> "<i>Agreeably</i> entertained."

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In accordance; suitably; consistently; conformably; -- followed by <i>to</i> and rarely by <i>with</i>. See <er>Agreeable</er>, <er>4</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The effect of which is, that marriages grow less frequent, <b>agreeably</b> to the maxim above laid down.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Alike; similarly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Both clad in shepherds' weeds <b>agreeably</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agreeingly</h1>
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<hw>A*gree"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an agreeing manner (<i>to</i>); correspondingly; agreeably.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Agreement</h1>
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<hw>A*gree"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>agr\'82ment</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>State of agreeing; harmony of opinion, statement, action, or character; concurrence; concord; conformity; <as>as, a good <ex>agreement</ex> subsists among the members of the council</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What <b>agreement</b> hath the temple of God with idols ?
<i>2 Cor. vi. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Expansion and duration have this further <b>agreement</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Concord or correspondence of one word with another in gender, number, case, or person.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A concurrence in an engagement that something shall be done or omitted; an exchange of promises; mutual understanding, arrangement, or stipulation; a contract.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The language, oral or written, embodying reciprocal promises.</def>

<i>Abbott. Brande & C.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Bargain; contract; compact; stipulation.</syn>

<h1>Agreer</h1>
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<hw>A*gre"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who agrees.</def>

<h1>Agrestic</h1>
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<hw>A*gres"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agrestis</ets>, fr. <ets>ager</ets> field.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to fields or the country, in opposition to the city; rural; rustic; unpolished; uncouth.</def> "<i>Agrestic</i> behavior."

<i>Gregory.</i>

<h1>Agrestical</h1>
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<hw>A*gres"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Agrestic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Agricolation</h1>
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<hw>A*gric`o*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., <ets>agricolatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Agriculture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Agricolist</h1>
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<hw>A*gric"o*list</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cultivator of the soil; an agriculturist.</def>

<i>Dodsley.</i>

<h1>Agricultor</h1>
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<hw>Ag"ri*cul`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>ager</ets> field + <ets>cultor</ets> cultivator.]</ety> <def>An agriculturist; a farmer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Agricultural</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ri*cul"tur*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to agriculture; connected with, or engaged in, tillage; <as>as, the <ex>agricultural</ex> class; <ex>agricultural</ex> implements, wages, etc.</as></def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ag`ri*cul"tur*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Agricultural ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of ant which gathers and stores seeds of grasses, for food. The remarkable species <spn>(Myrmica barbata)</spn> found in Texas clears circular areas and carefully cultivates its favorite grain, known as ant rice.</cd></cs>

<h1>Agriculturalist</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ri*cul"tur*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An agriculturist (which is the preferred form.)</def>

<h1>Agriculture</h1>
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<hw>Ag"ri*cul`ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>agricultura</ets>; <ets>ager</ets> field + <ets>cultura</ets> cultivation: cf. F. <ets>agriculture</ets>. See <er>Acre</er> and <er>Culture</er>.]</ety> <def>The art or science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of crops, and the rearing and management of live stock; tillage; husbandry; farming.</def>

<h1>Agriculturism</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ri*cul"tur*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Agriculture.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Agriculturist</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ri*cul"tur*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One engaged or skilled in agriculture; a husbandman.</def>

<blockquote>The farmer is always a practitioner, the <b>agriculturist</b> may be a mere theorist.
<i>Crabb.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agrief</h1>
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<hw>A*grief"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>grief</ets>.]</ety> <def>In grief; amiss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Agrimony</h1>
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<hw>Ag"ri*mo*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>agremoyne</ets>, OF. <ets>aigremoine</ets>, L. <ets>agrimonia</ets> for <ets>argemonia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genus of plants of the Rose family.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The name is also given to various other plants; <as>as, hemp <ex>agrimony</ex> <spn>(Eupatorium cannabinum)</spn>; water <ex>agrimony</ex> (<spn>Bidens</spn>).</as></def>

<note>&hand; The <spn>Agrimonia eupatoria</spn>, or common agrimony, a perennial herb with a spike of yellow flowers, was once esteemed as a medical remedy, but is now seldom used.</note>

<hr>
<page="34">
Page 34<p>

<h1>Agrin</h1>
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<hw>A*grin"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>grin</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the act of grinning.</def> "His visage all <i>agrin</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Agriologist</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ri*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed or engaged in agriology.</def>

<h1>Agriology</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ri*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wild, savage + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Description or comparative study of the customs of savage or uncivilized tribes.</def>

<h1>Agrise</h1>
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<hw>A*grise"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'begr\'c6san</ets> to dread; <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, Ger. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>gr\'c6san</ets>, for <ets>gr<?/san</ets> (only in comp.), akin to OHG. <ets>gr<?/is<?/n</ets>, G. <ets>grausen</ets>, to shudder. See <er>Grisly</er>.]</ety> <def>To shudder with terror; to tremble with fear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Agrise</h1>
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<hw>A*grise"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shudder at; to abhor; to dread; to loathe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To terrify; to affright.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His manly face that did his foes <b>agrise</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Agrom</h1>
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<hw>A"grom</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease occurring in Bengal and other parts of the East Indies, in which the tongue chaps and cleaves.</def>

<h1>Agronomic, Agronomical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ag`ro*nom"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ag`ro*nom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>agronomique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to agronomy, of the management of farms.</def>

<h1>Agronomics</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ro*nom"ics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of the distribution and management of land.</def>

<h1>Agronomist</h1>
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<hw>A*gron"o*mist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in agronomy; a student of agronomy.</def>

<h1>Agronomy</h1>
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<hw>A*gron"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ rural; as a noun, an overseer of the public lands; <?/ field + <?/ usage, <?/ to deal out, manage: cf. F. <ets>agronomie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The management of land; rural economy; agriculture.</def>

<h1>Agrope</h1>
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<hw>A*grope"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>grope</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the act of groping.</def>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Agrostis</h1>
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<hw>A*gros"tis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A genus of grasses, including species called in common language <i>bent grass</i>. Some of them, as redtop (<spn>Agrostis vulgaris</spn>), are valuable pasture grasses.</def>

<h1>Agrostographic, Agrostographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*gros`to*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*gros`to*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>agrostographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to agrostography.</def>

<h1>Agrostography</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ros*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of the grasses.</def>

<h1>Agrostologic, Agrostological</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*gros`to*log"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*gros`to*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to agrostology.</def>

<h1>Agrostologist</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ros*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in agrostology.</def>

<h1>Agrostology</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ros*tol"ogy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of botany which treats of the grasses.</def>

<h1>Aground</h1>
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<hw>A*ground"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>ground</ets>.]</ety> <def>On the ground; stranded; -- a nautical term applied to a ship when its bottom lodges on the ground.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Agroupment</h1>
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<hw>A*group"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Aggroupment</er>.</def>

<h1>Agrypnotic</h1>
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<hw>Ag`ryp*not"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sleepless; <?/ to chase, search for + <?/ sleep: cf. F. <ets>agrypnotique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anything which prevents sleep, or produces wakefulness, as strong tea or coffee.</def>

<h1>Aguardiente</h1>
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<hw>A`guar*di*en"te</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., contr. of <ets>agua ardiente</ets> burning water (L. <ets>aqua</ets> water + <ets>ardens</ets> burning).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A inferior brandy of Spain and Portugal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A strong alcoholic drink, especially pulque.</def> <mark>[Mexico and Spanish America.]</mark>

<h1>Ague</h1>
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<hw>A"gue</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>agu</ets>, <ets>ague</ets>, OF. <ets>agu</ets>, F. <ets>aigu</ets>, sharp, OF. fem. <ets>ague</ets>, LL. (febris) <ets>acuta</ets>, a sharp, acute fever, fr. L. <ets>acutus</ets> sharp. See <er>Acute</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An acute fever.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Brenning <i>agues</i>."

<i>P. Plowman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An intermittent fever, attended by alternate cold and hot fits.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The cold fit or rigor of the intermittent fever; <as>as, fever and <ex>ague</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A chill, or state of shaking, as with cold.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<cs><col>Ague cake</col>, <cd>an enlargement of the spleen produced by ague.</cd> -- <col>Ague drop</col>, <cd>a solution of the arsenite of potassa used for ague.</cd> -- <col>Ague fit</col>, <cd>a fit of the ague. <i>Shak.</i></cd> -- <col>Ague spell</col>, <cd>a spell or charm against ague. <i>Gay<i>.</cd> -- <col>Ague tree</col>, <cd>the sassafras, -- sometimes so called from the use of its root formerly, in cases of ague. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Ague</h1>
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<hw>A"gue</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Agued</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To strike with an ague, or with a cold fit.</def>

<i>Heywood.</i>

<h1>Aguilt</h1>
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<hw>A*guilt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To be guilty of; to offend; to sin against; to wrong.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aguise</h1>
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<hw>A*guise"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Aguise</h1>
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<hw>A*guise"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>guise</ets>.]</ety> <def>To dress; to attire; to adorn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Above all knights ye goodly seem <b>aguised</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aguish</h1>
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<hw>A"gu*ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the qualities of an ague; somewhat cold or shivering; chilly; shaky.</def>

<blockquote>Her <b>aguish</b> love now glows and burns.
<i>Granville.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Productive of, or affected by, ague; <as>as, the <ex>aguish</ex> districts of England</as>.</def>

<i>T. Arnold.</i>

<wordforms><wf>A"gu*ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Agush</h1>
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<hw>A*gush"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>gush</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a gushing state.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Agynous</h1>
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<hw>Ag"y*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ woman.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Without female organs; male.</def>

<h1>Ah</h1>
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<hw>Ah</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>a</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>a</ets>, F. <ets>ah</ets>, L. <ets>ah</ets>, Gr. <?/, Sk. <ets>\'be</ets>, Icel. \'91, OHG. <ets>\'be</ets>, Lith. <ets>\'a0</ets>, <ets>\'a0\'a0</ets>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation, expressive of surprise, pity, complaint, entreaty, contempt, threatening, delight, triumph, etc., according to the manner of utterance.</def>

<h1>Aha</h1>
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<hw>A*ha"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ah</ets>, interj. + <ets>ha</ets>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation expressing, by different intonations, triumph, mixed with derision or irony, or simple surprise.</def>

<h1>Aha</h1>
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<hw>A*ha"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sunk fence. See <er>Ha-ha</er>.</def>

<i>Mason.</i>

<h1>Ahead</h1>
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<hw>A*head"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>head</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In or to the front; in advance; onward.</def>

<blockquote>The island bore but a little <b>ahead</b> of us.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Headlong; without restraint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<cs><col>To go ahead</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To go in advance.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To go on onward.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To push on in an enterprise.</cd> <mark>[Colloq]</mark> -- <col>To get ahead of</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To get in advance of.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To surpass; to get the better of.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Aheap</h1>
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<hw>A*heap"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>heap</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a heap; huddled together.</def>

<i>Hood.</i>

<h1>Aheight</h1>
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<hw>A*height"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>height</ets>.]</ety> <def>Aloft; on high.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Look up <i>aheight</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ahem</h1>
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<hw>A*hem"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>An exclamation to call one's attention; hem.</def>

<h1>Ahey</h1>
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<hw>A*hey"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>Hey; ho.</def>

<h1>Ahigh</h1>
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<hw>A*high"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>On high.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ahold</h1>
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<hw>A*hold"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>hold</ets>.]</ety> <def>Near the wind; <as>as, to lay a ship <ex>ahold</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ahorseback</h1>
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<hw>A*horse"back</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>On horseback.</def>

<blockquote>Two suspicious fellows <b>ahorseback</b>.
<i>Smollet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ahoy</h1>
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<hw>A*hoy"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[OE. a, interj. + <ets>hoy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A term used in hailing; <as>as, "Ship <ex>ahoy</ex></as>."</def>

<h1>Ahriman</h1>
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<hw>Ah"ri*man</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per.]</ety> <def>The Evil Principle or Being of the ancient Persians; the Prince of Darkness as opposer to <i>Ormuzd</i>, the King of Light.</def>

<h1>Ahu</h1>
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<hw>A"hu</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Asiatic gazelle.</def>

<h1>Ahull</h1>
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<hw>A*hull"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>hull</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>With the sails furled, and the helm lashed alee; -- applied to ships in a storm. See <er>Hull</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Ahungered</h1>
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<hw>A*hun"gered</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>hungered</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pinched with hunger; very hungry.</def>

<i>C. Bront\'82.</i>

<h1>Ai</h1>
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<hw>A"i</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ais</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Braz. <ets>a\'8b</ets>, <ets>ha\'8b</ets>, from the animal's cry: cf. F. <ets>a\'8b</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The three-toed sloth <spn>(Bradypus tridactylus)</spn> of South America. See <er>Sloth</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Aiblins, Ablins</h1>
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<hw>Ai"blins</hw>, <hw>A"blins</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Able</er>.]</ety> <def>Perhaps; possibly.</def> <mark>[Scotch]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Aich's metal</h1>
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<hw>Aich's met"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A kind of gun metal, containing copper, zinc, and iron, but no tin.</def>

<h1>Aid</h1>
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<hw>Aid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aided</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aiding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>aider</ets>, OF. <ets>aidier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adjutare</ets> to help, freq. of <ets>adjuvare</ets> to help; <ets>ad + juvare</ets> to help. Cf. <er>Adjutant</er>.]</ety> <def>To support, either by furnishing strength or means in co\'94peration to effect a purpose, or to prevent or to remove evil; to help; to assist.</def>

<blockquote>You speedy helpers . . .
Appear and <b>aid</b> me in this enterprise.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To help; assist; support; sustain; succor; relieve; befriend; co\'94perate; promote. See <er>Help</er>.</syn>

<h1>Aid</h1>
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<hw>Aid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aide</ets>, OF. <ets>a\'8bde</ets>, <ets>a\'8be</ets>, fr. the verb. See <er>Aid</er>, <ets>v. t</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Help; succor; assistance; relief.</def>

<blockquote>An unconstitutional mode of obtaining <b>aid</b>.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The person or thing that promotes or helps in something done; a helper; an assistant.</def>

<blockquote>It is not good that man should be alone; let us make unto him an <b>aid</b> like unto himself.
<i>Tobit viii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>A subsidy granted to the king by Parliament; also, an exchequer loan.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>A pecuniary tribute paid by a vassal to his lord on special occasions.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An aid-de-camp, so called by abbreviation; <as>as, a general's <ex>aid</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Aid prayer</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a proceeding by which a defendant beseeches and claims assistance from some one who has a further or more permanent interest in the matter in suit.</cd> -- <col>To pray in aid</col>, <cd>to beseech and claim such assistance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aidance</h1>
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<hw>Aid"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>aidance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Aid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Aidance</b> 'gainst the enemy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aidant</h1>
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<hw>Aid"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aidant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>aider</ets> to help.]</ety> <def>Helping; helpful; supplying aid.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Aid-de-camp</h1>
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<hw>Aid"-de-camp`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aids-de-camp</plw>. <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>aide de camp</ets> (literally) camp assistant.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An officer selected by a general to carry orders, also to assist or represent him in correspondence and in directing movements.</def>

<h1>Aider</h1>
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<hw>Aid"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, aids.</def>

<h1>Aidful</h1>
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<hw>Aid"ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Helpful.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Aidless</h1>
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<hw>Aid"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Helpless; without aid.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Aid-major</h1>
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<hw>Aid"-ma`jor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The adjutant of a regiment.</def>

<h1>Aiel</h1>
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<hw>Ai"el</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ayle</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aiglet</h1>
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<hw>Aig"let</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Aglet</er>.</def>

<h1>Aigre</h1>
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<hw>Ai"gre</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Eager</er>.]</ety> <def>Sour.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Aigremore</h1>
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<hw>Ai"gre*more</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. origin unknown.]</ety> <def>Charcoal prepared for making powder.</def>

<h1>Aigret, Aigrette</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ai"gret</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ai*grette</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a sort of white heron, with a tuft of feathers on its head; a tuft of feathers; dim. of the same word as <ets>heron</ets>. See <er>Heron</er>, and cf. <er>Egret</er>, <er>Egrette</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The small white European heron. See <er>Egret</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A plume or tuft for the head composed of feathers, or of gems, etc.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A tuft like that of the egret</def>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A feathery crown of seed; egret; <as>as, the <ex>aigrette</ex> or down of the dandelion or the thistle</as>.</def>

<h1>Aiguille</h1>
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<hw>Ai`guille"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a needle. See <er>Aglet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A needle-shaped peak.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument for boring holes, used in blasting.</def>

<h1>Aiguillette</h1>
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<hw>Ai`guil*lette"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Aglet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A point or tag at the end of a fringe or lace; an aglet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the ornamental tags, cords, or loops on some military and naval uniforms.</def>

<h1>Aigulet</h1>
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<hw>Ai"gu*let</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Aglet</er>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Ail</h1>
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<hw>Ail</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ailed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ailing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>eilen</ets>, <ets>ailen</ets>, AS. <ets>eglan</ets> to trouble, pain; akin to Goth. us-<ets>agljan</ets> to distress, <ets>agls</ets> troublesome, irksome, <ets>aglo</ets>, <ets>aglitha</ets>, pain, and prob. to E. <ets>awe</ets>. <?/.]</ety> <def>To affect with pain or uneasiness, either physical or mental; to trouble; to be the matter with; -- used to express some uneasiness or affection, whose cause is unknown; <as>as, what <ex>ails</ex> the man? I know not what <ex>ails</ex> him</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What <b>aileth</b> thee, Hagar?
<i>Gen. xxi. 17.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; It is never used to express a specific disease. We do not say, a fever <i>ails</i> him; but, something <i>ails</i> him.</note>

<h1>Ail</h1>
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<hw>Ail</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be affected with pain or uneasiness of any sort; to be ill or indisposed or in trouble.</def>

<blockquote>When he <b>ails</b> ever so little . . . he is so peevish.
<i>Richardson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ail</h1>
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<hw>Ail</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Indisposition or morbid affection.</def>

<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ailanthus</h1>
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<hw>Ai*lan"thus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ailantus</er>.</def>

<h1>Ailantus</h1>
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<hw>Ai*lan"tus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>aylanto</ets>, i. e., tree of heaven, the name of the tree in the Moluccas.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of beautiful trees, natives of the East Indies. The tree imperfectly di<?/cious, and the staminate or male plant is very offensive when blossom.</def>

<h1>Ailette</h1>
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<hw>Ai*lette</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ailette</ets>, dim. of <ets>aile</ets> wing, L. <ets>ala</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small square shield, formerly worn on the shoulders of knights, -- being the prototype of the modern epaulet.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Ailment</h1>
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<hw>Ail"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Indisposition; morbid affection of the body; -- not applied ordinarily to acute diseases.</def> "Little <i>ailments</i>."

<i>Landsdowne.</i>

<h1>Ailuroidea</h1>
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<hw>Ai`lu*roid"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ cat + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of the Carnivora, which includes the cats, civets, and hyenas.</def>

<h1>Aim</h1>
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<hw>Aim</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aimed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aiming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>amen</ets>, <ets>aimen</ets>, <ets>eimen</ets>, to guess at, to estimate, to aim, OF. <ets>esmer</ets>, <ets>asmer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aestimare</ets> to estimate; or perh. fr. OF. <ets>aesmer</ets>; <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>esmer</ets>. See <er>Estimate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To point or direct a missile weapon, or a weapon which propels as missile, towards an object or spot with the intent of hitting it; <as>as, to <ex>aim</ex> at a fox, or at a target</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To direct the indention or purpose; to attempt the accomplishment of a purpose; to try to gain; to endeavor; -- followed by <i>at</i>, or by an infinitive; <as>as, to <ex>aim</ex> at distinction; to <ex>aim</ex> to do well.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Aim'st</b> thou at princes?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To guess or conjecture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Aim</h1>
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<hw>Aim</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To direct or point, as a weapon, at a particular object; to direct, as a missile, an act, or a proceeding, at, to, or against an object; <as>as, to <ex>aim</ex> a musket or an arrow, the fist or a blow (<ex>at</ex> something); to <ex>aim</ex> a satire or a reflection (<ex>at</ex> some person or vice).</as></def>

<h1>Aim</h1>
<Xpage=34>

<hw>Aim</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>esme</ets> estimation, fr. <ets>esmer</ets>. See <er>Aim</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The pointing of a weapon, as a gun, a dart, or an arrow, in the line of direction with the object intended to be struck; the line of fire; the direction of anything, as a spear, a blow, a discourse, a remark, towards a particular point or object, with a view to strike or affect it.</def>

<blockquote>Each at the head leveled his deadly <b>aim</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The point intended to be hit, or object intended to be attained or affected.</def>

<blockquote>To be the <b>aim</b> of every dangerous shot.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Intention; purpose; design; scheme.</def>

<blockquote>How oft ambitious <b>aims</b> are crossed!
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Conjecture; guess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What you would work me to, I have some <b>aim</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To cry aim</col> <fld>(Archery)</fld>, <cd>to encourage.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>
</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- End; object; scope; drift; design; purpose; intention; scheme; tendency; aspiration.</syn>

<h1>Aimer</h1>
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<hw>Aim"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who aims, directs, or points.</def>

<h1>Aimless</h1>
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<hw>Aim"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without aim or purpose; <as>as, an <ex>aimless</ex> life</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Aim"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Aim"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Aino</h1>
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<hw>Ai"no</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Said to be the native name for man.]</ety> <def>One of a peculiar race inhabiting Yesso, the Kooril Islands etc., in the northern part of the empire of Japan, by some supposed to have been the progenitors of the Japanese. The Ainos are stout and short, with hairy bodies.</def>

<h1>Ain't</h1>
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<hw>Ain't</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A contraction for <i>are not</i> and <i>am not</i>; also used for <i>is not</i>. <mark>[Colloq. or llliterate speech]</mark>. See <er>An't</er>.</def>

<h1>Air</h1>
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<hw>Air</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>air</ets>, <ets>eir</ets>, F. <ets>air</ets>, L. <ets>a\'89r</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, air, mist, for <?/, fr. root <?/ to blow, breathe, probably akin to E. <ets>wind</ets>. In sense 10 the French has taking a meaning fr. It. <ets>aria</ets> atmosphere, air, fr. the same Latin word; and in senses 11, 12, 13 the French meaning is either fr. L. <ets>aria</ets>, or due to confusion with F. <ets>aire</ets>, in an older sense of origin, descent. Cf. <er>A<?/ry</er>, <er>Debonair</er>, <er>Malaria</er>, <er>Wind</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fluid which we breathe, and which surrounds the earth; the atmosphere. It is invisible, inodorous, insipid, transparent, compressible, elastic, and ponderable.</def>

<note>&hand; By the ancient philosophers, <i>air</i> was regarded as an element; but modern science has shown that it is essentially a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, with a small amount of carbon dioxide, the average proportions being, by volume: oxygen, 20.96 per cent.; nitrogen, 79.00 per cent.; carbon dioxide, 0.04 per cent. These proportions are subject to a very slight variability. Air also always contains some vapor of water.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Symbolically: Something unsubstantial, light, or volatile.</def> "Charm ache with <i>air</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He was still all <b>air</b> and fire. <i>Macaulay</i></blockquote>. [<b>Air</b> and <b>fire</b> being the finer and quicker elements as opposed to <b>earth</b> and <b>water</b>.]

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A particular state of the atmosphere, as respects heat, cold, moisture, etc., or as affecting the sensations; <as>as, a smoky <ex>air</ex>, a damp <ex>air</ex>, the morning <ex>air</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any a\'89riform body; a gas; <as>as, oxygen was formerly called vital <ex>air</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Air in motion; a light breeze; a gentle wind.</def>

<blockquote>Let vernal <b>airs</b> through trembling osiers play.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Odoriferous or contaminated air.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>That which surrounds and influences.</def>

<blockquote>The keen, the wholesome <b>air</b> of poverty.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Utterance abroad; publicity; vent.</def>

<blockquote>You gave it <b>air</b> before me.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Intelligence; information.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A musical idea, or <i>motive</i>, rhythmically developed in consecutive single tones, so as to form a symmetrical and balanced whole, which may be sung by a single voice to the stanzas of a hymn or song, or even to plain prose, or played upon an instrument; a melody; a tune; an aria.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In harmonized chorals, psalmody, part songs, etc., the part which bears the tune or melody -- in modern harmony usually the upper part -- is sometimes called the <i>air</i>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>The peculiar look, appearance, and bearing of a person; mien; demeanor; <as>as, the <ex>air</ex> of a youth; a heavy <ex>air</ex>; a lofty <ex>air</ex>.</as></def>  "His very <i>air</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>Peculiar appearance; apparent character; semblance; manner; style.</def>

<blockquote>It was communicated with the <b>air</b> of a secret.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An artificial or affected manner; show of pride or vanity; haughtiness; <as>as, it is said of a person, he puts on <ex>airs</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<hr>
<page="35">
Page 35<p>

<p><b>14.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The representation or reproduction of the effect of the atmospheric medium through which every object in nature is viewed.</def> <i>New Am. Cyc</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Carriage; attitude; action; movement; <as>as, the head of that portrait has a good <ex>air</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<p><b>15.</b> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>The artificial motion or carriage of a horse.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Air</i> is much used adjectively or as the first part of a compound term. In most cases it might be written indifferently, as a separate limiting word, or as the first element of the compound term, with or without the hyphen; as, <i>air</i> bladder, <i>air</i>-bladder, or <i>air</i>bladder; <i>air</i> cell, <i>air</i>-cell, or <i>air</i>cell; <i>air</i>-pump, or <i>air</i>pump.</note>

<cs><col>Air balloon<col>. <cd>See <er>Balloon</er>. </cd> -- <col>Air bath</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> An apparatus for the application of air to the body. <sd>(b)</sd> An arrangement for drying substances in air of any desired temperature.</cd> -- <col>Air castle<col>.  <cd>See <er>Castle in the air</er>, under <er>Castle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Air compressor</col>, <cd>a machine for compressing air to be used as a motive power.</cd> -- <col>Air crossing</col>, <cd>a passage for air in a mine.</cd> -- <col>Air cushion</col>, <cd>an air-tight cushion which can be inflated; also, a device for arresting motion without shock by confined air.</cd> -- <col>Air fountain</col>, <cd>a contrivance for producing a jet of water by the force of compressed air.</cd> -- <col>Air furnace</col>, <cd>a furnace which depends on a natural draft and not on blast.</cd> -- <col>Air line</col>, <cd>a straight line; a bee line.</cd> Hence <col>Air-line</col>, <tt>adj.</tt>; <cd><as>as, <ex>air-line</ex> road</as>.</cd> -- <col>Air lock</col> <fld>(Hydr. Engin.)</fld>, <cd>an intermediate chamber between the outer air and the compressed-air chamber of a pneumatic caisson.</cd> <i>Knight.</i>  -- <col>Air port</col> <fld>(Nav.)</fld>, <cd>a scuttle or porthole in a ship to admit air.</cd> -- <col>Air spring</col>, <cd>a spring in which the elasticity of air is utilized.</cd> -- <col>Air thermometer</col>, <cd>a form of thermometer in which the contraction and expansion of air is made to measure changes of temperature.</cd> -- <col>Air threads</col>, <cd>gossamer.</cd> -- <col>Air trap</col>, <cd>a contrivance for shutting off foul air or gas from drains, sewers, etc.; a stench trap.</cd> -- <col>Air trunk</col>, <cd>a pipe or shaft for conducting foul or heated air from a room.</cd> -- <col>Air valve</col>, <cd>a valve to regulate the admission or egress of air; esp. a valve which opens inwardly in a steam boiler and allows air to enter.</cd> -- <col>Air way</col>, <cd>a passage for a current of air; as the <i>air way</i> of an air pump; an <i>air way</i> in a mine.</cd> -- <col>In the air</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Prevalent without traceable origin or authority, as rumors.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Not in a fixed or stable position; unsettled.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>Unsupported and liable to be turned or taken in flank; as, the army had its wing <i>in the air</i>.</cd> -- <col>To take air</col>, <cd>to be divulged; to be made public.</cd> -- <col>To take the air</col>, <cd>to go abroad; to walk or ride out.</cd></cs>

<h1>Air</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Air</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aired</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Airing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Air</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>A<?/rate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To expose to the air for the purpose of cooling, refreshing, or purifying; to ventilate; <as>as, to <ex>air</ex> a room</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It were good wisdom . . . that the jail were <b>aired</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Were you but riding forth to <b>air</b> yourself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To expose for the sake of public notice; to display ostentatiously; <as>as, to <ex>air</ex> one's opinion</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Airing</b> a snowy hand and signet gem.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To expose to heat, for the purpose of expelling dampness, or of warming; <as>as, to <ex>air</ex> linen; to <ex>air</ex> liquors.</as></def>

<h1>Air bed</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Air" bed`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A sack or matters inflated with air, and used as a bed.</def>

<h1>Air bladder</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Air" blad`der</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An air sac, sometimes double or variously lobed, in the visceral cavity of many fishes. It originates in the same way as the lungs of air-breathing vertebrates, and in the adult may retain a tubular connection with the pharynx or esophagus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sac or bladder full of air in an animal or plant; also an air hole in a casting.</def>

<h1>Air brake</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Air" brake`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>.  <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A railway brake operated by condensed air.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Air-built</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Air"-built`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Erected in the air; having no solid foundation; chimerical; <as>as, an <ex>air</ex>-<ex>built</ex> castle</as>.</def>

<h1>Air cell</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Air" cell`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A cavity in the cellular tissue of plants, containing air only.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A receptacle of air in various parts of the system; as, a cell or minute cavity in the walls of the air tubes of the lungs; the air sac of birds; a dilatation of the air vessels in insects.</def>

<h1>Air chamber</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Air" cham`ber</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chamber or cavity filled with air, in an animal or plant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cavity containing air to act as a spring for equalizing the flow of a liquid in a pump or other hydraulic machine.</def>

<h1>Air cock</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Air" cock`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A faucet to allow escape of air.</def>

<h1>Air-drawn</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Air"-drawn"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Drawn in air; imaginary.</def>

<blockquote>This is the <b>air</b>-<b>drawn</b> dagger.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Air drill</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Air" drill`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A drill driven by the elastic pressure of condensed air; a pneumatic drill.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Air engine</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Air" engine`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> An engine driven by heated or by compressed air.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Airer</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Air"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who exposes to the air.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A frame on which clothes are aired or dried.</def>

<h1>Air gas</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Air" gas`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> See under <er>Gas</er>.</def>

<h1>Air gun</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Air" gun`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A kind of gun in which the elastic force of condensed air is used to discharge the ball. The air is powerfully compressed into a reservoir attached to the gun, by a condensing pump, and is controlled by a valve actuated by the trigger.</def>

<-- airhead -->

<h1>Air hole</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Air" hole`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hole to admit or discharge air; specifically, a spot in the ice not frozen over.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A fault in a casting, produced by a bubble of air; a blowhole.</def>

<h1>Airily</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Air"i*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an airy manner; lightly; gaily; jauntily; fippantly.</def>

<h1>Airiness</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Air"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being airy; openness or exposure to the air; <as>as, the <ex>airiness</ex> of a country seat</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lightness of spirits; gayety; levity; <as>as, the <ex>airiness</ex> of young persons</as>.</def>

<h1>Airing</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Air"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A walk or a ride in the open air; a short excursion for health's sake.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An exposure to air, or to a fire, for warming, drying, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>airing</ex> of linen, or of a room</as>.</def>

<h1>Air jacket</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Air" jack`et</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A jacket having air-tight cells, or cavities which can be filled with air, to render persons buoyant in swimming.</def>

<h1>Airless</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Air"less</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not open to a free current of air; wanting fresh air, or communication with the open air.</def>

<h1>Air level</h1>
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<hw>Air" lev`el</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> Spirit level. See <er>Level</er>.</def>

<h1>Airlike</h1>
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<hw>Air"like`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling air.</def>

<h1>Airling</h1>
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<hw>Air"ling</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thoughtless, gay person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Slight <i>airlings</i>."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Airometer</h1>
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<hw>Air*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Air</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hollow cylinder to contain air. It is closed above and open below, and has its open end plunged into water.</def>

<h1>Air pipe</h1>
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<hw>Air" pipe`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A pipe for the passage of air; esp. a ventilating pipe.</def>

<h1>Air plant</h1>
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<hw>Air" plant`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>.  <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant deriving its sustenance from the air alone; an a\'89rophyte.</def>

<note>&hand; The "Florida moss" <spn>(Tillandsia)</spn>, many tropical orchids, and most mosses and lichens are air plants. Those which are lodged upon trees, but not parasitic on them, are <i>epiphytes</i>.</note>

<h1>Air poise</h1>
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<hw>Air" poise`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>.  <ety>[See <er>Poise</er>.]</ety> <def>A<?/ <?/ measure the weight of air.</def>

<h1>Air pump</h1>
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<hw>Air" pump`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A kind of pump for exhausting air from a vessel or closed space; also, a pump to condense air of force in into a closed space.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Steam Engines)</fld> <def>A pump used to exhaust from a condenser the condensed steam, the water used for condensing, and any commingled air.</def>

<h1>Air sac</h1>
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<hw>Air" sac`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>.  <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the spaces in different parts. of the bodies of birds, which are filled with air and connected with the air passages of the lungs; an air cell.</def>

<h1>Air shaft</h1>
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<hw>Air" shaft`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A passage, usually vertical, for admitting fresh air into a mine or a tunnel.</def>

<h1>Air-slacked</h1>
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<hw>Air"-slacked`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Slacked, or pulverized, by exposure to the air; <as>as, <ex>air</ex>-<ex>slacked</ex> lime</as>.</def>

<h1>Air stove</h1>
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<hw>Air" stove`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A stove for heating a current of air which is directed against its surface by means of pipes, and then distributed through a building.</def>

<h1>Air-tight</h1>
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<hw>Air"-tight`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>So tight as to be impermeable to air; <as>as, an <ex>air</ex>-<ex>tight</ex> cylinder</as>.</def>

<h1>Air-tight</h1>
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<hw>Air"-tight`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stove the draft of which can be almost entirely shut off.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Air vessel</h1>
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<hw>Air" ves`sel</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A vessel, cell, duct, or tube containing or conducting air; as the <i>air vessels</i> of insects, birds, plants, etc.; the <i>air vessel</i> of a pump, engine, etc. For the latter, see <er>Air chamber</er>. The <i>air vessels</i> of insects are called <i>trache\'91</i>, of plants <i>spiral vessels</i>.</def>

<h1>Airward, Airwards</h1>
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<hw><hw>Air"ward</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Air"wards</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Toward the air; upward.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Airy</h1>
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<hw>Air"y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of air; <as>as, an <ex>airy</ex> substance; the <ex>airy</ex> parts of bodies.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating or belonging to air; high in air; a\'89rial; <as>as, an <ex>airy</ex> flight</as>.</def> "The <i>airy</i> region."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Open to a free current of air; exposed to the air; breezy; <as>as, an <ex>airy</ex> situation</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Resembling air; thin; unsubstantial; not material; airlike.</def> "An <i>airy</i> spirit."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Relating to the spirit or soul; delicate; graceful; <as>as, <ex>airy</ex> music</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Without reality; having no solid foundation; empty; trifling; visionary.</def> "<i>Airy</i> fame."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Empty sound, and <b>airy</b> notions.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Light of heart; vivacious; sprightly; flippant; superficial.</def> "Merry and <i>airy</i>."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Having an affected manner; being in the habit of putting on airs; affectedly grand.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Having the light and a\'89rial tints true to nature.</def>

<i>Elmes.</i>

<h1>Aisle</h1>
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<hw>Aisle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ele</ets>, F. <ets>aile</ets>, wing, wing of a building, L. <ets>ala</ets>, contr. fr. <ets>axilla</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A lateral division of a building, separated from the middle part, called the nave, by a row of columns or piers, which support the roof or an upper wall containing windows, called the clearstory wall.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Improperly used also for the have; -- as in the phrases, a church with three <i>aisles</i>, the middle <i>aisle</i>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Also (perhaps from confusion with <i>alley</i>), a passage into which the pews of a church open.</def>

<h1>Aisled</h1>
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<hw>Aisled</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with an aisle or aisles.</def>

<h1>Aisless</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Ais"less</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without an aisle.</def>

<h1>Ait</h1>
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<hw>Ait</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <?/, <?/, perh. dim. of <ets>\'c6eg</ets>, <ets>\'c6g</ets>, island. See <er>Eyot</er>.]</ety> <def>An islet, or little isle, in a river or lake; an eyot.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>ait</b> where the osiers grew.
<i>R. Hodges (1649).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Among green <b>aits</b> and meadows.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ait</h1>
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<hw>Ait</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Oat.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Aitch</h1>
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<hw>Aitch</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The letter <i>h</i> or <i>H</i>.</def>

<h1>Aitchbone</h1>
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<hw>Aitch"bone`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>nachebone</ets>. For loss of <ets>n</ets>, cf. <er>Adder</er>. See <er>Natch</er>.]</ety> <def>The bone of the rump; also, the cut of beef surrounding this bone.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>edgebone</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Aitiology</h1>
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<hw>Ai`ti*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>\'92tiology</er>.</def>

<h1>Ajar</h1>
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<hw>A*jar"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>on char</ets> ajar, on the turn; AS. <ets>cerr</ets>, <ets>cyrr</ets>, turn, akin to G. <ets>kehren</ets> to turn, and to D. <ets>akerre</ets>. See <er>Char</er>.]</ety> <def>Slightly turned or opened; <as>as, the door was standing <ex>ajar</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Ajar</h1>
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<hw>A*jar"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>jar</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a state of discord; out of harmony; <as>as, he is <er>ajar</er> with the world</as>.</def>

<h1>Ajog</h1>
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<hw>A*jog"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>jog</ets>.]</ety> <def>On the jog.</def>

<h1>Ajutage</h1>
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<hw>Aj"u*tage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ajutage</ets>, for <ets>ajoutage</ets>, fr. <ets>ajouter</ets> to add, LL. <ets>adjuxtare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + juxta</ets> near to, nigh. Cf. <er>Adjutage</er>, <er>Adjustage</er>, <er>Adjust</er>.]</ety> <def>A tube through which is water is discharged; an efflux tube; <as>as, the <ex>ajutage</ex> of a fountain</as>.</def>

<h1>Ake</h1>
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<hw>Ake</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Ache</er>.</def>

<h1>Akene</h1>
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<hw>A*kene"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Achene</er>.</def>

<h1>Aketon</h1>
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<hw>Ak"e*ton</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Acton</er>.</def>

<h1>Akimbo</h1>
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<hw>A*kim"bo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Etymology unknown. Cf. <er>Kimbo</er>.]</ety> <def>With a crook or bend; with the hand on the hip and elbow turned outward.</def> "With one arm <i>akimbo</i>."

<i>Irving.</i>

<h1>Akin</h1>
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<hw>A*kin"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> (for <ets>of</ets>) + <ets>kin</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of the same kin; related by blood; -- used of persons; <as>as, the two families are near <ex>akin</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Allied by nature; partaking of the same properties; of the same kind.</def> "A joy <i>akin</i> to rapture."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>The literary character of the work is <b>akin</b> to its moral character.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This adjective is used only after the noun.</note>

<h1>Akinesia</h1>
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<hw>Ak`i*ne"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ quiescence; <?/ priv. + <?/ motion.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Paralysis of the motor nerves; loss of movement.</def>

<i>Foster.</i>

<h1>Akinesic</h1>
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<hw>Ak`i*ne"sic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to akinesia.</def>

<h1>Aknee</h1>
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<hw>A*knee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>On the knee.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Aknow</h1>
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<hw>Ak*now"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> Earlier form of <er>Acknow</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>To be aknow</col>, <cd>to acknowledge; to confess. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Al</h1>
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<hw>Al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>All.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Al-</h1>
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<hw>Al-</hw>. <tt>A prefix.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <ety>[AS. <ets>eal</ets>.]</ety> <def>All; wholly; completely; <as>as, <ex>al</ex>mighty,<ex>al</ex>most</as>.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <ety>[L. <ets>ad</ets>.]</ety> <def>To; at; on; -- in OF. shortened to <i>a</i>-. See <er>Ad-</er>.</def>  <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The Arabic definite article answering to the English <it>the</it>; <as>as, <ex>Al</ex>koran, <it>the</it> Koran or <it>the</it> Book; <ex>al</ex>chemy, <it>the</it> chemistry.</as></def>

<h1>Al</h1>
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<hw>Al</hw>. <tt>conj.</tt> <def>Although; if. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>All</er>, <tt>conj.</tt></def>

<h1>Ala</h1>
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<hw>A"la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Al\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a wing.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A winglike organ, or part.</def>

<h1>Alabama period</h1>
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<hw>Al`a*ba"ma pe"ri*od</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A period in the American eocene, the lowest in the tertiary age except the lignitic.</def>

<h1>Alabaster</h1>
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<hw>Al"a*bas"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alabaster</ets>, Gr. <?/, said to be derived fr. <ets>Alabastron</ets>, the name of a town in Egypt, near which it was common: cf. OF. <ets>alabastre</ets>, F. <ets>alb\'83tre</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A compact variety or sulphate of lime, or gypsum, of fine texture, and usually white and translucent, but sometimes yellow, red, or gray. It is carved into vases, mantel ornaments, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A hard, compact variety of carbonate of lime, somewhat translucent, or of banded shades of color; stalagmite. The name is used in this sense by Pliny. It is sometimes distinguished as <i>oriental alabaster</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A box or vessel for holding odoriferous ointments, etc.; -- so called from the stone of which it was originally made.</def>

<i>Fosbroke.</i>

<h1>Alabastrian</h1>
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<hw>Al`a*bas"tri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Alabastrine.</def>

<h1>Alabastrine</h1>
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<hw>Al`a*bas"trine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or like, alabaster; as <i>alabastrine</i> limbs.</def>

<h1>Alabastrum</h1>
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<hw>Al`a*bas"trum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alabastra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A flower bud.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Alack</h1>
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<hw>A*lack"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from <ets>ah! lack!</ets> OE. <ets>lak</ets> loss, failure, misfortune. See <er>Lack</er>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation expressive of sorrow.</def> <mark>[Archaic. or Poet.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Alackaday</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>A*lack"a*day`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>alack the day</ets>. Cf. Lackaday.]</ety> <def>An exclamation expressing sorrow.</def>

<note>&hand; Shakespeare has "<i>alack</i> the day" and "<i>alack</i> the heavy day." Compare "woe worth the day."</note>

<h1>Alacrify</h1>
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<hw>A*lac"ri*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alacer</ets>, <ets>alacris</ets>, lively + <ets>-fly</ets>.]</ety> <def>To rouse to action; to inspirit.</def>

<h1>Alacrious</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>A*lac"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alacer</ets>, <ets>alacris</ets>.]</ety> <def>Brisk; joyously active; lively.</def>

<blockquote>'T were well if we were a little more <b>alacrious</b>.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alacriously</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>A*lac"ri*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With alacrity; briskly.</def>

<h1>Alacriousness</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>A*lac"ri*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Alacrity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Alacrity</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>A*lac"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alacritas</ets>, fr. <ets>alacer</ets> lively, eager, prob. akin to Gr. <?/ to drive, Goth. <ets>aljan</ets> zeal.]</ety> <def>A cheerful readiness, willingness, or promptitude; joyous activity; briskness; sprightliness; <as>as, the soldiers advanced with <ex>alacrity</ex> to meet the enemy</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I have not that <b>alacrity</b> of spirit,
Nor cheer of mind that I was wont to have.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aladinist</h1>
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<hw>A*lad"in*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Aladin</ets>, for Ala Eddin, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., height of religion, a learned divine under Mohammed II. and Bajazet II.]</ety> <def>One of a sect of freethinkers among the Mohammedans.</def>

<mhw><h1>Alalonga, or Alilonghi</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Al`a*lon"ga</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, or <hw>Al`i*lon"ghi</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The tunny. See <er>Albicore</er>.</def>

<h1>Alamire</h1>
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<hw>A`la*mi"re</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Compounded of <ets>a la mi re</ets>, names of notes in the musical scale.]</ety> <def>The lowest note but one in Guido Aretino's scale of music.</def>

<h1>Alamodality</h1>
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<hw>Al`a*mo*dal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being <i>\'85 la mode</i>; conformity to the mode or fashion; fashionableness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Alamode</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Al"a*mode`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'85 la mode</ets> after the fashion.]</ety> <def>According to the fashion or prevailing mode.</def> "<i>Alamode</i> beef shops."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Alamode</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Al"a*mode`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thin, black silk for hoods, scarfs, etc.; -- often called simply <i>mode</i>.</def>

<i>Buchanan.</i>

<h1>Alamort</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Al`a*mort"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'85 la mort</ets> to the death. Cf. <er>Amort</er>.]</ety> <def>To the death; mortally.</def>

<h1>Alan</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>A*lan"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>alan</ets>, <ets>alant</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>alano</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wolfhound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aland</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>A*land"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>land</ets>.]</ety> <def>On land; to the land; ashore.</def> "Cast <i>aland</i>."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Alanine</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>Al"a*nine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aldehyde</ets> + the ending <ets>-ine</ets>. The <ets>-n-<ets> is a euphonic insertion.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline base, <chform>C3H7NO2</chform>, derived from aldehyde ammonia.</def><-- one of the amino acids found in the protein of most living tissues -->

<h1>Alantin</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>A*lan"tin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>alant</ets> elecampane, the <ets>Inula helenium</ets> of Linn\'91us.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Inulin</er>.</def>

<h1>Alar</h1>
<Xpage=35>

<hw>A"lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alarius</ets>, fr. <ets>ala</ets> wing: cf. F. <ets>alaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or having, wings.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Axillary; in the fork or axil.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<hr>
<page="36">
Page 36<p>

<h1>Alarm</h1>
<Xpage=36>

<hw>A*larm"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alarme</ets>, It. <ets>all' arme</ets> to arms ! fr. L. <ets>arma</ets>, pl., arms. See <er>Arms</er>, and cf. <er>Alarum</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A summons to arms, as on the approach of an enemy.</def>

<blockquote>Arming to answer in a night <b>alarm</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any sound or information intended to give notice of approaching danger; a warming sound to arouse attention; a warning of danger.</def>

<blockquote>Sound an <b>alarm</b> in my holy mountain.
<i>Joel ii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sudden attack; disturbance; broil.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "These home <i>alarms</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Thy palace fill with insults and <b>alarms</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Sudden surprise with fear or terror excited by apprehension of danger; in the military use, commonly, sudden apprehension of being attacked by surprise.</def>

<blockquote><b>Alarm</b> and resentment spread throughout the camp.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A mechanical contrivance for awaking persons from sleep, or rousing their attention; an alarum.</def>

<cs><col>Alarm bell</col>, <cd>a bell that gives notice on danger.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Alarm clock</col> or <col>watch</col></mcol>, <cd>a clock or watch which can be so set as to ring or strike loudly at a prearranged hour, to wake from sleep, or excite attention.</cd> -- <col>Alarm gauge</col>, <cd>a contrivance attached to a steam boiler for showing when the pressure of steam is too high, or the water in the boiler too low.</cd> -- <col>Alarm post</col>, <cd>a place to which troops are to repair in case of an alarm.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Fright; affright; terror; trepidation; apprehension; consternation; dismay; agitation; disquiet; disquietude.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Alarm</er>, <er>Fright</er>, <er>Terror</er>, <er>Consternation</er>. These words express different degrees of fear at the approach of danger. <i>Fright</i> is fear suddenly excited, producing confusion of the senses, and hence it is unreflecting. <i>Alarm</i> is the hurried agitation of feeling which springs from a sense of immediate and extreme exposure. <i>Terror</i> is agitating and excessive fear, which usually benumbs the faculties. <i>Consternation</i> is overwhelming fear, and carries a notion of powerlessness and amazement. <i>Alarm</i> agitates the feelings; <i>terror</i> disorders the understanding and affects the will; <i>fright</i> seizes on and confuses the sense; <i>consternation</i> takes possession of the soul, and subdues its faculties. See <er>Apprehension</er>.</usage>

<h1>Alarm</h1>
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<hw>A*larm"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alarmed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alarming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Alarm</ets>, n. Cf. F. <ets>alarmer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To call to arms for defense; to give notice to (any one) of approaching danger; to rouse to vigilance and action; to put on the alert.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To keep in excitement; to disturb.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To surprise with apprehension of danger; to fill with anxiety in regard to threatening evil; to excite with sudden fear.</def>

<blockquote><b>Alarmed</b> by rumors of military preparation.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alarmable</h1>
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<hw>A*larm"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Easily alarmed or disturbed.</def>

<h1>Alarmed</h1>
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<hw>A*larmed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Aroused to vigilance; excited by fear of approaching danger; agitated; disturbed; <as>as, an <ex>alarmed</ex> neighborhood; an <ex>alarmed</ex> modesty.</as></def>

<blockquote>The white pavilions rose and fell
On the <b>alarmed</b> air.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alarmedly</h1>
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<hw>A*larm"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an alarmed manner.</def>

<h1>Alarming</h1>
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<hw>A*larm"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Exciting, or calculated to excite, alarm; causing apprehension of danger; <as>as, an <ex>alarming</ex> crisis or report</as>. -- A*larm"ing*ly, <i>adv</i>.</def>

<h1>Alarmist</h1>
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<hw>A*larm"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alarmiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One prone to sound or excite alarms, especially, needless alarms.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Alarum</h1>
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<hw>A*lar"um</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>alarom</ets>, the same word as <ets>alarm</ets>, n.]</ety> <def>See <er>Alarm</er>.</def> <mark>[Now Poetic]</mark>

<note>&hand; The variant form <i>alarum</i> is now commonly restricted to an alarm signal or the mechanism to sound an alarm (as in an alarm clock.)</note>

<h1>Alary</h1>
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<hw>Al"a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alarius</ets>, fr. <ets>ala</ets> wing.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to wings; also, wing-shaped.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>alary</b> system of insects.
<i>Wollaston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alas</h1>
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<hw>A*las"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>alas</ets>, <ets>allas</ets>, OF. <ets>alas</ets>, F. <ets>h\'82las</ets>; <ets>a</ets> interj. (L. <ets>ah</ets>.) + <ets>las</ets> wretched (that I am), L. <ets>lassus</ets> weary, akin to E. <ets>late</ets>. See <er>Late</er>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation expressive of sorrow, pity, or apprehension of evil; -- in old writers, sometimes followed by <i>day</i> or <i>white</i>; <i>alas the day</i>, like <i>alack a day</i>, or <i>alas the white</i>.</def>

<h1>Alate</h1>
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<hw>A*late"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>late</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lately; of late.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>There hath been <b>alate</b> such tales spread abroad.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alate, Alated</h1>
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<hw><hw>A"late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A"la*ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alatus</ets>, from <ets>ala</ets> wing.]</ety> <def>Winged; having wings, or side appendages like wings.</def>

<h1>Alatern, Alaternus</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al"a*tern</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`a*ter"nus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ala</ets> wing + <ets>terni</ets> three each.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An ornamental evergreen shrub <spn>(Rhamnus alaternus)</spn> belonging to the buckthorns.</def>

<h1>Alation</h1>
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<hw>A*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>alatus</ets> winged.]</ety> <def>The state of being winged.</def>

<h1>Alaunt</h1>
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<hw>A*launt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Alan</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Alb</h1>
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<hw>Alb</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>albe</ets>, LL. <ets>alba</ets>, fr. L. <ets>albus</ets> white. Cf. <er>Album</er> and <er>Aube</er>.]</ety> <def>A vestment of white linen, reaching to the feet, an enveloping the person; -- in the Roman Catholic church, worn by those in holy orders when officiating at mass. It was formerly worn, at least by clerics, in daily life.</def>

<h1>Albacore</h1>
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<hw>Al"ba*core</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Albicore</er>.</def>

<h1>Alban</h1>
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<hw>Al"ban</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline resinous substance extracted from gutta-percha by the action of alcohol or ether.</def>

<h1>Albanian</h1>
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<hw>Al*ba"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Albania, a province of Turkey.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native of Albania.</def></def2>

<h1>Albata</h1>
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<hw>Al*ba"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>albatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>albare</ets> to make white, fr. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <def>A white metallic alloy; which is made into spoons, forks, teapots, etc.   British plate or German silver. See <cref>German silver</cref>, under <er>German</er>.</def>

<h1>Albatross</h1>
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<hw>Al"ba*tross</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupt. fr. Pg. <ets>alcatraz</ets> cormorant, albatross, or Sp. <ets>alcatraz</ets> a pelican: cf. Pg. <ets>alcatruz</ets>, Sp. <ets>arcaduz</ets>, a bucket, fr. Ar. <ets>al-q\'bedus</ets> the bucket, fr. Gr. <grk>ka`dos</grk>, a water vessel. So an Arabic term for <ets>pelican</ets> is <ets>water-carrier</ets>, as a bird carrying water in its pouch.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A web-footed bird, of the genus <spn>Diomedea</spn>, of which there are several species. They are the largest of sea birds, capable of long-continued flight, and are often seen at great distances from the land. They are found chiefly in the southern hemisphere.</def>

<h1>Albe, Albee</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`be"</hw>, <hw>Al`bee"</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Albeit</er>.]</ety> <def>Although; albeit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Albe</b> Clarissa were their chiefest founderess.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Albedo</h1>
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<hw>Al*be"do</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <def>Whiteness. Specifically: <fld>(Astron.)</fld> The ratio which the light reflected from an unpolished surface bears to the total light falling upon that surface.</def>

<h1>Albeit</h1>
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<hw>Al`be"it</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>al be</ets> although it be, where <ets>al</ets> is our <ets>all</ets>. Cf. <er>Although</er>.]</ety> <def>Even though; although; notwithstanding.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote><b>Albeit</b> so masked, Madam, I love the truth.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Albertite</h1>
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<hw>Al"bert*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A bituminous mineral resembling asphaltum, found in the county of A. <?/bert, New Brunswick.</def>

<h1>Albertype</h1>
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<hw>Al"ber*type</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the name of the inventor, <ets>Albert</ets>, of Munich.]</ety> <def>A picture printed from a kind of gelatine plate produced by means of a photographic negative.</def>

<h1>Albescence</h1>
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<hw>Al*bes"cence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of becoming white; whitishness.</def>

<h1>Albescent</h1>
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<hw>Al*bes"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>albescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>albescere</ets> to grow white, fr. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <def>Becoming white or whitish; moderately white.</def>

<h1>Albicant</h1>
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<hw>Al"bi*cant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>albicans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>albicare</ets>, <ets>albicatum</ets>, to be white, fr. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <def>Growing or becoming white.</def>

<h1>Albication</h1>
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<hw>Al`bi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of becoming white, or developing white patches, or streaks.</def>

<h1>Albicore</h1>
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<hw>Al"bi*core</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>albicore</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>albacora</ets>, Pg. <ets>albacor</ets>, <ets>albacora</ets>, <ets>albecora</ets>), fr. Ar. <ets>bakr</ets>, <ets>bekr</ets>, a young camel, young cow, heifer, and the article <ets>al</ets>: cf. Pg. <ets>bacoro</ets> a little pig.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name applied to several large fishes of the Mackerel family, esp. <spn>Orcynus alalonga</spn>. One species <spn>(Orcynus thynnus)</spn>, common in the Mediterranean and Atlantic, is called in New England the <altname>horse mackerel</altname>; the tunny.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>albacore</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Albification</h1>
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<hw>Al`bi*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>albification</ets>: L. <ets>albus</ets> white + <ets>ficare</ets> (only in comp.), <ets>facere</ets>, to make.]</ety> <def>The act or process of making white.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Albigenses,  Albigeois</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`bi*gen"ses</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,  <hw>Al`bi`geois"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Albi</ets> and <ets>Albigeois</ets>, a town and its district in the south of France, in which the sect abounded.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A sect of reformers opposed to the church of Rome in the 12th centuries.</def>

<note>The Albigenses were a branch of the <i>Catharists</i> (the pure). They were exterminated by crusades and the Inquisition. They were distinct from the Waldenses.</note>

<h1>Albigensian</h1>
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<hw>Al`bi*gen"sian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Albigenses.</def>

<h1>Albiness</h1>
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<hw>Al*bi"ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female albino.</def>

<i>Holmes.</i>

<h1>Albinism</h1>
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<hw>Al"bi*nism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of being an albino: abinoism; leucopathy.</def>

<h1>Albinistic</h1>
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<hw>Al`bi*nis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with albinism.</def>

<h1>Albino</h1>
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<hw>Al*bi"no</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Albinos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp. or Pg. <ets>albino</ets>, orig. whitish, fr. <ets>albo</ets> white, L. <ets>albus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person, whether negro, Indian, or white, in whom by some defect of organization the substance which gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes is deficient or in a morbid state. An albino has a skin of a milky hue, with hair of the same color, and eyes with deep red pupil and pink or blue iris. The term is also used of the lower animals, as white mice, elephants, etc.; and of plants in a whitish condition from the absence of chlorophyll.</def>

<i>Amer. Cyc.</i>

<note>&hand; The term was originally applied by the Portuguese to negroes met with on the coast of Africa, who were mottled with white spots.</note>

<h1>Albinoism</h1>
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<hw>Al*bi"no*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of being an albino; albinism.</def>

<h1>Albinotic</h1>
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<hw>Al`bi*not"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with albinism.</def>

<h1>Albion</h1>
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<hw>Al"bi*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from the same root as Gael. <ets>alp</ets> a height or hill. "It may have been bestowed on the land lying behind the white cliffs visible from the coast of Gaul. <ets>Albany</ets>, the old name of Scotland, means probably the "hilly land." <ets>I</ets>. <ets>Taylor</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ancient name of England, still retained in poetry.</def>

<blockquote>In that nook-shotten isle of <b>Albion</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Albite</h1>
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<hw>Al"bite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of the feldspar family, triclinic in crystallization, and in composition a silicate of alumina and soda. It is a common constituent of granite and of various igneous rocks. See <er>Feldspar</er>.</def>

<h1>Albolith</h1>
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<hw>Al"bo*lith</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>albus</ets> white + <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of plastic cement, or artificial stone, consisting chiefly of magnesia and silica; -- called also <altname>albolite</altname>.</def>

<h1>Alborak</h1>
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<hw>Al"bo*rak</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>bur\'beq</ets>, fr. <ets>baraqa</ets> to flash, shine.]</ety> <def>The imaginary milk-white animal on which Mohammed was said to have been carried up to heaven; a white mule.</def>

<h1>Albugineous</h1>
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<hw>Al`bu*gin"e*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Albugo</er>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of, or resembling, the white of the eye, or of an egg; albuminous; -- a term applied to textures, humors, etc., which are perfectly white.</def>

<h1>Albugo</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu"go</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Albugines</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., whiteness, fr. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Leucoma</er>.</def>

<h1>Album</h1>
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<hw>Al"bum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., neut. of <ets>albus</ets> white: cf. F. <ets>album</ets>. Cf. <er>Alb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A white tablet on which anything was inscribed, as a list of names, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A register for visitors' names; a visitors' book.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A blank book, in which to insert autographs sketches, memorial writing of friends, photographs, etc.</def>

<h1>Albumen</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu"men</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The white of an egg.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Nourishing matter stored up within the integuments of the seed in many plants, but not incorporated in the embryo. It is the floury part in corn, wheat, and like grains, the oily part in poppy seeds, the fleshy part in the cocoanut, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Albumin</er>.</def>

<h1>Albumenize</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu"men*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Albumenized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Albumenizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover or saturate with albumen; to coat or treat with an albuminous solution; <as>as, to <ex>albuminize</ex> paper</as>.</def>

<h1>Album Gr\'91cum</h1>
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<hw>Al"bum Gr\'91"cum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., Greek white.]</ety> <def>Dung of dogs or hyenas, which becomes white by exposure to air. It is used in dressing leather, and was formerly used in medicine.</def>

<h1>Albumin</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu"min</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A thick, viscous nitrogenous substance, which is the chief and characteristic constituent of white of eggs and of the serum of blood, and is found in other animal substances, both fluid and solid, also in many plants. It is soluble in water is coagulated by heat ad by certain chemical reagents.</def>

<cs><col>Acid albumin</col>, <cd>a modification of albumin produced by the action of dilute acids. It is not coagulated by heat.</cd> -- <col>Alkali albumin</col>, <cd>albumin as modified by the action of alkaline substances; -- called also <altname>albuminate</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Albuminate</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance produced by the action of an alkali upon albumin, and resembling casein in its properties; also, a compound formed by the union of albumin with another substance.</def>

<h1>Albuminiferous</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu`mi*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>albumen</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Supplying albumen.</def>

<h1>Albuminimeter</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu`mi*nim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>albumen</ets>, <ets>albuminis + -meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>albuminim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for ascertaining the quantity of albumen in a liquid.</def>

<h1>Albuminin</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu"mi*nin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The substance of the cells which inclose the white of birds' eggs.</def>

<h1>Albuminiparous</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu`mi*nip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>albumen + parere</ets> to bear, bring forth.]</ety> <def>Producing albumin.</def>

<h1>Albuminoid</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu"mi*noid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>albumen</ets> + </ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Resembling albumin.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One of a class of organic principles (called also <altname>proteids</altname>) which form the main part of organized tissues.</def></def2><-- = protein. -->

<i>Brunton.</i>

<h1>Albuminoidal</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu`mi*noid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of the nature of an albuminoid.</def>

<h1>Albuminose</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu"mi*nose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A diffusible substance formed from albumin by the action of natural or artificial gastric juice. See <er>Peptone</er>.</def>

<-- *note* this term is used in this dictionary in the sense now expressed as "proteinaceous" -->
<h1>Albuminous, Albuminose</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al*bu"mi*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al*bu"mi*nose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>albumineux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, albumen; having the properties of, or resembling, albumen or albumin.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Al*bu"mi*nous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Albuminuria</h1>
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<hw>Al*bu`mi*nu"ri*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>albumen</ets> + Gr. <?/ urine.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid condition in which albumin is present in the urine.</def>

<h1>Albumose</h1>
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<hw>Al"bu*mose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>albumin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound or class of compounds formed from albumin by dilute acids or by an acid solution of pepsin. Used also in combination, as anti<i>albumose</i>, hemi<i>albumose</i>.</def>

<h1>Alburn</h1>
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<hw>Al"burn</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alburnus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>albus</ets> white. Cf. <ets>Auburn</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bleak, a small European fish having scales of a peculiarly silvery color which are used in making artificial pearls.</def>

<h1>Alburnous</h1>
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<hw>Al*bur"nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to alburnum; of the alburnum; <as>as, <ex>alburnous</ex> substances</as>.</def>

<h1>Alburnum</h1>
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<hw>Al*bur"num</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The white and softer part of wood, between the inner bark and the hard wood or duramen; sapwood.</def>

<h1>Albyn</h1>
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<hw>Al"byn</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Albion</er>.]</ety> <def>Scotland; esp. the Highlands of Scotland.</def>

<i>T. Cambell.</i>

<h1>Alcade</h1>
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<hw>Al*cade"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Alcaid</er>.</def>

<h1>Alcahest</h1>
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<hw>Al"ca*hest</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Alkahest</er>.</def>

<h1>Alcaic</h1>
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<hw>Al*ca"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Alca\'8bcus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Alc\'91us, a lyric poet of Mitylene, about 6000 <sc>b. c.</sc> -- <tt>n.</tt> A kind of verse, so called from Alc\'91us. One variety consists of five feet, a spondee or iambic, an iambic, a long syllable, and two dactyls.</def>

<mhw><h1>Alcaid, Alcayde</h1>
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<hw>Al*caid"</hw>, <hw>Al*cayde"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>alcaide</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>q\'be\'c6d</ets> governor, fr. <ets>q\'beda</ets> to lead, govern.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A commander of a castle or fortress among the Spaniards, Portuguese, and Moors.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The warden, or keeper of a jail.</def>

<h1>Alcalde</h1>
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<hw>Al*cal"de</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>alcalde</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>q\'bed\'c6</ets> judge, fr. <ets>qada</ets> to decide, judge. Hence, the <ets>cadi</ets> of the Turks. Cf. <er>Cadi</er>.]</ety> <def>A magistrate or judge in Spain and in Spanish America, etc.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<note>&hand; Sometimes confounded with <er>Alcaid</er>.</note>

<h1>Alcalimeter</h1>
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<hw>Al`ca*lim"e*ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Alkalimeter</er>.</def>

<h1>Alcanna</h1>
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<hw>Al*can"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>alcana</ets>, <ets>alhe<?/a</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al-hinn\'be</ets>. See <er>Henna</er>, and cf. <er>Alkanet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An oriental shrub <spn>(Lawsonia inermis)</spn> from which henna is obtained.</def>

<h1>Alcarraza</h1>
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<hw>Al`car*ra"za</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alcarrazas</plw>. <tt>(#)</tt> </plu> <ety>[Sp., from Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>kurr\'bez</ets> earthen vessel.]</ety> <def>A vessel of porous earthenware, used for cooling liquids by evaporation from the exterior surface.</def>

<hr>
<page="37">
Page 37<p>

<h1>Alcayde</h1>
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<hw>Al*cayde"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Alcaid</er>.</def>

<h1>Alcazar</h1>
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<hw>Al*ca"zar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[ fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets> the + <ets>qacr</ets> (in pl.) a castle.]</ety> <def>A fortress; also, a royal palace.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<h1>Alcedo</h1>
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<hw>Al*ce"do</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., equiv. to Gr. <?/. See <er>Halcyon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of perching birds, including the European kingfisher <spn>(Alcedo ispida)</spn>. See <er>Halcyon</er>.</def>

<h1>Alchemic, Alchemical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al*chem"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al*chem"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alchimique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to alchemy.</def>

<h1>Alchemically</h1>
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<hw>Al*chem"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of alchemy.</def>

<h1>Alchemist</h1>
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<hw>Al"che*mist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>alquemiste</ets>, F. <ets>alchimiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who practices alchemy.</def>

<blockquote>You are <b>alchemist</b>; make gold.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alchemistic, Alchemistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`che*mis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`che*mis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to or practicing alchemy.</def>

<blockquote>Metaphysical and <b>alchemistical</b> legislators.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alchemistry</h1>
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<hw>Al"che*mis*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Alchemy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Alchemize</h1>
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<hw>Al"che*mize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To change by alchemy; to transmute.</def>

<i>Lovelace.</i>

<h1>Alchemy</h1>
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<hw>Al"che*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>alkemie</ets>, <ets>arquemie</ets>, F. <ets>alchimie</ets>, Ar. <ets>al-k\'c6m\'c6a</ets>, fr. late Gr. <?/, for <?/, a mingling, infusion, <?/ juice, liquid, especially as extracted from plants, fr. <?/ to pour; for chemistry was originally the art of extracting the juices from plants for medicinal purposes. Cf. Sp. <ets>alquimia</ets>, It.  <ets>alchimia</ets>. Gr. <?/ is prob. akin to L. <ets>fundere</ets> to pour, Goth. <ets>guitan</ets>, AS. <ets>ge\'a2tan</ets>, to pour, and so to E. <ets>fuse</ets>. See <er>Fuse</er>, and cf. <er>Chemistry</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An imaginary art which aimed to transmute the baser metals into gold, to find the panacea, or universal remedy for diseases, etc. It led the way to modern chemistry.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mixed metal composed mainly of brass, formerly used for various utensils; hence, a trumpet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Put to their mouths the sounding <b>alchemy</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Miraculous power of transmuting something common into something precious.</def>

<blockquote>Kissing with golden face the meadows green,
Gilding pale streams with heavenly <b>alchemy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<mhw><h1>Alchymic, a., Alchymist, n., Alchymistic, a., Alchymy</h1>
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<hw>Al*chym"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>Al"chy*mist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Al`chy*mis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>Al"chy*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></mhw> <def>See <er>Alchemic</er>, <er>Alchemist</er>, <er>Alchemistic</er>, <er>Alchemy</er>.</def>

<h1>Alco</h1>
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<hw>Al"co</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small South American dog, domesticated by the aborigines.</def>

<h1>Alcoate, Alcohate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al"co*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"co*hate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Shortened forms of <er>Alcoholate</er>.</def>

<h1>Alcohol</h1>
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<hw>Al"co*hol</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcool</ets>, formerly written <ets>alcohol</ets>, Sp. <ets>alcohol</ets> alcohol, antimony, galena, OSp. <ets>alcofol</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>kohl</ets> a powder of antimony or galena, to paint the eyebrows with. The name was afterwards applied, on account of the fineness of this powder, to highly rectified spirits, a signification unknown in Arabia. The Sp. word has bot meanings. Cf. <er>Alquifou</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An impalpable powder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit (called also <altname>ethyl alcohol</altname>); the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it in considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple distillation from various vegetable juices and infusions of a saccharine nature, which have undergone vinous fermentation.</def>

<note>&hand; As used in the U. S. "Pharmacop&oe;ia, <i>alcohol</i> contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 9 per cent of water; and <i>diluted alcohol</i> (proof spirit) contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 54.5 per cent of water.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Organic Chem.)</fld> <def>A class of compounds analogous to vinic alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are hydroxides of certain organic radicals; <as>as, the radical ethyl forms common or <stype>ethyl alcohol</stype> (<chform>C2H5OH</chform>); methyl forms <stype>methyl alcohol</stype> (<chform>CH3.OH</chform>) or <stype>wood spirit</stype>; amyl forms <stype>amyl alcohol</stype> (<chform>C5H11.OH</chform>) or <stype>fusel oil</stype>, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Alcoholate</h1>
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<hw>Al"co*hol*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcolaie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystallizable compound of a salt with alcohol, in which the latter plays a part analogous to that of water of crystallization.</def>

<i>Graham.</i>

<h1>Alcoholature</h1>
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<hw>Al`co*hol"a*ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcoolature</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An alcoholic tincture prepared with fresh plants.</def>

<i>New Eng. Dict.</i>

<h1>Alcoholic</h1>
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<hw>Al`co*hol"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcolique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to alcohol, or partaking of its qualities; derived from, or caused by, alcohol; containing alcohol; <as>as, <ex>alcoholic</ex> mixtures; <ex>alcoholic</ex> gastritis; <ex>alcoholic</ex> odor.</as></def>

<h1>Alcoholic</h1>
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<hw>Al`co*hol"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person given to the use of alcoholic liquors.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Alcoholic liquors.</def>

<h1>Alcoholism</h1>
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<hw>Al"co*hol*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcoolisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A diseased condition of the system, brought about by the continued use of alcoholic liquors.</def>

<h1>Alcoholization</h1>
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<hw>Al`co*hol`i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcoolisation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reducing a substance to a fine or impalpable powder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act rectifying spirit.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Saturation with alcohol; putting the animal system under the influence of alcoholic liquor.</def>

<h1>Alcoholize</h1>
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<hw>Al"co*hol*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alcoholized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alcoholizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcooliser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce to a fine powder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To convert into alcohol; to rectify; also, to saturate with alcohol.</def>

<h1>Alcoholometer, Alcoholmeter</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`co*hol*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`co*hol"me*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Alcohol</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An instrument for determining the strength of spirits, with a scale graduated so as to indicate the percentage of pure alcohol, either by weight or volume. It is usually a form of hydrometer with a special scale.</def>

<mhw><h1>Alcoholometric, Alcoholometrical, Alcoholmetrical</h1>
<Xpage=37>

<hw>Al`co*hol`o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`co*hol`o*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`co*hol*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the alcoholometer or alcoholometry.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>alcoholometrical</b> strength of spirituous liquors.
<i>Ure.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alcoholometry</h1>
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<hw>Al`co*hol"om"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process or method of ascertaining the proportion of pure alcohol which spirituous liquors contain.</def>

<mhw><h1>Alcohometer, n., Alcohometric</h1>
<Xpage=37>

<hw>Al`co*hom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Al`co*ho*met"ric</hw></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Alcoholometer</er>, <er>Alcoholometric</er>.</def>

<h1>Alco\'94metry</h1>
<Xpage=37>

<hw>Al`co*\'94m"e*try</hw> <tt><tt>(#)</tt></tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Alcoholometry</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The chemists say <tt>alcom\'8atre,</tt> <i>alcoom\'8atrie</i>, doubtless by the suppression of a syllable in order to avoid a disagreeable sequence of sounds. (Cf. <er>Idolatry</er>.)</note>

<i>Littr\'82.</i>

<h1>Alcoran</h1>
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<hw>Al"co*ran</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[ets>alcoran</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>qor\'ben</ets>, orig. the reading, the book, fr. <ets>qaraa</ets> to read. Cf. <er>Koran</er>.]</ety> <def>The Mohammedan Scriptures; the Koran (now the usual form).</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <er>Alcoran</er>.]</altsp>

<h1>Alcoranic</h1>
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<hw>Al`co*ran"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Koran.</def>

<h1>Alcoranist</h1>
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<hw>Al`co*ran"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adheres to the letter of the Koran, rejecting all traditions.</def>

<h1>Alcove</h1>
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<hw>Al"cove</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alc\'93ve</ets>, Sp. or Pg. <ets>alcoba</ets>, from Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>quobbah</ets> arch, vault, tent.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A recessed portion of a room, or a small room opening into a larger one; especially, a recess to contain a bed; a lateral recess in a library.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small ornamental building with seats, or an arched seat, in a pleasure ground; a garden bower.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any natural recess analogous to an alcove or recess in an apartment.</def>

<blockquote>The youthful wanderers found a wild <b>alcove</b>.
<i>Falconer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alcyon</h1>
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<hw>Al"cy*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Halcyon</er>.</def>

<h1>Alcyonacea</h1>
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<hw>Al`cy*o*na"ce*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of soft-bodied Alcyonaria, of which <i>Alcyonium</i> is the type. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Alcyonaria</er>.</def>

<h1>Alcyonaria</h1>
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<hw>Al`cy*o*na"ri*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the orders of Anthozoa. It includes the Alcyonacea, Pennatulacea, and Gorgonacea.</def>

<h1>Alcyones</h1>
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<hw>Al*cy"o*nes</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., pl. of <er>Alcyon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The kingfishers.</def>

<h1>Alcyonic</h1>
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<hw>Al`cy*on"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Alcyonaria.</def>

<h1>Alcyonium</h1>
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<hw>Al`cy*o"ni*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a zo\'94phyte, so called from being like the halcyon's nest.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fleshy Alcyonaria, its polyps somewhat resembling flowers with eight fringed rays. The term was also formerly used for certain species of sponges.</def>

<h1>Alcyonoid</h1>
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<hw>Al"cy*o*noid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the Alcyonaria.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A zo\'94phyte of the order Alcyonaria.</def></def2>

<h1>Alday</h1>
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<hw>Al"day</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Continually.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aldebaran</h1>
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<hw>Al*deb"a*ran</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>al-debar\'ben</ets>, fr. <ets>dabar</ets> to follow; so called because this star follows upon the Pleiades.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A red star of the first magnitude, situated in the eye of Taurus; the Bull's Eye. It is the bright star in the group called the <i>Hyades</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Now when <b>Aldebaran</b> was mounted high
Above the shiny Cassiopeia's chair.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aldehyde</h1>
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<hw>Al"de*hyde</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>al</ets>cohol <ets>dehyd</ets>rogenatum, alcohol deprived of its hydrogen.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, mobile, and very volatile liquid obtained from alcohol by certain of oxidation.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>aldehydes</i> are intermediate between the alcohols and acids, and differ from the alcohols in having two less hydrogen atoms in the molecule, as common <i>aldehyde</i> (called also <altname>acetic aldehyde</altname> or <altname>ethyl aldehyde</altname>), <chform>C2H4O</chform>; methyl <i>aldehyde</i>, <chform>CH2O</chform>.</note>

<cs><col>Aldehyde ammonia</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a compound formed by the union of aldehyde with ammonia.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aldehydic</h1>
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<hw>Al`de*hy"dic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to aldehyde; <as>as, <ex>aldehydic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<i>Miller.</i>

<h1>Alder</h1>
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<hw>Al"der</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aldir</ets>, <ets>aller</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>alr</ets>, <ets>aler</ets>, <ets>alor</ets>, akin to D. <ets>els</ets>, G. <ets>erle</ets>, Icel. <ets>erlir</ets>, <ets>erli</ets>, Swed. <ets>al</ets>, Dan. <ets>elle</ets>, <ets>el</ets>, L. <ets>alnus</ets>, and E. <ets>elm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree, usually growing in moist land, and belonging to the genus <spn>Alnus</spn>. The wood is used by turners, etc.; the bark by dyers and tanners. In the U. S. the species of alder are usually shrubs or small trees.</def>

<cs><col>Black alder</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A European shrub <spn>(Rhamnus frangula)</spn>; Alder buckthorn.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An American species of holly <spn>(Ilex verticillata)</spn>, bearing red berries.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alder, Aller</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al"der</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"ler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>ealra</ets>, <ets>alra</ets>, gen. pl. of AS. <ets>eal</ets>. The <ets>d</ets> is excrescent.]</ety> <def>Of all; -- used in composition; <as>as, <ex>alder</ex>best, best of all, <ex>alder</ex>wisest, wisest of all</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Alder-liefest</h1>
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<hw>Al`der-lief"est</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>allerliefest</ets> dearest of all. See <er>Lief</er>.]</ety> <def>Most beloved.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Alderman</h1>
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<hw>Al"der*man</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aldplwmen</er> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>aldormon</ets>, <ets>ealdorman</ets>; <ets>ealdor</ets> an elder + <ets>man</ets>. See <er>Elder</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A senior or superior; a person of rank or dignity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; The title was applied, among the Anglo-Saxons, to princes, dukes, earls, senators, and presiding magistrates; also to archbishops and bishops, implying superior wisdom or authority. Thus Ethelstan, duke of the East-Anglians, was called <i>Alderman</i> of all England; and there were <i>aldermen</i> of cities, counties, and castles, who had jurisdiction within their respective districts.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of a board or body of municipal officers next in order to the mayor and having a legislative function. They may, in some cases, individually exercise some magisterial and administrative functions.</def>

<h1>Aldermancy</h1>
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<hw>Al"der*man*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of an alderman.</def>

<h1>Aldermanic</h1>
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<hw>Al"der*man"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, becoming to, or like, an alderman; characteristic of an alderman.</def>

<h1>Aldermanity</h1>
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<hw>Al`der*man"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Aldermen collectively; the body of aldermen.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being an alderman.</def> <mark>[Jocular]</mark>

<h1>Aldermanlike</h1>
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<hw>Al`der*man*like`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like or suited to an alderman.</def>

<h1>Aldermanly</h1>
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<hw>Al"der*man*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or like, an alderman.</def>

<h1>Aldermanly</h1>
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<hw>Al"der*man*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or like, an alderman.</def> "An <i>aldermanly</i> discretion."

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Aldermanry</h1>
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<hw>Al"der*man*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The district or ward of an alderman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The office or rank of an alderman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Aldermanship</h1>
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<hw>Al"der*man*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition, position, or office of an alderman.</def>

<i>Fabyan.</i>

<h1>Aldern</h1>
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<hw>Al"dern</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of alder.</def>

<h1>Alderney</h1>
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<hw>Al"der*ney</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a breed of cattle raised in Alderney, one of the Channel Islands. Alderneys are of a dun or tawny color and are often called <i>Jersey cattle</i>. See <er>Jersey</er>, <er>3</er>.</def>

<h1>Aldine</h1>
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<hw>Al"dine</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bibliog.)</fld> <def>An epithet applied to editions (chiefly of the classics) which proceeded from the press of <i>Aldus</i> Manitius, and his family, of Venice, for the most part in the 16th century and known by the sign of the anchor and the dolphin. The term has also been applied to certain elegant editions of English works.</def>

<h1>Ale</h1>
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<hw>Ale</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ealu</ets>, akin to Icel., Sw., and Dan. <ets>\'94l</ets>, Lith. <ets>alus</ets> a kind of beer, OSlav. <ets>ol<?/</ets> beer. Cf. Ir. <ets>ol</ets> drink, drinking.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An intoxicating liquor made from an infusion of malt by fermentation and the addition of a bitter, usually hops.</def>

<note>&hand; The word <i>ale</i>, in England and the United States, usually designates a heavier kind of fermented liquor, and the word <i>beer</i> a lighter kind. The word <i>beer</i> is also in common use as the generic name for all malt liquors.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A festival in English country places, so called from the liquor drunk.</def>   "At wakes and <i>ales</i>." <i>B. Jonson</i>."On ember eves and holy <i>ales</i>." <i>Shak</i>.

<h1>Aleak</h1>
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<hw>A*leak"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>leak</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a leaking condition.</def>

<h1>Aleatory</h1>
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<hw>A"le*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aleatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>alea</ets> chance, die.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Depending on some uncertain contingency; <as>as, an <ex>aleatory</ex> contract</as>.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Alebench</h1>
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<hw>Ale"bench`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bench in or before an alehouse.</def>

<i>Bunyan.</i>

<h1>Aleberry</h1>
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<hw>Ale"ber`ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>alebery</ets>, <ets>alebrey</ets>; <ets>ale + bre</ets> broth, fr. AS. <ets>br\'c6w</ets> pottage.]</ety> <def>A beverage, formerly made by boiling ale with spice, sugar, and sops of bread.</def>

<blockquote>Their <b>aleberries</b>, caudles, possets.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alecithal</h1>
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<hw>A*lec"i*thal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ yelk.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Applied to those ova which segment uniformly, and which have little or no food yelk embedded in their protoplasm.</def>

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Aleconner</h1>
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<hw>Ale"con`ner</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>/Ale</ets> + <ets>con</ets>, OE. <ets>cunnen</ets> to test, AS. <ets>cunnian</ets> to test. See <er>Con</er>.]</ety> <def>Orig., an officer appointed to look to the goodness of ale and beer; also, one of the officers chosen by the liverymen of London to inspect the measures used in public houses. But the office is a sinecure. [Also called <i>aletaster</i>.]</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Alecost</h1>
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<hw>Ale"cost`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ale</ets> + L. <ets>costus</ets> an aromatic plant: cf. <er>Costmary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The plant costmary, which was formerly much used for flavoring ale.</def>

<h1>Alectorides</h1>
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<hw>Al`ec*tor"i*des</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a cock.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of birds including the common fowl and the pheasants.</def>

<h1>Alectoromachy</h1>
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<hw>A*lec`to*rom"a*chy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cock + <?/ fight.]</ety> <def>Cockfighting.</def>

<h1>Alectoromancy</h1>
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<hw>A*lec"to*ro*man`cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Alectryomancy</er>.</def>

<h1>Alectryom'achy</h1>
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<hw>A*lec`try*om'a*chy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cock + <?/ fight.]</ety> <def>Cockfighting.</def>

<h1>Alectryomancy</h1>
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<hw>A*lec"try*o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cock + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of a cock and grains of corn placed on the letters of the alphabet, the letters being put together in the order in which the grains were eaten.</def>

<i>Amer. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Alee</h1>
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<hw>A*lee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>lee</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>On or toward the lee, or the side away from the wind; the opposite of <i>aweather</i>. The helm of a ship is <i>alee</i> when pressed close to the lee side.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Hard alee</col>, or <col>Luff alee</col></mcol>, <cd>an order to put the helm to the lee side.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alegar</h1>
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<hw>Al"e*gar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ale</ets> + <ets>eager</ets> sour, F. <ets>aigre</ets>. Cf. <er>Vinegar</er>.]</ety> <def>Sour ale; vinegar made of ale.</def>

<i>Cecil.</i>

<h1>Aleger</h1>
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<hw>Al"e*ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>all\'8agre</ets>, earlier <ets>al\'8agre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>alacer</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gay; cheerful; sprightly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Alegge</h1>
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<hw>A*legge"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aleggen</ets>, <ets>alegen</ets>, OF. <ets>alegier</ets>, F. <ets>all\'82ger</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>alleviare</ets>, for L. <ets>allevare</ets> to lighten; <ets>ad + levis</ets> light. Cf. <er>Alleviate</er>, <er>Allay</er>, <er>Allege</er>.]</ety> <def>To allay or alleviate; to lighten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That shall <b>alegge</b> this bitter blast.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alehoof</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, <hr>
<page="38">
Page 38<p> ground ivy, "in old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>." <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Alehouse</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Ale"house`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house where ale is retailed; hence, a tippling house.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Ale-knight</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Ale"-knight`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pot companion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Alemannic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`e*man"nic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to the Alemanni, a confederacy of warlike German tribes.</def>

<h1>Alemannic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`e*man"nic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The language of the Alemanni.</def>

<blockquote>The Swabian dialect . . . is known as the <b>Alemannic</b>.
<i>Amer. Cyc.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alembic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lem"bic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alambic</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>alambique</ets>), Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>anb\'c6q</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ cup, cap of a still. The cap or head was the <ets>alembic</ets> proper. Cf. <er>Limbec</er>.]</ety> <def>An apparatus formerly used in distillation, usually made of glass or metal. It has mostly given place to the <i>retort</i> and <i>worm still</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Used also metaphorically.
The <b>alembic</b> of a great poet's imagination.
<i>Brimley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alembroth</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lem"broth</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Origin uncertain.]</ety> <def>The <i>salt of wisdom</i> of the alchemists, a double salt composed of the chlorides of ammonium and mercury. It was formerly used as a stimulant.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Alencon lace</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A`len`con" lace"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> See under <er>Lace</er>.</def>

<h1>Alength</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*length"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>length</ets>.]</ety> <def>At full length; lenghtwise.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Alepidote</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lep"i*dote</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, a scale.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Not having scales.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A fish without scales.</def></def2>

<h1>Alepole</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Ale"pole`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pole set up as the sign of an alehouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Alert</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lert"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alerte</ets>, earlier <ets>\'85 l'erte</ets> on the watch, fr. It. <ets>all' erta</ets> on the watch, prop. (standing) on a height, where one can look around; <ets>erta</ets> a declivity, steep, <ets>erto</ets> steep, p. p. of <ets>ergere</ets>, <ets>erigere</ets>, to erect, raise, L. <ets>erigere</ets>. See <er>Erect</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Watchful; vigilant; active in vigilance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Brisk; nimble; moving with celerity.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>alert</b> young fellow.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Active; agile; lively; quick; prompt.</syn>

<h1>Alert</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lert"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An alarm from a real or threatened attack; a sudden attack; also, a bugle sound to give warning.</def> "We have had an <i>alert</i>."

<i>Farrow.</i>

<cs><col>On the alert</col>, <cd>on the lookout or watch against attack or danger; ready to act.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alertly</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lert"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an alert manner; nimbly.</def>

<h1>Alertness</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lert"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being alert or on the alert; briskness; nimbleness; activity.</def>

<h1>Ale silver</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Ale" sil`ver</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A duty payable to the lord mayor of London by the sellers of ale within the city.</def>

<h1>Alestake</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Ale"stake</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stake or pole projecting from, or set up before, an alehouse, as a sign; an alepole. At the end was commonly suspended a garland, a bunch of leaves, or a "bush."</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aletaster</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Ale"tast`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Aleconner</er>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Alethiology</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*le`thi*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ truth + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the nature of truth and evidence.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Alethoscope</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*leth"o*scope</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ true + <?/ to view.]</ety> <def>An instrument for viewing pictures by means of a lens, so as to present them in their natural proportions and relations.</def>

<h1>Aleuromancy</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*leu"ro*man`cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wheaten flour + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aleuromancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of flour.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Aleurometer</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`eu*rom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flour + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for determining the expansive properties, or quality, of gluten in flour.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Aleurone</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*leu"rone</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flour.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An albuminoid substance which occurs in minute grains ("protein granules") in maturing seeds and tubers; -- supposed to be a modification of protoplasm.</def>

<h1>Aleuronic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`eu*ron"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the nature of aleurone.</def>

<i>D. C. Eaton.</i>

<h1>Aleutian, Aleutic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw><hw>A*leu"tian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*leu"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Said to be from the Russ. <ets>aleut</ets> a bold rock.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a chain of islands between Alaska and Kamtchatka; also, designating these islands.</def>

<h1>Alevin</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"e*vin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alevin</ets>, OF. <ets>alever</ets> to rear, fr. L. <ets>ad + levare</ets> to raise.]</ety> <def>Young fish; fry.</def>

<h1>Alew</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lew"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Halloo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Alewife</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Ale"wife`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alewives</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>A woman who keeps an alehouse.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Alewife</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Ale"wife`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alewives</plw>.</plu> <ety>[This word is properly <ets>aloof</ets>, the Indian name of a fish. See Winthrop on the culture of maize in America, "Phil Trans." No. 142, p. 1065, and Baddam's "Memoirs," vol. ii. p. 131.]<ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A North American fish <spn>(Clupea vernalis)</spn> of the Herring family. It is called also <altname>ellwife</altname>, <altname>ellwhop</altname>, <altname>branch herring</altname>. The name is locally applied to other related species.</def>

<mhw><h1>Alexanders, Alisanders</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`ex*an"ders</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`i*san"ders</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>alisaundre</ets>, OF. <ets>alissandere</ets>, fr. <ets>Alexander</ets> or <ets>Alexandria</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot)</fld> <def>A name given to two species of the genus <spn>Smyrnium</spn>, formerly cultivated and used as celery now is; -- called also <altname>horse parsely</altname>.</def>

<h1>Alexandrian</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`ex*an"dri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Alexandria in Egypt; <as>as, the <ex>Alexandrian</ex> library</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Applied to a kind of heroic verse. See <er>Alexandrine</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Alexandrine</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`ex*an"drine</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to Alexandria; Alexandrian.</def>

<i>Bancroft.</i>

<h1>Alexandrine</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`ex*an"drine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alexandrin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of verse consisting in English of twelve syllables.</def>

<blockquote>The needless <b>Alexandrine</b> ends the song,
That, like a wounded snake, drags its slow length along.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alexipharmac, Alexipharmacal</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw><hw>A*lex`i*phar"mac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*lex`i*phar"ma*cal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Alexipharmic</er>.]</ety> <def>Alexipharmic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Alexipharmic, Alexipharmical</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw><hw>A*lex`i*phar"mic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*lex`i*phar"mic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ keeping off poison; <?/ to keep off + <?/ drug, poison: cf. F. <ets>alexipharmaque</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Expelling or counteracting poison; antidotal.</def>

<h1>Alexipharmic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lex`i*phar"mic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An antidote against poison or infection; a counterpoison.</def>

<h1>Alexipyretic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lex`i*py*ret"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ burning heat, fever, <?/ fire.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Serving to drive off fever; antifebrile.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A febrifuge.</def></def2>

<h1>Alexiteric, Alexiterical</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw><hw>A*lex`i*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*lex`i*ter"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fit to keep off or help, fr. <?/ one who keeps off, helper; <?/ to keep off: cf. F. <ets>alexit\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(med.)</fld> <def>Resisting poison; obviating the effects of venom; alexipharmic.</def>

<h1>Alexiteric</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A*lex`i*ter"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a remedy, an amulet: cf. F. <ets>alexit\'8are</ets>, LL. <ets>alexiterium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A preservative against contagious and infectious diseases, and the effects of poison in general.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<mhw><h1>Alfa  or Alfa grass</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"fa</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> or <hw>Al"fa grass"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A plant (<spn>Macrochloa tenacissima</spn>) of North Africa; also, its fiber, used in paper making.</def>

<h1>Alfalfa</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*fal"fa</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The lucern <spn>(Medicago sativa)</spn>; -- so called in California, Texas, etc.</def>

<h1>Alfenide</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"fe*nide</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>An alloy of nickel and silver electroplated with silver.</def>

<h1>Alferes</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*fe"res</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. Ar. <ets>al-f\'bers</ets> knight.]</ety> <def>An ensign; a standard bearer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Alfet</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"fet</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>alfetum</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>\'belf\'91t</ets> a pot to boil in; <ets>\'bel</ets> burning + <ets>f\'91t</ets> vat.]</ety> <def>A caldron of boiling water into which an accused person plunged his forearm as a test of innocence or guilt.</def>

<h1>Alfilaria</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*fil`a*ri"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pin grass (<spn>Erodium cicutarium</spn>), a weed in California.</def>

<h1>Alfione</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`fi*o"ne</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An edible marine fish of California (<spn>Rhacochilus toxotes</spn>).</def>

<h1>Alfresco</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*fres"co</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>al fresco</ets> in or on the fresh.]</ety> <def>In the open-air.</def>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Alga</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"ga</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alg\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., seaweed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of seaweed; <plu>pl</plu>. the class of cellular cryptogamic plants which includes the black, red, and green seaweeds, as kelp, dulse, sea lettuce, also marine and fresh water conferv\'91, etc.</def>

<h1>Algal</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"gal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or like, alg\'91.</def>

<h1>Algaroba</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`ga*ro"ba</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>algarroba</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al-kharr<?/bah</ets>. Cf. <er>Carob</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The Carob, a leguminous tree of the Mediterranean region; also, its edible beans or pods, called <i>St. John's bread</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The Honey mesquite <spn>(Prosopis juliflora)</spn>, a small tree found from California to Buenos Ayres; also, its sweet, pulpy pods. A valuable gum, resembling gum arabic, is collected from the tree in Texas and Mexico.</def>

<h1>Algarot, Algaroth</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw><hw>Al"ga*rot</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"ga*roth</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>algaroth</ets>, fr. the name of the inventor, <ets>Algarotti</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A term used for the Powder of Algaroth, a white powder which is a compound of trichloride and trioxide of antimony. It was formerly used in medicine as an emetic, purgative, and diaphoretic.</def>

<h1>Algarovilla</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`ga*ro*vil"la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The agglutinated seeds and husks of the legumes of a South American tree <spn>(Inga Marth\'91)</spn>. It is valuable for tanning leather, and as a dye.</def>

<h1>Algate, Algates</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw><hw>Al"gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"gates</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>All</ets> + <ets>gate</ets> way. The s is an adverbial ending. See <er>Gate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Always; wholly; everywhere.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ulna now he <b>algates</b> must forego.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Still used in the north of England in the sense of "everywhere."</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By any or means; at all events.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Notwithstanding; yet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Algazel</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"ga*zel`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>al</ets> the + <ets>ghaz\'bel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The true gazelle.</def>

<h1>Algebra</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"ge*bra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>algebra</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al-jebr</ets> reduction of parts to a whole, or fractions to whole numbers, fr. <ets>jabara</ets> to bind together, consolidate; <ets>al</ets>-<ets>jebr w'almuq\'bebalah</ets> reduction and comparison (by equations): cf. F. <ets>alg\'8abre</ets>, It. & Sp. <ets>algebra</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>That branch of mathematics which treats of the relations and properties of quantity by means of letters and other symbols. It is applicable to those relations that are true of every kind of magnitude.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A treatise on this science.</def>

<h1>Algebraic, Algebraical</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw><hw>Al`ge*bra"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`ge*bra"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to algebra; containing an operation of algebra, or deduced from such operation; <as>as, <ex>algebraic</ex> characters; <ex>algebraical</ex> writings.</as></def>

<cs><col>Algebraic curve</col>, <cd>a curve such that the equation which expresses the relation between the co\'94rdinates of its points involves only the ordinary operations of algebra; -- opposed to a <i>transcendental curve<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Algebraically</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`ge*bra"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By algebraic process.</def>

<h1>Algebraist</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"ge*bra`ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in algebra.</def>

<h1>Algebraize</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"ge*bra*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To perform by algebra; to reduce to algebraic form.</def>

<h1>Algerian</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*ge"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Algeria.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Algeria.</def>

<h1>Algerine</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`ge*rine"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Algiers or Algeria.</def>

<h1>Algerine</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`ge*rine"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or one of the people of Algiers or Algeria. Also, a pirate.</def>

<h1>Algid</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"gid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>algidus</ets> cold, fr. <ets>algere</ets> to be cold: cf. F. <ets>algide</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cold; chilly.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<cs><col>Algid cholera</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>Asiatic cholera.</cd></cs>

<h1>Algidity</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*gid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Chilliness; coldness</def>; especially <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <def>coldness and collapse.</def>

<h1>Algidness</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"gid*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Algidity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Algific</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*gif"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>algificus</ets>, fr. <ets>algus</ets> cold + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Producing cold.</def>

<h1>Algoid</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"goid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alga + -oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of, or resembling, an alga.</def>

<h1>Algol</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"gol</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>gh<?/l</ets> destruction, calamity, fr. <ets>gh\'bela</ets> to take suddenly, destroy.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A fixed star, in Medusa's head, in the constellation Perseus, remarkable for its periodic variation in brightness.</def>

<h1>Algological</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`go*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to algology; <as>as, <ex>algological</ex> specimens</as>.</def>

<h1>Algologist</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*gol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One learned about alg\'91; a student of algology.</def>

<h1>Algology</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*gol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alga</ets> seaweed + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The study or science of alg\'91 or seaweeds.</def>

<h1>Algonquin, Algonkin</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw><hw>Al*gon"quin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al*gon"kin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a widely spread family of Indians, including many distinct tribes, which formerly occupied most of the northern and eastern part of North America. The name was originally applied to a group of Indian tribes north of the River St. Lawrence.</def>

<h1>Algor</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"gor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Cold; chilliness.</def>

<h1>Algorism, Algorithm</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw><hw>Al"go*rism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"go*rithm</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>algorism</ets>, <ets>algrim</ets>, <ets>augrim</ets>, OF. <ets>algorisme</ets>, F. <ets>algorithme</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>algoritmo</ets>, OSp. <ets>alguarismo</ets>, LL. <ets>algorismus</ets>), fr. the Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>Khow\'berezm\'c6</ets> of Khow\'berezm, the modern Khiwa, surname of Abu Ja'far Mohammed ben Mus\'be, author of a work on arithmetic early in the 9th century, which was translated into Latin, such books bearing the name <ets>algorismus</ets>. The spelling with <ets>th</ets> is due to a supposed connection with Gr. <?/ number.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of calculating by nine figures and zero.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The art of calculating with any species of notation; <as>as, the <ex>algorithms</ex> of fractions, proportions, surds, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Algous</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"gous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>algosus</ets>, fr. <ets>alga</ets> seaweed.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the alg\'91, or seaweeds; abounding with, or like, seaweed.</def>

<h1>Alguazil</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`gua*zil"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>alguacil</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>alwaz\'c6r</ets> the vizier. Cf. <er>Vizier</er>.]</ety> <def>An inferior officer of justice in Spain; a warrant officer; a constable.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<h1>Algum</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"gum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Almug</er> (and etymologically preferable).</def>

<i>2 Chron. ii. 8.</i>

<h1>Alhambra</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*ham"bra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ultimately fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets> the + <ets>hamr\'be</ets> red; <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., the red (<ets>sc</ets>. house).]</ety> <def>The palace of the Moorish kings at Granada.</def>

<h1>Alhambraic, Alhambresque</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw><hw>Al`ham*bra"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`ham*bresque"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made or decorated after the fanciful style of the ornamentation in the Alhambra, which affords an unusually fine exhibition of Saracenic or Arabesque architecture.</def>

<h1>Alhenna</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al*hen"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Henna</er>.</def>

<h1>Alias</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A"li*as</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>alius</ets>. See <er>Else</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Otherwise; otherwise called; -- a term used in legal proceedings to connect the different names of any one who has gone by two or more, and whose true name is for any cause doubtful; <as>as, Smith, <ex>alias</ex> Simpson</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>At another time.</def>

<h1>Alias</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>A"li*as</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aliases</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., otherwise, at another time.]<ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A second or further writ which is issued after a first writ has expired without effect.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Another name; an assumed name.</def>

<h1>Alibi</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"i*bi</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., elsewhere, at another place. See <er>Alias</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The plea or mode of defense under which a person on trial for a crime proves or attempts to prove that he was in another place when the alleged act was committed; <as>as, to set up an <ex>alibi</ex>; to prove an <ex>alibi</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Alibility</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being alible.</def>

<h1>Alible</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"i*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>alere</ets> to nourish.]</ety> <def>Nutritive; nourishing.</def>

<h1>Alicant</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"i*cant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of wine, formerly much esteemed; -- said to have been made near Alicant, in Spain.</def>

<i>J. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Alidade</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"i*dade</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>alidada</ets>, <ets>alhidada</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al-'id\'beda</ets> a sort of rule: cf. F. <ets>alidade</ets>.]</ety> <def>The portion of a graduated instrument, as a quadrant or astrolabe, carrying the sights or telescope, and showing the degrees cut off on the arc of the instrument</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Alien</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"ien</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>alien</ets>, L. <ets>alienus</ets>, fr. <ets>alius</ets> another; properly, therefore, belonging to another. See <er>Else</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not belonging to the same country, land, or government, or to the citizens or subjects thereof; foreign; <as>as, <ex>alien</ex> subjects, enemies, property, shores</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wholly different in nature; foreign; adverse; inconsistent (<i>with</i>); incongruous; -- followed by <i>from</i> or sometimes by <i>to</i>; <as>as, principles <ex>alien</ex> from our religion</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>alien</b> sound of melancholy.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Alien enemy</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one who owes allegiance to a government at war with ours.</cd> <i>Abbott.</i></cs>

<h1>Alien</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"ien</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A foreigner; one owing allegiance, or belonging, to another country; a foreign-born resident of a country in which he does not posses the privileges of a citizen. Hence, a stranger. See <er>Alienage</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One excluded from certain privileges; one alienated or estranged; <as>as, <ex>aliens</ex> from God's mercies</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Aliens</b> from the common wealth of Israel.
<i>Ephes. ii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alien</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"ien</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ali\'82ner</ets>, L. <ets>alienare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To alienate; to estrange; to transfer, as property or ownership.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "It the son <i>alien</i> lands."

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<blockquote>The prince was totally <b>aliened</b> from all thoughts of . . . the marriage.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alienability</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al`ien*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capability of being alienated.</def> "The <i>alienability</i> of the domain."

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Alienable</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"ien*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ali\'82nable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being alienated, sold, or transferred to another; <as>as, land is <ex>alienable</ex> according to the laws of the state</as>.</def>

<h1>Alienage</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, 38 ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>, <ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8 <i>[Prior]</i>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta Glechoma)</spn>.</def>>

<hw>Al"ien*age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>ali\'82nage</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or legal condition of being an alien.</def>

<note>&hand; The disabilities of <i>alienage</i> are removable by naturalization or by special license from the State of residence, and in some of the United States by declaration of intention of naturalization.</note>

<i>Kent. Wharton.</i>

<blockquote>Estates forfeitable on account of <b>alienage</b>.
<i>Story.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being alienated or transferred to another.</def>

<i>Brougham.</i>

<hr>
<page="39">
Page 39<p>

<h1>Alienate</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al"ien*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alienatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>alienare</ets>, fr. <ets>alienus</ets>. See <er>Alien</er>, and cf. <er>Aliene</er>.]</ety> <def>Estranged; withdrawn in affection; foreign; -- with <i>from</i>.</def>

<blockquote>O <b>alienate</b> from God.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alienate</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al"ien*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alienated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alienating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To convey or transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to part voluntarily with ownership of.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To withdraw, as the affections; to make indifferent of averse, where love or friendship before subsisted; to estrange; to wean; -- with <i>from</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The errors which . . . <b>alienated</b> a loyal gentry and priesthood from the House of Stuart.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The recollection of his former life is a dream that only the more <b>alienates</b> him from the realities of the present.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alienate</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al"ien*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stranger; an alien.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Alienation</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al`ien*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ali\'82nation</ets>, L. <ets>alienatio</ets>, fr. <ets>alienare</ets>, fr. <ets>alienare</ets>. See <er>Alienate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of alienating, or the state of being alienated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A transfer of title, or a legal conveyance of property to another.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A withdrawing or estrangement, as of the affections.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>alienation</b> of his heart from the king.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Mental alienation; derangement of the mental faculties; insanity; <as>as, <ex>alienation</ex> of mind</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; aberration; mania; delirium; frenzy; dementia; monomania. See <er>Insanity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Alienator</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al"ien*a"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who alienates.</def>

<h1>Aliene</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al*iene</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To alien or alienate; to transfer, as title or property; <as>as, <ex>to aliene</ex> an estate</as>.</def>

<h1>Alienee</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al"ien*ee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One to whom the title of property is transferred; -- opposed to <i>alienor</i>.</def>

<blockquote>It the <b>alienee</b> enters and keeps possession.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alienism</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al"ien*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The status or legal condition of an alien; alienage.</def>

<blockquote>The law was very gentle in the construction of the disability of <b>alienism</b>.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The study or treatment of diseases of the mind.</def>

<h1>Alienist</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al"ien*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ali\'82niste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who treats diseases of the mind.</def>

<i>Ed. Rev.</i>

<h1>Alienor</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al`ien*or"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ali\'82neur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who alienates or transfers property to another.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Aliethmoid, Aliethmoidal</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw><hw>Al`i*eth"moid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`i*eth*moid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ala</ets> wing + E. <ets>ethomoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to expansions of the ethmoid bone or <?/artilage.</def>

<h1>Alife</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>A*life"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>lief</ets> dear.]</ety> <def>On my life; dearly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "I love that sport <i>alife</i>."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Aliferous</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>A*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ala</ets> wing + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having wings, winged; aligerous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Aliform</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>Al"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ala</ets> wing + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wing-shaped; winglike.</def>

<h1>Aligerous</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>A*lig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aliger</ets>; <ets>ala</ets> wing + <ets>gerere</ets> to carry.]</ety> <def>Having wings; winged.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Alight</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>A*light"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alighted</er> <tt>(#)</tt> sometimes <er>Alit</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alighting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>alihten</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>\'bel\'c6htan</ets>; pref. <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, G. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>l\'c6htan</ets>, to alight, orig. to render light, to remove a burden from, fr. <ets>l\'c6ht</ets>, <ets>leoht</ets>, light. See <er>Light</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To spring down, get down, or descend, as from on horseback or from a carriage; to dismount.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To descend and settle, lodge, rest, or stop; <as>as, a flying bird <ex>alights</ex> on a tree; snow <ex>alights</ex> on a roof.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To come or chance (<i>upon</i>).</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Alight</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>A*light"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>light</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lighted; lighted up; in a flame.</def> "The lamps were <i>alight</i>."

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Align</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>A*lign"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aligner</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>ligne</ets> (L. <ets>linea</ets>) line. See <er>Line</er>, and cf. <er>Allineate</er>.]</ety> <def>To adjust or form to a line; to range or form in line; to bring into line; to aline.</def>

<h1>Align</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>A*lign"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form in line; to fall into line.</def>

<h1>Alignment</h1>
<Xpage=39>

<hw>A*lign"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alignement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adjusting to a line; arrangement in a line or lines; the state of being so adjusted; a formation in a straight line; also, the line of adjustment; esp., an imaginary line to regulate the formation of troops or of a squadron.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>The ground-plan of a railway or other road, in distinction from the grades or profile.</def>

<h1>Alike</h1>
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<hw>A*like"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>onl\'c6c</ets>, <ets>gel\'c6c</ets>; pref. <ets>\'be + like</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having resemblance or similitude; similar; without difference. [Now used only predicatively.]</def>

<blockquote>The darkness and the light are both <b>alike</b> to thee.
<i>Ps. cxxxix. 12.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alike</h1>
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<hw>A*like"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gel\'c6ce</ets>, <ets>onl\'c6ce</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the same manner, form, or degree; in common; equally; <as>as, we are all <ex>alike</ex> concerne<?/ in religion</as>.</def>

<h1>Alike-minded</h1>
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<hw>A*like"-mind`ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like-minded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aliment</h1>
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<hw>Al"i*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alimentum</ets>, fr. <ets>alere</ets> to nourish; akin to Goth. <ets>alan</ets> to grow, Icel. <ets>ala</ets> to nourish: cf. F. <ets>aliment</ets>. See <er>Old</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which nourishes; food; nutriment; anything which feeds or adds to a substance in natural growth. Hence: The necessaries of life generally: sustenance; means of support.</def>

<blockquote><b>Aliments</b> of thei<?/ sloth and weakness.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An allowance for maintenance.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Aliment</h1>
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<hw>Al"i*ment</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To nourish; to support.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To provide for the maintenance of.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Alimental</h1>
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<hw>Al`i*men"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Supplying food; having the quality of nourishing; furnishing the materials for natural growth; <as>as, <ex>alimental</ex> sap</as>.</def>

<h1>Alimentally</h1>
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<hw>A`li*men"tal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to serve for nourishment or food; nourishing quality.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Alimentariness</h1>
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<hw>Al`i*men"ta*ri*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being alimentary; nourishing quality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Alimentary</h1>
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<hw>Al`i*men"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alimentarius</ets>, fr. <ets>alimentum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alimentaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to aliment or food, or to the function of nutrition; nutritious; alimental; <as>as, <ex>alimentary</ex> substances</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Alimentary canal</col>, <cd>the entire channel, extending from the mouth to the anus, by which aliments are conveyed through the body, and the useless parts ejected.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alimentation</h1>
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<hw>Al`i*men*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alimentation</ets>, LL. <ets>alimentatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of affording nutriment; the function of the alimentary canal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>State or mode of being nourished.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Alimentiveness</h1>
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<hw>Al`i*men"tive*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The instinct or faculty of appetite for food.</def>   <mark>[Chiefly in Phrenol.]</mark>

<h1>Alimonious</h1>
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<hw>Al`i*mo"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affording food; nourishing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Alimonious</i> humors."

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Alimony</h1>
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<hw>Al"i*mo*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alimonia</ets>, <ets>alimonium</ets>, nourishment, sustenance, fr. <ets>alere</ets> to nourish.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Maintenance; means of living.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An allowance made to a wife out of her husband's estate or income for her support, upon her divorce or legal separation from him, or during a suit for the same.</def>

<i>Wharton. Burrill.</i>

<h1>Alinasal</h1>
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<hw>Al`i*na"sal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ala</ets> wing + E. <ets>nasal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to expansions of the nasal bone or cartilage.</def>

<h1>Aline</h1>
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<hw>A*line"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To range or place in a line; to bring into line; to align.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Alineation</h1>
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<hw>A*lin`e*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Allineation</er>.</def>

<h1>Alinement</h1>
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<hw>A*line"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Alignment</er>.</def>

<note>[The Eng. form <i>alinement</i> is preferable to <i>alignment</i>, a bad spelling of the French].</note>

<i>New Eng. Dict. (Murray).</i>

<h1>Aliner</h1>
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<hw>A*lin"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adjusts things to a line or lines or brings them into line.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Alioth</h1>
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<hw>Al"i*oth</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>aly\'bet</ets> the tail of a fat sheep.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A star in the tail of the Great Bear, the one next the bowl in the Dipper.</def>

<h1>Aliped</h1>
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<hw>Al"i*ped</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alipes</ets>; <ets>ala</ets> wing + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot: cf. F. <ets>alip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Wing-footed, as the bat.</def>  -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> <def>An animal whose toes are connected by a membrane, serving for a wing, as the bat.</def>

<h1>Aliquant</h1>
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<hw>Al"i*quant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aliquantus</ets> some, moderate; <ets>alius</ets> other + <ets>quantus</ets> how great: cf. F. <ets>aliquante</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An <i>aliquant</i> part of a number or quantity is one which does not divide it without leaving a remainder; thus, 5 is an <i>aliquant</i> part of 16. Opposed to <i>aliquot</i>.</def>

<h1>Aliquot</h1>
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<hw>Al"i*quot</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aliquot</ets> some, several; <ets>alius</ets> other + <ets>quot</ets> how many: cf. F. <ets>aliquote</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An <i>aliquot</i> part of a number or quantity is one which will divide it without a remainder; thus, 5 is an <i>aliquot</i> part of 15. Opposed to <i>aliquant</i>.</def>

<h1>Aliseptal</h1>
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<hw>Al`i*sep"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ala</ets> wing + E. <ets>septal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Relating to expansions of the nasal septum.</def>

<h1>Alish</h1>
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<hw>Al"ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like ale; <as>as, an <ex>alish</ex> taste</as>.</def>

<h1>Alisphenoid, Alisphenoidal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`i*sphe"noid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`i*sphe*noid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ala</ets> wing + E. <ets>sphenoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to or forming the wing of the sphenoid; relating to a bone in the base of the skull, which in the adult is often consolidated with the sphenoid; <as>as, <ex>alisphenoid</ex> bone; <ex>alisphenoid</ex> canal.</as></def>

<h1>Alisphenoid</h1>
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<hw>Al`i*sphe"noid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The alisphenoid bone.</def>

<h1>Alitrunk</h1>
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<hw>Al"i*trunk</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ala</ets> wing + <ets>truncus</ets> trunk.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The segment of the body of an insect to which the wings are attached; the thorax.</def>

<i>Kirby.</i>

<h1>Aliturgical</h1>
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<hw>Al`i*tur"gic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>liturgical</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Applied to those days when the holy sacrifice is not offered.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Aliunde</h1>
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<hw>A`li*un"de</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>From another source; from elsewhere; <as>as, a case proved <ex>aliunde</ex>; evidence <ex>aliunde</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Alive</h1>
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<hw>A*live"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>on live</ets>, AS. <ets>on l\'c6fe</ets> in life; <ets>l\'c6fe</ets> being dat. of <ets>l\'c6f</ets> life. See <er>Life</er>, and cf. <er>Live</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having life, in opposition to <i>dead</i>; living; being in a state in which the organs perform their functions; <as>as, an animal or a plant which is <ex>alive</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a state of action; in force or operation; unextinguished; unexpired; existent; <as>as, to keep the fire <ex>alive</ex>; to keep the affections <ex>alive</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Exhibiting the activity and motion of many living beings; swarming; thronged.</def>

<blockquote>The Boyne, for a quarter of a mile, was <b>alive</b> with muskets and green boughs.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Sprightly; lively; brisk.</def>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Having susceptibility; easily impressed; having lively feelings, as opposed to apathy; sensitive.</def>

<blockquote>Tremblingly <b>alive</b> to nature's laws.
<i>Falconer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Of all living (by way of emphasis).</def>

<blockquote>Northumberland was the proudest man <b>alive</b>.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<note>Used colloquially as an intensive; as, <i>man alive!</i></note>

<note>&hand; <i>Alive</i> always follows the noun which it qualifies.</note>

<h1>Alizari</h1>
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<hw>A`li*za"ri</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. fr. Ar. <ets>'a<?/\'berah</ets> juice extracted from a plant, fr. <ets>'a<?/ara</ets> to press.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The madder of the Levant.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Alizarin</h1>
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<hw>A*liz"a*rin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alizarine</ets>, fr. <ets>alizari</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A coloring principle, <chform>C14H6O2(OH)2</chform>, found in madder, and now produced artificially from anthracene. It produces the Turkish reds.</def>

<h1>Alkahest</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*hest</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>alchahest</ets>, F. <ets>alcahest</ets>, a word that has an Arabic appearance, but was probably arbitrarily formed by Paracelsus.]</ety> <def>The fabled "universal solvent" of the alchemists; a menstruum capable of dissolving all bodies.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Al`ka*hes"tic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Alkalamide</h1>
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<hw>Al`kal*am"ide</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Alkali</ets> + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of compounds that may be regarded as ammonia in which a part of the hydrogen has been replaced by basic, and another part by acid, atoms or radicals.</def>

<h1>Alkalescence, Alkalescency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`ka*les`cence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`ka*les"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tendency to become alkaline; or the state of a substance in which alkaline properties begin to be developed, or to predominant.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Alkalescent</h1>
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<hw>Al`ka*les"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcalescent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to the properties of an alkali; slightly alkaline.</def>

<h1>Alkali</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*li</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alkalis</plw> or <plw>Alkalies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>alcali</ets>, ultimately fr. Ar. <ets>alqal\'c6</ets> ashes of the plant saltwort, fr. <ets>qalay</ets> to roast in a pan, fry.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, ammoma, and lithia, whose distinguishing peculiarities are solubility in alcohol and water, uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and changing reddened litmus to blue.</def>

<cs><col>Fixed alkalies</col>, <cd>potash and soda.</cd> -- <col>Vegetable alkalies</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Alkaloids</er>.</cd> -- <col>Volatile alkali</col>, <cd>ammonia, so called in distinction from the fixed alkalies.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alkalifiable</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*li*fi`a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcalifiable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being alkalified, or converted into an alkali.</def>

<h1>Alkalify</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*li*fy</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alkalified</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alkalifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Alkali</ets> + <ets>-fly</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alcalifier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To convert into an alkali; to give alkaline properties to.</def>

<h1>Alkalify</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*li*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become changed into an alkali.</def>

<h1>Alkalimeter</h1>
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<hw>Al`ka*lim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Alkali</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>. cf. F. <ets>alcalim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument to ascertain the strength of alkalies, or the quantity of alkali in a mixture.</def>

<h1>Alkalimetric, Alkalimetrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`ka*li*met"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`ka*li*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to alkalimetry.</def>

<h1>Alkalimetry</h1>
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<hw>Al`ka*lim"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcalim\'8atrie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The art or process of ascertaining the strength of alkalies, or the quantity present in alkaline mixtures.</def>

<h1>Alkaline</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*line</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcalin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an alkali or to alkalies; having the properties of an alkali.</def>

<cs><col>Alkaline earths</col>, <cd>certain substances, as lime, baryta, strontia, and magnesia, possessing some of the qualities of alkalies.</cd> -- <col>Alkaline metals</col>, <cd>potassium, sodium, c\'91sium, lithium, rubidium.</cd> -- <col>Alkaline reaction</col>, <cd>a reaction indicating alkalinity, as by the action on limits, turmeric, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alkalinity</h1>
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<hw>Al`ka*lin"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality which constitutes an alkali; alkaline property.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Alkalious</h1>
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<hw>Al*ka"li*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Alkaline.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Alkalizate</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*li*zate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Alkaline.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Alkalizate</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*li**zate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To alkalizate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Alkalization</h1>
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<hw>Al`ka*li*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcalisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act rendering alkaline by impregnating with an alkali; a conferring of alkaline qualities.</def>

<h1>Alkalize</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*lize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alkalized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alkalizing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcaliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To render alkaline; to communicate the properties of an alkali to.</def>

<h1>Alkaloid, Alkaloidal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al"ka*loid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`ka*loid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Alkali</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alcalo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, alkali.</def>

<h1>Alkaloid</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*loid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An organic base, especially one of a class of substances occurring ready formed in the tissues of plants and the bodies of animals.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Alcaloids</i> all contain nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen, and many of them also contain oxygen. They include many of the active principles in plants; thus, morphine and narcotine are <i>alkaloids</i> found in opium.</note>

<h1>Alkanet</h1>
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<hw>Al"ka*net</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of Sp. <ets>alcana</ets>, <ets>alhe<?/a</ets>, in which <ets>al</ets> is the Ar. article. See <er>Henna</er>, <er>and cf</er>. <er>Orchanet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A dyeing matter extracted from the roots of <i>Alkanna tinctoria</i>, which gives a fine deep red color.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A boraginaceous herb <spn>(Alkanna tinctoria)</spn> yielding the dye; orchanet.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The similar plant <spn>Anchusa officinalis</spn>; bugloss; also, the American puccoon.</def>

<h1>Alkargen</h1>
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<hw>Al*kar"gen</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Alkar</ets>sin + oxy<ets>gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Cacodylic acid</er>.</def>

<h1>Alkarsin</h1>
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<hw>Al*kar"sin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Alkali</ets> + <ets>ars</ets>enic + <ets>-in</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A spontaneously inflammable liquid, having a repulsive odor, and consisting of cacodyl and its oxidation products; -- called also <altname>Cadel's fuming liquid</altname>.</def>

<h1>Alkazar</h1>
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<hw>Al*ka"zar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>See <er>Alcazar</er>.</def>

<h1>Alkekengi</h1>
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<hw>Al`ke*ken"gi</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alk\'82kenge</ets>, Sp. <ets>alquequenje</ets>, ultimately fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>k\'bekanj</ets> a kind of resin from Herat.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herbaceous plant of the nightshade family <spn>(Physalis alkekengi)</spn> and its fruit, which is a well flavored berry, the size of a cherry, loosely inclosed in a enlarged leafy calyx; -- also called <i>winter cherry</i>, <i>ground cherry</i>, and <i>strawberry tomato</i>.</def>

<i>D. C. Eaton.</i>

<h1>Alkermes</h1>
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<hw>Al*ker"mes</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>qirmiz</ets> kermes. See <er>Kermes</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Pharmacy)</fld> <def>A compound cordial, in the form of a confection, deriving its name from the kermes insect, its principal ingredient.</def>

<h1>Alkoran</h1>
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<hw>Al"ko*ran</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Mohammedan Scriptures. Same as <er>Alcoran</er> and <er>Koran</er>.</def>

<h1>Alkoranic</h1>
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<hw>Al`ko*ran"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Alcoranic</er>.</def>

<h1>Alkoranist</h1>
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<hw>Al`ko*ran"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Alcoranist</er>.</def>

<h1>All</h1>
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<hw>All</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>al</ets>, pl. <ets>alle</ets>, AS. <ets>eal</ets>, pl. <ets>ealle</ets>, Northumbrian <ets>alle</ets>, akin to D. & OHG. <ets>al</ets>, Ger. <ets>all</ets>, Icel. <ets>allr</ets>. Dan. <ets>al</ets>, Sw. <ets>all</ets>, Goth. <ets>alls</ets>; and perh. to Ir. and Gael. <ets>uile</ets>, W. <ets>oll</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The whole quantity, extent, duration, amount, quality, or degree of; the whole; the whole number of; any whatever; every; <as>as, <ex>all</ex> the wheat; <ex>all</ex> the land; <ex>all</ex> the year; <ex>all</ex> the strength; <ex>all</ex> happiness; <ex>all</ex> abundance; loss of <ex>all</ex> power; beyond <ex>all</ex> doubt; you will see us <ex>all</ex> (or all of us).</as></def>

<blockquote>Prove <b>all</b> things: hold fast that which is good.
<i>1 Thess. v. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Without <i>all</i> remedy."

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; When the definite article "the," or a possessive or a demonstrative pronoun, is joined to the noun that <i>all</i> qualifies, <i>all</i> precedes the article or the pronoun; as, <i>all</i> the cattle; <i>all</i> my labor; <i>all</i> his wealth; <i>all</i> our families; <i>all</i> your citizens; <i>all</i> their property; <i>all</i> other joys.</note>

<note>This word, not only in popular language, but in the Scriptures, often signifies, indefinitely, a large portion or number, or a great part. Thus, <i>all</i> the cattle in Egypt died, <i>all</i> Judea and <i>all</i> the region round about Jordan, <i>all</i> men held John as a prophet, are not to be understood in a literal sense, but as including a large part, or very great numbers.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Only; alone; nothing but.</def>

<blockquote>I was born to speak <b>all</b> mirth and no matter.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>All the whole</col>, <cd>the whole (emphatically). <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>All the whole<i> army."</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>All</h1>
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<hw>All</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wholly; completely; altogether; entirely; quite; very; <as>as, <ex>all</ex> bedewed; my friend is <ex>all</ex> for amusement.</as></def> "And cheeks <i>all</i> pale."

<i>Byron.</i>

<hr>
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Page 40<p>

<note>&hand; In the ancient phrases, <i>all</i> too dear, <i>all</i> too much, <i>all</i> so long, etc., this word retains its appropriate sense or becomes intensive.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Even; just.</def> (Often a mere intensive adjunct.) <mark>[Obs. or Poet.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>All</b> as his straying flock he fed.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A damsel lay deploring
<b>All</b> on a rock reclined.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>All to</col>, &or; <col>All-to</col></mcol>. <cd>In such phrases as "<i>all to</i> rent," "<i>all to break</i>," "<i>all-to</i> frozen," etc., which are of frequent occurrence in our old authors, the <i>all</i> and the <i>to</i> have commonly been regarded as forming a compound adverb, equivalent in meaning to <i>entirely</i>, <i>completely</i>, <i>altogether</i>. But the sense of entireness lies wholly in the word <i>all</i> (as it does in "<i>all</i> forlorn," and similar expressions), and the <i>to</i> properly belongs to the following word, being a kind of intensive prefix (orig. meaning <i>asunder</i> and answering to the LG. <i>ter-</i>, HG. <i>zer-</i>). It is frequently to be met with in old books, used without the <i>all</i>. Thus Wyclif says, "The vail of the temple was <i>to rent</i>:" and of Judas, "He was hanged and <i>to-burst</i> the middle:" <it>i. e.</it>, burst in two, or asunder.</cd> -- <col>All along</col>. <cd>See under <er>Along</er>.</cd> -- <col>All and some</col>, <cd>individually and collectively, one and all.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Displeased <i>all and some</i>." <i>Fairfax</i>. -- <col>All but</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Scarcely; not even.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Almost; nearly.</cd>  "The fine arts were </i>all but</i> proscribed."</cd> <i>Macaulay</i>. -- <col>All hollow</col>, entirely, completely; <as>as, to beat any one <ex>all hollow</ex></as>.</cd> <mark>[Low]</mark> -- <col>All one</col>, <cd>the same thing in effect; that is, wholly the same thing.</cd> -- <col>All over</col>, <cd>over the whole extent; thoroughly; wholly; <as>as, she is her mother <ex>all over</ex></as>.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>All the better</col>, <cd>wholly the better; that is, better by the whole difference.</cd> -- <col>All the same</col>, <cd>nevertheless.</cd>  "There they [certain phenomena] remain rooted <i>all the same</i>, whether we recognize them or not." <i>J. C. Shairp</i>. "But Rugby is a very nice place <i>all the same<i>." <i>T. Arnold</i>. -- See also under <er>All</er>, <tt>n.<tt></cs>

<h1>All</h1>
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<hw>All</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The whole number, quantity, or amount; the entire thing; everything included or concerned; the aggregate; the whole; totality; everything or every person; <as>as, our <ex>all</ex> is at stake</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Death, as the Psalmist saith, is certain to <b>all</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>All</b> that thou seest is mine.
<i>Gen. xxxi. 43.</i></blockquote>

<note><i>All<i> is used with <it>of</it>, like a partitive; as, <i>all<i> of a thing, <i>all<i> of us.</note>

<cs><col>After all</col>, <cd>after considering everything to the contrary; nevertheless.</cd> -- <col>All in all</col>, <cd>a phrase which signifies <i>all<i> things to a person, or everything desired; (also <i>adverbially<i>) wholly; altogether.</cd>

<blockquote>Thou shalt be <b>all in all</b>, and I in thee,
Forever.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Trust me not at all, or <b>all in all</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>All in the wind</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a phrase denoting that the sails are parallel with the course of the wind, so as to shake.</cd> -- <col>All told</col>, <cd>all counted; in all.</cd> -- <col>And all</col>, <cd>and the rest; and everything connected.</cd> "Bring our crown <i>and all<i>." <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>At all</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In every respect; wholly; thoroughly.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "She is a shrew <i>at al(l)</i>." <i>Chaucer</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A phrase much used by way of enforcement or emphasis, usually in negative or interrogative sentences, and signifying <i>in any way or respect<i>; <i>in the least degree<i> or <i>to the least extent<i>; <i>in the least<i>; <i>under any circumstances<i>; as, he has no ambition <i>at all<i>; has he any property at all? "Nothing <i>at all<i>.</cd> " <i>Shak</i>. "It thy father <i>at all<i> miss me." <i>1 Sam. xx. 6<cd>.</cd> -- <col>Over all</col>, <cd>everywhere.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</cs>

<note>&hand; <i>All</i> is much used in composition to enlarge the meaning, or add force to a word. In some instances, it is completely incorporated into words, and its final consonant is dropped, as in <i>al</i>mighty, <i>al</i>ready, <i>al</i>ways: but, in most instances, it is an adverb prefixed to adjectives or participles, but usually with a hyphen, as, <i>all</i>-bountiful, <i>all</i>-glorious, <i>all</i>important, <i>all</i>-surrounding, etc. In others it is an adjective; as, <i>all</i>power, <i>all</i>-giver. Anciently many words, as, <i>al</i>about, <i>al</i>aground, etc., were compounded with <i>all</i>, which are now written separately.</note>

<h1>All</h1>
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<hw>All</hw>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[Orig. <ets>all</ets>, adv., wholly: used with <ets>though</ets> or <ets>if</ets>, which being dropped before the subjunctive left <ets>all</ets> as if in the sense <ets>although</ets>.]</ety> <def>Although; albeit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>All</b> they were wondrous loth.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alla breve</h1>
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<hw>Al`la bre"ve</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[It., according to the <ets>breve</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Church Music)</fld> <def>With one <i>breve</i>, or four minims, to measure, and sung faster like four crotchets; in quick common time; -- indicated in the time signature by <?/.</def>

<h1>Allah</h1>
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<hw>Al"lah</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[ contr. fr. the article <ets>al</ets> the + <ets>ilah</ets> God.]</ety> <def>The name of the Supreme Being, in use among the Arabs and the Mohammedans generally.</def>

<h1>All-a-mort</h1>
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<hw>All`-a-mort"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Alamort</er>.</def>

<h1>Allanite</h1>
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<hw>Al"lan*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From T. <ets>Allan</ets>, who first distinguished it as a species.]</ety> <fld>(min.)</fld> <def>A silicate containing a large amount of cerium. It is usually black in color, opaque, and is related to epidote in form and composition.</def>

<h1>Allantoic</h1>
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<hw>Al`lan*to"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>allanto\'8bque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or contained in, the allantois.</def>

<cs><col>Allantoic acid</col>. <cd><fld>(Chem.)</fld> See <er>Allantoin</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Allantoid, Allantoidal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al*lan"toid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`lan*toid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ shaped like a sausage; <?/ sausage + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the allantois.</def>

<h1>Allantoidea</h1>
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<hw>Al`lan*toid"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of Vertebrata in which the embryo develops an allantois. It includes reptiles, birds, and mammals.</def>

<h1>Allantoin</h1>
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<hw>Al*lan"to*in</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline, transparent, colorless substance found in the allantoic liquid of the fetal calf; -- formerly called <i>allantoic acid</i> and <i>amniotic acid</i>.</def>

<h1>Allantois, Allantoid</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al*lan"to*is</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al*lan"toid</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, } <tt>n.</tt>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A membranous appendage of the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles, -- in mammals serving to connect the fetus with the parent; the urinary vesicle.</def>

<h1>Allatrate</h1>
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<hw>Al"la*trate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>allatrare</ets>. See <er>Latrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To bark as a dog.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Stubbes.</i>

<h1>Allay</h1>
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<hw>Al*lay"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Allayed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Allaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>alaien</ets>, <ets>aleggen</ets>, to lay down, put down, humble, put an end to, AS. <ets>\'belecgan</ets>; <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, G. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>lecgan</ets> to lay; but confused with old forms of <ets>allege</ets>, <ets>alloy</ets>, <ets>alegge</ets>. See <er>Lay</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make quiet or put at rest; to pacify or appease; to quell; to calm; <as>as, to <ex>allay</ex> popular excitement; to <ex>allay</ex> the tumult of the passions.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To alleviate; to abate; to mitigate; <as>as, to <ex>allay</ex> the severity of affliction or the bitterness of adversity</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It would <b>allay</b> the burning quality of that fell poison.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To alleviate; check; repress; assuage; appease; abate; subdue; destroy; compose; soothe; calm; quiet. See <er>Alleviate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Allay</h1>
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<hw>Al*lay"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To diminish in strength; to abate; to subside.</def> "When the rage <i>allays</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Allay</h1>
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<hw>Al*lay"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Alleviation; abatement; check.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Allay</h1>
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<hw>Al*lay"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Alloy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Allay</h1>
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<hw>Al*lay"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mix (metals); to mix with a baser metal; to alloy; to deteriorate.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Allayer</h1>
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<hw>Al*lay"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, allays.</def>

<h1>Allayment</h1>
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<hw>Al*lay"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An allaying; that which allays; mitigation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The like <b>allayment</b> could I give my grief.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Allecret</h1>
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<hw>Al"le*cret</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>alecret</ets>, <ets>halecret</ets>, <ets>hallecret</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of light armor used in the sixteenth century, esp. by the Swiss.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Allect</h1>
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<hw>Al*lect"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>allectare</ets>, freq. of <ets>allicere</ets>, <ets>allectum</ets>.]</ety> <def>To allure; to entice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Allectation</h1>
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<hw>Al`lec*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>allectatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Enticement; allurement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Allective</h1>
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<hw>Al*lec"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>allectivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Alluring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Allective</h1>
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<hw>Al*lec"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Allurement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Alledge</h1>
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<hw>Al*ledge"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Allege</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; This spelling, corresponding to <i>abridge</i>, was once the prevailing one.</note>

<h1>Allegation</h1>
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<hw>Al`le*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>allegatio</ets>, fr. <ets>allegare</ets>, <ets>allegatum</ets>, to send a message, cite; later, to free by giving reasons; <ets>ad + legare</ets> to send, commission. Cf. <er>Allege</er> and <er>Adlegation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of alleging or positively asserting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is alleged, asserted, or declared; positive assertion; formal averment</def>

<blockquote>I thought their <b>allegation</b> but reasonable.
<i>Steele.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A statement by a party of what he undertakes to prove, -- usually applied to each separate averment; the charge or matter undertaken to be proved.</def>

<h1>Allege</h1>
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<hw>Al*lege"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alleged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alleging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aleggen</ets> to bring forward as evidence, OF. <ets>esligier</ets> to buy, prop. to free from legal difficulties, fr. an assumed LL. <ets>exlitigare</ets>; L. <ets>ex + litigare</ets> to quarrel, sue (see <er>Litigate</er>). The word was confused with L. <ets>allegare</ets> (see <er>Allegation</er>), and <ets>lex</ets> law. Cf. <er>Allay</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring forward with positiveness; to declare; to affirm; to assert; <as>as, to <ex>allege</ex> a fact</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cite or quote; <as>as, to <ex>allege</ex> the authority of a judge</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To produce or urge as a reason, plea, or excuse; <as>as, he refused to lend, <ex>alleging</ex> a resolution against lending</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To bring forward; adduce; advance; assign; produce; declare; affirm; assert; aver; predicate.</syn>

<h1>Allege</h1>
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<hw>Al*lege"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Allay</er>.]</ety> <def>To alleviate; to lighten, as a burden or a trouble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Allegeable</h1>
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<hw>Al*lege"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being alleged or affirmed.</def>

<blockquote>The most authentic examples <b>allegeable</b> in the case.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Allegeance</h1>
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<hw>Al*lege"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Allegation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Allegement</h1>
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<hw>Al*lege"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Allegation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With many complaints and <b>allegements</b>.
<i>Bp. Sanderson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alleger</h1>
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<hw>Al*leg"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who affirms or declares.</def>

<h1>Allegge</h1>
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<hw>Al*legge"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Alegge</er> and <er>Allay</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Allegiance</h1>
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<hw>Al*le"giance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>alegeaunce</ets>; pref. <ets>a-</ets> + OF. <ets>lige</ets>, <ets>liege</ets>. The meaning was influenced by L. <ets>ligare</ets> to bind, and even by <ets>lex</ets>, legis, law. See <er>Liege</er>, <er>Ligeance</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The tie or obligation, implied or expressed, which a subject owes to his sovereign or government; the duty of fidelity to one's king, government, or state.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Devotion; loyalty; <as>as, <ex>allegiance</ex> to science</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Loyalty; fealty.</syn>  -- <usage><er>Allegiance</er>, <er>Loyalty</er>. These words agree in expressing the general idea of fidelity and attachment to the "powers that be." <i>Allegiance</i> is an obligation to a ruling power. <i>Loyalty</i> is a feeling or sentiment towards such power. <i>Allegiance</i> may exist under any form of government, and, in a republic, we generally speak of <i>allegiance</i> to the government, to the state, etc. In well conducted monarchies, <i>loyalty</i> is a warm-hearted feeling of fidelity and obedience to the sovereign. It is personal in its nature; and hence we speak of the <i>loyalty</i> of a wife to her husband, not of her <i>allegiance</i>. In cases where we personify, <i>loyalty</i> is more commonly the word used; <as>as, <ex>loyalty</ex> to the constitution; <ex>loyalty</ex> to the cause of virtue; <ex>loyalty</xxex> to truth and religion, etc.</as></usage>

<blockquote>Hear me, recreant, on thine <b>allegiance</b> hear me!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So spake the Seraph Abdiel, faithful found, . . .
Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified,
His <b>loyalty</b> he kept, his love, his zeal.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Allegiant</h1>
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<hw>Al*le"giant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Loyal.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Allegoric, Allegorical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`le*gor"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`le*gor"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>all\'82gorique</ets>, L. <ets>allegorius</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Allegory</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or consisting of, allegory; of the nature of an allegory; describing by resemblances; figurative.</def>   "An <i>allegoric</i> tale." <i>Falconer</i>. "An <i>allegorical</i> application." <i>Pope</i>.

<blockquote><b>Allegorical</b> being . . . that kind of language which says one thing, but means another.
<i>Max Miller.</i></blockquote>

<wordforms><wf>Al`le*gor"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Al`le*gor"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Allegorist</h1>
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<hw>Al"le*go*rist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>allegoriste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who allegorizes; a writer of allegory.</def>

<i>Hume.</i>

<h1>Allegorization</h1>
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<hw>Al`le*gor"i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of turning into allegory, or of understanding in an allegorical sense.</def>

<h1>Allegorize</h1>
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<hw>Al"le*go*rize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Allegorized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Allegorizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>all\'82goriser</ets>, fr. L. <ets>allegorizare</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form or turn into allegory; <as>as, to <ex>allegorize</ex> the history of a people</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat as allegorical; to understand in an allegorical sense; <as>as, when a passage in a writer may understood literally or figuratively, he who gives it a figurative sense is said to <ex>allegorize</ex> it</as>.</def>

<h1>Allegorize</h1>
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<hw>Al"le*go*rize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To use allegory.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Allegorizer</h1>
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<hw>Al"le*go*ri`zer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who allegorizes, or turns things into allegory; an allegorist.</def>

<h1>Allegory</h1>
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<hw>Al"le*go*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Allegories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>allegoria</ets>, Gr. <?/, description of one thing under the image of another; <?/ other + <?/ to speak in the assembly, harangue, <?/ place of assembly, fr. <?/ to assemble: cf. F. <ets>all\'82gorie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A figurative sentence or discourse, in which the principal subject is described by another subject resembling it in its properties and circumstances. The real subject is thus kept out of view, and we are left to collect the intentions of the writer or speaker by the resemblance of the secondary to the primary subject.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything which represents by suggestive resemblance; an emblem.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Paint. & Sculpt.)</fld> <def>A figure representation which has a meaning beyond notion directly conveyed by the object painted or sculptured.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Metaphor; fable.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Allegory</er>, <er>Parable</er>. "An <i>allegory</i> differs both from fable and <i>parable</i>, in that the properties of persons are fictitiously represented as attached to things, to which they are as it were transferred.  . . . A figure of Peace and Victory crowning some historical personage is an <i>allegory</i>. "I am the Vine, ye are the branches" [<i>John xv. 1-6</i>] is a spoken <i>allegory</i>. In the <i>parable</i> there is no transference of properties. The <i>parable</i> of the sower [<i>Matt. xiii. 3-23</i>] represents all things as according to their proper nature. In the <i>allegory</i> quoted above the properties of the vine and the relation of the branches are transferred to the person of Christ and His apostles and disciples."</usage>

<i>C. J. Smith.</i>

<note>An <i>allegory</i> is a prolonged metaphor. Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress" and Spenser's "Fa\'89rie Queene" are celebrated examples of the <i>allegory</i>.</note>

<h1>Allegresse</h1>
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<hw>Al`le`gresse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>all\'82gresse</ets>, fr. L. <ets>alacer</ets> sprightly.]</ety> <def>Joy; gladsomeness.</def>

<h1>Allegretto</h1>
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<hw>Al`le*gret"to</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It., dim. of <ets>allegro</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Quicker than <i>andante</i>, but not so quick as <i>allegro</i>.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A movement in this time.</def>

<h1>Allegro</h1>
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<hw>Al*le"gro</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It., merry, gay, fr. L. <ets>alacer</ets> lively. Cf. <er>Aleger</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Brisk, lively.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An allegro movement; a quick, sprightly strain or piece.</def></def2>

<h1>Alleluia, Alleluiah</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`le*lu"ia</hw>, <hw>Al`le*lu"iah</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alleluia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. Heb. <ets>hall<?/l<?/</ets>-<ets>y\'beh</ets>. See <er>Hallelujah</er>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation signifying <i>Praise ye Jehovah</i>. Hence: A song of praise to God. See <er>Hallelujah</er>, the commoner form.</def>

<blockquote>I heard a great voice of much people in heaven, saying, <b>Alleluia</b>.
<i>Rev. xix. 1.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Allemande</h1>
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<hw>Al"le*mande"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>allemand</ets> German.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A dance in moderate twofold time, invented by the French in the reign of Louis XIV.; -- now mostly found in suites of pieces, like those of Bach and Handel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A figure in dancing.</def>

<h1>Allemannic</h1>
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<hw>Al`le*man"nic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Alemannic</er>.</def>

<h1>Allenarly</h1>
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<hw>Al*len"ar*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>All</ets> + <ets>anerly</ets> singly, fr. <ets>ane</ets> one.]</ety> <def>Solely; only.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Aller</h1>
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<hw>Al"ler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>ealra</ets>, the AS. gen. pl. of <ets>eal</ets> all.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Alder</er>, of all.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Allerion</h1>
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<hw>Al*le"ri*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>al\'82rion</ets>, LL. <ets>alario</ets> a sort of eagle; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Am eagle without beak or feet, with expanded wings.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Alleviate</h1>
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<hw>Al*le"vi*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alleviated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alleviating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>alleviare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + levis</ets> light. See <er>Alegge</er>, <er>Levity</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lighten or lessen the force or weight of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Should no others join capable to <b>alleviate</b> the expense.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those large bladders . . . conduce much to the <b>alleviating</b> of the body [of flying birds].
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lighten or lessen (physical or mental troubles); to mitigate, or make easier to be endured; <as>as, to <ex>alleviate</ex> sorrow, pain, care, etc.</as> ; -- opposed to <i>aggravate</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The calamity of the want of the sense of hearing is much <b>alleviated</b> by giving the use of letters.
<i>Bp. Horsley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To extenuate; to palliate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He <b>alleviates</b> his fault by an excuse.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To lessen; diminish; soften; mitigate; assuage; abate; relieve; nullify; allay.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Alleviate</er>, <er>Mitigate</er>, <er>Assuage</er>, <er>Allay</er>. These words have in common the idea of relief from some painful state; and being all figurative, they differ in their application, according to the image under which this idea is presented. <i>Alleviate</i> supposes a load which is lightened or taken off; <as>as, to <ex>alleviate</ex> one's cares</as>. <i>Mitigate</i> supposes something fierce which is made mild; <as>as, to <ex>mitigate</ex> one's anguish</as>. <i>Assuage</i> supposes something violent which is quieted; <as>as, to <ex>assuage</ex> one's sorrow</as>. <i>Allay</i> supposes something previously excited, but now brought down; <as>as, to <ex>allay</ex> one's suffering or one's thirst</as>. To <i>alleviate</i> the distresses of life; to <i>mitigate</i> the fierceness of passion or the violence of grief; to <i>assuage</i> angry feeling; to <i>allay</i> wounded sensibility.</usage>

<h1>Alleviation</h1>
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<hw>Al*le`vi*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>alleviatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of alleviating; a lightening of weight or severity; mitigation; relief.</def>

<hr>
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Page 41<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which mitigates, or makes more tolerable.</def>

<blockquote>I have not wanted such <b>alleviations</b> of life as friendship could supply.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alleviative</h1>
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<hw>Al*le"vi*a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to alleviate.</def>  -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> <def>That which alleviates.</def></wordforms>

<h1>Alleviator</h1>
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<hw>Al*le"vi*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, alleviaties.</def>

<h1>Alleviatory</h1>
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<hw>Al*le"vi*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Alleviative.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Alley</h1>
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<hw>Al"ley</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alleys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>aley</ets>, <ets>alley</ets>, OF. <ets>al\'82e</ets>, F. <ets>all\'82e</ets>, a going, passage, fr. OE. <ets>aler</ets>, F. <ets>aller</ets>, to go; of uncertain origin: cf. Prov. <ets>anar</ets>, It. <ets>andare</ets>, Sp. <ets>andar</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A narrow passage; especially a walk or passage in a garden or park, bordered by rows of trees or bushes; a bordered way.</def>

<blockquote>I know each lane and every <b>alley</b> green.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A narrow passage or way in a city, as distinct from a public street.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A passageway between rows of pews in a church.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Persp.)</fld> <def>Any passage having the entrance represented as wider than the exit, so as to give the appearance of length.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The space between two rows of compositors' stands in a printing office.</def>

<h1>Alley</h1>
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<hw>Al"ley</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alleys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[A contraction of <ets>alabaster</ets>, of which it was originally made.]</ety> <def>A choice taw or marble.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Alleyed</h1>
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<hw>Al"leyed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with alleys; forming an alley.</def> "An <i>alleyed</i> walk."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Alleyway</h1>
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<hw>Al"ley*way`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>An alley.</def>

<h1>All Fools' Day</h1>
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<hw>All" Fools' Day`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>The first day of April, a day on which sportive impositions are practiced.</def>

<blockquote>The first of April, some do say,
Is set apart for <b>All Fools' Day</b>.
<i>Poor Robin's Almanack (1760).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Allfours</h1>
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<hw>All`fours"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[All + four (cards).]</ety> <def>A game at cards, called "High, Low, Jack, and the Game."</def>

<h1>All fours</h1>
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<hw>All` fours"</hw> <ety>[formerly, <er>All` four"</er>.]</ety> <def>All four legs of a quadruped; or the two legs and two arms of a person.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To be</col>, <col>go</col>, <it>or</it> <col>run</col>, <col>on all fours</col></mcol> <cd>(Fig.), to be on the same footing; to correspond (<i>with<i>) exactly; to be alike in all the circumstances to be considered.</cd>  "This example <i>is on all fours<i> with the other."  "No simile can <i>go on all fours<i>."  <i>Macaulay.</i></cs>

<h1>All hail</h1>
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<hw>All` hail"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[<ets>All</ets> + <ets>hail</ets>, <tt>interj.</tt>]</ety> <def>All health; -- a phrase of salutation or welcome.</def>

<h1>All-hail</h1>
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<hw>All`-hail"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To salute; to greet.</def> <mark>[Poet.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whiles I stood rapt in the wonder of it, came missives from the king, who <b>all-hailed</b> me "Thane of Cawdor."
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Allhallond</h1>
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<hw>All`hal"lond</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Allhallows.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Allhallow, Allhallows</h1>
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<hw><hw>All`hal"low</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>All`hal"lows</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>All the saints (in heaven).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>All Saints' Day, November 1st.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<-- All Hallows Eve = Halloween, Dec. 31 st. -->

<h1>Allhallow</h1>
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<hw>All`hal"low</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>The evening before Allhallows. See <er>Halloween</er>.</def>

<h1>Allhallowmas</h1>
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<hw>All`hal"low*mas</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The feast of All Saints.</def>

<h1>Allhallown</h1>
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<hw>All`hal"lown</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the time of Allhallows. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Allhallown</i> summer." <i>Shak</i>. (i. e., <i>late summer</i>; "Indian Summer").</def>

<h1>Allhallowtide</h1>
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<hw>All`hal"low*tide`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>t\'c6d</ets> time.]</ety> <def>The time at or near All Saints, or November 1st.</def>

<h1>Allheal</h1>
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<hw>All"heal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A name popularly given to the officinal valerian, and to some other plants.</def>

<h1>Alliable</h1>
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<hw>Al*li"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Able to enter into alliance.</def>

<h1>Alliaceous</h1>
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<hw>Al`li*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the genus <spn>Allium</spn>, or garlic, onions, leeks, etc.; having the smell or taste of garlic or onions.</def>

<h1>Alliance</h1>
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<hw>Al*li"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aliaunce</ets>, OF. <ets>aliance</ets>, F. <ets>alliance</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>alier</ets>, F. <ets>allier</ets>. See <er>Ally</er>, and cf. LL. <ets>alligantia</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being allied; the act of allying or uniting; a union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league; <as>as, matrimonial <ex>alliances</ex>; an <ex>alliance</ex> between church and state; an <ex>alliance</ex> between France and England.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any union resembling that of families or states; union by relationship in qualities; affinity.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>alliance</b> of the principles of the world with those of the gospel.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>alliance</b> . . . between logic and metaphysics.
<i>Mansel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The persons or parties allied.</def>

<i>Udall.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Connection; affinity; union; confederacy; confederation; league; coalition.</syn>

<h1>Alliance</h1>
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<hw>Al*li"ance</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To connect by alliance; to ally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Alliant</h1>
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<hw>Al*li"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alliant</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>An ally; a confederate.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Allice, Allis</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al"lice</hw>, <hw>Al"lis</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European shad <spn>(Clupea vulgaris)</spn>; allice shad. See <er>Alose</er>.</def>

<h1>Alliciency</h1>
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<hw>Al*li"cien*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Attractive power; attractiveness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Allicient</h1>
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<hw>Al*li"cient</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alliciens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>allicere</ets> to allure; <ets>ad + lacere</ets> to entice.]</ety> <def>That attracts; attracting.</def>  -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> <def>That attracts.</def> <mark>[Rare or Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Allied</h1>
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<hw>Al*lied"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>United; joined; leagued; akin; related. See <er>Ally</er>.</def>

<h1>Alligate</h1>
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<hw>Al*li*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alligatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>alligare</ets>. See <er>Ally</er>.]</ety> <def>To tie; to unite by some tie.</def>

<blockquote>Instincts <b>alligated</b> to their nature.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alligation</h1>
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<hw>Al`li*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alligatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of tying together or attaching by some bond, or the state of being attached.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>A rule relating to the solution of questions concerning the compounding or mixing of different ingredients, or ingredients of different qualities or values.</def>

<note>&hand; The rule is named from the method of connecting together the terms by certain ligature-like signs. <i>Alligation</i> is of two kinds, medial and <i>alternate</i>; <i>medial</i> teaching the method of finding the price or quality of a mixture of several simple ingredients whose prices and qualities are known; <i>alternate</i>, teaching the amount of each of several simple ingredients whose prices or qualities are known, which will be required to make a mixture of given price or quality.</note>

<h1>Alligator</h1>
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<hw>Al"li*ga`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>el lagarto</ets> the lizard (<ets>el lagarto de Indias</ets>, the cayman or American crocodile), fr. L. <ets>lacertus</ets>, <ets>lacerta</ets>, lizard. See <er>Lizard</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large carnivorous reptile of the Crocodile family, peculiar to America. It has a shorter and broader snout than the crocodile, and the large teeth of the lower jaw shut into pits in the upper jaw, which has no marginal notches. Besides the common species of the southern United States, there are allied species in South America.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Any machine with strong jaws, one of which opens like the movable jaw of an alligator</def>; as, <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Metal Working)</fld> <def>a form of squeezer for the puddle ball</def>; <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>a rock breaker</def>; <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <def>a kind of job press, called also <altname>alligator press</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Alligator apple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the fruit of the <spn>Anona palustris</spn>, a West Indian tree. It is said to be narcotic in its properties.</cd> <i>Loudon</i>. -- <col>Alligator fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a marine fish of northwestern America <spn>(Podothecus acipenserinus)</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Alligator gar</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the gar pikes <spn>(Lepidosteus spatula)</spn> found in the southern rivers of the United States. The name is also applied to other species of gar pikes.</cd> -- <col>Alligator pear</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a corruption of <i>Avocado pear<i>. See <er>Avocado</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Alligator snapper</col>, <col>Alligator tortoise</col>, <col>Alligator turtle</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large and voracious turtle <spn>(Macrochelys lacertina)</spn> in habiting the rivers of the southern United States. It sometimes reaches the weight of two hundred pounds. Unlike the common snapping turtle, to which the name is sometimes erroneously applied, it has a scaly head and many small scales beneath the tail. This name is sometimes given to other turtles, as to species of <spn>Trionyx</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Alligator wood</col>, <cd>the timber of a tree of the West Indies <spn>(Guarea Swartzii)</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Allignment</h1>
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<hw>Al*lign"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Alignment</er>.</def>

<h1>Allineate</h1>
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<hw>Al*lin"e*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad + lineatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>lineare</ets> to draw a line.]</ety> <def>To align.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Herschel.</i>

<h1>Allineation, Alineeation</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al*lin`e*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*line`e*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Alignment; position in a straight line, as of two planets with the sun.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>allineation</b> of the two planets.
<i>C. A. Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Allision</h1>
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<hw>Al*li"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>allisio</ets>, fr. <ets>allidere</ets>, to strike or dash against; <ets>ad + laedere</ets> to dash against.]</ety> <def>The act of dashing against, or striking upon.</def>

<blockquote>The boisterous <b>allision</b> of the sea.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alliteral</h1>
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<hw>Al*lit"er*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by alliteration.</def>

<h1>Alliterate</h1>
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<hw>Al*lit"er*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To employ or place so as to make alliteration.</def>

<i>Skeat.</i>

<h1>Alliterate</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lit"er*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To compose alliteratively; also, to constitute alliteration.</def>

<h1>Alliteration</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lit`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad + litera</ets> letter. See <er>Letter</er>.]</ety> <def>The repetition of the same letter at the beginning of two or more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short intervals; as in the following lines: -</def>

<blockquote>Behemoth, biggest born of earth, upheaved
His vastness.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fly o'er waste fens and windy fields.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The recurrence of the same letter in accented parts of words is also called <i>alliteration</i>. Anglo-Saxon poetry is characterized by alliterative meter of this sort. Later poets also employed it.</note>

<blockquote>In a somer seson whan soft was the sonne,
I <b>sh</b>ope me in <b>sh</b>roudes as I a <b>sh</b>epe were.
<i>P. Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alliterative</h1>
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<hw>Al*lit"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, alliteration; <as>as, <ex>alliterative</ex> poetry</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Al*lit"er*a*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Al*lit"er*a*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Alliterator</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lit"er*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who alliterates.</def>

<h1>Allium</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al"li*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., garlic.]</ety> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, including the onion, garlic, leek, chive, etc.</def>

<h1>Allmouth</h1>
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<hw>All"mouth`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The angler.</def>

<h1>Allness</h1>
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<hw>All"ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Totality; completeness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>allness</b> of God, including his absolute spirituality, supremacy, and eternity.
<i>R. Turnbull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Allnight</h1>
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<hw>All"night`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Light, fuel, or food for the whole night.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Allocate</h1>
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<hw>Al"lo*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>allocatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>allocare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + locare</ets> to place. See <er>Allow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To distribute or assign; to allot.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To localize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Allocation</h1>
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<hw>Al`lo*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>allocatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>allocation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of putting one thing to another; a placing; disposition; arrangement.</def>

<i>Hallam.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An allotment or apportionment; <as>as, an <ex>allocation</ex> of shares in a company</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>allocation</b> of the particular portions of Palestine to its successive inhabitants.
<i>A. R. Stanley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The admission of an item in an account, or an allowance made upon an account; -- a term used in the English exchequer.</def>

<h1>Allocatur</h1>
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<hw>Al`lo*ca"tur</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., it is allowed, fr. <ets>allocare</ets> to allow.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>"Allowed." The word <i>allocatur</i> expresses the allowance of a proceeding, writ, order, etc., by a court, judge, or judicial officer.</def>

<h1>Allochroic</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al`lo*chro"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Changeable in color.</def>

<h1>Allochroite</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*loch"ro*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Garnet</er>.</def>

<h1>Allochroous</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*loch"ro*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ changed in color, fr. <?/ other + <?/ color.]</ety> <def>Changing color.</def>

<h1>Allocution</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al`lo*cu"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>allocuto</ets>, fr. <ets>alloqui</ets> to speak to; <ets>ad + loqui</ets> to speak: cf. F. <ets>allocution</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or manner of speaking to, or of addressing in words.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An address; a hortatory or authoritative address as of a pope to his clergy.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Allod</h1>
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<hw>Al"lod</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Allodium</er>.</def>

<h1>Allodial</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lo"di*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>allodialis</ets>, fr. <ets>allodium</ets>: cf. F. <ets>allodial</ets>. See <er>Allodium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Pertaining to allodium; freehold; free of rent or service; held independent of a lord paramount; -- opposed to <i>feudal</i>; <as>as, <ex>allodial</ex> lands; <ex>allodial</ex> system.</as></def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Allodial</h1>
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<hw>Al*lo"di*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anything held allodially.</def>

<i>W. Coxe.</i>

<h1>Allodialism</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lo"di*al*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The allodial system.</def>

<h1>Allodialist</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lo"di*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who holds allodial land.</def>

<h1>Allodially</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lo"di*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By allodial tenure.</def>

<h1>Allodiary</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lo"di*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who holds an allodium.</def>

<h1>Allodium</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lo"di*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>allodium</ets>, <ets>alodium</ets>, <ets>alodis</ets>, <ets>alaudis</ets>, of Ger. origin; cf. OHG. <ets>al</ets> all, and <ets><?/t</ets> (AS. <ets>e\'bed</ets>) possession, property. It means, therefore, entirely one's property.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Freehold estate; land which is the absolute property of the owner; real estate held in absolute independence, without being subject to any rent, service, or acknowledgment to a superior. It is thus opposed to <i>feud</i>.</def>

<i>Blackstone. Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Allogamous</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*log"a*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Characterized by allogamy.</def>

<h1>Allogamy</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*log"a*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ other + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Fertilization of the pistil of a plant by pollen from another of the same species; cross-fertilization.</def>

<h1>Allogeneous</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al`lo*ge"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Different in nature or kind.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Allograph</h1>
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<hw>Al"lo*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ another + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A writing or signature made by some person other than any of the parties thereto; -- opposed to <i>autograph</i>.</def>

<-- Allomer; Allomeric -->

<h1>Allomerism</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lom"er*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ other + <?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Variability in chemical constitution without variation in crystalline form.</def>

<h1>Allomerous</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lom"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Characterized by allomerism.</def>

<h1>Allomorph</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al"lo*morph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ other + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of two or more distinct crystalline forms of the same substance; or the substance having such forms; -- <as>as, carbonate of lime occurs in the <ex>allomorphs</ex> calcite and aragonite</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A variety of pseudomorph which has undergone partial or complete change or substitution of material; -- thus limonite is frequently an <i>allomorph</i> after pyrite.</def>

<i>G. H. Williams.</i>

<h1>Allomorphic</h1>
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<hw>Al`lo*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to allomorphism.</def>

<h1>Allomorphism</h1>
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<hw>Al`lo*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The property which constitutes an allomorph; the change involved in becoming an allomorph.</def>

<h1>Allonge</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*longe"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>allonge</ets>, earlier <ets>alonge</ets>, a lengthening. See <er>Allonge</er>, <ets>v</ets>., and cf. <er>Lunge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fencing)</fld> <def>A thrust or pass; a lunge.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A slip of paper attached to a bill of exchange for receiving indorsements, when the back of the bill itself is already full; a rider.</def> <mark>[A French usage]</mark>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Allonge</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*longe"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>allonger</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>long</ets> (L. <ets>longus</ets>) long.]</ety> <def>To thrust with a sword; to lunge.</def>

<h1>Allonym</h1>
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<hw>Al"lo*nym</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>allonyme</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ other + <?/ name.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The name of another person assumed by the author of a work.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A work published under the name of some one other than the author.</def>

<h1>Allonymous</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lon"y*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Published under the name of some one other than the author.</def>

<h1>Alloo</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*loo"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> or <tt>i</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Halloo</er>.]</ety> <def>To incite dogs by a call; to halloo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Allopath</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al"lo*path</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>allopathe</ets>.]</ety> <def>An allopathist.</def>

<i>Ed. Rev.</i>

<h1>Allopathic</h1>
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<hw>Al`lo*path"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>allopathique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to allopathy.</def>

<h1>Allopathically</h1>
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<hw>Al`lo*path"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner conformable to allopathy; by allopathic methods.</def>

<h1>Allopathist</h1>
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<hw>Al*lop"a*thist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices allopathy; one who professes allopathy.</def>

<h1>Allopathy</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lop"a*thy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ other + <?/ suffering, <?/, <?/, to suffer: cf. G. <ets>allopathie</ets>, F. <ets>allopathie</ets>. See <er>Pathos</er>.]</ety> <def>That system of medical practice which aims to combat disease by the use of remedies which produce effects different from those produced by the special disease treated; -- a term invented by Hahnemann to designate the ordinary practice, as opposed to <i>homeopathy</i>.</def>

<h1>Allophylic, Allophylian</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw><hw>Al`lo*phyl"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`lo*phyl"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of another tribe; <?/ other + <?/ class or tribe.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a race or a language neither Aryan nor Semitic.</def>

<i>J. Prichard.</i>

<h1>Alloquy</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al"lo*quy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alloquim</ets>, fr. <ets>alloqui</ets>.]</ety> <def>A speaking to another; an address.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Allot</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lot"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Allotted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Allotting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>aloter</ets>, F. <ets>allotir</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>lot</ets> lot. See <er>Lot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To distribute by lot.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To distribute, or parcel out in parts or portions; or to distribute to each individual concerned; to assign as a share or lot; to set apart as one's share; to bestow on; to grant; to appoint; <as>as, let every man be contented with that which Providence <ex>allots</ex> him</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Ten years I will <b>allot</b> to the attainment of knowledge.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Allotheism</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al"lo*the*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ other + <?/ god.]</ety> <def>The worship of strange gods.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Allotment</h1>
<Xpage=41>

<hw>Al*lot"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>alotement</ets>, F. <ets>allotement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of allotting; assignment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is allotted; a share, part, or portion granted or distributed; that which is assigned by lot, or by the act of God; anything set apart for a special use or to a distinct party.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>alloments</b> of God and nature.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A vineyard and an <b>allotment</b> for olives and herbs.
<i>Broome.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(law)</fld> <def>The allowance of a specific amount of scrip or of a particular thing to a particular person.</def>

<cs><col>Cottage allotment</col>, <cd>an allotment of a small portion of land to a country laborer for garden cultivation. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="42">
Page 42<p>

<h1>Allotriophagy</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al`lo*tri*oph"a*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ strange + <?/ to eat: cf. F. <ets>allotriophagie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A depraved appetite; a desire for improper food.</def>

<h1>Allotropic, Allotropical</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw><hw>Al`lo*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`lo*trop"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>allotropique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to allotropism.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Al`lo*trop"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Allotropic state</col>, <cd>the several conditions which occur in a case of allotropism.</cd></cs>

<h1>Allotropicity</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*lot`ro*pic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Allotropic property or nature.</def>

<h1>Allotropism, Allotropy</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw><hw>Al*lot"ro*pism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al*lot"ro*py</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ other + direction, way, <?/ to turn: cf. F. <ets>allotropie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The property of existing in two or more conditions which are distinct in their physical or chemical relations.</def>

<note>&hand; Thus, carbon occurs crystallized in octahedrons and other related forms, in a state of extreme hardness, in the diamond; it occurs in hexagonal forms, and of little hardness, in black lead; and again occurs in a third form, with entire softness, in lampblack and charcoal. In some cases, one of these is peculiarly an active state, and the other a passive one. Thus, ozone is an active state of oxygen, and is distinct from ordinary oxygen, which is the element in its passive state.</note>

<h1>Allotropize</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*lot"ro*pize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To change in physical properties but not in substance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Allottable</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*lot"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being allotted.</def>

<h1>Allottee</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*lot`tee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One to whom anything is allotted; one to whom an allotment is made.</def>

<h1>Allotter</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*lot"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who allots.</def>

<h1>Allottery</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*lot"ter*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Allotment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Allow</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*low"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Allowed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Allowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>alouen</ets>, OF. <ets>alouer</ets>, <ets>aloer</ets>, <ets>aluer</ets>, F. <ets>allouer</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>allocare</ets> to admit as proved, to place, use; confused with OF. <ets>aloer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>allaudare</ets> to extol; <ets>ad + laudare</ets> to praise. See <er>Local</er>, and cf. <er>Allocate</er>, <er>Laud</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To praise; to approve of; hence, to sanction.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Ye <b>allow</b> the deeds of your fathers.
<i>Luke xi. 48.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We commend his pains, condemn his pride, <b>allow</b> his life, approve his learning.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To like; to be suited or pleased with.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>How <b>allow</b> you the model of these clothes?
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To sanction; to invest; to intrust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou shalt be . . . <b>allowed</b> with absolute power.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To grant, give, admit, accord, afford, or yield; to let one have; <as>as, to <ex>allow</ex> a servant his liberty; to <ex>allow</ex> a free passage; to <ex>allow</ex> one day for rest.</as></def>

<blockquote>He was <b>allowed</b> about three hundred pounds a year.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To own or acknowledge; to accept as true; to concede; to accede to an opinion; <as>as, to <ex>allow</ex> a right; to <ex>allow</ex> a claim; to <ex>allow</ex> the truth of a proposition.</as></def>

<blockquote>I <b>allow</b>, with Mrs. Grundy and most moralists, that Miss Newcome's conduct . . . was highly reprehensible.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To grant (something) as a deduction or an addition; esp. to abate or deduct; <as>as, to <ex>allow</ex> a sum for leakage</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To grant license to; to permit; to consent to; <as>as, to <ex>allow</ex> a son to be absent</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To allot; assign; bestow; concede; admit; permit; suffer; tolerate. See <er>Permit</er>.</syn>

<h1>Allow</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*low"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To admit; to concede; to make allowance or abatement.</def>

<blockquote><b>Allowing</b> still for the different ways of making it.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To allow of</col>, <cd>to permit; to admit.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Allowable</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*low"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>allouable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Praiseworthy; laudable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hacket.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Proper to be, or capable of being, allowed; permissible; admissible; not forbidden; not unlawful or improper; <as>as, a certain degree of freedom is <ex>allowable</ex> among friends</as>.</def>

<h1>Allowableness</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*low"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being allowable; permissibleness; lawfulness; exemption from prohibition or impropriety.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Allowably</h1>
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<hw>Al*low"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an allowable manner.</def>

<h1>Allowance</h1>
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<hw>Al*low"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>alouance</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Approval; approbation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Crabbe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of allowing, granting, conceding, or admitting; authorization; permission; sanction; tolerance.</def>

<blockquote>Without the king's will or the state's <b>allowance</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Acknowledgment.</def>

<blockquote>The censure of the which one must in your <b>allowance</b> o'erweigh a whole theater of others.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>License; indulgence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which is allowed; a share or portion allotted or granted; a sum granted as a reimbursement, a bounty, or as appropriate for any purpose; a stated quantity, as of food or drink; hence, a limited quantity of meat and drink, when provisions fall short.</def>

<blockquote>I can give the boy a handsome <b>allowance</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Abatement; deduction; the taking into account of mitigating circumstances; <as>as, to make <ex>allowance</ex> for the inexperience of youth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>After making the largest <b>allowance</b> for fraud.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(com.)</fld> <def>A customary deduction from the gross weight of goods, different in different countries, such as <i>tare</i> and <i>tret</i>.</def>

<h1>Allowance</h1>
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<hw>Al*low"ance</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Allowancing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Allowance</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To put upon a fixed allowance (esp. of provisions and drink); to supply in a fixed and limited quantity; <as>as, the captain was obliged to <ex>allowance</ex> his crew; our provisions were <ex>allowanced</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Allowedly</h1>
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<hw>Al*low"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By allowance; admittedly.</def>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<h1>Allower</h1>
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<hw>Al*low"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An approver or abettor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who allows or permits.</def>

<h1>Alloxan</h1>
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<hw>Al*lox"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>All</ets>antoin + <ets>oxa</ets>lic, as containing the elements of <ets>allantion</ets> and <ets>oxalic</ets> acid.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oxidation product of uric acid. It is of a pale reddish color, readily soluble in water or alcohol.</def>

<h1>Alloxanate</h1>
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<hw>Al*lox"a*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combination of alloxanic acid and a base or base or positive radical.</def>

<h1>Alloxanic</h1>
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<hw>Al`lox*an"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to alloxan; -- applied to an acid obtained by the action of soluble alkalies on alloxan.</def>

<h1>Alloxantin</h1>
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<hw>Al`lox*an"tin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance produced by acting upon uric with warm and very dilute nitric acid.</def>

<h1>Alloy</h1>
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<hw>Al*loy"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>alai</ets>, OF. <ets>alei</ets>, F. <ets>aloyer</ets>, to alloy, <ets>alier</ets> to ally. See <er>Alloy</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any combination or compound of metals fused together; a mixture of metals; for example, brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc. But when mercury is one of the metals, the compound is called an <i>amalgam</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality, or comparative purity, of gold or silver; fineness.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A baser metal mixed with a finer.</def>

<blockquote>Fine silver is silver without the mixture of any baser metal. <b>Alloy</b> is baser metal mixed with it.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Admixture of anything which lessens the value or detracts from; <as>as, no happiness is without <ex>alloy</ex></as>.</def> "Pure English without Latin <i>alloy</i>."

<i>F. Harrison.</i>

<h1>Alloy</h1>
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<hw>Al*loy"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alloyed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alloying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>aloyer</ets>, OF. <ets>alier</ets>, <ets>allier</ets>, later <ets>allayer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aligare</ets>. See <er>Alloy</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Ally</er>, <tt>v.t</tt>., and cf. <er>Allay</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce the purity of by mixing with a less valuable substance; <as>as, to <ex>alloy</ex> gold with silver or copper, or silver with copper</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mix, as metals, so as to form a compound.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To abate, impair, or debase by mixture; to allay; <as>as, to <ex>alloy</ex> pleasure with misfortunes</as>.</def>

<h1>Alloy</h1>
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<hw>Al*loy"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form a metallic compound.</def>

<blockquote>Gold and iron <b>alloy</b> with ease.
<i>Ure.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alloyage</h1>
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<hw>Al*loy"age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aloyage</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or art of alloying metals; also, the combination or alloy.</def>

<h1>All-possessed</h1>
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<hw>All`-pos*sessed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Controlled by an evil spirit or by evil passions; wild.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>All Saints, All Saints'</h1>
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<hw><hw>All" Saints`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>All" Saints'</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <def>The first day of November, called, also, <i>Allhallows</i> or <i>Hallowmas</i>; a feast day kept in honor of all the saints; also, the season of this festival.</def>

<h1>All Souls' Day</h1>
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<hw>All" Souls' Day`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>The second day of November; a feast day of the Roman Catholic church, on which supplications are made for the souls of the faithful dead.</def>

<h1>Allspice</h1>
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<hw>All"spice`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The berry of the pimento <spn>(Eugenia pimenta)</spn>, a tree of the West Indies; a spice of a mildly pungent taste, and agreeably aromatic; Jamaica pepper; pimento. It has been supposed to combine the flavor of cinnamon, nutmegs, and cloves; and hence the name. The name is also given to other aromatic shrubs; as, the <stype>Carolina allspice</stype> (<spn>Calycanthus floridus</spn>); <stype>wild allspice</stype> <spn>(Lindera benzoin)</spn>, called also <altname>spicebush</altname>, <altname>spicewood</altname>, and <altname>feverbush</altname>.</def>

<h1>Allthing</h1>
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<hw>All`thing`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>in all</ets> (= every) <ets>thing</ets>.]</ety> <def>Altogether.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Allude</h1>
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<hw>Al*lude"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alluded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alluding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>alludere</ets> to play with, to allude; <ets>ad + ludere</ets> to play.]</ety> <def>To refer to something indirectly or by suggestion; to have reference to a subject not specifically and plainly mentioned; -- followed by <i>to</i>; <as>as, the story <ex>alludes</ex> to a recent transaction</as>.</def>

<blockquote>These speeches . . . do seem to <b>allude</b> unto such ministerial garments as were then in use.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To refer; point; indicate; hint; suggest; intimate; signify; insinuate; advert. See <er>Refer</er>.</syn>

<h1>Allude</h1>
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<hw>Al*lude"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To compare allusively; to refer (something) as applicable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wither.</i>

<h1>Allumette</h1>
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<hw>Al`lu`mette</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from <ets>allumer</ets> to light.]</ety> <def>A match for lighting candles, lamps, etc.</def>

<h1>Alluminor</h1>
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<hw>Al*lu"mi*nor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>alumineor</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + liminare</ets>. See <er>Luminate</er>.]</ety> <def>An illuminator of manuscripts and books; a limner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Allurance</h1>
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<hw>Al*lur"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Allurement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Allure</h1>
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<hw>Al*lure"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alluded</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alluring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>aleurrer</ets>, <ets>alurer</ets>, fr. <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>leurre</ets> lure. See <er>Lure</er>.]</ety> <def>To attempt to draw; to tempt by a lure or bait, that is, by the offer of some good, real or apparent; to invite by something flattering or acceptable; to entice; to attract.</def>

<blockquote>With promised joys <b>allured</b> them on.
<i>Falconer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The golden sun in splendor likest Heaven
<b>Allured</b> his eye.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To attract; entice; tempt; decoy; seduce.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Allure</er>, <er>Entice</er>, <er>Decoy</er>, <er>Seduce</er>. These words agree in the idea of acting upon the mind by some strong controlling influence, and differ according to the image under which is presented. They are all used in a bad sense, except <i>allure</i>, which has sometimes (though rarely) a good one. We are <i>allured</i> by the prospect or offer (usually deceptive) of some future good. We are commonly <i>enticed</i> into evil by appeals to our passions. We are <i>decoyed</i> into danger by false appearances or representations. We are <i>seduced</i> when drawn aside from the path of rectitude. What <i>allures</i> draws by gentle means; what <i>entices</i> leads us by promises and persuasions; what <i>decoys</i> betrays us, as it were, into a snare or net; what <i>seduces</i> deceives us by artful appeals to the passions.</usage>

<h1>Allure</h1>
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<hw>Al*lure"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Allurement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hayward.</i>

<h1>Allure</h1>
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<hw>Al`lure"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.; <ets>aller</ets> to go.]</ety> <def>Gait; bearing.</def>

<blockquote>The swing, the gait, the pose, the <b>allure</b> of these men.
<i>Harper's Mag.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Allurement</h1>
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<hw>Al*lure"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act alluring; temptation; enticement.</def>

<blockquote>Though Adam by his wife's <b>allurement</b> fell.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which allures; any real or apparent good held forth, or operating, as a motive to action; <as>as, the <ex>allurements</ex> of pleasure, or of honor</as>.</def>

<h1>Allurer</h1>
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<hw>Al*lur"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, allures.</def>

<h1>Alluring</h1>
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<hw>Al*lur"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That allures; attracting; charming; tempting. -- <wordforms><wf>Al*lur"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Al*lur"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Allusion</h1>
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<hw>Al*lu"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>allusio</ets>, fr. <ets>alludere</ets> to allude: cf. F. <ets>allusion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A figurative or symbolical reference.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A reference to something supposed to be known, but not explicitly mentioned; a covert indication; indirect reference; a hint.</def>

<h1>Allusive</h1>
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<hw>Al*lu"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Figurative; symbolical.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having reference to something not fully expressed; containing an allusion.</def>

<h1>Allusively</h1>
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<hw>Al*lu"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Figuratively <mark>[Obs.]</mark>; by way of allusion; by implication, suggestion, or insinuation.</def>

<h1>Allusiveness</h1>
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<hw>Al*lu"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being allusive.</def>

<h1>Allusory</h1>
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<hw>Al*lu"so*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Allusive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Warburton.</i>

<h1>Alluvial</h1>
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<hw>Al*lu"vi*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alluvial</ets>. See <wf>Alluvion</wf>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, contained in, or composed of, alluvium; relating to the deposits made by flowing water; washed away from one place and deposited in another; <as>as, <ex>alluvial</ex> soil, mud, accumulations, deposits</as>.</def>

<h1>Alluvion</h1>
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<hw>Al*lu"vi*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alluvion</ets>, L. <ets>alluvio</ets>, fr. <ets>alluere</ets> to wash against; <ets>ad + luere</ets>, equiv. to <ets>lavare</ets>, to wash. See <wf>Lave</wf>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wash or flow of water against the shore or bank.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An overflowing; an inundation; a flood.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Matter deposited by an inundation or the action of flowing water; alluvium.</def>

<blockquote>The golden <b>alluvions</b> are there [in California and Australia] spread over a far wider space: they are found not only on the banks of rivers, and in their beds, but are scattered over the surface of vast plains.
<i>R. Cobden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An accession of land gradually washed to the shore or bank by the flowing of water. See <wf>Accretion</wf>.</def>

<h1>Alluvious</h1>
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<hw>Al*lu"vi*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alluvius</ets>. See <wf>Alluvion</wf>.]</ety> <def>Alluvial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Alluvium</h1>
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<hw>Al*lu"vi*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Alluviums</plw>, L. <plw>Alluvia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., neut. of <ets>alluvius</ets>. See <wf>Alluvious</wf>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Deposits of earth, sand, gravel, and other transported matter, made by rivers, floods, or other causes, upon land not permanently submerged beneath the waters of lakes or seas.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<h1>Allwhere</h1>
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<hw>All"where`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Everywhere.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Allwork</h1>
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<hw>All"work`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Domestic or other work of all kinds; <as>as, a maid of <ex>allwork</ex>, that is, a general servant</as>.</def>

<h1>Ally</h1>
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<hw>Al*ly"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Allied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Allying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>alien</ets>, OF. <ets>alier</ets>, F. <ets>alier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>alligare</ets> to bind to; <ets>ad + ligare</ets> to bind. Cf. <er>Alligate</er>, <er>Alloy</er>, <er>Allay</er>, <er>Ligament</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unite, or form a connection between, as between families by marriage, or between princes and states by treaty, league, or confederacy; -- often followed by <i>to</i> or <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>O chief! in blood, and now in arms <b>allied</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To connect or form a relation between by similitude, resemblance, friendship, or love.</def>

<blockquote>These three did love each other dearly well,
And with so firm affection were <b>allied</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The virtue nearest to our vice <b>allied</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Ally</i> is generally used in the passive form or reflexively.</note>

<h1>Ally</h1>
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<hw>Al*ly"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Allies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Ally</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A relative; a kinsman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One united to another by treaty or league; -- usually applied to sovereigns or states; a confederate.</def>

<blockquote>The English soldiers and their French <b>allies</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything associated with another as a helper; an auxiliary.</def>

<blockquote>Science, instead of being the enemy of religion, becomes its <b>ally</b>.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything akin to another by structure, etc.</def>

<h1>Ally</h1>
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<hw>Al"ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Alley</er>, a marble or taw.</def>

<h1>Allyl</h1>
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<hw>Al"lyl</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>all</ets>ium garlic + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An organic radical, <chform>C3H5</chform>, existing especially in oils of garlic and mustard.</def>

<h1>Allylene</h1>
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<hw>Al"ly*lene</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A gaseous hydrocarbon, <chform>C3H4</chform>, homologous with acetylene; propine.</def>
<-- =propyne, <chform>CH3.C.CH</chform> -->

<mhw><h1>Alma, Almah</h1>
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<hw>Al"ma</hw>, <hw>Al"mah</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Alme</er>.</def>

<h1>Almacantar</h1>
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<hw>Al`ma*can"tar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Almucantar</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A recently invented instrument for observing the heavenly bodies as they cross a given almacantar circle. See <er>Almucantar</er>.</def>

<h1>Almadia, Almadie</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`ma*di"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"ma*die</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>almadie</ets> (cf. Sp. & Pg. <ets>almadia</ets>), fr. Ar. <ets>alma'd\'c6yah</ets> a raft, float.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bark canoe used by the Africans.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A boat used at Calicut, in India, about eighty feet long, and six or seven broad.</def>

<h1>Almagest</h1>
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<hw>Al"ma*gest</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>almageste</ets>, LL. <ets>almageste</ets>, Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>majist\'c6</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), the greatest composition.]</ety> <def>The celebrated work of Ptolemy of Alexandria, which contains nearly all that is known of the astronomical observations and theories of the ancients. The name was extended to other similar works.</def>

<h1>Almagra</h1>
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<hw>Al*ma"gra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>almagra</ets>, <ets>almagre</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>maghrah</ets> red clay or earth.]</ety> <def>A fine, deep red ocher, somewhat purplish, found in Spain. It is the <i>sil atticum</i> of the ancients. Under the name of <i>Indian red</i> it is used for polishing glass and silver.</def>

<h1>Almain, Almayne, Alman</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al"main</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"mayne</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"man</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>Aleman</ets>, F. <ets>Allemand</ets>, fr. L. <ets>Alemanni</ets>, ancient Ger. tribes.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A German.</def> Also <def2><tt>adj.</tt>, <def>German.</def></def2>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The German language.</def>

<i>J. Foxe.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of dance. See <er>Allemande</er>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Almain rivets</col>, <col>Almayne rivets</col>, or <col>Alman rivets</col></mcol>, <cd>a sort of light armor from Germany, characterized by overlapping plates, arranged to slide on rivets, and thus afford great flexibility.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alma Mater</h1>
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<hw>Al"ma Ma"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., fostering mother.]</ety> <def>A college or seminary where one is educated.</def>

<h1>Almanac</h1>
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<hw>Al"ma*nac</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>almanac</ets>, <ets>almanach</ets>: cf. F. <ets>almanach</ets>, Sp. <ets>almanaque</ets>, It. <ets>almanacco</ets>, all of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>A book or table, containing a calendar of days, and months, to which astronomical data and various statistics are often added, such as the times of the rising and setting of the sun and moon, eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, terms of courts, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Nautical almanac</col>, <cd>an almanac, or year book, containing astronomical calculations (lunar, stellar, etc.), and other information useful to mariners.</cd></cs>

<-- P. 43 -->

<h1>Almandine</h1>
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<hw>Al"man*dine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>almandina</ets>, <ets>alamandina</ets>, for L. <ets>alabandina</ets> a precious stone, named after <ets>Alabanda</ets>, a town in Caria, where it was first and chiefly found: cf. F. <ets>almandine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The common red variety of garnet.</def>

<h1>Alme, Almeh</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw><hw>Al"me</hw>, <hw>Al"meh</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. '<ets>almah</ets> (fem.) learned, fr. <ets>'alama</ets> to know: cf. F. <ets>alm\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <def>An Egyptian dancing girl; an Alma.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>Almehs</b> lift their arms in dance.
<i>Bayard Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Almendron</h1>
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<hw>Al`men*dron"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. <ets>almendra</ets> almond.]</ety> <def>The lofty Brazil-nut tree.</def>

<h1>Almery</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"mer*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ambry</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Almesse</h1>
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<hw>Alm"esse</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Alms</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Almightful, Almightiful</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al*might"ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al*might"i*ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>All-powerful; almighty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Almightily</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*might"i*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With almighty power.</def>

<h1>Almightiness</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*might"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Omnipotence; infinite or boundless power; unlimited might.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Almighty</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*might"y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ealmihtig</ets>, <ets>\'91lmihtig</ets>; <ets>eal</ets> (OE. <ets>al</ets>) ail + <ets>mihtig</ets> mighty.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Unlimited in might; omnipotent; all-powerful; irresistible.</def>

<blockquote>I am the <b>Almighty</b> God.
<i>Gen. xvii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Great; extreme; terrible.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<blockquote>Poor Aroar can not live, and can not die, -- so that he is in an <b>almighty</b> fix.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The Almighty</col>, <cd>the omnipotent God.</cd></cs>

<i>Rev. i. 8.</i>

<h1>Almner</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Alm"ner</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An almoner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Almond</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Alm"ond</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>almande</ets>, <ets>almaunde</ets>, <ets>alemaunde</ets>, F. <ets>amande</ets>, L. <ets>amygdala</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/: cf. Sp. <ets>almendra</ets>. Cf. <er>Amygdalate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fruit of the almond tree.</def>

<note>&hand; The different kinds, as bitter, sweet, thin-shelled, thick-shelled almonds, and Jordan almonds, are the products of different varieties of the one species, <i>Amygdalus communis</i>, a native of the Mediterranean region and western Asia.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The tree bears the fruit; almond tree.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> Anything shaped like an almond. Specifically: <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the tonsils.</def>

<cs><col>Almond oil</col>, <cd>fixed oil expressed from sweet or bitter almonds.</cd> -- <col>Oil of bitter almonds</col>, <cd>a poisonous volatile oil obtained from bitter almonds by maceration and distillation; benzoic aldehyde.</cd> -- <col>Imitation oil of bitter almonds</col>, <cd>nitrobenzene.</cd> -- <col>Almond tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the tree bearing the almond.</cd> -- <col>Almond willow</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a willow which has leaves that are of a light green on both sides; almond-leaved willow <spn>(Salix amygdalina)</spn>.</cd>

<i>Shenstone.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Almond furnace</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"mond fur`nace</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Prob. a corruption of <ets>Almain furnace</ets>, <it>i. e.</it>, German furnace. See <er>Almain</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of furnace used in refining, to separate the metal from cinders and other foreign matter.</def>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Almondine</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"mon*dine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Almandine</er></def>

<h1>Almoner</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"mon*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aumener</ets>, <ets>aulmener</ets>, OF. <ets>almosnier</ets>, <ets>aumosnier</ets>, F. <ets>aum\'93nier</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>almosne</ets>, alms, L. <ets>eleemosyna</ets>. See <er>Alms</er>.]</ety> <def>One who distributes alms, esp. the doles and alms of religious houses, almshouses, etc.; also, one who dispenses alms for another, as the <i>almoner</i> of a prince, bishop, etc.</def>

<h1>Almonership</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"mon*er*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of an almoner.</def>

<h1>Almonry</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"mon*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Almonries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OF. <ets>aumosnerie</ets>, F. <ets>aum\'93nerie</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>aumosnier</ets>. See <er>Almoner</er>.]</ety> <def>The place where an almoner resides, or where alms are distributed.</def>

<h1>Almose</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"mose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Alms.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cheke.</i>

<h1>Almost</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"most</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ealm\'91st</ets>, <ets>\'91lm\'91st</ets>, quite the most, almost all; <ets>eal</ets> (OE. <ets>al</ets>) all + <ets>m<?/st</ets> most.]</ety> <def>Nearly; well nigh; all but; for the greatest part.</def>

<blockquote><b>Almost</b> thou persuadest me to be a Christian.
<i>Acts xxvi. 28.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Almost never</col>, <cd>scarcely ever.</cd> -- <col>Almost nothing</col>, <cd>scarcely anything.</cd></cs>

<h1>Almry</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Alm"ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Almonry</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Alms</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Alms</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>almes</ets>, <ets>almesse</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91lmysse</ets>, fr. L. <ets>eleemosyna</ets>, Gr. <?/ mercy, charity, alms, fr. <?/ to pity. Cf. <er>Almonry</er>, <er>Eleemosynary</er>.]</ety> <def>Anything given gratuitously to relieve the poor, as money, food, or clothing; a gift of charity.</def>

<blockquote>A devout man . . . which gave much <b>alms</b> to the people.
<i>Acts x. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Alms</b> are but the vehicles of prayer.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Tenure by free alms</col>. <cd>See <er>Frankalmoign</er>.</cd></cs>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<note>&hand; This word <i>alms</i> is singular in its form (<i>almesse</i>), and is sometimes so used; as, "asked an <i>alms</i>." <i>Acts iii. 3</i>."Received an <i>alms</i>." <i>Shak</i>. It is now, however, commonly a collective or plural noun. It is much used in composition, as <i>alms</i>giver, <i>alms</i>giving, alms bag, <i>alms</i> chest, etc.</note>

<h1>Almsdeed</h1>
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<hw>Alms"deed`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An act of charity.</def>

<i>Acts ix. 36.</i>

<h1>Almsfolk</h1>
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<hw>Alms"folk`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Persons supported by alms; almsmen.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Almsgiver</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Alms"giv`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A giver of alms.</def>

<h1>Almsgiving</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Alms"giv`ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The giving of alms.</def>

<h1>Almshouse</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Alms"house`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house appropriated for the use of the poor; a poorhouse.</def>

<h1>Almsman</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Alms"man</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <wordforms><it>fem.</it> <er>Almswoman</er></wordforms>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A recipient of alms.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A giver of alms.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Almucantar</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al`mu*can"tar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>almucantarat</ets>, <ets>almicantarat</ets>, ultimately fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>muqantar\'bet</ets>, pl., fr. <ets>qantara</ets> to bend, arch.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A small circle of the sphere parallel to the horizon; a circle or parallel of altitude. Two stars which have the same <i>almucantar</i> have the same altitude. See <er>Almacantar</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<cs><col>Almucanter staff</col>, <cd>an ancient instrument, having an arc of fifteen degrees, formerly used at sea to take observations of the sun's amplitude at the time of its rising or setting, to find the variation of the compass.</cd></cs>

<h1>Almuce</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"muce</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Amice</er>, a hood or cape.</def>

<h1>Almude</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al*mude"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>almude</ets>, or Sp. <ets>almud</ets>, a measure of grain or dry fruit, fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>mudd</ets> a dry measure.]</ety> <def>A measure for liquids in several countries. In Portugal the Lisbon almude is about 4.4, and the Oporto almude about 6.6, gallons U. S. measure. In Turkey the "almud" is about 1.4 gallons.</def>

<h1>Almug, Algum</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw><hw>Al"mug</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"gum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb., perh. borrowed fr. Skr. <ets>valguka</ets> sandalwood.]</ety> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>A tree or wood of the Bible (2 Chron. ii. 8; 1 K. x. 11).</def>

<note>&hand; Most writers at the present day follow Celsius, who takes it to be the red sandalwood of China and the Indian Archipelago.</note>

<i>W. Smith.</i>

<h1>Alnage</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"nage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <ety>[OF. <ets>alnage</ets>, <ets>aulnage</ets>, F. <ets>aunage</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>alne</ets> ell, of Ger. origin: cf. OHG. <ets>elina</ets>, Goth. <ets>aleina</ets>, cubit. See <er>Ell</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Measurement (of cloth) by the ell; also, a duty for such measurement.</def>

<h1>Alnager</h1>
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<hw>Al"na*ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Alnage</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure by the ell; formerly a sworn officer in England, whose duty was to inspect act measure woolen cloth, and fix upon it a seal.</def>

<h1>Aloe</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"oe</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aloes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>alo\'89</ets>, Gr. <?/, aloe: cf. OF. <ets>aloe</ets>, F. <ets>alo\'8as</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <plu>pl</plu>. <def>The wood of the agalloch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of succulent plants, some classed as trees, others as shrubs, but the greater number having the habit and appearance of evergreen herbaceous plants; from some of which are prepared articles for medicine and the arts. They are natives of warm countries.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The inspissated juice of several species of aloe, used as a purgative.</def> <mark>[Plural in form but syntactically singular.]</mark>

<cs><mcol><col>American aloe</col>, <col>Century aloe</col></mcol>, <cd>the agave. See <er>Agave</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aloes wood</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"oes wood`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>See <er>Agalloch</er>.</def>

<h1>Aloetic</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al`o*et"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alo\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting chiefly of aloes; of the nature of aloes.</def>

<h1>Aloetic</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al`o*et"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine containing chiefly aloes.</def>

<h1>Aloft</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>A*loft"</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>loft</ets>, which properly meant <ets>air</ets>. See <er>Loft</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On high; in the air; high above the ground.</def> "He steers his flight <i>aloft</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>In the top; at the mast head, or on the higher yards or rigging; overhead; hence (Fig. and Colloq.), in or to heaven.</def>

<h1>Aloft</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>A*loft"</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Above; on top of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Fresh waters run <b>aloft</b> the sea.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alogian</h1>
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<hw>A*lo"gi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>Alogiani</ets>, <ets>Alogii</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ word.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One of an ancient sect who rejected St. John's Gospel and the Apocalypse, which speak of Christ as the Logos.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Alogy</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alogia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ priv. + <?/ reason.]</ety> <def>Unreasonableness; absurdity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aloin</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"o*in</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter purgative principle in aloes.</def>

<h1>Alomancy</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, salt + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alomancie</ets>, <ets>halomancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of salt.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>halomancy</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Morin.</i>

<h1>Alone</h1>
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<hw>A*lone"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>All</ets> + </ets>one. OE. <ets>al one</ets> all allone, AS. <ets>\'ben one</ets>, alone. See <er>All</er>, <er>One</er>, <er>Lone</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Quite by one's self; apart from, or exclusive of, others; single; solitary; -- applied to a person or thing.</def>

<blockquote><b>Alone</b> on a wide, wide sea.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is not good that the man should be <b>alone</b>.
<i>Gen. ii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or by itself; by themselves; without any thing more or any one else; without a sharer; only.</def>

<blockquote>Man shall not live by bread <b>alone</b>.
<i>Luke iv. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The citizens <b>alone</b> should be at the expense.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sole; only; exclusive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>God, by whose <b>alone</b> power and conversation we all live, and move, and have our being.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Hence; Unique; rare; matchless.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; The adjective <i>alone</i> commonly follows its noun.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>To let</col> or <col>leave</col></mcol> <i>alone<i>, <cd>to abstain from interfering with or molesting; to suffer to remain in its present state.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alone</h1>
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<hw>A*lone"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Solely; simply; exclusively.</def>

<h1>Alonely</h1>
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<hw>A*lone"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Only; merely; singly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This said spirit was not given <b>alonely</b> unto him, but unto all his heirs and posterity.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alonely</h1>
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<hw>A*lone"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Exclusive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fabyan.</i>

<h1>Aloneness</h1>
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<hw>A*lone"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being alone, or without company; solitariness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Along</h1>
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<hw>A*long"</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>along</ets>, <ets>anlong</ets>, AS. <ets>andlang</ets>, <ets>along</ets>; pref. <ets>and-</ets> (akin to OFris. <ets>ond-</ets>, OHG. <ets>ant-</ets>, Ger. <ets>ent-</ets>, Goth. <ets>and-</ets>, <ets>anda-</ets>, L. <ets>ante</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>anti</ets>, over against) + <ets>lang</ets> long. See <er>Long</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>By the length; in a line with the length; lengthwise.</def>

<blockquote>Some laid <b>along</b> . . . on spokes of wheels are hung.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a line, or with a progressive motion; onward; forward.</def>

<blockquote>We will go <b>along</b> by the king's highway.
<i>Numb. xxi. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He struck with his o'ertaking wings,
And chased us south <b>along</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In company; together.</def>

<blockquote>He to England shall <b>along</b> with you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>All along</col>, <cd>all trough the course of; during the whole time; throughout.</cd>  "I have <i>all along<i> declared this to be a neutral paper." <i>Addison</i>. -- <col>To get along</col>, <cd>to get on; to make progress, as in business. "She 'll <i>get along<i> in heaven better than you or I."</cd> <i>Mrs. Stowe.</i></cs>

<h1>Along</h1>
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<hw>A*long"</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>By the length of, as distinguished from <i>across</i>.</def>  "<i>Along</i> the lowly lands."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>The kine . . . went <b>along</b> the highway.
<i>1 Sam. vi. 12.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Along</h1>
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<hw>A*long"</hw>. <ety>[AS. <ets>gelang</ets> owing to.]</ety> <def>(Now heard only in the prep. phrase <i>along of</i>.)</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Along of</col>, <col>Along on</col>, often shortened to <col>Long of</col></mcol>, <tt>prep. phr.</tt>, <cd>owing to; on account of.</cd> <mark>[Obs. or Low. Eng.]</mark> "<i>On<i> me is not <i>along<i> thin evil fare." <i>Chaucer</i>. "And all this is <i>long of<i> you." <i>Shak.</i> "This increase of price is all <i>along of<i> the foreigners." <i>London Punch.</i></cs>

<h1>Alongshore</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>A*long"shore`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Along the shore or coast.</def>

<h1>Alongshoreman</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>A*long"shore`man</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Longshoreman</er>.</def>

<h1>Alongside</h1>
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<hw>A*long"side`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Along or by the side; side by side with; -- often with <i>of</i>; <as>as, bring the boat <ex>alongside</ex>; <ex>alongside</ex> of him; <ex>alongside</ex> of the tree.</as></def>

<h1>Alongst</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>A*longst"</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>prep. & adv.</tt> <ety>[Formed fr. along, like <ets>amongst</ets> fr. <ets>among</ets>.]</ety> <def>Along.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aloof</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>A*loof"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Alewife</er>.</def>

<h1>Aloof</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>A*loof"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>loof</ets>, fr. D. <ets>loef</ets> luff, and so meaning, as a nautical word, to the windward. See <er>Loof</er>, <er>Luff</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At or from a distance, but within view, or at a small distance; apart; away.</def>

<blockquote>Our palace stood <b>aloof</b> from streets.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without sympathy; unfavorably.</def>

<blockquote>To make the Bible as from the hand of God, and then to look at it <b>aloof</b> and with caution, is the worst of all impieties.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aloof</h1>
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<hw>A*loof"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Away from; clear from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Rivetus . . . would fain work himself <b>aloof</b> these rocks and quicksands.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aloofness</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>A*loof"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being aloof.</def>

<i>Rogers (1642).</i>

<blockquote>The . . . <b>aloofness</b> of his dim forest life.
<i>Thoreau.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alopecia, Alopecy</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw><hw>Al`o*pe"ci*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*lop"e*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alopecia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ fox, because loss of the hair is common among foxes.]</ety> <fld>(med.)</fld> <def>Loss of the hair; baldness.</def>

<h1>Alopecist</h1>
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<hw>A*lop"e*cist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A practitioner who tries to prevent or cure baldness.</def>

<h1>Alose</h1>
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<hw>A*lose"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aloser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To praise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Alose</h1>
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<hw>A"lose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>alosa</ets> or <ets>alausa</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European shad <spn>(Clupea alosa)</spn>; -- called also <altname>allice shad</altname> or <altname>allis shad</altname>. The name is sometimes applied to the American shad <spn>(Clupea sapidissima)</spn>. See <er>Shad</er>.</def>

<h1>Alouatte</h1>
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<hw>Al`ou*atte"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the several species of howling monkeys of South America. See <er>Howler, 2</er>.</def>

<h1>Aloud</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>A*loud"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>loud</ets>.]</ety> <def>With a loud voice, or great noise; loudly; audibly.</def>

<blockquote>Cry <b>aloud</b>, spare not, lift up thy voice.
<i>Isa. lviii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alow</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>A*low"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>low</ets>.]</ety> <def>Below; in a lower part.</def> "Aloft, and then <i>alow</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Alp</h1>
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<hw>Alp</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Alpes</ets> the Alps, said to be of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. <ets>alp</ets> a high mountain, Ir. <ets>ailp</ets> any huge mass or lump: cf. F. <ets>Alpes</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A very high mountain. Specifically, in the plural, the highest chain of mountains in Europe, containing the lofty mountains of Switzerland, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Nor breath of vernal air from snowy <b>alp</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hills peep o'er hills, and <b>alps</b> on <b>alps</b> arise.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Something lofty, or massive, or very hard to be surmounted.</def>

<note>&hand; The plural form <i>Alps</i> is sometimes used as a singular. "The <i>Alps</i> doth spit."</note>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Alp</h1>
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<hw>Alp</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bullfinch.</def>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Alpaca</h1>
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<hw>Al*pac"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>alpaca</ets>, fr. the original Peruvian name of the animal. Cf. <er>Paco</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal of Peru <spn>(Lama paco)</spn>, having long, fine, wooly hair, supposed by some to be a domesticated variety of the llama.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wool of the alpaca.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A thin kind of cloth made of the wooly hair of the alpaca, often mixed with silk or with cotton.</def>

<h1>Alpen</h1>
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<hw>Al"pen</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Alps.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>Alpen</i> snow."

<i>J. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Alpenstock</h1>
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<hw>Al"pen*stock`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.; <ets>Alp</ets>, gen. pl. <ets>Alpen + stock</ets> stick.]</ety> <def>A long staff, pointed with iron, used in climbing the Alps.</def>

<i>Cheever.</i>

<h1>Alpestrine</h1>
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<hw>Al*pes"trine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Alpestris</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the Alps, or other high mountains; <as>as, <ex>Alpestrine</ex> diseases, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Alpha</h1>
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<hw>Al"pha</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alpha</ets>, Gr. <grk>'a`lfa</grk>, from Heb. <ets>\'beleph</ets>, name of the first letter in the alphabet, also meaning <ets>ox</ets>.]</ety> <def>The first letter in the Greek alphabet, answering to A, and hence used to denote the <i>beginning</i>.</def>

<blockquote>In am <b>Alpha</b> and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last.
<i>Rev. xxii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<note>Formerly used also denote the <it>chief</it>; as, Plato was the <i>alpha</i> of the wits.</note>

<note>&hand; In cataloguing stars, the brightest star of a constellation in designated by Alpha (&alpha;); as, &alpha; Lyr\'91.</note>

<h1>Alphabet</h1>
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<hw>Al"pha*bet</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alphabetum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/, the first two Greek letters; Heb. <ets>\'beleph</ets> and <ets>beth</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alphabet</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The letters of a language arranged in the customary order; the series of letters or signs which form the elements of written language.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The simplest rudiments; elements.</def>

<blockquote>The very <b>alphabet</b> of our law.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Deaf and dumb alphabet</col>. <cd>See <er>Dactylology</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alphabet</h1>
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<hw>Al"pha*bet</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To designate by the letters of the alphabet; to arrange alphabetically.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Alphabetarian</h1>
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<hw>Al`pha*bet*a"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A learner of the alphabet; an abecedarian.</def>

<i>Abp. Sancroft.</i>

<h1>Alphabetic, Alphabetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al`pha*bet"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al`pha*bet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alphab\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, furnished with, expressed by, or in the order of, the letters of the alphabet; <as>as, <ex>alphabetic</ex> characters, writing, languages, arrangement</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Literal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Alphabetical</i> servility."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Alphabetically</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al`pha*bet"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an alphabetic manner; in the customary order of the letters.</def>

<h1>Alphabetics</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al`pha*bet"ics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of representing spoken sounds by letters.</def>

<h1>Alphabetism</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"pha*bet*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The expression of spoken sounds by an alphabet.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Alphabetize</h1>
<Xpage=42>

<hw>Al"pha*bet*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To arrange alphabetically; <as>as, to <ex>alphabetize</ex> a list of words</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with an alphabet.</def>

<h1>Al-phitomancy</h1>
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<hw>Al-phit"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ barley meal + -<ets>mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alphitomancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of barley meal.</def>

<i>Knowles.</i>

<hr>
<page="44">
Page 44<p>

<h1>Alphonsine</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al*phon"sine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to Alphonso X., the Wise, King of Castile (1252-1284).</def>

<cs><col>Alphonsine tables</col>, <cd>astronomical tables prepared under the patronage of Alphonso the Wise.</cd></cs>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Alpigene</h1>
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<hw>Al"pi*gene</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Alpes</ets> Alps + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <def>Growing in Alpine regions.</def>

<h1>Alpine</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"pine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Alpinus</ets>, fr. <ets>Alpes</ets> the Alps: cf. F. <ets>Alpin</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the Alps, or to any lofty mountain; <as>as, <ex>Alpine</ex> snows; <ex>Alpine</ex> plants.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Like the Alps; lofty.</def> "Gazing up an <i>Alpine</i> height."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Alpinist</h1>
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<hw>Al"pin*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A climber of the Alps.</def>

<h1>Alpist, Alpia</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw><hw>Al"pist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"pi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.: cf. Sp. & Pg. <ets>alpiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>The seed of canary grass <spn>(Phalaris Canariensis)</spn>, used for feeding cage birds.</def>

<h1>Alquifou</h1>
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<hw>Al"qui*fou</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Equiv. to <ets>arquifoux</ets>, F. <ets>alquifoux</ets>, Sp. <ets>alquif\'a2l</ets>, fr. the same Arabic word as <ets>alcohol</ets>. See <er>Alcohol</er>.]</ety> <def>A lead ore found in Cornwall, England, and used by potters to give a green glaze to their wares; potter's ore.</def>

<h1>Already</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al*read"y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>All</ets> (OE. <ets>al</ets>) + <ets>ready</ets>.]</ety> <def>Prior to some specified time, either past, present, or future; by this time; previously.</def> "Joseph was in Egypt <i>already</i>."

<i>Exod. i. 5.</i>

<blockquote>I say unto you, that Elias is come <b>already</b>.
<i>Matt. xvii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; It has reference to past time, but may be used for a future past; as, when you shall arrive, the business will be <i>already</i> completed, or will have been <i>already</i> completed.</note>

<h1>Als</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Als</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Also.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>As.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Alsatian</h1>
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<hw>Al*sa"tian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Alsatia.</def>

<h1>Alsatian</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al*sa"tian</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inhabitant of Alsatia or Alsace in Germany, or of Alsatia or White Friars (a resort of debtors and criminals) in London.</def>

<h1>Al segno</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al` se"gno</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[It., to the mark or sign.]</ety><fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A direction for the performer to return and recommence from the sign <?/.</def>

<h1>Alsike</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"sike</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Alsike</ets>, in Sweden.]</ety> <def>A species of clover with pinkish or white flowers; <spn>Trifolium hybridum</spn>.</def>

<h1>Also</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"so</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & conj.</tt> <ety>[<ets>All</ets> + <ets>so</ets>. OE. <ets>al so</ets>, AS. <ets>ealsw\'be</ets>, <ets>alsw<?/</ets>, <ets>\'91lsw\'91</ets>; <ets>eal</ets>, <ets>al</ets>, <ets>\'91l</ets>, all + <ets>sw\'be</ets> so. See <er>All</er>, <er>So</er>, <er>As</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In like manner; likewise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In addition; besides; as well; further; too.</def>

<blockquote>Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven . . . for where your treasure is, there will your heart be <b>also</b>.
<i>Matt. vi. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Even as; as; so.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Also</er>, <er>Likewise</er>, <er>Too</er>.</syn> <usage> These words are used by way of <i>transition</i>, in leaving one thought and passing to another. <i>Also</i> is the widest term. It denotes that what follows is <i>all so</i>, or entirely like that which preceded, or may be affirmed with the same truth; as, "If you were there, I was there <i>also</i>;" "If our situation has some discomforts, it has <i>also</i> many sources of enjoyment."  <i>Too</i> is simply less formal and pointed than <i>also</i>; it marks the transition with a lighter touch; as, "I was there <i>too</i>;" "a courtier yet a patriot <i>too</i>." <i>Pope</i>. <i>Likewise</i> denotes literally "in like manner," and hence has been thought by some to be more specific than <i>also</i>. "It implies," says Whately, "some connection or agreement between the words it unites. We may say, \'bf He is a poet, and <i>likewise</i> a musician; ' but we should not say, \'bf He is a <i>prince</i>, and <i>likewise</i> a musician,' because there is no natural connection between these qualities." This distinction, however, is often disregarded.</usage>

<h1>Alt</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Alt</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Alto</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The higher part of the scale. See <er>Alto</er>.</def>

<cs><col>To be in alt</col>, <cd>to be in an exalted state of mind.</cd></cs>

<mhw><h1>Altaian, Altaic</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al*ta"ian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al*ta"ic</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alta\'8bque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Altai, a mountain chain in Central Asia.</def>

<h1>Altar</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"tar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>alter</ets>, <ets>auter</ets>, <ets>autier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>altare</ets>, pl. <ets>altaria</ets>, altar, prob. fr. <ets>altus</ets> high: cf. OF. <ets>alter</ets>, <ets>autier</ets>, F. <ets>autel</ets>. Cf. <er>Altitude</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A raised structure (as a square or oblong erection of stone or wood) on which sacrifices are offered or incense burned to a deity.</def>

<blockquote>Noah builded an <b>altar</b> unto the Lord.
<i>Gen. viii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the Christian church, a construction of stone, wood, or other material for the celebration of the Holy Eucharist; the communion table.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Altar</i> is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound; as, <i>altar</i> bread or <i>altar</i>-bread.</note>

<cs><col>Altar cloth or</col> <cd>Altar-cloth</col>, the cover for an altar in a Christian church, usually richly embroidered.</cd> -- <col>Altar cushion</col>, <cd>a cushion laid upon the altar in a Christian church to support the service book.</cd> -- <col>Altar frontal</col>.<cd> See <er>Frontal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Altar rail</col>,<cd> the railing in front of the altar or communion table.</cd> -- <col>Altar screen</col>,<cd> a wall or partition built behind an altar to protect it from approach in the rear.</cd> -- <col>Altar tomb</col>,<cd> a tomb resembling an altar in shape, etc.</cd> -- <col>Family altar</col>,<cd> place of family devotions.</cd> -- <col>To lead (as a bride) to the altar</col>, <cd>to marry; -- said of a woman.</cd></cs>

<h1>Altarage</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"tar*age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>auterage</ets>, <ets>autelage</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The offerings made upon the altar, or to a church.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The profit which accrues to the priest, by reason of the altar, from the small tithes.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Altarist</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"tar*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>altarista</ets>, F. <ets>altariste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A chaplain.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A vicar of a church.</def>

<h1>Altarpiece</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"tar*piece`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The painting or piece of sculpture above and behind the altar; reredos.</def>

<h1>Altarwise</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"tar*wise`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the proper position of an altar, that is, at the east of a church with its ends towards the north and south.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Altazimuth</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Alt*az"i*muth</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>All</ets>tude + <ets>azimuth</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An instrument for taking azimuths and altitudes simultaneously.</def>

<h1>Alter</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Altered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Altering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>alt\'82rer</ets>, LL. <ets>alterare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>alter</ets> other, <ets>alius</ets> other. Cf. <er>Else</er>, <er>Other</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make otherwise; to change in some respect, either partially or wholly; to vary; to modify.</def>  "To <i>alter</i> the king's course."  "To <i>alter</i> the condition of a man."  "No power in Venice can <i>alter</i> a decree."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>It gilds all objects, but it <b>alters</b> none.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My covenant will I not break, nor <b>alter</b> the thing that is gone out of my lips.
<i>Ps. lxxxix. 34.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To agitate; to affect mentally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To geld.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Change</er>, <er>Alter</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Change</i> is generic and the stronger term. It may express a loss of identity, or the substitution of one thing in place of another; <i>alter</i> commonly expresses a partial change, or a change in form or details without destroying identity.</usage>

<h1>Alter</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become, in some respects, different; to vary; to change; <as>as, the weather <ex>alters</ex> almost daily; rocks or minerals <ex>alter</ex> by exposure.</as></def> "The law of the Medes and Persians, which <i>altereth</i> not."

<i>Dan. vi. 8.</i>

<h1>Alterability</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al`ter*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alt\'82rabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being alterable; alterableness.</def>

<h1>Alterable</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"ter*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alt\'82rable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being altered.</def>

<blockquote>Our condition in this world is mutable and uncertain, <b>alterable</b> by a thousand accidents.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alterableness</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"ter*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being alterable; variableness; alterability.</def>

<h1>Alterably</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"ter*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an alterable manner.</def>

<h1>Alterant</h1>
<Xpage=44>

<hw>Al"ter*ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>alterans</ets>, p. pr.: cf. F. <ets>alt\'82rant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Altering; gradually changing.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Alterant</h1>
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<hw>Al"ter*ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An alterative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Alteration</h1>
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<hw>Al`ter*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alt\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of altering or making different.</def>

<blockquote><b>Alteration</b>, though it be from worse to better, hath in it incoveniences.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being altered; a change made in the form or nature of a thing; changed condition.</def>

<blockquote>Ere long might perceive
Strange <b>alteration</b> in me.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Appius Claudius admitted to the senate the sons of those who had been slaves; by which, and succeeding <b>alterations</b>, that council degenerated into a most corrupt.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alterative</h1>
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<hw>Al"ter*a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alterativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alt\'82ratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing ateration.</def> Specifically: <def>Gradually changing, or tending to change, a morbid state of the functions into one of health.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Alterative</h1>
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<hw>Al"ter*a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine or treatment which gradually induces a change, and restores healthy functions without sensible evacuations.</def>

<h1>Altercate</h1>
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<hw>Al"ter*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Altercated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Altercating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>altercatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>altercare</ets>, <ets>altercari</ets>, fr. <ets>alter</ets> another. See <er>Alter</er>.]</ety> <def>The contend in words; to dispute with zeal, heat, or anger; to wrangle.</def>

<h1>Altercation</h1>
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<hw>Al`ter*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>altercation</ets>, fr. L. <ets>altercatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Warm contention in words; dispute carried on with heat or anger; controversy; wrangle; wordy contest.</def> "Stormy <i>altercations</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Altercation</er>, <er>Dispute</er>, <er>Wrangle</er>.</syn> <usage> The term <i>dispute</i> is in most cases, but not necessarily, applied to a verbal contest; <as>as, a <ex>dispute</ex> on the lawfulness of war</as>. An <i>altercation</i> is an angry dispute between two parties, involving an interchange of severe language. A <i>wrangle</i> is a confused and noisy altercation.</usage>

<blockquote>Their whole life was little else than a perpetual <b>wrangling</b> and <b>altercation</b>.
<i>Hakewill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Altercative</h1>
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<hw>Al"ter*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by wrangling; scolding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fielding.</i>

<h1>Alterity</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alt\'82rit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being other; a being otherwise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>For outness is but the feeling of otherness (<b>alterity</b>) rendered intuitive, or <b>alterity</b> visually represented.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Altern</h1>
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<hw>Al"tern</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alternus</ets>, fr. <ets>alter</ets> another: cf. F. <ets>alterne</ets>.]</ety> <def>Acting by turns; alternate.</def>

<i>Milton.</cd></i>

<cs><col>Altern base</col> <fld>(Trig.)</fld>, <cd>a second side made base, in distinction from a side previously regarded as base.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alternacy</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"na*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Alternateness; alternation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Alternant</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"nant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alternans</ets>, p. pr.: cf. F. <ets>alternant</ets>. See <er>Alternate</er>, <ets>v. t</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Composed of alternate layers, as some rocks.</def>

<h1>Alternate</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"nate</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alternatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>alternate</ets>, fr. <ets>alternus</ets>. See <er>Altern</er>, <er>Alter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being or succeeding by turns; one following the other in succession of time or place; by turns first one and then the other; hence, reciprocal.</def>

<blockquote>And bid <b>alternate</b> passions fall and rise.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Designating the members in a series, which regularly intervene between the members of another series, as the odd or even numbers of the numerals; every other; every second; <as>as, the <ex>alternate</ex> members 1, 3, 5, 7, etc.</as> ; read every <i>alternate</i> line.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Distributed, as leaves, singly at different heights of the stem, and at equal intervals as respects angular divergence.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<cs><col>Alternate alligation</col>. <cd>See <er>Alligation</er>.</cd> -- <col>Alternate angles</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the internal and angles made by two lines with a third, on opposite sides of it. It the parallels AB, CD, are cut by the line EF, the angles AGH, GHD, as also the angles BGH and GHC, are called <i>alternate angles<i>.</cd> -- <col>Alternate generation</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Generation</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alternate</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"nate</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which alternates with something else; vicissitude.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Grateful <b>alternates</b> of substantial.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A substitute; one designated to take the place of another, if necessary, in performing some duty.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A proportion derived from another proportion by interchanging the means.</def>

<h1>Alternate</h1>
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<hw>Al"ter*nate</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Alternated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Alternating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>alternatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>alternare</ets>. See <er>Altern</er>.]</ety> <def>To perform by turns, or in succession; to cause to succeed by turns; to interchange regularly.</def>

<blockquote>The most high God, in all things appertaining unto this life, for sundry wise ends <b>alternates</b> the disposition of good and evil.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alternate</h1>
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<hw>Al"ter*nate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To happen, succeed, or act by turns; to follow reciprocally in place or time; -- followed by <i>with</i>; <as>as, the flood and ebb tides <ex>alternate</ex> with each other</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Rage, shame, and grief <b>alternate</b> in his breast.
<i>J. Philips.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Different species <b>alternating</b> with each other.
<i>Kirwan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To vary by turns; <as>as, the land <ex>alternates</ex> between rocky hills and sandy plains</as>.</def>

<h1>Alternately</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"nate*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In reciprocal succession; succeeding by turns; in alternate order.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>By alternation; when, in a proportion, the antecedent term is compared with antecedent, and consequent.</def>

<h1>Alternateness</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"nate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being alternate, or of following by turns.</def>

<h1>Alternation</h1>
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<hw>Al`ter*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alternatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alternation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The reciprocal succession of things in time or place; the act of following and being followed by turns; alternate succession, performance, or occurrence; <as>as, the <ex>alternation</ex> of day and night, cold and heat, summer and winter, hope and fear</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Permutation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The response of the congregation speaking alternately with the minister.</def>

<i>Mason.</i>

<cs><col>Alternation of generation</col>. <cd>See under <er>Generation</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alternative</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"na*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alternatif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Offering a choice of two things.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disjunctive; <as>as, an <ex>alternative</ex> conjunction</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Alternate; reciprocal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Alternative</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"na*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alternative</ets>, LL. <ets>alternativa</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An offer of two things, one of which may be chosen, but not both; a choice between two things, so that if one is taken, the other must be left.</def>

<blockquote>There is something else than the mere <b>alternative</b> of absolute destruction or unreformed existence.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Either of two things or propositions offered to one's choice. Thus when <i>two</i> things offer a choice of <i>one</i> only, the two things are called <er>alternatives</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Having to choose between two <b>alternatives</b>, safety and war, you obstinately prefer the worse.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The course of action or the thing offered in place of another.</def>

<blockquote>If this demand is refused the <b>alternative</b> is war.
<i>Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With no <b>alternative</b> but death.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A choice between more than two things; one of several things offered to choose among.</def>

<blockquote>My decided preference is for the fourth and last of th<?/<?/ <b>alternatives</b>.
<i>Gladstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alternatively</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"na*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of alternatives, or that admits the choice of one out of two things.</def>

<h1>Alternativeness</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"na*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being alternative, or of offering a choice between two.</def>

<h1>Alternity</h1>
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<hw>Al*ter"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>alternitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Succession by turns; alternation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Alth\'91a, Althea</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al*th\'91"a</hw>, <hw>Al*the"a</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[althaea, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genus of plants of the Mallow family. It includes the officinal marsh mallow, and the garden hollyhocks.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An ornamental shrub <spn>(Hibiscus Syriacus)</spn> of the Mallow family.</def>

<h1>Altheine</h1>
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<hw>Al*the"ine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Asparagine.</def>

<h1>Altho</h1>
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<hw>Al*tho"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <def>Although.</def> <mark>[Reformed spelling]</mark>

Alt"horn`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Alt</ets> + <ets>horn</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An instrument of the saxhorn family, used exclusively in military music, often replacing the French horn.</def>

<i>Grove.</i>

<h1>Although</h1>
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<hw>Al*though"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[<ets>All</ets> + <ets>though</ets>; OE. <ets>al thagh</ets>.]</ety> <def>Grant all this; be it that; supposing that; notwithstanding; though.</def>

<blockquote><b>Although</b> all shall be offended, yet will no I.
<i>Mark xiv. 29.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Although</er>, <er>Though</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Although</i>, which originally was perhaps more emphatic than <i>though</i>, is now interchangeable with it in the sense given above. Euphonic consideration determines the choice.</usage>

<h1>Altiloquence</h1>
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<hw>Al*til"o*quence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Lofty speech; pompous language.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Altiloquent</h1>
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<hw>Al*til"o*quent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>altus</ets> (adv. <ets>alte</ets>) high + <ets>loquens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>High-sounding; pompous in speech.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Altimeter</h1>
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<hw>Al*tim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>altimeter</ets>; <ets>altus</ets> high + <ets>metrum</ets>, Gr. <?/, measure: cf. F. <ets>altim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for taking altitudes, as a quadrant, sextant, etc.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Altimetry</h1>
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<hw>Al*tim"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>altim\'82trie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of measuring altitudes, or heights.</def>

<h1>Altincar</h1>
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<hw>Al*tin"car</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Tincal</er>.</def>

<h1>Altiscope</h1>
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<hw>Al"ti*scope</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>altus</ets> high + Gr. <?/ to view.]</ety> <def>An arrangement of lenses and mirrors which enables a person to see an object in spite of intervening objects.</def>


<-- p. 45  -->

<h1>Altisonant</h1>
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<hw>Al*tis"o*nant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>altus</ets> high + <ets>sonans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>sonare</ets> to sound.]</ety> <def>High-sounding; lofty or pompous.</def>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Altisonous</h1>
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<hw>Al*tis"o*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>altisonus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Altisonant.</def>

<h1>Altissimo</h1>
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<hw>Al*tis"si*mo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.; superl. of <ets>alto</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The part or notes situated above F in alt.</def>

<h1>Altitude</h1>
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<hw>Al"ti*tude</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>altitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>altus</ets> high. Cf. <er>Altar</er>, <er>Haughty</er>, <er>Enhance</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Space extended upward; height; the perpendicular elevation of an object above its foundation, above the ground, or above a given level, or of one object above another; <as>as, the <ex>altitude</ex> of a mountain, or of a bird above the top of a tree</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The elevation of a point, or star, or other celestial object, above the horizon, measured by the arc of a vertical circle intercepted between such point and the horizon. It is either <i>true</i> or <i>apparent</i>; <i>true</i> when measured from the rational or real <i>horizon</i>, <i>apparent</i> when from the sensible or apparent horizon.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The perpendicular distance from the base of a figure to the summit, or to the side parallel to the base; <as>as, the <ex>altitude</ex> of a triangle, pyramid, parallelogram, frustum, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Height of degree; highest point or degree.</def>

<blockquote>He is [proud] even to the <b>altitude</b> of his virtue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Height of rank or excellence; superiority.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Elevation of spirits; heroics; haughty airs.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<blockquote>The man of law began to get into his <b>altitude</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Meridian altitude</col>, <cd>an arc of the meridian intercepted between the south point on the horizon and any point on the meridian. See <er>Meridian</er>, 3.</cd></cs>

<h1>Altitudinal</h1>
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<hw>Al`ti*tu"di*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to height; <as>as, <ex>altitudinal</ex> measurements</as>.</def>

<h1>Altitudinarian</h1>
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<hw>Al`ti*tu`di*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lofty in doctrine, aims, etc.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Altivolant</h1>
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<hw>Al*tiv"o*lant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>altivolans</ets>. See <er>Volant</er>.]</ety> <def>Flying high.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Alto</h1>
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<hw>Al"to</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Altos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It. <ets>alto</ets> high, fr. L. <ets>altus</ets>. Cf. <er>Alt</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Formerly the part sung by the highest male, or counter-tenor, voices; now the part sung by the lowest female, or contralto, voices, between in tenor and soprano. In <i>instrumental</i> music it now signifies the tenor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An alto singer.</def>

<cs><col>Alto clef</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>the counter-tenor clef, or the C clef, placed so that the two strokes include the middle line of the staff.</cd>

<i>Moore.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Altogether</h1>
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<hw>Al`to*geth"er</hw> <tt>(#)</fld></tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>altogedere</ets>; <ets>al</ets> all + <ets>togedere</ets> together. See <er>Together</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>All together; conjointly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Altogether</b> they wen<?/ at once.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without exception; wholly; completely.</def>

<blockquote>Every man at his best state is <b>altogether</b> vanity.
<i>Ps. xxxix. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Altometer</h1>
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<hw>Al*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>altus</ets> high + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>A theodolite.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Alto-relievo</h1>
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<hw>Al"to-re*lie"vo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Alto-rilievo.</def>

<h1>Alto-rilievo</h1>
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<hw>Al"to-ri*lie*vo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alto-rilievos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Sculp.)</fld> <def>High relief; sculptured work in which the figures project more than half their thickness; <as>as, this figure is an <ex>alto-rilievo</ex> or in <ex>alto-rilievo</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; When the figure stands only half out, it is called <i>mezzo-rilievo</i>, <i>demi-rilievo</i>, or medium relief; when its projection is less than one half, <i>basso-rilievo</i>, <i>bas-relief</i>, or low relief.</note>

<h1>Altrical</h1>
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<hw>Al"tri*cal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like the articles.</def>

<h1>Altrices</h1>
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<hw>Al*tri"ces</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., nourishes, pl. of <ets>altrix</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Nursers, -- a term applied to those birds whose young are hatched in a very immature and helpless condition, so as to require the care of their parents for some time; -- opposed to <i>pr\'91coces</i>.</def>

<h1>Altruism</h1>
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<hw>Al"tru*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>altruisme</ets> (a word of Comte's), It. <ets>altrui</ets> of or to others, fr. L. <ets>alter</ets> another.]</ety> <def>Regard for others, both natural and moral; devotion to the interests of others; brotherly kindness; -- opposed to <i>egoism</i> or <i>selfishness</i>.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Altruist</h1>
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<hw>Al"tru*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One imbued with altruism; -- opposed to <i>egoist</i>.</def>

<h1>Altruistic</h1>
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<hw>Al`tru*is"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>altruiste</ets>, a. See <er>Altruism</er>..]</ety> <def>Regardful of others; beneficent; unselfish; -- opposed to <ant>egoistic</ant> or <ant>selfish</ant>.</def> <i>Bain</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>Al`tru*is"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Aludel</h1>
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<hw>Al"u*del</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. & Sp. <ets>aludel</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>aluth\'bel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the pear-shaped pots open at both ends, and so formed as to be fitted together, the neck of one into the bottom of another in succession; -- used in the process of sublimation.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Alula</h1>
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<hw>Al"u*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>ala</ets> a wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A false or bastard wing. See under <er>Bastard</er>.</def>

<h1>Alular</h1>
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<hw>Al"u*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the alula.</def>

<h1>Alum</h1>
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<hw>Al"um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>alum</ets>, <ets>alom</ets>, OF. <ets>alum</ets>, F. <ets>alun</ets>, fr. L. <ets>alumen</ets> alum.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A double sulphate formed of aluminium and some other element (esp. an alkali metal) or of aluminium. It has twenty-four molecules of water of crystallization.</def>

<note>&hand; Common <i>alum</i> is the double sulphate of aluminium and potassium. It is white, transparent, very astringent, and crystallizes easily in octahedrons. The term is extended so as to include other double sulphates similar to alum in formula.</note>

<h1>Alum</h1>
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<hw>Al"um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Alumen</h1>
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<hw>A*lu"men</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Alum.</def>

<h1>Alumina</h1>
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<hw>A*lu"mi*na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alumen</ets>, <ets>aluminis</ets>. See <er>Alum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the earths, consisting of two parts of aluminium and three of oxygen, <chform>Al2O3</chform>.</def>

<note>&hand; It is the oxide of the metal aluminium, the base of aluminous salts, a constituent of a large part of the earthy siliceous minerals, as the feldspars, micas, scapolites, etc., and the characterizing ingredient of common clay, in which it exists as an impure silicate with water, resulting from the decomposition of other aluminous minerals. In its natural state, it is the mineral corundum.</note>
<-- obtained commercially from the mineral bauxite, mined in large quantities. -->

<h1>Aluminate</h1>
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<hw>A*lu`mi*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound formed from the hydrate of aluminium by the substitution of a metal for the hydrogen.</def>

<h1>Aluminated</h1>
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<hw>A*lu"mi*na`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <tt>a.</tt> <def>Combined with alumina.</def>

<h1>Alumine</h1>
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<hw>Al"u*mine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Alumina.</def>

<i>Davy.</i>

<h1>Aluminic</h1>
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<hw>Al`u*min"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or containing aluminium; <as>as, <ex>aluminic</ex> phosphate</as>.</def>

<h1>Aluminiferous</h1>
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<hw>A*lu`mi*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alumen</ets> alum + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aluminif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing alum.</def>

<h1>Aluminiform</h1>
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<hw>A*lu"mi*ni*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alumen + -form</ets>.]</ety> <def>pertaining the form of alumina.</def>

<h1>Aluminium</h1>
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<hw>Al`u*min"i*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alumen</ets>. See <er>Alum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The metallic base of alumina. This metal is white, but with a bluish tinge, and is remarkable for its resistance to oxidation, and for its lightness, pertaining a specific gravity of about 2.6. Atomic weight 27.08. Symbol Al.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Aluminium bronze</col> or <col>gold</col></mcol>, <cd>a pale gold-colored alloy of aluminium and copper, used for journal bearings, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aluminize</h1>
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<hw>A*lu"mi*nize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat impregnate with alum; to alum.</def>

<h1>Aluminous</h1>
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<hw>A*lu"mi*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aluminosus</ets>, fr.  <ets>alumen</ets> alum: cf. F. <ets>alumineux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to or containing alum, or alumina; <as>as, <ex>aluminous</ex> minerals, <ex>aluminous</ex> solution</as>.</def>

<h1>Aluminum</h1>
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<hw>A*lu"mi*num</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Aluminium</er>.</def>

<h1>Alumish</h1>
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<hw>Al"um*ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat like alum.</def>

<h1>Alumna</h1>
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<hw>A*lum"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. fem.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alumn\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu> . <ety>[L. See <er>Alumnus</er>.]</ety> <def>A female pupil; especially, a graduate of a school or college.</def>

<h1>Alumnus</h1>
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<hw>A*lum"nus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alumni</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>alere</ets> to nourish.]</ety> <def>A pupil; especially, a graduate of a college or other seminary of learning.</def>

<h1>Alum root</h1>
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<hw>Al"um root`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A North American herb <spn>(Heuchera Americana)</spn> of the Saxifrage family, whose root has astringent properties.</def>

<h1>Alum schist, Alum shale</h1>
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<hw><hw>Al"um schist"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Al"um shale"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of shale or clay slate, containing iron pyrites, the decomposition of which leads to the formation of alum, which often effloresces on the rock.</def>

<h1>Alum stone</h1>
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<hw>Al"um stone`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A subsulphate of alumina and potash; alunite.</def>

<h1>Alunite</h1>
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<hw>Al"u*nite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Alum stone.</def>

<h1>Alunogen</h1>
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<hw>A*lu"no*gen</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>alun</ets> alum + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A white fibrous mineral frequently found on the walls of mines and quarries, chiefly hydrous sulphate of alumina; -- also called <i>feather alum</i>, and <i>hair salt</i>.</def>

<h1>Alure</h1>
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<hw>Al"ure</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>alure</ets>, <ets>aleure</ets>, walk, gait, fr. <ets>aler</ets> (F. <ets>aller</ets>) to go.]</ety> <def>A walk or passage; -- applied to passages of various kinds.</def>

<blockquote>The sides of every street were covered with fresh <b>alures</b> of marble.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alutaceous</h1>
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<hw>Al"u*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alutacius</ets>, fr. <ets>aluta</ets> soft leather.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Leathery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of a pale brown color; leather-yellow.</def>

<i>Brande.</i>

<h1>Alutation</h1>
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<hw>Al`u*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Alutaceous</er>.]</ety> <def>The tanning or dressing of leather.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Alveary</h1>
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<hw>Al"ve*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alvearies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>alvearium</ets>, <ets>alveare</ets>, beehive, fr. <ets>alveus</ets> a hollow vessel, beehive, from <ets>alvus</ets> belly, beehive.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A beehive, or something resembling a beehive.</def>

<i>Barret.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The hollow of the external ear.</def>

<i>Quincy.</i>

<h1>Alveated</h1>
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<hw>Al"ve*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alveatus</ets> hollowed out.]</ety> <def>Formed or vaulted like a beehive.</def>

<h1>Alveolar</h1>
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<hw>Al"ve*o*lar</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alveolus</ets> a small hollow or cavity: cf. F. <ets>alv\'82olaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, alveoli or little cells, sacs, or sockets.</def>

<cs><col>Alveolar processes</col>, <cd>the processes of the maxillary bones, containing the sockets of the teeth.</cd></cs>

<h1>Alveolary</h1>
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<hw>Al"ve*o*la*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Alveolar.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Alveolate</h1>
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<hw>Al"ve*o*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alveolatus</ets>, fr. <ets>alveolus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Deeply pitted, like a honeycomb.</def>

<h1>Alveole</h1>
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<hw>Al"ve*ole</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Alveolus</er>.</def>

<h1>Alveoliform</h1>
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<hw>Al*ve"o*li*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alvelous + -form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of alveoli, or little sockets, cells, or cavities.</def>

<h1>Alveolus</h1>
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<hw>Al*ve"o*lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alveoli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a small hollow or cavity, dim. of <ets>alveus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alv\'82ole</ets>. See <er>Alveary</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cell in a honeycomb.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small cavity in a coral, shell, or fossil</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A small depression, sac, or vesicle, as the socket of a tooth, the air cells of the lungs, the ultimate saccules of glands, etc.</def>

<h1>Alveus</h1>
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<hw>Al"ve*us</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alvei</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>The channel of a river.</def>

<i>Weate.</i>

<h1>Alvine</h1>
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<hw>Al"vine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>alvus</ets> belly: cf. F. <ets>alvin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, from, in, or pertaining to, the belly or the intestines; <as>as, <ex>alvine</ex> discharges; <ex>alvine</ex> concretions.</as></def>

<h1>Alway</h1>
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<hw>Al"way</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Always.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>I would not live <b>alway</b>.
<i>Job vii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Always</h1>
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<hw>Al"ways</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>All</ets> + <ets>way</ets>. The <it>s</it> is an adverbial (orig. a genitive) ending.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At all times; ever; perpetually; throughout all time; continually; <as>as, God is <ex>always</ex> the same</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Even in Heaven his [Mammon's] looks and thoughts.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Constancy during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals; invariably; uniformly; -- opposed to <i>sometimes</i> or <i>occasionally</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>always</b> rides a black galloway.
<i>Bulwer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Alyssum</h1>
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<hw>A*lys"sum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, name of a plant, perh. fr. <?/ priv. + <?/ raging madness.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of cruciferous plants; madwort. The <i>sweet alyssum</i> <spn>(A. maritimum)</spn>, cultivated for bouquets, bears small, white, sweet-scented flowers.</def>

<h1>Am</h1>
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<hw>Am</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[AS. <ets>am</ets>, <ets>eom</ets>, akin to Gothic <ets>im</ets>, Icel. <ets>em</ets>, Olr. <ets>am</ets>, Lith. <ets>esmi</ets>, L. <ets>sum</ets>., Gr. <?/, Zend <ets>ahmi</ets>, Skr. <ets>asmi</ets>, fr. a root <ets>as</ets> to be. <?/. See <er>Are</er>, and cf. <er>Be</er>, <er>Was</er>.]</ety> <def>The first person singular of the verb <i>be</i>, in the indicative mode, present tense. See <er>Be</er>.</def>

<blockquote>God said unto Moses, I <b>am</b> that <b>am</b>.
<i>Exod. iii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amability</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amabilitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lovableness.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<note>&hand; The New English Dictionary (Murray) says this word is "usefully distinct from <i>Amiability</i>."</note>

<h1>Amacratic</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*crat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ together + <?/ power.]</ety> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>Amasthenic.</def>

<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i>

<h1>Amadavat</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*da*vat"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Indian name. From <ets>Ahmedabad</ets>, a city from which it was imported to Europe.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The strawberry finch, a small Indian song bird <spn>(Estrelda amandava)</spn>, commonly caged and kept for fighting. The female is olive brown; the male, in summer, mostly crimson; -- called also <altname>red waxbill</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>amaduvad</asp> and <asp>avadavat</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Amadou</h1>
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<hw>Am"a*dou</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amadou</ets> tinder, prop. lure, bait, fr. <ets>amadouer</ets> to allure, caress, perh. fr. Icel. <ets>mata</ets> to feed, which is akin to E. <ets>meat</ets>.]</ety> <def>A spongy, combustible substance, prepared from fungus (<spn>Boletus</spn> and <spn>Polyporus</spn>) which grows on old trees; German tinder; punk. It has been employed as a styptic by surgeons, but its common use is as tinder, for which purpose it is prepared by soaking it in a strong solution of niter.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Amain</h1>
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<hw>A*main"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>main</ets>. See 2d <er>Main</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With might; with full force; vigorously; violently; exceedingly.</def>

<blockquote>They on the hill, which were not yet come to blows, perceiving the fewness of their enemies, came down <b>amain</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That striping giant, ill-bred and scoffing, shouts <b>amain</b>.
<i>T. Parker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>At full speed; in great haste; also, at once.</def> "They fled <i>amain</i>."

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Amain</h1>
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<hw>A*main"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amener</ets>. See <er>Amenable</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To lower, as a sail, a yard, etc.</def>

<h1>Amain</h1>
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<hw>A*main"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To lower the topsail, in token of surrender; to yield.</def>

<h1>Amalgam</h1>
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<hw>A*mal"gam</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amalgame</ets>, prob. fr. L. <ets>malagma</ets>, Gr. <?/, emollient, plaster, poultice, fr. <?/ to make soft, fr. <?/ soft.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An alloy of mercury with another metal or metals; <as>as, an <ex>amalgam</ex> of tin, bismuth, etc.</as></def>

<note>&hand; Medalists apply the term to soft alloys generally.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mixture or compound of different things.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A native compound of mercury and silver.</def>

<h1>Amalgam</h1>
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<hw>A*mal"gam</hw>, <tt>v. t. <?/ i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>amalgamer</ets>]</ety> <def>To amalgamate.</def>

<i>Boyle. B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Amalgama</h1>
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<hw>A*mal"ga*ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Amalgam</er>.</def>

<blockquote>They divided this their <b>amalgama</b> into a number of incoherent republics.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amalgamate</h1>
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<hw>A*mal"ga*mate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Amalgamated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Amalgamating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To compound or mix, as quicksilver, with another metal; to unite, combine, or alloy with mercury.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mix, so as to make a uniform compound; to unite or combine; <as>as, to <ex>amalgamate</ex> two races; to <ex>amalgamate</ex> one race with another.</as></def>

<blockquote>Ingratitude is indeed their four cardinal virtues compacted and <b>amalgamated</b> into one.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amalgamate</h1>
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<hw>A*mal"ga*mate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unite in an amalgam; to blend with another metal, as quicksilver.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To coalesce, as a result of growth; to combine into a uniform whole; to blend; <as>as, two organs or parts <ex>amalgamate</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Amalgamate, Amalgamated</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*mal"ga*mate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*mal"ga*ma`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Coalesced; united; combined.</def>

<h1>Amalgamation</h1>
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<hw>A*mal`ga*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>amalgamation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or operation of compounding mercury with another metal; -- applied particularly to the process of separating gold and silver from their ores by mixing them with mercury.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The mixing or blending of different elements, races, societies, etc.; also, the result of such combination or blending; a homogeneous union.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Amalgamative</h1>
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<hw>A*mal"ga*ma*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by amalgamation.</def>

<h1>Amalgamator</h1>
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<hw>A*mal"ga*ma`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, amalgamates. Specifically: A machine for separating precious metals from earthy particles by bringing them in contact with a body of mercury with which they form an amalgam.</def>

<h1>Amalgamize</h1>
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<hw>A*mal"ga*mize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To amalgamate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Amandine</h1>
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<hw>A*man"dine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amande</ets> almond. See <er>Almond</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The vegetable casein of almonds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of cold cream prepared from almonds, for chapped hands, etc.</def>

<h1>Amanitine</h1>
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<hw>A*man"i*tine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a sort of fungus.]</ety> <def>The poisonous principle of some fungi.</def>

<h1>Amanuensis</h1>
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<hw>A*man`u*en"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Amanuenses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>a</ets>, <ets>ab</ets> + <ets>manus</ets> hand.]</ety> <def>A person whose employment is to write what another dictates, or to copy what another has written.</def>

<h1>Amaracus</h1>
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<hw>A*mar"a*cus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A fragrant flower.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Amarant</h1>
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<hw>Am"a*rant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Amaranth, 1.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Amarantaceous</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*ran*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which the amaranth is the type.</def>

<h1>Amaranth</h1>
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<hw>Am"a*ranth</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amarantus</ets>, Gr. <?/, unfading, amaranth; <?/ priv. + <?/ to quench, cause to wither, fr. a root meaning to die, akin to E. <ets>mortal</ets>; -- so called because its flowers do not soon wither: cf. F. <ets>amarante</ets>. The spelling with <ets>th</ets> seems to be due to confusion with Gr. <?/ flower.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An imaginary flower supposed never to fade.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of ornamental annual plants <spn>(Amaranthus)</spn> of many species, with green, purplish, or crimson flowers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A color inclining to purple.</def>

<h1>Amaranthine</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*ran"thine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to amaranth.</def> "<i>Amaranthine</i> bowers."

<i>Pope.</i>

<hr>
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Page 46<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unfading, as the poetic amaranth; undying.</def>

<blockquote>They only <b>amaranthine</b> flower on earth
Is virtue.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of a purplish color.</def>

<i>Buchanan.</i>

<h1>Amaranthus,  Amarantus</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am`a*ran"thus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,  <hw>Am`a*ran"tus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Amaranth</er>.</def>

<h1>Amarine</h1>
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<hw>Am"a*rine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amarus</ets> bitter.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A characteristic crystalline substance, obtained from oil of bitter almonds.</def>

<h1>Amaritude</h1>
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<hw>A*mar"i*tude</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amaritudo</ets>, fr. <ets>amarus</ets> bitter: cf. OF. <ets>amaritude</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bitterness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Amaryllidaceous, Amaryllideous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am`a*ryl`li*da"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am`a*ryl*lid"e*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an order of plants differing from the lily family chiefly in having the ovary below the <?/etals. The narcissus and daffodil are members of this family.</def>

<h1>Amaryllis</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*ryl"lis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Amaryllis</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, the name of a country girl in Theocritus and Virgil.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pastoral sweetheart.</def>

<blockquote>To sport with <b>Amaryllis</b> in the shade.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A family of plants much esteemed for their beauty, including the narcissus, jonquil, daffodil, agave, and others.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of the same family, including the Belladonna lily.</def>

<h1>Amass</h1>
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<hw>A*mass"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Amassed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Amassing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ambusher</ets>, LL. amassare; L. <ets>ad + massa</ets> lump, mass. See <er>Mass</er>.]</ety> <def>To collect into a mass or heap; to gather a great quantity of; to accumulate; <as>as, to <ex>amass</ex> a treasure or a fortune; to <ex>amass</ex> words or phrases.</as></def>

<blockquote>The life Homer has been written by <b>amassing</b> all the traditions and hints the writers could meet with.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To accumulate; heap up; pile.</syn>

<h1>Amass</h1>
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<hw>A*mass"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>amasse</ets>, fr. <ets>ambusher</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mass; a heap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Amassable</h1>
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<hw>A*mass"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being amassed.</def>

<h1>Amasser</h1>
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<hw>A*mass"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who amasses.</def>

<h1>Amassette</h1>
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<hw>A`mas`sette"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Amass</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument of horn used for collecting painters' colors on the stone in the process of grinding.</def>

<h1>Amassment</h1>
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<hw>A*mass"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>amassement</ets>.]</ety> <def>An amassing; a heap collected; a large quantity or number brought together; an accumulation.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>amassment</b> of imaginary conceptions.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amasthenic</h1>
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<hw>Am`as*then"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ together + <?/ force.]</ety> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>Uniting the chemical rays of light into one focus, as a certain kind of lens; amacratic.</def>

<h1>Amate</h1>
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<hw>A*mate"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>amater</ets>, <ets>amatir</ets>.]</ety> <def>To dismay; to dishearten; to daunt.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The Silures, to <b>amate</b> the new general, rumored the overthrow greater than was true.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amate</h1>
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<hw>A*mate"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>mate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To be a mate to; to match.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Amateur</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*teur"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>amator</ets> lover, fr. <ets>amare</ets> to love.]</ety> <def>A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, or science as to music or painting; esp. one who cultivates any study or art, from taste or attachment, without pursuing it professionally.</def>

<h1>Amateurish</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*teur"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>In the style of an amateur; superficial or defective like the work of an amateur.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Am`a*teur"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Am`a*teur"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></def></wordforms>

<h1>Amateurism</h1>
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<hw>Am"a*teur*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice, habit, or work of an amateur.</def>

<h1>Amateurship</h1>
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<hw>Am"a*teur`ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or character of an amateur.</def>

<h1>Amative</h1>
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<hw>Am"a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>amare</ets> to love.]</ety> <def>Full of love; amatory.</def>

<h1>Amativeness</h1>
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<hw>Am"a*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>The faculty supposed to influence sexual desire; propensity to love.</def>

<i>Combe.</i>

<h1>Amatorial</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Amatorious</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a lover or to love making; amatory; <as>as, <ex>amatorial</ex> verses</as>.</def>

<h1>Amatorially</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*to"ri*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an amatorial manner.</def>

<h1>Amatorian</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*to"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Amatory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Amatorious</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*to"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>amare</ets> to love.]</ety> <def>Amatory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Amatorious</i> poem."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Amatory</h1>
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<hw>Am"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, producing, or expressing, sexual love; <as>as, <ex>amatory</ex> potions</as>.</def>

<h1>Amaurosis</h1>
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<hw>Am`au*ro"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ dark, dim.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A loss or decay of sight, from loss of power in the optic nerve, without any perceptible external change in the eye; -- called also <altname>gutta serena</altname>, the "<altname>drop serene</altname>" of Milton.</def>

<h1>Amaurotic</h1>
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<hw>Am`au*rot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with amaurosis; having the characteristics of amaurosis.</def>

<h1>Amaze</h1>
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<hw>A*maze"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Amazed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Amazing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>maze</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bewilder; to stupefy; to bring into a maze.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A labyrinth to <b>amaze</b> his foes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To confound, as by fear, wonder, extreme surprise; to overwhelm with wonder; to astound; to astonish greatly.</def> "<i>Amazing</i> Europe with her wit."

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<blockquote>And all the people were <b>amazed</b>, and said, Is not this the son of David?
<i>Matt. xii. 23.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To astonish; astound; confound; bewilder; perplex; surprise.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Amaze</er>, <er>Astonish</er>. <i>Amazement</i> includes the notion of bewilderment of difficulty accompanied by surprise. It expresses a state in which one does not know what to do, or to say, or to think. Hence we are <i>amazed</i> at what we can not in the least account for. <i>Astonishment</i> also implies surprise. It expresses a state in which one is <i>stunned</i> by the vastness or greatness of something, or struck with some degree of horror, as when one is overpowered by the <?/normity of an act, etc.</usage>

<h1>Amaze</h1>
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<hw>A*maze"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be astounded.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>B. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Amaze</h1>
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<hw>A*maze"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Bewilderment, arising from fear, surprise, or wonder; amazement.</def> <mark>[Chiefly poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>The wild, bewildered
Of one to stone converted by <b>amaze</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amazedly</h1>
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<hw>A*maz"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In amazement; with confusion or astonishment.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Amazedness</h1>
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<hw>A*maz"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being amazed, or confounded with fear, surprise, or wonder.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Amazeful</h1>
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<hw>A*maze"ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of amazement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Amazement</h1>
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<hw>A*maze"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of being amazed; bewilderment <mark>[Obs.]</mark>; overwhelming wonder, as from surprise, sudden fear, horror, or admiration.</def>

<blockquote>His words impression left
Of much <b>amazement</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Frenzy; madness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Webster (1661).</i>

<h1>Amazing</h1>
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<hw>A*maz"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing amazement; very wonderful; <as>as, <ex>amazing</ex> grace</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*maz"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Amazon</h1>
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<hw>Am"a*zon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of a fabulous race of female warriors in Scythia; hence, a female warrior.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tall, strong, masculine woman; a virago.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name numerous species of South American parrots of the genus <spn>Chrysotis</spn></def>

<cs><col>Amazon ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of ant <spn>(Polyergus rufescens)</spn>, of Europe and America. They seize by conquest the larv\'91 and nymphs other species and make slaves of them in their own nests.</cd></cs>

<h1>Amazonian</h1>
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<hw>Am`a*zo"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to or resembling an Amazon; of masculine manners; warlike.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the river Amazon in South America, or to its valley.</def>

<h1>Amazonite, Amazon stone</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am"a*zon*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am"a*zon stone`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from the river <ets>Amazon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of feldspar, having a verdigris-green color.</def>

<mhw><h1>Amb-, Ambi-</h1>
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<hw>Amb-</hw>, <hw>Am*bi-</hw></mhw>. <ety>[L. prefix <ets>ambi-</ets>, <ets>amb-</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>abhi</ets>, AS. <ets>embe</ets>, <ets>emb</ets>, OHG. <ets>umbi</ets>, <ets>umpi</ets>, G. <ets>um</ets>, and also L. <ets>ambo</ets> both. Cf. <er>Amphi-</er>, <er>Both</er>, <er>By</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix meaning <i>about</i>, <i>around</i>; -- used in words derived from the Latin.</def>

<h1>Ambages</h1>
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<hw>Am*ba"ges</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. (usually in pl.); pref. <ets>ambi-</ets>, <ets>amb-</ets> + <ets>agere</ets> to drive: cf. F. <ets>ambage</ets>.]</ety> <def>A circuit; a winding. Hence: Circuitous way or proceeding; quibble; circumlocution; indirect mode of speech.</def>

<blockquote>After many <b>ambages</b>, perspicuously define what this melancholy is.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ambaginous</h1>
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<hw>Am*bag"i*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ambagious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ambagious</h1>
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<hw>Am*ba"gious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambagiosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Circumlocutory; circuitous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ambagitory</h1>
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<hw>Am*bag"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ambagious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<mhw><h1>Ambassade, Embassade</h1>
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<hw>Am"bas*sade</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Em"bas*sade</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <tt>ambassade.</tt> See <er>Embassy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The mission of an ambassador.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An embassy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Strype.</i>

<mhw><h1>Ambassador, Embassador</h1>
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<hw>Am*bas"sa*dor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Em*bas"sa*dor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Embassador</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A minister of the highest rank sent a foreign court to represent there his sovereign or country.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Ambassador</i> are either <i>ordinary</i> [or <i>resident</i>] or <i>extraordinary</i>, that is, sent upon some special or unusual occasion or errand.</note>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An official messenger and representative.</def>

<h1>Ambassadorial</h1>
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<hw>Am*bas`sa*do"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an ambassador.</def>

<i>H. Walpole.</i>

<h1>Ambassadorship</h1>
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<hw>Am*bas`sa*dor*ship</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state, office, or functions of an ambassador.</def>

<h1>Ambassadress</h1>
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<hw>Am*bas"sa*dress</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female ambassador; also, the wife of an ambassador.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<h1>Ambassage</h1>
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<hw>Am"bas*sage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Embassage</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Luke xiv. 32.</i>

<h1>Ambassy</h1>
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<hw>Am"bas*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Embassy</er>, the usual spelling.</def>

<i>Helps.</i>

<h1>Amber</h1>
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<hw>Am"ber</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aumbre</ets>, F. <ets>ambre</ets>, Sp. <ets>\'a0mbar</ets>, and with the Ar. article, <ets>al\'a0mbar</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>'anbar</ets> ambergris.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A yellowish translucent resin resembling copal, found as a fossil in alluvial soils, with beds of lignite, or on the seashore in many places. It takes a fine polish, and is used for pipe mouthpieces, beads, etc., and as a basis for a fine varnish. By friction, it becomes strongly electric.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Amber color, or anything amber-colored; a clear light yellow; <as>as, the <ex>amber</ex> of the sky</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Ambergris.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>You that smell of <b>amber</b> at my charge.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The balsam, liquidambar.</def>

<cs><col>Black amber</col>, <cd>and old and popular name for <i>jet<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Amber</h1>
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<hw>Am"ber</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of amber; made of amber.</def>   "<i>Amber</i> bracelets."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling amber, especially in color; amber-colored.</def>   "The <i>amber</i> morn."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Amber</h1>
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<hw>Am"ber</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>p. p. & p. a.</tt> <er>Ambered</er> .]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To scent or flavor with ambergris; <as>as, <ex>ambered</ex> wine</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To preserve in amber; <as>as, an <ex>ambered</ex> fly</as>.</def>

<h1>Amber fish</h1>
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<hw>Am"ber fish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the southern Atlantic coast <spn>(Seriola Carolinensis.)</spn></def>

<h1>Ambergrease</h1>
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<hw>Am"ber*grease</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ambergris</er>.</def>

<h1>Ambergris</h1>
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<hw>Am"ber*gris</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ambre gris</ets>, i. e., gray amber; F. <ets>gris</ets> gray, which is of German origin: cf. OS. <ets>gr\'8cs</ets>, G. <ets>greis</ets>, gray-haired. See <er>Amber</er>.]</ety> <def>A substance of the consistence of wax, found floating in the Indian Ocean and other parts of the tropics, and also as a morbid secretion in the intestines of the sperm whale <spn>(Physeter macrocephalus)</spn>, which is believed to be in all cases its true origin. In color it is white, ash-gray, yellow, or black, and often variegated like marble. The floating masses are sometimes from sixty to two hundred and twenty-five pounds in weight. It is wholly volatilized as a white vapor at 212&deg; Fahrenheit, and is highly valued in perfumery.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Amber seed</h1>
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<hw>Am"ber seed`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>Seed of the <spn>Hibiscus abelmoschus</spn>, somewhat resembling millet, brought from Egypt and the West Indies, and having a flavor like that of musk; musk seed.</def>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Amber tree</h1>
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<hw>Am"ber tree`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A species of <spn>Anthospermum</spn>, a shrub with evergreen leaves, which, when bruised, emit a fragrant odor.</def>

<h1>Ambes-as</h1>
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<hw>Ambes"-as</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ambs-ace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ambidexter</h1>
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<hw>Am"bi*dex"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL., fr. L. <ets>ambo</ets> both + <ets>dexter</ets> right, <ets>dextra</ets> (sc. <ets>manus</ets>) the right hand.]</ety> <def>Using both hands with equal ease.</def>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Ambidexter</h1>
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<hw>Am`bi*dex"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person who uses both hands with equal facility.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence; A double-dealer; one equally ready to act on either side in party disputes.</def>

<blockquote>The rest are hypocrites, <b>ambidexters</b>, so many turning pictures -- a lion on one side, a lamb on the other.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A juror who takes money from both parties for giving his verdict.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Ambidexterity</h1>
<Xpage=46>

<hw>Am"bi*dex*ter"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being ambidex<?/rous; the faculty of using both hands with equal facility. Hence: Versatility; general readiness; <as>as, <ex>ambidexterity</ex> of argumentation</as>.</def>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<blockquote>Ignorant I was of the human frame, and of its latent powers, as regarded speed, force, and <b>ambidexterity</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Double-dealing</def>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A juror's taking of money from the both parties for a verdict.</def>

<h1>Ambidextral</h1>
<Xpage=46>

<hw>Am`bi*dex"tral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining equally to the right-hand side and the left-hand side.</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Ambidextrous</h1>
<Xpage=46>

<hw>Am`bi*dex"trous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining the faculty of using both hands with equal ease.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Practicing or siding with both parties.</def>

<blockquote>All false, shuffling, and <b>ambidextrous</b> dealings.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ambidextrously</h1>
<Xpage=46>

<hw>Am"bi*dex"trous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ambidextrous manner; cunningly.</def>

<h1>Ambidextrousness</h1>
<Xpage=46>

<hw>Am`bi*dex"trous*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being ambidextrous; ambidexterity.</def>

<h1>Ambient</h1>
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<hw>Am"bi*ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>ambire</ets> to go around; <ets>amb-</ets> + <ets>ire</ets> to go.]</ety> <def>Encompassing on all sides; circumfused; investing.</def>   "<i>Ambient</i> air." <i>Milton</i>. "<i>Ambient</i> clouds." <i>Pope</i>.

<h1>Ambient</h1>
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<hw>Am"bi*ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something that surrounds or invests; <as>as, air</as> . . . being a perpetual <i>ambient</i>.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Ambigenous</h1>
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<hw>Am*big"e*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambo</ets> both + <ets>genus</ets> kind.]</ety> <def>Of two kinds.</def> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Partaking of two natures, as the perianth of some endogenous plants, where the outer surface is calycine, and the inner petaloid.</def>

<h1>Ambigu</h1>
<Xpage=46>

<hw>Am"bi*gu</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>ambigu</ets> doubtful, L. <ets>ambiquus</ets>. See <er>Ambiguous</er>.]</ety> <def>An entertainment at which a medley of dishes is set on at the same time.</def>

<h1>Ambiguity</h1>
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<hw>Am`bi*gu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ambiguities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>ambiguitas</ets>, fr. <ets>ambiguus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ambiguit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty, particularly as to the signification of language, arising from its admitting of more than one meaning; an equivocal word or expression.</def>

<blockquote>No shadow of <b>ambiguity</b> can rest upon the course to be pursued.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The words are of single signification, without any <b>ambiguity</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ambiguous</h1>
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<hw>Am*big"u*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambiguus</ets>, fr. <ets>ambigere</ets> to wander about, waver; <ets>amb-</ets> + <ets>agere</ets> to drive.]</ety> <def>Doubtful or uncertain, particularly in respect to signification; capable of being understood in either of two or more possible senses; equivocal; <as>as, an <ex>ambiguous</ex> course; an <ex>ambiguous</ex> expression.</as></def>

<blockquote>What have been thy answers? What but dark,
<b>Ambiguous</b>, and with double sense deluding?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Doubtful; dubious; uncertain; unsettled; indistinct; indeterminate; indefinite. See <er>Equivocal</er>.</syn>

<h1>Ambiguously</h1>
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<hw>Am*big"u*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ambiguous manner; with doubtful meaning.</def>

<h1>Ambiguousness</h1>
<Xpage=46>

<hw>Am*big"u*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ambiguity.</def>

<h1>Ambilevous</h1>
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<hw>Am`bi*le"vous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambo</ets> both + <ets>laevus</ets> left.]</ety> <def>Left-handed on both sides; clumsy; -- opposed to <i>ambidexter</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Ambiloquy</h1>
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<hw>Am*bil"o*quy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Doubtful or ambiguous language.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Ambiparous</h1>
<Xpage=46>

<hw>Am*bip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambo</ets> both + <ets>parere</ets> to bring forth.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Characterized by containing the rudiments of both flowers and leaves; -- applied to a bud.</def>

<h1>Ambit</h1>
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<hw>Am"bit</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambitus</ets> circuit, fr. <ets>ambire</ets> to go around. See <er>Ambient</er>.]</ety> <def>Circuit or compass.</def>

<blockquote>His great parts did not live within a small <b>ambit</b>.
<i>Milward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ambition</h1>
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<hw>Am*bi"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ambition</ets>, L. <ets>ambitio</ets> a going around, especially of candidates for office is Rome, to solicit votes (hence, desire for office or honor<?/ fr. <ets>ambire</ets> to go around. See <er>Ambient</er>, <er>Issue</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of going about to solicit or obtain an office, or any other object of desire; canvassing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>[I] used no <b>ambition</b> to commend my deeds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An eager, and sometimes an inordinate, desire for preferment, honor, superiority, power, or the attainment of something.</def>

<blockquote>Cromwell, I charge thee, fling a way <b>ambition</b>:
By that sin fell the angels.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The pitiful <b>ambition</b> of possessing five or six thousand more acres.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ambition</h1>
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<hw>Am*bi"tion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ambitionner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To seek after ambitiously or eagerly; to covet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Pausanias, <b>ambitioning</b> the sovereignty of Greece, bargains with Xerxes for his daughter in marriage.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ambitionist</h1>
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<hw>Am*bi"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One excessively ambitious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ambitionless</h1>
<Xpage=46>

<hw>Am*bi"tion*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Devoid of ambition.</def>

<i>Pollok.</i>

<h1>Ambitious</h1>
<Xpage=46>

<hw>Am*bi"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambitiosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ambitieux</ets>. See <er>Ambition</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessing, or controlled by, ambition; greatly or inordinately desirous of power, honor, office, superiority, or distinction.</def>

<blockquote>Yet Brutus says he was <b>ambitious</b>,
And Brutus is an honorable man.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Strongly desirous; -- followed by <i>of</i> or the infinitive; <as>as, <ex>ambitious</ex> to be or to do something</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I was not <b>ambitious of</b> seeing this ceremony.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Studious of song, and yet <b>ambitious</b> not to sing in vain.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Springing from, characterized by, or indicating, ambition; showy; aspiring; <as>as, an <ex>ambitious</ex> style</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A giant statue . . .
Pushed by a wild and artless race,
From off wide, <b>ambitious</b> base.
<i>Collins.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ambitiously</h1>
<Xpage=46>

<hw>Am*bi"tious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ambitious manner.</def>

<-- p. 47  -->

<h1>Ambitiousness</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am*bi"tious*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being ambitious; ambition; pretentiousness.</def>

<h1>Ambitus</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"bi*tus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Ambit</er>, <er>Ambition</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The exterior edge or border of a thing, as the border of a leaf, or the outline of a bivalve shell.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A canvassing for votes.</def>

<h1>Amble</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ambled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ambling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ambler</ets> to amble, fr. L. <ets>ambulare</ets> to walk, in LL., to amble, perh. fr. <ets>amb-</ets>, <ets>ambi-</ets>, and a root meaning <ets>to go</ets>: cf. Gr. <?/ to go, E. <ets>base</ets>. Cf. <er>Ambulate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go at the easy gait called an amble; -- applied to the horse or to its rider.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move somewhat like an ambling horse; to go easily or without hard shocks.</def>

<blockquote>The skipping king, he <b>ambled</b> up and down.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sir, your wit <b>ambles</b> well; it goes easily.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amble</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A peculiar gait of a horse, in which both legs on the same side are moved at the same time, alternating with the legs on the other side.</def> "A fine easy <i>amble</i>."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A movement like the amble of a horse.</def>

<h1>Ambler</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"bler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A horse or a person that ambles.</def>

<h1>Amblingly</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"bling*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With an ambling gait.</def>

<h1>Amblotic</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am*blot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/  an abortion.]</ety> <def>Tending to cause abortion.</def>

<h1>Amblygon</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"bly*gon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ obtuse + <?/ angle: cf. F. <ets>amblygone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>An obtuse-angled figure, esp. and obtuse-angled triangle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Amblygonal</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am*blyg"o*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Obtuse-angled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<h1>Amblyopia, Amblyopy</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw><hw>Am`bly*o"pi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am"bly*o`py</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ blunt, dim + <?/ eye: cf. F. <ets>amblyopie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Weakness of sight, without and opacity of the cornea, or of the interior of the eye; the first degree of amaurosis.</def>

<h1>Amblyopic</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"bly*op"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to amblyopy.</def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<h1>Amblypoda</h1>
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<hw>Am*blyp"o*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ blunt + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A group of large, extinct, herbivorous mammals, common in the Tertiary formation of the United States.</def>

<h1>Ambo</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"bo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ambos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>ambo</ets>, Gr. <?/, any rising, a raised stage, pulpit: cf. F. <ets>ambon</ets>.]</ety> <def>A large pulpit or reading desk, in the early Christian churches.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Ambon</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"bon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ambo</er>.</def>

<h1>Amboyna wood</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am*boy"na wood</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A beautiful mottled and curled wood, used in cabinetwork. It is obtained from the <spn>Pterocarpus Indicus</spn> of Amboyna, Borneo, etc.</def>

<h1>Ambreate</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"bre*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt formed by the combination of ambreic acid with a base or positive radical.</def>

<h1>Ambreic</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am*bre"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to ambrein; -- said of a certain acid produced by digesting ambrein in nitric acid.</def>

<h1>Ambrein</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"bre*in</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ambr\'82ine</ets>. See <er>Amber</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A fragrant substance which is the chief constituent of ambergris.</def>

<h1>Ambrite</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"brite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>amber</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fossil resin occurring in large masses in New Zealand.</def>

<h1>Ambrose</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"brose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sweet-scented herb; ambrosia. See <er>Ambrosia</er>, 3.</def>

<i>Turner.</i>

<h1>Ambrosia</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am*bro"sia</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambrosia</ets>, Gr. <?/, properly fem. of <?/, fr. <?/ immortal, divine; <?/ priv. + <?/ mortal (because it was supposed to confer immortality on those who partook of it). <?/ stands for <?/, akin to Skr. <ets>mrita</ets>, L. <ets>mortuus</ets>, dead, and to E. <ets>mortal</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fabled food of the gods (as nectar was their drink), which conferred immortality upon those who partook of it.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An unguent of the gods.</def>

<blockquote>His dewy locks distilled <b>ambrosia</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A perfumed unguent, salve, or draught; something very pleasing to the taste or smell.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Formerly, a kind of fragrant plant; now (Bot.), a genus of plants, including some coarse and worthless weeds, called <i>ragweed</i>, <i>hogweed</i>, etc.</def>

<h1>Ambrosiac</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"bro"si*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambrosiacus</ets>:  cf. F. <ets>ambrosiaque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the qualities of ambrosia; delicious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>"<i>Ambrosiac</i> odors."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Ambrosial</h1>
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<hw>Am*bro"sial</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambrosius</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of, or partaking of the nature of, ambrosia; delighting the taste or smell; delicious.</def>  "<i>Ambrosial</i> food."  "<i>Ambrosial</i> fragrance."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Divinely excellent or beautiful.</def>  "Shakes his <i>ambrosial</i> curls."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Ambrosially</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am*bro"sial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>After the manner of ambrosia; delightfully.</def> "Smelt <i>ambrosially</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Ambrosian</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am*bro"sian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ambrosial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Ambrosian</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am*bro"sian</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to St. Ambrose; <as>as, the <ex>Ambrosian</ex> office, or ritual, a formula of worship in the church of Milan, instituted by St</as>. Ambrose.</def>

<cs><col>Ambrosian chant</col>, <cd>the mode of signing or chanting introduced by St. Ambrose in the 4th century.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ambrosin</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"bro*sin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>Ambrosin</ets>us nummus.]</ety> <def>An early coin struck by the dukes of Milan, and bearing the figure of St. Ambrose on horseback.</def>

<h1>Ambrotype</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"bro*type</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ immortal + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A picture taken on a place of prepared glass, in which the lights are represented in silver, and the shades are produced by a dark background visible through the unsilvered portions of the glass.</def>

<h1>Ambry</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"bry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ambries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>aumbry</ets>, <ets>almery</ets>, OF. <ets>almarie</ets>, <ets>armarie</ets>, <ets>aumaire</ets>, F. <ets>armoire</ets>, LL. <ets>armarium</ets> chest, cupboard, orig. a repository for arms, fr. L. <ets>arama</ets> arms. The word has been confused with <ets>almonry</ets>. See <er>Armory</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In churches, a kind of closet, niche, cupboard, or locker for utensils, vestments, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A store closet, as a pantry, cupboard, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Almonry.</def> <mark>[<i>Improperly so used</i>]</mark>

<h1>Ambs-ace</h1>
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<hw>Ambs"-ace</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ambesas</ets>; <ets>ambes</ets> both (fr. L. <ets>ambo</ets>) + <ets>as</ets> ace. See <er>Ace</er>.]</ety> <def>Double aces, the lowest throw of all at dice. Hence: Bad luck; anything of no account or value.</def>

<h1>Ambulacral</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am`bu*la"cral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to ambulacra; avenuelike; <as>as, the <ex>ambulacral</ex> ossicles, plates, spines, and suckers of echinoderms</as>.</def>

<h1>Ambulacriform</h1>
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<hw>Am`bu*la"cri*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ambulacrum</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the form of ambulacra.</def>

<h1>Ambulacrum</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am`bu*la"crum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ambulacra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., an alley or covered way.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the radical zones of echinoderms, along which run the principal nerves, blood vessels, and water tubes. These zones usually bear rows of locomotive suckers or tentacles, which protrude from regular pores. In star fishes they occupy the grooves along the under side of the rays.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the suckers on the feet of mites.</def>

<h1>Ambulance</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"bu*lance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ambulance</ets>, h\'93pital <ets>ambulant</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ambulare</ets> to walk. See <er>Amble</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A field hospital, so organized as to follow an army in its movements, and intended to succor the wounded as soon as possible. Often used adjectively; <as>as, an <ex>ambulance</ex> wagon; <ex>ambulance</ex> stretcher; <ex>ambulance</ex> corps.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An ambulance wagon or cart for conveying the wounded from the field, or to a hospital.</def>

<h1>Ambulant</h1>
<Xpage=47>

<hw>Am"bu*lant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambulans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>ambulare</ets> to walk: cf. F. <ets>ambulant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Walking; moving from place to place.</def>

<i>Gayton.</i>

<h1>Ambulate</h1>
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<hw>Am"bu*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambulare</ets> to walk. See <er>Amble</er>.]</ety> <def>To walk; to move about.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Ambulation</h1>
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<hw>Am`bu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambulatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of walking.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Ambulative</h1>
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<hw>Am"bu*la*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Walking.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ambulator</h1>
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<hw>Am"bu*la`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who walks about; a walker.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A beetle of the genus <spn>Lamia</spn>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of birds, or one of this genus.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An instrument for measuring distances; -- called also <altname>perambulator</altname>.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Ambulatorial</h1>
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<hw>Am`bu*la*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ambulatory; fitted for walking.</def>

<i>Verrill.</i>

<h1>Ambulatory</h1>
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<hw>Am"bu*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambulatorius</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to walking; having the faculty of walking; formed or fitted for walking; <as>as, an <ex>ambulatory</ex> animal</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Accustomed to move from place to place; not stationary; movable; <as>as, an <ex>ambulatory</ex> court, which exercises its jurisdiction in different places</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The priesthood . . . before was very <b>ambulatory</b>, and dispersed into all families.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pertaining to a walk.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The princess of whom his majesty had an <b>ambulatory</b> view in his travels.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Not yet fixed legally, or settled past alteration; alterable; <as>as, the dispositions of a will are <ex>ambulatory</ex> until the death of the testator</as>.</def>

<h1>Ambulatory</h1>
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<hw>Am"bu*la*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ambulatories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>ambulatorium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A place to walk in, whether in the open air, as the gallery of a cloister, or within a building.</def>

<h1>Amburry</h1>
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<hw>Am"bur*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Anbury</er>.</def>

<h1>Ambuscade</h1>
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<hw>Am`bus*cade"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>embuscade</ets>, fr. It. <ets>imboscata</ets>, or Sp. <ets>emboscada</ets>, fr. <ets>emboscar</ets> to ambush, fr. LL. <ets>imboscare</ets>. See <er>Ambush</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A lying in a wood, concealed, for the purpose of attacking an enemy by surprise. Hence: A lying in wait, and concealed in any situation, for a like purpose; a snare laid for an enemy; an ambush.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place in which troops lie hid, to attack an enemy unexpectedly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The body of troops lying in ambush.</def>

<h1>Ambuscade</h1>
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<hw>Am`bus*cade"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ambuscaded</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ambuscading</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To post or conceal in ambush; to ambush.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lie in wait for, or to attack from a covert or lurking place; to waylay.</def>

<h1>Ambuscade</h1>
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<hw>Am`bus*cade"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lie in ambush.</def>

<h1>Ambuscado</h1>
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<hw>Am`bus*ca"do</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ambuscade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ambuscadoed</h1>
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<hw>Am`bus*ca"doed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Posted in ambush; ambuscaded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ambush</h1>
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<hw>Am"bush</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>emb\'96che</ets>, fr. the verb. See <er>Ambush</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A disposition or arrangement of troops for attacking an enemy unexpectedly from a concealed station. Hence: Unseen peril; a device to entrap; a snare.</def>

<blockquote>Heaven, whose high walls fear no assault or siege
Or <b>ambush</b> from the deep.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A concealed station, where troops or enemies lie in wait to attack by surprise.</def>

<blockquote>Bold in close <b>ambush</b>, base in open field.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The troops posted in a concealed place, for attacking by surprise; liers in wait.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>ambush</b> arose quickly out of their place.
<i>Josh. viii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To lay an ambush</col>, <cd>to post a force in ambush.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ambush</h1>
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<hw>Am"bush</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ambushed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ambushing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>enbussen</ets>, <ets>enbushen</ets>, OF. <ets>embushier</ets>, <ets>embuissier</ets>, F. <ets>emb\'96cher</ets>, <ets>embusquer</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>imboscare</ets>; <ets>in</ets> + LL. <ets>boscus</ets>, <ets>buscus</ets>, a wood; akin to G. <ets>bush</ets>, E. <ets>bush</ets>. See <er>Ambuscade</er>, <er>Bu<?/h</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To station in ambush with a view to surprise an enemy.</def>

<blockquote>By <b>ambushed</b> men behind their temple <?/ai<?/,
We have the king of Mexico betrayed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To attack by ambush; to waylay.</def>

<h1>Ambush</h1>
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<hw>Am"bush</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lie in wait, for the purpose of attacking by surprise; to lurk.</def>

<blockquote>Nor saw the snake that <b>ambushed</b> for his prey.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ambusher</h1>
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<hw>Am"bush*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One lying in ambush.</def>

<h1>Ambushment</h1>
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<hw>Am"bush*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>embuschement</ets>. See <er>Ambush</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>An ambush.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>2 Chron. xiii. 13.</i>

<h1>Ambustion</h1>
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<hw>Am*bus"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ambustio</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A burn or scald.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Amebean</h1>
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<hw>Am`e*be"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Am<?/bean</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Ameer, Amir</h1>
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<hw>A*meer"</hw>, <hw>A*mir"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Emir</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Emir.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the Mohammedan nobility of Afghanistan and Scinde.</def>

<h1>Amel</h1>
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<hw>Am"el</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>amell</ets>, OF. <ets>esmail</ets>, F. <ets>\'82mail</ets>, of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>smelzi</ets>, G. <ets>schmelz</ets>. See <er>Smelt</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Enamel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Amel</h1>
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<hw>Am"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>amellen</ets>, OF. <ets>esmailler</ets>, F. <ets>\'82mailler</ets>, OF. <ets>esmail</ets>, F. <ets>\'82mail</ets>.]</ety> <def>To enamel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Enlightened all with stars,
And richly <b>ameled</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amelcorn</h1>
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<hw>Am"el*corn`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ger. <ets>amelkorn</ets>: cf. MHG. <ets>amel</ets>, <ets>amer</ets>, spelt, and L. <ets>amylum</ets> starch, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A variety of wheat from which starch is produced; -- called also <altname>French rice</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ameliorable</h1>
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<hw>A*mel"io*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being ameliorated.</def>

<h1>Ameliorate</h1>
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<hw>A*mel"io*rate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ameliorated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ameliorating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>ad + meliorare</ets> to make better: cf. F. <ets>am\'82liorer</ets>. See <er>Meliorate</er>.]</ety> <def>To make better; to improve; to meliorate.</def>

<blockquote>In every human being there is a wish to <b>ameliorate</b> his own condition.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ameliorate</h1>
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<hw>A*mel"io*rate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow better; to meliorate; <as>as, wine <ex>ameliorates</ex> by age</as>.</def>

<h1>Amelioration</h1>
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<hw>A*mel`io*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>am\'82lioration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of ameliorating, or the state of being ameliorated; making or becoming better; improvement; melioration.</def> "<i>Amelioration</i> of human affairs."

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Ameliorative</h1>
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<hw>A*mel"io*ra*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to ameliorate; producing amelioration or improvement; <as>as, <ex>ameliorative</ex> remedies, efforts</as>.</def>

<h1>Ameliorator</h1>
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<hw>A*mel"io*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who ameliorates.</def>

<h1>Amen</h1>
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<hw>A`men"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt>, & <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amen</ets>, Gr. <?/, Heb. <ets>\'bem<?/n</ets> certainly, truly.]</ety> <def>An expression used at the end of prayers, and meaning, <i>So be it</i>. At the end of a creed, it is a solemn asseveration of belief. When it introduces a declaration, it is equivalent to <i>truly</i>, <i>verily</i>. It is used as a noun, to demote: <sd>(a)</sd> concurrence in belief, or in a statement; assent; <sd>(b)</sd> the final word or act; <sd>(c)</sd> Christ as being one who is true and faithful.</def>

<blockquote>And let all the people say, <b>Amen</b>.
<i>Ps. cvi. 48.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Amen</b>, <b>amen</b>, I say to thee, except a man be born again, he can not see the kingdom of God.
<i>John ii. 3. Rhemish Trans.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To say amen to</col>, <cd>to approve warmly; to concur in heartily or emphatically; to ratify; as, I <i>say Amen to<i> all.</cd></cs>

<h1>Amen</h1>
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<hw>A`men"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To say Amen to; to sanction fully.</def>

<h1>Amenability</h1>
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<hw>A*me`na*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being amenable; amenableness.</def>

<i> Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Amenable</h1>
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<hw>A*me"na*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amener</ets> to lead; <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) = <ets>mener</ets> to lead, fr. L. <ets>minare</ets> to drive animals (properly by threatening cries), in LL. to lead; L. <ets>minari</ets>, to threaten, <ets>minae</ets> threats. See <er>Menace</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>Easy to be led; governable, as a woman by her husband.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jacob.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Liable to be brought to account or punishment; answerable; responsible; accountable; <as>as, <ex>amenable</ex> to law</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Nor is man too diminutive . . . to be <b>amenable</b> to the divine government.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Liable to punishment, a charge, a claim, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Willing to yield or submit; responsive; tractable.</def>

<blockquote>Sterling . . . always was <b>amenable</b> enough to counsel.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amenableness</h1>
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<hw>A*me"na*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being amenable; liability to answer charges; answerableness.</def>

<h1>Amenably</h1>
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<hw>A*me"na*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an amenable manner.</def>

<h1>Amenage</h1>
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<hw>Am"e*nage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>amesnagier</ets>. See <er>Manage</er>.]</ety> <def>To manage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Amenance</h1>
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<hw>Am"e*nance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. See <er>Amenable</er>.]</ety> <def>Behavior; bearing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Amend</h1>
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<hw>A*mend"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Amended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Amending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>amender</ets>, L. <ets>emendare</ets>; <ets>e</ets>(<ets>ex</ets>) + <ets>mendum</ets>, <ets>menda</ets>, fault, akin to Skr. <ets>minda</ets> personal defect. Cf. <er>Emend</er>, <er>Mend</er>.]</ety> <def>To change or modify in any way for the better</def>; as, <sd>(a)</sd> <def>by simply removing what is erroneous, corrupt, superfluous, faulty, and the like;</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>by supplying deficiencies;</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>by substituting something else in the place of what is removed; to rectify.</def>

<blockquote>Mar not the thing that can not be <b>amended</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An instant emergency, granting no possibility for revision, or opening for <b>amended</b> thought.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We shall cheer her sorrows, and <b>amend</b> her blood, by wedding her to a Norman.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To amend a bill</col>, <cd>to make some change in the details or provisions of a bill or measure while on its passage, professedly for its improvement.</cd></cs>

<-- p. 48  -->

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Amend</er>, <er>Emend</er>, <er>Correct</er>, <er>Reform</er>, <er>Rectify</er>.</syn>  <usage>These words agree in the idea of bringing things into a more perfect state. We <i>correct</i> (literally, make straight) when we conform things to some standard or rule; as, to <i>correct</i> proof sheets. We <i>amend</i> by removing blemishes, faults, or errors, and thus rendering a thing more a nearly perfect; as, to <i>amend</i> our ways, to <i>amend</i> a text, the draft of a bill, etc. <i>Emend</i> is only another form of <i>amend</i>, and is applied chiefly to editions of books, etc.  To <i>reform</i> is literally to form over again, or put into a new and better form; as, to <i>reform</i> one's life. To <i>rectify</i> is to make right; as, to <i>rectify</i> a mistake, to <i>rectify</i> abuses, inadvertencies, etc.<usage>

<h1>Amend</h1>
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<hw>A*mend"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow better by rectifying something wrong in manners or morals; to improve.</def> "My fortune . . . <i>amends</i>."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Amendable</h1>
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<hw>A*mend"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being amended; <as>as, an <ex>amendable</ex> writ or error</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*mend"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Amendatory</h1>
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<hw>A*mend"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Supplying amendment; corrective; emendatory.</def>

<i>Bancroft.</i>

<h1>Amende</h1>
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<hw>A`mende"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Amend</er>.]</ety> <def>A pecuniary punishment or fine; a reparation or recantation.</def>

<cs><col>Amende honorable</col><cd><tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Old French Law)</fld> A species of infamous punishment in which the offender, being led into court with a rope about his neck, and a lighted torch in his hand, begged pardon of his God, the court, etc. In popular language, the phrase now denotes a public apology or recantation, and reparation to an injured party, for improper language or treatment.</cd></cs>

<h1>Amender</h1>
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<hw>A*mend"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who amends.</def>

<h1>Amendful</h1>
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<hw>A*mend"ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Much improving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Amendment</h1>
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<hw>A*mend"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amendement</ets>, LL. <ets>amendamentum</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An alteration or change for the better; correction of a fault or of faults; reformation of life by quitting vices.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In public bodies; Any alternation made or proposed to be made in a bill or motion by adding, changing, substituting, or omitting.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Correction of an error in a writ or process.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Improvement; reformation; emendation.</syn>

<h1>Amends</h1>
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<hw>A*mends"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amendes</ets>, pl. of <ets>amende</ets>. Cf. <er>Amende</er>.]</ety> <def>Compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation.</def> <mark>[Now const. with sing. verb.]</mark>  "An honorable <i>amends</i>."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>Yet thus far fortune maketh us <b>amends</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amenity</h1>
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<hw>A*men"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Amenities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>am\'82nit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>amoenitas</ets>, fr. <ets>amoenus</ets> pleasant.]</ety> <def>The quality of being pleasant or agreeable, whether in respect to situation, climate, manners, or disposition; pleasantness; civility; suavity; gentleness.</def>

<blockquote>A sweetness and <b>amenity</b> of temper.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This climate has not seduced by its <b>amenities</b>.
<i>W. Howitt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amenorrh\'d2a</h1>
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<hw>A*men`or*rh\'d2"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ month + <?/ to flow: cf. F. <ets>am\'82norrh\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Retention or suppression of the menstrual discharge.</def>

<h1>Amenorrh\'d2al</h1>
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<hw>A*men`or*rh\'d2"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to amenorrh\'d2a.</def>

<h1>A mensa et thoro</h1>
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<hw>A men"sa et tho"ro</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., from board and bed.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A kind of divorce which does not dissolve the marriage bond, but merely authorizes a separate life of the husband and wife.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Ament</h1>
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<hw>Am"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amentum</ets> thong or strap.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of inflorescence; a catkin.</def>

<blockquote>The globular <b>ament</b> of a buttonwood.
<i>Coues.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amentaceous</h1>
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<hw>Am`en*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>amentaceus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Resembling, or consisting of, an ament or aments; <as>as, the chestnut has an <ex>amentaceous</ex> inflorescence</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Bearing aments; having flowers arranged in aments; <as>as, <ex>amentaceous</ex> plants</as>.</def>

<h1>Amentia</h1>
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<hw>A*men"ti*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Imbecility; total want of understanding.</def>

<h1>Amentiferous</h1>
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<hw>Am`en*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ament</ets>um + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing catkins.</def>

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Amentiform</h1>
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<hw>A*men"ti*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amen</ets>tum + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a catkin.</def>

<h1>Amentum</h1>
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<hw>A*men"tum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Amenta</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <def>Same as <er>Ament</er>.</def>

<h1>Amenuse</h1>
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<hw>Am"e*nuse</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>amenuisier</ets>. See <er>Minute</er>.]</ety> <def>To lessen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Amerce</h1>
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<hw>A*merce"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Amerced</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Amercing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>amercier</ets>, fr. <ets>a merci</ets> at the mercy of, liable to a punishment. See <er>Mercy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To punish by a pecuniary penalty, the amount of which is not fixed by law, but left to the discretion of the court; <as>as, the <ex>amerced</ex> the criminal in the sum on the hundred dollars</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The penalty of fine may be expressed without a preposition, or it may be introduced by <i>in</i>, <i>with</i>, or <i>of</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To punish, in general; to mulct.</def>

<blockquote>Millions of spirits for his fault <b>amerced</b>
Of Heaven.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Shall by him be <b>amerced</b> with penance due.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amerceable</h1>
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<hw>A*merce"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Liable to be amerced.</def>

<h1>Amercement</h1>
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<hw>A*merce"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>amerciment</ets>.]</ety> <def>The infliction of a penalty at the discretion of the court; also, a mulct or penalty thus imposed. It differs from a <i>fine</i>,in that the latter is, or was originally, a fixed and certain sum prescribed by statue for an offense; but an amercement is arbitrary. Hence, the act or practice of affeering. [See <er>Affeer</er>.]</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<note>&hand; This word, in old books, is written <i>amerciament</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Amercement royal</col>, <cd>a penalty imposed on an officer for a misdemeanor in his office.</cd></cs>

<i>Jacobs.</i>

<h1>Amercer</h1>
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<hw>A*mer"cer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who amerces.</def>

<h1>Amerciament</h1>
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<hw>A*mer"cia*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>amerciamentum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Amercement</er>.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>American</h1>
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<hw>A*mer"i*can</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Named from <ets>Americus</ets> Vespucius.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to America; <as>as, the <ex>American</ex> continent: <ex>American</ex> Indians</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the United States.</def> "A young officer of the <i>American</i> navy."

<i>Lyell.</i>

<cs><col>American ivy</col>. <cd>See <er>Virginia creeper</er>.</cd> -- <col>American Party</col> <fld>(U. S. Politics)</fld>, <cd>a party, about 1854, which opposed the influence of foreign-born citizens, and those supposed to owe allegiance to a foreign power.</cd> -- <col>Native american Party</col> <fld>(U. S. Politics)</fld>, <cd>a party of principles similar to those of the American party. It arose about 1843, but soon died out.</cd></cs>

<h1>American</h1>
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<hw>A*mer"i*can</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of America; -- originally applied to the aboriginal inhabitants, but now applied to the descendants of Europeans born in America, and especially to the citizens of the United States.</def>

<blockquote>The name <b>American</b> must always exalt the pride of patriotism.
<i>Washington.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Americanism</h1>
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<hw>A*mer"i*can*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Attachment to the United States.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A custom peculiar to the United States or to America; an American characteristic or idea.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A word or phrase peculiar to the United States.</def>

<h1>Americanization</h1>
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<hw>A*mer`i*can*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of Americanizing.</def>

<h1>Americanize</h1>
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<hw>A*mer"i*can*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Americanizer</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Americanizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To render American; to assimilate to the Americans in customs, ideas, etc.; to stamp with American characteristics.</def>

<h1>Ames-ace</h1>
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<hw>Ames"-ace</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ambs-ace</er>.</def>

<h1>Amess</h1>
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<hw>Am"ess</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Amice, a hood or cape. See 2d <er>Amice</er>.</def>

<h1>Ametabola</h1>
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<hw>Am`e*tab"o*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of insects which do not undergo any metamorphosis.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Ametabolia</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ametabolian</h1>
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<hw>A*met`a*bo"li*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unchangeable; <?/ priv. + <?/ changeable, <?/ to change.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to insects that do undergo any metamorphosis.</def>

<h1>Ametabolic, Ametabolous</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*met`a*bol"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am`e*tab"o*lous</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Not undergoing any metamorphosis; <as>as, <ex>ametabolic</ex> insects</as>.</def>

<h1>Amethodist</h1>
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<hw>A*meth"o*dist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>methodist</ets>.]</ety> <def>One without method; a quack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Amethyst</h1>
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<hw>Am"e*thyst</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <ety>[F. <ets>ametiste</ets>, <ets>amatiste</ets>, F. <ets>am\'82thyste</ets>, L. <ets>amethystus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ without drunkenness; as a noun, a remedy for drunkenness, the amethyst, supposed to have this power; <?/ priv. + <?/ to be drunken, <?/ strong drink, wine. See <er>Mead</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of crystallized quartz, of a purple or bluish violet color, of different shades. It is much used as a jeweler's stone.</def>

<cs><col>Oriental amethyst</col>, <cd>the violet-blue variety of transparent crystallized corundum or sapphire.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A purple color in a nobleman's escutcheon, or coat of arms.</def>

<h1>Amethystine</h1>
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<hw>Am`e*thys"tine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amethystinus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resembling amethyst, especially in color; bluish violet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Composed of, or containing, amethyst.</def>

<h1>Ametropia</h1>
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<hw>Am`e*tro"pi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ irregular + <?/, <?/, eye.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any abnormal condition of the refracting powers of the eye.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Am`e*trop"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Amharic</h1>
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<hw>Am*har"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Amhara, a division of Abyssinia; <as>as, the <ex>Amharic</ex> language is closely allied to the Ethiopic</as>.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The Amharic language (now the chief language of Abyssinia).</def></def2>

<h1>Amia</h1>
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<hw>Am"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of tunny.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fresh-water ganoid fishes, exclusively confined to North America; called <i>bowfin</i> in Lake Champlain, <i>dogfish</i> in Lake Erie, and <i>mudfish</i> in South Carolina, etc. See <er>Bowfin</er>.</def>

<h1>Amiability</h1>
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<hw>A`mi*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being amiable; amiableness; sweetness of disposition.</def>

<blockquote>Every excellency is a degree of <b>amiability</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amiable</h1>
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<hw>A"mi*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amiable</ets>, L. <ets>amicabilis</ets> friendly, fr. <ets>amicus</ets> friend, fr. <ets>amare</ets> to love. The meaning has been influenced by F. <ets>aimable</ets>, L. <ets>amabilis</ets> lovable, fr. <ets>amare</ets> to love. Cf. <er>Amicable</er>, <er>Amorous</er>, <er>Amability</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lovable; lovely; pleasing.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<blockquote>So <b>amiable</b> a prospect.
<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Friendly; kindly; sweet; gracious; <as>as, an <ex>amiable</ex> temper or mood; <ex>amiable</ex> ideas.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Possessing sweetness of disposition; having sweetness of temper, kind-heartedness, etc., which causes one to be liked; <as>as, an <ex>amiable</ex> woman</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Done out of love.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lay an <b>amiable</b> siege to the honesty of this Ford's wife.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amiableness</h1>
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<hw>A`mi*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being amiable; amiability.</def>

<h1>Amiably</h1>
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<hw>A"mi*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an amiable manner.</def>

<h1>Amianth</h1>
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<hw>Am"i*anth</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Amianthus</er>.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<h1>Amianthiform</h1>
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<hw>Am`i*an"thi*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Amianth</ets>us + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling amianthus in form.</def>

<h1>Amianthoid</h1>
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<hw>Am`i*an"thoid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Amianth</ets>us + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amianto\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling amianthus.</def>

<h1>Amianthus</h1>
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<hw>Am`i*an"thus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amiantus</ets>, Gr. <?/ <?/ (lit., unsoiled stone) a greenish stone, like asbestus; <?/ priv. + <?/ to stain, to defile; so called from its incombustibility.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Earth flax, or mountain flax; a soft silky variety of asbestus.</def>

<h1>Amic</h1>
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<hw>Am"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>am</ets>monia + <ets>-ic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Related to, or derived, ammonia; -- used chiefly as a suffix; <as>as, <ex>amic</ex> acid; phosph<ex>amic</ex> acid.</as></def>

<cs><col>Amic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>one of a class of nitrogenized acids somewhat resembling amides.</cd></cs>

<h1>Amicability</h1>
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<hw>Am`i*ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being amicable; friendliness; amicableness.</def>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Amicable</h1>
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<hw>Am"i*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amicabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>amicus</ets> friend, fr. <ets>amare</ets> to love. See <er>Amiable</er>.]</ety> <def>Friendly; proceeding from, or exhibiting, friendliness; after the manner of friends; peaceable; <as>as, an <ex>amicable</ex> disposition, or arrangement</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That which was most remarkable in this contest was . . . the <b>amicable</b> manner in which it was managed.
<i>Prideoux.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Amicable action</col> <fld>(Law.)</fld>, <cd>an action commenced and prosecuted by amicable consent of the parties, for the purpose of obtaining a decision of the court on some matter of law involved in it.</cd> <i>Bouvier</i>.  <i>Burrill</i>. -- <col>Amicable numbers</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>two numbers, each of which is equal to the sum of all the aliquot parts of the other.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Friendly; peaceable; kind; harmonious.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Amicable</er>, <er>Friendly</er>. Neither of these words denotes any great warmth of affection, since <i>friendly</i> has by no means the same strength as its noun <i>friendship</i>. It does, however, imply something of real cordiality; while <i>amicable</i> supposes very little more than that the parties referred to are not disposed to quarrel. Hence, we speak of <i>amicable</i> relations between two countries, an <i>amicable</i> adjustment of difficulties. "Those who entertain <i>friendly</i> feelings toward each other can live <i>amicably</i> together."</usage>

<h1>Amicableness</h1>
<Xpage=48>

<hw>Am"i*ca*ble*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being amicable; amicability.</def>

<h1>Amicably</h1>
<Xpage=48>

<hw>Am"i*ca*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an amicable manner.</def>

<h1>Amice</h1>
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<hw>Am"ice</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>amyse</ets>, prob. for <ets>amyt</ets>, OF. <ets>amit</ets>, <ets>ameit</ets>, fr. L. <ets>amictus</ets> cloak, the word being confused with <ets>amice</ets>, <ets>almuce</ets>, a hood or cape. See next word.]</ety> <def>A square of white linen worn at first on the head, but now about the neck and shoulders, by priests of the Roman Catholic Church while saying Mass.</def>

<h1>Amice</h1>
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<hw>Am"ice</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>amuce</ets>, <ets>amisse</ets>, OF. <ets>almuce</ets>, <ets>aumuce</ets>, F. <ets>aumusse</ets>, LL. <ets>almucium</ets>, <ets>almucia</ets>, <ets>aumucia</ets>: of unknown origin; cf. G. <ets>m\'81tze</ets> cap, prob. of the same origin. Cf. <er>Mozetta</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A hood, or cape with a hood, made of lined with gray fur, formerly worn by the clergy; -- written also <i>amess</i>, <i>amyss</i>, and <i>almuce</i>.</def>

<h1>Amid</h1>
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<hw>A*mid"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>See <er>Amidst</er>.</def>

<h1>Amide</h1>
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<hw>Am"ide</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Am</ets>monia + <ets>-ide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound formed by the union of amidogen with an acid element or radical. It may also be regarded as ammonia in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an acid atom or radical.</def>

<cs><col>Acid amide</col>, <cd>a neutral compound formed by the substitution of the amido group for hydroxyl in an acid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Amidin</h1>
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<hw>Am"i*din</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>amidine</ets>, fr. <ets>amido<?/</ets> starch, fr. L. <ets>amylum</ets>, Gr. <?/ fine meal, neut. of <?/ not ground at the mill, -- hence, of the finest meal; <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, mill. See <er>Meal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Start modified by heat so as to become a transparent mass, like horn. It is soluble in cold water.</def>

<h1>Amido</h1>
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<hw>A*mi"do</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Amide</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Containing, or derived from, amidogen.</def>

<cs><col>Amido acid</col>, <cd>an acid in which a portion of the nonacid hydrogen has been replaced by the amido group. The amido acids are both basic and acid.</cd> -- <col>Amido group</col>, <cd>amidogen, <chform>NH2</chform>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Amidogen</h1>
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<hw>A*mid"o*gen</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Amide</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound radical, <chform>NH2</chform>, not yet obtained in a separate state, which may be regarded as ammonia from the molecule of which one of its hydrogen atoms has been removed; -- called also the <altname>amido group</altname>, and in composition represented by the form <i>amido</i>.</def>

<h1>Amidships</h1>
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<hw>A*mid"ships</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>In the middle of a ship, with regard to her length, and sometimes also her breadth.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Amidst, Amid</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*midst"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*mid"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>amidde</ets>, <ets>amiddes</ets>, <ets>on midden</ets>, AS. <ets>on middan</ets>, in the middle, fr. <ets>midde</ets> the middle. The <ets>s</ets> is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the <ets>t</ets> is a later addition, as in <ets>whilst</ets>, <ets>amongst</ets>, <ets>alongst</ets>. See <er>Mid</er>.]</ety> <def>In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among.</def>   "This fair tree <i>amidst</i> the garden." "Unseen <i>amid</i> the throng."  "<i>Amidst</i> thick clouds." <i>Milton</i>. "<i>Amidst</i> acclamations." "<i>Amidst</i> the splendor and festivity of a court." <i>Macaulay</i>.

<blockquote>But rather famish them <b>amid</b> their plenty.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Amidst</er>, <er>Among</er>.</syn> <usage> These words differ to some extent from each other, as will be seen from their etymology. <i>Amidst</i> denotes in the <i>midst</i> or middle of, and hence surrounded by; as, this work was written <i>amidst</i> many interruptions. <i>Among</i> denotes a mingling or intermixing with distinct or separable objects; as, "He fell <i>among</i> thieves." "Blessed art thou <i>among</i> women." Hence, we say, <i>among</i> the moderns, <i>among</i> the ancients, <i>among</i> the thickest of trees, <i>among</i> these considerations, <i>among</i> the reasons I have to offer. <i>Amid</i> and <i>amidst</i> are commonly used when the idea of separate or distinguishable objects is not prominent. Hence, we say, they kept on <i>amidst</i> the storm, <i>amidst</i> the gloom, he was sinking <i>amidst</i> the waves, he persevered <i>amidst</i> many difficulties; in none of which cases could <i>among</i> be used. In like manner, Milton speaks of Abdiel, --

<blockquote>The seraph Abdiel, faithful found;
<b>Among</b> the faithless faithful only he,

because he was then considered as one of the angels. But when the poet adds, --

<blockquote>From <b>amidst</b> them forth he passed,

we have rather the idea of the angels as a collective body.

<blockquote>Those squalid cabins and uncleared woods <b>amidst</b> which he was born.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>
</usage>

<h1>Amine</h1>
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<hw>Am"ine</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Am</ets>monia + <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a class of strongly basic substances derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by a basic atom or radical.</def>

<h1>Amioid</h1>
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<hw>Am"i*oid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the Amioidei.</def>  -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Amioidei.</def></wordforms>

<h1>Amioidei</h1>
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<hw>Am`i*oi"de*i</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>Amia + -oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of ganoid fishes of which Amis is type. See <er>Bowfin</er> and <er>Ganoidei</er>.</def>

<h1>Amir</h1>
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<hw>A*mir"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ameer</er>.</def>

<h1>Amiss</h1>
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<hw>A*miss"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>miss</ets>.]</ety> <def>Astray; faultily; improperly; wrongly; ill.</def>

<blockquote>What error drives our eyes and ears <b>amiss</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ye ask and receive not, because ye ask <b>amiss</b>.
<i>James iv. 3.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To take</col> (an act, thing) <col>amiss</col></mcol>, <cd>to impute a wrong motive to (an act or thing); to take offense at' to take unkindly; <as>as, you must not <ex>take<ex> these questions <ex>amiss<ex></as>.</cd></cs>

<-- p. 49  -->

<h1>Amiss</h1>
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<hw>A*miss"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wrong; faulty; out of order; improper; <as>as, it may not be <ex>amiss</ex> to ask advice</as>. <note>[Used only in the predicate.]</note></def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>His wisdom and virtue can not always rectify that which is <b>amiss</b> in himself or his circumstances.
<i>Wollaston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amiss</h1>
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<hw>A*miss"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fault, wrong, or mistake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Each toy seems prologue to some great <b>amiss</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amissibility</h1>
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<hw>A*mis`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>amissibilit\'82</ets>. See <er>Amit</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being amissible; possibility of being lost.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Notions of popular rights and the <b>amissibility</b> of sovereign power for misconduct were alternately broached by the two great religious parties of Europe.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amissible</h1>
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<hw>A*mis"si*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amissibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amissible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Liable to be lost.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Amission</h1>
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<hw>A*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amissio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amission</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deprivation; loss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Amit</h1>
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<hw>A*mit"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amittere</ets>, <ets>amissum</ets>, to lose; <ets>a</ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>mittere</ets> to send. See <er>Missile</er>.]</ety> <def>To lose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A lodestone fired doth presently <b>amit</b> its proper virtue.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amity</h1>
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<hw>Am"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Amities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>amiti\'82</ets>, OF. <ets>amisti\'82</ets>, <ets>amist\'82</ets>, fr. an assumed LL. <ets>amisitas</ets>, fr. L. <ets>amicus</ets> friendly, from <ets>amare</ets> to love. See <er>Amiable</er>.]</ety> <def>Friendship, in a general sense, between individuals, societies, or nations; friendly relations; good understanding; <as>as, a treaty of <ex>amity</ex> and commerce; the <ex>amity</ex> of the Whigs and Tories.</as></def>

<blockquote>To live on terms of <b>amity</b> with vice.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Harmony; friendliness; friendship; affection; good will; peace.</syn>

<h1>Amma</h1>
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<hw>Am"ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>amma</ets>, prob. of interjectional or imitative origin: cf. Sp. <ets>ama</ets>, G. <ets>amme</ets>, nurse, Basque <ets>ama</ets> mother, Heb. <ets><?/m</ets>, Ar. <ets>immun</ets>, <ets>ummun</ets>.]</ety> <def>An abbes or spiritual mother.</def>

<h1>Ammeter</h1>
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<hw>Am"me*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A contraction of <i>amperometer</i> or <i>amp\'8aremeter</i>.</def>

<h1>Ammiral</h1>
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<hw>Am"mi*ral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An obsolete form of <i>admiral</i>.</def> "The mast of some great <i>ammiral</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Ammite</h1>
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<hw>Am"mite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, sandstone, fr. <?/ or <?/ sand.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>O\'94lite or roestone; -- written also <i>hammite</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ammodyte</h1>
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<hw>Am"mo*dyte</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ammodytes</ets>, Gr. <?/ sand burrower, a kind of serpent; <?/ sand + <?/ diver, <?/ to dive.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of a genus of fishes; the sand eel.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A kind of viper in southern Europe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ammonia</h1>
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<hw>Am*mo"ni*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From sal <ets>ammoniac</ets>, which was first obtaining near the temple of Jupiter <ets>Ammon</ets>, by burning camel's dung. See <er>Ammoniac</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A gaseous compound of hydrogen and nitrogen, <chform>NH3</chform>, with a pungent smell and taste: -- often called <altname>volatile alkali</altname>, and <altname>spirits of hartshorn</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ammoniac, Ammoniacal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am*mo"ni*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am`mo*ni"a*cal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ammonia, or possessing its properties; <as>as, an <ex>ammoniac</ex> salt; <ex>ammoniacal</ex> gas.</as></def>

<cs><col>Ammoniacal engine</col>, <cd>an engine in which the vapor of ammonia is used as the motive force.</cd> -- <col>Sal ammoniac</col> <ety>[L. <ets>sal ammoniacus<ets>]</ety>, <cd>the salt usually called <altname>chloride of ammonium</altname>, and formerly <altname>muriate of ammonia</altname>.</cd></cs>

<mhw><h1>Ammoniac  [or] Gum ammoniac</h1>
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<hw>Am*mo"ni*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> ([or] <hw>Gum` am*mo"ni*ac</hw> </mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Ammoniacum</ets>, Gr. <?/ a resinous gum, said to distill from a tree near the temple of Jupiter <ets>Ammon</ets>; cf. F. <ets>ammoniac</ets>. See <er>Ammonite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The concrete juice (gum resin) of an umbelliferous plant, the <spn>Dorema ammoniacum</spn>. It is brought chiefly from Persia in the form of yellowish tears, which occur singly, or are aggregated into masses. It has a peculiar smell, and a nauseous, sweet taste, followed by a bitter one. It is inflammable, partially soluble in water and in spirit of wine, and is used in medicine as an expectorant and resolvent, and for the formation of certain plasters.</def>

<h1>Ammoniated</h1>
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<hw>Am*mo"ni*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined or impregnated with ammonia.</def>

<h1>Ammonic</h1>
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<hw>Am*mo"nic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ammonia.</def>

<h1>Ammonite</h1>
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<hw>Am"mon*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. cornu <ets>Ammonis</ets> born of Ammon; L. <ets>Ammon</ets>, Gr. <?/ an appellation of Jupiter, as represented with the horns of a ram. It was originally the name of an. Egyptian god, <ets>Amun</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil cephalopod shell related to the nautilus. There are many genera and species, and all are extinct, the typical forms having existed only in the Mesozoic age, when they were exceedingly numerous. They differ from the nautili in having the margins of the septa very much lobed or plaited, and the siphuncle dorsal. Also called <altname>serpent stone</altname>, <altname>snake stone</altname>, and <altname>cornu Ammonis</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ammonitiferous</h1>
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<hw>Am`mon*i*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ammonite</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing fossil ammonites.</def>

<h1>Ammonitoidea</h1>
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<hw>Am*mon`i*toid"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>Ammonite + -oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive group of fossil cephalopods often very abundant in Mesozoic rocks. See <er>Ammonite</er>.</def>

<h1>Ammonium</h1>
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<hw>Am*mo"ni*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ammonia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound radical, <chform>NH4</chform>, having the chemical relations of a strongly basic element like the alkali metals.</def>
<-- positive ion -->

<h1>Ammunition</h1>
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<hw>Am`mu*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amunition</ets>, for <ets>munition</ets>, prob. caused by taking <ets>la munition</ets> as <ets>l'amunition</ets>. See <er>Munition</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Military stores, or provisions of all kinds for attack or defense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Articles used in charging firearms and ordnance of all kinds; as powder, balls, shot, shells, percussion caps, rockets, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any stock of missiles, literal or figurative.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Ammunition bread</col>, <col>shoes</col></mcol>, <cd>etc., such as are contracted for by government, and supplied to the soldiers. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Ammunition</h1>
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<hw>Am`mu*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ammunitioned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ammunitioning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To provide with ammunition.</def>

<h1>Amnesia</h1>
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<hw>Am*ne"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to remember.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Forgetfulness; also, a defect of speech, from cerebral disease, in which the patient substitutes wrong words or names in the place of those he wishes to employ.</def>

<i>Quian.</i>

<h1>Amnesic</h1>
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<hw>Am*ne"sic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to amnesia.</def> "<i>Amnesic</i> or co\'94rdinate defects."

<i>Quian.</i>

<h1>Amnestic</h1>
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<hw>Am*nes"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing loss of memory.</def>

<h1>Amnesty</h1>
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<hw>Am"nes*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amnestia</ets>, Gr. <?/, a forgetting, fr. <?/ forgotten, forgetful; <?/ priv. + <?/ to remember: cf. F. <ets>amnistie</ets>, earlier <ets>amnestie</ets>. See <er>Mean</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Forgetfulness; cessation of remembrance of wrong; oblivion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An act of the sovereign power granting oblivion, or a general pardon, for a past offense, as to subjects concerned in an insurrection.</def>

<h1>Amnesty</h1>
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<hw>Am"nes*ty</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. p. p.</tt> <er>Amnestied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Amnestying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To grant amnesty to.</def>

<h1>Amnicolist</h1>
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<hw>Am*nic"o*list</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amnicola</ets>, <ets>amnis</ets> a river + <ets>colere</ets> to dwell.]</ety> <def>One who lives near a river.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Amnigenous</h1>
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<hw>Am*nig"e*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amnigena</ets>; <ets>amnis</ets> a river + root <ets>gen</ets> of <ets>gignere</ets> to beget.]</ety> <def>Born or bred in, of, or near a river.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Amnion</h1>
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<hw>Am"ni*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the membrane round the fetus, dim. of <?/ lamb.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A thin membrane surrounding the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles.</def>

<h1>Amnios</h1>
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<hw>Am"ni*os</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Amnion</er>.</def>

<h1>Amniota</h1>
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<hw>Am`ni*o"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Amnion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That group of vertebrates which develops in its embryonic life the envelope called the <i>amnion</i>. It comprises the reptiles, the birds, and the mammals.</def>

<h1>Amniotic</h1>
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<hw>Am`ni*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>amniotique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the amnion; characterized by an amnion; <as>as, the <ex>amniotic</ex> fluid; the <ex>amniotic</ex> sac.</as></def>

<cs><col>Amniotic acid</col>. <cd><fld>(Chem.)</fld> <mark>[R.]</mark> See <er>Allantoin</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Am\'d2ba</h1>
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<hw>A*m\'d2"ba</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Am\'d2b\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>; E. <plw>Am\'d2bas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ change.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rhizopod. common in fresh water, capable of undergoing many changes of form at will. See <er>Rhizopoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Am\'d2b\'91um</h1>
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<hw>Am`\'d2*b\'91"um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>am\'d2baeus</ets>, Gr. <?/, alternate; L. <ets>amoebaeum</ets> carmen, Gr. <?/ <?/, a responsive song, fr. <?/ change.]</ety> <def>A poem in which persons are represented at speaking alternately; as the third and seventh eclogues of Virgil.</def>

<h1>Am\'d2bea</h1>
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<hw>Am`\'d2*be"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That division of the Rhizopoda which includes the am\'d2ba and similar forms.</def>

<h1>Am\'d2bean</h1>
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<hw>Am`\'d2*be"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Alternately answering.</def>

<h1>Am\'d2bian</h1>
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<hw>A*m\'d2"bi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Am\'d2bea.</def>

<h1>Am\'d2biform, Am\'d2boid</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*m\'d2"bi*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*m\'d2"boid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Am\'d2ba</ets> + <ets>-form</ets> or <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Resembling an am\'d2ba; am\'d2ba-shaped; changing in shape like an am\'d2ba.</def>

<cs><col>Am\'d2boid movement</col>, <cd>movement produced, as in the am\'d2ba, by successive processes of prolongation and retraction.</cd></cs>

<h1>Am\'d2bous</h1>
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<hw>A*m\'d2"bous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like an am\'d2ba in structure.</def>

<h1>Amolition</h1>
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<hw>Am`o*li"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amolitio</ets>, fr. <ets>amoliri</ets> to remove; <ets>a</ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>moliri</ets> to put in motion.]</ety> <def>Removal; a putting away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Ward (1673).</i>

<h1>Amomum</h1>
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<hw>A*mo"mum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ an Indian spice plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of aromatic plants. It includes species which bear cardamoms, and grains of paradise.</def>

<h1>Amoneste</h1>
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<hw>A*mon"este</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To admonish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Among, Amongst</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*mong"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*mongst"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>amongist</ets>, <ets>amonges</ets>, <ets>amonge</ets>, <ets>among</ets>, AS. <ets>onmang</ets>, <ets>ongemang</ets>, <ets>gemang</ets>, in a crowd or mixture. For the ending <ets>-st</ets> see <er>Amidst</er>. See <er>Mingle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mixed or mingled; surrounded by.</def>

<blockquote>They heard,
And from his presence hid themselves <b>among</b>
The thickest trees.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conjoined, or associated with, or making part of the number of; in the number or class of.</def>

<blockquote>Blessed art thou <b>among</b> women.
<i>Luke i. 28.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Expressing a relation of dispersion, distribution, etc.; also, a relation of reciprocal action.</def>

<blockquote>What news <b>among</b> the merchants?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Human sacrifices were practiced <b>among</b> them.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Divide that gold <b>amongst</b> you.
<i>Marlowe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whether they quarreled <b>among</b> themselves, or with their neighbors.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Amidst; between. See <er>Amidst</er>, <er>Between</er>.</syn>

<h1>Amontillado</h1>
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<hw>A*mon`til*la"do</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A dry kind of cherry, of a light color.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Amoret</h1>
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<hw>Am"o*ret</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>amorette</ets>, F. <ets>amourette</ets>, dim. of amour.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An amorous girl or woman; a wanton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Warton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A love knot, love token, or love song. <plu>(pl.)</plu> Love glances or love tricks.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A petty love affair or amour.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Amorette</h1>
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<hw>Am"o*rette"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An amoret.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Amorist</h1>
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<hw>Am"o*rist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>armor</ets> love. See <er>Amorous</er>.]</ety> <def>A lover; a gallant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>It was the custom for an <b>amorist</b> to impress the name of his mistress in the dust, or upon the damp earth, with letters fixed upon his shoe.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>A-mornings</h1>
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<hw>A-morn"ings</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Amorwe</er>. The -<ets>s</ets> is a genitival ending. See <er>-wards</er>.]</ety> <def>In the morning; every morning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And have such pleasant walks into the woods
<b>A</b>-<b>mornings</b>.
<i>J. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amorosa</h1>
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<hw>Am`o*ro"sa</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>amoroso</ets>, fem. <ets>amorosa</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wanton woman; a courtesan.</def>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Amorosity</h1>
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<hw>Am`o*ros"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being amorous; lovingness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Galt.</i>

<h1>Amoroso</h1>
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<hw>Am`o*ro"so</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>amoroso</ets>, LL. <ets>amorosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lover; a man enamored.</def>

<h1>Amoroso</h1>
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<hw>Am`o*ro"so</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In a soft, tender, amatory style.</def>

<h1>Amorous</h1>
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<hw>Am"o*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>amoros</ets>, F. <ets>amoreux</ets>, LL. <ets>amorosus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>amor</ets> love, fr. <ets>amare</ets> to love.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclined to love; having a propensity to love, or to sexual enjoyment; loving; fond; affectionate; <as>as, an <ex>amorous</ex> disposition</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affected with love; in love; enamored; -- usually with <i>of</i>; formerly with <i>on</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Thy roses <b>amorous</b> of the moon.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>High nature <b>amorous</b> of the good.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sure my brother is <b>amorous</b> on Hero.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or relating to, or produced by, love.</def>   "<i>Amorous</i> delight." <i>Milton</i>. "<i>Amorous</i> airs." <i>Waller</i>.

<syn>Syn. -- Loving; fond; tender; passionate; affectionate; devoted; ardent.</syn>

<h1>Amorously</h1>
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<hw>Am"o*rous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an amorous manner; fondly.</def>

<h1>Amorousness</h1>
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<hw>Am"o*rous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being amorous, or inclined to sexual love; lovingness.</def>

<h1>Amorpha</h1>
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<hw>A*mor"pha</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Amorphas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ shapeless.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of leguminous shrubs, having long clusters of purple flowers; false or bastard indigo.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Amorphism</h1>
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<hw>A*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Amorphous</er>.]</ety> <def>A state of being amorphous; esp. a state of being without crystallization even in the minutest particles, as in glass, opal, etc.</def> <note>There are stony substances which, when fused, may cool as glass or as stone; the glass state is spoken of as a state of <i>amorphism</i>.</note>

<h1>Amorphous</h1>
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<hw>A*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ form.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having no determinate form; of irregular; shapeless.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without crystallization in the ultimate texture of a solid substance; uncrystallized.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of no particular kind or character; anomalous.</def>

<blockquote>Scientific treatises . . . are not seldom rude and <b>amorphous</b> in style.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>A*mor"phous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>A*mor"phous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Amorphozoa</h1>
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<hw>A*mor`pho*zo"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ shapeless; <?/ priv. + <?/ form + <?/ animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Animals without a mouth or regular internal organs, as the sponges.</def>

<h1>Amorphozoic</h1>
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<hw>A*mor`pho*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Amorphozoa.</def>

<h1>Amorphy</h1>
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<hw>A*mor"phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>amorphie</ets>. See <er>Amorphous</er>.]</ety> <def>Shapelessness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Amort</h1>
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<hw>A*mort"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + F. <ets>mort</ets> death, dead; <ets>all amort</ets> is for <ets>alamort</ets>.]</ety> <def>As if dead; lifeless; spiritless; dejected; depressed.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<mhw><h1>Amortise, v., Amortisation, n., Amortisable, a., Amortisement</h1>
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<hw>A*mor"tise</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt>, <hw>A*mor`ti*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>A*mor"tis*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>A*mor"tise*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></mhw> <def>Same as <er>Amortize</er>, <er>Amortization</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Amortizable</h1>
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<hw>A*mor"tiz*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>amortissable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being cleared off, as a debt.</def>

<h1>Amortization</h1>
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<hw>A*mor`ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>amortisatio</ets>, <ets>admortizatio</ets>. See <er>Amortize</er>, and cf. <er>Admortization</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act or right of alienating lands to a corporation, which was considered formerly as transferring them to <i>dead hands</i>, or in mortmain.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The extinction of a debt, usually by means of a sinking fund; also, the money thus paid.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Amortize</h1>
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<hw>A*mor"tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>amortisen</ets>, LL. <ets>amortisare</ets>, <ets>admortizare</ets>, F. <ets>amortir</ets> to sell in mortmain, to extinguish; L. <ets>ad + mors</ets> death. See <er>Mortmain</er>]</ety>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make as if dead; to destroy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To alienate in mortmain, that is, to convey to a corporation. See <er>Mortmain</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To clear off or extinguish, as a debt, usually by means of a sinking fund.</def>

<h1>Amortizement</h1>
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<hw>A*mor"tize*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amortissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Amortization</er>.</def>

<h1>Amorwe</h1>
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<hw>A*mor"we</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> on + OE. <ets>morwe</ets>. See <er>Morrow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the morning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>On the following morning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Amotion</h1>
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<hw>A*mo"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amotio</ets>. See <er>Amove</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Removal; ousting; especially, the removal of a corporate officer from his office.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deprivation of possession.</def>

<h1>Amotus</h1>
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<hw>A*mo"tus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L., withdrawn (from it<?/place).]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Elevated, -- as a toe, when raised so high that the tip does not touch the ground.</def>

<h1>Amount</h1>
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<hw>A*mount"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Amounted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Amounting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>amonter</ets> to increase, advance, ascend, fr. <ets>amont</ets> (equiv. to L. <ets>ad montem</ets> to the mountain) upward, F. <ets>amont</ets> up the river. See <er>Mount</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go up; to ascend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So up he rose, and thence <b>amounted</b> straight.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rise or reach by an accumulation of particular sums or quantities; to come (<i>to</i>) in the aggregate or whole; -- with <i>to</i> or <i>unto</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To rise, reach, or extend in effect, substance, or influence; to be equivalent; to come practically (<i>to</i>); <as>as, the testimony <ex>amounts</ex> to very little</as>.</def>

<h1>Amount</h1>
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<hw>A*mount"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To signify; to amount to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Amount</h1>
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<hw>A*mount"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The sum total of two or more sums or quantities; the aggregate; the whole quantity; a totality; <as>as, the <ex>amount</ex> of 7 and 9 is 16; the <ex>amount</ex> of a bill; the <ex>amount</ex> of this year's revenue.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The effect, substance, value, significance, or result; the sum; <as>as, the <ex>amount</ex> of the testimony is this</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The whole <b>amount</b> of that enormous fame.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amour</h1>
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<hw>A*mour"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>amor</ets> love.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Love; affection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Love making; a love affair; usually, an unlawful connection in love; a love intrigue; an illicit love affair.</def>

<cs><col>In amours with</col>, <cd>in love with. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="50">
Page 50<p>

<h1>Amour propre</h1>
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<hw>A"mour` pro"pre</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Self-love; self-esteem.</def>

<h1>Amovability</h1>
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<hw>A*mov`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Liability to be removed or dismissed from office.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>T. Jefferson.</i>

<h1>Amovable</h1>
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<hw>A*mov"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>amovible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Removable.</def>

<h1>Amove</h1>
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<hw>A*move"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amovere</ets>; <ets>a-<ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>movere</ets> to move: cf. OF. <ets>amover</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To remove, as a person or thing, from a position.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Dr. H. More</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To dismiss from an office or station.</def>

<h1>Amove</h1>
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<hw>A*move"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>amovir</ets>, L. <ets>admovere</ets> to move to, to excite; <ets>ad + movere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To move or be moved; to excite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Ampelite</h1>
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<hw>Am"pe*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ampelitis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ vine.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An earth abounding in pyrites, used by the ancients to kill insects, etc., on vines; -- applied by Brongniart to a carbonaceous alum schist.</def>

<h1>Amp\'8are, Ampere</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am`p\'8are"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am*pere"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the name of a French electrician.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The unit of electric current; -- defined by the International Electrical Congress in 1893 and by U. S. Statute as, one tenth of the unit of current of the C. G. S. system of electro-magnetic units, or the practical equivalent of the unvarying current which, when passed through a standard solution of nitrate of silver in water, deposits silver at the rate of 0.001118 grams per second. Called also the <altname>international amp\'8are</altname>.</def>

<h1>Amp\'8aremeter, Amperometer</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am`p\'8are"me`ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am`pe*rom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Amp\'8are</ets> + <ets>meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the strength of an electrical current in amp\'8ares.</def>

<h1>Ampersand</h1>
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<hw>Am"per*sand</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>and</ets>, per se <ets>and</ets>, i. e., & by itself makes <ets>and</ets>.]</ety> <def>A word used to describe the character <?/, <?/, or &.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Amphi-</h1>
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<hw>Am*phi-</hw>. <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A prefix in words of Greek origin, signifying <i>both</i>, <i>of both kinds</i>, <i>on both sides</i>, <i>about</i>, <i>around</i>.</def>

<h1>Amphiarthrodial</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*ar*thro"di*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>amphi-</ets> + <ets>arthrodial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by amphiarthrosis.</def>

<h1>Amphiarthrosis</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*ar*thro"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ a joining, <?/ a joint.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A form of articulation in which the bones are connected by intervening substance admitting slight motion; symphysis.</def>

<h1>Amphiaster</h1>
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<hw>Am"phi*as`ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ a star.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The achromatic figure, formed in mitotic cell-division, consisting of two asters connected by a spindle-shaped bundle of rodlike fibers diverging from each aster, and called the <i>spindle</i>.</def>

<h1>Amphibia</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Amphibium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the classes of vertebrates.</def>

<note>&hand; The Amphibia are distinguished by having usually no scales, by having eggs and embryos similar to those of fishes, and by undergoing a complete metamorphosis, the young having gills. There are three living orders: (1) The tailless, as the frogs <spn>(Anura)</spn>; (2) The tailed <spn>(Urodela)</spn>, as the salamanders, and the siren group <spn>(Sirenoidea)</spn>, which retain the gills of the young state (hence called <i>Perennibranchiata</i>) through the adult state, among which are the siren, proteus, etc.; (3) The C\'d2cilians, or serpentlike Amphibia <spn>(Ophiomorpha or Gymnophiona)</spn>, with minute scales and without limbs. The extinct Labyrinthodonts also belonged to this class. The term is sometimes loosely applied to both reptiles and amphibians collectively.</note>

<h1>Amphibial</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib"i*al</hw> <tt>(-al)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Amphibian.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Amphibian</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib"i*an</hw> <tt>(-an)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Amphibia; <as>as, <ex>amphibian</ex> reptiles</as>.</def>

<h1>Amphibian</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib"i*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Amphibia.</def>

<h1>Amphibiological</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib`i*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to amphibiology.</def>

<h1>Amphibiology</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib`i*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ amphibious + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amphibiologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on amphibious animals; the department of natural history which treats of the Amphibia.</def>

<h1>Amphibiotica</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib`i*ot"i*ca</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ pertaining to life.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of insects having aquatic larv\'91.</def>

<h1>Amphibious</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib"i*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ living a double life, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., both on land in water; <?/ + <?/ life.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the ability to live both on land and in water, as frogs, crocodiles, beavers, and some plants.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, adapted for, or connected with, both land and water.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>amphibious</b> character of the Greeks was already determined: they were to be lords of land and sea.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of a mixed nature; partaking of two natures.</def>

<blockquote>Not in free and common socage, but in this <b>amphibious</b> subordinate class of villein socage.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amphibiously</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib"i*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Like an amphibious being.</def>

<h1>Amphibium</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib"i*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Amphibia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>; E. <plw>Amphibiums</plw> (#)</plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/ an animal). See <er>Amphibious</er>.]</ety> <def>An amphibian.</def>

<h1>Amphiblastic</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*blas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ tending to sprout.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Segmenting unequally; -- said of telolecithal ova with complete segmentation.</def>

<h1>Amphibole</h1>
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<hw>Am"phi*bole</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ doubtful, equivocal, fr. <?/ to throw round, to doubt: cf. F. <ets>amphibole</ets>. Ha\'81y so named the genus from the great variety of color and composition assumed by the mineral.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A common mineral embracing many varieties varying in color and in composition. It occurs in monoclinic crystals; also massive, generally with fibrous or columnar structure. The color varies from white to gray, green, brown, and black. It is a silicate of magnesium and calcium, with usually aluminium and iron. Some common varieties are <i>tremolite</i>, <i>actinolite</i>, <i>asbestus</i>, <i>edenite</i>, <i>hornblende</i> (the last name being also used as a general term for the whole species). Amphibole is a constituent of many crystalline rocks, as syenite, diorite, most varieties of trachyte, etc. See <er>Hornblende</er>.</def>

<h1>Amphibolic</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*bol"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to amphiboly; ambiguous; equivocal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or resembling the mineral amphibole.</def>

<h1>Amphibological</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of doubtful meaning; ambiguous.</def> "<i>Amphibological</i> expressions."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

 -- <wordforms><wf>Am*phib`o*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Amphibology</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*bol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Amphibologies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>amphibologia</ets>, for <ets>amphibolia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, with the ending -<ets>logia</ets> as if fr. Gr. <?/ ambiguous + <?/ speech: cf. F. <ets>amphibologie</ets>. See <er>Amphiboly</er>.]</ety> <def>A phrase, discourse, or proposition, susceptible of two interpretations; and hence, of uncertain meaning. It differs from <i>equivocation</i>, which arises from the twofold sense of a single term.</def>

<h1>Amphibolous</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib"o*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amphibolus</ets>, Gr. <?/ thrown about, doubtful.  See <er>Amphibole</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Ambiguous; doubtful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Never was there such an <b>amphibolous</b> quarrel -- both parties declaring themselves for the king.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Capable of two meanings.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>amphibolous</b> sentence is one that is capable of two meanings, not from the double sense of any of the words, but from its admitting of a double construction; <b>e</b>. <b>g</b>., "The duke yet lives that Henry shall depose."
<i>Whately.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amphiboly</h1>
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<hw>Am*phib"o*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Amphibolies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>amphibolia</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. OE. <ets>amphibolie</ets>. See <er>Amphibolous</er>.]</ety> <def>Ambiguous discourse; amphibology.</def>

<blockquote>If it oracle contrary to our interest or humor, we will create an <b>amphiboly</b>, a double meaning where there is none.
<i>Whitlock.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amphibranch</h1>
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<hw>Am"phi*branch</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <?/, Gr. <?/ short at both ends; <?/ + <?/ short.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Pros.)</fld> <def>A foot of three syllables, the middle one long, the first and last short (<?/ -- <?/); <as>as, <ex>h<?/b\'c7r<?/</ex></as>. In modern prosody the accented syllable takes the place of the long and the unaccented of the short; <as>as, <ex>pro</ex>-<ex>phet</ex>\'b6<ex>ic</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Amphicarpic, Amphicarpous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am`phi*car"pic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am`phi*car"pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing fruit of two kinds, either as to form or time of ripening.</def>

<h1>Amphichroic</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*chro"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Exhibiting or producing two colors, as substances which in the color test may change red litmus to blue and blue litmus to red.</def>

<h1>Amphic</lian, Amphic</lous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am`phi*c<?/"li*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am`phi*c<?/"lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hollowed all round; <?/ + <?/ hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having both ends concave; biconcave; -- said of vertebr\'91.</def>

<h1>Amphicome</h1>
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<hw>Am"phi*come</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ with hair all round; <?/ + <?/ hair.]</ety> <def>A kind of figured stone, rugged and beset with eminences, anciently used in divination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Amphictyonic</h1>
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<hw>Am*phic`ty*on"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Amphictyons or their League or Council; <as>as, an <ex>Amphictyonic</ex> town or state; the <ex>Amphictyonic</ex> body.</as></def>

<i>W. Smith.</i>

<h1>Amphictyons</h1>
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<hw>Am*phic"ty*ons</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Amphictyones</ets>, Gr. <?/. Prob. the word was orig. <?/ dwellers around, neighbors.]</ety> <fld>(Grecian Hist.)</fld> <def>Deputies from the confederated states of ancient Greece to a congress or council. They considered both political and religious matters.</def>

<h1>Amphictyony</h1>
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<hw>Am*phic"ty*o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Amphictyonies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Grecian Hist.)</fld> <def>A league of states of ancient Greece; esp. the celebrated confederation known as the Amphictyonic Council. Its object was to maintain the common interests of Greece.</def>

<h1>Amphid</h1>
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<hw>Am"phid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ both: cf. F. <ets>amphide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of the class formed by the combination of an acid and a base, or by the union of two oxides, two sulphides, selenides, or tellurides, as distinguished from a <i>haloid</i> compound.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Berzelius.</i>

<h1>Amphidisc</h1>
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<hw>Am"phi*disc</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ a round plate.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A peculiar small siliceous spicule having a denticulated wheel at each end; -- found in freshwater sponges.</def>

<h1>Amphidromical</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*drom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ running about or around.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to an Attic festival at the naming of a child; -- so called because the friends of the parents <i>carried</i> the child <i>around</i> the hearth and then named it.</def>

<h1>Amphigamous</h1>
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<hw>Am*phig"a*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a structure entirely cellular, and no distinct sexual organs; -- a term applied by De Candolle to the lowest order of plants.</def>

<h1>Amphigean</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*ge"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/, <?/, the earth.]</ety> <def>Extending over all the zones, from the tropics to the polar zones inclusive.</def>

<h1>Amphigen</h1>
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<hw>Am"phi*gen</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-gen</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amphig\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An element that in combination produces amphid salt; -- applied by Berzelius to oxygen, sulphur, selenium, and tellurium.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Amphigene</h1>
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<hw>Am"phi*gene</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Leucite.</def>

<h1>Amphigenesis</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ generation.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Sexual generation; amphigony.</def>

<h1>Amphigenous</h1>
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<hw>Am*phig"e*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Increasing in size by growth on all sides, as the lichens.</def>

<h1>Amphigonic</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*gon"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to amphigony; sexual; <as>as, <ex>amphigonic</ex> propagation</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Amphigonous</h1>
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<hw>Am*phig"o*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ a begetting.]</ety> <def>Relating to both parents.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Amphigony</h1>
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<hw>Am*phig"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sexual propagation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Amphigoric</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*gor"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Amphigory</er>.]</ety> <def>Nonsensical; absurd; pertaining to an amphigory.</def>

<h1>Amphigory</h1>
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<hw>Am"phi*go*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>amphigouri</ets>, of uncertain derivation; perh. fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ a circle.]</ety> <def>A nonsense verse; a rigmarole, with apparent meaning, which on further attention proves to be meaningless.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>amphigouri</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Amphilogism, Amphilogy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am*phil"o*gism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am*phil"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ambiguity of speech; equivocation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Amphimacer</h1>
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<hw>Am*phim"a*cer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amphimacru<?/</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ on both sides + <?/ long.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Pros.)</fld> <def>A foot of three syllables, the middle one short and the others long, as in <i>c\'best<?/t\'bes</i>.</def>

<i>Andrews.</i>

<h1>Amphineura</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*neu"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <?/ + <?/ sinew, nerve.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Mollusca remarkable for the bilateral symmetry of the organs and the arrangement of the nerves.</def>

<h1>Amphioxus</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*ox"us</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ sharp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fishlike creature <spn>(Amphioxus lanceolatus)</spn>, two or three inches long, found in temperature seas; -- also called the <i>lancelet</i>. Its body is pointed at both ends. It is the lowest and most generalized of the vertebrates, having neither brain, skull, vertebr\'91, nor red blood. It forms the type of the group <spn>Acrania</spn>, <spn>Leptocardia</spn>, etc.</def>

<h1>Amphipneust</h1>
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<hw>Am*phip"neust</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ one who breathes, <?/ to breathe.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a tribe of Amphibia, which have both lungs and gills at the same time, as the proteus and siren.</def>

<h1>Amphipod</h1>
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<hw>Am"phi*pod</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Amphipoda.</def>

<h1>Amphipod, Amphipodan</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am"phi*pod</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am*phip"o*dan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Amphipoda.</def>

<h1>Amphipoda</h1>
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<hw>Am*phip"o*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., FR. Gr. <?/ + <?/, <?/ foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A numerous group of fourteen -- footed Crustacea, inhabiting both fresh and salt water. The body is usually compressed laterally, and the anterior pairs or legs are directed downward and forward, but the posterior legs are usually turned upward and backward. The beach flea is an example. See <er>Tetradecapoda</er> and <er>Arthrostraca</er>.</def>

<h1>Amphipodous</h1>
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<hw>Am*phip"o*dous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Amphipoda.</def>

<h1>Amphiprostyle</h1>
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<hw>Am*phip"ro*style</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amphiprostylos</ets>, Gr. <?/ having a double prostyle: cf. F. <ets>amphiprostyle</ets>. See <er>Prostyle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Doubly prostyle; having columns at each end, but not at the sides.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>An amphiprostyle temple or edifice.</def>

<h1>Amphirhina</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*rhi"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/, <?/, nose.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name applied to the elasmobranch fishes, because the nasal sac is double.</def>

<h1>Amphisb\'91na</h1>
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<hw>Am`phis*b\'91"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ on both ends + <?/ to go.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fabled serpent with a head at each end, moving either way.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of harmless lizards, serpentlike in form, without legs, and with both ends so much alike that they appear to have a head at each, and ability to move either way. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<note>&hand; The <spn>Gordius aquaticus</spn>, or <i>hairworm</i>, has been called an <spn>amphisb\'91na</spn>; but it belongs among the worms.</note>

<h1>Amphisb\'91noid</h1>
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<hw>Am`phis*b\'91"noid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>amphisbaena</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the lizards of the genus Amphisb\'91na.</def>

<h1>Amphiscii, Amphiscians</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am*phis"ci*i</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am*phis"cians</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ throwing a shadow both ways; <?/ + <?/ shadow.]</ety> <def>The inhabitants of the tropic, whose shadows in one part of the year are cast to the north, and in the other to the south, according as the sun is south or north of their zenith.</def>

<h1>Amphistomous</h1>
<Xpage=50>

<hw>Am*phis"to*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a sucker at each extremity, as certain entozoa, by means of which they adhere.</def>

<h1>Amphistylic</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*sty"lic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ pillar, support.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the mandibular arch articulated with the hyoid arch and the cranium, as in the cestraciont sharks; -- said of a skull.</def>

<h1>Amphitheater, Amphitheatre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am`phi*the"a*ter</hw>, <hw>Am`phi*the"a*tre</hw>,<hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amphitheatrum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ theater: cf. F. <ets>amphith\'82\'83tre</ets>. See <er>Theater</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An oval or circular building with rising tiers of seats about an open space called the arena.</def>

<note>&hand; The Romans first constructed amphitheaters for combats of gladiators and wild beasts.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything resembling an amphitheater in form; <as>as, a level surrounded by rising slopes or hills, or a rising gallery in a theater</as>.</def>

<h1>Amphitheatral</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*the"a*tral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amphitheatralis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amphith\'82\'83tral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Amphitheatrical; resembling an amphitheater.</def>

<h1>Amphitheatric, Amphitheatrical</h1>
<Xpage=50>

<hw><hw>Am`phi*the*at"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am`phi*the*at"ric*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amphitheatricus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, exhibited in, or resembling, an amphitheater.</def>

<h1>Amphitheatrically</h1>
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<hw>Am`phi*the*at"ric*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the form or manner of an amphitheater.</def>

<h1>Amphitrocha</h1>
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<hw>Am*phit"ro*cha</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ a wheel.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of annelid larva having both a dorsal and a ventral circle of special cilia.</def>

<h1>Amphitropal, Amphitropous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am*phit"ro*pal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am*phit"ro*pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the ovule inverted, but with the attachment near the middle of one side; half anatropous.</def>

<hr>
<page="51">
Page 51<p>

<h1>Amphiuma</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>Am`phi*u"ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of amphibians, inhabiting the Southern United States, having a serpentlike form, but with four minute limbs and two persistent gill openings; the Congo snake.</def>

<h1>Amphopeptone</h1>
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<hw>Am`pho*pep"tone</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + E. <ets>peptone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A product of gastric digestion, a mixture of hemipeptone and antipeptone.</def>

<h1>Amphora</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>Am"pho*ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Amophor\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a jar with two handles; <?/ + <?/ bearer, <?/ to bear. Cf. <er>Ampul</er>.]</ety> <def>Among the ancients, a two-handled vessel, tapering at the bottom, used for holding wine, oil, etc.</def>

<h1>Amphoral</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>Am"pho*ral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amphoralis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, an amphora.</def>

<h1>Amphoric</h1>
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<hw>Am*phor"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Produced by, or indicating, a cavity in the lungs, not filled, and giving a sound like that produced by blowing into an empty decanter; <as>as, <ex>amphoric</ex> respiration or resonance</as>.</def>

<h1>Amphoteric</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>Am`pho*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ both.]</ety> <def>Partly one and partly the other; neither acid nor alkaline; neutral.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Ample</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>Am"ple</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ample</ets>, L. <ets>amplus</ets>, prob. for <ets>ambiplus</ets> full on both sides, the last syllable akin to L. <ets>plenus</ets> full. See <er>Full</er>, and cf. <er>Double</er>.]</ety> <def>Large; great in size, extent, capacity, or bulk; spacious; roomy; widely extended.</def>

<blockquote>All the people in that <b>ample</b> house
Did to that image bow their humble knees.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fully sufficient; abundant; liberal; copious; <as>as, an <ex>ample</ex> fortune; <ex>ample</ex> justice.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not contracted of brief; not concise; extended; diffusive; <as>as, an <ex>ample</ex> narrative</as>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Full; spacious; extensive; wide; capacious; abundant; plentiful; plenteous; copious; bountiful; rich; liberal; munificent.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Ample</er>, <er>Copious</er>, <er>Abundant</er>, <er>Plenteous</er>. These words agree in representing a thing as <i>large</i>, but under different relations, according to the image which is used. <i>Ample</i> implies largeness, producing a sufficiency or fullness of supply for every want; <as>as, <ex>ample</ex> stores or resources, <ex>ample</ex> provision</as>. <i>Copious</i> carries with it the idea of flow, or of collection at a single point; <as>as, a <ex>copious</ex> supply of materials</as>. "<i>Copious</i> matter of my song." <i>Milton</i>. <i>Abundant</i> and <i>plenteous</i> refer to largeness of quantity; as, <ex>abundant</ex> stores; <i>plenteous</i> harvests.</usage>

<h1>Amplectant</h1>
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<hw>Am*plec"tant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amplecti</ets> to embrace.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Clasping a support; <as>as, <ex>amplectant</ex> tendrils</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Ampleness</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>Am"ple*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being ample; largeness; fullness; completeness.</def>

<h1>Amplexation</h1>
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<hw>Am`plex*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amplexari</ets> to embrace.]</ety> <def>An embrace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>An humble <b>amplexation</b> of those sacred feet.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amplexicaul</h1>
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<hw>Am*plex"i*caul</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amplexus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>amplecti</ets> to encircle, to embrace + <ets>caulis</ets> stem: cf. F. <ets>amplexicaule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Clasping or embracing a stem, as the base of some leaves.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Ampliate</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>Am"pli*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ampliatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ampliare</ets> to make wider, fr. <ets>amplus</ets>. See <er>Ample</er>.]</ety> <def>To enlarge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To maintain and <b>ampliate</b> the external possessions of your empire.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ampliate</h1>
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<hw>Am"pli*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the outer edge prominent; said of the wings of insects.</def>

<h1>Ampliation</h1>
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<hw>Am`pli*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ampliatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ampliation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Enlargement; amplification.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>A postponement of the decision of a cause, for further consideration or re-argument.</def>

<h1>Ampliative</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>Am"pli*a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Enlarging a conception by adding to that which is already known or received.</def>

<blockquote>"All bodies possess power of attraction" is an <b>ampliative</b> judgment; because we can think of bodies without thinking of attraction as one of their immediate primary attribute.
<i>Abp. W. Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amplificate</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>Am*plif"i*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amplificatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>amplificare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To amplify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Amplification</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>Am`pli*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amplificatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of amplifying or enlarging in dimensions; enlargement; extension.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The enlarging of a simple statement by particularity of description, the use of epithets, etc., for rhetorical effect; diffuse narrative or description, or a dilating upon all the particulars of a subject.</def>

<blockquote>Exaggeration is a species of <b>amplification</b>.
<i>Brande & C.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I shall summarily, without any <b>amplification</b> at all, show in what manner defects have been supplied.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The matter by which a statement is amplified; <as>as, the subject was presented without <ex>amplifications</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Amplificative</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>Am*plif"i*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Amplificatory.</def>

<h1>Amplificatory</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>Am*plif"i*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to amplify or enlarge; amplificative.</def>

<i>Morell.</i>

<h1>Amplifier</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>Am"pli*fi`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who or that which amplifies.</def>

<h1>Amplify</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>Am"pli*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Amplified</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Amplifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>amplifier</ets>, L.  <ets>amplificare</ets>. See <er>Ample</er>, <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render larger, more extended, or more intense, and the like; -- used especially of telescopes, microscopes, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>To enlarge by addition or discussion; to treat copiously by adding particulars, illustrations, etc.; to expand; to make much of.</def>

<blockquote>Troilus and Cressida was written by a Lombard author, but much <b>amplified</b> by our English translator.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amplify</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>Am"pli*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become larger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Strait was the way at first, withouten light,
But further in did further <b>amplify</b>.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To speak largely or copiously; to be diffuse in argument or description; to dilate; to expatiate; -- often with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<blockquote>He must often enlarge and <b>amplify</b> upon the subject he handles.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amplitude</h1>
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<hw>Am"pli*tude</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amplitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>amplus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amplitude</ets>. See <er>Ample</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>State of being ample; extent of surface or space; largeness of dimensions; size.</def>

<blockquote>The cathedral of Lincoln . . . is a magnificent structure, proportionable to the <b>amplitude</b> of the diocese.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Largeness, in a figurative sense; breadth; abundance; fullness.</def> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of extent of capacity or intellectual powers.</def>  "<i>Amplitude</i> of mind." <i>Milton</i>. "<i>Amplitude</i> of comprehension." <i>Macaulay</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of extent of means or resources.</def>  "<i>Amplitude</i> of reward." <i>Bacon</i>.

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The arc of the horizon between the true east or west point and the center of the sun, or a star, at its rising or setting. At the rising, the amplitude is eastern or ortive: at the setting, it is western, occiduous, or occasive. It is also northern or southern, when north or south of the equator.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The arc of the horizon between the true east or west point and the foot of the vertical circle passing through any star or object.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>The horizontal line which measures the distance to which a projectile is thrown; the range.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The extent of a movement measured from the starting point or position of equilibrium; -- applied especially to vibratory movements.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(math.)</fld> <def>An angle upon which the value of some function depends; -- a term used more especially in connection with elliptic functions.</def>

<cs><col>Magnetic amplitude</col>, <cd>the angular distance of a heavenly body, when on the horizon, from the magnetic east or west point as indicated by the compass. The difference between the magnetic and the true or astronomical amplitude (see 3 above) is the "variation of the compass."</cd></cs>

<h1>Amply</h1>
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<hw>Am"ply</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ample manner.</def>

<h1>Ampul</h1>
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<hw>Am"pul</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ampella</ets>, <ets>ampolla</ets>, L. <ets>ampulla</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>ampolle</ets>, F. <ets>ampoule</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Ampulla, 2.</er></def>

<h1>Ampulla</h1>
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<hw>Am*pul"la</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ampull\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A narrow-necked vessel having two handles and bellying out like a jug.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cruet for the wine and water at Mass.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The vase in which the holy oil for chrism, unction, or coronation is kept.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Any membranous bag shaped like a leathern bottle, as the dilated end of a vessel or duct; especially the dilations of the semicircular canals of the ear.</def>

<h1>Ampullaceous</h1>
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<hw>Am`pul*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ampullaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>ampulla</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like a bottle or inflated bladder; bottle-shaped; swelling.</def>

<i>Kirby.</i>

<cs><col>Ampullaceous sac</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the peculiar cavities in the tissues of sponges, containing the zooidal cells.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ampullar, Ampullary</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am"pul*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am`pul*la*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling an ampulla.</def>

<h1>Ampullate, Ampullated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am"pul*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am"pul*la`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having an ampulla; flask-shaped; bellied.</def>

<h1>Ampulliform</h1>
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<hw>Am*pul"li*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ampulla</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Flask-shaped; dilated.</def>

<h1>Amputate</h1>
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<hw>Am"pu*tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Amputated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Amputating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>amputatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>amputare</ets>: <ets>amb-</ets> + <ets>putare</ets> to prune, <ets>putus</ets> clean, akin to E. <ets>pure</ets>. See <er>Putative</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To prune or lop off, as branches or tendrils.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>To cut off (a limb or projecting part (of the body)</def>.

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Amputation</h1>
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<hw>Am`pu*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amputatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amputation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act amputating; esp. the operation of cutting of a limb or projecting part of the body.</def>

<h1>Amputator</h1>
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<hw>Am"pu*ta"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who amputates.</def>

<h1>Ampyx</h1>
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<hw>Am"pyx</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Greek Antiq.)</fld> <def>A woman's headband (sometimes of metal), for binding the front hair.</def>

<h1>Amrita</h1>
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<hw>Am*ri"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>amrita</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Hind. Myth.)</fld> <def>Immorality; also, the nectar conferring immortality. -- <i>a</i>. Ambrosial; immortal.</def>

<mhw><h1>Amsel, Amzel</h1>
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<hw>Am"sel</hw>, <hw>Am"zel</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ger. See <er>Ousel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European ring ousel <spn>(Turdus torquatus)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Amuck</h1>
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<hw>A*muck"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>amoq</ets> furious.]</ety> <def>In a frenzied and reckless.</def>

<cs><col>To run amuck</col>, <cd>to rush out in a state of frenzy, as the Malays sometimes do under the influence of "bhang," and attack every one that comes in the way; to assail recklessly and indiscriminately.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Satire's my weapon, but I'm too discreet
To run <b>amuck</b>, and tilt at all I meet.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amulet</h1>
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<hw>Am"u*let</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amuletum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amulette</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ornament, gem, or scroll, or a package containing a relic, etc., worn as a charm or preservative against evils or mischief, such as diseases and witchcraft, and generally inscribed with mystic forms or characters. <note>[Also used figuratively.]</note></def>

<h1>Amuletic</h1>
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<hw>Am`u*let"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an amulet; operating as a charm.</def>

<h1>Amurcous</h1>
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<hw>A*mur"cous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>amurcous</ets>, L. <ets>amurca</ets> the dregs of olives, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to pluck.]</ety> <def>Full off dregs; foul.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Knowles.</i>

<h1>Amusable</h1>
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<hw>A*mus"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>amusable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being amused.</def>

<h1>Amuse</h1>
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<hw>A*muse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Amused</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Amusing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>amuser</ets> to make stay, to detain, to amuse, <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>muser</ets>. See <er>Muse</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To occupy or engage the attention of; to lose in deep thought; to absorb; also, to distract; to bewilder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Camillus set upon the Gauls when they were <b>amused</b> in receiving their gold.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Being <b>amused</b> with grief, fear, and fright, he could not find the house.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To entertain or occupy in a pleasant manner; to stir with pleasing or mirthful emotions; to divert.</def>

<blockquote>A group children <b>amusing</b> themselves with pushing stones from the top [of the cliff], and watching as they plunged into the lake.
<i>Gilpin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To keep in extraction; to beguile; to delude.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>amused</b> his followers with idle promises.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To entertain; gratify; please; divert; beguile; deceive; occupy.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Amuse</er>, <er>Divert</er>, <er>Entertain</er>. We are <i>amused</i> by that which occupies us lightly and pleasantly. We are <i>entertained</i> by that which brings our minds into agreeable contact with others, as conversation, or a book. We are <i>diverted</i> by that which turns off our thoughts to something of livelier interest, especially of a sportive nature, as a humorous story, or a laughable incident.</usage>

<blockquote>Whatever <b>amuses</b> serves to kill time, to lull the faculties, and to banish reflection. Whatever <b>entertains</b> usually a wakens the understanding or gratifies the fancy. Whatever <b>diverts</b> is lively in its nature, and sometimes tumultuous in its effects.
<i>Crabb.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Amuse</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>A*muse"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To muse; to mediate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Amused</h1>
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<hw>A*mused"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Diverted.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressing amusement; <as>as, an <ex>amused</ex> look</as>.</def>

<h1>Amusement</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>A*muse"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>amusement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Deep thought; muse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Here I . . . fell into a strong and deep <b>amusement</b>, revolving in my mind, with great perplexity, the amazing change of our affairs.
<i>Fleetwood.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being amused; pleasurable excitement; that which amuses; diversion.</def>

<blockquote>His favorite <b>amusements</b> were architecture and gardening.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Diversion; entertainment; recreation; relaxation; pastime; sport.</syn>

<h1>Amuser</h1>
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<hw>A*mus"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who amuses.</def>

<h1>Amusette</h1>
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<hw>Am`u*sette"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A light field cannon, or stocked gun mounted on a swivel.</def>

<h1>Amusing</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>A*mus"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giving amusement; diverting; <as>as, an <ex>amusing</ex> story</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*mus"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Amusive</h1>
<Xpage=51>

<hw>A*mu"sive</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power to amuse or entertain the mind; fitted to excite mirth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>A*mu"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>A*mu"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Amy</h1>
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<hw>A*my"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ami</ets>, fr. L. <ets>amicus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A friend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Amyelous</h1>
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<hw>A*my"e*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without marrow.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Wanting the spinal cord.</def>

<h1>Amygdalaceous</h1>
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<hw>A*myg`da*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Akin to, or derived from, the almond.</def>

<h1>Amygdalate</h1>
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<hw>A*myg"da*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amygdala</ets>, <ets>amygdalum</ets>, almond, Gr. <?/, <?/. See <er>Almond</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, resembling, or made of, almonds.</def>

<h1>Amygdalate</h1>
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<hw>A*myg"da*late</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An emulsion made of almonds; milk of almonds.</def>

<i>Bailey. Coxe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt amygdalic acid.</def>

<h1>Amygdalic</h1>
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<hw>Am`yg*dal"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to almonds; derived from amygdalin; <as>as, <ex>amygdalic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Amygdaliferous</h1>
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<hw>A*myg`da*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amygdalum</ets> almond + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Almond-bearing.</def>

<h1>Amygdalin</h1>
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<hw>A*myg"da*lin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside extracted from bitter almonds as a white, crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Amygdaline</h1>
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<hw>A*myg"da*line</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amygdalinus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, almonds.</def>

<h1>Amygdaloid</h1>
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<hw>A*myg"da*loid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ almond + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amygdalo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of trap or basaltic rock, containing small cavities, occupied, wholly or in part, by nodules or geodes of different minerals, esp. agates, quartz, calcite, and the zeolites. When the imbedded minerals are detached or removed by decomposition, it is porous, like lava.</def>

<h1>Amygdaloid, Amygdaloidal</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*myg"da*loid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*myg`da*loid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Almond-shaped.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or having the nature of, the rock amygdaloid.</def>

<h1>Amyl</h1>
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<hw>Am"yl</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>am</ets>ylum starch + <ets>-yl</ets>. Cf. <er>Amidin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon radical, <chform>C5H11</chform>, of the paraffine series found in amyl alcohol or fusel oil, etc.</def>

<h1>Amylaceous</h1>
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<hw>Am`y*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amylum</ets> starch, Gr. <?/. See <er>Amidin</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to starch; of the nature of starch; starchy.</def>

<h1>Amylate</h1>
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<hw>Am"y*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of the radical amyl with oxygen and a positive atom or radical.</def>

<h1>Amylene</h1>
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<hw>Am"y*lene</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a group of metameric hydrocarbons, <chform>C5H10</chform>, of the ethylene series. The colorless, volatile, mobile liquid commonly called amylene is a mixture of different members of the group.</def>

<h1>Amylic</h1>
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<hw>A*myl"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, amyl; <as>as, <ex>amylic</ex> ether</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Amylic alcohol</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>one of the series of alcohols, a transparent, colorless liquid, having a peculiar odor. It is the hydroxide of amyl.</cd> -- <col>Amylic fermentation</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a process of fermentation in starch or sugar in which amylic alcohol is produced.</cd>

<i>Gregory.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Amylobacter</h1>
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<hw>Am`y*lo*bac"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amyl</ets>um starch + NL. <ets>bacter</ets>ium. See <er>Bacterium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A micro\'94rganism <spn>(Bacillus amylobacter)</spn> which develops in vegetable tissue during putrefaction.</def>

<i>Sternberg.</i>

<h1>Amyloid, Amyloidal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Am"y*loid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am`y*loid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>amylum</ets> starch + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling or containing amyl; starchlike.</def>

<cs><col>Amyloid degeneration</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a diseased condition of various organs of the body, produced by the deposit of an albuminous substance, giving a blue color with iodine and sulphuric acid; -- called also <altname>waxy &or; lardaceous degeneration</altname>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="52">
Page 52<p>

<h1>Amyloid</h1>
<Xpage=52>

<hw>Am"y*loid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A non-nitrogenous starchy food; a starchlike substance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The substance deposited in the organs in amyloid degeneration.</def>

<h1>Amylolytic</h1>
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<hw>Am`y*lo*ly"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ starch + <?/ solvent; <?/ to dissolve.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Effecting the conversion of starch into soluble dextrin and sugar; <as>as, an <ex>amylolytic</ex> ferment</as>.</def>

<i>Foster.</i>

<h1>Amylose</h1>
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<hw>Am`y*lose"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the starch group <chform>(C6H10O5)n</chform> of the carbohydrates; <as>as, starch, arabin, dextrin, cellulose, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Amyous</h1>
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<hw>Am"y*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Wanting in muscle; without flesh.</def>

<h1>Amyss</h1>
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<hw>Am"yss</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Amice</er>, a hood or cape.</def>

<h1>An</h1>
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<hw>An</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[AS. <ets>\'ben</ets> one, the same word as the numeral. See <er>One</er>, and cf. <er>A</er>.]</ety> <def>This word is properly an <i>adjective</i>, but is commonly called the <i>indefinite article</i>. It is used before nouns of the singular number only, and signifies <i>one</i>, or <i>any</i>, but somewhat less emphatically. In such expressions as  "twice <i>an</i> hour," "once <i>an</i> age," a shilling <i>an</i> ounce  (see 2d <er>A</er>, <er>2</er>), it has a distributive force, and is equivalent to <i>each</i>, <i>every</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>An</i> is used before a word beginning with a vowel sound; as, <i>an</i> enemy, <i>an</i> hour. It in also often used before <i>h sounded</i>, when the accent of the word falls on the second syllable; as, <i>an</i> historian, <i>an</i> hyena, <i>an</i> heroic deed. Many writers use <i>a</i> before <i>h</i> in such positions. Anciently <i>an</i> was used before consonants as well as vowels.</note>

<h1>An</h1>
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<hw>An</hw>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[Shortened fr. <ets>and</ets>, OE. <ets>an</ets>., <ets>and</ets>, sometimes <ets>and if</ets>, in introducing conditional clauses, like Icel. <ets>enda</ets> if, the same word as <ets>and</ets>. Prob. <ets>and</ets> was originally pleonastic before the conditional clause.]</ety> <def>If; -- a word used by old English authors.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Nay, <b>an</b> thou dalliest, then I am thy foe.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>An if</col>, <cd>and if; if.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ana-</h1>
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<hw>An"a-</hw>. <ety>[/Gr. <?/ on; <ets>in comp</ets>., on, up, upwards.]</ety> <def>A prefix in words from the Greek, denoting <i>up</i>, <i>upward</i>, <i>throughout</i>, <i>backward</i>, <i>back</i>, <i>again</i>, <i>anew</i>.</def>

<h1>Ana</h1>
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<hw>A"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ (used distributively).]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of each; an equal quantity; <as>as, wine and honey, <ex>ana</ex> (or, contracted, <ex>aa</ex>), <?/ ij</as>., that is, of wine and honey, each, two ounces.</def>

<blockquote>An apothecary with a . . . long bill of <b>anas</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>ana</h1>
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<hw>*a"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[The neut. pl. ending of Latin adjectives in -<ets>anus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix to names of persons or places, used to denote a collection of notable sayings, literary gossip, anecdotes, etc. Thus, <i>Scaligerana</i> is a book containing the sayings of Scaliger, <i>Johnsoniana</i> of Johnson, etc.</def>

<note>Used also as a substantive; as, the French <i>anas</i></note>.

<blockquote>It has been said that the table-talk of Selden is worth all the <b>ana</b> of the Continent.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anabaptism</h1>
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<hw>An`a*bap"tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anabaptismus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>anabaptisme</ets>. See <er>Anabaptize</er>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of the Anabaptists.</def>

<h1>Anabaptist</h1>
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<hw>An`a*bap"tist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>anabaptista</ets>, fr. Gr. as if <ets><?/</ets>: <ets>cf</ets>. <ets>F</ets>. <ets>anabaptiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A name sometimes applied to a member of any sect holding that rebaptism is necessary for those baptized in infancy.</def>

<note>&hand; In church history, the name Anabaptists usually designates a sect of fanatics who greatly disturbed the peace of Germany, the Netherlands, etc., in the Reformation period. In more modern times the name has been applied to those who do not regard infant baptism as real and valid baptism.</note>

<h1>Anabaptistic, Anabaptistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`a*bap*tis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`a*bap*tis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating or attributed to the Anabaptists, or their doctrines.</def>

<i>Milton. Bp. Bull.</i>

<h1>Anabaptistry</h1>
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<hw>An`a*bap"tist*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine, system, or practice, of Anabaptists.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thus died this imaginary king; and <b>Anabaptistry</b> was suppressed in Munster.
<i>Pagitt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anabaptize</h1>
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<hw>An`a*bap*tize"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ again + <?/ to baptize. See <er>Baptize</er>.]</ety> <def>To rebaptize; to rechristen; also, to rename.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Whitlock.</i>

<h1>Anabas</h1>
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<hw>An"a*bas</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, p. p. of <?/ to advance.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fishes, remarkable for their power of living long out of water, and of making their way on land for considerable distances, and for climbing trees; the climbing fishes.</def>

<h1>Anabasis</h1>
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<hw>A*nab"a*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to go up; <?/ up + <?/ to go.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A journey or expedition up from the coast, like that of the younger Cyrus into Central Asia, described by Xenophon in his work called "The Anabasis."</def>

<blockquote>The <b>anabasis</b> of Napoleon.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The first period, or increase, of a disease; augmentation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Anabatic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*bat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to anabasis; <as>as, an <ex>anabatic</ex> fever</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Anabolic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*bol"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ something heaped up; <?/ + <?/ a stroke.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to anabolism; an <i>anabolic</i> changes, or processes, more or less constructive in their nature.</def>

<h1>Anabolism</h1>
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<hw>A*nab"o*lism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The constructive metabolism of the body, as distinguished from <i>katabolism</i>.</def>

<h1>Anacamptic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*camp"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to bend back; <?/ back + <?/ to bend.]</ety> <def>Reflecting of reflected; <as>as, an <ex>anacamptic</ex> sound (and echo)</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The word was formerly applied to that part of optics which treats of reflection; the same as what is now called <i>catoptric</i>. See <er>Catoptrics</er>.</note>

<h1>Anacamptically</h1>
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<hw>An`a*camp"tic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By reflection; <as>as, echoes are sound produced <ex>anacamptically</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<h1>Anacamptics</h1>
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<hw>An`a*camp"tics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science of reflected light, now called <i>catoptrics</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The science of reflected sounds.</def>

<h1>Anacanthini, Anacanths</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`a*can"thi*ni</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"a*canths</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ thorny, fr. <?/ thorn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of teleostean fishes destitute of spiny fin-rays, as the cod.</def>

<h1>Anacanthous</h1>
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<hw>An`a*can"thous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Spineless, as certain fishes.</def>

<h1>Anacardiaceous</h1>
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<hw>An`a*car"di*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, a family, or order, of plants of which the cashew tree is the type, and the species of sumac are well known examples.</def>

<h1>Anacardic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*car"dic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the cashew nut; <as>as, <ex>anacardic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Anacardium</h1>
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<hw>An`a*car"di*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ similar to + <?/ heart; -- the fruit of this plant being thought to resemble the heart of a bird.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants including the cashew tree. See <er>Cashew</er>.</def>

<h1>Anacathartic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*ca*thar"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to cleanse upward, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., by vomiting; <?/ + <?/. See <er>Cathartic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Producing vomiting or expectoration.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An anacatharic medicine; an expectorant or an emetic.</def></def2>

<h1>Anacharis</h1>
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<hw>An*ach"a*ris</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ up + <?/ grace.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fresh-water weed of the frog's-bit family (<spn>Hydrocharidace\'91</spn>), native to America. Transferred to England it became an obstruction to navigation. Called also <altname>waterweed</altname> and <altname>water thyme</altname>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Anachoret, n. Anachoretical</h1>
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<hw>An*ach"o*ret</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <hw>An*ach`o*ret"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></mhw> <def>See <er>Anchoret</er>, <er>Anchoretic</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Anachorism</h1>
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<hw>An*ach"o*rism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ place.]</ety> <def>An error in regard to the place of an event or a thing; a referring something to a wrong place.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<mhw><h1>Anachronic, Anachronical</h1>
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<hw>An`a*chron"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`a*chron"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,</mhw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by, or involving, anachronism; anachronistic.</def>

<h1>Anachronism</h1>
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<hw>An*ach"ro*nism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to refer to a wrong time, to confound times; <?/ + <?/ time: cf. F. <ets>anachronisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>A misplacing or error in the order of time; an error in chronology by which events are misplaced in regard to each other, esp. one by which an event is placed too early; falsification of chronological relation.</def>

<h1>Anachronistic</h1>
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<hw>An*ach`ro*nis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Erroneous in date; containing an anachronism.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Anachronize</h1>
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<hw>An*ach"ro*nize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To refer to, or put into, a wrong time.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Anachronous</h1>
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<hw>An*ach"ro*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing an anachronism; anachronistic.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An*ach"ro*nous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anaclastic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*clas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to bend back and break; to reflect (light); <?/ + <?/ to break.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Produced by the refraction of light, as seen through water; <as>as, <ex>anaclastic</ex> curves</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Springing back, as the bottom of an <i>anaclastic</i> glass.</def>

<cs><col>Anaclastic glass</col>, <cd>a glass or phial, shaped like an inverted funnel, and with a very thin convex bottom. By sucking out a little air, the bottom springs into a concave form with a smart crack; and by breathing or blowing gently into the orifice, the bottom, with a like noise, springs into its former convex form.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anaclastics</h1>
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<hw>An`a*clas"tics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>That part of optics which treats of the refraction of light; -- commonly called <i>dioptrics</i>.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Anac\'d2nosis</h1>
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<hw>An`a*c\'d2*no"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, to communicate; <?/ up + <?/ to make common, <?/ common.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which a speaker appeals to his hearers or opponents for their opinion on the point in debate.</def>

<i>Walker.</i>

<h1>Anacoluthic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*co*lu"thic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lacking grammatical sequence.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`a*co*lu"thic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anacoluthon</h1>
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<hw>An`a*co*lu"thon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, not following, wanting sequence; <?/ priv. + <?/ following.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A want of grammatical sequence or coherence in a sentence; an instance of a change of construction in a sentence so that the latter part does not syntactically correspond with the first part.</def>

<h1>Anaconda</h1>
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<hw>An`a*con"da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Ceylonese origin?]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large South American snake of the Boa family <spn>(Eunectes murinus)</spn>, which lives near rivers, and preys on birds and small mammals. The name is also applied to a similar large serpent <spn>(Python tigris)</spn> of Ceylon.</def>

<h1>Anacreontic</h1>
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<hw>A*nac`re*on"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Anacreonticus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, after the manner of, or in the meter of, the Greek poet Anacreon; amatory and convivial.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Anacreontic</h1>
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<hw>A*nac`re*on"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A poem after the manner of Anacreon; a sprightly little poem in praise of love and wine.</def>

<h1>Anacrotic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*crot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to anachronism.</def>

<h1>Anacrotism</h1>
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<hw>A*nac"ro*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, up, again + <?/ a stroke.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A secondary notch in the pulse curve, obtained in a sphygmographic tracing.</def>

<h1>Anacrusis</h1>
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<hw>An`a*cru"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to push up or back; <?/ + <?/ to strike.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A prefix of one or two unaccented syllables to a verse properly beginning with an accented syllable.</def>

<h1>Anadem</h1>
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<hw>An"a*dem</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anadema</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to wreathe; <?/ up + <?/ to bind.]</ety> <def>A garland or fillet; a chaplet or wreath.</def>

<i>Drayton. Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Anadiplosis</h1>
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<hw>An`a*di*plo"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ to double, <?/, <?/, twofold, double.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A repetition of the last word or any prominent word in a sentence or clause, at the beginning of the next, with an adjunct idea; <as>as, "He retained his virtues amidst all his <ex>misfortunes</ex> -- <ex>misfortunes</ex> which no prudence could foresee or prevent</as>."</def>

<h1>Anadrom</h1>
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<hw>An"a*drom</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anadrome</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish that leaves the sea and ascends rivers.</def>

<h1>Anadromous</h1>
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<hw>A*nad"ro*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ running upward; <?/ + <?/ a running, <?/ to run.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Ascending rivers from the sea, at certain seasons, for breeding, as the salmon, shad, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Tending upwards; -- said of terns in which the lowest secondary segments are on the upper side of the branch of the central stem.</def>

<i>D. C. Eaton.</i>

<h1>An\'91mia</h1>
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<hw>A*n\'91"mi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ blood.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid condition in which the blood is deficient in quality or in quantity.</def>

<h1>An\'91mic</h1>
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<hw>A*n\'91m"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an\'91mia.</def>

<h1>Ana\'89robic</h1>
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<hw>An*a`\'89*rob"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or like, ana\'89robies; ara\'89robiotic.</def>

<h1>Ana\'89robies</h1>
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<hw>An*a"\'89r*o*bies</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, air + <?/ life.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Micro\'94rganisms which do not require oxygen, but are killed by it.</def><-- anaerobe, anaerobes -->

<i>Sternberg.</i>

<h1>Ana\'89robiotic</h1>
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<hw>An*a`\'89r*o*bi*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Related to, or of the nature of, ana\'89robies.</def>

<h1>An\'91sthesia</h1>
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<hw>An`\'91s*the"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ feeling, <?/ to feel: cf. F. <ets>anesth\'82sie</ets>. See <er>\'92sthetics</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Entire or partial loss or absence of feeling or sensation; a state of general or local insensibility produced by disease or by the inhalation or application of an an\'91sthetic.</def>

<h1>An\'91sthesis</h1>
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<hw>An`\'91s*the"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>An\'91sthesia</er>.</def>

<h1>An\'91sthetic</h1>
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<hw>An`\'91s*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Capable of rendering insensible; <as>as, <ex>an\'91sthetic</ex> agents</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Characterized by, or connected with, insensibility; <as>as, an <ex>an\'91sthetic</ex> effect or operation</as>.</def>

<h1>An\'91sthetic</h1>
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<hw>An`\'91s*thet"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>That which produces insensibility to pain, as chloroform, ether, etc.</def>

<h1>An\'91sthetization</h1>
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<hw>An*\'91s`the*ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of an\'91sthetizing; also, the condition of the nervous system induced by an\'91sthetics.</def>

<h1>An\'91sthetize</h1>
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<hw>An*\'91s"the*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To render insensible by an an\'91sthetic.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Anaglyph</h1>
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<hw>An"a*glyph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wrought in low relief, <?/ embossed work; <?/ + <?/ to engrave.]</ety> <def>Any sculptured, chased, or embossed ornament worked in low relief, as a cameo.</def>

<h1>Anaglyphic, Anaglyphical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`a*glyph"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`a*glyph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the art of chasing or embossing in relief; anaglyptic; -- opposed to <i>diaglyptic</i> or sunk work.</def>

<h1>Anaglyphic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*glyph"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Work chased or embossed relief.</def>

<h1>Anaglyptic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*glyp"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anaglypticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/. See <er>Anaglyph</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to the art of carving, enchasing, or embossing in low relief.</def>

<h1>Anaglyptics</h1>
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<hw>An`a*glyp"tics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of carving in low relief, embossing, etc.</def>

<h1>Anaglyptograph</h1>
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<hw>An`a*glyp"to*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument by which a correct engraving of any embossed object, such as a medal or cameo, can be executed.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Anaglyptographic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*glyp`to*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to anaglyptography; <as>as, <ex>analyptographic</ex> engraving</as>.</def>

<h1>Anaglyptography</h1>
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<hw>An`a*glyp*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ embossed + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of copying works in relief, or of engraving as to give the subject an embossed or raised appearance; -- used in representing coins, bas-reliefs, etc.</def>

<h1>Anagnorisis</h1>
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<hw>An`ag*nor"i*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Latinized fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ to recognize.]</ety> <def>The unfolding or d\'82nouement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Anagoge</h1>
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<hw>An`a*go"ge</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a leading up; <?/ + <?/ a leading, <?/ to lead.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An elevation of mind to things celestial.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The spiritual meaning or application; esp. the application of the types and allegories of the Old Testament to subjects of the New.</def>

<h1>Anagogic, Anagogical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`a*gog"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`a*gog"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mystical; having a secondary spiritual meaning; <as>as, the <ex>rest</ex> of the Sabbath, in an <ex>anagogical</ex> sense, signifies the repose of the saints in heaven; an <ex>anagogical</ex> explication.</as></def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`a*gog"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anagogics</h1>
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<hw>An`a*gog"ics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Mystical interpretations or studies, esp. of the Scriptures.</def>

<i>L. Addison.</i>

<h1>Anagogy</h1>
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<hw>An"a*go`gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Anagoge</er>.</def>

<h1>Anagram</h1>
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<hw>An"a*gram</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anagramme</ets>, LL. <ets>anagramma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ back, again + <?/ to write. See <er>Graphic</er>.]</ety> <def>Literally, the letters of a word read backwards, but in its usual wider sense, the change or one word or phrase into another by the transposition of its letters. Thus <i>Galenus</i> becomes <i>angelus</i>; <i>William Noy</i> (attorney-general to Charles I., and a laborious man) may be turned into <i>I moyl in law</i>.</def>

<h1>Anagram</h1>
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<hw>An"a*gram</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To anagrammatize.</def>

<blockquote>Some of these <b>anagramed</b> his name, Benlowes, into Benevolus.
<i>Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anagrammatic, Anagrammatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`a*gram*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`a*gram*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anagramtique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, containing, or making, anagram.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`a*gram*mat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anagrammatism</h1>
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<hw>An`a*gram"ma*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>anagrammatisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of making anagrams.</def>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Anagrammatist</h1>
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<hw>An`a*gram"ma*tist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anagrammatiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A maker anagrams.</def>

<h1>Anagrammatize</h1>
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<hw>An`a*gram"ma*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cf. F. <ets>anagrammatiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To transpose, as the letters of a word, so as to form an anagram.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Anagraph</h1>
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<hw>An"a*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a writing out, fr. <?/ to write out, to record; <?/ + <?/ to write.]</ety> <def>An inventory; a record.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Knowles.</i>

<h1>Anakim, Anaks</h1>
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<hw><hw>An"a*kim</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A"naks</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Heb.]</ety> <fld>(Bibl.)</fld> <def>A race of giants living in Palestine.</def>

<h1>Anal</h1>
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<hw>A"nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Anus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or situated near, the anus; <as>as, the <ex>anal</ex> fin or glands</as>.</def>

<h1>Analcime</h1>
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<hw>A*nal"cime</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ strong, <?/ strength: cf. F. <ets>analcime</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A white or flesh-red mineral, of the zeolite, occurring in isometric crystals. By friction, it acquires <i>a weak</i> electricity; hence its name.</def>

<h1>Analcite</h1>
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<hw>A*nal"cite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ weak.]</ety> <def>Analcime.</def>

<h1>Analectic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*lec"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to analects; made up of selections; <as>as, an <ex>analectic</ex> magazine</as>.</def>

<h1>Analects,  Analecta</h1>
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<hw><hw>An"a*lects</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,  <hw>An`a*lec"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to collect; <?/ + <?/ to gather.]</ety> <def>A collection of literary fragments.</def>

<h1>Analemma</h1>
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<hw>An`a*lem"ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>analemma</ets> a sun dial on a pedestal, showing the latitude and meridian of a place, Gr. <?/ a support, or thing supported, a sun dial, fr. <?/ to take up; <?/ + <?/ to take.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An orthographic projection of the sphere on the plane of the meridian, the eye being supposed at an infinite distance, and in the east or west point of the horizon.</def>


<hr>
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<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument of wood or brass, on which this projection of the sphere is made, having a movable horizon or cursor; -- formerly much used in solving some common astronomical problems.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A scale of the sun's declination for each day of the year, drawn across the torrid zone on an artificial terrestrial globe.</def>

<h1>Analepsis, Analepsy</h1>
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<hw><hw>An"a*lep"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"a*lep"sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a taking up, or again, recovery, from <?/. See <er>Analemma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Recovery of strength after sickness.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A species of epileptic attack, originating from gastric disorder.</def>

<h1>Analeptic</h1>
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<hw>An"a*lep"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ restorative: cf. F. <ets>analeptique</ets>. See <er>Analepsis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Restorative; giving strength after disease.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A restorative.</def>

<h1>Analgesia</h1>
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<hw>An`al*ge"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ sense of pain.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Absence of sensibility to pain.</def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<h1>Anallagmatic</h1>
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<hw>An`al*lag*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a change.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Not changed in form by inversion.</def>

<cs><col>Anallagmatic curves</col>, <cd>a class of curves of the fourth degree which have certain peculiar relations to circles; -- sometimes called <i>bicircular quartics<i>.</cd> -- <col>Anallagmatic surfaces</col>, <cd>a certain class of surfaces of the fourth degree.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anallantoic</h1>
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<hw>An`al*lan*to"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Without, or not developing, an allantois.</def>

<h1>Anallantoidea</h1>
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<hw>An`al*lan*toid"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + E. <ets>allantoidea</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of Vertebrata in which no allantois is developed. It includes amphibians, fishes, and lower forms.</def>

<h1>Analogal</h1>
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<hw>A*nal"o*gal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Analogous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Analogic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*log"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Analogous</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or belonging to analogy.</def>

<i>Geo. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Analogical</h1>
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<hw>An`a*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Founded on, or of the nature of, analogy; expressing or implying analogy.</def>

<blockquote>When a country which has sent out colonies is termed the mother country, the expression is <b>analogical</b>.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having analogy; analogous.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Analogically</h1>
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<hw>An`a*log"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an analogical sense; in accordance with analogy; by way of similitude.</def>

<blockquote>A prince is <b>analogically</b> styled a pilot, being to the state as a pilot is to the vessel.
<i>Berkeley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Analogicalness</h1>
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<hw>An`a*log"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being analogical.</def>

<h1>Analogism</h1>
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<hw>A*nal"o*gism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ course of reasoning, fr. <?/ to think over, to calculate]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>Logic</fld> <def>an argument from the cause to the effect; an <i>a priori</i> argument.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Investigation of things by the analogy they bear to each other.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Analogist</h1>
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<hw>A*nal"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reasons from analogy, or represent, by analogy.</def>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Analogize</h1>
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<hw>A*nal"o*gize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To employ, or reason by, analogy.</def>

<h1>Analogon</h1>
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<hw>A*nal"o*gon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Analogue.</def>

<h1>Analogous</h1>
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<hw>A*nal"o*gous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>analogous</ets>, Gr. <?/ according to a due ratio, proportionate; <?/ + <?/ ratio, proportion. See <er>Logic</er>.]</ety> <def>Having analogy; corresponding to something else; bearing some resemblance or proportion; -- often followed by <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Analogous</b> tendencies in arts and manners.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Decay of public spirit, which may be considered <b>analogous</b> to natural death.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>nalogous pole</col> <fld>(Pyroelect.)</fld>, <cd>that pole of a crystal which becomes positively electrified when heated.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Correspondent; similar; like.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>A*nal"o gous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>A*nal"o*gous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Analogue</h1>
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<hw>An"a*logue</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <?/, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is analogous to, or corresponds with, some other thing.</def>

<blockquote>The vexatious tyranny of the individual despot meets its <b>analogue</b> in the insolent tyranny of the many.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>A word in one language corresponding with one in another; an analogous term; <as>as, the Latin "pater" is the <ex>analogue</ex> of the English "father</as>."</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An organ which is equivalent in its functions to a different organ in another species or group, or even in the same group; <as>as, the gill of a fish is the <ex>analogue</ex> of a lung in a quadruped, although the two are not of like structural relations</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A species in one genus or group having its characters parallel, one by one, with those of another group.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A species or genus in one country closely related to a species of the same genus, or a genus of the same group, in another: such species are often called <i>representative species</i>, and such genera, <i>representative genera</i>.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Analogy</h1>
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<hw>A*nal"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Analogies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>analogia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>analogie</ets>. See <er>Analogous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A resemblance of relations; an agreement or likeness between things in some circumstances or effects, when the things are otherwise entirely different. Thus, learning <i>enlightens</i> the mind, because it is to the mind what <i>light</i> is to the eye, enabling it to discover things before hidden.</def>

<note>Followed by <i>between</i>, <i>to</i>, or <i>with</i>; as, there is an <i>analogy between</i> these objects, or one thing has an <i>analogy to</i> or <i>with</i> another.</note>

<note>&hand; <i>Analogy</i> is very commonly used to denote similarity or essential resemblance; but its specific meaning is a similarity of <i>relations</i>, and in this consists the difference between the argument from <i>example</i> and that from <i>analogy</i>. In the former, we argue from the mere similarity of two things; in the latter, from the similarity of their <i>relations</i>.</note>

<i>Karslake.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A relation or correspondence in function, between organs or parts which are decidedly different.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Proportion; equality of ratios.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Conformity of words to the genius, structure, or general rules of a language; similarity of origin, inflection, or principle of pronunciation, and the like, as opposed to <plu>an/xex>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<mhw><h1>Analyse, v., Analyser</h1>
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<hw>An"a*lyse</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt>, <hw>An"a*ly`ser</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, etc.</mhw> <def>Same as <plw>Analyze</er>, <er>Analyzer</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Analysis</h1>
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<hw>A*nal"y*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Analyses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to unloose, to dissolve, to resolve into its elements; <?/ up + <?/ to loose. See <er>Loose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A resolution of anything, whether an object of the senses or of the intellect, into its constituent or original elements; an examination of the component parts of a subject, each separately, as the words which compose a sentence, the tones of a tune, or the simple propositions which enter into an argument. It is opposed to <contr>synthesis</contr>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The separation of a compound substance, by chemical processes, into its constituents, with a view to ascertain either <it>(a)</it> what elements it contains, or <it>(b)</it> how much of each element is present. The former is called <stype>qualitative</stype>, and the latter <stype>quantitative analysis</stype>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The tracing of things to their source, and the resolving of knowledge into its original principles.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The resolving of problems by reducing the conditions that are in them to equations.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A syllabus, or table of the principal heads of a discourse, disposed in their natural order.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A brief, methodical illustration of the principles of a science. In this sense it is nearly synonymous with <i>synopsis</i>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>The process of ascertaining the name of a species, or its place in a system of classification, by means of an analytical table or key.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Ultimate</col>, <col>Proximate</col>, <col>Qualitative</col>, <col>Quantitative</col>, and <col>Volumetric analysis</col></mcol>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Ultimate</er>, <er>Proximate</er>, <er>Qualitative</er>, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Analyst</h1>
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<hw>An"a*lyst</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>analyste</ets>. See <er>Analysis</er>.]</ety> <def>One who analyzes; formerly, one skilled in algebraical geometry; now commonly, one skilled in chemical analysis.</def>

<h1>Analytic, Analytical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`a*lyt"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`a*lyt"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>analytique</ets>. See <er>Analysis</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to analysis; resolving into elements or constituent parts; <as>as, an <ex>analytical</ex> experiment; <ex>analytic</ex> reasoning</as>; -- opposed to <contr>synthetic</contr>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Analytical</col> or <col>co\'94rdinate geometry</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Geometry</er>.</cd> -- <col>Analytic language</col>, <cd>a noninflectional language or one not characterized by grammatical endings.</cd> -- <col>Analytical table</col> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a table in which the characteristics of the species or other groups are arranged so as to facilitate the determination of their names.</cd></cs>

<h1>Analytically</h1>
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<hw>An`a*lyt"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an analytical manner.</def>

<h1>Analytics</h1>
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<hw>An`a*lyt"ics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of analysis.</def>

<h1>Analyzable</h1>
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<hw>An"a*ly`za*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be analyzed.</def>

<h1>Analyzation</h1>
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<hw>An`a*ly*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of analyzing, or separating into constituent parts; analysis.</def>

<h1>Analyze</h1>
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<hw>An"a*lyze</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Analyzed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Analyzing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>analyser</ets>. See <er>Analysis</er>.]</ety> <def>To subject to analysis; to resolve (anything complex) into its elements; to separate into the constituent parts, for the purpose of an examination of each separately; to examine in such a manner as to ascertain the elements or nature of the thing examined; <as>as, to <ex>analyze</ex> a fossil substance; to <ex>analyze</ex> a sentence or a word; to <ex>analyze</ex> an action to ascertain its morality.</as></def>

<blockquote>No one, I presume, can <b>analyze</b> the sensations of pleasure or pain.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Analyzer</h1>
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<hw>An"a*ly`zer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, analyzes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The part of a polariscope which receives the light after polarization, and exhibits its properties.</def>

<h1>Anamese</h1>
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<hw>An`a*mese"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Anam, to southeastern Asia.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native of Anam.</def></def2>

<h1>Anamnesis</h1>
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<hw>An`am*ne"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to remind, recall to memory; <?/ + <?/ to put in mind.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A recalling to mind; recollection.</def>

<h1>Anamnestic</h1>
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<hw>An`am*nes"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Aiding the memory; <as>as, <ex>anamnestic</ex> remedies</as>.</def>

<h1>Anamniotic</h1>
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<hw>An*am`ni*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Without, or not developing, an amnion.</def>

<h1>Anamorphism</h1>
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<hw>An`a*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ again + <?/ form.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A distorted image.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A gradual progression from one type to another, generally ascending.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Anamorphosis</h1>
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<hw>An`a*mor"pho*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to form anew; <?/ again + <?/ to form; <?/ form.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Persp.)</fld> <def>A distorted or monstrous projection or representation of an image on a plane or curved surface, which, when viewed from a certain point, or as reflected from a curved mirror or through a polyhedron, appears regular and in proportion; a deformation of an image.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Anamorphism</er>, <er>2</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A morbid or monstrous development, or change of form, or degeneration.</def>

<h1>Anamorphosy</h1>
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<hw>An`a*mor"pho*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Anamorphosis</er>.</def>

<h1>Anan</h1>
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<hw>A*nan"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Anon</er>.]</ety> <def>An expression equivalent to What did you say? Sir? Eh?</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ananas</h1>
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<hw>A*na"nas</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>ananas</ets>, from the native American name.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pineapple <spn>(Ananassa sativa)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Anandrous</h1>
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<hw>An*an"drous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a man.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of stamen<?/ as certain female flowers.</def>

<h1>Anangular</h1>
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<hw>An*an"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + E. <ets>angular</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing no angle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anantherous</h1>
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<hw>An*an"ther*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + E. <ets>anther</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of anthers.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Ananthous</h1>
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<hw>An*an"thous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of flowers; flowerless.</def>

<mhw><h1>Anap\'91st</h1>
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<hw>An`a*p\'91st</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`a*p\'91s"tic<hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>Same as <er>Anapest</er>, <er>Anapestic</er>.</def>

<h1>Anapest</h1>
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<hw>An"a*pest</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anapaestus</ets>, Gr. <?/ an anapest, <it>i.e.</it>, a dactyl reserved, or, as it were, <ets>struck back</ets>; fr. <?/; <?/ back + <?/ to strike.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A metrical foot consisting of three syllables, the first two short, or unaccented, the last long, or accented (#); the reverse of the <i>dactyl</i>. In Latin <i>d<?/-<?/-t\'bes</i>, and in English <i>in-ter-vene<?/</i>, are examples of anapests.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A verse composed of such feet.</def>

<h1>Anapestic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*pes"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anapaesticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to an anapest; consisting of an anapests; <as>as, an <ex>anapestic</ex> meter, foot, verse</as>.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> Anapestic measure or verse.</def></def2>

<h1>Anapestical</h1>
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<hw>An`a*pes"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anapestic.</def>

<h1>Anaphora</h1>
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<hw>A*naph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to carry up or back; <?/ + <?/ to carry.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A repetition of a word or of words at the beginning of two or more successive clauses.</def>

<h1>Anaphrodisia</h1>
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<hw>An*aph`ro*dis"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ sexual pleasure, <?/ the goddess of love.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Absence of sexual appetite.</def>

<h1>Anaphrodisiac</h1>
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<hw>An*aph`ro*dis"i*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ pertaining to venery.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antaphrodisiac</er>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Anaphroditic</h1>
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<hw>An*aph`ro*dit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without love.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Produced without concourse of sexes.</def>

<h1>Anaplastic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to anaplasty.</def>

<h1>Anaplasty</h1>
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<hw>An`a*plas`ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ again + <?/ to form: cf. F. <ets>anaplastie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The art of operation of restoring lost parts or the normal shape by the use of healthy tissue.</def>

<h1>Anaplerotic</h1>
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<hw>An`a*ple*rot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anapleroticus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ to fill up; <?/ + <?/ to fill.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Filling up; promoting granulation of wounds or ulcers.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy which promotes such granulation.</def></def2>

<h1>Anapnograph</h1>
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<hw>A*nap"no*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ respiration + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A form of spirometer.</def>

<h1>Anapnoic</h1>
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<hw>An`ap*no"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ respiration.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relating to respiration.</def>

<h1>Anapodeictic</h1>
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<hw>An*ap`o*deic"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/. See <er>Apodeictic</er>.]</ety> <def>Not apodeictic; undemonstrable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anapophysis</h1>
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<hw>An`a*poph"y*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ back + <?/ offshoot.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An accessory process in many lumbar vertebr\'91.</def>

<h1>Anaptotic</h1>
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<hw>An`ap*tot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ back + <?/ belonging to case.]</ety> <def>Having lost, or tending to lose, inflections by phonetic decay; <as>as, <ex>anaptotic</ex> languages</as>.</def>

<h1>Anaptychus</h1>
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<hw>An*ap"ty*chus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anaptichi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ unfolding; <?/ back + <?/ to fold.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>One of a pair of shelly plates found in some cephalopods, as the ammonites.</def>

<h1>Anarch</h1>
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<hw>An"arch</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without head or chief; <?/ priv. + <?/ beginning, the first place, magistracy, government.]</ety> <def>The author of anarchy; one who excites revolt.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Imperial <b>anarchs</b> doubling human woes.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anarchal</h1>
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<hw>A*nar"chal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lawless; anarchical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>We are in the habit of calling those bodies of men <b>anarchal</b> which are in a state of effervescence.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anarchic, Anarchical</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*nar"chic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*nar"chic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anarchique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to anarchy; without rule or government; in political confusion; tending to produce anarchy; <as>as, <ex>anarchic</ex> despotism; <ex>anarchical</ex> opinions.</as></def>

<h1>Anarchism</h1>
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<hw>An"arch*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anarchisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine or practice of anarchists.</def>

<h1>Anarchist</h1>
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<hw>An"arch*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anarchiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>An anarch; one who advocates anarchy of aims at the overthrow of civil government.</def>

<h1>Anarchize</h1>
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<hw>An"arch*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reduce to anarchy.</def>

<h1>Anarchy</h1>
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<hw>An"arch*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>anarchie</ets>. See <er>Anarch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Absence of government; the state of society where there is no law or supreme power; a state of lawlessness; political confusion.</def>

<blockquote>Spread <b>anarchy</b> and terror all around.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, confusion or disorder, in general.</def>

<blockquote>There being then . . . an <b>anarchy</b>, as I may term it, in authors and their re<?/koning of years.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anarthropoda</h1>
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<hw>An`ar*throp"o*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ without joints + <ets>-poda</ets>. See <er>Anarthrous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the divisions of Articulata in which there are no jointed legs, as the annelids; -- opposed to <i>Arthropoda</i>.</def>

<h1>Anarthropodous</h1>
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<hw>An`ar*throp"o*dous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having no jointed legs; pertaining to Anarthropoda.</def>

<h1>Anarthrous</h1>
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<hw>An*ar"throus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without joints, without the article; <?/ priv. + <?/ joint, the article.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Gram.)</fld> <def>Used without the article; <as>as, an <ex>anarthrous</ex> substantive</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without joints, or having the joints indistinct, as some insects.</def>

<h1>Anas</h1>
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<hw>A"nas</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., duck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of water fowls, of the order Anseres, including certain species of fresh-water ducks.</def>

<h1>Anasarca</h1>
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<hw>An`a*sar"ca</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ throughout + <?/, <?/, flesh.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Dropsy of the subcutaneous cellular tissue; an effusion of serum into the cellular substance, occasioning a soft, pale, inelastic swelling of the skin.</def>

<h1>Anasarcous</h1>
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<hw>An`a*sar"cous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging, or affected by, anasarca, or dropsy; dropsical.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Anastaltic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ <hr>
<page="54">
Page 54<p> fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Anastate</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"a*state</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ up + <?/ to make to stand.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>One of a series of substances formed, in secreting cells, by constructive or anabolic processes, in the production of protoplasm; -- opposed to <i>katastate</i>.</def>

<i>Foster.</i>

<h1>Anastatic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An`a*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ up + <?/ to make to stand: cf. <?/ causing to stand.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a process or a style of printing from characters in relief on zinc plates.</def>

<note>In this process the letterpress, engraving, or design of any kind is transferred to a zinc plate; the parts not covered with ink are eaten out, leaving a facsimile in relief to be printed from.</note>

<h1>Anastomose</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nas"to*mose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. p. p.</tt> <er>Anastomozed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. <?/ vb. n.</tt> <er>Anastomosing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anastomoser</ets>, fr. <ets>anastomose</ets>. See <er>Anastomosis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat. & Bot.)</fld> <def>To inosculate; to intercommunicate by anastomosis, as the arteries and veins.</def>

<blockquote>The ribbing of the leaf, and the <b>anastomosing</b> network of its vessels.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anastomosis</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nas`to*mo"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anastomoses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ opening, fr. <?/ to furnish with a mouth or opening, to open; <?/ + <?/ mouth: cf. F. <ets>anastomose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat. & Bot.)</fld> <def>The inosculation of vessels, or intercommunication between two or more vessels or nerves, as the cross communication between arteries or veins.</def>

<h1>Anastomotic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nas`to*mot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to anastomosis.</def>

<h1>Anastrophe</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nas"tro*phe</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to turn up or back; <?/ + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet. & Gram.)</fld> <def>An inversion of the natural order of words; <as>as, <ex>echoed the hills</ex>, for, the <ex>hills echoed</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Anathema</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nath"e*ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anathemas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anath<?/ma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ anything devoted, esp. to evil, a curse; also L. <ets>anath<?/ma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a votive offering; all fr. <?/ to set up as a votive gift, dedicate; <?/ up + <?/ to set. See <er>Thesis</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A ban or curse pronounced with religious solemnity by ecclesiastical authority, and accompanied by excommunication. Hence: Denunciation of anything as accursed.</def>

<blockquote>[They] denounce <b>anathemas</b> against unbelievers.
<i>Priestley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An imprecation; a curse; a malediction.</def>

<blockquote>Finally she fled to London followed by the <b>anathemas</b> of both [families].
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any person or thing anathematized, or cursed by ecclesiastical authority.</def>

<blockquote>The Jewish nation were an <b>anathema</b> destined to destruction. St. Paul . . . says he could wish, to save them from it, to become an <b>anathema</b>, and be destroyed himself.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Anathema Maranatha</col> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>(see <i>1 Cor. xvi. 22</i>)</ety>, <cd>an expression commonly considered as a highly intensified form of <i>anathema<i>.  <i>Maran atha<i> is now considered as a separate sentence, meaning, "Our Lord cometh."</cd></cs>

<mhw><h1>Anathematic, Anathematical</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nath`e*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*nath`e*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, </mhw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an anathema.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*nath`e*mat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anathematism</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nath"e*ma*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a cursing; cf. F. <ets>anath\'82matisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anathematization.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We find a law of Justinian forbidding <b>anathematisms</b> to be pronounced against the Jewish Hellenists.
<i>J. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anathematization</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nath`e*ma*ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>anathematisatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of anathematizing, or denouncing as accursed; imprecation.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Anathematize</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nath"e*ma*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Anathematized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Anathematizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>anathematizare</ets>, Gr. <?/ to devote, make accursed: cf. F. <ets>anath\'82matiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To pronounce an anathema against; to curse. Hence: To condemn publicly as something accursed.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Anathematizer</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nath"e*ma*ti`zer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pronounces an anathema.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Anatifa</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nat"i*fa</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anatif\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., contr. fr. <ets>anatifera</ets>. See <er>Anatiferous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal of the barnacle tribe, of the genus <spn>Lepas</spn>, having a fleshy stem or peduncle; a goose barnacle. See <er>Cirripedia</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The term <i>Anatif\'91</i>, in the plural, is often used for the whole group of pedunculated cirripeds.</note>

<h1>Anatifer</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nat"i*fer</hw>, <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Anatifa</er>.</def>

<h1>Anatiferous</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An`a*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anas</ets>, <ets>anatis</ets>, a duck + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Producing ducks; -- applied to <i>Anatif\'91</i>, under the absurd notion of their turning into ducks or geese. See <er>Barnacle</er>.</def>

<h1>Anatine</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"a*tine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anatinus</ets>, fr. <ets>anas</ets>, <ets>anatis</ets>, a duck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the ducks; ducklike.</def>

<h1>Anatocism</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nat"o*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anatocismus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ again + <?/ to lend on interest.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Compound interest.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Anatomic, Anatomical</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw><hw>An`a*tom"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`a*tom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anatomicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>anatomique</ets>. See <er>Anatomy</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to anatomy or dissection; <as>as, the <ex>anatomic</ex> art; <ex>anatomical</ex> observations.</as></def>

<i>Hume.</i>

<h1>Anatomically</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An`a*tom"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an anatomical manner; by means of dissection.</def>

<h1>Anatomism</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nat"o*mism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anatomisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The application of the principles of anatomy, as in art.</def>

<blockquote>The stretched and vivid <b>anatomism</b> of their [<it>i. e.</it>, <b>the French</b>] <b>great figure painters</b>.
<i>The London Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The doctrine that the anatomical structure explains all the phenomena of the organism or of animal life.</def>

<h1>Anatomist</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nat"o*mist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anatomiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who is skilled in the art of anatomy, or dissection.</def>

<h1>Anatomization</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nat`o*mi*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of anatomizing.</def>

<h1>Anatomize</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nat"o*mize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Anatomized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Anatomizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anatomiser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dissect; to cut in pieces, as an animal vegetable body, for the purpose of displaying or examining the structure and use of the several parts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To discriminate minutely or carefully; to analyze.</def>

<blockquote>If we <b>anatomize</b> all other reasonings of this nature, we shall find that they are founded on the relation of cause and effect.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anatomizer</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nat"o*mi`zer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dissector.</def>

<h1>Anatomy</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nat"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anatomies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>anatomie</ets>, L. <ets>anatomia</ets>, Gr. <?/ dissection, fr. <?/ to cut up; <?/ + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of dissecting, or artificially separating the different parts of any organized body, to discover their situation, structure, and economy; dissection.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> The science which treats of the structure of organic bodies; anatomical structure or organization.</def>

<blockquote>Let the muscles be well inserted and bound together, according to the knowledge of them which is given us by <b>anatomy</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; "Animal anatomy" is sometimes called <plu>zomy</i>; "vegetable anatomy," <i>phytotomy</i>; "human anatomy," <i>anthropotomy</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Comparative anatomy</col> <cd>compares the structure of different kinds and classes of animals.</cd></cs>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A treatise or book on anatomy.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of dividing anything, corporeal or intellectual, for the purpose of examining its parts; analysis; <as>as, the <ex>anatomy</ex> of a discourse</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A skeleton; anything anatomized or dissected, or which has the appearance of being so.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>anatomy</b> of a little child, representing all parts thereof, is accounted a greater rarity than the skeleton of a man in full stature.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They brought one Pinch, a hungry, lean-faced villain,

A mere <b>anatomy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anatreptic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An`a*trep"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[overturning, fr. <?/ to turn up or over; <?/ + <?/ too turn.]</ety> <def> Overthrowing; defeating; -- applied to Plato's <i>refutative</i> dialogues.</def>

<i>Enfield.</i>

<h1>Anatron</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"a*tron</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anatron</ets>, <ets>natron</ets>, Sp. <ets>anatron</ets>, <ets>natron</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>natr<?/n</ets>. See <er>Natron</er>, <er>Niter</er>.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Native carbonate of soda; natron.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Glass gall or sandiver.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Saltpeter.</def>

<i>Coxe. Johnson.</i>

<h1>Anatropal, Anatropous</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw><hw>A*nat"ro*pal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*nat"ro*pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ up + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the ovule inverted at an early period in its development, so that the chalaza is as the apparent apex; -- opposed to <i>orthotropous</i>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Anatto</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>A*nat"to</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Annotto</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Anbur-y, Ambury</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"bur-y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Am"bur*y</hw><mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ampre</ets>, <ets>ompre</ets>, a crooked swelling vein: cf. Prov. E. <ets>amper</ets> a tumor with inflammation. Cf. the first syllable in <ets>agnail</ets>, and <ets>berry</ets> a fruit.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A soft tumor or bloody wart on horses or oxen.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A disease of the roots of turnips, etc.; -- called also <altname>fingers and toes</altname>.</def>

<h1>ance</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>*ance</hw>. <ety>[F. <ets>-ance</ets>, fr. L. <ets>-antia</ets> and also fr. <ets>-entia</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix signifying action; also, quality or state; <as>as, assist<ex>ance</ex>, resist<ex>ance</ex>, appear<ex>ance</ex>, eleg<ex>ance</ex></as>. See <er>-ancy</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; All recently adopted words of this class take either -<i>ance</i> or -<i>ence</i>, according to the Latin spelling.</note>

<h1>Ancestor</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"ces*tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ancestre</ets>, <ets>auncestre</ets>, also <ets>ancessour</ets>; the first forms fr. OF. <ets>ancestre</ets>, F. <ets>anc\'88tre</ets>, fr. the L. nom. <ets>antessor</ets> one who goes before; the last form fr. OF. <ets>ancessor</ets>, fr. L. acc. <ets>antecessorem</ets>, fr. <ets>antecedere</ets> to go before; <ets>ante</ets> before + <ets>cedere</ets> to go. See <er>Cede</er>, and cf. <er>Antecessor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One from whom a person is descended, whether on the father's or mother's side, at any distance of time; a progenitor; a fore father.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An earlier type; a progenitor; <as>as, this fossil animal is regarded as the <ex>ancestor</ex> of the horse</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One from whom an estate has descended; -- the correlative of <i>heir</i>.</def>

<h1>Ancestorial</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An`ces*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ancestral.</def>

<i>Grote.</i>

<h1>Ancestorially</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An`ces*to"ri*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With regard to ancestors.</def>

<h1>Ancestral</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An*ces"tral</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, derived from, or possessed by, an ancestor or ancestors; <as>as, an <ex>ancestral</ex> estate</as>.</def> "<i>Ancestral</i> trees."

<i>Hemans.</i>

<h1>Ancestress</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"ces*tress</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female ancestor.</def>

<h1>Ancestry</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"ces*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>ancesserie</ets>. See <er>Ancestor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Condition as to ancestors; ancestral lineage; hence, birth or honorable descent.</def>

<blockquote>Title and <b>ancestry</b> render a good man more illustrious, but an ill one more contemptible.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A series of ancestors or progenitors; lineage, or those who compose the line of natural descent.</def>

<h1>Anchor</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"chor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anker</ets>, AS. <ets>ancor</ets>, <ets>oncer</ets>, L. <ets>ancora</ets>, sometimes spelt <ets>anchora</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, akin to E. <ets>angle</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ancre</ets>. See <er>Angle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A iron instrument which is attached to a ship by a cable (rope or chain), and which, being cast overboard, lays hold of the earth by a fluke or hook and thus retains the ship in a particular station.</def>

<note>&hand; The common anchor consists of a straight bar called a <i>shank</i>, having at one end a transverse bar called a <i>stock</i>, above which is a ring for the cable, and at the other end the <i>crown</i>, from which branch out two or more <i>arms</i> with <i>flukes</i>, forming with the shank a suitable angle to enter the ground.</note>

<note>Formerly the largest and strongest anchor was the <i>sheet anchor</i> (hence, <i>Fig</i>., best hope or last refuge), called also <altname>waist anchor</altname>. Now the <i>bower</i> and the <i>sheet anchor</i> are usually alike. Then came the <i>best bower</i> and the <i>small bower</i> (so called from being carried on the bows). The <i>stream anchor</i> is one fourth the weight of the bower anchor. <i>Kedges</i> or <i>kedge anchors</i> are light anchors used in warping.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any instrument or contrivance serving a purpose like that of a ship's anchor, as an arrangement of timber to hold a dam fast; a contrivance to hold the end of a bridge cable, or other similar part; a contrivance used by founders to hold the core of a mold in place.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: That which gives stability or security; that on which we place dependence for safety.</def>

<blockquote>Which hope we have as an <b>anchor</b> of the soul.
<i>Heb. vi. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>An emblem of hope.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A metal tie holding adjoining parts of a building together.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Carved work, somewhat resembling an anchor or arrowhead; -- a part of the ornaments of certain moldings. It is seen in the echinus, or egg-and-anchor (called also <altname>egg-and-dart</altname>, <altname>egg-and-tongue</altname>) ornament.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the anchor-shaped spicules of certain sponges; also, one of the calcareous spinules of certain Holothurians, as in species of <spn>Synapta</spn>.</def>

<cs><col>Anchor ice</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ice</er>.</cd> -- <col>Anchor ring</col>. <cd><fld>(Math.)</fld> Same as <er>Annulus</er>, 2 (b).</cd> -- <col>Anchor stock</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the crossbar at the top of the shank at right angles to the arms.</cd> -- <col>The anchor comes home</col>, <cd>when it drags over the bottom as the ship drifts.</cd> -- <col>Foul anchor</col>, <cd>the anchor when it hooks, or is entangled with, another anchor, or with a cable or wreck, or when the slack cable entangled.</cd> -- <col>The anchor is acockbill</col>, <cd>when it is suspended perpendicularly from the cathead, ready to be let go.</cd> -- <col>The anchor is apeak</col>, <cd>when the cable is drawn in do tight as to bring to ship directly over it.</cd> -- <mcol><col>The anchor is atrip</col>, or <col>aweigh</col></mcol>, <cd>when it is lifted out of the ground.</cd> -- <col>The anchor is awash</col>, <cd>when it is hove up to the surface of the water.</cd> -- <col>At anchor</col>, <cd>anchored.</cd> -- <col>To back an anchor</col>, <cd>to increase the holding power by laying down a small anchor ahead of that by which the ship rides, with the cable fastened to the crown of the latter to prevent its coming home.</cd> -- <col>To cast anchor</col>, <cd>to drop or let go an anchor to keep a ship at rest.</cd> -- <col>To cat the anchor</col>, <cd>to hoist the anchor to the cathead and pass the ring-stopper.</cd> -- <col>To fish the anchor</col>, <cd>to hoist the flukes to their resting place (called the bill-boards), and pass the shank painter.</cd> -- <col>To weigh anchor</col>, <cd>to heave or raise the anchor so as to sail away.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anchor</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"chor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Anchored</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Anchoring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ancrer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place at anchor; to secure by an anchor; <as>as, to <ex>anchor</ex> a ship</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fix or fasten; to fix in a stable condition; <as>as, to <ex>anchor</ex> the cables of a suspension bridge</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Till that my nails were <b>anchored</b> in thine eyes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anchor</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"chor</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cast anchor; to come to anchor; <as>as, our ship (or the captain) <ex>anchored</ex> in the stream</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stop; to fix or rest.</def>

<blockquote>My invention . . . <b>anchors</b> on Isabel.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anchor</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"chor</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anker</ets>, <ets>ancre</ets>, AS. <ets>ancra</ets>, fr. L. <ets>anachoreta</ets>. See <er>Anchoret</er>.]</ety> <def>An anchoret.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Anchorable</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"chor*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fit for anchorage.</def>

<h1>Anchorage</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"chor*age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of anchoring, or the condition of lying at anchor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place suitable for anchoring or where ships anchor; a hold for an anchor.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The set of anchors belonging to a ship.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Something which holds like an anchor; a hold; <as>as, the <ex>anchorages</ex> of the Brooklyn Bridge</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Something on which one may depend for security; ground of trust.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A toll for anchoring; anchorage duties.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Anchorage</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"cho*rage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abode of an anchoret.</def>

<h1>Anchorate</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"chor*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anchor-shaped.</def>

<h1>Anchored</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"chored</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Held by an anchor; at anchor; held safely; <as>as, an <ex>anchored</ex> bark</as>; also, shaped like an anchor; forked; <as>as, an <ex>anchored</ex> tongue</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having the extremities turned back, like the flukes of an anchor; <as>as, an <ex>anchored</ex> cross</as>.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes spelt <asp>ancred</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Anchoress</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"cho*ress</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female anchoret.</def>

<blockquote>And there, a saintly <b>anchoress</b>, she dwelt.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<mhw><h1>Anchoret, Anchorite</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"cho*ret</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"cho*rite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anachor\'8ate</ets>, L. <ets>anachoreta</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to go back, retire; <?/ + <?/ to give place, retire, <?/ place; perh. akin to Skr. <ets>h\'be</ets> to leave. Cf. <er>Anchor</er> a hermit.]</ety> <def>One who renounces the world and secludes himself, usually for religious reasons; a hermit; a recluse.</def> <altsp>[Written by some authors <asp>anachoret</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Our Savior himself . . . did not choose an <b>anchorite's</b> or a monastic life, but a social and affable way of conversing with mortals.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anchoretic, Anchoretical</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw><hw>An`cho*ret"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`cho*ret"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to an anchoret or hermit; after the manner of an anchoret.</def>

<h1>Anchoretish</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"cho*ret`ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hermitlike.</def>

<h1>Anchoretism</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"cho*ret*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice or mode of life of an anchoret.</def>

<h1>Anchor-hold</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"chor-hold`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The hold or grip of an anchor, or that to which it holds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Firm hold: security.</def>

<h1>Anchorite</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"cho*rite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Anchoret</er>.</def>

<h1>Anchoritess</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"cho*ri`tess</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An anchoress.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anchorless</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An"chor*less</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without an anchor or stay. Hence: Drifting; unsettled.</def>

<h1>Anchovy</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 54 fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic. <mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>>

<hw>An*cho"vy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>anchoa</ets>, <ets>anchova</ets>, or Pg. <ets>anchova</ets>, prob. of Iberian origin, and lit. a dried or pickled fish, fr. Bisc. <ets>antzua</ets> dry: cf. D. <ets>anchovis</ets>, F. <ets>anchois</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fish, about three inches in length, of the Herring family <spn>(Engraulis encrasicholus)</spn>, caught in vast numbers in the Mediterranean, and pickled for exportation. The name is also applied to several allied species.</def>

<hr>
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<h1>Anchovy pear</h1>
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<hw>An*cho"vy pear`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A West Indian fruit like the mango in taste, sometimes pickled; also, the tree <spn>(Grias cauliflora)</spn> bearing this fruit.</def>

<h1>Anchusin</h1>
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<hw>An"chu*sin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anchusa</ets> the plant alkanet, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A resinoid coloring matter obtained from alkanet root.</def>

<h1>Anchylose</h1>
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<hw>An"chy*lose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Anchylosed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Anchylosing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ankyloser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To affect or be affected with anchylosis; to unite or consolidate so as to make a stiff joint; to grow together into one.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>ankylose</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Owen.</i>

<mhw><h1>Anchylosis, Ankylosis</h1>
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<hw>An`chy*lo"sis</hw>, <hw>An`ky*lo"sis</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, fr. <?/ to crook, stiffen, fr. <?/ crooked: cf. F. <ets>ankylose</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Stiffness or fixation of a joint; formation of a stiff joint.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The union of two or more separate bones to from a single bone; the close union of bones or other structures in various animals.</def>

<h1>Anchylotic</h1>
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<hw>An`chy*lot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to anchylosis.</def>

<h1>Ancient</h1>
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<hw>An"cient</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>auncien</ets>, F. <ets>ancien</ets>, LL. <ets>antianus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ante</ets> before. See <er>Ante-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Old; that happened or existed in former times, usually at a great distance of time; belonging to times long past; specifically applied to the times before the fall of the Roman empire; -- opposed to <i>modern</i>; <as>as, <ex>ancient</ex> authors, literature, history; <ex>ancient</ex> days.</as></def>

<blockquote>Witness those <b>ancient</b> empires of the earth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Gildas Albanius . . . much <b>ancienter</b> than his namesake surnamed the Wise.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Old; that has been of long duration; of long standing; of great age; <as>as, an <ex>ancient</ex> forest; an <ex>ancient</ex> castle.</as></def> "Our <i>ancient</i> bickerings."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Remove not the <b>ancient</b> landmarks, which thy fathers have set.
<i>Prov. xxii. 28.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An <b>ancient</b> man, strangely habited, asked for quarters.
<i>Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Known for a long time, or from early times; -- opposed to <i>recent</i> or <i>new</i>; <as>as, the <ex>ancient</ex> continent</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A friend, perhaps, or an <b>ancient</b> acquaintance.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Dignified, like an aged man; magisterial; venerable.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>He wrought but some few hours of the day, and then would he seem very grave and <b>ancient</b>.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Experienced; versed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Though [he] was the youngest brother, yet he was the most <b>ancient</b> in the business of the realm.
<i>Berners.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Former; sometime.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They mourned their <b>ancient</b> leader lost.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ancient demesne</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a tenure by which all manors belonging to the crown, in the reign of William the Conqueror, were held. The numbers, names, etc., of these were all entered in a book called <i>Domesday Book<i>.</cd> -- <col>Ancient lights</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>windows and other openings which have been enjoined without molestation for more than twenty years. In England, and in some of the United States, they acquire a prescriptive right.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Old; primitive; pristine; antique; antiquated; old-fashioned; obsolete.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Ancient</er>, <er>Antiquated</er>, <er>Obsolete</er>, <er>Antique</er>, <er>Antic</er>, <er>Old</er>. -- <i>Ancient</i> is opposed to <i>modern</i>, and has antiquity; <as>as, an <ex>ancient</ex> family, <ex>ancient</ex> landmarks, <ex>ancient</ex> institutions, systems of thought, etc.</as>  <i>Antiquated</i> describes that which has gone out of use or fashion; <as>as, <ex>antiquated</ex> furniture, <ex>antiquated</ex> laws, rules, etc.</as>  <i>Obsolete</i> is commonly used, instead of <i>antiquated</i>, in reference to language, customs, etc.; <as>as, an <ex>obsolete</ex> word or phrase, an <ex>obsolete</ex> expression</as>. <i>Antique</i> is applied, in present usage, either to that which has come down from the ancients; <as>as, an <ex>antique</ex> cameo, bust, etc.</as> ; or to that which is made to imitate some ancient work of art; <as>as, an <ex>antique</ex> temple</as>. In the days of Shakespeare, <i>antique</i> was often used for <i>ancient</i>; as, "an <i>antique</i> song," "an <i>antique</i> Roman;" and hence, from singularity often attached to what is ancient, it was used in the sense of grotesque; as, "an oak whose <i>antique</i> root peeps out; " and hence came our present word <i>antic</i>, denoting grotesque or ridiculous.  We usually apply both <i>ancient</i> and <i>old</i> to things subject to gradual decay. We say, an <i>old</i> man, an <i>ancient</i> record; but never, the <i>old</i> stars, an <i>old</i> river or mountain. In general, however, <i>ancient</i> is opposed to <i>modern</i>, and <i>old</i> to <i>new</i>, <i>fresh</i>, or <i>recent</i>. When we speak of a thing that existed formerly, which has ceased to exist, we commonly use <i>ancient</i>; as, <i>ancient</i> republics, <i>ancient</i> heroes; and not <i>old</i> republics, <i>old</i> heroes. But when the thing which began or existed in former times is still in existence, we use either <i>ancient</i> or <i>old</i>; <as>as, <ex>ancient</ex> statues or paintings, or <ex>old</ex> statues or paintings</as>; <i>ancient</i> authors, or <i>old</i> authors, meaning books.</usage>

<h1>Ancient</h1>
<Xpage=55>

<hw>An"cient</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Those who lived in former ages, as opposed to the <i>moderns</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An aged man; a patriarch. Hence: A governor; a ruler; a person of influence.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord will enter into judgment with the <b>ancients</b> of his people, and the princes thereof.
<i>Isa. iii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A senior; an elder; a predecessor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Junius and Andronicus . . . in Christianity . . . were his <b>ancients</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>One of the senior members of the Inns of Court or of Chancery.</def>

<cs><col>Council of Ancients</col> <fld>(French Hist.)</fld>, <cd>one of the two assemblies composing the legislative bodies in 1795.</cd>

<i>Brande.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Ancient</h1>
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<hw>An"cient</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted from <ets>ensign</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ensign or flag.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>More dishonorable ragged than an old-faced <b>ancient</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The bearer of a flag; an ensign.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This is Othello's <b>ancient</b>, as I take it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anciently</h1>
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<hw>An"cient*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In ancient times.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In an ancient manner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ancientness</h1>
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<hw>An"cient*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being ancient; antiquity; existence from old times.</def>

<h1>Ancientry</h1>
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<hw>An"cient*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Antiquity; what is ancient.</def>

<blockquote>They contain not word of <b>ancientry</b>.
<i>West.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Old age; also, old people.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Wronging the <b>ancientry</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Ancient lineage; ancestry; dignity of birth.</def>

<blockquote>A gentleman of more <b>ancientry</b> than estate.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ancienty</h1>
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<hw>An"cient*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anciennet\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>ancien</ets>. See <er>Ancient</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Age; antiquity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Martin.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Seniority.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ancile</h1>
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<hw>An*ci"le</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The sacred shield of the Romans, said to have-fallen from heaven in the reign of Numa. It was the palladium of Rome.</def>

<h1>Ancillary</h1>
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<hw>An"cil*la*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ancillaris</ets>, fr. <ets>ancilla</ets> a female servant.]</ety> <def>Subservient or subordinate, like a handmaid; auxiliary.</def>

<blockquote>The Convocation of York seems to have been always considered as inferior, and even <b>ancillary</b>, to the greater province.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ancille</h1>
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<hw>An*cille"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ancelle</ets>, L. <ets>ancilla</ets>.]</ety> <def>A maidservant; a handmaid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ancipital, Ancipitous</h1>
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<hw><hw>An*cip"i*tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*cip"i*tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anceps</ets>, <ets>ancipitis</ets>, two-headed, double; <ets>an-</ets> for <ets>amb-</ets> on both sides + <ets>caput</ets> head.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Two-edged instead of round; -- said of certain flattened stems, as those of blue grass, and rarely also of leaves.</def>

<h1>Ancistroid</h1>
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<hw>An*cis"troid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ a hook + <?/ shape.]</ety> <def>Hook-shaped.</def>

<h1>Ancle</h1>
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<hw>An"cle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ankle</er>.</def>

<h1>Ancome</h1>
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<hw>An"come</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ancuman</ets>, <ets>oncuman</ets>, to come.]</ety> <def>A small ulcerous swelling, coming suddenly; also, a whitlow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boucher.</i>

<h1>Ancon</h1>
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<hw>An"con</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; L. <plu>pl. <plw>Ancones</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ the bent arm, elbow; any hook or bend.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The olecranon, or the elbow.</def>

<cs><col>Ancon sheep</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a breed of sheep with short crooked legs and long back. It originated in Massachusetts in 1791; -- called also the <altname>otter breed</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ancon, Ancone</h1>
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<hw><hw>An"con</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"cone</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ancon</er>, above.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The corner or quoin of a wall, cross-beam, or rafter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Gwilt</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A bracket supporting a cornice; a console.</def>

<h1>Anconal, Anconeal</h1>
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<hw><hw>An"co*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*co"ne*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the ancon or elbow.</def>  "The olecranon on <i>anconeal</i> process."

<i>Flower.</i>

<h1>Anconeus</h1>
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<hw>An*co"ne*us</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>ancon</ets> elbow.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle of the elbow and forearm.</def>

<h1>Anconoid</h1>
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<hw>An"co*noid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Elbowlike; anconal.</def>

<h1>Ancony</h1>
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<hw>An"co*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Origin unknown.]</ety> <fld>(Iron Work)</fld> <def>A piece of malleable iron, wrought into the shape of a bar in the middle, but unwrought at the ends.</def>

<h1>-ancy</h1>
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<hw>-an*cy</hw>. <ety>[L. -<ets>antia</ets>.-]</ety> <def>A suffix expressing more strongly than -<i>ance</i> the idea of quality or state; <as>as, const<ex>ancy</ex>, buoy<ex>ancy</ex>, inf<ex>ancy</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>And</h1>
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<hw>And</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>and</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>endi</ets>, Icel. <ets>enda</ets>, OHG. <ets>anti</ets>, <ets>enti</ets>, <ets>inti</ets>, <ets>unti</ets>, G. <ets>und</ets>, D. <ets>en</ets>, OD. <ets>ende</ets>. Cf, <er>An</er> if, <er>Ante-</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A particle which expresses the relation of connection or addition. It is used to conjoin a word with a word, a clause with a clause, or a sentence with a sentence.</def>

<note>(a) It is sometimes used emphatically; as, "there are women <i>and</i> women," that is, two very different sorts of women.

(b) By a rhetorical figure, notions, one of which is modificatory of the other, are connected by <i>and</i>; as, "the <i>tediousness and</i> process of my travel," that is, the tedious process, etc.; "thy fair <i>and outward</i> character," that is, thy outwardly fair character,

<i>Schmidt's Shak. Lex.</i></note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In order to; -- used instead of the infinitival <i>to</i>, especially after <i>try</i>, <i>come</i>, <i>go</i>.</def>

<blockquote>At least to try <b>and</b> teach the erring soul.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>It is sometimes, in old songs, a mere expletive.</def>

<blockquote>When that I was <b>and</b> a little tiny boy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>If; though. See <er>An</er>, <tt>conj.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>As they will set an house on fire, <b>and</b> it were but to roast their eggs.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>And so forth</col>, <cd>and others; and the rest; and similar things; and other things or ingredients. The abbreviation, <i>etc.<i> (<i>et cetera<i>), or <i>&c.<i>, is usually read <i>and so forth<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Andabatism</h1>
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<hw>An"da*ba*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>andabata</ets> a kind of Roman gladiator, who fought hoodwinked.]</ety> <def>Doubt; uncertainty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shelford.</i>

<h1>Andalusite</h1>
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<hw>An`da*lu"site</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A silicate of aluminium, occurring usually in thick rhombic prisms, nearly square, of a grayish or pale reddish tint. It was first discovered in Andalusia, Spain.</def>

<h1>Andante</h1>
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<hw>An*dan"te</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>andante</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>andare</ets> to go.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Moving moderately slow, but distinct and flowing; quicker than larghetto, and slower than allegretto.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A movement or piece in andante time.</def></def2>

<h1>Andantino</h1>
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<hw>An`dan*ti"no</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It., dim. of <ets>andante</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Rather quicker than andante; between that allegretto.</def>

<note>&hand; Some, taking <i>andante</i> in its original sense of "going," and <i>andantino</i> as its diminutive, or "less going," define the latter as slower than <i>andante</i>.</note>

<h1>Andarac</h1>
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<hw>An"da*rac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>sandarac</ets>.]</ety> <def>Red orpiment.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Andean</h1>
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<hw>An*de"an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the Andes.</def>

<h1>Andesine</h1>
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<hw>An"des*ine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A kind of triclinic feldspar found in the <i>Andes</i>.</def>

<h1>Andesite</h1>
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<hw>An"des*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An eruptive rock allied to trachyte, consisting essentially of a triclinic feldspar, with pyroxene, hornblende, or hypersthene.</def>

<h1>Andine</h1>
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<hw>An"dine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Andean; <as>as, <ex>Andine</ex> flora</as>.</def>

<h1>Andiron</h1>
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<hw>And"i`ron</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anderne</ets>, <ets>aunderne</ets>, <ets>aundyre</ets>, OF. <ets>andier</ets>, F. <ets>landier</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>andena</ets>, <ets>andela</ets>, <ets>anderia</ets>, of unknown origin. The Eng. was prob. confused with <ets>brand</ets>-<ets>iron</ets>, AS. <ets>brand</ets>-<ets>\'c6sen</ets>.]</ety> <def>A utensil for supporting wood when burning in a fireplace, one being placed on each side; a firedog; <as>as, a pair of <ex>andirons</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Andranatomy</h1>
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<hw>An`dra*nat"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, man + <?/: cf. F. <ets>andranatomie</ets>. See <er>Anatomy</er>, <er>Androtomy</er>.]</ety> <def>The dissection of a human body, especially of a male; androtomy.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Andr\'d2cium</h1>
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<hw>An*dr\'d2"ci*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, <?/, man + <?/ house.]</ety> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>The stamens of a flower taken collectively.</def>

<h1>Androgyne</h1>
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<hw>An"dro*gyne</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An hermaphrodite.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An androgynous plant.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Androgynous, Androgynal</h1>
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<hw><hw>An*drog"y*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*drog"y*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>androgynus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, man + <?/ woman: cf. F. <ets>androgyne</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Uniting both sexes in one, or having the characteristics of both; being in nature both male and female; hermaphroditic.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<blockquote>The truth is, a great mind must be <b>androgynous</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing both staminiferous and pistilliferous flowers in the same cluster.</def>

<h1>Androgyny, Androgynism</h1>
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<hw><hw>An*drog"y*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*drog"y*nism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Union of both sexes in one individual; hermaphroditism.</def>

<h1>Android,  Androides</h1>
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<hw><hw>An"droid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,  <hw>An*droi"des</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of man's form; <?/, <?/, man + <?/ form.]</ety> <def>A machine or automaton in the form of a human being.</def>

<h1>Android</h1>
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<hw>An"droid</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a man.</def>

<h1>Andromeda</h1>
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<hw>An*drom"e*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, the daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia. When bound to a rock and exposed to a sea monster, she was delivered by Perseus.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A northern constellation, supposed to represent the mythical Andromeda.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of ericaceous flowering plants of northern climates, of which the original species was found growing on a rock surrounded by water.</def>

<h1>Andron</h1>
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<hw>An"dron</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>andron</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, man.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. & Rom. Arch.)</fld> <def>The apartment appropriated for the males. This was in the lower part of the house.</def>

<h1>Andropetalous</h1>
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<hw>An`dro*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, man + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Produced by the conversion of the stamens into petals, as double flowers, like the garden ranunculus.</def>

<i>Brande.</i>

<h1>Androphagi</h1>
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<hw>An*droph"a*gi</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, man + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <def>Cannibals; man-eaters; anthropophagi.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Androphagous</h1>
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<hw>An*droph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anthropophagous.</def>

<h1>Androphore</h1>
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<hw>An"dro*phore</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, man + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A support or column on which stamens are raised.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The part which in some Siphonophora bears the male gonophores.</def>

<h1>Androsphinx</h1>
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<hw>An"dro*sphinx</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, man + <?/ sphinx.]</ety> <fld>(Egypt. Art.)</fld> <def>A man sphinx; a sphinx having the head of a man and the body of a lion.</def>

<h1>Androspore</h1>
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<hw>An"dro*spore</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a man + <?/ a seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A spore of some alg\'91, which has male functions.</def>

<h1>Androtomous</h1>
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<hw>An*drot"o*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the filaments of the stamens divided into two parts.</def>

<h1>Androtomy</h1>
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<hw>An*drot"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, man + <?/ a cutting. Cf. <er>Anatomy</er>.]</ety> <def>Dissection of the human body, as distinguished from <i>zo\'94tomy</i>; anthropotomy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>androus</h1>
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<hw>*an"drous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a man.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A terminal combining form: Having a stamen or stamens; staminate; <as>as, mon<ex>androus</ex>, with one stamen; poly<ex>androus</ex>, with many stamens.</as></def>

<h1>Anear</h1>
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<hw>A*near"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep. & adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>near</ets>.]</ety> <def>Near.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "It did not come <i>anear</i>."

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<blockquote>The measure of misery <b>anear</b> us.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anear</h1>
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<hw>A*near"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To near; to approach.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Aneath</h1>
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<hw>A*neath"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep. & adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>neath</ets> for <ets>beneath</ets>.]</ety> <def>Beneath.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Anecdotage</h1>
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<hw>An"ec*do`tage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anecdotes collectively; a collection of anecdotes.</def>

<blockquote>All history, therefore, being built partly, and some of it altogether, upon <b>anecdotage</b>, must be a tissue of lies.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anecdotal</h1>
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<hw>An"ec*do`tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or abounding with, anecdotes; <as>as, <ex>anecdotal</ex> conversation</as>.</def>

<h1>Anecdote</h1>
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<hw>An"ec*dote</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anecdote</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ not published; <?/ priv. + <?/ given out, <?/ to give out, to publish; <?/ out + <?/ to give. See <er>Dose</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Unpublished narratives.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A particular or detached incident or fact of an interesting nature; a biographical incident or fragment; a single passage of private life.</def>

<h1>Anecdotic, Anecdotical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`ec*dot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`ec*dot"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, consisting of, or addicted to, anecdotes.</def>  "<i>Anecdotical</i> traditions."

<i>Bolingbroke.</i>

<h1>Anecdotist</h1>
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<hw>An"ec*do"tist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who relates or collects anecdotes.</def>

<h1>Anelace</h1>
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<hw>An"e*lace</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Anlace</er>.</def>

<h1>Anele</h1>
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<hw>A*nele"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anelien</ets>; <ets>an</ets> on + AS. <ets>ele</ets> oil, L. <ets>oleum</ets>. See <er>Oil</er>, <er>Anoil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To anoint.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give extreme unction to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. of Brunne.</i>

<h1>Anelectric</h1>
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<hw>An`e*lec"tric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + E. <ets>electric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Not becoming electrified by friction; -- opposed to <i>idioelectric</i>.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A substance incapable of being electrified by friction.</def></def2>

<i>Faraday.</i>

<h1>Anelectrode</h1>
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<hw>An`e*lec"trode</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ up + E. <ets>electrode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The positive pole of a voltaic battery.</def>

<h1>Anelectrotonus</h1>
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<hw>An`e*lec*trot"o*nus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ up + E. <ets>electrotonus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The condition of decreased irritability of a nerve in the region of the positive electrode or anode on the passage of a current of electricity through it.</def>

<i>Foster.</i>

<h1>Anemogram</h1>
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<hw>A*nem"o*gram</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wind + <ets>-gram</ets>.]</ety> <def>A record made by an anemograph.</def>

<h1>Anemograph</h1>
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<hw>A*nem"o*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wind + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring and recording the direction and force of the wind.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<hr>
<page="56">
Page 56<p>

<h1>Anemographic</h1>
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<hw>A*nem`o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Produced by an anemograph; of or pertaining to anemography.</def>

<h1>Anemography</h1>
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<hw>An`e*mog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wind + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A description of the winds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The art of recording the direction and force of the wind, as by means of an anemograph.</def>

<h1>Anemology</h1>
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<hw>An`e*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wind + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of the wind.</def>

<h1>Anemometer</h1>
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<hw>An`e*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wind + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the force or velocity of the wind; a wind gauge.</def>

<h1>Anemometric, Anemometrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`e*mo*met"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`e*mo*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to anemometry.</def>

<h1>Anemometrograph</h1>
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<hw>An`e*mo*met"ro*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Anemometer</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An anemograph.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Anemometry</h1>
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<hw>An`e*mom"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of ascertaining the force or velocity of the wind.</def>

<h1>Anemone</h1>
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<hw>A*nem"o*ne</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anemone</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ wind.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants of the <i>Ranunculus</i> or Crowfoot family; windflower. Some of the species are cultivated in gardens.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sea anemone. See <er>Actinia</er>, and <er>Sea anemone</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; This word is sometimes pronounced <i><?/n<?/<?/-m<?/<?/-n<?/</i>, especially by classical scholars.</note>

<h1>Anemonic</h1>
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<hw>An`e*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An acrid, poisonous, crystallizable substance, obtained from, the anemone, or from anemonin.</def>

<h1>Anemonin</h1>
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<hw>A*nem"o*nin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An acrid, poisonous, crystallizable substance, obtained from some species of anemone.</def>

<h1>Anemony</h1>
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<hw>A*nem"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Anemone</er>.</def>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Anemorphilous</h1>
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<hw>An`e*morph"i*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wind + <?/ lover.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Fertilized by the agency of the wind; -- said of plants in which the pollen is carried to the stigma by the wind; wind-Fertilized.</def>

<i>Lubbock.</i>

<h1>Anemoscope</h1>
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<hw>A*nem"o*scope</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wind + -scope: cf. F. <ets>an\'82moscope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument which shows the direction of the wind; a wind vane; a weathercock; -- usually applied to a contrivance consisting of a vane above, connected in the building with a dial or index with pointers to show the changes of the wind.</def>

<h1>Anencephalic, Anencephalous</h1>
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<hw><hw>An*en`ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`en*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, priv. + <?/ the brain: cf. <er>Encephalon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without a brain; brainless.</def>

<i>Todd & B.</i>

<h1>Anenst, Anent</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*nenst"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*nent"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anent</ets>, <ets>anentis</ets>, <ets>anence</ets>, <ets>anens</ets>, <ets>anents</ets>, AS. <ets>onefen</ets>, <ets>onemn</ets>; <ets>an</ets>, <ets>on</ets>, on + <ets>efen</ets> even, equal; hence meaning, on an equality with, even with, beside. See <er>Even</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Over against; <as>as, he lives <ex>anent</ex> the church</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>About; concerning; in respect; <as>as, he said nothing <ex>anent</ex> this particular</as>.</def>

<h1>Anenterous</h1>
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<hw>An*en"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ intestine, <?/ within, <?/ in.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Destitute of a stomach or an intestine.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Aneroid</h1>
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<hw>An"e*roid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ wet, moist + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>an\'82ro\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing no liquid; -- said of kind of barometer.</def>

<cs><col>Aneroid barometer</col>, <cd>a barometer the action of which depends on the varying pressure of the atmosphere upon the elastic top of a metallic box (shaped like a watch) from which the air has been exhausted. An index shows the variation of pressure.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aneroid</h1>
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<hw>An"e*roid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An aneroid barometer.</def>

<h1>Anes</h1>
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<hw>Anes</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Once.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<mhw><h1>Anesthesia, n., Anesthetic</h1>
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<hw>An`es*the"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>An`es*thet"ic</hw> (#)</mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>An\'91sthesia</er>, <er>An\'91sthetic</er>.</def>

<h1>Anet</h1>
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<hw>An"et</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aneth</ets>, fr. L. <ets>anethum</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Anise</er>.]</ety> <def>The herb dill, or dillseed.</def>

<h1>Anethol</h1>
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<hw>An"e*thol</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aneth</ets>um (see <er>Anise</er>) + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance obtained from the volatile oils of anise, fennel, etc., in the form of soft shining scales; -- called also <altname>anise camphor</altname>.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Anetic</h1>
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<hw>A*net"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aneticus</ets>, Gr. <?/ relaxing; <?/ back + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Soothing.</def>

<h1>Aneurism</h1>
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<hw>An"eu*rism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a widening, an opening; <?/ up + <?/ wide.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A soft, pulsating, hollow tumor, containing blood, arising from the preternatural dilation or rupture of the coats of an artery.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>aneurysm</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Aneurismal</h1>
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<hw>An`eu*ris"mal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an aneurism; <as>as, an <ex>aneurismal</ex> tumor; <ex>aneurismal</ex> diathesis.</as></def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>aneurysmal</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Anew</h1>
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<hw>A*new"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>new</ets>.]</ety> <def>Over again; another time; in a new form; afresh; <as>as, to arm <ex>anew</ex>; to create <ex>anew</ex>.</as></def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Anfractuose</h1>
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<hw>An*frac"tu*ose`</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Anfractuous</er>.]</ety> <def>Anfractuous; <as>as, <ex>anfractuose</ex> anthers</as>.</def>

<h1>Anfractuosity</h1>
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<hw>An*frac`tu*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><plu>; l</i>. <plw>Anfractuosities</plw> (#)</plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anfractuosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A state of being anfractuous, or full of windings and turnings; sinuosity.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>anfractuosities</b> of his intellect and temper.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A sinuous depression or sulcus like those separating the convolutions of the brain.</def>

<h1>Anfractuous</h1>
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<hw>An*frac"tu*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anfractuosus</ets>, fr. <ets>anfractus</ets> a turning, a winding, fr. the unused <ets>anfringere</ets> to wind, bend; <ets>an-</ets>, for <ets>amb-</ets> + <ets>fractus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>frangere</ets> to break: cf. F. <ets>anfractueux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Winding; full of windings and turnings; sinuous; tortuous; <as>as, the <ex>anfractuous</ex> spires of a born</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An*frac"tu*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anfracture</h1>
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<hw>An*frac"ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mazy winding.</def>

<h1>Angariation</h1>
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<hw>An*ga"ri*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>angariatio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>angaria</ets> service to a lord, villenage, fr. <ets>anga<?/<?/us</ets>, Gr. <?/ (a Persian word), a courier for carrying royal dispatches.]</ety> <def>Exaction of forced service; compulsion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Speed.</i>

<mhw><h1>Angeiology, n., Angeiotomy</h1>
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<hw>An`gei*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>An`gei*ot"o*my</hw>, etc.</mhw> <def>Same as <er>Angiology</er>, <er>Angiotomy</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Angel</h1>
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<hw>An"gel</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'91angel</ets>, <ets>engel</ets>, influenced by OF. <ets>angele</ets>, <ets>angle</ets>, F. <ets>ange</ets>. Both the AS. and the OF. words are from L. <ets>angelus</ets>, Gr. <?/ messenger, a messenger of God, an angel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A messenger.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The dear good <b>angel</b> of the Spring,
The nightingale.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A spiritual, celestial being, superior to man in power and intelligence. In the Scriptures the angels appear as God's messengers.</def>

<blockquote>O, welcome, pure-eyed Faith, white-handed Hope,
Thou hovering <b>angel</b>, girt with golden wings.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of a class of "fallen angels;" an evil spirit; <as>as, the devil and his <ex>angels</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A minister or pastor of a church, as in the Seven Asiatic churches.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Unto-the <b>angel</b> of the church of Ephesus write.
<i>Rev. ii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Attendant spirit; genius; demon.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An appellation given to a person supposed to be of angelic goodness or loveliness; a darling.</def>

<blockquote>When pain and anguish wring the brow.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Numis.)</fld> <def>An ancient gold coin of England, bearing the figure of the archangel Michael. It varied in value from 6<i>s</i>. 8<i>d</i>. to 10<i>s</i>.</def>

<i>Amer. Cyc.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Angel</i> is sometimes used adjectively; as, <i>angel</i> grace; <i>angel</i> whiteness.</note>

<cs><col>Angel bed</col>, <cd>a bed without posts.</cd> -- <col>Angel fish</col>. <cd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> A species of shark <spn>(Squatina angelus)</spn> from six to eight feet long, found on the coasts of Europe and North America. It takes its name from its pectoral fins, which are very large and extend horizontally like wings when spread. <sd>(b)</sd> One of several species of compressed, bright colored fishes warm seas, belonging to the family, <spn>Ch\'91todontid\'91</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Angel gold</col>, <cd>standard gold. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Fuller</i>.</cd> -- <col>Angel shark</col>. <cd>See <er>Angel fish</er>.</cd> -- <col>Angel shot</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of chain shot.</cd> -- <col>Angel water</col>, <cd>a perfumed liquid made at first chiefly from <i>angelica<i>; afterwards containing rose, myrtle, and orange-flower waters, with ambergris, etc. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Angelage</h1>
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<hw>An"gel*age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Existence or state of angels.</def>

<h1>Angelet</h1>
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<hw>An"gel*et</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>angelet</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small gold coin formerly current in England; a half angel.</def>

<i>Eng. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Angel fish</h1>
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<hw>An"gel fish</hw>. <def> See under <er>Angel</er>.</def>

<h1>Angelhood</h1>
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<hw>An"gel*hood</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being an angel; angelic nature.</def>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Angelic, Angelical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An*gel"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*gel"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>angelicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>ang\'82lique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or proceeding from, angels; resembling, characteristic of, or partaking of the nature of, an angel; heavenly; divine.</def>   "<i>Angelic</i> harps." <i>Thomson</i>."<i>Angelical</i> actions." <i>Hooker</i>.

<blockquote>The union of womanly tenderness and <b>angelic</b> patience.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Angelic Hymn</col>, <cd>a very ancient hymn of the Christian Church; -- so called from its beginning with the song of the heavenly host recorded in Luke ii. 14.</cd></cs>

<i>Eadie.</i>

<h1>Angelic</h1>
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<hw>An*gel"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Angelica</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or derived from angelica; <as>as, <ex>angelic</ex> acid; <ex>angelic</ex> ether.</as></def>

<cs><col>Angelic acid</col>, <cd>an acid obtained from angelica and some other plants.</cd></cs>

<h1>Angelica</h1>
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<hw>An*gel"i*ca</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Angelic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An aromatic umbelliferous plant (<spn>Archangelica officinalis</spn> or <spn>Angelica archangelica</spn>) the leaf stalks of which are sometimes candied and used in confectionery, and the roots and seeds as an aromatic tonic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The candied leaf stalks of angelica.</def>

<cs><col>Angelica tree</col>, <cd>a thorny North American shrub <spn>(Aralia spinosa)</spn>, called also <altname>Hercules' club</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Angelically</h1>
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<hw>An*gel"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Like an angel.</def>

<h1>Angelicalness</h1>
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<hw>An*gel"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being angelic; excellence more than human.</def>

<h1>Angelify</h1>
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<hw>An*gel"i*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make like an angel; to angelize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Farindon (1647).</i>

<h1>Angelize</h1>
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<hw>An"gel*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To raise to the state of an angel; to render angelic.</def>

<blockquote>It ought not to be our object to <b>angelize</b>, nor to brutalize, but to humanize man.
<i>W. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Angellike</h1>
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<hw>An"gel*like`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Resembling an angel.</def>

<h1>Angelolatry</h1>
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<hw>An`gel*ol"a*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ angel + <?/ service, worship.]</ety> <def>Worship paid to angels.</def>

<h1>Angelology</h1>
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<hw>An`gel*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>angelus</ets>, Gr. <?/ + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A discourse on angels, or a body of doctrines in regard to angels.</def>

<blockquote>The same mythology commanded the general consent; the same <b>angelology</b>, demonology.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Angelophany</h1>
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<hw>An`gel*oph"a*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ angel + <?/ to appear.]</ety> <def>The actual appearance of an angel to man.</def>

<h1>Angelot</h1>
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<hw>An"ge*lot</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>angelot</ets>, LL. <ets>angelotus</ets>, <ets>angellotus</ets>, dim. of <ets>angelus</ets>. See <er>Angel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A French gold coin of the reign of Louis XI., bearing the image of St. Michael; also, a piece coined at Paris by the English under Henry VI.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument of music, of the lute kind, now disused.</def>

<i>Johnson. R. Browning.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sort of small, rich cheese, made in Normandy.</def>

<h1>Angelus</h1>
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<hw>An"ge*lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A form of devotion in which three Ave Marias are repeated. It is said at morning, noon, and evening, at the sound of a bell.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The Angelus bell.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Anger</h1>
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<hw>An"ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anger</ets>, <ets>angre</ets>, affliction, anger, fr. Icel. <ets>angr</ets> affliction, sorrow; akin to Dan. <ets>anger</ets> regret, Swed. <ets>\'86nger</ets> regret, AS. <ets>ange</ets> oppressed, sad, L. <ets>angor</ets> a strangling, anguish, <ets>angere</ets> to strangle, Gr. <?/ to strangle, Skr. <ets>amhas</ets> pain, and to. <ets>anguish</ets>, <ets>anxious</ets>, <ets>quinsy</ets>, and perh. <ets>awe</ets>, <ets>ugly</ets>. The word seems to have orig. meant to <ets>choke</ets>, <ets>squeeze</ets>. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Trouble; vexation; also, physical pain or smart of a sore, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I made the experiment, setting the moxa where . . . the greatest <b>anger</b> and soreness still continued.
<i>Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A strong passion or emotion of displeasure or antagonism, excited by a real or supposed injury or insult to one's self or others, or by the intent to do such injury.</def>

<blockquote><b>Anger</b> is like
A full hot horse, who being allowed his way,
Self-mettle tires him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Resentment; wrath; rage; fury; passion; ire gall; choler; indignation; displeasure; vexation; grudge; spleen.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Anger</er>, <er>Indignation</er>, <er>Resentment</er>, <er>Wrath</er>, <er>Ire</er>, <er>Rage</er>, <er>Fury</er>. <i>Anger</i> is a feeling of keen displeasure (usually with a desire to punish) for what we regard as wrong toward ourselves or others. It may be excessive or misplaced, but is not necessarily criminal. <i>Indignation</i> is a generous outburst of anger in view of things which are <i>indigna</i>, or unworthy to be done, involving what is mean, cruel, flagitious, etc., in character or conduct. <i>Resentment</i> is often a moody feeling, leading one to brood over his supposed personal wrongs with a deep and lasting anger. See <er>Resentment</er>. <i>Wrath</i> and <i>ire</i> (the last poetical) express the feelings of one who is bitterly provoked. <i>Rage</i> is a vehement ebullition of anger; and <i>fury</i> is an excess of rage, amounting almost to madness. Warmth of constitution often gives rise to <i>anger</i>; a high sense of honor creates <i>indignation</i> at crime; a man of quick sensibilities is apt to cherish <i>resentment</i>; the <i>wrath</i> and <i>ire</i> of men are often connected with a haughty and vindictive spirit; <i>rage</i> and <i>fury</i> are distempers of the soul to be regarded only with abhorrence.</usage>

<h1>Anger</h1>
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<hw>An"ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Angered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Angering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>angra</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make painful; to cause to smart; to inflame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He . . . <b>angereth</b> malign ulcers.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To excite to anger; to enrage; to provoke.</def>

<blockquote>Taxes and impositions . . . which rather <b>angered</b> than grieved the people.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Angerly</h1>
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<hw>An"ger*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Angrily.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Why, how now, Hecate! you look <b>angerly</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Angevine</h1>
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<hw>An"ge*vine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>Angevin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Anjou in France. -- <tt>n.</tt> A native of Anjou.</def>

<h1>Angienchyma</h1>
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<hw>An`gi*en"chy*ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ receptacle + <?/. Formed like <er>Parenchyma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Vascular tissue of plants, consisting of spiral vessels, dotted, barred, and pitted ducts, and laticiferous vessels.</def>

<h1>Angina</h1>
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<hw>An*gi"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>angere</ets> to strangle, to choke. See <er>Anger</er>, n.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any inflammatory affection of the throat or faces, as the quinsy, malignant sore throat, croup, etc., especially such as tends to produce suffocation, choking, or shortness of breath.</def>

<cs><col>Angina pectoris</col> <tt>(#)</tt>, <cd>a peculiarly painful disease, so named from a sense of suffocating contraction or tightening of the lower part of the chest; -- called also <altname>breast pang</altname>, <altname>spasm of the chest</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anginous, Anginose</h1>
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<hw><hw>An"gi*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"gi*nose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to angina or angina pectoris.</def>

<h1>Angio-</h1>
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<hw>An"gi*o-</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ vessel receptacle.]</ety> <def>A prefix, or combining form, in numerous compounds, usually relating to seed or blood vessels, or to something contained in, or covered by, a vessel.</def>

<h1>Angiocarpous</h1>
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<hw>An`gi*o*car"pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having fruit inclosed within a covering that does not form a part of itself; <as>as, the filbert covered by its husk, or the acorn seated in its cupule</as>. <i>Brande & C.</i></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having the seeds or spores covered, as in certain lichens.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Angiofraphy</h1>
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<hw>An`gi*of"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>angiographie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A description of blood vessels and lymphatics.</def>

<h1>Angiology</h1>
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<hw>An`gi*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>That part of anatomy which treats of blood vessels and lymphatics.</def>

<h1>Angioma</h1>
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<hw>An`gi*o"ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets></[Angio-</ets> + <ets>-oma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A tumor composed chiefly of dilated blood vessels.</def>

<h1>Angiomonospermous</h1>
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<hw>An`gi*o*mon`o*sper"mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + <ets>monospermous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing one seed only in a seed pod.</def>

<h1>Angioscope</h1>
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<hw>An"gi*o*scope</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for examining the capillary vessels of animals and plants.</def>

<i>Morin.</i>

<h1>Angiosperm</h1>
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<hw>An"gi*o*sperm</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant which has its seeds inclosed in a pericarp.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is restricted to exogenous plants, and applied to one of the two grand divisions of these species, the other division including gymnosperms, or those which have naked seeds. The oak, apple, beech, etc., are <i>angiosperms</i>, while the pines, spruce, hemlock, and the allied varieties, are <i>gymnosperms</i>.</note>

<h1>Angiospermatous</h1>
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<hw>An`gi*o*sper"ma*tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Angiospermous</er>.</def>

<h1>Angiospermous</h1>
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<hw>An`gi*o*sper"mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having seeds inclosed in a pod or other pericarp.</def>

<h1>Angiosporous</h1>
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<hw>An`gi*os"po*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having spores contained in cells or thec\'91, as in the case of some fungi.</def>

<h1>Angiostomous</h1>
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<hw>An`gi*os"to*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>With a narrow mouth, as the shell of certain gastropods.</def>

<h1>Angiotomy</h1>
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<hw>An`gi*ot"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a cutting.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Dissection of the blood vessels and lymphatics of the body.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<-- p. 57  -->

<h1>Angle</h1>
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<hw>An"gle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>angle</ets>, L. <ets>angulus</ets> angle, corner; akin to <ets>uncus</ets> hook, Gr. <?/ bent, crooked, angular, <?/ a bend or hollow, AS. <ets>angel</ets> hook, fish-hook, G. <ets>angel</ets>, and F. <ets>anchor</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The inclosed space near the point where two lines; a corner; a nook.</def>

<blockquote>Into the utmost <b>angle</b> of the world.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To search the tenderest <b>angles</b> of the heart.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The figure made by. two lines which meet.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The difference of direction of two lines. In the lines meet, the point of meeting is the vertex of the angle.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A projecting or sharp corner; an angular fragment.</def>

<blockquote>Though but an <b>angle</b> reached him of the stone.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>A name given to four of the twelve astrological "houses."</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <ety>[AS. <ets>angel</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fishhook; tackle for catching fish, consisting of a line, hook, and bait, with or without a rod.</def>

<blockquote>Give me mine <b>angle</b>: we 'll to the river there.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A fisher next his trembling <b>angle</b> bears.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Acute angle</col>, <cd>one less than a right angle, or less than 90&deg;.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Adjacent</col> or <col>Contiguous angles</col></mcol>, <cd>such as have one leg common to both angles.</cd> -- <col>Alternate angles</col>. <cd>See <er>Alternate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Angle bar</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> An upright bar at the angle where two faces of a polygonal or bay window meet. <i>Knight<i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> Same as <er>Angle iron</er>.</cd> -- <col>Angle bead</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a bead worked on or fixed to the angle of any architectural work, esp. for protecting an angle of a wall.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Angle brace</col>, <col>Angle tie</col></mcol> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a brace across an interior angle of a wooden frame, forming the hypothenuse and securing the two side pieces together.</cd> <i>Knight</i>. -- <col>Angle iron</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a rolled bar or plate of iron having one or more angles, used for forming the corners, or connecting or sustaining the sides of an iron structure to which it is riveted.</cd> -- <col>Angle leaf</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a detail in the form of a leaf, more or less conventionalized, used to decorate and sometimes to strengthen an angle.</cd> -- <col>Angle meter</col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring angles, esp. for ascertaining the dip of strata.</cd> -- <col>Angle shaft</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an enriched angle bead, often having a capital or base, or both.</cd> -- <col>Curvilineal angle</col>, <cd>one formed by two curved lines.</cd> -- <col>External angles</col>, <cd>angles formed by the sides of any right-lined figure, when the sides are produced or lengthened.</cd> -- <col>Facial angle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Facial</er>.</cd> -- <col>Internal angles</col>, <cd>those which are within any right-lined figure.</cd> -- <col>Mixtilineal angle</col>, <cd>one formed by a right line with a curved line.</cd> -- <col>Oblique angle</col>, <cd>one acute or obtuse, in opposition to a <i>right angle<i>.</cd> -- <col>Obtuse angle</col>, <cd>one greater than a right angle, or more than 90&deg;.</cd> -- <col>Optic angle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Optic</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Rectilineal</col> or <col>Right-lined angle</col></mcol>, <cd>one formed by two right lines.</cd> -- <col>Right angle</col>, <cd>one formed by a right line falling on another perpendicularly, or an angle of 90&deg; (measured by a quarter circle).</cd> -- <col>Solid angle</col>, <cd>the figure formed by the meeting of three or more plane angles at one point.</cd> -- <col>Spherical angle</col>, <cd>one made by the meeting of two arcs of great circles, which mutually cut one another on the surface of a globe or sphere.</cd> -- <col>Visual angle</col>, <cd>the angle formed by two rays of light, or two straight lines drawn from the extreme points of an object to the center of the eye.</cd> -- <mcol><col>For Angles of commutation</col>, <col>draught</col>, <col>incidence</col>, <col>reflection</col>, <col>refraction</col>, <col>position</col>, <col>repose</col>, <col>fraction</col></mcol>, <cd>see <er>Commutation</er>, <er>Draught</er>, <er>Incidence</er>, <er>Reflection</er>, <er>Refraction</er>, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Angle</h1>
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<hw>An"gle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Angled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Angling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fish with an angle (fishhook), or with hook and line.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To use some bait or artifice; to intrigue; to scheme; <as>as, to <ex>angle</ex> for praise</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The hearts of all that he did <b>angle</b> for.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Angle</h1>
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<hw>An"gle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To try to gain by some insinuating artifice; to allure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "He <i>angled</i> the people's hearts."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Angled</h1>
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<hw>An"gled</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having an angle or angles; -- used in compounds; <as>as, right-<ex>angled</ex>, many-<ex>angled</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>The thrice three-<b>angled</b> beechnut shell.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anglemeter</h1>
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<hw>An"gle*me`ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angle</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument to measure angles, esp. one used by geologists to measure the dip of strata.</def>

<h1>Angler</h1>
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<hw>An"gler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who angles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish <spn>(Lophius piscatorius)</spn>, of Europe and America, having a large, broad, and depressed head, with the mouth very large. Peculiar appendages on the head are said to be used to entice fishes within reach. Called also <altname>fishing frog</altname>, <altname>frogfish</altname>, <altname>toadfish</altname>, <altname>goosefish</altname>, <altname>allmouth</altname>, <altname>monkfish</altname>, etc.</def>

<h1>Angles</h1>
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<hw>An"gles</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Angli</ets>. See <er>Anglican</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>An ancient Low German tribe, that settled in Britain, which came to be called <i>Engla</i>-<i>land</i> (Angleland or England). The Angles probably came from the district of <i>Angeln</i> (now within the limits of Schleswig), and the country now Lower Hanover, etc.</def>

<h1>Anglesite</h1>
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<hw>An"gle*site</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the Isle of <ets>Anglesea</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A native sulphate of lead. It occurs in white or yellowish transparent, prismatic crystals.</def>

<h1>Anglewise</h1>
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<hw>An"gle*wise`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angle</ets> + <ets>wise</ets>, OE. <ets>wise</ets> manner.]</ety> <def>In an angular manner; angularly.</def>

<h1>Angleworm</h1>
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<hw>An"gle*worm`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A earthworm of the genus <spn>Lumbricus</spn>, frequently used by anglers for bait. See <er>Earthworm</er>.</def>

<h1>Anglian</h1>
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<hw>An"gli*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Angles.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One of the Angles.</def></def2>

<h1>Anglic</h1>
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<hw>An"glic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anglian.</def>

<h1>Anglican</h1>
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<hw>An"gli*can</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Angli</ets> the Angles, a Germanic tribe in Lower Germany. Cf.</tt> <er>English</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>English; of or pertaining to England or the English nation; especially, pertaining to, or connected with, the established church of England; <as>as, the <ex>Anglican</ex> church, doctrine, orders, ritual, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, characteristic of, or held by, the high church party of the Church of England.</def>

<h1>Anglican</h1>
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<hw>An"gli*can</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A member of the Church of England.</def>

<blockquote>Whether Catholics, <b>Anglicans</b>, or Calvinists.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a restricted sense, a member of the High Church party, or of the more advanced ritualistic section, in the Church of England.</def>

<h1>Anglicanism</h1>
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<hw>An"gli*can*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Strong partiality to the principles and rites of the Church of England.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The principles of the established church of England; also, in a restricted sense, the doctrines held by the high-church party.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Attachment to England or English institutions.</def>

<h1>Anglice</h1>
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<hw>An"gli*ce</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>In English; in the English manner; <as>as, Livorno, <ex>Anglice</ex> Leghorn</as>.</def>

<h1>Anglicify</h1>
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<hw>An*glic"i*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Anglicus</ets> English + <er>-fly</er>.]</ety> <def>To anglicize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anglicism</h1>
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<hw>An"gli*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anglicisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An English idiom; a phrase or form language peculiar to the English.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of being English; an English characteristic, custom, or method.</def>

<h1>Anglicity</h1>
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<hw>An*glic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being English.</def>

<h1>Anglicization</h1>
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<hw>An`gli*ci*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of anglicizing, or making English in character.</def>

<h1>Anglicize</h1>
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<hw>An"gli*cize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Anglicized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Anglicizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make English; to English; to anglify; render conformable to the English idiom, or to English analogies.</def>

<h1>Anglify</h1>
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<hw>An"gli*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Anglified</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Anglifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>Angli + -fly</ets>.]</ety> <def>To convert into English; to anglicize.</def>

<i>Franklin. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Angling</h1>
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<hw>An"gling</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of one who angles; the art of fishing with rod and line.</def>

<i>Walton.</i>

<h1>Anglo-</h1>
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<hw>An"glo-</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Anglus</ets> English. See <er>Anglican</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form meaning the same as <i>English</i>; or <i>English and</i>, or <i>English conjoined with</i>; <as>as, <ex>Anglo-</ex>Turkish treaty, <ex>Anglo-</ex>German, <ex>Anglo-</ex>Irish</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Anglo-American</col>, <tt>.</tt> <cd>Of or pertaining to the English and Americans, or to the descendants of Englishmen in America.</cd> -- <tt>n.</tt> <cd>A descendant from English ancestors born in America, or the United States.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Anglo-Danish</col>, <tt>a.</tt> <cd>Of or pertaining to the English and Danes, or to the Danes who settled in England.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Anglo-Indian</col>, <tt>a.</tt> <cd>Of or pertaining to the English in India, or to the English and East Indian peoples or languages. -- <tt>n.</tt> <cd>One of the Anglo-Indian race born or resident in the East Indies.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Anglo-Norman</col>, <tt>a.</tt> <cd>Of or pertaining to the English and Normans, or to the Normans who settled in England. -- <tt>n.</tt> <cd>One of the English Normans, or the Normans who conquered England.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Anglo-Saxon</col>. <cd>See <er>Anglo-Saxon</er> in the Vocabulary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anglo-Catholic</h1>
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<hw>An"glo-Cath"o*lic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt>, <def>Of or pertaining to a church modeled on the English Reformation; Anglican; -- sometimes restricted to the ritualistic or High Church section of the Church of England.</def>

<h1>Anglo-Catholic</h1>
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<hw>An"glo-Cath"o*lic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A member of the Church of England who contends for its catholic character; more specifically, a High Churchman.</def>

<h1>Anglomania</h1>
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<hw>An"glo*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Anglo'cf</ets> + <ets>mania</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mania for, or an inordinate attachment to, English customs, institutions, etc.</def>

<h1>Anglomaniac</h1>
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<hw>An`glo*ma"ni*ac</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One affected with Anglomania.</def>

<h1>Anglophobia</h1>
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<hw>An`glo*pho"bi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Anglo- + Gr. <?/ fear.]</ety> <def>Intense dread of, or aversion to, England or the English.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An"glo*phobe</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anglo-Saxon</h1>
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<hw>An"glo-Sax"on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Angli</ets>-<ets>Saxones</ets> English Saxons.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A Saxon of Britain, that is, an <i>English Saxon</i>, or one the Saxons who settled in England, as distinguished from a continental (or "Old") Saxon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <def>The Teutonic people (Angles, Saxons, Jutes) of England, or the English people, collectively, before the Norman Conquest.</def>

<blockquote>It is quite correct to call \'92thelstan "King of the <b>Anglo-Saxons</b>," but to call this or that subject of \'92thelstan "an <b>Anglo-Saxon</b>" is simply nonsense.
<i>E. A. Freeman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The language of the English people before the Conquest (sometimes called <i>Old English</i>). See <er>Saxon</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One of the race or people who claim descent from the Saxons, Angles, or other Teutonic tribes who settled in England; a person of English descent in its broadest sense.</def>

<h1>Anglo-Saxon</h1>
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<hw>An"glo-Sax"on</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Anglo-Saxons or their language.</def>

<h1>Anglo-Saxondom</h1>
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<hw>An"glo-Sax"on*dom</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Anglo-Saxon domain (i. e., Great Britain and the United States, etc.); the Anglo-Saxon race.</def>

<h1>Anglo-Saxonism</h1>
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<hw>An"glo-Sax"on*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon race; especially, a word or an idiom of the Anglo-Saxon tongue.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality or sentiment of being Anglo-Saxon, or English in its ethnological sense.</def>

<h1>Angola</h1>
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<hw>An*go"la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>Angora</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fabric made from the wool of the Angora goat.</def>

<h1>Angola pea</h1>
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<hw>An*go"la pea`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tropical plant <spn>(Cajanus indicus)</spn> and its edible seed, a kind of pulse; -- so called from <ets>Angola</ets> in Western Africa. Called also <altname>pigeon pea</altname> and <altname>Congo pea</altname>.</def>

<h1>Angor</h1>
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<hw>An"gor</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Anger</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Great anxiety accompanied by painful constriction at the upper part of the belly, often with palpitation and oppression.</def>

<h1>Angora</h1>
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<hw>An*go"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A city of Asia Minor (or Anatolia) which has given its name to a goat, a cat, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Angora cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of the domestic cat with very long and silky hair, generally of the brownish white color. Called also <altname>Angola cat</altname>. See <er>Cat</er>.</cd> -- <col>Angora goat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of the domestic goat, reared for its long silky hair, which is highly prized for manufacture.</cd></cs>

<h1>Angostura bark</h1>
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<hw>An`gos*tu"ra bark"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[From <ets>Angostura</ets>, in Venezuela.]</ety> <def>An aromatic bark used as a tonic, obtained from a South American of the rue family <spn>(Galipea cusparia, or officinalis)</spn>.</def>

<i>U. S. Disp.</i>

<h1>Angoumois moth</h1>
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<hw>An`gou`mois" moth"</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>. <ety>[So named from <ets>Angoumois</ets> in France.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small moth <spn>(Gelechia cerealella)</spn> which is very destructive to wheat and other grain. The larva eats out the inferior of the grain, leaving only the shell.</def>

<h1>Angrily</h1>
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<hw>An"gri*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an angry manner; under the influence of anger.</def>

<h1>Angriness</h1>
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<hw>An"gri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being angry, or of being inclined to anger.</def>

<blockquote>Such an <b>angriness</b> of humor that we take fire at everything.
<i>Whole Duty of Man.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Angry</h1>
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<hw>An"gry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Angrier</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Angriest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Anger</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>God had provided a severe and <b>angry</b> education to chastise the forwardness of a young spirit.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inflamed and painful, as a sore.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Touched with anger; under the emotion of anger; feeling resentment; enraged; -- followed generally by <i>with</i> before a person, and <i>at</i> before a thing.</def>

<blockquote>Be not grieved, nor <b>angry</b> with yourselves.
<i>Gen. xlv. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wherefore should God be <b>angry</b> at thy voice?
<i>Eccles. v. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Showing anger; proceeding from anger; acting as if moved by anger; wearing the marks of anger; <as>as, <ex>angry</ex> words or tones; an <ex>angry</ex> sky; <ex>angry</ex> waves.</as></def> "An <i>angry</i> countenance."

<i>Prov. xxv. 23.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Red.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sweet rose, whose hue, <b>angry</b> and brave.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Sharp; keen; stimulated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I never ate with <b>angrier</b> appetite.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Passionate; resentful; irritated; irascible; indignant; provoked; enraged; incensed; exasperated; irate; hot; raging; furious; wrathful; wroth; choleric; inflamed; infuriated.</syn>

<h1>Anguiform</h1>
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<hw>An"gui*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>angius</ets> snake + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Snake-shaped.</def>

<h1>Anguilliform</h1>
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<hw>An*guil"li*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anguilla</ets> eel (dim. of <ets>anguis</ets> snake) + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Eel-shaped.</def>

<note>&hand; The "<i>Anguill\'91formes</i>" of Cuvier are fishes related to thee eel.</note>

<h1>Anguine</h1>
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<hw>An"guine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anguinus</ets>, fr. <ets>anguis</ets> snake.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a snake or serpent.</def> "The <i>anguine</i> or snakelike reptiles."

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Anguineal</h1>
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<hw>An*guin"e*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anguineous.</def>

<h1>Anguineous</h1>
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<hw>An*guin"e*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anguineus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Snakelike.</def>

<h1>Anguish</h1>
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<hw>An"guish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anguishe</ets>, <ets>anguise</ets>, <ets>angoise</ets>, F. <ets>angoisse</ets>, fr. L. <ets>angustia</ets> narrowness, difficulty, distress, fr. <ets>angustus</ets> narrow, difficult, fr. <ets>angere</ets> to press together. See <er>Anger</er>.]</ety> <def>Extreme pain, either of body or mind; excruciating distress.</def>

<blockquote>But they hearkened not unto Moses for <b>anguish</b> of spirit, and for cruel bondage.
<i>Ex. vi. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Anguish</b> as of her that bringeth forth her first child.
<i>Jer. iv. 31.</i></blockquote>

<note>Rarely used in the plural: -

<blockquote>Ye miserable people, you must go to God in <b>anguishes</b>, and make your prayer to him.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote></note>

<syn>Syn. -- Agony; pang; torture; torment. See <er>Agony</er>.</syn>

<h1>Anguish</h1>
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<hw>An"guish</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>angoisser</ets>, fr. L. <ets>angustiare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To distress with extreme pain or grief.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Temple.</i>

<h1>Angular</h1>
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<hw>An"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>angularis</ets>, fr. <ets>angulus</ets> angle, corner. See <er>Angle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to an angle or to angles; having an angle or angles; forming an angle or corner; sharp-cornered; pointed; <as>as, an <ex>angular</ex> figure</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Measured by an angle; <as>as, <ex>angular</ex> distance</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: Lean; lank; raw-boned; ungraceful; sharp and stiff in character; <as>as, remarkably <ex>angular</ex> in his habits and appearance; an <ex>angular</ex> female.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Angular aperture</col>, <col>Angular distance</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Aperture</er>, <er>Distance</er>.</cd> -- <col>Angular motion</col>, <cd>the motion of a body about a fixed point or fixed axis, as of a planet or pendulum. It is equal to the angle passed over at the point or axis by a line drawn to the body.</cd> -- <col>Angular point</col>, <cd>the point at which the sides of the angle meet; the vertex.</cd> -- <col>Angular velocity</col>, <cd>the ratio of anuglar motion to the time employed in describing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Angular</h1>
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<hw>An"gu*lar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bone in the base of the lower jaw of many birds, reptiles, and fishes.</def>

<h1>Angularity</h1>
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<hw>An`gu*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being angular; angularness.</def>

<h1>Angularly</h1>
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<hw>An"gu*lar*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an angular manner; with of at angles or corners.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Angularness</h1>
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<hw>An"gu*lar*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being angular.</def>

<h1>Angulate, Angulated</h1>
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<hw><hw>An"gu*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"gu*la`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>angulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>angulare</ets> to make angular.]</ety> <def>Having angles or corners; angled; <as>as, <ex>angulate</ex> leaves</as>.</def>

<h1>Angulate</h1>
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<hw>An"gu*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make angular.</def>

<h1>Angulation</h1>
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<hw>An`gu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A making angular; angular formation.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Angulo-dentate</h1>
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<hw>An"gu*lo-den"tate</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>angulus</ets> angle + <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Angularly toothed, as certain leaves.</def>

<h1>Angulometer</h1>
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<hw>An"gu*lom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>angulus</ets> angle + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring external angles.</def>

<h1>Angulose</h1>
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<hw>An"gu*lose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Angulous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Angulosity</h1>
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<hw>An`gu*los"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being angulous or angular.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Angulous</h1>
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<hw>An"gu*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>angulosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anguleux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Angular; having corners; hooked.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Held together by hooks and <b>angulous</b> involutions.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Angust</h1>
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<hw>An*gust"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>angustus</ets>. See <er>Anguish</er>.]</ety> <def>Narrow; strait.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Angustate</h1>
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<hw>An*gus"tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>angustatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>angustare</ets> to make narrow.]</ety> <def>Narrowed.</def>

<h1>Angustation</h1>
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<hw>An`gus*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or making narrow; a straitening or contacting.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<-- p. 58  -->

<h1>Angustifoliate, Angustifolious</h1>
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<hw><hw>An*gus`ti*fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*gus`ti*fo"li*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>angustus</ets> narrow (see <er>Anguish</er>) + <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having narrow leaves.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Angustura bark</h1>
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<hw>An`gus*tu"ra bark`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>See <er>Angostura bark</er>.</def>

<h1>Angwantibo</h1>
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<hw>An`gwan*ti"bo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small lemuroid mammal (<spn>Arctocebus Calabarensis</spn>) of Africa. It has only a rudimentary tail.</def>

<h1>Anhang</h1>
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<hw>An*hang"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>onhangian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To hang.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Anharmonic</h1>
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<hw>An`har*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anharmonique</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ harmonic.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Not harmonic.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>The anharmonic function</col> or <col>ratio</col></mcol> of four points <i>abcd<i> on a straight line is <cd>the quantity <mathex>(<ratio>ac/ad</ratio>):(<ratio>bc/bd</ratio>)</mathex>, where the segments are to regarded as plus or minus, according to the order of the letters.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anhelation</h1>
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<hw>An`he*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anhelatio</ets>, fr. <ets>anhelare</ets> to pant; <ets>an</ets> (perh. akin to E. <ets>on</ets>) + <ets>halare</ets> to breathe: cf. F. <ets>anh\'82lation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Short and rapid breathing; a panting; asthma.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Anhele</h1>
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<hw>An*hele"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>aneler</ets>, <ets>anheler</ets>. See <er>Anhelation</er>.]</ety> <def>To pant; to be breathlessly anxious or eager (<i>for</i>).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They <b>anhele</b> . . . for the fruit of our convocation.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anhelose</h1>
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<hw>An"he*lose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anhelous; panting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anhelous</h1>
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<hw>An*he"lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anhelus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Short of breath; panting.</def>

<h1>Anhima</h1>
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<hw>An"hi*ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Brazilian name.]</ety> <def>A South American aquatic bird; the horned screamer or kamichi (<spn>Palamedea cornuta</spn>). See <er>Kamichi</er>.</def>

<h1>Anhinga</h1>
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<hw>An*hin"ga</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An aquatic bird of the southern United States <spn>(Platus anhinga)</spn>; the darter, or snakebird.</def>

<h1>Anhistous</h1>
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<hw>An*his"tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ web, tissue: cf. F. <ets>anhiste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Without definite structure; <as>as, an <ex>anhistous</ex> membrane</as>.</def>

<h1>Anhungered</h1>
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<hw>An*hun"gered</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ahungered; longing.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Anhydride</h1>
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<hw>An*hy"dride</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Anhydrous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oxide of a nonmetallic body or an organic radical, capable of forming an acid by uniting with the elements of water; -- so called because it may be formed from an acid by the abstraction of water.</def>

<h1>Anhydrite</h1>
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<hw>An*hy"drite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Anhydrous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a white a slightly bluish color, usually massive. It is anhydrous sulphate of lime, and differs from gypsum in not containing water (whence the name).</def>

<h1>Anhydrous</h1>
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<hw>An*hy"drous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wanting water; <?/ priv. + <?/ water.]</ety> <def>Destitute of water; <as>as, <ex>anhydrous</ex> salts or acids</as>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Ani  or Ano</h1>
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<hw>A"ni</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> or <hw>A"no</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A black bird of tropical America, the West Indies and Florida <spn>(Crotophaga ani)</spn>, allied to the cuckoos, and remarkable for communistic nesting.</def>

<mhw><h1>Anicut, Annicut</h1>
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<hw>An"i*cut</hw>, <hw>An"ni*cut</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Tamil <ets>anai kattu</ets> dam building.]</ety> <def>A dam or mole made in the course of a stream for the purpose of regulating the flow of a system of irrigation.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Anidimatical</h1>
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<hw>An*id`i*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + E. <ets>idiomatical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not idiomatic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Landor.</i>

<h1>Anient, Anientise</h1>
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<hw><hw>An"i*ent</hw>, <hw>An`i*en"tise</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>anientir</ets>, F. <ets>an\'82antir</ets>.]</ety> <def>To frustrate; to bring to naught; to annihilate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Anigh</h1>
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<hw>A*nigh"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep. & adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>nigh</ets>.]</ety> <def>Nigh.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Anight, Anights</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*night"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*nights"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>on niht</ets>.] <def> In the night time; at night.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Does he hawk <b>anights</b> still?
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anil</h1>
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<hw>An"il</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anil</ets>, Sp. <ets>an\'c6l</ets>, or Pg. <ets>anil</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>an</ets>-<ets>n\'c6l</ets>, for <ets>al</ets>-<ets>n\'c6l</ets> the indigo plant, fr. Skr. <ets>n\'c6la</ets> dark blue, <ets>n\'c6l\'c6</ets> indigo, indigo plant. Cf. <er>Lilac</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A West Indian plant <spn>(Indigofera anil)</spn>, one of the original sources of indigo; also, the indigo dye.</def>

<h1>Anile</h1>
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<hw>An"ile</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anilis</ets>, fr. <ets>anus</ets> an old woman.]</ety> <def>Old-womanish; imbecile.</def> "<i>Anile</i> ideas."

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Anileness</h1>
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<hw>An"ile*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anility.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anilic</h1>
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<hw>An*il"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, anil; indigotic; -- applied to an acid formed by the action of nitric acid on indigo.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anilide</h1>
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<hw>An"i*lide</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a class of compounds which may be regarded as amides in which more or less of the hydrogen has been replaced by phenyl.</def>

<h1>Aniline</h1>
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<hw>An"i*line</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Anil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An organic base belonging to the phenylamines. It may be regarded as ammonia in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced by the radical phenyl. It is a colorless, oily liquid, originally obtained from indigo by distillation, but now largely manufactured from coal tar or nitrobenzene as a base from which many brilliant dyes are made.</def>

<h1>Aniline</h1>
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<hw>An"i*line</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made from, or of the nature of, aniline.</def>

<h1>Anility</h1>
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<hw>A*nil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anilitas</ets>. See <er>Anile</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being and old woman; old-womanishness; dotage.</def> "Marks of <i>anility</i>."

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Animadversal</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mad*ver"sal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The faculty of perceiving; a percipient.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Animadversion</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mad*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>animadversio</ets>, fr. <ets>animadvertere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>animadversion</ets>. See <er>Animadvert</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or power of perceiving or taking notice; direct or simple perception.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The soul is the sole percipient which hath <b>animadversion</b> and sense, properly so called.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Monition; warning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Remarks by way of criticism and usually of censure; adverse criticism; reproof; blame.</def>

<blockquote>He dismissed their commissioners with severe and sharp <b>animadversions</b>.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Judicial cognizance of an offense; chastisement; punishment.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "Divine animadversions."

<i>Wesley.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Stricture; criticism; censure; reproof; blame; comment.</syn>

<h1>Animadversive</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mad*ver"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the power of perceiving; percipient.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<blockquote>I do not mean there is a certain number of ideas glaring and shining to the <b>animadversive</b> faculty.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Animadvert</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mad*vert"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Animadverted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Animadverting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.  <ets>animadvertere</ets>; <ets>animus</ets> mind + <ets>advertere</ets> to turn to; <ets>ad</ets> to + <ets>vertere</ets> to turn.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take notice; to observe; -- commonly followed by <i>that</i>.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To consider or remark by way of criticism or censure; to express censure; -- with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<blockquote>I should not <b>animadvert</b> on him . . . if he had not used extreme severity in his judgment of the incomparable Shakespeare.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take cognizance judicially; to inflict punishment.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Grew.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To remark; comment; criticise; censure.</syn>

<h1>Animadverter</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mad*vert"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who animadverts; a censurer; also <mark>[Obs.]</mark>, a chastiser.</def>

<h1>Animal</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>anima</ets> breath, soul: cf. F. <ets>animal</ets>. See <er>Animate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An organized living being endowed with sensation and the power of voluntary motion, and also characterized by taking its food into an internal cavity or stomach for digestion; by giving carbonic acid to the air and taking oxygen in the process of respiration; and by increasing in motive power or active aggressive force with progress to maturity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the lower animals; a brute or beast, as distinguished from man; <as>as, men and <ex>animals</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Animal</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mal</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>animal</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or relating to animals; <as>as, <ex>animal</ex> functions</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a creature, as distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or spiritual part; <as>as, the <ex>animal</ex> passions or appetites</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Consisting of the flesh of animals; <as>as, <ex>animal</ex> food</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Animal magnetism</col>. <cd>See <er>Magnetism</er> and <er>Mesmerism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Animal electricity</col>, <cd>the electricity developed in some animals, as the electric eel, torpedo, etc.</cd> -- <col>Animal flower</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to certain marine animals resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or sea anemone, and other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes, etc.</cd> -- <col>Animal heat</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the heat generated in the body of a living animal, by means of which the animal is kept at nearly a uniform temperature.</cd> -- <col>Animal spirits</col>. <cd>See under <er>Spirit</er>.</cd> -- <col>Animal kingdom</col>, <cd>the whole class of beings endowed with animal life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under these there are Classes, Orders, Families, Genera, Species, and sometimes intermediate groupings, all in regular subordination, but variously arranged by different writers.</cd></cs> <note>The following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms, and the principal classes under them, generally recognized at the present time: -

<er>Vertebrata</er>, including <spn>Mammalia</spn> or <i>Mammals</i>, <spn>Aves</spn> or <i>Birds</i>, <spn>Reptilia</spn>, <spn>Amphibia</spn>, <spn>Pisces</spn> or <i>Fishes</i>, <spn>Marsipobranchiata</spn> (<spn>Craniota</spn>); and <spn>Leptocardia</spn> (<spn>Acrania</spn>).

<er>Tunicata</er>, including the <spn>Thaliacea</spn>, and <spn>Ascidioidea</spn> or <i>Ascidians</i>.

<er>Articulata</er> or <er>Annulosa</er>, including <spn>Insecta</spn>, <spn>Myriapoda</spn>, <spn>Malacapoda</spn>, <spn>Arachnida</spn>, <spn>Pycnogonida</spn>, <spn>Merostomata</spn>, <spn>Crustacea</spn> (<spn>Arthropoda</spn>); and <spn>Annelida</spn>, <spn>Gehyrea</spn> (<spn>Anarthropoda</spn>).

<er>Helminthes</er> or <er>Vermes</er>, including <spn>Rotifera</spn>, <spn>Ch\'91tognatha</spn>, <spn>Nematoidea</spn>, <spn>Acanthocephala</spn>, <spn>Nemertina</spn>, <spn>Turbellaria</spn>, <spn>Trematoda</spn>, <spn>Cestoidea</spn>, <spn>Mesozea</spn>.

<er>Molluscoidea</er>, including <spn>Brachiopoda</spn> and <spn>Bryozoa</spn>.

<er>Mollusca</er>, including <spn>Cephalopoda</spn>, <spn>Gastropoda</spn>, <spn>Pteropoda</spn>, <spn>Scaphopoda</spn>, <spn>Lamellibranchiata</spn> or <spn>Acephala</spn>.

<er>Echinodermata</er>, including <spn>Holothurioidea</spn>, <spn>Echinoidea</spn>, <spn>Asterioidea</spn>, <spn>Ophiuroidea</spn>, and <spn>Crinoidea</spn>.

<er>C\'d2lenterata</er>, including <spn>Anthozoa</spn> or <spn>Polyps</spn>, <spn>Ctenophora</spn>, and <spn>Hydrozoa</spn> or <i>Acalephs</i>.

<er>Spongiozoa</er> or <er>Porifera</er>, including the sponges.

<er>Protozoa</er>, including <spn>Infusoria</spn> and <spn>Rhizopoda</spn>.

For definitions, see these names in the Vocabulary.</note>

<h1>Animalcular, Animalculine</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`i*mal"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`i*mal"cu*line</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, animalcules.</def> "<i>Animalcular</i> life."

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Animalcule</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mal"cule</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[As if fr. a L. <ets>animalculum</ets>, dim. of <ets>animal</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small animal, as a fly, spider, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal, invisible, or nearly so, to the naked eye. See <er>Infusoria</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; Many of the so-called <i>animalcules</i> have been shown to be plants, having locomotive powers something like those of animals. Among these are <i>Volvox</i>, the <i>Desmidiac\'91</i>, and the siliceous <i>Diatomace\'91</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Spermatic animalcules</col>. <cd>See <er>Spermatozoa</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Animalculism</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mal"cu*lism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>animalculisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The theory which seeks to explain certain physiological and pathological by means of animalcules.</def>

<h1>Animalculist</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mal"cu*list</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>animalculiste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One versed in the knowledge of animalcules.</def>

<i>Keith.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A believer in the theory of animalculism.</def>

<h1>Animalculum</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mal"cu*lum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Animalcula</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Animalcule</er>.]</ety> <def>An animalcule.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Animalcul\'91</i>, as if from a Latin singular <i>animalcula</i>, is a barbarism.</note>

<h1>Animalish</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mal*ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like an animal.</def>

<h1>Animalism</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mal*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>animalisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state, activity, or enjoyment of animals; mere animal life without intellectual or moral qualities; sensuality.</def>

<h1>Animality</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>animalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Animal existence or nature.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Animalization</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mal*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>animalisation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of animalizing; the giving of animal life, or endowing with animal properties.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conversion into animal matter by the process of assimilation.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Animalize</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mal*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Animalized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Animalizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>animaliser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To endow with the properties of an animal; to represent in animal form.</def>

<i>Warburton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To convert into animal matter by the processes of assimilation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To render animal or sentient; to reduce to the state of a lower animal; to sensualize.</def>

<blockquote>The unconscious irony of the Epicurean poet on the <b>animalizing</b> tendency of his own philosophy.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Animally</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Physically.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Animalness</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mal*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Animality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Animastic</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anima</ets> breath, life.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to mind or spirit; spiritual.</def>

<h1>Animastic</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mas"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Psychology.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Animate</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Animated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Animating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>animatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>animare</ets>, fr. <ets>anima</ets> breath, soul; akin to <ets>animus</ets> soul, mind, Gr. <?/ wind, Skr. <ets>an</ets> to breathe, live, Goth. <ets>us</ets>-<ets>anan</ets> to expire (<ets>us-</ets> out), Icel. <ets>\'94nd</ets> breath, <ets>anda</ets> to breathe, OHG. <ets>ando</ets> anger. Cf. <er>Animal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give natural life to; to make alive; to quicken; <as>as, the soul <ex>animates</ex> the body</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give powers to, or to heighten the powers or effect of; <as>as, to <ex>animate</ex> a lyre</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give spirit or vigor to; to stimulate or incite; to inspirit; to rouse; to enliven.</def>

<blockquote>The more to <b>animate</b> the people, he stood on high . . . and cried unto them with a loud voice.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To enliven; inspirit; stimulate; exhilarate; inspire; instigate; rouse; urge; cheer; prompt; incite; quicken; gladden.</syn>

<h1>Animate</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>animatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Endowed with life; alive; living; animated; lively.</def>

<blockquote>The admirable structure of <b>animate</b> bodies.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Animated</h1>
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<hw>An"i*ma`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Endowed with life; full of life or spirit; indicating animation; lively; vigorous.</def>   "<i>Animated</i> sounds." <i>Pope</i>. "<i>Animated</i> bust." <i>Gray</i>. "<i>Animated</i> descriptions." <i>Lewis</i>.

<h1>Animatedly</h1>
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<hw>An"i*ma`ted*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With animation.</def>

<h1>Animater</h1>
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<hw>An"i*ma`ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who animates.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Animating</h1>
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<hw>An"i*ma"ting</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing animation; life-giving; inspiriting; rousing.</def>   "<i>Animating</i> cries." <i>Pope</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>An"i*ma`ting*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Animation</h1>
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<hw>An`i*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>animatio</ets>, fr. <ets>animare</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of animating, or giving life or spirit; the state of being animate or alive.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>animation</b> of the same soul quickening the whole frame.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Perhaps an inanimate thing supplies me, while I am speaking, with whatever I posses of <b>animation</b>.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being lively, brisk, or full of spirit and vigor; vivacity; spiritedness; <as>as, he recited the story with great <ex>animation</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Suspended animation</col>, <cd>temporary suspension of the vital functions, as in persons nearly drowned.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Liveliness; vivacity; spirit; buoyancy; airiness; sprightliness; promptitude; enthusiasm; ardor; earnestness; energy. See <er>Liveliness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Animative</h1>
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<hw>An"i*ma*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <def>Having the power of giving life or spirit.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Animator</h1>
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<hw>An"i*ma`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>animare</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, animates; an animater.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Anim\'82</h1>
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<hw>A"ni*m\'82`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., animated.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Of a different tincture from the animal itself; -- said of the eyes of a rapacious animal.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Anim\'82</h1>
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<hw>A"ni*m\'82</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anim\'82</ets> animated (from the insects that are entrapped in it); or native name.]</ety> <def>A resin exuding from a tropical American tree <spn>(Hymen\'91a courbaril)</spn>, and much used by varnish makers.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Animism</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>animisme</ets>, fr. L. <ets>anima</ets> soul. See <er>Animate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The doctrine, taught by Stahl, that the soul is the proper principle of life and development in the body.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The belief that inanimate objects and the phenomena of nature are endowed with personal life or a living soul; also, in an extended sense, the belief in the existence of soul or spirit apart from matter.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<h1>Animist</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>animiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who maintains the doctrine of animism.</def>

<h1>Animistic</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to animism.</def>

<i>Huxley. Tylor.</i>

<h1>Animose, Animous</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`i*mose"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"i*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>animosus</ets>, fr. <ets>animus</ets> soul, spirit, courage.]</ety> <def>Full of spirit; hot; vehement; resolute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Animoseness</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mose"ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Vehemence of temper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Animosity</h1>
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<hw>An`i*mos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Animosities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>animosit\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>animositas</ets>. See <er>Animose</er>, <er>Animate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mere spiritedness or courage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<blockquote>Such as give some proof of <b>animosity</b>, audacity, and execution, those she [the crocodile] loveth.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Violent hatred leading to active opposition; active enmity; energetic dislike.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Enmity; hatred; opposition. -- <er>Animosity</er>, <er>Enmity</er>. <i>Enmity</i> be dormant or concealed; <i>animosity</i> is active enmity, inflamed by collision and mutual injury between opposing parties. The <i>animosities</i> which were continually springing up among the clans in Scotland kept that kingdom in a state of turmoil and bloodshed for successive ages. The <i>animosities</i> which have been engendered among Christian sects have always been the reproach of the church.</syn>

<blockquote>Such [writings] as naturally conduce to inflame hatreds and make <b>enmities</b> irreconcilable.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[These] factions . . . never suspended their <b>animosities</b> till they ruined that unhappy government.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Animus</h1>
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<hw>An"i*mus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Animi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., mind.]</ety> <def>Animating spirit; intention; temper.</def>

<cs><col>nimus furandi</col> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>intention of stealing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anion</h1>
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<hw>An"i*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, neut. <?/, p. pr. of <?/ to go up; <?/ up + <?/ to go.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An electro-negative element, or the element which, in electro-chemical decompositions, is evolved at the anode; -- opposed to <er>cation</er>.</def>

<i>Faraday.</i>

<-- p. 59  -->

<h1>Anise</h1>
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<hw>An"ise</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anys</ets>, F. <ets>anis</ets>, L. <ets>anisum</ets>, <ets>anethum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An umbelliferous plant <spn>(Pimpinella anisum)</spn> growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fruit or seeds of this plant.</def>

<h1>Aniseed</h1>
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<hw>An"i*seed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The seed of the anise; also, a cordial prepared from it.</def> "Oil of <i>aniseed</i>."

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Anisette</h1>
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<hw>An`i*sette"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A French cordial or liqueur flavored with anise seeds.</def>

<i>De Colange.</i>

<h1>Anisic</h1>
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<hw>A*nis"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or derived from anise; <as>as, <ex>anisic</ex> acid; <ex>anisic</ex> alcohol.</as></def>

<h1>Anisodactyla, Anisodactyls</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`i*so*dac"ty*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`i*so*dac"tyls</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>anisodactyla</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ unequal (<?/ priv. + <?/ equal) + <?/ finger.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A group of herbivorous mammals characterized by having the hoofs in a single series around the foot, as the elephant, rhinoceros, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A group of perching birds which are anisodactylous.</def>

<h1>Anisodactylous</h1>
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<hw>An`i*so*dac"ty*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Characterized by unequal toes, three turned forward and one backward, as in most passerine birds.</def>

<h1>Anisomeric</h1>
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<hw>An`i*so*mer"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unequal +  <?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Not isomeric; not made of the same components in the same proportions.</def>

<h1>Anisomerous</h1>
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<hw>An`i*som"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Anisomeric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the number of floral organs unequal, as four petals and six stamens.</def>

<h1>Anisometric</h1>
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<hw>An`i*so*met"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + E. <ets>isometric</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not isometric; having unsymmetrical parts; -- said of crystals with three unequal axes.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Anisopetalous</h1>
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<hw>An`i*so*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having unequal petals.</def>

<h1>Anisophyllous</h1>
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<hw>An`i*soph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having unequal leaves.</def>

<h1>Anisopleura</h1>
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<hw>An`i*so*pleu"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ side.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A primary division of gastropods, including those having spiral shells. The two sides of the body are unequally developed.</def>

<h1>Anisopoda</h1>
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<hw>An`i*sop"o*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ unequal + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Crustacea, which, in some its characteristics, is intermediate between Amphipoda and Isopoda.</def>

<h1>Anisostemonous</h1>
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<hw>An`i*so*stem"o*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ warp, thread; <?/ to stand.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having unequal stamens; having stamens different in number from the petals.</def>

<h1>Anisosthenic</h1>
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<hw>An`i*so*sthen"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ strength.]</ety> <def>Of unequal strength.</def>

<h1>Anisotrope, Anisotropic</h1>
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<hw><hw>An"i*so*trope`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`i*so*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ a turning, <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Not isotropic; having different properties in different directions; thus, crystals of the isometric system are optically isotropic, but all other crystals are <i>anisotropic</i>.</def>

<h1>Anisotropous</h1>
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<hw>An`i*sot"ro*pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anisotropic.</def>

<h1>Anker</h1>
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<hw>An"ker</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>anker</ets>: cf. LL. <ets>anceria</ets>, <ets>ancheria</ets>.]</ety> <def>A liquid measure in various countries of Europe. The Dutch <i>anker</i>, formerly also used in England, contained about 10 of the old wine gallons, or 8<?/ imperial gallons.</def>

<h1>Ankerite</h1>
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<hw>An"ker*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from Prof. <ets>Anker</ets> of Austria: cf. F. <ets>ank\'82rite</ets>, G. <ets>ankerit</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral closely related to dolomite, but containing iron.</def>

<h1>Ankle</h1>
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<hw>An"kle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ancle</ets>, <ets>anclow</ets>, AS. <ets>ancleow</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>\'94kkla</ets>, <ets>\'94kli</ets>, Dan. and Sw. <ets>ankel</ets>, D. <ets>enklaauw</ets>, <ets>enkel</ets>, G. <ets>enkel</ets>, and perh. OHG. <ets>encha</ets>, <ets>ancha</ets> thigh, shin: cf. Skr. <ets>anga</ets> limb, <ets>anguri</ets> finger. Cf. <er>Haunch</er>.]</ety> <def>The joint which connects the foot with the leg; the tarsus.</def>

<cs><col>Ankle bone</col>, <cd>the bone of the ankle; the astragalus.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ankled</h1>
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<hw>An"kled</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having ankles; -- used in composition; <as>as, well-<ex>ankled</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Anklet</h1>
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<hw>An"klet</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An ornament or a fetter for the ankle; an ankle ring.</def>

<h1>Ankylose</h1>
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<hw>An"ky*lose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Anchylose</er>.</def>

<h1>Ankylosis</h1>
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<hw>An`ky*lo"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Anchylosis</er>.</def>

<h1>Anlace</h1>
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<hw>An"lace</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Origin unknown.]</ety> <def>A broad dagger formerly worn at the girdle.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>anelace</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ann, Annat</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ann</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"nat</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>annata</ets> income of a year, also, of half a year, fr. L. <ets>annus</ets> year: cf. F. <ets>annate</ets> annats.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A half years's stipend, over and above what is owing for the incumbency, due to a minister's heirs after his decease.</def>

<h1>Anna</h1>
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<hw>An"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hindi <ets>\'ben\'be</ets>.]</ety> <def>An East Indian money of account, the sixteenth of a rupee, or about 2<?/ cents.</def>

<h1>Annal</h1>
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<hw>An"nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Annals</er>.</def>

<h1>Annalist</h1>
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<hw>An"nal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>annaliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A writer of annals.</def>

<blockquote>The monks . . . were the only <b>annalists</b> in those ages.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Annalistic</h1>
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<hw>An`nal*is"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or after the manner of, an annalist; <as>as, the dry <ex>annalistic style</ex></as>.</def>"<i>A stiff annalistic</i> method."

<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i>

<h1>Annalize</h1>
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<hw>An"nal*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To record in annals.</def>

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<h1>Annals</h1>
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<hw>An"nals</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annalis</ets> (sc. <ets>liber</ets>), and more frequently in the pl. <ets>annales</ets> (sc. <ets>libri</ets>), chronicles, fr. <ets>annus</ets> year. Cf. <er>Annual</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A relation of events in chronological order, each event being recorded under the year in which it happened.</def>  "<i>Annals</i> the revolution." <i>Macaulay</i>. "The <i>annals</i> of our religion." <i>Rogers</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Historical records; chronicles; history.</def>

<blockquote>The short and simple <b>annals</b> of the poor.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It was one of the most critical periods in our <b>annals</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <singf>sing.</singf> <def>The record of a single event or item.</def>  "In deathless <i>annal</i>."

<i>Young.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A periodic publication, containing records of discoveries, transactions of societies, etc.; <as>as "<ex>Annals</ex> of Science."</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- History. See <er>History</er>.</syn>

<h1>Annats, Annates</h1>
<Xpage=59>

<hw><hw>An"nats</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"nates</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ann</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>The first year's profits of a spiritual preferment, anciently paid by the clergy to the pope; first fruits. In England, they now form a fund for the augmentation of poor livings.</def>

<h1>Anneal</h1>
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<hw>An*neal"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Annealed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Annealing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>anelen</ets> to heat, burn, AS. <ets>an<?/lan</ets>; <ets>an</ets> on + <ets><?/lan</ets> to burn; also OE. <ets>anelen</ets> to enamel, prob. influenced by OF. <ets>neeler</ets>, <ets>nieler</ets>, to put a black enamel on gold or silver, F. <ets>nieller</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>nigellare</ets> to blacken, fr. L. <ets>nigellus</ets> blackish, dim. of <ets>niger</ets> black. Cf. <er>Niello</er>, <er>Negro</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To subject to great heat, and then cool slowly, as glass, cast iron, steel, or other metal, for the purpose of rendering it less brittle; to temper; to toughen.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To heat, as glass, tiles, or earthenware, in order to fix the colors laid on them.</def>

<h1>Annealer</h1>
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<hw>An*neal"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, anneals.</def>

<h1>Annealing</h1>
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<hw>An*neal"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The process used to render glass, iron, etc., less brittle, performed by allowing them to cool very gradually from a high heat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The burning of metallic colors into glass, earthenware, etc.</def>

<h1>Annectent</h1>
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<hw>An*nec"tent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annectere</ets> to tie or bind to. See <er>Annex</er>.]</ety> <def>Connecting; annexing.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Annelid, Annelidan</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`ne*lid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*nel"i*dan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ann\'82lide</ets>, fr. <ets>anneler</ets> to arrange in rings, OF. <ets>anel</ets> a ring, fr. L. <ets>anellus</ets> a ring, dim. of <ets>annulus</ets> a ring.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Annelida.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Annelida.</def>

<h1>Annelida</h1>
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<hw>An*nel"i*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Annelid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of the Articulata, having the body formed of numerous rings or annular segments, and without jointed legs. The principal subdivisions are the <spn>Ch\'91topoda</spn>, including the <spn>Oligoch\'91ta</spn> or earthworms and <spn>Polych\'91ta</spn> or marine worms; and the <spn>Hirudinea</spn> or leeches. See <er>Ch\'91topoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Annelidous</h1>
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<hw>An*nel"i*dous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of the nature of an annelid.</def>

<h1>Annellata</h1>
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<hw>An`nel*la"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Annelida</er>.</def>

<h1>Anneloid</h1>
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<hw>An"ne*loid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>annel\'82</ets> ringed + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal resembling an annelid.</def>

<h1>Annex</h1>
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<hw>An*nex"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Annexed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Annexing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>annexer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>annexus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>annectere</ets> to tie or bind to; <ets>ad + nectere</ets> to tie, to fasten together, akin to Skr. <ets>nah</ets> to bind.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To join or attach; usually to subjoin; to affix; to append; -- followed by <i>to</i>.</def> "He <i>annexed</i> a codicil to a will."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To join or add, as a smaller thing to a greater.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>annexed</b> a province to his kingdom.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To attach or connect, as a consequence, condition, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>annex</ex> a penalty to a prohibition, or punishment to guilt</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To add; append; affix; unite; coalesce. See <er>Add</er>.</syn>

<h1>Annex</h1>
<Xpage=59>

<hw>An*nex"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To join; to be united.</def>

<i>Tooke.</i>

<h1>Annex</h1>
<Xpage=59>

<hw>An*nex"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>annexe</ets>, L. <ets>annexus</ets>, neut. <ets>annexum</ets>, p. p. of <ets>annectere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Something annexed or appended; as, an additional stipulation to a writing, a subsidiary building to a main building; a wing.</def>

<h1>Annexation</h1>
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<hw>An`nex*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>annexation</ets>. See <er>Annex</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of annexing; process of attaching, adding, or appending; the act of connecting; union; <as>as, the <ex>annexation</ex> of Texas to the United States, or of chattels to the freehold</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The union of property with a freehold so as to become a fixture. <i>Bouvier</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> The appropriation of lands or rents to the crown.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Annexationist</h1>
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<hw>An`nex*a"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who favors annexation.</def>

<h1>Annexer</h1>
<Xpage=59>

<hw>An*nex"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who annexes.</def>

<h1>Annexion</h1>
<Xpage=59>

<hw>An*nex"ion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annexio</ets> a tying to, connection: cf. F. <ets>annexion</ets>.]</ety> <def>Annexation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Annexionist</h1>
<Xpage=59>

<hw>An*nex"ion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An annexationist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Annexment</h1>
<Xpage=59>

<hw>An*nex"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of annexing, or the thing annexed; appendage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Annihilable</h1>
<Xpage=59>

<hw>An*ni"hi*la*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being annihilated.</def>

<h1>Annihilate</h1>
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<hw>An*ni"hi*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Annihilated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Annihilating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>annihilare</ets>; <ets>ad + nihilum</ets>, <ets>nihil</ets>, nothing, <ets>ne hilum</ets> (<ets>filum</ets>) not a thread, nothing at all. Cf. <er>File</er>, a row.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce to nothing or nonexistence; to destroy the existence of; to cause to cease to be.</def>

<blockquote>It impossible for any body to be utterly <b>annihilated</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To destroy the form or peculiar distinctive properties of, so that the specific thing no longer exists; <as>as, to <ex>annihilate</ex> a forest by cutting down the trees</as>.</def> "To <i>annihilate</i> the army."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To destroy or eradicate, as a property or attribute of a thing; to make of no effect; to destroy the force, etc., of; <as>as, to <ex>annihilate</ex> an argument, law, rights, goodness</as>.</def>

<h1>Annihilate</h1>
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<hw>An*ni"hi*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anhilated.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Annihilation</h1>
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<hw>An*ni`hi*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>annihilation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reducing to nothing, or nonexistence; or the act of destroying the form or combination of parts under which a thing exists, so that the name can no longer be applied to it; <as>as, the <ex>annihilation</ex> of a corporation</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being annihilated.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Annihilationist</h1>
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<hw>An*ni`hi*la"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>One who believes that eternal punishment consists in annihilation or extinction of being; a destructionist.</def>

<h1>Annihilative</h1>
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<hw>An*ni"hi*la*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to annihilate; destructive.</def>

<h1>Annihilator</h1>
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<hw>An*ni"hi*la`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, annihilates; <as>as, a fire <ex>annihilator</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Annihilatory</h1>
<Xpage=59>

<hw>An*ni"hi*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Annihilative.</def>

<h1>Anniversarily</h1>
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<hw>An`ni*ver"sa*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Annually.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Anniversary</h1>
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<hw>An`ni*ver"sa*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anniversarius</ets>; <ets>annus</ets> year + <ets>vertere</ets>, <ets>versum</ets>, to turn: cf. F. <ets>anniversaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Returning with the year, at a stated time; annual; yearly; <as>as, an <ex>anniversary</ex> feast</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Anniversary day</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Anniversary</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Anniversary week</col>, <cd>that week in the year in which the annual meetings of religious and benevolent societies are held in Boston and New York. <mark>[Eastern U. S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Anniversary</h1>
<Xpage=59>

<hw>An`ni*ver"sa*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu> pl. <plw>Anniversaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anniversaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The annual return of the day on which any notable event took place, or is wont to be celebrated; <as>as, the <ex>anniversary</ex> of the Declaration of Independence</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The day on which Mass is said yearly for the soul of a deceased person; the commemoration of some sacred event, as the dedication of a church or the consecration of a pope.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The celebration which takes place on an anniversary day.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Anniverse</h1>
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<hw>An"ni*verse</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anni versus</ets> the turning of a year.]</ety> <def>Anniversary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Annodated</h1>
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<hw>An"no*da`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad</ets> to + <ets>nodus</ets> a knot.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Curved somewhat in the form of the letter S.</def>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<h1>Anno Domini</h1>
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<hw>An"no Dom"i*ni</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., in the year of [our] Lord [Jesus Christ]; usually abbrev. <sc>a. d.</sc>]</ety> <def>In the year of the Christian era; <as>as, <sc>a. d.</sc> 1887.</as></def>

<h1>Annominate</h1>
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<hw>An*nom"i*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To name.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Annomination</h1>
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<hw>An*nom`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annominatio</ets>. See <er>Agnomination</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Paronomasia; punning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Alliteration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tyrwhitt.</i>

<h1>Annotate</h1>
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<hw>An"no*tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Annotated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Annotating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>annotatus</ets>; p. p. of <ets>annotare</ets> to annotate; <ets>ad + notare</ets> to mark, <ets>nota</ets> mark. See <er>Note</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To explain or criticize by notes; <as>as, to <ex>annotate</ex> the works of Bacon</as>.</def>

<h1>Annotate</h1>
<Xpage=59>

<hw>An"no*tate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make notes or comments; -- with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<h1>Annotation</h1>
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<hw>An`no*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annotatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>annotation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A note, added by way of comment, or explanation; -- usually in the plural; <as>as, <ex>annotations</ex> on ancient authors, or on a word or a passage</as>.</def>

<h1>Annotationist</h1>
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<hw>An`no*ta"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An annotator.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Annotative</h1>
<Xpage=59>

<hw>An"no*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by annotations; of the nature of annotation.</def>

<h1>Annotator</h1>
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<hw>An"no*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A writer of annotations; a commentator.</def>

<h1>Annotatory</h1>
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<hw>An*no"ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an annotator; containing annotations.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Annotine</h1>
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<hw>An"no*tine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annotinus</ets> a year old.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird one year old, or that has once molted.</def>

<h1>Annotinous</h1>
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<hw>An*not"i*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annotinus</ets>, fr. <ets>annus</ets> year.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A year old; in Yearly growths.</def>

<mhw><h1>Annotto, Arnotto</h1>
<Xpage=59>

<hw>An*not"to</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar*not"to</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. the native name.]</ety> <def>A red or yellowish-red dyeing material, prepared from the pulp surrounding the seeds of a tree <spn>(Bixa orellana)</spn> belonging to the tropical regions of America. It is used for coloring cheese, butter, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Anatto</asp>, <asp>Anatta</asp>, <asp>Annatto</asp>, <asp>Annotta</asp>, etc.]<altsp>

<h1>Announce</h1>
<Xpage=59>

<hw>An*nounce"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Announced</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Announcing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>anoncier</ets>, F. <ets>annoncer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>annuntiare</ets>; <ets>ad + nuntiare</ets> to report, relate, <ets>nuntius</ets> messenger, bearer of news. See <er>Nuncio</er>, and cf. <er>Annunciate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To give public notice, or first notice of; to make known; to publish; to proclaim.</def>

<blockquote>Her [Q. Elizabeth's] arrival was <b>announced</b> through the country by a peal of cannon from the ramparts.
<i>Gilpin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pronounce; to declare by judicial sentence.</def>

<blockquote>Publish laws, <b>announce</b>
Or life or death.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To proclaim; publish; make known; herald; declare; promulgate.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Publish</er>, <er>Announce</er>, <er>Proclaim</er>, <er>Promulgate</er>. We <asp>publish</asp> what we give openly to the world, either by oral communication or by means of the press; <as>as, to <ex>publish</ex> abroad the faults of our neighbors</as>. We <asp>announce</asp> what we declare by anticipation, or make known for the first time; as, to <asp>announce</asp> the speedy publication of a book; to <asp>announce</asp> the approach or arrival of a distinguished personage. We <asp>proclaim</asp> anything to which we give the widest publicity; as, to <asp>proclaim</asp> the news of victory.  We <asp>promulgate</asp> when we proclaim more widely what has before been known by some; as, to <asp>promulgate</asp> the gospel.</usage>

<h1>Announcement</h1>
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<hw>An*nounce"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of announcing, or giving notice; that which announces; proclamation; publication.</def>

<h1>Announcer</h1>
<Xpage=59>

<hw>An*noun"cer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who announces.</def>

<-- p. 60  -->

<h1>Annoy</h1>
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<hw>An*noy"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Annoyed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Annoying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>anoien</ets>, <ets>anuien</ets>, OF. <ets>anoier</ets>, <ets>anuier</ets>, F. <ets>ennuyer</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>anoi</ets>, <ets>anui</ets>, <ets>enui</ets>, annoyance, vexation, F. <ets>ennui</ets>. See <er>Annoy</er>, <tt>n.</tt>] To disturb or irritate, especially by continued or repeated acts; to tease; to ruffle in mind; to vex; <as>as, I was <ex>annoyed</ex> by his remarks.</as></def>

<blockquote>Say, what can more our tortured souls <b>annoy</b>
Than to behold, admire, and lose our joy?
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To molest, incommode, or harm; <as>as, to <ex>annoy</ex> an army by impeding its march, or by a cannonade</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To molest; vex; trouble; pester; embarrass; perplex; tease.</syn>

<h1>Annoy</h1>
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<hw>An*noy"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anoi</ets>, <ets>anui</ets>, OF. <ets>anoi</ets>, <ets>anui</ets>, <ets>enui</ets>, fr. L. <ets>in odio</ets> hatred (esse alicui <ets>in odio</ets>, Cic.). See <er>Ennui</er>, <er>Odium</er>, <er>Noisome</er>, <er>Noy</er>.]</ety> <def>A feeling of discomfort or vexation caused by what one dislikes; also, whatever causes such a feeling; <as>as, to work <ex>annoy</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Worse than Tantalus' is her <b>annoy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Annoyance</h1>
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<hw>An*noy"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>anoiance</ets>, <ets>anuiance</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of annoying, or the state of being annoyed; molestation; vexation; annoy.</def>

<blockquote>A deep clay, giving much <b>annoyance</b> to passengers.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For the further <b>annoyance</b> and terror of any besieged place, they would throw into it dead bodies.
<i>Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which annoys.</def>

<blockquote>A grain, a dust, a gnat, a wandering hair,
Any <b>annoyance</b> in that precious sense.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Annoyer</h1>
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<hw>An*noy"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, annoys.</def>

<h1>Annoyful</h1>
<Xpage=60>

<hw>An*noy"ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Annoying.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Annoying</h1>
<Xpage=60>

<hw>An*noy"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That annoys; molesting; vexatious.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An*noy"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Annoyous</h1>
<Xpage=60>

<hw>An*noy"ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>enuius</ets>, <ets>anoios</ets>.]</ety> <def>Troublesome; annoying.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Annual</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*al</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>annuel</ets>, F. <ets>annuel</ets>, fr. L. <ets>annualis</ets>, fr. <ets>annus</ets> year. Cf. <er>Annals</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a year; returning every year; coming or happening once in the year; yearly.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>annual</b> overflowing of the river [Nile].
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Performed or accomplished in a year; reckoned by the year; <as>as, the <ex>annual</ex> motion of the earth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A thousand pound a year, <b>annual</b> support.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lasting or continuing only one year or one growing season; requiring to be renewed every year; <as>as, an <ex>annual</ex> plant; <ex>annual</ex> tickets.</as></def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Annual</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thing happening or returning yearly; esp. a literary work published once a year.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything, especially a plant, that lasts but one year or season; an annual plant.</def>

<blockquote>Oaths . . . in some sense almost <b>annuals</b>; . . . and I myself can remember about forty different sets.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A Mass for a deceased person or for some special object, said daily for a year or on the anniversary day.</def>

<h1>Annualist</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who writes for, or who edits, an annual.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Annually</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Yearly; year by year.</def>

<h1>Annuary</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>annuaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Annual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A yearbook.</def></def2>

<h1>Annueler</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*el*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A priest employed in saying <asp>annuals</asp>, or anniversary Masses.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Annuent</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annuens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>annuere</ets>; <ets>ad + nuere</ets> to nod.]</ety> <def>Nodding; <as>as, <ex>annuent</ex> muscles (used in nodding)</as>.</def>

<h1>Annuitant</h1>
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<hw>An*nu"i*tant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Annuity</er>.]</ety> <def>One who receives, or its entitled to receive, an annuity.</def>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Annuity</h1>
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<hw>An*nu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Annuities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>annuitas</ets>, fr. L. <ets>annus</ets> year: cf. F. <ets>annuit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sum of money, payable yearly, to continue for a given number of years, for life, or forever; an annual allowance.</def>

<h1>Annul</h1>
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<hw>An*nul"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Annulled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Annulling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>annuler</ets>, LL. <ets>annullare</ets>, <ets>annulare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad</ets> to + <ets>nullus</ets> none, <ets>nullum</ets>, neut., nothing. See <er>Null</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce to nothing; to obliterate.</def>

<blockquote>Light, the prime work of God, to me's extinct.
And all her various objects of delight
<b>Annulled</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make void or of no effect; to nullify; to abolish; to do away with; -- used appropriately of laws, decrees, edicts, decisions of courts, or other established rules, permanent usages, and the like, which are made void by component authority.</def>

<blockquote>Do they mean to <b>annul</b> laws of inestimable value to our liberties?
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To abolish; abrogate; repeal; cancel; reverse; rescind; revoke; nullify; destroy. See <er>Abolish</er>.</syn>

<h1>Annular</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annularis</ets>, fr. <ets>annulis</ets> ring: cf. F. <ets>annulaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or having the form of, a ring; forming a ring; ringed; ring-shaped; <as>as, <ex>annular</ex> fibers</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Banded or marked with circles.</def>

<cs><col>Annular eclipse</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>an eclipse of the sun in which the moon at the middle of the eclipse conceals the central part of the sun's disk, leaving a complete ring of light around the border.</cd></cs>

<h1>Annularity</h1>
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<hw>An`nu*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Annular condition or form; <as>as, the <ex>annularity</ex> of a nebula</as>.</def>

<i>J. Rogers.</i>

<h1>Annularry</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*lar*ry</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an annular manner.</def>

<h1>Annulary</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*la*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annularis</ets>. See <er>Annular</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a ring; annular.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Annulata</h1>
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<hw>An`nu*la"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Neut. pl., fr. L. <ets>annulatus</ets> ringed.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of articulate animals, nearly equivalent to <asp>Annelida</asp>, including the marine annelids, earthworms, Gephyrea, Gymnotoma, leeches, etc. See <er>Annelida</er>.</def>

<h1>Annulate</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Annulata.</def>

<h1>Annulate, Annulated</h1>
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<hw><hw>An"nu*late</hw>, <hw>An"nu*la`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annulatus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Furnished with, or composed of, rings; ringed; surrounded by rings of color.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Annulata.</def>

<h1>Annulation</h1>
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<hw>An`nu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A circular or ringlike formation; a ring or belt.</def>

<i>Nicholson.</i>

<h1>Annulet</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*let</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>annulus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little ring.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small, flat fillet, encircling a column, etc., used by itself, or with other moldings. It is used, several times repeated, under the Doric capital.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A little circle borne as a charge.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A narrow circle of some distinct color on a surface or round an organ.</def>

<h1>Annullable</h1>
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<hw>An*nul"la*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be Annulled.</def>

<h1>Annuller</h1>
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<hw>An*nul"ler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who annuls.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Annulment</h1>
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<hw>An*nul"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>annulement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of annulling; abolition; invalidation.</def>

<h1>Annuloid</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*loid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Annuloida.</def>

<h1>Annuloida</h1>
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<hw>An`nu*loid"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>annulus</ets> ring + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of the Articulata, including the annelids and allied groups; sometimes made to include also the helminths and echinoderms.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Annuloidea</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Annulosa</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*lo"sa</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of the Invertebrata, nearly equivalent to the Articulata. It includes the Arthoropoda and Anarthropoda. By some zo\'94logists it is applied to the former only.</def>

<h1>Annulosan</h1>
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<hw>An`nu*lo"san</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Annulosa.</def>

<h1>Annulose</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*lose`</hw> <tt>(<?/; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annulus</ets> ring.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Furnished with, or composed of, rings or ringlike segments; ringed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Annulosa.</def>

<h1>Annulus</h1>
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<hw>An"nu*lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Annuli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A ring; a ringlike part or space.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A space contained between the circumferences of two circles, one within the other.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The solid formed by a circle revolving around a line which is the plane of the circle but does not cut it.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Ring-shaped structures or markings, found in, or upon, various animals.</def>

<h1>Annumerate</h1>
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<hw>An*nu"mer*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annumeratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>annumerare</ets>. See <er>Numerate</er>.]</ety> <def>To add on; to count in.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wollaston.</i>

<h1>Annumeration</h1>
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<hw>An*nu`mer*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annumeratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Addition to a former number.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Annunciable</h1>
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<hw>An*nun"ci*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be announced or declared; declarable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Annunciate</h1>
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<hw>An*nun"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Annunciated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Annunciating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>annuntiare</ets>. See <er>Announce</er>.]</ety> <def>To announce.</def>

<h1>Annunciate</h1>
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<hw>An*nun"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Foretold; preannounced.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Annunciation</h1>
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<hw>An*nun`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annuntiatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>annonciation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of announcing; announcement; proclamation; <as>as, the <ex>annunciation</ex> of peace</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The announcement of the incarnation, made by the angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The festival celebrated (March 25th) by the Church of England, of Rome, etc., in memory of the angel's announcement, on that day; Lady Day.</def>

<h1>Annunciative</h1>
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<hw>An*nun"ci*a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to annunciation; announcing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Annunciator</h1>
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<hw>An*nun"ci*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>annuntiator</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who announces. Specifically: An officer in the church of Constantinople, whose business it was to inform the people of the festivals to be celebrated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An indicator (as in a hotel) which designates the room where attendance is wanted.</def>

<h1>Annunciatory</h1>
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<hw>An*nun"ci*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, announcement; making known.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anoa</h1>
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<hw>A*noa"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small wild ox of Celebes <spn>(Anoa depressicornis)</spn>, allied to the buffalo, but having long nearly straight horns.</def>

<h1>Anode</h1>
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<hw>An"ode</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ up + <?/ way.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The positive pole of an electric battery, or more strictly the electrode by which the current enters the electrolyte on its way to the other pole; -- opposed to <i>cathode</i>.</def>

<h1>Anodon</h1>
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<hw>An"o*don</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ toothless; <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fresh-water bivalves, having to teeth at the hinge.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Anodonta</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Anodyne</h1>
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<hw>An"o*dyne</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anodynus</ets>, Gr. <?/ free from pain, stilling pain; <?/ priv. + <?/ pain: cf. F. <ets>anodin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to assuage pain; soothing.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>anodyne</b> draught of oblivion.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; "The word [in a medical sense] in chiefly applied to the different preparations of opium, belladonna, hyoscyamus, and lettuce."</note>

<i>Am. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Anodyne</h1>
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<hw>An"o*dyne</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anodynon</ets>. See <er>Anodyne</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Any medicine which allays pain, as an opiate or narcotic; anything that soothes disturbed feelings.</def>

<h1>Anodynous</h1>
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<hw>An"o*dy`nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anodyne.</def>

<h1>Anoil</h1>
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<hw>A*noil"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>enoilier</ets>.]</ety> <def>The anoint with oil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Anoint</h1>
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<hw>A*noint"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Anointed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Anointing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>enoint</ets>, p. p. of <ets>enoindre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>inungere</ets>; <ets>in + ungere</ets>, <ets>unguere</ets>, to smear, anoint. See <er>Ointment</er>, <er>Unguent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To smear or rub over with oil or an unctuous substance; also, to spread over, as oil.</def>

<blockquote>And fragrant oils the stiffened limbs <b>anoint</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>anointed</b> the eyes of the blind man with the clay.
<i>John ix. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To apply oil to or to pour oil upon, etc., as a sacred rite, especially for consecration.</def>

<blockquote>Then shalt thou take the <b>anointing</b> oil, and pour it upon his [Aaron's] head and <b>anoint</b> him.
<i>Exod. xxix. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Anoint</b> Hazael to be king over Syria.
<i>1 Kings xix. 15.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The Lord's Anointed</col>, <cd>Christ or the Messiah; also, a Jewish or other king by "divine right."</cd></cs>

<i>1 Sam. xxvi. 9.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anoint</h1>
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<hw>A*noint"</hw>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Anointed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Anointer</h1>
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<hw>A*noint"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who anoints.</def>

<h1>Anointment</h1>
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<hw>A*noint"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of anointing, or state of being anointed; also, an ointment.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Anolis</h1>
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<hw>A*no"lis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[In the Antilles, <ets>anoli</ets>, <ets>anoalli</ets>, a lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of lizards which belong to the family <spn>Iguanid\'91</spn>. They take the place in the New World of the chameleons in the Old, and in America are often called <i>chameleons</i>.</def>

<h1>Anomal</h1>
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<hw>A*nom"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything anomalous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anomaliped, Anomalipede</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*nom"a*li*ped</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>(#), <hw>A*nom"a*li*pede</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anomalus</ets> irregular + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot.]</ety> <def>Having anomalous feet.</def>

<h1>Anomaliped</h1>
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<hw>A*nom"a*li*ped</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group of perching birds, having the middle toe more or less united to the outer and inner ones.</def>

<h1>Anomalism</h1>
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<hw>A*nom"a*lism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An anomaly; a deviation from rule.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Anomalistic, Anomalistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*nom`a*lis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*nom`a*lis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anomalistique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Irregular; departing from common or established rules.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the anomaly, or angular distance of a planet from its perihelion.</def>

<cs><col>Anomalistic month</col>. <cd>See under <er>Month</er>.</cd> -- <col>Anomalistic revolution</col>, <cd>the period in which a planet or satellite goes through the complete cycles of its changes of anomaly, or from any point in its elliptic orbit to the same again.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Anomalistic</col>, or <col>Periodical year</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Year</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anomalistically</h1>
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<hw>A*nom`a*lis"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With irregularity.</def>

<h1>Anomaloflorous</h1>
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<hw>A*nom`a*lo*flo"rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anomalus</ets> irregular + <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having anomalous flowers.</def>

<h1>Anomalous</h1>
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<hw>A*nom"a*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anomalus</ets>, Gr. <?/ uneven, irregular; <?/ priv. + <?/ even, <?/ same. See <er>Same</er>, and cf. <er>Abnormal</er>.]</ety> <def>Deviating from a general rule, method, or analogy; abnormal; irregular; <as>as, an <ex>anomalous</ex> proceeding</as>.</def>

<h1>Anomalously</h1>
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<hw>A*nom"a*lous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an anomalous manner.</def>

<h1>Anomalousness</h1>
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<hw>A*nom"a*lous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being anomalous.</def>

<h1>Anomaly</h1>
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<hw>A*nom"a*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anomalies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anomalia</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Anomalous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Deviation from the common rule; an irregularity; anything anomalous.</def>

<blockquote>We are enabled to unite into a consistent whole the various <b>anomalies</b> and contending principles that are found in the minds and affairs of men.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As Professor Owen has remarked, there is no greater <b>anomaly</b> in nature than a bird that can not fly.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The angular distance of a planet from its perihelion, as seen from the sun. This is the <it>true</it> anomaly. The <i>eccentric</i> anomaly is a corresponding angle at the center of the elliptic orbit of the planet. The <i>mean</i> anomaly is what the anomaly would be if the planet's angular motion were uniform.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The angle measuring apparent irregularities in the motion of a planet.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Any deviation from the essential characteristics of a specific type.</def>

<h1>Anomia</h1>
<Xpage=60>

<hw>A*no"mi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ irregular; <?/ priv. + <?/ law.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of bivalve shells, allied to the oyster, so called from their unequal valves, of which the lower is perforated for attachment.</def>

<h1>Anomophyllous</h1>
<Xpage=60>

<hw>An`o*moph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ irregular + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having leaves irregularly placed.</def>

<h1>Anomura, Anomoura</h1>
<Xpage=60>

<hw><hw>An`o*mu"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`o*mou"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ lawless + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of decapod Crustacea, of which the hermit crab in an example.</def>

<h1>Anomural, Anomuran</h1>
<Xpage=60>

<hw><hw>An`o*mu"ral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`o*mu"ran</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Irregular in the character of the tail or abdomen; <as>as, the <ex>anomural</ex> crustaceans</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>anomoural</asp>, <asp>anomouran</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Anomuran</h1>
<Xpage=60>

<hw>An`o*mu"ran</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Anomura.</def>

<h1>Anomy</h1>
<Xpage=60>

<hw>An"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Anomia</er>.]</ety> <def>Disregard or violation of law.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Anon</h1>
<Xpage=60>

<hw>A*non"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anoon</ets>, <ets>anon</ets>, <ets>anan</ets>, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. <ets>on</ets> in + <ets>\'ben</ets> one. See <er>On</er> and <er>One</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Straightway; at once.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The same is he that heareth the word, and <b>anon</b> with joy receiveth it.
<i>Matt. xiii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Soon; in a little while.</def>

<blockquote>As it shall better appear <b>anon</b>.
<i>Stow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>At another time; then; again.</def>

<blockquote>Sometimes he trots, . . . <b>anon</b> he rears upright.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Anon right</col>, <cd>at once; right off. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>Ever and anon</col>, <cd>now and then; frequently; often.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>A pouncet box, which <b>ever and anon</b>
He gave his nose.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anona</h1>
<Xpage=60>

<hw>A*no"na</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Cf. <er>Ananas</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of tropical or subtropical plants of the natural order <spn>Anonace\'91</spn>, including the soursop.</def>

<h1>Anonaceous</h1>
<Xpage=60>

<hw>An`o*na"ceous</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the order of plants including the soursop, custard apple, etc.</def>

<h1>Anonym</h1>
<Xpage=60>

<hw>An"o*nym</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anonyme</ets>. See <er>Anonymous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is anonymous; also sometimes used for "pseudonym."</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A notion which has no name, or which can not be expressed by a single English word.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. R. Seeley.</i>

<h1>Anonymity</h1>
<Xpage=60>

<hw>An`o*nym"i*ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being anonymous; anonymousness; also, that which anonymous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He rigorously insisted upon the rights of <b>anonymity</b>.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anonymous</h1>
<Xpage=60>

<hw>A*non"y*mous</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without name; <?/ priv. + <?/, Eol. for <?/ name. See <er>Name</er>.]</ety> <def>Nameless; of unknown name; also, of unknown /or unavowed authorship; <as>as, an <ex>anonymous</ex> benefactor; an <ex>anonymous</ex> pamphlet or letter.</as></def>

<-- p. 61  -->

<h1>Anonymously</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>A*non"y*mous*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an anonymous manner; without a name.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Anonymousness</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>A*non"y*mous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being anonymous.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Anophyte</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An"o*phyte</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ upward (fr. <?/ up) + <?/ a plant, <?/ to grow.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A moss or mosslike plant which cellular stems, having usually an upward growth and distinct leaves.</def>

<h1>Anopla</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An"o*pla</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ unarmed.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the two orders of Nemerteans. See <er>Nemertina</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Anoplothere, Anoplotherium</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An*op"lo*there</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`o*plo*the"ri*um</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ unarmed (<?/ priv. + <?/ an implement, weapon) + <?/ beast.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of extinct quadrupeds of the order <spn>Ungulata</spn>, whose were first found in the gypsum quarries near Paris; characterized by the shortness and feebleness of their canine teeth (whence the name).</def>

<h1>Anoplura</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An`o*plu"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ weapon, sting + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of insects which includes the lice.</def>

<h1>Anopsia, Anopsy</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw><hw>A*nop"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"op`sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ sight.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Want or defect of sight; blindness.</def>

<h1>Anorexia, Anorexy</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw><hw>An`o*rex"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An"o*rex`y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ desire, appetite, <?/ desire.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Want of appetite, without a loathing of food.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Anormal</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>A*nor"mal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anormal</ets>. See <er>Abnormal</er>, <er>Normal</er>.]</ety> <def>Not according to rule; abnormal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Anorn</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>A*norn</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>a\'94rner</ets>, <ets>a\'94urner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adornare</ets> to adorn. The form <ets>a</ets>-<ets>ourne</ets> was corrupted into <ets>anourne</ets>.]</ety> <def>To adorn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Watson.</i>

<h1>Anorthic</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>A*nor"thic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Anorthite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Having unequal oblique axes; <as>as, <ex>anorthic</ex> crystals</as>.</def>

<h1>Anorthite</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>A*nor"thite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ straight (<?/ sc. <?/ right angle); not in a right angle.]</ety> <def>A mineral of the feldspar family, commonly occurring in small glassy crystals, also a constituent of some igneous rocks. It is a lime feldspar. See <er>Feldspar</er>.</def>

<h1>Anorthoscope</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>A*nor"tho*scope</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ straight + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An optical toy for producing amusing figures or pictures by means of two revolving disks, on one of which distorted figures are painted.</def>

<h1>Anosmia</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>A*nos"mi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ smell.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Loss of the sense of smell.</def>

<h1>Another</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An*oth"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>pron. & a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>An</ets> a, one + <ets>other</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One more, in addition to a former number; a second or additional one, similar in likeness or in effect.</def>

<blockquote><b>Another</b> yet! -- a seventh! I 'll see no more.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Would serve to scale <b>another</b> Hero's tower.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not the same; different.</def>

<blockquote>He winks, and turns his lips <b>another</b> way.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any or some; any different person, indefinitely; any one else; some one else.</def>

<blockquote>Let <b>another</b> man praise thee, and not thine own mouth.
<i>Prov. xxvii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>While I am coming, <b>another</b> steppeth down before me.
<i>John v. 7.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; As a pronoun <i>another</i> may have a possessive <i>another's</i>, pl. <i>others</i>, poss. pl. <i>other'</i>. It is much used in opposition to <i>one</i>; as, one went one way, <i>another another</i>. It is also used with <i>one</i>, in a reciprocal sense; as, "love <i>one another</i>," that is, let each love the other or others. "These two imparadised in <i>one another's</i> arms."</note>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Another-gaines</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An*oth"er-gaines`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>another</ets>-<ets>gates</ets>.]</ety> Of another kind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Another-gates</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An*oth"er-gates`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Another</ets> + <ets>gate</ets>, or <ets>gait</ets>, way. Cf. <er>Algates</er>.]</ety> <def>Of another sort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Another-gates</i> adventure."

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Another-guess</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An*oth"er-guess</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>another</ets>-<ets>gates</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of another sort.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>It used to go in <b>another-guess</b> manner.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anotta</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>A*not"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Annotto</er>.</def>

<h1>Anoura</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An*ou"ra</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Anura</er>.</def>

<h1>Anourous</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An*ou"rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Anurous</er>.</def>

<h1>Ansa</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An"sa</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ans\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a handle.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A name given to either of the projecting ends of Saturn's ring.</def>

<h1>Ansated</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An"sa*ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ansatus</ets>, fr. <ets>ansa</ets> a handle.]</ety> <def>Having a handle.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Anserated</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An"ser*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having the extremities terminate in the heads of eagles, lions, etc.; <as>as, an <ex>anserated</ex> cross</as>.</def>

<h1>Anseres</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An"se*res</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., geese.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an order of aquatic birds swimming by means of webbed feet, as the duck, or of lobed feet, as the grebe. In this order were included the geese, ducks, auks, divers, gulls, petrels, etc.</def>

<h1>Anseriformes</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An`se*ri*for"mes</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of birds including the geese, ducks, and closely allied forms.</def>

<h1>Anserine</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An"ser*ine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anserinus</ets>, fr. <ets>anser</ets> a goose.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a goose, or the skin of a goose.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Anseres.</def>

<h1>Anserous</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An"ser*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anser</ets> a goose.]</ety> <def>Resembling a goose; silly; simple.</def>

<i>Sydney Smith.</i>

<h1>Answer</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An"swer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Answered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Answering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>andswerien</ets>, AS. <ets>andswerian</ets>, <ets>andswarian</ets>, to answer, fr. <ets>andswaru</ets>, n., answer. See <er>Answer</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To speak in defense against; to reply to in defense; <as>as, to <ex>answer</ex> a charge; to <ex>answer</ex> an accusation.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To speak or write in return to, as in return to a call or question, or to a speech, declaration, argument, or the like; to reply to (a question, remark, etc.); to respond to.</def>

<blockquote>She <b>answers</b> him as if she knew his mind.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So spake the apostate angel, though in pain: . . .
And him thus <b>answered</b> soon his bold compeer.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To respond to satisfactorily; to meet successfully by way of explanation, argument, or justification, and the like; to refute.</def>

<blockquote>No man was able to <b>answer</b> him a word.
<i>Matt. xxii. 46.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These shifts refuted, <b>answer</b> thine appellant.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The reasoning was not and could not be <b>answered</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be or act in return or response to.</def> Hence: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To be or act in compliance with, in fulfillment or satisfaction of, as an order, obligation, demand; <as>as, he <ex>answered</ex> my claim upon him; the servant <ex>answered</ex> the bell.</as></def>

<blockquote>This proud king . . . studies day and night
To <b>answer</b> all the debts he owes unto you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To render account to or for.</def>

<blockquote>I will . . . send him to <b>answer</b> thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To atone; to be punished for.</def>

<blockquote>And grievously hath C\'91zar <b>answered</b> it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>To be opposite to; to face.</def>

<blockquote>The windows <b>answering</b> each other, we could just discern the glowing horizon them.
<i>Gilpin.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>To be or act an equivalent to, or as adequate or sufficient for; to serve for; to repay.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Money <b>answereth</b> all things.
<i>Eccles. x. 19.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(f)</sd> <def>To be or act in accommodation, conformity, relation, or proportion to; to correspond to; to suit.</def>

<blockquote>Weapons must needs be dangerous things, if they <b>answered</b> the bulk of so prodigious a person.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Answer</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An"swer</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To speak or write by way of return (originally, to a charge), or in reply; to make response.</def>

<blockquote>There was no voice, nor any that <b>answered</b>.
<i>1 Kings xviii. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a satisfactory response or return. Hence: To render account, or to be responsible; to be accountable; to make amends; <as>as, the man must <ex>answer</ex> to his employer for the money intrusted to his care</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Let his neck <b>answer</b> for it, if there is any martial law.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be or act in return.</def> Hence: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To be or act by way of compliance, fulfillment, reciprocation, or satisfaction; to serve the purpose; <as>as, gypsum <ex>answers</ex> as a manure on some soils</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Do the strings <b>answer</b> to thy noble hand?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To be opposite, or to act in opposition.</def>   <sd>(c)</sd> <def>To be or act as an equivalent, or as adequate or sufficient; <as>as, a very few will <ex>answer</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>To be or act in conformity, or by way of accommodation, correspondence, relation, or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit; -- usually with <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>That the time may have all shadow and silence in it, and the place <b>answer</b> to convenience.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If this but <b>answer</b> to my just belief,
I 'll remember you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As in water face <b>answereth</b> to face, so the heart of man to man.
<i>Pro<?/. xxvii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Answer</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An"swer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>andsware</ets>, AS. <ets>andswaru</ets>; <ets>and</ets> against + <ets>swerian</ets> to swear. <?/, <?/. See <er>Anti-</er>, and <er>Swear</er>, and cf. 1st <er>un-</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A reply to a change; a defense.</def>

<blockquote>At my first <b>answer</b> no man stood with me.
<i>2 Tim. iv. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something said or written in reply to a question, a call, an argument, an address, or the like; a reply.</def>

<blockquote>A soft <b>answer</b> turneth away wrath.
<i>Prov. xv. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I called him, but he gave me no <b>answer</b>.
<i>Cant. v. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Something done in return for, or in consequence of, something else; a responsive action.</def>

<blockquote>Great the slaughter is
Here made by the Roman; great the <b>answer</b> be
Britons must take.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A solution, the result of a mathematical operation; as, the <b>answer</b> to a problem.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A counter-statement of facts in a course of pleadings; a confutation of what the other party has alleged; a responsive declaration by a witness in reply to a question. In <i>Equity</i>, it is the usual form of defense to the complainant's charges in his bill.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Reply; rejoinder; response. See <er>Reply</er>.</syn>

<h1>Answerable</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An"swer*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Obliged to answer; liable to be called to account; liable to pay, indemnify, or make good; accountable; amenable; responsible; <as>as, an agent is <ex>answerable</ex> to his principal; to be <ex>answerable</ex> for a debt, or for damages.</as></def>

<blockquote>Will any man argue that . . . he can not be justly punished, but is <b>answerable</b> only to God?
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being answered or refuted; admitting a satisfactory answer.</def>

<blockquote>The argument, though subtle, is yet <b>answerable</b>.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Correspondent; conformable; hence, comparable.</def>

<blockquote>What wit and policy of man is <b>answerable</b> to their discreet and orderly course?
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This revelation . . . was <b>answerable</b> to that of the apostle to the Thessalonians.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Proportionate; commensurate; suitable; <as>as, an achievement <ex>answerable</ex> to the preparation for it</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Equal; equivalent; adequate.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Had the valor of his soldiers been <b>answerable</b>, he had reached that year, as was thought, the utmost bounds of Britain.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Answerableness</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An"swer*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being answerable, liable, responsible, or correspondent.</def>

<h1>Answerably</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An"swer*a*bly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an answerable manner; in due proportion or correspondence; suitably.</def>

<h1>Answerer</h1>
<Xpage=61>

<hw>An"swer*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who answers.</def>

<h1>Answerless</h1>
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<hw>An"swer*less</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no answer, or impossible to be answered.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>An 't</h1>
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<hw>An 't</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def><i>An it</i>, that is, <i>and it</i> or <i>if it</i>. See <er>An</er>, <tt>conj.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>An't</h1>
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<hw>An't</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A contraction for <i>are</i> and <i>am not</i>; also used for <i>is not</i>; -- now usually written <i>ain't</i>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. & illiterate speech.]</mark>

<h1>Ant-</h1>
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<hw>Ant-</hw>. <def>See <er>Anti-</er>, <tt>prefix.</tt></def>

<h1>-ant</h1>
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<hw>-ant</hw>. <ety>[F. -<ets>ant</ets>, fr. L. -<ets>antem</ets> or -<ets>entem</ets>, the pr. p. ending; also sometimes directly from L. -<ets>antem</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix sometimes marking the agent for action; <as>as, merch<ex>ant</ex>, coven<ex>ant</ex>, serv<ex>ant</ex>, pleas<ex>ant</ex>, etc.</as> Cf. <er>-ent</er>.</def>

<h1>Ant</h1>
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<hw>Ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ante</ets>, <ets>amete</ets>, <ets>emete</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91mete</ets> akin to G. <ets>ameise</ets>. Cf. <er>Emmet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hymenopterous insect of the Linn\'91an genus <spn>Formica</spn>, which is now made a family of several genera; an emmet; a pismire.</def>

<note>&hand; Among ants, as among bees, there are neuter or working ants, besides the males and females; the former are without wings. Ants live together in swarms, usually raising hillocks of earth, variously chambered within, where they maintain a perfect system of order, store their provisions, and nurture their young. There are many species, with diverse habits, as <i>agricultural ants</i>, <i>carpenter ants</i>, <i>honey ants</i>, <i>foraging ants</i>, <i>amazon ants</i>, etc. The <i>white ants</i> or Termites belong to the Neuroptera.</note>

<cs><col>Ant bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of a very extensive group of South American birds <spn>(Formicariid\'91)</spn>, which live on ants. The family includes many species, some of which are called <stype>ant shrikes</stype>, <stype>ant thrushes</stype>, and <stype>ant wrens</stype>.</cd> -- <col>Ant rice</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of grass <spn>(Aristida oligantha)</spn> cultivated by the agricultural ants of Texas for the sake of its seed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anta</h1>
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<hw>An"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ant\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A species of pier produced by thickening a wall at its termination, treated architecturally as a pilaster, with capital and base.</def>

<note>&hand; Porches, when columns stand between two <i>ant\'91</i>, are called in Latin <i>in antis</i>.</note>

<h1>Antacid</h1>
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<hw>Ant*ac"id</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<it>Pref.</it> <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>acid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy for acidity of the stomach, as an alkali or absorbent.</def>  -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Counteractive of acidity.</def></def2>

<h1>Antacrid</h1>
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<hw>Ant*ac"rid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>acrid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Corrective of acrimony of the humors.</def>

<h1>Ant\'91an</h1>
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<hw>An*t\'91"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Ant\'91us, a giant athlete slain by Hercules.</def>

<h1>Antagonism</h1>
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<hw>An*tag"o*nism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to struggle against; <?/ against + <?/ to contend or struggle, <?/ contest: cf. F. <ets>antagonisme</ets>. See <er>Agony</er>.]</ety> <def>Opposition of action; counteraction or contrariety of things or principles.</def>

<note>&hand; We speak of <i>antagonism between</i> two things, <i>to</i> or <i>against</i> a thing, and sometimes <i>with</i> a thing.</note>

<h1>Antagonist</h1>
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<hw>An*tag"o*nist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antagonista</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/ combatant, champion, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>antagoniste</ets>. See <er>Antagonism</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who contends with another, especially in combat; an adversary; an opponent.</def>

<blockquote><b>Antagonist</b> of Heaven's Almigthy King.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our <b>antagonists</b> in these controversies.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which acts in opposition to another; as a <i>flexor</i>, which bends a part, is the <i>antagonist</i> of an <i>extensor</i>, which extends it.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine which opposes the action of another medicine or of a poison when absorbed into the blood or tissues.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Adversary; enemy; opponent; toe; competitor. See <er>Adversary</er>.</syn>

<h1>Antagonist</h1>
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<hw>An*tag"o*nist</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Antagonistic; opposing; counteracting; <as>as, <ex>antagonist</ex> schools of philosophy</as>.</def>

<h1>Antagonistic, Antagonistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An*tag`o*nis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*tag`o*nis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposing in combat, combating; contending or acting against; <as>as, <ex>antagonistic</ex> forces</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An*tag`o*nis"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>They were distinct, adverse, even <b>antagonistic</b>.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antagonize</h1>
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<hw>An*tag"o*nize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Antagonized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Antagonozing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Antagonism</er>.]</ety> <def>To contend with; to oppose actively; to counteract.</def>

<h1>Antagonize</h1>
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<hw>An*tag"o*nize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act in opposition.</def>

<h1>Antagony</h1>
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<hw>An*tag"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ contest: cf. F. (16th century) <ets>antagonie</ets>. See <er>Antagonism</er>.]</ety> <def>Contest; opposition; antagonism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Antagony</b> that is between Christ and Belial.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antalgic</h1>
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<hw>An*tal"gic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ pain: cf. F. <ets>antalgique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Alleviating pain.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine to alleviate pain; an anodyne.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<mhw><h1>Antalkali; 277, Antalkaline</h1>
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<hw>Ant*al"ka*li</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <hw>Ant*al"ka*line</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>alkali</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anything that neutralizes, or that counteracts an alkaline tendency in the system.</def>

<i>Hoopplw.</i>

<h1>Antalkaline</h1>
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<hw>Ant*al"ka*line</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of power to counteract alkalies.</def>

<-- p. 62  -->

<h1>Antambulacral</h1>
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<hw>Ant*am`bu*la"cral</hw> <tt><tt>(#)</tt></plu></tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Away from the ambulacral region.</def>

<h1>Antanaclasis</h1>
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<hw>Ant`an*a*cla"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ a bending back and breaking. See <er>Anaclastic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A figure which consists in repeating the same word in a different sense; <as>as, Learn some <ex>craft</ex> when young, that when old you may live without <ex>craft</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A repetition of words beginning a sentence, after a long parenthesis; <as>as, Shall that heart (which not only feels them, but which has all motions of life placed in them), <ex>shall that heart</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Antanagoge</h1>
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<hw>Ant`an*a*go"ge</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>anagoge</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure which consists in answering the charge of an adversary, by a counter charge.</def>

<h1>Antaphrodisiac</h1>
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<hw>Ant`aph*ro*dis"i*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>aphrodisiac</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Capable of blunting the venereal appetite.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> Anything that quells the venereal appetite.</def></def2>

<h1>Antaphroditic</h1>
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<hw>Ant`aph*ro*dit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ Aphrodite: cf. F. <ets>antaphroditique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Antaphrodisiac.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Antisyphilitic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Antaphroditic</h1>
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<hw>Ant`aph*ro*dit"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An antaphroditic medicine.</def>

<h1>Antapoplectic</h1>
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<hw>Ant`ap*o*plec"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>apoplectic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against apoplexy.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A medicine used against apoplexy.</def></def2>

<h1>Antarchism</h1>
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<hw>Ant*ar"chism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ government.]</ety> <def>Opposition to government in general.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Antarchist</h1>
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<hw>Ant*ar"chist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who opposes all government.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Antarchistic, Antarchistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ant`ar*chis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ant`ar*chis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposed to all human government.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Antarctic</h1>
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<hw>Ant*arc"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>antartik</ets>, OF. <ets>antartique</ets>, F. <ets>antarctique</ets>, L. <ets>antarcticus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ bear. See <er>Arctic</er>.]</ety> <def>Opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it, and applied especially to a circle, distant from the pole 23&deg; 28&min;. Thus we say the <i>antarctic</i> pole, circle, ocean, region, current, etc.</def>

<h1>Antares</h1>
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<hw>An*ta"res</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ similar to + <?/ Mars. It was thought to resemble Mars in color.]</ety> <def>The principal star in Scorpio: -- called also the <altname>Scorpion's Heart</altname>.</def>

<h1>Antarthritic</h1>
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<hw>Ant`ar*thrit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>arthritic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> Counteracting or alleviating gout.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A remedy against gout.</def>

<h1>Antasthmatic</h1>
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<hw>Ant`asth*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(? or ?; see <er>Asthma</er>; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>asthmatic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Opposing, or fitted to relieve, asthma.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A remedy for asthma.</def>

<h1>Ant-bear</h1>
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<hw>Ant"-bear`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An edentate animal of tropical America (the <i>Tamanoir</i>), living on ants. It belongs to the genus <spn>Myrmecophaga</spn>.</def>

<h1>Ant bird</h1>
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<hw>Ant" bird</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <i>Ant bird</i>, under <er>Ant</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Ant-cattle</h1>
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<hw>Ant"-cat`tle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Various kinds of plant lice or aphids tended by ants for the sake of the honeydew which they secrete. See <er>Aphips</er>.</def>

<h1>Ante-</h1>
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<hw>An"te-</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A Latin preposition and prefix; akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. <i>anti</i>, Goth. <i>and-</i>, <i>anda-</i> (only in comp.), AS. <i>and-</i>, <i>ond-</i>, (only in comp.: cf. <er>Answer</er>, <er>Along</er>), G. <i>ant-</i>, <i>ent-</i> (in comp.). The Latin <i>ante</i> is generally used in the sense of <i>before</i>, in regard to position, order, or time, and the Gr. <?/ in that of <i>opposite</i>, or <i>in the place of</i>.</def>

<h1>Ante</h1>
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<hw>An"te</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Poker Playing)</fld> <def>Each player's stake, which is put into the pool before (<i>ante</i>) the game begins.</def>

<h1>Ante</h1>
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<hw>An"te</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To put up (an ante).</def>

<h1>Anteact</h1>
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<hw>An"te*act`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A preceding act.</def>

<h1>Anteal</h1>
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<hw>An"te*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[ets>antea</ets>, <ets>ante</ets>, before. Cf. <er>Ancient</er>.]</ety> <def>Being before, or in front.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Fleming.</i>

<h1>Ant-eater</h1>
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<hw>Ant"-eat`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of edentates and monotremes that feed upon ants. See <er>Ant-bear</er>, <er>Pangolin</er>, <er>Aard-vark</er>, and <er>Echidna</er>.</def>

<h1>Antecedaneous</h1>
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<hw>An`te*ce*da"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Antecede</er>.]</ety> <def>Antecedent; preceding in time.</def> "Capable of <i>antecedaneous</i> proof."

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Antecede</h1>
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<hw>An`te*cede"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antecedere</ets>; <ets>ante + cedere</ets> to go. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety> <def>To go before in time or place; to precede; to surpass.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Antecedence</h1>
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<hw>An`te*ced"ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of going before in time; precedence.</def>

<i>H. Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An apparent motion of a planet toward the west; retrogradation.</def>

<h1>Antecedency</h1>
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<hw>An`te*ced"en*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of being antecedent; priority.</def>

<i>Fothherby.</i>

<h1>Antecedent</h1>
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<hw>An`te*ced"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antecedens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>antecedere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ant\'82c\'82dent</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Going before in time; prior; anterior; preceding; <as>as, an event <ex>antecedent</ex> to the Deluge; an <ex>antecedent</ex> cause.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Presumptive; <as>as, an <ex>antecedent</ex> improbability</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Prior; previous; foregoing.</syn>

<h1>Antecedent</h1>
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<hw>An`te*ced"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ant\'82c\'82dent</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which goes before in time; that which precedes.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>The Homeric mythology, as well as the Homeric language, has surely its <b>antecedents</b>.
<i>Max Miller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who precedes or goes in front.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>My <b>antecedent</b>, or my gentleman usher.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The earlier events of one's life; previous principles, conduct, course, history.</def>

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<blockquote>If the troops . . . prove worthy of their <b>antecedents</b>, the victory is surely ours.
<i>Gen. G. McClellan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The noun to which a relative refers; <as>as, in the sentence "Solomon was the prince who built the temple," <ex>prince</ex> is the <ex>antecedent</ex> of <ex>who</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The first or conditional part of a hypothetical proposition; <as>as, If the earth is fixed, the sun must move</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The first of the two propositions which constitute an enthymeme or contracted syllogism; as, Every man is mortal; therefore the king must die.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The first of the two terms of a ratio; the first or third of the four terms of a proportion. In the ratio <it>a</it>:<it>b</it>, <it>a</it> is the <i>antecedent</i>, and <it>b</it> the consequent.</def>

<h1>Antecedently</h1>
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<hw>An`te*ced"ent*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Previously; before in time; at a time preceding; <as>as, <ex>antecedently</ex> to conversion</as>.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Antecessor</h1>
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<hw>An`te*ces"sor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>antecedere</ets>, <ets>antecessum</ets>. See <er>Antecede</er>, <er>Ancestor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who goes before; a predecessor.</def>

<blockquote>The successor seldom prosecuting his <b>antecessor's</b> devices.
<i>Sir E. Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ancestor; a progenitor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Antechamber</h1>
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<hw>An"te*cham`ber</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>antichambre</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chamber or apartment before the chief apartment and leading into it, in which persons wait for audience; an outer chamber. See <er>Lobby</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A space viewed as the outer chamber or the entrance to an interior part.</def>

<blockquote>The mouth, the <b>antechamber</b> to the digestive canal.
<i>Todd & Bowman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antechapel</h1>
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<hw>An"te*chap`el</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The outer part of the west end of a collegiate or other chapel.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Antecians</h1>
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<hw>An*te"cians</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Ant<?/cians</er>.</def>

<h1>Antecommunion</h1>
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<hw>An`te*com*mun"ion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A name given to that part of the Anglican liturgy for the communion, which precedes the consecration of the elements.</def>

<h1>Antecursor</h1>
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<hw>An`te*cur"sor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>antecurrere</ets> to run before; <ets>ante + currere</ets> to run.]</ety> <def>A forerunner; a precursor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Antedate</h1>
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<hw>An"te*date`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Prior date; a date antecedent to another which is the actual date.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anticipation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Antedate</h1>
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<hw>An"te*date`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Antedated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Antedating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To date before the true time; to assign to an earlier date; thus, to <i>antedate</i> a deed or a bond is to give it a date anterior to the true time of its execution.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To precede in time.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To anticipate; to make before the true time.</def>

<blockquote>And antedate the bliss above.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who rather rose the day to <b>antedate</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antediluvial</h1>
<Xpage=62>

<hw>An`te*di*lu"vi*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ante-</ets> + <ets>diluvial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Before the flood, or Deluge, in Noah's time.</def>

<h1>Antediluvian</h1>
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<hw>An`te*di*lu"vi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to the period before the Deluge in Noah's time; hence, antiquated; <as>as, an <ex>antediluvian</ex> vehicle</as>.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One who lived before the Deluge.</def></def2>

<h1>Antefact</h1>
<Xpage=62>

<hw>An"te*fact`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something done before another act.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Antefix</h1>
<Xpage=62>

<hw>An"te*fix`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Antefixes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>; L. <plw>Antefixa</plw> (#).</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>ante</ets> + <ets>fixus</ets> fixed.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An ornament fixed upon a frieze.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An ornament at the eaves, concealing the ends of the joint tiles of the roof.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An ornament of the cymatium of a classic cornice, sometimes pierced for the escape of water.</def>

<h1>Anteflexion</h1>
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<hw>An`te*flex"ion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A displacement forward of an organ, esp. the uterus, in such manner that its axis is bent upon itself.</def>

<i>T. G. Thomas.</i>

<h1>Ant egg</h1>
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<hw>Ant" egg`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>One of the small white egg-shaped pup\'91 or cocoons of the ant, often seen in or about ant-hills, and popularly supposed to be eggs.</def>

<h1>Antelope</h1>
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<hw>An"te*lope</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>antelop</ets>, F. <ets>antilope</ets>, fro Gr. <?/, <?/, Eustathius, "Hexa\'89m.," p. 36, the origin of which is unknown.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group of ruminant quadrupeds, intermediate between the deer and the goat. The horns are usually annulated, or ringed. There are many species in Africa and Asia.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>antelope</b> and wolf both fierce and fell.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The common or bezoar antelope of India is <spn>Antilope bezoartica</spn>. The chamois of the Alps, the gazelle, the addax, and the eland are other species. See <er>Gazelle</er>. The pronghorn antelope <spn>(Antilocapra Americana)</spn> is found in the Rocky Mountains. See <er>Pronghorn</er>.</note>

<h1>Antelucan</h1>
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<hw>An`te*lu"can</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antelucanus</ets>; <ets>ante + lux</ets> light.]</ety> <def>Held or being before light; -- a word applied to assemblies of Christians, in ancient times of persecution, held before light in the morning.</def> "<i>Antelucan</i> worship."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Antemeridian</h1>
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<hw>An`te*me*rid"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antemeridianus</ets>; <ets>ante + meridianus</ets> belonging to midday or noon. See <er>Meridian</er>.]</ety> <def>Being before noon; in or pertaining to the forenoon. (Abbrev. <er>a</er>. <er>m</er>.)</def>

<h1>Antemetic</h1>
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<hw>Ant`e*met"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>emetic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Tending to check vomiting.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy to check or allay vomiting.</def></def2>

<h1>Antemosaic</h1>
<Xpage=62>

<hw>An`te*mo*sa"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being before the time of Moses.</def>

<h1>Antemundane</h1>
<Xpage=62>

<hw>An`te*mun"dane</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being or occurring before the creation of the world.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Antemural</h1>
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<hw>An`te*mu"ral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antemurale</ets>: <ets>ante + murus</ets> wall. See <er>Mural</er>.]</ety> <def>An outwork of a strong, high wall, with turrets, in front gateway (as of an old castle), for defending the entrance.</def>

<h1>Antenatal</h1>
<Xpage=62>

<hw>An`te*na"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Before birth.</def>

<i>Shelley.</i>

<h1>Antenicene</h1>
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<hw>An`te*ni"cene</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Of or in the Christian church or era, anterior to the first council of Nice, held <sc>a. d.</sc> 325; <as>as, <ex>antenicene</ex> faith</as>.</def>

<h1>Antenna</h1>
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<hw>An*ten"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Antenn\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>antenna</ets> sail-yard; NL., a feeler, horn of an insect.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A movable, articulated organ of sensation, attached to the heads of insects and Crustacea. There are two in the former, and usually four in the latter. They are used as organs of touch, and in some species of Crustacea the cavity of the ear is situated near the basal joint. In insects, they are popularly called <i>horns</i>, and also <i>feelers</i>. The term in also applied to similar organs on the heads of other arthropods and of annelids.</def>

<h1>Antennal</h1>
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<hw>An*ten"nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the antenn\'91.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Antenniferous</h1>
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<hw>An`ten*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Antenna</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Bearing or having antenn\'91.</def>

<h1>Antenniform</h1>
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<hw>An*ten"ni*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Antenna</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like antenn\'91.</def>

<h1>Antennule</h1>
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<hw>An*ten"nule</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>antenna</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small antenna; -- applied to the smaller pair of antenn\'91 or feelers of Crustacea.</def>

<h1>Antenumber</h1>
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<hw>An`te*num"ber</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A number that precedes another.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Antenuptial</h1>
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<hw>An`te*nup"tial</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Preceding marriage; <as>as, an <ex>antenuptial</ex> agreement</as>.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Anteorbital</h1>
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<hw>An`te*or"bit*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antorbital</er>.</def>

<h1>Antepaschal</h1>
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<hw>An`te*pas"chal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the time before the Passover, or before Easter.</def>

<h1>Antepast</h1>
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<hw>An"te*past</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ante-</ets> + L. <ets>pastus</ets> pasture, food. Cf. <er>Repast</er>.]</ety> <def>A foretaste.</def>

<blockquote><b>Antepasts</b> of joy and comforts.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antependium</h1>
<Xpage=62>

<hw>An`te*pen"di*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., fr. L. <ets>ante + pendere</ets> to hang.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The hangings or screen in front of the altar; an altar cloth; the frontal.</def>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Antepenult,  Antepenultima</h1>
<Xpage=62>

<hw><hw>An`te*pe"nult</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,  <hw>An`te*pe*nult"i*ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antepaenultima</ets> (sc. <ets>syllaba</ets>) antepenultimate; <ets>ante</ets> before + <ets>paenultimus</ets> the last but one; <ets>paene</ets> almost + <ets>ultimus</ets> last.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>The last syllable of a word except two, as -<i>syl</i> in <i>monosyllable</i>.</def>

<h1>Antepenultimate</h1>
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<hw>An`te*pe*nult"i*mate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the last syllable but two.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>The antepenult.</def>

<h1>Antephialtic</h1>
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<hw>Ant`eph*i*al"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ nightmare.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against nightmare.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A remedy nightmare.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Antepileptic</h1>
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<hw>Ant`ep*i*lep"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>epileptic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against epilepsy.</def>  -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine for epilepsy.</def></wordforms>

<h1>Antepone</h1>
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<hw>An"te*pone</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anteponere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To put before; to prefer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Anteport</h1>
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<hw>An"te*port</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>anteporta</ets>.]</ety> <def>An outer port, gate, or door.</def>

<h1>Anteportico</h1>
<Xpage=62>

<hw>An`te*por"ti*co</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An outer porch or vestibule.</def>

<h1>Anteposition</h1>
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<hw>An`te*po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>antepositio</ets>. See <er>Position</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The placing of a before another, which, by ordinary rules, ought to follow it.</def>

<h1>Anteprandial</h1>
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<hw>An`te*pran"di*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Preceding dinner.</def>

<h1>Antepredicament</h1>
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<hw>An`te*pre*dic"a*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A prerequisite to a clear understanding of the predicaments and categories, such as definitions of common terms.</def>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Anterior</h1>
<Xpage=62>

<hw>An*te"ri*or</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anterior</ets>, comp. of <ets>ante</ets> before.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Before in time; antecedent.</def>

<blockquote>Antigonus, who was <b>anterior</b> to Polybius.
<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Before, or toward the front, in place; <as>as, the <ex>anterior</ex> part of the mouth; -- opposed to <ex>posterior</ex>.</as></def>

<note>&hand; In comparative anatomy, <i>anterior</i> often signifies at or toward the head, cephalic; and in human anatomy it is often used for <i>ventral</i>.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Antecedent; previous; precedent; preceding; former; foregoing.</syn>

<h1>Anteriority</h1>
<Xpage=62>

<hw>An*te`ri*or"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>anterioritas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being anterior or preceding in time or in situation; priority.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Anteriorly</h1>
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<hw>An*te"ri*or*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an anterior manner; before.</def>

<h1>Anteroom</h1>
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<hw>An"te*room</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A room before, or forming an entrance to, another; a waiting room.</def>

<h1>Antero-</h1>
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<hw>An"te*ro-</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A combining form meaning <i>anterior</i>, <i>front</i>; <i>as</i>, <i>antero</i>-posterior, front and back; <i>antero</i>-lateral, front side, anterior and at the side.</def>

<mhw><h1>Antes, n. pl. Ant\'91</h1>
<Xpage=62>

<hw>An"tes</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <hw>Ant\'91</hw>. <def>See <er>Anta</er>.</def>

<h1>Antestature</h1>
<Xpage=62>

<hw>An`te*stat"ure</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A small intrenchment or work of palisades, or of sacks of earth.</def>

<h1>Antestomach</h1>
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<hw>An"te*stom`ach</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cavity which leads into the stomach, as in birds.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Antetemple</h1>
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<hw>An"te*tem`ple</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The portico, or narthex in an ancient temple or church.</def>

<h1>Anteversion</h1>
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<hw>An`te*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ante-</ets> + L. <ets>vertere</ets>, <ets>versum</ets>, to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A displacement of an organ, esp. of the uterus, in such manner that its whole axis is directed further forward than usual.</def>

<h1>Antevert</h1>
<Xpage=62>

<hw>An`te*vert"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antevertere</ets>; <ets>ante + vertere</ets> to turn.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To prevent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To displace by anteversion.</def>

<h1>Anthelion</h1>
<Xpage=62>

<hw>Ant*hel"ion</hw> <tt>(?; 277, 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anthelia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti</ets> + Gr. <?/ sun.]</ety> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>A halo opposite the sun, consisting of a colored ring or rings around the shadow of the spectator's own head, as projected on a cloud or on an opposite fog bank.</def>

<-- p. 63  -->

<h1>Anthelix</h1>
<Xpage=63>

<hw>Ant"he*lix</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antihelix</er>.</def>

<h1>Anthelmintic</h1>
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<hw>An"thel*min"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, worm, esp. a tapeworm, or mawworm..]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against intestinal worms. --  An <i>anthelmintic</i> remedy.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>anthelminthic</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Anthem</h1>
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<hw>An"them</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>antym</ets>, <ets>antefne</ets>, AS. <ets>antefen</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>antiphona</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, neut. pl. of <?/ antiphon, or anthem, n. neut., from <?/ sounding contrary, returning a sound; <?/ over against + <?/ sound, voice: the anthem being sung by the choristers alternately, one half-choir answering the other: cf. OF. <ets>anthaine</ets>, <ets>anteine</ets>, <ets>antieune</ets>, F. <ets>antienne</ets>. See <er>Antiphon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Formerly, a hymn sung in alternate parts, in present usage, a selection from the Psalms, or other parts of the Scriptures or the liturgy, set to sacred music.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A song or hymn of praise.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Anthem</h1>
<Xpage=63>

<hw>An"them</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To celebrate with anthems.</def> <mark>[Poet.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sweet birds <b>antheming</b> the morn.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

 <h1>Anthemion</h1>
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<hw>An*the"mi*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <ety>[ fr. Gr. <?/ flower.]</ety> <def>A floral ornament. See <er>Palmette</er></def>.

<h1>Anthemis</h1>
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<hw>An"the*mis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, equiv. to <?/ flower; an herb like our chamomile.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Chamomile; a genus of composite, herbaceous plants.</def>

<h1>Anthemwise</h1>
<Xpage=63>

<hw>An"them*wise`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Alternately.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Anther</h1>
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<hw>An"ther</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>anth\'8are</ets>, L. <ets>anthera</ets> a medicine composed of flowers, fr. Gr. <?/ flowery, fr. <?/ to bloom, <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>That part of the stamen containing the pollen, or fertilizing dust, which, when mature, is emitted for the impregnation of the ovary.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An"ther*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antheridium</h1>
<Xpage=63>

<hw>An`ther*id"i*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anthplwidia</er> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Anther</ets> + <?/ (a Gr. diminutive ending).]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The male reproductive apparatus in the lower, consisting of a cell or other cavity in which spermatozoids are produced; -- called also <altname>spermary</altname>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`ther*id"i*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antheriferous</h1>
<Xpage=63>

<hw>An`ther*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Anther</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Producing anthers, as plants.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Supporting anthers, as a part of a flower.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Antheriform</h1>
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<hw>An*ther"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Anther</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like an anther; anther-shaped.</def>

<h1>Antherogenous</h1>
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<hw>An`ther*og"e*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Anther</ets> + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Transformed from anthers, as the petals of a double flower.</def>

<h1>Antheroid</h1>
<Xpage=63>

<hw>An"ther*oid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Anther</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling an anther.</def>

<h1>Antherozoid, Antherozooid</h1>
<Xpage=63>

<hw><hw>An`ther*o*zoid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`ther*o*zoo"id</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flowery + <?/ animal + <ets>-oid</ets>. See <er>Zooid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the mobile male reproductive bodies in the antheridia of cryptogams.</def>

<h1>Anthesis</h1>
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<hw>An*the"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bloom, fr. <?/ to bloom, <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The period or state of full expansion in a flower.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Ant-hill</h1>
<Xpage=63>

<hw>Ant"-hill</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mound thrown up by ants or by termites in forming their nests.</def>

<h1>Anthobian</h1>
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<hw>An*tho"bi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flower +  <?/ life.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beetle which feeds on flowers.</def>

<h1>Anthobranchia</h1>
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<hw>An`tho*bran"chi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ flower + <?/ gills, n. pl.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of nudibranchiate Mollusca, in which the gills form a wreath or cluster upon the posterior part of the back. See <er>Nudibranchiata</er>, and <er>Doris</er>.</def>

<h1>Anthocarpous</h1>
<Xpage=63>

<hw>An`tho*car"pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flower + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having some portion of the floral envelopes attached to the pericarp to form the fruit, as in the checkerberry, the mulberry, and the pineapple.</def>

<h1>Anthocyanin</h1>
<Xpage=63>

<hw>An`tho*cy"a*nin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Anthokyan</er>.</def>

<h1>Anthodium</h1>
<Xpage=63>

<hw>An*tho"di*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ like flowers, flowery; <?/ flower + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The inflorescence of a compound flower in which many florets are gathered into a involucrate head.</def>

<h1>Anthography</h1>
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<hw>An*thog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flower + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of flowers.</def>

<h1>Anthoid</h1>
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<hw>An"thoid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flower + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling a flower; flowerlike.</def>

<h1>Anthokyan</h1>
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<hw>An`tho*ky"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flower + <?/ blue.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The blue coloring matter of certain flowers. Same as <er>Cyanin</er>.</def>

<h1>Antholite</h1>
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<hw>An"tho*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flower + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil plant, like a petrified flower.</def>

<h1>Anthological</h1>
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<hw>An`tho*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to anthology; consisting of beautiful extracts from different authors, especially the poets.</def>

<blockquote>He published a geographical and <b>anthological</b> description of all empires and kingdoms . . . in this terrestrial globe.
<i>Wood.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anthologist</h1>
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<hw>An*thol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who compiles an anthology.</def>

<h1>Anthology</h1>
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<hw>An*thol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ flower gathering; <?/ flower + <?/ to gather.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A discourses on flowers.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collection of flowers; a garland.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A collection of flowers of literature, that is, beautiful passages from authors; a collection of poems or epigrams; -- particularly applied to a collection of ancient Greek epigrams.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gr. Ch.)</fld> <def>A service book containing a selection of pieces for the festival services.</def>

<h1>Anthomania</h1>
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<hw>An`tho*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flower <?/ madness.]</ety> <def>A extravagant fondness for flowers.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anthony's Fire</h1>
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<hw>An"tho*ny's Fire`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>See <i>Saint Anthony's Fire</i>, under <er>Saint</er>.</def>

<h1>Anthophagous</h1>
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<hw>An*thoph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flower + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Eating flowers; -- said of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Anthophore</h1>
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<hw>An"tho*phore</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bearing flowers; <?/ flower + <?/ bearing, <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The stipe when developed into an internode between calyx and corolla, as in the Pink family.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Anthophorous</h1>
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<hw>An*thoph"o*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Flower bearing; supporting the flower.</def>

<h1>Anthophyllite</h1>
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<hw>An*thoph"yl*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>anthophyllum</ets> clove.]</ety> <def>A mineral of the hornblende group, of a yellowish gray or clove brown color.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`tho*phyl*lit"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anthorism</h1>
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<hw>An"tho*rism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ to bound, define.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A description or definition contrary to that which is given by the adverse party.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anthotaxy</h1>
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<hw>An"tho*tax`y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flower +  <?/ order.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The arrangement of flowers in a cluster; the science of the relative position of flowers; inflorescence.</def>

<h1>Anthozoa</h1>
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<hw>An`tho*zo"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ flower + <?/ animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The class of the C\'d2lenterata which includes the corals and sea anemones. The three principal groups or orders are <spn>Acyonaria</spn>, <spn>Actinaria</spn>, and <spn>Madreporaria</spn>.</def>

<h1>Anthozoan</h1>
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<hw>An`tho*zo"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Anthozoa.</def>  -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Anthozoa.</def></wordforms>

<h1>Anthozoic</h1>
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<hw>An"tho*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Anthozoa.</def>

<h1>Anthracene</h1>
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<hw>An"thra*cene</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ coal.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A solid hydrocarbon, <chform>C6H4.C2H2.C6H4</chform>, which accompanies naphthalene in the last stages of the distillation of coal tar. Its chief use is in the artificial production of alizarin.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>anthracin</asp>.]</altsp><-- tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. -->

<h1>Anthracic</h1>
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<hw>An*thrac"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to anthrax; <as>as, <ex>anthracic</ex> blood</as>.</def>

<h1>Anthraciferous</h1>
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<hw>An`thra*cif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ coal + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Yielding anthracite; <as>as, <ex>anthraciferous</ex> strata</as>.</def>

<h1>Anthracite</h1>
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<hw>An"thra*cite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anthracites</ets> a kind of bloodstone; fr. Gr. <?/ like coals, fr. <?/, <?/, coal or charcoal. Cf. <er>Anthrax</er>.]</ety> <def>A hard, compact variety of mineral coal, of high luster, differing from bituminous coal in containing little or no bitumen, in consequence of which it burns with a nearly non luminous flame. The purer specimens consist almost wholly of carbon. Also called <i>glance coal</i> and <i>blind coal</i>.</def>

<h1>Anthracitic</h1>
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<hw>An"thra*cit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or like, anthracite; <as>as, <ex>anthracitic</ex> formations</as>.</def>

<h1>Anthracoid</h1>
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<hw>An"thra*coid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Anthrax</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Resembling anthrax in action; of the nature of anthrax; <as>as, an <ex>anthracoid</ex> microbe</as>.</def>

<h1>Anthracomancy</h1>
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<hw>An"thra*co*man`cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, coal + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by inspecting a burning coal.</def>

<h1>Anthracometer</h1>
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<hw>An`thra*com"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ coal, carbon + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the amount of carbonic acid in a mixture.</def>

<h1>Anthracometric</h1>
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<hw>An`thra*co*met"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an anthracometer.</def>

<h1>Anthraonite</h1>
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<hw>An*thra"o*nite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Anthracite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A coal-black marble, usually emitting a fetid smell when rubbed; -- called also <altname>stinkstone</altname> and <altname>swinestone</altname>.</def>

<h1>Anthraquinone</h1>
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<hw>An`thra*qui"none</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Anthra</ets>cene + <ets>quinone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon, <chform>C6H4.C2O2.C6H4</chform>, subliming in shining yellow needles. It is obtained by oxidation of anthracene.</def>

<h1>Anthrax</h1>
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<hw>An"thrax</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ coal, carbuncle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A carbuncle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A malignant pustule.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A microscopic, bacterial organism <spn>(Bacillus anthracis)</spn>, resembling transparent rods. [See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Bacillus</er>.]</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An infectious disease of cattle and sheep. It is ascribed to the presence of a rod-shaped bacterium <spn>(Bacillus anthracis)</spn>, the spores of which constitute the contagious matter. It may be transmitted to man by inoculation. The spleen becomes greatly enlarged and filled with bacteria. Called also <altname>splenic fever</altname>.</def>

<h1>Anthrenus</h1>
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<hw>An*thre"nus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a hornet.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small beetles, several of which, in the larval state, are very destructive to woolen goods, fur, etc. The common "museum pest" is <spn>A. varius</spn>; the carpet beetle is <spn>A. scrophulari\'91</spn>. The larv\'91 are commonly confounded with moths.</def>

<h1>Anthropic, Anthropical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An*throp"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*throp"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ man.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or related to man; human.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Anthropid\'91</h1>
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<hw>An*throp"i*d\'91</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ man.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The group that includes man only.</def>

<h1>Anthropocentric</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*cen"tric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <?/ center.]</ety> <def>Assuming man as the center or ultimate end; -- applied to theories of the universe or of any part of it, as the solar system.</def>

<i>Draper.</i>

<h1>Anthropogenic</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to anthropogeny.</def>

<h1>Anthropogeny</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*pog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <?/ birth.]</ety> <def>The science or study of human generation, or the origin and development of man.</def>

<h1>Anthropoglot</h1>
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<hw>An*throp"o*glot</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ man + <?/, <?/, tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal which has a tongue resembling that of man, as the parrot.</def>

<h1>Anthropography</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*pog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of anthropology which treats of the actual distribution of the human race in its different divisions, as distinguished by physical character, language, institutions, and customs, in contradistinction to <i>ethnography</i>, which treats historically of the origin and filiation of races and nations.</def>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Anthropoid</h1>
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<hw>An"thro*poid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling man; -- applied especially to certain apes, as the ourang or gorilla.</def>  -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> <def>An anthropoid ape.</def></wordforms>

<h1>Anthropoidal</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*poid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anthropoid.</def>

<h1>Anthropoidea</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*poid"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Anthropoid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The suborder of primates which includes the monkeys, apes, and man.</def>

<h1>Anthropolatry</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*pol"a*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <?/ worship.]</ety> <def>Man worship.</def>

<h1>Anthropolite</h1>
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<hw>An*throp"o*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A petrifaction of the human body, or of any portion of it.</def>

<h1>Anthropologic, Anthropological</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`thro*po*log"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`thro*po*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to anthropology; belonging to the nature of man.</def>  "<i>Anthropologic</i> wisdom." <i>Kingsley</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>An`thro*po*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anthropologist</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*pol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is versed in anthropology.</def>

<h1>Anthropology</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*pol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science of the structure and functions of the human body.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The science of man; -- sometimes used in a limited sense to mean the study of man as an object of natural history, or as an animal.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That manner of expression by which the inspired writers attribute human parts and passions to God.</def>

<h1>Anthropomancy</h1>
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<hw>An"thro*po*man`cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by the entrails of human being.</def>

<h1>Anthropometric, Anthropometrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`thro*po*met"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`thro*po*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to anthropometry.</def>

<h1>Anthropometry</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*pom"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <ets>-mercy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Measurement of the height and other dimensions of human beings, especially at different ages, or in different races, occupations, etc.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Anthropomorpha</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor"pha</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Anthropomorphism</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The manlike, or anthropoid, apes.</def>

<h1>Anthropomorphic</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to anthromorphism. <i>Hadley</i>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`thro*po*mor"phic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anthropomorphism</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of human form; <?/ man + <?/ form.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The representation of the Deity, or of a polytheistic deity, under a human form, or with human attributes and affections.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The ascription of human characteristics to things not human.</def>

<h1>Anthropomorphist</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who attributes the human form or other human attributes to the Deity or to anything not human.</def>

<h1>Anthropomorphite</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who ascribes a human form or human attributes to the Deity or to a polytheistic deity. <i>Taylor</i>. Specifically, one of a sect of ancient heretics who believed that God has a human form, etc. <i>Tillotson</i>.</def>

<h1>Anthropomorphitic</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor*phit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>to anthropomorphism.</def>

<i>Kitto.</i>

<h1>Anthropomorphitism</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phi*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anthropomorphism.</def>

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<h1>Anthropomorphize</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To attribute a human form or personality to.</def>

<blockquote>You may see imaginative children every day <b>anthropomorphizing</b>.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anthropomorphology</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor*phol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-logy</ets>. See <er>Anthropomorphism</er>.]</ety> <def>The application to God of terms descriptive of human beings.</def>

<h1>Anthropomorphosis</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor"pho*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Transformation into the form of a human being.</def>

<h1>Anthropomorphous</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the figure of, or resemblance to, a man; <as>as, an <ex>anthromorphous</ex> plant</as>.</def> "<i>Anthromorphous</i> apes."

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Anthropopathic, Anthropopathical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`thro*po*path"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`thro*po*path"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to anthropopathy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>An`thro*po*path"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms></def>

<blockquote>The daring <b>anthropopathic</b> imagery by which the prophets often represent God as chiding, upbraiding, threatening.
<i>H. Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anthropopathism, Anthropopathy</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`thro*pop"a*thism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`thro*pop"a*thy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ man + <?/ suffering, affection, passion, <?/, <?/, to suffer.]</ety> <def>The ascription of human feelings or passions to God, or to a polytheistic deity.</def>

<blockquote>In its recoil from the gross <b>anthropopathy</b> of the vulgar notions, it falls into the vacuum of absolute apathy.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anthropophagi</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*poph"a*gi</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ eating men; <?/ man + + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <def>Man eaters; cannibals.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Anthropophagic, Anthropophagical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`thro*po*phag"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`thro*po*phag"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to cannibalism or anthropophagy.</def>

<h1>Anthropophaginian</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*poph`a*gin"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who east human flesh.</def> <mark>[Ludicrous]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Anthropophagite</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*poph"a*gite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cannibal.</def>

<i>W. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Anthropophagous</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*poph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Feeding on human flesh; cannibal.</def>

<h1>Anthropophagy</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*poph"a*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>The eating of human flesh; cannibalism.</def>

<-- p. 64  -->

<h1>Anthropophuism</h1>
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<hw>An"thro*poph"u*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of man's nature; <?/ a man + <?/ nature.]</ety> <def>Human nature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gladstone.</i>

<h1>Anthroposcopy</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*pos"co*py</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <ets>-scopy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of discovering or judging of a man's character, passions. and inclinations from a study of his visible features.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anthroposophy</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*pos"o*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <?/ wisdom, knowledge.]</ety> <def>Knowledge of the nature of man; hence, human wisdom.</def>

<h1>Anthropotomical</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*po*tom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to anthropotomy, or the dissection of human bodies.</def>

<h1>Anthropotomist</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*pot"o*mist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is versed in anthropotomy, or human anatomy.</def>

<h1>Anthropotomy</h1>
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<hw>An`thro*pot"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <?/ a cutting.]</ety> <def>The anatomy or dissection of the human body; androtomy.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Anthypnotic</h1>
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<hw>Ant`hyp*not"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>See <er>Antihypnotic</er>.</def>

<h1>Anthypochondriac</h1>
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<hw>Ant`hyp*o*chon"dri*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Antihypochondriac</er>.</def>

<h1>Anthysteric</h1>
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<hw>Ant`hys*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Antihysteric</er>.</def>

<h1>Anti</h1>
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<hw>An"ti</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ against. See <er>Ante</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix meaning <i>against</i>, <i>opposite</i> or <i>opposed to</i>, <i>contrary</i>, or <i>in place of</i>; -- used in composition in many English words. It is often shortened to <i>ant</i>-; <as>as, <ex>ant</ex>acid, <ex>ant</ex>arctic</as>.</def>

<h1>Anti\'91</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*\'91</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., forelock.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The two projecting feathered angles of the forehead of some birds; the frontal points.</def>

<h1>Antialbumid</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*al*bu"mid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>-albumin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A body formed from albumin by pancreatic and gastric digestion. It is convertible into antipeptone.</def>

<h1>Antialbumose</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*al"bu*mose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Albumose</er>.</def>

<h1>Anti-American</h1>
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<hw>An`ti-A*mer"i*can</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposed to the Americans, their aims, or interests, or to the genius of American institutions.</def>

<i>Marshall.</i>

<h1>Antiaphrodisiac</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*aph`ro*dis"i*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Antaphrodisiac</er>.</def>

<h1>Antiapoplectic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ap`o*plec"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antapoplectic</er>.</def>

<h1>Antiar</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*ar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Jav. <ets>antjar</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Virulent poison prepared in Java from the gum resin of one species of the upas tree <spn>(Antiaris toxicaria)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Antiarin</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*a*rin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous principle obtained from antiar.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Antiasthmatic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*asth*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Antasthmatic</er>.</def>

<h1>Antiattrition</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*at*tri"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything to prevent the effects of friction, esp. a compound lubricant for machinery, etc., often consisting of plumbago, with some greasy material; antifriction grease.</def>

<h1>Antibacchius</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*bac*chi"us</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/. See <er>Bacchius</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A foot of three syllables, the first two long, and the last short (#).</def>

<h1>Antibillous</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*bil"lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Counteractive of bilious complaints; tending to relieve biliousness.</def>

<h1>Antibrachial</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*brach"i*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the antibrachium, or forearm.</def>

<h1>Antibrachium</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*brach"i*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>That part of the fore limb between the brachium and the carpus; the forearm.</def>

<h1>Antibromic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*bro"mic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a stink.]</ety> <def>An agent that destroys offensive smells; a deodorizer.</def>

<h1>Antiburgher</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*burgh"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who seceded from the Burghers (1747), deeming it improper to take the Burgess oath.</def>

<h1>Antic</h1>
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<hw>An"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[The same word as <ets>antique</ets>; cf. It. <ets>antico</ets> ancient. See <er>Antique</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Old; antique.</def> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def></def>"Lords of <i>antic</i> fame."

<i>Phaer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Odd; fantastic; fanciful; grotesque; ludicrous.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>antic</b> postures of a merry-andrew.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Saxons . . . worshiped many idols, barbarous in name, some monstrous, all <b>antic</b> for shape.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antic</h1>
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<hw>An"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A buffoon or merry-andrew; one that practices odd gesticulations; the Fool of the old play.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An odd imagery, device, or tracery; a fantastic figure.</def>

<blockquote>Woven with <b>antics</b> and wild imagery.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A grotesque trick; a piece of buffoonery; a caper.</def>

<blockquote>And fraught with <b>antics</b> as the Indian bird
That writhes and chatters in her wiry cage.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A grotesque representation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An antimask.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Performed by knights and ladies of his court
In nature of an <b>antic</b>.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antic</h1>
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<hw>An"tic</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Anticked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>, <er>Antickt</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make appear like a buffoon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Antic</h1>
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<hw>An"tic</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To perform antics.</def>

<h1>Anticatarrhal</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ca*tarrh`al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Efficacious against catarrh.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An anticatarrhal remedy.</def></def2>

<h1>Anticathode</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*cath"ode</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Phys.)</fld> <def>The part of a vacuum tube opposite the cathode. Upon it the cathode rays impinge.</def>

<h1>Anticausodic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*cau*sod"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Anticausotic</er>.</def>

<h1>Anticausotic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*cau*sot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fever, <?/ to burn.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against an inflammatory fever.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy for such a fever.</def></def2>

<h1>Antichamber</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*cham`ber</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Antechamber</er>.</def>

<h1>Antichlor</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*chlor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>chlor</ets>ine.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any substance (but especially sodium hyposulphite) used in removing the excess of chlorine left in paper pulp or stuffs after bleaching.</def>

<h1>Antichrist</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*christ</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Antichristus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/.]</ety> <def>A denier or opponent of Christ. Specif.: A great antagonist, person or power, expected to precede Christ's second coming.</def>

<h1>Antichristian</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*chris"tian</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposed to the Christian religion.</def>

<h1>Antichristianism, Antichristianity</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`ti*chris"tian*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`ti*chris*tian"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Opposition or contrariety to the Christian religion.</def>

<h1>Antichristianly</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*chris"tian*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an antichristian manner.</def>

<h1>Antichronical</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*chron"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deviating from the proper order of time.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`ti*chron"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antichronism</h1>
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<hw>An*tich"ro*nism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/ time.]</ety> <def>Deviation from the true order of time; anachronism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Selden.</i>

<h1>Antichthon</h1>
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<hw>An*tich"thon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Antichthones</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/ the earth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hypothetical earth counter to ours, or on the opposite side of the sun.</def>

<i>Grote.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Inhabitants of opposite hemispheres.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Anticipant</h1>
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<hw>An*tic"i*pant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anticipans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>anticipare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anticipating; expectant; -- with <i>of.</i></def>

<blockquote>Wakening guilt, <b>anticipant</b> of hell.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anticipate</h1>
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<hw>An*tic"i*pate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Anticipated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Anticipating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>anticipatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>anticipare</ets> to anticipate; <ets>ante + capere</ets> to make. See <er>Capable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be before in doing; to do or take before another; to preclude or prevent by prior action.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>anticipate</b> and prevent the duke's purpose.
<i>R. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He would probably have died by the hand of the executioner, if indeed the executioner had not been <b>anticipated</b> by the populace.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take up or introduce beforehand, or before the proper or normal time; to cause to occur earlier or prematurely; <as>as, the advocate has <ex>anticipated</ex> a part of his argument</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To foresee (a wish, command, etc.) and do beforehand that which will be desired.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To foretaste or foresee; to have a previous view or impression of; <as>as, to <ex>anticipate</ex> the pleasures of a visit; to <ex>anticipate</ex> the evils of life.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To prevent; obviate; preclude; forestall; expect.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Anticipate</er>, <er>Expect</er>. These words, as here compared, agree in regarding some future event as about to take place. <i>Expect</i> is the stringer. It supposes some ground or reason in the mind for considering the event as likely to happen. <i>Anticipate</i> is, literally, to <i>take beforehand</i>, and here denotes simply to take into the mind as conception of the future. Hence, to say, "I did not <i>anticipate</i> a refusal," expresses something less definite and strong than to say, " <i>did not expect</i> it." Still, <i>anticipate</i> is a convenient word to be interchanged with <i>expect</i> in cases where the thought will allow.</usage>

<blockquote>Good with bad
<b>Expect</b> to hear; supernal grace contending
With sinfulness of men.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I would not <b>anticipate</b> the relish of any happiness, nor feel the weight of any misery, before it actually arrives.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Timid men were <b>anticipating</b> another civil war.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anticipation</h1>
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<hw>An*tic`i*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anticipatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anticipation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of anticipating, taking up, placing, or considering something beforehand, or before the proper time in natural order.</def>

<blockquote>So shall my <b>anticipation</b> prevent your discovery.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Previous view or impression of what is to happen; instinctive prevision; foretaste; antepast; <as>as, the <ex>anticipation</ex> of the joys of heaven</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The happy <b>anticipation</b> of renewed existence in company with the spirits of the just.
<i>Thodey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hasty notion; intuitive preconception.</def>

<blockquote>Many men give themselves up to the first <b>anticipations</b> of their minds.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The commencing of one or more tones of a chord with or during the chord preceding, forming a momentary discord.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Preoccupation; preclusion; foretaste; prelibation; antepast; pregustation; preconception; expectation; foresight; forethought.</syn>

<h1>Anticipative</h1>
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<hw>An*tic"i*pa*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anticipating, or containing anticipation.</def> "<i>Anticipative</i> of the feast to come." <i>Cary</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>An*tic"i*pa*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Anticipator</h1>
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<hw>An*tic"i*pa`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who anticipates.</def>

<h1>Anticipatory</h1>
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<hw>An*tic"i*pa*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Forecasting; of the nature of anticipation.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<blockquote>Here is an <b>anticipatory</b> glance of what was to be.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anticivic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*civ"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Opposed to citizenship.</def>

<h1>Anticivism</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*civ"ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Opposition to the body politic of citizens.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Anticlastic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*clas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> = Gr. <?/ to break.]</ety> <def>Having to opposite curvatures, that is, curved longitudinally in one direction and transversely in the opposite direction, as the surface of a saddle.</def>

<h1>Anticlimax</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*cli"max</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A sentence in which the ideas fall, or become less important and striking, at the close; -- the opposite of <i>climax</i>. It produces a ridiculous effect. Example:</def>

<blockquote>Next comes Dalhousie, the great god of war,

<blockquote>Lieutenant-colonel to the Earl <?/<?/ Mar.

<h1>Anticlinal</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*cli"nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to incline.]</ety> <def>Inclining or dipping in opposite directions. See <er>Synclinal</er>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Anticlinal line</col>, <col>Anticlinal axis</col></mcol> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a line from which strata dip in opposite directions, as from the ridge of a roof.</cd> -- <col>Anticlinal vertebra</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one of the dorsal vertebr\'91, which in many animals has an upright spine toward which the spines of the neighboring vertebr\'91 are inclined.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anticlinal</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*cli"nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The crest or line in which strata slope or dip in opposite directions.</def>

<h1>Anticlinorium</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*cli*no"ri*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anticlinoria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ against + <?/ to incline + <?/ mountain.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The upward elevation of the crust of the earth, resulting from a geanticlinal.</def>

<h1>Anticly</h1>
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<hw>An"tic*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Oddly; grotesquely.</def>

<h1>Antic-mask</h1>
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<hw>An"tic-mask`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An antimask.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Anticness</h1>
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<hw>An"tic*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being antic.</def>

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Anticonstitutional</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*con`sti*tu"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposed to the constitution; unconstitutional.</def>

<h1>Anticontagious</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*con*ta"gious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Opposing or destroying contagion.</def>

<h1>Anticonvulsive</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*con*vul"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against convulsions.</def>

<i>J. Floyer.</i>

<h1>Anticor</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*cor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + L. <ets>cor</ets> heart; cf. F. <ets>antic<?/ur</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A dangerous inflammatory swelling of a horse's breast, just opposite the heart.</def>

<h1>Anticous</h1>
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<hw>An*ti"cous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anticus</ets> in front, foremost, fr. <ets>ante</ets> before.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Facing toward the axis of the flower, as in the introrse anthers of the water lily.</def>

<h1>Anticyclone</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*cy`clone</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Meteorol.)</fld> <def>A movement of the atmosphere opposite in character, as regards direction of the wind and distribution of barometric pressure, to that of a cyclone.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`ti*cy*clon"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> -- <wf>An`ti*cy*clon"ic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antidotal</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*do`tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>(#) <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the quality an antidote; fitted to counteract the effects of poison.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>An"ti*do`tal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antidotary</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*do`ta*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Antidotal.</def>  -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> Antidote; also, a book of antidotes.</wordforms>

<h1>Antidote</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*dote</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antidotum</ets>, Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), fr. <?/ given against; <?/ against + <?/ to give: cf. F. <ets>antidote</ets>. See <er>Dose</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A remedy to counteract the effects of poison, or of anything noxious taken into the stomach; -- used with <i>against</i>, <i>for</i>, or <i>to</i>; <as>as, an <ex>antidote</ex> against, for, or to, poison</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Whatever tends to prevent mischievous effects, or to counteract evil which something else might produce.</def>

<h1>Antidote</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*dote</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To counteract or prevent the effects of, by giving or taking an antidote.</def>

<blockquote>Nor could Alexander himself . . . <b>antidote</b> . . . the poisonous draught, when it had once got into his veins.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fortify or preserve by an antidote.</def>

<h1>Antidotical</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*dot"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving as an antidote.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`ti*dot"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antidromous</h1>
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<hw>An*tid"ro*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a running.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Changing the direction in the spiral sequence of leaves on a stem.</def>

<h1>Antidysenteric</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*dys`en*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against dysentery.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A medicine for dysentery.</def></def2>

<h1>Antiemetic</h1>
<Xpage=64>

<hw>An`ti*e*met"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. <?/ n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antemetic</er>.</def>

<h1>Antiephialtic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*eph`i*al"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antephialtic</er>.</def>

<h1>Antiepileptic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ep`i*lep"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antepileptic</er>.</def>

<h1>Antifebrile</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*fe"brile</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Febrifuge.</def>

<h1>Antifebrine</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*feb"rine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Acetanilide.</def>

<h1>Anti-federalist</h1>
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<hw>An`ti-fed"er*al*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of party opposed to a federative government; -- applied particularly to the party which opposed the adoption of the constitution of the United States.</def>

<i>Pickering.</i>

<h1>Antifriction</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*fric"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something to lesse<?/ friction; antiattrition. -- <i>a</i>. Tending to lessen friction.</def>

<h1>Antigalastic</h1>
<Xpage=64>

<hw>An`ti*ga*las"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, milk.]</ety> <def>Causing a diminution or a suppression of the secretion of milk.</def>

<h1>Anti-Gallican</h1>
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<hw>An`ti-Gal"li*can</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposed to what is Gallic or French.</def>

<h1>Antigraph</h1>
<Xpage=64>

<hw>An"ti*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a transcribing: cf. F. <ets>antigraphe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A copy or transcript.</def>

<h1>Antiguggler</h1>
<Xpage=64>

<hw>An`ti*gug"gler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>guggle</ets> or <ets>gurgle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A crooked tube of metal, to be introduced into the neck of a bottle for drawing out the liquid without disturbing the sediment or causing a gurgling noise.</def>

<h1>Antihelix</h1>
<Xpage=64>

<hw>An`ti*he"lix</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The curved elevation of the cartilage of the ear, within or in front of the helix. See <er>Ear</er>.</def>

<h1>Antihemorrhagic</h1>
<Xpage=64>

<hw>An`ti*hem`or*rhag"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Tending to stop hemorrhage.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy for hemorrhage.</def></def2>

<h1>Antihydrophobic</h1>
<Xpage=64>

<hw>An`ti*hy`dro*phob"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Counteracting or preventing hydrophobia.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy for hydrophobia.</def></def2>

<h1>Antihydropic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*hy*drop"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against dropsy.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy for dropsy.</def></def2>

<h1>Antihypnotic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*hyp*not"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Tending to prevent sleep.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An antihypnotic agent.</def></def2>

<h1>Antihypochondriac</h1>
<Xpage=64>

<hw>An`ti*hyp`o*chon"dri*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Counteractive of hypochondria.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy for hypochondria.</def></def2>

<h1>Antihysteric</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*hys*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Counteracting hysteria.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy for hysteria.</def></def2>

<h1>Antiicteric</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ic*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against jaundice.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy for jaundice.</def></def2>

<h1>Antilegomena</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*le*gom"e*na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ against + <?/ to speak; part. pass. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Certain books of the New Testament which were for a time not universally received, but which are now considered canonical. These are the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Epistles of James and Jude, the second Epistle of Peter, the second and third Epistles of John, and the Revelation. The undisputed books are called the <i>Homologoumena</i>.</def>

<h1>Antilibration</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*li*bra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A balancing; equipoise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Antilithic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*lith"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Tending to prevent the formation of urinary calculi, or to destroy them when formed.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An antilithic medicine.</def></def2>

<h1>Antilogarithm</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*log"a*rithm</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The number corresponding to a logarithm. The word has been sometimes, though rarely, used to denote the complement of a given logarithm; also the logarithmic cosine corresponding to a given logarithmic sine.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`ti*log`a*rith"mic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antilogous</h1>
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<hw>An*til"o*gous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the contrary name or character; -- opposed to <i>analogous</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Antilogous pole</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>that pole of a crystal which becomes negatively electrified when heated.</cd></cs>

<h1>Antilogy</h1>
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<hw>An*til"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Antilogies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ contradictory; <?/ against + <?/ to speak.]</ety> <def>A contradiction between any words or passages in an author.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<-- p. 65  -->

<h1>Antiloimic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*loi"mic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy against the plague.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Antilopine</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An*til"o*pine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to the antelope.</def>

<h1>Antiloquist</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An*til"o*quist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A contradicter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Antiloquy</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An*til"o*quy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + L. <ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>Contradiction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Antilyssic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*lys"sic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ rage, madness.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Antihydrophobic.</def>

<h1>Antimacassar</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ma*cas"sar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cover for the back or arms of a chair or sofa, etc., to prevent them from being soiled by macassar or other oil from the hair.</def>

<h1>Antimagistrical</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ma*gis"tric*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>magistrical</ets> for <ets>magistratical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Opposed to the office or authority of magistrates.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Antimalarial</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An`ti*ma*la"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Good against malaria.</def>

<h1>Antimask</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An"ti*mask`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A secondary mask, or grotesque interlude, between the parts of a serious mask.</def> <altsp>[Written also <plu>anue</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Antimason</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An`ti*ma"son</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One opposed to Freemasonry.</def>   -- <wordforms><wf>An`ti*ma*son"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antimasonry</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An`ti*ma"son*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Opposition to Freemasonry.</def>

<h1>Antimephitic</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An`ti*me*phit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against mephitic or deletplwious gases.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A remedy against mephitic gases.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Antimplwe</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An"ti*mplwe</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the two halves of bilaterally symmetrical animals; one of any opposite symmetrical or homotypic parts in animals and plants.</def>

<h1>Antimetabole</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An`ti*me*tab"o*le</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure in which the same words or ideas are repeated in transposed order.</def>

<h1>Antimetathesis</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An`ti*me*tath"e*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>An antithesis in which the members are repeated in inverse order.</def>

<h1>Antimeter</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An*tim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ like + <?/ measure.]</ety> <def>A modification of the quadrant, for measuring small angles.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Antimonarchic, Antimonarchical</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw><hw>An`ti*mo*nar"chic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`ti*mo*nar"chic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <def>Opposed to monarchial government.</def>

<i>Bp. Benson. Addison.</i>

<h1>Antimonarchist</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An`ti*mon"arch*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An enemy to monarchial government.</def>

<h1>Antimonate</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An`ti*mo"nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of antimonic acid with a base or basic radical.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>antimoniate</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Antimonial</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An`ti*mo"ni*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to antimony.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A preparation or medicine containing antimony.</def>

<cs><col>Antimonial powder</col>, <cd>a consisting of one part oxide of antimony and two parts phosphate of calcium; -- also called <i>James's powder<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Antimoniated</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An`ti*mo"ni*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Combined or prepared with antimony; <as>as, <ex>antimoniated</ex> tartar</as>.</def>

<h1>Antimonic</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An`ti*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony; -- said of those compounds of antimony in which this element has its highest equivalence; <as>as, <ex>antimonic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Antimonious</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*mo"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony; -- said of those compounds of antimony in which this element has an equivalence next lower than the highest; <as>as, <ex>antimonious</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Antimonite</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An"ti*mo*nite`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of antimonious acid and a base or basic radical.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Stibnite.</def>

<h1>Antimoniureted</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*mo"ni*u*ret`ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined with or containing antimony; <as>as, <ex>antimoniureted</ex> hydrogen</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>antimoniuretted</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Antimony</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*mo*ny</hw> <tt>(?; 112)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>antimonium</ets>, of unknown origin.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An elementary substance, resembling a metal in its appearance and physical properties, but in its chemical relations belonging to the class of nonmetallic substances. Atomic weight, 120. Symbol, Sb.</def>

<note>&hand; It is of tin-white color, brittle, laminated or crystalline, fusible, and vaporizable at a rather low temperature. It is used in some metallic alloys, as type metal and bell metal, and also for medical preparations, which are in general emetics or cathartics. By ancient writers, and some moderns, the term is applied to native <i>gray ore of antimony</i>, or <i>stibnite</i> (the <i>stibium</i> of the Romans, and the <?/ of the Greeks, a sulphide of antimony, from which most of the antimony of commerce is obtained. <i>Cervantite</i>, <i>senarmontite</i>, and <i>valentinite</i> are native oxides of antimony.</note>

<h1>Antinational</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*na"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Antagonistic to one's country or nation, or to a national government.</def>

<h1>Antinephritic</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An`ti*ne*phrit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Counteracting, or deemed of use in, diseases of the kidneys.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An antinephritic remedy.</def></def2>

<h1>Antinomian</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*no"mi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Antimony</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Antinomians; opposed to the doctrine that the moral law is obligatory.</def>

<h1>Antinomian</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*no"mi*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who maintains that, under the gospel dispensation, the moral law is of no use or obligation, but that faith alone is necessary to salvation. The sect of Antinomians originated with John Agricola, in Germany, about the year 1535.</def>

<i>Mosheim.</i>

<h1>Antinomianism</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*no"mi*an*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The tenets or practice of Antinomians.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Antinomist</h1>
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<hw>An*tin"o*mist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An Antinomian.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Sanderson.</i>

<h1>Antinomy</h1>
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<hw>An*tin"o*my</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Antinomies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>antinomia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/ law.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Opposition of one law or rule to another law or rule.</def>

<blockquote>Different commentators have deduced from it the very opposite doctrines. In some instances this apparent <b>antinomy</b> is doubtful.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An opposing law or rule of any kind.</def>

<blockquote>As it were by his own <b>antinomy</b>, or counterstatute.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>A contradiction or incompatibility of thought or language; -- in the Kantian philosophy, such a contradiction as arises from the attempt to apply to the ideas of the reason, relations or attributes which are appropriate only to the facts or the concepts of experience.</def>

<h1>Antiochian</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*o"chi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to Antiochus, a contemporary with Cicero, and the founder of a sect of philosophers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the city of Antioch, in Syria.</def>

<cs><col>Antiochian epoch</col> <fld>(Chron.)</fld>, <cd>a method of computing time, from the proclamation of liberty granted to the city of Antioch, about the time of the battle of Pharsalia, B.C. 48.</cd></cs>

<h1>Antiodontalgic</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An`ti*o`don*tal"gic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Efficacious in curing toothache.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy for toothache.</def></def2>

<h1>Antiorgastic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*or*gas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to swell, as with lust.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Tending to allay venereal excitement or desire; sedative.</def>

<h1>Antipapal</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*pa"pal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposed to the pope or to popery.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Antiparallel</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*par"al*lel</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Running in a contrary direction.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Antiparallels</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*par"al*lels</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Straight lines or planes which make angles in some respect opposite in character to those made by parallel lines or planes.</def>

<h1>Antiparalytic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*par`a*lyt"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against paralysis.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A medicine for paralysis.</def></def2>

<h1>Antiparalytical</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An`ti*par`a*lyt"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Antiparalytic.</def>

<h1>Antipathetic, Antipathetical</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw><hw>An`ti*pa*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`ti*pa*thet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a natural contrariety, or constitutional aversion, to a thing; characterized by antipathy; -- often followed by <i>to</i>.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Antipathic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*path"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>antipathicus</ets>, Gr. <?/ of opposite feelings.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Belonging to antipathy; opposite; contrary; allopathic.</def>

<h1>Antipathist</h1>
<Xpage=65>

<hw>An*tip"a*thist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who has an antipathy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Antipathist</i> of light.</def>"

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Antipathize</h1>
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<hw>An*tip"a*thize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To feel or show antipathy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Antipathous</h1>
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<hw>An*tip"a*thous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a natural contrariety; adverse; antipathetic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Antipathy</h1>
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<hw>An*tip"a*thy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Antipathies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>antipathia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/ to suffer. Cf. F. <ets>antipathie</ets>. See <er>Pathos</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Contrariety or opposition in feeling; settled aversion or dislike; repugnance; distaste.</def>

<blockquote>Inveterate <b>antipathies</b> against particular nations, and passionate attachments to others, are to be avoided.
<i>Washington.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> Natural contrariety; incompatibility; repugnancy of qualities; <as>as, oil and water have <ex>antipathy</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>A habit is generated of thinking that a natural <b>antipathy</b> exists between hope and reason.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <plu>Any</i> is opposed to <i>sympathy</i>. It is followed by <i>to</i>, <i>against</i>, or <i>between</i>; also sometimes by <i>for</i>.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Hatred; aversion; dislike; disgust; distaste; enmity; ill will; repugnance; contrariety; opposition. See <er>Dislike</er>.</syn>

<h1>Antipeptone</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*pep"tone</hw> <tt><tt>(#)</tt></plu></tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A product of gastric and pancreatic digestion, differing from hemipeptone in not being decomposed by the continued action of pancreatic juice.</def>

<h1>Antiperiodic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*pe`ri*od"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy possessing the property of preventing the return of periodic paroxysms, or exacerbations, of disease, as in intermittent fevers.</def>

<h1>Antiperistaltic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*per`i*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Opposed to, or checking motion; acting upward; -- applied to an inverted action of the intestinal tube.</def>

<h1>Antiperistasis</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*pe*ris"ta*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/ a standing around, fr. <?/ to stand around; <?/ around + <?/ to stand.]</ety> <def>Opposition by which the quality opposed asquires strength; resistance or reaction roused by opposition or by the action of an opposite principle or quality.</def>

<h1>Antiperistatic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*per`i*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to antiperistasis.</def>

<h1>Antipetalous</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>petal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Standing before a petal, as a stamen.</def>

<h1>Antipharmic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*phar"mic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ poison.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Antidotal; alexipharmic.</def>

<h1>Antiphlogistian</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*phlo*gis"tian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An opposer of the theory of phlogiston.</def>

<h1>Antiphlogistic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*phlo*gis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Opposed to the doctrine of phlogiston.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Counteracting inflammation.</def>

<h1>Antiphlogistic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*phlo*gis"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any medicine or diet which tends to check inflammation.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Antiphon</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*phon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>antiphona</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Anthem</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A musical response; alternate singing or chanting. See <er>Antiphony</er>, and <er>Antiphone</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A verse said before and after the psalms.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Antiphonal</h1>
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<hw>An*tiph"o*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to antiphony, or alternate singing; sung alternately by a divided choir or opposite choirs.</def>  <i>Wheatly</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>An*tiph"o*nal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antiphonal</h1>
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<hw>An*tiph"o*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A book of antiphons or anthems.</def>

<h1>Antiphonary</h1>
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<hw>An*tiph"o*na*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>antiphonarium</ets>. See <er>Antiphoner</er>.]</ety> <def>A book containing a collection of antiphons; the book in which the antiphons of the breviary, with their musical notes, are contained.</def>

<h1>Antiphone</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*phone</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The response which one side of the choir makes to the other in a chant; alternate chanting or signing.</def>

<h1>Antiphoner</h1>
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<hw>An*tiph"o*ner</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>antiphonaire</ets>. See <er>Antiphon</er>.]</ety> <def>A book of antiphons.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Antiphonic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*phon"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Antiphonal.</def>

<h1>Antiphony</h1>
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<hw>An*tiph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Antiphonies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Antiphon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A musical response; also, antiphonal chanting or signing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An anthem or psalm sung alternately by a choir or congregation divided into two parts. Also figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>O! never more for me shall winds intone,
With all your tops, a vast <b>antiphony</b>.
<i>R. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antiphrasis</h1>
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<hw>An*tiph"ra*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to express by antithesis or negation.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The use of words in a sense opposite to their proper meaning; as when a court of justice is called a <i>court of vengeance</i>.</def>

<h1>Antiphrastic, Antiphrastical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`ti*phras"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`ti*phras"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to antiphrasis.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`ti*phras"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antiphthisic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*phthis"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relieving or curing phthisis, or consumption.</def>  -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine for phthisis.</def>

<h1>Antiphysical</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*phys"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>physical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Contrary to nature; unnatural.</def>

<h1>Antiphysical</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*phys"ic*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to inflate.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relieving flatulence; carminative.</def>

<h1>Antiplastic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Diminishing plasticity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Preventing or checking the process of healing, or granulation.</def>

<h1>Antipodagric</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*po*dag"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against gout.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A medicine for gout.</def></def2>

<h1>Antipodal</h1>
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<hw>An*tip"o*dal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the antipodes; situated on the opposite side of the globe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Diametrically opposite. His <i>antipodal</i> shadow."

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Antipode</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*pode</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the antipodes; anything exactly opposite.</def>

<blockquote>In tale or history your beggar is ever the just <b>antipode</b> to your king.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The singular, <i>antipode</i>, is exceptional in formation, but has been used by good writers. Its regular English plural would be <tt><it>&acr;n"t&icr;*p&omac;des</it></tt>, the last syllable rhyming with <it>abodes</it>, and this pronunciation is sometimes heard. The plural form (originally a Latin word without a singular) is in common use, and is pronounced, after the English method of Latin, <tt><it>&acr;n*t&icr;p"&osl;*d&emac;z</it></tt>.</note>

<h1>Antipodean</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*po"de*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the antipodes, or the opposite side of the world; antipodal.</def>

<h1>Antipodes</h1>
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<hw>An*tip"o*des</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. pl., fr. Gr. <?/ with the feet opposite, pl. <?/ <?/; <?/ against + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Those who live on the side of the globe diametrically opposite.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The country of those who live on the opposite side of the globe.</def>

<i>Latham.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything exactly opposite or contrary.</def>

<blockquote>Can there be a greater contrariety unto Christ's judgment, a more perfect <b>antipodes</b> to all that hath hitherto been gospel?
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antipole</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*pole</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The opposite pole; anything diametrically opposed.</def>

<i>Geo. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Antipope</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*pope</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is elected, or claims to be, pope in opposition to the pope canonically chosen; esp. applied to those popes who resided at Avignon during the Great Schism.</def>

<h1>Antipsoric</h1>
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<hw>An`tip*sor"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of use in curing the itch.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An antipsoric remedy.</def></def2>

<h1>Antiptosis</h1>
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<hw>An`tip*to"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/ a falling, a case, <?/ to fall.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The putting of one case for another.</def>

<h1>Antiputrefactive, Antiputrescent</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`ti*pu`tre*fac"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`ti*pu*tres"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Counteracting, or preserving from, putrefaction; antiseptic.</def>

<h1>Antipyic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*py"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, pus.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Checking or preventing suppuration.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An antipyic medicine.</def2></def>

<h1>Antipyresis</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*py*re"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ against + <?/ to be feverish, fr. <?/ fire.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The condition or state of being free from fever.</def>

<h1>Antipyretic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*py*ret"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Efficacious in preventing or allaying fever.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A febrifuge.</def></def2>

<h1>Antipyrine</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*py"rine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An artificial alkaloid, believed to be efficient in abating fever.</def>

<h1>Antipyrotic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*py*rot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against burns or pyrosis.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> Anything of use in preventing or healing burns or pyrosis.</def></def2>

<h1>Antiquarian</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*qua"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Antiquary</er>]</ety>. <def>Pertaining to antiquaries, or to antiquity; <as>as, <ex>antiquarian</ex> literature</as>.</def>

<h1>Antiquarian</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*qua"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An antiquary.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A drawing paper of large size. See under <er>Paper</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Antiquarianism</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*qua"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Character of an antiquary; study or love of antiquities.</def>

<i>Warburton.</i>

<h1>Antiquarianize</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*qua"ri*an*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act the part of an antiquary.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Antiquary</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*qua*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antiquarius</ets>, fr. <ets>antiquus</ets> ancient. See <er>Antique</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to antiquity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Instructed by the <i>antiquary</i> times."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Antiquary</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*qua*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Antiquaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>One devoted to the study of ancient times through their relics, as inscriptions, monuments, remains of ancient habitations, statues, coins, manuscripts, etc.; one who searches for and studies the relics of antiquity.</def>

<h1>Antiquate</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*quate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antiquatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>antiquare</ets>, fr. <ets>antiquus</ets> ancient.]</ety> <def>To make old, or obsolete; to make antique; to make old in such a degree as to put out of use; hence, to make void, or abrogate.</def>

<blockquote>Christianity might reasonably introduce new laws, and <b>antiquate</b> or abrogate old one.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antiquated</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*qua`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Grown old. Hence: Bygone; obsolete; out of use; old-fashioned; <as>as, an <ex>antiquated</ex> law</as>.</def> "<i>Antiquated</i> words."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Old Janet, for so he understood his <b>antiquated</b> attendant was denominated.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Ancient; old; antique; obsolete. See <er>Ancient</er>.</syn>

<h1>Antiquatedness</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*qua`ted*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being antiquated.</def>

<h1>Antiquateness</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*quate*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Antiquatedness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Antiquation</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*qua"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antiquatio</ets>, fr. <ets>antiquare</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of making antiquated, or the state of being antiquated.</def>

<i>Beaumont.</i>

<h1>Antique</h1>
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<hw>An*tique"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>antiquus</ets> old, ancient, equiv. to <ets>anticus</ets>, from <ets>ante</ets> before. Cf. <er>Antic</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Old; ancient; of genuine antiquity; <as>as, an <ex>antique</ex> statue</as>. In this sense it usually refers to the flourishing ages of Greece and Rome.</def>

<blockquote>For the <b>antique</b> world excess and pride did hate.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 66  -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Old, as respects the present age, or a modern period of time; of old fashion; antiquated; <as>as, an <ex>antique</ex> robe</as>.</def> "<i>Antique</i> words."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Made in imitation of antiquity; <as>as, the <ex>antique</ex> style of Thomson's "Castle of Indolence</as>."</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Odd; fantastic.</def> <altsp>[In this sense, written <asp>antic</asp>.]</altsp>

<syn>Syn. -- Ancient; antiquated; obsolete; antic; old-fashioned; old. See <er>Ancient</er>.</syn>

<h1>Antique</h1>
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<hw>An*tique"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Antique</er>, <tt>a.</tt> ]</ety> <def>In general, anything very old; but in a more limited sense, a relic or object of ancient art; collectively, <i>the antique</i>, the remains of ancient art, as busts, statues, paintings, and vases.</def>

<blockquote>Misshapen monuments and maimed <b>antiques</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antiquely</h1>
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<hw>An*tique"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an antique manner.</def>

<h1>Antiqueness</h1>
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<hw>An*tique"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being antique; an appearance of ancient origin and workmanship.</def>

<blockquote>We may discover something venerable in the <b>antiqueness</b> of the work.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antiquist</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*quist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An antiquary; a collector of antiques.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Pinkerton.</i>

<h1>Antiquitarian</h1>
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<hw>An*tiq`ui*ta"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An admirer of antiquity. <note>[Used by Milton in a disparaging sense.]</note></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Antiquity</h1>
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<hw>An*tiq"ui*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Antiquities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>antiquitas</ets>, fr. <ets>antiquus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>antiquit\'82</ets>. See <er>Antique</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being ancient; ancientness; great age; <as>as, a statue of remarkable <ex>antiquity</ex>; a family of great <ex>antiquity</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Old age.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It not your voice broken? . . . and every part about you blasted with <b>antiquity</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Ancient times; former ages; times long since past; <as>as, Cicero was an eloquent orator of <ex>antiquity</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The ancients; the people of ancient times.</def>

<blockquote>That such pillars were raised by Seth all <b>antiquity</b> has <?/vowed.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An old gentleman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>You are a shrewd <b>antiquity</b>, neighbor Clench.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A relic or monument of ancient times; <as>as, a coin, a statue, etc.</as> ; an ancient institution. <note>[In this sense, usually in the plural.]</note></def> "Heathen <i>antiquities</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Antirachitic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ra*chit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against the rickets.</def>

<h1>Antirenter</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*rent"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One opposed to the payment of rent; esp. one of those who in 1840-47 resisted the collection of rents claimed by the patroons from the settlers on certain manorial lands in the State of New York.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`ti*rent"ism</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antisabbatarian</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*sab`ba*ta"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One of a sect which opposes the observance of the Christian Sabbath.</def>

<h1>Antisacerdotal</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*sac`er*do"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hostile to priests or the priesthood.</def>

<i>Waterland.</i>

<h1>Antiscians, Antiscii</h1>
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<hw><hw>An*tis"cians</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*tis"ci*i</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antiscii</ets>, Gr. <?/, pl.; <?/ against + <?/ shadow.]</ety> <def>The inhabitants of the earth, living on different sides of the equator, whose shadows at noon are cast in opposite directions.</def>

<blockquote>The inhabitants of the north and south temperate zones are always <b>Antiscians</b>.
<i>Brande & C.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antiscoletic, Antiscolic</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`ti*sco*let"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`ti*scol"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a worm.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Anthelmintic.</def>

<h1>Antiscorbutic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*scor*bu"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Counteracting scurvy.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A remedy for scurvy.</def></def2>

<h1>Antiscorbutical</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*scor*bu"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Antiscorbutic.</def>

<h1>Antiscriptural</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*scrip"tur*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposed to, or not in accordance with, the Holy Scriptures.</def>

<h1>Antisepalous</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*sep"al*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>sepal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Standing before a sepal, or calyx leaf.</def>

<h1>Antiseptic, Antiseptical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`ti*sep"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`ti*sep"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Counteracting or preventing putrefaction, or a putrescent tendency in the system; antiputrefactive.</def>

<cs><col>Antiseptic surgery</col>, <cd>that system of surgical practice which insists upon a systematic use of antiseptics in the performance of operations and the dressing of wounds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Antiseptic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*sep"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A substance which prevents or retards putrefaction, or destroys, or protects from, putrefactive organisms; <as>as, salt, carbolic acid, alcohol, cinchona</as>.</def>

<h1>Antiseptically</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*sep"tic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By means of antiseptics.</def>

<h1>Antislavery</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*slav"er*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposed to slavery.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> Opposition to slavery.</def></def2>

<h1>Antisocial</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*so"cial</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to interrupt or destroy social intercourse; averse to society, or hostile to its existence; <as>as, <ex>antisocial</ex> principles</as>.</def>

<h1>Antisocialist</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*so"cial*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One opposed to the doctrines and practices of socialists or socialism.</def>

<h1>Antisolar</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*so"lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposite to the sun; -- said of the point in the heavens 180&deg; distant from the sun.</def>

<h1>Antispasmodic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*spas*mod"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against spasms.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A medicine which prevents or allays spasms or convulsions.</def></def2>

<h1>Antispast</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*spast</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antispastus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to draw the contrary way; <?/ against + <?/ to draw.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A foot of four syllables, the first and fourth short, and the second and third long (#).</def>

<h1>Antispastic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*spas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Antispast</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Believed to cause a revulsion of fluids or of humors from one part to another.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Counteracting spasms; antispasmodic.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An antispastic agent.</def></def2>

<h1>Antisplenetic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*splen"e*tic</hw> <tt>(<?/; see <er>Splenetic</er>, 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Good as a remedy against disease of the spleen.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An antisplenetic medicine.</def></def2>

<h1>Antistrophe</h1>
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<hw>An*tis"tro*phe</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to turn to the opposite side; <?/ against + <?/ to turn. See <er>Strophe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In Greek choruses and dances, the returning of the chorus, exactly answering to a previous <i>strophe</i> or movement from right to left. Hence: The lines of this part of the choral song.</def>

<blockquote>It was customary, on some occasions, to dance round the altars whilst they sang the sacred hymns, which consisted of three stanzas or parts; the first of which, called strophe, was sung in turning from east to west; the other, named <b>antistrophe</b>, in returning from west to east; then they stood before the altar, and sang the epode, which was the last part of the song.
<i>Abp. Potter.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The repetition of words in an inverse order; <as>as, the master of the servant and the servant of the master</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The retort or turning of an adversary's plea against him.</def>

<h1>Antistrophic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*stroph"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an antistrophe.</def>

<h1>Antistrophon</h1>
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<hw>An*tis"tro*phon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ turned opposite ways.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>An argument retorted on an opponent.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Antistrumatic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*stru"mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Antistrumous.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A medicine for scrofula.</def></def2>

<h1>Antistrumous</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*stru"mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against scrofulous disorders.</def>

<i>Johnson. Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Antisyphilitic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*syph`i*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Efficacious against syphilis.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A medicine for syphilis.</def></def2>

<h1>Antitheism</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*the"ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine of antitheists.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`ti*the*is"tic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antitheist</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*the"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A disbeliever in the existence of God.</def>

<h1>Antithesis</h1>
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<hw>An*tith"e*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Antitheses</plw>. <tt>(#)</tt></plu> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to set against, to oppose; <?/ against + <?/ to set. See <er>Thesis</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>An opposition or contrast of words or sentiments occurring in the same sentence; as, "The prodigal <i>robs his heir</i>; the miser <i>robs himself</i>."  "He had <i>covertly shot</i> at Cromwell; he how <i>openly aimed</i> at the Queen."</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The second of two clauses forming an antithesis.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Opposition; contrast.</def>

<h1>Antithet</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*thet</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>antitheton</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, antithetic.]</ety> <def>An antithetic or contrasted statement.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Antithetic, Antithetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`ti*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An`ti*thet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to antithesis, or opposition of words and sentiments; containing, or of the nature of, antithesis; contrasted.</def>

<h1>Antithetically</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*thet"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way antithesis.</def>

<h1>Antitoxin, Antitoxine</h1>
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<hw><hw>An`ti*tox"in</hw>, <hw>An`ti*tox"ine</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>toxin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A substance (sometimes the product of a specific micro-organism and sometimes naturally present in the blood or tissues of an animal), capable of producing immunity from certain diseases, or of counteracting the poisonous effects of pathogenic bacteria.</def>

<h1>Anti-trade</h1>
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<hw>An"ti-trade`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tropical wind blowing steadily in a direction opposite to the trade wind.</def>

<h1>Antitragus</h1>
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<hw>An*tit"ra*gus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A prominence on the lower posterior portion of the concha of the external ear, opposite the tragus. See <er>Ear</er>.</def>

<h1>Antitrochanter</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*tro*chan"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An articular surface on the ilium of birds against which the great trochanter of the femur plays.</def>

<h1>Antitropal, Antitropous</h1>
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<hw><hw>An*tit"ro*pal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*tit"ro*pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ turn, <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>At the extremity most remote from the hilum, as the embryo, or inverted with respect to the seed, as the radicle.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<h1>Antitypal</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*ty`pal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Antitypical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Antitype</h1>
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<hw>An"ti*type</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of corresponding form; <?/ against + <?/ type, figure. See <er>Type</er>.]</ety> <def>That of which the type pattern or representation; that which is represented by the type or symbol.</def>

<h1>Antitypical</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*typ"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an antitype; explaining the type.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`ti*typ"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antitypous</h1>
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<hw>An*tit"y*pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Resisting blows; hard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Antitypy</h1>
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<hw>An*tit"y*py</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Opposition or resistance of matter to force.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Antivaccination</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*vac`ci*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Opposition to vaccination.</def>

<i>London Times.</i>

<h1>Antivaccinationist</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*vac`ci*na"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An antivaccinist.</def>

<h1>Antivaccinist</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*vac"ci*nist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One opposed to vaccination.</def>

<h1>Antivariolous</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*va*ri"o*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Preventing the contagion of smallpox.</def>

<h1>Antivenereal</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*ve*ne"re*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Good against venereal poison; antisyphilitic.</def>

<h1>Antivivisection</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*viv`i*sec"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Opposition to vivisection.</def>

<h1>Antivivisectionist</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*viv`i*sec"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One opposed to vivisection</def>

<h1>Antizymic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*zym"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Preventing fermentation.</def>

<h1>Antizymotic</h1>
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<hw>An`ti*zy*mot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Preventing fermentation or decomposition.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An agent so used.</def></def2>

<h1>Antler</h1>
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<hw>Ant"ler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>auntelere</ets>, OF. <ets>antoillier</ets>, <ets>andoiller</ets>, <ets>endouiller</ets>, fr. F. <ets>andouiller</ets>, fr. an assumed LL. <ets>antocularis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ante</ets> before + <ets>oculus</ets> eye. See <er>Ocular</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The entire horn, or any branch of the horn, of a cervine animal, as of a stag.</def>

<blockquote>Huge stags with sixteen <b>antlers</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The branch next to the head is called the <i>brow antler</i>, and the branch next above, the <i>bez antler</i>, or <i>bay antler</i>. The main stem is the <i>beam</i>, and the branches are often called <i>tynes</i>. Antlers are deciduous bony (not horny) growths, and are covered with a periosteum while growing. See <er>Velvet</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Antler moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a destructive European moth <spn>(Cerapteryx graminis)</spn>, which devastates grass lands.</cd></cs>

<h1>Antlered</h1>
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<hw>Ant"lered</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with antlers.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>antlered</b> stag.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Antlia</h1>
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<hw>Ant"li*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Antil\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a pump, Gr, <?/ hold of a ship]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The spiral tubular proboscis of lepidopterous insects. See <er>Lepidoptera</er>.</def>

<h1>Ant-lion</h1>
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<hw>Ant"-li`on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A neuropterous insect, the larva of which makes in the sand a pitfall to capture ants, etc. The common American species is <spn>Myrmeleon obsoletus</spn>, the European is <spn>M. formicarius</spn>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Ant\'d2ci, Ant\'d2cians</h1>
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<hw>An*t\'d2"ci</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>An*t\'d2"*cians</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl</tt>. <ety>[NL. <ets>antoeci</ets>, fr. Gr. pl. <?/; <?/ opposite + <?/ to live.]</ety> <def>Those who live under the same meridian, but on opposite parallels of latitude, north and south of the equator.</def>

<h1>Antonomasia</h1>
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<hw>An`to*no*ma"si*a</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to name instead; <?/ + <?/ to name, <?/ name.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The use of some epithet or the name of some office, dignity, or the like, instead of the proper name of the person; as when <i>his majesty</i> is used for a king, or when, instead of Aristotle, we say, <i>the philosopher</i>; or, conversely, the use of a proper name instead of an appellative, as when a wise man is called a <i>Solomon</i>, or an eminent orator a <i>Cicero</i>.</def>

<h1>Antonomastic</h1>
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<hw>An`to*no*mas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, antonomasia.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`to*no*mas"tic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Antonomasy</h1>
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<hw>An*ton"o*ma*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Antonomasia.</def>

<h1>Antonym</h1>
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<hw>An"to*nym</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a word used in substitution for another; <?/ + <?/, <?/, a word.]</ety> <def>A word of opposite meaning; a counterterm; -- used as a correlative of <i>synonym</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>C. J. Smith.</i>

<h1>Antorbital</h1>
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<hw>Ant*or"bit*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>orbital</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or situated in, the region of the front of the orbit.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> The antorbital bone.</def></def2>

<h1>Antorgastic</h1>
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<hw>Ant`or*gas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Antiorgastic</er>.</def>

<h1>Antozone</h1>
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<hw>Ant*o"zone</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>ozone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound formerly supposed to be modification of oxygen, but now known to be hydrogen dioxide; -- so called because apparently antagonistic to ozone, converting it into ordinary oxygen.</def>

<h1>Antral</h1>
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<hw>An"tral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Relating to an antrum.</def>

<h1>Antre</h1>
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<hw>An"tre</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>antre</ets>, L. <ets>antrum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A cavern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Antrorse</h1>
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<hw>An*trorse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>ante + versun</ets> turned; apparently formed in imitation of <ets>re<?/rorse</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Forward or upward in direction.</def>

<i>Gray</i>.

<h1>Antrovert</h1>
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<hw>An`tro*vert"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bend forward.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Owen</i>.

<h1>Antrum</h1>
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<hw>An"trum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.</plu> <plw>Antra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A cavern or cavity, esp. an anatomical cavity or sinus</def>.

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Antrustion</h1>
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<hw>An*trus"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>antrustio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A vassal or voluntary follower of Frankish princes in their enterprises</def>.

<h1>Ant thrush</h1>
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<hw>Ant" thrush`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of several species of tropical birds, of the Old World, of the genus <spn>Pitta</spn>, somewhat resembling the thrushes, and feeding chiefly on ants.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>See <cref>Ant bird</cref>, under <er>Ant</er>.</def>

<h1>'d8Anubis</h1>
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<hw>'d8A*nu"bis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>An Egyptian deity, the conductor of departed spirits, represented by a human figure with the head of a dog or fox.</def>

<h1>Anura</h1>
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<hw>A*nu"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the orders of amphibians characterized by the absence of a tail, as the frogs and toads. <altsp>[Written also <asp>anoura</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Anurous</h1>
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<hw>A*nu"rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Destitute of a tail, as the frogs and toads.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>anourous</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Anury</h1>
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<hw>An"u*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ urine.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Nonsecretion or defective secretion of urine; ischury.</def>

<h1>Anus</h1>
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<hw>A"nus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., prob. for <ets>asnus</ets>: cf. Gr. <?/ to sit, Skr. <ets>\'bes</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The posterior opening of the alimentary canal, through which the excrements are expelled.</def>

<h1>Anvil</h1>
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<hw>An"vil</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>anvelt</ets>, <ets>anfelt</ets>, <ets>anefelt</ets>, AS. <ets>anfilt</ets>, <ets>onfilt</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. <ets>anafalz</ets>, D. <ets>aanbeld</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An iron block, usually with a steel face, upon which metals are hammered and shaped.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything resembling an anvil in shape or use.</def> Specifically <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <def>the incus. See <er>Incus</er>.</def>

<cs><col>To be on the anvil</col>, <cd>to be in a state of discussion, formation, or preparation, as when a scheme or measure is forming, but not matured.</cd></cs>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Anvil</h1>
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<hw>An"vil</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form or shape on an anvil; to hammer out; <as>as, <ex>anviled</ex> armor</as>.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Anxietude</h1>
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<hw>Anx*i"e*tude</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anxietudo</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being anxious; anxiety.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Anxiety</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety><-- p. 67  --> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Eager desire.</def>

<i>J. D. Forbes</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A state of restlessness and agitation, often with general indisposition and a distressing sense of oppression at the epigastrium.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Care; solicitude; foreboding; uneasiness; perplexity; disquietude; disquiet; trouble; apprehension; restlessness. See <er>Care</er>.</syn>

<h1>Anxious</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Anx"ious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>anxius</ets>, fr. <ets>angere</ets> to cause pain, choke; akin to Gr. <?/ to choke. See <er>Anger</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of anxiety or disquietude; greatly concerned or solicitous, esp. respecting future or unknown; being in painful suspense; -- applied to persons; <as>as, <ex>anxious</ex> for the issue of a battle</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Accompanied with, or causing, anxiety; worrying; -- applied to things; <as>as, <ex>anxious</ex> labor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The sweet of life, from which
God hath bid dwell far off all <b>anxious</b> cares.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Earnestly desirous; <as>as, <ex>anxious</ex> to please</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He sneers alike at those who are <b>anxious</b> to preserve and at those who are eager for reform.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note><i>Anxious<i> is followed by <it>for</it>, <it>about</it>, <it>concerning</it>, etc., before the object of solicitude.

<syn>Syn. -- Solicitous; careful; uneasy; unquiet; restless; concerned; disturbed; watchful.</syn>

<h1>Anxiously</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Anx"ious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an anxious manner; with painful uncertainty; solicitously.</def>

<h1>Anxiousness</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Anx"ious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being anxious; great solicitude; anxiety.</def>

<h1>Any</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & pron.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>\'91ni<?/</ets>, <ets>\'91ni</ets>, <ets>eni</ets>, <ets>ani</ets>, <ets>oni</ets>, AS. <ets>\'d6nig</ets>, fr. <ets>\'ben</ets> one. It is akin to OS. <ets>\'c7nig</ets>, OHG. <ets>einic</ets>, G. <ets>einig</ets>, D. <ets>eenig</ets>. See <er>One</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One indifferently, out of an indefinite number; one indefinitely, whosoever or whatsoever it may be.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Any</i> is often used in denying or asserting without limitation; as, this thing ought not be done at <i>any</i> time; I ask <i>any</i> one to answer my question.</note>

<blockquote>No man knoweth the Son, but the Father; neither knoweth <b>any</b> man the Father, save the Son.
<i>Matt. xi. 27.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Some, of whatever kind, quantity, or number; as, are there <i>any</i> witnesses present? are there <i>any</i> other houses like it?</def>   "Who will show us <i>any</i> good?"

<i>Ps. iv. 6.</i>

<note>It is often used, either in the singular or the plural, as a pronoun, the person or thing being understood; anybody; anyone; (<tt>pl.</tt>) any persons.</note>

<blockquote>If <b>any</b> of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, . . . and it shall be given him.
<i>Jas. i. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That if he found <b>any</b> of this way, whether they were men or women, he might bring them bound unto Jerusalem.
<i>Acts ix. 2.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>At any rate</col>, <col>In any case</col></mcol>, <cd>whatever may be the state of affairs; anyhow.</cd></cs>

<h1>Any</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ny</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>To any extent; in any degree; at all.</def>

<blockquote>You are not to go loose <b>any</b> longer.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Before you go <b>any</b> farther.
<i>Steele.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anybody</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ny*bod*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any one out of an indefinite number of persons; anyone; any person.</def>

<blockquote>His Majesty could not keep any secret from <b>anybody</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person of consideration or standing.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>All the men belonged exclusively to the mechanical and shopkeeping classes, and there was not a single banker or <b>anybody</b> in the list.
<i>Lond. Sat. Rev.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anyhow</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ny*how`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In any way or manner whatever; at any rate; in any event.</def>

<blockquote><b>Anyhow</b>, it must be acknowledged to be not a simple selforiginated error.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Anyhow</b>, the languages of the two nations were closely allied.
<i>E. A. Freeman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anyone</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ny*one</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One taken at random rather than by selection; anybody. <note>[Commonly written as two words.]</note></def>

<h1>Anything</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ny*thing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any object, act, state, event, or fact whatever; thing of any kind; something or other; aught; <as>as, I would not do it for <ex>anything</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Did you ever know of <b>anything</b> so unlucky?
<i>A. Trollope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They do not know that <b>anything</b> is amiss with them.
<i>W. G. Sumner.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressing an indefinite comparison; -- with <i>as</i> or <i>like</i>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or Lowx]</mark>

<blockquote>I fear your girl will grow as proud as <b>anything</b>.
<i>Richardson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Any thing</i>, written as two words, is now commonly used in contradistinction to <i>any person</i> or <i>anybody</i>. Formerly it was also separated when used in the wider sense. "Necessity drove them to undertake <i>any thing</i> and venture <i>any thing</i>."</note>

<i>De Foe.</i>

<cs><col>Anything but</col>, <cd>not at all or in any respect.</cd> "The battle was a rare one, and the victory <i>anything but<i> secure." <i>Hawthorne</i>. -- <col>Anything like</col>, <cd>in any respect; at all; <as>as, I can not give <ex>anything like<ex> a fair sketch of his trials</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Anything</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ny*thing</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In any measure; anywise; at all.</def>

<blockquote>Mine old good will and hearty affection towards you is not . . . <b>anything</b> at all quailed.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Anythingarian</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A`ny*thing*a"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who holds to no particular creed or dogma.</def>

<h1>Anyway, Anyways</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw><hw>A"ny*way</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A"ny*ways</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Anywise; at all.</def>

<i>Tennyson. Southey.</i>

<h1>Anywhere</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ny*where</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In any place.</def>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Anywhither</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ny*whith`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>To or towards any place.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>De Foe.</i>

<h1>Anywise</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ny*wise</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In any wise or way; at all.</def> "<i>Anywise</i> essential."

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Aonian</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*o"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Aonia</ets>, a part of B&oe;otia, in Greece.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Aonia, B&oe;otia, or to the Muses, who were supposed to dwell there.</def>

<cs><col>Aonian fount</col>, <cd>the fountain of Aganippe, at the foot of Mount Helicon, not far from Thebes, and sacred to the Muses.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aorist</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"o*rist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ indefinite; <?/ priv. + <?/ to define, <?/ boundary, limit.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A tense in the Greek language, which expresses an action as completed in past time, but leaves it, in other respects, wholly indeterminate.</def>

<h1>Aoristic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A`o*ris"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Indefinite; pertaining to the aorist tense.</def>

<h1>Aorta</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*or"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to lift, heave.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system.</def>

<note>&hand; In fishes and the early stages of all higher vertebrates the aorta divides near its origin into several branches (the <i>aortic arches</i>) which pass in pairs round the \'d2sophagus and unite to form the systemic aorta. One or more pairs of these arches persist in amphibia and reptiles, but only one arch in birds and mammals, this being on the right side in the former, and on the left in the latter.</note>

<-- Illustration: heart and aorta -->

<h1>Aortic</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*or"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the aorta.</def>

<h1>Aortitis</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A`or*ti"tis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aorta</ets> + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the aorta.</def>

<h1>Aoudad</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"ou*dad</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The Moorish name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African sheeplike quadruped (the <spn>Ammotragus tragelaphus</spn>) having a long mane on the breast and fore legs. It is, perhaps, the chamois of the Old Testament.</def>

<h1>Apace</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pace"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>pace</ets>. OE. <ets>a pas</ets> at a walk, in which <ets>a</ets> is the article. See <er>Pace</er>.]</ety> <def>With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily.</def>

<blockquote>His dewy locks did drop with brine <b>apace</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A visible triumph of the gospel draw<?/ on <b>apace</b>.

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Apaches</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pa"ches</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. Apache</sing> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A group of nomadic North American Indians including several tribes native of Arizona, New Mexico, etc.</def>

<h1>Apagoge</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap`a*go"ge</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a leading away, fr. <?/ to lead away; <?/ from + <?/ to lead.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>An indirect argument which proves a thing by showing the impossibility or absurdity of the contrary.</def>

<h1>Apagogic, Apagogical</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw><hw>Ap`a*gog"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`a*gog"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Proving indirectly, by showing the absurdity, or impossibility of the contrary.</def>

<i>Bp. Berkeley.</i>

<h1>Apaid</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*paid"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Paid; pleased.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Apair</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pair"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To impair or become impaired; to injure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Apalachian</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap`a*la"chi*an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Appalachian</er>.</def>

<h1>Apanage</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap"an*age</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Appanage</er>.</def>

<h1>Apanthropy</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pan"thro*py</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ from + <?/ man.]</ety> <def>An aversion to the company of men; a love of solitude.</def>

<mhw><h1>Apar, Apara</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A"par</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A"pa*ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name <ets>apara</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mataco</er>.</def>

<h1>Aparejo</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A`pa*re"jo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A kind of pack saddle used in the American military service and among the Spanish Americans. It is made of leather stuffed with hay, moss, or the like.</def>

<h1>Aparithmesis</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap`a*rith"me*sis</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, from <?/ to count off or over.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Enumeration of parts or particulars.</def>

<h1>Apart</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*part"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'85 part</ets>; (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>part</ets> part. See <er>Part</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Separately, in regard to space or company; in a state of separation as to place; aside.</def>

<blockquote>Others <b>apart</b> sat on a hill retired.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Lord hath set <b>apart</b> him that is godly for himself.
<i>Ps. iv. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a state of separation, of exclusion, or of distinction, as to purpose, use, or character, or as a matter of thought; separately; independently; <as>as, consider the two propositions <ex>apart</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Aside; away.</def> "Wherefore lay <i>apart</i> all filthiness and superfluity of naughtiness."

<i>Jas. i. 21.</i>

<blockquote>Let Pleasure go, put Care <b>apart</b>.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In two or more parts; asunder; to piece; <as>as, to take a piece of machinery <ex>apart</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Apartment</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*part"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>appartement</ets>; cf. It. <ets>appartamento</ets>, fr. <ets>appartare</ets> to separate, set apart; all fr. L. <ets>ad + pars</ets>, <ets>partis</ets>, part. See <er>Apart</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A room in a building; a division in a house, separated from others by partitions.</def>

<i>Fielding.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A set or suite of rooms.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A compartment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Apartness</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*part"ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of standing apart.</def>

<h1>Apastron</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap*as"tron</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ from + <?/ star.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>That point in the orbit of a double star where the smaller star is farthest from its primary.</def>

<mhw><h1>Apathetic, Apathetical</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap`a*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`a*thet"ic*al</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Apathy</er>.]</ety> <def>Void of feeling; not susceptible of deep emotion; passionless; indifferent.</def>

<h1>Apathetically</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap`a*thet"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an apathetic manner.</def>

<h1>Apathist</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap"a*thist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>apathiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who is destitute of feeling.</def>

<h1>Apathistical</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap`a*this"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Apathetic; une motional.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Apathy</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap"a*thy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Apathies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>apathia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, to suffer: cf. F. <ets>apathie</ets>. See <er>Pathos</er>.]</ety> <def>Want of feeling; privation of passion, emotion, or excitement; dispassion; -- applied either to the body or the mind. As applied to the mind, it is a calmness, indolence, or state of indifference, incapable of being ruffled or roused to active interest or exertion by pleasure, pain, or passion.</def> "The <i>apathy</i> of despair."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>A certain <b>apathy</b> or sluggishness in his nature which led him . . . to leave events to take their own course.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>According to the Stoics, <b>apathy</b> meant the extinction of the passions by the ascendency of reason.
<i>Fleming.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In the first ages of the church, the Christians adopted the term to express a contempt of earthly concerns.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Insensibility; unfeelingness; indifference; unconcern; stoicism; supineness; sluggishness.</syn>

<h1>Apatite</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap"a*tite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ deceit, fr. <?/ to deceive; it having been often mistaken for other minerals.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native phosphate of lime, occurring usually in six-sided prisms, color often pale green, transparent or translucent.</def>

<h1>Apaum\'82</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A`pau`m\'82"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Appaum<?/</er>.</def>

<h1>Ape</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ape</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>apa</ets>; akin to D. <ets>aap</ets>, OHG. <ets>affo</ets>, G. <ets>affe</ets>, Icel. <ets>api</ets>, Sw. <ets>apa</ets>, Dan. <ets>abe</ets>, W. <ets>epa</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A quadrumanous mammal, esp. of the family <i>Simiad\'91</i>, having teeth of the same number and form as in man, having teeth of the same number and form as in man, and possessing neither a tail nor cheek pouches. The name is applied esp. to species of the genus <spn>Hylobates</spn>, and is sometimes used as a general term for all Quadrumana. The higher forms, the gorilla, chimpanzee, and ourang, are often called <i>anthropoid apes</i> or <i>man apes</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>ape</i> of the Old Testament was prqobably the rhesus monkey of India, and allied forms.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who imitates servilely (in allusion to the manners of the ape); a mimic.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A dupe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ape</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ape</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aped</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To mimic, as an ape imitates human actions; to imitate or follow servilely or irrationally.</def> "How he <i>apes</i> his sire."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>The people of England will not <b>ape</b> the fashions they have never tried.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apeak</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*peak"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>peak</ets>. Cf. F. <ets>\'85 pic</ets> vertically.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>In a vertical line. The anchor in <i>apeak</i>, when the cable has been sufficiently hove in to bring the ship over it, and the ship is them said to be hove <i>apeak</i>.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>apeek</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Apehood</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ape"hood</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being an ape.</def>

<h1>Apellous</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pel"lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + L. <ets>pellis</ets> skin.]</ety> <def>Destitute of skin.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Apennine</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap"en*nine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Apenninus</ets>, fr. Celtic <ets>pen</ets>, or <ets>ben</ets>, peak, mountain.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, the Apennines, a chain of mountains extending through Italy.</def>

<h1>Apepsy</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pep"sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>apepsia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ uncooked, undigested; <?/ priv. + <?/ cooked, <?/ to cook, digest.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Defective digestion, indigestion.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Aper</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who apes.</def>

<h1>Aperea</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pe"re*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wild Guinea pig of Brazil (<spn>Cavia aperea</spn>).</def>

<h1>Aperient</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pe"ri*ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aperiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>aperire</ets> to uncover, open; <ets>ab + parire</ets>, <ets>parere</ets>, to bring forth, produce. Cf. <er>Cover</er>, <er>Overt</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Gently opening the bowels; laxative.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An aperient medicine or food.</def></def2>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Aperitive</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*per"i*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ap\'82ritif</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aperire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to open; aperient.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Apert</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pert"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>apert</ets>, L. <ets>apertus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aperire</ets>. See <er>Aperient</er>, and cf. <er>Pert</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Open; ev<?/dent; undisguised.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Apert</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pert"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Openly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Apertion</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*per"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apertio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of opening; an opening; an aperture.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Apertly</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pert"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Openly; clearly.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Apertness</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>A*pert"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Openness; frankness.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Aperture</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap"er*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apertura</ets>, fr. <ets>aperire</ets>. See <er>Aperient</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of opening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An opening; an open space; a gap, cleft, or chasm; a passage perforated; a hole; <as>as, an <ex>aperture</ex> in a wall</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>aperture</b> between the mountains.
<i>Gilpin.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The back <b>aperture</b> of the nostrils.
<i>Owen.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The diameter of the exposed part of the object glass of a telescope or other optical instrument; <as>as, a telescope of four-inch <ex>aperture</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>aperture</i> of microscopes is often expressed in degrees, called also the <i>angular aperture</i>, which signifies the angular breadth of the pencil of light which the instrument transmits from the object or point viewed; as, a microscope of 100&deg; <i>aperture</i>.</note>

<h1>Apery</h1>
<Xpage=<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Anxieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety>67 <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>>

<hw>Ap"er*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aperies</plw>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place where apes are kept.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Kingsley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The practice of aping; an apish action.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<-- p. 68  -->

<h1>Apetalous</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>petal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having no petals, or flower leaves. [See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Anther</er>].</def>

<h1>Apetalousness</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*pet"al*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being apetalous.</def>

<h1>Apex</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A"pex</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Apexes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>; L. <plw>Apices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The tip, top, point, or angular summit of anything; <as>as, the <ex>apex</ex> of a mountain, spire, or cone; the <ex>apex</ex>, or tip, of a leaf.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The end or edge of a vein nearest the surface.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Apex of the earth's motion</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>that point of the heavens toward which the earth is moving in its orbit.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aph\'91resis</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*ph\'91r"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Apheresis</er>.</def>

<h1>Aphakia</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*pha"ki*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.; Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ seed of a lentil.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An anomalous state of refraction caused by the absence of the crystalline lens, as after operations for cataract. The remedy is the use of powerful convex lenses.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Aphakial</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*pha"ki*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to aphakia; <as>as, <ex>aphakial</ex> eyes</as>.</def>

<h1>Aphaniptera</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`a*nip"te*ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ invisible (<?/ priv. + <?/ to appear) + <?/ a wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of wingless insects, of which the flea in the type. See <er>Flea</er>.</def>

<h1>Aphanipterous</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`a*nip"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Aphaniptera.</def>

<h1>Aphanite</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph"a*nite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ invisible; <?/ priv. + <?/ to appear.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A very compact, dark-colored <?/ock, consisting of hornblende, or pyroxene, and feldspar, but neither of them in perceptible grains.</def>

<h1>Aphanitic</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`a*nit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Resembling aphanite; having a very fine-grained structure.</def>

<h1>Aphasia, Aphasy</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw><hw>A*pha"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Aph"a*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>aphasia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ not spoken; <?/ priv. + <?/ to speak: cf. F. <ets>aphasie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Loss of the power of speech, or of the appropriate use of words, the vocal organs remaining intact, and the intelligence being preserved. It is dependent on injury or disease of the brain.</def>

<h1>Aphasic</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*pha"sic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or affected by, aphasia; speechless.</def>

<h1>Aphelion</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*phel"ion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aphelia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ sun.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>That point of a planet's or comet's orbit which is most distant from the sun, the opposite point being the <i>perihelion</i>.</def>

<h1>Apheliotropic</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*phe`li*o*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ sun + <?/ belonging to a turning.]</ety> <def>Turning away from the sun; -- said of leaves, etc.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Apheliotropism</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*phe`li*ot"ro*pism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The habit of bending from the sunlight; -- said of certain plants.</def>

<h1>Aphemia</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*phe"mi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ voice.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Loss of the power of speaking, while retaining the power of writing; -- a disorder of cerebral origin.</def>

<h1>Apheresis</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*pher"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aphaeresis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to take away; <?/ + <?/ to take.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The dropping of a letter or syllable from the beginning of a word; <it>e. g</it>., cute for <i>a</i>cute.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An operation by which any part is separated from the rest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Aphesis</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph"e*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a letting go; <?/ + <?/ to let go.]</ety> <def>The loss of a short unaccented vowel at the beginning of a word; -- the result of a phonetic process; <as>as, <ex>squire</ex> for <ex>esquire</ex></as>.</def>

<i>New Eng. Dict.</i>

<h1>Aphetic</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*phet"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ letting go, fr. <?/ to let go.]</ety> <def>Shortened by dropping a letter or a syllable from the beginning of a word; <as>as, an <ex>aphetic</ex> word or form</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*phet"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>New Eng. Dict.</i>

<h1>Aphetism</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph"e*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An aphetized form of a word.</def>

<i>New Eng. Dict.</i>

<h1>Aphetize</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph"e*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shorten by aphesis.</def>

<blockquote>These words . . . have been <b>aphetized</b>.
<i>New Eng. Dict.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aphid</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A"phid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the genus Aphis; an aphidian.</def>

<h1>Aphides</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph"i*des</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Aphis</er>.</def>

<h1>Aphidian</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A*phid"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the family <spn>Aphid\'91</spn>.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One of the aphides; an aphid.</def></def2>

<h1>Aphidivorous</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`i*div"o*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[<ets>Aphis</ets> + L. <ets>vorare</ets> to devour.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Devouring aphides; aphidophagous.</def>

<h1>Aphidophagous</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`i*doph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aphis</ets> + Gr. <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Feeding upon aphides, or plant lice, as do beetles of the family <spn>Coccinellid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Aphilanthropy</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`i*lan"thro*py</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ not loving man; <?/ priv. + <?/ to love + <?/ man.]</ety> <def>Want of love to mankind; -- the opposite of <i>philanthropy</i>.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Aphis</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A"phis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aphides</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of insects belonging to the order Hemiptera and family <spn>Aphid\'91</spn>, including numerous species known as plant lice and green flies.</def>

<note>&hand; Besides the true males and females, there is a race of wingless asexual individuals which have the power of producing living young in rapid succession, and these in turn may produce others of the same kind for several generations, before sexual individuals appear. They suck the sap of plants by means of a tubular proboscis, and owing to the wonderful rapidity of their reproduction become very destructive to vegetation. Many of the <spn>Aphid\'91</spn> excrete honeydew from two tubes near the end of the body.</note>

<h1>Aphis lion</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>A"phis li"on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of the lacewinged flies <spn>(Chrysopa)</spn>, which feeds voraciously upon aphids. The name is also applied to the larv\'91 of the ladybugs <spn>(Coccinella)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Aphlogistic</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`lo*gis"*tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ not inflammable; <?/ priv. + <?/ set on fire. See Phlogiston.]</ety> <def>Flameless; <as>as, an <ex>aphlogistic</ex> lamp, in which a coil of wire is kept in a state of continued ignition by alcohol, without flame</as>.</def>

<h1>Aphonia, Aphony</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw><hw>A*pho"ni*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Aph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>aphonia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ voiceless; <?/ priv. + <?/ voice: cf. F. <ets>aphonie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Loss of voice or vocal utterance.</def>

<h1>Aphonic, Aphonous</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw><hw>A*phon"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Aph"o*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without voice; voiceless; nonvocal.</def>

<h1>Aphorism</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph"o*rism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aphorisme</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ definition, a short, pithy sentence, fr. <?/ to mark off by boundaries, to define; <?/ from + <?/ to separate, part. See <er>Horizon</er>.]</ety> <def>A comprehensive maxim or principle expressed in a few words; a sharply defined sentence relating to abstract truth rather than to practical matters.</def>

<blockquote>The first <b>aphorism</b> of Hippocrates is, "Life is short, and the art is long."
<i>Fleming.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Axiom; maxim; adage; proverb; apothegm; saying; saw; truism; dictum. See <er>Axiom</er>.</syn>

<h1>Aphorismatic, Aphorismic</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw><hw>Aph`o*ris*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Aph`o*ris"mic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to aphorisms, or having the form of an aphorism.</def>

<h1>Aphorismer</h1>
<Xpage=68>

<hw>Aph`o*ris"mer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dealer in aphorisms.</def> <mark>[Used in derogation or contempt.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Aphorist</h1>
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<hw>Aph"o*rist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer or utterer of aphorisms.</def>

<h1>Aphoristic, Aphoristical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Aph`o*ris"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Aph`o*ris"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>In the form of, or of the nature of, an aphorism; in the form of short, unconnected sentences; <as>as, an <ex>aphoristic</ex> style</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The method of the book is <b>aphoristic</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aphoristically</h1>
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<hw>Aph`o*ris"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the form or manner of aphorisms; pithily.</def>

<h1>Aphorize</h1>
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<hw>Aph"o*rize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make aphorisms.</def>

<h1>Aphrite</h1>
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<hw>Aph"rite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Calcite</er>.</def>

<h1>Aphrodisiac, Aphrodisiacal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Aph`ro*dis"i*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Aph`ro*di*si"a*cal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ pertaining to sensual love, fr. <?/. See <er>Aphrodite</er>.]</ety> <def>Exciting venereal desire; provocative to venery.</def>

<h1>Aphrodisiac</h1>
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<hw>Aph`ro*dis"i*ac</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which (as a drug, or some kinds of food) excites to venery.</def>

<h1>Aphrodisian</h1>
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<hw>Aph`ro*dis"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Aphrodite or Venus. "<i>Aphrodisian</i> dames" [that is, courtesans].</def>

<i>C. Reade.</i>

<h1>Aphrodite</h1>
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<hw>Aph`ro*di"te</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Classic Myth.)</fld> <def>The Greek goddess of love, corresponding to the Venus of the Romans.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large marine annelid, covered with long, lustrous, golden, hairlike set\'91; the sea mouse.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beautiful butterfly <spn>(Argunnis Aphrodite)</spn> of the United States.</def>

<h1>Aphroditic</h1>
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<hw>Aph`ro*dit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Venereal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Aphtha</h1>
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<hw>Aph"tha</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sing. of <er>Aphth\'91</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the whitish specks called aphth\'91.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The disease, also called thrush.</def>

<h1>Aphth\'91</h1>
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<hw>Aph"th\'91</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ (mostly in pl. <?/, Hipp.) an eruption, thrush, fr. <?/ to set on fire, inflame.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Roundish pearl-colored specks or flakes in the mouth, on the lips, etc., terminating in white sloughs. They are commonly characteristic of thrush.</def>

<h1>Aphthoid</h1>
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<hw>Aph"thoid</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aphtha</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of aphth\'91; resembling thrush.</def>

<h1>Aphthong</h1>
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<hw>Aph"thong</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ silent; <?/ priv. + <?/ voice, sound, fr. <?/ to sound.]</ety> <def>A letter, or a combination of letters, employed in spelling a word, but in the pronunciation having no sound.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Aph*thon"gal</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Aphthous</h1>
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<hw>Aph"thous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aphtheux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or caused by, aphth\'91; characterized by apht\'91; <as>as, <ex>aphthous</ex> ulcers; <ex>aphthous</ex> fever.</as></def>

<h1>Aphyllous</h1>
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<hw>Aph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of leaves, as the broom rape, certain euphorbiaceous plants, etc.</def>

<h1>Apiaceous</h1>
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<hw>A`pi*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Umbelliferous.</def>

<h1>Apian</h1>
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<hw>A"pi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to bees.</def>

<h1>Apiarian</h1>
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<hw>A`pi*a"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to bees.</def>

<h1>Apiarist</h1>
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<hw>A"pi*a*rist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who keeps an apiary.</def>

<h1>Apiary</h1>
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<hw>A"pi*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apiarium</ets>, fr. <ets>apis</ets> bee.]</ety> <def>A place where bees are kept; a stand or shed for bees; a beehouse.</def>

<h1>Apical</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apex</ets>, <ets>apicis</ets>, tip or summit.]</ety> <def>At or belonging to an apex, tip, or summit.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Apices</h1>
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<hw>Ap"i*ces</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Apex</er>.</def>

<h1>Apician</h1>
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<hw>A*pi"cian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Apicianus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to Apicius, a notorious Roman epicure; hence applied to whatever is peculiarly refined or dainty and expensive in cookery.</def>

<i>H. Rogers.</i>

<h1>Apicular</h1>
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<hw>A*pic"u*lar</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>apiculus</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>apex</ets>, <ets>apicis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Situated at, or near, the apex; apical.</def>

<h1>Apiculate, Apiculated</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*pic"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*pic"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Apicular</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Terminated abruptly by a small, distinct point, as a leaf.</def>

<h1>Apiculture</h1>
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<hw>Ap"i*cul`ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apis</ets> bee + E. culture.]</ety> <def>Rearing of bees for their honey and wax.</def>

<h1>Apiece</h1>
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<hw>A*piece"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>piece</ets>.]</ety> <def>Each by itself; by the single one; to each; as the share of each; <as>as, these melons cost a shilling <ex>apiece</ex></as>.</def> "Fined . . . a thousand pounds <i>apiece</i>."

<i>Hume.</i>

<h1>Apieces</h1>
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<hw>A*pie"ces</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In pieces or to pieces.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Being torn <i>apieces</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Apiked</h1>
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<hw>A*pik"ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Trimmed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Full fresh and new here gear <b>apiked</b> was.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apiol</h1>
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<hw>A"pi*ol</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>api</ets>um parsley + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An oily liquid derived from parsley.</def>

<h1>Apiologist</h1>
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<hw>A`pi*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apis</ets> bee + <ets>-logist</ets> (see <er>-logy</er>).]</ety> <def>A student of bees.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Apis</h1>
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<hw>A"pis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., bee.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of insects of the order Hymenoptera, including the common honeybee (<spn>Apis mellifica</spn>) and other related species. See <er>Honeybee</er>.</def>

<h1>Apish</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the qualities of an ape; prone to imitate in a servile manner. Hence: Apelike; fantastically silly; foppish; affected; trifling.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>apish</b> gallantry of a fantastic boy.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apishly</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ish*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an apish manner; with servile imitation; foppishly.</def>

<h1>Apishness</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being apish; mimicry; foppery.</def>

<h1>Apitpat</h1>
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<hw>A*pit"pat</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>pitpat</ets>.]</ety> <def>With quick beating or palpitation; pitapat.</def>

<i>Congreve.</i>

<h1>Aplacental</h1>
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<hw>Ap`la*cen"tal</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>placental</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to the Aplacentata; without placenta.</def>

<h1>Aplacentata</h1>
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<hw>Ap`la*cen*ta"ta</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>placenta</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Mammals which have no placenta.</def>

<h1>Aplacophora</h1>
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<hw>Ap`la*coph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a flat cake + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Amphineura in which the body is naked or covered with slender spines or set\'91, but is without shelly plates.</def>

<h1>Aplanatic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`la*nat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ disposed to wander, wandering, <?/ to wander.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Having two or more parts of different curvatures, so combined as to remove spherical aberration; -- said of a lens.</def>

<cs><col>Aplanatic focus</col> of a lens <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the point or focus from which rays diverging pass the lens without spherical aberration. In certain forms of lenses there are two such foci; and it is by taking advantage of this fact that the best aplanatic object glasses of microscopes are constructed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aplanatism</h1>
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<hw>A*plan"a*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Freedom from spherical aberration.</def>

<h1>Aplastic</h1>
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<hw>A*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>plastic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not plastic or easily molded.</def>

<h1>Aplomb</h1>
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<hw>A`plomb"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., lit. perpendicularity; <?/ to + <ets>plomb</ets> lead. See <er>Plumb</er>.]</ety> <def>Assurance of manner or of action; self-possession.</def>

<h1>Aplotomy</h1>
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<hw>A*plot"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ simple + <?/ a cutting.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Simple incision.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Aplustre</h1>
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<hw>A*plus"tre</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An ornamental appendage of wood at the ship's stern, usually spreading like a fan and curved like a bird's feather.</def>

<i>Audsley.</i>

<h1>Aplysia</h1>
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<hw>A*plys"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a dirty sponge, fr. <?/ unwashed; <?/ priv. + <?/ to wash.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine mollusks of the order <spn>Tectibranchiata</spn>; the sea hare. Some of the species when disturbed throw out a deep purple liquor, which colors the water to some distance. See <i>Illust</i>. in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Apneumona</h1>
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<hw>Ap*neu"mo*na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, a lung.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of holothurians in which the internal respiratory organs are wanting; -- called also <spn>Apoda</spn> or <spn>Apodes</spn>.</def>

<h1>Apn</a</h1>
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<hw>Ap*n<?/"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, breath, <?/ to breathe, blow.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Partial privation or suspension of breath; suffocation.</def>

<h1>Apo</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Ab-</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix from a Greek preposition. It usually signifies <i>from</i>, <i>away from</i>, <i>off</i>, or <i>asunder</i>, <i>separate</i>; <as>as, in <ex>apo</ex>cope (a cutting <ex>off</ex>), <ex>apo</ex>state, <ex>apo</ex>stle (one sent <ex>away</ex>), <ex>apo</ex>carpous</as>.</def>

<h1>Apocalypse</h1>
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<hw>A*poc"a*lypse</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apocalypsis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to uncover, to disclose; <?/ from + <?/ to cover, conceal: cf. F. <ets>apocalypse</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The revelation delivered to St. John, in the isle of Patmos, near the close of the first century, forming the last book of the New Testament.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything viewed as a revelation; as disclosure.</def>

<blockquote>The new <b>apocalypse</b> of Nature.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apocalyptic, Apocalyptical</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*poc`a*lyp"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*poc`a*lyp"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a revelation, or, specifically, to the Revelation of St. John; containing, or of the nature of, a prophetic revelation.</def>

<cs><col>Apocolyptic number</col>, <cd>the number 666, mentioned in <i>Rev. xiii. 18</i>. It has been variously interpreted.</cd></cs>

<-- p. 69  -->

<mhw><h1>Apocalyptic, Apocalyptist</h1>
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<hw>A*poc`a*lyp"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*poc`a*lyp"tist</hw></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The writer of the Apocalypse.</def>

<h1>Apocalyptically</h1>
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<hw>A*poc`a*lyp"tic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By revelation; in an apocalyptic manner.</def>

<h1>Apocarpous</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*car"pous</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>apo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Either entirely of partially separate, as the carpels of a compound pistil; -- opposed to <i>syncarpous</i>.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<h1>Apocopate</h1>
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<hw>A*poc"o*pate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>apocopatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>apocopare</ets> to cut off, fr. L. <ets>apocore</ets>. See <er>Apocope</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To cut off or drop; <as>as, to <ex>apocopate</ex> a word, or the last letter, syllable, or part of a word</as>.</def>

<h1>Apocopate, Apocopated</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*poc"o*pate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*poc"o*pa`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shortened by apocope; <as>as, an <ex>apocopate</ex> form</as>.</def>

<h1>Apocopation</h1>
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<hw>A*poc`o*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Shortening by apocope; the state of being apocopated.</def>

<h1>Apocope</h1>
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<hw>A*poc"o*pe</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a cutting off, fr. <?/ to cut off; <?/ from + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The cutting off, or omission, of the last letter, syllable, or part of a word.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cutting off; abscission.</def>

<h1>Apocrisiary, Apocrisiarius</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap`o*cris"i*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`o*cris`i*a"ri*us</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apocrisiarius</ets>, <ets>apocrisarius</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ answer, fr. <?/ to answer; <?/ from + <?/ to separate.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A delegate or deputy; especially, the pope's nuncio or legate at Constantinople.</def>

<h1>Apocrustic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*crus"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ able to drive off, fr. <?/ to drive off.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Astringent and repellent.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An apocrustic medicine.</def></def2>

<h1>Apocrypha</h1>
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<hw>A*poc"ry*pha</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>, but often used as <i>sing</i>. with <plu>pl. <plw>Apocryphas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>apocryphus</ets> apocryphal, Gr. <?/ hidden, spurious, fr. <?/ to hide; <?/ from + <?/ to hide.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something, as a writing, that is of doubtful authorship or authority; -- formerly used also adjectively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specif.: Certain writings which are received by some Christians as an authentic part of the Holy Scriptures, but are rejected by others.</def>

<note>&hand; Fourteen such writings, or books, formed part of the Septuagint, but not of the Hebrew canon recognized by the Jews of Palestine. The Council of Trent included all but three of these in the canon of inspired books having equal authority. The German and English Reformers grouped them in their Bibles under the title <i>Apocrypha</i>, as not having dogmatic authority, but being profitable for instruction. The Apocrypha is now commonly <?/mitted from the King James's Bible.</note>

<h1>Apocryphal</h1>
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<hw>A*poc"ry*phal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the Apocrypha.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not canonical. Hence: Of doubtful authority; equivocal; mythic; fictitious; spurious; false.</def>

<blockquote>The passages . . . are, however, in part from <b>apocryphal</b> or fictitious works.
<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apocryphalist</h1>
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<hw>A*poc"ry*phal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes in, or defends, the Apocrypha.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Apocryphally</h1>
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<hw>A*poc"ry*phal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an apocryphal manner; mythically; not indisputably.</def>

<h1>Apocryphalness</h1>
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<hw>A*poc"ry*phal*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being apocryphal; doubtfulness of credit or genuineness.</def>

<mhw><h1>Apocynaceous, Apocyneous</h1>
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<hw>A*poc`y*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`o*cyn"e*ous</hw><mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ dogbane; <?/ from + <?/ dog.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, a family of plants, of which the dogbane <spn>(Apocynum)</spn> is the type.</def>

<h1>Apocynin</h1>
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<hw>A*poc"y*nin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Apocynum</ets>, the generic name of dogbane.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter principle obtained from the dogbane <spn>(Apocynum cannabinum)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Apod, Apodal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap"od</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap"o*dal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Apod</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without feet; footless.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Destitute of the ventral fin, as the eels.</def>

<h1>Apod, Apode</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap"od</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap"ode</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Apods</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> or <plw>Apodes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, footless; <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of certain animals that have no feet or footlike organs; esp. one of certain fabulous birds which were said to have no feet.</def>

<note>&hand; The bird of paradise formerly had the name <spn>Paradisea apoda</spn>, being supposed to have no feet, as these were wanting in the specimens first obtained from the East Indies.</note>

<h1>Apoda</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/. See <er>Apod</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A group of cirripeds, destitute of footlike organs.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An order of Amphibia without feet. See <er>Ophiomorpha</er>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A group of worms without appendages, as the leech.</def>

<h1>Apodan</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*dan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Apodal.</def>

<h1>Apodeictic, Apodictic, Apodeictical, Apodictical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap"o*deic"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`o*dic"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`o*deic"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`o*dic"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apodicticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to point out, to show by argument; <?/ from + <?/ to show.]</ety> <def>Self-evident; intuitively true; evident beyond contradiction.</def>

<i>Brougham. Sir Wm. Hamilton.</i>

<mhw><h1>Apodeictically, Apodictically</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*deic"tic*al*ly</hw>, <hw>Ap`o*dic"tic*al*ly</hw></mhw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to be evident beyond contradiction.</def>

<h1>Apodeme</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*deme</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>apo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the processes of the shell which project inwards and unite with one another, in the thorax of many Crustacea.</def>

<h1>Apodes</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*des</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., masc. pl. See <er>Apoda</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An order of fishes without ventral fins, including the eels.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A group of holothurians destitute of suckers. See <er>Apneumona</er>.</def>

<h1>Apodictic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*dic"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Apodeictic</er>.</def>

<h1>Apodixis</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*dix"is</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Full demonstration.</def>

<h1>Apodosis</h1>
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<hw>A*pod"o*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to give back; <?/ from, back again + <?/ to give.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The consequent clause or conclusion in a conditional sentence, expressing the <i>result</i>, and thus distinguished from the <i>protasis</i> or clause which expresses a <i>condition</i>. Thus, in the sentence, "Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him," the former clause is the <i>protasis</i>, and the latter the <i>apodosis</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; Some grammarians extend the terms <i>protasis</i> and <i>apodosis</i> to the introductory clause and the concluding clause, even when the sentence is not conditional.</note>

<h1>Apodous</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*dous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>(#), <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Apodal; apod.</def>

<h1>Apodyterium</h1>
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<hw>A*pod`y*te"ri*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to strip one's self.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Arch.)</fld> <def>The apartment at the entrance of the baths, or in the palestra, where one stripped; a dressing room.</def>

<h1>Apogaic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*ga"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ far from the earth.]</ety> <def>Apogean.</def>

<h1>Apogamic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*gam"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to apogamy.</def>

<h1>Apogamy</h1>
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<hw>A*pog"a*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>apo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The formation of a bud in place of a fertilized ovule or o\'94spore.</def>

<i>De Bary.</i>

<h1>Apogeal</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*ge"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Apogean.</def>

<h1>Apogean</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*ge"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Connected with the apogee; <as>as, <ex>apogean</ex> (neap) tides, which occur when the moon has passed her apogee</as>.</def>

<h1>Apogee</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*gee</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ from the earth; <?/ from + <?/, <?/, earth: cf. F. <ets>apog\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>That point in the orbit of the moon which is at the greatest distance from the earth.</def>

<note>&hand; Formerly, on the hypothesis that the earth is in the center of the system, this name was given to that point in the orbit of the sun, or of a planet, which was supposed to be at the greatest distance from the earth.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: The farthest or highest point; culmination.</def>

<h1>Apogeotropic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*ge`o*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>apo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ earth + <?/ turning.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bending away from the ground; -- said of leaves, etc.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Apogeotropism</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*ge*ot"ro*pism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The apogeotropic tendency of some leaves, and other parts.</def>

<h1>Apograph</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ from + <?/ to write: cf. F. <ets>apographe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A copy or transcript.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Apohyal</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*hy"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>apo-</ets> + the Gr. letter Y.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a portion of the horn of the hyoid bone.</def>

<h1>Apoise</h1>
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<hw>A*poise"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>poise</ets>.]</ety> <def>Balanced.</def>

<h1>Apolar</h1>
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<hw>A*po"lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>polar</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having no radiating processes; -- applied particularly to certain nerve cells.</def>

<h1>Apolaustic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*laus"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to enjoy.]</ety> <def>Devoted to enjoyment.</def>

<h1>Apollinarian</h1>
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<hw>A*pol`li*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Apollinaris</ets>, fr. <ets>Apollo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>In honor of Apollo; <as>as, the <ex>Apollinarian</ex> games</as>.</def>

<h1>Apollinarian</h1>
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<hw>A*pol`li*na"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of Apollinaris, Bishop of Laodicea in the fourth century, who denied the proper humanity of Christ.</def>

<h1>Apollinaris water</h1>
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<hw>A*pol`li*na"ris wa"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>An effervescing alkaline mineral water used as a table beverage. It is obtained from a spring in Apollinarisburg, near Bonn.</def>

<h1>Apollo</h1>
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<hw>A*pol"lo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Apollo</ets>, <ets>-linis</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Classic Myth.)</fld> <def>A deity among the Greeks and Romans. He was the god of light and day (the "sun god"), of archery, prophecy, medicine, poetry, and music, etc., and was represented as the model of manly grace and beauty; -- called also <altname>Ph\'82bus</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>The Apollo Belvedere</col>, <cd>a celebrated statue of Apollo in the Belvedere gallery of the Vatican palace at Rome, esteemed of the noblest representations of the human frame.</cd></cs>

<mhw><h1>Apollonian, Apollonic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`ol*lo"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`ol*lon"ic</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, Apollo.</def>

<h1>Apollyon</h1>
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<hw>A*pol"ly*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ destroying, fr. <?/, <?/, to destroy utterly; <?/ from, entirely + <?/ to destroy.]</ety> <def>The Destroyer; -- a name used <i>(Rev. ix. 11)</i> for the angel of the bottomless pit, answering to the Hebrew <i>Abaddon</i>.</def>

<h1>Apologer</h1>
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<hw>A*pol"o*ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A teller of apologues.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Apologetic, Apologetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*pol`o*get"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*pol`o*get"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to speak in defense of; <?/ from + <?/ speech, <?/ to say, to speak. See <er>Logic</er>.]</ety> <def>Defending by words or arguments; said or written in defense, or by way of apology; regretfully excusing; <as>as, an <ex>apologetic</ex> essay</as>.</def> "To speak in a subdued and <i>apologetic</i> tone."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Apologetically</h1>
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<hw>A*pol`o*get"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of apology.</def>

<h1>Apologetics</h1>
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<hw>A*pol`o*get"ics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That branch of theology which defends the Holy Scriptures, and sets forth the evidence of their divine authority.</def>

<h1>Apologist</h1>
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<hw>A*pol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>apologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who makes an apology; one who speaks or writes in defense of a faith, a cause, or an institution; especially, one who argues in defense of Christianity.</def>

<h1>Apologize</h1>
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<hw>A*pol"o*gize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Apologized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Apologizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>apologiser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make an apology or defense.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make an apology or excuse; to make acknowledgment of some fault or offense, with expression of regret for it, by way of amends; -- with <i>for</i>; <i>as</i>, my correspondent <i>apologized</i> for not answering my letter.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>apologize</b> for his insolent language.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apologize</h1>
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<hw>A*pol"o*gize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To defend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Christians . . . were <b>apologized</b> by Plinie.
<i>Dr. G. Benson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apologizer</h1>
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<hw>A*pol"o*gi`zer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes an apology; an apologist.</def>

<h1>Apologue</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*logue</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apologous</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ from + <?/ speech, <?/ to speak: cf. F. <ets>apologue</ets>.]</ety> <def>A story or relation of fictitious events, intended to convey some moral truth; a moral fable.</def>

<note>&hand; An <i>apologue</i> differs from a <i>parable</i> in this;: the parable is drawn from events which take place among mankind, and therefore requires probability in the narrative; the <i>apologue</i> is founded on supposed actions of brutes or inanimate things, and therefore is not limited by strict rules of probability. \'92sop's fables are good examples of <i>apologues</i>.</note>

<h1>Apology</h1>
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<hw>A*pol"o*gy</hw> <tt><tt>(#)</tt></tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Apologies</plw> . <ety>[L. <ets>apologia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ from + <?/: cf. F. <ets>apologie</ets>. See <er>Apologetic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something said or written in defense or justification of what appears to others wrong, or of what may be liable to disapprobation; justification; <as>as, Tertullian's <ex>Apology</ex> for Christianity</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It is not my intention to make an <b>apology</b> for my poem; some will think it needs no excuse, and others will receive none.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An acknowledgment intended as an atonement for some improper or injurious remark or act; an admission to another of a wrong or discourtesy done him, accompanied by an expression of regret.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything provided as a substitute; a makeshift.</def>

<blockquote>He goes to work devising <b>apologies</b> for window curtains.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Excuse</er>.</syn> <usage> An <i>apology</i>, in the original sense of the word, was a <i>pleading off</i> from some charge or imputation, by explaining and defending one's principles or conduct. It therefore amounted to a vindication. One who offers an <i>apology</i>, admits himself to have been, at least apparently, in the wrong, but brings forward some palliating circumstance, or tenders a frank acknowledgment, by way of reparation. We make an <i>apology</i> for some breach of propriety or decorum (like rude expressions, unbecoming conduct, etc.)</plu>, or some deficiency in what might be reasonably expected. We offer an <i>excuse</i> when we have been guilty of some breach or neglect of duty; and we do it by way of extenuating our fault, and with a view to be forgiven. When an <i>excuse</i> has been accepted, <i>an apology</i> may still, in some cases, be necessary or appropriate. "An <i>excuse</i> is not grounded on the claim of innocence, but is rather an appeal for favor resting on some collateral circumstance. An <i>apology</i> mostly respects the conduct of individuals toward each other as equals; it is a voluntary act produced by feelings of decorum, or a desire for the good opinion of others."</usage>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Apology</h1>
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<hw>A*pol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To offer an apology.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For which he can not well <b>apology</b>.
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apomecometer</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*me*com"e*ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instrument for measuring the height of objects.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Apomecometry</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*me*com"e*try</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>apo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ length + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of measuring the distance of objects afar off.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<h1>Apomorphia, Apomorphine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap`o*mor"phi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`o*mor"phine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>apo-</ets> + <ets>morphia</ets>, <ets>morphine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline alkaloid obtained from morphia. It is a powerful emetic.</def>

<h1>Aponeurosis</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*neu*ro"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aponeuroses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to pass into a tendon; <?/ from + <?/ to strain the sinews, <?/ sinew, tendon, nerve.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Any one of the thicker and denser of the deep fasci\'91 which cover, invest, and the terminations and attachments of, many muscles. They often differ from tendons only in being flat and thin. See <er>Fascia</er>.</def>

<h1>Aponeurotic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*neu*rot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an aponeurosis.</def>

<h1>Aponeurotomy</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*neu*rot"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aponeurosis</ets> + Gr. <?/ a cutting.]</ety> <def>Dissection of aponeuroses.</def>

<h1>Apopemptic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*pemp"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to send off or away; <?/ from + <?/ to send.]</ety> <def>Sung or addressed to one departing; valedictory; <as>as, <ex>apoplectic</ex> songs or hymns</as>.</def>

<h1>Apophasis</h1>
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<hw>A*poph"a*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ denial, fr. <?/ to speak out, to deny.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which a speaker formally declines to take notice of a favorable point, but in such a manner as to produce the effect desired. [For example, see Mark Antony's oration. <i>Shak., Julius C\'91sar, iii. 2.</i>]</def>

<h1>Apophlegmatic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*phleg*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ from + <?/ full of phlegm. See <er>Phlegmatic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Designed to facilitate discharges of phlegm or mucus from mouth or nostrils.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An apohlegmatic medicine.</def></def2>

<h1>Apophlegmatism</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*phleg"ma*tism</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, Galen.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The action of apophlegmatics.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An apophlegmatic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Apophlegmatizant</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*phleg*mat"i*zant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An apophlegmatic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Apophthegm</h1>
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<hw>Ap`oph*thegm</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Apothegm</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Apophthegmatic, Apophthegmatical</h1>
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<hw>Ap`oph*theg*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`oph*theg*mat"ic*al</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Apothegmatic</er>.</def>

<h1>Apophyge</h1>
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<hw>A*poph"y*ge</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ escape, in arch. the curve with which the shaft escapes into its base or capital, fr. <?/ to <?/<?/ee away; <?/ from + <?/ to flee: cf. F. <ets>apophyge</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The small hollow curvature given to the top or bottom of the shaft of a column where it expands to meet the edge of the fillet; -- called also the <altname>scape</altname>.</def>

<i>Parker.</i>

<h1>Apophyllite</h1>
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<hw>A*poph"yl*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>apo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ leaf; so called from its foliated structure or easy cleavage.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral relating to the zeolites, usually occurring in square prisms or octahedrons with pearly luster on the cleavage surface. It is a hydrous silicate of calcium and potassium.</def>

<h1>Apophysis</h1>
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<hw>A*poph"y*sis</hw> <tt><tt>(#)</tt></tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ses</plw>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ offshoot, process of a bone, fr. <?/ to grow from; <?/ from + <?/, <?/, to grow.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A marked prominence or process on any part of a bone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An enlargement at the top of a pedicel or stem, as seen in certain mosses.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Apoplectic  Apoplectical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap`o*plec"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>(#) <hw>Ap`o*plec"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apoplecticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>apoplectique</ets>. See <er>Apoplexy</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to apoplexy; affected with, inclined to, or symptomatic of, apoplexy; <as>as, an <ex>apoplectic</ex> person, medicine, habit or temperament, symptom, fit, or stroke</as>.</def>

<h1>Apoplectic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*plec"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One liable to, or affected with, apoplexy.</def>

<mhw><h1>Apoplectiform, Apoplectoid</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*plec"ti*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`o*plec"toid</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Apoplectic</ets> + -<ets>form</ets>, -<ets>oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling apoplexy.</def>

<h1>Apoplex</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*plex</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Apoplexy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Apoplexed</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*plexed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with apoplexy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

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<h1>Apoplexy</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*plex`y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>poplexye</ets>, LL. <ets>poplexia</ets>, <ets>apoplexia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to cripple by a stroke; <?/ from + <?/ to strike: cf. F. <ets>apoplexie</ets>. See <er>Plague</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Sudden diminution or loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary motion, usually caused by pressure on the brain.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is now usually limited to <i>cerebral apoplexy</i>, or loss of consciousness due to effusion of blood or other lesion within the substance of the brain; but it is sometimes extended to denote an effusion of blood into the substance of any organ; as, <i>apoplexy</i> of the lung.</note>

<h1>Aporetical</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*ret"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Aporia</er>.]</ety> <def>Doubting; skeptical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Aporia</h1>
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<hw>A*po"ri*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aporias</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., doubt, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ without passage, at a loss; <?/ priv. + <?/ passage.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure in which the speaker professes to be at a loss what course to pursue, where to begin to end, what to say, etc.</def>

<h1>Aporosa</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*ro"sa</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Aporia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of corals in which the coral is not porous; -- opposed to <spn>Perforata</spn>.</def>

<h1>Aporose</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*rose"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without pores.</def>

<h1>Aport</h1>
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<hw>A*port"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>port</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>On or towards the port or left side; -- said of the helm.</def>

<h1>Aposiopesis</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*si`o*pe"sis</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, from <?/ to be quite silent.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech in which the speaker breaks off suddenly, as if unwilling or unable to state what was in his mind; <as>as, "I declare to you that his conduct -- but I can not speak of <ex>that</ex>, here</as>."</def>

<h1>Apositic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*sit"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ from + <?/ food.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Destroying the appetite, or suspending hunger.</def>

<h1>Apostasy</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"ta*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Apostasies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>apostasie</ets>, F. <ets>apostasie</ets>, L. <ets>apostasia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a standing off from, a defection, fr. <?/ to stand off, revolt; <?/ from + <?/ to stand. See <er>Off</er> and <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <def>An abandonment of what one has voluntarily professed; a total desertion of departure from one's faith, principles, or party; esp., the renunciation of a religious faith; <as>as, Julian's <ex>apostasy</ex> from Christianity</as>.</def>

<h1>Apostate</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apostata</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/. See <er>Apostasy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who has forsaken the faith, principles, or party, to which he before adhered; esp., one who has forsaken his religion for another; a pervert; a renegade.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>One who, after having received sacred orders, renounces his clerical profession.</def>

<h1>Apostate</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"tate</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, apostasy; faithless to moral allegiance; renegade.</def>

<blockquote>So spake the <b>apostate</b> angel.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A wretched and <b>apostate</b> state.
<i>Steele.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apostate</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"tate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apostatare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To apostatize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We are not of them which <b>apostate</b> from Christ.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apostatic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apostaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Apostatical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Apostatical</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*stat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Apostate.</def>

<blockquote>An heretical and <b>apostatical</b> church.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apostatize</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"ta*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Apostatized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Apostatizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>apostatizare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To renounce totally a religious belief once professed; to forsake one's church, the faith or principles once held, or the party to which one has previously adhered.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>apostatized</b> from his old faith in facts, took to believing in <?/emblances.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apostemate</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"te*mate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Aposteme</er>.]</ety> <def>To form an abscess; to swell and fill with pus.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Apostemation</h1>
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<hw>A*pos`te*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>apostematio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>apost\'82mation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The formation of an aposteme; the process of suppuration.</def> <altsp>[Written corruptly <asp>imposthumation</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Apostematous</h1>
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<hw>Ap`os*tem"a*tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or partaking of the nature of, an aposteme.</def>

<h1>Aposteme</h1>
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<hw>Ap"os*teme</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apostema</ets>, Gr. <?/ the separation of corrupt matter into an ulcer, fr. <?/ to stand off: cf. F. <ets>apost\'8ame</ets>. See <er>Apostasy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An abscess; a swelling filled with purulent matter.</def> <altsp>[Written corruptly <asp>imposthume</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>A posteriori</h1>
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<hw>A` pos*te`ri*o"ri</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>a</ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>posterior</ets> latter.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Characterizing that kind of reasoning which derives propositions from the observation of facts, or by generalizations from facts arrives at principles and definitions, or infers causes from effects. This is the reverse of <i>a priori</i> reasoning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>Applied to knowledge which is based upon or derived from facts through induction or experiment; inductive or empirical.</def>

<h1>Apostil, Apostille</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*pos"til</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*pos"tille</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>apostille</ets>. See <er>Postil</er>.]</ety> <def>A marginal note on a letter or other paper; an annotation.</def>

<i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Apostle</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"tle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>apostle</ets>, <ets>apostel</ets>, <ets>postle</ets>, AS. <ets>apostol</ets>, L. <ets>apostolus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ messenger, one sent forth or away, fr. <?/ to send off or away; <?/ from + <?/ to send; akin to G. <ets>stellen</ets> to set, E. <ets>stall</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ap\'93tre</ets>, Of. <ets>apostre</ets>, <ets>apostle</ets>, <ets>apostele</ets>, <ets>apostole</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Literally: One sent forth; a messenger. Specifically: One of the twelve disciples of Christ, specially chosen as his companions and witnesses, and sent forth to preach the gospel.</def>

<blockquote>He called unto him his disciples, and of them he chose twelve, whom also he named <b>apostles</b>.
<i>Luke vi. 13.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The title of <i>apostle</i> is also applied to others, who, though not of the number of the Twelve, yet were equal with them in office and dignity; as, "Paul, called to be an <i>apostle</i> of Jesus Christ." <i>1 Cor. i. 1</i>.  In <i>Heb. iii. 1</i>, the name is given to Christ himself, as having been sent from heaven to publish the gospel. In the primitive church, other ministers were called <i>apostles</i> <i>(Rom. xvi. 7)</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The missionary who first plants the Christian faith in any part of the world; also, one who initiates any great moral reform, or first advocates any important belief; one who has extraordinary success as a missionary or reformer; <as>as, Dionysius of Corinth is called the <ex>apostle</ex> of France, John Eliot the <ex>apostle</ex> to the Indians, Theobald Mathew the <ex>apostle</ex> of temperance</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Civ. & Admiralty Law)</fld> <def>A brief letter dimissory sent by a court appealed from to the superior court, stating the case, etc.; a paper sent up on appeals in the admiralty courts.</def>

<i>Wharton. Burrill.</i>

<cs><col>Apostles' creed</col>, <cd>a creed of unknown origin, which was formerly ascribed to the apostles. It certainly dates back to the beginning of the sixth century, and some assert that it can be found in the writings of Ambrose in the fourth century.</cd> -- <col>Apostle spoon</col> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>a spoon of silver, with the handle terminating in the figure of an apostle. One or more were offered by sponsors at baptism as a present to the godchild.</cd></cs>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Apostleship</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"tle*ship</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or dignity of an apostle.</def>

<h1>Apostolate</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"to*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apostolatus</ets>, fr. <ets>apostolus</ets>. See <er>Apostle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The dignity, office, or mission, of an apostle; apostleship.</def>

<blockquote>Judas had miscarried and lost his <b>apostolate</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The dignity or office of the pope, as the holder of the apostolic see.</def>

<h1>Apostolic, Apostolical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap`os*tol"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`os*tol"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apostolicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>apostolique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to an apostle, or to the apostles, their times, or their peculiar spirit; <as>as, an <ex>apostolical</ex> mission; the <ex>apostolic</ex> age.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles; <as>as, <ex>apostolic</ex> faith or practice</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy; papal.</def>

<cs><col>Apostolical brief</col>. <cd>See under <er>Brief</er>.</cd> -- <col>Apostolic canons</col>, <cd>a collection of rules and precepts relating to the duty of Christians, and particularly to the ceremonies and discipline of the church in the second and third centuries.</cd> -- <col>Apostolic church</col>, <cd>the Christian church; -- so called on account of its apostolic foundation, doctrine, and order. The churches of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem were called <i>apostolic churches<i>.</cd> -- <col>Apostolic constitutions</col>, <cd>directions of a nature similar to the <i>apostolic canons<i>, and perhaps compiled by the same authors or author.</cd> -- <col>Apostolic fathers</col>, <cd>early Christian writers, who were born in the first century, and thus touched on the age of the apostles. They were Polycarp, Clement, Ignatius, and Hermas; to these Barnabas has sometimes been added.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Apostolic king</col> (or <col>majesty</col>)</mcol>, <cd>a title granted by the pope to the kings of Hungary on account of the extensive propagation of Christianity by St. Stephen, the founder of the royal line. It is now a title of the emperor of Austria in right of the throne of Hungary.</cd> -- <col>Apostolic see</col>, <cd>a see founded and governed by an apostle; specifically, the Church of Rome; -- so called because, in the Roman Catholic belief, the pope is the successor of St. Peter, the prince of the apostles, and the only apostle who has successors in the apostolic office.</cd> -- <col>Apostolical succession</col>, <cd>the regular and uninterrupted transmission of ministerial authority by a succession of bishops from the apostles to any subsequent period.</cd>  <i>Hook.</i></cs>

<h1>Apostolic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`os*tol"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apostolicus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A member of one of certain ascetic sects which at various times professed to imitate the practice of the apostles.</def>

<h1>Apostolically</h1>
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<hw>Ap`os*tol"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an apostolic manner.</def>

<h1>Apostolicalness</h1>
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<hw>Ap`os*tol"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Apostolicity.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Apostolicism, Apostolicity</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap`os*tol"i*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*pos`to*lic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being apostolical.</def>

<h1>Apostrophe</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"tro*phe</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[(1) L., fr. Gr. <?/ a turning away, fr. <?/ to turn away; <?/ from + <?/ to turn. (2) F., fr. L. <ets>apostrophus</ets> apostrophe, the turning away or omitting of a letter, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech by which the orator or writer suddenly breaks off from the previous method of his discourse, and addresses, in the second person, some person or thing, absent or present; <as>as, Milton's <ex>apostrophe</ex> to Light at the beginning of the third book of "Paradise Lost</as>."</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The contraction of a word by the omission of a letter or letters, which omission is marked by the character ['] placed where the letter or letters would have been; <as>as, <ex>call'd</ex> for <ex>called</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The mark ['] used to denote that a word is contracted (as in <i>ne'er</i> for never, <i>can't</i> for can not), and as sign of the possessive, singular and plural; <as>as, a boy's hat, boys' hats</as>. In the latter use it originally marked the omission of the letter <i>e</i>.</def>

<note>The apostrophe is used to mark the plural of figures and letters; as, two 10's and three a's. It is also employed to mark the close of a quotation.</note>

<h1>Apostrophic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`os*troph"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an apostrophe, grammatical or rhetorical.</def>

<h1>Apostrophize</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"tro*phize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <ety>[<tt>imp.</tt> & <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Apostrophized</er> (#); <tt>p. pr.</tt> & <tt>vb.</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <er>Apostrophizing</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To address by apostrophe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To contract by omitting a letter or letters; also, to mark with an apostrophe (') or apostrophes.</def>

<h1>Apostrophize</h1>
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<hw>A*pos"tro*phize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To use the rhetorical figure called <i>apostrophe</i>.</def>

<h1>Apostume</h1>
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<hw>Ap"os*tume</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Aposteme</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Apotactite</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*tac"tite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. pl. <ets>apotactitae</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ set apart; <?/ from + <?/ to arrange, ordain.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of ancient Christians, who, in supposed imitation of the first believers, renounced all their possessions.</def>

<h1>Apotelesm</h1>
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<hw>A*pot"e*lesm</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Apotelesmatic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The result or issue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The calculation and explanation of a nativity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Apotelesmatic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*tel`es*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ effect of the stars on human destiny, fr. <?/ to complete; <?/ from + <?/ to end, <?/ end.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to the casting of horoscopes.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating to an issue of fulfillment.</def>

<blockquote>In this way a passage in the Old Testament may have, or rather comprise, an <b>apotelesmatic</b> sense, <b>i. e.</b>, one of after or final accomplishment.
<i>M. Stuart.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apothecary</h1>
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<hw>A*poth"e*ca*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Apothecaries</plw></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>apotecarie</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>apothecarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>apotheca</ets> storehouse, Gr. <grk>apo</grk>, fr. <?/ to put away; <?/ from + <?/ to put: cf. F. <ets>apothicaire</ets>, OF. <ets>apotecaire</ets>. See <er>Thesis</er>.]</ety> <def>One who prepares and sells drugs or compounds for medicinal purposes.</def>

<note>&hand; In England an apothecary is one of a privileged class of practitioners -- a kind of sub-physician. The surgeon apothecary is the ordinary family medical attendant. One who sells drugs and makes up prescriptions is now commonly called in England a druggist or a pharmaceutical chemist.</note>

<cs><col>Apothecaries' weight</col>, <cd>the system of weights by which medical prescriptions were formerly compounded. The pound and ounce are the same as in Troy weight; they differ only in the manner of subdivision. The ounce is divided into 8 drams, 24 scruples, 480 grains. See <er>Troy weight</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Apothecium</h1>
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<hw>Apo`*the"ci*um</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Apothecia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The ascigerous fructification of lichens, forming masses of various shapes.</def>

<h1>Apothegm, Apophthegm</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap"o*thegm</hw>, <hw>Ap"oph*thegm</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thing uttered, apothegm, from <?/ to speak out; <?/ from + <?/ to speak.]</ety> <def>A short, pithy, and instructive saying; a terse remark, conveying some important truth; a sententious precept or maxim.</def> <note>[<i>Apothegm</i> is now the prevalent spelling in the United States.]</note>

<h1>Apothegmatic, Apothegmatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap`o*theg*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`o*theg*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or in the manner of, an apotghem; sententious; pithy.</def>

<h1>Apothegmatist</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*theg"ma*tist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A collector or maker of apothegms.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Apothegmatize</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*theg"ma*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To utter apothegms, or short and sententious sayings.</def>

<h1>Apothem</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*them</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ that which is placed, <?/ to place.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The perpendicular from the center to one of the sides of a regular polygon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A deposit formed in a liquid extract of a vegetable substance by exposure to the air.</def>

<h1>Apotheosis</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*the"o*sis</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <plw>Apotheoses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to deify; <?/ from + <?/ to deify, <?/ a god.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of elevating a mortal to the rank of, and placing him among, "the gods;" deification.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Glorification; exaltation.</def>   "The <i>apotheosis</i> of chivalry." <i>Prescott</i>. "The noisy <i>apotheosis</i> of liberty and machinery." <i>F. Harrison</i>.

<h1>Apotheosize</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*the"o*size</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exalt to the dignity of a deity; to declare to be a god; to deify; to glorify.</def>

<h1>Apothesis</h1>
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<hw>A*poth"e*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a putting back or away, fr. <?/. See <er>Apothecary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A place on the south side of the chancel in the primitive churches, furnished with shelves, for books, vestments, etc.</def> <i>Weale</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A dressing room connected with a public bath.</def>

<h1>Apotome</h1>
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<hw>A*pot"o*me</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a cutting off, fr. <?/ to cut off; <?/ from + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The difference between two quantities commensurable only in power, as between &root;2 and 1, or between the diagonal and side of a square.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus)</fld> <def>The remaining part of a whole tone after a smaller semitone has been deducted from it; a major semitone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Apozem</h1>
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<hw>Ap"o*zem</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apozema</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to extract by boiling; <?/ from + <?/ boil.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A decoction or infusion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Apozemical</h1>
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<hw>Ap`o*zem"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a decoction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Whitaker.</i>

<h1>Appair</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pair"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>empeirier</ets>, F. <ets>empire</ets>. See <er>Impair</er>.]</ety> <def>To impair; to grow worse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Appalachian</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pa*la"chi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a chain of mountains in the United States, commonly called the <i>Allegheny</i> mountains.</def>

<note>&hand; The name <i>Appalachian</i> was given to the mountains by the Spaniards under De Soto, who derived it from the heighboring Indians.</note>

<i>Am. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Appall</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pall"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appalled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appalling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>appalir</ets> to grow pale, make pale; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>p\'83lir</ets> to grow pale, to make pale, <ets>p\'83le</ets> pale. See Pale, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Pall</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make pale; to blanch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The answer that ye made to me, my dear, . . .
Hath so <b>appalled</b> my countenance.
<i>Wyatt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To weaken; to enfeeble; to reduce; <as>as, an old <ex>appalled</ex> wight</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Whine, of its own nature, will not congeal and freeze, only it will lose the strength, and become <b>appalled</b> in extremity of cold.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To depress or discourage with fear; to impress with fear in such a manner that the mind shrinks, or loses its firmness; to overcome with sudden terror or horror; to dismay; <as>as, the sight <ex>appalled</ex> the stoutest heart</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The house of peers was somewhat <b>appalled</b> at this alarum.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To dismay; terrify; daunt; frighten; affright; scare; depress. See <er>Dismay</er>.</syn>

<h1>Appall</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pall"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grow faint; to become weak; to become dismayed or discouraged.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lose flavor or become stale.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Appall</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pall"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Terror; dismay.</def> <mark>[Poet.]</mark>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Appalling</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pall"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as to appall; <as>as, an <ex>appalling</ex> accident</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*pall"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Appallment</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pall"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Depression occasioned by terror; dismay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Appanage</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pa*nage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>apanage</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>apaner</ets> to nourish, support, fr. LL. <ets>apanare</ets> to furnish with bread, to provision; L. <ets>ad + pains</ets> bread.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The portion of land assigned by a sovereign prince for the subsistence of his younger sons.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dependency; a dependent territory.</def>

<-- p. 71  -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which belongs to one by custom or right; a natural adjunct or accompaniment.</def> "Wealth . . . the <i>appanage</i> of wit."

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Appanagist</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pan"a*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>apanagiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prince to whom an appanage has been granted.</def>

<h1>Apparaillyng</h1>
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<hw>Ap*par"ail*lyng</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Apparel</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>Preparation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Apparatus</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pa*ratus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Apparatus</plw>, also rarely <plw>Apparatuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., from <ets>apparare</ets>, <ets>apparatum</ets>, to prepare; <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>prepare</ets> to make ready.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Things provided as means to some end.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A full collection or set of implements, or utensils, for a given duty, experimental or operative; any complex instrument or appliance, mechanical or chemical, for a specific action or operation; machinery; mechanism.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A collection of organs all of which unite in a common function; <as>as, the respiratory <ex>apparatus</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Apparel</h1>
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<hw>Ap*par"el</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>apparel</ets>, <ets>apareil</ets>, OF. <ets>apareil</ets>, <ets>appareil</ets>, preparation, provision, furniture, OF. <ets>apareiller</ets> to match, prepare, F. <ets>appareiller</ets>; OF. <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>pareil</ets> like, similar, fr. LL. <ets>pariculus</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>par</ets> equal. See <er>Pair</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>External clothing; vesture; garments; dress; garb; external habiliments or array.</def>

<blockquote>Fresh in his new <b>apparel</b>, proud and young.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>At public devotion his resigned carriage made religion appear in the natural <b>apparel</b> of simplicity.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small ornamental piece of embroidery worn on albs and some other ecclesiastical vestments.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The furniture of a ship, as masts, sails, rigging, anchors, guns, etc.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Dress; clothing; vesture; garments; raiment; garb; costume; attire; habiliments.</syn>

<h1>Apparel</h1>
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<hw>Ap*par"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appareled</er>, or <er>Apparelled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appareling</er>, or <er>Apparelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>apareiller</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make or get (something) ready; to prepare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with apparatus; to equip; to fit out.</def>

<blockquote>Ships . . . <b>appareled</b> to fight.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To dress or clothe; to attire.</def>

<blockquote>They which are gorgeously <b>appareled</b>, and live delicately, are in kings' courts.
<i>Luke vii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To dress with external ornaments; to cover with something ornamental; to deck; to embellish; <as>as, trees <ex>appareled</ex> with flowers, or a garden with verdure</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Appareled</b> in celestial light.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apparence</h1>
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<hw>Ap*par"ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aparence</ets>.]</ety> <def>Appearance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Apparency</h1>
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<hw>Ap*par"en*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Appearance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Apparentness; state of being apparent.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The position of being heir apparent.</def>

<h1>Apparent</h1>
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<hw>Ap*par"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>apparent</ets>, L. <ets>apparens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>apparere</ets>. See <er>Appear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to the eye; within sight or view.</def>

<blockquote>The moon . . . <b>apparent</b> queen.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Clear or manifest to the understanding; plain; evident; obvious; known; palpable; indubitable.</def>

<blockquote>It is <b>apparent</b> foul play.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Appearing to the eye or mind (distinguished from, but not necessarily opposed to, <i>true</i> or <i>real</i>); seeming; as the <i>apparent</i> motion or diameter of the sun.</def>

<blockquote>To live on terms of civility, and even of <b>apparent</b> friendship.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What Berkeley calls visible magnitude was by astronomers called <b>apparent</b> magnitude.
<i>Reid.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Apparent horizon</col>, <cd>the circle which in a level plain bounds our view, and is formed by the apparent meeting of the earth and heavens, as distinguished from the <i>rational<i> horizon.</cd> -- <col>Apparent time</col>. <cd>See <er>Time</er>.</cd> -- <col>Heir apparent</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one whose to an estate is indefeasible if he survives the ancestor; -- in distinction from <i>presumptive heir<i>. See <er>Presumptive</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Visible; distinct; plain; obvious; clear; certain; evident; manifest; indubitable; notorious.</syn>

<h1>Apparent</h1>
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<hw>Ap*par"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An heir apparent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I'll draw it [the sword] as <b>apparent</b> to the crown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apparently</h1>
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<hw>Ap*par"ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Visibly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hobbes.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Plainly; clearly; manifestly; evidently.</def>

<blockquote>If he should scorn me so <b>apparently</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Seemingly; in appearance; <as>as, a man may be <ex>apparently</ex> friendly, yet malicious in heart</as>.</def>

<h1>Apparentness</h1>
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<hw>Ap*par"ent*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Plainness to the eye or the mind; visibleness; obviousness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Apparition</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pa*ri"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>apparition</ets>, L. <ets>apparitio</ets>, fr. <ets>apparere</ets>. See <er>Appear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of becoming visible; appearance; visibility.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The sudden <b>apparition</b> of the Spaniards.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>apparition</b> of Lawyer Clippurse occasioned much speculation in that portion of the world.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thing appearing; a visible object; a form.</def>

<blockquote>Which <b>apparition</b>, it seems, was you.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An unexpected, wonderful, or preternatural appearance; a ghost; a specter; a phantom.</def> "The heavenly bands . . . a glorious <i>apparition</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>I think it is the weakness of mine eyes

<blockquote>That shapes this monstrous <b>apparition</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The first appearance of a star or other luminary after having been invisible or obscured; -- opposed to <i>occultation</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Circle of perpetual apparition</col>. <cd>See under <er>Circle</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Apparitional</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pa*ri"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an apparition or to apparitions; spectral.</def> "An <i>apparitional</i> soul."

<i>Tylor.</i>

<h1>Apparitor</h1>
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<hw>Ap*par"i*tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>apparere</ets>. See <er>Appear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Formerly, an officer who attended magistrates and judges to execute their orders.</def>

<blockquote>Before any of his <b>apparitors</b> could execute the sentence, he was himself summoned away by a sterner <b>apparitor</b> to the other world.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A messenger or officer who serves the process of an ecclesiastical court.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Appaum\'82</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pau`m\'82"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>appaum\'82</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (l. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>paume</ets> the palm, fr. L. <ets>palma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A hand open and extended so as to show the palm.</def>

<h1>Appay</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pay"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>appayer</ets>, <ets>apaier</ets>, LL. <ets>appacare</ets>, <ets>appagare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + pacare</ets> to pacify, <ets>pax</ets>, <ets>pacis</ets>, peace. See <er>Pay</er>, <er>Appease</er>.]</ety> <def>To pay; to satisfy or appease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Appeach</h1>
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<hw>Ap*peach"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>apechen</ets>, for <ets>empechen</ets>, OF. <ets>empeechier</ets>, F. <ets>emp\'88cher</ets>, to hinder. See <er>Impeach</er>.]</ety> <def>To impeach; to accuse; to asperse; to inform against; to reproach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And oft of error did himself <b>appeach</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appeacher</h1>
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<hw>Ap*peach"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An accuser.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Appeachment</h1>
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<hw>Ap*peach"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Accusation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Appeal</h1>
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<hw>Ap*peal"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appealed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appealing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>appelen</ets>, <ets>apelen</ets>, to appeal, accuse, OF. <ets>appeler</ets>, fr. L. <ets>appellare</ets> to approach, address, invoke, summon, call, name; akin to <ets>appellere</ets> to drive to; <ets>ad + pellere</ets> to drive. See <er>Pulse</er>, and cf. <er>Peal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To make application for the removal of (a cause) from an inferior to a superior judge or court for a rehearing or review on account of alleged injustice or illegality in the trial below. We say, the cause <i>was appealed</i> from an inferior court.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To charge with a crime; to accuse; to institute a private criminal prosecution against for some heinous crime; <as>as, to <ex>appeal</ex> a person of felony</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To summon; to challenge.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Man to man will I <b>appeal</b> the Norman to the lists.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To invoke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Appeal</h1>
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<hw>Ap*peal"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To apply for the removal of a cause from an inferior to a superior judge or court for the purpose of re\'89xamination of for decision.</def>

<i>Tomlins.</i>

<blockquote>I <b>appeal</b> unto C\'91sar.
<i>Acts xxv. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To call upon another to decide a question controverted, to corroborate a statement, to vindicate one's rights, etc.; <as>as, I <ex>appeal</ex> to all mankind for the truth of what is alleged</as>. Hence: To call on one for aid; to make earnest request.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>appeal</b> to the Scriptures in the original.
<i>Horsley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>appealed</b> to the sword.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appeal</h1>
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<hw>Ap*peal"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>appel</ets>, <ets>apel</ets>, OF. <ets>apel</ets>, F. <ets>appel</ets>, fr. <ets>appeler</ets>. See <er>Appeal</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An application for the removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior judge or court for re\'89xamination or review.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The mode of proceeding by which such removal is effected.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The right of appeal.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>An accusation; a process which formerly might be instituted by one private person against another for some heinous crime demanding punishment for the particular injury suffered, rather than for the offense against the public.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>An accusation of a felon at common law by one of his accomplices, which accomplice was then called an <i>approver</i>. See <er>Approvement</er>.</def>

<i>Tomlins.</i>  <i>Bouvier.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A summons to answer to a charge.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A call upon a person or an authority for proof or decision, in one's favor; reference to another as witness; a call for help or a favor; entreaty.</def>

<blockquote>A kind of <b>appeal</b> to the Deity, the author of wonders.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Resort to physical means; recourse.</def>

<blockquote>Every milder method is to be tried, before a nation makes an <b>appeal</b> to arms.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appealable</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*peal"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being appealed against; that may be removed to a higher tribunal for decision; <as>as, the cause is <ex>appealable</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That may be accused or called to answer by appeal; <as>as, a criminal is <ex>appealable</ex> for manslaughter</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Appealant</h1>
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<hw>Ap*peal"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An appellant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Appealer</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*peal"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes an appeal.</def>

<h1>Appealing</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*peal"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That appeals; imploring. -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*peal"*ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ap*peal"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Appear</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*pear"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appeared</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>apperen</ets>, <ets>aperen</ets>, OF. <ets>aparoir</ets>, F. <ets>apparoir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>appar<?/re</ets> to appear + <ets>par<?/re</ets>to come forth, to be visible; prob. from the same root as <ets>par<?/re</ets> to produce. Cf. <er>Apparent</er>, <er>Parent</er>, <er>Peer</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come or be in sight; to be in view; to become visible.</def>

<blockquote>And God . . . said, Let . . . the dry land <b>appear</b>.
<i>Gen. i. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come before the public; <as>as, a great writer <ex>appeared</ex> at that time</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To stand in presence of some authority, tribunal, or superior person, to answer a charge, plead a cause, or the like; to present one's self as a party or advocate before a court, or as a person to be tried.</def>

<blockquote>We must all <b>appear</b> before the judgment seat.
<i>\'b5 Cor. v. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>One ruffian escaped because no prosecutor dared to <b>appear</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To become visible to the apprehension of the mind; to be known as a subject of observation or comprehension, or as a thing proved; to be obvious or manifest.</def>

<blockquote>It doth not yet <b>appear</b> what we shall be.
<i>1 John iii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Of their vain contest <b>appeared</b> no end.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To seem; to have a certain semblance; to look.</def>

<blockquote>They disfigure their faces, that they may <b>appear</b> unto men to fast.
<i>Matt. vi. 16.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To seem; look. See <er>Seem</er>.</syn>

<h1>Appear</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*pear"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Appearance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Appearance</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*pear"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>apparence</ets>, L. <ets>apparentia</ets>, fr. <ets>apparere</ets>. See <er>Appear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of appearing or coming into sight; the act of becoming visible to the eye; <as>as, his sudden <ex>appearance</ex> surprised me</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thing seed; a phenomenon; a phase; an apparition; <as>as, an <ex>appearance</ex> in the sky</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Personal presence; exhibition of the person; look; aspect; mien.</def>

<blockquote>And now am come to see . . .
It thy <b>appearance</b> answer loud report.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Semblance, or apparent likeness; external show. <pluf>pl.</pluf> Outward signs, or circumstances, fitted to make a particular impression or to determine the judgment as to the character of a person or a thing, an act or a state; <as>as, <ex>appearances</ex> are against him</as>.</def>

<blockquote> There was upon the tabernacle, as it were, the <b>appearance</b> of fire.
<i>Num. ix. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For man looketh on the outward <b>appearance</b>.
<i>1 Sam. xvi. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Judge not according to the <b>appearance</b>.
<i>John. vii. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The act of appearing in a particular place, or in society, a company, or any proceedings; a coming before the public in a particular character; <as>as, a person makes his <ex>appearance</ex> as an historian, an artist, or an orator</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Will he now retire,
After <b>appearance</b>, and again prolong
Our expectation?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Probability; likelihood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There is that which hath no <b>appearance</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The coming into court of either of the parties; the being present in court; the coming into court of a party summoned in an action, either by himself or by his attorney, expressed by a formal entry by the proper officer to that effect; the act or proceeding by which a party proceeded against places himself before the court, and submits to its jurisdiction.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>  <i>Bouvier</i>. <i>Daniell.</i>

<cs><col>To put in an appearance</col>, <cd>to be present; to appear in person.</cd> -- <col>To save appearances</col>, <cd>to preserve a fair outward show.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Coming; arrival; presence; semblance; pretense; air; look; manner; mien; figure; aspect.</syn>

<h1>Appearer</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*pear"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who appears.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Appearingly</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*pear"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Apparently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Appeasable</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*peas"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being appeased or pacified; placable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*peas"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Appease</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*pease"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appealed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appeasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>apesen</ets>, <ets>apaisen</ets>, OF. <ets>apaisier</ets>, <ets>apaissier</ets>, F. <ets>apaiser</ets>, fr. <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>pais</ets> peace, F. <ets>paix</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pax</ets>, <ets>pacis</ets>. See <er>Peace</er>.]</ety> <def>To make quiet; to calm; to reduce to a state of peace; to still; to pacify; to dispel (anger or hatred); <as>as, to <ex>appease</ex> the tumult of the ocean, or of the passions; to <ex>appease</ex> hunger or thirst.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To pacify; quiet; conciliate; propitiate; assuage; compose; calm; allay; hush; soothe; tranquilize.</syn>

<h1>Appeasement</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*pease"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of appeasing, or the state of being appeased; pacification.</def>

<i>Hayward.</i>

<h1>Appeaser</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*peas"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who appeases; a pacifier.</def>

<h1>Appeasive</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*pea"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to appease.</def>

<h1>Appellable</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*pel"la*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Appealable.</def>

<h1>Appellancy</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*pel"lan*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capability of appeal.</def>

<h1>Appellant</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*pel"lant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appellans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>appellare</ets>; cf. F. <ets>appelant</ets>. See <er>Appeal</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to an appeal; appellate.</def> "An <i>appellant</i> jurisdiction."

<i>Hallam.</i>

<cs><col>Party appellant</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the party who appeals; appellant; -- opposed to <i>respondent<i>, or <i>appellee<i>.</cd></cs>

<i>Tomlins.</i>

<h1>Appellant</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*pel"lant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who accuses another of felony or treason.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who appeals, or asks for a rehearing or review of a cause by a higher tribunal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A challenger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who appealed to a general council against the bull Unigenitus.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who appeals or entreats.</def>

<h1>Appellate</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*pel"late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appelatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>appellare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or taking cognizance of, appeals.</def>  "<i>Appellate</i> jurisdiction." <i>Blackstone</i>. "<i>Appellate</i> judges."

<i>Burke.</i>

<cs><col>Appelate court</col>, <cd>a court having cognizance of appeals.</cd></cs>

<h1>Appellate</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*pel"late</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person or prosecuted for a crime. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Appellee</er>.</def>

<h1>Appellation</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap`pel*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appellatio</ets>, fr. <ets>appellare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>appellation</ets>. See <er>Appeal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of appealing; appeal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of calling by a name.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The word by which a particular person or thing is called and known; name; title; designation.</def>

<blockquote>They must institute some persons under the <b>appellation</b> of magistrates.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Name</er>.</syn>

<h1>Appellative</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*pel"la*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appellativus</ets>, fr. <ets>appellare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>appelatif</ets>. See <er>Appeal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to a common name; serving as a distinctive denomination; denominative; naming.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(gram.)</fld> <def>Common, as opposed to <i>proper</i>; denominative of a class.</def>

<h1>Appellative</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*pel"la*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appelativum</ets>, sc. <ets>nomen</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A common name, distinction from a proper name. A common name, or <i>appellative</i>, stands for a whole class, genus, or species of beings, or for universal ideas. Thus, <i>tree</i> is the name of all plants of a particular class; <i>plant</i> and <i>vegetable</i> are names of things that grow out of the earth. A proper name, on the other hand, stands for a single thing; <as>as, <ex>Rome</ex>, <ex>Washington</ex>, <ex>Lake Erie</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An appellation or title; a descriptive name.</def>

<blockquote>God chosen it for one of his <b>appellatives</b> to be the Defender of them.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appellatively</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*pel"la*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>After the manner of nouns appellative; in a manner to express whole classes or species; <as>as, Hercules is sometimes used <ex>appellatively</ex>, that is, as a common name, to signify a strong man</as>.</def>

<h1>Appellativeness</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*pel"la*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being appellative.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Appellatory</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap*pel"la*tory</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appellatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>appellare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing an appeal.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>appellatory</b> libel ought to contain the name of the party appellant.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appellee</h1>
<Xpage=71>

<hw>Ap`pel*lee"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>appel\'82</ets>, p. p. of <ets>appeler</ets>, fr. L. <ets>appellare</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The defendant in an appeal; -- opposed to <contr>appellant</contr>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The person who is appealed against, or accused of crime; -- opposed to <contr>appellor</contr>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<-- p. 72  -->

<h1>Appellor</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap`pel*lor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>apeleur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>appellator</ets>, fr. <ets>appellare</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The person who institutes an appeal, or prosecutes another for a crime.</def> <i>Blackstone</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who confesses a felony committed and accuses his accomplices.</def>

<i>Blount. Burrill.</i>

<note>&hand; This word is rarely or never used for the plaintiff in appeal from a lower court, who is called the <i>appellant</i>.  <i>Appellee</i> is opposed both to <i>appellant</i> and <i>appellor</i>.</note>

<h1>Appenage</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap"pen*age</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Appanage</er>.</def>

<h1>Append</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap*pend"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>appendere</ets> or F. <ets>appendre</ets>: cf. OE. <ets>appenden</ets>, <ets>apenden</ets>, to belong, OF. <ets>apendre</ets>, F. <ets>appendre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>append<?/re</ets>, v. i., to hang to, <ets>append<?/re</ets>, v. t., to hang to; <ets>ad + pend<?/re</ets>, v. i., to hang, <ets>pend<?/re</ets>, v. t., to hang. See <er>Pendant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hang or attach to, as by a string, so that the thing is suspended; <as>as, a seal <ex>appended</ex> to a record; the inscription was <ex>appended</ex> to the column.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To add, as an accessory to the principal thing; to annex; <as>as, notes <ex>appended</ex> to this chapter</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A further purpose <b>appended</b> to the primary one.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appendage</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap*pend"age</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something appended to, or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it, as a portico to a house.</def>

<blockquote>Modesty is the <b>appendage</b> of sobriety.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A subordinate or subsidiary part or organ; an external organ or limb, esp. of the articulates.</def>

<blockquote>Antenn\'91 and other <b>appendages</b> used for feeling.
<i>Carpenter.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Addition; adjunct; concomitant.</syn>

<h1>Appendaged</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap*pend"aged</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with, or supplemented by, an appendage.</def>

<h1>Appendance</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap*pend"ance</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Something appendant.</def>

<h1>Appendant</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap*pend"ant</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>appendant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>appendre</ets>. See <er>Append</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hanging; annexed; adjunct; concomitant; <as>as, a seal <ex>appendant</ex> to a paper</as>.</def>

<blockquote>As they have transmitted the benefit to us, it is but reasonable we should suffer the <b>appendant</b> calamity.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Appended by prescription, that is, a personal usage for a considerable time; -- said of a thing of inheritance belonging to another inheritance which is superior or more worthy; <as>as, an advowson, common, etc.</as> , which may be <i>appendant</i> to a manor, common of fishing to a freehold, a seat in church to a house.</def>

<i>Wharton. Coke.</i>

<h1>Appendant</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap*pend"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything attached to another as incidental or subordinate to it.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A inheritance annexed by prescription to a superior inheritance.</def>

<h1>Appendence, Appendency</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw><hw>Ap*pend"ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap*pend"en*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being appendant; appendance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Appendical</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap*pend"i*cal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or like an appendix.</def>

<h1>Appendicate</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap*pend"i*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To append.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Appendication</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap*pend`i*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An appendage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Appendicitis</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap*pend`i*ci"tis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the vermiform appendix.</def>

<h1>Appendicle</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap*pend"i*cle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appendicula</ets>, dim. of. <ets>appendix</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small appendage.</def>

<h1>Appendicular</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap`pen*dic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to an appendicle; appendiculate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Appendicularia</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap`pen*dic`u*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small free-swimming Tunicata, shaped somewhat like a tadpole, and remarkable for resemblances to the larv\'91 of other Tunicata. It is the type of the order Copelata or Larvalia. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Appendiculata</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap`pen*dic`u*la"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of annelids; the Polych&ae;ta.</def>

<h1>Appendiculate</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap`pen*dic"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Appendicle</er>.]</ety> <def>Having small appendages; forming an appendage.</def>

<cs><col>Appendiculate leaf</col>, <cd>a small appended leaf.</cd></cs>

<i>Withering.</i>

<h1>Appendix</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap*pen"dix</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Appendixes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Appendices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>(#). <ety>[L. <ets>appendix</ets>, -<ets>dicis</ets>, fr. <ets>appendere</ets>. See <er>Append</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something appended or added; an appendage, adjunct, or concomitant.</def>

<blockquote>Normandy became an <b>appendix</b> to England.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any literary matter added to a book, but not necessarily essential to its completeness, and thus distinguished from <i>supplement</i>, which is intended to supply deficiencies and correct inaccuracies.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Supplement</er>.</syn>

<h1>Appension</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap*pen"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of appending.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Apperceive</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap`per*ceive"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>apercevoir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + percipere</ets>, <ets>perceptum</ets>, to perceive. See <er>Perceive</er>.]</ety> <def>To perceive; to comprehend.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Apperception</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap`per*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>perception</ets>: cf. F. <ets>apperception</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The mind's perception of itself as the subject or actor in its own states; perception that reflects upon itself; sometimes, intensified or energetic perception.</def>

<i>Leibnitz. Reid.</i>

<blockquote>This feeling has been called by philosophers the <b>apperception</b> or consciousness of our own existence.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apperil</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap*per"il</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Peril.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Appertain</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap`per*tain"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appertained</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appertaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>apperteinen</ets>, <ets>apertenen</ets>, OF. <ets>apartenir</ets>, F. <ets>appartenir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>appertinere</ets>; <ets>ad + pertinere</ets> to reach to, belong. See <er>Pertain</er>.]</ety> <def>To belong or pertain, whether by right, nature, appointment, or custom; to relate.</def>

<blockquote>Things <b>appertaining</b> to this life.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Give it unto him to whom it <b>appertaineth</b>.
<i>Lev. vi. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appertainment</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap`per*tain"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which appertains to a person; an appurtenance.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Appertinance, Appertinence</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw><hw>Ap*per"ti*nance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap*per"ti*nence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Appurtenance</er>.</def>

<h1>Appertinent</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap*per"ti*nent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging; appertaining.</def> <altsp>[Now usually written <asp>appurtenant</asp>.]</altsp>

<i> Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Appertinent</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap*per"ti*nent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which belongs to something else; an appurtenant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Appete</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap*pete"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appetere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>app\'82ter</ets>. See <er>Appetite</er>.]</ety> <def>To seek for; to desire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Appetence</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap"pe*tence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>app\'82tence</ets>. See <er>Appetency</er>.]</ety> <def>A longing; a desire; especially an ardent desire; appetite; appetency.</def>

<h1>Appetency</h1>
<Xpage=72>

<hw>Ap"pe*ten*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Appetencies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>appetentia</ets>, fr. <ets>appetere</ets> to strive after, long for. See <er>Appetite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fixed and strong desire; esp. natural desire; a craving; an eager appetite.</def>

<blockquote>They had a strong <b>appetency</b> for reading.
<i>Merivale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: An instinctive inclination or propensity in animals to perform certain actions, as in the young to suck, in aquatic fowls to enter into water and to swim; the tendency of an organized body to seek what satisfies the wants of its organism.</def>

<blockquote>These lacteals have mouths, and by animal selection or <b>appetency</b> the absorb such part of the fluid as is agreeable to their palate.
<i>E. Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Natural tendency; affinity; attraction; -- used of inanimate objects.</def>

<h1>Appetent</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pe*tent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appetens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>appetere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Desiring; eagerly desirous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Appetent</b> after glory and renown.
<i>Sir G. Buck.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appetibility</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pe*ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>app\'82tibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being desirable.</def>

<i>Bramhall.</i>

<h1>Appetible</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pe*ti*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appetibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>appetere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>app\'82tible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Desirable; capable or worthy of being the object of desire.</def>

<i>Bramhall.</i>

<h1>Appetite</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pe*tite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>appetit</ets>, F. <ets>app\'82tit</ets>, fr. L. <ets>appetitus</ets>, fr. <ets>appetere</ets> to strive after, long for; <ets>ad + petere</ets> to seek. See <er>Petition</er>, and cf. <er>Appetence</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The desire for some personal gratification, either of the body or of the mind.</def>

<blockquote>The object of <b>appetite</b> it whatsoever sensible good may be wished for; the object of will is that good which reason does lead us to seek.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Desire for, or relish of, food or drink; hunger.</def>

<blockquote>Men must have <b>appetite</b> before they will eat.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any strong desire; an eagerness or longing.</def>

<blockquote>It God had given to eagles an <b>appetite</b> to swim.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To gratify the vulgar <b>appetite</b> for the marvelous.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Tendency; appetency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In all bodies there as an <b>appetite</b> of union.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The thing desired.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Power being the natural <b>appetite</b> of princes.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In old authors, <i>appetite</i> is followed by <i>to</i> or <i>of</i>, but regularly it should be followed by <i>for</i> before the object; as, an <i>appetite</i> for pleasure.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Craving; longing; desire; appetency; passion.</syn>

<h1>Appetition</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pe*ti"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appetitio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>app\'82tition</ets>.]</ety> <def>Desire; a longing for, or seeking after, something.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Appetitive</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pe*ti"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>app\'82titif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of desiring gratification; <as>as, <ex>appetitive</ex> power or faculty</as>.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Appetize</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pe*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make hungry; to whet the appetite of.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Appetizer</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pe*ti`zer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something which creates or whets an appetite.</def>

<h1>Appetizing</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pe*ti`zing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>app\'82tissant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Exciting appetite; <as>as, <ex>appetizing</ex> food</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The appearance of the wild ducks is very <b>appetizing</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appetizing</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pe*ti`zing</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to excite appetite.</def>

<h1>Appian</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Appius</ets>, <ets>Appianus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Appius.</def>

<cs><col>Appian Way</col>, <cd>the great paved highway from ancient Rome trough Capua to Brundisium, now Brindisi, constructed partly by <ets>Appius<ets> Claudius, about 312 <sc>b.  c.</sc></cd></cs>

<h1>Applaud</h1>
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<hw>Ap*plaud"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Applauded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Applauding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>applaudere</ets>; <ets>ad + plaudere</ets> to clash, to clap the hands: cf. F. <ets>applaudir</ets>. Cf. <er>Explode</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To show approval of by clapping the hands, acclamation, or other significant sign.</def>

<blockquote>I would <b>applaud</b> thee to the very echo,
That should <b>applaud</b> again.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To praise by words; to express approbation of; to commend; to approve.</def>

<blockquote>By the gods, I do <b>applaud</b> his courage.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To praise; extol; commend; cry up; magnify; approve. See <er>Praise</er>.</syn>

<h1>Applaud</h1>
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<hw>Ap*plaud"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To express approbation loudly or significantly.</def>

<h1>Applauder</h1>
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<hw>Ap*plaud"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who applauds.</def>

<h1>Applausable</h1>
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<hw>Ap*plaus"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worthy pf applause; praiseworthy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Applause</h1>
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<hw>Ap*plause"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>applaudere</ets>, <ets>app<?/ausum</ets>. See <er>Applaud</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of applauding; approbation and praise publicly expressed by clapping the hands, stamping or tapping with the feet, acclamation, huzzas, or other means; marked commendation.</def>

<blockquote>The brave man seeks not popular <b>applause</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Acclaim; acclamation; plaudit; commendation; approval.</syn>

<h1>Applausive</h1>
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<hw>Ap*plau"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>applausivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expressing applause; approbative.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*plau"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Apple</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ple</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>appel</ets>, <ets>eppel</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91ppel</ets>, <ets>\'91pl</ets>; akin to Fries. & D. <ets>appel</ets>, OHG, <ets>aphul</ets>, <ets>aphol</ets>, G. <ets>apfel</ets>, Icel. <ets>epli</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'84ple</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'91ble</ets>, Gael. <ets>ubhall</ets>, W. <ets>afal</ets>, Arm. <ets>aval</ets>, Lith. <ets>ob<?/lys</ets>, Russ. <ets>iabloko</ets>; of unknown origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fleshy pome or fruit of a rosaceous tree <spn>(Pyrus malus)</spn> cultivated in numberless varieties in the temperate zones.</def>

<note>&hand; The European crab apple is supposed to be the original kind, from which all others have sprung.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>Any tree genus <spn>Pyrus</spn> which has the stalk sunken into the base of the fruit; an apple tree.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any fruit or other vegetable production resembling, or supposed to resemble, the apple; <as>as, <ex>apple</ex> of love, or love <ex>apple</ex> (a tomato), balsam <ex>apple</ex>, egg <ex>apple</ex>, oak <ex>apple</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything round like an apple; <as>as, an <ex>apple</ex> of gold</as>.</def>

<note><i>Apple</i> is used either adjectively or in combination; as, <i>apple</i> paper or <i>apple</i>-paper, <i>apple</i>-shaped, <i>apple</i> blossom, <i>apple</i> dumpling, <i>apple</i> pudding.</note>

<cs><col>Apple blight</col>, <cd>an aphid which injures apple trees. See <er>Blight</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Apple borer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a coleopterous insect <spn>(Saperda candida or bivittata)</spn>, the larva of which bores into the trunk of the apple tree and pear tree.</cd> -- <col>Apple brandy</col>, <cd>brandy made from apples.</cd> -- <col>Apple butter</col>, <cd>a sauce made of apples stewed down in cider.</cd> <i>Bartlett</i>. -- <col>Apple corer</col>, <cd>an instrument for removing the cores from apples.</cd> -- <col>Apple fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any dipterous insect, the larva of which burrows in apples. Apple flies belong to the genera <spn>Drosophila</spn> and <spn>Trypeta</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Apple midge</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>a small dipterous insect <spn>(Sciara mali)</spn>, the larva of which bores in apples.</cd> -- <col>Apple of the eye</col>, <cd>the pupil.</cd> -- <col>Apple of discord</col>, <cd>a subject of contention and envy, so called from the mythological golden apple, inscribed "For the fairest," which was thrown into an assembly of the gods by Eris, the goddess of discord. It was contended for by Juno, Minerva, and Venus, and was adjudged to the latter.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Apple of love</col>, or <col>Love apple</col></mcol>, <cd>the tomato <spn>(Lycopersicum esculentum)</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Apple of Peru</col>, <cd>a large coarse herb <spn>(Nicandra physaloides)</spn> bearing pale blue flowers, and a bladderlike fruit inclosing a dry berry.</cd> -- <col>Apples of Sodom</col>, <cd>a fruit described by ancient writers as externally of air appearance but dissolving into smoke and ashes plucked; Dead Sea apples. The name is often given to the fruit of <spn>Solanum Sodom\'91um</spn>, a prickly shrub with fruit not unlike a small yellow tomato.</cd> -- <col>Apple sauce</col>, <cd>stewed apples.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>Apple snail</col> or <col>Apple shell</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fresh-water, operculated, spiral shell of the genus <spn>Ampullaria</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Apple tart</col>, <cd>a tart containing apples.</cd> -- <col>Apple tree</col>, <cd>a tree naturally bears apples. See <er>Apple, 2.</er></cd> -- <col>Apple wine</col>, <cd>cider.</cd> -- <col>Apple worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of a small moth <spn>(Carpocapsa pomonella)</spn> which burrows in the interior of apples. See <er>Codling moth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dead Sea Apple</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <plu>pl</plu>. <cd>Apples of Sodom. Also <i>Fig<i>.</cd>  "To seek the <i>Dead Sea apples<i> of politics." <i>S. B. Griffin</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A kind of gallnut coming from Arabia. See <er>Gallnut</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Apple</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ple</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow like an apple; to bear apples.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Apple-faced</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ple-faced`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a round, broad face, like an apple.</def> "<i>Apple-faced</i> children."

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Apple-jack</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ple-jack`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Apple brandy.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Apple-john</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ple-john`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>. <def>A kind of apple which by keeping becomes much withered; -- called also <altname>Johnapple</altname>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Apple pie</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ple pie`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A pie made of apples (usually sliced or stewed) with spice and sugar.</def>

<cs><col>Apple-pie bed</col>, <cd>a bed in which, as a joke, the sheets are so doubled (like the cover of an apple turnover) as to prevent any one from getting at his length between them. <i>Halliwell</i>, <i>Conybeare</i>.</cd> -- <col>Apple-pie order</col>, <cd>perfect order or arrangement.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <i>Halliwell</i>.</cs>

<h1>Apple-squire</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ple-squire`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pimp; a kept gallant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Appliable</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pli"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Apply</er>.]</ety> <def>Applicable; also, compliant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Appliance</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pli"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of applying; application; <mark>[Obs.]</mark> subservience.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thing applied or used as a means to an end; an apparatus or device; <as>as, to use various <ex>appliances</ex>; a mechanical <ex>appliance</ex>; a machine with its <ex>appliances</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Applicability</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pli*ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being applicable or fit to be applied.</def>

<h1>Applicable</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pli*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aplicable</ets>, fr. L. <ets>applicare</ets>. See <er>Apply</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance; <as>as, this observation is <ex>applicable</ex> to the case under consideration</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ap"pli*ca*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Ap"pli*ca*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Applicancy</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pli*can*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being applicable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Applicant</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pli*cant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>applicans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>applicare</ets>. See <er>Apply</er>.]</ety> <def>One who apples for something; one who makes request; a petitioner.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>applicant</b> for a cup of water.
<i>Plumtre.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The court require the <b>applicant</b> to appear in person.
<i>Z. Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Applicate</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pli*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>applicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>applicare</ets>.  See <er>Apply</er>.]</ety> <def>Applied or put to some use.</def>

<blockquote>Those <b>applicate</b> sciences which extend the power of man over the elements.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Applicate number</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>one which applied to some concrete case.</cd> -- <col>Applicate ordinate</col>, <cd>right line applied at right angles to the axis of any conic section, and bounded by the curve.</cd></cs>

<h1>Applicate</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pli*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To apply.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The act of faith is <b>applicated</b> to the object.
<i>Bp. Pearson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Application</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pli*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>applicatio</ets>, fr. <ets>applicare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>application</ets>. See <er>Apply</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of applying or laying on, in a literal sense; <as>as, the <ex>application</ex> of emollients to a diseased limb</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thing applied.</def>

<blockquote>He invented a new <b>application</b> by which blood might be stanched.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of applying as a means; the employment of means to accomplish an end; specific use.</def>

<blockquote>If a right course . . . be taken with children, there will not be much need of the <b>application</b> of the common rewards and punishments.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of directing or referring something to a particular case, to discover or illustrate agreement or disagreement, fitness, or correspondence; <as>as, I make the remark, and leave you to make the <ex>application</ex>; the <ex>application</ex> of a theory.</as></def>

<-- p. 73  -->

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Hence, in specific uses: <sd>(a)</sd> That part of a sermon or discourse in which the principles before laid down and illustrated are applied to practical uses; the "moral" of a fable. <sd>(b)</sd> The use of the principles of one science for the purpose of enlarging or perfecting another; <as>as, the <ex>application</ex> of algebra to geometry</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The capacity of being practically applied or used; relevancy; <as>as, a rule of general <ex>application</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The act of fixing the mind or closely applying one's self; assiduous effort; close attention; <as>as, to injure the health by <ex>application</ex> to study</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Had his <b>application</b> been equal to his talents, his progress night have been greater.
<i>J. Jay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The act of making request of soliciting; <as>as, an <ex>application</ex> for an office; he made <ex>application</ex> to a court of chancery.</as></def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A request; a document containing a request; <as>as, his <ex>application</ex> was placed on file</as>.</def>

<h1>Applicative</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pli*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>applicatif</ets>, fr. L. <ets>applicare</ets>. See <er>Apply</er>.]</ety> <def>Having of being applied or used; applying; applicatory; practical.</def>  <i>Bramhall</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap"pli*ca*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Applicatorily</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pli*ca*to*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of application.</def>

<h1>Applicatory</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pli*ca*to*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the property of applying; applicative; practical.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>That which applies.</def></def2>

<h1>Appliedly</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pli"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By application.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Applier</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pli"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>He who, or that which, applies.</def>

<h1>Appliment</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pli"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Application.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston</i>

<h1>Appliqu\'82</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pli`qu\'82"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>appliquer</ets> to put on.]</ety> <def>Ornamented with a pattern (which has been cut out of another color or stuff) <i>applied</i> or transferred to a foundation; <as>as, <ex>appliqu\'82</ex> lace; <ex>appliqu\'82</ex> work.</as></def>

<h1>Applot</h1>
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<hw>Ap*plot"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Applotted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Applotting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>plot</ets>.]</ety> <def>To divide into plots or parts; to apportion.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Applotment</h1>
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<hw>Ap*plot"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Apportionment.</def>

<h1>Apply</h1>
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<hw>Ap*ply"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Applied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Applying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>aplier</ets>, F. <ets>appliquer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>applicare</ets> to join, fix, or attach to; <ets>ad + plicare</ets> to fold, to twist together. See <er>Applicant</er>, <er>Ply</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay or place; to put or adjust (one thing <i>to</i> another); -- with <i>to</i>; <as>as, to <ex>apply</ex> the hand to the breast; to <ex>apply</ex> medicaments to a diseased part of the body.</as></def>

<blockquote>He said, and the sword his throat <b>applied</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put to use; to use or employ for a particular purpose, or in a particular case; to appropriate; to devote; <as>as, to <ex>apply</ex> money to the payment of a debt</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make use of, declare, or pronounce, as suitable, fitting, or relative; <as>as, to <ex>apply</ex> the testimony to the case; to <ex>apply</ex> an epithet to a person.</as></def>

<blockquote>Yet God at last
To Satan, first in sin, his doom <b>applied</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To fix closely; to engage and employ diligently, or with attention; to attach; to incline.</def>

<blockquote><b>Apply</b> thine heart unto instruction.
<i>Prov. xxiii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To direct or address.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sacred vows . . . <b>applied</b> to grisly Pluto.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To betake; to address; to refer; -- used reflexively.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>applied</b> myself to him for help.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To busy; to keep at work; to ply.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She was skillful in <b>applying</b> his "humors."
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To visit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And he <b>applied</b> each place so fast.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Applied chemistry</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chemistry</er>.</cd> -- <col>Applied mathematics</col>. <cd>See under <er>Mathematics</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Apply</h1>
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<hw>Ap*ply"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To suit; to agree; to have some connection, agreement, or analogy; <as>as, this argument <ex>applies</ex> well to the case</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make request; to have recourse with a view to gain something; to make application. (<i>to</i>); to solicit; <as>as, to <ex>apply</ex> to a friend for information</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To ply; to move.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I heard the sound of an oar <b>applying</b> swiftly through the water.
<i>T. Moore.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To apply or address one's self; to give application; to attend closely (<i>to</i>).</def>

<h1>Appoggiatura</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pog`gia*tu"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. <ets>appogiarre</ets> to lean, to rest; <ets>ap-</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>poggiare</ets> to mount, ascend, <ets>poggio</ets> hill, fr. L. <ets>podium</ets> an elevated place.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A passing tone preceding an essential tone, and borrowing the time it occupies from that; a short auxiliary or grace note one degree above or below the principal note unless it be of the same harmony; -- generally indicated by a note of smaller size, as in the illustration above. It forms no essential part of the harmony.</def>

<h1>Appoint</h1>
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<hw>Ap*point"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appointed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appointing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>appointen</ets>, <ets>apointen</ets>, OF. <ets>apointier</ets> to prepare, arrange, lean, place, F. <ets>appointer</ets> to give a salary, refer a cause, fr. LL. <ets>appunctare</ets> to bring back to the point, restore, to fix the point in a controversy, or the points in an agreement; L. <ets>ad + punctum</ets> a point. See <er>Point</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fix with power or firmness; to establish; to mark out.</def>

<blockquote>When he <b>appointed</b> the foundations of the earth.
<i>Prov. viii. 29.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fix by a decree, order, command, resolve, decision, or mutual agreement; to constitute; to ordain; to prescribe; to fix the time and place of.</def>

<blockquote>Thy servants are ready to do whatsoever my lord the king shall <b>appoint</b>.
<i>2 Sam. xv. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He hath <b>appointed</b> a day, in the which he will judge the world in righteousness.
<i>Acts xvii. 31.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Say that the emperor request a parley . . . and <b>appoint</b> the meeting.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To assign, designate, or set apart by authority.</def>

<blockquote>Aaron and his shall go in, and <b>appoint</b> them every one to his service.
<i>Num. iv. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These were cities <b>appointed</b> for all the children of Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among them.
<i>Josh. xx. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To furnish in all points; to provide with everything necessary by way of equipment; to equip; to fit out.</def>

<blockquote>The English, being well <b>appointed</b>, did so entertain them that their ships departed terribly torn.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To point at by way, or for the purpose, of censure or commendation; to arraign.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Appoint</b> not heavenly disposition.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To direct, designate, or limit; to make or direct a new disposition of, by virtue of a power contained in a conveyance; -- said of an estate already conveyed.</def>

<i>Burrill. Kent.</i>

<cs><col>To appoint one's self</col>, <cd>to resolve. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Crowley.</i>

<h1>Appoint</h1>
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<hw>Ap*point"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To ordain; to determine; to arrange.</def>

<blockquote>For the Lord had <b>appointed</b> to defeat the good counsel of Ahithoph<?/l.
<i>2 Sam. xvii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appointable</h1>
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<hw>Ap*point"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being appointed or constituted.</def>

<h1>Appointee</h1>
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<hw>Ap*point*ee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>appoint\'82</ets>, p. p. of <ets>appointer</ets>. See <er>Appoint</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person appointed.</def>

<blockquote>The commission authorizes them to make appointments, and pay the <b>appointees</b>.
<i>Circular of Mass. Representatives (1768).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(law)</fld> <def>A person in whose favor a power of appointment is executed.</def>

<i>Kent. Wharton.</i>

<h1>Appointer</h1>
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<hw>Ap*point"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who appoints, or executes a power of appointment.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Appointive</h1>
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<hw>Ap*point"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Subject to appointment; <as>as, an <ex>appointive</ex> office</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Appointment</h1>
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<hw>Ap*point"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>appointement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of appointing; designation of a person to hold an office or discharge a trust; <as>as, he erred by the <ex>appointment</ex> of unsuitable men</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being appointed to som<?/ service or office; an office to which one is appointed; station; position; an, the <i>appointment</i> of treasurer.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Stipulation; agreement; the act of fixing by mutual agreement. Hence:: Arrangement for a meeting; engagement; <as>as, they made an <ex>appointment</ex> to meet at six</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Decree; direction; established order or constitution; <as>as, to submit to the divine <ex>appointments</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>According to the <b>appointment</b> of the priests.
<i>Ezra vi. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The exercise of the power of designating (under a "power of appointment") a person to enjoy an estate or other specific property; also, the instrument by which the designation is made.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Equipment, furniture, as for a ship or an army; whatever is appointed for use and management; outfit; <plu>(pl.)</plu> the accouterments of military officers or soldiers, as belts, sashes, swords.</def>

<blockquote>The cavaliers emulated their chief in the richness of their <b>appointments</b>.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I'll prove it in my shackles, with these hands
Void of <b>appoinment</b>, that thou liest.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>An allowance to a person, esp. to a public officer; a perquisite; -- properly only in the plural.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>An expense proportioned to his <b>appointments</b> and fortune is necessary.
<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A honorary part or exercise, as an oration, etc., at a public exhibition of a college; <as>as, to have an <ex>appointment</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Designation; command; order; direction; establishment; equipment.</syn>

<h1>Appointor</h1>
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<hw>Ap*point*or"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person who selects the appointee. See <er>Appointee, 2.</er></def>

<h1>Apporter</h1>
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<hw>Ap*por"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>apporter</ets> to bring in, fr. L. <ets>apportare</ets>; <ets>ad + portare</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>A bringer in; an importer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Apportion</h1>
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<hw>Ap*por"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Apportioned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Apportioning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>apportionner</ets>, LL. <ets>apportionare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + portio</ets>. See <er>Portion</er>.]</ety> <def>To divide and assign in just proportion; to divide and distribute proportionally; to portion out; to allot; <as>as, to <ex>apportion</ex> undivided rights; to <ex>apportion</ex> time among various employments.</as></def>

<h1>Apportionateness</h1>
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<hw>Ap*por"tion*ate*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being apportioned or in proportion.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<h1>Apportioner</h1>
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<hw>Ap*por"tion*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who apportions.</def>

<h1>Apportionment</h1>
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<hw>Ap*por"tion*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>apportionnement</ets>, LL. <ets>apportionamentum</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of apportioning; a dividing into just proportions or shares; a division or shares; a division and assignment, to each proprietor, of his just portion of an undivided right or property.</def>

<i>A. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Appose</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pose"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>apposer</ets> to set to; <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>poser</ets> to put, place. See <er>Pose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place opposite or before; to put or apply (one thing <i>to</i> another).</def>

<blockquote>The nymph herself did then <b>appose</b>,
For food and beverage, to him all best meat.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place in juxtaposition or proximity.</def>

<h1>Appose</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pose"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>oppose</ets>. See <er>Oppose</er>.]</ety> <def>To put questions to; to examine; to try. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Pose</er>.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>appose</b> him without any accuser, and that secretly.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apposed</h1>
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<hw>Ap*posed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Placed in apposition; mutually fitting, as the mandibles of a bird's beak.</def>

<h1>Apposer</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pos"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An examiner; one whose business is to put questions. Formerly, in the English Court of Exchequer, an officer who audited the sheriffs' accounts.</def>

<h1>Apposite</h1>
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<hw>Ap"po*site</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appositus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>apponere</ets> to set or put to; <ets>ad + ponere</ets> to put, place.]</ety> <def>Very applicable; well adapted; suitable or fit; relevant; pat; -- followed by <i>to</i>; <as>as, this argument is very <ex>apposite</ex> to the case</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ap"po*site*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ap"po*site*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Apposition</h1>
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<hw>Ap`po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appositio</ets>, fr. <ets>apponere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>apposition</ets>. See <er>Apposite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adding; application; accretion.</def>

<blockquote>It grows . . . by the <b>apposition</b> of new matter.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The putting of things in juxtaposition, or side by side; also, the condition of being so placed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The state of two nouns or pronouns, put in the same case, without a connecting word between them; <as>as, I admire Cicero, the orator</as>. Here, the second noun explains or characterizes the first.</def>

<cs><col>Growth by apposition</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>a mode of growth characteristic of non vascular tissues, in which nutritive matter from the blood is transformed on the surface of an organ into solid unorganized substance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Appositional</h1>
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<hw>Ap`po*si"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to apposition; put in apposition syntactically.</def>

<i>Ellicott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appositive</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pos"i*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to apposition; in apposition.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A noun in apposition.</def></def2> -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*pos"i*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote><b>Appositive</b> to the words going immediately before.
<i>Knatchbull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appraisable</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prais"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being appraised.</def>

<h1>Appraisal</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prais"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Appraise</er>. Cf. <er>Apprizal</er>.]</ety> <def>A valuation by an authorized person; an appraisement.</def>

<h1>Appraise</h1>
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<hw>Ap*praise"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appraised</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appraising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>praise</ets>. See <er>Praise</er>, <er>Price</er>, <er>Apprize</er>, <er>Appreciate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set a value; to estimate the worth of, particularly by persons appointed for the purpose; <as>as, to <ex>appraise</ex> goods and chattels</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To estimate; to conjecture.</def>

<blockquote>Enoch . . . <b>appraised</b> his weight.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To praise; to commend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. Browning.</i>

<blockquote><b>Appraised</b> the Lycian custom.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In the United States, this word is often pronounced, and sometimes written, <i>apprize</i>.</note>

<h1>Appraisement</h1>
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<hw>Ap*praise"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Appraise</er>. Cf. <er>Apprizement</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of setting the value; valuation by an appraiser; estimation of worth.</def>

<h1>Appraiser</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prais"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Appraise</er>, <er>Apprizer</er>.]</ety> <def>One who appraises; esp., a person appointed and sworn to estimate and fix the value of goods or estates.</def>

<h1>Apprecation</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pre*ca"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apprecari</ets> to pray to; <ets>ad + precari</ets> to pray, <ets>prex</ets>, <ets>precis</ets>, prayer.]</ety> <def>Earnest prayer; devout wish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A solemn <b>apprecation</b> of good success.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apprecatory</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pre*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Praying or wishing good.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>"<i>Apprecatory</i> benedictions."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Appreciable</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pre"ci*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>appr\'82ciable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being appreciated or estimated; large enough to be estimated; perceptible; <as>as, an <ex>appreciable</ex> quantity</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*pre"ci*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Appreciant</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pre"ci*ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Appreciative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Appreciate</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pre"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appreciated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appreciating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>appretiatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>appretiare</ets> to value at a price, appraise; <ets>ad + pretiare</ets> to prize, <ets>pretium</ets> price. Cf. <er>Appraise</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set a price or value on; to estimate justly; to value.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>appreciate</b> the motives of their enemies.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To raise the value of; to increase the market price of; -- opposed to <i>depreciate</i>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lest a sudden peace should <b>appreciate</b> the money.
<i>Ramsay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be sensible of; to distinguish.</def>

<blockquote>To test the power of b<?/<?/s to <b>appreciate</b> color.
<i>Lubbock.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Appreciate</er>, <er>Estimate</er>, <er>Esteem</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Estimate</i> is an act of judgment; <i>esteem</i> is an act of valuing or prizing, and when applied to individuals, denotes a sentiment of moral approbation. See <er>Estimate</er>. <i>Appreciate</i> lies between the two. As compared with <i>estimate</i>, it supposes a union of sensibility with judgment, producing a nice and delicate perception. As compared with <i>esteem</i>, it denotes a valuation of things according to their appropriate and distinctive excellence, and not simply their moral worth. Thus, with reference to the former of these (delicate perception), an able writer says. "Women have a truer <i>appreciation</i> of character than men;" and another remarks, "It is difficult to <i>appreciate</i> the true force and distinctive sense of terms which we are every day using." So, also, we speak of the difference between two things, as sometimes hardly <i>appreciable</i>.  With reference to the latter of these (that of valuation as the result of a nice perception), we say, "It requires a peculiar cast of character to <i>appreciate</i> the poetry of Wordsworth;" "He who has no delicacy himself, can not <i>appreciate</i> it in others;" "The thought of death is salutary, because it leads us to <i>appreciate</i> worldly things aright." <i>Appreciate</i> is much used in cases where something is in danger of being overlooked or undervalued; as when we speak of <i>appreciating</i> the difficulties of a subject, or the risk of an undertaking. So Lord Plunket, referring to an "ominous silence" which prevailed among the Irish peasantry, says, "If you knew now to <i>appreciate</i> that silence, it is more formidable than the most clamorous opposition." In like manner, a person who asks some favor of another is apt to say, "I trust you will <i>appreciate</i> my motives in this request." Here we have the key to a very frequent use of the word. It is hardly necessary to say that <i>appreciate</i> looks on the favorable side of things. we never speak of <i>appreciating</i> a man's faults, but his merits. This idea of regarding things favorably appears more fully in the word <i>appreciative</i>; as when we speak of an <i>appreciative</i> audience, or an <i>appreciative</i> review, meaning one that manifests a quick perception and a ready valuation of excellence.</usage>

<h1>Appreciate</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pre"ci*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To rise in value. [See note under <er>Rise</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</def>

<i>J. Morse.</i>

<h1>Appreciatingly</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pre"ci*a`ting*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an appreciating manner; with appreciation.</def>

<h1>Appreciation</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pre`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>appr\'82ciation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A just valuation or estimate of merit, worth, weight, etc.; recognition of excellence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Accurate perception; true estimation; <as>as, an <ex>appreciation</ex> of the difficulties before us; an <ex>appreciation</ex> of colors.</as></def>

<blockquote>His foreboding showed his <b>appreciation</b> of Henry's character.
<i>J. R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A rise in value; -- opposed to <i>depreciation</i>.</def>

<h1>Appreciative</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pre"ci*a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having or showing a just or ready appreciation or perception; <as>as, an <ex>appreciative</ex> audience</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*pre"ci*a*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Appreciativeness</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pre"ci*a*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being appreciative; quick recognition of excellence.</def>

<h1>Appreciator</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pre"ci*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who appreciates.</def>

<h1>Appreciatory</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pre"ci*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Showing appreciation; appreciative; <as>as, <ex>appreciatory</ex> commendation</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*pre"ci*a*to*ri*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<-- p. 74  -->

<h1>Apprehend</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pre*hend"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Apprehended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Apprehending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>apprehendere</ets>; <ets>ad + prehendere</ets> to lay hold of, seize; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>-hendere</ets> (used only in comp.); akin to Gr. <?/ to hold, contain, and E. <ets>get</ets>: cf. F. <ets>appr\'82hender</ets>. See <er>Prehensile</er>, <er>Get</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take or seize; to take hold of.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>We have two hands to <b>apprehended</b> it.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: To take or seize (a person) by legal process; to arrest; <as>as, to <ex>apprehend</ex> a criminal</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take hold of with the understanding, that is, to conceive in the mind; to become cognizant of; to understand; to recognize; to consider.</def>

<blockquote>This suspicion of Earl Reimund, though at first but a buzz, soon got a sting in the king's head, and he violently <b>apprehended</b> it.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The eternal laws, such as the heroic age <b>apprehended</b> them.
<i>Gladstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To know or learn with certainty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>G</b>. You are too much distrustful of my truth.
<b>E</b>. Then you must give me leave to <b>apprehend</b>
The means and manner how.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To anticipate; esp., to anticipate with anxiety, dread, or fear; to fear.</def>

<blockquote>The opposition had more reason than the king to <b>apprehend</b> violence.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To catch; seize; arrest; detain; capture; conceive; understand; imagine; believe; fear; dread.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Apprehend</er>, <er>Comprehend</er>. These words come into comparison as describing acts of the mind. <i>Apprehend</i> denotes the <i>laying hold</i> of a thing mentally, so as to understand it clearly, at least in part. <i>Comprehend</i> denotes the embracing or understanding it in all its compass and extent. We may <i>apprehended</i> many truths which we do not <i>comprehend</i>. The very idea of God supposes that he may be <i>apprehended</i>, though not <i>comprehended</i>, by rational beings. "We may <i>apprehended</i> much of Shakespeare's aim and intention in the character of Hamlet or King Lear; but few will claim that they have <i>comprehended</i> all that is embraced in these characters."</usage>

<i>Trench.</i>

<h1>Apprehend</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pre*hend"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To think, believe, or be of opinion; to understand; to suppose.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be apprehensive; to fear.</def>

<blockquote>It is worse to <b>apprehend</b> than to suffer.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apprehender</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pre*hend"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who apprehends.</def>

<h1>Apprehensibiity</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pre*hen`si*bi"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being apprehensible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Apprehensible</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pre*hen"si*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apprehensibilis</ets>. See <er>Apprehend</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being apprehended or conceived.</def>   "<i>Apprehensible</i> by faith." <i>Bp. Hall</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ap`*pre*hen"si*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Apprehension</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pre*hen"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apprehensio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>appr\'82hension</ets>. See <er>Apprehend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of seizing or taking hold of; seizure; <as>as, the hand is an organ of <ex>apprehension</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of seizing or taking by legal process; arrest; <as>as, the felon, after his <ex>apprehension</ex>, escaped</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of grasping with the intellect; the contemplation of things, without affirming, denying, or passing any judgment; intellection; perception.</def>

<blockquote>Simple <b>apprehension</b> denotes no more than the soul's naked intellection of an object.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Opinion; conception; sentiment; idea.</def>

<note>&hand; In this sense, the word often denotes a belief, founded on sufficient evidence to give preponderation to the mind, but insufficient to induce certainty; as, in our <i>apprehension</i>, the facts prove the issue.</note>

<blockquote>To false, and to be thought false, is all one in respect of men, who act not according to truth, but <b>apprehension</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The faculty by which ideas are conceived; understanding; <as>as, a man of dull <ex>apprehension</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Anticipation, mostly of things unfavorable; distrust or fear at the prospect of future evil.</def>

<blockquote>After the death of his nephew Caligula, Claudius was in no small <b>apprehension</b> for his own life.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Apprehension</er>, <er>Alarm</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Apprehension</i> springs from a sense of danger when somewhat remote, but approaching; <i>alarm</i> arises from danger when announced as near at hand. <i>Apprehension</i> is calmer and more permanent; <i>alarm</i> is more agitating and transient.</usage>

<h1>Apprehensive</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pre*hen"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>appr\'82hensif</ets>. See <er>Apprehend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of apprehending, or quick to do so; apt; discerning.</def>

<blockquote>It may be pardonable to imagine that a friend, a kind and <b>apprehensive</b> . . . friend, is listening to our talk.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Knowing; conscious; cognizant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A man that has spent his younger years in vanity and folly, and is, by the grace of God, <b>apprehensive</b> of it.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Relating to the faculty of apprehension.</def>

<blockquote>Judgment . . . is implied in every <b>apprehensive</b> act.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anticipative of something unfavorable' fearful of what may be coming; in dread of possible harm; in expectation of evil.</def>

<blockquote>Not at all <b>apprehensive</b> of evils as a distance.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Reformers . . . <b>apprehensive</b> for their lives.
<i>Gladstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Sensible; feeling; perceptive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thoughts, my tormentors, armed with deadly stings,
Mangle my <b>apprehensive</b>, tenderest parts.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apprehensively</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pre*hen"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an apprehensive manner; with apprehension of danger.</def>

<h1>Apprehensiveness</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pre*hen"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being apprehensive.</def>

<h1>Apprentice</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pren"tice</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>apprentice</ets>, <ets>prentice</ets>, OF. <ets>aprentis</ets>, nom. of <ets>aprentif</ets>, fr. <ets>apprendare</ets> to learn, L. <ets>apprendere</ets>, equiv. to <ets>apprehendere</ets>, to take hold of (by the mind), to comprehend. See <er>Apprehend</er>, <er>Prentice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is bound by indentures or by legal agreement to serve a mechanic, or other person, for a certain time, with a view to learn the art, or trade, in which his master is bound to instruct him.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One not well versed in a subject; a tyro.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Old law)</fld> <def>A barrister, considered a learner of law till of sixteen years' standing, when he might be called to the rank of serjeant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Apprentice</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pren"tice</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Apprenticed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Apprenticing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bind to, or put under the care of, a master, for the purpose of instruction in a trade or business.</def>

<h1>Apprenticeage</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pren"tice*age</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>apprentissage</ets>.]</ety> <def>Apprenticeship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Apprenticehood</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pren"tice*hood</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Apprenticeship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Apprenticeship</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pren"tice*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The service or condition of an apprentice; the state in which a person is gaining instruction in a trade or art, under legal agreement.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The time an apprentice is serving (sometimes seven years, as from the age of fourteen to twenty-one).</def>

<h1>Appressed, Apprest</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap*pressed"</hw>, <hw>Ap*prest"</hw><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[p. p. <ets>appress</ets>, which is not in use. See <er>Adpress</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pressed close to, or lying against, something for its whole length, as against a stem,</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Apprise</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prise"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Apprised</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Apprising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>appris</ets>, fem. <ets>apprise</ets>, p. p. <ets>apprendre</ets> to learn, to teach, to inform. Cf. <er>Apprehend</er>, <er>Apprentice</er>.]</ety> <def>To give notice, verbal or written; to inform; -- followed by <i>of</i>; <as>as, we will <ex>apprise</ex> the general of an intended attack; he <ex>apprised</ex> the commander of what he had done.</as></def>

<h1>Apprise</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prise"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Notice; information.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Apprizal</h1>
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<hw>Ap*priz"al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Appraisal</er>.</def>

<h1>Apprize</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prize"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[The same as <er>Appraise</er>, only more accommodated to the English form of the L. <ets>pretiare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To appraise; to value; to appreciate.</def>

<h1>Apprizement</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prize"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Appraisement.</def>

<h1>Apprizer</h1>
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<hw>Ap*priz"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An appraiser.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A creditor for whom an appraisal is made.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Approach</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proach"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Approached</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Approaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>approchen</ets>, <ets>aprochen</ets>, OF. <ets>approcher</ets>, LL. <ets>appropriare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + propiare</ets> to draw near, <ets>prope</ets> near.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come or go near, in place or time; to draw nigh; to advance nearer.</def>

<blockquote>Wherefore <b>approached</b> ye so nigh unto the city?
<i>2 Sam. xi. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But exhorting one another; and so much the more, as ye see the day <b>approaching</b>.
<i>Heb. x. 25.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw near, in a figurative sense; to make advances; to approximate; <as>as, he <ex>approaches</ex> to the character of the ablest statesman</as>.</def>

<h1>Approach</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proach"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring near; to cause to draw near; to advance.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come near to in place, time, or character; to draw nearer to; <as>as, to <ex>approach</ex> the city; to <ex>approach</ex> my cabin; he <ex>approached</ex> the age of manhood.</as></def>

<blockquote>He was an admirable poet, and thought even to have <b>approached</b> Homer.
<i>Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To take approaches to.</def>

<h1>Approach</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proach"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>approche</ets>. See <er>Approach</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of drawing near; a coming or advancing near.</def> "The <i>approach</i> of summer."

<i>Horsley.</i>

<blockquote>A nearer <b>approach</b> to the human type.
<i>Owen.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A access, or opportunity of drawing near.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>approach</b> to kings and principal persons.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Movements to gain favor; advances.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A way, passage, or avenue by which a place or buildings can be approached; an access.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The advanced works, trenches, or covered roads made by besiegers in their advances toward a fortress or military post.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>See <er>Approaching</er>.</def>

<h1>Approachability</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proach`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being approachable; approachableness.</def>

<h1>Approachable</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proach"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being approached; accessible; <as>as, <ex>approachable</ex> virtue</as>.</def>

<h1>Approachableness</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proach"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being approachable; accessibility.</def>

<h1>Approacher</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proach"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who approaches.</def>

<h1>Approaching</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proach"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>The act of ingrafting a sprig or shoot of one tree into another, without cutting it from the parent stock; -- called, also, <i>inarching</i> and <i>grafting by approach</i>.</def>

<h1>Approachless</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proach"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Impossible to be approached.</def>

<h1>Approachment</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proach"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>approachement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Approach.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Approbate</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pro*bate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>approbatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>approbare</ets> to approve.]</ety> <def>Approved.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Elyot.</i>

<h1>Approbate</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pro*bate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To express approbation of; to approve; to sanction officially.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>approbate</b> the one, I reprobate the other.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word is obsolete in England, but is occasionally heard in the United States, chiefly in a technical sense for <i>license</i>; as, a person is <i>approbated</i> to preach; <i>approbated</i> to keep a public house.</note>

<i>Pickering (1816).</i>

<h1>Approbation</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pro*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>approbatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>approbation</ets>. See <er>Approve</er> to prove.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Proof; attestation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of approving; an assenting to the propriety of a thing with some degree of pleasure or satisfaction; approval; sanction; commendation.</def>

<blockquote>Many . . . joined in a loud hum of <b>approbation</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The silent <b>approbation</b> of one's own breast.
<i>Melmoth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Animals . . . love <b>approbation</b> or praise.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Probation or novitiate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This day my sister should the cloister enter,
And there receive her <b>approbation</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Approval; liking; sanction; consent; concurrence.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Approbation</er>, <er>Approval</er>. <i>Approbation</i> and <i>approval</i> have the same general meaning, assenting to or declaring as good, sanction, commendation; but <i>approbation</i> is stronger and more positive. "We may be anxious for the <i>approbation</i> of our friends; but we should be still more anxious for the <i>approval</i> of our own consciences." "He who is desirous to obtain universal <i>approbation</i> will learn a good lesson from the fable of the old man and his ass." "The work has been examined by several excellent judges, who have expressed their unqualified <i>approval</i> of its plan and execution."</usage>

<h1>Approbative</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pro*ba*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>approbatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Approving, or implying approbation.</def>

<i>Milner.</i>

<h1>Approbativeness</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pro*ba*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being approbative.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>Love of approbation.</def>

<h1>Approbator</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pro*ba`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who approves.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Approbatory</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pro*ba`to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing or expressing approbation; commendatory.</def>

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<h1>Appromt</h1>
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<hw>Ap*promt"</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>promt</ets>.]</ety> <def>To quicken; to prompt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>appromt</b> our invention.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Approof</h1>
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<hw>Ap*proof"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Approve</er>, and <er>Proof</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Trial; proof.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Approval; commendation.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Appropinquate</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pro*pin"quate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appropinquatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>appropinquare</ets>; <ets>ad + prope</ets> near.]</ety> <def>To approach.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<h1>Appropinquation</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pro*pin*qua"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appropinquatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A drawing nigh; approach.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Appropinquity</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pro*pin"qui*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>propinquity</ets>.]</ety> <def>Nearness; propinquity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Gregory.</i>

<h1>Appropre</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pro"pre</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>appropren</ets>, <ets>apropren</ets>, OF. <ets>approprier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>appropriare</ets>. See <er>Appropriate</er>.]</ety> <def>To appropriate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Appropriable</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pro"pri*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Appropriate</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being appropriated, set apart, sequestered, or assigned exclusively to a particular use.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Appropriament</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pro"pri*a*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>What is peculiarly one's own; peculiar qualification.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If you can neglect
Your own <b>appropriaments</b>.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appropriate</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pro"pri*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appropriatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>appropriare</ets>; <ets>ad + propriare</ets> to appropriate, fr. <ets>proprius</ets> one's own, proper. See <er>Proper</er>.]</ety> <def>Set apart for a particular use or person. Hence: Belonging peculiarly; peculiar; suitable; fit; proper.</def>

<blockquote>In its strict and <b>appropriate</b> meaning.
<i>Porteus.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Appropriate</b> acts of divine worship.
<i>Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is not at all times easy to find words <b>appropriate</b> to express our ideas.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appropriate</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pro"pri*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Appropriated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Appropriating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take to one's self in exclusion of others; to claim or use as by an exclusive right; <as>as, let no man <ex>appropriate</ex> the use of a common benefit</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To set apart for, or assign to, a particular person or use, in exclusion of all others; -- with <i>to</i> or <i>for</i>; <as>as, a spot of ground is <ex>appropriated</ex> for a garden; to <ex>appropriate</ex> money for the increase of the navy.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make suitable; to suit.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Paley.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>To annex, as a benefice, to a spiritual corporation, as its property.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Appropriate</h1>
<Xpage=74>

<hw>Ap*pro"pri*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A property; attribute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Appropriately</h1>
<Xpage=74>

<hw>Ap*pro"pri*ate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an appropriate or proper manner; fitly; properly.</def>

<h1>Appropriateness</h1>
<Xpage=74>

<hw>Ap*pro"pri*ate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being appropriate; peculiar fitness.</def>

<i>Froude.</i>

<h1>Appropriation</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pro`pri*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appropriatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>appropriation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of setting apart or assigning to a particular use or person, or of taking to one's self, in exclusion of all others; application to a special use or purpose, as of a piece of ground for a park, or of money to carry out some object.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything, especially money, thus set apart.</def>

<blockquote>The Commons watched carefully over the <b>appropriation</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The severing or sequestering of a benefice to the perpetual use of a spiritual corporation. <i>Blackstone</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The application of payment of money by a debtor to his creditor, to one of several debts which are due from the former to the latter.</def>

<i>Chitty.</i>

<h1>Appropriative</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pro"pri*a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Appropriating; making, or tending to, appropriation; <as>as, an <ex>appropriative</ex> act</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*pro"pri*a*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Appropriator</h1>
<Xpage=74>

<hw>Ap*pro"pri*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who appropriates.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A spiritual corporation possessed of an appropriated benefice; also, an impropriator.</def>

<h1>Approvable</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prov"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worthy of being approved; meritorious.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*prov"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Approval</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prov"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Approbation; sanction.</def>

<blockquote>A censor . . . without whose <b>approval</b> n<?/ capital sentences are to be executed.
<i>Temple.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Approbation</er>.</syn>

<h1>Approvance</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prov"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Approval.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Approve</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prove"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Approved</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Approving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aproven</ets>, <ets>appreven</ets>, to prove, OF. <ets>aprover</ets>, F. <ets>approuver</ets>, to approve, fr. L. <ets>approbare</ets>; <ets>ad + probare</ets> to esteem as good, approve, prove. See <er>Prove</er>, and cf. <er>Approbate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To show to be real or true; to prove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Wouldst thou <b>approve</b> thy constancy? <b>Approve</b>
First thy obedience.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make proof of; to demonstrate; to prove or show practically.</def>

<blockquote>Opportunities to <b>approve</b> . . . worth.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote> He had <b>approved</b> himself a great warrior.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>'T is an old lesson; Time <b>approves</b> it true.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His account . . . <b>approves</b> him a man of thought.
<i>Parkman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To sanction officially; to ratify; to confirm; <as>as, to <ex>approve</ex> the decision of a court-martial</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To regard as good; to commend; to be pleased with; to think well of; <as>as, we <ex>approve</ex> the measured of the administration</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To make or show to be worthy of approbation or acceptance.</def>

<blockquote>The first care and concern must be to <b>approve</b> himself to God.
<i>Rog<?/<?/<?/.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word, when it signifies <i>to be pleased with</i>, <i>to think favorably</i> (<i>of</i>), is often followed by <i>of</i>.</note>

<blockquote>They had not <b>approved of</b> the deposition of James.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>approved of</b> the political institutions.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 75  -->

<h1>Approve</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prove"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aprouer</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + a form apparently derived fr. the <ets>pro</ets>, <ets>prod</ets>, in L. <ets>prodest</ets> it is useful or profitable, properly the preposition <ets>pro</ets> for. Cf. <er>Improve</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To make profit of; to convert to one's own profit; said esp. of waste or common land appropriated by the lord of the manor.</def>

<h1>Approvedly</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prov"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to secure approbation; in an approved manner.</def>

<h1>Approvement</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prove"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Approbation.</def>

<blockquote>I did nothing without your <b>approvement</b>.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>a confession of guilt by a prisoner charged with treason or felony, together with an accusation of his accomplish and a giving evidence against them in order to obtain his own pardon. The term is no longer in use; it corresponded to what is now known as <i>turning king's</i> (or <i>queen's</i>) <i>evidence</i> in England, and <i>state's evidence</i> in the United States.</def>

<i>Burrill. Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Approvement</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prove"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and converting them to the uses of husbandry for the advantage of the lord of the manor.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Approver</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prov"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who approves. Formerly, one who made proof or trial.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An informer; an accuser.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>One who confesses a crime and accuses another. See 1st <er>Approvement</er>, <er>2</er>.</def>

<h1>Approver</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prov"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Approve</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A bailiff or steward; an agent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jacobs.</i>

<h1>Approving</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prov"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expressing approbation; commending; <as>as, an <ex>approving</ex> smile</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*prov"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Approximate</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prox"i*mate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>approximatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>approximare</ets> to approach; <ets>ad + proximare</ets> to come near. See <er>Proximate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Approaching; proximate; nearly resembling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Near correctness; nearly exact; not perfectly accurate; <as>as, <ex>approximate</ex> results or values</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Approximate quantities</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>those which are nearly, but not, equal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Approximate</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Ap*prox"i*mate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Approximated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Approximating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To carry or advance near; to cause to approach.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>approximate</b> the inequality of riches to the level of nature.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come near to; to approach.</def>

<blockquote>The telescope <b>approximates</b> perfection.
<i>J. Morse.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Approximate</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prox"i*mate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To draw; to approach.</def>

<h1>Approximately</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prox"i*mate*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With approximation; so as to approximate; nearly.</def>

<h1>Approximation</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prox`i*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>approximation</ets>, LL. <ets>approximatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of approximating; a drawing, advancing or being near; approach; also, the result of approximating.</def>

<blockquote>The largest capacity and the most noble dispositions are but an <b>approximation</b> to the proper standard and true symmetry of human nature.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An approach to a correct estimate, calculation, or conception, or to a given quantity, quality, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A continual approach or coming nearer to a result; <as>as, to solve an equation by <ex>approximation</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A value that is nearly but not exactly correct.</def>

<h1>Approximative</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prox"i*ma*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>approximatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Approaching; approximate.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*prox"i*ma*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ap*prox"i*ma*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Approximator</h1>
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<hw>Ap*prox"i*ma`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, approximates.</def>

<h1>Appui</h1>
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<hw>Ap`pui"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>ad + podium</ets> foothold, Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <def>A support or supporter; a stay; a prop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If a be to climb trees that are of any great height, there would be stays and <b>appuies</b> set to it.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Point d'appui</col> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[F., a point of support.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A given point or body, upon which troops are formed, or by which are marched in line or column.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An advantageous defensive support, as a castle, morass, wood, declivity, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Appulse</h1>
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<hw>Ap"pulse</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>appulsus</ets>, fr. <ets>appellere</ets>, <ets>appulsum</ets>, to drive to; <ets>ad + pellere</ets> to drive: cf. F. <ets>appulse</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A driving or running towards; approach; impulse; also, the act of striking against.</def>

<blockquote>In all consonants there is an <b>appulse</b> of the organs.
<i>Holder.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The near approach of one heavenly body to another, or to the meridian; a coming into conjunction; <as>as, the <ex>appulse</ex> of the moon to a star, or of a star to the meridian</as>.</def>

<h1>Appulsion</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pul"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A driving or striking against; an appulse.</def>

<h1>Appulsive</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pul"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Striking against; impinging; <as>as, the <ex>appulsive</ex> influence of the planets</as>.</def>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Appulsively</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pul"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By appulsion.</def>

<h1>Appurtenance</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pur"te*nance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>apurtenaunce</ets>, <ets>apartenance</ets>, F. <ets>appartenance</ets>, LL. <ets>appartenentia</ets>, from L. <ets>appertinere</ets>. See <er>Appertain</er>.]</ety> <def>That which belongs to something else; an adjunct; an appendage; an accessory; something annexed to another thing more worthy; in common parlance and legal acceptation, something belonging to another thing as principal, and which passes as incident to it, as a right of way, or other easement to land; a right of common to pasture, an outhouse, barn, garden, or orchard, to a house or messuage. In a strict legal sense, land can never pass as an appurtenance to land.</def>

<i>Tomlins. Bouvier. Burrill.</i>

<blockquote>Globes . . . provided as <b>appurtenances</b> to astronomy.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The structure of the eye, and of its <b>appurtenances</b>.
<i>Reid.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Appurtenant</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pur"te*nant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>appartenant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>appartenir</ets>. See <er>Appurtenance</er>.]</ety> <def>Annexed or pertaining to some more important thing; accessory; incident; <as>as, a right of way <ex>appurtenant</ex> to land or buildings</as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><col>Common appurtenatn</col>. <cd><fld>(Law)</fld> See under <er>Common, <tt>n.</tt></er></cd></cs>

<h1>Appurtenant</h1>
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<hw>Ap*pur"te*nant</hw>, <tt>n</tt>, <def>Something which belongs or appertains to another thing; an appurtenance.</def>

<blockquote>Mysterious <b>appurtenants</b> and symbols of redemption.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apricate</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ri*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>apricatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>apricare</ets>, fr. <ets>apricus</ets> exposed to the sun, fr. <ets>aperire</ets> to uncover, open.]</ety> <def>To bask in the sun.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Aprication</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>Ap`ri*ca"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Basking in the sun.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Apricot</h1>
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<hw>A"pri*cot</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>apricock</ets>, <ets>abricot</ets>, F. <ets>abricot</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>albaricoque</ets> or Pg. <ets>albricoque</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>albirq<?/q</ets>, <ets>al</ets>-<ets>burq<?/q</ets>. Though the E. and F. form <ets>abricot</ets> is derived from the Arabic through the Spanish, yet the Arabic word itself was formed from the Gr. <?/, pl. (Diosc. c. 1000) fr. L. <ets>praecoquus</ets>, <ets>praecox</ets>, early ripe. The older E. form <ets>apricock</ets> was prob. taken direct from Pg. See <er>Precocious</er>, <er>Cook</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fruit allied to the plum, of an orange color, oval shape, and delicious taste; also, the tree <spn>(Prunus Armeniaca of Linn\'91us)</spn> which bears this fruit. By cultivation it has been introduced throughout the temperate zone.</def>

<h1>April</h1>
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<hw>A"pril</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aprilis</ets>. OE. also <ets>Averil</ets>, F. <ets>Avril</ets>, fr. L. <ets>Aprilis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fourth month of the year.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: With reference to April being the month in which vegetation begins to put forth, the variableness of its weather, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>April's</b> her eyes; it is love's spring.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>April fool</col>, <cd>one who is sportively imposed upon by others on the first day of April.</cd></cs>

<h1>A priori</h1>
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<hw>A` pri*o"ri</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>a</ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>prior</ets> former.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Characterizing that kind of reasoning which deduces consequences from definitions formed, or principles assumed, or which infers effects from causes previously known; deductive or deductively. The reverse of <i>a posteriori</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>Applied to knowledge and conceptions assumed, or presupposed, as prior to experience, in order to make experience rational or possible.</def>

<blockquote><b>A priori</b>, that is, form these necessities of the mind or forms of thinking, which, though first revealed to us by experience, must yet have pre\'89xisted in order to make experience possible.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apriorism</h1>
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<hw>A`pri*o"rism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>apriorisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>An <i>a priori</i> principle.</def>

<h1>Apriority</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>A`pri*or"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being innate in the mind, or prior to experience; <i>a priori</i> reasoning.</def>

<h1>Aprocta</h1>
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<hw>A*proc"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ anus.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Turbellaria in which there is no anal aperture.</def>

<h1>Aproctous</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>A*proc"tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without an anal office.</def>

<h1>Apron</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>A"pron</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>napron</ets>, OF. <ets>naperon</ets>, F. <ets>napperon</ets>, dim. of OF. <ets>nape</ets>, F. <ets>nappe</ets>, cloth, tablecloth, LL. <ets>napa</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mappa</ets>, napkin, table napkin. See <er>Map</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An article of dress, of cloth, leather, or other stuff, worn on the fore part of the body, to keep the clothes clean, to defend them from injury, or as a covering. It is commonly tied at the waist by strings.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something which by its shape or use suggests an apron; <as>as, <sd>(a)</sd> The fat skin covering the belly of a goose or duck</as>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <i>Halliwell</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A piece of leather, or other material, to be spread before a person riding on an outside seat of a vehicle, to defend him from the rain, snow, or dust; a boot.</def>  "The weather being too hot for the <i>apron</i>." <i>Hughes</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A leaden plate that covers the vent of a cannon.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A piece of carved timber, just above the foremost end of the keel.</def> <i>Totten</i>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance of a dock, against which the dock gates are shut.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>A flooring of plank before a dam to cause the water to make a gradual descent.</def> <sd>(g)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The piece that holds the cutting tool of a planer.</def> <sd>(h)</sd> <fld>(Plumbing)</fld> <def>A strip of lead which leads the drip of a wall into a gutter; a flashing.</def> <sd>(i)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The infolded abdomen of a crab.</def>

<h1>Aproned</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>A"proned</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing an apron.</def>

<blockquote>A cobbler <b>aproned</b>, and a parson gowned.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Apronful</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>A"pron*ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Apronfuls</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>The quality an apron can hold.</def>

<h1>Apronless</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>A"pron*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without an apron.</def>

<h1>Apron man</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>A"pron man`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A man who wears an apron; a laboring man; a mechanic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Apron string</h1>
<Xpage=75>

<hw>A"pron string`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>The string of an apron.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To be tied to a wife's</col> or <col>mother's apron strings</col></mcol>, <cd>to be unduly controlled by a wife or mother.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>He was so made that he could not submit <b>to be tied to the apron strings</b> even of the best of wives.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aprosos</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ro*sos`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[F. <?/ propos; <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>propos</ets> purpose, L. <ets>proposium</ets> plan, purpose, fr. <ets>proponere</ets> to propose. See <er>Propound</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Opportunely or opportune; seasonably or seasonable.</def>

<blockquote>A tale extremely <b>apropos</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By the way; to the purpose; suitably to the place or subject; -- a word used to introduce an incidental observation, suited to the occasion, though not strictly belonging to the narration.</def>

<h1>Apse</h1>
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<hw>Apse</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. Apses</plu> <tt>(#)</tt>. [See <er>Apsis</er>.] <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A projecting part of a building, esp. of a church, having in the plan a polygonal or semicircular termination, and, most often, projecting from the east end. In early churches the Eastern apse was occupied by seats for the bishop and clergy.</def>   Hence: <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The bishop's seat or throne, in ancient churches.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A reliquary, or case in which the relics of saints were kept.</def>

<note>&hand; This word is also written <i>apsis</i> and <i>absis</i>.</note>

<h1>Apsidal</h1>
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<hw>Ap"si*dal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the apsides of an orbit.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the apse of a church; <as>as, the <ex>apsidal</ex> termination of the chancel</as>.</def>

<h1>Apsides</h1>
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<hw>Ap"si*des</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Apsis</er>.</def>

<h1>Apsis</h1>
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<hw>Ap"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Apsides</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. See <er>Apse</er>. <ety>[L. <ets>apsis</ets>, <ets>absis</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, a tying, fastening, the hoop of a wheel, the wheel, a bow, arch, vault, fr. <?/ to fasten.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of the two points of an orbit, as of a planet or satellite, which are at the greatest and least distance from the central body, corresponding to the aphelion and perihelion of a planet, or to the apogee and perigee of the moon. The more distant is called the <i>higher apsis</i>; the other, the <i>lower apsis</i>; and the line joining them, the <i>line of apsides</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>In a curve referred to polar co\'94rdinates, any point for which the radius vector is a maximum or minimum.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Apse</er>.</def>

<h1>Apt</h1>
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<hw>Apt</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>apte</ets>, L. <ets>aptus</ets>, fr. obsolete <ets>apere</ets> to fasten, to join, to fit, akin to <ets>apisci</ets> to reach, attain: cf. Gr. <?/ to fasten, Skr. <ets>\'bepta</ets> fit, fr. <ets>\'bep</ets> to reach attain.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Fit or fitted; suited; suitable; appropriate.</def>

<blockquote>They have always <b>apt</b> instruments.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A river . . . <b>apt</b> to be forded by a lamb.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having an habitual tendency; habitually liable or likely; -- used of things.</def>

<blockquote>My vines and peaches . . . were <b>apt</b> to have a soot or smuttiness upon their leaves and fruit.
<i>Temple.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This tree, if unprotected, is <b>apt</b> to be stripped of the leaves by a leaf-cutting ant.
<i>Lubbock.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Inclined; disposed customarily; given; ready; -- used of persons.</def>

<blockquote><b>Apter</b> to give than thou wit be to ask.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That lofty pity with which prosperous folk are <b>apt</b> to remember their grandfathers.
<i>F. Harrison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Ready; especially fitted or qualified (to do something); quick to learn; prompt; expert; <as>as, a pupil <ex>apt</ex> to learn; an <ex>apt</ex> scholar.</as></def> "An <i>apt</i> wit."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<blockquote>Live a thousand years,
I shall not find myself so <b>apt</b> to die.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I find thee <b>apt</b> . . . Now, Hamlet, hear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Fit; meet; suitable; qualified; inclined; disposed; liable; ready; quick; prompt.</syn>

<h1>Apt</h1>
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<hw>Apt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aptare</ets>. See <er>Aptate</er>.]</ety> <def>To fit; to suit; to adapt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " To <b>apt</b> their places."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<blockquote>That our speech be <b>apted</b> to edification.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aptable</h1>
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<hw>Apt"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>aptabilis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aptare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being adapted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Aptate</h1>
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<hw>Ap"tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aptatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aptare</ets>. See <er>Apt</er>.]</ety> <def>To make fit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey</i>

<h1>Aptera</h1>
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<hw>Ap"te*ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>aptera</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ without wings; <?/ priv. + <?/ wing, <?/ to fly.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Insects without wings, constituting the seventh Linn\'91n order of insects, an artificial group, which included Crustacea, spiders, centipeds, and even worms. These animals are now placed in several distinct classes and orders.</def>

<h1>Apteral</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ter*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Apterous.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Without lateral columns; -- applied to buildings which have no series of columns along their sides, but are either prostyle or amphiprostyle, and opposed to <i>peripteral</i>.</def>

<i>R. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Apteran</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ter*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Aptera.</def>

<h1>Apteria</h1>
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<hw>Ap*te"ri*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Aptera</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Naked spaces between the feathered areas of birds. See <er>Pteryli\'91</er>.</def>

<h1>Apterous</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Destitute of wings; apteral; <as>as, <ex>apterous</ex> insects</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of winglike membranous expansions, as a stem or petiole; -- opposed to <i>atate</i>.</def>

<h1>Apteryges</h1>
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<hw>Ap*ter"y*ges</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Apteryx</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of birds, including the genus Apteryx.</def>

<h1>Apteryx</h1>
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<hw>Ap"te*ryx</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ wing. Cf. <er>Aptera</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of New Zealand birds about the size of a hen, with only short rudiments of wings, armed with a claw and without a tail; the kiwi. It is allied to the gigantic extinct moas of the same country. Five species are known.</def>

<h1>Aptitude</h1>
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<hw>Apt"i*tude</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aptitude</ets>, LL. <ets>aptitudo</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aptus</ets>. See <er>Apt</er>, and cf. <er>Attitude</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A natural or acquired disposition or capacity for a particular purpose, or tendency to a particular action or effect; <as>as, oil has an <ex>aptitude</ex> to burn</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He seems to have had a peculiar <b>aptitude</b> for the management of irregular troops.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A general fitness or suitableness; adaptation.</def>

<blockquote>That sociable and helpful <b>aptitude</b> which God implanted between man and woman.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Readiness in learning; docility; aptness.</def>

<blockquote>He was a boy of remarkable <b>aptitude</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aptitudinal</h1>
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<hw>Apt`i*tu"di*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suitable; fit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aptly</h1>
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<hw>Apt"ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an apt or suitable manner; fitly; properly; pertinently; appropriately; readily.</def>

<h1>Aptness</h1>
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<hw>Apt"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fitness; suitableness; appropriateness; <as>as, the <ex>aptness</ex> of things to their end</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>aptness</b> of his quotations.
<i>J. R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 76  -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disposition of the mind; propensity; <as>as, the <ex>aptness</ex> of men to follow example</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Quickness of apprehension; readiness in learning; docility; <as>as, an <ex>aptness</ex> to learn is more observable in some children than in others</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Proneness; tendency; <as>as, the <ex>aptness</ex> of iron to rust</as>.</def>

<h1>Aptote</h1>
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<hw>Ap"tote</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aptotum</ets>, Gr. <?/ indeclinable; <?/ priv. + <?/ fallen, declined, <?/ to fall.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A noun which has no distinction of cases; an indeclinable noun.</def>

<h1>Aptotic</h1>
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<hw>Ap*tot"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, aptotes; uninflected; <as>as, <ex>aptotic</ex> languages</as>.</def>

<h1>Aptychus</h1>
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<hw>Ap"ty*chus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, fold.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A shelly plate found in the terminal chambers of ammonite shells. Some authors consider them to be jaws; others, opercula.</def>

<h1>Apus</h1>
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<hw>A"pus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Apode</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fresh-water phyllopod crustaceans. See <er>Phyllopod</er>.</def>

<h1>Apyretic</h1>
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<hw>Ap`y*ret"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a<?/</ets> not + <ets>pyretic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Without fever; -- applied to days when there is an intermission of fever.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Apyrexia, Apyrexy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ap`y*rex"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ap`y*rex`y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>apyrexia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to be feverish, fr. <?/ fire: cf. F. <ets>apyrexie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The absence or intermission of fever.</def>

<h1>Apyrexial</h1>
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<hw>Ap`y*rex"i*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relating to apyrexy.</def> "<i>Apyrexial</i> period."

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Apyrous</h1>
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<hw>Ap"y*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ fire.]</ety> <def>Incombustible; capable of sustaining a strong heat without alteration of form or properties.</def>

<h1>Aqua</h1>
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<hw>A"qua</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Ewer</er>.]</ety> <def>Water; -- a word much used in pharmacy and the old chemistry, in various signification, determined by the word or words annexed.</def>

<cs><col>Aqua ammoni\'91</col>, <cd>the aqueous solution of ammonia; liquid ammonia; often called <i>aqua ammonia<i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Aqua marine</col> <tt>(#)</tt>, or <col>Aqua marina</col></mcol> <tt>(#)</tt>. <cd>Same as <er>Aquamarine</er>.</cd> -- <col>Aqua regia</col> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., royal water]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a very corrosive fuming yellow liquid consisting of nitric and hydrochloric acids. It has the power of dissolving gold, the "royal" metal.</cd> -- <col>Aqua Tofana</col> <tt>(#)</tt>, <cd>a fluid containing arsenic, and used for secret poisoning, made by an Italian woman named <ets>Tofana<ets>, in the middle of the 17th century, who is said to have poisoned more than 600 persons.</cd> <i>Francis<i>. -- <col>Aqua vit\'91</col> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[L., water of life. Cf. <er>Eau de vie</er>, <er>Usquebaugh</er>]</ety>, <cd>a name given to brandy and some other ardent spirits.</cd>

<i>Shak.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Aqua fortis</h1>
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<hw>A`qua for"tis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., strong water.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Nitric acid.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Aquamarine</h1>
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<hw>A`qua*ma*rine"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A transparent, pale green variety of beryl, used as a gem. See <er>Beryl</er>.</def>

<h1>Aquapuncture</h1>
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<hw>A`qua*punc"ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aqua</ets> water, + <ets>punctura</ets> puncture, <ets>pungere</ets>, <ets>punctum</ets>, to, prick.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The introduction of water subcutaneously for the relief of pain.</def>

<h1>Aquarelle</h1>
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<hw>Aq`ua*relle"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Ital <ets>acquerello</ets>, fr. <ets>acqua</ets> water, L. <ets>aqua</ets>.]</ety> <def>A design or painting in thin transparent water colors; also, the mode of painting in such colors.</def>

<h1>Aquarellist</h1>
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<hw>Aq`ua*rel"list</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A painter in thin transparent water colors.</def>

<h1>Aquarial, Aquarian</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*qua"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*qua"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an aquarium.</def>

<h1>Aquarian</h1>
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<hw>A*qua"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. (assumed) <ets>Aquarianus</ets>, fr. <ets>aqua</ets>: cf. F. <ets>Aquarien</ets>. See <er>Aqua</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of Christian in the primitive church who used water instead of wine in the Lord's Supper.</def>

<h1>Aquarium</h1>
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<hw>A*qua"ri*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Aquariums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Aquaria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. See <er>Aquarius</er>, <er>Ewer</er>.]</ety> <def>An artificial pond, or a globe or tank (usually with glass sides), in which living specimens of aquatic animals or plants are kept.</def>

<h1>Aquarius</h1>
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<hw>A*qua"ri*us</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aquarius</ets>, adj., relating to water, and n., a water-carrier, fr. <ets>aqua</ets>. See <er>Aqua</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The Water-bearer; the eleventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters about the 20th of January; -- so called from the rains which prevail at that season in Italy and the East.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A constellation south of Pegasus.</def>

<h1>Aquatic</h1>
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<hw>A*quat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aquaticus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aquatique</ets>. See <er>Aqua</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to water growing in water; living in, swimming in, or frequenting the margins of waters; <as>as, <ex>aquatic</ex> plants and fowls</as>.</def>

<h1>Aquatic</h1>
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<hw>A*quat`ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An aquatic animal or plant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Sports or exercises practiced in or on the water.</def>

<h1>Aquatical</h1>
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<hw>A*quat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Aquatic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Aquatile</h1>
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<hw>Aq"ua*tile</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aquatilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aquatile</ets>.]</ety> <def>Inhabiting the water.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Aquatint, Aquatinta</h1>
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<hw><hw>A"qua*tint</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A`qua*tin"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>acquatinta</ets> dyed water; <ets>acqua</ets> (L. <ets>aqua</ets>) water + <ets>tinto</ets>, fem. <ets>tinta</ets>, dyed. See <er>Tint</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of etching in which spaces are bitten by the use of aqua fortis, by which an effect is produced resembling a drawing in water colors or India ink; also, the engraving produced by this method.</def>

<h1>Aqueduct</h1>
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<hw>Aq"ue*duct</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aqueduc</ets>, OF. <ets>aqueduct</ets> (Cotgr.), fr. L. <ets>aquaeductus</ets>; <ets>aquae</ets>, gen. of <ets>aqua</ets> water + <ets>ductus</ets> a leading, <ets>ducere</ets> to lead. See <er>Aqua</er>, <er>Duke</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A conductor, conduit, or artificial channel for conveying water, especially one for supplying large cities with water.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is also applied to a structure (similar to the ancient aqueducts), for conveying a canal over a river or hollow; more properly called an <i>aqueduct bridge</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A canal or passage; <as>as, the <ex>aqueduct</ex> of <ex>Sylvius</ex>, a channel connecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain</as>.</def>

<h1>Aqueity</h1>
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<hw>A*que"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wateriness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aqueous</h1>
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<hw>A"que*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aqueux</ets>, L. <ets>aquosus</ets>, fr. <ets>aqua</ets>. See <er>Aqua</er>, <er>Aquose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Partaking of the nature of water, or abounding with it; watery.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>aqueous</b> vapor of the air.
<i>Tyndall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Made from, or by means of, water.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>aqueous</b> deposit.
<i>Dana.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Aqueous extract</col>, <cd>an extract obtained from a vegetable substance by steeping it in water.</cd> -- <col>Aqueous humor</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one the humors of the eye; a limpid fluid, occupying the space between the crystalline lens and the cornea. (See <er>Eye</er>.)</cd> -- <col>Aqueous rocks</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>those which are deposited from water and lie in strata, as opposed to <i>volcanic<i> rocks, which are of igneous origin; -- called also <i>sedimentary<i> rocks.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aqueousness</h1>
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<hw>A`que*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wateriness.</def>

<h1>Aquiferous</h1>
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<hw>A*quif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aqua</ets> water + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting or conveying water or a watery fluid; <as>as, <ex>aquiferous</ex> vessels; the <ex>aquiferous</ex> system.</as></def>

<h1>Aquiform</h1>
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<hw>A"qui*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aqua</ets> water + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of water.</def>

<h1>Aquila</h1>
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<hw>Aq"ui*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aquil\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., an eagle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of eagles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A northern constellation southerly from Lyra and Cygnus and preceding the Dolphin; the Eagle.</def>

<cs><col>Aquila alba</col> <ety>[L., white eagle]</ety>, <cd>an alchemical name of <altname>calomel</altname>.</cd>

<i>Brande & C.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Aquilated</h1>
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<hw>Aq"ui*la`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Adorned with eagles' heads.</def>

<h1>Aquiline</h1>
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<hw>Aq"ui*line</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aquilinus</ets>, fr. <ets>aquila</ets> eagle: cf. F. <ets>aquilin</ets>. See <er>Eagle</er>. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to or like an eagle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Curving; hooked; prominent, like the beak of an eagle; -- applied particularly to the nose</def>

<blockquote>Terribly arched and <b>aquiline</b> his nose.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aquilon</h1>
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<hw>Aq"ui*lon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aquilo</ets>, <ets>-lonis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aquilon</ets>.]</ety> <def>The north wind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Aquiparous</h1>
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<hw>A*quip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aqua</ets> water + <ets>parere</ets> to bring forth.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Secreting water; -- applied to certain glands.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Aquitanian</h1>
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<hw>Aq`ui*ta"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Aquitania, now called <i>Gascony</i>.</def>

<h1>Aquose</h1>
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<hw>A*quose"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aquosus</ets> watery, fr. <ets>aqua</ets>. See <er>Aqua</er>, <er>Aqueous</er>.]</ety> <def>Watery; aqueous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Aquosity</h1>
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<hw>A*quos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>aquositas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The condition of being wet or watery; wateriness.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<blockquote>Very little water or <b>aquosity</b> is found in their belly.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ar</h1>
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<hw>Ar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <def>Ere; before.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ara</h1>
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<hw>A"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The Altar; a southern constellation, south of the tail of the Scorpion.</def>

<h1>Ara</h1>
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<hw>A"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name of the great blue and yellow macaw (<spn>Ara ararauna</spn>), native of South America.</def>

<h1>Arab</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ab</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. ultimately fr. Heb. <ets>arabah</ets> a desert, the name employed, in the Old Testament, to denote the valley of the Jordan and Dead Sea. Ar. <ets>Arab</ets>, Heb. <ets>arabi</ets>, <ets>arbi</ets>, <ets>arbim</ets>: cf. F. <ets>Arabe</ets>, L. <ets>Arabs</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>One of a swarthy race occupying Arabia, and numerous in Syria, Northern Africa, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Street Arab</col>, <cd>a homeless vagabond in the streets of a city, particularly and outcast boy or girl.</cd>  <i>Tylor.</i>

<blockquote>The ragged outcasts and <b>street Arabs</b> who are shivering in damp doorways.
<i>Lond. Sat. Rev.</i></blockquote>
</cs>

<h1>Arabesque</h1>
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<hw>Ar`a*besque"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arabesque</ets>, fr. It. <ets>arabesco</ets>, fr. <ets>Arabo</ets> Arab.]</ety> <def>A style of ornamentation either painted, inlaid, or carved in low relief. It consists of a pattern in which plants, fruits, foliage, etc., as well as figures of men and animals, real or imaginary, are fantastically interlaced or put together.</def>

<note>&hand; It was employed in Roman imperial ornamentation, and appeared, without the animal figures, in Moorish and Arabic decorative art. (See <er>Moresque</er>.) The arabesques of the Renaissance were founded on Greco-Roman work.</note>

<h1>Arabesque</h1>
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<hw>Ar`a*besque"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Arabian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating to, or exhibiting, the style of ornament called <i>arabesque</i>; <as>as, <ex>arabesque</ex> frescoes</as>.</def>

<h1>Arabesqued</h1>
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<hw>Ar`a*besqued"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ornamented in the style of arabesques.</def>

<h1>Arabian</h1>
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<hw>A*ra"bi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Arabia or its inhabitants.</def>

<cs><col>Arabian bird</col>, <cd>the phenix.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Arabian</h1>
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<hw>A*ra"bi*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Arabia; an Arab.</def>

<h1>Arabic</h1>
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<hw>Ar"a*bic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Arabicus</ets>, fr. <ets>Arabia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Arabia or the Arabians.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Arabic numerals</col> or <col>figures</col></mcol>, <cd>the nine digits, 1, 2, 3, etc., and the cipher 0.</cd> -- <col>Gum arabic</col>. <cd>See under <er>Gum</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arabic</h1>
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<hw>Ar"a*bic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The language of the Arabians.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>Arabic</i> is a Semitic language, allied to the Hebrew. It is very widely diffused, being the language in which all Mohammedans must read the Koran, and is spoken as a vernacular tongue in Arabia, Syria, and Northern Africa.</note>

<h1>Arabical</h1>
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<hw>A*rab"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to Arabia; Arabic.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*rab"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Arabin</h1>
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<hw>Ar"a*bin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A carbohydrate, isomeric with cane sugar, contained in gum <i>arabic</i>, from which it is extracted as a white, amorphous substance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mucilage, especially that made of gum arabic.</def>

<h1>Arabinose</h1>
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<hw>Ar"a*bin*ose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A sugar of the composition <chform>C5H10O5</chform>, obtained from cherry gum by boiling it with dilute sulphuric acid.</def>

<h1>Arabism</h1>
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<hw>Ar"a*bism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Arabisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>An Arabic idiom peculiarly of language.</def>

<i>Stuart.</i>

<h1>Arabist</h1>
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<hw>Ar`a*bist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Arabiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One well versed in the Arabic language or literature; also, formerly, one who followed the Arabic system of surgery.</def>

<h1>Arable</h1>
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<hw>Ar"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arable</ets>, L. <ets>arabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>arare</ets> to plow, akin to Gr. <?/, E. <ets>ear</ets>, to plow. See <er>Earable</er>.]</ety> <def>Fit for plowing or tillage; -- hence, often applied to land which has been plowed or tilled.</def>

<h1>Arable</h1>
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<hw>Ar"a*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Arable land; plow land.</def>

<h1>Araby</h1>
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<hw>Ar"a*by</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The country of Arabia.</def>   <mark>[Archaic & Poetic]</mark>

<h1>Aracanese</h1>
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<hw>Ar`a*ca*nese"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Aracan, a province of British Burmah.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def> A native or natives of Aracan.</def></def2>

<h1>Ara</ari</h1>
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<hw>A`ra*<?/a"ri</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American bird, of the genus <spn>Pleroglossius</spn>, allied to the toucans. There are several species.</def>

<h1>Arace</h1>
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<hw>A*race"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aracen</ets>, <ets>arasen</ets>, OF. <ets>arachier</ets>, <ets>esracier</ets>, F. <ets>arracher</ets>, fr. L. <ets>exradicare</ets>, <ets>eradicare</ets>. The prefix <ets>a-</ets> is perh. due to L. <ets>ab</ets>. See <er>Eradicate</er>.]</ety> <def>To tear up by the roots; to draw away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyatt.</i>

<h1>Araceous</h1>
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<hw>A*ra"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arum</ets> a genus of plants, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an order of plants, of which the genus <spn>Arum</spn> is the type.</def>

<h1>Arachnid</h1>
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<hw>A*rach"nid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An arachnidan.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Arachnida</h1>
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<hw>A*rach"ni*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ spider.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the classes of Arthropoda. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<note>&hand; They have four pairs of legs, no antenn\'91 nor wings, a pair of mandibles, and one pair of maxill\'91 or palpi. The head is usually consolidated with the thorax. The respiration is either by tranche\'91 or by pulmonary sacs, or by both. The class includes three principal orders: <stype><spn>Araneina</spn></stype>, or spiders; <stype><spn>Arthrogastra</spn></stype>, including scorpions, etc.; and <stype><spn>Acarina</spn></stype>, or mites and ticks.</note>

<h1>Arachnidan</h1>
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<hw>A*rach"ni*dan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ spider.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Arachnida.</def>

<h1>Arachnidial</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ach*nid"i*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the Arachnida.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to the arachnidium.</def>

<h1>Arachnidium</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ach*nid"i*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Arachnida</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The glandular organ in which the material for the web of spiders is secreted.</def>

<h1>Arachnitis</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ach*ni"tis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the arachnoid membrane.</def>

<h1>Arachnoid</h1>
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<hw>A*rach"noid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ like a cobweb; <?/ spider, spider's web + <?/ form.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resembling a spider's web; cobweblike.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a thin membrane of the brain and spinal cord, between the dura mater and pia mater.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Covered with, or composed of, soft, loose hairs or fibers, so as to resemble a cobweb; cobwebby.</def>

<h1>Arachnoid</h1>
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<hw>A*rach"noid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The arachnoid membrane.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Arachnoidea.</def>

<h1>Arachnoidal</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ach*noid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the arachnoid membrane; arachnoid.</def>

<h1>Arachnoidea</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ach*noid"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Arachnida</er>.</def>

<h1>Arachnological</h1>
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<hw>A*rach`no*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to arachnology.</def>

<h1>Arachnologist</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ach*nol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is versed in, or studies, arachnology.</def>

<h1>Arachnology</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ach*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ spider + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The department of zo\'94logy which treats of spiders and other Arachnida.</def>

<h1>Ar\'91ometer</h1>
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<hw>A`r\'91*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>. <def>See <er>Areometer</er>.</def>

<h1>Ar\'91ostyle</h1>
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<hw>A*r\'91"o*style</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>araeostylos</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ at intervals + <?/ pillar, column.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Intercolumniation</er>.</def>

<h1>Ar\'91osystyle</h1>
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<hw>A*r\'91`o*sys"tyle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ as intervals + <?/. See <er>Systyle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Intercolumniation</er>.</def>

<h1>Aragonese</h1>
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<hw>Ar`a*go*nese</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Aragon, in Spain, or to its inhabitants.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def> A native or natives of Aragon, in Spain.</def></def2>

<h1>Aragonite</h1>
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<hw>A*rag"o*nite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Aragon</ets>, in Spain.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral identical in composition with calcite or carbonate of lime, but differing from it in its crystalline form and some of its physical characters.</def>

<h1>Araguato</h1>
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<hw>A`ra*gua"to</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American monkey, the ursine howler (<spn>Mycetes ursinus</spn>). See <er>Howler</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Araise</h1>
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<hw>A*raise""</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To raise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Arak</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ak</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Arrack</er>.</def>

<h1>Aram\'91an, Aramean</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar`a*m\'91an</hw>, <hw>Ar`a*me"an</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aramaeus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. Heb. <ets>Ar\'bem</ets>, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>. Highland, a name given to Syria and Mesopotamia.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Syrians and Chaldeans, or to their language; Aramaic.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native of Aram.</def></def2>

<h1>Aramaic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`a*ma"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Aram\'91an</er>, a.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Aram, or to the territory, inhabitants, language, or literature of Syria and Mesopotamia; Aram\'91an; -- specifically applied to the northern branch of the Semitic family of languages, including Syriac and Chaldee.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> The Aramaic language.</def></def2>

<h1>Aramaism</h1>
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<hw>Ar`a*ma"ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An idiom of the Aramaic.</def>

<h1>Araneida, Araneoidea</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar`a*ne"i*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar`a*ne*oid"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Araneina</er>.</def>

<h1>Araneidan</h1>
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<hw>Ar`a*ne"i*dan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Araneina or spiders.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One of the Araneina; a spider.</def></def2>

<h1>Araneiform</h1>
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<hw>Ar`a*ne"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aranea</ets> spider + -<ets>form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a spider.</def>

<i>Kirby.</i>

<h1>Araneina</h1>
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<hw>A*ra`ne*i"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>aranea</ets> spider.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The order of Arachnida that includes the spiders.</def>

<note>&hand; They have mandibles, modified a poison fa<?/gs, leglike palpi, simple eyes, abdomen without segments, and spinnerets for spinning a web. They breathe by pulmonary sacs and trache\'91 in the abdomen. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</note>

<h1>Araneose</h1>
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<hw>A*ra"ne*ose`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>araneous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the aspect of a spider's web; arachnoid.</def>

<h1>Araneous</h1>
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<hw>A*ra"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>araneosus</ets>, fr. <ets>aranea</ets> spider, spider's web.]</ety> <def>Cobweblike; extremely thin and delicate, like a cobweb; <as>as, the <ex>araneous</ex> membrane of the eye</as>. See <er>Arachnoid</er>.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<-- p. 77  -->

<h1>Arango</h1>
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<hw>A*ran"go</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Arangoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[The native name.]</ety> <def>A bead of rough carnelian. Arangoes were formerly imported from Bombay for use in the African slave trade.</def>

<i>McCulloch.</i>

<h1>Arapaima</h1>
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<hw>A`ra*pai"ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large fresh-water food fish of South America.</def>

<h1>Arara</h1>
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<hw>A*ra"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The palm (or great black) cockatoo, of Australia (<spn>Microglossus aterrimus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Aration</h1>
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<hw>A*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aratio</ets>, fr. <ets>arare</ets> to plow.]</ety> <def>Plowing; tillage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lands are said to be in a state of <b>aration</b> when they are under tillage.
<i>Brande.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aratory</h1>
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<hw>Ar"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>aratorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aratoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Contributing to tillage.</def>

<h1>Araucaria</h1>
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<hw>Ar`au*ca"ri*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Araucania</ets>, a territory south of Chili.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of tall conifers of the pine family. The species are confined mostly to South America and Australia. The wood cells differ from those of other in having the dots in their lateral surfaces in two or three rows, and the dots of contiguous rows alternating. The seeds are edible.</def>

<h1>Araucarian</h1>
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<hw>Ar`au*ca"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or of the nature of, the Araucaria. The earliest conifers in geological history were mostly Araucarian.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Arbalest, Arbalist</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar"ba*lest</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar"ba*list</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>arbaleste</ets>, LL. <ets>arbalista</ets>, for L. <ets>arcuballista</ets>; <ets>arcus</ets> bow + <ets>ballista</ets> a military engine. See <er>Ballista</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A crossbow, consisting of a steel bow set in a shaft of wood, furnished with a string and a trigger, and a mechanical device for bending the bow. It served to throw arrows, darts, bullets, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>arbalet</asp> and <asp>arblast</asp>.]</altsp>

<i> Fosbroke.</i>

<h1>Arbalester, Arbalister</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar"ba*lest`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar"ba*list`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>arblastere</ets>, OF. <ets>arbalestier</ets>. See <er>Arbalest</er>.]</ety> <def>A crossbowman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Speed.</i>

<h1>Arbiter</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arbiter</ets>; <ets>ar-</ets> (for <ets>ad</ets>) + the root of <ets>betere</ets> to go; hence properly, one who comes up to look on.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person appointed, or chosen, by parties to determine a controversy between them.</def>

<note>&hand; In modern usage, <i>arbitrator</i> is the technical word.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any person who has the power of judging and determining, or ordaining, without control; one whose power of deciding and governing is not limited.</def>

<blockquote>For Jove is <b>arbiter</b> of both to man.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Arbitrator; umpire; director; referee; controller; ruler; governor.</syn>

<h1>Arbiter</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To act as arbiter between.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Arbitrable</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*tra*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>arbitrable</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arbitrari</ets>. See <er>Arbitrate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Capable of being decided by arbitration; determinable.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Arbitrage</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*trage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>arbiter</ets> to give judgment, L. <ets>arbitrari</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Judgment by an arbiter; authoritative determination.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Com)</fld> <def>A traffic in bills of exchange (see <i>Arbitration of Exchange</i>); also, a traffic in stocks which bear differing values at the same time in different markets.</def>

<h1>Arbitral</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*tral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arbitralis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to an arbiter or an arbitration.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Arbitrament</h1>
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<hw>Ar*bit"ra*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>arbitramentum</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Determination; decision; arbitration.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>arbitrament</b> of time.
<i>Everett.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Gladly at this moment would MacIvor have put their quarrel to personal <b>arbitrament</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The award of arbitrators.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Arbitrarily</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*tra*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an arbitrary manner; by will only; despotically; absolutely.</def>

<h1>Arbitrariness</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*tra*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being arbitrary; despoticalness; tyranny.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Arbitrarious</h1>
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<hw>Ar`bi*tra"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arbitrarius</ets>. See <er>Arbitrary</er>.]</ety> <def>Arbitrary; despotic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ar`bi*tra"*ri*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Arbitrary</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*tra*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arbitrarius</ets>, fr. <ets>arbiter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>arbitraire</ets>. See <er>Arbiter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Depending on will or discretion; not governed by any fixed rules; <as>as, an <ex>arbitrary</ex> decision; an <ex>arbitrary</ex> punishment.</as></def>

<blockquote>It was wholly <b>arbitrary</b> in them to do so.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Rank pretends to fix the value of every one, and is the most <b>arbitrary</b> of all things.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exercised according to one's own will or caprice, and therefore conveying a notion of a tendency to abuse the possession of power.</def>

<blockquote><b>Arbitrary</b> power is most easily established on the ruins of liberty abused licentiousness.
<i>Washington.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Despotic; absolute in power; bound by no law; harsh and unforbearing; tyrannical; <as>as, an <ex>arbitrary</ex> prince or government</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Arbitrary constant</col>, <col>Arbitrary function</col></mcol> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a quantity of function that is introduced into the solution of a problem, and to which any value or form may at will be given, so that the solution may be made to meet special requirements.</cd> -- <col>Arbitrary quantity</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>one to which any value can be assigned at pleasure.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arbitrate</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*trate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Arbitrated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arbitrating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>arbitratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>arbitrari</ets> to be a hearer or beholder of something, to make a decision, to give judgment, fr. <ets>arbiter</ets>. See <er>Arbiter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hear and decide, as arbitrators; <as>as, to choose to <ex>arbitrate</ex> a disputed case</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To decide, or determine generally.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>There shall your swords and lances <b>arbitrate</b>
The swelling difference of your settled hate.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arbitrate</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*trate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To decide; to determine.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act as arbitrator or judge; <as>as, to <ex>arbitrate</ex> upon several reports;; to <ex>arbitrate</ex> in disputes among heighbors; to <ex>arbitrate</ex> between parties to a suit.</as></def>

<h1>Arbitration</h1>
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<hw>Ar`bi*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arbitration</ets>, L. <ets>arbitratio</ets>, fr. <ets>arbitrari</ets>.]</ety> <def>The hearing and determination of a cause between parties in controversy, by a person or persons chosen by the parties.</def>

<note>&hand; This may be done by one person; but it is usual to choose two or three called <i>arbitrators</i>; or for each party to choose one, and these to name a third, who is called the <i>umpire</i>. Their determination is called the <i>award</i>.</note>

<i>Bouvier</i>

<cs><col>Arbitration bond</col>, <cd>a bond which obliges one to abide by the award of an arbitration.</cd> -- <col>Arbitration of Exchange</col>, <cd>the operation of converting the currency of one country into that of another, or determining the rate of exchange between such countries or currencies. An <i>arbitrated rate<i> is one determined by such arbitration through the medium of one or more intervening currencies.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arbitrator</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*tra`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>arbitrari</ets>: cf. F. <ets>arbitrateur</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person, or one of two or more persons, chosen by parties who have a controversy, to determine their differences. See <er>Arbitration</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who has the power of deciding or prescribing without control; a ruler; a governor.</def>

<blockquote>Though Heaven be shut,
And Heaven's high <b>Arbitrators</b> sit secure.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Masters of their own terms and <b>arbitrators</b> of a peace.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Judge; umpire; referee; arbiter. See <er>Judge</er>.</syn>

<h1>Arbitratrix</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*tra`trix</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fem. of <ets>arbitrator</ets>.]</ety> <def>A female who arbitrates or judges.</def>

<h1>Arbitress</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bi*tress</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Arbiter</er>.]</ety> <def>A female arbiter; an arbitratrix.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Arblast</h1>
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<hw>Ar"blast</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A crossbow. See <er>Arbalest</er>.</def>

<h1>Arbor</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>herber</ets>, <ets>herbere</ets>, properly a garden of herbs, F. <ets>herbier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>herbarium</ets>. See <er>Herb</er>, and cf. <er>Herbarium</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of latticework formed of, or covered with, vines, branches of trees, or other plants, for shade; a bower.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Arbor</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bor</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <ets>arbour</ets>.]</altsp> <ety>[L., a tree, a beam.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree, as distinguished from a shrub.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>arbre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An axle or spindle of a wheel or opinion.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A mandrel in lathe turning.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<cs><col>Arbor Day</col>, <cd>a day appointed for planting trees and shrubs.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Arborary</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bo*ra*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arborarius</ets>, fr. <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to trees; arboreal.</def>

<h1>Arborator</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bo*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety> <def>One who plants or who prunes trees.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Arbor Dian\'91</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bor Di*a"n\'91</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., the tree of Diana, or silver.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A precipitation of silver, in a beautiful arborescent form.</def>

<h1>Arboreal</h1>
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<hw>Ar*bo"re*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a tree, or to trees; of nature of trees.</def>

<i>Cowley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attached to, found in or upon, or frequenting, woods or trees; <as>as, <ex>arboreal</ex> animals</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Woodpeckers are eminently <b>arboreal</b>.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arbored</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bored</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with an arbor; lined with trees.</def> "An <i>arboreal</i> walk."

<i>Pollok.</i>

<h1>Arboreous</h1>
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<hw>Ar*bo"re*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arboreous</ets>, fr. <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the form, constitution, or habits, of a proper tree, in distinction from a shrub.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or growing on, trees; <as>as, <ex>arboreous</ex> moss</as>.</def>

<i>Quincy.</i>

<h1>Arborescence</h1>
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<hw>Ar`bo*res"cence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being arborescent; the resemblance to a tree in minerals, or crystallizations, or groups of crystals in that form; <as>as, the <ex>arborescence</ex> produced by precipitating silver</as>.</def>

<h1>Arborescent</h1>
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<hw>Ar`bo*res"cent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arborescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>arborescere</ets> to become a tree, fr. <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety> <def>Resembling a tree; becoming woody in stalk; dendritic; having crystallizations disposed like the branches and twigs of a tree.</def> "<i>Arborescent</i> hollyhocks."

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Arboret</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bo*ret</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>arboret</ets>, dim. of <ets>arbre</ets> tree, L. <ets>arbor</ets>]</ety> <def>A small tree or shrub.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Among thick-woven <b>arborets</b>, and flowers
Imbordered on each bank.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arboretum</h1>
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<hw>Ar`bo*re"tum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Arboreta</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a place grown with trees.]</ety> <def>A place in which a collection of rare trees and shrubs is cultivated for scientific or educational purposes.</def>

<h1>Arborical</h1>
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<hw>Ar*bor"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to trees.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Arboricole</h1>
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<hw>Ar*bor"i*cole</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arbor + colere</ets> to inhabit.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Tree-inhabiting; -- said of certain birds.</def>

<h1>Arboricultural</h1>
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<hw>Ar`bor*i*cul"tur*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to arboriculture.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<h1>Arboriculture</h1>
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<hw>Ar`bor*i*cul"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arbor</ets> tree + <ets>cultura</ets>. See <er>Culture</er>.]</ety> <def>The cultivation of trees and shrubs, chiefly for timber or for ornamental purposes.</def>

<h1>Arboriculturist</h1>
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<hw>Ar`bor*i*cul"tur*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who cultivates trees.</def>

<h1>Arboriform</h1>
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<hw>Ar*bor"i*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Treelike in shape.</def>

<h1>Arborist</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bor*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arboriste</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety> <def>One who makes trees his study, or who is versed in the knowledge of trees.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Arborization</h1>
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<hw>Ar`bor*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>arborisation</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety> <def>The appearance or figure of a tree or plant, as in minerals or fossils; a dendrite.</def>

<h1>Arborized</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bor*ized</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a treelike appearance.</def> "An <i>arborized</i> or moss agate."

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Arborous</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bor*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed by trees.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>From under shady, <b>arborous</b> roof.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arbor vine</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bor vine`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A species of bindweed.</def>

<-- note no *pos* in this def, in original -->
<h1>Arbor vit\'91</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bor vi"t\'91</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., tree of life.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An evergreen tree of the cypress tribe, genus <spn>Thuja</spn>. The American species is the <spn>T. occidentalis</spn>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The treelike disposition of the gray and white nerve tissues in the cerebellum, as seen in a vertical section.</def>

<h1>Arbuscle</h1>
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<hw>Ar"bus*cle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arbuscula</ets> small tree, shrub, dim. of <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety> <def>A dwarf tree, one in size between a shrub and a tree; a treelike shrub.</def>

<i>Bradley.</i>

<h1>Arbuscular</h1>
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<hw>Ar*bus"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a dwarf tree; shrublike.</def>

<i>Da Costa.</i>

<h1>Arbustive</h1>
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<hw>Ar*bus"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arbustivus</ets>, fr. <ets>arbustum</ets> place where trees are planted.]</ety> <def>Containing copses of trees or shrubs; covered with shrubs.</def>

<i>Bartram.</i>

<h1>Arbutus, Arbute</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar"bu*tus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar"bute</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arbutus</ets>, akin to <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety> <def>The strawberry tree, a genus of evergreen shrubs, of the Heath family. It has a berry externally resembling the strawberry; the arbute tree.</def>

<cs><col>Trailing arbutus</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a creeping or trailing plant of the Heath family <spn>(Epig\'91a repens)</spn>, having white or usually rose-colored flowers with a delicate fragrance, growing in small axillary clusters, and appearing early in the spring; in New England known as <altname>mayflower</altname>; -- called also <altname>ground laurel</altname>.</cd></cs>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Arc</h1>
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<hw>Arc</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arc</ets>, L. <ets>arcus</ets> bow, arc. See <er>Arch</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A portion of a curved line; <as>as, the <ex>arc</ex> of a circle or of an ellipse</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A curvature in the shape of a circular arc or an arch; <as>as, the colored <ex>arc</ex> (the rainbow); the <ex>arc</ex> of Hadley's quadrant.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An arch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Statues and trophies, and triumphal <b>arcs</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The apparent arc described, above or below the horizon, by the sun or other celestial body. The <i>diurnal arc</i> is described during the daytime, the <i>nocturnal arc</i> during the night.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Electric arc</col>, <col>Voltaic arc</col></mcol>.  <cd>See under <er>Voltaic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arcade</h1>
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<hw>Ar*cade"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arcade</ets>, Sp. <ets>arcada</ets>, LL. <ets>arcata</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arcus</ets> bow, arch.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A series of arches with the columns or piers which support them, the spandrels above, and other necessary appurtenances; sometimes open, serving as an entrance or to give light; sometimes closed at the back (as in the cut) and forming a decorative feature.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A long, arched building or gallery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An arched or covered passageway or avenue.</def>

<h1>Arcaded</h1>
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<hw>Ar*cad"ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with an arcade.</def>

<h1>Arcadia</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ca"di*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Arcadia</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mountainous and picturesque district of Greece, in the heart of the Peloponnesus, whose people were distinguished for contentment and rural happiness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Any region or scene of simple pleasure and untroubled quiet.</def>

<blockquote>Where the cow is, there is <b>Arcadia</b>.
<i>J. Burroughs.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arcadian, Arcadic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar*ca"di*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar*ca"dic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Arcadius</ets>, <ets>Arcadicus</ets>, fr. <ets>Arcadia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>Arcadien</ets>, <ets>Arcadique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Arcadia; pastoral; ideally rural; <as>as, <ex>Arcadian</ex> simplicity or scenery</as>.</def>

<h1>Arcane</h1>
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<hw>Ar*cane"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arcanus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hidden; secret.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>arcane</i> part of divine wisdom."

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<h1>Arcanum</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ca"num</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Arcana</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>arcanus</ets> closed, secret, fr. <ets>arca</ets> chest, box, fr. <ets>arcere</ets> to inclose. See <er>Ark</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A secret; a mystery; -- generally used in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>Inquiries into the <b>arcana</b> of the Godhead.
<i>Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A secret remedy; an elixir.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Arcboutant</h1>
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<hw>Arc`*bou`tant"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A flying buttress.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Arch</h1>
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<hw>Arch</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arche</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>arca</ets>, for <ets>arcus</ets>. See <er>Arc</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Any part of a curved line.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Usually a curved member made up of separate wedge-shaped solids, with the joints between them disposed in the direction of the radii of the curve; used to support the wall or other weight above an opening. In this sense arches are <i>segmental</i>, <i>round</i> (i. e., semicircular), or <i>pointed</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A flat arch is a member constructed of stones cut into wedges or other shapes so as to support each other without rising in a curve.</def>

<note>&hand; Scientifically considered, the arch is a means of spanning an opening by resolving vertical pressure into horizontal or diagonal thrust.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any place covered by an arch; an archway; <as>as, to pass into the <ex>arch</ex> of a bridge</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any curvature in the form of an arch; <as>as, the <ex>arch</ex> of the aorta</as>.</def>  "Colors of the showery <i>arch</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>Triumphal arch</col>, <cd>a monumental structure resembling an arched gateway, with one or more passages, erected to commemorate a triumph.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arch</h1>
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<hw>Arch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Arched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arching</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover with an arch or arches.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form or bend into the shape of an arch.</def>

<blockquote>The horse <b>arched</b> his neck.
<i>Charlesworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arch</h1>
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<hw>Arch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form into an arch; to curve.</def>

<-- p. 78  -->

<h1>Arch-</h1>
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<hw>Arch-</hw> <tt>(\'84rch-, except in <i>archangel</i> and one or two other words)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>arch-</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/. See <er>Arch-</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying <it>chief</it>, as in <i>arch</i>builder, <i>arch</i>fiend.</def>

<h1>Arch</h1>
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<hw>Arch</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arch-</er>, pref.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Chief; eminent; greatest; principal.</def>

<blockquote>The most <b>arch</b> act of piteous massacre.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cunning or sly; sportively mischievous; roguish; <as>as, an <ex>arch</ex> look, word, lad</as>.</def>

<blockquote>[He] spoke his request with so <b>arch</b> a leer.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arch</h1>
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<hw>Arch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arch-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>My worthy <b>arch</b> and patron comes to-night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>arch</h1>
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<hw>*arch</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ chief, commander, <?/ to rule. See <er>Arch</er>, <ets>a</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix meaning <i>a ruler</i>, as in mon<i>arch</i> (a sole ruler).</def>

<h1>Arch\'91an</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ch\'91"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ancient, fr. <?/ beginning.]</ety> <def>Ancient; pertaining to the earliest period in geological history.</def>

<h1>Arch\'91an</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ch\'91"an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The earliest period in geological period, extending up to the Lower Silurian. It includes an <i>Azoic</i> age, previous to the appearance of life, and an <i>Eozoic</i> age, including the earliest forms of life.</def>

<note>&hand; This is equivalent to the formerly accepted term <i>Azoic</i>, and to the <i>Eozoic</i> of Dawson.</note>

<h1>Arch\'91ography</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ch\'91*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ancient + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of, or a treatise on, antiquity or antiquities.</def>

<h1>Arch\'91olithic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ch\'91*o*lith"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ancient + <?/ pertaining to a stone.]</ety> <fld>(Arch\'91ol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the earliest Stone age; -- applied to a prehistoric period preceding the Paleolithic age.</def>

<h1>Arch\'91ologian</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ch\'91*o*lo"gi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An arch\'91ologist.</def>

<h1>Arch\'91ologic, Arch\'91ological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar`ch\'91*o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar`ch\'91*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <def>Relating to arch\'91ology, or antiquities; <as>as, <ex>arch\'91ological</ex> researches</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ar`*ch\'91*o*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Arch\'91ologist</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ch\'91*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in arch\'91ology; an antiquary.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Arch\'91ology</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ch\'91*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ ancient (fr. <?/ beginning) + <?/ discourse, <?/ to speak.]</ety> <def>The science or study of antiquities, esp. prehistoric antiquities, such as the remains of buildings or monuments of an early epoch, inscriptions, implements, and other relics, written manuscripts, etc.</def>

<h1>Arch\'91opteryx</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ch\'91*op"te*ryx</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ancient + <?/ wing.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil bird, of the Jurassic period, remarkable for having a long tapering tail of many vertebr\'91 with feathers along each side, and jaws armed with teeth, with other reptilian characteristics.</def>

<h1>Arch\'91ostomatous</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ch\'91*o*stom"a*tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ancient + <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Applied to a gastrula when the blastorope does not entirely up.</def>

<h1>Arch\'91ozoic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ch\'91*o*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ancient + <?/ animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or belonging to the earliest forms of animal life.</def>

<h1>Archaic</h1>
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<hw>Ar*cha"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ old-fashioned, fr. <?/ ancient.]</ety> <def>Of or characterized by antiquity or archaism; antiquated; obsolescent.</def>

<h1>Archaical</h1>
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<hw>Ar*cha"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Archaic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Ar*cha"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Archaism</h1>
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<hw>Ar"cha*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ ancient, fr. <?/ beginning: cf. F. <ets>archa\'8bsme</ets>. See <er>Arch</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ancient, antiquated, or old-fashioned, word, expression, or idiom; a word or form of speech no longer in common use.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Antiquity of style or use; obsoleteness.</def>

<blockquote>A select vocabulary corresponding (in point of <b>archaism</b> and remoteness from ordinary use) to our Scriptural vocabulary.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Archaist</h1>
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<hw>Ar"cha*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Am antiquary.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who uses archaisms.</def>

<h1>Archaistic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`cha*is"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like, or imitative of, anything archaic; pertaining to an archaism.</def>

<h1>Archaize</h1>
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<hw>Ar"cha*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Archaized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Archaizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To make appear archaic or antique.</def>

<i>Mahaffy.</i>

<h1>Archangel</h1>
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<hw>Arch`an"gel</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>archangelus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. OF. <ets>archangel</ets>, F. <ets>archange</ets>. See <er>Arch-</er>, pref., and <er>Angel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chief angel; one high in the celestial hierarchy.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A term applied to several different species of plants <spn>(Angelica archangelica, Lamium album, etc.)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Archangelic</h1>
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<hw>Arch`an*gel"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>archang\'82lique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to archangels; of the nature of, or resembling, an archangel.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Archbishop</h1>
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<hw>Arch`bish"op</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>arcebisceop</ets>, <ets>arcebiscop</ets>, L. <ets>archiepiscopus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Bishop</er>.]</ety> <def>A chief bishop; a church dignitary of the first class (often called a metropolitan or primate) who superintends the conduct of the suffragan bishops in his province, and also exercises episcopal authority in his own diocese.</def>

<h1>Archbishopric</h1>
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<hw>Arch`bish"op*ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>arcebiscopr\'c6ce</ets>. See <er>-ric</er>.]</ety> <def>The jurisdiction or office of an archbishop; the see or province over which archbishop exercises archiepiscopal authority.</def>

<h1>Arch brick</h1>
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<hw>Arch" brick`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A wedge-shaped brick used in the building of an arch.</def>

<h1>Archbutler</h1>
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<hw>Arch`but"ler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>butler</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chief butler; -- an officer of the German empire.</def>

<h1>Archchamberlain</h1>
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<hw>Arch`cham"ber*lain</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>erzk\'84mmerer</ets>. See <er>Arch-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chief chamberlain; -- an officer of the old German empire, whose office was similar to that of the great chamberlain in England.</def>

<h1>Archchancellor</h1>
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<hw>Arch`chan"cel*lor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Ger. <ets>erzkanzler</ets>. See <er>Arch-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chief chancellor; -- an officer in the old German empire, who presided over the secretaries of the court.</def>

<h1>Archchemic</h1>
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<hw>Arch`chem"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of supreme chemical powers.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>archchemic</i> sun."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Archdeacon</h1>
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<hw>Arch`dea"con</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>arcediacon</ets>, <ets>archidiacon</ets>, L. <ets>archidiaconus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Arch-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>., <ets>and</ets> <er>Deacon</er>.]</ety> <def>In England, an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a bishop, whom he assists, and by whom he is appointed, though with independent authority.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Archdeaconry</h1>
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<hw>Arch`dea"con*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The district, office, or residence of an archdeacon. See <er>Benefice</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Every diocese is divided into <b>archdeaconries</b>.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Archdeaconship</h1>
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<hw>Arch`dea"con*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of an archdeacon.</def>

<h1>Archdiocese</h1>
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<hw>Arch`di"o*cese</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>diocese</ets>.]</ety> <def>The diocese of an archbishop.</def>

<h1>Archducal</h1>
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<hw>Arch`du"cal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an archduke or archduchy.</def>

<h1>Archduchess</h1>
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<hw>Arch`duch"ess</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>duchess</ets>.]</ety> <def>The consort of an archduke; also, a princess of the imperial family of Austria. See <er>Archduke</er>.</def>

<h1>Archduchy</h1>
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<hw>Arch`duch"y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The territory of an archduke or archduchess.</def>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Archduke</h1>
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<hw>Arch`duke"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>duke</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prince of the imperial family of Austria.</def>

<note>&hand; Formerly this title was assumed by the rulers of Lorraine, Brabant, Austria, etc. It is now appropriated to the descendants of the imperial family of Austria through the make line, all such male descendants being styled <i>archduke</i>, and all such female descendants <i>archduchesses</i>.</note>

<h1>Archdukedom</h1>
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<hw>Arch`duke"dom</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An archduchy.</def>

<h1>Archebiosis</h1>
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<hw>Ar`che*bi*o"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arche- <?/ archi-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, life.]</ety> <def>To origination of living matter from non-living. See <er>Abiogenesis</er>.</def>

<i>Bastian.</i>

<h1>Arched</h1>
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<hw>Arched</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made with an arch or curve; covered with an arch; <as>as, an <ex>arched</ex> door</as>.</def>

<h1>Archegonial</h1>
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<hw>Ar`che*go"ni*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the archegonium.</def>

<h1>Archegonium</h1>
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<hw>Ar`che*go"ni*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the first of a race.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pistillidium or female organ in the higher cryptogamic plants, corresponding to the pistil in flowering plants.</def>

<h1>Archegony</h1>
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<hw>Ar*cheg"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Archegonium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Spontaneous generation; abiogenesis.</def>

<h1>Archelogy</h1>
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<hw>Ar*chel"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an element or first principle + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of, or a treatise on, first principles.</def>

<i>Fleming.</i>

<h1>Archencephala</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chen*ceph"a*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. pref. <?/ + <?/ the brain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division that includes man alone.</def>

<i>R. Owen.</i>

<h1>Archenemy</h1>
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<hw>Arch`en"e*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>enemy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A principal enemy. Specifically, Satan, the grand adversary of mankind.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Archenteric</h1>
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<hw>Arch`en*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to the archenteron; <as>as, <ex>archenteric</ex> invagination</as>.</def>

<h1>Archenteron</h1>
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<hw>Arch`en"ter*on</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + Gr. <?/ intestine.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The primitive enteron or undifferentiated digestive sac of a gastrula or other embryo. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Invagination</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Archeology, n., Archeological</h1>
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<hw>Ar`che*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Ar`che*o*log`ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> </mhw> <def>Same as <er>Arch\'91ology</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Archer</h1>
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<hw>Arch"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>archier</ets>, F. <ets>archer</ets>, LL. <ets>arcarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arcus</ets> bow. See <er>Arc</er>, <er>Arch</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A bowman, one skilled in the use of the bow and arrow.</def>

<h1>Archeress</h1>
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<hw>Arch"er*ess</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female archer.</def>

<i>Markham.</i>

<h1>Archer fish</h1>
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<hw>Arch"er fish`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fish <spn>(Toxotes jaculator)</spn>, of the East Indies; -- so called from its ejecting drops of water from its mouth at its prey. The name is also applied to <spn>Ch\'91todon rostratus</spn>.</def>

<h1>Archership</h1>
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<hw>Arch"er*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or skill of an archer.</def>

<h1>Archery</h1>
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<hw>Arch"er*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>archerie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The use of the bow and arrows in battle, hunting, etc.; the art, practice, or skill of shooting with a bow and arrows.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Archers, or bowmen, collectively.</def>

<blockquote>Let all our <b>archery</b> fall off
In wings of shot a-both sides of the van.
<i>Webster (1607).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arches</h1>
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<hw>Arch"es</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <def>pl. of <er>Arch</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Court of arches</col>, or <col>Arches Court</col></mcol> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>the court of appeal of the Archbishop of Canterbury, whereof the judge, who sits as deputy to the archbishop, is called the Dean of the <i>Arches<i>, because he anciently held his court in the church of St. Mary-<i>le-Bow (de arcubus)</i>. It is now held in Westminster.</cd></cs>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Archetypal</h1>
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<hw>Ar"che*ty`pal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an archetype; consisting a model (real or ideal) or pattern; original.</def> "One <i>archetypal</i> mind."

<i>Gudworth.</i>

<note>&hand; Among Platonists, the <i>archetypal world</i> is the world as it existed as an idea of God before the creation.</note>

<h1>Archetypally</h1>
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<hw>Ar"che*ty`pal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With reference to the archetype; originally. "Parts <i>archetypally</i> distinct."</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Archetype</h1>
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<hw>Ar"che*type</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>archetypum</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ stamped first and as model; <?/ <?/ + <?/ stamp, figure, pattern, <?/ to strike: cf. F. <ets>arch\'82type</ets>. See <er>Arch-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The original pattern or model of a work; or the model from which a thing is made or formed.</def>

<blockquote>The House of Commons, the <b>archetype</b> of all the representative assemblies which now meet.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Types and shadows of that glorious <b>archetype</b> that was to come into the world.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Coinage)</fld> <def>The standard weight or coin by which others are adjusted.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The plan or fundamental structure on which a natural group of animals or plants or their systems of organs are assumed to have been constructed; <as>as, the vertebrate <ex>archetype</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Archetypical</h1>
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<hw>Ar`che*typ"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to an archetype; archetypal.</def>

<h1>Archeus</h1>
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<hw>Ar*che"us</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>arch<?/us</ets>, Gr. <?/ ancient, primeval, fr. <?/ beginning. See <er>Archi-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <def>The vital principle or force which (according to the Paracelsians) presides over the growth and continuation of living beings; the <i>anima mundi</i> or plastic power of the old philosophers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Archi-</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chi-</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L., <ets>archi-</ets>, Gr. <?/, a prefix which is from the same root as <?/ to be first, to begin; <?/ the first place, beginning; <?/ chief. Cf. AS. <ets>arce-</ets>, <ets>erce-</ets>, OHG. <ets>erzi</ets>-.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying <i>chief</i>, <i>arch</i>; <as>as, <ex>archi</ex>tect, <ex>archi</ex>episcopal</as>. In <i>Biol</i>. and <i>Anat</i>. it usually means <i>primitive</i>, <i>original</i>, <i>ancestral</i>; <as>as, <ex>archi</ex>pterygium, the primitive fin or wing</as>.</def>

<h1>Archiannelida</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*an*nel"i*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.; pref. <ets>archi-</ets> + <ets>annelida</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Annelida remarkable for having no external segments or distinct ventral nerve ganglions.</def>

<h1>Archiater</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chi*a`ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>archiatrus</ets>, Gr. <?/; pref. <?/ + <?/ physician, <?/ to heal.]</ety> <def>Chief physician; -- a term applied, on the continent of Europe, to the first or body physician of princes and to the first physician of some cities.</def>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Archiblastula</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*blas"tu*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>archi + blastula</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A hollow blastula, supposed to be the primitive form; a c<?/loblastula.</def>

<h1>Archical</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chi*cal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ able to govern, fr. <?/ beginning, government. See <er>Arch-</er>, <tt>pref.</tt>]</ety> <def>Chief; primary; primordial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Archidiaconal</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*di*ac"o*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>archidiaconus</ets>, Gr. <?/, equiv. to E. <ets>archdeacon</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an archdeacon.</def>

<blockquote>This offense is liable to be censured in an <b>archidiaconal</b> visitation.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Archiepiscopacy</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pa*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>archi-</ets> + <ets>episcopacy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That form of episcopacy in which the chief power is in the hands of archbishops.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state or dignity of an archbishop.</def>

<h1>Archiepiscopal</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>archi-</ets> + <ets>episcopal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an archbishop; <as>as, Canterbury is an <ex>archiepiscopal</ex> see</as>.</def>

<h1>Archiepiscopality</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*e*pis`co*pal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The station or dignity of an archbishop; archiepiscopacy.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Archiepiscopate</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>archi-</ets> + <ets>episcopate</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office of an archbishop; an archbishopric.</def>

<h1>Archierey</h1>
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<hw>Ar*chi"e*rey</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>archier\'82i</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; pref. <?/ (E. <ets>arch-</ets>) + \'b5 priest.]</ety> <def>The higher order of clergy in Russia, including metropolitans, archbishops, and bishops.</def>

<i>Pinkerton.</i>

<h1>Archil</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chil</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>orchel</ets>, <ets>orcheil</ets>, It. <ets>orcella</ets>, <ets>oricello</ets>, or OSp. <ets>orchillo</ets>. Cf. <er>Orchil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A violet dye obtained from several species of lichen <spn>(Roccella tinctoria, etc.)</spn>, which grow on maritime rocks in the Canary and Cape Verd Islands, etc.</def>

<i>Tomlinson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The plant from which the dye is obtained.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>orchal</asp> and <asp>orchil</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Archilochian</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*lo"chi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Archilochius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the satiric Greek poet Archilochus; <as>as, <ex>Archilochian</ex> meter</as>.</def>

<h1>Archimage, Archimagus</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar"chi*mage</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar`chi*ma"gus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.; pref. <ets>archi-</ets> + L. <ets>magus</ets>, Gr. <?/, a Magian.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The high priest of the Persian Magi, or worshipers of fire.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A great magician, wizard, or enchanter.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Archimandrite</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*man"drite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>archimandrita</ets>, LGr. <?/; pref. <?/ (E. <ets>arch-</ets>) + <?/ an inclosed space, esp. for cattle, a fold, a monastery.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Church)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A chief of a monastery, corresponding to <i>abbot</i> in the Roman Catholic church.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A superintendent of several monasteries, corresponding to <i>superior abbot</i>, or <i>father provincial</i>, in the Roman Catholic church.</def>

<h1>Archimedean</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*me*de"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Archimedeus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Archimedes, a celebrated Greek philosopher; constructed on the principle of Archimedes' screw; <as>as, <ex>Archimedean</ex> drill, propeller, etc.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Archimedean screw</col>, or <col>Archimedes' screw</col></mcol>, <cd>an instrument, said to have been invented by Archimedes, for raising water, formed by winding a flexible tube round a cylinder in the form of a screw. When the screw is placed in an inclined position, and the lower end immersed in water, by causing the screw to revolve, the water is raised to the upper end.</cd></cs>

<i>Francis.</i>

<h1>Archimedes</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*me"des</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of Bryzoa characteristic of the subcarboniferous rocks. Its form is that of a screw.</def>

<h1>Arching</h1>
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<hw>Arch"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The arched part of a structure.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Hogging; -- opposed to <i>sagging</i>.</def>

<h1>Archipelagic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*pe*lag"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an archipelago.</def>

<h1>Archipelago</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*pel"a*go</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-goes</plw> or <plw>-gos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It. <ets>arcipelago</ets>, properly, chief sea; Gr. pref <?/ + <?/ sea, perh. akin to <?/ blow, and expressing the beating of the waves. See <er>Plague</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The Grecian Archipelago, or \'92gean Sea, separating Greece from Asia Minor. It is studded with a vast number of small islands.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Any sea or broad sheet of water interspersed with many islands or with a group of islands.</def>

<-- p. 79  -->

<h1>Archipterygium</h1>
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<hw>Ar*chip`te*ryg"i*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. pref. <?/ (E. <ets>arch-</ets>) + <?/ wing, fin.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The primitive form of fin, like that of Ceratodus.</def>

<h1>Architect</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chi*tect</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>architectus</ets>, <ets>architecton</ets>, Gr. <?/ chief artificer, master builder; pref. <?/ (E. <ets>archi-</ets>) + <?/ workman, akin to <?/ art, skill, <?/ to produce: cf. F. <ets>architecte</ets>, It. <ets>architetto</ets>. See <er>Technical</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person skilled in the art of building; one who understands architecture, or makes it his occupation to form plans and designs of buildings, and to superintend the artificers employed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A contriver, designer, or maker.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>architects</b> of their own happiness.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A French woman is a perfect <b>architect</b> in dress.
<i>Coldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Architective</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*tec"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Used in building; proper for building.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Architectonic, Architectonical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>architectonicus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Architect</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to a master builder, or to architecture; evincing skill in designing or construction; constructive.</def> "<i>Architectonic</i> wisdom."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<blockquote>These <b>architectonic</b> functions which we had hitherto thought belonged.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating to the systemizing of knowledge.</def>

<h1>Architectonic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>architectonique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science of architecture.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of arranging knowledge into a system.</def>

<h1>Architectonics</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*tec*ton"ics</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of architecture.</def>

<h1>Architector</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chi*tec`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An architect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>North.</i>

<h1>Architectress</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chi*tec`tress</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female architect.</def>

<h1>Architectural</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*tec"tur*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the art of building; conformed to the rules of architecture.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ar`chi*tec"tur*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Architecture</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chi*tec`ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>architectura</ets>, fr. <ets>architectus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>architecture</ets>. See <er>Architect</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or science of building; especially, the art of building houses, churches, bridges, and other structures, for the purposes of civil life; -- often called <i>civil architecture</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Many other <b>architectures</b> besides Gothic.
<i>Ruskin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Construction, in a more general sense; frame or structure; workmanship.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>architecture</b> of grasses, plants, and trees.
<i>Tyndall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The formation of the first earth being a piece of divine <b>architecture</b>.
<i>Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Military architecture</col>, <cd>the art of fortifications.</cd> -- <col>Naval architecture</col>, <cd>the art of building ships.</cd></cs>

<h1>Architeuthis</h1>
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<hw>Ar`chi*teu"this</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. pref. <?/ + <?/, <?/, a kind of squid.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of gigantic cephalopods, allied to the squids, found esp. in the North Atlantic and about New Zealand.</def>

<h1>Architrave</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chi*trave</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>architrave</ets>, fr. It. <ets>architrave</ets>; pref. <ets>archi-</ets> + <ets>trave</ets> beam, L. <ets>trabs</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The lower division of an entablature, or that part which rests immediately on the column, esp. in classical architecture. See <er>Column</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The group of moldings, or other architectural member, above and on both sides of a door or other opening, especially if square in form.</def>

<h1>Architraved</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chi*traved</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with an architrave.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Archival</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chi*val</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or contained in, archives or records.</def>

<i>Tooke.</i>

<h1>Archive</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Archives</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>archives</ets>, pl., L. <ets>archivum</ets>, <ets>archium</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ government house, <?/ <?/ archives, fr. <?/ the first place, government. See <er>Archi-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <plu>pl</plu>. <def>The place in which public records or historic documents are kept.</def>

<blockquote>Our words . . . . become records in God's court, and are laid up in his <b>archives</b> as witnesses.
<i>Gov. of Tongue.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Public records or documents preserved as evidence of facts; <as>as, the <ex>archives</ex> of a country or family</as>.</def>

<mark>[Rarely used in <i>sing</i>.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some rotten <b>archive</b>, rummaged out of some seldom explored press.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Registers; records; chronicles.</syn>

<h1>Archivist</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chi*vist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>archiviste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A keeper of archives or records.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Archivolt</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chi*volt</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>archivolte</ets>, fr. It. <ets>archivolto</ets>; pref. <ets>archi-</ets> + <ets>volto</ets> vault, arch. See <er>Vault</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The architectural member surrounding the curved opening of an arch, corresponding to the architrave in the case of a square opening.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>More commonly, the molding or other ornaments with which the wall face of the voussoirs of an arch is charged.</def>

<h1>Archlute, Archilute</h1>
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<hw><hw>Arch"lute</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Arch"i*lute</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>archiluth</ets>, It. <ets>arciliuto</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A large theorbo, or double-necked lute, formerly in use, having the bass strings doubled with an octave, and the higher strings with a unison.</def>

<h1>Archly</h1>
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<hw>Arch"ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an arch manner; with attractive slyness or roguishness; slyly; waggishly.</def>

<blockquote><b>Archly</b> the maiden smiled.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Archmarshal</h1>
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<hw>Arch`mar"shal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>erzmarschall</ets>. See <er>Arch-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <def>The grand marshal of the old German empire, a dignity that to the Elector of Saxony.</def>

<h1>Archness</h1>
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<hw>Arch"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being arch; cleverness; sly humor free from malice; waggishness.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Archon</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>archon</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, ruler, chief magistrate, p. pr. of <?/ to be first, to rule.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>One of the chief magistrates in ancient Athens, especially, by pre\'89minence, the first of the nine chief magistrates.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ar*chon"tic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Archonship</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chon*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of an archon.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Archontate</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chon*tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>archontat</ets>.]</ety> <def>An archon's term of office.</def>

<i>Gibbon.</i>

<h1>Archonts</h1>
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<hw>Ar"chonts</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>pr</ets>. See <er>Archon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The group including man alone.</def>

<h1>Archprelate</h1>
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<hw>Arch`prel"ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>prelate</ets>.]</ety> <def>An archbishop or other chief prelate.</def>

<h1>Archpresbyter</h1>
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<hw>Arch`pres"by*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Archpriest</er>.</def>

<h1>Archpresbytery</h1>
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<hw>Arch`pres"by*ter*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>presbutery</ets>.]</ety> <def>The absolute dominion of presbytery.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Archpriest</h1>
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<hw>Arch`priest"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chief priest; also, a kind of vicar, or a rural dean.</def>

<h1>Archprimate</h1>
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<hw>Arch`pri"mate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>primate</ets>.]</ety> <def>The chief primate.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Arch stone</h1>
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<hw>Arch" stone`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A wedge-shaped stone used in an arch; a voussoir.</def>

<h1>Archtraitor</h1>
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<hw>Arch`trai"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>traitor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chief or transcendent traitor.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<h1>Archtreasurer</h1>
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<hw>Arch`treas"ur*er</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>treasurer</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chief treasurer. Specifically, the great treasurer of the German empire.</def>

<h1>Archway</h1>
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<hw>Arch"way</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A way or passage under an arch.</def>

<h1>Archwife</h1>
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<hw>Arch`wife"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>wife</ets>.]</ety> <def>A big, masculine wife.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Archwise</h1>
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<hw>Arch"wise</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Arch-shaped.</def>

<h1>Archy</h1>
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<hw>Arch"y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Arched; <as>as, <ex>archy</ex> brows</as>.</def>

<h1>archy</h1>
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<hw>*ar"chy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ chief. See <er>Arch-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix properly meaning <i>a rule</i>, <i>ruling</i>, as in mon<i>archy</i>, the rule of one only. Cf. <er>-arch</er>.</def>

<h1>Arciform</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ci*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arcus</ets> bow + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of an arch; curved.</def>

<h1>Arcograph</h1>
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<hw>Arc"o*graph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arcus</ets> (E. <ets>arc</ets>) + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for drawing a circular arc without the use of a central point; a cyclograph.</def>

<h1>Arctation</h1>
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<hw>Arc*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arctus</ets> shut in, narrow, p. p. of <ets>arcere</ets> to shut in: cf. F. <ets>arctation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Constriction or contraction of some natural passage, as in constipation from inflammation.</def>

<h1>Arctic</h1>
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<hw>Arc"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>artik</ets>, OF. <ets>artique</ets>, F. <ets>arctique</ets>, L. <ets>arcticus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a bear, also a northern constellation so called; akin to L. <ets>ursus</ets> bear, Skr. <?/ksha.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or situated under, the northern constellation called the <i>Bear</i>; northern; frigid; <as>as, the <ex>arctic</ex> pole, circle, region, ocean; an <ex>arctic</ex> expedition, night, temperature.</as></def>

<note>&hand; The <i>arctic</i> circle is a lesser circle, parallel to the equator, 23&deg; 28\'b7  from the north pole. This and the <it>antarctic</it> circle are called the <it>polar circles</it>, and between these and the poles lie the frigid zones. See <er>Zone</er>.</note>

<h1>Arctic</h1>
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<hw>Arc"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The arctic circle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A warm waterproof overshoe.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Arctisca</h1>
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<hw>Arc*tis"ca</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Arachnida. See <i>Illust</i>. in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Arctogeal</h1>
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<hw>Arc`to*ge"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the north + <?/, <?/, country.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to arctic lands; <as>as, the <ex>arctogeal</ex> fauna</as>.</def>

<h1>Arctoidea</h1>
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<hw>Arc*toid"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ bear + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of the Carnivora, that includes the bears, weasels, etc.</def>

<h1>Arcturus</h1>
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<hw>Arc*tu"rus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Arcturus</ets>, Gr. <?/ bearward, equiv. to <?/; <?/ bear + <?/ ward, guard. See <er>Arctic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A fixed star of the first magnitude in the constellation Bo\'94tes.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Arcturus</i> has sometimes been incorrectly used as the name of the constellation, or even of Ursa Major.</note>

<blockquote>Canst thou guide <b>Arcturus</b> with his sons [Rev. Ver.: "the Bear with her train"].
<i>Job xxxviii. 32.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arcual</h1>
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<hw>Arc"u*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an arc.</def>

<cs><col>Arcual measure of an angle</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>that in which the unit angle has its measuring arc equal to the radius of the circle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arcuate, Arcuated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Arc"u*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Arc"u*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>(#),<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arcuatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>arcuare</ets> to shape like a bow, fr. <ets>arcus</ets>. See <er>Arc</er>.]</ety> <def>Bent or curved in the form of a bow.</def>  "<i>Arcuate</i> stalks."

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Arcuately</h1>
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<hw>Arc"u*ate*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the form of a bow.</def>

<h1>Arcuation</h1>
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<hw>Arc`u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arcuatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of bending or curving; incurvation; the state of being bent; crookedness.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>A mode of propagating trees by bending branches to the ground, and covering the small shoots with earth; layering.</def>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Arcubalist</h1>
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<hw>Ar"cu*ba*list</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arbalist</er>.]</ety> <def>A crossbow.</def>

<i>Fosbroke.</i>

<h1>Arcubalister</h1>
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<hw>Ar`cu*bal"ist*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arcuballistarius</ets>. Cf. <er>Arbalister</er>.]</ety> <def>A crossbowman; one who used the arcubalist.</def>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Arcubus</h1>
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<hw>Ar"cu*bus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Arquebus</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<mhw><h1>-ard, -art</h1>
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<hw>-ard</hw>, <hw>-art</hw></mhw>. <def>The termination of many English words; <as>as, <ex>cow</ex>ard, reyn<ex>ard</ex>, drunk<ex>ard</ex>, mostly from the French, in which language this ending is of German origin, being orig. the same word as English <i>hard</i>.</as> It usually has the sense of <i>one who has to a high or excessive degree the quality expressed by the root</i>; <as>as, bragg<ex>art</ex>, slugg<ex>ard</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Ardassine</h1>
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<hw>Ar*das"sine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. (cf. Sp. <ets>ardacina</ets>), fr. <ets>ardasse</ets> a kind of silk thread, fr. Ar. & Per. <ets>ardan</ets> a kind of raw silk.]</ety> <def>A very fine sort of Persian silk.</def>

<h1>Ardency</h1>
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<hw>Ar"den*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Heat.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Warmth of passion or affection; ardor; vehemence; eagerness; <as>as, the <ex>ardency</ex> of love or zeal</as>.</def>

<h1>Ardent</h1>
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<hw>Ar"dent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ardaunt</ets>, F. <ets>ardant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>arder</ets> to burn, fr. L. <ets>ardere</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hot or burning; causing a sensation of burning; fiery; <as>as, <ex>ardent</ex> spirits, that is, distilled liquors; an <ex>ardent</ex> fever.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the appearance or quality of fire; fierce; glowing; shining; <as>as, <ex>ardent</ex> eyes</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Warm, applied to the passions and affections; passionate; fervent; zealous; vehement; <as>as, <ex>ardent</ex> love, feelings, zeal, hope, temper</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>ardent</b> and impetuous race.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Burning; hot; fiery; glowing; intense; fierce; vehement; eager; zealous; keen; fervid; fervent; passionate; affectionate.</syn>

<h1>Ardently</h1>
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<hw>Ar"dent*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ardent manner; eagerly; with warmth; affectionately; passionately.</def>

<h1>Ardentness</h1>
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<hw>Ar"dent*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ardency.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ardor</h1>
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<hw>Ar"dor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ardor</ets>, fr. <ets>ardere</ets> to burn: cf. OF. <ets>ardor</ets>, <ets>ardur</ets>, F. <ets>ardeur</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>ardour</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Heat, in a literal sense; <as>as, the <ex>ardor</ex> of the sun's rays</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Warmth or heat of passion or affection; eagerness; zeal; <as>as, he pursues study with <ex>ardor</ex>; the fought with <ex>ardor</ex>; martial <ex>ardor</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <def>Bright and effulgent spirits; seraphim. [Thus used by Milton.]</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Fervor; warmth; eagerness. See <er>Fervor</er>.</syn>

<h1>Arduous</h1>
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<hw>Ar"du*ous</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arduus</ets> steep, high; akin to Ir. <ets>ard</ets> high, height.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Steep and lofty, in a literal sense; hard to climb.</def>

<blockquote>Those <b>arduous</b> pats they trod.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attended with great labor, like the ascending of acclivities; difficult; laborious; <as>as, an <ex>arduous</ex> employment, task, or enterprise</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Difficult; trying; laborious; painful; exhausting.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Arduous</er>, <er>Hard</er>, <er>Difficult</er>. <i>Hard</i> is simpler, blunter, and more general in sense than <i>difficult</i>; <as>as, a <ex>hard</ex> duty to perform, <ex>hard</ex> work, a <ex>hard</ex> task, one which requires much bodily effort and perseverance to do</as>. <i>Difficult</i> commonly implies more skill and sagacity than <i>hard</i>, as when there is disproportion between the means and the end. A work may be <i>hard</i> but not <i>difficult</i>. We call a thing <i>arduous</i> when it requires strenuous and persevering exertion, like that of one who is climbing a precipice; <as>as, an <ex>arduous</ex> task, an <ex>arduous</ex> duty</as>. "It is often <i>difficult</i> to control our feelings; it is still <i>harder</i> to subdue our will; but it is an <i>arduous</i> undertaking to control the unruly and contending will of others."</usage>

<h1>Arduously</h1>
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<hw>Ar"du*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an arduous manner; with difficulty or laboriousness.</def>

<h1>Arduousness</h1>
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<hw>Ar"du*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being arduous; difficulty of execution.</def>

<h1>Ardurous</h1>
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<hw>Ar"du*rous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Burning; ardent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lo! further on,
Where flames the <b>arduous</b> Spirit of Isidore.
<i>Cary.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Are</h1>
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<hw>Are</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[AS. (Northumbrian) <ets>aron</ets>, akin to the 1st pers. pl. forms, Icel. <ets>erum</ets>, Goth. <ets>sijum</ets>, L. <ets>sumus</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>smas</ets>; all from a root <ets>as</ets>. <?/ See <er>Am</er> and <er>Is</er>, and cf. <er>Be</er>.]</ety> <def>The present indicative plural of the substantive verb to <i>be</i>; but etymologically a different word from <i>be</i>, or <i>was</i>. <i>Am</i>, <i>art</i>, <i>are</i>, and <i>is</i>, all come from the root <i>as</i>.</def>

<h1>Are</h1>
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<hw>Are</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>area</ets>. See <er>Area</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Metric system)</fld> <def>The unit of superficial measure, being a square of which each side is ten meters in length; 100 square meters, or about 119.6 square yards.</def>

<h1>Area</h1>
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<hw>A"re*a</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Areas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> </plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>area</ets> a broad piece of level gro<?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Are</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any plane surface, as of the floor of a room or church, or of the ground within an inclosure; an open space in a building.</def>

<blockquote>The Alban lake . . . looks like the <b>area</b> of some vast amphitheater.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The inclosed space on which a building stands.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The sunken space or court, giving ingress and affording light to the basement of a building.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An extent of surface; a tract of the earth's surface; a region; <as>as, vast uncultivated <ex>areas</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The superficial contents of any figure; the surface included within any given lines; superficial extent; <as>as, the <ex>area</ex> of a square or a triangle</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A spot or small marked space; <as>as, the germinative <ex>area</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Extent; scope; range; <as>as, a wide <ex>area</ex> of thought</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The largest <b>area</b> of human history and man's common nature.
<i>F. Harrison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Dry area</col>. <cd>See under <er>Dry</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aread, Areed</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*read"</hw>, <hw>A*reed"</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>areden</ets>, AS. <ets>\'ber<?/dan</ets> to interpret. See <er>Read</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To tell, declare, explain, or interpret; to divine; to guess; <as>as, to <ex>aread</ex> a riddle or a dream</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Therefore more plain <b>aread</b> this doubtful case.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To read.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To counsel, advise, warn, or direct.</def>

<blockquote>But mark what I <b>aread</b> thee now. Avaunt!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To decree; to adjudge.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<h1>Areal</h1>
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<hw>A"re*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>arealis</ets>, fr. <ets>area</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an area; <as>as, <ex>areal</ex> interstices (the areas or spaces inclosed by the reticulate vessels of leaves)</as>.</def>

<h1>Arear</h1>
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<hw>A*rear"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'ber<?/ran</ets>. See <er>Rear</er>.]</ety> <def>To raise; to set up; to stir up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Arear</h1>
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<hw>A*rear"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arrear</er>, <ets>adv</ets>.]</ety> <def>Backward; in or to the rear; behindhand.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Areca</h1>
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<hw>A*re"ca</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Canarese <ets>adiki</ets>: cf. Pg. & Sp. <ets>areca</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of palms, one species of which produces the areca nut, or betel nut, which is chewed in India with the leaf of the <spn>Piper Betle</spn> and lime.</def>

<h1>Areek</h1>
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<hw>A*reek"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>reek</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a reeking condition.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Arefaction</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arefacere</ets> to dry.]</ety> <def>The act of drying, or the state of growing dry.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>arefaction</b> of the earth.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arefy</h1>
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<hw>Ar"e*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arere</ets> to be dry + <ets>-fly</ets>.]</ety> <def>To dry, or make dry.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Arena</h1>
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<hw>A*re"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Arenas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>; L. <plw>Aren\'91</plw></plu> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>arena</ets>, <ets>harena</ets>, sand, a sandy place.] <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The area in the central part of an amphitheater, in which the gladiators fought and other shows were exhibited; -- so called because it was covered with sand.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any place of public contest or exertion; any sphere of action; <as>as, the <ex>arena</ex>of debate; the <ex>arena</ex> of life.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>"Sand" or "gravel" in the kidneys.</def>

<h1>Arenaceous</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arenaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>arena</ets> sand.]</ety> <def>Sandy or consisting largely of sand; of the nature of sand; easily disintegrating into sand; friable; <as>as, <ex>arenaceous</ex> limestone</as>.</def>

<h1>Arenarious</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*na"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arenarius</ets>, fr. <ets>arena</ets> sand.]</ety> <def>Sandy; <as>as, <ex>arenarious</ex> soil</as>.</def>

<-- p. 80  -->

<h1>Arenation</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arenatio</ets>, fr. <ets>arena</ets> sand.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A sand bath; application of hot sand to the body.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Arendator</h1>
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<hw>Ar`en*da"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>arendator</ets>, <ets>arrendator</ets>, fr. <ets>arendare</ets>, <ets>arrendare</ets>, to pay rent, fr. <ets>arenda</ets> yearly rent; <ets>ad + renda</ets>, F. <ets>rente</ets>, E. <ets>rent</ets>. Cf. <er>Arrentation</er> and <er>Rent</er>.]</ety> <def>In some provinces of Russia, one who farms the rents or revenues.</def>

<note>&hand; A person who rents an estate belonging to the crown is called <i>crown arendator</i>.</note>

<i>Tooke.</i>

<mhw><h1>Areng, Arenga</h1>
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<hw>A*reng"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*ren"ga</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malayan.]</ety> <def>A palm tree (<spn>Saguerus saccharifer</spn>) which furnishes sago, wine, and fibers for ropes; the gomuti palm.</def>

<h1>Arenicolite</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*nic"o*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arena</ets> sand + <ets>colere</ets> to cherish or live.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An ancient wormhole in sand, preserved in the rocks.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Arenilitic</h1>
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<hw>A*ren`i*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arena</ets> sand + Gr. <?/ stone.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to sandstone; <as>as, <ex>arenilitic</ex> mountains</as>.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<h1>Arenose</h1>
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<hw>Ar"e*nose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arenosus</ets>, fr. <ets>arena</ets> sand.]</ety> <def>Sandy; full of sand.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Arenulous</h1>
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<hw>A*ren"u*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arenula</ets> fine sand, dim. of <ets>arena</ets>.]</ety> <def>Full of fine sand; like sand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Areola</h1>
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<hw>A*re"o*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Areol\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>areola</ets>, dim. of <ets>area</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ar\'82ole</ets>. See <er>Area</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An interstice or small space, as between the cracks of the surface in certain crustaceous lichens; or as between the fibers composing organs or vessels that interlace; or as between the nervures of an insect's wing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat. & Med.)</fld> <def>The colored ring around the nipple, or around a vesicle or pustule.</def>

<h1>Areolar</h1>
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<hw>A*re"o*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or like, an areola; filled with interstices or areol\'91.</def>

<cs><col>reolar tissue</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a form of fibrous connective tissue in which the fibers are loosely arranged with numerous spaces, or areol\'91, between them.</cd></cs>

<h1>Areolate, Areolated</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*re"o*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*re"o*la*ted</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>areola</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ar\'82ole</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divided into small spaces or areolations, as the wings of insects, the leaves of plants, or the receptacle of compound flowers.</def>

<h1>Areolation</h1>
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<hw>A`re*o*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Division into areol\'91.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any small space, bounded by some part different in color or structure, as the spaces bounded by the nervures of the wings of insects, or those by the veins of leaves; an areola.</def>

<h1>Areole</h1>
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<hw>A"re*ole</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Areola</er>.</def>

<h1>Areolet</h1>
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<hw>A*re"o*let</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of L. <ets>areola</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small inclosed area; esp. one of the small spaces on the wings of insects, circumscribed by the veins.</def>

<h1>Areometer</h1>
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<hw>A`re*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ <?/<?/in, rare + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ar\'82om\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the specific gravity of fluids; a form hydrometer.</def>

<h1>Areometric, Areometrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>A`re*o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A`re*o*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or measured by, an areometer.</def>

<h1>Areometry</h1>
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<hw>A`re*om"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thin, rare + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or process of measuring the specific gravity of fluids.</def>

<h1>Areopagist</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*op"a*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Areopagite</er>.</def>

<h1>Areopagite</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*op"a*gite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Areopagites</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A member of the Areopagus.</def>

<i>Acts xvii. 34.</i>

<h1>Areopagitic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*op`a*git"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Areopagiticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the Areopagus.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Areopagus</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*op"a*gus</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, and <?/ <?/, hill of Ares (Mars' Hill).]</ety> <def>The highest judicial court at Athens. Its sessions were held on Mars' Hill. Hence, any high court or tribunal</def>

<h1>Areostyle</h1>
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<hw>A*re"o*style</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Intercolumniation</er>, and <er>Ar\'91ostyle</er>.</def>

<h1>Areosystyle</h1>
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<hw>A*re`o*sys"tyle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Intercolumniation</er>, and <er>Ar\'91osystyle</er>.</def>

<h1>Arere</h1>
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<hw>A*rere"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Arear</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ellis.</i>

<h1>Arest</h1>
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<hw>A*rest"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A support for the spear when couched for the attack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aret</h1>
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<hw>A*ret"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aretten</ets>, OF. <ets>areter</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>reter</ets>, L. <ets>reputare</ets>. See <er>Repute</er>.]</ety> <def>To reckon; to ascribe; to impute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aretaics</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*ta"ics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ virtue.]</ety> <def>The ethical theory which excludes all relations between virtue and happiness; the science of virtue; -- contrasted with <i>eudemonics</i>.</def>

<i>J. Grote.</i>

<h1>Aretology</h1>
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<hw>Ar`e*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ virtue + <?/ discourse, <?/ to speak: cf. F. <ets>ar\'82tologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of moral philosophy which treats of virtue, its nature, and the means of attaining to it.</def>

<h1>Arew</h1>
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<hw>A*rew"</hw>. <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arow</er>, <er>Row</er>.]</ety> <def>In a row.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "All her teeth <i>arew</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Argal</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Crude tartar. See <er>Argol</er>.</def>

<h1>Argal</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gal</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>A ludicrous corruption of the Latin word <i>ergo</i>, therefore.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Argal, Argali</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar"gal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar"ga*li</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Mongolian.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of wild sheep (<spn>Ovis ammon</spn>, or <spn>O. argali</spn>), remarkable for its large horns. It inhabits the mountains of Siberia and central Asia.</def>

<note>&hand; The bearded argali is the aoudad. See <er>Aoudad</er>. The name is also applied to the bighorn sheep of the Rocky Mountains. See <er>Bighorn</er>.</note>

<h1>Argala</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ga*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The adjutant bird.</def>

<h1>Argand lamp</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gand lamp`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Named from the inventor, Aim\'82 <ets>Argand</ets> of Geneva.]</ety> <def>A lamp with a circular hollow wick and glass chimney which allow a current of air both inside and outside of the flame.</def>

<cs><col>Argand burner</col>, <cd>a burner for an Argand lamp, or a gas burner in which the principle of that lamp is applied.</cd></cs>

<h1>Argas</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gas</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A genus of venomous ticks which attack men and animals. The famous Persian Argas, also called <i>Miana bug</i>, is <spn>A. Persicus</spn>; that of Central America, called <i>talaje</i> by the natives, is <spn>A. Talaje</spn>.</def>

<h1>Argean</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ge"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the ship Argo. See <er>Argo</er>.</def>

<h1>Argent</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>argent</ets>, fr. L. <ets>argentum</ets>, silver; akin to Gr. <?/ silver, <?/, <?/, white, bright, Skr. <ets>rajata</ets> white, silver, <ets>raj</ets> to shine, Ir. <ets>arg</ets> white, milk, <ets>airgiod</ets> silver, money, and L. <ets>arguere</ets> to make clear. See <er>Argue</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Silver, or money.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fig. & Poet.)</fld> <def>Whiteness; anything that is white.</def>

<blockquote>The polished <b>argent</b> of her breast.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The white color in coats of arms, intended to represent silver, or, figuratively, purity, innocence, beauty, or gentleness; -- represented in engraving by a plain white surface.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Argent</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gent</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of silver; of a silvery color; white; shining.</def>

<blockquote>Yonder <b>argent</b> fields above.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Argental</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gen"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to silver; resembling, containing, or combined with, silver.</def>

<h1>Argentan</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gen*tan</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An alloy of nicked with copper and zinc; German silver.</def>

<h1>Argentate</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gen*tate</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argentatus</ets> silvered.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Silvery white.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Argentation</h1>
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<hw>Ar`gen*ta"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argentare</ets> to silver, fr. <ets>argentum</ets> silver. See <er>Argent</er>.]</ety> <def>A coating or overlaying with silver.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Argentic</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gen"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, silver; -- said of certain compounds of silver in which this metal has its lowest proportion; <as>as, <ex>argentic</ex> chloride</as>.</def>

<h1>Argentiferous</h1>
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<hw>Ar`gen*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argentum</ets> silver + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>argentif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing or containing silver; <as>as, <ex>argentiferous</ex> lead ore or veins</as>.</def>

<h1>Argentine</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gen*tine</hw> <tt>(?; in the 2d sense, commonly ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, silver; made of, or sounding like, silver; silvery.</def>

<blockquote>Celestial Dian, goddess <b>argentine</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the Argentine Republic in South America.</def>

<h1>Argentine</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gen*tine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>argentin</ets>, fr. L. <ets>argentum</ets> silver.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A siliceous variety of calcite, or carbonate of lime, having a silvery-white, pearly luster, and a waving or curved lamellar structure.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>White metal coated with silver.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of Europe <spn>(Maurolicus Pennantii)</spn> with silvery scales. The name is also applied to various fishes of the genus <spn>Argentina</spn>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A citizen of the Argentine Republic.</def>

<h1>Argentite</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gen*tite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argentum</ets> silver.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Sulphide of silver; -- also called <altname>vitreous silver</altname>, or <altname>silver glance</altname>. It has a metallic luster, a lead-gray color, and is sectile like lead.</def>

<h1>Argentous</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gen"tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, silver; -- said of certain silver compounds in which silver has a higher proportion than in argentic compounds; <as>as, <ex>argentous</ex> chloride</as>.</def>

<h1>Argentry</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gent*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>argenterie</ets>, fr. <ets>argent</ets> silver, L. <ets>argentum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Silver plate or vessels.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Bowls of frosted <b>argentry</b>.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Argil</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gil</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>argile</ets>, L. <ets>argilla</ets> white clay, akin to Gr. <?/ or <?/ argil, <?/ white. See <er>Argent</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Clay, or potter's earth; sometimes pure clay, or alumina. See <er>Clay</er>.</def>

<h1>Argillaceous</h1>
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<hw>Ar`gil*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argillaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>argilla</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of clay; consisting of, or containing, argil or clay; clayey.</def>

<cs><col>Argillaceous sandstone</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a sandstone containing much clay.</cd> -- <col>Argillaceous iron ore</col>, <cd>the clay ironstone.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Argillaceous schist</col> or <col>state</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Argillite</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Argilliferous</h1>
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<hw>Ar`gil*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argilla</ets> white clay + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing clay; -- applied to such earths as abound with argil.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<h1>Argillite</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gil*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ clay + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Argillaceous schist or slate; clay slate. Its colors is bluish or blackish gray, sometimes greenish gray, brownish red, etc.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ar`gil*lit"ic</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Argillo-areenaceous</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gil`lo-are`e*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, or containing, clay and sand, as a soil.</def>

<h1>Argillo-calcareous</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gil`lo-cal*ca"re*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, or containing, clay and calcareous earth.</def>

<h1>Argillo-ferruginous</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gil`lo-fer*ru"gi*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing clay and iron.</def>

<h1>Argillous</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gil"lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argillosus</ets>, fr. <ets>argilla</ets>. See <er>Argil</er>.]</ety> <def>Argillaceous; clayey.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Argive</h1>
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<hw>Ar"give</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Argivus</ets>, fr. <ets>Argos</ets>, <ets>Argi</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or performance to Argos, the capital of Argolis in Greece.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native of Argos. Often used as a generic term, equivalent to <i>Grecian</i> or <i>Greek</i>.</def></def2>

<h1>Argo</h1>
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<hw>Ar"go</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Argo</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>The name of the ship which carried Jason and his fifty-four companions to Colchis, in quest of the Golden Fleece.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A large constellation in the southern hemisphere, called also <altname>Argo Navis</altname>. In modern astronomy it is replaced by its three divisions, <i>Carina</i>, <i>Puppis</i>, and <i>Vela</i>.</def>

<h1>Argoan</h1>
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<hw>Ar*go"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the ship Argo.</def>

<h1>Argoile</h1>
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<hw>Ar"goile</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Potter's clay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Argol</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gol</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Argal</er>, <er>Orgal</er>. Of unknown origin.]</ety> <def>Crude tartar; an acidulous salt from which cream of tartar is prepared. It exists in the juice of grapes, and is deposited from wines on the sides of the casks.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Argolic</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gol"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Argolicus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Argolis, a district in the Peloponnesus.</def>

<h1>Argon</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gon</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ inactive.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance regarded as an element, contained in the atmosphere and remarkable for its chemical inertness.</def>

<i>Rayleigh and Ramsay.</i>

<h1>Argonaut</h1>
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<hw>Ar"go*naut</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Argonauta</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ sailor, <?/ ship. See <er>Argo</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any one of the legendary Greek heroes who sailed with Jason, in the Argo, in quest of the Golden Fleece.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cephalopod of the genus Argonauta.</def>

<h1>Argonauta</h1>
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<hw>Ar`go*nau"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of Cephalopoda. The shell is called <i>paper nautilus</i> or <i>paper sailor</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; The animal has much resemblance to an Octopus. It has eight arms, two of which are expanded at the end and clasp the shell, but are never elevated in the air for sails as was formerly supposed. The creature swims beneath the surface by means of a jet of water, like other cephalopods. The male has no shell, and is much smaller than the female. See <er>Hectocotylus</er>.</note>

<h1>Argonautic</h1>
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<hw>Ar"go*naut"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Argonauticus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Argonauts.</def>

<h1>Argosy</h1>
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<hw>Ar"go*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Argosies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Earlier <ets>ragusy</ets>, fr. <ets>ragusa</ets> meaning orig. a vessel of Ragusa.]</ety> <def>A large ship, esp. a merchant vessel of the largest size.</def>

<blockquote>Where your <b>argosies</b> with portly sail . . .
Do overpeer the petty traffickers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Argot</h1>
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<hw>Ar`got"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. Of unknown origin.]</ety> <def>A secret language or conventional slang peculiar to thieves, tramps, and vagabonds; flash.</def>

<h1>Arguable</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gu*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being argued; admitting of debate.</def>

<h1>Argue</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gue</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Argued</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arguing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>arguen</ets>, F. <ets>arguer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>argutare</ets>, freq. of <ets>arguere</ets> to make clear; from the same root as E. <ets>argent</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To invent and offer reasons to support or overthrow a proposition, opinion, or measure; to use arguments; to reason.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>argue</b> not
Against Heaven's hand or will.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To contend in argument; to dispute; to reason; -- followed by <i>with</i>; <as>as, you may <ex>argue</ex> with your friend without convincing him</as>.</def>

<h1>Argue</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gue</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To debate or discuss; to treat by reasoning; <as>as, the counsel <ex>argued</ex> the cause before a full court; the cause was well <ex>argued</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prove or evince; too manifest or exhibit by inference, deduction, or reasoning.</def>

<blockquote>So many laws <b>argue</b> so many sins.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To persuade by reasons; <as>as, to <ex>argue</ex> a man into a different opinion</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To blame; to accuse; to charge with.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thoughts and expressions . . . which can be truly <b>argued</b> of obscenity, profaneness, or immorality.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- to reason; evince; discuss; debate; expostulate; remonstrate; controvert.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Argue</er>, <er>Dispute</er>, <er>Debate</er>. These words, as here compared, suppose a contest between two parties in respect to some point at issue. To <i>argue</i> is to adduce arguments or reasons in support of one's cause or position. To <i>dispute</i> is to call in question or deny the statements or arguments of the opposing party. To <i>debate</i> is to strive for or against in a somewhat formal manner by arguments.</usage>

<blockquote>Men of many words sometimes <b>argue</b> for the sake of talking; men of ready tongues frequently <b>dispute</b> for the sake of victory; men in public life often <b>debate</b> for the sake of opposing the ruling party, or from any other motive than the love of truth.
<i>Crabb.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Unskilled to <b>argue</b>, in <b>dispute</b> yet loud,
Bold without caution, without honors proud.
<i>Falconer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Betwixt the dearest friends to raise <b>debate</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arguer</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gu*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who argues; a reasoner; a disputant.</def>

<h1>Argufy</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gu*fy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Argue</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To argue pertinaciously.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To signify.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Argulus</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gu*lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., dim of <ets>Argus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of copepod Crustacea, parasitic of fishes; a fish louse. See <er>Branchiura</er>.</def>

<h1>Argument</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gu*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>argument</ets>, L. <ets>argumentum</ets>, fr. <ets>arguere</ets> to argue.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Proof; evidence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There is.. no more palpable and convincing <b>argument</b> of the existence of a Deity.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Why, then, is it made a badge of wit and an <b>argument</b> of parts for a man to commence atheist, and to cast off all belief of providence, all awe and reverence for religion?
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A reason or reasons offered in proof, to induce belief, or convince the mind; reasoning expressed in words; <as>as, an <ex>argument about</ex>, <ex>concerning</ex>, or <ex>regarding</ex> a proposition, for or <ex>in favor of</ex> it, or <ex>against</ex> it</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A process of reasoning, or a controversy made up of rational proofs; argumentation; discussion; disputation.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>argument</b> is about things, but names.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The subject matter of a discourse, writing, or artistic representation; theme or topic; also, an abstract or summary, as of the contents of a book, chapter, poem.</def>

<blockquote>You and love are still my <b>argument</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The abstract or <b>argument</b> of the piece.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[Shields] with boastful <b>argument</b> portrayed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Matter for question; business in hand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sheathed their swords for lack of <b>argument</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The quantity on which another quantity in a table depends; <as>as, the altitude is the <ex>argument</ex> of the refraction</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The independent variable upon whose value that of a function depends.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<-- p. 81  -->

<h1>Argument</h1>
<Xpage=81>

<hw>Ar"gu*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argumentari</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make an argument; to argue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Argumentable</h1>
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<hw>Ar`gu*men"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argumentabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Admitting of argument.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chalmers.</i>

<h1>Argumental</h1>
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<hw>Ar`gu*men"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argumentalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, argument; argumentative.</def>

<h1>Argumentation</h1>
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<hw>Ar`gu*men*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argumentatio</ets>, from <ets>argumentari</ets>: cf. F. <ets>argumentation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of forming reasons, making inductions, drawing conclusions, and applying them to the case in discussion; the operation of inferring propositions, not known or admitted as true, from facts or principles known, admitted, or proved to be true.</def>

<blockquote>Which manner of <b>argumentation</b>, how false and naught it is, . . . every man that hath with perceiveth.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Debate; discussion.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Reasoning; discussion; controversy. See <er>Reasoning</er>.</syn>

<h1>Argumentative</h1>
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<hw>Ar`gu*men"ta*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of, or characterized by, argument; containing a process of reasoning; <as>as, an <ex>argumentative</ex> discourse</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Adductive as proof; indicative; <as>as, the adaptation of things to their uses is <ex>argumentative</ex> of infinite wisdom in the Creator</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Given to argument; characterized by argument; disputatious; <as>as, an <ex>argumentative</ex> writer</as>.</def>

--<wordforms><wf>Ar`gu*men"ta*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ar`gu*men"ta*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Argumentize</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gu*men*tize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To argue or discuss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Argus</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Argus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A fabulous being of antiquity, said to have had a hundred eyes, who has placed by Juno to guard Io. His eyes were transplanted to the peacock's tail.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One very vigilant; a guardian always watchful.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of East Indian pheasants. The common species <spn>(A. giganteus)</spn> is remarkable for the great length and beauty of the wing and tail feathers of the male. The species <spn>A. Grayi</spn> inhabits Borneo.</def>

<h1>Argus-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gus-eyed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Extremely observant; watchful; sharp-sighted.</def>

<h1>Argus shell</h1>
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<hw>Ar"gus shell`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> . <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of shell <spn>(Cypr\'91a argus)</spn>, beautifully variegated with spots resembling those in a peacock's tail.</def>

<h1>Argutation</h1>
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<hw>Ar`gu*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argutatio</ets>. See <er>Argue</er>.]</ety> <def>Caviling; subtle disputation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Argute</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gute"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>argutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>arguere</ets>. See <er>Argue</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sharp; shrill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sagacious; acute; subtle; shrewd.</def>

<blockquote>The active preacher . . . the <b>argue</b> schoolman.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Argutely</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gute"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a subtle; shrewdly.</def>

<h1>Arguteness</h1>
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<hw>Ar*gute"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Acuteness.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<mhw><h1>Arhizal, Arhizous, Arhythmic, Arhythmous</h1>
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<hw>A*rhi"zal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*rhi"zous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*rhyth"*mic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*rhyth"mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Arrhizal</er>, <er>Arrhizous</er>, <er>Arrhythmic</er>, <er>Arrhythmous</er>.</def>

<h1>Aria</h1>
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<hw>A"ri*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. L. <ets>a\'89r</ets>. See <er>Air</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An air or song; a melody; a tune.</def>

<note>&hand; The Italian term is now mostly used for the more elaborate accompanied melodies sung by a single voice, in operas, oratorios, cantatas, anthems, etc., and not so much for simple airs or tunes.</note>

<h1>Arian</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Aryan</er>.</def>

<h1>Arian</h1>
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<hw>A"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Arianus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Arius, a presbyter of the church of Alexandria, in the fourth century, or to the doctrines of Arius, who held Christ to be inferior to God the Father in nature and dignity, though the first and noblest of all created beings.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One who adheres to or believes the doctrines of Arius.</def></def2>

<i>Mosheim.</i>

<h1>Arianism</h1>
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<hw>A"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrines of the Arians.</def>

<h1>Arianize</h1>
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<hw>A"ri*an*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To admit or accept the tenets of the Arians; to become an Arian.</def>

<h1>Arianize</h1>
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<hw>A"ri*an*ize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To convert to Arianism.</def>

<h1>Aricine</h1>
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<hw>Ar"i*cine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Arica</ets>, in Chile.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid, first found in white cinchona bark.</def>

<h1>Arid</h1>
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<hw>Ar"id</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aridus</ets>, fr. <ets>arere</ets> to be dry: cf. F. <ets>aride</ets>.]</ety> <def>Exhausted of moisture; parched with heat; dry; barren.</def> "An <i>arid</i> waste."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Aridity</h1>
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<hw>A*rid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aridities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>ariditas</ets>, fr. <ets>aridus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being arid or without moisture; dryness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Want of interest of feeling; insensibility; dryness of style or feeling; spiritual drought.</def>

<i>Norris.</i>

<h1>Aridness</h1>
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<hw>Ar"id*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Aridity; dryness.</def>

<mhw><h1>Ariel, n., &or; Ariel gazelle</h1>
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<hw>A"ri*el</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, &or; <hw>A"ri*el ga*zelle"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>. <ety>[Ar. <ets>aryil</ets>, <ets>ayyil</ets>, stag.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <i>A</i>) <def>A variety of the gazelle <spn>(Antilope, or Gazella, dorcas)</spn>, found in Arabia and adjacent countries. <sd>(b)</sd> A squirrel-like Australian marsupial, a species of <i>Petaurus</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> A beautiful Brazilian toucan <i>Ramphastos ariel</i>).</def>

<h1>Aries</h1>
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<hw>A"ri*es</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The Ram; the first of the twelve signs in the zodiac, which the sun enters at the vernal equinox, about the 21st of March.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A constellation west of Taurus, drawn on the celestial globe in the figure of a ram.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A battering-ram.</def>

<h1>Arietate</h1>
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<hw>Ar"i*e*tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arietatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>arietare</ets>, fr. <ets>aries</ets> ram.]</ety> <def>To butt, as a ram.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Arietation</h1>
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<hw>Ar`i*e*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arietatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of butting like a ram; act of using a battering-ram.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Act of striking or conflicting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Arietta, Ariette</h1>
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<hw><hw>A`ri*et"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar`i*ette"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>arietta</ets>, dim. of <ets>aria</ets>; F. <ets>ariette</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short aria, or air.</def> "A military <i>ariette</i>."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Aright</h1>
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<hw>A*right"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>right</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rightly; correctly; in a right way or form; without mistake or crime; <as>as, to worship God <ex>aright</ex></as>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Aril, Arillus</h1>
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<hw>Ar"il</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*ril"lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From LL. <ets>arilli</ets> dry grapes, perh. fr. L. <ets>aridus</ets> dry: cf. F,. <ets>arille</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A exterior covering, forming a false coat or appendage to a seed, as the loose, transparent bag inclosing the seed or the white water lily. The mace of the nutmeg is also an <i>aril</i>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<mhw><h1>Arillate . Arllated, Ariled</h1>
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<hw>Ar"il*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <hw>Ar"l*la`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar"iled</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. NL. <ets>arillatus</ets>, F. <ets>arill\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having an aril.</def>

<h1>Ariman</h1>
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<hw>A"ri*man</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ahriman</er>.</def>

<h1>Ariolation</h1>
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<hw>Ar`i*o*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ariolatio</ets>, <ets>hariolatio</ets>, fr. <ets>hariolari</ets> to prophesy, fr. <ets>hariolus</ets> soothsayer.]</ety> <def>A soothsaying; a foretelling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Ariose</h1>
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<hw>Ar"i*ose</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>arioso</ets>, fr. <ets>aria</ets>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by melody, as distinguished from harmony.</def>

<blockquote>Mendelssohn wants the <b>ariose</b> beauty of Handel; vocal melody is not his forte; the interest of his airs harmonic.
<i>Foreign Quart. Rev.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arioso</h1>
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<hw>A`ri*o"so</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In the smooth and melodious style of an air; ariose.</def>

<h1>Arise</h1>
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<hw>A*rise"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Arose</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arising</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Arisen</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms>. <ety>[AS. <ets>\'ber\'c6san</ets>; <ets>\'be</ets> (equiv. to Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, <ets>ur-</ets>, G. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning out) + <ets>r\'c6san</ets> to rise; cf. Goth. <ets>urreisan</ets> to arise. See</tt> <er>Rise</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come up from a lower to a higher position; to come above the horizon; to come up from one's bed or place of repose; to mount; to ascend; to rise; <as>as, to <ex>arise</ex> from a kneeling posture; a cloud <ex>arose</ex>; the sun <ex>ariseth</ex>; he <ex>arose</ex> early in the morning.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To spring up; to come into action, being, or notice; to become operative, sensible, or visible; to begin to act a part; to present itself; <as>as, the waves of the sea <ex>arose</ex>; a persecution <ex>arose</ex>; the wrath of the king shall <ex>arise</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>There <b>arose</b> up a new king . . . which knew not Joseph.
<i>Ex. i. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The doubts that in his heart <b>arose</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To proceed; to issue; to spring.</def>

<blockquote>Whence haply mention may <b>arise</b>

Of something not unseasonable to ask.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arise</h1>
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<hw>A*rise"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rising.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Drayton.</i>

<h1>Arist</h1>
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<hw>A*rist"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>3d sing. pres.</tt> <def>of <er>Arise</er>, for <i>ariseth</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Arista</h1>
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<hw>A*ris"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An awn.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Aristarch</h1>
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<hw>Ar"is*tarch</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Aristarchus</ets>, a Greek grammarian and critic, of Alexandria, about 200 <sc>b. c</sc>.]</ety> <def>A severe critic.</def>

<i>Knowles.</i>

<h1>Aristarchian</h1>
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<hw>Ar`is*tar"chi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Severely critical.</def>

<h1>Aristarchy</h1>
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<hw>Ar"is*tar`chy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Severely criticism.</def>

<h1>Aristarchy</h1>
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<hw>Ar"is*tar`chy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Severe criticism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir J. Harrington.</i>

<h1>Aristate</h1>
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<hw>A*ris"tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aristatus</ets>, fr. <ets>arista</ets>. See <er>Arista</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a pointed, beardlike process, as the glumes of wheat; awned.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a slender, sharp, or spinelike tip.</def>

<h1>Aristocracy</h1>
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<hw>Ar`is*toc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aristocracies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ best + <?/ to be strong, to rule, <?/ strength; <?/ is perh. from the same root as E. <ets>arm</ets>, and orig. meant <ets>fitting</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aristocratie</ets>. See <er>Arm</er>, and <er>Create</er>, which is related to Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Government by the best citizens.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A ruling body composed of the best citizens.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In the Senate
Right not our quest in this, I will protest them
To all the world, no <b>aristocracy</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A form a government, in which the supreme power is vested in the principal persons of a state, or in a privileged order; an oligarchy.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>aristocracy</b> of Venice hath admitted so many abuses, trough the degeneracy of the nobles, that the period of its duration seems approach.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The nobles or chief persons in a state; a privileged class or patrician order; (in a popular use) those who are regarded as superior to the rest of the community, as in rank, fortune, or intellect.</def>

<h1>Aristocrat</h1>
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<hw>A*ris"to*crat</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aristocrate</ets>. See <er>Aristocracy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the aristocracy or people of rank in a community; one of a ruling class; a noble.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is overbearing in his temper or habits; a proud or haughty person.</def>

<blockquote>A born <b>aristocrat</b>, bred radical.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who favors an aristocracy as a form of government, or believes the aristocracy should govern.</def>

<blockquote>His whole family are accused of being <b>aristocrats</b>.
<i>Romilly.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aristocratic, Aristocratical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar`is*to*crat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>aristocratique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an aristocracy; consisting in, or favoring, a government of nobles, or principal men; <as>as, an <ex>aristocratic</ex> constitution</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Partaking of aristocracy; befitting aristocracy; characteristic of, or originating with, the aristocracy; <as>as, an <ex>aristocratic</ex> measure; <ex>aristocratic</ex> pride or manners.</as></def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Aristocratism</h1>
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<hw>Ar"is*to*crat`ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The principles of aristocrats.</def>

<i>Romilly.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Aristocrats, collectively.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Aristology</h1>
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<hw>Ar`is*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ dinner + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of dining.</def>

<i>Quart. Rev.</i>

<h1>Aristophanic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`is*to*phan"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Aristophanes, the Athenian comic poet.</def>

<h1>Aristotelian</h1>
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<hw>Ar`is*to*te"li*an</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Aristotle, the famous Greek philosopher (384-322 <sc>b. c</sc>.).</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A follower of Aristotle; a Peripatetic. See <er>Peripatetic</er>.</def></def2>

<h1>Aristotelianism</h1>
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<hw>Ar`is*to*te"li*an*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>The philosophy of Aristotle, otherwise called the Peripatetic philosophy.</def>

<h1>Aristotelic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`is*to*tel"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Aristotle or to his philosophy.</def> "<i>Aristotelic</i> usage."

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Aristotle's lantern</h1>
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<hw>Ar"is*to`tle's lan"tern</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The five united jaws and accessory ossicles of certain sea urchins.</def>

<h1>Aristulate</h1>
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<hw>A*ris"tu*late</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Dim. fr. <ets>arista</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining a short beard or awn.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Arithmancy</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ith*man`cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ number + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of numbers.</def>

<h1>Arithmetic</h1>
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<hw>A*rith"me*tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>arsmetike</ets>, OF. <ets>arismetique</ets>, L. <ets>arithmetica</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), fr. <?/ arithmetical, fr. <?/ to number, fr. <?/ number, prob. fr. same root as E. <ets>arm</ets>, the idea of counting coming from that of fitting, attaching. See <er>Arm</er>. The modern Eng. and French forms are accommodated to the Greek.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science of numbers; the art of computation by figures.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A book containing the principles of this science.</def>

<cs><col>Arithmetic of sines</col>, <cd>trigonometry.</cd> -- <col>Political arithmetic</col>, <cd>the application of the science of numbers to problems in civil government, political economy, and social science.</cd> -- <col>Universal arithmetic</col>, <cd>the name given by Sir Isaac Newton to algebra.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arithmetical</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ith*met"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to arithmetic; according to the rules or method of arithmetic.</def>

<cs><col>Arithmetical complement of a logarithm</col>. <cd>See <er>Logarithm</er>.</cd> -- <col>Arithmetical mean</col>. <cd>See <er>Mean</er>.</cd> -- <col>Arithmetical progression</col>. <cd>See <er>Progression</er>.</cd> -- <col>Arithmetical proportion</col>. <cd>See <er>Proportion</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arithmetically</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ith*met"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Conformably to the principles or methods of arithmetic.</def>

<h1>Arithmetician</h1>
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<hw>A*rith`me*ti"cian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>arithm\'82ticien</ets>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in arithmetic.</def>

<h1>Arithmomancy</h1>
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<hw>A*rith"mo*man"cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Arithmancy.</def>

<h1>Arithmometer</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ith*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ number + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>arithmom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>A calculating machine.</def>

<h1>Ark</h1>
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<hw>Ark</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ark</ets>, <ets>arke</ets>, <ets>arche</ets>, AS. <ets>arc</ets>, <ets>earc</ets>, <ets>earce</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arca</ets>, fr. <ets>arcere</ets> to inclose, keep off; akin to Gr. <?/ to keep off.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chest, or coffer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Bearing that precious relic in an <b>ark</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Jewish Hist.)</fld> <def>The oblong chest of acacia wood, overlaid with gold, which supported the mercy seat with its golden cherubs, and occupied the most sacred place in the sanctuary. In it Moses placed the two tables of stone containing the ten commandments. Called also the <altname>Ark of the Covenant</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The large, chestlike vessel in which Noah and his family were preserved during the Deluge. <i>Gen. vi</i>. Hence: Any place of refuge.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A large flatboat used on Western American rivers to transport produce to market.</def>

<h1>Arkite</h1>
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<hw>Ark"ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to the ark.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Faber.</i>

<h1>Ark shell</h1>
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<hw>Ark" shell`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine bivalve shell belonging to the genus <spn>Arca</spn> and its allies.</def>

<h1>Arles</h1>
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<hw>Arles</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>arrhes</ets>, Scot. <ets>airles</ets>. Cf. <er>Earles penny</er>.]</ety> <def>An earnest; earnest money; money paid to bind a bargain.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<cs><col>Arles penny</col>, <cd>earnest money given to servants.</cd>  <i>Kersey.</i></cs>

<h1>Arm</h1>
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<hw>Arm</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>arm</ets>, <ets>earm</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>aram</ets>, G., D., Dan., & Sw. <ets>arm</ets>, Icel. <ets>armr</ets>, Goth. <ets>arms</ets>, L. <ets>armus</ets> arm, shoulder, and prob. to Gr. <?/ joining, joint, shoulder, fr. the root <?/ to join, to fit together; cf. Slav. <ets>rame</ets>. <?/. See <er>Art</er>, <er>Article</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The limb of the human body which extends from the shoulder to the hand; also, the corresponding limb of a monkey.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything resembling an arm</def>; as, <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fore limb of an animal, as of a bear</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A limb, or locomotive or prehensile organ, of an invertebrate animal.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A branch of a tree.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A slender part of an instrument or machine, projecting from a trunk, axis, or fulcrum; <as>as, the <ex>arm</ex> of a steelyard</as>.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Naut)</fld> <def>The end of a yard; also, the part of an anchor which ends in the fluke.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>An inlet of water from the sea.</def> <sd>(g)</sd> <def>A support for the elbow, at the side of a chair, the end of a sofa, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: Power; might; strength; support; <as>as, the secular <ex>arm</ex>; the <ex>arm</ex> of the law.</as></def>

<blockquote>To whom is the <b>arm</b> of the Lord revealed?
<i>Isa. lii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Arm's end</col>, <cd>the end of the arm; a good distance off.</cd> <i>Dryden</i>. -- <col>Arm's length</col>, <cd>the length of the arm.</cd> -- <col>Arm's reach</col>, <cd>reach of the arm; the distance the arm can reach.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To go</col> (or <col>walk</col>) <col>arm in arm</col></mcol>, <cd>to go with the arm or hand of one linked in the arm of another.</cd> "When <i>arm in arm<i>we went along." <i>Tennyson</i>. -- <col>To keep at arm's length</col>, <cd>to keep at a distance (literally or figuratively); not to allow to come into close contact or familiar intercourse.</cd> -- <col>To work at arm's length</col>, <cd>to work disadvantageously.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arm</h1>
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<hw>Arm</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arms</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A branch of the military service; <as>as, the cavalry <ex>arm</ex> was made efficient</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A weapon of offense or defense; an instrument of warfare; -- commonly in the <pluf>pl.</pluf></def>

<h1>Arm</h1>
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<hw>Arm</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Armed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>armen</ets>, F. <ets>armer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>armare</ets>, fr. <ets>arma</ets>, pl., arms. See <er>arms</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take by the arm; to take up in one's arms.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And make him with our pikes and partisans
A grave: come, <b>arm</b> him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Arm</b> your prize;
I know you will not lose him.
<i>Two N. Kins.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with arms or limbs.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>His shoulders broad and strong,
<b>Armed</b> long and round.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish or equip with weapons of offense or defense; <as>as, to <ex>arm</ex> soldiers; to <ex>arm</ex> the country.</as></def>

<blockquote>Abram . . . <b>armed</b> his trained servants.
<i>Gen. xiv. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cover or furnish with a plate, or with whatever will add strength, force, security, or efficiency; <as>as, to <ex>arm</ex> the hit of a sword; to <ex>arm</ex> a hook in angling.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Fig.: To furnish with means of defense; to prepare for resistance; to fortify, in a moral sense.</def>

<blockquote><b>Arm</b> yourselves . . . with the same mind.
<i>1 Pet. iv. 1.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To arm a magnet</col>, <cd>to fit it with an armature.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arm</h1>
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<hw>Arm</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To provide one's self with arms, weapons, or means of attack or resistance; to take arms.</def> " 'Tis time to <i>arm</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<-- p. 82  -->

<h1>Armada</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ma"da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>armada</ets>, L. as if <ets>armata</ets> (sc. <ets>classic</ets> fleet), fr. <ets>armatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>armare</ets>. See <er>Arm</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <er>Army</er>.]</ety> <def>A fleet of armed ships; a squadron. Specifically, the Spanish fleet which was sent to assail England, <er>a</er>. <er>d</er>. 1558.</def>

<h1>Armadillo</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ma*dil"lo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Armadillos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp. <ets>armadillo</ets>, dim. of <ets>armado</ets> armed, p. p. of <ets>armar</ets> to arm. Do called from being armed with a bony shell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any edentate animal if the family <spn>Dasypid\'91</spn>, peculiar to America. The body and head are incased in an armor composed of small bony plates. The armadillos burrow in the earth, seldom going abroad except at night. When attacked, they curl up into a ball, presenting the armor on all sides. Their flesh is good food. There are several species, one of which (the peba) is found as far north as Texas. See <er>Peba</er>, <er>Poyou</er>, <er>Tatouay</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of small isopod Crustacea that can roll themselves into a ball.</def>

<h1>Armado</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ma"do</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Armada.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Armament</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ma*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>armamenta</ets>, pl., utensils, esp. the tackle of a ship, fr. <ets>armare</ets> to arm: cf. LL. <ets>armamentum</ets>, F. <ets>armement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A body of forces equipped for war; -- used of a land or naval force.</def> "The whole united <i>armament</i> of Greece."

<i>Glover.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil. & Nav.)</fld> <def>All the cannon and small arms collectively, with their equipments, belonging to a ship or a fortification.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any equipment for resistance.</def>

<h1>Armamentary</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ma*men"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>armamentarium</ets>, fr. <ets>armamentum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>armamentaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>An armory; a magazine or arsenal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Armature</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ma*ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>armatura</ets>, fr. <ets>armare</ets> to arm: cf. F. <ets>armature</ets>. See <er>Arm</er>, v. t., <er>Armor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Armor; whatever is worn or used for the protection and defense of the body, esp. the protective outfit of some animals and plants.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld> <def>A piece of soft iron used to connect the two poles of a magnet, or electro-magnet, in order to complete the circuit, or to receive and apply the magnetic force. In the ordinary horseshoe magnet, it serves to prevent the dissipation of the magnetic force.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Iron bars or framing employed for the consolidation of a building, as in sustaining slender columns, holding up canopies, etc.</def>

<i>Oxf. Gloss.</i>

<h1>Armchair</h1>
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<hw>Arm"chair`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chair with arms to support the elbows or forearms.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Armed</h1>
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<hw>Armed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Furnished with weapons of offense or defense; furnished with the means of security or protection.</def> "And <i>armed</i> host."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Furnished with whatever serves to add strength, force, or efficiency.</def>

<blockquote>A distemper eminently <b>armed</b> from heaven.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having horns, beak, talons, etc; -- said of beasts and birds of prey.</def>

<cs><col>Armed at all points</col> <fld>(Blazoning)</fld>, <cd>completely incased in armor, sometimes described as <altname>armed cap-\'85-pie</altname>.</cd> <i>Cussans</i>. -- <col>Armed en flute</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Flute</er>.</cd> -- <col>Armed magnet</col>, <cd>a magnet provided with an armature.</cd> -- <col>Armed neutrality</col>. <cd>See under <er>Neutrality</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Armenian</h1>
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<hw>Ar*me"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Arm\'82nien</ets>, L. <ets>Armenias</ets>, fr. <ets>Armenia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Armenia.</def>

<cs><col>Armenian bole</col>, <cd>a soft clayey earth of a bright red color found in Armenia, Tuscany, etc.</cd> -- <col>Armenian stone</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> The commercial name of lapis lazuli. <sd>(b)</sd> Emery.</cd></cs>

<h1>Armenian</h1>
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<hw>Ar*me"ni*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or one of the people of Armenia; also, the language of the Armenians.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>An adherent of the Armenian Church, an organization similar in some doctrines and practices to the Greek Church, in others to the Roman Catholic.</def>

<h1>Armet</h1>
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<hw>Arm"et</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>arme</ets> arm, or corrupted for <ets>healmet</ets> helmet.]</ety> <def>A kind of helmet worn in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries.</def>

<h1>Armful</h1>
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<hw>Arm"ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Armfulus</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>As much as the arm can hold.</def>

<h1>Armgaunt</h1>
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<hw>Arm"gaunt`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>With gaunt or slender legs. (?)</def>  "An <i>armgaunt</i> steed."

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; This word is peculiar to Shakespeare. Its meaning has not yet been satisfactorily explained.</note>

<h1>Arm-gret</h1>
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<hw>Arm"-gret`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Great as a man's arm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A wreath of gold, <b>arm</b>-<b>gret</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Armhole</h1>
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<hw>Arm"hole`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Arm</ets> + <ets>hole</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The cavity under the shoulder; the armpit.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hole for the arm in a garment.</def>

<h1>Armiferous</h1>
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<hw>Ar*mif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>armifer</ets>; <ets>arma</ets> arms + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Bearing arms or weapons.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Armiger</h1>
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<hw>Ar"mi*ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>armiger</ets> armor bearer; <ets>arma</ets> arms + <ets>gerere</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Formerly, an armor bearer, as of a knight, an esquire who bore his shield and rendered other services. In later use, one next in degree to a knight, and entitled to armorial bearings. The term is now superseded by <i>esquire</i>.</def>

<i>Jacob.</i>

<h1>Armigerous</h1>
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<hw>Ar*mig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bearing arms.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>They belonged to the <b>armigerous</b> part of the population, and were entitled to write themselves Esquire.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Armil</h1>
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<hw>Ar"mil</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>armilla</ets> a bracelet, fr. <ets>armus</ets> arm: cf. OF. <ets>armille</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bracelet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ancient astronomical instrument.</def>

<note>&hand; When composed of one ring placed in the plane of the equator for determining the time of the equinoxes, it is called an <i>equinoctial armil</i>; when of two or more rings, one in the plane of the meridian, for observing the solstices, it is called a <i>solstitial armil</i>.</note>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Armilla</h1>
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<hw>Ar*mil"la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Armillas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Armill\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a bracelet.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An armil.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A ring of hair or feathers on the legs.</def>

<h1>Armillary</h1>
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<hw>Ar"mil*la*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>armillarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>armilla</ets> arm ring, bracelet, fr. <ets>armus</ets> arm: cf. F. <ets>armillaire</ets>. See <er>Arm</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a bracelet or ring; consisting of rings or circles.</def>

<cs><col>Armillary sphere</col>, <cd>an ancient astronomical machine composed of an assemblage of rings, all circles of the same sphere, designed to represent the positions of the important circles of the celestial sphere.</cd></cs>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<h1>Arming</h1>
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<hw>Arm"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of furnishing with, or taking, arms.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>arming</b> was now universal.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of tallow placed in a cavity at the lower end of a sounding lead, to bring up the sand, shells, etc., of the sea bottom.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Red dress cloths formerly hung fore and aft outside of a ship's upper works on holidays.</def>

<cs><col>Arming press</col> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld>, <cd>a press for stamping titles and designs on the covers of books.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arminian</h1>
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<hw>Ar*min"i*an</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Arminius of his followers, or to their doctrines. See note under <er>Arminian</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Arminian</h1>
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<hw>Ar*min"i*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who holds the tenets of Arminius, a Dutch divine (b. 1560, d. 1609).</def>

<note>The Arminian doctrines are: 1. Conditional election and reprobation, in opposition to absolute predestination. 2. Universal redemption, or that the atonement was made by Christ for all mankind, though none but believers can be partakers of the benefit. 3. That man, in order to exercise true faith, must be regenerated and renewed by the operation of the Holy Spirit, which is the gift of God. 4. That man may resist divine grace. 5. That man may relapse from a state of grace.</note>

<h1>Arminianism</h1>
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<hw>Ar*min"i*an*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The religious doctrines or tenets of the Arminians.</def>

<h1>Armipotence</h1>
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<hw>Ar*mip"o*tence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>armipotentia</ets>, fr. <ets>armipotents</ets>.]</ety> <def>Power in arms.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Armipotent</h1>
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<hw>Ar*mip"o*tent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>armipotents</ets>; <ets>arma</ets> arms + <ets>potens</ets> powerful, p. pr. of <ets>posse</ets> to be able.]</ety> <def>Powerful in arms; mighty in battle.</def>

<blockquote>The temple stood of Mars <b>armipotent</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Armisonant, Armisonous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar*mis"o*nant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar*mis"o*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>armisonus</ets>; <ets>arma</ets> arms + <ets>sonare</ets> (p. pr. <ets>sonans</ets>) to sound.]</ety> <def>Rustling in arms; resounding with arms.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Armistice</h1>
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<hw>Ar"mis*tice</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>armistice</ets>, fr. (an assumed word) L. <ets>armistitium</ets>; <ets>arma</ets> arms + <ets>stare</ets>, <ets>statum</ets> (combining form, <ets>-stitum</ets>), to stand still.]</ety> <def>A cessation of arms for a short time, by convention; a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement; a truce.</def>

<h1>Armless</h1>
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<hw>Arm"less</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without any arm or branch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destitute of arms or weapons.</def>

<h1>Armlet</h1>
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<hw>Arm"let</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Arm</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small arm; <as>as, an <ex>armlet</ex> of the sea</as>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An arm ring; a bracelet for the upper arm.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Armor for the arm.</def>

<h1>Armoniac</h1>
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<hw>Ar*mo"ni*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ammoniac.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Armor</h1>
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<hw>Ar"mor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>armure</ets>, fr. F. <ets>armure</ets>, OF. <ets>armeure</ets>, fr. L. <ets>armatura</ets>. See <er>Armature</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>armour</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Defensive arms for the body; any clothing or covering worn to protect one's person in battle.</def>

<note>&hand; In English statues, <i>armor</i> is used for the whole apparatus of war, including offensive as well as defensive arms. The <i>statues of armor</i> directed what arms every man should provide.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Steel or iron covering, whether of ships or forts, protecting them from the fire of artillery.</def>

<cs><col>Coat armor</col>, <cd>the escutcheon of a person or family, with its several charges and other furniture, as mantling, crest, supporters, motto, etc.</cd> -- <col>Submarine</col>, <cd>a water-tight dress or covering for a diver. See under <er>Submarine</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Armor-bearer</h1>
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<hw>Ar"mor-bear`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who carries the armor or arms of another; an armiger.</def>

<i>Judg. ix. 54.</i>

<h1>Armored</h1>
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<hw>Ar"mored</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Clad with armor.</def>

<h1>Armorer</h1>
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<hw>Ar"mor*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>armurer</ets>, <ets>armerer</ets>, fr. F. <ets>armurter</ets>, fr. armure armor.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who makes or repairs armor or arms.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formerly, one who had care of the arms and armor of a knight, and who dressed him in armor.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who has the care of arms and armor, cleans or repairs them, etc.</def>

<h1>Armorial</h1>
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<hw>Ar*mo"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>armorial</ets>, fr. <ets>armoiries</ets> arms, coats of arms, for <ets>armoieries</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>armoier</ets> to paint arms, coats of arms, fr. <ets>armes</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arma</ets>. See <er>Arms</er>, <er>Armory</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to armor, or to the heraldic arms or escutcheon of a family.</def>

<blockquote>Figures with <b>armorial</b> signs of race and birth.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Armorial bearings</col>. <cd>See <er>Arms</er>, <er>4</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Armoric, Armorican</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar*mor"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar*mor"i*can</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Armoricus</ets>, fr. Celtic <ets>ar</ets> on, at + <ets>mor</ets> sea.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the northwestern part of France (formerly called <i>Armorica</i>, now Bretagne or Brittany), or to its people.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> The language of the Armoricans, a Celtic dialect which has remained to the present times.</def></def2>

<h1>Armorican</h1>
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<hw>Ar*mor"i*can</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Armorica.</def>

<h1>Armorist</h1>
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<hw>Ar"mor*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>armoriste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in coat armor or heraldry.</def>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<h1>Armor-plated</h1>
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<hw>Ar"mor-plat`ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with defensive plates of metal, as a ship of war; steel-clad.</def>

<blockquote>This day will be launched . . . the first <b>armor-plated</b> steam frigate in the possession of Great Britain.

<i>Times (Dec. 29, 1860).</i>

<h1>Armory</h1>
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<hw>Ar"mo*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Armories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OF. <ets>armaire</ets>, <ets>armarie</ets>, F. <ets>armoire</ets>, fr. L. <ets>armarium</ets> place for keeping arms; but confused with F. <ets>armoiries</ets>. See <er>Armorial</er>, <er>Ambry</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place where arms and instruments of war are deposited for safe keeping.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> Armor: defensive and offensive arms.</def>

<blockquote>Celestial <b>armory</b>, shields, helms, and spears.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>A manufactory of arms, as rifles, muskets, pistols, bayonets, swords.</def>  <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b>  <def>Ensigns armorial; armorial bearings.</def>

<i>Spensplw.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That branch of hplwaldry which treats of coat armor.</def>

<blockquote>The science of heraldry, or, more justly speaking, <b>armory</b>, which is but one branch of heraldry, is, without doubt, of very ancient origin.
<i>Cussans.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Armozeen, Armozine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar`mo*zeen"</hw>, <hw>Ar`mo*zine"</hw><hw> <tt><tt>(#)</tt></plu></tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[ets>armosin</ets>, <ets>armoisin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thick plain silk, generally black, and used for clerical.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Armpit</h1>
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<hw>Arm"pit`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Arm</ets> + <ets>pit</ets>.]</ety> <def>The hollow beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder; the axilla.</def>

<h1>Armrack</h1>
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<hw>Arm"rack`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A frame, generally vertical, for holding small arms.</def>

<h1>Arms</h1>
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<hw>Arms</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>armes</ets>, F. <ets>arme</ets>, pl. <ets>armes</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arma</ets>, pl., arms, orig. fittings, akin to <ets>armus</ets> shoulder, and E. <ets>arm</ets>. See <er>Arm</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Instruments or weapons of offense or defense.</def>

<blockquote>He lays down his <b>arms</b>, but not his wiles.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Three horses and three goodly suits of <b>arms</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The deeds or exploits of war; military service or science.</def> "<i>Arms</i> and the man I sing."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Anything which a man takes in his hand in anger, to strike or assault another with; an aggressive weapon.</def>

<i>Cowell. Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The ensigns armorial of a family, consisting of figures and colors borne in shields, banners, etc., as marks of dignity and distinction, and descending from father to son.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>The legs of a hawk from the thigh to the foot.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<cs><col>Bred to arms</col>, <cd>educated to the profession of a soldier.</cd> -- <col>In arms</col>, <cd>armed for war; in a state of hostility.</cd> -- <col>Small arms</col>, <cd>portable firearms known as muskets, rifles, carbines, pistols, etc.</cd> -- <col>A stand of arms</col>, <cd>a complete set for one soldier, as a musket, bayonet, cartridge box and belt; frequently, the musket and bayonet alone.</cd> -- <col>To arms</col><cd>! a summons to war or battle.</cd> -- <col>Under arms</col>, <cd>armed and equipped and in readiness for battle, or for a military parade.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Arm's end</col>, <col>Arm's length</col>, <col>Arm's reach</col>. <cd>See under <er>Arm</er>.</cd>

<h1>Armure</h1>
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<hw>Ar"mure</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Armor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Armor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A variety of twilled fabric ribbed on the surface.</def>

<h1>Army</h1>
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<hw>Ar"my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arm\'82e</ets>, fr. L. <ets>armata</ets>, fem. of <ets>armatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>armare</ets> to arm. Cf. <er>Armada</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A collection or body of men armed for war, esp. one organized in companies, battalions, regiments, brigades, and divisions, under proper officers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A body of persons organized for the advancement of a cause; <as>as, the Blue Ribbon <ex>Army</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A great number; a vast multitude; a host.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>army</b> of good words.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Standing army</col>, <cd>a permanent army of professional soldiers, as distinguished from militia or volunteers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Army worm</h1>
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<hw>Ar"my worm`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A lepidopterous insect, which in the larval state often travels in great multitudes from field to field, destroying grass, grain, and other crops. The common army worm of the northern United States is <i>Leucania unipuncta</i>. The name is often applied to other related species, as the cotton worm.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The larva of a small two-winged fly <spn>(Sciara)</spn>, which marches in large companies, in regular order. See <er>Cotton worm</er>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Arna, Arnee</h1>
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<hw>Ar"na</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar"nee</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, </mhw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wild buffalo of India (<spn>Bos, or Bubalus, arni</spn>), larger than the domestic buffalo and having enormous horns.</def>

<h1>Arnatto</h1>
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<hw>Ar*nat"to</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Annotto</er>.</def>

<h1>Arnica</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ni*ca</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. a corruption of <ets>ptarmica</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants; also, the most important species <spn>(Arnica montana)</spn>, native of the mountains of Europe, used in medicine as a narcotic and stimulant.</def>

<note>&hand; The tincture of <i>arnica</i> is applied externally as a remedy for bruises, sprains, etc.</note>

<h1>Arnicin</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ni*cin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arnica</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An active principle of <i>Arnica montana</i>. It is a bitter resin.</def>

<h1>Arnicine</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ni*cine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid obtained from the arnica plant.</def>

<h1>Arnot, Arnut</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar"not</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar"nut</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>aardnoot</ets>, E. <ets>earthut</ets>.]</ety> <def>The earthnut.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Arnotto</h1>
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<hw>Ar*not"to</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Annotto</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Aroid, Aroideous</h1>
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<hw>A"roid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*roid"e*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ar</ets>um + -<ets>oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, the Arum family of plants.</def>

<h1>Aroint</h1>
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<hw>A*roint"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E. <ets>rynt</ets>, <ets>rynt</ets> thee, <ets>roynt</ets>, or <ets>runt</ets>, terms used by milkmaids to a cow that has been milked, in order to drive her away, to make room for others; AS. <ets>r<?/man</ets> to make room or way, fr. <ets>r<?/m</ets> room. The final <ets>t</ets> is perh. for <ets>ta</ets>, for <ets>thou</ets>. Cf. <er>Room</er> space.]</ety> <def>Stand off, or begone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Aroint</b> thee, witch, the rump-fed ronyon cries.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aroint</h1>
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<hw>A*roint"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To drive or scare off by some exclamation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Whiskered cats <i>arointed</i> flee." <i>Mrs. Browning</i>.

<h1>Aroma</h1>
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<hw>A*ro"ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aroma</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. OE. <ets>aromaz</ets>, <ets>aromat</ets>, spice, F. <ets>aromate</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or principle of plants or other substances which constitutes their fragrance; agreeable odor; <as>as, the <ex>aroma</ex> of coffee</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: The fine diffusive quality of intellectual power; flavor; <as>as, the subtile <ex>aroma</ex> of genius</as>.</def>

<h1>Aromatic, Aromatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar`o*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar`o*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aromaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>aromatique</ets>. See <er>Aroma</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, aroma; fragrant; spicy; strong-scented; odoriferous; <as>as, <ex>aromatic</ex> balsam</as>.</def>

<-- p. 83  -->

<cs><col>Aromatic compound</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>one of a large class of organic substances, as the oils of bitter almonds, wintergreen, and turpentine, the balsams, camphors, etc., many of which have an aromatic odor. They include many of the most important of the carbon compounds and may all be derived from the benzene group, <chform>C6H6</chform>. The term is extended also to many of their derivatives.</cd> -- <col>Aromatic vinegar</col>. <cd>See under <er>Vinegar</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aromatic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`o*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A plant, drug, or medicine, characterized by a fragrant smell, and usually by a warm, pungent taste, as ginger, cinnamon spices.</def>

<h1>Aromatization</h1>
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<hw>Ar`o*mat`i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aromatisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of impregnating or secting with aroma.</def>

<h1>Aromatize</h1>
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<hw>A*ro"ma*tize</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aromatized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aromatizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>aromatizare</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>aromatiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To impregnate with aroma; to render aromatic; to give a spicy scent or taste to; to perfume.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Aromatizer</h1>
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<hw>A*ro"ma*ti`zer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, aromatizes or renders aromatic.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Aromatous</h1>
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<hw>A*ro"ma*tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Aromatic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Caxton.</i>

<h1>Aroph</h1>
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<hw>Ar"oph</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A contraction of <ets>aro</ets>ma <ets>ph</ets>ilosophorum.]</ety> <def>A barbarous word used by the old chemists to designate various medical remedies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Arose</h1>
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<hw>A*rose"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>The past or preterit tense of <er>Arise</er>.</def>

<h1>Around</h1>
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<hw>A*round"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>round</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a circle; circularly; on every side; round.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a circuit; here and there within the surrounding space; all about; <as>as, to travel <ex>around</ex> from town to town</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Near; in the neighborhood; <as>as, this man was standing <ex>around</ex> when the fight took place</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<note>&hand; See <er>Round</er>, the shorter form, <tt>adv. & prep.</tt>, which, in some of the meanings, is more commonly used.</note>

<h1>Around</h1>
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<hw>A*round"</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On all sides of; encircling; encompassing; so as to make the circuit of; about.</def>

<blockquote>A lambent flame arose, which gently spread
<b>Around</b> his brows.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>From one part to another of; at random through; about; on another side of; <as>as, to travel <ex>around</ex> the country; a house standing <ex>around</ex> the corner.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Arousal</h1>
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<hw>A*rous"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of arousing, or the state of being aroused.</def>

<blockquote>Whatever has associated itself with the <b>arousal</b> and activity of our better nature.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arouse</h1>
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<hw>A*rouse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aroused</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arousing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>rouse</ets>.]</ety> <def>To excite to action from a state of rest; to stir, or put in motion or exertion; to rouse; to excite; <as>as, to <ex>arouse</ex> one from sleep; to <ex>arouse</ex> the dormant faculties.</as></def>

<blockquote>Grasping his spear, forth issued to <b>arouse</b>
His brother, mighty sovereign on the host.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No suspicion was <b>aroused</b>.
<i>Merivale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arow</h1>
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<hw>A*row"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>row</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a row, line, or rank; successively; in order.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>And twenty, rank in rank, they rode <b>arow</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aroynt</h1>
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<hw>A*roynt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>See <er>Aroint</er>.</def>

<h1>Arpeggio</h1>
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<hw>Ar*peg"gio</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. <ets>arpeggiare</ets> to play on the harp, fr. <ets>arpa</ets> harp.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The production of the tones of a chord in rapid succession, as in playing the harp, and not simultaneously; a strain thus played.</def>

<h1>Arpent, Arpen</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar"pent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar"pen</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arpent</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arepennis</ets>, <ets>arapennis</ets>. According to Columella, a Gallic word for a measure equiv. to half a Roman <ets>jugerum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formerly, a measure of land in France, varying in different parts of the country. The <i>arpent</i> of Paris was 4,088 sq. yards, or nearly five sixths of an English acre. The <i>woodland arpent</i> was about 1 acre, 1 rood, 1 perch, English.</def>

<h1>Arpentator</h1>
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<hw>Ar`pen*ta"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arpent</er>.]</ety> <def>The Anglicized form of the French <i>arpenteur</i>, a land surveyor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Arpine</h1>
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<hw>Ar"pine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An arpent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Webster (1623).</i>

<h1>Arquated</h1>
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<hw>Ar"qua*ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shaped like a bow; arcuate; curved.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Arquebus, Arquebuse</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar"que*bus</hw>, <hw>Ar"que*buse</hw><hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arquebuse</ets>, OF. <ets>harquebuse</ets>, fr. D. <ets>haak</ets>-<ets>bus</ets>; cf. G. <ets>hakenb\'81chse</ets> a gun with a hook. See <er>Hagbut</er>.]</ety> <def>A sort of hand gun or firearm a contrivance answering to a trigger, by which the burning match was applied. The musket was a later invention.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>harquebus</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Arquebusade</h1>
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<hw>Ar`que*bus*ade"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arquebusade</ets> shot of an arquebus; eau d'<ets>arquebusade</ets> a vulnerary for gunshot wounds.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The shot of an arquebus.</def>

<i>Ash.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A distilled water from a variety of aromatic plants, as rosemary, millefoil, etc.; -- originally used as a vulnerary in gunshot wounds.</def>

<i>Parr.</i>

<h1>Arquebusier</h1>
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<hw>Ar`que*bus*ier</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arquebusier</ets>.]</ety> <def>A soldier armed with an arquebus.</def>

<blockquote>Soldiers armed with guns, of whatsoever sort or denomination, appear to have been called <b>arquebusiers</b>.
<i>E. Lodge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arquifoux</h1>
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<hw>Ar"qui*foux</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Alquifou</er>.</def>

<h1>Arrach</h1>
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<hw>Ar"rach</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Orach</er>.</def>

<h1>Arrack</h1>
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<hw>Ar"rack</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>araq</ets> sweat, juice, spirituous liquor, fr. <ets>araqa</ets> to sweat. Cf. <er>Rack</er> arrack.]</ety> <def>A name in the East Indies and the Indian islands for all ardent spirits. Arrack is often distilled from a fermented mixture of rice, molasses, and palm wine of the cocoanut tree or the date palm, etc.</def>

<h1>Arragonite</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rag"o*nite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Aragonite</er>.</def>

<h1>Arraign</h1>
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<hw>Ar*raign"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Arraigned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arraigning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>arainen</ets>, <ets>arenen</ets>, OF. <ets>aragnier</ets>, <ets>aranier</ets>, <ets>araisnier</ets>, F. <ets>arraisonner</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>arrationare</ets> to address to call before court; L. <ets>ad + ratio</ets> reason, reasoning, LL. cause, judgment. See <er>Reason</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To call or set as a prisoner at the bar of a court to answer to the matter charged in an indictment or complaint.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To call to account, or accuse, before the bar of reason, taste, or any other tribunal.</def>

<blockquote>They will not <b>arraign</b> you for want of knowledge.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is not arrogance, but timidity, of which the Christian body should now be <b>arraigned</b> by the world.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To accuse; impeach; charge; censure; criminate; indict; denounce. See <er>Accuse</er>.</syn>

<h1>Arraign</h1>
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<hw>Ar*raign"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Arraignment; <as>as, the clerk of the <ex>arraigns</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone. Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Arraign</h1>
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<hw>Ar*raign"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From OF. <ets>aramier</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>adhramire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To appeal to; to demand; <as>as, to <ex>arraign</ex> an assize of novel disseizin</as>.</def>

<h1>Arraigner</h1>
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<hw>Ar*raign"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who arraigns.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Arraignment</h1>
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<hw>Ar*raign"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>arraynement</ets>, <ets>aresnement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act of arraigning, or the state of being arraigned; the act of calling and setting a prisoner before a court to answer to an indictment or complaint.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A calling to an account to faults; accusation.</def>

<blockquote>In the sixth satire, which seems only an <b>Arraignment</b> of the whole sex, there is a latent admonition.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<mhw><h1>Arraiment, Arrayment</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rai"ment</hw>, <hw>Ar*ray"ment</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Array</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Clothes; raiment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Arrange</h1>
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<hw>Ar*range"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Arranged</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arranging</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>arayngen</ets>, OF. <ets>arengier</ets>, F. <ets>arranger</ets>, fr. <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>rengier</ets>, <ets>rangier</ets>, F. <ets>ranger</ets>. See <er>Range</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put in proper order; to dispose (persons, or parts) in the manner intended, or best suited for the purpose; <as>as, troops <ex>arranged</ex> for battle</as>.</def>

<blockquote>So [they] came to the market place, and there he <b>arranged</b> his men in the streets.
<i>Berners.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[They] were beginning to <b>arrange</b> their hampers.
<i>Boswell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A mechanism previously <b>arranged</b>.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To adjust or settle; to prepare; to determine; <as>as, to <ex>arrange</ex> the preliminaries of an undertaking</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Adjust; adapt; range; dispose; classify.</syn>

<h1>Arrangement</h1>
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<hw>Ar*range"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>arrangement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of arranging or putting in an orderly condition; the state of being arranged or put in order; disposition in suitable form.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The manner or result of arranging; system of parts disposed in due order; regular and systematic classification; <as>as, <ex>arrangement</ex> of one's dress; the Linn\'91an <ex>arrangement</ex> of plants.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Preparatory proceeding or measure; preparation; <as>as, we have made <ex>arrangement</ex> for receiving company</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Settlement; adjustment by agreement; <as>as, the parties have made an <ex>arrangement</ex> between themselves concerning their disputes; a satisfactory <ex>arrangement</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The adaptation of a composition to voices or instruments for which it was not originally written.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A piece so adapted; a transcription; <as>as, a pianoforte <ex>arrangement</ex> of Beethoven's symphonies; an orchestral <ex>arrangement</ex> of a song, an opera, or the like.</as></def>

<h1>Arranger</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ran"ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who arranges.</def>

<i> Burke.</i>

<h1>Arrant</h1>
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<hw>Ar"rant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>erraunt</ets>, <ets>errant</ets>, <ets>errand</ets>, equiv. to E. <ets>errant</ets> wandering, which was first applied to vagabonds, as an <ets>errant rogue</ets>, an <ets>errant thief</ets>, and hence passed gradually into its present and worse sense. See <er>Errant</er>.]</ety> <def>Notoriously or pre\'89minently bad; thorough or downright, in a bad sense; shameless; unmitigated; <as>as, an <ex>arrant</ex> rogue or coward</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I discover an <b>arrant</b> laziness in my soul.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Thorough or downright, in a good sense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>An <b>arrant</b> honest woman.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrantly</h1>
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<hw>Ar"rant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Notoriously, in an ill sense; infamously; impudently; shamefully.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Arras</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ras</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Arras</ets> the capital of Artois, in the French Netherlands.]</ety> <def>Tapestry; a rich figured fabric; especially, a screen or hangings of heavy cloth with interwoven figures.</def>

<blockquote>Stateliest couches, with rich <b>arras</b> spread.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Behind the <b>arras</b> I'll convey myself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arras</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ras</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with an arras.</def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Arrasene</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ras*ene"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Arras</er>.]</ety> <def>A material of wool or silk used for working the figures in embroidery.</def>

<h1>Arrastre</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ras"tre</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A rude apparatus for pulverizing ores, esp. those containing free gold.</def>

<mhw><h1>Arraswise, Arrasways</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ras*wise`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar"ras*ways`</hw></mhw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Prob. a corruption of <ets>arriswise</ets>. See <er>Arris</er>.]</ety> <def>Placed in such a position as to exhibit the top and two sides, the corner being in front; -- said of a rectangular form.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit. Cussans.</i>

<h1>Arraught</h1>
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<hw>Ar*raught"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[The past tense of an old v. <ets>areach</ets> or <ets>arreach</ets>. Cf. <er>Reach</er>, obs. pret. <ets>raught</ets>.]</ety> <def>Obtained; seized.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Array</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ray"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>arai</ets>, <ets>arrai</ets>, OF. <ets>arrai</ets>, <ets>arrei</ets>, <ets>arroi</ets>, order, arrangement, dress, F. <ets>arroi</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>rai</ets>, <ets>rei</ets>, <ets>roi</ets>, order, arrangement, fr. G. or Scand.; cf. Goth. <ets>raidjan</ets>, <ets>garaidjan</ets>, to arrange, MHG. <ets>gereiten</ets>, Icel. <ets>rei\'ebi</ets> rigging, harness; akin to E. <ets>ready</ets>. Cf. <er>Ready</er>, <er>Greith</er>, <er>Curry</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Order; a regular and imposing arrangement; disposition in regular lines; hence, order of battle; <as>as, drawn up in battle <ex>array</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Wedged together in the closest <b>array</b>.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The whole body of persons thus placed in order; an orderly collection; hence, a body of soldiers.</def>

<blockquote>A gallant <b>array</b> of nobles and cavaliers.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An imposing series of things.</def>

<blockquote>Their long <b>array</b> of sapphire and of gold.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Dress; garments disposed in order upon the person; rich or beautiful apparel.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A ranking or setting forth in order, by the proper officer, of a jury as impaneled in a cause.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The panel itself.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The whole body of jurors summoned to attend the court.</def>

<cs><col>To challenge the array</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to except to the whole panel.</cd> <i>Cowell.</i> <i>Tomlins</i>. <i>Blount</i>. -- <col>Commission of array</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a commission given by the prince to officers in every county, to muster and <i>array<i> the inhabitants, or see them in a condition for war.</cd>  <i>Blackstone.</i></cs>

<h1>Array</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ray"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Arrayed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arraying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>araien</ets>, <ets>arraien</ets>, fr. OE. <ets>arraier</ets>, <ets>arreier</ets>, <ets>arreer</ets>, <ets>arroier</ets>, fr. <ets>arrai</ets>. See <er>Array</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place or dispose in order, as troops for battle; to marshal.</def>

<blockquote>By torch and trumpet fast <b>arrayed</b>,
Each horseman drew his battle blade.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These doubts will be <b>arrayed</b> before their minds.
<i>Farrar.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deck or dress; to adorn with dress; to cloth to envelop; -- applied esp. to dress of a splendid kind.</def>

<blockquote>Pharaoh . . . <b>arrayed</b> him in vestures of fine linen.
<i>Gen. xli.<?/.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In gelid caves with horrid gloom <b>arrayed</b>.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To set in order, as a jury, for the trial of a cause; that is, to call them man by man.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><col>To array a panel</col>, <cd>to set forth in order the men that are impaneled.</cd></cs>

<i>Cowell. Tomlins.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To draw up; arrange; dispose; set in order.</syn>

<h1>Arrayer</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ray"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who arrays. In some early English statutes, applied to an officer who had care of the soldiers' armor, and who saw them duly accoutered.</def>

<h1>Arrear</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rear"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>arere</ets>, OF. <ets>arere</ets>, <ets>ariere</ets>, F. <ets>arri\'8are</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + retro</ets> backward. See <er>Rear</er>.]</ety> <def>To or in the rear; behind; backwards.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Arrear</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rear"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is behind in payment, or which remains unpaid, though due; esp. a remainder, or balance which remains due when some part has been paid; arrearage; -- commonly used in the plural, <as>as, <ex>arrears</ex> of rent, wages, or taxes</as>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>For much I dread due payment by the Greeks
Of yesterday's <b>arrear</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have a large <b>arrear</b> of letters to write.
<i>J. D. Forbes.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>In arrear</col> &or; <col>In arrears</col></mcol>, <cd>behind; backward; behindhand; in debt.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arrearage</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rear"age</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arr\'82rage</ets>, fr. <ets>arri\'8are</ets>, OF. <ets>arere</ets>. See <er>Arrear</er>.]</ety> <def>That which remains unpaid and overdue, after payment of a part; arrears.</def>

<blockquote>The old <b>arrearages</b> . . . being defrayed.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrect, Arrected</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar*rect"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar*rect"ed</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arrectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>arrigere</ets> to raise, erect; <ets>ad + regere</ets> to lead straight, to direct.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lifted up; raised; erect.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attentive, as a person listening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>God speaks not the idle and unconcerned hearer, but to the vigilant and <b>arrect</b>.
<i>Smalridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrect</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rect"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To direct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>My supplication to you I <b>arrect</b>.
<i>Skelton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[See <er>Aret</er>.]</ety> <def>To impute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Arrectary</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rect"a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arrectarius</ets>, fr. <ets>arrigere</ets> o set up.]</ety> <def>An upright beam.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Arrenotokous</h1>
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<hw>Ar`re*not"o*kous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bearing males; <?/ a male + <?/ a bringing forth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Producing males from unfertilized eggs, as certain wasps and bees.</def>

<h1>Arrentation</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ren*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>arrenter</ets> to give or take as rent. See <er>Arendator</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A letting or renting, esp. a license to inclose land in a forest with a low hedge and a ditch, under a yearly rent.</def>

<h1>Arreption</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rep"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arripere</ets>, <ets>arreptum</ets>, to seize, snatch; <ets>ad + rapere</ets> to snatch. See <er>Rapacious</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of taking away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "This <i>arreption</i> was sudden."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Arreptitious</h1>
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<hw>Ar`rep*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arreptitius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Snatched away; seized or possessed, as a demoniac; raving; mad; crack-brained.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Odd, <b>arreptitious</b>, frantic extravagances.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrest</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rest"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Arrested</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arresting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aresten</ets>, OF. <ets>arester</ets>, F. <ets>arr\'88ter</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>arrestare</ets>; L. <ets>ad + restare</ets> to remain, stop; <ets>re + stare</ets> to stand. See <er>Rest</er> remainder.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stop; to check or hinder the motion or action of; <as>as, to <ex>arrest</ex> the current of a river; to <ex>arrest</ex> the senses.</as></def>

<blockquote>Nor could her virtues the relentless hand
Of Death <b>arrest</b>.
<i>Philips.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To take, seize, or apprehend by authority of law; <as>as, to <ex>arrest</ex> one for debt, or for a crime</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; After his word Shakespeare uses <i>of</i> ("I <i>arrest</i> thee <i>of</i> high treason") or <i>on</i>; the modern usage is <i>for</i>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To seize on and fix; to hold; to catch; <as>as, to <ex>arrest</ex> the eyes or attention</as>.</def>

<i>Buckminster.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To rest or fasten; to fix; to concentrate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We may <b>arrest</b> our thoughts upon the divine mercies.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To obstruct; delay; detain; check; hinder; stop; apprehend; seize; lay hold of.</syn>

<h1>Arrest</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rest"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To tarry; to rest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Arrest</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rest"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>arest</ets>, <ets>arrest</ets>, OF. <ets>arest</ets>, F. <ets>arr\'88t</ets>, fr. <ets>arester</ets>. See <er>Arrest</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Arr<?/t</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of stopping, or restraining from further motion, etc.; stoppage; hindrance; restraint; <as>as, an <ex>arrest</ex> of development</as>.</def>

<blockquote>As the <b>arrest</b> of the air showeth.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The taking or apprehending of a person by authority of law; legal restraint; custody. Also, a decree, mandate, or warrant.</def>

<blockquote>William . . . ordered him to be put under <b>arrest</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[Our brother Norway] sends out <b>arrests</b>
On Fortinbras; which he, in brief, obeys.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; An arrest may be made by seizing or touching the body; but it is sufficient in the party be within the power of the officer and submit to the arrest. In Admiralty law, and in old English practice, the term is applied to the seizure of property.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any seizure by power, physical or moral.</def>

<blockquote>The sad stories of fire from heaven, the burning of his sheep, etc., . . . were sad <b>arrests</b> to his troubled spirit.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A scurfiness of the back part of the hind leg of a horse; -- also named <i>rat-tails</i>.</def>

<i>White.</i>

<cs><col>Arrest of judgment</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the staying or stopping of a judgment, after verdict, for legal cause. The motion for this purpose is called a motion in <i>arrest of judgment<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arrestation</h1>
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<hw>Ar`res*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arrestation</ets>, LL. <ets>arrestatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Arrest.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>arrestation</b> of the English resident in France was decreed by the National Convention.
<i>H. M. Williams.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrestee</h1>
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<hw>Ar`res*tee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arrest</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The person in whose hands is the property attached by arrestment.</def>

<h1>Arrester</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rest"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who arrests.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The person at whose suit an arrestment is made.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>arrestor</asp>.]</altsp>

<-- p. 84  -->

<h1>Arresting</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rest"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Striking; attracting attention; impressive.</def>

<blockquote>This most solemn and <b>arresting</b> occurrence.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrestive</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rest"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to arrest.</def>

<i>McCosh.</i>

<h1>Arrestment</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rest"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>arrestement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The arrest of a person, or the seizure of his effects; esp., a process by which money or movables in the possession of a third party are attached.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stoppage or check.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Arr\'88t</h1>
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<hw>Ar*r\'88t</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Arrest</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(F. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A judgment, decision, or decree of a court or high tribunal; also, a decree of a sovereign.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An arrest; a legal seizure.</def>

<h1>Arret</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ret"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Aret</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Arrhaphostic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`rha*phos"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to sew together.]</ety> <def>Seamless.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Arrhizal, Arrhizous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar*rhi"zal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar*rhi"zous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ not rooted; <?/ priv. + <?/ a root.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of a true root, as a parasitical plant.</def>

<h1>Arrhythmic, Arrhythmous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar*rhyth"mic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar*rhyth"mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ rhythm.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Being without rhythm or regularity, as the pulse.</def>

<h1>Arrhytmy</h1>
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<hw>Ar"rhyt*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ rhythm.]</ety> <def>Want of rhythm.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Arride</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ride"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arridere</ets>; <ets>ad + ridere</ets> to laugh.]</ety> <def>To please; to gratify.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<blockquote>Above all thy rarities, old Oxenford, what do most <b>arride</b> and solace me are thy repositories of moldering learning.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arriere</h1>
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<hw>Ar*riere"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arri\'8are</ets>. See <er>Arrear</er>.]</ety> <def>"That which is behind"; the rear; -- chiefly used as an adjective in the sense of <i>behind</i>, <i>rear</i>, <i>subordinate</i>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Arriere fee</col>, <col>Arriere fief</col></mcol>, <cd>a fee or fief dependent on a superior fee, or a fee held of a feudatory.</cd> -- <col>Arriere vassal</col>, <cd>the vassal of a vassal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arriere-ban</h1>
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<hw>Ar*riere"-ban`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. OE. <ets>arban</ets>, <ets>heriban</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>hariban</ets>, <ets>heriban</ets>, G. <ets>heerbann</ets>, the calling together of an army; OHG. <ets>heri</ets> an army + <ets>ban</ets> a public call or order. The French have misunderstood their old word, and have changed it into <ets>arri\'8are</ets>-<ets>ban</ets>, though <ets>arri\'8are</ets> has no connection with its proper meaning. See <er>Ban</er>, <er>Abandon</er>.]</ety> <def>A proclamation, as of the French kings, calling not only their immediate feudatories, but the vassals of these feudatories, to take the field for war; also, the body of vassals called or liable to be called to arms, as in ancient France.</def>

<h1>Arris</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ris</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>areste</ets>, F. <ets>ar\'88te</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arista</ets> the top or beard of an ear of grain, the bone of a fish.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The sharp edge or salient angle formed by two surfaces meeting each other, whether plane or curved; -- applied particularly to the edges in moldings, and to the raised edges which separate the flutings in a Doric column.</def>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>

<cs><col>Arris fillet</col>, <cd>a triangular piece of wood used to raise the slates of a roof against a chimney or wall, to throw off the rain.</cd> <i>Gwilt</i>. -- <col>Arris gutter</col>, <cd>a gutter of a V form fixed to the eaves of a building.</cd> <i>Gwilt</i>.</cs>

<h1>Arrish</h1>
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<hw>Ar"rish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Eddish</er>.]</ety> <def>The stubble of wheat or grass; a stubble field; eddish.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>arish</asp>, <asp>ersh</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<blockquote>The moment we entered the stubble or <b>arrish</b>.
<i>Blackw. Mag.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arriswise</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ris*wise`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Diagonally laid, as tiles; ridgewise.</def>

<h1>Arrival</h1>
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<hw>Ar*riv"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Arrive</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of arriving, or coming; the act of reaching a place from a distance, whether by water (as in its original sense) or by land.</def>

<blockquote>Our watchmen from the towers, with longing eyes,
Expect his swift <b>arrival</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The attainment or reaching of any object, by effort, or in natural course; <as>as, our <ex>arrival</ex> at this conclusion was wholly unexpected</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The person or thing arriving or which has arrived; <as>as, news brought by the last <ex>arrival</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Another <b>arrival</b> still more important was speedily announced.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An approach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The house has a corner <b>arrival</b>.
<i>H. Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrivance</h1>
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<hw>Ar*riv"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Arrival.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Arrive</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rive"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Arrived</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arriving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ariven</ets> to arrive, land, OF. <ets>ariver</ets>, F. <ets>arriver</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>arripare</ets>, <ets>adripare</ets>, to come to shore; L. <ets>ad + ripa</ets> the shore or sloping bank of a river. Cf. <er>Riparian</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come to the shore or bank. In present usage: To come in progress by water, or by traveling on land; to reach by water or by land; -- followed by <i>at</i> (formerly sometimes by <i>to</i>), also by <i>in</i> and <i>from</i>.</def> "<i>Arrived</i> in Padua."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>[\'92neas] sailing with a fleet from Sicily, <b>arrived</b> . . . and landed in the country of Laurentum.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There was no outbreak till the regiment <b>arrived</b> at Ipswich.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reach a point by progressive motion; to gain or compass an object by effort, practice, study, inquiry, reasoning, or experiment.</def>

<cs><col>To arrive at</col>, <cd>or attain to.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>When he <b>arrived at</b> manhood.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We <b>arrive at</b> knowledge of a law of nature by the generalization of facts.
<i>McCosh.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If <b>at</b> great things thou wouldst <b>arrive</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To come; said of time; <as>as, the time <ex>arrived</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To happen or occur.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Happy! to whom this glorious death <b>arrives</b>.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrive</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rive"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring to shore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And made the sea-trod ship <b>arrive</b> them.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reach; to come to.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Ere he <b>arrive</b> the happy isle.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ere we could <b>arrive</b> the point proposed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Arrive</b> at last the blessed goal.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrive</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rive"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Arrival.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>How should I joy of thy <b>arrive</b> to hear!
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arriver</h1>
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<hw>Ar*riv"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who arrives.</def>

<h1>Arroba</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ro"ba</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. and Pg., from Ar. <ets>arrub</ets>, <ets>ar</ets>-<ets>rubu</ets>, a fourth part.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A Spanish weight used in Mexico and South America = 25.36 lbs. avoir.; also, an old Portuguese weight, used in Brazil = 32.38 lbs. avoir.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Spanish liquid measure for wine = 3.54 imp. gallons, and for oil = 2.78 imp. gallons.</def>

<h1>Arrogance</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ro*gance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>arrogantia</ets>, fr. <ets>arrogans</ets>. See <er>Arrogant</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or habit of arrogating, or making undue claims in an overbearing manner; that species of pride which consists in exorbitant claims of rank, dignity, estimation, or power, or which exalts the worth or importance of the person to an undue degree; proud contempt of others; lordliness; haughtiness; self-assumption; presumption.</def>

<blockquote>I hate not you for her proud <b>arrogance</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Haughtiness; hauteur; assumption; lordliness; presumption; pride; disdain; insolence; conceit; conceitedness. See <er>Haughtiness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Arrogancy</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ro*gan*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Arrogance.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Arrogant</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ro*gant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arrogant</ets>, L. <ets>arrogans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>arrogare</ets>. See <er>Arrogate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Making, or having the disposition to make, exorbitant claims of rank or estimation; giving one's self an undue degree of importance; assuming; haughty; -- applied to persons.</def>

<blockquote><b>Arrogant</b> Winchester, that haughty prelate.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Containing arrogance; marked with arrogance; proceeding from undue claims or self-importance; -- applied to things; <as>as, <ex>arrogant</ex> pretensions or behavior</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Magisterial; lordly; proud; assuming; overbearing; presumptuous; haughty. See <er>Magisterial</er>.</syn>

<h1>Arrogantly</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ro*gant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an arrogant manner; with undue pride or self-importance.</def>

<h1>Arrogantness</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ro*gant*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Arrogance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Arrogate</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ro*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Arrogated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arrogating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>arrogatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adrogare</ets>, <ets>arrogare</ets>, to ask, appropriate to one's self; <ets>ad + rogare</ets> to ask. See <er>Rogation</er>.]</ety> <def>To assume, or claim as one's own, unduly, proudly, or presumptuously; to make undue claims to, from vanity or baseless pretensions to right or merit; <as>as, the pope <ex>arrogated</ex> dominion over kings</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>arrogated</b> to himself the right of deciding dogmatically what was orthodox doctrine.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrogation</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ro*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arrogatio</ets>, fr. <ets>arrogare</ets>. Cf. <er>Adrogation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of arrogating, or making exorbitant claims; the act of taking more than one is justly entitled to.</def>

<i>Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Civ. Law)</fld> <def>Adoption of a person of full age.</def>

<h1>Arrogative</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ro*ga*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making undue claims and pretension; prone to arrogance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Arrondissement</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ron`disse`ment"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>arrondir</ets> to make round; <ets>ad + rond</ets> round, L. <ets>rotundus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A subdivision of a department.</def> <mark>[France]</mark>

<note>&hand; The territory of France, since the revolution, has been divided into <i>departments</i>, those into <i>arrondissements</i>, those into <i>cantons</i>, and the latter into <i>communes</i>.</note>

<h1>Arrose</h1>
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<hw>Ar*rose"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arroser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To drench; to besprinkle; to moisten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The blissful dew of heaven does <b>arrose</b> you.
<i>Two N. Kins.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arrosion</h1>
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<hw>Ar*ro"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arrodere</ets>, <ets>arrosum</ets>, to gnaw: cf. F. <ets>arrosion</ets>.]</ety> <def>A gnawing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Arrow</h1>
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<hw>Ar"row</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>arewe</ets>, AS. <ets>arewe</ets>, <ets>earh</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>\'94r</ets>, <ets>\'94rvar</ets>, Goth. <ets>arhwazna</ets>, and perh. L. <ets>arcus</ets> bow. Cf. <er>Arc</er>.]</ety> <def>A missile weapon of offense, slender, pointed, and usually feathered and barbed, to be shot from a bow.</def>

<cs><col>Broad arrow</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> An arrow with a broad head. <sd>(b)</sd> A mark placed upon British ordnance and government stores, which bears a rude resemblance to a broad arrowhead.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arrow grass</h1>
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<hw>Ar"row grass`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herbaceous grasslike plant <spn>(Triglochin palustre, and other species)</spn> with pods opening so as to suggest barbed arrowheads.</def>

<h1>Arrowhead</h1>
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<hw>Ar"row*head`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The head of an arrow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An aquatic plant of the genus <spn>Sagittaria</spn>, esp. <spn>S. sagittifolia</spn>, -- named from the shape of the leaves.</def>

<h1>Arrowheaded</h1>
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<hw>Ar"row*head`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shaped like the head of an arow; cuneiform.</def>

<cs><col>Arrowheaded characters</col>, <cd>characters the elements of which consist of strokes resembling arrowheads, nailheads, or wedges; -- hence called also <i>nail-headed<i>, <i>wedge-formed<i>, <i>cuneiform<i>, or <i>cuneatic<i> characters; the oldest written characters used in the country about the Tigris and Euphrates, and subsequently in Persia, and abounding among the ruins of Persepolis, Nineveh, and Babylon. See <er>Cuneiform</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arrowroot</h1>
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<hw>Ar"row*root`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A west Indian plant of the genus <spn>Maranta</spn>, esp. <spn>M. arundinacea</spn>, now cultivated in many hot countries. It said that the Indians used the roots to neutralize the venom in wounds made by poisoned arrows.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A nutritive starch obtained from the rootstocks of <spn>Maranta arundinacea</spn>, and used as food, esp. for children an invalids; also, a similar starch obtained from other plants, as various species of <spn>Maranta</spn> and <spn>Curcuma</spn>.</def>

<h1>Arrowwood</h1>
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<hw>Ar"row*wood`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shrub <spn>(Viburnum dentatum)</spn> growing in damp woods and thickets; -- so called from the long, straight, slender shoots.</def>

<h1>Arrowworm</h1>
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<hw>Ar"row*worm`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A peculiar transparent worm of the genus <spn>Sagitta</spn>, living at the surface of the sea. See <er>Sagitta</er>.</def>

<h1>Arrowy</h1>
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<hw>Ar"row*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of arrows.</def>

<blockquote>How quick they wheeled, and flying, behind them shot
Sharp sleet of <b>arrowy</b> showers.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formed or moving like, or in any respect resembling, an arrow; swift; darting; piercing.</def> "His <i>arrowy</i> tongue."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>By the blue rushing of the <b>arrowy</b> Rhone.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With <b>arrowy</b> vitalities, vivacities, and ingenuities.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Arroyo</h1>
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<hw>Ar*roy"o</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl <plw>Arroyos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp., fr. LL. <ets>arrogium</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ river, stream, fr. <?/ to flow.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A water course; a rivulet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The dry bed of a small stream.</def> <mark>[Western U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Arschin</h1>
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<hw>Ar"schin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Arshine</er>.</def>

<h1>Arse</h1>
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<hw>Arse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ears</ets>; <ets>\'91rs</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>ars</ets>. G. <ets>arsch</ets>, D. <ets>aars</ets>, Sw. <ets>ars</ets>, Dan. <ets>arts</ets>, Gr. <?/ (cf. <?/ tail).]</ety> <def>The buttocks, or hind part of an animal; the posteriors; the fundament; the bottom.</def>

<h1>Arsenal</h1>
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<hw>Ar"se*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. & F. <ets>arsenal</ets> arsenal, dockyard, or It. <ets>arzanale</ets>, <ets>arsenale</ets> (cf. It. & <ets>darsena</ets> dock); all fr. Ar. <ets>d\'ber<?/in\'be'a</ets> house of industry or fabrication; <ets>d\'ber</ets> house + <ets><?/in\'be</ets> art, industry.]</ety> <def>A public establishment for the storage, or for the manufacture and storage, of arms and all military equipments, whether for land or naval service.</def>

<h1>Arsenate</h1>
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<hw>Ar"se*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of arsenic acid.</def>

<h1>Arseniate</h1>
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<hw>Ar*se"ni*ate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Arsenate</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Arsenic</h1>
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<hw>Ar"se*nic</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arsenicum</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, yellow orpiment, perh. fr. <?/ or better Attic <?/ masculine, <?/ male, on account of its strength, or fr. Per. <ets>zern\'c6kh</ets>: cf. F. <ets>arsenic</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the elements, a solid substance resembling a metal in its physical properties, but in its chemical relations ranking with the nonmetals. It is of a steel-gray color and brilliant luster, though usually dull from tarnish. It is very brittle, and sublimes at 356&deg; Fahrenheit. It is sometimes found native, but usually combined with silver, cobalt, nickel, iron, antimony, or sulphur. Orpiment and realgar are two of its sulphur compounds, the first of which is the true <i>arsenticum</i> of the ancients. The element and its compounds are active poisons. Specific gravity from 5.7 to 5.9. Atomic weight. Symbol As.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Arsenious oxide or arsenious anhydride; -- called also <altname>arsenious acid</altname>, <altname>white arsenic</altname>, and <altname>ratsbane</altname>.</def>

<h1>Arsenic</h1>
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<hw>Ar*sen"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, arsenic; -- said of those compounds of arsenic in which this element has its highest equivalence; <as>as, <ex>arsenic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Arsenical</h1>
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<hw>Ar*sen"ic*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to, or containing, arsenic; <as>as, <ex>arsenical</ex> vapor; <ex>arsenical</ex> wall papers.</as></def>

<cs><col>Arsenical silver</col>, <cd>an ore of silver containing arsenic.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arsenicate</h1>
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<hw>Ar*sen"i*cate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Arsenicated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arsenicating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To combine with arsenic; to treat or impregnate with arsenic.</def>

<h1>Arsenicism</h1>
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<hw>Ar*sen"i*cism</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A diseased condition produced by slow poisoning with arsenic.</def>

<h1>Arsenide</h1>
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<hw>Ar"sen*ide</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of arsenic with a metal, or positive element or radical; -- formerly called <i>arseniuret</i>.</def>

<h1>Arseniferous</h1>
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<hw>Ar`sen*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Arsenic</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing or producing arsenic.</def>

<h1>Arsenious</h1>
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<hw>Ar*se"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ars\'82nieux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, consisting of, or containing, arsenic; <as>as, <ex>arsenious</ex> powder or glass</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, arsenic, when having an equivalence next lower than the highest; <as>as, <ex>arsenious</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Arsenite</h1>
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<hw>Ar"sen*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ars\'82nite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt formed by the union of arsenious acid with a base.</def>

<h1>Arseniuret</h1>
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<hw>Ar`se*ni"u*ret</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Arsenide</er>.</def>

<h1>Arseniureted</h1>
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<hw>Ar`se*ni"u*ret`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined with arsenic; -- said some elementary substances or radicals; <as>as, <ex>arseniureted</ex> hydrogen</as>.</def> <altsp>[Also spelt <asp>arseniuretted</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Arsenopyrite</h1>
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<hw>Ar`sen*o*pyr"ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Arsenic</ets> + <ets>pyrite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a tin-white color and metallic luster, containing arsenic, sulphur, and iron; -- also called <i>arsenical pyrites</i> and <i>mispickel</i>.</def>

<h1>Arsesmart</h1>
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<hw>Arse"smart</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Smartweed; water pepper.</def>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Arshine</h1>
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<hw>Ar"shine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>arshin</ets>, of Turkish-Tartar origin; Turk. <ets>arshin</ets>, <ets>arsh\'d4n</ets>, ell, yard.]</ety> <def>A Russian measure of length = 2 ft. 4.246 inches.</def>

<h1>Arsine</h1>
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<hw>Ar"sine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Arsenic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of arsenic and hydrogen, <chform>AsH3</chform>, a colorless and exceedingly poisonous gas, having and odor like garlic; arseniureted hydrogen.</def>

<h1>Arsis</h1>
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<hw>Ar"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arsis</ets>, Gr. <?/ a raising or lifting, an elevation of the voice, fr. <?/ to raise or apprehension; originally and properly it denotes the <ets>lifting</ets> of the hand in beating time, and hence the unaccented part of the rhythm.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of a foot where the <i>ictus</i> is put, or which is distinguished from the rest (known as the <i>thesis</i>) of the foot by a greater stress of voice.</def> <i>Hermann</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That elevation of voice now called <altname>metrical accentuation</altname>, or the rhythmic accent.</def>

<note>&hand; It is uncertain whether the <i>arsis</i> originally consisted in a higher musical tone, greater volume, or longer duration of sound, or in all combined.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The elevation of the hand, or that part of the bar at which it is raised, in beating time; the weak or unaccented part of the bar; -- opposed to <i>thesis</i>.</def>

<i>Moore.</i>

<h1>Arsmetrike</h1>
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<hw>Ars`met"rike</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[An erroneous form of <ets>arithmetic</ets>, as if from L. <ets>ars metrica</ets> the measuring art.]</ety> <def>Arithmetic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Arson</h1>
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<hw>Ar"son</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>arson</ets>, <ets>arsun</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ardere</ets>, <ets>arsum</ets>, to burn.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The malicious burning of a dwelling house or outhouse of another man, which by the common law is felony; the malicious and voluntary firing of a building or ship.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<note>&hand; The definition of this crime is varied by statues in different countries and states. The English law of arson has been considerably modified in the United States; in some of the States it has been materially enlarged, while in others, various degrees of arson have been established, with corresponding punishment.</note>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Art</h1>
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<hw>Art</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>The second person singular, indicative mode, present tense, of the substantive verb <er>Be</er>; but formed after the analogy of the plural <i>are</i>, with the ending -<i>t</i>, as in thou shal<i>t</i>, wil<i>t</i>, orig. an ending of the second person sing. pret. Cf. <er>Be</er>. Now used only in solemn or poetical style.</def>

<-- p. 85  -->

<h1>Art</h1>
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<hw>Art</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>art</ets>, L. <ets>ars</ets>, <ets>artis</ets>, orig., skill in joining or fitting; prob. akin to E. <ets>arm</ets>, <ets>aristocrat</ets>, <ets>article</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The employment of means to accomplish some desired end; the adaptation of things in the natural world to the uses of life; the application of knowledge or power to practical purposes.</def>

<blockquote>Blest with each grace of nature and of <b>art</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A system of rules serving to facilitate the performance of certain actions; a system of principles and rules for attaining a desired end; method of doing well some special work; -- often contradistinguished from <i>science</i> or speculative principles; <as>as, the <ex>art</ex> of building or engraving; the <ex>art</ex> of war; the <ex>art</ex> of navigation.</as></def>

<blockquote>Science is systematized knowledge . . . <i>Art</i> is knowledge made efficient by skill.
<i>J. F. Genung.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The systematic application of knowledge or skill in effecting a desired result. Also, an occupation or business requiring such knowledge or skill.</def>

<blockquote>The fishermen can't employ their <b>art</b> with so much success in so troubled a sea.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The application of skill to the production of the beautiful by imitation or design, or an occupation in which skill is so employed, as in painting and sculpture; one of the fine arts; <as>as, he prefers <ex>art</ex> to literature</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Those branches of learning which are taught in the academical course of colleges; <as>as, master of <ex>arts</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>In fearless youth we tempt the heights of <b>arts</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Four years spent in the <b>arts</b> (as they are called in colleges) is, perhaps, laying too laborious a foundation.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Learning; study; applied knowledge, science, or letters.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>So vast is <b>art</b>, so narrow human wit.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Skill, dexterity, or the power of performing certain actions, asquired by experience, study, or observation; knack; a, a man has the <i>art</i> of managing his business to advantage.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Skillful plan; device.</def>

<blockquote>They employed every <b>art</b> to soothe . . . the discontented warriors.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Cunning; artifice; craft.</def>

<blockquote>Madam, I swear I use no <b>art</b> at all.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Animals practice <b>art</b> when opposed to their superiors in strength.
<i>Crabb.</i></blockquote>

<h1>10</h1>
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<hw>10</hw> <def>To black art; magic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Art and part</col> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>, <cd>share or concern by aiding and abetting a criminal in the perpetration of a crime, whether by advice or by assistance in the execution; complicity.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; The <i>arts</i> are divided into various classes. <col>The useful, mechanical, or industrial arts</col> are those in which the hands and body are concerned than the mind; as in making clothes and utensils. These are called <i>trades</i>. <col>The fine arts</col> are those which have primarily to do with imagination taste, and are applied to the production of what is beautiful. They include poetry, music, painting, engraving, sculpture, and architecture; but the term is often confined to painting, sculpture, and architecture. <col>The liberal arts</col> (<i>artes liberales</i>, the higher arts, which, among the Romans, only freemen were permitted to pursue) were, in the Middle Ages, these seven branches of learning, -- grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. In modern times the <i>liberal arts</i> include the sciences, philosophy, history, etc., which compose the course of academical or collegiate education. Hence, degrees in the <i>arts</i>; master and bachelor of <i>arts</i>.</note>

<blockquote>In America, literature and the elegant <b>arts</b> must grow up side by side with the coarser plants of daily necessity.
<i>Irving.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Science; literature; aptitude; readiness; skill; dexterity; adroitness; contrivance; profession; business; trade; calling; cunning; artifice; duplicity. See <er>Science</er>.</syn>

<h1>Artemia</h1>
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<hw>Ar*te"mi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, a Greek goddess.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of phyllopod Crustacea found in salt lakes and brines; the brine shrimp. See <er>Brine shrimp</er>.</def>

<h1>Artemisia</h1>
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<hw>Ar`te*mi"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Artemisia</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants including the plants called mugwort, southernwood, and wormwood. Of these <spn>A. absinthium</spn>, or common wormwood, is well known, and <spn>A. tridentata</spn> is the sage brush of the Rocky Mountain region.</def>

<h1>Arteriac</h1>
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<hw>Ar*te"ri*ac</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arteriacus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Artery</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the windpipe.</def>

<h1>Arterial</h1>
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<hw>Ar*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>art\'82riel</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an artery, or the arteries; <as>as, <ex>arterial</ex> action; the <ex>arterial</ex> system.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a main channel (resembling an artery), as a river, canal, or railroad.</def>

<cs><col>Arterial blood</col>, <cd>blood which has been changed and vitalized (arterialized) during passage through the lungs.</cd></cs>

<h1>Arterialization</h1>
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<hw>Ar*te`ri*al*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The process of converting venous blood into arterial blood during its passage through the lungs, oxygen being absorbed and carbonic acid evolved; -- called also <altname>a\'89ration</altname> and <altname>hematosis</altname>.</def>

<h1>Arterialize</h1>
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<hw>Ar*te"ri*al*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Arterialized</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Arterializing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To transform, as the venous blood, into arterial blood by exposure to oxygen in the lungs; to make arterial.</def>

<h1>Arteriography</h1>
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<hw>Ar*te`ri*og"ra*phy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A systematic description of the arteries.</def>

<h1>Arteriole</h1>
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<hw>Ar*te"ri*ole</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>arteriola</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>arteria</ets>: cf. F. <ets>art\'82riole</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small artery.</def>

<h1>Arteriology</h1>
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<hw>Ar*te`ri*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of anatomy which treats of arteries.</def>

<h1>Arteriotomy</h1>
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<hw>Ar*te`ri*ot"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arteriotomia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ a cutting.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The opening of an artery, esp. for bloodletting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That part of anatomy which treats of the dissection of the arteries.</def>

<h1>Arteritis</h1>
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<hw>Ar`te*ri"tis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Artery</ets> + <ets>-etis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Inflammation of an artery or arteries.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Artery</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ter*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Artplwies</er> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>arteria</ets> windpipe, artery, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The trachea or windpipe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Under the <i>artery</i>, or windpipe, is the mouth of the stomach."

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the vessels or tubes which carry either venous or arterial blood from the heart. They have tricker and more muscular walls than veins, and are connected with them by capillaries.</def>

<note>&hand; In man and other mammals, the arteries which contain arterialized blood receive it from the left ventricle of the heart through the aorta. See <er>Aorta</er>. The <i>pulmonary artery</i> conveys the venous blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, whence the arterialized blood is returned through the pulmonary veins.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: Any continuous or ramified channel of communication; <as>as, <ex>arteries</ex> of trade or commerce</as>.</def>

<h1>Artesian</h1>
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<hw>Ar*te"sian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>art\'82sien</ets>, fr. <ets>Artois</ets> in France, where many such wells have been made since the middle of the last century.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Artois (anciently called <i>Artesium</i>), in France.</def>

<cs><col>Artesian wells</col>, <cd>wells made by boring into the earth till the instrument reaches water, which, from internal pressure, flows spontaneously like a fountain. They are usually of small diameter and often of great depth.</cd></cs>

<h1>Artful</h1>
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<hw>Art"ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Art</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Performed with, or characterized by, art or skill.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "<i>Artful</i> strains." "<i>Artful</i> terms."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Artificial; imitative.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Using or exhibiting much art, skill, or contrivance; dexterous; skillful.</def>

<blockquote>He [was] too <b>artful</b> a writer to set down events in exact historical order.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Cunning; disposed to cunning indirectness of dealing; crafty; <as>as, an <ex>artful</ex> boy</as>. [The usual sense.]</def>

<blockquote><b>Artful</b> in speech, in action, and in mind.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>artful</b> revenge of various animals.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Cunning; skillful; adroit; dexterous; crafty; tricky; deceitful; designing. See <er>Cunning</er>.</syn>

<h1>Artfully</h1>
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<hw>Art"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an artful manner; with art or cunning; skillfully; dexterously; craftily.</def>

<h1>Artfulness</h1>
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<hw>Art"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being artful; art; cunning; craft.</def>

<h1>Arthen</h1>
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<hw>Ar"then</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as</def> <er>Earthen</er>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "An <i>arthen</i> pot."

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Arthritic, Arthritical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar*thrit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar*thrit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arthriticus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Arthritis</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the joints.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to arthritis; gouty.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Arthritis</h1>
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<hw>Ar*thri"tis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ (as if fem. of <?/ belonging to the joints, sc. <?/ disease) gout, fr. <?/ a joint.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any inflammation of the joints, particularly the gout.</def>

<h1>Arthroderm</h1>
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<hw>Ar"thro*derm</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ joint + <ets>'derm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The external covering of an Arthropod.</def>

<h1>Arthrodia</h1>
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<hw>Ar*thro"di*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ well articulated; <?/ a joint + <?/ shape.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A form of diarthrodial articulation in which the articular surfaces are nearly flat, so that they form only an imperfect ball and socket.</def>

<h1>Arthrodial, Arthrodic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar*thro"di*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar*throd"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to arthrodia.</def>

<h1>Arthrodynia</h1>
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<hw>Ar`thro*dyn"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ joint + <?/<?/ pain.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An affection characterized by pain in or about a joint, not dependent upon structural disease.</def>

<h1>Arthrodynic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`thro*dyn"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to arthrodynia, or pain in the joints; rheumatic.</def>

<h1>Arthrogastra</h1>
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<hw>Ar`thro*gas"tra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ joint + <?/ stomach.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of the Arachnida, having the abdomen annulated, including the scorpions, harvestmen, etc.; pedipalpi.</def>

<h1>Arthrography</h1>
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<hw>Ar*throg"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ joint + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The description of joints.</def>

<h1>Arthrology</h1>
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<hw>Ar*throl"o*gy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ joint + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of anatomy which treats of joints.</def>

<h1>Arthromere</h1>
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<hw>Ar"thro*mere</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ joint + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the body segments of Arthropods. See <er>Arthrostraca</er>.</def>

<i>Packard.</i>

<h1>Arthropleura</h1>
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<hw>Ar`thro*pleu"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ joint + <?/ the side.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The side or limb-bearing portion of an arthromere.</def>

<h1>Arthropod</h1>
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<hw>Ar"thro*pod</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Arthropoda.</def>

<h1>Arthropoda</h1>
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<hw>Ar*throp"o*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ joint + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large division of Articulata, embracing all those that have jointed legs. It includes Insects, Arachnida, Pychnogonida, and Crustacea.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ar*throp"o*dal</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Arthropomata</h1>
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<hw>Ar`thro*pom"a*ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ joint + <?/ lid.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the orders of Branchiopoda. See <er>Branchiopoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Arthrosis</h1>
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<hw>Ar*thro"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ joint.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Articulation.</def>

<h1>Arthrostraca</h1>
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<hw>Ar*thros"tra*ca</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ joint + <?/ a shell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the larger divisions of Crustacea, so called because the thorax and abdomen are both segmented; Tetradecapoda. It includes the Amphipoda and Isopoda.</def>

<h1>Arthrozoic</h1>
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<hw>Ar`thro*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ joint + <?/ animal, fr. <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Articulata; articulate.</def>

<h1>Artiad</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ti*ad</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ even, fr. <?/ exactly.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Even; not odd; -- said of elementary substances and of radicals the valence of which is divisible by two without a remainder.</def>

<h1>Artichoke</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ti*choke</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>articioc<?/o</ets>, perh. corrupted fr. the same word as <ets>carciofo</ets>; cf. older spellings <ets>archiciocco</ets>, <ets>archicioffo</ets>, <ets>carciocco</ets>, and Sp. <ets>alcachofa</ets>, Pg. <ets>alcachofra</ets>; prob. fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>harshaf</ets>, <ets>al</ets>-<ets>kharsh<?/f</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The <i>Cynara scolymus</i>, a plant somewhat resembling a thistle, with a dilated, imbricated, and prickly involucre. The head (to which the name is also applied) is composed of numerous oval scales, inclosing the florets, sitting on a broad receptacle, which, with the fleshy base of the scales, is much esteemed as an article of food.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Jerusalem artichoke</er>.</def>

<h1>Article</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ti*cle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>articulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>artus</ets> joint, akin to Gr. <?/, fr. a root <ets>ar</ets> to join, fit. See <er>Art</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A distinct portion of an instrument, discourse, literary work, or any other writing, consisting of two or more particulars, or treating of various topics; <as>as, an <ex>article</ex> in the Constitution</as>. Hence: A clause in a contract, system of regulations, treaty, or the like; a term, condition, or stipulation in a contract; a concise statement; <as>as, <ex>articles</ex> of agreement</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A literary composition, forming an independent portion of a magazine, newspaper, or cyclopedia.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Subject; matter; concern; distinct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A very great revolution that happened in this <b>article</b> of good breeding.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This last <b>article</b> will hardly be believed.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A distinct part.</def>   "Upon each <i>article</i> of human duty." <i>Paley</i>. "Each <i>article</i> of time." <i>Habington</i>.

<blockquote>The <b>articles</b> which compose the blood.
<i>E. Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A particular one of various things; <as>as, an <ex>article</ex> of merchandise; salt is a necessary <ex>article</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>They would fight not for articles of faith, but for <b>articles</b> of food.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Precise point of time; moment.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>This fatal news coming to Hick's Hall upon the <b>article</b> of my Lord Russell's trial, was said to have had no little influence on the jury and all the bench to his prejudice.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>One of the three words, <i>a</i>, <i>an</i>, <i>the</i>, used before nouns to limit or define their application. <i>A</i> (or <i>an</i>) is called the indefinite article, <i>the</i> the definite article.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the segments of an articulated appendage.</def>

<cs><col>Articles of Confederation</col>, <cd>the compact which was first made by the original thirteen States of the United States. They were adopted March 1, 1781, and remained the supreme law until March, 1789.</cd> -- <col>Articles of impeachment</col>, <cd>an instrument which, in cases of impeachment, performs the same office which an indictment does in a common criminal case.</cd> -- <col>Articles of war</col>, <cd>rules and regulations, fixed by law, for the better government of the army.</cd> -- <col>In the article of death</col> <ety>[L. <ets>in articulo mortis<ets>]</ety>, <cd>at the moment of death; in the dying struggle.</cd> -- <col>Lords of the articles</col> <fld>(Scot. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a standing committee of the Scottish Parliament to whom was intrusted the drafting and preparation of the acts, or bills for laws.</cd> -- <col>The Thirty-nine Articles</col>, <cd>statements (thirty-nine in number) of the tenets held by the Church of England.</cd></cs>

<h1>Article</h1>
<Xpage=85>

<hw>Ar"ti*cle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Articled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Articling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>articuler</ets>, fr. L. <ets>articulare</ets>. See <er>Article</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Articulate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To formulate in articles; to set forth in distinct particulars.</def>

<blockquote>If all his errors and follies were <b>articled</b> against him, the man would seem vicious and miserable.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To accuse or charge by an exhibition of articles.</def>

<blockquote>He shall be <b>articled</b> against in the high court of admiralty.
<i>Stat. 33 Geo. III.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bind by articles of covenant or stipulation; <as>as, to <ex>article</ex> an apprentice to a mechanic</as>.</def>

<h1>Article</h1>
<Xpage=85>

<hw>Ar"ti*cle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To agree by articles; to stipulate; to bargain; to covenant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Then he <b>articled</b> with her that he should go away when he pleased.
<i>Selden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Articled</h1>
<Xpage=85>

<hw>Ar"ti*cled</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bound by articles; apprenticed; <as>as, an <ex>articled</ex> clerk</as>.</def>

<h1>Articular</h1>
<Xpage=85>

<hw>Ar*tic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>articularis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>articulaire</ets>. See <er>Article</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the joints; <as>as, an <ex>articular</ex> disease; an <ex>articular</ex> process.</as></def>

<h1>Articular, Articulary</h1>
<Xpage=85>

<hw><hw>Ar*tic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar*tic"u*la*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bone in the base of the lower jaw of many birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.</def>

<-- p. 86  -->

<h1>Articularly</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Ar*tic"u*lar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an articular or an articulate manner.</def>

<h1>Articulata</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Ar*tic`u*la"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Neut. pl. from L. <ets>articulatus</ets> furnished with joints, distinct, p. p. of <ets>articulare</ets>.  See <er>Article</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the four subkingdoms in the classification of Cuvier. It has been much modified by later writers.</def>

<note>&hand; It includes those Invertebrata having the body composed of ringlike segments (arthromeres). By some writers, the unsegmented worms (helminths) have also been included; by others it is restricted to the Arthropoda. It corresponds nearly with the Annulosa of some authors. The chief subdivisions are Arthropoda (Insects, Myriapoda, Arachnida, Pycnogonida, Crustacea); and Anarthropoda, including the Annelida and allied forms.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the subdivisions of the Brachiopoda, including those that have the shells united by a hinge.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A subdivision of the Crinoidea.</def>

<h1>Articulate</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tic"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>articulatus</ets>. See <er>Articulata</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Expressed in articles or in separate items or particulars.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Jointed; formed with joints; consisting of segments united by joints; <as>as, <ex>articulate</ex> animals or plants</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Distinctly uttered; spoken so as to be intelligible; characterized by division into words and syllables; <as>as, <ex>articulate</ex> speech, sounds, words</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Total changes of party and <b>articulate</b> opinion.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Articulate</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tic"u*late</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal of the subkingdom Articulata.</def>

<h1>Articulate</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Ar*tic"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Articulated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Articulating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>]</wordforms>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter articulate sounds; to utter the elementary sounds of a language; to enunciate; to speak distinctly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat or make terms.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To join or be connected by articulation.</def>

<h1>Articulate</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Ar*tic"u*late</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To joint; to unite by means of a joint; to put together with joints or at the joints.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw up or write in separate articles; to particularize; to specify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To form, as the elementary sounds; to utter in distinct syllables or words; to enunciate; <as>as, to <ex>articulate</ex> letters or language</as>.</def> "To <i>articulate</i> a word."

<i>Ray.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To express distinctly; to give utterance to.</def>

<blockquote>Luther <b>articulated</b> himself upon a process that hand already begun in the Christian church.
<i>Bibliotheca Sacra.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To . . . <b>articulate</b> the dumb, deep want of the people.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Articulated</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tic"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>United by, or provided with, articulations; jointed; <as>as, an <ex>articulated</ex> skeleton</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Produced, as a letter, syllable, or word, by the organs of speech; pronounced.</def>

<h1>Articulately</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Ar*tic"u*late*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>After the manner, or in the form, of a joint.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Article by article; in distinct particulars; in detail; definitely.</def>

<i>Paley.</i>

<blockquote>I had <b>articulately</b> set down in writing our points.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>With distinct utterance of the separate sounds.</def>

<h1>Articulateness</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Ar*tic"u*late*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being articulate.</def>

<h1>Articulation</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Ar*tic`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>articulation</ets>, fr. L. <ets>articulatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A joint or juncture between bones in the skeleton.</def>

<note>&hand; Articulations may be immovable, when the bones are directly united (synarthrosis), or slightly movable, when they are united intervening substance (amphiarthrosis), or they may be more or less freely movable, when the articular surfaces are covered with synovial membranes, as in complete joints (diarthrosis). The last (diarthrosis) includes hinge joints, admitting motion in one plane only (ginglymus), ball and socket joints (enarthrosis), pivot and rotation joints, etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The connection of the parts of a plant by joints, as in pods.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the nodes or joints, as in cane and maize.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>One of the parts intercepted between the joints; also, a subdivision into parts at regular or irregular intervals as a result of serial intermission in growth, as in the cane, grasses, etc.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of putting together with a joint or joints; any meeting of parts in a joint.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The state of being jointed; connection of parts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>That definiteness and <b>articulation</b> of imagery.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The utterance of the elementary sounds of a language by the appropriate movements of the organs, as in pronunciation; <as>as, a distinct <ex>articulation</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A sound made by the vocal organs; an articulate utterance or an elementary sound, esp. a consonant.</def>

<h1>Articulative</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Ar*tic"u*la*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to articulation.</def>

<i>Bush.</i>

<h1>Articulator</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tic"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, articulates; as: <sd>(a)</sd> One who enunciates distinctly. <sd>(b)</sd> One who prepares and mounts skeletons. <sd>(c)</sd> An instrument to cure stammering.</def>

<h1>Articulus</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tic"u*lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Articuli</plw> (#)</plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Article</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A joint of the cirri of the Crinoidea; a joint or segment of an arthropod appendage.</def>

<h1>Artifice</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ti*fice</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>artificium</ets>, fr. <ets>artifex</ets> artificer; <ets>ars</ets>, <ets>artis</ets>, art + <ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F. <ets>artifice</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A handicraft; a trade; art of making.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Workmanship; a skillfully contrived work.</def>

<blockquote>The material universe.. in the <b>artifice</b> of God, the <b>artifice</b> of the best Mechanist.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Artful or skillful contrivance.</def>

<blockquote>His [Congreve's] plots were constructed without much <b>artifice</b>.
<i>Craik.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Crafty device; an artful, ingenious, or elaborate trick. <note>[Now the usual meaning.]</note></def>

<blockquote>Those who were conscious of guilt employed numerous <b>artifices</b> for the purpose of averting inquiry.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Artificer</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tif"i*cer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>artificier</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>artificiarius</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An artistic worker; a mechanic or manufacturer; one whose occupation requires skill or knowledge of a particular kind, as a silversmith.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who makes or contrives; a deviser, inventor, or framer.</def> "<i>Artificer</i> of fraud."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The great <b>Artificer</b> of all that moves.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A cunning or artful fellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A military mechanic, as a blacksmith, carpenter, etc.; also, one who prepares the shells, fuses, grenades, etc., in a military laboratory.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Artisan; artist. See <er>Artisan</er>.</syn>

<h1>Artificial</h1>
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<hw>Ar`ti*fi"cial</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>artificialis</ets>, fr. <ets>artificium</ets>: cf. F. <ets>artificiel</ets>. See <er>Artifice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human skill and labor, in opposition to <i>natural</i>; <as>as, <ex>artificial</ex> heat or light, gems, salts, minerals, fountains, flowers</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Artificial</b> strife
Lives in these touches, livelier than life.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine.</def> "<i>Artificial</i> tears."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Artful; cunning; crafty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous growth; <as>as, <ex>artificial</ex> grasses</as>.</def>

<i>Gibbon.</i>

<cs><col>Artificial arguments</col> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld>, <cd>arguments invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws, authorities, and the like, which are called <i>inartificial<i> arguments or proofs.</cd> <i>Johnson</i>. -- <col>Artificial classification</col> <fld>(Science)</fld>, <cd>an arrangement based on superficial characters, and not expressing the true natural relations species; as, "the <i>artificial<i> system" in botany, which is the same as the Linn\'91an system.</cd> -- <col>Artificial horizon</col>. <cd>See under <er>Horizon</er></cd>. <col>Artificial light</col>, <cd>any light other than that which proceeds from the heavenly bodies.</cd> -- <col>Artificial lines</col>, <cd>lines on a sector or scale, so contrived as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents, which, by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, etc.</cd> -- <col>Artificial numbers</col>, <cd>logarithms.</cd> -- <col>Artificial person</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>. <cd>See under <er>Person</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Artificial sines</col>, <col>tangents</col></mcol>, <cd>etc., the same as logarithms of the natural, tangents, etc. <i>Hutton<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Artificiality</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Ar`ti*fi`ci*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or appearance of being artificial; that which is artificial.</def>

<h1>Artificialize</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Ar`ti*fi"cial*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render artificial.</def>

<h1>Artificially</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Ar`ti*fi"cial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an artificial manner; by art, or skill and contrivance, not by nature.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ingeniously; skillfully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The spider's web, finely and <b>artificially</b> wrought.
<i>Tillotson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Craftily; artfully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sharp dissembled so <b>artificially</b>.

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Artificialness</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Ar`ti*fi"cial*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being artificial.</def>

<h1>Artificious</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Ar`ti*fi"cious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>artificiosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Artificial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Artilize</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Art"i*lize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make resemble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If I was a philosopher, says Montaigne, I would naturalize art instead of <b>artilizing</b> nature.
<i>Bolingbroke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Artillerist</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Ar*til"ler*ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person skilled in artillery or gunnery; a gunner; an artilleryman.</def>

<h1>Artillery</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Ar*til"ler*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>artilrie</ets>, OF. <ets>artillerie</ets>, <ets>arteillerie</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>artillaria</ets>, <ets>artilleria</ets>, machines and apparatus of all kinds used in war, vans laden with arms of any kind which follow camps; F. <ets>artillerie</ets> great guns, ordnance; OF. <ets>artillier</ets> to work artifice, to fortify, to arm, prob. from L. <ets>ars</ets>, <ets>artis</ets>, skill in joining something, art. See <er>Art</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Munitions of war; implements for warfare, as slings, bows, and arrows.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And Jonathan gave his <b>artillery</b> unto his lad.
<i>1 Sam. xx. 40.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cannon; great guns; ordnance, including guns, mortars, howitzers, etc., with their equipment of carriages, balls, bombs, and shot of all kinds.</def>

<note>&hand; The word is sometimes used in a more extended sense, including the powder, cartridges, matches, utensils, machines of all kinds, and horses, that belong to a train of artillery.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The men and officers of that branch of the army to which the care and management of artillery are confided.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The science of artillery or gunnery.</def>

<i>Campbell.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Artillery park</col>, or <col>Park of artillery</col></mcol>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A collective body of siege or field artillery, including the guns, and the carriages, ammunition, appurtenances, equipments, and persons necessary for working them. <sd>(b)</sd> The place where the artillery is encamped or collected.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Artillery train</col>, or <col>Train of artillery</col></mcol>, <cd>a number of pieces of ordnance mounted on carriages, with all their furniture, ready for marching.</cd></cs>

<h1>Artilleryman</h1>
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<hw>Ar*til"ler*y*man</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A man who manages, or assists in managing, a large gun in firing.</def>

<h1>Artiodactyla</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Ar`ti*o*dac"ty*la</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ even + <?/ finger or toe.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the divisions of the ungulate animals. The functional toes of the hind foot are even in number, and the third digit of each foot (corresponding to the middle finger in man) is asymmetrical and paired with the fourth digit, as in the hog, the sheep, and the ox; -- opposed to <i>Perissodactyla</i>.</def>

<h1>Artiodactyle</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Ar`ti*o*dac"tyle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Artiodactyla.</def>

<h1>Artiodactylous</h1>
<Xpage=86>

<hw>Ar`ti*o*dac"ty*lous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Even-toed.</def>

<h1>Artisan</h1>
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<hw>Ar"ti*san</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>artisan</ets>, fr. L. <ets>artitus</ets> skilled in arts, fr. <ets>ars</ets>, <ets>artis</ets>, art: cf. It. <ets>artigiano</ets>. See <er>Art</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who professes and practices some liberal art; an artist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One trained to manual dexterity in some mechanic art or trade; and handicraftsman; a mechanic.</def>

<blockquote>This is willingly submitted to by the <b>artisan</b>, who can . . . compensate his additional toil and fatigue.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Artificer; artist.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Artisan</er>, <er>Artist</er>, <er>Artificer</er>. An <i>artist</i> is one who is skilled in some one of the fine arts; an <i>artisan</i> is one who exercises any mechanical employment. A portrait painter is an <i>artist</i>; a sign painter is an <i>artisan</i>, although he may have the taste and skill of an artist. The occupation of the former requires a fine taste and delicate manipulation; that of the latter demands only an ordinary degree of contrivance and imitative power. An <i>artificer</i> is one who requires power of contrivance and adaptation in the exercise of his profession. The word suggest neither the idea of mechanical conformity to rule which attaches to the term <i>artisan</i>, nor the ideas of refinement and of peculiar skill which belong to the term <i>artist</i>.</usage>

<h1>Artist</h1>
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<hw>Art"ist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>artiste</ets>, LL. <ets>artista</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ars</ets>. See <er>Art</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Artiste</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who practices some mechanic art or craft; an artisan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>How to build ships, and dreadful ordnance cast,
Instruct the <b>articles</b> and reward their.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who professes and practices an art in which science and taste preside over the manual execution.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is particularly applied to painters, sculptors, musicians, engravers, and architects.</note>

<i>Elmes.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who shows trained skill or rare taste in any manual art or occupation.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An artful person; a schemer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Artisan. See <er>Artisan</er>.</syn>

<h1>Artiste</h1>
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<hw>Ar*tiste"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Artist</er>.]</ety> <def>One peculiarly dexterous and tasteful in almost any employment, as an opera dancer, a hairdresser, a cook.</def>

<note>&hand; This term should not be confounded with the English word <i>artist</i>.</note>

<h1>Artistic, Artistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar*tis"tic</hw>, <hw>Ar*tis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>artistique</ets>, fr. <ets>artiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to art or to artists; made in the manner of an artist; conformable to art; characterized by art; showing taste or skill.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ar*tis"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Artistry</h1>
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<hw>Art"ist*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Works of art collectively.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Artistic effect or quality.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Artistic pursuits; artistic ability.</def>

<i>The Academy.</i>

<h1>Artless</h1>
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<hw>Art"less</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanting art, knowledge, or skill; ignorant; unskillful.</def>

<blockquote><b>Artless</b> of stars and of the moving sand.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contrived without skill or art; inartistic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Artless</b> and massy pillars.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Free from guile, art, craft, or stratagem; characterized by simplicity and sincerity; sincere; guileless; ingenuous; honest; <as>as, an <ex>artless</ex> mind; an <ex>artless</ex> tale.</as></def>

<blockquote>They were plain, <b>artless</b> men, without the least appearance of enthusiasm or credulity about them.
<i>Porteus.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O, how unlike the complex works of man,
Heaven's easy, <b>artless</b>, unencumbered plan!
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Simple; unaffected; sincere; undesigning; guileless; unsophisticated; open; frank; candid.</syn>

<h1>Artlessly</h1>
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<hw>Art"less*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an artless manner; without art, skill, or guile; unaffectedly.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Artlessness</h1>
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<hw>Art"less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being artless, or void of art or guile; simplicity; sincerity.</def>

<h1>Artly</h1>
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<hw>Art"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With art or skill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Artocarpeous, Artocarpous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ar`to*car"pe*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ar`to*car"pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bread + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the breadfruit, or to the genus <spn>Artocarpus</spn>.</def>

<h1>Artotype</h1>
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<hw>Ar"to*type</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Art</ets> + <ets>type</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of autotype.</def>

<h1>Artotyrite</h1>
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<hw>Ar`to*ty"rite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>Artotyritae</ets>, pl., fr. Gr. <?/ bread + <?/ cheese.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect in the primitive church, who celebrated the Lord's Supper with bread and cheese, alleging that the first oblations of men not only of the fruit of the earth, but of their flocks. [<i>Gen. iv. 3, 4.</i>]</def>

<h1>Artow</h1>
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<hw>Ar"tow</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A contraction of <i>art thou</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Artsman</h1>
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<hw>Arts"man</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A man skilled in an art or in arts.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Art union</h1>
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<hw>Art` un"ion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>An association for promoting art (esp. the arts of design), and giving encouragement to artists.</def>

<h1>Arum</h1>
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<hw>A"rum</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arum</ets>, <ets>aros</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A genus of plants found in central Europe and about the Mediterranean, having flowers on a spadix inclosed in a spathe. The cuckoopint of the English is an example.</def>

<blockquote>Our common <b>arums</b> the lords and ladies of village children.
<i>Lubbock.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The American "Jack in the pulpit" is now separated from the genus Arum.</note>

<h1>Arundelian</h1>
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<hw>Ar`un*del"ian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an Earl of Arundel; <as>as, Arundel or <ex>Arundelian</ex> marbles, marbles from ancient Greece, bought by the Earl of Arundel in 1624</as>.</def>

<h1>Arundiferous</h1>
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<hw>Ar`un*dif"er*ous</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arundifer</ets>; <ets>arundo</ets> reed + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Producing reeds or canes.</def>

<h1>Arundinaceous</h1>
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<hw>A*run`di*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arundinaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>arundo</ets> reed.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a reed; resembling the reed or cane.</def>

<h1>Arundineous</h1>
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<hw>Ar`un*din"e*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arundineus</ets>, fr. <ets>arundo</ets> reed.]</ety> <def>Abounding with reeds; reedy.</def>

<h1>Aruspex</h1>
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<hw>A*rus"pex</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aruspices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>aruspex</ets> or <ets>haruspex</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of the class of diviners among the Etruscans and Romans, who foretold events by the inspection of the entrails of victims offered on the altars of the gods.</def>

<h1>Aruspice</h1>
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<hw>A*rus"pice</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aruspex</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aruspice</ets>. Cf. <er>Aruspex</er>, <er>Haruspice</er>.]</ety> <def>A soothsayer of ancient Rome. Same as <er>Aruspex</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>haruspice</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Aruspicy</h1>
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<hw>A*rus"pi*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aruspicium</ets>, <ets>haruspicium</ets>.]</ety> <def>Prognostication by inspection of the entrails of victims slain sacrifice.</def>

<h1>Arval</h1>
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<hw>Ar"val</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>arwyl</ets> funeral; <ets>ar</ets> over + <ets>wylo</ets> to weep, or cf. <ets>arf\'94l</ets>; Icel. <ets>arfr</ets> inheritance + Sw. <ets>\'94l</ets> ale. Cf. <er>Bridal</er>.]</ety> <def>A funeral feast.</def> <mark>[North of Eng.]</mark>

<i>Grose.</i>

<h1>Arvicole</h1>
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<hw>Ar"vi*cole</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>arvum</ets> field + <ets>colere</ets> to inhabit.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mouse of the genus <spn>Arvicola</spn>; the meadow mouse. There are many species.</def>

<h1>Aryan</h1>
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<hw>Ar"yan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>\'berya</ets> excellent, honorable; akin to the name of the country <ets>Iran</ets>, and perh. to <ets>Erin</ets>, <ets>Ireland</ets>, and the early name of this people, at least in Asia.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of a primitive people supposed to have lived in prehistoric times, in Central Asia, east of the Caspian Sea, and north of the Hindoo <?/<?/<?/<?/ and Paropamisan Mountains, and to have been the stock from which sprang the Hindoo, Persian, Greek, Latin, Celtic, Teutonic, Slavonic, and other races; one of that ethnological division of mankind called also Indo-European or Indo-Germanic.</def>

<-- p. 87  -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The language of the original Aryans.</def>
<altsp>[Written also <asp>Arian</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Aryan</h1>
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<hw>Ar"yan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the people called Aryans; Indo-European; Indo-Germanic; <as>as, the <ex>Aryan</ex> stock, the <ex>Aryan</ex> languages</as>.</def>

<h1>Aryanize</h1>
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<hw>Ar"yan*ize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make Aryan (a language, or in language).</def>

<i>K. Johnston.</i>

<h1>Arytenoid</h1>
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<hw>A*ryt"e*noid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ shaped like a ladle; <?/ a ladle + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Ladle-shaped; -- applied to two small cartilages of the larynx, and also to the glands, muscles, etc., connected with them. The cartilages are attached to the cricoid cartilage and connected with the vocal cords.</def>

<h1>As</h1>
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<hw>As</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & conj.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>as</ets>, <ets>als</ets>, <ets>alse</ets>, <ets>also</ets>, <ets>al swa</ets>, AS. <ets>eal sw\'be</ets>, lit. all so; hence, quite so, quite as: cf. G. <ets>als</ets> as, than, <ets>also</ets> so, then. See <er>Also</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Denoting equality or likeness in kind, degree, or manner; like; similar to; in the same manner with or in which; in accordance with; in proportion to; to the extent or degree in which or to which; equally; no less than; <as>as, ye shall be <ex>as</ex> gods, knowing good and evil; you will reap <ex>as</ex> you sow; do <ex>as</ex> you are bidden.</as></def>

<blockquote>His spiritual attendants adjured him, <b>as</b> he loved his soul, to emancipate his brethren.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>As</i> is often preceded by one of the antecedent or correlative words <i>such</i>, <i>same</i>, <i>so</i>, or <i>as</i>, in expressing an equality or comparison; as, give us <i>such</i> things <i>as</i> you please, and <i>so</i> long <i>as</i> you please, or <i>as</i> long <i>as</i> you please; he is not <i>so</i> brave <i>as</i> Cato; she is <i>as</i> amiable <i>as</i> she is handsome; come <i>as</i> quickly <i>as</i> possible. "Bees appear fortunately to prefer the <i>same</i> colors <i>as</i> we do." <i>Lubbock</i>. <i>As</i>, in a preceding part of a sentence, has <i>such</i> or <i>so</i> to answer correlatively to it; <i>as</i> with the people, <i>so</i> with the priest.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the idea, character, or condition of, -- limiting the view to certain attributes or relations; <as>as, virtue considered <ex>as</ex> virtue; this actor will appear <ex>as</ex> Hamlet.</as></def>

<blockquote>The beggar is greater <b>as</b> a man, than is the man merely <b>as</b> a king.
<i>Dewey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>While; during or at the same time that; when; <as>as, he trembled <ex>as</ex> he spoke</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>As</b> I return I will fetch off these justices.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Because; since; it being the case that.</def>

<blockquote><b>As</b> the population of Scotland had been generally trained to arms . . . they were not indifferently prepared.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

[See Synonym under <er>Because</er>.]

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Expressing concession. (Often approaching <i>though</i> in meaning).</def>

<blockquote>We wish, however, to avail ourselves of the interest, transient <b>as</b> it may be, which this work has excited.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>That, introducing or expressing a result or consequence, after the correlatives <i>so</i> and <i>such</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I can place thee in such abject state, <b>as</b> help shall never find thee.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>So as</col>, <cd>so that. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote>The relations are <b>so</b> uncertain <b>as</b> they require a great deal of examination.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>As if; as though.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>He lies, <b>as</b> he his bliss did know.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>For instance; by way of example; thus; -- used to introduce illustrative phrases, sentences, or citations.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Than.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The king was not more forward to bestow favors on them <b>as</b> they free to deal affronts to others their superiors.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Expressing a wish. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>As</i> have," <it>i. e.</it>, may he have.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>As . . . as</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>So</cref> . . . <i>as<i>, under <er>So</er>.</cd> -- <col>As far as</col>, <cd>to the extent or degree.</cd> "<i>As far as<i> can be ascertained." <i>Macaulay</i>. -- <col>As far forth as</col>, <cd>as far as.</cd>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer.</i> -- <mcol><col>As for</col>, &or; <col>As to</col></mcol>, <cd>in regard to; with respect to.</cd> -- <col>As good as</col>, <cd>not less than; not falling short of.</cd> -- <col>As good as one's word</col>, <cd>faithful to a promise.</cd> -- <mcol><col>As if</col>, or <col>As though</col></mcol>, <cd>of the same kind, or in the same condition or manner, that it would be if.</cd> -- <col>As it were</col> (as if it were), <cd>a qualifying phrase used to apologize for or to relieve some expression which might be regarded as inappropriate or incongruous; in a manner.</cd> -- <col>As now</col>, <cd>just now.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer.</i> -- <col>As swythe</col>, <cd>as quickly as possible.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>. -- <col>As well</col>, <cd>also; too; besides.</cd> <i>Addison</i>. -- <col>As well as</col>, <cd>equally with, no less than.</cd>  "I have understanding <i>as well as<i> you." <i>Job xii. 3</i>. -- <col>As yet</col>, <cd>until now; up to or at the present time; still; now.</cd></cs>

<h1>As</h1>
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<hw>As</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ace</er>.]</ety> <def>An ace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Ambes-as</col>, <cd>double aces.</cd></cs>

<h1>As</h1>
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<hw>As</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Asses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>as</ets>. See <er>Ace</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A Roman weight, answering to the libra or pound, equal to nearly eleven ounces Troy weight. It was divided into twelve ounces.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Roman copper coin, originally of a pound weight (12 oz.); but reduced, after the first Punic war, to two ounces; in the second Punic war, to one ounce; and afterwards to half an ounce.</def>

<h1>Asa</h1>
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<hw>As"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>asa</ets>, of oriental origin; cf. Per. <ets>az\'be</ets> mastic, Ar. <ets>as\'be</ets> healing, <ets>is\'be</ets> remedy.]</ety> <def>An ancient name of a gum.</def>

<h1>Asafetida, Asaf\'d2tida</h1>
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<hw><hw>As`a*fet"i*da</hw>, <hw>As`a*f\'d2t"i*da</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Asa</ets> + L. <ets>foetidus</ets> fetid.]</ety> <def>The fetid gum resin or inspissated juice of a large umbelliferous plant <spn>(Ferula asaf\'d2tida)</spn> of Persia and the East India. It is used in medicine as an antispasmodic.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>assaf\'d2tida</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Asaphus</h1>
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<hw>As"a*phus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ indistinct, uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of trilobites found in the Lower Silurian formation. See <i>Illust</i>. in Append.</def>

<h1>Asarabacca</h1>
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<hw>As`a*ra*bac"ca</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asarum + bacca</ets> a berry. See <er>Asarone</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An acrid herbaceous plant (<spn>Asarum Europ\'91um</spn>), the leaves and roots of which are emetic and cathartic. It is principally used in cephalic snuffs.</def>

<h1>Asarone</h1>
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<hw>As"a*rone</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asarum</ets> hazelwort, wild spikenard, Gr. <?/]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystallized substance, resembling camphor, obtained from the <spn>Asarum Europ\'91um</spn>; -- called also <altname>camphor of asarum</altname>.</def>

<h1>Asbestic</h1>
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<hw>As*bes"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling asbestus; inconsumable; asbestine.</def>

<h1>Asbestiform</h1>
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<hw>As*bes"ti*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asbestus</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form or structure of asbestus.</def>

<h1>Asbestine</h1>
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<hw>As*bes"tine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to asbestus, or partaking of its nature; incombustible; asbestic.</def>

<h1>Asbestous</h1>
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<hw>As*bes"tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Asbestic.</def>

<h1>Asbestus, Asbestos</h1>
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<hw><hw>As*bes"tus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As*bes"tos</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asbestos</ets> (NL. <ets>asbestus</ets>) a kind of mineral unaffected by fire, Gr. <?/ (prop. an adj.) inextinguishable; <?/ priv. + <?/ to extinguish.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of amphibole or of pyroxene, occurring in long and delicate fibers, or in fibrous masses or seams, usually of a white, gray, or green-gray color. The name is also given to a similar variety of serpentine.</def>

<note>&hand; The finer varieties have been wrought into gloves and cloth which are incombustible. The cloth was formerly used as a shroud for dead bodies, and has been recommended for firemen's clothes. Asbestus in also employed in the manufacture of iron safes, for fireproof roofing, and for lampwicks. Some varieties are called <i>amianthus</i>.</note>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Asbolin</h1>
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<hw>As"bo*lin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ soot.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A peculiar acrid and bitter oil, obtained from wood soot.</def>

<h1>Ascarid</h1>
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<hw>As"ca*rid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ascarides</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> or <er>Ascarids</er></plu>. <ety>[NL. <ets>ascaris</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A parasitic nematoid worm, espec. the roundworm, <spn>Ascaris lumbricoides</spn>, often occurring in the human intestine and allied species found in domestic animals; also commonly applied to the pinworm <spn>(Oxyuris)</spn>, often troublesome to children and aged persons.</def>

<h1>Ascend</h1>
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<hw>As*cend"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ascended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ascending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>ascendere</ets>; <ets>ad + scandere</ets> to climb, mount. See <er>Scan</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move upward; to mount; to go up; to rise; -- opposed to <ant>descend</ant>.</def>

<blockquote>Higher yet that star <b>ascends</b>.
<i>Bowring.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>ascend</b> unto my father and your father.
<i>John xx. 17.</i></blockquote>

<note>Formerly used with <i>up</i>.</note>

<blockquote>The smoke of it <b>ascended up</b> to heaven.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rise, in a figurative sense; to proceed from an inferior to a superior degree, from mean to noble objects, from particulars to generals, from modern to ancient times, from one note to another more acute, etc.; <as>as, our inquiries <ex>ascend</ex> to the remotest antiquity; to <ex>ascend</ex> to our first progenitor.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To rise; mount; climb; scale; soar; tower.</syn>

<h1>Ascend</h1>
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<hw>As*cend"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To go or move upward upon or along; to climb; to mount; to go up the top of; <as>as, to <ex>ascend</ex> a hill, a ladder, a tree, a river, a throne</as>.</def>

<h1>Ascendable</h1>
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<hw>As*cend"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being ascended.</def>

<h1>Ascendancy, Ascendance</h1>
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<hw><hw>As*cend"an*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As*cend"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ascendency</er>.</def>

<h1>Ascendant</h1>
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<hw>As*cend"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ascendant</ets>, L. <ets>ascendens</ets>; p. pr. of <ets>ascendere</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ascent; height; elevation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sciences that were then in their highest <b>ascendant</b>.
<i>Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The horoscope, or that degree of the ecliptic which rises above the horizon at the moment of one's birth; supposed to have a commanding influence on a person's life and fortune.</def>

<note>&hand; Hence the phrases <col>To be in the ascendant</col>, to have commanding power or influence, and <col>Lord of the ascendant</col>, one who has possession of such power or influence; as, to rule, for a while, <i>lord of the ascendant</i>.</note>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Superiority, or commanding influence; ascendency; <as>as, one man has the <ex>ascendant</ex> over another</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Chievres had acquired over the mind of the young monarch the <b>ascendant</b> not only of a tutor, but of a parent.
<i>Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An ancestor, or one who precedes in genealogy or degrees of kindred; a relative in the ascending line; a progenitor; -- opposed to <i>descendant</i>.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Ascendant, Ascendent</h1>
<Xpage=87>

<hw><hw>As*cend"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As*cend"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rising toward the zenith; above the horizon.</def>

<blockquote>The constellation . . . about that time <b>ascendant</b>.
<i>Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rising; ascending.</def>

<i>Ruskin.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Superior; surpassing; ruling.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>ascendant</b> spirit over him.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>ascendant</b> community obtained a surplus of wealth.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Without some power of persuading or confuting, of defending himself against accusations, . . . no man could possibly hold an <b>ascendent</b> position.
<i>Grote.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ascendency</h1>
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<hw>As*cend"en*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Governing or controlling influence; domination; power.</def>

<blockquote>An undisputed <b>ascendency</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Custom has an <b>ascendency</b> over the understanding.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Control; authority; influence; sway; dominion; prevalence; domination.</syn>

<h1>Ascendible</h1>
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<hw>As*cend"i*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ascendibilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being ascended; climbable.</def>

<h1>Ascending</h1>
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<hw>As*cend"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rising; moving upward; <as>as, an <ex>ascending</ex> kite</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As*cend"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Ascending latitude</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the increasing latitude of a planet.</cd> <i>Ferguson</i>. -- <col>Ascending line</col> <fld>(Geneol.)</fld>, <cd>the line of relationship traced backward or through one's ancestors. One's father and mother, grandfather and grandmother, etc., are in the <i>line<i> direct <i>ascending<i>.</cd> -- <col>Ascending node</col> <cd>having, that node of the moon or a planet wherein it passes the ecliptic to proceed northward. It is also called the <altname>northern node</altname>.</cd> <i>Herschel</i>. -- <col>Ascending series</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A series arranged according to the ascending powers of a quantity.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A series in which each term is greater than the preceding.</cd> -- <col>Ascending signs</col>, <cd>signs east of the meridian.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ascension</h1>
<Xpage=87>

<hw>As*cen"sion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ascension</ets>, L. <ets>ascensio</ets>, fr. <ets>ascendere</ets>. See <er>Ascend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of ascending; a rising; ascent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: The visible ascent of our Savior on the fortieth day after his resurrection. (<i>Acts i. 9.</i>) Also, Ascension Day.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An ascending or arising, as in distillation; also that which arises, as from distillation.</def>

<blockquote>Vaporous <b>ascensions</b> from the stomach.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ascension Day</col>, <cd>the Thursday but one before Whitsuntide, the day on which commemorated our Savior's ascension into heaven after his resurrection; -- called also <altname>Holy Thursday</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Right ascension</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>that degree of the equinoctial, counted from the beginning of Aries, which rises with a star, or other celestial body, in a right sphere; or the arc of the equator intercepted between the first point of Aries and that point of the equator that comes to the meridian with the star; -- expressed either in degrees or in time.</cd> -- <col>Oblique ascension</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>an arc of the equator, intercepted between the first point of Aries and that point of the equator which rises together with a star, in an oblique sphere; or the arc of the equator intercepted between the first point of Aries and that point of the equator that comes to the horizon with a star. It is little used in modern astronomy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ascensional</h1>
<Xpage=87>

<hw>As*cen"sion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to ascension; connected with ascent; ascensive; tending upward; <as>as, the <ex>ascensional</ex> power of a balloon</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Ascensional difference</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the difference between oblique and right ascension; -- used chiefly as expressing the difference between the time of the rising or setting of a body and six o'clock, or six hours from its meridian passage.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ascensive</h1>
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<hw>As*cen"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ascend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rising; tending to rise, or causing to rise.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Augmentative; intensive.</def>

<i>Ellicott.</i>

<h1>Ascent</h1>
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<hw>As*cent"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Formed like <ets>descent</ets>, as if from a F. <ets>ascente</ets>, fr. a verb <ets>ascendre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ascendere</ets>. See <er>Ascend</er>, <er>Descent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of rising; motion upward; rise; a mounting upward; <as>as, he made a tedious <ex>ascent</ex>; the <ex>ascent</ex> of vapors from the earth.</as></def>

<blockquote>To him with swift <b>ascent</b> he up returned.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The way or means by which one ascends.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An eminence, hill, or high place.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The degree of elevation of an object, or the angle it makes with a horizontal line; inclination; rising grade; <as>as, a road has an <ex>ascent</ex> of five degrees</as>.</def>

<h1>Ascertain</h1>
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<hw>As`cer*tain"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ascertained</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ascertaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>acertener</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>certain</ets>. See <er>Certain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render (a person) certain; to cause to feel certain; to make confident; to assure; to apprise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When the blessed Virgin was so <b>ascertained</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Muncer assured them that the design was approved of by Heaven, and that the Almighty had in a dream <b>ascertained</b> him of its effects.
<i>Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make (a thing) certain to the mind; to free from obscurity, doubt, or change; to make sure of; to fix; to determine.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The divine law . . . <b>ascertaineth</b> the truth.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The very deferring [of his execution] shall increase and <b>ascertain</b> the condemnation.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ministry, in order to <b>ascertain</b> a majority . . . persuaded the queen to create twelve new peers.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The mildness and precision of their laws <b>ascertained</b> the rule and measure of taxation.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To find out or learn for a certainty, by trial, examination, or experiment; to get to know; <as>as, to <ex>ascertain</ex> the weight of a commodity, or the purity of a metal</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He was there only for the purpose of <b>ascertaining</b> whether a descent on England was practicable.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ascertainable</h1>
<Xpage=87>

<hw>As`cer*tain"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be ascertained.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As`cer*tain"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>As`cer*tain"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ascertainer</h1>
<Xpage=87>

<hw>As`cer*tain"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who ascertains.</def>

<h1>Ascertainment</h1>
<Xpage=87>

<hw>As`cer*tain"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of ascertaining; a reducing to certainty; a finding out by investigation; discovery.</def>

<blockquote>The positive <b>ascertainment</b> of its limits.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<mhw><h1>Ascessancy, n. Ascessant</h1>
<Xpage=87>

<hw>As*ces"san*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <hw>As*ces"sant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def> See <er>Acescency</er>, <er>Acescent</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ascetic</h1>
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<hw>As*cet"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to exercise, to practice gymnastics.]</ety> <def>Extremely rigid in self-denial and devotions; austere; severe.</def>

<blockquote>The stern <b>ascetic</b> rigor of the Temple discipline.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ascetic</h1>
<Xpage=87>

<hw>As*cet"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>In the early church, one who devoted himself to a solitary and contemplative life, characterized by devotion, extreme self-denial, and self-mortification; a hermit; a recluse; hence, one who practices extreme rigor and self-denial in religious things.</def>

<blockquote>I am far from commending those <b>ascetics</b> that take up their quarters in deserts.
<i>Norris.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ascetic theology</col>, <cd>the science which treats of the practice of the theological and moral virtues, and the counsels of perfection.</cd>  <i>Am. Cyc.</i></cs>

<h1>Asceticism</h1>
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<hw>As*cet"i*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition, practice, or mode of life, of ascetics.</def>

<h1>Ascham</h1>
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<hw>As"cham</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Roger <er>Ascham</er>, who was a great lover of archery.]</ety> <def>A sort of cupboard, or case, to contain bows and other implements of archery.</def>

<h1>Asci</h1>
<Xpage=87>

<hw>As"ci</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Ascus</er>.</def>

<h1>Ascian</h1>
<Xpage=87>

<hw>As"cian</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the <i>Ascii</i>.</def>

<h1>Ascidian</h1>
<Xpage=87>

<hw>As*cid"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bladder, pouch.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Ascidioidea, or in a more general sense, one of the Tunicata. Also as an <tt>adj.</tt></def>

<h1>Ascidiarium</h1>
<Xpage=87>

<hw>As*cid`i*a"ri*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Ascidium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The structure which unites together the ascidiozooids in a compound ascidian.</def>

<h1>Ascidiform</h1>
<Xpage=87>

<hw>As*cid"i*form</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a pouch + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Shaped like an ascidian.</def>

<h1>Ascidioidea</h1>
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<hw>As*cid`i*oid"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>ascidium + -oid</ets>. See <er>Ascidium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Tunicata, often shaped like a two-necked bottle. The group includes, social, and compound species. The gill is a netlike structure within the oral aperture. The integument is usually leathery in texture. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<-- p. 88  -->

<h1>Ascidiozooid</h1>
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<hw>As*cid`i*o*zo"oid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ascidium</ets> +  <ets>zooid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the individual members of a compound ascidian. See <er>Ascidioidea</er>.</def>

<h1>Ascidium</h1>
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<hw>As*cid"i*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ascidia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>ascus</ets>. See <er>Ascus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A pitcher-shaped, or flask-shaped, organ or appendage of a plant, as the leaves of the pitcher plant, or the little bladderlike traps of the bladderwort (Utricularia).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of simple ascidians, which formerly included most of the known species. It is sometimes used as a name for the Ascidioidea, or for all the Tunicata.</def>

<h1>Ascigerous</h1>
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<hw>As*cig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ascus</ets> + <ets>-gerous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having asci.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<h1>Ascii, Ascians</h1>
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<hw><hw>As"ci*i</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As"cians</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ascii</ets>, pl. of <ets>ascius</ets>, Gr. <?/ without shadow; <?/ priv. + <?/ shadow.]</ety> <def>Persons who, at certain times of the year, have no shadow at noon; -- applied to the inhabitants of the torrid zone, who have, twice a year, a vertical sun.</def>

<h1>Ascites</h1>
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<hw>As*ci"tes</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/ disease), fr. <?/ bladder, belly.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A collection of serous fluid in the cavity of the abdomen; dropsy of the peritoneum.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Ascitic, Ascitical</h1>
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<hw><hw>As*cit"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As*cit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or affected by, ascites; dropsical.</def>

<h1>Ascititious</h1>
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<hw>As`ci*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Adscititious</er>.]</ety> <def>Supplemental; not inherent or original; adscititious; additional; assumed.</def>

<blockquote>Homer has been reckoned an <b>ascititious</b> name.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Asclepiad</h1>
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<hw>As*cle"pi*ad</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gr. & L. Pros.)</fld> <def>A choriambic verse, first used by the Greek poet Asclepias, consisting of four feet, viz., a spondee, two choriambi, and an iambus.</def>

<h1>Asclepiadaceous</h1>
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<hw>As*cle`pi*a*da"ceous</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Asclepias</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, plants of the Milkweed family.</def>

<h1>Asclepias</h1>
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<hw>As*cle"pi*as</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, named from <ets>Asclepios</ets> or <ets>Aesculapius</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants including the milkweed, swallowwort, and some other species having medicinal properties.</def>

<cs><col>Asclepias butterfly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, handsome, red and black butterfly <spn>(Danais Archippus)</spn>, found in both hemispheres. It feeds on plants of the genus Asclepias.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ascococcus</h1>
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<hw>As`co*coc"cus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ascococci</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ bladder, bag + <?/ kernel.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A form of micrococcus, found in putrid meat infusions, occurring in peculiar masses, each of which is inclosed in a hyaline capsule and contains a large number of spherical micrococci.</def>

<h1>Ascospore</h1>
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<hw>As"co*spore</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ascus</ets> + <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the spores contained in the asci of lichens and fungi. [See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Ascus</er>.]</def>

<h1>Ascribable</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>As*crib"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being ascribed; attributable.</def>

<h1>Ascribe</h1>
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<hw>As*cribe"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ascribed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ascribing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>ascribere</ets>, <ets>adscribere</ets>, to ascribe; <ets>ad + scribere</ets> to write: cf. OF. <ets>ascrire</ets>. See <er>Scribe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To attribute, impute, or refer, as to a cause; <as>as, his death was <ex>ascribed</ex> to a poison; to <ex>ascribe</ex> an effect to the right cause; to <ex>ascribe</ex> such a book to such an author.</as></def>

<blockquote>The finest [speech] that is <b>ascribed</b> to Satan in the whole poem.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To attribute, as a quality, or an appurtenance; to consider or allege to belong.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Ascribe</er>, <er>Attribute</er>, <er>Impute</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Attribute</i> denotes, 1. To refer some quality or attribute to a being; <as>as, to <ex>attribute</ex> power to God</as>. 2. To refer something to its cause or source; <as>as, to <ex>attribute</ex> a backward spring to icebergs off the coast</as>. <i>Ascribe</i> is used equally in both these senses, but involves a different image. To <i>impute</i> usually denotes to ascribe something doubtful or wrong, and hence, in general literature, has commonly a bad sense; <as>as, to <ex>impute</ex> unworthy motives</as>. The theological sense of <i>impute</i> is not here taken into view.</usage>

<blockquote>More than good-will to me <b>attribute</b> naught.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Ascribes</b> his gettings to his parts and merit.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And fairly quit him of the <b>imputed</b> blame.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ascript</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>As"cript</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Adscript</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ascription</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>As*crip"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ascriptio</ets>, fr. <ets>ascribere</ets>. See <er>Ascribe</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of ascribing, imputing, or affirming to belong; also, that which is ascribed.</def>

<h1>Ascriptitious</h1>
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<hw>As`crip*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ascriptitius</ets>, fr. <ets>ascribere</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ascribed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Added; additional.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>An <b>ascriptitious</b> and supernumerary God.
<i>Farindon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ascus</h1>
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<hw>As"cus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. Asci</plu> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a bladder.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small membranous bladder or tube in which are inclosed the seedlike reproductive particles or sporules of lichens and certain fungi.</def>

<h1>A-sea</h1>
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<hw>A-sea</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>sea</ets>.]</ety> <def>On the sea; at sea; toward the sea.</def>

<h1>Aseptic</h1>
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<hw>A*sep"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>septic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not liable to putrefaction; nonputrescent.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An aseptic substance.</def></def2>

<h1>Asexual</h1>
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<hw>A*sex"u*al</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>sexual</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having no distinct; without sexual action; <as>as, <ex>asexual</ex> reproduction</as>. See <er>Fission</er> and <er>Gemmation</er>.</def>

<h1>Asexually</h1>
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<hw>A*sex"u*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an asexual manner; without sexual agency.</def>

<h1>Ash</h1>
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<hw>Ash</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>asch</ets>, <ets>esh</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91sc</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>asc</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>ask</ets>, Icel. <ets>askr</ets>, D. <ets>esch</ets>, G. <ets>esche</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees of the Olive family, having opposite pinnate leaves, many of the species furnishing valuable timber, as the European ash <spn>(Fraxinus excelsior)</spn> and the white ash <spn>(F. Americana)</spn>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Prickly ash</col> <spn>(Zanthoxylum Americanum)</spn> and <col>Poison ash</col> <spn>(Rhus venenata)</spn></mcol> <cd>are shrubs of different families, somewhat resembling the true ashes in their foliage.</cd> -- <col>Mountain ash</col>. <cd>See <er>Roman tree</er>, and under <er>Mountain</er>.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The tough, elastic wood of the ash tree.</def>

<note><i>Ash</i> is used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound term; as, <i>ash</i> bud, <ex>ash</ex> wood, <ex>ash</ex> tree, etc.</note>

<h1>Ash</h1>
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<hw>Ash</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>, <def> <it>sing.</it> of <er>Ashes</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Ash</i> is rarely used in the singular except in connection with chemical or geological products; as, soda <i>ash</i>, coal which yields a red <i>ash</i>, etc., or as a qualifying or combining word; as, <i>ash</i> bin, <i>ash</i> heap, <i>ash</i> hole, <i>ash</i> pan, <i>ash</i> pit, <i>ash</i>-grey, <i>ash</i>-colored, pearl<i>ash</i>, pot<i>ash</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Bone ash</col>, <cd>burnt powered; bone earth.</cd> -- <col>Volcanic ash</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ashes</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ash</h1>
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<hw>Ash</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To strew or sprinkle with ashes.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Ashame</h1>
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<hw>A*shame</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>shame</ets>: cf. AS. <ets>\'bescamian</ets> to shame (where <ets>\'be-</ets> is the same as Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, G. <ets>er-</ets>, and orig. meant <ets>out</ets>), <ets>gescamian</ets>, <ets>gesceamian</ets>, to shame.]</ety> <def>To shame.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Ashamed</h1>
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<hw>A*shamed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Orig. a p. p. of <ets>ashame</ets>, v. t.]</ety> <def>Affected by shame; abashed or confused by guilt, or a conviction or consciousness of some wrong action or impropriety.</def> "I am <i>ashamed</i> to beg."

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<blockquote>All that forsake thee shall be <b>ashamed</b>.
<i>Jer. xvii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I began to be <b>ashamed</b> of sitting idle.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Enough to make us <b>ashamed</b> of our species.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An <b>ashamed</b> person can hardly endure to meet the gaze of those present.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Ashamed</i> seldom precedes the noun or pronoun it qualifies. By a Hebraism, it is sometimes used in the Bible to mean <i>disappointed</i>, or <i>defeated</i>.</note>

<h1>Ashamedly</h1>
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<hw>A*sham"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Bashfully.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ashantee</h1>
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<hw>Ash`an*tee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ashantees</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>A native or an inhabitant of Ashantee in Western Africa.</def>

<h1>Ashantee</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ash`an*tee"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Ashantee.</def>

<h1>Ash-colored</h1>
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<hw>Ash"-col`ored</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the color of ashes; a whitish gray or brownish gray.</def>

<h1>Ashen</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ash"en</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ash</er>, the tree.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the ash tree.</def> "<i>Ashen</i> poles."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Ashen</h1>
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<hw>Ash"en</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, or resembling, ashes; of a color between brown and gray, or white and gray.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>ashen</b> hue of age.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ashen</h1>
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<hw>Ash"en</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <def>obs. pl. for <er>Ashes</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ashery</h1>
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<hw>Ash"er*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A depository for ashes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place where potash is made.</def>

<h1>Ashes</h1>
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<hw>Ash"es</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>asche</ets>, <ets>aske</ets>, AS. <ets>asce</ets>, <ets>\'91sce</ets>, <ets>axe</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>asca</ets>, G. <ets>asche</ets>, D. <ets>asch</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>aska</ets>, Dan. <ets>aske</ets>, Goth. <ets>azgo</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The earthy or mineral particles of combustible substances remaining after combustion, as of wood or coal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: The remains of the human body when burnt, or when "returned to dust" by natural decay.</def>

<blockquote>Their martyred blood and <b>ashes</b> sow.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The coffins were broken open. The <b>ashes</b> were scattered to the winds.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The color of ashes; deathlike paleness.</def>

<blockquote>The lip of <b>ashes</b>, and the cheek of flame.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>In dust and ashes</col>, <col>In sackcloth and ashes</col></mcol>, <cd>with humble expression of grief or repentance; -- from the method of mourning in Eastern lands.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Volcanic ashes</col>, &or; <col>Volcanic ash</col></mcol>, <cd>the loose, earthy matter, or small fragments of stone or lava, ejected by volcanoes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ash-fire</h1>
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<hw>Ash"-fire</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A low fire used in chemical operations.</def>

<mhw><h1>Ash-furnace, Ash-oven</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ash"-fur`nace</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ash"-ov`en</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A furnace or oven for fritting materials for glass making.</def>

<h1>Ashine</h1>
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<hw>A*shine"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shining; radiant.</def>

<h1>Ashlar, Ashler</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ash"lar</hw>, <hw>Ash"ler</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ascheler</ets>, <ets>achiler</ets>, OF. <ets>aiseler</ets>, fr. <ets>aiselle</ets>, dim. of <ets>ais</ets> plank, fr. L. <ets>axis</ets>, <ets>assis</ets>, plank, axle. See <er>Axle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Hewn or squared stone; also, masonry made of squared or hewn stone.</def>

<blockquote>Rough <b>ashlar</b>, a block of freestone as brought from the quarry. When hammer-dressed it is known as common <b>ashlar</b>.
<i>Knight.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>In the United States especially, a thin facing of squared and dressed stone upon a wall of rubble or brick.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Ashlaring, Ashlering</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ash"lar*ing</hw>, <hw>Ash"ler*ing</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of bedding ashlar in mortar.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ashlar when in thin slabs and made to serve merely as a case to the body of the wall.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>The short upright pieces between the floor beams and rafters in garrets. See <er>Ashlar</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Ashore</h1>
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<hw>A*shore"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>shore</ets>.]</ety> <def>On shore or on land; on the land adjacent to water; to the shore; to the land; aground (when applied to a ship); -- sometimes opposed to <i>aboard</i> or <i>afloat</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Here shall I die <b>ashore</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I must fetch his necessaries <b>ashore</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ashtoreth</h1>
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<hw>Ash"to*reth</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ashtaroth</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>The principal female divinity of the Ph\'d2nicians, as Baal was the principal male divinity.</def>

<i>W. Smith.</i>

<h1>Ash Wednesday</h1>
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<hw>Ash` Wednes"day</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>The first day of Lent; -- so called from a custom in the Roman Catholic church of putting ashes, on that day, upon the foreheads of penitents.</def>

<h1>Ashweed</h1>
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<hw>Ash"weed`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>ache</ets>-weed; F. <ets>ache</ets>. So named from the likeness of its leaves to those of <ets>ache</ets> (celery).]</ety> <def>Goutweed.</def>

<h1>Ashy</h1>
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<hw>Ash"y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or composed of, ashes; filled, or strewed with, ashes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ash-colored; whitish gray; deadly pale.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Ashy pale</col>, <cd>pale as ashes.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Asian</h1>
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<hw>A"sian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Asianus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, L. <ets>Asia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Asia; Asiatic.</def> "<i>Asian</i> princes." <i>Jer. Taylor</i>.  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An Asiatic.</def></def2>

<h1>Asiarch</h1>
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<hw>A"si*arch</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Asiarcha</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ ruler.]</ety> <def>One of the chiefs or pontiffs of the Roman province of Asia, who had the superintendence of the public games and religious rites.</def>

<i>Milner.</i>

<h1>Asiatic</h1>
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<hw>A`si*at"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Asiaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Asia or to its inhabitants.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native, or one of the people, of Asia.</def></def2>

<h1>Asiaticism</h1>
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<hw>A`si*at"i*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something peculiar to Asia or the Asiatics.</def>

<h1>Aside</h1>
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<hw>A*side"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>side</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On, or to, one side; out of a straight line, course, or direction; at a little distance from the rest; out of the way; apart.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt set <b>aside</b> that which is full.
<i>2 Kings iv. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But soft! but soft! <b>aside</b>: here comes the king.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The flames were blown <b>aside</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Out of one's thoughts; off; away; <as>as, to put <ex>aside</ex> gloomy thoughts</as>.</def> "Lay <i>aside</i> every weight."

<i>Heb. xii. 1.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>So as to be heard by others; privately.</def>

<blockquote>Then lords and ladies spake <b>aside</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To set aside</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to annul or defeat the effect or operation of, by a subsequent decision of the same or of a superior tribunal; to declare of no authority; <as>as, to <ex>set aside<ex> a verdict or a judgment</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aside</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>A*side"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something spoken aside; <as>as, a remark made by a stageplayer which the other players are not supposed to hear</as>.</def>

<h1>Asilus</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>A*si"lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a gadfly.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of large and voracious two-winged flies, including the bee killer and robber fly.</def>

<h1>Asinego, Assinego</h1>
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<hw><hw>As`i*ne"go</hw>, <hw>As`si*ne"go</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>asnico</ets>, <ets>dim</ets>. <ets>of asno</ets> an ass.]</ety> <def>A stupid fellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Asinine</h1>
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<hw>As"i*nine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asininus</ets>, fr. <ets>asinus</ets> ass. See <er>Ass</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or belonging to, or having the qualities of, the ass, as stupidity and obstinacy.</def>   "<i>Asinine</i> nature." <i>B. Jonson</i>. "<i>Asinine</i> feast." <i>Milton</i>.

<h1>Asininity</h1>
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<hw>As`i*nin"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being asinine; stupidity combined with obstinacy.</def>

<h1>Asiphonate</h1>
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<hw>A*si"phon*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Destitute of a siphon or breathing tube; -- said of many bivalve shells.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> An asiphonate mollusk.</def></def2>

<h1>Asiphonea, Asiphonata, Asiphonida</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw><hw>As`i*pho"ne*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*si`pho*na"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As`i*phon"i*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a tube.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of bivalve mollusks destitute of siphons, as the oyster; the asiphonate mollusks.</def>

<h1>Asitia</h1>
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<hw>A*si"ti*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ food.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Want of appetite; loathing of food.</def>

<h1>Ask</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ask</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Asked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Asking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>asken</ets>, <ets>ashen</ets>, <ets>axien</ets>, AS. <ets>\'bescian</ets>, <ets>\'becsian</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>\'c7sc\'d3n</ets>, OHG. <ets>eisc\'d3n</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'beska</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'91ske</ets>, D. <ets>eischen</ets>, G. <ets>heischen</ets>, Lith. <ets>j\'89sk\'a2ti</ets>, OSlav. <ets>iskati</ets> to seek, Skr. <ets>ish</ets> to desire. \'fb5.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To request; to seek to obtain by words; to petition; to solicit; -- often with <i>of</i>, in the sense of <i>from</i>, before the person addressed.</def>

<blockquote><b>Ask</b> counsel, we pray thee, of God.
<i>Judg. xviii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If ye abide in me, and my words abide in you, ye shall <b>ask</b> what ye will, and it shall be done unto you.
<i>John xv. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To require, demand, claim, or expect, whether by way of remuneration or return, or as a matter of necessity; as, what price do you <i>ask</i>?</def>

<blockquote><b>Ask</b> me never so much dowry.
<i>Gen. xxxiv. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To whom men have committed much, of him they will <b>ask</b> the more.
<i>Luke xii. 48.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An exigence of state <b>asks</b> a much longer time to conduct a design to maturity.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To interrogate or inquire of or concerning; to put a question to or about; to question.</def>

<blockquote>He is of age; <b>ask</b> him: he shall speak for himself.
<i>John ix. 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>asked</b> the way to Chester.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To invite; <as>as, to <ex>ask</ex> one to an entertainment</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To publish in church for marriage; -- said of both the banns and the persons.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To beg; request; seek; petition; solicit; entreat; beseech; implore; crave; require; demand; claim; exhibit; inquire; interrogate. See <er>Beg</er>.</syn>

<h1>Ask</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ask</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To request or petition; -- usually folllowed by <i>for</i>; <as>as, to <ex>ask for</ex> bread</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Ask</b>, and it shall be given you.
<i>Matt. vii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make inquiry, or seek by request; -- sometimes followed by <i>after</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Wherefore . . . dost <b>ask</b> after my name?
<i>Gen. xxxii. 29.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ask</h1>
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<hw>Ask</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Asker</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A water newt.</def> <mark>[Scot. & North of Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Askance, Askant</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*skance"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*skant"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>schuin</ets>, <ets>schuins</ets>, sideways, <ets>schuiven</ets> to shove, <ets>schuinte</ets> slope. Cf. <er>Asquint</er>.]</ety> <def>Sideways; obliquely; with a side glance; with disdain, envy, or suspicion.</def>

<blockquote>They dart away; they wheel <b>askance</b>.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My palfrey eyed them <b>askance</b>.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Both . . . were viewed <b>askance</b> by authority.
<i>Gladstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Askance</h1>
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<hw>A*skance"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To turn aside.</def> <mark>[Poet.]</mark>

<blockquote>O, how are they wrapped in with infamies
That from their own misdeeds <b>askance</b> their eyes!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Asker</h1>
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<hw>Ask"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who asks; a petitioner; an inquirer.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Asker</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ask"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of AS. <ets>a<?/exe</ets> lizard, newt.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An ask; a water newt.</def> <mark>[Local Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Askew</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>A*skew"</hw>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>skew</ets>.]</ety> <def>Awry; askance; asquint; oblique or obliquely; -- sometimes indicating scorn, or contempt, or entry.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Asking</h1>
<Xpage=88>

<hw>Ask"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inquiring or requesting; a petition; solicitation.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The publishing of banns.</def>

<-- p. 89  -->

<h1>Aslake</h1>
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<hw>A*slake"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'beslacian</ets>, <ets>slacian</ets>, to slacken. Cf. <er>Slake</er>.]</ety> <def>To mitigate; to moderate; to appease; to abate; to diminish.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aslant</h1>
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<hw>A*slant"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>slant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Toward one side; in a slanting direction; obliquely.</def>

<blockquote>[The shaft] drove through his neck <b>aslant</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aslant</h1>
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<hw>A*slant"</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>In a slanting direction over; athwart.</def>

<blockquote>There is a willow grows <b>aslant</b> a brook.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Asleep</h1>
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<hw>A*sleep"</hw>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>sleep</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a state of sleep; in sleep; dormant.</def>

<blockquote>Fast <b>asleep</b> the giant lay supine.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By whispering winds soon lulled <b>asleep</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the sleep of the grave; dead.</def>

<blockquote>Concerning them which are <b>asleep</b> . . . sorrow not, even as others which have no hope.
<i>1 Thess. iv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Numbed, and, usually, tingling.</def>

<i>Udall.</i>

<blockquote>Leaning long upon any part maketh it numb, and, as we call it, <b>asleep</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aslope</h1>
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<hw>A*slope"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>slope</ets>.]</ety> <def>Slopingly; aslant; declining from an upright direction; sloping.</def> "Set them not upright, but <i>aslope</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Aslug</h1>
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<hw>A*slug"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>slug</ets> to move slowly.]</ety> <def>Sluggishly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Asmear</h1>
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<hw>A*smear"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>smear</ets>.]</ety> <def>Smeared over.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Asmonean</h1>
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<hw>As`mo*ne"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the patriotic Jewish family to which the Maccabees belonged; Maccabean; <as>as, the <ex>Asmonean</ex> dynasty</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Asmon\'91an</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Asmonean</h1>
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<hw>As`mo*ne"an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Asmonean family.  The Asmoneans were leaders and rulers of the Jews from 168 to 35 <sc>b. c.</sc></def>

<h1>Asoak</h1>
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<hw>A*soak"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>soak</ets>.]</ety> <def>Soaking.</def>

<h1>Asomatous</h1>
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<hw>A*so"ma*tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asomatus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ body.]</ety> <def>Without a material body; incorporeal.</def>

<i>Todd.</i>

<h1>Asonant</h1>
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<hw>As"o*nant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>sonant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not sounding or sounded.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>C. C. Felton.</i>

<h1>Asp</h1>
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<hw>Asp</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Aspen</er>.</def> "Trembling poplar or <i>asp</i>."

<i>Martyn.</i>

<h1>Asp</h1>
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<hw>Asp</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aspis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/: cf. OF. <ets>aspe</ets>, F. <ets>aspic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, hooded, poisonous serpent of Egypt and adjacent countries, whose bite is often fatal. It is the <i>Naja haje</i>. The name is also applied to other poisonous serpents, esp. to <spn>Vipera aspis</spn> of southern Europe. See <er>Haje</er>.</def>

<-- what is "Ecclus."? Not in the set of references! -->
<h1>Aspalathus</h1>
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<hw>As*pal"a*thus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aspalathus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A thorny shrub yielding a fragrant oil.</def> <i>Ecclus. xxiv. 15</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of plants of the natural order <spn>Leguminos\'91</spn>. The species are chiefly natives of the Cape of Good Hope.</def>

<-- amino acid -->
<h1>Asparagine</h1>
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<hw>As*par"a*gine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>asparagine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, nitrogenous, crystallizable substance, <chform>C4H8N2O3+H2O</chform>, found in many plants, and first obtained from <ets>asparagus</ets>.  It is believed to aid in the disposition of nitrogenous matter throughout the plant; -- called also <altname>altheine</altname>.</def>

<h1>Asparaginous</h1>
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<hw>As`pa*rag"i*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining or allied to, or resembling, asparagus; having shoots which are eaten like asparagus; <as>as, <ex>asparaginous</ex> vegetables</as>.</def>

<h1>Asparagus</h1>
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<hw>As*par"a*gus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/; cf. <?/ to swell with sap or juice, and Zend <ets><?/paregha</ets> prong, sprout, Pers. <ets>asparag</ets>, Lith. <ets>spurgas</ets> sprout, Skr. <ets>sphurj</ets> to swell. Perh. the Greek borrowed from the Persian. Cf. <er>Sparrowgrass</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of perennial plants belonging to the natural order <i>Liliace\'91</i>, and having erect much branched stems, and very slender branchlets which are sometimes mistaken for leaves. <i>Asparagus racemosus</i> is a shrubby climbing plant with fragrant flowers. Specifically: The <i>Asparagus officinalis</i>, a species cultivated in gardens.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The young and tender shoots of <i>A</i>. <i>officinalis</i>, which form a valuable and well-known article of food.</def>

<note>&hand; This word was formerly pronounced <i>sparrowgrass</i>; but this pronunciation is now confined exclusively to uneducated people.</note>

<cs><col>Asparagus beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small beetle <spn>(Crioceris asparagi)</spn> injurious to asparagus.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aspartic</h1>
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<hw>As*par"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived, asparagine; <as>as, <ex>aspartic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Aspect</h1>
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<hw>As"pect</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aspectus</ets>, fr. <ets>aspicere</ets>, <ets>aspectum</ets>, to look at; <ets>ad + spicere</ets>, <ets>specere</ets>, to look, akin to E. <ets>spy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of looking; vision; gaze; glance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The basilisk killeth by <i>aspect</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>His <b>aspect</b> was bent on the ground.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Look, or particular appearance of the face; countenance; mien; air.</def> "Serious in <i>aspect</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>[Craggs] with <b>aspect</b> open shall erect his head.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Appearance to the eye or the mind; look; view.</def> "The <i>aspect</i> of affairs."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>The true <b>aspect</b> of a world lying in its rubbish.
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Position or situation with regard to seeing; that position which enables one to look in a particular direction; position in relation to the points of the compass; <as>as, a house has a southern <ex>aspect</ex>, that is, a position which faces the south</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Prospect; outlook.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This town affords a good <b>aspect</b> toward the hill from whence we descended.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The situation of planets or stars with respect to one another, or the angle formed by the rays of light proceeding from them and meeting at the eye; the joint look of planets or stars upon each other or upon the earth.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<note>&hand; The aspects which two planets can assume are five; sextile, <?/, when the planets are 60&deg; apart; quartile, or quadrate, <?/, when their distance is 90&deg; or the quarter of a circle; trine, <?/, when the distance is 120&deg;; opposition, <?/, when the distance is 180&deg;, or half a circle; and conjunction, <?/, when they are in the same degree. Astrology taught that the aspects of the planets exerted an influence on human affairs, in some situations for good and in others for evil.</note>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The influence of the stars for good or evil; <as>as, an ill <ex>aspect</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The astrologers call the evil influences of the stars evil <b>aspects</b>.

<i>Bacon.</i>

<cs><col>Aspect of a plane</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the direction of the plane.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aspect</h1>
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<hw>As*pect"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aspectare</ets>, v. intens. of <ets>aspicere</ets>. See <er>Aspect</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To behold; to look at.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aspectable</h1>
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<hw>As*pect"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aspectabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being; visible.</def>   "The <i>aspectable</i> world." <i>Ray</i>. "<i>Aspectable</i> stars." <i>Mrs. Browning</i>.

<h1>Aspectant</h1>
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<hw>As*pect"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Facing each other.</def>

<h1>Aspected</h1>
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<hw>As*pect"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having an aspect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Aspection</h1>
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<hw>As*pec"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aspectio</ets>, fr. <ets>aspicere</ets> to look at.]</ety> <def>The act of viewing; a look.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aspen, Asp</h1>
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<hw><hw>Asp"en</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Asp</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'91sp</ets>, <ets>\'91ps</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>aspa</ets>, Icel. <ets>\'94sp</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'91sp</ets>, Sw. <ets>asp</ets>, D. <ets>esp</ets>, G. <ets>espe</ets>, <ets>\'84spe</ets>, <ets>aspe</ets>; cf. Lettish <ets>apsa</ets>, Lith. <ets>apuszis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of several species of poplar bearing this name, especially the <i>Populus tremula</i>, so called from the trembling of its leaves, which move with the slightest impulse of the air.</def>

<h1>Aspen</h1>
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<hw>Asp"en</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the aspen, or resembling it; made of aspen wood.</def>

<blockquote>Nor <b>aspen</b> leaves confess the gentlest breeze.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Asper</h1>
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<hw>As"per</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aspre</ets>, OF. <ets>aspre</ets>, F. <ets>\'83pre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>asper</ets> rough.]</ety> <def>Rough; rugged; harsh; bitter; stern; fierce.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "An <i>asper</i> sound."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Asper</h1>
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<hw>As"per</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. spiritus <ets>asper</ets> rough breathing.]</ety> <fld>(Greek Gram.)</fld> <def>The rough breathing; a mark (#) placed over an initial vowel sound or over <?/ to show that it is aspirated, that is, pronounced with <i>h</i> before it; thus <grk>hws</grk>, pronounced <i>h<?/s</i>, <grk>hrj'twr</grk>, <i>pronounced hr\'be\'b6t<?/r</i>.</def>

<h1>Asper</h1>
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<hw>As"per</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aspre</ets> or It. <ets>aspro</ets>, fr. MGr. <?/, <?/, white (prob. from the whiteness of new silver coins).]</ety> <def>A Turkish money of account (formerly a coin), of little value; the 120th part of a piaster.</def>

<h1>Asperate</h1>
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<hw>As"per*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Asperated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Asperating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>asperatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>asperare</ets>, fr. <ets>asper</ets> rough.]</ety> <def>To make rough or uneven.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>asperated</b> part of its surface.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Asperation</h1>
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<hw>As`per*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of asperating; a making or becoming rough.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Asperges</h1>
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<hw>As*per"ges</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., Thou shalt sprinkle.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The service or ceremony of sprinkling with holy water.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The brush or instrument used in sprinkling holy water; an aspergill.</def>

<h1>Aspergill,  Aspergillum</h1>
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<hw><hw>As"per*gill</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,  <hw>As`per*gil"lum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>aspergillum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aspergere</ets>. See <er>Asperse</er>, v. t.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The brush used in the Roman Catholic church for sprinkling holy water on the people.</def> <altsp>[Also written <it>aspergillus</it>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Wateringpot shell</er>.</def>

<h1>Aspergilliform</h1>
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<hw>As`per*gil"li*form</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aspergillum</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resembling the aspergillum in form; <as>as, an <ex>aspergilliform</ex> stigma</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Asperifoliate, Asperifolious</h1>
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<hw><hw>As`per*i*fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As`per*i*fo"li*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asper</ets> rough + <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having rough leaves.</def>

<note>&hand; By some applied to the natural order now called <i>Boraginace\'91</i> or borageworts.</note>

<h1>Asperity</h1>
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<hw>As*per"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Asperities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>asperitas</ets>, fr. <ets>asper</ets> rough: cf. F. <ets>asp\'82rit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Roughness of surface; unevenness; -- opposed to <i>smoothness</i>.</def> "The <i>asperities</i> of dry bodies."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Roughness or harshness of sound; that quality which grates upon the ear; raucity.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Roughness to the taste; sourness; tartness.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Moral roughness; roughness of manner; severity; crabbedness; harshness; -- opposed to <i>mildness</i>.</def> "<i>Asperity</i> of character."

<i>Landor.</i>

<blockquote>It is no very cynical <b>asperity</b> not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Sharpness; disagreeableness; difficulty.</def>

<blockquote>The acclivities and <b>asperities</b> of duty.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Acrimony; moroseness; crabbedness; harshness; sourness; tartness. See <er>Acrimony</er>.</syn>

<h1>Aspermatous</h1>
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<hw>A*sper"ma*tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Aspermous.</def>

<h1>Aspermous</h1>
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<hw>A*sper"mous</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of seeds; aspermatous.</def>

<h1>Asperne</h1>
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<hw>A*sperne"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aspernari</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>spernari</ets>.]</ety> <def>To spurn; to despise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Asperous</h1>
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<hw>As"per*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Asper</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Rough; uneven.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Asperse</h1>
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<hw>As*perse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aspersed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aspersing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>aspersus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aspergere</ets> to scatter, sprinkle; <ets>ad + spargere</ets> to strew. See <er>Sparse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sprinkle, as water or dust, upon anybody or anything, or to besprinkle any one with a liquid or with dust.</def>

<i>Heywood.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bespatter with foul reports or false and injurious charges; to tarnish in point of reputation or good name; to slander or calumniate; <as>as, to <ex>asperse</ex> a poet or his writings; to <ex>asperse</ex> a man's character.</as></def>

<blockquote>With blackest crimes <b>aspersed</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To slander; defame; detract from; calumniate; vilify.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Asperse</er>, <er>Defame</er>, <er>Slander</er>, <er>Calumniate</er>. These words have in common the idea of falsely assailing the character of another. To <i>asperse</i> is figuratively to cast upon a character hitherto unsullied the imputation of blemishes or faults which render it offensive or loathsome. To <i>defame</i> is to detract from a man's honor and reputation by charges calculated to load him with infamy. <i>Slander</i> (etymologically the same as <i>scandal</i>) and <i>calumniate</i>, from the Latin, have in common the sense of circulating reports to a man's injury from unworthy or malicious motives. Men <i>asperse</i> their neighbors by malignant insinuations; they <i>defame</i> by advancing charges to blacken or sully their fair fame; they <i>slander</i> or <i>calumniate</i> by spreading injurious reports which are false, or by magnifying slight faults into serious errors or crimes.</usage>

<h1>Aspersed</h1>
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<hw>As*persed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having an indefinite number of small charges scattered or strewed over the surface.</def>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bespattered; slandered; calumniated.</def>

<i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Asperser</h1>
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<hw>As*pers"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who asperses; especially, one who vilifies another.</def>

<h1>Aspersion</h1>
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<hw>As*per"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aspersio</ets>, fr. <ets>aspergere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aspersion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sprinkling, as with water or dust, in a literal sense.</def>

<blockquote>Behold an immersion, not and <b>aspersion</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The spreading of calumniations reports or charges which tarnish reputation, like the bespattering of a body with foul water; calumny.</def>

<blockquote>Every candid critic would be ashamed to cast wholesale <b>aspersions</b> on the entire body of professional teachers.
<i>Grote.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who would by base <b>aspersions</b> blot thy virtue.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aspersive</h1>
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<hw>As*pers"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to asperse; defamatory; slanderous.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As*pers"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Aspersoir</h1>
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<hw>As`per`soir"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>An aspergill.</def>

<h1>Aspersorium</h1>
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<hw>As`per*so"ri*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aspplwsoria</er> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. See <er>Asperse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The stoup, basin, or other vessel for holy water in Roman Catholic churches.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A brush for sprinkling holy water; an aspergill.</def>

<h1>Asphalt, Asphaltum</h1>
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<hw><hw>As"phalt</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As*phal"tum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, of eastern origin: cf. F. <ets>asphalte</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mineral pitch, Jews' pitch, or compact native bitumen. It is brittle, of a black or brown color and high luster on a surface of fracture; it melts and burns when heated, leaving no residue. It occurs on the surface and shores of the Dead Sea, which is therefore called <i>Asphaltites</i>, or the Asphaltic Lake. It is found also in many parts of Asia, Europe, and America. See <er>Bitumen</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A composition of bitumen, pitch, lime, and gravel, used for forming pavements, and as a water-proof cement for bridges, roofs, etc.; asphaltic cement. Artificial asphalt is prepared from coal tar, lime, sand, etc.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Asphalt stone</col>, <col>Asphalt rock</col></mcol>, <cd>a limestone found impregnated with asphalt.</cd></cs>

<h1>Asphalt</h1>
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<hw>As"phalt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with asphalt; <as>as, to <ex>asphalt</ex> a roof; <ex>asphalted</ex> streets.</as></def>

<h1>Asphalte</h1>
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<hw>As`phalte"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Asphalt</er>.]</ety> <def>Asphaltic mastic or cement. See <er>Asphalt</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Asphaltic</h1>
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<hw>As*phal"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, of the nature of, or containing, asphalt; bituminous.</def> "<i>Asphaltic</i> pool."  "<i>Asphaltic</i> slime."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Asphaltite</h1>
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<hw>As*phal"tite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Asphaltic.</def>

<h1>Asphaltite</h1>
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<hw>As*phal"tite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Asphaltic.</def>

<i>Bryant.</i>

<h1>Asphaltus</h1>
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<hw>As*phal"tus</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Asphalt</er>.</def>

<h1>Asphodel</h1>
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<hw>As"pho*del</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asphodelus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Daffodil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A general name for a plant of the genus <spn>Asphodelus</spn>. The asphodels are hardy perennial plants, several species of which are cultivated for the beauty of their flowers.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also popularly given to species of other genera. The <i>asphodel</i> of the early English and French poets was the daffodil. The <i>asphodel</i> of the Greek poets is supposed to be the <i>Narcissus poeticus</i>.</note>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<blockquote>Pansies, and violets, and <b>asphodel</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Asphyctic</h1>
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<hw>As*phyc"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to asphyxia.</def>

<h1>Asphyxia, Asphyxy</h1>
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<hw><hw>As*phyx"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As*phyx"y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>asphyxia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to throb, beat.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Apparent death, or suspended animation; the condition which results from interruption of respiration, as in suffocation or drowning, or the inhalation of irrespirable gases.</def>

<h1>Asphyxial</h1>
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<hw>As*phyx"i*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to asphyxia; <as>as, <ex>asphyxial</ex> phenomena</as>.</def>

<h1>Asphyxiate</h1>
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<hw>As*phyx"i*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bring to a state of asphyxia; to suffocate. <note>[Used commonly in the past pple.]</note></def>

<mhw><h1>Asphyxiated, Asphyxied</h1>
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<hw>As*phyx"i*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As*phyx"ied</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>p. p. </tt> <def>In a state of asphyxia; suffocated.</def>

<h1>Asphyxiation</h1>
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<hw>As*phyx`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of causing asphyxia; a state of asphyxia.</def>

<h1>Aspic</h1>
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<hw>As"pic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Asp</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The venomous asp.</def> <mark>[Chiefly poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak. Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of ordnance carrying a 12 pound shot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aspic</h1>
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<hw>As"pic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a corrupt. of <ets>spic</ets> (OF. <ets>espi</ets>, F. <ets>\'82pi</ets>), L. <ets>spica</ets> (<ets>spicum</ets>, <ets>spicus</ets>), ear, spike. See <er>Spike</er>.]</ety> <def>A European species of lavender <spn>(Lavandula spica)</spn>, which produces a volatile oil. See <er>Spike</er>.</def>

<h1>Aspic</h1>
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<hw>As"pic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., prob. fr. <ets>aspic</ets> an asp.]</ety> <def>A savory meat jelly containing portions of fowl, game, fish, hard boiled eggs, etc.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Aspidobranchia</h1>
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<hw>As`pi*do*bran"chi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, shield + <?/ gills.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Gastropoda, with limpetlike shells, including the abalone shells and keyhole limpets.</def>

<h1>Aspirant</h1>
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<hw>As*pir"ant</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aspirant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>aspirer</ets>. See <er>Aspire</er>.]</ety> <def>Aspiring.</def>

<h1>Aspirant</h1>
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<hw>As*pir"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aspirant</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who aspires; one who eagerly seeks some high position or object of attainment.</def>

<blockquote>In consequence of the resignations . . . the way to greatness was left clear to a new set of <b>aspirants</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aspirate</h1>
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<hw>As"pi*rate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aspirated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aspirating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>aspiratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aspirare</ets> to breathe toward or upon, to add the breathing <ets>h</ets>; <ets>ad + spirare</ets> to breathe, blow. Cf. <er>Aspire</er>.]</ety> <def>To pronounce with a breathing, an aspirate, or an <it>h</it> sound; <as>as, we <ex>aspirate</ex> the words <it>horse</it> and <it>house</it>; to <ex>aspirate</ex> a vowel or a liquid consonant.</as></def>

<h1>Aspirate</h1>
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<hw>As"pi*rate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sound consisting of, or characterized by, a breath like the sound of <it>h</it>; the breathing <it>h</it> or a character representing such a sound; an aspirated sound.</def>

<-- p. 90  -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mark of aspiration (#) used in Greek; the asper, or rough breathing.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An elementary sound produced by the breath alone; a surd, or nonvocal consonant; <as>as, <ex>f</ex>, <ex>th</ex> in thin, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Aspirate, Aspirated</h1>
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<hw><hw>As"pi*rate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As"pi*ra"ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aspiratus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Pronounced with the <i>h</i> sound or with audible breath.</def>

<blockquote>But yet they are not <b>aspirate</b>, i. e., with such an aspiration as <b>h</b>.
<i>Holder.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aspiration</h1>
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<hw>As`pi*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aspiratio</ets>, fr. <ets>aspirare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aspiration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of aspirating; the pronunciation of a letter with a full or strong emission of breath; an aspirated sound.</def>

<blockquote>If <b>aspiration</b> be defined to be an impetus of breathing.
<i>Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of breathing; a breath; an inspiration.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of aspiring of a ardently desiring; strong wish; high desire.</def> "<i>Aspirations</i> after virtue."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<blockquote>Vague <b>aspiration</b> after military renown.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aspirator</h1>
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<hw>As"pi*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for passing air or gases through or over certain liquids or solids, or for exhausting a closed vessel, by means of suction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument for the evacuation of the fluid contents of tumors or collections of blood.</def>

<h1>Aspiratory</h1>
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<hw>As*pir"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to breathing; suited to the inhaling of air</def>

<h1>Aspire</h1>
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<hw>As*pire"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Aspired</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Aspiring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>aspirer</ets>, L. <ets>aspirare</ets>. See <er>Aspirate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To desire with eagerness; to seek to attain something high or great; to pant; to long; -- followed by <i>to</i> or <i>after</i>, and rarely by <i>at</i>; <as>as, to <ex>aspire</ex> to a crown; to <ex>aspire</ex> after immorality.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Aspiring</b> to be gods, if angels fell;
<b>Aspiring</b> to be angels, men rebel.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rise; to ascend; to tower; to soar.</def>

<blockquote>My own breath still foments the fire,
Which flames as high as fancy can <b>aspire</b>.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aspire</h1>
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<hw>As*pire"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To aspire to; to long for; to try to reach; to mount to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That gallant spirit hath <b>aspired</b> the clouds.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aspire</h1>
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<hw>As*pire"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Aspiration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Aspirement</h1>
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<hw>As*pire"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Aspiration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aspirer</h1>
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<hw>As*pir"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who aspires.</def>

<h1>Aspiring</h1>
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<hw>As*pir"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That aspires; <as>as, an <ex>Aspiring</ex> mind</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As*pir"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>As*pir"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Aspish</h1>
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<hw>Asp"ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or like, an asp.</def>

<h1>Asportation</h1>
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<hw>As`por*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asportatio</ets>, fr. <ets>asportare</ets> to carry away; <ets>abs = ab + portare</ets> to bear, carry.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The felonious removal of goods from the place where they were deposited.</def>

<note>&hand; It is adjudged to be larceny, though the goods are not carried from the house or apartment.</note>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Asprawl</h1>
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<hw>A*sprawl"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <def>Sprawling.</def>

<h1>Asquat</h1>
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<hw>A*squat"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <def>Squatting.</def>

<h1>Asquint</h1>
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<hw>A*squint"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Askant</er>, <er>Squint</er>.]</ety> <def>With the eye directed to one side; not in the straight line of vision; obliquely; awry, so as to see distortedly; <as>as, to look <ex>asquint</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Ass</h1>
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<hw>Ass</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>asse</ets>, AS. <ets>assa</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>asni</ets>, W. <ets>asen</ets>, <ets>asyn</ets>, L. <ets>asinus</ets>, dim. <ets>aselus</ets>, Gr. <?/; also to AS. <ets>esol</ets>, OHG. <ets>esil</ets>, G. <ets>esel</ets>, Goth. <ets>asilus</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'91sel</ets>, Lith. <ets>asilas</ets>, Bohem. <ets>osel</ets>, Pol. <ets>osiel</ets>. The word is prob. of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. <ets>ath<?/n</ets> she ass. Cf. <er>Ease</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A quadruped of the genus <spn>Equus</spn> <spn>(E. asinus)</spn>, smaller than the horse, and having a peculiarly harsh bray and long ears. The tame or domestic ass is patient, slow, and sure-footed, and has become the type of obstinacy and stupidity. There are several species of wild asses which are swift-footed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dull, heavy, stupid fellow; a dolt.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Asses' Bridge</col>. <ety>[L. <ets>pons asinorum</ets>.]</ety> <cd>The fifth proposition of the first book of Euclid, "The angles at the base of an isosceles triangle are equal to one another." <mark>[Sportive]</mark> "A schoolboy, stammering out his <i>Asses' Bridge</i>." <i>F. Harrison</i>.</cd> -- <col>To make an ass of one's self</col>, <cd>to do or say something very foolish or absurd.</cd></cs>

<h1>Assaf&oe;tida</h1>
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<hw>As`sa*f&oe;t"i*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Asafetida</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Assagai, Assegai</h1>
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<hw>As"sa*gai</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As"se*gai</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>azagaia</ets>, Sp. <ets>azagaya</ets>, fr. a Berber word. Cf. <er>Lancegay</er>.]</ety> <def>A spear used by tribes in South Africa as a missile and for stabbing, a kind of light javelin.</def>

<h1>Assai</h1>
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<hw>As*sa"i</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[It., fr. L. <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>satis</ets> enough. See <er>Assets</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A direction equivalent to <i>very</i>; <as>as, adagio <ex>assai</ex>, very slow</as>.</def>

<h1>Assail</h1>
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<hw>As*sail"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assailed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assailing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>assailen</ets>, <ets>asailen</ets>, OF. <ets>asaillir</ets>, <ets>assailler</ets>, F. <ets>assaillir</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>saillir</ets> to burst out, project, fr. L. <ets>salire</ets> to leap, spring; cf. L. <ets>assilire</ets> to leap or spring upon. See <er>Sally</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To attack with violence, or in a vehement and hostile manner; to assault; to molest; <as>as, to <ex>assail</ex> a man with blows; to <ex>assail</ex> a city with artillery.</as></def>

<blockquote>No rude noise mine ears <b>assailing</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No storm can now <b>assail</b>
The charm he wears within.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To encounter or meet purposely with the view of mastering, as an obstacle, difficulty, or the like.</def>

<blockquote>The thorny wilds the woodmen fierce <b>assail</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To attack morally, or with a view to produce changes in the feelings, character, conduct, existing usages, institutions; to attack by words, hostile influence, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>assail</ex> one with appeals, arguments, abuse, ridicule, and the like</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The papal authority . . . <b>assailed</b>.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>assailed</b> him with keen invective; they <b>assailed</b> him with still keener irony.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To attack; assault; invade; encounter; fall upon. See <er>Attack</er>.</syn>

<h1>Assailable</h1>
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<hw>As*sail"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being assailed.</def>

<h1>Assailant</h1>
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<hw>As*sail"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>assaillant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>assaillir</ets>.]</ety> <def>Assailing; attacking.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Assailant</h1>
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<hw>As*sail"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>assaillant</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, assails, attacks, or assaults; an assailer.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>assailant</b> of the church.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assailer</h1>
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<hw>As*sail"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who assails.</def>

<h1>Assailment</h1>
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<hw>As*sail"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or power of assailing; attack; assault.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>His most frequent <b>assailment</b> was the headache.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assamar</h1>
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<hw>As"sa*mar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assare</ets> to roast + <ets>amarus</ets>, bitter.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The peculiar bitter substance, soft or liquid, and of a yellow color, produced when meat, bread, gum, sugar, starch, and the like, are roasted till they turn brown.</def>

<h1>Assamese</h1>
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<hw>As`sam*ese"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Assam, a province of British India, or to its inhabitants.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def> A native or natives of Assam.</def></def2>

<mhw><h1>Assapan, Assapanic</h1>
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<hw>As`sa*pan"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As`sa*pan"ic</hw></mhw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American flying squirrel (<spn>Pteromys volucella</spn>).</def>

<h1>Assart</h1>
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<hw>As*sart"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>essart</ets> the grubbing up of trees, fr. <ets>essarter</ets> to grub up or clear ground of bushes, shrubs, trees, etc., fr. LL. <ets>exartum</ets>, <ets>exartare</ets>, for <ets>exsaritare</ets>; L. <ets>ex + sarire</ets>, <ets>sarrire</ets>, <ets>saritum</ets>, to hoe, weed.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>The act or offense of grubbing up trees and bushes, and thus destroying the tickets or coverts of a forest.</def>

<i>Spelman. Cowell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of land cleared of trees and bushes, and fitted for cultivation; a clearing.</def>

<i>Ash.</i>

<cs><col>Assart land</col>, <cd>forest land cleared of woods and brush.</cd></cs>

<h1>Assart</h1>
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<hw>As*sart"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To grub up, as trees; to commit an assart upon; <as>as, to <ex>assart</ex> land or trees</as>.</def>

<i>Ashmole.</i>

<h1>Assassin</h1>
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<hw>As*sas"sin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. (cf. It. <ets>assassino</ets>), fr. Ar. <ets><?/hashishin</ets> one who has drunk of the <ets>hashish</ets>. Under its influence the Assassins of the East, followers of the <ets>Shaikh al</ets>-<ets>Jabal</ets> (Old Man of the Mountain), were said to commit the murders required by their chief.]</ety> <def>One who kills, or attempts to kill, by surprise or secret assault; one who treacherously murders any one unprepared for defense.</def>

<h1>Assassin</h1>
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<hw>As*sas"sin</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To assassinate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Stillingfleet.</i>

<h1>Assassinate</h1>
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<hw>As*sas"sin*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assassinated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assassinating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>assassinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assassinare</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To kill by surprise or secret assault; to murder by treacherous violence.</def>

<blockquote>Help, neighbors, my house is broken open by force, and I am ravished, and like to be <b>assassinated</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To assail with murderous intent; hence, by extended meaning, to maltreat exceedingly.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Your rhymes <b>assassinate</b> our fame.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Such usage as your honorable lords
Afford me, <b>assassinated</b> and betrayed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To kill; murder; slay. See <er>Kill</er>.</syn>

<h1>Assassinate</h1>
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<hw>As*sas"sin*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>assassinat</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An assassination, murder, or murderous assault.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If I had made an <b>assassinate</b> upon your father.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An assassin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Assassination</h1>
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<hw>As*sas`si*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of assassinating; a killing by treacherous violence.</def>

<h1>Assassinator</h1>
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<hw>As*sas"si*na`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An assassin.</def>

<h1>Assassinous</h1>
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<hw>As*sas"sin*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Murderous.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Assastion</h1>
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<hw>As*sas"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>assatio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>assare</ets> to roast.]</ety> <def>Roasting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Assault</h1>
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<hw>As*sault"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>asaut</ets>, <ets>assaut</ets>, OF. <ets>assaut</ets>, <ets>asalt</ets>, F. <ets>assaut</ets>, LL. <ets>assaltus</ets>; L. <ets>ad + saltus</ets> a leaping, a springing, <ets>salire</ets> to leap. See <er>Assail</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A violent onset or attack with physical means, as blows, weapons, etc.; an onslaught; the rush or charge of an attacking force; onset; <as>as, to make <ex>assault</ex> upon a man, a house, or a town</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The Spanish general prepared to renew the <b>assault</b>.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Unshaken bears the <b>assault</b>
Of their most dreaded foe, the strong southwest.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A violent onset or attack with moral weapons, as words, arguments, appeals, and the like; <as>as, to make an <ex>assault</ex> on the prerogatives of a prince, or on the constitution of a government</as>.</def>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An apparently violent attempt, or willful offer with force or violence, to do hurt to another; an attempt or offer to beat another, accompanied by a degree of violence, but without touching his person, as by lifting the fist, or a cane, in a threatening manner, or by striking at him, and missing him. If the blow aimed takes effect, it is a <i>battery</i>.</def>

<i>Blackstone. Wharton.</i>

<blockquote>Practically, however, the word <b>assault</b> is used to include the battery.
<i>Mozley & W.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Attack; invasion; incursion; descent; onset; onslaught; charge; storm.</syn>

<h1>Assault</h1>
<Xpage=90>

<hw>As*sault"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assaulted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assaulting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Assault</er>, <tt>n.</tt>: cf. OF. <ets>assaulter</ets>, LL. <ets>assaltare</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make an assault upon, as by a sudden rush of armed men; to attack with unlawful or insulting physical violence or menaces.</def>

<blockquote>Insnared, <b>assaulted</b>, overcome, led bound.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To attack with moral means, or with a view of producing moral effects; to attack by words, arguments, or unfriendly measures; to assail; <as>as, to <ex>assault</ex> a reputation or an administration</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Before the gates, the cries of babes newborn, . . .
<b>Assault</b> his ears.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In the latter sense, <i>assail</i> is more common.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- To attack; assail; invade; encounter; storm; charge. See <er>Attack</er>.</syn>

<h1>Assaultable</h1>
<Xpage=90>

<hw>As*sault"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being assaulted.</def>

<h1>Assaulter</h1>
<Xpage=90>

<hw>As*sault"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who assaults, or violently attacks; an assailant.</def>

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<h1>Assay</h1>
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<hw>As*say"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>asai</ets>, <ets>essai</ets>, trial, F. <ets>essa</ets>. See <er>Essay</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Trial; attempt; essay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>I am withal persuaded that it may prove much more easy in the <b>assay</b> than it now seems at distance.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Examination and determination; test; <as>as, an <ex>assay</ex> of bread or wine</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This can not be, by no <b>assay</b> of reason.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Trial by danger or by affliction; adventure; risk; hardship; state of being tried.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Through many hard <b>assays</b> which did betide.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Tested purity or value.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With gold and pearl of rich <b>assay</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Metallurgy)</fld> <def>The act or process of ascertaining the proportion of a particular metal in an ore or alloy; especially, the determination of the proportion of gold or silver in bullion or coin.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The alloy or metal to be assayed.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<usage><uex>Assay</uex> and <uex>essay</usex> are radically the same word; but modern usage has appropriated <uex>assay</uex> chiefly to experiments in metallurgy, and <uex>essay</uex> to intellectual and bodily efforts. See <er>Essay</er>.]

<note>&hand; <i>Assay</i> is used adjectively or as the first part of a compound; as, <i>assay</i> balance, <i>assay</i> furnace.</note>

<cs><col>Assay master</col>, <cd>an officer who assays or tests gold or silver coin or bullion.</cd> -- <col>Assay ton</col>, <cd>a weight of 29.166\'a6 grams.</cd></cs>

<h1>Assay</h1>
<Xpage=90>

<hw>As*say"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assayed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>asaier</ets>, <ets>essaier</ets>, F. <ets>essayer</ets>, fr. <ets>essai</ets>. See <er>Assay</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Essay</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To try; to attempt; to apply.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>To-night let us <b>assay</b> our plot.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Soft words to his fierce passion she <b>assayed</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To affect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When the heart is ill <b>assayed</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To try tasting, as food or drink.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To subject, as an ore, alloy, or other metallic compound, to chemical or metallurgical examination, in order to determine the amount of a particular metal contained in it, or to ascertain its composition.</def>

<h1>Assay</h1>
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<hw>As*say"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To attempt, try, or endeavor.</def> <mark>[Archaic. In this sense <i>essay</i> is now commonly used.]</mark>

<blockquote>She thrice <b>assayed</b> to speak.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assayable</h1>
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<hw>As*say"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be assayed.</def>

<h1>Assayer</h1>
<Xpage=90>

<hw>As*say"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who assays. Specifically: One who examines metallic ores or compounds, for the purpose of determining the amount of any particular metal in the same, especially of gold or silver.</def>

<h1>Assaying</h1>
<Xpage=90>

<hw>As*say"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of testing, esp. of analyzing or examining metals and ores, to determine the proportion of pure metal.</def>

<h1>Asse</h1>
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<hw>Asse</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small foxlike animal (<spn>Vulpes cama</spn>) of South Africa, valued for its fur.</def>

<h1>Assecuration</h1>
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<hw>As`se*cu*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>assecuratio</ets>, fr. <ets>assecurare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Assurance; certainty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Assecure</h1>
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<hw>As`se*cure"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>assecurare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make sure or safe; to assure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Assecution</h1>
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<hw>As`se*cu"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ass\'82cution</ets>, fr. L. <ets>assequi</ets> to obtain; <ets>ad + sequi</ets> to follow.]</ety> <def>An obtaining or acquiring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Assegai</h1>
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<hw>As"se*gai</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Assagai</er>.</def>

<h1>Assemblage</h1>
<Xpage=90>

<hw>As*sem"blage</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>assemblage</ets>. See <er>Assemble</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of assembling, or the state o<?/ being; association.</def>

<blockquote>In sweet <b>assemblage</b> every blooming grace.
<i>Fenton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collection of individuals, or of individuals, or of particular things; <as>as, a political <ex>assemblage</ex>; an <ex>assemblage</ex> of ideas.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Company; group; collection; concourse; gathering; meeting; convention.</syn> <usage> <er>Assemblage</er>, <er>Assembly</er>. An <i>assembly</i> consists only of persons; an <i>assemblage</i> may be composed of things as well as persons, <as>as, an <ex>assemblage</ex> of incoherent objects</as>. Nor is every <i>assemblage</i> of persons an <i>assembly</i>; since the latter term denotes a body who have met, and are acting, in concert for some common end, such as to hear, to deliberate, to unite in music, dancing, etc. An <i>assemblage</i> of skaters on a lake, or of horse jockeys at a race course, is not an <i>assembly</i>, but might be turned into one by collecting into a body with a view to discuss and decide as to some object of common interest.</usage>

<h1>Assemblance</h1>
<Xpage=90>

<hw>As*sem"blance</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>assemblance</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resemblance; likeness; appearance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Care I for the . . . stature, bulk, and big <b>assemblance</b> of a man <?/ Give me the spirit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An assembling; assemblage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To weete [know] the cause of their <b>assemblance</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assemble</h1>
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<hw>As*sem"ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assembled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assembling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>assembler</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>assimulare</ets> to bring together to collect; L. <ets>ad + simul</ets> together; akin to <ets>similis</ets> like, Gr. <?/ at the same time, and E. <ets>same</ets>. Cf. <er>Assimilate</er>, <er>Same</er>.]</ety> <def>To collect into one place or body; to bring or call together; to convene; to congregate.</def>

<blockquote>Thither he <b>assembled</b> all his train.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All the men of Israel <b>assembled</b> themselves.
<i>1 Kings viii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assemble</h1>
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<hw>As*sem"ble</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To meet or come together, as a number of individuals; to convene; to congregate.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Parliament <b>assembled</b> in November.
<i>W. Massey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assemble</h1>
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<hw>As*sem"ble</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To liken; to compare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Bribes may be <b>assembled</b> to pitch.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assembler</h1>
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<hw>As*sem"bler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who assembles a number of individuals; also, one of a number assembled.</def>

<h1>Assembly</h1>
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<hw>As*sem"bly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Assemblies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>assembl\'82e</ets>, fr. <ets>assembler</ets>. See <er>Assemble</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A company of persons collected together in one place, and usually for some common purpose, esp. for deliberation and legislation, for worship, or for social entertainment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collection of inanimate objects.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A beat of the drum or sound of the bugle as a signal to troops to assemble.</def>

<note>&hand; In some of the United States, the legislature, or the popular branch of it, is called the <i>Assembly</i>, or the <i>General Assembly</i>. In the Presbyterian Church, the <i>General Assembly</i> is the highest ecclesiastical tribunal, composed of ministers and ruling elders delegated from each presbytery; as, the <i>General Assembly</i> of the Presbyterian Church in the United States, or of Scotland.</note>

<-- p. 91  -->

<cs><col>Assembly room</col>, <cd>a room in which persons assemble, especially for dancing.</cd> -- <col>Unlawful assembly</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a meeting of three or more persons on a common plan, in such a way as to cause a reasonable apprehension that they will disturb the peace tumultuously.</cd> -- <col>Westminster Assembly</col>, <cd>a convocation, consisting chiefly of divines, which, by act of Parliament, assembled July 1, 1643, and remained in session some years. It framed the "Confession of Faith," the "Larger Catechism," and the "Shorter Catechism," which are still received as authority by Presbyterians, and are substantially accepted by Congregationalists.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Assemblage</er>.</syn>

<h1>Assemblyman</h1>
<Xpage=91>

<hw>As*sem"bly*man</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Assemblymen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>A member of an assembly, especially of the lower branch of a state legislature.</def>

<h1>Assent</h1>
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<hw>As*sent"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>assentir</ets>, L. <ets>assentire</ets>, <ets>assentiri</ets>; <ets>ad + sentire</ets> to feel, think. See <er>Sense</er>.]</ety> <def>To admit a thing as true; to express one's agreement, acquiescence, concurrence, or concession.</def>

<blockquote>Who informed the governor . . . And the Jews also <b>assented</b>, saying that these things were so.
<i>Acts xxiv. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The princess <b>assented</b> to all that was suggested.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To yield; agree; acquiesce; concede; concur.</syn>

<h1>Assent</h1>
<Xpage=91>

<hw>As*sent"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>assent</ets>, fr. <ets>assentir</ets>. See <er>Assent</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of assenting; the act of the mind in admitting or agreeing to anything; concurrence with approval; consent; agreement; acquiescence.</def>

<blockquote>Faith is the <b>assent</b> to any proposition, on the credit of the proposer.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>assent</b>, if not the approbation, of the prince.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Too many people read this ribaldry with <b>assent</b> and admiration.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Royal assent</col>, <cd>in England, the assent of the sovereign to a bill which has passed both houses of Parliament, after which it becomes law.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Concurrence; acquiescence; approval; accord.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Assent</er>, <er>Consent</er>. <i>Assent</i> is an act of the understanding, <i>consent</i> of the will or feelings. We <i>assent</i> to the views of others when our minds come to the same conclusion with theirs as to what is true, right, or admissible. We <i>consent</i> when there is such a concurrence of our will with their desires and wishes that we decide to comply with their requests. The king of England gives his <i>assent</i>, not his <i>consent</i>, to acts of Parliament, because, in theory at least, he is not governed by personal feelings or choice, but by a deliberate, judgment as to the common good. We also use <i>assent</i> in cases where a proposal is made which involves but little interest or feeling. A lady may <i>assent</i> to a gentleman's opening the window; but if he offers himself in marriage, he must wait for her <i>consent</i>.</usage>

<h1>Assentation</h1>
<Xpage=91>

<hw>As`sen*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assentatio</ets>. See <er>Assent</er>, v.]</ety> <def>Insincere, flattering, or obsequious assent; hypocritical or pretended concurrence.</def>

<blockquote>Abject flattery and indiscriminate <b>assentation</b> degrade as much as indiscriminate contradiction and noisy debate disgust.
<i>Ld. Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assentator</h1>
<Xpage=91>

<hw>As`sen*ta"tor</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>assentari</ets> to assent constantly.]</ety> <def>An obsequious; a flatterer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Assentatory</h1>
<Xpage=91>

<hw>As*sent"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Flattering; obsequious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  -- <wordforms><wf>As*sent"a*to*ri*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Assenter</h1>
<Xpage=91>

<hw>As*sent"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who assents.</def>

<h1>Assentient</h1>
<Xpage=91>

<hw>As*sen"tient</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Assenting.</def>

<h1>Assenting</h1>
<Xpage=91>

<hw>As*sent"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giving or implying assent.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As*sent"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Assentive</h1>
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<hw>As*sent"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giving assent; of the nature of assent; complying.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As*sent"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Assentment</h1>
<Xpage=91>

<hw>As*sent"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Assent; agreement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Assert</h1>
<Xpage=91>

<hw>As*sert"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Asserted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Asserting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>assertus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>asserere</ets> to join or fasten to one's self, claim, maintain; <ets>ad + serere</ets> to join or bind together. See <er>Series</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To affirm; to declare with assurance, or plainly and strongly; to state positively; to aver; to asseverate.</def>

<blockquote>Nothing is more shameful . . . than to <b>assert</b> anything to be done without a cause.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To maintain; to defend.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>That . . . I may <b>assert</b> Eternal Providence,

And justify the ways of God to men.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will <b>assert</b> it from the scandal.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To maintain or defend, as a cause or a claim, by words or measures; to vindicate a claim or title to; <as>as, to <ex>assert</ex> our rights and liberties</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To assert one's self</col>, <cd>to claim or vindicate one's rights or position; to demand recognition.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To affirm; aver; asseverate; maintain; protest; pronounce; declare; vindicate.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Assert</er>, <er>Affirm</er>, <er>Maintain</er>, <er>Vindicate</er>. To <i>assert</i> is to fasten to one's self, and hence to <i>claim</i>. It is, therefore, adversative in its nature. We <i>assert</i> our rights and privileges, or the cause of tree institutions, as against opposition or denial. To <i>affirm</i> is to declare as true. We <i>assert</i> boldly; we <i>affirm</i> positively. To <i>maintain</i> is to uphold, and insist upon with earnestness, whatever we have once asserted; <as>as, to <ex>maintain</ex> one's cause, to <ex>maintain</ex> an argument, to <ex>maintain</ex> the ground we have taken</as>. To <i>vindicate</i> is to use language and measures of the strongest kind, in defense of ourselves and those for whom we act. We <i>maintain</i> our assertions by adducing proofs, facts, or arguments; we are ready to <i>vindicate</i> our rights or interests by the utmost exertion of our powers.</usage>

<h1>Asserter</h1>
<Xpage=91>

<hw>As*sert"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who asserts; one who avers pr maintains; an assertor.</def>

<blockquote>The inflexible <b>asserter</b> of the rights of the church.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assertion</h1>
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<hw>As*ser"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assertio</ets>, fr. <ets>asserere</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of asserting, or that which is asserted; positive declaration or averment; affirmation; statement asserted; position advanced.</def>

<blockquote>There is a difference between <b>assertion</b> and demonstration.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Maintenance; vindication; <as>as, the <ex>assertion</ex> of one's rights or prerogatives</as>.</def>

<h1>Assertive</h1>
<Xpage=91>

<hw>As*sert"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Positive; affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory.</def>

<blockquote>In a confident and <b>assertive</b> form.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<wordforms><wf>As*sert"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>As*sert"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Assertor</h1>
<Xpage=91>

<hw>As*sert"or</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>asserere</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who asserts or avers; one who maintains or vindicates a claim or a right; an affirmer, supporter, or vindicator; a defender; an asserter.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>assertors</b> of liberty said not a word.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Faithful <b>assertor</b> of thy country's cause.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assertorial</h1>
<Xpage=91>

<hw>As`ser*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Asserting that a thing <i>is</i>; -- opposed to <i>problematical</i> and <i>apodeictical</i>.</def>

<h1>Assertory</h1>
<Xpage=91>

<hw>As*sert"o*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assertorius</ets>, fr. <ets>asserere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affirming; maintaining.</def>

<blockquote>Arguments . . . <b>assertory</b>, not probatory.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An <b>assertory</b>, not a promissory, declaration.
<i>Bentham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A proposition is <b>assertory</b>, when it enounces what is known as actual.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assess</h1>
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<hw>As*sess"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assessed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assessing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>assesser</ets> to regulate, settle, LL. <ets>assessare</ets> to value for taxation, fr. L. <ets>assidere</ets>, supine as if <ets>assessum</ets>, to sit by, esp. of judges in a court, in LL. to assess, tax. Cf. <er>Assize</er>, <ets>v</ets>., <er>Cess</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To value; to make a valuation or official estimate of for the purpose of taxation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To apportion a sum to be paid by (a person, a community, or an estate), in the nature of a tax, fine, etc.; to impose a tax upon (a person, an estate, or an income) according to a rate or apportionment.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To determine and impose a tax or fine upon (a person, community, estate, or income); to tax; <as>as, the club <ex>assessed</ex> each member twenty-five cents</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To fix or determine the rate or amount of.</def>

<blockquote>This sum is <b>assessed</b> and raised upon individuals by commissioners in the act.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assessable</h1>
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<hw>As*sess"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Liable to be assessed or taxed; <as>as, <ex>assessable</ex> property</as>.</def>

<h1>Assessee</h1>
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<hw>As`sess*ee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is assessed.</def>

<h1>Assession</h1>
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<hw>As*ses"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assessio</ets>, fr. <ets>assid<?/re</ets> to sit by or near; <ets>ad + sed<?/re</ets> to sit. See <er>Sit</er>.]</ety> <def>A sitting beside or near.</def>

<h1>Assessment</h1>
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<hw>As*sess"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>assessamentum</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of assessing; the act of determining an amount to be paid; <as>as, an <ex>assessment</ex> of damages, or of taxes; an <ex>assessment</ex> of the members of a club.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A valuation of property or profits of business, for the purpose of taxation; such valuation and an adjudging of the proper sum to be levied on the property; <as>as, an <ex>assessment</ex> of property or an <ex>assessment</ex> on property</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; An <i>assessment</i> is a valuation made by authorized persons according to their discretion, as opposed to a sum certain or determined by law. It is a valuation of the property of those who are to pay the tax, for the purpose of fixing the proportion which each man shall pay.</note>

<i>Blackstone. Burrill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The specific sum levied or assessed.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An apportionment of a subscription for stock into successive installments; also, one of these installments (in England termed a "call").</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Assessor</h1>
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<hw>As*sess"or</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., one who sits beside, the assistant of a judge, fr. <ets>assid<?/re</ets>. See <er>Assession</er>. LL., one who arranges of determines the taxes, fr. <ets>assid<?/re</ets>. See <er>Assess</er>, <ets>v</ets>., and cf. <er>Cessor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One appointed or elected to assist a judge or magistrate with his special knowledge of the subject to be decided; as legal <i>assessors</i>, nautical <i>assessors</i>.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who sits by another, as next in dignity, or as an assistant and adviser; an associate in office.</def>

<blockquote>Whence to his Son,
The <b>assessor</b> of his throne, he thus began.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With his ignorance, his inclinations, and his fancy, as his <b>assessors</b> in judgment.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One appointed to assess persons or property for the purpose of taxation.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Assessorial</h1>
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<hw>As`ses*so"ri*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>assessorial</ets>, fr. L. <ets>assessor</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an assessor, or to a court of assessors.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Assessorship</h1>
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<hw>As*sess"or*ship</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or function of an assessor.</def>

<h1>Asset</h1>
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<hw>As"set</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any article or separable part of one's assets.</def>

<h1>Assets</h1>
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<hw>As"sets</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>asez</ets> enough, F. <ets>assez</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + satis</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/ enough, Goth. <ets>saps</ets> full. Cf. <er>Assai</er>, <er>Satisfy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Property of a deceased person, subject by law to the payment of his debts and legacies; -- called <i>assets</i> because <i>sufficient</i> to render the executor or administrator liable to the creditors and legatees, so far as such goods or estate may extend.</def> <i>Story</i>. <i>Blackstone</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Effects of an insolvent debtor or bankrupt, applicable to the payment of debts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The entire property of all sorts, belonging to a person, a corporation, or an estate; <as>as, the <ex>assets</ex> of a merchant or a trading association</as>; -- opposed to <contr>liabilities</contr>.</def>

<note>&hand; In balancing accounts the <i>assets</i> are put on the Cr. side and the debts on the Dr. side.</note>

<h1>Assever</h1>
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<hw>As*sev"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>asseverer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>asseverare</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Asseverate</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Asseverate</h1>
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<hw>As*sev"er*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Asseverated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Asseverating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>asseveratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>asseverare</ets> to assert seriously or earnestly; <ets>ad + severus</ets>. See <er>Severe</er>.]</ety> <def>To affirm or aver positively, or with solemnity.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To affirm; aver; protest; declare. See <er>Affirm</er>.</syn>

<h1>Asseveration</h1>
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<hw>As*sev`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asseveratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of asseverating, or that which is asseverated; positive affirmation or assertion; solemn declaration.</def>

<blockquote>Another abuse of the tongue I might add, -- vehement <b>asseverations</b> upon slight and trivial occasions.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Asseverative</h1>
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<hw>As*sev"er*a*tive</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by asseveration; asserting positively.</def>

<h1>Asseveratory</h1>
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<hw>As*sev"er*a*to*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Asseverative.</def>

<h1>Assibilate</h1>
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<hw>As*sib"i*late</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assibilatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assibilare</ets> to hiss out; <ets>ad + sibilare</ets> to hiss.]</ety> <def>To make sibilant; to change to a sibilant.</def>

<i>J. Peile.</i>

<h1>Assibilation</h1>
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<hw>As*sib`i*la"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Change of a non-sibilant letter to a sibilant, as of -<i>tion</i> to -<i>shun</i>, <i>duke</i> to <i>ditch</i>.</def>

<h1>Assidean</h1>
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<hw>As`si*de"an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>kh\'besad</ets> to be pious.]</ety> <def>One of a body of devoted Jews who opposed the Hellenistic Jews, and supported the Asmoneans.</def>

<h1>Assident</h1>
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<hw>As"si*dent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assidens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>assid<?/re</ets> to sit by: cf. F. <ets>assident</ets>. See <er>Assession</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Usually attending a disease, but not always; <as>as, <ex>assident</ex> signs, or symptoms</as>.</def>

<h1>Assiduate</h1>
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<hw>As*sid"u*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assiduatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assiduare</ets> to use assiduously.]</ety> <def>Unremitting; assiduous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Assiduate</i> labor."

<i>Fabyan.</i>

<h1>Assiduity</h1>
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<hw>As`si*du"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Assiduities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>assiduitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>assiduite</ets>. See <er>Assiduous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Constant or close application or attention, particularly to some business or enterprise; diligence.</def>

<blockquote>I have, with much pains and <b>assiduity</b>, qualified myself for a nomenclator.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Studied and persevering attention to a person; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<h1>Assiduous</h1>
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<hw>As*sid"u*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assiduus</ets>, fr. <ets>assid<?/re</ets> to sit near or close; <ets>ad + sed<?/re</ets> to sit. See <er>Sit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Constant in application or attention; devoted; attentive; unremitting.</def>

<blockquote>She grows more <b>assiduous</b> in her attendance.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Performed with constant diligence or attention; unremitting; persistent; <as>as, <ex>assiduous</ex> labor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To weary him with my <b>assiduous</b> cries.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Diligent; attentive; sedulous; unwearied; unintermitted; persevering; laborious; indefatigable.</syn>

<wordforms><wf>As*sid"u*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>As*sid"u*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Assiege</h1>
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<hw>As*siege"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>asegen</ets>, OF. <ets>asegier</ets>, F. <ets>assi\'82ger</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>assediare</ets>, <ets>assidiare</ets>, to besiege. See <er>Siege</er>.]</ety> <def>To besiege.</def>   <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Assieged</i> castles."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Assiege</h1>
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<hw>As*siege"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A siege.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Assientist</h1>
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<hw>As`si*en"tist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>assientiste</ets>, Sp. <ets>asentista</ets>.]</ety> <def>A shareholder of the Assiento company; one of the parties to the Assiento contract.</def>

<i>Bancroft.</i>

<h1>Assiento</h1>
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<hw>As`si*en"to</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>asiento</ets> seat, contract or agreement, fr. <ets>asentar</ets> to place on a chair, to adjust, to make an agreement; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>sentar</ets>, a participial verb; as if there were a L. <ets>sedentare</ets> to cause to sit, fr. <ets>sedens</ets>, <ets>sedentis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>sed<?/re</ets> to sit.]</ety> <def>A contract or convention between Spain and other powers for furnishing negro slaves for the Spanish dominions in America, esp. the contract made with Great Britain in 1713.</def>

<h1>Assign</h1>
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<hw>As*sign"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assigned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assigning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>assignen</ets>, <ets>asignen</ets>, F. <ets>assigner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>assignare</ets>; <ets>ad + signare</ets> to mark, mark out, designate, <ets>signum</ets> mark, sign. See <er>Sign</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To appoint; to allot; to apportion; to make over.</def>

<blockquote>In the order I <b>assign</b> to them.
<i>Loudon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The man who could feel thus was worthy of a better station than that in which his lot had been <b>assigned</b>.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>assigned</b> to his men their several posts.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fix, specify, select, or designate; to point out authoritatively or exactly; <as>as, to <ex>assign</ex> a limit; to <ex>assign</ex> counsel for a prisoner; to <ex>assign</ex> a day for trial.</as></def>

<blockquote>All as the dwarf the way to her <b>assigned</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is not easy to <b>assign</b> a period more eventful.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To transfer, or make over to another, esp. to transfer to, and vest in, certain persons, called <i>assignees</i>, for the benefit of creditors.</def>

<cs><col>To assign dower</col>, <cd>to set out by metes and bounds the widow's share or portion in an estate.</cd></cs>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Assign</h1>
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<hw>As*sign"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Assign</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thing pertaining or belonging to something else; an appurtenance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Six French rapiers and poniards, with their <b>assigns</b>, as girdles, hangers, and so.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assign</h1>
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<hw>As*sign"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Assignee</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person to whom property or an interest is transferred; <as>as, a deed to a man and his heirs and <ex>assigns</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Assignability</h1>
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<hw>As*sign`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being assignable.</def>

<h1>Assignable</h1>
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<hw>As*sign"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being assigned, allotted, specified, or designated; <as>as, an <ex>assignable</ex> note or bill; an <ex>assignable</ex> reason; an <ex>assignable</ex> quantity.</as></def>

<h1>Assignat</h1>
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<hw>As`si`gnat"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>assignat</ets>, fr. L. <ets>assignatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assignare</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of the notes, bills, or bonds, issued as currency by the revolutionary government of France (1790-1796), and based on the security of the lands of the church and of nobles which had been appropriated by the state.</def>

<h1>Assignation</h1>
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<hw>As`sig*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assignatio</ets>, fr. <ets>assignare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>assignation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of assigning or allotting; apportionment.</def>

<blockquote>This order being taken in the senate, as touching the appointment and <b>assignation</b> of those provinces.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An appointment of time and place for meeting or interview; -- used chiefly of love interviews, and now commonly in a bad sense.</def>

<blockquote>While nymphs take treats, or <b>assignations</b> give.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A making over by transfer of title; assignment.</def>

<cs><col>House of assignation</col>, <cd>a house in which appointments for sexual intercourse are fulfilled.</cd></cs>

<h1>Assignee</h1>
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<hw>As`sign*ee"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>assign\'82</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assigner</ets>. See <er>Assign</er>, <ets>v</ets>., and cf. <er>Assign</er> an assignee.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A person to whom an assignment is made; a person appointed or deputed by another to do some act, perform some business, or enjoy some right, privilege, or property; <as>as, an <ex>assignee</ex> of a bankrupt</as>. See <er>Assignment</er> <sd>(c)</sd>.   An assignee may be by special appointment or deed, or be created by jaw; as an executor.</def> <i>Cowell</i>.  <i>Blount</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>In England, the persons appointed, under a commission of bankruptcy, to manage the estate of a bankrupt for the benefit of his creditors.</def>

<-- p. 92  -->

<h1>Assigner</h1>
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<hw>As*sign"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who assigns, appoints, allots, or apportions.</def>

<h1>Assignment</h1>
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<hw>As*sign"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>assignamentum</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>assenement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An allotting or an appointment to a particular person or use; or for a particular time, as of a cause or causes in court.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A transfer of title or interest by writing, as of lease, bond, note, or bill of exchange; a transfer of the whole of some particular estate or interest in lands.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The writing by which an interest is transferred.</def>  <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The transfer of the property of a bankrupt to certain persons called <i>assignees</i>, in whom it is vested for the benefit of creditors.</def>

<cs><col>Assignment of dower</col>, <cd>the setting out by metes and bounds of the widow's thirds or portion in the deceased husband's estate, and allotting it to her.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; <i>Assignment</i> is also used in law as convertible with <i>specification</i>; assignment of error in proceedings for review being specification of error; and assignment of perjury or fraud in indictment being specifications of perjury or fraud.</note>

<h1>Assignor</h1>
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<hw>As`sign*or"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assignator</ets>. Cf. <er>Assigner</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An assigner; a person who assigns or transfers an interest; <as>as, the <ex>assignor</ex> of a debt or other chose in action</as>.</def>

<h1>Assimilability</h1>
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<hw>As*sim`i*la*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being assimilable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Assimilable</h1>
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<hw>As*sim"i*la*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be assimilated; that may be likened, or appropriated and incorporated.</def>

<h1>Assimilate</h1>
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<hw>As*sim"i*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assimilated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assimilating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>assimilatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assimilare</ets>; <ets>ad + similare</ets> to make like, <ets>similis</ets> like. See <er>Similar</er>, <er>Assemble</er>, <er>Assimilate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring to a likeness or to conformity; to cause a resemblance between.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<blockquote>To <b>assimilate</b> our law to the law of Scotland.
<i>John Bright.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fast falls a fleecy; the downy flakes
<b>Assimilate</b> all objects.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To liken; to compa<?/e.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To appropriate and transform or incorporate into the substance of the assimilating body; to absorb or appropriate, as nourishment; <as>as, food is <ex>assimilated</ex> and converted into organic tissue</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Hence also animals and vegetables may <b>assimilate</b> their nourishment.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His mind had no power to <b>assimilate</b> the lessons.
<i>Merivale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assimilate</h1>
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<hw>As*sim"i*late</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become similar or like something else.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To change and appropriate nourishment so as to make it a part of the substance of the assimilating body.</def>

<blockquote>Aliment easily <b>assimilated</b> or turned into blood.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be converted into the substance of the assimilating body; to become incorporated; <as>as, some kinds of food <ex>assimilate</ex> more readily than others</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I am a foreign material, and cannot <b>assimilate</b> with the church of England.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assimilation</h1>
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<hw>As*sim`i*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assimilatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>assimilation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of assimilating or bringing to a resemblance, likeness, or identity; also, the state of being so assimilated; <as>as, the <ex>assimilation</ex> of one sound to another</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To aspire to an <b>assimilation</b> with God.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>assimilation</b> of gases and vapors.
<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The conversion of nutriment into the fluid or solid substance of the body, by the processes of digestion and absorption, whether in plants or animals.</def>

<blockquote>Not conversing the body, not repairing it by <b>assimilation</b>, but preserving it by ventilation.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The term <i>assimilation</i> has been limited by some to the final process by which the nutritive matter of the blood is converted into the substance of the tissues and organs.</note>

<h1>Assimilative</h1>
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<hw>As*sim"i*la*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>assimilativus</ets>, F. <ets>assimilatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to, or characterized by, assimilation; that assimilates or causes assimilation; <as>as, an <ex>assimilative</ex> process or substance</as>.</def>

<h1>Assimilatory</h1>
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<hw>As*sim"i*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to assimilate, or produce assimilation; <as>as, <ex>assimilatory</ex> organs</as>.</def>

<h1>Assimulate</h1>
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<hw>As*sim"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assimulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assimulare</ets>, equiv. to <ets>assimilare</ets>. See <er>Assimilate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To feign; to counterfeit; to simulate; to resemble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To assimilate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Assimulation</h1>
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<hw>As*sim`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assimulatio</ets>, equiv. to <ets>assimilatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Assimilation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Assinego</h1>
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<hw>As`si*ne"go</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Asinego</er>.</def>

<h1>Assish</h1>
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<hw>Ass"ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling an ass; asinine; stupid or obstinate.</def>

<blockquote>Such . . . appear to be of the <b>assich</b> kind . . .
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assist</h1>
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<hw>As*sist"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assisted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assisting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>assistere</ets>; <ets>ad + sistere</ets> to cause to stand, to stand, from <ets>stare</ets> to stand: cf. F. <ets>assister</ets>. See <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <def>To give support to in some undertaking or effort, or in time of distress; to help; to aid; to succor.</def>

<blockquote><b>Assist</b> me, knight. I am undone!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To help; aid; second; back; support; relieve; succor; befriend; sustain; favor. See <er>Help</er>.</syn>

<h1>Assist</h1>
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<hw>As*sist"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lend aid; to help.</def>

<blockquote>With God not parted from him, as was feared,
But favoring and <b>assisting</b> to the end.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be present as a spectator; <as>as, to <ex>assist</ex> at a public meeting</as>.</def> <mark>[A Gallicism]</mark>

<i>Gibbon. Prescott.</i>

<h1>Assistance</h1>
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<hw>As*sist"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>assistance</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of assisting; help; aid; furtherance; succor; support.</def>

<blockquote>Without the <b>assistance</b> of a mortal hand.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An assistant or helper; a body of helpers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Wat Tyler [was] killed by valiant Walworth, the lord mayor of London, and his <b>assistance</b>, . . . John Cavendish.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Persons present.</def> <mark>[Obs. or a Gallicism]</mark>

<h1>Assistant</h1>
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<hw>As*sist"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>assistant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>assister</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Helping; lending aid or support; auxiliary.</def>

<blockquote>Genius and learning . . . are mutually and greatly <b>assistant</b> to each other.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Of the second grade in the staff of the army; <as>as, an <ex>assistant surgeon</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<note>&hand; In the English army it designates the third grade in any particular branch of the staff.</note>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Assistant</h1>
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<hw>As*sist"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, assists; a helper; an auxiliary; a means of help.</def>

<blockquote>Four <b>assistants</b> who his labor share.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Rhymes merely as <b>assistants</b> to memory.
<i>Mrs. Chapone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An attendant; one who is present.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Assistantly</h1>
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<hw>As*sist"ant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner to give aid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Assister</h1>
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<hw>As*sist"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An assistant; a helper.</def>

<h1>Assistful</h1>
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<hw>As*sist"ful</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Helpful.</def>

<h1>Assistive</h1>
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<hw>As*sist"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lending aid, helping.</def>

<h1>Assistless</h1>
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<hw>As*sist"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without aid or help.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Assistor</h1>
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<hw>As*sist"or</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A assister.</def>

<h1>Assithment</h1>
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<hw>As*sith"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Assythment</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Assize</h1>
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<hw>As*size"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>assise</ets>, <ets>asise</ets>, OF. <ets>assise</ets>, F. <ets>assises</ets>, assembly of judges, the decree pronounced by them, tax, impost, fr. <ets>assis</ets>, <ets>assise</ets>, p. p. of <ets>asseoir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>assid<?/re</ets> to sit by; <ets>ad + sed<?/re</ets> to sit. See <er>Sit</er>, <er>Size</er>, and cf. <er>Excise</er>, <er>Assess</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An assembly of knights and other substantial men, with a bailiff or justice, in a certain place and at a certain time, for public business.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A special kind of jury or inquest.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A kind of writ or real action.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A verdict or finding of a jury upon such writ.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A statute or ordinance in general. Specifically: (1) A statute regulating the weight, measure, and proportions of ingredients and the price of articles sold in the market; <as>as, the <ex>assize</ex> of bread and other provisions</as>; (2) A statute fixing the standard of weights and measures.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Anything fixed or reduced to a certainty in point of time, number, quantity, quality, weight, measure, etc.; <as>as, rent of <ex>assize</ex></as>.</def>   <i>Glanvill</i>.  <i>Spelman. Cowell</i>.  <i>Blackstone</i>.  <i>Tomlins</i>.   au>Burrill</i>. <note>[This term is not now used in England in the sense of a writ or real action, and seldom of a jury of any kind, but in Scotch practice it is still technically applied to the jury in criminal cases. <i>Stephen</i>. <i>Burrill</i>. <i>Erskine</i>.]</note> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>A court, the sitting or session of a court, for the trial of processes, whether civil or criminal, by a judge and jury.</def> <i>Blackstone</i>. <i>Wharton</i>. <i>Encyc. Brit.</i> <sd>(g)</sd> <def>The periodical sessions of the judges of the superior courts in every county of England for the purpose of administering justice in the trial and determination of civil and criminal cases; -- usually in the plural.</def> <i>Brande</i>. <i>Wharton</i>. <i>Craig</i>. <i>Burrill</i>. <sd>(h)</sd> <def>The time or place of holding the court of assize; -- generally in the plural, <i>assizes</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Measure; dimension; size.</def>   <altsp>[In this sense now corrupted into <asp>size</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>An hundred cubits high by just <b>assize</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<altsp>[Formerly written, as in French, <asp>assise</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Assize</h1>
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<hw>As*size"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Assize</er>, <tt>n.</tt>: cf. LL. <ets>assisare</ets> to decree in assize. Cf. <er>Asses</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To assess; to value; to rate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fix the weight, measure, or price of, by an ordinance or regulation of authority.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Assizer</h1>
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<hw>As*siz"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An officer who has the care or inspection of weights and measures, etc.</def>

<h1>Assizor</h1>
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<hw>As*siz"or</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A juror.</def>

<h1>Assober</h1>
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<hw>As*so"ber</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>sober</ets>. Cf. <er>Ensober</er>.]</ety> <def>To make or keep sober.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Associability</h1>
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<hw>As*so`cia*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being associable, or capable of association; associableness.</def> "The <i>associability</i> of feelings."

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Associable</h1>
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<hw>As*so"cia*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Associate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being associated or joined.</def>

<blockquote>We know feelings to be <b>associable</b> only by the proved ability of one to revive another.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sociable; companionable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Liable to be affected by sympathy with other parts; -- said of organs, nerves, muscles, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The stomach, the most <b>associable</b> of all the organs of the animal body.
<i>Med. Rep.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Associableness</h1>
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<hw>As*so"cia*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Associability.</def>

<h1>Associate</h1>
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<hw>As*so"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Associated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Associating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>associatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>associare</ets>; <ets>ad + sociare</ets> to join or unite, <ets>socius</ets> companion. See <er>Social</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To join with one, as a friend, companion, partner, or confederate; <as>as, to <ex>associate</ex> others with <?/s in business, or in an enterprise</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To join or connect; to combine in acting; <as>as, particles of gold <ex>associated</ex> with other substances</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To connect or place together in thought.</def>

<blockquote>He succeeded in <b>associating</b> his name inseparably with some names which will last an long as our language.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To accompany; to keep company with.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Friends should <b>associate</b> friends in grief and woe.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Associate</h1>
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<hw>As*so"ci*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unite in company; to keep company, implying intimacy; <as>as, congenial minds are disposed to <ex>associate</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To unite in action, or to be affected by the action of a different part of the body.</def>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Associate</h1>
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<hw>As*so"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>associatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Closely connected or joined with some other, as in interest, purpose, employment, or office; sharing responsibility or authority; <as>as, an <ex>associate</ex> judge</as>.</def>

<blockquote>While I descend . . . to my <b>associate</b> powers.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Admitted to some, but not to all, rights and privileges; <as>as, an <ex>associate</ex> member</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Connected by habit or sympathy; <as>as, <ex>associate</ex> motions, such as occur sympathetically, in consequence of preceding motions</as>.</def>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Associate</h1>
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<hw>As*so"ci*ate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A companion; one frequently in company with another, implying intimacy or equality; a mate; a fellow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A partner in interest, as in business; or a confederate in a league.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One connected with an association or institution without the full rights or privileges of a regular member; <as>as, an <ex>associate</ex> of the Royal Academy</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything closely or usually connected with another; an concomitant.</def>

<blockquote>The one [idea] no sooner comes into the understanding, than its <b>associate</b> appears with it.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Companion; mate; fellow; friend; ally; partner; coadjutor; comrade; accomplice.</syn>

<h1>Associated</h1>
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<hw>As*so"ci*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Joined as a companion; brought into association; accompanying; combined.</def>

<cs><col>Associated movements</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>consensual movements which accompany voluntary efforts without our consciousness.</cd>

<i>Dunglison.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Associateship</h1>
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<hw>As*so"ci*ate*ship</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of an associate, as in Academy or an office.</def>

<h1>Association</h1>
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<hw>As*so`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>association</ets>, LL. <ets>associatio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>associare</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of associating, or state of being associated; union; connection, whether of persons of things.</def> "Some . . . bond of <i>association</i>."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<blockquote>Self-denial is a kind of holy <b>association</b> with God.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mental connection, or that which is mentally linked or associated with a thing.</def>

<blockquote>Words . . . must owe their powers <b>association</b>.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Why should . . . the holiest words, with all their venerable <b>associations</b>, be profaned?
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Union of persons in a company or society for some particular purpose; <as>as, the American <ex>Association</ex> for the Advancement of Science; a benevolent <ex>association</ex></as>.  Specifically, as among the Congregationalists, a society, consisting of a number of ministers, generally the pastors of neighboring churches, united for promoting the interests of religion and the harmony of the churches.</def>

<cs><col>Association of ideas</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the combination or connection of states of mind or their objects with one another, as the result of which one is said to be revived or represented by means of the other. The relations according to which they are thus connected or revived are called the <i>law of association<i>. Prominent among them are reckoned the relations of time and place, and of cause and effect.</cd></cs>

<i>Porter.</i>

<h1>Associational</h1>
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<hw>As*so`ci*a"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to association, or to an association.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to the theory held by the associationists.</def>

<h1>Associationism</h1>
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<hw>As*so`ci*a"tion*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The doctrine or theory held by associationists.</def>

<h1>Associationist</h1>
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<hw>As*so`ci*a"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>One who explains the higher functions and relations of the soul by the association of ideas; <i>e</i>. <i>g</i>., Hartley, J. C. Mill.</def>

<h1>Associative</h1>
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<hw>As*so"ci*a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the quality of associating; tending or leading to association; <as>as, the <ex>associative</ex> faculty</as>.</def>

<i>Hugh Miller.</i>

<h1>Associator</h1>
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<hw>As*so"ci*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An associate; a confederate or partner in any scheme.</def>

<blockquote>How Pennsylvania's air agrees with Quakers,
And Carolina's with <b>associators</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assoil</h1>
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<hw>As*soil"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>assoiler</ets>, <ets>absoiler</ets>, <ets>assoldre</ets>, F. <ets>absoudre</ets>, L. <ets>absolvere</ets>. See <er>Absolve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set free; to release.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Till from her hands the spright <b>assoiled</b> is.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To solve; to clear up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Any child might soon be able to <b>assoil</b> this riddle.
<i>Bp. Jewel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To set free from guilt; to absolve.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Acquitted and <b>assoiled</b> from the guilt.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Many persons think themselves fairly <b>assoiled</b>, because they are . . . not of scandalous lives.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To expiate; to atone for.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Let each act <b>assoil</b> a fault.
<i>E. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To remove; to put off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She soundly slept, and careful thoughts did quite <b>assoil</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assoil</h1>
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<hw>As*soil"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>soil</ets>.]</ety> <def>To soil; to stain.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poet.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<blockquote>Ne'er <b>assoil</b> my cobwebbed shield.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assoilment</h1>
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<hw>As*soil"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of assoiling, or state of being assoiled; absolution; acquittal.</def>

<h1>Assoilment</h1>
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<hw>As*soil"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A soiling; defilement.</def>

<mhw><h1>Assoilzie, Assoilyie</h1>
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<hw>As*soil"zie</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As*soil"yie</hw></mhw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Old form <ets>assoil<?/e</ets>. See <er>Assoil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>To absolve; to acquit by sentence of court.</def>

<blockquote>God <b>assoilzie</b> him for the sin of bloodshed.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assonance</h1>
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<hw>As"so*nance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>assonance</ets>. See <er>Assonant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resemblance of sound.</def> "The disagreeable <i>assonance</i> of <?/sheath' and <?/sheathed.'"

<i>Steevens.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A peculiar species of rhyme, in which the last accented vowel and those which follow it in one word correspond in sound with the vowels of another word, while the consonants of the two words are unlike in sound; <as>as, <ex>calamo</ex> and <ex>platano</ex>, <ex>baby</ex> and <ex>chary</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>assonance</b> is peculiar to the Spaniard.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Incomplete correspondence.</def>

<blockquote><b>Assonance</b> between facts seemingly remote.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assonant</h1>
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<hw>As"so*nant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assonans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>assonare</ets> to sound to, to correspond to in sound; <ets>ad + sonare</ets> to sound, <ets>sonus</ets> sound: cf. F. <ets>assonant</ets>. See <er>Sound</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a resemblance of sounds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the peculiar species of rhyme called <i>assonance</i>; not consonant.</def>

<h1>Assonantal</h1>
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<hw>As`so*nan"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Assonant.</def>

<h1>Assonate</h1>
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<hw>As"so*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assonare</ets>, <ets>assonatum</ets>, to respond to.]</ety> <def>To correspond in sound.</def>

<h1>Assort</h1>
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<hw>As*sort"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assorted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assorting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>assortir</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>sortir</ets> to cast or draw lots, to obtain by lot, L. <ets>sortiri</ets>, fr. <ets>sors</ets>, <ets>sortis</ets>, lot. See <er>Sort</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To separate and distribute into classes, as things of a like kind, nature, or quality, or which are suited to a like purpose; to classify; <as>as, to <ex>assort</ex> goods</as>. <note>[Rarely applied to persons.]</note></def>

<blockquote>They appear . . . no ways <b>assorted</b> to those with whom they must associate.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with, or make up of, various sorts or a variety of goods; <as>as, to <ex>assort</ex> a cargo</as>.</def>

<h1>Assort</h1>
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<hw>As*sort"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To agree; to be in accordance; to be adapted; to suit; to fall into a class or place.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<-- p. 93  -->

<h1>Assorted</h1>
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<hw>As*sort"ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Selected; culled.</def>

<h1>Assortment</h1>
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<hw>As*sort"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>assortiment</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of assorting, or distributing into sorts, kinds, or classes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collection or quantity of things distributed into kinds or sorts; a number of things assorted.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A collection containing a variety of sorts or kinds adapted to various wants, demands, or purposes; <as>as, an <ex>assortment</ex> of goods</as>.</def>

<h1>Assot</h1>
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<hw>As*sot"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>asoter</ets>, F. <ets>assoter</ets>; <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>sot</ets> stupid. See <er>Sot</er>.]</ety> <def>To besot; to befool; to beguile; to infatuate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some ecstasy <b>assotted</b> had his sense.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assot</h1>
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<hw>As*sot"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dazed; foolish; infatuated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Willie, I ween thou be <b>assot</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assuage</h1>
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<hw>As*suage"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assuaged</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assuaging</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>asuagen</ets>, <ets>aswagen</ets>, OF. <ets>asoagier</ets>, <ets>asuagier</ets>, fr. <ets>assouagier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + suavis</ets> sweet. See <er>Sweet</er>.]</ety> <def>To soften, in a figurative sense; to allay, mitigate, ease, or lessen, as heat, pain, or grief; to appease or pacify, as passion or tumult; to satisfy, as appetite or desire.</def>

<blockquote>Refreshing winds the summer's heat <b>assuage</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>assuage</b> the sorrows of a desolate old man
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The fount at which the panting mind <b>assuages</b>
Her thirst of knowledge.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To alleviate; mitigate; appease; soothe; calm; tranquilize; relieve. See <er>Alleviate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Assuage</h1>
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<hw>As*suage"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To abate or subside.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "The waters <i>assuaged</i>."

<i>Gen. vii. 1.</i>

<blockquote>The plague being come to a crisis, its fury began to <b>assuage</b>.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assuagement</h1>
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<hw>As*suage"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>assouagement</ets>, <ets>asuagement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mitigation; abatement.</def>

<h1>Assuager</h1>
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<hw>As*sua"ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, assuages.</def>

<h1>Assuasive</h1>
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<hw>As*sua"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>assuage</ets>, as if this were fr. a supposed L. <ets>assuadere</ets> to persuade to; or from E. pref. <ets>ad + -suasive</ets> as in per<ets>suasive</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mitigating; tranquilizing; soothing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Music her soft <b>assuasive</b> voice applies.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assubjugate</h1>
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<hw>As*sub"ju*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>subjugate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To bring into subjection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Assuefaction</h1>
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<hw>As`sue*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assuefacere</ets> to accustom to; <ets>assuetus</ets> (p. p. of <ets>assuescere</ets> to accustom to) + <ets>facere</ets> to make; cf. OF. <ets>assuefaction</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of accustoming, or the state of being accustomed; habituation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Custom and studies efform the soul like wax, and by <b>assuefaction</b> introduce a nature.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assuetude</h1>
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<hw>As"sue*tude</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assuetudo</ets>, fr. <ets>assuetus</ets> accustomed.]</ety> <def>Accustomedness; habit; habitual use.</def>

<blockquote><b>Assuetude</b> of things hurtful doth make them lose their force to hurt.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assumable</h1>
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<hw>As*sum"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be assumed.</def>

<h1>Assumably</h1>
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<hw>As*sum"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of assumption.</def>

<h1>Assume</h1>
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<hw>As*sume"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assumed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assuming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>assumere</ets>; <ets>ad + sumere</ets> to take; <ets>sub + emere</ets> to take, buy: cf. F. <ets>assumer</ets>. See <er>Redeem</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take to or upon one's self; to take formally and demonstratively; sometimes, to appropriate or take unjustly.</def>

<blockquote>Trembling they stand while Jove <b>assumes</b> the throne.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The god <b>assumed</b> his native form again.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take for granted, or without proof; to suppose as a fact; to suppose or take arbitrarily or tentatively.</def>

<blockquote>The consequences of <b>assumed</b> principles.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pretend to possess; to take in appearance.</def>

<blockquote>Ambition <b>assuming</b> the mask of religion.
<i>Porteus.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Assume</b> a virtue, if you have it not.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To receive or adopt.</def>

<blockquote>The sixth was a young knight of lesser renown and lower rank, <b>assumed</b> into that honorable company.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To arrogate; usurp; appropriate.</syn>

<h1>Assume</h1>
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<hw>As*sume"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be arrogant or pretentious; to claim more than is due.</def>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To undertake, as by a promise.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Assumed</h1>
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<hw>As*sumed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Supposed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pretended; hypocritical; make-believe; <as>as, an <ex>assumed</ex> character</as>.</def>

<h1>Assumedly</h1>
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<hw>As*sum"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By assumption.</def>

<h1>Assument</h1>
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<hw>As*sum"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assumentum</ets>, fr. <ets>ad + suere</ets> to sew.]</ety> <def>A patch; an addition; a piece put on.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>John Lewis (1731).</i>

<h1>Assumer</h1>
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<hw>As*sum"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who assumes, arrogates, pretends, or supposes.</def>

<i>W. D. Whitney.</i>

<h1>Assuming</h1>
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<hw>As*sum"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pretentious; taking much upon one's self; presumptuous.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Assumpsit</h1>
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<hw>As*sump"sit</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., he undertook, pret. of L. <ets>assumere</ets>. See <er>Assume</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A promise or undertaking, founded on a consideration. This promise may be oral or in writing not under seal. It may be express or implied.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An action to recover damages for a breach or nonperformance of a contract or promise, express or implied, oral or in writing not under seal. Common or <i>indebitatus assumpsit</i> is brought for the most part on an implied promise. Special <i>assumpsit</i> is founded on an express promise or undertaking.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Assumpt</h1>
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<hw>As*sumpt"</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assumptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assumere</ets>. See <er>Assume</er>.]</ety> <def>To take up; to elevate; to assume.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<h1>Assumpt</h1>
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<hw>As*sumpt"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assumptum</ets>, p. p. neut. of <ets>assumere</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which is assumed; an assumption.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The sun of all your <b>assumpts</b> is this.
<i>Chillingworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assumption</h1>
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<hw>As*sump"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>assumpcioun</ets> a taking up into heaven, L. <ets>assumptio</ets> a taking, fr. <ets>assumere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>assomption</ets>. See <er>Assume</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of assuming, or taking to or upon one's self; the act of taking up or adopting.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>assumption</b> of authority.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of taking for granted, or supposing a thing without proof; supposition; unwarrantable claim.</def>

<blockquote>This gives no sanction to the unwarrantable <b>assumption</b> that the soul sleeps from the period of death to the resurrection of the body.
<i>Thodey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That calm <b>assumption</b> of the virtues.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The thing supposed; a postulate, or proposition assumed; a supposition.</def>

<blockquote>Hold! says the Stoic; your <b>assumption's</b> wrong.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The minor or second proposition in a categorical syllogism.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The taking of a person up into heaven.</def> Hence: <fld>(Rom. Cath. & Greek Churches)</fld> <def>A festival in honor of the ascent of the Virgin Mary into heaven.</def>

<h1>Assumptive</h1>
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<hw>As*sump"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assumptivus</ets>, fr. <ets>assumptus</ets>, fr. <ets>assumere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Assumed, or capable of being assumed; characterized by assumption; making unwarranted claims.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As*sump"tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Assumptive arms</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>originally, arms which a person had a right to assume, in consequence of an exploit; now, those assumed without sanction of the Heralds' College.</cd></cs>

<i>Percy Smith.</i>

<h1>Assurance</h1>
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<hw>As*sur"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>assuraunce</ets>, F. <ets>assurance</ets>, fr. <ets>assurer</ets>. See <er>Assure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of assuring; a declaration tending to inspire full confidence; that which is designed to give confidence.</def>

<blockquote>Whereof he hath given <b>assurance</b> unto all men, in that he hath raised him from the dead.
<i>Acts xvii. 31.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Assurances</b> of support came pouring in daily.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being assured; firm persuasion; full confidence or trust; freedom from doubt; certainty.</def>

<blockquote>Let us draw with a true heart in full <b>assurance</b> of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience.
<i>Heb. x. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Firmness of mind; undoubting, steadiness; intrepidity; courage; confidence; self-reliance.</def>

<blockquote>Brave men meet danger with <b>assurance</b>.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Conversation with the world will give them knowledge and <b>assurance</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Excess of boldness; impudence; audacity; <as>as, his <ex>assurance</ex> is intolerable</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Betrothal; affiance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Insurance; a contract for the payment of a sum on occasion of a certain event, as loss or death.</def>

<note>&hand; Recently, <i>assurance</i> has been used, in England, in relation to life contingencies, and <i>insurance</i> in relation to other contingencies. It is called <i>temporary assurance</i>, in the time within which the contingent event must happen is limited. See <er>Insurance</er>.</note>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Any written or other legal evidence of the conveyance of property; a conveyance; a deed.</def>

<note>&hand; In England, the legal evidences of the conveyance of property are called the <i>common assurances</i> of the kingdom.</note>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Assure</h1>
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<hw>As*sure</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Assured</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Assuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>ase\'81rer</ets>, F. <ets>assurer</ets>, LL. <ets>assecurare</ets>; L. <ets>ad + securus</ets> secure, sure, certain. See <er>Secure</er>, <er>Sure</er>, and cf. <er>Insure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make sure or certain; to render confident by a promise, declaration, or other evidence.</def>

<blockquote>His promise that thy seed shall bruise our foe . . .
<b>Assures</b> me that the bitterness of death
Is past, and we shall live.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To declare to, solemnly; to assert to (any one) with the design of inspiring belief or confidence.</def>

<blockquote>I dare <b>assure</b> thee that no enemy
Shall ever take alive the noble Brutus.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To confirm; to make certain or secure.</def>

<blockquote>And it shall be <b>assured</b> to him.
<i>Lev. xxvii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And hereby we know that we are of the truth, and shall <b>assure</b> our hearts before him.
<i>1 John iii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To affiance; to betroth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To insure; to covenant to indemnify for loss, or to pay a specified sum at death. See <er>Insure</er>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To declare; aver; avouch; vouch; assert; asseverate; protest; persuade; convince.</syn>

<h1>Assured</h1>
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<hw>As*sured"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made sure; safe; insured; certain; indubitable; not doubting; bold to excess.</def>

<h1>Assured</h1>
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<hw>As*sured"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose life or property is insured.</def>

<h1>Assuredly</h1>
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<hw>As*sur"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Certainly; indubitably.</def> "The siege <i>assuredly</i> I'll raise."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Assuredness</h1>
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<hw>As*sur"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being assured; certainty; full confidence.</def>

<h1>Assurer</h1>
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<hw>As*sur"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who assures. Specifically: One who insures against loss; an insurer or underwriter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who takes out a life assurance policy.</def>

<h1>Assurgency</h1>
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<hw>As*sur"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of rising.</def>

<blockquote>The . . . <b>assurgency</b> of the spirit through the body.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Assurgent</h1>
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<hw>As*sur"gent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>assurgens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>assurgere</ets>; <ets>ad + surgere</ets> to rise.]</ety> <def>Ascending</def>; <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>rising obliquely; curving upward.</def>

<i> Gray.</i>

<h1>Assuring</h1>
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<hw>As*sur"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That assures; tending to assure; giving confidence.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As*sur"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Asswage</h1>
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<hw>As*swage"</hw>, <tt>v.</tt> <def>See <er>Assuage</er>.</def>

<h1>Assyrian</h1>
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<hw>As*syr"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Assyrius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Assyria, or to its inhabitants. -- <tt>n.</tt> A native or an inhabitant of Assyria; the language of Assyria.</def>

<h1>Assyriological</h1>
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<hw>As*syr`i*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Assyriology; <as>as, <ex>Assyriological</ex> studies</as>.</def>

<h1>Assyriologist</h1>
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<hw>As*syr`i*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in Assyriology; a student of Assyrian arch\'91ology.</def>

<h1>Assyriology</h1>
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<hw>As*syr`i*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Assyria</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science or study of the antiquities, language, etc., of ancient Assyria.</def>

<h1>Assythment</h1>
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<hw>As*syth"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From OF. <ets>aset</ets>, <ets>asez</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>enough</ets>. See <er>Assets</er>.]</ety> <def>Indemnification for injury; satisfaction.</def> <mark>[Chiefly in Scots law]</mark>

<h1>Astacus</h1>
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<hw>As"ta*cus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astacus</ets> a crab, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of crustaceans, containing the crawfish of fresh-water lobster of Europe, and allied species of western North America. See <er>Crawfish</er>.</def>

<h1>Astarboard</h1>
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<hw>A*star"board</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Over to the starboard side; -- said of the tiller.</def>

<h1>Astart</h1>
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<hw>A*start"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Astert</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Astarte</h1>
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<hw>As*tar"te</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a Ph\'d2nician goddess.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of bivalve mollusks, common on the coasts of America and Europe.</def>

<h1>Astate</h1>
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<hw>A*state"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Estate; state.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Astatic</h1>
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<hw>A*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>static</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld> <def>Having little or no tendency to take a fixed or definite position or direction: thus, a suspended magnetic needle, when rendered <i>astatic</i>, loses its polarity, or tendency to point in a given direction.</def>

<cs><col>Astatic pair</col> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld>, <cd>a pair of magnetic needles so mounted as to be nearly or quite astatic, as in some galvanometers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Astatically</h1>
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<hw>A*stat"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an astatic manner.</def>

<h1>Astaticism</h1>
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<hw>A*stat"i*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being astatic.</def>

<h1>Astay</h1>
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<hw>A*stay"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An anchor is said to be <i>astay</i>, in heaving it, an acute angle is formed between the cable and the surface of the water.</def>

<h1>Asteism</h1>
<Xpage=93>

<hw>As"te*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ refined and witty talk, fr. <?/ of the town, polite, witty, fr. <?/ city: cf. F. <ets>ast\'82isme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Genteel irony; a polite and ingenious manner of deriding another.</def>

<h1>Astel</h1>
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<hw>As"tel</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>astelle</ets> piece of wood, OF. <ets>astele</ets> splinter, shaving, F. <ets>attelle</ets>, <ets>astelle</ets>: cf. L. <ets>astula</ets>, dim. of <ets>assis</ets> board.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>An arch, or ceiling, of boards, placed over the men's heads in a mine.</def>

<h1>Aster</h1>
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<hw>As"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aster</ets> aster, star, Gr. <?/ star. See <er>Star</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbs with compound white or bluish flowers; starwort; Michaelmas daisy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Floriculture)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Callistephus</spn>. Many varieties (called <stype>China asters</stype>, <stype>German asters</stype>, etc.) are cultivated for their handsome compound flowers.</def>

<h1>Asterias</h1>
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<hw>As*te"ri*as</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ starred, fr. <?/ star.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of echinoderms.</def>

<note>&hand; Formerly the group of this name included nearly all starfishes and ophiurans. Now it is restricted to a genus including the commonest shore starfishes.</note>

<h1>Asteriated</h1>
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<hw>As*te"ri*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Asterias</er>.]</ety> <def>Radiated, with diverging rays; <as>as, <ex>asteriated</ex> sapphire</as>.</def>

<h1>Asteridian</h1>
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<hw>As`ter*id"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Asterioidea.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A starfish; one of the Asterioidea.</def></def2>

<h1>Asterioidea, Asteridea</h1>
<Xpage=93>

<hw><hw>As*te`ri*oid"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As`ter*id"e*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <ets>-oid</ets>. See <er>Asterias</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of Echinodermata including the true starfishes. The rays vary in number and always have ambulacral grooves below. The body is starshaped or pentagonal.</def>

<h1>Asterion</h1>
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<hw>As*te"ri*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ starry.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The point on the side of the skull where the lambdoid, parieto-mastoid and occipito-mastoid sutures.</def>

<h1>Asteriscus</h1>
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<hw>As`ter*is"cus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., an asterisk. See <er>Asterisk</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The smaller of the two otoliths found in the inner ear of many fishes.</def>

<h1>Asterisk</h1>
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<hw>As"ter*isk</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asteriscus</ets>, Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/ star. See <er>Aster</er>.]</ety> <def>The figure of a star, thus, <?/, used in printing and writing as a reference to a passage or note in the margin, to supply the omission of letters or words, or to mark a word or phrase as having a special character.</def>

<h1>Asterism</h1>
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<hw>As`ter*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ star; cf. F. <ets>ast\'82risme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A constellation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small cluster of stars.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An asterisk, or mark of reference.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Three asterisks placed in this manner, &asterism;, to direct attention to a particular passage.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>An optical property of some crystals which exhibit a star-shaped by reflected light, as star sapphire, or by transmitted light, as some mica.</def>

<h1>Astern</h1>
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<hw>A*stern"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>stern</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In or at the hinder part of a ship; toward the hinder part, or stern; backward; <as>as, to go <ex>astern</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Behind a ship; in the rear.</def>   "A gale of wind right <i>astern</i>." <i>De Foe</i>. "Left this strait <i>astern</i>." <i>Drake</i>.

<cs><col>To bake astern</col>, <cd>to go stern foremost.</cd> -- <col>To be astern of the reckoning</col>, <col>to be behind the position given by the reckoning</col>.</cd> -- <col>To drop astern</col>, <cd>to fall or be left behind.</cd> -- <col>To go astern</col>, <cd>to go backward, as from the action of currents or winds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Asternal</h1>
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<hw>A*ster"nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>sternal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Not sternal; -- said of ribs which do not join the sternum.</def>

<h1>Asteroid</h1>
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<hw>As"ter*oid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ starlike, starry; <?/ star + <?/ form: cf. F. <ets>ast\'82ro\'8bde</ets>. See <er>Aster</er>.]</ety> <def>A starlike body; esp. one of the numerous small planets whose orbits lie between those of Mars and Jupiter; -- called also <altname>planetoids</altname> and <altname>minor planets</altname>.</def>

<h1>Asteroidal</h1>
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<hw>As`ter*oid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an asteroid, or to the asteroids.</def>

<h1>Asterolepis</h1>
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<hw>As`te*rol"e*pis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ star + <?/ scale.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of fishes, some of which were eighteen or twenty feet long, found in a fossil state in the Old Red Sandstone.</def>

<i>Hugh Miller.</i>

<-- p. 94  -->

<h1>Asterophyllite</h1>
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<hw>As`ter*oph"yl*lite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ star + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil plant from the coal formations of Europe and America, now regarded as the branchlets and foliage of calamites.</def>

<h1>Astert</h1>
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<hw>A*stert</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>start</ets>; OE. <ets>asterten</ets>, <ets>asturten</ets>.]</ety> <def>To start up; to befall; to escape; to shun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Astert</h1>
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<hw>A*stert"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To escape.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Asthenia, Astheny</h1>
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<hw><hw>As`the*ni"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As"the*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>asthenia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ strength.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Want or loss of strength; debility; diminution of the vital forces.</def>

<h1>Asthenic</h1>
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<hw>As*then"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ strength.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Characterized by, or pertaining to, debility; weak; debilitating.</def>

<h1>Asthenopia</h1>
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<hw>As`the*no"pi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ strength + <?/ eye.]</ety> <def>Weakness of sight.</def>  <i>Quain</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>As`the*nop"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Asthma</h1>
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<hw>Asth"ma</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ short-drawn breath, fr. <?/ to blow, for <?/: cf. Skr. <ets>v\'be</ets>, Goth. <ets>waian</ets>, to blow, E. <ets>wind</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease, characterized by difficulty of breathing (due to a spasmodic contraction of the bronchi), recurring at intervals, accompanied with a wheezing sound, a sense of constriction in the chest, a cough, and expectoration.</def>

<h1>Asthmatic, Asthmatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Asth*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Asth*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>asthmaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to asthma; <as>as, an <ex>asthmatic</ex> cough</as>; liable to, or suffering from, asthma; <as>as, an <ex>asthmatic</ex> patient</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Asth*mat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Asthmatic</h1>
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<hw>Asth*mat"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person affected with asthma.</def>

<h1>Astigmatic</h1>
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<hw>As`tig*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med. & Opt.)</fld> <def>Affected with, or pertaining to, astigmatism; <as>as, <ex>astigmatic</ex> eyes</as>; also, remedying astigmatism; <as>as, <ex>astigmatic</ex> lenses</as>.</def>

<h1>Astigmatism</h1>
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<hw>A*stig"ma*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, a prick of a pointed instrument, a spot, fr. <?/ to prick: cf. F. <ets>astigmatisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med. & Opt.)</fld> <def>A defect of the eye or of a lens, in consequence of which the rays derived from one point are not brought to a single focal point, thus causing imperfect images or indistictness of vision.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is applied especially to the defect causing images of lines having a certain direction to be indistinct, or imperfectly seen, while those of lines transverse to the former are distinct, or clearly seen.</note>

<h1>Astipulate</h1>
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<hw>As*tip"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astipulari</ets>; <ets>ad + stipulari</ets> to stipulate.]</ety> <def>To assent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Astipulation</h1>
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<hw>As*tip`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astipulatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Stipulation; agreement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Astir</h1>
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<hw>A*stir"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>stir</ets>.]</ety> <def>Stirring; in a state of activity or motion; out of bed.</def>

<h1>Astomatous, Astomous</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*stom"a*tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As"to*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, mouth.]</ety> <def>Not possessing a mouth.</def>

<h1>Aston, Astone</h1>
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<hw><hw>As*ton"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As*tone"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Astoned</er>, <er>Astond</er>, or <er>Astound</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Astonish</er>.]</ety> <def>To stun; to astonish; to stupefy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Astonied</h1>
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<hw>As*ton"ied</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Stunned; astonished. See <er>Astony</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>And I <b>astonied</b> fell and could not pray.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Astonish</h1>
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<hw>As*ton"ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Astonished</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Astonishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>astonien</ets>, <ets>astunian</ets>, <ets>astonen</ets>, OF. <ets>estoner</ets>, F. <ets>\'82tonner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>tonare</ets> to thunder, but perhaps influenced by E. <ets>stun</ets>. See <er>Thunder</er>, <er>Astound</er>, <er>Astony</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stun; to render senseless, as by a blow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Enough, captain; you have <b>astonished</b> him. [Fluellen had struck Pistol].
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The very cramp-fish [<it>i. e.</it>, torpedo] . . . being herself not benumbed, is able to <b>astonish</b> others.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strike with sudden fear, terror, or wonder; to amaze; to surprise greatly, as with something unaccountable; to confound with some sudden emotion or passion.</def>

<blockquote>Musidorus . . . had his wits <b>astonished</b> with sorrow.
<i>Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I, Daniel . . . was <b>astonished</b> at the vision.
<i>Dan. viii. 27.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To amaze; astound; overwhelm; surprise.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Astonished</er>, <er>Surprised</er>. We are <tt>surprised </tt></wordforms>at what is unexpected. We are <i>astonished</i> at what is above or beyond our comprehension. We are <i>taken</i> by surprise. We are <i>struck</i> with astonishment. <i>C. J. Smith</i>. See <er>Amaze</er>.</usage>

<h1>Astonishedly</h1>
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<hw>As*ton"ish*ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an astonished manner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Astonishing</h1>
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<hw>As*ton"ish*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Very wonderful; of a nature to excite astonishment; <as>as, an <ex>astonishing</ex> event</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Amazing; surprising; wonderful; marvelous.</syn>

<wordforms><wf>As*ton"ish*ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>As*ton"ish*ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt>

<h1>Astonishment</h1>
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<hw>As*ton"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>est<?/nnement</ets>, F. <ets>\'82tonnement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of one who is stunned. Hence: Numbness; loss of sensation; stupor; loss of sense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A coldness and <b>astonishment</b> in his loins, as folk say.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dismay; consternation.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The overpowering emotion excited when something unaccountable, wonderful, or dreadful is presented to the mind; an intense degree of surprise; amazement.</def>

<blockquote>Lest the place
And my quaint habits breed <b>astonishment</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The object causing such an emotion.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt become an <b>astonishment</b>.
<i>Deut. xxviii. 37.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Amazement; wonder; surprise.</syn>

<h1>Astony</h1>
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<hw>As*ton"y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Astonied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Astonying</er>. See <er>Astone</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To stun; to bewilder; to astonish; to dismay.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The captain of the Helots . . . strake Palladius upon the side of his head, that he reeled <b>astonied</b>.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This sodeyn cas this man <b>astonied</b> so,
That reed he wex, abayst, and al quaking.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Astoop</h1>
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<hw>A*stoop"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>stoop</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a stooping or inclined position.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Astound</h1>
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<hw>As*tound"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>astouned</ets>, <ets>astound</ets>, <ets>astoned</ets>, p. p. of <ets>astone</ets>. See <er>Astone</er>.]</ety> <def>Stunned; astounded; astonished.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Thus Ellen, dizzy and <b>astound</b>.
As sudden ruin yawned around.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Astound</h1>
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<hw>As*tound"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Astounded</er>, <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <er>Astound</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Astounding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Astound</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stun; to stupefy.</def>

<blockquote>No puissant stroke his senses once <b>astound</b>.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To astonish; to strike with amazement; to confound with wonder, surprise, or fear.</def>

<blockquote>These thoughts may startle well, but not <b>astound</b>
The virtuous mind.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Astounding</h1>
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<hw>As*tound"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a nature to astound; astonishing; amazing; <as>as, an <ex>astounding</ex> force, statement, or fact</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As*tound"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Astoundment</h1>
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<hw>As*tound"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Amazement.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Astrachan</h1>
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<hw>As`tra*chan"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Astrakhan</er>.</def>

<h1>Astraddle</h1>
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<hw>A*strad"dle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>straddle</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a straddling position; astride; bestriding; <as>as, to sit <ex>astraddle</ex> a horse</as>.</def>

<h1>Astr\'91an</h1>
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<hw>As*tr\'91"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ starry.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the genus <spn>Astr\'91a</spn> or the family <spn>Astr\'91id\'91</spn>.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A coral of the family <spn>Astr\'91id\'91</spn>; a star coral.</def></def2>

<h1>Astragal</h1>
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<hw>As"tra*gal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astragalus</ets>, Gr. <?/ the ankle bone, a molding in the capital of the Ionic column.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A convex molding of rounded surface, generally from half to three quarters of a circle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A round molding encircling a cannon near the mouth.</def>

<h1>Astragalar</h1>
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<hw>As*trag"a*lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the astragalus.</def>

<h1>Astragaloid</h1>
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<hw>As*trag"a*loid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astragalus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Resembling the astragalus in form.</def>

<h1>Astragalomancy</h1>
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<hw>As*trag"a*lo*man`cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ankle bone, die + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of small bones or dice.</def>

<h1>Astragalus</h1>
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<hw>As*trag"a*lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Astragal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The ankle bone, or hock bone; the bone of the tarsus which articulates with the tibia at the ankle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of papilionaceous plants, of the tribe <spn>Galege\'91</spn>, containing numerous species, two of which are called, in English, <i>milk vetch</i> and <i>licorice vetch</i>. Gum tragacanth is obtained from different oriental species, particularly the <spn>A. gummifer</spn> and <spn>A. verus</spn>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Astragal</er>, <er>1</er>.</def>

<h1>Astrakhan</h1>
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<hw>As`tra*khan"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Astrakhan in Russia or its products; made of an Astrakhan skin.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> The skin of stillborn or young lambs of that region, the curled wool of which resembles fur.</def></def2>

<h1>Astral</h1>
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<hw>As"tral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astralis</ets>, fr. <ets>astrum</ets> star, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>astral</ets>. See <er>Star</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, coming from, or resembling, the stars; starry; starlike.</def>

<blockquote>Shines only with an <b>astral</b> luster.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some <b>astral</b> forms I must invoke by prayer.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Astral lamp</col>, <cd>an Argand lamp so constructed that no shadow is cast upon the table by the flattened ring-shaped reservoir in which the oil is contained.</cd> -- <col>Astral spirits</col>, <cd>spirits formerly supposed to live in the heavenly bodies or the a\'89rial regions, and represented in the Middle Ages as fallen angels, spirits of the dead, or spirits originating in fire.</cd></cs>

<h1>Astrand</h1>
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<hw>A*strand"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>strand</ets>.]</ety> <def>Stranded.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Astray</h1>
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<hw>A*stray"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Estray</er>, <er>Stray</er>.]</ety> <def>Out of the right, either in a literal or in a figurative sense; wandering; <as>as, to lead one <ex>astray</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Ye were as sheep going <b>astray</b>.
<i>1 Pet. ii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Astrict</h1>
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<hw>As*trict"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Astricted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Astricting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>astrictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>astringere</ets>. See <er>Astringe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bind up; to confine; to constrict; to contract.</def>

<blockquote>The solid parts were to be relaxed or <b>astricted</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bind; to constrain; to restrict; to limit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The mind is <b>astricted</b> to certain necessary modes or forms of thought.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>To restrict the tenure of; <as>as, to <ex>astrict</ex> lands</as>. See <er>Astriction</er>, <er>4</er>.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Astrict</h1>
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<hw>As*trict"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Concise; contracted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Weever.</i>

<h1>Astriction</h1>
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<hw>As*tric"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astrictio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of binding; restriction; also, obligation.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A contraction of parts by applications; the action of an astringent substance on the animal economy.</def> <i>Dunglison</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Constipation.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Astringency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>An obligation to have the grain growing on certain lands ground at a certain mill, the owner paying a toll.</def>

<i>Bell.</i>

<note>&hand; The lands were said to be <i>astricted</i> to the mill.</note>

<h1>Astrictive</h1>
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<hw>As*tric"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Binding; astringent.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An astringent.</def></def2> -- <wordforms><wf>As*tric"tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Astrictory</h1>
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<hw>As*tric"to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Astrictive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Astride</h1>
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<hw>A*stride"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>stride</ets>.]</ety> <def>With one leg on each side, as a man when on horseback; with the legs stretched wide apart; astraddle.</def>

<blockquote>Placed <b>astride</b> upon the bars of the palisade.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Glasses with horn bows sat <b>astride</b> on his nose.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Astriferous</h1>
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<hw>As*trif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astrifer</ets>; <ets>astrum</ets> star + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Bearing stars.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Astringe</h1>
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<hw>As*tringe"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Astringed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Astringing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>astringere</ets>; <ets>ad + stringere</ets> to draw tight. Cf. <er>Astrict</er>, and see <er>Strain</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bind fast; to constrict; to contract; to cause parts to draw together; to compress.</def>

<blockquote>Which contraction . . . <b>astringeth</b> the moistu<?/<?/ <?/ br<?/<?/ and thereby sendeth tears into the eyes.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bind by moral or legal obligation.</def>

<i>Wolsey.</i>

<h1>Astringency</h1>
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<hw>As*trin"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being astringent; the power of contracting the parts of the body; that quality in medicines or other substances which causes contraction of the organic textures; <as>as, the <ex>astringency</ex> of tannin</as>.</def>

<h1>Astringent</h1>
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<hw>As*trin"gent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astringens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>astringere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>astringent</ets>. See <er>Astringe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Drawing together the tissues; binding; contracting; -- opposed to <i>laxative</i>; <as>as, <ex>astringent</ex> medicines; a butter and <ex>astringent</ex> taste; <ex>astringent</ex> fruit.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Stern; austere; <as>as, an <ex>astringent</ex> type of virtue</as>.</def>

<h1>Astringent</h1>
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<hw>As*trin"gent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine or other substance that produces contraction in the soft organic textures, and checks discharges of blood, mucus, etc.</def>

<blockquote>External <b>astringents</b> are called styptics.
<i>Dunglison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Astringently</h1>
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<hw>As*trin"gent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an astringent manner.</def>

<h1>Astringer</h1>
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<hw>As*trin"ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ostreger</ets>, OF. <ets>ostrucier</ets>, F. <ets>autoursier</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>austour</ets>, <ets>ostor</ets>, hawk, F. <ets>autour</ets>; cf. L. <ets>acceptor</ets>, for <ets>accipiter</ets>, hawk.]</ety> <def>A falconer who keeps a goschawk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak.</i> <i>Cowell</i>. <altsp>[Written also <asp>austringer</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Astro-</h1>
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<hw>As"tro-</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>The combining form of the Greek word <grk>'a`stron</grk>, meaning <i>star</i>.</def>

<h1>Astrofel, Astrofell</h1>
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<hw><hw>As"tro*fel</hw>, <hw>As"tro*fell</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bitter herb, probably the same as aster, or starwort.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Astrogeny</h1>
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<hw>As*trog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ birth.]</ety> <def>The creation or evolution of the stars or the heavens.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Astrognosy</h1>
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<hw>As*trog"no*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ knowledge.]</ety> <def>The science or knowledge of the stars, esp. the fixed stars.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Astrogony</h1>
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<hw>As*trog"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Astrogeny</er>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As`*tro*gon"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Astrography</h1>
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<hw>As*trog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro'cf</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of describing or delineating the stars; a description or mapping of the heavens.</def>

<h1>Astroite</h1>
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<hw>As"tro*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astroites</ets>: cf. F. <ets>astroite</ets>.]</ety> <def>A radiated stone or fossil; star-stone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>astrite</asp> and <asp>astrion</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Astrolabe</h1>
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<hw>As"tro*labe</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>astrolabie</ets>, <ets>astrilabe</ets>, OF. <ets>astrelabe</ets>, F. <ets>astrolabe</ets>, LL. <ets>astrolabium</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ star + <?/, <?/, to take.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An instrument for observing or showing the positions of the stars. It is now disused.</def>

<note>&hand; Among the ancients, it was essentially the armillary sphere. A graduated circle with sights, for taking altitudes at sea, was called an astrolabe in the 18th century. It is now superseded by the quadrant and sextant.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stereographic projection of the sphere on the plane of a great circle, as the equator, or a meridian; a planisphere.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Astrolater</h1>
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<hw>As*trol"a*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A worshiper of the stars.</def>

<i>Morley.</i>

<h1>Astrolatry</h1>
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<hw>As*trol"a*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ service, worship: cf. F. <ets>astrol\'83trie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The worship of the stars.</def>

<h1>Astrolithology</h1>
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<hw>As`tro*li*thol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + <ets>lithology</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of a\'89rolites.</def>

<h1>Astrologer</h1>
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<hw>As*trol"o*ger</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Astrology</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who studies the stars; an astronomer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who practices astrology; one who professes to foretell events by the aspects and situation of the stars.</def>

<h1>Astrologian</h1>
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<hw>As`tro*lo"gi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>astrologien</ets>.]</ety> <def>An astrologer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Astrologic, Astrological</h1>
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<hw><hw>As`tro*log"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As`tro*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to astrology; professing or practicing astrology.</def>   "<i>Astrologi<?/</i> learning." <i>Hudibras</i>. "<i>Astrological</i> prognostication." <i>Cudworth</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>As`tro*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Astrologize</h1>
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<hw>As*trol"o*gize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To apply astrology to; to study or practice astrology.</def>

<h1>Astrology</h1>
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<hw>As*trol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>astrologie</ets>, L. <ets>astrologia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ astronomer, astrologer; <?/ star + <?/ discourse, <?/ to speak. See <er>Star</er>.]</ety> <def>In its etymological signification, the science of the stars; among the ancients, synonymous with <i>astronomy</i>; subsequently, the art of judging of the influences of the stars upon human affairs, and of foretelling events by their position and aspects.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Astrology</i> was much in vogue during the Middle Ages, and became the parent of modern astronomy, as alchemy did of chemistry. It was divided into two kinds: <i>judicial astrology</i>, which assumed to foretell the fate and acts of nations and individuals, and <i>natural astrology</i>, which undertook to predict events of inanimate nature, such as changes of the weather, etc.</note>

<h1>Astromantic</h1>
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<hw>As`tro*man"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ astrology.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to divination by means of the stars; astrologic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Astrometeorology</h1>
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<hw>As`tro*me`te*or*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + <ets>meteorology</ets>.]</ety> <def>The investigation of the relation between the sun, moon, and stars, and the weather.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As`*tro*me`te*or`o*log"ic*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> -- <wf>As`tro*me`te*or*ol"o*gist</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Astrometer</h1>
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<hw>As*trom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + <ets>meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for comparing the relative amount of the light of stars.</def>

<h1>Astrometry</h1>
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<hw>As*trom"e*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + <ets>metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of making measurements among the stars, or of determining their relative magnitudes.</def>

<h1>Astronomer</h1>
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<hw>As*tron"o*mer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Astronomy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An astrologer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is versed in astronomy; one who has a knowledge of the laws of the heavenly orbs, or the principles by which their motions are regulated, with their various phenomena.</def>

<blockquote>An undevout <b>astronomer</b> is mad.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Astronomian</h1>
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<hw>As`tro*no"mi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. & OF. <ets>astronomien</ets>. See <er>Astronomy</er>.]</ety> <def>An astrologer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Astronomic</h1>
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<hw>As`tro*nom"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Astronomical.</def>

<-- p. 95  -->

<h1>Astronomical</h1>
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<hw>As`tro*nom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astronomicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>astronomique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to astronomy; in accordance with the methods or principles of astronomy.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As`tro*nom"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Astronomical clock</col>. <cd>See under <er>Clock</er>.</cd> --  <col>Astronomical day</col>. <cd>See under <er>Day</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Astronomical fractions</col>, <col>Astronomical numbers</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Sexagesimal</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Astronomize</h1>
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<hw>As*tron"o*mize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To study or to talk astronomy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>They <b>astronomized</b> in caves.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Astronomy</h1>
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<hw>As*tron"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>astronomie</ets>, F. <ets>astronomie</ets>, L. <ets>astronomia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ astronomer; <?/ star + <?/ to distribute, regulate. See <er>Star</er>, and <er>Nomad</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Astrology.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Not from the stars do I my judgment pluck;
And yet methinks I have <b>astronomy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The science which treats of the celestial bodies, of their magnitudes, motions, distances, periods of revolution, eclipses, constitution, physical condition, and of the causes of their various phenomena.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A treatise on, or text-book of, the science.</def>

<cs><col>Physical astronomy</col>. <cd>See under <er>Physical</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Astrophel</h1>
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<hw>As"tro*phel</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Astrofel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Astrophotography</h1>
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<hw>As`tro*pho*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-<ets>  + <ets>photography</ets>.]</ety> <def>The application of photography to the delineation of the sun, moon, and stars.</def>

<h1>Astrophysical</h1>
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<hw>As`tro*phys"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the physics of astronomical science.</def>

<h1>Astrophyton</h1>
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<hw>As*troph"y*ton</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + Gr. <grk>fyton</grk> a plant.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of ophiurans having the arms much branched.</def>

<h1>Astroscope</h1>
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<hw>As"tro*scope</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + <ets>scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An old astronomical instrument, formed of two cones, on whose surface the constellations were delineated.</def>

<h1>Astroscopy</h1>
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<hw>As*tros"co*py</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Observation of the stars.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Astrotheology</h1>
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<hw>As`tro*the*ol"*o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + <ets>theology</ets>.]</ety> <def>Theology founded on observation or knowledge of the celestial bodies.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Astructive</h1>
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<hw>A*struc"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astructus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>astruere</ets> to build up; <ets>ad + struere</ets> to build.]</ety> <def>Building up; constructive; -- opposed to <i>destructive</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Astrut</h1>
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<hw>A*strut"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sticking out, or puffed out; swelling; in a swelling manner.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Inflated and <b>astrut</b> with self-conceit.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a strutting manner; with a strutting gait.</def>

<h1>Astucious</h1>
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<hw>As*tu"cious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>astucieux</ets>. See <er>Astute</er>.]</ety> <def>Subtle; cunning; astute.</def>  <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Sir W. Scott</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>As*tu"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Astucity</h1>
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<hw>As*tu"ci*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Astucious</er>.]</ety> <def>Craftiness; astuteness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Astun</h1>
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<hw>A*stun"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Astony</er>, <er>Stun</er>.]</ety> <def>To stun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Breathless and <i>astunned</i>."

<i>Somerville.</i>

<h1>Asturian</h1>
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<hw>As*tu"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Asturias in Spain.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native of Asturias.</def></def2>

<h1>Astute</h1>
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<hw>As*tute"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>astutus</ets>, fr. <ets>astus</ets> craft, cunning; perh. cognate with E. <ets>acute</ets>.]</ety> <def>Critically discerning; sagacious; shrewd; subtle; crafty.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Keen; eagle-eyed; penetrating; skilled; discriminating; cunning; sagacious; subtle; wily; crafty.</syn>

<wordforms><wf>As*tute"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>As*tute"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Astylar</h1>
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<hw>A*sty"lar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ pillar.]</ety> <fld>(arch.)</fld> <def>Without columns or pilasters.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Astyllen</h1>
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<hw>A*styl"len</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A small dam to prevent free passage of water in an adit or level.</def>

<h1>Asunder</h1>
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<hw>A*sun"der</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>sunder</ets>.]</ety> <def>Apart; separate from each other; into parts; in two; separately; into or in different pieces or places.</def>

<blockquote>I took my staff, even Beauty, and cut it <b>asunder</b>.
<i>Zech. xi. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As wide <b>asunder</b> as pole and pole.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Asura</h1>
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<hw>A*su"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Hind. Myth.)</fld> <def>An enemy of the gods, esp. one of a race of demons and giants.</def>

<h1>Aswail</h1>
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<hw>As"wail</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sloth bear (<spn>Melursus labiatus</spn>) of India.</def>

<h1>Asweve</h1>
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<hw>A*sweve"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>aswebban</ets>; <ets>a + swebban</ets>. See <er>Sweven</er>.]</ety> <def>To stupefy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aswing</h1>
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<hw>A*swing"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a state of swinging.</def>

<h1>Aswoon</h1>
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<hw>A*swoon"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a swoon.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aswooned</h1>
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<hw>A*swooned"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a swoon.</def>

<h1>Asylum</h1>
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<hw>A*sy"lum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Asylums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Asyla</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>asylum</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ exempt from spoliation, inviolable; <?/ priv. + <?/ right of seizure.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sanctuary or place of refuge and protection, where criminals and debtors found shelter, and from which they could not be forcibly taken without sacrilege.</def>

<blockquote>So sacred was the church to some, that it had the right of an <b>asylum</b> or sanctuary.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The name was anciently given to temples, altars, statues of the gods, and the like. In later times Christian churches were regarded as asylums in the same sense.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any place of retreat and security.</def>

<blockquote>Earth has no other <b>asylum</b> for them than its own cold bosom.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An institution for the protection or relief of some class of destitute, unfortunate, or afflicted persons; <as>as, an <ex>asylum</ex> for the aged, for the blind, or for the insane; a lunatic <ex>asylum</ex>; an orphan <ex>asylum</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Asymmetral</h1>
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<hw>A*sym"me*tral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incommensurable; also, unsymmetrical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>D. H. More.</i>

<h1>Asymmetric, Asymmetrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>As`ym*met"ric</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>As`ym*met"ri*cal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Asymmetrous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Incommensurable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not symmetrical; wanting proportion; esp., not bilaterally symmetrical.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Asymmetrous</h1>
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<hw>A*sym"me*trous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Asymmetrical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Asymmetry</h1>
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<hw>A*sym"me*try</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ symmetry.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of symmetry, or proportion between the parts of a thing, esp. want of bilateral symmetry.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Incommensurability.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Asymptote</h1>
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<hw>As"ymp*tote</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ not falling together; <?/ priv. + <?/ to fall together; <?/ with + <?/ to fall. Cf. <er>Symptom</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A line which approaches nearer to some curve than assignable distance, but, though infinitely extended, would never meet it. Asymptotes may be straight lines or curves. A rectilinear asymptote may be conceived as a tangent to the curve at an infinite distance.</def>

<h1>Asynartete</h1>
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<hw>A*syn"ar*tete`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ not united, disconnected; <?/ priv. + <?/ with + <?/ to fasten to.]</ety> <def>Disconnected; not fitted or adjusted.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*syn"ar*tet"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Asynartete verse</col> <fld>(Pros.)</fld>, <cd>a verse of two members, having different rhythms; as when the first consists of iambuses and the second of trochees.</cd></cs>

<h1>Asyndetic</h1>
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<hw>As`yn*det"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Asyndeton</er>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by the use of asyndeton; not connected by conjunctions.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As`yn*det"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Asyndeton</h1>
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<hw>A*syn"de*ton</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ unconnected; <?/ priv. + <?/ bound together, fr. <?/; <?/ with + <?/ to bind.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure which omits the connective; <as>as, <ex>I came, I saw, I conquered</ex></as>. It stands opposed to <i>polysyndeton</i>.</def>

<h1>Asystole</h1>
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<hw>A*sys"to*le</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>systole</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A weakening or cessation of the contractile power of the heart.</def>

<h1>Asystolism</h1>
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<hw>A*sys"to*lism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or symptoms characteristic of asystole.</def>

<h1>At</h1>
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<hw>At</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'91t</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>az</ets>, Goth., OS., & Icel. <ets>at</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'86t</ets>, Dan. & L. <ets>ad</ets>.]</ety> <def>Primarily, this word expresses the relations of <i>presence</i>, <i>nearness in place or time</i>, or <i>direction toward</i>; <as>as, <ex>at</ex> the ninth hour; <ex>at</ex> the house; to aim <ex>at</ex> a mark. It is less definite than <it>in</it> or <it>on</it>; <ex>at</ex> the house may be <it>in</it> or <it>near</it> the house. From this original import are derived all the various uses of <ex>at</ex>.</def>  It expresses: -

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A relation of proximity to, or of presence in or on, something; <as>as, <ex>at</ex> the door; <ex>at</ex> your shop; <ex>at</ex> home; <ex>at</ex> school; <ex>at</ex> hand; <ex>at</ex> sea and on land.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The relation of some state or condition; <as>as, <ex>at</ex> war; <ex>at</ex> peace; <ex>at</ex> ease; <ex>at</ex> your service; <ex>at</ex> fault; <ex>at</ex> liberty; <ex>at</ex> risk; <ex>at</ex> disadvantage.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The relation of some employment or action; occupied with; <as>as, <ex>at</ex> engraving; <ex>at</ex> husbandry; <ex>at</ex> play; <ex>at</ex> work; <ex>at</ex> meat (eating); except <ex>at</ex> puns.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The relation of a point or position in a series, or of degree, rate, or value; <as>as, with the thermometer <ex>at</ex> 80&deg;; goods sold <ex>at</ex> a cheap price; a country estimated <ex>at</ex> 10,000 square miles; life is short <ex>at</ex> the longest.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The relations of time, age, or order; <as>as, <ex>at</ex> ten o'clock; <ex>at</ex> twenty-one; <ex>at</ex> once; <ex>at</ex> first.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The relations of source, occasion, reason, consequence, or effect; <as>as, <ex>at</ex> the sight; <ex>at</ex> this news; merry <ex>at</ex> anything; <ex>at</ex> this declaration; <ex>at</ex> his command; to demand, require, receive, deserve, endure <ex>at</ex> your hands.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Relation of direction toward an object or end; <as>as, look <ex>at</ex> it; to point <ex>at</ex> one; to aim <ex>at</ex> a mark; to throw, strike, shoot, wink, mock, laugh <ex>at</ex> any one.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>At all</col>, <col>At home</col>, <col>At large</col>, <col>At last</col>, <col>At length</col>, <col>At once</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>All</er>, <er>Home</er>, <er>Large</er>, <er>Last</er> (phrase and syn.), <er>Length</er>, <er>Once</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>At it</col>, <cd>busily or actively engaged.</cd> -- <col>At least</col>. <cd>See <er>Least</er> and <er>However</er>.</cd> -- <col>At one</col>. <cd>See <er>At one</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>In</er>, <er>At</er>.</syn> <usage> When reference to the <i>interior</i> of any place is made prominent <i>in</i> is used. It is used before the names of countries and cities (esp. large cities); as, we live <i>in</i> America, <i>in</i> New York, <i>in</i> the South. <i>At</i> is commonly employed before names of houses, institutions, villages, and small places; as, Milton was educated <i>at</i> Christ's College; money taken in <i>at</i> the Customhouse; I saw him <i>at</i> the jeweler's; we live <i>at</i> Beachville. <i>At</i> may be used before the name of a city when it is regarded as a mere point of locality. "An English king was crowned <i>at</i> Paris." <i>Macaulay</i>. "Jean Jacques Rousseau was born <i>at</i> Geneva, June, 28, 1712." <i>J. Morley</i>. In regard to time, we say <i>at</i> the hour, <i>on</i> the day, <i>in</i> the year; as, <i>at</i> 9 o'clock, <i>on</i> the morning of July 5th, <i>in</i> the year 1775.</usage>

<h1>Atabal</h1>
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<hw>At"a*bal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>atabal</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>at</ets>-<ets>tabl</ets> the drum, <ets>tabala</ets> to beat the drum. Cf. <er>Tymbal</er>.]</ety> <def>A kettledrum; a kind of tabor, used by the Moors.</def> <i>Croly</i>.

<h1>Atacamite</h1>
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<hw>A*tac"a*mite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the desert of <ets>Atacama</ets>, where found.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An oxychloride of copper, usually in emerald-green prismatic crystals.</def>

<h1>Atafter</h1>
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<hw>At`aft"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>After.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ataghan</h1>
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<hw>At"a*ghan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Yataghan</er>.</def>

<h1>Atake</h1>
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<hw>A*take"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To overtake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ataman</h1>
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<hw>At"a*man</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>ataman'</ets>: cf. Pol. <ets>hetman</ets>, G. <ets>hauptmann</ets> headman, chieftain. Cf. <er>Hetman</er>.]</ety> <def>A hetman, or chief of the Cossacks.</def>

<h1>Ataraxia, Ataraxy</h1>
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<hw><hw>At`a*rax"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>At"a*rax`y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>ataraxia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ disturbed, <?/ to disturb.]</ety> <def>Perfect peace of mind, or calmness.</def>

<h1>Ataunt, Ataunto</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*taunt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*taunt"o</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>autant</ets> as much (as possible).]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Fully rigged, as a vessel; with all sails set; set on end or set right.</def>

<h1>Atavic</h1>
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<hw>A*tav"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>atavique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a remote ancestor, or to atavism.</def>

<h1>Atavism</h1>
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<hw>At"a*vism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>atavus</ets> an ancestor, fr. <ets>avus</ets> a grandfather.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The recurrence, or a tendency to a recurrence, of the original type of a species in the progeny of its varieties; resemblance to remote rather than to near ancestors; reversion to the original form.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The recurrence of any peculiarity or disease of an ancestor in a subsequent generation, after an intermission for a generation or two.</def>

<blockquote>Now and then there occur cases of what physiologists call <b>atavism</b>, or reversion to an ancestral type of character.
<i>J. Fiske</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ataxia, Ataxy</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*tax"i*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>At"ax*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>ataxia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ out of order; <?/ priv. + <?/ ordered, arranged, <?/ to put in order: cf. F. <ets>ataxie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Disorder; irregularity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Irregularity in disease, or in the functions.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The state of disorder that characterizes nervous fevers and the nervous condition.</def>

<cs><col>Locomotor ataxia</col>. <cd>See <er>Locomotor</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ataxic</h1>
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<hw>A*tax"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ataxique</ets>. See <er>Ataxia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Characterized by ataxy, that is, <sd>(a)</sd> by great irregularity of functions or symptoms, or <sd>(b)</sd> by a want of coordinating power in movements.</def>

<cs><col>Ataxic fever</col>, <cd>malignant typhus fever.</cd></cs>

<i>Pinel.</i>

<h1>Atazir</h1>
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<hw>At`a*zir"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF., fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>tas\'c6r</ets> influence.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The influence of a star upon other stars or upon men.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ate</h1>
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<hw>Ate</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <def>the preterit of <er>Eat</er>.</def>

<h1>Ate</h1>
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<hw>A"te</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Greek. Myth.)</fld> <def>The goddess of mischievous folly; also, in later poets, the goddess of vengeance.</def>

<h1>-ate</h1>
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<hw>-ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[From the L. suffix -<ets>atus</ets>, the past participle ending of verbs of the 1st conj.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>As an ending of participles or participial adjectives it is equivalent to -<i>ed</i>; <as>as, situ<ex>ate</ex> or situated; anim<ex>ate</ex> or animated.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>As the ending of a verb, it means <i>to make</i>, <i>to cause</i>, <i>to act</i>, etc.; <as>as, to propiti<ex>ate</ex> (to make propitious); to anim<ex>ate</ex> (to give life to).</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>As a noun suffix, it marks the agent; <as>as, cur<ex>ate</ex>, deleg<ex>ate</ex></as>. It also sometimes marks the office or dignity; <as>as, tribun<ex>ate</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In chemistry it is used to denote the salts formed from those acids whose names end <i>-ic</i> (excepting binary or halogen acids); <as>as, sulph<ex>ate</ex> from sulphur<ex>ic</ex> acid, nitr<ex>ate</ex> from nitr<ex>ic</ex> acid, etc.</as>  It is also used in the case of certain basic salts.</def>

<h1>Atechnic</h1>
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<hw>A*tech"nic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>technic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Without technical or artistic knowledge.</def>

<blockquote>Difficult to convey to the <b>atechnic</b> reader.
<i>Etching & Engr.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ateles</h1>
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<hw>At"e*les</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ incomplete; <?/ priv. + <?/ completion.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of American monkeys with prehensile tails, and having the thumb wanting or rudimentary. See <er>Spider monkey</er>, and <er>Coaita</er>.</def>

<h1>Atelier</h1>
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<hw>A`te*lier"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A workshop; a studio.</def>

<h1>Atellan</h1>
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<hw>A*tel"lan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Atellanus</ets>, fr. <ets>Atella</ets>, an ancient town of the Osci, in Campania.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Atella, in ancient Italy; <as>as, <ex>Atellan</ex> plays</as>; farcical; ribald.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A farcical drama performed at Atella.</def></def2>

<h1>Athalamous</h1>
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<hw>A*thal"a*mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ nuptial bed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Not furnished with shields or beds for the spores, as the thallus of certain lichens.</def>

<h1>Athamaunt</h1>
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<hw>Ath"a*maunt</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adamant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Written in the table of <b>athamaunt</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Athanasian</h1>
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<hw>Ath`a*na"sian</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria in the 4th century.</def>

<cs><col>Athanasian creed</col>, <cd>a formulary, confession, or exposition of faith, formerly supposed to have been drawn up by Athanasius; but this opinion is now rejected, and the composition is ascribed by some to Hilary, bishop of Arles (5th century). It is a summary of what was called the orthodox faith.</cd></cs>

<h1>Athanor</h1>
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<hw>Ath"a*nor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Ar. <ets>at-tann\'d4r</ets>, fr. Heb. <ets>tann\'d4r</ets> an oven or furnace.]</ety> <def>A digesting furnace, formerly used by alchemists. It was so constructed as to maintain uniform and durable heat.</def>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Athecata</h1>
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<hw>Ath`e*ca"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ chest, box.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Hydroidea in which the zooids are naked, or not inclosed in a capsule. See <er>Tubularian</er>.</def>

<h1>Atheism</h1>
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<hw>A"the*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ath\'82isme</ets>. See <er>Atheist</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The disbelief or denial of the existence of a God, or supreme intelligent Being.</def>

<blockquote><b>Atheism</b> is a ferocious system, that leaves nothing above us to excite awe, nor around us to awaken tenderness.
<i>R. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Atheism</b> and pantheism are often wrongly confounded.
<i>Shipley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Godlessness.</def>

<h1>Atheist</h1>
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<hw>A"the*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without god; <?/ priv. + <?/ god: cf. F. <ets>ath\'82iste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who disbelieves or denies the existence of a God, or supreme intelligent Being.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A godless person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Infidel; unbeliever.</syn>

<note>See <er>Infidel</er>.</note>

<h1>Atheistic, Atheistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>A`the*is"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A`the*is"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, implying, or containing, atheism; -- applied to things; <as>as, <ex>atheistic</ex> doctrines, opinions, or books</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Atheistical</b> explications of natural effects.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disbelieving the existence of a God; impious; godless; -- applied to persons; <as>as, an <ex>atheistic</ex> writer</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A`the*is"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>A`the*is"tic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Atheize</h1>
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<hw>A"the*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render atheistic or godless.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>They endeavored to <b>atheize</b> one another.
<i>Berkeley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atheize</h1>
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<hw>A"the*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To discourse, argue, or act as an atheist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  -- <wordforms><wf>A"the*i`zer</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<-- p. 96  -->

<h1>Atheling</h1>
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<hw>Ath"el*ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'91<?/eling</ets> noble, fr. <ets>\'91<?/ele</ets> noble, akin to G. <ets>adel</ets> nobility, <ets>edel</ets> noble. The word <ets>\'91<?/el</ets>, E. <ets>ethel</ets>, is in many AS. proper names, as <ets>Ethel</ets>wolf, noble wolf; <ets>Ethel</ets>bald, noble bold; <ets>Ethel</ets>bert, noble bright.]</ety> <def>An Anglo-Saxon prince or nobleman; esp., the heir apparent or a prince of the royal family.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Adeling</asp> and <asp>\'92theling</asp>.]</altsp>

<mhw><h1>Atheneum, Athen\'91um</h1>
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<hw>Ath`e*ne"um</hw>, <hw>Ath`e*n\'91"um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Atheneums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Athen\'91a</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>Athenaemum</ets>, Gr. <?/ a temple of Minerva at Athens, fr. <?/, contr. fr. <?/, <?/, in Homer <?/, <?/, Athene (called <i>Minerva</i> by the Romans), the tutelary goddess of Athens.]</ety> <p><b>1</b> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A temple of Athene, at Athens, in which scholars and poets were accustomed to read their works and instruct students.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A school founded at Rome by Hadrian.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A literary or scientific association or club.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A building or an apartment where a library, periodicals, and newspapers are kept for use.</def>

<h1>Athenian</h1>
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<hw>A*the"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Ath\'82nien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Athens, the metropolis of Greece. -- <tt>n.</tt> A native or citizen of Athens.</def>

<h1>Atheological</h1>
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<hw>A`the*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opposed to theology; atheistic.</def>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Atheology</h1>
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<hw>A`the*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>theology</ets>.]</ety> <def>Antagonism to theology.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Atheous</h1>
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<hw>A"the*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without God. See <er>Atheist</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Atheistic; impious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without God, neither accepting nor denying him.</def>

<blockquote>I should say science was <b>atheous</b>, and therefore could not be atheistic.
<i>Bp. of Carlisle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atherine</h1>
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<hw>Ath"er*ine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>atherina</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of smelt.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small marine fish of the family <spn>Atherinid\'91</spn>, having a silvery stripe along the sides. The European species <spn>(Atherina presbyter)</spn> is used as food. The American species <spn>(Menidia notata)</spn> is called <i>silversides</i> and <i>sand smelt</i>. See <er>Silversides</er>.</def>

<h1>Athermancy</h1>
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<hw>A*ther"man*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Athermanous</er>.]</ety> <def>Inability to transmit radiant; impermeability to heat.</def>

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Athermanous</h1>
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<hw>A*ther"ma*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ to heat, <?/ heat: cf. F. <ets>athermane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Not transmitting heat; -- opposed to <i>diathermanous</i>.</def>

<h1>Athermous</h1>
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<hw>A*ther"mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Athermanous.</def>

<h1>Atheroid</h1>
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<hw>Ath"er*oid</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a beard, or an ear, of grain + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like an ear of grain.</def>

<h1>Atheroma</h1>
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<hw>Ath`e*ro"ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ gr<?/ats, meal.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An encysted tumor containing curdy matter.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A disease characterized by thickening and fatty degeneration of the inner coat of the arteries.</def>

<h1>Atheromatous</h1>
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<hw>Ath`e*rom"a*tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or having the nature of, atheroma.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Athetosis</h1>
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<hw>Ath`e*to"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ not fixed; <?/ priv. + <?/ to set.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A variety of chorea, marked by peculiar tremors of the fingers and toes.</def>

<h1>Athink</h1>
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<hw>A*think"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To repent; to displease; to disgust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Athirst</h1>
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<hw>A*thirst"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ofthurst</ets>, AS. <ets>ofpyrsted</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ofpyrstan</ets>; pref. <ets>of-</ets>, intensive + <ets>pyrstan</ets> to thirst. See <er>Thirst</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanting drink; thirsty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a keen appetite or desire; eager; longing.</def> "<i>Athirst</i> for battle."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Athlete</h1>
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<hw>Ath"lete</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>athleta</ets>, Gr. <?/ prizefighter, fr. <?/ to contend for a prize, <?/, Hom. <?/, contest, <?/ prize; fr. the same root as E. <ets>wed</ets>: cf. F. <ets>athl\'8ate</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>One who contended for a prize in the public games of ancient Greece or Rome.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any one trained to contend in exercises requiring great physical agility and strength; one who has great activity and strength; a champion.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One fitted for, or skilled in, intellectual contests; <as>as, <ex>athletes</ex> of debate</as>.</def>

<h1>Athletic</h1>
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<hw>Ath`let"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>athleticus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Athlete</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to athletes or to the exercises practiced by them; <as>as, <ex>athletic</ex> games or sports</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Befitting an athlete; strong; muscular; robust; vigorous; <as>as, <ex>athletic</ex> Celts</as>.</def> "<i>Athletic</i> soundness." <i>South</i>.  -- <wordforms><wf>Ath*let"ic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Athleticism</h1>
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<hw>Ath*let"i*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice of engaging in athletic games; athletism.</def>

<h1>Athletics</h1>
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<hw>Ath*let"ics</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of training by athletic exercises; the games and sports of athletes.</def>

<h1>Athletism</h1>
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<hw>Ath"le*tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or practice of an athlete; the characteristics of an athlete.</def>

<h1>Athwart</h1>
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<hw>A*thwart"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>thwart</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Across; from side to side of.</def>

<blockquote>Athwart the thicket lone.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Across the direction or course of; <as>as, a fleet standing <ex>athwart</ex> our course</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Athwart hawse</col>, <cd>across the stem of another vessel, whether in contact or at a small distance.</cd> -- <col>Athwart ships</col>, <cd>across the ship from side to side, or in that direction; -- opposed to <i>fore and aft<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Athwart</h1>
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<hw>A*thwart"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>1. Across, especially in an oblique direction; sidewise; obliquely.</def>

<blockquote>Sometimes <b>athwart</b>, sometimes he strook him straight.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Across the course; so as to thwart; perversely.</def>

<blockquote>All <b>athwart</b> there came
A post from Wales loaden with heavy news.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atilt</h1>
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<hw>A*tilt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>tilt</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the manner of a tilter; in the position, or with the action, of one making a thrust.</def>   "To run <i>atilt</i> at men." <i>Hudibras</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the position of a cask tilted, or with one end raised. <note>[In this sense sometimes used as an adjective.]</note></def>

<blockquote>Abroach, <b>atilt</b>, and run
Even to the lees of honor.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atimy</h1>
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<hw>At"i*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ honor.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>Public disgrace or stigma; infamy; loss of civil rights.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>-ation</h1>
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<hw>-a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[L. -<ets>ation</ets>em. See <er>-tion</er>.]</ety> <def>A suffix forming nouns of <i>action</i>, and often equivalent to the verbal substantive in -<i>ing</i>. It sometimes has the further meanings of <i>state</i>, and <i>that which</i> results from the action. Many of these nouns have verbs in -<i>ate</i>; <as>as, alliter<ex>ate</ex> -<ex>ation</ex>, narr<ex>ate</ex> -<ex>ation</ex></as>; many are derived through the French; <as>as, alter<ex>ation</ex>, visit<ex>ation</ex></as></as>; and many are formed on verbs ending in the Greek formative -<i>ize</i> (Fr. -<i>ise</i>); <as>as, civiliz<ex>ation</ex>, demoraliz<ex>ation</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>A-tiptoe</h1>
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<hw>A-tip"toe</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>On tiptoe; eagerly expecting.</def>

<blockquote>We all feel <b>a</b>-<b>tiptoe</b> with hope and confidence.
<i>F. Harrison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atlanta</h1>
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<hw>At*lan"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small glassy heteropod mollusks found swimming at the surface in mid ocean. See <er>Heteropod</er>.</def>

<h1>Atlantal</h1>
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<hw>At*lan"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Relating to the atlas.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Anterior; cephalic.</def>

<i>Barclay.</i>

<h1>Atlantean</h1>
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<hw>At`lan*te"an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Atlant<?/us</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the isle Atlantis, which the ancients allege was sunk, and overwhelmed by the ocean.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, Atlas; strong.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>Atlantean</b> shoulders, fit to bear
The weight of mightiest monarchies.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atlantes</h1>
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<hw>At*lan"tes</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, pl. of <?/. See <er>Atlas</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Figures or half figures of men, used as columns to support an entablature; -- called also <altname>telamones</altname>.  See <er>Caryatides</er>.</def>

<i>Oxf. Gloss.</i>

<h1>Atlantic</h1>
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<hw>At*lan"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Atlanticus</ets>, fr. <ets>Atlas</ets>. See <er>Atlas</er> and <er>Atlantes</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Mt. Atlas in Libya, and hence applied to the ocean which lies between Europe and Africa on the east and America on the west; <as>as, the <ex>Atlantic</ex> Ocean (called also <ex>the Atlantic</ex>); the <ex>Atlantic</ex> basin; the <ex>Atlantic</ex> telegraph.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the isle of Atlantis.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Descended from Atlas.</def>

<blockquote>The seven <b>Atlantic</b> sisters.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atlantides</h1>
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<hw>At*lan"ti*des</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Atlantes</er>.]</ety> <def>The Pleiades or seven stars, fabled to have been the daughters of Atlas.</def>

<h1>Atlas</h1>
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<hw>At"las</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Atlases</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>Atlas</ets>, -<ets>antis</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, one of the older family of gods, who bears up the pillars of heaven; also Mt. <ets>Atlas</ets>, in W. Africa, regarded as the pillar of heaven. It is from the root of <?/ to bear. See <er>Tolerate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who sustains a great burden.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The first vertebra of the neck, articulating immediately with the skull, thus sustaining the globe of the head, whence the name.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A collection of maps in a volume</def>; -- <note>supposed to be so called from a picture of Atlas supporting the world, prefixed to some collections. This name is said to have been first used by Mercator, the celebrated geographer, in the 16th century.<note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A volume of plates illustrating any subject.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A work in which subjects are exhibited in a tabular from or arrangement; <as>as, an historical <ex>atlas</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A large, square folio, resembling a volume of maps; -- called also <altname>atlas folio</altname>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A drawing paper of large size. See under <er>Paper</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Atlas powder</col>, <cd>a nitroglycerin blasting compound of pasty consistency and great explosive power.</cd></cs>

<h1>Atlas</h1>
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<hw>At"las</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar., smooth.]</ety> <def>A rich kind of satin manufactured in India.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Atmidometer</h1>
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<hw>At`mi*dom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, smoke, vapor + <ets>-meter</ets>; cf. F. <ets>atmidom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the evaporation from water, ice, or snow.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Atmo</h1>
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<hw>At"mo</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>atmosphere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The standard atmospheric pressure used in certain physical measurements calculations; conventionally, that pressure under which the barometer stands at 760 millimeters, at a temperature of 0&deg; Centigrade, at the level of the sea, and in the latitude of Paris.</def>

<i>Sir W. Thomson.</i>

<h1>Atmologic, Atmological</h1>
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<hw><hw>At`mo*log"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>At`mo*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to atmology.</def> "<i>Atmological</i> laws of heat."

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Atmologist</h1>
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<hw>At*mol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is versed in atmology.</def>

<h1>Atmology</h1>
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<hw>At*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ vapor + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That branch of science which treats of the laws and phenomena of aqueous vapor.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Atmolysis</h1>
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<hw>At*mol"y*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ vapor + <?/ a loosing, <?/ to loose.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process of separating mingled gases of unequal diffusibility by transmission through porous substances.</def>

<h1>Atmolyzation</h1>
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<hw>At`mol*y*za"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Separation by atmolysis.</def>

<h1>Atmolyze</h1>
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<hw>At"mo*lyze</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To subject to atmolysis; to separate by atmolysis.</def>

<h1>Atmolyzer</h1>
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<hw>At"mo*ly`zer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for effecting atmolysis.</def>

<h1>Atmometer</h1>
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<hw>At*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ smoke, vapor + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>atmom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the rate of evaporation from a moist surface; an evaporometer.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Atmosphere</h1>
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<hw>At"mos*phere</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ vapor (akin to Skr. <ets>\'betman</ets> breath, soul, G. <ets>athem</ets> breath) + <?/ sphere: cf. F. <ets>atmosph\'8are</ets>. See <er>Sphere</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The whole mass of a\'89riform fluid surrounding the earth; -- applied also to the gaseous envelope of any celestial orb, or other body; <as>as, the <ex>atmosphere</ex> of Mars</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any gaseous envelope or medium.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>atmosphere</b> of cold oxygen.
<i>Miller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A supposed medium around various bodies; <as>as, <ex>electrical atmosphere</ex>, a medium formerly supposed to surround electrical bodies</as>.</def>

<i>Franklin.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The pressure or weight of the air at the sea level, on a unit of surface, or about 14.7 Ibs. to the sq. inch.</def>

<blockquote>Hydrogen was liquefied under a pressure of 650 <b>atmospheres</b>.
<i>Lubbock.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any surrounding or pervading influence or condition.</def>

<blockquote>The chillest of social <b>atmospheres</b>.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The portion of air in any locality, or affected by a special physical or sanitary condition; <as>as, the <ex>atmosphere</ex> of the room; a moist or noxious <ex>atmosphere</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Atmospheric, Atmospherical</h1>
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<hw><hw>At`mos*pher"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>At`mos*pher"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>atmosph\'82rique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the atmosphere; of the nature of, or resembling, the atmosphere; <as>as, <ex>atmospheric</ex> air; the <ex>atmospheric</ex> envelope of the earth.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Existing in the atmosphere.</def>

<blockquote>The lower <b>atmospheric</b> current.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Caused, or operated on, by the atmosphere; <as>as, an <ex>atmospheric</ex> effect; an <ex>atmospheric</ex> engine.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Dependent on the atmosphere.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>In am so <b>atmospherical</b> a creature.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Atmospheric engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine whose piston descends by the pressure of the atmosphere, when the steam which raised it is condensed within the cylinder.</cd> <i>Tomlinson</i>. -- <col>Atmospheric line</col> <fld>(Steam Engin.)</fld>, <cd>the equilibrium line of an indicator card. Steam is expanded "down to the atmosphere" when its pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere. (See <er>Indicator card</er>.)</cd> -- <col>Atmospheric pressure</col>, <cd>the pressure exerted by the atmosphere, not merely downwards, but in every direction. In amounts to about 14.7 Ibs. on each square inch.</cd> -- <col>Atmospheric railway</col>, <cd>one in which pneumatic power, obtained from compressed air or the creation of a vacuum, is the propelling force.</cd> -- <col>Atmospheric tides</col>. <cd>See under <er>Tide</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Atmospherically</h1>
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<hw>At`mos*pher"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In relation to the atmosphere.</def>

<h1>Atmospherology</h1>
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<hw>At`mos*phe*rol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Atmosphere</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science or a treatise on the atmosphere.</def>

<h1>Atokous</h1>
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<hw>At"o*kous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ barren; <?/ priv. + <?/ offspring.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Producing only asexual individuals, as the eggs of certain annelids.</def>

<h1>Atoll</h1>
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<hw>A*toll"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The native name in the Indian Ocean.]</ety> <def>A coral island or islands, consisting of a belt of coral reef, partly submerged, surrounding a central lagoon or depression; a lagoon island.</def>

<h1>Atom</h1>
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<hw>At"om</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>atomus</ets>, Gr. <?/, uncut, indivisible; <?/ priv. + <?/, verbal adj. of <?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>atome</ets>. See <er>Tome</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An ultimate indivisible particle of matter.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An ultimate particle of matter not necessarily indivisible; a molecule.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A constituent particle of matter, or a molecule supposed to be made up of subordinate particles.</def>

<note>&hand; These three definitions correspond to different views of the nature of the ultimate particles of matter. In the case of the last two, the particles are more correctly called <i>molecules</i>.</note>

<i>Dana.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The smallest particle of matter that can enter into combination; one of the elementary constituents of a molecule.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything extremely small; a particle; a whit.</def>

<blockquote>There was not an <b>atom</b> of water.
<i>Sir J. Ross.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atom</h1>
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<hw>At"om</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reduce to atoms.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Atomic, Atomical</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*tom"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*tom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>atomique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to atoms.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Extremely minute; tiny.</def>

<cs><col>Atomic philosophy</col>, <cd>or <i>Doctrine of atoms<i>, a system which assuming that atoms are endued with gravity and motion accounted thus for the origin and formation of all things. This philosophy was first broached by Leucippus, was developed by Democritus, and afterward improved by Epicurus, and hence is sometimes denominated the <i>Epicurean<i> philosophy.</cd> -- <col>Atomic theory</col>, <cd>or the <i>Doctrine of definite proportions<i> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, teaches that chemical combinations take place between the supposed ultimate particles or <i>atoms<i> of bodies, in some simple ratio, as of one to one, two to three, or some other, always expressible in whole numbers.</cd> -- <col>Atomic weight</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the weight of the atom of an element as compared with the weight of the atom of hydrogen, taken as a standard.</cd></cs>

<h1>Atomically</h1>
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<hw>A*tom"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an atomic manner; in accordance with the atomic philosophy.</def>

<h1>Atomician</h1>
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<hw>At`o*mi"cian</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An atomist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Atomicism</h1>
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<hw>A*tom"i*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Atomism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Atomicity</h1>
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<hw>At`o*mic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>atomicit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Degree of atomic attraction; equivalence; valence; also (a later use) the number of atoms in an elementary molecule. See <er>Valence</er>.</def>

<h1>Atomism</h1>
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<hw>At"om*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>atomisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of atoms. See <cref>Atomic philosophy</cref>, under <er>Atomic</er>.</def>

<h1>Atomist</h1>
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<hw>At"om*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>atomiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who holds to the atomic philosophy or theory.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Atomistic</h1>
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<hw>At`om*is"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to atoms; relating to atomism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>It is the object of the mechanical <b>atomistic</b> philosophy to confound synthesis with synartesis.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atomization</h1>
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<hw>At`om*i*za"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reducing to atoms, or very minute particles; or the state of being so reduced.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The reduction of fluids into fine spray.</def>

<h1>Atomize</h1>
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<hw>At"om*ize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reduce to atoms, or to fine spray.</def>

<blockquote>The liquids in the form of spray are said to be pulverized, nebulized, or <b>atomized</b>.
<i>Dunglison.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 97  -->

<h1>Atomizer</h1>
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<hw>At"om*i`zer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, atomizes; esp., an instrument for reducing a liquid to spray for disinfecting, cooling, or perfuming.</def>

<h1>Atomology</h1>
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<hw>At`om*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Atom</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of atoms.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Atomy</h1>
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<hw>At"om*y</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An atom; a mite; a pigmy.</def>

<h1>Atomy</h1>
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<hw>At"o*my</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>anatomy</ets>, taken as <ets>an atomy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A skeleton.</def> <mark>[Ludicrous]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Atonable</h1>
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<hw>A*ton"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admitting an atonement; capable of being atoned for; expiable.</def>

<h1>At one</h1>
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<hw>At one"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[OE. <ets>at on</ets>, <ets>atone</ets>, <ets>atoon</ets>, <ets>attone</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In concord or friendship; in agreement (with each other); <as>as, to be, bring, make, or set, <ex>at one</ex>, i</as>. e., to be or bring in or to a state of agreement or reconciliation.</def>

<blockquote>If gentil men, or othere of hir contree

Were wrothe, she wolde bringen hem <b>atoon</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of the same opinion; agreed; <as>as, on these points we are <ex>at one</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>He and Aufidius can no more <b>atone</b>
Than violentest contrariety.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stand as an equivalent; to make reparation, compensation, or amends, for an offense or a crime.</def>

<blockquote>The murderer fell, and blood <b>atoned</b> for blood.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ministry not <b>atoning</b> for their former conduct by any wise or popular measure.
<i>Junius.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atone</h1>
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<hw>A*tone"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set at one; to reduce to concord; to reconcile, as parties at variance; to appease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I would do much
To <b>atone</b> them, for the love I bear to Cassio.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To unite in making.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The four elements . . . have <b>atoned</b>

A noble league.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make satisfaction for; to expiate.</def>

<blockquote>Or each <b>atone</b> his guilty love with life.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atonement</h1>
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<hw>A*tone"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>(Literally, a setting <i>at one</i>.) Reconciliation; restoration of friendly relations; agreement; concord.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>By whom we have now received the <b>atonement</b>.
<i>Rom. v. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He desires to make <b>atonement</b>
Betwixt the Duke of Gloucester and your brothers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Satisfaction or reparation made by giving an equivalent for an injury, or by doing of suffering that which will be received in satisfaction for an offense or injury; expiation; amends; -- with <i>for</i>. Specifically, in theology: The expiation of sin made by the obedience, personal suffering, and death of Christ.</def>

<blockquote>When a man has been guilty of any vice, the best <b>atonement</b> be can make for it is, to warn others.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Phocians behaved with, so much gallantry, that they were thought to have made a sufficient <b>atonement</b> for their former offense.
<i>Potter.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atoner</h1>
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<hw>A*ton"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes atonement.</def>

<h1>Atones</h1>
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<hw>At*ones</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>At one</er>.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Down he fell <b>atones</b> as a stone.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atonic</h1>
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<hw>A*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>atonique</ets>. See <er>Atony</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Characterized by atony, or want of vital energy; <as>as, an <ex>atonic</ex> disease</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Unaccented; <as>as, an <ex>atonic</ex> syllable</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Destitute of tone vocality; surd.</def>

<i>Rush.</i>

<h1>Atonic</h1>
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<hw>A*ton"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word that has no accent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An element of speech entirely destitute of vocality, or produced by the breath alone; a nonvocal or surd consonant; a breathing.</def>

<i>Rush.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy capable of allaying organic excitement or irritation.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Atony</h1>
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<hw>At"o*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ slackness; <?/ priv. + <?/ tone, strength, <?/ to stretch: cf. F. <ets>atonie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Want of tone; weakness of the system, or of any organ, especially of such as are contractile.</def>

<h1>Atop</h1>
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<hw>A*top"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>On or at the top.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Atrabilarian, Atrabilarious</h1>
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<hw><hw>At`ra*bi*la"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>At`ra*bi*la"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>atrabilarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>atra bilis</ets> black bile: cf. F. <ets>atrabilaire</ets>, fr. <ets>atrabile</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affected with melancholy; atrabilious.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Atrabilarian</h1>
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<hw>At`ra*bi*la"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person much given to melancholy; a hypochondriac.</def>

<i>I. Disraeli.</i>

<h1>Atrabiliar</h1>
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<hw>At`ra*bil"iar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Melancholy; atrabilious.</def>

<h1>Atrabiliary</h1>
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<hw>At`ra*bil"ia*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to <i>atra bilis</i> or black bile, a fluid formerly supposed to be produced by the kidneys.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Melancholic or hypohondriac; atrabilious; -- from the supposed predominance of black bile, to the influence of which the ancients attributed hypochondria, melancholy, and mania.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Atrabiliary arteries</col>, <col>capsules</col>, and <col>veins</col></mcol> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>those pertaining to the kidney; -- called also <i>renal<i> arteries, capsules, and veins.</cd></cs>

<h1>Atrabilious</h1>
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<hw>At`ra*bil"ious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Melancholic or hypochondriac; atrabiliary.</def>

<i>Dunglision.</i>

<blockquote>A hard-faced, <b>atrabilious</b>, earnest-eyed race.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He was constitutionally <b>atrabilious</b> and scornful.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atramentaceous</h1>
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<hw>At`ra*men*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>atramentum</ets> ink, fr. <ets>ater</ets> black.]</ety> <def>Black, like ink; inky; atramental.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Atramental, Atramentous</h1>
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<hw><hw>At`ra*men"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>At`ra*men"tous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ink; inky; black, like ink; <as>as, <ex>atramental</ex> galls; <ex>atramentous</ex> spots.</as></def>

<h1>Atramentarious</h1>
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<hw>At`ra*men*ta"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>atramentaire</ets>. See <er>Atramentaceous</er>.]</ety> <def>Like ink; suitable for making ink. Sulphate of iron (copperas, green vitriol) is called <i>atramentarious</i>, as being used in making ink.</def>

<h1>Atrede</h1>
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<hw>At*rede</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>at</ets> (AS. <ets>\'91t</ets>) out + <ets>rede</ets>.]</ety> <def>To surpass in council.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Men may the olde atrenne, but hat <b>atrede</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atrenne</h1>
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<hw>At*renne"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>at + renne</ets> to run.]</ety> <def>To outrun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Atresia</h1>
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<hw>A*tre"si*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ not perforated.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Absence or closure of a natural passage or channel of the body; imperforation.</def>

<h1>Atrial</h1>
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<hw>A"tri*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an atrium.</def>

<h1>Atrip</h1>
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<hw>A*trip"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>trip</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Just hove clear of the ground; -said of the anchor.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Sheeted home, hoisted taut up and ready for trimming; -- said of sails.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Hoisted up and ready to be swayed across; -- said of yards.</def>

<h1>Atrium</h1>
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<hw>A"tri*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Atria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., the fore court of a Roman house.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A square hall lighted from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An open court with a porch or gallery around three or more sides; especially at the entrance of a basilica or other church. The name was extended in the Middle Ages to the open churchyard or cemetery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The main part of either auricle of the heart as distinct from the auricular appendix. Also, the whole articular portion of the heart.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cavity in ascidians into which the intestine and generative ducts open, and which also receives the water from the gills. See <er>Ascidioidea</er>.</def>

<h1>Atrocha</h1>
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<hw>At`ro*cha</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a circle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of ch\'91topod larva in which no circles of cilia are developed.</def>

<h1>Atrocious</h1>
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<hw>A*tro"cious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>atrox</ets>, <ets>atrocis</ets>, cruel, fierce: cf. F. <ets>atroce</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Extremely heinous; full of enormous wickedness; <as>as, <ex>atrocious</ex> quilt or deeds</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by, or expressing, great atrocity, great atrocity.</def>

<blockquote>Revelations . . . so <b>atrocious</b> that nothing in history approaches them.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Very grievous or violent; terrible; <as>as, <ex>atrocious</ex> distempers</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Atrocious</er>, <er>Flagitious</er>, <er>Flagrant</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Flagitious</i> points to an act as grossly wicked and vile; <as>as, a <ex>flagitious</ex> proposal</as>. <i>Flagrant</i> marks the vivid impression made upon the mind by something strikingly wrong or erroneous; as, a <i>flagrant</i> misrepresentation; a <i>flagrant</i> violation of duty. <i>Atrocious</i> represents the act as springing from a violent and savage spirit. If Lord Chatham, instead of saying "the <i>atrocious</i> crime of being a young man," had used either of the other two words, his irony would have lost all its point, in his celebrated reply to Sir Robert Walpole, as reported by Dr. Johnson.</usage>

 -- <wordforms><wf>A*tro"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>A*tro"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Atrocity</h1>
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<hw>A*troc"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Atrocities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>atrocit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>atrocitas</ets>, fr. <ets>atrox</ets>, <ets>atrocis</ets>, cruel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Enormous wickedness; extreme heinousness or cruelty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An atrocious or extremely cruel deed.</def>

<blockquote>The atrocities which attend a victory.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atrophic</h1>
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<hw>A*troph"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to atrophy.</def>

<h1>Atrophied</h1>
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<hw>At"ro*phied</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Affected with atrophy, as a tissue or organ; arrested in development at a very early stage; rudimentary.</def>

<h1>Atrophy</h1>
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<hw>At"ro*phy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>atrophia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to nourish: cf. F. <ets>atrophie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wasting away from want of nourishment; diminution in bulk or slow emaciation of the body or of any part.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Atrophy</h1>
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<hw>At"ro*phy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Atrophied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause to waste away or become abortive; to starve or weaken.</def>

<h1>Atrophy</h1>
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<hw>At"ro*phy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To waste away; to dwindle.</def>

<h1>Atropia</h1>
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<hw>A*tro"pi*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Atropine</er>.</def>

<h1>Atropine</h1>
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<hw>At"ro*pine</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ inflexible; hence <?/ <?/, one of the three Parc\'91; <?/ priv. + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous, white, crystallizable alkaloid, extracted from the <spn>Atropa belladonna</spn>, or deadly nightshade, and the <spn>Datura Stramonium</spn>, or thorn apple. It is remarkable for its power in dilating the pupil of the eye. Called also <altname>daturine</altname>.</def>

<h1>Atropism</h1>
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<hw>At"ro*pism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition of the system produced by long use of belladonna.</def>

<h1>Atropous</h1>
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<hw>At"ro*pous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Not inverted; orthotropous.</def>

<h1>Atrous</h1>
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<hw>A"trous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ater</ets>.]</ety> <def>Coal-black; very black.</def>

<h1>Atrypa</h1>
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<hw>A*try"pa</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a hole.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A extinct genus of Branchiopoda, very common in Silurian limestones.</def>

<h1>Attabal</h1>
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<hw>At"ta*bal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Atabal</er>.</def>

<h1>Attacca</h1>
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<hw>At*tac"ca</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[It., fr. <ets>attaccare</ets> to tie, bind. See <er>Attach</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Attack at once; -- a direction at the end of a movement to show that the next is to follow immediately, without any pause.</def>

<h1>Attach</h1>
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<hw>At*tach"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attached</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>atachier</ets>, F. <ets>attacher</ets>, to tie or fasten: cf. Celt. <ets>tac</ets>, <ets>tach</ets>, nail, E. <ets>tack</ets> a small nail, <ets>tack</ets> to fasten. Cf. <er>Attack</er>, and see <er>Tack</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bind, fasten, tie, or connect; to make fast or join; <as>as, to <ex>attach</ex> one thing to another by a string, by glue, or the like</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The shoulder blade is . . . <b>attached</b> only to the muscles.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A huge stone to which the cable was <b>attached</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To connect; to place so as to belong; to assign by authority; to appoint; <as>as, an officer is <ex>attached</ex> to a certain regiment, company, or ship</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To win the heart of; to connect by ties of love or self-interest; to attract; to fasten or bind by moral influence; -- with <i>to</i>; <as>as, <ex>attached</ex> to a friend; <ex>attaching</ex> others to us by wealth or flattery.</as></def>

<blockquote>Incapable of <b>attaching</b> a sensible man.
<i>Miss Austen.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>God . . . by various ties <b>attaches</b> man to man.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To connect, in a figurative sense; to ascribe or attribute; to affix; -- with <i>to</i>; <as>as, to <ex>attach</ex> great importance to a particular circumstance</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Top this treasure a curse is <b>attached</b>.
<i>Bayard Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To take, seize, or lay hold of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To take by legal authority: <sd>(a)</sd> To arrest by writ, and bring before a court, as to answer for a debt, or a contempt; -- applied to a taking of the person by a <i>civil</i> process; being now rarely used for the arrest of a criminal. <sd>(b)</sd> To seize or take (goods or real estate) by virtue of a writ or precept to hold the same to satisfy a judgment which may be rendered in the suit. See <er>Attachment</er>, <er>4</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The earl marshal <b>attached</b> Gloucester for high treason.
<i>Miss Yonge.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Attached column</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a column engaged in a wall, so that only a part of its circumference projects from it.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To affix; bind; tie; fasten; connect; conjoin; subjoin; annex; append; win; gain over; conciliate.</syn>

<h1>Attach</h1>
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<hw>At*tach"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To adhere; to be attached.</def>

<blockquote>The great interest which <b>attaches</b> to the mere knowledge of these facts cannot be doubted.
<i>Brougham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come into legal operation in connection with anything; to vest; <as>as, dower will <ex>attach</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Cooley.</i>

<h1>Attach</h1>
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<hw>At*tach"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An attachment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Attachable</h1>
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<hw>At*tach"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being attached; esp., liable to be taken by writ or precept.</def>

<h1>Attach\'82</h1>
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<hw>At`ta*ch\'82"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., p. p. of <ets>attacher</ets>. See <er>Attach</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>One attached to another person or thing, as a part of a suite or staff. Specifically: One attached to an embassy.</def>

<h1>Attachment</h1>
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<hw>At*tach"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>attachment</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act attaching, or state of being attached; close adherence or affection; fidelity; regard; an<?/ passion of affection that binds a person; <as>as, an <ex>attachment</ex> to a friend, or to a party</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That by which one thing is attached to another; connection; <as>as, to cut the <ex>attachments</ex> of a muscle</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The human mind . . . has exhausted its forces in the endeavor to rend the supernatural from its <b>attachment</b> to this history.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Something attached; some adjunct attached to an instrument, machine, or other object; <as>as, a sewing machine <ex>attachment</ex> (<it>i. e.</it>, a device attached to a sewing machine to enable it to do special work, as tucking, etc.).</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Giv. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A seizure or taking into custody by virtue of a legal process.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The writ or percept commanding such seizure or taking.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is applied to a seizure or taking either of persons or property. In the serving of process in a civil suit, it is most generally applied to the taking of property, whether at common law, as a species of distress, to compel defendant's appearance, or under local statutes, to satisfy the judgment the plaintiff may recover in the action. The terms <i>attachment</i> and <i>arrest</i> are both applied to the taking or apprehension of a defendant to compel an appearance in a civil action. <i>Attachments</i> are issued at common law and in chancery, against persons for contempt of court. In England, <i>attachment</i> is employed in some cases where <i>capias</i> is with us, as against a witness who fails to appear on summons. In some of the New England States a writ of <i>attachment</i> is a species of <i>mesne process</i> upon which the property of a defendant may be seized at the commencement of a suit and before summons to him, and may be held to satisfy the judgment the plaintiff may recover. In other States this writ can issue only against absconding debtors and those who conceal themselves. See <er>Foreign</er>, <er>Garnishment</er>, <er>Trustee process</er>.</note>

<i>Bouvier. Burrill. Blackstone.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Attachment</er>, <er>Affection</er></syn>. <usage>The leading idea of <i>affection</i> is that of warmth and tenderness; the leading idea of <i>attachment</i> is that of being bound to some object by strong and lasting ties. There is more of sentiment (and sometimes of romance) in <i>affection</i>, and more of principle in preserving <i>attachment</i>. We speak of the ardor of the one, and the fidelity of the other. There is another distinction in the use and application of these words. The term <i>attachment</i> is applied to a wider range of objects than <i>affection</i>. A man may have a strong <i>attachment</i> to his country, to his profession, to his principles, and even to favorite places; in respect to none of these could we use the word <i>affection</i>.</usage>

<h1>Attack</h1>
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<hw>At*tack"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attacked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attacking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>attaquer</ets>, orig. another form of <ets>attacher</ets> to attack: cf. It. <ets>attacare</ets> to fasten, attack. See <er>Attach</er>, <er>Tack</er> a small nail.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fall upon with force; to assail, as with force and arms; to assault.</def> "<i>Attack</i> their lines."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To assail with unfriendly speech or writing; to begin a controversy with; to attempt to overthrow or bring into disrepute, by criticism or satire; to censure; <as>as, to <ex>attack</ex> a man, or his opinions, in a pamphlet</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To set to work upon, as upon a task or problem, or some object of labor or investigation.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To begin to affect; to begin to act upon, injuriously or destructively; to begin to decompose or waste.</def>

<blockquote>On the fourth of March he was <b>attacked</b> by fever.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hydrofluoric acid . . . <b>attacks</b> the glass.
<i>B. Stewart.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Attack</er>, <er>Assail</er>, <er>Assault</er>, <er>Invade</er>.</syn> <usage> These words all denote a violent onset; <i>attack</i> being the generic term, and the others specific forms of attack. To <i>attack</i> is to commence the onset; to <i>assail</i> is to make a sudden and violent attack, or to make repeated attacks; to <i>assault</i> (literally, to leap upon) is to attack physically by a had-to-hand approach or by unlawful and insulting violence; to <i>invade</i> is to enter by force on what belongs to another. Thus, a person may <i>attack</i> by offering violence of any kind; he may <i>assail</i> by means of missile weapons; he may <i>assault</i> by direct personal violence; a king may <i>invade</i> by marching an army into a country. Figuratively, we may say, men <i>attack</i> with argument or satire; they <i>assail</i> with abuse or reproaches; they may be <i>assaulted</i> by severe temptations; the rights of the people may be <i>invaded</i> by the encroachments of the crown.</usage>

<h1>Attack</h1>
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<hw>At*tack"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make an onset or attack.</def>

<h1>Attack</h1>
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<hw>At*tack"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>attaque</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of attacking, or falling on with force or violence; an onset; an assault; -- opposed to <i>defense</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An assault upon one's feelings or reputation with unfriendly or bitter words.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A setting to work upon some task, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An access of disease; a fit of sickness.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The beginning of corrosive, decomposing, or destructive action, by a chemical agent.</def>

<h1>Attackable</h1>
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<hw>At*tack"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being attacked.</def>

<h1>Attacker</h1>
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<hw>At*tack"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who attacks.</def>

<h1>Attagas, Attagen</h1>
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<hw><hw>At"ta*gas</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>At"ta*gen</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attagen</ets> a kind of bird, Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of sand grouse <spn>(Syrrghaptes Pallasii)</spn> found in Asia and rarely in southern Europe.</def>

<-- p. 98  -->

<h1>Attaghan</h1>
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<hw>At"ta*ghan</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Yataghan</er>.</def>

<h1>Attain</h1>
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<hw>At*tain"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attained</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of. <ets>atteinen</ets>, <ets>atteignen</ets>, <ets><?/tainen</ets>, OF. <ets>ateindre</ets>, <ets>ataindre</ets>, F. <ets>atteindre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>attingere</ets>; <ets>ad + tangere</ets> to touch, reach. See <er>Tangent</er>, and cf. <er>Attinge</er>, <er>Attaint</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To achieve or accomplish, that is, to reach by efforts; to gain; to compass; <as>as, to <ex>attain</ex> rest</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Is he wise who hopes to <b>attain</b> the end without the means?
<i>Abp. Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To gain or obtain possession of; to acquire.</def> <mark>[Obs. with a material object.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To get at the knowledge of; to ascertain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Not well <b>attaining</b> his meaning.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To reach or come to, by progression or motion; to arrive at.</def> "Canaan he now <i>attains</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To overtake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To reach in excellence or degree; to equal.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Attain</er>, <er>Obtain</er>, <er>Procure</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Attain</i> always implies <i>an effort toward</i> an object. Hence it is not synonymous with <i>obtain</i> and <i>procure</i>, which do not necessarily imply such effort or motion. We <i>procure</i> or <i>obtain</i> a thing by <i>purchase</i> or <i>loan</i>, and we <i>obtain</i> by inheritance, but we do not <i>attain</i> it by such means.</usage>

<h1>Attain</h1>
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<hw>At*tain"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come or arrive, by motion, growth, bodily exertion, or efforts toward a place, object, state, etc.; to reach.</def>

<blockquote>If by any means they might <b>attain</b> to Phenice.
<i>Acts xxvii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor nearer might the dogs <b>attain</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To see your trees <b>attain</b> to the dignity of timber.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Few boroughs had as yet <b>attained</b> to power such as this.
<i>J. R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come or arrive, by an effort of mind.</def>

<blockquote>Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high, I can not <b>attain</b> unto it.
<i>Ps. cxxxix. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attain</h1>
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<hw>At*tain"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Attainment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Attainability</h1>
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<hw>At*tain`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being attainable; attainbleness.</def>

<h1>Attainable</h1>
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<hw>At*tain"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being attained or reached by efforts of the mind or body; capable of being compassed or accomplished by efforts directed to the object.</def>

<blockquote>The highest pitch of perfection <b>attainable</b> in this life.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Obtainable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>General Howe would not permit the purchase of those articles [clothes and blankets] in Philadelphia, and they were not <b>attainable</b> in the country.
<i>Marshall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attainableness</h1>
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<hw>At*tain"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being attainable; attainability.</def>

<h1>Attainder</h1>
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<hw>At*tain"der</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ataindre</ets>, <ets>ateindre</ets>, to accuse, convict. <ets>Attainder</ets> is often erroneously referred to F. <ets>teindre</ets> tie stain. See <er>Attaint</er>, <er>Attain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of attainting, or the state of being attainted; the extinction of the civil rights and capacities of a person, consequent upon sentence of death or outlawry; <as>as, an act of <ex>attainder</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<note>&hand; Formerly <i>attainder</i> was the inseparable consequence of a judicial or legislative sentence for treason or felony, and involved the forfeiture of all the real and personal property of the condemned person, and such "corruption of blood" that he could neither receive nor transmit by inheritance, nor could he sue or testify in any court, or claim any legal protection or rights. In England <i>attainders</i> are now abolished, and in the United States the Constitution provides that no bill of attainder shall be passed; and no attainder of treason (in consequence of a judicial sentence) shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stain or staining; state of being in dishonor or condemnation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He lived from all <b>attainder</b> of suspect.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bill of attainder</col>, <cd>a bill brought into, or passed by, a legislative body, condemning a person to death or outlawry, and attainder, without judicial sentence.</cd></cs>

<h1>Attainment</h1>
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<hw>At*tain"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of attaining; the act of arriving at or reaching; hence, the act of obtaining by efforts.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>attainment</b> of every desired object.
<i>Sir W. Jones.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is attained to, or obtained by exertion; acquirement; acquisition; <plu>(pl.)</plu>, mental acquirements; knowledge; <as>as, literary and scientific <ex>attainments</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Attaint</h1>
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<hw>At*taint"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attainted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attainting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>atteynten</ets> to convict, fr. <ets>atteynt</ets>, OF. <ets>ateint</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ateindre</ets>, <ets>ataindre</ets>. The meanings 3, 4, 5, and 6 were influenced by a supposed connection with <ets>taint</ets>. See <er>Attain</er>, <er>Attainder</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To attain; to get act; to hit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>To find guilty; to convict; -- said esp. of a jury on trial for giving a false verdict.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Upon sufficient proof <b>attainted</b> of some open act by men of his own condition.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To subject (a person) to the legal condition formerly resulting from a sentence of death or outlawry, pronounced in respect of treason or felony; to affect by attainder.</def>

<blockquote>No person shall be <b>attainted</b> of high treason where corruption of blood is incurred, but by the oath of two witnesses.
<i>Stat. 7 & 8 Wm. III.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To accuse; to charge with a crime or a dishonorable act.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To affect or infect, as with physical or mental disease or with moral contagion; to taint or corrupt.</def>

<blockquote>My tender youth was never yet <b>attaint</b>
With any passion of inflaming love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To stain; to obscure; to sully; to disgrace; to cloud with infamy.</def>

<blockquote>For so exceeding shone his glistring ray,
That Ph<?/bus' golden face it did <b>attaint</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lest she with blame her honor should <b>attaint</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attaint</h1>
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<hw>At*taint"</hw>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Attainted; corrupted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Attaint</h1>
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<hw>At*taint"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>attainte</ets>. See <er>Attaint</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A touch or hit.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A blow or wound on the leg of a horse, made by overreaching.</def>

<i>White.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ which lies after judgment, to inquire whether a jury has given a false verdict in any court of record; also, the convicting of the jury so tried.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A stain or taint; disgrace. See <er>Taint</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An infecting influence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Attaintment</h1>
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<hw>At*taint"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Attainder; attainture; conviction.</def>

<h1>Attainture</h1>
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<hw>At*tain"ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Attainder; disgrace.</def>

<h1>Attal</h1>
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<hw>At"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Attle</er>.</def>

<h1>Attame</h1>
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<hw>At*tame"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>atamer</ets>, from Latin. See <er>Attaminate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pierce; to attack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To broach; to begin.</def>

<blockquote>And right anon his tale he hath <b>attamed</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attaminate</h1>
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<hw>At*tam"i*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attaminare</ets>; <ets>ad</ets> + root of <ets>tangere</ets>. See <er>Contaminate</er>.]</ety> <def>To corrupt; to defile; to contaminate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Attar</h1>
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<hw>At"tar</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>'atar</ets> perfume, essence, Ar. <ets>'itr</ets>, fr. <ets>'atara</ets> to smell sweet. Cf. <er>Otto</er>.]</ety> <def>A fragrant essential oil; esp., a volatile and highly fragrant essential oil obtained from the petals of roses.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>otto</asp> and <asp>ottar</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Attask</h1>
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<hw>At*task"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>task</ets>.]</ety> <def>To take to task; to blame.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Attaste</h1>
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<hw>At*taste</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>taste</ets>.]</ety> <def>To taste or cause to taste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Atte</h1>
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<hw>At"te</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>At the.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Attemper</h1>
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<hw>At*tem"per</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attempered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attempering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>atemprer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>attemperare</ets>; <ets>ad + temperare</ets> to soften, temper. See <er>Temper</er>, and cf. <er>Attemperate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce, modify, or moderate, by mixture; to temper; to regulate, as temperature.</def>

<blockquote>If sweet with bitter . . . were not <b>attempered</b> still.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To soften, mollify, or moderate; to soothe; to temper; <as>as, to <ex>attemper</ex> rigid justice with clemency</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To mix in just proportion; to regulate; <as>as, a mind well <ex>attempered</ex> with kindness and justice</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To accommodate; to make suitable; to adapt.</def>

<blockquote>Arts . . . <b>attempered</b> to the lyre.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word is now not much used, the verb <i>temper</i> taking its place.</note>

<h1>Attemperament</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tem"per*a*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>attemprement</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tempering, or mixing in due proportion.</def>

<h1>Attemperance</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tem"per*ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>atemprance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Temperance; attemperament.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Attemperate</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tem"per*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attemperatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>attemperare</ets>. See <er>Attemper</er>.]</ety> <def>Tempered; proportioned; properly adapted.</def>

<blockquote>Hope must be . . . <b>attemperate</b> to the promise.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attemperate</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tem"per*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To attemper.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Attemperation</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tem`per*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of attempering or regulating.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Attemperly</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tem"per*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Temperately.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Attemperment</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tem"per*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Attemperament.</def>

<h1>Attempt</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tempt"</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attempted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attempting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>atenter</ets>, also spelt <ets>atempter</ets>, F. <ets>attenter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>attentare</ets> to attempt; <ets>ad + tentare</ets>, <ets>temptare</ets>, to touch, try, v. intens. of <ets>tendere</ets> to stretch. See <er>Tempt</er>, and cf. <er>Attend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make trial or experiment of; to try; to endeavor to do or perform (some action); to assay; <as>as, to <ex>attempt</ex> to sing; to <ex>attempt</ex> a bold flight.</as></def>

<blockquote>Something <b>attempted</b>, something done,
Has earned a night's repose.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To try to move, by entreaty, by afflictions, or by temptations; to tempt.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>It made the laughter of an afternoon
That Vivien should <b>attempt</b> the blameless king.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To try to win, subdue, or overcome; <as>as, one who <ex>attempts</ex> the virtue of a woman</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Dear sir, of force I must <b>attempt</b> you further:

Take some remembrance of us, as a tribute.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To attack; to make an effort or attack upon; to try to take by force; <as>as, to <ex>attempt</ex> the enemy's camp</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Without <b>attempting</b> his adversary's life.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Try</er>.</syn>

<h1>Attempt</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tempt"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make an attempt; -- with <i>upon</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Attempt</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tempt"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A essay, trial, or endeavor; an undertaking; an attack, or an effort to gain a point; esp. an unsuccessful, as contrasted with a successful, effort.</def>

<blockquote>By his blindness maimed for high <b>attempts</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Attempt to commit a crime</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>such an intentional preparatory act as will apparently result, if not extrinsically hindered, in a crime which it was designed to effect.</cd></cs>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Attempt</er>, <er>Endeavor</er>, <er>Effort</er>, <er>Exertion</er>, <er>Trial</er></syn>. <usage>These words agree in the idea of calling forth our powers into action. <i>Trial</i> is the generic term; it denotes a putting forth of one's powers with a view to determine what they can accomplish; <as>as, to make <ex>trial</ex> of one's strength</as>. An <i>attempt</i> is always directed to some definite and specific object; <as>as, "The <ex>attempt</ex>, and not the deed, confounds us</as>." <i>Shak</i>. An <i>endeavor</i> is a continued attempt; <as>as, "His high <ex>endeavor</ex> and his glad success</as>." <i>Cowper</i>. <i>Effort</i> is a specific putting forth of strength in order to carry out an attempt. <i>Exertion</i> is the putting forth or active exercise of any faculty or power. "It admits of all degrees of effort and even natural action without effort." <i>C. J. Smith</i>. See <er>Try</er>.</usage>

<h1>Attemptable</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tempt"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being attempted, tried, or attacked.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Attempter</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tempt"er</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who attempts; one who essays anything.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An assailant; also, a temper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Attemptive</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tempt"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disposed to attempt; adventurous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Attend</h1>
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<hw>At*tend"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>atenden</ets>, OF. <ets>atendre</ets>, F. <ets>attendre</ets>, to expect, to wait, fr. L. <ets>attendre</ets> to stretch, (sc. <ets>animum</ets>), to apply the mind to; <ets>ad + tendere</ets> to stretch. See <er>Tend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To direct the attention to; to fix the mind upon; to give heed to; to regard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The diligent pilot in a dangerous tempest doth not <b>attend</b> the unskillful words of the passenger.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To care for; to look after; to take charge of; to watch over.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To go or stay with, as a companion, nurse, or servant; to visit professionally, as a physician; to accompany or follow in order to do service; to escort; to wait on; to serve.</def>

<blockquote>The fifth had charge sick persons to <b>attend</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Attends</b> the emperor in his royal court.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With a sore heart and a gloomy brow, he prepared to <b>attend</b> William thither.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be present with; to accompany; to be united or consequent to; <as>as, a measure <ex>attended</ex> with ill effects</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What cares must then <b>attend</b> the toiling swain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To be present at; <as>as, to <ex>attend</ex> church, school, a concert, a business meeting</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To wait for; to await; to remain, abide, or be in store for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The state that <b>attends</b> all men after this.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Three days I promised to <b>attend</b> my doom.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Attend</er>, <er>Mind</er>, <er>Regard</er>, <er>Heed</er>, <er>Notice</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Attend</i> is generic, the rest are specific terms. To <i>mind</i> is to attend so that it may not be forgotten; to <i>regard</i> is to look on a thing as of importance; to <i>heed</i> is to ~ to a thing from a principle of caution; to <i>notice</i> is to think on that which strikes the senses. <i>Crabb</i>. See <er>Accompany</er>.</usage>

<h1>Attend</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tend"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To apply the mind, or pay attention, with a view to perceive, understand, or comply; to pay regard; to heed; to listen; -- usually followed by <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Attend</b> to the voice of my supplications.
<i>Ps. lxxxvi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Man can not at the same time <b>attend</b> to two objects.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To accompany or be present or near at hand, in pursuance of duty; to be ready for service; to wait or be in waiting; -- often followed by <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He was required to <b>attend</b> upon the committee.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>(with <i>to</i>) To take charge of; to look after; <as>as, to <ex>attend</ex> to a matter of business</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To wait; to stay; to delay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For this perfection she must yet <b>attend</b>,
Till to her Maker she espoused be.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Attend</er>, <er>Listen</er>, <er>Hearken</er>.</syn> <usage> We <i>attend</i> with a view to hear and learn; we <i>listen</i> with fixed attention, in order to hear correctly, or to consider what has been said; we <i>hearken</i> when we listen with a willing mind, and in reference to obeying.</usage>

<h1>Attendance</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tend"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>attendance</ets>, OF. <ets>atendance</ets>, fr. <ets>atendre</ets>, F. <ets>attendre</ets>. See <er>Attend</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Attention; regard; careful application.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Till I come, give <b>attendance</b> to reading.
<i>1 Tim. iv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of attending; state of being in waiting; service; ministry; the fact of being present; presence.</def>

<blockquote>Constant <b>attendance</b> at church three times a day.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Waiting for; expectation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Languishing <b>attendance</b> and expectation of death.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The persons attending; a retinue; attendants.</def>

<blockquote>If your stray <b>attendance</b> by yet lodged.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attendancy</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tend"an*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of attending or accompanying; attendance; an attendant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Attendant</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tend"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>attendant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>attendre</ets>. See <er>Attend</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being present, or in the train; accompanying; in waiting.</def>

<blockquote>From the <b>attendant</b> flotilla rang notes triumph.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cherub and Seraph . . . <b>attendant</b> on their Lord.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Accompanying, connected with, or immediately following, as consequential; consequent; <as>as, intemperance with all its <ex>attendant</ex> evils</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The natural melancholy <b>attendant</b> upon his situation added to the gloom of the owner of the mansion.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Depending on, or owing duty or service to; <as>as, the widow <ex>attendant</ex> to the heir</as>.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<cs><col>Attendant keys</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the keys or scales most nearly related to, or having most in common with, the principal key; those, namely, of its fifth above, or dominant, its fifth below (fourth above), or subdominant, and its relative minor or major.</cd></cs>

<h1>Attendant</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tend"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who attends or accompanies in any character whatever, as a friend, companion, servant, agent, or suitor.</def> "A train of <i>attendants</i>."

<i>Hallam.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is present and takes part in the proceedings; <as>as, an <ex>attendant</ex> at a meeting</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which accompanies; a concomitant.</def>

<blockquote>[A] sense of fame, the <b>attendant</b> of noble spirits.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who owes duty or service to, or depends on, another.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Attendement</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tend"e*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Intent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Attender</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tend"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, attends.</def>

<h1>Attendment</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tend"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>atendement</ets>.]</ety> <def>An attendant circumstance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The uncomfortable <b>attendments</b> of hell.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attent</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tent"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attentus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>attendere</ets>. See <er>Attend</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Attentive; heedful.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Let thine ears be <b>attent</b> unto the prayer.
<i>2 Chron. vi. 40.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attent</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*tent"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Attention; heed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Attentate, Attentat</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw><hw>At*ten"tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>At*ten"tat</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attentatum</ets>, pl. <ets>attentata</ets>, fr. <ets>attentare</ets> to attempt: cf. F. <ets>attentat</ets> criminal attempt. See <er>Attempt</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An attempt; an assault.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A proceeding in a court of judicature, after an inhibition is decreed.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any step wrongly innovated or attempted in a suit by an inferior judge.</def>

<h1>Attention</h1>
<Xpage=98>

<hw>At*ten"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attentio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>attention</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of attending or heeding; the application of the mind to any object of sense, representation, or thought; notice; exclusive or special consideration; earnest consideration, thought, or regard; obedient or affectionate heed; the supposed power or faculty of attending.</def>

<-- p. 99  -->

<blockquote>They say the tongues of dying men
Enforce <b>attention</b> like deep harmony.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Attention</i> is consciousness and something more. It is consciousness voluntarily applied, under its law of limitations, to some determinate object; it is consciousness concentrated.</note>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An act of civility or courtesy; care for the comfort and pleasure of others; <as>as, <ex>attentions</ex> paid to a stranger</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To pay attention to</col>, <col>To pay one's attentions to</col></mcol>, <cd>to be courteous or attentive to; to wait upon as a lover; to court.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Care; heed; study; consideration; application; advertence; respect; regard.</syn>

<h1>Attentive</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At*ten"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>attentif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Heedful; intent; observant; regarding with care or attention.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Attentive</i> is applied to the senses of hearing and seeing, as, an <i>attentive</i> ear or eye; to the application of the mind, as in contemplation; or to the application of the mind, in every possible sense, as when a person is <i>attentive</i> to the words, and to the manner and matter, of a speaker at the same time.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Heedful of the comfort of others; courteous.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Heedful; intent; observant; mindful; regardful; circumspect; watchful.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>At*ten"tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>At*ten"tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Attently</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At*tent"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Attentively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Attenuant</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At*ten"u*ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attenuans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>attenuare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>att\'82nuant</ets>. See <er>Attenuate</er>.]</ety> <def>Making thin, as fluids; diluting; rendering less dense and viscid; diluent.</def>  -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine that thins or dilutes the fluids; a diluent.</def></wordforms>

<h1>Attenuate</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At*ten"u*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attenuated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attenuating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>attenuatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>attenuare</ets>; <ets>ad + tenuare</ets> to make thin, <ets>tenuis</ets> thin. See <er>Thin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make thin or slender, as by mechanical or chemical action upon inanimate objects, or by the effects of starvation, disease, etc., upon living bodies.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make thin or less consistent; to render less viscid or dense; to rarefy. Specifically: To subtilize, as the humors of the body, or to break them into finer parts.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lessen the amount, force, or value of; to make less complex; to weaken.</def>

<blockquote>To undersell our rivals . . . has led the manufacturer to . . . <b>attenuate</b> his processes, in the allotment of tasks, to an extreme point.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We may reject and reject till we <b>attenuate</b> history into sapless meagerness.
<i>Sir F. Palgrave.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attenuate</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At*ten"u*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become thin, slender, or fine; to grow less; to lessen.</def>

<blockquote>The attention <b>attenuates</b> as its sphere contracts.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attenuate, Attenuated</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw><hw>At*ten"u*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>At*ten"u*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attenuatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made thin or slender.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Made thin or less viscid; rarefied.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Attenuation</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At*ten`u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attenuatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>att\'82nuation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of making slender, or the state of being slender; emaciation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of attenuating; the act of making thin or less dense, or of rarefying, as fluids or gases.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The process of weakening in intensity; diminution of virulence; <as>as, the <ex>attenuation</ex> of virus</as>.</def>

<h1>Atter</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At"ter</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'d6tter</ets>.]</ety> <def>Poison; venom; corrupt matter from a sore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Attercop</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At"ter*cop</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>attercoppa</ets> a spider; <ets>\'d6tter</ets> poison + <ets>coppa</ets> head, cup.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A spider.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A peevish, ill-natured person.</def> <mark>[North of Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Atterrate</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At*ter*rate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>atterrare</ets> (cf. LL. <ets>atterrare</ets> to cast to earth); L. <ets>ad + terra</ets> earth, land.]</ety> <def>To fill up with alluvial earth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Atterration</h1>
<Xpage=99>

<hw>At`ter*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of filling up with earth, or of forming land with alluvial earth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Attest</h1>
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<hw>At"test"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attested</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attesting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>attestari</ets>; <ets>ad + testari</ets> to bear witness: cf. F. <ets>attester</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bear witness to; to certify; to affirm to be true or genuine; <as>as, to <ex>attest</ex> the truth of a writing, a copy of record</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Facts . . . <b>attested</b> by particular pagan authors.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give proof of; to manifest; <as>as, the ruins of Palmyra <ex>attest</ex> its ancient magnificence</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To call to witness; to invoke.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The sacred streams which Heaven's imperial state
<b>Attests</b> in oaths, and fears to violate.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attest</h1>
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<hw>At*test"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Witness; testimony; attestation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>attest</b> of eyes and ears.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attestation</h1>
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<hw>At`tes*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attestatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>attestation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of attesting; testimony; witness; a solemn or official declaration, verbal or written, in support of a fact; evidence. The truth appears from the <i>attestation</i> of witnesses, or of the proper officer. The subscription of a name to a writing as a witness, is an <i>attestation</i>.</def>

<h1>Attestative</h1>
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<hw>At*test"a*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of attestation.</def>

<h1>Attester, Attestor</h1>
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<hw><hw>At*test"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>At*test"or</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who attests.</def>

<h1>Attestive</h1>
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<hw>At*test"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Attesting; furnishing evidence.</def>

<h1>Attic</h1>
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<hw>At"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Atticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Attica, in Greece, or to Athens, its principal city; marked by such qualities as were characteristic of the Athenians; classical; refined.</def>

<cs><col>Attic base</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a peculiar form of molded base for a column or pilaster, described by Vitruvius, applied under the Roman Empire to the Ionic and Corinthian and "Roman Doric" orders, and imitated by the architects of the Renaissance.</cd> -- <col>Attic faith</col>, <cd>inviolable faith.</cd> -- <col>Attic purity</col>, <cd>special purity of language.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Attic salt</col>, <col>Attic wit</col></mcol>, <cd>a poignant, delicate wit, peculiar to the Athenians.</cd> -- <col>Attic story</col>. <cd>See <er>Attic</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Attic style</col>, <cd>a style pure and elegant.</cd></cs>

<h1>Attic</h1>
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<hw>At"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[In sense (<ets>a</ets>) from F. <ets>attique</ets>, orig. meaning Attic. See <er>Attic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A low story above the main order or orders of a facade, in the classical styles; -- a term introduced in the 17th century. Hence:</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A room or rooms behind that part of the exterior; all the rooms immediately below the roof.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An Athenian; an Athenian author.</def>

<h1>Attical</h1>
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<hw>At"tic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Attic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Atticism</h1>
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<hw>At"ti*cism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A favoring of, or attachment to, the Athenians.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The style and idiom of the Greek language, used by the Athenians; a concise and elegant expression.</def>

<h1>Atticize</h1>
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<hw>At"ti*cize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To conform or make conformable to the language, customs, etc., of Attica.</def>

<h1>Atticize</h1>
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<hw>At"ti*cize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To side with the Athenians.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To use the Attic idiom or style; to conform to the customs or modes of thought of the Athenians.</def>

<h1>Attiguous</h1>
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<hw>At*tig"u*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attiguus</ets>, fr. <ets>attingere</ets> to touch. See <er>Attain</er>.]</ety> <def>Touching; bordering; contiguous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

-- <wordforms><wf>At*tig"u*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Attinge</h1>
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<hw>At*tinge"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attingere</ets> to touch. See <er>Attain</er>.]</ety> <def>To touch lightly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Coles.</i>

<h1>Attire</h1>
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<hw>At*tire"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attired</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attiring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>atiren</ets> to array, dispose, arrange, OF. <ets>atirier</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + F. <ets>tire</ets> rank, order, row; of Ger. origin: cf. As. <ets>tier</ets> row, OHG. <ets>ziar\'c6</ets>, G. <ets>zier</ets>, ornament, <ets>zieren</ets> to adorn. Cf. <er>Tire</er> a headdress.]</ety> <def>To dress; to array; to adorn; esp., to clothe with elegant or splendid garments.</def>

<blockquote>Finely <b>attired</b> in a robe of white.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With the linen miter shall he be <b>attired</b>.
<i>Lev. xvi. 4.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attire</h1>
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<hw>At*tire"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dress; clothes; headdress; anything which dresses or adorns; esp., ornamental clothing.</def>

<blockquote>Earth in her rich <b>attire</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I 'll put myself in poor and mean <b>attire</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Can a maid forget her ornament, or a bride her <b>attire</b>?
<i>Jer. ii. 32.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The antlers, or antlers and scalp, of a stag or buck.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The internal parts of a flower, included within the calyx and the corolla.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Attired</h1>
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<hw>At*tired"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Provided with antlers, as a stag.</def>

<h1>Attirement</h1>
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<hw>At*tire"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Attire; adornment.</def>

<h1>Attirer</h1>
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<hw>At*tir"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who attires.</def>

<h1>Attitude</h1>
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<hw>At"ti*tude</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>attitudine</ets>, LL. <ets>aptitudo</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aptus</ets> suited, fitted: cf. F. <ets>attitude</ets>. Cf. <er>Aptitude</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Paint. & <i>Sculp</i>.)</fld> <def>The posture, action, or disposition of a figure or a statue.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The posture or position of a person or an animal, or the manner in which the parts of his body are disposed; position assumed or studied to serve a purpose; <as>as, a threatening <ex>attitude</ex>; an <ex>attitude</ex> of entreaty.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: Position as indicating action, feeling, or mood; <as>as, in times of trouble let a nation preserve a firm <ex>attitude</ex>; one's mental <ex>attitude</ex> in respect to religion.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>attitude</b> of the country was rapidly changing.
<i>J. R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To strike an attitude</col>, <cd>to take an attitude for mere effect.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Attitude</er>, <er>Posture</er>.</syn> <usage> Both of these words describe the visible disposition of the limbs. <i>Posture</i> relates to their position merely; <i>attitude</i> refers to their fitness for some specific object. The object of an <i>attitude</i> is to set forth exhibit some internal feeling; <as>as, <ex>attitude</ex> of wonder, of admiration, of grief, etc.</as>  It is, therefore, essentially and designedly <i>expressive</i>. Its object is the same with that of gesture; viz., to hold forth and represent. <i>Posture</i> has no such design. If we speak of <i>posture</i> in prayer, or the <i>posture</i> of devotion, it is only the natural disposition of the limbs, without any intention to show forth or exhibit.</usage>

<blockquote>'T is business of a painter in his choice of <b>attitudes</b> (<b>positur\'91</b>) to foresee the effect and harmony of the lights and shadows.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Never to keep the body in the same <b>posture</b> half an hour at a time.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attitudinal</h1>
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<hw>At`ti*tu"di*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to attitude.</def>

<h1>Attitudinarian</h1>
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<hw>At`ti*tu`di*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who attitudinizes; a posture maker.</def>

<h1>Attitudinarianism</h1>
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<hw>At`ti*tu`di*na"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A practicing of attitudes; posture making.</def>

<h1>Attitudinize</h1>
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<hw>At`ti*tu"di*nize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To assume affected attitudes; to strike an attitude; to pose.</def>

<blockquote>Maria, who is the most picturesque figure, was put to <b>attitudinize</b> at the harp.
<i>Hannah More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attitudinizer</h1>
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<hw>At`ti*tu"di*ni`zer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <def>One who practices attitudes.</def>

<h1>Attle</h1>
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<hw>At"tle</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Addle</er> mire.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Rubbish or refuse consisting of broken rock containing little or no ore.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Attollent</h1>
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<hw>At*tol"lent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attollens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>attollere</ets>; <ets>ad + tollere</ets> to lift.]</ety> <def>Lifting up; raising; <as>as, an <ex>attollent</ex> muscle</as>.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Attonce</h1>
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<hw>At*tonce"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>At</ets> + <ets>once</ets>.]</ety> <def>At once; together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Attone</h1>
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<hw>At*tone"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>See <er>At one</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Attorn</h1>
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<hw>At*torn"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>atorner</ets>, <ets>aturner</ets>, <ets>atourner</ets>, to direct, prepare, dispose, attorn (cf. OE. <ets>atornen</ets> to return, adorn); <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>torner</ets> to turn; cf. LL. <ets>attornare</ets> to commit business to another, to attorn; <ets>ad + tornare</ets> to turn, L. <ets>tornare</ets> to turn in a lathe, to round off. See <er>Turn</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>To turn, or transfer homage and service, from one lord to another. This is the act of feudatories, vassals, or tenants, upon the alienation of the estate.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Modern Law)</fld> <def>To agree to become tenant to one to whom reversion has been granted.</def>

<h1>Attorney</h1>
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<hw>At*tor"ney</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Attorneys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt><plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>aturneye</ets>, OF. <ets>atorn\'82</ets>, p. p. of <ets>atorner</ets>: cf. LL. <ets>atturnatus</ets>, <ets>attornatus</ets>, fr. <ets>attornare</ets>. See <er>Attorn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A substitute; a proxy; an agent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And will have no <b>attorney</b> but myself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who is legally appointed by another to transact any business for him; an <i>attorney in fact</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in legal proceedings; an <i>attorney at law</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; An attorney is either <i>public</i> or <i>private</i>. A <i>private attorney</i>, or an <i>attorney in fact</i>, is a person appointed by another, by a letter or power of attorney, to transact any business for him out of court; but in a more extended sense, this class includes any agent employed in any business, or to do any act <i>in pais</i>, for another. A <i>public attorney</i>, or <i>attorney at law</i>, is a practitioner in a court of law, legally qualified to prosecute and defend actions in such court, on the retainer of clients. <i>Bouvier</i>. -- The attorney at law answers to the <i>procurator</i> of the civilians, to the <i>solicitor</i> in chancery, and to the <i>proctor</i> in the ecclesiastical and admiralty courts, and all of these are comprehended under the more general term <i>lawyer</i>. In Great Britain and in some states of the United States, attorneys are distinguished from counselors in that the business of the former is to carry on the practical and formal parts of the suit. In many states of the United States however, no such distinction exists. In England, since 1873, attorneys at law are by statute called <i>solicitors</i>.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>A power</col>, <col>letter</col>, or <col>warrant</col>, <col>of attorney</col></mcol>, <cd>a written authority from one person empowering another to transact business for him.</cd></cs>

<h1>Attorney</h1>
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<hw>At*tor"ney</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To perform by proxy; to employ as a proxy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Attorney-general</h1>
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<hw>At*tor"ney-gen"er*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>(pl. Attorney-generals or Attorneys-general)</plu>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The chief law officer of the state, empowered to act in all litigation in which the law-executing power is a party, and to advise this supreme executive whenever required.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Attorneyism</h1>
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<hw>At*tor"ney*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice or peculiar cleverness of attorneys.</def>

<h1>Attorneyship</h1>
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<hw>At*tor"ney*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or profession of an attorney; agency for another.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Attornment</h1>
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<hw>At*torn"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>attornement</ets>, LL. <ets>attornamentum</ets>. See <er>Attorn</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act of a feudatory, vassal, or tenant, by which he consents, upon the alienation of an estate, to receive a new lord or superior, and transfers to him his homage and service; the agreement of a tenant to acknowledge the purchaser of the estate as his landlord.</def>

<i>Burrill. Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Attract</h1>
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<hw>At*tract"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Attracted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Attracting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>attractus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>attrahere</ets>; <ets>ad + trahere</ets> to draw. See <er>Trace</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw to, or cause to tend to; esp. to cause to approach, adhere, or combine; or to cause to resist divulsion, separation, or decomposition.</def>

<blockquote>All bodies and all parts of bodies mutually <b>attract</b> themselves and one another.
<i>Derham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw by influence of a moral or emotional kind; to engage or fix, as the mind, attention, etc.; to invite or allure; <as>as, to <ex>attract</ex> admirers</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Attracted</b> by thy beauty still to gaze.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To draw; allure; invite; entice; influence.</syn>

<h1>Attract</h1>
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<hw>At*tract"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Attraction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Attractability</h1>
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<hw>At*tract`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or fact of being attractable.</def>

<i>Sir W. Jones.</i>

<h1>Attractable</h1>
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<hw>At*tract"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being attracted; subject to attraction.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>At*tract"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Attracter</h1>
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<hw>At*tract"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, attracts.</def>

<h1>Attractile</h1>
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<hw>At*tract"ile</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power to attract.</def>

<h1>Attracting</h1>
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<hw>At*tract"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That attracts.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>At*tract"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Attraction</h1>
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<hw>At*trac"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attractio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>attraction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An invisible power in a body by which it draws anything to itself; the power in nature acting mutually between bodies or ultimate particles, tending to draw them together, or to produce their cohesion or combination, and conversely resisting separation.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Attraction</i> is exerted at both <i>sensible</i> and <i>insensible</i> distances, and is variously denominated according to its qualities or phenomena. Under attraction at <i>sensible</i> distances, there are, --

<subtypes>(1.) <col>Attraction of gravitation</col>, which acts at all distances throughout the universe, with a force proportional directly to the product of the masses of the bodies and inversely to the square of their distances apart.

(2.) <mcol><col>Magnetic</col>, <col>diamagnetic</col>, and <col>electrical attraction</col></mcol>, each of which is limited in its sensible range and is polar in its action, a property dependent on the <i>quality</i> or <i>condition</i> of matter, and not on its quantity.

Under attraction at <i>insensible</i> distances, there are, --

(1.) <col>Adhesive attraction</col>, attraction between surfaces of sensible extent, or by the medium of an intervening substance.

(2.) <col>Cohesive attraction</col>, attraction between ultimate particles, whether like or unlike, and causing simply an aggregation or a union of those particles, as in the absorption of gases by charcoal, or of oxygen by spongy platinum, or the process of solidification or crystallization. The power in adhesive attraction is strictly the same as that of cohesion.

(3.) <col>Capillary attraction</col>, attraction causing a liquid to rise, in capillary tubes or interstices, above its level outside, as in very small glass tubes, or a sponge, or any porous substance, when one end is inserted in the liquid. It is a special case of cohesive attraction.

(4.) <col>Chemical attraction</col>, or <col>affinity</col>, that peculiar force which causes elementary atoms, or groups of atoms, to unite to form molecules.</subtypes>
</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or property of attracting; the effect of the power or operation of attraction.</def>

<i>Newton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The power or act of alluring, drawing to, inviting, or engaging; an attractive quality; <as>as, the <ex>attraction</ex> of beauty or eloquence</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which attracts; an attractive object or feature.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Allurement; enticement; charm.</syn>

<h1>Attractive</h1>
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<hw>At*tract"ive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>attractif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the power or quality of attracting or drawing; <as>as, the <ex>attractive</ex> force of bodies</as>.</def>

<i>Sir I. Newton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attracting or drawing by moral influence or pleasurable emotion; alluring; inviting; pleasing.</def> "<i>Attractive</i> graces." <i>Milton</i>. "<i>Attractive</i> eyes."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<blockquote>Flowers of a livid yellow, or fleshy color, are most <b>attractive</b> to flies.
<i>Lubbock.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>At*tract"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>At*tract"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Attractive</h1>
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<hw>At*tract"ive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which attracts or draws; an attraction; an allurement.</def>

<blockquote>Speaks nothing but <b>attractives</b> and invitation.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 100  -->

<-- p. 100  -->

<h1>Attractivity</h1>
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<hw>At`trac*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or degree of attractive power.</def>

<h1>Attractor</h1>
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<hw>At*tract"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, attracts.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne</i>

<h1>Attrahent</h1>
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<hw>At"tra*hent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attrahens</ets>, <tt>p. pr.</tt> of <ets>attrahere</ets>. See <wf>Attract</wf>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Attracting; drawing; attractive.</def>

<h1>Attrahent</h1>
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<hw>At"tra*hent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which attracts, as a magnet.</def>

<blockquote>The motion of the steel to its <b>attrahent</b>.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A substance which, by irritating the surface, excites action in the part to which it is applied, as a blister, an epispastic, a sinapism.</def>

<h1>Attrap</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>At*trap"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>attraper</ets> to catch; \'85 (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>trappe</ets> trap. See <wf>Trap</wf> (for taking game).]</ety> <def>To entrap; to insnare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Grafton.</i>

<h1>Attrap</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>At*trap"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad + trap</ets> to adorn.]</ety> <def>To adorn with trapping; to array.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Shall your horse be <b>attrapped</b> . . . more richly?
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attrectation</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>At`trec*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attrectatio</ets>; <ets>ad + tractare</ets> to handle.]</ety> <def>Frequent handling or touching.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Attributable</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>At*trib"u*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being attributed; ascribable; imputable.</def>

<blockquote>Errors . . . <b>attributable</b> to carelessness.
<i>J. D. Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Attribute</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>At*trib"ute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <wf>Attributed</wf>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <wf>Attributing</wf>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>attributus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>attribuere</ets>; <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>tribuere</ets> to bestow.  See <wf>Tribute</wf>.]</ety> <def>To ascribe; to consider (something) as due or appropriate (<i>to</i>); to refer, as an effect to a cause; to impute; to assign; to consider as belonging (<i>to</i>).</def>

<blockquote>We <b>attribute</b> nothing to God that hath any repugnancy or contradiction in it.
<i>Abp. Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The merit of service is seldom <b>attributed</b> to the true and exact performer.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <wf>Ascribe</wf>.</syn>

<h1>Attribute</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>At"tri*bute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attributum</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is attributed; a quality which is considered as belonging to, or inherent in, a person or thing; an essential or necessary property or characteristic.</def>

<blockquote>But mercy is above this sceptered away; . . .
It is an <b>attribute</b> to God himself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reputation.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Paint. & Sculp.)</fld> <def>A conventional symbol of office, character, or identity, added to any particular figure; <as>as, a club is the <ex>attribute</ex> of Hercules</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Quality, etc., denoted by an attributive; an attributive adjunct or adjective.</def>

<h1>Attribution</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>At`tri*bu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attributio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>attribution</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of attributing or ascribing, as a quality, character, or function, to a thing or person, an effect to a cause.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is ascribed or attributed.</def>

<h1>Attributive</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>At*trib"u*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>attributif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Attributing; pertaining to, expressing, or assigning an attribute; of the nature of an attribute.</def>

<h1>Attributive</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>At*trib"u*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>, <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word that denotes an attribute; esp. a modifying word joined to a noun; an adjective or adjective phrase.</def>

<h1>Attributively</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>At*trib"u*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an attributive manner.</def>

<h1>Attrite</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>At*trite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attritus</ets>, <ets>p. p. of atterere</ets>; <ets>ad + terere</ets> to rub. See <wf>Trite</wf>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rubbed; worn by friction.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Repentant from fear of punishment; having attrition of grief for sin; -- opposed to <i>contrite</i>.</def>

<h1>Attrition</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>At*tri"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>attritio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>attrition</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of rubbing together; friction; the act of wearing by friction, or by rubbing substances together; abrasion.</def>

<blockquote>Effected by <b>attrition</b> of the inward stomach.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being worn.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Grief for sin arising only from fear of punishment or feelings of shame. See <wf>Contrition</wf>.</def>

<i>Wallis.</i>

<h1>Attry</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>At"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <wf>Atter</wf>.]</ety> <def>Poisonous; malignant; malicious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Attune</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>At*tune"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <wf>Attuned</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <wf>Attuning</wf>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>tune</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To tune or put in tune; to make melodious; to adjust, as one sound or musical instrument to another; <as>as, to <ex>attune</ex> the voice to a harp</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To arrange fitly; to make accordant.</def>

<blockquote>Wake to energy each social aim,
<b>Attuned</b> spontaneous to the will of Jove.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Atwain</h1>
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<hw>A*twain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>atwaine</ets>, <ets>atwinne</ets>; pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>twain</ets>.]</ety> <def>In twain; asunder.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark> "Cuts <i>atwain</i> the knots."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Atween</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>A*tween"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. or prep</tt>. <ety>[See <wf>Atwain</wf>, and cf. <wf>Between</wf>.]</ety> <def>Between.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Spenser. Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Atwirl</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>A*twirl"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>twist</ets>.]</ety> <def>Twisted; distorted; awry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Atwite</h1>
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<hw>A*twite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>attwyten</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91tw\'c6tan</ets>. See <er>Twit</er>.]</ety> <def>To speak reproachfully of; to twit; to upbraid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Atwixt</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>A*twixt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Betwixt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Spenser</i>.

<h1>Atwo</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>A*two"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>two</ets>.]</ety> <def>In two; in twain; asunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Atypic, Atypical</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw><hw>A*typ"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>A*typ"ic*al</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>typic</ets>, <ets>typical</ets>.]</ety> <def>That has no type; devoid of typical character; irregular; unlike the type.</def>

<h1>Aubade</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au`bade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>aube</ets> the dawn, fr. L. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <def>An open air concert in the morning, as distinguished from an evening serenade; also, a pianoforte composition suggestive of morning.</def>

<i>Grove.</i>

<blockquote>The crowing cock . . .
Sang his <b>aubade</b> with lusty voice and clear.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aubaine</h1>
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<hw>Au`baine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>aubain</ets> an alien, fr. L. <ets>alibi</ets> elsewhere.]</ety> <def>Succession to the goods of a stranger not naturalized.</def>

<i>Littr\'82.</i>

<cs><col>Droit d'aubaine</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <cd>the right, formerly possessed by the king of France, to all the personal property of which an alien died possessed. It was abolished in 1819.</cd></cs>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Aube</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Aube</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ale</er>.]</ety> <def>An alb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Auberge</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au`berge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>An inn.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Aubin</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A broken gait of a horse, between an amble and a gallop; -- commonly called a <altname>Canterbury gallop</altname>.</def>

<h1>Auburn</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"burn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>auburne</ets> blonde, OF. <ets>alborne</ets>, <ets>auborne</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>alburnus</ets> whitish, fr. L. <ets>albus</ets> white. Cf. <er>Alburn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Flaxen-colored.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Florio.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reddish brown.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>auburn</b> locks on either shoulder flowed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Auchenium</h1>
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<hw>Au*che"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ the neck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The part of the neck nearest the back.</def>

<h1>Auctary</h1>
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<hw>Auc"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auctarium</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which is superadded; augmentation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Baxter.</i>

<h1>Auction</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Auc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auctio</ets> an increasing, a public sale, where the price was called out, and the article to be sold was adjudged to the last increaser of the price, or the highest bidder, fr. L. <ets>augere</ets>, <ets>auctum</ets>, to increase. See <er>Augment</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A public sale of property to the highest bidder, esp. by a person licensed and authorized for the purpose; a vendue.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The things sold by auction or put up to auction.</def>

<blockquote>Ask you why Phryne the whole <b>auction</b> buys ?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In the United States, the more prevalent expression has been "sales <i>at</i> auction," that is, by an <i>increase</i> of bids (Lat. <i>auctione</i>). This latter form is preferable.</note>

<cs><col>Dutch auction</col>, <cd>the public offer of property at a price beyond its value, then gradually lowering the price, till some one accepts it as purchaser.</cd></cs>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Auction</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Auc"tion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sell by auction.</def>

<h1>Auctionary</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Auc"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auctionarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an auction or an auctioneer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote> With <b>auctionary</b> hammer in thy hand.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Auctioneer</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Auc`tion*eer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who sells by auction; a person whose business it is to dispose of goods or lands by public sale to the highest or best bidder.</def>

<h1>Auctioneer</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Auc`tion*eer"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sell by auction; to auction.</def>

<blockquote>Estates . . . advertised and <b>auctioneered</b> away.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aucupation</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au`cu*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aucupatio</ets>, fr. <ets>auceps</ets>, contr. for <ets>aviceps</ets>; <ets>avis</ets> bird + <ets>capere</ets> to take.]</ety> <def>Birdcatching; fowling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Audacious</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au*da"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>audacieux</ets>, as if fr. LL. <ets>audaciosus</ets> (not found), fr. L. <ets>audacia</ets> audacity, fr. <ets>audax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, bold, fr. <ets>audere</ets> to dare.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Daring; spirited; adventurous.</def>

<blockquote>As in a cloudy chair, ascending rides
<b>Audacious</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contemning the restraints of law, religion, or decorum; bold in wickedness; presumptuous; impudent; insolent.</def> " Audacious traitor." <i>Shak.</i>  " Such <i>audacious</i> neighborhood."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Committed with, or proceedings from, daring effrontery or contempt of law, morality, or decorum.</def> "<i>Audacious</i> cruelty." "<i>Audacious</i> prate."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Audaciously</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au*da"cious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an audacious manner; with excess of boldness; impudently.</def>

<h1>Audaciousness</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au*da"cious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being audacious; impudence; audacity.</def>

<h1>Audacity</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au*dac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Daring spirit, resolution, or confidence; venturesomeness.</def>

<blockquote>The freedom and <b>audacity</b> necessary in the commerce of men.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reckless daring; presumptuous impudence; -- implying a contempt of law or moral restraints.</def>

<blockquote>With the most arrogant <b>audacity</b>.
<i>Joye.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Audibility</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au`di*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being audible; power of being heard; audible capacity.</def>

<h1>Audible</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"di*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>audibilis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>audire</ets>, <ets>auditum</ets>, to hear: cf. Gr. <?/ ear, L. <ets>auris</ets>, and E. <ets>ear</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being heard; loud enough to be heard; actually heard; <as>as, an <ex>audible</ex> voice or whisper</as>.</def>

<h1>Audible</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"di*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which may be heard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Visibles are swiftlier carried to the sense than <b>audibles</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Audibleness</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"di*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being audible.</def>

<h1>Audibly</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"di*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to be heard.</def>

<h1>Audience</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"di*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>audience</ets>, L. <ets>audientia</ets>, fr. <ets>audire</ets> to hear. See <wf>Audible</wf>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of hearing; attention to sounds.</def>

<blockquote>Thou, therefore, give due <b>audience</b>, and attend.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Admittance to a hearing; a formal interview, esp. with a sovereign or the head of a government, for conference or the transaction of business.</def>

<blockquote>According to the fair play of the world,
Let me have <b>audience</b>: I am sent to speak.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An auditory; an assembly of hearers. Also applied by authors to their readers.</def>

<blockquote>Fit <b>audience</b> find, though few.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He drew his <b>audience</b> upward to the sky.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Court of audience</col>, or <col>Audience court</col></mcol> <fld>(Eng.)</fld>, <cd>a court long since disused, belonging to the Archbishop of Canterbury; also, one belonging to the Archbishop of York.</cd> <i>Mozley & W.</i> -- <mcol><col>In general</col> (or <col>open</col>) <col>audience</col></mcol>, <cd>publicly.</cd> -- <col>To give audience</col>, <cd>to listen; to admit to an interview.</cd></cs>

<h1>Audient</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"di*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>audiens</ets>, <tt>p. pr.</tt> of <ets>audire</ets>. See <wf>Audible</wf>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Listening; paying attention; <as>as, <ex>audient</ex> souls</as>.</def>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Audient</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"di*ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hearer; especially a catechumen in the early church.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Audiometer</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au`di*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>audire</ets> to hear + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Acous.)</fld> <def>An instrument by which the power of hearing can be gauged and recorded on a scale.</def>

<h1>Audiphone</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"di*phone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>audire</ets> to hear + Gr. <?/ sound.]</ety> <def>An instrument which, placed against the teeth, conveys sound to the auditory nerve and enables the deaf to hear more or less distinctly; a dentiphone.</def>

<h1>Audit</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"dit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auditus</ets> a hearing, fr. <ets>audire</ets>. See <wf>Audible</wf>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An audience; a hearing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He appeals to a high <b>audit</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An examination in general; a judicial examination.</def>

<note>Specifically: An examination of an account or of accounts, with the hearing of the parties concerned, by proper officers, or persons appointed for that purpose, who compare the charges with the vouchers, examine witnesses, and state the result.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The result of such an examination, or an account as adjusted by auditors; final account.</def>

<blockquote>Yet I can make my <b>audit</b> up.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A general receptacle or receiver.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It [a little brook] paid to its common <b>audit</b> no more than the revenues of a little cloud.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Audit ale</col>, <cd>a kind of ale, brewed at the English universities, orig. for the day of audit.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Audit house</col>, <col>Audit room</col></mcol>, <cd>an appendage to a cathedral, for the transaction of its business.</cd></cs>

<h1>Audit</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"dit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Audited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Auditing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To examine and adjust, as an account or accounts; <as>as, to <ex>audit</ex> the accounts of a treasure, or of parties who have a suit depending in court</as>.</def>

<h1>Audit</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"dit</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To settle or adjust an account.</def>

<blockquote>Let Hocus <b>audit</b>; he knows how the money was disbursed.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Audita querela</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au*di"ta que*re"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., the complaint having been heard.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ which lies for a party against whom judgment is recovered, but to whom good matter of discharge has subsequently accrued which could not have been availed of to prevent such judgment.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Audition</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au*di"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auditio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of hearing or listening; hearing.</def>

<blockquote><b>Audition</b> may be active or passive; hence the difference between listening and simple hearing.
<i>Dunglison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Auditive</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"di*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>auditif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to hearing; auditory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Auditor</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"di*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auditor</ets>, fr. <ets>audire</ets>. See <wf>Audible</wf>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hearer or listener.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person appointed and authorized to audit or examine an account or accounts, compare the charges with the vouchers, examine the parties and witnesses, allow or reject charges, and state the balance.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who hears judicially, as in an audience court.</def>

<note>&hand; In the United States government, and in the State governments, there are <i>auditors</i> of the treasury and of the public accounts. The name is also applied to persons employed to check the accounts of courts, corporations, companies, societies, and partnerships.</note>

<h1>Auditorial</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au`di*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Auditory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Auditorium</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au`di*to"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <wf>Auditory</wf>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>The part of a church, theater, or other public building, assigned to the audience.</def>

<note>&hand; In ancient churches the <i>auditorium</i> was the nave, where hearers stood to be instructed; in monasteries it was an apartment for the reception of strangers.</note>

<h1>Auditorship</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"di*tor*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or function of auditor.</def>

<h1>Auditory</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"di*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auditorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to hearing, or to the sense or organs of hearing; <as>as, the <ex>auditory</ex> nerve</as>. See <wf>Ear</wf>.</def>

<cs><col>Auditory canal</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the tube from the <i>auditory meatus<i> or opening of the ear to the tympanic membrane.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auditory</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"di*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auditorium</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An assembly of hearers; an audience.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An auditorium.</def>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Auditress</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"di*tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female hearer.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Auditual</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au*dit"u*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Auditory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Auf</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Auf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>auph</ets>, <ets>aulf</ets>, fr. Icel. <ets>\'belfr</ets> elf. See <er>Elf</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Also spelt <asp>oaf</asp>, <asp>ouphe</asp>.]</altsp> <def>A changeling or elf child, -- that is, one left by fairies; a deformed or foolish child; a simpleton; an oaf.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Au fait</h1>
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<hw>Au` fait"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. Lit., to the deed, act, or point. <ets>Fait</ets> is fr. L. <ets>factum</ets>. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <def>Expert; skillful; well instructed.</def>

<h1>Augean</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au*ge"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to Augeus, king of Elis, whose stable contained 3000 oxen, and had not been cleaned for 30 years. Hercules cleansed it in a single day.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Exceedingly filthy or corrupt.</def>

<cs><col>Augean stable</col> (Fig.), <cd>an accumulation of corruption or filth almost beyond the power of man to remedy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auger</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Au"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>augoure</ets>, <ets>nauger</ets>, AS. <ets>nafeg\'ber</ets>, fr. <ets>nafu</ets>, <ets>nafa</ets>, nave of a wheel + <ets>g\'ber</ets> spear, and therefore meaning properly and originally a nave-bore. See <wf>Nave</wf> (of a wheel) and 2d <wf>Gore</wf>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A carpenter's tool for boring holes larger than those bored by a gimlet. It has a handle placed crosswise by which it is turned with both hands. A <i>pod auger</i> is one with a straight channel or groove, like the half of a bean pod. A <i>screw auger</i> has a twisted blade, by the spiral groove of which the chips are discharge.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument for boring or perforating soils or rocks, for determining the quality of soils, or the nature of the rocks or strata upon which they lie, and for obtaining water.</def>

<cs><col>Auger bit</col>, <cd>a bit with a cutting edge or blade like that of an anger.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auget</h1>
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<hw>Au*get"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>auge</ets> trough, fr. L. <ets>alveus</ets> hollow, fr. <ets>alvus</ets> belly.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A priming tube connecting the charge chamber with the gallery, or place where the slow match is applied.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Aught, Aucht</h1>
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<hw><hw>Aught</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Aucht</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets><?/ht</ets>, fr. <ets>\'began</ets> to own, p. p. <ets>\'behte</ets>.]</ety> <def>Property; possession.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Aught</h1>
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<hw>Aught</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aught</ets>, <ets>ought</ets>, <ets>awiht</ets>, AS. <ets>\'bewiht</ets>, <ets>\'be</ets> ever + <ets>wiht</ets>. \'fb136.  See <er>Aye</er> ever, and <er>Whit</er>, <er>Wight</er>.]</ety> <def>Anything; any part.</def>  <altsp>[Also written <asp>ought</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>There failed not <b>aught</b> of any good thing which the Lord has spoken.
<i>Josh. xxi. 45</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But go, my son, and see if <b>aught</b> be wanting.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 101  -->

<h1>Aught</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aught</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>At all; in any degree.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Augite</h1>
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<hw>Au"gite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>augites</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ brightness: cf. F. <ets>augite</ets>.]</ety> <def>A variety of pyroxene, usually of a black or dark green color, occurring in igneous rocks, such as basalt; -- also used instead of the general term <i>pyroxene</i>.</def>

<h1>Augitic</h1>
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<hw>Au*git"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or like, augite; containing augite as a principal constituent; <as>as, <ex>augitic</ex> rocks</as>.</def>

<h1>Augment</h1>
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<hw>Aug*ment"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Augmented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Augmenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>augmentare</ets>, fr. <ets>augmentum</ets> an increase, fr. <ets>augere</ets> to increase; perh. akin to Gr. <?/, <?/, E. <ets>wax</ets>, v., and <ets>eke</ets>, v.: cf. F. <ets>augmenter</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To enlarge or increase in size, amount, or degree; to swell; to make bigger; <as>as, to <ex>augment</ex> an army by re\'89forcements; rain <ex>augments</ex> a stream; impatience <ex>augments</ex> an evil.</as></def>

<blockquote>But their spite still serves
His glory to <b>augment</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To add an augment to.</def>

<h1>Augment</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aug*ment"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To increase; to grow larger, stronger, or more intense; <as>as, a stream <ex>augments</ex> by rain</as>.</def>

<h1>Augment</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aug"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>augmentum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>augment</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Enlargement by addition; increase.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A vowel prefixed, or a lengthening of the initial vowel, to mark past time, as in Greek and Sanskrit verbs.</def>

<note>&hand; In Greek, the <i>syllabic augment</i> is a prefixed <?/, forming an intial syllable; the <i>temporal augment</i> is an increase of the quantity (time) of an initial vowel, as by changing <?/ to <?/.</note>

<h1>Augmentable</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aug*ment"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of augmentation.</def>

<i>Walsh.</i>

<h1>Augmentation</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aug`men*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>augmentatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>augmentation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of augmenting, or making larger, by addition, expansion, or dilation; increase.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being augmented; enlargement.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The thing added by way of enlargement.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A additional charge to a coat of arms, given as a mark of honor.</def>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The stage of a disease in which the symptoms go on increasing.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In counterpoint and fugue, a repetition of the subject in tones of twice the original length.</def>

<cs><col>Augmentation court</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a court erected by Stat. 27 Hen. VIII., to <i>augment<i> to revenues of the crown by the suppression of monasteries. It was long ago dissolved.</cd>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>
</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Increase; enlargement; growth; extension; accession; addition.</syn>

<h1>Augmentative</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aug*ment"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>augmentatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality or power of augmenting; expressing augmentation.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Aug*ment"a*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Augmentative</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aug*ment"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word which expresses with augmented force the idea or the properties of the term from which it is derived; <as>as, <ex>dullard</ex>, one very dull</as>. Opposed to <i>diminutive</i>.</def>

<i>Gibbs.</i>

<h1>Augmenter</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Aug*ment"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, augments or increases anything.</def>

<h1>Augrim</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"grim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <wf>Algorism</wf>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Augrim stones</col>, <cd>pebbles formerly used in numeration.</cd> -- <col>Noumbres of Augrim</col>, <cd>Arabic numerals.</cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Augur</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. Of uncertain origin: the first part of the word is perh. fr. L. <ets>avis</ets> bird, and the last syllable, <ets>gur</ets>, equiv. to the Skr. <ets>gar</ets> to call, akin to L. <ets>garrulus</ets> garrulous.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An official diviner who foretold events by the singing, chattering, flight, and feeding of birds, or by signs or omens derived from celestial phenomena, certain appearances of quadrupeds, or unusual occurrences.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who foretells events by omens; a soothsayer; a diviner; a prophet.</def>

<blockquote><b>Augur</b> of ill, whose tongue was never found
Without a priestly curse or boding sound.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Augur</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gur</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Augured</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Auguring</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To conjecture from signs or omens; to prognosticate; to foreshow.</def>

<blockquote>My <b>auguring</b> mind assures the same success.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To anticipate, to foretell, or to indicate a favorable or an unfavorable issue; <as>as, to <ex>augur</ex> well or ill</as>.</def>

<h1>Augur</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gur</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To predict or foretell, as from signs or omens; to betoken; to presage; to infer.</def>

<blockquote>It seems to <b>augur</b> genius.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>augur</b> everything from the approbation the proposal has met with.
<i>J. F. W. Herschel.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To predict; forebode; betoken; portend; presage; prognosticate; prophesy; forewarn.</syn>

<h1>Augural</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gu*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auguralis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to augurs or to augury; betokening; ominous; significant; <as>as, an <ex>augural</ex> staff; <ex>augural</ex> books.</as></def> "Portents <i>augural</i>."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Augurate</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gu*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auguratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>augurari</ets> to augur.]</ety> <def>To make or take auguries; to augur; to predict.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>C. Middleton.</i>

<h1>Augurate</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gu*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of an augur.</def>

<i>Merivale.</i>

<h1>Auguration</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au`gu*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auguratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The practice of augury.</def>

<h1>Augurer</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gur*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An augur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Augurial</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*gu"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>augurialis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to augurs or to augury.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Augurist</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gu*rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An augur.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Angurize</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>An"gur*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To augur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Augurous</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gu*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of augury; foreboding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Augurous hearts."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Augurship</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gur*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office, or period of office, of an augur.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Augury</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gu*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Auguries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>aucurium</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or practice of foretelling events by observing the actions of birds, etc.; divination.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An omen; prediction; prognostication; indication of the future; presage.</def>

<blockquote>From their flight strange <b>auguries</b> she drew.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He resigned himself . . . with a docility that gave little <b>augury</b> of his future greatness.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A rite, ceremony, or observation of an augur.</def>

<h1>August</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*gust"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>augustus</ets>; cf. <ets>augere</ets> to increase; in the language of religion, to honor by offerings: cf. F. <ets>auguste</ets>. See <er>Augment</er>.]</ety> <def>Of a quality inspiring mingled admiration and reverence; having an aspect of solemn dignity or grandeur; sublime; majestic; having exalted birth, character, state, or authority.</def>  "Forms <i>august</i>." <i>Pope</i>. "<i>August</i> in visage." <i>Dryden</i>. "To shed that <i>august</i> blood." <i>Macaulay</i>.

<blockquote>So beautiful and so <b>august</b> a spectacle.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To mingle with a body so <b>august</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Grand; magnificent; majestic; solemn; awful; noble; stately; dignified; imposing.</syn>

<h1>August</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"gust</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Augustus</ets>. See note below, and <wf>August</wf>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The eighth month of the year, containing thirty-one days.</def>

<note>&hand; The old Roman name was <i>Sextilis</i>, the <i>sixth</i> month from March, the month in which the primitive Romans, as well as Jews, began the year. The name was changed to <i>August</i> in honor of Augustus C\'91sar, the first emperor of Rome, on account of his victories, and his entering on his first consulate in that month.</note>

<h1>Augustan</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*gus"tan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Augustanus</ets>, fr. <ets>Augustus</ets>. See <wf>August</wf>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Augustus C\'91sar or to his times.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the town of Augsburg.</def>

<cs><col>Augustan age</col> <cd>of any national literature, the period of its highest state of purity and refinement; -- so called because the reign of Augustus C\'91sar was the golden age of Roman literature. Thus the reign of Louis XIV. (b. 1638) has been called the <i>Augustan age<i> of French literature, and that of Queen Anne (b. 1664) the <i>Augustan age<i> of English literature.</cd> -- <col>Augustan confession</col> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>or confession of Augsburg, drawn up at <i>Augusta Vindelicorum<i>, or Augsburg, by Luther and Melanchthon, in 1530, contains the principles of the Protestants, and their reasons for separating from the Roman Catholic church.</cd></cs>

<h1>Augustine, Augustinian</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw><hw>Au*gus"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au`gus*tin"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A member of one of the religious orders called after St. Augustine; an Austin friar.</def>

<h1>Augustinian</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au`gus*tin"i*an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to St. Augustine, bishop of Hippo in Northern Africa (b. 354 -- d. 430), or to his doctrines.</def>

<cs><col>Augustinian canons</col>, <cd>an order of monks once popular in England and Ireland; -- called also <altname>regular canons of St. Austin</altname>, and <altname>black canons</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Augustinian hermits</col> or <col>Austin friars</col></mcol>, <cd>an order of friars established in 1265 by Pope Alexander IV. It was introduced into the United States from Ireland in 1790.</cd> -- <col>Augustinian nuns</col>, <cd>an order of nuns following the rule of St. Augustine.</cd> -- <col>Augustinian rule</col>, <cd>a rule for religious communities based upon the 109th letter of St. Augustine, and adopted by the Augustinian orders.</cd></cs>
<-- sic original was "Regular canons of St. Austin".??  Not St. Augustine?  -->

<h1>Augustinian</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au`gus*tin"i*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a class of divines, who, following St. Augustine, maintain that grace by its nature is effectual absolutely and creatively, not relatively and conditionally.</def>

<h1>Augustinianism, Augustinism</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw><hw>Au`gus*tin"i*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au*gus"tin*ism</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrines held by Augustine or by the Augustinians.</def>

<h1>Augustly</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*gust"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an august manner.</def>

<h1>Augustness</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*gust"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being august; dignity of mien; grandeur; magnificence.</def>

<h1>Auk</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Auk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>alk</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>alke</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>alka</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name given to various species of arctic sea birds of the family <spn>Alcid\'91</spn>. The great auk, now extinct, is <spn>Alca (&or; Plautus) impennis</spn>. The razor-billed auk is <spn>A. torda</spn>.  See <er>Puffin</er>, <er>Guillemot</er>, and <er>Murre</er>.</def>

<h1>Aukward</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Auk"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Awkward</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aularian</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*la"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aula</ets> hall. Cf. LL. <ets>aularis</ets> of a court.]</ety> <def>Relating to a hall.</def>

<h1>Aularian</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*la"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>At Oxford, England, a member of a hall, distinguished from a collegian.</def>

<i>Chalmers.</i>

<h1>Auld</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Auld</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Old</er>.]</ety> <def>Old; <as>as, <ex>Auld</ex> Reekie (old smoky), <it>i. e.</it>, Edinburgh</as>.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Auld lang syne</h1>
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<hw>Auld` lang syne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A Scottish phrase used in recalling recollections of times <i>long since</i> past.</def> "The days of <i>auld lang syne</i>."

<h1>Auletic</h1>
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<hw>Au*let"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auleticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ flute.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a pipe (flute) or piper.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Aulic</h1>
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<hw>Au"lic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aulicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ hall, court, royal court.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a royal court.</def>

<blockquote>Ecclesiastical wealth and <b>aulic</b> dignities.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Aulic council</col> <fld>(Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a supreme court of the old German empire; properly the supreme court of the emperor. It ceased at the death of each emperor, and was renewed by his successor. It became extinct when the German empire was dissolved, in 1806. The term is now applied to a council of the war department of the Austrian empire, and the members of different provincial chanceries of that empire are called <i>aulic councilors<i>.</cd>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Aulic</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"lic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The ceremony observed in conferring the degree of doctor of divinity in some European universities. It begins by a harangue of the chancellor addressed to the young doctor, who then receives the cap, and presides at the disputation (also called the <i>aulic</i>).</def>

<h1>Auln</h1>
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<hw>Auln</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An ell. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Aune</er>.</def>

<h1>Aulnage, Aulnager</h1>
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<hw><hw>Aul"nage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Aul"na*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Alnage</er> and <er>Alnager</er>.</def>

<h1>Aum</h1>
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<hw>Aum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Aam</er>.</def>

<h1>Aumail</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*mail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. for <ets>amel</ets>, <ets>enamel</ets>.]</ety> <def>To figure or variegate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Aumbry</h1>
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<hw>Aum"bry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ambry</er>.</def>

<h1>Aumery</h1>
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<hw>Au"me*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A form of <er>Ambry</er>, a closet; but confused with <er>Almonry</er>, as if a place for <i>alms</i>.</def>

<h1>Auncel</h1>
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<hw>Aun"cel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rude balance for weighing, and a kind of weight, formerly used in England.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Auncetry</h1>
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<hw>Aun"cet*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ancestry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aune</h1>
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<hw>Aune</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Alnage</er>.]</ety> <def>A French cloth measure, of different parts of the country (at Paris, 0.95 of an English ell); -- now superseded by the <i>meter</i>.</def>

<h1>Aunt</h1>
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<hw>Aunt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ante</ets>, F. <ets>tante</ets>, L. <ets>amita</ets> father's sister. Cf. <er>Amma</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The sister of one's father or mother; -- correlative to <i>nephew</i> or <i>niece</i>. Also applied to an uncle's wife.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Aunt</i> is sometimes applied as a title or term of endearment to a kind elderly woman not thus related.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An old woman; and old gossip.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A bawd, or a prostitute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Aunt Sally</col>, <cd>a puppet head placed on a pole and having a pipe in its mouth; also a game, which consists in trying to hit the pipe by throwing short bludgeons at it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auntter</h1>
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<hw>Aunt"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adventure; hap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>In aunters</col>, <cd>perchance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aunter, Auntre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Aun"ter</hw>, <hw>Aun"tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Adventure</er>.]</ety> <def>To venture; to dare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Auntie, Aunty</h1>
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<hw><hw>Aunt"ie</hw>, <hw>Aunt"y</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A familiar name for an aunt. In the southern United States a familiar term applied to aged negro women.</def>

<h1>Auntrous</h1>
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<hw>Aun"trous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adventurous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aura</h1>
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<hw>Au"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aur\'91</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>aura</ets> air, akin to Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any subtile, invisible emanation, effluvium, or exhalation from a substance, as the aroma of flowers, the odor of the blood, a supposed fertilizing emanation from the pollen of flowers, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The peculiar sensation, as of a light vapor, or cold air, rising from the trunk or limbs towards the head, a premonitory symptom of epilepsy or hysterics.</def>

<cs><col>Electric ~</col>, <cd>a supposed electric fluid, emanating from an electrified body, and forming a mass surrounding it, called the <i>electric atmosphere<i>. See <er>Atmosphere</er>, 2.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aural</h1>
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<hw>Au"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aura</ets> air.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the air, or to an aura.</def>

<h1>Aural</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au"ral</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auris</ets> ear.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the ear; <as>as, <ex>aural</ex> medicine and surgery</as>.</def>

<h1>Aurantiaceous</h1>
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<hw>Au*ran`ti*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the <i>Aurantiace\'91</i>, an order of plants (formerly considered natural), of which the orange is the type.</def>

<h1>Aurate</h1>
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<hw>Au"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aurare</ets> to gild, fr. <ets>aurum</ets> gold: cf. F. <ets>aurate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combination of auric acid with a base; <as>as, <ex>aurate</ex> or potassium</as>.</def>

<h1>Aurated</h1>
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<hw>Au"ra*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Aurate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resembling or containing gold; gold-colored; gilded.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined with auric acid.</def>

<h1>Aurated</h1>
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<hw>Au"ra*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having ears. See <er>Aurited</er>.</def>

<h1>Aureate</h1>
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<hw>Au"re*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aureatus</ets>, fr. <ets>aureus</ets> golden, fr. <ets>aurum</ets> gold.]</ety> <def>Golden; gilded.</def>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Aurelia</h1>
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<hw>Au*re"li*a</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>aurum</ets> gold: cf. F. <ets>aur\'82lie</ets>. Cf. <er>Chrysalis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The chrysalis, or pupa of an insect, esp. when reflecting a brilliant golden color, as that of some of the butterflies.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of jellyfishes. See <er>Discophora</er>.</def>

<h1>Aurelian</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*re"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the aurelia.</def>

<h1>Aurelian</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Au*re"li*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An amateur collector and breeder of insects, esp. of butterflies and moths; a lepidopterist.</def>

<h1>Aureola, Aureole</h1>
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<hw><hw>Au*re"o*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au"re*ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aur\'82ole</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aureola</ets>, (fem adj.) of gold (sc. <ets>corona</ets> crown), dim. of <ets>aureus</ets>. See <er>Aureate</er>, <er>Oriole</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(R. C. Theol.)</fld> <def>A celestial crown or accidental glory added to the bliss of heaven, as a reward to those (as virgins, martyrs, preachers, etc.) who have overcome the world, the flesh, and the devil.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The circle of rays, or halo of light, with which painters surround the figure and represent the glory of Christ, saints, and others held in special reverence.</def>

<note>&hand; Limited to the head, it is strictly termed a <i>nimbus</i>; when it envelops the whole body, an <i>aureola</i>.</note>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A halo, actual or figurative.</def>

<blockquote>The glorious <b>aureole</b> of light seen around the sun during total eclipses.
<i>Proctor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>aureole</b> of young womanhood.
<i>O. W. Holmes.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Areola</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Auric</h1>
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<hw>Au"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aurum</ets> gold.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to gold.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, gold; -- said of those compounds of gold in which this element has its higher valence; <as>as, <ex>auric</ex> oxide; <ex>auric</ex> chloride.</as></def>

<h1>Aurichalceous</h1>
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<hw>Au`ri*chal"ce*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aurichalcum</ets>, for <ets>orichalcum</ets> brass.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Brass-colored.</def>

<h1>Aurichalcite</h1>
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<hw>Au`ri*chal"cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Aurichalceous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous carbonate of copper and zinc, found in pale green or blue crystalline aggregations. It yields a kind of brass on reduction.</def>

<h1>Auricle</h1>
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<hw>Au"ri*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auricula</ets>, dim. of <ets>auris</ets> ear. See <er>Ear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The external ear, or that part of the ear which is prominent from the head.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The chamber, or one of the two chambers, of the heart, by which the blood is received and transmitted to the ventricle or ventricles; -- so called from its resemblance to the auricle or external ear of some quadrupeds. See <er>Heart</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An angular or ear-shaped lobe.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An instrument applied to the ears to give aid in hearing; a kind of ear trumpet.</def>

<i>Mansfield.</i>

<h1>Auricled</h1>
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<hw>Au"ri*cled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having ear-shaped appendages or lobes; auriculate; <as>as, <ex>auricled</ex> leaves</as>.</def>

<h1>Auricula</h1>
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<hw>Au*ric"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Auricul\'91</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, E. <plw>Auriculas</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>auricula</ets>. See <er>Auricle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> (a) <def>A species of <spn>Primula</spn>, or primrose, called also, from the shape of its leaves, <i>bear's-ear</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A species of <spn>Hirneola</spn> <spn>(H. auricula)</spn>, a membranaceous fungus, called also <spn>auricula Jud\'91</spn>, or <i>Jew's-ear</i>.</def>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genus of air-breathing mollusks mostly found near the sea, where the water is brackish</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the five arched processes of the shell around the jaws of a sea urchin.</def>

<-- p. 102  -->

<h1>Auricular</h1>
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<hw>Au*ric"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>auricularis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>auriculaire</ets>. See <er>Auricle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the ear, or to the sense of hearing; <as>as, <ex>auricular</ex> nerves</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Told in the ear, <it>i. e.</it>, told privately; <as>as, <ex>auricular</ex> confession to the priest</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This next chapter is a penitent confession of the king, and the strangest . . . that ever was <b>auricular</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Recognized by the ear; known by the sense of hearing; <as>as, <ex>auricular</ex> evidence</as>.</def> "<i>Auricular</i> assurance."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Received by the ear; known by report.</def> "<i>Auricular</i> traditions."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the auricles of the heart.</def>

<cs><col>Auricular finger</col>, <cd>the little finger; so called because it can be readily introduced into the ear passage.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auricularia</h1>
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<hw>Au*ric`u*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Neut. pl., fr. LL. <ets>auricularis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of holothurian larva, with soft, blunt appendages. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Auricularly</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*ric"u*lar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an auricular manner.</def>

<h1>Auriculars</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*ric"u*lars</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A circle of feathers surrounding the opening of the ear of birds.</def>

<h1>Auriculate, Auriculated</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw><hw>Au*ric"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au*ric"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Auricle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having ears or appendages like ears; eared. Esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> Having lobes or appendages like the ear; shaped like the ear; auricled. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> Having an angular projection on one or both sides, as in certain bivalve shells, the foot of some gastropods, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Auriculate leaf</col>, <cd>one having small appended leaves or lobes on each side of its petiole or base.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auriferous</h1>
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<hw>Au*rif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aurifer</ets>; <ets>aurum</ets> gold + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>aurif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gold-bearing; containing or producing gold.</def>

<blockquote>Whence many a bursting stream <b>auriferous</b> plays.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>\'f7 pyrites</col>, <cd>iron pyrites (iron disulphide), containing some gold disseminated through it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auriflamme</h1>
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<hw>Au"ri*flamme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Oriflamme</er>.</def>

<h1>Auriform</h1>
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<hw>Au"ri*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auris</ets> ear + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of the human ear; ear-shaped.</def>

<h1>Auriga</h1>
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<hw>Au*ri"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., charioteer.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The Charioteer, or Wagoner, a constellation in the northern hemisphere, situated between Perseus and Gemini. It contains the bright star Capella.</def>

<h1>Aurigal</h1>
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<hw>Au*ri"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aurigalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a chariot.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Aurigation</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au`ri*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aurigatio</ets>, fr. <ets>aurigare</ets> to be a charioteer, fr. <ets>auriga</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of driving a chariot or a carriage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Aurigraphy</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*rig"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aurum</ets> gold + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of writing with or in gold.</def>

<h1>Aurin</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au"rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aurum</ets> gold.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A red coloring matter derived from phenol; -- called also, in commerce, <i>yellow coralin</i>.</def>

<h1>Auriphrygiate</h1>
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<hw>Au`ri*phryg"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>auriphrigiatus</ets>; L. <ets>aurum</ets> gold + LL. <ets>phrygiare</ets> to adorn with Phrygian needlework, or with embroidery; perhaps corrupted from some other word. Cf. <er>Orfrays</er>.]</ety> <def>Embroidered or decorated with gold.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Auripigment</h1>
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<hw>Au`ri*pig"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Orpiment</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Auriscalp</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au"ri*scalp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auris</ets> ear + <ets>scalpere</ets> to scrape.]</ety> <def>An earpick.</def>

<h1>Auriscope</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au"ri*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auris</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument for examining the condition of the ear.</def>

<h1>Auriscopy</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*ris"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Examination of the ear by the aid of the auriscope.</def>

<h1>Aurist</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au"rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auris</ets> ear.]</ety> <def>One skilled in treating and curing disorders of the ear.</def>

<h1>Aurited</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au"ri*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auritus</ets>, fr. <ets>auris</ets> ear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having lobes like the ear; auriculate.</def>

<h1>Aurivorous</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*riv"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aurum</ets> gold + <ets>vorare</ets> to devour.]</ety> <def>Gold-devouring.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>H. Walpole.</i>

<h1>Aurocephalous</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au`ro*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aurum</ets> + <ets>cephalous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a gold-colored head.</def>

<h1>Aurochloride</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au`ro*chlo"ride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aurum</ets> + <ets>chloride</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The trichloride of gold combination with the chloride of another metal, forming a double chloride; -- called also <altname>chloraurate</altname>.</def>

<h1>Aurochs</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au"rochs</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>auerochs</ets>, OHG. <ets><?/rohso</ets>; <ets><?/r</ets> (cf. AS. <ets><?/r</ets>) + <ets>ohso</ets> ox, G. <ets>ochs</ets>. Cf. <er>Owre</er>, <er>Ox</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European bison <spn>(Bison bonasus, or Europ\'91us)</spn>, once widely distributed, but now nearly extinct, except where protected in the Lithuanian forests, and perhaps in the Caucasus. It is distinct from the Urus of C\'91sar, with which it has often been confused.</def>

<h1>Aurocyanide</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au`ro*cy"a*nide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aurum</ets> + <ets>cyanide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A double cyanide of gold and some other metal or radical; -- called also <altname>cyanaurate</altname>.</def>

<h1>Aurora</h1>
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<hw>Au*ro"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Auroras</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, L. (rarely used) <plw>Auror\'91</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>aurora</ets>, for <ets>ausosa</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/, <?/, dawn, Skr. <ets>ushas</ets>, and E. <ets>east</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The rising light of the morning; the dawn of day; the redness of the sky just before the sun rises.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The rise, dawn, or beginning.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The Roman personification of the dawn of day; the goddess of the morning. The poets represented her a rising out of the ocean, in a chariot, with rosy fingers dropping gentle dew.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of crowfoot.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The aurora borealis or aurora australis (northern or southern lights).</def>

<cs><col>Aurora borealis</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <it>i. e.</it>, northern daybreak; popularly called <i>northern lights</i>. <cd>A luminous meteoric phenomenon, visible only at night, and supposed to be of electrical origin. This species of light usually appears in streams, ascending toward the zenith from a dusky line or bank, a few degrees above the northern horizon; when reaching south beyond the zenith, it forms what is called the <i>corona</i>, about a spot in the heavens toward which the dipping needle points. Occasionally the aurora appears as an arch of light across the heavens from east to west. Sometimes it assumes a wavy appearance, and the streams of light are then called <i>merry dancers</i>. They assume a variety of colors, from a pale red or yellow to a deep red or blood color.</cd> The <col>Aurora australis</col></mcol> (<?/) <cd>is a corresponding phenomenon in the southern hemisphere, the streams of light ascending in the same manner from near the southern horizon.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auroral</h1>
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<hw>Au*ro"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, the aurora (the dawn or the northern lights); rosy.</def>

<blockquote>Her cheeks suffused with an <b>auroral</b> blush.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aurous</h1>
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<hw>Au"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Containing gold.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, gold; -- said of those compounds of gold in which this element has its lower valence; <as>as, <ex>aurous</ex> oxide</as>.</def>

<h1>Aurum</h1>
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<hw>Au"rum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Gold.</def>

<cs><col>Aurum fulminans</col> (<?/). <cd>See <er>Fulminate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Aurum mosaicum</col> (<?/). <cd>See <er>Mosaic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auscult</h1>
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<hw>Aus*cult"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To auscultate.</def>

<h1>Auscultate</h1>
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<hw>Aus"cul*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To practice auscultation; to examine by auscultation.</def>

<h1>Auscultation</h1>
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<hw>Aus`cul*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ausculcatio</ets>, fr. <ets>auscultare</ets> to listen, fr. a dim. of <ets>auris</ets>, orig. <ets>ausis</ets>, ear. See <er>Auricle</er>, and cf. <er>Scout</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of listening or hearkening to.</def>

<i>Hickes.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An examination by listening either directly with the ear (immediate auscultation) applied to parts of the body, as the abdomen; or with the stethoscope (mediate ~), in order to distinguish sounds recognized as a sign of health or of disease.</def>

<h1>Auscultator</h1>
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<hw>Aus"cul*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices auscultation.</def>

<h1>Auscultatory</h1>
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<hw>Aus*cul"ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to auscultation.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Ausonian</h1>
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<hw>Au*so"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Ausonia</ets>, poetic name for <ets>Italy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Italian.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Auspicate</h1>
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<hw>Aus"pi*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auspicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>auspicari</ets> to take auspices, fr. <ets>auspex</ets> a bird seer, an augur, a contr. of <ets>avispex</ets>; <ets>avis</ets> bird + <ets>specere</ets>, <ets>spicere</ets>, to view. See <er>Aviary</er>, <er>Spy</er>.]</ety> <def>Auspicious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Auspicate</h1>
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<hw>Aus"pi*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To foreshow; to foretoken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give a favorable turn to in commencing; to inaugurate; -- a sense derived from the Roman practice of taking the <i>auspicium</i>, or inspection of birds, before undertaking any important business.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>auspicate</b> all their proceedings.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Auspice</h1>
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<hw>Aus"pice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Auspices</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>auspicium</ets>, fr. <ets>auspex</ets>: cf. F. <ets>auspice</ets>. See <er>Auspicate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A divining or taking of omens by observing birds; an omen as to an undertaking, drawn from birds; an augury; an omen or sign in general; an indication as to the future.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Protection; patronage and care; guidance.</def>

<blockquote>Which by his <b>auspice</b> they will nobler make.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In this sense the word is generally plural, <i>auspices</i>; as, under the <i>auspices</i> of the king.</note>

<h1>Auspicial</h1>
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<hw>Aus*pi"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to auspices; auspicious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Auspicious</h1>
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<hw>Aus*pi"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Auspice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having omens or tokens of a favorable issue; giving promise of success, prosperity, or happiness; predicting good; <as>as, an <ex>auspicious</ex> beginning</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Auspicious</b> union of order and freedom.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Prosperous; fortunate; <as>as, <ex>auspicious</ex> years</as>.</def> "<i>Auspicious</i> chief."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Favoring; favorable; propitious; -- applied to persons or things.</def>  "Thy <i>auspicious</i> mistress." <i>Shak</i>. "<i>Auspicious</i> gales."

<i>Pope.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Propitious</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Aus*pi"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Aus*pi"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Auster</h1>
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<hw>Aus"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auster</ets> a dry, hot, south wind; the south.]</ety> <def>The south wind.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Austere</h1>
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<hw>Aus*tere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[F. <ets>aust\'8are</ets>, L. <ets>austerus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to parch, dry. Cf. <er>Sear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sour and astringent; rough to the state; having acerbity; <as>as, an <ex>austere</ex> crab apple; <ex>austere</ex> wine.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Severe in modes of judging, or living, or acting; rigid; rigorous; stern; <as>as, an <ex>austere</ex> man, look, life</as>.</def>

<blockquote>From whom the <b>austere</b> Etrurian virtue rose.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Unadorned; unembellished; severely simple.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Harsh; sour; rough; rigid; stern; severe; rigorous; strict.</syn>

<h1>Austerely</h1>
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<hw>Aus*tere"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Severely; rigidly; sternly.</def>

<blockquote>A doctrine <b>austerely</b> logical.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Austereness</h1>
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<hw>Aus*tere"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Harshness or astringent sourness to the taste; acerbity.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Severity; strictness; austerity.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Austerity</h1>
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<hw>Aus*ter"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Austplwies</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>aust\'82rit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>austerias</ets>, fr. <ets>austerus</ets>. See <er>Austere</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sourness and harshness to the taste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Horsley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Severity of manners or life; extreme rigor or strictness; harsh discipline.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>austerity</b> of John the Baptist.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Plainness; freedom from adornment; severe simplicity.</def>

<blockquote>Partly owing to the studied <b>austerity</b> of her dress, and partly to the lack of demonstration in her manners.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Austin</h1>
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<hw>Aus"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Augustinian; <as>as, <ex>Austin</ex> friars</as>.</def>

<h1>Austral</h1>
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<hw>Aus"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>australis</ets>, fr. <ets>auster</ets>: cf. F. <ets>austral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Southern; lying or being in the south; <as>as, <ex>austral</ex> land; <ex>austral</ex> ocean.</as></def>

<cs><col>Austral signs</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the last six signs of the zodiac, or those south of the equator.</cd></cs>

<h1>Australasian</h1>
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<hw>Aus`tral*a"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Australasia; <as>as, <ex>Australasian</ex> regions</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native or an inhabitant of Australasia.</def></def2>

<h1>Australian</h1>
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<hw>Aus*tra"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. Terra <ets>Australis</ets> southern land.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Australia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native or an inhabitant of Australia.</def></def2>

<h1>Australize</h1>
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<hw>Aus"tral*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Austral</er>.]</ety> <def>To tend toward the south pole, as a magnet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They [magnets] do septentrionate at one extreme, and <b>australize</b> at another.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Austrian</h1>
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<hw>Aus"tri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Austria, or to its inhabitants.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native or an inhabitant of Austria.</def></def2>

<h1>Austrine</h1>
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<hw>Aus"trine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>austrinus</ets>, from <ets>auster</ets> south.]</ety> <def>Southern; southerly; austral.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Austro-Hungarian</h1>
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<hw>Aus"tro-Hun*ga"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the monarchy composed of Austria and Hungary.</def>

<h1>Austromancy</h1>
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<hw>Aus"tro*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auster</ets> south wind + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Soothsaying, or prediction of events, from observation of the winds.</def>

<h1>Autarchy</h1>
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<hw>Au"tar*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ independence; <?/ self + <?/ to be sufficient.]</ety> <def>Self-sufficiency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Authentic</h1>
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<hw>Au*then"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>autentik</ets>, OF. <ets>autentique</ets>, F. <ets>authentique</ets>, L. <ets>authenticus</ets> coming from the real author, of original or firsthand authority, from Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ suicide, a perpetrator or real author of any act, an absolute master; <?/ self + a form <?/ (not found), akin to L. <ets>sons</ets> and perh. orig. from the p. pr. of <ets><?/</ets> to be, root <ets>as</ets>, and meaning <ets>the one it really is</ets>. See <er>Am</er>, <er>Sin</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Effendi</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a genuine original or authority, in opposition to that which is false, fictitious, counterfeit, or apocryphal; being what it purports to be; genuine; not of doubtful origin; real; <as>as, an <ex>authentic</ex> paper or register</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To be avenged
On him who had stole Jove's <b>authentic</b> fire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Authoritative.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of approved authority; true; trustworthy; credible; <as>as, an <ex>authentic</ex> writer; an <ex>authentic</ex> portrait; <ex>authentic</ex> information.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Vested with all due formalities, and legally attested.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Having as immediate relation to the tonic, in distinction from <i>plagal</i>, which has a correspondent relation to the dominant in the octave below the tonic.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Authentic</er>, <er>Genuine</er>.</syn> <usage> These words, as here compared, have reference to historical documents. We call a document <i>genuine</i> when it can be traced back ultimately to the author or authors from whom it professes to emanate. Hence, the word has the meaning, "not changed from the original, uncorrupted, unadulterated:" as, a <i>genuine</i> text. We call a document <i>authentic</i> when, on the ground of its being thus traced back, it may be relied on as true and authoritative (from the primary sense of "having an author, vouched for"); hence its extended signification, in general literature, of trustworthy, as resting on unquestionable authority or evidence; <as>as, an <ex>authentic</ex> history; an <ex>authentic</ex> report of facts.</as></usage>

<blockquote>A <b>genuine</b> book is that which was written by the person whose name it bears, as the author of it. An <b>authentic</b> book is that which relates matters of fact as they really happened. A book may be <b>genuine</b> without being, <b>authentic</b>, and a book may be <b>authentic</b> without being <b>genuine</b>.
<i>Bp. Watson.</i></blockquote>

<note>It may be said, however, that some writers use <i>authentic</i> (as, an <i>authentic</i> document) in the sense of "produced by its professed author, not counterfeit."</note>

<h1>Authentic</h1>
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<hw>Au*then"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An original (book or document).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Authentics</i> and transcripts."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Authentical</h1>
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<hw>Au*then"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Authentic.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Authentically</h1>
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<hw>Au*then"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an authentic manner; with the requisite or genuine authority.</def>

<h1>Authenticalness</h1>
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<hw>Au*then*tic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being authentic; authenticity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Authenticate</h1>
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<hw>Au*then"ti*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Authenticated</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Authenticating</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>authenticare</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render authentic; to give authority to, by the proof, attestation, or formalities required by law, or sufficient to entitle to credit.</def>

<blockquote>The king serves only as a notary to <b>authenticate</b> the choice of judges.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prove authentic; to determine as real and true; <as>as, to <ex>authenticate</ex> a portrait</as>.</def>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Authenticity</h1>
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<hw>Au`then*tic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>authenticit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being authentic or of established authority for truth and correctness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Genuineness; the quality of being genuine or not corrupted from the original.</def>

<note>&hand; In later writers, especially those on the evidences of Christianity, <i>authenticity</i> is often restricted in its use to the first of the above meanings, and distinguished from <i>qenuineness</i>.</note>

<h1>Authenticly</h1>
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<hw>Au*then"tic*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Authentically.</def>

<h1>Authenticness</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Au*then"tic*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being authentic; authenticity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Authentics</h1>
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<hw>Au*then"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Ciwil Law)</fld> <def>A collection of the Novels or New Constitutions of Justinian, by an anonymous author; -- so called on account of its <i>authencity</i>.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Author</h1>
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<hw>Au"thor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>authour</ets>, <ets>autour</ets>, OF. <ets>autor</ets>, F. <ets>auteur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>auctor</ets>, sometimes, but erroneously, written <ets>autor</ets> or <ets>author</ets>, fr. <ets>augere</ets> to increase, to produce. See <er>Auction</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The beginner, former, or first mover of anything; hence, the efficient cause of a thing; a creator; an originator.</def>

<-- p. 103  -->

<blockquote>Eternal King; thee, <b>Author</b> of all being.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who composes or writers a book; a composer, as distinguished from an editor, translator, or compiler.</def>

<blockquote>The chief glory every people arises from its <b>authors</b>.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The editor of a periodical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An informant.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Author</h1>
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<hw>Au"thor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To occasion; to originate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Such an overthrow . . . I have <b>authored</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To tell; to say; to declare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>More of him I dare not <b>author</b>.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Authoress</h1>
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<hw>Au"thor*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female author.</def>

<i>Glover.</i>

<note>&hand; The word is not very much used, <i>author</i> being commonly applied to a female writer as well as to a male.</note>

<h1>Authorial</h1>
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<hw>Au*tho"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an author.</def> "The <i>authorial</i> <?/we.'"

<i>Hare.</i>

<h1>Authorism</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"thor*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Authoriship.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Authoritative</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*thor"i*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having, or proceeding from, due authority; entitled to obedience, credit, or acceptance; determinate; commanding.</def>

<blockquote>The sacred functions of <b>authoritative</b> teaching.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having an air of authority; positive; dictatorial; peremptory; <as>as, an <ex>authoritative</ex> tone</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The mock <b>authoritative</b> manner of the one, and the insipid mirth of the other.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Au*thor"i*ta*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv</tt> -- <wf>Au*thor"i*ta*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Authority</h1>
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<hw>Au*thor"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Authorities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>autorite</ets>, <ets>auctorite</ets>, F. <ets>autorit\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>auctoritas</ets>, fr. <ets>auctor</ets>. See <er>Author</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Legal or rightful power; a right to command or to act; power exercised buy a person in virtue of his office or trust; dominion; jurisdiction; authorization; <as>as, the <ex>authority</ex> of a prince over subjects, and of parents over children; the <ex>authority</ex> of a court.</as></def>

<blockquote>Thus can the demigod, <b>Authority</b>,
Make us pay down for our offense.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By what <b>authority</b> doest thou these things ?
<i>Matt. xxi. 23.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Government; the persons or the body exercising power or command; <as>as, the local <ex>authorities</ex> of the States; the military <ex>authorities</ex>.</as></def> <mark>[Chiefly in the plural.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>The power derived from opinion, respect, or esteem; influence of character, office, or station, or mental or moral superiority, and the like; claim to be believed or obeyed; <as>as, an historian of no <ex>authority</ex>; a magistrate of great <ex>authority</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b>  <def>That which, or one who, is claimed or appealed to in support of opinions, actions, measures, etc.</def> Hence: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Testimony; witness.</def> "And on that high <i>authority</i> had believed." <i>Milton</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A precedent; a decision of a court, an official declaration, or an opinion, saying, or statement worthy to be taken as a precedent.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A book containing such a statement or opinion, or the author of the book.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Justification; warrant.</def>

<blockquote>Wilt thou be glass wherein it shall discern
<b>Authority</b> for sin, warrant for blame.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Authorizable</h1>
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<hw>Au"thor*i`za*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>authorisabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being authorized.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Authorization</h1>
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<hw>Au`thor*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>autorisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of giving authority or legal power; establishment by authority; sanction or warrant.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>authorization</b> of laws.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A special <b>authorization</b> from the chief.
<i>Merivale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Authorize</h1>
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<hw>Au"thor*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Authorized</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Authorizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>autorize</ets>, F. <ets>autoriser</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>auctorizare</ets>, <ets>authorisare</ets>. See <er>Author</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To clothe with authority, warrant, or legal power; to give a right to act; to empower; <as>as, to <ex>authorize</ex> commissioners to settle a boundary</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>To make legal; to give legal sanction to; to legalize; <as>as, to <ex>authorize</ex> a marriage</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To establish by authority, as by usage or public opinion; to sanction; <as>as, idioms <ex>authorized</ex> by usage</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To sanction or confirm by the authority of some one; to warrant; <as>as, to <ex>authorize</ex> a report</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A woman's story at a winter's fire,
<b>Authorized</b> by her grandam.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To justify; to furnish a ground for.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>To ~ one's self</h1>
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<hw>To ~ one's self</hw><def>, to rely for authority.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Authorizing himself</b>, for the most part, upon other histories.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Authorized</h1>
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<hw>Au"thor*ized</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessed of or endowed with authority; <as>as, an <ex>authorized</ex> agent</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sanctioned by authority.</def>

<cs><col>The Authorized Version</col> <cd>of the Bible is the English translation of the Bible published in 1611 under sanction of King James I. It was "appointed to be read in churches," and has been the accepted English Bible. The Revised Version was published in a complete form in 1855.</cd></cs>

<h1>Authorizer</h1>
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<hw>Au"thor*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who authorizes.</def>

<h1>Authorless</h1>
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<hw>Au"thor*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without an author; without authority; anonymous.</def>

<h1>Authorly</h1>
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<hw>Au"thor*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Authorial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Authorship</h1>
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<hw>Au"thor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being an author; function or dignity of an author.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Source; origin; origination; <as>as, the <ex>authorship</ex> of a book or review, or of an act, or state of affairs</as>.</def>

<h1>Authotype</h1>
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<hw>Au"tho*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A type or block containing a facsimile of an autograph.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Auto-</h1>
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<hw>Au"to-</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ self.]</ety> <def>A combining form, with the meaning of <i>self</i>, <i>one's self</i>, <i>one's own</i>, <i>itself</i>, <i>its own</i>.</def>

<h1>Autobiographer</h1>
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<hw>Au`to*bi*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>biographer</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who writers his own life or biography.</def>

<h1>Autobiographic, Autobiographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, autobiography; <as>as, an <ex>autobiographical</ex> sketch</as>.</def> "Such traits of the <i>autobiographic</i> sort." <i>Carlyle</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Autobiographist</h1>
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<hw>Au`to*bi*og"ra*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who writes his own life; an autobiographer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Autobiography</h1>
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<hw>Au`to*bi*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Autobiographies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>biography</ets>.]</ety> <def>A biography written by the subject of it; memoirs of one's life written by one's self.</def>

<h1>Autocarpous, Autocarpian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Au`to*car"pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au`to*car"pi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Consisting of the pericarp of the ripened pericarp with no other parts adnate to it, as a peach, a poppy capsule, or a grape.</def>

<h1>Autocephalous</h1>
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<hw>Au`to*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ independent; <?/ self + <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>Having its own head; independent of episcopal or patriarchal jurisdiction, as certain Greek churches.</def>

<h1>Autochronograph</h1>
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<hw>Au`to*chron"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>chronograph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for the instantaneous self-recording or printing of time.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Autochthon</h1>
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<hw>Au*toch"thon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Authochthons</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, L. <plw>Autochthones</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, pl. <?/, from the land itself; <?/ self + <?/ earth, land.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is supposed to rise or spring from the ground or the soil he inhabits; one of the original inhabitants or aborigines; a native; -- commonly in the plural. This title was assumed by the ancient Greeks, particularly the Athenians.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is original to a particular country, or which had there its origin.</def>

<h1>Autochthonal, Authochthonic, Autochthonous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Au*toch"tho*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au`thoch*thon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au*toch"tho*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Aboriginal; indigenous; native.</def>

<h1>Autochthonism</h1>
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<hw>Au*toch"tho*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being autochthonal.</def>

<h1>Autochthony</h1>
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<hw>Au*toch"tho*ny</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An aboriginal or autochthonous condition.</def>

<h1>Autoclave</h1>
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<hw>Au"to*clave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Gr. <?/ self + L. <ets>clavis</ets> key.]</ety> <def>A kind of French stewpan with a steamtight lid.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Autocracy</h1>
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<hw>Au*toc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Autocracies</plw></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>autocratie</ets>. See <er>Autocrat</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Independent or self-derived power; absolute or controlling authority; supremacy.</def>

<blockquote>The divine will moves, not by the external impulse or inclination of objects, but determines itself by an absolute <b>autocracy</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Supreme, uncontrolled, unlimited authority, or right of governing in a single person, as of an autocrat.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Political independence or absolute sovereignty (of a state); autonomy.</def>

<i>Barlow.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The action of the vital principle, or of the instinctive powers, toward the preservation of the individual; also, the vital principle.</def>  <altsp>[In this sense, written also <asp>autocrasy</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Autocrat</h1>
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<hw>Au"to*crat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ self + <?/ strength, <?/ strong: cf. F. <ets>autocrate</ets>. See Hard, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An absolute sovereign; a monarch who holds and exercises the powers of government by claim of absolute right, not subject to restriction; <as>as, <ex>Autocrat</ex> of all the Russias (a title of the Czar)</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who rules with undisputed sway in any company or relation; a despot.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>autocrat</b> of the breakfast table.
<i>Holmes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Autocratic, Autocratical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Au`to*crat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au`to*crat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to autocracy or to an autocrat; absolute; holding independent and arbitrary powers of government.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Au`to*crat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Autocrator</h1>
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<hw>Au*toc"ra*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>An autocrat.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Autocratorical</h1>
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<hw>Au`to*cra*tor"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an autocrator; absolute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Autocratrix</h1>
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<hw>Au*toc"ra*trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A female sovereign who is independent and absolute; -- a title given to the empresses of Russia.</def>

<h1>Autocratship</h1>
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<hw>Au"to*crat*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or dignity of an autocrat.</def>

<h1>Auto-da-f\'82</h1>
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<hw>Au"to-da-f\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Autos-da-f\'82</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[Pg., act of the faith; <ets>auto</ets> act, fr. L. <ets>actus</ets> + <ets>da</ets> of the + <ets>f\'82</ets> faith, fr. L. <ets>fides</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A judgment of the Inquisition in Spain and Portugal condemning or acquitting persons accused of religious offenses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An execution of such sentence, by the civil power, esp. the burning of a heretic. It was usually held on Sunday, and was made a great public solemnity by impressive forms and ceremonies.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A session of the court of Inquisition.</def>

<h1>Auto-de-fe</h1>
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<hw>Au"to-de-fe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Autos-de-fe</plw></plu>. <ety>[Sp., act of faith.]</ety> Same as <er>Auto-da-f\'82</er>.</def>

<h1>Autodidact</h1>
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<hw>Au"to*di*dact`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ self-taught.]</ety> <def>One who is self-taught; an automath.</def>

<h1>Autodynamic</h1>
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<hw>Au`to*dy*nam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>dynamic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Supplying its own power; -- applied to an instrument of the nature of a water-ram.</def>

<h1>Autofecundation</h1>
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<hw>Au`to*fec`un*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>fecundation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Self-impregnation.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Autogamous</h1>
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<hw>Au*tog"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Characterized by autogamy; self-fertilized.</def>

<h1>Autogamy</h1>
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<hw>Au*tog"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Self-fertilization, the fertilizing pollen being derived from the same blossom as the pistil acted upon.</def>

<h1>Autogeneal</h1>
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<hw>Au`to*ge"ne*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Self-produced; autogenous.</def>

<h1>Autogenesis</h1>
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<hw>Au`to*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Spontaneous generation.</def>

<h1>Autogenetic</h1>
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<hw>Au`to*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to autogenesis; self-generated.</def>

<h1>Autogenous</h1>
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<hw>Au*tog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ self + root of <?/ to be born.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Self-generated; produced independently.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Developed from an independent center of ossification.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<cs><col>Autogenous soldering</col>, <cd>the junction by fusion of the joining edges of metals without the intervention of solder.</cd></cs>

<h1>Autogenously</h1>
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<hw>Au*tog"e*nous*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an autogenous manner; spontaneously.</def>

<h1>Autograph</h1>
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<hw>Au"to*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>autographe</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ autographic; <?/ self + <?/ to write.]</ety> <def>That which is written with one's own hand; an original manuscript; a person's own signature or handwriting.</def>

<h1>Autograph</h1>
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<hw>Au"to*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>In one's own handwriting; <as>as, an <ex>autograph</ex> letter; an <ex>autograph</ex> will.</as></def>

<h1>Autographal</h1>
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<hw>Au*tog"ra*phal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Autographic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Autographic, Autographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Au`to*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au`to*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to an autograph, or one's own handwriting; of the nature of an autograph.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or used in, the process of autography; <as>as, <ex>autographic</ex> ink, paper, or press</as>.</def>

<h1>Autography</h1>
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<hw>Au*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>autographie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science of autographs; a person's own handwriting; an autograph.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A process in lithography by which a writing or drawing is transferred from paper to stone.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Autolatry</h1>
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<hw>Au*tol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ worship.]</ety> <def>Self-worship.</def>

<i>Farrar.</i>

<h1>Automath</h1>
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<hw>Au"to*math</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ self + <?/, <?/, to learn.]</ety> <def>One who is self-taught.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Automatic, Automatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Au`to*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au`to*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>automatique</ets>. See <er>Automaton</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having an inherent power of action or motion.</def>

<blockquote>Nothing can be said to be <b>automatic</b>.
<i>Sir H. Davy.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or produced by, an automaton; of the nature of an automaton; self-acting or self-regulating under fixed conditions; -- esp. applied to machinery or devices in which certain things formerly or usually done by hand are done by the machine or device itself; <as>as, the <ex>automatic</ex> feed of a lathe; <ex>automatic</ex> gas lighting; an <ex>automatic</ex> engine or switch; an <ex>automatic</ex> mouse.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not voluntary; not depending on the will; mechanical; <as>as, <ex>automatic</ex> movements or functions</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Unconscious or <b>automatic</b> reasoning.
<i>H. Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Automatic arts</col>, <cd>such economic arts or manufacture as are carried on by self-acting machinery.</cd></cs>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Automatically</h1>
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<hw>Au`to*mat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an automatic manner.</def>

<h1>Automatism</h1>
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<hw>Au*tom"a*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being automatic; the power of self-moving; automatic, mechanical, or involuntary action. <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> A theory as to the activity of matter.</def>

<h1>Automaton</h1>
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<hw>Au*tom"a*ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Automata</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, E. <plw>Automatons</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. fr. Gr. <?/, neut. of <?/ self-moving; <?/ self + a root <ets>ma</ets>, <ets>man</ets>, to strive, think, cf. <?/ to strive. See <er>Mean</er>, <ets>v. i.</ets>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any thing or being regarded as having the power of spontaneous motion or action.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<blockquote>So great and admirable an <b>automaton</b> as the world.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These living <b>automata</b>, human bodies.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A self-moving machine, or one which has its motive power within itself; -- applied chiefly to machines which appear to imitate spontaneously the motions of living beings, such as men, birds, etc.</def>

<h1>Automatous</h1>
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<hw>Au*tom"a*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>automatus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Automaton</er>.]</ety> <def>Automatic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Automatous</i> organs."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Automorphic</h1>
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<hw>Au`to*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ for, shape.]</ety> <def>Patterned after one's self.</def>

<blockquote>The conception which any one frames of another's mind is more or less after the pattern of his own mind, -- is <b>automorphic</b>.
<i>H. Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Automorphism</h1>
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<hw>Au`to*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Automorphic characterization.</def>

<i>H. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Autonomasy</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`to*nom"a*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a name, fr. <?/ a name; or for E. <ets>antonomasia</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The use of a word of common or general signification for the name of a particular thing; <as>as, "He has gone to <ex>town</ex>," for, "He has gone to <ex>London</ex>."</as></def>

<h1>Autonomic</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`to*nom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the power of self-government; autonomous.</def>

<i>Hickok.</i>

<h1>Autoomist</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"to"o*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>automiste</ets>. See <er>Autonomy</er>.]</ety> <def>One who advocates autonomy.</def>

<h1>Autonomous</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*ton"o*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ self + <?/ to assign, hold, sway.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Independent in government; having the right or power of self-government.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having independent existence or laws.</def>

<h1>Autonomy</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*ton"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>autonomie</ets>. See <er>Autonomous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The power or right of self-government; self-government, or political independence, of a city or a state.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The sovereignty of reason in the sphere of morals; or man's power, as possessed of reason, to give law to himself. In this, according to Kant, consist the true nature and only possible proof of liberty.</def>

<i>Fleming.</i>

<h1>Autophagi</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*toph"a*gi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ self + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Birds which are able to run about and obtain their own food as soon as hatched.</def>

<h1>Autophoby</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*toph"o*by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fear.]</ety> <def>Fear of one's self; fear of being egotistical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hare.</i>

<h1>Autophony</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*toph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a sound.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An auscultatory process, which consists in noting the tone of the observer's own voice, while he speaks, holding his head close to the patient's chest.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Autoplastic</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au`to*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to autoplasty.</def>

<h1>Autoplasty</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"to*plas`ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>-plasty</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The process of artificially repairing lesions by taking a piece of healthy tissue, as from a neighboring part, to supply the deficiency caused by disease or wounds.</def>

<h1>Autopsic, Autopsical</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw><hw>Au*top"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au*top"sic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to autopsy; autoptical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Autopsorin</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au*top"so*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the itch.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>That which is given under the doctrine of administering a patient's own virus.</def>

<h1>Autopsy</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw>Au"top*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ seen by one's self; <?/ self + <?/ seen: cf. F. <ets>autopsie</ets>. See <er>Optic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Personal observation or examination; seeing with one's own eyes; ocular view.</def>

<blockquote>By <b>autopsy</b> and experiment.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Dissection of a dead body, for the purpose of ascertaining the cause, seat, or nature of a disease; a post-mortem examination.</def>

<h1>Autoptic, Autoptical</h1>
<Xpage=103>

<hw><hw>Au*top"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au*top"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>autoptique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Seen with one's own eyes; belonging to, or connected with, personal observation; <as>as, <ex>autoptic</ex> testimony or experience</as>.</def>

<-- p. 104  -->

<h1>Autoptically</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Au*top"tic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By means of ocular view, or one's own observation.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Autoschediastic, Autoschediastical</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw><hw>Au`to*sche`di*as"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Au`to*sche`di*as"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to do hastily. See</tt> <er>Schediasm</er>.]</ety> <def>Extemporary; offhand.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dean Martin.</i>

<h1>Autostylic</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Au`to*styl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ pillar.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the mandibular arch articulated directly to the cranium, as in the skulls of the Amphibia.</def>

<h1>Autotheism</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Au"to*the`ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + theism.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The doctrine of God's self-existence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deification of one's self; self-worship.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Autotheist</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Au"to*the`ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One given to self-worship.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Autotype</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Au"to*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>-type</ets>: cf. F. <ets>autotype</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A facsimile.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A photographic picture produced in sensitized pigmented gelatin by exposure to light under a negative; and subsequent washing out of the soluble parts; a kind of picture in ink from a gelatin plate.</def>

<h1>Autotypography</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Au`to*ty*pog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>typography</ets>.]</ety> <def>A process resembling "nature printing," by which drawings executed on gelatin are impressed into a soft metal plate, from which the printing is done as from copperplate.</def>

<h1>Autotypy</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Au*tot"y*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or process of making autotypes.</def>

<h1>Autumn</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Au"tumn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auctumnus</ets>, <ets>autumnus</ets>, perh. fr. a root <ets>av</ets> to satisfy one's self: cf. F. <ets>automne</ets>. See <er>Avarice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The third season of the year, or the season between summer and winter, often called "the fall." Astronomically, it begins in the northern temperate zone at the autumnal equinox, about September 23, and ends at the winter solstice, about December 23; but in popular language, autumn, in America, comprises September, October, and November.</def>

<note>&hand; In England, according to Johnson, <i>autumn</i> popularly comprises August, September, and October. In the southern hemisphere, the <i>autumn</i> corresponds to our spring.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The harvest or fruits of autumn.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The time of maturity or decline; latter portion; third stage.</def>

<blockquote>Dr. Preston was now entering into the <b>autumn</b> of the duke's favor.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Life's <b>autumn</b> past, I stand on winter's verge.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Autumnal</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Au*tum"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auctumnalis</ets>, <ets>autumnalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>automnal</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of, belonging to, or peculiar to, autumn; <as>as, an <ex>autumnal</ex> tint; produced or gathered in autumn; <as>as, <ex>autumnal</ex> fruits; flowering in autumn; <as>as, an <ex>autumnal</ex> plant</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thick as <b>autumnal</b> leaves that strow the brooks
In Vallombrosa.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Past the middle of life; in the third stage.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>autumnal</b> matron.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Autumnal equinox</col>, <cd>the time when the sun crosses the equator, as it proceeds southward, or when it passes the ~ point.</cd> -- <col>\'f7 point</col>, <cd>the point of the equator intersected by the ecliptic, as the sun proceeds southward; the first point of Libra.</cd> -- <col>\'f7 signs</col>, <cd>the signs Libra, Scorpio, and Sagittarius, through which the sun passes between the ~ equinox and winter solstice.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auxanometer</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Aux`a*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to cause to increase + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument to measure the growth of plants.</def>

<i>Goodale.</i>

<h1>Auxesis</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Aux*e"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., Gr. <?/ increase, fr. <?/, <?/, to increase.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which a grave and magnificent word is put for the proper word; amplification; hyperbole.</def>

<h1>Auxetic</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Aux*et"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, auxesis; amplifying.</def>

<h1>Auxiliar</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Aux*il"iar</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auxiliaris</ets>: cf. F. <ets>auxiliaire</ets>. See <er>Auxiliary</er>.]</ety> <def>Auxiliary.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>auxiliar</b> troops and Trojan hosts appear.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Auxiliar</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Aux*il"iar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An auxiliary.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Auxiliarly</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Aux*il"iar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of help.</def>

<i>Harris.</i>

<h1>Auxiliary</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Aux*il"ia*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>auxiliarius</ets>, fr. <ets>auxilium</ets> help, aid, fr. <ets>augere</ets> to increase.]</ety> <def>Conferring aid or help; helping; aiding; assisting; subsidiary; as <i>auxiliary</i> troops.</def>

<cs><col>Auxiliary scales</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the scales of relative or attendant keys. See under <er>Attendant</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>Auxiliary verbs</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Auxiliary</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd></cs>

<h1>Auxiliary</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Aux*il"ia*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Auxiliaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A helper; an assistant; a confederate in some action or enterprise.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Foreign troops in the service of a nation at war; (rarely in <tt>sing.</tt>), a member of the allied or subsidiary force.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A verb which helps to form the voices, modes, and tenses of other verbs; -- called, also, an <i>auxiliary verb</i>; <as>as, <ex>have</ex>, <ex>be</ex>, <ex>may</ex>, <ex>can</ex>, <ex>do</ex>, <ex>must</ex>, <ex>shall</ex>, and <ex>will</ex>, in English; <ex>\'88tre</ex> and <ex>avoir</ex>, in French; <ex>avere</ex> and <ex>essere</ex>, in Italian; <ex>estar</ex> and <ex>haber</ex>, in Spanish.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A quantity introduced for the purpose of simplifying or facilitating some operation, as in equations or trigonometrical formul\'91.</def>

<i>Math. Dict.</i>

<h1>Auxiliatory</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Aux*il"ia*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Auxiliary; helping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ava</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A"va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Kava</er>.</def>

<i>Johnston.</i>

<h1>Avadavat</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av`a*da*vat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Amadavat</er>.</def>

<h1>Avail</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Availed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Availing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>availen</ets>, fr. F. <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>valoir</ets> to be worth, fr. L. <ets>valere</ets> to be strong, to be worth. See <er>Valiant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To turn to the advantage of; to be of service to; to profit; to benefit; to help; <as>as, artifices will not <ex>avail</ex> the sinner in the day of judgment</as>.</def>

<blockquote>O, what <b>avails</b> me now that honor high !
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To promote; to assist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<cs><col>To avail one's self of</col>, <cd>to make use of; take advantage of.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Then shall they seek to <b>avail themselves</b> of names.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have <b>availed myself</b> of the very first opportunity.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avail</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vail"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be of use or advantage; to answer the purpose; to have strength, force, or efficacy sufficient to accomplish the object; <as>as, the plea in bar must <ex>avail</ex>, that is, be sufficient to defeat the suit; this scheme will not <ex>avail</ex>; medicines will not <ex>avail</ex> to check the disease.</as></def> "What signs <i>avail</i> ?"

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Words <b>avail</b> very little with me, young man.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avail</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Profit; advantage toward success; benefit; value; <as>as, labor, without economy, is of little <ex>avail</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>avail</b> of a deathbed repentance.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Proceeds; <as>as, the <ex>avails</ex> of a sale by auction</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>avails</b> of their own industry.
<i>Stoddard.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Use; benefit; utility; profit; service.</syn>

<h1>Avail</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vail"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Avale</er>, <tt>v.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Availability</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vail`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Availabilities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being available; availableness.</def>

<note>&hand; The word is sometimes used derogatively in the sense of "mere availableness," or capability of success without regard to worthiness.</note>

<blockquote>He was . . . nominated for his <b>availability</b>.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is available.</def>

<h1>Available</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vail"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having sufficient power, force, or efficacy, for the object; effectual; valid; <as>as, an <ex>available</ex> plea</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Laws human are <b>available</b> by consent.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Such as one may avail one's self of; capable of being used for the accomplishment of a purpose; usable; profitable; advantageous; convertible into a resource; <as>as, an <ex>available</ex> measure; an <ex>available</ex> candidate.</as></def>

<blockquote>Struggling to redeem, as he did, the <b>available</b> months and days out of so many that were unavailable.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Having no <b>available</b> funds with which to pay the calls on new shares.
<i>H. Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Availableness</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vail"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Competent power; validity; efficacy; <as>as, the <ex>availableness</ex> of a title</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Quality of being available; capability of being used for the purpose intended.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Avaiably</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vai"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an available manner; profitably; advantageously; efficaciously.</def>

<h1>Availment</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vail"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Profit; advantage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avalanche</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av"a*lanche`</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avalanche</ets>, fr. <ets>avaler</ets> to descend, to let down, from <ets>aval</ets> down, downward; <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>val</ets>, L. <ets>vallis</ets>, valley. See <er>Valley</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large mass or body of snow and ice sliding swiftly down a mountain side, or falling down a precipice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fall of earth, rocks, etc., similar to that of an avalanche of snow or ice.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sudden, great, or irresistible descent or influx of anything.</def>

<h1>Avale</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vale"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avaler</ets> to descend, to let down. See <er>Avalanche</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to descend; to lower; to let fall; to doff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring low; to abase.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(v. i.)</fld> <def>To descend; to fall; to dismount.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And from their sweaty courses did <b>avale</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avant</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>avant-guard</ets>. Cf. <er>Avaunt</er>, <er>Van</er>.]</ety> <def>The front of an army. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Van</er>.</def>

<h1>Avant-courier</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vant"-cou`ri*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>avant</ets> before + <ets>courrier</ets>. See <er>Avaunt</er>, and <er>Courier</er>.]</ety> <def>A person dispatched before another person or company, to give notice of his or their approach.</def>

<h1>Avant-guard</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vant"-guard`</hw> <tt>(?; &root;277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avant</ets> before + E. <ets>guard</ets>, F. <ets>avant-garde</ets>. See <er>Avaunt</er>.]</ety> <def>The van or advanced body of an army. See <er>Vanguard</er>.</def>

<h1>Avarice</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av"a*rice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avaritia</ets>, fr. <ets>avarus</ets> avaricious, prob. fr. <ets>av<?/re</ets> to covert, fr. a root <ets>av</ets> to satiate one's self: cf. Gr. <?/, <?/, to satiate, Skr. <ets>av</ets> to satiate one's self, rejoice, protect.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An excessive or inordinate desire of gain; greediness after wealth; covetousness; cupidity.</def>

<blockquote>To desire money for its own sake, and in order to hoard it up, is <b>avarice</b>.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inordinate desire for some supposed good.</def>

<blockquote>All are taught an <b>avarice</b> of praise.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avaricious</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av`a*ri"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>avaricieux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Actuated by avarice; greedy of gain; immoderately desirous of accumulating property.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Greedy; stingy; rapacious; griping; sordid; close.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Avaricious</er>, <er>Covetous</er>, <er>Parsimonious</er>, <er>Penurious</er>, <er>Miserly</er>, <er>Niggardly</er>. The <i>avaricious</i> eagerly grasp after it at the expense of others, though not of necessity with a design to save, since a man may be covetous and yet a spendthrift. The <i>penurious</i>, <i>parsimonious</i>, and <i>miserly</i> save money by disgraceful self-denial, and the <i>niggardly</i> by meanness in their dealing with others. We speak of persons as <i>covetous</i> in getting, <i>avaricious</i> in retaining, <i>parsimonious</i> in expending, <i>penurious</i> or <i>miserly</i> in modes of living, <i>niggardly</i> in dispensing.</usage>

-- <wordforms><wf>Av`a*ri"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv</tt> -- <wf>Av`a*ri"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Avarous</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avarus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Avaricious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avast</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vast"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted from D. <ets>houd vast</ets> hold fast. See <er>Hold</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and <er>Fast</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Cease; stop; stay.</def> "<i>Avast</i> heaving."

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Avatar</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av`a*tar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>avat\'83ra</ets> descent; <ets>ava</ets> from + root <ets>t<?/</ets> to cross, pass over.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Hindoo Myth.)</fld> <def>The descent of a deity to earth, and his incarnation as a man or an animal; -- chiefly associated with the incarnations of Vishnu.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Incarnation; manifestation as an object of worship or admiration.</def>

<h1>Avaunce</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vaunce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Advance</er>.]</ety> <def>To advance; to profit.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Avaunt</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vaunt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avant</ets> forward, fr. L. <ets>ab + ante</ets> before. Cf. <er>Avant</er>, <er>Advance</er>.]</ety> <def>Begone; depart; -- a word of contempt or abhorrence, equivalent to the phrase "Get thee gone."</def>

<h1>Avaunt</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vaunt"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To advance; to move forward; to elevate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To depart; to move away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Coverdale.</i>

<h1>Avaunt</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vaunt"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>avanter</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>vanter</ets>. See <er>Vaunt</er>.]</ety> <def>To vaunt; to boast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Avaunt</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vaunt"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A vaunt; to boast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Avauntour</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vaunt"our</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>avanteur</ets>.]</ety> <def>A boaster.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ave</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A"ve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., hail.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ave Maria.</def>

<blockquote>He repeated <b>Aves</b> and Credos.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A reverential salutation.</def>

<blockquote>Their loud applause and <b>aves</b> vehement.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avel</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avellere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To pull away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Yet are not these parts <b>avelled</b>.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avellane</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*vel"lane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>avellana</ets> a filbert, fr. L. <ets>Avella</ets> or <ets>Abella</ets> a city of Campania.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>In the form of four unhusked filberts; <as>as, an <ex>avellane</ex> cross</as>.</def>

<h1>Ave Maria, Ave Mary</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw><hw>A"ve Ma*ri"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>A"ve Ma"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw><ety>[From the first words of the Roman Catholic prayer to the Virgin Mary; L. <ets>ave</ets> hail, <ets>Maria</ets> Mary.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A salutation and prayer to the Virgin Mary, as mother of God; -- used in the Roman Catholic church.</def>

<blockquote>To number <b>Ave Maries</b> on his beads.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A particular time (as in Italy, at the ringing of the bells about half an hour after sunset, and also at early dawn), when the people repeat the Ave Maria.</def>

<blockquote><b>Ave Maria</b> ! blessed be the hour !
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avena</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*ve"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of grasses, including the common oat <spn>(Avena sativa)</spn>; the oat grasses.</def>

<h1>Avenaceous</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av`e*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avenaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>avena</ets> oats.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, oats or the oat grasses.</def>

<h1>Avenage</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av"e*nage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avenage</ets>, fr. L. <ets>avena</ets> oats.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>A quantity of oats paid by a tenant to a landlord in lieu of rent.</def>

<i>Jacob.</i>

<h1>Avener</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av"e*ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>avenier</ets>, fr. <ets>aveine</ets>, <ets>avaine</ets>, <ets>avoine</ets>, oats, F. <ets>avoine</ets>, L. <ets>avena</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Feud. Law)</fld> <def>An officer of the king's stables whose duty it was to provide oats for the horses.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avenge</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*venge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Avenged</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Avenging</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>avengier</ets>; L. <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>vindicare</ets> to lay claim to, to avenge, revenge. See <er>Vengeance</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take vengeance for; to exact satisfaction for by punishing the injuring party; to vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on a wrongdoer.</def>

<blockquote>He will <b>avenge</b> the blood of his servants.
<i>Deut. xxxii. 43.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Avenge</b>, O Lord, thy slaughtered saints, whose bones
Lie scattered on the Alpine mountains cold.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He had <b>avenged</b> himself on them by havoc such as England had never before seen.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat revengefully; to wreak vengeance on.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thy judgment in <b>avenging</b> thine enemies.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Avenge</er>, <er>Revenge</er>.</syn> <usage> To <i>avenge</i> is to inflict punishment upon evil doers in behalf of ourselves, or others for whom we act; <as>as, to <ex>avenge</ex> one's wrongs; to <ex>avenge</ex> the injuries of the suffering and innocent</as>. It is to inflict pain for the sake of vindication, or retributive justice. To <i>revenge</i> is to inflict pain or injury for the indulgence of resentful and malicious feelings. The former may at times be a duty; the latter is one of the worst exhibitions of human character.</usage>

<blockquote>I <b>avenge</b> myself upon another, or I <b>avenge</b> another, or I <b>avenge</b> a wrong. I <b>revenge</b> only myself, and that upon another.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avenge</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*venge"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take vengeance.</def>

<i>Levit. xix. 18.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avenge</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*venge"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Vengeance; revenge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Avengeance</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*venge"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Vengeance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avengeful</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*venge"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Vengeful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Avengement</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*venge"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The inflicting of retributive punishment; satisfaction taken.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Avenger</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*ven"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who avenges or vindicates; <as>as, an <ex>avenger</ex> of blood</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who takes vengeance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Avengeress</h1>
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<hw>A*ven"ger*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female avenger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Avenious</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*ve"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + L. <ets>vena</ets> a vein.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Being without veins or nerves, as the leaves of certain plants.</def>

<h1>Avenor</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av"e*nor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Avener</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avens</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av"ens</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>avence</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Geum</i>, esp. <i>Geum urbanum</i>, or herb bennet.</def>

<h1>Aventail</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av"en*tail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>esventail</ets>. Cf. <er>Ventail</er>.]</ety> <def>The movable front to a helmet; the ventail.</def>

<h1>Aventine</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av"en*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to <i>Mons Aventinus</i>, one of the seven hills on which Rome stood.</def>

<i>Bryant.</i>

<h1>Aventine</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av"en*tine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A post of security or defense.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Into the castle's tower,
The only <b>Aventine</b> that now is left him.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aventre</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*ven"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To thrust forward (at a venture), as a spear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Aventure</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*ven"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Adventure</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Accident; chance; adventure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>A mischance causing a person's death without felony, as by drowning, or falling into the fire.</def>

<h1>Aventurine</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A*ven"tu*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aventurine</ets>: cf. It. <ets>avventurino</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of glass, containing gold-colored spangles. It was produced in the first place by the accidental (<i>par aventure</i>) dropping of some brass filings into a pot of melted glass.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of translucent quartz, spangled throughout with scales of yellow mica.</def>

<cs><col>\'f7 feldspar</col>, <cd>a variety of oligoclase with internal firelike reflections due to the presence of minute crystals, probably of hematite; sunstone.</cd></cs>

<h1>Avenue</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Av"e*nue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avenue</ets>, fr. <ets>avenir</ets> to come to, L. <ets>advenire</ets>. See <er>Advene</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A way or opening for entrance into a place; a passage by which a place may by reached; a way of approach or of exit.</def> "The <i>avenues</i> leading to the city by land."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>On every side were expanding new <b>avenues</b> of inquiry.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The principal walk or approach to a house which is withdrawn from the road, especially, such approach bordered on each side by trees; any broad passageway thus bordered.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>avenue</b> of tall elms and branching chestnuts.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A broad street; <as>as, the Fifth <ex>Avenue</ex> in New York</as>.</def>

<h1>Aver</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>A"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aver</ets> domestic animal, whence LL. <ets>averia</ets>, pl. cattle. See <er>Habit</er>, and cf. <er>Average</er>.]</ety> <def>A work horse, or working ox.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial. Eng.]</mark>

<-- p. 105  -->

<h1>Aver</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*ver"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Averred</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Averring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>av\'82rer</ets>, LL. <ets>adverare</ets>, <ets>averare</ets>; L. <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>versus</ets> true. See <er>Verity</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To assert, or prove, the truth of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To avouch or verify; to offer to verify; to prove or justify. See <er>Averment</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To affirm with confidence; to declare in a positive manner, as in confidence of asserting the truth.</def>

<blockquote>It is sufficient that the very fact hath its foundation in truth, as I do seriously <b>aver</b> is the case.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Then all <b>averred</b> I had killed the bird.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To assert; affirm; asseverate. See <er>Affirm</er>.</syn>

<h1>Average</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Av"er*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>average</ets>, LL. <ets>averagium</ets>, prob. fr. OF. <ets>aver</ets>, F. <ets>avoir</ets>, property, horses, cattle, etc.; prop. infin., to have, from L. <ets>habere</ets> to have. Cf. F. <ets>av\'82rage</ets> small cattle, and <ets>avarie</ets> (perh. of different origin) damage to ship or cargo, port dues. The first meaning was pe<?/<?/<?/ the service of carting a feudal lord's wheat, then charge for carriage, the contribution towards loss of things carried, in proportion to the amount of each person's property. Cf. <er>Aver</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Avercorn</er>, <er>Averpenny</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(OLd Eng. Law)</fld> <def>That service which a tenant owed his lord, to be done by the work beasts of the tenant, as the carriage of wheat, turf, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>avarie</ets> damage to ship or cargo.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tariff or duty on goods, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any charge in addition to the regular charge for freight of goods shipped.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A contribution to a loss or charge which has been imposed upon one of several for the general benefit; damage done by sea perils.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The equitable and proportionate distribution of loss or expense among all interested.</def>

<cs><col>General average</col>, <cd>a contribution made, by all parties concerned in a sea adventure, toward a loss occasioned by the voluntary sacrifice of the property of some of the parties in interest for the benefit of all. It is called <i>general average<i>, because it falls upon the gross amount of ship, cargo, and freight at risk and saved by the sacrifice.</cd> <i>Kent</i>. -- <col>Particular average</col> <cd>signifies the damage or partial loss happening to the ship, or cargo, or freight, in consequence of some fortuitous or unavoidable accident; and it is borne by the individual owners of the articles damaged, or by their insurers.</cd> -- <col>Petty averages</col> <cd>are sundry small charges, which occur regularly, and are necessarily defrayed by the master in the usual course of a voyage; such as port charges, common pilotage, and the like, which formerly were, and in some cases still are, borne partly by the ship and partly by the cargo. In the clause commonly found in bills of lading, "primage and <i>average<i> accustomed," <i>average<i> means a kind of composition established by usage for such charges, which were formerly assessed by way of average.</cd> <i>Arnould.</i>  <i>Abbott</i>. <i>Phillips</i>.</cs>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A mean proportion, medial sum or quantity, made out of unequal sums or quantities; an arithmetical mean. <as>Thus, if A loses 5 dollars, B 9, and C 16, the sum is 30, and the <ex>average</ex> 10.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any medial estimate or general statement derived from a comparison of diverse specific cases; a medium or usual size, quantity, quality, rate, etc.</def> "The <i>average</i> of sensations."

<i>Paley.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>In the English corn trade, the medial price of the several kinds of grain in the principal corn markets.</def>

<cs><col>On an average</col>, <cd>taking the mean of unequal numbers or quantities.</cd></cs>

<h1>Average</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Av"er*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to an average or mean; medial; containing a mean proportion; of a mean size, quality, ability, etc.; ordinary; usual; <as>as, an <ex>average</ex> rate of profit; an <ex>average</ex> amount of rain; the <ex>average</ex> Englishman; beings of the <ex>average</ex> stamp.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>According to the laws of averages; <as>as, the loss must be made good by <ex>average</ex> contribution</as>.</def>

<h1>Average</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Av"er*age</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Averaged</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Averaging</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To find the mean of, when sums or quantities are unequal; to reduce to a mean.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To divide among a number, according to a given proportion; <as>as, to <ex>average</ex> a loss</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To do, accomplish, get, etc., on an average.</def>

<h1>Average</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Av"er*age</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form, or exist in, a mean or medial sum or quantity; to amount to, or to be, on an ~; <as>as, the losses of the owners will <ex>average</ex> twenty five dollars each; these spars <ex>average</ex> ten feet in length.</as></def>

<h1>Avercorn</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A"ver*corn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aver</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>corn</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A reserved rent in corn, formerly paid to religious houses by their tenants or farmers.</def>

<i>Kennet.</i>

<h1>Averment</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*ver"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>averement</ets>, LL. <ets>averamentum</ets>. See <er>Aver</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of averring, or that which is averred; affirmation; positive assertion.</def>

<blockquote>Signally has this <b>averment</b> received illustration in the course of recent events.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Verification; establishment by evidence.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A positive statement of facts; an allegation; an offer to justify or prove what is alleged.</def>

<note>&hand; In any stage of pleadings, when either party advances new matter, he <i>avers</i> it to be true, by using this form of words: "and this he is ready to verify." This was formerly called an <i>averment</i>. It modern pleading, it is termed a <i>verification</i>.</note>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Avernal, Avernian</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw><hw>A*ver"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>A*ver"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Avernus, a lake of Campania, in Italy, famous for its poisonous vapors, which ancient writers fancied were so malignant as to kill birds flying over it. It was represented by the poets to be connected with the infernal regions.</def>

<h1>Averpenny</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Av"er*pen`ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aver</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>penny</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Money paid by a tenant in lieu of the service of average.</def>

<h1>Averroism</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>A*ver"ro*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The tenets of the Averroists.</def>

<h1>Averroist</h1>
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<hw>A*ver"ro*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a sect of peripatetic philosophers, who appeared in Italy before the restoration of learning; so denominated from Averroes, or Averrhoes, a celebrated Arabian philosopher. He held the doctrine of monopsychism.</def>

<h1>Averruncate</h1>
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<hw>Av`er*run"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>averruncare</ets> to avert; <ets>a</ets>, <ets>ab</ets>, off + <ets>verruncare</ets> to turn; formerly derived from <ets>ab</ets> and <ets>eruncare</ets> to root out. Cf. <er>Aberuncate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To avert; to ward off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To root up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Averruncation</h1>
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<hw>Av`er*run*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>averroncation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of averting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Eradication.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Averruncator</h1>
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<hw>Av`er*run*ca"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Aberuncator</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for pruning trees, consisting of two blades, or a blade and a hook, fixed on the end of a long rod.</def>

<h1>Aversation</h1>
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<hw>Av`er*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aversatio</ets>, fr. <ets>aversari</ets> to turn away, v. intens. of <ets>avertere</ets>. See <er>Avert</er>.]</ety> <def>A turning from with dislike; aversion.</def> <mark>[Obs.or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Some men have a natural <b>aversation</b> to some vices or virtues, and a natural affection to others.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Averse</h1>
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<hw>A*verse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aversus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>avertere</ets>. See <er>Avert</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Turned away or backward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The tracks <b>averse</b> a lying notice gave,
And led the searcher backward from the cave.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a repugnance or opposition of mind; disliking; disinclined; unwilling; reluctant.</def>

<blockquote><b>Averse</b> alike to flatter, or offend.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Men who were <b>averse</b> to the life of camps.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Pass by securely as men <b>averse</b> from war.
<i>Micah ii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The prevailing usage now is to employ <i>to</i> after <i>averse</i> and its derivatives rather than <i>from</i>, as was formerly the usage. In this the word is in agreement with its kindred terms, <i>hatred</i>, <i>dislike</i>, <i>dissimilar</i>, <i>contrary</i>, <i>repugnant</i>, etc., expressing a relation or an affection of the mind to an object.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Averse</er>, <er>Reluctant</er>, <er>Adverse</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Averse</i> expresses an habitual, though not of necessity a very strong, dislike; <as>as, <ex>averse</ex> to active pursuits; <ex>averse</ex> to study</as>. <i>Reluctant</i>, a term of the of the will, implies an internal struggle as to making some sacrifice of interest or feeling; <as>as, <ex>reluctant</ex> to yield</as>; <i>reluctant</i> to make the necessary arrangements; a <i>reluctant</i> will or consent. <i>Adverse</i> denotes active opposition or hostility; <as>as, <ex>adverse</ex> interests</as>; <i>adverse</i> feelings, plans, or movements; the <i>adverse</i> party.</usage>

<h1>Averse</h1>
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<hw>A*verse"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To turn away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Aversely</h1>
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<hw>A*verse"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Backward; in a backward direction; <as>as, emitted <ex>aversely</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With repugnance or aversion; unwillingly.</def>

<h1>Averseness</h1>
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<hw>A*verse"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being averse; opposition of mind; unwillingness.</def>

<h1>Aversion</h1>
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<hw>A*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aversio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aversion</ets>. See <er>Avert</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A turning away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Adhesion to vice and <b>aversion</b> from goodness.
<i>Bp. Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Opposition or repugnance of mind; fixed dislike; antipathy; disinclination; reluctance.</def>

<blockquote>Mutual <b>aversion</b> of races.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His rapacity had made him an object of general <b>aversion</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; It is now generally followed by <i>to</i> before the object. [See <er>Averse</er>.] Sometimes <i>towards</i> and <i>for</i> are found; <i>from</i> is obsolete.</note>

<blockquote>A freeholder is bred with an <b>aversion to</b> subjection.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His <b>aversion towards</b> the house of York.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is not difficult for a man to see that a person has conceived an <b>aversion for</b> him.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Khasias . . . have an <b>aversion to</b> milk.
<i>J. D. Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The object of dislike or repugnance.</def>

<blockquote>Pain their <b>aversion</b>, pleasure their desire.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Antipathy; dislike; repugnance; disgust. See <er>Dislike</er>.</syn>

<h1>Avert</h1>
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<hw>A*vert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Averted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Averting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>avertere</ets>; <ets>a</ets>, <ets>ab</ets> + <ets>vertere</ets> to turn: cf. OF. <ets>avertir</ets>. See <er>Verse</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To turn aside, or away; <as>as, to <ex>avert</ex> the eyes from an object; to ward off, or prevent, the occurrence or effects of; <as>as, how can the danger be <ex>averted</ex>?</as>  "To <i>avert</i> his ire."</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>When atheists and profane persons do hear of so many discordant and contrary opinions in religion, it doth <b>avert</b> them from the church.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Till ardent prayer <b>averts</b> the public woe.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avert</h1>
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<hw>A*vert"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To turn away.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Cold and <b>averting</b> from our neighbor's good.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Averted</h1>
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<hw>A*vert"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Turned away, esp. as an expression of feeling; also, offended; unpropitious.</def>

<blockquote>Who scornful pass it with <b>averted</b> eye.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Averter</h1>
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<hw>A*vert"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, averts.</def>

<h1>Avertible</h1>
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<hw>A*vert"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being averted; preventable.</def>

<h1>Avertiment</h1>
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<hw>A*ver"ti*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Advertisement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aves</h1>
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<hw>A"ves</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., pl. of <ets>avis</ets> bird.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The class of Vertebrata that includes the birds.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Aves</i>, or birds, have a complete double circulation, oviparous, reproduction, front limbs peculiarly modified as wings; and they bear feathers. All existing birds have a horny beak, without teeth; but some Mesozoic fossil birds (Odontornithes) had conical teeth inserted in both jaws. The principal groups are: <er>Carinat\'91</er>, including all existing flying birds; <er>Ratit\'91</er>, including the ostrich and allies, the apteryx, and the extinct moas; <er>Odontornithes</er>, or fossil birds with teeth.</note>

<note>The ordinary birds are classified largely by the structure of the beak and feet, which are in direct relating to their habits. See <er>Beak</er>, <er>Bird</er>, <er>Odontonithes</er>.</note>

<h1>Avesta</h1>
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<hw>A*ves"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Zoroastrian scriptures. See <er>Zend-Avesta</er>.</def>

<h1>Avian</h1>
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<hw>A"vi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or instrument to birds.</def>

<h1>Aviary</h1>
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<hw>A"vi*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aviaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>aviarium</ets>, fr. <ets>aviarius</ets> pertaining to birds, fr. <ets>avis</ets> bird, akin to Gr, <?/, Skr. <ets>vi</ets>.]</ety> <def>A house, inclosure, large cage, or other place, for keeping birds confined; a bird house.</def>

<blockquote>Lincolnshire may be termed the <b>aviary</b> of England.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Aviation</h1>
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<hw>A`vi*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or science of flying.</def>

<h1>Aviator</h1>
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<hw>A"vi*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An experimenter in aviation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A flying machine.</def>

<h1>Avicula</h1>
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<hw>A*vic"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., small bird.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine bivalves, having a pearly interior, allied to the pearl oyster; -- so called from a supposed resemblance of the typical species to a bird.</def>

<h1>Avicular</h1>
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<hw>A*vic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avicula</ets> a small bird, dim. of <ets>avis</ets> bird.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a bird or to birds.</def>

<h1>Avicularia</h1>
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<hw>A*vic`u*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Avicular</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See prehensile processes on the cells of some Bryozoa, often having the shape of a bird's bill.</def>

<h1>Aviculture</h1>
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<hw>A"vi*cul`ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avis</ets> bird + <ets>cultura</ets> culture.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Rearing and care of birds.</def>

<h1>Avid</h1>
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<hw>Av"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avidus</ets>, fr. <ets>av<?/re</ets> to long: cf. F. <ets>avide</ets>. See <er>Avarice</er>.]</ety> <def>Longing eagerly for; eager; greedy.</def> "<i>Avid</i> of gold, yet greedier of renown."

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Avidious</h1>
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<hw>A*vid"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Avid.</def>

<h1>Avidiously</h1>
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<hw>A*vid"i*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Eagerly; greedily.</def>

<h1>Avidity</h1>
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<hw>A*vid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aviditas</ets>, fr. <ets>avidus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>avidit\'82</ets>. See <er>Avid</er>.]</ety> <def>Greediness; strong appetite; eagerness; intenseness of desire; <as>as, to eat with <ex>avidity</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>His books were received and read with <b>avidity</b>.
<i>Milward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avie</h1>
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<hw>A*vie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>vie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Emulously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avifauna</h1>
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<hw>A`vi*fau"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>avis</ets> bird + E. <ets>fauna</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The birds, or all the kinds of birds, inhabiting a region.</def>

<h1>Avigato</h1>
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<hw>Av`i*ga"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Avocado</er>.</def>

<h1>Avignon berry</h1>
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<hw>A`vignon" ber"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit of the <spn>Rhamnus infectorius</spn>, eand of other species of the same genus; -- so called from the city of Avignon, in France. It is used by dyers and painters for coloring yellow. Called also <altname>French berry</altname>.</def>

<h1>Avile</h1>
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<hw>A*vile"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aviler</ets>, F. <ets>avilir</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>vil</ets> vile. See <er>Vile</er>.]</ety> <def>To abase or debase; to vilify; to depreciate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Want makes us know the price of what we <b>avile</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avis</h1>
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<hw>A*vis"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avis</ets>. See <er>Advice</er>.]</ety> <def>Advice; opinion; deliberation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Avise</h1>
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<hw>A*vise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aviser</ets>. See <er>Advise</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To look at; to view; to think of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To advise; to counsel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>To avise one's self</col>, <cd>to consider with one's self, to reflect, to deliberate. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Now therefore, if thou wilt enriched be,
<b>Avise thee</b> well, and change thy willful mood.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avise</h1>
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<hw>A*vise"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To consider; to reflect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Aviseful</h1>
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<hw>A*vise"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Watchful; circumspect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With sharp, <b>aviseful</b> eye.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avisely</h1>
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<hw>A*vise"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Advisedly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Avisement</h1>
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<hw>A*vise"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Advisement; observation; deliberation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avision</h1>
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<hw>A*vi"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Vision.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Aviso</h1>
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<hw>A*vi"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Information; advice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An advice boat, or dispatch boat.</def>

<h1>Avocado</h1>
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<hw>Av`o*ca"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted from the Mexican <ets>ahuacatl</ets>: cf. Sp. <ets>aguacate</ets>, F. <ets>aguacat\'82</ets>, <ets>avocat</ets>, G. <ets>avogado</ets>baum.]</ety> <def>The pulpy fruit of <spn>Persea gratissima</spn>, a tree of tropical America. It is about the size and shape of a large pear; -- called also <altname>avocado pear</altname>, <altname>alligator pear</altname>, <altname>midshipman's butter</altname>.</def>

<h1>Avocat</h1>
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<hw>Av`o*cat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>An advocate.</def>

<h1>Avocate</h1>
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<hw>Av"o*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avocatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>avocare</ets>; <ets>a</ets>, <ets>ab + vocare</ets> to call. Cf. <er>Avoke</er>, and see <er>Vocal</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To call off or away; to withdraw; to transfer to another tribunal.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>One who <b>avocateth</b> his mind from other occupations.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He, at last, . . . <b>avocated</b> the cause to Rome.
<i>Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avocation</h1>
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<hw>Av`o*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avocatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A calling away; a diversion.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Impulses to duty, and powerful <b>avocations</b> from sin.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which calls one away from one's regular employment or vocation.</def>

<blockquote>Heaven is his vocation, and therefore he counts earthly employments <b>avocations</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By the secular cares and <b>avocations</b> which accompany marriage the clergy have been furnished with skill in common life.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In this sense the word is applied to the smaller affairs of life, or occasional calls which summon a person to leave his ordinary or principal business. <i>Avocation</i> (in the singular) for <i>vocation</i> is usually avoided by good writers.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Pursuits; duties; affairs which occupy one's time; usual employment; vocation.</def>

<blockquote>There are professions, among the men, no more favorable to these studies than the common <b>avocations</b> of women.
<i>Richardson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In a few hours, above thirty thousand men left his standard, and returned to their ordinary <b>avocations</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 106  -->

<blockquote>An irregularity and instability of purpose, which makes them choose the wandering avocations of a shepherd, rather than the more fixed pursuits of agriculture.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avocative</h1>
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<hw>A*vo"ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Calling off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avocative</h1>
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<hw>A*vo"ca*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which calls aside; a dissuasive.</def>

<h1>Avocet, Avoset</h1>
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<hw><hw>Av"o*cet</hw>, <hw>Av"o*set</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avocette</ets>: cf. It. <ets>avosetta</ets>, Sp. <ets>avoceta</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A grallatorial bird, of the genus <spn>Recurvirostra</spn>; the scooper. The bill is long and bend upward toward the tip. The American species is <spn>R. Americana</spn>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>avocette</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Avoid</h1>
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<hw>A*void"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t. </tt> <wordforms>[p. & p. p.</tt> <er>Avoided</er>; <tt>p. pr.</tt> & <ets>vb<tt>ets>. <ets>n<tt>ets>. <er>Avoiding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>esvuidier</ets>, <ets>es</ets> (L. <ets>ex</ets>) + <ets>vuidier</ets>, <ets>voidier</ets>, to empty. See <er>Void</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To empty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To emit or throw out; to void; <as>as, to <ex>avoid</ex> excretions</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To quit or evacuate; to withdraw from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Six of us only stayed, and the rest <b>avoided</b>
the room.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make void; to annul or vacate; to refute.</def>

<blockquote>How can these grants of the king's be <b>avoided</b>?
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To keep away from; to keep clear of; to endeavor no to meet; to shun; to abstain from; <as>as, to <ex>avoid</ex> the company of gamesters</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What need a man forestall his date of grief.
And run to meet what he would most <b>avoid</b> ?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He carefully <b>avoided</b> every act which could goad them into open hostility.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To get rid of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Pleading)</fld> <def>To defeat or evade; to invalidate. Thus, in a replication, the plaintiff may deny the defendant's plea, or confess it, and <i>avoid</i> it by stating new matter.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To escape; elude; evade; eschew.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Avoid</er>, <er>Shun</er>. <i>Avoid</i> in its commonest sense means, <i>to keep clear of</i>, an extension of the meaning, <i>to withdraw one's self from</i>. It denotes care taken not to come near or in contact; <as>as, to <ex>avoid</ex> certain persons or places</as>. <i>Shun</i> is a stronger term, implying more prominently the idea of intention. The words may, however, in many cases be interchanged.</usage>

<blockquote>No man can pray from his heart to be kept from temptation, if the take no care of himself to <b>avoid</b> it.
<i>Mason.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So Chanticleer, who never saw a fox,
Yet <b>shunned</b> him as a sailor <b>shuns</b> the rocks.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avoid</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*void"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To retire; to withdraw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>David <b>avoided</b> out of his presence.
<i>1 Sam. xviii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To become void or vacant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Avoidable</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*void"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being vacated; liable to be annulled or made invalid; voidable.</def>

<blockquote>The charters were not <b>avoidable</b> for the king's nonage.
<i>Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being avoided, shunned, or escaped.</def>

<h1>Avoidance</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*void"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of annulling; annulment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of becoming vacant, or the state of being vacant; -- specifically used for the state of a benefice becoming void by the death, deprivation, or resignation of the incumbent.</def>

<blockquote>Wolsey, . . . on every <b>avoidance</b> of St. Peter's chair, was sitting down therein, when suddenly some one or other clapped in before him.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A dismissing or a quitting; removal; withdrawal.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of avoiding or shunning; keeping clear of.</def> "The <i>avoidance</i> of pain."

<i>Beattie.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The courts by which anything is carried off.</def>

<blockquote><b>Avoidances</b> and drainings of water.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avoider</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*void"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The person who carries anything away, or the vessel in which things are carried away.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who avoids, shuns, or escapes.</def>

<h1>Avoidless</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*void"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unavoidable; inevitable.</def>

<h1>Avoirdupois</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>Av`oir*du*pois"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aver de peis</ets>, goods of weight, where <ets>peis</ets> is fr. OF. <ets>peis</ets> weight, F. <ets>poids</ets>, L. <ets>pensum</ets>. See <er>Aver</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and <er>Poise</er>, <ets>n</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Goods sold by weight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Avoirdupois weight.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Weight; heaviness; <as>as, a woman of much <ex>avoirdupois</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Avoirdupois weight</col>, <cd>a system of weights by which coarser commodities are weighed, such as hay, grain, butter, sugar, tea.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; The standard Avoirdupois pound of the United States is equivalent to the weight of 27.7015 cubic inches of distilled water at 62&deg; Fahrenheit, the barometer being at 30 inches, and the water weighed in the air with brass weights. In this system of weights 16 drams make 1 ounce, 16 ounces 1 pound, 25 pounds 1 quarter, 4 quarters 1 hundred weight, and 20 hundred weight 1 ton. The above pound contains 7,000 grains, or 453.54 grams, so that 1 pound avoirdupois is equivalent to 1 31-144 pounds troy. (See <er>Troy weight</er>.) Formerly, a hundred weight was reckoned at 112 pounds, the ton being 2,240 pounds (sometimes called a <i>long ton</i>).</note>

<h1>Avoke</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*voke"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Avocate</er>.]</ety> <def>To call from or back again.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Avolate</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>Av"o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avolare</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>volare</ets> to fly.]</ety> <def>To fly away; to escape; to exhale.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avolation</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>Av`o*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>avolatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of flying; flight; evaporation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avoset</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>Av"o*set</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Avocet</er>.</def>

<h1>Avouch</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vouch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Avouched</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Avouching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>avochier</ets>, LL. <ets>advocare</ets> to recognize the existence of a thing, to advocate, fr. L. <ets>advocare</ets> to call to; <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>vocare</ets> to call. Cf. <er>Avow</er> to declare, <er>Advocate</er>, and see <er>Vouch</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To appeal to; to cite or claim as authority.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They <b>avouch</b> many successions of authorities.
<i>Coke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To maintain a just or true; to vouch for.</def>

<blockquote>We might be disposed to question its authencity, it if were not <b>avouched</b> by the full evidence.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To declare or assert positively and as matter of fact; to affirm openly.</def>

<blockquote>If this which he <b>avouches</b> does appear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Such antiquities could have been <b>avouched</b> for the Irish.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To acknowledge deliberately; to admit; to confess; to sanction.</def>

<blockquote>Thou hast <b>avouched</b> the Lord this day to be thy God.
<i>Deut. xxvi. 17.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avouch</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vouch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Evidence; declaration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The sensible and true <b>avouch</b>
Of mine own eyes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avouchable</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vouch"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being avouched.</def>

<h1>Avoucher</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vouch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who avouches.</def>

<h1>Avouchment</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vouch"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of avouching; positive declaration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Avoutrer</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vou"trer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Advoutrer</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avoutrie</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vou"trie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.]</ety> <def>Adultery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Avow</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Avowed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Avowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>avouver</ets>, fr. L. <ets>advocare</ets> to call to (whence the meanings, to call upon as superior; recognize as lord, own, confess); <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>vocare</ets> to call. See <er>Advocate</er>, <er>Avouch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To declare openly, as something believed to be right; to own or acknowledge frankly; <as>as, a man <ex>avows</ex> his principles or his crimes</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Which I to be the of Israel's God
<b>Avow</b>, and challenge Dagon to the test.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To acknowledge and justify, as an act done. See <er>Avowry</er>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To acknowledge; own; confess. See <er>Confess</er>.</syn>

<h1>Avow</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vow"</hw>, <tt>n</tt>, <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aveu</ets>.]</ety> <def>Avowal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Avow</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vow"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>avouer</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>votare</ets> to vow, fr. L. <ets>votun</ets>. See <er>Vote</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To bind, or to devote, by a vow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Avow</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vow"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A vow or determination.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Avowable</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vow"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being avowed, or openly acknowledged, with confidence.</def>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Avowal</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vow"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An open declaration; frank acknowledgment; <as>as, an <ex>avowal</ex> of such principles</as>.</def>

<i>Hume.</i>

<h1>Avowance</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vow"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of avowing; avowal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Upholding; defense; vindication.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Can my <b>avowance</b> of king-murdering be collected from anything here written by me?
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Avowant</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vow"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The defendant in replevin, who <i>avows</i> the distress of the goods, and justifies the taking.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Avowed</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vowed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Openly acknowledged or declared; admitted.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>A*vow"ed*ly</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Avowee</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vow`ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>avou\'82</ets>. Cf. <er>Advowee</er>, <er>Advocate</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>The person who has a right to present to a benefice; the patron; an advowee. See <er>Advowson</er>.</def>

<h1>Avower</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who avows or asserts.</def>

<h1>Avowry</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vow"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>avouerie</ets> protection, authority, OF. <ets>avouerie</ets>. See <er>Avow</er> to declare.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An advocate; a patron; a patron saint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Let God alone be our <b>avowry</b>.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of the distrainer of goods, who, in an action of replevin, avows and justifies the taking in his own right.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<note>&hand; When an action of replevin is brought, the distrainer either makes <i>avowry</i>, that is, <i>avours</i> taking the distress in his own right, or the right of his wife, and states the reason if it, as for arrears of rent, damage done, or the like; or makes <i>cognizance</i>, that is, <i>acknowledges</i> the taking, but justifies in an another's right, as his bailiff or servant.</note>

<h1>Avowtry</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vow"try</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Adultery. See <er>Advoutry</er>.</def>

<h1>Avoyer</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*voy"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A chief magistrate of a free imperial city or canton of Switzerland.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Avulse</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vulse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avulsus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>avellere</ets> to tear off; <ets>a</ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>vellere</ets> to pluck.]</ety> <def>To pluck or pull off.</def>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<h1>Avulsion</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vul"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avulsio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tearing asunder; a forcible separation.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>avulsion</b> of two polished superficies.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fragment torn off.</def>

<i>J. Barlow.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The sudden removal of lands or soil from the estate of one man to that of another by an inundation or a current, or by a sudden change in the course of a river by which a part of the estate of one man is cut off and joined to the estate of another. The property in the part thus separated, or cut off, continues in the original owner.</def>

<i>Wharton. Burrill.</i>

<h1>Avuncular</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*vun"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>avunculus</ets> uncle.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an uncle.</def>

<blockquote>In these rare instances, the law of pedigree, whether direct or <b>avuncular</b>, gives way.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Await</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*wait"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Awaited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Awaiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>awaitier</ets>, <ets>agaitier</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>waitier</ets>, <ets>gaitier</ets> to watch, F. <ets>guetter</ets>. See <er>Wait</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To watch for; to look out for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wait on, serve, or attend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To wait for; to stay for; to expect. See <er>Expect</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Betwixt these rocky pillars Gabriel sat,
Chief of the angelic guards, <b>awaiting</b> night.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be in store for; to be ready or in waiting for; <as>as, a glorious reward <ex>awaits</ex> the good</as>.</def>

<blockquote>O Eve, some farther change <b>awaits</b> us night.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Await</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*wait"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To watch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wait (<i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To wait; to stay in waiting.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Await</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*wait"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A waiting for; ambush; watch; watching; heed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Awake</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*wake"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Awoke</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Awaked</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Awaked</er>; (Obs.) <er>Awaken</er>, <er>Awoken</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Awaking</er>. The form <er>Awoke</er> is sometimes used as a <tt>p. p</tt>.] <ety>[AS. <ets>\'bew\'91cnan</ets>, v. i. (imp. <ets>aw<?/c</ets>), and <ets>\'bewacian</ets>, v. i. (imp. <ets>awacode</ets>). See <er>Awaken</er>, <er>Wake</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rouse from sleep.; to wake; to awaken.</def>

<blockquote>Where morning's earliest ray . . . <b>awake</b> her.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And his disciples came to him, and <b>awoke</b> him, saying, Lord, save us; we perish.
<i>Matt. viii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rouse from a state resembling sleep, as from death, stupidity., or inaction; to put into action; to give new life to; to stir up; <as>as, to <ex>awake</ex> the dead; to <ex>awake</ex> the dormant faculties.</as></def>

<blockquote>I was soon <b>awaked</b> from this disagreeable reverie.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It way <b>awake</b> my bounty further.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No sunny gleam <b>awake</b>s the trees.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Awake</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*wake"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To cease to sleep; to come out of a state of natural sleep; and, figuratively, out of a state resembling sleep, as inaction or death.</def>

<blockquote>The national spirit again <b>awoke</b>.
<i>Freeman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Awake</b> to righteousness, and sin not.
<i>1 Cor. xv. 34.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Awake</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*wake"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>awaken</ets>, old p. p. of <ets>awake</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not sleeping or lethargic; roused from sleep; in a state of vigilance or action.</def>

<blockquote>Before whom <b>awake</b> I stood.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She still beheld,
Now wide <b>awake</b>, the vision of her sleep.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He was <b>awake</b> to the danger.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Awaken</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*wak"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Awakened</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Awakening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>awakenen</ets>, <ets>awaknen</ets>, AS. <ets>\'bew\'91cnan</ets>, <ets>\'bew\'91cnian</ets>, <tt>v. i.</tt>; pref. <ets>on-</ets> + <ets>w\'91cnan</ets> to wake. Cf. <er>Awake</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To rouse from sleep or torpor; to awake; to wake.</def>

<blockquote>[He] is dispatched
Already to <b>awaken</b> whom thou nam'st.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their consciences are thoroughly <b>awakened</b>.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To arouse; excite; stir up; call forth.</syn>

<h1>Awakener</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*wak"en*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, awakens.</def>

<h1>Awakening</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*wak"en*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rousing from sleep, in a natural or a figurative sense; rousing into activity; exciting; <as>as, the <ex>awakening</ex> city; an <ex>awakening</ex> discourse; the <ex>awakening</ex> dawn.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>A*wak"en*ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Awakening</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*wak"en*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of awaking, or ceasing to sleep. Specifically: A revival of religion, or more general attention to religious matters than usual.</def>

<h1>Awakenment</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*wak"en*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An awakening.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Awanting</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*want"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>wanting</ets>.]</ety> <def>Missing; wanting.</def> <mark>[Prov. Scot. & Eng.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Award</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*ward"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Awarded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Awarding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>eswarder</ets> to look at, consider, decide, judge; <ets>es</ets> (L. <ets>ex</ets>) + <ets>warder</ets>, <ets>garder</ets>, to observe, take heed, keep, fr. OHG. <ets>wart<?/n</ets> to watch, guard. See <er>Ward</er>.]</ety> <def>To give by sentence or judicial determination; to assign or apportion, after careful regard to the nature of the case; to adjudge; <as>as, the arbitrators <ex>awarded</ex> damages to the complainant</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To review
The wrongful sentence, and <b>award</b> a new.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Award</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*ward"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To determine; to make an ~.</def>

<h1>Award</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*ward"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>award</ets>, <ets>awart</ets>, <ets>esgart</ets>. See <er>Award</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A judgment, sentence, or final decision. Specifically: The decision of arbitrators in a case submitted.</def>"Impatient for the <i>award</i>."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>An <b>award</b> had been given against.
<i>Gilpin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The paper containing the decision of arbitrators; that which is warded.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Awarder</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*ward"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who awards, or assigns by sentence or judicial determination; a judge.</def>

<h1>Aware</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*ware"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>iwar</ets>, AS. <ets>gew\'91r</ets>, fr. <ets>w\'91r</ets> wary. The pref. <ets>ge-</ets> orig. meant <ets>together</ets>, <ets>completely</ets>. <?/. See <er>Wary</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Watchful; vigilant or on one's guard against danger or difficulty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Apprised; informed; cognizant; conscious; <as>as, he was <ex>aware</ex> of the enemy's designs</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Aware</b> of nothing arduous in a task
They never undertook.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Awarn</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*warn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>warn</ets>, AS. <ets>gewarnian</ets>. See <er>Warn</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To warn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Awash</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*wash"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>wash</ets>.]</ety> <def>Washed by the waves or tide; -- said of a rock or strip of shore, or <fld>(Naut.)</fld> of an anchor, etc., when flush with the surface of the water, so that the waves break over it.</def>

<h1>Away</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>A*way"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>aweg</ets>, <ets>anweg</ets>, <ets>onweg</ets>; <ets>on</ets> on + <ets>weg</ets> way.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>From a place; hence.</def>

<blockquote>The sound is going <b>away</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Have me <b>away</b>, for I am sore wounded.
<i>2 Chron. xxxv. 23.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Absent; gone; at a distance; <as>as, the master is <ex>away</ex> from home</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Aside; off; in another direction.</def>

<blockquote>The axis of rotation is inclined <b>away</b> from the sun.
<i>Lockyer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>From a state or condition of being; out of existence.</def>

<blockquote>Be near me when I fade <b>away</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>By ellipsis of the verb, equivalent to an imperative: Go or come ~; begone; take ~.</def>

<blockquote>And the Lord said . . . <b>Away</b>, get thee down.
<i>Exod. xix. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>On; in continuance; without intermission or delay; <as>as, sing <ex>away</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<note>&hand; It is much used in phrases signifying moving or going from; as, go <i>away</i>, run <i>away</i>, etc.; all signifying departure, or separation to a distance. Sometimes without the verb; as, whither <i>away</i> so fast ? "Love hath wings, and will <i>away</i>." <i>Waller</i>. It serves to modify the sense of certain verbs by adding that of removal, loss, parting with, etc.; as, to throw <i>away</i>; to trifle <i>away</i>; to squander <i>away</i>, etc. Sometimes it has merely an intensive force; as, to blaze <i>away</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Away with</col>, <cd>bear, abide</cd>. <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark> "The calling of assemblies, I can not <ex>away with</ex>." (<i>Isa. i. 13</i></blockquote>), i. e., "I can not bear or endure [it]." -- <col>Away with</col> <cd>one, signifies, take him <i>away<i>. "<i>Away<i> with, crucify him." <i>John xix. 15</i>.</cd> -- <col>To make away with</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To kill or destroy. <sd>(b)</sd> To carry off.</cd></cs>

<-- p. 107  -->

<h1>Away-going</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>A*way"-go"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Sown during the last years of a tenancy, but not ripe until after its expiration; -- said of crops.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Awayward</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>A*way"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Turned away; away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Awe</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>a<?/e</ets>, <ets>aghe</ets>, fr. Icel. <ets>agi</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>ege</ets>, <ets><?/ga</ets>, Goth. <ets>agis</ets>, Dan. <ets>ave</ets> chastisement, fear, Gr. <?/ pain, distress, from the same root as E. <ets>ail</ets>. <?/3. Cf. <er>Ugly</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dread; great fear mingled with respect.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Obsolescent]</mark>

<blockquote>His frown was full of terror, and his voice
Shook the delinquent with such fits of <b>awe</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The emotion inspired by something dreadful and sublime; an undefined sense of the dreadful and the sublime; reverential fear, or solemn wonder; profound reverence.</def>

<blockquote>There is an <b>awe</b> in mortals' joy,
A deep mysterious fear.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To tame the pride of that power which held the Continent in <b>awe</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The solitude of the desert, or the loftiness of the mountain, may fill the mind with <b>awe</b> -- the sense of our own littleness in some greater presence or power.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To stand in awe of</col>, <cd>to fear greatly; to reverence profoundly.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Reverence</er>.</syn>

<h1>Awe</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Awed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Awing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strike with fear and reverence; to inspire with awe; to control by inspiring dread.</def>

<blockquote>That same eye whose bend doth <b>awe</b> the world.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His solemn and pathetic exhortation <b>awed</b> and melted the bystanders.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Awearied</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>A*wea"ried</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Wearied.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<h1>Aweary</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>A*wea"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>weary</ets>.]</ety> <def>Weary.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark> "I begin to be <i>aweary</i> of thee."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Aweather</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>A*weath"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>weather</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>On the weather side, or toward the wind; in the direction from which the wind blows; -- opposed to <i>alee</i>; as, helm <i>aweather</i> !</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Aweigh</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>A*weigh"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>weigh</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Just drawn out of the ground, and hanging perpendicularly; atrip; -- said of the anchor.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Aweless</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awe"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Awless</er>.</def>

<h1>Awesome</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awe"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Causing awe; appalling; awful; <as>as, an <ex>awesome</ex> sight</as>.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressive of awe or terror.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>awesome</b> glance up at the auld castle.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Awesomeness</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awe"some*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being awesome.</def>

<h1>Awe-stricken</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awe"-strick`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Awe-struck.</def>

<h1>Awe-struck</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awe"-struck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Struck with awe.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Awful</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Aw"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Oppressing with fear or horror; appalling; terrible; <as>as, an <ex>awful</ex> scene</as>.</def> "The hour of Nature's <i>awful</i> throes."

<i>Hemans.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inspiring awe; filling with profound reverence, or with fear and admiration; fitted to inspire reverential fear; profoundly impressive.</def>

<blockquote>Heaven's <b>awful</b> Monarch.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Struck or filled with awe; terror-stricken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A weak and <b>awful</b> reverence for antiquity.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Worshipful; reverential; law-abiding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thrust from the company of <b>awful</b> men.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Frightful; exceedingly bad; great; -- applied intensively; <as>as, an <ex>awful</ex> bonnet; an <ex>awful</ex> boaster.</as></def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Frightful</er>.</syn>

<h1>Awfully</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Aw"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an awful manner; in a manner to fill with terror or awe; fearfully; reverently.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Very; excessively.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Awfulness</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Aw"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of striking with awe, or with reverence; dreadfulness; solemnity; <as>as, the <ex>awfulness</ex> of this sacred place</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>awfulness</b> of grandeur.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being struck with awe; a spirit of solemnity; profound reverence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Producing in us reverence and <b>awfulness</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Awhape</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>A*whape"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>whap</ets> blow.]</ety> <def>To confound; to terrify; to amaze.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Awhile</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>A*while"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Adj. <ets>a + while</ets> time, interval.]</ety> <def>For a while; for some time; for a short time.</def>

<h1>Awing</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>A*wing"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>wing</ets>.]</ety> <def>On the wing; flying; fluttering.</def>

<i>Wallace.</i>

<h1>Awk</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>auk</ets>, <ets>awk</ets> (properly) turned away; (hence) contrary, wrong, from Icel. <ets>\'94figr</ets>, <ets>\'94fugr</ets>, <ets>afigr</ets>, turning the wrong way, fr. <ets>af</ets> off, away; cf. OHG. <ets>abuh</ets>, Skr. <ets>ap\'bec</ets> turned away, fr. <ets>apa</ets> off, away + a root <ets>ak</ets>, <ets>a</ets><?/<ets>k</ets>, to bend, from which come also E. <ets>angle</ets>, <ets>anchor</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Odd; out of order; perverse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wrong, or not commonly used; clumsy; sinister; <as>as, the <ex>awk</ex> end of a rod (the but end)</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Golding.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Clumsy in performance or manners; unhandy; not dexterous; awkward.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Awk</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awk</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Perversely; in the wrong way.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Awkly</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awk"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an unlucky (left-handed) or perverse manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Awkwardly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Awkward</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awk"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Awk</ets> + <ets>-ward</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanting dexterity in the use of the hands, or of instruments; not dexterous; without skill; clumsy; wanting ease, grace, or effectiveness in movement; ungraceful; <as>as, he was <ex>awkward</ex> at a trick; an <ex>awkward</ex> boy.</as></def>

<blockquote>And dropped an <b>awkward</b> courtesy.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not easily managed or effected; embarrassing.</def>

<blockquote>A long and <b>awkward</b> process.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An <b>awkward</b> affair is one that has gone wrong, and is difficult to adjust.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Perverse; adverse; untoward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Awkward</i> casualties." "<i>Awkward</i> wind."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>O blind guides, which being of an <b>awkward</b> religion, do strain out a gnat, and swallow up a cancel.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Ungainly; unhandy; clownish; lubberly; gawky; maladroit; bungling; inelegant; ungraceful; unbecoming.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Awkward</er>, <er>Clumsy</er>, <er>Uncouth</er>. <i>Awkward</i> has a special reference to outward deportment. A man is <i>clumsy</i> in his whole person, he is <i>awkward</i> in his gait and the movement of his limbs. <i>Clumsiness</i> is seen at the first view. <i>Awkwardness</i> is discovered only when a person begins to move. Hence the expressions, a <i>clumsy</i> appearance, and an <i>awkward</i> manner. When we speak figuratively of an <i>awkward</i> excuse, we think of a want of ease and grace in making it; when we speak of a <i>clumsy</i> excuse, we think of the whole thing as coarse and stupid. We apply the term <i>uncouth</i> most frequently to that which results from the want of instruction or training; as, <i>uncouth</i> manners; <i>uncouth</i> language.</usage>

-- <wordforms><wf>Awk"ward*ly</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Awk"ward*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Awl</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aul</ets>, <ets>awel</ets>, <ets>al</ets>, AS. <ets><?/l</ets>, <ets>awel</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>alr</ets>, OHG. <ets>\'bela</ets>, G. <ets>ahle</ets>, Lith. <ets>yla</ets>, Skr. <ets>\'ber\'be</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pointed instrument for piercing small holes, as in leather or wood; used by shoemakers, saddlers, cabinetmakers, etc. The blade is differently shaped and pointed for different uses, as in the <i>brad awl</i>, <i>saddler</i>'<i>s awl</i>, <i>shoemaker</i>'<i>s awl</i>, etc.</def>

<h1>Awless</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Aw"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanting reverence; void of respectful fear.</def> "<i>Awless</i> insolence."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inspiring no awe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>awless</i> throne."

<i>Shak.</i>
<altsp> [Written also <asp>aweless</asp>]</altsp>

<h1>Awlessness</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Aw"less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being awless.</def>

<h1>Awl-shaped</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awl"-shaped`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Shaped like an awl.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Subulate. See <er>Subulate</er>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Awlwort</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awl"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Awl</ets> + <ets>wort</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant <spn>(Subularia aquatica)</spn>, with awl-shaped leaves.</def>

<h1>Awm</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awm</hw> <tt>(?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Aam</er>.</def>

<h1>Awn</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.  <ets>awn</ets>, <ets>agune</ets>, from Icel. <ets>\'94gn</ets>, pl. <ets>agnir</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>agn</ets>, Dan. <ets>avne</ets>, Goth. <ets>ahana</ets>, OHG. <ets>agana</ets>, G. <ets>agen</ets>, <ets>ahne</ets>, chaff, Gr. <?/, AS. <ets>egla</ets>; prob. from same root as E. <ets>acute</ets>. See 3d <er>Ear</er>. <?/1.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The bristle or beard of barley, oats, grasses, etc., or any similar bristlelike appendage; arista.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Awned</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Furnished with an awn, or long bristle-shaped tip; bearded.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Awning</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awn"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Origin uncertain: cf. F. <ets>auvent</ets> awing, or Pers. <ets>\'bewan</ets>, <ets>\'bewang</ets>, anything suspended, or LG. <ets>havening</ets> a place sheltered from wind and weather, E. <ets>haven</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rooflike cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>(Naut.) That part of the poop deck which is continued forward beyond the bulkhead of the cabin.</def>

<h1>Awninged</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awn"inged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with an awning.</def>

<h1>Awnless</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awn"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without awns or beard.</def>

<h1>Awny</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Awn"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having awns; bearded.</def>

<h1>Awork</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>A*work"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>work</ets>.]</ety> <def>At work; in action.</def> "Set <i>awork</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Aworking</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>A*work"ing</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>working</ets>.]</ety> <def>At work; in action.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Awreak, Awreke</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw><hw>A*wreak"</hw>, <hw>A*wreke"</hw>,<hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To avenge. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Wreak</er>.</def>

<h1>Awrong</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>A*wrong"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>wrong</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wrongly.</def>

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Awry</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>A*wry"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>wry</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Turned or twisted toward one side; not in a straight or true direction, or position; out of the right course; distorted; obliquely; asquint; with oblique vision; <as>as, to glance <ex>awry</ex></as>.</def> "Your crown's <i>awry</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Blows them transverse, ten thousand leagues <b>awry</b>.
Into the devious air.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Aside from the line of truth, or right reason; unreasonable or unreasonably; perverse or perversely.</def>

<blockquote>Or by her charms
Draws him <b>awry</b>, enslaved.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nothing more <b>awry</b> from the law of God and nature than that a woman should give laws to men.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Awsome</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Aw"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Awesome</er>.</def>

<h1>Ax, Axe</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw><hw>Ax</hw>, <hw>Axe</hw>,<hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ax</ets>, <ets>axe</ets>, AS. <ets>eax</ets>, <ets>\'91x</ets>, <ets>acas</ets>; akin to D. <ets>akse</ets>, OS. <ets>accus</ets>, OHG. <ets>acchus</ets>, G. <ets>axt</ets>, Icel. <ets>\'94x</ets>, <ets>\'94xi</ets>, Sw. <ets>yxe</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'94kse</ets>, Goth. <ets>aqizi</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, L. <ets>ascia</ets>; not akin to E. <ets>acute</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tool or instrument of steel, or of iron with a steel edge or blade, for felling trees, chopping and splitting wood, hewing timber, etc. It is wielded by a wooden helve or handle, so fixed in a socket or eye as to be in the same plane with the blade. The <i>broadax</i>, or carpenter's ax, is an ax for hewing timber, made heavier than the chopping ax, and with a broader and thinner blade and a shorter handle.</def>

<note>The ancient <i>battle-ax</i> had sometimes a double edge.</note>

<note>&hand; The word is used adjectively or in combination; as, <i>ax</i>head or <i>ax</i> head; <i>ax</i> helve; <i>ax</i> handle; <i>ax</i> shaft; <i>ax</i>-shaped; <i>ax</i>like.</note>

<note>This word was originally spelt with <i>e</i>, <i>axe</i>; and so also was nearly every corresponding word of one syllable: as, <i>flaxe</i>, <i>taxe</i>, <i>waxe</i>, <i>sixe</i>, <i>mixe</i>, <i>pixe</i>, <i>oxe</i>, <i>fluxe</i>, etc. This superfluous <i>e</i> is not dropped; so that, in more than a hundred words ending in <i>x</i>, no one thinks of retaining the <i>e</i> except in <i>axe</i>. Analogy requires its exclusion here.</note>

<note>"The spelling <i>ax</i> is better on every ground, of etymology, phonology, and analogy, than <i>axe</i>, which has of late become prevalent."
<i>New English Dict. (Murray).</i></note>

<h1>Ax</h1>
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<hw>Ax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>axien</ets> and <ets>asken</ets>. See <er>Ask</er>.]</ety> <def>To ask; to inquire or inquire of.</def>

<note>&hand; This word is from Saxon, and is as old as the English language. Formerly it was in good use, but now is regarded as a vulgarism. It is still dialectic in England, and is sometimes heard among the uneducated in the United States. "And Pilate <i>axide</i> him, Art thou king of Jewis?" "Or if he <i>axe</i>a fish." <i>Wyclif.</i> 'bdThe king <i>axed</i> after your Grace's welfare."  <i>Pegge.</i></note>

<h1>Axal</h1>
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<hw>Ax"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>[See <er>Axial</er>.]</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Axe, Axeman</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw><hw>Axe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Axe"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, etc.<hw> <def>See <er>Ax</er>, <er>Axman</er>.</def>

<h1>Axial</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Ax"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an axis; of the nature of, or resembling, an axis; around an axis.</def>

<blockquote>To take on an <b>axial</b>, and not an equatorial, direction.
<i>Nichol.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the axis of the body; <as>as, the <ex>axial</ex> skeleton</as>; or to the axis of any appendage or organ; <as>as, the <ex>axial</ex> bones</as>.</as></def>

<cs><col>Axial line</col> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld>, <cd>the line taken by the magnetic force in passing from one pole of a horseshoe magnet to the other.</cd>

<i>Faraday.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Axially</h1>
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<hw>Ax"i*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In relation to, or in a line with, an axis; in the axial (magnetic) line.</def>

<h1>Axil</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Ax"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>axilla</ets>. Cf. <er>Axle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The angle or point of divergence between the upper side of a branch, leaf, or petiole, and the stem or branch from which it springs.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Axile</h1>
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<hw>Ax"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Situated in the axis of anything; as an embryo which lies in the axis of a seed.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Axilla</h1>
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<hw>Ax*il"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Axillae</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The armpit, or the cavity beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An axil.</def>

<h1>Axillar</h1>
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<hw>Ax"il*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Axillary.</def>

<h1>Axillaries, Axillars</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ax"il*la*ries</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ax"il*lars</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Feathers connecting the under surface of the wing and the body, and concealed by the closed wing.</def>

<h1>Axillary</h1>
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<hw>Ax"il*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Axil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the axilla or armpit; <as>as, <ex>axillary</ex> gland, artery, nerve</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Situated in, or rising from, an axil; of or pertaining to an axil.</def> "<i>Axillary</i> buds."

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Axinite</h1>
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<hw>Ax"i*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named in allusion to the form of the crystals, fr. Gr. <?/ an ax.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A borosilicate of alumina, iron, and lime, commonly found in glassy, brown crystals with acute edges.</def>

<h1>Axinomancy</h1>
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<hw>Ax*in"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>axinomantia</ets>, Gr. <?/ ax + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A species of divination, by means of an ax or hatchet.</def>

<h1>Axiom</h1>
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<hw>Ax"i*om</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>axioma</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> that which is thought worthy, that which is assumed, a basis of demonstration, a principle, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to think worthy, fr. <ets><?/</ets> worthy, weighing as much as; cf. <ets><?/</ets> to lead, drive, also to weigh so much: cf F. <ets>axiome</ets>. See <er>Agent</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Logic & Math.)</fld> <def>A self-evident and necessary truth, or a proposition whose truth is so evident as first sight that no reasoning or demonstration can make it plainer; a proposition which it is necessary to take for granted; as, "The whole is greater than a part;"  "A thing can not, at the same time, be and not be."</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An established principle in some art or science, which, though not a necessary truth, is universally received; <as>as, the <ex>axioms</ex> of political economy</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Axiom</er>, <er>Maxim</er>, <er>Aphorism</er>, <er>Adage</er>.</syn> <usage> An <i>axiom</i> is a self-evident truth which is taken for granted as the basis of reasoning. A <i>maxim</i> is a guiding principle sanctioned by experience, and relating especially to the practical concerns of life. An <i>aphorism</i> is a short sentence pithily expressing some valuable and general truth or sentiment. An <i>adage</i> is a saying of long-established authority and of universal application.</usage>

<h1>Axiomatic, Axiomatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ax`i*o*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ax`i*o*mat"ic*al</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an axiom; having the nature of an axiom; self-evident; characterized by axioms.</def> "<i>Axiomatical</i> truth."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<blockquote>The stores of <b>axiomatic</b> wisdom.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Axiomatically</h1>
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<hw>Ax`i*o*mat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By the use of axioms; in the form of an axiom.</def>

<h1>Axis</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Ax"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The spotted deer <spn>(Cervus axis or Axis maculata)</spn> of India, where it is called <i>hog deer</i> and <i>parrah</i> (Moorish name).</def>

<h1>Axis</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Ax"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Axes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>axis</ets> axis, axle. See <er>Axle</er>.]</ety> <def> A straight line, real or imaginary, passing through a body, on which it revolves, or may be supposed to revolve; a line passing through a body or system around which the parts are symmetrically arranged.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A straight line with respect to which the different parts of a magnitude are symmetrically arranged; <as>as, the <ex>axis</ex> of a cylinder, <it>i. e.</it>, the <i>axis</i> of a cone, that is, the straight line joining the vertex and the center of the base; the <i>axis</i> of a circle, any straight line passing through the center.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The stem; the central part, or longitudinal support, on which organs or parts are arranged; the central line of any body.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The second vertebra of the neck, or <i>vertebra dentata</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Also used of the body only of the vertebra, which is prolonged anteriorly within the foramen of the first vertebra or atlas, so as to form the odontoid process or peg which serves as a pivot for the atlas and head to turn upon.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>One of several imaginary lines, assumed in describing the position of the planes by which a crystal is bounded.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The primary of secondary central line of any design.</def>

<cs><col>Anticlinal axis</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a line or ridge from which the strata slope downward on the two opposite sides.</cd> -- <col>Synclinal axis</col>, <cd>a line from which the strata slope upward in opposite directions, so as to form a valley.</cd> -- <col>Axis cylinder</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the neuraxis or essential, central substance of a nerve fiber; -- called also <altname>axis band</altname>, <altname>axial fiber</altname>, and <altname>cylinder axis</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Axis in peritrochio</col>, <cd>the wheel and axle, one of the mechanical powers.</cd> -- <col>Axis of a curve</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a straight line which bisects a system of parallel chords of a curve; called a <i>principal axis<i>, when cutting them at right angles, in which case it divides the curve into two symmetrical portions, as in the parabola, which has one such axis, the ellipse, which has two, or the circle, which has an infinite number. The two axes of the ellipse are the <i>major axis</i> and the <i>minor axis</i>, and the two axes of the hyperbola are the <i>transverse axis</i> and the <i>conjugate axis</i>.</cd>  -- <col>Axis of a lens</col>, <cd>the straight line passing through its center and perpendicular to its surfaces.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Axis of a telescope</col> or <col>microscope</col></mcol>, <cd>the straight line with which coincide the axes of the several lenses which compose it.</cd> -- <col>Axes of co\'94rdinates in a plane</col>, <cd>to straight lines intersecting each other, to which points are referred for the purpose of determining their relative position: they are either rectangular or oblique.</cd> -- <col>Axes of co\'94rdinates in space</col>, <cd>the three straight lines in which the co\'94rdinate planes intersect each other.</cd> -- <col>Axis of a balance</col>, <cd>that line about which it turns.</cd> -- <col>Axis of oscillation</col>, <cd>of a pendulum, a right line passing through the center about which it vibrates, and perpendicular to the plane of vibration.</cd> -- <col>Axis of polarization</col>, <cd>the central line around which the prismatic rings or curves are arranged.</cd> <i>Brewster</i>. -- <col>Axis of revolution</col> <fld>(Descriptive Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a straight line about which some line or plane is revolved, so that the several points of the line or plane shall describe circles with their centers in the fixed line, and their planes perpendicular to it, the line describing a surface of revolution, and the plane a solid of revolution.</cd> -- <col>Axis of symmetry</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>any line in a plane figure which divides the figure into two such parts that one part, when folded over along the axis, shall coincide with the other part.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Axis of the equator</col>, <col>ecliptic</col>, <col>horizon</col> (or other circle considered with reference to the sphere on which it lies)<mcol>, <cd>the diameter of the sphere which is perpendicular to the plane of the circle.</cd> <i>Hutton</i>. -- <col>Axis of the Ionic capital</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a line passing perpendicularly through the middle of the eye of the volute.</cd> -- <col>Neutral axis</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the line of demarcation between the horizontal elastic forces of tension and compression, exerted by the fibers in any cross section of a girder.</cd> -- <col>Optic axis of a crystal</col>, <cd>the direction in which a ray of transmitted light suffers no double refraction. All crystals, not of the isometric system, are either <i>uniaxial</i> or <i>biaxial</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Optic axis</col>, <col>Visual axis</col></mcol> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the straight line passing through the center of the pupil, and perpendicular to the surface of the eye.</cd> -- <col>Radical axis of two circles</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the straight line perpendicular to the line joining their centers and such that the tangents from any point of it to the two circles shall be equal to each other.</cd> -- <col>Spiral axis</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the axis of a twisted column drawn spirally in order to trace the circumvolutions without.</cd> -- <col>Axis of abscissas</col> and <col>Axis of ordinates</col>. See <er>Abscissa</er>.</cd></cs>

<-- p. 108  -->

<h1>Axle</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ax"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>axel</ets>, <ets>exel</ets>, shoulder, AS. <ets><?/axl</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>eax</ets> axle, Sw. & Dan. <ets>axel</ets> shoulder, ~, G. <ets>achse</ets> axle, <ets>achsel</ets> shoulder, L. <ets>axis</ets> axle, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>aksha</ets>, L. <ets>axilla</ets> shoulder joint: cf. F. <ets>essieu</ets>, axle, OF. <ets>aissel</ets>, fr. dim. of L. <ets>axis</ets>. <?/. Cf. 2d <er>Axis</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A transverse bar or shaft connecting the opposite wheels of a car or carriage; an axletree.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An axis; <as>as, the sun's <ex>axle</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Had from her <b>axle</b> torn
The steadfast earth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Railway axles are called <i>leading</i> and <i>trailing</i> from their position in the front or in the rear of a car or truck respectively.</note>

<h1>Axle box</h1>
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<hw>Ax"le box`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bushing in the hub of a wheel, through which the axle passes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The journal box of a rotating axle, especially a railway axle.</def>

<note>&hand; In railway construction, the axle guard, or pedestal, with the superincumbent weight, rests on the top of the box (usually with a spring intervening), and holds it in place by flanges. The box rests upon the journal bearing and key, which intervene between the inner top of the box and the axle.</note>

<h1>Axled</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ax"led</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having an axle; -- used in composition.</def>

<blockquote>Merlin's agate-<b>axled</b> car.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Axle guard</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ax"le guard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The part of the framing of a railway car or truck, by which an axle box is held laterally, and in which it may move vertically; -- also called a <i>jaw</i> in the United States, and a <i>housing</i> in England.</def>

<h1>Axletree</h1>
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<hw>Ax"le*tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>\'94xultr<?/</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bar or beam of wood or iron, connecting the opposite wheels of a carriage, on the ends of which the wheels revolve.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A spindle or axle of a wheel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Axman</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ax"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Axmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who wields an ax.</def>

<h1>Axminster</h1>
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<hw>Ax"min`ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An Axminster carpet, an imitation Turkey carpet, noted for its thick and soft pile; -- so called from <ets>Axminster</ets>, Eng.</def>

<h1>Axolotl</h1>
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<hw>Ax"o*lotl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An amphibian of the salamander tribe found in the elevated lakes of Mexico; the siredon.</def>

<note>&hand; When it breeds in captivity the young develop into true salamanders of the genus <spn>Amblystoma</spn>. This also occurs naturally under favorable conditions, in its native localities; although it commonly lives and breeds in a larval state, with persistent external gills. See <er>Siredon</er>.</note>

<h1>Axstone</h1>
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<hw>Ax"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of jade. It is used by some savages, particularly the natives of the South Sea Islands, for making axes or hatchets.</def>

<h1>Axtree</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ax"tree</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Axle or axletree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Axunge</h1>
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<hw>Ax"unge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>axonge</ets>, L. <ets>axungia</ets>; <ets>axis</ets> wheel + <ets>ungere</ets> to grease.]</ety> <def>Fat; grease; esp. the fat of pigs or geese; usually <fld>(Pharm.)</fld>, lard prepared for medical use.</def>

<h1>Ay</h1>
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<hw>Ay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>Ah! alas!</def> "<i>Ay</i> me! I fondly dream \'bfHad ye been there.'"

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Ay</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Aye</er>.</def>

<h1>Ayah</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A"yah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>aia</ets>, akin to Sp. <ets>aya</ets> a governess, <ets>ayo</ets> a tutor.]</ety> <def>A native nurse for children; also, a lady's maid.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Aye, Ay</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw><hw>Aye</hw>, <hw>Ay</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Perh. a modification of <ets>yea</ets>, or from the interjection of admiration or astonishment, OE. <ets>ei</ets>, <ets>ey</ets>, why, hey, ay, well, ah, ha. Cf. MHG. & G. <ets>ei</ets>, Dan. <ets>ej</ets>. Or perh. akin to <ets>aye</ets> ever.]</ety> <def>Yes; yea; -- a word expressing assent, or an affirmative answer to a question. It is much used in <i>viva voce</i> voting in legislative bodies, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; This word is written <i>I</i> in the early editions of Shakespeare and other old writers.</note>

<h1>Aye</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Aye</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An affirmative vote; one who votes in the affirmative; <as>as, "To call for the <ex>ayes</ex> and noes;" "The <ex>ayes</ex> have it."</as></def>

<h1>Aye, Ay</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw><hw>Aye</hw>, <hw>Ay</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>ei</ets>, <ets>ey</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>\'be</ets>, <ets>\'bewa</ets>, always, Goth. <ets>aiws</ets> an age, Icel. <ets>\'91fi</ets>, OHG, <ets><?/wa</ets>, L. <ets>aevum</ets>, Gr. <?/ an age, <?/, <?/, ever, always, G. <ets>je</ets>, Skr. <ets><?/va</ets> course. <?/,<?/. Cf. <er>Age</er>, <ets>v</ets>., <er>Either</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Or</er>, <ets>conj</ets>.]</ety> <def>Always; ever; continually; for an indefinite time.</def>

<blockquote>For his mercies <b>aye</b> endure.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>For aye</col>, <col>always</col></mcol><cd>; forever; eternally.</cd></cs>

<h1>Aye-aye</h1>
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<hw>Aye"-aye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native name, prob. from its cry.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A singular nocturnal quadruped, allied to the lemurs, found in Madagascar <spn>(Cheiromys Madagascariensis)</spn>, remarkable for its long fingers, sharp nails, and rodent-like incisor teeth.</def>

<h1>Ayegreen</h1>
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<hw>Aye"green`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Aye</ets> ever + <ets>green</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The houseleek <spn>(Sempervivum tectorum)</spn>.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Ayen, Ayein, Ayeins</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*yen"</hw>, <hw>A*yein"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>A*yeins"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>adv. & prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <?/, <?/. See <er>Again</er>.]</ety> <def>Again; back against.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ayenward</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*yen"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Backward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ayle</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ayle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ayel</ets>, <ets>aiel</ets>, OF. <ets>aiol</ets>, <ets>aiel</ets>, F. <ets>a\'8beul</ets>, a dim. of L. <ets>avus</ets> grandfather.]</ety> <def>A grandfather.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Writ of Ayle</col>, <cd>an ancient English writ which lay against a stranger who had dispossessed the demandant of land of which his grandfather died seized.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ayme</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ay"me`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ahi</ets> interj.]</ety> <def>The utterance of the ejaculation "Ay me !" <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Ay</er>, <i>interj</i>.</def> "<i>Aymees</i> and hearty heigh-hoes."

<i>J. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Ayond</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*yond"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep. & adv.</tt> <def>Beyond.</def> <mark>[North of Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Ayont</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*yont"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep. & adv.</tt> <def>Beyond.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Ayrie, Ayry</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw><hw>A"y*rie</hw>, <hw>A"y*ry</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Aerie</er>.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Ayrshire</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Ayr"shire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>One of a superior breed of cattle from Ayrshire, Scotland. Ayrshires are notable for the quantity and quality of their milk.</def>

<h1>Ayuntamiento</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*yun`ta*mi*en"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. OSp. <ets>ayuntar</ets> to join.]</ety> <def>In Spain and Spanish America, a corporation or body of magistrates in cities and towns, corresponding to mayor and aldermen.</def>

<h1>Azalea</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*za"le*a</hw> <tt>(?; 97)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Azaleas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ dry, -- so called because supposed to grow best in dry ground.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of showy flowering shrubs, mostly natives of China or of North America; false honeysuckle. The genus is scarcely distinct from Rhododendron.</def>

<h1>Azarole</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"a*role</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>azerole</ets>, the name of the fruit, fr. Ar. <ets>az-zo'r<?/r</ets>: cf. It. <ets>azzeruolo</ets>, Sp. <ets>acerolo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The Neapolitan medlar <spn>(Crat\'91gus azarolus)</spn>, a shrub of southern Europe; also, its fruit.</def>

<h1>Azedarach</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*zed"a*rach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>az\'82darac</ets>, Sp. <ets>acederaque</ets>, Pers. <ets>\'bez\'beddirakht</ets> noble tree.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A handsome Asiatic tree <spn>(Melia azedarach)</spn>, common in the southern United States; -- called also, <altname>Pride of India</altname>, <altname>Pride of China</altname>, and <altname>Bead tree</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The bark of the roots of the azedarach, used as a cathartic and emetic.</def>

<h1>Azimuth</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"i*muth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>azimut</ets>, F. <ets>azimut</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>as-sum<?/t</ets>, pl. of <ets>as-samt</ets> a way, or perh., a point of the horizon and a circle extending to it from the zenith, <ets>as</ets> being the Arabic article: cf. It. <ets>azzimutto</ets>, Pg. <ets>azimuth</ets>, and Ar. <ets>samt-al-r\'be's</ets> the vertex of the heaven. Cf. <er>Zenith</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron. & Geodesy)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The quadrant of an azimuth circle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An arc of the horizon intercepted between the meridian of the place and a vertical circle passing through the center of any object; <as>as, the <ex>azimuth</ex> of a star; the <ex>azimuth</ex> or bearing of a line surveying.</as></def>

<note>&hand; In trigonometrical surveying, it is customary to reckon the azimuth of a line from the south point of the horizon around by the west from 0&deg; to 360&deg;.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Azimuth circle</col>, or <col>Vertical circle</col></mcol>, <cd>one of the great circles of the sphere intersecting each other in the zenith and nadir, and cutting the horizon at right angles.</cd> <i>Hutton</i>. -- <col>Azimuth compass</col>, <cd>a compass resembling the mariner's compass, but having the card divided into degrees instead of rhumbs, and having vertical sights; used for taking the magnetic azimuth of a heavenly body, in order to find, by comparison with the true azimuth, the variation of the needle.</cd> -- <col>Azimuth dial</col>, <cd>a dial whose stile or gnomon is at right angles to the plane of the horizon.</cd> <i>Hutton</i>. -- <col>Magnetic azimuth</col>, <cd>an arc of the horizon, intercepted between the vertical circle passing through any object and the magnetic meridian. This is found by observing the object with an azimuth compass.</cd></cs>

<h1>Azimuthal</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"i*muth`al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the azimuth; in a horizontal circle.</def>

<cs><col>Azimuthal error</col> <cd>of a transit instrument, its deviation in azimuth from the plane of the meridian.</cd></cs>

<h1>Azo-</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Azote</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combining form of <i>azote</i></def>; <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Applied loosely to compounds having nitrogen variously combined, as in cyanides, nitrates, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Now especially applied to compounds containing a two atom nitrogen group uniting two hydrocarbon radicals, as in <i>azo</i>benzene, <i>azo</i>benzoic, etc. These compounds furnish many artificial dyes. See <er>Diazo-</er>.</def>

<h1>Azobenzene</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az`o*ben"zene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Azo-</ets> + <ets>benzene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance (<chform>C6H5.N2.C6H5</chform>) derived from nitrobenzene, forming orange red crystals which are easily fusible.</def>

<h1>Azoic</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ life, from <?/ to live.]</ety> <def>Destitute of any vestige of organic life, or at least of animal life; anterior to the existence of animal life; formed when there was no animal life on the globe; <as>as, the <ex>azoic</ex></as>. rocks.</def>

<cs><col>Azoic age</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the age preceding the existence of animal life, or anterior to the paleozoic tome. <i>Azoic<i> is also used as a noun, <i>age<i> being understood. See <er>Arch\'91an</er>, and <er>Eozoic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Azoleic</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az`o*le"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Azo-</ets> + <ets>oleic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to an acid produced by treating oleic with nitric acid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Azonic</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*zon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ zone, region.]</ety> <def>Confined to no zone or region; not local.</def>

<h1>Azorian</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*zo"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Azores.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A native of the Azores.</def></def2>

<h1>Azote</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"ote</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>azote</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ life; -- so named by Lavoisier because it is incapable of supporting life.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Nitrogen</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Azoth</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"oth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>azoch</ets>, <ets>azoth</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>az-zauq</ets> mercury.]</ety> <fld>(Alchemy)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The first principle of metals, <it>i. e.</it>, mercury, which was formerly supposed to exist in all metals, and to be extractable from them.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The universal remedy of Paracelsus.</def>

<h1>Azotic</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*zot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to azote, or nitrogen; formed or consisting of azote; nitric; <as>as, <ex>azotic</ex> gas; <ex>azotic</ex> acid.</as></def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carpenter.</i>

<h1>Azotite</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"o*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt formed by the combination of azotous, or nitrous, acid with a base; a nitrite.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Azotize</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"o*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Azotized</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Azotizing</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <def>To impregnate with azote, or nitrogen; to nitrogenize.</def>

<h1>Azotometer</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az`o*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Azote</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for measuring or determining the proportion of nitrogen; a nitrometer.</def>

<h1>Azotous</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*zo"tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt><def>: Nitrous; <as>as, <ex>azotous</ex> acid</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Aztec</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"tec</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to one of the early races in Mexico that inhabited the great plateau of that country at the time of the Spanish conquest in 1519.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One of the Aztec race or people.</def></def2>

<h1>Azure</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"ure</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. & OSp. <ets>azur</ets>, Sp. <ets>azul</ets>, through Ar. from Per. <ets>l\'bejaward</ets>, or <ets>l\'bejuward</ets>, lapis lazuli, a blue color, <ets>l\'bejaward\'c6</ets>, <ets>l\'bejuward\'c6</ets>, azure, cerulean, the initial <ets>l</ets> having been dropped, perhaps by the influence of the Ar. <ets>azr-aq</ets> azure, blue. Cf. G. <ets>lasur</ets>, <ets>lasur</ets>stein, azure color, azure stone, and NL. lapis <ets>lazuli</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sky-blue; resembling the clear blue color of the unclouded sky; cerulean; also, cloudless.</def>

<cs><col>Azure stone</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>the lapis lazuli; also, the lazulite.</cd></cs>

<h1>Azure</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"ure</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The lapis lazuli.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The clear blue color of the sky; also, a pigment or dye of this color.</def> "In robes of <i>azure</i>."

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The blue vault above; the unclouded sky.</def>

<blockquote>Not like those steps
On heaven's <b>azure</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A blue color, represented in engraving by horizontal parallel lines.</def>

<h1>Azure</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"ure</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To color blue.</def>

<h1>Azured</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"ured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of an azure color; sky-blue.</def> "The <i>azured</i> harebell."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Azureous</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*zu"re*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of a fine blue color; azure.</def>

<h1>Azurine</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"u*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Azurn</er>.]</ety> <def>Azure.</def>

<h1>Azurine</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"u*rine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The blue roach of Europe <spn>(Leuciscus c\'91ruleus)</spn>; -- so called from its color.</def>

<h1>Azurite</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"u*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Blue carbonate of copper; blue malachite.</def>

<h1>Azurn</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"urn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>azurin</ets>, <ets>asurin</ets>, LL. <ets>azurinus</ets>. See <er>Azure</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Azure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thick set with agate, and the <b>azurn</b> sheen
Of turkis blue, and emerald green.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Azygous</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"y*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ yoke.]</ety> <def>Odd; having no fellow; not one of a pair; single; <as>as, the <ex>azygous</ex> muscle of the uvula</as>.</def>

<h1>Azym, Azyme</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw><hw>Az"ym</hw>, <hw>Az"yme</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>azyme</ets> unleavened, L. <ets>azymus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ leaven.]</ety> <def>Unleavened bread.</def>

<h1>Azymic</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>A*zym"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Azymous.</def>

<h1>Azymite</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"y*mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>azymite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who administered the Eucharist with unleavened bread; -- a name of reproach given by those of the Greek church to the Latins.</def>

<h1>Azymous</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Az"y*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Azym</er>.]</ety> <def>Unleavened; unfermented.</def> "<i>Azymous</i> bread."

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<-- p. 109  -->

<h1>B</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>B</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <def>is the second letter of the English alphabet. (See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, §§ 196,220.) It is etymologically related to <i>p</i> , <i>v</i> , <i>f</i> , <i>w</i> and <i>m</i> , letters representing sounds having a close organic affinity to its own sound; as in Eng. <i>b</i>ursar and <i>p</i>urser; Eng.  <i>b</i>ear and Lat.  <i>p</i>ear; Eng. sil<i>v</i>er and Ger.  sil<i>b</i>er; Lat. cu<i>b</i>itum and It. go<i>m</i>ito; Eng. se<i>v</i>en, Anglo-Saxon seo<i>f</i>on, Ger. sie<i>b</i>en, Lat. se<i>p</i>tem, Gr.<?/, Sanskrit sa<i>p</i>tan. The form of letter B is Roman, from Greek B (<i>Beta</i>), of Semitic origin. The small b was formed by gradual change from the capital B.</def>

<note>In <i>Music</i>, B is the nominal of the seventh tone in the model major scale  (the scale of C major ), or of the second tone in it's relative minor scale (that of A minor ) . B&flat; stands for B flat, the tone a half step , or semitone, lower than B. In German, B stands for our B&flat;, while our B natural is called H (pronounced h\'84).</note>

<h1>Ba</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF.  <ets>baer</ets> to open mouth, F. <ets>baer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To kiss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Baa</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Baa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>b\'84en</ets>; an imitative word.]</ety> <def>To cry baa, or bleat as a sheep.</def>

<blockquote>He treble <b>baas</b> for help, but none can get.
<i> Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Baa</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Baa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Baas</plw></plu>. <ety>[Cf. G.  b\'84.]</ety> <def>The cry or bleating of a sheep; a bleat.</def>

<h1>Baaing</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Baa"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The bleating of a sheep.</def>

<i>Marryat.</i>

<h1>Baal</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>Heb. pl.  <plw>Baalim</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Heb. <ets>ba'al</ets> lord.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>The supreme male divinity of the Phoenician and Canaanitish nations.</def>

<note>&hand; The name of this god occurs in the Old Testament and elsewhere with qualifying epithets subjoined, answering to the different ideas of his character; as, <i>Baal</i>-berith (the Covenant Baal), <i>Baal</i>-zebub (Baal of the fly).</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The whole class of divinities to whom the name Baal was applied.</def>

<i>Judges x. 6.</i>

<h1>Baalism</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Worship of Baal; idolatry.</def>

<h1>Baalist, Baalite</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Ba"al*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ba"al*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A worshiper of Baal; a devotee of any false religion; an idolater.</def>

<h1>Baba</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A kind of plum cake.</def>

<h1>Babbitt</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"bitt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To line with Babbitt metal.</def>

<h1>Babbitt metal</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"bitt met`al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From the inventor, Isaac <ets>Babbitt</ets> of Massachusetts.]</ety> <def>A soft white alloy of variable composition (as a nine parts of tin to one of copper, or of fifty parts of tin to five of antimony and one of copper) used in bearings to diminish friction.</def>

<h1>Babble</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"ble</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Babbled</er> (<?/);<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Babbling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.LG. <ets>babbeln</ets>, D. <ets>babbelen</ets>, G. <ets>bappeln</ets>, <ets>bappern</ets>, F. <ets>babiller</ets>, It. <ets>babbolare</ets>; prob. orig., to keep saying <ets>ba</ets>, imitative of a child learning to talk.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter words indistinctly or unintelligibly; to utter inarticulate sounds; as a child <i>babbles</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To talk incoherently; to utter unmeaning words.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To talk much; to chatter; to prate.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make a continuous murmuring noise, as shallow water running over stones.</def>

<blockquote>In every <b>babbling</b> he finds a friend.
<i> Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Hounds are said to <i>babble</i>, or to be <i>babbling</i>, when they are too noisy after having found a good scent.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- To prate; prattle; chatter; gossip.</syn>

<h1>Babble</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"ble</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter in an indistinct or incoherent way; to repeat,as words, in a childish way without understanding.</def>

<blockquote>These [words] he used to <b>babble</b> in all companies.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To disclose by too free talk, as a secret.</def>

<h1>Babble</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Idle talk; senseless prattle; gabble; twaddle.</def> "This is mere moral <i>babble</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inarticulate speech; constant or confused murmur.</def>

<blockquote>    The <b>babble</b> of our young children.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>babble</b> of the stream.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Babblement</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"ble*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Babble.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Babbler</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An idle talker; an irrational prater; a teller of secrets.</def>

<blockquote>    Great <b>babblers</b>, or talkers, are not fit for trust.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hound too noisy on finding a good scent.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name given to any one of family <spn>(Timalin\'91)</spn> of thrushlike birds, having a chattering note.</def>

<h1>Babblery</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"ble*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Babble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Sir T. More</i>

<h1>Babe</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Babe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Ir. <ets>bab</ets>, <ets>baban</ets>, W. <ets>baban</ets>, <ets>maban</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An infant; a young child of either sex; a baby.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A doll for children.</def>

<i> Spenser.</i>

<h1>Babehood</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Babe"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Babyhood.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Babel</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"bel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>B\'bebel</ets>, the name of the capital of Babylonia; in Genesis associated with the idea of "confusion"]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The city and tower in the land of Shinar, where the confusion of languages took place.</def>

<blockquote>Therefore is the name of it called <b>Babel</b>.
<i>Gen. xi. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A place or scene of noise and confusion; a confused mixture of sounds, as of voices or languages.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>babel</b> of strange heathen languages.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The grinding <b>babel</b> of the street.
<i>R. L. Stevenson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Babery</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. orig. for <ets>baboonery</ets>. Cf. <er>Baboon</er>, and also <er>Babe</er>.]</ety> <def>Finery of a kind to please a child.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "Painted <i>babery</i>."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Babian, Babion</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Ba"bi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ba"bi*on</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Baboon</er>]</ety> <def>A baboon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Babillard</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"il*lard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a babbler.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lesser whitethroat of Europe; -- called also <altname>babbling warbler</altname>.</def>

<h1>Babingtonite</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"ing*ton*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Dr. <ets>Babbington</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occurring in triclinic crystals approaching pyroxene in angle, and of a greenish black color.  It is a silicate of iron, manganese, and lime.</def>

<h1>Babiroussa, Babirussa</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Bab`i*rous"sa</hw>, <hw>Bab`i*rus"sa</hw><hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>babiroussa</ets>, fr.Malay <ets>b\'beb\'c6</ets> hog + <ets>r<?/sa</ets> deer.]</ety> (<fld>Zo\'94l</fld>.) <def>A large hoglike quadruped (<spn>Sus, or Porcus, babirussa</spn>) of the East Indies, sometimes domesticated; the Indian hog. Its upper canine teeth or tusks are large and recurved.</def>

<h1>Babish</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a babe; a childish; babyish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Babish</i> imbecility." Drayton. -- <wordforms><wf>Bab"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Bab"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Babism</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Bab</ets> (Pers. <ets>bab</ets> a gate), the title assumed by the founder, Mirza Ali Mohammed.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of a modern religious sect, which originated in Persia in 1843, being a mixture of Mohammedan, Christian, Jewish and Parsee elements.</def>

<h1>Babist</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A believer in Babism.</def>

<h1>Bablah</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"lah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Per. <ets>bab<?/l</ets> a species of mimosa yielding gum arabic.]</ety> <def>The ring of the fruit of several East Indian species of acacia; neb-neb. It contains gallic acid and tannin, and is used for dyeing drab.</def>

<h1>Baboo, Babu</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Ba"boo</hw>, <hw>Ba"bu</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>b\'beb<?/</ets> ]</ety> <def>A Hindoo gentleman; native clerk who writes English; also, a Hindoo title answering to <i>Mr</i>.  or <i>Esquire</i>.</def>

<i>Whitworth.</i>

<h1>Baboon</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab*oon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>babewin</ets>, <ets>baboin</ets>, fr.F. <ets>babouin</ets>, or LL. <ets>babewynus</ets>. Of unknown origin; cf. D. <ets>baviaan</ets>, G. <ets>pavian</ets>, <ets>baboon</ets>, F. <ets>babin</ets> lip of ape, dogs, etc., dial. G. <ets>b\'84ppe</ets> mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Old World Quadrumana, of the genera <i>Cynocephalus</i> and Papio; the dog-faced ape. Baboons have dog-like muzzles and large canine teeth, cheek pouches, a short tail, and naked callosities on the buttocks. They are mostly African. See <er>Mandrill</er>, and <er>Chacma</er>, and <er>Drill</er> an ape.</def>

<h1>Baboonery</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab*oon"ery</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Baboonish behavior.</def>

<i> Marryat.</i>

<h1>Baboonish</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab*oon"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a baboon.</def>

<h1>Baby</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Babies</plw></plu>. <ety>[Dim. of <ets>babe</ets>]</ety> <def> An infant or young child of either sex; a babe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small image of an infant; a doll.</def>

<cs><col>Babies in the eyes</col>, <cd>the minute reflection which one sees of one's self in the eyes of another.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>She clung about his neck, gave him ten kisses,
Toyed with his locks, looked <b>babies in his eyes</b>.
<i> Heywood.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Baby</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, an infant; young or little; <as>as, <ex>baby</ex> swans</as>.</def> "<i>Baby</i> figure"

<i> Shak.</i>

<h1>Baby</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Babied</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt><er>Babying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To treat like a young child; to keep dependent; to humor; to fondle.</def>

<i> Young.</i>

<h1>Baby farm</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by farm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A place where the nourishment and care of babies are offered for hire.</def>

<h1>Baby farmer</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by farm`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>One who keeps a baby farm.</def>

<h1>Baby farming</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by farm`ing</hw>. <def>The business of keeping a baby farm.</def>

<h1>Babyhood</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or period of infancy.</def>

<h1>Babyhouse</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by*house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>A place for children's dolls and dolls' furniture.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Babyish</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a baby; childish; puerile; simple.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ba"by*ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ba"by*ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Babyism</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being a baby.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A babyish manner of acting or speaking.</def>

<h1>Baby jumper</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by jump`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A hoop suspended by an elastic strap, in which a young child may be held secure while amusing itself by jumping on the floor.</def>

<h1>Babylonian</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab`y*lo"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the real or to the mystical Babylon, or to the ancient kingdom of Babylonia; Chaldean.</def>

<h1>Babylonian</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab`y*lo"ni*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inhabitant of Babylonia  (which included Chaldea); a Chaldean.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An astrologer; -- so called because the Chaldeans were remarkable for the study of astrology.</def>

<h1>Babylonic, Babylonical</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Bab`y*lon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bab`y*lon"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to Babylon, or made there; as <i>Babylonic</i> garments,carpets, or hangings.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tumultuous; disorderly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Sir J. Harrington.</i>

<h1>Babylonish</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bab"y*lo`nish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to, or made in, Babylon or Babylonia.</def> "A <i>Babylonish</i> garment."

<i> Josh. vii. 21.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to the Babylon of <i>Revelation</i> xiv.8.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pertaining to Rome and papal power.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The . . . injurious nickname of <b>Babylonish</b>.
<i> Gape.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Confused; Babel-like.</def>

<h1>Babyroussa, Babyrussa</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Bab`y*rous"sa</hw>, <hw>Bab`y*rus"sa</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Babyroussa</er>.</def>

<h1>Babyship</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Ba"by*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being a baby; the personality of an infant.</def>

<h1>Bac</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Back</er> a vat]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A broad, flatbottomed ferryboat, usually worked by a rope.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vat or cistern. See 1st <er>Back</er>.</def>

<h1>Baccalaureate</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac"ca*lau"re*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>baccalaureatus</ets>, fr.LL. <ets>baccalaureus</ets> a bachelor of arts, fr. <ets>baccalarius</ets>, but as if fr L. <ets>bacca lauri</ets> bayberry, from the practice of the bachelor's wearing a garland of bayberries. See <er>Bachelor</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The degree of bachelor of arts. (B.A. or A.B.), the first or lowest academical degree conferred by universities and colleges.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A baccalaureate sermon.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Baccalaureate</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac`ca*lau"re*ate</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a bachelor of arts.</def>

<cs><col>Baccalaureate sermon</col>, <cd>in some American colleges, a sermon delivered as a farewell discourse to a graduating class.</cd></cs>

<h1>Baccara, Baccarat</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Bac`ca*ra"</hw>, <hw>Bac`ca*rat"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A French game of cards, played by a banker and punters.</def>

<h1>Baccare, Backare</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Bac*ca"re</hw>, <hw>Bac*ka"re</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>Stand back! give place! -- a cant word of the Elizabethan writers, probably in ridicule of some person who pretended to a knowledge of Latin which he did not possess.</def>

<blockquote><b>Baccare</b>! you are marvelous forward.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Baccate</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>baccatus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bacca</ets> berry.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pulpy throughout, like a berry; -- said of fruits.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Baccated</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac"ca*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having many berries.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Set or adorned with pearls.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bacchanal</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac"cha*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Bacchanalis</ets>. See <er>Bacchanalia</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to Bacchus or his festival.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Engaged in drunken revels; drunken and riotous or noisy.</def>

<h1>Bacchanal</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac"cha*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A devotee of Bacchus; one who indulges in drunken revels; one who is noisy and riotous when intoxicated; a carouser.</def> "Tipsy <i>bacchanals</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The festival of Bacchus; the bacchanalia.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Drunken revelry; an orgy.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A song or dance in honor of Bacchus.</def>

<h1>Bacchanalia</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac`cha*na"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Bacchanal</ets> a place devoted to Bacchus; in the pl. <ets>Bacchanalia</ets> a feast of Bacchus, fr. <ets>Bacchus</ets> the god of wine, Gr. <?/]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A feast or an orgy in honor of Bacchus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A drunken feast; drunken reveler.</def>

<h1>Bacchanalian</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac`cha*na"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the festival of Bacchus; relating to or given to reveling and drunkenness.</def>

<blockquote>Even <b>bacchanalian</b> madness has its charms.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bacahanalian</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac`aha*na"li*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bacchanal; a drunken reveler.</def>

<h1>Bacchanalianism</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac`cha*na"li*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice of bacchanalians; bacchanals; drunken revelry.</def>

<h1>Bacchant</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac"chant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>;   <plu>pl.   E. <plw>Bacchants</plw>,   L. <plw>Bacchantes</plw></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>bacchans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.  pr.  of <ets>bacchari</ets>   to celebrate the festival of Bacchus.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A priest of Bacchus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bacchanal; a reveler.</def>

<i>Croly.</i>

<h1>Bacchant</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac"chant</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bacchanalian; fond of drunken revelry; wine-loving; reveling; carousing.</def>

<i> Byron.</i>

<h1>Bacchante</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac"chante</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>L. pl. <plw>Bacchantes</plw>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A priestess of Bacchus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A female bacchanal.</def>

<h1>Bacchantic</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac*chan"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bacchanalian.</def>

<h1>Bacchic, Bacchical</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Bac"chic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bac"chic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Bacchicus</ets>, Gr. <?/]</ety> <def>Of or relating to Bacchus; hence, jovial, or riotous,with intoxication.</def>

<h1>Bacchius</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac*chi"us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bacchii</plw></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>Bacchius</ets> pes, Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/ foot).]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A metrical foot composed of a short syllable and two long ones; according to some, two long and a short.</def>

<h1>Bacchus</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac"chus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>The god of wine, son of Jupiter and Semele.</def>

<h1>Bacciferous</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac*cif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>baccifer</ets>; <ets>bacca</ets> berry + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear]</ety> <def>Producing berries.</def> " <i>Bacciferous</i> trees."

<i> Ray.</i>

<h1>Bacciform</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac"ci*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bacca</ets> berry + <ets>-form</ets>. ]</ety> <def>Having the form of a berry.</def>

<h1>Baccivorous</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bac*civ"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bacca</ets> berry + <ets>varare</ets> to devour.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Eating, or subsisting on, berries; <as>as, <ex>baccivorous</ex> birds</as>.</def>

<h1>Bace</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n., a., & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Base</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bacharach, Backarack</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Bach"a*rach</hw>, <hw>Back"a*rack</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of wine made at <ets>Bacharach</ets> on the Rhine.</def>

<h1>Bacheelor</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Bache"e*lor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bacheler</ets> young man, F. <ets>bachelier</ets>  (cf.Pr. <ets>bacalar</ets>, Sp.<ets>bachiller</ets>, Pg. <ets>bacharel</ets>, It. <ets>baccalare</ets>), LL. <ets>baccalarius</ets> the tenant of a kind of farm called <ets>baccalaria</ets>, a soldier not old or rich enough to lead his retainers into battle with a banner, person of an inferior academical degree aspiring to a doctorate.  In the latter sense, it was afterward changed to baccalaureus. See <er>Baccalaureate</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A man of any age who has not been married.</def>

<blockquote>As merry and mellow an old <b>bachelor</b> as ever followed a hound.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An unmarried woman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<-- p. 110  -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person who has taken the first or lowest degree in the liberal arts, or in some branch of science, at a college or university; <as>as, a <ex>bachelor</ex> of arts</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A knight who had no standard of his own, but fought under the standard of another in the field; often, a young knight.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>In the companies of London tradesmen, one not yet admitted to wear the livery; a junior member.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of bass, an edible fresh-water fish <spn>(Pomoxys annularis)</spn> of the southern United States.</def>

<h1>Bachelordom</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Bach"e*lor*dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of bachelorhood; the whole body of bachelors.</def>

<h1>Bachelorhood</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Bach"e*lor*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of being a bachelor; bachelorship.</def>

<h1>Bachelorism</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Bach"e*lor*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bachelorhood; also, a manner or peculiarity belonging to bachelors.</def>

<i> W. Irving.</i>

<h1>Bachelor's button</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Bach"e*lor's but"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, <fld>(Bot.)</fld> A plant with flowers shaped like buttons; especially, several species of <spn>Ranunculus</spn>, and the cornflower (<spn>Centaures cyanus</spn>) and globe amaranth <spn>(Gomphrena)</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Bachelor's buttons</i>, a name given to several flowers "from their similitude to the jagged cloathe buttons, anciently worne in this kingdom", according to Johnson's <i>Gerarde, p.472 (1633)</i>; but by other writers ascribed to "a habit of country fellows to carry them in their pockets to divine their success with their sweethearts."

<i> Dr. Prior.</i>
</note>

<h1>Bachelorship</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Bach"e*lor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a bachelor.</def>

<h1>Bachelry</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Bach"el*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bachelerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The body of young aspirants for knighthood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bacillar</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Ba*cil"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bacillum</ets> little staff.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a rod or staff.</def>

<h1>Bacillari\'91</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Bac"il*la`ri*\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr.L. <ets>bacillum</ets>, dim. of <ets>baculum</ets> stick.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Diatom</er>.</def>

<h1>Bacillary</h1>
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<hw>Bac"il*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to little rods; rod-shaped.</def>

<h1>Bacilliform</h1>
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<hw>Ba*cil"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bacillum</ets> little staff + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rod-shaped.</def>

<h1>Bacillus</h1>
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<hw>Ba*cil"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bacilli</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., for L. <i>bacillum</i>. See <er>Bacillarle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A variety of bacterium; a microscopic, rod-shaped vegetable organism.</def>

<h1>Back</h1>
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<hw>Back</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bac</ets>: cf. Arm. <ets>bak</ets> tray, bowl.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> A large shallow vat; a cistern, tub, or trough, used by brewers, distillers, dyers, picklers, gluemakers, and others, for mixing or cooling wort, holding water, hot glue, etc.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Hop back</col>, <col>Jack back</col></mcol>, <cd>the cistern which receives the infusion of malt and hops from the copper.</cd> --  <col>Wash back</col>, <cd>a vat in which distillers ferment the wort to form wash.</cd> -- <col>Water back</col>, <cd>a cistern to hold a supply of water; esp. a small cistern at the back of a stove, or a group of pipes set in the fire box of a stove or furnace, through which water circulates and is heated.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A ferryboat.  See <er>Bac</er>, 1</def>

<h1>Back</h1>
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<hw>Back</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[As <ets>b\'91c</ets>, <ets>bac</ets>; akin to Icel., Sw., & LG. <ets>bak</ets>, Dan. <ets>bag</ets>; cf. OHG. <ets>bahho</ets> ham, Skr. <ets>bhaj</ets> to turn, OSlav. <ets>b<?/g<?/</ets> flight. Cf. <er>Bacon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In human beings, the hinder part of the body, extending from the neck to the end of the spine; in other animals, that part of the body which corresponds most nearly to such part of a human being; <as>as, the <ex>back</ex> of a horse, fish, or lobster</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An extended upper part, as of a mountain or ridge.</def>

<blockquote>[The mountains] their broad bare <b>backs</b> upheave
Into the clouds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The outward or upper part of a thing, as opposed to the inner or lower part; <as>as, the <ex>back</ex> of the hand, the <ex>back</ex> of the foot, the <ex>back</ex> of a hand rail</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Methought Love pitying me, when he saw this,
Gave me your hands, the <b>backs</b> and palms to kiss.
<i> Donne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The part opposed to the front; the hinder or rear part of a thing; <as>as, the <ex>back</ex> of a book; the <ex>back</ex> of an army; the <ex>back</ex> of a chimney.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The part opposite to, or most remote from, that which fronts the speaker or actor; or the part out of sight, or not generally seen; <as>as, the <ex>back</ex> of an island, of a hill, or of a village</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The part of a cutting tool on the opposite side from its edge; <as>as, the <ex>back</ex> of a knife, or of a saw</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A support or resource in reserve.</def>

<blockquote>This project
Should have a <b>back</b> or second, that might hold,
If this should blast in proof.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The keel and keelson of a ship.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The upper part of a lode, or the roof of a horizontal underground passage.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>A garment for the back; hence, clothing.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>bak</b> to walken inne by daylight.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Behind one's back</col>, <cd>when one is absent; without one's knowledge; <as>as, to ridicule a person <ex>behind his back</ex></as></cd>. -- <mcol><col>Full back</col>, <col>Half back</col>, <col>Quarter back</col></mcol> (<fld>Football</fld>), <cd>players stationed behind those in the front line</cd>. -- <col>To be or lie on one's back</col>, <cd>to be helpless</cd>. -- <mcol><col>To put</col>, <col>or get</col>, <col>one's back up</col></mcol>, <cd>to assume an attitude of obstinate resistance (from the action of a cat when attacked.)</cd>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To see the back of</col>, <cd>to get rid of</cd>.  -- <col>To turn the back</col>, <cd>to go away; to flee</cd>. -- <col>To turn the back on one</col>, <cd>to forsake or neglect him.</cd></cs>

<h1>Back</h1>
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<hw>Back</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being at the back or in the rear; distant; remote; <as>as, the <ex>back</ex> door; <ex>back</ex> settlements.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Being in arrear; overdue; <as>as, <ex>back</ex> rent</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Moving or operating backward; <as>as, <ex>back</ex> action</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Back charges</col>, <cd>charges brought forward after an account has been made up.</cd> -- <col>Back filling</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the mass of materials used in filling up the space between two walls, or between the inner and outer faces of a wall, or upon the haunches of an arch or vault.</cd>  --  <col>Back pressure</col>. <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Pressure</er>.</cd> -- <col>Back rest</col>, <cd>a guide attached to the slide rest of a lathe, and placed in contact with the work, to steady it in turning.</cd> -- <col>Back slang</col>, <cd>a kind of slang in which every word is written or pronounced backwards; as, <i>nam</i> for <i>man</i>.</cd> -- <col>Back stairs</col>, <cd>stairs in the back part of a house; private stairs.  Also used adjectively. See <er>Back stairs</er>, <er>Backstairs</er>, and <er>Backstair</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Back step</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the retrograde movement of a man or body of men, without changing front.</cd> -- <col>Back stream</col>, <cd>a current running against the main current of a stream; an eddy.</cd>  --  <col>To take the back track</col>, <cd>to retrace one's steps; to retreat.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Back</h1>
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<hw>Back</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Backed</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Backing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To get upon the back of; to mount.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>back</b> him [a horse] straight.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place or seat upon the back.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Great Jupiter, upon his eagle <b>backed</b>,
Appeared to me.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To drive or force backward; to cause to retreat or recede; <as>as, to <ex>back</ex> oxen</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make a back for; to furnish with a back; <as>as, to <ex>back</ex> books</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To adjoin behind; to be at the back of.</def>

<blockquote>A garden . . . with a vineyard <b>backed</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The chalk cliffs which <b>back</b> the beach.
<i>Huxley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To write upon the back of; <as>as, to <ex>back</ex> a letter</as>; to indorse; <as>as, to <ex>back</ex> a note or legal document</as>.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To support; to maintain; to second or strengthen by aid or influence; <as>as, to <ex>back</ex>   a friend</as>.</def> "Parliament would be <i>backed</i> by the people."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>Have still found it necessary to <b>back</b> and fortify their laws with rewards and punishments.
<i> South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The mate <b>backed</b> the captain manfully.
<i> Blackw. Mag.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To bet on the success of; -- as, to <i>back</i> a race horse.</def>

<cs><col>To back an anchor</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to lay down a small anchor ahead of a large one, the cable of the small one being fastened to the crown of the large one.</cd> -- <col>To back the field</col>, <cd>in horse racing, to bet against a particular horse or horses, that some one of all the other horses, collectively designated "the field", will win.</cd> -- <col>To back the oars</col>, <cd>to row backward with the oars.</cd>  -- <col>To back a rope</col>, <cd>to put on a preventer.</cd> -- <col>To back the sails</col>, <cd>to arrange them so as to cause the ship to move astern.</cd>  -- <col>To back up</col>, <cd>to support; to sustain; as, to back up one's friends.</cd> -- <col>To back a warrant</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>is for a justice of the peace, in the county where the warrant is to be executed, to sign or indorse a warrant, issued in another county, to apprehend an offender.</cd> -- <col>To back water</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,  <cd>to reverse the action of the oars, paddles, or propeller, so as to force the boat or ship backward.</cd></cs>

<h1>Back</h1>
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<hw>Back</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move or go backward; <as>as, the horse refuses to <ex>back</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To change from one quarter to another by a course opposite to that of the sun; -- used of the wind.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Sporting)</fld> <def>To stand still behind another dog which has poined; -- said of a dog.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>To back and fill</col>, <cd>to manage the sails of a ship so that the wind strikes them alternately in front and behind, in order to keep the ship in the middle of a river or channel while the current or tide carries the vessel against the wind.</cd>  Hence: (<i>Fig</i>.) <cd>To take opposite positions alternately; to assert and deny.</cd>  <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>To back out</col>, <col>To back down</col></mcol>, <cd>to retreat or withdraw from a promise, engagement, or contest; to recede.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<blockquote>Cleon at first . . . was willing to go; but, finding that he [Nicias] was in earnest, he tried to <b>back out</b>.
<i> Jowett (Thucyd. )</i></blockquote>

<h1>Back</h1>
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<hw>Back</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Shortened from <ets>aback</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In, to, or toward, the rear; <as>as, to stand <ex>back</ex>; to step <ex>back</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To the place from which one came; to the place or person from which something is taken or derived; <as>as, to go <ex>back</ex> for something left behind; to go <ex>back</ex> to one's native place; to put a book <ex>back</ex> after reading it.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To a former state, condition, or station; <as>as, to go <ex>back</ex> to private life; to go <ex>back</ex> to barbarism.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>( Of time) In times past; ago.</def> "Sixty or seventy years <i>back</i>."

<i> Gladstone.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Away from contact; by reverse movement.</def>

<blockquote>The angel of the Lord . . . came, and rolled <b>back</b> the stone from the door.
<i> Matt. xxvii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>In concealment or reserve; in one's own possession; <as>as, to keep <ex>back</ex> the truth; to keep <ex>back</ex> part of the money due to another.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>In a state of restraint or hindrance.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord hath kept thee <b>back</b> from honor.
<i> Numb. xxiv. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>In return, repayment, or requital.</def>

<blockquote>What have I to give you <b>back</b>!
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>In withdrawal from a statement, promise, or undertaking; <as>as, he took <ex>back</ex>0 the offensive words</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>In arrear; <as>as, to be <ex>back</ex> in one's rent</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Back and forth</col>, <cd>backwards and forwards; to and fro.</cd>  --  <col>To go back on</col>, <cd>to turn back from; to abandon; to betray; <as>as, <ex>to go back on<ex> a friend; <ex>to go back on<ex> one's professions</as>.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Backarack</h1>
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<hw>Back"a*rack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bacharach</er>.</def>

<h1>Backare</h1>
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<hw>Bac*ka"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Baccare</er>.</def>

<h1>Backband</h1>
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<hw>Back"band`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[2nd <ets>back</ets> ,<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>band</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Saddlery)</fld> <def>The band which passes over the back of a horse and holds up the shafts of a carriage.</def>

<h1>Backbite</h1>
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<hw>Back"bite`</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[2nd <ets>back</ets>, n., + <ets>bite</ets>]</ety> <def>To wound by clandestine detraction; to censure meanly or spitefully (as absent person); to slander or speak evil of (one absent).</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Backbite</h1>
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<hw>Back"bite`</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To censure or revile the absent.</def>

<blockquote>They are arrant knaves, and will <b>backbite</b>.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backbiter</h1>
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<hw>Back"bit`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who backbites; a secret calumniator or detractor.</def>

<h1>Backbiting</h1>
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<hw>Back"bit`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Secret slander; detraction.</def>

<blockquote><b>Backbiting</b>, and bearing of false witness.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backboard</h1>
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<hw>Back"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[2nd <ets>back</ets>, n. + <ets>board</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A board which supports the back wen one is sitting;</def>

<note>specifically, the board athwart the after part of a boat.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A board serving as the back part of anything, as of a wagon.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A thin stuff used for the backs of framed pictures, mirrors, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A board attached to the rim of a water wheel to prevent the water from running off the floats or paddies into the interior of the wheel.</def>

<i> W. Nicholson.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A board worn across the back to give erectness to the figure.</def>

<i> Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Backbond</h1>
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<hw>Back"bond`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv. +  <ets>bond</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>An instrument which, in conjunction with another making an absolute disposition, constitutes a trust.</def>

<h1>Backbone</h1>
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<hw>Back"bone"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[2d <ets>back</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>bone</ets>. ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The column of bones in the back which sustains and gives firmness to the frame; the spine; the vertebral or spinal column.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything like , or serving the purpose of, a backbone.</def>

<blockquote>The lofty mountains on the north side compose the granitic axis, or <b>backbone</b> of the country.
<i> Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We have now come to the <b>backbone</b> of our subject.
<i> Earle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Firmness; moral principle; steadfastness.</def>

<blockquote>Shelley's thought never had any <b>backbone</b>.
<i> Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To the backbone</col>, <cd>through and through; thoroughly; entirely.</cd>  "Staunch <i>to the backbone<i>."

<i>Lord Lytton.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Backboned</h1>
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<hw>Back"boned"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Vertebrate.</def>

<h1>Backcast</h1>
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<hw>Back"cast`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv.+  <ets>cast</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anything which brings misfortune upon one, or causes failure in an effort or enterprise; a reverse.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Back door</h1>
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<hw>Back" door"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A door in the back part of a building; hence, an indirect way.</def>

<i> Atterbury.</i>

<h1>Backdoor</h1>
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<hw>Back"door"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Acting from behind and in concealment; as <i>backdoor</i> intrigues.</def>

<h1>Backdown</h1>
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<hw>Back"down`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A receding or giving up; a complete      surrender.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Backed</h1>
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<hw>Backed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a back; fitted with a back; <as>as, a <ex>backed</ex> electrotype or stereotype plate</as>.  Used in composition; <as>as, broad- <ex>backed</ex>; hump-<ex>backed</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Backer</h1>
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<hw>Back"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, backs; especially one who backs a person or thing in a contest.</def>

<h1>Backfall</h1>
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<hw>Back"fall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[2nd <ets>back</ets> ,n. + <ets>fall</ets>]</ety> <def>A fall or throw on the back in wrestling.</def>

<h1>Backfriend</h1>
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<hw>Back"friend`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>or adv. + <ets>friend</ets>]</ety> <def>A secret enemy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> South.</i>

<h1>Backgammon</h1>
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<hw>Back"gam`mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Origin unknown; perhaps fr.Dan. <ets>bakke</ets> tray +  E. <ets>game</ets>; or very likely the first part is from E.<ets>back</ets>, adv., and the game is so called because the men are often set <ets>back</ets>.]</ety> <def>A game of chance and skill, played by two persons on a "board" marked off into twenty-four spaces called "points". Each player has fifteen pieces, or "men", the movements of which from point to point are determined by throwing dice.  Formerly called <i>tables</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Backgammon board</col> , <cd>a board for playing backgammon, often made in the form of two rectangular trays hinged together, each tray containing two "tables".</cd></cs>

<h1>Backgammon</h1>
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<hw>Back"gam`mon</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>In the game of backgammon, to beat by ending the game before the loser is clear of his first "table".</def>

<h1>Background</h1>
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<hw>Back"ground`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a. + <ets>ground</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Ground in the rear or behind, or in the distance, as opposed to the foreground, or the ground in front.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>The space which is behind and subordinate to a portrait or group of figures.</def>

<note>&hand; The distance in a picture is usually divided into foreground, middle distance, and <i>background</i>.</note>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything behind, serving as a foil; <as>as, the statue had a <ex>background</ex> of red hangings</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A place in obscurity or retirement, or out of sight.</def>

<blockquote>I fancy there was a <b>background</b> of grinding and waiting before Miss Torry could produce this highly finished . . . performance.
<i>Mrs. Alexander.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A husband somewhere in the <b>background</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backhand</h1>
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<hw>Back"hand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv. +  <ets>hand</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of handwriting in which the downward slope of the letters is from left to right.</def>

<h1>Backhand</h1>
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<hw>Back"hand`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sloping from left to right; -- said of handwriting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Backhanded; indirect; oblique.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Backhanded</h1>
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<hw>Back"hand`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With the hand turned backward; <as>as, a <ex>backhanded</ex> blow</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Indirect; awkward; insincere; sarcastic; <as>as, a <ex>backhanded</ex> compliment</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Turned back, or inclining to the left; <as>as, a <ex>backhanded</ex> letters</as>.</def>

<h1>Backhandedness</h1>
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<hw>Back"hand`ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>   <def>State   of being backhanded; the using of backhanded or indirect methods.</def>

<h1>Backhander</h1>
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<hw>Back"hand`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A backhanded blow.</def>

<h1>Backhouse</h1>
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<hw>Back"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a.  + <ets>house</ets>.]</ety> <def>A building behind the main building. Specifically: A privy; a necessary.</def>

<h1>Backing</h1>
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<hw>Back"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of moving backward, or of putting or moving anything backward.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is behind, and forms the back of, anything, usually giving strength or stability.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Support or aid given to a person or cause.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld> <def>The preparation of the back of a book with glue, etc., before putting on the cover.</def>

<h1>Backjoint</h1>
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<hw>Back"joint`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Back</ets> , a. or adv. + <ets>joint</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A rebate or chase in masonry left to receive a permanent slab or other filling.</def>

<h1>Backlash</h1>
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<hw>Back"lash`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets> , adv. + <ets>lash</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The distance through which one part of connected machinery, as a wheel, piston, or screw, can be moved without moving the connected parts, resulting from looseness in fitting or from wear; also, the jarring or reflex motion caused in badly fitting machinery by irregularities in velocity or a reverse of motion.</def>

<h1>Backless</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a back.</def>

<h1>Backlog</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw>Back"log`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a. + <ets>log</ets>.]</ety> <def>A large stick of wood, forming the of a fire on the hearth.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<blockquote>There was first a <b>backlog</b>, from fifteen to four and twenty inches in diameter and five feet long, imbedded in the ashes.
<i> S. G. Goodrich.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backpiece, Backplate</h1>
<Xpage=110>

<hw><hw>Back"piece`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Back"plate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>or a. +  <ets>piece</ets>, <ets>plate</ets>. ]</ety> <def>A piece, or plate which forms the back of anything, or which covers the back; armor for the back.</def>

<-- p. 111  -->

<h1>Backrack, Backrag</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw><hw>Back"rack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Back"rag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bacharach</er>.</def>

<h1>Backs</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Backs</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.  pl.</tt> <def>Among leather dealers, the thickest and stoutest tanned hides.</def>

<h1>Backsaw</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"saw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[2d <ets>back</ets>,n.+ <ets>saw</ets>.]</ety> <def>A saw (as a tenon saw) whose blade is stiffened by an added metallic back.</def>

<h1>Backset</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"set`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>    <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv.  +   <ets>set</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A check; a relapse; a discouragement; a setback.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Whatever is thrown back in its course, as water.</def>

<blockquote>Slackwater, or the <b>backset</b> caused by the overflow.
<i>Harper's Mag.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backset</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"set`</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To plow again, in the fall;  -- said of prairie land broken up in the spring.</def> <mark>[Western U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Backsettler</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"set"tler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a.  +  <ets>settler</ets>.]</ety> <def>One living in the back or outlying districts of a community.</def>

<blockquote>The English <b>backsettlers</b> of Leinster and Munster.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backsheesh, Backshish</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw><hw>Back"sheesh`</hw>, <hw>Back"shish`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pers. <ets>bakhsh\'c6sh</ets>, fr.  <ets>bakhsh\'c6dan</ets> to give.]</ety> <def>In Egypt and the Turkish empire, a gratuity; a "tip".</def>

<h1>Backside</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"side`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a. + <ets>side</ets>. ]</ety> <def>The hinder part, posteriors, or rump of a person or animal.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Backside</i> (one word) was formerly used of the rear part or side of any thing or place, but in such senses is now two words.</note>

<h1>Backsight</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"sight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv.  + <ets>sight</ets>. ]</ety> <fld>(Surv.)</fld> <def>The reading of the leveling staff in its unchanged position when the leveling instrument has been taken to a new position; a sight directed backwards to a station previously occupied.  Cf. <er>Foresight</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Backslide</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back`slide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt>   <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Backslid</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.p.</tt> <er>Backslidden</er> <tt>(?)</tt>,    <er>Backslid</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>.  <er>Backsliding</er>. ]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets> , adv.+ <ets>slide</ets>.]</ety> <def>To slide back; to fall away; esp. to abandon gradually the faith and practice of a religion that has been professed.</def>




<h1>Backslider</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"slid"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who backslides.</def>

<h1>Backsliding</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"slid"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Slipping back; falling back into sin or error; sinning.</def>

<blockquote>Turn, O <b>backsliding</b> children, saith the Lord.
<i>Jer. iii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backsliding</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"slid"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of one who backslides; abandonment of faith or duty.</def>

<blockquote>Our <b>backslidings</b> are many.
<i>Jer. xiv. 7.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backstaff</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"staff`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instrument formerly used for taking the altitude of the heavenly bodies, but now superseded by the quadrant and sextant;  -- so called because the observer turned his back to the body observed.</def>

<h1>Back stairs</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back" stairs`</hw>. <def>Stairs in the back part of a house, as distinguished from the <i>front stairs</i>; hence, a private or indirect way.</def>

<h1>Backstairs, Backstair</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw><hw>Back"stairs`</hw>, <hw>Back"stair`</hw><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Private; indirect; secret; intriguing; as if finding access by the back stairs.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>backstairs</b> influence.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Female caprice and <b>backstairs</b> influence.
<i>Trevelyan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backstay</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"stay`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a. or<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>stay</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope or stay extending from the masthead to the side of a ship, slanting a little aft, to assist the shrouds in supporting the mast.</def> <mark>[ Often used in the plural.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rope or strap used to prevent excessive forward motion.</def>

<h1>Backster</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Baxter</er>.]</ety> <def>A backer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Backstitch</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"stitch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv. +  <ets>stitch</ets>.]</ety> <def>A stitch made by setting the needle back of the end of the last stitch, and bringing it out in front of the end.</def>

<h1>Backstitch</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"stitch`</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sew with backstitches; <as>as, to <ex>backstitch</ex> a seam</as>.</def>

<h1>Backstress</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"stress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female baker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Backsword</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"sword`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[2d <ets>back</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>sword</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sword with one sharp edge.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In   England, a stick with a basket handle, used in rustic amusements; also, the game in which the stick is used.  Also called <i>singlestick</i>.</def>

<i> Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Backward, Backwards</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw><hw>Back"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Back"wards</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv. +  <ets>-ward</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With the back in advance or foremost; <as>as, to ride <ex>backward</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Toward the back; toward the rear; <as>as, to throw the arms <ex>backward</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>On the back, or with the back downward.</def>

<blockquote>Thou wilt fall <b>backward</b>.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Toward, or in, past time or events; ago.</def>

<blockquote>Some reigns <b>backward</b>.
<i> Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>By way of reflection; reflexively.</def>

<i> Sir J. Davies.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>From a better to a worse state, as from honor to shame, from religion to sin.</def>

<blockquote>The work went <b>backward</b>.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>In a contrary or reverse manner, way, or direction; contrarily; <as>as, to read <ex>backwards</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>We might have . . . beat them <b>backward</b> home.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backward</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"ward</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Directed to the back or rear; <as>as, <ex>backward</ex> glances</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating; loath.</def>

<blockquote>For wiser brutes were <b>backward</b> to be slaves.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not well advanced in learning; not quick of apprehension; dull; inapt; <as>as, a <ex>backward</ex> child</as>.</def> "The <i>backward</i> learner."

<i> South.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Late or behindhand; <as>as, a <ex>backward</ex> season</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Not advanced in civilization; undeveloped; <as>as, the country or region is in a <ex>backward</ex> state</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Already past or gone; bygone.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>And flies unconscious o'er each <b>backward</b> year.
<i> Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backward</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"ward</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state behind or past.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In the dark <b>backward</b> and abysm of time.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backward</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"ward</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To keep back; to hinder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Backwardation</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back`war*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Backward</ets>, v.i.+  <ets>-ation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>The seller's postponement of delivery of stock or shares, with the consent of the buyer, upon payment of a premium to the latter; -- also, the premium so paid. See <er>Contango</er>.</def>

<i> Biddle.</i>

<h1>Backwardly</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"ward*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Reluctantly; slowly; aversely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Perversely; ill.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And does he think so <b>backwardly</b> of me?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Backwardness</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"ward*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being backward.</def>

<h1>Backwash</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"wash`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To clean the oil from (wood) after combing.</def>

<h1>Backwater</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"wa`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a. or adv. +  <ets>-ward</ets>. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Water turned back in its course by an obstruction, an opposing current , or the flow of the tide, as in a sewer or river channel, or across a river bar.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An accumulation of water overflowing the low lands, caused by an obstruction.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Water thrown back by the turning of a waterwheel, or by the paddle wheels of a steamer.</def>

<h1>Backwoods</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"woods"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.  pl.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a. +  <ets>woods</ets>.]</ety> <def>The forests or partly cleared grounds on the frontiers.</def>

<h1>Backwoodsman</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"woods"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Backwoodsmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A men living in the forest in or beyond the new settlements, especially on the western frontiers of the older portions of the United States.</def>

<i>Fisher Ames.</i>

<h1>Backworm</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Back"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[2d <ets>back</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>worm</ets>. ]</ety> <def>A disease of hawks. See <er>Filanders</er>.</def>

<i> Wright.</i>

<h1>Bacon</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Ba"con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bacon</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>bacho</ets>, <ets>bahho</ets>, flitch of bacon, ham; akin to E. <ets>back</ets>.  Cf.  <ets>Back</ets> the back side.]</ety> <def>The back and sides of a pig salted and smoked; formerly, the flesh of a pig salted or fresh.</def>

<cs><col>Bacon beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beetle  (<spn>Dermestes lardarius</spn>) which, especially in the larval state, feeds upon bacon, woolens, furs, etc. See <er>Dermestes</er>.</cd> --  <col>To save one's bacon</col>, <cd>to save one's self or property from harm or less.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Baconian</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Ba*co"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Lord Bacon, or to his system of philosophy.</def>

<cs><col>Baconian method</col>, <cd>the inductive method. See <er>Induction</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bacteria</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bac*te"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.p.</tt> <def>See <er>Bacterium</er>.</def>

<h1>Bacterial</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bac*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to bacteria.</def>

<h1>Bactericidal</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bac*te"ri*ci`dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destructive of bacteria.</def>

<h1>Bactericide</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bac*te"ri*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Bacterium</ets>   +  L.   <ets>caedere</ets> to kill]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Germicide</er>.</def>

<h1>Bacteriological</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bac*te"ri*o*log`ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>   <def>Of or pertaining to bacteriology; <as>as, <ex>bacteriological</ex> studies</as>.</def>

<h1>Bacteriologist</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bac*te"ri*ol`o*gist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in bacteriology.</def>

<h1>Bacteriology</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bac*te"ri*ol`o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bacterium</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>. ]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The science relating to bacteria.</def>

<h1>Bacterioscopic</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bac*te`ri*o*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>   <def>Relating   to   bacterioscopy; <as>as, a <ex>bacterioscopic</ex> examination</as>.</def>

<h1>Bacterioscopist</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bac*te`ri*os"co*pist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>   <def>One   skilled   in    bacterioscopic examinations.</def>

<h1>Bacterioscopy</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bac*te`ri*os"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Bacterium</ets> + <ets>-scopy</ets> ]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The application of a knowledge of bacteria for their detection and identification, as in the examination of polluted water.</def>

<h1>Bacterium</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bac*te"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.  <plw>Bacteria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.<ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, a staff: cf. F. <ets>bact\'82rie</ets>. ]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A microscopic vegetable organism, belonging to the class Alg\'91, usually in the form of a jointed rodlike filament, and found in putrefying organic infusions.  Bacteria are destitute of chlorophyll, and are the smallest of microscopic organisms. They are very widely diffused in nature, and multiply with marvelous rapidity, both by fission and by spores. Certain species are active agents in fermentation, while others appear to be the cause of certain infectious diseases. See <er>Bacillus</er>.</def>

<h1>Bacteroid, Bacteroidal</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw><hw>Bac"te*roid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bac`te*roid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Bacterium</ets>  + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Resembling bacteria; <as>as, <ex>bacteroid</ex> particles</as>.</def>

<h1>Bactrian</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bac"tri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Bactria in Asia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A native of Bactria.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Bactrian camel</col>, <cd>the two-humped camel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bacule</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bac"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bascule</er>.</def>

<h1>Baculine</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bac"u*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>baculum</ets> staff.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the rod or punishment with the rod.</def>

<h1>Baculite</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bac"u*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>baculune</ets> stick, staff; cf. F. <ets>baculite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A cephalopod of the extinct genus <i>Baculites</i>, found fossil in the Cretaceous rocks. It is like an uncoiled ammonite.</def>

<h1>Baculometry</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bac`u*lom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[L. <ets>baculum</ets> staff  +  <ets>-metry</ets>]</ety> <def>Measurement of distance or altitude by a staff or staffs.</def>

<h1>Bad</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Bid</er>.  Bade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Dryden.</i>

<h1>Bad</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>   <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Worse</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;   <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Worst</er> <tt>(?)</tt>. ]</wordforms> <ety>[Probably fr. AS.  <ets>b\'91ddel</ets> hermaphrodite; cf.  <ets>b\'91dling</ets> effeminate fellow.]</ety> <def>Wanting good qualities, whether physical or moral; injurious, hurtful, inconvenient, offensive, painful, unfavorable, or defective, either physically or morally; evil; vicious; wicked;  -- the opposite of <i>good</i>; as a <i>bad</i> man;   <i>bad</i> conduct; <i>bad</i> habits; <i>bad</i> soil; <i>bad</i> health; <i>bad</i> crop; <i>bad</i> news.</def>

<note>Sometimes used substantively.</note>

<blockquote>The strong antipathy of good to <b>bad</b>.
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Pernicious; deleterious; noxious; baneful; injurious; hurtful; evil; vile; wretched; corrupt; wicked; vicious; imperfect.</syn>

<h1>Badder</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bad"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>compar.</tt> of <er>Bad</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Badderlocks</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bad"der*locks</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. for <ets>Balderlocks</ets>, fr. <ets>Balder</ets> the Scandinavian deity.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large black seaweed <spn>(Alaria esculenta)</spn> sometimes eaten in Europe; -- also called <altname>murlins</altname>, <altname>honeyware</altname>, and <altname>henware</altname>.</def>

<h1>Baddish</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bad"dish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat bad; inferior.</def>

<i> Jeffrey.</i>

<h1>Bade</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A form of the pat tense of <er>Bid</er>.</def>

<h1>Badge</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Badge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.  <ets>bagea</ets>, <ets>bagia</ets>,   sign, prob.  of German origin; cf. AS. <ets>be\'a0g</ets>, <ets>be\'a0h</ets>, bracelet, collar, crown, OS <ets>b<?/g-</ets> in comp., AS. <ets>b<?/gan</ets> to bow, bend, G.  <ets>biegen</ets>. See <er>Bow</er> to bend.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A distinctive mark, token, sign, or cognizance, worn on the person; <as>as, the <ex>badge</ex> of a society; the <ex>badge</ex> of a policeman.</as></def>  "Tax gatherers, recognized by their official <i>badges</i>. "

<i>Prescott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something characteristic; a mark; a token.</def>

<blockquote>Sweet mercy is nobility's true <b>badge</b>.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A carved ornament on the stern of a vessel, containing a window or the representation of one.</def>

<h1>Badge</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Badge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mark or distinguish with a badge.</def>

<h1>Badgeless</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Badge"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no badge.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Badger</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Badg"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain origin; perh. fr. an old verb <ets>badge</ets> to lay up provisions to sell again.]</ety> <def>An itinerant licensed dealer in commodities used for food; a hawker; a huckster; -- formerly applied especially to one who bought grain in one place and sold it in another.</def> <mark>[Now dialectic, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Badger</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Badg"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bageard</ets>, prob. fr. <ets>badge</ets> + <ets>-ard</ets>, in reference to the white mark on its forehead. See <er>Badge</er>,<tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A carnivorous quadruped of the genus <spn>Meles</spn> or of an allied genus.  It is a burrowing animal, with short, thick legs, and long claws on the fore feet.  One species <spn>(M.  vulgaris)</spn>, called also <altname>brock</altname>, inhabits the north of Europe and Asia; another species <spn>(Taxidea Americana or Labradorica)</spn> inhabits the northern parts of North America. See <er>Teledu</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A brush made of badgers' hair, used by artists.</def>

<cs><col>Badger dog</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Dachshund</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Badger</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Badg"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Badgered</er> (<?/);<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Badgering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For sense 1, see 2d <er>Badger</er>; for 2, see 1st <er>Badger</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To tease or annoy, as a badger when baited; to worry or irritate persistently.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To beat down; to cheapen; to barter; to bargain.</def>

<h1>Badgerer</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Badg"er*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who badgers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of dog used in badger baiting.</def>

<h1>Badgering</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Badg"er*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who badgers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The practice of buying wheat and other kinds of food in one place and selling them in another for a profit.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Badger-legged</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Badg"er-legged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having legs of unequal length, as the badger was thought to have.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Badiaga</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bad`i*a"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>badiaga</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fresh-water sponge <fld>(Spongilla)</fld>, common in the north of Europe, the powder of which is used to take away the livid marks of bruises.</def>

<h1>Badian</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Ba"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.<ets>badiane</ets>, fr. Per. <ets>b\'bedi\'ben</ets> anise.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An evergreen Chinese shrub of the Magnolia family <spn>(Illicium anisatum)</spn>, and its aromatic seeds; Chinese anise; star anise.</def>

<h1>Badigeon</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Ba*di"geon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A cement or paste (as of plaster and freestone, or of sawdust and glue or lime) used by sculptors, builders, and workers in wood or stone, to fill holes, cover defects, or finish a surface.</def>

<h1>Badinage</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Ba`di`nage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>badiner</ets> to joke, OF. to trifle, be silly, fr. <ets>badin</ets> silly.]</ety> <def>Playful raillery; banter.</def> "He . . . indulged himself only in an elegant <i>badinage</i>."

<i>Warburton.</i>

<h1>Bad lands</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bad" lands"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Barren regions, especially in the western United States, where horizontal strata (Tertiary deposits) have been often eroded into fantastic forms, and much intersected by canons, and where lack of wood, water, and forage increases the difficulty of traversing the country, whence the name, first given by the Canadian French, <i>Mauvaises Terres</i> (bad lands).</def>

<h1>Badly</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bad"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a bad manner; poorly; not well; unskillfully; imperfectly; unfortunately; grievously; so as to cause harm; disagreeably; seriously.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Badly</i> is often used colloquially for <i>very much</i> or <i>very greatly</i>, with words signifying <i>to want</i> or <i>need</i>.</note>

<h1>Badminton</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bad"min*ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the name of the seat of the Duke of Beaufort in England.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A game, similar to lawn tennis, played with shuttlecocks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A preparation of claret, spiced and sweetened.</def>

<h1>Badness</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Bad"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being bad.</def>

<h1>B\'91nomere</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>B\'91"no*mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to walk + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the somites (arthromeres) that make up the thorax of Arthropods.</def>

<i>Packard.</i>

<h1>B\'91nopod</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>B\'91"no*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to walk + <ets>-pod</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the thoracic legs of Arthropods.</def>

<h1>B\'91nosome</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>B\'91"no*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to walk + <ets>-some</ets> body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The thorax of Arthropods.</def>

<i>Packard.</i>

<h1>Baff</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Baff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A blow; a stroke.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>H. Miller.</i>

<h1>Baffle</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Baf"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Baffled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Baffling</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Lowland Scotch <ets>bauchle</ets> to treat contemptuously, <ets>bauch</ets> tasteless, abashed, jaded, Icel. <ets>b\'begr</ets> uneasy, poor, or <ets>b\'begr</ets>, n., struggle, <ets>b\'91gja</ets> to push, treat harshly, OF. <ets>beffler</ets>, <ets>beffer</ets>, to mock, deceive, dial. G. <ets>b\'84ppe</ets> mouth, <ets>beffen</ets> to bark, chide.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to undergo a disgraceful punishment, as a recreant knight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He by the heels him hung upon a tree,
And <b>baffled</b> so, that all which passed by
The picture of his punishment might see.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To check by shifts and turns; to elude; to foil.</def>

<blockquote>The art that <b>baffles</b> time's tyrannic claim.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To check by perplexing; to disconcert, frustrate, or defeat; to thwart.</def> "A <i>baffled</i> purpose."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<blockquote>A suitable scripture ready to repel and <b>baffle</b> them all.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Calculations so difficult as to have <b>baffled</b>, until within a . . . recent period, the most enlightened nations.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The mere intricacy of a question should not <b>baffle</b> us.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Baffling wind</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>one that frequently shifts from one point to another.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To balk; thwart; foil; frustrate; defeat.</syn>

<h1>Baffle</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Baf"fle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To practice deceit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To struggle against in vain; <as>as, a ship <ex>baffles</ex> with the winds</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Baffle</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Baf"fle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A defeat by artifice, shifts, and turns; discomfiture.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A <i>baffle</i> to philosophy."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Bafflement</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Baf"fle*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process or act of baffling, or of being baffled; frustration; check.</def>

<h1>Baffler</h1>
<Xpage=111>

<hw>Baf"fler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, baffles.</def>

<-- p. 112  -->

<h1>Baffling</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Baf"fling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Frustrating; discomfiting; disconcerting; as, <i>baffling</i> currents, winds, tasks.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bafflingly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Bafflingness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Baft</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Baft</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bafta</er>.</def>

<h1>Bafta</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Baf"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Per. <ets>baft</ets>. woven, wrought.]</ety> <def>A coarse stuff, usually of cotton, originally made in India. Also, an imitation of this fabric made for export.</def>

<h1>Bag</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bagge</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>baggi</ets>, and also OF. <ets>bague</ets>, bundle, LL. <ets>baga</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sack or pouch, used for holding anything; <as>as, a <ex>bag</ex> of meal or of money</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sac, or dependent gland, in animal bodies, containing some fluid or other substance; <as>as, the <ex>bag</ex> of poison in the mouth of some serpents; the <ex>bag</ex> of a cow.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sort of silken purse formerly tied about men's hair behind, by way of ornament.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The quantity of game bagged.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A certain quantity of a commodity, such as it is customary to carry to market in a sack; <as>as, a <ex>bag</ex> of pepper or hops; a <ex>bag</ex> of coffee.</as></def>

<cs><col>Bag and baggage</col>, <cd>all that belongs to one.</cd> -- <col>To give one the bag</col>, <cd>to disappoint him. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Bunyan.</i>

<h1>Bag</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bagged</er>(<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bagging</er>]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put into a bag; <as>as, to <ex>bag</ex> hops</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To seize, capture, or entrap; <as>as, to <ex>bag</ex> an army; to <ex>bag</ex> game.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish or load with a bag or with a well filled bag.</def>

<blockquote>A bee <b>bagged</b> with his honeyed venom.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bag</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To swell or hang down like a full bag; <as>as, the skin <ex>bags</ex> from containing morbid matter</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To swell with arrogance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To become pregnant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Warner. (Alb. Eng. ).</i>

<h1>Bagasse</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Ba*gasse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Sugar cane, as it <?/omes crushed from the mill. It is then dried and used as fuel. Also extended to the refuse of beetroot sugar.</def>

<h1>Bagatelle</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag`a*telle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>bagatella</ets>; cf. Prov. It. <ets>bagata</ets> trifle, OF. <ets>bague</ets>, Pr. <ets>bagua</ets>, bundle. See <er>Bag</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A trifle; a thing of no importance.</def>

<blockquote>Rich trifles, serious <b>bagatelles</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A game played on an oblong board, having, at one end, cups or arches into or through which balls are to be driven by a rod held in the hand of the player.</def>

<h1>Baggage</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag"gage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bagage</ets>, from OF. <ets>bague</ets> bungle. In senses 6 and 7 cf. F. <ets>bagasse</ets> a prostitute. See <er>Bag</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The clothes, tents, utensils, and provisions of an army.</def>

<note>&hand; "The term itself is made to apply chiefly to articles of clothing and to small personal effects."</note>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The trunks, valises, satchels, etc., which a traveler carries with him on a journey; luggage.</def>

<blockquote>The baronet's <b>baggage</b> on the roof of the coach.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We saw our <b>baggage</b> following below.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The English usually call this <i>luggage</i>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Purulent matter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrough.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Trashy talk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A man of bad character.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A woman of loose morals; a prostitute.</def>

<blockquote>A disreputable, daring, laughing, painted French <b>baggage</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A romping, saucy girl.</def> <mark>[Playful]</mark>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Baggage master</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag"gage mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>One who has charge of the baggage at a railway station or upon a line of public travel.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Baggager</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag"ga*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who takes care of baggage; a camp follower.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Baggala</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag"ga*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. "fem. of <ets>baghl</ets> a mule." <ets>Balfour</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A two-masted Arab or Indian trading vessel, used in Indian Ocean.</def>

<h1>Baggily</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag"gi*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a loose, baggy way.</def>

<h1>Bagging</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag"ging</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cloth or other material for bags.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of putting anything into, or as into, a bag.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of swelling; swelling.</def>

<h1>Bagging</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag"ging</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Reaping peas, beans, wheat, etc., with a chopping stroke.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Baggy</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a bag; loose or puffed out, or pendent, like a bag; flabby; <as>as, <ex>baggy</ex> trousers; <ex>baggy</ex> cheeks.</as></def>

<h1>Bagman</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bagmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A commercial traveler; one employed to solicit orders for manufacturers and tradesmen.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Bag net</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag" net`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A bag-shaped net for catching fish.</def>

<h1>Bagnio</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bagn"io</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>bagno</ets>, fr. L. <ets>balneum</ets>. Cf. <er>Bain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A house for bathing, sweating, etc.; -- also, in Turkey, a prison for slaves.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A brothel; a stew; a house of prostitution.</def>

<h1>Bagpipe</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag"pipe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A musical wind instrument, now used chiefly in the Highlands of Scotland.</def>

<note>&hand; It consists of a leather bag, which receives the air by a tube that is stopped by a valve; and three sounding pipes, into which the air is pressed by the performer. Two of these pipes produce fixed tones, namely, the bass, or key tone, and its fifth, and form together what is called the <i>drone</i>; the third, or <i>chanter</i>, gives the melody.</note>

<h1>Bagpipe</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag"pipe</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make to look like a bagpipe.</def>

<cs><col>To bagpipe the mizzen</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to lay it aback by bringing the sheet to the mizzen rigging.</cd>

<i>Totten.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Bagpiper</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag"pip`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who plays on a bagpipe; a piper.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bagreef</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag"reef`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bag</ets> + <ets>reef</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The lower reef of fore and aft sails; also, the upper reef of topsails.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Bague</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bague</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a ring]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The annular molding or group of moldings dividing a long shaft or clustered column into two or more parts.</def>

<h1>Baguet, Baguette</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw><hw>Ba*guet"</hw>, <hw>Ba*guette"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>baguette</ets>, prop. a rod<?/ It. <ets>bacchetta</ets>, fr. L. <ets>baculum</ets>, <ets>baculu<?/</ets> stick, staff.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small molding, like the astragal, but smaller; a bead.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>One of the minute bodies seen in the divided nucleoli of some Infusoria after conjugation.</def>

<h1>Bagwig</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag"wig"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wig, in use in the 18th century, with the hair at the back of the head in a bag.</def>

<h1>Bagworm</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bag"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several lepidopterous insects which construct, in the larval state, a baglike case which they carry about for protection. One species <spn>(Plat\'d2ceticus Gloveri)</spn> feeds on the orange tree. See <er>Basket worm</er>.</def>

<h1>Bah</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>An exclamation expressive of extreme contempt.</def>

<blockquote>Twenty-five years ago the vile ejaculation, <b>Bah</b>! was utterly unknown to the English public.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bahar</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Ba*har"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>bah\'ber</ets>, from <ets>bahara</ets> to charge with a load.]</ety> <def>A weight used in certain parts of the East Indies, varying considerably in different localities, the range being from 223 to 625 pounds.</def>

<h1>Baigne</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Baigne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>baigner</ets> to bathe, fr. L. <ets>balneum</ets> bath.]</ety> <def>To soak or drench.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bail</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>baille</ets> a bucket, pail; cf. LL. <ets>bacula</ets>, dim. of <ets>bacca</ets> a sort of vessel. Cf. <er>Bac</er>.]</ety> <def>A bucket or scoop used in bailing water out of a boat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>bail</b> of a canoe . . . made of a human skull.
<i>Capt. Cook.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bail</h1>
<Xpage=112>

<hw>Bail</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bailed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bailing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lade; to dip and throw; -- usually with <i>out</i>; <as>as, to <ex>bail</ex> water out of a boat</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Buckets . . . to <b>bail</b> out the water.
<i>Capt. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dip or lade water from; -- often with <i>out</i> to express completeness; <as>as, to <ex>bail</ex> a boat</as>.</def>

<blockquote>By the help of a small bucket and our hats we <b>bailed</b> her out.
<i>R. H. Dana, Jr.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bail</h1>
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<hw>Bail</hw>, <tt>v.<?/t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bailler</ets> to give, to deliver, fr. L. <ets>bajulare</ets> to bear a burden, keep in custody, fr. <ets>bajulus</ets> <?/ who bears burdens.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deliver; to release.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ne none there was to rescue her, ne none to <b>bail</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To set free, or deliver from arrest, or out of custody, on the undertaking of some other person or persons that he or they will be responsible for the appearance, at a certain day and place, of the person bailed.</def>

<note>&hand; The word is applied to the magistrate or the surety. The magistrate <i>bails</i> (but <i>admits to bail</i> is commoner) a man when he liberates him from arrest or imprisonment upon bond given with sureties. The surety <i>bails</i> a person when he procures his release from arrest by giving bond for his appearance.</note>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To deliver, as goods in trust, for some special object or purpose, upon a contract, expressed or implied, that the trust shall be faithfully executed on the part of the bailee, or person intrusted; <as>as, to <ex>bail</ex> cloth to a tailor to be made into a garment; to <ex>bail</ex> goods to a carrier</as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone. Kent.</i>

<h1>Bail</h1>
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<hw>Bail</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bail</ets> guardian, administrator, fr. L. <ets>bajulus</ets>. See <er>Bail</er> to deliver.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Custody; keeping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Silly Faunus now within their <b>bail</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The person or persons who procure the release of a prisoner from the custody of the officer, or from imprisonment, by becoming surely for his appearance in court.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>bail</b> must be real, substantial bondsmen.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A. and B. were <b>bail</b> to the arrest in a suit at law.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The security given for the appearance of a prisoner in order to obtain his release from custody of the officer; <as>as, the man is out on <ex>bail</ex>; to go <ex>bail</ex> for any one</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Excessive <b>bail</b> ought not to be required.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bail</h1>
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<hw>Bail</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>beyl</ets>; cf. Dan. <ets>b\'94ile</ets> an bending, ring, hoop, Sw. <ets>b\'94gel</ets>, <ets>bygel</ets>, and Icel. <ets>beyla</ets> hump, swelling, akin to E. <ets>bow</ets> to bend.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The arched handle of a kettle, pail, or similar vessel, usually movable.</def>

<i>Forby.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A half hoop for supporting the cover of a carrier's wagon, awning of a boat, etc.</def>

<h1>Bail</h1>
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<hw>Bail</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bail</ets>, <ets>baille</ets>. See <er>Bailey</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> (Usually <pluf>pl.</pluf>) <def>A line of palisades serving as an exterior defense.</def>  <altsp>[Written also <asp>bayle</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The outer wall of a feudal castle. Hence: The space inclosed by it; the outer court.</def>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A certain limit within a forest.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A division for the stalls of an open stable.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>The top or cross piece ( or either of the two cross pieces) of the wicket.</def>

<h1>Bailable</h1>
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<hw>Bail"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the right or privilege of being admitted to bail, upon bond with sureties; -- used of persons.</def> "He's <i>bailable</i>, I'm sure."

<i>Ford.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Admitting of bail; <as>as, a <ex>bailable</ex> offense</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That can be delivered in trust; <as>as, <ex>bailable</ex> goods</as>.</def>

<h1>Bail bond</h1>
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<hw>Bail" bond`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bond or obligation given by a prisoner and his surety, to insure the prisoner's appearance in court, at the return of the writ.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Special bail in court to abide the judgment.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Bailee</h1>
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<hw>Bail`ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>baill\'82</ets>, p.p. of <ets>bailler</ets>. See <er>Bail</er> to deliver.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person to whom goods are committed in trust, and who has a temporary possession and a qualified property in them, for the purposes of the trust.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<note>&hand; In penal statutes the word includes those who receive goods for another in good faith.</note>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Bailer</h1>
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<hw>Bail"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Bailor</er>.</def>

<h1>Bailer</h1>
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<hw>Bail"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who bails or lades.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A utensil, as a bucket or cup, used in bailing; a machine for bailing water out of a pit.</def>

<h1>Bailey</h1>
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<hw>Bai"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The same word as <ets>bail</ets> line of palisades; cf. LL. <ets>ballium</ets> bailey, OF. <ets>bail</ets>, <ets>baille</ets>, a palisade, <ets>baillier</ets> to inclose, shut.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The outer wall of a feudal castle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The space immediately within the outer wall of a castle or fortress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A prison or court of justice; -- used in certain proper names; <as>as, the <ex>Old Bailey</ex> in London; the <ex>New Bailey</ex> in Manchester.</as></def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Oxf. Gloss.</i>

<h1>Bailie</h1>
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<hw>Bail"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bailiff</er>.]</ety> <def>An officer in Scotland, whose office formerly corresponded to that of sheriff, but now corresponds to that of an English alderman.</def>

<h1>Bailiff</h1>
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<hw>Bail"iff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>baillif</ets>, F. <ets>bailli</ets>, custodia<?/ magistrate, fr. L. <ets>bajulus</ets> porter. See <er>Bail</er> to deliver.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, a person put in charge of something especially, a chief officer, magistrate, or keeper, as of a county, town, hundred, or castle; one to whom power<?/ of custody or care are intrusted.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<blockquote>Lausanne is under the canton of Berne, governed by a <b>bailiff</b> sent every three years from the senate.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A sheriff's deputy, appointed to make arrests, collect fines, summon juries, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; In American law the term <i>bailiff</i> is seldom used except sometimes to signify a sheriff's officer or constable, or a party liable to account to another for the rent and profits of real estate.</note>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An overseer or under steward of an estate, who directs husbandry operations, collects rents, etc.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Bailiffwick</h1>
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<hw>Bail"iff*wick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bailiwick</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bailiwick</h1>
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<hw>Bail"i*wick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bailie</ets>, <ets>bailiff</ets> + <ets>wick</ets> a village.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The precincts within which a bailiff has jurisdiction; the limits of a bailiff's authority.</def>

<h1>Baillie</h1>
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<hw>Bail"lie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bailiff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Same as <er>Bailie</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Bailment</h1>
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<hw>Bail"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The action of bailing a person accused.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bailment</b> . . . is the saving or delivery of a man out of prison before he hath satisfied the law.
<i>Dalton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A delivery of goods or money by one person to another in trust, for some special purpose, upon a contract, expressed or implied, that the trust shall be faithfully executed.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<note>&hand; In a general sense it is sometimes used as comprehending all duties in respect to property.</note>

<i>Story.</i>

<h1>Bailor</h1>
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<hw>Bail`or"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who delivers goods or money to another in trust.</def>

<h1>Bailpiece</h1>
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<hw>Bail"piece`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A piece of parchment, or paper, containing a recognizance or bail bond.</def>

<h1>Bain</h1>
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<hw>Bain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bain</ets>, fr. L. <ets>balneum</ets>. Cf. <er>Bagnio</er>.]</ety> <def>A bath; a bagnio.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Bain-marie</h1>
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<hw>Bain`-ma`rie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A vessel for holding hot water in which another vessel may be heated without scorching its contents; -- used for warming or preparing food or pharmaceutical preparations.</def>

<h1>Bairam</h1>
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<hw>Bai"ram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk. <ets>ba\'8br\'bem</ets>.]</ety> <def>The name of two Mohammedan festivals, of which one is held at the close of the fast called Ramadan, and the other seventy days after the fast.</def>

<h1>Bairn</h1>
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<hw>Bairn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>bairn</ets>, AS. <ets>bearn</ets>, fr. <ets>beran</ets> to bear; akin to Icel., OS., &Goth. <ets>barn</ets>. See <er>Bear</er> to support.]</ety> <def>A child.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>Has he not well provided for the <b>bairn</b> !
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Baisemains</h1>
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<hw>Baise"mains`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>baiser</ets> to kiss + <ets>mains</ets> hands.]</ety> <def>Respects; compliments.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bait</h1>
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<hw>Bait</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>beita</ets> food, <ets>beit</ets> pasture, akin to AS. <ets>b\'bet</ets> food, Sw. <ets>bete</ets>. See <er>Bait</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any substance, esp. food, used in catching fish, or other animals, by alluring them to a hook, snare, inclosure, or net.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything which allures; a lure; enticement; temptation.</def>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A portion of food or drink, as a refreshment taken on a journey; also, a stop for rest and refreshment.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A light or hasty luncheon.</def>

<cs><col>Bait bug</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld>, <cd>a crustacean of the genus <spn>Hippa<spn> found burrowing in sandy beaches. See <er>Anomura</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bait</h1>
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<hw>Bait</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Baited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Baiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>baiten</ets>, <ets>beit<?/n</ets>, to feed, harass, fr. Icel. <ets>beita</ets>, orig. to cause to bite, fr. <ets>b\'c6ta</ets>. &root;87.  See <er>Bite</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To provoke and harass; esp., to harass or torment for sport; <as>as, to <ex>bait</ex> a bear with dogs; to <ex>bait</ex> a bull.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give a portion of food and drink to, upon the road; <as>as, to <ex>bait</ex> horses</as>.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish or cover with bait, as a trap or hook.</def>

<blockquote>A crooked pin . . . <b>bailed</b> with a vile earthworm.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bait</h1>
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<hw>Bait</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To stop to take a portion of food and drink for refreshment of one's self or one's beasts, on a journey.</def>

<blockquote>Evil news rides post, while good news <b>baits</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My lord's coach conveyed me to Bury, and thence <b>baiting</b> a<?/ Newmarket.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bait</h1>
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<hw>Bait</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>battre de l'aile</ets> (or <ets>des ailes</ets>), to flap o<?/ flutter. See <er>Batter</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>To flap the wings; to flutter as if to fly; or to hover, as a hawk when she stoops to her prey.</def> "Kites that <i>bait</i> and beat."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Baiter</h1>
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<hw>Bait"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who baits; a tormentor.</def>

<h1>Baize</h1>
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<hw>Baize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>bayes</ets>, pl. fr. OF. <ets>baie</ets>; cf. F. <ets>bai</ets> bay-colored. See <er>Bay</er> a color.]</ety> <def>A coarse woolen stuff with a long nap; -- usually dyed in plain colors.</def>

<blockquote>A new black <b>baize</b> waistcoat lined with silk.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bajocco</h1>
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<hw>Ba*joc"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. <ets>bajo</ets> brown, bay, from its color.]</ety> <def>A small cooper coin formerly current in the Roman States, worth about a cent and a half.</def>

<h1>Bake</h1>
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<hw>Bake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.& p. p.</tt> <er>Baked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Baking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>bacan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bakken</ets>, OHG. <ets>bacchan</ets>, G. <ets>backen</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>baca</ets>, Dan. <ets>bage</ets>, Gr. <?/ to roast.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To prepare, as food, by cooking in a dry heat, either in an oven or under coals, or on heated stone or metal; <as>as, to <ex>bake</ex> bread, meat, apples</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Baking</i> is the term usually applied to that method of cooking which exhausts the moisture in food more than roasting or broiling; but the distinction of meaning between roasting and baking is not always observed.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dry or harden (anything) by subjecting to heat, <as>as, to <ex>bake</ex> bricks; the sun <ex>bakes</ex> the ground.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To harden by cold.</def>

<blockquote>The earth . . . is <b>baked</b> with frost.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>bake</b> their sides upon the cold, hard stone.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bake</h1>
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<hw>Bake</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To do the work of baking something; <as>as, she brews, washes, and <ex>bakes</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be baked; to become dry and hard in heat; <as>as, the bread <ex>bakes</ex>; the ground <ex>bakes</ex> in the hot sun.</as></def>

<h1>Bake</h1>
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<hw>Bake</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process, or result, of baking.</def>

<h1>Bakehouse</h1>
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<hw>Bake"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>b\'91ch<?/s</ets>. See <er>Bak<?/</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and <er>House</er>.]</ety> <def>A house for baking; a bakery.</def>

<-- p. 113  -->

<h1>Bakemeat, Baked-meat</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bake"meat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Baked"-meat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pie; baked food.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gen. xl. 17. Shak.</i>

<h1>Baken</h1>
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<hw>Bak"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Bake</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or. Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Baker</h1>
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<hw>Bak"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>b\'91cere</ets>. See <er>Bake</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One whose business it is to bake bread, biscuit, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A portable oven in which baking is done.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>A baker's dozen</col>, <cd>thirteen.</cd> -- <col>Baker foot</col>, <cd>a distorted foot. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Jer. Taylor</i>.</cd> -- <col>Baker's itch</col>, <cd>a rash on the back of the hand, caused by the irritating properties of yeast.</cd> -- <col>Baker's salt</col>, <cd>the subcarbonate of ammonia, sometimes used instead of soda, in making bread.</cd></cs>

<h1>Baker-legged</h1>
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<hw>Bak"er-legged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having legs that bend inward at the knees.</def>

<h1>Bakery</h1>
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<hw>Bak"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The trade of a baker.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The place for baking bread; a bakehouse.</def>

<h1>Baking</h1>
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<hw>Bak"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of cooking in an oven, or of drying and hardening by heat or cold.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quantity baked at once; a batch; <as>as, a <ex>baking</ex> of bread</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Baking powder</col>, <cd>a substitute for yeast, usually consisting of an acid, a carbonate, and a little farinaceous matter.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bakingly</h1>
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<hw>Bak"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a hot or baking manner.</def>

<h1>Bakistre</h1>
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<hw>Bak"is*tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Baxter</er>.]</ety> <def>A baker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Baksheesh, Bakshish</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bak"sheesh`</hw>, <hw>Bak"shish`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Backsheesh</er>.</def>

<h1>Balaam</h1>
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<hw>Ba"laam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A paragraph describing something wonderful, used to fill out a newspaper column; -- an allusion to the miracle of Balaam's ass speaking.</def> <i>Numb. xxii. 30</i>. <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<cs><col>Balaam basket or box</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>the receptacle for rejected articles.</cd></cs>

<i>Blackw. Mag.</i>

<h1>Balachong</h1>
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<hw>Bal"a*chong</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>b\'belach\'ben</ets>.]</ety> <def>A condiment formed of small fishes or shrimps, pounded up with salt and spices, and then dried. It is much esteemed in China.</def>

<h1>Bal\'91noidea</h1>
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<hw>Bal`\'91*noi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>balaena</ets> whale + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A division of the Cetacea, including the right whale and all other whales having the mouth fringed with baleen. See <er>Baleen</er>.</def>

<h1>Balance</h1>
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<hw>Bal"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>balaunce</ets>, F. <ets>balance</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bilan<?/</ets>, <ets>bilancis</ets>, having two scales; <ets>bis</ets> twice (akin to E. <ets>two</ets>) + <ets>lanx</ets> plate, scale.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An apparatus for weighing.</def>

<note>&hand; In its simplest form, a balance consists of a beam or lever supported exactly in the middle, having two scales or basins of equal weight suspended from its extremities. Another form is that of the <i>Roman balance</i>, our steelyard, consisting of a lever or beam, suspended near one of its extremities, on the longer arm of which a counterpoise slides. The name is also given to other forms of apparatus for weighing bodies, as to the combinations of levers making up platform scales; and even to devices for weighing by the elasticity of a spring.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Act of weighing mentally; comparison; estimate.</def>

<blockquote>A fair <b>balance</b> of the advantages on either side.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Equipoise between the weights in opposite scales.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The state of being in equipoise; equilibrium; even adjustment; steadiness.</def>

<blockquote>And hung a bottle on each side
To make his <b>balance</b> true.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The order and <b>balance</b> of the country were destroyed.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>English workmen completely lose their <b>balance</b>.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An equality between the sums total of the two sides of an account; <as>as, to bring one's accounts to a <ex>balance</ex></as>; -- also, the excess on either side; <as>as, the <ex>balance</ex> of an account</as>.</def> " A <i>balance</i> at the banker's. "

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<blockquote>I still think the <b>balance</b> of probabilities leans towards the account given in the text.
<i> J. Peile.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Horol.)</fld> <def>A balance wheel, as of a watch, or clock. See <er>Balance wheel</er> (in the Vocabulary).</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The constellation <i>Libra</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The seventh sign in the Zodiac, called <i>Libra</i>, which the sun enters at the equinox in September.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A movement in dancing. See <er>Balance</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, S.</def>

<cs><col>Balance electrometer</col>, <cd>a kind of balance, with a poised beam, which indicates, by weights suspended from one arm, the mutual attraction of oppositely electrified surfaces.</cd> <i>Knight</i>. -- <col>Balance fish</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <cd>See <er>Hammerhead</er>.</cd> -- <col>Balance knife</col>, <cd>a carving or table knife the handle of which overbalances the blade, and so keeps it from contact with the table.</cd> -- <col>Balance of power</col>. <fld>(Politics)</fld>, <cd>such an adjustment of power among sovereign states that no one state is in a position to interfere with the independence of the others; international equilibrium; also, the ability ( of a state or a third party within a state) to control the relations between sovereign states or between dominant parties in a state.</cd> -- <col>Balance sheet</col> <fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld>, <cd>a paper showing the balances of the open accounts of a business, the debit and credit balances footing up equally, if the system of accounts be complete and the balances correctly taken.</cd> -- <col>Balance thermometer</col>, <cd>a thermometer mounted as a balance so that the movement of the mercurial column changes the indication of the tube. With the aid of electrical or mechanical devices adapted to it, it is used for the automatic regulation of the temperature of rooms warmed artificially, and as a fire alarm.</cd> -- <col>Balance of torsion</col>. <cd>See <er>Torsion Balance</er>.</cd> -- <col>Balance of trade</col> <fld>(Pol. Econ.)</fld>, <cd>an equilibrium between the money values of the exports and imports of a country; or more commonly, the amount required on one side or the other to make such an equilibrium.</cd> -- <col>Balance valve</col>, <cd>a valve whose surfaces are so arranged that the fluid pressure tending to seat, and that tending to unseat the valve, are nearly in equilibrium; esp., a puppet valve which is made to operate easily by the admission of steam to both sides. See <er>Puppet valve</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hydrostatic balance</col>. <cd>See under <er>Hydrostatic</er>.</cd> -- <col>To lay in balance</col>, <cd>to put up as a pledge or security.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>. -- <col>To strike a balance</col>, <cd>to find out the difference between the debit and credit sides of an account.</cd></cs>

<h1>Balance</h1>
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<hw>Bal"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Balanced</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Balancing</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Balance</er>, <tt>n.</tt>: cf. F. <ets>balancer</ets>. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring to an equipoise, as the scales of a balance by adjusting the weights; to weigh in a balance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To support on a narrow base, so as to keep from falling; <as>as, to <ex>balance</ex> a plate on the end of a cane; to <ex>balance</ex> one's self on a tight rope.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To equal in number, weight, force, or proportion; to counterpoise, counterbalance, counteract, or neutralize.</def>

<blockquote>One expression . . . must check and <b>balance</b> another.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To compare in relative force, importance, value, etc.; to estimate.</def>

<blockquote><b>Balance</b> the good and evil of things.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To settle and adjust, as an account; to make two accounts equal by paying the difference between them.</def>

<blockquote>I am very well satisfied that it is not in my power to <b>balance</b> accounts with my Maker.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To make the sums of the debits and credits of an account equal; -- said of an item; <as>as, this payment, or credit, <ex>balances</ex> the account</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To arrange accounts in such a way that the sum total of the debits is equal to the sum total of the credits; <as>as, to <ex>balance</ex> a set of books</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Dancing)</fld> <def>To move toward, and then back from, reciprocally; <as>as, to <ex>balance</ex> partners</as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To contract, as a sail, into a narrower compass; <as>as, to <ex>balance</ex> the boom mainsail</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Balanced valve</col>. <cd>See <er>Balance valve</er>, under <er>Balance</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To poise; weigh; adjust; counteract; neutralize; equalize.</syn>

<h1>Balance</h1>
<Xpage=113>

<hw>Bal"ance</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have equal weight on each side; to be in equipoise; <as>as, the scales <ex>balance</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fluctuate between motives which appear of equal force; to waver; to hesitate.</def>

<blockquote>He would not <b>balance</b> or err in the determination of his choice.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Dancing)</fld> <def>To move toward a person or couple, and then back.</def>

<h1>Balanceable</h1>
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<hw>Bal"ance*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be balanced.</def>

<h1>Balancement</h1>
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<hw>Bal"ance*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or result of balancing or adjusting; equipoise; even adjustment of forces.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Balancer</h1>
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<hw>Bal"an*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who balances, or uses a balance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>In Diptera, the rudimentary posterior wing.</def>

<h1>Balancereef</h1>
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<hw>Bal"ance*reef`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The last reef in a fore-and-aft sail, taken to steady the ship.</def>

<h1>Balance wheel</h1>
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<hw>Bal"ance wheel`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Horology)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A wheel which regulates the beats or pulses of a watch or chronometer, answering to the pendulum of a clock; -- often called simply a <altname>balance</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A ratchet-shaped scape wheel, which in some watches is acted upon by the axis of the balance wheel proper (in those watches called a <i>balance</i>).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A wheel which imparts regularity to the movements of any engine or machine; a fly wheel.</def>

<h1>Balaniferous</h1>
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<hw>Bal`a*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balanus</ets> acorn + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing or producing acorns.</def>

<h1>Balanite</h1>
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<hw>Bal"a*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balanus</ets> acorn: cf. F. <ets>balanite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil balanoid shell.</def>

<h1>Balanoglossus</h1>
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<hw>Bal`a*no*glos"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ acorn + <?/ tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A peculiar marine worm. See <er>Enteropneusta</er>, and <er>Tornaria</er>.</def>

<h1>Balanoid</h1>
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<hw>Bal"a*noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ acorn + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling an acorn; -- applied to a group of barnacles having shells shaped like acorns. See <er>Acornshell</er>, and <er>Barnacle</er>.</def>

<h1>Balas ruby</h1>
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<hw>Bal"as ru`by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[OE. <ets>bales</ets>, <ets>balais</ets>, F. <ets>balais</ets>, LL. <ets>balascus</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>balakhsh</ets>, so called from <ets>Badakhshan</ets>, <ets>Balashan</ets>, or <ets>Balaxiam</ets>, a place in the neighborhood of Samarcand, where this ruby is found.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of spinel ruby, of a pale rose red, or inclining to orange. See <er>Spinel</er>.</def>

<h1>Balaustine</h1>
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<hw>Ba*laus"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balaustium</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pomegranate tree <spn>(Punica granatum)</spn>. The bark of the root, the rind of the fruit, and the flowers are used medicinally.</def>

<h1>Balbutiate, Balbucinate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bal*bu"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bal*bu"ci*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balbutire</ets>, fr. <ets>balbus</ets> stammering: cf. F. <ets>balbutier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To stammer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Balbuties</h1>
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<hw>Bal*bu"ti*es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The defect of stammering; also, a kind of incomplete pronunciation.</def>

<h1>Balcon</h1>
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<hw>Bal"con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A balcony.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pepys.</i>

<h1>Balconied</h1>
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<hw>Bal"co*nied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having balconies.</def>

<h1>Balcony</h1>
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<hw>Bal"co*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Balconies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It. <ets>balcone</ets>; cf. It. <ets>balco</ets>, <ets>palco</ets>, scaffold, fr. OHG. <ets>balcho</ets>, <ets>pa<?/cho</ets>, beam, G. <ets>balken</ets>. See <er>Balk</er> beam.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A platform projecting from the wall of a building, usually resting on brackets or consoles, and inclosed by a parapet; <as>as, a <ex>balcony</ex> in front of a window</as>. Also, a projecting gallery in places of amusement; <as>as, the <ex>balcony</ex> in a theater</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A projecting gallery once common at the stern of large ships.</def>

<note>&hand; "The accent has shifted from the second to the first syllable within these twenty years."</note>

<i>Smart (1836).</i>

<h1>Bald</h1>
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<hw>Bald</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>balled</ets>, <ets>ballid</ets>, perh. the p.p. of <ets>ball</ets> to reduce to the roundness or smoothness of a ball, by removing hair. &root;85.  But cf. W. <ets>bali</ets> whiteness in a horse's forehead.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of the natural or common covering on the head or top, as of hair, feathers, foliage, trees, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>bald</ex> head; a <ex>bald</ex> oak.</as></def>

<blockquote>On the <b>bald</b> top of an eminence.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destitute of ornament; unadorned; bare; literal.</def>

<blockquote>In the preface to his own <b>bald</b> translation.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Undisguised.</def> " <i>Bald</i> egotism."

<i>Lowell.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Destitute of dignity or value; paltry; mean.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of a beard or awn; <as>as, <ex>bald</ex> wheat</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Destitute of the natural covering.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Marked with a white spot on the head; bald-faced.</def>

<cs><col>Bald buzzard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the fishhawk or osprey.</cd> -- <col>Bald coot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a name of the European coot <spn>(Fulica atra)</spn>, alluding to the bare patch on the front of the head.</cd></cs>

<h1>Baldachin</h1>
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<hw>Bal"da*chin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>baldachinus</ets>, <ets>baldechinus</ets>, a canopy of rich silk carried over the host; fr. <ets>Bagdad</ets>, It. <ets>Baldacco</ets>, a city in Turkish Asia from whence these rich silks came: cf. It. <ets>baldacchino</ets>. Cf. <er>Baudekin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rich brocade; baudekin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A structure in form of a canopy, sometimes supported by columns, and sometimes suspended from the roof or projecting from the wall; generally placed over an altar; <as>as, the <ex>baldachin</ex> in St</as>. Peter's.</def>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>A portable canopy borne over shrines, etc., in procession.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>baldachino</asp>, <asp>baldaquin</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Bald eagle</h1>
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<hw>Bald" ea"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The white-headed eagle <spn>(Hali\'91etus leucocephalus)</spn> of America. The young, until several years old, lack the white feathers on the head.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>bald eagle</i> is represented in the coat of arms, and on the coins, of the United States.</note>

<h1>Balder</h1>
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<hw>Bal"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>Baldr</ets>, akin to E. <ets>bold</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Scan. Myth.)</fld> <def>The most beautiful and beloved of the gods; the  god of peace; the son of Odin and Freya.</def>  <altsp>[Written also <asp>Baldur</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Balderdash</h1>
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<hw>Bal"der*dash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain origin: cf. Dan. <ets>balder</ets> noise, clatter, and E. <ets>dash</ets>; hence, perhaps, unmeaning noise, then hodgepodge, mixture; or W. <ets>baldorduss</ets> a prattling, <ets>baldordd</ets>, <ets>baldorddi</ets>, to prattle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A worthless mixture, especially of liquors.</def>

<blockquote>Indeed beer, by a mixture of wine, hath lost both name and nature, and is called <b>balderdash</b>.
<i>Taylor (Drink and Welcome).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Senseless jargon; ribaldry; nonsense; trash.</def>

<h1>Balderdash</h1>
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<hw>Bal"der*dash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mix or adulterate, as liquors.</def>

<blockquote>The wine merchants of Nice brew and <b>balderdash</b>, and even
mix it with pigeon's dung and quicklime.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bald-faced</h1>
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<hw>Bald"-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a white face or a white mark on the face, as a stag.</def>

<h1>Baldhead</h1>
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<hw>Bald"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person whose head is bald.</def>

<i>2 Kings ii. 23.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A white-headed variety of pigeon.</def>

<h1>Baldheaded</h1>
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<hw>Bald"head`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a bald head.</def>

<h1>Baldly</h1>
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<hw>Bald"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Nakedly; without reserve; inelegantly.</def>

<h1>Baldness</h1>
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<hw>Bald"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of being bald; <as>as, <ex>baldness</ex> of the head; <ex>baldness</ex> of style.</as></def>

<blockquote>This gives to their syntax a peculiar character of simplicity and <b>baldness</b>.
<i>W. D. Whitney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Baldpate</h1>
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<hw>Bald"pate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A baldheaded person.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American widgeon <spn>(Anas Americana)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Baldpate, Baldpated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bald"pate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bald"pat`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of hair on the head; baldheaded.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Baldrib</h1>
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<hw>Bald"rib`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A piece of pork cut lower down than the sparerib, and destitute of fat.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Baldric</h1>
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<hw>Bal"dric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>baudric</ets>, <ets>bawdrik</ets>, through OF. (cf. F. <ets>baudrier</ets> and LL. <ets>baldringus</ets>, <ets>baldrellus</ets>), from OHG. <ets>balderich</ets>, cf. <ets>balz</ets>, <ets>palz</ets>, akin to E. <ets>belt</ets>. See <er>Belt</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A broad belt, sometimes richly ornamented, worn over one shoulder, across the breast, and under the opposite arm; less properly, any belt.</def>  <altsp>[Also spelt <asp>bawdrick</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>A radiant <b>baldric</b> o'er his shoulder tied
Sustained the sword that glittered at his side.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Baldwin</h1>
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<hw>Bald"win</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of reddish, moderately acid, winter apple.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Bale</h1>
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<hw>Bale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bale</ets>, OF. <ets>bale</ets>, F. <ets>balle</ets>, LL. <ets>bala</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>balla</ets>, <ets>palla</ets>, <ets>pallo</ets>, G. <ets>ball</ets>, <ets>balle</ets>, <ets>ballen</ets>, ball round pack; cf. D. <ets>baal</ets>. Cf. <er>Ball</er> a round body.]</ety> <def>A bundle or package of goods in a cloth cover, and corded for storage or transportation; also, a bundle of straw <?/ hay, etc., put up compactly for transportation.</def>

<cs><col>Bale of dice</col>, <cd>a pair of dice. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Bale</h1>
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<hw>Bale</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Baled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Baling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make up in a bale.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Bale</h1>
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<hw>Bale</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Bail</er>, <tt>v. t.,</tt> to lade.</def>

<-- p. 114  -->

<h1>Bale</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bealo</ets>, <ets>bealu</ets>, <ets>balu</ets>; akin to OS. <ets><?/alu</ets>, OHG. <ets>balo</ets>, Icel. <ets>b\'94l</ets>, Goth. <ets>balweins</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Misery; <?/alamity; misfortune; sorrow.</def>

<blockquote>Let now your bliss be turned into <b>bale</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Evil; an evil, pernicious influence; something causing great injury.</def> <mark>[Now chiefly poetic]</mark>

<h1>Balearic</h1>
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<hw>Bal`e*ar"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Balearicus</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> the Balearic Islands.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the isles of Majorca, Minorca, Ivica, etc., in the Mediterranean Sea, off the coast of Valencia.</def>

<cs><col>Balearic crane</col>. <cd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> See <er>Crane</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Baleen</h1>
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<hw>Ba*leen"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>baleine</ets> whale and whalibone, L. <ets>balaena</ets> a whale; cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. ]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l. & Com.)</fld> <def>Plates or blades of "whalebone," from two to twelve feet long, and sometimes a foot wide, which in certain whales <spn>(Bal\'91noidea)</spn> are attached side by side along the upper jaw, and form a fringelike sieve by which the food is retained in the mouth.</def>

<h1>Balefire</h1>
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<hw>Bale"fire`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>b<?/lj<?/r</ets> the fire of the <?/uneral pile; <ets>b<?/l</ets> fire, flame (akin to Icel. <ets>b\'bel</ets>, OSlav. <ets>b<?/l<?/</ets>, white, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> bright, white, Skr. <ets>bh\'bela</ets> brightness) + <ets>f<?/r</ets>, E. <ets>fire</ets>.]</ety> <def>A signal fire; an alarm fire.</def>

<blockquote>Sweet Teviot! on thy silver tide
The glaring <b>balefires</b> blaze no more.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Baleful</h1>
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<hw>Bale"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bealoful</ets>. See <er>Bale</er> misery.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of deadly or pernicious influence; destructive.</def> "<i>Baleful</i> enemies."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Four infernal rivers that disgorge
Into the burning lake their <b>baleful</b> streams.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Full of grief or sorrow; woeful; sad.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Balefully</h1>
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<hw>Bale"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a baleful manner; perniciously.</def>

<h1>Balefulness</h1>
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<hw>Bale"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being baleful.</def>

<h1>Balisaur</h1>
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<hw>Bal"i*sa`ur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A badgerlike animal of India <spn>(Arcionyx collaris)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Balister</h1>
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<hw>Bal"is*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>balestre</ets>. See <er>Ballista</er>.]</ety> <def>A crossbow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Balistoid</h1>
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<hw>Bal"is*toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like a fish of the genus <i>Balistes</i>; of the family <i>Balistid\'91</i>. See <er>Filefish</er>.</def>

<h1>Balistraria</h1>
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<hw>Bal`is*tra"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Fort.)</fld> <def>A narrow opening, often cruciform, through which arrows might be discharged.</def>

<h1>Balize</h1>
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<hw>Ba*lize"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>balise</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>balisa</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pole or a frame raised as a sea beacon or a landmark.</def>

<h1>Balk</h1>
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<hw>Balk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>balca</ets> beam, ridge; akin to Icel. <ets>b\'belkr</ets> partition, <ets>bj\'belki</ets> beam, OS. <ets>balko</ets>, G. <ets>balken</ets>; cf. Gael. <ets>balc</ets> ridge of earth between two furrows. Cf. <er>Balcony</er>, <er>Balk</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, 3d <er>Bulk</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A ridge of land left unplowed between furrows, or at the end of a field; a piece missed by the plow slipping aside.</def>

<blockquote>Bad plowmen made <b>balks</b> of such ground.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A great beam, rafter, or timber; esp., the tie-beam of a house. The loft above was called "the balks."</def>

<blockquote>Tubs hanging in the <b>balks</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>One of the beams connecting the successive supports of a trestle bridge or bateau bridge.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A hindrance or disappointment; a check.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>balk</b> to the confidence of the bold undertaker.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A sudden and obstinate stop; a failure.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>A deceptive gesture of the pitcher, as if to deliver the ball.</def>

<cs><col>Balk line</col> <fld>(Billiards)</fld>, <cd>a line across a billiard table near one end, marking a limit within which the cue balls are placed in beginning a game; also, a line around the table, parallel to the sides, used in playing a particular game, called the <i>balk line<i> game.</cd></cs>

<h1>Balk</h1>
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<hw>Balk</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Balked</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Balking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Balk</er> a beam; orig. to put a balk or beam in one's way, in order to stop or hinder. Cf., for sense 2, AS. <i>on balcan legan</i> to lay in heaps.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To leave or make balks in.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To leave heaped up; to heap up in piles.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ten thousand bold Scots, two and twenty knights,
<b>Balk'd</b> in their own blood did Sir Walter see.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To omit, miss, or overlook by chance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To miss intentionally; to avoid; to shun; to refuse; to let go by; to shirk.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Obsolescent]</mark>

<blockquote>By reason of the contagion then in London, we <b>balked</b> the <?/nns.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sick he is, and keeps his bed, and <b>balks</b> his meat.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor doth he any creature <b>balk</b>,
But lays on all he meeteth.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To disappoint; to frustrate; to foil; to baffle; to <?/hwart; <as>as, to <ex>balk</ex> expectation</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They shall not <b>balk</b> my entrance.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Balk</h1>
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<hw>Balk</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To engage in contradiction; to be in opposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In strifeful terms with him to <b>balk</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stop abruptly and stand still obstinately; to jib; to stop short; to swerve; <as>as, the horse <ex>balks</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; This has been regarded as an Americanism, but it occurs in Spenser's  "Fa\'89rie Queene," Book IV., 10, xxv.</note>

<blockquote>Ne ever ought but of their true loves talkt,
Ne ever for rebuke or blame of any <b>balkt</b>.

<h1>Balk</h1>
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<hw>Balk</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from D. <ets>balken</ets> to bray, bawl.]</ety> <def>To indicate to fishermen, by shouts or signals from shore, the direction taken by the shoals of herring.</def>

<h1>Balker</h1>
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<hw>Balk"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Balk</er>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which balks.</def>

<h1>Balker</h1>
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<hw>Balk"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See last <er>Balk</er>.]</ety> <def>A person who stands on a rock or eminence to espy the shoals of herring, etc., and to give notice to the men in boats which way they pass; a conder; a huer.</def>

<h1>Baleingly</h1>
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<hw>Bale"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In manner to balk or frustrate.</def>

<h1>Balkish</h1>
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<hw>Balk"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Uneven; ridgy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Balky</h1>
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<hw>Balk"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Apt to balk; <as>as, a <ex>balky</ex> horse</as>.</def>

<h1>Ball</h1>
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<hw>Ball</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bal</ets>, <ets>balle</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>balla</ets>, <ets>palla</ets>, G. <ets>ball</ets>, Icel. <ets>b\'94llr</ets>, ball; cf. F. <ets>balle</ets>. Cf. 1st <er>Bale</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Pallmall</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any round or roundish body or mass; a sphere or globe; <as>as, a <ex>ball</ex> of twine; a <ex>ball</ex> of snow.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A spherical body of any substance or size used to play with, as by throwing, knocking, kicking, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A general name for games in which a ball is thrown, kicked, or knocked. See <er>Baseball</er>, and <er>Football</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any solid spherical, cylindrical, or conical projectile of lead or iron, to be discharged from a firearm; <as>as, a cannon <ex>ball</ex>; a rif<?/e <i>ball</i>; -- often used collectively; <as>as, powder and <ex>ball</ex></as>. Spherical balls for the smaller firearms are commonly called <ex>bullets</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Pirotechnics & Mil.)</fld> <def>A flaming, roundish body shot into the air; a case filled with combustibles intended to burst and give light or set fire, or to produce smoke or stench; <as>as, a fire <ex>ball</ex>; a stink <ex>ball</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A leather-covered cushion, fastened to a handle called a <i>ballstock</i>; -- formerly used by printers for inking the form, but now superseded by the roller.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A roundish protuberant portion of some part of the body; <as>as, the <ex>ball</ex> of the thumb; the <ex>ball</ex> of the foot.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A large pill, a form in which medicine is commonly given to horses; a bolus.</def>

<i>White.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>The globe or earth.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>Move round the dark terrestrial <b>ball</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ball and socket joint</col>, <cd>a joint in which a ball moves within a socket, so as to admit of motion in every direction within certain limits.</cd> -- <col>Ball bearings</col>, <cd>a mechanical device for lessening the friction of axle bearings by means of small loose metal balls.</cd> -- <col>Ball cartridge</col>, <cd>a cartridge containing a ball, as distinguished from a blank cartridge, containing only powder.</cd> -- <col>Ball cock</col>, <cd>a faucet or valve which is opened or closed by the fall or rise of a ball floating in water at the end of a lever.</cd> -- <col>Ball gudgeon</col>, <cd>a pivot of a spherical form, which permits lateral deflection of the arbor or shaft, while retaining the pivot in its socket. <i>Knight<i>.</cd> -- <col>Ball lever</col>, <cd>the lever used in a ball cock.</cd> -- <col>Ball of the eye</col>, <cd>the eye itself, as distinguished from its lids and socket; -- formerly, the pupil of the eye.</cd> -- <col>Ball valve</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a contrivance by which a ball, placed in a circular cup with a hole in its bottom, operates as a valve.</cd> -- <col>Ball vein</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a sort of iron ore, found in loose masses of a globular form, containing sparkling particles.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Three balls</col>, or <col>Three golden balls</col></mcol>, <cd>a pawnbroker's sign or shop.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Globe</er>.</syn>

<h1>Ball</h1>
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<hw>Ball</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Balled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Balling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To gather balls which cling to the feet, as of damp snow or clay; to gather into balls; <as>as, the horse <ex>balls</ex>; the snow <ex>balls</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Ball</h1>
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<hw>Ball</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>To heat in a furnace and form into balls for rolling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form or wind into a ball; <as>as, to <ex>ball</ex> cotton</as>.</def>

<h1>Ball</h1>
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<hw>Ball</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bal</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>baler</ets> to dance, fr. LL. <ets>ballare</ets>. Of uncertain origin; cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to toss or throw, or <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, to leap, bound, <ets><?/</ets> to dance, jump about; or cf. 1st <er>Ball</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A social assembly for the purpose of dancing.</def>

<h1>Ballad</h1>
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<hw>Bal"lad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>balade</ets>, OF. <ets>balade</ets>, F. <ets>ballade</ets>, fr. Pr. <ets>ballada</ets> a dancing song, fr. <ets>ballare</ets> to dance; cf. It. <ets>ballata</ets>. See 2d <er>Ball</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and <er>Ballet</er>.]</ety> <def>A popular kind of narrative poem, adapted for recitation or singing; <as>as, the <ex>ballad</ex> of Chevy Chase</as>; esp., a sentimental or romantic poem in short stanzas.</def>

<h1>Ballad</h1>
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<hw>Bal"lad</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make or sing ballads.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ballad</h1>
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<hw>Bal"lad</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make mention of in ballads.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ballade</h1>
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<hw>Bal*lade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ballad</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A form of French versification, sometimes imitated in English, in which three or four rhymes recur through three stanzas of eight or ten lines each, the stanzas concluding with a refrain, and the whole poem with an envoy.</def>

<h1>Ballader</h1>
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<hw>Bal"lad*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of ballads.</def>

<h1>Ballad monger</h1>
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<hw>Bal"lad mon`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Monger</er>.]</ety> <def>A seller or maker of ballads; a poetaster.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Balladry</h1>
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<hw>Bal"lad*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Ballad</er>, <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety> <def>Ballad poems; the subject or style of ballads.</def> "Base <i>balladry</i> is so beloved."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Ballahoo, Ballahou</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bal"la*hoo</hw>, <hw>Bal"la*hou</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fast-sailing schooner, used in the Bermudas and West Indies.</def>

<h1>Ballarag</h1>
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<hw>Bal"la*rag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>bullirag</ets>.]</ety> <def>To bully; to threaten.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Ballast</h1>
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<hw>Bal"last</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>ballast</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>baglast</ets>, <ets>ballast</ets>, OSw. <ets>barlast</ets>, Sw. <ets>ballast</ets>. The first part is perh. the same word as E. <ets>bare</ets>, adj.; the second is <ets>last</ets> a burden, and hence the meaning <ets>a bare</ets>, or <ets>mere</ets>, <ets>load</ets>. See <er>Bare</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Last</er> load.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Any heavy substance, as stone, iron, etc., put into the hold to sink a vessel in the water to such a depth as to prevent capsizing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any heavy matter put into the car of a balloon to give it steadiness.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Gravel, broken stone, etc., laid in the bed of a railroad to make it firm and solid.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The larger solids, as broken stone or gravel, used in making concrete.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Fig.: That which gives, or helps to maintain, uprightness, steadiness, and security.</def>

<blockquote>It [piety] is the right <b>ballast</b> of prosperity.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ballast engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine used in excavating and for digging and raising stones and gravel for ballast.</cd> -- <col>Ship in ballast</col>, <cd>a ship carring only ballast.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ballast</h1>
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<hw>Bal"last</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ballasted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ballasting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To steady, as a vessel, by putting heavy substances in the hold.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fill in, as the bed of a railroad, with gravel, stone, etc., in order to make it firm and solid.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To keep steady; to steady, morally.</def>

<blockquote>'T is charity must <b>ballast</b> the heart.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ballastage</h1>
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<hw>Bal"last*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A toll paid for the privilege of taking up ballast in a port or harbor.</def>

<h1>Ballasting</h1>
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<hw>Bal"last*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is used for steadying anything; ballast.</def>

<h1>Ballatry</h1>
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<hw>Bal"la*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Balladry</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Ballet</h1>
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<hw>Bal"let`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a dim. of <ets>bal</ets> dance. See 2d <er>Ball</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An artistic dance performed as a theatrical entertainment, or an interlude, by a number of persons, usually women. Sometimes, a scene accompanied by pantomime and dancing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The company of persons who perform the ballet.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A light part song, or madrigal, with a <i>fa la</i> burden or chorus, -- most common with the Elizabethan madrigal composers.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing in coats of arms, representing one or more balls, which are denominated bezants, plates, etc., according to color.</def>

<h1>Ball-flower</h1>
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<hw>Ball"-flow`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament resembling a ball placed in a circular flower, the petals of which form a cup round it, -- usually inserted in a hollow molding.</def>

<h1>Ballista</h1>
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<hw>Bal*lis"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ballist<?/e</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>ballista</ets>, <ets>balista</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to throw.]</ety> <def>An ancient military engine, in the form of a crossbow, used for hurling large missiles.</def>

<h1>Ballister</h1>
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<hw>Bal"lis*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ballista</ets>. Cf. <er>Balister</er>.]</ety> <def>A crossbow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ballistic</h1>
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<hw>Bal*lis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the ballista, or to the art of hurling stones or missile weapons by means of an engine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to projection, or to a projectile.</def>

<cs><col>Ballistic pendulum</col>, <cd>an instrument consisting of a mass of wood or other material suspended as a pendulum, for measuring the force and velocity of projectiles by means of the arc through which their impact impels it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ballistics</h1>
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<hw>Bal*lis"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>balistique</ets>. See <er>Ballista</er>.]</ety> <def>The science or art of hurling missile weapons by the use of an engine.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Ballium</h1>
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<hw>Bal"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Bailey</er>.</def>

<h1>Balloon</h1>
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<hw>Bal*loon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ballon</ets>, aug. of <ets>balle</ets> ball: cf. It. <ets>ballone</ets>. See 1st <er>Ball</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Pallone</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bag made of silk or other light material, and filled with hydrogen gas or heated air, so as to rise and float in the atmosphere; especially, one with a car attached for a\'89rial navigation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A ball or globe on the top of a pillar, church, etc., as at St. Paul's, in London.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A round vessel, usually with a short neck, to hold or receive whatever is distilled; a glass vessel of a spherical form.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Pyrotechnics)</fld> <def>A bomb or shell.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A game played with a large inf<?/ated ball.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Engraving)</fld> <def>The outline inclosing words represented as coming from the mouth of a pictured figure.</def>

<cs><col>Air balloon</col>, <cd>a balloon for a\'89rial navigation.</cd> -- <col>Balloon frame</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a house frame constructed altogether of small timber.</cd> -- <col>Balloon net</col>, <cd>a variety of woven lace in which the weft threads are twisted in a peculiar manner around the warp.</cd></cs>

<h1>Balloon</h1>
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<hw>Bal*loon"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To take up in, or as if in, a balloon.</def>

<h1>Balloon</h1>
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<hw>Bal*loon"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go up or voyage in a balloon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To expand, or puff out, like a balloon.</def>

<h1>Ballooned</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*looned"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Swelled out like a balloon.</def>

<h1>Ballooner</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*loon"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who goes up in a balloon; an a\'89ronaut.</def>

<h1>Balloon fish</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*loon" fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the genus <spn>Diodon</spn> or the genus <spn>Tetraodon</spn>, having the power of distending its body by taking air or water into its dilatable esophagus. See <er>Globefish</er>, and <er>Bur fish</er>.</def>

<h1>Ballooning</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*loon"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or practice of managing balloons or voyaging in them.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>The process of temporarily raising the value of a stock, as by fictitious sales.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Ballooning spider</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*loon"ing spi"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spider which has the habit of rising into the air. Many kinds ( esp. species of <spn>Lycosa</spn>) do this while young by ejecting threads of silk until the force of the wind upon them carries the spider aloft.</def>

<h1>Balloonist</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*loon"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An a\'89ronaut.</def>

<h1>Balloonry</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal*loon"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or practice of ascending in a balloon; a\'89ronautics.</def>

<h1>Ballot</h1>
<Xpage=114>

<hw>Bal"lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ballotte</ets>, fr. It. <ets>ballotta</ets>. See <er>Ball</er> round body.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, a ball used for secret voting. Hence: Any printed or written ticket used in voting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of voting by balls or written or printed ballots or tickets; the system of voting secretly by balls or by tickets.</def>

<blockquote>The insufficiency of the <b>ballot</b>.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 115  -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The whole number of votes cast at an election, or in a given territory or electoral district.</def>

<cs><col>Ballot box</col>, <cd>a box for receiving ballots.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ballot</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Balloted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Balloting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ballotter</ets> to toss, to ballot, or It. <ets>ballottare</ets>. See <er>Ballot</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To vote or decide by ballot; <as>as, to <ex>ballot</ex> for a candidate</as>.</def>

<h1>Ballot</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"lot</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To vote for or in opposition to.</def>

<blockquote>None of the competitors arriving to a sufficient number of balls, they fell to <b>ballot</b> some others.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ballotade</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"lo*tade`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ballottade</ets>, fr. <ets>ballotter</ets> to toss. See <er>Ballot</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A leap of a horse, as between two pillars, or upon a straight line, so that when his four feet are in the air, he shows only the shoes of his hind feet, without jerking out.</def>

<h1>Ballotation</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal`lo*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Voting by ballot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Balloter</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"lot*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who votes by ballot.</def>

<h1>Ballotin</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"lo*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>An officer who has charge of a ballot box.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harrington.</i>

<h1>Ballow</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cudgel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ballproof</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ball"proof`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being penetrated by balls from firearms.</def>

<h1>Ballroom</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ball"room`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A room for balls or dancing.</def>

<h1>Balm</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Balm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>baume</ets>, OF. <ets>bausme</ets>, <ets>basme</ets>, F. <ets>baume</ets>, L. <ets>balsamum</ets> balsam, from Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; perhaps of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. <ets>b\'bes\'bem</ets>. Cf. <er>Balsam</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An aromatic plant of the genus <spn>Melissa</spn>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The resinous and aromatic exudation of certain trees or shrubs.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any fragrant ointment.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything that heals or that mitigates pain.</def> "<i>Balm</i> for each ill."

<i>Mrs. Hemans.</i>

<cs><col>Balm cricket</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European cicada. <i>Tennyson</i>.</cd> -- <col>Balm of Gilead</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small evergreen African and Asiatic tree of the terebinthine family <spn>(Balsamodendron Gileadense)</spn>. Its leaves yield, when bruised, a strong aromatic scent; and from this tree is obtained the <i>balm of Gilead<i> of the shops, or <i>balsam of Mecca<i>. This has a yellowish or greenish color, a warm, bitterish, aromatic taste, and a fragrant smell. It is valued as an unguent and cosmetic by the Turks. The fragrant herb <spn>Dracocephalum Canariense</spn> is familiarly called <i>balm of Gilead<i>, and so are the American trees, <spn>Populus balsamifera</spn>, variety <spn>candicans</spn> (balsam poplar), and <spn>Abies balsamea</spn> (balsam fir).</cd></cs>

<h1>Balm</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Balm</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To anoint with balm, or with anything medicinal. Hence: To soothe; to mitigate.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Balmify</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Balm"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Balm</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To render balmy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Balmily</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Balm"i*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a balmy manner.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Balmoral</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal*mor"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Balmoral</ets> Castle, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A long woolen petticoat, worn immediately under the dress.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of stout walking shoe, laced in front.</def>

<blockquote>A man who uses his <b>balmorals</b> to tread on your toes.
<i>George Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Balmy</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Balm"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the qualities of balm; odoriferous; aromatic; assuaging; soothing; refreshing; mild.</def> "The <i>balmy</i> breeze."

<i>Tickell.</i>

<blockquote>Tired nature's sweet restorer, <b>balmy</b> sleep !
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Producing balm.</def> "The <i>balmy</i> tree."

<i>Pope.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Fragrant; sweet-scented; odorous; spicy.</syn>

<h1>Balneal</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"ne*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balneum</ets> bath.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a bath.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Balneary</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"ne*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balnearium</ets>, fr. <ets>balneum</ets> bath.]</ety> <def>A bathing room.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Balneation</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal`ne*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>balneare</ets> to bathe, fr. L. <ets>balneum</ets> bath.]</ety> <def>The act of bathing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Balneatory</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"ne*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balneatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a bath.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Balneography</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal`ne*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balneum</ets> bath + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of baths.</def>

<h1>Balneology</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal`ne*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balneum</ets> bath + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on baths; the science of bathing.</def>

<h1>Balneotherapy</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal`ne*o*ther"a*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balneum</ets> bath + Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to heal.]</ety> <def>The treatment of disease by baths.</def>

<h1>Balotade</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"o*tade`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ballotade</er>.</def>

<h1>Balsa</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. or Pg. <ets>balsa</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A raft or float, used principally on the Pacific coast of South America.</def>

<h1>Balsam</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"sam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>balsamum</ets> the balsam tree or its resin, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. See <er>Balm</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A resin containing more or less of an essential or volatile oil.</def>

<note>&hand; The balsams are aromatic resinous substances, flowing spontaneously or by incision from certain plants. A great variety of substances pass under this name, but the term is now usually restricted to resins which, in addition to a volatile oil, contain benzoic and cinnamic acid. Among the true balsams are the balm of Gilead, and the balsams of copaiba, Peru, and Tolu. There are also many pharmaceutical preparations and resinous substances, possessed of a balsamic smell, to which the name <i>balsam</i> has been given.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A species of tree (<spn>Abies balsamea</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An annual garden plant (<spn>Impatiens balsamina</spn>) with beautiful flowers; balsamine.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything that heals, soothes, or restores.</def>

<blockquote>Was not the people's blessing a <b>balsam</b> to thy blood?
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Balsam apple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an East Indian plant ( <i>Momordica balsamina<i>), of the gourd family, with red or orange-yellow cucumber-shaped fruit of the size of a walnut, used as a vulnerary, and in liniments and poultices.</cd> -- <col>Balsam fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the American coniferous tree, <i>Abies balsamea<i>, from which the useful Canada balsam is derived.</cd> -- <col>Balsam of copaiba</col>. <cd>See <er>Copaiba</er>.</cd> -- <col>Balsam of Mecca</col>, <cd>balm of Gilead.</cd> -- <col>Balsam of Peru</col>, <cd>a reddish brown, syrupy balsam, obtained from a Central American tree ( <i>Myroxylon Pereir\'91<i> and used as a stomachic and expectorant, and in the treatment of ulcers, etc. It was long supposed to be a product of Peru.</cd> -- <col>Balsam of Tolu</col>, <cd>a reddish or yellowish brown semisolid or solid balsam, obtained from a South American tree ( <i>Myxoxylon toluiferum<i>.). It is highly fragrant, and is used as a stomachic and expectorant.</cd> -- <col>Balsam tree</col>, <cd>any tree from which balsam is obtained, esp. the <i>Abies balsamea<i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Canada balsam</col>, <col>Balsam of fir</col></mcol>, <cd>Canada turpentine, a yellowish, viscid liquid, which, by time and exposure, becomes a transparent solid mass. It is obtained from the balm of Gilead (or balsam) fir (<spn>Abies balsamea</spn>) by breaking the vesicles upon the trunk and branches. See <er>Balm</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Balsam</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"sam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat or anoint with balsam; to relieve, as with balsam; to render balsamic.</def>

<h1>Balsamation</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal`sam*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of imparting balsamic properties.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The art or process of embalming.</def>

<h1>Balsamic, Balsamical</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw><hw>Bal*sam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bal*sam"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>balsamique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the qualities of balsam; containing, or resembling, balsam; soft; mitigative; soothing; restorative.</def>

<h1>Balsamiferous</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal`sam*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Balsam</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing balsam.</def>

<h1>Balsamine</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"sam*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>balsamine</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> balsam plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The <i>Impatiens balsamina</i>, or garden balsam.</def>

<h1>Balsamous</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"sam*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the quality of balsam; containing balsam.</def> "A <i>balsamous</i> substance."

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Balter</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain. Cf. <er>Bloodboltered</er>.]</ety> <def>To stick together.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Baltic</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. mare <ets>Balticum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>balteus</ets> belt, from certain straits or channels surrounding its isles, called belts. See <er>Belt</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the sea which separates Norway and Sweden from Jutland, Denmark, and Germany; situated on the Baltic Sea.</def>

<h1>Baltimore bird. Baltimore oriole</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw><hw>Bal"ti*more bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <hw>Bal"ti*more o"ri*ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw> (<fld>Zo\'94l</fld>.) <def>A common American bird (<spn>Icterus galbula</spn>), named after Lord Baltimore, because its colors (black and orange red) are like those of his coat of arms; -- called also <altname>golden robin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Baluster</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bal"us*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>balustre</ets>, It. <ets>balaustro</ets>, fr. L. <ets>balaustium</ets> the flower of the wild pomegranate, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; -- so named from the similarity of form.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A row of balusters topped by a rail, serving as an open parapet, as along the edge of a balcony, terrace, bridge, staircase, or the eaves of a building.</def>

<h1>Bam</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. a contr. of <ets>bamboozle</ets>.]</ety> <def>An imposition; a cheat; a hoax.</def>

<i>Garrick.</i>

<blockquote>To relieve the tedium<?/ he kept plying them with all manner of <b>bams</b>.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bam</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bam</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cheat; to wheedle.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Foote.</i>

<h1>Bambino</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bam*bi"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., a little boy, fr. <ets>bambo</ets> silly; cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, to chatter.]</ety> <def>A child or baby; esp., a representation in art of the infant Christ wrapped in swaddling clothes.</def>

<h1>Bambocciade</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bam*boc`ci*ade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>bambocciata</ets>, fr. <ets>Bamboccio</ets> a nickname of Peter Van Laer, a Dutch genre painter; properly, a child, simpleton, puppet, fr. <ets>bambo</ets> silly.]</ety> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>A representation of a grotesque scene from common or rustic life.</def>

<h1>Bamboo</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bam*boo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>bambu</ets>, <ets>mambu</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the family of grasses, and genus <i>Bambusa</i>, growing in tropical countries.</def>

<note>&hand; The most useful species is <i>Bambusa arundinacea</i>, which has a woody, hollow, round, straight, jointed stem, and grows to the height of forty feet and upward. The flowers grow in large panicles, from the joints of the stalk, placed three in a parcel, close to their receptacles. Old stalks grow to five or six inches in diameter, and are so hard and durable as to be used for building, and for all sorts of furniture, for water pipes, and for poles to support palanquins. The smaller stalks are used for walking sticks, flutes, etc.</note>

<h1>Bamboo</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bam*boo"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To flog with the bamboo.</def>

<h1>Bamboozle</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bam*boo"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bamboozled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bamboozling</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <ety>[Said to be of Gipsy origin.]</ety> <def>To deceive by trickery; to cajole by confusing the senses; to hoax; to mystify; to humbug.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>What oriental tomfoolery is <b>bamboozling</b> you?
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bamboozler</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Bam*boo"zler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A swindler; one who deceives by trickery.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Ban</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ban</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bann</ets> command, edict; akin to D. <ets>ban</ets>, Icel. <ets>bann</ets>, Dan. <ets>band</ets>, OHG. <ets>ban</ets>, G. <ets>bann</ets>, a public proclamation, as of interdiction or excommunication, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to say, L. <ets>fari</ets> to speak, Skr. <ets>bhan</ets> to speak; cf. F. <ets>ban</ets>, LL. <ets>bannum</ets>, of G. origin. <?/. Cf. <er>Abandon</er>, <er>Fame</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A public proclamation or edict; a public order or notice, mandatory or prohibitory; a summons by public proclamation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Feudal & Mil.)</fld> <def>A calling together of the king's (esp. the French king's) vassals for military service; also, the body of vassals thus assembled or summoned. In present usage, in France and Prussia, the most effective part of the population liable to military duty and not in the standing army.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Notice of a proposed marriage, proclaimed in church. See <er>Banns</er> (the common spelling in this sense).</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An interdiction, prohibition, or proscription.</def> "Under <i>ban</i> to touch."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A curse or anathema.</def> "Hecate's <i>ban</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A pecuniary mulct or penalty laid upon a delinquent for offending against a ban; <as>as, a mulct paid to a bishop by one guilty of sacrilege or other crimes</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Ban of the empire</col> <fld>(German Hist.)</fld>, <cd>an imperial interdict by which political rights and privileges, as those of a prince, city, or district, were taken away.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ban</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ban</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Banned</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Banning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bannen</ets>, <ets>bannien</ets>, to summon, curse, AS. <ets>bannan</ets> to summon; akin to Dan. <ets>bande</ets>, <ets>forbande</ets>, to curse, Sw. <ets>banna</ets> to revile, <ets>bannas</ets> to curse. See <er>Ban</er> an edict, and cf. <er>Banish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To curse; to invoke evil upon.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To forbid; to interdict.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Ban</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ban</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To curse; to swear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Ban</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ban</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Serv. <ets>ban</ets>; cf. Russ. & Pol. <ets>pan</ets> a master<?/ lord, Per. <ets>ban</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ancient title of the warden of the eastern marches of Hungary; now, a title of the viceroy of Croatia and Slavonia.</def>

<h1>Banal</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ban"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>ban</ets> an ordinance.]</ety> <def>Commonplace; trivial; hackneyed; trite.</def>

<h1>Banality</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ba*nal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Banalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>banalit\'82</ets>. See <er>Banal</er>.]</ety> <def>Something commonplace, hackneyed, or trivial; the commonplace, in speech.</def>

<blockquote>The highest things were thus brought down to the <b>banalities</b> of discourse.
<i>J. Morley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Banana</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ba*na"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>banana</ets>, name of the fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial herbaceous plant of almost treelike size (<spn>Musa sapientum</spn>); also, its edible fruit. See <er>Musa</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The banana has a soft, herbaceous stalk, with leaves of great length and breadth. The flowers grow in bunches, covered with a sheath of a green or purple color; the fruit is five or six inches long, and over an inch in diameter; the pulp is soft, and of a luscious taste, and is eaten either raw or cooked. This plant is a native of tropical countries, and furnishes an important article of food.</note>

<cs><col>Banana bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small American bird (<spn>Icterus leucopteryx</spn>), which feeds on the banana.</cd> -- <col>Banana quit</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small bird of tropical America, of the genus <spn>Certhiola</spn>, allied to the creepers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Banat</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ban"at</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. & G. <ets>banat</ets>. See <er>Ban</er> a warden.]</ety> <def>The territory governed by a ban.</def>

<h1>Banc, Bancus, Bank</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw><hw>Banc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ban"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>banc</ets>, LL. <ets>bancus</ets>. See <er>Bank</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A bench; a high seat, or seat of distinction or judgment; a tribunal or court.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>In banc</col>, <col>In banco</col> (the ablative of <i>bancus</i>), <col>In bank</col></mcol>, <cd>in full court, or with full judicial authority; as, sittings <i>in banc<i> (distinguished from sittings at <i>nisi prius<i>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Banco</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Ban"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Bank</er>.]</ety> <def>A bank, especially that of Venice.</def>

<note>&hand; This term is used in some parts of Europe to indicate bank money, as distinguished from the current money, when this last has become depreciated.</note>

<h1>Band</h1>
<Xpage=115>

<hw>Band</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>band</ets>, <ets>bond</ets>, Icel. <ets>band</ets>; akin to G., Sw., & D. <ets>band</ets>, OHG. <ets>bant</ets>, Goth. <ets>banti</ets>, Skr. <ets>bandha</ets> a binding, <ets>bandh</ets> to bind, for <ets>bhanda</ets>, <ets>bhandh</ets>, also to E. <ets>bend</ets>, <ets>bind</ets>. In sense 7, at least, it is fr. F. <ets>bande</ets>, from OHG. <ets>bant</ets>. <?/ See <er>Bind</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Bend</er>, <er>Bond</er>, 1st <er>Bandy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fillet, strap, or any narrow ligament with which a thing is encircled, or fastened, or by which a number of things are tied, bound together, or confined; a fetter.</def>

<blockquote>Every one's <b>bands</b> were loosed.
<i>Acis xvi 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A continuous tablet, stripe, or series of ornaments, as of carved foliage, of color, or of brickwork, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In Gothic architecture, the molding, or suite of moldings, which encircles the pillars and small shafts.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which serves as the means of union or connection between persons; a tie.</def> "To join in Hymen's <i>bands</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A linen collar or ruff worn in the 16th and 17th centuries.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <def>Two strips of linen hanging from the neck in front as part of a clerical, legal, or academic dress.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A narrow strip of cloth or other material on any article of dress, to bind, strengthen, ornament, or complete it.</def> "<i>Band</i> and gusset and seam."

<i>Hood.</i>

<-- p. 116  -->

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A company of persons united in any common design, especially a body of armed men.</def>

<blockquote>Troops of horsemen with his <b>bands</b> of foot.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A number of musicians who play together upon portable musical instruments, especially those making a loud sound, as certain wind instruments (trumpets, clarinets, etc.), and drums, or cymbals.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A space between elevated lines or ribs, as of the fruits of umbelliferous plants.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A stripe, streak, or other mark transverse to the axis of the body.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A belt or strap.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>A bond</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Thy oath and <i>band</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>Pledge; security.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<cs><col>Band saw</col>, <cd>a saw in the form of an endless steel belt, with teeth on one edge, running over wheels.</cd></cs>

<h1>Band</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Banded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Banding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bind or tie with a band.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mark with a band.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To unite in a troop, company, or confederacy.</def> "<i>Banded</i> against his throne."

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Banded architrave</col>, <col>pier</col>, <col>shaft</col>, etc.</mcol> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an architrave, pier, etc., of which the regular profile is interrupted by blocks or projections crossing it at right angles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Band</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To confederate for some common purpose; to unite; to conspire together.</def>

<blockquote>Certain of the Jews <b>banded</b> together.
<i>Acts xxiii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Band</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bandy; to drive away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Band</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band</hw>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Bind</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bandage</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bandage</ets>, fr. <ets>bande</ets>. See <er>Band</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fillet or strip of woven material, used in dressing and binding up wounds, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something resembling a bandage; that which is bound over or round something to cover, strengthen, or compress it; a ligature.</def>

<blockquote>Zeal too had a place among the rest, with a <b>bandage</b> over her eyes.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bandage</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band"age</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bandaged</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bandaging</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <def>To bind, dress, or cover, with a bandage; <as>as, to <ex>bandage</ex> the eyes</as>.</def>

<h1>Bandala</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban*da"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fabric made in Manilla from the older leaf sheaths of the abaca (<spn>Musa textilis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bandanna, Bandana</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw><hw>Ban*dan"na</hw>, <hw>Ban*dan"a</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>b\'bendhn<?/</ets> a mode of dyeing in which the cloth is tied in different places so as to prevent the parts tied from receiving the dye. Cf. <er>Band</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A species of silk or cotton handkerchief, having a uniformly dyed ground, usually of red or blue, with white or yellow figures of a circular, lozenge, or other simple form.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A style of calico printing, in which white or bright spots are produced upon cloth previously dyed of a uniform red or dark color, by discharging portions of the color by chemical means, while the rest of the cloth is under pressure.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Bandbox</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band"box`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A light box of pasteboard or thin wood, usually cylindrical, for holding ruffs (the <i>bands</i> of the 17th century), collars, caps, bonnets, etc.</def>

<h1>Bandeau</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"deau</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bandeaux</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A narrow band or fillet; a part of a head-dress.</def>

<blockquote>Around the edge of this cap was a stiff <b>bandeau</b> of leather.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bandelet, Bandlet</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw><hw>Band"e*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Band"let</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bandelette</ets>, dim. of <ets>bande</ets>. See <er>Band</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and ch. <er>Bendlet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small band or fillet; any little band or flat molding, compassing a column, like a ring.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Bander</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One banded with others.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Banderole, Bandrol</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw><hw>Band"e*role</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Band"rol</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>banderole</ets>, dim. of <ets>bandi\'8are</ets>, <ets>banni\'8are</ets>, banner; cf. It. <ets>banderuola</ets> a little banner. See <er>Banner</er>.]</ety> <def>A little banner, flag, or streamer.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bannerol</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>From the extremity of which fluttered a small <b>banderole</b> or streamer bearing a cross.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Band fish</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band" fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small red fish of the genus <spn>Cepola</spn>; the ribbon fish.</def>

<h1>Bandicoot</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"di*coot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A species of very large rat (<spn>Mus giganteus</spn>), found in India and Ceylon. It does much injury to rice fields and gardens.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A ratlike marsupial animal (genus <spn>Perameles</spn>) of several species, found in Australia and Tasmania.</def>

<h1>Banding plane</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band"ing plane`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A plane used for cutting out grooves and inlaying strings and bands in straight and circular work.</def>

<h1>Bandit</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"dit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.<plw>Bandits</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, &or; <plw>Banditti</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It. <ets>bandito</ets> outlaw, p.p. of <ets>bandire</ets> to proclaim, to banish, to proscribe, LL. <ets>bandire</ets>, <ets>bannire</ets>. See <er>Ban</er> an edict, and cf. <er>Banish</er>.]</ety> <def>An outlaw; a brigand.</def>

<blockquote>No savage fierce, <b>bandit</b>, or mountaineer.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The plural <i>banditti</i> was formerly used as a collective noun.</note>

<blockquote>Deerstealers are ever a desperate <b>banditti</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bandle</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. <ets>bannlamh</ets> cubit, fr. <ets>bann</ets> a measure + <ets>lamh</ets> hand, arm.]</ety> <def>An Irish measure of two feet in length.</def>

<h1>Bandlet</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bandelet</er>.</def>

<h1>Bandmaster</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band"mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The conductor of a musical band.</def>

<h1>Bandog</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"dog`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Band + dog, i.e., bound dog.]</ety> <def>A mastiff or other large and fierce dog, usually kept chained or tied up.</def>

<blockquote>The keeper entered leading his <b>bandog</b>, a large bloodhound, tied in a leam, or band, from which he takes his name.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bandoleer, Bandolier</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw><hw>Ban`do*leer"</hw>, <hw>Ban`do*lier"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bandouli\'8are</ets> (cf.It. <ets>bandoliera</ets>, Sp.<ets>bandolera</ets>), fr.F. <ets>bande</ets> band, Sp.&It. <ets>banda</ets>. See <er>Band</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A broad leather belt formerly worn by soldiers over the right shoulder and across the breast under the left arm. Originally it was used for supporting the musket and twelve cases for charges, but later only as a cartridge belt.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the leather or wooden cases in which the charges of powder were carried.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bandoline</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"do*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. allied to <ets>band</ets>.]</ety> <def>A glutinous pomatum for the fair.</def>

<h1>Bandon</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bandon</ets>. See <er>Abandon</er>.]</ety> <def>Disposal; control; license.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Bandore</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"dore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>bandurria</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pandura</ets>, <ets>pandurium</ets>, a musical instrument of three strings, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. Cf. <er>Pandore</er>, <er>Banjo</er>, <er>Mandolin</er>.]</ety> <def>A musical stringed instrument, similar in form to a guitar; a pandore.</def>

<h1>Bandrol</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Band"rol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Banderole</er>.</def>

<h1>Bandy</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Telugu <ets>bandi</ets>.]</ety> <def>A carriage or cart used in India, esp. one drawn by bullocks.</def>

<h1>Bandy</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"dy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bandies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>band\'82</ets>, p.p. of <ets>bander</ets> to bind, to bend (a bow), to bandy, fr. <ets>bande</ets>. See <er>Band</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A club bent at the lower part for striking a ball at play; a hockey stick.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The game played with such a club; hockey; shinney; bandy ball.</def>

<h1>Bandy</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"dy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bandied</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bandying</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat to and fro, as a ball in playing at bandy.</def>

<blockquote>Like tennis balls <b>bandied</b> and struck upon us . . . by rackets from without.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give and receive reciprocally; to exchange.</def> "To <i>bandy</i> hasty words."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To toss about, as from man to man; to agitate.</def>

<blockquote>Let not obvious and known truth be <b>bandied</b> about in a disputation.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bandy</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"dy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To content, as at some game in which each strives to drive the ball his own way.</def>

<blockquote>Fit to <b>bandy</b> with thy lawless sons.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bandy</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"dy</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bent; crooked; curved laterally, esp. with the convex side outward; <as>as, a <ex>bandy</ex> leg</as>.</def>

<h1>Bandy-legged</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Ban"dy-legged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having crooked legs.</def>

<h1>Bane</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bane</ets> destruction, AS. <ets>bana</ets> murderer; akin to Icel. <ets>bani</ets> death, murderer, OHG. <ets>bana</ets> murder, <ets>bano</ets> murderer, <ets><?/</ets> murder, OIr. <ets>bath</ets> death, <ets>benim</ets> I strike. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which destroys life, esp. poison of a deadly quality.</def> <mark>[Obs.  except in combination, as in ratsbane, henbane, etc.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destruction; death.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The cup of deception spiced and tempered to their <b>bane</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any cause of ruin, or lasting injury; harm; woe.</def>

<blockquote>Money, thou <b>bane</b> of bliss, and source of woe.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A disease in sheep, commonly termed the <i>rot</i>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Poison; ruin; destruction; injury; pest.</syn>

<h1>Bane</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bane</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To be the bane of; to ruin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Baneberry</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bane"ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus <spn>(Act\'91a)</spn> of plants, of the order <i>Ranunculace\'91</i>, native in the north temperate zone. The red or white berries are poisonous.</def>

<h1>Baneful</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bane"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having poisonous qualities; deadly; destructive; injurious; noxious; pernicious.</def>  "<i>Baneful</i> hemlock." <i>Garth</i>. "<i>Baneful</i> wrath." <i>Chapman</i>.

 -- <wordforms><wf>Bane"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> --<wf>Bane"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Banewort</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bane"wort</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Deadly nightshade.</def>

<h1>Bang</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Banged</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Banging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Icel. <ets>banga</ets> to hammer; akin to Dan. <ets>banke</ets> to beat, Sw.<ets>b\'86ngas</ets> to be impetuous, G. <ets>bengel</ets> club, clapper of a bell.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat, as with a club or cudgel; to treat with violence; to handle roughly.</def>

<blockquote>The desperate tempest hath so <b>banged</b> the Turks.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To beat or thump, or to cause ( something) to hit or strike against another object, in such a way as to make a loud noise; <as>as, to <ex>bang</ex> a drum or a piano; to <ex>bang</ex> a door (against the doorpost or casing) in shutting it.</as></def>

<h1>Bang</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bang</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a loud noise, as if with a blow or succession of blows; <as>as, the window blind <ex>banged</ex> and waked me; he was <ex>banging</ex> on the piano.</as></def>

<h1>Bang</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bang</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A blow as with a club; a heavy blow.</def>

<blockquote>Many a stiff thwack, many a <b>bang</b>.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sound produced by a sudden concussion.</def>

<h1>Bang</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bang</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cut squarely across, as the tail of a hors, or the forelock of human beings; to cut (the hair).</def>

<blockquote>His hair <b>banged</b> even with his eyebrows.
<i>The Century Mag.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bang</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bang</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The short, front hair combed down over the forehead, esp. when cut squarely across; a false front of hair similarly worn.</def>

<blockquote>His hair cut in front like a young lady's <b>bang</b>.
<i>W. D. Howells.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bang, Bangue</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw><hw>Bang</hw>, <hw>Bangue</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bhang</er>.</def>

<h1>Banging</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bang"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Huge; great in size.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Forby.</i>

<h1>Bangle</h1>
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<hw>Ban"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From 1st <er>Bang</er>.]</ety> <def>To waste by little and little; to fritter away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bangle</h1>
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<hw>Ban"gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>bangr\'c6</ets> bracelet, bangle.]</ety> <def>An ornamental circlet, of glass, gold, silver, or other material, worn by women in India and Africa, and in some other countries, upon the wrist or ankle; a ring bracelet.</def>

<cs><col>Bangle ear</col>, <cd>a loose hanging ear of a horse, like that of a spaniel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Banian</h1>
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<hw>Ban"ian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>banij</ets> merchant. The tree was so named by the English, because used as a market place by the merchants.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A Hindoo trader, merchant, cashier, or money changer.</def>  <altsp>[Written also <asp>banyan</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A man's loose gown, like that worn by the Banians.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The Indian fig. See <er>Banyan</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Banian days</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>days in which the sailors have no flesh meat served out to them. This use seems to be borrowed from the Banians or Banya race, who eat no flesh.</cd></cs>

<h1>Banish</h1>
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<hw>Ban"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Banished</er>(<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Banishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>banir</ets>, F. <ets>bannir</ets>, LL. <ets>bannire</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>bannan</ets> to summon, fr. <ets>ban</ets> ban. See <er>Ban</er> an edict, and <er>Finish</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To condemn to exile, or compel to leave one's country, by authority of the ruling power.</def> "We <i>banish</i> you our territories."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To drive out, as from a home or familiar place; -- used with <i>from</i> and <i>out of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>How the ancient Celtic tongue came to be <b>banished</b> from the Low Countries in Scotland.
<i>Blair.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To drive away; to compel to depart; to dispel.</def> "<i>Banish</i> all offense."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Banish</er>, <er>Exile</er>, <er>Expel</er>.</syn> <usage> The idea of a coercive removal from a place is common to these terms. A man is <i>banished</i> when he is forced by the government of a country (be he a foreigner or a native) to leave its borders. A man is <i>exiled</i> when he is driven into banishment from his <i>native</i> country and home. Thus to <i>exile</i> is to <i>banish</i>, but to <i>banish</i> is not always to <i>exile</i>. To <i>expel</i> is to eject or banish, summarily or authoritatively, and usually under circumstances of disgrace; as, to <i>expel</i> from a college; <i>expelled</i> from decent society.</usage>

<h1>Banisher</h1>
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<hw>Ban"ish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who banishes.</def>

<h1>Banishment</h1>
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<hw>Ban"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bannissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of banishing, or the state of being banished.</def>

<blockquote>He secured himself by the <b>banishment</b> of his enemies.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Round the wide world in <b>banishment</b> we roam.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Expatriation; ostracism; expulsion; proscription; exile; outlawry.</syn>

<h1>Banister</h1>
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<hw>Ban"is*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formerly also <ets>banjore</ets> and <ets>banjer</ets>; corrupted from <ets>bandore</ets>, through negro slave pronunciation.]</ety> <def>A stringed musical instrument having a head and neck like the guitar, and its body like a tambourine. It has five strings, and is played with the fingers and hands.</def>

<h1>Bank</h1>
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<hw>Bank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>banke</ets>; akin to E. <ets>bench</ets>, and prob. of Scand. origin.; cf. Icel. <ets>bakki</ets>. See <er>Bench</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mound, pile, or ridge of earth, raised above the surrounding level; hence, anything shaped like a mound or ridge of earth; <as>as, a <ex>bank</ex> of clouds; a <ex>bank</ex> of snow.</as></def>

<blockquote>They cast up a <b>bank</b> against the city.
<i>2 Sam. xx. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A steep acclivity, as the slope of a hill, or the side of a ravine.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The margin of a watercourse; the rising ground bordering a lake, river, or sea, or forming the edge of a cutting, or other hollow.</def>

<blockquote>Tiber trembled underneath her <b>banks</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An elevation, or rising ground, under the sea; a shoal, shelf, or shallow; <as>as, the <ex>banks</ex> of Newfoundland</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The face of the coal at which miners are working.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A deposit of ore or coal, worked by excavations above water level.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The ground at the top of a shaft; <as>as, ores are brought to <ex>bank</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Bank beaver</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the otter.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Bank swallow</col>, <cd>a small American and European swallow (<spn>Clivicola riparia</spn>) that nests in a hole which it excavates in a bank.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bank</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bank</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Banked</er>(<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Banking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To raise a mound or dike about; to inclose, defend, or fortify with a bank; to embank.</def> "<i>Banked</i> well with earth."

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To heap or pile up; <as>as, to <ex>bank</ex> sand</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pass by the banks of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>To bank a fire</col>, <col>To bank up a fire</col></mcol>, <cd>to cover the coals or embers with ashes or cinders, thus keeping the fire low but alive.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bank</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bank</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. F. <ets>banc</ets>. Of German origin, and akin to E. <ets>bench</ets>. See <er>Bench</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bench, as for rowers in a galley; also, a tier of oars.</def>

<blockquote>Placed on their <b>banks</b>, the lusty Trojan sweep
Neptune's smooth face, and cleave the yielding deep.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bench or seat upon which the judges sit.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The regular term of a court of law, or the full court sitting to hear arguments upon questions of law, as distinguished from a sitting at <i>Nisi Prius</i>, or a court held for jury trials. See <er>Banc</er>.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <def>A sort of table used by printers.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Music)</fld> <def>A bench, or row of keys belonging to a keyboard, as in an organ.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Bank</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bank</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>banque</ets>, It. <ets>banca</ets>, orig. bench, table, counter, of German origin, and akin to E. <ets>bench</ets>; cf. G. <ets>bank</ets> bench, OHG. <ets>banch</ets>. See <er>Bench</er>, and cf. <er>Banco</er>, <er>Beach</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An establishment for the custody, loan, exchange, or issue, of money, and for facilitating the transmission of funds by drafts or bills of exchange; an institution incorporated for performing one or more of such functions, or the stockholders (or their representatives, the directors), acting in their corporate capacity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The building or office used for banking purposes.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A fund from deposits or contributions, to be used in transacting business; a joint stock or capital.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Let it be no <b>bank</b> or common stock, but every man be master of his own money.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gaming)</fld> <def>The sum of money or the checks which the dealer or banker has as a fund, from which to draw his stakes and pay his losses.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>In certain games, as dominos, a fund of pieces from which the players are allowed to draw.</def>

<cs><col>Bank credit</col>, <cd>a credit by which a person who has give<?/  the required security to a bank has liberty to draw to <?/ certain extent agreed upon.</cd> -- <col>Bank of deposit</col>, <cd>a bank which receives money for safe keeping.</cd> -- <col>Bank of issue</col>, <cd>a bank which issues its own notes payable to bearer.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bank</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bank</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deposit in a bank.</def>

<h1>Bank</h1>
<Xpage=116>

<hw>Bank</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To keep a bank; to carry on the business of a banker.</def>

<-- p. 117  -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deposit money in a bank; to have an account with a banker.</def>

<h1>Bankable</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bank"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Receivable at a bank.</def>

<h1>Bank bill</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bank" bill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>In America (and formerly in England), a promissory note of a bank payable to the bearer on demand, and used as currency; a bank note.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In England, a note, or a bill of exchange, of a bank, payable to order, and usually at some future specified time. Such bills are negotiable, but form, in the strict sense of the term, no part of the currency.</def>

<h1>Bank book</h1>
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<hw>Bank" book`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A book kept by a depositor, in which an officer of a bank enters the debits and credits of the depositor's account with the bank.</def>

<h1>Banker</h1>
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<hw>Bank"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[See the nouns <er>Bank</er> and the verbs derived from them.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who conducts the business of banking; one who, individually, or as a member of a company, keeps an establishment for the deposit or loan of money, or for traffic in money, bills of exchange, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A money changer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The dealer, or one who keeps the bank in a gambling house.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A vessel employed in the cod fishery on the banks of Newfoundland.</def>

<i>Grabb. J. Q. Adams.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A ditcher; a drain digger.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The stone bench on which masons cut or square their work.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Bankeress</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bank"er*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female banker.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Banking</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bank"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The business of a bank or of a banker.</def>

<cs><col>Banking house</col>, <cd>an establishment or office in which, or a firm by whom, banking is done.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bank note</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bank" note`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A promissory note issued by a bank or banking company, payable to bearer on demand.</def>

<note>&hand; In the United States popularly called a <i>bank bill</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formerly, a promissory note made by a banker, or banking company, payable to a specified person at a fixed date; a bank bill. See <er>Bank bill</er>, 2.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A promissory note payable at a bank.</def>

<h1>Bankrupt</h1>
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<hw>Bank"rupt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>banqueroute</ets>, fr. It. <ets>bancarotta</ets> bankruptcy; <ets>banca</ets> bank (fr. OHG. <ets>banch</ets>, G. <ets>bank</ets>, bench) + <ets>rotta</ets> broken, fr. L. <ets>ruptus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>rumpere</ets> to break. At Florence, it is said, the bankrupt had his bench ( i.e., money table) broken. See 1st <er>Bank</er>, and <er>Rupture</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Old Eng. Low)</fld> <def>A trader who secretes himself, or does certain other acts tending to defraud his creditors.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A trader who becomes unable to pay his debts; an insolvent trader; popularly, any person who is unable to pay his debts; an insolvent person.</def>

<i>M<?/Culloch.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person who, in accordance with the terms of a law relating to bankruptcy, has been judicially declared to be unable to meet his liabilities.</def>

<note>&hand; In England, until the year 1861 none but a "trader" could be made a bankrupt; a non-trader failing to meet his liabilities being an "insolvent". But this distinction was abolished by the Bankruptcy Act of 1861. The laws of 1841 and 1867 of the United States relating to bankruptcy applied this designation <i>bankrupt</i> to others besides those engaged in trade.</note>

<h1>Bankrupt</h1>
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<hw>Bank"rupt</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being a bankrupt or in a condition of bankruptcy; unable to pay, or legally discharged from paying, one's debts; <as>as, a <ex>bankrupt</ex> merchant</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Depleted of money; not having the means of meeting pecuniary liabilities; <as>as, a <ex>bankrupt</ex> treasury</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Relating to bankrupts and bankruptcy.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Destitute of, or wholly wanting (something once possessed, or something one should possess).</def> "<i>Bankrupt</i> in gratitude.</def>"

<i>Sheridan.</i>

<cs><col>Bankrupt law</col>, <cd>a law by which the property of a person who is unable or unwilling to pay his debts may be taken and distributed to his creditors, and by which a person who has made a full surrender of his property, and is free from fraud, may be discharged from the legal obligation of his debts. See <er>Insolvent</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Bankrupt</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bank"rupt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bankrupted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bankrupting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make bankrupt; to bring financial ruin upon; to impoverish.</def>

<h1>Bankruptcy</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bank"rupt*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bankruptcies</plw>(<?/).</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being actually or legally bankrupt.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or process of becoming a bankrupt.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Complete loss; -- followed by <i>of</i>.</def>

<h1>Bankside</h1>
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<hw>Bank"side`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The slope of a bank, especially of the bank of a steam.</def>

<h1>Bank-sided</h1>
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<hw>Bank"-sid`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Having sides inclining inwards, as a ship; -- opposed to <i>wall-sided</i>.</def>

<h1>Bank swallow</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bank" swal"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under 1st <er>Bank</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Banlieue</h1>
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<hw>Ban"li*eue`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>bannum leucae</ets>, <ets>banleuca</ets>; <ets>bannum</ets> jurisdiction + <ets>leuca</ets> league.]</ety> <def>The territory without the walls, but within the legal limits, of a town or city.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Banner</h1>
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<hw>Ban"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>banere</ets>, OF. <ets>baniere</ets>, F. <ets>banni\'8are</ets>, <ets>bandi\'8are</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>baniera</ets>, <ets>banderia</ets>, fr. <ets>bandum</ets> banner, fr. OHG. <ets>bant</ets> band, strip of cloth; cf. <ets>bindan</ets> to bind, Goth. <ets>bandwa</ets>, <ets>bandwo</ets>, a sign. See <er>Band</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of flag attached to a spear or pike by a crosspiece, and used by a chief as his standard in battle.</def>

<blockquote>Hang out our <b>banners</b> on the outward walls.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A large piece of silk or other cloth, with a device or motto, extended on a crosspiece, and borne in a procession, or suspended in some conspicuous place.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any flag or standard; <as>as, the star-spangled <ex>banner</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Banner fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish of the genus <i>Histiophorus<i>, of the Swordfish family, having a broad bannerlike dorsal fin; the sailfish. One species (<spn>H. Americanus</spn>) inhabits the North Atlantic.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bannered</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Ban"nered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>bannered</i> host."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Banneret</h1>
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<hw>Ban"ner*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[OE. <ets>baneret</ets>, OF. <ets>baneret</ets>, F. <ets>banneret</ets>; properly a dim. of OF. <ets>baniere</ets>. See <er>Banner</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, a knight who led his vassals into the field under his own banner; -- commonly used as a title of rank.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A title of rank, conferred for heroic deeds, and hence, an order of knighthood; also, the person bearing such title or rank.</def>

<note>&hand; The usual mode of conferring the rank on the field of battle was by cutting or tearing off the point of the pennon or pointed flag on the spear of the candidate, thereby making it a banner.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A civil officer in some Swiss cantons.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A small banner.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bannerol</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Ban"ner*ol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A banderole; esp. a banner displayed at a funeral procession and set over the tomb. See <er>Banderole</er>.</def>

<h1>Bannition</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Ban*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>bannitio</ets>. See <er>Banish</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of expulsion.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Abp. Laud.</i>

<h1>Bannock</h1>
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<hw>Ban"nock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>bonnach</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of cake or bread, in shape flat and roundish, commonly made of oatmeal or barley meal and baked on an iron plate, or griddle; -- used in Scotland and the northern counties of England.</def>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<cs><col>Bannock fluke</col>, <cd>the turbot. <mark>[Scot.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Banns</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Banns</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ban</er>.]</ety> <def>Notice of a proposed marriage, proclaimed in a church, or other place prescribed by law, in order that any person may object, if he knows of just cause why the marriage should not take place.</def>

<h1>Banquet</h1>
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<hw>Ban"quet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a feast, prop. a dim. of <ets>banc</ets> bench; cf. It. <ets>banchetto</ets>, dim. of <ets>banco</ets> a bench, counter. See <er>Bank</er> a bench, and cf. <er>Banquette</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A feast; a sumptuous entertainment of eating and drinking; often, a complimentary or ceremonious feast, followed by speeches.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dessert; a course of sweetmeats; a sweetmeat or sweetmeats.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We'll dine in the great room, but let the music
And <b>banquet</b> be prepared here.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Banquet</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Ban"quet</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Banqueted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Banqueting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To treat with a banquet or sumptuous entertainment of food; to feast.</def>

<blockquote>Just in time to <b>banquet</b>
The illustrious company assembled there.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Banquet</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Ban"quet</hw>, <tt>v.i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To regale one's self with good eating and drinking; to feast.</def>

<blockquote>Were it a draught for Juno when she <b>banquets</b>,
I would not taste thy treasonous offer.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To partake of a dessert after a feast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Where they did both sup and <b>banquet</b>.
<i>Cavendish.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Banquetter</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Ban"quet*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who banquets; one who feasts or makes feasts.</def>

<h1>Banquette</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Ban*quette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Banquet</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A raised way or foot bank, running along the inside of a parapet, on which musketeers stand to fire upon the enemy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A narrow window seat; a raised shelf at the back or the top of a buffet or dresser.</def>

<h1>Banshee, Banshie</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw><hw>Ban"shee</hw>, <hw>Ban"shie</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>bean-shith</ets> fairy; Gael. & Ir. <ets>bean</ets> woman + Gael. <ets>sith</ets> fairy.]</ety> <def>A supernatural being supposed by the Irish and Scotch peasantry to warn a family of the speedy death of one of its members, by wailing or singing in a mournful voice under the windows of the house.</def>

<h1>Banstickle</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Ban"stic`kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ban</ets>, <ets>bon</ets>, bone + <ets>stickle</ets> prickle, sting. See <er>Bone</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Stickleback</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fish, the three-spined stickleback.</def>

<h1>Bantam</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Ban"tam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A variety of small barnyard fowl, with feathered legs, probably brought from Bantam, a district of Java.</def>

<h1>Bantam work</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Ban"tam work`</hw>. <def>Carved and painted work in imitation of Japan ware.</def>

<h1>Banteng</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Ban"teng</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wild ox of Java (<spn>Bibos Banteng</spn>).</def>

<h1>Banter</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Ban"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[ <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bantered</er>(<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bantering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. corrupted fr. F. <ets>badiner</ets> to joke, or perh. fr. E. <ets>bandy</ets> to beat to and fro. See <er>Badinage</er>, and cf. <er>Barter</er> fr.  OF. <ets>barater</ets>.]</def>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To address playful good-natured ridicule to, -- the person addressed, or something pertaining to him, being the subject of the jesting; to rally; <as>as, he <ex>bantered</ex> me about my credulity</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Hag-ridden by my own fancy all night, and then <b>bantered</b> on
my haggard looks the next day.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To jest about; to ridicule in speaking of, as some trait, habit, characteristic, and the like.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>If they <b>banter</b> your regularity, order, and love of study, <b>banter</b> in return their neglect of them.
<i>Chatham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To delude or trick, -- esp. by way of jest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We diverted ourselves with <b>bantering</b> several poor scholars
with hopes of being at least his lordship's chaplain.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To challenge or defy to a match.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Southern and Western U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Banter</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Ban"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of bantering; joking or jesting; humorous or good-humored raillery; pleasantry.</def>

<blockquote>Part <b>banter</b>, part affection.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Banterer</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Ban"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who banters or rallies.</def>

<h1>Bantingism</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Ban"ting*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A method of reducing corpulence by avoiding food containing much farinaceous, saccharine, or oily matter; -- so called from William <i>Banting</i> of London.</def>

<h1>Bantling</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bant"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. for <ets>bandling</ets>, from <ets>band</ets>, and meaning a child wrapped in swaddling bands; or cf. G. <ets>b\'84ntling</ets> a bastard, fr. <ets>bank</ets> bench. Cf.  <er>Bastard</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A young or small child; an infant. [Slightly contemptuous or depreciatory.]</def>

<blockquote>In what out of the way corners genius produces her <b>bantlings</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Banxring</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Banx"ring</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An East Indian insectivorous mammal of the genus <spn>Tupaia</spn>.</def>

<h1>Banyan</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Ban"yan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Banian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree of the same genus as the common fig, and called the Indian fig (<spn>Ficus Indica</spn>), whose branches send shoots to the ground, which take root and become additional trunks, until it may be the tree covers some acres of ground and is able to shelter thousands of men.</def>

<h1>Baobab</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Ba"o*bab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The native name.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A gigantic African tree (<spn>Adansonia digitata</spn>), also naturalized in India. See <er>Adansonia</er>.</def>

<h1>Baphomet</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Baph"o*met</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[A corruption of <ets>Mahomet</ets> or <ets>Mohammed</ets>, the Arabian prophet: cf. Pr. <ets>Bafomet</ets>, OSp. <ets>Mafomat</ets>, OPg. <ets>Mafameda</ets>.]</ety> <def>An idol or symbolical figure which the Templars were accused of using in their mysterious rites.</def>

<h1>Baptism</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bap"tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>baptim</ets>, <ets>baptem</ets>, OE. <ets>baptesme</ets>, <ets>batisme</ets>, F. <ets>bapt\'88me</ets>, L. <ets>baptisma</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to baptize, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to dip in water, akin to <ets><?/</ets> deep, Skr. <ets>g\'beh</ets> to dip, bathe, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>The act of baptizing; the application of water to a person, as a sacrament or religious ceremony, by which he is initiated into the visible church of Christ. This is performed by immersion, sprinkling, or pouring.</def>

<h1>Baptismal</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bap*tis"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>baptismal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to baptism; <as>as, <ex>baptismal</ex> vows</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Baptismal name</col>, <cd>the Christian name, which is given at baptism.</cd></cs>

<h1>Baptismally</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bap*tis"mal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a baptismal manner.</def>

<h1>Baptist</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bap"tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>baptista</ets>, G. <ets><?/</ets>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who administers baptism; -- specifically applied to John, the forerunner of Christ.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of a denomination of Christians who deny the validity of infant baptism and of sprinkling, and maintain that baptism should be administered to believers alone, and should be by immersion. See <er>Anabaptist</er>.</def>

<note>In doctrine the Baptists of this country [the United States] are Calvinistic, but with much freedom and moderation.</note>

<i>Amer. Cyc.</i>

<cs><col>Freewill Baptists</col>, <cd>a sect of Baptists who are Arminian in doctrine, and practice open communion.</cd> -- <col>Seventh-day Baptists</col>, <cd>a sect of Baptists who keep the seventh day of the week, or Saturday, as the Sabbath. See <er>Sabbatarian</er>. The Dunkers and Campbellites are also Baptists.</cd></cs>

<h1>Baptistery,Baptistry</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw><hw>Bap"tis*ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw>Bap"tis*try</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Baptisteries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <plw>-tries</plw> (<?/)</plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>baptisterium</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>: cf. F. <ets>baptist\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In early times, a separate building, usually polygonal, used for baptismal services. Small churches were often changed into baptisteries when larger churches were built near.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A part of a church containing a font and used for baptismal services.</def>

<h1>Baptistic</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bap*tis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>]</ety> <def>Of or for baptism; baptismal.</def>

<h1>Baptistical</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bap*tis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Baptistic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Baptizable</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bap*tiz"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being baptized; fit to be baptized.</def>

<i>Baxter.</i>

<h1>Baptization</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bap`ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Baptism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Their <b>baptizations</b> were null.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Baptize</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bap*tize"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Baptized</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.>/pos> <er>Baptizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>baptiser</ets>, L. <ets>baptizare</ets>, fr.Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. See <er>Baptism</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To administer the sacrament of baptism to.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To christen ( because a name is given to infants at their baptism); to give a name to; to name.</def>

<blockquote>I'll be new <b>baptized</b>;
Henceforth I never will be Romeo.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To sanctify; to consecrate.</def>

<h1>Baptizement</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bap*tize"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of baptizing.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Baptizer</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bap*tiz"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who baptizes.</def>

<h1>Bar</h1>
<Xpage=117>

<hw>Bar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barre</ets>, F. <ets>barre</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>barra</ets>, W. <ets>bar</ets> the branch of a tree, bar, <ets>baren</ets> branch, Gael. & Ir. <ets>barra</ets> bar. <?/ 91.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of wood, metal, or other material, long in proportion to its breadth or thickness, used as a lever and for various other purposes, but especially for a hindrance, obstruction, or fastening; <as>as, the <ex>bars</ex> of a fence or gate; the <ex>bar</ex> of a door.</as></def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt make <b>bars</b> of shittim wood.
<i>Ex. xxvi. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An indefinite quantity of some substance, so shaped as to be long in proportion to its breadth and thickness; <as>as, a <ex>bar</ex> of gold or of lead; a <ex>bar</ex> of soap.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything which obstructs, hinders, or prevents; an obstruction; a barrier.</def>

<blockquote>Must I new <b>bars</b> to my own joy create?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 118  -->

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A bank of sand, gravel, or other matter, esp. at the mouth of a river or harbor, obstructing navigation.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Any railing that divides a room, or office, or hall of assembly, in order to reserve a space for those having special privileges; <as>as, the <ex>bar</ex> of the House of Commons</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The railing that incloses the place which counsel occupy in courts of justice. Hence, the phrase <i>at the bar of the court</i> signifies <i>in open court</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The place in court where prisoners are stationed for arraignment, trial, or sentence.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The whole body of lawyers licensed in a court or district; the legal profession.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A special plea constituting a sufficient answer to plaintiff's action.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Any tribunal; <as>as, the <ex>bar</ex> of public opinion; the <ex>bar</ex> of God.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A barrier or counter, over which liquors and food are passed to customers; hence, the portion of the room behind the counter where liquors for sale are kept.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>An ordinary, like a fess but narrower, occupying only one fifth part of the field.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>A broad shaft, or band, or stripe; <as>as, a <ex>bar</ex> of light; a <ex>bar</ex> of color.</as></def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A vertical line across the staff. Bars divide the staff into spaces which represent measures, and are themselves called <i>measures</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; A <i>double bar</i> marks the end of a strain or main division of a movement, or of a whole piece of music; in psalmody, it marks the end of a line of poetry. The term <i>bar</i> is very often loosely used for <i>measure</i>, i.e., for such length of music, or of silence, as is included between one bar and the next; as, a passage of eight <i>bars</i>; two <i>bars'</i> rest.</note>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The space between the tusks and grinders in the upper jaw of a horse, in which the bit is placed.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The part of the crust of a horse's hoof which is bent inwards towards the frog at the heel on each side, and extends into the center of the sole.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A drilling or tamping rod.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A vein or dike crossing a lode.</def>

<p><b>14.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A gatehouse of a castle or fortified town.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A slender strip of wood which divides and supports the glass of a window; a sash bar.</def>

<cs><col>Bar shoe</col> <fld>(Far.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of horseshoe having a bar across the usual opening at the heel, to protect a tender frog from injury.</cd> -- <col>Bar shot</col>, <cd>a double headed shot, consisting of a bar, with a ball or half ball at each end; -- formerly used for destroying the masts or rigging in naval combat.</cd> -- <col>Bar sinister</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a term popularly but erroneously used for <i>baton<i>, a mark of illegitimacy. See <er>Baton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bar tracery</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>ornamental stonework resembling bars of iron twisted into the forms required.</cd> -- <col>Blank bar</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Blank</er>.</cd> -- <col>Case at bar</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a case presently before the court; a case under argument.</cd> -- <col>In bar of</col>, <cd>as a sufficient reason against; to prevent.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Matter in bar</col>, or <col>Defence in bar</col></mcol>, <cd>a plea which is a final defense in an action.</cd> -- <col>Plea in bar</col>, <cd>a plea which goes to bar or defeat the plaintiff's action absolutely and entirely.</cd> -- <col>Trial at bar</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a trial before all the judges of one the superior courts of Westminster, or before a quorum representing the full court.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bar</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Barred</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Barring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[ F. <ets>barrer</ets>. See <er>Bar</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fasten with a bar; <as>as, to <ex>bar</ex> a door or gate</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To restrict or confine, as if by a bar; to hinder; to obstruct; to prevent; to prohibit; <as>as, to <ex>bar</ex> the entrance of evil; distance <ex>bars</ex> our intercourse; the statute <ex>bars</ex> my right; the right is <ex>barred</ex> by time; a release <ex>bars</ex> the plaintiff's recovery</as>; -- sometimes with <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He barely looked the idea in the face, and hastened to <b>bar</b> it in its dungeon.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To except; to exclude by exception.</def>

<blockquote>Nay, but I <b>bar</b> to-night: you shall not gauge me
By what we do to-night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cross with one or more stripes or lines.</def>

<blockquote>For the sake of distinguishing the feet more clearly, I have
<b>barred</b> them singly.
<i>Burney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barb</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Barb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>barbe</ets>, fr. L. <ets>barba</ets> beard. See <er>Beard</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Beard, or that which resembles it, or grows in the place of it.</def>

<blockquote>The barbel, so called by reason of his <b>barbs</b>, or wattles in his mouth.
<i>Walton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A muffler, worn by nuns and mourners.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Paps, or little projections, of the mucous membrane, which mark the opening of the submaxillary glands under the tongue in horses and cattle. The name is mostly applied when the barbs are inflamed and swollen.</def>  <altsp>[Written also <asp>barbel</asp> and <asp>barble</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The point that stands backward in an arrow, fishhook, etc., to prevent it from being easily extracted. Hence: Anything which stands out with a sharp point obliquely or crosswise to something else.</def> "Having two <i>barbs</i> or points."

<i>Ascham.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A bit for a horse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the side branches of a feather, which collectively constitute the vane. See <er>Feather</er>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A southern name for the kingfishes of the eastern and southeastern coasts of the United States; -- also improperly called <i>whiting</i>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A hair or bristle ending in a double hook.</def>

<h1>Barb</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Barb</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Barbed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Barbing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shave or dress the beard of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To clip; to mow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish with barbs, or with that which will hold or hurt like barbs, as an arrow, fishhook, spear, etc.</def>

<blockquote>But rattling storm of arrows <b>barbed</b> with fire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barb</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Barb</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>barbe</ets>, fr. <ets>Barbarie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The Barbary horse, a superior breed introduces from Barbary into Spain by the Moors.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A blackish or dun variety of the pigeon, originally brought from Barbary.</def>

<h1>Barb</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Barb</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>bard</ets>.]</ety> <def>Armor for a horse. Same as 2d <er>Bard</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</def>

<h1>Barbacan</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ba*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Barbican</er>.</def>

<h1>Barbacanage</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ba*can*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Barbicanage</er>.</def>

<h1>Barbadian</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar*ba"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Barbados.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A native of Barbados.</def></def2>

<h1>Barbados &or; Barbadoes</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw><hw>Bar*ba"dos</hw> &or; <hw>Bar*ba"does</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A West Indian island, giving its name to a disease, to a cherry, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Barbados cherry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of trees of the West Indies (<spn>Malpighia</spn>) with an agreeably acid fruit resembling a cherry.</cd> -- <col>Barbados leg</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a species of elephantiasis incident to hot climates. -- <i>Barbados nuts<i>, the seeds of the <spn>Jatropha curcas</spn>, a plant growing in South America and elsewhere. The seeds and their acrid oil are used in medicine as a purgative. See <er>Physic nut</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barbara</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ba*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Coined by logicians.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The first word in certain mnemonic lines which represent the various forms of the syllogism. It indicates a syllogism whose three propositions are universal affirmatives.</def>

<i>Whately.</i>

<h1>Barbaresque</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar`ba*resque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Barbaric in form or style; <as>as, <ex>barbaresque</ex> architecture</as>.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Barbarian</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar*ba"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Barbarous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A foreigner.</def> <mark>[Historical]</mark>

<blockquote>Therefore if I know not the meaning of the voice, I shall be unto him that speaketh a <b>barbarian</b>, and he that speaketh shall be a <b>barbarian</b> unto me.
<i><?/ Cor. xiv. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A man in a rule, savage, or uncivilized state.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person destitute of culture.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A cruel, savage, brutal man; one destitute of pity or humanity.</def> "Thou fell <i>barbarian</i>."

<i>Philips.</i>

<h1>Barbarian</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar*ba"ri*an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, or pertaining to, or resembling, barbarians; rude; uncivilized; barbarous; <as>as, <ex>barbarian</ex> governments or nations</as>.</def>

<h1>Barbaic</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar*ba"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>barbaricus</ets> foreign, barbaric, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of, or from, barbarian nations; foreign; -- often with reference to barbarous nations of east.</def>  "<i>Barbaric</i> pearl and gold."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to, or resembling, an uncivilized person or people; barbarous; barbarian; destitute of refinement.</def> "Wild, <i>barbaric</i> music."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Barbarism</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ba*rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>barbarismus</ets>, Gr.<ets><?/</ets>; cf. F. <ets>barbarisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An uncivilized state or condition; rudeness of manners; ignorance of arts, learning, and literature; barbarousness.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A barbarous, cruel, or brutal action; an outrage.</def>

<blockquote>A heinous <b>barbarism</b> . . . against the honor of marriage.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An offense against purity of style or language; any form of speech contrary to the pure idioms of a particular language. See <er>Solecism</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The Greeks were the first that branded a foreign term in any
of their writers with the odious name of <b>barbarism</b>.
<i>G. Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barbarity</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar*bar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Barbarities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[From <er>Barbarous</er>.]</ety> <def> The state or manner of a barbarian; lack of civilization.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cruelty; ferociousness; inhumanity.</def>

<blockquote>Treating Christians with a <b>barbarity</b> which would have
shocked the very Moslem.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A barbarous or cruel act.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Barbarism; impurity of speech.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Barbarize</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ba*rize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Barbarized</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Barbarizing</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To become barbarous.</def>

<blockquote>The Roman empire was <b>barbarizing</b> rapidly from the time of
Trajan.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To adopt a foreign or barbarous mode of speech.</def>

<blockquote>The ill habit . . . of wretched <b>barbarizing</b> against the Latin
and Greek idiom, with their untutored Anglicisms.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barbarize</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ba*rize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>barbariser</ets>, LL. <ets>barbarizare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make barbarous.</def>

<blockquote>The hideous changes which have <b>barbarized</b> France.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barbarous</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ba*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>barbarus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, strange, foreign; later, slavish, rude, ignorant; akin to L. <ets>balbus</ets> stammering, Skr. <ets>barbara</ets> stammering, outlandish. Cf. <er>Brave</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being in the state of a barbarian; uncivilized; rude; peopled with barbarians; <as>as, a <ex>barbarous</ex> people; a <ex>barbarous</ex> country.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Foreign; adapted to a barbaric taste.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Barbarous</b> gold.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Cruel; ferocious; inhuman; merciless.</def>

<blockquote>By their <b>barbarous</b> usage he died within a few days, to the grief of all that knew him.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Contrary to the pure idioms of a language.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>barbarous</b> expression
<i>G. Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Uncivilized; unlettered; uncultivated; untutored; ignorant; merciless; brutal. See <er>Ferocious</er>.</syn>

<h1>Barbarously</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ba*rous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a barbarous manner.</def>

<h1>Barbarousness</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ba*rous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being barbarous; barbarity; barbarism.</def>

<h1>Barbary</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ba*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Fr. Ar. <ets>Barbar</ets> the people of Barbary.]</ety> <def>The countries on the north coast of Africa from Egypt to the Atlantic. Hence: A Barbary horse; a barb. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> Also, a kind of pigeon.</def>

<cs><col>Barbary ape</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an ape (<spn>Macacus innus</spn>) of north Africa and Gibraltar Rock, being the only monkey inhabiting Europe. It is very commonly trained by showmen.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barbastel</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ba*stel`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>barbastelle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European bat (<spn>Barbastellus communis</spn>), with hairy lips.</def>

<h1>Barbate</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>barbatus</ets>, fr. <ets>barba</ets> beard. See <er>Barb</er> beard.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearded; beset with long and weak hairs.</def>

<h1>Barbated</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ba*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having barbed points.</def>

<blockquote>A dart uncommonly <b>barbated</b>.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barbecue</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"be*cue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[In the language of Indians of Guiana, a frame on which all kinds of flesh and fish are roasted or smoke-dried.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hog, ox, or other large animal roasted or broiled whole for a feast.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A social entertainment, where many people assemble, usually in the open air, at which one or more large animals are roasted or broiled whole.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A floor, on which coffee beans are sun-dried.</def>

<h1>Barbecue</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"be*cue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Barbecued</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Barbecuing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dry or cure by exposure on a frame or gridiron.</def>

<blockquote>They use little or no salt, but <b>barbecue</b> their game and fish in the smoke.
<i>Stedman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To roast or broil whole, as an ox or hog.</def>

<blockquote>Send me, gods, a whole hog <b>barbecued</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barbed</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Barbed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 4th <er>Bare</er>.]</ety> <def>Accoutered with defensive armor; -- said of a horse. See <er>Barded</er> ( which is the proper form.)</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Barbed</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Barbed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with a barb or barbs; <as>as, a <ex>barbed</ex> arrow; <ex>barbed</ex> wire.</as></def>

<cs><col>Barbed wire</col>, <cd>a wire, or a strand of twisted wires, armed with barbs or sharp points. It is used for fences.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barbel</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"bel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[OE. <ets>barbel</ets>, F. <ets>barbeau</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>barbus</ets> barbel, fr. <ets>barba</ets> beard. See 1st <er>Barb</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A slender tactile organ on the lips of certain fished.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large fresh-water fish ( <i>Barbus vulgaris</i>) found in many European rivers. Its upper jaw is furnished with four barbels.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Barbs or paps under the tongued of horses and cattle. See 1st <er>Barb</er>, 3.</def>

<h1>Barbellate</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"bel*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Barb</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having short, stiff hairs, often barbed at the point.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Barbellulate</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar*bel"lu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Barbellate with diminutive hairs or barbs.</def>

<h1>Barber</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barbour</ets>, OF. <ets>barbeor</ets>, F. <ets>barbier</ets>, as if fr. an assumed L. <ets>barbator</ets>, fr. <ets>barba</ets> beard. See 1st <er>Barb</er>.]</ety> <def>One whose occupation it is to shave or trim the beard, and to cut and dress the hair of his patrons.</def>

<cs><col>Barber's itch</col>. <cd>See under <er>Itch</er>.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; Formerly the barber practiced some offices of surgery, such as letting blood and pulling teeth. Hence such terms as <i>barber surgeon</i> ( old form <i>barber chirurgeon</i>), <i>barber surgery</i>, etc.</note>

<h1>Barber</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ber</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Barbered</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Barbering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To shave and dress the beard or hair of.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Barber fish</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ber fish</hw>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Surgeon fish</er>.</def>

<h1>Barbermonger</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ber*mon`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Barberry</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barbarin</ets>, <ets>barbere</ets>, OF. <ets>berbere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shrub of the genus <spn>Berberis</spn>, common along roadsides and in neglected fields. <spn>B. vulgaris</spn> is the species best known; its oblong red berries are made into a preserve or sauce, and have been deemed efficacious in fluxes and fevers. The bark dyes a fine yellow, esp. the bark of the root.</def> <altsp>[Also spelt <asp>berberry</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Barbet</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"bet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>barbet</ets>, fr.<ets>barbe</ets> beard, long hair of certain animals. See <er>Barb</er> beard.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A variety of small dog, having long curly hair.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A bird of the family <spn>Bucconid\'91</spn>, allied to the Cuckoos, having a large, conical beak swollen at the base, and bearded with five bunches of stiff bristles; the puff bird. It inhabits tropical America and Africa.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A larva that feeds on aphides.</def>

<h1>Barbette</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar*bette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. Cf. <er>Barbet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A mound of earth or a platform in a fortification, on which guns are mounted to fire over the parapet.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>En barbette</col>, <col>In barbette</col></mcol>, <cd>said of guns when they are elevated so as to fire over the top of a parapet, and not through embrasures.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Barbette gun</col>, or <col>Barbette battery</col></mcol>, <cd>a single gun, or a number of guns, mounted <i>in barbette<i>, or partially protected by a parapet or turret.</cd> -- <col>Barbette carriage</col>, <cd>a gun carriage which elevates guns sufficiently to be <i>in barbette<i>. [See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Casemate</er>.]</cd></cs>

<h1>Barbican, Barbacan</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw><hw>Bar"bi*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bar"ba*can</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barbican</ets>, <ets>barbecan</ets>, F. <ets>barbacane</ets>, LL. <ets>barbacana</ets>, <ets>barbicana</ets>, of uncertain origin: cf. Ar. <ets>barbakh</ets> aqueduct, sewer. F. <ets>barbacane</ets> also means, an opening to let out water, loophole.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>( <i>Fort</i>.) A tower or advanced work defending the entrance to a castle or city, as at a gate or bridge. It was often large and strong, having a ditch and drawbridge of its own.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An opening in the wall of a fortress, through which missiles were discharged upon an enemy.</def>

<h1>Barbicanage, Barbacanage</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw><hw>Bar"bi*can*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bar"ba*can*age</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>barbicanagium</ets>. See <er>Barbican</er>.]</ety> <def>Money paid for the support of a barbican.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Barbicel</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"bi*cel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>barbicella</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>barba</ets>. See 1st <er>Barb</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the small hooklike processes on the barbules of feathers.</def>

<h1>Barbiers</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"biers</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A variety of paralysis, peculiar to India and the Malabar coast; -- considered by many to be the same as <i>beriberi</i> in chronic form.</def>

<h1>Barbigerous</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar*big"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>barba</ets> a beard + <ets>gerous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a beard; bearded; hairy.</def>

<h1>Barbiton</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar"bi*ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An ancient Greek instrument resembling a lyre.</def>

<h1>Barbituric acid</h1>
<Xpage=118>

<hw>Bar`bi*tu"ric ac"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline substance, <?/, derived from alloxantin, also from malonic acid and urea, and regarded as a substituted urea.</def>

<-- p. 119  -->

<h1>Barble</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bar"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Barbel</er>.</def>

<h1>Barbotine</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bar"bo*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A paste of clay used in decorating coarse pottery in relief.</def>

<h1>Barbre</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bar"bre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Barbarian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Barbule</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bar"bule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>barbula</ets>, fr. <ets>barba</ets> beard.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A very minute barb or beard.</def>

<i>Booth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the processes along the edges of the barbs of a feather, by which adjacent barbs interlock. See <er>Feather</er>.</def>

<h1>Barcarolle</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bar"ca*rolle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>barcarolle</ets>, fr. It. <ets>barcaruola</ets>, fr. <ets>barca</ets> bark, barge.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A popular song or melody sung by Venetian gondoliers.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A piece of music composed in imitation of such a song.</def>

<h1>Barcon</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bar"con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>barcone</ets>, fr. <ets>barca</ets> a bark.]</ety> <def>A vessel for freight; -- used in Mediterranean.</def>

<h1>Bard</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets>bardd</ets>, Arm. <ets>barz</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>bard</ets>, and F. <ets>barde</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A professional poet and singer, as among the ancient Celts, whose occupation was to compose and sing verses in honor of the heroic achievements of princes and brave men.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A poet; <as>as, the <ex>bard</ex> of Avon</as>.</def>

<h1>Bard, Barde</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw><hw>Bard</hw>, <hw>Barde</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>barde</ets>, of doubtful origin.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of defensive (or, sometimes, ornamental) armor for a horse's neck, breast, and flanks; a barb. [Often in the <tt>pl.</tt>]</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Defensive armor formerly worn by a man at arms.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A thin slice of fat bacon used to cover any meat or game.</def>

<h1>Bard</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bard</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>To cover (meat or game) with a thin slice of fat bacon.</def>

<h1>Barded</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bard"ed</hw>, <tt>p.a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bard</er> horse armor.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Accoutered with defensive armor; -- said of a horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Wearing rich caparisons.</def>

<blockquote>Fifteen hundred men . . . <b>barded</b> and richly trapped.
<i>Stow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bardic</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bard"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to bards, or their poetry.</def>

"The <b>bardic</b> lays of ancient Greece."
<i>G. P. Marsh.</i>

<h1>Bardish</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bard"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or written by, a bard or bards.</def> "<i>Bardish</i> impostures."

<i>Selden.</i>

<h1>Bardism</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bard"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The system of bards; the learning and maxims of bards.</def>

<h1>Bardling</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bard"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inferior bard.</def>

<i>J. Cunningham.</i>

<h1>Bardship</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bard"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a bard.</def>

<h1>Bare</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bare</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bar</ets>, <ets>bare</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'91r</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>baar</ets>, OHG. <ets>par</ets>, Icel. <ets>berr</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>bar</ets>, OSlav. <ets>bos<?/</ets> barefoot, Lith. <ets>basas</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>bh\'bes</ets> to shine <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Without clothes or covering; stripped of the usual covering; naked; <as>as, his body is <ex>bare</ex>; the trees are <ex>bare</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With head uncovered; bareheaded.</def>

<blockquote>When once thy foot enters the church, be <b>bare</b>.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Without anything to cover up or conceal one's thoughts or actions; open to view; exposed.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bare</b> in thy guilt, how foul must thou appear !
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Plain; simple; unadorned; without polish; bald; meager.</def> "Uttering <i>bare</i> truth."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Destitute; indigent; empty; unfurnished or scantily furnished; -- used with <i>of</i>  (rarely with <i>in</i>) before the thing wanting or taken away; <as>as, a room <ex>bare</ex> of furniture</as>.</def>  "A <i>bare</i> treasury."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Threadbare; much worn.</def>

<blockquote>It appears by their <b>bare</b> liveries that they live by your bare words.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Mere; alone; unaccompanied by anything else; <as>as, a <ex>bare</ex> majority</as>.</def> "The <i>bare</i> necessaries of life."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>Nor are men prevailed upon by <b>bare</b> of naked truth.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Under bare poles</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>having no sail set.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bare</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bare</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Surface; body; substance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>You have touched the very <b>bare</b> of naked truth.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>That part of a roofing slate, shingle, tile, or metal plate, which is exposed to the weather.</def>

<h1>Bare</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bare</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bared</er>(<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Baring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>barian</ets>. See <er>Bare</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To strip off the covering of; to make bare; <as>as, to <ex>bare</ex> the breast</as>.</def>

<h1>Bare</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bare</hw>. <def>Bore; the old preterit of <er>Bear</er>, <tt>v.</tt></def>

<h1>Bareback</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bare"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>On the bare back of a horse, without using a saddle; <as>as, to ride <ex>bareback</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Barebacked</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bare"backed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the back uncovered; <as>as, a <ex>barebacked</ex> horse</as>.</def>

<h1>Barebone</h1>
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<hw>Bare"bone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A very lean person; one whose bones show through the skin.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Barefaced</h1>
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<hw>Bare"faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With the face uncovered; not masked.</def> "You will play <i>barefaced</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without concealment; undisguised. Hence: Shameless; audacious.</def> "<i>Barefaced</i> treason."

<i>J. Baillie.</i>

<h1>Barefacedly</h1>
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<hw>Bare"faced`ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Openly; shamelessly.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Barefacedness</h1>
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<hw>Bare"faced`ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being barefaced; shamelessness; assurance; audaciousness.</def>

<h1>Barefoot</h1>
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<hw>Bare"foot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>With the feet bare; without shoes or stockings.</def>

<h1>Barefooted</h1>
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<hw>Bare"foot`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the feet bare.</def>

<h1>Bar\'82ge</h1>
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<hw>Ba*r\'82ge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bar\'82ge</ets>, so called from <ets>Bar\'82ges</ets>, a town in the Pyrenees.]</ety> <def>A gauzelike fabric for ladies' dresses, veils, etc. of worsted, silk and worsted, or cotton and worsted.</def>

<h1>Barehanded</h1>
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<hw>Bare"hand`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Having bare hands.</def>

<h1>Bareheaded, Barehead</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bare"head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bare"head</hw><hw>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Having the head uncovered; <as>as, a <ex>bareheaded</ex> girl</as>.</def>

<h1>Barelegged</h1>
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<hw>Bare"legged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the legs bare.</def>

<h1>Barely</h1>
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<hw>Bare"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without covering; nakedly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without concealment or disguise.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Merely; only.</def>

<blockquote><b>R</b>. For now his son is duke.
<b>W</b>. <b>Barely</b> in title, not in revenue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>But just; without any excess; with nothing to spare ( of quantity, time, etc.); hence, scarcely; hardly; <as>as, there was <ex>barely</ex> enough for all; he <ex>barely</ex> escaped.</as></def>

<h1>Barenecked</h1>
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<hw>Bare"necked`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the neck bare.</def>

<h1>Bareness</h1>
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<hw>Bare"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being bare.</def>

<h1>Baresark</h1>
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<hw>Bare"sark</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Literally, <ets>bare sark</ets> or <ets>shirt</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Berserker, or Norse warrior who fought without armor, or shirt of mail. Hence, adverbially: Without shirt of mail or armor.</def>

<h1>Barfish</h1>
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<hw>Bar"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Calico bass</er>.</def>

<h1>Barful</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of obstructions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bargain</h1>
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<hw>Bar"gain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bargayn</ets>, <ets>bargany</ets>, OF. <ets>bargaigne</ets>, <ets>bargagne</ets>, prob. from a supposed LL. <ets>barcaneum</ets>, fr. <ets>barca</ets> a boat which carries merchandise to the shore; hence, to traffic to and fro, to carry on commerce in general. See <er>Bark</er> a vessel. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An agreement between parties concerning the sale of property; or a contract by which one party binds himself to transfer the right to some property for a consideration, and the other party binds himself to receive the property and pay the consideration.</def>

<blockquote>A contract is a <b>bargain</b> that is legally binding.
<i>Wharton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An agreement or stipulation; mutual pledge.</def>

<blockquote>And whon your honors mean to solemnize
The <b>bargain</b> of your faith.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A purchase; also ( when not qualified), a gainful transaction; an advantageous purchase; <as>as, to buy a thing at a <ex>bargain</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The thing stipulated or purchased; also, anything bought cheap.</def>

<blockquote>She was too fond of her most filthy <b>bargain</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bargain and sale</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a species of conveyance, by which the bargainor contracts to convey the lands to the bargainee, and becomes by such contract a trustee for and seized to the use of the bargainee. The statute then completes the purchase; <i>i<i>.<i>e<i>., the bargain vests the use, and the statute vests the possession. <i>Blackstone<i>.</cd> -- <col>Into the bargain</col>, <cd>over and above what is stipulated; besides.</cd> -- <col>To sell bargains</col>, <cd>to make saucy ( usually indelicate) repartees. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Swift</i>.</cd> -- <col>To strike a bargain</col>, <cd>to reach or ratify an agreement. "A bargain was <i>struck<i>." <i>Macaulay</i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Contract; stipulation; purchase; engagement.</syn>

<h1>Bargain</h1>
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<hw>Bar"gain</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barganien</ets>, OF. <ets>bargaigner</ets>, F. <ets>barguigner</ets>, to hesitate, fr. LL. <ets>barcaniare</ets>. See <er>Bargain</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To make a bargain; to make a contract for the exchange of property or services; -- followed by <i>with</i> and <i>for</i>; <as>as, to <ex>bargain</ex> with a farmer for a cow</as>.</def>

<blockquote>So worthless peasants <b>bargain</b> for their wives.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bargain</h1>
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<hw>Bar"gain</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bargained</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bargaining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To transfer for a consideration; to barter; to trade; <as>as, to <ex>bargain</ex> one horse for another</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To bargain away</col>, <cd>to dispose of in a bargain; -- usually with a sense of loss or disadvantage; as, to <i>bargain away<i> one's birthright. "The heir . . . had somehow <i>bargained away<i> the estate."</cd></cs>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Barfainee</h1>
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<hw>Bar`fain*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bargaign\'82</ets>, p.p. See <er>Bargain</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The party to a contract who receives, or agrees to receive, the property sold.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Bargainer</h1>
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<hw>Bar"gain*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes a bargain; -- sometimes in the sense of <i>bargainor</i>.</def>

<h1>Bargainor</h1>
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<hw>Bar`gain*or"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who makes a bargain, or contracts with another; esp., one who sells, or contracts to sell, property to another.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Barge</h1>
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<hw>Barge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>barge</ets>, F. <ets>berge</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>barca</ets>, for <ets>barica</ets> (not found), prob. fr. L. <ets>baris</ets> an Egyptian rowboat, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, prob. fr. Egyptian: cf. Coptic <ets>bari</ets> a boat. Cf. <er>Bark</er> a vessel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pleasure boat; a vessel or boat of state, elegantly furnished and decorated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A large, roomy boat for the conveyance of passengers or goods; <as>as, a ship's <ex>barge</ex>; a charcoal <ex>barge</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A large boat used by flag officers.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A double-decked passenger or freight vessel, towed by a steamboat.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A large omnibus used for excursions.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Bargeboard</h1>
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<hw>Barge"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. corrup. of <ets>vergeboard</ets>; or cf. LL. <ets>bargus</ets> a kind of gallows.]</ety> <def>A vergeboard.</def>

<h1>Bargecourse</h1>
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<hw>Barge"course`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bargeboard</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A part of the tiling which projects beyond the principal rafters, in buildings where there is a gable.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Bargee</h1>
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<hw>Bar*gee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bargeman.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Bargeman</h1>
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<hw>Barge"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The man who manages a barge, or one of the crew of a barge.</def>

<h1>Bargemastter</h1>
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<hw>Barge"mast`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The proprietor or manager of a barge, or one of the crew of a barge.</def>

<h1>Barger</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The manager of a barge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Barghest</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ghest`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. G. <ets>berg</ets> mountain + <ets>geist</ets> demon, or <ets>b\'84r</ets> a bear + <ets>geist</ets>.]</ety> <def>A goblin, in the shape of a large dog, portending misfortune.</def>  <altsp>[Also written <asp>barguest</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Baria</h1>
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<hw>Ba"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Barium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Baryta.</def>

<h1>Baric</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to barium; <as>as, <ex>baric</ex> oxide</as>.</def>

<h1>Baric</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> weight.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to weight, esp. to the weight or pressure of the atmosphere as measured by the barometer.</def>

<h1>Barilla</h1>
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<hw>Ba*ril"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>barrilla</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several species of Salsola from which soda is made, by burning the barilla in heaps and lixiviating the ashes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The alkali produced from the plant, being an impure carbonate of soda, used for making soap, glass, etc., and for bleaching purposes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Impure soda obtained from the ashes of any seashore plant, or kelp.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<cs><col>Copper barilla</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>native copper in granular form mixed with sand, an ore brought from Bolivia; -- called also <altname>Barilla de cobre</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barillet</h1>
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<hw>Bar"il*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>baril</ets> barrel.]</ety> <def>A little cask, or something resembling one.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Bar iron</h1>
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<hw>Bar" i`ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Iron</er>.</def>

<h1>Barite</h1>
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<hw>Ba"rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native sulphate of barium, a mineral occurring in transparent, colorless, white to yellow crystals (generally tabular), also in granular form, and in compact massive forms resembling marble. It has a high specific gravity, and hence is often called <altname>heavy spar</altname>. It is a common mineral in metallic veins.</def>

<h1>Baritone</h1>
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<hw>Bar"i*tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Barytone</er>.</def>

<h1>Barium</h1>
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<hw>Ba"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><grk>bary`s</grk></ets> heavy.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the elements, belonging to the alkaline earth group; a metal having a silver-white color, and melting at a very high temperature. It is difficult to obtain the pure metal, from the facility with which it becomes oxidized in the air. Atomic weight, 137.  Symbol, Ba. Its oxide called <i>baryta</i>.</def>  <altsp>[Rarely written <asp>barytum</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; Some of the compounds of this element are remarkable for their high specific gravity, as the sulphate, called <i>heavy spar</i>, and the like. The oxide was called <i>barote</i>, by Guyton de Morveau, which name was changed by Lavoisier to <i>baryta</i>, whence the name of the metal.</note>

<h1>Bard</h1>
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<hw>Bard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to Dan. & Sw. <ets>bark</ets>, Icel. <ets>b\'94rkr</ets>, LG. & HG. <ets>borke</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree; the rind.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, Peruvian bark.</def>

<cs><col>Bark bed</col>. <cd>See <er>Bark stove</er> (below).</cd> -- <col>Bark pit</col>, <cd>a pit filled with bark and water, in which hides are steeped in tanning.</cd> -- <col>Bark stove</col> <fld>(Hort.)</fld>, <cd>a glazed structure for keeping tropical plants, having a bed of tanner's bark (called a <i>bark bed<i>)  or other fermentable matter which produces a moist heat.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bark</h1>
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<hw>Bark</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Barked</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Barking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strip the bark from; to peel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To abrade or rub off any outer covering from; as to <i>bark</i> one's heel.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To girdle. See <er>Girdle</er>, <i>v. t.</i>, 3.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark; <as>as, to <ex>bark</ex> the roof of a hut</as>.</def>

<h1>Bark</h1>
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<hw>Bark</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>berken</ets>, AS. <ets>beorcan</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>berkja</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>break</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a short, loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs; -- said of some animals, but especially of dogs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a clamor; to make importunate outcries.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>bark</b>, and say the Scripture maketh heretics.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where there is the <b>barking</b> of the belly, there no other commands will be heard, much less obeyed.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bark</h1>
<Xpage=119>

<hw>Bark</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The short, loud, explosive sound uttered by a dog; a similar sound made by some other animals.</def>

<h1>Bark, Barque</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bark</hw>, <hw>Barque</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>barque</ets>, fr. Sp. or It. <ets>barca</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>barca</ets> for <ets>barica</ets>. See <er>Barge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Formerly, any small sailing vessel, as a pinnace, fishing smack, etc.; also, a rowing boat; a barge. Now applied poetically to a sailing vessel or boat of any kind.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A three-masted vessel, having her foremast and mainmast squarerigged, and her mizzenmast schooner-rigged.</def>

<h1>Barkantine</h1>
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<hw>Bark"an*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Barkentine</er>.</def>

<h1>Bark beetle</h1>
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<hw>Bark" bee`tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small beetle of many species (family <spn>Scolytid\'91</spn>), which in the larval state bores under or in the bark of trees, often doing great damage.</def>

<h1>Barkbound</h1>
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<hw>Bark"bound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Prevented from growing, by having the bark too firm or close.</def>

<h1>Barkeeper</h1>
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<hw>Bar"keep`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who keeps or tends a bar for the sale of liquors.</def>

<h1>Barken</h1>
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<hw>Bark"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of bark.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Whittier.</i>

<h1>Barkentine</h1>
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<hw>Bark"en*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bark</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, a vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A threemasted vessel, having the foremast square-rigged, and the others schooner-rigged. <altsp>[Spelled also <asp>barquentine</asp>, <asp>barkantine</asp>, etc.]</altsp> See <i>Illust</i>. in Append.</def>

<h1>Barker</h1>
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<hw>Bark"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An animal that barks; hence, any one who clamors unreasonably.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who stands at the doors of shops to urg<?/ passers by to make purchases.</def> <mark>[Cant, Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pistol.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The spotted redshank.</def>

<h1>Barker</h1>
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<hw>Bark"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who strips trees of their bark.</def>

<h1>Barker's mill</h1>
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<hw>Bark"er's mill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From Dr. <ets>Barker</ets>, the inventor.]</ety> <def>A machine, invented in the 17th century, worked by a form of reaction wheel. The water flows into a vertical tube and gushes from apertures in hollow horizontal arms, causing the machine to revolve on its axis.</def>

<h1>Barkery</h1>
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<hw>Bark"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tanhouse.</def>

<h1>Barking irons</h1>
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<hw>Bark"ing i`rons</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>Instruments used in taking off the bark of trees.</def>

<i>Gardner.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pair of pistols.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Barkless</h1>
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<hw>Bark"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of bark.</def>

<h1>Bark louse</h1>
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<hw>Bark" louse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect of the family <spn>Coccid\'91</spn>, which infests the bark of trees and vines.</def>

<note>&hand; The wingless females assume the shape of scales. The bark louse of vine is <spn>Pulvinaria innumerabilis</spn>; that of the pear is <spn>Lecanium pyri</spn>. See <er>Orange scale</er>.</note>

<h1>Barky</h1>
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<hw>Bark"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with, or containing, bark.</def> "The <i>barky</i> fingers of the elm."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Barley</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barli</ets>, <ets>barlich</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'91rlic</ets>; <ets>bere</ets> barley + <ets>l\'c6c</ets> (which is prob. the same as E. <ets>like</ets>, adj., or perh. a form of AS. <ets>le\'bec</ets> leek). AS. <ets>bere</ets> is akin to Icel, <ets>barr</ets> barley, Goth. <ets>barizeins</ets> made of barley, L. <ets>far</ets> spelt; cf. W. <ets>barlys</ets> barley, <ets>bara</ets> bread. <?/92. Cf. <er>Farina</er>, 6th <er>Bear</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A valuable grain, of the family of grasses, genus <i>Hordeum</i>, used for food, and for making malt, from which are prepared beer, ale, and whisky.</def>

<-- p. 120  -->

<cs><col>Barley bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the siskin.</cd> -- <col>Barley sugar</col>, <cd>sugar boiled till it is brittle (formerly with a decoction of barley) and candied.</cd> -- <col>Barley water</col>, <cd>a decoction of barley, used in medicine, as a nutritive and demulcent.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barleybrake Barleybreak</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw><hw>Bar"ley*brake` Bar"ley*break`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An ancient rural game, commonly played round stacks of barley, or other grain, in which some of the party attempt to catch others who run from a goal.</def>

<h1>Barley-bree</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ley-bree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Lit. barley broth. See <er>Brew</er>.]</ety> <def>Liquor made from barley; strong ale.</def> <mark>[Humorous]</mark> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Barleycorn</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ley*corn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Corn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A grain or "corn" of barley.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formerly , a measure of length, equal to the average length of a grain of barley; the third part of an inch.</def>

<cs><col>John Barleycorn</col>, <cd>a humorous personification of barley as the source of malt liquor or whisky.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barm</h1>
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<hw>Barm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>berme</ets>, AS. <ets>beorma</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>b\'84rma</ets>, G. <ets>b\'84rme</ets>, and prob. L. <ets>fermenium</ets>. \'fb93.]</ety> <def>Foam rising upon beer, or other malt liquors, when fermenting, and used as leaven in making bread and in brewing; yeast.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Barm</h1>
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<hw>Barm</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bearm</ets>, <ets>berm</ets>, <ets>barm</ets>, AS. <ets>beorma</ets>; akin to E. <ets>bear</ets> to support.]</ety> <def>The lap or bosom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Barmaid</h1>
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<hw>Bar"maid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A girl or woman who attends the customers of a bar, as in a tavern or beershop.</def>

<blockquote>A bouncing <b>barmaid</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barmaster</h1>
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<hw>Bar"mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Berg</ets> + <ets>master</ets>: cf. G. <ets>Bergmeister</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formerly, a local judge among miners; now, an officer of the barmote.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Barmcloth</h1>
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<hw>Barm"cloth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Apron.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Barmecidal</h1>
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<hw>Bar"me*ci`dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Barmecide</er>.]</ety> <def>Unreal; illusory.</def> "A sort of <i>Barmecidal</i> feast."

<i>Hood.</i>

<h1>Barmecide</h1>
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<hw>Bar"me*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A prince of the <ets>Barmecide</ets> family, who, as related in the  "Arabian Nights' Tales", pretended to set before the hungry Shacabac food, on which the latter pretended to feast.]</ety> <def>One who proffers some illusory advantage or benefit. Also used as an <i>adj</i>.: Barmecidal.</def> "A <i>Barmecide</i> feast."

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Barmote</h1>
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<hw>Bar"mote`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Barg</ets> + <ets>mote</ets> meeting.]</ety> <def>A court held in Derbyshire, in England, for deciding controversies between miners.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Balmy</h1>
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<hw>Balm"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of barm or froth; in a ferment.</def> "<i>Barmy</i> beer."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Barn</h1>
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<hw>Barn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bern</ets>, AS. <ets>berern</ets>, <ets>bern</ets>; <ets>bere</ets> barley + <ets>ern</ets>, <ets>\'91rn</ets>, a close place. <?/92. See <er>Barley</er>.]</ety> <def>A covered building used chiefly for storing grain, hay, and other productions of a farm. In the United States a part of the barn is often used for stables.</def>

<cs><col>Barn owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an owl of Europe and America (<spn>Aluco flammeus</spn>, or <spn>Strix flammea</spn>), which frequents barns and other buildings.</cd> -- <col>Barn swallow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American swallow (<spn>Hirundo horreorum</spn>), which attaches its nest of mud to the beams and rafters of barns.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barn</h1>
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<hw>Barn</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lay up in a barn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Men . . . often <b>barn</b> up the chaff, and burn up the grain.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barn</h1>
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<hw>Barn</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A child. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Bairn</er>.</def>

<h1>Barnabite</h1>
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<hw>Bar"na*bite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A member of a religious order, named from St. Barnabas.</def>

<h1>Barnacle</h1>
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<hw>Bar"na*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from E. <ets>barnacle</ets> a kind of goose, which was popularly supposed to grow from this shellfish; but perh. from LL. <ets>bernacula</ets> for <ets>pernacula</ets>, dim. of <ets>perna</ets> ham, sea mussel; cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> ham Cf. F. <ets>bernacle</ets>, <ets>barnacle</ets>, E. <ets>barnacle</ets> a goose; and Ir. <ets>bairneach</ets>, <ets>barneach</ets>, limpet.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any cirriped crustacean adhering to rocks, floating timber, ships, etc., esp. <sd>(a)</sd> the sessile species (genus <i>Balanus</i> and allies), and <sd>(b)</sd> the stalked or goose barnacles (genus <i>Lepas</i> and allies). See <er>Cirripedia</er>, and <er>Goose barnacle</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Barnacle eater</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the orange filefish.</cd> -- <col>Barnacle scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bark louse (<spn>Ceroplastes cirripediformis</spn>) of the orange and quince trees in Florida. The female scale curiously resembles a sessile barnacle in form.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barnacle</h1>
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<hw>Bar"na*cle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bernicle</er>.]</ety> <def>A bernicle goose.</def>

<h1>Barnacle</h1>
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<hw>Bar"na*cle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bernak</ets>, <ets>bernacle</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>bernac</ets>, and Prov. F. (Berri) <ets>berniques</ets>, spectacles.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An instrument for pinching a horse's nose, and thus restraining him.</def> <note>[Formerly used in the <tt>sing.</tt>]</note>

<blockquote>The <b>barnacles</b> . . . give pain almost equal to that of the
switch.
<i>Youatt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Spectacles; -- so called from their resemblance to the barnacles used by farriers.</def> <mark>[Cant, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Barnyard</h1>
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<hw>Barn"yard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A yard belonging to a barn.</def>

<h1>Barocco</h1>
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<hw>Ba*roc"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Baroque</er>.</def>

<h1>Barograph</h1>
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<hw>Bar"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<ets><?/</ets> weight + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>An instrument for recording automatically the variations of atmospheric pressure.</def>

<h1>Baroko</h1>
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<hw>Ba*ro"ko</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A mnemonic word.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A form or mode of syllogism of which the first proposition is a universal affirmative, and the other two are particular negative.</def>

<h1>Barology</h1>
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<hw>Ba*rol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> weight + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of weight or gravity.</def>

<h1>Baromacrometer</h1>
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<hw>Bar`o*ma*crom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> weight + <ets><?/</ets> long + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument for ascertaining the weight and length of a newborn infant.</def>

<h1>Barometer</h1>
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<hw>Ba*rom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> weight + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>barom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere, and hence for judging of the probable changes of weather, or for ascertaining the height of any ascent.</def>

<note>&hand; The barometer was invented by Torricelli at Florence about 1643. It is made in its simplest form by filling a graduated glass tube about 34 inches long with mercury and inverting it in a cup containing mercury. The column of mercury in the tube descends until balanced by the weight of the atmosphere, and its rise or fall under varying conditions is a measure of the change in the atmospheric pressure. At the sea level its ordinary height is about 30 inches (760 millimeters). See <er>Sympiesometer</er>.</note>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<cs><col>Aneroid barometer</col>. <cd>See <i>Aneroid barometer<i>, under <er>Aneroid</er>.</cd> -- <col>Marine barometer</col>, <cd>a barometer with tube contracted at bottom to prevent rapid oscillations of the mercury, and suspended in gimbals from an arm or support on shipboard.</cd> -- <col>Mountain barometer</col>, <cd>a portable mercurial barometer with tripod support, and long scale, for measuring heights.</cd> -- <col>Siphon barometer</col>, <cd>a barometer having a tube bent like a hook with the longer leg closed at the top. The height of the mercury in the longer leg shows the pressure of the atmosphere.</cd> -- <col>Wheel barometer</col>, <cd>a barometer with recurved tube, and a float, from which a cord passes over a pulley and moves an index.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barometric, Barometrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bar`o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bar`o*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the barometer; made or indicated by a barometer; <as>as, <ex>barometric</ex> changes; <ex>barometrical</ex> observations.</as></def>

<h1>Barometrically</h1>
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<hw>Bar`o*met"ric*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By means of a barometer, or according to barometric observations.</def>

<h1>Barometrograph</h1>
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<hw>Bar`o*met"ro*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> weight + <ets><?/</ets> measure + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A form of barometer so constructed as to inscribe of itself upon paper a record of the variations of atmospheric pressure.</def>

<h1>Barometry</h1>
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<hw>Ba*rom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or process of making barometrical measurements.</def>

<h1>Barometz</h1>
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<hw>Bar"o*metz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Russ. <ets>baranets'</ets> clubmoss.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The woolly-skinned rhizoma or rootstock of a fern (<spn>Dicksonia barometz</spn>), which, when specially prepared and inverted, somewhat resembles a lamb; -- called also <altname>Scythian lamb</altname>.</def>

<h1>Baron</h1>
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<hw>Bar"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>baron</ets>, <ets>barun</ets>, OF. <ets>baron</ets>, accus. of <ets>ber</ets>, F. <ets>baron</ets>, prob. fr. OHG. <ets>baro</ets> (not found) bearer, akin to E. <ets>bear</ets> to support; cf. O. Frisian <ets>bere</ets>, LL. <ets>baro</ets>, It. <ets>barone</ets>, Sp. <ets>varon</ets>. From the meaning <ets>bearer</ets> (of burdens) seem to have come the senses <ets>strong man</ets>, <ets>man</ets> (in distinction from woman), which is the oldest meaning in French, and lastly, <ets>nobleman</ets>. Cf. L. <ets>baro</ets>, simpleton. See <er>Bear</er> to support.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A title or degree of nobility; originally, the possessor of a fief, who had feudal tenants under him; in modern times, in France and Germany, a nobleman next in rank below a count; in England, a nobleman of the lowest grade in the House of Lords, being next below a viscount.</def>

<note>&hand; "The tenants in chief from the Crown, who held lands of the annual value of four hundred pounds, were styled <i>Barons</i>; and it is to them, and not to the members of the lowest grade of the nobility (to whom the title at the present time belongs), that reference is made when we read of the Barons of the early days of England's history . . . . Barons are addressed as 'My Lord,' and are styled 'Right Honorable.' All their sons and daughters 'Honorable.'"</note>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>A husband; <as>as, <ex>baron</ex> and <ex>feme</ex>, husband and wife</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<cs><col>Baron of beef</col>, <cd>two sirloins not cut asunder at the backbone.</cd> -- <col>Barons of the Cinque Ports</col>, <cd>formerly members of the House of Commons, elected by the seven Cinque Ports, two for each port.</cd> -- <col>Baron of the exchequer</col>, <cd>the judges of the Court of Exchequer, one of the three ancient courts of England, now abolished.</cd></cs>

<h1>Baronage</h1>
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<hw>Bar"on*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barnage</ets>, <ets>baronage</ets>, OF.<ets>barnage</ets>, F. <ets>baronnage</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>baronagium</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The whole body of barons or peers.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>baronage</b> of the kingdom.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The dignity or rank of a baron.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The land which gives title to a baron.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Baroness</h1>
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<hw>Bar"on*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A baron's wife; also, a lady who holds the baronial title in her own right; <as>as, the <ex>Baroness</ex> Burdett-Coutts</as>.</def>

<h1>Baronet</h1>
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<hw>Bar"on*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Baron</ets> + <ets>-et</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dignity or degree of honor next below a baron and above a knight, having precedency of all orders of knights except those of the Garter. It is the lowest degree of honor that is hereditary. The baronets are commoners.</def>

<note>&hand; The order was founded by James I. in 1611, and is given by patent. The word, however, in the sense of a <i>lesser</i> baron, was in use long before. "Baronets have the title of 'Sir' prefixed to their Christian names; their surnames being followed by their dignity, usually abbreviated <i>Bart</i>. Their wives are addressed as 'Lady' or 'Madam'. Their sons are possessed of no title beyond 'Esquire.'"</note>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<h1>Baronetage</h1>
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<hw>Bar"on*et*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>State or rank of a baronet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The collective body of baronets.</def>

<h1>Baronetcy</h1>
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<hw>Bar"on*et*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The rank or patent of a baronet.</def>

<h1>Baronial</h1>
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<hw>Ba*ro"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a baron or a barony.</def> "<i>Baronial</i> tenure."

<i>Hallam.</i>

<h1>Barony</h1>
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<hw>Bar"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Baronies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[OF. <ets>baronie</ets>, F. <ets>baronnie</ets>, LL. <ets>baronia</ets>. See <er>Baron</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fee or domain of a baron; the lordship, dignity, or rank of a baron.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In Ireland, a territorial division, corresponding nearly to the English <i>hundred</i>, and supposed to have been originally the district of a native chief. There are 252  of these baronies. In Scotland, an extensive freehold. It may be held by a commoner.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Baroque</h1>
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<hw>Ba*roque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.; cf. It. <ets>barocco</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>In bad taste; grotesque; odd.</def>

<h1>Baroscope</h1>
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<hw>Bar"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> weight + <ets>-scope</ets>:  cf. F. <ets>baroscope</ets>.]</ety> <def>Any instrument showing the changes in the weight of the atmosphere; also, less appropriately, any instrument that indicates -or foreshadows changes of the weather, as a deep vial of liquid holding in suspension some substance which rises and falls with atmospheric changes.</def>

<h1>Baroscopic, Baroscopical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bar`o*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bar`o*scop"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or determined by, the baroscope.</def>

<h1>Barouche</h1>
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<hw>Ba*rouche"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>barutsche</ets>, It. <ets>baroccio</ets>, <ets>biroccio</ets>, LL. <ets>barrotium</ets>, fr. L. <ets>birotus</ets> two-wheeled; <ets>bi=bis</ets> twice + <ets>rota</ets> wheel.]</ety> <def>A four-wheeled carriage, with a falling top, a seat on the outside for the driver, and two double seats on the inside arranged so that the sitters on the front seat face those on the back seat.</def>

<h1>Barouchet</h1>
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<hw>Ba`rou*chet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of light barouche.</def>

<h1>Barpost</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"post`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A post sunk in the ground to receive the bars closing a passage into a field.</def>

<h1>Barque</h1>
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<hw>Barque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as 3d <er>Bark</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Barracan</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ra*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>baracan</ets>, <ets>bouracan</ets> (cf. Pr. <ets>barracan</ets>, It. <ets>baracane</ets>, Sp. <ets>barragan</ets>, Pg. <ets>barregana</ets>, LL. <ets>barracanus</ets>), fr. Ar. <ets>barrak\'ben</ets> a kind of black gown, perh. fr. Per. <ets>barak</ets> a garment made of camel's hair.]</ety> <def>A thick, strong stuff, somewhat like camlet; -- still used for outer garments in the Levant.</def>

<h1>Barrack</h1>
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<hw>Bar"rack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>baraque</ets>, fr. It. <ets>baracca</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>barraca</ets>), from LL. <ets>barra</ets> bar. See <er>Bar</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A building for soldiers, especially when in garrison. Commonly in the <pluf>pl.</pluf>, originally meaning temporary huts, but now usually applied to a permanent structure or set of buildings.</def>

<blockquote>He lodged in a miserable hut or <b>barrack</b>, composed of dry branches and thatched with straw.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A movable roof sliding on four posts, to cover hay, straw, etc.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Barrack</h1>
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<hw>Bar"rack</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To supply with barracks; to establish in barracks; <as>as, to <ex>barrack</ex> troops</as>.</def>

<h1>Barrack</h1>
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<hw>Bar"rack</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To live or lodge in barracks.</def>

<h1>Barraclade</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ra*clade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>baar</ets>, OD. <ets>baer</ets>, naked, bare + <ets>kleed</ets> garment, <ets>i</ets>.<ets>e</ets>., cloth undressed or without nap.]</ety> <def>A home-made woolen blanket without nap.</def> <mark>[Local, New York]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Barracoon</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ra*coon`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. or Pg. <ets>barraca</ets>. See <er>Barrack</er>.]</ety> <def>A slave warehouse, or an inclosure where slaves are quartered temporarily.</def>

<i>Du Chaillu.</i>

<h1>Barracuda, Barracouata</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bar`ra*cu"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bar`ra*cou"ata</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A voracious pikelike, marine fish, of the genus <spn>Sphyr\'91na</spn>, sometimes used as food.</def>

<note>&hand; That of Europe and our Atlantic coast is <spn>Sphyr\'91na spet</spn> (or <spn>S. vulgaris</spn>); a southern species is <spn>S. picuda</spn>; the Californian is <spn>S. argentea</spn>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large edible fresh-water fish of Australia and New Zealand (<spn>Thyrsites atun</spn>).</def>

<h1>Barrage</h1>
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<hw>Bar"rage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>barrer</ets> to bar, from <ets>barre</ets> bar.]</ety> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>An artificial bar or obstruction placed in a river or water course to increase the depth of water; <as>as, the <ex>barrages</ex> of the Nile</as>.</def>

<h1>Barranca</h1>
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<hw>Bar*ran"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A ravine caused by heavy rains or a watercourse.</def> <mark>[Texas & N. Mex.]</mark>

<h1>Barras</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ras</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A resin, called also <altname>galipot</altname>.</def>

<h1>Barrator</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"ra*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>baratour</ets>, OF. <ets>barateor</ets> deceiver, fr. OF. <ets>barater</ets>, <ets>bareter</ets>, to deceive, cheat, barter. See <er>Barter</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>One guilty of barratry.</def>

<h1>Barratrous</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"ra*trous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt><?/</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Tainter with, or constituting, barratry.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bar"ra*trous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Barratry</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ra*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>baraterie</ets>, LL. <ets>barataria</ets>. See <er>Barrator</er>, and cf. <er>Bartery</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The practice of exciting and encouraging lawsuits and quarrels.</def> <altsp>[Also spelt <asp>barretry</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Coke. Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mar. Law)</fld> <def>A fraudulent breach of duty or willful act of known illegality on the part of a master of a ship, in his character of master, or of the mariners, to the injury of the owner of the ship or cargo, and without his consent. It includes every breach of trust committed with dishonest purpose, as by running away with the ship, sinking or deserting her, etc., or by embezzling the cargo.</def>

<i>Kent. Part.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The crime of a judge who is influenced by bribery in pronouncing judgment.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Barred owl</h1>
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<hw>Barred" owl"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large American owl (<spn>Syrnium nebulosum</spn>); -- so called from the transverse bars of a dark brown color on the breast.</def>

<h1>Barrel</h1>
<Xpage=120>

<hw>Bar"rel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[OE. <ets>barel</ets>, F. <ets>baril</ets>, prob. fr. <ets>barre</ets> bar. Cf. <er>Barricade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A round vessel or cask, of greater length than breadth, and bulging in the middle, made of staves bound with hoops, and having flat ends or heads.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quantity which constitutes a full barrel. This varies for different articles and also in different places for the same article, being regulated by custom or by law. A barrel of wine is 31<frac12/ gallons; a barrel of flour is 196 pounds.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A solid drum, or a hollow cylinder or case; <as>as, the <ex>barrel</ex> of a windlass; the <ex>barrel</ex> of a watch, within which the spring is coiled.</as></def>

<-- p. 121  -->

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A metallic tube, as of a gun, from which a projectile is discharged.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A jar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>1 Kings xvii. 12.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hollow basal part of a feather.</def>

<cs><col>Barrel bulk</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>a measure equal to five cubic feet, used in estimating capacity, as of a vessel for freight.</cd> -- <col>Barrel drain</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a drain in the form of a cylindrical tube.</cd> -- <col>Barrel of a boiler</col>, <cd>the cylindrical part of a boiler, containing the flues.</cd> -- <col>Barrel of the ear</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the tympanum, or tympanic cavity.</cd> -- <col>Barrel organ</col>, <cd>an instrument for producing music by the action of a revolving cylinder. -- <i>Barrel vault<i>. See under <er>Vault</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barrel</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"rel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Barreled</er> (<?/), or <er>Barrelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Barreling</er>, or <er>Barrelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put or to pack in a barrel or barrels.</def>

<h1>Barreled, Barrelled</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bar"reled</hw>, <hw>Bar"relled</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a barrel; -- used in composition; <as>as, a double-<ex>barreled</ex> gun</as>.</def>

<h1>Barren</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ren</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barein</ets>, OF. <ets>brehaing</ets>, <?/em. <ets>brehaigne</ets>, <ets>baraigne</ets>, F. <ets>br\'82haigne</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. Arm. <ets>br\'82kha<?/</ets>, <ets>markha<?/</ets>, sterile; LL. <ets>brana</ets> a sterile mare, principally in Aquitanian and Spanish documents; Bisc. <ets>barau</ets>, <ets>baru</ets>, fasting.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Incapable of producing offspring; producing no young; sterile; -- <?/aid of women and female animals.</def>

<blockquote>She was <b>barren</b> of children.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not producing vegetation, or useful vegetation; <?/rile.</def> "<i>Barren</i> mountain tracts."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Unproductive; fruitless; unprofitable; empty.</def>

<blockquote>Brilliant but <b>barren</b> reveries.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some schemes will appear <b>barren</b> of hints and matter.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Mentally dull; stupid.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Barren flower</col>, <cd>a flower which has only stamens without a pistil, or which as neither stamens nor pistils.</cd> -- <col>Barren Grounds</col> <fld>(Geog.)</fld>, <cd>a vast tract in British America northward of the forest regions.</cd> -- <col>Barren Ground bear</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a peculiar bear, inhabiting the Barren Grounds, now believed to be a variety of the brown bear of Europe.</cd> -- <col>Barren Ground caribou</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small reindeer (<spn>Rangifer Gr\'d2nlandicus</spn>) peculiar to the Barren Grounds and Greenland.</cd></cs>

<h1>Barren</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ren</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tract of barren land.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Elevated lands or plains on which grow small trees, but not timber; <as>as, pine <ex>barrens</ex>; oak <ex>barrens</ex></as>. They are not necessarily sterile, and are often fertile.</def> <mark>[Amer.]</mark>

<i>J. Pickering.</i>

<h1>Barrenly</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ren*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Unfruitfully; unproductively.</def>

<h1>Barrenness</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ren*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being barren; sterility; unproductiveness.</def>

<blockquote>A total <b>barrenness</b> of invention.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barrenwort</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ren*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herbaceous plant of the Barberry family (<spn>Epimedium alpinum</spn>), having leaves that are bitter and said to be sudorific.</def>

<h1>Barret</h1>
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<hw>Bar"ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>barrette</ets>, LL. <ets>barretum</ets> a cap. See <er>Berretta</er>, and cf. <er>Biretta</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of cap formerly worn by soldiers; -- called also <altname>barret cap</altname>. Also, the flat cap worn by Roman Catholic ecclesiastics.</def>

<h1>Barricade</h1>
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<hw>Bar`ri*cade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>barricade</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>barricada</ets>, orig. a barring up with casks; fr. <ets>barrica</ets> cask, perh. fr. LL. <ets>barra</ets> bar. See <er>Bar</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Barrel</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A fortification, made in haste, of trees, earth, palisades, wagons, or anything that will obstruct the progress or attack of an enemy. It is usually an obstruction formed in streets to block an enemy's access.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any bar, obstruction, or means of defense.</def>

<blockquote>Such a <b>barricade</b> as would greatly annoy, or absolutely stop,
the currents of the atmosphere.
<i>Derham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barricade</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar`ri*cade"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Barricaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Barricading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>barricader</ets>. See <er>Barricade</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To fortify or close with a barricade or with barricades; to stop up, as a passage; to obstruct; <as>as, the workmen <ex>barricaded</ex> the streets of Paris</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The further end whereof [a bridge] was <b>barricaded</b> with barrels.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Barricader</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar`ri*cad"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who constructs barricades.</def>

<h1>Barricado</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar`ri*ca"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Barricade</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Barrier</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ri*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barrere</ets>, <ets>barere</ets>, F. <ets>barri\'8are</ets>, fr. <ets>barre</ets> bar. See <er>Bar</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A carpentry obstruction, stockade, or other obstacle made in a passage in order to stop an enemy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fortress or fortified town, on the frontier of a country, commanding an avenue of approach.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A fence or railing to mark the limits of a place, or to keep back a crowd.</def>

<blockquote>No sooner were the <b>barriers</b> opened, than he paced into the lists.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An any obstruction; anything which hinders approach or attack.</def> "Constitutional <i>barriers</i>."

<i>Hopkinson.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Any limit or boundary; a line of separation.</def>

<blockquote>'Twixt that [instinct] and reason, what a nice <b>barrier</b> !
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Barrier gate</col>, <cd>a heavy gate to close the opening through a barrier.</cd> -- <col>Barrier reef</col>, <cd>a form of coral reef which runs in the general direction of the shore, and incloses a lagoon channel more or less extensive.</cd> -- <col>To fight at barriers</col>, <cd>to fight with a barrier between, as a martial exercise. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Barrigudo</h1>
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<hw>Bar`ri*gu"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name, fr. Sp. <ets>barrigudo</ets> big-bellied.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, dark-colored, South American monkey, of the genus <i>Lagothrix</i>, having a long prehensile tail.</def>

<h1>Barringout</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar`ring*out"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of closing the doors of a schoolroom against a schoolmaster; -- a boyish mode of rebellion in schools.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Barrister</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ris*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bar</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Counselor at law; a counsel admitted to plead at the bar, and undertake the public trial of causes, as distinguished from an attorney or solicitor. See <er>Attorney</er>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Barroom</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"room`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A room containing a bar or counter at which liquors are sold.</def>

<h1>Barrow</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"row</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barow</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>beran</ets> to bear. See <er>Bear</er> to support, and cf. <er>Bier</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A support having handles, and with or without a wheel, on which heavy or bulky things can be transported by hand. See <er>Handbarrow</er>, and <er>Wheelbarrow</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Salt Works)</fld> <def>A wicker case, in which salt is put to drain.</def>

<h1>Barrow</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"row</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>barow</ets>, <ets>bargh</ets>, AS. <ets>bearg</ets>, <ets>bearh</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>b\'94rgr</ets>, OHG. <ets>barh</ets>, <ets>barug</ets>, G. <ets>barch</ets>. <?/95.]</ety> <def>A hog, esp. a male hog castrated.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Barrow</h1>
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<hw>Bar"row</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bergh</ets>, AS. <ets>beorg</ets>, <ets>beorh</ets>, hill, sepulchral mound; akin to G. <ets>berg</ets> mountain, Goth. <ets>bairgahei</ets> hill, hilly country, and perh. to Skr. <ets>b<?/hant</ets> high, OIr. <ets>brigh</ets> mountain.  Cf. <er>Berg</er>, <er>Berry</er> a mound, and <er>Borough</er> an incorporated town.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large mound of earth or stones over the remains of the dead; a tumulus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A heap of rubbish, attle, etc.</def>

<h1>Barrowist</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"row*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of Henry Barrowe, one of the founders of Independency or Congregationalism in England. Barrowe was executed for nonconformity in 1953.</def>

<h1>Barrulet</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ru*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>bar</ets>, n.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A diminutive of the bar, having one fourth its width.</def>

<h1>Barruly</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ru*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Traversed by barrulets or small bars; -- said of the field.</def>

<h1>Barry</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld><def>, Divided into bars; -- said of the field.</def>

<h1>Barse</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Barse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bears</ets>, <ets>b\'91rs</ets>, akin to D. <ets>baars</ets>, G. <ets>bars</ets>, <ets>barsch</ets>. Cf. 1st <er>Bass</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>The common perch. See 1st <er>Bass</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Bartender</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"tend`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A barkeeper.</def>

<h1>Barter</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bartered</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bartering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bartren</ets>, OF. <ets>barater</ets>, <ets>bareter</ets>, to cheat, exchange, perh. fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to do, deal (well or ill), use practices or tricks, or perh. fr. Celtic; cf. Ir. <ets>brath</ets> treachery, W. <ets>brad</ets>. Cf. <er>Barrator</er>.]</ety> <def>To traffic or trade, by exchanging one commodity for another, in distinction from a <i>sale</i> and <i>purchase</i>, in which money is paid for the commodities transferred; to truck.</def>

<h1>Barter</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To trade or exchange in the way of barter; to exchange (frequently for an unworthy consideration); to traffic; to truck; -- sometimes followed by <i>away</i>; <as>as, to <ex>barter</ex> away goods or honor</as>.</def>

<h1>Barter</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of trafficking by exchange of commodities; an exchange of goods.</def>

<blockquote>The spirit of huckstering and <b>barter</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thing given in exchange.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Exchange; dealing; traffic; trade; truck.</syn>

<h1>Barterer</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who barters.</def>

<h1>Bartery</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Barter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Barth</h1>
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<hw>Barth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. unknown.]</ety> <def>A place of shelter for cattle.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Bartholomew tide</h1>
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<hw>Bar*thol"o*mew tide`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Time of the festival of St. Bartholomew, August 24th.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bartizan</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ti*zan`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Brettice</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small, overhanging structure for lookout or defense, usually projecting at an angle of a building or near an entrance gateway.</def>

<h1>Bartlett</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bart"lett</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Bartlett pear, a favorite kind of pear, which originated in England about 1770, and was called <i>Williams' Bonchr\'82tien</i>. It was brought to America, and distributed by Mr. Enoch Bartlett, of Dorchester, Massachusetts.</def>

<h1>Barton</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>beret<?/n</ets> courtyard, grange; <ets>bere</ets> barley + <ets>t<?/n</ets> an inclosure. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The demesne lands of a manor; also, the manor itself.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A farmyard.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Bartram</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"tram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bertram</er>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Barway</h1>
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<hw>Bar"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A passage into a field or yard, closed by bars made to take out of the posts.</def>

<h1>Barwise</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Bar"wise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Horizontally.</def>

<h1>Barwood</h1>
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<hw>Bar"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A red wood of a leguminous tree (<spn>Baphia nitida</spn>), from Angola and the Gaboon in Africa. It is used as a dyewood, and also for ramrods, violin bows and turner's work.</def>

<h1>Barycentric</h1>
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<hw>Bar`y*cen"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> heavy + <ets><?/</ets> center.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the center of gravity. See <cref>Barycentric calculus</cref>, under <er>Calculus</er>.</def>

<h1>Baryphony</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Ba*ryph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> heavy + <ets><?/</ets> a sound voice.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Difficulty of speech.</def>

<h1>Baryta</h1>
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<hw>Ba*ry"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> heavy. Cf. <er>Baria</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oxide of barium (or barytum); a heavy earth with a specific gravity above 4.</def>

<h1>Barytes</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Ba*ry"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> heavy:  cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> heaviness, F. <ets>baryte</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Barium sulphate, generally called <altname>heavy spar</altname> or <altname>barite</altname>. See <er>Barite</er>.</def>

<h1>Barytic</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Ba*ryt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to baryta.</def>

<h1>Baryto-calcite</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Ba*ry"to-cal"cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Baryta</ets> + <ets>calcite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a white or gray color, occurring massive or crystallized. It is a compound of the carbonates of barium and calcium.</def>

<h1>Barytone, Baritone</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw><hw>Bar"y*tone</hw>, <hw>Bar"i*tone</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> heavy + <ets><?/</ets> tone.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Grave and deep, as a kind of male voice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Greek Gram.)</fld> <def>Not marked with an accent on the last syllable, the grave accent being understood.</def>

<h1>Barytone, Baritone</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw><hw>Bar"y*tone</hw>, <hw>Bar"i*tone</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>baryton</ets>: cf. It. <ets>baritono</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A male voice, the compass of which partakes of the common bass and the tenor, but which does not descend as low as the one, nor rise as high as the other.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A person having a voice of such range.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The viola di gamba, now entirely disused.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Greek Gram.)</fld> <def>A word which has no accent marked on the last syllable, the grave accent being understood.</def>

<h1>Barytum</h1>
<Xpage=121>

<hw>Ba*ry"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The metal barium. See <er>Barium</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Basal</h1>
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<hw>Ba"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or forming, the base.</def>

<cs><col>Basal cleavage</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cleavage</er>.</cd> -- <col>Basal plane</col> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld>, <cd>one parallel to the lateral or horizontal axis.</cd></cs>

<h1>Basal-nerved</h1>
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<hw>Ba"sal-nerved`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the nerves radiating from the base; -- said of leaves.</def>

<h1>Basalt</h1>
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<hw>Ba*salt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[N. <ets>basaltes</ets> (an African word), a dark and hard species of marble found in Ethiopia: cf. F. <ets>basalte</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A rock of igneous origin, consisting of augite and triclinic feldspar, with grains of magnetic or titanic iron, and also bottle-green particles of olivine frequently disseminated.</def>

<note>&hand; It is usually of a greenish black color, or of some dull brown shade, or black. It constitutes immense beds in some regions, and also occurs in veins or dikes cutting through other rocks. It has often a prismatic structure as at the Giant's Causeway, in Ireland, where the columns are as regular as if the work of art. It is a very tough and heavy rock, and is one of the best materials for macadamizing roads.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An imitation, in pottery, of natural basalt; a kind of black porcelain.</def>

<h1>Basaltic</h1>
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<hw>Ba*salt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>basaltique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to basalt; formed of, or containing, basalt; as <i>basaltic</i> lava.</def>

<h1>Basaltiform</h1>
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<hw>Ba*salt"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Basalt</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the form of basalt; columnar.</def>

<h1>Basaltoid</h1>
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<hw>Ba*salt"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Basalt</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formed like basalt; basaltiform.</def>

<h1>Basan</h1>
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<hw>Bas"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Basil</er>, a sheepskin.</def>

<h1>Basanite</h1>
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<hw>Bas"a*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>basanites</ets> lapis, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> the touchstone: cf. F. <ets>basanite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Lydian stone, or black jasper, a variety of siliceous or flinty slate, of a grayish or bluish black color. It is employed to test the purity of gold, the amount of alloy being indicated by the color left on the stone when rubbed by the metal.</def>

<h1>Basbleu</h1>
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<hw>Bas`bleu"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>bas</ets> stocking + <ets>bleu</ets> blue.]</ety> <def>A bluestocking; a literary woman.</def> <mark>[Somewhat derisive]</mark>

<h1>Bascinet</h1>
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<hw>Bas"ci*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bacinet</ets>, <ets>basnet</ets>, OF. <ets>bassinet</ets>, <ets>bacinet</ets>, F. <ets>bassinet</ets>, dim. of OF. <ets>bacin</ets>, F. <ets>bassin</ets>, a helmet in the form of a basin.]</ety> <def>A light helmet, at first open, but later made with a visor.</def>  <altsp>[Written also <asp>basinet</asp>, <asp>bassinet</asp>, <asp>basnet</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bascule</h1>
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<hw>Bas"cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a seesaw.]</ety> <def>In mechanics an apparatus on the principle of the seesaw, in which one end rises as the other falls.</def>

<cs><col>Bascule bridge</col>, <cd>a counterpoise or balanced drawbridge, which is opened by sinking the counterpoise and thus lifting the footway into the air.</cd></cs>

<h1>Base</h1>
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<hw>Base</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bass</ets>, F. <ets>bas</ets>, low, fr. LL. <ets>bassus</ets> thick, fat, short, humble; cf. L. <ets>Bassus</ets>, a proper name, and W. <ets>bas</ets> shallow. Cf. <er>Bass</er> a part in music.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of little, or less than the usual, height; of low growth; <as>as, <ex>base</ex> shrubs</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Low in place or position.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of humble birth; or low degree; lowly; mean.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "A pleasant and <i>base</i> swain."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Illegitimate by birth; bastard.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Why bastard? wherefore <b>base</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Of little comparative value, as metal inferior to gold and silver, the precious metals.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Alloyed with inferior metal; debased; <as>as, <ex>base</ex> coin; <ex>base</ex> bullion.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Morally low. Hence: Low-minded; unworthy; without dignity of sentiment; ignoble; mean; illiberal; menial; <as>as, a <ex>base</ex> fellow; <ex>base</ex> motives; <ex>base</ex> occupations.</as></def> "A cruel act of a <i>base</i> and a cowardish mind." <i>Robynson (More's Utopia)</i>. "<i>Base</i> ingratitude."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Not classical or correct.</def> "<i>Base</i> Latin."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Deep or grave in sound; <as>as, the <ex>base</ex> tone of a violin</as>.</def> <altsp>[In this sense, commonly written <asp>bass.</asp>]</altsp>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Not held by honorable service; <as>as, a <ex>base</ex> estate, one held by services not honorable; held by villenage. Such a tenure is called <ex>base</ex>, or low, and the tenant, a <ex>base</ex> tenant.</as></def>

<cs><col>Base fee</col>, <cd>formerly, an estate held at the will of the lord; now, a qualified fee. See note under <er>Fee</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Base metal</col>. <cd>See under <er>Metal</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Dishonorable; worthless; ignoble; low-minded; infamous; sordid; degraded.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Base</er>, <er>Vile</er>, <er>Mean</er>. These words, as expressing moral qualities, are here arranged in the order of their strength, the strongest being placed first. <i>Base</i> marks a high degree of moral turpitude; <i>vile</i> and <i>mean</i> denote, in different degrees, the want of what is valuable or worthy of esteem. What is <i>base</i> excites our abhorrence; what is <i>vile</i> provokes our disgust or indignation; what is <i>mean</i> awakens contempt. <i>Base</i> is opposed to high-minded; <i>vile</i>, to noble; <i>mean</i>, to liberal or generous. Ingratitude is <i>base</i>; sycophancy is <i>vile</i>; undue compliances are <i>mean</i>.</usage>

<h1>Base</h1>
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<hw>Base</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>base</ets>, L. <ets>basis</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a stepping step, a base, pedestal, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to go, step, akin to E. <ets>come</ets>. Cf. <er>Basis</er>, and see <er>Come</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The bottom of anything, considered as its support, or that on which something rests for support; the foundation; <as>as, the <ex>base</ex> of a statue</as>.</def> "The <i>base</i> of mighty mountains."

<i>Prescott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: The fundamental or essential part of a thing; the essential principle; a groundwork.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The lower part of a wall, pier, or column, when treated as a separate feature, usually in projection, or especially ornamented.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The lower part of a complete architectural design, as of a monument; also, the lower part of any elaborate piece of furniture or decoration.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>That extremity of a leaf, fruit, etc., at which it is attached to its support.</def>

<-- p. 122  -->

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The positive, or non-acid component of a salt; a substance which, combined with an acid, neutralizes the latter and forms a salt; -- applied also to the hydroxides of the positive elements or radicals, and to certain organic bodies resembling them in their property of forming salts with acids.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Pharmacy)</fld> <def>The chief ingredient in a compound.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld> <def>A substance used as a mordant.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The exterior side of the polygon, or that imaginary line which connects the salient angles of two adjacent bastions.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The line or surface constituting that part of a figure on which it is supposed to stand.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The number from which a mathematical table is constructed; <as>as, the <ex>base</ex> of a system of logarithms</as>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <ety>[See <er>Base</er> low.]</ety> <def>A low, or deep, sound. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> The lowest part; the deepest male voice. <sd>(b)</sd> One who sings, or the instrument which plays, base.</def>  <altsp>[Now commonly written <asp>bass</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>The trebles squeak for fear, the <b>bases</b> roar.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A place or tract of country, protected by fortifications, or by natural advantages, from which the operations of an army proceed, forward movements are made, supplies are furnished, etc.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The smallest kind of cannon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>14.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That part of an organ by which it is attached to another more central organ.</def>

<p><b>15.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The basal plane of a crystal.</def>

<p><b>16.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The ground mass of a rock, especially if not distinctly crystalline.</def>

<p><b>17.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The lower part of the field. See <er>Escutcheon</er>.</def>

<p><b>18.</b> <def>The housing of a horse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>19.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A kind of skirt ( often of velvet or brocade, but sometimes of mailed armor) which hung from the middle to about the knees, or lower.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>20.</b> <def>The lower part of a robe or petticoat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>21.</b> <def>An apron.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "Bakers in their linen <i>bases</i>."

<i>Marston.</i>

<p><b>22.</b> <def>The point or line from which a start is made; a starting place or a goal in various games.</def>

<blockquote>To their appointed <b>base</b> they went.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>23.</b> <fld>(Surv.)</fld> <def>A line in a survey which, being accurately determined in length and position, serves as the origin from which to compute the distances and positions of any points or objects connected with it by a system of triangles.</def>

<i>Lyman.</i>

<p><b>24.</b> <def>A rustic play; -- called also <altname>prisoner's base</altname>, <altname>prison base</altname>, or <altname>bars</altname>.</def> "To run the country <i>base</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>25.</b> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>Any one of the four bounds which mark the circuit of the infield.</def>

<cs><col>Altern base</col>. <cd>See under <er>Altern</er>.</cd> -- <col>Attic base</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Attic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Base course</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The first or lower course of a foundation wall, made of large stones of a mass of concrete; -- called also <altname>foundation course</altname>. <sd>(b)</sd> The architectural member forming the transition between the basement and the wall above.</cd> -- <col>Base hit</col> <fld>(Baseball)</fld>, <cd>a hit, by which the batsman, without any error on the part of his opponents, is able to reach the first base without being put out.</cd> -- <col>Base line</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A main line taken as a base, as in surveying or in military operations.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A line traced round a cannon at the rear of the vent.</cd> -- <col>Base plate</col>, <cd>the foundation plate of heavy machinery, as of the steam engine; the bed plate.</cd> -- <col>Base ring</col> <fld>(Ordnance)</fld>, <cd>a projecting band of metal around the breech, connected with the body of the gun by a concave molding.</cd>  <i>H. L. Scott.</i></cs>

<h1>Base</h1>
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<hw>Base</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Based</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Basing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Base</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To put on a base or basis; to lay the foundation of; to found, as an argument or conclusion; -- used with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Base</h1>
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<hw>Base</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Base</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Abase</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To abase; to let, or cast, down; to lower.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If any . . . <b>based</b> his pike.
<i>Sir T. North.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reduce the value of; to debase.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Metals which we can not <b>base</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Baseball</h1>
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<hw>Base"ball"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A game of ball, so called from the bases or bounds ( four in number) which designate the circuit which each player must endeavor to make after striking the ball.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The ball used in this game.</def>

<h1>Baseboard</h1>
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<hw>Base"board</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A board, or other woodwork, carried round the walls of a room and touching the floor, to form a base and protect the plastering; -- also called <i>washboard</i> (in England), <i>mopboard</i>, and <i>scrubboard</i>.</def>

<h1>Baseborn</h1>
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<hw>Base"born`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Born out of wedlock.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Born of low parentage.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Vile; mean.</def> "Thy <i>baseborn</i> heart."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Base-burner</h1>
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<hw>Base"-burn`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A furnace or stove in which the fuel is contained in a hopper or chamber, and is fed to the fire as the lower stratum is consumed.</def>

<h1>Base-court</h1>
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<hw>Base"-court`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>basse-cour</ets>. See <er>Base</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Court</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The secondary, inferior, or rear courtyard of a large house; the outer court of a castle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An inferior court of law, not of record.</def>

<h1>Based</h1>
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<hw>Based</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> & <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a base, or having as a base; supported; <as>as, broad-<ex>based</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[See <er>Base</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 18-21.]</ety> <def>Wearing, or protected by, bases.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "<i>Based</i> in lawny velvet."

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<h1>Basedow's disease</h1>
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<hw>Ba"se*dow's dis*ease"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Named for Dr. <ets>Basedow</ets>, a German physician.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease characterized by enlargement of the thyroid gland, prominence of the eyeballs, and inordinate action of the heart; -- called also <altname>exophthalmic goiter</altname>.</def>

<i>Flint.</i>

<h1>Baselard</h1>
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<hw>Bas"e*lard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>baselarde</ets>, LL. <ets>basillardus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A short sword or dagger, worn in the fifteenth century.</def>  <altsp>[Written also <asp>baslard</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Baseless</h1>
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<hw>Base"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a base; having no foundation or support.</def> "The <i>baseless</i> fabric of this vision."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Basely</h1>
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<hw>Base"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a base manner; with despicable meanness; dishonorably; shamefully.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Illegitimately; in bastardy.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Knolles.</i>

<h1>Basement</h1>
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<hw>Base"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>soubassement</ets>. Of uncertain origin. Cf. <er>Base</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Bastion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The outer wall of the ground story of a building, or of a part of that story, when treated as a distinct substructure. ( See <er>Base</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3 <sd>(a)</sd>.) Hence: The rooms of a ground floor, collectively.</def>

<cs><col>Basement membrane</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a delicate membrane composed of a single layer of flat cells, forming the substratum upon which, in many organs, the epithelioid cells are disposed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Baseness</h1>
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<hw>Base"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being base; degradation; vileness.</def>

<blockquote>I once did hold it a <b>baseness</b> to write fair.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Basenet</h1>
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<hw>Bas"e*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bascinet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Base viol</h1>
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<hw>Base" vi`ol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Bass viol</er>.</def>

<h1>Bash</h1>
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<hw>Bash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>baschen</ets>, <ets>baissen</ets>. See <er>Abash</er>.]</ety> <def>To abash; to disconcert or be disconcerted or put out of countenance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His countenance was bold and <b>bashed</b> not.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bashaw</h1>
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<hw>Ba*shaw"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pasha</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A Turkish title of honor, now written <i>pasha</i>. See <er>Pasha</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: A magnate or grandee.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very large siluroid fish (<spn>Leptops olivaris</spn>) of the Mississippi valley; -- also called <i>goujon</i>, <i>mud cat</i>, and <i>yellow cat</i>.</def>

<h1>Bashful</h1>
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<hw>Bash"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bash</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abashed; daunted; dismayed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Very modest, or modest excess; constitutionally disposed to shrink from public notice; indicating extreme or excessive modesty; shy; <as>as, a <ex>bashful</ex> person, action, expression</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Diffident; retiring; reserved; shamefaced; sheepish.</syn>

<h1>Bashfully</h1>
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<hw>Bash"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a bashful manner.</def>

<h1>Bashfulness</h1>
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<hw>Bash"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being bashful.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Bashfulness</er>, <er>Modesty</er>, <er>Diffidence</er>, <er>Shyness</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Modesty</i> arises from a low estimate of ourselves; <i>bashfulness</i> is an <i>abashment</i> or agitation of the spirits at coming into contact with others; <i>diffidence</i> is produced by an undue degree of self-distrust; <i>shyness</i> usually arises from an excessive self-consciousness, and a painful impression that every one is looking at us. <i>Modesty</i> of deportment is becoming at all; <i>bashfulness</i> often gives rise to mistakes and blundering; <i>diffidence</i> is society frequently makes a man a burden to himself; <i>shyness</i> usually produces a reserve or distance which is often mistaken for haughtiness.</usage>

<h1>Bashi-bazouk</h1>
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<hw>Bash"i-ba*zouk"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turkish, light-headed, a foolish fellow.]</ety> <def>A soldier belonging to the irregular troops of the Turkish army.</def>

<h1>Bashless</h1>
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<hw>Bash"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shameless; unblushing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bashyle</h1>
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<hw>Bas"hyle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Basyle</er>.</def>

<h1>Basi-</h1>
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<hw>Ba"si-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form, especially in anatomical and botanical words, to indicate <i>the base</i> or <i>position at or near a base</i>; <i>forming a base</i>; <i>as</i>, <i>basi</i>branchials, the most ventral of the cartilages or bones of the branchial arches; <i>basi</i>cranial, situated at the base of the cranium; <i>basi</i>facial, <i>basi</i>temporal, etc.</def>

<h1>Basic</h1>
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<hw>Ba"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Relating to a base; performing the office of a base in a salt.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having the base in excess, or the amount of the base atomically greater than that of the acid, or exceeding in proportion that of the related neutral salt.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Apparently alkaline, as certain normal salts which exhibit alkaline reactions with test paper.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Said of crystalline rocks which contain a relatively low percentage of silica, as basalt.</def>

<cs><col>Basic salt</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a salt formed from a base or hydroxide by the partial replacement of its hydrogen by a negative or acid element or radical.</cd></cs>

<h1>Basicerite</h1>
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<hw>Ba*sic"er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + Gr. <ets><?/</ets> horn, antenna.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The second joint of the antenn\'91 of crustaceans.</def>

<h1>Basicity</h1>
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<hw>Ba*sic"i*ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The quality or state of being a base.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The power of an acid to unite with one or more atoms or equivalents of a base, as indicated by the number of replaceable hydrogen atoms contained in the acid.</def>

<h1>Basidiospore</h1>
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<hw>Ba*sid"i*o*spore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Basidium</ets> + <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A spore borne by a basidium.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ba*sid`i*o*spor"ous</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Basidium</h1>
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<hw>Ba*sid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., dim. of Gr. <ets><?/</ets> base.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A special oblong or pyriform cell, with slender branches, which bears the spores in that division of fungi called <i>Basidiomycetes</i>, of which the common mushroom is an example.</def>

<h1>Basifier</h1>
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<hw>Ba"si*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>That which converts into a salifiable base.</def>

<h1>Basifugal</h1>
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<hw>Ba*sif"u*gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Base</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>+ L. <ets>fugere</ets> to flee.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Tending or proceeding away from the base; <as>as, a <ex>basifugal</ex> growth</as>.</def>

<h1>Basify</h1>
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<hw>Ba"si*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Base</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To convert into a salifiable base.</def>

<h1>Basigynium</h1>
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<hw>Ba`si*gyn"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> base + <ets><?/</ets> woman.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pedicel on which the ovary of certain flowers, as the passion flower, is seated; a carpophore or thecaphore.</def>

<h1>Basihyal</h1>
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<hw>Ba`si*hy"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ (the letter "upsilon"); from the shape.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Noting two small bones, forming the body of the inverted hyoid arch.</def>

<h1>Basihyoid</h1>
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<hw>Ba`si*hy"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + <ets>hyoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The central tongue bone.</def>

<h1>Basil</h1>
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<hw>Bas"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>basile</ets> and E. <er>Bezel</er>.]</ety> <def>The slope or angle to which the cutting edge of a tool, as a plane, is ground.</def>

<i>Grier.</i>

<h1>Basil</h1>
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<hw>Bas"il</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Basiled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Basiling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To grind or form the edge of to an angle.</def>

<i>Moxon.</i>

<h1>Basil</h1>
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<hw>Bas"il</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>basilic</ets>, fr. L. <ets>badilicus</ets> royal, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <ets><?/</ets> king.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name given to several aromatic herbs of the Mint family, but chiefly to the common or sweet basil (<spn>Ocymum basilicum</spn>), and the bush basil, or lesser basil (<spn>O. minimum</spn>), the leaves of which are used in cookery. The name is also given to several kinds of mountain mint (<spn>Pycnanthemum</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>Basil thyme</col>, <cd>a name given to the fragrant herbs <i>Calamintha Acinos<i> and <i>C<i>. <i>Nepeta<i>.</cd> -- <col>Wild basil</col>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Calamintha clinopodium</spn>) of the Mint family.</cd></cs>

<h1>Basil</h1>
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<hw>Bas"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupt. from E. <ets>basan</ets>, F. <ets>basane</ets>, LL. <ets>basanium</ets>, <ets>bazana</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>bith\'bena</ets>, prop., lining.]</ety> <def>The skin of a sheep tanned with bark.</def>

<h1>Basilar, Basilary</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bas"i*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bas"i*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>basilaire</ets>, fr. L. <ets>basis</ets>. See <er>Base</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to, or situated at, the base.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lower; inferior; applied to impulses or springs of action.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Basilar</i> instincts."

<i>H. W. Beecher.</i>

<h1>Basilic</h1>
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<hw>Ba*sil"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>basilique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Basilica.</def>

<h1>Basilic, Basilical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ba*sil"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ba*sil"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Basilica</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Royal; kingly; also, basilican.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to certain parts, anciently supposed to have a specially important function in the animal economy, as the middle vein of the right arm.</def>

<h1>Basilica</h1>
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<hw>Ba*sil"i*ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Basilicas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>; sometimes <plw>Basilic<?/e</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>basilica</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> ( sc. <ets><?/</ets>, or <ets><?/</ets>) fr. <ets><?/</ets> royal, fr. <ets><?/ king</ets>.]</ety> <def> Originally, the place of a king; but afterward, an apartment provided in the houses of persons of importance, where assemblies were held for dispensing justice; and hence, any large hall used for this purpose.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A building used by the Romans as a place of public meeting, with court rooms, etc., attached.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A church building of the earlier centuries of Christianity, the plan of which was taken from the basilica of the Romans. The name is still applied to some churches by way of honorary distinction.</def>

<h1>Basilica</h1>
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<hw>Ba*sil"i*ca</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A digest of the laws of Justinian, translated from the original Latin into Greek, by order of <i>Basil</i> I., in the ninth century.</def>

<i>P. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Basilican</h1>
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<hw>Ba*sil"i*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, relating to, or resembling, a basilica; basilical.</def>

<blockquote>There can be no doubt that the first churches in Constantinople were in the <b>basilican</b> form.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Basilicok</h1>
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<hw>Ba*sil"i*cok</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>basilicoc</ets>.]</ety> <def>The basilisk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer</i>

<h1>Basilicon</h1>
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<hw>Ba*sil"i*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>basilicon</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, neut. of <ets><?/</ets>: cf. F. <ets>basilicon</ets>. See <er>Basilica</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An ointment composed of wax, pitch, resin, and olive oil, lard, or other fatty substance.</def>

<h1>Basilisk</h1>
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<hw>Bas"i*lisk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>basiliscus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> little king, kind of serpent, dim. of <ets><?/</ets> king; -- so named from some prominences on the head resembling a crown.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fabulous serpent, or dragon. The ancients alleged that its hissing would drive away all other serpents, and that its breath, and even its look, was fatal. See <er>Cockatrice</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Make me not sighted like the <b>basilisk</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lizard of the genus <i>Basiliscus</i>, belonging to the family <i>Iguanid\'91</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; This genus is remarkable for a membranous bag rising above the occiput, which can be filled with air at pleasure; also for an elevated crest along the back, that can be raised or depressed at will.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A large piece of ordnance, so called from its supposed resemblance to the serpent of that name, or from its size.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Basin</h1>
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<hw>Ba"sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bacin</ets>, F. <ets>bassin</ets>, LL. <ets>bacchinus</ets>, fr. <ets>bacca</ets> a water vessel, fr. L. <ets>bacca</ets> berry, in allusion to the round shape; or perh. fr. Celtic. Cf. <er>Bac</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A hollow vessel or dish, to hold water for washing, and for various other uses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quantity contained in a basin.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A hollow vessel, of various forms and materials, used in the arts or manufactures, as that used by glass grinders for forming concave glasses, by hatters for molding a hat into shape, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A hollow place containing water, as a pond, a dock for ships, a little bay.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Physical Geog.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A circular or oval valley, or depression of the surface of the ground, the lowest part of which is generally occupied by a lake, or traversed by a river.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The entire tract of country drained by a river, or sloping towards a sea or lake.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An isolated or circumscribed formation, particularly where the strata dip inward, on all sides, toward a center; -- especially applied to the coal formations, called <stype>coal basins</stype> or <stype>coal fields</stype>.</def>

<h1>Basined</h1>
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<hw>Ba"sined</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclosed in a basin.</def> "<i>Basined</i> rivers."

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Basinet</h1>
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<hw>Bas"i*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bascinet</er>.</def>

<h1>Basioccipital</h1>
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<hw>Ba`si*oc*cip"i*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + <ets>occipital</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the bone in the base of the cranium, frequently forming a part of the occipital in the adult, but usually distinct in the young.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> The basioccipital bone.</def></def2>

<h1>Basion</h1>
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<hw>Ba"si*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a base.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The middle of the anterior margin of the great foramen of the skull.</def>

<h1>Basipodite</h1>
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<hw>Ba*sip"o*dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The basal joint of the legs of Crustacea.</def>

<h1>Basipterygium</h1>
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<hw>Ba*sip`te*ryg"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a base + <ets><?/</ets> a fin.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bar of cartilage at the base of the embryonic fins of some fishes. It develops into the metapterygium.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ba*sip`ter*yg"i*al</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Basipterygoid</h1>
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<hw>Ba`sip*ter"y*goid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + <ets>pierygoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Applied to a protuberance of the base of the sphenoid bone.</def>

<h1>Basis</h1>
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<hw>Ba"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bases</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>basis</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. See <er>Base</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The foundation of anything; that on which a thing rests.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The pedestal of a column, pillar, or statue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If no <b>basis</b> bear my rising name.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 123  -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The ground work the first or fundamental principle; that which supports.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>basis</b> of public credit is good faith.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The principal component part of a thing.</def>

<h1>Basisolute</h1>
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<hw>Ba*sis"o*lute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + <ets>solute</ets>, a.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Prolonged at the base, as certain leaves.</def>

<h1>Basisphenoid, Basisphenoidal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ba`si*sphe"noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ba`si*sphe*noid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + <ets>spheroid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to that part of the base of the cranium between the basioccipital and the presphenoid, which usually ossifies separately in the embryo or in the young, and becomes a part of the sphenoid in the adult.</def>

<h1>Basisphenoid</h1>
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<hw>Ba`si*sphe"noid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The basisphenoid bone.</def>

<h1>Bask</h1>
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<hw>Bask</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Basked</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Basking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[ OScand. <ets>ba<?/ask</ets> to bathe one's self, or perh. <ets>bakask</ets> to bake one's self, <ets>sk</ets> being reflexive. See <er>Bath</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Bake</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To lie in warmth; to be exposed to genial heat.</def>

<blockquote><b>Basks</b> in the glare, and stems the tepid wave.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bask</h1>
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<hw>Bask</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To warm by continued exposure to heat; to warm with genial heat.</def>

<blockquote><b>Basks</b> at the fire his hairy strength.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Basket</h1>
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<hw>Bas"ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of unknown origin. The modern Celtic words seem to be from the English.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A vessel made of osiers or other twigs, cane, rushes, splints, or other flexible material, interwoven.</def> "Rude <i>baskets</i> . . . woven of the flexile willow."

<i>Dyer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The contents of a basket; as much as a basket contains; <as>as, a <ex>basket</ex> of peaches</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The bell or vase of the Corinthian capital.</def> <mark>[Improperly so used.]</mark>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The two back seats facing one another on the outside of a stagecoach.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<cs><col>Basket fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an ophiuran of the genus <spn>Astrophyton</spn>, having the arms much branched. See <er>Astrophyton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Basket hilt</col>, <cd>a hilt with a covering wrought like basketwork to protect the hand</cd>. <i>Hudibras</i>. Hence, <col>Baskethilted</col></mcol>, <cd><tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>Basket work</col>, <cd>work consisting of plaited osiers or twigs.</cd> -- <col>Basket worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a lepidopterous insect of the genus <i>Thyridopteryx<i> and allied genera, esp. <spn>T. ephemer\'91formis</spn>. The larva makes and carries about a bag or basket-like case of silk and twigs, which it afterwards hangs up to shelter the pupa and wingless adult females.</cd></cs>

<h1>Basket</h1>
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<hw>Bas"ket</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put into a basket.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Basketful</h1>
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<hw>Bas"ket*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Basketfuls</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>As much as a basket will contain.</def>

<h1>Basketry</h1>
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<hw>Bas"ket*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of making baskets; also, baskets, taken collectively.</def>

<h1>Basking shark</h1>
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<hw>Bask"ing shark`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the largest species of sharks (<spn>Cetorhinus maximus</spn>), so called from its habit of basking in the sun; the liver shark, or bone shark. It inhabits the northern seas of Europe and America, and grows to a length of more than forty feet. It is a harmless species.</def>

<h1>Basnet</h1>
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<hw>Bas"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bascinet</er>.</def>

<h1>Basommatophora</h1>
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<hw>Ba*som`ma*toph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> base + <ets><?/</ets> eye + <ets><?/</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Pulmonifera having the eyes at the base of the tentacles, including the common pond snails.</def>

<h1>Bason</h1>
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<hw>Ba"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A basin.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Special form]</mark>

<h1>Basque</h1>
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<hw>Basque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Biscay, its people, or their language.</def>

<h1>Basque</h1>
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<hw>Basque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of a race, of unknown origin, inhabiting a region on the Bay of Biscay in Spain and France.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The language spoken by the Basque people.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A part of a lady's dress, resembling a jacket with a short skirt; -- probably so called because this fashion of dress came from the <i>Basques</i>.</def>

<h1>Basquish</h1>
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<hw>Basqu"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>Basque</ets> Biscayan: cf. G. <ets>Baskisch</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the country, people, or language of Biscay; Basque</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Bas-relief</h1>
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<hw>Bas`-re*lief"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bas-relief</ets>; <ets>bas</ets> law + <ets>relief</ets> raised work, <ets>relever</ets> to raise: cf. It. <ets>bassorilievo</ets>.]</ety> <def>Low relief; sculpture, the figures of which project less than half of their true proportions; -- called also <altname>bassrelief</altname> and <altname>basso-rilievo</altname>. See <er>Alto-rilievo</er>.</def>

<h1>Bass</h1>
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<hw>Bass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bass</plw>, and sometimes <plw>Basses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[A corruption of <ets>barse</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An edible, spiny-finned fish, esp. of the genera <spn>Roccus</spn>, <spn>Labrax</spn>, and related genera. There are many species.</def>

<note>&hand; The common European bass is <spn>Labrax lupus</spn>. American species are: the striped bass (<spn>Roccus lineatus</spn>); white or silver bass of the lakes. (<spn>R. chrysops</spn>); brass or yellow bass <spn>(R. interruptus)</spn>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The two American fresh-water species of black bass (genus <spn>Micropterus</spn>). See <er>Black bass</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Species of <spn>Serranus</spn>, the sea bass and rock bass. See <er>Sea bass</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The southern, red, or channel bass (<spn>Sci\'91na ocellata</spn>). See <er>Redfish</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also applied to many other fishes. See <cref>Calico bass</cref>, under <er>Calico</er>.</note>

<h1>Bass</h1>
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<hw>Bass</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>bast</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The linden or lime tree, sometimes wrongly called <altname>whitewood</altname>; also, its bark, which is used for making mats. See <er>Bast</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <tt>(Pron. <?/)</tt> <def>A hassock or thick mat.</def>

<h1>Bass</h1>
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<hw>Bass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>basse</ets>, fr. <ets>bas</ets> low. See <er>Base</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A bass, or deep, sound or tone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The lowest part in a musical composition.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who sings, or the instrument which plays, bass.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>base</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Thorough bass</col>. <cd>See <er>Thorough bass</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bass</h1>
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<hw>Bass</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deep or grave in tone.</def>

<cs><col>Bass clef</col> (<fld>Mus.</fld>), <cd>the character placed at the beginning of the staff containing the bass part of a musical composition.</cd> [See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Clef</er>.] -- <col>Bass voice</col>, <cd>a deepsounding voice; a voice fitted for singing bass.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bass</h1>
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<hw>Bass</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sound in a deep tone.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bassa, Bassaw</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bas"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bas*saw"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bashaw</er>.</def>

<h1>Bass drum</h1>
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<hw>Bass` drum"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The largest of the different kinds of drums, having two heads, and emitting a deep, grave sound. See <er>Bass</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Basset</h1>
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<hw>Bas"set</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bassette</ets>, fr.It. <ets>bassetta</ets>. Cf. <er>Basso</er>.]</ety> <def>A game at cards, resembling the modern faro, said to have been invented at Venice.</def>

<blockquote>Some dress, some dance, some play, not to forget
Your piquet parties, and your dear <b>basset</b>.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Basset</h1>
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<hw>Bas"set</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>basset</ets> somewhat low, dim. of <ets>bas</ets> low.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Inclined upward; <as>as, the <ex>basset</ex> edge of strata</as>.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<h1>Basset</h1>
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<hw>Bas"set</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The edge of a geological stratum at the surface of the ground; the outcrop.</def>

<h1>Basset</h1>
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<hw>Bas"set</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Basseted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Basseting</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>To inclined upward so as to appear at the surface; to crop out; <as>as, a vein of coal <ex>bassets</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Basset horn</h1>
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<hw>Bas"set horn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Basset</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An instrument blown with a reed, and resembling a clarinet, but of much greater compass, embracing nearly four octaves.</def>

<h1>Basset hound</h1>
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<hw>Bas"set hound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>basset</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small kind of hound with a long body and short legs, used as an earth dog.</def>

<h1>Basseting</h1>
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<hw>Bas"set*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The upward direction of a vein in a mine; the emergence of a stratum at the surface.</def>

<h1>Bassetto</h1>
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<hw>Bas*set"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., <ets>adj</ets>., somewhat low; <tt>n.</tt>, counter tenor. See <er>Basso</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A tenor or small bass viol.</def>

<h1>Bass horn</h1>
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<hw>Bass" horn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A modification of the bassoon, much deeper in tone.</def>

<h1>Bassinet</h1>
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<hw>Bas"si*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bassinet</ets>, dim. of <ets>bassin</ets>. See <er>Basin</er>, and cf. <er>Bascinet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wicker basket, with a covering or hood over one end, in which young children are placed as in a cradle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Bascinet</er>.</def>

<i>Lord Lytton.</i>

<h1>Basso</h1>
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<hw>Bas"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. LL. <ets>bassus</ets>. See <er>Base</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bass or lowest part; <as>as, to sing <ex>basso</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who sings the lowest part.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The double bass, or <altname>contrabasso</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Basso continuo</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[It., bass continued.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>A bass part written out continuously, while the other parts of the harmony are indicated by figures attached to the bass; continued bass.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bassock</h1>
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<hw>Bas"sock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hassock. See 2d <er>Bass</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Bassoon</h1>
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<hw>Bas*soon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>basson</ets>, fr. <ets>basse</ets> bass; or perh. fr. <ets>bas son</ets> low sound. See <er>Bass</er> a part in music. ]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A wind instrument of the double reed kind, furnished with holes, which are stopped by the fingers, and by keys, as in flutes. It forms the natural bass to the oboe, clarinet, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; Its compass comprehends three octaves. For convenience of carriage it is divided into two parts; whence it is also called a <i>fagot</i>.</note>

<h1>Bassoonist</h1>
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<hw>Bas*soon"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A performer on the bassoon.</def>

<i>Busby.</i>

<h1>Basso-rilievo, Basso-relievo</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bas"so-ri*lie"vo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bas"so-re*lie"vo</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>basso-rilievo</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Bas-relief</er>.</def>

<h1>Bassorin</h1>
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<hw>Bas"so*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bassorine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A constituent part of a species of gum from <i>Bassora</i>, as also of gum tragacanth and some gum resins. It is one of the amyloses.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Bass-relief</h1>
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<hw>Bass"-re*lief`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Some as <er>Bas-relief</er>.</def>

<h1>Bass viol</h1>
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<hw>Bass" vi`ol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A stringed instrument of the viol family, used for playing bass. See 3d <er>Bass</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and <er>Violoncello</er>.</def>

<h1>Basswood</h1>
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<hw>Bass"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The bass (<spn>Tilia</spn>) or its wood; especially, <spn>T. Americana</spn>. See <er>Bass</er>, the lime tree.</def>

<blockquote>All the bowls were made of <b>basswood</b>,
White and polished very smoothly.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bast</h1>
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<hw>Bast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>b\'91st</ets>; akin to Icel., Sw., Dan., D., & G. <ets>bast</ets>, of unknown origin. Cf. <er>Bass</er> the tree.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The inner fibrous bark of various plants; esp. of the lime tree; hence, matting, cordage, etc., made therefrom.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thick mat or hassock. See 2d <er>Bass</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Basta</h1>
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<hw>Bas"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>Enough; stop.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bastard</h1>
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<hw>Bas"tard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bastard</ets>, <ets>bastart</ets>, F. <ets>b<?/tard</ets>, prob. fr. OF. <ets>bast</ets>, F. <ets>b<?/t</ets>, a packsaddle used as a bed by the muleteers (fr. LL. <ets>bastum</ets>) + <ets>-ard</ets>. OF. fils de <ets>bast</ets> son of the packsaddle; as the muleteers were accustomed to use their saddles for beds in the inns. See Cervantes, "Don Quixote," chap. 16; and cf.G. <ets>bankert</ets>, fr. <ets>bank</ets> bench.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A "natural" child; a child begotten and born out of wedlock; an illegitimate child; one born of an illicit union.</def>

<note>&hand; By the civil and canon laws, and by the laws of many of the United States, a <i>bastard</i> becomes a legitimate child by the intermarriage of the parents at any subsequent time. But by those of England, and of some states of the United States, a child, to be legitimate, must at least be <i>born</i> after the lawful marriage.</note>

<i>Kent. Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Sugar Refining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An inferior quality of soft brown sugar, obtained from the sirups that <?/ already had several boilings.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A large size of mold, in which sugar is drained.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sweet Spanish wine like muscadel in flavor.</def>

<blockquote>Brown <b>bastard</b> is your only drink.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A writing paper of a particular size. See <er>Paper</er>.</def>

<h1>Bastard</h1>
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<hw>Bas"tard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Begotten and born out of lawful matrimony; illegitimate. See <er>Bastard</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, note.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lacking in genuineness; spurious; false; adulterate; -- applied to things which resemble those which are genuine, but are really not so.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>bastard</b> self-love which is so vicious in itself, and productive of so many vices.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of an unusual make or proportion; <as>as, a <ex>bastard</ex> musket; a <ex>bastard</ex> culverin.</as></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Abbreviated, as the half title in a page preceding the full title page of a book.</def>

<cs><col>Bastard ashlar</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>stones for ashlar work, roughly squared at the quarry.</cd> -- <col>Bastard file</col>, <cd>a file intermediate between the coarsest and the second cut.</cd> -- <col>Bastard type</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>type having the face of a larger or a smaller size than the body; <i>e.g.</i>, a nonpareil face on a brevier body.</cd> -- <col>Bastard wing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>three to five quill feathers on a small joint corresponding to the thumb in some mam malia; the alula.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bastard</h1>
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<hw>Bas"tard</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bastardize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Bastardism</h1>
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<hw>Bas"tard*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a bastard; bastardy.</def>

<h1>Bastardize</h1>
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<hw>Bas"tard*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bastardized</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bastardizing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make or prove to be a bastard; to stigmatize as a bastard; to declare or decide legally to be illegitimate.</def>

<blockquote>The law is so indulgent as not to <b>bastardize</b> the child, if born, though not begotten, in lawful wedlock.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To beget out of wedlock.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bastardly</h1>
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<hw>Bas"tard*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bastardlike; baseborn; spuripous; corrupt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a bastard; spuriously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></def2>

<i>Shak. Donne.</i>

<h1>Bastardy</h1>
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<hw>Bas"tar*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being a bastard; illegitimacy.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The procreation of a bastard child.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Baste</h1>
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<hw>Baste</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Basted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Basting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>beysta</ets> to strike, powder; Sw. <ets>basa</ets> to beat with a rod: perh. akin to E. <ets>beat</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat with a stick; to cudgel.</def>

<blockquote>One man was <b>basted</b> by the keeper for carrying some people
over on his back through the waters.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>To sprinkle flour and salt and drip butter or fat on, as on meat in roasting.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To mark with tar, as sheep.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Baste</h1>
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<hw>Baste</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>basten</ets>, OF. <ets>bastir</ets>, F. <ets>b<?/tir</ets>, prob. fr. OHG. <ets>bestan</ets> to sew, MHG. <ets>besten</ets> to bind, fr. OHG. <ets>bast</ets> bast. See <er>Bast</er>.]</ety> <def>To sew loosely, or with long stitches; -- usually, that the work may be held in position until sewed more firmly.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bastile Bastille</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bas*tile" Bas*tille"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bastille</ets> fortress, OF. <ets>bastir</ets> to build, F. <ets>b<?/tir</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Feud. Fort.)</fld> <def>A tower or an elevated work, used for the defense, or in the siege, of a fortified place.</def>

<blockquote>The high <b>bastiles</b> . . . which overtopped the walls.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>"The Bastille", formerly a castle or fortress in Paris, used as a prison, especially for political offenders; hence, a rhetorical name for a prison.</def>

<h1>Bastinade</h1>
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<hw>Bas`ti*nade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bastinado</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Bastinade</h1>
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<hw>Bas`ti*nade"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bastinado.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Bastinado</h1>
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<hw>Bas`ti*na"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bastinadoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Sp. <ets>bastonada</ets> (cf. F. <ets>bastonnade</ets>), fr. <ets>baston</ets> (cf. F. <ets>b<?/ton</ets>) a stick or staff. See <er>Baston</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A blow with a stick or cudgel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sound beating with a stick or cudgel. Specifically: A form of punishment among the Turks, Chinese, and others, consisting in beating an offender on the soles of his feet.</def>

<h1>Bastinado</h1>
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<hw>Bas`ti*na"do</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bastinadoes</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bastinadoing</er>.] <def>To beat with a stick or cudgel, especially on the soles of the feet.</def>

<h1>Bastion</h1>
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<hw>Bas"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bastion</ets> (cf. It. <ets>bastione</ets>), fr. LL. <ets>bastire</ets> to build (cf. F. <ets>b<?/tir</ets>, It. <ets>bastire</ets>), perh. from the idea of support for a weight, and akin to Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to lift, carry, and to E. <ets>baston</ets>, <ets>baton</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A work projecting outward from the main inclosure of a fortification, consisting of two faces and two flanks, and so constructed that it is able to defend by a flanking fire the adjacent curtain, or wall which extends from one bastion to another. Two adjacent <i>bastions</i> are connected by the <i>curtain</i>, which joins the flank of one with the adjacent flank of the other. The distance between the flanks of a bastion is called the <i>gorge</i>. A <i>lunette</i> is a detached bastion. See <er>Ravelin</er>.</def>

<h1>Bastioned</h1>
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<hw>Bas"tioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with a bastion; having bastions.</def>

<-- p. 124  -->

<h1>Basto</h1>
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<hw>Bas"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>The ace of clubs in qua<?/rille and omber.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Baston</h1>
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<hw>Bas"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>baston</ets>, F. <ets>b<?/ton</ets>, LL. <ets>basto</ets>. See <er>Bastion</er>, and cf. <er>Baton</er>, and 3d <er>Batten</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A staff or cudgel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "To fight with blunt <i>bastons</i>."

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>Baton</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An officer bearing a painted staff, who formerly was in attendance upon the king's court to take into custody persons committed by the court.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Basyle</h1>
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<hw>Bas"yle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> base + <ets><?/</ets> wood. See <er>-yl</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A positive or nonacid constituent of compound, either elementary, or, if compound, performing the functions of an element.</def>

<h1>Basylous</h1>
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<hw>Bas"y*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or having the nature of, a basyle; electro-positive; basic; -- opposed to <i>chlorous</i>.</def>

<i>Graham.</i>

<h1>Bat</h1>
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<hw>Bat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>batte</ets>, <ets>botte</ets>, AS. <ets>batt</ets>; perhaps fr. the Celtic; cf. Ir. <ets>bat</ets>, <ets>bata</ets>, stick, staff; but cf. also F. <ets>batte</ets> a beater (thing), wooden sword, <ets>battre</ets> to beat.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A large stick; a club; specifically, a piece of wood with one end thicker or broader than the other, used in playing baseball, cricket, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Shale or bituminous shale.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sheet of cotton used for filling quilts or comfortables; batting.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A part of a brick with one whole end.</def>

<cs><col>Bat bolt</col> <fld>(Machinery)</fld>, <cd>a bolt barbed or jagged at its butt or tang to make it hold the more firmly.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Bat</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bat</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Batted</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Batting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strike or hit with a bat or a pole; to cudgel; to beat.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Bat</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bat</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To use a bat, as in a game of baseball.</def>

<h1>Bat</h1>
<Xpage=124>

<hw>Bat</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupt. from OE. <ets>back</ets>, <ets>backe</ets>, <ets>balke</ets>; cf. Dan. aften-bakke]/> (<ets>aften evening</ets>), Sw. natt-backa]/> (<ets>natt</ets> night), Icel. le<?/r-blaka]/> (<ets>le<?/r</ets> leather), Icel. <ets>blaka</ets> to flutter.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Cheiroptera, an order of flying mammals, in which the wings are formed by a membrane stretched between the elongated fingers, legs, and tail. The common bats are small and insectivorous. See <er>Cheiroptera</er> and <er>Vampire</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Bat tick</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a wingless, dipterous insect of the genus <spn>Nycteribia</spn>, parasitic on bats.</cd></cs>

<h1>Batable</h1>
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<hw>Bat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. from <ets>debatable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disputable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; The border land between England and Scotland, being formerly a subject of contention, was called <i>batable</i> or <i>debatable</i> ground.</note>

<h1>Batailled</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ailled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Embattled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Batardeau</h1>
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<hw>Ba`tar*deau"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cofferdam.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A wall built across the ditch of a fortification, with a sluice gate to regulate the height of water in the ditch on both sides of the wall.</def>

<h1>Batatas, Batata</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ba*ta"tas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ba*ta"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>An aboriginal American name for the sweet potato (<spn>Ipom\'91a batatas</spn>).</def>

<h1>Batavian</h1>
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<hw>Ba*ta"vi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to <sd>(a)</sd> the Batavi, an ancient Germanic tribe; or to <sd>(b)</sd> <?/atavia or Holland; <as>as, a <ex>Batavian</ex> legion</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Batavian Republic</col>, <cd>the name given to Holland by the French after its conquest in 1795.</cd></cs>

<h1>Batavian</h1>
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<hw>Ba*ta"vi*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Batavia or Holland.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i> Bancroft.</i>

<h1>Batch</h1>
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<hw>Batch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bache</ets>, <ets>bacche</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>bacan</ets> to bake; cf. G. <ets>geb\'84ck</ets> and D. <ets>baksel</ets>. See <er>Bake</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quantity of bread baked at one time.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A quantity of anything produced at one operation; a group or collection of persons or things of the same kind; <as>as, a <ex>batch</ex> of letters; the next <ex>batch</ex> of business.</as></def> "A new <i>batch</i> of Lords."

<i>Lady M. W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Bate</h1>
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<hw>Bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. abbrev. from <ets>debate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Strife; contention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bate</h1>
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<hw>Bate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <ets>abate</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lessen by retrenching, deducting, or reducing; to abate; to beat down; to lower.</def>

<blockquote>He must either <b>bate</b> the laborer's wages, or not employ or not pay him.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To allow by way of abatement or deduction.</def>

<blockquote>To whom he <b>bates</b> nothing or what he stood upon with the parliament.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To leave out; to except.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Bate</b> me the king, and, be he flesh and blood.
He lies that says it.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To remove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>About autumn <b>bate</b> the earth from about the roots of olives, and lay them bare.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To deprive of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When baseness is exalted, do not <b>bate</b>
The place its honor for the person's sake.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bate</h1>
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<hw>Bate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To remit or retrench a part; -- with <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Abate thy speed, and I will <b>bate</b> of mine.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To waste away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bate</h1>
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<hw>Bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To attack; to bait.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bate</h1>
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<hw>Bate</hw>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Bite</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bate</h1>
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<hw>Bate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>battre des ailes</ets> to flutter. Cf. <er>Bait</er> to flutter.]</ety> <def>To flutter as a hawk; to bait.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Bate</h1>
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<hw>Bate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld> <def>See 2d <er>Bath</er>.</def>

<h1>Bate</h1>
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<hw>Bate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>beta</ets> maceration, soaking, G. <ets>beize</ets>, and E. <ets>bite</ets>.]</ety> <def>An alkaline solution consisting of the dung of certain animals; -- employed in the preparation of hides; grainer.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Bate</h1>
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<hw>Bate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To steep in bate, as hides, in the manufacture of leather.</def>

<h1>Bateau</h1>
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<hw>Ba*teau"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bateaux</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>bateau</ets>, LL. <ets>batellus</ets>, fr. <ets>battus</ets>, <ets>batus</ets>, <ets>boa</ets>, which agrees with AS. <ets>b\'bet</ets> boat: cf. W. <ets>bad</ets> boat. See <er>Boat</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A boat; esp. a flat-bottomed, clumsy boat used on the Canadian lakes and rivers.</def> <altsp>[Written also, but less properly, <asp>batteau</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Bateau bridge</col>, <cd>a floating bridge supported by bateaux.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bated</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Reduced; lowered; restrained; <as>as, to speak with <ex>bated</ex> breath</as>.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Bateful</h1>
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<hw>Bate"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Exciting contention; contentious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "It did <i>bateful</i> question frame. "

<i> Sidney.</i>

<h1>Bateless</h1>
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<hw>Bate"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not to be abated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Batement</h1>
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<hw>Bate"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <er>Abatement</er>. See 2d <er>Bate</er>.]</ety> <def>Abatement; diminution.</def>

<i>Moxon.</i>

<cs><col>Batement light</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a window or one division of a window having vertical sides, but with the sill not horizontal, as where it follows the rake of a staircase.</cd></cs>

<h1>Batfish</h1>
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<hw>Bat"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name given to several species of fishes: <sd>(a)</sd> The <i>Malthe vespertilio</i> of the Atlantic coast. <sd>(b)</sd> The flying gurnard of the Atlantic (<spn>Cephalacanthus spinarella</spn>). <sd>(c)</sd> The California batfish or sting ray (<spn>Myliobatis Californicus</spn>.)</def>

<h1>Batfowler</h1>
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<hw>Bat"fowl`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices or finds sport in batfowling.</def>

<h1>Batfowling</h1>
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<hw>Bat"fowl`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bat</er> a stick.]</ety> <def>A mode of catching birds at night, by holding a torch or other light, and beating the bush or perch where they roost. The birds, flying to the light, are caught with nets or otherwise.</def>

<h1>Batful</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>bati</ets> amelioration, <ets>batna</ets> to grow better; akin to AS. <ets>bet</ets> better. Goth. <ets>ga-batnan</ets> to profit. <?/255. Cf. <er>Batten</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, <er>Better</er>.]</ety> <def>Rich; fertile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Batful</i> valleys."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Bath</h1>
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<hw>Bath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Baths</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[AS. <ets>b\'91<?/</ets>; akin to OS. & Icel. <ets>ba<?/</ets>, Sw., Dan., D., & G. <ets>bad</ets>, and perh. to G. <ets>b\'84hen</ets> to foment.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of exposing the body, or part of the body, for purposes of cleanliness, comfort, health, etc., to water, vapor, hot air, or the like; <as>as, a cold or a hot <ex>bath</ex>; a medicated <ex>bath</ex>; a steam <ex>bath</ex>; a hip <ex>bath</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Water or other liquid for bathing.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A receptacle or place where persons may immerse or wash their bodies in water.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A building containing an apartment or a series of apartments arranged for bathing.</def>

<blockquote>Among the ancients, the public <b>baths</b> were of amazing extent and magnificence.
<i>Gwilt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A medium, as heated sand, ashes, steam, hot air, through which heat is applied to a body.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A solution in which plates or prints are immersed; also, the receptacle holding the solution.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Bath</i> is used adjectively or in combination, in an obvious sense <i>of</i> or <i>for baths</i> or <i>bathing</i>; as, <i>bath</i>room, <i>bath</i> tub, <i>bath</i> keeper.</note>

<cs><col>Douche bath</col>. <cd>See <er>Douche</er>.</cd> -- <col>Order of the Bath</col>, <cd>a high order of British knighthood, composed of three classes, viz., knights grand cross, knights commanders, and knights companions, abbreviated thus: G. C. B., K. C. B., K. B.</cd> -- <col>Russian bath</col>, <cd>a kind of vapor bath which consists in a prolonged exposure of the body to the influence of the steam of water, followed by washings and shampooings.</cd> -- <col>Turkish bath</col>, <cd>a kind of bath in which a profuse perspiration is produced by hot air, after which the body is washed and shampooed.</cd> -- <col>Bath house</col>, <cd>a house used for the purpose of bathing; -- also a small house, near a bathing place, where a bather undresses and dresses.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bath</h1>
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<hw>Bath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb.]</ety> <def>A Hebrew measure containing the tenth of a homer, or five gallons and three pints, as a measure for liquids; and two pecks and five quarts, as a dry measure.</def>

<h1>Bath</h1>
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<hw>Bath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A city in the west of England, resorted to for its hot springs, which has given its name to various objects.</def>

<cs><col>Bath brick</col>, <cd>a preparation of calcareous earth, in the form of a brick, used for cleaning knives, polished metal, etc.</cd> -- <col>Bath chair</col>, <cd>a kind of chair on wheels, as used by invalids at Bath.</cd> "People walked out, or drove out, or were pushed out in their <i>Bath chairs<i>." <i>Dickens</i>. -- <col>Bath metal</col>, <cd>an alloy consisting of four and a half ounces of zinc and one pound of copper.</cd> -- <col>Bath note</col>, <cd>a folded writing paper, 8 1/2 by 14 inches.</cd> -- <col>Bath stone</col>, <cd>a species of limestone (o\'94lite) found near Bath, used for building.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bathe</h1>
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<hw>Bathe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bathed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bathing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ba<?/ien</ets>, AS. <ets>ba<?/ian</ets>, fr. <ets>b\'91<?/</ets> bath. See 1st <er>Bath</er>, and cf. <er>Bay</er> to bathe.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wash by immersion, as in a bath; to subject to a bath.</def>

<blockquote>Chancing to <b>bathe</b> himself in the River Cydnus.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lave; to wet.</def> "The lake which <i>bathed</i> the foot of the Alban mountain."

<i>T. Arnold.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To moisten or suffuse with a liquid.</def>

<blockquote>And let us <b>bathe</b> our hands in C\'91sar's blood.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To apply water or some liquid medicament to; <as>as, to <ex>bathe</ex> the eye with warm water or with sea water; to <ex>bathe</ex> one's forehead with camphor.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To surround, or envelop, as water surrounds a person immersed.</def>  "The rosy shadows <i>bathe</i> me. " <i>Tennyson</i>. "The bright sunshine <i>bathing</i> all the world." <i>Longfellow</i>.

<h1>Bathe</h1>
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<hw>Bathe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bathe one's self; to take a bath or baths.</def> "They <i>bathe</i> in summer."

<i>Waller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To immerse or cover one's self, as in a bath.</def> "To <i>bathe</i> in fiery floods." <i>Shak</i>. "<i>Bathe</i> in the dimples of her cheek." <i>Lloyd</i>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bask in the sun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bathe</h1>
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<hw>Bathe</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The immersion of the body in water; as to take one's usual <i>bathe</i>.</def>

<i>Edin. Rev.</i>

<h1>Bather</h1>
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<hw>Bath"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bathes.</def>

<h1>Bathetic</h1>
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<hw>Ba*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the character of bathos.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Bathing</h1>
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<hw>Bath"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of taking a bath or baths.</def>

<cs><col>Bathing machine</col>, <cd>a small room on wheels, to be driven into the water, for the convenience of bathers, who undress and dress therein.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bathmism</h1>
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<hw>Bath"mism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Vital force</er>.</def>

<h1>Bathometer</h1>
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<hw>Ba*thom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> depth + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring depths, esp. one for taking soundings without a sounding line.</def>

<h1>Bathorse</h1>
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<hw>Bat"horse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b<?/t</ets> packsaddle (cheval de <ets>b<?/t</ets> packhorse) + E. <ets>horse</ets>. See <er>Bastard</er>.]</ety> <def>A horse which carries an officer's baggage during a campaign.</def>

<h1>Bathos</h1>
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<hw>Ba"thos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> depth, fr. <ets><?/</ets> deep.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A ludicrous descent from the elevated to the low, in writing or speech; anticlimax.</def>

<h1>Bathybius</h1>
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<hw>Ba*thyb"i*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> deep + <ets><?/</ets> life]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name given by Prof. Huxley to a gelatinous substance found in mud dredged from the Atlantic and preserved in alcohol. He supposed that it was free living protoplasm, covering a large part of the ocean bed. It is now known that the substance is of chemical, not of organic, origin.</def>

<h1>Bathymetric, Bathymetrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bath`y*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bath`y*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to bathymetry; relating to the measurement of depths, especially of depths in the sea.</def>

<h1>Bathymetry</h1>
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<hw>Ba*thym"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> depth + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or science of sounding, or measuring depths in the sea.</def>

<h1>Bating</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[Strictly p. pr. of <er>Bat<?/</er> to abate.]</ety> <def>With the exception of; excepting.</def>

<blockquote>We have little reason to think that they bring many ideas with them, <b>bating</b> some faint ideas of hunger and thirst.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Batiste</h1>
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<hw>Ba*tiste"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>batiste</ets>, from the name of the alleged first maker, <ets>Baptiste</ets> of Cambrai. <ets>Littr\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Originally, cambric or lawn of fine linen; now applied also to cloth of similar texture made of cotton.</def>

<h1>Batlet</h1>
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<hw>Bat"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bat</ets> stick + <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <def>A short bat for beating clothes in washing them; -- called also <altname>batler</altname>, <altname>batling staff</altname>, <altname>batting staff</altname>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Batman</h1>
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<hw>Bat"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk. <ets>batman</ets>.]</ety> <def>A weight used in the East, varying according to the locality; in Turkey, the greater batman is about 157 pounds, the lesser only a fourth of this; at Aleppo and Smyrna, the batman is 17 pounds.</def>

<i> Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Batman</h1>
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<hw>Bat"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Batmen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>b<?/t</ets> packsaddle + E. <ets>man</ets>. Cf. <er>Bathorse</er>.]</ety> <def>A man who has charge of a bathorse and his load.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Batoidei</h1>
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<hw>Ba*toi"de*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a kind of ray + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of fishes which includes the rays and skates.</def>

<h1>Baton</h1>
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<hw>Bat"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b<?/ton</ets>. See <er>Baston</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A staff or truncheon, used for various purposes; <as>as, the <ex>baton</ex> of a field marshal; the <ex>baton</ex> of a conductor in musical performances.</as></def>

<blockquote>He held the <b>baton</b> of command.
<i> Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>An ordinary with its ends cut off, borne sinister as a mark of bastardy, and containing one fourth in breadth of the bend sinister; -- called also <altname>bastard bar</altname>. See <er>Bend sinister</er>.</def>

<h1>Batoon</h1>
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<hw>Ba*toon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Baton</er>, and <er>Baston</er>.</def>

<h1>Bat printing</h1>
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<hw>Bat" print`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Ceramics)</fld> <def>A mode of printing on glazed ware.</def>

<h1>Batrachia</h1>
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<hw>Ba*tra"chi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> belonging to a frog, fr. <ets><?/</ets> frog.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The order of amphibians which includes the frogs and toads; the Anura. Sometimes the word is used in a wider sense as equivalent to Amphibia.</def>

<h1>Batrachian</h1>
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<hw>Ba*tra"chi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Batrachia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>One of the Batrachia.</def></def2>

<h1>Batrachoid</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ra*choid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Batrachia</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Froglike. Specifically: Of or pertaining to the <spn>Batrachid\'91</spn>, a family of marine fishes, including the toadfish. Some have poisonous dorsal spines.</def>

<h1>Batrachomyomachy</h1>
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<hw>Bat`ra*cho*my*om"a*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> frog + <ets><?/</ets> mouse + <ets><?/</ets> battle.]</ety> <def>The battle between the frogs and mice; -- a Greek parody on the Iliad, of uncertain authorship.</def>

<h1>Batrachophagous</h1>
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<hw>Bat`ra*choph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> frog + <ets><?/</ets> to eat.]</ety> <def>Feeding on frogs.</def>

<i> Quart. Rev.</i>

<h1>Batsman</h1>
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<hw>Bats"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Batsmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The one who wields the bat in cricket, baseball, etc.</def>
<-- in baseball, usu. called the batter. -->

<h1>Bat's-wing or Batwing</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bat's"-wing"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> or <hw>Bat"wing</hw><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shaped like a bat's wing; <as>as, a <ex>bat's-wing</ex> burner</as>.</def>

<h1>Batta</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. through Pg. for Canarese <ets>bhatta</ets> rice in the husk.]</ety> <def>Extra pay; esp. an extra allowance to an English officer serving in India.</def>

<i> Whitworth.</i>

<-- p. 125  -->

<h1>Batta</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>ba<?/<?/a</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rate of exchange; also, the discount on uncurrent coins.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Battable</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Batful</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of culti<?/ation; fertile; productive; fattening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Battailant</h1>
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<hw>Bat"tail*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bataillant</ets>, <tt>p. pr.</tt> See <er>Battle</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> ]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>Prepared for battle; combatant; warlike.</def> <i>Spenser</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A combatant.</def></def2>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Battailous</h1>
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<hw>Bat"tail*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bataillos</ets>, fr. <ets>bataille</ets>. See <er>Battle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Arrayed for battle; fit or eager for battle; warlike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "In <i>battailous</i> aspect."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Battalia</h1>
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<hw>Bat*tal"ia</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>battalia</ets> battle, a body of troops. See <er>Battle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Order of battle; disposition or arrangement of troops (brigades, regiments, battalions, etc.), or of a naval force, for action.</def>

<blockquote>A drawing up the armies in <b>battalia</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An army in battle array; also, the main battalia or body.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Battalion</h1>
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<hw>Bat*tal"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bataillon</ets>, fr. It. <ets>battaglione</ets>. See <er>Battalia</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A body of troops; esp. a body of troops or an army in battle array.</def> "The whole <i>battalion</i> views."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A regiment, or two or more companies of a regiment, esp. when assembled for drill or battle.</def>

<h1>Battalion</h1>
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<hw>Bat*tal"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form into battalions.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Battel</h1>
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<hw>Bat"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Obs. form. of <er>Battle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A single combat; <as>as, trial by <ex>battel</ex></as>. See <cref>Wager of battel</cref>, under <er>Wager</er>.</def>

<h1>Battel</h1>
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<hw>Bat"tel</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain etymology.]</ety> <def>Provisions ordered from the buttery; also, the charges for them; -- only in the <pluf>pl.</pluf>, except when used adjectively.</def> <mark>[Univ. of Oxford, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Battel</h1>
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<hw>Bat"tel</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be supplied with provisions from the buttery.</def> <mark>[Univ. of Oxford, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Battel</h1>
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<hw>Bat"tel</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Batful</er>, <er>Batten</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>To make fertile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "To <i>battel</i> barren land."

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Battel</h1>
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<hw>Bat"tel</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fertile; fruitful; productive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>battel</b> soil for grain, for pasture good.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Batteler, Battler</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bat"tel*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bat"tler</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Battel</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A student at Oxford who is supplied with provisions from the buttery; formerly, one who paid for nothing but what he called for, answering nearly to a sizar at Cambridge.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Batten</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Battened</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Battening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Batful</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make fat by plenteous feeding; to fatten.</def> "<i>Battening</i> our flocks."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fertilize or enrich, as land.</def>

<h1>Batten</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ten</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow fat; to grow fat in ease and luxury; to glut one's self.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>The pampered monarch lay <b>battening</b> in ease.
<i> Garth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Skeptics, with a taste for carrion, who <b>batten</b> on the hideous facts in history, -- persecutions, inquisitions.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Batten</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ten</hw>, <tt>n .</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b<?/ton</ets> stick, staff. See <er>Baton</er>.]</ety> <def>A strip of sawed stuff, or a scantling; <as>as, <sd>(a)</sd> <ex>pl</ex></as>. <fld>(Com. & Arch.)</fld> Sawed timbers about 7 by 2 1/2 inches and not less than 6 feet long. <i>Brande & C</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> A strip of wood used in fastening the edges of a tarpaulin to the deck, also around masts to prevent chafing. <sd>(c)</sd> A long, thin strip used to strengthen a part, to cover a crack, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Batten door</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a door made of boards of the whole length of the door, secured by battens nailed crosswise.</cd></cs>

<h1>Batten</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ten</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish or fasten with battens.</def>

<cs><col>To batten down</col>, <cd>to fasten down with battens, as the tarpaulin over the hatches of a ship during a storm.</cd></cs>

<h1>Batten</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ten</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>battant</ets>. See <er>Batter</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>The movable bar of a loom, which strikes home or closes the threads of a woof.</def>

<h1>Battening</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ten*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Furring done with small pieces nailed directly upon the wall.</def>

<h1>Batter</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Battered</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Battering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bateren</ets>, OF. <ets>batre</ets>, F. <ets>battre</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>battere</ets>, for L. <ets>batuere</ets> to strike, beat; of unknown origin. Cf. <er>Abate</er>, <er>Bate</er> to abate.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat with successive blows; to beat repeatedly and with violence, so as to bruise, shatter, or demolish; <as>as, to <ex>batter</ex> a wall or rampart</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wear or impair as if by beating or by hard usage.</def> "Each <i>battered</i> jade."

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Metallurgy)</fld> <def>To flatten (metal) by hammering, so as to compress it inwardly and spread it outwardly.</def>

<h1>Batter</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>batere</ets>, <ets>batire</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>bateure</ets>, <ets>bature</ets>, a beating. See <er>Batter</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A semi-liquid mixture of several ingredients, <as>as, flour, eggs, milk, etc.</as> , beaten together and used in cookery.</def>

<i>King.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Paste of clay or loam.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <def>A bruise on the face of a plate or of type in the form.</def>

<h1>Batter</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A backward slope in the face of a wall or of a bank; receding slope.</def>

<cs><col>Batter rule</col>, <cd>an instrument consisting of a rule or frame, and a plumb line, by which the batter or slope of a wall is regulated in building.</cd></cs>

<h1>Batter</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>To slope gently backward.</def>

<h1>Batter</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who wields a bat; a batsman.</def>

<h1>Batterer</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, batters.</def>

<h1>Battering-ram</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ter*ing-ram`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>1. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> An engine used in ancient times to beat down the walls of besieged places.</def>

<note>&hand; It was a large beam, with a head of iron, which was sometimes made to resemble the head of a ram. It was suspended by ropes t a beam supported by posts, and so balanced as to swing backward and forward, and was impelled by men against the wall.</note>

<i>Grose.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A blacksmith's hammer, suspended, and worked horizontally.</def>

<h1>Battering train</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ter*ing train`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A train of artillery for siege operations.</def>

<h1>Battery</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Batteries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>batterie</ets>, fr. <ets>battre</ets>. See <er>Batter</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of battering or beating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The unlawful beating of another. It includes every willful, angry and violent, or negligent touching of another's person or clothes, or anything attached to his person or held by him.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any place where cannon or mortars are mounted, for attack or defense.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Two or more pieces of artillery in the field.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A company or division of artillery, including the gunners, guns, horses, and all equipments. In the United States, a battery of flying artillery consists usually of six guns.</def>

<cs><col>Barbette battery</col>. <cd>See <er>Barbette</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Battery d'enfilade</col>, or <col>Enfilading battery</col></mcol>, <cd>one that sweeps the whole length of a line of troops or part of a work.</cd> -- <col>Battery en \'82charpe</col>, <cd>one that plays obliquely.</cd> -- <col>Battery gun</col>, <cd>a gun capable of firing a number, of shots simultaneously or successively without stopping to load.</cd> -- <col>Battery wagon</col>, <cd>a wagon employed to transport the tools and materials for repair of the carriages, etc., of the battery.</cd> -- <col>In battery</col>, <cd>projecting, as a gun, into an embrasure or over a parapet in readiness for firing.</cd> -- <col>Masked battery</col>, <cd>a battery artificially concealed until required to open upon the enemy.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Out of battery</col>, or <col>From battery</col></mcol>, <cd>withdrawn, as a gun, to a position for loading.</cd></cs>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A number of coated jars (Leyden jars) so connected that they may be charged and discharged simultaneously.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An apparatus for generating voltaic electricity.</def>

<note>&hand; In the <i>trough battery</i>, copper and zinc plates, connected in pairs, divide the trough into cells, which are filled with an acid or oxidizing liquid; the effect is exhibited when wires connected with the two end-plates are brought together. In <i>Daniell's battery</i>, the metals are zinc and copper, the former in dilute sulphuric acid, or a solution of sulphate of zinc, the latter in a saturated solution of sulphate of copper. A modification of this is the common <i>gravity battery</i>, so called from the automatic action of the two fluids, which are separated by their specific gravities. In <i>Grove's battery</i>, platinum is the metal used with zinc; two fluids are used, one of them in a porous cell surrounded by the other. In <i>Bunsen's</i> or the <i>carbon battery</i>, the carbon of gas coke is substituted for the platinum of Grove's. In <i>Leclanch\'82's battery</i>, the elements are zinc in a solution of ammonium chloride, and gas carbon surrounded with manganese dioxide in a porous cell. A <i>secondary battery</i> is a battery which usually has the two plates of the same kind, generally of lead, in dilute sulphuric acid, and which, when traversed by an electric current, becomes charged, and is then capable of giving a current of itself for a time, owing to chemical changes produced by the charging current. A <i>storage battery</i> is a kind of secondary battery used for accumulating and storing the energy of electrical charges or currents, usually by means of chemical work done by them; an accumulator.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A number of similar machines or devices in position; an apparatus consisting of a set of similar parts; <as>as, a battery of boilers, of retorts, condensers, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Metallurgy)</fld> <def>A series of stamps operated by one motive power, for crushing ores containing the precious metals.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The box in which the stamps for crushing ore play up and down.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>The pitcher and catcher together.</def>

<h1>Batting</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who bats; the management of a bat in playing games of ball.</def>

<i>Mason.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cotton in sheets, prepared for use in making quilts, etc.; <as>as, cotton <ex>batting</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Battle</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fertile. See <er>Battel</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Battle</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"tle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bataille</ets>, <ets>bataile</ets>, F. <ets>bataille</ets> battle, OF., battle, battalion, fr. L. <ets>battalia</ets>, <ets>battualia</ets>, the fighting and fencing exercises of soldiers and gladiators, fr. <ets>batuere</ets> to strike, beat. Cf. <er>Battalia</er>, 1st <er>Battel</er>, and see <er>Batter</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A general action, fight, or encounter, in which all the divisions of an army are or may be engaged; an engagement; a combat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A struggle; a contest; <as>as, the <ex>battle</ex> of life</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The whole intellectual <b>battle</b> that had at its center the best poem of the best poet of that day.
<i>H. Morley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A division of an army; a battalion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The king divided his army into three <b>battles</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The cavalry, by way of distinction, was called the <b>battle</b>, and on it alone depended the fate of every action.
<i>Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The main body, as distinct from the van and rear; battalia.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hayward.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Battle</i> is used adjectively or as the first part of a self-explaining compound; as, <i>battle</i> brand, a "brand" or sword used in battle; <i>battle</i> cry; <i>battle</i>field; <i>battle</i> ground; <i>battle</i>array; <i>battle</i> song.</note>

<cs><col>Battle piece</col>, <cd>a painting, or a musical composition, representing a battle.</cd> -- <col>Battle royal</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A fight between several gamecocks, where the one that stands longest is the victor. <i>Grose<i>. <sd>(b)</sd> A contest with fists or cudgels in which more than two are engaged; a m\'88l\'82e. <i>Thackeray<i>.</cd> -- <col>Drawn battle</col>, <cd>one in which neither party gains the victory.</cd> -- <col>To give battle</col>, <cd>to attack an enemy.</cd> -- <col>To join battle</col>, <cd>to meet the attack; to engage in battle.</cd> -- <col>Pitched battle</col>, <cd>one in which the armies are previously drawn up in form, with a regular disposition of the forces.</cd> -- <col>Wager of battle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Wager</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Conflict; encounter; contest; action.</syn> <usage> <er>Battle</er>, <er>Combat</er>, <er>Fight</er>, <er>Engagement</er>. These words agree in denoting a close encounter between contending parties. <i>Fight</i> is a word of less dignity than the others. Except in poetry, it is more naturally applied to the encounter of a few individuals, and more commonly an accidental one; as, a street <i>fight</i>. A <i>combat</i> is a close encounter, whether between few or many, and is usually premeditated. A <i>battle</i> is commonly more general and prolonged. An <i>engagement</i> supposes large numbers on each side, <i>engaged</i> or intermingled in the conflict.</usage>

<h1>Battle</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Battled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Battling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>batailler</ets>, fr. <ets>bataille</ets>. See <er>Battle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To join in battle; to contend in fight; <as>as, to battle over theories</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To meet in arms, and <b>battle</b> in the plain.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Battle</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"tle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To assail in battle; to fight.</def>

<h1>Battle-ax  Battle-axe</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw><hw>Bat"tle-ax`</hw>  <hw>Bat"tle-axe`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A kind of broadax formerly used as an offensive weapon.</def>

<h1>Battled</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"tled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Embattled.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Battledoor</h1>
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<hw>Bat"tle*door`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>batyldour</ets>. A corrupted form of uncertain origin; cf. Sp. <ets>batallador</ets> a great combatant, he who has fought many battles, Pg. <ets>batalhador</ets>, Pr. <ets>batalhador</ets>, warrior, soldier, fr. L. <ets>battalia</ets>; or cf. Pr. <ets>batedor</ets> batlet, fr. <ets>batre</ets> to beat, fr. L. <ets>batuere</ets>. See <er>Battle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument, with a handle and a flat part covered with parchment or crossed with catgut, used to strike a shuttlecock in play; also, the play of battledoor and shuttlecock.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[OE. <ets>battleder</ets>.]</ety> <def>A child's hornbook.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Battlement</h1>
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<hw>Bat"tle*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>batelment</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>bataillement</ets> combat, fr. <ets>batailler</ets>, also OF. bastillier, bateillier, to fortify. Cf. <er>Battle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Bastile</er>, <er>Bastion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the solid upright parts of a parapet in ancient fortifications.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>pl. The whole parapet, consisting of alternate solids and open spaces. At first purely a military feature, afterwards copied on a smaller scale with decorative features, as for churches.</def>

<h1>Battlemented</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"tle*ment*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having battlements.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>battlemented</b> portal.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Battologist</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who battologizes.</def>

<h1>Battologize</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat*tol"o*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To keep repeating needlessly; to iterate.</def>

<i> Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Battology</h1>
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<hw>Bat*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>battologie</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> a stammerer + <ets><?/</ets> speech.]</ety> <def>A needless repetition of words in speaking or writing.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Batton</h1>
<Xpage=125>

<hw>Bat"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Batten</er>, and <er>Baton</er>.</def>

<h1>Battue</h1>
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<hw>Bat"tue`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>battue</ets>, fr. <ets>battre</ets> to beat. See <er>Batter</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Battuta</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Hunting)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of beating the woods, bushes, etc., for game.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The game itself.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The wanton slaughter of game.</def>

<i>Howitt.</i>

<h1>Batture</h1>
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<hw>Bat`ture"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>battre</ets> to beat. ]</ety> <def>An elevated river bed or sea bed.</def>

<h1>Battuta</h1>
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<hw>Bat*tu"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>battuta</ets>, fr. <ets>battere</ets> to beat.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The measuring of time by beating.</def>

<h1>Batty</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, a bat.</def> "<i>Batty</i> wings."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Batule</h1>
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<hw>Bat"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A springboard in a circus or gymnasium; -- called also <altname>batule board</altname>.</def>

<h1>Batz</h1>
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<hw>Batz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Batzen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Ger. <ets>batz</ets>, <ets>batze</ets>, <ets>batzen</ets>, a coin bearing the image of a bear, Ger. <ets>b\'84tz</ets>, <ets>betz</ets>, bear.]</ety> <def>A small copper coin, with a mixture of silver, formerly current in some parts of Germany and Switzerland. It was worth about four cents.</def>

<h1>Baubee</h1>
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<hw>Bau*bee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bawbee</er>.</def>

<h1>Bauble</h1>
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<hw>Bau"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>baubel</ets> a child's plaything, F. <ets>babiole</ets>, It. <ets>babbola</ets>, LL. <ets>baubellum</ets> gem, jewel, L. <ets>babulus</ets>,<ets>a baburrus</ets>, foolish.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A trifling piece of finery; a gewgaw; that which is gay and showy without real value; a cheap, showy plaything.</def>

<blockquote>The ineffective <b>bauble</b> of an Indian pagod.
<i>Sheridan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fool's club.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "A <i>fool's bauble</i> was a short stick with a head ornamented with an ass's ears fantastically carved upon it."

<i> Nares.</i>

<h1>Baubling</h1>
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<hw>Bau"bling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, a. See <er>Bawbling</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Baudekin</h1>
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<hw>Bau"de*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bawdekin</ets> rich silk stuff, OF. <ets>baudequin</ets>. See <er>Baldachin</er>.]</ety> <def>The richest kind of stuff used in garments in the Middle Ages, the web being gold, and the woof silk, with embroidery : -- made originally at Bagdad.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>baudkin</asp>, <asp>baudkyn</asp>, <asp>bawdekin</asp>, and <asp>baldakin</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Baudrick</h1>
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<hw>Bau"drick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A belt. See <er>Baldric</er>.</def>

<h1>Bauk, Baulk</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bauk</hw>, <hw>Baulk</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Balk</er>.</def>

<h1>Baunscheidtism</h1>
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<hw>Baun"scheidt*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the introducer, a German named <ets>Baunscheidt</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A form of acupuncture, followed by the rubbing of the part with a stimulating fluid.</def>

<h1>Bauxite, Beauxite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Baux"ite</hw>, <hw>Beaux"ite</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>Baux</ets> or <ets>Beaux</ets>, near Arles.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A ferruginous hydrate of alumina. It is largely used in the preparation of aluminium and alumina, and for the lining of furnaces which are exposed to intense heat.</def>

<h1>Bavarian</h1>
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<hw>Ba*va"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Bavaria.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native or an inhabitant of Bavaria.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Bavarian cream</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cream</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bavaroy</h1>
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<hw>Bav"a*roy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>Bavarois</ets> Bavarian.]</ety> <def>A kind of cloak or surtout.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Johnson.</i>

<blockquote>Let the looped <b>bavaroy</b> the fop embrace.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 126  -->

<h1>Bavian</h1>
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<hw>Ba"vi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Baboon</er>.]</ety> <def>A baboon.</def>

<h1>Bavin</h1>
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<hw>Bav"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gael. & Ir. <ets>baban</ets> tuft, tassel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fagot of brushwood, or other light combustible matter, for kindling fires; refuse of brushwood.</def> <mark>[Obs. or <i>Dial</i>. <i>Eng</i>.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Impure limestone.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Bawbee</h1>
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<hw>Baw*bee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. corrupt. fr. <ets>halfpenny</ets>.]</ety> <def>A halfpenny.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>baubee</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Bawble</h1>
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<hw>Baw"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A trinket. See <er>Bauble</er>.</def>

<h1>Bawbling</h1>
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<hw>Baw"bling</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Insignificant; contemptible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bawcock</h1>
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<hw>Baw"cock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From F. <ets>beau</ets> fine + E. <ets>cock</ets> (the bird); or more prob. fr. OF. <ets>baud</ets> bold, gay + E. <ets>cock</ets>. Cf. <er>Bawd</er>.]</ety> <def>A fine fellow; -- a term of endearment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "How now, my <i>bawcock</i> ?"

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bawd</h1>
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<hw>Bawd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>baude</ets>, OF. <ets>balt</ets>, <ets>baut</ets>, <ets>baude</ets>, bold, merry, perh. fr. OHG. <ets>bald</ets> bold; or fr. Celtic, cf. W. <ets>baw</ets> dirt. Cf. <er>Bold</er>, <er>Bawdry</er>.]</ety> <def>A person who keeps a house of prostitution, or procures women for a lewd purpose; a procurer or procuress; a lewd person; -- usually applied to a woman.</def>

<h1>Bawd</h1>
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<hw>Bawd</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To procure women for lewd purposes.</def>

<h1>Bawdily</h1>
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<hw>Bawd"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Obscenely; lewdly.</def>

<h1>Bawdiness</h1>
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<hw>Bawd"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Obscenity; lewdness.</def>

<h1>Bawdrick</h1>
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<hw>Bawd"rick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A belt. See <er>Baldric</er>.</def>

<h1>Bawdry</h1>
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<hw>Bawd"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>baudery</ets>, OF. <ets>bauderie</ets>, <ets>balderie</ets>, boldness, joy. See <er>Bawd</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The practice of procuring women for the gratification of lust.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Illicit intercourse; fornication.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Obscenity; filthy, unchaste language.</def> "The pert style of the pit <i>bawdry</i>."

<i>Steele.</i>

<h1>Bawdy</h1>
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<hw>Bawd"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dirty; foul; -- said of clothes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It [a garment] is al <b>bawdy</b> and to-tore also.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Obscene; filthy; unchaste.</def> "A <i>bawdy</i> story."

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Bawdyhouse</h1>
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<hw>Baw"dy*house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house of prostitution; a house of ill fame; a brothel.</def>

<h1>Bawhorse</h1>
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<hw>Baw"horse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bathorse</er>.</def>

<h1>Bawl</h1>
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<hw>Bawl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bawled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bawling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Icel. <ets>baula</ets> to low, bellow, as a cow; akin to Sw. <ets>b\'94la</ets>; cf. AS <ets>bellan</ets>, G. <ets>bellen</ets> to bark, E. <ets>bellow</ets>, <ets>bull</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cry out with a loud, full sound; to cry with vehemence, as in calling or exultation; to shout; to vociferate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cry loudly, as a child from pain or vexation.</def>

<h1>Bawl</h1>
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<hw>Bawl</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To proclaim with a loud voice, or by outcry, as a hawker or town-crier does.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Bawl</h1>
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<hw>Bawl</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A loud, prolonged cry; an outcry.</def>

<h1>Bawler</h1>
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<hw>Bawl"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bawls.</def>

<h1>Bawn</h1>
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<hw>Bawn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. & Gael. <ets>babhun</ets> inclosure, bulwark.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inclosure with mud or stone walls, for keeping cattle; a fortified inclosure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A large house.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Bawrel</h1>
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<hw>Baw"rel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>barletta</ets> a tree falcon, or hobby.]</ety> <def>A kind of hawk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Bawsin, Bawson</h1>
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<hw><hw>Baw"sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Baw"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bawson</ets>, <ets>baucyne</ets>, badger (named from its color), OF. <ets>bauzan</ets>, <ets>baucant</ets>, <ets>bauchant</ets>, spotted with white, pied; cf. It. <ets>balzano</ets>, F. <ets>balzan</ets>, a white-footed horse, It. <ets>balza</ets> border, trimming, fr. L. <ets>balteus</ets> belt, border, edge. Cf. Belt.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A badger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A large, unwieldy person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Baxter</h1>
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<hw>Bax"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bakestre</ets>, <ets>bakistre</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'91cestre</ets>, prop. fem. of <ets>b\'91cere</ets> baker. See <er>Baker</er>.]</ety> <def>A baker; originally, a female baker.</def> <mark>[Old Eng. & Scotch]</mark>

<h1>Bay</h1>
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<hw>Bay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bai</ets>, fr. L. <ets>badius</ets> brown, chestnutcolored; -- used only of horses.]</ety> <def>Reddish brown; of the color of a chestnut; -- applied to the color of horses.</def>

<cs><col>Bay cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a wild cat of Africa and the East Indies (<spn>Felis aurata</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Bay lynx</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American lynx (<spn>Felis, or Lynx, rufa</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Bay</h1>
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<hw>Bay</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>baie</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>baia</ets>. Of uncertain origin: cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>badh</ets> or <ets>bagh</ets> bay harbor, creek; Bisc. <ets>baia</ets>, <ets>baiya</ets>, harbor, and F. <ets>bayer</ets> to gape, open the mouth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An inlet of the sea, usually smaller than a gulf, but of the same general character.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is not used with much precision, and is often applied to large tracts of water, around which the land forms a curve; as, Hudson's <i>Bay</i>. The name is not restricted to tracts of water with a narrow entrance, but is used foe any recess or inlet between capes or headlands; as, the <i>Bay</i> of Biscay.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small body of water set off from the main body; as a compartment containing water for a wheel; the portion of a canal just outside of the gates of a lock, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A recess or indentation shaped like a bay.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A principal compartment of the walls, roof, or other part of a building, or of the whole building, as marked off by the buttresses, vaulting, mullions of a window, etc.; one of the main divisions of any structure, as the part of a bridge between two piers.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A compartment in a barn, for depositing hay, or grain in the stalks.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A kind of mahogany obtained from Campeachy Bay.</def>

<cs><col>Sick bay</col>, <cd>in vessels of war, that part of a deck appropriated to the use of the sick.</cd></cs>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Bay</h1>
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<hw>Bay</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>baie</ets> a berry, the fruit of the laurel and other trees, fr. L. <ets>baca</ets>, <ets>bacca</ets>, a small round fruit, a berry, akin to Lith. <ets>bapka</ets> laurel berry.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A berry, particularly of the laurel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The laurel tree (<spn>Laurus nobilis</spn>). Hence, in the plural, an honorary garland or crown bestowed as a prize for victory or excellence, anciently made or consisting of branches of the laurel.</def>

<blockquote>The patriot's honors and the poet's <b>bays</b>.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A tract covered with bay trees.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Bay leaf</col>, <cd>the leaf of the bay tree (<spn>Laurus nobilis</spn>). It has a fragrant odor and an aromatic taste.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bay</h1>
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<hw>Bay</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bayed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Baying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[ OE. <ets>bayen</ets>, <ets>abayen</ets>, OF. <ets>abaier</ets>, F. <ets>aboyer</ets>, to bark; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>To bark, as a dog with a deep voice does, at his game.</def>

<blockquote>The hounds at nearer distance hoarsely <b>bayed</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bay</h1>
<Xpage=126>

<hw>Bay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bark at; hence, to follow with barking; to bring or drive to bay; <as>as, to bay the bear</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bay</h1>
<Xpage=126>

<hw>Bay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bay</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Deep-toned, prolonged barking.</def> "The <i>bay</i> of curs."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[OE. <ets>bay</ets>, <ets>abay</ets>, OF. <ets>abai</ets>, F. <ets>aboi</ets> barking, pl. <ets>abois</ets>, prop. the extremity to which the stag is reduced when surrounded by the dogs, barking (<ets>aboyant</ets>); <ets>aux abois</ets> at bay.]</ety> <def>A state of being obliged to face an antagonist or a difficulty, when escape has become impossible.</def>

<blockquote>Embolden'd by despair, he stood at <b>bay</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The most terrible evils are just kept at <b>bay</b> by incessant efforts.
<i>I. Taylor</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bay</h1>
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<hw>Bay</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>b\'91wen</ets> to bathe, and G. <ets>b\'84hen</ets> to foment.]</ety> <def>To bathe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bay</h1>
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<hw>Bay</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bank or dam to keep back water.</def>

<h1>Bay</h1>
<Xpage=126>

<hw>Bay</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dam, as water; -- with <i>up</i> or <i>back</i>.</def>

<h1>Baya</h1>
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<hw>Ba"ya</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The East Indian weaver bird (<spn>Ploceus Philippinus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bayad, Bayatte</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ba*yad"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ba*yatte"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>bayad</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, edible, siluroid fish of the Nile, of two species (<spn>Bagrina bayad</spn> and <spn>B. docmac</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bayadere</h1>
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<hw>Ba`ya*dere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from Pg. <ets>bailadeira</ets> a female dancer, <ets>bailar</ets> to dance.]</ety> <def>A female dancer in the East Indies.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bajadere</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bay-antler</h1>
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<hw>Bay"-ant`ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bez-Antler</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The second tine of a stag's horn. See under <er>Antler</er>.</def>

<h1>Bayard</h1>
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<hw>Bay"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <ety>[OF. <ets>bayard</ets>, <ets>baiart</ets>, bay horse; <ets>bai</ets> bay + <ets>-ard</ets>. See <er>Bay</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>-ard</er>.]</ety> <def>Properly, a bay horse, but often any horse. Commonly in the phrase <i>blind bayard</i>, an old blind horse.</def>

<blockquote>Blind <b>bayard</b> moves the mill.
<i>Philips.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bayeur</ets>, fr. <ets>bayer</ets> to gape.]</ety> <def>A stupid, clownish fellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Bayardly</h1>
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<hw>Bay"ard*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Blind; stupid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "A formal and <i>bayardly</i> round of duties."

<i>Goodman.</i>

<h1>Bayberry</h1>
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<hw>Bay"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fruit of the bay tree or <spn>Laurus nobilis</spn>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tree of the West Indies related to the myrtle (<spn>Pimenta acris</spn>).</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The fruit of <spn>Myrica cerifera</spn> (wax myrtle); the shrub itself; -- called also <altname>candleberry tree</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Bayberry tallow</col>, <cd>a fragrant green wax obtained from the bayberry or wax myrtle; -- called also <altname>myrtle wax</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Baybolt</h1>
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<hw>Bay"bolt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bolt with a barbed shank.</def>

<h1>Bayed</h1>
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<hw>Bayed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a bay or bays.</def> "The large <i>bayed</i> barn."

<i> Drayton.</i>

<h1>Bay ice</h1>
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<hw>Bay" ice`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Ice</er>.</def>

<h1>Bay leaf</h1>
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<hw>Bay" leaf`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under 3d <er>Bay</er>.</def>

<h1>Bayonet</h1>
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<hw>Bay"o*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bayonnette</ets>, <ets>ba\'8bonnette</ets>; -- so called, it is said, because the first bayonets were made at Bayonne.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A pointed instrument of the dagger kind fitted on the muzzle of a musket or rifle, so as to give the soldier increased means of offense and defense.</def>

<note>&hand; Originally, the bayonet was made with a handle, which required to be fitted into the bore of the musket after the soldier had fired.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A pin which plays in and out of holes made to receive it, and which thus serves to engage or disengage parts of the machinery.</def>

<cs><col>Bayonet clutch</col>. <cd>See <er>Clutch</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bayonet joint</col>, <cd>a form of coupling similar to that by which a bayonet is fixed on the barrel of a musket.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Bayonet</h1>
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<hw>Bay"o*net</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bayoneted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bayoneting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stab with a bayonet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To compel or drive by the bayonet.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>bayonet</b> us into submission.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bayou</h1>
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<hw>Bay"ou</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bayous</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.<ety> [North Am. Indian <ets>bayuk</ets>, in F. spelling <ets>bayouc</ets>, <ets>bayouque</ets>.]</ety> <def>An inlet from the Gulf of Mexico, from a lake, or from a large river, sometimes sluggish, sometimes without perceptible movement except from tide and wind.</def> <mark>[Southern U. S.]</mark>

<blockquote>A dark slender thread of a <b>bayou</b> moves loiteringly northeastward into a swamp of huge cypresses.
<i>G. W. Cable.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bay rum</h1>
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<hw>Bay" rum"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A fragrant liquid, used for cosmetic and medicinal purposes.</def>

<note>&hand; The original bay rum, from the West Indies, is prepared, it is believed, by distillation from the leaves of the bayberry (<spn>Myrcia acris</spn>). The bay rum of the Pharmacop\'d2ia (spirit of myrcia) is prepared from oil of myrcia (bayberry), oil of orange peel, oil of pimento, alcohol, and water.</note>

<h1>Bays, Bayze</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bays</hw>, <hw>Bayze</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Baize</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bay salt</h1>
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<hw>Bay" salt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Salt which has been obtained from sea water, by evaporation in shallow pits or basins, by the heat of the sun; the large crystalline salt of commerce.</def>

<i>Bacon. Ure.</i>

<h1>Bay tree</h1>
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<hw>Bay" tree`</hw>. <def>A species of laurel. (<spn>Laurus nobilis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bay window</h1>
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<hw>Bay" win"dow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A window forming a bay or recess in a room, and projecting outward from the wall, either in a rectangular, polygonal, or semicircular form; -- often corruptly called a <altname>bow window</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bay yarn</h1>
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<hw>Bay" yarn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Woolen yarn.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Bazaar  Bazar</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ba*zaar"  Ba*zar"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>b\'bezar</ets> market.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the East, an exchange, marketplace, or assemblage of shops where goods are exposed for sale.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A spacious hall or suite of rooms for the sale of goods, as at a fair.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A fair for the sale of fancy wares, toys, etc., commonly for a charitable objects.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Bdellium</h1>
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<hw>Bdel"lium</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; cf. Heb. <ets>b'dolakh</ets> bdellium (in sense 1).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An unidentified substance mentioned in the Bible (<i>Gen. ii. 12</i>, and <i>Num. xi. 7</i>), variously taken to be a gum, a precious stone, or pearls, or perhaps a kind of amber found in Arabia.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gum resin of reddish brown color, brought from India, Persia, and Africa.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Indian bdellium</i> or <i>false myrrh</i> is an exudation from <i>Balsamodendron Roxb<?/rghii</i>. Other kinds are known as <i>African</i>, <i>Sicilian</i>, etc.</note>

<h1>Bdelloidea</h1>
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<hw>Bdel*loi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> leech + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The order of Annulata which includes the leeches. See <er>Hirudinea</er>.</def>

<h1>Bdellometer</h1>
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<hw>Bdel*lom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> leech + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cupping glass to which are attached a scarificator and an exhausting syringe.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Bdellomorpha</h1>
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<hw>Bdel`lo*mor"pha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> leech + <ets><?/</ets> form.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Nemertina, including the large leechlike worms (<spn>Malacobdella</spn>) often parasitic in clams.</def>

<h1>Be</h1>
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<hw>Be</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Was</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Been</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Being</er>.]</ety> <ety>[OE. <ets>been</ets>, <ets>beon</ets>, AS. <ets>be\'a2n</ets> to be, <ets>be\'a2m</ets> I am; akin to OHG. <ets>bim</ets>, <ets>pim</ets>, G. <ets>bin</ets>, I am, Gael. & Ir. <ets>bu</ets> was, W. <ets>bod</ets> to be, Lith. <ets>bu-ti</ets>, O. Slav. <ets>by-ti</ets>, to be, L. <ets>fu-i</ets> I have been, <ets>fu-turus</ets> about to be, <ets>fo-re</ets> to be about to be, and perh to <ets>fieri</ets> to become, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to be born, to be, Skr. <ets>bh<?/</ets> to be. This verb is defective, and the parts lacking are supplied by verbs from other roots, <ets>is</ets>, <ets>was</ets>, which have no radical connection with <ets>be</ets>. The various forms, <ets>am</ets>, <ets>are</ets>, <ets>is</ets>, <ets>was</ets>, <ets>were</ets>, etc., are considered grammatically as parts of the verb "to be", which, with its conjugational forms, is often called the <ets>substantive verb</ets>. <?/97. Cf. <er>Future</er>, <er>Physic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To exist actually, or in the world of fact; to have ex<?/stence.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>be</b> contents his natural desire.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>be</b>, or not to <b>be</b>: that is the question.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exist in a certain manner or relation, -- whether as a reality or as a product of thought; to exist as the subject of a certain predicate, that is, as having a certain attribute, or as belonging to a certain sort, or as identical with what is specified, -- a word or words for the predicate being annexed; <as>as, to <ex>be</ex> happy; to <ex>be</ex> here; to <ex>be</ex> large, or strong; to <ex>be</ex> an animal; to <ex>be</ex> a hero; to <ex>be</ex> a nonentity; three and two <ex>are</ex> five; annihilation <ex>is</ex> the cessation of existence; that <ex>is</ex> the man.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take place; to happen; <as>as, the meeting <ex>was</ex> on Thursday</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To signify; to represent or symbolize; to answer to.</def>

<blockquote>The field <b>is</b> the world.
<i>Matt. xiii. 38.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The seven candlesticks which thou sawest <b>are</b> the seven churches.
<i>Rev. i. 20.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The verb <i>to be</i> (including the forms <i>is</i>, <i>was</i>, etc.) is used in forming the passive voice of other verbs; as, John has been struck by James. It is also used with the past participle of many intransitive verbs to express a state of the subject. But <i>have</i> is now more commonly used as the auxiliary, though expressing a different sense; as, "Ye have come too late -- but ye <i>are come</i>. " "The minstrel boy to the war <i>is gone</i>." The present and imperfect tenses form, with the infinitive, a particular future tense, which expresses necessity, duty, or purpose; as, government <i>is</i> to be supported; we <i>are</i> to pay our just debts; the deed is to be signed to-morrow.</note>

<note><i>Have</i> or <i>had been</i>, followed by <i>to</i>, implies movement. "I <i>have been to</i> Paris."  <i>Sydney Smith</i>. "<i>Have</i> you <i>been to</i> Franchard ?" <i>R. L. Stevenson</i>.</note>

<note>&hand; <i>Been</i>, or <i>ben</i>, was anciently the plural of the indicative present. "Ye <i>ben</i> light of the world." <i>Wyclif, Matt. v. 14</i>.  Afterwards <i>be</i> was used, as in our Bible: "They that <i>be</i> with us are more than they that be with them." <i>2 Kings vi. 16</i>. <i>Ben</i> was also the old infinitive: "To <i>ben</i> of such power." <i>R. of Gloucester</i>. <i>Be</i> is used as a form of the present subjunctive: "But if it <i>be</i> a question of words and names." <i>Acts xviii. 15</i>. But the indicative forms, <i>is</i> and <i>are</i>, with if, are more commonly used.</note>

<cs><col>Be it so</col>, <cd>a phrase of supposition, equivalent to <i>suppose it to be<i> so; or of permission, signifying <i>let it be so<i>.</cd> <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>If so be</col>, <cd>in case.</cd> -- <col>To be from</col>, <cd>to have come from; as, <i>from<i> what place <i>are<i> you ? I <i>am from<i> Chicago.</cd> -- <col>To let be</col>, <cd>to omit, or leave untouched; to let alone. "<i>Let be<i>, therefore, my vengeance to dissuade."</cd></cs>

<i> Spenser.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>To be</er>, <er>Exist</er>.</syn> <usage> The verb <i>to be</i>, except in a few rare case, like that of Shakespeare's "To <i>be</i>, or not to <i>be</i>", is used simply as a <i>copula</i>, to connect a subject with its predicate; as, man <i>is</i> mortal; the soul <i>is</i> immortal. The verb <i>to exist</i> is never properly used as a mere copula, but points to things that <i>stand forth</i>, or have a substantive being; as, when the soul is freed from all corporeal alliance, then it truly <i>exists</i>. It is not, therefore, properly synonymous with to be when used as a copula, though occasionally made so by some writers for the sake of variety; as in the phrase "there <i>exists</i> [<i>is</i>] no reason for laying new taxes." We may, indeed, say, "a friendship has long <i>existed</i> between them," instead of saying, "there has long <i>been</i> a friendship between them;" but in this case, <i>exist</i> is not a mere copula. It is used in its appropriate sense to mark the friendship as having been long in <i>existence</i>.</usage>

<h1>Be</h1>
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<hw>Be*</hw>. <ety>[AS. <ets>be</ets>, and in accented form <ets>b\'c6</ets>, akin to OS. <ets>be</ets> and <ets>b\'c6</ets>, OHG. <ets>bi</ets>, <ets>pi</ets>, and <ets>p\'c6</ets>, MHG. <ets>be</ets> and <ets>b\'c6</ets>, G. <ets>be</ets> and <ets>bei</ets>, Goth. <ets>bi</ets>, and perh. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> about (cf. AS. <ets>be</ets>se\'a2n to look about). <?/203. Gr. <er>By</er>, <er>Amb-</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix, originally the same word as <i>by</i>; joined with verbs, it serves: <sd>(a)</sd> To intensify the meaning; <as>as, <ex>be</ex>spatter, <ex>be</ex>stir</as>. <sd>(b)</sd> To render an intransitive verb transitive; <as>as, <ex>be</ex>fall (to fall upon); <i>be</i>speak (to speak for). <sd>(c)</sd> To make the action of a verb particular or definite; <as>as, <ex>be</ex>get (to get as offspring)</as>; <ex>be</ex>set (to set around).</as></def>

<note>It is joined with certain substantives, and a few adjectives, to form verbs; as, <i>be</i>dew, <i>be</i>friend, <i>be</i>night, <i>be</i>sot; <i>be</i>late (to make late); <i>be</i>little (to make little). It also occurs in certain nouns, adverbs, and prepositions, often with something of the force of the preposition <i>by</i>, or <i>about</i>; as, <i>be</i>lief (believe), <i>be</i>half, <i>be</i>quest (bequeath); <i>be</i>cause, <i>be</i>fore, <i>be</i>neath, <i>be</i>side, <i>be</i>tween.
In some words the original force of <i>be</i> is obscured or lost; as, in <i>be</i>come, <i>be</i>gin, <i>be</i>have, <i>be</i>hoove, <i>be</i>long.</note>

<-- p. 127  -->

<h1>Beach</h1>
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<hw>Beach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Beaches</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>backe</ets> hill, Dan. <ets>bakke</ets>, Icel. <ets>bakki</ets> hill, bank.  Cf. <er>Bank</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pebbles, collectively; shingle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The shore of the sea, or of a lake, which is washed by the waves; especially, a sandy or pebbly shore; the strand.</def>

<cs><col>Beach flea</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common name of many species of amphipod Crustacea, of the family <spn>Orchestid\'91</spn>, living on the sea beaches, and leaping like fleas.</cd> -- <col>Beach grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coarse grass (<spn>Ammophila arundinacea</spn>), growing on the sandy shores of lakes and seas, which, by its interlaced running rootstocks, binds the sand together, and resists the encroachment of the waves.</cd> -- <col>Beach wagon</col>, <cd>a light open wagon with two or more seats.</cd> -- <col>Raised beach</col>, <cd>an accumulation of water-worn stones, gravel, sand, and other shore deposits, above the present level of wave action, whether actually raised by elevation of the coast, as in Norway, or left by the receding waters, as in many lake and river regions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beach</h1>
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<hw>Beach</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beached</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beaching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To run or drive (as a vessel or a boat) upon a beach; to strand; <as>as, to <ex>beach</ex> a ship</as>.</def>

<h1>Beach comber</h1>
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<hw>Beach" comb`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A long, curling wave rolling in from the ocean. See <er>Comber</er>.</def> <mark>[Amer.]</mark>

<h1>Beached</h1>
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<hw>Beached</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bordered by a beach.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>beached</b> verge of the salt flood.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Driven on a beach; stranded; drawn up on a beach; <as>as, the ship is <ex>beached</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Beachy</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Beach"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a beach or beaches; formed by a beach or beaches; shingly.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>beachy</b> girdle of the ocean.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beacon</h1>
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<hw>Bea"con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bekene</ets>, AS. <ets>be\'a0cen</ets>, <ets>b<?/cen</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>b<?/kan</ets>, Fries. <ets>baken</ets>, <ets>beken</ets>, sign, signal, D. <ets>baak</ets>, OHG. <ets>bouhhan</ets>, G. <ets>bake</ets>; of unknown origin. Cf. <er>Beckon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A signal fire to notify of the approach of an enemy, or to give any notice, commonly of warning.</def>

<blockquote>No flaming <b>beacons</b> cast their blaze afar.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A signal or conspicuous mark erected on an eminence near the shore, or moored in shoal water, as a guide to mariners.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A high hill near the shore.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which gives notice of danger.</def>

<blockquote>Modest doubt is called
The <b>beacon</b> of the wise.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Beacon fire</col>, <cd>a signal fire.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beacon</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bea"con</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beaconed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beaconing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give light to, as a beacon; to light up; to illumine.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>beacons</b> the darkness of heaven.
<i> Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with a beacon or beacons.</def>

<h1>Beaconage</h1>
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<hw>Bea"con*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Money paid for the maintenance of a beacon; also, beacons, collectively.</def>

<h1>Beaconless</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bea"con*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no beacon.</def>

<h1>Bead</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bede</ets> prayer, prayer <ets>bead</ets>, AS. <ets>bed</ets>, <ets>gebed</ets>, prayer; akin to D. <ets>bede</ets>, G. <ets>bitte</ets>, AS. <ets>biddan</ets>, to ask, <ets>bid</ets>, G. <ets>bitten</ets> to ask, and perh. to Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to persuade, L. <ets>fidere</ets> to trust. Beads are used by the Roman Catholics to count their prayers, one bead being dropped down a string every time a prayer is said. Cf. Sp. <ets>cuenta</ets> bead, fr. <ets>contar</ets> to count. See <er>Bid</er>, in <ets>to bid beads</ets>, and <er>Bide</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A prayer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A little perforated ball, to be strung on a thread, and worn for ornament; or used in a rosary for counting prayers, as by Roman Catholics and Mohammedans, whence the phrases <i>to tell beads</i>, <i>to at one's beads</i>, <i>to bid beads</i>, etc., meaning, to be at prayer.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any small globular body</def>; as, <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bubble in spirits.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A drop of sweat or other liquid.</def>  "Cold <i>beads</i> of midnight dew." <i>Wordsworth</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A small knob of metal on a firearm, used for taking aim (whence the expression <i>to draw a bead</i>, for, to take aim).</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small molding of rounded surface, the section being usually an arc of a circle.  It may be continuous, or broken into short embossments.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glassy drop of molten flux, as borax or microcosmic salt, used as a solvent and color test for several mineral earths and oxides, as of iron, manganese, etc., before the blowpipe; <as>as, the borax <ex>bead</ex>; the iron <ex>bead</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<cs><col>Bead and butt</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>framing in which the panels are flush, having beads stuck or run upon the two edges.  <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Beat mold</col>, <cd>a species of fungus or mold, the stems of which consist of single cells loosely jointed together so as to resemble a string of beads.</cd> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bead mould</asp>.]</altsp> -- <col>Bead tool</col>, <cd>a cutting tool, having an edge curved so as to make beads or beading.</cd> -- <col>Bead tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree of the genus <spn>Melia</spn>, the best known species of which (<spn>M. azedarach</spn>), has blue flowers which are very fragrant, and berries which are poisonous.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bead</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bead</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To ornament with beads or beading.</def>

<h1>Bead</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bead</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form beadlike bubbles.</def>

<h1>Beadhouse, Bedehouse</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw><hw>Bead"house`</hw>, <hw>Bede"house`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bede</ets> prayer + E. <ets>house</ets>. See <er>Bead</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>An almshouse for poor people who pray daily for their benefactors.</def>

<h1>Beading</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bead"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Molding in imitation of beads.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The beads or bead-forming quality of certain liquors; <as>as, the <ex>beading</ex> of a brand of whisky</as>.</def>

<h1>Beadle</h1>
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<hw>Bea"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bedel</ets>, <ets>bidel</ets>, <ets>budel</ets>, OF. <ets>bedel</ets>, F. <ets>bedeau</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>butil</ets>, <ets>putil</ets>, G. <ets>b\'81ttel</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>biotan</ets>, G. <ets>bieten</ets>, to bid, confused with AS. <ets>bydel</ets>, the same word as OHG. <ets>butil</ets>. See. <er>Bid</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A messenger or crier of a court; a servitor; one who cites or bids persons to appear and answer; -- called also an <altname>apparitor</altname> or <altname>summoner</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An officer in a university, who precedes public processions of officers and students.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<note>&hand; In this sense the archaic spellings <i>bedel</i> (Oxford) and <i>bedell</i> (Cambridge) are preserved.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An inferior parish officer in England having a variety of duties, as the preservation of order in church service, the chastisement of petty offenders, etc.</def>

<h1>Beadlery</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bea"dle*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Office or jurisdiction of a beadle.</def>

<h1>Beadleship</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bea"dle*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being, or the personality of, a beadle.</def>

<i>A. Wood.</i>

<h1>Bead proof</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bead" proof`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>Among distillers, a certain degree of strength in alcoholic liquor, as formerly ascertained by the floating or sinking of glass globules of different specific gravities thrown into it; now ascertained by more accurate meters.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A degree of strength in alcoholic liquor as shown by beads or small bubbles remaining on its surface, or at the side of the glass, when shaken.</def>

<h1>Beadroll</h1>
<Xpage=127>

<hw>Bead"roll`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A catalogue of persons, for the rest of whose souls a certain number of prayers are to be said or counted off on the beads of a chaplet; hence, a catalogue in general.</def>

<blockquote>On Fame's eternal <b>beadroll</b> worthy to be field.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is quite startling, on going over the <b>beadroll</b> of English worthies, to find how few are directly represented in the male line.
<i> Quart. Rev.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beadsman, Bedesman</h1>
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<hw><hw>Beads"man</hw>, <hw>Bedes"man</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-men</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A poor man, supported in a beadhouse, and required to pray for the soul of its founder; an almsman.</def>

<blockquote>Whereby ye shall bind me to be your poor <b>beadsman</b> for ever unto Almighty God.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beadsnake</h1>
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<hw>Bead"snake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small poisonous snake of North America (<spn>Elaps fulvius</spn>), banded with yellow, red, and black.</def>

<h1>Beadswoman, Bedeswoman</h1>
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<hw><hw>Beads"wom`an</hw>, <hw>Bedes"wom`an</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-women</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Fem. of <er>Beadsman</er>.</def>

<h1>Beadwork</h1>
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<hw>Bead"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ornamental work in beads.</def>

<h1>Beady</h1>
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<hw>Bead"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resembling beads; small, round, and glistening.</def> "<i>Beady</i> eyes."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Covered or ornamented with, or as with, beads.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Characterized by beads; <as>as, <ex>beady</ex> liquor</as>.</def>

<h1>Beagle</h1>
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<hw>Bea"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>begele</ets>; perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>beag</ets> small, little, W. <ets>bach</ets>. F. <ets>bigle</ets> is from English.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small hound, or hunting dog, twelve to fifteen inches high, used in hunting hares and other small game. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: A spy or detective; a constable.</def>

<h1>Beak</h1>
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<hw>Beak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bek</ets>, F. <ets>bec</ets>, fr. Celtic; cf. Gael. & Ir. <ets>bac</ets>, <ets>bacc</ets>, <ets>hook</ets>, W. <ets>bach</ets>.]</ety> <def>1. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> The bill or nib of a bird, consisting of a horny sheath, covering the jaws. The form varied much according to the food and habits of the bird, and is largely used in the classification of birds. <sd>(b)</sd> A similar bill in other animals, as the turtles. <sd>(c)</sd> The long projecting sucking mouth of some insects, and other invertebrates, as in the Hemiptera. <sd>(d)</sd> The upper or projecting part of the shell, near the hinge of a bivalve. <sd>(e)</sd> The prolongation of certain univalve shells containing the canal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything projecting or ending in a point, like a beak, as a promontory of land.</def>

<i>Carew.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A beam, shod or armed at the end with a metal head or point, and projecting from the prow of an ancient galley, in order to pierce the vessel of an enemy; a beakhead.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>That part of a ship, before the forecastle, which is fastened to the stem, and supported by the main knee.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A continuous slight projection ending in an arris or narrow fillet; that part of a drip from which the water is thrown off.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any process somewhat like the beak of a bird, terminating the fruit or other parts of a plant.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A toe clip. See <er>Clip</er>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Far.)</fld>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A magistrate or policeman.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Beaked</h1>
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<hw>Beaked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a beak or a beaklike point; beak-shaped.</def> "Each <i>beaked</i> promontory."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Furnished with a process or a mouth like a beak; rostrate.</def>

<cs><col>Beaked whale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a cetacean of the genus <spn>Hyperoodon</spn>; the bottlehead whale.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beaker</h1>
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<hw>Beak"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>biker</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bikarr</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'84gare</ets>, Dan. <ets>baeger</ets>, G. <ets>becher</ets>, It. <ets>bicchiere</ets>; -- all fr. LL. <ets>bicarium</ets>, prob. fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> wine jar, or perh. L. <ets>bacar</ets> wine vessel. Cf. <er>Pitcher</er> a jug.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large drinking cup, with a wide mouth, supported on a foot or standard.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An open-mouthed, thin glass vessel, having a projecting lip for pouring; -- used for holding solutions requiring heat.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Beakhead</h1>
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<hw>Beak"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament used in rich Norman doorways, resembling a head with a beak.</def>

<i>Parker.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small platform at the fore part of the upper deck of a vessel, which contains the water closets of the crew.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Beak</er>, 3.</def>

<h1>Beakiron</h1>
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<hw>Beak"i*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bickern</er>.]</ety> <def>A bickern; a bench anvil with a long beak, adapted to reach the interior surface of sheet metal ware; the horn of an anvil.</def>

<h1>Beal</h1>
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<hw>Beal</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See Boil a tumor.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> A small inflammatory tumor; a pustule. [Prov. Eng.]

<h1>Beal</h1>
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<hw>Beal</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bealed</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bealing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To gather matter; to swell and come to a head, as a pimple.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Be-all</h1>
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<hw>Be"-all`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The whole; all that is to be.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Beam</h1>
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<hw>Beam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>be\'a0m</ets> beam, post, tree, ray of light; akin to OFries. <ets>b\'bem</ets> tree, OS. <ets>b<?/m</ets>, D. <ets>boom</ets>, OHG. <ets>boum</ets>, <ets>poum</ets>, G. <ets>baum</ets>, Icel. <ets>ba<?/mr</ets>, Goth. <ets>bahms</ets> and Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a growth, <ets><?/</ets> to become, to be. Cf. L. <ets>radius</ets> staff, rod, spoke of a wheel, beam or ray, and G. <ets>strahl</ets> arrow, spoke of a wheel, ray or beam, flash of lightning. <?/97. See <er>Be</er>; cf. <er>Boom</er> a spar.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any large piece of timber or iron long in proportion to its thickness, and prepared for use.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the principal horizontal timbers of a building or ship.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>beams</b> of a vessel are strong pieces of timber stretching across from side to side to support the decks.
<i>Totten.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The width of a vessel; <as>as, one vessel is said to have more <ex>beam</ex> than another</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The bar of a balance, from the ends of which the scales are suspended.</def>

<blockquote>The doubtful <b>beam</b> long nods from side to side.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The principal stem or horn of a stag or other deer, which bears the antlers, or branches.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The pole of a carriage.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A cylinder of wood, making part of a loom, on which weavers wind the warp before weaving; also, the cylinder on which the cloth is rolled, as it is woven; one being called the <i>fore beam</i>, the other the <i>back beam</i>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The straight part or shank of an anchor.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>The main part of a plow, to which the handles and colter are secured, and to the end of which are attached the oxen or horses that draw it.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>A heavy iron lever having an oscillating motion on a central axis, one end of which is connected with the piston rod from which it receives motion, and the other with the crank of the wheel shaft; -- called also <altname>working beam</altname> or <altname>walking beam</altname>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>A ray or collection of parallel rays emitted from the sun or other luminous body; <as>as, a <ex>beam</ex> of light, or of heat</as>.</def>

<blockquote>How far that little candle throws his <b>beams</b> !
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>Fig.: A ray; a gleam; <as>as, a <ex>beam</ex> of comfort</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Mercy with her genial <b>beam</b>.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>One of the long feathers in the wing of a hawk; -- called also <altname>beam feather</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Abaft the beam</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>in an arc of the horizon between a line that crosses the ship at right angles, or in the direction of her beams, and that point of the compass toward which her stern is directed.</cd> -- <col>Beam center</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>the fulcrum or pin on which the working beam of an engine vibrates.</cd> -- <col>Beam compass</col>, <cd>an instrument consisting of a rod or beam, having sliding sockets that carry steel or pencil points; -- used for drawing or describing large circles.</cd> -- <col>Beam engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine having a working beam to transmit power, in distinction from one which has its piston rod attached directly to the crank of the wheel shaft.</cd> -- <col>Before the beam</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>in an arc of the horizon included between a line that crosses the ship at right angles and that point of the compass toward which the ship steers.</cd> -- <col>On the beam</col> , <cd>in a line with the beams, or at right angled with the keel.</cd> -- <col>On the weather beam</col>, <cd>on the side of a ship which faces the wind.</cd> -- <col>To be on her beam ends</col>, <cd>to incline, as a vessel, so much on one side that her beams approach a vertical position.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beam</h1>
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<hw>Beam</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beamed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beaming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To send forth; to emit; -- followed ordinarily by <i>forth</i>; <as>as, to <ex>beam</ex> forth light</as>.</def>

<h1>Beam</h1>
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<hw>Beam</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To emit beams of light.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>beamed</b>, the daystar of the rising age.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beambird</h1>
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<hw>Beam"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European flycatcher (<spn>Muscicapa gricola</spn>), so called because it often nests on a beam in a building.</def>

<h1>Beamed</h1>
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<hw>Beamed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with beams, as the head of a stag.</def>

<blockquote>Tost his <b>beamed</b> frontlet to the sky.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beamful</h1>
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<hw>Beam"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Beamy; radiant.</def>

<h1>Beamily</h1>
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<hw>Beam"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a beaming manner.</def>

<h1>Beaminess</h1>
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<hw>Beam"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being beamy.</def>

<h1>Beaming</h1>
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<hw>Beam"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Emitting beams; radiant.</def>

<h1>Beamingly</h1>
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<hw>Beam"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a beaming manner; radiantly.</def>

<h1>Beamless</h1>
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<hw>Beam"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not having a beam.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not emitting light.</def>

<h1>Beamlet</h1>
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<hw>Beam"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small beam of light.</def>

<h1>Beam tree</h1>
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<hw>Beam" tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[AS. <ets>be\'a0m</ets> a tree. See <er>Beam</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree (<spn>Pyrus aria</spn>) related to the apple.</def>

<h1>Beamy</h1>
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<hw>Beam"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Emitting beams of light; radiant; shining.</def> "<i>Beamy</i> gold."

<i>Tickell.</i>

<hr>
<page="128">
Page 128<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling a beam in size and weight; massy.</def>

<blockquote>His double-biting ax, and <b>beamy</b> spear.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having horns, or antlers.</def>

<blockquote><b>Beamy</b> stags in toils engage.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bean</h1>
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<hw>Bean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bene</ets>, AS.<ets>be\'a0n</ets>; akin to D. <ets>boon</ets>, G. <ets>bohne</ets>, OHG. <ets>p<?/na</ets>, Icel. <ets>baun</ets>, Dan. <ets>b\'94nne</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'94na</ets>, and perh. to Russ. <ets>bob</ets>, L. <ets>faba</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to the seed of certain leguminous herbs, chiefly of the genera <spn>Faba</spn>, <spn>Phaseolus</spn>, and <spn>Dolichos</spn>; also, to the herbs.</def>

<note>&hand; The origin and classification of many kinds are still doubtful. Among true beans are: the black-eyed bean and China bean, included in <spn>Dolichos Sinensis</spn>; black Egyptian bean or hyacinth bean, <spn>D. Lablab</spn>; the common haricot beans, kidney beans, string beans, and pole beans, all included in <spn>Phaseolus vulgaris</spn>; the lower bush bean, <spn>Ph. vulgaris</spn>, variety <spn>nanus</spn>; Lima bean, <spn>Ph. lunatus</spn>; Spanish bean and scarlet runner, <spn>Ph. maltiflorus</spn>; Windsor bean, the common bean of England, <i>Faba vulgaris</i>.</note>

As an article of food beans are classed with vegetables.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The popular name of other vegetable seeds or fruits, more or less resembling true beans.</def>

<cs><col>Bean aphis</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a plant louse (<spn>Aphis fab\'91</spn>) which infests the bean plant.</cd> -- <col>Bean fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fly found on bean flowers.</cd> -- <col>Bean goose</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of goose (<spn>Anser segetum</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Bean weevil</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small weevil that in the larval state destroys beans. The American species in <spn>Bruchus fab\'91</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Florida bean</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the seed of <spn>Mucuna urens</spn>, a West Indian plant. The seeds are washed up on the Florida shore, and are often polished and made into ornaments.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Ignatius bean</col>, or <col>St. Ignatius's bean</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of <spn>Strychnos</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Navy bean</col>, <cd>the common dried white bean of commerce; probably so called because an important article of food in the navy.</cd> -- <col>Pea bean</col>, <cd>a very small and highly esteemed variety of the edible white bean; -- so called from its size.</cd> -- <col>Sacred bean</col>. <cd>See under <er>Sacred</er>.</cd> -- <col>Screw bean</col>. <cd>See under <er>Screw</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sea bean</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Same as <er>Florida bean</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red bean of unknown species used for ornament.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Tonquin bean</col>, or <col>Tonka bean</col></mcol>, <cd>the fragrant seed of <spn>Dipteryx odorata</spn>, a leguminous tree.</cd> -- <col>Vanilla bean</col>. <cd>See under <er>Vanilla</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bean caper</h1>
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<hw>Bean" ca`per</hw>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A deciduous plant of warm climates, generally with fleshy leaves and flowers of a yellow or whitish yellow color, of the genus <spn>Zygophyllum</spn>.</def>

<h1>Bean trefoil</h1>
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<hw>Bean" tre"foil</hw>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leguminous shrub of southern Europe, with trifoliate leaves (<spn>Anagyris f\'d2tida</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bear</h1>
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<hw>Bear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Bore</er> <tt>(?)</tt> (formerly <er>Bare</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>); <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Born</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Borne</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>beren</ets>, AS. <ets>beran</ets>, <ets>beoran</ets>, to bear, carry, produce; akin to D. <ets>baren</ets> to bring forth, G. <ets>geb\'84ren</ets>, Goth. <ets>ba\'a1ran</ets> to bear or carry, Icel. bera, Sw. b\'84ra, Dan. b\'91re, OHG. beran, peran, L. ferre to <ets>bear</ets>, carry, produce, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, OSlav <ets>brati</ets> to take, carry, OIr. <ets>berim</ets> I bear, Skr. <ets>bh<?/</ets> to bear. &root;92. Cf. <er>Fertile</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To support or sustain; to hold up.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To support and remove or carry; to convey.</def>

<blockquote>I 'll <b>bear</b> your logs the while.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To conduct; to bring; -- said of persons.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Bear</b> them to my house.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To possess and use, as power; to exercise.</def>

<blockquote>Every man should <b>bear</b> rule in his own house.
<i>Esther i. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To sustain; to have on (written or inscribed, or as a mark), <as>as, the tablet bears this inscription</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To possess or carry, as a mark of authority or distinction; to wear; <as>as, to bear a sword, badge, or name</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To possess mentally; to carry or hold in the mind; to entertain; to harbor</def>

<i> Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>The ancient grudge I <b>bear</b> him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To endure; to tolerate; to undergo; to suffer.</def>

<blockquote>Should such a man, too fond to rule alone,
<b>Bear</b>, like the Turk, no brother near the throne.
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I cannot <b>bear</b>
The murmur of this lake to hear.
<i>Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My punishment is greater than I can <b>bear</b>.
<i> Gen. iv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To gain or win.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some think to <b>bear</b> it by speaking a great word.
<i> Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She was . . . found not guilty, through <b>bearing</b> of friends and bribing of the judge.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To sustain, or be answerable for, as blame, expense, responsibility, etc.</def>

<blockquote>He shall <b>bear</b> their iniquities.
<i>Is. liii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Somewhat that will <b>bear</b> your charges.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>To render or give; to bring forward.</def> "Your testimony <i>bear</i>"

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>To carry on, or maintain; to have.</def> "The credit of <i>bearing</i> a part in the conversation."

<i> Locke.</i>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>To admit or be capable of; that is, to suffer or sustain without violence, injury, or change.</def>

<blockquote>In all criminal cases the most favorable interpretation should be put on words that they can possibly <b>bear</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>14.</b> <def>To manage, wield, or direct. "Thus must thou thy body <i>bear</i>." <i>Shak</i>. Hence: To behave; to conduct.</def>

<blockquote>Hath he <b>borne</b> himself penitently in prison ?
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>15.</b> <def>To afford; to be to ; to supply with.</def>

<blockquote><?/is faithful dog shall <b>bear</b> him company.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>16.</b> <def>To bring forth or produce; to yield; <as>as, to <ex>bear</ex> apples; to <ex>bear</ex> children; to <ex>bear</ex> interest.</as></def>

<blockquote>Here dwelt the man divine whom Samos <b>bore</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In the passive form of this verb, the best modern usage restricts the past participle <i>born</i> to the sense of <i>brought forth</i>, while <i>borne</i> is used in the other senses of the word. In the active form, <i>borne</i> alone is used as the past participle.</note>

<cs><col>To bear down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To force into a lower place; to carry down; to depress or sink.</cd> "His nose, . . . large as were the others, <i>bore<i> them <i>down<i> into insignificance." <i>Marryat</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To overthrow or crush by force; as, to <i>bear down<i> an enemy.</cd> -- <col>To bear a hand</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To help; to give assistance.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To make haste; to be quick.</cd> -- <col>To bear in hand</col>, <cd>to keep (one) up in expectation, usually by promises never to be realized; to amuse by false pretenses; to delude.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "How you were <i>borne in hand<i>, how crossed." <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>To bear in mind</col>, <cd>to remember.</cd> -- <col>To bear off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To restrain; to keep from approach.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To remove to a distance; to keep clear from rubbing against anything; as, to <i>bear off<i> a blow; to <i>bear off<i> a boat.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To gain; to carry off, as a prize.</cd> -- <col>To bear one hard</col>, <cd>to owe one a grudge.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "C\'91sar doth <i>bear me hard<i>." <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>To bear out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To maintain and support to the end; to defend to the last.</cd>  "Company only can <i>bear<i> a man <i>out<i> in an ill thing." <i>South</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To corroborate; to confirm.</cd> -- <col>To bear up</col>, <cd>to support; to keep from falling or sinking.</cd>  "Religious hope <i>bears up<i> the mind under sufferings." <i>Addison</i>.</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To uphold; sustain; maintain; support; undergo; suffer; endure; tolerate; carry; convey; transport; waft.</syn>

<h1>Bear</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Bear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To produce, as fruit; to be fruitful, in opposition to barrenness.</def>

<blockquote>This age to blossom, and the next to <b>bear</b>.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To suffer, as in carrying a burden.</def>

<blockquote>But man is born to <b>bear</b>.
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To endure with patience; to be patient.</def>

<blockquote>I can not, can not <b>bear</b>.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To press; -- with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>, or <i>against</i>.</def>

<blockquote>These men <b>bear</b> hard on the suspected party.
<i> Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To take effect; to have influence or force; <as>as, to bring matters to <ex>bear</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To relate or refer; -- with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>; as, how does this <i>bear</i> on the question?</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To have a certain meaning, intent, or effect.</def>

<blockquote>Her sentence <b>bore</b> that she should stand a certain time upon the platform.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To be situated, as to the point of compass, with respect to something else; <as>as, the land <ex>bears</ex> N</as>. by E.</def>

<cs><col>To bear against</col>, <cd>to approach for attack or seizure; <as>as, a lion <ex>bears against</ex> his prey</as>.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>To bear away</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to change the course of a ship, and make her run before the wind.</cd> -- <col>To bear back</col>, <cd>to retreat.</cd>  "<i>Bearing back<i> from the blows of their sable antagonist." <i>Sir W. Scott</i>. -- <col>To bear down upon</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to approach from the windward side; <as>as, the fleet <ex>bore down upon<ex> the enemy</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bear in with</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to run or tend toward; <as>as, a ship <ex>bears in with<ex> the land</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bear off</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to steer away, as from land.</cd> -- <col>To bear up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be supported; to have fortitude; to be firm; not to sink; <as>as, to <ex>bear up<ex> under afflictions</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To put the helm up (or to windward) and so put the ship before the wind; to bear away.</cd>  <i>Hamersly</i>. -- <col>To bear upon</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to be pointed or situated so as to affect; to be pointed directly against, or so as to hit (the object); <as>as, to bring or plant guns so as to <ex>bear upon<ex> a fort or a ship; the artillery <ex>bore upon<ex> the center</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bear up to</col>, <cd>to tend or move toward; <as>as, to <ex>bear up to<ex> one another</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bear with</col>, <cd>to endure; to be indulgent to; to forbear to resent, oppose, or punish.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bear</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Bear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bier.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bear</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Bear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bere</ets>, AS. <ets>bera</ets>; akin to D. <ets>beer</ets>, OHG. <ets>bero</ets>, <ets>pero</ets>, G. <ets>b\'84r</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>bj\'94rn</ets>, and possibly to L. <ets>fera</ets> wild beast, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> beast, Skr. <ets>bhalla</ets> bear.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of the genus Ursus, and of the closely allied genera. Bears are plantigrade Carnivora, but they live largely on fruit and insects.</def>

<note>The European brown bear (<spn>U. arctos</spn>), the white polar bear (<spn>U. maritimus</spn>), the grizzly bear (<spn>U. horribilis</spn>), the American black bear, and its variety the cinnamon bear (<spn>U. Americanus</spn>), the Syrian bear (<spn>Ursus Syriacus</spn>), and the sloth bear, are among the notable species.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal which has some resemblance to a bear in form or habits, but no real affinity; <as>as, the woolly <ex>bear</ex>; ant <ex>bear</ex>; water <ex>bear</ex>; sea <ex>bear.</ex></as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of two constellations in the northern hemisphere, called respectively the <stype>Great Bear</stype> and the <stype>Lesser Bear</stype>, or <stype>Ursa Major</stype> and <stype>Ursa Minor</stype>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Metaphorically: A brutal, coarse, or morose person.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>A person who sells stocks or securities for future delivery in expectation of a fall in the market.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>bears</i> and <i>bulls</i> of the Stock Exchange, whose interest it is, the one to depress, and the other to raise, stocks, are said to be so called in allusion to the bear's habit of pulling down, and the bull's of tossing up.</note>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A portable punching machine.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A block covered with coarse matting; -- used to scour the deck.</def>

<cs><col>Australian bear</col>. <cd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> See <er>Koala</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bear baiting</col>, <cd>the sport of baiting bears with dogs.</cd> -- <col>Bear caterpillar</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the hairy larva of a moth, esp. of the genus <spn>Euprepia</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Bear garden</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A place where bears are kept for diversion or fighting. <sd>(b)</sd> Any place where riotous conduct is common or permitted. <i>M. Arnold</i>.</cd> -- <col>Bear leader</col>, <cd>one who leads about a performing bear for money; hence, a facetious term for one who takes charge of a young man on his travels.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bear</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Bear</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>To endeavor to depress the price of, or prices in; <as>as, to <ex>bear</ex> a railroad stock; to <ex>bear</ex> the market.</as></def>

<h1>Bear, Bere</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw><hw>Bear</hw>, <hw>Bere</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bere</ets>. See <er>Barley</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Barley; the six-rowed barley or the four-rowed barley, commonly the former (<spn>Hord. vulgare</spn>).</def> <mark>[Obs. except in North of Eng. and Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Bearable</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Bear"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being borne or endured; tolerable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bear"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bearberry</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Bear"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A trailing plant of the heath family (<spn>Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</spn>), having leaves which are tonic and astringent, and glossy red berries of which bears are said to be fond.</def>

<h1>Bearbind</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Bear"bind`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The bindweed (<spn>Convolvulus arvensis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Beard</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Beard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>berd</ets>, AS. <ets>beard</ets>; akin to Fries. <ets>berd</ets>, D. <ets>baard</ets>, G. <ets>bart</ets>, Lith. <ets>barzda</ets>, OSlav. <ets>brada</ets>, Pol. <ets>broda</ets>, Russ. <ets>boroda</ets>, L. <ets>barba</ets>, W. <ets>barf</ets>. Cf. 1st <er>Barb</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The hair that grows on the chin, lips, and adjacent parts of the human face, chiefly of male adults.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The long hairs about the face in animals, as in the goat.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cluster of small feathers at the base of the beak in some birds</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The appendages to the jaw in some Cetacea, and to the mouth or jaws of some fishes.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The byssus of certain shellfish, as the muscle.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>The gills of some bivalves, as the oyster.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>In insects, the hairs of the labial palpi of moths and butterflies.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Long or stiff hairs on a plant; the awn; <as>as, the <ex>beard</ex> of grain</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A barb or sharp point of an arrow or other instrument, projecting backward to prevent the head from being easily drawn out.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That part of the under side of a horse's lower jaw which is above the chin, and bears the curb of a bridle.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>That part of a type which is between the shoulder of the shank and the face.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>An imposition; a trick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Beard grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coarse, perennial grass of different species of the genus <i>Andropogon<i>.</cd> -- <col>To one's beard</col>, <cd>to one's face; in open defiance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beard</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Beard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bearded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bearding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take by the beard; to seize, pluck, or pull the beard of (a man), in anger or contempt.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To oppose to the gills; to set at defiance.</def>

<blockquote>No admiral, <b>bearded</b> by three corrupt and dissolute minions of the palace, dared to do more than mutter something about a court martial.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deprive of the gills; -- used only of oysters and similar shellfish.</def>

<h1>Bearded</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Beard"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a beard.</def> "<i>Bearded</i> fellow." <i>Shak</i>. "<i>Bearded</i> grain." <i>Dryden</i>.

<cs><mcol><col>Bearded vulture</col>, <col>Bearded eagle</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Lammergeir</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bearded tortoise</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Matamata</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beardie</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Beard"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Beard</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bearded loach (<spn>Nemachilus barbatus</spn>) of Europe.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Beardless</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Beard"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without a beard. Hence: Not having arrived at puberty or manhood; youthful.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destitute of an awn; <as>as, <ex>beardless</ex> wheat</as>.</def>

<h1>Beardlessness</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Beard"less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being destitute of beard.</def>

<h1>Bearer</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Bear"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, bears, sustains, or carries.</def> "<i>Bearers</i> of burdens." <i>2 Chron. ii. 18</i>. "The <i>bearer</i> of unhappy news."

<i> Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: One who assists in carrying a body to the grave; a pallbearer.</def>

<i> Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A palanquin carrier; also, a house servant.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A tree or plant yielding fruit; <as>as, a good <ex>bearer</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>One who holds a check, note, draft, or other order for the payment of money; <as>as, pay to <ex>bearer</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A strip of reglet or other furniture to bear off the impression from a blank page; also, a type or type-high piece of metal interspersed in blank parts to support the plate when it is shaved.</def>

<h1>Bearherd</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Bear"herd`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A man who tends a bear.</def>

<h1>Bearhound</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Bear"hound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hound for baiting or hunting bears.</def>

<i>Car<?/<?/le.</i>

<h1>Bearing</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Bear"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The manner in which one bears or conducts one's self; mien; behavior; carriage.</def>

<blockquote>I know him by his <b>bearing</b>.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Patient endurance; suffering without complaint.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The situation of one object, with respect to another, such situation being supposed to have a connection with the object, or influence upon it, or to be influenced by it; hence, relation; connection.</def>

<blockquote>But of this frame, the <b>bearings</b> and the ties,
The strong connections, nice dependencies.
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Purport; meaning; intended significance; aspect.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The act, power, or time of producing or giving birth; <as>as, a tree in full <ex>bearing</ex>; a tree past <ex>bearing</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>[His mother] in travail of his <b>bearing</b>.
<i>R. of Gloucester.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of any member of a building which rests upon its supports; <as>as, a lintel or beam may have four inches of <ex>bearing</ex> upon the wall</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The portion of a support on which anything rests.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Improperly, the unsupported span; <as>as, the beam has twenty feet of <ex>bearing</ex> between its supports</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The part of an axle or shaft in contact with its support, collar, or boxing; the journal.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The part of the support on which a journal rests and rotates.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Any single emblem or charge in an escutcheon or coat of arms -- commonly in the <pluf>pl.</pluf></def>

<blockquote>A carriage covered with armorial <b>bearings</b>.
<i> Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The situation of a distant object, with regard to a ship's position, as on the bow, on the lee quarter, etc.; the direction or point of the compass in which an object is seen; <as>as, the <ex>bearing</ex> of the cape was W. N. W.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The widest part of a vessel below the plank-sheer.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The line of flotation of a vessel when properly trimmed with cargo or ballast.</def>

<cs><col>Ball bearings</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ball</er>.</cd> -- <col>To bring one to his bearings</col>, <cd>to bring one to his senses.</cd> -- <col>To lose one's bearings</col>, <cd>to become bewildered.</cd> -- <col>To take bearings</col>, <cd>to ascertain by the compass the position of an object; to ascertain the relation of one object or place to another; to ascertain one's position by reference to landmarks or to the compass; hence (<mark>Fig.<mark>), to ascertain the condition of things when one is in trouble or perplexity.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Deportment; gesture; mien; behavior; manner; carriage; demeanor; port; conduct; direction; relation; tendency; influence.</syn>

<h1>Bearing cloth</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Bear"ing cloth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A cloth with which a child is covered when carried to be baptized.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bearing rein</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Bear"ing rein`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A short rein looped over the check hook or the hames to keep the horse's head up; -- called in the United States a <i>checkrein</i>.</def>

<h1>Bearish</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Bear"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Partaking of the qualities of a bear; resembling a bear in temper or manners.</def>

<i>Harris.</i>

<h1>Bearishness</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Bear"ish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Behavior like that of a bear.</def>

<h1>Bearn</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Bearn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bairn</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bear's-breech</h1>
<Xpage=128>

<hw>Bear's"-breech`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>See <er>Acanthus</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The English cow parsnip (<spn>Heracleum sphondylium</spn>)</def>

<i> Dr. Prior.</i>

<hr>
<page="129">
Page 129<p>

<h1>Bear's-ear</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Bear's-ear`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of primrose (<spn>Primula auricula</spn>), so called from the shape of the leaf.</def>

<h1>Bear's-foot</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Bear's"-foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of hellebore (<spn>Helleborus f\'d2tidus</spn>), with digitate leaves. It has an offensive smell and acrid taste, and is a powerful emetic, cathartic, and anthelmintic.</def>

<h1>Bearskin</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Bear"skin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The skin of a bear.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A coarse, shaggy, woolen cloth for overcoats.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A cap made of bearskin, esp. one worn by soldiers.</def>

<h1>Bear's-paw</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Bear's"-paw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large bivalve shell of the East Indies (<spn>Hippopus maculatus</spn>), often used as an ornament.</def>

<h1>Bearward</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Bear"ward`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bear</ets> + <ets>ward</ets> a keeper.]</ety> <def>A keeper of bears. See <er>Bearherd</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Beast</h1>
<Xpage=129>

<hw>Beast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>best</ets>, <ets>beste</ets>, OF. <ets>beste</ets>, F. <ets>b\'88te</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bestia</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any living creature; an animal; -- including man, insects, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any four-footed animal, that may be used for labor, food, or sport; <as>as, a <ex>beast</ex> of burden</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A righteous man regardeth the life of his <b>beast</b>.
<i>Prov. xii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>As opposed to <i>man</i>: Any irrational animal.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fig.: A coarse, brutal, filthy, or degraded fellow.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A game at cards similar to loo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Wright.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A penalty at beast, omber, etc. Hence: To be beasted, to be beaten at beast, omber, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Beast royal</col>, <cd>the lion. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Beast</er>, <er>Brute</er>.</syn> <usage> When we use these words in a figurative sense, as applicable to human beings, we think of <i>beasts</i> as mere animals governed by animal appetite; and of <i>brutes</i> as being destitute of reason or moral feeling, and governed by unrestrained passion. Hence we speak of <i>beastly</i> appetites; <i>beastly</i> indulgences, etc.; and of <i>brutal</i> manners; <i>brutal</i> inhumanity; <i>brutal</i> ferocity. So, also, we say of a drunkard, that he first made himself a <i>beast</i>, and then treated his family like a <i>brute</i>.</usage>

<h1>Beasthood</h1>
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<hw>Beast"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or nature of a beast.</def>

<h1>Beastings</h1>
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<hw>Beast"ings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Biestings</er>.</def>

<h1>Beastlihead</h1>
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<hw>Beast"li*head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Beastly</ets> + <ets>-head</ets> state.]</ety> <def>Beastliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Beastlike</h1>
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<hw>Beast"like"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a beast.</def>

<h1>Beastliness</h1>
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<hw>Beast"li*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being beastly.</def>

<h1>Beastly</h1>
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<hw>Beast"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or having the form, nature, or habits of, a beast.</def>

<blockquote><b>Beastly</b> divinities and droves of gods.
<i> Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterizing the nature of a beast; contrary to the nature and dignity of man; brutal; filthy.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>beastly</b> vice of drinking to excess.
<i> Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Abominable; <as>as, <ex>beastly</ex> weather</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Eng.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Bestial; brutish; irrational; sensual; degrading.</syn>

<h1>Beat</h1>
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<hw>Beat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Beat</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Beat</er>, <er>Beaten</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>beaten</ets>, <ets>beten</ets>, AS. <ets>be\'a0tan</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bauta</ets>, OHG. <ets>b<?/zan</ets>. Cf. 1st <er>Butt</er>, <er>Button</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike repeatedly; to lay repeated blows upon; <as>as, to <ex>beat</ex> one's breast; to <ex>beat</ex> iron so as to shape it; to <ex>beat</ex> grain, in order to force out the seeds; to <ex>beat</ex> eggs and sugar; to <ex>beat</ex> a drum.</as></def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt <b>beat</b> some of it [spices] very small.
<i>Ex. xxx. 36.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They did <b>beat</b> the gold into thin plates.
<i>Ex. xxxix. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To punish by blows; to thrash.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To scour or range over in hunting, accompanied with the noise made by striking bushes, etc., for the purpose of rousing game.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>beat</b> the woods, and rouse the bounding prey.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To dash against, or strike, as with water or wind.</def>

<blockquote>A frozen continent . . . <b>beat</b> with perpetual storms.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To tread, as a path.</def>

<blockquote>Pass awful gulfs, and <b>beat</b> my painful way.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To overcome in a battle, contest, strife, race, game, etc.; to vanquish or conquer; to surpass.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>beat</b> them in a bloody battle.
<i> Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For loveliness, it would be hard to <b>beat</b> that.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To cheat; to chouse; to swindle; to defraud; -- often with <i>out</i>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To exercise severely; to perplex; to trouble.</def>

<blockquote>Why should any one . . . <b>beat</b> his head about the Latin grammar who does not intend to be a critic?
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To give the signal for, by beat of drum; to sound by beat of drum; <as>as, to <ex>beat</ex> an alarm, a charge, a parley, a retreat; to <ex>beat</ex> the general, the reveille, the tattoo.</as> See <er>Alarm</er>, <er>Charge</er>, <er>Parley</er>, etc.</def>

<cs><col>To beat down</col>, <cd>to haggle with (any one) to secure a lower price; to force down.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To beat into</col>, <cd>to teach or instill, by repetition.</cd> -- <col>To beat off</col>, <cd>to repel or drive back.</cd> -- <col>To beat out</col>, <cd>to extend by hammering.</cd> -- <col>To beat out of</col> a thing, <cd>to cause to relinquish it, or give it up.</cd>  "Nor can anything <i>beat<i> their posterity <i>out of it<i> to this day." <i>South</i>. -- <col>To beat the dust</col>. <fld>(Man.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To take in too little ground with the fore legs, as a horse.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To perform curvets too precipitately or too low.</cd> -- <col>To beat the hoof</col>, <cd>to walk; to go on foot.</cd> -- <col>To beat the wing</col>, <cd>to flutter; to move with fluttering agitation.</cd> -- <col>To beat time</col>, <cd>to measure or regulate time in music by the motion of the hand or foot.</cd> -- <col>To beat up</col>, <cd>to attack suddenly; to alarm or disturb; as, to <i>beat up<i> an enemy's quarters.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To strike; pound; bang; buffet; maul; drub; thump; baste; thwack; thrash; pommel; cudgel; belabor; conquer; defeat; vanquish; overcome.</syn>

<h1>Beat</h1>
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<hw>Beat</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike repeatedly; to inflict repeated blaows; to knock vigorously or loudly.</def>

<blockquote>The men of the city . . . <b>beat</b> at the door.
<i> Judges. xix. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move with pulsation or throbbing.</def>

<blockquote>A thousand hearts <b>beat</b> happily.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To come or act with violence; to dash or fall with force; to strike anything, <as>as, rain, wind, and waves do</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sees rolling tempests vainly <b>beat</b> below.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They [winds] <b>beat</b> at the crazy casement.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The sun <b>beat</b> upon the head of Jonah, that he fainted, and wisbed in himself to die.
<i> Jonah iv. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Public envy seemeth to <b>beat</b> chiefly upon ministers.
<i> Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be in agitation or doubt.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>To still my <b>beating</b> mind.
<i>Shak</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To make progress against the wind, by sailing in a zigzag line or traverse.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To make a sound when struck; <as>as, the drums beat</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To make a succession of strokes on a drum; <as>as, the drummers <ex>beat</ex> to call soldiers to their quarters</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Acoustics & Mus.)</fld> <def>To sound with more or less rapid alternations of greater and less intensity, so as to produce a pulsating effect; -- said of instruments, tones, or vibrations, not perfectly in unison.</def>

<cs><col>A beating wind</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a wind which necessitates tacking in order to make progress.</cd> -- <col>To beat about</col>, <cd>to try to find; to search by various means or ways. <i>Addison<i>.</cd> -- <col>To beat about the bush</col>, <cd>to approach a subject circuitously.</cd> -- <col>To beat up and down</col> <fld>(Hunting)</fld>, <cd>to run first one way and then another; -- said of a stag.</cd> -- <col>To beat up for recruits</col>, <cd>to go diligently about in order to get helpers or participators in an enterprise.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beat</h1>
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<hw>Beat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A stroke; a blow.</def>

<blockquote>He, with a careless <b>beat</b>,
Struck out the mute creation at a heat.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A recurring stroke; a throb; a pulsation; <as>as, a <ex>beat</ex> of the heart; the <ex>beat</ex> of the pulse.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rise or fall of the hand or foot, marking the divisions of time; a division of the measure so marked. In the rhythm of music the <i>beat</i> is the unit.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A transient grace note, struck immediately before the one it is intended to ornament.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Acoustics & Mus.)</fld> <def>A sudden swelling or re\'89nforcement of a sound, recurring at regular intervals, and produced by the interference of sound waves of slightly different periods of vibrations; applied also, by analogy, to other kinds of wave motions; the pulsation or throbbing produced by the vibrating together of two tones not quite in unison. See <er>Beat</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, 8.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A round or course which is frequently gone over; <as>as, a watchman's <ex>beat</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A place of habitual or frequent resort.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A cheat or swindler of the lowest grade; -- often emphasized by <i>dead</i>; <as>as, a <ex>dead beat</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<cs><col>Beat of drum</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a succession of strokes varied, in different ways, for particular purposes, as to regulate a march, to call soldiers to their arms or quarters, to direct an attack, or retreat, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Beat of a watch</col>, &or; <col>clock</col></mcol>, <cd>the stroke or sound made by the action of the escapement.  A clock is <i>in beat<i> or out <i>of beat<i>, according as the strokes is at equal or unequal intervals.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beat</h1>
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<hw>Beat</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Weary; tired; fatigued; exhausted.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Quite <b>beat</b>, and very much vexed and disappointed.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beaten</h1>
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<hw>Beat"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made smooth by beating or treading; worn by use.</def>  "A broad and <i>beaten</i> way." <i>Milton</i>. "<i>Beaten</i> gold." <i>Shak</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Vanquished; conquered; baffled.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Exhausted; tired out.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Become common or trite; <as>as, a <ex>beaten</ex> phrase</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Tried; practiced.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Beater</h1>
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<hw>Beat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, beats.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person who beats up game for the hunters.</def>

<i>Black.</i>

<h1>Beath</h1>
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<hw>Beath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>be<?/ian</ets> to foment.]</ety> <def>To bathe; also, to dry or heat, as unseasoned wood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Spenser.</i>

<h1>Beatific, Beatifical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Be`a*tif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Be`a*tif"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>b\'82atifique</ets>, L. <ets>beatificus</ets>. See <er>Beatify</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the power to impart or complete blissful enjoyment; blissful.</def>  "The <i>beatific</i> vision." <i>South</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Be`a*tif"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Beatificate</h1>
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<hw>Be`a*tif"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To beatify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Beatification</h1>
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<hw>Be*at`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>b\'82atification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of beatifying, or the state of being beatified; esp., in the R. C. Church, the act or process of ascertaining and declaring that a deceased person is one of "the blessed," or has attained the second degree of sanctity, -- usually a stage in the process of canonization.</def> "The <i>beatification</i> of his spirit."

<i> Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Beatify</h1>
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<hw>Be*at"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beatified</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beatifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>beatificare</ets>; <ets>beatus</ets> happy (fr. <ets>beare</ets> to bless, akin to <ets>bonus</ets> good) + <ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F. <ets>b\'82atifier</ets>. See <er>Bounty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pronounce or regard as happy, or supremely blessed, or as conferring happiness.</def>

<blockquote>The common conceits and phrases that <b>beatify</b> wealth.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make happy; to bless with the completion of celestial enjoyment.</def> "<i>Beatified</i> spirits."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>To ascertain and declare, by a public process and decree, that a deceased person is one of "the blessed" and is to be reverenced as such, though not canonized.</def>

<h1>Beating</h1>
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<hw>Beat"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of striking or giving blows; punishment or chastisement by blows.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pulsation; throbbing; <as>as, the <ex>beating</ex> of the heart</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Acoustics & Mus.)</fld> <def>Pulsative sounds. See <er>Beat</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The process of sailing against the wind by tacks in zigzag direction.</def>

<h1>Beatitude</h1>
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<hw>Be*at"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>beatitudo</ets>: cf. F. <ets>b\'82atitude</ets>. See <er>Beatify</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Felicity of the highest kind; consummate bliss.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any one of the nine declarations (called <i>the Beatitudes</i>), made in the Sermon on the Mount (<i>Matt. v. 3-12</i>), with regard to the blessedness of those who are distinguished by certain specified virtues.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>Beatification.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Blessedness; felicity; happiness.</syn>

<h1>Beau</h1>
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<hw>Beau</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. F. <plw>Beaux</plw> (E. pron. <i>b<?/z</i>), E. <plw>Beaus</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F., a fop, fr. <ets>beau</ets> fine, beautiful, fr. L. <ets>bellus</ets> pretty, fine, for <ets>bonulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>bonus</ets> good. See <er>Bounty</er>, and cf. <er>Belle</er>, <er>Beauty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A man who takes great care to dress in the latest fashion; a dandy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A man who escorts, or pays attentions to, a lady; an escort; a lover.</def>

<h1>Beaucatcher</h1>
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<hw>Beau"catch`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small flat curl worn on the temple by women.</def> <mark>[Humorous]</mark>

<h1>Beaufet</h1>
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<hw>Beau"fet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Buffet</er>.]</ety> <def>A niche, cupboard, or sideboard for plate, china, glass, etc.; a buffet.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>beaufet</b> . . . filled with gold and silver vessels.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beaufin</h1>
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<hw>Beau"fin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Biffin</er>.</def>

<i> Wright.</i>

<h1>Beau ideal</h1>
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<hw>Beau" i*de"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>beau</ets> beautiful + <ets>id\'82al</ets> ideal.]</ety> <def>A conception or image of consummate beauty, moral or physical, formed in the mind, free from all the deformities, defects, and blemishes seen in actual existence; an ideal or faultless standard or model.</def>

<h1>Beauish</h1>
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<hw>Beau"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Like a beau; characteristic of a beau; foppish; fine.</def> "A <i>beauish</i> young spark."

<i>Byrom.</i>

<h1>Beau monde</h1>
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<hw>Beau` monde"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>beau</ets> fine + <ets>monde</ets> world.]</ety> <def>The fashionable world; people of fashion and gayety.</def>

<i> Prior.</i>

<h1>Beaupere</h1>
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<hw>Beau"pere`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>beau p\'82re</ets>; <ets>beau</ets> fair + <ets>p\'82re</ets> father.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A father.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Wyclif.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A companion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Beauseant</h1>
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<hw>Beau`se`ant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>beauc\'82ant</ets>.]</ety> <def>The black and white standard of the Knights Templars.</def>

<h1>Beauship</h1>
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<hw>Beau"ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a beau; the personality of a beau.</def> <mark>[Jocular]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Beauteous</h1>
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<hw>Beau"te*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of beauty; beautiful; very handsome.</def>  <mark>[Mostly poetic]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Beau"te*ous*ly</def>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <def>Beau"te*ous*ness</def>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Beautied</h1>
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<hw>Beau"tied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Beautiful; embellished.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Beautifier</h1>
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<hw>Beau"ti*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, beautifies or makes beautiful.</def>

<h1>Beautiful</h1>
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<hw>Beau"ti*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the qualities which constitute beauty; pleasing to the sight or the mind.</def>

<blockquote>A circle is more <b>beautiful</b> than a square; a square is more <b>beautiful</b> than a parallelogram.
<i>Lord Kames.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Handsome; elegant; lovely; fair; charming; graceful; pretty; delightful.</syn> See <er>Fine</er>.

 -- <wordforms><wf>Beau"ti*ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Beau"ti*ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Beautify</h1>
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<hw>Beau"ti*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beautified</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beautifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Beauty</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make or render beautiful; to add beauty to; to adorn; to deck; to grace; to embellish.</def>

<blockquote>The arts that <b>beautify</b> and polish life.
<i> Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To adorn; grace; ornament; deck; decorate.</syn>

<h1>Beautify</h1>
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<hw>Beau"ti*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become beautiful; to advance in beauty.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Beautiless</h1>
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<hw>Beau"ti*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of beauty.</def>

<i> Hammond.</i>

<h1>Beauty</h1>
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<hw>Beau"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Beautie</plw>s <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>beaute</ets>, <ets>beute</ets>, OF. <ets>beaut\'82</ets>, <ets>biaut\'82</ets>, Pr. <ets>beltat</ets>, F. <ets>beaut\'82</ets>, fr. an assumed LL. <ets>bellitas</ets>, from L. <ets>bellus</ets> pretty. See <er>Beau</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An assemblage or graces or properties pleasing to the eye, the ear, the intellect, the \'91sthetic faculty, or the moral sense.</def>

<blockquote><b>Beauty</b> consists of a certain composition of color and figure, causing delight in the beholder.
<i> Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The production of <b>beauty</b> by a multiplicity of symmetrical parts uniting in a consistent whole.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The old definition of <b>beauty</b>, in the Roman school, was, "multitude in unity;" and there is no doubt that such is the principle of <b>beauty</b>.
<i> Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A particular grace, feature, ornament, or excellence; anything beautiful; <as>as, the <ex>beauties</ex> of nature</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A beautiful person, esp. a beautiful woman.</def>

<blockquote>All the admired <b>beauties</b> of Verona.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Prevailing style or taste; rage; fashion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She stained her hair yellow, which was then the <b>beauty</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Beauty spot</col>, <cd>a patch or spot placed on the face with intent to heighten beauty by contrast.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beaux</h1>
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<hw>Beaux</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <def><tt>pl.</tt> of <er>Beau</er>.</def>

<h1>Beauxite</h1>
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<hw>Beaux"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bauxite</er>.</def>

<h1>Beaver</h1>
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<hw>Bea"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bever</ets>, AS. <ets>beofer</ets>, <ets>befer</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bever</ets>, OHG. <ets>bibar</ets>, G. <ets>biber</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'84fver</ets>, Dan. <ets>b\'91ver</ets>, Lith. <ets>bebru</ets>, Russ. <ets>bobr'</ets>, Gael. <ets>beabhar</ets>, Corn. <ets>befer</ets>, L. <ets>fiber</ets>, and Skr. <ets>babhrus</ets> large ichneumon; also as an adj., <ets>brown</ets>, the animal being probably named from its color. <?/253. See <er>Brown</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An amphibious rodent, of the genus <spn>Castor</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; It has palmated hind feet, and a broad, flat tail. It is remarkable for its ingenuity in constructing its valued for its fur, and for the material called <i>castor</i>, obtained from two small bags in the groin of the animal. The European species is <spn>Castor fiber</spn>, and the American is generally considered a variety of this, although sometimes called <spn>Castor Canadensis</spn>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fur of the beaver.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A hat, formerly made of the fur of the beaver, but now usually of silk.</def>

<blockquote>A brown <b>beaver</b> slouched over his eyes.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Beaver cloth, a heavy felted woolen cloth, used chiefly for making overcoats.</def>

<cs><col>Beaver rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an aquatic ratlike quadruped of Tasmania (<spn>Hydromys chrysogaster</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Beaver skin</col>, <cd>the furry skin of the beaver.</cd> -- <col>Bank beaver</col>. <cd>See under 1st <er>Bank</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beaver</h1>
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<hw>Bea"ver</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>baviere</ets>, <ets>bauier</ets>, <ets>beavoir</ets>, <ets>bever</ets>; fr. F. <ets>bavi\'8are</ets>, fr. <ets>bave</ets> slaver, drivel, foam, OF., prattle, drivel, perh. orig. an imitative word. <ets>Bavi\'8are</ets>, according to Cotgrave, is the bib put before a (slavering) child.]</ety> <def>That piece of armor which protected the lower part of the face, whether forming a part of the helmet or fixed to the breastplate. It was so constructed (with joints or otherwise) that the wearer could raise or lower it to eat and drink.</def>

<h1>Beavered</h1>
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<hw>Bea"vered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with, or wearing, a beaver or hat.</def> "His <i>beavered</i> brow."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Beaverteen</h1>
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<hw>Bea"ver*teen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of fustian made of coarse twilled cotton, shorn after dyeing.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<hr>
<page="130">
Page 130<p>

<h1>Bebeerine, &or; Bebirine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Be*bee"rine</hw>, &or; <hw>Be*bi"rine</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid got from the bark of the <i>bebeeru, or green heart of Guiana (<spn>Nectandra Rodi\'d2i</spn>). It is a tonic, antiperiodic, and febrifuge, and is used in medicine as a substitute for quinine.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bibirine</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bebleed</h1>
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<hw>Be*bleed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make bloody; to stain with blood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Beblood, Bebloody</h1>
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<hw><hw>Be*blood"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Be*blood"y</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make bloody; to stain with blood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<h1>Beblot</h1>
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<hw>Be*blot"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To blot; to stain.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Beblubber</h1>
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<hw>Be*blub"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make swollen and disfigured or sullied by weeping; <as>as, her eyes or cheeks were <ex>beblubbered</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Becalm</h1>
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<hw>Be*calm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Becalmed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr.</tt> & <tt>vb</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <er>Becalming</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render calm or quiet; to calm; to still; to appease.</def>

<blockquote>Soft whispering airs . . . <b>becalm</b> the mind.
<i>Philips.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To keep from motion, or stop the progress of, by the stilling of the wind; <as>as, the fleet was <ex>becalmed</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Became</h1>
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<hw>Be*came"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Become</er>.</def>

<h1>Becard</h1>
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<hw>Bec"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American bird of the flycatcher family. (<spn>Tityra inquisetor</spn>).</def>

<h1>Because</h1>
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<hw>Be*cause"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bycause</ets>; <ets>by + cause</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>By or for the cause that; on this account that; for the reason that.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In order that; that.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And the multitude rebuked them <b>because</b> they should hold their peace.
<i>Matt. xx. 31.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Because of</col>, <cd>by reason of, on account of. <mark>[Prep. phrase.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote><b>Because of</b> these things cometh the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience.
<i>Eph. v. 6.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn, -- Because</er>, <er>For</er>, <er>Since</er>, <er>As</er>, <er>Inasmuch As</er>.</syn> <usage></syn> <usage> These particles are used, in certain connections, to assign the <i>reason</i> of a thing, or that "on account of" which it is or takes place. <i>Because</i> (by cause) is the strongest and most emphatic; as, I hid myself <i>because</i> I was afraid. <i>For</i> is not quite so strong; as, in Shakespeare, "I hate him, <i>for</i> he is a Christian." <i>Since</i> is less formal and more incidental than <i>because</i>; as, I will do it <i>since</i> you request me. It more commonly begins a sentence; as, <i>Since</i> your decision is made, I will say no more. <i>As</i> is still more incidental than <i>since</i>, and points to some existing fact by way of assigning a reason. Thus we say, <i>as</i> I knew him to be out of town, I did not call. <i>Inasmuch as</i> seems to carry with it a kind of <i>qualification</i> which does not belong to the rest. Thus, if we say, I am ready to accept your proposal, <i>inasmuch as</i> I believe it is the best you can offer, we mean, it is only with this understanding that we can accept it.</ususage>

<h1>Beccabunga</h1>
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<hw>Bec`ca*bun"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. (cf. It. <ets>beccabunga</ets>, G. <ets>bachbunge</ets>), fr. G. <ets>bach</ets> brook + <ets>bunge</ets>, OHG. <ets>bungo</ets>, bulb. See <er>Beck</er> a brook.]</ety> <def>See <er>Brooklime</er>.</def>

<h1>Beccafico</h1>
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<hw>Bec`ca*fi"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Beccaficos</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It., fr. <ets>beccare</ets> to peck + <ets>fico</ets> fig.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small bird. (<spn>Silvia hortensis</spn>), which is highly prized by the Italians for the delicacy of its flesh in the autumn, when it has fed on figs, grapes, etc.</def>

<h1>Bachamel</h1>
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<hw>Bach"a*mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82chamel</ets>, named from its inventor, Louis de <ets>B\'82chamel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A rich, white sauce, prepared with butter and cream.</def>

<h1>Bechance</h1>
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<hw>Be*chance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> for <ets>by + chance</ets>.]</ety> <def>By chance; by accident.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Grafton.</i>

<h1>Bechance</h1>
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<hw>Be*chance"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To befall; to chance; to happen to.</def>

<blockquote>God knows what hath <b>bechanced</b> them.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Becharm</h1>
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<hw>Be*charm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To charm; to captivate.</def>

<h1>B\'88che de mer</h1>
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<hw>B\'88che` de mer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., lit., a sea spade.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The trepang.</def>

<h1>Bechic</h1>
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<hw>Be"chic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, a. <ety>[L. <ets>bechicus</ets>, adj., for a cough, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <ets><?/</ets> cough: cf. F. <ets>b\'82chique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or relieving, a cough.</def> <i>Thomas</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine for relieving coughs.</def></def2>

<i>Quincy.</i>

<h1>Beck</h1>
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<hw>Beck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Beak</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Beck</h1>
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<hw>Beck</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bek</ets>, AS. <ets>becc</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bekkr</ets> brook, OHG. <ets>pah</ets>, G. <ets>bach</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small brook.</def>

<blockquote>The brooks, the <b>becks</b>, the rills.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beck</h1>
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<hw>Beck</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A vat. See <er>Back</er>.</def>

<h1>Beck</h1>
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<hw>Beck</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Becked</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Becking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Contr</ets>. <ets>of beckon</ets>.]</ety> <def>To nod, or make a sign with the head or hand.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Beck</h1>
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<hw>Beck</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To notify or call by a nod, or a motion of the head or hand; to intimate a command to.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>When gold and silver <b>becks</b> me to come on.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beck</h1>
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<hw>Beck</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A significant nod, or motion of the head or hand, esp. as a call or command.</def>

<blockquote>They have troops of soldiers at their <b>beck</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Becker</h1>
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<hw>Beck"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European fish (<spn>Pagellus centrodontus</spn>); the sea bream or braise.</def>

<h1>Becket</h1>
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<hw>Beck"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>bek</ets> beak, and E. <ets>beak</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small grommet, or a ring or loop of rope <?/ metal for holding things in position, as spars, ropes, etc.; also a bracket, a pocket, or a handle made of rope.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A spade for digging turf.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Beckon</h1>
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<hw>Beck"on</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beckoned</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beckoning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a significant sign to; hence, to summon, as by a motion of the hand.</def>

<blockquote>His distant friends, he <b>beckons</b> near.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It <b>beckons</b> you to go away with it.
<i>Shak</i>.

<h1>Beckon</h1>
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<hw>Beck"on</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sign made without words; a beck.</def> "At the first <i>beckon</i>."

<i>Bolingbroke.</i>

<h1>Beclap</h1>
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<hw>Be*clap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>biclappen</ets>.]</ety> <def>To catch; to grasp; to insnare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Beclip</h1>
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<hw>Be*clip"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beclipped</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>beclyppan</ets>; pref. <ets>be</ets> + <ets>clyppan</ets> to embrace.]</ety> <def>To embrace; to surround.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Becloud</h1>
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<hw>Be*cloud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beclouded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beclouding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause obscurity or dimness to; to dim; to cloud.</def>

<blockquote>If thou <b>becloud</b> the sunshine of thine eye.
<i>Quarles.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Become</h1>
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<hw>Be*come"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Became</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Become</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Becoming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bicumen</ets>, <ets>becumen</ets>, AS. <ets>becuman</ets> to come to, to happen; akin to D. <ets>bekomen</ets>, OHG.a <ets>piqu\'89man</ets>, Goth. <ets>biquiman</ets> to come upon, G. <ets>bekommen</ets> to get, suit. See <er>Be-</er>, and <er>Come</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pass from one state to another; to enter into some state or condition, by a change from another state, or by assuming or receiving new properties or qualities, additional matter, or a new character.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord God . . . breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man <b>became</b> a living soul.
<i>Gen. ii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That error now which is <b>become</b> my crime.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come; to get.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>But, madam, where is Warwick then <b>become</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To become of</col>, <cd>to be the present state or place of; to be the fate of; to be the end of; to be the final or subsequent condition of.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>What is then <b>become of</b> so huge a multitude?
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Become</h1>
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<hw>Be*come"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To suit or be suitable to; to be congruous with; to befit; to accord with, in character or circumstances; to be worthy of, or proper for; to cause to appear well; -- said of persons and things.</def>

<blockquote>It <b>becomes</b> me so to speak of so excellent a poet.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have known persons so anxious to have their dress <b>become</b> them, as to convert it, at length, into their proper self, and thus actually to <b>become</b> the dress.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Becomed</h1>
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<hw>Be*com"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Proper; decorous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And gave him what <b>becomed</b> love I might.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Becoming</h1>
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<hw>Be*com"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Appropriate or fit; congruous; suitable; graceful; befitting.</def>

<blockquote>A low and <b>becoming</b> tone.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<note>Formerly sometimes followed by <i>of</i>.</note>

<blockquote>Such discourses as are <b>becoming</b> of them.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Seemly; comely; decorous; decent; proper.</syn>

<h1>Becoming</h1>
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<hw>Be*com"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is becoming or appropriate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Becomingly</h1>
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<hw>Be*com"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a becoming manner.</def>

<h1>Becomingness</h1>
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<hw>Be*com"ing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being becoming, appropriate, or fit; congruity; fitness.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>becomingness</b> of human nature.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Becripple</h1>
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<hw>Be*crip"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a cripple of; to cripple; to lame.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Becuna</h1>
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<hw>Be*cu"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the Mediterranean (<spn>Sphyr\'91na spet</spn>). See <er>Barracuda</er>.</def>

<h1>Becurl</h1>
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<hw>Be*curl"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To curl; to adorn with curls.</def>

<h1>Bed</h1>
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<hw>Bed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bed</ets>, <ets>bedd</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>bed</ets>, D. <ets>bed</ets>, <ets>bedde</ets>, Icel. <ets>be<?/r</ets>, Dan. <ets>bed</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'84dd</ets>, Goth. <ets>badi</ets>, OHG. <ets>betti</ets>, G. <ets>bett</ets>, <ets>bette</ets>, bed, <ets>beet</ets> a plat of ground; all of uncertain origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An article of furniture to sleep or take rest in or on; a couch. Specifically: A sack or mattress, filled with some soft material, in distinction from the bedstead on which it is placed (as, a feather <i>bed</i>), or this with the bedclothes added. In a general sense, any thing or place used for sleeping or reclining on or in, as a quantity of hay, straw, leaves, or twigs.</def>

<blockquote>And made for him [a horse] a leafy <b>bed</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I wash, wring, brew, bake, . . . make the <b>beds</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In <b>bed</b> he slept not for my urging it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>(Used as the symbol of matrimony) Marriage.</def>

<blockquote>George, the eldest son of his second <b>bed</b>.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A plat or level piece of ground in a garden, usually a little raised above the adjoining ground.</def> "<i>Beds</i> of hyacinth and roses."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A mass or heap of anything arranged like a bed; <as>as, a <ex>bed</ex> of ashes or coals</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The bottom of a watercourse, or of any body of water; <as>as, the <ex>bed</ex> of a river</as>.</def>

<blockquote>So sinks the daystar in the ocean <b>bed</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A layer or seam, or a horizontal stratum between layers; <as>as, a <ex>bed</ex> of coal, iron, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gun carriage</er>, and <er>Mortar bed</er>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The horizontal surface of a building stone; <as>as, the upper and lower <ex>beds</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A course of stone or brick in a wall.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The place or material in which a block or brick is laid.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The lower surface of a brick, slate, or tile.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The foundation or the more solid and fixed part or framing of a machine; or a part on which something is laid or supported; <as>as, the <ex>bed</ex> of an engine</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>The superficial earthwork, or ballast, of a railroad.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <def>The flat part of the press, on which the form is laid.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Bed</i> is much used adjectively or in combination; as, <i>bed</i> key or bedkey; <i>bed</i> wrench or <i>bed</i>wrench; <i>bed</i>chamber; <i>bed</i>maker, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Bed of justice</col> <fld>(French Hist.)</fld>, <cd>the throne (F. <i>lit<i> bed) occupied by the king when sitting in one of his parliaments (judicial courts); hence, a session of a refractory parliament, at which the king was present for the purpose of causing his decrees to be registered.</cd> -- <col>To be brought to bed</col>, <cd>to be delivered of a child; -- often followed by <i>of<i>; as, to be <i>brought to bed of<i> a son.</cd> -- <col>To make a bed</col>, <cd>to prepare a bed; to arrange or put in order a bed and its bedding.</cd> -- <col>From bed and board</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a phrase applied to a separation by partial divorce of man and wife, without dissolving the bonds of matrimony. If such a divorce (now commonly called a <i>judicial separation<i>) be granted at the instance of the wife, she may have alimony.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bed</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place in a bed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make partaker of one's bed; to cohabit with.</def>

<blockquote>I'll to the Tuscan wars, and never <b>bed</b> her.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish with a bed or bedding.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To plant or arrange in beds; to set, or cover, as in a bed of soft earth; <as>as, to <ex>bed</ex> the roots of a plant in mold</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To lay or put in any hollow place, or place of rest and security, surrounded or inclosed; to embed; to furnish with or place upon a bed or foundation; <as>as, to <ex>bed</ex> a stone; it was <ex>bedded</ex> on a rock.</as></def>

<blockquote>Among all chains or clusters of mountains where large bodies of still water are <b>bedded</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>To dress or prepare the surface of stone) so as to serve as a bed.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To lay flat; to lay in order; to place in a horizontal or recumbent position.</def> "<i>Bedded</i> hair."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bed</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To go to bed; to cohabit.</def>

<blockquote>If he be married, and <b>bed</b> with his wife.
<i>Wiseman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bedabble</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*dab*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedabbled</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedabbling</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To dabble; to sprinkle or wet.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bedaff</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*daff"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a daff or fool of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bedagat</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"a*gat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The sacred books of the Buddhists in Burmah.</def>

<i>Malcom.</i>

<h1>Bedaggle</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*dag"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To daggle.</def>

<h1>Bedash</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*dash"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedashed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedashing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To wet by dashing or throwing water or other liquid upon; to bespatter.</def> "Trees <i>bedashed</i> with rain."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bedaub</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*daub"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedaubed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedaubing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To daub over; to besmear or soil with anything thick and dirty.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bedaub</b> foul designs with a fair varnish.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bedazzle</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*daz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedazzled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedazzling</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <def>To dazzle or make dim by a strong light.</def> "<i>Bedazzled</i> with the sun."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bedbug</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"bug`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wingless, bloodsucking, hemipterous insect (<spn>Cimex Lectularius</spn>), sometimes infesting houses and especially beds.  See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Bedchair</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"chair`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chair with adjustable back, for the sick, to support them while sitting up in bed.</def>

<h1>Bedchamber</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"cham`ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chamber for a bed; an apartment form sleeping in.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Lords of the bedchamber</col>, <cd>eight officers of the royal household, all of noble families, who wait in turn a week each.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Ladies of the bedchamber</col>, <cd>eight ladies, all titled, holding a similar official position in the royal household, during the reign of a queen. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Bedclothes</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"clothes`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Blankets, sheets, coverlets, etc., for a bed.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bedcord</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"cord`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cord or rope interwoven in a bedstead so as to support the bed.</def>

<h1>Bedded</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"ded</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Provided with a bed; <as>as, double-<ex>bedded</ex> room</as>; placed or arranged in a bed or beds.</def>

<h1>Bedding</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bedding</ets>, <ets>beding</ets>. See <er>Bed</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bed and its furniture; the materials of a bed, whether for man or beast; bedclothes; litter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The state or position of beds and layers.</def>

<h1>Bede</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bede</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bid</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To pray; also, to offer; to proffer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. of Gloucester. Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bede</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bede</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A kind of pickax.</def>

<h1>Bedeck</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*deck"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedecked</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedecking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deck, ornament, or adorn; to grace.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bedecked</b> with boughs, flowers, and garlands.
<i>Pennant.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bedeguar, Bedegar</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw><hw>Bed"e*guar</hw>, <hw>Bed"e*gar</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Per. <ets>b\'bed-\'beward</ets>, or <ets>b\'bed-\'bewardag</ets>, prop., a kind of white thorn or thistle.]</ety> <def>A gall produced on rosebushes, esp. on the sweetbrier or eglantine, by a puncture from the ovipositor of a gallfly (<spn>Rhodites ros\'91</spn>). It was once supposed to have medicinal properties.</def>

<h1>Bedehouse</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bede"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>,<tt>n.</tt>Same as <er>Beadhouse</er>.</def>

<h1>Bedel, Bedell</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw><hw>Be"del</hw>, <hw>Be"dell</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>,<tt>n.</tt>Same as <er>Beadle</er>.</def>

<h1>Bedelry</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be"del*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Beadleship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Beden</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Abyssinian or Arabian ibex (<spn>Capra Nubiana</spn>). It is probably the wild goat of the Bible.</def>

<h1>Bedesman</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bedes"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Beadsman</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bedevil</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*dev"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedevilled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedeviling</er> or <er>Bedevilling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw into utter disorder and confusion, as if by the agency of evil spirits; to bring under diabolical influence; to torment.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bedeviled</b> and used worse than St. Bartholomew.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To spoil; to corrupt.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Bedevilment</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*dev"il*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being bedeviled; bewildering confusion; vexatious trouble.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Bedew</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*dew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedewed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedewing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To moisten with dew, or as with dew.</def> "Falling tears his face <i>bedew</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Bedewer</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*dew"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, bedews.</def>

<h1>Bedewy</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*dew"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Moist with dew; dewy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Night with her <b>bedewy</b> wings.
<i>A. Brewer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bedfellow</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"fel`low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lies with another in the same bed; a person who shares one's couch.</def>

<h1>Bedfere  Bedphere</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw><hw>Bed"fere`  Bed"phere`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bed</ets> + AS. <ets>fera</ets> a companion.]</ety> <def>A bedfellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Chapman.</i>

<h1>Bedgown</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"gown`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nightgown.</def>

<h1>Bedight</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*dight"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Bedight</er>, <er>Bedighted</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bedeck; to array or equip; to adorn.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bedim</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*dim"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedimmed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedimming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make dim; to obscure or darken.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bedizen</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*diz"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dress or adorn tawdrily or with false taste.</def>

<blockquote>Remnants of tapestried hangings, . . . and shreds of pictures with which he had <b>bedizened</b> his tatters.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bedizenment</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Be*diz"en*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which bedizens; the act of dressing, or the state of being dressed, tawdrily.</def>

<h1>Bedkey</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"key`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instrument for tightening the parts of a bedstead.</def>

<h1>Bedlam</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"lam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bethlehem</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place appropriated to the confinement and care of the insane; a madhouse.</def>

<i>Abp. Tillotson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An insane person; a lunatic; a madman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Let's get the <b>bedlam</b> to lead him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any place where uproar and confusion prevail.</def>

<h1>Bedlam</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"lam</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to, or fit for, a madhouse.</def> "The <i>bedlam</i>, brainsick duchess."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bedlamite</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"lam*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inhabitant of a madhouse; a madman.</def> "Raving <i>bedlamites</i>."

<i>Beattie.</i>

<h1>Bedmaker</h1>
<Xpage=130>

<hw>Bed"mak`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes beds.</def>

<hr>
<page="131">
Page 131<p>

<h1>Bed-molding</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw><hw>Bed"-mold`ing</hw>  <hw>Bed"-mould`ing<hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The molding of a cornice immediately below the corona.</def>

<i> Oxf. Gloss.</i>

<h1>Bedote</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*dote"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to dote; to deceive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bedouin</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"ou*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82douin</ets>, OF. <ets>b\'82duin</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>bedaw\'c6</ets> rural, living in the desert, fr. <ets>badw</ets> desert, fr. <ets>bad\'be</ets> to live in the desert, to lead a nomadic life.]</ety> <def>One of the nomadic Arabs who live in tents, and are scattered over Arabia, Syria, and northern Africa, esp. in the deserts.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bed"ou*in*ism</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bedouin</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"ou*in</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the Bedouins; nomad.</def>

<h1>Bedpan</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"pan`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pan for warming beds.</def>

<i>Nares.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A shallow chamber vessel, so constructed that it can be used by a sick person in bed.</def>

<h1>Bedphere</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"phere`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bedfere</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Bedpiece, Bedplate</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw><hw>Bed"piece`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bed"plate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The foundation framing or piece, by which the other parts are supported and held in place; the bed; -- called also <altname>baseplate</altname> and <altname>soleplate</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bedpost</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"post`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the four standards that support a bedstead or the canopy over a bedstead.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anciently, a post or pin on each side of the bed to keep the clothes from falling off.  See <er>Bedstaff</er>.</def>

<i> Brewer.</i>

<h1>Bedquilt</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"quilt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A quilt for a bed; a coverlet.</def>

<h1>Bedrabble</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*drab"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To befoul with rain and mud; to drabble.</def>

<h1>Bedraggle</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*drag"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedraggled</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedraggling</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To draggle; to soil, as garments which, in walking, are suffered to drag in dust, mud, etc.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Bedrench</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*drench"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedrenched</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedrenching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To drench; to saturate with moisture; to soak.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bedribble</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*drib"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dribble upon.</def>

<h1>Bedrid, Bedridden</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw><hw>Bed"rid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bed"rid`den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bedrede</ets>, AS. <ets>bedreda</ets>, <ets>bedrida</ets>; from <ets>bed</ets>, <ets>bedd</ets>, a bed or couch + <ets>ridda</ets> a rider; cf. OHG. <ets>pettiriso</ets>, G. <ets>bettrise</ets>. See <er>Bed</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and <er>Ride</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> ]</ety> <def>Confined to the bed by sickness or infirmity.</def> "Her decrepit, sick, and <i>bedrid</i> father." <i>Shak</i>.  "The estate of a <i>bedridden</i> old gentleman." <i>Macaulay</i>.

<h1>Bedright  Bedrite</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw><hw>Bed"right`  Bed"rite`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bed</ets> + <ets>right</ets>, <ets>rite</ets>.]</ety> <def>The duty or privilege of the marriage bed.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bedrizzle</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*driz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To drizzle upon.</def>

<h1>Bed rock</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed" rock"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The solid rock underlying superficial formations.  Also <mark>Fig.</mark></def>

<h1>Bedroom</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"room</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A room or apartment intended or used for a bed; a lodging room.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Room in a bed.</def> <note>[In this sense preferably <asp>bed room</asp>.]</note>

<blockquote>Then by your side no <b>bed room</b> me deny.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bedrop</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*drop"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sprinkle, as with drops.</def>

<blockquote>The yellow carp, in scales <b>bedropped</b> with gold.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bedrug</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Be*drug"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To drug abundantly or excessively.</def>

<h1>Bed screw</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed" screw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> A form of jack screw for lifting large bodies, and assisting in launching.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A long screw formerly used to fasten a bedpost to one of the adjacent side pieces.</def>

<h1>Bedside</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"side`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The side of a bed.</def>

<h1>Bedsite</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"site`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A recess in a room for a bed.</def>

<blockquote>Of the three bedrooms, two have fireplaces, and all are of fair size, with windows and <b>bedsite</b> well placed.
<i>Quart. Rev.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bedsore</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"sore`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A sore on the back or hips caused by lying for a long time in bed.</def>

<h1>Bedspread</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"spread`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bedquilt; a counterpane; a coverlet.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Bedstaff</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"staff`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bedstaves</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>"A wooden pin stuck anciently on the sides of the bedstead, to hold the clothes from slipping on either side."</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<blockquote>Hostess, accommodate us with a <b>bedstaff</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Say there is no virtue in cudgels and <b>bedstaves</b>.
<i>Brome.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bedstead</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"stead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bed</ets> + <ets>stead</ets> a frame.]</ety> <def>A framework for supporting a bed.</def>

<h1>Bed steps</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed" steps`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Steps for mounting a bed of unusual height.</def>

<h1>Bedstock</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"stock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The front or the back part of the frame of a bedstead.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Bedstraw</h1>
<Xpage=131>

<hw>Bed"straw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Straw put into a bed.</def>

<i> Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of slender herbs, usually with square stems, whorled leaves, and small white flowers.</def>

<cs><col>Our Lady's bedstraw</col>, <cd>which has yellow flowers, is <spn>Galium verum</spn>.</cd> -- <col>White bedstraw</col> <cd>is <spn>G. mollugo</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bedswerver</h1>
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<hw>Bed"swerv`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who swerves from and is unfaithful to the marriage vow.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bedtick</h1>
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<hw>Bed"tick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tick or bag made of cloth, used for inclosing the materials of a bed.</def>

<h1>Bedtime</h1>
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<hw>Bed"time`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The time to go to bed.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Beduck</h1>
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<hw>Be*duck"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beducked</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To duck; to put the head under water; to immerse.</def> "Deep himself <i>beducked</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Beduin</h1>
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<hw>Bed"uin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bedouin</er>.</def>

<h1>Bedung</h1>
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<hw>Be*dung"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedunged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover with dung, as for manuring; to bedaub or defile, literally or figuratively.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Bedust</h1>
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<hw>Be*dust"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sprinkle, soil, or cover with dust.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Bedward</h1>
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<hw>Bed"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Towards bed.</def>

<h1>Bedwarf</h1>
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<hw>Be*dwarf"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedwarfed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a dwarf of; to stunt or hinder the growth of; to dwarf.</def>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Bedye</h1>
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<hw>Be*dye"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bedyed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bedyeing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To dye or stain.</def>

<blockquote>Briton fields with Sarazin blood <b>bedyed</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bee</h1>
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<hw>Bee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Be</er>; -- used for <i>been</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bee</h1>
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<hw>Bee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>be\'a2</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bij</ets> and <ets>bije</ets>, Icel. <ets>b<?/</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>bi</ets>, OHG. <ets>pini</ets>, G. <ets>biene</ets>, and perh. Ir. <ets>beach</ets>, Lith. <ets>bitis</ets>, Skr. <ets>bha</ets>. &root;97.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect of the order <spn>Hymenoptera</spn>, and family <spn>Apid\'91</spn> (the honeybees), or family <spn>Andrenid\'91</spn> (the solitary bees.) See <er>Honeybee</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; There are many genera and species. The common honeybee (<spn>Apis mellifica</spn>) lives in swarms, each of which has its own queen, its males or drones, and its very numerous workers, which are barren females. Besides the <spn>A. mellifica</spn> there are other species and varieties of honeybees, as the <spn>A. ligustica</spn> of Spain and Italy; the <spn>A. Indica</spn> of India; the <spn>A. fasciata</spn> of Egypt. The <i>bumblebee</i> is a species of <spn>Bombus</spn>. The tropical honeybees belong mostly to <spn>Melipoma</spn> and <spn>Trigona</spn>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A neighborly gathering of people who engage in united labor for the benefit of an individual or family; <as>as, a quilting <ex>bee</ex>; a husking <ex>bee</ex>; a raising <ex>bee</ex>.</as></def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<blockquote>The cellar . . . was dug by a <b>bee</b> in a single day.
<i> S. G. Goodrich.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[Prob. fr. AS. <ets>be\'a0h</ets> ring, fr. <ets>b<?/gan</ets> to bend. See 1st <er>Bow</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Pieces of hard wood bolted to the sides of the bowsprit, to reeve the fore-topmast stays through; -- called also <altname>bee blocks</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Bee beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beetle (<spn>Trichodes apiarius</spn>) parasitic in beehives.</cd> -- <col>Bee bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bird that eats the honeybee, as the European flycatcher, and the American kingbird.</cd> -- <col>Bee flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an orchidaceous plant of the genus <spn>Ophrys</spn> (<spn>O. apifera</spn>), whose flowers have some resemblance to bees, flies, and other insects.</cd> -- <col>Bee fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a two winged fly of the family <spn>Bombyliid\'91</spn>. Some species, in the larval state, are parasitic upon bees.</cd> -- <col>Bee garden</col>, <cd>a garden or inclosure to set beehives in ; an apiary.</cd> <i>Mortimer</i>. -- <col>Bee glue</col>, <cd>a soft, unctuous matter, with which bees cement the combs to the hives, and close up the cells; -- called also <altname>propolis</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Bee hawk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the honey buzzard.</cd> -- <col>Bee killer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large two-winged fly of the family <spn>Asilid\'91</spn> (esp. <spn>Trupanea apivora</spn>) which feeds upon the honeybee. See <er>Robber fly</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bee louse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a minute, wingless, dipterous insect (<spn>Braula c\'91ca</spn>) parasitic on hive bees.</cd> -- <col>Bee martin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the kingbird (<spn>Tyrannus Carolinensis</spn>) which occasionally feeds on bees.</cd> -- <col>Bee moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a moth (<spn>Galleria cereana</spn>) whose larv\'91 feed on honeycomb, occasioning great damage in beehives.</cd> -- <col>Bee wolf</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the bee beetle. See Illust. of <cref>Bee beetle</cref>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To have a bee in the head</col> &or; <col>in the bonnet</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be choleric.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be restless or uneasy.</cd> <i>B. Jonson</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To be full of fancies; to be a little crazy.</cd> "She's whiles crack-brained, and <i>has a bee in her head<i>." <i>Sir W. Scott</i>.</cs>

<h1>Beebread</h1>
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<hw>Bee"bread`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A brown, bitter substance found in some of the cells of honeycomb. It is made chiefly from the pollen of flowers, which is collected by bees as food for their young.</def>

<h1>Beech</h1>
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<hw>Beech</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Beeches</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>beche</ets>, AS. <ets>b<?/ce</ets>; akin to D. <ets>beuk</ets>, OHG. <ets>buocha</ets>, G. <ets>buche</ets>, Icel. <ets>beyki</ets>, Dan. <ets>b\'94g</ets>, Sw. <ets>bok</ets>, Russ. <ets>buk</ets>, L. <ets>fagus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> oak, <ets><?/</ets> to eat, Skr. <ets>bhaksh</ets>; the tree being named originally from the esculent fruit. See <er>Book</er>, and cf. 7th <er>Buck</er>, <er>Buckwheat</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree of the genus <spn>Fagus</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; It grows to a large size, having a smooth bark and thick foliage, and bears an edible triangular nut, of which swine are fond. The <spn>Fagus sylvatica</spn> is the European species, and the <spn>F. ferruginea</spn> that of America.</note>

<cs><col>Beech drops</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a parasitic plant which grows on the roots of beeches (<spn>Epiphegus Americana</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Beech marten</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the stone marten of Europe (<spn>Mustela foina</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Beech mast</col>, <cd>the nuts of the beech, esp. as they lie under the trees, in autumn.</cd> -- <col>Beech oil</col>, <cd>oil expressed from the mast or nuts of the beech tree.</cd> -- <col>Cooper beech</col>, <cd>a variety of the European beech with copper-colored, shining leaves.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beechen</h1>
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<hw>Beech"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>b<?/cen</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting, or made, of the wood or bark of the beech; belonging to the beech.</def> "Plain <i>beechen</i> vessels."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Beechnut</h1>
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<hw>Beech"nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The nut of the beech tree.</def>

<h1>Beech tree</h1>
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<hw>Beech" tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The beech.</def>

<h1>Beechy</h1>
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<hw>Beech"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to beeches.</def>

<h1>Bee-eater</h1>
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<hw>Bee"-eat`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bird of the genus <spn>Merops</spn>, that feeds on bees. The European species (<spn>M. apiaster</spn>) is remarkable for its brilliant colors.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An African bird of the genus <spn>Rhinopomastes</spn>.</def>

<h1>Beef</h1>
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<hw>Beef</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>boef</ets>, <ets>befe</ets>, <ets>beef</ets>, OF. <ets>boef</ets>, <ets>buef</ets>, F. <ets>b<?/ef</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bos</ets>, <ets>bovis</ets>, ox; akin to Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, Skr. <ets>g<?/</ets> cow, and E. <ets>cow</ets>. See 2d <er>Cow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An animal of the genus <spn>Bos</spn>, especially the common species, <spn>B. taurus</spn>, including the bull, cow, and ox, in their full grown state; esp., an ox or cow fattened for food.</def>  <note>[In this, which is the original sense, the word has a plural, <i>beeves</i> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</note>

<blockquote>A herd of <b>beeves</b>, fair oxen and fair kine.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The flesh of an ox, or cow, or of any adult bovine animal, when slaughtered for food.</def>  <note>[In this sense, the word has no plural.]</note> "Great meals of <i>beef</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Applied colloquially to human flesh.</def>

<h1>Beef</h1>
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<hw>Beef</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, beef.</def>

<cs><col>Beef tea</col>, <cd>essence of beef, or strong beef broth.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beefeater</h1>
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<hw>Beef"eat`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Beef</ets> + <ets>eater</ets>; prob. one who eats another's <ets>beef</ets>, as his servant. Cf. AS. <ets>hl\'bef<?/ta</ets> servant, properly a loaf eater.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who eats beef; hence, a large, fleshy person.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the yeomen of the guard, in England.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African bird of the genus <i>Buphaga</i>, which feeds on the larv\'91 of botflies hatched under the skin of oxen, antelopes, etc. Two species are known.</def>

<h1>Beefsteak</h1>
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<hw>Beef"steak`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A steak of beef; a slice of beef broiled or suitable for broiling.</def>

<h1>Beef-witted</h1>
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<hw>Beef"-wit`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Stupid; dull.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Beefwood</h1>
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<hw>Beef"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An Australian tree (<spn>Casuarina</spn>), and its red wood, used for cabinetwork; also, the trees <spn>Stenocarpus salignus</spn> of New South Wales, and <spn>Banksia compar</spn> of Queensland.</def>

<h1>Beefy</h1>
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<hw>Beef"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having much beef; of the nature of beef; resembling beef; fleshy.</def>

<h1>Beehive</h1>
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<hw>Bee"hive`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hive for a swarm of bees. Also used figuratively.</def>

<note>&hand; A common and typical form of <i>beehive</i> was a domeshaped inverted basket, whence certain ancient Irish and Scotch architectural remains are called <i>beehive houses</i>.</note>

<h1>Beehouse</h1>
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<hw>Bee"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house for bees; an apiary.</def>

<h1>Bee larkspur</h1>
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<hw>Bee" lark`spur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def><fld>(Bot.)</fld> See <er>Larkspur</er>.</def>

<h1>Beeld</h1>
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<hw>Beeld</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Beild</er>.</def>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Bee line</h1>
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<hw>Bee" line`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The shortest line from one place to another, like that of a bee to its hive when loaded with honey; an air line.</def> "A <i>bee line</i> for the brig."

<i>Kane.</i>

<h1>Beelzebub</h1>
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<hw>Be*el"ze*bub</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The title of a heathen deity to whom the Jews ascribed the sovereignty of the evil spirits; hence, the Devil or a devil. See <er>Baal</er>.</def>

<h1>Beem</h1>
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<hw>Beem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>b<?/me</ets>, <ets>b<?/me</ets>.]</ety> <def>A trumpet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Beemaster</h1>
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<hw>Bee"mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who keeps bees.</def>

<h1>Been</h1>
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<hw>Been</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[OE. <ets>beon</ets>, <ets>ben</ets>, <ets>bin</ets>, p. p. of <ets>been</ets>, <ets>beon</ets>, to be. See <er>Be</er>.]</ety> <def>The past participle of <er>Be</er>. In old authors it is also the pr. tense plural of <er>Be</er>. See 1st <er>Bee</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Assembled <b>been</b> a senate grave and stout.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beer</h1>
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<hw>Beer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>beor</ets>, <ets>ber</ets>, AS. <ets>be\'a2r</ets>; akin to Fries. <ets>biar</ets>, Icel. <ets>bj<?/rr</ets>, OHG. <ets>bior</ets>, D. & G. <ets>bier</ets>, and possibly E. <ets>brew</ets>. \'fb93, See <er>Brew</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fermented liquor made from any malted grain, but commonly from barley malt, with hops or some other substance to impart a bitter flavor.</def>

<note>&hand; Beer has different names, as <i>small beer</i>, <i>ale</i>, <i>porter</i>, <i>brown stout</i>, <i>lager beer</i>, according to its strength, or other qualities. See <er>Ale</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fermented extract of the roots and other parts of various plants, as spruce, ginger, sassafras, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Small beer</col>, <cd>weak beer; (<i>fig<i>.) insignificant matters. "To suckle fools, and chronicle <i>small beer<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Beeregar</h1>
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<hw>Beer"e*gar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Beer</ets> + <ets>eager</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sour beer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Beerhouse</h1>
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<hw>Beer"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house where malt liquors are sold; an alehouse.</def>

<h1>Beeriness</h1>
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<hw>Beer"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Beery condition.</def>

<h1>Beery</h1>
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<hw>Beer"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or resembling beer; affected by beer; maudlin.</def>

<h1>Beestings</h1>
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<hw>Beest"ings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Biestings</er>.</def>

<h1>Beeswax</h1>
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<hw>Bees"wax`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The wax secreted by bees, and of which their cells are constructed.</def>

<h1>Beeswing</h1>
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<hw>Bees"wing`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The second crust formed in port and some other wines after long keeping. It consists of pure, shining scales of tartar, supposed to resemble the wing of a bee.</def>

<h1>Beet</h1>
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<hw>Beet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bete</ets>, from L. <ets>beta</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A biennial plant of the genus <spn>Beta</spn>, which produces an edible root the first year and seed the second year.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The root of plants of the genus <i>Beta</i>, different species and varieties of which are used for the table, for feeding stock, or in making sugar.</def>

<note>&hand; There are many varieties of the common beet (<spn>Beta vulgaris</spn>). The Old "white beet", cultivated for its edible leafstalks, is a distinct species (<spn>Beta Cicla</spn>).</note>

<h1>Beete, Bete</h1>
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<hw><hw>Beete</hw>, <hw>Bete</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>b<?/tan</ets> to mend. See <er>Better</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To mend; to repair.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To renew or enkindle (a fire).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Beetle</h1>
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<hw>Bee"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>betel</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'c6tl</ets>, <ets>b<?/tl</ets>, mallet, hammer, fr. <ets>be\'a0tan</ets> to beat. See <er>Beat</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A heavy mallet, used to drive wedges, beat pavements, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A machine in which fabrics are subjected to a hammering process while passing over rollers, as in cotton mills; -- called also <altname>beetling machine</altname>.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<hr>
<page="132">
Page 132<p>

<h1>Beetle</h1>
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<hw>Bee"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beetled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beetling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat with a heavy mallet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To finish by subjecting to a hammering process in a beetle or beetling machine; <as>as, to <ex>beetle</ex> cotton goods</as>.</def>

<h1>Beetle</h1>
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<hw>Bee"tle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bityl</ets>, <ets>bittle</ets>, AS. <ets>b<?/tel</ets>, fr. <ets>b<?/tan</ets> to bite. See <er>Bite</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Any insect of the order Coleoptera, having four wings, the outer pair being stiff cases for covering the others when they are folded up. See <er>Coleoptera</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Beetle mite</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of many species of mites, of the family <spn>Oribatid\'91</spn>, parasitic on beetles.</cd> -- <col>Black beetle</col>, <cd>the common large black cockroach (<spn>Blatta orientalis</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Beetle</h1>
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<hw>Bee"tle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Beetlebrowed</er>.]</ety> <def>To extend over and beyond the base or support; to overhang; to jut.</def>

<blockquote>To the dreadful summit of the cliff
That <b>beetles</b> o'er his base into the sea.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Each <b>beetling</b> rampart, and each tower sublime.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beetle brow</h1>
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<hw>Bee"tle brow`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>An overhanging brow.</def>

<h1>Beetle-browed</h1>
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<hw>Bee"tle-browed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, a. <ety>[OE. <ets>bitelbrowed</ets>; cf. OE. <ets>bitel</ets>, adj., sharp, projecting, n., a beetle. See <er>Beetle</er> an insect.]</ety> <def>Having prominent, overhanging brows; hence, lowering or sullen.</def>

<note>&hand; The earlier meaning was, "Having bushy or overhanging eyebrows."</note>

<h1>Beetlehead</h1>
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<hw>Bee"tle*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Beetle</ets> a mallet + <ets>head</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A stupid fellow; a blockhead.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The black-bellied plover, or bullhead (<spn>Squatarola helvetica</spn>). See <er>Plover</er>.</def>

<h1>Beetle-headed</h1>
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<hw>Bee"tle-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dull; stupid.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Beetlestock</h1>
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<hw>Bee"tle*stock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The handle of a beetle.</def>

<h1>Beet radish</h1>
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<hw>Beet" rad`ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Same as <er>Beetrave</er>.</def>

<h1>Beetrave</h1>
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<hw>Beet"rave`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>betterave</ets>; <ets>bette</ets> beet + <ets>rave</ets> radish.]</ety> <def>The common beet (<spn>Beta vulgaris</spn>).</def>

<h1>Beeve</h1>
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<hw>Beeve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formed from <ets>beeves</ets>, pl. of <ets>beef</ets>.]</ety> <def>A beef; a beef creature.</def>

<blockquote>They would knock down the first <b>beeve</b> they met with.
<i> W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beeves</h1>
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<hw>Beeves</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>; plural of <er>Beef</er>, the animal.</def>

<h1>Befall</h1>
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<hw>Be*fall"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Befell</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Befallen</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Befalling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>befeallan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>feallan</ets> to fall.]</ety> <def>To happen to.</def>

<blockquote>I beseech your grace that I may know
The worst that may <b>befall</b> me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Befall</h1>
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<hw>Be*fall"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To come to pass; to happen.</def>

<blockquote>I have revealed . . . the discord which <b>befell</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Befit</h1>
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<hw>Be*fit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Befitted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Befitting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To be suitable to; to suit; to become.</def>

<blockquote>That name best <b>befits</b> thee.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Befitting</h1>
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<hw>Be*fit"ting</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suitable; proper; becoming; fitting.</def>

<h1>Befittingly</h1>
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<hw>Be*fit"ting*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a befitting manner; suitably.</def>

<h1>Beflatter</h1>
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<hw>Be*flat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To flatter excessively.</def>

<h1>Beflower</h1>
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<hw>Be*flow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To besprinkle or scatter over with, or as with, flowers.</def>

<i>Hobbes.</i>

<h1>Befog</h1>
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<hw>Be*fog"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Befogged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Befogging</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To involve in a fog; -- mostly as a participle or part. adj.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: To confuse; to mystify.</def>

<h1>Befool</h1>
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<hw>Be*fool"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Befooled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Befooling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>befolen</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>fol</ets> fool.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fool; to delude or lead into error; to infatuate; to deceive.</def>

<blockquote>This story . . . contrived to <b>befool</b> credulous men.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to behave like a fool; to make foolish.</def> "Some <i>befooling</i> drug."

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Before</h1>
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<hw>Be*fore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>beforen</ets>, <ets>biforen</ets>, <ets>before</ets>, AS. <ets>beforan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>foran</ets>, <ets>fore</ets>, before. See <er>Be-</er>, and <er>Fore</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In front of; preceding in space; ahead of; <as>as, to stand <ex>before</ex> the fire; <ex>before</ex> the house.</as></def>

<blockquote>His angel, who shall go
<b>Before</b> them in a cloud and pillar of fire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Preceding in time; earlier than; previously to; anterior to the time when; -- sometimes with the additional idea of purpose; in order that.</def>

<blockquote><b>Before</b> Abraham was, I am.
<i>John viii. 58.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Before</b> this treatise can become of use, two points are necessary.
<i> Swift.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Formerly <i>before</i>, in this sense, was followed by <i>that</i>. "<i>Before that</i> Philip called thee . . . I saw thee."</note>

<i> John i. 48.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An advance of; farther onward, in place or time.</def>

<blockquote>The golden age . . . is <b>before</b> us.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Prior or preceding in dignity, order, rank, right, or worth; rather than.</def>

<blockquote>He that cometh after me is preferred <b>before</b> me.
<i>John i. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The eldest son is <b>before</b> the younger in succession.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>In presence or sight of; face to face with; facing.</def>

<blockquote>Abraham bowed down himself <b>before</b> the people.
<i>Gen. xxiii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wherewith shall I come <b>before</b> the Lord?
<i>Micah vi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Under the cognizance or jurisdiction of.</def>

<blockquote>If a suit be begun <b>before</b> an archdeacon.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Open for; free of access to; in the power of.</def>

<blockquote>The world was all <b>before</b> them where to choose.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Before the mast</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>as a common sailor, -- because the sailors live in the forecastle, forward of the foremast.</cd> -- <col>Before the wind</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>in the direction of the wind and by its impulse; having the wind aft.</cd></cs>

<h1>Before</h1>
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<hw>Be*fore"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On the fore part; in front, or in the direction of the front; -- opposed to <i>in the rear</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The battle was <b>before</b> and behind.
<i>2 Chron. xiii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In advance.</def> "I come <i>befor</i>e to tell you."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In time past; previously; already.</def>

<blockquote>You tell me, mother, what I knew <b>before</b>.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Earlier; sooner than; until then.</def>

<blockquote>When the butt is out, we will drink water; not a drop <b>before</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Before</i> is often used in self-explaining compounds; as, <i>before</i>-cited, <i>before</i>-mentioned; <i>before</i>said.</note>

<h1>Beforehand</h1>
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<hw>Be*fore"hand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Before</ets> + <ets>hand</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In a state of anticipation ore preoccupation; in advance; -- often followed by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Agricola . . . resolves to be <b>beforehand</b> with the danger.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The last cited author has been <b>beforehand</b> with me.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By way of preparation, or preliminary; previously; aforetime.</def>

<blockquote>They may be taught <b>beforehand</b> the skill of speaking.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beforehand</h1>
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<hw>Be*fore"hand`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>In comfortable circumstances as regards property; forehanded.</def>

<blockquote>Rich and much <b>beforehand</b>.
<i> Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beforetime</h1>
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<hw>Be*fore"time`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Formerly; aforetime.</def>

<blockquote>[They] dwelt in their tents, as <b>beforetime</b>.
<i> 2 Kings xiii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Befortune</h1>
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<hw>Be*for"tune</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To befall.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>I wish all good <b>befortune</b> you.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Befoul</h1>
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<hw>Be*foul"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Befouled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Befouling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>bef<?/lan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>f<?/lan</ets> to foul. See <er>Foul</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make foul; to soil.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To entangle or run against so as to impede motion.</def>

<h1>Befriend</h1>
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<hw>Be*friend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Befriended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Befriending</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To act as a friend to; to favor; to aid, benefit, or countenance.</def>

<blockquote>By the darkness <b>befriended</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Befriendment</h1>
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<hw>Be*friend"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of befriending.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Befrill</h1>
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<hw>Be*frill"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish or deck with a frill.</def>

<h1>Befringe</h1>
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<hw>Be*fringe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with a fringe; to form a fringe upon; to adorn as with fringe.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Befuddle</h1>
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<hw>Be*fud"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Befuddled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>]</wordforms> <def>To becloud and confuse, as with liquor.</def>

<h1>Beg</h1>
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<hw>Beg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk. <ets>beg</ets>, pronounced <ets>bay</ets>. Cf. <er>Bey</er>, <er>Begum</er>.]</ety> <def>A title of honor in Turkey and in some other parts of the East; a bey.</def>

<h1>Beg</h1>
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<hw>Beg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Begged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Begging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>beggen</ets>, perh. fr. AS. <ets>bedecian</ets> (akin to Goth. <ets>bedagwa</ets> beggar), <ets>biddan</ets> to ask. (Cf. <er>Bid</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>); or cf. <ets>beghard</ets>, <ets>beguin</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ask earnestly for; to entreat or supplicate for; to beseech.</def>

<blockquote>I do <b>beg</b> your good will in this case.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[Joseph] <b>begged</b> the body of Jesus.
<i>Matt. xxvii. 58.</i></blockquote>

<note>Sometimes implying deferential and respectful, rather than earnest, asking; as, I <i>beg</i> your pardon; I <i>beg</i> leave to disagree with you.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To ask for as a charity, esp. to ask for habitually or from house to house.</def>

<blockquote>Yet have I not seen the righteous forsaken, nor his seed <b>begging</b> bread.
<i>Ps. xxxvii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make petition to; to entreat; <as>as, to beg a person to grant a favor</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To take for granted; to assume without proof.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>To ask to be appointed guardian for, or to ask to have a guardian appointed for.</def>

<blockquote>Else some will <b>beg</b> thee, in the court of wards.
<i>Harrington.</i></blockquote>

<cs>Hence: <col>To beg (one) for a fool</col>, <cd>to take him for a fool</cd>.</cs>

<cs><col>I beg to</col>, <cd>is an elliptical expression for <i>I beg leave to<i>; as, <i>I beg to<i> inform you.</cd> -- <col>To bag the question</col>, <cd>to assume that which was to be proved in a discussion, instead of adducing the proof or sustaining the point by argument.</cd> -- <col>To go a-begging</col>, <cd>a figurative phrase to express the absence of demand for something which elsewhere brings a price; as, grapes are so plentiful there that they <i>go a-begging<i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Beg</er>, <er>Ask</er>, <er>Request</er>.</syn> <usage></syn> <usage> To <i>ask</i> (not in the sense of inquiring)  is the generic term which embraces all these words. To <i>request</i> is only a polite mode of asking. To <i>beg</i>, in its original sense, was to ask with earnestness, and implied submission, or at least deference. At present, however, in polite life, <i>beg</i> has dropped its original meaning, and has taken the place of both <i>ask</i> and <i>request</i>, on the ground of its expressing more of deference and respect. Thus, we <i>beg</i> a person's acceptance of a present; we <i>beg</i> him to favor us with his company; a tradesman <i>begs</i> to announce the arrival of new goods, etc.  Crabb remarks that, according to present usage, "we can never talk of <i>asking</i> a person's acceptance of a thing, or of <i>asking</i> him to do us a favor." This can be more truly said of usage in England than in America.</usage>

<h1>Beg</h1>
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<hw>Beg</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To ask alms or charity, especially to ask habitually by the wayside or from house to house; to live by asking alms.</def>

<blockquote>I can not dig; to <b>beg</b> I am ashamed.
<i> Luke xvi. 3.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bega</h1>
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<hw>Be"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bigha</er>.</def>

<h1>Begem</h1>
<Xpage=132>

<hw>Be*gem"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Begemmed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Begemming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To adorn with gems, or as with gems.</def>

<blockquote><b>Begemmed</b> with dewdrops.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those lonely realms bright garden isles <b>begem</b>.
<i>Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beget</h1>
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<hw>Be*get"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Begot</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>(Archaic)</mark> <er>Begat</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Begot</er>, <er>Begotten</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Begetting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bigiten</ets>, <ets>bigeten</ets>, to get, beget, AS. <ets>begitan</ets> to get; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>gitan</ets>. See <er>Get</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To procreate, as a father or sire; to generate; -- commonly said of the father.</def>

<blockquote>Yet they a beauteous offspring shall <b>beget</b>.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To get (with child.)</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To produce as an effect; to cause to exist.</def>

<blockquote>Love is <b>begot</b> by fancy.
<i>Granville.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Begetter</h1>
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<hw>Be*get"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who begets; a father.</def>

<h1>Beggable</h1>
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<hw>Beg"ga*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being begged.</def>

<h1>Beggar</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>beggere</ets>, fr. <ets>beg</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who begs; one who asks or entreats earnestly, or with humility; a petitioner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who makes it his business to ask alms.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who is dependent upon others for support; -- a contemptuous or sarcastic use.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who assumes in argument what he does not prove.</def>

<i>Abp. Tillotson.</i>

<h1>Beggar</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beggared</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beggaring</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce to beggary; to impoverish; <as>as, he had <ex>beggared</ex> himself</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to seem very poor and inadequate.</def>

<blockquote>It <b>beggared</b> all description.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beggarhood</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being a beggar; also, the class of beggars.</def>

<h1>Beggarism</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Beggary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Beggarliness</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being beggarly; meanness.</def>

<h1>Beggarly</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the condition of, or like, a beggar; suitable for a beggar; extremely indigent; poverty-stricken; mean; poor; contemptible.</def>  "A bankrupt, <i>beggarly</i> fellow." <i>South</i>. "A <i>beggarly</i> fellowship."  <i>Swift</i>.  "<i>Beggarly</i> elements."  <i>Gal. iv. 9</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Produced or occasioned by beggary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Beggarly</b> sins, that is, those sins which idleness and beggary usually betray men to; such as lying, flattery, stealing, and dissimulation.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beggarly</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an indigent, mean, or despicable manner; in the manner of a beggar.</def>

<h1>Beggar's lice</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar's lice`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The prickly fruit or seed of certain plants (as some species of <spn>Echinospermum</spn> and <spn>Cynoglossum</spn>) which cling to the clothing of those who brush by them.</def>

<h1>Beggar's ticks</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar's ticks`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The bur marigold (<spn>Bidens</spn>) and its achenes, which are armed with barbed awns, and adhere to clothing and fleeces with unpleasant tenacity.</def>

<h1>Beggary</h1>
<Xpage=132>

<hw>Beg"gar*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>beggerie</ets>. See <er>Beggar</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of begging; the state of being a beggar; mendicancy; extreme poverty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Beggarly appearance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The freedom and the <b>beggary</b> of the old studio.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Indigence; want; penury; mendicancy.</syn>

<h1>Beggary</h1>
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<hw>Beg"gar*y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Beggarly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Beggestere</h1>
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<hw>Beg"ge*stere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Beg</ets> + <ets>-ster</ets>.]</ety> <def>A beggar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Beghard  Beguard</h1>
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<hw><hw>Be*ghard"</hw>  <hw>Be*guard"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82gard</ets>, <ets>b\'82guard</ets>; cf. G. <ets>beghard</ets>, LL. <ets>Beghardus</ets>, <ets>Begihardus</ets>, <ets>Begardus</ets>. Prob. from the root of <ets>beguine</ets> + <ets>-ard</ets> or <ets>-hard</ets>. See <er>Beguine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of an association of religious laymen living in imitation of the Beguines. They arose in the thirteenth century, were afterward subjected to much persecution, and were suppressed by Innocent X. in 1650.  Called also <i>Beguins</i>.</def>

<h1>Begild</h1>
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<hw>Be*gild"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Begilded</er> or <er>Begilt</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To gild.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Begin</h1>
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<hw>Be*gin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Began</er> <tt>(#)</tt>, <er>Begun</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beginning</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>beginnan</ets> (akin to OS. <ets>biginnan</ets>, D. & G. <ets>beginnen</ets>, OHG. <ets>biginnan</ets>, Goth., <ets>du-ginnan</ets>, Sw. <ets>begynna</ets>, Dan. <ets>begynde</ets>); pref. <ets>be-</ets> + an assumed <ets>ginnan</ets>. &root;31. See <er>Gin</er> to begin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have or commence an independent or first existence; to take rise; to commence.</def>

<blockquote>Vast chain of being! which from God <b>began</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To do the first act or the first part of an action; to enter upon or commence something new, as a new form or state of being, or course of action; to take the first step; to start.</def> "Tears <i>began</i> to flow."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>When I <b>begin</b>, I will also make an end.
<i> 1 Sam. iii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Begin</h1>
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<hw>Be*gin"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To enter on; to commence.</def>

<blockquote>Ye nymphs of Solyma ! <b>begin</b> the song.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To trace or lay the foundation of; to make or place a beginning of.</def>

<blockquote>The apostle <b>begins</b> our knowledge in the creatures, which leads us to the knowledge of God.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To commence; originate; set about; start.</syn>

<h1>Begin</h1>
<Xpage=132>

<hw>Be*gin"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Beginning.</def> <mark>[Poetic & Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Beginner</h1>
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<hw>Be*gin"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who begins or originates anything. Specifically: A young or inexperienced practitioner or student; a tyro.</def>

<blockquote>A sermon of a new <b>beginner</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beginning</h1>
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<hw>Be*gin"ning</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of doing that which begins anything; commencement of an action, state, or space of time; entrance into being or upon a course; the first act, effort, or state of a succession of acts or states.</def>

<blockquote>In the <b>beginning</b> God created the heaven and the earth.
<i> Gen. i. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which begins or originates something; the first cause; origin; source.</def>

<blockquote> I am . . . the <b>beginning</b> and the ending.
<i> Rev. i. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is begun; a rudiment or element.</def>

<blockquote>Mighty things from small <b>beginnings</b> grow.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Enterprise.</def> "To hinder our <i>beginnings</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Inception; prelude; opening; threshold; origin; outset; foundation.</syn>

<h1>Begird</h1>
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<hw>Be*gird"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Begirt</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Begirded</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Begirt</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Begirding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>begyrdan</ets> (akin to Goth. <ets>bigairdan</ets>); pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>gyrdan</ets> to gird.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bind with a band or girdle; to gird.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To surround as with a band; to encompass.</def>

<h1>Begirdle</h1>
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<hw>Be*gir"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surround as with a girdle.</def>

<h1>Begirt</h1>
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<hw>Be*girt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To encompass; to begird.</def>

<i> Milton.</i>

<h1>Beglerbeg</h1>
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<hw>Beg"ler*beg`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk. <ets>beglerbeg</ets>, fr. <ets>beg</ets>, pl. <ets>begler</ets>. See <er>Beg</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>The governor of a province of the Ottoman empire, next in dignity to the grand vizier.</def>

<h1>Begnaw</h1>
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<hw>Be*gnaw"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Begnawed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>(R.)</mark> <er>Begnawn</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>begnagan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>gnagan</ets> to gnaw.]</ety> <def>To gnaw; to eat away; to corrode.</def>

<blockquote>The worm of conscience still <b>begnaw</b> thy soul.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Begod</h1>
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<hw>Be*god"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Begodded</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To exalt to the dignity of a god; to deify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "<i>Begodded</i> saints."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Begone</h1>
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<hw>Be*gone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Be</ets>, v. i. + <ets>gone</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Go away; depart; get you gone.</def>

<h1>Begone</h1>
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<hw>Be*gone"</hw>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>begon</ets>, AS. <ets>big\'ben</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>g\'ben</ets> to go.]</ety> <def>Surrounded; furnished; beset; environed (as in woe-<i>begone</i>).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower. Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Begonia</h1>
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<hw>Be*go"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Michel <ets>Begon</ets>, a promoter of botany.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, mostly of tropical America, many species of which are grown as ornamental plants. The leaves are curiously one-sided, and often exhibit brilliant colors.</def>

<hr>
<page="133">
Page 133<p>

<h1>Begore</h1>
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<hw>Be*gore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To besmear with gore.</def>

<h1>Begot</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*got"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Beget</er>.</def>

<h1>Begotten</h1>
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<hw>Be*got"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Beget</er>.</def>

<h1>Begrave</h1>
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<hw>Be*grave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>grave</ets>; akin to G. <ets>begraben</ets>, Goth. <ets>bigraban</ets> to dig a ditch around.]</ety> <def>To bury; also, to engrave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Begrease</h1>
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<hw>Be*grease"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To soil or daub with grease or other oily matter.</def>

<h1>Begrime</h1>
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<hw>Be*grime"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Begrimed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Begriming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To soil with grime or dirt deeply impressed or rubbed in.</def>

<blockquote>Books falling to pieces and <b>begrimed</b> with dust.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Begrimer</h1>
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<hw>Be*grim"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, begrimes.</def>

<h1>Begrudge</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*grudge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Begrudged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Begrudging</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To grudge; to envy the possession of.</def>

<h1>Beguile</h1>
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<hw>Be*guile"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beguiled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beguiling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To delude by guile, artifice, or craft; to deceive or impose on, as by a false statement; to lure.</def>

<blockquote>The serpent <b>beguiled</b> me, and I did eat.
<i>Gen. iii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To elude, or evade by craft; to foil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When misery could <b>beguile</b> the tyrant's rage.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause the time of to pass without notice; to relieve the tedium or weariness of; to while away; to divert.</def>

<blockquote>Ballads . . . to <b>beguile</b> his incessant wayfaring.
<i> W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To delude; deceive; cheat; insnare; mislead; amuse; divert; entertain.</syn>

<h1>Beguilement</h1>
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<hw>Be*guile"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of beguiling, or the state of being beguiled.</def>

<h1>Beguiler</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*guil"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, beguiles.</def>

<h1>Beguiling</h1>
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<hw>Be*guil"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Alluring by guile; deluding; misleading; diverting.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*guil"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Beguin</h1>
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<hw>Be`guin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Beghard</er>.</def>

<h1>Beguinage</h1>
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<hw>Be`gui`nage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A collection of small houses surrounded by a wall and occupied by a community of Beguines.</def>

<h1>Beguine</h1>
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<hw>Be`guine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82guine</ets>; LL. <ets>beguina</ets>, <ets>beghina</ets>; fr. Lambert <ets>le B\'8ague</ets> (the Stammerer) the founder of the order. (<ets>Du Cange</ets>.)]</ety> <def>A woman belonging to one of the religious and charitable associations or communities in the Netherlands, and elsewhere, whose members live in beguinages and are not bound by perpetual vows.</def>

<h1>Begum</h1>
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<hw>Be"gum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per., fr. Turk., perh. properly queen mother, fr. Turk. <ets>beg</ets> (see <er>Beg</er>, <tt>n.</tt>) + Ar. <ets>umm</ets> mother.]</ety> <def>In the East Indies, a princess or lady of high rank.</def>

<i>Malcom.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Begun</h1>
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<hw>Be*gun"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Begin</er>.</def>

<h1>Behalf</h1>
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<hw>Be*half"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>on-behalve</ets> in the name of, <ets>bihalven</ets> by the side of, fr. AS. <ets>healf</ets> half, also side, part: akin to G. <ets>halb</ets> half, <ets>halber</ets> on account of. See <er>Be-</er>, and <er>Half</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Advantage; favor; stead; benefit; interest; profit; support; defense; vindication.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>behalf</b> of his mistress's beauty.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Against whom he had contracted some prejudice in <b>behalf</b> of his nation.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>In behalf of</col>, <cd>in the interest of.</cd> -- <col>On behalf of</col>, <cd>on account of; on the part of.</cd></cs>

<h1>Behappen</h1>
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<hw>Be*hap"pen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To happen to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Behave</h1>
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<hw>Be*have"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Behaved</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Behaving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>behabban</ets> to surround, restrain, detain (akin to G. <ets>gehaben</ets> (obs.) to have, <ets>sich gehaben</ets> to behave or carry one's self); pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>habban</ets> to have. See <er>Have</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To manage or govern in point of behavior; to discipline; to handle; to restrain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He did <b>behave</b> his anger ere 't was spent.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To carry; to conduct; to comport; to manage; to bear; -- used reflexively.</def>

<blockquote>Those that <b>behaved</b> themselves manfully.
<i>2 Macc. ii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Behave</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*have"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act; to conduct; to bear or carry one's self; <as>as, to <ex>behave</ex> well or ill</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; This verb is often used colloquially without an adverb of manner; as, if he does not <i>behave</i>, he will be punished. It is also often applied to inanimate objects; as, the ship <i>behaved</i> splendidly.</note>

<h1>Behavior</h1>
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<hw>Be*hav"ior</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Manner of behaving, whether good or bad; mode of conducting one's self; conduct; deportment; carriage; -- used also of inanimate objects; <as>as, the <ex>behavior</ex> of a ship in a storm; the <ex>behavior</ex> of the magnetic needle.</as></def>

<blockquote>A gentleman that is very singular in his <b>behavior</b>.
<i>Steele.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To be upon one's good behavior</col>, <col>To be put upon one's good behavior</col></mcol>, <cd>to be in a state of trial, in which something important depends on propriety of conduct.</cd> -- <col>During good behavior</col>, <cd>while (or so long as) one conducts one's self with integrity and fidelity or with propriety.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Bearing; demeanor; manner.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Behavior</er>, <er>Conduct</er>. <i>Behavior</i> is the mode in which we <i>have</i> or <i>bear</i> ourselves in the presence of others or toward them; <i>conduct</i> is the mode of our carrying ourselves forward in the concerns of life. <i>Behavior</i> respects our manner of acting in particular cases; <i>conduct</i> refers to the general tenor of our actions. We may say of soldiers, that their <i>conduct</i> had been praiseworthy during the whole campaign, and their <i>behavior</i> admirable in every instance when they met the enemy.</usage>

<h1>Behead</h1>
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<hw>Be*head"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beheaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beheading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bihefden</ets>, AS. <ets>behe\'a0fdian</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>he\'a0fod</ets> head. See <er>Head</er>.]</ety> <def>To sever the head from; to take off the head of.</def>

<h1>Beheadal</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*head"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>,<tt>n.</tt>Beheading.</def> <mark>[Modern]</mark>

<h1>Beheld</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*held"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Behold</er>.</def>

<h1>Behemoth</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be"he*moth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>behem<?/th</ets>, fr. Egyptian <ets>P-ehe-maut</ets> hippopotamus.]</ety> <def>An animal, probably the hippopotamus, described in <i>Job xl. 15-24</i>.</def>

<h1>Behen, Behn</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw><hw>Be"hen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Behn</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. & Ar. <ets>bahman</ets>, <ets>behmen</ets>, an herb, whose leaves resemble ears of corn, saffron.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The <spn>Centaurea behen</spn>, or saw-leaved centaury.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The <spn>Cucubalus behen</spn>, or bladder campion, now called <spn>Silene inflata</spn>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The <spn>Statice limonium</spn>, or sea lavender.</def>

<h1>Behest</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>biheste</ets> promise, command, AS. <ets>beh<?/s</ets> promise; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>h<?/s</ets> command. See <er>Hest</er>, <er>Hight</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is willed or ordered; a command; a mandate; an injunction.</def>

<blockquote>To do his master's high <b>behest</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vow; a promise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The time is come that I should send it her, if I keep the <b>behest</b> that I have made.
<i>Paston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Behest</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hest"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To vow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Paston.</i>

<h1>Behete</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Behight</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Behight</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hight"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Behight</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Behight</er>, <er>Behoten</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bihaten</ets>, AS. <ets>beh\'betan</ets> to vow, promise; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>h\'betan</ets> to call, command. See <er>Hight</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <mark>[Obs. in all its senses.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To promise; to vow.</def>

<blockquote><b>Behight</b> by vow unto the chaste Minerve.
<i>Surrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give in trust; to commit; to intrust.</def>

<blockquote>The keys are to thy hand <b>behight</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To adjudge; to assign by authority.</def>

<blockquote>The second was to Triamond <b>behight</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To mean, or intend.</def>

<blockquote>More than heart <b>behighteth</b>.
<i>Mir. for Mag.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To consider or esteem to be; to declare to be.</def>

<blockquote>All the lookers-on him dead <b>behight</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To call; to name; to address.</def>

<blockquote>Whom . . . he knew and thus <b>behight</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To command; to order.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>behight</b> those gates to be unbarred.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Behight</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hight"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A vow; a promise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Surrey.</i>

<h1>Behind</h1>
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<hw>Be*hind"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>behindan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>hindan</ets>. See <er>Hind</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On the side opposite the front or nearest part; on the back side of; at the back of; on the other side of; <as>as, <ex>behind</ex> a door; <ex>behind</ex> a hill.</as></def>

<blockquote>A tall Brabanter, <b>behind</b> whom I stood.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Left after the departure of, whether this be by removing to a distance or by death.</def>

<blockquote>A small part of what he left <b>behind</b> him.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Left a distance by, in progress of improvement Hence: Inferior to in dignity, rank, knowledge, or excellence, or in any achievement.</def>

<blockquote>I was not a whit <b>behind</b> the very chiefest apostles.
<i>2 Cor. xi. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Behind</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hind"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At the back part; in the rear.</def> "I shall not lag <i>behind</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Toward the back part or rear; backward; <as>as, to look <ex>behind</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not yet brought forward, produced, or exhibited to view; out of sight; remaining.</def>

<blockquote>We can not be sure that there is no evidence <b>behind</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Backward in time or order of succession; past.</def>

<blockquote>Forgetting those things which are <b>behind</b>.
<i> Phil. ii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>After the departure of another; <as>as, to stay behind</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Leave not a rack <b>behind</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Behind</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hind"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The backside; the rump.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Behindhand</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*hind"hand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Behind</ets> + <ets>hand</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In arrears financially; in a state where expenditures have exceeded the receipt of funds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a state of backwardness, in respect to what is seasonable or appropriate, or as to what should have been accomplished; not equally forward with some other person or thing; dilatory; backward; late; tardy; <as>as, <ex>behindhand</ex> in studies or in work</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In this also [dress] the country are very much <b>behindhand</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Behither</h1>
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<hw>Be*hith"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>On this side of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Two miles <b>behither</b> Clifden.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Behold</h1>
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<hw>Be*hold"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beheld</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt> (<tt>p. p</tt>. formerly <er>Beholden</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, now used only as a <tt>p. a</tt>.); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Beholding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bihalden</ets>, <ets>biholden</ets>, AS. <ets>behealdan</ets> to hold, have in sight; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>healdan</ets> to hold, keep; akin to G. <ets>behalten</ets> to hold, keep. See <er>Hold</er>.]</ety> <def>To have in sight; to see clearly; to look at; to regard with the eyes.</def>

<blockquote>When he <b>beheld</b> the serpent of brass, he lived.
<i>Num. xxi. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Behold</b> the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world.
<i> John. i. 29.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To scan; gaze; regard; descry; view; discern.</syn>

<h1>Behold</h1>
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<hw>Be*hold"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To direct the eyes to, or fix them upon, an object; to look; to see.</def>

<blockquote>And I <b>beheld</b>, and, lo, in the midst of the throne, . . . a lamb as it had been slain.
<i> Rev. v. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beholden</h1>
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<hw>Be*hold"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <ety>[Old p. p. of <ets>behold</ets>, used in the primitive sense of the simple verb <ets>hold</ets>.]</ety> <def>Obliged; bound in gratitude; indebted.</def>

<blockquote>But being so <b>beholden</b> to the Prince.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beholder</h1>
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<hw>Be*hold"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who beholds; a spectator.</def>

<h1>Beholding</h1>
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<hw>Be*hold"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Obliged; beholden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I was much bound and <b>beholding</b> to the right reverend father.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So much hath Oxford been <b>beholding</b> to her nephews, or sister's children.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beholding</h1>
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<hw>Be*hold"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of seeing; sight; also, that which is beheld.</def>

<i> Shak.</i>

<h1>Beholdingness</h1>
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<hw>Be*hold"ing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt><def>, The state of being obliged or beholden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Behoof</h1>
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<hw>Be*hoof"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>to bihove</ets> for the use of, AS. <ets>beh<?/f</ets> advantage, a word implied in <ets>beh<?/fl\'c6c</ets> necessary; akin to Sw. <ets>behof</ets>, Dan. <ets>behov</ets>, G. <ets>behuf</ets>, and E. <ets>heave</ets>, the root meaning <ets>to seize</ets>, hence the meanings "to hold, make use of." See <er>Heave</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Advantage; profit; benefit; interest; use.</def>

<blockquote>No mean recompense it brings
To your <b>behoof</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Behoovable</h1>
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<hw>Be*hoov"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Supplying need; profitable; advantageous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Behoove</h1>
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<hw>Be*hoove"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Behooved</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Behooving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bihoven</ets>, <ets>behoven</ets>, AS. <ets>beh<?/fian</ets> to have need of, fr. <ets>beh<?/f</ets>. See <er>Behoof</er>.]</ety> <def>To be necessary for; to be fit for; to be meet for, with respect to necessity, duty, or convenience; -- mostly used impersonally.</def>

<blockquote>And thus it <b>behooved</b> Christ to suffer.
<i> Luke xxiv. 46.</i></blockquote>

<altsp>[Also written <asp>behove</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Behoove</h1>
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<hw>Be*hoove"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be necessary, fit, or suitable; to befit; to belong as due.</def>

<i> Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Behoove</h1>
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<hw>Be*hoove"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Advantage; behoof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It shall not be to his <b>behoove</b>.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Behooveful</h1>
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<hw>Be*hoove"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Advantageous; useful; profitable.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*hoove"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Be*hoove"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Archaic]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Behove</h1>
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<hw>Be*hove"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt><def>, and derivatives. See <er>Behoov</er>e, & c.</def>

<h1>Behovely</h1>
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<hw>Be*hove"ly</hw>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Useful, or usefully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Behowl</h1>
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<hw>Be*howl"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To howl at.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The wolf <b>behowls</b> the moon.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beige</h1>
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<hw>Beige</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Debeige.</def>

<h1>Beild</h1>
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<hw>Beild</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from the same root as <ets>build</ets>, v. t.]</ety> <def>A place of shelter; protection; refuge.</def>  <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark> <altsp>[Also written <asp>bield</asp> and <asp>beeld</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>The random <b>beild</b> o' clod or stane.
<i>Burns.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Being</h1>
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<hw>Be"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. pr.</tt> from <er>Be</er>. <def>Existing.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Being</i> was formerly used where we now use <i>having</i>. "<i>Being</i> to go to a ball in a few days." <i>Miss Edgeworth</i>.</note>

<note>&hand; In modern usage, <i>is</i>, <i>are</i>, <i>was</i> or <i>were being</i>, with a past participle following (as <i>built</i>, <i>made</i>, etc.) indicates the process toward the completed result expressed by the participle. The form <i>is</i> or <i>was building</i>, in this passive signification, is idiomatic, and, if free from ambiguity, is commonly preferable to the modern <i>is</i> or <i>was being built</i>. The last form of speech is, however, sufficiently authorized by approved writers. The older expression was <i>is</i>, or <i>was</i>, <i>a-building</i> or <i>in building</i>.</note>

<blockquote>A man who <b>is being</b> strangled.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>While the article on Burns <b>was being</b> written.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fresh experience <b>is</b> always <b>being</b> gained.
<i> Jowett (Thucyd. )</i></blockquote>

<h1>Being</h1>
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<hw>Be"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Existence, as opposed to nonexistence; state or sphere of existence.</def>

<blockquote>In Him we live, and move, and have our <b>being</b>.
<i>Acts xvii. 28.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which exists in any form, whether it be material or spiritual, actual or ideal; living existence, as distinguished from a thing without life; <as>as, a human <ex>being</ex>; spiritual <ex>beings</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>What a sweet <b>being</b> is an honest mind !
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>Being</b> of infinite benevolence and power.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lifetime; mortal existence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Claudius, thou
Wast follower of his fortunes in his <b>being</b>.
<i>Webster (1654).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An abode; a cottage.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<blockquote>It was a relief to dismiss them [Sir Roger's servants] into little <b>beings</b> within my manor.
<i> Steele.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Being</h1>
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<hw>Be"ing</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Since; inasmuch as.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>And <b>being</b> you have
Declined his means, you have increased his malice.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bejade</h1>
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<hw>Be*jade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To jade or tire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bejape</h1>
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<hw>Be*jape"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To jape; to laugh at; to deceive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bejaundice</h1>
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<hw>Be*jaun"dice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To infect with jaundice.</def>

<h1>Bejewel</h1>
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<hw>Be*jew"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bejeweled</er> or <er>Bejewelled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bejeweling</er> or <er>Bejewelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To ornament with a jewel or with jewels; to spangle.</def> "<i>Bejeweled</i> hands."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Bejumble</h1>
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<hw>Be*jum"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To jumble together.</def>

<h1>Bekah</h1>
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<hw>Be"kah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb.]</ety> <def>Half a shekel.</def>

<h1>Beknave</h1>
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<hw>Be*knave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To call knave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Beknow</h1>
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<hw>Be*know"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To confess; to acknowledge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bel</h1>
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<hw>Bel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Babylonian name of the god known among the Hebrews as <i>Baal</i>. See <er>Baal</er>.</def>

<i>Baruch vi. 41.</i>

<h1>Belabor</h1>
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<hw>Be*la"bor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belabored</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Belaboring</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ply diligently; to work carefully upon.</def> "If the earth is <i>belabored</i> with culture, it yieldeth corn."

<i>Barrow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To beat soundly; to cudgel.</def>

<blockquote>Ajax <b>belabors</b> there a harmless ox.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bel-accoyle</h1>
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<hw>Bel`-ac*coyle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bel</ets> beautiful + <ets>accueil</ets> reception.]</ety> <def>A kind or favorable reception or salutation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Belace</h1>
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<hw>Be*lace"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belaced</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To fasten, as with a lace or cord.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover or adorn with lace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beaumont.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To beat with a strap. See <er>Lace</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Belam</h1>
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<hw>Be*lam"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lam</er>.]</ety> <def>To beat or bang.</def> <mark>[Prov. & Low, Eng.]</mark>

<i> Todd.</i>

<h1>Belamour</h1>
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<hw>Bel"a*mour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bel amour</ets> fair love.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A lover.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A flower, but of what kind is unknown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Her snowy brows, like budded <b>belamours</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Belamy</h1>
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<hw>Bel"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bel ami</ets> fair friend.]</ety> <def>Good friend; dear friend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Belate</h1>
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<hw>Be*late"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Belating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To retard or make too late.</def>

<i>Davenant.</i>

<h1>Belated</h1>
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<hw>Be*lat"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Delayed beyond the usual time; too late; overtaken by night; benighted.</def>  "Some <i>belated</i> peasant." <i>Milton</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Be*lat"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms> <i>Milton</i>.

<h1>Belaud</h1>
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<hw>Be*laud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To laud or praise greatly.</def>

<h1>Belay</h1>
<Xpage=133>

<hw>Be*lay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belaid</er>, <er>Belayed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Belaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For senses 1 & 2, D. <ets>beleggen</ets> to cover, belay; akin to E. pref. <ets>be-</ets>, and <ets>lay</ets> to place: for sense 3, OE. <ets>beleggen</ets>, AS. <ets>belecgan</ets>. See pref. <er>Be-</er>, and <er>Lay</er> to place.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay on or cover; to adorn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Jacket . . . <b>belayed</b> with silver lace.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To make fast, as a rope, by taking several turns with it round a pin, cleat, or kevel.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lie in wait for with a view to assault. Hence: to block up or obstruct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<cs><col>Belay thee</col><cd>! Stop.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="134">
Page 134<p>

<h1>Belaying pin</h1>
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<hw>Be*lay"ing pin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A strong pin in the side of a vessel, or by the mast, round which ropes are wound when they are fastened or belayed.</def>

<h1>Belch</h1>
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<hw>Belch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Belching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>belken</ets>, AS. <ets>bealcan</ets>, akin to E. <ets>bellow</ets>. See <er>Bellow</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To eject or throw up from the stomach with violence; to eruct.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>belched</b> a hurricane of wind.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To eject violently from within; to cast forth; to emit; to give vent to; to vent.</def>

<blockquote>Within the gates that now
Stood open wide, <b>belching</b> outrageous flame.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Belch</h1>
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<hw>Belch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To eject wind from the stomach through the mouth; to eructate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To issue with spasmodic force or noise.</def>

<i> Dryden.</i>

<h1>Belch</h1>
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<hw>Belch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of belching; also, that which is belched; an eructation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Malt liquor; -- vulgarly so called as causing eructation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dennis.</i>

<h1>Belcher</h1>
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<hw>Belch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, belches.</def>

<h1>Beldam Beldame</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bel"dam Bel"dame</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bel-</ets>, denoting relationship + <ets>dame</ets> mother: cf. F. <ets>belledame</ets> fair lady, It. <ets>belladonna</ets>. See <er>Belle</er>, and <er>Dame</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Grandmother; -- corresponding to belsire.</def>

<blockquote>To show the <b>beldam</b> daughters of her daughter.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An old woman in general; especially, an ugly old woman; a hag.</def>

<blockquote>Around the <b>beldam</b> all erect they hang.
<i>Akenside.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beleaguer</h1>
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<hw>Be*lea"guer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beleaguered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beleaguering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D. <ets>belegeren</ets> (akin to G. <ets>belagern</ets>, Sw. <ets>bel\'84gra</ets>, Dan. <ets>beleire</ets>); pref. <ets>be-</ets> = E. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>leger</ets> bed, camp, army, akin to E. <ets>lair</ets>. See <er>Lair</er>.]</ety> <def>To surround with an army so as to preclude escape; to besiege; to blockade.</def>

<blockquote>The wail of famine in <b>beleaguered</b> towns.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To block up; environ; invest; encompass.</syn>

<h1>Beleaguerer</h1>
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<hw>Be*lea"guer*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who beleaguers.</def>

<h1>Beleave</h1>
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<hw>Be*leave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beleft</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To leave or to be left.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> May.</i>

<h1>Belecture</h1>
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<hw>Be*lec"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belectured</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Belecturing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To vex with lectures; to lecture frequently.</def>

<h1>Belee</h1>
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<hw>Be*lee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To place under the lee, or unfavorably to the wind.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Belemnite</h1>
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<hw>Be*lem"nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> dart, fr. <ets><?/</ets> dart, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to throw: cf. F. <ets>b\'82lemnite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A conical calcareous fossil, tapering to a point at the lower extremity, with a conical cavity at the other end, where it is ordinarily broken; but when perfect it contains a small chambered cone, called the phragmocone, prolonged, on one side, into a delicate concave blade; the thunderstone. It is the internal shell of a cephalopod related to the sepia, and belonging to an extinct family. The belemnites are found in rocks of the Jurassic and Cretaceous ages.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bel*em*nit"ic</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Beleper</h1>
<Xpage=134>

<hw>Be*lep"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belepered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To infect with leprosy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Bel-esprit</h1>
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<hw>Bel"-es*prit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Beaux</plw><plw>-esprits</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F., fine wit.]</ety> <def>A fine genius, or man of wit.</def> "A man of letters and a <i>bel esprit</i>."

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<h1>Belfry</h1>
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<hw>Bel"fry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>berfray</ets> movable tower used in sieges, OF. <ets>berfreit</ets>, <ets>berfroit</ets>, F. <ets>beffroi</ets>, fr. MHG. <ets>bervrit</ets>, <ets>bercvrit</ets>, G. <ets>bergfriede</ets>, fr. MHG. <ets>bergen</ets> to protect (G. <ets>bergen</ets> to conceal) + <ets>vride</ets> peace, protection, G. <ets>friede</ets> peace; in compounds often taken in the sense of security, or place of security; orig. therefore a place affording security. G. <ets>friede</ets> is akin to E. <ets>free</ets>. See <er>Burg</er>, and <er>Free</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A movable tower erected by besiegers for purposes of attack and defense.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bell tower, usually attached to a church or other building, but sometimes separate; a campanile.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A room in a tower in which a bell is or may be hung; or a cupola or turret for the same purpose.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The framing on which a bell is suspended.</def>

<h1>Belgard</h1>
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<hw>Bel*gard"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>bel guardo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sweet or loving look.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Belgian</h1>
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<hw>Bel"gi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Belgium.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A native or inhabitant of Belgium.</def></def2>

<h1>Belgic</h1>
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<hw>Bel"gic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Belgicus</ets>, fr. <ets>Belgae</ets> the Belgians.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the <i>Belg\'91</i>, a German tribe who anciently possessed the country between the Rhine, the Seine, and the ocean.</def>

<blockquote>How unlike their <b>Belgic</b> sires of old.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the Netherlands or to Belgium.</def>

<h1>Belgravian</h1>
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<hw>Bel*gra"vi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to Belgravia (a fashionable quarter of London, around Pimlico), or to fashionable life; aristocratic.</def>

<h1>Belial</h1>
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<hw>Be"li*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>beli ya'al</ets>; <ets>beli</ets> without + <ets>ya'al</ets> profit.]</ety> <def>An evil spirit; a wicked and unprincipled person; the personification of evil.</def>

<blockquote>What concord hath Christ with <b>Belia</b> ?
<i>2 Cor. vi. 15.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>A son</col> (or man) <col>of Belial</col></mcol>, <cd>a worthless, wicked, or thoroughly depraved person.</cd>  <i>1 Sam. ii. 12.</i></cs>

<h1>Belibel</h1>
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<hw>Be*li"bel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Libel</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <def>To libel or traduce; to calumniate.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Belie</h1>
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<hw>Be*lie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Belying</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bilien</ets>, <ets>bili<?/en</ets>, AS. <ets>bele\'a2gan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>le\'a2gan</ets> to lie. See <er>Lie</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To show to be false; to convict of, or charge with, falsehood.</def>

<blockquote>Their trembling hearts <b>belie</b> their boastful tongues.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give a false representation or account of.</def>

<blockquote>Should I do so, I should <b>belie</b> my thoughts.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To tell lie about; to calumniate; to slander.</def>

<blockquote>Thou dost <b>belie</b> him, Percy, thou dost belie him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To mimic; to counterfeit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To fill with lies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "The breath of slander doth <i>belie</i> all corners of the world."

<i> Shak.</i>

<h1>Belief</h1>
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<hw>Be*lief"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bileafe</ets>, <ets>bileve</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>gele\'a0fa</ets>. See <er>Believe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Assent to a proposition or affirmation, or the acceptance of a fact, opinion, or assertion as real or true, without immediate personal knowledge; reliance upon word or testimony; partial or full assurance without positive knowledge or absolute certainty; persuasion; conviction; confidence; <as>as, <ex>belief</ex> of a witness; the <ex>belief</ex> of our senses.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Belief</b> admits of all degrees, from the slightest suspicion to the fullest assurance.
<i>Reid.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>A persuasion of the truths of religion; faith.</def>

<blockquote>No man can attain [to] <b>belief</b> by the bare contemplation of heaven and earth.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The thing believed; the object of belief.</def>

<blockquote>Superstitious prophecies are not only the <b>belief</b> of fools, but the talk sometimes of wise men.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A tenet, or the body of tenets, held by the advocates of any class of views; doctrine; creed.</def>

<blockquote>In the heat of persecution to which Christian <b>belief</b> was subject upon its first promulgation.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ultimate belief</col>, <cd>a first principle incapable of proof; an intuitive truth; an intuition.</cd></cs>

<i> Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Credence; trust; reliance; assurance; opinion.</syn>

<h1>Beliefful</h1>
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<hw>Be*lief"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having belief or faith.</def>

<h1>Believable</h1>
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<hw>Be*liev"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being believed; credible.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*liev"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Be*liev`a*bil"i*ty</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Believe</h1>
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<hw>Be*lieve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Believed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Believing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bileven</ets> (with pref. <ets>be-</ets> for AS. <ets>ge-</ets>), fr. AS. <ets>gel<?/fan</ets>, <ets>gel<?/fan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>gelooven</ets>, OHG. <ets>gilouban</ets>, G. <ets>glauben</ets>, OS. <ets>gil<?/bian</ets>, Goth. <ets>galaubjan</ets>, and Goth. <ets>liubs</ets> dear. See <er>Lief</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Leave</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To exercise belief in; to credit upon the authority or testimony of another; to be persuaded of the truth of, upon evidence furnished by reasons, arguments, and deductions of the mind, or by circumstances other than personal knowledge; to regard or accept as true; to place confidence in; to think; to consider; <as>as, to <ex>believe</ex> a person, a statement, or a doctrine</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Our conqueror (whom I now
Of force <b>believe</b> almighty).
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>King Agrippa, <b>believest</b> thou the prophets ?
<i>Acts xxvi.<?/7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Often followed by a dependent clause.
I <b>believe</b> that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.
<i>Acts viii. 37.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Expect</er>.</syn>

<h1>Believe</h1>
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<hw>Be*lieve"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have a firm persuasion, esp. of the truths of religion; to have a persuasion approaching to certainty; to exercise belief or faith.</def>

<blockquote>Lord, I <b>believe</b>; help thou mine unbelief.
<i>Mark ix. 24.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With the heart man <b>believeth</b> unto righteousness.
<i>Rom. x. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To think; to suppose.</def>

<blockquote>I will not <b>believe</b> so meanly of you.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To believe in</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To believe that the subject of the thought (if a person or thing) exists, or (if an event) that it has occurred, or will occur; -- as, to <i>believe in<i> the resurrection of the dead.</cd>  "She does not <i>believe in<i> Jupiter." <i>J. H. Newman</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To believe that the character, abilities, and purposes of a person are worthy of entire confidence; -- especially that his promises are wholly trustworthy.</cd> "Let not your heart be troubled: ye <i>believe in<i> God, <i>believe<i> also <i>in<i> me." <i>John xiv. 1</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To believe that the qualities or effects of an action or state are beneficial: as, to <i>believe in<i> sea bathing, or <i>in<i> abstinence from alcoholic beverages.</cd> -- <col>To believe on</col>, <cd>to accept implicitly as an object of religious trust or obedience; to have faith in.</cd></cs>

<h1>Believer</h1>
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<hw>Be*liev"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who believes; one who is persuaded of the truth or reality of some doctrine, person, or thing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>One who gives credit to the truth of the Scriptures, as a revelation from God; a Christian; -- in a more restricted sense, one who receives Christ as his Savior, and accepts the way of salvation unfolded in the gospel.</def>

<blockquote>Thou didst open the Kingdom of Heaven to all <b>believers</b>.
<i> Book of Com. Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who was admitted to all the rights of divine worship and instructed in all the mysteries of the Christian religion, in distinction from a catechumen, or one yet under instruction.</def>

<h1>Believing</h1>
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<hw>Be*liev"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That believes; having belief.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*liev"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Belight</h1>
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<hw>Be*light"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To illuminate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cowley.</i>

<h1>Belike</h1>
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<hw>Be*like"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> (for <ets>by</ets>) + <ets>like</ets>.]</ety> <def>It is likely or probably; perhaps.</def>  <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*like"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote><b>Belike</b>, boy, then you are in love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Belime</h1>
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<hw>Be*lime"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belimed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To besmear or insnare with birdlime.</def>

<h1>Belittle</h1>
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<hw>Be*lit"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belittled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Belittling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make little or less in a moral sense; to speak of in a depreciatory or contemptuous way.</def>

<i>T. Jefferson.</i>

<h1>Belive</h1>
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<hw>Be*live"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Live</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Forthwith; speedily; quickly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Belk</h1>
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<hw>Belk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Belch</er>.]</ety> <def>To vomit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bell</h1>
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<hw>Bell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>belle</ets>, fr. <ets>bellan</ets> to bellow. See <er>Bellow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hollow metallic vessel, usually shaped somewhat like a cup with a flaring mouth, containing a clapper or tongue, and giving forth a ringing sound on being struck.</def>

<note>&hand; Bells have been made of various metals, but the best have always been, as now, of an alloy of copper and tin.</note>

<cs><col>The Liberty Bell</col>, <cd>the famous bell of the Philadelphia State House, which rang when the Continental Congress declared the Independence of the United States, in 1776. It had been cast in 1753, and upon it were the words "Proclaim liberty throughout all the land, to all the inhabitants thereof."</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hollow perforated sphere of metal containing a loose ball which causes it to sound when moved.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything in the form of a bell, as the cup or corol of a flower.</def> "In a cowslip's <i>bell</i> I lie."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>That part of the capital of a column included between the abacus and neck molding; also used for the naked core of nearly cylindrical shape, assumed to exist within the leafage of a capital.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The strikes of the bell which mark the time; or the time so designated.</def>

<note>&hand; On shipboard, time is marked by a bell, which is struck eight times at 4, 8, and 12 o'clock. Half an hour after it has struck "eight bells" it is struck once, and at every succeeding half hour the number of strokes is increased by one, till at the end of the four hours, which constitute a watch, it is struck eight times.</note>

<cs><col>To bear away the bell</col>, <cd>to win the prize at a race where the prize was a bell; hence, to be superior in something.</cd> <i>Fuller</i>. -- <col>To bear the bell</col>, <cd>to be the first or leader; -- in allusion to the bellwether or a flock, or the leading animal of a team or drove, when wearing a bell.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To curse by bell</col>, <col>book</col>, <col>and candle</col></mcol>, <cd>a solemn form of excommunication used in the Roman Catholic church, the bell being tolled, the book of offices for the purpose being used, and three candles being extinguished with certain ceremonies.</cd> <i>Nares</i>. -- <col>To lose the bell</col>, <cd>to be worsted in a contest.</cd>  "In single fight he <i>lost the bell<i>." <i>Fairfax</i>. -- <col>To shake the bells</col>, <cd>to move, give notice, or alarm.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Bell</i> is much used adjectively or in combinations; as, <i>bell</i> clapper; <i>bell</i> foundry; <i>bell</i> hanger; <i>bell-</i>mouthed; <i>bell</i> tower, etc., which, for the most part, are self-explaining.</note>

<cs><col>Bell arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an arch of unusual form, following the curve of an ogee.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Bell cage</col>, or <col>Bell carriage</col></mcol> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a timber frame constructed to carry one or more large bells.</cd> -- <col>Bell cot</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a small or subsidiary construction, frequently corbeled out from the walls of a structure, and used to contain and support one or more bells.</cd> -- <col>Bell deck</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the floor of a belfry made to serve as a roof to the rooms below.</cd> -- <col>Bell founder</col>, <cd>one whose occupation it is to found or cast bells.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Bell foundry</col>, or <col>Bell foundery</col></mcol>, <cd>a place where bells are founded or cast.</cd> -- <col>Bell gable</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a small gable-shaped construction, pierced with one or more openings, and used to contain bells.</cd> -- <col>Bell glass</col>. <cd>See <er>Bell jar</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bell hanger</col>, <cd>a man who hangs or puts up bells.</cd> -- <col>Bell pull</col>, <cd>a cord, handle, or knob, connecting with a bell or bell wire, and which will ring the bell when pulled.</cd> <i>Aytoun</i>. -- <col>Bell punch</col>, <cd>a kind of conductor's punch which rings a bell when used.</cd> -- <col>Bell ringer</col>, <cd>one who rings a bell or bells, esp. one whose business it is to ring a church bell or chime, or a set of musical bells for public entertainment.</cd> -- <col>Bell roof</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a roof shaped according to the general lines of a bell.</cd> -- <col>Bell rope</col>, <cd>a rope by which a church or other bell is rung.</cd> -- <col>Bell tent</col>, <cd>a circular conical-topped tent.</cd> -- <col>Bell trap</col>, <cd>a kind of bell shaped stench trap.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bell</h1>
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<hw>Bell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Belling</er>.]</wordforms> <def> To put a bell upon; <as>as, to <ex>bell</ex> the cat</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make bell-mouthed; <as>as, to <ex>bell</ex> a tube</as>.</def>

<h1>Bell</h1>
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<hw>Bell</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To develop bells or corollas; to take the form of a bell; to blossom; <as>as, hops <ex>bell</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Bell</h1>
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<hw>Bell</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bellan</ets>. See <er>Bellow</er>.]</ety> <def>To utter by bellowing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bell</h1>
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<hw>Bell</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To call or bellow, as the deer in rutting time; to make a bellowing sound; to roar.</def>

<blockquote>As loud as <b>belleth</b> wind in hell.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The wild buck <b>bells</b> from ferny brake.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Belladonna</h1>
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<hw>Bel`la*don"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., literally fine lady; <ets>bella</ets> beautiful + <ets>donna</ets> lady.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An herbaceous European plant (<spn>Atropa belladonna</spn>) with reddish bell-shaped flowers and shining black berries. The whole plant and its fruit are very poisonous, and the root and leaves are used as powerful medicinal agents. Its properties are largely due to the alkaloid atropine which it contains. Called also <altname>deadly nightshade</altname>.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A species of <spn>Amaryllis</spn> <spn>(A. belladonna)</spn>; the belladonna lily.</def>

<h1>Bell animalcule</h1>
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<hw>Bell" an`i*mal"cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An infusorian of the family <spn>Vorticellid\'91</spn>, common in fresh-water ponds.</def>

<h1>Bell bearer</h1>
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<hw>Bell" bear`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Brazilian leaf hopper (<spn>Bocydium tintinnabuliferum</spn>), remarkable for the four bell-shaped appendages of its thorax.</def>

<h1>Bellbird</h1>
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<hw>Bell"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from their notes.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A South American bird of the genus <spn>Casmarhincos</spn>, and family <spn>Cotingid\'91</spn>, of several species; the campanero.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The <spn>Myzantha melanophrys</spn> of Australia.</def>

<h1>Bell crank</h1>
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<hw>Bell" crank`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A lever whose two arms form a right angle, or nearly a right angle, having its fulcrum at the apex of the angle. It is used in bell pulls and in changing the direction of bell wires at angles of rooms, etc., and also in machinery.</def>

<hr>
<page="135">
Page 135<p>

<h1>Belle</h1>
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<hw>Belle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>belle</ets>, fem. of <ets>bel</ets>, <ets>beau</ets>, beautiful, fine. See <er>Beau</er>.]</ety> <def>A young lady of superior beauty and attractions; a handsome lady, or one who attracts notice in society; a fair lady.</def>

<h1>Belled</h1>
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<hw>Belled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hung with a bell or bells.</def>

<h1>Belle-lettrist</h1>
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<hw>Belle-let"trist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in belleslettres.</def>

<h1>Bellerophon</h1>
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<hw>Bel*ler"o*phon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of fossil univalve shells, believed to belong to the Heteropoda, peculiar to the Paleozoic age.</def>

<h1>Belles-lettres</h1>
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<hw>Belles-let"tres</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Polite or elegant literature; the humanities; -- used somewhat vaguely for literary works in which imagination and taste are predominant.</def>

<h1>Belletristic, Belletristical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bel`le*tris"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bel`le*tris"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Occupied with, or pertaining to, belles-lettres.</def> "An unlearned, <i>belletristic</i> trifler."

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Bell-faced</h1>
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<hw>Bell"-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the striking surface convex; -- said of hammers.</def>

<h1>Bellflower</h1>
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<hw>Bell"flow`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus Campanula; -- so named from its bell-shaped flowers.</def>

<h1>Bellflower</h1>
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<hw>Bell"flow`er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bellefleur</ets>, lit., beautiful flower.]</ety> <def>A kind of apple. The yellow bellflower is a large, yellow winter apple.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bellefleur</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bellibone</h1>
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<hw>Bel"li*bone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>belle et bonne</ets>, beautiful and good.]</ety> <def>A woman excelling both in beauty and goodness; a fair maid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bellic, Bellical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bel"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bel"li*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bellicus</ets>. See <er>Bellicose</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to war; warlike; martial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "<i>Bellic</i> C\'91sar."

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Bellicose</h1>
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<hw>Bel"li*cose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bellicosu</ets>s, fr. <ets>bellicus</ets> of war, fr. <ets>bellum</ets> war. See <er>Duel</er>.]</ety> <def>Inclined to war or contention; warlike; pugnacious.</def>

<blockquote>Arnold was, in fact, in a <b>bellicose</b> vein.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bellicosely</h1>
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<hw>Bel"li*cose`ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a bellicose manner.</def>

<h1>Bellicous</h1>
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<hw>Bel"li*cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bellicose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bellied</h1>
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<hw>Bel"lied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, a. Having (such) a belly; puffed out; -- used in composition; <as>as, pot-<ex>bellied</ex>; shad-<ex>bellied</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Belligerence, Belligerency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bel*lig"er*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bel*lig"er*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being belligerent; act or state of making war; warfare.</def>

<h1>Belligerent</h1>
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<hw>Bel*lig"er*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bellum</ets> war + <ets>gerens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, waging, <tt>p. pr.</tt> of <ets>gerere</ets> to wage: cf. F. <ets>bellig\'82rant</ets>. See <er>Bellicose</er>, <er>Jest</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Waging war; carrying on war.</def> "<i>Belligerent</i> powers."

<i> E. Everett.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining, or tending, to war; of or relating to belligerents; <as>as, a <ex>belligerent</ex> tone; <ex>belligerent</ex> rights.</as></def>

<h1>Belligerent</h1>
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<hw>Bel*lig"er*ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nation or state recognized as carrying on war; a person engaged in warfare.</def>

<h1>Belligerently</h1>
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<hw>Bel*lig"er*ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a belligerent manner; hostilely.</def>

<h1>Belling</h1>
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<hw>Bell"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bell</er> to bellow.]</ety> <def>A bellowing, as of a deer in rutting time.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Bellipotent</h1>
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<hw>Bel*lip"o*tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bellipotens</ets>; <ets>bellum</ets> war + <ets>potens</ets> powerful, <tt>p. pr.</tt> of <ets>posse</ets> to be able.]</ety> <def>Mighty in war; armipotent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Bell jar</h1>
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<hw>Bell" jar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Phys.)</fld> <def>A glass vessel, varying in size, open at the bottom and closed at the top like a bell, and having a knob or handle at the top for lifting it. It is used for a great variety of purposes; <as>as, with the air pump, and for holding gases, also for keeping the dust from articles exposed to view</as>.</def>

<h1>Bellman</h1>
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<hw>Bell"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A man who rings a bell, especially to give notice of anything in the streets. Formerly, also, a night watchman who called the hours.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bell metal</h1>
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<hw>Bell" met`al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A hard alloy or bronze, consisting usually of about three parts of copper to one of tin; -- used for making bells.</def>

<cs><col>Bell metal ore</col>, <cd>a sulphide of tin, copper, and iron; the mineral stannite.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bell-mouthed</h1>
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<hw>Bell"-mouthed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expanding at the mouth; <as>as, a <ex>bell-mouthed</ex> gun</as>.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Bellon</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel"lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Lead colic.</def>

<h1>Bellona</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel*lo"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from <ets>bellum</ets> war.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>The goddess of war.</def>

<h1>Bellow</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bellowed</er> ; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bellowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>belwen</ets>, <ets>belowen</ets>, AS. <ets>bylgean</ets>, fr. <ets>bellan</ets>; akin to G. <ets>bellen</ets>, and perh. to L. <ets>flere</ets> to weep, OSlav. <ets>bleja</ets> to bleat, Lith. <ets>balsas</ets> voice. Cf. <er>Bell</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <ets>v</ets>., <er>Bawl</er>, <er>Bull</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a hollow, loud noise, as an enraged bull.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bowl; to vociferate; to clamor.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To roar; as the sea in a tempest, or as the wind when violent; to make a loud, hollow, continued sound.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>bellowing</b> voice of boiling seas.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bellow</h1>
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<hw>Bel"low</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To emit with a loud voice; to shout; -- used with <i>out</i>.</def> "Would <i>bellow</i> out a laugh."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Bellow</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel"low</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A loud resounding outcry or noise, as of an enraged bull; a roar.</def>

<h1>Bellower</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel"low*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, bellows.</def>

<h1>Bellows</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel"lows</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bely</ets>, <ets>below</ets>, belly, bellows, AS. <ets>b\'91lg</ets>, <ets>b\'91lig</ets>, bag, bellows, belly. Bellows is prop. a pl. and the orig. sense is bag. See <er>Belly</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument, utensil, or machine, which, by alternate expansion and contraction, or by rise and fall of the top, draws in air through a valve and expels it through a tube for various purposes, as blowing fires, ventilating mines, or filling the pipes of an organ with wind.</def>

<cs><col>Bellows camera</col>, <cd>in photography, a form of camera, which can be drawn out like an accordion or <i>bellows<i>.</cd> -- <col>Hydrostatic bellows</col>. <cd>See <er>Hydrostatic</er>.</cd> -- <col>A pair of bellows</col>, <cd>the ordinary household instrument for blowing fires, consisting of two nearly heart-shaped boards with handles, connected by leather, and having a valve and tube.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bellows fish</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel"lows fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European fish (<spn>Centriscus scolopax</spn>), distinguished by a long tubular snout, like the pipe of a bellows; -- called also <altname>trumpet fish</altname>, and <altname>snipe fish</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bell pepper</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bell" pep`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of Capsicum, or Guinea pepper <spn>(C. annuum)</spn>. It is the red pepper of the gardens.</def>

<h1>Bell-shaped</h1>
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<hw>Bell"-shaped`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the shape of a widemouthed bell; campanulate.</def>

<h1>Belluine</h1>
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<hw>Bel"lu*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>belluinus</ets>, fr. <ets>bellua</ets> beast.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or like, a beast; brutal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Animal and <b>belluine</b> life.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bellwether</h1>
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<hw>Bell"weth`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wether, or sheep, which leads the flock, with a bell on his neck.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A leader.</def> <mark>[Contemptuous]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Bellwort</h1>
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<hw>Bell"wort"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants (Uvularia) with yellowish bell-shaped flowers.</def>

<h1>Belly</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bellies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>bali</ets>, <ets>bely</ets>, AS. <ets>belg</ets>, <ets>b\'91lg</ets>, <ets>b\'91lig</ets>, bag, bellows, belly; akin to Icel. <ets>belgr</ets> bag, bellows, Sw. <ets>b\'84lg</ets>, Dan. <ets>b\'91lg</ets>, D. & G. <ets>balg</ets>, cf. W. <ets>bol</ets> the paunch or belly, dim. <ets>boly</ets>, Ir. <ets>bolg</ets>. Cf. <er>Bellows</er>, <er>Follicle</er>, <er>Fool</er>, <er>Bilge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That part of the human body which extends downward from the breast to the thighs, and contains the bowels, or intestines; the abdomen.</def>

<note>&hand; Formerly all the splanchnic or visceral cavities were called bellies; -- the <i>lower belly</i> being the abdomen; the <i>middle belly</i>, the thorax; and the <i>upper belly</i>, the head.</note>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The under part of the body of animals, corresponding to the human belly.</def>

<blockquote>Underneath the <b>belly</b> of their steeds.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The womb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Before I formed thee in the <b>belly</b> I knew thee.
<i>Jer. i. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The part of anything which resembles the human belly in protuberance or in cavity; the innermost part; <as>as, the <ex>belly</ex> of a flask, muscle, sail, ship</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Out of the <b>belly</b> of hell cried I.
<i>Jonah ii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The hollow part of a curved or bent timber, the convex part of which is the back.</def>

<cs><col>Belly doublet</col>, <cd>a doublet of the 16th century, hanging down so as to cover the belly. <i>Shak<i>.</cd> -- <col>Belly fretting</col>, <cd>the chafing of a horse's belly with a girth. <i>Johnson<i>.</cd> -- <col>Belly timber</col>, <cd>food. <mark>[Ludicrous]</mark> <i>Prior</i>.</cd> -- <col>Belly worm</col>, <cd>a worm that breeds or lives in the belly (stomach or intestines). <i>Johnson</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Belly</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel"ly</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bellied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bellying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause to swell out; to fill.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Your breath of full consent <b>bellied</b> his sails.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Belly</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ly</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To swell and become protuberant, like the belly; to bulge.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>bellying</b> canvas strutted with the gale.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bellyache</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ly*ache`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pain in the bowels; colic.</def>

<h1>Bellyband</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel"ly*band`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A band that passes under the belly of a horse and holds the saddle or harness in place; a girth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A band of flannel or other cloth about the belly.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A band of canvas, to strengthen a sail.</def>

<h1>Bellybound</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ly*bound`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Costive; constipated.</def>

<h1>Bellycheat</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel"ly*cheat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An apron or covering for the front of the person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Bellycheer</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ly*cheer`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. from F. <ets>belle ch\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Good cheer; viands.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "<i>Bellycheer</i> and banquets." <i>Rowlands</i>. "Loaves and <i>bellycheer</i>." <i>Milton</i>.

<h1>Bellycheer</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ly*cheer`</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To revel; to feast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A pack of clergymen [assembled] by themselves to <b>bellycheer</b> in their presumptuous Sion.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bellyful</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ly*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>As much as satisfies the appetite. Hence: A great abundance; more than enough.</def>

<i>Lloyd.</i>

<blockquote>King James told his son that he would have his <b>bellyful</b> of parliamentary impeachments.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Belly-god</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ly-god`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose great pleasure it is to gratify his appetite; a glutton; an epicure.</def>

<h1>Belly-pinched</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel"ly-pinched`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pinched with hunger; starved.</def> "The <i>belly-pinched</i> wolf."

<i> Shak.</i>

<h1>Belock</h1>
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<hw>Be*lock"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belocked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>lock</ets>: cf. AS. <ets>bel<?/can</ets>.]</ety> <def>To lock, or fasten as with a lock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Shak.</i>

<h1>Belomancy</h1>
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<hw>Bel"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> arrow + <ets><?/</ets> a diviner: cf. F. <ets>b\'82lomancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of divination anciently practiced by means of marked arrows drawn at random from a bag or quiver, the marks on the arrows drawn being supposed to foreshow the future.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Belong</h1>
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<hw>Be*long"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belonged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Belonging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>belongen</ets> (akin to D. <ets>belangen</ets> to concern, G. <ets>belangen</ets> to attain to, to concern); pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>longen</ets> to desire. See <er>Long</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <note>[Usually construed with <i>to</i>.]</note> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be the property <i>of</i>; <as>as, Jamaica <ex>belongs</ex> to Great Britain</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be a part <i>of</i>, or connected <i>with</i>; to be appendant or related; to owe allegiance or service.</def>

<blockquote>A desert place <b>belonging</b> to . . . Bethsaids.
<i>Luke ix. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The mighty men which <b>belonged</b> to David.
<i>1 Kings i. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be the concern or proper business or function <i>of</i>; to appertain <i>to</i>.</def> "Do not interpretations <i>belong</i> to God ?"

<i>Gen. xl. 8.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be suitable <i>for</i>; to be due <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Strong meat <b>belongeth</b> to them that are of full age.
<i> Heb. v. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No blame <b>belongs</b> to thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To be native <i>to</i>, or an inhabitant <i>of</i>; esp. to have a legal residence, settlement, or inhabitancy, whether by birth or operation of law, so as to be entitled to maintenance by the parish or town.</def>

<blockquote>Bastards also are settled in the parishes to which the mothers <b>belong</b>.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Belong</h1>
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<hw>Be*long"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To be deserved by.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>More evils <b>belong</b> us than happen to us.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Belonging</h1>
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<hw>Be*long"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Commonly in the <ets>pl</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which belongs to one; that which pertains to one; hence, goods or effects.</def> "Thyself and thy <i>belongings</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is connected with a principal or greater thing; an appendage; an appurtenance.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Family; relations; household.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Few persons of her ladyship's <b>belongings</b> stopped, before they did her bidding, to ask her reasons.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Belonite</h1>
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<hw>Bel"o*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a needle.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Minute acicular or dendritic crystalline forms sometimes observed in glassy volcanic rocks.</def>

<h1>Belooche Beloochee</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bel*oo"che Bel*oo"chee</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Beloochistan, or to its inhabitants.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A native or an inhabitant of Beloochistan.</def></def2>

<h1>Belord</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Be*lord"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To act the lord over.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To address by the title of "lord".</def>

<h1>Belove</h1>
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<hw>Be*love"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <tt>Beloved</tt> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bilufien</ets>. See pref. <er>Be-</er>, and <er>Love</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To love.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wodroephe.</i>

<h1>Beloved</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Be*loved"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Greatly loved; dear to the heart.</def>

<blockquote>Antony, so well <b>beloved</b> of C\'91sar.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This is my <b>beloved</b> Son.
<i>Matt. iii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beloved</h1>
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<hw>Be*lov"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One greatly loved.</def>

<blockquote>My <b>beloved</b> is mine, and I am his.
<i>Cant. ii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Below</h1>
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<hw>Be*low"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> by + <ets>low</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Under, or lower in place; beneath not so high; <as>as, <ex>below</ex> the moon; <ex>below</ex> the knee.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inferior to in rank, excellence, dignity, value, amount, price, etc.; lower in quality.</def> "One degree <i>below</i> kings."

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Unworthy of; unbefitting; beneath.</def>

<blockquote>They beheld, with a just loathing and disdain, . . . how <b>below</b> all history the persons and their actions were.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who thinks no fact <b>below</b> his regard.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Underneath; under; beneath.</syn>

<h1>Below</h1>
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<hw>Be*low"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a lower place, with respect to any object; in a lower room; beneath.</def>

<blockquote>Lord Marmion waits <b>below</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>On the earth, as opposed to the heavens.</def>

<blockquote>The fairest child of Jove <b>below</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In hell, or the regions of the dead.</def>

<blockquote>What businesss brought him to the realms <b>below</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In court or tribunal of inferior jurisdiction; <as>as, at the trial <ex>below</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Wheaton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>In some part or page following.</def>

<h1>Belowt</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Be*lowt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat as a lout; to talk abusively to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Belsire</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Bel"sire`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bel-</ets> + <ets>sire</ets>. Cf. <er>Beldam</er>.]</ety> <def>A grandfather, or ancestor.</def> "His great <i>belsir</i>e Brute." <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Belswagger</h1>
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<hw>Bel"swag`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. from <ets>bellyswagger</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lewd man; also, a bully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Belt</h1>
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<hw>Belt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>belt</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>belti</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'84lte</ets>, Dan. <ets>b\'91lte</ets>, OHG. <ets>balz</ets>, L. <ets>balteus</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>balt</ets> bo<?/der, belt.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which engirdles a person or thing; a band or girdle; <as>as, a lady's <ex>belt</ex>; a sword <ex>belt</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The shining <b>belt</b> with gold inlaid.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which restrains or confines as a girdle.</def>

<blockquote>He cannot buckle his distempered cause
Within the <b>belt</b> of rule.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything that resembles a belt, or that encircles or crosses like a belt; a strip or stripe; <as>as, a <ex>belt</ex> of trees; a <ex>belt</ex> of sand.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Band</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.   A very broad band is more properly termed a <i>belt</i>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of certain girdles or zones on the surface of the planets Jupiter and Saturn, supposed to be of the nature of clouds.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>A narrow passage or strait; <as>as, the Great <ex>Belt</ex> and the Lesser <ex>Belt</ex>, leading to the Baltic Sea</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A token or badge of knightly rank.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A band of leather, or other flexible substance, passing around two wheels, and communicating motion from one to the other.</def>  <note>[See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Pulley</er>.]</note>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>A band or stripe, as of color, round any organ; or any circular ridge or series of ridges.</def>

<cs><col>Belt lacing</col>, <cd>thongs used for lacing together the ends of machine belting.</cd></cs>

<h1>Belt</h1>
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<hw>Belt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Belted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Belting</er>.]</wordforms> <def> To encircle with, or as with, a belt; to encompass; to surround.</def>

<blockquote>A coarse black robe <b>belted</b> round the waist.
<i> C. Reade.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>belt</b> him round with hearts undaunted.
<i> Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To shear, as the buttocks and tails of sheep.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Beltane</h1>
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<hw>Bel"tane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>bealltainn</ets>, <ets>bealltuinn</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The first day of May (Old Style).</def>

<blockquote>The quarter-days anciently in Scotland were Hallowmas, Candlemas, <b>Beltane</b>, and Lammas.
<i>New English Dict.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A festival of the heathen Celts on the first day of May, in the observance of which great bonfires were kindled. It still exists in a modified form in some parts of Scotland and Ireland.</def>

<h1>Belted</h1>
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<hw>Belt"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Encircled by, or secured with, a belt; <as>as, a <ex>belted</ex> plaid; girt with a belt, as an honorary distinction; <as>as, a <ex>belted</ex> knight</as>; a <ex>belted</ex> earl.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Marked with a band or circle; <as>as, a <ex>belted</ex> stalk</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Worn in, or suspended from, the belt.</def>

<blockquote>Three men with <b>belted</b> brands.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Belted cattle</col>, <cd>cattle originally from Dutch stock, having a broad band of white round the middle, while the rest of the body is black; -- called also <altname>blanketed cattle</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Beltein, Beltin</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bel"tein</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bel"tin</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Beltane</er>.</def>

<h1>Belting</h1>
<Xpage=135>

<hw>Belt"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The material of which belts for machinery are made; also, belts, taken collectively.</def>

<hr>
<page="136">
Page 136<p>

<h1>Beluga</h1>
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<hw>Be*lu"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>bieluga</ets> a sort of large sturgeon, prop. white fish, fr. <ets>bieluii</ets> white.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cetacean allied to the dolphins.</def>

<note>&hand; The northern <i>beluga</i> (<spn>Delphinapterus catodon</spn>) is the white whale and white fish of the whalers. It grows to be from twelve to eighteen feet long.</note>

<h1>Belute</h1>
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<hw>Be*lute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beluted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beluting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + L. <ets>lutum</ets> mud.]</ety> <def>To bespatter, as with mud.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Belvedere</h1>
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<hw>Bel`ve*dere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. <ets>bello</ets>, <ets>bel</ets>, beautiful + <ets>vedere</ets> to see.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small building, or a part of a building, more or less open, constructed in a place commanding a fine prospect.</def>

<h1>Belzebuth</h1>
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<hw>Bel"ze*buth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Beelzebub</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spider monkey (<spn>Ateles belzebuth</spn>) of Brazil.</def>

<h1>Bema</h1>
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<hw>Be"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> step, platform.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A platform from which speakers addressed an assembly.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of an early Christian church which was reserved for the higher clergy; the inner or eastern part of the chancel.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Erroneously: A pulpit.</def>

<h1>Bemad</h1>
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<hw>Be*mad"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make mad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Bemangle</h1>
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<hw>Be*man"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mangle; to tear asunder.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Beaumont.</i>

<h1>Bemask</h1>
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<hw>Be*mask"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mask; to conceal.</def>

<h1>Bemaster</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Be*mas"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To master thoroughly.</def>

<h1>Bemaul</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Be*maul"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To maul or beat severely; to bruise.</def> "In order to <i>bemaul</i> Yorick."

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Bemaze</h1>
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<hw>Be*maze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bimasen</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>masen</ets> to maze.]</ety> <def>To bewilder.</def>

<blockquote>Intellects <b>bemazed</b> in endless doubt.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bemean</h1>
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<hw>Be*mean"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make mean; to lower.</def>

<i>C. Reade.</i>

<h1>Bemeet</h1>
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<hw>Be*meet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bemet</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bemeeting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To meet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Our very loving sister, well <b>bemet</b>.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bemete</h1>
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<hw>Be*mete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mete.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bemingle</h1>
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<hw>Be*min"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mingle; to mix.</def>

<h1>Bemire</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Be*mire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bemired</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bemiring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To drag through, encumber with, or fix in, the mire; to soil by passing through mud or dirt.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bemired</b> and benighted in the dog.
<i> Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bemist</h1>
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<hw>Be*mist"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To envelop in mist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bemoan</h1>
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<hw>Be*moan"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bemoaned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bemoaning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bimenen</ets>, AS. <ets>bem<?/nan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>m<?/nan</ets> to moan. See <er>Moan</er>.]</ety> <def>To express deep grief for by moaning; to express sorrow for; to lament; to bewail; to pity or sympathize with.</def>

<blockquote>Implores their pity, and his pain <b>bemoans</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Deplore</er>.</syn>

<h1>Bemoaner</h1>
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<hw>Be*moan"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bemoans.</def>

<h1>Bemock</h1>
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<hw>Be*mock"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mock; to ridicule.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bemock</b> the modest moon.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bemoil</h1>
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<hw>Be*moil"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>moil</ets>, fr. F. <ets>mouiller</ets> to wet; but cf. also OE. <ets>bimolen</ets> to soil, fr. AS. <ets>m\'bel</ets> spot: cf. E. <ets>mole</ets>.]</ety> <def>To soil or encumber with mire and dirt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bemol</h1>
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<hw>Be"mol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82mol</ets>, fr. <ets>b\'82 <?/ + mol</ets> soft.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The sign <?/; the same as B flat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bemonster</h1>
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<hw>Be*mon"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make monstrous or like a monster.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Shak.</i>

<h1>Bemourn</h1>
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<hw>Be*mourn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mourn over.</def>

<i> Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Bemuddle</h1>
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<hw>Be*mud"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To muddle; to stupefy or bewilder; to confuse.</def>

<h1>Bemuffle</h1>
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<hw>Be*muf"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover as with a muffler; to wrap up.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bemuffled</b> with the externals of religion.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bemuse</h1>
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<hw>Be*muse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To muddle, daze, or partially stupefy, as with liquor.</def>

<blockquote>A parson much <b>bemused</b> in beer.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ben, Ben nut</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ben</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ben" nut`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Ar. <ets>b\'ben</ets>, name of the tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The seed of one or more species of moringa; <as>as, oil of <ex>ben</ex></as>. See <er>Moringa</er>.</def>

<h1>Ben</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben</hw>, <tt>adv. & prep.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>binnan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> by + <ets>innan</ets> within, <ets>in</ets> in.]</ety> <def>Within; in; in or into the interior; toward the inner apartment.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Ben</h1>
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<hw>Ben</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ben</er>, <ets>adv</ets>.]</ety> <def>The inner or principal room in a hut or house of two rooms; -- opposed to <i>but</i>, the outer apartment.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Ben</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben</hw>. <def>An old form of the <tt>pl. indic. pr.</tt> of <er>Be</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bename</h1>
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<hw>Be*name"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Benamed</er>, <er>Benempt</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To promise; to name.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bench</h1>
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<hw>Bench</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Benches</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>bench</ets>, <ets>benk</ets>, AS. <ets>benc</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>b\'84nk</ets>, Dan <ets>b\'91nk</ets>, Icel. <ets>bekkr</ets>, OS., D., & G. <ets>bank</ets>. Cf. <er>Bank</er>, <er>Beach</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A long seat, differing from a stool in its greater length.</def>

<blockquote>Mossy <b>benches</b> supplied the place of chairs.
<i> Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A long table at which mechanics and other work; <as>as, a carpenter's <ex>bench</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The seat where judges sit in court.</def>

<blockquote>To pluck down justice from your awful <b>bench</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The persons who sit as judges; the court; <as>as, the opinion of the full <ex>bench</ex></as>. See <er>King's Bench</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A collection or group of dogs exhibited to the public; -- so named because the animals are usually placed on benches or raised platforms.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A conformation like a bench; a long stretch of flat ground, or a kind of natural terrace, near a lake or river.</def>

<cs><col>Bench mark</col> <fld>(Leveling)</fld>, <cd>one of a number of marks along a line of survey, affixed to permanent objects, to show where leveling staffs were placed.</cd> -- <col>Bench of bishops</col>, <cd>the whole body of English prelates assembled in council.</cd> -- <col>Bench plane</col>, <cd>any plane used by carpenters and joiners for working a flat surface, as jack planes, long planes.</cd> -- <col>Bench show</col>, <cd>an exhibition of dogs.</cd> -- <col>Bench table</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a projecting course at the base of a building, or round a pillar, sufficient to form a seat.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bench</h1>
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<hw>Bench</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Benched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Benching</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish with benches.</def>

<blockquote>'T was <b>benched</b> with turf.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Stately theaters <b>benched</b> crescentwise.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place on a bench or seat of honor.</def>

<blockquote>Whom I . . . have <b>benched</b> and reared to worship.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bench</h1>
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<hw>Bench</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sit on a seat of justice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bencher</h1>
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<hw>Bench"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>One of the senior and governing members of an Inn of Court.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An alderman of a corporation.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Ashmole.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A member of a court or council.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who frequents the benches of a tavern; an idler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bench warrant</h1>
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<hw>Bench" war`rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A process issued by a presiding judge or by a court against a person guilty of some contempt, or indicted for some crime; -- so called in distinction from a <i>justice's warrant</i>.</def>

<h1>Bend</h1>
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<hw>Bend</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bended</er> or <er>Bent</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>bendan</ets> to bend, fr. <ets>bend</ets> a band, bond, fr. <ets>bindan</ets> to bind. See <er>Bind</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. 3d & 4th <er>Bend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strain or move out of a straight line; to crook by straining; to make crooked; to curve; to make ready for use by drawing into a curve; <as>as, to <ex>bend</ex> a bow; to <ex>bend</ex> the knee.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To turn toward some certain point; to direct; to incline.</def> "<i>Bend</i> thine ear to supplication."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Towards Coventry <b>bend</b> we our course.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Bending</b> her eyes . . . upon her parent.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To apply closely or with interest; to direct.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>bend</b> his mind to any public business.
<i>Temple.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But when to mischief mortals <b>bend</b> their will.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cause to yield; to render submissive; to subdue.</def> "Except she <i>bend</i> her humor."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To fasten, as one rope to another, or as a sail to its yard or stay; or as a cable to the ring of an anchor.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<cs><col>To bend the brow</col>, <cd>to knit the brow, as in deep thought or in anger; to scowl; to frown.</cd></cs>

<i> Camden.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To lean; stoop; deflect; bow; yield.</syn>

<h1>Bend</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Bend</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be moved or strained out of a straight line; to crook or be curving; to bow.</def>

<blockquote>The green earth's end
Where the bowed welkin slow doth <b>bend</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To jut over; to overhang.</def>

<blockquote>There is a cliff, whose high and <b>bending</b> head
Looks fearfully in the confined deep.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be inclined; to be directed.</def>

<blockquote>To whom our vows and wished <b>bend</b>.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To bow in prayer, or in token of submission.</def>

<blockquote>While each to his great Father <b>bends</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bend</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Bend</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bend</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Bent</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A turn or deflection from a straight line or from the proper direction or normal position; a curve; a crook; <as>as, a slight <ex>bend</ex> of the body; a <ex>bend</ex> in a road.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Turn; purpose; inclination; ends.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Farewell, poor swain; thou art not for my <b>bend</b>.
<i>Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A knot by which one rope is fastened to another or to an anchor, spar, or post.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Leather Trade)</fld> <def>The best quality of sole leather; a butt. See <er>Butt</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Hard, indurated clay; bind.</def>

<cs><col>Bends of a ship</col>, <cd>the thickest and strongest planks in her sides, more generally called <i>wales<i>. They have the beams, knees, and foothooks bolted to them. Also, the frames or ribs that form the ship's body from the keel to the top of the sides; as, the midship <i>bend<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bend</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Bend</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bend</ets>. See <er>Band</er>, and cf. the preceding noun.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A band.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[OF. <ets>bende</ets>, <ets>bande</ets>, F. <ets>bande</ets>. See <er>Band</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>One of the honorable ordinaries, containing a third or a fifth part of the field. It crosses the field diagonally from the dexter chief to the sinister base.</def>

<cs><col>Bend sinister</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>an honorable ordinary drawn from the sinister chief to the dexter base.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bendable</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Bend"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being bent.</def>

<h1>Bender</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Bend"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, bends.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument used for bending.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A drunken spree.</def> <mark>[Low, U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A sixpence.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Bending</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Bend"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The marking of the clothes with stripes or horizontal bands.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bendlet</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Bend"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bend</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>: cf. E. <ets>bandlet</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A narrow bend, esp. one half the width of the bend.</def>

<h1>Bendwise</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Bend"wise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Diagonally.</def>

<h1>Bendy</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bend</er> a band.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Divided into an even number of bends; -- said of a shield or its charge.</def>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<h1>Bene</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben"e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Benne</er>.</def>

<h1>Bene</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Be"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>b<?/n</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prayer; boon.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>What is good for a bootless <b>bene</b> ?
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bene, Ben</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw><hw>Bene</hw>, <hw>Ben</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hoglike mammal of New Guinea (<spn>Porcula papuensis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Beneaped</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Be*neaped"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Neaped</er>.</def>

<h1>Beneath</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Be*neath"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>benethe</ets>, <ets>bineo<?/en</ets>, AS. <ets>beneo<?/an</ets>, <ets>beny<?/an</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>neo<?/an</ets>, <ets>ny<?/an</ets>, downward, beneath, akin to E. <ets>nether</ets>. See <er>Nether</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lower in place, with something directly over or on; under; underneath; hence, at the foot of.</def> "<i>Beneath</i> the mount."

<i>Ex. xxxii. 19.</i>

<blockquote><b>Beneath</b> a rude and nameless stone he lies.
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Under, in relation to something that is superior, or that oppresses or burdens.</def>

<blockquote>Our country sinks <b>beneath</b> the yoke.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lower in rank, dignity, or excellence than; <as>as, brutes are <ex>beneath</ex> man; man is <ex>beneath</ex> angels in the scale of beings</as>. Hence: Unworthy of; unbecoming.</def>

<blockquote>He will do nothing that is <b>beneath</b> his high station.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beneath</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Be*neath"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a lower place; underneath.</def>

<blockquote>The earth you take from <b>beneath</b> will be barren.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Below, as opposed to heaven, or to any superior region or position; <as>as, in earth <ex>beneath</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Benedicite</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben`e*dic"i*te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., (imperative pl.,) bless ye, praise ye.]</ety> <def>A canticle (the Latin version of which begins with this word) which may be used in the order for morning prayer in the Church of England. It is taken from an apocryphal addition to the third chapter of Daniel.</def>

<h1>Benedicite</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben`e*dic"i*te</hw>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Benedicite</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>An exclamation corresponding to <i>Bless you</i> !.</def>

<h1>Benedict, Benedick</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw><hw>Ben"e*dict</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ben"e*dick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Benedick</ets>, one of the characters in Shakespeare's play of  "Much Ado about Nothing."]</ety> <def>A married man, or a man newly married.</def>

<h1>Benedict</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben"e*dict</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>benedictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>benedicere</ets> to bless. See <er>Benison</er>, and cf. <er>Bennet</er>.]</ety> <def>Having mild and salubrious qualities.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Benedictine</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben`e*dic"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the monks of St. Benedict, or St. Benet.</def>

<h1>Benedictine</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben`e*dic"tine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a famous order of monks, established by St. Benedict of Nursia in the sixth century. This order was introduced into the United States in 1846.</def>

<note>&hand; The Benedictines wear black clothing, and are sometimes called <i>Black Monks</i>. The name Black <i>Fr<?/<?/<?/<?/rs</i> which belongs to the Dominicans, is also sometimes applied to the Benedictines.</note>

<h1>Benediction</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben`e*dic"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>benedictio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>b\'82n\'82diction</ets>. See <er>Benison</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of blessing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A blessing; an expression of blessing, prayer, or kind wishes in favor of any person or thing; a solemn or affectionate invocation of happiness.</def>

<blockquote>So saying, he arose; whom Adam thus
Followed with <b>benediction</b>.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Homeward serenely she walked with God's <b>benediction</b> upon her.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

Specifically: <def>The short prayer which closes public worship; <as>as, to give the <ex>benediction</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The form of instituting an abbot, answering to the consecration of a bishop.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A solemn rite by which bells, banners, candles, etc., are blessed with holy water, and formally dedicated to God.</def>

<h1>Benedictional</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben`e*dic"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A book of benedictions.</def>

<h1>Benedictionary</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben`e*dic"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A collected series of benedictions.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>benedictionary</b> of Bishop Athelwold.
<i> G. Gurton's Needle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Benedictive</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben`e*dic"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to bless.</def>

<i> Gauden.</i>

<h1>Benedictory</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben`e*dic"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expressing wishes for good; <as>as, a b<ex>enedictory</ex> prayer</as>.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Benedictus</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben`e*dic"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., blessed. See <er>Benedict</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The song of Zacharias at the birth of John the Baptist (<i>Luke i. 68</i>); -- so named from the first word of the Latin version.</def>

<h1>Benedight</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben"e*dight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Blessed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Benefaction</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben`e*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>benefactio</ets>, fr. <ets>benefacere</ets> to do good to one; <ets>bene</ets> well + <ets>facere</ets> to do. See <er>Benefit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of conferring a benefit.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A benefit conferred; esp. a charitable donation.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Gift; present; gratuity; boon; alms.</syn>

<h1>Benefactor</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben`e*fac"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who confers a benefit or benefits.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Benefactress</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben`e*fac"tress</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who confers a benefit.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>benefactress</b> blushes at the deed.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Benefic</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Be*nef"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>beneficus</ets>. See <er>Benefice</er>.]</ety> <def>Favorable; beneficent.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Benefice</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben"e*fice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82n\'82fice</ets>, L. <ets>beneficium</ets>, a kindness , in LL. a grant of an estate, fr. L. <ets>beneficus</ets> beneficent; <ets>bene</ets> well + <ets>facere</ets> to do. See <er>Benefit</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A favor or benefit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Baxter.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>An estate in lands; a fief.</def>

<note>&hand; Such an estate was granted at first for life only, and held on the mere good pleasure of the donor; but afterward, becoming hereditary, it received the appellation of <i>fief</i>, and the term <i>benefice</i> became appropriated to church livings.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An ecclesiastical living and church preferment, as in the Church of England; a church endowed with a revenue for the maintenance of divine service. See <er>Advowson</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; All church preferments are called <i>benefices</i>, except bishoprics, which are called <i>dignities</i>. But, ordinarily, the term <i>dignity</i> is applied to bishoprics, deaneries, archdeaconries, and prebendaryships; <i>benefice</i> to parsonages, vicarages, and donatives.</note>

<h1>Benefice</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben"e*fice</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beneficed</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To endow with a benefice.</def>  <note>[Commonly in the past participle.]</note>

<h1>Beneficed</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben"e*ficed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Possessed of a benefice o<?/ church preferment.</def> "<i>Beneficed</i> clergymen."

<i> Burke.</i>

<h1>Beneficeless</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Ben"e*fice*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no benefice.</def> "<i>Beneficeless</i> precisians."

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<h1>Beneficence</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Be*nef"i*cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>beneficentia</ets>, fr. <ets>beneficus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>b\'82n\'82ficence</ets>. See <er>Benefice</er>.]</ety> <def>The practice of doing good; active goodness, kindness, or charity; bounty springing from purity and goodness.</def>

<blockquote>And whose <b>beneficence</b> no charge exhausts.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Benevolence</er>.</syn>

<h1>Beneficent</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Be*nef`i*cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, a. Doing or producing good; performing acts of kindness and charity; characterized by beneficence.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>beneficent</b> fruits of Christianity.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Benevolent</er>.</syn>

<h1>Beneficential</h1>
<Xpage=136>

<hw>Be*nef`i*cen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to beneficence.</def>

<hr>
<page="137">
Page 137<p>

<h1>Beneficently</h1>
<Xpage=137>

<hw>Be*nef"i*cent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a beneficent manner; with beneficence.</def>

<h1>Beneficial</h1>
<Xpage=137>

<hw>Ben`e*fi"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>b\'82n\'82ficial</ets>, LL. <ets>beneficialis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Conferring benefits; useful; profi<?/table; helpful; advantageous; serviceable; contributing to a valuable end; -- followed by <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The war which would have been most <b>beneficial</b> to us.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Receiving, or entitled to have or receive, advantage, use, or benefit; <as>as, the <ex>beneficial</ex> owner of an estate</as>.</def>

<i> Kent.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>King.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "A <i>beneficial</i> foe."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Advantage</er>.</syn>

<h1>Beneficially</h1>
<Xpage=137>

<hw>Ben`e*fi"cial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a beneficial or advantageous manner; profitably; helpfully.</def>

<h1>Beneficialness</h1>
<Xpage=137>

<hw>Ben`e*fi"cial*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being beneficial; profitableness.</def>

<h1>Beneficiary</h1>
<Xpage=137>

<hw>Ben`e*fi"ci*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>b\'82n\'82ficiaire</ets>, LL. <ets>beneficiarius</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Holding some office or valuable possession, in subordination to another; holding under a feudal or other superior; having a dependent and secondary possession.</def>

<blockquote>A feudatory or <b>beneficiary</b> king of England.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bestowed as a gratuity; <as>as, <ex>beneficiary</ex> gifts</as>.</def>

<h1>Beneficiary</h1>
<Xpage=137>

<hw>Ben`e*fi"ci*a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Beneficiaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A feudatory or vassal; hence, one who holds a benefice and uses its proceeds.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who receives anything as a gift; one who receives a benefit or advantage; esp. one who receives help or income from an educational fund or a trust estate.</def>

<blockquote>The rich men will be offering sacrifice to their Deity whose <b>beneficiaries</b> they are.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beneficiate</h1>
<Xpage=137>

<hw>Ben`e*fi"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>beneficia</ets>r to benefit, to work mines.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To reduce (ores).</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ben`e*fi`ci*a"tion</wf> (<?/), <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Beneficient</h1>
<Xpage=137>

<hw>Ben`e*fi"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Beneficent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Benefit</h1>
<Xpage=137>

<hw>Ben"e*fit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>benefet</ets>, <ets>benfeet</ets>, <ets>bienfet</ets>, F. <ets>bienfait</ets>, fr. L. <ets>benefactum</ets>; bene well (adv. of <ets>bonus</ets> good) + <ets>factum</ets>, p. p. of <ets>facere</ets> to do. See <er>Bounty</er>, and <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An act of kindness; a favor conferred.</def>

<blockquote>Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his <b>benefits</b>.
<i>Ps. ciii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Whatever promotes prosperity and personal happiness, or adds value to property; advantage; profit.</def>

<blockquote>Men have no right to what is not for their <b>benefit</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A theatrical performance, a concert, or the like, the proceeds of which do not go to the lessee of the theater or to the company, but to some individual actor, or to some charitable use.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Beneficence; liberality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Webster  (1623).</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <def>Natural advantaged; endowments; accomplishments.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>benefits</i> of your own country."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Benefit of clergy</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Clergy</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Profit; service; use; avail. See <er>Advantage</er>.</syn>

<h1>Benefit</h1>
<Xpage=137>

<hw>Ben"e*fit</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Benefited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Benefitting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To be beneficial to; to do good to; to advantage; to advance in health or prosperity; to be useful to; to profit.</def>

<blockquote>I will repent of the good, wherewith I said I would <b>benefit</b> them.
<i>Jer. xviii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Benefit</h1>
<Xpage=137>

<hw>Ben"e*fit</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To gain advantage; to make improvement; to profit; <as>as, he will <ex>benefit</ex> by the change</as>.</def>

<h1>Benefiter</h1>
<Xpage=137>

<hw>Ben"e*fit`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who confers a benefit; -- also, one who receives a benefit.</def>

<h1>Beneme</h1>
<Xpage=137>

<hw>Be*neme"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ben<?/man</ets>. Cf. <er>Benim</er>.]</ety> <def>To deprive (<i>of</i>), or take away (<i>from</i>).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Benempt</h1>
<Xpage=137>

<hw>Be*nempt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Bename</er>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>Promised; vowed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Named; styled.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Bene placito</h1>
<Xpage=137>

<hw>Be`ne plac"i*to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[It. <ets>beneplacito</ets> pleasure, fr. L. <ets>bene</ets> well + <ets>placitus</ets> pleasing.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At or during pleasure.</def>

<blockquote>For our English judges there never was . . . any <b>bene placito</b> as their tenure.
<i> F. Harrison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>At pleasure; ad libitum.</def>

<h1>Benet</h1>
<Xpage=137>

<hw>Be*net"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Benetted</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To catch in a net; to insnare.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Benevolence</h1>
<Xpage=137>

<hw>Be*nev"o*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>benevolence</ets>, L. <ets>benevolentia</ets>. See <er>Benevolent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The disposition to do good; good will; charitableness; love of mankind, accompanied with a desire to promote their happiness.</def>

<blockquote>The wakeful <b>benevolence</b> of the gospel.
<i>Chalmers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An act of kindness; good done; charity given.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A species of compulsory contribution or tax, which has sometimes been illegally exacted by arbitrary kings of England, and falsely represented as a gratuity.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Benevolence</er>, <er>Beneficence</er>, <er>Munificence</er>.</syn>  <usage><i>Benevolence</i> marks a disposition made up of a choice and desire for the happiness of others. <i>Beneficence</i> marks the working of this disposition in dispensing good on a somewhat broad scale. <i>Munificence</i> shows the same disposition, but acting on a still broader scale, in conferring gifts and favors. These are not necessarily confined to objects of immediate utility. One may show his <i>munificence</i> in presents of pictures or jewelry, but this would not be <i>beneficence</i>. <i>Benevolence</i> of heart; <i>beneficence</i> of life; <i>munificence</i> in the encouragement of letters.</usage>

<h1>Benevolent</h1>
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<hw>Be*nev"o*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>benevolens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>; <ets>bene</ets> well (adv. of <ets>bonus</ets> good) + <ets>volens</ets>, <tt>p. pr.</tt> of <ets>volo</ets> I will, I wish. See <er>Bounty</er>, and <er>Voluntary</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a disposition to do good; possessing or manifesting love to mankind, and a desire to promote their prosperity and happiness; disposed to give to good objects; kind; charitable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*nev"o*lent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Benevolent</er>, <er>Beneficent</er>.</syn> <usage> Etymologically considered, <i>benevolent</i> implies <i>wishing</i> well to others, and <i>beneficent</i>, <i>doing</i> well. But by degrees the word <i>benevolent</i> has been widened to include not only feelings, but actions; thus, we speak of <i>benevolent</i> operations, <i>benevolent</i> labors for the public good, <i>benevolent</i> societies. In like manner, <i>beneficent</i> is now often applied to feelings; thus, we speak of the <i>beneficent</i> intentions of a donor. This extension of the terms enables us to mark nicer shades of meaning. Thus, the phrase "<i>benevolent</i> labors" turns attention to the <i>source</i> of these labors, viz., <i>benevolent</i> feeling; while <i>beneficent</i> would simply mark them as productive of good. So, "<i>beneficent</i> intentions" point to the feelings of the donor as bent upon some specific good act; while "<i>benevolent</i> intentions" would only denote a general wish and design to do good.</usage>

<h1>Benevolous</h1>
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<hw>Be*nev"o*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>benevolus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Kind; benevolent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Puller.</i>

<h1>Bengal</h1>
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<hw>Ben*gal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A province in India, giving its name to various stuffs, animals, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thin stuff, made of silk and hair, originally brought from Bengal.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Striped gingham, originally brought from Bengal; Bengal stripes.</def>

<cs><col>Bengal light</col>, <cd>a firework containing niter, sulphur, and antimony, and producing a sustained and vivid colored light, used in making signals and in pyrotechnics; -- called also <altname>blue light</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Bengal stripes</col>, <cd>a kind of cotton cloth woven with colored stripes. See <er>Bengal</er>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Bengal tiger</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Tiger</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bengalee, Bengali</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ben*gal"ee</hw>, <hw>Ben*gal"i</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The language spoken in Bengal.</def>

<h1>Bengalese</h1>
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<hw>Ben`gal*ese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Bengal.</def> -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl</tt>. A native or natives of Bengal.</def></def2>

<h1>Bengola</h1>
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<hw>Ben*go"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Bengal light.</def>

<h1>Benight</h1>
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<hw>Be*night"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Benighted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Benighting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To involve in darkness; to shroud with the shades of night; to obscure.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The clouds <b>benight</b> the sky.
<i> Garth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To overtake with night or darkness, especially before the end of a day's journey or task.</def>

<blockquote>Some virgin, sure, . . . <b>benighted</b> in these woods.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To involve in moral darkness, or ignorance; to debar from intellectual light.</def>

<blockquote>Shall we to men <b>benighted</b>
The lamp of life deny ?
<i> Heber.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Benightment</h1>
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<hw>Be*night"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being benighted.</def>

<h1>Benign</h1>
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<hw>Be*nign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>benigne</ets>, <ets>bening</ets>, OF. <ets>benigne</ets>, F. <ets>b\'82nin</ets>, fem. <ets>b\'82nigne</ets>, fr. L. <ets>benignus</ets>, contr. from <ets>benigenus</ets>; <ets>bonus</ets> good + root of <ets>genus</ets> kind. See <er>Bounty</er>, and <er>Genus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of a kind or gentle disposition; gracious; generous; favorable; benignant.</def>

<blockquote>Creator bounteous and <b>benign</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exhibiting or manifesting kindness, gentleness, favor, etc.; mild; kindly; salutary; wholesome.</def>

<blockquote>Kind influences and <b>benign</b> aspects.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of a mild type or character; <as>as, a <ex>benign</ex> disease</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Kind; propitious; bland; genial; salubrious; favorable salutary; gracious; liberal.</syn>

<h1>Benignancy</h1>
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<hw>Be*nig"nan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Benignant quality; kindliness.</def>

<h1>Benignant</h1>
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<hw>Be*nig"nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>benignans</ets>, <tt>p. pr.</tt> of <ets>benignare</ets>, from L. <ets>benignus</ets>. See <er>Benign</er>.]</ety> <def>Kind; gracious; favorable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*nig"nant*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Benignity</h1>
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<hw>Be*nig"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>benignite</ets>, F. <ets>b\'82nignit\'82</ets>, OF. <ets>b\'82nignet\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>benignitas</ets>. See <er>Benign</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being benign; goodness; kindness; graciousness.</def> "<i>Benignity</i> of aspect."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mildness; gentleness.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>benignity</b> or inclemency of the season.
<i> Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Salubrity; wholesome quality.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Benignly</h1>
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<hw>Be*nign"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a benign manner.</def>

<h1>Benim</h1>
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<hw>Be*nim"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>beniman</ets>. See <er>Benumb</er>, and cf. <er>Nim</er>.]</ety> <def>To take away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ire . . . <b>benimeth</b> the man fro God.
<i> Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Benison</h1>
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<hw>Ben"i*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>beneysun</ets>, <ets>benesoun</ets>, OF. <ets>bene\'8b<?/un</ets>, <ets>bene\'8bson</ets>, fr. L. <ets>benedictio</ets>, fr. <ets>benedicere</ets> to bless; <ets>bene</ets> (adv. of <ets>bonus</ets> good) + <ets>dicere</ets> to say. See <er>Bounty</er>, and <er>Diction</er>, and cf. <er>Benediction</er>.]</ety> <def>Blessing; beatitude; benediction.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>More precious than the <b>benison</b> of friends.
<i>Talfourd.</i></blockquote>

<h1>B\'82nitier</h1>
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<hw>B\'82*ni"tier`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>b\'82nir</ets> to bless.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A holy-water stoup.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Benjamin</h1>
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<hw>Ben"ja*min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted from <ets>benzoin</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Benzoin</er>.</def>

<h1>Benjamin</h1>
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<hw>Ben"ja*min</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of upper coat for men.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Benjamite</h1>
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<hw>Ben"ja*mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A descendant of Benjamin; one of the tribe of Benjamin.</def>

<i>Judg. iii. 15.</i>

<h1>Benne</h1>
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<hw>Ben"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>bijen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of two plants (<spn>Sesamum orientale</spn> and <spn>S. indicum</spn>), originally Asiatic; -- also called <i>oil plant</i>. From their seeds an oil is expressed, called <i>benne oil</i>, used mostly for making soap. In the southern United States the seeds are used in candy.</def>

<h1>Bennet</h1>
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<hw>Ben"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>beno\'8cte</ets>, fr. L. <ets>benedicta</ets>, fem. of <ets>benedictus</ets>, p. p., blessed. See <er>Benedict</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common yellow-flowered avens of Europe (<spn>Geum urbanum</spn>); herb bennet. The name is sometimes given to other plants, as the hemlock, valerian, etc.</def>

<h1>Benshee</h1>
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<hw>Ben"shee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Banshee</er>.</def>

<h1>Bent</h1>
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<hw>Bent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Bend</er>.</def>

<h1>Bent</h1>
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<hw>Bent</hw>, <tt>a. & p. p.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Changed by pressure so as to be no longer straight; crooked; <as>as, a <ex>bent</ex> pin; a <ex>bent</ex> lever.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Strongly inclined toward something, so as to be resolved, determined, set, etc.; -- said of the mind, character, disposition, desires, etc., and used with <i>on</i>; <as>as, to be <ex>bent</ex> on going to college; he is <ex>bent</ex> on mischief.</as></def>

<h1>Bent</h1>
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<hw>Bent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bend</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being curved, crooked, or inclined from a straight line; flexure; curvity; <as>as, the <ex>bent</ex> of a bow</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wilkins.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A declivity or slope, as of a hill.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A leaning or bias; proclivity; tendency of mind; inclination; disposition; purpose; aim.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>With a native <b>bent</b> did good pursue.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Particular direction or tendency; flexion; course.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bents</b> and turns of the matter.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A transverse frame of a framed structure.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Tension; force of acting; energy; impetus.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The full <b>bent</b> and stress of the soul.
<i>Norris.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Predilection; turn.</syn>  <usage><er>Bent</er>, <er>Bias</er>, <er>Inclination</er>, <er>Prepossession</er>. These words agree in describing a permanent influence upon the mind which tends to decide its actions. <i>Bent</i> denotes a fixed tendency of the mind in a given direction. It is the widest of these terms, and applies to the will, the intellect, and the affections, taken conjointly; as, the whole <i>bent</i> of his character was toward evil practices. <i>Bias</i> is literally a weight fixed on one side of a ball used in bowling, and causing it to swerve from a straight course. Used figuratively, <i>bias</i> applies particularly to the judgment, and denotes something which acts with a permanent force on the character through that faculty; as, the <i>bias</i> of early education, early habits, etc. <i>Inclination</i> is an excited state of desire or appetency; as, a strong <i>inclination</i> to the study of the law. <i>Prepossession</i> is a mingled state of feeling and opinion in respect to some person or subject, which has laid hold of and occupied the mind previous to inquiry. The word is commonly used in a good sense, an unfavorable impression of this kind being denominated a <i>prejudice</i>. "Strong minds will be strongly <i>bent</i>, and usually labor under a strong <i>bias</i>; but there is no mind so weak and powerless as not to have its <i>inclinations</i>, and none so guarded as to be without its <i>prepossessions</i>."</usage>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Bent</h1>
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<hw>Bent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>beonet</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>pinuz</ets>, G. <ets>binse</ets>, rush, bent grass; of unknown origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A reedlike grass; a stalk of stiff, coarse grass.</def>

<blockquote>His spear a <b>bent</b>, both stiff and strong.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A grass of the genus <i>Agrostis</i>, esp. <i>Agrostis vulgaris</i>, or redtop. The name is also used of many other grasses, esp. in America.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any neglected field or broken ground; a common; a moor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<blockquote>Bowmen bickered upon the <b>bent</b>.
<i>Chevy Chase.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bent grass</h1>
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<hw>Bent" grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Bent</er>, a kind of grass.</def>

<h1>Benthal</h1>
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<hw>Ben"thal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> the depth of the sea.]</ety> <def>Relating to the deepest zone or region of the ocean.</def>

<h1>Benthamic</h1>
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<hw>Ben*tham"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Bentham or Benthamism.</def>

<h1>Benthamism</h1>
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<hw>Ben"tham*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That phase of the doctrine of utilitarianism taught by Jeremy Bentham; the doctrine that the morality of actions is estimated and determined by their utility; also, the theory that the sensibility to pleasure and the recoil from pain are the only motives which influence human desires and actions, and that these are the sufficient explanation of ethical and jural conceptions.</def>

<h1>Benthamite</h1>
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<hw>Ben"tham*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes in Benthamism.</def>

<h1>Benting time</h1>
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<hw>Bent"ing time"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The season when pigeons are said to feed on bents, before peas are ripe.</def>

<blockquote>Bare <b>benting times</b> . . . may come.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Benty</h1>
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<hw>Bent"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bounding in bents, or the stalks of coarse, stiff, withered grass; <as>as, <ex>benty</ex> fields</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling bent.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Benumb</h1>
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<hw>Be*numb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Benumbed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Benumbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>binomen</ets>, p. p. of <ets>binimen</ets> to take away, AS. <ets>beniman</ets>; pref. <ets>be</ets> + <ets>niman</ets> to take. See <er>Numb</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Benim</er>.]</ety> <def>To make torpid; to deprive of sensation or sensibility; to stupefy; <as>as, a hand or foot <ex>benumbed</ex> by cold</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The creeping death <b>benumbed</b> her senses first.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Benumbed</h1>
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<hw>Be*numbed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made torpid; numbed; stupefied; deadened; <as>as, a <ex>benumbed</ex> body and mind</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*numbed"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Benumbment</h1>
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<hw>Be*numb"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of benumbing, or state of being benumbed; torpor.</def>

<i> Kirby.</i>

<h1>Benzal</h1>
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<hw>Ben"zal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Benzoic</ets> + <ets>al</ets>dehyde.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A transparent crystalline substance,<?/ C6H5.CO. NH2, obtained by the action of ammonia upon chloride of benzoyl, as also by several other reactions with benzoyl compounds.</def>

<h1>Benzamide</h1>
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<hw>Ben*zam"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Benz</ets>oin + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A transparent crystalline substance, C6H5.CO.NH2, obtained by the action of ammonia upon chloride of benzoyl, as also by several other reactions with benzoyl compounds.</def>

<h1>Benzene</h1>
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<hw>Ben"zene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Benzoin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A volatile, very inflammable liquid, C6H6, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation. The name is sometimes applied also to the impure commercial product or <i>benzole</i>, and also, but rarely, to a similar mixed product of petroleum.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Benzene nucleus</col>, <col>Benzene ring</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a closed chain or ring, consisting of six carbon atoms, each with one hydrogen atom attached, regarded as the type from which the aromatic compounds are derived. This ring formula is provisionally accepted as representing the probable constitution of the benzene molecule, C6H6, and as the type on which its derivatives are formed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Benzile</h1>
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<hw>Ben"zile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Benzoin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellowish crystalline substance, C6H5.CO.CO.C6H5, formed from benzoin by the action of oxidizing agents, and consisting of a doubled benzoyl radical.</def>

<h1>Benzine</h1>
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<hw>Ben"zine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Benzoin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A liquid consisting mainly of the lighter and more volatile hydrocarbons of petroleum or kerosene oil, used as a solvent and for cleansing soiled fabrics; -- called also <altname>petroleum spirit</altname>, <altname>petroleum benzine</altname>. Varieties or similar products are gasoline, naphtha, rhigolene, ligroin, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Same as <er>Benzene</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<note>&hand; The hydrocarbons of <i>benzine</i> proper are essentially of the marsh gas series, while <i>benzene</i> proper is the typical hydrocarbon of the aromatic series.</note>

<h1>Benzoate</h1>
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<hw>Ben"zo*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>benzoate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt formed by the union of benzoic acid with any salifiable base.</def>

<hr>
<page="138">
Page 138<p>

<h1>Benzoic</h1>
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<hw>Ben*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>benzo\'8bque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, benzoin.</def>

<cs><col>Benzoic acid</col>, <cd>or <i>flowers of benzoin<i>, a peculiar vegetable acid, C6H5.CO2H, obtained from benzoin, and some other balsams, by sublimation or decoction. It is also found in the urine of infants and herbivorous animals. It crystallizes in the form of white, satiny flakes; its odor is aromatic; its taste is pungent, and somewhat acidulous.</cd> -- <col>Benzoic aldehyde</col>, <cd>oil of bitter almonds; the aldehyde, C6H5.CHO, intermediate in composition between benzoic or benzyl alcohol, and benzoic acid. It is a thin colorless liquid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Benzoin</h1>
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<hw>Ben*zoin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>benjoin</ets>, Sp. <ets>benjui</ets>, Pg. <ets>beijoin</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>lub\'ben-j\'bew\'c6</ets> incense form Sumatra (named Java in Arabic), the first syllable being lost. Cf. Benjamin.]</ety> <note>[Called also <altname>benjamin</altname>.]</note> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A resinous substance, dry and brittle, obtained from the <spn>Styrax benzoin</spn>, a tree of Sumatra, Java, etc., having a fragrant odor, and slightly aromatic taste. It is used in the preparation of benzoic acid, in medicine, and as a perfume.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A white crystalline substance, <chform>C14H12O2</chform>, obtained from benzoic aldehyde and some other sources.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The spicebush (<spn>Lindera benzoin</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>Flowers of benzoin</col>, <cd>benzoic acid. See under <er>Benzoic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Benzoinated</h1>
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<hw>Ben*zoin"a*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Containing or impregnated with benzoin; <as>as, <ex>benzoinated</ex> lard</as>.</def>

<h1>Benzole Benzol</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ben"zole Ben"zol</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Benzoin</ets> + L. <ets>ol</ets>eum oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An impure benzene, used in the arts as a solvent, and for various other purposes. See <er>Benzene</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; It has great solvent powers, and is used by manufacturers of India rubber and gutta percha; also for cleaning soiled kid gloves, and for other purposes.</note>

<h1>Benzoline</h1>
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<hw>Ben"zo*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Benzole</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Amarine</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Benzoyl</h1>
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<hw>Ben"zoyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Benzoic</ets> + Gr. <?/ wood. See <er>-yl</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound radical, <chform>C6H5.CO</chform>; the base of benzoic acid, of the oil of bitter almonds, and of an extensive series of compounds.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>benzule</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Benzyl</h1>
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<hw>Ben"zyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Benzoic</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound radical, <chform>C6H5.CH2</chform>, related to toluene and benzoic acid; -- commonly used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Bepaint</h1>
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<hw>Be*paint"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To paint; to cover or color with, or as with, paint.</def>

<blockquote>Else would a maiden blush <b>bepaint</b> my cheek.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bepelt</h1>
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<hw>Be*pelt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pelt roundly.</def>

<h1>Bepinch</h1>
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<hw>Be*pinch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bepinched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To pinch, or mark with pinches.</def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Beplaster</h1>
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<hw>Be*plas"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beplastered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beplastering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To plaster over; to cover or smear thickly; to bedaub.</def>

<blockquote><b>Beplastered</b> with rouge.
<i> Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beplumed</h1>
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<hw>Be*plumed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Decked with feathers.</def>

<h1>Bepommel</h1>
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<hw>Be*pom"mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bepommeled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bepommeling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To pommel; to beat, as with a stick; figuratively, to assail or criticise in conversation, or in writing.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Bepowder</h1>
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<hw>Be*pow"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sprinkle or cover with powder; to powder.</def>

<h1>Bepraise</h1>
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<hw>Be*praise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To praise greatly or extravagantly.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Beprose</h1>
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<hw>Be*prose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reduce to prose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "To <i>beprose</i> all rhyme."

<i>Mallet.</i>

<h1>Bepuffed</h1>
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<hw>Be*puffed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Puffed; praised.</def>

<i> Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Bepurple</h1>
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<hw>Be*pur"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tinge or dye with a purple color.</def>

<h1>Bequeath</h1>
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<hw>Be*queath"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bequeathed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bequeathing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>biquethen</ets>, AS. <ets>becwe<?/an</ets> to say, affirm, bequeath; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>cwe<?/an</ets> to say, speak. See <er>Quoth</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give or leave by will; to give by testament; -- said especially of personal property.</def>

<blockquote>My heritage, which my dead father did <b>bequeath</b> to me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hand down; to transmit.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>bequeath</b> posterity somewhat to remember it.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give; to offer; to commit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To whom, with all submission, on my knee
I do <b>bequeath</b> my faithful services
And true subjection everlastingly.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Bequeath</er>, <er>Devise</er>.</syn>  <usage>Both these words denote the giving or disposing of property by will. <i>Devise</i>, in legal usage, is property used to denote a gift by will of real property, and he to whom it is given is called the <i>devisee</i>. <i>Bequeath</i> is properly applied to a gift by will or legacy; <it>i. e.</it>, of personal property; the gift is called a <i>legacy</i>, and he who receives it is called a <i>legatee</i>. In popular usage the word <i>bequeath</i> is sometimes enlarged so as to embrace <i>devise</i>; and it is sometimes so construed by courts.</usage>

<h1>Bequeathable</h1>
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<hw>Be*queath"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being bequeathed.</def>

<h1>Bequeathal</h1>
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<hw>Be*queath"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of bequeathing; bequeathment; bequest.</def>

<i> Fuller.</i>

<h1>Bequeathment</h1>
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<hw>Be*queath"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of bequeathing, or the state of being bequeathed; a bequest.</def>

<h1>Bequest</h1>
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<hw>Be*quest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>biquest</ets>, corrupted fr. <ets>bequide</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + AS. <ets>cwide</ets> a saying, <ets>becwe<?/an</ets> to bequeath. The ending <ets>-est</ets> is probably due to confusion with <ets>quest</ets>. See <er>Bequeath</er>, <er>Quest</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of bequeathing or leaving by will; <as>as, a <ex>bequest</ex> of property by A</as>. to B.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is left by will, esp. personal property; a legacy; also, a gift.</def>

<h1>Bequest</h1>
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<hw>Be*quest"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bequeath, or leave as a legacy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "All I have to <i>bequest</i>."

<i>Gascoigne.</i>

<h1>Bequethen</h1>
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<hw>Be*queth"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def>old <tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Bequeath</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bequote</h1>
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<hw>Be*quote"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To quote constantly or with great frequency.</def>

<h1>Berain</h1>
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<hw>Be*rain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Berained</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beraining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To rain upon; to wet with rain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Berate</h1>
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<hw>Be*rate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> Berated; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> Berating.]</wordforms> <def>To rate or chide vehemently; to scold.  Holland. Motley.</def>

<h1>Berattle</h1>
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<hw>Be*rat"tle</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make rattle; to scold vociferously; to cry down.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Beray</h1>
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<hw>Be*ray"</hw> (?)  <tt>v.t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. be + ray to defile]</ety> <def>TO make foul; to soil; to defile.</def>
<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Berbe</h1>
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<hw>Berbe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Berber, Barb a Barbary horse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African genet (Genetta pardina). See Genet.</def>

<h1>Berber</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See Barbary.]</ety> <def>A member of a race somewhat resembling the Arabs, but often classed as Hamitic, who were formerly the inhabitants of the whole of North Africa from the Mediterranean southward into the Sahara, and who still occupy a large part of that region; -- called also Kabyles. Also, the language spoken by this people.</def>

<h1>Berberine</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ber*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid obtained, as a bitter, yellow substance, from the root of the barberry, gold thread, and other plants.</def>

<h1>Berberry</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<tt>n.</tt><def>See Barberry.</def>

<h1>Berdash</h1>
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<hw>Ber"dash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>,<tt>n.</tt>A kind of neckcloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A treatise against the cravat and <b>berdash</b>.
<i>Steele.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bere</h1>
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<hw>Bere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OIcel. <ets>berja</ets> to strike.]</ety> To pierce. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>   Chaucer.</def>

<h1>Bere</h1>
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<hw>Bere</hw><def>,<tt>n.</tt>See Bear, barley.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Bereave</h1>
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<hw>Be*reave"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bereaved</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <er>Bereft</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bereaving.</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bireven</ets>, AS. <ets>bere\'a0fian</ets>. See <er>Be-</er>, and <er>Reave.</er>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make destitute; to deprive; to strip; -- with of before the person or thing taken away.</def>

<blockquote>Madam, you have <b>bereft</b> me of all words. <i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Bereft</b> of him who taught me how to sing. <i>Tickell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take away from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All your interest in those territories
Is utterly <b>bereft</b> you; all is lost. <i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Shall move you to <b>bereave</b> my life. <i>Marlowe.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The imp. and past pple. form <i>bereaved</i> is not used in reference to immaterial objects. We say <i>bereaved</i> or <i>bereft</i> by death of a relative, <i>bereft</i> of hope and strength.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- To dispossess; to divest.</syn>

<h1>Bereavement</h1>
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<hw>Be*reave"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being bereaved; deprivation; esp., the loss of a relative by death.</def>

<h1>Bereaver</h1>
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<hw>Be*reav"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bereaves.</def>

<h1>Bereft</h1>
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<hw>Be*reft"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>of Bereave.</def>

<h1>Beretta</h1>
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<hw>Be*ret"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as Berretta.</def>

<h1>Berg</h1>
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<hw>Berg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[&root;95. See Barrow hill, and cf. Iceberg.]</ety> <def>A large mass or hill, as of ice.</def>

<blockquote>Glittering <b>bergs</b> of ice.  <i>Tennyson</i></blockquote>.

<h1>Bergamot</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ga*mot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. bergamote, fr. It. bergamotta; prob. a corruption of Turk. beg arm<?/di a lord's pear.]</ety> <p><b>1</b> . <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tree of the Orange family (<spn>Citrus bergamia</spn>), having a roundish or pear-shaped fruit, from the rind of which an essential oil of delicious odor is extracted, much prized as a perfume. Also, the fruit. <sd>(b)</sd> A variety of mint (<spn>Mentha aquatica, &var;. glabrata</spn>).</def>

<p><b>2.</b>   <def>The essence or perfume made from the fruit.</def>

<p><b>3.</b>   <def>A variety of pear.</def> <i>Johnson</i>.

<p><b>4.</b>   <def>A variety of snuff perfumed with bergamot.</def>

<blockquote>The better hand . . . gives the nose its <b>bergamot</b>. <i>Cowper</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>5.</b>   <def>A coarse tapestry, manufactured from flock of cotton or hemp, mixed with ox's or goat's hair; -- said to have been invented at Bergamo, Italy.  Encyc. Brit.</def>

<cs><col>Wild bergamot</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American herb of the Mint family (<spn>Monarda fistulosa</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Bergander</h1>
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<hw>Ber"gan*der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Berg, for burrow + gander a male goose ? Cf. G. bergente, Dan. gravgaas.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European duck (<spn>Anas tadorna</spn>). See Sheldrake.</def>

<h1>Bergeret</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ger*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. bergerete, F. berger a shepherd.]</ety> <def>A pastoral song.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bergh</h1>
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<hw>Bergh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. beorg.]</ety> <def>A hill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bergmaster</h1>
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<hw>Berg"mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See Barmaster.</def>

<h1>Bergmeal</h1>
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<hw>Berg"meal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. berg mountain + mehl meal.]</ety> <def>(Min.) An earthy substance, resembling fine flour. It is composed of the shells of infusoria, and in Lapland and Sweden is sometimes eaten, mixed with flour or ground birch bark, in times of scarcity. This name is also given to a white powdery variety of calcite.</def>

<h1>Bergmote</h1>
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<hw>Berg"mote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Barmote</er>.</def>

<h1>Bergomask</h1>
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<hw>Ber"go*mask</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rustic dance, so called in ridicule of the people of Bergamo, in Italy, once noted for their clownishness.</def>

<h1>Bergylt</h1>
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<hw>Ber"gylt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Norway haddock. See Rosefish.</def>

<h1>Berhyme</h1>
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<hw>Be*rhyme"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> Berhymed <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> Berhyming.]</wordforms> <def>To mention in rhyme or verse; to rhyme about.</def>  <note>[Sometimes use depreciatively.]</note> <i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Beriberi</h1>
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<hw>Be`ri*be"ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Singhalese <ets>beri</ets> weakness.]</ety> <def>An acute disease occurring in India, characterized by multiple inflammatory changes in the nerves, producing great muscular debility, a painful rigidity of the limbs, and cachexy.</def>

<h1>Berime</h1>
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<hw>Be*rime"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To berhyme.</def>  <note>[The earlier and etymologically preferable spelling.]</note>

<h1>Berkeleian</h1>
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<hw>Berke*le"ian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>,<tt>a.</tt>Of or relating to Bishop Berkeley or his system of idealism; <as>as, Berkeleian philosophy</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Berke"ley*ism</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Berlin</h1>
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<hw>Ber"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The capital of Prussia]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A four-wheeled carriage, having a sheltered seat behind the body and separate from it, invented in the 17th century, at Berlin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fine worsted for fancy-work; zephyr worsted; -- called also Berlin wool.</def>

<cs><col>Berlin black</col>, <cd>a black varnish, drying with almost a dead surface; -- used for coating the better kinds of ironware.</cd> <i>Ure.</i> -- <col>Berlin blue</col>, <cd>Prussian blue.</cd> <i>Ure</i>. -- <col>Berlin green</col>, <cd>a complex cyanide of iron, used as a green dye, and similar to Prussian blue.</cd> -- <col>Berlin iron</col>, <cd>a very fusible variety of cast iron, from which figures and other delicate articles are manufactured. These are often stained or lacquered in imitation of bronze.</cd> -- <col>Berlin shop</col>, <cd>a shop for the sale of worsted embroidery and the materials for such work.</cd> -- <col>Berlin work</col>, <cd>worsted embroidery.</cd></cs>

<h1>Berm Berme</h1>
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<hw><hw>Berm</hw> <hw>Berme</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>berme</ets>, of German origin; cf. G. <ets>brame</ets>, <ets>br\'84me</ets>, border, akin to E. <ets>brim</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A narrow shelf or path between the bottom of a parapet and the ditch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Engineering)</fld> <def>A ledge at the bottom of a bank or cutting, to catch earth that may roll down the slope, or to strengthen the bank.</def>

<h1>Bermuda grass</h1>
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<hw>Ber*mu"da grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of grass (<spn>Cynodon Dactylon</spn>) esteemed for pasture in the Southern United States.  It is a native of Southern Europe, but is now wide-spread in warm countries; -- called also <altname>scutch grass</altname>, and in Bermuda, <altname>devil grass</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bernacle</h1>
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<hw>Ber"na*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Barnacle</er>.</def>

<h1>Berna fly</h1>
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<hw>Ber"na fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Brazilian dipterous insect of the genus <spn>Trypeta</spn>, which lays its eggs in the nostrils or in wounds of man and beast, where the larv\'91 do great injury.</def>

<h1>Bernardine</h1>
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<hw>Ber"nar*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to St. Bernard of Clairvaux, or to the Cistercian monks.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A Cistercian monk.</def></def2>

<h1>Bernese</h1>
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<hw>Ber*nese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the city o<?/ canton of Bern, in Switzerland, or to its inhabitants.</def> -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def>A native or natives of Bern.</def></def2>

<h1>Bernicle</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ni*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bernak</ets>, <ets>bernacle</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>bernac</ets>; prob. fr. LL. <ets>bernacula</ets> for <ets>hibernicula</ets>, <ets>bernicula</ets>, fr. <ets>Hibernia</ets>; the birds coming from <ets>Hibernia</ets> or Ireland. Cf. 1st <er>Barnacle</er>.]</ety> <def>A bernicle goose.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>barnacle</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Bernicle goose</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a goose (<spn>Branta leucopsis</spn>), of Arctic Europe and America. It was formerly believed that it hatched from the cirripeds of the sea (<spn>Lepas</spn>), which were, therefore, called barnacles, goose barnacles, or Anatifers. The name is also applied to other related species. See <er>Anatifa</er> and <er>Cirripedia</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bernouse</h1>
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<hw>Ber*nouse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Some as <er>Burnoose</er>.</def>

<h1>Berob</h1>
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<hw>Be*rob"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To rob; to plunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Beroe</h1>
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<hw>Ber"o*e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Beroe</ets>, one of the Oceanid\'91 Gr. <ets><?/</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bero\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, oval, transparent jellyfish, belonging to the Ctenophora.</def>

<h1>Berretta</h1>
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<hw>Ber*ret"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. LL. <ets>birrettum</ets>, <ets>berretum</ets>, a cap, dim. of L. <ets>birrus</ets>, <ets>birrum</ets>, a cloak to keep off rain, cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> tawny, red: cf. Sp. <ets>birreta</ets>, Pg. <ets>barrete</ets>, and E. <er>Barret</er>.]</ety> <def>A square cap worn by ecclesiastics of the Roman Catholic Church. A cardinal's berretta is scarlet; that worn by other clerics is black, except that a bishop's is lined with green.</def> <altsp>[Also spelt <asp>beretta</asp>, <asp>biretta</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Berried</h1>
<Xpage=138>

<hw>Ber"ried</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with berries; consisting of a berry; baccate; <as>as, a <ex>berried</ex> shrub</as>.</def>

<h1>Berry</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Berries</plw>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>berie</ets>, AS. <ets>berie</ets>, <ets>berige</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bes</ets>, G. <ets>beere</ets>, OS. and OHG. <ets>beri</ets>, Icel. <ets>ber</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'84r</ets>, Goth. <ets>basi</ets>, and perh. Skr. <ets>bhas</ets> to eat.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any small fleshy fruit, as the strawberry, mulberry, huckleberry, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small fruit that is pulpy or succulent throughout, having seeds loosely imbedded in the pulp, as the currant, grape, blueberry.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The coffee bean.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One of the ova or eggs of a fish.</def>

<i>Travis.</i>

<cs><col>In berry</col>, <cd>containing ova or spawn.</cd></cs>

<h1>Berry</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ry</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Berried</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Berrying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bear or produce berries.</def>

<h1>Berry</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>beorh</ets>. See <er>Barrow</er> a hill.]</ety> <def>A mound; a hillock.</def>

<i>W. Browne.</i>

<h1>Berrying</h1>
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<hw>Ber"ry*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A seeking for or gathering of berries, esp. of such as grow wild.</def>

<h1>Berserk, Berserker</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ber"serk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ber"serk*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>berserkr</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Scand. Myth.)</fld> <def>One of a class of legendary heroes, who fought frenzied by intoxicating liquors, and naked, regardless of wounds.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who fights as if frenzied, like a Berserker.</def>

<h1>Berstle</h1>
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<hw>Bers"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bristle</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Berth</h1>
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<hw>Berth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the root of <ets>bear</ets> to produce, like <ets>birth</ets> nativity. See <er>Birth</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Also written <asp>birth</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Convenient sea room.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A room in which a number of the officers or ship's company mess and reside.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The place where a ship lies when she is at anchor, or at a wharf.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An allotted place; an appointment; situation or employment.</def> "He has a good <i>berth</i>."

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A place in a ship to sleep in; a long box or shelf on the side of a cabin or stateroom, or of a railway car, for sleeping in.</def>

<cs><col>Berth deck</col>, <cd>the deck next below the lower gun deck.</cd> <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i> -- <mcol><col>To give</col> (the land or any object) <col>a wide berth</col></mcol>, <cd>to keep at a distance from it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Berth</h1>
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<hw>Berth</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Berthed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Berthing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give an anchorage to, or a place to lie at; to place in a berth; <as>as, she was <ex>berthed</ex> stem to stern with the Adelaide</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To allot or furnish berths to, on shipboard; <as>as, to <ex>berth</ex> a ship's company</as>.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Bertha</h1>
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<hw>Ber"tha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>berthe</ets>, fr. <ets>Berthe</ets>, a woman's name.]</ety> <def>A kind of collar or cape worn by ladies.</def>

<h1>Berthage</h1>
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<hw>Berth"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place for mooring vessels in a dock or harbor.</def>

<h1>Berthierite</h1>
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<hw>Ber"thi*er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Berthier</ets>, a French naturalist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A double sulphide of antimony and iron, of a dark steel-gray color.</def>

<h1>Berthing</h1>
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<hw>Berth"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The planking outside of a vessel, above the sheer strake.</def>

<i>Smyth.</i>

<h1>Bertram</h1>
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<hw>Ber"tram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. L. <ets>pyrethrum</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a hot spicy plant, fr. <ets><?/</ets> fire.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pellitory of Spain (<spn>Anacyclus pyrethrum</spn>).</def>

<hr>
<page="139">
Page 139<p>

<h1>Berycoid</h1>
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<hw>Ber"y*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>beryx</ets>, the name of the typical genus + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the <i>Berycid\'91</i>, a family of marine fishes.</def>

<h1>Beryl</h1>
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<hw>Ber"yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82ryl</ets>, OF. beril, L. <ets>beryllus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, prob. fr. Skr. <ets>vaid<?/rya</ets>. Cf. <er>Brilliant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of great hardness, and, when transparent, of much beauty. It occurs in hexagonal prisms, commonly of a green or bluish green color, but also yellow, pink, and white. It is a silicate of aluminium and glucinum (beryllium). The <i>aquamarine</i> is a transparent, sea-green variety used as a gem. The <i>emerald</i> is another variety highly prized in jewelry, and distinguished by its deep color, which is probably due to the presence of a little oxide of chromium.</def>

<h1>Berylline</h1>
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<hw>Ber"yl*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a beryl; of a light or bluish green color.</def>

<h1>Beryllium</h1>
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<hw>Be*ryl"li*um</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A metallic element found in the beryl. See <er>Glucinum</er>.</def>

<h1>Berylloid</h1>
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<hw>Ber"yl*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Beryl</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A solid consisting of a double twelve-sided pyramid; -- so called because the planes of this form occur on crystals of beryl.</def>

<h1>Besaiel, Besaile, Besayle</h1>
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<hw><hw>Be*saiel"</hw>, <hw>Be*saile"</hw>, <hw>Be*sayle"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>beseel</ets>, F. <ets>bisa\'8beul</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + LL. <ets>avolus</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>avus</ets> grandfather.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A great-grandfather.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A kind of writ which formerly lay where a great-grandfather died seized of lands in fee simple, and on the day of his death a stranger abated or entered and kept the heir out. This is now abolished.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Besaint</h1>
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<hw>Be*saint"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a saint of.</def>

<h1>Besant</h1>
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<hw>Be*sant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bezant</er>.</def>

<h1>Bes-antler</h1>
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<hw>Bes-ant"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bez-antler</er>.</def>

<h1>Bescatter</h1>
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<hw>Be*scat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To scatter over.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover sparsely by scattering (something); to strew.</def> "With flowers <i>bescattered</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bescorn</h1>
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<hw>Be*scorn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat with scorn.</def> "Then was he <i>bescorned</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bescratch</h1>
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<hw>Be*scratch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tear with the nails; to cover with scratches.</def>

<h1>Bescrawl</h1>
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<hw>Be*scrawl"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with scrawls; to scribble over.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bescreen</h1>
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<hw>Be*screen"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with a screen, or as with a screen; to shelter; to conceal.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bescribble</h1>
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<hw>Be*scrib"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To scribble over.</def> "<i>Bescribbled</i> with impertinences."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bescumber, Bescummer</h1>
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<hw><hw>Be*scum"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Be*scum"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>scumber</ets>, <ets>scummer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To discharge ordure or dung upon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Besee</h1>
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<hw>Be*see"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bese\'a2n</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets><?/e\'a2n</ets> to see.]</ety> <def>To see; to look; to mind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Beseech</h1>
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<hw>Be*seech"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Besought</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beseeching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bisechen</ets>, <ets>biseken</ets> (akin to G. <ets>besuchen</ets> to visit); pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>sechen</ets>, <ets>seken</ets>, to seek. See <er>Seek</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ask or entreat with urgency; to supplicate; to implore.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>beseech</b> you, punish me not with your hard thoughts.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But Eve . . . <b>besought</b> his peace.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To beg; to crave.</syn> <usage> -- <er>To Beseech</er>, <er>Entreat</er>, <er>Solicit</er>, <er>Implore</er>, <er>Supplicate</er>. These words agree in marking that sense of want which leads men to beg some favor. To <i>solicit</i> is to make a request, with some degree of earnestness and repetition, of one whom we address as a superior. To <i>entreat</i> implies greater urgency, usually enforced by adducing reasons or arguments. To <i>beseech</i> is still stronger, and belongs rather to the language of poetry and imagination. To <i>implore</i> denotes increased fervor of entreaty, as addressed either to equals or superiors. To <i>supplicate</i> expresses the extreme of entreaty, and usually implies a state of deep humiliation. Thus, a captive <i>supplicates</i> a conqueror to spare his life. Men <i>solicit</i> by virtue of their interest with another; they <i>entreat</i> in the use of reasoning and strong representations; they <i>beseech</i> with importunate earnestness; they <i>implore</i> from a sense of overwhelming distress; they <i>supplicate</i> with a feeling of the most absolute inferiority and dependence.</usage>

<h1>Beseech</h1>
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<hw>Be*seech"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Solicitation; supplication.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Beseecher</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*seech"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who beseeches.</def>

<h1>Beseeching</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*seech"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Entreating urgently; imploring; <as>as, a <ex>beseeching</ex> look</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*seech"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Be*seech"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Beseechment</h1>
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<hw>Be*seech"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of beseeching or entreating earnestly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Goodwin.</i>

<h1>Beseek</h1>
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<hw>Be*seek"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To beseech.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Beseem</h1>
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<hw>Be*seem"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beseemed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beseeming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>seem</ets>.]</ety> <def>Literally: To appear or seem (<i>well</i>, <i>ill</i>, <i>best</i>, etc.) for (one) to do or to have. Hence: To be fit, suitable, or proper for, or worthy of; to become; to befit.</def>

<blockquote>A duty well <b>beseeming</b> the preachers.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What form of speech or behavior <b>beseemeth</b> us, in our prayers to God ?
<i> Hocker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beseem</h1>
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<hw>Be*seem"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To seem; to appear; to be fitting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "As <i>beseemed</i> best."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Beseeming</h1>
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<hw>Be*seem"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Appearance; look; garb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I . . .  did company these three in poor <b>beseeming</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Comeliness.</def>

<i>Baret.</i>

<h1>Beseeming</h1>
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<hw>Be*seem"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Becoming; suitable.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*seem"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Be*seem"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Beseemly</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*seem"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fit; suitable; becoming.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>In <b>beseemly</b> order sitten there.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beseen</h1>
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<hw>Be*seen"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Properly the p. p. of <ets>besee</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Seen; appearing.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Decked or adorned; clad.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Accomplished; versed.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Beset</h1>
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<hw>Be*set"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beset</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Besetting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>besettan</ets> (akin to OHG. <ets>bisazjan</ets>, G. <ets>besetzen</ets>, D. <ets>bezetten</ets>); pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>settan</ets> to set. See <er>Set</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set or stud (anything) with ornaments or prominent objects.</def>

<blockquote>A robe of azure <b>beset</b> with drops of gold.
<i> Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The garden is so <b>beset</b> with all manner of sweet shrubs that it perfumes the air.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hem in; to waylay; to surround; to besiege; to blockade.</def> "<i>Beset</i> with foes."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Let thy troops <b>beset</b> our gates.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To set upon on all sides; to perplex; to harass; -- said of dangers, obstacles, etc.</def>  "Adam, sore <i>beset</i>, replied." <i>Milton</i>.  "<i>Beset</i> with ills." <i>Addison</i>. "Incommodities which <i>beset</i> old age."  <i>Burke</i>.

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To occupy; to employ; to use up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To surround; inclose; environ; hem in; besiege; encircle; encompass; embarrass; urge; press.</syn>

<h1>Besetment</h1>
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<hw>Be*set"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of besetting, or the state of being beset; also, that which besets one, as a sin.</def> "Fearing a <i>besetment</i>."

<i>Kane.</i>

<h1>Besetter</h1>
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<hw>Be*set"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, besets.</def>

<h1>Besetting</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*set"ting</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Habitually attacking, harassing, or pressing upon or about; <as>as, a <ex>besetting</ex> sin</as>.</def>

<h1>Beshine</h1>
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<hw>Be*shine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beshone</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beshining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To shine upon; to ullumine.</def>

<h1>Beshow</h1>
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<hw>Be*show"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large food fish (<spn>Anoplopoma fimbria</spn>) of the north Pacific coast; -- called also <altname>candlefish</altname>.</def>

<h1>Beshrew</h1>
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<hw>Be*shrew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To curse; to execrate.</def>

<blockquote><b>Beshrew</b> me, but I love her heartily.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Often a very mild form of imprecation; sometimes so far from implying a curse, as to be uttered coaxingly, nay even with some tenderness.

<i>Schmidt.</i>
</note>

<h1>Beshroud</h1>
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<hw>Be*shroud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with, or as with, a shroud; to screen.</def>

<h1>Beshut</h1>
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<hw>Be*shut"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shut up or out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Beside</h1>
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<hw>Be*side"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>biside</ets>, <ets>bisiden</ets>, <ets>bisides</ets>, prep. and adv., beside, besides; pref. <ets>be-</ets> by + <ets>side</ets>. Cf. Besides, and see <er>Side</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At the side of; on one side of.</def> "<i>Beside</i> him hung his bow."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Aside from; out of the regular course or order of; in a state of deviation from; out of.</def>

<blockquote>[You] have done enough
To put him quite <b>beside</b> his patience.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Over and above; distinct from; in addition to.</def> <note>[In this use <i>besides</i> is now commoner.]</note>

<blockquote>Wise and learned men <b>beside</b> those whose names are in the Christian records.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To be beside one's self</col>, <cd>to be out ob one's wits or senses.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Paul, thou art <b>beside thyself</b>.
<i> Acts xxvi. 24.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Beside</er>, <er>Besides</er>.</syn> <usage> These words, whether used as prepositions or adverbs, have been considered strictly synonymous, from an early period of our literature, and have been freely interchanged by our best writers. There is, however, a tendency, in present usage, to make the following distinction between them: 1. That <i>beside</i> be used only and always as a preposition, with the original meaning "by the side of; " as, to sit <i>beside</i> a fountain; or with the closely allied meaning "aside from", "apart from", or "out of"; as, this is <i>beside</i> our present purpose; to be <i>beside</i> one's self with joy. The adverbial sense to be wholly transferred to the cognate word. 2. That <i>besides</i>, as a preposition, take the remaining sense "in addition to", as, <i>besides</i> all this; <i>besides</i> the considerations here offered. "There was a famine in the land besides the first famine." <i>Gen. xxvi. 1</i>. And that it also take the adverbial sense of  "moreover", "beyond", etc., which had been divided between the words; as, <i>besides</i>, there are other considerations which belong to this case. The following passages may serve to illustrate this use of the words: --

<blockquote>Lovely Thais sits <b>beside</b> thee.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Only be patient till we have appeased
The multitude, <b>beside</b> themselves with fear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is <b>beside</b> my present business to enlarge on this speculation.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Besides</b> this, there are persons in certain situations who are expected to be charitable.
<i>Bp. Porteus.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And, <b>besides</b>, the Moor
May unfold me to him; there stand I in much peril.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That man that does not know those things which are of necessity for him to know is but an ignorant man, whatever he may know <b>besides</b>.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>
</usage>

<note>See <er>Moreover</er>.</note>

<h1>Besides, Beside</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw><hw>Be*sides"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Be*side"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. Same as <ets>beside</ets>, prep.; the ending <ets>-s</ets> is an adverbial one, prop. a genitive sign.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On one side.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>More than that; over and above; not included in the number, or in what has been mentioned; moreover; in addition.</def>

<blockquote>The men said unto Lot, Hast thou here any <b>besides</b> ?
<i>Gen. xix. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To all <b>beside</b>, as much an empty shade,
An Eugene living, as a C\'91sar dead.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; These sentences may be considered as elliptical.</note>

<h1>Besides</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*sides</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Over and above; separate or distinct from; in addition to; other than; else than. See <er>Beside</er>, <i>prep</i>., 3, and Syn. under <er>Beside</er>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Besides</b> your cheer, you shall have sport.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Besiege</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*siege"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Besieged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Besieging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bisegen</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>segen</ets> to siege. See <er>Siege</er>.]</ety> <def>To beset or surround with armed forces, for the purpose of compelling to surrender; to lay siege to; to beleaguer; to beset.</def>

<blockquote>Till Paris was <b>besieged</b>, famished, and lost.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To environ; hem in; invest; encompass.</syn>

<h1>Besiegement</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*siege"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of besieging, or the state of being besieged.</def>

<i>Golding.</i>

<h1>Besieger</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*sie"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who besieges; -- opposed to <i>the besieged</i>.</def>

<h1>Besieging</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*sie"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That besieges; laying siege to.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*sie"ging*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Besit</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*sit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>sit</ets>.]</ety> <def>To suit; to fit; to become.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Beslabber</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*slab"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To beslobber.</def>

<h1>Beslave</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*slave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To enslave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Beslaver</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*slav"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beslavered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beslavering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To defile with slaver; to beslobber.</def>

<h1>Beslime</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*slime"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To daub with slime; to soil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Beslobber</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*slob"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To slobber on; to smear with spittle running from the mouth. Also Fig.: as, to <i>beslobber</i> with praise.</def>

<h1>Beslubber</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*slub"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To beslobber.</def>

<h1>Besmear</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*smear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Besmeared</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Besmearing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To smear with any viscous, glutinous matter; to bedaub; to soil.</def>

<blockquote><b>Besmeared</b> with precious balm.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Besmearer</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*smear"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One that besmears.</def>

<h1>Besmirch</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*smirch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Besmirched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Besmirching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To smirch or soil; to discolor; to obscure. Hence: To dishonor; to sully.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Besmoke</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*smoke"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To foul with smoke.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To harden or dry in smoke.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Besmut</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*smut"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Besmutted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Besmutting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>smut</ets>: cf. AS. <ets>besm\'c6tan</ets>, and also OE. <ets>besmotren</ets>.]</ety> <def>To blacken with smut; to foul with soot.</def>

<h1>Besnow</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*snow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Besnowed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bisnewen</ets>, AS. <ets>besn\'c6wan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>sn\'c6wan</ets> to snow.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To scatter like snow; to cover thick, as with snow flakes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover with snow; to whiten with snow, or as with snow.</def>

<h1>Besnuff</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*snuff"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To befoul with snuff.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Besogne</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*sogne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bisogne</ets>.]</ety> <def>A worthless fellow; a bezonian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Besom</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be"som</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>besme</ets>, <ets>besum</ets>, AS. <ets>besma</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bezem</ets>, OHG <ets>pesamo</ets>, G. <ets>besen</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>A brush of twigs for sweeping; a broom; anything which sweeps away or destroys.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Fig.]</mark>

<blockquote>I will sweep it with the <b>besom</b> of destruction.
<i>Isa. xiv. 23.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The housemaid with her <b>besom</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Besom</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be"som</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Besomed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To sweep, as with a besom.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Poetic]</mark>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>Rolls back all Greece, and <b>besoms</b> wide the plain.
<i>Barlow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Besomer</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be"som*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who uses a besom.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Besort</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*sort"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To assort or be congruous with; to fit, or become.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Such men as may <b>besort</b> your age.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Besort</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*sort"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Befitting associates or attendants.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With such accommodation and <b>besort</b>
As levels with her breeding.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Besot</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*sot"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Besotted</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Besotting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make sottish; to make dull or stupid; to stupefy; to infatuate.</def>

<blockquote>Fools <b>besotted</b> with their crimes.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Besotted</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*sot"ted</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made sottish, senseless, or infatuated; characterized by drunken stupidity, or by infatuation; stupefied.</def>   "<i>Besotted</i> devotion." <i>Sir W. Scott</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Be*sot"ted*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Be*sot"ted*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Besottingly</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*sot"ting*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a besotting manner.</def>

<h1>Besought</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*sought"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Beseech</er>.</def>

<h1>Bespangle</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*span"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bespangled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bespangling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To adorn with spangles; to dot or sprinkle with something brilliant or glittering.</def>

<blockquote>The grass . . . is all <b>bespangled</b> with dewdrops.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bespatter</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*spat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bespattered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bespattering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To soil by spattering; to sprinkle, esp. with dirty water, mud, or anything which will leave foul spots or stains.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To asperse with calumny or reproach.</def>

<blockquote>Whom never faction could <b>bespatter</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bespawl</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*spawl"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To daub, soil, or make foul with spawl or spittle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bespeak</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*speak"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Bespoke</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Bespake</er> <mark>(Archaic)</mark>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Bespoke</er>, <er>Bespoken</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bespeaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bispeken</ets>, AS. <ets>besprecan</ets>, to speak to, accuse; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>sprecan</ets> to speak. See <er>Speak</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To speak or arrange for beforehand; to order or engage against a future time; <as>as, to bespeak goods, a right, or a favor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Concluding, naturally, that to gratify his avarice was to <b>bespeak</b> his favor.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To show beforehand; to foretell; to indicate.</def>

<blockquote>[They] <b>bespoke</b> dangers . . .  in order to scare the allies.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To betoken; to show; to indicate by external marks or appearances.</def>

<blockquote>When the abbot of St. Martin was born, he had so little the figure of a man that it <b>bespoke</b> him rather a monster.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To speak to; to address.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>He thus the queen <b>bespoke</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bespeak</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*speak"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To speak.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bespeak</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*speak"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bespeaking. Among actors, a benefit (when a particular play is bespoken.)</def> "The night of her <i>bespeak</i>."

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Bespeaker</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*speak"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bespeaks.</def>

<h1>Bespeckle</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*spec"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bespeckled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bespeckling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To mark with speckles or spots.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bespew</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*spew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To soil or daub with spew; to vomit on.</def>

<h1>Bespice</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*spice"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To season with spice, or with some spicy drug.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bespirt</h1>
<Xpage=139>

<hw>Be*spirt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bespurt</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="140">
Page 140<p>

<hr>
<page="140">
Page 140<p>

<h1>Bespit</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*spit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Bespit</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Bespit</er>, <er>Bespitten</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bespitting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To daub or soil with spittle.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Bespoke</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*spoke"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Bespeak</er>.</def>

<h1>Bespot</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*spot"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bespotted</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bespotting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To mark with spots, or as with spots.</def>

<h1>Bespread</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*spread"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bespread</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bespreading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To spread or cover over.</def>

<blockquote>The carpet which <b>bespread</b>
His rich pavilion's floor.
<i> Glover.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Besprent</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*sprent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bespreynt</ets>, p. p. of <ets>besprengen</ets>, <ets>bisprengen</ets>, to besprinkle, AS. <ets>besprengan</ets>, akin to D. & G. <ets>besprengen</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>sprengan</ets> to sprinkle. See <er>Sprinkle</er>.]</ety> <def>Sprinkled over; strewed.</def>

<blockquote>His face <b>besprent</b> with liquid crystal shines.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The floor with tassels of fir was <b>besprent</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Besprinkle</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*sprin"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Besprinkled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Besprinkling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To sprinkle over; to scatter over.</def>

<blockquote>The bed <b>besprinkles</b>, and bedews the ground.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Besprinkler</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*sprin"kler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, besprinkles.</def>

<h1>Besprinkling</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*sprin"kling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of sprinkling anything; a sprinkling over.</def>

<h1>Bespurt</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*spurt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To spurt on or over; to asperse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bessemer steel</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Bes"se*mer steel`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>Steel made directly from cast iron, by burning out a portion of the carbon and other impurities that the latter contains, through the agency of a blast of air which is forced through the molten metal; -- so called from Sir Henry <i>Bessemer</i>, an English engineer, the inventor of the process.</def>

<h1>Best</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Best</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>; <i>superl</i>. <i>of</i> Good. <ety>[AS. <ets>besta</ets>, <ets>best</ets>, contr. from <ets>betest</ets>, <ets>betst</ets>, <ets>betsta</ets>; akin to Goth. <ets>batists</ets>, OHG. <ets>pezzisto</ets>, G. <ets>best</ets>, <ets>beste</ets>, D. <ets>best</ets>, Icel. <ets>beztr</ets>, Dan. <ets>best</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'84st</ets>. This word has no connection in origin with <ets>good</ets>. See <er>Better</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having good qualities in the highest degree; most good, kind, desirable, suitable, etc.; most excellent; <as>as, the <ex>best</ex> man; the <ex>best</ex> road; the <ex>best</ex> cloth; the <ex>best</ex> abilities.</as></def>

<blockquote>When he is <b>best</b>, he is a little worse than a man.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Heaven's last, <b>best</b> gift, my ever new delight.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Most advanced; most correct or complete; <as>as, the <ex>best</ex> scholar; the <ex>best</ex> view of a subject.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Most; largest; <as>as, the <ex>best</ex> part of a week</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Best man</col>, <cd>the only or principal groomsman at a wedding ceremony.</cd></cs>

<h1>Best</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Best</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Utmost; highest endeavor or state; most nearly perfect thing, or being, or action; <as>as, to do one's <ex>best</ex>; to the <ex>best</ex> of our ability.</as></def>

<cs><col>At best</col>, <cd>in the utmost degree or extent applicable to the case; under the most favorable circumstances; as, life is <i>at best<i> very short.</cd> -- <col>For best</col>, <cd>finally.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "Those constitutions . . . are now established <i>for best<i>, and not to be mended." <i>Milton</i>. -- <col>To get the best o</col><cd>f, to gain an advantage over, whether fairly or unfairly.</cd> -- <col>To make the best of</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To improve to the utmost; to use or dispose of to the greatest advantage.</cd> "Let there be freedom to carry their commodities where they can <i>make the best of<i> them." <i>Bacon</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To reduce to the least possible inconvenience; as, to <i>make the best of<i> ill fortune or a bad bargain.</cd></cs>

<h1>Best</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Best</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> of <er>Well</er>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the highest degree; beyond all others.</def> "Thou serpent! That name <i>best</i> befits thee."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>He prayeth <b>best</b>, who loveth <b>best</b>
All things both great and small.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To the most advantage; with the most success, case, profit, benefit, or propriety.</def>

<blockquote>Had we <b>best</b> retire? I see a storm.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Had I not <b>best</b> go to her?
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Most intimately; most thoroughly or correctly; <as>as, what is expedient is <ex>best</ex> known to himself</as>.</def>

<h1>Best</h1>
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<hw>Best</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To get the better of.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Bestad</h1>
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<hw>Be*stad"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Bestead</er>. <def>Beset; put in peril.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bestain</h1>
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<hw>Be*stain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To stain.</def>

<h1>Bestar</h1>
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<hw>Be*star"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bestarred</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To sprinkle with, or as with, stars; to decorate with, or as with, stars; to bestud.</def> "<i>Bestarred</i> with anemones."

<i>W. Black.</i>

<h1>Bestead</h1>
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<hw>Be*stead"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bestead</er> or <er>Bested</er>, also <mark>(Obs.)</mark> <er>Bestad</er>. In sense 3 <i>imp.</i> also <er>Besteaded</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>stead</ets> a place.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put in a certain situation or condition; to circumstance; to place.</def> <mark>[Only in p. p.]</mark>

<blockquote>They shall pass through it, hardly <b>bestead</b> and hungry: . . . and curse their king and their God.
<i>Is. viii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Many far worse <b>bestead</b> than ourselves.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put in peril; to beset.</def> <note>[Only in p. p.]</note>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To serve; to assist; to profit; to avail.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bestial</h1>
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<hw>Bes"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bestial</ets>, L. <ets>bestialis</ets>, fr. <ets>bestia</ets> beast. See <er>Beast</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to a beast, or to the class of beasts.</def>

<blockquote> Among the <b>bestial</b> herds to range.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the qualities of a beast; brutal; below the dignity of reason or humanity; irrational; carnal; beastly; sensual.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Brutish; beastly; brutal; carnal; vile; low; depraved; sensual; filthy.</syn>

<h1>Bestial</h1>
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<hw>Bes"tial</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A domestic animal; also collectively, cattle; <as>as, other kinds of <ex>bestial</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Bestiality</h1>
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<hw>Bes*tial"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bestialit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being bestial.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unnatural connection with a beast.</def>

<h1>Bestialize</h1>
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<hw>Bes"tial*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bestialized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bestializing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make bestial, or like a beast; to degrade; to brutalize.</def>

<blockquote>The process of <b>bestializing</b> humanity.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bestially</h1>
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<hw>Bes"tial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a bestial manner.</def>

<h1>Bestick</h1>
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<hw>Be*stick"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bestuck</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Besticking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To stick over, as with sharp points pressed in; to mark by infixing points or spots here and there; to pierce.</def>

<blockquote>Truth shall retire
<b>Bestuck</b> with slanderous darts.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bestill</h1>
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<hw>Be*still"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make still.</def>

<h1>Bestir</h1>
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<hw>Be*stir"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bestirred</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bestirring</er>.]</wordforms> <def> To put into brisk or vigorous action; to move with life and vigor; -- usually with the reciprocal pronoun.</def>

<blockquote>You have so <b>bestirred</b> your valor.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Rouse and <b>bestir</b> themselves ere well awake.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bestorm</h1>
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<hw>Be*storm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To storm.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Bestow</h1>
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<hw>Be*stow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bestowed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bestowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bestowen</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>stow</ets> a place. See <er>Stow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay up in store; to deposit for safe keeping; to stow; to place; to put.</def> "He <i>bestowed</i> it in a pouch."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<blockquote>See that the women are <b>bestowed</b> in safety.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To use; to apply; to devote, as time or strength in some occupation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To expend, as money.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give or confer; to impart; -- with on or upon.</def>

<blockquote>Empire is on us <b>bestowed</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Though I <b>bestow</b> all my goods to feed the poor.
<i> 1 Cor. xiii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To give in marriage.</def>

<blockquote>I could have <b>bestowed</b> her upon a fine gentleman.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To demean; to conduct; to behave; -- followed by a reflexive pronoun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>How might we see Falstaff <b>bestow</b> himself to-night in his true colors, and not ourselves be seen ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To give; grant; present; confer; accord.</syn>

<h1>Bestowal</h1>
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<hw>Be*stow"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of bestowing; disposal.</def>

<h1>Bestower</h1>
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<hw>Be*stow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One that bestows.</def>

<h1>Bestowment</h1>
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<hw>Be*stow"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of giving or bestowing; a conferring or bestowal.</def>

<blockquote>If we consider this <b>bestowment</b> of gifts in this view.
<i>Chauncy.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is given or bestowed.</def>

<blockquote>They almost refuse to give due praise and credit to God's own <b>bestowments</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bestraddle</h1>
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<hw>Be*strad"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bestride.</def>

<h1>Bestraught</h1>
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<hw>Be*straught"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>straught</ets>; prob. here used for <ets>distraught</ets>.]</ety> <def>Out of one's senses; distracted; mad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bestreak</h1>
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<hw>Be*streak"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To streak.</def>

<h1>Bestrew</h1>
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<hw>Be*strew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Bestrewed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Bestrewed</er>, <er>Bestrown</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bestrewing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strew or scatter over; to besprinkle. </def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>bestrow</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bestride</h1>
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<hw>Be*stride"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Bestrode</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>(Obs. or R.)</mark> <er>Bestrid</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Bestridden</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Bestrid</er>, <er>Bestrode</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bestriding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>bestr\'c6dan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>str\'c6dan</ets> to stride.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stand or sit with anything between the legs, or with the legs astride; to stand over</def>

<blockquote>That horse that thou so often hast <b>bestrid</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Why, man, he doth <b>bestride</b> the narrow world
Like a Colossus.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To step over; to stride over or across; <as>as, to <ex>bestride</ex> a threshold</as>.</def>

<h1>Bestrode</h1>
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<hw>Be*strode"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Bestride</er>.</def>

<h1>Bestrown</h1>
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<hw>Be*strown"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Bestrew</er>.</def>

<h1>Bestuck</h1>
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<hw>Be*stuck"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bestick</er>.</def>

<h1>Bestud</h1>
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<hw>Be*stud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bestudded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bestudding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To set or adorn, as with studs or bosses; to set thickly; to stud; <as>as, to <ex>bestud</ex> with stars</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Beswike</h1>
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<hw>Be*swike"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>besw\'c6can</ets>; <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>sw\'c6can</ets> to deceive, entice; akin to OS. <ets>sw\'c6kan</ets>, OHG. <ets>sw\'c6hhan</ets>, Icel. <ets>sv\'c6kja</ets>.]</ety> <def>To lure; to cheat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Bet</h1>
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<hw>Bet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from OE. <ets>abet</ets> abetting, OF. <ets>abet</ets>, fr. <ets>abeter</ets> to excite, incite. See <er>Abet</er>.]</ety> <def>That which is laid, staked, or pledged, as between two parties, upon the event of a contest or any contingent issue; the act of giving such a pledge; a wager.</def> "Having made his <i>bets</i>."

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Bet</h1>
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<hw>Bet</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bet</er>, <er>Betted</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Betting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To stake or pledge upon the event of a contingent issue; to wager.</def>

<blockquote>John a Gaunt loved him well, and <b>betted</b> much money on his head.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I'll <b>bet</b> you two to one I'll make him do it.
<i>O. W. Holmes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bet</h1>
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<hw>Bet</hw>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Beat</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bet</h1>
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<hw>Bet</hw>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>An early form of <er>Better</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>To go bet</col>, <cd>to go fast; to hurry.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Betaine</h1>
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<hw>Be"ta*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>beta</ets>, generic name of the beet.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous base, <chform>C5H11NO2</chform>, produced artificially, and also occurring naturally in beetroot molasses and its residues, from which it is extracted as a white crystalline substance; -- called also <altname>lycine</altname> and <altname>oxyneurine</altname>. It has a sweetish taste.</def>
<-- not the amino acid lysine -->

<h1>Betake</h1>
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<hw>Be*take"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Betook</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Betaken</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Betaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>take</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take or seize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have recourse to; to apply; to resort; to go; -- with a reflexive pronoun.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>betook</b> themselves to treaty and submission.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The rest, in imitation, to like arms
<b>Betook</b> them.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whither shall I <b>betake</b> me, where subsist?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To commend or intrust to; to commit to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Betaught</h1>
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<hw>Be*taught"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<tt>a.</tt> <ety>[p. p. of OE. <ets>bitechen</ets>, AS. <ets>bet<?/can</ets>, to assign, deliver. See <er>Teach</er>.]</ety> <def>Delivered; committed in trust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bete</h1>
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<hw>Bete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To better; to mend. See <er>Beete</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Beteela</h1>
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<hw>Be*tee"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>beatilha</ets>.]</ety> <def>An East India muslin, formerly used for cravats, veils, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Beteem</h1>
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<hw>Be*teem"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + an old verb <ets>teem</ets> to be fitting; cf. D. <ets>betamen</ets> to beseem, G. <ets>ziemen</ets>, Goth. <ets>gatiman</ets>, and E. <ets>tame</ets>. See <er>Tame</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give ; to bestow; to grant; to accord; to consent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Spenser. Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To allow; to permit; to suffer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So loving to my mother,
That he might not <b>beteem</b> the winds of heaven
Visit her face too roughly.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Betel</h1>
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<hw>Be"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg., fr. Tamil <ets>vettilei</ets>, prop. meaning, a mere leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of pepper (<spn>Piper betle</spn>), the leaves of which are chewed, with the areca or betel nut and a little shell lime, by the inhabitants of the East Indies. I is a woody climber with ovate manynerved leaves.</def>

<h1>Betelguese</h1>
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<hw>Bet"el*guese</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>B\'82telgeuse</ets>, of Arabic origin.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A bright star of the first magnitude, near one shoulder of Orion.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Betelgeux</asp> and <asp>Betelgeuse</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Betel nut</h1>
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<hw>Be"tel nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The nutlike seed of the areca palm, chewed in the East with betel leaves (whence its name) and shell lime.</def>

<h1>B\'88te noire</h1>
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<hw>B\'88te" noire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Fr., lit. black beast.]</ety> <def>Something especially hated or dreaded; a bugbear.</def>

<h1>Bethabara wood</h1>
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<hw>Beth*ab"a*ra wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A highly elastic wood, used for fishing rods, etc. The tree is unknown, but it is thought to be East Indian.</def>

<h1>Bethel</h1>
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<hw>Beth"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>b<?/th-el</ets> house of God.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A place of worship; a hallowed spot.</def>

<i>S. F. Adams.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A chapel for dissenters.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A house of worship for seamen.</def>

<h1>Bethink</h1>
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<hw>Be*think"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bethought</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bethinking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>be<?/encan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets><?/encan</ets> to think. See <er>Think</er>.]</ety> <def>To call to mind; to recall or bring to recollection, reflection, or consideration; to think; to consider; -- generally followed by a reflexive pronoun, often with <i>of</i> or <i>that</i> before the subject of thought.</def>

<blockquote>I have <b>bethought</b> me of another fault.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The rest . . . may . . . <b>bethin</b>k themselves, and recover.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We <b>bethink</b> a means to break it off.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To recollect; remember; reflect.</syn>

<h1>Bethink</h1>
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<hw>Be*think"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To think; to recollect; to consider.</def> "<i>Bethink</i> ere thou dismiss us."

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Bethlehem</h1>
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<hw>Beth"le*hem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>b<?/th-lekhem</ets> house of food; <ets>b<?/th</ets> house + <ets>lekhem</ets> food, <ets>l\'bekham</ets> to eat. Formerly the name of a hospital for the insane, in London, which had been the priory of St. Mary of Bethlehem. Cf. <er>Bedlam</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hospital for lunatics; -- corrupted into <i>bedlam</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>In the Ethiopic church, a small building attached to a church edifice, in which the bread for the eucharist is made.</def>

<i>Audsley.</i>

<h1>Bethlehemite, Bethlemite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Beth"le*hem*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Beth"lem*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inhabitant of Bethlehem in Judea.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An insane person; a madman; a bedlamite.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of an extinct English order of monks.</def>

<h1>Bethought</h1>
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<hw>Be*thought"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Bethink</er>.</def>

<h1>Bethrall</h1>
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<hw>Be*thrall"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reduce to thralldom; to inthrall.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bethumb</h1>
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<hw>Be*thumb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To handle; to wear or soil by handling; as books.</def>

<i> Poe.</i>

<h1>Bethump</h1>
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<hw>Be*thump"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bethumped</er> <tt>(#)</tt>, or <er>Bethumpt</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bethumping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To beat or thump soundly.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Betide</h1>
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<hw>Be*tide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Betided</er> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>Obs</tt>. <er>Betid</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Betiding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bitiden</ets>; pref. <ets>bi-</ets>, <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>tiden</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>t\'c6dan</ets>, to happen, fr. <ets>t\'c6d</ets> time. See <er>Tide</er>.]</ety> <def>To happen to; to befall; to come to ; <as>as, woe <ex>betide</ex> the wanderer</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What will <b>betide</b> the few ?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Betide</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*tide"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To come to pass; to happen; to occur.</def>

<blockquote>A salve for any sore that may <b>betide</b>.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Shakespeare has used it with <i>of</i>. "What would <i>betide of</i> me ?"</note>

<h1>Betime, Betimes</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw><hw>Be*time"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Be*times"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> (for <ets>by</ets>) +  <ets>time</ets>; that is, by the proper time. The <ets>-s</ets> is an adverbial ending.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In good season or time; before it is late; seasonably; early.</def>

<blockquote>To measure life learn thou <b>betimes</b>.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To rise <b>betimes</b> is often harder than to do all the day's work.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a short time; soon; speedily; forth with.</def>

<blockquote>He tires <b>betimes</b> that spurs too fast betimes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Betitle</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*ti"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with a title or titles; to entitle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Betoken</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*to"ken</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Betokened</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Betokening</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To signify by some visible object; to show by signs or tokens.</def>

<blockquote>A dewy cloud, and in the cloud a bow . . .
<b>Betokening</b> peace from God, and covenant new.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To foreshow by present signs; to indicate something future by that which is seen or known; <as>as, a dark cloud often <ex>betokens</ex> a storm</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To presage; portend; indicate; mark; note.</syn>

<h1>B\'82ton</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>B\'82`ton"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82ton</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bitumen</ets> bitumen.]</ety> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>The French name for concrete; hence, concrete made after the French fashion.</def>

<h1>Betongue</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*tongue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To attack with the tongue; to abuse; to insult.</def>

<h1>Betony</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Bet"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Betonies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>betony</ets>, <ets>betany</ets>, F. <ets>betoine</ets>, fr. L. <ets>betonica</ets>, <ets>vettonica</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Betonica</spn> (Linn.).</def>

<note>&hand; The purple or wood betony (<spn>B. officinalis</spn>, Linn.) is common in Europe, being formerly used in medicine, and (according to Loudon) in dyeing wool a yellow color.</note>

<h1>Betook</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*took"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Betake</er>.</def>

<h1>Betorn</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*torn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Torn in pieces; tattered.</def>

<h1>Betoss</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*toss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Betossed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To put in violent motion; to agitate; to disturb; to toss.</def> "My <i>betossed</i> soul."

<i> Shak.</i>

<h1>Betrap</h1>
<Xpage=140>

<hw>Be*trap"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Betrapped</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw into, or catch in, a trap; to insnare; to circumvent.</def>

<i>Gower.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put trappings on; to clothe; to deck.</def>

<blockquote>After them followed two other chariots covered with red satin, and the horses <b>betrapped</b> with the same.
<i>Stow.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="141">
Page 141<p>

<h1>Betray</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*tray"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Betrayed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Betraying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>betraien</ets>, <ets>bitraien</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + OF. <ets>tra\'8br</ets> to bertray, F. <ets>trahir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>tradere</ets>. See <er>Traitor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deliver into the hands of an enemy by treachery or fraud, in violation of trust; to give up treacherously or faithlessly; <as>as, an officer <ex>betrayed</ex> the city</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Jesus said unto them, The Son of man shall be <b>betrayed</b> into the hands of men.
<i>Matt. xvii. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prove faithless or treacherous to, as to a trust or one who trusts; to be false to; to deceive; <as>as, to <ex>betray</ex> a person or a cause</as>.</def>

<blockquote>But when I rise, I shall find my legs <b>betraying</b> me.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To violate the confidence of, by disclosing a secret, or that which one is bound in honor not to make known.</def>

<blockquote>Willing to serve or <b>betray</b> any government for hire.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To disclose or discover, as something which prudence would conceal; to reveal unintentionally.</def>

<blockquote>Be swift to hear, but cautious of your tongue, lest you <b>betray</b> your ignorance.
<i>T. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To mislead; to expose to inconvenience not foreseen to lead into error or sin.</def>

<blockquote>Genius . . . often <b>betrays</b> itself into great errors.
<i>T. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To lead astray, as a maiden; to seduce (as under promise of marriage) and then abandon.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To show or to indicate; -- said of what is not obvious at first, or would otherwise be concealed.</def>

<blockquote>All the names in the country <b>betray</b> great antiquity.
<i>Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Betrayal</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*tray"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or the result of betraying.</def>

<h1>Betrayer</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*tray"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, betrays.</def>

<h1>Betrayment</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*tray"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Betrayal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Betrim</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*trim"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Betrimmed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Betrimming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To set in order; to adorn; to deck, to embellish; to trim.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Betroth</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*troth"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Betrothed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Betrothing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>troth</ets>, i. e., <ets>truth</ets>. See <er>Truth</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To contract to any one for a marriage; to engage or promise in order to marriage; to affiance; -- used esp. of a woman.</def>

<blockquote>He, in the first flower of my freshest age,
<b>Betrothed</b> me unto the only heir.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ay, and we are <b>betrothed</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To promise to take (as a future spouse); to plight one's troth to.</def>

<blockquote>What man is there that hath <b>betrothed</b> a wife, and hath not taken her?
<i>Deut. xx. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To nominate to a bishopric, in order to consecration.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Betrothal</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*troth"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of betrothing, or the fact of being betrothed; a mutual promise, engagement, or contract for a future marriage between the persons betrothed; betrothment; affiance.</def> "The feast of <i>betrothal</i>."

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Betrothment</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*troth"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of betrothing, or the state of being betrothed; betrothal.</def>

<h1>Betrust</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*trust"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To trust or intrust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Betrustment</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*trust"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of intrusting, or the thing intrusted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chipman.</i>

<h1>Betso</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>bezzo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small brass Venetian coin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Better</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>; <i>compar</i>. of Good. <ety>[OE. <ets>betere</ets>, <ets>bettre</ets>, and as adv. <ets>bet</ets>, AS. <ets>betera</ets>, adj., and <ets>bet</ets>, adv.; akin to Icel. <ets>betri</ets>, adj., <ets>betr</ets>, adv., Goth. <ets>batiza</ets>, adj., OHG. <ets>bezziro</ets>, adj., <ets>baz</ets>, adv., G. <ets>besser</ets>, adj. and adv., <ets>bass</ets>, adv., E. <ets>boot</ets>, and prob. to Skr. <ets>bhadra</ets> excellent. See <er>Boot</er> advantage, and cf. <er>Best</er>, <er>Batful</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having good qualities in a greater degree than another; <as>as, a <ex>better</ex> man; a <ex>better</ex> physician; a <ex>better</ex> house; a <ex>better</ex> air.</as></def>

<blockquote>Could make the worse appear
The <b>better</b> reason.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Preferable in regard to rank, value, use, fitness, acceptableness, safety, or in any other respect.</def>

<blockquote>To obey is <b>better</b> than sacrifice.
<i>1 Sam. xv. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is <b>better</b> to trust in the Lord than to put confidence in princes.
<i>Ps. cxviii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Greater in amount; larger; more.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Improved in health; less affected with disease; <as>as, the patient is <ex>better</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>More advanced; more perfect; <as>as, upon <ex>better</ex> acquaintance; a <ex>better</ex> knowledge of the subject.</as></def>

<cs><col>All the better</col>. <cd>See under <er>All</er>, <tt>adv.</tt></cd> -- <col>Better half</col>, <cd>an expression used to designate one's wife.</cd>

<blockquote>My dear, my <b>better</b> half (said he),
I find I must now leave thee.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

 -- <col>To be better off</col>, <cd>to be in a better condition.</cd> -- <col>Had better</col>. <cd>(See under <er>Had</er>).</cd> <note>The phrase <i>had better</i>, followed by an infinitive without <i>to</i>, is idiomatic. The earliest form of construction was "were better" with a dative; as, "<i>Him were better</i> go beside." (<i>Gower</i>.) <it>i. e.</it>, It would be better for him, etc. At length the nominative (I, he, they, etc.) supplanted the dative and <i>had</i> took the place of <i>were</i>. Thus we have the construction now used.</note>

<blockquote>By all that's holy, he <b>had better</b> starve
Than but once think this place becomes thee not.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
</cs>

<h1>Better</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Advantage, superiority, or victory; -- usually with of; <as>as, to get the <ex>better</ex> of an enemy</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who has a claim to precedence; a superior, as in merit, social standing, etc.; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>Their <b>betters</b> would hardly be found.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>For the better</col>, <cd>in the way of improvement; so as to produce improvement. "If I have altered him anywhere <i>for the better<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Better</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"ter</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt>; <tt>compar.</tt> of <er>Well</er>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a superior or more excellent manner; with more skill and wisdom, courage, virtue, advantage, or success; <as>as, Henry writes <ex>better</ex> than John; veterans fight <ex>better</ex> than recruits.</as></def>

<blockquote>I could have <b>better</b> spared a better man.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>More correctly or thoroughly.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>better</b> to understand the extent of our knowledge.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In a higher or greater degree; more; <as>as, to love one <ex>better</ex> than another</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Never was monarch <b>better</b> feared, and loved.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>More, in reference to value, distance, time, etc.; <as>as, ten miles and <ex>better</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>To think better of</col> (any one), <cd>to have a more favorable opinion of any one.</cd> -- <col>To think better of</col> (an opinion, resolution, etc.), <cd>to reconsider and alter one's decision.</cd></cs>

<h1>Better</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bettered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bettering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>beterian</ets>, <ets>betrian</ets>, fr. <ets>betera</ets> better. See <er>Better</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To improve or ameliorate; to increase the good qualities of.</def>

<blockquote>Love <b>betters</b> what is best.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He thought to <b>better</b> his circumstances.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To improve the condition of, morally, physically, financially, socially, or otherwise.</def>

<blockquote>The constant effort of every man to <b>better</b> himself.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To surpass in excellence; to exceed; to excel.</def>

<blockquote>The works of nature do always aim at that which can not be <b>bettered</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give advantage to; to support; to advance the interest of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Weapons more violent, when next we meet,
May serve to <b>better</b> us and worse our foes.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To improve; meliorate; ameliorate; mend; amend; correct; emend; reform; advance; promote.</syn>

<h1>Better</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become better; to improve.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Better</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bets or lays a wager.</def>

<h1>Betterment</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"ter*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A making better; amendment; improvement.</def>

<i> W. Montagu.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An improvement of an estate which renders it better than mere repairing would do; -- generally used in the plural.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Bettermost</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"ter*most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Best.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>bettermost</i> classes."

<i>Brougham.</i>

<h1>Betterness</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"ter*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being better or superior; superiority.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The difference by which fine gold or silver exceeds in fineness the standard.</def>

<h1>Bettong</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"tong</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, leaping Australian marsupial of the genus <i>Bettongia</i>; the jerboa kangaroo.</def>

<h1>Bettor</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bets; a better.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Betty</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <ety>[Supposed to be a cant word, from <ets>Betty</ets>, for <ets>Elizabeth</ets>, as such an instrument is also called <ets>Bess</ets> (i. e., <ets>Elizabeth</ets>) in the Canting Dictionary of 1725, and <ets>Jenny</ets> (i. e., <ets>Jane</ets>).]</ety> <def>A short bar used by thieves to wrench doors open.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bettee</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>The powerful <b>betty</b>, or the artful picklock.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[<ets>Betty</ets>, nickname for Elizabeth.]</ety> <def>A name of contempt given to a man who interferes with the duties of women in a household, or who occupies himself with womanish matters.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pear-shaped bottle covered round with straw, in which olive oil is sometimes brought from Italy; -- called by chemists a <i>Florence flask</i>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Betulin</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bet"u*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>betula</ets> birch tree.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance of a resinous nature, obtained from the outer bark of the common European birch (<spn>Betula alba</spn>), or from the tar prepared therefrom; -- called also <altname>birch camphor</altname>.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Betumble</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*tum"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Betumbled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To throw into disorder; to tumble.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>From her <b>betumbled</b> couch she starteth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Betutor</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*tu"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Betutored</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To tutor; to instruct.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Between</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*tween"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bytwene</ets>, <ets>bitweonen</ets>, AS. <ets>betwe\'a2nan</ets>, <ets>betwe\'a2num</ets>; prefix <ets>be-</ets> by + a form fr. AS. <ets>tw\'be</ets> two, akin to Goth. <ets>tweihnai</ets> two apiece. See <er>Twain</er>, and cf. <er>Atween</er>, <er>Betwixt</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the space which separates; betwixt; <as>as, New York is <ex>between</ex> Boston and Philadelphia</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Used in expressing motion from one body or place to another; from one to another of two.</def>

<blockquote>If things should go so <b>between</b> them.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Belonging in common to two; shared by both.</def>

<blockquote>Castor and Pollux with only one soul <b>between</b> them.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Belonging to, or participated in by, two, and involving reciprocal action or affecting their mutual relation; <as>as, opposition <ex>between</ex> science and religion</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An intestine struggle, open or secret, <b>between</b> authority and liberty.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>With relation to two, as involved in an act or attribute of which another is the agent or subject; <as>as, to judge <ex>between</ex> or to choose <ex>between</ex> courses; to distinguish <ex>between</ex> you and me; to mediate <ex>between</ex> nations.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>In intermediate relation to, in respect to time, quantity, or degree; <as>as, <ex>between</ex> nine and ten o'clock</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Between decks</col>, <cd>the space, or in the space, between the decks of a vessel.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Between ourselves</col>, <col>Between you and me</col>, <col>Between themselves</col></mcol>, <cd>in confidence; with the understanding that the matter is not to be communicated to others.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Between</er>, <er>Among</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Between</i> etymologically indicates only two; as, a quarrel <i>between</i> two men or two nations; to be <i>between</i> two fires, etc. It is however extended to more than two in expressing a certain relation.

<blockquote>I . . . hope that <b>between</b> public business, improving studies, and domestic pleasures, neither melancholy nor caprice will find any place for entrance.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

  <i>Among</i> implies a mass or collection of things or persons, and always supposes more than two; as, the prize money was equally divided <i>among</i> the ship's crew.
</usage>

<h1>Between</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*tween"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Intermediate time or space; interval.</def> <mark>[Poetic & R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Betwixt</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*twixt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>betwix</ets>, <ets>bitwix</ets>, rarely <ets>bitwixt</ets>, AS. <ets>betweox</ets>, <ets>betweohs</ets>, <ets>betweoh</ets>, <ets>betw\'c6h</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> by + a form fr. AS. <ets>tw\'be</ets> two. See <er>Between</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In the space which separates; between.</def>

<blockquote>From <b>betwixt</b> two aged oaks.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>From one to another of; mutually affecting.</def>

<blockquote>There was some speech of marriage
<b>Betwixt</b> myself and her.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Betwixt and between</col>, <cd>in a midway position; so-so; neither one thing nor the other.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Beurr\'82</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Beur*r\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>beurre</ets> butter.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A beurr\'82 (or buttery) pear, one with the me<?/<?/ soft and melting; -- used with a distinguishing word; <as>as, <ex>Beurr\'82</ex> d'Anjou; <i>Beurr\'82</i> Clairgeau.</as></def>

<h1>Bevel</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bev"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[C. F. <ets>biveau</ets>, earlier <ets>buveau</ets>, Sp. <ets>baivel</ets>; of unknown origin. Cf. <er>Bevile</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any angle other than a right angle; the angle which one surface makes with another when they are not at right angles; the slant or inclination of such surface; <as>as, to give a <ex>bevel</ex> to the edge of a table or a stone slab; the <ex>bevel</ex> of a piece of timber.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument consisting of two rules or arms, jointed together at one end, and opening to any angle, for adjusting the surfaces of work to the same or a given inclination; -- called also a <altname>bevel square</altname>.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Bevel</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bev"el</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the slant of a bevel; slanting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Morally distorted; not upright.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>I may be straight, though they themselves be <b>bevel</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>A bevel angle</col>, <cd>any angle other than one of 90&deg;.</cd> -- <col>Bevel wheel</col>, <cd>a cogwheel whose working face is oblique to the axis.</cd>

<i>Knight.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Bevel</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bev"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Beveled</er> (<?/) or <er>Bevelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beveling</er> or <er>Bevelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cut to a bevel angle; to slope the edge or surface of.</def>

<h1>Bevel</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bev"el</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To deviate or incline from an angle of 90<?/, as a surface; to slant.</def>

<blockquote>Their houses are very ill built, the walls <b>bevel</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beveled, Bevelled</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw><hw>Bev"eled</hw>, <hw>Bev"elled</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Formed to a bevel angle; sloping; <as>as, the <ex>beveled</ex> edge of a table</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> Replaced by two planes inclining equally upon the adjacent planes, as an edge; having its edges replaces by sloping planes, as a cube or other solid.</def>

<h1>Bevel gear</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bev"el gear`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A kind of gear in which the two wheels working together lie in different planes, and have their teeth cut at right angles to the surfaces of two cones whose apices coincide with the point where the axes of the wheels would meet.</def>

<h1>Bevelment</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bev"el*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The replacement of an edge by two similar planes, equally inclined to the including faces or adjacent planes.</def>

<h1>Bever</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bever</ets> a drink, drinking time, OF. <ets>beivre</ets>, <ets>boivre</ets>, to drink, fr. L. <ets>bibere</ets>.]</ety> <def>A light repast between meals; a lunch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Bever</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be"ver</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bevered</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <def>To take a light repast between meals.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Beverage</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bev"er*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bevrage</ets>, F. <ets>breuvage</ets>, fr. <ets>beivre</ets> to drink, fr. L. <ets>bibere</ets>. Cf. <er>Bib</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Poison</er>, <er>Potable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Liquid for drinking; drink; -- usually applied to drink artificially prepared and of an agreeable flavor; <as>as, an intoxicating <ex>beverage</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>He knew no <b>beverage</b> but the flowing stream.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, a name applied to various kinds of drink.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A treat, or drink money.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Bevile</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bev"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bevel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A chief broken or opening like a carpenter's bevel.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Beviled, Bevilled</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw><hw>Bev"iled</hw>, <hw>Bev"illed</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Notched with an angle like that inclosed by a carpenter's bevel; -- said of a partition line of a shield.</def>

<h1>Bevy</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Bev"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bevies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Perhaps orig. a drinking company, fr. OF. <ets>bev\'82e</ets> (cf. It. <ets>beva</ets>) a drink, beverage; then, perh., a company in general, esp. of ladies; and last applied by sportsmen to larks, quails, etc. See <er>Beverage</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A company; an assembly or collection of persons, especially of ladies.</def>

<blockquote>What a <b>bevy</b> of beaten slaves have we here !
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A flock of birds, especially quails or larks; also, a herd of roes.</def>

<h1>Bewail</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*wail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bewailed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bewailing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To express deep sorrow for, as by wailing; to lament; to wail over.</def>

<blockquote>Hath widowed and unchilded many a one,
Which to this hour <b>bewail</b> the injury.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To bemoan; grieve. -- See <er>Deplore</er>.</syn>

<h1>Bewail</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*wail"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To express grief; to lament.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bewailable</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*wail"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as may, or ought to, be bewailed; lamentable.</def>

<h1>Bewailer</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*wail"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bewails or laments.</def>

<h1>Bewailing</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*wail"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wailing over; lamenting.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*wail"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bewailment</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*wail"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of bewailing.</def>

<h1>Bewake</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*wake"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To keep watch over; to keep awake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Beware</h1>
<Xpage=141>

<hw>Be*ware"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Be</ets>, imperative of verb to be + <ets>ware</ets>. See <er>Ware</er>, <er>Wary</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be on one's guard; to be cautious; to take care; -- commonly followed by <i>of</i> or <i>lest</i> before the thing that is to be avoided.</def>

<blockquote><b>Beware</b> of all, but most <b>beware</b> of man !
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Beware</b> the awful avalanche.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have a special regard; to heed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Behold, I send an Angel before thee. . . . <b>Beware</b> of him, and obey his voice.
<i>Ex. xxiii. 20, 21.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word is a compound from <i>be</i> and the Old English <i>ware</i>, now <i>wary</i>, which is an adjective.  "<i>Be</i> ye <i>war</i> of false prophetis." <i>Wyclif, Matt. vii. 15</i>.  It is used commonly in the imperative and infinitive modes, and with such auxiliaries (<i>shall</i>, <i>should</i>, <i>must</i>, etc.) as go with the infinitive.</note>

<hr>
<page="142">
Page 142<p>

<h1>Beware</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*ware"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To avoid; to take care of; to have a care for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "Priest, <i>beware</i> your beard."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>To wish them <b>beware</b> the son.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bewash</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wash"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To drench or souse with water.</def>  "Let the maids <i>bewash</i> the men."

<i>Herrick.</i>

<h1>Beweep</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*weep"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bewept</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Beweeping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>bew<?/pan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>weep</ets>.]</ety> <def>To weep over; to deplore; to bedew with tears.</def> "His timeless death <i>beweeping</i>."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Beweep</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*weep"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To weep.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bewet</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bewet</er>, <er>Bewetted</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To wet or moisten.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Bewhore</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*whore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To corrupt with regard to chastity; to make a whore of.</def>

<i>J. Fletcher.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pronounce or characterize as a whore.</def>

<i> Shak.</i>

<h1>Bewig</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wig"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bewigged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover (the head) with a wig.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Bewilder</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wil"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bewildered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bewildering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>wilder</ets>.]</ety> <def>To lead into perplexity or confusion, as for want of a plain path; to perplex with mazes; or in general, to perplex or confuse greatly.</def>

<blockquote>Lost and <b>bewildered</b> in the fruitless search.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To perplex; puzzle; entangle; confuse; confound; mystify; embarrass; lead astray.</syn>

<h1>Bewildered</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wil"dered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Greatly perplexed; <as>as, a <ex>bewildered</ex> mind</as>.</def>

<h1>Bewilderedness</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wil"dered*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being bewildered; bewilderment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Bewildering</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wil"der*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing bewilderment or great perplexity; <as>as, <ex>bewildering</ex> difficulties</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*wil"der*ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bewilderment</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wil"der*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being bewildered.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bewildering tangle or confusion.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . soon lost all traces of it amid <b>bewilderment</b> of tree trunks and underbrush.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bewinter</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*win"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make wintry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bewit</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bew"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>buie</ets> bond, chain, fr. L. <ets>boja</ets> neck collar, fetter. Cf. <er>Buoy</er>.]</ety> <def>A double slip of leather by which bells are fastened to a hawk's legs.</def>

<h1>Bewitch</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*witch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bewitched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bewitching</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To gain an ascendency over by charms or incantations; to affect (esp. to injure) by witchcraft or sorcery.</def>

<blockquote>See how I am <b>bewitched</b>; behold, mine arm
Is like a blasted sapling withered up.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To charm; to fascinate; to please to such a degree as to take away the power of resistance; to enchant.</def>

<blockquote>The charms of poetry our souls <b>bewitch</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To enchant; captivate; charm; entrance.</syn>

<h1>Bewitchedness</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*witch"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being bewitched.</def>

<i>Gauden.</i>

<h1>Bewitcher</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*witch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bewitches.</def>

<h1>Bewitchery</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*witch"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The power of bewitching or fascinating; bewitchment; charm; fascination.</def>

<blockquote>There is a certain <b>bewitchery</b> or fascination in words.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bewitching</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*witch"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power to bewitch or fascinate; enchanting; captivating; charming.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*witch"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- Be*witch"ing*ness, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bewitchment</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*witch"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of bewitching, or the state of being bewitched.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The power of bewitching or charming.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bewonder</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*won"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bewondered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fill with wonder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wonder at; to admire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bewrap</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wrap"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bewrapped</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To wrap up; to cover.</def>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Bewray</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wray"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To soil. See <er>Beray</er>.</def>

<h1>Bewray</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wray"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bewrayed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bewraying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bewraien</ets>, <ets>biwreyen</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + AS. <ets>wr<?/gan</ets> to accuse, betray; akin to OS. <ets>wr<?/gian</ets>, OHG. <ets>ruog<?/n</ets>, G. <ets>r\'81gen</ets>, Icel. <ets>r\'91gja</ets>, Goth. <ets>wr<?/hjan</ets> to accuse.]</ety> <def>To expose; to reveal; to disclose; to betray.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The murder being once done, he is in less fear, and in more hope that the deed shall not be <b>bewrayed</b> or known.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia. )</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thy speech <b>bewrayeth</b> thee.
<i>Matt. xxvi. 73.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bewrayer</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wray"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, bewrays; a revealer.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Bewrayment</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wray"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Betrayal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Bewreck</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wreck"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To wreck.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bewreke</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wreke"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>wreak</ets>.]</ety> <def>To wreak; to avenge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ld. Berners.</i>

<h1>Bewrought</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*wrought"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>wrought</ets>, p. p. of <ets>work</ets>, v. t. ]</ety> <def>Embroidered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Bey</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Beg</er> a bey.]</ety> <def>A governor of a province or district in the Turkish dominions; also, in some places, a prince or nobleman; a beg; <as>as, the <ex>bey</ex> of Tunis</as>.</def>

<h1>Beylic</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bey"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk.]</ety> <def>The territory ruled by a bey.</def>

<h1>Beyond</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*yond"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>biyonde</ets>, <ets>bi<?/eonde</ets>, AS. <ets>begeondan</ets>, prep. and adv.; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>geond</ets> yond, yonder. See <er>Yon</er>, <er>Yonder</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On the further side of; in the same direction as, and further on or away than.</def>

<blockquote><b>Beyond</b> that flaming hill.
<i>G. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>At a place or time not yet reached; before.</def>

<blockquote>A thing <b>beyond</b> us, even before our death.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Past, out of the reach or sphere of; further than; greater than; <as>as, the patient was <ex>beyond</ex> medical aid; <ex>beyond</ex> one's strength.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In a degree or amount exceeding or surpassing; proceeding to a greater degree than; above, as in dignity, excellence, or quality of any kind.</def> "<i>Beyond</i> expectation."

<i>Barrow.</i>

<blockquote><b>Beyond</b> any of the great men of my country.
<i> Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Beyond sea</col>. <cd><fld>(Law)</fld> See under <er>Sea</er>.</cd> -- <col>To go beyond</col>, <cd>to exceed in ingenuity, in research, or in anything else; hence, in a bed sense, to deceive or circumvent.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>That no man go <b>beyond</b> and defraud his brother in any matter.
<i>1 Thess. iv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Beyond</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*yond"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Further away; at a distance; yonder.</def>

<blockquote>Lo, where <b>beyond</b> he lyeth languishing.
<i> Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bezant</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*zant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Byzant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A gold coin of Byzantium or Constantinople, varying in weight and value, usually (those current in England) between a sovereign and a half sovereign. There were also white or silver bezants.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>besant</asp>, <asp>byzant</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A circle in or, i. e., gold, representing the gold coin called <i>bezant</i>.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A decoration of a flat surface, as of a band or belt, representing circular disks lapping one upon another.</def>

<h1>Bez-antler</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bez`-ant"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice (OF. <ets>bes</ets>) + E. <ets>antler</ets>.]</ety> <def>The second branch of a stag's horn.</def>

<h1>Bezel</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bez"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From an old form of F. <ets>biseau</ets> sloping edge, prob. fr. L. <ets>bis</ets> double. See <er>Bi-</er>.]</ety> <def>The rim which encompasses and fastens a jewel or other object, as the crystal of a watch, in the cavity in which it is set.</def>

<h1>B\'82zique</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>B\'82*zique"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82sigue</ets>.]</ety> <def>A game at cards in which various combinations of cards in the hand, when declared, score points.</def>

<h1>Bezoar</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be"zoar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82zoard</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>b\'bezahr</ets>, <ets>b\'bedizahr</ets>, fr. Per. <ets>p\'bed-zahr</ets> bezoar; <ets>p\'bed</ets> protecting + <ets>zahr</ets> poison; cf. Pg. & Sp. <ets>bezoar</ets>.]</ety> <def>A calculous concretion found in the intestines of certain ruminant animals (as the wild goat, the gazelle, and the Peruvian llama) formerly regarded as an unfailing antidote for poison, and a certain remedy for eruptive, pestilential, or putrid diseases. Hence: Any antidote or panacea.</def>

<note>&hand; Two kinds were particularly esteemed, the <i>Bezoar orientale</i> of India, and the <i>Bezoar occidentale</i> of Peru.</note>

<cs><col>Bezoar antelope</col>. <cd>See <er>Antelope</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bezoar goat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the wild goat (<spn>Capra \'91gagrus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Bezoar mineral</col>, <cd>an old preparation of oxide of antimony.</cd></cs>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Bezoardic</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bez`o*ar"dic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>b\'82zoardique</ets>, <ets>b\'82zoartique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or compounded with, bezoar.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A medicine containing bezoar.</def></def2>

<h1>Bezoartic, Bezoartical</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw><hw>Bez`o*ar"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bez`o*ar"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bezoardic</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the qualities of an antidote, or of bezoar; healing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bezonian</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*zo"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>besoin</ets> need, want, It <ets>bisogno</ets>.]</ety> <def>A low fellow or scoundrel; a beggar.</def>

<blockquote>Great men oft die by vile <b>bezonians</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bezzle</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bez"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bezzled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bezzling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>besillier</ets>, <ets>besiler</ets>, to maltreat, pillage; or shortened fr. <ets>embezzle</ets>. Cf. <er>Embezzle</er>.]</ety> <def>To plunder; to waste in riot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bezzle</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bez"zle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To drink to excess; to revel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bhang</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bhang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>bang</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>bhang\'be</ets> hemp.]</ety> <def>An astringent and narcotic drug made from the dried leaves and seed capsules of wild hemp (<spn>Cannabis Indica</spn>), and chewed or smoked in the East as a means of intoxication. See <er>Hasheesh</er>.</def>

<h1>Bhunder</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bhun"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Indian monkey (<spn>Macacus Rhesus</spn>), protected by the Hindoos as sacred. See <er>Rhesus</er>.</def>

<h1>Bi</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi*</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice, which in composition drops the -s, akin to E. <ets>two</ets>. See <er>Bis-</er>, <er>Two</er>, and cf. <er>Di-</er>, <er>Dis-</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In most branches of science <i>bi-</i> in composition denotes two, twice, or doubly; <as>as, <ex>bi</ex>dentate, two-toothed; <ex>bi</ex>ternate, doubly ternate, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>In the composition of chemical names <i>bi-</i> denotes two atoms, parts, or equivalents of that constituent to the name of which it is prefixed, to one of the other component, or that such constituent is present in double the ordinary proportion; <as>as, <ex>bi</ex>chromate, <ex>bi</ex>sulphide</as>. <i>Be-</i> and <i>di-</i> are often used interchangeably.</def>

<h1>Biacid</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi*ac"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>acid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having two hydrogen atoms which can be replaced by negative atoms or radicals to form salts; -- said of bases. See <er>Diacid</er>.</def>

<h1>Biacuminate</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi`a*cu"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>acuminate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having points in two directions.</def>

<h1>Beangular</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Be*an"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>angular</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two angles or corners.</def>

<h1>Biangulate, Biangulated</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw><hw>Bi*an"gu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*an"gu*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>angulate</ets>, <ets>angulated</ets>.]</ety> <def>Biangular.</def>

<h1>Biangulous</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi*an"gu*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>angulous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Biangular.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Biantheriferous</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi*an`ther*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>antherigerous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two anthers.</def>

<h1>Biarticulate</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi`ar*tic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>articulate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having, or consisting of, tow joints.</def>

<h1>Bias</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi"as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Biases</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>biasis</ets>, perh. fr. LL. <ets>bifax</ets> two-faced; L. <ets>bis</ets> + <ets>facies</ets> face. See <er>Bi-</er>, and cf. <er>Face</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A weight on the side of the ball used in the game of bowls, or a tendency imparted to the ball, which turns it from a straight line.</def>

<blockquote>Being ignorant that there is a concealed <b>bias</b> within the spheroid, which will . . . swerve away.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A learning of the mind; propensity or prepossession toward an object or view, not leaving the mind indifferent; bent inclination.</def>

<blockquote>Strong love is a <b>bias</b> upon the thoughts.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Morality influences men's lives, and gives a <b>bias</b> to all their actions.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A wedge-shaped piece of cloth taken out of a garment (as the waist of a dress) to diminish its circumference.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A slant; a diagonal; <as>as, to cut cloth on the bias</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Prepossession; prejudice; partiality; inclination. See <er>Bent</er>.</syn>

<h1>Bias</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi"as</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclined to one side; swelled on one side.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cut slanting or diagonally, as cloth.</def>

<h1>Bias</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi"as</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a slanting manner; crosswise; obliquely; diagonally; <as>as, to cut cloth <ex>bias</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Bias</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi"as</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Biased</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Biasing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To incline to one side; to give a particular direction to; to influence; to prejudice; to prepossess.</def>

<blockquote>Me it had not <b>biased</b> in the one direction, nor should it have <b>biased</b> any just critic in the counter direction.
<i>De. Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Biauriculate</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi`au*ric"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>au riculate</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having two auricles, as the heart of mammals, birds, and reptiles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two earlike projections at its base, as a leaf.</def>

<h1>Biaxal, Biaxial</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw><hw>Bi*ax"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*ax"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>axal</ets>, <ets>axial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Having two axes; <as>as, <ex>biaxial</ex> polarization</as>.</def> <i>Brewster</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Bi*ax"i*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bib</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bib</er>, v., because the <ets>bib</ets> receives the drink that the child slavers from the mouth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small piece of cloth worn by children over the breast, to protect the clothes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An arctic fish (<spn>Gadus luscus</spn>), allied to the cod; -- called also <altname>pout</altname> and <altname>whiting pout</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A bibcock.</def>

<h1>Bib, Bibbe</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw><hw>Bib</hw>, <hw>Bibbe</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bibere</ets>. See <er>Beverage</er>, and cf. <er>Imbibe</er>.]</ety> <def>To drink; to tipple.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This miller hath . . . <b>bibbed</b> ale.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bib</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To drink; to sip; to tipple.</def>

<blockquote>He was constantly <b>bibbing</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bibacious</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi*ba"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bibax</ets>, <ets>bibacis</ets>, fr. <ets>bibere</ets>. See <er>Bib</er>.]</ety> <def>Addicted to drinking.</def>

<h1>Bibacity</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi*bac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice or habit of drinking too much; tippling.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Bibasic</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi*ba"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>basic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having to hydrogen atoms which can be replaced by positive or basic atoms or radicals to form salts; -- said of acids. See <er>Dibasic</er>.</def>

<h1>Bibb</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bibb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bibcock. See <er>Bib</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Bibber</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One given to drinking alcoholic beverages too freely; a tippler; -- chiefly used in composition; <as>as, wine<ex>bibber</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Bibble-babble</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"ble-bab"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A reduplication of <ets>babble</ets>.]</ety> <def>Idle talk; babble.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bibbs</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bibbs</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Pieces of timber bolted to certain parts of a mast tp support the trestletrees.</def>

<h1>Bibcock</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"cock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cock or faucet having a bent down nozzle.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Bibirine</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi*bi"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bebeerine</er>.</def>

<h1>Bibitory</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to drinking or tippling.</def>

<h1>Bible</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bi"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bible</ets>, L. <ets>biblia</ets>, pl., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, pl. of <ets><?/</ets>, dim. of <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, book, prop. Egyptian papyrus.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A book.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def><er>The Book</er> by way of eminence, -- that is, the book which is made up of the writings accepted by Christians as of divine origin and authority, whether such writings be in the original language, or translated; the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments; -- sometimes in a restricted sense, the Old Testament; <as>as, King James's <ex>Bible</ex>; Douay <ex>Bible</ex>; Luther's <ex>Bible</ex>. Also, the book which is made up of writings similarly accepted by the Jews; <as>as, a rabbinical <ex>Bible</ex></as>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A book containing the sacred writings belonging to any religion; <as>as, the Koran is often called the Mohammedan <ex>Bible</ex></as>.</def>

<-- 4. (<mark>Fig.</mark>) <def>A book with an authoritative exposition of some topic, respected by many experts on the field.</def> -->

<cs><col>Bible Society</col>, <cd>an association for securing the multiplication and wide distribution of the Bible.</cd> -- <col>Douay Bible</col>. <cd>See <er>Douay Bible</er>.</cd> -- <col>Geneva Bible</col>. <cd>See under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bibler</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bib</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A great drinker; a tippler.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bibbler</asp> and <asp>bibbeler</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Biblical</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"li*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the Bible; <as>as, <ex>biblical</ex> learning; <ex>biblical</ex> authority.</as></def>

<h1>Biblicality</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib`li*cal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being biblical; a biblical subject.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Biblically</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"li*cal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to the Bible.</def>

<h1>Biblicism</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"li*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>biblicisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Learning or literature relating to the Bible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Biblicist</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"li*cist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in the knowledge of the Bible; a demonstrator of religious truth by the Scriptures.</def>

<h1>Bibliograph</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"li*o*graph`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bibliographer.</def>

<h1>Bibliographer</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib`li*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> to write : cf. F. <ets>bibliographe</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who writes, or is versed in, bibliography.</def>

<h1>Bibliographic, Bibliographical</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw><hw>Bib`li*o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bib`li*o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bibliographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to bibliography, or the history of books.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bib`li*o*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bibliography</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib`li*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bibliographies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bibliographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A history or description of books and manuscripts, with notices of the different editions, the times when they were printed, etc.</def>

<h1>Bibliolater, Bibliolatrist</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw><hw>Bib`li*ol"a*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bib`li*ol"a*trist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See. <er>Bibliolatry</er>.]</ety> <def>A worshiper of books; especially, a worshiper of the Bible; a believer in its verbal inspiration.</def>

<i> De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Bibliolatry</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib`li*ol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> service, worship, <ets><?/</ets> to serve.]</ety> <def>Book worship, esp. of the Bible; -- applied by Roman Catholic divine<?/ to the exaltation of the authority of the Bible over that of the pope or the church, and by Protestants to an excessive regard to the letter of the Scriptures.</def>

<i>Coleridge. F. W. Newman.</i>

<h1>Bibliological</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib`li*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to bibliology.</def>

<h1>Bibliology</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib`li*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An account of books; book lore; bibliography.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The literature or doctrine of the Bible.</def>

<h1>Bibliomancy</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib"li*o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bibliomancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of divination, performed by selecting passages of Scripture at hazard, and drawing from them indications concerning future events.</def>

<h1>Bibliomania</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib`li*o*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> madness: cf. F. <ets>bibliomanie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mania for acquiring books.</def>

<h1>Bibliomaniac</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib`li*o*ma"ni*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who has a mania for books.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt>  <def>Relating to a bibliomaniac.</def></def2>

<h1>Bibliomaniacal</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib`li*o*ma*ni"ac*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a passion for books; relating to a bibliomaniac.</def>

<h1>Bibliopegic</h1>
<Xpage=142>

<hw>Bib`li*o*peg"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> to make fast.]</ety> <def>Relating to the binding of books.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hr>
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<h1>Bibliopegist</h1>
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<hw>Bib`li*op"e*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bookbinder.</def>

<h1>Bibliopegistic</h1>
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<hw>Bib`li*op`e*gis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the art of binding books.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dibdin.</i>

<h1>Bibliopegy</h1>
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<hw>Bib`li*op"e*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bibliopegic</er>.]</ety> <def>The art of binding books.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Bibliophile</h1>
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<hw>Bib"li*o*phile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> to love: cf. F. <ets>bibliophile</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lover of books.</def>

<h1>Bibliophilism</h1>
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<hw>Bib`li*oph"i*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Love of books.</def>

<h1>Bibliophilist</h1>
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<hw>Bib`li*oph"i*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lover of books.</def>

<h1>Bibliophobia</h1>
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<hw>Bib`li*o*pho"bi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> to fear.]</ety> <def>A dread of books.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Bibliopole</h1>
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<hw>Bib"li*o*pole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bibliopola</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> to sell: cf. F. <ets>bibliopole</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who sells books.</def>

<h1>Bibliopolic, Bibliopolar</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bib`li*o*pol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bib`li*op"o*lar</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bibliopole</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the sale of books.</def> "<i>Bibliopolic</i> difficulties."

<i> Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Bibliopolism</h1>
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<hw>Bib`li*op"o*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The trade or business of selling books.</def>

<h1>Bibliopolist</h1>
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<hw>Bib`li*op"o*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bibliopole</er>.</def>

<h1>Bibliopolistic</h1>
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<hw>Bib`li*op`o*lis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to bibliopolism.</def>

<i>Dibdin.</i>

<h1>Bibliotaph, Bibliotaphist</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bib"li*o*taph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bib`li*ot"a*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> a burial.]</ety> <def>One who hides away books, as in a tomb.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Bibliothec</h1>
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<hw>Bib"li*o*thec</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A librarian.</def>

<h1>Bibliotheca</h1>
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<hw>Bib`li*o*the"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Bibliotheke</er>.]</ety> <def>A library.</def>

<h1>Bibliothecal</h1>
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<hw>Bib`li*o*the"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bibliothecalis</ets>. See <er>Bibliotheke</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a library.</def>

<i>Byrom.</i>

<h1>Bibliothecary</h1>
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<hw>Bib`li*oth"e*ca*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bibliothecarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>biblioth\'82caire</ets>.]</ety> <def>A librarian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelin.</i>

<h1>Bibliotheke</h1>
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<hw>Bib"li*o*theke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bibliotheca</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> a case, box, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to place: cf. F. <ets>biblioth\'8aque</ets>.]</ety> <def>A library.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Biblist</h1>
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<hw>Bib"list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bibliste</ets>. See <er>Bible</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who makes the Bible the sole rule of faith.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A biblical scholar; a biblicist.</def>

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Bibracteate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*brac"te*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>bracteate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Furnished with, or having, two bracts.</def>

<h1>Bibulous</h1>
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<hw>Bib"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bibulus</ets>, fr. <ets>bibere</ets> to drink. See <er>Bib</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Readily imbibing fluids or moisture; spongy; <as>as, <ex>bibulous</ex> blotting paper</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inclined to drink; addicted to tippling.</def>

<h1>Bibulously</h1>
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<hw>Bib"u*lous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a bibulous manner; with profuse imbibition or absorption.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Bicalcarate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cal"ca*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>calcarate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two spurs, as the wing or leg of a bird.</def>

<h1>Bicallose, Bicallous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*cal"lose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*cal"lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>callose</ets>, <ets>callous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two callosities or hard spots.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Bicameral</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cam"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>camera</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of, or including, two chambers, or legislative branches.</def>

<i>Bentham.</i>

<h1>Bicapsular</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cap"su*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>capsular</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bicapsulaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two capsules; <as>as, a bicapsular pericarp</as>.</def>

<h1>Bicarbonate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*car"bon*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-+ carbonate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A carbonate in which but half the hydrogen of the acid is replaced by a positive element or radical, thus making the proportion of the acid to the positive or basic portion twice what it is in the normal carbonates; an acid carbonate; -- sometimes called <i>supercarbonate</i>.</def>

<h1>Bicarbureted or -retted</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*car"bu*ret`ed</hw> or <hw>-ret`ted</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>carbureted</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Containing two atoms or equivalents of carbon in the molecule.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<h1>Bicarinate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*car"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>carinate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having two keel-like projections, as the upper palea of grasses.</def>

<h1>Bicaudal</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cau"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>caudal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having, or terminating in, two tails.</def>

<h1>Bicaudate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cau"date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>caudate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Two-tailed; bicaudal.</def>

<h1>Bicched</h1>
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<hw>Bic"ched</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Of unknown origin.]</ety> <def>Pecked; pitted; notched.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Bicched bones</col>, <cd>pecked, or notched, bones; dice.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bice, Bise</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bice</hw>, <hw>Bise</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bis</ets>, akin to It. <ets>bigio</ets> light gray, tawny.]</ety> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>A pale blue pigment, prepared from the native blue carbonate of copper, or from smalt; -- called also <altname>blue bice</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Green bice</col> <cd>is prepared from the blue, by adding yellow orpiment, or by grinding down the green carbonate of copper.</cd>

<i>Cooley.</i>  <i>Brande & C.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Bicentenary</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cen"te*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>centenary</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to two hundred, esp. to two hundred years; <as>as, a <ex>bicentenary</ex> celebration</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>The two hundredth anniversary, or its celebration.</def></def2>

<h1>Bicentennial</h1>
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<hw>Bi`cen*ten"ni*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>centennial</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of two hundred years.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Occurring every two hundred years.</def>

<h1>Bicentennial</h1>
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<hw>Bi`cen*ten"ni*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The two hundredth year or anniversary, or its celebration.</def>

<h1>Bicephalous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>cephalous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bic\'82phale</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two heads.</def>

<h1>Biceps</h1>
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<hw>Bi"ceps</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., two-headed; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>caput</ets> head. See <er>Capital</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle having two heads or origins; -- applied particularly to a flexor in the arm, and to another in the thigh.</def>

<h1>Bichir</h1>
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<hw>Bi*chir"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A remarkable ganoid fish (<spn>Polypterus bichir</spn>) found in the Nile and other African rivers. See <er>Brachioganoidei</er>.</def>

<h1>Bichloride</h1>
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<hw>Bi*chlo"ride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>chloride</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound consisting of two atoms of chlorine with one or more atoms of another element; -- called also <altname>dichloride</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Bichloride of mercury</col>, <cd>mercuric chloride; -- sometimes called <altname>corrosive sublimate</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bicho</h1>
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<hw>Bi"cho</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Jigger</er>.</def>

<h1>Bichromate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*chro"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>chromate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt containing two parts of chromic acid to one of the other ingredients; <as>as, potassium <ex>bichromate</ex></as>; -- called also <altname>dichromate</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bichromatize</h1>
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<hw>Bi*chro"ma*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To combine or treat with a bichromate, esp. with bichromate of potassium; <as>as, <ex>bichromatized</ex> gelatine</as>.</def>

<h1>Bicipital</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cip"i*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>biceps</ets>, <ets>bicipitis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bicipital</ets>. See <er>Biceps</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having two heads or origins, as a muscle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to a biceps muscle; <as>as, <ex>bicipital</ex> furrows, the depressions on either side of the biceps of the arm</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Dividing into two parts at one extremity; having two heads or two supports; <as>as, a <ex>bicipital</ex> tree</as>.</def>

<h1>Bicipitous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cip"i*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having two heads; bicipital.</def> "<i>Bicipitous</i> serpents."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Bicker</h1>
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<hw>Bick"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Beaker</er>.]</ety> <def>A small wooden vessel made of staves and hoops, like a tub.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Bicker</h1>
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<hw>Bick"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bickered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bickering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bikeren</ets>, perh. fr. Celtic; cf. W. <ets>bicra</ets> to fight, bicker, <ets>bicre</ets> conflict, skirmish; perh. akin to E. <ets>beak</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To skirmish; to exchange blows; to fight.<tt>def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Two eagles had a conflict, and <b>bickered</b> together.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To contend in petulant altercation; to wrangle.</def>

<blockquote>Petty things about which men cark and <b>bicker</b>.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To move quickly and unsteadily, or with a pattering noise; to quiver; to be tremulous, like flame.</def>

<blockquote>They [streamlets] <b>bickered</b> through the sunny shade.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bicker</h1>
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<hw>Bick"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A skirmish; an encounter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fight with stones between two parties of boys.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A wrangle; also, a noise,, as in angry contention.</def>

<h1>Bickerer</h1>
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<hw>Bick"er*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bickers.</def>

<h1>Bickering</h1>
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<hw>Bick"er*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A skirmishing.</def> "Frays and <i>bickerings</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Altercation; wrangling.</def>

<h1>Bickerment</h1>
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<hw>Bick"er*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Contention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bickern</h1>
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<hw>Bick"ern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bigorne</ets>. See <er>Bicorn</er>.]</ety> <def>An anvil ending in a beak or point (orig. in <i>two</i> beaks); also, the beak or horn itself.</def>

<h1>Bicolligate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*col"li*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>colligatus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Colligate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the anterior toes connected by a basal web.</def>

<h1>Bicolor, Bicolored</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi"col`or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi"col`ored</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bicolor</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>color</ets> color.]</ety> <def>Of two colors.</def>

<h1>Biconcave</h1>
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<hw>Bi*con"cave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>concave</ets>.]</ety> <def>Concave on both sides; <as>as, <ex>biconcave</ex> vertebr\'91</as>.</def>

<h1>Biconjugate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*con"ju*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>conjugate</ets>, a.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Twice paired, as when a petiole forks twice.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Biconvex</h1>
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<hw>Bi*con"vex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>convex</ets>.]</ety> <def>Convex on both sides; <as>as, a <ex>biconvex</ex> lens</as>.</def>

<h1>Bicorn, Bicorned, Bicornous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi"corn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi"corned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*cor"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bicornis</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>cornu</ets> horn: cf. F. <ets>bicorne</ets>. Cf. <er>Bickern</er>.]</ety> <def>Having two horns; two-horned; crescentlike.</def>

<h1>Bicorporal</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cor"po*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>corporal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two bodies.</def>

<h1>Bicorporate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cor"po*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>corporate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Double-bodied, as a lion having one head and two bodies.</def>

<h1>Bicostate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cos"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>costate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two principal ribs running longitudinally, as a leaf.</def>

<h1>Bicrenate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cre"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>crenate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Twice crenated, as in the case of leaves whose crenatures are themselves crenate.</def>

<h1>Bicrescentic</h1>
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<hw>Bi`cres*cen"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>crescent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a double crescent.</def>

<h1>Bicrural</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cru"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>crural</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two legs.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Bicuspid, Bicuspidate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*cus"pid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*cus"pid*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See pref. <er>Bi-</er>, and <er>Cuspidate</er>.]</ety> <def>Having two points or prominences; ending in two points; -- said of teeth, leaves, fruit, etc.</def>

<h1>Bicuspid</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cus"pid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the two double-pointed teeth which intervene between the canines (cuspids) and the molars, on each side of each jaw. See <er>Tooth</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Bicyanide</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cy"a*nide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Dicyanide</er>.</def>

<h1>Bicycle</h1>
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<hw>Bi"cy*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>cycle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A light vehicle having two wheels one behind the other. It has a saddle seat and is propelled by the rider's feet acting on cranks or levers.</def>

<h1>Bicycler</h1>
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<hw>Bi"cy*cler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rides a bicycle.</def>

<h1>Bicyclic</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cyc"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to bicycles.</def>

<h1>Bicycling</h1>
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<hw>Bi"cy*cling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The use of a bicycle; the act or practice of riding a bicycle.</def>

<h1>Bicyclism</h1>
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<hw>Bi"cy*clism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of riding a bicycle.</def>

<h1>Bicyclist</h1>
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<hw>Bi"cy*clist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bicycler.</def>

<h1>Bicycular</h1>
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<hw>Bi*cyc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to bicycling.</def>

<h1>Bid</h1>
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<hw>Bid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Bade</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Bid</er>, <mark>(Obs.)</mark> <er>Bad</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Bidden</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Bid</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bidding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bidden</ets>, prop to ask, beg, AS. <ets>biddan</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>biddian</ets>, Icel. <ets>bi<?/ja</ets>, OHG. <ets>bittan</ets>, G. <ets>bitten</ets>, to pray, ask, request, and E. <ets>bead</ets>, also perh. to Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to persuade, L. <ets>fidere</ets> to trust, E. <ets>faith</ets>, and <ets>bide</ets>. But this word was early confused with OE. <ets>beden</ets>, <ets>beoden</ets>, AS. <ets>be\'a2dan</ets>, to offer, command; akin to Icel. <ets>bj<?/<?/a</ets>, Goth. <ets>biudan</ets> (in comp.), OHG. <ets>biotan</ets> to command, bid, G. <ets>bieten</ets>, D. <ets>bieden</ets>, to offer, also to Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to learn by inquiry, Skr. <ets>budh</ets> to be awake, to heed, present OSlav. <ets>bud<?/ti</ets> to be awake, E. <ets>bode</ets>, <tt>v.</tt> The word now has the form of OE. <ets>bidden</ets> to ask, but the meaning of OE. <ets>beden</ets> to command, except in "to bid beads." &root;30.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make an offer of; to propose. Specifically : To offer to pay ( a certain price, as for a thing put up at auction), or to take (a certain price, as for work to be done under a contract).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To offer in words; to declare, as a wish, a greeting, a threat, or defiance, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>bid</ex> one welcome; to <ex>bid</ex> good morning, farewell, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Neither <b>bid</b> him God speed.
<i> 2. John 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>bids</b> defiance to the gaping crowd.
<i>Granrille.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To proclaim; to declare publicly; to make known.</def> <mark>[Mostly obs.]</mark> "Our banns thrice <i>bid</i> !"

<i>Gay.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To order; to direct; to enjoin; to command.</def>

<blockquote>That Power who <b>bids</b> the ocean ebb and flow.
<i>Pope</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lord, if it be thou, <b>bid</b> me come unto thee.
<i>Matt. xiv. 28</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I was <b>bid</b> to pick up shells.
<i>D. Jerrold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To invite; to call in; to request to come.</def>

<blockquote>As many as ye shall find, <b>bid</b> to the marriage.
<i>Matt. xxii. 9</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To bid beads</col>, <cd>to pray with beads, as the Roman Catholics; to distinguish each bead by a prayer.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>To bid defiance to</col> , <cd>to defy openly; to brave.</cd> -- <col>To bid fair</col>, <cd>to offer a good prospect; to make fair promise; to seem likely.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To offer; proffer; tender; propose; order; command; direct; charge; enjoin.</syn>

<h1>Bid</h1>
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<hw>Bid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Bid</er>.</def>

<h1>Bid</h1>
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<hw>Bid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An offer of a price, especially at auctions; a statement of a sum which one will give for something to be received, or will take for something to be done or furnished; that which is offered.</def>

<h1>Bid</h1>
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<hw>Bid</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bid</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pray.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a bid; to state what one will pay or take.</def>

<h1>Bidale</h1>
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<hw>Bid"ale`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bid</ets> + <ets>ale</ets>.]</ety> <def>An invitation of friends to drink ale at some poor man's house, and there to contribute in charity for his relief.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Biddable</h1>
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<hw>Bid"da*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Obedient; docile.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Bidden</h1>
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<hw>Bid"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Bid</er>.</def>

<h1>Bidder</h1>
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<hw>Bid"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>biddere</ets>. ]</ety> <def>One who bids or offers a price.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Biddery ware</h1>
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<hw>Bid"der*y ware`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From <ets>Beder</ets> or <ets>Bidar</ets> a town in India.]</ety> <def>A kind of metallic ware made in India. The material is a composition of zinc, tin, and lead, in which ornaments of gold and silver are inlaid or damascened.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also bidry, <asp>bidree</asp>, <asp>bedery</asp>, <asp>beder</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bidding</h1>
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<hw>Bid"ding</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Command; order; a proclamation or notifying.</def> "Do thou thy master's <i>bidding</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or process of making bids; an offer; a proposal of a price, as at an auction.</def>

<h1>Bidding prayer</h1>
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<hw>Bid"ding prayer`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The prayer for the souls of benefactors, said before the sermon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Angl. Ch.)</fld> <def>The prayer before the sermon, with petitions for various specified classes of persons.</def>

<h1>Biddy</h1>
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<hw>Bid"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymology uncertain.]</ety> <def>A name used in calling a hen or chicken.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Biddy</h1>
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<hw>Bid"dy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A familiar form of <ets>Bridget</ets>.]</ety> <def>An Irish serving woman or girl.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Bide</h1>
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<hw>Bide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bided</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Biding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>biden</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'c6dan</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>b\'c6tan</ets>, Goth. <ets>beidan</ets>, Icel. <ets>b\'c6<?/<?/</ets>; perh. orig., to wait with trust, and akin to <ets>bid</ets>. See <er>Bid</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Abide</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dwell; to inhabit; to abide; to stay.</def>

<blockquote>All knees to thee shall bow of them that <b>bide</b>
In heaven or earth, or under earth, in hell.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To remain; to continue or be permanent in a place or state; to continue to be.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bide</h1>
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<hw>Bide</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To encounter; to remain firm under (a hardship); to endure; to suffer; to undergo.</def>

<blockquote>Poor naked wretches, wheresoe'er you are,
That <b>bide</b> the pelting of this pitiless storm.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wait for; <as>as, I <ex>bide</ex> my time</as>. See <er>Abide</er>.</def>

<h1>Bident</h1>
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<hw>Bi"dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bidens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, having two prongs; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>dens</ets> a tooth.]</ety> <def>An instrument or weapon with two prongs.</def>

<h1>Bidental</h1>
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<hw>Bi*den"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having two teeth.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Bidentate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*den"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two teeth or two toothlike processes; two-toothed.</def>

<h1>Bidet</h1>
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<hw>Bi*det"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bidet</ets>, perh. fr. Celtic; cr. Gael. <ets>bideach</ets> very little, diminutive, <ets>bidein</ets> a diminutive animal, W. <ets>bidan</ets> a weakly or sorry wretch.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A small horse formerly allowed to each trooper or dragoon for carrying his baggage.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of bath tub for sitting baths; a sitz bath.</def>

<h1>Bidigitate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*dig"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>digitate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two fingers or fingerlike projections.</def>

<h1>Biding</h1>
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<hw>Bid"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Residence; habitation.</def>

<i>Rowe.</i>

<h1>Bield</h1>
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<hw>Bield</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shelter. Same as <er>Beild</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Bield</h1>
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<hw>Bield</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shelter.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Biennial</h1>
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<hw>Bi*en"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>biennalis</ets> and <ets>biennis</ets>, fr. <ets>biennium</ets> a space of two years; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>annus</ets> year. Cf. <er>Annual</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Happening, or taking place, once in two years; <as>as, a <ex>biennial</ex> election</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Continuing for two years, and then perishing, as plants which form roots and leaves the first year, and produce fruit the second.</def>

<h1>Biennial</h1>
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<hw>Bi*en"ni*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something which takes place or appears once in two years; esp. a biennial examination.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant which exists or lasts for two years.</def>

<h1>Biennially</h1>
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<hw>Bi*en"ni*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Once in two years.</def>

<h1>Bier</h1>
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<hw>Bier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>b\'91e</ets>, <ets>beere</ets>, AS. <ets>b<?/r</ets>, <ets>b<?/re</ets>; akin to D. <ets>baar</ets>, OHG. <ets>b\'bera</ets>, G. <ets>bahre</ets>, Icel <ets>barar</ets>, D<?/ <ets>baare</ets>, L. <ets>feretrum</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, from the same <?/<?/ <ets>bear</ets> to produce. See 1st <er>Bear</er>, and cf. <er>Barrow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A handbarrow or portable frame on which a corpse is placed or borne to the grave.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A count of forty threads in the warp or chain of woolen cloth.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<hr>
<page="144">
Page 144<p>

<h1>Bierbalk</h1>
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<hw>Bier"balk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bier</er>, and <er>Balk</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A church road (e. g., a path across fields) for funerals.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Homilies.</i>

<h1>Biestings, Beestings</h1>
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<hw><hw>Biest"ings</hw>, <hw>Beest"ings</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bestynge</ets>, AS. <ets>b<?/sting</ets>, fr. <ets>b<?/st</ets>, <ets>beost</ets>; akin to D. <ets>biest</ets>, OHG. <ets>biost</ets>, G. <ets>biest</ets>; of unknown origin.]</ety> <def>The first milk given by a cow after calving.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<blockquote>The thick and curdy milk . . . commonly called <b>biestings</b>.
<i>Newton. (1574).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bifacial</h1>
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<hw>Bi*fa"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>facial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the opposite surfaces alike.</def>

<h1>Bifarious</h1>
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<hw>Bi*fa"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bifarius</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>fari</ets> to speak. Cf. Gr. <?/ twofold; <?/ twice + <?/ to say.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Twofold; arranged in two rows.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pointing two ways, as leaves that grow only on opposite sides of a branch; in two vertical rows.</def>

<h1>Bifariously</h1>
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<hw>Bi*fa"ri*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a bifarious manner.</def>

<h1>Biferous</h1>
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<hw>Bif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bifer</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Bearing fruit twice a year.</def>

<h1>Biffin</h1>
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<hw>Bif"fin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Beaufin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sort of apple peculiar to Norfolk, Eng.</def>  <note>[Sometimes called <i>beaufin</i>; but properly <i>beefin</i> (it is said), from its resemblance to raw beef.]</note>

<i>Wright.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A baked apple pressed down into a flat, round cake; a dried apple.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Bifid</h1>
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<hw>Bi"fid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bifidus</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + root of <ets>findere</ets> to cleave or split: cf. F. <ets>bifide</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cleft to the middle or slightly beyond the middle; opening with a cleft; divided by a linear sinus, with straight margins.</def>

<h1>Bifidate</h1>
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<hw>Bif"i*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bifidatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Bifid</er>.</def>

<h1>Bifilar</h1>
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<hw>Bi*fi"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>filar</ets>.]</ety> <def>Two-threaded; involving the use of two threads; <as>as, <ex>bifilar</ex> suspension; a <ex>bifilar</ex> balance.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Bifilar micrometer</col> (often called <col>a bifilar</col></mcol>), <cd>an instrument form measuring minute distances or angles by means of two very minute threads (usually spider lines), one of which, at least, is movable; -- more commonly called a <altname>filar micrometer</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Biflabellate</h1>
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<hw>Bi`fla*bel"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>flabellate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Flabellate on both sides.</def>

<h1>Biflagellate</h1>
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<hw>Bi`fla*gel"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>flagellate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two long, narrow, whiplike appendages.</def>

<h1>Biflorate, Biflorous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*flo"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*flo"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing two flowers; two-flowered.</def>

<h1>Bifold</h1>
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<hw>Bi"fold</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>fold</ets>.]</ety> <def>Twofold; double; of two kinds, degrees, etc.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bifoliate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>foliate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two leaves; two-leaved.</def>

<h1>Bifoliolate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*fo"li*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>foliolate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two leaflets, as some compound leaves.</def>

<h1>Biforate</h1>
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<hw>Bif"o*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>foratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>forare</ets> to bore or pierce.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two perforations.</def>

<h1>Biforine</h1>
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<hw>Bif"o*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>biforis</ets>, <ets>biforus</ets>, having two doors; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>foris</ets> door.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An oval sac or cell, found in the leaves of certain plants of the order <spn>Arace\'91</spn>. It has an opening at each end through which raphides, generated inside, are discharged.</def>

<h1>Biforked</h1>
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<hw>Bi"forked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bifurcate.</def>

<h1>Biform</h1>
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<hw>Bi"form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>biformis</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>forma</ets> shape: cf. F. <ets>biforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two forms, bodies, or shapes.</def>

<i>Croxall.</i>

<h1>Biformed</h1>
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<hw>Bi"formed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two forms.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Biformity</h1>
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<hw>Bi*form"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A double form.</def>

<h1>Biforn</h1>
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<hw>Bi*forn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep. & adv.</tt> <def>Before.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Biforous</h1>
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<hw>Bif"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>biforis</ets> having two doors; <ets>bis</ets> twice, two + <ets>foris</ets> door.]</ety> <def>See <er>Biforate</er>.</def>

<h1>Bifronted</h1>
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<hw>Bi*front"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>front</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two fronts.</def> "<i>Bifronted</i> Janus."

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Bifurcate, Bifurcated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*fur"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*fur"ca*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>furcate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Two-pronged; forked.</def>

<h1>Bifurcate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*fur"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To divide into two branches.</def>

<h1>Bifurcation</h1>
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<hw>Bi`fur*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bifurcation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A forking, or division into two branches.</def>

<h1>Bifurcous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*fur"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bifurcus</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>furca</ets> fork.]</ety> <def>See <er>Bifurcate</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coles.</i>

<h1>Big</h1>
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<hw>Big</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>compar.</tt> <er>Bigger</er>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Biggest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Perh. from Celtic; cf. W. <ets>beichiog</ets>, <ets>beichiawg</ets>, pregnant, with child, fr. <ets>baich</ets> burden, Arm. <ets>beac'h</ets>; or cf. OE. <ets>bygly</ets>, Icel. <ets>biggiligr</ets>, (properly) habitable; (then) magnigicent, excellent, fr. OE. <ets>biggen</ets>, Icel. <ets>byggja</ets>, to dwell, build, akin to E. <ets>be</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having largeness of size; of much bulk or magnitude; of great size; large.</def> "He's too <i>big</i> to go in there."

<i> Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Great with young; pregnant; swelling; ready to give birth or produce; -- often figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>[Day] <b>big</b> with the fate of Cato and of Rome.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having greatness, fullness, importance, inflation, distention, etc., whether in a good or a bad sense; <as>as, a <ex>big</ex> heart; a <ex>big</ex> voice; <ex>big</ex> looks; to look <ex>big</ex></as>. As applied to looks, it indicates haughtiness or pride.</def>

<blockquote>God hath not in heaven a <b>bigger</b> argument.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Big</i> is often used in self-explaining compounds; as, <i>big-</i>boned; <i>big-</i>sounding; <i>big-</i>named; <i>big-</i>voiced.</note>

<cs><col>To talk big</col>, <cd>to talk loudly, arrogantly, or pretentiously.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>I <b>talked big</b> to them at first.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Bulky; large; great; massive; gross.</syn>

<h1>Big, Bigg</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw><hw>Big</hw>, <hw>Bigg</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bif</ets>, <ets>bigge</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bygg</ets>, Dan. <ets>byg</ets>, Sw. <ets>bjugg</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Barley, especially the hardy four-rowed kind.</def>

<blockquote>"Bear interchanges in local use, now with barley, now with <b>bigg</b>."
<i>New English Dict.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Big, Bigg</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw><hw>Big</hw>, <hw>Bigg</hw><hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>biggen</ets>, fr. Icel. <ets>byggja</ets> to inhabit, to build, <ets>b<?/a</ets> (neut.) to dwell (active) to make ready. See <er>Boor</er>, and <er>Bound</er>.]</ety> <def>To build.</def> <mark>[Scot. & North of Eng. Dial.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Biga</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A two-horse chariot.</def>

<h1>Bigam</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"am</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bigamus</ets> twice married: cf. F. <ets>bigame</ets>. See <er>Bigamy.</er>]</ety> <def>A bigamist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bigamist</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"a*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Digamist</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is guilty of bigamy.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Bigamous</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Guilty of bigamy; involving bigamy; <as>as, a <ex>bigamous</ex> marriage</as>.</def>

<h1>Bigamy</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bigamie</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bigamus</ets> twice married; <ets>bis</ets> twice + Gr. <ets><?/</ets> marriage; prob. akin to Skt. <ets>j\'bemis</ets> related, and L. <ets>gemini</ets> twins, the root meaning to <ets>bind</ets>, <ets>join</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bigamie</ets>. Cf. <er>Digamy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The offense of marrying one person when already legally married to another.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<note>&hand; It is not strictly correct to call this offense <i>bigamy</i>: it more properly denominated <i>polygamy</i>, i. e., having a plurality of wives or husbands at once, and in several statutes in the United States the offense is classed under the head of <i>polygamy</i>.

   In the canon law <i>bigamy</i> was the marrying of two virgins successively, or one after the death of the other, or once marrying a widow. This disqualified a man for orders, and for holding ecclesiastical offices. Shakespeare uses the word in the latter sense.

<i>Blackstone.</i>  <i>Bouvier.</i>

<blockquote>Base declension and loathed <b>bigamy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
</note>

<h1>Bigarreau, Bigaroon</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw><hw>Big`ar*reau"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Big`a*roon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bigarreau</ets>, fr. <ets>bigarr\'82</ets> variegated.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The large white-heart cherry.</def>

<h1>Big-bellied</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"-bel`lied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a great belly; <as>as, a <ex>big-bellied</ex> man or flagon</as>; advanced in pregnancy.</def>

<h1>Bigaminate</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*gam"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>geminate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a forked petiole, and a pair of leaflets at the end of each division; biconjugate; twice paired; -- said of a decompound leaf.</def>

<h1>Bigential</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*gen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + L. <ets>gens</ets>, <ets>gentis</ets>, tribe.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Including two tribes or races of men.</def>

<h1>Bigeye</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the genus <spn>Priacanthus</spn>, remarkable for the large size of the eye.</def>

<h1>Bigg</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bigg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Big</er>, <tt>n. & v.</tt></def>

<h1>Biggen</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To make or become big; to enlarge.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial.]</mark>

<i>Steele.</i>

<h1>Bigger</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>, <tt>compar.</tt> of <er>Big</er>.</def>

<h1>Biggest</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"gest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>, <tt>superl.</tt> of <er>Big</er>.</def>

<h1>Biggin</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"gin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82guin</ets>, prob. from the cap worn by the <ets>B\'82guines</ets>. Cf. <er>Beguine</er>, <er>Biggon</er>.]</ety> <def>A child's cap; a hood, or something worn on the head.</def>

<blockquote>An old woman's <b>biggin</b> for a nightcap.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Biggin</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"gin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coffeepot with a strainer or perforated metallic vessel for holding the ground coffee, through which boiling water is poured; -- so called from Mr. <ets>Biggin</ets>, the inventor.</def>

<h1>Biggin, Bigging</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw><hw>Big"gin</hw>, <hw>Big"ging</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bigging</ets>. See <er>Big</er>, <er>Bigg</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A building.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Biggon, Biggonnet</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw><hw>Big"gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Big"gon*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82guin</ets> and OF. <ets>beguinet</ets>, dim of <ets>b\'82guin</ets>. See <er>Biggin</er> a cap.]</ety> <def>A cap or hood with pieces covering the ears.</def>

<h1>Bigha</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"ha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A measure of land in India, varying from a third of an acre to an acre.</def>

<h1>Bighorn</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"horn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Rocky Mountain sheep<spn> (Ovis or Caprovis montana)</spn>.</def>

<h1>Bight</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bi<?/t</ets> a bending; cf. Sw. & Dan. <ets>bugt</ets> bend, bay; fr. AS. <ets>byht</ets>, fr. <ets>b<?/gan</ets>. &root;88. Cf. <er>Bout</er>, <er>Bought</er> a bend, and see <er>Bow</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A corner, bend, or angle; a hollow; <as>as, the <ex>bight</ex> of a horse's knee; the <ex>bight</ex> of an elbow.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>A bend in a coast forming an open bay; <as>as, the <ex>Bight</ex> of Benin</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The double part of a rope when folded, in distinction from the ends; that is, a round, bend, or coil not including the ends; a loop.</def>

<h1>Biglandular</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*glan"du*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>glandular</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two glands, as a plant.</def>

<h1>Bigly</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Big</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>In a tumid, swelling, blustering manner; haughtily; violently.</def>

<blockquote>He brawleth <b>bigly</b>.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia. )</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bigness</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being big; largeness; size; bulk.</def>

<h1>Bignonia</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big*no"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from the Abb\'82 <ets>Bignon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large genus of American, mostly tropical, climbing shrubs, having compound leaves and showy somewhat tubular flowers. <i>B</i>. <i>capreolata</i> is the cross vine of the Southern United States. The trumpet creeper was formerly considered to be of this genus.</def>

<h1>Bignoniaceous</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big*no`ni*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which the trumpet flower is an example.</def>

<h1>Bigot</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bigot</ets> a bigot or hypocrite, a name once given to the Normans in France. Of unknown origin; possibly akin to Sp. <ets>bigote</ets> a whisker; hombre de <ets>bigote</ets> a man of spirit and vigor; cf. It. <ets>s-bigottire</ets> to terrify, to appall. Wedgwood and others maintain that bigot is from the same source as <ets>Beguine</ets>, <ets>Beghard</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A hypocrite; esp., a superstitious hypocrite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person who regards his own faith and views in matters of religion as unquestionably right, and any belief or opinion opposed to or differing from them as unreasonable or wicked. In an extended sense, a person who is intolerant of opinions which conflict with his own, as in politics or morals; one obstinately and blindly devoted to his own church, party, belief, or opinion.</def>

<blockquote>To doubt, where <b>bigots</b> had been content to wonder and believe.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bigot</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"ot</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bigoted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In a country more <b>bigot</b> than ours.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bigoted</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"ot*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Obstinately and blindly attached to some creed, opinion practice, or ritual; unreasonably devoted to a system or party, and illiberal toward the opinions of others.</def> "<i>Bigoted</i> to strife."

<i>Byron.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Prejudiced; intolerant; narrow-minded.</syn>

<h1>Bigotedly</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"ot*ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a bigot.</def>

<h1>Bigotry</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"ot*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bigoterie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of mind of a bigot; obstinate and unreasoning attachment of one's own belief and opinions, with narrow-minded intolerance of beliefs opposed to them.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The practice or tenets of a bigot.</def>

<h1>Bigwig</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"wig`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Big</ets>,<tt>a.</tt>+ <ets>wig</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person of consequence; <as>as, the <ex>bigwigs</ex> of society</as>.</def> <mark>[Jocose]</mark>

<blockquote>In our youth we have heard him spoken of by the <b>bigwigs</b> with extreme condescension.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Big-wigged</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Big"-wigged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>characterized by pomposity of manner.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Bihydroguret</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi`hy*drog"u*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>hydroguret</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of two atoms of hydrogen with some other substance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bijou</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*jou"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bijoux</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F.; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>A trinket; a jewel; -- a word applied to anything small and of elegant workmanship.</def>

<h1>Bijoutry</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*jou"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bijouterie</ets>. See <er>Bijou</er>.]</ety> <def>Small articles of virtu, as jewelry, trinkets, etc.</def>

<h1>Bijugate</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bij"u*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>jugatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>jugare</ets> to join.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two pairs, as of leaflets.</def>

<h1>Bijugous</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bij"u*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bijugus</ets> yoked two together; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>jugum</ets> yoke, pair.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bijugate.</def>

<h1>Bike</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bike</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ethymol. unknown.]</ety> <def>A nest of wild bees, wasps, or ants; a swarm.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Bikh</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bikh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind., fr. Skr. <ets>visha</ets> poison.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The East Indian name of a virulent poison extracted from <i>Aconitum ferox</i> or other species of aconite: also, the plant itself.</def>

<h1>Bilabiate</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*la"bi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>labiate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two lips, as the corols of certain flowers.</def>

<h1>Bilaciniate</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi`la*cin"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>laciniate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Doubly fringed.</def>

<h1>Bilalo</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*la"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A two-masted passenger boat or small vessel, used in the bay of Manila.</def>

<h1>Bilamellate, Bilamellated</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw><hw>Bi*lam"el*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*lam"el*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>lamellate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Formed of two plates, as the stigma of the Mimulus; also, having two elevated ridges, as in the lip of certain flowers.</def>

<h1>Bilaminar, Bilaminate</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw><hw>Bi*lam"i*nar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*lam"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>laminar</ets>, <ets>laminate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formed of, or having, two lamin\'91, or thin plates.</def>

<h1>Biland</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A byland.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Bilander</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bil"an*der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>bijlander</ets>; <ets>bij</ets> by + <ets>land</ets> land, country.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small two-masted merchant vessel, fitted only for coasting, or for use in canals, as in Holland.</def>

<blockquote>Why choose we, then, like <b>bilanders</b> to creep
Along the coast, and land in view to keep?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bilateral</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*lat"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>lateral</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bilat\'82ral</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having two sides; arranged upon two sides; affecting two sides or two parties.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the two sides of a central area or organ, or of a central axis; <as>as, <ex>bilateral</ex> symmetry in animals, where there is a similarity of parts on the right and left sides of the body</as>.</def>

<h1>Bilaterality</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*lat`er*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being bilateral.</def>

<h1>Bilberry</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bil"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bilberries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>b\'94lleb\'91r</ets> bilberry, where <ets>b\'94lle</ets> is perh. akin to E. <ets>ball</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The European whortleberry (<spn>Vaccinium myrtillus</spn>); also, its edible bluish black fruit.</def>

<blockquote>There pinch the maids as blue as <b>bilberry</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> Any similar plant or its fruit; esp., in America, the species <spn>Vaccinium myrtilloides</spn>, <spn>V. c\'91spitosum</spn> and <spn>V. uliginosum</spn>.</def>

<h1>Bilbo</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bil"bo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bilboes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rapier; a sword; so named from <i>Bilbao</i>, in Spain.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A long bar or bolt of iron with sliding shackles, and a lock at the end, to confine the feet of prisoners or offenders, esp. on board of ships.</def>

<blockquote>Methought I lay
Worse than the mutines in the <b>bilboes</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bilboquet</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bil"bo*quet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The toy called <altname>cup and ball</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bilcock</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bil"cock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European water rail.</def>

<h1>Bildstein</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bild"stein</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., fr. <ets>bild</ets> image, likeness + <ets>stein</ets> stone.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Agalmatolite</er>.</def>

<h1>Bile</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bile</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A yellow, or greenish, viscid fluid, usually alkaline in reaction, secreted by the liver. It passes into the intestines, where it aids in the digestive process. Its characteristic constituents are the bile salts, and coloring matters.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bitterness of feeling; choler; anger; ill humor; <as>as, to stir one's <ex>bile</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<note>&hand; The ancients considered the bile to be the "humor" which caused irascibility.</note>

<h1>Bile</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bile</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>byle</ets>, <ets>bule</ets>, <ets>bele</ets>, AS. <ets>b<?/le</ets>, <ets>b<?/l</ets>; skin to D. <ets>buil</ets>, G. <ets>beule</ets>, and Goth. <ets>ufbauljan</ets> to puff up. Cf. <er>Boil</er> a tumor, <er>Bulge</er>.]</ety> <def>A boil.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Bilection</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bi*lec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>That portion of a group of moldings which projects beyond the general surface of a panel; a bolection.</def>

<h1>Bilestone</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bile"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bile</ets> + <ets>stone</ets>.]</ety> <def>A gallstone, or biliary calculus. See <er>Biliary</er>.</def>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Bilge</h1>
<Xpage=144>

<hw>Bilge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A different orthography of <ets>bulge</ets>, of same origin as <ets>belly</ets>. Cf. <er>Belly</er>, <er>Bulge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The protuberant part of a cask, which is usually in the middle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>That part of a ship's hull or bottom which is broadest and most nearly flat, and on which she would rest if aground.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Bilge water.</def>

<cs><col>Bilge free</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>stowed in such a way that the bilge is clear of everything; -- said of a cask.</cd> -- <col>Bilge pump</col>, <cd>a pump to draw the bilge water from the gold of a ship.</cd> -- <col>Bilge water</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>water which collects in the bilge or bottom of a ship or other vessel. It is often allowed to remain till it becomes very offensive.</cd> -- <col>Bilge ways</col>, <cd>the timbers which support the cradle of a ship upon the ways, and which slide upon the launching ways in launching the vessel.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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<h1>Bilge</h1>
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<hw>Bilge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bilged</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bilging</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To suffer a fracture in the bilge; to spring a leak by a fracture in the bilge.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bulge.</def>

<h1>Bilge</h1>
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<hw>Bilge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To fracture the bilge of, or stave in the bottom of (a ship or other vessel).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to bulge.</def>

<h1>Bilgy</h1>
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<hw>Bil"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the smell of bilge water.</def>

<h1>Billary</h1>
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<hw>Bil"la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bilis</ets> bile: cf. F. <ets>biliaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Relating or belonging to bile; conveying bile; <as>as, <ex>biliary</ex> acids; <ex>biliary</ex> ducts.</as></def>

<cs><col>Biliary calculus</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a gallstone, or a concretion formed in the gall bladder or its duct.</cd></cs>

<h1>Biliation</h1>
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<hw>Bil`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The production and excretion of bile.</def>

<h1>Biliferous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Generating bile.</def>

<h1>Bilifuscin</h1>
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<hw>Bil`i*fus"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bilis</ets> bile + <ets>fuscus</ets> dark.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A brownish green pigment found in human gallstones and in old bile. It is a derivative of bilirubin.</def>

<h1>Bilimbi, Bilimbing</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*lim"bi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*lim"bing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay.]</ety> <def>The berries of two East Indian species of <spn>Averrhoa</spn>, of the <spn>Oxalide\'91</spn> or Sorrel family. They are very acid, and highly esteemed when preserved or pickled. The juice is used as a remedy for skin diseases.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>blimbi</asp> and <asp>blimbing</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Biliment</h1>
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<hw>Bil"i*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman's ornament; habiliment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bilin</h1>
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<hw>Bi"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>biline</ets>, from L. <ets>bilis</ets> bile.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A name applied to the amorphous or crystalline mass obtained from bile by the action of alcohol and ether. It is composed of a mixture of the sodium salts of the bile acids.</def>

<h1>Bilinear</h1>
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<hw>Bi*lin"e*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or included by, two lines; <as>as, <ex>bilinear</ex> co\'94rdinates</as>.</def>

<h1>Bilingual</h1>
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<hw>Bi*lin"gual</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bilinguis</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>lingua</ets> tongue, language.]</ety> <def>Containing, or consisting of, two languages; expressed in two languages; <as>as, a <ex>bilingual</ex> inscription; a <ex>bilingual</ex> dictionary.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bi*lin"gual*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bilingualism</h1>
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<hw>Bi*lin"gual*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being bilingual.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>bilingualism</b> of King's English.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bilinguar</h1>
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<hw>Bi*lin"guar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Bilingual</er>.</def>

<h1>Bilinguist</h1>
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<hw>Bi*lin"guist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in two languages.</def>

<h1>Bilinguous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*lin"guous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bilinguis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two tongues, or speaking two languages.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bilious</h1>
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<hw>Bil"ious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>biliosus</ets>, fr. <ets>bilis</ets> bile.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the bile.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disordered in respect to the bile; troubled with and excess of bile; <as>as, a bilious patient</as>; dependent on, or characterized by, an excess of bile; <as>as, <ex>bilious</ex> symptoms</as>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Choleric; passionate; ill tempered.</def> "A <i>bilious</i> old nabob."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<cs><col>Bilious temperament</col>. <cd>See <er>Temperament</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Biliousness</h1>
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<hw>Bil"ious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being bilious.</def>

<h1>Biliprasin</h1>
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<hw>Bil`i*pra"sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bilis</ets> bile + <ets>prasinus</ets> green.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A dark green pigment found in small quantity in human gallstones.</def>

<h1>Bilirubin</h1>
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<hw>Bil`i*ru"bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bilis</ets> biel + <ets>ruber</ets> red.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A reddish yellow pigment present in human bile, and in that from carnivorous and herbivorous animals; the normal biliary pigment.</def>

<h1>Biliteral</h1>
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<hw>Bi*lit"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>littera</ets> letter.]</ety> <def>Consisting of two letters; <as>as, a <ex>biliteral</ex> root of a Sanskrit verb</as>.</def>  <i>Sir W. Jones</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A word, syllable, or root, consisting of two letters.</def></def2>

<h1>Biliteralism</h1>
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<hw>Bi*lit"er*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The property or state of being biliteral.</def>

<h1>Biliverdin</h1>
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<hw>Bil`i*ver"din</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bilis</ets> bile + <ets>viridis</ets> green. Cf. <er>Verdure</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A green pigment present in the bile, formed from bilirubin by oxidation.</def>

<h1>Bilk</h1>
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<hw>Bilk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bilked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bilking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Origin unknown. Cf. <er>Balk</er>.]</ety> <def>To frustrate or disappoint; to deceive or defraud, by nonfulfillment of engagement; to leave in the lurch; to give the slip to; <as>as, to <ex>bilk</ex> a creditor</as>.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Bilk</h1>
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<hw>Bilk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thwarting an adversary in cribbage by spoiling his score; a balk.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cheat; a trick; a hoax.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Nonsense; vain words.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A person who tricks a creditor; an untrustworthy, tricky person.</def>

<i>Marryat.</i>

<h1>Bill</h1>
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<hw>Bill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bile</ets>, <ets>bille</ets>, AS. <ets>bile</ets> beak of a bird, proboscis; cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>bil</ets>, <ets>bile</ets>, mouth, lip, bird's bill. Cf. <er>Bill</er> a weapon.]</ety> <def>A beak, as of a bird, or sometimes of a turtle or other animal.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bill</h1>
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<hw>Bill</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Billed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Billing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike; to peck.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To join bills, as doves; to caress in fondness.</def> "As pigeons <i>bill</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>To bill and coo</col>, <cd>to interchange caresses; -- said of doves; also of demonstrative lovers.</cd></cs>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Bill</h1>
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<hw>Bill</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The bell, or boom, of the bittern</def>

<blockquote>The bittern's hollow <b>bill</b> was heard.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bill</h1>
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<hw>Bill</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bil</ets>, AS. <ets>bill</ets>, <ets>bil</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>bil</ets> sword, OHG. <ets>bill</ets> pickax, G. <ets>bille</ets>. Cf. <er>Bill</er> bea<?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cutting instrument, with hook-shaped point, and fitted with a handle; -- used in pruning, etc.; a billhook. When short, called a <i>hand bill</i>, when long, a <i>hedge bill</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A weapon of infantry, in the 14th and 15th centuries. A common form of bill consisted of a broad, heavy, double-edged, hook-shaped blade, having a short pike at the back and another at the top, and attached to the end of a long staff.</def>

<blockquote>France had no infantry that dared to face the English bows end <b>bills</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who wields a bill; a billman.</def>

<i>Strype.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A pickax, or mattock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The extremity of the arm of an anchor; the point of or beyond the fluke.</def>

<h1>Bill</h1>
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<hw>Bill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To work upon ( as to dig, hoe, hack, or chop anything) with a bill.</def>

<h1>Bill</h1>
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<hw>Bill</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bill</ets>, <ets>bille</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>billa</ets> (or OF. <ets>bille</ets>), for L. <ets>bulla</ets> anything rounded, LL., seal, stamp, letter, edict, roll; cf. F. <ets>bille</ets> a ball, prob. fr. Ger.; cf. MHG. <ets>bickel</ets>, D. <ets>bikkel</ets>, dice. Cf. <er>Bull</er> papal edict, <er>Billet</er> a paper.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A declaration made in writing, stating some wrong the complainant has suffered from the defendant, or a fault committed by some person against a law.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A writing binding the signer or signers to pay a certain sum at a future day or on demand, with or without interest, as may be stated in the document.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<note>&hand; In the United States, it is usually called a <i>note</i>, a <i>note of hand</i>, or a <i>promissory note</i>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A form or draft of a law, presented to a legislature for enactment; a proposed or projected law.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A paper, written or printed, and posted up or given away, to advertise something, as a lecture, a play, or the sale of goods; a placard; a poster; a handbill.</def>

<blockquote>She put up the <b>bill</b> in her parlor window.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An account of goods sold, services rendered, or work done, with the price or charge; a statement of a creditor's claim, in gross or by items; <as>as, a grocer's <ex>bill</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Any paper, containing a statement of particulars; <as>as, a <ex>bill</ex> of charges or expenditures; a weekly <ex>bill</ex> of mortality; a <ex>bill</ex> of fare, etc.</as></def>

<cs><col>Bill of adventure</col>. <cd>See under <er>Adventure</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bill of costs</col>, <cd>a statement of the items which form the total amount of the costs of a party to a suit or action.</cd> -- <col>Bill of credit</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Within the constitution of the United States, a paper issued by a State, on the mere faith and credit of the State, and designed to circulate as money. No State shall "emit <i>bills of credit<i>." <i>U. S. Const.</i>   <i>Peters</i>.</cd>   <i>Wharton</i>.   <i>Bouvier</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Among merchants, a letter sent by an agent or other person to a merchant, desiring him to give credit to the bearer for goods or money.</cd> -- <col>Bill of divorce</col>, <cd>in the Jewish law, a writing given by the husband to the wife, by which the marriage relation was dissolved.</cd> <i>Jer. iii. 8</i>. -- <col>Bill of entry</col>, <cd>a written account of goods entered at the customhouse, whether imported or intended for exportation.</cd> -- <col>Bill of exceptions</col>. <cd>See under <er>Exception</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bill of exchange</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>a written order or request from one person or house to another, desiring the latter to pay to some person designated a certain sum of money therein generally is, and, to be negotiable, must be, made payable to order or to bearer. So also the order generally expresses a specified time of payment, and that it is drawn for value. The person who draws the bil is called the <i>drawer<i>, the person on whom it is drawn is, before acceptance, called the <i>drawee<i>, -- after acceptance, the <i>acceptor<i>; the person to whom the money is directed to be paid is called the <i>payee<i>. The person making the order may himself be the payee. The bill itself is frequently called a <i>draft<i>. See <er>Exchange</er>.</cd> <i>Chitty</i>. -- <col>Bill of fare</col>, <cd>a written or printed enumeration of the dishes served at a public table, or of the dishes (with prices annexed) which may be ordered at a restaurant, etc.</cd> -- <col>Bill of health</col>, <cd>a certificate from the proper authorities as to the state of health of a ship's company at the time of her leaving port.</cd> -- <col>Bill of indictment</col>, <cd>a written accusation lawfully presented to a grand jury. If the jury consider the evidence sufficient to support the accusation, they indorse it "A true bill," or "Not found," or "<i>Ignoramus</i>", or "Ignored."</cd>  -- <col>Bill of lading</col>, <cd>a written account of goods shipped by any person, signed by the agent of the owner of the vessel, or by its master, acknowledging the receipt of the goods, and promising to deliver them safe at the place directed, dangers of the sea excepted. It is usual for the master to sign two, three, or four copies of the bill; one of which he keeps in possession, one is kept by the shipper, and one is sent to the consignee of the goods.</cd> -- <col>Bill of mortality</col>, <cd>an official statement of the number of deaths in a place or district within a given time; also, a district required to be covered by such statement; <as>as, a place within the <ex>bills of mortality<ex> of London</as>.</cd> -- <col>Bill of pains and penalties</col>, <cd>a special act of a legislature which inflicts a punishment less than death upon persons supposed to be guilty of treason or felony, without any conviction in the ordinary course of judicial proceedings.</cd> <i>Bouvier.</i> <i>Wharton</i>. -- <col>Bill of parcels</col>, <cd>an account given by the seller to the buyer of the several articles purchased, with the price of each.</cd> -- <col>Bill of particulars</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a detailed statement of the items of a plaintiff's demand in an action, or of the defendant's set-off.</cd> -- <col>Bill of rights</col>, <cd>a summary of rights and privileges claimed by a people. Such was the declaration presented by the Lords and Commons of England to the Prince and Princess of Orange in 1688, and enacted in Parliament after they became king and queen. In America, a <i>bill<i> or <i>declaration of rights<i> is prefixed to most of the constitutions of the several States.</cd> -- <col>Bill of sale</col>, <cd>a formal instrument for the conveyance or transfer of goods and chattels.</cd> -- <col>Bill of sight</col>, <cd>a form of entry at the customhouse, by which goods, respecting which the importer is not possessed of full information, may be provisionally landed for examination.</cd> -- <col>Bill of store</col>, <cd>a license granted at the customhouse to merchants, to carry such stores and provisions as are necessary for a voyage, custom free.</cd> <i>Wharton</i>. -- <col>Bills payable</col> (<plu>pl.</plu>), <cd>the outstanding unpaid notes or acceptances made and issued by an individual or firm.</cd> -- <col>Bills receivable</col> (<plu>pl.</plu>), <cd>the unpaid promissory notes or acceptances held by an individual or firm. <i>McElrath</i>.</cd> -- <col>A true bill</col>, <cd>a bill of indictment sanctioned by a grand jury.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bill</h1>
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<hw>Bill</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To advertise by a bill or public notice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To charge or enter in a bill; <as>as, to <ex>bill</ex> goods</as>.</def>

<h1>Billage</h1>
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<hw>Bil"lage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>and <i>v. t.</i> & <i>i</i>. Same as <er>Bilge</er>.</def>

<h1>Billard</h1>
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<hw>Bil"lard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An English fish, allied to the cod; the coalfish.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>billet</asp> and <asp>billit</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Billbeetle, or Billbug</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bill`bee"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, or <hw>Bill"bug`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A weevil or curculio of various species, as the corn weevil. See <er>Curculio</er>.</def>

<h1>Billboard</h1>
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<hw>Bill"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of thick plank, armed with iron plates, and fixed on the bow or fore channels of a vessel, for the bill or fluke of the anchor to rest on.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A flat surface, as of a panel or of a fence, on which bills are posted; a bulletin board.</def>
<-- esp. a large board on which the space is rented for advertising purposes. -->

<h1>Bill book</h1>
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<hw>Bill" book`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A book in which a person keeps an account of his notes, bills, bills of exchange, etc., thus showing all that he issues and receives.</def>

<h1>Bill broker</h1>
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<hw>Bill" bro`ker</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>One who negotiates the discount of bills.</def>

<h1>Billed</h1>
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<hw>Billed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with, or having, a bill, as a bird; -- used in composition; <as>as, broad-<ex>billed</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Billet</h1>
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<hw>Bil"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>billet</ets>, dim. of an OF. <ets>bille</ets> bill. See <er>Bill</er> a writing.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small paper; a note; a short letter.</def> "I got your melancholy <i>billet</i>."

<i>Sterne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A ticket from a public officer directing soldiers at what house to lodge; <as>as, a <ex>billet</ex> of residence</as>.</def>

<h1>Billet</h1>
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<hw>Bil"let</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Billeted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Billeting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Billet</er> a ticket.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To direct, by a ticket or note, where to lodge. Hence: To quarter, or place in lodgings, as soldiers in private houses.</def>

<blockquote><b>Billeted</b> in so antiquated a mansion.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Billet</h1>
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<hw>Bil"let</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>billette</ets>, <ets>bille</ets>, log; of unknown origin; a different word from <ets>bille</ets> ball. Cf. <er>Billiards</er>, <er>Billot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small stick of wood, as for firewood.</def>

<blockquote>They shall beat out my brains with <b>billets</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A short bar of metal, as of gold or iron.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament in Norman work, resembling a billet of wood either square or round.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Saddlery)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A strap which enters a buckle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A loop which receives the end of a buckled strap.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing in the form of an oblong rectangle.</def>

<h1>Billet-doux</h1>
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<hw>Bil`let-doux"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Billets-doux</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>billet</ets> note + <ets>doux</ets> sweet, L. <ets>dulcis</ets>.]</ety> <def>A love letter or note.</def>

<blockquote>A lover chanting out a <b>billet-doux</b>.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Billethead</h1>
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<hw>Bil"let*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A round piece of timber at the bow or stern of a whaleboat, around which the harpoon lone is run out when the whale darts off.</def>

<h1>Billfish</h1>
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<hw>Bill"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name applied to several distinct fishes: <sd>(a)</sd> The garfish (<spn>Tylosurus, or Belone, <i>longirostris</spn>) and allied species. <sd>(b)</sd> The saury, a slender fish of the Atlantic coast (<spn>Scomberesox saurus</spn>). <sd>(c)</sd> The <spn>Tetrapturus albidus</spn>, a large oceanic species related to the swordfish; the spearfish. <sd>(d)</sd> The American fresh-water garpike (<spn>Lepidosteus osseus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Billhead</h1>
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<hw>Bill"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A printed form, used by merchants in making out bills or rendering accounts.</def>

<h1>Bill holder</h1>
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<hw>Bill" hold`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person who holds a bill or acceptance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A device by means of which bills, etc., are held.</def>

<h1>Billhook</h1>
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<hw>Bill"hook`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bill</ets> + <ets>hook</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thick, heavy knife with a hooked point, used in pruning hedges, etc. When it has a short handle, it is sometimes called a <altname>hand bill</altname>; when the handle is long, a <stype>hedge bill</stype> or <stype>scimiter</stype>.</def>

<h1>Billiard</h1>
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<hw>Bil"liard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the game of billiards.</def> "Smooth as is a <i>billiard</i> ball."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Billiards</h1>
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<hw>Bil"liards</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>billiard</ets> billiards, OF. <ets>billart</ets> staff, cue form playing, fr. <ets>bille</ets> log. See <er>Billet</er> a stick.]</ety> <def>A game played with ivory balls o a cloth-covered, rectangular table, bounded by elastic cushions. The player seeks to impel his ball with his cue so that it shall either strike (carom upon) two other balls, or drive another ball into one of the pockets with which the table sometimes is furnished.</def>

<h1>Billing</h1>
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<hw>Bill"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Caressing; kissing.</def>

<h1>Billingsgate</h1>
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<hw>Bil"lings*gate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A market near the Billings gate in London, celebrated for fish and foul language.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Coarsely abusive, foul, or profane language; vituperation; ribaldry.</def>

<h1>Billion</h1>
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<hw>Bil"lion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>billion</ets>, arbitrarily formed fr. L. <ets>bis</ets> twice, in imitation of <ets>million</ets> a million. See <er>Million</er>.]</ety> <def>According to the French and American method of numeration, a thousand millions, or 1,000,000,000; according to the English method, a million millions, or  1,000,000,000,000. See <er>Numeration</er>.</def>

<h1>Billman</h1>
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<hw>Bill"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Billmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who uses, or is armed with, a bill or hooked ax.</def> "A <i>billman</i> of the guard."

<i>Savile.</i>

<h1>Billon</h1>
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<hw>Bil`lon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. Cf. <er>Billet</er> a stick.]</ety> <def>An alloy of gold and silver with a large proportion of copper or other base metal, used in coinage.</def>

<h1>Billot</h1>
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<hw>Bil"lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>billot</ets>, dim. of <ets>bille</ets>. See <er>Billet</er> a stick.]</ety> <def>Bullion in the bar or mass.</def>

<h1>Billow</h1>
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<hw>Bil"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>bylgja</ets> billow, Dan. <ets>b\'94lge</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'94lja</ets>; akin to MHG. <ets>bulge</ets> billow, bag, and to E. <ets>bulge</ets>. See <er>Bulge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A great wave or surge of the sea or other water, caused usually by violent wind.</def>

<blockquote>Whom the winds waft where'er the <b>billows</b> roll.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A great wave or flood of anything.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Billow</h1>
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<hw>Bil"low</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Billowed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Billowing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To surge; to rise and roll in waves or surges; to undulate.</def> "The <i>billowing</i> snow."

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Billowy</h1>
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<hw>Bil"low*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to billows; swelling or swollen into large waves; full of billows or surges; resembling billows.</def>

<blockquote>And whitening down the many-tinctured stream,
Descends the <b>billowy</b> foam.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Billposter, Billsticker</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bill"post`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bill"stick"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose occupation is to post handbills or posters in public places.</def>

<h1>Billy</h1>
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<hw>Bil"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A club; esp., a policeman's club.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Wool Manuf.)</fld> <def>A slubbing or roving machine.</def>

<h1>Billyboy</h1>
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<hw>Bil"ly*boy`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flat-bottomed river barge or coasting vessel.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Billy goat</h1>
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<hw>Bil"ly goat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A male goat.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="146">
Page 146<p>

<h1>Bilobate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*lo"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>lobate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divided into two lobes or segments.</def>

<h1>Bilobed</h1>
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<hw>Bi"lobed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>lobe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bilobate.</def>

<h1>Bilocation</h1>
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<hw>Bi`lo*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>location</ets>.]</ety> <def>Double location; the state or power of being in two places at the same instant; -- a miraculous power attributed to some of the saints.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<h1>Bilocular</h1>
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<hw>Bi*loc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>locular</ets>: cf. F. <ets>biloculaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divided into two cells or compartments; <as>as, a <ex>bilocular</ex> pericarp</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Bilsted</h1>
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<hw>Bil"sted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sweet gum</er>.</def>

<h1>Biltong</h1>
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<hw>Bil"tong</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[S. African.]</ety> <def>Lean meat cut into strips and sun-dried.</def>

<i>H. R. Haggard.</i>

<h1>Bimaculate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*mac"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>maculate</ets>, a.]</ety> <def>Having, or marked with, two spots.</def>

<h1>Bimana</h1>
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<hw>Bim"a*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Bimanous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Animals having two hands; -- a term applied by Cuvier to man as a special order of <i>Mammalia</i>.</def>

<h1>Bimanous</h1>
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<hw>Bim"a*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>manus</ets> hand.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two hands; two-handed.</def>

<h1>Bimarginate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*mar"gin*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>marginate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a double margin, as certain shells.</def>

<h1>Bimastism</h1>
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<hw>Bi*mas"tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + Gr. <ets><?/</ets> breast.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The condition of having two mamm\'91 or teats.</def>

<h1>Bimedial</h1>
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<hw>Bi*me"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>medial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Applied to a line which is the sum of two lines commensurable only in power (as the side and diagonal of a square).</def>

<h1>Bimembral</h1>
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<hw>Bi*mem"bral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>membrum</ets> member.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Having two members; <as>as, a <ex>bimembral</ex> sentence</as>.</def>

<i>J. W. Gibbs.</i>

<h1>Bimensal</h1>
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<hw>Bi*men"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>mensal</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Bimonthly</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<h1>Bimestrial</h1>
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<hw>Bi*mes"tri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bimestris</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>mensis</ets> month.]</ety> <def>Continuing two months.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Bimetallic</h1>
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<hw>Bi`me*tal"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>metallic</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bim\'82tallique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to, or using, a double metallic standard (as gold and silver) for a system of coins or currency.</def>

<h1>Bimetallism</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi*met"al*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bim\'82talisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The legalized use of two metals (as gold and silver) in the currency of a country, at a fixed relative value; -- in opposition to <i>monometallism</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; The words <i>bim\'82tallisme</i> and <i>monom\'82tallisme</i> are due to M. Cernuschi [1869].</note>

<i>Littr\'82.</i>

<h1>Bimetallist</h1>
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<hw>Bi*met"al*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An advocate of bimetallism.</def>

<h1>Bimonthly</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi*month"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>monthly</ets>.]</ety> <def>Occurring, done, or coming, once in two months; <as>as, <ex>bimonthly</ex> visits; <ex>bimonthly</ex> publications.</as></def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A bimonthly publication.</def></def2>

<h1>Bimonthly</h1>
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<hw>Bi*month"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Once in two months.</def>

<h1>Bimuscular</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi*mus"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>muscular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two adductor muscles, as a bivalve mollusk.</def>

<h1>Bin</h1>
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<hw>Bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>binne</ets>, AS. <ets>binn</ets> manager, crib; perh. akin to D. <ets>ben</ets>, <ets>benne</ets>, basket, and to L. <ets>benna</ets> a kind of carriage ( a Gallic word), W. <ets>benn</ets>, <ets>men</ets>, wain, cart.]</ety> <def>A box, frame, crib, or inclosed place, used as a receptacle for any commodity; <as>as, a corn <ex>bin</ex>; a wine <ex>bin</ex>; a coal <ex>bin</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Bin</h1>
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<hw>Bin</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Binned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Binning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put into a bin; <as>as, to <ex>bin</ex> wine</as>.</def>

<h1>Bin</h1>
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<hw>Bin</hw>. <def>An old form of <er>Be</er> and <er>Been</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bin</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bin*</hw>. <def>A euphonic form of the prefix <er>Bi-</er>.</def>

<h1>Binal</h1>
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<hw>Bi"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Binary</er>.]</ety> <def>Twofold; double.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Binal</i> revenge, all this."

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Binarseniate</h1>
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<hw>Bin`ar*se"ni*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bin-</ets> + <ets>arseniate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt having two equivalents of arsenic acid to one of the base.</def>

<i>Graham.</i>

<h1>Binary</h1>
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<hw>Bi"na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>binarius</ets>, fr. <ets>bini</ets> two by two, two at a time, fr. root of <ets>bis</ets> twice; akin to E. <ets>two</ets>: cf. F. <ets>binaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Compounded or consisting of two things or parts; characterized by two (things).</def>

<cs><col>Binary arithmetic</col>, <cd>that in which numbers are expressed according to the binary scale, or in which two figures only,  0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cipher multiplying everything by two, as in common arithmetic by ten. Thus, 1 is one; 10 is two; 11 is three; 100 is four, etc. <i>Davies<i> & <i>Peck<i>.</cd> -- <col>Binary compound</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a compound of two elements, or of an element and a compound performing the function of an element, or of two compounds performing the function of elements.</cd> -- <col>Binary logarithms</col>, <cd>a system of logarithms devised by Euler for facilitating musical calculations, in which 1 is logarithm of 2, instead of 10, as in the common logarithms, and the modulus 1.442695 instead of .43429448.</cd> -- <col>Binary measure</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>measure divisible by two or four; common time.</cd> -- <col>Binary nomenclature</col> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>nomenclature in which the names designate both genus and species.</cd> -- <col>Binary scale</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>a uniform scale of notation whose ratio is two.</cd> -- <col>Binary star</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a double star whose members have a revolution round their common center of gravity.</cd> -- <col>Binary theory</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the theory that all chemical compounds consist of two constituents of opposite and unlike qualities.</cd></cs>

<h1>Binary</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi"na*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is constituted of two figures, things, or parts; two; duality.</def>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Binate</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bi"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bini</ets> two and two.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Double; growing in pairs or couples.</def>

<i> Gray.</i>

<h1>Binaural</h1>
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<hw>Bin*au"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bin-</ets> + <ets>aural</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to, or used by, both ears.</def>

<h1>Bind</h1>
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<hw>Bind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Bound</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Bound</er>, formerly <er>Bounden</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Binding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>bindan</ets>, perfect tense <ets>band</ets>, <ets>bundon</ets>, p. p. <ets>bunden</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>binden</ets>, Dan. <ets>binde</ets>, Sw. & Icel. <ets>binda</ets>, Goth. <ets>bindan</ets>, Skr. <ets>bandh</ets> (for <ets>bhandh</ets>) to bind, cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> (for <ets><?/</ets>) cable, and L. <ets>offendix</ets>. &root;90.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To tie, or confine with a cord, band, ligature, chain, etc.; to fetter; to make fast; <as>as, to <ex>bind</ex> grain in bundles; to <ex>bind</ex> a prisoner.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To confine, restrain, or hold by physical force or influence of any kind; <as>as, attraction <ex>binds</ex> the planets to the sun; frost <ex>binds</ex> the earth, or the streams.</as></def>

<blockquote>He <b>bindeth</b> the floods from overflowing.
<i>Job xxviii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whom Satan hath <b>bound</b>, lo, these eighteen years.
<i> Luke xiii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cover, as with a bandage; to bandage or dress; -- sometimes with <i>up</i>; <as>as, to <ex>bind</ex> up a wound</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make fast ( a thing) <i>about</i> or <i>upon</i> something, as by tying; to encircle <i>with</i> something; <as>as, to <ex>bind</ex> a belt about one; to <ex>bind</ex> a compress upon a part.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To prevent or restrain from customary or natural action; <as>as, certain drugs <ex>bind</ex> the bowels</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To protect or strengthen by a band or binding, as the edge of a carpet or garment.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To sew or fasten together, and inclose in a cover; <as>as, to <ex>bind</ex> a book</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Fig.: To oblige, restrain, or hold, by authority, law, duty, promise, vow, affection, or other moral tie; <as>as, to <ex>bind</ex> the conscience; to <ex>bind</ex> by kindness; <ex>bound</ex> by affection; commerce <ex>binds</ex> nations to each other.</as></def>

<blockquote>Who made our laws to <b>bind</b> us, not himself.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To bring (any one) under definite legal obligations; esp. under the obligation of a bond or covenant.</def> <i>Abbott</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To place under legal obligation to serve; to indenture; <as>as, to <ex>bind</ex> an apprentice</as>; -- sometimes with <i>out</i>; <as>as, <ex>bound</ex> out to service</as>.</as></def>

<cs><col>To bind over</col>, <cd>to put under bonds to do something, as to appear at court, to keep the peace, etc.</cd> -- <col>To bind to</col>, <cd>to contract; <as>as, to <ex>bind<ex> one's self <ex>to<ex> a wife</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bind up in</col>, <cd>to cause to be wholly engrossed with; to absorb in.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To fetter; tie; fasten; restrain; restrict; oblige.</syn>

<h1>Bind</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To tie; to confine by any ligature.</def>

<blockquote>They that reap must sheaf and <b>bind</b>.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To contract; to grow hard or stiff; to cohere or stick together in a mass; <as>as, clay <ex>binds</ex> by heat</as>.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be restrained from motion, or from customary or natural action, as by friction.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To exert a binding or restraining influence.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Bind</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bind</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which binds or ties.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any twining or climbing plant or stem, esp. a hop vine; a bine.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>Indurated clay, when much mixed with the oxide of iron.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A ligature or tie for grouping notes.</def>

<h1>Binder</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bind"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who binds; <as>as, a <ex>binder</ex> of sheaves; one whose trade is to bind; <as>as, a <ex>binder</ex> of books</as>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything that binds, as a fillet, cord, rope, or band; a bandage; -- esp. the principal piece of timber intended to bind together any building.</def>

<h1>Bindery</h1>
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<hw>Bind"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place where books, or other articles, are bound; a bookbinder's establishment.</def>

<h1>Bindheimite</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bind"heim*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Bindheim</ets>, a German who analyzed it.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An amorphous antimonate of lead, produced from the alteration of other ores, as from jamesonite.</def>

<h1>Binding</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bind"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That binds; obligatory.</def>

<cs><col>Binding beam</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the main timber in double flooring.</cd> -- <col>Binding joist</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the secondary timber in double-framed flooring.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Obligatory; restraining; restrictive; stringent; astringent; costive; styptic.</syn>

<h1>Binding</h1>
<Xpage=146>

<hw>Bind"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of one who, or that which, binds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything that binds; a bandage; the cover of a book, or the cover with the sewing, etc.; something that secures the edge of cloth from raveling.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <tt>pl.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The transoms, knees, beams, keelson, and other chief timbers used for connecting and strengthening the parts of a vessel.</def>

<h1>Bindingly</h1>
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<hw>Bind"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to bind.</def>

<h1>Bindingness</h1>
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<hw>Bind"ing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or property of being binding; obligatory quality.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Bindweed</h1>
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<hw>Bind"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Convolvulus</i>; <as>as, greater <ex>bindweed</ex> <spn>(C. Sepium)</spn>; lesser <i>bindweed</i> <spn>(C. arvensis)</spn>; the white, the blue, the Syrian, <i>bindweed</i>. The black bryony, or <i>Tamus</i>, is called <i>black bindweed</i>, and the <i>Smilax aspera</i>, <i>rough bindweed</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The fragile <b>bindweed</b> bells and bryony rings.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bine</h1>
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<hw>Bine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<er>Bind</er>, cf. <er>Woodbine</er>.]</ety> <def>The winding or twining stem of a hop vine or other climbing plant.</def>

<h1>Binervate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*nerv"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>nervus</ets> sinew, nerve.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Two-nerved; -- applied to leaves which have two longitudinal ribs or nerves.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having only two nerves, as the wings of some insects.</def>

<h1>Bing</h1>
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<hw>Bing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>bingr</ets>, Sw. <ets>binge</ets>, G. <ets>beige</ets>, <ets>beuge</ets>. Cf. Prov. E. <ets>bink</ets> bench, and <ets>bench coal</ets> the uppermost stratum of coal.]</ety> <def>A heap or pile; <as>as, a <ex>bing</ex> of wood</as>.</def> "Potato <i>bings</i>." <i>Burns</i>. "A <i>bing</i> of corn." <i>Surrey</i>. <mark>[Obs. or Dial. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Biniodide</h1>
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<hw>Bin*i"o*dide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Diiodide</er>.</def>

<h1>Bink</h1>
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<hw>Bink</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bench.</def> <mark>[North of Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Binnacle</h1>
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<hw>Bin"na*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>bittacle</ets>, corrupted (perh. by influence of <ets>bin</ets>) fr. Pg. <ets>bitacola</ets> binnacle, fr. L. <ets>habitaculum</ets> dwelling place, fr. <ets>habitare</ets> to dwell. See <er>Habit</er>, and cf. <er>Bittacle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A case or box placed near the helmsman, containing the compass of a ship, and a light to show it at night.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Binny</h1>
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<hw>Bin"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large species of barbel (<spn>Barbus bynni</spn>), found in the Nile, and much esteemed for food.</def>

<h1>Binocle</h1>
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<hw>Bin"o*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>binocle</ets>; L. <ets>bini</ets> two at a time + <ets>oculus</ets> eye.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A dioptric telescope, fitted with two tubes joining, so as to enable a person to view an object with both eyes at once; a double-barreled field glass or an opera glass.</def>

<h1>Binocular</h1>
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<hw>Bin*oc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>binoculaire</ets>. See <er>Binocle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having two eyes.</def> "Most animals are <i>binocular</i>."

<i>Derham.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to both eyes; employing both eyes at once; <as>as, <ex>binocular</ex> vision</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Adapted to the use of both eyes; <as>as, a <ex>binocular</ex> microscope or telescope</as>.</def>

<i>Brewster.</i>

<h1>Binocular</h1>
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<hw>Bin*oc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A binocular glass, whether opera glass, telescope, or microscope.</def>

<h1>Binocularly</h1>
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<hw>Bin*oc"u*lar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a binocular manner.</def>

<h1>Binoculate</h1>
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<hw>Bin*oc"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having two eyes.</def>

<h1>Binomial</h1>
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<hw>Bi*no"mi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>nomen</ets> name: cf. F. <ets>binome</ets>, LL. <ets>binomius</ets> (or fr. <ets>bi-</ets> + Gr. <ets><?/</ets> distribution ?). Cf. <er>Monomial</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>An expression consisting of two terms connected by the sign plus (+) or minus (-); <as>as, a+b, or 7-3</as>.</def>

<h1>Binomial</h1>
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<hw>Bi*no"mi*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of two terms; pertaining to binomials; <as>as, a <ex>binomial</ex> root</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Having two names; -- used of the system by which every animal and plant receives two names, the one indicating the genus, the other the species, to which it belongs.</def>

<cs><col>Binomial theorem</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>the theorem which expresses the law of formation of any power of a binomial.</cd></cs>

<h1>Binominal</h1>
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<hw>Bi*nom"i*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Binomial</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to two names; binomial.</def>

<h1>Binominous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*nom"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Binominal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Binotonous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*not"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bini</ets> two at a time + <ets>tonus</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, tone.]</ety> <def>Consisting of two notes; <as>as, a <ex>binotonous</ex> cry</as>.</def>

<h1>Binous</h1>
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<hw>Bi"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Binate</er>.</def>

<h1>Binoxalate</h1>
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<hw>Bin*ox"a*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bin-</ets> + <ets>oxalate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt having two equivalents of oxalic acid to one of the base; an acid oxalate.</def>

<h1>Binoxide</h1>
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<hw>Bin*ox"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bin-</ets> + <ets>oxide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Dioxide</er>.</def>

<h1>Binturong</h1>
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<hw>Bin"tu*rong</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small Asiatic civet of the genus <i>Arctilis</i>.</def>

<h1>Binuclear, Binucleate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*nu"cle*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*nu"cle*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>nuclear</ets>, <ets>nucleate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having two nuclei; <as>as, <ex>binucleate</ex> cells</as>.</def>

<h1>Binucleolate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*nu"cle*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>nucleolus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having two nucleoli.</def>

<h1>Bioblast</h1>
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<hw>Bi"o*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Bioplast</er>.</def>

<h1>Biocellate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*oc"el*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>ocellatus</ets>. See <er>Ocellated</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two ocelli (eyelike spots); -- said of a wing, etc.</def>

<h1>Biochemistry</h1>
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<hw>Bi`o*chem"is*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + E. <ets>chemistry</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The chemistry of living organisms; the chemistry of the processes incidental to, and characteristic of, life.</def>

<h1>Biodynamics</h1>
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<hw>Bi`o*dy*nam"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + E. <ets>dynamics</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The doctrine of vital forces or energy.</def>

<h1>Biogen</h1>
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<hw>Bi"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Bioplasm.</def>

<h1>Biogenesis, Biogeny</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi`o*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*og"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, birth.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A doctrine that the genesis or production of living organisms can take place only through the agency of living germs or parents; -- opposed to <contr>abiogenesis</contr>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Life development generally.</def>

<h1>Biogenetic</h1>
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<hw>Bi`o*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to biogenesis.</def>

<h1>Biogenist</h1>
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<hw>Bi*og"e*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A believer in the theory of biogenesis.</def>

<h1>Biognosis</h1>
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<hw>Bi`og*no"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life  + <ets><?/</ets> investigation.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The investigation of life.</def>

<h1>Biographer</h1>
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<hw>Bi*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who writes an account or history of the life of a particular person; a writer of lives, as Plutarch.</def>

<h1>Biographic, Biographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi"o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi`o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to biography; containing biography.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bi`o*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Biographize</h1>
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<hw>Bi*og"ra*phize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To write a history of the life of.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Biography</h1>
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<hw>Bi*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Biographies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> to write: cf. F. <ets>biographie</ets>. See <er>Graphic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The written history of a person's life.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Biographical writings in general.</def>

<h1>Biologic, Biological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi`o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to biology.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bi`o*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Biologist</h1>
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<hw>Bi*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A student of biology; one versed in the science of biology.</def>

<h1>Biology</h1>
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<hw>Bi*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>biologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of life; that branch of knowledge which treats of living matter as distinct from matter which is not living; the study of living tissue. It has to do with the origin, structure, development, function, and distribution of animals and plants.</def>

<h1>Biolysis</h1>
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<hw>Bi*ol"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> a dissolving.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The destruction of life.</def>

<h1>Biolytic</h1>
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<hw>Bi`o*lyt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> to destroy.]</ety> <def>Relating to the destruction of life.</def>

<h1>Biomagnetic</h1>
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<hw>Bi`o*mag*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to biomagnetism.</def>

<h1>Biomagnetism</h1>
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<hw>Bi`o*mag"net*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + E. <ets>magnetism</ets>.]</ety> <def>Animal magnetism.</def>

<h1>Biometry</h1>
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<hw>Bi*om"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>Measurement of life; calculation of the probable duration of human life.</def>

<h1>Bion</h1>
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<hw>Bi"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> living, <tt>p. pr.</tt> of <ets><?/</ets> to live.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The physiological individual, characterized by definiteness and independence of function, in distinction from the morphological individual or <i>morphon</i>.</def>

<h1>Bionomy</h1>
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<hw>Bi*on"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.  <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> law.]</ety> <def>Physiology.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Biophor Biophore</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi"o*phor` Bi"o*phore`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> bearing, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the smaller vital units of a cell, the bearer of vitality and heredity. See Pangen, in Supplement.</def>

<h1>Bioplasm</h1>
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<hw>Bi"o*plasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> form, mold, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to mold.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A name suggested by Dr. Beale for the germinal matter supposed to be essential to the functions of all living beings; the material through which every form of life manifests itself; unaltered protoplasm.</def>

<hr>
<page="147">
Page 147<p>

<h1>Bioplasmic</h1>
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<hw>Bi`o*plas"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or consisting of, bioplasm.</def>

<h1>Bioplast</h1>
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<hw>Bi"o*plast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> to form.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A tiny mass of bioplasm, in itself a living unit and having formative power, as a living white blood corpuscle; bioblast.</def>

<h1>Bioplastic</h1>
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<hw>Bi`o*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Bioplasmic.</def>

<h1>Biorgan</h1>
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<hw>Bi*or"gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + E. <ets>organ</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A physiological organ; a living organ; an organ endowed with function; -- distinguished from <i>idorgan</i>.</def>

<h1>Biostatics</h1>
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<hw>Bi`o*stat"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets>. See <er>Statics</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The physical phenomena of organized bodies, in opposition to their organic or vital phenomena.</def>

<h1>Biostatistics</h1>
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<hw>Bi`o*sta*tis"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + E. <ets>statistics</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Vital statistics.</def>

<h1>Biotaxy</h1>
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<hw>Bi"o*tax`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> arrangement.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The classification of living organisms according to their structural character; taxonomy.</def>

<h1>Biotic</h1>
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<hw>Bi*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> pert. to life.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to life; <as>as, the <ex>biotic</ex> principle</as>.</def>

<h1>Biotite</h1>
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<hw>Bi"o*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Biot</ets>, a French naturalist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Mica containing iron and magnesia, generally of a black or dark green color; -- a common constituent of crystalline rocks. See <er>Mica</er>.</def>

<h1>Bipalmate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*pal"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>palmate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Palmately branched, with the branches again palmated.</def>

<h1>Biparietal</h1>
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<hw>Bi`pa*ri"e*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>parietal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the diameter of the cranium, from one parietal fossa to the other.</def>

<h1>Biparous</h1>
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<hw>Bip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>parere</ets> to bring forth.]</ety> <def>Bringing forth two at a birth.</def>

<h1>Bipartible</h1>
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<hw>Bi*part"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bipartible</ets>. See <er>Bipartite</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being divided into two parts.</def>

<h1>Bipartient</h1>
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<hw>Bi*par"tient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>partiens</ets>, <tt>p. pr.</tt> of <ets>partire</ets> to divide.]</ety> <def>Dividing into two parts.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A number that divides another into two equal parts without a remainder.</def></def2>

<h1>Bipartile</h1>
<Xpage=147>

<hw>Bi*par"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Divisible into two parts.</def>

<h1>Bipartite</h1>
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<hw>Bip"ar*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bipartitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>bipartire</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>partire</ets>. See <er>Partite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being in two parts; having two correspondent parts, as a legal contract or writing, one for each party; shared by two; <as>as, a <ex>bipartite</ex> treaty</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Divided into two parts almost to the base, as a leaf; consisting of two parts or subdivisions.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Bipartition</h1>
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<hw>Bi`par*ti"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of dividing into two parts, or of making two correspondent parts, or the state of being so divided.</def>

<h1>Bipectinate, Bipectinated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*pec"ti*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*pec"ti*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>pectinate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having two margins toothed like a comb.</def>

<h1>Biped</h1>
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<hw>Bi"ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bipes</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, <?/oot: cf. F. <ets>bip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <def>A two-footed animal, as man.</def>

<h1>Biped</h1>
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<hw>Bi"ped</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having two feet; two-footed.</def>

<blockquote>By which the man, when heavenly life was ceased,
Became a helpless, naked, <b>biped</b> beast.
<i>Byrom.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bipedal</h1>
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<hw>Bip"e*dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bipedalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bip\'82dal</ets>. See <er>Biped</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having two feet; biped.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to a biped.</def>

<h1>Bipeltate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*pel"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>peltate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a shell or covering like a double shield.</def>

<h1>Bipennate, Bipennated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*pen"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*pen"na*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>pennate</ets>: cf. L. <ets>bipennis</ets>. Cf. <er>Bipinnate</er>.]</ety> <def>Having two wings.</def> "<i>Bipennated</i> insects."

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Bipennis</h1>
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<hw>Bi*pen"nis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>An ax with an edge or blade on each side of the handle.</def>

<h1>Bipetalous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>petalous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two petals.</def>

<h1>Bipinnaria</h1>
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<hw>Bi`pin*na"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>pinna</ets> feather.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of certain starfishes as developed in the free-swimming stage.</def>

<h1>Bipinnate, Bipinnated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*pin"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*pin"na*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>pinnate</ets>; cf. F. <ets>bipinn\'82</ets>. Cf. <er>Bipennate</er>.]</ety> <def>Twice pinnate.</def>

<h1>Bipinnatifid</h1>
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<hw>Bi`pin*nat"i*fid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>pinnatifid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Doubly pinnatifid.</def>

<note>A <i>bipinnatifid leaf</i> is a pinnatifid leaf having its segments or divisions also pinnatifid. The primary divisions are pinn\'91 and the secondary <i>pinnules</i>.</note>

<h1>Biplicate</h1>
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<hw>Bip"li*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>plicate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Twice folded together.</def>

<i>Henslow.</i>

<h1>Biplicity</h1>
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<hw>Bi*plic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being twice folded; reduplication.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Bipolar</h1>
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<hw>Bi*po"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>polar</ets>. Cf. <er>Dipolar</er>.]</ety> <def>Doubly polar; having two poles; <as>as, a <ex>bipolar</ex> cell or corpuscle</as>.</def>

<h1>Bipolarity</h1>
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<hw>Bi`po*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bipolar quality.</def>

<h1>Bipont, Bipontine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi"pont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*pont"ine</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bibliog.)</fld> <def>Relating to books printed at Deuxponts, or Bipontium (Zweibr\'81cken), in Bavaria.</def>

<h1>Bipunctate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*punc"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>punctate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two punctures, or spots.</def>

<h1>Bipunctual</h1>
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<hw>Bi*punc"tu*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having two points.</def>

<h1>Bipupillate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*pu"pil*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>pupil</ets> (of the eye).]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having an eyelike spot on the wing, with two dots within it of a different color, as in some butterflies.</def>

<h1>Bipyramidal</h1>
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<hw>Bi`py*ram"i*dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>pyramidal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of two pyramids placed base to base; having a pyramid at each of the extremities of a prism, as in quartz crystals.</def>

<h1>Biquadrate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*quad"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>quadrate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The fourth power, or the square of the square. Thus 4x4=16, the square of 4, and 16x16=256, the <i>biquadrate</i> of 4.</def>

<h1>Biquadratic</h1>
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<hw>Bi`quad*rat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>quadratic</ets>: cf. F. <ets>biquadratique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the biquadrate, or fourth power.</def>

<cs><col>Biquadratic equation</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>an equation of the fourth degree, or an equation in some term of which the unknown quantity is raised to the fourth power.</cd> -- <col>Biquadratic root of a number</col>, <cd>the square root of the square root of that number. Thus the square root of 81 is 9, and the square root of 9 is 3, which is the <i>biquadratic<i> root of 81. Hutton.</cd></cs>

<h1>Biquadratic</h1>
<Xpage=147>

<hw>Bi`quad*rat"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A biquadrate.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A biquadratic equation.</def>

<h1>Biquintile</h1>
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<hw>Bi*quin"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>quintile</ets>: cf. F. <ets>biquintile</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An aspect of the planets when they are distant from each other by <i>twice the fifth</i> part of a great circle -- that is, twice 72 degrees.</def>

<h1>Biradiate, Biradiated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*ra"di*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*ra"di*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>radiate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two rays; <as>as, a <ex>biradiate</ex> fin</as>.</def>

<h1>Biramous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*ra"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>ramous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having, or consisting of, two branches.</def>

<h1>Birch</h1>
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<hw>Birch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Birches</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>birche</ets>, <ets>birk</ets>, AS. <ets>birce</ets>, <ets>beorc</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bj\'94rk</ets>, Sw. <ets>bj\'94rk</ets>, Dan. <ets>birk</ets>, D. <ets>berk</ets>, OHG. <ets>piricha</ets>, MHG. <ets>birche</ets>, <ets>birke</ets>, G. <ets>birke</ets>, Russ. <ets>bereza</ets>, Pol. <ets>brzoza</ets>, Serv. <ets>breza</ets>, Skr. <ets>bh<?/rja</ets>. &root;254. Cf. 1st <er>Birk</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tree of several species, constituting the genus <spn>Betula</spn>; <as>as, the white or common birch <spn>(B. alba)</spn> (also called silver birch and lady birch); the dwarf birch <spn>(B. glandulosa)</spn>; the paper or canoe birch <spn>(B. papyracea)</spn>; the yellow birch <spn>(B. lutea)</spn>; the black or cherry birch <spn>(B. lenta)</spn>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The wood or timber of the birch.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A birch twig or birch twigs, used for flogging.</def>

<note>&hand; The twigs of the common European birch (B. alba), being tough and slender, were formerly much used for rods in schools. They were also made into brooms.</note>

<blockquote>The threatening twigs of <b>birch</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A birch-bark canoe.</def>

<cs><col>Birch of Jamaica</col>, <cd>a species (<spn>Bursera gummifera</spn>) of turpentine tree.</cd> -- <col>Birch partridge</col>. <cd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> See <er>Ruffed grouse</er>.</cd> -- <col>Birch wine</col>, <cd>wine made of the spring sap of the birch.</cd> -- <col>Oil of birch</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> An oil obtained from the bark of the common European birch (<spn>Betula alba</spn>), and used in the preparation of genuine ( and sometimes of the imitation) Russia leather, to which it gives its peculiar odor. <sd>(b)</sd> An oil prepared from the black birch <spn>(B. lenta)</spn>, said to be identical with the oil of wintergreen, for which it is largely sold.</cd></cs>

<h1>Birch</h1>
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<hw>Birch</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the birch; birchen.</def>

<h1>Birch</h1>
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<hw>Birch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Birched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Birching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To whip with a birch rod or twig; to flog.</def>

<h1>Birchen</h1>
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<hw>Birch"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to birch.</def>

<blockquote>He passed where Newark's stately tower
Looks out from Yarrow's <b>birchen</b> bower.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bird</h1>
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<hw>Bird</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brid</ets>, <ets>bred</ets>, <ets>bird</ets>, young bird, bird, AS. <ets>bridd</ets> young bird. <?/92.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Orig., a chicken; the young of a fowl; a young eaglet; a nestling; and hence, a feathered flying animal (see 2).</def>

<blockquote>That ungentle gull, the cuckoo's <b>bird</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>brydds</b> [birds] of the aier have nestes.
<i>Tyndale (Matt. viii. 20).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A warm-blooded, feathered vertebrate provided with wings. See <er>Aves</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Specifically, among sportsmen, a game bird.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fig.: A girl; a maiden.</def>

<blockquote>And by my word! the bonny <b>bird</b>
In danger shall not tarry.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Arabian bird</col>, <cd>the phenix.</cd> -- <col>Bird of Jove</col>, <cd>the eagle.</cd> -- <col>Bird of Juno</col>, <cd>the peacock.</cd> -- <col>Bird louse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a wingless insect of the group Mallophaga, of which the genera and species are very numerous and mostly parasitic upon birds. -- Bird mite <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, a small mite (genera <spn>Dermanyssus</spn>, <spn>Dermaleichus</spn> and allies) parasitic upon birds. The species are numerous.</cd> -- <col>Bird of passage</col>, <cd>a migratory bird.</cd> -- <col>Bird spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large South American spider (<spn>Mygale avicularia</spn>). It is said sometimes to capture and kill small birds.</cd> -- <col>Bird tick</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a dipterous insect parasitic upon birds (genus <spn>Ornithomyia</spn>, and allies), usually winged.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bird</h1>
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<hw>Bird</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To catch or shoot birds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: To seek for game or plunder; to thieve.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Birdbolt</h1>
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<hw>Bird"bolt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A short blunt arrow for killing birds without piercing them. Hence: Anything which smites without penetrating.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bird cage, &or; Birdcage</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bird" cage"</hw>, &or; <hw>Bird"cage`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cage for confining birds.</def>

<h1>Birdcall</h1>
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<hw>Bird"call`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sound made in imitation of the note or cry of a bird for the purpose of decoying the bird or its mate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument of any kind, as a whistle, used in making the sound of a birdcall.</def>

<h1>Birdcatcher</h1>
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<hw>Bird"catch`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose employment it is to catch birds; a fowler.</def>

<h1>Birdcatching</h1>
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<hw>Bird"catch`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art, act, or occupation or catching birds or wild fowls.</def>

<h1>Bird cherry</h1>
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<hw>Bird" cher`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shrub (<spn>Prunus Padus</spn> ) found in Northern and Central Europe. It bears small black cherries.</def>

<h1>Birder</h1>
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<hw>Bird"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A birdcatcher.</def>

<h1>Bird-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Bird"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Quick-sighted; catching a glance as one goes.</def>

<h1>Bird fancier</h1>
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<hw>Bird" fan`ci*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who takes pleasure in rearing or collecting rare or curious birds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who has for sale the various kinds of birds which are kept in cages.</def>

<h1>Birdie</h1>
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<hw>Bird"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pretty or dear little bird; -- a pet name.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Birdikin</h1>
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<hw>Bird"i*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A young bird.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Birding</h1>
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<hw>Bird"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Birdcatching or fowling.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Birding piece</col>, <cd>a fowling piece.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Birdlet</h1>
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<hw>Bird"let</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little bird; a nestling.</def>

<h1>Birdlike</h1>
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<hw>Bird"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a bird.</def>

<h1>Birdlime</h1>
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<hw>Bird"lime`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bird</ets> + <ets>lime</ets> viscous substance.]</ety> <def>An extremely adhesive viscid substance, usually made of the middle bark of the holly, by boiling, fermenting, and cleansing it. When a twig is smeared with this substance it will hold small birds which may light upon it. Hence: Anything which insnares.</def>

<blockquote>Not <b>birdlime</b> or Idean pitch produce
A more tenacious mass of clammy juice.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Birdlime</i> is also made from mistletoe, elder, etc.</note>

<h1>Birdlime</h1>
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<hw>Bird"lime`</hw>, <tt>v. t. T</tt><def>o smear with birdlime; to catch with birdlime; to insnare.</def>

<blockquote>When the heart is thus <b>birdlimed</b>, then it cleaves to everything it meets with.
<i>Coodwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Birdling</h1>
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<hw>Bird"ling</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little bird; a nestling.</def>

<h1>Birdman</h1>
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<hw>Bird"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fowler or birdcatcher.</def>

<h1>Bird of paradise</h1>
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<hw>Bird" of par"a*dise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The name of several very beautiful birds of the genus <spn>Paradisea</spn> and allied genera, inhabiting New Guinea and the adjacent islands. The males have brilliant colors, elegant plumes, and often remarkable tail feathers.</def>

<note>&hand; The <stype>Great emerald</stype> (<spn>Paradisea apoda</spn>) and the <stype>Lesser emerald</stype> <spn>(P. minor)</spn> furnish many of the plumes used as ornaments by ladies; the <i>Red</i> is <spn>P. rubra</spn> or <spn>sanguinea</spn>; the <i>Golden</i> is <spn>Parotia aurea</spn> or <spn>sexsetacea</spn>; the <i>King</i> is <spn>Cincinnurus regius</spn>.

The name is also applied to the longer-billed birds of another related group (<spn>Epimachin\'91</spn>) from the same region. The Twelve-wired (<spn>Seleucides alba</spn>) is one of these. See <er>Paradise bird</er>, and Note under <er>Apod</er>.</note>

<h1>Bird pepper</h1>
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<hw>Bird" pep`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A species of capsicum (<spn>Capsicum baccatum</spn>), whose small, conical, coral-red fruit is among the most piquant of all red peppers.</def>

<h1>Bird's-beak</h1>
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<hw>Bird's"-beak`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A molding whose section is thought to resemble a beak.</def>

<h1>Birdseed</h1>
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<hw>Bird"seed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Canary seed, hemp, millet or other small seeds used for feeding caged birds.</def>

<h1>Bird's-eye</h1>
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<hw>Bird's"-eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Seen from above, as if by a flying bird; embraced at a glance; hence, general<?/ not minute, or entering into details; <as>as, a <ex>bird's-eye</ex> view</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Marked with spots resembling bird's eyes; <as>as, <ex>bird's-eye</ex> diaper; <ex>bird's-eye</ex> maple.</as></def>

<h1>Bird's-eye</h1>
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<hw>Bird's"-eye`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant with a small bright flower, as the Adonis or pheasant's eye, the mealy primrose (<spn>Primula farinosa</spn>), and species of Veronica, Geranium, etc.</def>

<h1>Bird's-eye maple</h1>
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<hw>Bird's"-eye` ma"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Maple</er>.</def>

<h1>Bird's-foot</h1>
<Xpage=147>

<hw>Bird's"-foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A papilionaceous plant, the <i>Ornithopus</i>, having a curved, cylindrical pod tipped with a short, clawlike point.</def>

<cs><col>Bird's-foot trefoil</col>. <cd><fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> A genus of plants (<spn>Lotus</spn>) with clawlike pods. <spn>L. corniculatas</spn>, with yellow flowers, is very common in Great Britain. <sd>(b)</sd> the related plant, <spn>Trigonella ornithopodioides</spn>, is also European.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bird's-mouth</h1>
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<hw>Bird's-mouth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An interior a<?/gle or notch cut across a piece of timber, for the reception of the edge of another, as that in a rafter to be laid on a plate; -- commonly called <i>crow's-foot</i> in the United States.</def>

<h1>Bird's nest, &or; Bird's-nest</h1>
<Xpage=147>

<hw><hw>Bird's" nest`</hw>, &or; <hw>Bird's-nest</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The nest in which a bird lays eggs and hatches her young.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>The nest of a small swallow (<spn>Collocalia nidifica</spn> and several allied species), of China and the neighboring countries, which is mixed with soups.</def>

<note>&hand; The nests are found in caverns and fissures of cliffs on rocky coasts, and are composed in part of alg\'91. They are of the size of a goose egg, and in substance resemble isinglass. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Edible</er>.</note>

<hr>
<page="148">
Page 148<p>


<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An orchideous plant with matted roots, of the genus <spn>Neottia</spn> <spn>(N. nidus-avis.)</spn></def>

<cs><col>Bird's-nest pudding</col>, <cd>a pudding containing apples whose cores have been replaces by sugar.</cd> -- <col>Yellow bird's nest</col>, <cd>a plant, the <i>Monotropa hypopitys<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bird's-nesting</h1>
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<hw>Bird's-nest`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hunting for, or taking, birds' nests or their contents.</def>

<h1>Bird's-tongue</h1>
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<hw>Bird's"-tongue`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The knotgrass (<spn>Polygonum aviculare</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bird-witted</h1>
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<hw>Bird"-wit`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Flighty; passing rapidly from one subject to another; not having the faculty of attention.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Birectangular</h1>
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<hw>Bi`rec*tan"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>rectangular</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing or having two right angles; <as>as, a <ex>birectangular</ex> spherical triangle</as>.</def>

<h1>Bireme</h1>
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<hw>Bi"reme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>biremis</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>remus</ets> oar: cf. F. <ets>bir\'8ame</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ancient galley or vessel with two banks or tiers of oars.</def>

<h1>Biretta</h1>
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<hw>Bi*ret"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Berretta</er>.</def>

<h1>Birgander</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bir"gan*der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bergander</er>.</def>

<h1>Birk</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Birk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Birch</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A birch tree.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> "The silver <i>birk</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Birk</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Birk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European minnow (<spn>Leuciscus phoxinus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Birken</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Birk"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From  1st <er>Birk</er>.]</ety> <def>To whip with a birch or rod.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Birken</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Birk"en</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Birchen; <as>as, <ex>birken</ex> groves</as>.</def>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Birkie</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bir"kie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lively or mettlesome fellow.</def> <mark>[Jocular, Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Birl</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Birl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To revolve or cause to revolve; to spin.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Birl</h1>
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<hw>Birl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>byrlian</ets>. <?/92.]</ety> <def>To pour (beer or wine); to ply with drink; to drink; to carouse.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial.]</mark>

<i> Skelton.</i>

<h1>Birlaw</h1>
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<hw>Bir"law</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>By</er><er>-law</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A law made by husbandmen respecting rural affairs; a rustic or local law or by-law.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>byrlaw</asp>, <asp>birlie</asp>, <asp>birley</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Birostrate, Birostrated</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw><hw>Bi*ros`trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*ros"tra*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>rostrate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a double beak, or two processes resembling beaks.</def>

<blockquote>The capsule is bilocular and <b>birostrated</b>.
<i>Ed. Encyc.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Birr</h1>
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<hw>Birr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Birred</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Birring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>bur</ets>, <ets>bir</ets>, wind, storm wind, fr. Icel. <ets>byrr</ets> wind. Perh. imitative.]</ety> <def>To make, or move with, a whirring noise, as of wheels in motion.</def>

<h1>Birr</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Birr</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A whirring sound, as of a spinning wheel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rush or impetus; force.</def>

<h1>Birrus</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bir"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., fr. L. <ets>birrus</ets> a kind of cloak. See <er>Berretta</er>.]</ety> <def>A coarse kind of thick woolen cloth, worn by the poor in the Middle Ages; also, a woolen cap or hood worn over the shoulders or over the head.</def>

<h1>Birse</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Birse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bristle or bristles.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Birt</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Birt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>byrte</ets>; cf. F. <ets>bertonneau</ets>. Cf. <er>Bret</er>, <er>Burt</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the turbot kind; the brill.</def>  <altsp>[Written also <asp>burt</asp>, <asp>bret</asp>, or <asp>brut</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Birth</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Birth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>burth</ets>, <ets>birth</ets>, AS. <ets>beor<?/</ets>, <ets>gebyrd</ets>, fr. <ets>beran</ets> to bear, bring forth; akin to D. <ets>geboorate</ets>, OHG. <ets>burt</ets>, <ets>giburt</ets>, G. <ets>geburt</ets>, Icel. <ets>bur<?/r</ets>, Skr. <ets>bhrti</ets> bearing, supporting; cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>beirthe</ets> born, brought forth. <?/92. See 1st <er>Bear</er>, and cf. <er>Berth</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or fact of coming into life, or of being born; -- generally applied to human beings; <as>as, the <ex>birth</ex> of a son</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lineage; extraction; descent; sometimes, high birth; noble extraction.</def>

<blockquote>Elected without reference to <b>birth</b>, but solely for qualifications.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The condition to which a person is born; natural state or position; inherited disposition or tendency.</def>

<blockquote>A foe by <b>birth</b> to Troy's unhappy name.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of bringing forth; <as>as, she had two children at a <ex>birth</ex></as>.</def> "At her next <i>birth</i>."

<i> Milton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which is born; that which is produced, whether animal or vegetable.</def>

<blockquote>Poets are far rarer <b>births</b> that kings.
<i> B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Others hatch their eggs and tend the <b>birth</b> till it is able to shift for itself.
<i> Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Origin; beginning; <as>as, the birth of an empire</as>.</def>

<cs><col>New birth</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>regeneration, or the commencement of a religious life.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Parentage; extraction; lineage; race; family.</syn>

<h1>Birth</h1>
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<hw>Birth</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Berth</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>De Foe.</i>

<h1>Birthday</h1>
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<hw>Birth"day`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The day in which any person is born; day of origin or commencement.</def>

<blockquote>Those barbarous ages past, succeeded next
The <b>birthday</b> of invention.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The day of the month in which a person was born, in whatever succeeding year it may recur; the anniversary of one's birth.</def>

<blockquote>This is my <b>birthday</b>; as this very day
Was Cassius born.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Birthday</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Birth"day`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the day of birth, or its anniversary; <as>as, <ex>birthday</ex> gifts or festivities</as>.</def>

<h1>Birthdom</h1>
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<hw>Birth"dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Birth</ets> + <ets>-dom</ets>.]</ety> <def>The land of one's birth; one's inheritance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Birthing</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Birth"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Anything added to raise the sides of a ship.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Birthless</h1>
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<hw>Birth"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of mean extraction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Birthmark</h1>
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<hw>Birth"mark`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Some peculiar mark or blemish on the body at birth.</def>

<blockquote>Most part of this noble lineage carried upon their body for a natural <b>birthmark</b>, . . . a snake.
<i>Sir T. North.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Birthnight</h1>
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<hw>Birth"night`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The night in which a person is born; the anniversary of that night in succeeding years.</def>

<blockquote>The angelic song in Bethlehem field,
On thy <b>birthnight</b>, that sung thee Savior born.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Birthplace</h1>
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<hw>Birth"place`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The town, city, or country, where a person is born; place of origin or birth, in its more general sense.</def> "The <i>birthplace</i> of valor."

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Birthright</h1>
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<hw>Birth"right`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any right, privilege, or possession to which a person is entitled by birth, such as an estate descendible by law to an heir, or civil liberty under a free constitution; esp. the rights or inheritance of the first born.</def>

<blockquote>Lest there be any . . . profane person, as Esau, who for one morsel of meat sold his <b>birthright</b>.
<i>Heb. xii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Birthroot</h1>
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<hw>Birth"root`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herbaceous plant (<spn>Trillium erectum</spn>), and its astringent rootstock, which is said to have medicinal properties.</def>

<h1>Birthwort</h1>
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<hw>Birth"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A genus of herbs and shrubs (<spn>Aristolochia</spn>), reputed to have medicinal properties.</def>

<h1>Bis</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice, for <ets>duis</ets>, fr. root of <ets>duo</ets> two. See <er>Two</er>, and cf. <er>Bi-</er>.]</ety> <def>Twice; -- a word showing that something is, or is to be, repeated; as a passage of music, or an item in accounts.</def>

<h1>Bis</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bis*</hw>, <tt>pref.</tt> <def>A form of <er>Bi-</er>, sometimes used before <i>s</i>, <i>c</i>, or a vowel.</def>

<h1>Bisa antelope</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bi"sa an"te*lope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Oryx</er>.</def>

<h1>Bisaccate</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bi*sac"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>saccate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two little bags, sacs, or pouches.</def>

<h1>Biscayan</h1>
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<hw>Bis*cay"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Biscay in Spain.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A native or inhabitant of Biscay.</def></def2>

<h1>Biscotin</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bis"co*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>biscotin</ets>. See <er>Biscuit</er>.]</ety> <def>A confection made of flour, sugar, marmalade, and eggs; a sweet biscuit.</def>

<h1>Biscuit</h1>
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<hw>Bis"cuit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>biscuit</ets> (cf. It. <ets>biscotto</ets>, Sp. <ets>bizcocho</ets>, Pg. <ets>biscouto</ets>), fr. L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>coctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>coquere</ets> to cook, bake. See <er>Cook</er>, and cf. <er>Bisque</er> a kind of porcelain.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of unraised bread, of many varieties, plain, sweet, or fancy, formed into flat cakes, and bakes hard; <as>as, ship <ex>biscuit</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>According to military practice, the bread or <b>biscuit</b> of the Romans was twice prepared in the oven.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small loaf or cake of bread, raised and shortened, or made light with soda or baking powder. Usually a number are baked in the same pan, forming a sheet or card.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Earthen ware or porcelain which has undergone the first baking, before it is subjected to the glazing.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Sculp.)</fld> <def>A species of white, unglazed porcelain, in which vases, figures, and groups are formed in miniature.</def>

<cs><col>Meat biscuit</col>, <cd>an alimentary preparation consisting of matters extracted from meat by boiling, or of meat ground fine and combined with flour, so as to form biscuits.</cd></cs>

<h1>Biscutate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*scu"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>scutate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resembling two bucklers placed side by side.</def>

<h1>Bise</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A cold north wind which prevails on the northern coasts of the Mediterranean and in Switzerland, etc.; -- nearly the same as the <i>mistral</i>.</def>

<h1>Bise</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bice</er>.</def>

<h1>Bisect</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bi*sect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bisected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bisecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>secare</ets>, <ets>sectum</ets>, to cut.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut or divide into two parts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>To divide into two equal parts.</def>

<h1>Bisection</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bi*sec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bissection</ets>.]</ety> <def>Division into two parts, esp. two equal parts.</def>

<h1>Bisector</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sec"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, bisects; esp. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> a straight line which bisects an angle.</def>

<h1>Bisectrix</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bi*sec"trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The line bisecting the angle between the optic axes of a biaxial crystal.</def>

<h1>Bisegment</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bi*seg"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>segment</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of tow equal parts of a line, or other magnitude.</def>

<h1>Biseptate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sep"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>septate</ets>.]</ety> <def>With two partitions or septa.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Biserial, Biseriate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*se"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*se"ri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>serial</ets>, <ets>seriate</ets>.]</ety> <def>In two rows or series.</def>

<h1>Biserrate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*ser"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>serrate</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Doubly serrate, or having the serratures serrate, as in some leaves.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Serrate on both sides, as some antenn\'91.</def>

<h1>Bisetose, Bisetous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*se"tose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*se"tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>setose</ets>, <ets>setous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two bristles.</def>

<h1>Bisexous</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bi*sex"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>sexus</ets> sex: cf. F. <ets>bissexe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bisexual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Bisexual</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sex"u*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>sexual</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of both sexes; hermaphrodite; as a flower with stamens and pistil, or an animal having ovaries and testes.</def>

<h1>Bisexuous</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bi*sex"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bisexual.</def>

<h1>Biseye</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bi*seye"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Besee</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Evil biseye</col>, <cd>ill looking. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Bish</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bikh</er>.</def>

<h1>Bishop</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bish"op</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bischop</ets>, <ets>biscop</ets>, <ets>bisceop</ets>, AS. <ets>bisceop</ets>, <ets>biscop</ets>, L. <ets>episcopus</ets> overseer, superintendent, bishop, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets> over + <ets><?/</ets> inspector, fr. root of <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, to look to, perh.  akin to L. <ets>specere</ets> to look at. See <er>Spy</er>, and cf. <er>Episcopal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A spiritual overseer, superintendent, or director.</def>

<blockquote>Ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and <b>Bishop</b> of your souls.
<i>1 Pet. ii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is a fact now generally recognized by theologians of all shades of opinion, that in the language of the New Testament the same officer in the church is called indifferently "bishop" ( <?/ ) and "elder" or "presbyter."
<i> J. B. Lightfoot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the Roman Catholic, Greek, and Anglican or Protestant Episcopal churches, one ordained to the highest order of the ministry, superior to the priesthood, and generally claiming to be a successor of the Apostles. The bishop is usually the spiritual head or ruler of a diocese, bishopric, or see.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Bishop in partibus</col> [<col>infidelium</col>] </mcol> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>a bishop of a see which does not actually exist; one who has the office of bishop, without especial jurisdiction. <i>Shipley</i>.</cd> -- <col>Titular bishop</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>a term officially substituted in 1882 for bishop in partibus.</cd> -- <col>Bench of Bishops</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bench</er>.</cd></cs>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In the Methodist Episcopal and some other churches, one of the highest church officers or superintendents.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A piece used in the game of chess, bearing a representation of a bishop's miter; -- formerly called <i>archer</i>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A beverage, being a mixture of wine, oranges or lemons, and sugar.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An old name for a woman's bustle.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<blockquote>If, by her <b>bishop</b>, or her "grace" alone,
A genuine lady, or a church, is known.
<i>Saxe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bishop</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bish"op</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bishoped</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bishoping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To admit into the church by confirmation; to confirm; hence, to receive formally to favor.</def>

<h1>Bishop</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bish"op</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bishoped</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bishoping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From the name of the scoundrel who first practiced it. <ets>Youatt</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>To make seem younger, by operating on the teeth; <as>as, to <ex>bishop</ex> an old horse or his teeth</as>.</def>

<note>The plan adopted is to cut off all the nippers with a saw to the proper length, and then with a cutting instrument the operator scoops out an oval cavity in the corner nippers, which is afterwards burnt with a hot iron until it is black.
<i>J. H. Walsh.</i></note>

<h1>Bishopdom</h1>
<Xpage=148>

<hw>Bish"op*dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Jurisdiction of a bishop; episcopate.</def> "Divine right of <i>bishopdom</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bishoplike</h1>
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<hw>Bish"op*like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a bishop; belonging to a bishop.</def>

<i>Fulke.</i>

<h1>Bishoply</h1>
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<hw>Bish"op*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bishoplike; episcopal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bishoply</h1>
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<hw>Bish"op*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a bishop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bishopric</h1>
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<hw>Bish"op*ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bisceopr\'c6ce</ets>; <ets>bisceop</ets> bishop + <ets>r\'c6ce</ets> dominion. See <er>-ric</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A diocese; the district over which the jurisdiction of a bishop extends.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The office of a spiritual overseer, as of an apostle, bishop, or presbyter.</def>

<i> Acts i. 20.</i>

<h1>Bishop's cap</h1>
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<hw>Bish"op's cap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Mitella</spn>; miterwort.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Bishop sleeve</h1>
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<hw>Bish"op sleeve`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A wide sleeve, once worn by women.</def>

<h1>Bishop's length</h1>
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<hw>Bish"op's length`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A canvas for a portrait measuring 58 by 94 inches. The half bishop measures 45 of 56.</def>

<h1>Bishop-stool</h1>
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<hw>Bish"op-stool`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bishop's seat or see.</def>

<h1>Bishop's-weed</h1>
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<hw>Bish"op's-weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An umbelliferous plant of the genus <spn>Ammi.</spn></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Goutweed (<spn>\'92gopodium podagraria</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bishop's-wort</h1>
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<hw>Bish"op's-wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Wood betony (<spn>Stachys betonica</spn>); also, the plant called fennel flower (<spn>Nigella Damascena</spn>), or devil-in-a-bush.</def>

<h1>Bisie</h1>
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<hw>Bis"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To busy; to employ.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bisilicate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sil"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min. Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of metasilicic acid; -- so called because the ratio of the oxygen of the silica to the oxygen of the base is as two to one. The bisilicates include many of the most common and important minerals.</def>

<h1>Bisk</h1>
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<hw>Bisk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bisque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Soup or broth made by boiling several sorts of flesh together.</def>

<i>King.</i>

<h1>Bisk</h1>
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<hw>Bisk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bisque</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Tennis)</fld> <def>See <er>Bisque</er>.</def>

<h1>Bismare, Bismer</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bi*smare"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bi*smer"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bismer</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shame; abuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bismer</h1>
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<hw>Bis"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rule steelyard.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fifteen-spined (<spn>Gasterosteus spinachia</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bismillah</h1>
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<hw>Bis*mil"lah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Arabic, in the name of God!]</ety> <def>An adjuration or exclamation common among the Mohammedans.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Bizmillah</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bismite</h1>
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<hw>Bis"mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Bismuth trioxide, or bismuth ocher.</def>

<h1>Bismuth</h1>
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<hw>Bis"muth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ger. <ets>bismuth</ets>, <ets>wismuth</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bismuth</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the elements; a metal of a reddish white color, crystallizing in rhombohedrons. It is somewhat harder than lead, and rather brittle; masses show broad cleavage surfaces when broken across. It melts at 507&deg; Fahr., being easily fused in the flame of a candle. It is found in a native state, and as a constituent of some minerals. Specific gravity 9.8. Atomic weight 207.5. Symbol Bi.</def>

<note>&hand; Chemically, bismuth (with arsenic and antimony is intermediate between the metals and nonmetals; it is used in thermo-electric piles, and as an alloy with lead and tin in the fusible alloy or metal. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic substance known.</note>

<cs><col>Bismuth glance</col>, <cd>bismuth sulphide; bismuthinite.</cd> -- <col>Bismuth ocher</col>, <cd>a native bismuth oxide; bismite.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bismuthal</h1>
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<hw>Bis"muth*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing bismuth.</def>

<h1>Bismuthic</h1>
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<hw>Bis"muth*ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to bismuth; containing bismuth, when this element has its higher valence; <as>as, <ex>bismuthic</ex> oxide</as>.</def>

<h1>Bismuthiferous</h1>
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<hw>Bis`muth*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bismuth</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing bismuth.</def>

<h1>Bismuthine, Bismuthinite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bis"muth*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bis"muth*in*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Native bismuth sulphide; -- sometimes called <i>bismuthite</i>.</def>

<h1>Bismuthous</h1>
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<hw>Bis"muth*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, or containing, bismuth, when this element has its lower valence.</def>

<h1>Bismuthyl</h1>
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<hw>Bis"muth*yl`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Hydrous carbonate of bismuth, an earthy mineral of a dull white or yellowish color.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bismuthite</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bison</h1>
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<hw>Bi"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bison</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, a wild ox; akin to OHG. <ets>wisunt</ets>, <ets>wisant</ets>, G. <ets>wisent</ets>, AS. <ets>wesend</ets>, Icel. <ets>v\'c6sundr</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bison</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The aurochs or European bison.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The American bison buffalo (<spn>Bison Americanus</spn>), a large, gregarious bovine quadruped with shaggy mane and short black horns, which formerly roamed in herds over most of the temperate portion of North America, but is now restricted to very limited districts in the region of the Rocky Mountains, and is rapidly decreasing in numbers.</def>

<hr>
<page="149">
Page 149<p>

<h1>Bispinose</h1>
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<hw>Bi*spi"nose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>spinose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two spines.</def>

<h1>Bisque</h1>
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<hw>Bisque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>biscuit</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unglazed white porcelain.</def>

<h1>Bisque</h1>
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<hw>Bisque</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A point taken by the receiver of odds in the game of tennis; also, an extra innings allowed to a weaker player in croquet.</def>

<h1>Bisque</h1>
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<hw>Bisque</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A white soup made of crayfish.</def>

<h1>Bissextile</h1>
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<hw>Bis*sex"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bissextilis</ets> annus, fr. <ets>bissextus</ets> (<ets>bis + sextus</ets> sixth, fr. <ets>sex</ets> six) the sixth of the calends of March, or twenty-fourth day of February, which was reckoned twice every fourth year, by the intercalation of a day.]</ety> <def>Leap year; every fourth year, in which a day is added to the month of February on account of the excess of the tropical year (365 d. 5 h. 48 m. 46 s.) above 365 days. But one day added every four years is equivalent to six hours each year, which is 11 m. 14 s. more than the excess of the real year. Hence, it is necessary to suppress the bissextile day at the end of every century which is not divisible by 400, while it is retained at the end of those which are divisible by 400.</def>

<h1>Bissextile</h1>
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<hw>Bis*sex"tile</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to leap year.</def>

<h1>Bisson</h1>
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<hw>Bis"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bisen</ets>, <ets>bisne</ets>, AS. <ets>bisen</ets>, prob. for <ets>b\'c6s<?/ne</ets>; <ets>bi</ets> by + <ets>s<?/ne</ets> clear, akin to <ets>se\'a2n</ets> to see; clear when near, hence short-sighted. See <er>See</er>.]</ety> <def>Purblind; blinding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "<i>Bisson</i> rheum."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bister, Bistre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bis"ter</hw>, <hw>Bis"tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bistre</ets> a color made of soot; of unknown origin. Cf., however, LG. <ets>biester</ets> frowning, dark, ugly.]</ety> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>A dark brown pigment extracted from the soot of wood.</def>

<h1>Bistipuled</h1>
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<hw>Bi*stip"uled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>stipule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two stipules.</def>

<h1>Bistort</h1>
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<hw>Bis"tort</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis + tortus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>torquere</ets> to twist: cf. F. <ets>bistorte</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herbaceous plant of the genus <i>Polygonum</i>, section <i>Bistorta</i>; snakeweed; adderwort. Its root is used in medicine as an astringent.</def>

<h1>Bistoury</h1>
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<hw>Bis"tou*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bistouries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>bistouri</ets>.]</ety> <def>A surgical instrument consisting of a slender knife, either straight or curved, generally used by introducing it beneath the part to be divided, and cutting towards the surface.</def>

<h1>Bistre</h1>
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<hw>Bis"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bister</er>.</def>

<h1>Bisulcate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sul"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>sulcate</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having two grooves or furrows.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Cloven; said of a foot or hoof.</def>

<h1>Bisulcous</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sul"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bisulcus</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>sulcus</ets> furrow.]</ety> <def>Bisulcate.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Bisulphate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sul"phate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>sulphate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A sulphate in which but half the hydrogen of the acid is replaced by a positive element or radical, thus making the proportion of the acid to the positive or basic portion twice what it is in the normal sulphates; an acid sulphate.</def>

<h1>Bisulphide</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sul"phide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>sulphide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A sulphide having two atoms of sulphur in the molecule; a disulphide, as in iron pyrites, FeS2; -- less frequently called <i>bisulphuret</i>.</def>

<h1>Bisulphite</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sul"phite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sulphurous acid in which the base replaces but half the hydrogen of the acid; an acid sulphite.</def>

<h1>Bisulphuret</h1>
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<hw>Bi*sul"phu*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>sulphuret</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bisulphide</er>.</def>

<h1>Bit</h1>
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<hw>Bit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bitt</ets>, <ets>bite</ets>, AS. <ets>bite</ets>, bite, fr. <ets>b\'c6tan</ets> to bite. See <er>Bite</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <ets>v</ets>., and cf. <er>Bit</er> a morsel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The part of a bridle, usually of iron, which is inserted in the mouth of a horse, and having appendages to which the reins are fastened.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The foamy bridle with the <b>bit</b> of gold.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Anything which curbs or restrains.</def>

<h1>Bit</h1>
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<hw>Bit</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bitted</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bitting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put a bridle upon; to put the bit in the mouth of.</def>

<h1>Bit</h1>
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<hw>Bit</hw>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Bite</er>.</def>

<h1>Bit</h1>
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<hw>Bit</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bite</ets>, AS. <ets>bita</ets>, fr. <ets>b\'c6tan</ets> to bite; akin to D. <ets>beet</ets>, G. <ets>bissen</ets> bit, morsel, Icel. <ets>biti</ets>. See <er>Bite</er>, <ets>v</ets>., and cf. <er>Bit</er> part of a bridle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A part of anything, such as may be bitten off or taken into the mouth; a morsel; a bite. Hence: A small piece of anything; a little; a mite.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Somewhat; something, but not very great.</def>

<blockquote>My young companion was a <b>bit</b> of a poet.
<i>T. Hook.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word is used, also, like <i>jot</i> and <i>whit</i>, to express the smallest degree; as, he is not a <i>bit</i> wiser.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A tool for boring, of various forms and sizes, usually turned by means of a brace or bitstock. See <er>Bitstock</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The part of a key which enters the lock and acts upon the bolt and tumblers.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The cutting iron of a plane.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>In the Southern and Southwestern States, a small silver coin (as the real) formerly current; commonly, one worth about 12 1/2 cents; also, the sum of 12 1/2 cents.</def>

<cs><col>Bit my bit</col>, <cd>piecemeal.</cd></cs>

<i> Pope.</i>

<h1>Bit</h1>
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<hw>Bit</hw>, <tt>3d sing. pr.</tt> <def>of <er>Bid</er>, for <i>biddeth</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bitake</h1>
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<hw>Bi*take"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Betake</er>, <er>Betaught</er>.]</ety> <def>To commend; to commit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bitangent</h1>
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<hw>Bi*tan"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>tangent</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Possessing the property of touching at two points.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A line that touches a curve in two points.</def></def2>

<h1>Bitartrate</h1>
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<hw>Bi*tar"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of tartaric acid in which the base replaces but half the acid hydrogen; an acid tartrate, as cream of tartar.</def>

<h1>Bitch</h1>
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<hw>Bitch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>biche</ets>, <ets>bicche</ets>, AS. <ets>bicce</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>bikkja</ets>, G. <ets>betze</ets>, <ets>peize</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The female of the canine kind, as of the dog, wolf, and fox.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An opprobrious name for a woman, especially a lewd woman.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Bite</h1>
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<hw>Bite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Bit</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Bitten</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Bit</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Biting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>biten</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'c6tan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bijten</ets>, OS. <ets>b\'c6tan</ets>, OHG. <ets>b\'c6zan</ets>, G. <ets>beissen</ets>, Goth. <ets>beitan</ets>, Icel. <ets>b\'c6ta</ets>, Sw. <ets>bita</ets>, Dan. <ets>bide</ets>, L. <ets>findere</ets> to cleave, Skr. <ets>bhid</ets> to cleave. &root;87. Cf. <er>Fissure</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To seize with the teeth, so that they enter or nip the thing seized; to lacerate, crush, or wound with the teeth; <as>as, to <ex>bite</ex> an apple; to <ex>bite</ex> a crust; the dog <ex>bit</ex> a man.</as></def>

<blockquote>Such smiling rogues as these,
Like rats, oft <b>bite</b> the holy cords atwain.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To puncture, abrade, or sting with an organ (of some insects) used in taking food.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause sharp pain, or smarting, to; to hurt or injure, in a literal or a figurative sense; <as>as, pepper <ex>bites</ex> the mouth</as>.</def> "Frosts do <i>bite</i> the meads."

<i> Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cheat; to trick; to take in.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To take hold of; to hold fast; to adhere to; <as>as, the anchor <ex>bites</ex> the ground</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The last screw of the rack having been turned so often that its purchase crumbled, . . . it turned and turned with nothing to <b>bite</b>.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To bite the dust</col>, <col>To bite the ground</col></mcol>, <cd>to fall in the agonies of death; as, he made his enemy <i>bite the dust<i>.</cd> -- <col>To bite in</col> <fld>(Etching)</fld>, <cd>to corrode or eat into metallic plates by means of an acid.</cd> -- <col>To bite the thumb at</col> (any one), <cd>formerly a mark of contempt, designed to provoke a quarrel; to defy.</cd>  "Do you <i>bite your thumb at<i> us ?" <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>To bite the tongue</col>, <cd>to keep silence.</cd> <i>Shak</i>.</cs>

<h1>Bite</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To seize something forcibly with the teeth; to wound with the teeth; to have the habit of so doing; as, does the dog <i>bite</i>?</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause a smarting sensation; to have a property which causes such a sensation; to be pungent; <as>as, it <ex>bites</ex> like pepper or mustard</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause sharp pain; to produce anguish; to hurt or injure; to have the property of so doing.</def>

<blockquote>At the last it [wine] <b>biteth</b> like serpent, and stingeth like an adder.
<i>Prov. xxiii. 32.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To take a bait into the mouth, as a fish does; hence, to take a tempting offer.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To take or keep a firm hold; <as>as, the anchor <ex>bites</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Bite</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bite</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bite</ets>, <ets>bit</ets>, <ets>bitt</ets>, AS. <ets>bite</ets> bite, fr. <ets>b\'c6tan</ets> to bite, akin to Icel. <ets>bit</ets>, OS. <ets>biti</ets>, G. <ets>biss</ets>. See <er>Bite</er>, <ets>v</ets>., and cf. <er>Bit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of seizing with the teeth or mouth; the act of wounding or separating with the teeth or mouth; a seizure with the teeth or mouth, as of a bait; <as>as, to give anything a hard <ex>bite</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>I have known a very good fisher angle diligently four or six hours for a river carp, and not have a <b>bite</b>.
<i>Walton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of puncturing or abrading with an organ for taking food, as is done by some insects.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The wound made by biting; <as>as, the pain of a dog's or snake's <ex>bite</ex>; the <ex>bite</ex> of a mosquito.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A morsel; as much as is taken at once by biting.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The hold which the short end of a lever has upon the thing to be lifted, or the hold which one part of a machine has upon another.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A cheat; a trick; a fraud.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>The baser methods of getting money by fraud and <b>bite</b>, by deceiving and overreaching.
<i>Humorist.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A sharper; one who cheats.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A blank on the edge or corner of a page, owing to a portion of the frisket, or something else, intervening between the type and paper.</def>

<h1>Biter</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, bites; that which bites often, or is inclined to bite, as a dog or fish.</def> "Great barkers are no <i>biters</i>."

<i>Camden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who cheats; a sharper.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i> Spectator.</i>

<h1>Biternate</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bi*ter"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>ternate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld><def>Doubly ternate, as when a petiole has three ternate leaflets.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bi*ter"nate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Bitheism</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bi"the*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>theism</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belief in the existence of two gods; dualism.</def>

<h1>Biting</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That bites; sharp; cutting; sarcastic; caustic.</def> "A <i>biting</i> affliction."  "A <i>biting</i> jest."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Biting in</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ing in"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Etching.)</fld> <def>The process of corroding or eating into metallic plates, by means of an acid. See <er>Etch</er>.</def>

<i>G. Francis.</i>

<h1>Bitingly</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a biting manner.</def>

<h1>Bitless</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not having a bit or bridle.</def>

<h1>Bitstock</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"stock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stock or handle for holding and rotating a bit; a brace.</def>

<h1>Bitt</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bitt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bitts</er>.</def>

<h1>Bitt</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bitt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bitts</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To put round the bitts; <as>as, to bitt the cable, in order to fasten it or to slacken it gradually, which is called <ex>veering away</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Bittacle</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ta*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A binnacle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bitten</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Bite</er>.</def>

<h1>Bitten</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Terminating abruptly, as if bitten off; premorse.</def>

<h1>Bitter</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bitts</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>AA turn of the cable which is round the bitts.</def>

<cs><col>Bitter end</col>, <cd>that part of a cable which is abaft the bitts, and so within board, when the ship rides at anchor.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bitter</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>biter</ets>; akin to Goth. <ets>baitrs</ets>, Icel. <ets>bitr</ets>, Dan., Sw., D., & G. <ets>bitter</ets>, OS. <ets>bittar</ets>, fr. root of E. <ets>bite</ets>. See <er>Bite</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a peculiar, acrid, biting taste, like that of wormwood or an infusion of hops; <as>as, a <ex>bitter</ex> medicine; <ex>bitter</ex> as aloes.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing pain or smart; piercing; painful; sharp; severe; <as>as, a <ex>bitter</ex> cold day</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Causing, or fitted to cause, pain or distress to the mind; calamitous; poignant.</def>

<blockquote>It is an evil thing and <b>bitter</b>, that thou hast forsaken the Lord thy God.
<i>Jer. ii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Characterized by sharpness, severity, or cruelty; harsh; stern; virulent; <as>as, <ex>bitter</ex> reproach</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Husbands, love your wives, and be not <b>bitter</b> against them.
<i>Col. iii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Mournful; sad; distressing; painful; pitiable.</def>

<blockquote>The Egyptians . . . made their lives <b>bitter</b> with hard bondage.
<i>Ex. i. 14.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Bitter apple</col>, <col>Bitter cucumber</col>, <col>Bitter gourd</col></mcol>. <cd><fld>(Bot.)</fld> See <er>Colocynth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bitter cress</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Cardamine</spn>, esp. <spn>C. amara</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Bitter earth</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>tale earth; calcined magnesia.</cd> -- <col>Bitter principles</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a class of substances, extracted from vegetable products, having strong bitter taste but with no sharply defined chemical characteristics.</cd> -- <col>Bitter salt</col>, <cd>Epsom salts;; magnesium sulphate.</cd> -- <col>Bitter vetch</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to two European leguminous herbs, <spn>Vicia Orobus</spn> and <spn>Ervum Ervilia</spn>.</cd> -- <col>To the bitter end</col>, <cd>to the last extremity, however calamitous.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Acrid; sharp; harsh; pungent; stinging; cutting; severe; acrimonious.</syn>

<h1>Bitter</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any substance that is bitter. See <er>Bitters</er>.</def>

<h1>Bitter</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make bitter.</def>

<i>Wolcott.</i>

<h1>Bitterbump</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ter*bump`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>the butterbump or bittern.</def>

<h1>Bitterful</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ter*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of bitterness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bittering</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ter*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bitter compound used in adulterating beer; bittern.</def>

<h1>Bitterish</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ter*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat bitter.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Bitterling</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ter*ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A roachlike European fish (<spn>Rhodima amarus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bitterly</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ter*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a bitter manner.</def>

<h1>Bittern</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"tern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bitoure</ets>, <ets>betore</ets>, <ets>bitter</ets>, fr. F. <ets>butor</ets>; of unknown origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wading bird of the genus <spn>Botaurus</spn>, allied to the herons, of various species.</def>

<note>&hand; The common European bittern is <spn>Botaurus stellaris</spn>. It makes, during the brooding season, a noise called by Dryden bumping, and by Goldsmith booming. The American bittern is <spn>B. lentiginosus</spn>, and is also called <altname>stake-driver</altname> and <altname>meadow hen</altname>. See <er>Stake-driver</er>.</note>

<note>The name is applied to other related birds, as the <altname>least bittern</altname> (<spn>Ardetta exilis</spn>), and the <altname>sun bittern</altname>.</note>

<h1>Bittern</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"tern</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bitter</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The brine which remains in salt works after the salt is concreted, having a bitter taste from the chloride of magnesium which it contains.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A very bitter compound of quassia, cocculus Indicus, etc., used by fraudulent brewers in adulterating beer.</def>

<i>Cooley.</i>

<h1>Bitterness</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ter*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>biternys</ets>; <ets>biter</ets> better + <ets>-nys</ets> = <ets>-ness</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being bitter, sharp, or acrid, in either a literal or figurative sense; implacableness; resentfulness; severity; keenness of reproach or sarcasm; deep distress, grief, or vexation of mind.</def>

<blockquote>The lip that curls with <b>bitterness</b>.
<i>Percival.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will complain in the <b>bitterness</b> of my soul.
<i> Job vii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of extreme impiety or enmity to God.</def>

<blockquote>Thou art in the gall of <b>bitterness</b>, and in the bond of iniquity.
<i>Acts viii. 23.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Dangerous error, or schism, tending to draw persons to apostasy.</def>

<blockquote>Looking diligently, . . . lest any root of <b>bitterness</b> springing up trouble you.
<i>Heb. xii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bitternut</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ter*nut"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The swamp hickory (<spn>Carya amara</spn>). Its thin-shelled nuts are bitter.</def>

<h1>Bitterroot</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ter*root`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Lewisia rediviva</spn>) allied to the purslane, but with fleshy, farinaceous roots, growing in the mountains of Idaho, Montana, etc. It gives the name to the Bitter Root mountains and river. The Indians call both the plant and the river <i>Sp\'91t'lum</i>.</def>

<h1>Bitters</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ters</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>A liquor, generally spirituous in which a bitter herb, leaf, or root is steeped.</def>

<h1>Bitter spar</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ter spar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A common name of dolomite; -- so called because it contains magnesia, the soluble salts of which are bitter. See <er>Dolomite</er>.</def>

<h1>Bittersweet</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ter*sweet`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sweet and then bitter or bitter and then sweet; esp. sweet with a bitter after taste; hence (<i>Fig</i>.), pleasant but painful.</def>

<h1>Bittersweet</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ter*sweet`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything which is bittersweet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of apple so called.</def>

<i>Gower.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A climbing shrub, with oval coral-red berries (<spn>Solanum dulcamara</spn>); woody nightshade. The whole plant is poisonous, and has a taste at first sweetish and then bitter. The branches are the officinal <spn>dulcamara</spn>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An American woody climber (<spn>Celastrus scandens</spn>), whose yellow capsules open late in autumn, and disclose the red aril which covers the seeds; -- also called <altname>Roxbury waxwork</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bitterweed</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ter*weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of Ambrosia <spn>(A. artemisi\'91folia)</spn>; Roman worm wood.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Bitterwood</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ter*wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A West Indian tree <spn>(Picr\'91na excelsa)</spn> from the wood of which the bitter drug Jamaica quassia is obtained.</def>

<h1>Bitterwort</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"ter*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The yellow gentian (<spn>Gentiana lutea</spn>), which has a very bitter taste.</def>

<h1>Bittock</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bit"tock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bit</er> a morsel.]</ety> <def>A small bit of anything, of indefinite size or quantity; a short distance.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Bittor Bittour</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw><hw>Bit"tor Bit"tour</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bittern</er>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bittern.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Bitts</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bitts</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bitte</ets>, Icel. <ets>biti</ets>, a beam. <?/87.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A frame of two strong timbers fixed perpendicularly in the fore part of a ship, on which to fasten the cables as the ship rides at anchor, or in warping. Other bitts are used for belaying (<i>belaying bitts</i>), for sustaining the windlass (<i>carrick bitts</i>, <i>winch bitts</i>, or <i>windlass bitts</i>), to hold the pawls of the windlass (<i>pawl bitts</i>) etc.</def>

<h1>Bitume</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bi*tume"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Bitumen</er>.]</ety> <def>Bitumen.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>May.</i>

<h1>Bitumed</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bi*tumed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Smeared with bitumen.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The hatches caulked and <i>bitumed</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bitumen</h1>
<Xpage=149>

<hw>Bi*tu"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bitumen</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bitume</ets>. Cf. <er>B\'82ton</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mineral pitch; a black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame; Jew's pitch.  It occurs as an abundant natural product in many places, as on the shores of the Dead and Caspian Seas. It is used in cements, in the construction of pavements, etc. See <er>Asphalt</er>.
</def>

<hr>
<page="150">
Page 150<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By extension, any one of the natural hydrocarbons, including the hard, solid, brittle varieties called asphalt, the semisolid maltha and mineral tars, the oily petroleums, and even the light, volatile naphthas.</def>

<h1>Bituminate</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Bi*tu"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bituminated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bituminating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>bituminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>bituminare</ets> to bituminate. See <er>Bitumen</er>.]</ety> <def>To treat or impregnate with bitumen; to cement with bitumen.</def> "<i>Bituminated</i> walls of Babylon."

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Bituminiferous</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Bi*tu`mi*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bitumen</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing bitumen.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<h1>Bituminization</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Bi*tu`mi*ni*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bituminisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The process of bituminizing.</def>

<i>Mantell.</i>

<h1>Bituminize</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Bi*tu"mi*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bituminized</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bituminizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bituminiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To prepare, treat, impregnate, or coat with bitumen.</def>

<h1>Bituminous</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Bi*tu"mi*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bituminosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bitumineux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the qualities of bitumen; compounded with bitumen; containing bitumen.</def>

<blockquote>Near that <b>bituminous</b> lake where Sodom flamed.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bituminous coal</col>, <cd>a kind of coal which yields, when heated, a considerable amount of volatile bituminous matter. It burns with a yellow smoky flame.</cd> -- <col>Bituminous limestone</col>, <cd>a mineral of a brown or black color, emitting an unpleasant smell when rubbed. That of Dalmatia is so charged with bitumen that it may be cut like soap.</cd> -- <col>Bituminous shale</col>, <cd>an argillaceous shale impregnated with bitumen, often accompanying coal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Biuret</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Bi"u*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>urea</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, C2O2N3H5, formed by heating urea. It is intermediate between urea and cyanuric acid.</def>

<h1>Bivalency</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Biv"a*len*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The quality of being bivalent.</def>

<h1>Bivalent</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Biv"a*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>valens</ets>, <tt>p. pr.</tt> See <er>Valence</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Equivalent in combining or displacing power to two atoms of hydrogen; dyad.</def>

<h1>Bivalve</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Bi"valve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bivalve</ets>; <ets>bi-</ets> (L. <ets>bis</ets>) + <ets>valve</ets> valve.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mollusk having a shell consisting of two lateral plates or valves joined together by an elastic ligament at the hinge, which is usually strengthened by prominences called <i>teeth</i>. The shell is closed by the contraction of two transverse muscles attached to the inner surface, as in the clam, -- or by one, as in the oyster. See Mollusca.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A pericarp in which the seed case opens or splits into two parts or valves.</def>

<h1>Bivalve</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Bi"valve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>valve</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l. & Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two shells or valves which open and shut, as the oyster and certain seed vessels.</def>

<h1>Bivalved</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Bi"valved</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having two valves, as the oyster and some seed pods; bivalve.</def>

<h1>Bivalvous</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Bi*val"vous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bivalvular.</def>

<h1>Bivalvular</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Bi*val"vu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having two valves.</def>

<h1>Bivaulted</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Bi*vault"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>vault</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two vaults or arches.</def>

<h1>Bivector</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Bi*vec"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>vector</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A term made up of the two parts <?/ + <?/1 <?/-1, where <?/ and <?/1  are vectors.</def>

<h1>Biventral</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Bi*ven"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>ventral</ets>.]</ety> <def>(Anat.) Having two bellies or protuberances; <as>as, a <ex>biventral</ex>, or digastric, muscle, or the <ex>biventral</ex> lobe of the cerebellum</as>.</def>

<h1>Bivial</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Biv"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to the bivium.</def>

<h1>Bivious</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Biv"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bivius</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>via</ets> way.]</ety> <def>Having, or leading, two ways.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bivious</b> theorems and Janus-faced doctrines.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bivium</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Biv"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a place with two ways. See <er>Bivious</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One side of an echinoderm, including a pair of ambulacra, in distinction from the opposite side (<i>trivium</i>), which includes three ambulacra.</def>

<h1>Bivouac</h1>
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<hw>Biv"ouac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bivouac</ets>, <ets>bivac</ets>, prab. fr. G. <ets>beiwache</ets>, or <ets>beiwacht</ets>; <ets>bei</ets> by, near + <ets>wachen</ets> to watch, <ets>wache</ets> watch, guard. See <er>By</er>, and <er>Watch</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The watch of a whole army by night, when in danger of surprise or attack.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An encampment for the night without tents or covering.</def>

<h1>Bivouac</h1>
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<hw>Biv"ouac</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bivouacked</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bivouacking</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To watch at night or be on guard, as a whole army.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To encamp for the night without tents or covering.</def>

<h1>Biweekly</h1>
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<hw>Bi"week`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>weekly</ets>.]</ety> <def>Occurring or appearing once every two weeks; fortnightly.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A publication issued every two weeks.</def></def2> -- <wordforms><wf>Bi"week"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Biwreye</h1>
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<hw>Bi*wreye"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bewray; to reveal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bizantine</h1>
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<hw>Biz"an*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Byzantine</er>.</def>

<h1>Bizarre</h1>
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<hw>Bi*zarre"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bizarre</ets> odd, fr. Sp. <ets>bizarro</ets> gallant, brave, liberal, prob. of Basque origin; cf. Basque <ets>bizarra</ets> beard, whence the meaning <ets>manly</ets>, <ets>brave</ets>.]</ety> <def>Odd in manner or appearance; fantastic; whimsical; extravagant; grotesque.</def>

<i> C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Bizet</h1>
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<hw>Bi*zet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Bezel</er>.]</ety> <def>The upper faceted portion of a brilliant-cut diamond, which projects from the setting and occupies the zone between the girdle and the table. See <er>Brilliant</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Blab</h1>
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<hw>Blab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blabbed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blabbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>blaberen</ets>, or Dan. <ets>blabbre</ets>, G. <ets>plappern</ets>, Gael. <ets>blabaran</ets> a stammerer; prob. of imitative origin. Cf. also <er>Blubber</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>To utter or tell unnecessarily, or in a thoughtless manner; to publish (secrets or trifles) without reserve or discretion.</def>

<i>Udall.</i>

<blockquote>And yonder a vile physician <b>blabbing</b>
The case of his patient.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blab</h1>
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<hw>Blab</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To talk thoughtlessly or without discretion; to tattle; to tell tales.</def>

<blockquote>She must burst or <b>blab</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blab</h1>
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<hw>Blab</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blabbe</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who blabs; a babbler; a telltale.</def> "Avoided as a <i>blab</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>For who will open himself to a <b>blab</b> or a babbler.
<i> Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blabber</h1>
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<hw>Blab"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tattler; a telltale.</def>

<h1>Black</h1>
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<hw>Black</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blak</ets>, AS. <ets>bl\'91c</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>blakkr</ets> dark, swarthy, Sw. <ets>bl\'84ck</ets> ink, Dan. <ets>bl\'91k</ets>, OHG. <ets>blach</ets>, LG. & D. <ets>blaken</ets> to burn with a black smoke. Not akin to AS. <ets>bl\'bec</ets>, E. <ets>bleak</ets> pallid. <?/98.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of light, or incapable of reflecting it; of the color of soot or coal; of the darkest or a very dark color, the opposite of <i>white</i>; characterized by such a color; <as>as, <ex>black</ex> cloth; <ex>black</ex> hair or eyes.</as></def>

<blockquote>O night, with hue so <b>black</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a less literal sense: Enveloped or shrouded in darkness; very dark or gloomy; <as>as, a <ex>black</ex> night; the heavens <ex>black</ex> with clouds.</as></def>

<blockquote>I spy a <b>black</b>, suspicious, threatening cloud.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: Dismal, gloomy, or forbidding, like darkness; destitute of moral light or goodness; atrociously wicked; cruel; mournful; calamitous; horrible.</def>  "This day's <i>black</i> fate."   "<i>Black</i> villainy."  "Arise, <i>black</i> vengeance."  "Black day." "<i>Black</i> despair."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Expressing menace, or discontent; threatening; sullen; foreboding; <as>as, to regard one with <ex>black</ex> looks</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Black</i> is often used in self-explaining compound words; as, <i>black-</i>eyed, <i>black-</i>faced, <i>black-</i>haired, <i>black-</i>visaged.</note>

<cs><col>Black act</col>, <cd>the English statute 9 George I, which makes it a felony to appear armed in any park or warren, etc., or to hunt or steal deer, etc., with the face blackened or disguised. Subsequent acts inflicting heavy penalties for malicious injuries to cattle and machinery have been called <i>black acts<i>.</cd> -- <col>Black angel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fish of the West Indies and Florida (<spn>Holacanthus tricolor</spn>), with the head and tail yellow, and the middle of the body black.</cd> -- <col>Black antimony</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the black sulphide of antimony, <chform>Sb2S3</chform>, used in pyrotechnics, etc.</cd> -- <col>Black bear</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American bear (<spn>Ursus Americanus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Black beast</col>. <cd>See <er>B\'88te noire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common large cockroach (<spn>Blatta orientalis</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Black and blue</col>, <cd>the dark color of a bruise in the flesh, which is accompanied with a mixture of blue.</cd> "To pinch the slatterns <i>black and blue<i>." <i>Hudibras</i>. -- <col>Black bonnet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the black-headed bunting (<spn>Embriza Sch\'d2niclus</spn>) of Europe.</cd> -- <col>Black canker</col>, <cd>a disease in turnips and other crops, produced by a species of caterpillar.</cd> -- <col>Black cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the fisher, a quadruped of North America allied to the sable, but larger. See <er>Fisher</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black cattle</col>, <cd>any bovine cattle reared for slaughter, in distinction from dairy cattle.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Black cherry</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cherry</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black cockatoo</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the palm cockatoo. See <er>Cockatoo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black copper</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Melaconite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black diamond</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Carbonado</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black draught</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a cathartic medicine, composed of senna and magnesia.</cd> -- <col>Black drop</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>vinegar of opium; a narcotic preparation consisting essentially of a solution of opium in vinegar.</cd> -- <col>Black earth</col>, <cd>mold; earth of a dark color.</cd> <i>Woodward</i>. -- <col>Black flag</col>, <cd>the flag of a pirate, often bearing in white a skull and crossbones; a signal of defiance.</cd> -- <col>Black flea</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a flea beetle (<spn>Haltica nemorum</spn>) injurious to turnips.</cd> -- <col>Black flux</col>, <cd>a mixture of carbonate of potash and charcoal, obtained by deflagrating tartar with half its weight of niter. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Black fly</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In the United States, a small, venomous, two-winged fly of the genus <spn>Simulium</spn> of several species, exceedingly abundant and troublesome in the northern forests. The larv\'91 are aquatic.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A black plant louse, as the bean aphis <spn>(A. fab\'91)</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Black Forest</col> <ety>[a translation of G. <ets>Schwarzwald<ets>]</ety>, <cd>a forest in Baden and W\'81rtemburg, in Germany; a part of the ancient Hercynian forest.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Black game</col>, or <col>Black grouse</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Blackcock</er>, <er>Grouse</er>, and <er>Heath grouse</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a grasslike rush of the species <spn>Juncus Gerardi</spn>, growing on salt marshes, and making good hay.</cd> -- <col>Black gum</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree, the tupelo or pepperidge. See <er>Tupelo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black Hamburg (grape)</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a sweet and juicy variety of dark purple or "black" grape.</cd> -- <col>Black horse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fish of the Mississippi valley (<spn>Cycleptus elongatus</spn>), of the sucker family; the Missouri sucker.</cd> -- <col>Black lemur</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the <spn>Lemurniger</spn> of Madagascar; the <altname>acoumbo</altname> of the natives.</cd> -- <col>Black list</col>, a list of persons who are for some reason thought deserving of censure or punishment; -- esp. a list of persons stigmatized as insolvent or untrustworthy, made for the protection of tradesmen or employers. See <er>Blacklist</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></cd> -- <col>Black manganese</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the black oxide of manganese, <chform>MnO2</chform>.</cd> -- <col>Black Maria</col>, <cd>the close wagon in which prisoners are carried to or from jail.</cd> -- <col>Black martin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chimney swift. See <er>Swift</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black moss</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the common so-called long moss of the southern United States. See <er>Tillandsia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black oak</col>. <cd>See under <er>Oak</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black ocher</col>. <cd>See <er>Wad</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black pigment</col>, <cd>a very fine, light carbonaceous substance, or lampblack, prepared chiefly for the manufacture of printers' ink. It is obtained by burning common coal tar.</cd> -- <col>Black plate</col>, <cd>sheet iron before it is tinned. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Black quarter</col>, <cd>malignant anthrax with engorgement of a shoulder or quarter, etc., as of an ox.</cd> -- <col>Black rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the species of rats (<spn>Mus rattus</spn>), commonly infesting houses.</cd> -- <col>Black rent</col>. <cd>See <er>Blackmail</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Black rust</col>, <cd>a disease of wheat, in which a black, moist matter is deposited in the fissures of the grain.</cd> -- <col>Black sheep</col>, <cd>one in a family or company who is unlike the rest, and makes trouble.</cd> -- <col>Black silver</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Silver</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black and tan</col>, <cd>black mixed or spotted with tan color or reddish brown; -- used in describing certain breeds of dogs.</cd> -- <col>Black tea</col>. <cd>See under <er>Tea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black tin</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>tin ore (cassiterite), when dressed, stamped and washed, ready for smelting. It is in the form of a black powder, like fine sand.</cd> <i>Knight</i>. -- <col>Black walnut</col>. <cd>See under <er>Walnut</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black warrior</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American hawk (<spn>Buteo Harlani</spn>).</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Dark; murky; pitchy; inky; somber; dusky; gloomy; swart; Cimmerian; ebon; atrocious.</syn>

<h1>Black</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Black</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Sullenly; threateningly; maliciously; so as to produce blackness.</def>

<h1>Black</h1>
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<hw>Black</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is destitute of light or whiteness; the darkest color, or rather a destitution of all color; <as>as, a cloth has a good <ex>black</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Black</b> is the badge of hell,
The hue of dungeons, and the suit of night.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A black pigment or dye.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A negro; a person whose skin is of a black color, or shaded with black; esp. a member or descendant of certain African races.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A black garment or dress; <as>as, she wears <ex>black</ex></as></def>; <plu>pl.</plu> <mark>(Obs.)</mark> <def>Mourning garments of a black color; funereal drapery.</def>

<blockquote>Friends weeping, and <b>blacks</b>, and obsequies, and the like show death terrible.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That was the full time they used to wear <b>blacks</b> for the death of their fathers.
<i>Sir T. North.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The part of a thing which is distinguished from the rest by being black.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>black</b> or sight of the eye.
<i>Sir K. Digby.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A stain; a spot; a smooch.</def>

<blockquote>Defiling her white lawn of chastity with ugly <b>blacks</b> of lust.
<i>Rowley.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Black and white</col>, <cd>writing or print; as, I must have that statement in <i>black and white<i>.</cd> -- <col>Blue black</col>, <cd>a pigment of a blue black color.</cd> -- <col>Ivory black</col>, <cd>a fine kind of animal charcoal prepared by calcining ivory or bones. When ground it is the chief ingredient of the ink used in copperplate printing.</cd> -- <col>Berlin black</col>. <cd>See under <er>Berlin</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Black</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Black</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blacked</er> ; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blacking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Black</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Blacken</er>.]</def>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make black; to blacken; to soil; to sully.</def>

<blockquote>They have their teeth <b>blacked</b>, both men and women, for they say a dog hath his teeth white, therefore they will black theirs.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sins which <b>black</b> thy soul.
<i>J. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make black and shining, as boots or a stove, by applying blacking and then polishing with a brush.</def>

<h1>Blackamoor</h1>
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<hw>Black"a*moor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Black</ets> + <ets>Moor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A negro or negress.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Black art</h1>
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<hw>Black" art`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The art practiced by conjurers and witches; necromancy; conjuration; magic.</def>

<note>&hand; This name was given in the Middle Ages to necromancy, under the idea that the latter term was derived from <ets>niger</ets> black, instead of <grk>nekro`s</grk>, a dead person, and <grk>mantei`a</grk>, divination.

<i>Wright.</i>
</note>

<h1>Black-a-vised</h1>
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<hw>Black"-a-vised`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dark-visaged; swart.</def>

<h1>Blackball</h1>
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<hw>Black"ball`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A composition for blacking shoes, boots, etc.; also, one for taking impressions of engraved work.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A ball of black color, esp. one used as a negative in voting; -- in this sense usually two words.</def>

<h1>Blackball</h1>
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<hw>Black"ball`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blackballed</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blackballing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To vote against, by putting a black ball into a ballot box; to reject or exclude, as by voting against with black balls; to ostracize.</def>

<blockquote>He was <b>blackballed</b> at two clubs in succession.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To blacken (leather, shoes, etc.) with blacking.</def>

<h1>Blackband</h1>
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<hw>Black"band`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An earthy carbonate of iron containing considerable carbonaceous matter; -- valuable as an iron ore.</def>

<h1>Black bass</h1>
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<hw>Black" bass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An edible, fresh-water fish of the United States, of the genus <spn>Micropterus</spn>. the small-mouthed kind is <spn>M. dolomie\'c6</spn>; the largemouthed is <spn>M. salmoides</spn>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sea bass. See <er>Blackfish</er>, 3.</def>

<h1>Blackberry</h1>
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<hw>Black"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blakberye</ets>, AS. <ets>bl\'91cerie</ets>; <ets>bl\'91c</ets> black  + <ets>berie</ets> berry.]</ety> <def>The fruit of several species of bramble (<spn>Rubus</spn>); also, the plant itself. <spn>Rubus fruticosus</spn> is the blackberry of England; <spn>R. villosus</spn> and <spn>R. Canadensis</spn> are the high blackberry and low blackberry of the United States. There are also other kinds.</def>

<h1>Blackbird</h1>
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<hw>Black"bird</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>In England, a species of thrush (<spn>Turdus merula</spn>), a singing bird with a fin note; the merle. In America the name is given to several birds, as the <spn>Quiscalus versicolor</spn>, or crow blackbird; the <spn>Agel\'91us ph\'d2niceus</spn>, or red-winged blackbird; the cowbird; the rusty grackle, etc. See <er>Redwing</er>.</def>

<h1>Blackboard</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Black"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A broad board painted black, or any black surface on which writing, drawing, or the working of mathematical problems can be done with chalk or crayons. It is much used in schools.</def>

<h1>Black book</h1>
<Xpage=150>

<hw>Black" book`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of several books of a political character, published at different times and for different purposes; -- so called either from the color of the binding, or from the character of the contents.</def>

<hr>
<page="151">
Page 151<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A book compiled in the twelfth century, containing a description of the court of exchequer of England, an official statement of the revenues of the crown, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A book containing details of the enormities practiced in the English monasteries and religious houses, compiled by order of their visitors under Henry VIII., to hasten their dissolution.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A book of admiralty law, of the highest authority, compiled in the reign of Edw. III.</def>

<i>Bouvier. Wharton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A book kept for the purpose of registering the names of persons liable to censure or punishment, as in the English universities, or the English armies.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Any book which treats of necromancy.</def>

<h1>Black-browed</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"-browed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having black eyebrows. Hence: Gloomy; dismal; threatening; forbidding.</def>

<i>Shak. Dryden.</i>

<h1>Blackburnian warbler</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black*bur"ni*an war"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Named from Mrs. <ets>Blackburn</ets>, an English lady.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beautiful warbler of the United States (<spn>Dendroica Blackburni\'91</spn>). The male is strongly marked with orange, yellow, and black on the head and neck, and has an orange-yellow breast.</def>

<h1>Blackcap</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"cap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small European song bird (<spn>Sylvia atricapilla</spn>), with a black crown; the mock nightingale.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An American titmouse (<spn>Parus atricapillus</spn>); the chickadee.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>An apple roasted till black, to be served in a dish of boiled custard.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The black raspberry.</def>

<h1>Blackcoat</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"coat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A clergyman; -- familiarly so called, as a soldier is sometimes called a <i>redcoat</i> or a <i>bluecoat</i>.</def>

<h1>Blackcock</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black"cock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The male of the European black grouse (<spn>Tetrao tetrix</spn>, Linn.); -- so called by sportsmen. The female is called <i>gray hen</i>. See <er>Heath grouse</er>.</def>

<h1>Black death</h1>
<Xpage=151>

<hw>Black" death`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A pestilence which ravaged Europe and Asia in the fourteenth century.</def>

<h1>Blacken</h1>
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<hw>Black"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blackened</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blackening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Black</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Black</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make or render black.</def>

<blockquote>While the long funerals <b>blacken</b> all the way.
<h1>Pope</h1>
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<hw>Pope</hw><def>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make dark; to darken; to cloud.</def> "<i>Blackened</i> the whole heavens."

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To defame; to sully, as reputation; to make infamous; <as>as, vice <ex>blackens</ex> the character</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To denigrate; defame; vilify; slander; calumniate; traduce; malign; asperse.</syn>

<h1>Blacken</h1>
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<hw>Black"en</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow black or dark.</def>

<h1>Blackener</h1>
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<hw>Black"en*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who blackens.</def>

<h1>Black-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Black"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having black eyes.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Black-faced</h1>
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<hw>Black"-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a black, dark, or gloomy face or aspect.</def>

<h1>Blackfeet</h1>
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<hw>Black"feet`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Ethn.)</fld> <def>A tribe of North American Indians formerly inhabiting the country from the upper Missouri River to the Saskatchewan, but now much reduced in numbers.</def>

<h1>Blackfin</h1>
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<hw>Black"fin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bluefin</er>.</def>

<h1>Blackfish</h1>
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<hw>Black"fish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small kind of whale, of the genus <spn>Globicephalus</spn>, of several species. The most common is <spn>G. melas</spn>. Also sometimes applied to other whales of larger size.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The tautog of New England (<spn>Tautoga</spn>).</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The black sea bass (<spn>Centropristis atrarius</spn>) of the Atlantic coast. It is excellent food fish; -- locally called also <altname>black Harry</altname>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of southern Europe (<spn>Centrolophus pompilus</spn>) of the Mackerel family.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The female salmon in the spawning season.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is locally applied to other fishes.</note>

<h1>Blackfoot</h1>
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<hw>Black"foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Blackfeet; <as>as, a <ex>Blackfoot</ex> Indian</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A Blackfoot Indian.</def></def2>

<h1>Black friar</h1>
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<hw>Black" fri`ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A friar of the Dominican order; -- called also <altname>predicant</altname> and <altname>preaching friar</altname>; in France, <altname>Jacobin</altname>. Also, sometimes, a Benedictine.</def>

<h1>Blackguard</h1>
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<hw>Black"guard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Black</ets> + <ets>guard</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The scullions and lower menials of a court, or of a nobleman's household, who, in a removal from one residence to another, had charge of the kitchen utensils, and being smutted by them, were jocularly called the "black guard"; also, the servants and hangers-on of an army.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A lousy slave, that . . . rode with the <b>black guard</b> in the duke's carriage, 'mongst spits and dripping pans.
<i>Webster (1612).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The criminals and vagrants or vagabonds of a town or community, collectively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person of stained or low character, esp. one who uses scurrilous language, or treats others with foul abuse; a scoundrel; a rough.</def>

<blockquote>A man whose manners and sentiments are decidedly below those of his class deserves to be called a <b>blackguard</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A vagrant; a bootblack; a gamin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Blackguard</h1>
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<hw>Black"guard`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blackguarded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blackguarding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To revile or abuse in scurrilous language.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Blackguard</h1>
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<hw>Black"guard</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Scurrilous; abusive; low; worthless; vicious; <as>as, <ex>blackguard</ex> language</as>.</def>

<h1>Blackguardism</h1>
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<hw>Black"guard*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The conduct or language of a blackguard; rufflanism.</def>

<h1>Blackguardly</h1>
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<hw>Black"guard*ly</hw>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <def>In the manner of or resembling a blackguard; abusive; scurrilous; ruffianly.</def>

<h1>Blackhead</h1>
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<hw>Black"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The scaup duck.</def>

<h1>Blackheart</h1>
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<hw>Black"heart`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A heart-shaped cherry with a very dark-colored skin.</def>

<h1>Black-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Black"-heart`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a wicked, malignant disposition; morally bad.</def>

<h1>Black hole</h1>
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<hw>Black" hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A dungeon or dark cell in a prison; a military lock-up or guardroom; -- now commonly with allusion to the cell (the Black Hole) in a fort at Calcutta, into which 146 English prisoners were thrust by the nabob Suraja Dowla on the night of June 20, 17656, and in which 123 of the prisoners died before morning from lack of air.</def>

<blockquote>A discipline of unlimited autocracy, upheld by rods, and ferules, and the <b>black hole</b>.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blacking</h1>
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<hw>Black"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any preparation for making things black; esp. one for giving a black luster to boots and shoes, or to stoves.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or process of making black.</def>

<h1>Blackish</h1>
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<hw>Black"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat black.</def>

<h1>Black-jack</h1>
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<hw>Black"-jack`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A name given by English miners to sphalerite, or zinc blende; -- called also <altname>false galena</altname>. See <er>Blende</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Caramel or burnt sugar, used to color wines, spirits, ground coffee, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A large leather vessel for beer, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The <spn>Quercus nigra</spn>, or barren oak.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The ensign of a pirate.</def>

<h1>Black lead</h1>
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<hw>Black` lead"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Plumbago; graphite.It leaves a blackish mark somewhat like lead. See <er>Graphite</er>.</def>

<h1>Blacklead</h1>
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<hw>Black`lead"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To coat or to polish with black lead.</def>

<h1>Blackleg</h1>
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<hw>Black"leg`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A notorious gambler.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A disease among calves and sheep, characterized by a settling of gelatinous matter in the legs, and sometimes in the neck.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Black letter</h1>
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<hw>Black" let`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The old English or Gothic letter, in which the Early English manuscripts were written, and the first English books were printed. It was conspicuous for its blackness. See <er>Type</er>.</def>

<h1>Black-letter</h1>
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<hw>Black"-let`ter</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Written or printed in black letter; <as>as, a <ex>black-letter</ex> manuscript or book</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Given to the study of books in black letter; that is, of old books; out of date.</def>

<blockquote>Kemble, a <b>black-letter</b> man!
<i>J. Boaden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the days in the calendar not marked with red letters as saints' days. Hence: Unlucky; inauspicious.</def>

<h1>Blacklist</h1>
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<hw>Black"list`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put in a black list as deserving of suspicion, censure, or punishment; esp. to put in a list of persons stigmatized as insolvent or untrustworthy, -- as tradesmen and employers do for mutual protection; <as>as, to <ex>blacklist</ex> a workman who has been discharged</as>. See <cref>Black list</cref>, under <er>Black</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<blockquote>If you <b>blacklist</b> us, we will boycott you.
<i>John Swinton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blackly</h1>
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<hw>Black"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a black manner; darkly, in color; gloomily; threateningly; atrociously.</def> "Deeds so <i>blackly</i> grim and horrid."

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Blackmail</h1>
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<hw>Black"mail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Black</ets> + <ets>mail</ets> a piece of money.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A certain rate of money, corn, cattle, or other thing, anciently paid, in the north of England and south of Scotland, to certain men who were allied to robbers, or moss troopers, to be by them protected from pillage.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Payment of money exacted by means of intimidation; also, extortion of money from a person by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Black rent, or rent paid in corn, flesh, or the lowest coin, a opposed to "white rent", which paid in silver.</def>

<cs><col>To levy blackmail</col>, <cd>to extort money by threats, as of injury to one's reputation.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blackmail</h1>
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<hw>Black"mail`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blackmailed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blackmailing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To extort money from by exciting fears of injury other than bodily harm, as injury to reputation, distress of mind, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>blackmail</ex> a merchant by threatening to expose an alleged fraud</as>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Blackmailer</h1>
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<hw>Black"mail`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who extorts, or endeavors to extort, money, by black mailing.</def>

<h1>Blackmailing</h1>
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<hw>Black"mail`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or practice of extorting money by exciting fears of injury other than bodily harm, as injury to reputation.</def>

<h1>Black Monday</h1>
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<hw>Black" Mon`day</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>Easter Monday, so called from the severity of that day in 1360, which was so unusual that many of Edward III.'s soldiers, then before Paris, died from the cold.</def>

<i>Stow.</i>

<blockquote>Then it was not for nothing that may nose fell a bleeding on <b>Black Monday</b> last.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The first Monday after the holidays; -- so called by English schoolboys.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Black monk</h1>
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<hw>Black" monk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A Benedictine monk.</def>

<h1>Blackmoor</h1>
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<hw>Black"moor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Blackamoor</er>.</def>

<h1>Black-mouthed</h1>
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<hw>Black"-mouthed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Using foul or scurrilous language; slanderous.</def>

<h1>Blackness</h1>
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<hw>Black"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being black; black color; atrociousness or enormity in wickedness.</def>

<blockquote>They're darker now than <b>blackness</b>.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blackpoll</h1>
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<hw>Black"poll`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Black</ets> + <ets>poll</ets> head.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A warbler of the United States (<spn>Dendroica striata</spn>).</def>

<h1>Black pudding</h1>
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<hw>Black" pud"ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A kind of sausage made of blood, suet, etc., thickened with meal.</def>

<blockquote>And fat black <b>puddings</b>, -- proper food,
For warriors that delight in blood.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Black Rod</h1>
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<hw>Black" Rod`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <sd>(a)</sd> <def>the usher to the Chapter of the Garter, so called from the <ets>black rod</ets> which he carries. He is of the king's chamber, and also usher to the House of Lords.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An usher in the legislature of British colonies.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<blockquote>Committed to the custody of the <b>Black Rod</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blackroot</h1>
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<hw>Black"root`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Colicroot</er>.</def>

<h1>Blacks</h1>
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<hw>Blacks</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The name of a kind of in used in copperplate printing, prepared from the charred husks of the grape, and residue of the wine press.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Soot flying in the air.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Black garments, etc. See <er>Black</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<h1>Blacksalter</h1>
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<hw>Black"salt`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who,makes crude potash, or black salts.</def>

<h1>Black salts</h1>
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<hw>Black" salts`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Crude potash.</def>

<i>De Colange.</i>

<h1>Blacksmith</h1>
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<hw>Black"smith`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Black</ets> (in allusion to the color of the metal) + <ets>smith</ets>. Cf. <er>Whitesmith</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A smith who works in iron with a forge, and makes iron utensils, horseshoes, etc.</def>

<blockquote> The <b>blacksmith</b> may forge what he pleases.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the Pacific coast<spn> (Chromis, or Heliastes, punctipinnis)</spn>, of a blackish color.</def>

<h1>Black snake &or; Blacksnake</h1>
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<hw><hw>Black" snake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> &or; <hw>Black"snake</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A snake of a black color, of which two species are common in the United States, the <spn>Bascanium constrictor</spn>, or racer, sometimes six feet long, and the <spn>Scotophis Alleghaniensis</spn>, seven or eight feet long.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also applied to various other black serpents, as <spn>Natrix atra</spn> of Jamaica.</note>

<h1>Blackstrap</h1>
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<hw>Black"strap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mixture of spirituous liquor (usually rum) and molasses.</def>

<blockquote>No <b>blackstrap</b> to-night; switchel, or ginger pop.
<i>Judd.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bad port wine; any commo wine of the Mediterranean; -- so called by sailors.</def>

<h1>Blacktail</h1>
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<hw>Black"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Black</ets> + <ets>tail</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish; the ruff or pope.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The black-tailed deer <spn>(Cervus or Cariacus Columbianus)</spn> of California and Oregon; also, the mule deer of the Rocky Mountains. See <er>Mule deer</er>.</def>

<h1>Blackthorn</h1>
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<hw>Black"thorn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A spreading thorny shrub or small tree (<spn>Prunus spinosa</spn>), with blackish bark, and bearing little black plums, which are called sloes; the sloe.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A species of <spn>Crat\'91gus</spn> or hawthorn <spn>(C. tomentosa)</spn>. Both are used for hedges.</def>

<h1>Black vomit</h1>
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<hw>Black" vom"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A copious vomiting of dark-colored matter; or the substance so discharged; -- one of the most fatal symptoms in yellow fever.</def>

<h1>Black wash &or; Blackwash</h1>
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<hw><hw>Black" wash`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> &or; <hw>Black"wash</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A lotion made by mixing calomel and lime water.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wash that blackens, as opposed to <i>whitewash</i>; hence, figuratively, calumny.</def>

<blockquote>To remove as far as he can the modern layers of <b>black wash</b>, and let the man himself, fair or foul, be seen.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blackwood</h1>
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<hw>Black"wood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A name given to several dark-colored timbers. The East Indian black wood is from the tree <spn>Dalbergia latifolia</spn>.</def>

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Blackwork</h1>
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<hw>Black"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Work wrought by blacksmiths; -- so called in distinction from that wrought by whitesmiths.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Bladder</h1>
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<hw>Blad"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bladder</ets>, <ets>bleddre</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/dre</ets>, <ets>bl<?/ddre</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bla<?/ra</ets>, SW. <ets>bl\'84ddra</ets>, Dan. <ets>bl\'91re</ets>, D. <ets>blaar</ets>, OHG. <ets>bl\'betara</ets> the bladder in the body of animals, G. <ets>blatter</ets> blister, bustule; all fr. the same root as AS. <ets>bl\'bewan</ets>, E. <ets>blow</ets>, to puff. See <er>Blow</er> to puff.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bag or sac in animals, which serves as the receptacle of some fluid; <as>as, the urinary <ex>bladder</ex>; the gall <ex>bladder</ex></as>; -- applied especially to the urinary bladder, either within the animal, or when taken out and inflated with air.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any vesicle or blister, especially if filled with air, or a thin, watery fluid.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A distended, membranaceous pericarp.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything inflated, empty, or unsound.</def> "To swim with <i>bladders</i> of philosophy."

<i>Rochester.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Bladder nut</col>, &or; <col>Bladder tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of plants (<spn>Staphylea</spn>) with bladderlike seed pods.</cd> -- <col>Bladder pod</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of low herbs (<spn>Vesicaria</spn>) with inflated seed pods.</cd> -- <col>Bladdor senna</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of shrubs (<spn>Colutea</spn>), with membranaceous, inflated pods.</cd> -- <col>Bladder worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of any species of tapeworm (<spn>T\'91nia</spn>), found in the flesh or other parts of animals. See <er>Measle</er>, <er>Cysticercus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bladder wrack</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the common black rock weed of the seacoast (<spn>Fucus nodosus</spn> and <spn>F. vesiculosus</spn>) -- called also <altname>bladder tangle</altname>. See <er>Wrack</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bladder</h1>
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<hw>Blad"der</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bladdered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bladdering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To swell out like a bladder with air; to inflate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>G. Fletcher.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put up in bladders; <as>as, <ex>bladdered</ex> lard</as>.</def>

<h1>Bladderwort</h1>
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<hw>Blad"der*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus (<spn>Utricularia</spn>) of aquatic or marshy plants, which usually bear numerous vesicles in the divisions of the leaves. These serve as traps for minute animals. See <er>Ascidium</er>.</def>

<h1>Bladdery</h1>
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<hw>Blad"der*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having bladders; also, resembling a bladder.</def>

<h1>Blade</h1>
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<hw>Blade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blade</ets>, <ets>blad</ets>, AS. <ets>bl\'91d</ets> leaf; akin to OS., D., Dan., & Sw. <ets>blad</ets>, Icel. <ets>bla<?/</ets>, OHG. <ets>blat</ets>, G. <ets>blatt</ets>, and perh. to L. <ets>folium</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. The root is prob. the same as that of AS. <ets>bl<?/wan</ets>, E. <ets>blow</ets>, to blossom. See <er>Blow</er> to blossom, and cf. <er>Foil</er> leaf of metal.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Properly, the leaf, or flat part of the leaf, of any plant, especially of gramineous plants. The term is sometimes applied to the spire of grasses.</def>

<blockquote>The crimson dulse . . . with its waving <b>blade</b>.
<i>Percival.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>First the <b>blade</b>, then ear, after that the full corn in the ear.
<i>Mark iv. 28.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The cutting part of an instrument; <as>as, the <ex>blade</ex> of a knife or a sword</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The broad part of an oar; also, one of the projecting arms of a screw propeller.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The scapula or shoulder blade.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The principal rafters of a roof.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The four large shell plates on the sides, and the five large ones of the middle, of the carapace of the sea turtle, which yield the best tortoise shell.</def>

<i>De Colange.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A sharp-witted, dashing, wild, or reckless, fellow; -- a word of somewhat indefinite meaning.</def>

<blockquote>He saw a turnkey in a trice
Fetter a troublesome <b>blade</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="152">
Page 152<p>

<h1>Blade</h1>
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<hw>Blade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with a blade.</def>

<h1>Blade</h1>
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<hw>Blade</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To put forth or have a blade.</def>

<blockquote>As sweet a plant, as fair a flower, is faded
As ever in the Muses' garden <b>bladed</b>.
<i>P. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bladebone</h1>
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<hw>Blade"bone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The scapula. See <er>Blade</er>, 4.</def>

<h1>Bladed</h1>
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<hw>Blad"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a blade or blades; as a two-bladed knife.</def>

<blockquote>Decking with liquid pearl the <b>bladed</b> grass.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Divested of blades; <as>as, <ex>bladed</ex> corn</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Composed of long and narrow plates, shaped like the blade of a knife.</def>

<h1>Bladefish</h1>
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<hw>Blade"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A long, thin, marine fish of Europe (<spn>Trichiurus lepturus</spn>); the ribbon fish.</def>

<h1>Bladesmith</h1>
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<hw>Blade"smith`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sword cutler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Blady</h1>
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<hw>Blad"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of blades.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Blady</i> grass."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Bl\'91</h1>
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<hw>Bl\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Blue</er>.]</ety> <def>Dark blue or bluish gray; lead-colored.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Bl\'91berry</h1>
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<hw>Bl\'91"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bl\'91</ets> + <ets>berry</ets>; akin to Icel <ets>bl\'beber</ets>, Sw. <ets>bl<?/b\'84r</ets>, D. <ets>blaab\'91r</ets>. Cf. <er>Blueberry</er>.]</ety> <def>The bilberry.</def> <mark>[North of Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Blague</h1>
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<hw>Blague</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Mendacious boasting; falcefood; humbug.</def>

<h1>Blain</h1>
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<hw>Blain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blein</ets>, <ets>bleyn</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/gen</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>blegn</ets>, D. <ets>blein</ets>; perh. fr. the same root as E. <ets>bladder</ets>. See <er>Bladder</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inflammatory swelling or sore; a bulla, pustule, or blister.</def>

<blockquote>Blotches and <b>blains</b> must all his flesh emboss.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A bladder growing on the root of the tongue of a horse, against the windpipe, and stopping the breath.</def>

<h1>Blamable</h1>
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<hw>Blam"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bl\'83mable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deserving of censure; faulty; culpable; reprehensible; censurable; blameworthy.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Blam"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Blam"a*bly</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Blame</h1>
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<hw>Blame</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blamed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blaming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blamen</ets>, F. <ets>bl\'83r</ets>, OF. <ets>blasmer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>blasphemare</ets> to blaspheme, LL. also to blame, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to speak ill to slander, to blaspheme, fr. <ets><?/</ets> evil speaking, perh, for <ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> injury (fr. <ets><?/</ets> to injure) + <ets><?/</ets> a saying, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to say. Cf. <er>Blaspheme</er>, and see <er>Fame</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To censure; to express disapprobation of; to find fault with; to reproach.</def>

<blockquote>We have none to <b>blame</b> but ourselves.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring reproach upon; to blemish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote> She . . . <b>blamed</b> her noble blood.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To blame</col>, <cd>to be blamed, or deserving blame; in fault; as, the conductor was <i>to blame<i> for the accident.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>You were <b>to blame</b>, I must be plain with you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blame</h1>
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<hw>Blame</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blame</ets>, fr. F. <ets>bl\'83me</ets>, OF. <ets>blasme</ets>, fr. <ets>bl\'83mer</ets>, OF. <ets>blasmer</ets>, to blame. See <er>Blame</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An expression of disapprobation fir something deemed to be wrong; imputation of fault; censure.</def>

<blockquote>Let me bear the <b>blame</b> forever.
<i>Gen. xiiii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is deserving of censure or disapprobation; culpability; fault; crime; sin.</def>

<blockquote>Holy and without <b>blame</b> before him in love.
<i> Eph. i. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hurt; injury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Spenser.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Censure; reprehension; condemnation; reproach; fault; sin; crime; wrongdoing.</syn>

<h1>Blameful</h1>
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<hw>Blame"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Faulty; meriting blame.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attributing blame or fault; implying or conveying censure; faultfinding; censorious.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Blame"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Blame"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Blameless</h1>
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<hw>Blame"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from blame; without fault; innocent; guiltless; -- sometimes followed by <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>A bishop then must be <b>blameless</b>.
<i> 1 Tim. iii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Blameless</b> still of arts that polish to deprave.
<i>Mallet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We will be <b>blameless</b> of this thine oath.
<i>Josh. ii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Irreproachable; sinless; unblemished; inculpable.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Blameless</er>, <er>Spotless</er>, <er>Faultless</er>, <er>Stainless</er>. We speak of a thing as <i>blameless</i> when it is free from blame, or the just imputation of fault; as, a <i>blameless</i> life or character. The others are stronger. We speak of a thing as <i>faultless</i>, <i>stainless</i>, or <i>spotless</i>, only when we mean that it is absolutely <i>without</i> fault or blemish; as, a <i>spotless</i> or <i>stainless</i> reputation; a <i>faultless</i> course of conduct. The last three words apply only to the general character, while <i>blameless</i> may be used in reverence to particular points; as, in this transaction he was wholly <i>blameless</i>. We also apply <i>faultless</i> to personal appearance; as, a <i>faultless</i> figure; which can not be done in respect to any of the other words.</usage>

<h1>Blamelessly</h1>
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<hw>Blame"less*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a blameless manner.</def>

<h1>Blamelessness</h1>
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<hw>Blame"less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being blameless; innocence.</def>

<h1>Blamer</h1>
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<hw>Blam"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who blames.</def>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Blameworthy</h1>
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<hw>Blame"wor`thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deserving blame; culpable; reprehensible.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Blame"wor`thi*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Blancard</h1>
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<hw>Blan"card</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>blanc</ets> white.]</ety> <def>A kind of linen cloth made in Normandy, the thread of which is partly blanches before it is woven.</def>

<h1>Blanch</h1>
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<hw>Blanch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blanched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blanching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blanchen</ets>, <ets>blaunchen</ets>, F. <ets>blanchir</ets>, fr. <ets>blanc</ets> white. See <er>Blank</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To take the color out of, and make white; to bleach; <as>as, to <ex>blanch</ex> linen; age has <ex>blanched</ex> his hair.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gardening)</fld> <def>To bleach by excluding the light, as the stalks or leaves of plants, by earthing them up or tying them together.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Confectionery & Cookery)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To make white by removing the skin of, as by scalding; <as>as, to <ex>blanch</ex> almonds</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To whiten, as the surface of meat, by plunging into boiling water and afterwards into cold, so as to harden the surface and retain the juices.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give a white luster to (silver, before stamping, in the process of coining.).</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To cover (sheet iron) with a coating of tin.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Fig.: To whiten; to give a favorable appearance to; to whitewash; to palliate.</def>

<blockquote><b>Blanch</b> over the blackest and most absurd things.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Blanch</er>, <er>Whiten</er>.</syn> <usage> To <i>whiten</i> is the generic term, denoting, to render white; as, to <i>whiten</i> the walls of a room. Usually (though not of necessity) this is supposed to be done by placing some white coloring matter in or upon the surface of the object in question. To <i>blanch</i> is to whiten by the removal of coloring matter; as, to <i>blanch</i> linen. So the cheek is <i>blanched</i> by fear, i. e., by the withdrawal of the blood, which leaves it white.</usage>

<h1>Blanch</h1>
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<hw>Blanch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow or become white; <as>as, his cheek <ex>blanched</ex> with fear; the rose <ex>blanches</ex> in the sun.</as></def>

<blockquote>[Bones] <b>blanching</b> on the grass.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blanch</h1>
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<hw>Blanch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Blench</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To avoid, as from fear; to evade; to leave unnoticed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ifs and ands to qualify the words of treason, whereby every man might express his malice and <b>blanch</b> his danger.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I suppose you will not <b>blanch</b> Paris in your way.
<i>Reliq. Wot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to turn aside or back; <as>as, to <ex>blanch</ex> a deer</as>.</def>

<h1>Blanch</h1>
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<hw>Blanch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To use evasion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Books will speak plain, when counselors <b>blanch</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blanch</h1>
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<hw>Blanch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Ore, not in masses, but mixed with other minerals.</def>

<h1>Blancher</h1>
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<hw>Blanch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, blanches or whitens; esp., one who anneals and cleanses money; also, a chemical preparation for this purpose.</def>

<h1>Blancher</h1>
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<hw>Blanch"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, frightens away or turns aside.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And Gynecia, a <b>blancher</b>, which kept the dearest deer from her.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And so even now hath he divers <b>blanchers</b> belonging to the market, to let and stop the light of the gospel.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blanch holding</h1>
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<hw>Blanch" hold`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A mode of tenure by the payment of a small duty in white rent (silver) or otherwise.</def>

<h1>Blanchimeter</h1>
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<hw>Blanch*im"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[1st <ets>blanch</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the bleaching power of chloride of lime and potash; a chlorometer.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Blancmange</h1>
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<hw>Blanc*mange"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>blancmanger</ets>, lit. white food; <ets>blanc</ets> white + <ets>manger</ets> to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A preparation for desserts, etc., made from isinglass, sea moss, cornstarch, or other gelatinous or starchy substance, with mild, usually sweetened and flavored, and shaped in a mold.</def>

<h1>Blancmanger</h1>
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<hw>Blanc*man"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Blancmange</er>.]</ety> <def>A sort of fricassee with white sauce, variously made of capon, fish, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bland</h1>
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<hw>Bland</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>blandus</ets>, of unknown origin.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Mild; soft; gentle; smooth and soothing in manner; suave; <as>as, a bland temper; <ex>bland</ex> persuasion; a <ex>bland</ex> sycophant.</as></def> "Exhilarating vapor <i>bland</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having soft and soothing qualities; not drastic or irritating; not stimulating; <as>as, a <ex>bland</ex> oil; a <ex>bland</ex> diet.</as></def>

<h1>Blandation</h1>
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<hw>Blan*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>blanditia</ets>, <ets>blandities</ets>, fr. <ets>blandus</ets>. See <er>Bland</er>.]</ety> <def>Flattery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Blandiloquence</h1>
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<hw>Blan*dil"o*quence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>blandiloquentia</ets>; <ets>blandus</ets> mild + <ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>Mild, flattering speech.</def>

<h1>Blandiloquous, Blandiloquious</h1>
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<hw><hw>Blan*dil"o*quous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Blan*di*lo"qui*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fair-spoken; flattering.</def>

<h1>Blandise</h1>
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<hw>Blan"dise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Same word as <er>Blandish</er>.]</ety> <def>To blandish any one.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Blandish</h1>
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<hw>Blan"dish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blandished</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blandishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blaundisen</ets>, F. <ets>blandir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>blandiri</ets>, fr. <ets>blandus</ets> mild, flattering.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To flatter with kind words or affectionate actions; to caress; to cajole.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make agreeable and enticing.</def>

<blockquote>Mustering all her wiles,
With <b>blandished</b> parleys.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blandisher</h1>
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<hw>Blan"dish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who uses blandishments.</def>

<h1>Blandishment</h1>
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<hw>Blan"dish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>blandissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of blandishing; a word or act expressive of affection or kindness, and tending to win the heart; soft words and artful caresses; cajolery; allurement.</def>

<blockquote>Cowering low with <b>blandishment</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Attacked by royal smiles, by female <b>blandishments</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blandly</h1>
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<hw>Bland"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a bland manner; mildly; suavely.</def>

<h1>Blandness</h1>
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<hw>Bland"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being bland.</def>

<h1>Blank</h1>
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<hw>Blank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blank</ets>, <ets>blonc</ets>, <ets>blaunc</ets>, <ets>blaunche</ets>, fr. F. <ets>blanc</ets>, fem. <ets>blanche</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>blanch</ets> shining, bright, white, G. <ets>blank</ets>; akin to E. <ets>blink</ets>, cf. also AS. <ets>blanc</ets> white. <?/98. See <er>Blink</er>, and cf. 1st <er>Blanch</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of a white or pale color; without color.</def>

<blockquote>To the <b>blank</b> moon
Her office they prescribed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free from writing, printing, or marks; having an empty space to be filled in with some special writing; -- said of checks, official documents, etc.; <as>as, <ex>blank</ex> paper; a <ex>blank</ex> check; a <ex>blank</ex> ballot.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Utterly confounded or discomfited.</def>

<blockquote>Adam . . . astonied stood, and <b>blank</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Empty; void; without result; fruitless; <as>as, a <ex>blank</ex> space; a <ex>blank</ex> day.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Lacking characteristics which give variety; <as>as, a <ex>blank</ex> desert; a <i>blank</i> wall; destitute of interests, affections, hopes, etc.; <as>as, to live a <ex>blank</ex> existence</as>; destitute of sensations; <as>as, <ex>blank</ex> unconsciousness</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Lacking animation and intelligence, or their associated characteristics, as expression of face, look, etc.; expressionless; vacant.</def> "<i>Blank</i> and horror-stricken faces."

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>blank</b> . . . glance of a half returned consciousness.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Absolute; downright; unmixed; <as>as, <ex>blank</ex> terror</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Blank bar</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a plea put in to oblige the plaintiff in an action of trespass to assign the certain place where the trespass was committed; -- called also <altname>common bar</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Blank cartridge</col>, <cd>a cartridge containing no ball.</cd> -- <col>Blank deed</col>. <cd>See <er>Deed</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Blank door</col>, &or; <col>Blank window</col></mcol> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a depression in a wall of the size of a door or window, either for symmetrical effect, or for the more convenient insertion of a door or window at a future time, should it be needed.</cd> -- <col>Blank indorsement</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an indorsement which omits the name of the person in whose favor it is made; it is usually made by simply writing the name of the indorser on the back of the bill.</cd> -- <col>Blank line</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a vacant space of the breadth of a line, on a printed page; a line of quadrats.</cd> -- <col>Blank tire</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a tire without a flange.</cd> -- <col>Blank tooling</col>. <cd>See <cref>Blind tooling</cref>, under <er>Blind</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blank verse</col>. <cd>See under <er>Verse</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blank wall</col>, <cd>a wall in which there is no opening; a dead wall.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blank</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any void space; a void space on paper, or in any written instrument; an interval void of consciousness, action, result, etc; a void.</def>

<blockquote>I can not write a paper full, I used to do; and yet I will not forgive a <b>blank</b> of half an inch from you.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>From this time there ensues a long <b>blank</b> in the history of French legislation.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I was ill. I can't tell how long -- it was a <b>blank</b>.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lot by which nothing is gained; a ticket in a lottery on which no prize is indicated.</def>

<blockquote>In Fortune's lottery lies
A heap of <b>blanks</b>, like this, for one small prize.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A paper unwritten; a paper without marks or characters a blank ballot; -- especially, a paper on which are to be inserted designated items of information, for which spaces are left vacant; a bland form.</def>

<blockquote>The freemen signified their approbation by an inscribed vote, and their dissent by a <b>blank</b>.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A paper containing the substance of a legal instrument, as a deed, release, writ, or execution, with spaces left to be filled with names, date, descriptions, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The point aimed at in a target, marked with a white spot; hence, the object to which anything is directed.</def>

<blockquote>Let me still remain
The true <b>blank</b> of thine eye.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Aim; shot; range.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I have stood . . . within the <b>blank</b> of his displeasure
For my free speech.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A kind of base silver money, first coined in England by Henry V., and worth about 8 pence; also, a French coin of the seventeenth century, worth about 4 pence.</def>

<i>Nares.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A piece of metal prepared to be made into something by a further operation, as a coin, screw, nuts.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Dominoes)</fld> <def>A piece or division of a piece, without spots; <as>as, the "double <ex>blank</ex>"; the "six <ex>blank</ex>."</as></def>

<cs><col>In blank</col>, <cd>with an essential portion to be supplied by another; as, to make out a check <i>in blank<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blank</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blank</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blanked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blanking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. 3d <er>Blanch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make void; to annul.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To blanch; to make blank; to damp the spirits of; to dispirit or confuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Each opposite that <b>blanks</b> the face of joy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blanket</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blan"ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>blanchet</ets>, OF. also <ets>blanket</ets>, a woolen waistcoat or shirt, the blanket of a printing press; prop. white woolen stuff, dim. of <ets>blanc</ets> white; <ets>blanquette</ets> a kind of white pear, fr. <ets>blanc</ets> white. See <er>Blank</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A heavy, loosely woven fabric, usually of wool, and having a nap, used in bed clothing; also, a similar fabric used as a robe; or any fabric used as a cover for a horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A piece of rubber, felt, or woolen cloth, used in the tympan to make it soft and elastic.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A streak or layer of blubber in whales.</def>

<note>&hand; The use of blankets formerly as curtains in theaters explains the following figure of Shakespeare.</note>

<i>Nares.</i>

<blockquote>Nor heaven peep through the <b>blanket</b> of the dark
To cry, "Hold, hold!"
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Blanket sheet</col>, <cd>a newspaper of folio size.</cd> -- <col>A wet blanket</col>, <cd>anything which damps, chills, dispirits, or discour<?/ges.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blanket</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blan"ket</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blanketed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blanketing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover with a blanket.</def>

<blockquote>I'll . . . <b>blanket</b> my loins.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To toss in a blanket by way of punishment.</def>

<blockquote>We'll have our men <b>blanket</b> 'em i' the hall.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take the wind out of the sails of (another vessel) by sailing to windward of her.</def>

<cs><col>Blanket cattle</col>. <cd>See <i>Belted cattle<i>, under <er>Belted</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blanketing</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blan"ket*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cloth for blankets.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or punishment of tossing in a blanket.</def>

<blockquote>That affair of the <b>blanketing</b> happened to thee for the fault thou wast guilty of.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blankly</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blank"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a blank manner; without expression; vacuously; <as>as, to stare <ex>blankly</ex></as>.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Directly; flatly; point blank.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Blankness</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blank"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being blank.</def>

<h1>Blanquette</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blan*quette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>blanquette</ets>, from <ets>blanc</ets> white.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A white fricassee.</def>

<h1>Blanquillo</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blan*quil"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>blanquillo</ets> whitish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large fish of Florida and the W. Indies (<spn>Caulolatilus chrysops</spn>). It is red, marked with yellow.</def>

<h1>Blare</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blare</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blared</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blaring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blaren</ets>, <ets>bloren</ets>, to cry, woop; cf. G. <ets>pl\'84rren</ets> to bleat, D. <ets>blaren</ets> to bleat, cry, weep. Prob. an imitative word, but cf. also E. <ets>blast</ets>. Cf. <er>Blore</er>.]</ety> <def>To sound loudly and somewhat harshly.</def> "The trumpet <i>blared</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Blare</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blare</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to sound like the blare of a trumpet; to proclaim loudly.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>blare</b> its own interpretation.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blare</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blare</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The harsh noise of a trumpet; a loud and somewhat harsh noise, like the blast of a trumpet; a roar or bellowing.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>blare</b> of bugle, clamor of men.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His ears are stunned with the thunder's <b>blare</b>.
<i>J. R. Drake.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blarney</h1>
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<hw>Blar"ney</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Blarney</ets>, a village and castle near Cork.]</ety> <def>Smooth, wheedling talk; flattery.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Blarney stone</col>, <cd>a stone in Blarney castle, Ireland, said to make those who kiss it proficient in the use of blarney.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blarney</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Blar"ney</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blarneyed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blarneying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To influence by blarney; to wheedle with smooth talk; to make or accomplish by blarney.</def> "<i>Blarneyed</i> the landlord."

<i>Irving.</i>

<blockquote>Had <b>blarneyed</b> his way from Long Island.
<i> S. G. Goodrich.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blas\'82</h1>
<Xpage=152>

<hw>Bla*s\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. p. of <ets>blaser</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the sensibilities deadened by excess or frequency of enjoyment; sated or surfeited with pleasure; used up.</def>

<hr>
<page="153">
Page 153<p>

<h1>Blaspheme</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blas*pheme"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blasphemed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blaspheming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blasfem<?/n</ets>, L. <ets>blasphemare</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>: cf. F. <ets>blasph\'82mer</ets>. See <er>Blame</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To speak of, or address, with impious irreverence; to revile impiously (anything sacred); <as>as, to <ex>blaspheme</ex> the Holy Spirit</as>.</def>

<blockquote>So Dagon shall be magnified, and God,
Besides whom is no god, compared with idols,
Disglorified, <b>blasphemed</b>, and had in scorn.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How long, O Lord, holy and true, dost thou not judge and avenge thyself on all those who thus continually <b>blaspheme</b> thy great and all-glorious name?
<i> Dr. W. Beveridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Figuratively, of persons and things not religiously sacred, but held in high honor: To calumniate; to revile; to abuse.</def>

<blockquote>You do <b>blaspheme</b> the good in mocking me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those who from our labors heap their board,
<b>Blaspheme</b> their feeder and forget their lord.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blaspheme</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blas*pheme"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To utter blasphemy.</def>

<blockquote>He that shall <b>blaspheme</b> against the Holy Ghost hath never forgiveness.
<i>Mark iii. 29.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blasphemer</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blas*phem"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who blasphemes.</def>

<blockquote>And each <b>blasphemer</b> quite escape the rod,
Because the insult's not on man, but God ?
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blasphemous</h1>
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<hw>Blas"phe*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>blasphemus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>Speaking or writing blasphemy; uttering or exhibiting anything impiously irreverent; profane; <as>as, a <ex>blasphemous</ex> person; containing blasphemy; <as>as, a <ex>blasphemous</ex> book</as>; a <ex>blasphemous</ex> caricature.</as></def> "<i>Blasphemous</i> publications."

<i>Porteus.</i>

<blockquote>Nor from the Holy One of Heaven
Refrained his tongue <b>blasphemous</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Formerly this word was accented on the second syllable, as in the above example.</note>

<h1>Blasphemously</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blas"phe*mous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a blasphemous manner.</def>

<h1>Blasphemy</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blas"phe*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>blasphemia</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>blasphemie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An indignity offered to God in words, writing, or signs; impiously irreverent words or signs addressed to, or used in reference to, God; speaking evil of God; also, the act of claiming the attributes or prerogatives of deity.</def>

<note>&hand; When used generally in statutes or at common law, <i>blasphemy</i> is the use of irreverent words or signs in reference to the Supreme Being in such a way as to produce scandal or provoke violence.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Figuratively, of things held in high honor: Calumny; abuse; vilification.</def>

<blockquote>Punished for his <b>blasphemy</b> against learning.
<i> Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>-blast</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>-blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout, shoot.]</ety> <def>A suffix or terminal formative, used principally in biological terms, and signifying <i>growth</i>, <i>formation</i>; <as>as, bio<ex>blast</ex>, epi<ex>blast</ex>, meso<ex>blast</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Blast</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bl<?/st</ets> a puff of wind, a blowing; akin to Icel. <ets>bl\'bestr</ets>, OHG. <ets>bl\'best</ets>, and fr. a verb akin to Icel. <ets>bl\'besa</ets> to blow, OHG. <ets>bl\'83san</ets>, Goth. <ets>bl<?/san</ets> (in comp.); all prob. from the same root as E. <ets>blow</ets>. See <er>Blow</er> to eject air.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A violent gust of wind.</def>

<blockquote>And see where surly Winter passes off,
Far to the north, and calls his ruffian <b>blasts</b>;
His <b>blasts</b> obey, and quit the howling hill.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A forcible stream of air from an orifice, as from a bellows, the mouth, etc. Hence: The continuous blowing to which one charge of ore or metal is subjected in a furnace; <as>as, to melt so many tons of iron at a <ex>blast</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The terms <i>hot blast</i> and <i>cold blast</i> are employed to designate whether the current is heated or not heated before entering the furnace. A blast furnace is said to be <i>in blast</i> while it is in operation, and <i>out of blast</i> when not in use.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The exhaust steam from and engine, driving a column of air out of a boiler chimney, and thus creating an intense draught through the fire; also, any draught produced by the blast.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The sound made by blowing a wind instrument; strictly, the sound produces at one breath.</def>

<blockquote>One <b>blast</b> upon his bugle horn
Were worth a thousand men.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>blast</b> of triumph o'er thy grave.
<i>Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A sudden, pernicious effect, as if by a noxious wind, especially on animals and plants; a blight.</def>

<blockquote>By the <b>blast</b> of God they perish.
<i>Job iv. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Virtue preserved from fell destruction's <b>blast</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The act of rending, or attempting to rend, heavy masses of rock, earth, etc., by the explosion of gunpowder, dynamite, etc.; also, the charge used for this purpose.</def> "Large <i>blasts</i> are often used."

<i> Tomlinson.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A flatulent disease of sheep.</def>

<cs><col>Blast furnace</col>, <cd>a furnace, usually a shaft furnace for smelting ores, into which air is forced by pressure.</cd> -- <col>Blast hole</col>, <cd>a hole in the bottom of a pump stock through which water enters.</cd> -- <col>Blast nozzle</col>, <cd>a fixed or variable orifice in the delivery end of a blast pipe; -- called also <altname>blast orifice</altname>.</cd> -- <col>In full blast</col>, <cd>in complete operation; in a state of great activity. See <er>Blast</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Blast</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blast</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blasted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blasting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To injure, as by a noxious wind; to cause to wither; to stop or check the growth of, and prevent from fruit-bearing, by some pernicious influence; to blight; to shrivel.</def>

<blockquote>Seven thin ears, and <b>blasted</b> with the east wind.
<i>Gen. xii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to affect with some sudden violence, plague, calamity, or blighting influence, which destroys or causes to fail; to visit with a curse; to curse; to ruin; <as>as, to <ex>blast</ex> pride, hopes, or character</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I'll cross it, though it <b>blast</b> me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Blasted</b> with excess of light.
<i>T. Gray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To confound by a loud blast or din.</def>

<blockquote>Trumpeters,
With brazen din <b>blast</b> you the city's ear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To rend open by any explosive agent, as gunpowder, dynamite, etc.; to shatter; <as>as, to <ex>blast</ex> rocks</as>.</def>

<h1>Blast</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blast</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be blighted or withered; <as>as, the bud <ex>blasted</ex> in the blossom</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To blow; to blow on a trumpet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Toke his blake trumpe faste
And gan to puffen and to <b>blaste</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blasted</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blast"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Blighted; withered.</def>

<blockquote>Upon this <b>blasted</b> heath. <b>Shak</b>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Confounded; accursed; detestable.</def>

<blockquote>Some of her own <b>blasted</b> gypsies.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Rent open by an explosive.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>blasted</b> quarry thunders, heard remote.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blastema</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blas*te"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Blastemata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> bud, sprout.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The structureless, protoplasmic tissue of the embryo; the primitive basis of an organ yet unformed, from which it grows.</def>

<h1>Blastemal</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blas*te"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to the blastema; rudimentary.</def>

<h1>Blastematic</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blas`te*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Connected with, or proceeding from, the blastema; blastemal.</def>

<h1>Blaster</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blast"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, blasts or destroys.</def>

<h1>Blastide</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blas"tide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.  <ets><?/</ets> sprout, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to grow.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A small, clear space in the segments of the ovum, the precursor of the nucleus.</def>

<h1>Blasting</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blast"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A blast; destruction by a blast, or by some pernicious cause.</def>

<blockquote>I have smitten you with <b>blasting</b> and mildew.
<i>Amos iv. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or process of one who, or that which, blasts; the business of one who blasts.</def>

<h1>Blastment</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blast"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sudden stroke or injury produced by some destructive cause.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Blastocarpous</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blas`to*car"pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout, germ + <ets><?/</ets> fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Germinating inside the pericarp, as the mangrove.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Blastoc</le</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blas"to*c<?/le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout + <ets><?/</ets> hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The cavity of the blastosphere, or segmentation cavity.</def>

<h1>Blastocyst</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blas"to*cyst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout + E. <ets>cyst</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The germinal vesicle.</def>

<h1>Blastoderm</h1>
<Xpage=153>

<hw>Blas"to*derm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout + E. <ets>derm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The germinal membrane in an ovum, from which the embryo is developed.</def>

<h1>Blastodermatic, Blastodermic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Blas`to*der*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Blas`to*der"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the blastoderm.</def>

<h1>Blastogenesis</h1>
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<hw>Blas`to*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout + E. <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Multiplication or increase by gemmation or budding.</def>

<h1>Blastoid</h1>
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<hw>Blas"toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Blastoidea.</def>

<h1>Blastoidea</h1>
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<hw>Blas*toid"e*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the divisions of Crinoidea found fossil in paleozoic rocks; pentremites. They are so named on account of their budlike form.</def>

<h1>Blastomere</h1>
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<hw>Blas"to*mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the segments first formed by the division of the ovum.</def>

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Blastophoral, Blastophoric</h1>
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<hw><hw>Blas`toph"o*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Blas`to*phor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the blastophore.</def>

<h1>Blastophore</h1>
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<hw>Blas"to*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout + <ets><?/</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That portion of the spermatospore which is not converted into spermatoblasts, but carries them.</def>

<h1>Blastopore</h1>
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<hw>Blas"to*pore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout + E. <ets>pore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The pore or opening leading into the cavity of invagination, or archenteron.</def> <note>[See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Invagination</er>.]</note>

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Blastosphere</h1>
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<hw>Blas"to*sphere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout + E. <ets>sphere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The hollow globe or sphere formed by the arrangement of the blastomeres on the periphery of an impregnated ovum.</def> <note>[See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Invagination</er>.]</note>

<h1>Blastostyle</h1>
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<hw>Blas"to*style</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout, bud + <ets><?/</ets> a pillar.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>In certain hydroids, an imperfect zooid, whose special function is to produce medusoid buds. See <er>Hydroidea</er>, and <er>Athecata</er>.</def>

<h1>Blast pipe</h1>
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<hw>Blast" pipe`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The exhaust pipe of a steam engine, or any pipe delivering steam or air, when so constructed as to cause a blast.</def>

<h1>Blastula</h1>
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<hw>Blas"tu*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., dim. of Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a sprout.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That stage in the development of the ovum in which the outer cells of the morula become more defined and form the blastoderm.</def>

<h1>Blastule</h1>
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<hw>Blas"tule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Blastula</er>.</def>

<h1>Blasty</h1>
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<hw>Blast"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Affected by blasts; gusty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing blast or injury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Blat</h1>
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<hw>Blat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To cry, as a calf or sheep; to bleat; to make a senseless noise; to talk inconsiderately.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Blat</h1>
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<hw>Blat</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter inconsiderately.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<blockquote>If I have anything on my mind, I have to <b>blat</b> it right out.
<i>W. D. Howells.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blatancy</h1>
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<hw>Bla"tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Blatant quality.</def>

<h1>Blatant</h1>
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<hw>Bla"tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Bleat</er>.]</ety> <def>Bellowing, as a calf; bawling; brawling; clamoring; disagreeably clamorous; sounding loudly and harshly.</def> "Harsh and <i>blatant</i> tone."

<i>R. H. Dana.</i>

<blockquote>A monster, which the <b>blatant</b> beast men call.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Glory, that <b>blatant</b> word, which haunts some military minds like the bray of the trumpet.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blatantly</h1>
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<hw>Bla"tant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a blatant manner.</def>

<h1>Blatherskite</h1>
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<hw>Blath"er*skite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A blustering, talkative fellow.</def> <mark>[Local slang, U. S.]</mark>

<i>Barllett.</i>

<h1>Blatter</h1>
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<hw>Blat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blattered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>blaterare</ets> to babble: cf. F. <ets>blat\'82rer</ets> to bleat.]</ety> <def>To prate; to babble; to rail; to make a senseless noise; to patter.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "The rain <i>blattered</i>."

<i>Jeffrey.</i>

<blockquote>They procured . . . preachers to <b>blatter</b> against me, . . . so that they had place and time to belie me shamefully.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blatteration</h1>
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<hw>Blat`ter*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>blateratio</ets> a babbling.]</ety> <def>Blattering.</def>

<h1>Blatterer</h1>
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<hw>Blat"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who blatters; a babbler; a noisy, blustering boaster.</def>

<h1>Blattering</h1>
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<hw>Blat"ter*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Senseless babble or boasting.</def>

<h1>Blatteroon</h1>
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<hw>Blat`ter*oon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>blatero</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>.]</ety> <def>A senseless babbler or boaster.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "I hate such <i>blatteroons</i>."

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Blaubok</h1>
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<hw>Blau"bok</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>blauwbok</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The blue buck. See <cref>Blue buck</cref>, under <er>Blue</er>.</def>

<h1>Blay</h1>
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<hw>Blay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bl<?/ge</ets>, fr. <ets>bl<?/c</ets>, bleak, white; akin to Icel. <ets>bleikja</ets>, OHG. <ets>bleicha</ets>, G. <ets>bleihe</ets>. See <er>Bleak</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish. See <er>Bleak</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Blaze</h1>
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<hw>Blaze</hw> <tt>(bl&amac;z)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blase</ets>, AS. <ets>bl\'91se</ets>, <ets>blase</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>blass</ets> whitish, G. <ets>blass</ets> pale, MHG. <ets>blas</ets> torch, Icel. <ets>blys</ets> torch; perh. fr. the same root as E. <ets>blast</ets>.  Cf. <er>Blast</er>, <er>Blush</er>, <er>Blink</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A stream of gas or vapor emitting light and heat in the process of combustion; a bright flame.</def> "To heaven the <i>blaze</i> uprolled."

<i>Croly.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Intense, direct light accompanied with heat; <as>as, to seek shelter from the <ex>blaze</ex> of the sun</as>.</def>

<blockquote>O dark, dark, dark, amid the <b>blaze</b> of noon!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A bursting out, or active display of any quality; an outburst; a brilliant display.</def>  "Fierce <i>blaze</i> of riot."  "His <i>blaze</i> of wrath."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>For what is glory but the <b>blaze</b> of fame?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <wordforms>[Cf. D. <tt>bles</tt>; akin to E. <tt>blaze</tt> light.]</wordforms> <def>A white spot on the forehead of a horse.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A spot made on trees by chipping off a piece of the bark, usually as a surveyor's mark.</def>

<blockquote>Three <b>blazes</b> in a perpendicular line on the same tree indicating a legislative road, the single blaze a settlement or neighborhood road.
<i>Carlton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>In a blaze</col>, <cd>on fire; burning with a flame; filled with, giving, or reflecting light; excited or exasperated.</cd> -- <col>Like blazes</col>, <cd>furiously; rapidly. <mark>[Low]</mark> "The horses did along <i>like blazes<i> tear."</cd></cs>

<i>Poem in Essex dialect.</i>

<note>&hand; In <i>low</i> language in the U. S., <i>blazes</i> is frequently used of something extreme or excessive, especially of something very bad; as, blue as <i>blazes</i>.</note>

<i>Neal.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Blaze</er>, <er>Flame</er>.</syn> <usage> A <i>blaze</i> and a <i>flame</i> are both produced by burning gas. In <i>blaze</i> the idea of light rapidly evolved is prominent, with or without heat; as, the <i>blaze</i> of the sun or of a meteor. <i>Flame</i> includes a stronger notion of heat; as, he perished in the <i>flames</i>.</usage>

<h1>Blaze</h1>
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<hw>Blaze</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blazed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blazing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shine with flame; to glow with flame; <as>as, the fire <ex>blazes</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To send forth or reflect glowing or brilliant light; to show a blaze.</def>

<blockquote>And far and wide the icy summit <b>blazed</b>.
<i> Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be resplendent.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<cs><col>To blaze away</col>, <cd>to discharge a firearm, or to continue firing; -- said esp. of a number of persons, as a line of soldiers. Also used (<i>fig<i>.) of speech or action. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Blaze</h1>
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<hw>Blaze</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To mark (a tree) by chipping off a piece of the bark.</def>

<blockquote>I found my way by the <b>blazed</b> trees.
<i>Hoffman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To designate by blazing; to mark out, as by blazed trees; <as>as, to <ex>blaze</ex> a line or path</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Champollion died in 1832, having done little more than <b>blaze</b> out the road to be traveled by others.
<i>Nott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blaze</h1>
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<hw>Blaze</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blasen</ets> to blow; perh. confused with <ets>blast</ets> and <ets>blaze</ets> a flame, OE. <ets>blase</ets>. Cf. <er>Blaze</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and see <er>Blast</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make public far and wide; to make known; to render conspicuous.</def>

<blockquote>On charitable lists he <b>blazed</b> his name.
<i> Pollok.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>blaze</b> those virtues which the good would hide.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>To blazon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Peacham.</i>

<h1>Blazer</h1>
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<hw>Blaz"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who spreads reports or blazes matters abroad.</def> "<i>Blazers</i> of crime."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Blazing</h1>
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<hw>Blaz"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Burning with a blaze; <as>as, a <ex>blazing</ex> fire; <ex>blazing</ex> torches.</as></def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<cs><col>Blazing star</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A comet. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> A brilliant center of attraction. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> A name given to several plants; as, to <spn>Cham\'91lirium luteum</spn> of the Lily family; <spn>Liatris squarrosa</spn>; and <spn>Aletris farinosa</spn>, called also <altname>colicroot</altname> and <altname>star grass</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blazon</h1>
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<hw>Bla"zon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blason</ets>, <ets>blasoun</ets>, shield, fr. F. <ets>blason</ets> coat of arms, OF. shield, from the root of AS. <ets>bl\'91se</ets> blaze, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., luster, splendor, MHG. <ets>blas</ets> torch See <er>Blaze</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shield.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An heraldic shield; a coat of arms, or a bearing on a coat of arms; armorial bearings.</def>

<blockquote>Their <b>blazon</b> o'er his towers displayed.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The art or act of describing or depicting heraldic bearings in the proper language or manner.</def>

<i>Peacham.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Ostentatious display, either by words or other means; publication; show; description; record.</def>

<blockquote>Obtrude the <b>blazon</b> of their exploits upon the company.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thy tongue, thy face, thy limbs, actions, and spirit,
Do give thee fivefold <b>blazon</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blazon</h1>
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<hw>Bla"zon</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blazoned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blazoning</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <ets>blazon</ets>, n.; confused with 4th <ets>blaze</ets>: cf. F. <ets>blasonner</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To depict in colors; to display; to exhibit conspicuously; to publish or make public far and wide.</def>

<blockquote>Thyself thou <b>blazon'st</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There pride sits <b>blazoned</b> on th' unmeaning brow.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>blazon</b> his own worthless name.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deck; to embellish; to adorn.</def>

<blockquote>She <b>blazons</b> in dread smiles her hideous form.
<i>Garth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>To describe in proper terms (the figures of heraldic devices); also, to delineate (armorial bearings); to emblazon.</def>

<blockquote>The coat of , arms, which I am not herald enough to <b>blazon</b> into English.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blazon</h1>
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<hw>Bla"zon</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To shine; to be conspicuous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Blazoner</h1>
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<hw>Bla"zon*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gives publicity, proclaims, or blazons; esp., one who blazons coats of arms; a herald.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<hr>
<page="154">
Page 154<p>

<h1>Blazonment</h1>
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<hw>Bla"zon*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or blazoning; blazoning; emblazonment.</def>

<h1>Blazonry</h1>
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<hw>Bla"zon*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Same as <er>Blazon</er>, 3.</def>

<blockquote>The principles of <b>blazonry</b>.
<i>Peacham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A coat of arms; an armorial bearing or bearings.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>blazonry</b> of Argyle.
<i>Lord Dufferin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Artistic representation or display.</def>

<h1>Blea</h1>
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<hw>Blea</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The part of a tree which lies immediately under the bark; the alburnum or sapwood.</def>

<h1>Bleaberry</h1>
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<hw>Blea"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Blaeberry</er>.</def>

<h1>Bleach</h1>
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<hw>Bleach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bleached</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bleaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blakien</ets>, <ets>blechen</ets>, v. t. & v. i., AS. bl\'be<ets>cian</ets>, <ets>bl<?/can</ets>, to grow pale; akin to Icel. <ets>bleikja</ets>, Sw. <ets>bleka</ets>, Dan. <ets>blege</ets>, D. <ets>bleeken</ets>, G. <ets>bleichen</ets>, AS. <ets>bl\'bec</ets> pale. See <er>Bleak</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To make white, or whiter; to remove the color, or stains, from; to blanch; to whiten.</def>

<blockquote>The destruction of the coloring matters attached to the bodies to be <b>bleached</b> is effected either by the action of the air and light, of chlorine, or of sulphurous acid.
<i>Ure.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Immortal liberty, whose look sublime
Hath <b>bleached</b> the tyrant's cheek in every varying clime.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bleach</h1>
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<hw>Bleach</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow white or lose color; to whiten.</def>

<h1>Bleached</h1>
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<hw>Bleached</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Whitened; make white.</def>

<blockquote>Let their <b>bleached</b> bones, and blood's unbleaching stain,
Long mark the battlefield with hideous awe.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bleacher</h1>
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<hw>Bleach"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who whitens, or whose occupation is to whiten, by bleaching.</def>

<h1>Bleachery</h1>
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<hw>Bleach"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bleacheries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A place or an establishment where bleaching is done.</def>

<h1>Bleaching</h1>
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<hw>Bleach"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of whitening, by removing color or stains; esp. the process of whitening fabrics by chemical agents.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<cs><col>Bleaching powder</col>, <cd>a powder for bleaching, consisting of chloride of lime, or some other chemical or chemicals.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bleak</h1>
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<hw>Bleak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blac</ets>, <ets>bleyke</ets>, <ets>bleche</ets>, AS. <ets>bl\'bec</ets>, <ets>bl<?/c</ets>, pale, wan; akin to Icel.  <ets>bleikr</ets>, Sw. <ets>blek</ets>, Dan. <ets>bleg</ets>, OS. <ets>bl<?/k</ets>, D. <ets>bleek</ets>, OHG. <ets>pleih</ets>, G.  <ets>bleich</ets>; all from the root of AS. <ets>bl\'c6can</ets> to shine; akin to OHG. <ets>bl\'c6chen</ets> to shine; cf. L. <ets>flagrare</ets> to burn, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to burn, shine, Skr. <ets>bhr\'bej</ets> to shine, and E. <ets>flame</ets>. <?/98. Cf. <er>Bleach</er>, <er>Blink</er>, <er>Flame</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without color; pale; pallid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When she came out she looked as pale and as <b>bleak</b> as one that were laid out dead.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Desolate and exposed; swept by cold winds.</def>

<blockquote>Wastes too <b>bleak</b> to rear
The common growth of earth, the foodful ear.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>At daybreak, on the <b>bleak</b> sea beach.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Cold and cutting; cheerless; <as>as, a <ex>bleak</ex> blast</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Bleak"ish</wf>, <tt>a.</tt> -- <wf>Bleak"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Bleak"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bleak</h1>
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<hw>Bleak</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bleak</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, cf. <er>Blay</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European river fish <spn>(Leuciscus alburnus)</spn>, of the family Cyprinid\'91; the blay.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>blick</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; The silvery pigment lining the scales of the <i>bleak</i> is used in the manufacture of artificial pearls.</note>

<i>Baird.</i>

<h1>Bleaky</h1>
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<hw>Bleak"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bleak.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Blear</h1>
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<hw>Blear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Blear</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dim or sore with water or rheum; -- said of the eyes.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>blear</b> eyes ran in gutters to his chin.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing or caused by dimness of sight; dim.</def>

<blockquote>Power to cheat the eye with <b>blear</b> illusion.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blear</h1>
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<hw>Blear</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bleared</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bleren</ets>; cf. Dan. <ets>plire</ets> to blink, Sw. <ets>plira</ets> to twinkle, wink, LG. <ets>plieren</ets>; perh. from the same root as E. <ets>blink</ets>. See <er>Blink</er>, and cf. <er>Blur</er>.]</ety> <def>To make somewhat sore or watery, as the eyes; to dim, or blur, as the sight. Figuratively: To obscure (mental or moral perception); to blind; to hoodwink.</def>

<blockquote>That tickling rheums
Should ever tease the lungs and <b>blear</b> the sight.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To blear the eye of</col>, <cd>to deceive; to impose upon. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bleared</h1>
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<hw>Bleared</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dimmed, as by a watery humor; affected with rheum.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Blear"ed*ness</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Dardanian wives,
With <b>bleared</b> visages, come forth to view
The issue of the exploit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bleareye</h1>
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<hw>Blear"eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease of the eyelids, consisting in chronic inflammation of the margins, with a gummy secretion of sebaceous matter.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Blear-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Blear"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having sore eyes; having the eyes dim with rheum; dim-sighted.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>blear-eyed</b> Crispin.
<i>Drant.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lacking in perception or penetration; short-sighted; <as>as, a <ex>blear-eyed</ex> bigot</as>.</def>

<h1>Bleareyedness</h1>
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<hw>Blear"eyed`ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being blear-eyed.</def>

<h1>Bleary</h1>
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<hw>Blear"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat blear.</def>

<h1>Bleat</h1>
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<hw>Bleat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bleated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bleating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bleten</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/tan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>blaten</ets>, <ets>bleeten</ets>, OHG. <ets>bl\'bezan</ets>, <ets>pl\'bezan</ets>; prob. of imitative origin.]</ety> <def>To make the noise of, or one like that of, a sheep; to cry like a sheep or calf.</def>

<blockquote>Then suddenly was heard along the main,
To low the ox, to <b>bleat</b> the woolly train.
<i>Pope</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ewe that will not hear her lamb when it baas, will never answer a calf when he <b>bleats</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bleat</h1>
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<hw>Bleat</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A plaintive cry of, or like that of, a sheep.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>bleat</b> of fleecy sheep.
<i>Chapman's Homer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bleater</h1>
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<hw>Bleat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bleats; a sheep.</def>

<blockquote>In cold, stiff soils the <b>bleaters</b> oft complain
Of gouty ails.
<i>Dyer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bleating</h1>
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<hw>Bleat"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Crying as a sheep does.</def>

<blockquote>Then came the shepherd back with his <b>bleating</b> flocks from the seaside.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bleating</h1>
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<hw>Bleat"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The cry of, or as of, a sheep.</def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Bleb</h1>
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<hw>Bleb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>bleb</ets>, <ets>bleib</ets>, <ets>blob</ets>, bubble, blister. This word belongs to the root of <ets>blub</ets>, <ets>blubber</ets>, <ets>blabber</ets>, and perh. <ets>blow</ets> to puff.]</ety> <def>A large vesicle or bulla, usually containing a serous fluid; a blister; a bubble, as in water, glass, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Arsenic abounds with air <b>blebs</b>.
<i>Kirwan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blebby</h1>
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<hw>Bleb"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing blebs, or characterized by blebs; <as>as, <ex>blebby</ex> glass</as>.</def>

<h1>Bleck, Blek</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bleck</hw>, <hw>Blek</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To blacken; also, to defile.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Bled</h1>
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<hw>Bled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Bleed</er>.</def>

<h1>Blee</h1>
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<hw>Blee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ble\'a2</ets>, <ets>ble\'a2h</ets>.]</ety> <def>Complexion; color; hue; likeness; form.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>For him which is so bright of <b>blee</b>.
<i>Lament. of Mary Magd.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That boy has a strong <b>blee</b> of his father.
<i>Forby.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bleed</h1>
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<hw>Bleed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bleeding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bleden</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/dan</ets>, fr. <ets>bl<?/d</ets> blood; akin to Sw. <ets>bl\'94da</ets>, Dan. <ets>bl\'94de</ets>, D. <ets>bloeden</ets>, G. <ets>bluten</ets>. See <er>Blood</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To emit blood; to lose blood; to run with blood, by whatever means; <as>as, the arm <ex>bleeds</ex>; the wound <ex>bled</ex> freely; to <ex>bleed</ex> at the nose.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To withdraw blood from the body; to let blood; <as>as, Dr</as>. A. <i>bleeds</i> in fevers.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lose or shed one's blood, as in case of a violent death or severe wounds; to die by violence.</def> "C\'91sar must <i>bleed</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The lamb thy riot dooms to <b>bleed</b> to-day.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To issue forth, or drop, as blood from an incision.</def>

<blockquote>For me the balm shall <b>bleed</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To lose sap, gum, or juice; <as>as, a tree or a vine <ex>bleeds</ex> when tapped or wounded</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To pay or lose money; to have money drawn or extorted; <as>as, to <ex>bleed</ex> freely for a cause</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>To make the heart bleed</col>, <cd>to cause extreme pain, as from sympathy or pity.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bleed</h1>
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<hw>Bleed</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To let blood from; to take or draw blood from, as by opening a vein.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lose, as blood; to emit or let drop, as sap.</def>

<blockquote>A decaying pine of stately size, <b>bleeding</b> amber.
<i>H. Miller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To draw money from (one); to induce to pay; <as>as, they <ex>bled</ex> him freely for this fund</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Bleeder</h1>
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<hw>Bleed"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who, or that which, draws blood.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One in whom slight wounds give rise to profuse or uncontrollable bleeding.</def>
<-- hemophiliac. -->

<h1>Bleeding</h1>
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<hw>Bleed"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Emitting, or appearing to emit, blood or sap, etc.; also, expressing anguish or compassion.</def>

<h1>Bleeding</h1>
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<hw>Bleed"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A running or issuing of blood, as from the nose or a wound; a hemorrhage; the operation of letting blood, as in surgery; a drawing or running of sap from a tree or plant.</def>

<h1>Blemish</h1>
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<hw>Blem"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blemished</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blemishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blemissen</ets>, <ets>blemishen</ets>, OF. <ets>blemir</ets>, <ets>blesmir</ets>, to strike, injure, soil, F. <ets>bl\'88mir</ets> to grow pale, fr. OF. <ets>bleme</ets>, <ets>blesme</ets>, pale, wan, F. <ets>bl\'88me</ets>, prob. fr. Icel <ets>bl\'beman</ets> the livid color of a wound, fr.  <ets>bl\'ber</ets> blue; akin to E. <ets>blue</ets>. OF. <ets>blemir</ets> properly signifies to beat one (black and) blue, and to render blue or dirty. See <er>Blue</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To mark with deformity; to injure or impair, as anything which is well formed, or excellent; to mar, or make defective, either the body or mind.</def>

<blockquote>Sin is a soil which <b>blemisheth</b> the beauty of thy soul.
<i>Brathwait.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To tarnish, as reputation or character; to defame.</def>

<blockquote>There had nothing passed between us that might <b>blemish</b> reputation.
<i>Oldys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blemish</h1>
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<hw>Blem"ish</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Blemishes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Any mark of deformity or injury, whether physical or moral; anything; that diminishes beauty, or renders imperfect that which is otherwise well formed; that which impairs reputation.</def>

<blockquote>He shall take two he lambs without <b>blemish</b>, and one ewe lamb of the first year without blemish.
<i>Lev. xiv. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The reliefs of an envious man are those little <b>blemishes</b> and imperfections that discover themselves in an illustrious character.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Spot; speck; flaw; deformity; stain; defect; fault; taint; reproach; dishonor; imputation; disgrace.</syn>

<h1>Blemishless</h1>
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<hw>Blem"ish*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without blemish; spotless.</def>

<blockquote>A life in all so <b>blemishless</b>.
<i>Feltham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blemishment</h1>
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<hw>Blem"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being blemished; blemish; disgrace; damage; impairment.</def>

<blockquote>For dread of blame and honor's <b>blemishment</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blench</h1>
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<hw>Blench</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blenched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blenching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blenchen</ets> to blench, elude, deceive, AS. <ets>blencan</ets> to deceive; akin to Icel. <ets>blekkja</ets> to impose upon. Prop. a causative of <ets>blink</ets> to make to wink, to deceive. See <er>Blink</er>, and cf. 3d <er>Blanch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shrink; to start back; to draw back, from lack of courage or resolution; to flinch; to quail.</def>

<blockquote><b>Blench</b> not at thy chosen lot.
<i>Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This painful, heroic task he undertook, and never <b>blenched</b> from its fulfillment.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fly off; to turn aside.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Though sometimes you do <b>blench</b> from this to that.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blench</h1>
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<hw>Blench</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To baffle; to disconcert; to turn away; -- also, to obstruct; to hinder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ye should have somewhat <b>blenched</b> him therewith, yet he might and would of likelihood have gone further.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw back from; to deny from fear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He now <b>blenched</b> what before he affirmed.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blench</h1>
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<hw>Blench</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A looking aside or askance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>These <b>blenches</b> gave my heart another youth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blench</h1>
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<hw>Blench</hw>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Blanch</er>.]</ety> <def>To grow or make pale.</def>

<i>Barbour.</i>

<h1>Blencher</h1>
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<hw>Blench"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, scares another; specifically, a person stationed to prevent the escape of the deer, at a hunt. See <er>Blancher</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who blenches, flinches, or shrinks back.</def>

<h1>Blench holding</h1>
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<hw>Blench" hold`ing</hw>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Blanch holding</er>.</def>

<h1>Blend</h1>
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<hw>Blend</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blended</er> or <er>Blent</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blenden</ets>, <ets>blanden</ets>, AS. <ets>blandan</ets> to blend, mix; akin to Goth. <ets>blandan</ets> to mix, Icel. <ets>blanda</ets>, Sw. <ets>blanda</ets>, Dan. <ets>blande</ets>, OHG. <ets>blantan</ets> to mis; to unknown origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To mix or mingle together; esp. to mingle, combine, or associate so that the separate things mixed, or the line of demarcation, can not be distinguished. Hence: To confuse; to confound.</def>

<blockquote><b>Blending</b> the grand, the beautiful, the gay.
<i>Percival.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pollute by mixture or association; to spoil or corrupt; to blot; to stain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To commingle; combine; fuse; merge; amalgamate; harmonize.</syn>

<h1>Blend</h1>
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<hw>Blend</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To mingle; to mix; to unite intimately; to pass or shade insensibly into each other, as colors.</def>

<blockquote>There is a tone of solemn and sacred feeling that <b>blends</b> with our conviviality.
<i>Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blend</h1>
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<hw>Blend</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thorough mixture of one thing with another, as color, tint, etc., into another, so that it cannot be known where one ends or the other begins.</def>

<h1>Blend</h1>
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<hw>Blend</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>blendan</ets>, from <ets>blind</ets> blind. See <er>Blind</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To make blind, literally or figuratively; to dazzle; to deceive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Blende</h1>
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<hw>Blende</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., fr. <ets>blenden</ets> to blind, dazzle, deceive, fr. <ets>blind</ets> blind. So called either in allusion to its dazzling luster; or (<ets>Dana</ets>) because, though often resembling galena, it yields no lead. Cf. <er>Sphalerite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mineral, called also <altname>sphalerite</altname>, and by miners <altname>mock lead</altname>, <altname>false galena</altname>, and <altname>black-jack</altname>. It is a zinc sulphide, but often contains some iron. Its color is usually yellow, brown, or black, and its luster resinous.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A general term for some minerals, chiefly metallic sulphides which have a somewhat brilliant but nonmetallic luster.</def>

<h1>Blender</h1>
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<hw>Blend"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, blends; an instrument, as a brush, used in blending.</def>

<h1>Blending</h1>
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<hw>Blend"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of mingling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>The method of laying on different tints so that they may mingle together while wet, and shade into each other insensibly.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Blendous</h1>
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<hw>Blend"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, consisting of, or containing, blende.</def>

<h1>Blendwater</h1>
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<hw>Blend"wa`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A distemper incident to cattle, in which their livers are affected.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Blenheim spaniel</h1>
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<hw>Blen"heim span"iel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[So called from <ets>Blenheim House</ets>, the seat of the duke of Marlborough, in England.]</ety> <def>A small variety of spaniel, kept as a pet.</def>

<h1>Blenk</h1>
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<hw>Blenk</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To blink; to shine; to look.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Blennioid, Blenniid</h1>
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<hw><hw>Blen"ni*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Blen"ni*id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Blenny</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the blennies.</def>

<h1>Blennogenous</h1>
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<hw>Blen*nog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> mucus + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Generating mucus.</def>

<h1>Blennorrhea</h1>
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<hw>Blen`nor*rhe"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> mucus + <ets><?/</ets> to flow.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An inordinate secretion and discharge of mucus.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Gonorrhea.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Blenny</h1>
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<hw>Blen"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Blennies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>blennius</ets>, <ets>blendius</ets>, <ets>blendea</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <ets><?/</ets> slime, mucus.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine fish of the genus <spn>Blennius</spn> or family <spn>Blenniid\'91</spn>; -- so called from its coating of mucus. The species are numerous.</def>

<h1>Blent</h1>
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<hw>Blent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Blend</er> to mingle. <def>Mingled; mixed; blended; also, polluted; stained.</def>

<blockquote>Rider and horse, friend, foe, in one red burial <b>blent</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blent</h1>
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<hw>Blent</hw>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Blend</er> to blind. <def>Blinded.  Also (<i>Chaucer</i>), <tt>3d sing. pres.</tt> Blindeth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Blesbok</h1>
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<hw>Bles"bok</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D., fr. <ets>bles</ets> a white spot on the forehead + <ets>bok</ets> buck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South African antelope (<spn>Alcelaphus albifrons</spn>), having a large white spot on the forehead.</def>

<h1>Bless</h1>
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<hw>Bless</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blessed</er> <tt>(#)</tt> or <er>Blest</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blessing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blessien</ets>, <ets>bletsen</ets>, AS. <ets>bletsian</ets>, <ets>bledsian</ets>, <ets>bloedsian</ets>, fr. <ets>bl<?/d</ets> blood; prob. originally to consecrate by sprinkling with blood. See <er>Blood</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make or pronounce holy; to consecrate</def>

<blockquote>And God <b>blessed</b> the seventh day, and sanctified it.
<i>Gen. ii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make happy, blithesome, or joyous; to confer prosperity or happiness upon; to grant divine favor to.</def>

<blockquote>The quality of mercy is . . . twice <b>blest</b>;
It <b>blesseth</b> him that gives and him that takes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It hath pleased thee to <b>bless</b> the house of thy servant, that it may continue forever before thee.
<i>1 Chron. xvii. 27 (R. V. )</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To express a wish or prayer for the happiness of; to invoke a blessing upon; -- applied to persons.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bless</b> them which persecute you.
<i>Rom. xii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To invoke or confer beneficial attributes or qualities upon; to invoke or confer a blessing on, -- as on food.</def>

<blockquote>Then he took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven, he <b>blessed</b> them.
<i>Luke ix. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To make the sign of the cross upon; to cross (one's self).</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To guard; to keep; to protect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To praise, or glorify; to extol for excellences.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bless</b> the Lord, O my soul: and all that is within me, <b>bless</b> his holy name.
<i>Ps. ciii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To esteem or account happy; to felicitate.</def>

<blockquote>The nations shall <b>bless</b> themselves in him.
<i>Jer. iv. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To wave; to brandish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And burning blades about their heads do <b>bless</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Round his armed head his trenchant blade he <b>blest</b>.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This is an old sense of the word, supposed by Johnson, Nares, and others, to have been derived from the old rite of blessing a field by directing the hands to all parts of it. "In drawing [their bow] some fetch such a compass as though they would turn about and <i>bless</i> all the field."</note>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<hr>
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Page 155<p>

<cs><mcol><col>Bless me!</col> <col>Bless us!</col></mcol> <cd>an exclamation of surprise.</cd> <i>Milton</i>. -- <col>To bless from</col>, <cd>to secure, defend, or preserve from.</cd> "<i>Bless<i> me <i>from<i> marrying a usurer."  <i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>To <b>bless</b> the doors <b>from</b> nightly harm.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <mcol><col>To bless with</col>, <col>To be blessed with</col></mcol>, <cd>to favor or endow with; to be favored or endowed with; <as>as, God <ex>blesses</ex> us <ex>with</ex> health; we are <ex>blessed with</ex> happiness.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blessed</h1>
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<hw>Bless"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hallowed; consecrated; worthy of blessing or adoration; heavenly; holy.</def>

<blockquote>O, run; prevent them with thy humble ode,
And lay it lowly at his <b>blessed</b> feet.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Enjoying happiness or bliss; favored with blessings; happy; highly favored.</def>

<blockquote>All generations shall call me <b>blessed</b>.
<i>Luke i. 48.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Towards England's <b>blessed</b> shore.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Imparting happiness or bliss; fraught with happiness; blissful; joyful.</def>  "Then was a <i>blessed</i> time."  "So <i>blessed</i> a disposition."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Enjoying, or pertaining to, spiritual happiness, or heavenly felicity; <as>as, the <ex>blessed</ex> in heaven</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Reverenced like a <b>blessed</b> saint.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cast out from God and <b>blessed</b> vision.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>Beatified.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Used euphemistically, ironically, or intensively.</def>

<blockquote>Not a <b>blessed</b> man came to set her [a boat] free.
<i>R. D. Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blessedly</h1>
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<hw>Bless"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Happily; fortunately; joyfully.</def>

<blockquote>We shall <b>blessedly</b> meet again never to depart.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blessedness</h1>
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<hw>Bless"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being blessed; happiness; felicity; bliss; heavenly joys; the favor of God.</def>

<blockquote>The assurance of a future <b>blessedness</b>.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Single blessedness</col>, <cd>the unmarried state. "Grows, lives, and dies in <i>single blessedness<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Delight; beatitude; ecstasy.  See <er>Happiness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Blessed thistle</h1>
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<hw>Bless"ed this"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Thistle</er>.</def>

<h1>Blesser</h1>
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<hw>Bless"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who blesses; one who bestows or invokes a blessing.</def>

<h1>Blessing</h1>
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<hw>Bless"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bletsung</ets>. See <er>Bless</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who blesses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A declaration of divine favor, or an invocation imploring divine favor on some or something; a benediction; a wish of happiness pronounces.</def>

<blockquote>This is the <b>blessing</b>, where with Moses the man of God blessed the children of Israel.
<i>Deut. xxxiii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A means of happiness; that which promotes prosperity and welfare; a beneficent gift.</def>

<blockquote>Nature's full <b>blessings</b> would be well dispensed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bib.)</fld> <def>A gift.</def> <mark>[A Hebraism]</mark>

<i>Gen. xxxiii. 11.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Grateful praise or worship.</def>

<h1>Blest</h1>
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<hw>Blest</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Blessed.</def> "This patriarch <i>blest</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>White these <b>blest</b> sounds my ravished ear assail.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blet</h1>
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<hw>Blet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>blet</ets>, <ets>blette</ets>, a., soft from over ripeness.]</ety> <def>A form of decay in fruit which is overripe.</def>

<h1>Bletonism</h1>
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<hw>Ble"ton*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The supposed faculty of perceiving subterraneous springs and currents by sensation; -- so called from one <i>Bleton</i>, of France.</def>

<h1>Bletting</h1>
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<hw>Blet"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A form of decay seen in fleshy, overripe fruit.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<h1>Blew</h1>
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<hw>Blew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Blow</er>.</def>

<h1>Bleyme</h1>
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<hw>Bleyme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bleime</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An inflammation in the foot of a horse, between the sole and the bone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bleynte</h1>
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<hw>Bleyn"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Blench</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Blickey</h1>
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<hw>Blick"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>blik</ets> tin.]</ety> <def>A tin dinner pail.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Blight</h1>
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<hw>Blight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blighted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blighting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Perh. contr. from AS. <ets>bl\'c6cettan</ets> to glitter, fr. the same root as E. bleak. The meaning "to blight" comes in that case from to glitter, hence, to be white or pale, grow pale, make pale, bleach. Cf. Bleach, Bleak.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To affect with blight; to blast; to prevent the growth and fertility of.</def>

<blockquote>[This vapor] blasts vegetables, <b>blights</b> corn and fruit, and is sometimes injurious even to man.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: To destroy the happiness of; to ruin; to mar essentially; to frustrate; <as>as, to <ex>blight</ex> one's prospects</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Seared in heart and lone and <b>blighted</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blight</h1>
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<hw>Blight</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be affected by blight; to blast; <as>as, this vine never blights</as>.</def>

<h1>Blight</h1>
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<hw>Blight</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mildew; decay; anything nipping or blasting; -- applied as a general name to various injuries or diseases of plants, causing the whole or a part to wither, whether occasioned by insects, fungi, or atmospheric influences.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of blighting, or the state of being blighted; a withering or mildewing, or a stoppage of growth in the whole or a part of a plant, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which frustrates one's plans or withers one's hopes; that which impairs or destroys.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>blight</b> seemed to have fallen over our fortunes.
<i>Disraeli.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A downy species of aphis, or plant louse, destructive to fruit trees, infesting both the roots and branches; -- also applied to several other injurious insects.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A rashlike eruption on the human skin.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Blighting</h1>
<Xpage=155>

<hw>Blight"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing blight.</def>

<h1>Blightingly</h1>
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<hw>Blight"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to cause blight.</def>

<h1>Blimbi, Blimbing</h1>
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<hw><hw>Blim"bi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Blim"bing</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bilimbi</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Blin</h1>
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<hw>Blin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blinnen</ets>, AS. <ets>blinnan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>linnan</ets> to cease.]</ety> <def>To stop; to cease; to desist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Blin</h1>
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<hw>Blin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>blinn</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cessation; end.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Blind</h1>
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<hw>Blind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS.; akin to D., G., OS., Sw., & Dan. <ets>blind</ets>, Icel. <ets>blindr</ets>, Goth. <ets>blinds</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of the sense of seeing, either by natural defect or by deprivation; without sight.</def>

<blockquote>He that is strucken <b>blind</b> can not forget
The precious treasure of his eyesight lost.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not having the faculty of discernment; destitute of intellectual light; unable or unwilling to understand or judge; <as>as, authors are <ex>blind</ex> to their own defects</as>.</def>

<blockquote>But hard be hardened, <b>blind</b> be blinded more,
That they may stumble on, and deeper fall.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Undiscerning; undiscriminating; inconsiderate.</def>

<blockquote>This plan is recommended neither to <b>blind</b> approbation nor to <b>blind</b> reprobation.
<i>Jay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Having such a state or condition as a thing would have to a person who is blind; not well marked or easily discernible; hidden; unseen; concealed; <as>as, a <ex>blind</ex> path; a <ex>blind</ex> ditch.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Involved; intricate; not easily followed or traced.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>blind</b> mazes of this tangled wood.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Having no openings for light or passage; <as>as, a <ex>blind</ex> wall; open only at one end; <as>as, a <ex>blind</ex> alley</as>; a <ex>blind</ex> gut.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Unintelligible, or not easily intelligible; <as>as, a <ex>blind</ex> passage in a book</as>; illegible; <as>as, <ex>blind</ex> writing</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>Abortive; failing to produce flowers or fruit; <as>as, <ex>blind</ex> buds; <ex>blind</ex> flowers.</as></def>

<cs><col>Blind alley</col>, <cd>an alley closed at one end; a <i>cul-de-sac<i>.</cd> -- <col>Blind axle</col>, <cd>an axle which turns but does not communicate motion.</cd> <i>Knight</i>. -- <col>Blind beetle</col>, <cd>one of the insects apt to fly against people, esp. at night.</cd> -- <col>Blind cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of catfish (<spn>Gronias nigrolabris</spn>), nearly destitute of eyes, living in caverns in Pennsylvania.</cd> -- <col>Blind coal</col>, <cd>coal that burns without flame; anthracite coal.</cd> <i>Simmonds</i>. -- <mcol><col>Blind door</col>, <col>Blind window</col></mcol>, <cd>an imitation of a door or window, without an opening for passage or light. See <cref>Blank door</cref> or <i>window<i>, under <er>Blank</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>Blind level</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a level or drainage gallery which has a vertical shaft at each end, and acts as an inverted siphon.</cd> <i>Knight</i>. -- <col>Blind nettle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>dead nettle. See <cref>Dead nettle</cref>, under <er>Dead</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blind shell</col> <fld>(Gunnery)</fld>, <cd>a shell containing no charge, or one that does not explode.</cd> -- <col>Blind side</col>, <cd>the side which is most easily assailed; a weak or unguarded side; the side on which one is least able or disposed to see danger.</cd> <i>Swift</i>. -- <col>Blind snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small, harmless, burrowing snake, of the family <spn>Typhlopid\'91</spn>, with rudimentary eyes.</cd> -- <col>Blind spot</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the point in the retina of the eye where the optic nerve enters, and which is insensible to light.</cd> -- <col>Blind tooling</col>, <cd>in bookbinding and leather work, the indented impression of heated tools, without gilding; -- called also <altname>blank tooling</altname>, and <altname>blind blocking</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Blind wall</col>, <cd>a wall without an opening; a blank wall.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blind</h1>
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<hw>Blind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blinded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blinding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make blind; to deprive of sight or discernment.</def> "To <i>blind</i> the truth and me."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>A blind guide is certainly a great mischief; but a guide that <b>blinds</b> those whom he should lead is . . .  a much greater.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive partially of vision; to make vision difficult for and painful to; to dazzle.</def>

<blockquote>Her beauty all the rest did <b>blind</b>.
<i>P. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To darken; to obscure to the eye or understanding; to conceal; to deceive.</def>

<blockquote>Such darkness <b>blinds</b> the sky.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The state of the controversy between us he endeavored, with all his art, to <b>blind</b> and confound.
<i>Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cover with a thin coating of sand and fine gravel; as a road newly paved, in order that the joints between the stones may be filled.</def>

<h1>Blind</h1>
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<hw>Blind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something to hinder sight or keep out light; a screen; a cover; esp. a hinged screen or shutter for a window; a blinder for a horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something to mislead the eye or the understanding, or to conceal some covert deed or design; a subterfuge.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>blindes</ets>, p<?/., fr. G. <ets>blende</ets>, fr. <ets>blenden</ets> to blind, fr. <ets>blind</ets> blind.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A blindage. See <er>Blindage</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A halting place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Blind, Blinde</h1>
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<hw><hw>Blind</hw>, <hw>Blinde</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Blende</er>.</def>

<h1>Blindage</h1>
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<hw>Blind"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>blindage</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A cover or protection for an advanced trench or approach, formed of fascines and earth supported by a framework.</def>

<h1>Blinder</h1>
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<hw>Blind"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, blinds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Saddlery)</fld> <def>One of the leather screens on a bridle, to hinder a horse from seeing objects at the side; a blinker.</def>

<h1>Blindfish</h1>
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<hw>Blind"fish`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small fish (<spn>Amblyopsis spel\'91us</spn>) destitute of eyes, found in the waters of the Mammoth Cave, in Kentucky. Related fishes from other caves take the same name.</def>

<h1>Blindfold</h1>
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<hw>Blind"fold`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blindfolded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blindfolding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blindfolden</ets>, <ets>blindfelden</ets>, <ets>blindfellen</ets>; AS. <ets>blind</ets> blind + prob. <ets>fellan</ets>, <ets>fyllan</ets>, to fell, strike down.]</ety> <def>To cover the eyes of, as with a bandage; to hinder from seeing.</def>

<blockquote>And when they had <b>blindfolded</b> him, they struck him on the face.
<i>Luke xxii. 64.</i></blockquote>


<h1>Blindfold</h1>
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<hw>Blind"fold`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the eyes covered; blinded; having the mental eye darkened. Hence: Heedless; reckless; <as>as, <ex>blindfold</ex> zeal; <ex>blindfold</ex> fury.</as></def>

<blockquote>Fate's <b>blindfold</b> reign the atheist loudly owns.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blinding</h1>
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<hw>Blind"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making blind or as if blind; depriving of sight or of understanding; obscuring; <as>as, <ex>blinding</ex> tears; <ex>blinding</ex> snow.</as></def>

<h1>Blinding</h1>
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<hw>Blind"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thin coating of sand and fine gravel over a newly paved road. See <er>Blind</er>, <i>v. t.</i>, 4.</def>

<h1>Blindly</h1>
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<hw>Blind"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without sight, discernment, or understanding; without thought, investigation, knowledge, or purpose of one's own.</def>

<blockquote>By his imperious mistress <b>blindly</b> led.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blindman's buff</h1>
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<hw>Blind"man's buff"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Buff</er> a buffet.]</ety> <def>A play in which one person is blindfolded, and tries to catch some one of the company and tell who it is.</def>

<blockquote>Surely he fancies I play at <b>blindman's buff</b> with him, for he thinks I never have my eyes open.
<i>Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blindman's holiday</h1>
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<hw>Blind`man's hol"i*day</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The time between daylight and candle light.</def> <mark>[Humorous]</mark>

<h1>Blindness</h1>
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<hw>Blind"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or condition of being blind, literally or figuratively.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<cs><col>Color blindness</col>, <cd>inability to distinguish certain color. See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blindstory</h1>
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<hw>Blind"sto`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The triforium as opposed to the clearstory.</def>

<h1>Blindworm</h1>
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<hw>Blind"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, burrowing, snakelike, limbless lizard (<spn>Anguis fragilis</spn>), with minute eyes, popularly believed to be blind; the slowworm; -- formerly a name for the adder.</def>

<blockquote>Newts and <b>blindworms</b> do no wrong.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blink</h1>
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<hw>Blink</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blinked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blinking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blenken</ets>; akin to dan. <ets>blinke</ets>, Sw. <ets>blinka</ets>, G. <ets>blinken</ets> to shine, glance, wink, twinkle, D. blinken to shine; and prob. to D. <ets>blikken</ets> to glance, twinkle, G. <ets>blicken</ets> to look, glance, AS. bl\'c6<ets>can</ets> to shine, E. <ets>bleak</ets>. &root;98. See <er>Bleak</er>; cf. 1st <er>Blench</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To wink; to twinkle with, or as with, the eye.</def>

<blockquote>One eye was <b>blinking</b>, and one leg was lame.
<i>Pope</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To see with the eyes half shut, or indistinctly and with frequent winking, as a person with weak eyes.</def>

<blockquote>Show me thy chink, to <b>blink</b> through with mine eyne.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To shine, esp. with intermittent light; to twinkle; to flicker; to glimmer, as a lamp.</def>

<blockquote>The dew was falling fast, the stars began to <b>blink</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The sun <b>blinked</b> fair on pool and stream .
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To turn slightly sour, as beer, mild, etc.</def>

<h1>Blink</h1>
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<hw>Blink</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shut out of sight; to avoid, or purposely evade; to shirk; <as>as, to blink the question</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To trick; to deceive.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Blink</h1>
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<hw>Blink</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blink</ets>. See <er>Blink</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A glimpse or glance.</def>

<blockquote>This is the first <b>blink</b> that ever I had of him.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gleam; glimmer; sparkle.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<blockquote>Not a <b>blink</b> of light was there.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The dazzling whiteness about the horizon caused by the reflection of light from fields of ice at sea; ice blink.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <tt>pl.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Blencher</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Sporting)</fld> <def>Boughs cast where deer are to pass, to turn or check them.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Blinkard</h1>
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<hw>Blink"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Blind</ets> + <ets>-ard</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who blinks with, or as with, weak eyes.</def>

<blockquote>Among the blind the one-eyed <b>blinkard</b> reigns.
<i>Marvell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which twinkles or glances, as a dim star, which appears and disappears.</def>

<i>Hakewill.</i>

<h1>Blink beer</h1>
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<hw>Blink" beer`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <def>Beer kept unbroached until it is sharp.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Blinker</h1>
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<hw>Blink"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, blinks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A blinder for horses; a flap of leather on a horse's bridle to prevent him from seeing objects as his side hence, whatever obstructs sight or discernment.</def>

<blockquote>Nor bigots who but one way see,
through <b>blinkers</b> of authority.
<i>M. Green.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <tt>pl.</tt> <def>A kind of goggles, used to protect the eyes form glare, etc.</def>

<h1>Blink-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Blink"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Habitually winking.</def>

<i>Marlowe.</i>

<h1>Blirt</h1>
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<hw>Blirt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A gust of wind and rain.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Bliss</h1>
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<hw>Bliss</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Blisses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>blis</ets>, <ets>blisse</ets>, AS. <ets>blis</ets>, <ets>bl\'c6<?/s</ets>, fr. <ets>bl\'c6<?/e</ets> blithe. See <er>Blithe</er>.]</ety> <def>Orig., blithesomeness; gladness; now, the highest degree of happiness; blessedness; exalted felicity; heavenly joy.</def>

<blockquote>An then at last our <b>bliss</b>
Full and perfect is.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Blessedness; felicity; beatitude; happiness; joy; enjoyment. See <er>Happiness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Blissful</h1>
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<hw>Bliss"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of, characterized by, or causing, joy and felicity; happy in the highest degree.</def>  "<i>Blissful</i> solitude." <i>Milton</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Bliss"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Bliss"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Blissless</h1>
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<hw>Bliss"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of bliss.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Blissom</h1>
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<hw>Blis"som</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>blithesome</ets>: but cf. also Icel. <ets>bl<?/sma</ets> of a goat at heat.]</ety> <def>To be lustful; to be lascivious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Blissom</h1>
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<hw>Blis"som</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lascivious; also, in heat; -- said of ewes.</def>

<h1>Blister</h1>
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<hw>Blis"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.; akin to OD. <ets>bluyster</ets>, fr. the same root as <ets>blast</ets>, <ets>bladder</ets>, <ets>blow</ets>. See <er>Blow</er> to eject wind.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A vesicle of the skin, containing watery matter or serum, whether occasioned by a burn or other injury, or by a vesicatory; a collection of serous fluid causing a bladderlike elevation of the cuticle.</def>

<blockquote>And painful <b>blisters</b> swelled my tender hands.
<i>Grainger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any elevation made by the separation of the film or skin, as on plants; or by the swelling of the substance at the surface, as on steel.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A vesicatory; a plaster of Spanish flies, or other matter, applied to raise a blister.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<cs><col>Blister beetle</col>, <cd>a beetle used to raise blisters, esp. the <i>Lytta<i> (or <i>Cantharis<i>) <i>vesicatoria<i>, called <i>Cantharis<i> or <i>Spanish fly<i> by druggists. See <er>Cantharis</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blister fly</col>, <cd>a blister beetle.</cd> -- <col>Blister plaster</col>, <cd>a plaster designed to raise a blister; -- usually made of Spanish flies.</cd> -- <col>Blister steel</col>, <cd>crude steel formed from wrought iron by cementation; -- so called because of its blistered surface. Called also <altname>blistered steel</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Blood blister</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blood</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blister</h1>
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<hw>Blis"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blistered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blistering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To be affected with a blister or blisters; to have a blister form on.</def>

<blockquote>Let my tongue <b>blister</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blister</h1>
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<hw>Blis"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To raise a blister or blisters upon.</def>

<blockquote>My hands were <b>blistered</b>.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give pain to, or to injure, as if by a blister.</def>

<blockquote>This tyrant, whose sole name <b>blisters</b> our tongue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blistery</h1>
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<hw>Blis"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of blisters.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Blite</h1>
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<hw>Blite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>blitum</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbs (<spn>Blitum</spn>>) with a fleshy calyx. <spn>Blitum capitatum</spn> is the strawberry <i>blite</i>.
</def>

<hr>
<page="156">
Page 156<p>

<h1>Blithe</h1>
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<hw>Blithe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bl\'c6<?/e</ets> blithe, kind; akin to Goth. <ets>blei<?/s</ets> kind, Icel. <ets>bl\'c6<?/r</ets> mild, gentle, Dan. & Sw. <ets>blid</ets> gentle, D. <ets>blijd</ets> blithe, OHG. <ets>bl\'c6di</ets> kind, blithe.]</ety> <def>Gay; merry; sprightly; joyous; glad; cheerful; <as>as, a <ex>blithe</ex> spirit</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>blithe</b> sounds of festal music.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A daughter fair,
So buxom, <b>blithe</b>, and debonair.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blitheful</h1>
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<hw>Blithe"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gay; full of gayety; joyous.</def>

<h1>Blithely</h1>
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<hw>Blithe"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a blithe manner.</def>

<h1>Blitheness</h1>
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<hw>Blithe"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being blithe.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Blithesome</h1>
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<hw>Blithe"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cheery; gay; merry.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>blithesome</b> sounds of wassail gay.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Blithe"some*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Blithe"some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Blive</h1>
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<hw>Blive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[A contraction of <er>Belive</er>.]</ety> <def>Quickly; forthwith.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Blizzard</h1>
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<hw>Bliz"zard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Blaze</er> to flash. Formerly, in local use, a rattling volley; cf. "to <ets>blaze</ets> away" to fire away.]</ety> <def>A gale of piercingly cold wind, usually accompanied with fine and blinding snow; a furious blast.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Bloat</h1>
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<hw>Bloat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bloated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bloating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>blotna</ets> to become soft, <ets>blautr</ets> soft, wet, Sw. <ets>bl\'94t</ets> soft, <ets>bl\'94ta</ets> to soak; akin to G. <ets>bloss</ets> bare, and AS. <ets>ble\'a0t</ets> wretched; or perh. fr. root of Eng. 5th <ets>blow</ets>. Cf. <er>Blote</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make turgid, as with water or air; to cause a swelling of the surface of, from effusion of serum in the cellular tissue, producing a morbid enlargement, often accompanied with softness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inflate; to puff up; to make vain.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Bloat</h1>
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<hw>Bloat</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow turgid as by effusion of liquid in the cellular tissue; to puff out; to swell.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Bloat</h1>
<Xpage=156>

<hw>Bloat</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bloated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bloat</h1>
<Xpage=156>

<hw>Bloat</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A term of contempt for a worthless, dissipated fellow.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Bloat</h1>
<Xpage=156>

<hw>Bloat</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dry (herrings) in smoke. See <er>Blote</er>.</def>

<h1>Bloated</h1>
<Xpage=156>

<hw>Bloat"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Distended beyond the natural or usual size, as by the presence of water, serum, etc.; turgid; swollen; <as>as, a <ex>bloated</ex> face</as>. Also, puffed up with pride; pompous.</def>

<h1>Bloatedness</h1>
<Xpage=156>

<hw>Bloat"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being bloated.</def>

<h1>Bloater</h1>
<Xpage=156>

<hw>Bloat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bloat</er>, <er>Blote</er>.]</ety> <def>The common herring, esp. when of large size, smoked, and half dried; -- called also <altname>bloat herring</altname>.</def>

<h1>Blob</h1>
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<hw>Blob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bleb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something blunt and round; a small drop or lump of something viscid or thick; a drop; a bubble; a blister.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fresh-water fish (<spn>Uranidea Richardsoni</spn>); the miller's thumb.</def>

<h1>Blobber</h1>
<Xpage=156>

<hw>Blob"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Blubber</er>, <er>Blub</er>.]</ety> <def>A bubble; blubber.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>T. Carew.</i>

<cs><col>Blobber lip</col>, <cd>a thick, protruding lip.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>His <b>blobber</b> lips and beetle brows commend.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blobber-lipped</h1>
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<hw>Blob"ber-lipped`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having thick lips.</def> "A <i>blobber-lipped</i> shell."

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Blocage</h1>
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<hw>Blo*cage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The roughest and cheapest sort of rubblework, in masonry.</def>

<h1>Block</h1>
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<hw>Block</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blok</ets>; cf. F. <ets>bloc</ets> (fr. OHG.), D. & Dan. <ets>blok</ets>, Sw. & G. <ets>block</ets>, OHG. <ets>bloch</ets>. There is also an OHG. <ets>bloch</ets>, <ets>biloh</ets>; <ets>bi</ets> by + the same root as that of E. <ets>lock</ets>. Cf. <er>Block</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Blockade</er>, and see <er>Lock</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of wood more or less bulky; a solid mass of wood, stone, etc., usually with one or more plane, or approximately plane, faces; <as>as, a <ex>block</ex> on which a butcher chops his meat; a <ex>block</ex> by which to mount a horse; children's playing <ex>blocks</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Now all our neighbors' chimneys smoke,
And Christmas <b>blocks</b> are burning.
<i>Wither.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All her labor was but as a <b>block</b>
Left in the quarry.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The solid piece of wood on which condemned persons lay their necks when they are beheaded.</def>

<blockquote>Noble heads which have been brought to the <b>block</b>.
<i>E. Everett.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The wooden mold on which hats, bonnets, etc., are shaped. Hence: The pattern on shape of a hat.</def>

<blockquote>He wears his faith but as the fashion of his hat; it ever changes with the next <b>block</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A large or long building divided into separate houses or shops, or a number of houses or shops built in contact with each other so as to form one building; a row of houses or shops.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A square, or portion of a city inclosed by streets, whether occupied by buildings or not.</def>

<blockquote>The new city was laid out in rectangular <b>blocks</b>, each <b>block</b> containing thirty building lots. Such an average <b>block</b>, comprising 282 houses and covering nine acres of ground, exists in Oxford Street.
<i>Lond. Quart. Rev.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A grooved pulley or sheave incased in a frame or shell which is provided with a hook, eye, or strap, by which it may be attached to an object. It is used to change the direction of motion, as in raising a heavy object that can not be conveniently reached, and also, when two or more such sheaves are compounded, to change the rate of motion, or to exert increased force; -- used especially in the rigging of ships, and in tackles.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>The perch on which a bird of prey is kept.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Any obstruction, or cause of obstruction; a stop; a hindrance; an obstacle; <as>as, a <ex>block</ex> in the way</as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A piece of box or other wood for engravers' work.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A piece of hard wood (as mahogany or cherry) on which a stereotype or electrotype plate is mounted to make it type high.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>A blockhead; a stupid fellow; a dolt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What a <b>block</b> art thou !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>A section of a railroad where the block system is used. See <cref>Block system</cref>, below.</def>

<cs><col>A block of shares</col> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld>, <cd>a large number of shares in a stock company, sold in a lump.</cd> <i>Bartlett</i>. -- <col>Block printing</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A mode of printing (common in China and Japan) from engraved boards by means of a sheet of paper laid on the linked surface and rubbed with a brush.</cd> <i>S. W. Williams</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A method of printing cotton cloth and paper hangings with colors, by pressing them upon an engraved surface coated with coloring matter.</cd> -- <col>Block system</col> <cd>on railways, a system by which the track is divided into sections of three or four miles, and trains are so run by the guidance of electric signals that no train enters a section or block before the preceding train has left it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Block</h1>
<Xpage=156>

<hw>Block</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blocked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blocking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bloquer</ets>, fr. <ets>bloc</ets> block. See <er>Block</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To obstruct so as to prevent passage or progress; to prevent passage from, through, or into, by obstructing the way; -- used both of persons and things; -- often followed by <i>up</i>; <as>as, to <ex>block</ex> up a road or harbor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With moles . . . would <b>block</b> the port.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A city . . . besieged and <b>blocked</b> about.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To secure or support by means of blocks; to secure, as two boards at their angles of intersection, by pieces of wood glued to each.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To shape on, or stamp with, a block; <as>as, to <ex>block</ex> a hat</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To block out</col>, <cd>to begin to reduce to shape; to mark out roughly; to lay out; <as>as, to <ex>block out<ex> a plan</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blockade</h1>
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<hw>Block*ade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>bloccata</ets>. See <er>Block</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The shutting up of a place by troops or ships, with the purpose of preventing ingress or egress, or the reception of supplies; <as>as, the <ex>blockade</ex> of the ports of an enemy</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Blockade</i> is now usually applied to an investment with ships or vessels, while siege is used of an investment by land forces. To constitute a <i>blockade</i>, the investing power must be able to apply its force to every point of practicable access, so as to render it dangerous to attempt to enter; and there is no <i>blockade</i> of that port where its force can not be brought to bear.</note>

<i>Kent.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An obstruction to passage.</def>

<cs><col>To raise a blockade</col>. <cd>See under <er>Raise</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blockade</h1>
<Xpage=156>

<hw>Block*ade"</hw>, <tt>v. t. </tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blockaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blockading</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shut up, as a town or fortress, by investing it with troops or vessels or war for the purpose of preventing ingress or egress, or the introduction of supplies. See note under <er>Blockade</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def> "<i>Blockaded</i> the place by sea."

<i>Gilpin.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to shut in so as to prevent egress.</def>

<blockquote>Till storm and driving ice <b>blockade</b> him there.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To obstruct entrance to or egress from.</def>

<blockquote>Huge bales of British cloth <b>blockade</b> the door.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blockader</h1>
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<hw>Block*ad"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who blockades.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel employed in blockading.</def>

<h1>Blockage</h1>
<Xpage=156>

<hw>Block"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of blocking up; the state of being blocked up.</def>

<h1>Block book</h1>
<Xpage=156>

<hw>Block" book`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>A book printed from engraved wooden blocks instead of movable types.</def>

<h1>Blockhead</h1>
<Xpage=156>

<hw>Block"head`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Block</ets> + <ets>head</ets>.]</ety> <def>A stupid fellow; a dolt; a person deficient in understanding.</def>

<blockquote>The bookful <b>blockhead</b>, ignorantly read,
With loads of learned lumber in his head.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blockheaded</h1>
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<hw>Block"head`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Stupid; dull.</def>

<h1>Blockheadism</h1>
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<hw>Block"head*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which characterizes a blockhead; stupidity.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Blockhouse</h1>
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<hw>Block"house`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Block</ets> + <ets>house</ets>: cf. G. <ets>blockhaus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An edifice or structure of heavy timbers or logs for military defense, having its sides loopholed for musketry, and often an upper story projecting over the lower, or so placed upon it as to have its sides make an angle wit the sides of the lower story, thus enabling the defenders to fire downward, and in all directions; -- formerly much used in America and Germany.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A house of squared logs.</def> <mark>[West. & South. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Blocking</h1>
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<hw>Block"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of obstructing, supporting, shaping, or stamping with a block or blocks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Blocks used to support (a building, etc.) temporarily.</def>

<h1>Blocking course</h1>
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<hw>Block"ing course`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The finishing course of a wall showing above a cornice.</def>

<h1>Blockish</h1>
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<hw>Block"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a block; deficient in understanding; stupid; dull.</def> "<i>Blockish</i> Ajax." <i>Shak</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Block"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Block"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Blocklike</h1>
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<hw>Block"like`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a block; stupid.</def>

<h1>Block tin</h1>
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<hw>Block" tin`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Tin</er>.</def>

<h1>Bloedite</h1>
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<hw>Bloe"dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the chemist <ets>Bl\'94de</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous sulphate of magnesium and sodium.</def>

<h1>Blomary</h1>
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<hw>Blom"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bloomery</er>.</def>

<h1>Bloncket, Blonket</h1>
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<hw><hw>Blonc"ket</hw>, <hw>Blon"ket</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>blanquet</ets> whitish, dim. of <ets>blanc</ets> white. Cf. <er>Blanket</er>.]</ety> <def>Gray; bluish gray.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Our <b>bloncket</b> liveries been all too sad.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blond, Blonde</h1>
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<hw><hw>Blond</hw>, <hw>Blonde</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fair, light, of uncertain origin; cf. AS. <ets>blonden-feax</ets> gray-haired, old, prop. blended-haired, as a mixture of white and brown or black. See <er>Blend</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <def>Of a fair color; light-colored; <as>as, <ex>blond</ex> hair; a <ex>blond</ex> complexion.</as></def>

<h1>Blonde</h1>
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<hw>Blonde</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person of very fair complexion, with light hair and light blue eyes.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>blond</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[So called from its color.]</ety> <def>A kind of silk lace originally of the color of raw silk, now sometimes dyed; -- called also <altname>blond lace</altname>.</def>

<h1>Blond metal</h1>
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<hw>Blond" met`al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A variety of clay ironstone, in Staffordshire, England, used for making tools.</def>

<h1>Blondness</h1>
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<hw>Blond"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being blond.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Blood</h1>
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<hw>Blood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blod</ets>, <ets>blood</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/d</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bloed</ets>, OHG. <ets>bluot</ets>, G. <ets>blut</ets>, Goth, <ets>bl<?/<?/</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>blod</ets>; prob. fr. the same root as E. <ets>blow</ets> to bloom. See <er>Blow</er> to bloom.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fluid which circulates in the principal vascular system of animals, carrying nourishment to all parts of the body, and bringing away waste products to be excreted. See under <er>Arterial</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The blood consists of a liquid, the plasma, containing minute particles, the blood corpuscles. In the invertebrate animals it is usually nearly colorless, and contains only one kind of corpuscles; but in all vertebrates, except Amphioxus, it contains some colorless corpuscles, with many more which are red and give the blood its uniformly red color. See <er>Corpuscle</er>, <er>Plasma</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relationship by descent from a common ancestor; consanguinity; kinship.</def>

<blockquote>To share the <b>blood</b> of Saxon royalty.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A friend of our own <b>blood</b>.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Half blood</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>relationship through only one parent.</cd> -- <col>Whole blood</col>, <cd>relationship through both father and mother. In American Law, <i>blood<i> includes both half blood, and whole blood.</cd></cs>

<i>Bouvier. Peters.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Descent; lineage; especially, honorable birth; the highest royal lineage.</def>

<blockquote>Give us a prince of <b>blood</b>, a son of Priam.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am a gentleman of <b>blood</b> and breeding.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Stock Breeding)</fld> <def>Descent from parents of recognized breed; excellence or purity of breed.</def>

<note>&hand; In stock breeding <i>half blood</i> is descent showing one half only of pure breed. <i>Blue blood</i>, <i>full blood</i>, or <i>warm blood</i>, is the same as <i>blood</i>.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The fleshy nature of man.</def>

<blockquote>Nor gives it satisfaction to our <b>blood</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The shedding of blood; the taking of life, murder; manslaughter; destruction.</def>

<blockquote>So wills the fierce, avenging sprite,
Till <b>blood</b> for <b>blood</b> atones.
<i>Hood.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A bloodthirsty or murderous disposition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He was a thing of <b>blood</b>, whose every motion
Was timed with dying cries.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Temper of mind; disposition; state of the passions; -- as if the blood were the seat of emotions.</def>

<blockquote>When you perceive his <b>blood</b> inclined to mirth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Often, in this sense, accompanied with <i>bad</i>, <i>cold</i>, <i>warm</i>, or other qualifying word. Thus, to commit an act in <i>cold blood</i>, is to do it deliberately, and without sudden passion; to do it in <i>bad blood</i>, is to do it in anger. <i>Warm blood</i> denotes a temper inflamed or irritated. To <i>warm</i> or <i>heat the blood</i> is to excite the passions. Qualified by <i>up</i>, excited feeling or passion is signified; as, my <i>blood</i> was <i>up</i>.</note>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A man of fire or spirit; a fiery spark; a gay, showy man; a rake.</def>

<blockquote>Seest thou not . . . how giddily 'a turns about all the hot <b>bloods</b> between fourteen and five and thirty?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It was the morning costume of a dandy or <b>blood</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>The juice of anything, especially if red.</def>

<blockquote>He washed . . . his clothes in the <b>blood</b> of grapes.
<i>Gen. xiix. 11.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Blood</i> is often used as an adjective, and as the first part of self-explaining compound words; as, <i>blood-</i>bespotted, <i>blood-</i>bought, <i>blood-</i>curdling, <i>blood-</i>dyed, <i>blood-</i>red, <i>blood-</i>spilling, <i>blood-</i>stained, <i>blood-</i>warm, <i>blood-</i>won.</note>

<cs><col>Blood baptism</col> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>the martyrdom of those who had not been baptized. They were considered as baptized in blood, and this was regarded as a full substitute for literal baptism.</cd> -- <col>Blood blister</col>, <cd>a blister or bleb containing blood or bloody serum, usually caused by an injury.</cd> -- <col>Blood brother</col>, <cd>brother by blood or birth.</cd> -- <col>Blood clam</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bivalve mollusk of the genus Arca and allied genera, esp. <spn>Argina pexata</spn> of the American coast. So named from the color of its flesh.</cd> -- <col>Blood corpuscle</col>. <cd>See <er>Corpuscle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blood crystal</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>one of the crystals formed by the separation in a crystalline form of the h\'91moglobin of the red blood corpuscles; h\'91matocrystallin. All blood does not yield blood crystals.</cd> -- <col>Blood heat</col>, <cd>heat equal to the temperature of human blood, or about 98\'ab &deg; Fahr.</cd> -- <col>Blood horse</col>, <cd>a horse whose blood or lineage is derived from the purest and most highly prized origin or stock.</cd> -- <col>Blood money</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Blood orange</col>, <cd>an orange with dark red pulp.</cd> -- <col>Blood poisoning</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a morbid state of the blood caused by the introduction of poisonous or infective matters from without, or the absorption or retention of such as are produced in the body itself; tox\'91mia.</cd> -- <col>Blood pudding</col>, <cd>a pudding made of blood and other materials.</cd> -- <col>Blood relation</col>, <cd>one connected by blood or descent.</cd> -- <col>Blood spavin</col>. <cd>See under <er>Spavin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blood vessel</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Blue blood</col>, <cd>the blood of noble or aristocratic families, which, according to a Spanish prover , has in it a tinge of blue; -- hence, a member of an old and aristocratic family.</cd> -- <col>Flesh and blood</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A blood relation, esp. a child. <sd>(b)</sd> Human nature.</cd> -- <col>In blood</col> <fld>(Hunting)</fld>, <cd>in a state of perfect health and vigor. <i>Shak<i>.</cd> -- <col>To let blood</col>. <cd>See under <er>Let</er>.</cd> -- <col>Prince of the blood</col>, <cd>the son of a sovereign, or the issue of a royal family. The sons, brothers, and uncles of the sovereign are styled <i>princes of the blood royal<i>; and the daughters, sisters, and aunts are <i>princesses of the blood royal<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blood</h1>
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<hw>Blood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blooded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blooding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bleed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<hr>
<page="157">
Page 157<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stain, smear or wet, with blood.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Reach out their spears afar,
And <b>blood</b> their points.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give (hounds or soldiers) a first taste or sight of blood, as in hunting or war.</def>

<blockquote>It was most important too that his troops should be <b>blooded</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To heat the blood of; to exasperate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The auxiliary forces of the French and English were much <b>blooded</b> one against another.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bloodbird</h1>
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<hw>Blood"bird`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Australian honeysucker (<spn>Myzomela sanguineolata</spn>); -- so called from the bright red color of the male bird.</def>

<h1>Blood-boltered</h1>
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<hw>Blood"-bol`tered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Blood</ets> + Prov. E. <ets>bolter</ets> to mat in tufts. Cf.</tt> <er>Balter</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the hair matted with clotted blood.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>blood-boltered</b> Banquo smiles upon me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blooded</h1>
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<hw>Blood"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having pure blood, or a large admixture or pure blood; of approved breed; of the best stock.</def>

<note>&hand; Used also in composition in phrases indicating a particular condition or quality of blood; as, cold-<i>blooded</i>; warm-<i>blooded</i>.</note>

<h1>Bloodflower</h1>
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<hw>Blood"flow`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the color of the flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of bulbous plants, natives of Southern Africa, named <spn>H\'91manthus</spn>, of the Amaryllis family. The juice of <spn>H. toxicarius</spn> is used by the Hottentots to poison their arrows.</def>

<h1>Bloodguilty</h1>
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<hw>Blood"guilt`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Guilty of murder or bloodshed.</def>  "A <i>bloodguilty</i> life." <i>Fairfax</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Blood"guilt`i*ness</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Blood"guilt`less</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bloodhound</h1>
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<hw>Blood"hound`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A breed of large and powerful dogs, with long, smooth, and pendulous ears, and remarkable for acuteness of smell. It is employed to recover game or prey which has escaped wounded from a hunter, and for tracking criminals. Formerly it was used for pursuing runaway slaves. Other varieties of dog are often used for the same purpose and go by the same name. The Cuban bloodhound is said to be a variety of the mastiff.</def>

<h1>Bloodily</h1>
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<hw>Blood"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a bloody manner; cruelly; with a disposition to shed blood.</def>

<h1>Bloodiness</h1>
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<hw>Blood"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being bloody.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disposition to shed blood; bloodthirstiness.</def>

<blockquote>All that <b>bloodiness</b> and savage cruelty which was in our nature.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bloodless</h1>
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<hw>Blood"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bl<?/dle\'a0s</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of blood, or apparently so; <as>as, <ex>bloodless</ex> cheeks</as>; lifeless; dead.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>bloodless</b> carcass of my Hector sold.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not attended with shedding of blood, or slaughter; <as>as, a <ex>bloodless</ex> victory</as>.</def>

<i>Froude.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Without spirit or activity.</def>

<blockquote>Thou <b>bloodless</b> remnant of that royal blood !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Blood"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Blood"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bloodlet</h1>
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<hw>Blood"let`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t. </tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bl<?/dl<?/tan</ets>; <ets>bl<?/d</ets> blood + <ets>l<?/atan</ets> to let.]</ety> <def>bleed; to let blood.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Bloodletter</h1>
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<hw>Blood"let`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, lets blood; a phlebotomist.</def>

<h1>Bloodletting</h1>
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<hw>Blood"let`ting</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act or process of letting blood or bleeding, as by opening a vein or artery, or by cupping or leeches; -- esp. applied to venesection.</def>

<h1>Blood money</h1>
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<hw>Blood" mon`ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>Money paid to the next of kin of a person who has been killed by another.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Money obtained as the price, or at the cost, of another's life; -- said of a reward for supporting a capital charge, of money obtained for betraying a fugitive or for committing murder, or of money obtained from the sale of that which will destroy the purchaser.</def>

<h1>Bloodroot</h1>
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<hw>Blood"root`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Sanguinaria Canadensis</spn>), with a red root and red sap, and bearing a pretty, white flower in early spring; -- called also <altname>puccoon</altname>, <altname>redroot</altname>, <altname>bloodwort</altname>, <altname>tetterwort</altname>, <altname>turmeric</altname>, and <altname>Indian paint</altname>. It has acrid emetic properties, and the rootstock is used as a stimulant expectorant. See <er>Sanguinaria</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; In England the name is given to the tormentil, once used as a remedy for dysentery.</note>

<h1>Bloodshed</h1>
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<hw>Blood"shed`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Blood</ets> + <ets>shed</ets>]</ety> <def>The shedding or spilling of blood; slaughter; the act of shedding human blood, or taking life, as in war, riot, or murder.</def>

<h1>Bloodshedder</h1>
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<hw>Blood"shed`der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who sheds blood; a manslayer; a murderer.</def>

<h1>Bloodshedding</h1>
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<hw>Blood"shed`ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bloodshed.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bloodshot</h1>
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<hw>Blood"shot`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Blood</ets> + <ets>shot</ets>, p. p. of <ets>shoot</ets> to variegate.]</ety> <def>Red and inflamed; suffused with blood, or having the vessels turgid with blood, as when the conjunctiva is inflamed or irritated.</def>

<blockquote>His eyes were <b>bloodshot</b>, . . . and his hair disheveled.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blood-shotten</h1>
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<hw>Blood"-shot`ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bloodshot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bloodstick</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"stick"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A piece of hard wood loaded at one end with lead, and used to strike the fleam into the vein.</def>

<i>Youatt.</i>

<h1>Bloodstone</h1>
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<hw>Blood"stone`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A green siliceous stone sprinkled with red jasper, as if with blood; hence the name; -- called also <altname>heliotrope</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Hematite, an ore of iron yielding a blood red powder or "streak."</def>

<h1>Bloodstroke</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"stroke`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>coup de sang</ets>.]</ety> <def>Loss of sensation and motion from hemorrhage or congestion in the brain.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Bloodsucker</h1>
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<hw>Blood"suck`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any animal that sucks blood; esp., the leech (<spn>Hirudo medicinalis</spn>), and related species.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who sheds blood; a cruel, bloodthirsty man; one guilty of bloodshed; a murderer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A hard and exacting master, landlord, or money lender; an extortioner.</def>

<h1>Bloodthirsty</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"thirst`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Eager to shed blood; cruel; sanguinary; murderous.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Blood"thirst`i*ness</wf> (<?/), <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bloodulf</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"ulf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European bullfinch.</def>

<h1>Blood vessel</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood" ves`sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Any vessel or canal in which blood circulates in an animal, as an artery or vein.</def>

<h1>Bloodwite, Bloodwit</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw><hw>Blood"wite`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Blood"wit`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bl<?/w\'c6te</ets>; <ets>bl<?/d</ets> blood, + <ets>w\'c6te</ets> wite, fine.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Law)</fld> <def>A fine or amercement paid as a composition for the shedding of blood; also, a riot wherein blood was spilled.</def>

<h1>Bloodwood</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"wood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree having the wood or the sap of the color of blood.</def>

<note>Norfolk Island <i>bloodwood</i> is a euphorbiaceous tree (<spn>Baloghia lucida</spn>), from which the sap is collected for use as a plant. Various other trees have the name, chiefly on account of the color of the wood, as <spn>Gordonia H\'91matoxylon</spn> of Jamaica, and several species of Australian <spn>Eucalyptus</spn>; also the true logwood (</spn> H\'91matoxylon campechianum</spn>).</note>

<h1>Bloodwort</h1>
<Xpage=157>

<hw>Blood"wort`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant, <spn>Rumex sanguineus</spn>, or bloody-veined dock. The name is applied also to bloodroot (<spn>Sanguinaria Canadensis</spn>), and to an extensive order of plants (<spn>H\'91modorace\'91</spn>), the roots of many species of which contain a red coloring matter useful in dyeing.</def>

<h1>Bloody</h1>
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<hw>Blood"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bl<?/dig</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Containing or resembling blood; of the nature of blood; <as>as, <ex>bloody</ex> excretions; <ex>bloody</ex> sweat.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Smeared or stained with blood; <as>as, <ex>bloody</ex> hands; a <ex>bloody</ex> handkerchief.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Given, or tending, to the shedding of blood; having a cruel, savage disposition; murderous; cruel.</def>

<blockquote>Some <b>bloody</b> passion shakes your very frame.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Attended with, or involving, bloodshed; sanguinary; esp., marked by great slaughter or cruelty; <as>as, a <ex>bloody</ex> battle</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Infamous; contemptible; -- variously used for mere emphasis or as a low epithet.</def> <mark>[Vulgar]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Bloody</h1>
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<hw>Blood"y</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bloodied</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bloodying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To stain with blood.</def>

<i>Overbury.</i>

<h1>Bloodybones</h1>
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<hw>Blood"y*bones`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A terrible bugbear.</def>

<h1>Bloody flux</h1>
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<hw>Blood"y flux`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The dysentery, a disease in which the flux or discharge from the bowels has a mixture of blood.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Bloody hand</h1>
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<hw>Blood"y hand`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hand stained with the blood of a deer, which, in the old forest laws of England, was sufficient evidence of a man's trespass in the forest against venison.</def>

<i>Jacob.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A red hand, as in the arms of Ulster, which is now the distinguishing mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom.</def>

<h1>Bloody-minded</h1>
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<hw>Blood"y-mind"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a cruel, ferocious disposition; bloodthirsty.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Bloody sweat</h1>
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<hw>Blood"y sweat`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>A sweat accompanied by a discharge of blood; a disease, called <i>sweating sickness</i>, formerly prevalent in England and other countries.</def>

<h1>Bloom</h1>
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<hw>Bloom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blome</ets>, fr. Icel. <ets>bl<?/m</ets>, <ets>bl<?/mi</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>blom</ets>, Goth. <ets>bl<?/ma</ets>, OS. <ets>bl<?/mo</ets>, D. <ets>bloem</ets>, OHG. <ets>bluomo</ets>, <ets>bluoma</ets>, G. <ets>blume</ets>; fr. the same root as AS. <ets>bl<?/wan</ets> to blow, blossom. See <er>Blow</er> to bloom, and cf. <er>Blossom</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A blossom; the flower of a plant; an expanded bud; flowers, collectively.</def>

<blockquote>The rich <b>blooms</b> of the tropics.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The opening of flowers in general; the state of blossoming or of having the flowers open; <as>as, the cherry trees are in <ex>bloom</ex></as>.</def> "Sight of vernal <i>bloom</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A state or time of beauty, freshness, and vigor; an opening to higher perfection, analogous to that of buds into blossoms; <as>as, the <ex>bloom</ex> of youth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Every successive mother has transmitted a fainter <b>bloom</b>, a more delicate and briefer beauty.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The delicate, powdery coating upon certain growing or newly-gathered fruits or leaves, as on grapes, plums, etc. Hence: Anything giving an appearance of attractive freshness; a flush; a glow.</def>

<blockquote>A new, fresh, brilliant world, with all the <b>bloom</b> upon it.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The clouded appearance which varnish sometimes takes upon the surface of a picture.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A yellowish deposit or powdery coating which appears on well-tanned leather.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A popular term for a bright-hued variety of some minerals; <as>as, the rose-red cobalt <ex>bloom</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Bloom</h1>
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<hw>Bloom</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bloomed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blooming</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To produce or yield blossoms; to blossom; to flower or be in flower.</def>

<blockquote>A flower which once
In Paradise, fast by the tree of life,
Began to <b>bloom</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be in a state of healthful, growing youth and vigor; to show beauty and freshness, as of flowers; to give promise, as by or with flowers.</def>

<blockquote>A better country <b>blooms</b> to view,
<blockquote>Beneath a brighter sky.
<i>Logan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bloom</h1>
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<hw>Bloom</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to blossom; to make flourish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Charitable affection <b>bloomed</b> them.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bestow a bloom upon; to make blooming or radiant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>While barred clouds <b>bloom</b> the soft-dying day.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bloom</h1>
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<hw>Bloom</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bl<?/ma</ets> a mass or lump, <ets>\'c6senes bl<?/ma</ets> a lump or wedge of iron.]</ety> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mass of wrought iron from the Catalan forge or from the puddling furnace, deprived of its dross, and shaped usually in the form of an oblong block by shingling.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A large bar of steel formed directly from an ingot by hammering or rolling, being a preliminary shape for further working.</def>

<h1>Bloomary</h1>
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<hw>Bloom"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bloomery</er>.</def>

<h1>Bloomer</h1>
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<hw>Bloom"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Mrs. <ets>Bloomer</ets>, an American, who sought to introduce this style of dress.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A costume for women, consisting of a short dress, with loose trousers gathered round ankles, and (commonly) a broad-brimmed hat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A woman who wears a Bloomer costume.</def>

<h1>Bloomery</h1>
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<hw>Bloom"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Manuf.)</fld> <def>A furnace and forge in which wrought iron in the form of blooms is made directly from the ore, or (more rarely) from cast iron.</def>

<h1>Blooming</h1>
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<hw>Bloom"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The process of making blooms from the ore or from cast iron.</def>

<h1>Blooming</h1>
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<hw>Bloom"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Opening in blossoms; flowering.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Thriving in health, beauty, and vigor; indicating the freshness and beauties of youth or health.</def>

<h1>Bloomingly</h1>
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<hw>Bloom"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a blooming manner.</def>

<h1>Bloomingness</h1>
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<hw>Bloom"ing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A blooming condition.</def>

<h1>Bloomless</h1>
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<hw>Bloom"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without bloom or flowers.</def>

<i>Shelley.</i>

<h1>Bloomy</h1>
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<hw>Bloom"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of bloom; flowery; flourishing with the vigor of youth; <as>as, a <ex>bloomy</ex> spray</as>.</def>

<blockquote>But all the <b>bloomy</b> flush of life is fled.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Covered with bloom, as fruit.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Blooth</h1>
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<hw>Blooth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bloom; a blossoming.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>All that <b>blooth</b> means heavy autumn work for him and his hands.
<i>T. Hardy.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blore</h1>
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<hw>Blore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. a variant of <ets>blare</ets>, v. i.; or cf. Gael. & Ir. <ets>blor</ets> a loud noise.]</ety> <def>The act of blowing; a roaring wind; a blast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A most tempestuous <b>blore</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blosmy</h1>
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<hw>Blos"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Blossomy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Blossom</h1>
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<hw>Blos"som</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blosme</ets>, <ets>blostme</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/sma</ets>, <ets>bl<?/stma</ets>, blossom; akin to D. <ets>bloesem</ets>, L. <ets>fios</ets>, and E. <ets>flower</ets>; from the root of E. <ets>blow</ets> to blossom. See <er>Blow</er> to blossom, and cf. <er>Bloom</er> a blossom.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The flower of a plant, or the essential organs of reproduction, with their appendages; florescence; bloom; the flowers of a plant, collectively; <as>as, the <ex>blossoms</ex> and fruit of a tree; an apple tree in <ex>blossom</ex>.</as></def>

<note>&hand; The term has been applied by some botanists, and is also applied in common usage, to the <i>corolla</i>. It is more commonly used than <i>flower</i> or <i>bloom</i>, when we have reference to the fruit which is to succeed. Thus we use <i>flowers</i> when we speak of plants cultivated for ornament, and <i>bloom</i> in a more general sense, as of flowers in general, or in reference to the beauty of flowers.</note>

<blockquote><b>Blossoms</b> flaunting in the eye of day.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A blooming period or stage of development; something lovely that gives rich promise.</def>

<blockquote>In the <b>blossom</b> of my youth.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The color of a horse that has white hairs intermixed with sorrel and bay hairs; -- otherwise called <i>peach color</i>.</def>

<cs><col>In blossom</col>, <cd>having the blossoms open; in bloom.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blossom</h1>
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<hw>Blos"som</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blossomed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blossoming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>bl<?/stmian</ets>. See <er>Blossom</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put forth blossoms or flowers; to bloom; to blow; to flower.</def>

<blockquote>The moving whisper of huge trees that branched
And <b>blossomed</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To flourish and prosper.</def>

<blockquote>Israel shall <b>blossom</b> and bud, and full the face of the world with fruit.
<i>Isa. xxvii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blossomless</h1>
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<hw>Blos"som*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without blossoms.</def>

<h1>Blossomy</h1>
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<hw>Blos"som*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of blossoms; flowery.</def>

<h1>Blot</h1>
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<hw>Blot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blotted</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blotting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>plette</ets>. See 3d <er>Blot</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To spot, stain, or bespatter, as with ink.</def>

<blockquote>The brief was writ and <b>blotted</b> all with gore.
<i>Gascoigne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To impair; to damage; to mar; to soil.</def>

<blockquote>It <b>blots</b> thy beauty, as frosts do bite the meads.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To stain with infamy; to disgrace.</def>

<blockquote><b>Blot</b> not thy innocence with guiltless blood.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To obliterate, as writing with ink; to cancel; to efface; -- generally with <i>out</i>; <as>as, to <ex>blot</ex> out a word or a sentence</as>. Often figuratively; <as>as, to <ex>blot</ex> out offenses</as>.</def>

<blockquote>One act like this <b>blots</b> out a thousand crimes.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To obscure; to eclipse; to shadow.</def>

<blockquote>He sung how earth <b>blots</b> the moon's gilded wane.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To dry, as writing, with blotting paper.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To obliterate; expunge; erase; efface; cancel; tarnish; disgrace; blur; sully; smear; smutch.</syn>

<h1>Blot</h1>
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<hw>Blot</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take a blot; <as>as, this paper <ex>blots</ex> easily</as>.</def>

<h1>Blot</h1>
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<hw>Blot</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>blettr</ets>, Dan. <ets>plet</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A spot or stain, as of ink on paper; a blur.</def> "Inky <i>blots</i> and rotten parchment bonds."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An obliteration of something written or printed; an erasure.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A spot on reputation; a stain; a disgrace; a reproach; a blemish.</def>

<blockquote>This deadly <b>blot</b> in thy digressing son.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blot</h1>
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<hw>Blot</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>blot</ets> bare, naked, Sw. <ets>blott</ets>, d. bloot, G. <ets>bloss</ets>, and perh. E. <ets>bloat</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Backgammon)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An exposure of a single man to be taken up.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A single man left on a point, exposed to be taken up.</def>

<blockquote>He is too great a master of his art to make a <b>blot</b> which may be so easily hit.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A weak point; a failing; an exposed point or mark.</def>

<h1>Blotch</h1>
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<hw>Blotch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>blacche</ets> in <ets>blacchepot</ets> blacking pot, akin to <ets>black</ets>, as <ets>bleach</ets> is akin to <ets>bleak</ets>. See <er>Black</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, or cf. <er>Blot</er> a spot.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A blot or spot, as of color or of ink; especially a large or irregular spot. Also <i>Fig</i>.; <as>as, a moral <ex>blotch</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Spots and <b>blotches</b> . . . some red, others yellow.
<i>Harvey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A large pustule, or a coarse eruption.</def>

<blockquote>Foul scurf and <b>blotches</b> him defile.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blotched</h1>
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<hw>Blotched</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marked or covered with blotches.</def>

<blockquote>To give their <b>blotched</b> and blistered bodies ease.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blotchy</h1>
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<hw>Blotch"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having blotches.</def>

<h1>Blote</h1>
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<hw>Blote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bloted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bloting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>bl\'94t-fisk</ets> soaked fish, fr. <ets>bl\'94ta</ets> to soak. See 1st <er>Bloat</er>.]</ety> <def>To cure, as herrings, by salting and smoking them; to bloat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Blotless</h1>
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<hw>Blot"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without blot.</def>

<h1>Blotter</h1>
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<hw>Blot"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which blots; esp. a device for absorbing superfluous ink.</def>

<hr>
<page="158">
Page 158<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A wastebook, in which entries of transactions are made as they take place.</def>

<h1>Blottesque</h1>
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<hw>Blot*tesque"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Painting)</fld> <def>Characterized by blots or heavy touches; coarsely depicted; wanting in delineation.</def>

<i>Ruskin.</i>

<h1>Blotting paper</h1>
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<hw>Blot"ting pa`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A kind of thick, bibulous, unsized paper, used to absorb superfluous ink from freshly written manuscript, and thus prevent blots.</def>

<h1>Blouse</h1>
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<hw>Blouse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>blouse</ets>. Of unknown origin.]</ety> <def>A light, loose over-garment, like a smock frock, worn especially by workingmen in France; also, a loose coat of any material, as the undress uniform coat of the United States army.</def>

<h1>Blow</h1>
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<hw>Blow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Blew</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Blown</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blowen</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/wan</ets> to blossom; akin to OS. <ets>bl<?/jan</ets>, D. <ets>bloeijen</ets>, OHG. <ets>pluojan</ets>, MHG. <ets>bl<?/ejen</ets>, G. <ets>bl\'81hen</ets>, L. <ets>florere</ets> to flourish, OIr. <ets>blath</ets> blossom. Cf. <er>Blow</er> to puff, <er>Flourish</er>.]</ety> <def>To flower; to blossom; to bloom.</def>

<blockquote>How <b>blows</b> the citron grove.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blow</h1>
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<hw>Blow</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to blossom; to put forth (blossoms or flowers).</def>

<blockquote>The odorous banks, that <b>blow</b>
Flowers of more mingled hue.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blow</h1>
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<hw>Blow</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A blossom; a flower; also, a state of blossoming; a mass of blossoms.</def> "Such a <i>blow</i> of tulips."

<i>Tatler.</i>

<h1>Blow</h1>
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<hw>Blow</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>blaw</ets>, <ets>blowe</ets>; cf. OHG. <ets>bliuwan</ets>, <ets>pliuwan</ets>, to beat, G. <ets>bl\'84uen</ets>, Goth. <ets>bliggwan</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A forcible stroke with the hand, fist, or some instrument, as a rod, a club, an ax, or a sword.</def>

<blockquote>Well struck ! there was <b>blow</b> for <b>blow</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sudden or forcible act or effort; an assault.</def>

<blockquote>A vigorous <b>blow</b> might win [Hanno's camp].
<i>T. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The infliction of evil; a sudden calamity; something which produces mental, physical, or financial suffering or loss (esp. when sudden); a buffet.</def>

<blockquote>A most poor man, made tame to fortune's <b>blows</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>At a blow</col>, <cd>suddenly; at one effort; by a single vigorous act.</cd> "They lose a province <i>at a blow</i>." <i>Dryden</i>. -- <col>To come to blows</col>, <cd>to engage in combat; to fight; -- said of individuals, armies, and nations.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Stroke; knock; shock; misfortune.</syn>

<h1>Blow</h1>
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<hw>Blow</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Blew</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Blown</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blawen</ets>, <ets>blowen</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/wan</ets> to blow, as wind; akin to OHG. <ets>pl<?/jan</ets>, G. <ets>bl\'84hen</ets>, to blow up, swell, L. <ets>flare</ets> to blow, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to spout out, and to E. <ets>bladder</ets>, <ets>blast</ets>, <ets>inflate</ets>, etc., and perh. <ets>blow</ets> to bloom.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To produce a current of air; to move, as air, esp. to move rapidly or with power; <as>as, the wind <ex>blows</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Hark how it rains and <b>blows</b> !
<i>Walton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To send forth a forcible current of air, as from the mouth or from a pair of bellows.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To breathe hard or quick; to pant; to puff.</def>

<blockquote>Here is Mistress Page at the door, sweating and <b>blowing</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To sound on being blown into, as a trumpet.</def>

<blockquote>There let the pealing organ <b>blow</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To spout water, etc., from the blowholes, as a whale.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To be carried or moved by the wind; <as>as, the dust <ex>blows</ex> in from the street</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The grass <b>blows</b> from their graves to thy own.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To talk loudly; to boast; to storm.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>You <b>blow</b> behind my back, but dare not say anything to my face.
<i>Bartlett.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To blow hot and cold</col> <ety>(a saying derived from a fable of <AE/sop's)</ety>, <cd>to favor a thing at one time and treat it coldly at another; or to appear both to favor and to oppose.</cd> -- <col>To blow off</col>, <cd>to let steam escape through a passage provided for the purpose; as, the engine or steamer is <i>blowing off<i>.</cd> -- <col>To blow out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be driven out by the expansive force of a gas or vapor; <as>as, a steam cock or valve sometimes <ex>blows out</ex></as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To talk violently or abusively.</cd> <mark>[Low]</mark> -- <col>To blow over</col>, <cd>to pass away without effect; to cease, or be dissipated; <as>as, the storm and the clouds have <ex>blown over<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>To blow up</col>, <cd>to be torn to pieces and thrown into the air as by an explosion of powder or gas or the expansive force of steam; to burst; to explode; as, a powder mill or steam boiler <i>blows up<i>.</cd> "The enemy's magazines <i>blew up<i>."  <i>Tatler.</i></cs>

<h1>Blow</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blow</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To force a current of air upon with the mouth, or by other means; <as>as, to <ex>blow</ex> the fire</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To drive by a current air; to impel; <as>as, the tempest <ex>blew</ex> the ship ashore</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Off at sea northeast winds <b>blow</b>
Sabean odors from the spicy shore.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause air to pass through by the action of the mouth, or otherwise; to cause to sound, as a wind instrument; <as>as, to <ex>blow</ex> a trumpet; to <ex>blow</ex> an organ.</as></def>

<blockquote>Hath she no husband
That will take pains to <b>blow</b> a horn before her?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Boy, <b>blow</b> the pipe until the bubble rise,
Then cast it off to float upon the skies.
<i>Parnell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To clear of contents by forcing air through; <as>as, to <ex>blow</ex> an egg; to <ex>blow</ex> one's nose.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To burst, shatter, or destroy by an explosion; -- usually with <i>up</i>, <i>down</i>, <i>open</i>, or similar adverb; <as>as, to <ex>blow</ex> up a building</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To spread by report; to publish; to disclose.</def>

<blockquote>Through the court his courtesy was <b>blown</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His language does his knowledge <b>blow</b>.
<i>Whiting.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To form by inflation; to swell by injecting air; <as>as, to <ex>blow</ex> bubbles; to <ex>blow</ex> glass.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To inflate, as with pride; to puff up.</def>

<blockquote>Look how imagination <b>blows</b> him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To put out of breath; to cause to blow from fatigue; <as>as, to <ex>blow</ex> a horse</as>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To deposit eggs or larv\'91 upon, or in (meat, etc.).</def>

<blockquote>To suffer
The flesh fly <b>blow</b> my mouth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To blow great guns</col>, <cd>to blow furiously and with roaring blasts; -- said of the wind at sea or along the coast.</cd> -- <col>To blow off</col>, <cd>to empty (a boiler) of water through the blow-off pipe, while under steam pressure; also, to eject (steam, water, sediment, etc.) from a boiler.</cd> -- <col>To blow one's own trumpet</col>, <cd>to vaunt one's own exploits, or sound one's own praises.</cd> -- <col>To blow out</col>, <cd>to extinguish by a current of air, as a candle.</cd> -- <col>To blow up</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To fill with air; to swell; as, to <i>blow up<i> a bladder or bubble. <sd>(b)</sd> To inflate, as with pride, self-conceit, etc.; to puff up; as, to <i>blow<i> one <i>up<i> with flattery. "<i>Blown up<i> with high conceits engendering pride." <i>Milton</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> To excite; as, to <i>blow up<i> a contention.<sd>(d)</sd> To burst, to raise into the air, or to scatter, by an explosion; as, to <i>blow up<i> a fort. (<i>e<i>) To scold violently; as, to blow up a person for some offense. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote>I have <b>blown</b> him <b>up</b> well -- nobody can say I wink at what he does.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To blow upon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To blast; to taint; to bring into discredit; to render stale, unsavory, or worthless.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To inform against.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<blockquote>How far the very custom of hearing anything spouted withers and <b>blows upon</b> a fine passage, may be seen in those speeches from [Shakespeare's] Henry V. which are current in the mouths of schoolboys.
<i>C. Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A lady's maid whose character had been <b>blown upon</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blow</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A blowing, esp., a violent blowing of the wind; a gale; <as>as, a heavy <ex>blow</ex> came on, and the ship put back to port</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of forcing air from the mouth, or through or from some instrument; <as>as, to give a hard <ex>blow</ex> on a whistle or horn; to give the fire a <ex>blow</ex> with the bellows.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The spouting of a whale.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A single heat or operation of the Bessemer converter.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An egg, or a larva, deposited by a fly on or in flesh, or the act of depositing it.</def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Blowball</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blow"ball`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The downy seed head of a dandelion, which children delight to blow away.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Blowen, Blowess</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw><hw>Blow"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Blow"ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A prostitute; a courtesan; a strumpet.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Blower</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, blows.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A device for producing a current of air; as: <sd>(a)</sd> A metal plate temporarily placed before the upper part of a grate or open fire. <sd>(b)</sd> A machine for producing an artificial blast or current of air by pressure, as for increasing the draft of a furnace, ventilating a building or shaft, cleansing gram, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A blowing out or excessive discharge of gas from a hole or fissure in a mine.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The whale; -- so called by seamen, from the circumstance of its spouting up a column of water.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fish of the Atlantic coast (<spn>Tetrodon turgidus</spn>); the puffer.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A braggart, or loud talker.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Blowfly</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blow"fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of fly of the genus <i>Musca</i> that deposits its eggs or young larv\'91 (called <i>flyblows</i> and <i>maggots</i>) upon meat or other animal products.</def>

<h1>Blowgun</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blow"gun`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tube, as of cane or reed, sometimes twelve feet long, through which an arrow or other projectile may be impelled by the force of the breath. It is a weapon much used by certain Indians of America and the West Indies; -- called also <altname>blowpipe</altname>, and <altname>blowtube</altname>.  See <er>Sumpitan</er>.</def>

<h1>Blowhole</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blow"hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cavern in a cliff, at the water level, opening to the air at its farther extremity, so that the waters rush in with each surge and rise in a lofty jet from the extremity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A nostril or spiracle in the top of the head of a whale or other cetacean.</def>

<note>&hand; There are two spiracles or blowholes in the common whales, but only one in sperm whales, porpoises, etc.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A hole in the ice to which whales, seals, etc., come to breathe.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>An air hole in a casting.</def>

<h1>Blown</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blown</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Swollen; inflated; distended; puffed up, as cattle when gorged with green food which develops gas.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Stale; worthless.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Out of breath; tired; exhausted.</def> "Their horses much blown."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Covered with the eggs and larv\'91 of flies; fly blown.</def>

<h1>Blown</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blown</hw>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Opened; in blossom or having blossomed, as a flower.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Blow-off</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blow"-off`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A blowing off steam, water, etc.;</def> -- Also, <def2><tt>adj.</tt> <def> <as>as, a <ex>blow-off</ex> cock or pipe</as>.</def></def2>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An outburst of temper or excitement.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Blow-out</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blow"-out`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The cleaning of the flues of a boiler from scale, etc., by a blast of steam.</def>

<h1>Blowpipe</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blow"pipe`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tube for directing a jet of air into a fire or into the flame of a lamp or candle, so as to concentrate the heat on some object.</def>

<note>&hand; It is called a <i>mouth blowpipe</i> when used with the mouth; but for both chemical and industrial purposes, it is often worked by a bellows or other contrivance. The common <i>mouth blowpipe</i> is a tapering tube with a very small orifice at the end to be inserted in the flame. The <i>oxyhydrogen blowpipe</i>, invented by Dr. Hare in 1801, is an instrument in which oxygen and hydrogen, taken from separate reservoirs, in the proportions of two volumes of hydrogen to one of oxygen, are burned in a jet, under pressure. It gives a heat that will consume the diamond, fuse platinum, and dissipate in vapor, or in gaseous forms, most known substances.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A blowgun; a blowtube.</def>

<cs><col>Blowpipe analysis</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>analysis by means of the blowpipe.</cd> -- <col>Blowpipe reaction</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the characteristic behavior of a substance subjected to a test by means of the blowpipe.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blowpoint</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blow"point`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A child's game.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Blowse</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blowse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Blowze</er>.</def>

<h1>Blowth</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blowth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Blow</er> to blossom: cf. <er>Growth</er>.]</ety> <def>A blossoming; a bloom.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark> "In the <i>blowth</i> and bud."

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Blowtube</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blow"tube`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A blowgun.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A similar instrument, commonly of tin, used by boys for discharging paper wads and other light missiles.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Glassmaking)</fld> <def>A long wrought iron tube, on the end of which the workman gathers a quantity of "metal" (melted glass), and through which he blows to expand or shape it; -- called also <altname>blowing tube</altname>, and <altname>blowpipe</altname>.</def>

<h1>Blow valve</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blow" valve`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>See <er>Snifting valve</er>.</def>

<h1>Blowy</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blow"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Windy; <as>as, <ex>blowy</ex> weather; a <ex>blowy</ex> upland.</as></def>

<h1>Blowze</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blowze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from the same root as <ets>blush</ets>.]</ety> <def>A ruddy, fat-faced woman; a wench.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Blowzed</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blowzed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having high color from exposure to the weather; ruddy-faced; blowzy; disordered.</def>

<blockquote>Huge women <b>blowzed</b> with health and wind.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blowzy</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blowz"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Coarse and ruddy-faced; fat and ruddy; high colored; frowzy.</def>

<h1>Blub</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blub</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Bleb</er>, <er>Blob</er>.]</ety> <def>To swell; to puff out, as with weeping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Blubber</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blub"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Blobber</er>, <er>Blob</er>, <er>Bleb</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A bubble.</def>

<blockquote>At his mouth a <b>blubber</b> stood of foam.
<i>Henryson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fat of whales and other large sea animals from which oil is obtained. It lies immediately under the skin and over the muscular flesh.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large sea nettle or medusa.</def>

<h1>Blubber</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blub"ber</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blubbered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blubbering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To weep noisily, or so as to disfigure the face; to cry in a childish manner.</def>

<blockquote>She wept, she <b>blubbered</b>, and she tore her hair.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blubber</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blub"ber</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To swell or disfigure (the face) with weeping; to wet with tears.</def>

<blockquote>Dear Cloe, how <b>blubbered</b> is that pretty face!
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give vent to (tears) or utter (broken words or cries); -- with <i>forth</i> or <i>out</i>.</def>

<h1>Blubbered</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blub"bered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Swollen; turgid; <as>as, a <ex>blubbered</ex> lip</as>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Blubbering</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blub"ber*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of weeping noisily.</def>

<blockquote>He spake well save that his <b>blubbering</b> interrupted him.
<i>Winthrop.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blubbery</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blub"ber*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Swollen; protuberant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Like blubber; gelatinous and quivering; <as>as, a <ex>blubbery</ex> mass</as>.</def>

<h1>Blucher</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blu"cher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of half boot, named from the Prussian general <i>Bl\'81cher</i>.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Bludgeon</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Bludg"eon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Ir. <ets>blocan</ets> a little block, Gael. <ets>plocan</ets> a mallet, W. <ets>plocyn</ets>, dim. of <ets>ploc</ets> block; or perh. connected with E. <ets>blow</ets> a stroke. Cf. <er>Block</er>, <er>Blow</er> a stroke.]</ety> <def>A short stick, with one end loaded, or thicker and heavier that the other, used as an offensive weapon.</def>

<h1>Blue</h1>
<Xpage=158>

<hw>Blue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Bluer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Bluest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bla</ets>, <ets>blo</ets>, <ets>blew</ets>, blue, Sw. <ets>bl<?/</ets>, D. <ets>blauw</ets>, OHG. <ets>bl<?/o</ets>, G. <ets>blau</ets>; but influenced in form by F. <ets>bleu</ets>, from OHG. <ets>bl\'beo</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the color of the clear sky, or a hue resembling it, whether lighter or darker; <as>as, the deep, blue sea; as <ex>blue</ex> as a sapphire; <ex>blue</ex> violets.</as></def> "The <i>blue</i> firmament."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pale, without redness or glare, -- said of a flame; hence, of the color of burning brimstone, betokening the presence of ghosts or devils; <as>as, the candle burns <ex>blue</ex>; the air was <ex>blue</ex> with oaths.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Low in spirits; melancholy; <as>as, to feel <ex>blue</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Suited to produce low spirits; gloomy in prospect; <as>as, thongs looked <ex>blue</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Severe or over strict in morals; gloom; <as>as, <ex>blue</ex> and sour religionists</as>; suiting one who is over strict in morals; inculcating an impracticable, severe, or gloomy mortality; <as>as, <ex>blue</ex> laws</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Literary; -- applied to women; -- an abbreviation of <i>bluestocking</i>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>The ladies were very <b>blue</b> and well informed.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Blue asbestus</col>. <cd>See <er>Crocidolite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blue black</col>, <cd>of, or having, a very dark blue color, almost black.</cd> -- <col>Blue blood</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blood</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blue buck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small South African antelope (<spn>Cephalophus pygm\'91us</spn>); also applied to a larger species <spn>(\'92goceras leucoph\'91us</spn>); the blaubok.</cd> -- <col>Blue cod</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the buffalo cod.</cd> -- <col>Blue crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common edible crab of the Atlantic coast of the United States (<spn>Callinectes hastatus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Blue curls</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a common plant (<spn>Trichostema dichotomum</spn>), resembling pennyroyal, and hence called also <altname>bastard pennyroyal</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Blue devils</col>, <cd>apparitions supposed to be seen by persons suffering with <i>delirium tremens<i>; hence, very low spirits.</cd>  "Can Gumbo shut the hall door upon <i>blue devils<i>, or lay them all in a red sea of claret?" <i>Thackeray</i>. -- <col>Blue gage</col>. <cd>See under <er>Gage</er>, a plum.</cd> -- <col>Blue gum</col>, <cd>an Australian myrtaceous tree (<spn>Eucalyptus globulus</spn>), of the loftiest proportions, now cultivated in tropical and warm temperate regions for its timber, and as a protection against malaria. The essential oil is beginning to be used in medicine. The timber is very useful. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Blue jack</col>, <col>Blue stone</col></mcol>, <cd>blue vitriol; sulphate of copper.</cd> -- <col>Blue jacket</col>, <cd>a man-of war's man; a sailor wearing a naval uniform.</cd> -- <col>Blue jaundice</col>. <cd>See under <er>Jaundice</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blue laws</col>, <cd>a name first used in the eighteenth century to describe certain supposititious laws of extreme rigor reported to have been enacted in New Haven; hence, any puritanical laws.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Blue light</col>, <cd>a composition which burns with a brilliant blue flame; -- used in pyrotechnics and as a night signal at sea, and in military operations.</cd> -- <col>Blue mantle</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>one of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms; -- so called from the color of his official robes.</cd> -- <col>Blue mass</col>, <cd>a preparation of mercury from which is formed the blue pill.</cd> <i>McElrath</i>. -- <col>Blue mold</col>, <cd>or mould, the blue fungus (<spn>Aspergillus glaucus</spn>) which grows on cheese. <i>Brande & C</i>.</cd> -- <col>Blue Monday</col>, <cd>a Monday following a Sunday of dissipation, or itself given to dissipation (as the Monday before Lent).</cd> -- <col>Blue ointment</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>mercurial ointment.</cd> -- <col>Blue Peter</col> <fld>(British Marine)</fld>, <cd>a blue flag with a white square in the center, used as a signal for sailing, to recall boats, etc. It is a corruption of <ets>blue repeater<ets>, one of the British signal flags.</cd> -- <col>Blue pill</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A pill of prepared mercury, used as an aperient, etc.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Blue mass.</cd> -- <col>Blue ribbon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The ribbon worn by members of the order of the Garter; -- hence, a member of that order.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Anything the attainment of which is an object of great ambition; a distinction; a prize.</cd> "These [scholarships] were the <i>blue ribbon</i> of the college." <i>Farrar</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The distinctive badge of certain temperance or total abstinence organizations, as of the <i>Blue ribbon</i> Army.</cd> -- <col>Blue ruin</col>, <cd>utter ruin; also, gin.</cd> <mark>[Eng. Slang]</mark> <i>Carlyle</i>. -- <col>Blue spar</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>azure spar; lazulite. See <er>Lazulite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blue thrush</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European and Asiatic thrush (<spn>Petrocossyphus cyaneas</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Blue verditer</col>. <cd>See <er>Verditer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blue vitriol</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>sulphate of copper, a violet blue crystallized salt, used in electric batteries, calico printing, etc.</cd> -- <col>Blue water</col>, <cd>the open ocean.</cd> -- <col>To look blue</col>, <cd>to look disheartened or dejected.</cd> -- <col>True blue</col>, <cd>genuine and thorough; not modified, nor mixed; not spurious; specifically, of uncompromising Presbyterianism, blue being the color adopted by the Covenanters.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="159">
Page 159<p>

<blockquote>For his religion . . .
'T was Presbyterian, <b>true blue</b>.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blue</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw>Blue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the seven colors into which the rays of light divide themselves, when refracted through a glass prism; the color of the clear sky, or a color resembling that, whether lighter or darker; a pigment having such color. Sometimes, poetically, the sky.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pedantic woman; a bluestocking.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <tt>pl.</tt> <ety>[Short for <ets>blue devils</ets>.]</ety> <def>Low spirits; a fit of despondency; melancholy.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Berlin blue</col>, <cd>Prussian blue.</cd> -- <col>Mineral blue</col>. <cd>See under <er>Mineral</er>.</cd> -- <col>Prussian blue</col>. <cd>See under <er>Prussian</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blue</h1>
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<hw>Blue</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blued</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bluing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make blue; to dye of a blue color; to make blue by heating, as metals, etc.</def>

<h1>Blueback</h1>
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<hw>Blue"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A trout (<spn>Salmo oquassa</spn>) inhabiting some of the lakes of Maine.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A salmon (<spn>Oncorhynchus nerka</spn>) of the Columbia River and northward.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An American river herring (<spn>Clupea \'91stivalis</spn>), closely allied to the alewife.</def>

<h1>Bluebeard</h1>
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<hw>Blue"beard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The hero of a medi\'91val French nursery legend, who, leaving home, enjoined his young wife not to open a certain room in his castle. She entered it, and found the murdered bodies of his former wives. -- Also used adjectively of a subject which it is forbidden to investigate.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>Bluebeard</b> chamber of his mind, into which no eye but his own must look.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bluebell</h1>
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<hw>Blue"bell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Campanula</spn>, especially the <spn>Campanula rotundifolia</spn>, which bears blue bell-shaped flowers; the harebell.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Scilla</spn> (<spn>Scilla nutans</spn>).</def>

<h1>Blueberry</h1>
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<hw>Blue"berry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Blaeberry</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The berry of several species of <spn>Vaccinium</spn>, and ericaceous genus, differing from the American huckleberries in containing numerous minute seeds instead of ten nutlets. The commonest species are <spn>V. Pennsylvanicum</spn> and <spn>V. vacillans</spn>.  <spn>V. corymbosum</spn> is the tall blueberry.</def>

<h1>Bluebill</h1>
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<hw>Blue"bill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A duck of the genus <spn>Fuligula</spn>. Two American species (<spn>F. marila</spn> and <spn>F. affinis</spn>) are common. See <er>Scaup duck</er>.</def>

<h1>Bluebird</h1>
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<hw>Blue"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small song bird (<spn>Sialia sialis</spn>), very common in the United States, and, in the north, one of the earliest to arrive in spring. The male is blue, with the breast reddish. It is related to the European robin.</def>

<cs><col>Pairy bluebird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a brilliant Indian or East Indian bird of the genus <spn>Irena</spn>, of several species.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blue bonnet or Blue-bonnet</h1>
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<hw><hw>Blue" bon`net</hw> or <hw>Blue"-bon`net</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A broad, flat Scottish cap of blue woolen, or one waring such cap; a Scotchman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant. Same as <er>Bluebottle</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European blue titmouse (<spn>Parus c\'d2ruleus</spn>); the bluecap.</def>

<h1>Blue book</h1>
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<hw>Blue" book`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A parliamentary publication, so called from its blue paper covers.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The United States official "Biennial Register."</def>

<h1>Bluebottle</h1>
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<hw>Blue"bot`tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Centaurea cyanus</spn>) which grows in grain fields. It receives its name from its blue bottle-shaped flowers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large and troublesome species of blowfly (<spn>Musca vomitoria</spn>). Its body is steel blue.</def>

<h1>Bluebreast</h1>
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<hw>Blue"breast`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European bird; the blue-throated warbler.</def>

<h1>Bluecap</h1>
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<hw>Blue"cap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bluepoll.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The blue bonnet or blue titmouse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Scot; a Scotchman; -- so named from wearing a blue bonnet.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bluecoat</h1>
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<hw>Blue"coat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One dressed in blue, as a soldier, a sailor, a beadle, etc.</def>

<h1>Blue-eye</h1>
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<hw>Blue"-eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The blue-cheeked honeysucker of Australia.</def>

<h1>Blue-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Blue"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having blue eyes.</def>

<h1>Blue-eyed grass</h1>
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<hw>Blue-eyed grass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>a grasslike plant (<spn>Sisyrinchium anceps</spn>), with small flowers of a delicate blue color.</def>

<h1>Bluefin</h1>
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<hw>Blue"fin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of whitefish (<spn>Coregonus nigripinnis</spn>) found in Lake Michigan.</def>

<h1>Bluefish</h1>
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<hw>Blue"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large voracious fish (<spn>Pomatomus saitatrix</spn>), of the family <spn>Carangid\'91</spn>, valued as a food fish, and widely distributed on the American coast. On the New Jersey and Rhode Island coast it is called the <altname>horse mackerel</altname>, in Virginia <altname>saltwater tailor</altname>, or <altname>skipjack</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A West Indian fish (<spn>Platyglossus radiatus</spn>), of the family <spn>Labrid\'91</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is applied locally to other species of fishes; as the cunner, sea bass, squeteague, etc.</note>

<h1>Bluegown</h1>
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<hw>Blue"gown`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a class of paupers or pensioners, or licensed beggars, in Scotland, to whim annually on the king's birthday were distributed certain alms, including a blue gown; a beadsman.</def>

<h1>Blue grass</h1>
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<hw>Blue" grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of grass (<spn>Poa compressa</spn>) with bluish green stems, valuable in thin gravelly soils; wire grass.</def>

<cs><col>Kentucky blue grass</col>, <cd>a species of grass (<spn>Poa pratensis</spn>) which has running rootstocks and spreads rapidly. It is valuable as a pasture grass, as it endures both winter and drought better than other kinds, and is very nutritious.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blue jay</h1>
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<hw>Blue" jay`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common jay of the United States (<spn>Cyanocitta, or Cyanura, cristata</spn>). The predominant color is bright blue.</def>

<h1>Blue-john</h1>
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<hw>Blue"-john`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A name given to fluor spar in Derbyshire, where it is used for ornamental purposes.</def>

<h1>Bluely</h1>
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<hw>Blue"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With a blue color.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Blueness</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw>Blue"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being blue; a blue color.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Bluenose</h1>
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<hw>Blue"nose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nickname for a Nova Scotian.</def>

<h1>Bluepoll</h1>
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<hw>Blue"poll`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Blue</ets> + <ets>poll</ets> head.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of salmon (<spn>Salmo Cambricus</spn>) found in Wales.</def>

<h1>Blueprint</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw>Blue"print</hw>. <def>See under <er>Print</er>.</def>

<h1>Bluestocking</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw>Blue"stock`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A literary lady; a female pedant.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<note>&hand; As explained in Boswell's "Life of Dr. Johnson", this term is derived from the name given to certain meetings held by ladies, in Johnson's time, for conversation with distinguished literary men. An eminent attendant of these assemblies was a Mr. Stillingfleet, who always wore <i>blue stockings</i>. He was so much distinguished for his conversational powers that his absence at any time was felt to be a great loss, so that the remark became common, "We can do nothing without the <i>blue stockings</i>." Hence these meetings were sportively called <i>bluestocking clubs</i>, and the ladies who attended them, <i>bluestockings</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American avocet (<spn>Recurvirostra Americana</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bluestockingism</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw>Blue"stock`ing*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The character or manner of a bluestocking; female pedantry.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Bluestone</h1>
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<hw>Blue"stone`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Blue vitriol.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A grayish blue building stone, as that commonly used in the eastern United States.</def>

<h1>Bluethroat</h1>
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<hw>Blue"throat`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A singing bird of northern Europe and Asia (<spn>Cyanecula Suecica</spn>), related to the nightingales; -- called also <altname>blue-throated robin</altname> and <altname>blue-throated warbler</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bluets</h1>
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<hw>Blu"ets</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bluet</ets>, <ets>bleuet</ets>, dim. of <ets>bleu</ets> blue. See <er>Blue</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several different species of plants having blue flowers, as the <spn>Houstonia c\'d2rulea</spn>, the <spn>Centaurea cyanus</spn> or bluebottle, and the <spn>Vaccinium angustifolium</spn>.</def>

<h1>Blue-veined</h1>
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<hw>Blue"-veined`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having blue veins or blue streaks.</def>

<h1>Bluewing</h1>
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<hw>Blue"wing`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The blue-winged teal. See <er>Teal</er>.</def>

<h1>Bluey</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw>Blue"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>,<tt>a.</tt>Bluish.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Bluff</h1>
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<hw>Bluff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OD. <ets>blaf</ets> flat, broad, <ets>blaffaert</ets> one with a broad face, also, a boaster; or G. <ets>verbl\'81ffen</ets> to confuse, LG. <ets>bluffen</ets> to frighten; to unknown origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a broad, flattened front; <as>as, the <ex>bluff</ex> bows of a ship</as>.</def> "<i>Bluff</i> visages."

<i>Irving.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rising steeply with a flat or rounded front.</def> "A <i>bluff</i> or bold shore."

<i>Falconer.</i>

<blockquote>Its banks, if not really steep, had a <b>bluff</b> and precipitous aspect.
<i>Judd.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Surly; churlish; gruff; rough.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt; brusque; <as>as, a <ex>bluff</ex> answer; a <ex>bluff</ex> manner of talking; a <ex>bluff</ex> sea captain.</as></def> "<i>Bluff</i> King Hal."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<blockquote>There is indeed a <b>bluff</b> pertinacity which is a proper defense in a moment of surprise.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bluff</h1>
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<hw>Bluff</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A high, steep bank, as by a river or the sea, or beside a ravine or plain; a cliff with a broad face.</def>

<blockquote>Beach, <b>bluff</b>, and wave, adieu.
<i>Whittier.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An act of bluffing; an expression of self-confidence for the purpose of intimidation; braggadocio; <as>as, that is only <ex>bluff</ex>, or a <ex>bluff</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A game at cards; poker.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Bluff</h1>
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<hw>Bluff</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bluffed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bluffing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Poker)</fld> <def>To deter (an opponent) from taking the risk of betting on his hand of cards, as the bluffer does by betting heavily on his own hand although it may be of less value.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To frighten or deter from accomplishing a purpose by making a show of confidence in one's strength or resources; <as>as, he <ex>bluffed</ex> me off</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Bluff</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw>Bluff</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act as in the game of bluff.</def>

<h1>Bluff-bowed</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw>Bluff"-bowed`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Built with the stem nearly straight up and down.</def>

<h1>Bluffer</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw>Bluff"er</hw>, <tt>(<?/)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bluffs.</def>

<h1>Bluff-headed</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw>Bluff"-head`ed</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Built with the stem nearly straight up and down.</def>

<h1>Bluffness</h1>
<Xpage=159>

<hw>Bluff"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being bluff.</def>

<h1>Bluffy</h1>
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<hw>Bluff"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having bluffs, or bold, steep banks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inclined to bo bluff; brusque.</def>

<h1>Bluing</h1>
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<hw>Blu"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of rendering blue; <as>as, the <ex>bluing</ex> of steel</as>.</def>

<i>Tomlinson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something to give a bluish tint, as indigo, or preparations used by washerwomen.</def>

<h1>Bluish</h1>
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<hw>Blu"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat blue; <as>as, <ex>bluish</ex> veins</as>.</def>  "<i>Bluish</i> mists." <i>Dryden</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Blu"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Blu"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Blunder</h1>
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<hw>Blun"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blundered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blundering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blunderen</ets>, <ets>blondren</ets>, to stir, confuse, blunder; perh. allied to <ets>blend</ets> to mix, to confound by mixture.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a gross error or mistake; <as>as, to <ex>blunder</ex> in writing or preparing a medical prescription</as>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move in an awkward, clumsy manner; to flounder and stumble.</def>

<blockquote>I was never distinguished for address, and have often even <b>blundered</b> in making my bow.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Yet knows not how to find the uncertain place,
And <b>blunders</b> on, and staggers every pace.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To blunder on</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To continue blundering. <sd>(b)</sd> To find or reach as if by an accident involving more or less stupidity, -- applied to something desirable; as, to <i>blunder on<i> a useful discovery.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blunder</h1>
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<hw>Blun"der</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to blunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "To <i>blunder</i> an adversary."

<i>Ditton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To do or treat in a blundering manner; to confuse.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>blunders</b> and confounds all these together.
<i>Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blunder</h1>
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<hw>Blun"der</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Confusion; disturbance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gross error or mistake, resulting from carelessness, stupidity, or culpable ignorance.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Blunder</er>, <er>Error</er>, <er>Mistake</er>, <er>Bull</er>.</syn> <usage> An <i>error</i> is a departure or deviation from that which is right or correct; as, an <i>error</i> of the press; an <i>error</i> of judgment. A <i>mistake</i> is the interchange or taking of one thing for another, through haste, inadvertence, etc.; as, a careless <i>mistake</i>.  A <i>blunder</i> is a mistake or error of a gross kind. It supposes a person to flounder on in his course, from carelessness, ignorance, or stupidity. A <i>bull</i> is a verbal blunder containing a laughable incongruity of ideas.</usage>

<h1>Blunderbuss</h1>
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<hw>Blun"der*buss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Either fr. <ets>blunder</ets> + D. <ets>bus</ets> tube, box, akin to G. <ets>b\'81chse</ets> box, gun, E. <ets>box</ets>; or corrupted fr. D. <ets>donderbus</ets> (literally) thunder box, gun, musket.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A short gun or firearm, with a large bore, capable of holding a number of balls, and intended to do execution without exact aim.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stupid, blundering fellow.</def>

<h1>Blunderer</h1>
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<hw>Blun"der*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is apt to blunder.</def>

<h1>Blunderhead</h1>
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<hw>Blun"der*head`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Blunder + head.]</mark> <def>A stupid, blundering fellow.</def>

<h1>Blundering</h1>
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<hw>Blun"der*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by blunders.</def>

<h1>Blunderingly</h1>
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<hw>Blun"der*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a blundering manner.</def>

<h1>Blunge</h1>
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<hw>Blunge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To amalgamate and blend; to beat up or mix in water, as clay.</def>

<h1>Blunger</h1>
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<hw>Blun"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted from <ets>plunger</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wooden blade with a cross handle, used for mi<?/ing the clay in potteries; a plunger.</def>

<i>Tomlinson.</i>

<h1>Blunging</h1>
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<hw>Blun"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of mixing clay in potteries with a blunger.</def>

<i>Tomlinson.</i>

<h1>Blunt</h1>
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<hw>Blunt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.  Prov. G. <ets>bludde</ets> a dull or blunt knife, Dan. <ets>blunde</ets> to sleep, Sw. & Icel. <ets>blunda</ets>; or perh. akin to E. <ets>blind</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a thick edge or point, as an instrument; dull; not sharp.</def>

<blockquote>The murderous knife was dull and <b>blunt</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dull in understanding; slow of discernment; stupid; -- opposed to <i>acute</i>.</def>

<blockquote>His wits are not so <b>blunt</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Abrupt in address; plain; unceremonious; wanting the forms of civility; rough in manners or speech.</def>  "Hiding his bitter jests in <i>blunt</i> behavior."  "A plain, <i>blunt</i> man."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Hard to impress or penetrate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I find my heart hardened and <b>blunt</b> to new impressions.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Blunt</i> is much used in composition, as <i>blunt-</i>edged, <i>blunt-</i>sighted, <i>blunt-</i>spoken.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Obtuse; dull; pointless; curt; short; coarse; rude; brusque; impolite; uncivil.</syn>

<h1>Blunt</h1>
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<hw>Blunt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blunted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blunting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dull the edge or point of, by making it thicker; to make blunt.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To repress or weaken, as any appetite, desire, or power of the mind; to impair the force, keenness, or susceptibility, of; <as>as, to <ex>blunt</ex> the feelings</as>.</def>

<h1>Blunt</h1>
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<hw>Blunt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fencer's foil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A short needle with a strong point. See <er>Needle</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Money.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<i>Beaconsfield.</i>

<h1>Bluntish</h1>
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<hw>Blunt"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat blunt.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Blunt"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bluntly</h1>
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<hw>Blunt"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a blunt manner; coarsely; plainly; abruptly; without delicacy, or the usual forms of civility.</def>

<blockquote>Sometimes after <b>bluntly</b> giving his opinions, he would quietly lay himself asleep until the end of their deliberations.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bluntness</h1>
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<hw>Blunt"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of edge or point; dullness; obtuseness; want of sharpness.</def>

<blockquote>The multitude of elements and <b>bluntness</b> of angles.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bruptness of address; rude plainness.</def> "<i>Bluntness</i> of speech."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Blunt-witted</h1>
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<hw>Blunt"-wit`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dull; stupid.</def>

<blockquote><b>Blunt-witted</b> lord, ignoble in demeanor!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blur</h1>
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<hw>Blur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blurred</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blurring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. of same origin as <ets>blear</ets>. See <er>Blear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render obscure by making the form or outline of confused and uncertain, as by soiling; to smear; to make indistinct and confused; <as>as, to <ex>blur</ex> manuscript by handling it while damp; to <ex>blur</ex> the impression of a woodcut by an excess of ink.</as></def>

<blockquote>But time hath nothing <b>blurred</b> those lines of favor
Which then he wore.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause imperfection of vision in; to dim; to darken.</def>

<blockquote>Her eyes are <b>blurred</b> with the lightning's glare.
<i>J. R. Drake.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To sully; to stain; to blemish, as reputation.</def>

<blockquote>Sarcasms may eclipse thine own,
But can not <b>blur</b> my lost renown.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To spot; blot; disfigure; stain; sully.</syn>

<hr>
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<hr>
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Page 160<p>

<h1>Blur</h1>
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<hw>Blur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which obscures without effacing; a stain; a blot, as upon paper or other substance.</def>

<blockquote>As for those who cleanse <b>blurs</b> with blotted fingers, they make it worse.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dim, confused appearance; indistinctness of vision; <as>as, to see things with a <ex>blur</ex>; it was all <ex>blur</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A moral stain or blot.</def>

<blockquote>Lest she . . . will with her railing set a great <b>blur</b> on mine honesty and good name.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blurry</h1>
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<hw>Blur"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of blurs; blurred.</def>

<h1>Blurt</h1>
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<hw>Blurt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blurted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blurting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Blare</er>.]</ety> <def>To utter suddenly and unadvisedly; to divulge inconsiderately; to ejaculate; -- commonly with <i>out</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Others . . . can not hold, but <b>blurt</b> out, those words which afterward they forced to eat.
<i>Hakewill.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To blurt at</col>, <cd>to speak contemptuously of. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Blush</h1>
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<hw>Blush</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blushed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blushing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bluschen</ets> to shine, look, turn red, AS. <ets>blyscan</ets> to glow; akin to <ets>blysa</ets> a torch, <ets>\'bebl<?/sian</ets> to blush, D. <ets>blozen</ets>, Dan. <ets>blusse</ets> to blaze, blush.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To become suffused with red in the cheeks, as from a sense of shame, modesty, or confusion; to become red from such cause, as the cheeks or face.</def>

<blockquote>To the nuptial bower
I led her <b>blushing</b> like the morn.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In the presence of the shameless and unblushing, the young offender is ashamed to <b>blush</b>.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He would stroke
The head of modest and ingenuous worth,
That <b>blushed</b> at its own praise.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grow red; to have a red or rosy color.</def>

<blockquote>The sun of heaven, methought, was loth to set,
But stayed, and made the western welkin <b>blush</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To have a warm and delicate color, as some roses and other flowers.</def>

<blockquote>Full many a flower is born to <b>blush</b> unseen.
<i>T. Gray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blush</h1>
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<hw>Blush</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To suffuse with a blush; to redden; to make roseate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>blush</b> and beautify the cheek again.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To express or make known by blushing.</def>

<blockquote>I'll <b>blush</b> you thanks.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blush</h1>
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<hw>Blush</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A suffusion of the cheeks or face with red, as from a sense of shame, confusion, or modesty.</def>

<blockquote>The rosy <b>blush</b> of love.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A red or reddish color; a rosy tint.</def>

<blockquote>Light's last <b>blushes</b> tinged the distant hills.
<i>Lyttleton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>At first blush</col>, or <col>At the first blush</col></mcol>, <cd>at the first appearance or view.</cd> "<i>At the first blush<i>, we thought they had been ships come from France." <i>Hakluyt</i>. <note>This phrase is used now more of ideas, opinions, etc., than of material things. "All purely identical propositions, obviously, and <i>at first blush<i>, appear." etc. <i>Locke</i>.</note> -- <col>To put to the blush</col>, <cd>to cause to blush with shame; to put to shame.</cd></cs>

<h1>Blusher</h1>
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<hw>Blush"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One that blushes.</def>

<h1>Blushet</h1>
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<hw>Blush"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A modest girl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Blushful</h1>
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<hw>Blush"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of blushes.</def>

<blockquote>While from his ardent look the turning Spring
Averts her <b>blushful</b> face.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blushing</h1>
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<hw>Blush"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Showing blushes; rosy red; having a warm and delicate color like some roses and other flowers; blooming; ruddy; roseate.</def>

<blockquote>The dappled pink and <b>blushing</b> rose.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blushing</h1>
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<hw>Blush"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of turning red; the appearance of a reddish color or flush upon the cheeks.</def>

<h1>Blushingly</h1>
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<hw>Blush"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a blushing manner; with a blush or blushes; <as>as, to answer or confess blushingly</as>.</def>

<h1>Blushless</h1>
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<hw>Blush"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from blushes; incapable of blushing; shameless; impudent.</def>

<blockquote>Vice now, secure, her <b>blushless</b> front shall raise.
<i>Dodsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Blushy</h1>
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<hw>Blush"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a blush; having the color of a blush; rosy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A <i>blushy</i> color."

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Bluster</h1>
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<hw>Blus"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Blustered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Blustering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Allied to <ets>blast</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To blow fitfully with violence and noise, as wind; to be windy and boisterous, as the weather.</def>

<blockquote>And ever-threatening storms
Of Chaos <b>blustering</b> round.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To talk with noisy violence; to swagger, as a turbulent or boasting person; to act in a noisy, tumultuous way; to play the bully; to storm; to rage.</def>

<blockquote>Your ministerial directors <b>blustered</b> like tragic tyrants.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bluster</h1>
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<hw>Blus"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter, or do, with noisy violence; to force by blustering; to bully.</def>

<blockquote>He bloweth and <b>blustereth</b> out . . . his abominable blasphemy.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As if therewith he meant to <b>bluster</b> all princes into a perfect obedience to his commands.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bluster</h1>
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<hw>Blus"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fitful noise and violence, as of a storm; violent winds; boisterousness.</def>

<blockquote>To the winds they set
Their corners, when with <b>bluster</b> to confound
Sea, air, and shore.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Noisy and violent or threatening talk; noisy and boastful language.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Noise; boisterousness; tumult; turbulence; confusion; boasting; swaggering; bullying.</syn>

<h1>Blusterer</h1>
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<hw>Blus"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, blusters; a noisy swaggerer.</def>

<h1>Blustering</h1>
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<hw>Blus"ter*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exhibiting noisy violence, as the wind; stormy; tumultuous.</def>

<blockquote>A tempest and a <b>blustering</b> day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Uttering noisy threats; noisy and swaggering; boisterous.</def> "A <i>blustering</i> fellow."

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Blusteringly</h1>
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<hw>Blus"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a blustering manner.</def>

<h1>Blusterous</h1>
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<hw>Blus"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclined to bluster; given to blustering; blustering.</def>

<i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Blustrous</h1>
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<hw>Blus"trous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Blusterous.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bo</h1>
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<hw>Bo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>bw</ets>, an interj. of threatening or frightening; n., terror, fear, dread.]</ety> <def>An exclamation used to startle or frighten.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>boh</asp> and <asp>boo</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Boa</h1>
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<hw>Bo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Boas</plw> </plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>boa</ets> a kind of water serpent. Perh. fr. <ets>bos</ets> an ox.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of large American serpents, including the boa constrictor, the emperor boa of Mexico (<spn>B. imperator</spn>), and the chevalier boa of Peru (<spn>B. eques</spn>).</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also applied to related genera; as, the <i>dog-headed boa</i> (<spn>Xiphosoma caninum</spn>).</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A long, round fur tippet; -- so called from its resemblance in shape to the boa constrictor.</def>

<h1>Boa constrictor</h1>
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<hw>Bo"a con*strict"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Boa</er>, and <er>Constrictor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large and powerful serpent of tropical America, sometimes twenty or thirty feet long. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<note>&hand; It has a succession of spots, alternately black and yellow, extending along the back. It kills its prey by constriction. The name is also loosely applied to other large serpents which crush their prey, particularly to those of the genus Python, found in Asia and Africa.</note>

<h1>Boanerges</h1>
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<hw>Bo`a*ner"ges</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. Heb. <ets>bn<?/ hargem</ets> sons of thunder. -- an appellation given by Christ to two of his disciples (James and John). See <ets>Mark</ets> iii. 17.]</ety> <def>Any declamatory and vociferous preacher or orator.</def>

<h1>Boar</h1>
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<hw>Boar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bar</ets>, <ets>bor</ets>, <ets>bore</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'ber</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>p<?/r</ets>, MHG. <ets>b<?/r</ets>, G. <ets>b\'84r</ets>, boar (but not <ets>b\'84r</ets> bear), and perh. Russ. <ets>borov'</ets> boar.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The uncastrated male of swine; specifically, the wild hog.</def>

<h1>Board</h1>
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<hw>Board</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bord</ets>, AS. <ets>bord</ets> board, shipboard; akin to <ets>bred</ets> plank, Icel. <ets>bor<?/</ets> board, side of a ship, Goth. f<?/tu-baurd]/> footstool, D. <ets>bord</ets> board, G. <ets>brett</ets>, <ets>bort</ets>. See def. 8. &root;92.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of timber sawed thin, and of considerable length and breadth as compared with the thickness, -- used for building, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; When sawed thick, as over one and a half or two inches, it is usually called a <i>plank</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A table to put food upon.</def>

<note>&hand; The term <i>board</i> answers to the modern <i>table</i>, but it was often movable, and placed on trestles.</note>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<blockquote>Fruit of all kinds . . .
She gathers, tribute large, and on the <b>board</b>
Heaps with unsparing hand.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: What is served on a table as food; stated meals; provision; entertainment; -- usually as furnished for pay; <as>as, to work for one's <ex>board</ex>; the price of <ex>board</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A table at which a council or court is held. Hence:  A council, convened for business, or any authorized assembly or meeting, public or private; a number of persons appointed or elected to sit in council for the management or direction of some public or private business or trust; <as>as, the <ex>Board</ex> of Admiralty; a <ex>board</ex> of trade; a <ex>board</ex> of directors, trustees, commissioners, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Both better acquainted with affairs than any other who sat then at that <b>board</b>.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We may judge from their letters to the <b>board</b>.
<i>Porteus.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A square or oblong piece of thin wood or other material used for some special purpose, <as>as, a molding <ex>board</ex>; a board or surface painted or arranged for a game; <as>as, a chess<ex>board</ex></as>; a backgammon <ex>board</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Paper made thick and stiff like a board, for book covers, etc.; pasteboard; <as>as, to bind a book in boards</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The stage in a theater; <as>as, to go upon the <ex>boards</ex>, to enter upon the theatrical profession</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <ety>[In this use originally perh. a different word meaning <ets>border</ets>, <ets>margin</ets>; cf. D. <ets>boord</ets>, G. <ets>bord</ets>, shipboard, and G. <ets>borte</ets> trimming; also F. <ets>bord</ets> (fr. G.) the side of a ship. Cf. <er>Border</er>.]</ety> <def>The border or side of anything.</def> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The side of a ship.</def> "Now <i>board</i> to <i>board</i> the rival vessels row." <i>Dryden</i>. See <cref>On board</cref>, below. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The stretch which a ship makes in one tack.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Board</i> is much used adjectively or as the last part of a compound; as, fir <i>board</i>, clap<i>board</i>, floor <i>board</i>, ship<i>board</i>, side<i>board</i>, ironing <i>board</i>, chess<i>board</i>, card<i>board</i>, paste<i>board</i>, sea<i>board</i>; <i>board</i> measure.</note>

<cs><col>The American Board</col>, <cd>a shortened form of "The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions" (the foreign missionary society of the American Congregational churches).</cd> -- <col>Bed and board</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bed</er>.</cd> -- <col>Board and board</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>side by side.</cd> -- <col>Board of control</col>, <cd>six privy councilors formerly appointed to superintend the affairs of the British East Indies.</cd> <i>Stormonth</i>. -- <col>Board rule</col>, <cd>a figured scale for finding without calculation the number of square feet in a board.</cd> <i>Haldeman</i>. -- <col>Board of trade</col>, <cd>in England, a committee of the privy council appointed to superintend matters relating to trade. In the United States, a body of men appointed for the advancement and protection of their business interests; a chamber of commerce.</cd> -- <col>Board wages</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Food and lodging supplied as compensation for services; as, to work hard, and get only <i>board wages<i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Money wages which are barely sufficient to buy food and lodging.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A separate or special allowance of wages for the procurement of food, or food and lodging.</cd> <i>Dryden</i>. -- <col>By the board</col>, <cd>over the <i>board</i>, or side.</cd> "The mast went <i>by the board</i>." <i>Totten</i>. Hence (Fig.), <col>To go by the board</col></mcol>, <cd>to suffer complete destruction or overthrow.</cd> -- <col>To enter on the boards</col>, <cd>to have one's name inscribed on a board or tablet in a college as a student.</cd> <mark>[Cambridge, England.]</mark> "Having been <i>entered on the boards<i> of Trinity college." <i>Hallam</i>. -- <col>To make a good board</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to sail in a straight line when close-hauled; to lose little to leeward.</cd> -- <col>To make short boards</col>, <cd>to tack frequently.</cd> -- <col>On board</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>On shipboard; in a ship or a boat; on board of; as, I came <i>on board</i> early; to be <i>on board</i> ship.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In or into a railway car or train.</cd> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Returning board</col>, <cd>a board empowered to canvass and make an official statement of the votes cast at an election.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Board</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Board</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Boarded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Boarding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover with boards or boarding; <as>as, to board a house</as>.</def> "The <i>boarded</i> hovel."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Board</er> to accost, and see <er>Board</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To go on board of, or enter, as a ship, whether in a hostile or a friendly way.</def>

<blockquote>You <b>board</b> an enemy to capture her, and a stranger to receive news or make a communication.
<i>Totten.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To enter, as a railway car.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To furnish with regular meals, or with meals and lodgings, for compensation; to supply with daily meals.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To place at board, for compensation; <as>as, to <ex>board</ex> one's horse at a livery stable</as>.</def>

<h1>Board</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Board</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To obtain meals, or meals and lodgings, statedly for compensation; <as>as, he <ex>boards</ex> at the hotel</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We are several of us, gentlemen and ladies, who <b>board</b> in the same house.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Board</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Board</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aborder</ets>. See <er>Abord</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To approach; to accost; to address; hence, to woo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I will <b>board</b> her, though she chide as loud
As thunder when the clouds in autumn crack.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boardable</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Board"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That can be boarded, as a ship.</def>

<h1>Boarder</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Board"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who has food statedly at another's table, or meals and lodgings in his house, for pay, or compensation of any kind.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One who boards a ship; one selected to board an enemy's ship.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Boarding</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Board"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The act of entering a ship, whether with a hostile or a friendly purpose.</def>

<blockquote>Both slain at one time, as they attempted the <b>boarding</b> of a frigate.
<i>Sir F. Drake.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of covering with boards; also, boards, collectively; or a covering made of boards.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of supplying, or the state of being supplied, with regular or specified meals, or with meals and lodgings, for pay.</def>

<cs><col>Boarding house</col>, <cd>a house in which boarders are kept.</cd> -- <col>Boarding nettings</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a strong network of cords or ropes erected at the side of a ship to prevent an enemy from boarding it.</cd> -- <col>Boarding pike</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a pike used by sailors in boarding a vessel, or in repelling an attempt to board it. <i>Totten<i>.</cd> -- <col>Boarding school</col>, <cd>a school in which pupils receive board and lodging as well as instruction.</cd></cs>

<h1>Boarfish</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boar"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A Mediterranean fish (<spn>Capros aper</spn>), of the family <spn>Caproid\'91</spn>; -- so called from the resemblance of the extended lips to a hog's snout.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An Australian percoid fish (<spn>Histiopterus recurvirostris</spn>), valued as a food fish.</def>

<h1>Boarish</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boar"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Swinish; brutal; cruel.</def>

<blockquote>In his anointed flesh stick <b>boarish</b> fangs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boast</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Boasted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Boasting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bosten</ets>, <ets>boosten</ets>, v., <ets>bost</ets>, <ets>boost</ets>, n., noise, boasting; cf. G. <ets>bausen</ets>, <ets>bauschen</ets>, to swell, <ets>pusten</ets>, Dan. <ets>puste</ets>, Sw. <ets>pusta</ets>, to blow, Sw. <ets>p\'94sa</ets> to swell; or W. <ets>bostio</ets> to boast, <ets>bost</ets> boast, Gael. <ets>bosd</ets>. But these last may be from English.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To vaunt one's self; to brag; to say or tell things which are intended to give others a high opinion of one's self or of things belonging to one's self; <as>as, to <ex>boast</ex> of one's exploits courage, descent, wealth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>By grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: .. not of works, lest any man should <b>boast</b>.
<i>Eph. ii. 8, 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To speak in exulting language of another; to glory; to exult.</def>

<blockquote>In God we <b>boast</b> all the day long.
<i>Ps. xiiv. 8</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To brag; bluster; vapor; crow; talk big.</syn>

<h1>Boast</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To display in ostentatious language; to speak of with pride, vanity, or exultation, with a view to self-commendation; to extol.</def>

<blockquote>Lest bad men should <b>boast</b>
Their specious deeds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To display vaingloriously.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To possess or have; <as>as, to <ex>boast</ex> a name</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To boast one's self</col>, <cd>to speak with unbecoming confidence in, and approval of, one's self; -- followed by <i>of<i> and the thing to which the boasting relates. <mark>[Archaic]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote><b>Boast</b> not <b>thyself</b> of to-morrow.
<i>Prov. xxvii.<?/</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boast</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain etymology.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>To dress, as a stone, with a broad chisel.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Sculp.)</fld> <def>To shape roughly as a preparation for the finer work to follow; to cut to the general form required.</def>

<h1>Boast</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of boasting; vaunting or bragging.</def>

<blockquote>Reason and morals? and where live they most,
In Christian comfort, or in Stoic <b>boast</b>!
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The cause of boasting; occasion of pride or exultation, -- sometimes of laudable pride or exultation.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>boast</b> of historians.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boastance</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Boasting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Boaster</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who boasts; a braggart.</def>

<h1>Boaster</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stone mason's broad-faced chisel.</def>

<h1>Boastful</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Given to, or full of, boasting; inclined to boast; vaunting; vainglorious; self-praising.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Boast"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Boast"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Boasting</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of glorying or vaunting; vainglorious speaking; ostentatious display.</def>

<blockquote>When <b>boasting</b> ends, then dignity begins.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boastingly</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Boastfully; with boasting.</def> "He <i>boastingly</i> tells you."

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Boastive</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Presumptuous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Boastless</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boast"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without boasting or ostentation.</def>

<h1>Boat</h1>
<Xpage=160>

<hw>Boat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>boot</ets>, <ets>bat</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'bet</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>b\'betr</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'86t</ets>, Dan. <ets>baad</ets>, D.& G. <ets>boot</ets>. Cf. <er>Bateau</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A small open vessel, or water craft, usually moved by cars or paddles, but often by a sail.</def>

<note>&hand; Different kinds of boats have different names; as, <i>canoe</i>, <i>yawl</i>, <i>wherry</i>, <i>pinnace</i>, <i>punt</i>, etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, any vessel; usually with some epithet descriptive of its use or mode of propulsion; <as>as, pilot <ex>boat</ex>, packet <ex>boat</ex>, passage <ex>boat</ex>, advice <ex>boat</ex>, etc.</as>  The term is sometimes applied to steam vessels, even of the largest class; <as>as, the Cunard <ex>boats</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A vehicle, utensil, or dish, somewhat resembling a boat in shape; <as>as, a stone <ex>boat</ex>; a gravy <ex>boat</ex>.</as></def>

<hr>
<page="161">
Page 161<p>

<note>&hand; <i>Boat</i> is much used either adjectively or in combination; as, <i>boat</i> builder or <i>boat</i>builder; <i>boat</i> building or <i>boat</i>building; <i>boat</i> hook or <i>boat</i>hook; <i>boat</i>house; <i>boat</i> keeper or <i>boat</i>keeper; <i>boat</i> load; <i>boat</i> race; <i>boat</i> racing; <i>boat</i> rowing; <i>boat</i> song; <i>boat</i>like; <i>boat</i>-shaped.</note>

<cs><col>Advice boat</col>. <cd>See under <er>Advice</er>.</cd> -- <col>Boat hook</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an iron hook with a point on the back, fixed to a long pole, to pull or push a boat, raft, log, etc.</cd> <i>Totten</i>. -- <col>Boat rope</col>, <cd>a rope for fastening a boat; -- usually called a <altname>painter</altname>.</cd> -- <col>In the same boat</col>, <cd>in the same situation or predicament.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>F. W. Newman.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Boat</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Boated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Boating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To transport in a boat; <as>as, to <ex>boat</ex> goods</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place in a boat; <as>as, to <ex>boat</ex> oars</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To boat the oars</col>. <cd>See under <er>Oar</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Boat</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To go or row in a boat.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>boated</b> over, ran my craft aground.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boatable</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Such as can be transported in a boat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Navigable for boats, or small river craft.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>boatable</b> waters of the Alleghany.
<i>J. Morse.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boatage</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Conveyance by boat; also, a charge for such conveyance.</def>

<h1>Boatbill</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"bill`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wading bird (<spn>Cancroma cochlearia</spn>) of the tropical parts of South America. Its bill is somewhat like a boat with the keel uppermost.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A perching bird of India, of the genus <spn>Eurylaimus</spm>.</def>

<h1>Boat bug</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat" bug`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An aquatic hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Notonecta</spn>; -- so called from swimming on its back, which gives it the appearance of a little boat. Called also <altname>boat fly</altname>, <altname>boat insect</altname>, <altname>boatman</altname>, and <altname>water boatman</altname>.</def>

<h1>Boatful</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Boatfuls</plw>.</plu> <def>The quantity or amount that fills a boat.</def>

<h1>Boathouse</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house for sheltering boats.</def>

<blockquote>Half the latticed <b>boathouse</b> hides.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boating</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of rowing or sailing, esp. as an amusement; carriage in boats.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In Persia, a punishment of capital offenders, by laying them on the back in a covered boat, where they are left to perish.</def>

<h1>Boation</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bo*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>boatus</ets>, fr. <ets>boare</ets> to roar.]</ety> <def>A crying out; a roaring; a bellowing; reverberation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The guns were heard . . . about a hundred Italian miles, in long <b>boations</b>.
<i>Derham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boatman</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Boatmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A man who manages a boat; a rower of a boat.</def>

<blockquote>As late the <b>boatman</b> hies him home.
<i>Percival.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A boat bug. See <er>Boat bug</er>.</def>

<h1>Boatmanship</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"man*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of managing a boat.</def>

<h1>Boat-shaped</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"-shaped`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cymbiform</er>.</def>

<h1>Boat shell</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat" shell`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A marine gastropod of the genus <spn>Crepidula</spn>. The species are numerous. It is so named from its form and interior deck.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A marine univalve shell of the genus <spn>Cymba</spn>.</def>

<h1>Boatsman</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boats"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A boatman.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Boatswain</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"swain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Boat</ets> + <ets>swain</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An officer who has charge of the boats, sails, rigging, colors, anchors, cables, cordage, etc., of a ship, and who also summons the crew, and performs other duties.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The jager gull.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The tropic bird.</def>

<cs><col>Boatswain's mate</col>, <cd>an assistant of the boatswain.</cd></cs>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Boat-tail</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"-tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large grackle or blackbird (<spn>Quiscalus major</spn>), found in the Southern United States.</def>

<h1>Boatwoman</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boat"wom`an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Boatwomen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A woman who manages a boat.</def>

<h1>Bob</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[An onomatopoetic word, expressing quick, jerky motion; OE. <ets>bob</ets> bunch, <ets>bobben</ets> to strike, mock, deceive. Cf. Prov. Eng. <ets>bob</ets>, n., a ball, an engine beam, bunch, blast, trick, taunt, scoff; as, a v., to dance, to courtesy, to disappoint, OF. <ets>bober</ets> to mock.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything that hangs so as to play loosely, or with a short abrupt motion, as at the end of a string; a pendant; <as>as, the <ex>bob</ex> at the end of a kite's tail</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In jewels dressed and at each ear a <b>bob</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A knot of worms, or of rags, on a string, used in angling, as for eels; formerly, a worm suitable for bait.</def>

<blockquote>Or yellow <b>bobs</b>, turned up before the plow,
Are chiefest baits, with cork and lead enow.
<i>Lauson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small piece of cork or light wood attached to a fishing line to show when a fish is biting; a float.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The ball or heavy part of a pendulum; also, the ball or weight at the end of a plumb line.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A small wheel, made of leather, with rounded edges, used in polishing spoons, etc.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A short, jerking motion; act of bobbing; <as>as, a <ex>bob</ex> of the head</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>A working beam.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A knot or short curl of hair; also, a bob wig.</def>

<blockquote>A plain brown <b>bob</b> he wore.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A peculiar mode of ringing changes on bells.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>The refrain of a song.</def>

<blockquote>To bed, to bed, will be the <b>bob</b> of the song.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>A blow; a shake or jog; a rap, as with the fist.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>A jeer or flout; a sharp jest or taunt; a trick.</def>

<blockquote>He that a fool doth very wisely hit,
Doth very foolishly, although he smart,
Not to seem senseless of the <b>bob</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>A shilling.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Bob</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bobbed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bobbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bobben</ets>. See <er>Bob</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to move in a short, jerking manner; to move (a thing) with a bob.</def> "He <i>bobbed</i> his head."

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strike with a quick, light blow; to tap.</def>

<blockquote>If any man happened by long sitting to sleep . . . he was suddenly <b>bobbed</b> on the face by the servants.
<i>Elyot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cheat; to gain by fraud or cheating; to filch.</def>

<blockquote>Gold and jewels that I <b>bobbed</b> from him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To mock or delude; to cheat.</def>

<blockquote>To play her pranks, and <b>bob</b> the fool,
The shrewish wife began.
<i>Turbervile.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To cut short; <as>as, to <ex>bob</ex> the hair, or a horse's tail</as>.</def>

<h1>Bob</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have a short, jerking motion; to play to and fro, or up and down; to play loosely against anything.</def> "<i>Bobbing</i> and courtesying."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To angle with a bob. See <er>Bob</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2 & 3.</def>

<blockquote>He ne'er had learned the art to <b>bob</b>
For anything but eels.
<i>Saxe.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To bob at an apple</col>, <col>cherry</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>to attempt to bite or seize with the mouth an apple, cherry, or other round fruit, while it is swinging from a string or floating in a tug of water.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bobac</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bo"bac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Poland marmot (<spn>Arctomys bobac</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bobance</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bo*bance"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bobance</ets>, F. <ets>bombance</ets>, boasting, pageantry, fr. L. <ets>bombus</ets> a humming, buzzing.]</ety> <def>A boasting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bobber</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, bobs.</def>

<h1>Bobbery</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"ber*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. an Anglo-Indian form of Hindi <ets>b\'bep re</ets> O thou father! (a very disrespectful address).]</ety> <def>A squabble; a tumult; a noisy disturbance; <as>as, to raise a <ex>bobbery</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Bobbin</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bobine</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. L. <ets>bombus</ets> a humming, from the noise it makes, or Ir. & Gael. <ets>baban</ets> tassel, or E. <ets>bob</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small pin, or cylinder, formerly of bone, now most commonly of wood, used in the making of pillow lace. Each thread is wound on a separate bobbin which hangs down holding the thread at a slight tension.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A spool or reel of various material and construction, with a head at one or both ends, and sometimes with a hole bored through its length by which it may be placed on a spindle or pivot. It is used to hold yarn or thread, as in spinning or warping machines, looms, sewing machines, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The little rounded piece of wood, at the end of a latch string, which is pulled to raise the latch.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Haberdashery)</fld> <def>A fine cord or narrow braid.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A cylindrical or spool-shaped coil or insulated wire, usually containing a core of soft iron which becomes magnetic when the wire is traversed by an electrical current.</def>

<cs><col>Bobbin and fly frame</col>, <cd>a roving machine.</cd> -- <col>Bobbin lace</col>, <cd>lace made on a pillow with bobbins; pillow lace.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bobbinet</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob`bi*net"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bobbin</ets> + <ets>net</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of cotton lace which is wrought by machines, and not by hand./def> <altsp>[Sometimes written <asp>bobbin net</asp>.]</altsp><

<blockquote>The English machine-made net is now confined to point net, warp net, and <b>bobbin net</b>, so called from the peculiar construction of the machines by which they are produced.
<i>Tomlinsom.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bobbinwork</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"bin*work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Work woven with bobbins.</def>

<h1>Bobbish</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"bish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hearty; in good spirits.</def> <mark>[Low, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Bobby</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nickname for a policeman; -- from Sir <i>Robert</i> Peel, who remodeled the police force. See Peeler.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Bob-cherry</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"-cher`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A play among children, in which a cherry, hung so as to bob against the mouth, is to be caught with the teeth.</def>

<h1>Bobfly</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fishing)</fld> <def>The fly at the end of the leader; an end fly.</def>

<h1>Bobolink</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"o*link`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American singing bird (<spn>Dolichonyx oryzivorus</spn>). The male is black and white; the female is brown; -- called also, <altname>ricebird</altname>, <altname>reedbird</altname>, and <altname>Boblincoln</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>The happiest bird of our spring is the <b>bobolink</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bobsled, Bobsleigh</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw><hw>Bob"sled`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bob"sleigh`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A short sled, mostly used as one of a pair connected by a reach or coupling; also, the compound sled so formed.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<blockquote>The long wagon body set on <b>bobsleds</b>.
<i>W. D. Howells.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bobstay</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"stay`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bob</ets> + <ets>stay</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope or chain to confine the bowsprit of a ship downward to the stem or cutwater; -- usually in the <tt>pl.</tt></def>

<h1>Bobtail</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bob</ets> + <ets>tail</ets>.]</ety> <def>An animal (as a horse or dog) with a short tail.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Rag</col>, <col>tag</col>, <col>and bobtail</col></mcol>, <cd>the rabble.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bobtail</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"tail`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bobtailed.</def> "<i>Bobtail</i> cur."

<i>Marryat.</i>

<h1>Bobtailed</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"tailed`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the tail cut short, or naturally short; curtailed; <as>as, a <ex>bobtailed</ex> horse or dog; a <ex>bobtailed</ex> coat.</as></def>

<h1>Bobwhite</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob"white`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common qua<?/ of North America <spn>(Colinus, or Ortyx, Virginianus)</spn>; -- so called from its note.</def>

<h1>Bob wig</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bob" wig`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>A short wig with bobs or short curls; -- called also <altname>bobtail wig</altname>.</def>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<h1>Bocal</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bo"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A cylindrical glass vessel, with a large and short neck.</def>

<h1>Bocardo</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bo*car"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A mnemonic word.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A form of syllogism of which the first and third propositions are particular negatives, and the middle term a universal affirmative.</def>

<blockquote>Baroko and <b>Bocardo</b> have been stumbling blocks to the logicians.
<i>Bowen.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A prison; -- originally the name of the old north gate in Oxford, which was used as a prison.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Bocasine</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boc"a*sine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bocassin</ets>, <ets>boucassin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sort of fine buckram.</def>

<h1>Bocca</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boc"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., mouth.]</ety> <def>The round hole in the furnace of a glass manufactory through which the fused glass is taken out.</def>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>Boce</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Boce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>box</ets>, <ets>bocis</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European fish (<spn>Box vulgaris</spn>), having a compressed body and bright colors; -- called also <altname>box</altname>, and <altname>bogue</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bock beer</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bock" beer`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[G. <ets>bockbier</ets>; <ets>bock</ets> a buck + <ets>bier</ets> beer; -- said to be so named from its tendency to cause the drinker to caper like a goat.]</ety> <def>A strong beer, originally made in Bavaria.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>buck beer</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bockelet</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bock"e*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of long-winged hawk; -- called also <altname>bockerel</altname>, and <altname>bockeret</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bockey</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bock"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>bokaal</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bowl or vessel made from a gourd.</def> <mark>[Local, New York]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Bocking</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bock"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coarse woolen fabric, used for floor cloths, to cover carpets, etc.; -- so called from the town of <i>Bocking</i>, in England, where it was first made.</def>

<h1>Bockland</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bock"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bookland</er>.</def>

<h1>Boddice</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bod"dice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bodick</er>.</def>

<h1>Bode</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Boded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Boding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bodien</ets>, AS. <ets>bodian</ets> to announce, tell from <ets>bod</ets> command; akin to Icel. <ets>bo<?/a</ets> to announce, Sw. <ets>b\'86da</ets> to announce, portend. &root;89. See <er>Bid</er>.]</ety> <def>To indicate by signs, as future events; to be the omen of; to portend to presage; to foreshow.</def>

<blockquote>A raven that <b>bodes</b> nothing but mischief.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Good onset <b>bodes</b> good end.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bode</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bode</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To foreshow something; to augur.</def>

<blockquote>Whatever now
The omen proved, it <b>boded</b> well to you.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To forebode; foreshadow; augur; betoken.</syn>

<h1>Bode</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bode</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An omen; a foreshadowing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The owl eke, that of death the <b>bode</b> bringeth.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bid; an offer.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott</i>

<h1>Bode</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bode</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>boda</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>boda</ets>, AS. <ets>bodo</ets>, OHG. <ets>boto</ets>. See <er>Bode</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A messenger; a herald.</def>

<i>Robertson.</i>

<h1>Bode</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bode</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Abide</er>.]</ety> <def>A stop; a halting; delay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bode</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bode</hw>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> from <er>Bide</er>. <def>Abode.</def>

<blockquote>There that night they <b>bode</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bode</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bode</hw>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Bid</er>. Bid or bidden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bodeful</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bode"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Portentous; ominous.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Bodement</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bode"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An omen; a prognostic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This foolish, dreaming, superstitious girl
Makes all these <b>bodements</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bodge</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bodge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A botch; a patch.</def> <mark>[Dial.]</mark>

<i>Whitlock.</i>

<h1>Bodge</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bodge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bodged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To botch; to mend clumsily; to patch.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial.]</mark>

<h1>Bodge</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bodge</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Budge</er>.</def>

<h1>Bodian</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bo"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large food fish (<spn>Diagramma lineatum</spn>), native of the East Indies.</def>

<h1>Bodice</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bod"ice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[This is properly the plural of <ets>body</ets>, Oe. <ets>bodise</ets> a pair of bodies, equiv. to a bodice. Cf. <er>Corset</er>, and see <er>Body</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of under waist stiffened with whalebone, etc., worn esp. by women; a corset; stays.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A close-fitting outer waist or vest forming the upper part of a woman's dress, or a portion of it.</def>

<blockquote>Her <b>bodice</b> half way she unlaced.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bodiced</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bod"iced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing a bodice.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Bodied</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bod"ied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a body; -- usually in composition; <as>as, able-<ex>bodied</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>A doe . . . not altogether so fat, but very good flesh and good <b>bodied</b>.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bodiless</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bod"i*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having no body.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without material form; incorporeal.</def>

<blockquote>Phantoms <b>bodiless</b> and vain.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bodiliness</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bod"i*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Corporeality.</def>

<i>Minsheu.</i>

<h1>Bodily</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bod"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a body or material form; physical; corporeal; consisting of matter.</def>

<blockquote>You are a mere spirit, and have no knowledge of the <b>bodily</b> part of us.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the body, in distinction from the mind.</def> "<i>Bodily</i> defects."

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Real; actual; put in execution.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Be brought to <b>bodily</b> act.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bodily fear</col>, <cd>apprehension of physical injury.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Corporal</er>.</syn>

<h1>Bodily</h1>
<Xpage=161>

<hw>Bod"i*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Corporeally; in bodily form; united with a body or matter; in the body.</def>

<blockquote>For in him dwelleth all the fullness of the Godhead <b>bodily</b>.
<i>Col. ii. 9</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In respect to, or so as to affect, the entire body or mass; entirely; all at once; completely; as, to carry away <i>bodily</i>. "Leapt <i>bodily</i> below."
</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<hr>
<page="162">
Page 162<p>

<h1>Boding</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bod"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Foreshowing; presaging; ominous.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bod"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Boding</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bod"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A prognostic; an omen; a foreboding.</def>

<h1>Bodkin</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bod"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>boydekyn</ets> dagger; of uncertain origin; cf. W. <ets>bidog</ets> hanger, short sword, Ir. <ets>bideog</ets>, Gael. <ets>biodag</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A dagger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When he himself might his quietus make
With a bare <b>bodkin</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Needlework)</fld> <def>An implement of steel, bone, ivory, etc., with a sharp point, for making holes by piercing; a <?/tiletto; an eyeleteer.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A sharp tool, like an awl, used for picking <?/ut letters from a column or page in making corrections.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A kind of needle with a large eye and a blunt point, for drawing tape, ribbon, etc., through a loop or a hem; a tape needle.</def>

<blockquote>Wedged whole ages in a <b>bodkin's</b> eye.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A kind of pin used by women to fasten the hair.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To sit</col>, <col>ride</col>, or <col>travel bodkin</col></mcol>, <cd>to sit closely wedged between two persons. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Bodkin</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bod"kin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Baudekin</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shirley.</i>

<h1>Bodle</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bo"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small Scotch coin worth about one sixth of an English penny.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Bodleian</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bod"lei*an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Sir Thomas Bodley, or to the celebrated library at Oxford, founded by him in the sixteenth century.</def>

<h1>Bodock</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bo*dock"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupt. fr. <ets>bois d'arc</ets>.]</ety> <def>The Osage orange.</def> <mark>[Southwestern U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Bodrage</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bod"rage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. of Celtic origin: cf. <er>Bordrage</er>.]</ety> <def>A raid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Body</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bod"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bodies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>bodi</ets>, AS. <ets>bodig</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>botah</ets>. &root;257. Cf. <er>Bodice</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The material organized substance of an animal, whether living or dead, as distinguished from the spirit, or vital principle; the physical person.</def>

<blockquote>Absent in <b>body</b>, but present in spirit.
<i>1 Cor. v. 3</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For of the soul the <b>body</b> form doth take.
For soul is form, and doth the <b>body</b> make.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The trunk, or main part, of a person or animal, as distinguished from the limbs and head; the main, central, or principal part, as of a tree, army, country, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Who set the <b>body</b> and the limbs
Of this great sport together?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The van of the king's army was led by the general; . . . in the <b>body</b> was the king and the prince.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Rivers that run up into the <b>body</b> of Italy.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The real, as opposed to the symbolical; the substance, as opposed to the shadow.</def>

<blockquote>Which are a shadow of things to come; but the <b>body</b> is of Christ.
<i>Col. ii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A person; a human being; -- frequently in composition; <as>as, any<ex>body</ex>, no<ex>body</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>A dry, shrewd kind of a <b>body</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A number of individuals spoken of collectively, usually as united by some common tie, or as organized for some purpose; a collective whole or totality; a corporation; <as>as, a legislative <ex>body</ex>; a clerical <ex>body</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>A numerous <b>body</b> led unresistingly to the slaughter.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A number of things or particulars embodied in a system; a general collection; <as>as, a great <ex>body</ex> of facts; a <ex>body</ex> of laws or of divinity.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Any mass or portion of matter; any substance distinct from others; <as>as, a metallic <ex>body</ex>; a moving <ex>body</ex>; an a\'89riform <ex>body</ex>.</as></def> "A <i>body</i> of cold air."

<i>Huxley.</i>

<blockquote>By collision of two <b>bodies</b>, grind
The air attrite to fire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Amount; quantity; extent.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>That part of a garment covering the body, as distinguished from the parts covering the limbs.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>The bed or box of a vehicle, on or in which the load is placed; <as>as, a wagon <ex>body</ex>; a cart <ex>body</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The shank of a type, or the depth of the shank (by which the size is indicated); <as>as, a nonpareil face on an agate <ex>body</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A figure that has length, breadth, and thickness; any solid figure.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>Consistency; thickness; substance; strength; <as>as, this color has <ex>body</ex>; wine of a good <ex>body</ex>.</as></def>

<note>&hand; Colors <i>bear a body</i> when they are capable of being ground so fine, and of being mixed so entirely with oil, as to seem only a very thick oil of the same color.</note>

<cs><col>After body</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the part of a ship abaft the dead flat.</cd> -- <col>Body cavity</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the space between the walls of the body and the inclosed viscera; the c\'91lum; -- in mammals, divided by the diaphragm into thoracic and abdominal cavities.</cd> -- <col>Body of a church</col>, <cd>the nave.</cd> -- <col>Body cloth</col>; <plu>pl. <col>Body cloths</col></plu></mcol>, <cd>a cloth or blanket for covering horses.</cd> -- <col>Body clothes</col>. (<pluf>pl.</pluf>) <p><b>1.</b> <cd>Clothing for the body; esp. underclothing.</cd> <p><b>2.</b> <cd>Body cloths for horses.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Addison</i>. -- <col>Body coat</col>, <cd>a gentleman's dress coat.</cd> -- <col>Body color</col> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>, <cd>a pigment that has consistency, thickness, or body, in distinction from a tint or wash.</cd> -- <col>Body of a law</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the main and operative part.</cd> -- <col>Body louse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of louse (<spn>Pediculus vestimenti</spn>), which sometimes infests the human body and clothes. See <er>Grayback</er>.</cd> -- <col>Body plan</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>an end elevation, showing the conbour of the sides of a ship at certain points of her length.</cd> -- <col>Body politic</col>, <cd>the collective body of a nation or state as politically organized, or as exercising political functions; also, a corporation.</cd> <i>Wharton.</i>

<blockquote>As to the persons who compose the <b>body politic</b> or associate themselves, they take collectively the name of "people", or "nation".
<i>Bouvier.</i></blockquote>

 -- <col>Body servant</col>, <cd>a valet.</cd> -- <col>The bodies seven</col> (<fld>Alchemy</fld>), <cd>the metals corresponding to the planets.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sol gold is, and Luna silver we threpe (=call), Mars yren (=iron), Mercurie quicksilver we clepe, Saturnus lead, and Jupiter is tin, and Venus coper.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

 -- <col>Body snatcher</col>, <cd>one who secretly removes without right or authority a dead body from a grave, vault, etc.; a resurrectionist.</cd> -- <col>Body snatching</col> (<fld>Law</fld>), <cd>the unauthorized removal of a dead body from the grave; usually for the purpose of dissection.</cd></cs>

<h1>Body</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bod"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bodied</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bodying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To furnish with, or as with, a body; to produce in definite shape; to embody.</def>

<cs><col>To body forth</col>, <cd>to give from or shape to mentally.</cd>

<blockquote>Imagination <b>bodies</b> forth
The forms of things unknown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
</cs>

<h1>Bodyguard</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bod"y*guard`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A guard to protect or defend the person; a lifeguard.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Retinue; attendance; following.</def>

<i>Bp. Porteus.</i>

<h1>B\'d2otian</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>B\'d2*o"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Boeotia</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, noted for its moist, thick atmosphere, and the dullness and stupidity of its inhabitants.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to B\'d2otia; hence, stupid; dull; obtuse.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of B\'d2otia; also, one who is dull and ignorant.</def></def2>

<h1>Boer</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Boer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D., a farmer. See <er>Boor</er>.]</ety> <def>A colonist or farmer in South Africa of Dutch descent.</def>

<h1>Boes</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bo"es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>3d sing. pr.</tt> of <er>Behove</er>. <def>Behoves or behooves.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bog</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. & Gael. <ets>bog</ets> soft, tender, moist: cf. Ir. bogach bog, moor, marsh, Gael. <ets>bogan</ets> quagmire.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A quagmire filled with decayed moss and other vegetable matter; wet spongy ground where a heavy body is apt to sink; a marsh; a morass.</def>

<blockquote>Appalled with thoughts of <b>bog</b>, or caverned pit,
Of treacherous earth, subsiding where they tread.
<i>R. Jago.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A little elevated spot or clump of earth, roots, and grass, in a marsh or swamp.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Bog bean</col>. <cd>See <er>Buck bean</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Bog bumper</col> (bump, to make a loud noise), <col>Bog blitter</col>, <col>Bog bluiter</col>, <col>Bog jumper</col></mcol>, <cd>the bittern.</cd> <mark>[Prov.]</mark> -- <col>Bog butter</col>, <cd>a hydrocarbon of butterlike consistence found in the peat bogs of Ireland.</cd> -- <col>Bog earth</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soil composed for the most part of silex and partially decomposed vegetable fiber. <i>P. Cyc</i>.</cd> -- <col>Bog moss</col>. <cd><fld>(Bot.)</fld> Same as <er>Sphagnum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bog myrtle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the sweet gale.</cd> -- <col>Bog ore</col>. <cd><fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> An ore of iron found in boggy or swampy land; a variety of brown iron ore, or limonite. <sd>(b)</sd> Bog manganese, the hydrated peroxide of manganese.</cd> -- <col>Bog rush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any rush growing in bogs; saw grass.</cd> -- <col>Bog spavin</col>. <cd>See under <er>Spavin</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bog</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bog</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bogged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bogging</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To sink, as into a bog; to submerge in a bog; to cause to sink and stick, as in mud and mire.</def>

<blockquote>At another time, he was <b>bogged</b> up to the middle in the slough of Lochend.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bogberry</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bog"ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The small cranberry (<spn>Vaccinium oxycoccus</spn>), which grows in boggy places.</def>

<h1>Bogey</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bo"gey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A goblin; a bugbear. See <er>Bogy</er>.</def>

<h1>Boggard</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bog"gard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bogey.</def> <mark>[Local, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Boggle</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bog"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Boggled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Boggling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[ See <er>Bogle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stop or hesitate as if suddenly frightened, or in doubt, or impeded by unforeseen difficulties; to take alarm; to exhibit hesitancy and indecision.</def>

<blockquote>We start and <b>boggle</b> at every unusual appearance.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Boggling</b> at nothing which serveth their purpose.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To do anything awkwardly or unskillfully.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To play fast and loose; to dissemble.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To doubt; hesitate; shrink; stickle; demur.</syn>

<h1>Boggle</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bog"gle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To embarrass with difficulties; to make a bungle or botch of.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Boggler</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bog"gler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who boggles.</def>

<h1>Bogglish</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bog"glish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Doubtful; skittish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Boggy</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bog"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, or containing, a bog or bogs; of the nature of a bog; swampy; <as>as, <ex>boggy</ex> land</as>.</def>

<h1>Bogie</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bo"gie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[A dialectic word. N. of Eng. & Scot.]</mark> <def>A four-wheeled truck, having a certain amount of play around a vertical axis, used to support in part a locomotive on a railway track.</def>

<h1>Bogle</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bo"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. and North Eng. <ets>bogle</ets>, <ets>bogill</ets>, <ets>bugill</ets>, specter; as a verb, to terrify, fr. W. <ets>bwgwl</ets> threatening, fear, <ets>bwg</ets>, <ets>bwgan</ets>, specter, hobgoblin. Cf. <er>Bug</er>.]</ety> <def>A goblin; a specter; a frightful phantom; a bogy; a bugbear.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>boggle</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bogsucker</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bog"suck`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American woodcock; -- so called from its feeding among the bogs.</def>

<h1>Bogtrotter</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bog"trot`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lives in a boggy country; -- applied in derision to the lowest class of Irish.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Bogtrotting</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bog"trot`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Living among bogs.</def>

<h1>Bogue</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To fall off from the wind; to edge away to leeward; -- said only of inferior craft.</def>

<h1>Bogue</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The boce; -- called also <altname>bogue bream</altname>. See <er>Boce</er>.</def>

<h1>Bogus</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bo"gus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Spurious; fictitious; sham; -- a cant term originally applied to counterfeit coin, and hence denoting anything counterfeit.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Bogus</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bo"gus</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A liquor made of rum and molasses.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Bogwood</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bog"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The wood of trees, esp. of oaks, dug up from peat bogs. It is of a shining black or ebony color, and is largely used for making ornaments.</def>

<h1>Bogy</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bo"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bogies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[See <er>Bogle</er>.]</ety> <def>A specter; a hobgoblin; a bugbear.</def> "Death's heads and <i>bogies</i>." <i>J. H. Newman</i>. <altsp>[Written also <asp>bogey</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>There are plenty of such foolish attempts at playing <b>bogy</b> in the history of savages.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bohea</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bo*hea"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Wu-i</ets>, pronounced by the Chinese <ets>bu-i</ets>, the name of the hills where this kind of tea is grown.]</ety> <def>Bohea tea, an inferior kind of black tea. See under <er>Tea</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The name was formerly applied to superior kinds of black tea, or to black tea in general.</note>

<h1>Bohemia</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bo*he"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A country of central Europe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: The region or community of social Bohemians. See <er>Bohemian</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<blockquote>She knew every one who was any one in the land of <b>Bohemia</b>.
<i>Compton Reade.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bohemian</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bo*he"mi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Bohemia, or to the language of its ancient inhabitants or their descendants. See <er>Bohemian</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a social gypsy or "Bohemian" (see <er>Bohemian</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3); vagabond; unconventional; free and easy.</def> <mark>[Modern]</mark>

<blockquote>Hers was a pleasant <b>Bohemian</b> life till she was five and thirty.
<i>Blackw. Mag.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Artists have abandoned their <b>Bohemian</b> manners and customs nowadays.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Bohemian chatterer</col>, &or; <col>Bohemian waxwing</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small bird of Europe and America (<spn>Ampelis garrulus</spn>); the waxwing.</cd> -- <col>Bohemian glass</col>, <cd>a variety of hard glass of fine quality, made in Bohemia. It is of variable composition, containing usually silica, lime, and potash, rarely soda, but no lead. It is often remarkable for beauty of color.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bohemian</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bo*he"mi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native of Bohemia.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The language of the Czechs (the ancient inhabitants of Bohemia), the richest and most developed of the dialects of the Slavic family.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A restless vagabond; -- originally, an idle stroller or gypsy (as in France) thought to have come from Bohemia; in later times often applied to an adventurer in art or literature, of irregular, unconventional habits, questionable tastes, or free morals.</def> <mark>[Modern]</mark>

<note>&hand; In this sense from the French <i>boh\'82mien</i>, a gypsy; also, a person of irregular habits.</note>

<blockquote>She was of a wild, roving nature, inherited from father and mother, who were both <b>Bohemians</b> by taste and circumstances.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bohemianism</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bo*he"mi*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The characteristic conduct or methods of a Bohemian.</def> <mark>[Modern]</mark>

<h1>Bohun upas</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bo"hun u"pas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Upas</er>.</def>

<h1>Boiar</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Bo*iar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Boyar</er>.</def>

<h1>Boil</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Boil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Boiled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Boiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>boilen</ets>, OF. <ets>boilir</ets>, <ets>builir</ets>, F. <ets>bouillir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bullire</ets> to be in a bubbling motion, from <ets>bulla</ets> bubble; akin to Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, Lith. <ets>bumbuls</ets>. Cf. <er>Bull</er> an edict, <er>Budge</er>, <ets>v</ets>., and <er>Ebullition</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be agitated, or tumultuously moved, as a liquid by the generation and rising of bubbles of steam (or vapor), or of currents produced by heating it to the boiling point; to be in a state of ebullition; <as>as, the water <ex>boils</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be agitated like boiling water, by any other cause than heat; to bubble; to effervesce; <as>as, the <ex>boiling</ex> waves</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He maketh the deep to <b>boil</b> like a pot.
<i>Job xii. 31.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pass from a liquid to an a\'89riform state or vapor when heated; <as>as, the water <ex>boils</ex> away</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be moved or excited with passion; to be hot or fervid; <as>as, his blood <ex>boils</ex> with anger</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Then <b>boiled</b> my breast with flame and burning wrath.
<i>Surrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To be in boiling water, as in cooking; <as>as, the potatoes are <ex>boiling</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>To boil away</col>, <cd>to vaporize; to evaporate or be evaporated by the action of heat.</cd> -- <col>To boil over</col>, <cd>to run over the top of a vessel, as liquid when thrown into violent agitation by heat or other cause of effervescence; to be excited with ardor or passion so as to lose self-control.</cd></cs>

<h1>Boil</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Boil</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To heat to the boiling point, or so as to cause ebullition; <as>as, to <ex>boil</ex> water</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form, or separate, by boiling or evaporation; <as>as, to <ex>boil</ex> sugar or salt</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To subject to the action of heat in a boiling liquid so as to produce some specific effect, as cooking, cleansing, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>boil</ex> meat; to <ex>boil</ex> clothes.</as></def>

<blockquote>The stomach cook is for the hall,
And <b>boileth</b> meate for them all.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To steep or soak in warm water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To try whether seeds be old or new, the sense can not inform; but if you <b>boil</b> them in water, the new seeds will sprout sooner.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To boil down</col>, <cd>to reduce in bulk by boiling; as, to <i>boil down<i> sap or sirup.</cd></cs>

<h1>Boil</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Boil</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act or state of boiling.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Boil</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Boil</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Influenced by <ets>boil</ets>, v. See <er>Beal</er>, <er>Bile</er>.]</ety> <def>A hard, painful, inflamed tumor, which, on suppuration, discharges pus, mixed with blood, and discloses a small fibrous mass of dead tissue, called the <i>core</i>.</def>

<cs><col>A blind boil</col>, <cd>one that suppurates imperfectly, or fails to come to a head.</cd> -- <col>Delhi boil</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a peculiar affection of the skin, probably parasitic in origin, prevailing in India (as among the British troops) and especially at Delhi.</cd></cs>

<h1>Boilary</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Boil"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Boilery</er>.</def>

<h1>Boiled</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Boiled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dressed or cooked by boiling; subjected to the action of a boiling liquid; <as>as, <ex>boiled</ex> meat; a <ex>boiled</ex> dinner; <ex>boiled</ex> clothes.</as></def>

<h1>Boiler</h1>
<Xpage=162>

<hw>Boil"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who boils.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vessel in which any thing is boiled.</def>

<note>&hand; The word <i>boiler</i> is a generic term covering a great variety of kettles, saucepans, clothes boilers, evaporators, coppers, retorts, etc.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A strong metallic vessel, usually of wrought iron plates riveted together, or a composite structure variously formed, in which steam is generated for driving engines, or for heating, cooking, or other purposes.</def>

<note>&hand; The earliest steam boilers were usually spheres or sections of spheres, heated wholly from the outside. Watt used the <i>wagon boiler</i> (shaped like the top of a covered wagon) which is still used with low pressures. Most of the boilers in present use may be classified as plain <i>cylinder boilers</i>, <i>flue boilers</i>, <i>sectional</i> and <i>tubular boilers</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Barrel of a boiler</col>, <cd>the cylindrical part containing the flues.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Boiler plate</col>, <col>Boiler iron</col></mcol>, <cd>plate or rolled iron of about a quarter to a half inch in thickness, used for making boilers and tanks, for covering ships, etc.</cd> -- <col>Cylinder boiler</col>, <cd>one which consists of a single iron cylinder.</cd> -- <col>Flue boilers</col> <cd>are usually single shells containing a small number of large flues, through which the heat either passes from the fire or returns to the chimney, and sometimes containing a fire box inclosed by water. -- <col>Locomotive boiler</col>, <cd>a boiler which contains an inclosed fire box and a large number of small flues leading to the chimney.</cd> -- <col>Multiflue boiler</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Tubular boiler</er>, below.</cd> -- <col>Sectional boiler</col>, <cd>a boiler composed of a number of sections, which are usually of small capacity and similar to, and connected with, each other. By multiplication of the sections a boiler of any desired capacity can be built up.</cd> -- <col>Tubular boiler</col>, <cd>a boiler containing tubes which form flues, and are surrounded by the water contained in the boiler. See <i>Illust</i>. <cref>of Steam boiler</cref>, under <er>Steam</er>.</cd> -- <col>Tubulous boiler</col>. <cd>See under <er>Tubulous</er>. See <er>Tube</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 6, and 1st <er>Flue</er>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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Page 163<p>

<h1>Boilery</h1>
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<hw>Boil"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bouillerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A place and apparatus for boiling, as for evaporating brine in salt making.</def>

<h1>Boiling</h1>
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<hw>Boil"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Heated to the point of bubbling; heaving with bubbles; in tumultuous agitation, as boiling liquid; surging; seething; swelling with heat, ardor, or passion.</def>

<cs><col>Boiling point</col>, <cd>the temperature at which a fluid is converted into vapor, with the phenomena of ebullition. This is different for different liquids, and for the same liquid under different pressures. For water, at the level of the sea, barometer 30 in., it is 212 &deg; Fahrenheit; for alcohol, 172.96&deg;; for ether, 94.8&deg;; for mercury, about 675&deg;. The boiling point of water is lowered one degree Fahrenheit for about 550 feet of ascent above the level of the sea.</cd> -- <col>Boiling spring</col>, <cd>a spring which gives out very hot water, or water and steam, often ejecting it with much force; a geyser.</cd> -- <col>To be at the boiling point</col>, <cd>to be very angry.</cd> -- <col>To keep the pot boiling</col>, <cd>to keep going on actively, as in certain games. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Boiling</h1>
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<hw>Boil"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of ebullition or of tumultuous agitation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exposure to the action of a hot liquid.</def>

<h1>Boilingly</h1>
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<hw>Boil"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With boiling or ebullition.</def>

<blockquote>And lakes of bitumen rise <b>boiling</b> higher.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bois d'arc</h1>
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<hw>Bois" d'arc"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., bow wood. So called because used for bows by the Western Indians.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The Osage orange (<spn>Maclura aurantiaca</spn>).</def>

<blockquote>The <b>bois d'arc</b> seems to be the characteristic growth of the black prairies.
<i>U. S. Census (1880).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bois durci</h1>
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<hw>Bois" dur`ci"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., hardened wood.]</ety> <def>A hard, highly polishable composition, made of fine sawdust from hard wood (as rosewood) mixed with blood, and pressed.</def>

<h1>Boist</h1>
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<hw>Boist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>boiste</ets>, F. <ets>bo\'8cte</ets>, from the same root as E. <ets>box</ets>.]</ety> <def>A box.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Boisterous</h1>
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<hw>Bois"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>boistous</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. W. <ets>bwyst</ets> wild, savage, wildness, ferocity, <ets>bwystus</ets> ferocious.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rough or rude; unbending; unyielding; strong; powerful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "<i>Boisterous</i> sword."  "<i>Boisterous</i> hand."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exhibiting tumultuous violence and fury; acting with noisy turbulence; violent; rough; stormy.</def>

<blockquote>The waters swell before a <b>boisterous</b> storm.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The brute and <b>boisterous</b> force of violent men.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Noisy; rough; turbulent; <as>as, <ex>boisterous</ex> mirth; <ex>boisterous</ex> behavior.</as></def>

<blockquote>I like not that loud, <b>boisterous</b> man.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Vehement; excessive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The heat becomes too powerful and <b>boisterous</b> for them.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Loud; roaring; violent; stormy; turbulent; furious; tumultuous; noisy; impetuous; vehement.</syn>

<h1>Boisterously</h1>
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<hw>Bois"ter*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a boisterous manner.</def>

<h1>Boisterousness</h1>
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<hw>Bois"ter*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being boisterous; turbulence; disorder; tumultuousness.</def>

<h1>Boistous</h1>
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<hw>Bois"tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rough or rude; coarse; strong; violent; boisterous; noisy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Bois"tous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Bois"tous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms> <i>Chaucer</i>.

<h1>Bojanus organ</h1>
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<hw>Bo*ja"nus or"gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From <ets>Bojanus</ets>, the discoverer.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A glandular organ of bivalve mollusca, serving in part as a kidney.</def>

<h1>Bokadam</h1>
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<hw>Bo"ka*dam`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cerberus</er>.</def>

<h1>Boke</h1>
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<hw>Boke</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To poke; to thrust.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial.]</mark>

<h1>Bolar</h1>
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<hw>Bo"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bole</er> clay.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to bole or clay; partaking of the nature and qualities of bole; clayey.</def>

<h1>Bolas</h1>
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<hw>Bo"las</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A kind of missile weapon consisting of one, two, or more balls of stone, iron, or other material, attached to the ends of a leather cord; -- used by the Gauchos of South America, and others, for hurling at and entangling an animal.</def>

<h1>Bold</h1>
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<hw>Bold</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bald</ets>, <ets>bold</ets>, AS. <ets>bald</ets>, <ets>beald</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>ballr</ets>, OHG. <ets>bald</ets>, MHG. <ets>balt</ets>, D. boud, Goth. <ets>bal<?/ei</ets> boldness, It. <ets>baldo</ets>. In Ger. there remains only <ets>bald</ets>, adv. soon. Cf. <er>Bawd</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Forward to meet danger; venturesome; daring; not timorous or shrinking from risk; brave; courageous.</def>

<blockquote>Throngs of knights and barons <b>bold</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exhibiting or requiring spirit and contempt of danger; planned with courage; daring; vigorous.</def> "The <i>bold</i> design leased highly."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In a bad sense, too forward; taking undue liberties; over assuming or confident; lacking proper modesty or restraint; rude; impudent.</def>

<blockquote>Thou art too wild, too rude and <b>bold</b> of voice.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Somewhat overstepping usual bounds, or conventional rules, as in art, literature, etc.; taking liberties in o composition or expression; <as>as, the figures of an author are <ex>bold</ex></as>.</def> "<i>Bold</i> tales."

<i>Waller.</i>

<blockquote>The cathedral church is a very <b>bold</b> work.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Standing prominently out to view; markedly conspicuous; striking the eye; in high relief.</def>

<blockquote>Shadows in painting . . . make the figure <b>bolder</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Steep; abrupt; prominent.</def>

<blockquote>Where the <b>bold</b> cape its warning forehead rears.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bold eagle</h1>
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<hw>Bold eagle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>an Australian eagle (<spn>Aquila audax</spn>), which destroys lambs and even the kangaroo.</def> -- <cs><col>To make bold</col>, <cd>to take liberties or the liberty; to venture.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Courageous; daring; brave; intrepid; fearless; dauntless; valiant; manful; audacious; stouthearted; high-spirited; adventurous; confident; strenuous; forward; impudent.</syn>

<h1>Bold</h1>
<Xpage=163>

<hw>Bold</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make bold or daring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bold</h1>
<Xpage=163>

<hw>Bold</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be or become bold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bolden</h1>
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<hw>Bold"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Boldened</er> <tt>(#)</tt>. ]</wordforms> <def>To make bold; to encourage; to embolden.</def>

<blockquote>Ready speakers, being <b>boldened</b> with their present abilities to say more, . . . use less help of diligence and study.
<i>Ascham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bold-faced</h1>
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<hw>Bold"-faced`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Somewhat impudent; lacking modesty; <as>as, a <ex>bold-faced</ex> woman</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I have seen enough to confute all the <b>bold-faced</b> atheists of this age.
<i>Bramhall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Having a conspicuous or heavy face.</def>

<note>&hand; <bold>This line is <i>bold-faced</i> nonpareil.</bold></note>

<h1>Boldly</h1>
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<hw>Bold"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bealdl\'c6ce</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a bold manner.</def>

<h1>Boldness</h1>
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<hw>Bold"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being bold.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Courage; bravery; intrepidity; dauntlessness; hardihood; assurance.</syn>

<h1>Boldo, Boldu</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bol"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bol"du</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fragrant evergreen shrub of Chili (<spn>Peumus Boldus</spn>). The bark is used in tanning, the wood for making charcoal, the leaves in medicine, and the drupes are eaten.</def>

<h1>Bole</h1>
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<hw>Bole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bole</ets>, fr. Icel. <ets>bolr</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>b\'86l</ets>, Dan. <ets>bul</ets>, trunk, stem of a tree, G. <ets>bohle</ets> a thick plank or board; cf. LG. <ets>boll</ets> round. Cf. <er>Bulge</er>.]</ety> <def>The trunk or stem of a tree, or that which is like it.</def>

<blockquote>Enormous elm-tree <b>boles</b> did stoop and lean.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bole</h1>
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<hw>Bole</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etym. doubtful.]</ety> <def>An aperture, with a wooden shutter, in the wall of a house, for giving, occasionally, air or light; also, a small closet.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>Open the <b>bole</b> wi'speed, that I may see if this be the right Lord Geraldin.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bole</h1>
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<hw>Bole</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A measure. See <er>Boll</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Bole</h1>
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<hw>Bole</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a clod or lump of earth: cf. F. <ets>bol</ets>, and also L. <ets>bolus</ets> morsel. Cf. <er>Bolus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any one of several varieties of friable earthy clay, usually colored more or less strongly red by oxide of iron, and used to color and adulterate various substances. It was formerly used in medicine. It is composed essentially of hydrous silicates of alumina, or more rarely of magnesia. See <er>Clay</er>, and <er>Terra alba</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bolus; a dose.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<cs><col>Armenian bole</col>. <cd>See under <er>Armenian</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Bole Armoniac</col>, or <col>Armoniak</col></mcol>, <cd>Armenian bole.  <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bolection</h1>
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<hw>Bo*lec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A projecting molding round a panel. Same as <er>Bilection</er>.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Bolero</h1>
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<hw>Bo*le"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A Spanish dance, or the lively music which accompanies it.</def>

<h1>Boletic</h1>
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<hw>Bo*let"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, the <i>Boletus</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Boletic acid</col>, <cd>an acid obtained from the <spn>Boletus fomentarius</spn>, variety <spn>pseudo-igniarius</spn>. Same as <er>Fumaric acid</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Boletus</h1>
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<hw>Bo*le"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>boletus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of fungi having the under side of the pileus or cap composed of a multitude of fine separate tubes. A few are edible, and others very poisonous.</def>

<h1>Boley, Bolye</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bo"ley</hw>, <hw>Bo"lye</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Booly</er>.</def>

<h1>Bolide</h1>
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<hw>Bo"lide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  See <er>Bolis</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of meteor; a bolis.</def>

<h1>Bolis</h1>
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<hw>Bo"lis</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> missile, arrow, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to throw.]</ety> <def>A meteor or brilliant shooting star, followed by a train of light or sparks; esp. one which explodes.</def>

<h1>Bolivian</h1>
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<hw>Bo*liv"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Bolivia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A native of Bolivia.</def></def2>

<h1>Boll</h1>
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<hw>Boll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bolle</ets> boll, bowl, AS. <ets>bolla</ets>. See <er>Bowl</er> a vessel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The pod or capsule of a plant, as of flax or cotton; a pericarp of a globular form.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Scotch measure, formerly in use: for wheat and beans it contained four Winchester bushels; for oats, barley, and potatoes, six bushels. A boll of meal is 140 lbs. avoirdupois. Also, a measure for salt of two bushels.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes spelled <asp>bole</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Boll</h1>
<Xpage=163>

<hw>Boll</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bolled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To form a boll or seed vessel; to go to seed.</def>

<blockquote>The barley was in the ear, and the flax was <b>bolled</b>.
<i>Ex. ix. 31.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bollandists</h1>
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<hw>Bol"land*ists</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>The Jesuit editors of the "Acta Sanctorum", or Lives of the Saints; -- named from John Bolland, who began the work.</def>

<h1>Bollard</h1>
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<hw>Bol"lard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Bole</er> the stem of a tree, and <er>Pollard</er>.]</ety> <def>An upright wooden or iron post in a boat or on a dock, used in veering or fastening ropes.</def>

<cs><col>Bollard timber</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a timber, also called a <i>knighthead<i>, rising just within the stem in a ship, on either side of the bowsprit, to secure its end.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bollen</h1>
<Xpage=163>

<hw>Boll"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Boln</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Bolling</h1>
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<hw>Boll"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Bole</er> stem of a tree, and <er>Poll</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A tree from which the branches have been cut; a pollard.</def>

<h1>Bollworm</h1>
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<hw>Boll"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of a moth (<spn>Heliothis armigera</spn>) which devours the bolls or unripe pods of the cotton plant, often doing great damage to the crops.</def>

<h1>Boln</h1>
<Xpage=163>

<hw>Boln</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bolnen</ets>, <ets>bollen</ets>; cf. Dan. <ets>bulne</ets>. Cf. <er>Bulge</er>.]</ety> <def>To swell; to puff.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Boln, Bollen</h1>
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<hw><hw>Boln</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Boll"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Swollen; puffed out.</def>

<blockquote>Thin, and <b>boln</b> out like a sail.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bologna</h1>
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<hw>Bo*lo"gna</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A city of Italy which has given its name to various objects.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Bologna sausage.</def>

<cs><col>Bologna sausage</col> <ety>[It. salsiccia di <ets>Bologna<ets>], <cd>a large sausage made of bacon or ham, veal, and pork, chopped fine and inclosed in a skin.</cd> -- <col>Bologna stone</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>radiated barite, or barium sulphate, found in roundish masses composed of radiating fibers, first discovered near Bologna. It is phosphorescent when calcined.</cd> -- <col>Bologna vial</col>, <cd>a vial of unannealed glass which will fly into pieces when its surface is scratched by a hard body, as by dropping into it a fragment of flint; whereas a bullet may be dropped into it without injury.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bolognese</h1>
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<hw>Bo*lo`gnese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Bologna.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native of Bologna.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Bolognese school</col> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>, <cd>a school of painting founded by the Carracci, otherwise called the Lombard or Eclectic school, the object of which was to unite the excellences of the preceding schools.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bolognian</h1>
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<hw>Bo*lo"gnian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Bolognese.</def>

<cs><col>Bolognian stone</col>. <cd>See <i>Bologna stone<i>, under <er>Bologna</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bolometer</h1>
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<hw>Bo*lom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a stroke, ray + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring minute quantities of radiant heat, especially in different parts of the spectrum; -- called also <altname>actinic balance</altname>, <altname>thermic balance</altname>.</def>

<i>S. P. Langley.</i>

<h1>Bolster</h1>
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<hw>Bol"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bolster</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>b<?/lstr</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>bolster</ets>, OHG. <ets>bolstar</ets>, <ets>polstar</ets>, G. <ets>polster</ets>; from the same root as E. <ets>bole</ets> stem, <ets>bowl</ets> hollow vessel. Cf. <er>Bulge</er>, <er>Poltroon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A long pillow or cushion, used to support the head of a person lying on a bed; -- generally laid under the pillows.</def>

<blockquote>And here I'll fling the pillow, there the <b>bolster</b>,
This way the coverlet, another way the sheets.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pad, quilt, or anything used to hinder pressure, support any part of the body, or make a bandage sit easy upon a wounded part; a compress.</def>

<blockquote>This arm shall be a <b>bolster</b> for thy head.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything arranged to act as a support, as in various forms of mechanism, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Saddlery)</fld> <def>A cushioned or a piece part of a saddle.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cushioned or a piece of soft wood covered with tarred canvas, placed on the trestletrees and against the mast, for the collars of the shrouds to rest on, to prevent chafing.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Anything used to prevent chafing.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A plate of iron or a mass of wood under the end of a bridge girder, to keep the girder from resting directly on the abutment.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A transverse bar above the axle of a wagon, on which the bed or body rests.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The crossbeam forming the bearing piece of the body of a railway car; the central and principal cross beam of a car truck.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>the perforated plate in a punching machine on which anything rests when being punched.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Cutlery)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of a knife blade which abuts upon the end of the handle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The metallic end of a pocketknife handle.</def>

<i>G. Francis.</i>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The rolls forming the ends or sides of the Ionic capital.</def>

<i>G. Francis.</i>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A block of wood on the carriage of a siege gun, upon which the breech of the gun rests when arranged for transportation.</def>  <note>[See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Gun carriage</er>.]</note>

<cs><col>Bolster work</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>members which are bellied or curved outward like cushions, as in friezes of certain classical styles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bolster</h1>
<Xpage=163>

<hw>Bol"ster</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bolstered</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Bolstering</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To support with a bolster or pillow.</def>

<i>S. Sharp.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To support, hold up, or maintain with difficulty or unusual effort; -- often with <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>bolster</b> baseness.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Shoddy inventions designed to <b>bolster</b> up a factitious pride.
<i>Compton Reade.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bolstered</h1>
<Xpage=163>

<hw>Bol"stered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Supported; upheld.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Swelled out.</def>

<h1>Bolsterer</h1>
<Xpage=163>

<hw>Bol"ster*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A supporter.</def>

<h1>Bolt</h1>
<Xpage=163>

<hw>Bolt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bolt</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bolti</ets>, Dan. <ets>bolt</ets>, D. <ets>bout</ets>, OHG. <ets>bolz</ets>, G. <ets>bolz</ets>, <ets>bolzen</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shaft or missile intended to be shot from a crossbow or catapult, esp. a short, stout, blunt-headed arrow; a quarrel; an arrow, or that which resembles an arrow; a dart.</def>

<blockquote>Look that the crossbowmen lack not <b>bolts</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A fool's <b>bolt</b> is soon shot.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lightning; a thunderbolt.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A strong pin, of iron or other material, used to fasten or hold something in place, often having a head at one end and screw thread cut upon the other end.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A sliding catch, or fastening, as for a door or gate; the portion of a lock which is shot or withdrawn by the action of the key.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An iron to fasten the legs of a prisoner; a shackle; a fetter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Away with him to prison!
lay <b>bolts</b> enough upon him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A compact package or roll of cloth, as of canvas or silk, often containing about forty yards.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A bundle, as of oziers.</def>

<cs><col>Bolt auger</col>, <cd>an auger of large size; an auger to make holes for the bolts used by shipwrights.</cd> -- <col>Bolt and nut</col>, <cd>a metallic pin with a head formed upon one end, and a movable piece (the nut) screwed upon a thread cut upon the other end. See B, C, and D, in <i>illust<i>. above.</cd></cs>

<note>See <er>Tap bolt</er>, <er>Screw bolt</er>, and <er>Stud bolt</er>.</note>

<h1>Bolt</h1>
<Xpage=163>

<hw>Bolt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bolted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bolting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shoot; to discharge or drive forth.</def>

<hr>
<page="164">
Page 164<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To utter precipitately; to blurt or throw out.</def>

<blockquote>I hate when Vice can <b>bolt</b> her arguments.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To swallow without chewing; <as>as, to <ex>bolt</ex> food</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(U. S. Politics)</fld> <def>To refuse to support, as a nomination made by a party to which one has belonged or by a caucus in which one has taken part.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Sporting)</fld> <def>To cause to start or spring forth; to dislodge, as conies, rabbits, etc.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To fasten or secure with, or as with, a bolt or bolts, as a door, a timber, fetters; to shackle; to restrain.</def>

<blockquote>Let tenfold iron <b>bolt</b> my door.
<i>Langhorn.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Which shackles accidents and <b>bolts</b> up change.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bolt</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bolt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To start forth like a bolt or arrow; to spring abruptly; to come or go suddenly; to dart; <as>as, to <ex>bolt</ex> out of the room</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This Puck seems but a dreaming dolt, . . .
And oft out of a bush doth <b>bolt</b>.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strike or fall suddenly like a bolt.</def>

<blockquote>His cloudless thunder <b>bolted</b> on their heads.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To spring suddenly aside, or out of the regular path; <as>as, the horse <ex>bolted</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(U.S. Politics)</fld> <def>To refuse to support a nomination made by a party or a caucus with which one has been connected; to break away from a party.</def>

<h1>Bolt</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bolt</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a bolt; suddenly; straight; unbendingly.</def>

<blockquote>[He] came <b>bolt</b> up against the heavy dragoon.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bolt upright</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> Perfectly upright; perpendicular; straight up; unbendingly erect. <i>Addison</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> On the back at full length. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bolt</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bolt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bolt</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden spring or start; a sudden spring aside; <as>as, the horse made a <ex>bolt</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sudden flight, as to escape creditors.</def>

<blockquote>This gentleman was so hopelessly involved that he contemplated a <b>bolt</b> to America -- or anywhere.
<i>Compton Reade.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(U. S. Politics)</fld> <def>A refusal to support a nomination made by the party with which one has been connected; a breaking away from one's party.</def>

<h1>Bolt</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bolt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bolted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bolting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bolten</ets>, <ets>boulten</ets>, OF. <ets>buleter</ets>, F. <ets>bluter</ets>, fr. Ll. <ets>buletare</ets>, <ets>buratare</ets>, cf. F. <ets>bure</ets> coarse woolen stuff; fr. L. <ets>burrus</ets> red. See <er>Borrel</er>, and cf. <er>Bultel</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To sift or separate the coarser from the finer particles of, as bran from flour, by means of a bolter; to separate, assort, refine, or purify by other means.</def>

<blockquote>He now had <b>bolted</b> all the flour.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ill schooled in <b>bolted</b> language.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To separate, as if by sifting or bolting; -- with <i>out</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Time and nature will <b>bolt</b> out the truth of things.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To discuss or argue privately, and for practice, as cases at law.</def>

<i>Jacob.</i>

<cs><col>To bolt to the bran</col>, <cd>to examine thoroughly, so as to separate or discover everything important.</cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>This <b>bolts</b> the matter fairly <b>to the bran</b>.
<i>Harte.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The report of the committee was examined and sifted and <b>bolted to the bran</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bolt</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bolt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sieve, esp. a long fine sieve used in milling for bolting flour and meal; a bolter.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Boltel</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bol"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Boultel</er>.</def>

<h1>Bolter</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bolt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bolts; esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> A horse which starts suddenly aside. <sd>(b)</sd> A man who breaks away from his party.</def>

<h1>Bolter</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bolt"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who sifts flour or meal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument or machine for separating bran from flour, or the coarser part of meal from the finer; a sieve.</def>

<h1>Bolter</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bolt"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of fishing line. See <er>Boulter</er>.</def>

<h1>Bolthead</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bolt"head`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A long, straightnecked, glass vessel for chemical distillations; -- called also a <altname>matrass</altname> or receiver.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The head of a bolt.</def>

<h1>Bolting</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bolt"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A darting away; a starting off or aside.</def>

<h1>Bolting</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bolt"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sifting, as of flour or meal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A private arguing of cases for practice by students, as in the Inns of Court.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Bolting cloth</col>, <cd>wire, hair, silk, or other sieve cloth of different degrees of fineness; -- used by millers for sifting flour. <i>McElrath<i>.</cd> -- <col>Bolting hutch</col>, <cd>a bin or tub for the bolted flour or meal; (<i>fig<i>.) a receptacle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Boltonite</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bol"ton*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A granular mineral of a grayish or yellowish color, found in Bolton, Massachusetts. It is a silicate of magnesium, belonging to the chrysolite family.</def>

<h1>Boltrope</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bolt"rope`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope stitched to the edges of a sail to strengthen the sail.</def>

<h1>Boltsprit</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bolt"sprit`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>bowsprit</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bowsprit</er>.</def>

<h1>Bolty</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bol"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An edible fish of the Nile (genus <spn>Chromis</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bulti</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bolus</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bo"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Boluses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>bolus</ets> bit, morsel; cf. G. <ets><?/</ets> lump of earth. See <er>Bole</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, clay.]</ety> <def>A rounded mass of anything, esp. a large pill.</def>

<h1>Bom</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large American serpent, so called from the sound it makes.</def>

<h1>Bomb</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bomb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bombe</ets> bombshell, fr. L. <ets>bombus</ets> a humming or buzzing noise, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A great noise; a hollow sound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A pillar of iron . . . which if you had struck, would make . . . a great <b>bomb</b> in the chamber beneath.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A shell; esp. a spherical shell, like those fired from mortars. See <er>Shell</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A bomb ketch.</def>

<cs><col>Bomb chest</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a chest filled with bombs, or only with gunpowder, placed under ground, to cause destruction by its explosion.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Bomb ketch</col>, <col>Bomb vessel</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a small ketch or vessel, very strongly built, on which mortars are mounted to be used in naval bombardments; -- called also <altname>mortar vessel</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Bomb lance</col>, <cd>a lance or harpoon with an explosive head, used in whale fishing.</cd> -- <col>Volcanic bomb</col>, <cd>a mass of lava of a spherical or pear shape.</cd> "I noticed <i>volcanic bombs<i>."</cs>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Bomb</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bomb</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bombard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Bomb</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bomb</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Boom</er>.]</ety> <def>To sound; to boom; to make a humming or buzzing sound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Bombace</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bom"bace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.]</ety> <def>Cotton; padding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bombard</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bom"bard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bombarde</ets>, LL. <ets>bombarda</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bombus</ets> + <ets>-ard</ets>. Cf. <er>Bumper</er>, and see <er>Bomb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A piece of heavy ordnance formerly used for throwing stones and other ponderous missiles. It was the earliest kind of cannon.</def>

<blockquote>They planted in divers places twelve great <b>bombards</b>, wherewith they threw huge stones into the air, which, falling down into the city, might break down the houses.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bombardment.</def> <mark>[Poetic & R.]</mark>

<i>J. Barlow.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A large drinking vessel or can, or a leather bottle, for carrying liquor or beer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Yond same black cloud, yond huge one, looks like a foul <b>bombard</b> that would shed his liquor.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Padded breeches.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Bombard phrase</col>, <cd>inflated language; bombast. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Bombard</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bom"bard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bombarde</ets>, fr. F. <ets>bombarde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bombardo</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bombard</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bom*bard"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bombarded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bombarding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To attack with bombards or with artillery; especially, to throw shells, hot shot, etc., at or into.</def>

<blockquote>Next, she means to <b>bombard</b> Naples.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His fleet <b>bombarded</b> and burnt down Dieppe.
<i>Wood.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bombardier</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bom`bar*dier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bombardier</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who used or managed a bombard; an artilleryman; a gunner.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A noncommissioned officer in the British artillery.</def>

<cs><col>Bombardier beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of beetle (<spn>Brachinus crepitans</spn>), so called because, when disturbed, it makes an explosive discharge of a pungent and acrid vapor from its anal glands. The name is applied to other related species, as the <spn>B. displosor</spn>, which can produce ten or twelve explosions successively. The common American species is <spn>B. fumans</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bombardman</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bom"bard*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who carried liquor or beer in a can or bombard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They . . . made room for a <b>bombardman</b> that brought bouge for a country lady.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bombardment</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bom*bard"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bombardement</ets>.]</ety> <def>An attack upon a fortress or fortified town, with shells, hot shot, rockets, etc.; the act of throwing bombs and shot into a town or fortified place.</def>

<h1>Bombardo, Bombardon</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw><hw>Bom*bar"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bom*bar"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>bombardo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Originally, a deep-toned instrument of the oboe or bassoon family; thence, a bass reed stop on the organ. The name <i>bombardon</i> is now given to a brass instrument, the lowest of the saxhorns, in tone resembling the ophicleide.</def>

<i>Grove.</i>

<h1>Bombasine</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bom`ba*sine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bombazine</er>.</def>

<h1>Bombast</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bom"bast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bombace</ets> cotton, LL. <ets>bombax</ets> cotton, <ets>bombasium</ets> a doublet of cotton; hence, padding, wadding, fustian. See <er>Bombazine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, cotton, or cotton wool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A candle with a wick of <b>bombast</b>.
<i>Lupton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cotton, or any soft, fibrous material, used as stuffing for garments; stuffing; padding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>How now, my sweet creature of <b>bombast</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Doublets, stuffed with four, five, or six pounds of <b>bombast</b> at least.
<i>Stubbes.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: High-sounding words; an inflated style; language above the dignity of the occasion; fustian.</def>

<blockquote>Yet noisy <b>bombast</b> carefully avoid.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bombast</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bom"bast</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>High-sounding; inflated; big without meaning; magniloquent; bombastic.</def>

<blockquote>[He] evades them with a <b>bombast</b> circumstance,
<blockquote>Horribly stuffed with epithets of war.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor a tall metaphor in <b>bombast</b> way.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bombast</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bom*bast"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To swell or fill out; to pad; to inflate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Not <b>bombasted</b> with words vain ticklish ears to feed.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bombastic, Bombastical</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw><hw>Bom*bas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bom*bas"tic*al</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by bombast; highsounding; inflated.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bom*bas"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>A theatrical, <b>bombastic</b>, windy phraseology.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Turgid; tumid; pompous; grandiloquent.</syn>

<h1>Bombastry</h1>
<Xpage=164>

<hw>Bom"bast*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Swelling words without much meaning; bombastic language; fustian.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bombastry</b> and buffoonery, by nature lofty and light, soar highest of all.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bombax</h1>
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<hw>Bom"bax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., cotton. See <er>Bombast</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees, called also the <altname>silkcotton tree</altname>; also, a tree of the genus Bombax.</def>

<h1>Bombazet Bombazette</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bom`ba*zet" Bom`ba*zette"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Bombazine</er>.]</ety> <def>A sort of thin woolen cloth. It is of various colors, and may be plain or twilled.</def>

<h1>Bombazine</h1>
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<hw>Bom`ba*zine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bombasin</ets>, LL. <ets>bombacinium</ets>, <ets>bambacinium</ets>, L. <ets>bombycinus</ets> silken, <ets>bombycinum</ets> a silk or cotton texture, fr. <ets>bombyx</ets> silk, silkworm, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. Cf. <er>Bombast</er>, <er>Bombycinous</er>.]</ety> <def>A twilled fabric for dresses, of which the warp is silk, and the weft worsted. Black bombazine has been much used for mourning garments.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes spelt <asp>bombasin</asp>, and <asp>bombasine</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Tomlinson.</i>

<h1>Bombic</h1>
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<hw>Bom"bic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bombyx</ets> silk, silkworm: cf. F. <ets>bombique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, the silkworm; <as>as, <ex>bombic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Bombilate</h1>
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<hw>Bom"bi*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>bombilare</ets>, for L. <ets>bombitare</ets>. See <er>Bomb</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To hum; to buzz.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Bombilation</h1>
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<hw>Bom`bi*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A humming sound; a booming.</def>

<blockquote>To . . . silence the <b>bombilation</b> of guns.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bombinate</h1>
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<hw>Bom"bi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To hum; to boom.</def>

<h1>Bombination</h1>
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<hw>Bom`bi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A humming or buzzing.</def>

<h1>Bombolo</h1>
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<hw>Bom"bo*lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bomboloes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. It <ets>bombola</ets> a pitcher.]</ety> <def>A thin spheroidal glass retort or flask, used in the sublimation of camphor.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bumbelo</asp>, and <asp>bumbolo</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bombproof</h1>
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<hw>Bomb"proof`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Secure against the explosive force of bombs.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A structure which heavy shot and shell will not penetrate.</def></def2>

<h1>Bombshell</h1>
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<hw>Bomb"shell`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bomb. See <er>Bomb</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Bombycid</h1>
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<hw>Bom*by"cid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the genus Bombyx, or the family <spn>Bombycid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Bombycinous</h1>
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<hw>Bom*byc"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bombycinus</ets>. See <er>Bombazine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Silken; made of silk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Coles.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Being of the color of the silkworm; transparent with a yellow tint.</def>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Bombylious</h1>
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<hw>Bom*byl"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bombylius</ets> a bumblebee, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>Buzzing, like a bumblebee; <as>as, the bombylious noise of the horse fly</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Bombyx</h1>
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<hw>Bom"byx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., silkworm. See <er>Bombazine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of moths, which includes the silkworm moth. See <er>Silkworm</er>.</def>

<h1>Bon</h1>
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<hw>Bon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>bonus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Good; valid as security for something.</def>

<h1>Bon-accord</h1>
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<hw>Bon-ac*cord"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Good will; good fellowship; agreement.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Bona fide</h1>
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<hw>Bo"na fi"de</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>In or with good faith; without fraud or deceit; real or really; actual or actually; genuine or genuinely; <as>as, you must proceed <ex>bona fide</ex>; a <ex>bona fide</ex> purchaser or transaction.</as></def>

<h1>Bonair</h1>
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<hw>Bo*nair"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE., also <ets>bonere</ets>, OF. <ets>bonnaire</ets>, Cotgr., abbrev. of <ets>debonnaire</ets>. See <er>Debonair</er>.]</ety> <def>Gentle; courteous; complaisant; yielding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bonanza</h1>
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<hw>Bo*nan"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., prop. calm., fair weather, prosperity, fr. L. <ets>bonus</ets> good.]</ety> <def>In mining, a rich mine or vein of silver or gold; hence, anything which is a mine of wealth or yields a large income.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Bonapartean</h1>
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<hw>Bo`na*part"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Napoleon Bonaparte or his family.</def>

<h1>Bonapartism</h1>
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<hw>Bo"na*part`ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The policy of Bonaparte or of the Bonapartes.</def>

<h1>Bonapartist</h1>
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<hw>Bo"na*part`ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One attached to the policy or family of Bonaparte, or of the Bonapartes.</def>

<h1>Bona peritura</h1>
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<hw>Bo"na per`i*tu"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Perishable goods.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Bona roba</h1>
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<hw>Bo"na ro"ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[It., prop. "good stuff."]</ety> <def>A showy wanton; a courtesan.</def>

<i>Shak</i>

<h1>Bonasus, Bonassus</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bo*na"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bo*nas"sus</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bonasus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The aurochs or European bison. See <er>Aurochs</er>.</def>

<h1>Bonbon</h1>
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<hw>Bon"bon`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bonbon</ets>, fr. <ets>bon bon</ets> very good, a superlative by reduplication, fr. <ets>bon</ets> good.]</ety> <def>Sugar confectionery; a sugarplum; hence, any dainty.</def>

<h1>Bonce</h1>
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<hw>Bonce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. unknown.]</ety> <def>A boy's game played with large marbles.</def>

<h1>Bonchr\'82tien</h1>
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<hw>Bon`chr\'82`tien"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., good Christian.]</ety> <def>A name given to several kinds of pears. See <er>Bartlett</er>.</def>

<h1>Boncilate</h1>
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<hw>Bon"ci*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Empirical trade name.]</ety> <def>A substance composed of ground bone, mineral matters, etc., hardened by pressure, and used for making billiard balls, boxes, etc.</def>

<h1>Bond</h1>
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<hw>Bond</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The same word as band. Cf. <er>Band</er>, <er>Bend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which binds, ties, fastens,or confines, or by which anything is fastened or bound, as a cord, chain, etc.; a band; a ligament; a shackle or a manacle.</def>

<blockquote>Gnawing with my teeth my <b>bonds</b> in sunder,
I gained my freedom.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The state of being bound; imprisonment; captivity, restraint.</def> "This man doeth nothing worthy of death or of <i>bonds</i>."

<i>Acts xxvi.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A binding force or influence; a cause of union; a uniting tie; <as>as, the <ex>bonds</ex> of fellowship</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A people with whom I have no tie but the common <b>bond</b> of mankind.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Moral or political duty or obligation.</def>

<blockquote>I love your majesty
According to my <b>bond</b>, nor more nor less.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writing under seal, by which a person binds himself, his heirs, executors, and administrators, to pay a certain sum on or before a future day appointed. This is a <i>single bond</i>. But usually a condition is added, that, if the obligor shall do a certain act, appear at a certain place, conform to certain rules, faithfully perform certain duties, or pay a certain sum of money, on or before a time specified, the obligation shall be void; otherwise it shall remain in full force. If the condition is not performed, the bond becomes forfeited, and the obligor and his heirs are liable to the payment of the whole sum.</def>

<i>Bouvier. Wharton.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An instrument (of the nature of the ordinary legal bond) made by a government or a corporation for purpose of borrowing money; <as>as, a government, city, or railway <ex>bond</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The state of goods placed in a bonded warehouse till the duties are paid; <as>as, merchandise in <ex>bond</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The union or tie of the several stones or bricks forming a wall. The bricks may be arranged for this purpose in several different ways, as in <i>English</i> or <i>block bond</i> (Fig. 1), where one course consists of bricks with their ends toward the face of the wall, called <i>headers</i>, and the next course of bricks with their lengths parallel to the face of the wall, called <i>stretchers</i>; <i>Flemish bond</i> (Fig.2), where each course consists of headers and stretchers alternately, so laid as always to break joints; <i>Cross bond</i>, which differs from the English by the change of the second stretcher line so that its joints come in the middle of the first, and the same position of stretchers comes back every fifth line; <i>Combined cross and English bond</i>, where the inner part of the wall is laid in the one method, the outer in the other.</def>

<hr>
<page="165">
Page 165<p>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A unit of chemical attraction; <as>as, oxygen has two <ex>bonds</ex> of affinity</as>. It is often represented in graphic formul\'91 by a short line or dash. See <i>Diagram</i> of <er>Benzene nucleus</er>, and <er>Valence</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Arbitration bond</col>. <cd>See under <er>Arbitration</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bond crediter</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a creditor whose debt is secured by a bond.</cd> <i>Blackstone.</i> -- <col>Bond debt</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a debt contracted under the obligation of a bond.</cd> <i>Burrows</i>. -- <mcol><col>Bond</col> (&or; <col>lap</col>) <col>of a slate</col></mcol>, <cd>the distance between the top of one slate and the bottom or drip of the second slate above, i. e., the space which is covered with three thicknesses; also, the distance between the nail of the under slate and the lower edge of the upper slate.</cd> -- <col>Bond timber</col>, <cd>timber worked into a wall to tie or strengthen it longitudinally.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Chains; fetters; captivity; imprisonment.</syn>

<h1>Bond</h1>
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<hw>Bond</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bonded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bonding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place under the conditions of a bond; to mortgage; to secure the payment of the duties on (goods or merchandise) by giving a bond.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>To dispose in building, as the materials of a wall, so as to secure solidity.</def>

<h1>Bond</h1>
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<hw>Bond</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bond</ets>, <ets>bonde</ets>, peasant, serf, AS. <ets>bonda]C>, <ets>bunda</ets>, husband, bouseholder, from Icel. <ets>b<?/ndi</ets> husbandman, for <ets>b<?/andi</ets>, fr. <ets>b<?/a</ets> to dwell. See <er>Boor</er>, <er>Husband</er>.]</ety> <def>A xassal or serf; a slave.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Bond</h1>
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<hw>Bond</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>In a state of servitude or slavery; captive.</def>

<blockquote>By one Spirit are we all baptized .. whether we be Jews or Bentiles, whether we be <b>bond</b> or free.
<i>1 Cor. xii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bondage</h1>
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<hw>Bond"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>bondagium</ets>. See <er>Bond</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being bound; condition of being under restraint; restraint of personal liberty by compulsion; involuntary servitude; slavery; captivity.</def>

<blockquote>The King, when he designed you for my guard,
Resolved he would not make my <b>bondage</b> hard.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Obligation; tie of duty.</def>

<blockquote>He must resolve by no means to be . . . brought under the <b>bondage</b> of onserving oaths.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Villenage; tenure of land on condition of doing the meanest services for the owner.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Thralldom; bond service; imprisonment.</syn>

<h1>Bondager</h1>
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<hw>Bond"a*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A field worker, esp. a woman who works in the field.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Bondar</h1>
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<hw>Bon"dar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small quadruped of Bengal (<spn>Paradoxurus bondar</spn>), allied to the genet; -- called also <altname>musk cat</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bonded</h1>
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<hw>Bond"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Placed under, or covered by, a bond, as for the payment of duties, or for conformity to coertain regulations.</def>

<cs><col>Bonded goods</col>, <cd>goods placed in a bonded warehouse; goods, for the duties on which bonds are given at the customhouse.</cd> -- <col>Bonded warehouse</col>, <cd>a warehouse in which goods on which the duties are unpaid are stored under bond and in the joint custody of the importer, or his agent, and the customs officers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bonder</h1>
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<hw>Bond"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who places goods under bond or in a bonded warehouse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>A bonding stone or brick; a bondstone.</def>

<h1>Bonder</h1>
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<hw>Bond"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Norwegian <ets>bonde</ets>.]</ety> <def>A freeholder on a small scale.</def> <mark>[Norway]</mark>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Bondholder</h1>
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<hw>Bond"hold`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who holds the bonds of a public or private corporation for the payment of money at a certain time.</def>

<h1>Bondmaid</h1>
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<hw>Bond"maid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bond</ets>,<tt>a.</tt>or<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>maid</ets>.]</ety> <def>A female slave, or one bound to service without wages, as distinguished from a hired servant.</def>

<h1>Bondman</h1>
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<hw>Bond"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bondmen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[<ets>Bond</ets>,<tt>a.</tt>or<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>man</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A man slave, or one bound to service without wages.</def> "To enfranchise <i>bondmen</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A villain, or tenant in villenage.</def>

<h1>Bond servant</h1>
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<hw>Bond" serv`ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A slave; one who is bound to service without wages.</def>

<blockquote>If thy brother . . . be waxen poor, and be sold unto thee; thou shalt not compel him to serve as a <b>bond servant</b>: but as an hired servant.
<i>Lev. xxv. 39, 40.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bond service</h1>
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<hw>Bond" serv`ice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The condition of a bond servant; sevice without wages; slavery.</def>

<blockquote>Their children . . . upon those did Solomon levy a tribute of <b>bond service</b>.
<i>1 Kings ix. 21.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bondslave</h1>
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<hw>Bond"slave`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person in a state of slavery; one whose person and liberty are subjected to the authority of a master.</def>

<h1>Bondsman</h1>
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<hw>Bonds"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bondsmen</plw> .</plu> <ety>[<ets>Bond</ets>,<tt>a.</tt>or<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>man</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A slave; a villain; a serf; a bondman.</def>

<blockquote>Carnal, greedy people, without such a precept, would have no mercy upon their poor <b>bondsmen</b>.
<i>Derham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A surety; one who is bound, or who gives security, for another.</def>

<h1>Bondstone</h1>
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<hw>Bond"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bond</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>stone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>A stone running through a wall from one face to another, to bind it together; a binding stone.</def>

<h1>Bondswoman</h1>
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<hw>Bonds"wom`an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bondwoman</er>.</def>

<h1>Bonduc</h1>
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<hw>Bon"duc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bonduc</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>bunduq</ets> hazel nut, filbert nut.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Nicker tree</er>.</def>

<h1>Bondwoman</h1>
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<hw>Bond"wom`an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bondwomen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[<ets>Bond</ets>,<tt>a.</tt>or<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>woman</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woman who is a slave, or in bondage.</def>

<blockquote>He who was of the <b>bondwoman</b>.
<i>Gal. iv. 23.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bone</h1>
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<hw>Bone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bon</ets>, <ets>ban</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'ben</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bein</ets>, Sw. <ets>ben</ets>, Dan. & D. <ets>been</ets>, G. <ets>bein</ets> bone, leg; cf. Icel. <ets>beinn</ets> straight.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The hard, calcified tissue of the skeleton of vertebrate animals, consisting very largely of calcic carbonate, calcic phosphate, and gelatine; <as>as, blood and <ex>bone</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; Even in the hardest parts of bone there are many minute cavities containing living matter and connected by minute canals, some of which connect with larger canals through which blood vessels ramify.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the pieces or parts of an animal skeleton; <as>as, a rib or a thigh <ex>bone</ex>; a <ex>bone</ex> of the arm or leg</as>; also, any fragment of bony substance. (<pluf>pl.</pluf>) The frame or skeleton of the body.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything made of bone, as a bobbin for weaving bone lace.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Two or four pieces of bone held between the fingers and struck together to make a kind of music.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Dice.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Whalebone; hence, a piece of whalebone or of steel for a corset.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Fig.: The framework of anything.</def>

<cs><col>A bone of contention</col>, <cd>a subject of contention or dispute.</cd> -- <col>A bone to pick</col>, <cd>something to investigate, or to busy one's self about; a dispute to be settled (with some one).</cd> -- <col>Bone ash</col>, <cd>the residue from calcined bones; -- used for making cupels, and for cleaning jewelry.</cd> -- <col>Bone black</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the black, carbonaceous substance into which bones are converted by calcination in close vessels; -- called also <altname>animal charcoal</altname>. It is used as a decolorizing material in filtering sirups, extracts, etc., and as a black pigment. See <cref>Ivory black</cref>, under <er>Black</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bone cave</col>, <cd>a cave in which are found bones of extinct or recent animals, mingled sometimes with the works and bones of man. <i>Am. Cyc.</i></cd> -- <col>Bone dust</col>, <cd>ground or pulverized bones, used as a fertilizer.</cd> -- <col>Bone earth</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the earthy residuum after the calcination of bone, consisting chiefly of phosphate of calcium.</cd> -- <col>Bone lace</col>, <cd>a lace made of linen thread, so called because woven with bobbins of bone.</cd> -- <col>Bone oil</col>, <cd>an oil obtained by, heating bones (as in the manufacture of bone black), and remarkable for containing the nitrogenous bases, pyridine and quinoline, and their derivatives; -- also called <altname>Dippel's oil</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Bone setter</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Bonesetter</er>. See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Bone shark</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the basking shark.</cd> -- <col>Bone spavin</col>. <cd>See under <er>Spavin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bone turquoise</col>, <cd>fossil bone or tooth of a delicate blue color, sometimes used as an imitation of true turquoise.</cd> -- <col>Bone whale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a right whale.</cd> -- <col>To be upon the bones of</col>, <cd>to attack.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</<mark> -- <col>To make no bones</col>, <cd>to make no scruple; not to hesitate.</cd> <mark>[Low]</mark> -- <col>To pick a bone with</col>, <cd>to quarrel with, as dogs quarrel over a bone; to settle a disagreement.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Bone</h1>
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<hw>Bone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Boned</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Boning</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To withdraw bones from the flesh of, as in cookery.</def> "To <i>bone</i> a turkey."

<i>Soyer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put whalebone into; <as>as, to <ex>bone</ex> stays</as>.</def>

<i>Ash.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fertilize with bone.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To steal; to take possession of.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Bone</h1>
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<hw>Bone</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bornoyer</ets> to look at with one eye, to sight, fr. <ets>borgne</ets> one-eyed.]</ety> <def>To sight along an object or set of objects, to see if it or they be level or in line, as in carpentry, masonry, and surveying.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<blockquote>Joiners, etc., <b>bone</b> their work with two straight edges. W.
<i>M. Buchanan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boneache</h1>
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<hw>Bone"ache`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pain in the bones.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Boneblack</h1>
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<hw>Bone"black`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <cref>Bone black</cref>, under <er>Bone</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Boned</h1>
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<hw>Boned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having (such) bones; -- used in composition; <as>as, big-<ex>boned</ex>; strong-<ex>boned</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>No big-<b>boned</b> men framed of the Cyclops' size.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deprived of bones; <as>as, <ex>boned</ex> turkey or codfish</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Manured with bone; <as>as, <ex>boned</ex> land</as>.</def>

<h1>Bonedog</h1>
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<hw>Bone"dog`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The spiny dogfish.</def>

<h1>Bonefish</h1>
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<hw>Bone"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ladyfish</er>.</def>

<h1>Boneless</h1>
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<hw>Bone"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without bones.</def> "<i>Boneless</i> gums."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Boneset</h1>
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<hw>Bone"set`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A medicinal plant, the thoroughwort (<spn>Eupatorium perfoliatum</spn>). Its properties are diaphoretic and tonic.</def>

<h1>Bonesetter</h1>
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<hw>Bone"set*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who sets broken or dislocated bones; -- commonly applied to one, not a regular surgeon, who makes an occupation of setting bones.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bone"set*ting</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Boneshaw</h1>
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<hw>Bone"shaw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Sciatica.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bonetta</h1>
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<hw>Bo*net"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bonito</er>.</def>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Bonfire</h1>
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<hw>Bon"fire`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bonefire</ets>, <ets>banefire</ets>, orig. a fire of bones; <ets>bone + fire</ets>; but cf. also Prov. E. <ets>bun</ets> a dry stalk.]</ety> <def>A large fire built in the open air, as an expression of public joy and exultation, or for amusement.</def>

<blockquote>Full soon by <b>bonfire</b> and by bell,
We learnt our liege was passing well.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bongrace</h1>
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<hw>Bon"grace`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bon</ets> good + <ets>gr\'83ce</ets> grace, charm.]</ety> <def>A projecting bonnet or shade to protect the complexion; also, a wide-brimmed hat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<mhw><h1>Bonhomie, Bonhommie</h1>
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<hw>Bon`ho*mie"</hw>, <hw>Bon`hom*mie"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>good nature; pleasant and easy manner.</def>

<h1>Bonibell</h1>
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<hw>Bon"i*bell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bonnibel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Boniface</h1>
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<hw>Bon"i*face</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the sleek, jolly landlord in Farquhar's comedy of "The Beaux' Stratagem."]</ety> <def>An innkeeper.</def>

<h1>Boniform</h1>
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<hw>Bon"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bonus</ets> good + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sensitive or responsive to moral excellence.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Bonify</h1>
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<hw>Bon"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bonus</ets> good + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bonifier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To convert into, or make, good.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>bonify</b> evils, or tincture them with good.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boniness</h1>
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<hw>Bon"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or quality of being bony.</def>

<h1>Boning</h1>
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<hw>Bon"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Senses 1 and 2 fr. 1st <er>Bone</er>, sense 3 fr. 3d <er>Bone</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The clearing of bones from fish or meat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The manuring of land with bones.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A method of leveling a line or surface by sighting along the tops of two or more straight edges, or a range of properly spaced poles. See 3d <er>Bone</er>, <i>v. t.</i></def>

<h1>Bonitary</h1>
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<hw>Bon"i*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Beneficial, as opposed to statutory or civil; <as>as, <ex>bonitary</ex> dominion of land</as>.</def>

<h1>Bonito</h1>
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<hw>Bo*ni"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bonitoes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp. & Pg. <ets>bonito</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>bain\'c6t</ets> and <ets>bain\'c6th</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Often incorrectly written <asp>bonita</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> A large tropical fish (<spn>Orcynus pelamys</spn>) allied to the tunny.  It is about three feet long, blue above, with four brown stripes on the sides. It is sometimes found on the American coast.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The skipjack (<spn>Sarda Mediterranea</spn>) of the Atlantic, an important and abundant food fish on the coast of the United States, and <spn>(S. Chilensis)</spn> of the Pacific, and other related species. They are large and active fishes, of a blue color with black oblique stripes.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The medregal (<spn>Seriola fasciata</spn>), an edible fish of the southern of the United States and the West Indies.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The cobia or crab eater (<spn>Elacate canada</spn>), an edible fish of the Middle and Southern United States.</def>

<h1>Bonmot</h1>
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<hw>Bon"mot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bonsmots</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[ F. <ets>bon</ets> good + <ets>mot</ets> word.]</ety> <def>A witty repartee; a jest.</def>

<h1>Bonne</h1>
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<hw>Bonne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>(F., prop. good woman.) A female servant charged with the care of a young child.</def>

<h1>Bonne bouche</h1>
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<hw>Bonne" bouche"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bonnes bouches</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>bon</ets>, fem. <ets>bonne</ets>, good + <ets>bouche</ets> mouth.]</ety> <def>A delicious morsel or mouthful; a tidbit.</def>

<h1>Bonnet</h1>
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<hw>Bon"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bonet</ets>, OF. <ets>bonet</ets>, <ets>bonete</ets>. F. <ets>bonnet</ets> fr. LL. <ets>bonneta</ets>, <ets>bonetum</ets>; orig. the name of a stuff, and of unknown origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A headdress for men and boys; a cap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton. Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A soft, elastic, very durable cap, made of thick, seamless woolen stuff, and worn by men in Scotland.</def>

<blockquote>And p<?/i<?/s and <b>bonnets</b> waving high.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A covering for the head, worn by women, usually protecting more or less the back and sides of the head, but no part of the forehead. The shape of the bonnet varies greatly at different times; formerly the front part projected, and spread outward, like the mouth of a funnel.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything resembling a bonnet in shape or use</def>; as, <sd>(a)</sd> (<fld>Fort</fld>.) <def>A small defense work at a salient angle; or a part of a parapet elevated to screen the other part from enfilade fire.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A metallic canopy, or projection, over an opening, as a fireplace, or a cowl or hood to increase the draught of a chimney, etc.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A frame of wire netting over a locomotive chimney, to prevent escape of sparks.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A roofing over the cage of a mine, to protect its occupants from objects falling down the shaft.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>In pumps, a metal covering for the openings in the valve chambers.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An additional piece of canvas laced to the foot of a jib or foresail in moderate winds.</def>

<i>Hakluyt.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The second stomach of a ruminating animal.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>An accomplice of a gambler, auctioneer, etc., who entices others to bet or to bid; a decoy.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<cs><col>Bonnet head</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a shark (<spn>Sphyrna tiburio</spn>) of the southern United States and West Indies.</cd> -- <col>Bonnet limpet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a name given, from their shape, to various species of shells (family <spn>Calyptr\'91id\'91</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Bonnet monkey</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an East Indian monkey (<spn>Macacus sinicus</spn>), with a tuft of hair on its head; the munga.</cd> -- <col>Bonnet piece</col>, <cd>a gold coin of the time of James V. of Scotland, the king's head on which wears a bonnet. <i>Sir W. Scott</i>.</cd> -- <col>To have a bee in the bonnet</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bee</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black bonnet</col>. <cd>See under <er>Black</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blue bonnet</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bonnet</h1>
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<hw>Bon"net</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take off the bonnet or cap as a mark of respect; to uncover.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bonneted</h1>
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<hw>Bon"net*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wearing a bonnet.</def> "<i>Bonneted</i> and shawled."

<i>Howitt.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>Protected by a bonnet. See <er>Bonnet</er>, 4 <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Bonnetless</h1>
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<hw>Bon"net*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a bonnet.</def>

<h1>Bonnibel</h1>
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<hw>Bon"ni*bel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bonne et belle</ets>, good and beautiful. Cf. <er>Bellibone</er>.]</ety> <def>A handsome girl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bonnie</h1>
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<hw>Bon"nie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Scot</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Bonny</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Bonnilass</h1>
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<hw>Bon"ni*lass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bonny</ets> + <ets>lass</ets>.]</ety> <def>A "bonny lass"; a beautiful girl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bonnily</h1>
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<hw>Bon"ni*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Gayly; handsomely.</def>

<h1>Bonniness</h1>
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<hw>Bon"ni*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being bonny; gayety<?/ handsomeness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Bonny</h1>
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<hw>Bon"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <altsp>[Spelled <asp>bonnie</asp> by the Scotch.]</altsp> <ety>[OE. <ets>boni</ets>, prob. fr. F. <ets>bon</ets>, fem. <ets>bonne</ets>, good, fr. L. <ets>bonus</ets> good. See <er>Bounty</er>, and cf. <er>Bonus</er>, <er>Boon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Handsome; beautiful; pretty; attractively lively and graceful.</def>

<blockquote>Till <b>bonny</b> Susan sped across the plain.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Far from the <b>bonnie</b> banks of Ayr.
<i>Burns.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gay; merry; frolicsome; cheerful; blithe.</def>

<blockquote>Be you blithe and <b>bonny</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Report speaks you a <b>bonny</b> monk, that would hear the mati<?/chime ere he quitted his bowl.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bonny</h1>
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<hw>Bon"ny</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A round and compact bed of ore, or a distinct bed, not communicating with a vein.</def>

<h1>Bonnyclabber</h1>
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<hw>Bon"ny*clab`ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. <ets>bainne</ets>, <ets>baine</ets>, milk + <ets>clabar</ets> mud, mire.]</ety> <def>Coagulated sour milk; loppered milk; curdled milk; -- sometimes called simply <i>clabber</i>.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Bon Sil\'8ane</h1>
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<hw>Bon" Si`l\'8ane"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A very fragrant tea rose with petals of various shades of pink.</def>

<h1>Bonspiel</h1>
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<hw>Bon"spiel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot.; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>A cur<?/ing match between clubs.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Bontebok</h1>
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<hw>Bon"te*bok</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>bont</ets> a sort of skin or fur, prop. variegated + <ets>bok</ets> buck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pied antelope of South Africa (<spn>Alcelaphus pygarga</spn>). Its face and rump are white. Called also <altname>nunni</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bon ton</h1>
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<hw>Bon" ton"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., good tone, manner.]</ety> <def>The height of the fashion; fashionable society.</def>

<h1>Bonus</h1>
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<hw>Bo"nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bonuses</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>bonus</ets> good. Cf. <er>Bonny</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A premium given for a loan, or for a charter or other privilege granted to a company; as the bank paid a <i>bonus</i> for its charter.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An extra dividend to the shareholders of a joint stock company, out of accumulated profits.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Money paid in addition to a stated compensation.</def>

<h1>Bon vivant</h1>
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<hw>Bon" vi`vant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bons vivants</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>bon</ets> good + <ets>vivant</ets>, <tt>p. pr.</tt> of <ets>vivre</ets> to live.]</ety> <def>A good fellow; a jovial companion; a free liver.</def>

<h1>Bony</h1>
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<hw>Bon"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of bone, or of bones; full of bones; pertaining to bones.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having large or prominent bones.</def>

<cs><col>Bony fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the menhaden.</cd> -- <col>Bony pike</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the gar pike (<spn>Lepidosteus</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Bonze</h1>
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<hw>Bon"ze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>bonzo</ets>, fr. Japan b\'d3zu a Buddhist priest: cf. F. <ets>bonze</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Buddhist or Fohist priest, monk, or nun.</def>

<note>&hand; The name was given by the Portuguese to the priests of Japan, and has since been applied to the priests of China, Cochin China, and the neighboring countries.</note>

<h1>Booby</h1>
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<hw>Boo"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Boobies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Sp. <ets>bobe</ets> dunce, idiot; cf. L. <ets>balbus</ets> stammering, E. <ets>barbarous</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A dunce; a stupid fellow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A swimming bird (<spn>Sula fiber</spn> or <spn>S. sula</spn>) related to the common gannet, and found in the West Indies, nesting on the bare rocks. It is so called on account of its apparent stupidity. The name is also sometimes applied to other species of gannets; as, <spn>S. piscator</spn>, the red-footed booby.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A species of penguin of the antarctic seas.</def>


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<cs><col>Booby hatch</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of wooden hood over a hatch, readily removable.</cd><-- Colloq.  An insane asylum. --> -- <col>Booby hut</col>, <cd>a carriage body put upon sleigh runners. <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark> <i>Bartlett</i>.</cd> -- <col>Booby hutch</col>, <cd>a clumsy covered carriage or seat, used in the eastern part of England.</cd> <i>Forby</i>. -- <col>Booby trap</col>, <cd>a schoolboy's practical joke, as a shower bath when a door is opened.</cd></cs>

<h1>Booby</h1>
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<hw>Boo"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the characteristics of a booby; stupid.</def>

<h1>Boobyish</h1>
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<hw>Boo"by*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Stupid; dull.</def>

<h1>Boodh</h1>
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<hw>Boodh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Buddha</er>.</def>

<i>Malcom.</i>

<h1>Boodhism</h1>
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<hw>Boodh"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Buddhism</er>.</def>

<h1>Boodhist</h1>
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<hw>Boodh"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Buddhist</er>.</def>

<h1>Boodle</h1>
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<hw>Boo"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Origin uncertain.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The whole collection or lot; caboodle.</def> <mark>[Low, U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Money given in payment for votes or political influence; bribe money; swag.</def> <mark>[Polit. slang, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Boohoe</h1>
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<hw>Boo`hoe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Boohooed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Boohooing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[An imitative word.]</ety> <def>To bawl; to cry loudly.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Boohoo</h1>
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<hw>Boo"hoo`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sailfish; -- called also <altname>woohoo</altname>.</def>

<h1>Book</h1>
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<hw>Book</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>book</ets>, <ets>bok</ets>, AS. <ets>b<?/c</ets>; akin to Goth. <ets>b<?/ka</ets> a letter, in pl. book, writing, Icel. <ets>b<?/k</ets>, Sw. <ets>bok</ets>, Dan. <ets>bog</ets>, OS. <ets>b<?/k</ets>, D. <ets>boek</ets>, OHG. <ets>puoh</ets>, G. <ets>buch</ets>; and fr. AS. <ets>b<?/c</ets>, <ets>b<?/ce</ets>, beech; because the ancient Saxons and Germans in general wrote runes on pieces of beechen board. Cf. <er>Beech</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A collection of sheets of paper, or similar material, blank, written, or printed, bound together; commonly, many folded and bound sheets containing continuous printing or writing.</def>

<note>&hand; When blank, it is called a <i>blank book</i>. When printed, the term often distinguishes a bound volume, or a volume of some size, from a pamphlet.</note>

<note>&hand; It has been held that, under the copyright law, a <i>book</i> is not necessarily a volume made of many sheets bound together; it may be printed on a single sheet, as music or a diagram of patterns.</note>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A composition, written or printed; a treatise.</def>

<blockquote>A good <b>book</b> is the precious life blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A part or subdivision of a treatise or literary work; <as>as, the tenth <ex>book</ex> of "Paradise Lost</as>."</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A volume or collection of sheets in which accounts are kept; a register of debts and credits, receipts and expenditures, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Six tricks taken by one side, in the game of whist; in certain other games, two or more corresponding cards, forming a set.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Book</i> is used adjectively or as a part of many compounds; as, <i>book</i> buyer, <i>book</i>rack, <i>book</i> club, <i>book</i> lore, <i>book</i> sale, <i>book</i> trade, memorandum <i>book</i>, cash<i>book</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Book account</col>, <cd>an account or register of debt or credit in a book.</cd> -- <col>Book debt</col>, <cd>a debt for items charged to the debtor by the creditor in his book of accounts.</cd> -- <col>Book learning</col>, <cd>learning acquired from books, as distinguished from practical knowledge.</cd> "Neither does it so much require <i>book learning<i> and scholarship, as good natural sense, to distinguish true and false." <i>Burnet</i>. -- <col>Book louse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of minute, wingless insects injurious to books and papers. They belong to the <spn>Pseudoneuroptera</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Book moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the name of several species of moths, the larv\'91 of which eat books.</cd> -- <col>Book oath</col>, <cd>an oath made on <er>The Book</er>, or Bible.</cd> -- <col>The Book of Books</col>, <cd>the Bible.</cd> -- <col>Book post</col>, <cd>a system under which books, bulky manuscripts, etc., may be transmitted by mail.</cd> -- <col>Book scorpion</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the false scorpions (<spn>Chelifer cancroides</spn>) found among books and papers. It can run sidewise and backward, and feeds on small insects.</cd> -- <col>Book stall</col>, <cd>a stand or stall, often in the open air, for retailing books.</cd> -- <col>Canonical books</col>. <cd>See <er>Canonical</er>.</cd> -- <col>In one's books</col>, <cd>in one's favor.</cd>  "I was so much <i>in his books<i>, that at his decease he left me his lamp." <i>Addison</i>. -- <col>To bring to book</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To compel to give an account.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To compare with an admitted authority.</cd> "<i>To bring<i> it manifestly <i>to book<i> is impossible." <i>M. Arnold</i>. -- <mcol><col>To course by bell</col>, <col>book</col>, <col>and candle</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Bell</er>.</cd> -- <col>To make a book</col> <fld>(Horse Racing)</fld>, <cd>to lay bets (recorded in a pocket book) against the success of every horse, so that the bookmaker wins on all the unsuccessful horses and loses only on the winning horse or horses.</cd> <cd>-- <col>To speak by the book</col>, <cd>to speak with minute exactness.</cd> -- <col>Without book</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>By memory.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Without authority.</cd></cs>

<h1>Book</h1>
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<hw>Book</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Booked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Booking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To enter, write, or register in a book or list.</def>

<blockquote>Let it be <b>booked</b> with the rest of this day's deeds.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enter the name of (any one) in a book for the purpose of securing a passage, conveyance, or seat; <as>as, to be <ex>booked</ex> for Southampton; to <ex>book</ex> a seat in a theater.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To mark out for; to destine or assign for; <as>as, he is <ex>booked</ex> for the valedictory</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Here I am <b>booked</b> for three days more in Paris.
<i>Charles Reade.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bookbinder</h1>
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<hw>Book"bind`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose occupation is to bind books.</def>

<h1>Bookbindery</h1>
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<hw>Book"bind`er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bookbinder's shop; a place or establishment for binding books.</def>

<h1>Bookbinding</h1>
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<hw>Book"bind`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art, process, or business of binding books.</def>

<h1>Bookcase</h1>
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<hw>Book"case`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A case with shelves for holding books, esp. one with glazed doors.</def>

<h1>Bookcraft</h1>
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<hw>Book"craft`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Authorship; literary skill.</def>

<h1>Booked</h1>
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<hw>Booked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Registered.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>On the way; destined.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Booker</h1>
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<hw>Book"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who enters accounts or names, etc., in a book; a bookkeeper.</def>

<h1>Bookful</h1>
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<hw>Book"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>As much as will fill a book; a book full.</def> <i>Shak</i>. -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def> Filled with book learning.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>bookful</i> blockhead."</def2>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Bookholder</h1>
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<hw>Book"hold`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A prompter at a theater.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau & Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A support for a book, holding it open, while one reads or copies from it.</def>

<h1>Booking clerk</h1>
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<hw>Book"ing clerk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A clerk who registers passengers, baggage, etc., for conveyance, as by railway or steamship, or who sells passage tickets at a booking office.</def>

<h1>Booking office</h1>
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<hw>Book"ing of`fice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>An office where passengers, baggage, etc., are registered for conveyance, as by railway or steamship.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An office where passage tickets are sold.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Bookish</h1>
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<hw>Book"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Given to reading; fond of study; better acquainted with books than with men; learned from books.</def>  "A <i>bookish</i> man." <i>Addison</i>. "<i>Bookish</i> skill." <i>Bp. Hall</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by a method of expression generally found in books; formal; labored; pedantic; <as>as, a <ex>bookish</ex> way of talking; <ex>bookish</ex> sentences.</as></def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Book"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Book"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bookkeeper</h1>
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<hw>Book"keep`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who keeps accounts; one who has the charge of keeping the books and accounts in an office.</def>

<h1>Bookkeeping</h1>
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<hw>Book"keep`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of recording pecuniary or business transactions in a regular and systematic manner, so as to show their relation to each other, and the state of the business in which they occur; the art of keeping accounts. The books commonly used are a <i>daybook</i>, <i>cashbook</i>, <i>journal</i>, and <i>ledger</i>. See <er>Daybook</er>, <er>Cashbook</er>, <er>Journal</er>, and <er>Ledger</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Bookkeeping by single entry</col>, <cd>the method of keeping books by carrying the record of each transaction to the debit or credit of a single account.</cd> -- <col>Bookkeeping by double entry</col>, <cd>a mode of bookkeeping in which two entries of every transaction are carried to the ledger, one to the Dr., or left hand, side of one account, and the other to the Cr., or right hand, side of a corresponding account, in order tha<?/ the one entry may check the other; -- sometimes called, from the place of its origin, the <i>Italian method<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bookland, Bockland</h1>
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<hw><hw>Book"land`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bock"land`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>b<?/cland</ets>; <ets>b<?/c</ets> book + <ets>land</ets> land.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Charter land held by deed under certain rents and free services, which differed in nothing from free socage lands. This species of tenure has given rise to the modern freeholds.</def>

<h1>Book-learned</h1>
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<hw>Book"-learned`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Versed in books; having knowledge derived from books.</def> <mark>[Often in a disparaging sense.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whate'er these <b>book-learned</b> blockheads say,
Solon's the veriest fool in all the play.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bookless</h1>
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<hw>Book"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without books; unlearned.</def>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<h1>Booklet</h1>
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<hw>Book"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little book.</def>

<i>T. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Bookmaker</h1>
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<hw>Book"mak`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who writes and publishes books; especially, one who gathers his materials from other books; a compiler.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Horse Racing)</fld> <def>A betting man who "makes a book."  See <cref>To make a book</cref>, under <er>Book</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Bookman</h1>
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<hw>Book"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bookmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A studious man; a scholar.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bookmark</h1>
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<hw>Book"mark`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something placed in a book to guide in finding a particular page or passage; also, a label in a book to designate the owner; a bookplate.</def>

<h1>Bookmate</h1>
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<hw>Book"mate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Book</ets> + <ets>mate</ets>.]</ety> <def>A schoolfellow; an associate in study.</def>

<h1>Bookmonger</h1>
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<hw>Book"mon`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dealer in books.</def>

<h1>Book muslin</h1>
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<hw>Book" mus`lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of muslin used for the covers of books.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of thin white muslin for ladies' dresses.</def>

<h1>Bookplate</h1>
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<hw>Book"plate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A label, placed upon or in a book, showing its ownership or its position in a library.</def>

<h1>Bookseller</h1>
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<hw>Book"sell`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who sells books.</def>

<h1>Bookselling</h1>
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<hw>Book"sell`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The employment of selling books.</def>

<h1>Bookshelf</h1>
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<hw>Book"shelf`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bookshelves</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A shelf to hold books.</def>

<h1>Bookshop</h1>
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<hw>Book"shop`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bookseller's shop.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Bookstall</h1>
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<hw>Book"stall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stall or stand where books are sold.</def>

<h1>Bookstand</h1>
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<hw>Book"stand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place or stand for the sale of books in the streets; a bookstall.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stand to hold books for reading or reference.</def>

<h1>Bookstore</h1>
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<hw>Book"store`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A store where books are kept for sale; -- called in England a bookseller's shop.</def>

<h1>Bookwork</h1>
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<hw>Book"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Work done upon a book or books (as in a printing office), in distinction from newspaper or job work.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Study; application to books.</def>

<h1>Bookworm</h1>
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<hw>Book"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any larva of a beetle or moth, which is injurious to books. Many species are known.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A student closely attached to books or addicted to study; a reader without appreciation.</def>

<blockquote>I wanted but a black gown and a salary to be as mere a <b>bookworm</b> as any there.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Booky</h1>
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<hw>Book"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bookish.</def>

<h1>Booly</h1>
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<hw>Boo"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Boolies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Ir. <ets>buachail</ets> cowherd; <ets>bo</ets> cow + <ets>giolla</ets> boy.]</ety> <def>A company of Irish herdsmen, or a single herdsman, wandering from place to place with flocks and herds, and living on their milk, like the Tartars; also, a place in the mountain pastures inclosed for the shelter of cattle or their keepers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>boley</asp>, <asp>bolye</asp>, <asp>bouillie</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Boom</h1>
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<hw>Boom</hw> <tt>(b&oomac;m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>boom</ets> tree, pole, beam, bar. See <er>Beam</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A long pole or spar, run out for the purpose of extending the bottom of a particular sail; <as>as, the jib <ex>boom</ex>, the studding-sail <ex>boom</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A long spar or beam, projecting from the mast of a derrick, from the outer end of which the body to be lifted is suspended.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pole with a conspicuous top, set up to mark the channel in a river or harbor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil. & Naval)</fld> <def>A strong chain cable, or line of spars bound together, extended across a river or the mouth of a harbor, to obstruct navigation or passage.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Lumbering)</fld> <def>A line of connected floating timbers stretched across a river, or inclosing an area of water, to keep saw logs, etc., from floating away.</def>

<cs><col>Boom iron</col>, <cd>one of the iron rings on the yards through which the studding-sail booms traverse.</cd> -- <col>The booms</col>, <cd>that space on the upper deck of a ship between the foremast and mainmast, where the boats, spare spars, etc., are stowed.</cd></cs>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Boom</h1>
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<hw>Boom</hw> <tt>(b&oomac;m)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To extend, or push, with a boom or pole; <as>as, to <ex>boom</ex> out a sail; to <ex>boom</ex> off a boat.</as></def>

<h1>Boom</h1>
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<hw>Boom</hw> <tt>(b&oomac;m)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Boomed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Booming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of imitative origin; cf. OE. <ets>bommen</ets> to hum, D. <ets>bommen</ets> to drum, sound as an empty barrel, also W. <ets>bwmp</ets> a hollow sound; <ets>aderyn y bwmp</ets>, the bird of the hollow sound, i. e., the bittern. Cf. <er>Bum</er>, <er>Bump</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, <er>Bomb</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cry with a hollow note; to make a hollow sound, as the bittern, and some insects.</def>

<blockquote>At eve the beetle <b>boometh</b>
Athwart the thicket lone.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a hollow sound, as of waves or cannon.</def>

<blockquote>Alarm guns <b>booming</b> through the night air.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To rush with violence and noise, as a ship under a press of sail, before a free wind.</def>

<blockquote>She comes <b>booming</b> down before it.
<i>Totten.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To have a rapid growth in market value or in popular favor; to go on rushingly.</def>

<h1>Boom</h1>
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<hw>Boom</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hollow roar, as of waves or cannon; also, the hollow cry of the bittern; a booming.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A strong and extensive advance, with more or less noisy excitement; -- applied colloquially or humorously to market prices, the demand for stocks or commodities and to political chances of aspirants to office; <as>as, a <ex>boom</ex> in the stock market; a <ex>boom</ex> in coffee.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Boom</h1>
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<hw>Boom</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to advance rapidly in price; <as>as, to boom railroad or mining shares; to create a "boom" for; as to <ex>boom</ex> Mr. C. for senator.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Boomdas</h1>
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<hw>Boom"das</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>boom</ets> tree + <ets>das</ets> badger.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small African hyracoid mammal (<spn>Dendrohyrax arboreus</spn>) resembling the daman.</def>

<h1>Boomer</h1>
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<hw>Boom"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, booms.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A North American rodent, so named because it is said to make a booming noise. See <er>Sewellel</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large male kangaroo.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who works up a "boom".</def> <mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Boomerang</h1>
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<hw>Boom"er*ang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A very singular missile weapon used by the natives of Australia and in some parts of India. It is usually a curved stick of hard wood, from twenty to thirty inches in length, from two to three inches wide, and half or three quarters of an inch thick. When thrown from the hand with a quick rotary motion, it describes very remarkable curves, according to the shape of the instrument and the manner of throwing it, often moving nearly horizontally a long distance, then curving upward to a considerable height, and finally taking a retrograde direction, so as to fall near the place from which it was thrown, or even far in the rear of it.</def>

<h1>Booming</h1>
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<hw>Boom"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rushing with violence; swelling with a hollow sound; making a hollow sound or note; roaring; resounding.</def>

<blockquote>O'er the sea-beat ships the <b>booming</b> waters roar.
<i>Falcone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Advancing or increasing amid noisy excitement; <as>as, <ex>booming</ex> prices; <ex>booming</ex> popularity.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Booming</h1>
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<hw>Boom"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of producing a hollow or roaring sound; a violent rushing with heavy roar; <as>as, the <ex>booming</ex> of the sea</as>; a deep, hollow sound; <as>as, the <ex>booming</ex> of bitterns</as>.</def>

<i>Howitt.</i>

<h1>Boomkin</h1>
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<hw>Boom"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Bumkin</er>.</def>

<h1>Boomorah</h1>
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<hw>Boo"mo*rah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small West African chevrotain (<spn>Hy\'91moschus aquaticus</spn>), resembling the musk deer.</def>

<h1>Boomslange</h1>
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<hw>Boom"slang*e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>boom</ets> tree + <ets>slang</ets> snake.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large South African tree snake (<spn>Bucephalus Capensis</spn>). Although considered venomous by natives, it has no poison fangs.</def>

<h1>Boon</h1>
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<hw>Boon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bone</ets>, <ets>boin</ets>, a petition, fr. Icel. <ets>b<?/n</ets>; akin to Sw. & Dan. <ets>b<?/n</ets>, AS. <ets>b<?/n</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>ban</ets>; but influenced by F. <ets>bon</ets> good, fr. L. <ets>bonus</ets>. <?/86. See 2d <er>Ban</er>, <er>Bounty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A prayer or petition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For which to God he made so many an idle <b>boon</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is asked or granted as a benefit or favor; a gift; a benefaction; a grant; a present.</def>

<blockquote>Every good gift and every perfect <b>boon</b> is from above.
<i>James i. 17 (Rev. Ver. ).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boon</h1>
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<hw>Boon</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bon</ets>. See <er>Boon</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Good; prosperous; <as>as, <ex>boon</ex> voyage</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Kind; bountiful; benign.</def>

<blockquote>Which . . . Nature <b>boon</b>
Poured forth profuse on hill, and dale, and plain.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Gay; merry; jovial; convivial.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>boon</b> companion, loving his bottle.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boon</h1>
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<hw>Boon</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>boon</ets>, <ets>bune</ets>, <ets>been</ets>, Gael. & Ir. <ets>bunach</ets> coarse tow, fr. <ets>bun</ets> root, stubble.]</ety> <def>The woody portion flax, which is separated from the fiber as refuse matter by retting, braking, and scutching.</def>

<h1>Boor</h1>
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<hw>Boor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>boer</ets> farmer, boor; akin to AS. <ets>geb<?/r</ets> countryman, G. <ets>bauer</ets>; fr. the root of AS. <ets>b<?/an</ets> to inhabit, and akin to E. <ets>bower</ets>, <ets>be</ets>. Cf. <er>Neighbor</er>, <er>Boer</er>, and <er>Big</er> to build.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A husbandman; a peasant; a rustic; esp. a clownish or unrefined countryman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Dutch, German, or Russian peasant; esp. a Dutch colonist in South Africa, Guiana, etc.: a boer.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A rude ill-bred person; one who is clownish in manners.</def>

<h1>Boorish</h1>
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<hw>Boor"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a boor; clownish; uncultured; unmannerly.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Boor"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Boor"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Which is in truth a gross and <b>boorish</b> opinion.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boort</h1>
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<hw>Boort</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bort</er>.</def>

<h1>Boose</h1>
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<hw>Boose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>b\'d3s</ets>, <ets>b\'d3sig</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>b\'bess</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'86s</ets>, Dan. <ets>baas</ets>, stall, G. <ets>banse</ets>, Goth. <ets>bansts</ets> barn, Skr. <ets>bh\'besas</ets> stall. \'fb252.]</ety> <def>A stall or a crib for an ox, cow, or other animal.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Boose</h1>
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<hw>Boose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To drink excessively. See <er>Booze</er>.</def>

<h1>Booser</h1>
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<hw>Boos"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A toper; a guzzler. See <er>Boozer</er>.</def>

<h1>Boost</h1>
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<hw>Boost</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Boosted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Boosting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Boast</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>To lift or push from behind (one who is endeavoring to climb); to push up; hence, to assist in overcoming obstacles, or in making advancement.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="167">
Page 167<p>

<h1>Boost</h1>
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<hw>Boost</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A push from behind, as to one who is endeavoring to climb; help.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Boot</h1>
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<hw>Boot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bot</ets>, <ets>bote</ets>, adbantage, amends, cure, AS. <ets>b<?/t</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>b<?/t</ets>, Sw. <ets>bot</ets>, Dan. <ets>bod</ets>, Goth. <ets>b<?/ta</ets>, D. <ets>boete</ets>, G. <ets>busse</ets>; prop., a making good or better, from the root of E. <ets>better</ets>, adj. <?/255.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Remedy; relief; amends; reparation; hence, one who brings relief.</def>

<blockquote>He gaf the sike man his <b>boote</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou art <b>boot</b> for many a bruise
And healest many a wound.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Next her Son, our soul's best <b>boot</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is given to make an exchange equal, or to make up for the deficiency of value in one of the things exchanged.</def>

<blockquote>I'll give you <b>boot</b>, I'll give you three for one.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Profit; gain; advantage; use.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Then talk no more of flight, it is no <b>boot</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To boot</col>, <cd>in addition; over and above; besides; as a compensation for the difference of value between things bartered.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Helen, to change, would give an eye to <b>boot</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A man's heaviness is refreshed long before he comes to drunkenness, for when he arrives thither he hath but changed his heaviness, and taken a crime to <b>boot</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boot</h1>
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<hw>Boot</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Booted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Booting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To profit; to advantage; to avail; -- generally followed by <i>it</i>; as, what <i>boots</i> it?</def>

<blockquote>What <b>booteth</b> it to others that we wish them well, and do nothing for them?
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What subdued
To change like this a mind so far imbued
With scorn of man, it little <b>boots</b> to know.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What <b>boots</b> to us your victories?
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enrich; to benefit; to give in addition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And I will <b>boot</b> thee with what gift beside
Thy modesty can beg.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boot</h1>
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<hw>Boot</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bote</ets>, OF. <ets>bote</ets>, F. <ets>botte</ets>, LL. <ets>botta</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A covering for the foot and lower part of the leg, ordinarily made of leather.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument of torture for the leg, formerly used to extort confessions, particularly in Scotland.</def>

<blockquote>So he was put to the torture, which in Scotland they call the <b>boots</b>; for they put a pair of iron <b>boots</b> close on the leg, and drive wedges between them and the leg.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A place at the side of a coach, where attendants rode; also, a low outside place before and behind the body of the coach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A place for baggage at either end of an old-fashioned stagecoach.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An apron or cover (of leather or rubber cloth) for the driving seat of a vehicle, to protect from rain and mud.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Plumbing)</fld> <def>The metal casing and flange fitted about a pipe where it passes through a roof.</def>

<cs><col>Boot catcher</col>, <cd>the person at an inn whose business it was to pull off boots and clean them. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Swift</i>.</cd> -- <col>Boot closer</col>, <cd>one who, or that which, sews the uppers of boots.</cd> -- <col>Boot crimp</col>, <cd>a frame or device used by bootmakers for drawing and shaping the body of a boot.</cd> -- <col>Boot hook</col>, <cd>a hook with a handle, used for pulling on boots.</cd> -- <col>Boots and saddles</col> <fld>(Cavalry Tactics)</fld>, <cd>the trumpet call which is the first signal for mounted drill.</cd> -- <col>Sly boots</col>. <cd>See <er>Slyboots</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Boot</h1>
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<hw>Boot</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Booted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Booting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put boots on, esp. for riding.</def>

<blockquote>Coated and <b>booted</b> for it.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To punish by kicking with a booted foot.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<-- boot out. (obj=a person) (Colloq.) Eject; throw out. -->

<h1>Boot</h1>
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<hw>Boot</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To boot one's self; to put on one's boots.</def>

<h1>Boot</h1>
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<hw>Boot</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Booty; spoil.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bootblack</h1>
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<hw>Boot"black`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who blacks boots.</def>

<h1>Booted</h1>
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<hw>Boot"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wearing boots, especially boots with long tops, as for riding; <as>as, a <ex>booted</ex> squire</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having an undivided, horny, bootlike covering; -- said of the tarsus of some birds.</def>

<h1>Bootee</h1>
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<hw>Boot*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A half boot or short boot.</def>

<h1>Bo\'94tes</h1>
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<hw>Bo*\'94"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Bootes</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> herdsman, fr. <ets><?/</ets>, gen. <ets><?/</ets>, ox, cow.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A northern constellation, containing the bright star Arcturus.</def>

<h1>Booth</h1>
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<hw>Booth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bothe</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>b<?/</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>bod</ets>, MHG. <ets>buode</ets>, G. <ets>bude</ets>, <ets>baude</ets>; from the same root as AS. <ets>b<?/an</ets> to dwell, E. <ets>boor</ets>, <ets>bower</ets>, <ets>be</ets>; cf. Bohem. <ets>bauda</ets>, Pol. <ets>buda</ets>, Russ. <ets>budka</ets>, Lith. buda, W. <ets>bwth</ets>, pl. <ets>bythod</ets>, Gael. <ets>buth</ets>, Ir. <ets>both</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A house or shed built of boards, boughs, or other slight materials, for temporary occupation.</def>

<i>Camden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A covered stall or temporary structure in a fair or market, or at a polling place.</def>

<h1>Boothale</h1>
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<hw>Boot"hale`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Boot</ets>, for <ets>booty</ets> + <ets>hale</ets>.]</ety> <def>To forage for booty; to plunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Boothose</h1>
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<hw>Boot"hose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Stocking hose, or spatterdashes, in lieu of boots.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hose made to be worn with boots, as by travelers on horseback.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Boothy</h1>
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<hw>Booth"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bothy</er>.</def>

<h1>Bootikin</h1>
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<hw>Boot"i*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Boot</ets> + <ets>-kin</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little boot, legging, or gaiter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A covering for the foot or hand, worn as a cure for the gout.</def>

<i>H. Walpole.</i>

<h1>Booting</h1>
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<hw>Boot"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Advantage; gain; gain by plunder; booty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir. J. Harrington.</i>

<h1>Booting</h1>
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<hw>Boot"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of torture. See <er>Boot</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>A kicking, as with a booted foot.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Bootjack</h1>
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<hw>Boot"jack`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A device for pulling off boots.</def>

<h1>Bootless</h1>
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<hw>Boot"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Boot</er> profit.]</ety> <def>Unavailing; unprofitable; useless; without advantage or success.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>I'll follow him no more with <b>bootless</b> prayers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Boot"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- </wf>Boot"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bootlick</h1>
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<hw>Boot"lick`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A toady.</def> <mark>[Low, U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Bootmaker</h1>
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<hw>Boot"mak`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes boots.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Boot"mak`ing</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Boots</h1>
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<hw>Boots</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A servant at a hotel or elsewhere, who cleans and blacks the boots and shoes.</def>

<h1>Boottopping</h1>
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<hw>Boot"top`ping</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The act or process of daubing a vessel's bottom near the surface of the water with a mixture of tallow, sulphur, and resin, as a temporary protection against worms, after the slime, shells, etc., have been scraped off.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Sheathing a vessel with planking over felt.</def>

<h1>Boottree</h1>
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<hw>Boot"tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Boot</ets> + <ets>tree</ets> wood, timber.]</ety> <def>An instrument to stretch and widen the leg of a boot, consisting of two pieces, together shaped like a leg, between which, when put into the boot, a wedge is driven.</def>

<blockquote>The pretty boots trimly stretched on <b>boottrees</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Booty</h1>
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<hw>Boo"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>b<?/ti</ets> exchange, barter, Sw. <ets>byte</ets> barter, booty, Dan. <ets>bytte</ets>; akin to D. <ets>buit</ets> booty, G. <ets>beute</ets>, and fr. Icel. <ets>byta</ets>, Sw. <ets>byta</ets>, Dan. <ets>bytte</ets>, to distribute, exchange. The Scandinavian word was influenced in English by <ets>boot</ets> profit.]</ety> <def>That which is seized by violence or obtained by robbery, especially collective spoil taken in war; plunder; pillage.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>To play booty</col>, <cd>to play dishonestly, with an intent to lose; to allow one's adversary to win at cards at first, in order to induce him to continue playing and victimize him afterwards. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Booze</h1>
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<hw>Booze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Boozed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Boozing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D. <ets>buizen</ets>; akin to G. <ets>bausen</ets>, and perh. fr. D. <ets>buis</ets> tube, channel, <ets>bus</ets> box, jar.]</ety> <def>To drink greedily or immoderately, esp. alcoholic liquor; to tipple.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bouse</asp>, and <asp>boose</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Landor.</i>

<blockquote>This is better than <b>boozing</b> in public houses.
<i>H. R. Haweis.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Booze</h1>
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<hw>Booze</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A carouse; a drinking.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Boozer</h1>
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<hw>Booz"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who boozes; a toper; a guzzler of alcoholic liquors; a bouser.</def>

<h1>Boozy</h1>
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<hw>Booz"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>A little intoxicated; fuddled; stupid with liquor; bousy.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Bopeep</h1>
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<hw>Bo*peep"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bo</ets> + <ets>peep</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of looking out suddenly, as from behind a screen, so as to startle some one (as by children in play), or of looking out and drawing suddenly back, as if frightened.</def>

<blockquote>I for sorrow sung,
That such a king should play <b>bopeep</b>,
And go the fools among.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Borable</h1>
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<hw>Bor"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being bored.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Borachte</h1>
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<hw>Bo*rach"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>borracha</ets> a leather bottle for wine, <ets>borracho</ets> drunk, fr. <ets>borra</ets> a lamb.]</ety> <def>A large leather bottle for liquors, etc., made of the skin of a goat or other animal. Hence: A drunkard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>You're an absolute <b>borachio</b>.
<i>Congreve.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boracic</h1>
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<hw>Bo*rac"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>boracique</ets>. See <er>Borax</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or produced from, borax; containing boron; boric; <as>as, <ex>boracic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Boracite</h1>
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<hw>Bo"ra*cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a white or gray color occurring massive and in isometric crystals; in composition it is a magnesium borate with magnesium chloride.</def>

<h1>Boracous</h1>
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<hw>Bo"ra*cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or obtained from, borax; containing borax.</def>

<h1>Borage</h1>
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<hw>Bor"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>borage</ets> (cf. F. <ets>bourrache</ets>, It. <ets>borraggine</ets>, <ets>borrace</ets>, LL. <ets>borago</ets>, <ets>borrago</ets>, LGr. <ets><?/</ets>), fr. LL. <ets>borra</ets>, F. <ets>bourre</ets>, hair of beasts, flock; so called from its hairy leaves.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A mucilaginous plant of the genus Borago (B. officinalis), which is used, esp. in France, as a demulcent and diaphoretic.</def>

<h1>Boragewort</h1>
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<hw>Bor"age*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Plant of the Borage family.</def>

<h1>Boraginaceous</h1>
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<hw>Bo*rag`i*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a family of plants (<spn>Boraginace\'91</spn>) which includes the borage, heliotrope, beggar's lice, and many pestiferous plants.</def>

<h1>Boragineous</h1>
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<hw>Bor`a*gin"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Relating to the Borage tribe; boraginaceous.</def>

<h1>Boramez</h1>
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<hw>Bor"a*mez</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Barometz</er>.</def>

<h1>Borate</h1>
<Xpage=167>

<hw>Bo"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Boric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt formed by the combination of boric acid with a base or positive radical.</def>

<h1>Borax</h1>
<Xpage=167>

<hw>Bo"rax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>boras</ets>, fr. F. <ets>borax</ets>, earlier spelt <ets>borras</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>borax</ets>, Sp. <ets>borraj</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>b<?/rag</ets>, fr. Pers. <ets>b<?/rah</ets>.]</ety> <def>A white or gray crystalline salt, with a slight alkaline taste, used as a flux, in soldering metals, making enamels, fixing colors on porcelain, and as a soap. It occurs native in certain mineral springs, and is made from the boric acid of hot springs in Tuscany. It was originally obtained from a lake in Thibet, and was sent to Europe under the name of <i>tincal</i>. Borax is a pyroborate or tetraborate of sodium, Na2B4O7.10H2O.</def>

<cs><col>Borax bead</col>. <cd><fld>(Chem.)</fld> See <er>Bead</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd></cs>

<h1>Borborygm</h1>
<Xpage=167>

<hw>Bor"bo*rygm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>borborygme</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to rumble in the bowels.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A rumbling or gurgling noise produced by wind in the bowels.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Bord</h1>
<Xpage=167>

<hw>Bord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Board</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A board; a table.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The face of coal parallel to the natural fissures.</def>

<h1>Bord</h1>
<Xpage=167>

<hw>Bord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bourd</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bordage</h1>
<Xpage=167>

<hw>Bord"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>bordagium</ets>.]</ety> <def>The base or servile tenure by which a bordar held his cottage.</def>

<h1>Bordar</h1>
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<hw>Bord"ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>bordarius</ets>, fr. <ets>borda</ets> a cottage; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>A villein who rendered menial service for his cottage; a cottier.</def>

<blockquote>The cottar, the <b>bordar</b>, and the laborer were bound to aid in the work of the home farm.
<i>J. R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bordeaux</h1>
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<hw>Bor*deaux"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Bordeaux in the south of France.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A claret wine from Bordeaux.</def></def2>

<h1>Bordel, Bordello</h1>
<Xpage=167>

<hw><hw>Bor"del</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bor*del"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bordel</ets>, orig. a little hut, OF. <ets>borde</ets> hut, cabin, of German origin, and akin to E. <ets>board</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>See. <er>Board</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A brothel; a bawdyhouse; a house devoted to prostitution.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Bordelais</h1>
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<hw>Bor`de*lais"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Bordeaux, in France, or to the district around Bordeaux.</def>

<h1>Bordeller</h1>
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<hw>Bor"del*ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A keeper or a frequenter of a brothel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Border</h1>
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<hw>Bor"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bordure</ets>, F. <ets>bordure</ets>, fr. <ets>border</ets> to border, fr. <ets>bord</ets> a border; of German origin; cf. MHG. borte border, trimming, G. <ets>borte</ets> trimming, ribbon; akin to E. <ets>board</ets> in sense 8. See <er>Board</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Bordure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The outer part or edge of anything, as of a garment, a garden, etc.; margin; verge; brink.</def>

<blockquote>Upon the <b>borders</b> of these solitudes.
<i>Bentham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In the <b>borders</b> of death.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A boundary; a frontier of a state or of the settled part of a country; a frontier district.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A strip or stripe arranged along or near the edge of something, as an ornament or finish.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A narrow flower bed.</def>

<cs><col>Border land</col>, <cd>land on the frontiers of two adjoining countries; debatable land; -- often used figuratively; as, the <i>border land<i> of science.</cd> -- <mcol><col>The Border</col>, <col>The Borders</col></mcol>, <cd>specifically, the frontier districts of Scotland and England which lie adjacent.</cd> -- <col>Over the border</col>, <cd>across the boundary line or frontier.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Edge; verge; brink; margin; brim; rim; boundary; confine.</syn>

<h1>Border</h1>
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<hw>Bor"der</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bordered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bordering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To touch at the edge or boundary; to be contiguous or adjacent; -- with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i> as, Connecticut <i>borders</i> on Massachusetts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To approach; to come near to; to verge.</def>

<blockquote>Wit which <b>borders</b> upon profaneness deserves to be branded as folly.
<i>Abp. Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Border</h1>
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<hw>Bor"der</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a border for; to furnish with a border, as for ornament; <as>as, to <ex>border</ex> a garment or a garden</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be, or to have, contiguous to; to touch, or be touched, as by a border; to be, or to have, near the limits or boundary; <as>as, the region <ex>borders</ex> a forest, or is <ex>bordered</ex> on the north by a forest</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The country is <b>bordered</b> by a broad tract called the "hot region."
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Shebah and Raamah . . . <b>border</b> the sea called the Persian gulf.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To confine within bounds; to limit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That nature, which contemns its origin,
Can not be <b>bordered</b> certain in itself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Borderer</h1>
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<hw>Bor"der*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dwells on a border, or at the extreme part or confines of a country, region, or tract of land; one who dwells near to a place or region.</def>

<blockquote><b>Borderers</b> of the Caspian.
<i>Dyer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bordland</h1>
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<hw>Bord"land`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bordar</ets> (or perh. <ets>bord</ets> a board) + <ets>land</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Either land held by a bordar, or the land which a lord kept for the maintenance of his board, or table.</def>

<i>Spelman.</i>

<h1>Bordlode</h1>
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<hw>Bord"lode`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bordar</ets> (or perh. <ets>bord</ets> a board) + <ets>lode</ets> leading.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The service formerly required of a tenant, to carry timber from the woods to the lord's house.</def>

<i>Bailey. Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Bordman</h1>
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<hw>Bord"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bordar</ets> (or perh. <ets>bord</ets> a board) + <ets>man</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bordar; a tenant in bordage.</def>

<h1>Bordrag, Bordraging</h1>
<Xpage=167>

<hw><hw>Bord"rag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bord"ra`ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. from OE. <ets>bord</ets>, for <ets>border + raging</ets>. Cf. <er>Bodrage</er>.]</ety> <def>An incursion upon the borders of a country; a raid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bord service</h1>
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<hw>Bord" serv`ice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[<ets>Bordar</ets> (or perh. <ets>bord</ets> a board) + <ets>service</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Service due from a bordar; bordage.</def>

<h1>Bordure</h1>
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<hw>Bor"dure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bordure</ets>. See <er>Border</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A border one fifth the width of the shield, surrounding the field. It is usually plain, but may be charged.</def>

<h1>Bore</h1>
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<hw>Bore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bored</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Boring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>borien</ets>, AS. <ets>borian</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bora</ets>, Dan. <ets>bore</ets>, D. <ets>boren</ets>, OHG. <ets>por<?/n</ets>, G. <ets>bohren</ets>, L. <ets>forare</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to plow, Zend <ets>bar</ets>. &root;91.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To perforate or penetrate, as a solid body, by turning an auger, gimlet, drill, or other instrument; to make a round hole in or through; to pierce; <as>as, to <ex>bore</ex> a plank</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I'll believe as soon this whole earth may be <b>bored</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form or enlarge by means of a boring instrument or apparatus; <as>as, to <ex>bore</ex> a steam cylinder or a gun barrel; to <ex>bore</ex> a hole.</as></def>

<blockquote>Short but very powerful jaws, by means whereof the insect can <b>bore</b>, as with a centerbit, a cylindrical passage through the most solid wood.
<i>T. W. Harris.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make (a passage) by laborious effort, as in boring; <as>as, to <ex>bore</ex> one's way through a crowd</as>; to force a narrow and difficult passage through.</def> "What bustling crowds I <i>bored</i>."

<i>Gay.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To weary by tedious iteration or by dullness; to tire; to trouble; to vex; to annoy; to pester.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>bores</b> me with some trick.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Used to come and <b>bore</b> me at rare intervals.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To befool; to trick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I am abused, betrayed; I am laughed at, scorned,
Baffled and <b>bored</b>, it seems.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bore</h1>
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<hw>Bore</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a hole or perforation with, or as with, a boring instrument; to cut a circular hole by the rotary motion of a tool; <as>as, to <ex>bore</ex> for water or oil (<ex>i</ex></as>. <i>e</i>., to sink a well by boring for water or oil); to <i>bore</i> with a gimlet; to <i>bore</i> into a tree (as insects).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be pierced or penetrated by an instrument that cuts as it turns; <as>as, this timber does not <ex>bore</ex> well, or is hard to <ex>bore</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To push forward in a certain direction with laborious effort.</def>

<blockquote>They take their flight . . . <b>boring</b> to the west.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="168">
Page 168<p>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Ma<?/<?/)</fld> <def>To shoot out the nose or toss it in the air; <?/ said of a horse.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Bore</h1>
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<hw>Bore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hole made by boring; a perforation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The internal cylindrical cavity of a gun, cannon, pistol, or other firearm, or of a pipe or tube.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>bores</b> of wind instruments.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Love's counselor should fill the <b>bores</b> of hearing.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The size of a hole; the interior diameter of a tube or gun barrel; the caliber.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A tool for making a hole by boring, as an auger.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Caliber; importance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Yet are they much too light for the <b>bore</b> of the matter.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A person or thing that wearies by prolixity or dullness; a tiresome person or affair; any person or thing which causes ennui.</def>

<blockquote>It is as great a <b>bore</b> as to hear a poet read his own verses.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bore</h1>
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<hw>Bore</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>b\'bera</ets> wave: cf. G. <ets>empor</ets> upwards, OHG. <ets>bor</ets> height, <ets>burren</ets> to lift, perh. allied to AS. <ets>beran</ets>, E. 1st <er>bear</er>. &root;92.]</ety> <fld>(Physical Geog.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tidal flood which regularly or occasionally rushes into certain rivers of peculiar configuration or location, in one or more waves which present a very abrupt front of considerable height, dangerous to shipping, as at the mouth of the Amazon, in South America, the Hoogly and Indus, in India, and the Tsien-tang, in China.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Less properly, a very high and rapid tidal flow, when not so abrupt, such as occurs at the Bay of Fundy and in the British Channel.</def>

<h1>Bore</h1>
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<hw>Bore</hw>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of 1st & 2d <er>Bear</er>.</def>

<h1>Boreal</h1>
<Xpage=168>

<hw>Bo"re*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>borealis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bor\'82al</ets>. See <er>Boreas</er>.]</ety> <def>Northern; pertaining to the north, or to the north wind; <as>as, a <ex>boreal</ex> bird; a <ex>boreal</ex> blast.</as></def>

<blockquote>So from their own clear north in radiant streams,
Bright over Europe bursts the <b>boreal</b> morn.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boreas</h1>
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<hw>Bo"re*as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>boreas</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>The north wind; -- usually a personification.</def>

<h1>Borecole</h1>
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<hw>Bore"cole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>boerenkool</ets> (lit.) husbandman's cabbage.]</ety> <def>A brassicaceous plant of many varieties, cultivated for its leaves, which are not formed into a compact head like the cabbage, but are loose, and are generally curled or wrinkled; kale.</def>

<h1>Boredom</h1>
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<hw>Bore"dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being bored, or pestered; a state of ennui.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The realm of bores; bores, collectively.</def>

<h1>Boree</h1>
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<hw>Bo*ree"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bourr\'90\'82</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Borel</h1>
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<hw>Bor"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Borrel</er>.</def>

<h1>Borele</h1>
<Xpage=168>

<hw>Bor"e*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The smaller two-horned rhinoceros of South Africa (<spn>Atelodus bicornis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Borer</h1>
<Xpage=168>

<hw>Bor"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One that bores; an instrument for boring.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A marine, bivalve mollusk, of the genus <spn>Teredo</spn> and allies, which burrows in wood. See <er>Teredo</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any bivalve mollusk (<spn>Saxicava</spn>, <spn>Lithodomus</spn>, etc.) which bores into limestone and similar substances.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>One of the larv\'91 of many species of insects, which penetrate trees, as the apple, peach, pine, etc. See <cref>Apple borer</cref>, under <er>Apple</er>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The hagfish (<spn>Myxine</spn>).</def>

<h1>Boric</h1>
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<hw>Bo"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, boron.</def>

<cs><col>Boric acid</col>, <cd>a white crystalline substance <chform>B(OH)3</chform>, easily obtained from its salts, and occurring in solution in the hot lagoons of Tuscany.</cd></cs>

<h1>Boride</h1>
<Xpage=168>

<hw>Bo"ride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A binary compound of boron with a more positive or basic element or radical; -- formerly called <altname>boruret</altname>.</def>

<h1>Boring</h1>
<Xpage=168>

<hw>Bor"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of one who, or that which, bores; <as>as, the <ex>boring</ex> of cannon; the <ex>boring</ex> of piles and ship timbers by certain marine mollusks.</as></def>

<blockquote>One of the most important applications of <b>boring</b> is in the formation of artesian wells.
<i>Tomlinson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hole made by boring.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The chips or fragments made by boring.</def>

<cs><col>Boring bar</col>, <cd>a revolving or stationary bar, carrying one or more cutting tools for dressing round holes.</cd> -- <col>Boring tool</col> <fld>(Metal Working)</fld>, <cd>a cutting tool placed in a cutter head to dress round holes.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Born</h1>
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<hw>Born</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bear</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Brought forth, as an animal; brought into life; introduced by birth.</def>

<blockquote>No one could be <b>born</b> into slavery in Mexico.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having from birth a certain character; by or from birth; by nature; innate; <as>as, a born liar</as>.</def> "A <i>born</i> matchmaker."

<i>W. D. Howells.</i>

<cs><col>Born again</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>regenerated; renewed; having received spiritual life.</cd> "Except a man be <i>born again<i>, he can not see the kingdom of God." <i>John iii. 3</i>. -- <col>Born days</col>, <cd>days since one was born; lifetime.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Borne</h1>
<Xpage=168>

<hw>Borne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Bear</er>. <def>Carried; conveyed; supported; defrayed. See <er>Bear</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Borneol</h1>
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<hw>Bor"ne*ol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Borneo</ets> + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare variety of camphor, <chform>C10H17.OH</chform>, resembling ordinary camphor, from which it can be produced by reduction. It is said to occur in the camphor tree of Borneo and Sumatra (<spn>Dryobalanops camphora</spn>), but the natural borneol is rarely found in European or American commerce, being in great request by the Chinese. Called also <altname>Borneo camphor</altname>, <altname>Malay camphor</altname>, and <altname>camphol</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bornite</h1>
<Xpage=168>

<hw>Bor"nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after Von <ets>Born</ets>, a mineralogist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A valuable ore of copper, containing copper, iron, and sulphur; -- also called <altname>purple copper ore</altname> (or <altname>erubescite</altname>), in allusion to the colors shown upon the slightly tarnished surface.</def>

<h1>Borofluoride</h1>
<Xpage=168>

<hw>Bo`ro*flu"or*ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Boron</ets> + <ets>fluoride</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A double fluoride of boron and hydrogen, or some other positive element, or radical; -- called also <altname>fluoboride</altname>, and formerly <altname>fluoborate</altname>.</def>

<h1>Boroglyceride</h1>
<Xpage=168>

<hw>Bo"ro*glyc"er*ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Boron</ets> + <ets>glyceride</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of boric acid and glycerin, used as an antiseptic.</def>

<h1>Boron</h1>
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<hw>Bo"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Borax</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nonmetallic element occurring abundantly in borax. It is reduced with difficulty to the free state, when it can be obtained in several different forms; viz., as a substance of a deep olive color, in a semimetallic form, and in colorless quadratic crystals similar to the diamond in hardness and other properties. It occurs in nature also in boracite, datolite, tourmaline, and some other minerals. Atomic weight 10.9. Symbol B.</def>

<h1>Borosilicate</h1>
<Xpage=168>

<hw>Bo"ro*sil"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Boron</ets> + <ets>silicate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A double salt of boric and silicic acids, as in the natural minerals tourmaline, datolite, etc.</def>

<h1>Borough</h1>
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<hw>Bor"ough</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>burgh</ets>, <ets>burw</ets>, <ets>boru</ets>, port, town, burrow, AS. <ets>burh</ets>, <ets>burg</ets>; akin to Icel., Sw., & Dan. <ets>borg</ets>, OS. & D. <ets>burg</ets>, OHG. puruc, purc, MHG. <ets>burc</ets>, G. <ets>burg</ets>, Goth. <ets>ba\'a3rgs</ets>; and from the root of AS. <ets>beorgan</ets> to hide, save, defend, G. <ets>bergen</ets>; or perh. from that of AS. <ets>beorg</ets> hill, mountain. <?/95. See <er>Bury</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Burrow</er>, <er>Burg</er>, <er>Bury</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Burgess</er>, <er>Iceberg</er>, <er>Borrow</er>, <er>Harbor</er>, <er>Hauberk</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In England, an incorporated town that is not a city; also, a town that sends members to parliament; in Scotland, a body corporate, consisting of the inhabitants of a certain district, erected by the sovereign, with a certain jurisdiction; in America, an incorporated town or village, as in Pennsylvania and Connecticut.</def>

<i>Burrill. Erskine.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The collective body of citizens or inhabitants of a borough; <as>as, the <ex>borough</ex> voted to lay a tax</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Close borough</col>, &or; <col>Pocket borough</col></mcol>, <cd>a borough having the right of sending a member to Parliament, whose nomination is in the hands of a single person.</cd> -- <col>Rotten borough</col>, <cd>a name given to any borough which, at the time of the passage of the Reform Bill of 1832, contained but few voters, yet retained the privilege of sending a member to Parliament.</cd></cs>

<h1>Borough</h1>
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<hw>Bor"ough</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Borrow</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An association of men who gave pledges or sureties to the king for the good behavior of each other.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The pledge or surety thus given.</def>

<i>Blackstone. Tomlins.</i>

<h1>Borough-English</h1>
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<hw>Bor"ough-Eng"lish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A custom, as in some ancient boroughs, by which lands and tenements descend to the youngest son, instead of the eldest; or, if the owner have no issue, to the youngest brother.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Boroughhead</h1>
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<hw>Bor"ough*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Headborough</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Boroughholder</h1>
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<hw>Bor"ough*hold"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A headborough; a borsholder.</def>

<h1>Boroughmaster</h1>
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<hw>Bor"ough*mas"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Burgomaster</er>.]</ety> <def>The mayor, governor, or bailiff of a borough.</def>

<h1>Boroughmonger</h1>
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<hw>Bor"ough*mon"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who buys or sells the parliamentary seats of boroughs.</def>

<h1>Boroughmongering, Boroughmongery</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bor"ough*mon"ger*ing</hw>, <hw>Bor"ough*mon"ger*y</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practices of a boroughmonger.</def>

<h1>Borracho</h1>
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<hw>Bor*rach"o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Borachio</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<mhw><h1>Borrage, n., Borraginaceous</h1>
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<hw>Bor"rage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Bor*rag`i*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, etc.</mhw> <def>See <er>Borage</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, etc.</def>

<h1>Borrel</h1>
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<hw>Bor"rel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>burel</ets> a kind of coarse woolen cloth, fr. F. <ets>bure</ets> drugget. See <er>Bureau</er>. Rustic and common people dressed in this cloth, which was prob. so called from its color.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Coarse woolen cloth; hence, coarse clothing; a garment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of light stuff, of silk and wool.</def>

<h1>Borrel</h1>
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<hw>Bor"rel</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from <er>Borrel</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Ignorant, unlearned; belonging to the laity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Borrow</h1>
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<hw>Bor"row</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Borrowed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Borrowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>borwen</ets>, AS. <ets>borgian</ets>, fr. <ets>borg</ets>, <ets>borh</ets>, pledge; akin to D. <ets>borg</ets>, G. <ets>borg</ets>; prob. fr. root of AS. <ets>beorgan</ets> to protect. <?/95. See 1st <er>Borough</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To receive from another as a loan, with the implied or expressed intention of returning the identical article or its equivalent in kind; -- the opposite of <i>lend</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>To take (one or more) from the next higher denomination in order to add it to the next lower; -- a term of subtraction when the figure of the subtrahend is larger than the corresponding one of the minuend.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To copy or imitate; to adopt; <as>as, to <ex>borrow</ex> the style, manner, or opinions of another</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Rites <b>borrowed</b> from the ancients.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is not hard for any man, who hath a Bible in his hands, to <b>borrow</b> good words and holy sayings in abundance; but to make them his own is a work of grace only from above.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To feign or counterfeit.</def> "<i>Borrowed</i> hair."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>borrowed</b> majesty of England.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To receive; to take; to derive.</def>

<blockquote>Any drop thou <b>borrowedst</b> from thy mother.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To borrow trouble</col>, <cd>to be needlessly troubled; to be overapprehensive.</cd></cs>

<h1>Borrow</h1>
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<hw>Bor"row</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something deposited as security; a pledge; a surety; a hostage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ye may retain as <b>borrows</b> my two priests.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of borrowing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Of your royal presence I'll adventure
The <b>borrow</b> of a week.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Borrower</h1>
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<hw>Bor"row*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who borrows.</def>

<blockquote>Neither a <b>borrower</b> nor a lender be.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Borsholder</h1>
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<hw>Bors"hold`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>borsolder</ets>; prob. fr. AS. <ets>borg</ets>, gen. <ets>borges</ets>, pledge + <ets>ealdor</ets> elder. See <er>Borrow</er>, and <er>Elder</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The head or chief of a tithing, or borough (see 2d <er>Borough</er>); the headborough; a parish constable.</def>

<i>Spelman.</i>

<h1>Bort</h1>
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<hw>Bort</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Imperfectly crystallized or coarse diamonds, or fragments made in cutting good diamonds which are reduced to powder and used in lapidary work.</def>

<h1>Boruret</h1>
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<hw>Bo"ru*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A boride.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Borwe</h1>
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<hw>Bor"we</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pledge; borrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bos</h1>
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<hw>Bos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., ox, cow.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of ruminant quadrupeds, including the wild and domestic cattle, distinguished by a stout body, hollow horns, and a large fold of skin hanging from the neck.</def>

<h1>Bosa</h1>
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<hw>Bo"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>b<?/za</ets>, Pers. <ets>b<?/zah</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bosan</ets>.]</ety> <def>A drink, used in the East. See <er>Boza</er>.</def>

<h1>Boscage</h1>
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<hw>Bos"cage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>boscage</ets> grove, F. <ets>bocage</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>boscus</ets>, <ets>buscus</ets>, thicket, wood. See 1st <er>Bush</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A growth of trees or shrubs; underwood; a thicket; thick foliage; a wooded landscape.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Food or sustenance for cattle, obtained from bushes and trees; also, a tax on wood.</def>

<h1>Bosh</h1>
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<hw>Bosh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>posse</ets> joke, trifle; It. <ets>bozzo</ets> a rough stone, <ets>bozzetto</ets> a rough sketch, <ets>s-bozzo</ets> a rough draught, sketch.]</ety> <def>Figure; outline; show.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bosh</h1>
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<hw>Bosh</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk.]</ety> <def>Empty talk; contemptible nonsense; trash; humbug.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Bosh</h1>
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<hw>Bosh</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Boshes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>b\'94schung</ets> a slope.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the sloping sides of the lower part of a blast furnace; also, one of the hollow iron or brick sides of the bed of a puddling or boiling furnace.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The lower part of a blast furnace, which slopes inward, or the widest space at the top of this part.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In forging and smelting, a trough in which tools and ingots are cooled.</def>

<h1>Boshbok</h1>
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<hw>Bosh"bok</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>bosch</ets> wood + <ets>bok</ets> buck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of antelope. See <er>Bush buck</er>.</def>

<h1>Boshvark</h1>
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<hw>Bosh"vark</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>bosch</ets> wood + <ets>varken</ets> pig.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bush hog. See under <er>Bush</er>, a thicket.</def>

<h1>Bosjesman</h1>
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<hw>Bos"jes*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>; <ets>pl</ets>. <er>Bosjesmans</er>. [D. <ets>boschjesman</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Bushman</er>.</def>

<h1>Bosk</h1>
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<hw>Bosk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bosket</er>.]</ety> <def>A thicket; a small wood.</def> "Through <i>bosk</i> and dell."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Boskage</h1>
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<hw>Bos"kage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Boscage</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Thridding the somber <b>boskage</b> of the wood.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bosket, Bosquet</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bos"ket</hw>, <hw>Bos"quet</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bosquet</ets> a little wood, dim. fr. LL. <ets>boscus</ets>. See <er>Boscage</er>, and cf. <er>Bouquet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gardening)</fld> <def>A grove; a thicket; shrubbery; an inclosure formed by branches of trees, regularly or irregularly disposed.</def>

<h1>Boskiness</h1>
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<hw>Bosk"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Boscage; also, the state or quality of being bosky.</def>

<h1>Bosky</h1>
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<hw>Bosk"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Bushy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Woody or bushy; covered with boscage or thickets.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Caused by boscage.</def>

<blockquote>Darkened over by long <b>bosky</b> shadows.
<i>H. James.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bosom</h1>
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<hw>Bos"om</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>b<?/sm</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bozem</ets>, Fries. <ets>b<?/sm</ets>, OHG. <ets>puosum</ets>, G. <ets>busen</ets>, and prob. E. <ets>bough</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The breast of a human being; the part, between the arms, to which anything is pressed when embraced by them.</def>

<blockquote>You must prepare your <b>bosom</b> for his knife.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The breast, considered as the seat of the passions, affections, and operations of the mind; consciousness; se<?/<?/et thoughts.</def>

<blockquote>Tut, I am in their <b>bosoms</b>, and I know
Wherefore they do it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding my iniquity in my <b>bosom</b>.
<i>Job xxxi. 33.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Embrace; loving or affectionate inclosure; fold.</def>

<blockquote>Within the <b>bosom</b> of that church.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any thing or place resembling the breast; a supporting surface; an inner recess; the interior; <as>as, the <ex>bosom</ex> of the earth</as>.</def> "The <i>bosom</i> of the ocean."

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The part of the dress worn upon the breast; an article, or a portion of an article, of dress to be worn upon the breast; <as>as, the <ex>bosom</ex> of a shirt; a linen <ex>bosom</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>He put his hand into his <b>bosom</b>: and when he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous as snow.
<i>Ex. iv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Inclination; desire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A depression round the eye of a millstone.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Bosom</h1>
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<hw>Bos"om</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the bosom.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Intimate; confidential; familiar; trusted; cherished; beloved; <as>as, a bosom friend</as>.</def>

<h1>Bosom</h1>
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<hw>Bos"om</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[p. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bosomed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bosoming</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To inclose or carry in the bosom; to keep with care; to take to heart; to cherish.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bosom</b> up my counsel,
You'll find it wholesome.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To conceal; to hide from view; to embosom.</def>

<blockquote>To happy convents <b>bosomed</b> deep in vines.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bosomed</h1>
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<hw>Bos"omed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having, or resembling, bosom; kept in the bosom; hidden.</def>

<h1>Bosomy</h1>
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<hw>Bos"om*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by recesses or sheltered hollows.</def>

<h1>Boson</h1>
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<hw>Bo"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Boatswain</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Bosporian</h1>
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<hw>Bos*po"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Bosporus</ets>, G. <ets><?/</ets>, lit., <ets>ox-ford</ets>, the ox's or heifer's ford, on account of Io's passage here as a heifer; fr. <ets><?/</ets> ox, heifer + <ets><?/</ets> ford.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Thracian or the Cimmerian Bosporus.</def>

<blockquote>The Alans forced the <b>Bosporian</b> kings to pay them tribute and exterminated the Taurians.
<i>Tooke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bosporus</h1>
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<hw>Bos"po*rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A strait or narrow sea between two seas, or a lake and a seas; <as>as, the <ex>Bosporus</ex> (formerly the Thracian Bosporus) or Strait of Constantinople, between the Black Sea and Sea of Marmora; the Cimmerian <ex>Bosporus</ex>, between the Black Sea and Sea of Azof.</as></def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Bosphorus</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bosquet</h1>
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<hw>Bos"quet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bosket</er>.</def>

<h1>Boss</h1>
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<hw>Boss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bosses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>boce</ets>, <ets>bose</ets>, <ets>boche</ets>, OF. <ets>boce</ets>, <ets>boche</ets>, <ets>bosse</ets>, F. <ets>bosse</ets>, of G. origin; cf. OHG. <ets>b\'d3zo</ets> tuft, bunch, OHG. <ets>b\'d3zan</ets>, MHG. <ets>b\'93zen</ets>, to beat. See <er>Beat</er>, and cf. <er>Botch</er> a swelling.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any protuberant part; a round, swelling part or body; a knoblike process; <as>as, a <ex>boss</ex> of wood</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A protuberant ornament on any work, either of different material from that of the work or of the same, as upon a buckler or bridle; a stud; a knob; the central projection of a shield. See <er>Umbilicus</er>.</def>

<hr>
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Page 169<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A projecting ornament placed at the intersection of the ribs of ceilings, whether vaulted or flat, and in other situations.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>bus</ets> box, Dan. <ets>b\'94sse</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wooden vessel for the mortar used in tiling or masonry, hung by a hook from the laths, or from the rounds of a ladder.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The enlarged part of a shaft, on which a wheel is keyed, or at the end, where it is coupled to another.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A swage or die used for shaping metals.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A head or reservoir of water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Boss</h1>
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<hw>Boss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bossed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bossing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bocen</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>bocier</ets>. See the preceding word.]</ety> <def>To ornament with bosses; to stud.</def>

<h1>Boss</h1>
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<hw>Boss</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>baas</ets> master.]</ety> <def>A master workman or superintendent; a director or manager; a political dictator.</def> <mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Bossage</h1>
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<hw>Boss"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bossage</ets>, fr. <ets>bosse</ets>. See <er>Boss</er> a stud.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A stone in a building, left rough and projecting, to be afterward carved into shape.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Rustic work, consisting of stones which seem to advance beyond the level of the building, by reason of indentures or channels left in the joinings.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Bossed</h1>
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<hw>Bossed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Embossed; also, bossy.</def>

<h1>Bosset</h1>
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<hw>Bos"set</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Boss</er> a stud.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rudimental antler of a young male of the red deer.</def>

<h1>Bossism</h1>
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<hw>Boss"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The rule or practices of bosses, esp. political bosses.</def> <mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Bossy</h1>
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<hw>Boss"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ornamented with bosses; studded.</def>

<h1>Bossy</h1>
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<hw>Bos"sy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. fr. Prov. E. <ets>boss</ets> in <ets>boss-calf</ets>, <ets>buss-calf</ets>, for <ets>boose-calf</ets>, prop., a calf kept in the stall. See 1st <er>Boose</er>.]</ety> <def>A cow or calf; -- familiarly so called.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Boston</h1>
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<hw>Bos"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A game at cards, played by four persons, with two packs of fifty-two cards each; -- said to be so called from Boston, Massachusetts, and to have been invented by officers of the French army in America during the Revolutionary war.</def>

<h1>Boswellian</h1>
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<hw>Bos*well"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or characteristic of, Boswell, the biographer of Dr. Johnson.</def>

<h1>Boswellism</h1>
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<hw>Bos"well*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The style of Boswell.</def>

<h1>Bot</h1>
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<hw>Bot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bots</er>.</def>

<h1>Botanic, Botanical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bo*tan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bo*tan"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>botanique</ets>. See <er>Botany</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to botany; relating to the study of plants; <as>as, a <ex>botanical</ex> system, arrangement, textbook, expedition</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Botan"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Botanic garden</col>, <cd>a garden devoted to the culture of plants collected for the purpose of illustrating the science of botany.</cd> -- <col>Botanic physician</col>, <cd>a physician whose medicines consist chiefly of herbs and roots.</cd></cs>

<h1>Botanist</h1>
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<hw>Bot"a*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>botaniste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in botany; one versed in the knowledge of plants.</def>

<h1>Botanize</h1>
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<hw>Bot"a*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Botanized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Botanizing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>botaniser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To seek after plants for botanical investigation; to study plants.</def>

<h1>Botanize</h1>
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<hw>Bot"a*nize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To explore for botanical purposes.</def>

<h1>Botanizer</h1>
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<hw>Bot"a*ni`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who botanizes.</def>

<h1>Botanologer</h1>
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<hw>Bot`a*nol"o*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A botanist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Botanology</h1>
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<hw>Bot`a*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Botany</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>botanologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of botany.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Botanomancy</h1>
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<hw>Bot"a*no*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Botany</ets> + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>botanomantie</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ancient species of divination by means of plants, esp. sage and fig leaves.</def>

<h1>Botany</h1>
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<hw>Bot"a*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Botanies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>botanique</ets>, <tt>a. & n.</tt>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> botanic, fr. <ets><?/</ets> herb, plant, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to feed, graze.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science which treats of the structure of plants, the functions of their parts, their places of growth, their classification, and the terms which are employed in their description and denomination. See <er>Plant</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A book which treats of the science of botany.</def>

<note>&hand; Botany is divided into various departments; as, <col>Structural Botany</col>, which investigates the structure and organic composition of plants; <col>Physiological Botany</col>, the study of their functions and life; and <col>Systematic Botany</col>, which has to do with their classification, description, nomenclature, etc.</note>

<h1>Botany Bay</h1>
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<hw>Bot"a*ny Bay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A harbor on the east coast of Australia, and an English convict settlement there; -- so called from the number of new plants found on its shore at its discovery by Cook in 1770.</def>

<note>Hence, any place to which desperadoes resort.</note>

<cs><col>Botany Bay kino</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an astringent, reddish substance consisting of the inspissated juice of several Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Botany Bay resin</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a resin of reddish yellow color, resembling gamboge, the product of different Australian species of <spn>Xanthorrh\'91a</spn>, esp. the grass three <spn>(X. hastilis.)</spn></cd></cs>

<h1>Botargo</h1>
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<hw>Bo*tar"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>bottarga</ets>, <ets>bottarica</ets>; or Sp. <ets>botarga</ets>; a kind of large sausages, a sort of wide breeches: cf. F. <ets>boutargue</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sort of cake or sausage, made of the salted roes of the mullet, much used on the coast of the Mediterranean as an incentive to drink.</def>

<h1>Botch</h1>
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<hw>Botch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Botches</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Same as Boss a stud. For senses 2 & 3 cf. D. <ets>botsen</ets> to beat, akin to E. <ets>beat</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A swelling on the skin; a large ulcerous affection; a boil; an eruptive disease.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Botches</b> and blains must all his flesh emboss.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A patch put on, or a part of a garment patched or mended in a clumsy manner.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Work done in a bungling manner; a clumsy performance; a piece of work, or a place in work, marred in the doing, or not properly finished; a bungle.</def>

<blockquote>To leave no rubs nor <b>botches</b> in the work.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Botch</h1>
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<hw>Botch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Botched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Botching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Botch</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To mark with, or as with, botches.</def>

<blockquote>Young Hylas, <b>botched</b> with stains.
<i>Garth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To repair; to mend; esp. to patch in a clumsy or imperfect manner, as a garment; -- sometimes with <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Sick bodies . . . to be kept and <b>botched</b> up for a time.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To put together unsuitably or unskillfully; to express or perform in a bungling manner; to spoil or mar, as by unskillful work.</def>

<blockquote>For treason <b>botched</b> in rhyme will be thy bane.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Botchedly</h1>
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<hw>Botch"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a clumsy manner.</def>

<h1>Botcher</h1>
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<hw>Botch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who mends or patches, esp. a tailor or cobbler.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A clumsy or careless workman; a bungler.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young salmon; a grilse.</def>

<h1>Botcherly</h1>
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<hw>Botch"er*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bungling; awkward.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Botchery</h1>
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<hw>Botch"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A botching, or that which is done by botching; clumsy or careless workmanship.</def>

<h1>Botchy</h1>
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<hw>Botch"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marked with botches; full of botches; poorly done.</def> "This <i>botchy</i> business."

<i>Bp. Watson.</i>

<h1>Bote</h1>
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<hw>Bote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Old form of <ets>boot</ets>; -- used in composition. See 1st <er>Boot</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Compensation; amends; satisfaction; expiation; <as>as, man <ex>bote</ex>, a compensation or a man slain</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Payment of any kind.</def> <i>Bouvier</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A privilege or allowance of necessaries.</def>

<note>&hand; This word is still used in composition as equivalent to the French <i>estovers</i>, supplies, necessaries; as, house<i>bote</i>, a sufficiency of wood to repair a house, or for fuel, sometimes called fire<i>bote</i>; so plow<i>bote</i>, cart<i>bote</i>, wood for making or repairing instruments of husbandry; hay<i>bote</i> or hedge<i>bote</i>, wood for hedges, fences, etc. These were privileges enjoyed by tenants under the feudal system.

<i>Burrill.</i> <i>Bouvier.</i>  <i>Blackstone.</i>
</note>

<h1>Boteless</h1>
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<hw>Bote"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unavailing; in vain. See <er>Bootless</er>.</def>

<h1>Botfly</h1>
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<hw>Bot"fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dipterous insect of the family (<spn>Estrid\'91</spn>, of many different species, some of which are particularly troublesome to domestic animals, as the horse, ox, and sheep, on which they deposit their eggs. A common species is one of the botflies of the horse (<spn>Gastrophilus equi</spn>), the larv\'91 of which (<i>bots</i>) are taken into the stomach of the animal, where they live several months and pass through their larval states. In tropical America one species sometimes lives under the human skin, and another in the stomach. See <er>Gadfly</er>.</def>

<h1>Both</h1>
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<hw>Both</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. or pron.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bothe</ets>, <ets>ba<?/e</ets>, fr. Icel. <ets>b\'be<?/ir</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>baade</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'86da</ets>, Goth. <ets>baj<?/<?/s</ets>, OHG. <ets>beid<?/</ets>, <ets>b<?/d<?/</ets>, G. & D. <ets>beide</ets>, also AS. <ets>begen</ets>, <ets>b\'be</ets>, <ets>b<?/</ets>, Goth. <ets>bai</ets>, and Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, L. <ets>ambo</ets>, Lith. <ets>ab\'85</ets>, OSlav. <ets>oba</ets>, Skr. <ets>ubha</ets>. &root;310. Cf. <er>Amb</er>-.]</ety> <def>The one and the other; the two; the pair, without exception of either.</def>

<note>&hand; It is generally used adjectively with nouns; as, both horses ran away; but with pronouns, and often with nous, it is used substantively, and followed by <i>of</i>.</note>

<note>It frequently stands as a pronoun.</note>

<blockquote>She alone is heir to <b>both</b> of us.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them unto Abimelech; and <b>both</b> of them made a covenant.
<i>Gen. xxi. 27.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He will not bear the loss of his rank, because he can bear the loss of his estate; but he will bear <b>both</b>, because he is prepared for <b>both</b>.
<i>Bolingbroke.</i></blockquote>

<note>It is often used in apposition with nouns or pronouns.</note>

<blockquote>Thy weal and woe are <b>both</b> of them extremes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This said, they <b>both</b> betook them several ways.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note><i>Both</i> now always precedes any other attributive words; as, <i>both</i> their armies; both our eyes.</note>

<note><i>Both of</i> is used before pronouns in the objective case; as, <i>both of</i> us, them, whom, etc.; but before substantives its used is colloquial, <i>both</i> (without <it>of</it>) being the preferred form; as, <i>both</i> the brothers.</note>

<h1>Both</h1>
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<hw>Both</hw>, <tt>conj.</tt> <def>As well; not only; equally.</def>

<note><i>Both</i> precedes the first of two co\'94rdinate words or phrases, and is followed by <it>and</it> before the other, <i>both</i> . . . <it>and</it> . . . ; as well the one as the other; not only this, but also that; equally the former and the latter. It is also sometimes followed by more than two co\'94rdinate words, connected by <it>and</it> expressed or understood.</note>

<blockquote>To judge <b>both</b> quick and dead.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A masterpiece <b>both</b> for argument and style.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To whom <b>bothe</b> heven and erthe and see is sene.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Both</b> mongrel, puppy, whelp, and hound.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He prayeth well who loveth well
<b>Both</b> man and bird and beast.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bother</h1>
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<hw>Both"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bothered</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bothering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Ir. <ets>buaidhirt</ets> trouble, <ets>buaidhrim</ets> I vex.]</ety> <def>To annoy; to trouble; to worry; to perplex. See <er>Pother</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The imperative is sometimes used as an exclamation mildly imprecatory.</note>

<h1>Bother</h1>
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<hw>Both"er</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To feel care or anxiety; to make or take trouble; to be troublesome.</def>

<blockquote>Without <b>bothering</b> about it.
<i>H. James.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bother</h1>
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<hw>Both"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, bothers; state of perplexity or annoyance; embarrassment; worry; disturbance; petty trouble; <as>as, to be in a <ex>bother</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Botheration</h1>
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<hw>Both`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of bothering, or state of being bothered; cause of trouble; perplexity; annoyance; vexation.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Botherer</h1>
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<hw>Both"er*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bothers.</def>

<h1>Bothersome</h1>
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<hw>Both"er*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Vexatious; causing bother; causing trouble or perplexity; troublesome.</def>

<h1>Both-hands</h1>
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<hw>Both"-hands`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A factotum.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He is his master's <b>both-hands</b>, I assure you.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bothie</h1>
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<hw>Both"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bothy</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Bothnian, Bothnic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Both"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Both"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Bothnia, a country of northern Europe, or to a gulf of the same name which forms the northern part of the Baltic sea.</def>

<h1>Bothrenchyma</h1>
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<hw>Both*ren"chy*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> pit + <ets><?/</ets> something poured in. Formed like <ets>parenchyma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Dotted or pitted ducts or vessels forming the pores seen in many kinds of wood.</def>

<h1>Bothy Boothy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Both"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <hw>Booth"y</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu> <ety>[Scottish. Cf. <er>Booth</er>.]</ety> <def>A wooden hut or humble cot, esp. a rude hut or barrack for unmarried farm servants; a shepherd's or hunter's hut; a booth.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Botocudos</h1>
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<hw>Bo`to*cu"dos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>botoque</ets> stopple. So called because they wear a wooden plug in the pierced lower lip.]</ety> <def>A Brazilian tribe of Indians, noted for their use of poisons; -- also called <i>Aymbor\'82s</i>.</def>

<h1>Bo tree</h1>
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<hw>Bo" tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The peepul tree; esp., the very ancient tree standing at Anurajahpoora in Ceylon, grown from a slip of the tree under which Gautama is said to have received the heavenly light and so to have become Buddha.</def>

<blockquote>The sacred <b>bo tree</b> of the Buddhists (<spn>Ficus religiosa</spn>), which is planted close to every temple, and attracts almost as much veneration as the status of the god himself.  . . . It differs from the banyan (<spn>Ficus Indica</spn>) by sending down no roots from its branches.
<i>Tennent.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Botryogen</h1>
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<hw>Bot"ry*o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> cluster of grapes + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous sulphate of iron of a deep red color. It often occurs in botryoidal form.</def>

<h1>Botryoid, Botryoidal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bot"ry*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bot`ry*oid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> cluster of grapes + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a bunch of grapes; like a cluster of grapes, as a mineral presenting an aggregation of small spherical or spheroidal prominences.</def>

<h1>Botryolite</h1>
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<hw>Bot"ry*o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> cluster of grapes + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of datolite, usually having a botryoidal structure.</def>

<h1>Botryose</h1>
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<hw>Bot"ry*ose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the form of a cluster of grapes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of the racemose or acropetal type of inflorescence.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Bots</h1>
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<hw>Bots</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gael. <ets>botus</ets> belly worm, <ets>boiteag</ets> maggot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larv\'91 of several species of botfly, especially those larv\'91 which infest the stomach, throat, or intestines of the horse, and are supposed to be the cause of various ailments.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>botts</asp>.]</altsp> <note>See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Botfly</er>.</note>

<h1>Bottine</h1>
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<hw>Bot*tine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Boot</er> (for the foot.).]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A small boot; a lady's boot.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An appliance resembling a small boot furnished with straps, buckles, etc., used to correct or prevent distortions in the lower extremities of children.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Bottle</h1>
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<hw>Bot"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bote</ets>, <ets>botelle</ets>, OF. <ets>botel</ets>, <ets>bouteille</ets>, F. <ets>bouteille</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>buticula</ets>, dim. of <ets>butis</ets>, <ets>buttis</ets>, <ets>butta</ets>, flask. Cf. <er>Butt</er> a cask.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hollow vessel, usually of glass or earthenware (but formerly of leather), with a narrow neck or mouth, for holding liquids.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The contents of a bottle; as much as a bottle contains; <as>as, to drink a <ex>bottle</ex> of wine</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: Intoxicating liquor; <as>as, to drown one's reason in the <ex>bottle</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Bottle</i> is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound.</note>

<cs><col>Bottle ale</col>, <cd>bottled ale.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>Bottle brush</col>, <cd>a cylindrical brush for cleansing the interior of bottles.</cd> -- <col>Bottle fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of deep-sea eel (<spn>Saccopharynx ampullaceus</spn>), remarkable for its baglike gullet, which enables it to swallow fishes two or three times its won size.</cd> -- <col>Bottle flower</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Bluebottle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bottle glass</col>, <cd>a coarse, green glass, used in the manufacture of bottles. <i>Ure</i>.</cd> -- <col>Bottle gourd</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the common gourd or calabash (<spn>Lagenaria Vulgaris</spn>), whose shell is used for bottles, dippers, etc.</cd> -- <col>Bottle grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a nutritious fodder grass (<spn>Setaria glauca</spn> and <spn>S. viridis</spn>); -- called also <altname>foxtail</altname>, and <altname>green foxtail</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Bottle tit</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European long-tailed titmouse; -- so called from the shape of its nest.</cd> -- <col>Bottle tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an Australian tree (<spn>Sterculia rupestris</spn>), with a bottle-shaped, or greatly swollen, trunk.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Feeding bottle</col>, <col>Nursing bottle</col></mcol>, <cd>a bottle with a rubber nipple (generally with an intervening tubve), used in feeding infants.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bottle</h1>
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<hw>Bot"tle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bottled</er> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bottling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To put into bottles; to inclose in, or as in, a bottle or bottles; to keep or restrain as in a bottle; <as>as, to <ex>bottle</ex> wine or porter; to <ex>bottle</ex> up one's wrath.</as></def>

<h1>Bottle</h1>
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<hw>Bot"tle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>botel</ets>, OF. <ets>botel</ets>, dim. of F. <ets>botte</ets>; cf. OHG. <ets>bozo</ets> bunch. See <er>Boss</er> stud.]</ety> <def>A bundle, esp. of hay.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Shak.</i>

<h1>Bottled</h1>
<Xpage=169>

<hw>Bot"tled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Put into bottles; inclosed in bottles; pent up in, or as in, a bottle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the shape of a bottle; protuberant.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bottle green</h1>
<Xpage=169>

<hw>Bot"tle green`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <def>A dark shade of green, like that of bottle glass.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bot"tle-green`</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bottlehead</h1>
<Xpage=169>

<hw>Bot"tle*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cetacean allied to the grampus; -- called also <altname>bottle-nosed whale</altname><-- bottle-nosed dolphin? -->.</def>

<note>&hand; There are several species so named, as the pilot whales, of the genus <spn>Globicephalus</spn>, and one or more species of <spn>Hypero\'94don</spn> (<spn>H. bidens</spn>, etc.), found on the European coast. See <er>Blackfish</er>, 1.</note>

<h1>Bottleholder</h1>
<Xpage=169>

<hw>Bot"tle*hold`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who attends a pugilist in a prize fight; -- so called from the bottle of water of which he has charge.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who assists or supports another in a contest; an abettor; a backer.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lord Palmerston considered himself the <b>bottleholder</b> of oppressed states.
<i>The London Times.</i></blockquote>


<h1>Bottle-nose</h1>
<Xpage=169>

<hw>Bot"tle-nose`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>  <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cetacean of the Dolphin family, of several species, as <spn>Delphinus Tursio</spn> and <spn>Lagenorhyncus leucopleurus</spn>, of Europe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The puffin.</def>

<h1>Bottle-nosed</h1>
<Xpage=169>

<hw>Bot"tle-nosed`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the nose bottleshaped, or large at the end.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Bottler</h1>
<Xpage=169>

<hw>Bot"tler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bottles wine, beer, soda water, etc.</def>

<h1>Bottlescrew</h1>
<Xpage=169>

<hw>Bot"tle*screw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A corkscrew.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Bottling</h1>
<Xpage=169>

<hw>Bot"tling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or the process of putting anything into bottles (as beer, mineral water, etc.) and corking the bottles.</def>

<hr>
<page="170">
Page 170<p>

<h1>Bottom</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bot"tom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>botum</ets>, <ets>botme</ets>, AS. <ets>botm</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>bodom</ets>, D. <ets>bodem</ets>, OHG. <ets>podam</ets>, G. <ets>boden</ets>, Icel. <ets>botn</ets>,     Sw. <ets>botten</ets>, Dan. <ets>bund</ets> (for <ets>budn</ets> ), L. <ets>fundus</ets> (for <ets>fudnus</ets>), Gr.<?/ (for <?/), Skr. <ets>budhna</ets> (for <ets>bhudhna</ets>), and Ir. <ets>bonn</ets> sole of the foot, W. <ets>bon</ets> stem, base.  \'fb257>.  Cf. 4th <er>Found</er>, <er>Fund</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The lowest part of anything; the foot; <as>as, the <ex>bottom</ex> of a tree or well; the <ex>bottom</ex> of a hill, a lane, or a page.</as></def>

<blockquote>Or dive into the <b>bottom</b> of the deep.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The part of anything which is beneath the contents and supports them, as the part of a chair on which a person sits, the circular base or lower head of a cask or tub, or the plank floor of a ship's hold; the under surface.</def>

<blockquote>Barrels with the <b>bottom</b> knocked out.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No two chairs were alike; such high backs and low backs and leather <b>bottoms</b> and worsted <b>bottoms</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That upon which anything rests or is founded, in a literal or a figurative sense; foundation; groundwork.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The bed of a body of water, as of a river, lake, sea.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The fundament; the buttocks.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An abyss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Low land formed by alluvial deposits along a river; low-lying ground; a dale; a valley.</def> "The <i>bottoms</i> and the high grounds."

<i>Stoddard.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The part of a ship which is ordinarily under water; hence, the vessel itself; a ship.</def>

<blockquote>My ventures are not in one <b>bottom</b> trusted.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Not to sell the teas, but to return them to London in the
same <b>bottoms</b> in which they were shipped.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Full bottom</col>, <cd>a hull of such shape as permits carrying a large amount of merchandise.</cd></cs>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Power of endurance; <as>as, a horse of a good <ex>bottom</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Dregs or grounds; lees; sediment.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>At bottom</col>, <col>At the bottom</col></mcol>, <cd>at the foundation or basis; in reality. "He was <i>at the bottom<i> a good man."</cd> <i>J. F. Cooper.</i> -- <col>To be at the bottom of</col>, <cd>to be the cause or originator of; to be the source of.</cd> <mark>[Usually in an opprobrious sense.]</mark> <i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<blockquote>He <b>was at the bottom of</b> many excellent counsels.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

 -- <col>To go to the bottom</col>, <cd>to sink; esp. to be wrecked.</cd> -- <col>To touch bottom</col>, <cd>to reach the lowest point; to find something on which to rest.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bottom</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bot"tom</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the bottom; fundamental; lowest; under; <as>as, <ex>bottom</ex> rock; the <ex>bottom</ex> board of a wagon box; <ex>bottom</ex> prices.</as></def>

<cs><col>Bottom glade</col>, <cd>a low glade or open place; a valley; a dale.</cd></cs>

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs>-<col>Bottom grass</col>, <cd>grass growing on bottom lands.</cd> -- <col>Bottom land</col>. <cd>See 1st <er>Bottom</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 7.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bottom</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bot"tom</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bottomed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bottoming</er>.]</def>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To found or build upon; to fix upon as a support; -- followed by <tt>on</tt> or <tt>upon</tt>.</def>

<blockquote>Action is supposed to be <b>bottomed</b> upon principle.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those false and deceiving grounds upon which many <b>bottom</b> their eternal state].
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with a bottom; <as>as, to <ex>bottom</ex> a chair</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To reach or get to the bottom of.</def>

<i>Smiles.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bottom</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bot"tom</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rest, as upon an ultimate support; to be based or grounded; -- usually with <tt>on</tt> or <tt>upon</tt>.</def>

<blockquote>Find on what foundation any proposition <b>bottoms</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reach or impinge against the bottom, so as to impede free action, as when the point of a cog strikes the bottom of a space between two other cogs, or a piston the end of a cylinder.</def>

<h1>Bottom</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bot"tom</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>botme</ets>, perh. corrupt. for <ets>button</ets>. See <er>Button</er>.]</ety> <def>A ball or skein of thread; a cocoon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Silkworms finish their <b>bottoms</b> in . . . fifteen days.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bottom</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bot"tom</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To wind round something, as in making a ball of thread.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>As you unwind her love from him,
Lest it should ravel and be good to none,
You must provide to <b>bottom</b> it on me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bottomed</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bot"tomed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having at the bottom, or as a bottom; resting upon a bottom; grounded; -- mostly, in composition; <as>as, sharp-<ex>bottomed</ex>; well-<ex>bottomed</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Bottomless</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bot"tom*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a bottom; hence, fathomless; baseless; <as>as, a <ex>bottomless</ex> abyss</as>.</def> "Bottomless speculations."

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Bottomry</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bot"tom*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From 1st <er>Bottom</er> in sense 8: cf.D. <ets>bodemerij</ets>. Cf. <er>Bummery</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mar.Law)</fld> <def>A contract in the nature of a mortgage, by which the owner of a ship, or the master as his agent, hypothecates and binds the ship (and sometimes the accruing freight) as security for the repayment of money advanced or lent for the use of the ship, if she terminates her voyage successfully. If the ship is lost by perils of the sea, the lender loses the money; but if the ship arrives safe, he is to receive the money lent, with the interest or premium stipulated, although it may, and usually does, exceed the legal rate of interest. See <er>Hypothecation</er>.</def>

<h1>Bottony, Botton\'82</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw><hw>Bot"ton*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bot"to*n\'82</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>boutonn\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>boutonner</ets> to bud, button.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having a bud or button, or a kind of trefoil, at the end; furnished with knobs or buttons.</def>

<cs><col>Cross bottony</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a cross having each arm terminating in three rounded lobes, forming a sort of trefoil.<tt>cd></cs>

<h1>Botts</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Botts</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bots</er>.</def>

<h1>Botuliform</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bot"u*li*form`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>botulus</ets> sausage + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the shape of a sausage.</def>

<i>Henslow.</i>

<h1>Bouche</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bouche</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Bush</er>, a lining.</def>

<h1>Bouche</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bouche</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bush</er>, to line.</def>

<h1>Bouche, Bouch</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw><hw>Bouche</hw>, <hw>Bouch</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bouche</ets> mouth, victuals.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A mouth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An allowance of meat and drink for the tables of inferior officers or servants in a nobleman's palace or at court.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bouch\'82es</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bou`ch\'82es"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F., morsels, mouthfuls, fr. <ets>bouche</ets> mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Small patties.</def>

<h1>Boud</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Boud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A weevil; a worm that breeds in malt, biscuit, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<nw<Bou*doir"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>bouder</ets> to pout, be sulky.]</ety> <def>A small room, esp. if pleasant, or elegantly furnished, to which a lady may retire to be alone, or to receive intimate friends; a lady's (or sometimes a gentleman's) private room.</def>

<i>Cowper.<tt>au>

<h1>Bouffe</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bouffe</hw> <tt>(?)<tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., buffoon.]</ety> <def>Comic opera. See <er>Opera Bouffe</er>.</def>

<h1>Bougainvill\'91a</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bou`gain*vil*l\'91`a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from <ets>Bougainville</ets>, the French navigator.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants of the order Nyctoginace\'91, from tropical South America, having the flowers surrounded by large bracts.</def>

<h1>Bouge</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bouge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bouged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>]</wordforms> <ety>[Variant of <ets>bulge</ets>. Cf. <er>Bowge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To swell out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bilge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Their ship <i>bouged</i>."

<i>Hakluyt.</i>

<h1>Bouge</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bouge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To stave in; to bilge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Bouge</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bouge</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bouche</ets> mouth, victuals.]</ety> <def>Bouche (see <er>Bouche</er>, 2); food and drink; provisions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote> [They] made room for a bombardman that brought <b>bouge</b> for a country lady or two, that fainted . . . with fasting.
<i>B. Jonson</i></blockquote>.

<h1>Bouget</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bou"get</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bougette</ets> sack, bag. Cf. <er>Budget</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A charge representing a leather vessel for carrying water; -- also called <altname>water bouget</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bough</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bough</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bogh</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'d3g</ets>, <ets>b\'d3h</ets>, bough,     shoulder; akin to Icel. <ets>b\'d3gr</ets> shoulder, bow of a ship, Sw. <ets>bog</ets>, Dan. <ets>bov</ets>, OHG. <ets>buog</ets>, G. <ets>bug</ets>, and to Gr.<?/ ( for <?/ ) forearm, Skr. <ets>b\'behu</ets> (for <ets>bh\'beghu</ets>) arm. &root;88, 251. Cf. <er>Bow</er> of a ship.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An arm or branch of a tree, esp. a large arm or main branch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gallows.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bought</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bought</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>bugt</ets> bend, turning, Icel. <ets>bug<?/a</ets>. Cf. <er>Bight</er>, <er>Bout</er>, and see <er>Bow</er> to bend.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A flexure; a bend; a twist; a turn; a coil, as in a rope; as the <i>boughts</i> of a serpent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>boughts</b> of the fore legs.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The part of a sling that contains the stone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bought</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bought</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Buy</er>.</def>

<h1>Bought</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bought</hw>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Purchased; bribed.</def>

<h1>Boughten</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bought"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Purchased; not obtained or produced at home.</def>

<i>Coleridge</i>.

<h1>Boughty</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bought"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bending.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Bougie</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bou*gie"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bougie</ets> wax candle, bougie, fr. <ets>Bougie</ets>, <ets>Bugia</ets>, a town of North Africa, from which these candles were first imported into Europe.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A long, flexible instrument, that is</def>

<note>introduced into the urethra, esophagus, etc., to remove obstructions, or for the other purposes. It was originally made of waxed linen rolled into cylindrical form.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Pharm.)</fld> <def>A long slender rod consisting of gelatin or some other substance that melts at the temperature of the body. It is impregnated with medicine, and designed for introduction into urethra, etc.</def>

<h1>Bouilli</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bou`illi"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>bouillir</ets> to boil.]</ety> (<fld>Cookery<fld>) <def>Boiled or stewed meat; beef boiled with vegetables in water from which its gravy is to be made; beef from which bouillon or soup has been made.</def>

<h1>Bouillon</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bou`illon"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>bouillir</ets> to boil.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A nutritious liquid food made by boiling beef, or other meat, in water; a clear soup or broth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An excrescence on a horse's frush or frog.</def>

<h1>Bouk</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bouk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>b\'81c</ets><?/ belly; akin to G. <ets>bauch</ets>, Icel. <ets>b\'81<?/kr</ets> body.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The body.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bulk; volume.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Boul</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Boul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A curved handle.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Boulangerite</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bou*lan"ger*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Boulanger</ets>, a French mineralogist.]</ety> (<fld>Min.</fld>) <def>A mineral of a bluish gray color and metallic luster, usually in plumose masses, also compact.  It is sulphide of antimony and lead.</def>

<h1>Bulder</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bul"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bowlder</er>.</def>

<h1>Bouldery</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Boul"der*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by bowlders.</def>

<h1>Boule, Boulework</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw><hw>Boule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Boule"work`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Buhl</er>, <er>Buhlwork</er>.</def>

<h1>Boulevard</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bou"le*vard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>boulevard</ets>, <ets>boulevart</ets>, fr. G. <ets>bollwerk</ets>. See <er>Bulwark</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, a bulwark or rampart of fortification or fortified town.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A public walk or street occupying the site of demolished fortifications. Hence: A broad avenue in or around a city.</def>

<h1>Bouleversement</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Boule`verse`ment"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>bouleverser</ets> to overthrow.]</ety> <def>Complete overthrow; disorder; a turning upside down.</def>

<h1>Buolt</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Buolt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Corrupted form <er>Bolt</er>.</def>

<h1>Boultel, Boultin</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw><hw>Boul"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Boul"tin</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A molding, the convexity of which is one fourth of a circle, being a member just below the abacus in the Tuscan and Roman Doric capital; a torus; an ovolo.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the shafts of a clustered column.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bowtel</asp>, <asp>boltel</asp>, <asp>boultell</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Boulter</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Boul"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A long, stout fishing line to which many hooks are attached.</def>

<h1>Boun</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Boun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bound</er> ready.]</ety> <def>Ready; prepared; destined; tending.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Boun</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Boun</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make or get ready.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Bounce</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bounce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bounced</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bouncing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bunsen</ets>; cf. D. <ets>bonzen</ets> to strike, bounce, <ets>bons</ets> blow, LG. <ets>bunsen</ets> to knock; all prob. of imitative origin.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike or thump, so as to rebound, or to make a sudden noise; a knock loudly.</def>

<blockquote>Another <b>bounces</b> as hard as he can knock.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Against his bosom <b>bounced</b> his heaving heart.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To leap or spring suddenly or unceremoniously; to bound; <as>as, she <ex>bounced</ex> into the room</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Out <b>bounced</b> the mastiff.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Bounced</b> off his arm+chair.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To boast; to talk big; to bluster.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bounce</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bounce</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>  <p><b>1.</b> <def>To drive against anything suddenly and violently; to bump; to thump.</def>

<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to bound or rebound; sometimes, to toss.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To eject violently, as from a room; to discharge unceremoniously, as from employment.</def> <mark>[Collog. U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To bully; to scold.</def> <mark>[Collog.]</mark>

<i>J. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bounce</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bounce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden leap or bound; a rebound.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A heavy, sudden, and often noisy, blow or thump.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>bounce</b> burst open the door.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An explosion, or the noise of one.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Bluster; brag; untruthful boasting; audacious exaggeration; an impudent lie; a bouncer.</def>

<i>Johnson.  De Quincey.<?/</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dogfish of Europe (<spn>Scyllium catulus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bounce</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bounce</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With a sudden leap; suddenly.</def>

<blockquote>This impudent puppy comes <b>bounce</b> in upon me.
<i>Bickerstaff.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bouncer</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Boun"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>  <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who bounces; a large, heavy person who makes much noise in moving.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A boaster; a bully.</def> <mark>[Collog.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A bold lie; also, a liar.</def> <mark>[Collog.]</mark>

<i>Marryat.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Something big; a good stout example of the kind.</def>

<blockquote>The stone must be a <b>bouncer</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bouncing</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Boun"cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>  <p><b>1.</b> <def>Stout; plump and healthy; lusty; buxom.</def>

<blockquote>Many tall and <b>bouncing</b> young ladies.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Excessive; big.</def> "A <i>bouncing</i> reckoning."

<i>B. & Fl.</i>

<cs><col>Bouncing Bet</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the common soapwort (<spn>Saponaria officinalis</spn>).</cd></cs>

<i>Harper's Mag.</i>

<h1>Bouncingly</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Boun"cing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With a bounce.</def>

<h1>Bound</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bound</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bounde</ets>, <ets>bunne</ets>, OF. <ets>bonne</ets>, <ets>bonde</ets>, <ets>bodne</ets>, F. <ets>borne</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>bodina</ets>, <ets>bodena</ets>, <ets>bonna</ets>; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. Arm. <ets>bonn</ets> boundary, limit, and <ets>boden</ets>, <ets>bod</ets>, a tuft or cluster of trees, by which a boundary or limit could be marked. Cf. <er>Bourne</er>.]</ety> <def>The external or limiting line, either real or imaginary, of any object or space; that which limits or restrains, or within which something is limited or restrained; limit; confine; extent; boundary.</def>

<blockquote>He hath compassed the waters with <b>bounds</b>.
<i>Job xxvi. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>On earth's remotest <b>bounds</b>.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And mete the <b>bounds</b> of hate and love.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To keep within bounds</col>, <cd>not to exceed or pass beyond assigned limits; to act with propriety or discretion</cd>.</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Boundary</er>.</syn>

<h1>Bound</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bound</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bounded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bounding</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To limit; to terminate; to fix the furthest point of extension of; -- said of natural or of moral objects; to lie along, or form, a boundary of; to inclose; to circumscribe; to restrain; to confine.</def>

<blockquote>Where full measure only <b>bounds</b> excess.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Phlegethon . . .
Whose fiery flood the burning empire <b>bounds</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To name the boundaries of; <as>as, to <ex>bound</ex> France</as>.</def>

<h1>Bound</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bound</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bondir</ets> to leap, OF. <ets>bondir</ets>, <ets>bundir</ets>, to leap, resound, fr. L. <ets>bombitare</ets> to buzz, hum, fr. <ets>bombus</ets> a humming, buzzing. See <er>Bomb</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To move with a sudden spring or leap, or with a succession of springs or leaps; as the beast <i>bounded</i> from his den; the herd <i>bounded</i> across the plain.</def>

<blockquote>Before his lord the ready spaniel <b>bounds</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And the waves <b>bound</b> beneath me as a steed
That knows his rider.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rebound, as an elastic ball.</def>

<h1>Bound</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bound</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>  <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make to bound or leap; <as>as, to bound a horse</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to rebound; to throw so that it will rebound; <as>as, to <ex>bound</ex> a ball on the floor</as>.</def> <mark>[Collog.]</mark>

<h1>Bound</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bound</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>  <p><b>1.</b> <def>A leap; an elastic spring; a jump.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>bound</b> of graceful hardihood.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rebound; <as>as, the <ex>bound</ex> of a ball</as>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Dancing)</fld> <def>Spring from one foot to the other.</def>

<h1>Bound</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bound</hw>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Bind</er>.</def>

<h1>Bound</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bound</hw>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt>  <p><b>1.</b> <def>Restrained by a hand, rope, chain, fetters, or the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inclosed in a binding or cover; <as>as, a <ex>bound</ex> volume</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Under legal or moral restraint or obligation.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Constrained or compelled; destined; certain; -- followed by the infinitive; <as>as, he is <ex>bound</ex> to succeed; he is <ex>bound</ex> to fail.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Resolved; <as>as, I am <ex>bound</ex> to do it</as>.</def> <mark>[Collog. U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Constipated; costive.</def>

<note>&hand; Used also in composition; as, ice<i>bound</i>, wind<i>bound</i>, hide<i>bound</i>, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Bound bailiff</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a sheriff's officer who serves writs, makes arrests, etc. The sheriff being answerable for the bailiff's misdemeanors, the bailiff is usually under <i>bond<i> for the faithful discharge of his trust.</cd> -- <col>Bound up in</col>, <cd>entirely devoted to; inseparable from</cd>.</cs>

<h1>Bound</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bound</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Past p. of OE. <ets>bounen</ets> to prepare, fr. <ets>boun</ets> ready, prepared, fr. Icel. <ets>b\'81<?/inn</ets>, p. p. of <ets>b\'81a</ets><?/ to dwell, prepare; akin to E. <ets>boor</ets> and <ets>bower</ets>. See <er>Bond</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Busk</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ready or intending to go; on the way toward; going; -- with <i>to</i> or <i>for</i>, or with an adverb of motion; <as>as, a ship is <ex>bound</ex> to Cadiz, or <ex>for</ex> Cadiz</as>.</def> "The mariner <i>bound</i> homeward."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Boundary</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bound"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Boundaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu> <ety>[From <er>Bound</er> a limit; cf. LL. <i>bonnarium</i> piece of land with fixed limits.]</ety> <def>That which indicates or fixes a limit or extent, or marks a bound, as of a territory; a bounding or separating line; a real or imaginary limit.</def>

<blockquote>But still his native country lies
Beyond the <b>boundaries</b> of the skies.
<i>N. Cotton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote> That bright and tranquil stream, the <b>boundary</b> of Louth and Meath.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sensation and reflection are the <b>boundaries</b> of our thoughts.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Limit; bound; border; term; termination; barrier; verge; confines; precinct.</syn> <usage><er>Bound</er>, <er>Boundary</er>. <i>Boundary</i>, in its original and strictest sense, is a visible object or mark indicating a limit. <i>Bound</i> is the limit itself. But in ordinary usage the two words are made interchangeable.</usage>

<h1>Bounden</h1>
<Xpage=170>

<hw>Bound"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p.p & a.</tt> <ety>[Old. p. p. of <ets>bind</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Bound; fastened by bonds.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="171">
Page 171<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Under obligation; bound by some favor rendered; obliged; beholden.</def>

<blockquote>This holy word, that teacheth us truly our <b>bounden</b> duty toward our Lord God in every point.
<i>Ridley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Made obligatory; imposed as a duty; binding.</def>

<blockquote>I am much <b>bounden</b> to your majesty.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bounder</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bound"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, limits; a boundary.</def>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Bounding</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bound"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Moving with a bound or bounds.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>bounding</b> pulse, the languid limb.
<i>Montgomery.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boundless</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bound"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without bounds or confines; illimitable; vast; unlimited.</def> "The <i>boundless</i> sky." <i>Bryant.</i>  "The <i>boundless</i> ocean." <i>Dryden.</i>  "<i>Boundless</i> rapacity."  "<i>Boundless</i> prospect of gain."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Unlimited; unconfined; immeasurable; illimitable; infinite.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Bound"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Bound"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bounteous</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Boun"te*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bountevous</ets>, fr. <ets>bounte</ets> bounty.]</ety> <def>Liberal in charity; disposed to give freely; generously liberal; munificent; beneficent; free in bestowing gifts; <as>as, <ex>bounteous</ex> production</as>.</def>

<blockquote>But O, thou <b>bounteous</b> Giver of all good.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Boun"te*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Boun"te*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bountiful</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Boun"ti*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Free in giving; liberal in bestowing gifts and favors.</def>

<blockquote>God, the <b>bountiful</b> Author of our being.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Plentiful; abundant; <as>as, a <ex>bountiful</ex> supply of food</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Liberal; munificent; generous; bounteous.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Boun"ti*ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Boun"ti*ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bountihead, Bountyhood</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw><hw>Boun"ti*head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Boun"ty*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Goodness; generosity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bounty</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Boun"ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bounties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>bounte</ets> goodness, kindness, F. <ets>bont\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bonitas</ets>, fr. <ets>bonus</ets> good, for older <ets>duonus</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>duvas</ets> honor, respect.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Goodness, kindness; virtue; worth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Nature set in her at once beauty with <b>bounty</b>.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Liberality in bestowing gifts or favors; gracious or liberal giving; generosity; munificence.</def>

<blockquote>My <b>bounty</b> is as boundless as the sea.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is given generously or liberally.</def> "Thy morning <i>bounties</i>."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A premium offered or given to induce men to enlist into the public service; or to encourage any branch of industry, as husbandry or manufactures.</def>

<cs><col>Bounty jumper</col>, <cd>one who, during the latter part of the Civil War, enlisted in the United States service, and deserted as soon as possible after receiving the bounty.</cd> <mark>[Collog.]</mark> -- <col>Queen Anne's bounty</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a provision made in Queen Anne's reign for augmenting poor clerical livings.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Munificence; generosity; beneficence.</syn>

<h1>Bouquet</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bou*quet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bouquet</ets> bunch, bunch of flowers, trees, feathers, for <ets>bousquet</ets>, <ets>bosquet</ets>, thicket, a little wood, dim. of LL. <ets>boscus</ets>. See <er>Bush</er> thicket, and cf. <er>Bosket</er>, <er>Busket</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A nosegay; a bunch of flowers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A perfume; an aroma; <as>as, the <ex>bouquet</ex> of wine</as>.</def>

<h1>Bouquetin</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bou`que*tin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ibex.</def>

<h1>Bour</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bower</er> a chamber.]</ety> <def>A chamber or a cottage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bourbon</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bour"bon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the castle and seigniory of <ets>Bourbon</ets> in central France.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A member of a family which has occupied several European thrones, and whose descendants still claim the throne of France.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A politician who is behind the age; a ruler or politician who neither forgets nor learns anything; an obstinate conservative.</def>

<h1>Bourbonism</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bour"bon*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles of those adhering to the house of Bourbon; obstinate conservatism.</def>

<h1>Bourbonist</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bour"bon*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adheres to the house of Bourbon; a legitimist.</def>

<h1>Bourbon whisky</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bour"bon whis"ky</hw>. <def>See under <er>Whisky</er>.</def>

<h1>Bourd</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bourd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bourde</ets> fib, lie, OF. <ets>borde</ets>, <ets>bourde</ets>, jest, joke.]</ety> <def>A jest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bourd</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bourd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To jest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bourder</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bourd"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A jester.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bourdon</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bour"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>burdo</ets> mule, esp. one used for carrying litters. Cf. Sp. <ets>muleta</ets> a young she mule; also, crutch, prop.]</ety> <def>A pilgrim's staff.</def>

<h1>Bourdon</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bour"don`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Burden</er> a refrain.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A drone bass, as in a bagpipe, or a hurdy-gurdy. See <er>Burden</er> (of a song.)</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A kind of organ stop.</def>

<h1>Bourgeois</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bour*geois"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From a French type founder named <ets>Bourgeois</ets>, or fr. F. <ets>bourgeois</ets> of the middle class; hence applied to an intermediate size of type between brevier and long primer: cf. G. <ets>bourgeois</ets>, <ets>borgis</ets>. Cf. <er>Burgess</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A size of type between long primer and brevier. See <er>Type</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; <bourgeoistype>This line is printed in <i>bourgeois</i> type.</bourgeoistype></note>

<h1>Bourgeois</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bour*geois"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>bourg</ets> town; of German origin. See <er>Burgess</er>.]</ety> <def>A man of middle rank in society; one of the shopkeeping class.</def> <mark>[France.]</mark>

<def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Characteristic of the middle class, as in France.</def></def2>

<h1>Bourgeoisie</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bour*geoi*sie"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The French middle class, particularly such as are concerned in, or dependent on, trade.</def>

<h1>Bourgeon</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bour"geon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>burjoun</ets> a bud, <ets>burjounen</ets> to bud, F. <ets>bourgeon</ets> a bud, <ets>bourgeonner</ets> to bud; cf. OHG. <ets>burjan</ets> to raise.]</ety> <def>To sprout; to put forth buds; to shoot forth, as a branch.</def>

<blockquote>Gayly to <b>bourgeon</b> and broadly to grow.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bouri</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bou"ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mullet (<spn>Mugil capito</spn>) found in the rivers of Southern Europe and in Africa.</def>

<h1>Bourn, Bourne</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw><hw>Bourn</hw>, <hw>Bourne</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>burne</ets>, <ets>borne</ets>, AS. <ets>burna</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>brunno</ets> spring, G. <ets>born</ets>, <ets>brunnen</ets>, OHG. <ets>prunno</ets>, Goth. <ets>brunna</ets>, Icel. <ets>brunnr</ets>, and perh. to Gr. <?/. The root is prob. that of <ets>burn</ets>, v., because the source of a stream seems to issue forth bubbling and boiling from the earth. Cf. <er>Torrent</er>, and see <er>Burn</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>A stream or rivulet; a burn.</def>

<blockquote>My little boat can safely pass this perilous <b>bourn</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bourn, Bourne</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw><hw>Bourn</hw>, <hw>Bourne</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>borne</ets>. See <er>Bound</er> a limit.]</ety> <def>A bound; a boundary; a limit. Hence: Point aimed at; goal.</def>

<blockquote>Where the land slopes to its watery <b>bourn</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The undiscovered country, from whose <b>bourn</b>
No traveler returns.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sole <b>bourn</b>, sole wish, sole object of my song.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To make the doctrine . . . their intellectual <b>bourne</b>.
<i>Tyndall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bournless</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bourn"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a bourn or limit.</def>

<h1>Bournonite</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bour"non*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after <er>Count<?/</er> <ets>Bournon</ets>, a minerologist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a steel-gray to black color and metallic luster, occurring crystallized, often in twin crystals shaped like cogwheels (wheel ore), also massive. It is a sulphide of antimony, lead, and copper.</def>

<h1>Bournous</h1>
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<hw>Bour*nous"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Burnoose</er>.</def>

<h1>Bourr\'82e</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bour*r\'82e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An old French dance tune in common time.</def>

<h1>Bourse</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bourse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bourse</ets> purse, exchange, LL. <ets>bursa</ets>, fr. Gr.<?/ skin, hide, of which a purse was usually made. Cf. <er>Purse</er>, <er>Burse</er>.]</ety> <def>An exchange, or place where merchants, bankers, etc., meet for business at certain hours; esp., the Stock Exchange of Paris.</def>

<h1>Bouse</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bouse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To drink immoderately; to carouse; to booze. See <er>Booze</er>.</def>

<h1>Bouse</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bouse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Drink, esp. alcoholic drink; also, a carouse; a booze.</def> "A good <i>bouse</i> of liquor."

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Bouser</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bous"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A toper; a boozer.</def>

<h1>Boustrophedon</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bou`stro*phe"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ turning like oxen in plowing; <?/ to turn.]</ety> <def>An ancient mode of writing, in alternate directions, one line from left to right, and the next from right to left (as fields are plowed), as in early Greek and Hittite.</def>

<h1>Boustrophedonic</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bou*stroph`e*don"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the boustrophedon made of writing.</def>

<h1>Boustorphic</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bou*storph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ <?/ox-guiding.]</ety> <def>Boustrophedonic.</def>

<h1>Bousy</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bousy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Drunken; sotted; boozy.</def>

<blockquote>In his cups the <b>bousy</b> poet songs.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bout</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bout</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A different spelling and application of <ets>bought</ets> bend.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>As much of an action as is performed at one time; a going and returning, as of workmen in reaping, mowing, etc.; a turn; a round.</def>

<blockquote>In notes with many a winding <b>bout</b>
Of linked sweetness long drawn out.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The prince . . . has taken me in his train, so that I am in no danger of starving for this <b>bout</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A conflict; contest; attempt; trial; a set-to at anything; <as>as, a fencing <ex>bout</ex>; a drinking <ex>bout</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The gentleman will, for his honor's sake, have one <b>bout</b> with you; he can not by the duello avoid it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boutade</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bou*tade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>bouter</ets> to thrust. See <er>Butt</er>.]</ety> <def>An outbreak; a caprice; a whim.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Boutefeu</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Boute"feu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.; <ets>bouter</ets> to thrust, put + <ets>feu</ets> fire.]</ety> <def>An incendiary; an inciter of quarrels.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Animated by . . . John \'85 Chamber, a very <b>boutefeu</b>, . . . they entered into open rebellion.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boutonni\'8are</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bou`ton`ni\'8are"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., buttonhole.]</ety> <def>A bouquet worn in a buttonhole.</def>

<h1>Bouts-rim\'82s</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bouts`-ri*m\'82s"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bout</ets> end + <ets>rim\'82</ets> rhymed.]</ety> <def>Words that rhyme, proposed as the ends of verses, to be filled out by the ingenuity of the person to whom they are offered.</def>

<h1>Bovate</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bo"vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>bovata</ets>, fr. <ets>bos</ets>, <ets>bovis</ets>, ox.]</ety> <fld>(O.Eng.Law.)</fld> <def>An oxgang, or as much land as an ox can plow in a year; an ancient measure of land, of indefinite quantity, but usually estimated at fifteen acres.</def>

<h1>Bovey coal</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bo"vey coal`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A kind of mineral coal, or brown lignite, burning with a weak flame, and generally a disagreeable odor; -- found at <ets>Bovey</ets> Tracey, Devonshire, England. It is of geological age of the o\'94lite, and not of the true coal era.</def>

<h1>Bovid</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bo"vid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bos</ets>, <ets>bovis</ets>, ox, cow.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Relating to that tribe of ruminant mammals of which the genus <spn>Bos</spn> is the type.</def>

<h1>Boviform</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bo"vi*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bos</ets>, <ets>bovis</ets>, ox + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling an ox in form; ox-shaped.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Bovine</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bo"vine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>bovinus</ets>, fr.L. <ets>bos</ets>, <ets>bovis</ets>, ox, cow: cf. F. <ets>bovine</ets>. See <er>Cow</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>of or pertaining to the genus <i>Bos</i>; relating to, or resembling, the ox or cow; oxlike; <as>as, the <ex>bovine</ex> genus; a <ex>bovine</ex> antelope.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having qualities characteristic of oxen or cows; sluggish and patient; dull; <as>as, a <ex>bovine</ex> temperament</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>bovine</b> gaze of gaping rustics.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bow</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bow</hw> <tt>(bou)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bowed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bowen</ets>, <ets>bogen</ets>, <ets>bugen</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'d4gan</ets> (generally v.i.); akin to D. <ets>buigen</ets>, OHG. <ets>biogan</ets>, G. <ets>biegen</ets>, <ets>beugen</ets>, Icel. <ets>boginn</ets> bent, <ets>beygja</ets> to bend, Sw. <ets>b\'94ja</ets>, Dan. <ets>b\'94ie</ets>, <ets>bugne</ets>, Coth. <ets>biugan</ets>; also to L. <ets>fugere</ets> to flee, Gr. <?/, and Skr. <ets>bhuj</ets> to bend. &root;88. Cf. <er>Fugitive</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to deviate from straightness; to bend; to inflect; to make crooked or curved.</def>

<blockquote>We <b>bow</b> things the contrary way, to make them come to their natural straightness.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The whole nation <b>bowed</b> their necks to the worst kind of tyranny.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exercise powerful or controlling influence over; to bend, figuratively; to turn; to incline.</def>

<blockquote>Adversities do more <b>bow</b> men's minds to religion.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Not to <b>bow</b> and bias their opinions.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bend or incline, as the head or body, in token of respect, gratitude, assent, homage, or condescension.</def>

<blockquote>They came to meet him, and <b>bowed</b> themselves to the ground before him.
<i>2 Kings ii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cause to bend down; to prostrate; to depress,;<?/ to crush; to subdue.</def>

<blockquote>Whose heavy hand hath <b>bowed</b> you to the grave.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To express by bowing; <as>as, to <ex>bow</ex> one's thanks</as>.</def>

<h1>Bow</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bow</hw> <tt>(bou)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bend; to curve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stop.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>They stoop, they <b>bow</b> down together.
<i>Is. xlvi. 2<?/</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bend the head, knee, or body, in token of reverence or submission; -- often with <i>down</i>.</def>

<blockquote>O come, let us worship and <b>bow</b> down: let us kneel before the Lord our maker.
<i>Ps. xcv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To incline the head in token of salutation, civility, or assent; to make bow.</def>

<blockquote>Admired, adored by all circling crowd,
For wheresoe'er she turned her face, they <b>bowed</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bow</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bow</hw> <tt>(bou)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inclination of the head, or a bending of the body, in token of reverence, respect, civility, or submission; an obeisance; <as>as, a <ex>bow</ex> of deep humility</as>.</def>

<h1>Bow</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bow</hw> <tt>(b\'d3)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bowe</ets>, <ets>boge</ets>, AS. <ets>boga</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>b\'81<?/gan</ets> to bend; akin to D. <ets>boog</ets>, G. <ets>bogen</ets>, Icel. <ets>bogi</ets>. See <er>Bow</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything bent, or in the form of a curve, as the rainbow.</def>

<blockquote>I do set my <b>bow</b> in the cloud.
<i>Gen. ix. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A weapon made of a strip of wood, or other elastic material, with a cord connecting the two ends, by means of which an arrow is propelled.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An ornamental knot, with projecting lops, formed by doubling a ribbon or string.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The U-shaped piece which embraces the neck of an ox and fastens it to the yoke.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An appliance consisting of an elastic rod, with a number of horse hairs stretched from end to end of it, used in playing on a stringed instrument.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An acrograph.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mech. & Manuf.)</fld> <def>Any instrument consisting of an elastic rod, with ends connected by a string, employed for giving reciprocating motion to a drill, or for preparing and arranging the hair, fur, etc., used by hatters.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rude sort of quadrant formerly used for taking the sun's altitude at sea.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Saddlery)</fld> <tt>sing. or pl.</tt> <def>Two pieces of wood which form the arched forward part of a saddletree.</def>

<cs><col>Bow bearer</col> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>an under officer of the forest who looked after trespassers.</cd> -- <col>Bow drill</col>, <cd>a drill worked by a bow and string.</cd> -- <col>Bow instrument</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>any stringed instrument from which the tones are produced by the bow.</cd> -- <col>Bow window</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Bay window</er>.</cd> -- <col>To draw a long bow</col>, <cd>to lie; to exaggerate.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Bow</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bow</hw> <tt>(b\'d3)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bowed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bowing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To play (music) with a bow.</def> -- <def2><tt>v. i. </tt> <def>To manage the bow.</def></def2>

<h1>Bow</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bow</hw> <tt>(b\'d3)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>b\'d3gr</ets> shoulder, bow of a ship. See <er>Bough</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The bending or rounded part of a ship forward; the stream or prow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One who rows in the forward part of a boat; the bow oar.</def>

<cs><col>Bow chaser</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a gun in the bow for firing while chasing another vessel.</cd></cs>

<i> Totten.</i>

<cs>- <col>Bow piece</col>, <cd>a piece of ordnance carried at the bow of a ship.</cd> -- <col>On the bow</col> (<fld>Naut</fdl>.), <cd>on that part of the horizon within 45&deg; on either side of the line ahead.</cd>

<i>Totten.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Bowable</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bow"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being bowed or bent; flexible; easily influenced; yielding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bowbell</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bow"bell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One born within hearing distance of Bow-bells; a cockney.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Bow-bells</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bow"-bells`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>The bells of Bow Church in London; cockneydom.</def>

<blockquote>People born within the sound of <b>Bow-bells</b> are usually called cockneys.
<i>Murray's Handbook of London.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bowbent</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bow"bent`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bent, like a bow.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bow-compass</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bow"-com`pass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bow-compasses</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An arcograph.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small pair of compasses, one leg of which carries a pencil, or a pen, for drawing circles. Its legs are often connected by a bow-shaped spring, instead of by a joint.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pair of compasses, with a bow or arched plate riveted to one of the legs, and passing through the other.</def>

<h1>Bowel</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bow"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bouel</ets>, <ets>bouele</ets>, OF. <ets>boel</ets>, <ets>boele</ets>, F. <ets>boyau</ets>, fr. L. <ets>botellus</ets> a small sausage, in LL. also intestine, dim. of L. <ets>botulus</ets> sausage.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the intestines of an animal; an entrail, especially of man; a gut; -- generally used in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>He burst asunder in the midst, and all his <b>bowels</b> gushed out.
<i>Acts i. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Hence, figuratively: The interior part of anything; <as>as, the <ex>bowels</ex> of the earth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His soldiers . . . cried out amain,
And rushed into the <b>bowels</b> of the battle.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The seat of pity or kindness. Hence: Tenderness; compassion.</def> "Thou thing of no <i>bowels</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Bloody Bonner, that corpulent tyrant, full (as one said) of guts, and empty of <b>bowels</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Offspring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bowel</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bow"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Boweled</er> or <er>Bowelled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr.& vb. n.</tt> <er>Boweling</er> or <er>Bowelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To take out the bowels of; to eviscerate; to disembowel.</def>

<h1>Boweled</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bow"eled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bowelled</asp>.]</altsp> <def>Having bowels; hollow.</def> "The <i>boweled</i> cavern."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Bowelless</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bow"el*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without pity.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Bowenite</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bow"en*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From G.T.<ets>Bowen</ets>, who analyzed it in 1822.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hard, compact variety of serpentine found in Rhode Island. It is of a light green color and resembles jade.</def>

<h1>Bower</h1>
<Xpage=171>

<hw>Bo"wer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bow</er>, <tt>v. & n</tt>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who bows or bends.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An anchor carried at the bow of a ship.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A muscle that bends a limb, esp. the arm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His rawbone arms, whose mighty brawned <b>bowers</b>

<blockquote>Were wont to rive steel plates and helmets hew.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Best bower</col>, <col>Small bower</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>the Note under Anchor</er>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="172">
Page 172<p>

<h1>Bower</h1>
<Xpage=172>

<hw>Bow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>bauer</ets> a peasant. So called from the figure sometimes used for the knave in cards. See <er>Boor</er>.]</ety> <def>One of the two highest cards in the pack commonly used in the game of euchre.</def>

<cs><col>Right bower</col>, <cd>the knave of the trump suit, the highest card (except the "Joker") in the game.</cd> -- <col>Left bower</col>, <cd>the knave of the other suit of the same color as the trump, being the next to the right bower in value.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Best bower</col> or <col>Joker</col></mcol>, <cd>in some forms of euchre and some other games, an extra card sometimes added to the pack, which takes precedence of all others as the highest card.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bower</h1>
<Xpage=172>

<hw>Bow"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bour</ets>, <ets>bur</ets>, room, dwelling, AS. <ets>b\'d4r</ets>, fr. the root of AS. <ets>b\'d4an</ets> to dwell; akin to Icel. <ets>b\'d4r</ets> chamber, storehouse, Sw. <ets>b\'d4r</ets> cage, Dan. <ets>buur</ets>, OHG. <ets>p\'d4r</ets> room, G. <ets>bauer</ets> cage, <ets>bauer</ets> a peasant. \'fb97] Cf.<er>Boor</er>, <er>Byre</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Anciently, a chamber; a lodging room; esp., a lady's private apartment.</def>

<blockquote>Give me my lute in bed now as I lie,
And lock the doors of mine unlucky <b>bower</b>.
<i>Gascoigne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rustic cottage or abode; poetically, an attractive abode or retreat.</def>

<i>Shenstone.  B. Johnson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A shelter or covered place in a garden, made with boughs of trees or vines, etc., twined together; an arbor; a shady recess.</def>

<h1>Bower</h1>
<Xpage=172>

<hw>Bow"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To embower; to inclose.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bower</h1>
<Xpage=172>

<hw>Bow"er</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lodge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Bower</h1>
<Xpage=172>

<hw>Bow"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bough</er>, cf. <er>Brancher</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>A young hawk, when it begins to leave the nest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bower bird</h1>
<Xpage=172>

<hw>Bow"er bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Australian bird (<spn>Ptilonorhynchus violaceus</spn> or <spn>holosericeus</spn>), allied to the starling, which constructs singular bowers or playhouses of twigs and decorates them with brightcolored objects; the satin bird.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also applied to other related birds of the same region, having similar habits; as, the spotted <i>bower bird</i> (<spn>Chalmydodera maculata</spn>), and the regent bird (<spn>Sericulus melinus</spn>).</note>

<h1>Bowery</h1>
<Xpage=172>

<hw>Bow"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shading, like a bower; full of bowers.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>bowery</b> maze that shades the purple streams.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bowery</h1>
<Xpage=172>

<hw>Bow"er*y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.</plu> <plw>Boweries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>bouwerij</ets>.]</ety> <def>A farm or plantation with its buildings.</def> <mark>[U.S.Hist.]</mark>

<blockquote>The emigrants [in New York] were scattered on <b>boweries</b> or plantations; and seeing the evils of this mode of living widely apart, they were advised, in 1643 and 1646, by the Dutch authorities, to gather into "villages, towns, and hamlets, as the English were in the habit of doing."
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bowery</h1>
<Xpage=172>

<hw>Bow"er*y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characteristic of the street called the <er>Bowery</er>, in New York city; swaggering; flashy.</def>

<h1>Bowess</h1>
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<hw>Bow"ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Bower</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bowfin</h1>
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<hw>Bow"fin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A voracious ganoid fish (<spn>Amia calva</spn>) found in the fresh waters of the United States; the mudfish; -- called also <altname>Johnny Grindle</altname>, and <altname>dogfish</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bowge</h1>
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<hw>Bowge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To swell out. See <er>Bouge</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bowge</h1>
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<hw>Bowge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to leak. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Bouge</er>.</def>

<h1>Bowgrace</h1>
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<hw>Bow"grace`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A frame or fender of rope or junk, laid out at the sides or bows of a vessel to secure it from injury by floating ice.</def>

<h1>Bow hand</h1>
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<hw>Bow" hand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Archery)</fld> <def>The hand that holds the bow, <it>i. e.</it>, the left hand.</def>

<blockquote>Surely he shoots wide on the <b>bow hand</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The hand that draws the bow, <it>i. e.</it>, the right hand.</def>

<h1>Bowhead</h1>
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<hw>Bow"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The great Arctic or Greenland whale. (<spn>Bal\'91na mysticetus</spn>). See <er>Baleen</er>, and <er>Whale</er>.</def>

<h1>Bowie knife</h1>
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<hw>Bow"ie knife`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A knife with a strong blade from ten to fifteen inches long, and double-edged near the point; -- used as a hunting knife, and formerly as a weapon in the southwestern part of the United States. It was named from its inventor, Colonel James <ets>Bowie</ets>.  Also, by extension, any large sheath knife.</def>

<h1>Bowing</h1>
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<hw>Bow"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or art of managing the bow in playing on stringed instruments.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bowing</b> constitutes a principal part of the art of the violinist, the violist, etc.
<i>J. W. Moore.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In hatmaking, the act or process of separating and distributing the fur or hair by means of a bow, to prepare it for felting.</def>

<h1>Bowingly</h1>
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<hw>Bow"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a bending manner.</def>

<h1>Bowknot</h1>
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<hw>Bow"knot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A knot in which a portion of the string is drawn through in the form of a loop or bow, so as to be readily untied.</def>

<h1>Bowl</h1>
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<hw>Bowl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bolle</ets>, AS. <ets>bolla</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bolli</ets>, Dan. <ets>bolle</ets>, G. <ets>bolle</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>boil</ets> a tumor. Cf. <er>Boll</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A concave vessel of various forms (often approximately hemisherical), to hold liquids, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Brought them food in <b>bowls</b> of basswood.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, a drinking vessel for wine or other spirituous liquors; hence, convival drinking.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The contents of a full bowl; what a bowl will hold.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The bollow part of a thing; <as>as, the <ex>bowl</ex> of a spoon</as>.</def>

<h1>Bowl</h1>
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<hw>Bowl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>boule</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bulla</ets> bubble, stud. Cf. <er>Bull</er> an edict, <er>Bill</er> a writing.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A ball of wood or other material used for rolling on a level surface in play; a ball of hard wood having one side heavier than the other, so as to give it a bias when rolled.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An ancient game, popular in Great Britain, played with biased balls on a level plat of greensward.</def>

<blockquote>Like an uninstructed bowler, . . . who thinks to attain the jack by delivering his <b>bowl</b> straightforward upon it.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl</pluf>. <def>The game of tenpins or bowling.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Bowl</h1>
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<hw>Bowl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bowled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bowling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To roll, as a bowl or cricket ball.</def>

<blockquote>Break all the spokes and fellies from her wheel,
And <b>bowl</b> the round nave down the hill of heaven.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To roll or carry smoothly on, or as on, wheels; <as>as, we were <ex>bowled</ex> rapidly along the road</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pelt or strike with anything rolled.</def>

<blockquote>Alas, I had rather be set quick i' the earth,
And <b>bowled</b> to death with turnips<?/
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To bowl</col> (a player) <col>out</col></mcol>, <cd>in cricket, to put out a striker by knocking down a bail or a stump in bowling.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bowl</h1>
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<hw>Bowl</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>  <p><b>1.</b> <def>To play with bowls.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To roll a ball on a plane, as at cricket, bowls, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To move rapidly, smoothly, and like a ball; <as>as, the carriage <ex>bowled</ex> along</as>.</def>

<h1>Bowlder, Boulder</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bowl"der</hw>, <hw>Boul"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>bullra</ets> to roar, rattle, Dan. <ets>buldre</ets>, dial. Sw. <ets>bullersteen</ets> larger kind of pebbles; perh. akin to E. <ets>bellow</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A large stone, worn smooth or rounded by the action of water; a large pebble.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A mass of any rock, whether rounded or not, that has been transported by natural agencies from its native bed. See <er>Drift</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Bowlder clay</col>, <cd>the unstratified clay deposit of the Glacial or Drift epoch, often containing large numbers of bowlders.</cd> -- <col>Bowlder wall</col>, <cd>a wall constructed of large stones or bowlders.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bowldery</h1>
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<hw>Bowl"der*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by bowlders.</def>

<h1>Bowleg</h1>
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<hw>Bow"leg`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A crooked leg.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Bowl-legged</h1>
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<hw>Bowl"-legged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having crooked legs, esp. with the knees bent outward.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Bowler</h1>
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<hw>Bowl"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who plays at bowls, or who rolls the ball in cricket or any other game.</def>

<h1>Bowless</h1>
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<hw>Bow"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of a bow.</def>

<h1>Bowline</h1>
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<hw>Bow"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>boelijn</ets>, Icel. <ets>b\'94gl\'8bna</ets><?/, Dan. <ets>bovline</ets>; properly the line attached to the shoulder or side of the sail. See <er>Bow</er> (of a ship), and <er>Line</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope fastened near the middle of the leech or perpendicular edge of the square sails, by subordinate ropes, called <i>bridles</i>, and used to keep the weather edge of the sail tight forward, when the ship is closehauled.</def>

<cs><col>Bowline bridles</col>, <cd>the ropes by which the bowline is fastened to the leech of the sail.</cd> -- <col>Bowline knot</col>. <cd>See <i>Illust<i>. <er>under Knot</er>.</cd> -- <col>On a bowline</col>, <cd>close-hauled or sailing close to the wind; -- said of a ship.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bowling</h1>
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<hw>Bowl"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of playing at or rolling bowls, or of rolling the ball at cricket; the game of bowls or of tenpins.</def>

<cs><col>Bowling alley</col>, <cd>a covered place for playing at bowls or tenpins.</cd> -- <col>Bowling green</col>, <cd>a level piece of greensward or smooth ground for bowling, as the small park in lower Broadway, New York, where the Dutch of New Amsterdam played this game.<?/</cd></cs>

<h1>Bowls</h1>
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<hw>Bowls</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Bowl</er>, a ball, a game.</def>

<h1>Bowman</h1>
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<hw>Bow"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bowmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man who uses a bow; an archer.</def>

<blockquote>The whole city shall flee for the noise of the horsemen and <b>bowmen</b>.
<i>Jer. iv. 29.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bowman's root</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Indian physic</cref>, under <er>Indian</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bowman</h1>
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<hw>Bow"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The man who rows the foremost oar in a boat; the bow oar.</def>

<h1>Bowne</h1>
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<hw>Bowne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Boun</er>.]</ety> <def>To make ready; to prepare; to dress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We will all <b>bowne</b> ourselves for the banquet.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bow net</h1>
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<hw>Bow" net`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>.</def>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A trap for lobsters, being a wickerwork cylinder with a funnel-shaped entrance at one end.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A net for catching birds.</def>

<i> J. H. Walsh.</i>

<h1>Bow oar</h1>
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<hw>Bow" oar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>.</def>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The oar used by the bowman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who rows at the bow of a boat.</def>

<h1>Bow-pen</h1>
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<hw>Bow"-pen`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bow-compasses carrying a drawing pen. See <er>Bow-compass</er>.</def>

<h1>Bow-pencil</h1>
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<hw>Bow"-pen`cil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bow-compasses, one leg of which carries a pencil.</def>

<h1>Bow-saw</h1>
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<hw>Bow"-saw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A saw with a thin or narrow blade set in a strong frame.</def>

<h1>Bowse</h1>
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<hw>Bowse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Booze</er>, and <er>Bouse</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To carouse; to bouse; to booze.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To pull or haul; <as>as, to <ex>bowse</ex> upon a tack; to <ex>bowse</ex> away, <it>i. e.</it>, to pull all together.</as></def>

<h1>Bowse</h1>
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<hw>Bowse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A carouse; a drinking bout; a booze.</def>

<h1>Bowshot</h1>
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<hw>Bow"shot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The distance traversed by an arrow shot from a bow.</def>

<h1>Bowsprit</h1>
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<hw>Bow"sprit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Bow</ets> + <ets>sprit</ets>; akin to D.<ets>boegspriet</ets>; <ets>boeg</ets> bow of a ship + <ets>spriet</ets>, E. <ets>sprit</ets>, also Sw. <ets>bogspr\'94t</ets>, G. <ets>bugspriet</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A large boom or spar, which projects over the stem of a ship or other vessel, to carry sail forward.</def>

<h1>Bowssen</h1>
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<hw>Bows"sen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To drench; to soak; especially, to immerse (in water believed to have curative properties).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There were many <b>bowssening</b> places, for curing of mad men.
 . . . If there appeared small amendment he was <b>bowssened</b> again and again.
<i>Carew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bowstring</h1>
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<hw>Bow"string`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>  <p><b>1.</b> <def>The string of a bow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A string used by the Turks for strangling offenders.</def>

<cs><col>Bowstring bridge</col>, <cd>a bridge formed of an arch of timber or iron, often braced, the thrust of which is resisted by a tie forming a chord of the arch.</cd> -- <col>Bowstring girder</col>, <cd>an arched beam strengthened by a tie connecting its two ends.</cd> -- <col>Bowstring hemp</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the tenacious fiber of the <spn>Sanseviera Zeylanica</spn>, growing in India and Africa, from which bowstrings are made.</cd></cs>

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Bowstring</h1>
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<hw>Bow"string`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bowstringed</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt> &or; <er>Bowstrung</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bowstringing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strangle with a bowstring.</def>

<h1>Bowstringed</h1>
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<hw>Bow"stringed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p.a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Furnished with bowstring.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Put to death with a bowstring; strangled.</def>

<h1>Bowtel</h1>
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<hw>Bow"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Boultel</er>.</def>

<h1>Bowwow</h1>
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<hw>Bow"wow`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An onomatopoetic name for a dog or its bark.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def> Onomatopoetic; <as>as, the <ex>bowwow</ex> theory of language; a <ex>bowwow</ex> word.</as></def></def2> <mark>[Jocose.]</mark>

<h1>Bowyer</h1>
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<hw>Bow"yer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bow</er>, like <ets>lawyer</ets> from <ets>law</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An archer; one who uses bow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who makes or sells bows.</def>

<h1>Box</h1>
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<hw>Box</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[As. <ets>box</ets>, L. <ets>buxus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Box</er> a case.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree or shrub, flourishing in different parts of the world. The common box (<spn>Buxus sempervirens</spn>) has two varieties, one of which, the dwaft box <spn>(B.suffruticosa)</spn>, is much used for borders in gardens. The wood of the tree varieties, being very hard and smooth, is extensively used in the arts, as by turners, engravers, mathematical instrument makers, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Box elder</col>, <cd>the ash-leaved maple (<spn>Negundo aceroides</spn>), of North America.</cd> -- <col>Box holly</col>, <cd>the butcher's broom (<spn>Russus aculeatus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Box thorn</col>, <cd>a shrub (<spn>Lycium barbarum</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Box tree</col>, <cd>the tree variety of the common box.</cd></cs>

<h1>Box</h1>
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<hw>Box</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Boxes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu> <ety>[As. <ets>box</ets> a small case or vessel with a cover; akin to OHG. <ets>buhsa</ets> box, G. <ets>b\'81chse</ets>; fr. L. <ets>buxus</ets> boxwood, anything made of boxwood. See <er>Pyx</er>, and cf. <er>Box</er> a tree, <er>Bushel</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A receptacle or case of any firm material and of various shapes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quantity that a box contain.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A space with a few seats partitioned off in a theater, or other place of public amusement.</def>

<blockquote>Laughed at by the pit, <b>box</b>, galleries, nay, stage.
<i>Dorset.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>boxes</b> and the pit are sovereign judges.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A chest or any receptacle for the deposit of money; <as>as, a poor <ex>box</ex>; a contribution <ex>box</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Yet since his neighbors give, the churl unlocks,
Damning the poor, his tripple-bolted <b>box</b>.
<i>J. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A small country house.</def> "A shooting <i>box</i>."

<i>Wilson.</i>

<blockquote>Tight <b>boxes</b> neatly sashed.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A boxlike shed for shelter; <as>as, a sentry <ex>box</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mach)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An axle box, journal box, journal bearing, or bushing.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A chamber or section of tube in which a valve works; the bucket of a lifting pump.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The driver's seat on a carriage or coach.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A present in a box; a present; esp. a Christmas box or gift.</def> "A Christmas <i>box</i>."

<i>Dickens.</i>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>The square in which the pitcher stands.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Mediterranean food fish; the bogue.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Box</i> is much used adjectively or in composition; as <i>box</i> lid, <i>box</i> maker, <i>box</i> circle, etc.; also with modifying substantives; as money <i>box</i>, letter <i>box</i>, band<i>box</i>, hat<i>box</i> or hat <i>box</i>, snuff <i>box</i> or snuff<i>box</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Box beam</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a beam made of metal plates so as to have the form of a long box.</cd> -- <col>Box car</col> <fld>(Railroads)</fld>, <cd>a freight car covered with a roof and inclosed on the sides to protect its contents.</cd> -- <col>Box chronometer</col>, <cd>a ship's chronometer, mounted in gimbals, to preserve its proper position.</cd> -- <col>Box coat</col>, <cd>a thick overcoat for driving; sometimes with a heavy cape to carry off the rain.</cd> -- <col>Box coupling</col>, <cd>a metal collar uniting the ends of shafts or other parts in machinery.</cd> -- <col>Box crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a crab of the genus <i>Calappa<i>, which, when at rest with the legs retracted, resembles a box.</cd> -- <col>Box drain</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a drain constructed with upright sides, and with flat top and bottom.</cd> -- <col>Box girder</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a box beam.</cd> -- <col>Box groove</col> <fld>(Metal Working)</fld>, <cd>a closed groove between two rolls, formed by a collar on one roll fitting between collars on another.</cd>  <i>R. W. Raymond.</i> -- <col>Box metal</col>, an alloy of copper and tin, or of zinc, lead, and antimony, for the bearings of journals, etc. -- <col>Box plait</col>, <cd>a plait that doubles both to the rigth and the left.</cd> -- <col>Box turtle</col> &or; <col>Box tortoise</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a land tortoise or turtle of the genera <spn>Cistudo</spn> and <spn>Emys</spn>; -- so named because it can withdraw entirely within its shell, which can be closed by hinged joints in the lower shell. Also, humorously, an exceedingly reticent person.</cd>  <i>Emerson.</i> -- <col>In a box</col>, <cd>in a perplexity or an embarrassing position; in difficulty.</cd> <mark>(Colloq.)</mark> -- <col>In the wrong box</col>, <cd>out of one's place; out of one's element; awkwardly situated.</cd> <mark>(Colloq.)</mark>  <i>Ridley (1554)</i></cs>

<h1>Box</h1>
<Xpage=172>

<hw>Box</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Boxed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Boxing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To inclose in a box.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with boxes, as a wheel.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>To inclose with boarding, lathing, etc., so as to bring to a required form.</def>

<cs><col>To box a tree</col>, <cd>to make an incision or hole in a tree for the purpose of procuring the sap.</cd> -- <col>To box off</col>, <cd>to divide into tight compartments.</cd> -- <col>To box up</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To put into a box in order to save; as, he had <i>boxed up<i> twelve score pounds. <sd>(b)</sd> To confine; as, to be <i>boxed up<i> in narrow quarters.</cd></cs>

<h1>Box</h1>
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<hw>Box</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.Dan. <ets>baske</ets> to slap, <ets>bask</ets> slap, blow. Cf. <er>Pash</er>.]</ety> <def>A blow on the head or ear with the hand.</def>

<blockquote>A good-humored <b>box</b> on the ear.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Box</h1>
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<hw>Box</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fight with the fist; to combat with, or as with, the hand or fist; to spar.</def>

<h1>Box</h1>
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<hw>Box</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To strike with the hand or fist, especially to strike on the ear, or on the side of the head.</def>

<h1>Box</h1>
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<hw>Box</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf.Sp. <ets>boxar</ets>, now spelt <ets>bojar</ets>.]</ety> <def>To boxhaul.</def>

<cs><col>To box off</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to turn the head of a vessel either way by bracing the headyards aback.</cd> -- <col>To box the compass</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to name the thirty-two points of the compass in their order.</cd></cs>

<h1>Boxberry</h1>
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<hw>Box"ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The wintergreern. (<spn>Gaultheria procumbens</spn>).</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="173">
Page 173<p>


<h1>Boxen</h1>
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<hw>Box"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of boxwood; pertaining to, or resembling, the box (<spn>Buxus</spn>).</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The faded hue of sapless <b>boxen</b> leaves.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boxer</h1>
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<hw>Box"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who packs boxes.</def>

<h1>Boxer</h1>
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<hw>Box"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who boxes; a pugilist.</def>

<h1>Boxfish</h1>
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<hw>Box"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The trunkfish.</def>

<h1>Boxhaul</h1>
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<hw>Box"haul`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Boxhauled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> (<fld>Naut</fld>.) <def>To put (a vessel) on the other tack by veering her short round on her heel; -- so called from the circumstance of bracing the head yards abox (i. e., sharp aback, on the wind).</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Boxhauling</h1>
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<hw>Box"haul`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A method of going from one tack to another. See <er>Boxhaul</er>.</def>

<h1>Boxing</h1>
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<hw>Box"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inclosing (anything) in a box, as for storage or transportation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Material used in making boxes or casings.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any boxlike inclosure or recess; a casing.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The external case of thin material used to bring any member to a required form.</def>

<h1>Boxing</h1>
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<hw>Box"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of fighting with the fist; a combat with the fist; sparring\'3c--pugilism--\'3e.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><col>Boxing glove</col>, <cd>a large padded mitten or glove used in sparring for exercise or amusement.</cd></cs>

<h1>Box-iron</h1>
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<hw>Box"-i`ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hollow smoothing iron containing a heater within.</def>

<h1>Boxkeeper</h1>
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<hw>Box"keep`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An attendant at a theater who has charge of the boxes.</def>

<h1>Boxthorn</h1>
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<hw>Box"thorn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Lycium</i>, esp. <i>Lycium barbarum</i>.</def>

<h1>Boxwood</h1>
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<hw>Box"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The wood of the box (<spn>Buxus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Boy</h1>
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<hw>Boy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>boef</ets>, Fries. <ets>boi</ets>, <ets>boy</ets>; akin to G. <ets>bube</ets>, Icel. <ets>bofi</ets> rouge.]</ety> <def>A male child, from birth to the age of puberty; a lad; hence, a son.</def>

<blockquote>My only <b>boy</b> fell by the side of great Dundee.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Boy</i> is often used as a term of comradeship, as in college, or in the army or navy. In the plural used colloquially of members of an assosiaton, fraternity, or party.</note>

<cs><col>Boy bishop</col>, <cd>a boy (usually a chorister) elected bishop, in old Christian sports, and invested with robes and other insignia. He practiced a kind of mimicry of the ceremonies in which the bishop usually officiated.</cd> <col>The Old Boy</col>, <cd>the Devil.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>Yellow boys</col>, <cd>guineas.</cd> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Boy's love</col>, <cd>a popular English name of Southernwood (<spn>Artemisia abrotonum</spn>);) -- called also <altname>lad's love</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Boy's play</col>, <cd>childish amusements; anything trifling.</cd></cs>

<h1>Boy</h1>
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<hw>Boy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To act as a boy; -- in allusion to the former practice of boys acting women's parts on the stage.</def>

<blockquote>I shall see
Some squeaking Cleopatra <b>boy</b> my greatness.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boyar, Boyard</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bo*yar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bo*yard"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>boi\'a0rin'</ets>.]</ety> <def>A member of a Russian aristocratic order abolished by Peter the Great. Also, one of a privileged class in Roumania.</def>

<note>&hand; English writers sometimes call Russian landed proprietors <i>boyars</i>.</note>

<h1>Boyau</h1>
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<hw>Boy"au</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Boyaux</plw> or <plw>Boyaus</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>boyau</ets> gut, a long and narrow place, and (of trenches) a branch. See <er>Bowel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A winding or zigzag trench forming a path or communication from one siegework to another, to a magazine, etc.</def>

<h1>Boycott</h1>
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<hw>Boy"cott`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Boycotted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Boycotting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From Captain <ets>Boycott</ets>, a land agent in Mayo, Ireland, so treated in 1880.]</ety> <def>To combine against (a landlord, tradesman, employer, or other person), to withhold social or business relations from him, and to deter others from holding such relations; to subject to a boycott.</def>

<h1>Boycott</h1>
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<hw>Boy"cott</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process, fact, or pressure of boycotting; a combining to withhold or prevent dealing or social intercourse with a tradesman, employer, etc.; social and business interdiction for the purpose of coercion.</def>

<h1>Boycotter</h1>
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<hw>Boy"cott`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A participant in boycotting.</def>

<h1>Boycottism</h1>
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<hw>Boy"cott*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Methods of boycotters.</def>

<h1>Boydekin</h1>
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<hw>Boy"de*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dagger; a bodkin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Boyer</h1>
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<hw>Boy"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>boeijer</ets>; -- so called because these vessels were employed for laying the <ets>boeijen</ets>, or buoys: cf. F. <ets>boyer</ets>. See <er>Buoy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A Flemish sloop with a castle at each end.</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Boyhood</h1>
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<hw>Boy"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Boy</ets> + <ets>-hood</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being a boy; the time during which one is a boy.</def>

<i>Hood.</i>

<h1>Boyish</h1>
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<hw>Boy"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a boy in a manners or opinions; belonging to a boy; childish; trifling; puerile.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>boyish</b>, odd conceit.
<i>Baillie.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Boyishly</h1>
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<hw>Boy"ish*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a boyish manner; like a boy.</def>

<h1>Boyishness</h1>
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<hw>Boy"ish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The manners or behavior of a boy.</def>

<h1>Boyism</h1>
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<hw>Boy"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Boyhood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The nature of a boy; childishness.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Boyle's law</h1>
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<hw>Boyle's" law`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Law</er>.</def>

<h1>Boza</h1>
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<hw>Bo"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bosa</er>.]</ety> <def>An acidulated fermented drink of the Arabs and Egyptians, made from millet seed and various astringent substances; also, an intoxicating beverage made from hemp seed, darnel meal, and water.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bosa</asp>, <asp>bozah</asp>, <asp>bouza</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Brabantine</h1>
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<hw>Bra*bant"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Brabant, an ancient province of the Netherlands.</def>

<h1>Brabble</h1>
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<hw>Brab"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>brabbelen</ets> to talk confusedly. <?/95. Cf. <er>Blab</er>, <er>Babble</er>.]</ety> <def>To clamor; to contest noisily.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Brabble</h1>
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<hw>Brab"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A broil; a noisy contest; a wrangle.</def>

<blockquote>This petty <b>brabble</b> will undo us all.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brabblement</h1>
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<hw>Brab"ble*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A brabble.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Brabbler</h1>
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<hw>Brab"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A clamorous, quarrelsome, noisy fellow; a wrangler.</def> <mark>[R]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Braccate</h1>
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<hw>Brac"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>bracatus</ets> wearing breeches, fr. <ets>bracae</ets> breeches.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Furnished with feathers which conceal the feet.</def>

<h1>Brace</h1>
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<hw>Brace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>brace</ets>, <ets>brasse</ets>, the two arms, embrace, fathom, F. <ets>brasse</ets> fathom, fr. L. <ets>bracchia</ets> the arms (stretched out), pl. of <ets>bracchium</ets> arm; cf. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly; a bandage or a prop.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cord, ligament, or rod, for producing or maintaining tension, as a cord on the side of a drum.</def>

<blockquote>The little bones of the ear drum do in straining and relaxing it as the <b>braces</b> of the war drum do in that.
<i>Derham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of being braced or tight; tension.</def>

<blockquote>The laxness of the tympanum, when it has lost its <b>brace</b> or tension.
<i>Holder.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch. & Engin.)</fld> <def>A piece of material used to transmit, or change the direction of, weight or pressure; any one of the pieces, in a frame or truss, which divide the structure into triangular parts. It may act as a tie, or as a strut, and serves to prevent distortion of the structure, and transverse strains in its members. A boiler <i>brace</i> is a diagonal stay, connecting the head with the shell.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A vertical curved line connecting two or more words or lines, which are to be taken together; thus, <i>boll</i>, <i>bowl</i>; or, in music, used to connect staves.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope reeved through a block at the end of a yard, by which the yard is moved horizontally; also, a rudder gudgeon.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A curved instrument or handle of iron or wood, for holding and turning bits, etc.; a bitstock.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A pair; a couple; <as>as, a <ex>brace</ex> of ducks</as>; now rarely applied to persons, except familiarly or with some contempt.</def> "A <i>brace</i> of greyhounds."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He is said to have shot . . . fifty <b>brace</b> of pheasants.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>brace</b> of brethren, both bishops, both eminent for learning and religion, now appeared in the church.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But you, my <b>brace</b> of lords.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Straps or bands to sustain trousers; suspenders.</def>

<blockquote>I embroidered for you a beautiful pair of <b>braces</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Harness; warlike preparation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For that it stands not in such warlike <b>brace</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Armor for the arm; vantbrace.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The mouth of a shaft.</def> <mark>[Cornwall]</mark>

<cs><col>Angle brace</col>. <cd>See under <er>Angle</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brace</h1>
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<hw>Brace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Braced</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bracing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish with braces; to support; to prop; <as>as, to <ex>brace</ex> a beam in a building</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw tight; to tighten; to put in a state of tension; to strain; to strengthen; <as>as, to <ex>brace</ex> the nerves</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And welcome war to <b>brace</b> her drums.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bind or tie closely; to fasten tightly.</def>

<blockquote>The women of China, by <b>bracing</b> and binding them from their infancy, have very little feet.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some who spurs had first <b>braced</b> on.
<i> Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To place in a position for resisting pressure; to hold firmly; <as>as, he <ex>braced</ex> himself against the crowd</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A sturdy lance in his right hand he <b>braced</b>.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To move around by means of braces; <as>as, to <ex>brace</ex> the yards</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To brace about</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to turn (a yard) round for the contrary tack.</cd> -- <col>To brace a yard</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to move it horizontally by means of a brace.</cd> -- <col>To brace in</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to turn (a yard) by hauling in the weather brace.</cd> -- <col>To brace one's self</col>, <cd>to call up one's energies. "He <i>braced himself<i> for an effort which he was little able to make."</cd></cs>

<i>J. D. Forbes.</i>

<cs>- <col>To brace to<col> (<fld>Naut</fld>.), <cd>to turn (a yard) by checking or easing off the lee brace, and hauling in the weather one, to assist in tacking.</cd> -- <col>To brace up</col> (<fld>Naut</fld>.), <cd>to bring (a yard) nearer the direction of the keel by hauling in the lee brace.</cd> -- <col>To brace up sharp</col> (<fld>Naut</fld>.), <cd>to turn (a yard) as far forward as the rigging will permit.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brace</h1>
<Xpage=173>

<hw>Brace</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To get tone or vigor; to rouse one's energies; -with <i>up</i>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Bracelet</h1>
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<hw>Brace"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bracelet</ets>, dim. of OF. <ets>bracel</ets> armlet, prop. little arm, dim. of <ets>bras</ets> arm, fr. L. <ets>bracchium</ets>. See <er>Brace</er>,<tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ornamental band or ring, for the wrist or the arm; in modern times, an ornament encircling the wrist, worn by women or girls.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of defensive armor for the arm.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Bracer</h1>
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<hw>Bra"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which braces, binds, or makes firm; a band or bandage.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A covering to protect the arm of the bowman from the vibration of the string; also, a brassart.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A medicine, as an astringent or a tonic, which gives tension or tone to any part of the body.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Brach</h1>
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<hw>Brach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.  <ets>brache</ets> a kind of scenting hound or setting dog, OF. <ets>brache</ets>, <?/ <ets>braque</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>braccho</ets>, G. <ets>bracke</ets>; possibly akin to E. <ets>fragrant</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fragrare</ets> to smell.]</ety> <def>A bitch of the hound kind.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Brachelytra</h1>
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<hw>Brach*el"y*tra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. (<?/) short + <?/ a covering.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of beetles having short elytra, as the rove beetles.</def>

<h1>Brachia</h1>
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<hw>Brach"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Brachium</er>.</def>

<h1>Brachial</h1>
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<hw>Brach"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> or <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>brachialis</ets> (<ets>bracch</ets>-), from <ets>bracchium</ets> (<ets>bracch</ets>-) arm: cf. F. <ets>brachial</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining or belonging to the arm; <as>as, the <ex>brachial</ex> artery; the <ex>brachial</ex> nerve.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of the nature of an arm; resembling an arm.</def>

<h1>Brachiata</h1>
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<hw>Brach`i*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Brachiate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of the Crinoidea, including those furnished with long jointed arms. See <er>Crinoidea</er>.</def>

<h1>Brachiate</h1>
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<hw>Brach"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>brachiatus</ets> (<ets>bracch</ets>-) with boughs or branches like arms, from <ets>brackium</ets> (<ets>bracch</ets>-) arm.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having branches in pairs, decussated, all nearly horizontal, and each pair at right angles with the next, as in the maple and lilac.</def>

<h1>Brachioganoid</h1>
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<hw>Brach`i*og"a*noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Brachioganoidei.</def>

<h1>Brachioganoidei</h1>
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<hw>Brach`i*o*ga*noid"e*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt><ety>[NL., from L. <ets>brachium</ets> (<ets>bracch</ets>-) arm + NL. <ets>ganoidei</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of ganoid fishes of which the bichir of Africa is a living example. See <er>Crossopterygii</er>.</def>

<h1>Brachiolaria</h1>
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<hw>Brach`i*o*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L.  <ets>brachiolum</ets> (<ets>bracch</ets>-), dim. of <ets>brachium</ets> (<ets>bracch</ets>-) arm.]</ety> <def>(Zo<i>\'94l</i>.) A peculiar early larval stage of certain starfishes, having a bilateral structure, and swimming by means of bands of vibrating cilia.</def>

<h1>Brachiopod</h1>
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<hw>Brach"i*o*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>brachiopode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Brachiopoda, or its shell.</def>

<h1>Brachiopoda</h1>
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<hw>Brach`i*op"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ arm + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of Molluscoidea having a symmetrical bivalve shell, often attached by a fleshy peduncle.</def>

<note>&hand; Within the shell is a pair of "arms," often long and spirally coiled, bearing rows of ciliated tentacles by which a current of water is made to flow into the mantle cavity, bringing the microscopic food to the mouth between the bases of the arms. The shell is both opened and closed by special muscles. They form two orders; <i>Lyopoma</i>, in which the shell is thin, and without a distinct hinge, as in <i>Lingula</i>; and <i>Arthropoma</i>, in which the firm calcareous shell has a regular hinge, as in <i>Rhynchonella</i>. See <er>Arthropomata</er>.</note>

<h1>Brachium</h1>
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<hw>Brach"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bracchia</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>brachium</ets> or <ets>bracchium</ets>, arm.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The upper arm; the segment of the fore limb between the shoulder and the elbow.</def>

<h1>Brachman</h1>
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<hw>Brach"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Brachmanae</ets>, pl., Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>See <er>Brahman</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Brachycatalectic</h1>
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<hw>Brach`y*cat`a*lec"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ short + <?/ to leave off; cf. <?/ incomplete.]</ety> <fld>(Gr.& Last. Pros.)</fld> <def>A verse wanting two syllables at its termination.</def>

<h1>Brachycephalic, Brachycephalous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Brach`y*ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Brach`y*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ short + <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the skull short in proportion to its breadth; shortheaded; -- in distinction from <i>dolichocephalic</i>.</def>

<h1>Brachycephaly, Brachycephalism</h1>
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<hw><hw>Brach`y*ceph"a*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Brach`y*ceph"a*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Brachyc\'82phalie</ets>]</ety> . <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The state or condition of being brachycephalic; shortness of head.</def>

<h1>Brachyceral</h1>
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<hw>Bra*chyc"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ short + <?/ horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having short antenn\'91, as certain insects.</def>

<h1>Brachydiagonal</h1>
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<hw>Brach`y*di*ag"o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ short + E. <ets>diagonal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the shorter diagonal, as of a rhombic prism.</def>

<cs><col>Brachydiagonal axis</col>, <cd>the shorter lateral axis of an orthorhombic crystal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brachydiagonal</h1>
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<hw>Brach`y*di*ag"o*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The shorter of the diagonals in a rhombic prism.</def>

<h1>Brachydome</h1>
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<hw>Brach`y*dome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ short + E. <ets>dome</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A dome parallel to the shorter lateral axis. See <er>Dome</er>.</def>

<h1>Brachygrapher</h1>
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<hw>Bra*chyg"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer in short hand; a stenographer.</def>

<blockquote>He asked the <b>brachygrapher</b> whether he wrote the notes of the sermon.
<i>Gayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brachygraphy</h1>
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<hw>Bra*chyg"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ short + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>brachygraphie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Stenograhy.</def>

<i> B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Brachylogy</h1>
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<hw>Bra*chyl"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ :<?/ short + <?/ discourse: cf. F. <ets>brachylogie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Conciseness of expression; brevity.</def>

<h1>Brachypinacoid</h1>
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<hw>Brach`y*pin"a*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ short + E. <ets>pinacoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crytallog.)</fld> <def>A plane of an orthorhombic crystal which is parallel both to the vertical axis and to the shorter lateral (brachydiagonal) axis.</def>

<h1>Brachyptera</h1>
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<hw>Bra*chyp"te*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ short-winged; short + <?/ feather, wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Coleoptera having short wings; the rove beetles.</def>

<h1>Brachypteres</h1>
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<hw>Bra*chyp"te*res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Brachyptera</er>. ]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of birds, including auks, divers, and penguins.</def>

<h1>Brachypterous</h1>
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<hw>Bra*chyp"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ :cf. F. <ets>brachypt\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having short wings.</def>

<h1>Brachystochrone</h1>
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<hw>Bra*chys"to*chrone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Incorrect for <ets>brachistochrone</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ shortest (superl. of <?/ short) + <?/ time : cf. F. <ets>brachistochrone</ets>. ]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A curve, in which a body, starting from a given point, and descending solely by the force of gravity, will reach another given point in a shorter time than it could by any other path. This <i>curve of quickest descent</i>, as it is sometimes called, is, in a vacuum, the same as the <i>cycloid</i>.</def>

<h1>Brachytypous</h1>
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<hw>Brach"y*ty`pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ short + <?/ stamp, form.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Of a short form.</def>

<h1>Brachyura</h1>
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<hw>Brach`y*u"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ short + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of decapod Crustacea, including the common crabs, characterized by a small and short abdomen, which is bent up beneath the large cephalo-thorax. <altsp>[Also spelt <asp>Brachyoura</asp>.]</altsp> See <er>Crab</er>, and <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Brachyural, Brachyurous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Brach`y*u"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Brach`y*u"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>brachyure</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Brachyura.</def>

<h1>Brachyuran</h1>
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<hw>Brach`y*u"ran</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Brachyura.</def>

<h1>Bracing</h1>
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<hw>Bra"cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Imparting strength or tone; strengthening; invigorating; <as>as, a <ex>bracing</ex> north wind</as>.</def>

<h1>Bracing</h1>
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<hw>Bra"cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of strengthening, supporting, or propping, with a brace or braces; the state of being braced.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>Any system of braces; braces, collectively; <as>as, the <ex>bracing</ex> of a truss</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="174">
Page 174<p>

<h1>Brack</h1>
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<hw>Brack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.D. <ets>braak</ets>, Dan. <ets>br\'91k</ets>, a breaking, Sw. & Isel. <ets>brak</ets> a crackling, creaking. Cf. <er>Breach</er>.]</ety> <def>An opening caused by the parting of any solid body; a crack or breach; a flaw.</def>

<blockquote>Stain or <b>brack</b> in her sweet reputation.
<i>J. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brack</h1>
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<hw>Brack</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>brak</ets>, adj., salt; cf. LG. <ets>wrak</ets> refuse, G. <ets>brack</ets>.]</ety> <def>Salt or brackish water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Bracken</h1>
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<hw>Brack"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>braken</ets>, AS. <ets>bracce</ets>. See <er>2d Brake</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A brake or fern.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Bracket</h1>
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<hw>Brack"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.OF. <ets>braguette</ets> codpiece, F. <ets>brayette</ets>, Sp. <ets>bragueta</ets>, also a projecting mold in architecture; dim. fr.L. <ets>bracae</ets> breeches; cf. also, OF. <ets>bracon</ets> beam, prop, support; of unknown origin. Cf. <er>Breeches</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An architectural member, plain or ornamental, projecting from a wall or pier, to support weight falling outside of the same; also, a decorative feature seeming to discharge such an office.</def>

<note>&hand; This is the more general word. See <er>Brace</er>, <er>Cantalever</er>, <er>Console</er>, <er>Corbel</er>, <er>Strut</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Engin. & Mech.)</fld> <def>A piece or combination of pieces, usually triangular in general shape, projecting from, or fastened to, a wall, or other surface, to support heavy bodies or to strengthen angles.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A shot, crooked timber, resembling a knee, used as a support.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The cheek or side of an ordnance carriage.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>One of two characters [], used to inclose a reference, explanation, or note, or a part to be excluded from a sentence, to indicate an interpolation, to rectify a mistake, or to supply an omission, and for certain other purposes; -- called also <altname>crotchet</altname>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A gas fixture or lamp holder projecting from the face of a wall, column, or the like.</def>

<cs><col>Bracket light</col>, <cd>a gas fixture or a lamp attached to a wall, column, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bracket</h1>
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<hw>Brack"et</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bracketed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bracketing</er>]</wordforms> <def>To place within brackets; to connect by brackets; to furnish with brackets.</def>

<h1>Bracketing</h1>
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<hw>Brack"et*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A series or group of brackets; brackets, collectively.</def>

<h1>Brackish</h1>
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<hw>Brack"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Brack</er> salt water.]</ety> <def>Saltish, or salt in a moderate degree, as water in saline soil.</def>

<blockquote>Springs in deserts found seem sweet, all <b>brackish</b> though they be.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brackishness</h1>
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<hw>Brack"ish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being brackish, or somewhat salt.</def>

<h1>Bracky</h1>
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<hw>Brack"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Brackish.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Bract</h1>
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<hw>Bract</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bractea</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A leaf, usually smaller than the true leaves of a plant, from the axil of which a flower stalk arises.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any modified leaf, or scale, on a flower stalk or at the base of a flower.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Bracts</i> are often inconspicuous, but sometimes large and showy, or highly colored, as in many cactaceous plants. The spathes of aroid plants are conspicuous forms of bracts.</note>

<h1>Bractea</h1>
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<hw>Brac"te*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a thin plate of metal or wood, gold foil.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A bract.</def>

<h1>Bracteal</h1>
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<hw>Brac"te*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>bract\'82al</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the nature or appearance of a bract.</def>

<h1>Bracteate</h1>
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<hw>Brac"te*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.L. <ets>bracteatus</ets> covered with gold plate.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a bract or bracts.</def>

<h1>Bracted</h1>
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<hw>Bract"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Furnished with bracts.</def>

<h1>Bracteolate</h1>
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<hw>Brac"te*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Furnished with bracteoles or bractlets.</def>

<h1>Bracteole</h1>
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<hw>Brac"te*ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bracteola</ets>, dim. of <ets>bractea</ets>. See <er>Bractea</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Bractlet</er>.</def>

<h1>Bractless</h1>
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<hw>Bract"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of bracts.</def>

<h1>Bractlet</h1>
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<hw>Bract"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bract</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A bract on the stalk of a single flower, which is itself on a main stalk that support several flowers.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Brad</h1>
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<hw>Brad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.OE. <ets>brod</ets>, Dan. <ets>braad</ets> prick, sting, <ets>brodde</ets> ice spur, frost nail, Sw. <ets>brodd</ets> frost nail, Icel. <ets>broddr</ets> any pointed piece of iron or stell; akin to AS. <ets>brord</ets> point, spire of grass, and perh. to E. <ets>bristle</ets>. See <er>Bristle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A thin nail, usually small, with a slight projection at the top on one side instead of a head; also, a small wire nail, with a flat circular head; sometimes, a small, tapering, square-bodied finishing nail, with a countersunk head.</def>

<h1>Brad awl</h1>
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<hw>Brad" awl`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A straight awl with chisel edge, used to make holes for brads, etc.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Bradoon</h1>
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<hw>Bra*doon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bridoon</er>.</def>

<h1>Brae</h1>
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<hw>Brae</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bray</er> a hill.]</ety> <def>A hillside; a slope; a bank; a hill.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Brag</h1>
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<hw>Brag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bragged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Bragging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>braggen</ets> to resound, blow, boast (cf. F. <ets>braguer</ets> to lead a merry life, flaunt, boast, OF. <ets>brague</ets> merriment), from Icel. <ets>braka</ets> to creak, <ets>brak</ets> noise, fr. the same root as E. <ets>break</ets>; properly then, to make a noise, boast. <?/<er>95</er>.]</ety> <def>To talk about one's self, or things pertaining to one's self, in a manner intended to excite admiration, envy, or wonder; to talk boastfully; to boast; -- often followed by <i>of</i>; <as>as, to <ex>brag</ex> of one's exploits, courage, or money, or of the great things one intends to do</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Conceit, more rich in matter than in words,
<b>Brags</b> of his substance, not of ornament.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To swagger; boast; vapor; bluster; vaunt; flourish; talk big.</syn>

<h1>Brag</h1>
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<hw>Brag</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To boast of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Brag</h1>
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<hw>Brag</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>  <p><b>1.</b> <def>A boast or boasting; bragging; ostentatious pretense or self glorification.</def>

<blockquote>C\'91sar . . . made not here his <b>brag</b>
Of "came," and "saw," and "overcame."
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thing which is boasted of.</def>

<blockquote>Beauty is Nature's <b>brag</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A game at cards similar to bluff.</def>

<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brag</h1>
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<hw>Brag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Brag</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Brisk; full of spirits; boasting; pretentious; conceited.</def> <mark>[Arhaic]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>brag</b> young fellow.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brag</h1>
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<hw>Brag</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Proudly; boastfully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Braggadocio</h1>
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<hw>Brag`ga*do"cio</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Braggadocchio</ets>, a boastful character in Spenser's "Fa\'89rie Queene."]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A braggart; a boaster; a swaggerer.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Empty boasting; mere brag; pretension.</def>

<h1>Braggardism</h1>
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<hw>Brag"gard*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Braggart</er>.]</ety> <def>Boastfulness; act of bragging.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Braggart</h1>
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<hw>Brag"gart</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bragard</ets> flaunting, vain, bragging. See <er>Brag</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>A boaster.</def>

<blockquote>O, I could play the woman with mine eyes,
 And <b>braggart</b> with my tongue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Braggart</h1>
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<hw>Brag"gart</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Boastful.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Brag"gart*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bragger</h1>
<Xpage=174>

<hw>Brag"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who brags; a boaster.</def>

<h1>Bragget</h1>
<Xpage=174>

<hw>Brag"get</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>braket</ets>, <ets>bragot</ets>, fr. W. <ets>bragawd</ets>, <ets>bragod</ets>, fr. <ets>brag</ets> malt.]</ety> <def>A liquor made of ale and honey fermented, with spices, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Braggingly</h1>
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<hw>Brag"ging`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Boastingly.</def>

<h1>Bragless</h1>
<Xpage=174>

<hw>Brag"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without bragging.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bragly</h1>
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<hw>Brag"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner to be bragged of; finely; proudly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Brahma</h1>
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<hw>Brah"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Brahman</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Hindoo Myth.)</fld> <def>The One First Cause; also, one of the triad of Hindoo gods. The triad consists of <i>Brahma</i>, the Creator, <i>Vishnu</i>, the Preserver, and <i>Siva</i>, the Destroyer.</def>

<note>&hand; According to the Hindoo religious books, <i>Brahma</i> (with the final <i>a</i> short), or <i>Brahm</i>, is the Divine Essence, the One First Cause, the All in All, while the personal gods, <i>Brahm\'a0</i> (with the final <i>a</i> long), Vishnu, and Siva, are emanations or manifestations of Brahma the Divine Essence.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A valuable variety of large, domestic fowl, peculiar in having the comb divided lengthwise into three parts, and the legs well feathered. There are two breeds, the dark or penciled, and the light; -- called also <altname>Brahmapootra</altname>.</def>

<h1>Brahman, Brahmin</h1>
<Xpage=174>

<hw><hw>Brah"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Brah"min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.  <plw>Brahmans</plw>, <plw>Brahmins</plw>.</plu> <ety>[Skr. <ets>Br\'behmana</ets> (cf. <ets>Brahman</ets> worship, holiness; the God Brahma, also Brahman): cf. F. <ets>Brahmane</ets>, <ets>Brachmane</ets>, <ets>Bramine</ets>, L. <ets>Brachmanae</ets>, <ets>-manes</ets>, <ets>-mani</ets>, pl., Gr. <?/, pl.]</ety> <def>A person of the highest or sacerdotal caste among the Hindoos.</def>

<cs><col>Brahman bull</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the male of a variety of the zebu, or Indian ox, considered sacred by the Hindoos.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brahmaness</h1>
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<hw>Brah"man*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Brahmani.</def>

<h1>Brahmani</h1>
<Xpage=174>

<hw>Brah"man*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Fem. of <ets>Brahman</ets>.]</ety> <def>Any Brahman woman.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Brahmanee</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Brahmanic, -ical, Brahminic </, ical</h1>
<Xpage=174>

<hw><hw>Brah*man"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>-ic*al</hw>   <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Brah*min"ic</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <hw>*ic*al</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Brahmans or to their doctrines and worship.</def>

<h1>Brahmanism, Brahminism</h1>
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<hw><hw>Brah"man*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Brah"min*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The religion or system of doctrines of the Brahmans; the religion of Brahma.</def>

<h1>Brahmanist, Brahminist</h1>
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<hw><hw>Brah"man*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Brah"min*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>An adherent of the religion of the Brahmans.</def>

<h1>Brahmoism</h1>
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<hw>Brah"mo*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The religious system of Brahmo-somaj.</def>

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Brahmo-somaj</h1>
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<hw>Brah`mo-so*maj"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Bengalese, a wor<?/hiping assembly.]</ety> <def>A modern reforming theistic sect among the Hindos.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Brahma-samaj</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Braid</h1>
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<hw>Braid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. &. p. p.</tt> <er>Braided</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Braiding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>braiden</ets>, <ets>breiden</ets>, to pull, reach, braid, AS. <ets>bregdan</ets> to move to and fro, to weave; akin. to Icel. <ets>breg<?/a</ets>, D. <ets>breiden</ets> to knit, OS. <ets>bregdan</ets> to weave, OHG. <ets>brettan</ets> to brandish. Cf. <er>Broid</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To weave, interlace, or entwine together, as three or more strands or threads; to form into a braid; to plait.</def>

<blockquote><b>Braid</b> your locks with rosy twine.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mingle, or to bring to a uniformly soft consistence, by beating, rubbing, or straining, as in some culinary operations.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To reproach. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Upbraid</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Braid</h1>
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<hw>Braid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A plait, band, or narrow fabric formed by intertwining or weaving together different strands.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>braid</b> of hair composed of two different colors twined together.
<i>Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A narrow fabric, as of wool, silk, or linen, used for binding, trimming, or ornamenting dresses, etc.</def>

<h1>Braid</h1>
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<hw>Braid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.Icel. <ets>breg<?/a</ets> to move quickly.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A quick motion; a start.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sackville.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fancy; freak; caprice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. Hyrde.</i>

<h1>Braid</h1>
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<hw>Braid</hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To start; to awake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Braid</h1>
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<hw>Braid</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>br\'91d</ets>, <ets>bred</ets>, deceit; akin to Icel. <ets>brag<?/</ets> trick, AS. <ets>bredan</ets>, <ets>bregdan</ets>, to braid, knit, (hence) to knit a net, to draw into a net, <ets>i</ets>.<ets>e</ets>., to deceive. See <er>Braid</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Deceitful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Since Frenchmen are so <b>braid</b>,
Marry that will, I live and die a maid.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Braiding</h1>
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<hw>Braid"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of making or using braids.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Braids, collectively; trimming.</def>

<blockquote>A gentleman enveloped in mustachios, whiskers, fur collars, and <b>braiding</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brail</h1>
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<hw>Brail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brayle</ets> furling rope, OF. <ets>braiol</ets> a band placed around the breeches, fr.F. <ets>braies</ets>, pl., breeches, fr.L.  <ets>braca</ets>, <ets>bracae</ets>, breeches, a Gallic word; cf. Arm. <ets>bragez</ets>.  Cf. <er>Breeches</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>A thong of soft leather to bind up a hawk's wing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Ropes passing through pulleys, and used to haul in or up the leeches, bottoms, or corners of sails, preparatory to furling.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A stock at each end of a seine to keep it stretched.</def>

<h1>Brail</h1>
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<hw>Brail</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To haul up by the brails; -- used with <i>up</i>; <as>as, <ex>to brail</ex> up a sail</as>.</def>

<h1>Brain</h1>
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<hw>Brain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brain</ets>, <ets>brein</ets>, AS. <ets>bragen</ets>, <ets>br\'91gen</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>br\'84gen</ets>, <ets>bregen</ets>, D. <ets>brein</ets>, and perh. to Gr. <?/, the upper part of head, if <?/ =<?/ <?/ <er>95</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The whitish mass of soft matter (the center of the nervous system, and the seat of consciousness and volition) which is inclosed in the cartilaginous or bony cranium of vertebrate animals. It is simply the anterior termination of the spinal cord, and is developed from three embryonic vesicles, whose cavities are connected with the central canal of the cord; the cavities of the vesicles become the central cavities, or ventricles, and the walls thicken unequally and become the three segments, the fore-, mid-, and hind-brain.</def>

<note>&hand; In the brain of man the cerebral lobes, or largest part of the forebrain, are enormously developed so as to overhang the cerebellum, the great lobe of the hindbrain, and completely cover the lobes of the midbrain. The surface of the cerebrum is divided into irregular ridges, or convolutions, separated by grooves (the so-called fissures and sulci), and the two hemispheres are connected at the bottom of the longitudinal fissure by a great transverse band of nervous matter, the <i>corpus callosum</i>, while the two halves of the cerebellum are connected on the under side of the brain by the bridge, or <i>pons Varolii</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The anterior or cephalic ganglion in insects and other invertebrates.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The organ or seat of intellect; hence, the understanding.</def> " My <i>brain</i> is too dull."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<note>&hand; In this sense, often used in the plural.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The affections; fancy; imagination.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>To have on the brain</col>, <cd>to have constantly in one's thoughts, as a sort of monomania. <mark>[Low]</mark></cd></cs>

<cs><mcol><col>Brain box</col> &or; <col>case</col></mcol>, <cd>the bony on cartilaginous case inclosing the brain.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Brain coral</col>, <col>Brain stone coral</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld>, <cd>a massive reef-building coral having the surface covered by ridges separated by furrows so as to resemble somewhat the surface of the brain, esp. such corals of the genera <spn>M\'91andrina</spn> and <spn>Diploria</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Brain fag</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>brain weariness. See <er>Cerebropathy</er>.</cd> -- <col>Brain fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>fever in which the brain is specially affected; any acute cerebral affection attended by fever.</cd> -- <col>Brain sand</col>, <cd>calcareous matter found in the pineal gland.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brain</h1>
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<hw>Brain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brained</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Braining</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To dash out the brains of; to kill by beating out the brains. Hence, Fig.: To destroy; to put an end to; to defeat.</def>

<blockquote>There thou mayst <b>brain</b> him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It was the swift celerity of the death . . .
That <b>brained</b> my purpose.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To conceive; to understand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><?/T is still a dream, or else such stuff as madmen
Tongue, and <b>brain</b> not.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brained</h1>
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<hw>Brained</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p.a.</tt> <def>Supplied with brains.</def>

<blockquote>If th' other two be <b>brained</b> like us.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brainish</h1>
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<hw>Brain"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hot-headed; furious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Brainless</h1>
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<hw>Brain"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without understanding; silly; thougthless; witless.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Brain"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Brainpan</h1>
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<hw>Brain"pan`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Brain</ets> + <ets>pan</ets>.]</ety> <def>The bones which inclose the brain; the skull; the cranium.</def>

<h1>Brainsick</h1>
<Xpage=174>

<hw>Brain"sick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disordered in the understanding; giddy; thoughtless.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Brain"sick*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Brainsickly</h1>
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<hw>Brain"sick`ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a brainsick manner.</def>

<h1>Brainy</h1>
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<hw>Brain"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having an active or vigorous mind.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Braise, Braize</h1>
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<hw><hw>Braise</hw>, <hw>Braize</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from its iridescent colors.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European marine fish (<spn>Pagrus vulgaris</spn>) allied to the American scup; the becker. The name is sometimes applied to the related species.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>brazier</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Braise, Braize</h1>
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<hw><hw>Braise</hw>, <hw>Braize</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Charcoal powder; breeze.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Braised meat.</def>

<h1>Braise</h1>
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<hw>Braise</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>braiser</ets>, fr. <ets>braise</ets> coals.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>To stew or broil in a covered kettle or pan.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>braising</b> kettle has a deep cover which holds coals; consequently the cooking is done from above, as well as below.
<i>Mrs. Henderson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Braiser</h1>
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<hw>Brais"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kettle or pan for braising.</def>

<h1>Brait</h1>
<Xpage=174>

<hw>Brait</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.W. <ets>braith</ets> variegated, Ir. <ets>breath</ets>, <ets>breagh</ets>, fine, comely.]</ety> <def>A rough diamond.</def>

<h1>Braize</h1>
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<hw>Braize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Braise</er>.</def>

<h1>Brake</h1>
<Xpage=174>

<hw>Brake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Break</er>.</def> <mark>[Arhaic]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Brake</h1>
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<hw>Brake</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brake</ets> fern; cf. AS. <ets>bracce</ets> fern, LG.  <ets>brake</ets> willow bush, Da. <ets>bregne</ets> fern, G. <ets>brach</ets> fallow; prob. orig. the growth on rough, broken ground, fr. the root of E. <ets>break</ets>. See <er>Break</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, cf. <er>Bracken</er>, and <er>2d Brake</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fern of the genus <i>Pteris</i>, esp. the <i>P</i>. <i>aquilina</i>, common in almost all countries. It has solitary stems dividing into three principal branches. Less properly: Any fern.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thicket; a place overgrown with shrubs and brambles, with undergrowth and ferns, or with canes.</def>

<blockquote>Rounds rising hillocks, <b>brakes</b> obscure and rough,
To shelter thee from tempest and from rain.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He stayed not for <b>brake</b>, <b>and he stopped not for stone</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Cane brake</col>, <cd>a thicket of canes. See <er>Canebrake</er>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="175">
Page 175<p>

<h1>Brake</h1>
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<hw>Brake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brake</ets>; cf. LG. <ets>brake</ets> an instrument for breaking flax, G. <ets>breche</ets>, fr. the root of E. <ets>break</ets>. See <ets>Break</ets>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Breach</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument or machine to break or bruise the woody part of flax or hemp so that it may be separated from the fiber.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An extended handle by means of which a number of men can unite in working a pump, as in a fire engine.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A baker's kneading though.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A sharp bit or snaffle.</def>

<blockquote>Pampered jades . . . which need nor <b>break</b> nor bit.
<i>Gascoigne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A frame for confining a refractory horse while the smith is shoeing him; also, an inclosure to restrain cattle, horses, etc.</def>

<blockquote>A horse . . . which Philip had bought . . . and because of his fierceness kept him within a <b>brake</b> of iron bars.
<i>J. Brende.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>That part of a carriage, as of a movable battery, or engine, which enables it to turn.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An ancient engine of war analogous to the crossbow and ballista.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>A large, heavy harrow for breaking clods after plowing; a drag.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction, as of a carriage or railway car, by the pressure of rubbers against the wheels, or of clogs or ratchets against the track or roadway, or of a pivoted lever against a wheel or drum in a machine.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for testing the power of a steam engine, or other motor, by weighing the amount of friction that the motor will overcome; a friction brake.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>A cart or carriage without a body, used in breaking in horses.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>An ancient instrument of torture.</def>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<cs><col>Air brake</col>. <cd>See <er>Air brake</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Brake beam</col> &or; <col>Brake bar</col></mcol>, <cd>the beam that connects the brake blocks of opposite wheels.</cd> -- <col>Brake block</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The part of a brake holding the brake shoe.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A brake shoe.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Brake shoe</col> or <col>Brake rubber</col></mcol>, <cd>the part of a brake against which the wheel rubs.</cd> -- <col>Brake wheel</col>, <cd>a wheel on the platform or top of a car by which brakes are operated.</cd> -- <col>Continuous brake</col> . <cd>See under <er>Continuous</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brakeman</h1>
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<hw>Brake"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Brakemen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Railroads)</fld> <def>A man in charge of a brake or brakes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The man in charge of the winding (or hoisting) engine for a mine.</def>

<h1>Braky</h1>
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<hw>Brak"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of brakes; abounding with brambles, shrubs, or ferns; rough; thorny.</def>

<blockquote>In the woods and <b>braky</b> glens.
<i>W. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brama</h1>
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<hw>Bra"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Brahma</er>.</def>

<h1>Bramah press</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bra"mah press`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A hydrostatic press of immense power, invented by Joseph <i>Bramah</i> of London. See under <er>Hydrostatic</er>.</def>

<h1>Bramble</h1>
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<hw>Bram"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brembil</ets>, AS.<ets>br</ets><?/mbel, br<?/mbel (akin to OHG. <ets>bramal</ets>), fr. the same root as E. <ets>broom</ets>, As. <ets>br<?/m</ets>. See <er>Broom</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the genus <spn>Rubus</spn>, including the raspberry and blackberry. Hence: Any rough, prickly shrub.</def>

<blockquote>The thorny <b>brambles</b>, and embracing bushes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The brambling or bramble finch.</def>

<h1>Bramble bush</h1>
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<hw>Bram"ble bush`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The bramble, or a collection of brambles growing together.</def>

<blockquote>He jumped into a <b>bramble bush</b>
And scratched out both his eyes.
<i>Mother Goose.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brambled</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bram"bled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Overgrown with brambles.</def>

<blockquote>Forlorn she sits upon the <b>brambled</b> floor.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bramble net</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bram"ble net`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A net to catch birds.</def>

<h1>Brambling</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bram"bling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bramline</ets>. See <er>Bramble</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European mountain finch (Fringilla montifringilla); -- called also <altname>bramble finch</altname> and <altname>bramble</altname>.</def>

<h1>Brambly</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bram"bly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, resembling, or full of, brambles.</def> "In <i>brambly</i> wildernesses."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Brame</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Brame</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Breme</er>.]</ety> <def>Sharp passion; vexation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Heart-burning <b>brame</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bramin, Braminic</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw><hw>Bra"min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bra*min"ic</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, etc. See <er>Brahman</er>, <er>Brachmanic</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Bran</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bren</ets>, <ets>bran</ets>, OF. <ets>bren</ets>, F. <ets>bran</ets>, from Celtic; cf. Armor. <ets>brenn</ets>, Ir. <ets>bran</ets>, bran, chaff.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The broken coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain, separated from the flour or meal by sifting or bolting; the coarse, chaffy part of ground grain.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European carrion crow.</def>

<h1>Brancard</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"card</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A litter on which a person may be carried.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Coigrave.</i>

<h1>Branch</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Branch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Branches</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>braunche</ets>, F. <ets>branche</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>branca</ets> claw of a bird or beast of prey; cf. Armor. <ets>brank</ets> branch, bough.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shoot or secondary stem growing from the main stem, or from a principal limb or bough of a tree or other plant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any division extending like a branch; any arm or part connected with the main body of thing; ramification; <as>as, the <ex>branch</ex> of an antler; the <ex>branch</ex> of a chandelier; a <ex>branch</ex> of a river; a <ex>branch</ex> of a railway.</as></def>

<blockquote>Most of the <b>branches</b> , or streams, were dried up.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any member or part of a body or system; a distinct article; a section or subdivision; a department.</def> "<i>Branches</i> of knowledge."

<i>Prescott.</i>

<blockquote>It is a <b>branch</b> and parcel of mine oath.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>One of the portions of a curve that extends outwards to an indefinitely great distance; <as>as, the <ex>branches</ex> of an hyperbola</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A line of family descent, in distinction from some other line or lines from the same stock; any descendant in such a line; <as>as, the English <ex>branch</ex> of a family</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His father, a younger <b>branch</b> of the ancient stock.
<i>Carew.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A warrant or commission given to a pilot, authorizing him to pilot vessels in certain waters.</def>

<cs><col>Branches of a bridle</col>, <cd>two pieces of bent iron, which bear the bit, the cross chains, and the curb.</cd> -- <col>Branch herring</col>. <cd>See <er>Alewife</er>.</cd> -- <col>Root and branch</col> , <cd>totally, wholly.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Bough; limb; shoot; offshoot; twig; sprig.</syn>

<h1>Branch</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Branch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Diverging from, or tributary to, a main stock, line, way, theme, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>branch</ex> vein; a <ex>branch</ex> road or line; a <ex>branch</ex> topic; a <ex>branch</ex> store.</as></def>

<h1>Branch</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Branch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Branched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Branching</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shoot or spread in branches; to separate into branches; to ramify.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To divide into separate parts or subdivision.</def>

<cs><col>To branch off</col>, <cd>to form a branch or a separate part; to diverge.</cd> -- <col>To branch out</col>, <cd>to speak diffusively; to extend one's discourse to other topics than the main one; also, to enlarge the scope of one's business, etc.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>To <b>branch out</b> into a long disputation.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Branch</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Branch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To divide as into branches; to make subordinate division in.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To adorn with needlework representing branches, flowers, or twigs.</def>

<blockquote>The train whereof loose far behind her strayed,
<b>Branched</b> with gold and pearl, most richly wrought.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brancher</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Branch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which shoots forth branches; one who shows growth in various directions.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>A young hawk when it begins to leave the nest and take to the branches.</def>

<h1>Branchery</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Branch"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A system of branches.</def>

<h1>Branchia</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"chi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Branchi\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, pl. of <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A gill; a respiratory organ for breathing the air contained in water, such as many aquatic and semiaquatic animals have.</def>

<h1>Branchial</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"chi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to branchi\'91 or gills.</def>

<cs><col>Branchial arches</col>, <cd>the bony or cartilaginous arches which support the gills on each side of the throat of fishes and amphibians. See <i>Illustration<i> in Appendix.</cd> -- <col>Branchial clefts</col>, <cd>the openings between the branchial arches through which water passes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Branchiate</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Furnished with branchi\'91; <as>as, <ex>branchiate</ex> segments</as>.</def>

<h1>Branchiferous</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran*chif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having gills; branchiate; <as><as>as, <ex>branchiferous</ex> gastropods</as></as>.</def>

<h1>Branchiness</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Branch"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fullness of branches.</def>

<h1>Branching</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Branch"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with branches; shooting our branches; extending in a branch or branches.</def>

<blockquote>Shaded with <b>branching</b> palm.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Branching</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Branch"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or state of separation into branches; division into branches; a division or branch.</def>

<blockquote>The sciences, with their numerous <b>branchings</b>.
<i>L. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Branchiogastropoda</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran`chi*o*gas*trop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ gill + E. <ets>gastropoda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Those Gastropoda that breathe by branchi\'91, including the Prosobranchiata and Opisthobranchiata.</def>

<h1>Branchiomerism</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran`chi*om"er*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ gill + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The state of being made up of branchiate segments.</def>

<i>R. Wiedersheim.</i>

<h1>Branchiopod</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"chi*o*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Branchiopoda.</def>

<h1>Branchiopoda</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"chi*o*poda</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ gill + <ets>-poda</ets>: cf. F. <ets>branchiopode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Entomostraca; -- so named from the feet of branchiopods having been supposed to perform the function of gills. It includes the fresh-water genera <i>Branchipus</i>, <i>Apus</i>, and <i>Limnadia</i>, and the genus <i>Artemia</i> found in salt lakes. It is also called <i>Phyllopoda</i>. See <er>Phyllopoda</er>, <er>Cladocera</er>. It is sometimes used in a broader sense.</def>

<h1>Branchiostegal</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran`chi*os"te*gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ gill + <?/ to cover: cf. F. <ets>branchiost\'8age</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the membrane covering the gills of fishes.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A branchiostegal ray. See <i>Illustration</i> of <cref>Branchial arches</cref> in Appendix.</def></def2>

<note>&hand; This term was formerly applied to a group of fishes having boneless branchi\'91. But the arrangement was artificial, and has been rejected.</note>

<h1>Branchiostege</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran`chi*os"tege</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The branchiostegal membrane. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Branchiostegous</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran`chi*os"te*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Branchiostegal.</def>

<h1>Branchiostoma</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran`chi*os"to*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr., Gr. <?/ gill + <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lancelet. See <er>Amphioxus</er>.</def>

<h1>Branchiura</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"chi*u"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr., Gr. <?/ gill + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Entomostraca, with suctorial mouths, including species parasitic on fishes, as the carp lice (<spn>Argulus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Branchless</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Branch"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitude of branches or shoots; without any valuable product; barren; naked.</def>

<h1>Branchlet</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Branch"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Branch</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little branch; a twig.</def>

<h1>Branch pilot</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Branch" pi`lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A pilot who has a branch or commission, as from Trinity House, England, for special navigation.</def>

<h1>Branchy</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Branch"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of branches; having wide-spreading branches; consisting of branches.</def>

<blockquote>Beneath thy <b>branchy</b> bowers of thickest gloom.
<i>J. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brand</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Brand</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brand</ets>, <ets>brond</ets>, AS. <ets>brand brond</ets> brand, sword, from <ets>byrnan</ets>, <ets>beornan</ets>, to burn; akin to D., Dan., Sw., & G. <ets>brand</ets> brand, Icel. <ets>brandr</ets> a brand, blade of a sword. &root;32.  See <er>Burn</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Brandish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A burning piece of wood; or a stick or piece of wood partly burnt, whether burning or after the fire is extinct.</def>

<blockquote>Snatching a live <b>brand</b> from a wigwam, Mason threw it on a matted roof.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sword, so called from its glittering or flashing brightness.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>Paradise, so late their happy seat,
Waved over by that flaming <b>brand</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A mark made by burning with a hot iron, as upon a cask, to designate the quality, manufacturer, etc., of the contents, or upon an animal, to designate ownership; -- also, a mark for a similar purpose made in any other way, as with a stencil. Hence, figurately: Quality; kind; grade; <as>as, a good <ex>brand</ex> of flour</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A mark put upon criminals with a hot iron. Hence: Any mark of infamy or vice; a stigma.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>brand</b> of private vice.
<i>Channing.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An instrument to brand with; a branding iron.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any minute fungus which produces a burnt appearance in plants. The brands are of many species and several genera of the order <spn>Puccini\'91i</spn>.</def>

<h1>Brand</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Brand</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.t</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Branded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Branding</er>.]</wordforms>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>To burn a distinctive mark into or upon with a hot iron, to indicate quality, ownership, etc., or to mark as infamous (as a convict).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put an actual distinctive mark upon in any other way, as with a stencil, to show quality of contents, name of manufacture, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: To fix a mark of infamy, or a stigma, upon.</def>

<blockquote>The Inquisition <b>branded</b> its victims with infamy.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There were the enormities, <b>branded</b> and condemned by the first and most natural verdict of common humanity.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To mark or impress indelibly, as with a hot iron.</def>

<blockquote>As if it were <b>branded</b> on my mind.
<i>Geo. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<hw>Brand"er<tt>hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, brands; a branding iron.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gridiron.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Brand goose</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Brand" goose`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Prob. fr. 1st <ets>brand</ets> + <ets>goose</ets>: cf. Sw. <ets>brandg\'86s</ets>. Cf. <er>Brant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of wild goose (<spn>Branta bernicla</spn>) usually called in America <altname>brant</altname>. See <er>Brant</er>.</def>

<h1>Brandied</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"died</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mingled with brandy; made stronger by the addition of brandy; flavored or treated with brandy; <as>as, <ex>brandied</ex> peaches</as>.</def>

<h1>Branding iron</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Brand"ing i`*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>An iron to brand with.</def>

<h1>Brand iron</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Brand" i`ron</hw>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A branding iron.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A trivet to set a pot on.</def>

<i>Huloet.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The horizontal bar of an andiron.</def>

<h1>Brandish</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"dish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brandished</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Brandishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>braundisen</ets>, F. <ets>brandir</ets>, fr. <ets>brand</ets> a sword, fr. OHG. <ets>brant</ets> brand. See <er>Brand</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move or wave, as a weapon; to raise and move in various directions; to shake or flourish.</def>

<blockquote>The quivering lance which he <b>brandished</b> bright.
<i>Drake.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To play with; to flourish; <as>as, to <ex>brandish</ex> syllogisms</as>.</def>

<h1>Brandish</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"dish</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flourish, as with a weapon, whip, etc.</def> "<i>Brandishes</i> of the fan."

<i>Tailer.</i>

<h1>Brandisher</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"dish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who brandishes.</def>

<h1>Brandle</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brandiller</ets>.]</ety> <def>To shake; to totter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Brandling, Brandlin</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw><hw>Brand"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Brand"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Branlin</er>, fish and worm.</def>

<h1>Brand-new</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Brand"-new"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Brand</er>, and cf. <er>Brannew</er>.]</ety> <def>Quite new; bright as if fresh from the forge.</def>

<h1>Brand spore</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Brand" spore`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of several spores growing in a series or chain, and produced by one of the fungi called <i>brand</i>.</def>

<h1>Brandy</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Brandies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[From older <ets>brandywine</ets>, <ets>brandwine</ets>, fr. D. <ets>brandewijn</ets>, fr. p. p. of <ets>branden</ets> to burn, distill + <ets>wijn</ets> wine, akin to G. <ets>branntwein</ets>. See <er>Brand</er>.]</ety> <def>A strong alcoholic liquor distilled from wine. The name is also given to spirit distilled from other liquors, and in the United States to that distilled from cider and peaches. In northern Europe, it is also applied to a spirit obtained from grain.</def>

<cs><col>Brandy fruit</col>, <cd>fruit preserved in brandy and sugar.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brandywine</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"dy*wine`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Brandy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Brangle</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>brangled</ets> confused, entangled, Scot. <ets>brangle</ets> to shake, menace; probably a variant of <ets>wrangle</ets>, confused with <ets>brawl</ets>. &root;95.> ]</ety> <def>A wrangle; a squabble; a noisy contest or dispute.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>brangle</b> between him and his neighbor.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brangle</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"gle</hw>, <tt>v.i</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brangled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Brangling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To wrangle; to dispute contentiously; to squabble.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Branglement</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"gle*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrangle; brangle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Brangler</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"gler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A quarrelsome person.</def>

<h1>Brangling</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"gling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A quarrel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Whitlock.</i>

<h1>Brank</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Brank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. of Celtic origin; cf. L. <ets>brance</ets>, <ets>brace</ets>, the Gallic name of a particularly white kind of corn.]</ety> <def>Buckwheat.</def> <mark>[Local, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Brank, Branks</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw><hw>Brank</hw>, <hw>Branks</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gael. <ets>brangus</ets>, <ets>brangas</ets>, a sort of pillory, Ir. <ets>brancas</ets> halter, or D. <ets>pranger</ets> fetter.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sort of bridle with wooden side pieces.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A scolding bridle, an instrument formerly used for correcting scolding women. It was an iron frame surrounding the head and having a triangular piece entering the mouth of the scold.</def>

<h1>Brank</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Brank</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hold up and toss the head; -- applied to horses as spurning the bit.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prance; to caper.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Brankursine</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Brank"ur*sine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>branc-ursine</ets>, <ets>branch-ursine</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>branca</ets> claw + L. <ets>ursinus</ets> belonging to a bear (fr. <ets>ursus</ets> bear), <ets>i</ets> .<ets>e</ets>., bear's claw, because its leaves resemble the claws of a bear. Cf. <er>Branch</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bear's-breech, or Acanthus.</def>

<h1>Branlin</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>branlie</ets> fr. <ets>brand</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young salmon or parr, in the stage in which it has transverse black bands, as if burned by a gridiron.</def>

<h1>Branlin</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"lin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Brand</er>.]</ety> <def>A small red worm or larva, used as bait for small fresh-water fish; -- so called from its red color.</def>

<h1>Bran-new</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"-new"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Brand-new</er>.</def>

<h1>Branny</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the appearance of bran; consisting of or containing bran.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Bransle</h1>
<Xpage=175>

<hw>Bran"sle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Brawl</er> a dance.]</ety> <def>A brawl or dance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<hr>
<page="176">
Page 176<p>

<h1>Brant</h1>
<Xpage=176>

<hw>Brant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.<er>Brand goose</er>, <er>Brent</er>, <er>Brenicle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of wild goose (<spn>Branta bernicla</spn>) -- called also <altname>brent</altname> and <altname>brand goose</altname>. The name is also applied to other related species.</def>

<h1>Brant</h1>
<Xpage=176>

<hw>Brant</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Brent</er>.]</ety> <def>Steep.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Brantail</h1>
<Xpage=176>

<hw>Bran"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European redstart; -- so called from the red color of its tail.</def>

<h1>Brant-fox</h1>
<Xpage=176>

<hw>Brant"-fox`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>brand-fox</ets>; cf. G. <ets>brandfuchs</ets>, Sw. <ets>bradr\'84f</ets>. So called from its yellowish brown and somewhat black color. See <er>Brand</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of fox found in Sweden (<spn>Vulpes alopex</spn>), smaller than the common fox <spn>(V. vulgaris)</spn>, but probably a variety of it.</def>

<h1>Branular</h1>
<Xpage=176>

<hw>Bran"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the brain; cerebral.</def>

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Brasen</h1>
<Xpage=176>

<hw>Bra"sen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Brazen</er>.</def>

<h1>Brash</h1>
<Xpage=176>

<hw>Brash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gael. <ets>bras</ets> or G. <ets>barsch</ets> harsh, sharp, tart, impetuous, D. <ets>barsch</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>barsk</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hasty in temper; impetuous.</def>

<i>Grose.</i>

<h1>Brash</h1>
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<hw>Brash</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Amer. <ets>bresk</ets>, <ets>brusk</ets>, fragile, brittle.]</ety> <def>Brittle, as wood or vegetables.</def> <mark>[Colloq., U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Brash</h1>
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<hw>Brash</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Brash</er> brittle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rash or eruption; a sudden or transient fit of sickness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Refuse boughs of trees; also, the clippings of hedges.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Broken and angular fragments of rocks underlying alluvial deposits.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Broken fragments of ice.</def>

<i>Kane.</i>

<cs><col>Water brash</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an affection characterized by a spasmodic pain or hot sensation in the stomach with a rising of watery liquid into the mouth; pyrosis.</cd> -- <col>Weaning brash</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a severe form of diarrhea which sometimes attacks children just weaned.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brasier, Brazier</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bra"sier</hw>, <hw>Bra"zier</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brasiere</ets>, F. <ets>braise</ets> live coals. See <er>Brass</er>.]</ety> <def>An artificer who works in brass.</def>

<i>Franklin.</i>

<h1>Brasier, Brazier</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bra"sier</hw>, <hw>Bra"zier</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brasier</ets>, <ets>brais\'a1er</ets>, fr. <ets>braise</ets> live coals. See <er>Brass</er>.]</ety> <def>A pan for holding burning coals.</def>

<h1>Brass</h1>
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<hw>Brass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Brasses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>bras</ets>, <ets>bres</ets>, AS. <ets>br</ets>\'91<ets>s</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bras</ets> cement, solder, <ets>brasa</ets> to harden by fire, and to E. <ets>braze</ets>, <ets>brazen</ets>. Cf. 1st & 2d <er>Braze</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An alloy (usually yellow) of copper and zinc, in variable proportion, but often containing two parts of copper to one part of zinc. It sometimes contains tin, and rarely other metals.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A journal bearing, so called because frequently made of brass. A brass is often lined with a softer metal, when the latter is generally called a <i>white metal lining</i>. See <er>Axle box</er>, <er>Journal Box</er>, and <er>Bearing</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Coin made of copper, brass, or bronze.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Provide neither gold, nor silver, nor <b>brass</b> in your purses, nor scrip for your journey.
<i>Matt. x. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Impudence; a brazen face.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Utensils, ornaments, or other articles of brass.</def>

<blockquote>The very scullion who cleans the <b>brasses</b>.
<i>Hopkinson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A brass plate engraved with a figure or device. Specifically, one used as a memorial to the dead, and generally having the portrait, coat of arms, etc.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Lumps of pyrites or sulphuret of iron, the color of which is near to that of brass.</def>

<note>&hand; The word <i>brass</i> as used in Sculpture language is a translation for <i>copper</i> or some kind of <i>bronze</i>.</note>

<note>&hand; <i>Brass</i> is often used adjectively or in self-explaining compounds; as, <i>brass</i> button, <i>brass</i> kettle, <i>brass</i> founder, <i>brass</i> foundry or <i>brass</i>foundry.</note>

<cs><col>Brass band</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a band of musicians who play upon wind instruments made of brass, as trumpets, cornets, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Brass foil</col>, <col>Brass leaf</col></mcol>, <cd>brass made into very thin sheets; -- called also <altname>Dutch gold</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brassage</h1>
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<hw>Bras"sage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A sum formerly levied to pay the expense of coinage; -- now called <altname>seigniorage</altname>.</def>

<h1>Brassart</h1>
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<hw>Bras"sart</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brassard</ets>, fr. <ets>bras</ets> arm. See <er>Brace</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Armor for the arm; -- generally used for the whole arm from the shoulder to the wrist, and consisting, in the 15th and 16th centuries, of many parts.</def>

<h1>Brasse</h1>
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<hw>Brasse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. a transposition of <ets>barse</ets>; but cf. LG. <ets>brasse</ets> the bream, G. <ets>brassen</ets> Cf. <er>Bream</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spotted European fish of the genus <i>Lucioperca</i>, resembling a perch.</def>

<h1>Brassets</h1>
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<hw>Bras"sets</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Brassart</er>.</def>

<h1>Brassica</h1>
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<hw>Bras"si*ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., cabbage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants embracing several species ad varieties differing much in appearance and qualities: such as the common cabbage <spn>(B. oleracea)</spn>, broccoli, cauliflowers, etc.; the wild turnip <spn>(B. campestris)</spn>; the common turnip <spn>(B. rapa)</spn>; the rape of coleseed <spn>(B. napus)</spn>, etc.</def>

<h1>Brassicaceous</h1>
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<hw>Bras`si*ca"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>brassica</ets> cabbage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Related to, or resembling, the cabbage, or plants of the Cabbage family.</def>

<h1>Brassiness</h1>
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<hw>Brass"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state, conditions, or quality of being brassy.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Brass-visaged</h1>
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<hw>Brass"-vis"aged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Impudent; bold.</def>

<h1>Brassy</h1>
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<hw>Brass"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to brass; having the nature, appearance, or hardness, of brass.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Impudent; impudently bold.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Brast</h1>
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<hw>Brast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Burst</er>.]</ety> <def>To burst.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And both his y\'89n <b>braste</b> out of his face.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Dreadfull furies which their chains have <b>brast</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brat</h1>
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<hw>Brat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bratt</ets> coarse garnment, AS. <ets>bratt</ets> cloak, fr. the Celtic; cf. W. <ets>brat</ets> clout, rag, Gael. <ets>brat</ets> cloak, apron, raf, Ir. <ets>brat</ets> cloak; properly then, a child's bib or clout; hence, a child.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A coarse garnment or cloak; also, coarse clothing, in general.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A coarse kind of apron for keeping the clothes clean; a bib.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A child; an offspring; -- formerly used in a good sense, but now usually in a contemptuous sense.</def> "This <i>brat</i> is none of mine." <i>Shak.</i>  "A beggar's <i>brat</i>."

<i>Swift.</i>

<blockquote>O Israel! O household of the Lord!
O Abraham's <b>brats</b>! O brood of blessed seed!
<i>Gascoigne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The young of an animal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Brat</h1>
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<hw>Brat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A thin bed of coal mixed with pyrites or carbonate of lime.</def>

<h1>Bratsche</h1>
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<hw>Brat"sche</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., fr. It. viola da <ets>braccio</ets> viola held on the arm.]</ety> <def>The tenor viola, or viola.</def>

<h1>Brattice</h1>
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<hw>Brat"tice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Brettice</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A wall of separation in a shaft or gallery used for ventilation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Planking to support a roof or wall.</def>

<h1>Brattishing</h1>
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<hw>Brat"tish*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>See <er>Brattice</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Carved openwork, as of a shrine, battlement, or parapet.</def>

<h1>Braunite</h1>
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<hw>Braun"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A native oxide of manganese, of dark brownish black color. It was named from a Mr. <i>Braun</i> of Gotha.</def>

<h1>Bravade</h1>
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<hw>Bra*vade"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bravado.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fanshawe.</i>

<h1>Bravado</h1>
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<hw>Bra*va"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <plu>pl. <plw>Bravadoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Sp. <ets>bravada</ets>, <ets>bravata</ets>, boast, brag: cf. F. <ets>bravade</ets>. See <er>Brave</er>.]</ety> <def>Boastful and threatening behavior; a boastful menace.</def>

<blockquote>In spite of our host's <b>bravado</b>.
<i>Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brave</h1>
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<hw>Brave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Braver</er>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Bravest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>brave</ets>, It. or Sp. <ets>bravo</ets>, (orig.) fierce, wild, savage, prob. from. L. <ets>barbarus</ets>. See <er>Barbarous</er>, and cf. <er>Bravo</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Bold; courageous; daring; intrepid; -- opposed to <i>cowardly</i>; <as>as, a <ex>brave</ex> man; a <ex>brave</ex> act.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having any sort of superiority or excellence; -- especially such as in conspicuous.</def> <mark>[Obs. or <i>Archaic</i> as applied to material things.]</mark>

<blockquote>Iron is a <b>brave</b> commodity where wood aboundeth.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It being a <b>brave</b> day, I walked to Whitehall.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Making a fine show or display.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Wear my dagger with the <b>braver</b> grace.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For I have gold, and therefore will be <b>brave</b>.
In silks I'll rattle it of every color.
<i>Robert Greene.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Frog and lizard in holiday coats
And turtle <b>brave</b> in his golden spots.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Courageous; gallant; daring; valiant; valorous; bold; heroic; intrepid; fearless; dauntless; magnanimous; high-spirited; stout-hearted. See <er>Gallant</er>.</syn>

<h1>Brave</h1>
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<hw>Brave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A brave person; one who is daring.</def>

<blockquote>The star-spangled banner, O,long may it wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the <b>brave</b>.
<i>F. S. Key.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, an Indian warrior.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A man daring beyond discretion; a bully.</def>

<blockquote>Hot <b>braves</b> like thee may fight.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A challenge; a defiance; bravado.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Demetrius, thou dost overween in all;
And so in this, to bear me down with <b>braves</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brave</h1>
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<hw>Brave</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Braved</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Braving</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To encounter with courage and fortitude; to set at defiance; to defy; to dare.</def>

<blockquote>These I can <b>brave</b>, but those I can not bear.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To adorn; to make fine or showy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou [a tailor whom Grunio was browbeating] hast <b>braved</b> meny men; brave not me; I'll neither be faced or braved.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bravely</h1>
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<hw>Brave"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a brave manner; courageously; gallantly; valiantly; splendidly; nobly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Finely; gaudily; gayly; showily.</def>

<blockquote>And [she] decked herself <b>bravely</b> to allure the eyes of all men that should see her.
<i>Judith. x. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Well; thrivingly; prosperously.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Braveness</h1>
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<hw>Brave"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of state or being brave.</def>

<h1>Bravery</h1>
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<hw>Brav"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>braverie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being brave; fearless; intrepidity.</def>

<blockquote>Remember, sir, my liege, . . .
The natural <b>bravery</b> of your isle.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of braving; defiance; bravado.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Reform, then, without <b>bravery</b> or scandal of former times and persons.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Splendor; magnificence; showy appearance; ostentation; fine dress.</def>

<blockquote>With scarfs and fans and double change of <b>bravery</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Like a stately ship . . .
With all her <b>bravery</b> on, and tackle trim.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A showy person; a fine gentleman; a beau.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A man that is the <b>bravery</b> of his age.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Courage; heroism; interpidity; gallantry; valor; fearlessness; dauntlessness; hardihood; manfulness. See <er>Courage</er>, and <er>Heroism</er>.</syn>

<h1>Braving</h1>
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<hw>Brav"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bravado; a boast.</def>

<blockquote>With so proud a strain
Of threats and <b>bravings</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bravingly</h1>
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<hw>Brav"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a defiant manner.</def>

<h1>Bravo</h1>
<Xpage=176>

<hw>Bra"vo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bravoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[I. See <er>Brave</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A daring villain; a bandit; one who sets law at defiance; a professional assassin or murderer.</def>

<blockquote>Safe from detection, seize the unwary prey.
And stab, like <b>bravoes</b>, all who come this way.
<i>Churchill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bravo</h1>
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<hw>Bra"vo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Brave</er>.]</ety> <def>Well done! excellent! an exclamation expressive of applause.</def>

<h1>Bravura</h1>
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<hw>Bra*vu"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., (properly) bravery, spirit, from <ets>bravo</ets>. See <er>Brave</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A florid, brilliant style of music, written for effect, to show the range and flexibility of a singer's voice, or the technical force and skill of a performer; <i>virtuoso</i> music.</def>

<cs><col>Aria di bravura</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety>, <cd>a florid air demanding brilliant execution.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brawl</h1>
<Xpage=176>

<hw>Brawl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brawled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Brawling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>braulen</ets> to quarrel, boast, <ets>brallen</ets> to cry, make a noise; cf. LG. <ets>brallen</ets> to brag, MHG. <ets>pr</ets><?/<ets>ulen</ets>, G. <ets>prahlen</ets>, F. <ets>brailler</ets> to cry, shout, Pr. <ets>brailar</ets>, <ets>braillar</ets>, W. <ets>bragal</ets> to vociferate, brag, Armor. <ets>bragal</ets> to romp, to strut, W. <ets>broliaw</ets> to brag, <ets>brawl</ets> boast. <?/95.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To quarrel noisily and outrageously.</def>

<blockquote>Let a man that is a man consider that he is a fool that <b>brawleth</b> openly with his wife.
<i>Golden Boke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To complain loudly; to scold.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make a loud confused noise, as the water of a rapid stream running over stones.</def>

<blockquote>Where the brook <b>brawls</b> along the painful road.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To wrangle; squabble; contend.</syn>

<h1>Brawl</h1>
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<hw>Brawl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A noisy quarrel; loud, angry contention; a wrangle; a tumult; <as>as, a drunken <ex>brawl</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>His sports were hindered by the <b>brawls</b>.
<i>Shak</i></blockquote>.

<syn>Syn. -- Noise; quarrel; uproar; row; tumult.</syn>

<h1>Brawler</h1>
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<hw>Brawl"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One that brawls; wrangler.</def>

<cs><col>Common brawler</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one who disturbs a neighborhood by brawling (and is therefore indictable at common law as a nuisance).</cd></cs>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Brawling</h1>
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<hw>Brawl"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Quarreling; quarrelsome; noisy.</def>

<blockquote>She is an irksome <b>brawling</b> scold.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Making a loud confused noise. See <er>Brawl</er>, <i>v. i.</i>, 3.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>brawling</b> stream.
<i>J. S. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brawlingly</h1>
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<hw>Brawl"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a brawling manner.</def>

<h1>Brawn</h1>
<Xpage=176>

<hw>Brawn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>braon</ets> fleshy part, muscle, fr. HG. <ets>br<?/to</ets> flesh, G. <ets>braten</ets> roast meat; akin to Icel. <ets>br<?/<?/</ets> flesh, food of beasts, AS. <ets>br</ets><?/de roast meat, <ets>br<?/dan</ets> to roast, G. <ets>braten</ets>, and possibly to E. <ets>breed</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A muscle; flesh.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Formed well of <b>brawns</b> and of bones.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Full, strong muscles, esp. of the arm or leg, muscular strength; a protuberant muscular part of the body; sometimes, the arm.</def>

<blockquote><b>Brawn</b> without brains is thine.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It was ordained that murderers should be brent on the <b>brawn</b> of the left hand.
<i>E. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And in my vantbrace put this withered <b>brawn</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The flesh of a boar; also, the salted and prepared flesh of a boar.</def>

<blockquote>The best age for the boar is from two to five years, at which time it is best to geld him, or sell him for <b>brawn</b>.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A boar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Brawned</h1>
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<hw>Brawned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Brawny; strong; muscular.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Brawner</h1>
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<hw>Brawn"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A boor killed for the table.</def>

<h1>Brawniness</h1>
<Xpage=176>

<hw>Brawn"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being brawny.</def>

<h1>Brawny</h1>
<Xpage=176>

<hw>Brawn"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having large, strong muscles; muscular; fleshy; strong.</def> "<i>Brawny</i> limbs."

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Muscular; fleshy; strong; bulky; sinewy; athletic; stalwart; powerful; robust.</syn>

<h1>Braxy</h1>
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<hw>Brax"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>breac</ets> rheum, <ets>broc</ets> sickness, Ir.   <ets>bracha</ets> corruption. <ets>Jamieson</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A disease of sheep. The term is variously applied in different localities.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A diseased sheep, or its mutton.</def>

<h1>Bray</h1>
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<hw>Bray</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brayed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Braying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>brayen</ets>, OF. <ets>breier</ets>, F. <ets>broyer</ets> to pound, grind, fr. OHG. <ets>brehhan</ets> to break. See <er>Break</er>.]</ety> <def>To pound, beat, rub, or grind small or fine.</def>

<blockquote>Though thou shouldest <b>bray</b> a fool in a mortar, . . . yet will not his foolishness depart from him.
<i>Prov. xxvii. 22.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bray</h1>
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<hw>Bray</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE <ets>brayen</ets>, F. <ets>braire</ets> to bray, OF. <ets>braire</ets> to cry, fr. LL. <ets>bragire</ets> to whinny; perh. fr. the Celtic and akin to E. <ets>break</ets>; or perh. of imitative origin.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter a loud, harsh cry, as an ass.</def>

<blockquote>Laugh, and they
Return it louder than an ass can <b>bray</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a harsh, grating, or discordant noise.</def>

<blockquote>Heard ye the din of battle <b>bray</b>?
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bray</h1>
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<hw>Bray</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make or utter with a loud, discordant, or harsh and grating sound.</def>

<blockquote>Arms on armor clashing, <b>brayed</b>
Horrible discord.
<i>MIlton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And varying notes the war pipes <b>brayed</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bray</h1>
<Xpage=176>

<hw>Bray</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The harsh cry of an ass; also, any harsh, grating, or discordant sound.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>bray</b> and roar of multitudinous London.
<i>Jerrold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bray</h1>
<Xpage=176>

<hw>Bray</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>braye</ets>, <ets>brey</ets>, <ets>brew</ets>, eyebrow, brow of a hill, hill, bank, Scot. <ets>bra</ets>, <ets>brae</ets>, <ets>bray</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>br<?/w</ets> eyebrow, influenced by the allied Icel. <ets>br<?/</ets> eyebrow, bank, also akin to AS. <ets>br</ets><?/ yebrow. See <er>Brow</er>.]</ety> <def>A bank; the slope of a hill; a hill. See <er>Brae</er>, which is now the usual spelling.</def> <mark>[North of Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Brayer</h1>
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<hw>Bray"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An implement for braying and spreading ink in hand printing.</def>

<h1>Brayer</h1>
<Xpage=176>

<hw>Bray"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One that brays like an ass.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Braying</h1>
<Xpage=176>

<hw>Bray"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making a harsh noise; blaring.</def>  "<i>Braying</i> trumpets."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Braze</h1>
<Xpage=176>

<hw>Braze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brazed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p</tt>. <tt>pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Brazing</er>.]  <ety>[F. <ets>braser</ets> to solder, fr. Icel. <ets>brasa</ets> to harden by fire. Cf. <er>Brass</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To solder with hard solder, esp. with an alloy of copper and zinc; <as>as, to <ex>braze</ex> the seams of a copper pipe</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To harden.</def> "Now I am <i>brazes</i> to it."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Braze</h1>
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<hw>Braze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>br\'91sian</ets>, fr. <ets>br\'91s</ets> brass. See <er>Brass</er>.]</ety> <def>To cover or ornament with brass.</def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Brazen</h1>
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<hw>Bra"zen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[OE. <ets>brasen</ets>, AS. <ets>br\'91sen</ets>. See <er>Brass</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, made of, or resembling, brass.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sounding harsh and loud, like resounding brass.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Impudent; immodest; shameless; having a front like brass; <as>as, a <ex>brazen</ex> countenance</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Brazen age</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> The age of war and lawlessness which succeeded the silver age. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Arch\'91ol.)</fld> See under <er>Bronze</er>.</cd> -- <col>Brazen sea</col> <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>a large laver of brass, placed in Solomon's temple for the use of the priests.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brazen</h1>
<Xpage=176>

<hw>Bra"zen</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brazened</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Brazening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To carry through impudently or shamelessly; <as>as, to <ex>brazen</ex> the matter through</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sabina <b>brazened</b> it out before Mrs. Wygram, but inwardly she was resolved to be a good deal more circumspect.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brazen-browed</h1>
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<hw>Bra"zen-browed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shamelessly impudent.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Brazenface</h1>
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<hw>Bra"zen*face`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An impudent of shameless person.</def> "Well said, <i>brazen</i>face; hold it out."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Brazenfaced</h1>
<Xpage=176>

<hw>Bra"zen*faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Impudent; shameless.</def>

<h1>Brazenly</h1>
<Xpage=176>

<hw>Bra"zen*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a bold, impudent manner.</def>

<hr>
<page="177">
Page 177<p>

<h1>Brazenness</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Bra"zen*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being brazen.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Brazier</h1>
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<hw>Bra"zier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Brasier</er>.</def>

<h1>Braziletto</h1>
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<hw>Braz`i*let"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Pg. & Sp. <ets>brasilete</ets>, It. <ets>brasiletto</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Brazil wood</er>.</def>

<h1>Brazilian</h1>
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<hw>Bra*zil"ian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Brasil.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A native or an inhabitant of Brazil.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Brazilian pebble</col>. <cd>See <er>Pebble</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brazilin</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Braz"i*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>br\'82siline</ets>. See <er>Brazil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance contained in both Brazil wood and Sapan wood, from which it is extracted as a yellow crystalline substance which is white when pure. It is colored intensely red by alkalies.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>brezilin</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Brazil nut</h1>
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<hw>Bra*zil" nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An oily, three-sided nut, the seed of the <spn>Bertholletia excelsa</spn>; the cream nut.</def>

<note>&hand; From eighteen to twenty-four of the seed or "nuts" grow in a hard and nearly globular shell.</note>

<h1>Brazil wood</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Bra*zil" wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[OE. <ets>brasil</ets>, LL. <ets>brasile</ets> (cf. Pg. & Sp. <ets>brasil</ets>, Pr. <ets>bresil</ets>, Pr. <ets>bresil</ets>); perh. from Sp. or Pg. <ets>brasa</ets> a live coal (cf. <er>Braze</er>, <er>Brasier</er>); or Ar. <ets>vars</ets> plant for dyeing red or yellow. This name was given to the wood from its color; and it is said that King Emanuel, of Portugal, gave the name Brazil to the country in South America on account of its producing this wood.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The wood of the oriental <spn>C\'91salpinia Sapan</spn>; -- so called before the discovery of America.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A very heavy wood of a reddish color, imported from Brazil and other tropical countries, for cabinet-work, and for dyeing. The best is the heartwood of <spn>C\'91salpinia echinata</spn>, a leguminous tree; but other trees also yield it. An interior sort comes from Jamaica, the timber of <spn>C. Braziliensis</spn> and <spn>C. crista</spn>. This is often distinguished as <i>Braziletto</i> , but the better kind is also frequently so named.</def>

<h1>Breach</h1>
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<hw>Breach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>breke</ets>, <ets>breche</ets>, AS. <ets>brice</ets>, <ets>gebrice</ets>, <ets>gebrece</ets> (in comp.), fr. <ets>brecan</ets> to break; akin to Dan. <ets>br\'91k</ets>, MHG. <ets>breche</ets>, gap, breach. See <er>Break</er>, and cf. <er>Brake</er> (the instrument), <er>Brack</er> a break]</ety> . <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of breaking, in a figurative sense.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: A breaking or infraction of a law, or of any obligation or tie; violation; non-fulfillment; <as>as, a <ex>breach</ex> of contract; a <ex>breach</ex> of promise</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A gap or opening made made by breaking or battering, as in a wall or fortification; the space between the parts of a solid body rent by violence; a break; a rupture.</def>

<blockquote>Once more unto the <b>breach</b>, dear friends, once more;
Or close the wall up with our English dead.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A breaking of waters, as over a vessel; the waters themselves; surge; surf.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord hath broken forth upon mine enemies before me, as the <b>breach</b> of waters.
<i>2 Sam. v. 20<?/</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>A clear breach</col> <cd>implies that the waves roll over the vessel without breaking.</cd> -- <col>A clean breach</col> <cd>implies that everything on deck is swept away.</cd></cs>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A breaking up of amicable relations; rupture.</def>

<blockquote>There's fallen between him and my lord
An unkind <b>breach</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A bruise; a wound.</def>

<blockquote><b>Breach</b> for <b>breach</b>, eye for eye.
<i>Lev. xxiv. 20<?/</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A hernia; a rupture.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A breaking out upon; an assault.</def>

<blockquote> The Lord had made a <b>breach</b> upon Uzza.
<i>1. Chron. xiii. 11<?/</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Breach of falth</col>, <cd>a breaking, or a failure to keep, an expressed or implied promise; a betrayal of confidence or trust.</cd> -- <col>Breach of peace</col>, <cd>disorderly conduct, disturbing the public peace.</cd> -- <col>Breach of privilege</col>, <cd>an act or default in violation of the privilege or either house of Parliament, of Congress, or of a State legislature, as, for instance, by false swearing before a committee.</cd></cs>

<i>Mozley. Abbott.</i>

<cs>- <col>Breach of promise</col>, <cd>violation of one's plighted word, esp. of a promise to marry.</cd> -- <col>Breach of trust</col>, <cd>violation of one's duty or faith in a matter entrusted to one.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Rent; cleft; chasm; rift; aperture; gap; break; disruption; fracture; rupture; infraction; infringement; violation; quarrel; dispute; contention; difference; misunderstanding.</syn>

<h1>Breach</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Breach</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Breached</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt> ; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Breaching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a breach or opening in; <as>as, to <ex>breach</ex> the walls of a city</as>.</def>

<h1>Breach</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Breach</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To break the water, as by leaping out; -- said of a whale.</def>

<h1>Breachy</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Breach"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Apt to break fences or to break out of pasture; unruly; <as>as, <ex>breachy</ex> cattle</as>.</def>

<h1>Bread</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Bread</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>br\'91dan</ets> to make broad, to spread. See <er>Broad</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To spread.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Bread</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Bread</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bre\'a0d</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>br\'bed</ets>, OS. <ets>br<?/d</ets>, D. <ets>brood</ets>, G. <ets>brod</ets>, <ets>brot</ets>, Icel. <ets>brau<?/</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>br\'94d</ets>. The root is probably that of E. <ets>brew</ets>. <?/ See <er>Brew</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An article of food made from flour or meal by moistening, kneading, and baking.</def>

<note>&hand; <col>Raised bread</col> is made with yeast, salt, and sometimes a little butter or lard, and is mixed with warm milk or water to form the dough, which, after kneading, is given time to rise before baking. -- <col>Cream of tartar bread</col> is raised by the action of an alkaline carbonate or bicarbonate (as saleratus or ammonium bicarbonate) and cream of tartar (acid tartrate of potassium) or some acid. -- <col>Unleavened bread</col> is usually mixed with water and salt only.</note>

<cs><col>A\'89rated bread</col>. <cd>See under <er>A\'89rated</er></cd>. <col>Bread and butter</col> <mark>(fig.)<mark>, <cd>means of living.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Brown bread</col>, <col>Indian bread</col>, <col>Graham bread</col>, <col>Rye and Indian bread</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>Brown bread</cref>, under <er>Brown</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bread tree</col>. <cd>See <er>Breadfruit</er>.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Food; sustenance; support of life, in general.</def>

<blockquote>Give us this day our daily <b>bread</b>.
<i>Matt. vi. 11</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bread</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Bread</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>To cover with bread crumbs, preparatory to cooking; <as>as, <ex>breaded</ex> cutlets</as>.</def>

<h1>Breadbasket</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Bread"bas`ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The stomach.</def> <mark>[Humorous]</mark>

<i>S. Foote.</i>

<h1>Breadcorn</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Bread"corn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Corn of grain of which bread is made, as wheat, rye, etc.</def>

<h1>Breaded</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Bread"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Braided</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Breaden</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Bread"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of bread.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Breadfruit</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Bread"fruit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fruit of a tree (<spn>Artocarpus incisa</spn>)  found in the islands of the Pacific, esp. the South Sea islands. It is of a roundish form, from four to six or seven inches in diameter, and, when baked, somewhat resembles bread, and is eaten as food, whence the name.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The tree itself, which is one of considerable size, with large, lobed leaves. Cloth is made from the bark, and the timber is used for many purposes. Called also <altname>breadfruit tree</altname> and <altname>bread tree</altname>.</def>

<h1>Breadless</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Bread"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without bread; destitude of food.</def>

<blockquote>Plump peers and <b>breadless</b> bards alike are dull.
<i>P. Whitehead.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Breadroot</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Bread`root"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The root of a leguminous plant (<spn>Psoralea esculenta</spn>), found near the Rocky Mountains. It is usually oval in form, and abounds in farinaceous matter, affording sweet and palatable food.</def>

<note>&hand; It is the <i>Pomme blanche</i> of Canadian voyageurs.</note>

<h1>Breadstuff</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Bread"stuff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Grain, flour, or meal of which bread is made.</def>

<h1>Breadth</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Breadth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brede</ets>, <ets>breede</ets>, whence later <ets>bredette</ets>, AS. <ets>br</ets><?/du, fr. <ets>br\'bed</ets> broad. See <er>Broad</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Distance from side to side of any surface or thing; measure across, or at right angles to the length; width.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> (<fld>Fine Arts</fld>) The quality of having the colors and shadows broad and massive, and the arrangement of objects such as to avoid to great multiplicity of details, producing an impression of largeness and simple grandeur; -- called also <altname>breadth of effect</altname>.

<blockquote><b>Breadth</b> of coloring is a prominent character in the painting of all great masters.
<i>Weale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Breadthless</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Breadth"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without breadth.</def>

<h1>Breadthways</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Breadth"ways</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>ads.</tt> <def>Breadthwise.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Breadthwise</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Breadth"wise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>ads.</tt> <def>In the direction of the breadth.</def>

<h1>Breadthwinner</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Breadth"win`ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The member of a family whose labor supplies the food of the family; one who works for his living.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Break</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Break</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>broke</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, (<mark>Obs.</mark> <er>Brake</er>); <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Broken</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, (<mark>Obs.</mark> <er>Broke</er>); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Breaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>breken</ets>, AS. <ets>brecan</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>brekan</ets>, D. <ets>breken</ets>, OHG. <ets>brehhan</ets>, G. <ets>brechen</ets>, Icel.<ets>braka</ets> to creak, Sw. <ets>braka</ets>, <ets>br\'84kka</ets> to crack, Dan. <ets>br\'91kke</ets> to break, Goth. <ets>brikan</ets> to break, L. <ets>frangere</ets>. Cf. <er>Bray</er> to pound, <er>Breach</er>, <er>Fragile</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strain apart; to sever by fracture; to divide with violence; <as>as, to <ex>break</ex> a rope or chain; to <ex>break</ex> a seal; to <ex>break</ex> an axle; to <ex>break</ex> rocks or coal; to <ex>break</ex> a lock.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lay open as by breaking; to divide; <as>as, to <ex>break</ex> a package of goods</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lay open, as a purpose; to disclose, divulge, or communicate.</def>

<blockquote>Katharine, <b>break</b> thy mind to me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To infringe or violate, as an obligation, law, or promise.</def>

<blockquote> Out, out, hyena! these are thy wonted arts . . .
<b>To break</b> all faith, all vows, deceive, betray.
<i>Milton</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To interrupt; to destroy the continuity of; to dissolve or terminate; <as>as, to <ex>break</ex> silence; to <ex>break</ex> one's sleep; to <ex>break</ex> one's journey.</as></def>

<blockquote>Go, release them, Ariel;

<blockquote>My charms I'll <b>break</b>, their senses I'll restore.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To destroy the completeness of; to remove a part from; <as>as, to <ex>break</ex> a set</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To destroy the arrangement of; to throw into disorder; to pierce; <as>as, the cavalry were not able to <ex>break</ex> the British squares</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To shatter to pieces; to reduce to fragments.</def>

<blockquote>The victim <b>broke</b> in pieces the musical instruments with which he had solaced the hours of captivity.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To exchange for other money or currency of smaller denomination; <as>as, to <ex>break</ex> a five dollar bill</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To destroy the strength, firmness, or consistency of; <as>as, to <ex>break</ex> flax</as>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>To weaken or impair, as health, spirit, or mind.</def>

<blockquote>An old man, <b>broken</b> with the storms of state.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>To diminish the force of; to lessen the shock of, as a fall or blow.</def>

<blockquote>I'll rather leap down first, and <b>break</b> your fall.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>To impart, as news or information; to broach; -- with <i>to</i>, and often with a modified word implying some reserve; <as>as, to <ex>break</ex> the news gently to the widow; to <ex>break</ex> a purpose cautiously to a friend.</as></def>

<p><b>14.</b> <def>To tame; to reduce to subjection; to make tractable; to discipline; <as>as, to <ex>break</ex> a horse to the harness or saddle</as>.</def> "To <i>break</i> a colt."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Why, then thou canst not <b>break her to the lute</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>15.</b> <def>To destroy the financial credit of; to make bankrupt; to ruin.</def>

<blockquote>With arts like these rich Matho, when he speaks,
Attracts all fees, and little lawyers <b>breaks</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>16.</b> <def>To destroy the official character and standing of; to cashier; to dismiss.</def>

<blockquote>I see a great officer <b>broken</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<note>With prepositions or adverbs: --</note>

<cs><col>To break down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To crush; to overwhelm; <as>as, to <ex>break down<ex> one's strength; to <ex>break down<ex> opposition</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To remove, or open a way through, by breaking; <as>as, to <ex>break down<ex> a door or wall</as>.</cd> -- <col>To break in</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To force in; <as>as, to <ex>break in<ex> a door</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To train; to discipline; <as>as, a horse well <ex>broken in<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>To break of</col>, <cd>to rid of; to cause to abandon; <as>as, to <ex>break<ex> one <ex>of<ex> a habit</as>.</cd> -- <col>To break off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To separate by breaking; <as>as, to <ex>break off<ex> a twig</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To stop suddenly; to abandon.</cd> "<i>Break off<i> thy sins by righteousness." <i>Dan. iv. 27.</i>  -- <col>To break open</col>, <cd>to open by breaking.</cd> "Open the door, or I will <ex>break it open</ex>." <i>Shak.</i> -- <col>To break out</col>, <cd>to take or force out by breaking; <as>as, to <ex>break out</ex> a pane of glass</as></cd>. -- <col>To break out a cargo</col>, <cd>to unstow a cargo, so as to unload it easily.</cd> -- <col>To break through</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To make an opening through, as, as by violence or the force of gravity; to pass violently through; <as>as, <ex>to break through</ex> the enemy's lines; <ex>to break through</ex> the ice</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To disregard; <as>as, <ex>to break through</ex> the ceremony</as>.</cd> -- <col>To break up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To separate into parts; to plow (new or fallow ground).</cd> "<i>Break up</i> this capon." <i>Shak.</i>  "<i>Break up</i> your fallow ground."
<i>Jer. iv. 3.</i>  (<sd>b</sd>) <cd>To dissolve; to put an end to.</cd> "<i>Break up</i> the court." <i>Shak.</i> -- <mcol><col>To break</col> (one) all <col>up</col></mcol>, <cd>to unsettle or disconcert completely; to upset.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<note>With an immediate object: -</note>

<cs><col>To break the back</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To dislocate the backbone; hence, to disable totally.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To get through the worst part of; <as>as, to <ex>break the back<ex> of a difficult undertaking</as>.</cd> -- <col>To break bulk</col>, <cd>to destroy the entirety of a load by removing a portion of it; to begin to unload; also, to transfer in detail, as from boats to cars.</cd> -- <col>To break cover</col>, <cd>to burst forth from a protecting concealment, as game when hunted.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To break a deer</col> &or; <col>stag</col></mcol>, <cd>to cut it up and apportion the parts among those entitled to a share.</cd> -- <col>To break fast</col>, <cd>to partake of food after abstinence. See <er>Breakfast</er>.</cd> -- <col>To break ground</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To open the earth as for planting; to commence excavation, as for building, siege operations, and the like; as, to <i>break ground<i> for a foundation, a canal, or a railroad.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Fig.: To begin to execute any plan.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To release the anchor from the bottom.</cd> -- <col>To break the heart</col>, <cd>to crush or overwhelm (one) with grief.</cd> -- <col>To break a house</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to remove or set aside with violence and a felonious intent any part of a house or of the fastenings provided to secure it.</cd> -- <col>To break the ice</col>, <cd>to get through first difficulties; to overcome obstacles and make a beginning; to introduce a subject.</cd> -- <col>To break jail</col>, <cd>to escape from confinement in jail, usually by forcible means.</cd> -- <col>To break a jest</col>, <cd>to utter a jest.</cd> "Patroclus . . . the livelong day <i>break<i> scurril jests."  <i>Shak.</i> -- <col>To break joints</col>, <cd>to lay or arrange bricks, shingles, etc., so that the joints in one course shall not coincide with those in the preceding course.</cd> -- <col>To break a lance</col>, <cd>to engage in a tilt or contest.</cd> -- <col>To break the neck</col>, <cd>to dislocate the joints of the neck.</cd> -- <col>To break no squares</col>, <cd>to create no trouble.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>To break a path</col>, <col>road</col>, etc.,</mcol> <cd>to open a way through obstacles by force or labor.</cd> -- <col>To break upon a wheel</col>, <cd>to execute or torture, as a criminal by stretching him upon a wheel, and breaking his limbs with an iron bar; -- a mode of punishment formerly employed in some countries.</cd> -- <col>To break wind</col>, <cd>to give vent to wind from the anus.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To dispart; rend; tear; shatter; batter; violate; infringe; demolish; destroy; burst; dislocate.</syn>

<h1>Break</h1>
<Xpage=177>

<hw>Break</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come apart or divide into two or more pieces, usually with suddenness and violence; to part; to burst asunder.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To open spontaneously, or by pressure from within, as a bubble, a tumor, a seed vessel, a bag.</def>

<blockquote>Else the bottle <b>break</b>, and the wine runneth out.
<i>Math. ix. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To burst forth; to make its way; to come to view; to appear; to dawn.</def>

<blockquote>The day begins to <b>break</b>, and night is fied.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And from the turf a fountain <b>broke</b>,
and gurgled at our feet.
<i>Wordswoorth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To burst forth violently, as a storm.</def>

<blockquote> The clouds are still above; and, while I speak,
A second deluge o'er our head may <b>break</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To open up. to be scattered; t be dissipated; <as>as, the clouds are <ex>breaking</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>At length the darkness begins to <b>break</b>.
<i>Macawlay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To become weakened in constitution or faculties; to lose health or strength.</def>

<blockquote>See how the dean begins to <b>break</b>;
<b>Poor gentleman <?/ he droops apace</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To be crushed, or overwhelmed with sorrow or grief; <as>as, my heart is <ex>breaking</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To fall in business; to become bankrupt.</def>

<blockquote>He that puts all upon adventures doth oftentimes <b>break</b>, and come to poverty.
<i>Bacn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To make an abrupt or sudden change; to change the gait; <as>as, to <ex>break into a run or gallop</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To fail in musical quality; <as>as, a singer's voice <ex>breaks</ex> when it is strained beyond its compass and a tone or note is not completed, but degenerates into an unmusical sound instead</as>. Also, to change in tone, as a boy's voice at puberty.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>To fall out; to terminate friendship.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>break upon</b> the score of danger or expense is to be mean and narrow-spirited.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<note>With prepositions or adverbs: -</note>

<cs><col>To break away</col>, <cd>to disengage one's self abruptly; to come or go away against resistance.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Fear me not, man; I will not <b>break away</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To break down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To come down by breaking; <as>as, the coach <ex>broke down</ex></as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To fail in any undertaking.</cd>

<blockquote>He had <b>broken down</b> almost at the outset.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

 -- <col>To break forth</col>, <cd>to issue; to come out suddenly, as sound, light, etc.</cd> "Then shall thy light <i>break forth</i> as the morning."

<i>Isa. lviii. 8;</i>

<note>often with <i>into</i> in expressing or giving vent to one's feelings. "<i>Break forth</i> into singing, ye mountains."  <rj><i> Isa. xliv. 23.</i></rj></note>

<col>To break from</col>, <cd>to go away from abruptly.</cd>

<blockquote>This radiant <b>from</b> the circling crowd he <b>broke</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

 -- <col>To break into</col>, <cd>to enter by breaking; as, </[to break into</i> a house.</cd> -- <col>To break in upon</col>, <cd>to enter or approach violently or unexpectedly.</cd> "This, this is he; softly awhile; let us not <i>break in upon</i> him."  <i> Milton.</i> -- <col>To break loose</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To extricate one's self forcibly.</cd> "Who would not, finding way, <i>break loose</i> from hell?" <i> Milton.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To cast off restraint, as of morals or propriety.</cd> -- <col>To break off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To become separated by rupture, or with suddenness and violence.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To desist or cease suddenly.</cd> "Nay, forward, old man; do not <i>break off</i> so." <i>Shak.</i>  -- <col>To break off from</col>, <cd>to desist from; to abandon, as a habit.</cd> -- <col>To break out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To burst forth; to escape from restraint; to appear suddenly, as a fire or an epidemic.</cd>  "For in the wilderness shall waters <i>break out</i>, and stream in the desert." <i>Isa. xxxv. 6</i>  <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To show itself in cutaneous eruptions; -- said of a disease.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To have a rash or eruption on the akin; -- said of a patient.</cd> -- <col>To break over</col>, <cd>to overflow; to go beyond limits.</cd> -- <col>To break up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To become separated into parts or fragments; as, the ice <i>break up</i> in the rivers; the wreck will <i>break up</i> in the next storm.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To disperse.</cd> "The company <i>breaks up</i>." <i>I. Watts.</i> -- <col>To break upon</col>, <cd>to discover itself suddenly to; to dawn upon.</cd> -- <col>To break with</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To fall out; to sever one's relations with; to part friendship.</cd> "It can not be the Volsces dare <i>break with</i> us." <i>Shak.</i>  "If she did not intend to marry Clive, she should have <i>broken with</i> him altogether." <i>Thackeray.</i>  <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To come to an explanation; to enter into conference; to speak.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "I will <i>break with</i> her and <i>with</i> her father." <i>Shak.</i></cs>

<hr>
<page="178">
Page 178<p>

<h1>Break</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Break</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Break</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Brake</er> (the instrument), <er>Breach</er>, <er>Brack</er> a crack.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An opening made by fracture or disruption.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An interruption of continuity; change of direction; as, a <i>break</i> in a wall; a <i>break</i> in the deck of a ship.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A projection or recess from the face of a displacement in the circuit, interrupting the electrical current.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An interruption; a pause; <as>as, a <ex>break</ex> in friendship; a <ex>break</ex> in the conversation.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An interruption in continuity in writing or printing, as where there is an omission, an unfilled line, etc.</def>

<blockquote>All modern trash is
Set forth with numerous <b>breaks</b> and dashes.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The first appearing, as of light in the morning; the dawn; <as>as, the <ex>break</ex> of day; the <ex>break</ex> of dawn.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A large four-wheeled carriage, having a straight body and calash top, with the driver's seat in front and the footman's behind.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A device for checking motion, or for measuring friction. See <er>Brake</er>, <tt>n.</tt> 9 & 10.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Teleg.)</fld> <def>See <er>Commutator</er>.</def>

<h1>Breakable</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Break"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being broken.</def>

<h1>Breakage</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Break"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of breaking; a break; a breaking; also, articles broken.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An allowance or compensation for things broken accidentally, as in transportation or use.</def>

<h1>Breakbone fever</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Break"bone` fe`ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dengue</er>.</def>

<h1>Break-circuit</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Break"-cir`cuit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A key or other device for breaking an electrical circuit.</def>

<h1>Breakdown</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Break"down`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or result of breaking down, as of a carriage; downfall.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A noisy, rapid, shuffling dance engaged in competitively by a number of persons or pairs in succession, as among the colored people of the Southern United States, and so called, perhaps, because the exercise is continued until most of those who take part in it <i>break down</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any rude, noisy dance performed by shuffling the feet, usually by one person at a time.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<blockquote>Don't clear out when the quadrilles are over, for we are going to have a <b>breakdown</b> to wind up with.
<i>New Eng. Tales.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Breaker</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Break"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, breaks.</def>

<blockquote>I'll be no <b>breaker</b> of the law.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: A machine for breaking rocks, or for breaking coal at the mines; also, the building in which such a machine is placed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small water cask.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A wave breaking into foam against the shore, or against a sand bank, or a rock or reef near the surface.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>breakers</b> were right beneath her bows.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Breakfast</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Break"fast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Break</ets> + <ets>fast</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The first meal in the day, or that which is eaten at the first meal.</def>

<blockquote>A sorry <b>breakfast</b> for my lord protector.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A meal after fasting, or food in general.</def>

<blockquote>The wolves will get a <b>breakfast</b> by my death.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Breakfast</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Break"fast</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>breakfasted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Breakfasting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To break one's fast in the morning; too eat the first meal in the day.</def>

<blockquote>First, sir, I read, and then I <b>breakfast</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Breakfast</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Break"fast</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with breakfast.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Breakman</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Break"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Brakeman</er>.</def>

<h1>Breakneck</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Break"neck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fall that breaks the neck.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A steep place endangering the neck.</def>

<h1>Breakneck</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Break"neck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Producing danger of a broken neck; <as>as, <ex>breakneck</ex> speed</as>.</def>

<h1>Break-up</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Break"-up`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disruption; a separation and dispersion of the parts or members; <as>as, a <ex>break-up</ex> of an assembly or dinner party; a <ex>break-up</ex> of the government.</as></def>

<h1>Breakwater</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Break"wa`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any structure or contrivance, as a mole, or a wall at the mouth of a harbor, to break the force of waves, and afford protection from their violence.</def>

<h1>Bream</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Bream</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>breme</ets>, <ets>brem</ets>, F. <ets>br\'88me</ets>, OF. <ets>bresme</ets>, of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>brahsema</ets>, <ets>brahsina</ets>, OLG. <ets>bressemo</ets>, G. <ets>brassen</ets>. Cf. <er>Brasse</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A European fresh-water cyprinoid fish of the genus <i>Abramis</i>, little valued as food. Several species are known.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>An American fresh-water fish, of various species of <i>Pomotis</i> and allied genera, which are also called <i>sunfishes</i> and pondfishes. See <er>Pondfish</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A marine sparoid fish of the genus <i>Pagellus</i>, and allied genera. See <er>Sea Bream</er>.</def>

<h1>Bream</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Bream</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Breamed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Breaming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Broom</er>, and G. ein schiff <ets>brennen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To clean, as a ship's bottom of adherent shells, seaweed, etc., by the application of fire and scraping.</def>

<h1>Breast</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Breast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brest</ets>, <ets>breost</ets>, As. <ets>bre\'a2st</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>brj<?/st</ets>, Sw. <ets>br\'94st</ets>, Dan. <ets>bryst</ets>, Goth. <ets>brusts</ets>, OS. <ets>briost</ets>, D. <ets>borst</ets>, G. <ets>brust</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fore part of the body, between the neck and the belly; the chest; <as>as, the <ex>breast</ex> of a man or of a horse</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Either one of the protuberant glands, situated on the front of the chest or thorax in the female of man and of some other mammalia, in which milk is secreted for the nourishment of the young; a mammma; a teat.</def>

<blockquote>My brother, that sucked the <b>breasts</b> of my mother.
<i>Cant. viii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything resembling the human breast, or bosom; the front or forward part of anything; <as>as, a chimney <ex>breast</ex>; a plow <ex>breast</ex>; the <ex>breast</ex> of a hill.</as></def>

<blockquote>Mountains on whose barren <b>breast</b>
The laboring clouds do often rest.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The face of a coal working.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The front of a furnace.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The seat of consciousness; the repository of thought and self-consciousness, or of secrets; the seat of the affections and passions; the heart.</def>

<blockquote>He has a loyal <b>breast</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The power of singing; a musical voice; -- so called, probably, from the connection of the voice with the lungs, which lie within the breast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>By my troth, the fool has an excellent <b>breast</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Breast drill</col>, <cd>a portable drilling machine, provided with a breastplate, for forcing the drill against the work.</cd> -- <col>Breast pang</col>. <cd>See <i>Angina pectoris<i>, under <er>Angina</er>.</cd> -- <col>To make a clean breast</col>, <cd>to disclose the secrets which weigh upon one; to make full confession.</cd></cs>

<h1>Breast</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Breast</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt><er>Breasted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Breasted</er>.]</wordforms> <def> To meet, with the breast; to struggle with or oppose manfully; <as>as, to <ex>breast</ex> the storm or waves</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The court <b>breasted</b> the popular current by sustaining the demurrer.
<i>Wirt.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To breast up a hedge</col>, <cd>to cut the face of it on one side so as to lay bare the principal upright stems of the plants.</cd></cs>

<h1>Breastband</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Breast"band`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A band for the breast. Specifically: <fld>(Naut.)</fld> A band of canvas, or a rope, fastened at both ends to the rigging, to support the man who heaves the lead in sounding.</def>

<h1>Breastbeam</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Breast"beam`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The front transverse beam of a locomotive.</def>

<h1>Breastbone</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Breast"bone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The bone of the breast; the sternum.</def>

<h1>Breast-deep</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Breast"-deep`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deep as from the breast to the feet; as high as the breast.</def>

<blockquote>See him <b>breast-deep</b> in earth, and famish him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Breasted</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Breast"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a breast; -- used in composition with qualifying words, in either a literal or a metaphorical sense; <as>as, a single-<ex>breasted</ex> coat</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The close minister is buttoned up, and the brave officer open-<b>breasted</b>, on these occasions.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Breastfast</h1>
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<hw>Breast"fast`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A large rope to fasten the midship part of a ship to a wharf, or to another vessel.</def>

<h1>Breastheight</h1>
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<hw>Breast"height`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The interior slope of a fortification, against which the garnison lean in firing.</def>

<h1>Breast-high</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Breast"-high`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>High as the breast.</def>

<h1>Breasthook</h1>
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<hw>Breast"hook`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A thick piece of timber in the form of a knee, placed across the stem of a ship to strengthen the fore part and unite the bows on each side.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Breasting</h1>
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<hw>Breast"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The curved channel in which a breast wheel turns. It is closely adapted to the curve of the wheel through about a quarter of its circumference, and prevents the escape of the water until it has spent its force upon the wheel. See <er>Breast wheel</er>.</def>

<h1>Breastknot</h1>
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<hw>Breast"knot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pin worn of the breast for a fastening, or for ornament; a brooch.</def>

<h1>Breastplate</h1>
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<hw>Breast"plate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A plate of metal covering the breast as defensive armor.</def>

<blockquote>Before his old rusty <b>breastplate</b> could be scoured, and his cracked headpiece mended.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece against which the workman presses his breast in operating a breast drill, or other similar tool.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A strap that runs across a horse's breast.</def>

<i>Ash.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld> <def>A part of the vestment of the high priest, worn upon the front of the ephod. It was a double piece of richly embroidered stuff, a span square, set with twelve precious stones, on which were engraved the names of the twelve tribes of Israel. See <er>Ephod</er>.</def>

<h1>Breastplow, Breastplough</h1>
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<hw><hw>Breast"plow`</hw>, <hw>Breast"plough`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of plow, driven by the breast of the workman; -- used to cut or pare turf.</def>

<h1>Breastrall</h1>
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<hw>Breast"rall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The upper rail of any parapet of ordinary height, as of a balcony; the railing of a quarter-deck, etc.</def>

<h1>Breastrope</h1>
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<hw>Breast"rope`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Breastband</er>.</def>

<h1>Breastsummer</h1>
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<hw>Breast"sum`mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A summer or girder extending across a building flush with, and supporting, the upper part of a front or external wall; a long lintel; a girder; -- used principally above shop windows.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>brestsummer</asp> and <asp>bressummer</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Breastwheel</h1>
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<hw>Breast"wheel`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A water wheel, on which the stream of water strikes neither so high as in the overshot wheel, nor so low as in the undershot, but generally at about half the height of the wheel, being kept in contact with it by the breasting. The water acts on the float boards partly by impulse, partly by its weight.</def>

<h1>Breastwork</h1>
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<hw>Breast"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A defensive work of moderate height, hastily thrown up, of earth or other material.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A railing on the quarter-deck and forecastle.</def>

<h1>Breath</h1>
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<hw>Breath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>breth</ets>, <ets>breeth</ets>, AS. <ets>br<?/<?/</ets> odor, scent, breath; cf. OHG. <ets>br\'bedam</ets> steam, vapor, breath, G. <ets>brodem</ets>, and possibly E. <er>Brawn</er>, and <er>Breed</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The air inhaled and exhaled in respiration, air which, in the process of respiration, has parted with oxygen and has received carbonic acid, aqueous vapor, warmth, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Melted as <b>breath</b> into the wind.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of breathing naturally or freely; the power or capacity to breathe freely; <as>as, I am out of <ex>breath</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The power of respiration, and hence, life.</def>

<i>Hood.</i>

<blockquote>Thou takest away their <b>breath</b>, they die.
<i>Ps. civ. 29.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Time to breathe; respite; pause.</def>

<blockquote>Give me some <b>breath</b>, some little pause.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A single respiration, or the time of making it; a single act; an instant.</def>

<blockquote>He smiles and he frowns in a <b>breath</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Fig.: That which gives or strengthens life.</def>

<blockquote>The earthquake voice of victory,
To thee the <b>breath of life</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A single word; the slightest effort; a triffle.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>breath</b> can make them, as a <b>breath</b> has made.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A very slight breeze; air in gentle motion.</def>

<blockquote>Calm and unruffled as a summer's sea,
when not a <b>breath</b> of wind flies o'er its surface.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Fragrance; exhalation; odor; perfume.</def>

<i>Tennison.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>breath</b> of flowers.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Gentle exercise, causing a quicker respiration.</def>

<blockquote>An after dinner's <b>breath</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Out of breath</col>, <cd>breathless, exhausted; breathing with difficulty.</cd> -- <col>Under one's breath</col>, <cd>in low tones.</cd></cs>

<h1>Breathable</h1>
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<hw>Breath"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be breathed.</def>

<h1>Breathableness</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Breath"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being breathable.</def>

<h1>Breathe</h1>
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<hw>Breathe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p</tt> <er>Breathed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Breathing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Breath</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To respire; to inhale and exhale air; hence;, to live.</def> "I am in health, I <i>breathe</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote><b>Breathes</b> there a man with soul so dead?
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take breath; to rest from action.</def>

<blockquote>Well! <b>breathe</b> awhile, and then to it again!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pass like breath; noiselessly or gently; to exhale; to emanate; to blow gently.</def>

<blockquote>The air <b>breathes</b> upon us here most sweetly.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There <b>breathes</b> a living fragrance from the shore.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Breathe</h1>
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<hw>Breathe</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To inhale and exhale in the process of respiration; to respire.</def>

<blockquote>To view the light of heaven, and <b>breathe</b> the vital air.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inject by breathing; to infuse; -- with <i>into</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Able to <b>breathe</b> life into a stone.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and <b>breathed</b> into his nostrils the breath of life.
<i>Gen. ii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To emit or utter by the breath; to utter softly; to whisper; <as>as, to <ex>breathe</ex> a vow</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He softly <b>breathed</b> thy name.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Or let the church, our mother, <b>breathe</b> her curse,
A mother's curse, on her revolting son.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To exhale; to emit, as breath; <as>as, the flowers <ex>breathe</ex> odors or perfumes</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To express; to manifest; to give forth.</def>

<blockquote>Others articles <b>breathe</b> the same severe spirit.
<i>Milner.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To act upon by the breath; to cause to sound by breathing.</def> "They <i>breathe</i> the flute."

<i>Prior.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To promote free respiration in; to exercise.</def>

<blockquote>And every man should beat thee. I think thou wast created for men to <b>breathe</b> themselves upon thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To suffer to take breath, or recover the natural breathing; to rest; <as>as, to <ex>breathe</ex> a horse</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A moment <b>breathed</b> his panting steed.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To put out of breath; to exhaust.</def>

<blockquote>Mr. Tulkinghorn arrives in his turret room, a little <b>breathed</b> by the journey up.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>To utter without vocality, as the nonvocal consonants.</def>

<blockquote>The same sound may be pronounces either <b>breathed</b>, voiced, or whispered.
<i>H. Sweet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Breathed</b> elements, being already voiceless, remain unchanged <note>[in whispering]</note>.
<i>H. Sweet.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To breathe again</col>, <cd>to take breath; to feel a sense of relief, as from danger, responsibility, or press of business.</cd> -- <col>To breathe one's last</col>, <cd>to die; to expire.</cd> -- <col>To breathe a vein</col>, <cd>to open a vein; to let blood.</cd></cs>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Breather</h1>
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<hw>Breath"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who breathes. Hence: <sd>(a)</sd> One who lives.<sd>(b)</sd> One who utters. <sd>(c)</sd> One who animates or inspires.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which puts one out of breath, as violent exercise.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Breathful</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Breath"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of breath; full of odor; fragrant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Breathing</h1>
<Xpage=178>

<hw>Breath"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Respiration; the act of inhaling and exhaling air.</def>

<blockquote>Subject to a difficulty of <b>breathing</b>.
<i>Melmoth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Air in gentle motion.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any gentle influence or operation; inspiration; <as>as, the <ex>breathings</ex> of the Spirit</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Aspiration; secret prayer.</def> "Earnest desires and <i>breathings</i> after that blessed state."

<i>Tillotson.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Exercising; promotion of respiration.</def>

<blockquote>Here is a lady that wants <b>breathing</b> too;
And I have heard, you knights of Tyre
Are excellent in making ladies trip.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Utterance; communication or publicity by words.</def>

<blockquote>I am sorry to give <b>breathing</b> to my purpose.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Breathing place; vent.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Stop; pause; delay.</def>

<blockquote>You shake the head at so long a <b>breathing</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Also, in a wider sense, the sound caused by the friction of the outgoing breath in the throat, mouth, etc., when the glottis is wide open; aspiration; the sound expressed by the letter <it>h</it>.</def>

<hr>
<page="179">
Page 179<p>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Gr. Gram.)</fld> <def>A mark to indicate aspiration or its absence. See <cref>Rough breathing</cref>, <cref>Smooth breathing</cref>, below.</def>

<cs><col>Breathing place</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A pause.</cd> "That c\'91sura, or <i>breathing place<i>, in the midst of the verse." <i>Sir P. Sidney</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A vent.</cd> -- <col>Breathing time</col>, <cd>pause; relaxation.</cd> <i>Bp. Hall</i>. -- <col>Breathing while</col>, <cd>time sufficient for drawing breath; a short time.</cd> <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>Rough breathing</col> (<i>spiritus asper<i>) <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <cd>See 2d <er>Asper</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Smooth breathing</col> (<i>spiritus lenis<i>), <cd>a mark (') indicating the absence of the sound of <i>h<i>, as in <grk>'ie`nai</grk> (<i>ienai<i>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Breathless</h1>
<Xpage=179>

<hw>Breath"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Spent with labor or violent action; out of breath.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not breathing; holding the breath, on account of fear, expectation, or intense interest; attended with a holding of the breath; <as>as, <ex>breathless</ex> attention</as>.</def>

<blockquote>But <b>breathless</b>, as we grow when feeling most.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Dead; <as>as, a <ex>breathless</ex> body</as>.</def>

<h1>Breathlessly</h1>
<Xpage=179>

<hw>Breath"less*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a breathless manner.</def>

<h1>Breathlessness</h1>
<Xpage=179>

<hw>Breath"less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being breathless or out of breath.</def>

<h1>Breccia</h1>
<Xpage=179>

<hw>Brec"cia</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., breach, pebble, fragments of stone, fr. F. <ets>br\'8ache</ets>; of German origin. See <er>Breach</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A rock composed of angular fragments either of the same mineral or of different minerals, etc., united by a cement, and commonly presenting a variety of colors.</def>

<cs><col>Bone breccia</col>, <cd>a breccia containing bones, usually fragmentary.</cd> -- <col>Coin breccia</col>, <cd>a breccia containing coins.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brecciated</h1>
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<hw>Brec"ci*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of angular fragments cemented together; resembling breccia in appearance.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>brecciated</b> appearance of many specimens [of meteorites].
<i>H. A. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bred</h1>
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<hw>Bred</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Breed</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Bred out</col>, <cd>degenerated.</cd>  "The strain of man's <i>bred out<i> into baboon and monkey." <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>Bred to arms</col>. <cd>See under <er>Arms</er>.</cd> -- <col>Well bred</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Of a good family; having a good pedigree.</cd> "A gentleman <i>well bred<i> and of good name." <i>Shak</i>. <mark>[Obs., except as applied to domestic animals.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Well brought up, as shown in having good manners; cultivated; refined; polite.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brede, &or; Breede</h1>
<Xpage=179>

<hw><hw>Brede</hw>, &or; <hw>Breede</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Breadth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Brede</h1>
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<hw>Brede</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Braid</er> woven cord.]</ety> <def>A braid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Half lapped in glowing gauze and golden <b>brede</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Breech</h1>
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<hw>Breech</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Breeches</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The lower part of the body behind; the buttocks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Breeches.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The hinder part of anything; esp., the part of a cannon, or other firearm, behind the chamber.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The external angle of knee timber, the inside of which is called the <i>throat</i>.</def>

<h1>Breech</h1>
<Xpage=179>

<hw>Breech</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Breeched</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Breeching</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put into, or clothe with, breeches.</def>

<blockquote>A great man . . . anxious to know whether the blacksmith's youngest boy was <b>breeched</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover as with breeches.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Their daggers unmannerly <b>breeched</b> with gore.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fit or furnish with a breech; <as>as, to <ex>breech</ex> a gun</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To whip on the breech.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Had not a courteous serving man conveyed me away, whilst he went to fetch whips, I think, in my conscience, he would have <b>breeched</b> me.
<i>Old Play.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To fasten with breeching.</def>

<h1>Breechblock</h1>
<Xpage=179>

<hw>Breech"block</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The movable piece which closes the breech of a breech-loading firearm, and resists the backward force of the discharge. It is withdrawn for the insertion of a cartridge, and closed again before the gun is fired.</def>

<h1>Breechcloth</h1>
<Xpage=179>

<hw>Breech"cloth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cloth worn around the breech.</def>

<h1>Breeches</h1>
<Xpage=179>

<hw>Breech"es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brech</ets>, <ets>brek</ets>, AS. <ets>br\'c7k</ets>, pl. of <ets>br\'d3c</ets> breech, breeches; akin to Icel. <ets>br\'d3k</ets> breeches, ODan. <ets>brog</ets>, D. <ets>broek</ets>, G. <ets>bruch</ets>; cf. L. <ets>bracae</ets>, <ets>braccae</ets>, which is of Celtic origin. Cf. <er>Brail</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A garment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs; smallclothes.</def>

<blockquote>His jacket was red, and his <b>breeches</b> were blue.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Trousers; pantaloons.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Breeches buoy</col>, <cd>in the life-saving service, a pair of canvas breeches depending from an annular or beltlike life buoy which is usually of cork. This contrivance, inclosing the person to be rescued, is hung by short ropes from a block which runs upon the hawser stretched from the ship to the shore, and is drawn to land by hauling lines.</cd> -- <col>Breeches pipe</col>, <cd>a forked pipe forming two branches united at one end.</cd> -- <col>Knee breeches</col>, <cd>breeches coming to the knee, and buckled or fastened there; smallclothes.</cd> -- <col>To wear the breeches</col>, <cd>to usurp the authority of the husband; -- said of a wife. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Breeching</h1>
<Xpage=179>

<hw>Breech"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A whipping on the breech, or the act of whipping on the breech.</def>

<blockquote>I view the prince with Aristarchus' eyes,
Whose looks were as a <b>breeching</b> to a boy.
<i>Marlowe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That part of a harness which passes round the breech of a horse, enabling him to hold back a vehicle.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A strong rope rove through the cascabel of a cannon and secured to ringbolts in the ship's side, to limit the recoil of the gun when it is discharged.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The sheet iron casing at the end of boilers to convey the smoke from the flues to the smokestack.</def>

<h1>Breechloader</h1>
<Xpage=179>

<hw>Breech"load`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A firearm which receives its load at the breech.</def>

<blockquote>For cavalry, the revolver and <b>breechloader</b> will supersede the saber.
<i>Rep. Sec. War (1860).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Breech-loading</h1>
<Xpage=179>

<hw>Breech"-load`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Receiving the charge at the breech instead of at the muzzle.</def>

<h1>Breech pin, Breech screw</h1>
<Xpage=179>

<hw><hw>Breech" pin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Breech" screw`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A strong iron or steel plug screwed into the breech of a musket or other firearm, to close the bottom of the bore.</def>

<h1>Breech sight</h1>
<Xpage=179>

<hw>Breech" sight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A device attached to the breech of a firearm, to guide the eye, in conjunction with the front sight, in taking aim.</def>

<h1>Breed</h1>
<Xpage=179>

<hw>Breed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bred</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Breeding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>breden</ets>, AS. <ets>br\'c7dan</ets> to nourish, cherish, keep warm, from <ets>br\'d3d</ets> brood; akin to D. <ets>broeden</ets> to brood, OHG. <ets>bruoten</ets>, G. <ets>br\'81ten</ets>. See <er>Brood</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To produce as offspring; to bring forth; to bear; to procreate; to generate; to beget; to hatch.</def>

<blockquote>Yet every mother <b>breeds</b> not sons alike.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If the sun <b>breed</b> maggots in a dead dog.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take care of in infancy, and through the age of youth; to bring up; to nurse and foster.</def>

<blockquote>To bring thee forth with pain, with care to <b>breed</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Born and <b>bred</b> on the verge of the wilderness.
<i>Everett.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To educate; to instruct; to form by education; to train; -- sometimes followed by <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote>But no care was taken to <b>breed</b> him a Protestant.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His farm may not remove his children too far from him, or the trade he <b>breeds</b> them up in.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To engender; to cause; to occasion; to originate; to produce; <as>as, to <ex>breed</ex> a storm; to <ex>breed</ex> disease.</as></def>

<blockquote>Lest the place
And my quaint habits <b>breed</b> astonishment.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To give birth to; to be the native place of; <as>as, a pond <ex>breeds</ex> fish; a northern country <ex>breeds</ex> stout men.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To raise, as any kind of stock.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To produce or obtain by any natural process.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Children would <b>breed</b> their teeth with less danger.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To engender; generate; beget; produce; hatch; originate; bring up; nourish; train; instruct.</syn>

<h1>Breed</h1>
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<hw>Breed</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bear and nourish young; to reproduce or multiply itself; to be pregnant.</def>

<blockquote>That they <b>breed</b> abundantly in the earth.
<i>Gen. viii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The mother had never <b>bred</b> before.
<i>Carpenter.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Ant</b>. Is your gold and silver ewes and rams?
<b>Shy</b>. I can not tell. I make it <b>breed</b> as fast.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be formed in the parent or dam; to be generated, or to grow, as young before birth.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To have birth; to be produced or multiplied.</def>

<blockquote>Heavens rain grace
On that which <b>breeds</b> between them.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To raise a breed; to get progeny.</def>

<blockquote>The kind of animal which you wish to <b>breed</b> from.
<i>Gardner.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To breed in and in</col>, <cd>to breed from animals of the same stock that are closely related.</cd></cs>

<h1>Breed</h1>
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<hw>Breed</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A race or variety of men or other animals (or of plants), perpetuating its special or distinctive characteristics by inheritance.</def>

<blockquote>Twice fifteen thousand hearts of England's <b>breed</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Greyhounds of the best <b>breed</b>.
<i>Carpenter.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Class; sort; kind; -- of men, things, or qualities.</def>

<blockquote>Are these the <b>breed</b> of wits so wondered at?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This courtesy is not of the right <b>breed</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A number produced at once; a brood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; <i>Breed</i> is usually applied to domestic animals; <i>species</i> or <i>variety</i> to wild animals and to plants; and <i>race</i> to men.</note>

<h1>Breedbate</h1>
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<hw>Breed"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who breeds or originates quarrels.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "No telltale nor no <i>breedbate</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Breeder</h1>
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<hw>Breed"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, breeds, produces, brings up, etc.</def>

<blockquote>She was a great <b>breeder</b>.
<i>Dr. A. Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Italy and Rome have been the best <b>breeders</b> of worthy men.
<i>Ascham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cause.</def> "The <i>breeder</i> of my sorrow."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Breeding</h1>
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<hw>Breed"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of generating or bearing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The raising or improving of any kind of domestic animals; <as>as, farmers should pay attention to <ex>breeding</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Nurture; education; formation of manners.</def>

<blockquote>She had her <b>breeding</b> at my father's charge.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Deportment or behavior in the external offices and decorums of social life; manners; knowledge of, or training in, the ceremonies, or polite observances of society.</def>

<blockquote>Delicacy of <b>breeding</b>, or that polite deference and respect which civility obliges us either to express or counterfeit towards the persons with whom we converse.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Descent; pedigree; extraction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Honest gentlemen, I know not your <b>breeding</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Close breeding</col>, <col>In and in breeding</col></mcol>, <cd>breeding from a male and female from the same parentage.</cd> -- <col>Cross breeding</col>, <cd>breeding from a male and female of different lineage.</cd> -- <col>Good breeding</col>, <cd>politeness; genteel deportment.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Education; instruction; nurture; training; manners. See <er>Education</er>.</syn>

<mhw><h1>Breeze, Breeze fly</h1>
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<hw>Breeze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Breeze" fly`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brese</ets>, AS. <ets>bri\'a2sa</ets>; perh. akin to OHG. <ets>brimissa</ets>, G. <ets>breme</ets>, <ets>bremse</ets>, D. <ets>brems</ets>, which are akin to G. <ets>brummen</ets> to growl, buzz, grumble, L. <ets>fremere</ets> to murmur; cf. G. <ets>brausen</ets>, Sw. <ets>brusa</ets>, Dan. <ets>bruse</ets>, to roar, rush.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fly of various species, of the family <spn>Tabanid\'91</spn>, noted for buzzing about animals, and tormenting them by sucking their blood; -- called also <altname>horsefly</altname>, and <altname>gadfly</altname>. They are among the largest of two-winged or dipterous insects. The name is also given to different species of botflies.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>breese</asp> and <asp>brize</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Breeze</h1>
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<hw>Breeze</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brise</ets>; akin to It. <ets>brezza</ets> breeze, Sp. <ets>briza</ets>, <ets>brisa</ets>, a breeze from northeast, Pg. <ets>briza</ets> northeast wind; of uncertain origin; cf. F. <ets>bise</ets>, Pr. <ets>bisa</ets>, OHG. <ets>bisa</ets>, north wind, Arm. <ets>biz</ets> northeast wind.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A light, gentle wind; a fresh, soft-blowing wind.</def>

<blockquote>Into a gradual calm the <b>breezes</b> sink.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An excited or ruffed state of feeling; a flurry of excitement; a disturbance; a quarrel; <as>as, the discovery produced a <ex>breeze</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Land breeze</col>, <cd>a wind blowing from the land, generally at night.</cd> -- <col>Sea breeze</col>, <cd>a breeze or wind blowing, generally in the daytime, from the sea.</cd></cs>

<h1>Breeze</h1>
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<hw>Breeze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>braise</ets> cinders, live coals. See <er>Brasier</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Refuse left in the process of making coke or burning charcoal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Brickmaking)</fld> <def>Refuse coal, coal ashes, and cinders, used in the burning of bricks.</def>

<h1>Breeze</h1>
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<hw>Breeze</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To blow gently.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Barlow.</i>

<cs><col>To breeze up</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to blow with increasing freshness.</cd></cs>

<h1>Breezeless</h1>
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<hw>Breeze"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Motionless; destitute of breezes.</def>

<blockquote>A stagnant, <b>breezeless</b> air becalms my soul.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Breeziness</h1>
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<hw>Breez"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being breezy.</def>

<h1>Breezy</h1>
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<hw>Breez"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Characterized by, or having, breezes; airy.</def> "A <i>breezy</i> day in May."

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<blockquote>'Mid lawns and shades by <b>breezy</b> rivulets fanned.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fresh; brisk; full of life.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Bregma</h1>
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<hw>Breg"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the front part of the head: cf. F. <ets>bregma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The point of junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures of the skull.</def>

<h1>Bregmatic</h1>
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<hw>Breg*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the bregma.</def>

<h1>Brehon</h1>
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<hw>Bre"hon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. <ets>breitheamh</ets> judge.]</ety> <def>An ancient Irish or Scotch judge.</def>

<cs><col>Brehon laws</col>, <cd>the ancient Irish laws, -- unwritten, like the common law of England. They were abolished by statute of Edward III.</cd></cs>

<h1>Breme</h1>
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<hw>Breme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>breme</ets>, <ets>brime</ets>, fierce, impetuous, glorious, AS. <ets>br\'c7me</ets>, <ets>br<?/me</ets>, famous. Cf. <er>Brim</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fierce; sharp; severe; cruel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>From the septentrion cold, in the <b>breme</b> freezing air.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Famous; renowned; well known.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>brim</asp> and <asp>brimme</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bren, Brenne</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bren</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bren"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brent</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Brenning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Burn</er>.]</ety> <def>To burn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Consuming fire <b>brent</b> his shearing house or stall.
<i>W. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bren</h1>
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<hw>Bren</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bran.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Brennage</h1>
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<hw>Bren"nage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>brenage</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>brennagium</ets>, <ets>brenagium</ets>. See <er>Bran</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A tribute which tenants paid to their lord, in lieu of bran, which they were obliged to furnish for his hounds.</def>

<h1>Brenningly</h1>
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<hw>Bren"ning*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Burningly; ardently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Brent, Brant</h1>
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<hw><hw>Brent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Brant</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>brant</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>brat</ets>, Icel. <ets>brattr</ets>, steep.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Steep; high.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Grapes grow on the <b>brant</b> rocks so wonderfully that ye will marvel how any man dare climb up to them.
<i>Ascham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Smooth; unwrinkled.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>Your bonnie brow was <b>brent</b>.
<i>Burns.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brent</h1>
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<hw>Brent</hw>, <tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <def>of <er>Bren</er>. Burnt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Brent</h1>
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<hw>Brent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Brant</er>.]</ety> <def>A brant. See <er>Brant</er>.</def>

<h1>Brequet chain</h1>
<Xpage=179>

<hw>Breq"uet chain`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A watch-guard.</def>

<h1>Brere</h1>
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<hw>Brere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A brier.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Brest</h1>
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<hw>Brest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>3d sing.pr.</tt> <def>for <i>Bursteth</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Brest, Breast</h1>
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<hw><hw>Brest</hw>, <hw>Breast</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A torus.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Breste</h1>
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<hw>Bres"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Brast</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Brusten</er>, <er>Borsten</er>, <er>Bursten</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To burst.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Brestsummer</h1>
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<hw>Brest"sum`mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Breastsummer</er>.</def>

<h1>Bret</h1>
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<hw>Bret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Birt</er>.</def>

<h1>Bretful</h1>
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<hw>Bret"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. also <ets>brerdful</ets>, fr. <ets>brerd</ets> top, brim, AS. <ets>brerd</ets>.]</ety> <def>Brimful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Brethren</h1>
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<hw>Breth"ren</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <def><tt>pl.</tt> of <er>Brother</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; This form of the plural is used, for the most part, in solemn address, and in speaking of religious sects or fraternities, or their members.</note>

<h1>Breton</h1>
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<hw>Bret"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>breton</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to Brittany, or Bretagne, in France.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Brittany, or Bretagne, in France; also, the ancient language of Brittany; Armorican.</def></def2>

<h1>Brett</h1>
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<hw>Brett</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Britzska</er>.</def>

<h1>Brettice</h1>
<Xpage=179>

<hw>Bret"tice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Brettices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>bretasce</ets>, <ets>bretage</ets>, parapet, OF. <ets>bretesche</ets> wooden tower, F. <ets>bret\'8ache</ets>, LL. <ets>breteschia</ets>, <ets>bertresca</ets>, prob. fr. OHG. <ets>bret</ets>, G. <ets>brett</ets> board; akin to E. <ets>board</ets>. See <er>Board</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Bartizan</er>.]</ety> <def>The wooden boarding used in supporting the roofs and walls of coal mines. See <er>Brattice</er>.</def>

<h1>Bretwalda</h1>
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<hw>Bret"wal*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>Bretwalda</ets>, <ets>br<?/ten walda</ets>, a powerful ruler.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>The official title applied to that one of the Anglo-Saxon chieftains who was chosen by the other chiefs to lead them in their warfare against the British tribes.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Bretzel</h1>
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<hw>Bret"zel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <def>See <er>Pretzel</er>.</def>

<h1>Breve</h1>
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<hw>Breve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. & (in sense 2) LL. <ets>breve</ets>, fr. L. <ets>brevis</ets> short. See <er>Brief</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A note or character of time, equivalent to two semibreves or four minims. When dotted, it is equal to three semibreves. It was formerly of a square figure (as thus: <?/ ), but is now made oval, with a line perpendicular to the staff on each of its sides; -- formerly much used for choir service.</def>

<i>Moore.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Any writ or precept under seal, issued out of any court.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A curved mark [&breve;] used commonly to indicate the short quantity of a vowel.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The great ant thrush of Sumatra (<spn>Pitta gigas</spn>), which has a very short tail.</def>

<h1>Brevet</h1>
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<hw>Bre*vet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brevet</ets>, LL. <ets>brevetum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>brevis</ets> short. See <er>Brief</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A warrant from the government, granting a privilege, title, or dignity. <mark>[French usage]</mark>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A commission giving an officer higher rank than that for which he receives pay; an honorary promotion of an officer.</def>

<note>&hand; In the United States army, rank by <i>brevet</i> is conferred, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for "gallant actions or meritorious services." A <i>brevet</i> rank gives no right of command in the particular corps to which the officer brevetted belongs, and can be exercised only by special assignment of the President, or on court martial, and detachments composed of different corps, with pay of the <i>brevet</i> rank when on such duty.</note>

<hr>
<page="180">
Page 180<p>

<h1>Brevet</h1>
<Xpage=180>

<hw>Bre*vet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brevetted</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Brevetting</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> To confer rank upon by brevet.</def>

<h1>Brevet</h1>
<Xpage=180>

<hw>Bre*vet"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Taking or conferring rank by brevet; <as>as, a <ex>brevet</ex> colonel; a <ex>brevet</ex> commission.</as></def>

<h1>Brevetcy</h1>
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<hw>Bre*vet"cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Brevetcies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The rank or condition of a brevet officer.</def>

<h1>Breviary</h1>
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<hw>Bre"vi*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Breviaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>br\'82viarie</ets>, L. <ets>breviarium</ets> summary, abridgment, neut. noun fr. <ets>breviarius</ets> abridged, fr. <ets>brevis</ets> short. See <er>Brief</er>, and cf. <er>Brevier</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An abridgment; a compend; an epitome; a brief account or summary.</def>

<blockquote>A book entitled the abridgment or <b>breviary</b> of those roots that are to be cut up or gathered.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A book containing the daily public or canonical prayers of the Roman Catholic or of the Greek Church for the seven canonical hours, namely, matins and lauds, the first, third, sixth, and ninth hours, vespers, and compline; -- distinguished from the <i>missal</i>.</def>

<h1>Breviate</h1>
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<hw>Bre"vi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>breviatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>breviare</ets> to shorten, <ets>brevis</ets> short.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A short compend; a summary; a brief statement.</def>

<blockquote>I omit in this <b>breviate</b> to rehearse.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The same little <b>breviates</b> of infidelity have . . . been published and dispersed with great activity.
<i>Bp. Porteus.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lawyer's brief.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Breviate</h1>
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<hw>Bre"vi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To abbreviate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Breviature</h1>
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<hw>Bre"vi*a*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An abbreviature; an abbreviation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Brevier</h1>
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<hw>Bre*vier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from being originally used in printing a <ets>breviary</ets>. See <er>Breviary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A size of type between bourgeous and minion.</def>

<note>&hand; This line is printed in <i>brevier</i> type. <?/</note>

<h1>Breviloquence</h1>
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<hw>Bre*vil"o*quence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>breviloquentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>A brief and pertinent mode of speaking.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Breviped</h1>
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<hw>Brev"i*ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>brevis</ets> short + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot: cf. F. <ets>br\'82vip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having short legs.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A breviped bird.</def></def2>

<h1>Brevipen</h1>
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<hw>Brev"i*pen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>brevis</ets> short + <ets>penna</ets> wing: cf. F. <ets>br\'82vipenne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A brevipennate bird.</def>

<h1>Brevipennate</h1>
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<hw>Brev`i*pen"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>brevis</ets> short + E. <ets>pennate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Short-winged; -- applied to birds which can not fly, owing to their short wings, as the ostrich, cassowary, and emu.</def>

<h1>Brevirostral, Brevirostrate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Brev`i*ros"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Brev`i*ros"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>brevis</ets> short + E. <ets>rostral</ets>, <ets>rostrate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Short-billed; having a short beak.</def>

<h1>Brevity</h1>
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<hw>Brev"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Brevities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>brevitas</ets>, fr. <ets>brevis</ets> short: cf. F. <ets>bri\'8avit\'82</ets>. See <er>Brief</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Shortness of duration; briefness of time; <as>as, the <ex>brevity</ex> of human life</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contraction into few words; conciseness.</def>

<blockquote><b>Brevity</b> is the soul of wit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This argument is stated by St. John with his usual elegant <b>brevity</b> and simplicity.
<i>Bp. Porteus.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Shortness; conciseness; succinctness; terseness.</syn>

<h1>Brew</h1>
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<hw>Brew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brewed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Brewing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>brewen</ets>, AS. <ets>bre\'a2wan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>brouwen</ets>, OHG. <ets>priuwan</ets>, MHG. <ets>briuwen</ets>, <ets>br<?/wen</ets>, G. <ets>brauen</ets>, Icel. <ets>brugga</ets>, Sw. <ets>brygga</ets>, Dan. <ets>brygge</ets>, and perh. to L. <ets>defrutum</ets> must boiled down, Gr. <?/ (for <?/?) a kind of beer. The original meaning seems to have been <ets>to prepare by heat</ets>. &root;93. Cf. <er>Broth</er>, <er>Bread</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To boil or seethe; to cook.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prepare, as beer or other liquor, from malt and hops, or from other materials, by steeping, boiling, and fermentation.</def> "She <i>brews</i> good ale."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To prepare by steeping and mingling; to concoct.</def>

<blockquote>Go, <b>brew</b> me a pottle of sack finely.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To foment or prepare, as by brewing; to contrive; to plot; to concoct; to hatch; <as>as, to <ex>brew</ex> mischief</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Hence with thy <b>brewed</b> enchantments, foul deceiver!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brew</h1>
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<hw>Brew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To attend to the business, or go through the processes, of brewing or making beer.</def>

<blockquote>I wash, wring, <b>brew</b>, bake, scour.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be in a state of preparation; to be mixing, forming, or gathering; <as>as, a storm <ex>brews</ex> in the west</as>.</def>

<blockquote>There is some ill a-<b>brewing</b> towards my rest.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brew</h1>
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<hw>Brew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The mixture formed by brewing; that which is brewed.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Brewage</h1>
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<hw>Brew"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Malt liquor; drink brewed.</def> "Some well-spiced <i>brewage</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>A rich <b>brewage</b>, made of the best Spanish wine.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brewer</h1>
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<hw>Brew"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who brews; one whose occupation is to prepare malt liquors.</def>

<h1>Brewery</h1>
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<hw>Brew"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A brewhouse; the building and apparatus where brewing is carried on.</def>

<h1>Brewhouse</h1>
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<hw>Brew"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house or building appropriated to brewing; a brewery.</def>

<h1>Brewing</h1>
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<hw>Brew"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of preparing liquors which are brewed, as beer and ale.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quantity brewed at once.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>brewing</b> of new beer, set by old beer.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A mixing together.</def>

<blockquote>I am not able to avouch anything for certainty, such a <b>brewing</b> and sophistication of them they make.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A gathering or forming of a storm or squall, indicated by thick, dark clouds.</def>

<h1>Brewis</h1>
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<hw>Brew"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brewis</ets>, <ets>brouwys</ets>, <ets>browesse</ets>, <ets>brewet</ets>, OF. <ets>brouet</ets>, <ets>-s</ets> being the OF. ending of the nom. sing. and acc. pl.; dim. of OHG. <ets>brod</ets>. &root;93. See <er>Broth</er>, and cf. <er>Brose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Broth or pottage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Let them of their Bonner's "beef" and "broth" make what <b>brewis</b> they please for their credulous guests.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bread soaked in broth, drippings of roast meat, milk, or water and butter.</def>

<h1>Brewsterite</h1>
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<hw>Brews"ter*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after Sir David <ets>Brewster</ets>.]</ety> <def>A rare zeolitic mineral occurring in white monoclinic crystals with pearly luster. It is a hydrous silicate of aluminia, baryta, and strontia.</def>

<h1>Brezilin</h1>
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<hw>Brez"i*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Brazilin</er>.</def>

<h1>Briar</h1>
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<hw>Bri"ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Brier</er>.</def>

<h1>Briarean</h1>
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<hw>Bri*a"re*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Briareius</ets>, fr. <ets>Briareus</ets> a mythological hundred-handed giant, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ strong.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, Briareus, a giant fabled to have a hundred hands; hence, hundred-handed or many-handed.</def>

<h1>Bribable</h1>
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<hw>Brib"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being bribed.</def>

<blockquote>A more <b>bribable</b> class of electors.
<i>S. Edwards.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bribe</h1>
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<hw>Bribe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bribe</ets> a lump of bread, scraps, leavings of meals (that are generally given to a beggar), LL. <ets>briba</ets> scrap of bread; cf. OF. <ets>briber</ets>, <ets>brifer</ets>, to eat gluttonously, to beg, and OHG. <ets>bilibi</ets> food.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A gift begged; a present.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A price, reward, gift, or favor bestowed or promised with a view to prevent the judgment or corrupt the conduct of a judge, witness, voter, or other person in a position of trust.</def>

<blockquote>Undue reward for anything against justice is a <b>bribe</b>.
<i>Hobart.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which seduces; seduction; allurement.</def>

<blockquote>Not the <b>bribes</b> of sordid wealth can seduce to leave these ever<?/blooming sweets.
<i>Akenside.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bribe</h1>
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<hw>Bribe</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bribed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bribing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rob or steal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give or promise a reward or consideration to (a judge, juror, legislator, voter, or other person in a position of trust) with a view to prevent the judgment or corrupt the conduct; to induce or influence by a bribe; to give a bribe to.</def>

<blockquote>Neither is he worthy who <b>bribes</b> a man to vote against his conscience.
<i>F. W. Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To gain by a bribe; of induce as by a bribe.</def>

<h1>Bribe</h1>
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<hw>Bribe</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To commit robbery or theft.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give a bribe to a person; to pervert the judgment or corrupt the action of a person in a position of trust, by some gift or promise.</def>

<blockquote>An attempt to <b>bribe</b>, though unsuccessful, has been holden to be criminal, and the offender may be indicted.
<i>Bouvier.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The bard may supplicate, but cannot <b>bribe</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bribeless</h1>
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<hw>Bribe"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being bribed; free from bribes.</def>

<blockquote>From thence to heaven's <b>bribeless</b> hall.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bribeer</h1>
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<hw>Bribe"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Lydgate.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who bribes, or pays for corrupt practices.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which bribes; a bribe.</def>

<blockquote>His service . . . were a sufficient <b>briber</b> for his life.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bribeery</h1>
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<hw>Bribe"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Briberies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>brybery</ets> rascality, OF. <ets>briberie</ets>. See <er>Bribe</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Robbery; extortion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or practice of giving or taking bribes; the act of influencing the official or political action of another by corrupt inducements.</def>

<cs><col>Bribery oath</col>, <cd>an oath taken by a person that he has not been bribed as to voting. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Bric-a brac</h1>
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<hw>Bric"-a brac`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Miscellaneous curiosities and works of decorative art, considered collectively.</def>

<cs><col>A piece of bric-a-brac</col>, <cd>any curious or antique article of virtu, as a piece of antiquated furniture or metal work, or an odd knickknack.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brick</h1>
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<hw>Brick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brik</ets>, F. <ets>brique</ets>; of Ger. origin; cf. AS. <ets>brice</ets> a breaking, fragment, Prov. E. <ets>brique</ets> piece, <ets>brique de pain</ets>, equiv. to AS. <ets>hl\'befes brice</ets>, fr. the root of E. <ets>break</ets>. See <er>Break</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A block or clay tempered with water, sand, etc., molded into a regular form, usually rectangular, and sun-dried, or burnt in a kiln, or in a heap or stack called a clamp.</def>

<blockquote>The Assyrians appear to have made much less use of <b>bricks</b> baked in the furnace than the Babylonians.
<i>Layard.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bricks, collectively, as designating that kind of material; <as>as, a load of <ex>brick</ex>; a thousand of <ex>brick</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Some of Palladio's finest examples are of <b>brick</b>.
<i>Weale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any oblong rectangular mass; <as>as, a <ex>brick</ex> of maple sugar; a penny <ex>brick</ex> (of bread).</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A good fellow; a merry person; <as>as, you 're a <ex>brick</def></ex></as>. <mark>[Slang]</mark> "He 's a dear little <i>brick</i>."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<cs><col>To have a brick in one's hat</col>, <cd>to be drunk. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>

<note>&hand; <i>Brick</i> is used adjectively or in combination; as, <i>brick</i> wall; <i>brick</i> clay; <i>brick</i> color; <i>brick</i> red.</note>

<cs><col>Brick clay</col>, <cd>clay suitable for, or used in making, bricks.</cd> -- <col>Brick dust</col>, <cd>dust of pounded or broken bricks.</cd> -- <col>Brick earth</col>, <cd>clay or earth suitable for, or used in making, bricks.</cd> -- <col>Brick loaf</col>, <cd>a loaf of bread somewhat resembling a brick in shape.</cd> -- <col>Brick nogging</col> <fld>(</tt>A<cd>rch</tt>.)</fld>, rough brickwork used to fill in the spaces between the uprights of a wooden partition; brick filling.</cd> -- <col>Brick tea</col>, <cd>tea leaves and young shoots, or refuse tea, steamed or mixed with fat, etc., and pressed into the form of bricks. It is used in Northern and Central Asia. <i>S. W. Williams</i>.</cd> -- <col>Brick trimmer</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a brick arch under a hearth, usually within the thickness of a wooden floor, to guard against accidents by fire.</cd> -- <col>Brick trowel</col>. <cd>See <er>Trowel</er>.</cd> -- <col>Brick works</col>, <cd>a place where bricks are made.</cd> -- <col>Bath brick</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bath</er>, a city.</cd> -- <col>Pressed brick</col>, <cd>bricks which, before burning, have been subjected to pressure, to free them from the imperfections of shape and texture which are common in molded bricks.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brick</h1>
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<hw>Brick</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bricked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bricking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay or pave with bricks; to surround, line, or construct with bricks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To imitate or counterfeit a brick wall on, as by smearing plaster with red ocher, making the joints with an edge tool, and pointing them.</def>

<cs><col>To brick up</col>, <cd>to fill up, inclose, or line, with brick.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brickbat</h1>
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<hw>Brick"bat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A piece or fragment of a brick. See <er>Bat</er>, 4.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Brickkiln</h1>
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<hw>Brick"kiln`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kiln, or furnace, in which bricks are baked or burnt; or a pile of green bricks, laid loose, with arches underneath to receive the wood or fuel for burning them.</def>

<h1>Bricklayer</h1>
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<hw>Brick"lay`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Brick</ets> + <ets>lay</ets>.]</ety> <def>One whose pccupation is to build with bricks.</def>

<cs><col>Bricklayer's itch</col>. <cd>See under <er>Itch</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bricklaying</h1>
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<hw>Brick"lay`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of building with bricks, or of uniting them by cement or mortar into various forms; the act or occupation of laying bricks.</def>

<h1>Brickle</h1>
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<hw>Bric"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brekil</ets>, <ets>brokel</ets>, <ets>bruchel</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>brecan</ets>, E. <ets>break</ets>. Cf. <er>Brittle</er>.]</ety> <def>Brittle; easily broken.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>As stubborn steel excels the <b>brickle</b> glass.
<i>Turbervile.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brickleness</h1>
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<hw>Bric"kle*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Brittleness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Brickmaker</h1>
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<hw>Brick"mak`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose occupation is to make bricks.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Brick"mak*ing</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Brickwork</h1>
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<hw>Brick"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything made of bricks.</def>

<blockquote>Niches in <b>brickwork</b> form the most difficult part of the bricklayer's art.
<i>Tomlinson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of building with or laying bricks.</def>

<h1>Bricky</h1>
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<hw>Brick"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of bricks; formed of bricks; resembling bricks or brick dust.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Brickyard</h1>
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<hw>Brick"yard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place where bricks are made, especially an inclosed place.</def>

<h1>Bricole</h1>
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<hw>Bri*cole"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A kind of traces with hooks and rings, with which men drag and maneuver guns where horses can not be used.</def>

<h1>Brid</h1>
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<hw>Brid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bird.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bridal</h1>
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<hw>Brid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bride</er>. Cf. <er>Bridal</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a bride, or to wedding; nuptial; <as>as, <ex>bridal</ex> ornaments; a <ex>bridal</ex> outfit; a <ex>bridal</ex> chamber.</as></def>

<h1>Bridal</h1>
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<hw>Brid"al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bridale</ets>, <ets>brudale</ets>, AS. <ets>br<?/dealo</ets> brideale, bridal feast. See <er>Bride</er>, and <er>Ale</er>, 2.]</ety> <def>A nuptia; festival or ceremony; a marriage.</def>

<blockquote>Sweet day, so cool, so calm, so bright,
The <b>bridal</b> of the earth and sky.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bridalty</h1>
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<hw>Brid"al*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Celebration of the nuptial feast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "In honor of this <i>bridalty</i>."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Bride</h1>
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<hw>Bride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bride</ets>, <ets>brid</ets>, <ets>brude</ets>, <ets>brud</ets>, <ets>burd</ets>, AS. <ets>br<?/d</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>breid</ets>, OSax. <ets>br<?/d</ets>, D. <ets>bruid</ets>, OHG. <ets>pr<?/t</ets>, <ets>br<?/t</ets>, G. <ets>braut</ets>, Icel. <ets>br<?/<?/r</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>brud</ets>, Goth. <ets>br33s</ets>; cf. Armor. <ets>pried</ets> spouse, W. <ets>priawd</ets> a married person.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A woman newly married, or about to be married.</def>

<blockquote>Has by his own experience tried
How much the wife is dearer than the <b>bride</b>.
<i>Lyttleton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will show thee the <b>bride</b>, the Lamb's wife.
<i>Rev. xxi. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: An object ardently loved.</def>

<cs><col>Bride of the sea</col>, <cd>the city of Venice.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bride</h1>
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<hw>Bride</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a bride of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bride-ale</h1>
<Xpage=180>

<hw>Bride"-ale`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bridal</er>.]</ety> <def>A rustic wedding feast; a bridal. See <er>Ale</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The man that 's bid to <b>bride-ale</b>, if he ha' cake,
And drink enough, he need not fear his stake.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bridebed</h1>
<Xpage=180>

<hw>Bride"bed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The marriage bed.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<h1>Bridecake</h1>
<Xpage=180>

<hw>Bride"cake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rich or highly ornamented cake, to be distributed to the guests at a wedding, or sent to friends after the wedding.</def>

<h1>Bridechamber</h1>
<Xpage=180>

<hw>Bride"cham`ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The nuptial appartment.</def>

<i>Matt. ix. 15.</i>

<h1>Bridegroom</h1>
<Xpage=180>

<hw>Bride"groom`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bridegome</ets>, <ets>brudgume</ets>, AS. <ets>br<?/dguma</ets> (akin to OS. <ets>br<?/digumo</ets>, D. <ets>bruidegom</ets>, <ets>bruigom</ets>, OHG. <ets>pr<?/tigomo</ets>, MHG. <ets>briutegome</ets>, G. <ets>br\'84utigam</ets>); AS. <ets>br<?/d</ets> bride + <ets>guma</ets> man, akin to Goth. <ets>guma</ets>, Icel. <ets>gumi</ets>, OHG. <ets>gomo</ets>, L. <ets>homo</ets>; the insertion of <ets>r</ets> being caused by confusion with <ets>groom</ets>. See <er>Bride</er>, and cf. <er>Groom</er>, <er>Homage</er>.]</ety> <def>A man newly married, or just about to be married.</def>

<h1>Brideknot</h1>
<Xpage=180>

<hw>Bride"knot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A knot of ribbons worn by a guest at a wedding; a wedding favor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<mhw><h1>Bridemaid, n., Brideman</h1>
<Xpage=180>

<hw>Bride"maid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Bride"man</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></mhw> <def>See <er>Bridesmaid</er>, <er>Bridesman</er>.</def>

<h1>Bridesmaid</h1>
<Xpage=180>

<hw>Brides"maid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female friend who attends on a bride at her wedding.</def>

<h1>Bridesman</h1>
<Xpage=180>

<hw>Brides"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bridesmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>A male friend who attends upon a bridegroom and bride at their marriage; the "best man."</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Bridestake</h1>
<Xpage=180>

<hw>Bride"stake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stake or post set in the ground, for guests at a wedding to dance round.</def>

<blockquote>Divide the broad bridecake
Round about the <b>bridestake</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bridewell</h1>
<Xpage=180>

<hw>Bride"well</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house of correction for the confinement of disorderly persons; -- so called from a hospital built in 1553 near <i>St</i>. <i>Bride's</i> (or <i>Bridget's</i>) <i>well</i>, in London, which was subsequently a penal workhouse.</def>

<h1>Bridge</h1>
<Xpage=180>

<hw>Bridge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brig</ets>, <ets>brigge</ets>, <ets>brug</ets>, <ets>brugge</ets>, AS. <ets>brycg</ets>, <ets>bricg</ets>; akin to Fries. <ets>bregge</ets>, D. <ets>brug</ets>, OHG. <ets>bruccu</ets>, G. <ets>br\'81cke</ets>, Icel. <ets>bryggja</ets> pier, bridge, Sw. <ets>brygga</ets>, Dan. <ets>brygge</ets>, and prob. Icel. <ets>br<?/</ets> bridge, Sw. & Dan. <ets>bro</ets> bridge, pavement, and possibly to E. <ets>brow</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A structure, usually of wood, stone, brick, or iron, erected over a river or other water course, or over a chasm, railroad, etc., to make a passageway from one bank to the other.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything supported at the ends, which serves to keep some other thing from resting upon the object spanned, as in engraving, watchmaking, etc., or which forms a platform or staging over which something passes or is conveyed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The small arch or bar at right angles to the strings of a violin, guitar, etc., serving of raise them and transmit their vibrations to the body of the instrument.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A device to measure the resistance of a wire or other conductor forming part of an electric circuit.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A low wall or vertical partition in the fire chamber of a furnace, for deflecting flame, etc.; -- usually called a <i>bridge wall</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Aqueduct bridge</col>. <cd>See <er>Aqueduct</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Asses' bridge</col>, <col>Bascule bridge</col>, <col>Bateau bridge</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Ass</er>, <er>Bascule</er>, <er>Bateau</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bridge of a steamer</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a narrow platform across the deck, above the rail, for the convenience of the officer in charge of the ship; in paddlewheel vessels it connects the paddle boxes.</cd> -- <col>Bridge of the nose</col>, <cd>the upper, bony part of the nose.</cd> -- <col>Cantalever bridge</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cantalever</er>.</cd> -- <col>Draw bridge</col>. <cd>See <er>Drawbridge</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flying bridge</col>, <cd>a temporary bridge suspended or floating, as for the passage of armies; also, a floating structure connected by a cable with an anchor or pier up stream, and made to pass from bank to bank by the action of the current or other means.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Girder bridge</col> &or; <col>Truss bridge</col></mcol>, <cd>a bridge formed by girders, or by trusses resting upon abutments or piers.</cd> -- <col>Lattice bridge</col>, <cd>a bridge formed by lattice girders.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Pontoon bridge</col>, <col>Ponton bridge</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Pontoon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Skew bridge</col>, <cd>a bridge built obliquely from bank to bank, as sometimes required in railway engineering.</cd> -- <col>Suspension bridge</col>. <cd>See under <er>Suspension</er>.</cd> -- <col>Trestle bridge</col>, <cd>a bridge formed of a series of short, simple girders resting on trestles.</cd> -- <col>Tubular bridge</col>, <cd>a bridge in the form of a hollow trunk or rectangular tube, with cellular walls made of iron plates riveted together, as the Britannia bridge over the Menai Strait, and the Victoria bridge at Montreal.</cd> -- <col>Wheatstone's bridge</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a device for the measurement of resistances, so called because the balance between the resistances to be measured is indicated by the absence of a current in a certain wire forming a bridge or connection between two points of the apparatus; -- invented by Sir Charles <ets>Wheatstone<ets>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="181">
Page 181<p>

<h1>Bridge</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Bridge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bridged</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bridging</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To build a bridge or bridges on or over; <as>as, to <ex>bridge</ex> a river</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Their simple engineering <b>bridged</b> with felled trees the streams which could not be forded.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To open or make a passage, as by a bridge.</def>

<blockquote>Xerxes . . . over Hellespont
<b>Bridging</b> his way, Europe with Asia joined.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To find a way of getting over, as a difficulty; -- generally with <i>over</i>.</def>

<h1>Bridgeboard</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Bridge"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A notched board to which the treads and risers of the steps of wooden stairs are fastened.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A board or plank used as a bridge.</def>

<h1>Bridgehead</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Bridge"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fortification commanding the extremity of a bridge nearest the enemy, to insure the preservation and usefulness of the bridge, and prevent the enemy from crossing; a t\'88te-de-pont.</def>

<h1>Bridgeless</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Bridge"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no bridge; not bridged.</def>

<h1>Bridgepot</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Bridge"pot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The adjustable socket, or step, of a millstone spindle.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Bridgetree</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Bridge"tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bridge</ets> + <ets>tree</ets> a beam.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The beam which supports the spindle socket of the runner in a grinding mill.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Bridge-ward</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Bridge"-ward`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bridge keeper; a warden or a guard for a bridge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The principal ward of a key.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Bridgeing</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Bridge"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The system of bracing used between floor or other timbers to distribute the weight.</def>

<cs><col>Bridging joist</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Binding joist</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bridgey</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Bridge"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of bridges.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Bridle</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Bri"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bridel</ets>, AS. <ets>bridel</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>britil</ets>, <ets>brittil</ets>, D. <ets>breidel</ets>, and possibly to E. <ets>braid</ets>. Cf. <er>Bridoon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The head gear with which a horse is governed and restrained, consisting of a headstall, a bit, and reins, with other appendages.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A restraint; a curb; a check.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>The piece in the interior of a gun lock, which holds in place the timbler, sear, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A span of rope, line, or chain made fast as both ends, so that another rope, line, or chain may be attached to its middle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A mooring hawser.</def>

<cs><col>Bowline bridle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bowline</er>.</cd> -- <col>Branches of a bridle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Branch</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bridle cable</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a cable which is bent to a bridle. See 4, above.</cd> -- <col>Bridle hand</col>, <cd>the hand which holds the bridle in riding; the left hand.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Bridle path</col>, <col>Bridle way</col></mcol>, <cd>a path or way for saddle horses and pack horses, as distinguished from a road for vehicles.</cd> -- <col>Bridle port</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a porthole or opening in the bow through which hawsers, mooring or bridle cables, etc., are passed.</cd> -- <col>Bridle rein</col>, <cd>a rein attached to the bit.</cd> -- <col>Bridle road</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> Same as <i>Bridle path<i>. <i>Lowell</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> A road in a pleasure park reserved for horseback exercise.</cd> -- <col>Bridle track</col>, <cd>a bridle path.</cd> -- <col>Scolding bridle</col>. <cd>See <er>Branks</er>, 2.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- A check; restrain.</syn>

<h1>Bridle</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Bri"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bridled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bridling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put a bridle upon; to equip with a bridle; <as>as, to <ex>bridle</ex> a horse</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>bridled</b> her mouth with a silkweed twist.
<i>Drake.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To restrain, guide, or govern, with, or as with, a bridle; to check, curb, or control; <as>as, to <ex>bridle</ex> the passions; to <ex>bridle</ex> a muse.</as></def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>Savoy and Nice, the keys of Italy, and the citadel in her hands to <b>bridle</b> Switzerland, are in that consolidation.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To check; restrain; curb; govern; control; repress; master; subdue.</syn>

<h1>Bridle</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Bri"dle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To hold up the head, and draw in the chin, as an expression of pride, scorn, or resentment; to assume a lofty manner; -- usually with <i>up</i>.</def> "His <i>bridling</i> neck."

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<blockquote>By her <b>bridling</b> up I perceived she expected to be treated hereafter not as Jenny Distaff, but Mrs. Tranquillus.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bridle iron</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Bri"dle i`ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A strong flat bar of iron, so bent as to support, as in a stirrup, one end of a floor timber, etc., where no sufficient bearing can be had; -- called also <altname>stirrup</altname> and <altname>hanger</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bridler</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Bri"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bridles; one who restrains and governs, as with a bridle.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Bridoon</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Bri*doon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bridon</ets>, from <ets>bride</ets>; of German origin. See <er>Bridle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The snaffle and rein of a military bridle, which acts independently of the bit, at the pleasure of the rider. It is used in connection with a curb bit, which has its own rein.</def>

<i>Campbell.</i>

<h1>Brief</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Brief</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bref</ets>, F. <ets>brief</ets>, <ets>bref</ets>, fr. L. <ets>brevis</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/ short, and perh. to Skr. <ets>barh</ets> to tear. Cf. <er>Breve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Short in duration.</def>

<blockquote>How <b>brief</b> the life of man.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Concise; terse; succinct.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>brief</b> style is that which expresseth much in little.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Rife; common; prevalent.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>In brief</col>. <cd>See under <er>Brief</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Short; concise; succinct; summary; compendious; condensed; terse; curt; transistory; short-lived.</syn>

<h1>Brief</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Brief</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Briefly.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Adam, faltering long, thus answered <b>brief</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Soon; quickly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Brief</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Brief</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Brief</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Breve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A short concise writing or letter; a statement in few words.</def>

<blockquote>Bear this sealed <b>brief</b>,
With winged hastle, to the lord marshal.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And she told me
In a sweet, verbal <b>brief</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An epitome.</def>

<blockquote>Each woman is a <b>brief</b> of womankind.
<i>Overbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An abridgment or concise statement of a client's case, made out for the instruction of counsel in a trial at law. This word is applied also to a statement of the heads or points of a law argument.</def>

<blockquote>It was not without some reference to it that I perused many a <b>brief</b>.
<i>Sir J. Stephen.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In England, the <i>brief</i> is prepared by the attorney; in the United States, counsel generally make up their own briefs.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ; a breve. See <er>Breve</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A writ issuing from the chancery, directed to any judge ordinary, commanding and authorizing that judge to call a jury to inquire into the case, and upon their verdict to pronounce sentence.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A letter patent, from proper authority, authorizing a collection or charitable contribution of money in churches, for any public or private purpose.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>Apostolical brief</col>, <cd>a letter of the pope written on fine parchment in modern characters, subscribed by the secretary of briefs, dated "a die Nativitatis," <it>i. e.</it>, "from the day of the Nativity," and sealed with the ring of the fisherman. It differs from a <i>bull<i>, in its parchment, written character, date, and seal. See <er>Bull</er>.</cd> -- <col>Brief of title</col>, <cd>an abstract or abridgment of all the deeds and other papers constituting the chain of title to any real estate.</cd> -- <col>In brief</col>, <cd>in a few words; in short; briefly.</cd> "Open the matter <i>in brief<i>."  <i>Shak.</i></cs>

<h1>Brief</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Brief</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make an abstract or abridgment of; to shorten; <as>as, to <ex>brief</ex> pleadings</as>.</def>

<h1>Briefless</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Brief"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no brief; without clients; <as>as, a <ex>briefless</ex> barrister</as>.</def>

<h1>Briefly</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Brief"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Concisely; in few words.</def>

<h1>Briefman</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Brief"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who makes a brief.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A copier of a manuscript.</def>

<h1>Briefness</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Brief"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being brief; brevity; conciseness in discourse or writing.</def>

<h1>Brier, Briar</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw><hw>Bri"er</hw>, <hw>Bri"ar</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brere</ets>, <ets>brer</ets>, AS. <ets>br\'c7r</ets>, <ets>br\'91r</ets>; cf. Ir. <ets>briar</ets> prickle, thorn, brier, pin, Gael. <ets>preas</ets> bush, brier, W. <ets>prys</ets>, <ets>prysg</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A plant with a slender woody stem bearing stout prickles; especially, species of <i>Rosa</i>, <i>Rubus</i>, and <i>Smilax</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Anything sharp or unpleasant to the feelings.</def>

<blockquote>The thorns and <b>briers</b> of reproof.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Brier root</col>, <cd>the root of the southern <spn>Smilax laurifolia</spn> and <spn>S. Walleri</spn>; -- used for tobacco pipes.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cat brier</col>, <col>Green brier</col></mcol>, <cd>several species of Smilax (<spn>S. rotundifolia</spn>, etc.)</cd> -- <col>Sweet brier</col> (<spn>Rosa rubiginosa</spn>). <cd>See <er>Sweetbrier</er>.</cd> -- <col>Yellow brier</col>, <cd>the <spn>Rosa Eglantina</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Briered</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Bri"ered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Set with briers.</def>

<i>Chatterton.</i>

<h1>Briery</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Bri"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of briers; thorny.</def>

<h1>Briery</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Bri"er*y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place where briers grow.</def>

<i>Huloet.</i>

<h1>Brig</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Brig</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bridge.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Brig</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Brig</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Shortened from <er>Brigantine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A two-masted, square-rigged vessel.</def>

<cs><col>Hermaphrodite brig</col>, <cd>a two-masted vessel square-rigged forward and schooner-rigged aft. See <i>Illustration<i> in Appendix.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brigade</h1>
<Xpage=181>

<hw>Bri*gade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brigade</ets>, fr. It. <ets>brigata</ets> troop, crew, brigade, originally, a contending troop, fr. <ets>briga</ets> trouble, quarrel. See <er>Brigand</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A body of troops, whether cavalry, artillery, infantry, or mixed, consisting of two or more regiments, under the command of a brigadier general.</def>

<note>&hand; Two or more brigades constitute a division, commanded by a major general; two or more divisions constitute an army corps, or <i>corps d'arm\'82e</i>. <mark>[U.S.]</mark></note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any body of persons organized for acting or marching together under authority; <as>as, a fire <ex>brigade</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Brigade inspector</col>, <cd>an officer whose duty is to inspect troops in companies before they are mustered into service.</cd> -- <col>Brigade major</col>, <cd>an officer who may be attached to a brigade to assist the brigadier in his duties.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brigade</h1>
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<hw>Bri*gade"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brigaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Brigading</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To form into a brigade, or into brigades.</def>

<h1>Brigadier general</h1>
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<hw>Brig`a*dier" gen"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>brigadier</ets>, fr. <ets>brigade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An officer in rank next above a colonel, and below a major general. He commands a brigade, and is sometimes called, by a shortening of his title, simple a <i>brigadier</i>.</def>

<h1>Brigand</h1>
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<hw>Brig"and</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brigand</ets>, OF. <ets>brigant</ets> light-armed soldier, fr. LL. <ets>brigans</ets> light-armed soldier (cf. It. <ets>brigante</ets>.) fr. <ets>brigare</ets> to strive, contend, fr. <ets>briga</ets> quarrel; prob. of German origin, and akin to E. <ets>break</ets>; cf. Goth. <ets>brikan</ets> to break, <ets>brakja</ets> strife. Cf. <er>Brigue</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A light-armed, irregular foot soldier.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lawless fellow who lives by plunder; one of a band of robbers; especially, one of a gang living in mountain retreats; a highwayman; a freebooter.</def>

<blockquote>Giving them not a little the air of <b>brigands</b> or banditti.
<i>Jeffery.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brigandage</h1>
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<hw>Brig"and*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brigandage</ets>.]</ety> <def>Life and practice of brigands; highway robbery; plunder.</def>

<h1>Brigandine</h1>
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<hw>Brig"an*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brigandine</ets> (cf. It. <ets>brigantina</ets>), fr. OF. <ets>brigant</ets>. See <er>Brigand</er>.]</ety> <def>A coast of armor for the body, consisting of scales or plates, sometimes overlapping each other, generally of metal, and sewed to linen or other material. It was worn in the Middle Ages.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>brigantine</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Jer. xlvi. 4.</i>

<blockquote>Then put on all thy gorgeous arms, thy helmet,
And <b>brigandine</b> of brass.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brigandish</h1>
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<hw>Brig"and*ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a brigand or freebooter; robberlike.</def>

<h1>Brigandism</h1>
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<hw>Brig"and*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Brigandage.</def>

<h1>Brigantine</h1>
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<hw>Brig"an*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brigantin</ets>, fr. It. <ets>brigantino</ets>, originally, a practical vessel. See <er>Brigand</er>, and cf. <er>Brig</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A practical vessel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A two-masted, square-rigged vessel, differing from a brig in that she does not carry a square mainsail.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>See <er>Brigandine</er>.</def>

<h1>Brigge</h1>
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<hw>Brig"ge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bridge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Bright</h1>
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<hw>Bright</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Brite</er>, <i>v. i.</i></def>

<h1>Bright</h1>
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<hw>Bright</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>briht</ets>, AS. <ets>beorht</ets>, <ets>briht</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>berht</ets>, OHG. <ets>beraht</ets>, Icel. <ets>bjartr</ets>, Goth. <ets>ba\'a1rhts</ets>. &root;94.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Radiating or reflecting light; shedding or having much light; shining; luminous; not dark.</def>

<blockquote>The sun was <b>bright</b> o'erhead.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The earth was dark, but the heavens were <b>bright</b>.
<i>Drake.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The public places were as <b>bright</b> as at noonday.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Transmitting light; clear; transparent.</def>

<blockquote>From the <b>brightest</b> wines
He 'd turn abhorrent.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having qualities that render conspicuous or attractive, or that affect the mind as light does the eye; resplendent with charms; <as>as, <ex>bright</ex> beauty</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bright</b> as an angel new-dropped from the sky.
<i>Parnell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Having a clear, quick intellect; intelligent.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Sparkling with wit; lively; vivacious; shedding cheerfulness and joy around; cheerful; cheery.</def>

<blockquote>Be <b>bright</b> and jovial among your guests.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Illustrious; glorious.</def>

<blockquote>In the <b>brightest</b> annals of a female reign.
<i>Cotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Manifest to the mind, as light is to the eyes; clear; evident; plain.</def>

<blockquote>That he may with more ease, with <b>brighter</b> evidence, and with surer success, draw the bearner on.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Of brilliant color; of lively hue or appearance.</def>

<blockquote>Here the <b>bright</b> crocus and blue violet grew.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Bright</i> is used in composition in the sense of brilliant, clear, sunny, etc.; <as>as, <ex>bright</ex>-eyed, <ex>bright</ex>-haired, <ex>bright</ex>-hued</as>.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Shining; splending; luminous; lustrous; brilliant; resplendent; effulgent; refulgent; radiant; sparkling; glittering; lucid; beamy; clear; transparent; illustrious; witty; clear; vivacious; sunny.</syn>

<h1>Bright</h1>
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<hw>Bright</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Splendor; brightness.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Dark with excessive <b>bright</b> thy skirts appear.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bright</h1>
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<hw>Bright</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Brightly.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>I say it is the moon that shines so <b>bright</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brighten</h1>
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<hw>Bright"en</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brightened</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Brightening</er>.]</wordforms> <note>[From <er>Bright</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</note> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make bright or brighter; to make to shine; to increase the luster of; to give a brighter hue to.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make illustrious, or more distinguished; to add luster or splendor to.</def>

<blockquote>The present queen would <b>brighten</b> her character, if she would exert her authority to instill virtues into her people.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To improve or relieve by dispelling gloom or removing that which obscures and darkens; to shed light upon; to make cheerful; <as>as, to <ex>brighten</ex> one's prospects</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An ecstasy, which mothers only feel,
Plays round my heart and <b>brightens</b> all my sorrow.
<i>Philips.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make acute or witty; to enliven.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Brighten</h1>
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<hw>Bright"en</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>beorhtan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To grow bright, or more bright; to become less dark or gloomy; to clear up; to become bright or cheerful.</def>

<blockquote>And night shall <b>brighten</b> into day.
<i>N. Cotton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And, all his prospects <b>brightening</b> to the last,
His heaven commences ere world be past.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bright-harnessed</h1>
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<hw>Bright"-har`nessed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having glittering armor.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Brightly</h1>
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<hw>Bright"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Brilliantly; splendidly; with luster; <as>as, <ex>brightly</ex> shining armor</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With lively intelligence; intelligently.</def>

<blockquote>Looking <b>brightly</b> into the mother's face.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brightness</h1>
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<hw>Bright"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>beorhines</ets>. See <er>Bright</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being bright; splendor; luster; brilliancy; clearness.</def>

<blockquote>A sudden <b>brightness</b> in his face appear.
<i>Crabbe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Acuteness (of the faculties); sharpness 9wit.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>brightness</b> of his parts . . . distinguished him.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Splendor; luster; radiance; resplendence; brilliancy; effulgence; glory; clearness.</syn>

<h1>Bright's disease</h1>
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<hw>Bright's" dis*ease"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From Dr. <ets>Bright</ets> of London, who first described it.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An affection of the kidneys, usually inflammatory in character, and distinguished by the occurrence of albumin and renal casts in the urine. Several varieties of Bright's disease are now recognized, differing in the part of the kidney involved, and in the intensity and course of the morbid process.</def>

<h1>Brightsome</h1>
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<hw>Bright"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bright; clear; luminous; brilliant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Marlowe.</i>

<h1>Brigose</h1>
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<hw>Bri*gose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>brigosus</ets>, It. <ets>brigoso</ets>. See <er>Brigue</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Contentious; quarrelsome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Puller.</i>

<h1>Brigue</h1>
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<hw>Brigue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brigue</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>briga</ets> quarrel. See <er>Brigand</er>.]</ety> <def>A cabal, intrigue, faction, contention, strife, or quarrel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Brigue</h1>
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<hw>Brigue</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>briguer</ets>. See <er>Brigue</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To contend for; to canvass; to solicit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hurd.</i>

<h1>Brike</h1>
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<hw>Brike</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>brice</ets>.]</ety> <def>A breach; ruin; downfall; peril.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Brill</h1>
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<hw>Brill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Corn. <ets>brilli</ets> mackerel, fr. <ets>brith</ets> streaked, speckled.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish allied to the turbot (<spn>Rhombus levis</spn>), much esteemed in England for food; -- called also <altname>bret</altname>, <altname>pearl</altname>, <altname>prill</altname>. See <er>Bret</er>.</def>

<h1>Brillante</h1>
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<hw>Bril*lan"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Brilliant</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In a gay, showy, and sparkling style.</def>

<h1>Brillance</h1>
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<hw>Bril"lance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Brilliancy.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Brillancy</h1>
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<hw>Bril"lan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Brilliant</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being brilliant; splendor; glitter; great brighness, whether in a literal or figurative sense.</def>

<blockquote>With many readers <b>brilliancy</b> of style passes for affluence of thought.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="182">
Page 182<p>

<h1>Brilliant</h1>
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<hw>Bril"liant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brillant</ets>, <tt>p. pr.</tt> of <ets>briller</ets> to shine or sparkle (cf. Pr. & Sp. <ets>brillar</ets>, It. <ets>brillare</ets>), fr. L. <ets>beryllus</ets> a precious stone of sea-green color, Prov. It. <ets>brill</ets>. See <er>Beryl</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sparkling with luster; glittering; very bright; <as>as, a <ex>brilliant</ex> star</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Distinguished by qualities which excite admiration; splended; shining; <as>as, <ex>brilliant</ex> talents</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Washington was more solicitous to avoid fatal mistakes than to perform <b>brilliant</b> exploits.
<i>Fisher Ames.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Shining</er>.</syn>

<h1>Brilliant</h1>
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<hw>Bril"liant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brillant</ets>. See <er>Brilliant</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A diamond or other gem of the finest cut, formed into faces and facets, so as to reflect and refract the light, by which it is rendered nore brilliant. It has at the middle, or top, a principal face, called the <i>table</i>, which is surrounded by a number of sloping facets forming a <i>bizet</i>; below, it has a small face or <i>collet</i>, parallel to the table, connected with the <i>gridle</i> by a <i>pavilion</i> of elongated facets. It is thus distinguished from the <i>rose</i> diamond, which is entirely covered with facets on the surface, and is flat below.</def>

<blockquote>This snuffbox -- on the hinge see <b>brilliants</b> shine.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The small size of type used in England printing.</def>

<note>&hand; This line is printed in the type called Brilliant. <?/<?/</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of kotton goods, figured on the weaving.</def>

<h1>Brilliantly</h1>
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<hw>Bril"liant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a brilliant manner.</def>

<h1>Brilliantness</h1>
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<hw>Bril"liant*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Brilliancy; splendor; glitter.</def>

<h1>Brills</h1>
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<hw>Brills</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[CF. G. <ets>brille</ets> spectacles, D. <ets>bril</ets>, fr. L. <ets>berillus</ets>. See <er>Brilliant</er>.]</ety> <def>The hair on the eyelids of a horse.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Brim</h1>
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<hw>Brim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brim</ets>, <ets>brimme</ets>, AS. <ets>brymme</ets> edge, border; akin to Icel. <ets>barmr</ets>, Sw. <ets>br\'84m</ets>, Dan. <ets>br\'91mme</ets>, G. <ets>brame</ets>, <ets>br\'84me</ets>. Possibly the same word as AS. <ets>brim</ets> surge, sea, and properly meaning, the line of surf at the border of the sea, and akin to L. <ets>fremere</ets> to roar, murmur. Cf. <er>Breeze</er> a fly.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The rim, border, or upper sdge of a cup, dish, or any hollow vessel used for holding anything.</def>

<blockquote>Saw I that insect on this goblet's <b>brim</b>
I would remove it with an anxious pity.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The edge or margin, as of a fountain, or of the water contained in it; the brink; border.</def>

<blockquote>The feet of the priest that bare the ark were dipped in the <b>brim</b> of the water.
<i>Josh. iii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The rim of a hat.</def>

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<h1>Brim</h1>
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<hw>Brim</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brimmed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Brimming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To be full to the brim.</def> "The <i>brimming</i> stream."

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>To brim over</col> <mark>(literally or figuratively)</mark>, <cd>to be so full that some of the contents flows over the brim; as, cup <i>brimming over<i> with wine; a man <i>brimming over<i> with fun.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brim</h1>
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<hw>Brim</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fill to the brim, upper edge, or top.</def>

<blockquote>Arrange the board and <b>brim</b> the glass.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brim</h1>
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<hw>Brim</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fierce; sharp; cold. See <er>Breme</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Brimful</h1>
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<hw>Brim"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full to the brim; completely full; ready to overflow.</def> "Her <i>brimful</i> eyes."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Brimless</h1>
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<hw>Brim"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no brim; <as>as, <ex>brimless</ex> caps</as>.</def>

<h1>Brimmed</h1>
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<hw>Brimmed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a brim; -- usually in composition.</def> "Broad-<i>brimmed</i> hat."

<i>Spectator.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Full to, or level with, the brim.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Brimmer</h1>
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<hw>Brim"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A brimful bowl; a bumper.</def>

<h1>Brimming</h1>
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<hw>Brim"ming</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full to the brim; overflowing.</def>

<h1>Brimstone</h1>
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<hw>Brim"stone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brimston</ets>, <ets>bremston</ets>, <ets>bernston</ets>, <ets>brenston</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>brennistein</ets>. See <er>Burn</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and <er>Stone</er>.]</ety> <def>Sulphur; See <er>Sulphur</er>.</def>

<h1>Brimstone</h1>
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<hw>Brim"stone</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of, or pertaining to, brimstone; <as>as, <ex>brimstone</ex> matches</as>.</def>

<blockquote>From his <b>brimstone</b> bed at break of day
A-walking the devil has gone.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brimstony</h1>
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<hw>Brim"sto`ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing or resembling brimstone; sulphurous.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Brin</h1>
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<hw>Brin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>One of the radiating sticks of a fan. The outermost are larger and longer, and are called <i>panaches</i>.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Brinded</h1>
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<hw>Brin"ded</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>br\'94nd\'d3ttr</ets> brindled, fr. <ets>brandr</ets> brand; and OE. <ets>bernen</ets>, <ets>brinnen</ets>, to burn. See <er>Brand</er>, <er>Burn</er>.]</ety> <def>Of a gray or tawny color with streaks of darker hue; streaked; brindled.</def>  "Three <i>brinded</i> cows," <i>Dryden</i>. "The <i>brinded</i> cat." <i>Shak</i>.

<h1>Brindle</h1>
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<hw>Brin"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Brindled</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being brindled.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A brindled color; also, that which is brindled.</def>

<h1>Brindle</h1>
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<hw>Brin"dle</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Brindled.</def>

<h1>Brindled</h1>
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<hw>Brin"dled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[A dim. form of <ets>brinded</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having dark streaks or spots on a gray or tawny ground; brinded.</def> "With a <i>brindled</i> lion played."

<i>Churchill.</i>

<h1>Brine</h1>
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<hw>Brine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bryne</ets> a burning, salt liquor, brine, fr. <ets>brinnan</ets>, <ets>brynnan</ets>, to burn. See <er>Burn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Water saturated or strongly inpregnated with salt; pickle; hence, any strong saline solution; also, the saline residue or strong mother liquor resulting from the evaporation of natural or artificial waters.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The ocean; the water of an ocean, sea, or salt lake.</def>

<blockquote>Not long beneath the whelming <b>brine</b> . . . he lay.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Tears; -- so called from their saltness.</def>

<blockquote>What a deal of <b>brine</b>
Hath washed thy sallow cheecks for
Rosaline!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Brine fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fly of the genus <spn>Ephydra</spn>, the larv\'91 of which live in artificial brines and in salt lakes.</cd> -- <col>Brine gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring the saltness of a liquid.</cd> -- <col>Brine pan</col>, <cd>a pit or pan of salt water, where salt is formed by cristallization.</cd> -- <col>Brine pit</col>, <cd>a salt spring or well, from which water is taken to be boiled or evaporated for making salt.</cd> -- <col>Brine pump</col> <fld>(Marine Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a pump for changing the water in the boilers, so as to clear them of the brine which collects at the bottom.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Brine shrimp</col>, <col>Brine worm</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a phyllopod crustacean of the genus <spn>Artemia</spn>, inhabiting the strong brines of salt works and natural salt lakes. See <er>Artemia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Brine spring</col>, <cd>a spring of salt water.</cd> -- <col>Leach brine</col> <fld>(Saltmaking)</fld>, <cd>brine which drops from granulated salt in drying, and is preserved to be boiled again.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brine</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Brine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To steep or saturate in brine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sprinkle with salt or brine; <as>as, to <ex>brine</ex> hay</as>.</def>

<h1>Bring</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Bring</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brought</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bringing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bringen</ets>, AS. <ets>bringan</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>brengian</ets>, D. <ets>brengen</ets>, Fries. <ets>brenga</ets>, OHG. <ets>bringan</ets>, G. <ets>bringen</ets>, Goth. <ets>briggan</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To convey to the place where the speaker is or is to be; to bear from a more distant to a nearer place; to fetch.</def>

<blockquote>And as she was going to fetch it, he called to her, and said, <b>Bring</b> me, I pray thee, a morsel of bread.
<i>1 Kings xvii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To France shall we convey you safe,
And <b>bring</b> you back.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause the accession or obtaining of; to procure; to make to come; to produce; to draw to.</def>

<blockquote>There is nothing will <b>bring</b> you more honor . . . than to do what right in justice you may.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To convey; to move; to carry or conduct.</def>

<blockquote>In distillation, the water . . . <b>brings</b> over with it some part of the oil of vitriol.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To persuade; to induce; to draw; to lead; to guide.</def>

<blockquote>It seems so preposterous a thing . . . that they do not easily <b>bring</b> themselves to it.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The nature of the things . . . would not suffer him to think otherwise, how, or whensoever, he is <b>brought</b> to reflect on them.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To produce in exchange; to sell for; to fetch; as, what does coal <i>bring</i> per ton?</def>

<cs><col>To bring about</col>, <cd>to bring to pass; to effect; to accomplish.</cd> -- <col>To bring back</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To recall.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To restore, as something borrowed, to its owner.</cd> -- <col>To bring by the lee</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to incline so rapidly to leeward of the course, when a ship sails large, as to bring the lee side suddenly to the windward, any by laying the sails aback, expose her to danger of upsetting.</cd> -- <col>To bring down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To cause to come down.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To humble or abase; <as>as, <ex>to bring down<ex> high looks</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bring down the house</col>, <cd>to cause tremendous applause.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To bring forth</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To produce, as young fruit.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To bring to light; to make manifest.</cd> -- <col>To bring forward</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To exhibit; to introduce; to produce to view.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To hasten; to promote; to forward.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To propose; to adduce; <as>as, <ex>to bring forward<ex> arguments</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bring home</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To bring to one's house.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To prove conclusively; <as>as, <ex>to bring home<ex> a charge of treason</as>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To cause one to feel or appreciate by personal experience.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Naut.</fld>) <cd>To lift of its place, as an anchor.</cd> -- <col>To bring in</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To fetch from without; to import.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To introduce, as a bill in a deliberative assembly.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To return or repot to, or lay before, a court or other body; to render; <as>as, <ex>to bring in<ex> a verdict or a report</as>.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To take to an appointed place of deposit or collection; <as>as, <ex>to bring in<ex> provisions or money for a specified object</as>.</cd> <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To produce, as income.</cd> <sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To induce to join.</cd> -- <col>To bring off</col>, <cd>to bear or convey away; to clear from condemnation; to cause to escape.</cd> -- <col>To bring on</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To cause to begin.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To originate or cause to exist; <as>as, <ex>to bring on<ex> a disease</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bring one on one's way</col>, <cd>to accompany, guide, or attend one.</cd> -- <col>To bring out</col>, <cd>to expose; to detect; to bring to light from concealment.</cd> -- <col>To bring over</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To fetch or bear across.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To convert by persuasion or other means; to cause to change sides or an opinion.</cd> -- <col>To bring to</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To resuscitate; to bring back to consciousness or life, as a fainting person.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To check the course of, as of a ship, by dropping the anchor, or by counterbracing the sails so as to keep her nearly stationary (she is then said to <i>lie to<i>).</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To cause (a vessel) to lie to, as by firing across her course.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To apply a rope to the capstan.</cd> -- <col>To bring to light</col>, <cd>to disclose; to discover; to make clear; to reveal.</cd> -- <col>To bring a sail to</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to bend it to the yard.</cd> -- <col>To bring to pass</col>, <cd>to accomplish to effect.</cd> "Trust also in Him; and He shall <i>bring it to pass<i>." <i>Ps. xxxvii. 5</i>. -- <col>To bring under</col>, <cd>to subdue; to restrain; to reduce to obedience.</cd> -- <col>To bring up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To carry upward; to nurse; to rear; to educate.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To cause to stop suddenly.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <note>[<tt>v. i.</tt> by dropping the reflexive pronoun]</note> <cd>To stop suddenly; to come to a standstill.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To bring up (any one) with a round turn</col>, <cd>to cause (any one) to stop abruptly.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To be brought to bed</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bed</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To fetch; bear; carry; convey; transport; import; procure; produce; cause; adduce; induce.</syn>

<h1>Bringer</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Bring"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who brings.</def>

<blockquote>Yet the first <b>bringer</b> of unwelcome news
Hath but a losing office.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bringer in</col>, <cd>one who, or that which, introduces.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brininess</h1>
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<hw>Brin"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being briny; saltness; brinishness.</def>

<h1>Brinish</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Brin"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like brine; somewhat salt; saltish.</def> "<i>Brinish</i> tears."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Brinishness</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Brin"ish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or quality of being brinish.</def>

<h1>Brinjaree</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Brin"ja*ree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rough-haired East Indian variety of the greyhound.</def>

<h1>Brink</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Brink</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dan. <ets>brink</ets> edge, verge; akin to Sw. <ets>brink</ets> declivity, hill, Icel. <ets>brekka</ets>; cf. LG. <ets>brink</ets> a grassy hill, W. <ets>bryn</ets> hill, <ets>bryncyn</ets> hillock.]</ety> <def>The edge, margin, or border of a steep place, as of a precipice; a bank or edge, as of a river or pit; a verge; a border; <as>as, the <ex>brink</ex> of a chasm</as>. Also Fig.</def>  "The <i>brink</i> of vice." <i>Bp. Porteus</i>. "The <i>brink</i> of ruin." <i>Burke</i>.

<blockquote>The plashy <b>brink</b> of weedy lake.
<i>Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Briny</h1>
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<hw>Brin"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Brine</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to brine, or to the sea; partaking of the nature of brine; salt; <as>as, a <ex>briny</ex> taste; the <ex>briny</ex> flood.</as></def>

<h1>Briony</h1>
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<hw>Bri"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bryony</er>.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Brisk</h1>
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<hw>Brisk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>brysg</ets>, fr. <ets>brys</ets> haste, Gael. <ets>briosg</ets> quick, lively, Ir. <ets>broisg</ets> a start, leap, jerk.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of liveliness and activity; characterized by quickness of motion or action; lively; spirited; quick.</def>

<blockquote>Cheerily, boys; be <b>brick</b> awhile.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Brick</b> toil alternating with ready ease.
<i>Wordworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Full of spirit of life; effervesc<?/ng, as liquors; sparkling; <as>as, <ex>brick</ex> cider</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Active; lively; agile; alert; nimble; quick; sprightly; vivacious; gay; spirited; animated.</syn>

<h1>Brisk</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Brisk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bricked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bricking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make or become lively; to enliven; to animate; to take, or cause to take, an erect or bold attitude; -- usually with <i>up</i>.</def>

<h1>Brisket</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Bris"ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bruskette</ets>, OF. <ets>bruschet</ets>, F. <ets>br\'82chet</ets>, <ets>brichet</ets>; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets>brysced</ets> the breast of a slain animal, brisket, Corn. <ets>vrys</ets> breast, Armor. <ets>brusk</ets>, <ets>bruched</ets>, the front of the chest, Gael. <ets>brisgein</ets> the cartilaginous part of a bone.]</ety> <def>That part of the breast of an animal which extends from the fore legs back beneath the ribs; also applied to the fore part of a horse, from the shoulders to the bottom of the chest.</def>  <note>[See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Beef</er>.]</note>

<h1>Briskly</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Brisk"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a brisk manner; nimbly.</def>

<h1>Briskness</h1>
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<hw>Brisk"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Liveliness; vigor in action; quickness; gayety; vivacity; effervescence.</def>

<h1>Bristle</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Bris"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bristel</ets>, <ets>brustel</ets>, AS. <ets>bristl</ets>, <ets>byrst</ets>; akin to D. <ets>borstel</ets>, OHG. <ets>burst</ets>, G. <ets>borste</ets>, Icel. <ets>burst</ets>, Sw. <ets>borst</ets>, and to Skr. <ets>bh<?/shti</ets> edge, point, and prob, L. <ets>fastigium</ets> extremity, Gr. <?/ stern of a ship, and E. <ets>brush</ets>, <ets>burr</ets>, perh. to <ets>brad</ets>. &root;96.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A short, stiff, coarse hair, as on the back of swine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A stiff, sharp, roundish hair.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Bristle</h1>
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<hw>Bris"tle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bristled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bristling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To erect the bristles of; to cause to stand up, as the bristles of an angry hog; -- sometimes with <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Now for the bare-picked bone of majesty
Doth dogged war <b>bristle</b> his angry crest.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Boy, <b>bristle</b> thy courage up.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fix a bristle to; <as>as, to <ex>bristle</ex> a thread</as>.</def>

<h1>Bristle</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Bris"tle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rise or stand erect, like bristles.</def>

<blockquote>His hair did <b>bristle</b> upon his head.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To appear as if covered with bristles; to have standing, thick and erect, like bristles.</def>

<blockquote>The hill of La Haye Sainte <b>bristling</b> with ten thousand bayonets.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ports <b>bristling</b> with thousands of masts.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To show deflance or indignation.</def>

<cs><col>To bristle up</col>, <cd>to show anger or deflance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bristle-pointed</h1>
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<hw>Bris"tle-point`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Terminating in a very fine, sharp point, as some leaves.</def>

<h1>Bristle-shaped</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Bris"tle-shaped`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a bristle in form; <as>as, a <ex>bristle-shaped</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Bristletail</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Bris"tle*tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect of the genera <spn>Lepisma</spn>, <spn>Campodea</spn>, etc., belonging to the Thysanura.</def>

<h1>Bristliness</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Bris"tli*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of having bristles.</def>

<h1>Bristly</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Bris"tly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>THick set with bristles, or with hairs resembling bristles; rough.</def>

<blockquote>The leaves of the black mulberry are somewhat <b>bristly</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bristol</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Bris"tol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A seaport city in the west of England.</def>

<cs><col>Bristol board</col>, <cd>a kind of fine pasteboard, made with a smooth but usually unglazed surface.</cd> -- <col>Bristol brick</col>, <cd>a brick of siliceous matter used for polishing cultery; -- originally manufactured at <ets>Bristol<ets>.</cd> -- <col>Bristol stone</col>, <cd>rock crystal, or brilliant crystals of quartz, found in the mountain limestone near <ets>Bristol<ets>, and used in making ornaments, vases, etc. When polished, it is called <stype>Bristol diamond</stype>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brisure</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Bri*sure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>Any part of a rampart or parapet which deviates from the general direction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A mark of cadency or difference.</def>

<h1>Brit, Britt</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw><hw>Brit</hw>, <hw>Britt</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The young of the common herring; also, a small species of herring; the sprat.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The minute marine animals (chiefly Entomostraca) upon which the right whales feed.</def>

<h1>Britannia</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Bri*tan"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>Britannia</ets> Great Britain.]</ety> <def>A white-metal alloy of tin, antimony, bismuth, copper, etc. It somewhat resembles silver, and isused for table ware. Called also <altname>Britannia metal</altname>.</def>

<h1>Britannic</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Bri*tan"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Britannicus</ets>, fr. <ets>Britannia</ets> Great Britain.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Great Britain; British; <as>as, her <ex>Britannic</ex> Majesty</as>.</def>

<h1>Brite, Bright</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw><hw>Brite</hw>, <hw>Bright</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To be or become overripe, as wheat, barley, or hops.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Briticism</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Brit"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A word, phrase, or idiom peculiar to Great Britain; any manner of using a word or words that is peculiar to Great Britain.</def>

<h1>British</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Brit"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>Brittisc</ets>, <ets>Bryttisc</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Great Britain or to its inhabitants; -- sometimes restrict to the original inhabitants.</def>

<cs><col>British gum</col>, <cd>a brownish substance, very soluble in cold water, formed by heating dry starch at a temperature of about 600\'f8 Fahr. It corresponds, in its properties, to dextrin, and is used, in solution, as a substitute for gum in stiffering goods.</cd> -- <col>British lion</col>, <cd>the national emblem of Great Britain.</cd> -- <col>British seas</col>, <cd>the four seas which surround Great Britain.</cd></cs>

<h1>British</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Brit"ish</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>People of Great Britain.</def>

<h1>Britisher</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Brit"ish*er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An Englishman; a subject or inhabitant of Great Britain, esp. one in the British military or naval service.</def> <mark>[Now used jocosely]</mark>

<h1>Briton</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Brit"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bryten</ets> Britain.]</ety> <def>British.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Spenser</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native of Great Britain.</def></def2>

<h1>Brittle</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Brit"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>britel</ets>, <ets>brutel</ets>, AS. <ets>bryttian</ets> to dispense, fr. <ets>bre\'a2tan</ets> to break; akin to Icel. <ets>brytja</ets>, Sw. <ets>bryta</ets>, Dan. <ets>bryde</ets>. Cf. <er>Brickle</er>.]</ety> <def>Easily broken; apt to break; fragile; not tough or tenacious<-- contrast to flexible; usually hard -->.</def>

<blockquote>Farewell, thou pretty, <b>brittle</b> piece
Of fine-cut crystal.
<i>Cotton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Brittle silver ore</col>, <cd>the mineral stephanite.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brittlely</h1>
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<hw>Brit"tle*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a brittle manner.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Brittleness</h1>
<Xpage=182>

<hw>Brit"tle*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Aptness to break; fragility.</def>

<hr>
<page="183">
Page 183<p>

<h1>Brittle star</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Brit"tle star`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Any species of ophiuran starfishes. See <er>Ophiuroidea</er>.</def>

<h1>Britzska</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Britz"ska</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>britshka</ets>; cf. Pol. <ets>bryczka</ets>, dim. of <ets>bryka</ets> freight wagon.]</ety> <def>A long carriage, with a calash top, so constructed as to give space for reclining at night, when used on a journey.</def>

<h1>Brize</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Brize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The breeze fly. See <er>Breeze</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Broach</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>broche</ets>, F. <ets>broche</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>brocca</ets>; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets>proc</ets> thrust, stab, Gael. <ets>brog</ets> awl. Cf. <er>Brooch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A spit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He turned a <b>broach</b> that had worn a crown.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An awl; a bodkin; also, a wooden rod or pin, sharpened at each end, used by thatchers.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Forby.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tool of steel, generally tapering, and of a polygonal form, with from four to eight cutting edges, for smoothing or enlarging holes in metal; sometimes made smooth or without edges, as for burnishing pivot holes in watches; a reamer. The broach for gun barrels is commonly square and without taper.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A straight tool with file teeth, made of steel, to be pressed through irregular holes in metal that cannot be dressed by revolving tools; a drift.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>A broad chisel for stonecutting.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A spire rising from a tower.</def> <mark>[Local, Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A clasp for fastening a garment. See <er>Brooch</er>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A spitlike start, on the head of a young stag.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The stick from which candle wicks are suspended for dipping.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>The pin in a lock which enters the barrel of the key.</def>

<h1>Broach</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broach</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Broached</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Broaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>brocher</ets>, fr. <ets>broche</ets>. See <er>Broach</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To spit; to pierce as with a spit.</def>

<blockquote>I'll <b>broach</b> the tadpole on my rapier's point.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To tap; to pierce, as a cask, in order to draw the liquor. Hence: To let out; to shed, as blood.</def>

<blockquote>Whereat with blade, with bloody blameful blade,
He bravely <b>broached</b> his boiling bloody breast.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To open for the first time, as stores.</def>

<blockquote>You shall want neither weapons, victuals, nor aid; I will open the old armories, I will <b>broach</b> my store, and will bring forth my stores.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make public; to utter; to publish first; to put forth; to introduce as a topic of conversation.</def>

<blockquote>Those very opinions themselves had <b>broached</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To cause to begin or break out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>To shape roughly, as a block of stone, by chiseling with a coarse tool.</def> <mark>[Scot. & North of Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To enlarge or dress (a hole), by using a broach.</def>

<cs><col>To broach to</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to incline suddenly to windward, so as to lay the sails aback, and expose the vessel to the danger of oversetting.</cd></cs>

<h1>Broacher</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broach"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A spit; a broach.</def>

<blockquote>On five sharp <b>broachers</b> ranked, the roast they turned.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who broaches, opens, or utters; a first publisher or promoter.</def>

<blockquote>Some such <b>broacher</b> of heresy.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Broad</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Broader</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Broadest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>brod</ets>, <ets>brad</ets>, AS. <ets>br\'bed</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>br\'c7d</ets>, D. <ets>breed</ets>, G. <ets>breit</ets>, Icel. <ets>brei<?/r</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>bred</ets>, Goth. <ets>braids</ets>. Cf. <er>Breadth</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wide; extend in breadth, or from side to side; -- opposed to <i>narrow</i>; <as>as, a <ex>broad</ex> street, a <ex>broad</ex> table; an inch <ex>broad</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Extending far and wide; extensive; vast; <as>as, the <ex>broad</ex> expanse of ocean</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Extended, in the sense of diffused; open; clear; full.</def> "<i>Broad</i> and open day."

<i>Bp. Porteus.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fig.: Having a large measure of any thing or quality; not limited; not restrained; -- applied to any subject, and retaining the literal idea more or less clearly, the precise meaning depending largely on the substantive.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>broad</b> mixture of falsehood.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<note>Hence: -</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Comprehensive; liberal; enlarged.</def>

<blockquote>The words in the Constitution are <b>broad</b> enough to include the case.
<i>D. Daggett.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In a <b>broad</b>, statesmanlike, and masterly way.
<i>E. Everett.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Plain; evident; <as>as, a <ex>broad</ex> hint</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Free; unrestrained; unconfined.</def>

<blockquote>As <b>broad</b> and general as the casing air.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Characterized by breadth. See <er>Breadth</er>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Cross; coarse; indelicate; <as>as, a <ex>broad</ex> compliment; a <ex>broad</ex> joke; <ex>broad</ex> humor.</as></def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Strongly marked; <as>as, a <ex>broad</ex> Scotch accent</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Broad</i> is often used in compounds to signify <i>wide</i>, <i>large</i>, etc.; <as>as, <ex>broad</ex>-chested, <ex>broad</ex>-shouldered, <ex>broad</ex>-spreading, <ex>broad</ex>-winged.</note>

<cs><col>Broad acres</col>. <cd>See under <er>Acre</er>.</cd> -- <col>Broad arrow</col>, <cd>originally a pheon. See <er>Pheon</er>, and <i>Broad arrow<i> under <er>Arrow</er>.</cd> -- <col>As broad as long</col>, <cd>having the length equal to the breadth; hence, the same one way as another; coming to the same result by different ways or processes.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>It is as <b>broad as long</b>, whether they rise to others, or bring others down to them.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Broad pennant</col>. <cd>See under <er>Pennant</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Wide; large; ample; expanded; spacious; roomy; extensive; vast; comprehensive; liberal.</syn>

<h1>Broad</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The broad part of anything; <as>as, the <ex>broad</ex> of an oar</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The spread of a river into a sheet of water; a flooded fen.</def> <mark>[Local, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A lathe tool for turning down the insides and bottoms of cylinders.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Broadax Broadaxe</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw><hw>Broad"ax` Broad"axe`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ancient military weapon; a battle-ax.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ax with a broad edge, for hewing timber.</def>

<h1>Broadbill</h1>
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<hw>Broad"bill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wild duck (<spn>Aythya, &or; Fuligula, marila)</spn>, which appears in large numbers on the eastern coast of the United States, in autumn; -- called also <altname>bluebill</altname>, <altname>blackhead</altname>, <altname>raft duck</altname>, and <altname>scaup duck</altname>. See <er>Scaup duck</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The shoveler. See <er>Shoveler</er>.</def>

<h1>Broadbrim</h1>
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<hw>Broad"brim`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hat with a very broad brim, like those worn by men of the society of Friends.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of the society of Friends; a Quaker.</def> <mark>[Sportive]</mark>

<h1>Broad-brimmed</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad"-brimmed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a broad brim.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>broad-brimmed</b> flat silver plate.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Broadcast</h1>
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<hw>Broad"cast`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>A casting or throwing seed in all directions, as from the hand in sowing.</def>

<h1>Broadcast</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad"cast`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cast or dispersed in all directions, as seed from the hand in sowing; widely diffused.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Scattering in all directions (as a method of sowing); -- opposed to planting in hills, or rows.</def>

<h1>Broadcast</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad"cast`</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to scatter or be scattered in all directions; so as to spread widely, as seed from the hand in sowing, or news from the press.</def>

<h1>Broad Church</h1>
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<hw>Broad" Church`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A portion of the Church of England, consisting of persons who claim to hold a position, in respect to doctrine and fellowship, intermediate between the High Church party and the Low Church, or evangelical, party. The term has been applied to otherbodies of men holding liberal or comprehensive views of Christian doctrine and fellowship.</def>

<blockquote>Side by side with these various shades of High and Low Church, another party of a different character has always existed in the Church of England. It is called by different names: Moderate, Catholic, or <b>Broad Church</b>, by its friends; Latitudinarian or Indifferent, by its enemies. Its distinctive character is the desire of comprehension. Its watch words are charity and toleration.
<i>Conybeare.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Broadcloth</h1>
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<hw>Broad"cloth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fine smooth-faced woolen cloth for men's garments, usually of double width (<it>i.e.</it>, a yard and a half); -- so called in distinction from woolens three quarters of a yard wide.</def>

<h1>Broaden</h1>
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<hw>Broad"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>p. & p. p.</tt> <er>Broadened</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Broadening</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Broad</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To grow broad; to become broader or wider.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>broadening</b> sun appears.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Broaden</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad"en</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make broad or broader; to render more broad or comprehensive.</def>

<h1>Broad gauge</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad" gauge`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A wider distance between the rails than the "standard" gauge of four feet eight inches and a half. See <er>Gauge</er>.</def>

<h1>Broad-horned</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad"-horned`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having horns spreading widely.</def>

<h1>Broadish</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rather broad; moderately broad.</def>

<h1>Broadleaf</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad"leaf`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree (<spn>Terminalia latifolia</spn>) of Jamaica, the wood of which is used for boards, scantling, shingles, etc; -- sometimes called the <i>almond tree</i>, from the shape of its fruit.</def>

<h1>Broad-leaved, Broad-leafed</h1>
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<hw><hw>Broad"-leaved`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Broad"-leafed`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having broad, or relatively broad, leaves.</def>

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Broadly</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a broad manner.</def>

<h1>Broadmouth</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad"mouth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the <i>Eurylaimid\'91</i>, a family of East Indian passerine birds.</def>

<h1>Broadness</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>br\'bednes</ets>.]</ety> <def>The condition or quality of being broad; breadth; coarseness; grossness.</def>

<h1>Broadpiece</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad"piece`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An old English gold coin, broader than a guinea, as a Carolus or Jacobus.</def>

<h1>Broad seal</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad" seal`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The great seal of England; the public seal of a country or state.</def>

<h1>Broadseal</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad"seal`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To stamp with the broad seal; to make sure; to guarantee or warrant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thy presence <b>broadseals</b> our delights for pure.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Broadside</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad"side`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The side of a ship above the water line, from the bow to the quarter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A discharge of or from all the guns on one side of a ship, at the same time.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A volley of abuse or denunciation.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A sheet of paper containing one large page, or printed on one side only; -- called also <altname>broadsheet</altname>.</def>

<h1>Broadspread</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad"spread`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Widespread.</def>

<h1>Broadspreading</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad"spread`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Spreading widely.</def>

<h1>Broadsword</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad"sword`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sword with a broad blade and a cutting edge; a claymore.</def>

<blockquote>I heard the <b>broadsword's</b> deadly clang.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Broadwise</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broad"wise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Breadthwise.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Brob</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Brob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gael. <ets>brog</ets>, E. <ets>brog</ets>, n.]</ety> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A peculiar brad-shaped spike, to be driven alongside the end of an abutting timber to prevent its slipping.</def>

<h1>Brobdingnagian</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Brob`ding*nag"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Brobdingnag</ets>, a country of giants in "Gulliver's Travels."]</ety> <def>Colossal' of extraordinary height; gigantic.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A giant.</def></def2> <altsp>[Spelt often <asp>Brobdignagian</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Brocade</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Bro*cade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>brocado</ets> (cf. It. <ets>broccato</ets>, F. <ets>brocart</ets>), fr. LL. <ets>brocare</ets> *prick, to figure (textile fabrics), to emboss (linen), to stitch. See <er>Broach</er>.]</ety> <def>Silk stuff, woven with gold and silver threads, or ornamented with raised flowers, foliage, etc.; -- also applied to other stuffs thus wrought and enriched.</def>

<blockquote>A gala suit of faded <b>brocade</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brocaded</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Bro*cad"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Woven or worked, as brocade, with gold and silver, or with raised flowers, etc.</def>

<blockquote><b>Brocaded</b> flowers o'er the gay mantua shine.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dressed in brocade.</def>

<h1>Brocage</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Bro"cage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Brokkerage</er>.</def>

<h1>Brocard</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broc"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. fr. <ets>Brocardica</ets>, <ets>Brocardicorum</ets> opus, a collection of ecclesiastical canons by <ets>Burkhard</ets>, Bishop of Worms, called, by the Italians and French, <ets>Brocard</ets>.]</ety> <def>An elementary principle or maximum; a short, proverbial rule, in law, ethics, or metaphysics.</def>

<blockquote>The legal <b>brocard</b>, "Falsus in uno, falsus in omnibus," is a rule not more applicable to other witness than to consciousness.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brocatel</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Bro"ca*tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brocatelle</ets>, fr. It. <ets>brocatello</ets>: cf. Sp. <ets>brocatel</ets>. See <er>Brocade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of coarse brocade, or figured fabric, used chiefly for tapestry, linings for carriages, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A marble, clouded and veined with white, gray, yellow, and red, in which the yellow usually prevails. It is also called <i>Siena marble</i>, from its locality.</def>

<h1>Brocatello</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Bro`ca*tel"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Brocatel</er>.</def>

<h1>Broccoli</h1>
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<hw>Broc"co*li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>broccoli</ets>, pl. of <ets>broccolo</ets> sprout, cabbage sprout, dim. of <ets>brocco</ets> splinter. See <er>Broach</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the Cabbage species (<spn>Brassica oleracea</spn>) of many varieties, resembling the cauliflower. The "curd," or flowering head, is the part used for food.</def>

<h1>Brochantite</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broch"an*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Brochant</ets> de Villiers, a French mineralogist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A basic sulphate of copper, occurring in emerald-green crystals.</def>

<h1>Broch\'82</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Bro`ch\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Woven with a figure; <as>as, <ex>broch\'82</ex> goods</as>.</def>

<h1>Broche</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broche</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Broach</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Brochure</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Bro*chure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>brocher</ets> to stitch. See <er>Broach</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A printed and stitched book containing only a few leaves; a pamphlet.</def>

<h1>Brock</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Brock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>broc</ets>, fr. W. <ets>broch</ets>; akin to Ir. & Gael. <ets>broc</ets>, Corn. & Armor. <ets>broch</ets>; cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>breac</ets> speckled.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A badger.</def>

<blockquote>Or with pretense of chasing thence the <b>brock</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brock</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Brock</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Brocket</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A brocket.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Brocker</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Brock"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>broket</ets>, F. <ets>broquart</ets> fallow deer a year old, fr. the same root as E. <ets>broach</ets>, meaning point (hence tine of a horn).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A male red deer two years old; -- sometimes called <altname>brock</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small South American deer, of several species (<spn>Coassus superciliaris</spn>, <spn>C. rufus</spn>, and <spn>C. auritus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Brockish</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Brock"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Beastly; brutal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Brodekin</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Brode"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brodequin</ets>, OE. <ets>brossequin</ets>, fr. OD. <ets>broseken</ets>, <ets>brosekin</ets>, dim. of <ets>broos</ets> buskin, prob. fr. LL. <ets>byrsa</ets> leather, Gr. <?/ skin, hide. Cf. <er>Buskin</er>.]</ety> <def>A buskin or half-boot.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>brodequin</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Brog</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Brog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. Cf. <er>Brob</er>.]</ety> <def>A pointed instrument, as a joiner's awl, a brad awl, a needle, or a small ship stick.</def>

<h1>Brog</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Brog</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To prod with a pointed instrument, as a lance; also, to broggle.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Brogan</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Bro"gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stout, coarse shoe; a brogue.</def>

<h1>Broggle</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Brog"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of Prov. E. <ets>brog</ets> to broggle. Cf. <er>Brog</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To sniggle, or fish with a brog.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Brogue</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Brogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. & Gael. <ets>brog</ets> shoe, hoof.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A stout, coarse shoe; a brogan.</def>

<note>&hand; In the Highlands of Scotland, the ancient brogue was made of horsehide or deerskin, untanned or tenned with the hair on, gathered round the ankle with a thong. The name was afterward given to any shoe worn as a part of the Highland costume.</note>

<cs><col>Clouted brogues</col>, <cd>patched brogues; also, brogues studded with nails. See under <er>Clout</er>, <i>v. t.<i></cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dialectic pronunciation; esp. the Irish manner of pronouncing English.</def>

<blockquote>Or take, Hibernis, thy still ranker <b>brogue</b>.
<i>Lloyd.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brogues</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Brogues</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Breeches</er>.]</ety> <def>Breeches.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<h1>Broid</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To braid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Broider</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broid"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Broidered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>broiden</ets>, <ets>brouden</ets>, F. <ets>broder</ets>, confused with E. <ets>braid</ets>; F. <ets>broder</ets> is either the same word as <ets>border</ets> to border (see <er>Border</er>), or perh. of Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets>brathu</ets> to sting, stab, Ir. & Gael. <ets>brod</ets> goad, prickle, OE. <ets>brod</ets> a goad; and also Icel. <ets>broddr</ets> a spike, a sting, AS. <ets>brord</ets> a point.]</ety> <def>To embroider.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>They shall make a <b>broidered</b> coat.
<i>Ex. xxviii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Broiderer</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broid"er*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who embroiders.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Broidery</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broid"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Embroidery.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The golden <b>broidery</b> tender Milkah wove.
<i>Tickell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Broil</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brouiller</ets> to disorder, from LL. <ets>brogilus</ets>, <ets>broilus</ets>, <ets>brolium</ets>, thicket, wood, park; of uncertain origin; cf. W. <ets>brog</ets> a swelling out, OHG. <ets>pr\'d3il</ets> marsh, G. <ets>br\'81hl</ets>, MHG. <ets>brogen</ets> to rise. The meaning <ets>tumult</ets>, <ets>confusion</ets>, comes apparently from <ets>tangled undergrowth</ets>, <ets>thicket</ets>, and this possibly from the meaning <ets>to grow</ets>, <ets>rise</ets>, <ets>sprout</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tumult; a noisy quarrel; a disturbance; a brawl; contention; discord, either between individuals or in the state.</def>

<blockquote>I will own that there is a haughtiness and fierceness in human nature which will which will cause innumerable <b>broils</b>, place men in what situation you please.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Contention; fray; affray; tumult; altercation; dissension; discord; contest; conflict; brawl; uproar.</syn>

<h1>Broil</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broil</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Broiled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Broiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>broilen</ets>, OF. <ets>bruillir</ets>, fr. <ets>bruir</ets> to broil, burn; of Ger. origin; cf. MHG. <ets>br\'81ejen</ets>, G. <ets>br\'81hen</ets>, to scald, akin to E. <ets>brood</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cook by direct exposure to heat over a fire, esp. upon a gridiron over coals.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To subject to great (commonly direct) heat.</def>

<h1>Broil</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broil</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be subjected to the action of heat, as meat over the fire; to be greatly heated, or to be made uncomfortable with heat.</def>

<blockquote>The planets and comets had been <b>broiling</b> in the sun.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Broiler</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broil"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who excites broils; one who engages in or promotes noisy quarrels.</def>

<blockquote>What doth he but turn <b>broiler</b>, . . . make new libels against the church?
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Broiler</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broil"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who broils, or cooks by broiling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gridiron or other utensil used in broiling.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A chicken or other bird fit for broiling.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Broiling</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broil"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excessively hot; <as>as, a <ex>broiling</ex> sun</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>The act of causing anything to broil.</def></def2>

<h1>Brokage</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Bro"kage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Brokerage</er>.</def>

<h1>Broke</h1>
<Xpage=183>

<hw>Broke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Broker</er>, and cf. <er>Brook</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To transact business for another.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Brome.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act as procurer in love matters; to pimp.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We do want a certain necessary woman to <b>broke</b> between them, Cupid said.
<i>Fanshawe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And <b>brokes</b> with all that can in such a suit
Corrupt the tender honor of a maid.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="184">
Page 184<p>

<h1>Broke</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Broke</hw> <tt>(br&omac;k)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Break</er>.</def>

<h1>Broken</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"ken</hw> <tt>(br&omac;"k'n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Break</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Separated into parts or pieces by violence; divided into fragments; <as>as, a <ex>broken</ex> chain or rope; a <ex>broken</ex> dish.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disconnected; not continuous; also, rough; uneven; <as>as, a <ex>broken</ex> surface</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fractured; cracked; disunited; sundered; strained; apart; <as>as, a <ex>broken</ex> reed; <ex>broken</ex> friendship.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Made infirm or weak, by disease, age, or hardships.</def>

<blockquote>The one being who remembered him as he been before his mind was <b>broken</b>.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>broken</b> soldier, kindly bade to stay,
Sat by his fire, and talked the night away.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Subdued; humbled; contrite.</def>

<blockquote>The sacrifices of God are a <b>broken</b> spirit.
<i>Ps. li. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Subjugated; trained for use, as a horse.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Crushed and ruined as by something that destroys hope; blighted.</def> "Her <i>broken</i> love and life."

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Not carried into effect; not adhered to; violated; <as>as, a <ex>broken</ex> promise, vow, or contract; a <ex>broken</ex> law.</as></def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Ruined financially; incapable of redeeming promises made, or of paying debts incurred; <as>as, a <ex>broken</ex> bank; a <ex>broken</ex> tradesman.</as></def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Imperfectly spoken, as by a foreigner; <as>as, <ex>broken</ex> English</as>; imperfectly spoken on account of emotion; <as>as, to say a few <ex>broken</ex> words at parting</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Amidst the <b>broken</b> words and loud weeping of those grave senators.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Broken ground</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> Rough or uneven ground; as, the troops were retarded in their advance by <i>broken ground<i>. <sd>(b)</sd> Ground recently opened with the plow.</cd> -- <col>Broken line</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the straight lines which join a number of given points taken in some specified order.</cd> -- <col>Broken meat</col>, <cd>fragments of meat or other food.</cd> -- <col>Broken number</col>, <cd>a fraction.</cd> -- <col>Broken weather</col>, <cd>unsettled weather.</cd></cs>

<h1>Broken-backed</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"ken-backed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a broken back; <as>as, a <ex>broken-backed</ex> chair</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Hogged; so weakened in the frame as to droop at each end; -- said of a ship.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Broken-bellied</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"ken-bel`lied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a ruptured belly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Broken-hearted</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"ken-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the spirits depressed or crushed by grief or despair.</def>

<blockquote>She left her husband almost <b>broken-hearted</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Disconsolable; heart-broken; inconsolable; comfortless; woe-begone; forlorn.</syn>

<h1>Brokenly</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"ken*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a broken, interrupted manner; in a broken state; in broken language.</def>

<blockquote>The pagans worship God . . . as it were <b>brokenly</b> and by piecemeal.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brokenness</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"ken*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being broken; unevenness.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contrition; <as>as, <ex>brokenness</ex> of heart</as>.</def>

<h1>Broken wind</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"ken wind`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>The heaves.</def>

<h1>Broken-winded</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"ken-wind`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>Having short breath or disordered respiration, as a horse.</def>

<h1>Broker</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"ker</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brocour</ets>, from a word akin to <ets>broken</ets>, <ets>bruken</ets>, to use, enjoy, possess, digest, fr. AS. <ets>br<?/can</ets> to use, enjoy; cf. Fries. <ets>broker</ets>, F. <ets>brocanteur</ets>. See <er>Brook</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who transacts business for another; an agent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An agent employed to effect bargains and contracts, as a middleman or negotiator, between other persons, for a compensation commonly called <i>brokerage</i>. He takes no possession, as broker, of the subject matter of the negotiation. He generally contracts in the names of those who employ him, and not in his own.</def>

<i>Story.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A dealer in money, notes, bills of exchange, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A dealer in secondhand goods.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A pimp or procurer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Bill broker</col>, <cd>one who buys and sells notes and bills of exchange.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Curbstone broker</col> or <col>Street broker</col>, <cd>an operator in stocks (not a member of the Stock Exchange) who executes orders by running from office to office, or by transactions on the street.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Exchange broker</col>, <cd>one who buys and sells uncurrent money, and deals in exchanges relating to money.</cd> -- <col>Insurance broker</col>, <cd>one who is agent in procuring insurance on vessels, or against fire.</cd> -- <col>Pawn broker</col>. <cd>See <er>Pawnbroker</er>.</cd> -- <col>Real estate broker</col>, <cd>one who buys and sells lands, and negotiates loans, etc., upon mortgage.</cd> -- <col>Ship broker</col>, <cd>one who acts as agent in buying and selling ships, procuring freight, etc.</cd> -- <col>Stock broker</col>. <cd>See <er>Stockbroker</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brokerage</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"ker*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The business or employment of a broker.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fee, reward, or commission, given or changed for transacting business as a broker.</def>

<h1>Brokerly</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"ker*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mean; servile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Brokery</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"ker*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The business of a broker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And with extorting, cozening, forfeiting,
And tricks belonging unto <b>brokery</b>.
<i>Marlowe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Broking</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"king</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a broker or brokers, or to brokerage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Redeem from <b>broking</b> pawn the blemished crown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Broma</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ food, <?/ to eat.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Aliment; food.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A light form of prepared cocoa (or cacao), or the drink made from it.</def>

<h1>Bromal</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Brom</ets>ine + <ets>al</ets>dehyde.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oily, colorless fluid, CBr<?/.COH, related to bromoform, as chloral is to chloroform, and obtained by the action of bromine on alcohol.</def>

<h1>Bromate</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of bromic acid.</def>

<h1>Bromate</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To combine or impregnate with bromine; <as>as, <ex>bromated</ex> camphor</as>.</def>

<h1>Bromatologist</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro`ma*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in the science of foods.</def>

<h1>Bromatology</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro`ma*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, food + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of aliments.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Brome</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Brome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bromine</er>.</def>

<h1>Brome grass</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Brome" grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>bromos</ets> a kind of oats, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus <fld>(Bromus)</fld> of grasses, one species of which is the chess or cheat.</def>

<h1>Bromeliaceous</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro*me`li*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Named after Olaf <ets>Bromel</ets>, a Swedish botanist.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a family of endogenous and mostly epiphytic or saxicolous plants of which the genera <spn>Tillandsia</spn> and <spn>Billbergia</spn> are examples. The pineapple, though terrestrial, is also of this family.</def>

<h1>Bromic</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, bromine; -- said of those compounds of bromine in which this element has a valence of five, or the next to its highest; <as>as, <ex>bromic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Bromide</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"mide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of bromine with a positive radical.</def>

<h1>Brominate</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Bromate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Bromine</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bad smell, stink. Cf. <er>Brome</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the elements, related in its chemical qualities to chlorine and iodine. Atomic weight 79.8.  Symbol Br.  It is a deep reddish brown liquid of a very disagreeable odor, emitting a brownish vapor at the ordinary temperature. In combination it is found in minute quantities in sea water, and in many saline springs. It occurs also in the mineral bromyrite.</def>

<h1>Bromism</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"mism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A diseased condition produced by the excessive use of bromine or one of its compounds. It is characterized by mental dullness and muscular weakness.</def>

<h1>Bromize</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"mize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>To prepare or treat with bromine; <as>as, to <ex>bromize</ex> a silvered plate</as>.</def>

<h1>Bromlife</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Brom"life</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Bromley</ets> Hill, near Alston, Cumberland, England.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A carbonate of baryta and lime, intermediate between witherite and strontianite; -- called also <altname>alstonite</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bromoform</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bro"mo*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Brom</ets>ine + <ets>form</ets>yl.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless liquid, <chform>CHBr3</chform>, having an agreeable odor and sweetish taste. It is produced by the simultaneous action of bromine and caustic potash upon wood spirit, alcohol, or acetone, as also by certain other reactions. In composition it is the same as chloroform, with the substitution of bromine for chlorine. It is somewhat similar to chloroform in its effects.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Brompicrin</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Brom*pi"crin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>brompikrin</ets>; <ets>brom</ets> bromine + <ets>pikrin</ets>s\'84ure picric acid.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A pungent colorless explosive liquid, <chform>CNO2Br3</chform>, analogous to and resembling chlorpicrin.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>brompikrin</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bromuret</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Brom"u*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bromide</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bromyrite</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Brom"y*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bromine</ets> + Gr. <?/ silver.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Silver bromide, a rare mineral; -- called also <altname>bromargyrite</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bronchi</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bron"chi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bronchus</er>.</def>

<h1>Bronchia</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bron"chi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. , <ets>pl</ets>. Cf. <er>Bronchus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bronchial tubes which arise from the branching of the trachea, esp. the subdivision of the bronchi.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Bronchial</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bron"chi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bronchial</ets>. See <er>Bronchia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the bronchi and their ramifications in the lungs.</def>

<cs><col>Bronchial arteries</col>, <cd>branches of the descending aorta, accompanying the bronchia in all their ramifications.</cd> -- <col>Bronchial cells</col>, <cd>the air cells terminating the bronchia.</cd> -- <col>Bronchial glands</col>, <cd>glands whose functions are unknown, seated along the bronchia.</cd> -- <col>Bronchial membrane</col>, <cd>the mucous membrane lining the bronchia.</cd> -- <col>Bronchial tube</col>, <cd>the bronchi, or the bronchia.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bronchic</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bron"chic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Bronchial.</def>

<h1>Bronchiole</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bron"chi*ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A minute bronchial tube.</def>

<h1>Bronchitic</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bron*chit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to bronchitis; <as>as, <ex>bronchitic</ex> inflammation</as>.</def>

<h1>Bronchitis</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bron*chi"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bronchus</ets> + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation, acute or chronic, of the bronchial tubes or any part of them.</def>

<h1>Broncho</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bron"cho</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>bronco</ets> rough, wild.]</ety> <def>A native or a Mexican horse of small size.</def> <mark>[Western U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Bronchocele</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bron"cho*cele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ windpipe + <?/ tumor.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Goiter</er>.</def>

<h1>Bronchophony</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bron*choph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ windpipe + <?/ sound.]</ety> <def>A modification of the voice sounds, by which they are intensified and heightened in pitch; -- observed in auscultation of the chest in certain cases of intro-thoracic disease.</def>

<h1>Broncho-pneumonia</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bron`cho-pneu*mo"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bronchus</ets> + <ets>pneumonia</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the bronchi and lungs; catarrhal pneumonia.</def>

<h1>Bronchotome</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bron"cho*tome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ windpipe + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument for cutting into the bronchial tubes.</def>

<h1>Bronchotomy</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bron*chot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An incision into the windpipe or larynx, including the operations of <i>tracheotomy</i> and <i>laryngotomy</i>.</def>

<h1>Bronchus</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bron"chus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bronchi</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ windpipe. Cf. <er>Bronchia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the subdivisions of the trachea or windpipe; esp. one of the two primary divisions.</def>

<h1>Bronco</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bron"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Broncho</er>.</def>

<h1>Brond</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Brond</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Brand</er>.]</ety> <def>A sword.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Brontolite, Brontolith</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw><hw>Bron"to*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bron"to*lith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-lite</ets>, <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <def>An a\'89rolite.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Brontology</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bron*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thunder + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise upon thunder.</def>

<h1>Brontosaurus</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bron`to*sau"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ thunder + <?/ lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of American jurassic dinosaurs. A length of sixty feet is believed to have been attained by these reptiles.</def>

<h1>Brontotherium</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bron`to*the"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ thunder + <?/ beast.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of large extinct mammals from the miocene strata of western North America. They were allied to the rhinoceros, but the skull bears a pair of powerful horn cores in front of the orbits, and the fore feet were four-toed. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Brontozoum</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bron`to*zo"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ thunder + <?/ animal.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct animal of large size, known from its three-toed footprints in Mesozoic sandstone.</def>

<note>&hand; The tracks made by these reptiles are found eighteen inches in length, and were formerly referred to gigantic birds; but the discovery of large bipedal three-toed dinosaurs has suggested that they were made by those reptiles.</note>

<h1>Bronze</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bronze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bronze</ets>, fr. It. <ets>bronzo</ets> brown, fr. OHG. <ets>br<?/n</ets>, G. <ets>braun</ets>. See <er>Brown</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An alloy of copper and tin, to which small proportions of other metals, especially zinc, are sometimes added. It is hard and sonorous, and is used for statues, bells, cannon, etc., the proportions of the ingredients being varied to suit the particular purposes. The varieties containing the higher proportions of tin are brittle, as in bell metal and speculum metal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A statue, bust, etc., cast in bronze.</def>

<blockquote>A print, a <b>bronze</b>, a flower, a root.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A yellowish or reddish brown, the color of bronze; also, a pigment or powder for imitating bronze.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Boldness; impudence; "brass."</def>

<blockquote>Imbrowned with native <b>bronze</b>, lo! Henley stands.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Aluminium bronze</col>. <cd>See under <er>Aluminium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bronze age</col>, <cd>an age of the world which followed the stone age, and was characterized by the use of implements and ornaments of copper or bronze.</cd> -- <col>Bronze powder</col>, <cd>a metallic powder, used with size or in combination with painting, to give the appearance of bronze, gold, or other metal, to any surface.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Phosphor bronze</col> &and; <col>Silicious</col> &or; <col>Silicium bronze</col></mcol> <cd>are made by adding phosphorus and silicon respectively to ordinary bronze, and are characterized by great tenacity.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bronze</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bronze</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bronzed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bronzing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bronzer</ets>. See <er>Bronze</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give an appearance of bronze to, by a coating of bronze powder, or by other means; to make of the color of bronze; <as>as, to <ex>bronze</ex> plaster casts; to <ex>bronze</ex> coins or medals.</as></def>

<blockquote>The tall <b>bronzed</b> black-eyed stranger.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make hard or unfeeling; to brazen.</def>

<blockquote>The lawer who <b>bronzes</b> his bosom instead of his forehead.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bronzed skin disease</col>. <cd><fld>(Pathol.)</fld> See <er>Addison's disease</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bronzewing</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bronze"wing`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Australian pigeon of the genus <spn>Phaps</spn>, of several species; -- so called from its bronze plumage.</def>

<h1>Bronzine</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bronz"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A metal so prepared as to have the appearance of bronze.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def> Made of bronzine; resembling bronze; bronzelike.</def></def2>

<h1>Bronzing</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bronz"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or art of communicating to articles in metal, wood, clay, plaster, etc., the appearance of bronze by means of bronze powders, or imitative painting, or by chemical processes.</def>

<i>Tomlinson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A material for bronzing.</def>

<h1>Bronzist</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bronz"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes, imitates, collects, or deals in, bronzes.</def>

<h1>Bronzite</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bronz"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bronzite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of enstatite, often having a bronzelike luster. It is a silicate of magnesia and iron, of the pyroxene family.</def>

<h1>Bronzy</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Bronz"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like bronze.</def>

<h1>Brooch</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Brooch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Broach</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ornament, in various forms, with a tongue, pin, or loop for attaching it to a garment; now worn at the breast by women; a breastpin. Formerly worn by men on the hat.</def>

<blockquote>Honor 's a good <b>brooch</b> to wear in a man's hat.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>A painting all of one color, as a sepia painting, or an India painting.</def>

<h1>Brooch</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Brooch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brooched</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</ety> <def>To adorn as with a brooch.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Brood</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Brood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brod</ets>, AS. <ets>br\'d3d</ets>; akin to D. <ets>broed</ets>, OHG. <ets>bruot</ets>, G. <ets>brut</ets>, and also to G. <ets>br\'81he</ets> broth, MHG. <ets>br\'81eje</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>brawn</ets>, <ets>breath</ets>. Cf. <er>Breed</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The young birds hatched at one time; a hatch; <as>as, a <ex>brood</ex> of chicken</as>.</def>

<blockquote>As a hen doth gather her <b>brood</b> under her wings.
<i>Luke xiii. 34.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A hen followed by a <b>brood</b> of ducks.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The young from the same dam, whether produced at the same time or not; young children of the same mother, especially if nearly of the same age; offspring; progeny; <as>as, a woman with a <ex>brood</ex> of children</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The lion roars and gluts his tawny <b>brood</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is bred or produced; breed; species.</def>

<blockquote>Flocks of the airy <b>brood</b>,
(Cranes, geese or long-necked swans).
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Heavy waste in tin and copper ores.</def>

<cs><col>To sit on brood</col>, <cd>to ponder. <mark>[Poetic]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Brood</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Brood</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sitting or inclined to sit on eggs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Kept for breeding from; <as>as, a <ex>brood</ex> mare; <i>brood</i> stock</as>; having young; <as>as, a <ex>brood</ex> sow</as>.</def>

<h1>Brood</h1>
<Xpage=184>

<hw>Brood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brooded</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Brooding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sit on and cover eggs, as a fowl, for the purpose of warming them and hatching the young; or to sit over and cover young, as a hen her chickens, in order to warm and protect them; hence, to sit quietly, as if brooding.</def>

<blockquote>Birds of calm sir <b>brooding</b> on the charmed wave.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have the mind dwell continuously or moodily on a subject; to think long and anxiously; to be in a state of gloomy, serious thought; -- usually followed by <i>over</i> or <i>on</i>; <as>as, to <ex>brood</ex> over misfortunes</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Brooding</b> on unprofitable gold.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Brooding</b> over all these matters, the mother felt like one who has evoked a spirit.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When with downcast eyes we muse and <b>brood</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="185">
Page 185<p>

<h1>Brood</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Brood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sit over, cover, and cherish; <as>as, a hen <ex>broods</ex> her chickens</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cherish with care.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To think anxiously or moodily upon.</def>

<blockquote>You'll sit and <b>brood</b> your sorrows on a throne.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Broody</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Brood"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclined to brood.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Brook</h1>
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<hw>Brook</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brok</ets>, <ets>broke</ets>, <ets>brook</ets>, AS. <ets>br\'d3c</ets>; akin to D. <ets>broek</ets>, LG. <ets>br\'d3k</ets>, marshy ground, OHG. <ets>pruoh</ets>, G. <ets>bruch</ets> marsh; prob. fr. the root of E. <ets>break</ets>, so as that it signifies water breaking through the earth, a spring or brook, as well as a marsh. See <er>Break</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A natural stream of water smaller than a river or creek.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of <b>brooks</b> of water.
<i>Deut. viii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Empires itself, as doth an inland <b>brook</b>
Into the main of waters.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brook</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Brook</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brooked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Brooking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>broken</ets>, <ets>bruken</ets>, to use, enjoy, digest, AS. <ets>br<?/can</ets>; akin to D. <ets>gebruiken</ets> to use, OHG. <ets>pr<?/hhan</ets>, G. <ets>brauchen</ets>, <ets>gebrauchen</ets>, Icel. <ets>br<?/ka</ets>, Goth. <ets>br<?/kjan</ets>, and L. <ets>frui</ets>, to enjoy. Cf. <er>Fruit</er>, <er>Broker</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To use; to enjoy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bear; to endure; to put up with; to tolerate; <as>as, young men can not <ex>brook</ex> restraint</as>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Shall we, who could not <b>brook</b> one lord,
Crouch to the wicked ten?
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deserve; to earn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir J. Hawkins.</i>

<h1>Brookite</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Brook"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from the English mineralogist, H.J.<ets>Brooke</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral consisting of titanic oxide, and hence identical with rutile and octahedrite in composition, but crystallizing in the orthorhombic system.</def>

<h1>Brooklet</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Brook"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small brook.</def>

<h1>Brooklime</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Brook"lime`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Veronica Beccabunga</spn>), with flowers, usually blue, in axillary racemes. The American species is <spn>V. Americana</spn>.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written <i>broklempe</i> or <i>broklympe</i>.]</altsp>

<h1>Brook mint</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Brook" mint`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Water mint</er>.</def>

<h1>Brookside</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Brook"side`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The bank of a brook.</def>

<h1>Brookweed</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Brook"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small white-flowered herb (<spn>Samolus Valerandi</spn>) found usually in wet places; water pimpernel.</def>

<h1>Broom</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Broom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brom</ets>, <ets>brome</ets>, AS. <ets>br\'d3m</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>bram</ets>, D. <ets>brem</ets>, OHG. <ets>br\'bemo</ets> broom, thorn<?/bush, G. <ets>brombeere</ets> blackberry. Cf. <er>Bramble</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant having twigs suitable for making brooms to sweep with when bound together; esp., the <spn>Cytisus scoparius</spn> of Western Europe, which is a low shrub with long, straight, green, angular branches, mintue leaves, and large yellow flowers.</def>

<blockquote>No gypsy cowered o'er fires of furze and <b>broom</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An implement for sweeping floors, etc., commonly made of the panicles or tops of broom corn, bound together or attached to a long wooden handle; -- so called because originally made of the twigs of the broom.</def>

<cs><col>Butcher's broom</col>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Ruscus aculeatus</spn>) of the Smilax family, used by butchers for brooms to sweep their blocks; -- called also <altname>knee holly</altname>. See <er>Cladophyll</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dyer's broom</col>, <cd>a species of mignonette (<spn>Reseda luteola</spn>), used for dyeing yellow; dyer's weed; dyer's rocket.</cd> -- <col>Spanish broom</col>. <cd>See under <er>Spanish</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Broom</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Broom</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bream</er>.</def>

<h1>Broom corn</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Broom" corn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A variety of <spn>Sorghum vulgare</spn>, having a joined stem, like maize, rising to the height of eight or ten feet, and bearing its seeds on a panicle with long branches, of which brooms are made.</def>

<h1>Broom rape</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Broom" rape`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus (<spn>Orobanche</spn>) of parasitic plants of Europe and Asia. They are destitute of chlorophyll, have scales instead of leaves, and spiked flowers, and grow attached to the roots of other plants, as furze, clover, flax, wild carrot, etc. The name is sometimes applied to other plants related to this genus, as <spn>Aphyllon uniflorum</spn>and <spn>A. Ludovicianum</spn>.</def>

<h1>Broomstaff</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Broom"staff`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A broomstick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Broomstick</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Broom"stick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stick used as a handle of a broom.</def>

<h1>Broomy</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Broom"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to broom; overgrowing with broom; resembling broom or a broom.</def>

<blockquote>If land grow mossy or <b>broomy</b>.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brose</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Brose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[CF. Gael. <ets>brothas</ets>. Cf. <er>Brewis</er>, <er>Broth</er>.]</ety> <def>Pottage made by pouring some boiling liquid on meal (esp. oatmeal), and stirring it. It is called beef <i>brose</i>, water <i>brose</i>, etc., according to the name of the liquid (beef broth, hot water, etc.) used.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Brotel</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Brot"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Brittle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Brotelness</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Brot"el*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Brittleness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Broth</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Broth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bro<?/</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>brod</ets>, <ets>brot</ets>; cf. Ir. <ets>broth</ets>, Gael. <ets>brot</ets>. \'fb93. Cf. <er>Brewis</er>, <er>Brew</er>.]</ety> <def>Liquid in which flesh (and sometimes other substances, as barley or rice) has been boiled; thin or simple soup.</def>

<blockquote>I am sure by your unprejudiced discourses that you love <b>broth</b> better than soup.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brothel</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Broth"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brothel</ets>, <ets>brodel</ets>, <ets>brethel</ets>, a prostitute, a worthless fellow, fr. AS. <ets>ber\'a2<?/an</ets> to ruin, destroy; cf. AS. <ets>bre\'a2tan</ets> to break, and E. <ets>brittle</ets>. The term <ets>brothel house</ets> was confused with <ets>bordel</ets> brothel. CF. <er>Bordel</er>.]</ety> <def>A house of lewdness or ill fame; a house frequented by prostitutes; a bawdyhouse.</def>

<h1>Brotheler</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Broth"el*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who frequents brothels.</def>

<h1>Brothelry</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Broth"el*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Lewdness; obscenity; a brothel.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Brother</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Broth"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Brothers</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> or <plw>Brethren</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. See <er>Brethren</plw>.</er> <ety>[OE. <ets>brother</ets>, AS. <ets>br\'d3<?/or</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>brothar</ets>, D. <ets>broeder</ets>, OHG. <ets>pruodar</ets>, G. <ets>bruder</ets>, Icel. <ets>br\'d3<?/ir</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>broder</ets>, Goth. <ets>br\'d3<?/ar</ets>, Ir. <ets>brathair</ets>, W. <ets>brawd</ets>, pl. <ets>brodyr</ets>, Lith. <ets>brolis</ets>, Lett. <ets>brahlis</ets>, Russ. <ets>brat'</ets>, Pol. & Serv. <ets>brat</ets>, OSlav. <ets>brat<?/</ets>, L. <ets>frater</ets>, Skr. <ets>bhr\'bet<?/</ets>, Zend. <ets>bratar</ets> brother, Gr. <?/, <?/, a clansman. The common plural is <er>Brothers</er>; in the solemn style, <er>Brethren</er>, OE. pl. <ets>brether</ets>, <ets>bretheren</ets>, AS. dat. sing. <ets>br\'c7<?/er</ets>, nom. pl. <ets>br\'d3<?/or</ets>, <ets>br\'d3<?/ru</ets>. &root;258. Cf. <er>Frair</er>, <er>Fraternal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A male person who has the same father and mother with another person, or who has one of them only. In the latter case he is more definitely called a <i>half brother</i>, or <i>brother of the half blood</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Two of us in the churchyard lie,
My sister and my <b>brother</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One related or closely united to another by some common tie or interest, as of rank, profession, membership in a society, toil, suffering, etc.; -- used among judges, clergymen, monks, physicians, lawers, professors of religion, etc.</def> "A <i>brother</i> of your order."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>We few, we happy few, we band of <b>brothers</b>,
For he to-day that sheds his blood with me
Shall be my <b>brother</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who, or that which, resembles another in distinctive qualities or traits of character.</def>

<blockquote>He also that is slothful in his work is <b>brother</b> to him that is a great waster.
<i>Prov. xviii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That April morn
Of this the very <b>brother</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In Scripture, the term <i>brother</i> is applied to a kinsman by blood more remote than a son of the same parents, as in the case of Abraham and Lot, Jacob and Laban. In a more general sense, <i>brother</i> or <i>brethren</i> is used for <i>fellow-man</i> or <i>fellow-men</i>.</note>

<blockquote>For of whom such massacre
Make they but of their <b>brethren</b>, men of men?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Brother Jonathan</col>, <cd>a humorous designation for the people of the United States collectively.  The phrase is said to have originated from Washington's referring to the patriotic Jonathan Trumbull, governor of Connecticut, as "Brother Jonathan."</cd> -- <col>Blood brother</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blood</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brother</h1>
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<hw>Broth"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brothered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a brother of; to call or treat as a brother; to admit to a brotherhood.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Brother german</h1>
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<hw>Broth"er ger"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A brother by both the father's and mother's side, in contradistinction to a <i>uterine brother</i>, one by the mother only.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Brotherhood</h1>
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<hw>Broth"er*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Brother</ets> + <ets>-hood</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being brothers or a brother.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An association for any purpose, as a society of monks; a fraternity.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The whole body of persons engaged in the same business, -- especially those of the same profession; <as>as, the legal or medical <ex>brotherhood</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Persons, and, poetically, things, of a like kind.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>brotherhood</b> of venerable trees.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Fraternity; association; fellowship; sodality.</syn>

<h1>Brother-in-law</h1>
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<hw>Broth"er-in-law`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Brothers-in</plw><plw>-law</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The brother of one's husband or wife; also, the husband of one's sister; sometimes, the husband of one's wife's sister.</def>

<h1>Brotherliness</h1>
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<hw>Broth"er*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being brotherly.</def>

<h1>Brotherly</h1>
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<hw>Broth"er*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to brothers; such as is natural for brothers; becoming to brothers; kind; affectionate; <as>as, <ex>brotherly</ex> love</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Fraternal; kind; affectionate; tender.</syn>

<h1>Brotherly</h1>
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<hw>Broth"er*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Like a brother; affectionately; kindly.</def> "I speak but <i>brotherly</i> of him."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Brouded</h1>
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<hw>Broud"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p.a.</tt> <def>Braided; broidered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Alle his clothes <b>brouded</b> up and down.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brougham</h1>
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<hw>Brough"am</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A light, close carriage, with seats inside for two or four, and the fore wheels so arranged as to turn short.</def>

<h1>Brow</h1>
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<hw>Brow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>browe</ets>, <ets>bruwe</ets>, AS. <ets>br<?/</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>br<?/w</ets>, <ets>bre\'a0w</ets>, eyelid, OFries. <ets>br\'c7</ets>, D. <ets>braauw</ets>, Icel. <ets>br\'be</ets>, <ets>br<?/n</ets>, OHG. <ets>pr\'bewa</ets>, G. <ets>braue</ets>, OSlav. <ets>br<?/v<?/</ets>, Russ. <ets>brove</ets>, Ir. <ets>brai</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>abhra</ets>, Armor. <ets>abrant</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>bhr<?/</ets>. Cf. <er>Bray</er> a bank, <er>Bridge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The prominent ridge over the eye, with the hair that covers it, forming an arch above the orbit.</def>

<blockquote>And his arched <b>brow</b>, pulled o'er his eyes,
With solemn proof proclaims him wise.
<i>Churchill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The hair that covers the brow (ridge over the eyes); the eyebrow.</def>

<blockquote>'T is not your inky <b>brows</b>, your brack silk hair.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The forehead; <as>as, a feverish <ex>brow</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Beads of sweat have stood upon thy <b>brow</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The general air of the countenance.</def>

<blockquote>To whom thus Satan with contemptuous <b>brow</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He told them with a masterly <b>brow</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The edge or projecting upper aprt of a steep place; <as>as, the <ex>brow</ex> of a precipice; the <ex>brow</ex> of a hill.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>To bend the brow</col>, <col>To knit the brows</col></mcol>, <cd>to frown; to scowl.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brow</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Brow</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bound to limit; to be at, or form, the edge of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Tending my flocks hard by i' the hilly crofts
That <b>brow</b> this bottom glade.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Browbeat</h1>
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<hw>Brow"beat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Browbeat</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Browbeaten</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Browbeating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To depress or bear down with haughty, stern looks, or with arrogant speech and dogmatic assertions; to abash or disconcert by impudent or abusive words or looks; to bully; <as>as, to <ex>browbeat</ex> witnesses</as>.</def>

<blockquote>My grandfather was not a man to be <b>browbeaten</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Browbeating</h1>
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<hw>Brow"beat`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of bearing down, abashing, or disconcerting, with stern looks, suspercilious manners, or confident assertions.</def>

<blockquote>The imperious <b>browbeating</b> and scorn of great men.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Browbound</h1>
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<hw>Brow"bound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Crowned; having the head encircled as with a diadem.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Browdyng</h1>
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<hw>Browd"yng</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Embroidery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Of goldsmithrye, of <b>browdying</b>, and of steel.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Browed</h1>
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<hw>Browed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having (such) a brow; -- used in composition; <as>as, dark-<ex>browed</ex>, stern-<ex>browed</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Browless</h1>
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<hw>Brow"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without shame.</def>

<i>L. Addison.</i>

<h1>Brown</h1>
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<hw>Brown</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Browner</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Brownest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>brun</ets>, <ets>broun</ets>, AS. <ets>br<?/n</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bruin</ets>, OHG. <ets>br<?/n</ets>, Icel. <ets>br<?/nn</ets>, Sw. <ets>brun</ets>, Dan. <ets>bruun</ets>, G. <ets>braun</ets>, Lith. <ets>brunas</ets>, Skr. <ets>babhru</ets>. \'fb93, 253.  Cf. <er>Bruin</er>, <er>Beaver</er>, <er>Burnish</er>, <er>Brunette</er>.]</ety> <def>Of a dark color, of various shades between black and red or yellow.</def>

<blockquote>Cheeks <b>brown</b> as the oak leaves.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Brown Bess</col>, <cd>the old regulation flintlock smoothbore musket, with bronzed barrel, formerly used in the British army.</cd> -- <col>Brown bread</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Dark colored bread; esp. a kind made of unbolted wheat flour, sometimes called in the United States <i>Graham bread</i></cd>. "He would mouth with a beggar though she smelt <i>brown bread</i> and garlic." <i>Shak</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Dark colored bread made of rye meal and Indian meal, or of wheat and rye or Indian; rye and Indian bread.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Brown coal</col>, <cd>wood coal. See <er>Lignite</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Brown hematite</col> or <col>Brown iron ore</col></mcol> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>the hydrous iron oxide, limonite, which has a brown streak. See <er>Limonite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Brown holland</col>. <cd>See under <er>Holland</er>.</cd> -- <col>Brown paper</col>, <cd>dark colored paper, esp. coarse wrapping paper, made of unbleached materials.</cd> -- <col>Brown spar</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a ferruginous variety of dolomite, in part identical with ankerite.</cd> -- <col>Brown stone</col>. <cd>See <er>Brownstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Brown stout</col>, <cd>a strong kind of proter or malt liquor.</cd> -- <col>Brown study</col>, <cd>a state of mental abstraction or serious reverie.</cd></cs>

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<h1>Brown</h1>
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<hw>Brown</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dark color inclining to red or yellow, resulting from the mixture of red and black, or of red, black, and yellow; a tawny, dusky hue.</def>

<h1>Brown</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Brown</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Browned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Browning</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make brown or dusky.</def>

<blockquote>A trembling twilight o'er welkin moves,<
qex>Browns</b> the dim void and darkens deep the groves.
<i>Barlow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make brown by scorching slightly; <as>as, to <ex>brown</ex> meat or flour</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give a bright brown color to, as to gun barrels, by forming a thin coat of oxide on their surface.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Brown</h1>
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<hw>Brown</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become brown.</def>

<h1>Brownback</h1>
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<hw>Brown"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dowitcher or red-breasted snipe. See <er>Dowitcher</er>.</def>

<h1>Brown bill</h1>
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<hw>Brown" bill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[<ets>Brown</ets> + <ets>bill</ets> cutting tool.]</ety> <def>A bill or halberd of the 16th and 17th centuries. See 4th <er>Bill</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Many time, but for a sallet, my brainpan had been cleft with a <b>brown bill</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The <i>black</i>, or as it is sometimes called, the <i>brown bill</i>, was a kind of halberd, the cutting part hooked like a woodman's bill, from the back of which projected a spike, and another from the head.</note>

<i>Grose.</i>

<h1>Brownian</h1>
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<hw>Brown"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Dr. Robert <i>Brown</i>, who first demonstrated (about 1827) the commonness of the motion described below.</def>

<cs><col>Brownian movement</col>, <cd>the peculiar, rapid, vibratory movement exhibited by the microscopic particles of substances when suspended in water or other fluids.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brownie</h1>
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<hw>Brown"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from its supposed <ets>tawny</ets> or <ets>swarthy</ets> color.]</ety> <def>An imaginary good-natured spirit, who was supposed often to perform important services around the house by night, such as thrashing, churning, sweeping.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Browning</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Brown"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or operation of giving a brown color, as to gun barrels, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>A smooth coat of brown mortar, usually the second coat, and the preparation for the finishing coat of plaster.</def>

<h1>Brownish</h1>
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<hw>Brown"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat brown.</def>

<h1>Brownism</h1>
<Xpage=185>

<hw>Brown"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>The views or teachings of Robert Brown of the Brownists.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Brownism</h1>
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<hw>Brown"ism</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The doctrines of the Brunonian system of medicine. See <er>Brunonian</er>.</def>

<h1>Brownist</h1>
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<hw>Brown"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of Robert <i>Brown</i>, of England, in the 16th century, who taught that every church is complete and independent in itself when organized, and consists of members meeting in one place, having full power to elect and depose its officers.</def>

<h1>Brownist</h1>
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<hw>Brown"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>One who advocates the Brunonian system of medicine.</def>

<h1>Brownness</h1>
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<hw>Brown"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being brown.</def>

<blockquote>Now like I brown (O lovely brown thy hair);
Only in <b>brownness</b> beauty dwelleth there.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brownstone</h1>
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<hw>Brown"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dark variety of sandstone, much used for building purposes.</def>

<h1>Brown thrush</h1>
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<hw>Brown" thrush"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A common American singing bird (<spn>Harporhynchus rufus</spn>), allied to the mocking bird; -- also called <i>brown thrasher</i>.</def>

<h1>Brownwort</h1>
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<hw>Brown"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of figwort or <spn>Scrophularia</spn> (<spn>S. vernalis</spn>), and other species of the same genus, mostly perennials with inconspicuous coarse flowers.</def>

<h1>Browny</h1>
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<hw>Brown"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Brown or, somewhat brown.</def> "<i>Browny</i> locks."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Browpost</h1>
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<hw>Brow"post`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A beam that goes across a building.</def>

<h1>Browse</h1>
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<hw>Browse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>brost</ets>, <ets>broust</ets>, sprout, shoot, F. <ets>brout</ets> browse, browsewood, prob. fr. OHG. <ets>burst</ets>, G. <ets>borste</ets>, bristle; cf. also Armor. <ets>brousta</ets> to browse. See <er>Bristle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Brush</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>The tender branches or twigs of trees and shrubs, fit for the food of cattle and other animals; green food.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Sheep, goats, and oxen, and the nobler steed,
On <b>browse</b>, and corn, and flowery meadows feed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Browse</h1>
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<hw>Browse</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Browsed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Browsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For <ets>broust</ets>, OF. <ets>brouster</ets>, <ets>bruster</ets>, F. <ets>brouter</ets>. See <er>Browse</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Brut</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To eat or nibble off, as the tender branches of trees, shrubs, etc.; -- said of cattle, sheep, deer, and some other animals.</def>

<blockquote>Yes, like the stag, when snow the plasture sheets,
The barks of trees thou <b>browsedst</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To feed on, as pasture; to pasture on; to graze.</def>

<blockquote>Fields . . . <b>browsed</b> by deep-uddered kine.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="186">
Page 186<p>

<h1>Browse</h1>
<Xpage=186>

<hw>Browse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To feed on the tender branches or shoots of shrubs or trees, as do cattle, sheep, and deer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pasture; to feed; to nibble.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Browser</h1>
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<hw>Brows"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An animal that browses.</def>

<h1>Browsewood</h1>
<Xpage=186>

<hw>Browse"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Srubs and bushes upon which animals browse.</def>

<h1>Browsing</h1>
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<hw>Brows"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Browse; also, a place abounding with shrubs where animals may browse.</def>

<blockquote><b>Browsings</b> for the deer.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Browspot</h1>
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<hw>Brow"spot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rounded organ between the eyes of the frog; the interocular gland.</def>

<h1>Bruang</h1>
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<hw>Bru*ang"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Malayan sun bear.</def>

<h1>Brucine</h1>
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<hw>Bru"cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>brucine</ets>, fr. James <ets>Bruce</ets>, a Scottish traveler.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A poweful vegetable alkaloid, found, associated with strychnine, in the seeds of different species of <spn>Strychnos</spn>, especially in the <spn>Nux vomica</spn>. It is less powerful than strychnine. Called also <altname>brucia</altname> and <altname>brucina</altname>.</def>

<h1>Brucite</h1>
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<hw>Bru"cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after Dr. A.<ets>Bruce</ets> of New York.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A white, pearly mineral, occurring thin and foliated, like talc, and also fibrous; a native magnesium hydrate.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The mineral chondrodite.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Bruckeled</h1>
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<hw>Bruck"eled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wet and dirty; begrimed.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial.]</mark>

<i>Herrick.</i>

<h1>Bruh</h1>
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<hw>Bruh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <def>The rhesus monkey. See <er>Rhesus</er>.</def>

<h1>Bruin</h1>
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<hw>Bru"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>bruin</ets> brown. In the epic poem of "Reynard the Fox" the bear is so called from his color. See <er>Brown</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A bear; -- so called in popular tales and fables.</def>

<h1>Bruise</h1>
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<hw>Bruise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bruised</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bruising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>brusen</ets>, <ets>brisen</ets>, <ets>brosen</ets>, <ets>bresen</ets>, AS. <ets>br<?/san</ets> or fr. OF. <ets>bruiser</ets>, <ets>bruisier</ets>, <ets>bruser</ets>, to break, shiver, perh. from OHG. <ets>brochis\'d3n</ets>. Cf. <er>Break</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To injure, as by a blow or collision, without laceration; to contuse; <as>as, to <ex>bruise</ex> one's finger with a hammer; to <ex>bruise</ex> the bark of a tree with a stone; to <ex>bruise</ex> an apple by letting it fall.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To break; as in a mortar; to bray, as minerals, roots, etc.; to crush.</def>

<blockquote>Nor <b>bruise</b> her flowerets with the armed hoofs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To pulverize; bray; triturate; pound; contuse.</syn>

<h1>Bruise</h1>
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<hw>Bruise</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fight with the fists; to box.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bruising</b> was considered a fine, manly, old English custom.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bruise</h1>
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<hw>Bruise</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An injury to the flesh of animals, or to plants, fruit, etc., with a blunt or heavy instrument, or by collision with some other body; a contusion; <as>as, a <ex>bruise</ex> on the head; <ex>bruises</ex> on fruit.</as></def>

<blockquote>From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it; but wounds, and <b>bruises</b>.
<i>Isa. i. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bruiser</h1>
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<hw>Bruis"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, bruises.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A boxer; a pugilist.</def>

<i>R. Browning.</i>

<blockquote>Like a new <b>bruiser</b> on Broughtonic aand,
Amid the lists our hero takes his stand.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A concave tool used in grinding lenses or the speculums of telescopes.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Bruisewort</h1>
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<hw>Bruise"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A plant supposed to heal bruises, as the true daisy, the soapwort, and the comfrey.</def>

<h1>Bruit</h1>
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<hw>Bruit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bruit</ets>, <ets>brut</ets>, noise, bruit, F. <ets>bruit</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>brugitus</ets>; cf. L. <ets>rugire</ets> to roar; perh. influenced by the source of E. <ets>bray</ets> to make a harsh noise, Armor. <ets>brud</ets> bruit.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Report; rumor; fame.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>bruit</b> thereof will bring you many friends.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <tt>[<i>French pron</i>. <?/.]</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An abnormal sound of several kinds, heard on auscultation.</def>

<h1>Bruit</h1>
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<hw>Bruit</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bruited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bruiting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To report; to noise abroad.</def>

<blockquote>I find thou art no less than fame hath <b>bruited</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brumaire</h1>
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<hw>Bru`maire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>bruma</ets> winter.]</ety> <def>The second month of the calendar adopted by the first French republic. It began thirty days after the autumnal equinox. See <er>Vendemiaire</er>.</def>

<h1>Brumal</h1>
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<hw>Bru"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>brumalis</ets>, fr. <ets>bruma</ets> winter: cf. F. <ets>brumal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to winter.</def> "The <i>brumal</i> solstice."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Brume</h1>
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<hw>Brume</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brume</ets> winter season, mist, L. <ets>bruma</ets> winter.]</ety> <def>Mist; fog; vapors.</def> "The drifting <i>brume</i>."

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Brummagem</h1>
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<hw>Brum"ma*gem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Birmingham</ets> (formerly Bromwycham), Eng., "the great mart and manufactory of gilt toys, cheap jewelry," etc.]</ety> <def>Counterfeit; gaudy but worthless; sham.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark> "These <i>Brummagem</i> gentry."

<i>Lady D. Hardy.</i>

<h1>Brumous</h1>
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<hw>Bru"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Foggy; misty.</def>

<h1>Brun</h1>
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<hw>Brun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Broun</er> a brook.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Brun</er>, a brook.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Brunette</h1>
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<hw>Bru*nette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brunet</ets>, <ets>brunette</ets>, brownish, dim. of <ets>brun</ets>, <ets>brune</ets>, brown, fr. OHG. <ets>br<?/n</ets>. See <er>Brown</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A girl or woman with a somewhat brown or dark complexion.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt>  <def>Having a dark tint.</def></def2>

<h1>Brunion</h1>
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<hw>Brun"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brugnon</ets> (cf. It. <ets>brugna</ets>, <ets>prugna</ets>), fr. L. <ets>prunum</ets>. See <er>Prune</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A nectarine.</def>

<h1>Brunonian</h1>
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<hw>Bru*no"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or invented by, <i>Brown</i>; -- a term applied to a system of medicine promulgated in the 18th century by John <i>Brown</i>, of Scotland, the fundamental doctrine of which was, that life is a state of excitation produced by the normal action of external agents upon the body, and that disease consists in excess or deficiency of excitation.</def>

<h1>Brunswick black</h1>
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<hw>Bruns"wick black`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Japan black</er>.</def>

<h1>Brunswick green</h1>
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<hw>Bruns"wick green`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[G. <ets>Braunschweiger gr\'81n</ets>, first made at Brunswick, in Germany.]</ety> <def>An oxychloride of copper, used as a green pigment; also, a carbonate of copper similarly employed.</def>

<h1>Brunt</h1>
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<hw>Brunt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brunt</ets>, <ets>bront</ets>, fr. Icel. <ets>bruna</ets> to rush; cf. Icel. <ets>brenna</ets> to burn. Cf. <er>Burn</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The heat, or utmost violence, of an onset; the strength or greatest fury of any contention; <as>as, the <ex>brunt</ex> of a battle</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The force of a blow; shock; collision.</def> "And heavy <i>brunt</i> of cannon ball."

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<blockquote>It is instantly and irrecoverably scattered by our first <b>brunt</b> with some real affair of common life.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brush</h1>
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<hw>Brush</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>brusche</ets>, OF. <ets>broche</ets>, <ets>broce</ets>, <ets>brosse</ets>, brushwood, F. <ets>brosse</ets> brush, LL. <ets>brustia</ets>, <ets>bruscia</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>brusta</ets>, <ets>brust</ets>, bristle, G. <ets>borste</ets> bristle, <ets>b\'81rste</ets> brush. See <er>Bristle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Browse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument composed of bristles, or other like material, set in a suitable back or handle, as of wood, bone, or ivory, and used for various purposes, as in removing dust from clothes, laying on colors, etc. <i>Brushes</i> have different shapes and names according to their use; <as>as, clothes <ex>brush</ex>, paint <ex>brush</ex>, tooth <ex>brush</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The bushy tail of a fox.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tuft of hair on the mandibles.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Branches of trees lopped off; brushwood.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A thicket of shrubs or small trees; the shrubs and small trees in a wood; underbrush.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A bundle of flexible wires or thin plates of metal, used to conduct an electrical current to or from the commutator of a dynamo, electric motor, or similar apparatus.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The act of brushing; <as>as, to give one's clothes a <ex>brush</ex></as>; a rubbing or grazing with a quick motion; a light touch; <as>as, we got a <ex>brush</ex> from the wheel as it passed</as>.</def>

<blockquote>[As leaves] have with one winter's <b>brush</b>
Fell from their boughts.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A skirmish; a slight encounter; a shock or collision; <as>as, to have a <ex>brush</ex> with an enemy</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Let grow thy sinews till their knots be strong,
And tempt not yet the <b>brushes</b> of the war.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A short contest, or trial, of speed.</def>

<blockquote>Let us enjoy a <b>brush</b> across the country.
<i>Cornhill Mag.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Electrical brush</col>, <cd>a form of the electric discharge characterized by a brushlike appearance of luminous rays diverging from an electrified body.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brush</h1>
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<hw>Brush</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brushed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Brushing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bruschen</ets>; cf. F. <ets>brosser</ets>. See <er>Brush</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To apply a brush to, according to its particular use; to rub, smooth, clean, paint, etc., with a brush.</def> "A' <i>brushes</i> his hat o' mornings."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To touch in passing, or to pass lightly over, as with a brush.</def>

<blockquote>Some spread their sailes, some with strong oars sweep
The waters smooth, and <b>brush</b> the buxom wave.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Brushed</b> with the kiss of rustling wings.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To remove or gather by brushing, or by an act like that of brushing, or by passing lightly over, as wind; -- commonly with <i>off</i>.</def>

<blockquote>As wicked dew as e'er my mother <b>brushed</b>
With raven's feather from unwholesome fen.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And from the boughts <b>brush</b> off the evil dew.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To brush aside</col>, <cd>to remove from one's way, as with a brush.</cd> -- <col>To brush away</col>, <cd>to remove, as with a brush or brushing motion.</cd> -- <col>To brush up</col>, <cd>to paint, or make clean or bright with a brush; to cleanse or improve; to renew.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>You have commissioned me to paint your shop, and I have done my best to <b>brush</b> you <b>up</b> like your neighbors.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brush</h1>
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<hw>Brush</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To move nimbly in haste; to move so lightly as scarcely to be perceived; <as>as, to <ex>brush</ex> by</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Snatching his hat, he <b>brushed</b> off like the wind.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brusher</h1>
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<hw>Brush"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, brushes.</def>

<h1>Brushiness</h1>
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<hw>Brush"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of resembling a brush; brushlike condition; shagginess.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Brushing</h1>
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<hw>Brush"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Constructed or used to brush with; as a <i>brushing</i> machine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Brisk; light; <as>as, a <ex>brushing</ex> gallop</as>.</def>

<h1>Brushite</h1>
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<hw>Brush"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From George J.<ets>Brush</ets>, an American mineralogist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A white or gray crystalline mineral consisting of the acid phosphate of calcium.</def>

<h1>Brush turkey</h1>
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<hw>Brush" tur`key</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, edible, gregarious bird of Australia (<spn>Talegalla Lathami</spn>) of the family <spn>Megapodid\'91</spn>. Also applied to several allied species of New Guinea.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>brush turkeys</i> live in the "brush," and construct a common nest by collecting a large heap of decaying vegetable matter, which generates heat sufficient to hatch the numerous eggs (sometimes half a bushel) deposited in it by the females of the flock.</note>

<h1>Brush wheel</h1>
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<hw>Brush" wheel`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wheel without teeth, used to turn a similar one by the friction of bristles or something brushlike or soft attached to the circumference.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A circular revolving brush used by turners, lapidaries, silversmiths, etc., for polishing.</def>

<h1>Brushwood</h1>
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<hw>Brush"wood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Brush; a thicket or coppice of small trees and shrubs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Small branches of trees cut off.</def>

<h1>Brushy</h1>
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<hw>Brush"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a brush; shaggy; rough.</def>

<h1>Brusk</h1>
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<hw>Brusk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Brusque</er>.</def>

<h1>Brusque</h1>
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<hw>Brusque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brusque</ets>, from It. <ets>brusco</ets> brusque, tart, sour, perh. fr. L. (<ets>vitis</ets>) <ets>labrusca</ets> wild (vine); or cf. OHG. <ets>bruttisc</ets> grim, fr. <ets>brutti</ets> terror.]</ety> <def>Rough and prompt in manner; blunt; abrupt; hluff; <as>as, a <ex>brusque</ex> man; a <ex>brusque</ex> style.</as></def>

<h1>Brusqueness</h1>
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<hw>Brusque"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being brusque; roughness joined with promptness; blutness.</def>

<i>Brit. Quar.</i>

<h1>Brussels</h1>
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<hw>Brus"sels</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A city of Belgium, giving its name to a kind of carpet, a kind of lace, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Brussels carpet</col>, <cd>a kind of carpet made of worsted yarn fixed in a foundation web of strong linen thread. The worsted, which alone shows on the upper surface in drawn up in loops to form the pattern.</cd> -- <col>Brussels ground</col>, <cd>a name given to the handmade ground of real Brussels lace. It is very costly because of the extreme fineness of the threads.</cd> -- <col>Brussels lace</col>, <cd>an expensive kind of lace of several varieties, originally made in Brussels; as, <i>Brussels<i> point, <i>Brussels<i> ground, <i>Brussels<i> wire ground.</cd> -- <col>Brussels net</col>, <cd>an imitation of Brussels ground, made by machinery.</cd> -- <col>Brussels point</col>. <cd>See <er>Point lace</er>.</cd> -- <col>Brussels sprouts</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the Cabbage family, which produces, in the axils of the upright stem, numerous small green heads, or "sprouts," each a cabbage in miniature, of one or two inches in diameter; the thousand-headed cabbage.</cd> -- <col>Brussels wire ground</col>, <cd>a ground for lace, made of silk, with meshes partly straight and partly arched.</cd></cs>

<h1>Brustle</h1>
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<hw>Brus"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brustled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Brustling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>brustlien</ets> and <ets>brastlien</ets>, AS. <ets>brastlian</ets>, fr. <ets>berstan</ets> to burst, akin to G. <ets>prasseln</ets> to crackle. See <er>Burst</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To crackle; to rustle, as a silk garment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a show of fireceness or defiance; to bristle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>To brustle up</col>, <cd>to bristle up. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Otway.</i>

<h1>Brustle</h1>
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<hw>Brus"tle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bristle.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Brut</h1>
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<hw>Brut</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brouter</ets>, OF. <ets>brouster</ets>. See <er>Browse</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To browse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Brut</h1>
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<hw>Brut</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Birt</er>.</def>

<h1>Bruta</h1>
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<hw>Bru"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., neuter pl., fr. L. <ets>brutus</ets> heavy, stupid.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Edentata</er>.</def>

<h1>Brutal</h1>
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<hw>Bru"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>brutal</ets>. See <er>Brute</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a brute; <as>as, <ex>brutal</ex> nature</as>.</def> "Above the rest of <i>brutal</i> kind."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Like a brute; savage; cruel; inhuman; brutish; unfeeling; merciless; gross; <as>as, <ex>brutal</ex> manners</as>.</def> "<i>Brutal</i> intemperance."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Brutalism</h1>
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<hw>Bru"tal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Brutish quality; brutality.</def>

<h1>Brutality</h1>
<Xpage=186>

<hw>Bru*tal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Brutalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>brutalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being brutal; inhumanity; savageness; pitilessness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inhuman act.</def>

<blockquote>The . . . <b>brutalities</b> exercised in war.
<i>Brougham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brutalization</h1>
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<hw>Bru`tal*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of making brutal; state of being brutalized.</def>

<h1>Brutalize</h1>
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<hw>Bru"tal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brutalized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Brutalizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>brutaliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make brutal; beasty; unfeeling; or inhuman.</def>

<h1>Brutalize</h1>
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<hw>Bru"tal*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become brutal, inhuman, barbarous, or coarse and beasty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He mixed . . . with his countrymen, <b>brutalized</b> with them in their habits and manners.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brutally</h1>
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<hw>Bru"tal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a brutal manner; cruelly.</def>

<h1>Brute</h1>
<Xpage=186>

<hw>Brute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>brut</ets>, nasc., <ets>brute</ets>, fem., raw, rough, rude, brutish, L. <ets>brutus</ets> stupid, irrational: cf. It. & Sp. <ets>bruto</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not having sensation; senseless; inanimate; unconscious; without intelligence or volition; <as>as, the <ex>brute</ex> earth; the <ex>brute</ex> powers of nature.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not possessing reason, irrational; unthinking; <as>as, a <ex>brute</ex> beast; the <ex>brute</ex> creation.</as></def>

<blockquote>A creature . . . not prone
And <b>brute</b> as other creatures, but endued
With sanctity of reason.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, a brute beast. Hence: Brutal; cruel; fierce; ferocious; savage; pitiless; <as>as, <ex>brute</ex> violence</as>.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>The influence of capital and mere <b>brute</b> labor.
<i>Playfair.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Having the physical powers predominating over the mental; coarse; unpolished; unintelligent.</def>

<blockquote>A great <b>brute</b> farmer from Liddesdale.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Rough; uncivilized; unfeeling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Brute</h1>
<Xpage=186>

<hw>Brute</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An animal destitute of human reason; any animal not human; esp. a quadruped; a beast.</def>

<blockquote><b>Brutes</b> may be considered as either a\'89ral, terrestrial, aquatic, or amphibious.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A brutal person; a savage in heart or manners; as unfeeling or coarse person.</def>

<blockquote>An ill-natured <b>brute</b> of a husband.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Beast</er>.</syn>

<h1>Brute</h1>
<Xpage=186>

<hw>Brute</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>bruit</ets>.]</ety> <def>To report; to bruit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Brutely</h1>
<Xpage=186>

<hw>Brute"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a rude or violent manner.</def>

<h1>Bruteness</h1>
<Xpage=186>

<hw>Brute"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Brutality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Insensibility.</def> "The <i>bruteness</i> of nature."

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Brutify</h1>
<Xpage=186>

<hw>Bru"ti*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Brutified</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Brutifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Brute</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>brutifier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make like a brute; to make senseless, stupid, or unfeeling; to brutalize.</def>

<blockquote>Any man not quite <b>brutified</b> and void of sense.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Brutish</h1>
<Xpage=186>

<hw>Bru"tish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a brute or brutes; of a cruel, gross, and stupid nature; coarse; unfeeling; unintelligent.</def>

<blockquote>O, let all provocation
Take every <b>brutish</b> shape it can devise.
<i>Leigh Hunt.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Man may . . . render himself <b>brutish</b>, but it is in vain that he would seek to take the rank and density of the brute.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Insensible; stupid; unfeeling; savage; cruel; brutal; barbarous; inhuman; ferocious; gross; carnal; sensual; bestial.</syn>

--  <wordforms><wf>Bru"tish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Bru"tish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Brutism</h1>
<Xpage=186>

<hw>Bru"tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The nature or characteristic qualities or actions of a brute; extreme stupidity, or beastly vulgarity.</def>

<h1>Bruting</h1>
<Xpage=186>

<hw>Bru"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Browsing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Bryological</h1>
<Xpage=186>

<hw>Bry*o*log"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to bryology; <as>as, <ex>bryological</ex> studies</as>.</def>

<h1>Bryologist</h1>
<Xpage=186>

<hw>Bry*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in bryology.</def>

<h1>Bryology</h1>
<Xpage=186>

<hw>Bry*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ moss + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of botany which relates to mosses.</def>

<h1>Bryonin</h1>
<Xpage=186>

<hw>Bry"o*nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter principle obtained from the root of the bryony (<spn>Bryonia alba</spn> and <spn>B. dioica</spn>). It is a white, or slightly colored, substance, and is emetic and cathartic.</def>

<hr>
<page="187">
Page 187<p>

<h1>Bryony</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bry"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bryonia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to swell, esp. of plants.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common name of several cucurbitaceous plants of the genus <spn>Bryonia</spn>. The root of <spn>B. alba</spn> (<i>rough</i> or <i>white bryony</i>) and of <spn>B. dioica</spn> is a strong, irritating cathartic.</def>

<cs><col>Black bryony</col>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Tamus communis</spn>) so named from its dark glossy leaves and black root; black bindweed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bryophyta</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bry*oph"y*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Cryptogamia</er>.</def>

<h1>Bryozoa</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bry`o*zo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ moss + <?/ animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of Molluscoidea, including minute animals which by budding form compound colonies; -- called also <altname>Polyzoa</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; They are often coralike in form and appearance, each small cell containing an individual zooid. Other species grow in delicate, flexible, branched forms, resembling moss, whence the name. Some are found in fresh water, but most are marine. The three principal divisions are <stype><spn>Ectoprocta</spn></stype>, <stype><spn>Entoprocta</spn></stype>, and <stype><spn>Pterobranchia</spn></stype>. See <er>Cyclostoma</er>, <er>Chilostoma</er>, and <er>Phylactolema</er>.</note>

<h1>Bryozoan</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bry`o*zo"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Bryozoa.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>One of the Bryozoa.</def></def2>

<h1>Bryozoum</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bry`o*zo"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Bryozoa</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An individual zooid of a bryozoan coralline, of which there may be two or more kinds in a single colony. The zo\'d2cia usually have a wreath of tentacles around the mouth, and a well developed stomach and intestinal canal; but these parts are lacking in the other zooids (<spn>Avicularia</spn>, <spn>O\'d2cia</spn>, etc.).</def>

<h1>Buansuah</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bu`an*su"ah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wild dog of northern India (<spn>Cuon prim\'91vus</spn>), supposed by some to be an ancestral species of the domestic dog.</def>

<h1>Buat</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bu"at</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot., of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>A lantern; also, the moon.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Bub</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bub</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Strong malt liquor.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Bub</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bub</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. 2d <er>Bubby</er>.]</ety> <def>A young brother; a little boy; -- a familiar term of address of a small boy.</def>

<h1>Bub</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bub</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. from <er>Bubble</er>.]</ety> <def>To throw out in bubbles; to bubble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sackville.</i>

<h1>Bubale</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bu"ba*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bubale</ets>. See <er>Buffalo</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large antelope (<spn>Alcelaphus bubalis</spn>) of Egypt and the Desert of Sahara, supposed by some to be the fallow deer of the Bible.</def>

<h1>Bubaline</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bu"ba*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling a buffalo.</def>

<cs><col>Bubaline antelope</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the bubale.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bubble</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bub"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>bobbel</ets>, Dan. <ets>boble</ets>, Sw. <ets>bubbla</ets>. Cf. <er>Blob</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thin film of liquid inflated with air or gas; <as>as, a soap <ex>bubble</ex>; <ex>bubbles</ex> on the surface of a river.</as></def>

<blockquote>Beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow,
Like <b>bubbles</b> in a late disturbed stream.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small quantity of air or gas within a liquid body; <as>as, <ex>bubbles</ex> rising in champagne or a\'89rated waters</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A globule of air, or globular vacuum, in a transparent solid; <as>as, <ex>bubbles</ex> in window glass, or in a lens</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A small, hollow, floating bead or globe, formerly used for testing the strength of spirits.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The globule of air in the spirit tube of a level.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Anything that wants firmness or solidity; that which is more specious than real; a false show; a cheat or fraud; a delusive scheme; an empty project; a dishonest speculation; <as>as, the South Sea <ex>bubble</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Then a soldier . . .
Seeking the <b>bubble</b> reputation
Even in the cannon's mouth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A person deceived by an empty project; a gull.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Ganny's a cheat, and I'm a <i>bubble</i>."

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Bubble</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bub"ble</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bubbled</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bubbling</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>bobbelen</ets>, Dan. <ets>boble</ets>. See <er>Bubble</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rise in bubbles, as liquids when boiling or agitated; to contain bubbles.</def>

<blockquote>The milk that <b>bubbled</b> in the pail.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To run with a gurdling noise, as if forming bubbles; <as>as, a <ex>bubbling</ex> stream</as>.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To sing with a gurgling or warbling sound.</def>

<blockquote>At mine ear
<b>Bubbled</b> the nightingale and heeded not.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bubbler</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bub"bler</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cheat; to deceive.</def>

<blockquote>She has <b>bubbled</b> him out of his youth.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The great Locke, who was seldom outwitted by false sounds, was nevertheless <b>bubbled</b> here.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bubbler</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bub"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who cheats.</def>

<blockquote>All the Jews, jobbers, <b>bubblers</b>, subscribers, projectors, etc.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the Ohio river; -- so called from the noise it makes.</def>

<h1>Bubble shell</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bub"ble shell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine univalve shell of the genus <spn>Bulla</spn> and allied genera, belonging to the Tectibranchiata.</def>

<h1>Bubbling Jock</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bub"bling Jock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The male wild turkey, the gobbler; -- so called in allusion to its notes.</def>

<h1>Bubbly</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bub"bly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding in bubbles; bubbling.</def>

<i>Nash.</i>

<h1>Bubby</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bub"by</hw> <tt>(b&ucr;b"b&ycr;)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. G. <ets>b\'81bbi</ets>, or It. <ets>poppa</ets>, Pr. <ets>popa</ets>, OF. <ets>poupe</ets>, a woman's breast.]</ety> <def>A woman's breast.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Bubby</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bub"by</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>brother</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bub; -- a term of familiar or affectionate address to a small boy.</def>

<h1>Bubo</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bu"bo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Buboes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>bubo</ets> the groin, a swelling in the groin, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inflammation, with enlargement, of a limphatic gland, esp. in the groin, as in syphilis.</def>

<h1>Bubonic</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bu*bon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a bubo or buboes; characterized by buboes.</def>

<h1>Bubonocele</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bu*bon"o*cele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ groin + <?/ tumor: cf. F. <ets>bubonoc\'8ale</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inguinal hernia; esp. that incomplete variety in which the hernial pouch descends only as far as the groin, forming a swelling there like a bubo.</def>

<h1>Bubukle</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bu"bu*kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A red pimple.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Buccal</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buc"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bucca</ets> cheek: cf. F. <ets>buccal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the mouth or cheeks.</def>

<h1>Buccaneer</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buc`ca*neer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>boucanier</ets>, fr. <ets>boucaner</ets> to smoke or broil meat and fish, to hunt wild beasts for their skins, <ets>boucan</ets> a smoking place for meat or fish, gridiron for smoking: a word of American origin.]</ety> <def>A robber upon the sea; a pirate; -- a term applied especially to the piratical adventurers who made depredations on the Spaniards in America in the 17th and 18th centuries.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bucanier</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; Primarily, one who dries and smokes flesh or fish after the manner of the Indians. The name was first given to the French settlers in Hayti or Hispaniola, whose business was to hunt wild cattle and swine.</note>

<h1>Buccaneer</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buc`ca*neer"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act the part of a buccaneer; to live as a piratical adventurer or sea robber.</def>

<h1>Buccaneerish</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buc`ca*neer"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a buccaneer; piratical.</def>

<h1>Buccinal</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buc"ci*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bucina</ets> a crooked horn or trumpet.]</ety> <def>Shaped or sounding like a trumpet; trumpetlike.</def>

<h1>Buccinator</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buc`ci*na"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a trumpeter, fr. <ets>bucinare</ets> to sound the trumpet.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle of the cheek; -- so called from its use in blowing wind instruments.</def>

<h1>Buccinoid</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buc"ci*noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Buccinum</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling the genus Buccinum, or pertaining to the <spn>Buccinid\'91</spn>, a family of marine univalve shells. See <er>Whelk</er>, and <er>Prosobranchiata</er>.</def>

<h1>Buccinum</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buc"ci*num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a trumpet, a trumpet shell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of large univalve mollusks abundant in the arctic seas. It includes the common whelk (<spn>B. undatum</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bucentaur</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bu*cen"taur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; ox + <?/ centaur.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fabulous monster, half ox, half man.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[It. <ets>bucentoro</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state barge of Venice, used by the doge in the ceremony of espousing the Adriatic.</def>

<h1>Buceros</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bu"ce*ros</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ horned like an ox; <?/ ox + <?/ horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of large perching birds; the hornbills.</def>

<h1>Bucholzite</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buch"ol*zite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from <ets>Bucholz</ets>, a German chemist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Fibrolite</er>.</def>

<h1>Buchu</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Bu"chu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A South African shrub (<spn>Barosma</spn>) with small leaves that are dotted with oil dlands; also, the leaves themselves, which are used in medicine for diseases of the urinary organs, etc. Several species furnish the leaves.</def>

<h1>Buck</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to LG. <ets>b\'81ke</ets>, Dan. <ets>byg</ets>, Sw. <ets>byk</ets>, G. <ets>bauche</ets>: cf. It. <ets>bucato</ets>, Prov. Sp. <ets>bugada</ets>, F. <ets>bu\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lye or suds in which cloth is soaked in the operation of bleaching, or in which clothes are washed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The cloth or clothes soaked or washed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Buck</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buck</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bucked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bucking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bouken</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>b\'81ken</ets>, Dan. <ets>byge</ets>, Sw. <ets>byka</ets>, G. <ets>bauchen</ets>, <ets>beuchen</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>buer</ets>. Cf. the preceding noun.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To soak, steep, or boil, in lye or suds; -- a process in bleaching.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wash (clothes) in lye or suds, or, in later usage, by beating them on stones in running water.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To break up or pulverize, as ores.</def>

<h1>Buck</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buck</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>buk</ets>, <ets>bucke</ets>, AS. <ets>bucca</ets>, <ets>bua</ets>, he-goat; akin to D. <ets>bok</ets>, OHG. <ets>pocch</ets>, G. <ets>bock</ets>, Ir. <ets>boc</ets>, W. <ets>bwch</ets>, Corn. <ets>byk</ets>; cf. Zend <ets>b<?/za</ets>, Skr. <ets>bukka</ets>. \'fb256. Cf. <er>Butcher</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The male of deer, especially fallow deer and antelopes, or of goats, sheep, hares, and rabbits.</def>

<note>&hand; A male fallow deer is called a <i>fawn</i> in his first year; a <i>pricket</i> in his second; a <i>sorel</i> in his third; a <i>sore</i> in his fourth; a <i>buck of the first head</i> in his fifth; and a <i>great buck</i> in his sixth. The female of the fallow deer is termed a <i>doe</i>. The male of the red deer is termed a <i>stag</i> or <i>hart</i> and not a <i>buck</i>, and the female is called a <i>hind</i>.</note>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gay, dashing young fellow; a fop; a dandy.</def>

<blockquote>The leading <b>bucks</b> of the day.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A male Indian or negro.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<note>&hand; The word <i>buck</i> is much used in composition for the names of antelopes; as, bush <i>buck</i>, spring <i>buck</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Blue buck</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blue</er>.</cd> -- <col>Water buck</col>, <cd>a South African variety of antelope (<spn>Kobus ellipsiprymnus</spn>). See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Antelope</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Buck</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To copulate, as bucks and does.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To spring with quick plunging leaps, descending with the fore legs rigid and the head held as low down as possible; -- said of a vicious horse or mule.</def>

<h1>Buck</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buck</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To subject to a mode of punishment which consists in tying the wrists together, passing the arms over the bent knees, and putting a stick across the arms and in the angle formed by the knees.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To throw by bucking. See <er>Buck</er>, <i>v. i.</i>, 2.</def>

<blockquote>The brute that he was riding had nearly <b>bucked</b> him out of the saddle.
<i>W. E. Norris.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buck</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buck</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A frame on which firewood is sawed; a sawhorse; a sawbuck.</def>

<cs><col>Buck saw</col>, <cd>a saw set in a frame and used for sawing wood on a sawhorse.</cd></cs>

<h1>Buck</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buck</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Beech</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>The beech tree.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<cs><col>Buck mast</col>, <cd>the mast or fruit of the beech tree.</cd></cs>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Buck-basket</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buck"-bas`ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Buck</er>.]</ety> <def>A basket in which clothes are carried to the wash.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Buck bean</h1>
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<hw>Buck" bean`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Menyanthes trifoliata</spn>) which grows in moist and boggy places, having racems of white or reddish flowers and intensely bitter leaves, sometimes used in medicine; marsh trefoil; -- called also <altname>bog bean</altname>.</def>

<h1>Buckboard</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buck"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A four-wheeled vehicle, having a long elastic board or frame resting on the bolsters or axletrees, and a seat or seats placed transversely upon it; -- called also <altname>buck wagon</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bucker</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buck"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who bucks ore.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A broad-headed hammer used in bucking ore.</def>

<h1>Bucker</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buck"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A horse or mule that bucks.</def>

<h1>Bucket</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buck"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>boket</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>buc</ets> pitcher, or Corn. <ets>buket</ets> tub.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A vessel for drawing up water from a well, or for catching, holding, or carrying water, sap, or other liquids.</def>

<blockquote>The old oaken <b>bucket</b>, the iron-bound <b>bucket</b>,
The moss-covered <b>bucket</b>, which hung in the well.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vessel (as a tub or scoop) for hoisting and conveying coal, ore, grain, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>One of the receptacles on the rim of a water wheel into which the water rushes, causing the wheel to revolve; also, a float of a paddle wheel.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The valved piston of a lifting pump.</def>

<cs><col>Fire bucket</col>, <cd>a bucket for carrying water to put out fires.</cd> -- <col>To kick the bucket</col>, <cd>to die. <mark>[Low]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Bucket shop</h1>
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<hw>Buck"et shop`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>An office or a place where facilities are given for betting small sums on current prices of stocks, petroleum, etc.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Buckety</h1>
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<hw>Buck"et*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>buckwheat</ets>.]</ety> <def>Paste used by weavers to dress their webs.</def>

<i>Buchanan.</i>

<h1>Buckeye</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buck"eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several American trees and shrubs of the same genus (<spn>\'92sculus</spn>) as the horse chestnut.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>The Ohio buckeye</col>, &or; <col>Fetid buckeye</col></mcol>, <cd>is <spn>\'92sculus glabra</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red buckeye</col> <cd>is <spn>\'92. Pavia</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Small buckeye</col> <cd>is <spn>\'92. paviflora</spn>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Sweet buckeye</col>, &or; <col>Yellow buckeye</col></mcol>, <cd>is <spn>\'92. flava</spn>.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cant name for a native in Ohio.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Buckeye State</col>, <cd>Ohio; -- so called because buckeye trees abound there.</cd></cs>

<h1>Buck-eyed</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buck"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having bad or speckled eyes.</def> "A <i>buck-eyed</i> horse."

<i>James White.</i>

<h1>Buckhound</h1>
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<hw>Buck"hound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hound for hunting deer.</def>

<cs><col>Master of the buckhounds</col>, <cd>an officer in the royal household.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Buckie</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buck"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large spiral marine shell, esp. the common whelk. See <er>Buccinum</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<cs><col>Deil's buckie</col>, <cd>a perverse, refractory youngster.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark></cs>
<-- sic.  deil = devil. See deil. -->

<h1>Bucking</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buck"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of soaking or boiling cloth in an alkaline liquid in the operation of bleaching; also, the liquid used.</def>

<i>Tomlinson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A washing.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The process of breaking up or pulverizing ores.</def>

<cs><col>Bucking iron</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a broad-faced hammer, used in bucking or breaking up ores.</cd> -- <col>Bucking kier</col> <fld>(Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a large circular boiler, or kier, used in bleaching.</cd> -- <col>Bucking stool</col>, <cd>a washing block.</cd></cs>

<h1>Buckish</h1>
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<hw>Buck"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dandified; foppish.</def>

<h1>Buckle</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buc"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bocle</ets> buckle, boss of a shield, OF. <ets>bocle</ets>, F. <ets>boucle</ets>, boss of a shield, ring, fr. L. <ets>buccula</ets> a little cheek or mouth, dim. of <ets>bucca</ets> cheek; this boss or knob resembling a cheek.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A device, usually of metal, consisting of a frame with one more movable tongues or catches, used for fastening things together, as parts of dress or harness, by means of a strap passing through the frame and pierced by the tongue.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A distortion bulge, bend, or kink, as in a saw blade or a plate of sheet metal.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A curl of hair, esp. a kind of crisp curl formerly worn; also, the state of being curled.</def>

<blockquote>Earlocks in tight <b>buckles</b> on each side of a lantern face.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lets his wig lie in <b>buckle</b> for a whole half year.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A contorted expression, as of the face.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>'Gainst nature armed by gravity,
His features too in <b>buckle</b> see.
<i>Churchill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buckle</h1>
<Xpage=187>

<hw>Buc"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Buckled</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Buckling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>boclen</ets>, F. <ets>boucler</ets>. See <er>Buckle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fasten or confine with a buckle or buckles; <as>as, to <ex>buckle</ex> a harness</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bend; to cause to kink, or to become distorted.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To prepare for action; to apply with vigor and earnestness; -- generally used reflexively<-- buckle down -->.</def>

<blockquote>Cartwright <b>buckled</b> himself to the employment.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To join in marriage.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<hr>
<page="188">
Page 188<p>

<h1>Buckle</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Buc"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bend permanently; to become distorted; to bow; to curl; to kink.</def>

<blockquote><b>Buckled</b> with the heat of the fire like parchment.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bend out of a true vertical plane, as a wall.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To yield; to give way; to cease opposing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Dutch, as high as they seem, do begin to <b>buckle</b>.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To enter upon some labor or contest; to join in close fight; to struggle; to contend.</def>

<blockquote>The bishop was as able and ready to <b>buckle</b> with the Lord Protector as he was with him.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In single combat thou shalt <b>buckle</b> with me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To buckle to</col>, <cd>to bend to; to engage with zeal.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>To make our sturdy humor <b>buckle</b> there<b>to</b>.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Before <b>buckling to</b> my winter's work.
<i>J. D. Forbes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buckler</h1>
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<hw>Buc"kler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bocler</ets>, OF. <ets>bocler</ets>, F. <ets>bouclier</ets>, a shield with a boss, from OF. <ets>bocle</ets>, <ets>boucle</ets>, boss. See <er>Buckle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of shield, of various shapes and sizes, worn on one of the arms (usually the left) for protecting the front of the body.</def>

<note>&hand; In the sword and <i>buckler</i> play of the Middle Ages in England, the <i>buckler</i> was a small shield, used, not to cover the body, but to stop or parry blows.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the large, bony, external plates found on many ganoid fishes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The anterior segment of the shell of trilobites.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A block of wood or plate of iron made to fit a hawse hole, or the circular opening in a half-port, to prevent water from entering when the vessel pitches.</def>

<cs><col>Blind buckler</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a solid buckler.</cd> -- <col>Buckler mustard</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of plants (<spn>Biscutella</spn>) with small bright yellow flowers. The seed vessel on bursting resembles two bucklers or shields.</cd> -- <col>Buckler thorn</col>, <cd>a plant with seed vessels shaped like a buckler. See <er>Christ's thorn</er>.</cd> -- <col>Riding buckler</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a buckler with a hole for the passage of a cable.</cd></cs>

<h1>Buckler</h1>
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<hw>Buc"kler</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shield; to defend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Can Oxford, that did ever fence the right,
Now <b>buckler</b> falsehood with a pedigree?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buckler-headed</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Buc"kler-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a head like a buckler.</def>

<h1>Buckling</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Buc"kling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wavy; curling, as hair.</def>

<i>Latham.</i>

<h1>Buckra</h1>
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<hw>Buck"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[In the language of the Calabar coast, <ets>buckra</ets> means "demon, a powerful and superior being." <ets>J</ets>.<ets>L</ets>.<ets>Wilson</ets>.]</ety> <def>A white man; -- a term used by negroes of the African coast, West Indies, etc.</def>

<h1>Buckra</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Buck"ra</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>White; white man's; strong; good; <as>as, <ex>buckra</ex> yam, a white yam</as>.</def>

<h1>Buckram</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Buck"ram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bokeram</ets>, <ets>bougeren</ets>, OF. <ets>boqueran</ets>, F. <ets>bougran</ets>, MHG. <ets>buckeram</ets>, LL. <ets>buchiranus</ets>, <ets>boquerannus</ets>, fr. MHG. <ets>boc</ets>, G. <ets>bock</ets>, goat (as being made of goat's hair), or fr. F. <ets>bouracan</ets>, by transposing the letter <ets>r</ets>. See <er>Buck</er>, <er>Barracan</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A coarse cloth of linen or hemp, stiffened with size or glue, used in garments to keep them in the form intended, and for wrappers to cover merchandise.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Buckram</i> was formerly a very different material from that now known by the name. It was used for wearing apparel, etc.</note>

<i>Beck (Draper's Dict. ).</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant. See <er>Ramson</er>.</def>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Buckram</h1>
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<hw>Buck"ram</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made of buckram; <as>as, a <ex>buckram</ex> suit</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Stiff; precise.</def> "<i>Buckram</i> dames."

<i>Brooke.</i>

<h1>Buckram</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Buck"ram</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To strengthen with buckram; to make stiff.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Buck's-horn</h1>
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<hw>Buck's"-horn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant with leaves branched somewhat like a buck's horn (<spn>Plantago Coronopus</spn>); also, <spn>Lobelia coronopifolia</spn>.</def>

<h1>Buckshot</h1>
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<hw>Buck"shot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coarse leaden shot, larger than swan shot, used in hunting deer and large game.</def>

<h1>Buckskin</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Buck"skin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The skin of a buck.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A soft strong leather, usually yellowish or grayish in color, made of deerskin.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person clothed in buckskin, particularly an American soldier of the Revolutionary war.</def>

<blockquote>Cornwallis fought as lang's he dought,
An' did the <b>buckskins</b> claw, man.
<i>Burns.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Breeches made of buckskin.</def>

<blockquote>I have alluded to his <b>buckskin</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buckstall</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Buck"stall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A toil or net to take deer.</def>

<h1>Buckthorn</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Buck"thorn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus (<spn>Rhamnus</spn>) of shrubs or trees. The shorter branches of some species terminate in long spines or thorns. See <er>Rhamnus</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Sea buckthorn</col>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Hippopha\'89</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bucktooth</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Buck"tooth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any tooth that juts out.</def>

<blockquote>When he laughed, two white <b>buckteeth</b> protruded.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buckwheat</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Buck"wheat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Buck</ets> a beech tree + <ets>wheat</ets>; akin to D. <ets>boekweit</ets>, G. <ets>buchweizen</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Fagopyrum esculentum</spn>) of the Polygonum family, the seed of which is used for food.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The triangular seed used, when ground, for griddle cakes, etc.</def>

<h1>Bucolic</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Bu*col"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bucolicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ cowherd, herdsman; <?/ ox + (perh.) <?/ race horse; cf. Skr. <ets>kal</ets> to drive: cf. F. <ets>bucolique</ets>. See <er>Cow</er> the animal.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the life and occupation of a shepherd; pastoral; rustic.</def>

<h1>Bucolic</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Bu*col"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Bucolic\'93n</ets> po\'89ma.]</ety> <def>A pastoral poem, representing rural affairs, and the life, manners, and occupation of shepherds; <as>as, the <ex>Bucolics</ex> of Theocritus and Virgil</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Bucolical</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Bu*col"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bucolic.</def>

<h1>Bucranium</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Bu*cra"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Bucrania</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ ox head.]</ety> <def>A sculptured ornament, representing an ox skull adorned with wreaths, etc.</def>

<h1>Bud</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Bud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>budde</ets>; cf. D. <ets>bot</ets>, G. <ets>butze</ets>, <ets>butz</ets>, the core of a fruit, bud, LG. <ets>butte</ets> in hage<ets>butte</ets>, hain<ets>butte</ets>, a hip of the dog-rose, or OF. <ets>boton</ets>, F. <ets>bouton</ets>, bud, button, OF. <ets>boter</ets> to bud, push; all akin to E. <ets>beat</ets>. See <er>Button</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small protuberance on the stem or branches of a plant, containing the rudiments of future leaves, flowers, or stems; an undeveloped branch or flower.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A small protuberance on certain low forms of animals and vegetables which develops into a new organism, either free or attached. See <er>Hydra</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Bud moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a lepidopterous insect of several species, which destroys the buds of fruit trees; esp. <spn>Tmetocera ocellana</spn> and <spn>Eccopsis malana</spn> on the apple tree.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bud</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Bud</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Budded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Budding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put forth or produce buds, as a plant; to grow, as a bud does, into a flower or shoot.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To begin to grow, or to issue from a stock in the manner of a bud, as a horn.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be like a bud in respect to youth and freshness, or growth and promise; <as>as, a <ex>budding</ex> virgin</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To sprout; germinate; blossom.</syn>

<h1>Bud</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Bud</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To graft, as a plant with another or into another, by inserting a bud from the one into an opening in the bark of the other, in order to raise, upon the budded stock, fruit different from that which it would naturally bear.</def>

<blockquote>The apricot and the nectarine may be, and usually are, <b>budded</b> upon the peach; the plum and the peach are <b>budded</b> on each other.
<i>Farm. Dict.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buddha</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Bud"dha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>buddha</ets> wise, sage, fr. <ets>budh</ets> to know.]</ety> <def>The title of an incarnation of self-abnegation, virtue, and wisdom, or a deified religious teacher of the Buddhists, esp. Gautama Siddartha or Sakya Sinha (or Muni), the founder of Buddhism.</def>

<h1>Buddhism</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Bud"dhism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The religion based upon the doctrine originally taught by the Hindoo sage Gautama Siddartha, surnamed Buddha, "the awakened or enlightened," in the sixth century <er>b</er>.<er>c</er>., and adopted as a religion by the greater part of the inhabitants of Central and Eastern Asia and the Indian Islands. Buddha's teaching is believed to have been atheistic; yet it was characterized by elevated humanity and morality. It presents release from existence (a beatific enfranchisement, <i>Nirv\'83na</i>) as the greatest good. Buddhists believe in transmigration of souls through all phases and forms of life. Their number was estimated in 1881 at 470,000,000.</def>

<h1>Buddhist</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Bud"dhist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who accepts the teachings of Buddhism.</def>

<h1>Buddhist</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Bud"dhist</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Buddha, Buddhism, or the Buddhists.</def>

<h1>Buddhistic</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Bud*dhis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Buddhist</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Budding</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Bud"ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of producing buds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A process of asexual reproduction, in which a new organism or cell is formed by a protrusion of a portion of the animal or vegetable organism, the bud thus formed sometimes remaining attached to the parent stalk or cell, at other times becoming free; gemmation. See <er>Hydroidea</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act or process of ingrafting one kind of plant upon another stock by inserting a bud under the bark.</def>

<h1>Buddle</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Bud"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E., to cleanse ore, also a vessel for this purpose; cf. G. <ets>butteln</ets> to shake.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>An apparatus, especially an inclined trough or vat, in which stamped ore is concentrated by subjecting it to the action of rynning water so as to wash out the lighter and less valuable portions.</def>

<h1>Buddle</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Bud"dle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To wash ore in a buddle.</def>

<h1>Bude burner</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Bude" burn`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Bude light</er>.]</ety> <def>A burner consisting of two or more concentric Argand burners (the inner rising above the outer) and a central tube by which oxygen gas or common air is supplied.</def>

<h1>Bude light</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Bude" light`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From <ets>Bude</ets>, in Cornwall, the residence of Sir G.Gurney, the inventor.]</ety> <def>A light in which high illuminating power is obtained by introducing a jet of oxygen gas or of common air into the center of a flame fed with coal gas or with oil.</def>

<h1>Budge</h1>
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<hw>Budge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Budged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Budging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>bouger</ets> to stir, move (akin to Pr. <ets>bojar</ets>, <ets>bolegar</ets>, to stir, move, It. <ets>bulicare</ets> to boil, bubble), fr. L. <ets>bullire</ets>. See <er>Boil</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>To move off; to stir; to walk away.</def>

<blockquote>I'll not <b>budge</b> an inch, boy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The mouse ne'er shunned the cat as they did <b>budge</b>
From rascals worse than they.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Budge</h1>
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<hw>Budge</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Budge</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>Brisk; stirring; jocund.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Budge</h1>
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<hw>Budge</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bouge</ets> bag, OF. <ets>boge</ets>, <ets>bouge</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bulga</ets> a leathern bag or knapsack; a Gallic word; cf. OIr. <ets>bolc</ets>, Gael. <ets>bolg</ets>. Cf. <er>Budge</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A kind of fur prepared from lambskin dressed with the wool on; -- used formerly as an edging and ornament, esp. of scholastic habits.</def>

<h1>Budge</h1>
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<hw>Budge</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lined with budge; hence, scholastic.</def> "<i>Budge</i> gowns."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Austere or stiff, like scholastics.</def>

<blockquote>Those <b>budge</b> doctors of the stoic fur.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Budge bachelor</col>, <cd>one of a company of men clothed in long gowns lined with budge, who formerly accompanied the lord mayor of London in his inaugural procession.</cd> -- <col>Budge barrel</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a small copper-hooped barrel with only one head, the other end being closed by a piece of leather, which is drawn together with strings like a purse. It is used for carrying powder from the magazine to the battery, in siege or seacoast service.</cd></cs>

<h1>Budgeness</h1>
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<hw>Budge"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sternness; severity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A Sara for goodness, a great Bellona for <b>budgeness</b>.
<i>Stanyhurst.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Budger</h1>
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<hw>Budg"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who budges.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>budgerow</h1>
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<hw>budg"e*row</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hindi <ets>bajr\'be</ets>.]</ety> <def>A large and commodious, but generally cumbrous and sluggish boat, used for journeys on the Ganges.</def>

<h1>Budget</h1>
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<hw>Budg"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bogett</ets>, <ets>bouget</ets>, F. <ets>bougette</ets> bag, wallet, dim. of OF. <ets>boge</ets>, <ets>bouge</ets>, leather bag. See <er>Budge</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Bouget</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bag or sack with its contents; hence, a stock or store; an accumulation; <as>as, a <ex>budget</ex> of inventions</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The annual financial statement which the British chancellor of the exchequer makes in the House of Commons. It comprehends a general view of the finances of the country, with the proposed plan of taxation for the ensuing year. The term is sometimes applied to a similar statement in other countries.</def>

<cs><col>To open the budget</col>, <cd>to lay before a legislative body the financial estimates and plans of the executive government.</cd></cs>

<h1>Budgy</h1>
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<hw>Budg"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Budge</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Consisting of fur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Budlet</h1>
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<hw>Bud"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bud</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little bud springing from a parent bud.</def>

<blockquote>We have a criterion to distinguish one bud from another, or the parent bud from the numerous <b>budlets</b> which are its offspring.
<i>E. Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buff</h1>
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<hw>Buff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>buff</ets>, <ets>buffe</ets>, buff, buffalo, F. <ets>buffle</ets> buffalo. See <er>Buffalo</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sort of leather, prepared from the skin of the buffalo, dressed with oil, like chamois; also, the skins of oxen, elks, and other animals, dressed in like manner.</def> "A suit of <i>buff</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The color to buff; a light yellow, shading toward pink, gray, or brown.</def>

<blockquote>A visage rough,
Deformed, unfeatured, and a skin of <b>buff</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A military coat, made of buff leather.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The grayish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat. See <cref>Buffy coat</cref>, under <er>Buffy</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A wheel covered with buff leather, and used in polishing cutlery, spoons, etc.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The bare skin; <as>as, to strip to the <ex>buff</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>To be in <b>buff</b> is equivalent to being naked.
<i>Wright.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buff</h1>
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<hw>Buff</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made of buff leather.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of the color of buff.</def>

<cs><col>Buff coat</col>, <cd>a close, military outer garment, with short sleeves, and laced tightly over the chest, made of buffalo skin, or other thick and elastic material, worn by soldiers in the 17th century as a defensive covering.</cd> -- <col>Buff jerkin</col>, <cd>originally, a leather waistcoat; afterward, one of cloth of a buff color. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Nares</i>.</cd> -- <col>Buff stick</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a strip of wood covered with buff leather, used in polishing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Buff</h1>
<Xpage=188>

<hw>Buff</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To polish with a buff. See <er>Buff</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</def>

<h1>Buff</h1>
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<hw>Buff</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bufer</ets> to cuff, buffet. See <er>Buffet</er> a blow.]</ety> <def>To strike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Buff</h1>
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<hw>Buff</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Buffet</er>.]</ety> <def>A buffet; a blow; -- obsolete except in the phrase "Blindman's <i>buff</i>."</def>

<blockquote>Nathless so sore a <b>buff</b> to him it lent
That made him reel.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buff</h1>
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<hw>Buff</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain etymol.]</ety> <def>Firm; sturdy.</def>

<blockquote>And for the good old cause stood <b>buff</b>,
'Gainst many a bitter kick and cuff.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buffa</h1>
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<hw>Buf"fa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. fem.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <ety>[It. See <er>Buffoon</er>.]</ety> <def>The comic actress in an opera.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def> Comic, farcical.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Aria buffa</col>, <cd>a droll or comic air.</cd> -- <col>Opera buffa</col>, <cd>a comic opera. See <er>Opera bouffe</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Buffalo</h1>
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<hw>Buf"fa*lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Buffaloes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp. <ets>bufalo</ets> (cf. It. <ets>bufalo</ets>, F. <ets>buffle</ets>), fr. L. <ets>bubalus</ets>, <ets>bufalus</ets>, a kind of African stag or gazelle; also, the buffalo or wild ox, fr. Gr. <?/ buffalo, prob. fr. <?/ ox. See <er>Cow</er> the animal, and cf. <er>Buff</er> the color, and <er>Bubale</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of the genus <spn>Bos</spn> or <spn>Bubalus</spn> (<spn>B. bubalus</spn>), originally from India, but now found in most of the warmer countries of the eastern continent. It is larger and less docile than the common ox, and is fond of marshy places and rivers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very large and savage species of the same genus (<spn>B. Caffer</spn>) found in South Africa; -- called also <altname>Cape buffalo</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of wild ox.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bison of North America.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A buffalo robe. See <cref>Buffalo robe</cref>, below.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The buffalo fish. See <cref>Buffalo fish</cref>, below.</def>

<cs><col>Buffalo berry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a shrub of the Upper Missouri (<spn>Sherherdia argentea</spn>) with acid edible red berries.</cd> -- <col>Buffalo bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an African bird of the genus <spn>Buphaga</spn>, of two species. These birds perch upon buffaloes and cattle, in search of parasites.</cd> -- <col>Buffalo bug</col>, <cd>the carpet beetle. See under <er>Carpet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Buffalo chips</col>, <cd>dry dung of the buffalo, or bison, used for fuel</cd>. <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Buffalo clover</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of clover (<spn>Trifolium reflexum</spn> and <spn>T.soloniferum</spn>) found in the ancient grazing grounds of the American bison.</cd> -- <col>Buffalo cod</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, edible, marine fish (<spn>Ophiodon elongatus</spn>) of the northern Pacific coast; -- called also <altname>blue cod</altname>, and <altname>cultus cod</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Buffalo fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several large fresh-water fishes of the family <spn>Catostomid\'91</spn>, of the Mississippi valley. The red-mouthed or brown (<spn>Ictiobus bubalus</spn>), the big-mouthed or black (<spn>Bubalichthys urus</spn>), and the small-mouthed (<spn>B. altus</spn>), are among the more important species used as food.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Buffalo fly</col>, &or; <col>Buffalo gnat</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small dipterous insect of the genus <spn>Simulium</spn>, allied to the black fly of the North. It is often extremely abundant in the lower part of the Mississippi valley and does great injury to domestic animals, often killing large numbers of cattle and horses. In Europe the Columbatz fly is a species with similar habits.</cd> -- <col>Buffalo grass</col> <spn>(Bot.)</spn>, <cd>a species of short, sweet grass (<spn>Buchlo\'89 dactyloides</spn>), from two to four inches high, covering the prairies on which the buffaloes, or bisons, feed</cd>. [U.S.] -- <col>Buffalo nut</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the oily and drupelike fruit of an American shrub (<spn>Pyrularia oleifera</spn>); also, the shrub itself; oilnut.</cd> -- <col>Buffalo robe</col>, <cd>the skin of the bison of North America, prepared with the hair on; -- much used as a lap robe in sleighs.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="189">
Page 189<p>

<h1>Buffel duck</h1>
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<hw>Buf"fel duck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Buffalo</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small duck (<spn>Charitonetta albeola</spn>); the spirit duck, or butterball. The head of the male is covered with numerous elongated feathers, and thus appears large. Called also <altname>bufflehead</altname>.</def>

<h1>Buffer</h1>
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<hw>Buff"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prop a <ets>striker</ets>. See <er>Buffet</er> a blow.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An elastic apparatus or fender, for deadening the jar caused by the collision of bodies; <as>as, a <ex>buffer</ex> at the end of a railroad car</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A pad or cushion forming the end of a fender, which recieves the blow; -- sometimes called <altname>buffing apparatus</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who polishes with a buff.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A wheel for buffing; a buff.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A good-humored, slow-witted fellow; -- usually said of an elderly man.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Bufferhead</h1>
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<hw>Buff"er*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The head of a buffer, which recieves the concussion, in railroad carriages.</def>

<h1>Buffet</h1>
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<hw>Buf*fet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>buffet</ets>, LL. <ets>bufetum</ets>; of uncertain origin; perh. fr. the same source as E. <ets>buffet</ets> a blow, the root meaning <ets>to puff</ets>, hence (cf. <ets>puffed up</ets>) the idea of ostentation or display.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cupboard or set of shelves, either movable or fixed at one side of a room, for the display of plate, china, etc., a sideboard.</def>

<blockquote>Not when a gilt <b>buffet's</b> reflected pride
Turns you from sound philosophy aside.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A counter for refreshments; a restaurant at a railroad station, or place of public gathering.</def>

<h1>Buffet</h1>
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<hw>Buf"fet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>buffet</ets>, <ets>boffet</ets>, OF. <ets>buffet</ets> a slap in the face, a pair of bellows, fr. <ets>buffe</ets> blow, cf. F. <ets>bouffer</ets> to blow, puff; prob. akin to E. <ets>puff</ets>. For the meaning <ets>slap</ets>, <ets>blow</ets>, cf. F. <ets>soufflet</ets> a slap, <ets>souffler</ets> to blow. See <er>Puff</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and cf. <er>Buffet</er> sidebroad, <er>Buffoon</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A blow with the hand; a slap on the face; a cuff.</def>

<blockquote>When on his cheek a <b>buffet</b> fell.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A blow from any source, or that which affects like a blow, as the violence of winds or waves; a stroke; an adverse action; an affliction; a trial; adversity.</def>

<blockquote>Those planks of tough and hardy oak that used for yeas to brave the <b>buffets</b> of the Bay of Biscay.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fortune's <b>buffets</b> and rewards.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small stool; a stool for a buffet or counter.</def>

<blockquote>Go fetch us a light <b>buffet</b>.
<i>Townely Myst.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buffet</h1>
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<hw>Buf"fet</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Buffeted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Buffeting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>buffeten</ets>, OF. <ets>buffeter</ets>. See the preceding noun.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike with the hand or fist; to box; to beat; to cuff; to slap.</def>

<blockquote>They spit in his face and <b>buffeted</b> him.
<i>Matt. xxvi. 67.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To affect as with blows; to strike repeatedly; to strive with or contend against; <as>as, to <ex>buffet</ex> the billows</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The sudden hurricane in thunder roars,
<b>Buffets</b> the bark, and whirls it from the shores.
<i>Broome.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You are lucky fellows who can live in a dreamland of your own, instead of being <b>buffeted</b> about the world.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Buffer</er>.]</ety> <def>To deaden the sound of (bells) by muffling the clapper.</def>

<h1>Buffet</h1>
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<hw>Buf"fet</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To exercise or play at boxing; to strike; to smite; to strive; to contend.</def>

<blockquote>If I might <b>buffet</b> for my love, or bound my horse for her favors, I could lay on like a butcher.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make one's way by blows or struggling.</def>

<blockquote>Strove to <b>buffet</b> to land in vain.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buffeter</h1>
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<hw>Buf"fet*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who buffets; a boxer.</def>

<i>Jonson.</i>

<h1>Buffeting</h1>
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<hw>Buf"fet*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A striking with the hand.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A succession of blows; continued violence, as of winds or waves; afflictions; adversity.</def>

<blockquote>He seems to have been a plant of slow growth, but . . . fitted to endure the <b>buffeting</b> on the rudest storm.
<i>Wirt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buffin</h1>
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<hw>Buf"fin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from resembling <ets>buff</ets> <?/eather.]</ety> <def>A sort of coarse stuff; <as>as, <ex>buffin</ex> gowns</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Buffing apparatus</h1>
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<hw>Buff"ing ap`pa*ra"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Buffer</er>, 1.</def>

<h1>Buffle</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Buf"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE., from F. <ets>buffle</ets>. See <er>Buffalo</er>.]</ety> <def>The buffalo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Buffle</h1>
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<hw>Buf"fle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To puzzle; to be at a loss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Bufflehead</h1>
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<hw>Buf"fle*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Buffle</ets> + <ets>head</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who has a large head; a heavy, stupid fellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What makes you stare so, <b>bufflehead</b>?
<i>Plautus (trans. 1694).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The buffel duck. See <er>Buffel duck</er>.</def>

<h1>Buffle-headed</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Buf"fle-head`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a large head, like a buffalo; dull; stupid; blundering.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So fell this <b>buffle-headed</b> giant.
<i>Gayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buffo</h1>
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<hw>Buf"fo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.masc.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Buffoon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The comic actor in an opera.</def>

<h1>Buffoon</h1>
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<hw>Buf*foon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bouffon</ets> (cf. It. <ets>buffone</ets>, <ets>buffo</ets>, <ets>buffa</ets>, puff of wind, vanity, nonsense, trick), fr. <ets>bouffer</ets> to puff out, because the buffoons puffed out their cheeks for the amusement of the spectators. See <er>Buffet</er> a blow.]</ety> <def>A man who makes a practice of amusing others by low tricks, antic gestures, etc.; a droll; a mimic; a harlequin; a clown; a merry-andrew.</def>

<h1>Buffoon</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Buf*foon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characteristic of, or like, a buffoon.</def> "<i>Buffoon</i> stories."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>To divert the audience with <b>buffoon</b> postures and antic dances.
<i>Melmoth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buffoon</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Buf*foon"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act the part of a buffoon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Buffoon</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Buf*foon"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat with buffoonery.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Buffoonery</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Buf*foon"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Buffooneries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>bouffonnerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The arts and practices of a buffoon, as low jests, ridiculous pranks, vulgar tricks and postures.</def>

<blockquote>Nor that it will ever constitute a wit to conclude a tart piece of <b>buffoonery</b> with a "What makes you blush?"
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buffoonish</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Buf*foon"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a buffoon; consisting in low jests or gestures.</def>

<i>Blair.</i>

<h1>Buffoonism</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Buf*foon"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practices of a buffoon; buffoonery.</def>

<h1>Buffoonly</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Buf*foon"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Low; vulgar.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Apish tricks and <b>buffoonly</b> discourse.
<i>Goodman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buffy</h1>
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<hw>Buff"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Resembling, or characterized by, buff.</def>

<cs><col>Buffy coat</col>, <cd>the coagulated plasma of blood when the red corpuscles have so settled out that the coagulum appears nearly colorless. This is common in diseased conditions where the corpuscles run together more rapidly and in denser masses than usual.</cd></cs>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Bufo</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bu"fo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bufo</ets> a toad.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of Amphibia including various species of toads.</def>

<h1>Bufonite</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bu"fon*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bufo</ets> toad: cf. F. <ets>bufonite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An old name for a fossil consisting of the petrified teeth and palatal bones of fishes belonging to the family of Pycnodonts (thick teeth), whose remains occur in the o\'94lite and chalk formations; toadstone; -- so named from a notion that it was originally formed in the head of a toad.</def>

<h1>Bug</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bug</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bugge</ets>, fr. W. <ets>bwg</ets>, <ets>bwgan</ets>, hobgoblin, scarecrow, bugbear. Cf. <er>Bogey</er>, <er>Boggle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bugbear; anything which terrifies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sir, spare your threats:
The <b>bug</b> which you would fright me with I seek.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A general name applied to various insects belonging to the Hemiptera; <as>as, the squash <ex>bug</ex>; the chinch <ex>bug</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect of the genus <spn>Cimex</spn>, especially the bedbug (<spn>C. lectularius</spn>). See <er>Bedbug</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of various species of Coleoptera; <as>as, the lady<ex>bug</ex>; potato <ex>bug</ex>, etc.; loosely, any beetle.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of certain kinds of Crustacea; <as>as, the sow <ex>bug</ex>; pill <ex>bug</ex>; bait <ex>bug</ex>; salve <ex>bug</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<note>&hand; According to present popular usage in England, and among housekeepers in America, <i>bug</i>, when not joined with some qualifying word, is used specifically for <i>bedbug</i>. As a general term it is used very loosely in America, and was formerly used still more loosely in England. "God's rare workmanship in the ant, the poorest <i>bug</i> that creeps." <i>Rogers</i> (<i>Naaman</i>). "This <i>bug</i> with gilded wings." <i>Pope</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Bait bug</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bait</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bug word</col>, <cd>swaggering or threatening language. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Bugaboo, Bugbear</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw><hw>Bug`a*boo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bug"bear`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bug</er>.]</ety> <def>Something frightful, as a specter; anything imaginary that causes needless fright; something used to excite needless fear; also, something really dangerous, used to frighten children, etc.</def> "<i>Bugaboos</i> to fright ye."

<i>Lloyd.</i>

<blockquote>But, to the world no <b>bugbear</b> is so great
As want of figure and a small estate.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>bugaboo</b> of the liberals is the church pray.
<i>S. B. Griffin.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The great <b>bugaboo</b> of the birds is the owl.
<i>J. Burroughs.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Hobgoblin; goblin; specter; ogre; scarecrow.</syn>

<h1>Bugbane</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bug"bane`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial white-flowered herb of the order <i>Ranunculace\'91</i> and genus <i>Cimiciguga</i>; bugwort. There are several species.</def>

<h1>Bugbear</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bug"bear`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bugaboo</er>.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt>  <def>Causing needless fright.</def></def2>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Bugbear</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bug"bear`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To alarm with idle phantoms.</def>

<h1>Bugfish</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bug"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The menhaden.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Bugger</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bug"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bougre</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>Bulgarus</ets>, a Bulgarian, and also a heretic; because the inhabitants of Bulgaria were infected with heresy. Those guilty of the crime of buggery were called <ets>heretics</ets>, because in the eyes of their adversaries there was nothing more heinous than heresy, and it was therefore thought that the origin of such a vice could only be owing to heretics.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One guilty of buggery or unnatural vice; a sodomite.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wretch; -- sometimes used humorously or in playful disparagement.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Buggery</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bug"ger*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>bougrerie</ets>, <ets>bogrerie</ets>, heresy. See <er>Bugger</er>.]</ety> <def>Unnatural sexual intercourse; sodomy.</def>

<h1>Bugginess</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bug"gi*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Buggy</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The state of being infested with bugs.</def>

<h1>Buggy</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bug"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bug</er>.]</ety> <def>Infested or abounding with bugs.</def>

<h1>Buggy</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bug"gy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Buggies</plw>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A light one horse two-wheeled vehicle.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>Villebeck prevailed upon Flora to drive with him to the race in a <b>buggy</b>.
<i>Beaconsfield.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A light, four-wheeled vehicle, usually with one seat, and with or without a calash top.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Buggy cultivator</col>, <cd>a cultivator with a seat for the driver.</cd> -- <col>Buggy plow</col>, <cd>a plow, or set of plows, having a seat for the driver; -- called also <altname>sulky plow</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bugle</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bu"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bugle</ets> buffalo, buffalo's horn, OF. <ets>bugle</ets>, fr. L. <ets>buculus</ets> a young bullock, steer, dim. of <ets>bos</ets> ox. See <er>Cow</er> the animal.]</ety> <def>A sort of wild ox; a buffalo.</def>

<i>E. Phillips.</i>

<h1>Bugle</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bu"gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bugle</er> a wild ox.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A horn used by hunters.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A copper instrument of the horn quality of tone, shorter and more conical that the trumpet, sometimes keyed; formerly much used in military bands, very rarely in the orchestra; now superseded by the cornet; -- called also the <altname>Kent bugle</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bugle</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bu"gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>bugulus</ets> a woman's ornament: cf. G. <ets>b\'81gel</ets> a bent piece of metal or wood, fr. the same root as G. <ets>biegen</ets> to bend, E. <ets>bow</ets> to bend.]</ety> <def>An elingated glass bead, of various colors, though commonly black.</def>

<h1>Bugle</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bu"gle</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bugle</er> a bead.]</ety> <def>Jet black.</def> "<i>Bugle</i> eyeballs."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bugle</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bu"gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bugle</ets>; cf. It. <ets>bugola</ets>, L. <ets>bugillo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Ajuga</i> of the Mint family, a native of the Old World.</def>

<cs><col>Yellow bugle</col>, <cd>the <i>Ajuga cham\'91pitys<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bugled</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bu"gled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ornamented with bugles.</def>

<h1>Bugle horn</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bu"gle horn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bugle.</def>

<blockquote>One blast upon his <b>bugle horn</b>
Were worth a thousand men.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A drinking vessel made of horn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And drinketh of his <b>bugle horn</b> the wine.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bugler</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bu"gler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who plays on a bugle.</def>

<h1>Bugleweed</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bu"gle*weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the Mint family and genus <i>Lycopus</i>; esp. <i>L</i>. <i>Virginicus</i>, which has mild narcotic and astringent properties, and is sometimes used as a remedy for hemorrhage.</def>

<h1>Bugloss</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bu"gloss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Buglosses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>buglosse</ets>, L. <ets>buglossa</ets>, <ets>buglossus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ oxtongue <?/ ox + <?/ tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Anchusa</spn>, and especially the <spn>A. officinalis</spn>, sometimes called <i>alkanet</i>; oxtongue.</def>

<cs><col>Small wild bugloss</col>, <cd>the <spn>Asperugo procumbens</spn> and the <spn>Lycopsis arvensis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Viper's bugloss</col>, <cd>a species of <spn>Echium</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bugwort</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bug"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bugbane.</def>

<h1>Buhl, Buhlwork</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw><hw>Buhl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Buhl"work</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From A.Ch.<ets>Boule</ets>, a French carver in wood.]</ety> <def>Decorative woodwork in which tortoise shell, yellow metal, white metal, etc., are inlaid, forming scrolls, cartouches, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>boule</asp>, <asp>boulework</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Buhlbuhl</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Buhl"buhl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bulbul</er>.</def>

<h1>Buhrstone</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Buhr"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bur</ets> a whetstone for scythes.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A cellular, flinty rock, used for mill stones.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>burrstone</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Build</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Build</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Built</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Building</er>. The regular <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Builded</er> is antiquated.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bulden</ets>, <ets>bilden</ets>, AS. <ets>byldan</ets> to build, fr. <ets>bold</ets> house; cf. Icel. <ets>b\'d3l</ets> farm, abode, Dan. <ets>bol</ets> small farm, OSw. <ets>bol</ets>, <ets>b\'94le</ets>, house, dwelling, fr. root of Icel. <ets>b<?/a</ets> to dwell; akin to E. <ets>be</ets>, <ets>bower</ets>, <ets>boor</ets>. &root;97.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To erect or construct, as an edifice or fabric of any kind; to form by uniting materials into a regular structure; to fabricate; to make; to raise.</def>

<blockquote>Nor aught availed him now
To have <b>built</b> in heaven high towers.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To raise or place on a foundation; to form, establish, or produce by using appropriate means.</def>

<blockquote>Who <b>builds</b> his hopes in air of your good looks.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To increase and strengthen; to increase the power and stability of; to settle, or establish, and preserve; -- frequently with <i>up</i>; <as>as, to <ex>build</ex> up one's constitution</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I commend you to God, and to the word of his grace, which is able to <b>build</b> you up.
<i>Acts xx. 32.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To erect; construct; raise; found; frame.</syn>

<h1>Build</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Build</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To exercise the art, or practice the business, of building.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rest or depend, as on a foundation; to ground one's self or one's hopes or opinions upon something deemed reliable; to rely; <as>as, to <ex>build</ex> on the opinions or advice of others</as>.</def>

<h1>Build</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Build</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Form or mode of construction; general figure; make; <as>as, the <ex>build</ex> of a ship</as>.</def>

<h1>Builder</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Build"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who builds; one whose occupation is to build, as a carpenter, a shipwright, or a mason.</def>

<blockquote>In the practice of civil architecture, the <b>builder</b> comes between the architect who designs the work and the artisans who execute it.
<i>Eng. Cyc.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Building</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Build"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of constructing, erecting, or establishing.</def>

<blockquote>Hence it is that the <b>building</b> of our Sion rises no faster.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The art of constructing edifices, or the practice of civil architecture.</def>

<blockquote>The execution of works of architecture necessarily includes <b>building</b>; but <b>building</b> is frequently employed when the result is not architectural.
<i>Hosking.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is built; a fabric or edifice constructed, as a house, a church, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Thy sumptuous <b>buildings</b> and thy wife's attire
Have cost a mass of public treasury.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Built</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Built</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Shape; build; form of structure; <as>as, the <ex>built</ex> of a ship</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Built</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Built</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed; shaped; constructed; made; -- often used in composition and preceded by the word denoting the form; <as>as, frigate-<ex>built</ex>, clipper-<ex>built</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Like the generality of Genoese countrywomen, strongly <b>built</b>.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buke muslin</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Buke" mus"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Book muslin</er>.</def>

<h1>Bukshish</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Buk"shish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Backsheesh</er>.</def>

<h1>Bulau</h1>
<Xpage=189>

<hw>Bu"lau</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An East Indian insectivorous mammal (<spn>Gymnura Rafflesii</spn>), somewhat like a rat in appearance, but allied to the hedgehog.</def>

<hr>
<page="190">
Page 190<p>

<h1>Bulb</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bulb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bulbus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>bulbe</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A spheroidal body growing from a plant either above or below the ground (usually below), which is strictly a <i>bud</i>, consisting of a cluster of partially developed leaves, and producing, as it grows, a stem above, and roots below, as in the onion, tulip, etc. It differs from a <i>corm</i> in not being solid.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A name given to some parts that resemble in shape certain bulbous roots; <as>as, the <ex>bulb</ex> of the aorta</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Bulb of the eye</col>, <cd>the eyeball.</cd> -- <col>Bulb of a hair</col>, <cd>the "root," or part whence the hair originates.</cd> -- <col>Bulb of the spinal cord</col>, <cd>the <i>medulla oblongata<i>, often called simply <i>bulb<i>.</cd> -- <col>Bulb of a tooth</col>, <cd>the vascular and nervous papilla contained in the cavity of the tooth.</cd></cs>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An expansion or protuberance on a stem or tube, as the bulb of a thermometer, which may be of any form, as spherical, cylindrical, curved, etc.</def>

<i>Tomlinson.</i>

<h1>Bulb</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bulb</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take the shape of a bulb; to swell.</def>

<h1>Bulbaceous</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bul*ba"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bulbaceus</ets>. See <er>Bulb</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Bulbous.</def>

<i>Jonson.</i>

<h1>Bulbar</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bulb"ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to bulb; especially, in medicine, pertaining to the bulb of the spinal cord, or <i>medulla oblongata</i>; <as>as, <ex>bulbar</ex> paralysis</as>.</def>

<h1>Bulbed</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bulbed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a bulb; round-headed.</def>

<h1>Bulbel</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bulb"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim., fr. <ets>bulb</ets>, n.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A separable bulb formed on some flowering plants.</def>

<h1>Bulbiferous</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bul*bif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bulb</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bulbif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing bulbs.</def>

<h1>Bulblet</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bulb"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bulb</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small bulb, either produced on a larger bulb, or on some a\'89rial part of a plant, as in the axils of leaves in the tiger lily, or replacing the flowers in some kinds of onion.</def>

<h1>Bulbose</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bul*bose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bulbous.</def>

<h1>Bulbo-tuber</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bul"bo-tu`ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bulb</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>+ <ets>tuber</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A corm.</def>

<h1>Bulbous</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bulb"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bulbosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bulbeux</ets>. See <er>Bulb</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Having or containing bulbs, or a bulb; growing from bulbs; bulblike in shape or structure.</def>

<h1>Bulbul</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bul"bul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Persian nightingale (<spn>Pycnonotus jocosus</spn>). The name is also applied to several other Asiatic singing birds, of the family <spn>Timaliid\'91</spn>. The green bulbuls belong to the <spn>Chloropsis</spn> and allied genera.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>buhlbuhl</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bulbule</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bul"bule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bulbulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>bulbus</ets>. See <er>Bulb</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A small bulb; a bulblet.</def>

<h1>Bulchin</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bul"chin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>bull</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little bull.</def>

<h1>Bulge</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bulge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bulge</ets> a swelling; cf. AS. <ets>belgan</ets> to swell, OSw. <ets>bulgja</ets>, Icel. <ets>b\'d3lginn</ets> swollen, OHG. <ets>belgan</ets> to swell, G. <ets>bulge</ets> leathern sack, Skr. <ets>b<?/h</ets> to be large, strong; the root meaning <ets>to swell</ets>. Cf. <er>Bilge</er>, <er>Belly</er>, <er>Billow</er>, <er>Bouge</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The bilge or protuberant part of a cask.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A swelling, protuberant part; a bending outward, esp. when caused by pressure; <as>as, a <ex>bulge</ex> in a wall</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The bilge of a vessel. See <er>Bilge</er>, 2.</def>

<cs><col>Bulge ways</col>. <cd><fld>(Naut.)</fld> See <er>Bilge ways</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bulge</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bulge</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bulged</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Bulging</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To swell or jut out; to bend outward, as a wall when it yields to pressure; to be protuberant; <as>as, the wall <ex>bulges</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bilge, as a ship; to founder.</def>

<blockquote>And scattered navies <b>bulge</b> on distant shores.
<i>Broome.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bulgy</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bul"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bulged; bulging; bending, or tending to bend, outward.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Bulimia, Bulimy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bu*lim"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bu"li*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>bulimia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, lit., ox-hunger; <?/ ox + <?/ hunger: cf. F. <ets>boulimie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease in which there is a perpetual and insatiable appetite for food; a diseased and voracious appetite.</def>

<h1>Bulimus</h1>
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<hw>Bu*li"mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bulimus</ets> hunger. See <er>Bulimy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of land snails having an elongated spiral shell, often of large size. The species are numerous ingabundant in tropical America.</def>

<h1>Bulk</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bulk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bulke</ets>, <ets>bolke</ets>, heap; cf. Dan. <ets>bulk</ets> lump, clod, OSw. <ets>bolk</ets> crowd, mass, Icel. <ets>b<?/lkast</ets> to be bulky. Cf. <er>Boll</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Bile</er> a boil, <er>Bulge</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Magnitude of material substance; dimensions; mass; size; <as>as, an ox or ship of great <ex>bulk</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Against these forces there were prepared near one hundred ships; not so great of <b>bulk</b> indeed, but of a more nimble motion, and more serviceable.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The main mass or body; the largest or principal portion; the majority; <as>as, the <ex>bulk</ex> of a debt</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>bulk</b> of the people must labor, Burke told them, "to obtain what by labor can be obtained."
<i>J. Morley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The cargo of a vessel when stowed.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The body.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>My liver leaped within my <b>bulk</b>.
<i>Turbervile.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Barrel bulk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Barrel</er>.</cd> -- <col>To break bulk</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to begin to unload or more the cargo.</cd> -- <col>In bulk</col>, <cd>in a mass; loose; not inclosed in separate packages or divided into separate parts; in such shape that any desired quantity may be taken or sold.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Laden in bulk</col>, <col>Stowed in bulk</col></mcol>, <cd>having the cargo loose in the hold or not inclosed in boxes, bales, or casks.</cd> -- <col>Sale by bulk</col>, <cd>a sale of goods as they are, without weight or measure.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Size; magnitude; dimension; volume; bigness; largeness; massiveness.</syn>

<h1>Bulk</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bulk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bulked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bulking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To appear or seem to be, as to bulk or extent; to swell.</def>

<blockquote>The fame of Warburton possibly <b>bulked</b> larger for the moment.
<i>Leslie Stephen.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bulk</h1>
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<hw>Bulk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>b\'belkr</ets> a beam, partition. Cf. <er>Balk</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>A projecting part of a building.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Here, stand behind this <b>bulk</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bulker</h1>
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<hw>Bulk"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A person employed to ascertain the bulk or size of goods, in order to fix the amount of freight or dues payable on them.</def>

<h1>Bulkhead</h1>
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<hw>Bulk"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bulk</er> part of a building.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A partition in a vessel, to separate apartments on the same deck.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A structure of wood or stone, to resist the pressure of earth or water; a partition wall or structure, as in a mine; the limiting wall along a water front.</def>

<cs><col>Bulked line</col>, <cd>a line beyond which a wharf must not project; -- usually, the harbor line.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bulkiness</h1>
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<hw>Bulk"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Greatness in bulk; size.</def>

<h1>Bulky</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bulk"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of great bulk or dimensions; of great size; large; thick; massive; <as>as, <ex>bulky</ex> volumes</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>bulky</b> digest of the revenue laws.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bull</h1>
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<hw>Bull</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bule</ets>, <ets>bul</ets>, <ets>bole</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bul</ets>, G. <ets>bulle</ets>, Icel. <ets>boli</ets>, Lith. <ets>bullus</ets>, Lett. <ets>bollis</ets>, Russ. <ets>vol'</ets>; prob. fr. the root of AS. <ets>bellan</ets>, E. <ets>bellow</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The male of any species of cattle (<spn>Bovid\'91</spn>); hence, the male of any large quadruped, as the elephant; also, the male of the whale.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>wild bull</i> of the Old Testament is thought to be the oryx, a large species of antelope.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who, or that which, resembles a bull in character or action.</def>

<i>Ps. xxii. 12.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Taurus, the second of the twelve signs of the zodiac.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A constellation of the zodiac between Aries and Gemini. It contains the Pleiades.</def>

<blockquote>At last from Aries rolls the bounteous sun,
And the bright <b>Bull</b> receives him.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>One who operates in expectation of a rise in the price of stocks, or in order to effect such a rise. See 4th <er>Bear</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</def>

<cs><col>Bull baiting</col>, <cd>the practice of baiting bulls, or rendering them furious, as by setting dogs to attack them.</cd> -- <col>John Bull</col>, <cd>a humorous name for the English, collectively; also, an Englishman.</cd>  "Good-looking young <i>John Bull<i>." <i>W. D.Howells</i>. -- <col>To take the bull by the horns</col>, <cd>to grapple with a difficulty instead of avoiding it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bull</h1>
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<hw>Bull</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a bull; resembling a bull; male; large; fierce.</def>

<cs><col>Bull bat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the night hawk; -- so called from the loud noise it makes while feeding on the wing, in the evening.</cd> -- <col>Bull calf</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A stupid fellow.</cd> -- <col>Bull mackerel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chub mackerel.</cd> -- <col>Bull pump</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a direct single-acting pumping engine, in which the steam cylinder is placed above the pump.</cd> -- <col>Bull snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the pine snake of the United States.</cd> -- <col>Bull stag</col>, <cd>a castrated bull. See <er>Stag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bull wheel</col>, <cd>a wheel, or drum, on which a rope is wound for lifting heavy articles, as logs, the tools in well boring, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bull</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bull</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be in heat; to manifest sexual desire as cows do.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Bull</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bull</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>To endeavor to raise the market price of; <as>as, to <ex>bull</ex> railroad bonds; to <i>bull</i> stocks; to <i>bull</i> Lake Shore</as>; to endeavor to raise prices in; <as>as, to <ex>bull</ex> the market</as>. See 1st <er>Bull</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<h1>Bull</h1>
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<hw>Bull</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bulle</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bulla</ets> bubble, stud, knob, LL., a seal or stamp: cf. F. <ets>bulle</ets>. Cf. <er>Bull</er> a writing, <er>Bowl</er> a ball, <er>Boil</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A seal. See <er>Bulla</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A letter, edict, or respect, of the pope, written in Gothic characters on rough parchment, sealed with a bulla, and dated "a die Incarnationis," <it>i. e.</it>, "from the day of the Incarnation."  See <i>Apostolical brief</i>, under <er>Brief</er>.</def>

<blockquote>A fresh <b>bull</b> of Leo's had declared how inflexible the court of Rome was in the point of abuses.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A grotesque blunder in language; an apparent congruity, but real incongruity, of ideas, contained in a form of expression; so called, perhaps, from the apparent incongruity between the dictatorial nature of the pope's <i>bulls</i> and his professions of humility.</def>

<blockquote>And whereas the papist boasts himself to be a Roman Catholic, it is a mere contradiction, one of the pope's <b>bulls</b>, as if he should say universal particular; a Catholic schimatic.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The Golden Bull</col>, <cd>an edict or imperial constitution made by the emperor Charles IV. (1356), containing what became the fundamental law of the German empire; -- so called from its golden seal.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Blunder</er>.</syn>

<h1>Bulla</h1>
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<hw>Bul"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bull\'91</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>bulla</ets> bubble. See <er>Bull</er> an edict.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A bleb; a vesicle, or an elevation of the cuticle, containing a transparent watery fluid.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The ovoid prominence below the opening of the ear in the skulls of many animals; <as>as, the tympanic or auditory <ex>bulla</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A leaden seal for a document; esp. the round leaden seal attached to the papal bulls, which has on one side a representation of St. Peter and St. Paul, and on the other the name of the pope who uses it.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine shells. See <er>Bubble shell</er>.</def>

<h1>Bullace</h1>
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<hw>Bul"lace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bolas</ets>, <ets>bolace</ets>, OF. <ets>beloce</ets>; of Celtic origin; cf. Arm. <ets>bolos</ets>, <ets>polos</ets>, Gael. <ets>bulaistear</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small European plum (<spn>Prunus communis</spn>, var. <spn>insitita</spn>). See <er>Plum</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The bully tree.</def>

<h1>Bullantic</h1>
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<hw>Bul*lan"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bull</er> an edict.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or used in, papal bulls.</def>

<i>Fry.</i>

<cs><col>Bullantic letters</col>, <cd>Gothic letters used in papal bulls.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bullary</h1>
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<hw>Bul"la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>bullarium</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bullairie</ets>. See <er>Bull</er> an edict.]</ety> <def>A collection of papal bulls.</def>

<h1>Bullary</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bul"la*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bullaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. <er>Boilary</er>.]</ety> <def>A place for boiling or preparating salt; a boilery.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<blockquote>And certain salt fats or <b>bullaries</b>.
<i>Bills in Chancery.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bullate</h1>
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<hw>Bul"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bullatus</ets>, fr. <ets>bulla</ets> bubble.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Appearing as if blistered; inflated; puckered.</def>

<cs><col>Bullate leaf</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leaf, the membranous part of which rises between the veins puckered elevations convex on one side and concave on the other.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bullbeggar</h1>
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<hw>Bull"beg`gar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something used or suggested to produce terror, as in children or persons of weak mind; a bugbear.</def>

<blockquote>And being an ill-looked fellow, he has a pension from the church wardens for being <b>bullbeggar</b> to all the forward children in the parish.
<i>Mountfort (1691).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bull brier</h1>
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<hw>Bull" bri`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of Smilax (<spn>S. Pseudo-China</spn>) growing from New Jersey to the Gulf of Mexico, which has very large tuberous and farinaceous rootstocks, formerly used by the Indians for a sort of bread, and by the negroes as an ingredient in making beer; -- called also <altname>bamboo brier</altname> and <altname>China brier</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bullcomber</h1>
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<hw>Bull"comb*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A scaraboid beetle; esp. the <spn>Typh\'91us vulgaris</spn> of Europe.</def>

<h1>Bulldog</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bull"dog`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A variety of dog, of remarkable ferocity, courage, and tenacity of grip; -- so named, probably, from being formerly employed in baiting bulls.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A refractory material used as a furnace lining, obtained by calcining the cinder or slag from the puddling furnace of a rolling mill.</def>

<h1>Bulldog</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bull"dog`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characteristic of, or like, a bulldog; stubborn; <as>as, <ex>bulldog</ex> courage; <ex>bulldog</ex> tenacity.</as></def>

<cs><col>Bulldog bat</col> <fld>(zo'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bat of the genus <spn>Nyctinomus</spn>; -- so called from the shape of its face.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bulldoze</h1>
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<hw>Bull"doze`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bulldozed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr.</tt> & <tt>vb.<tt>n.</tt> <er>Bulldozing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To intimidate; to restrain or coerce by intimidation or violence; -- used originally of the intimidation of negro voters, in Louisiana.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Bulldozer</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bull"do`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bulldozes.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Bulled</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bulled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Boln</er>.]</ety> <def>Swollen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bullen-bullen</h1>
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<hw>Bul"len-bul"len</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native Australian name, from its cry.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lyre bird.</def>

<h1>Bullen-nail</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bul"len-nail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bull</ets> large, having a large head + <ets>nail</ets>.]</ety> <def>A nail with a round head and short shank, tinned and lacquered.</def>

<h1>Bullet</h1>
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<hw>Bul"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>boulet</ets>, dim. of <ets>boule</ets> ball. See <er>Bull</er> an edict, and cf. <er>Boulet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small ball.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A missile, usually of lead, and round or elongated in form, to be discharged from a rifle, musket, pistol, or other small firearm.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A cannon ball.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A ship before Greenwich . . . shot off her ordnance, one piece being charged with a <b>bullet</b> of stone.
<i>Stow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The fetlock of a horse.</def> <note>[See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Horse</er>.]</note>

<h1>Bullet-proof</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bul"let-proof`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of resisting the force of a bullet.</def>

<cs><col>Bullet tree</col>. <cd>See <er>Bully tree</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bullet wood</col>, <cd>the wood of the bullet tree.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bulletin</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bul"le*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bulletin</ets>, fr. It. <ets>bullettino</ets>, dim. of <ets>bulletta</ets>, dim. of <ets>bulla</ets>, <ets>bolla</ets>, an edict of the pope, from L. <ets>bulla</ets> bubble. See <er>Bull</er> an edict.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A brief statement of facts respecting some passing event, as military operations or the health of some distinguished personage, issued by authority for the information of the public.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any public notice or announcement, especially of news recently received.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A periodical publication, especially one containing the proceeding of a society.</def>

<cs><col>Bulletin board</col>, <cd>a board on which announcements are put, particularly at newsrooms, newspaper offices, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bullfaced</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bull"faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a large face.</def>

<h1>Bullfeast</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bull"feast`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bullfight</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bullfight, Bullfighting</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw><hw>Bull"fight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bull"fight`ing</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A barbarous sport, of great antiquity, in which men torment, and fight with, a bull or bulls in an arena, for public amusement, -- still popular in Spain.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bull"fight`er</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Bullfinch</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bull"finch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of the genus <spn>Pyrrhula</spn> and other related genera, especially the <spn>P. vulgaris</spn> or <spn>rubicilla</spn>, a bird of Europe allied to the grosbeak, having the breast, cheeks, and neck, red.</def>

<note>&hand; As a cage bird it is highly valued for its remarkable power of learning to whistle correctly various musical airs.</note>

<cs><col>Crimson-fronted bullfinch</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Burion</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pine bullfinch</col>, <cd>the pine finch.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bullfist, Bullfice</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw><hw>Bull"fist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bull"fice</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>bofist</ets>, AS. <ets>wulfes fist</ets> puffball, E. <ets>fizz</ets>, <ets>foist</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of fungus. See <er>Puffball</er>.</def>

<h1>Bull fly or Bullfly</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw><hw>Bull" fly`</hw> or <hw>Bull"fly`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any large fly troublesome to cattle, as the gadflies and breeze flies.</def>

<h1>Bullfrog</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bull"frog`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very large species of frog (<spn>Rana Catesbiana</spn>), found in North America; -- so named from its loud bellowing in spring.</def>

<h1>Bullhead</h1>
<Xpage=190>

<hw>Bull"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A fresh-water fish of many species, of the genus <spn>Uranidea</spn>, esp. <spn>U. gobio</spn> of Europe, and <spn>U. Richardsoni</spn> of the United States; -- called also <altname>miller's thumb</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In America, several species of <spn>Amiurus</spn>; -- called also <altname>catfish</altname>, <altname>horned pout</altname>, and <altname>bullpout</altname>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A marine fish of the genus <spn>Cottus</spn>; the sculpin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The black-bellied plover (<spn>Squatarola helvetica</spn>); -- called also <altname>beetlehead</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The golden plover.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A stupid fellow; a lubber.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Jonson.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small black water insect.</def>

<i>E. Phillips.</i>

<cs><col>Bullhead whiting</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the kingfish of Florida (<spn>Menticirrus alburnus</spn>).</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="191">
Page 191<p>

<h1>Bullheaded</h1>
<Xpage=191>

<hw>Bull"head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a head like that of a bull. Fig.: Headstrong; obstinate; dogged.</def>

<h1>Bullion</h1>
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<hw>Bul"lion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>bullyon</ets> a hook used for fastening the dress, a button, stud, an embossed ornament of various kinds, <ets>e</ets>.<ets>g</ets>., on the cover of a book, on bridles or poitrels, for purses, for breeches and doublets, LL. <ets>bullio</ets> the swelling of boiling water, a mass of gold or silver, fr. L. <ets>bulla</ets> boss, stud, bubble (see <er>Bull</er> an edict), or perh. corrupted fr. <?/. <ets>billon</ets> base coin, LL. <ets>billio</ets> bullion. Cf. <er>Billon</er>, <er>Billet</er> a stick.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Uncoined gold or silver in the mass.</def>

<note>&hand; Properly, the precious metals are called <i>bullion</i>, when smelted and not perfectly refined, or when refined, but in bars, ingots or in any form uncoined, as in plate. The word is often often used to denote gold and silver, both coined and uncoined, when reckoned by weight and in mass, including especially foreign, or uncurrent, coin.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Base or uncurrent coin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And those which eld's strict doom did disallow,
And damm for <b>bullion</b>, go for current now.
<i>Sylvester.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Showy metallic ornament, as of gold, silver, or copper, on bridles, saddles, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The clasps and <b>bullions</b> were worth a thousand pound.
<i>Skelton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Heavy twisted fringe, made of fine gold or silver wire and used for epaulets; also, any heavy twisted fringe whose cords are prominent.</def>

<h1>Bullionist</h1>
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<hw>Bul"lion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An advocate for a metallic currency, or a paper currency always convertible into gold.</def>

<h1>Bullirag</h1>
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<hw>Bul"li*rag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>bully</ets>,<tt>n.</tt>& v., and <ets>rag</ets> to scold, rail. Cf. <er>Ballarag</er>.]</ety> <def>To intimidate by bullying; to rally contemptuously; to badger.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Bullish</h1>
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<hw>Bull"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Partaking of the nature of a bull, or a blunder.</def>

<blockquote>Let me inform you, a toothless satire is as improper as a toothed sleek stone, and as <b>bullish</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bullist</h1>
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<hw>Bull"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bulliste</ets>. See <er>Bull</er> an edict.]</ety> <def>A writer or drawer up of papal bulls.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Harmar.</i>

<h1>Bullition</h1>
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<hw>Bul*li"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>bullire</ets>, <ets>bullitum</ets>, to boil. See <er>Boil</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>The action of boiling; boiling. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Ebullition</er>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Bull-necked</h1>
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<hw>Bull"-necked`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a short and thick neck like that of a bull.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Bullock</h1>
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<hw>Bul"lock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bulluc</ets> a young bull. See <er>Bull</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A young bull, or any male of the ox kind.</def>

<blockquote>Take thy father's young <b>bullock</b>, even the second <b>bullock</b> of seven years old.
<i>Judges vi. 25.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ox, steer, or stag.</def>

<h1>Bullock</h1>
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<hw>Bul"lock</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She shan't think to <b>bullock</b> and domineer over me.
<i>Foote.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bullock's-eye</h1>
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<hw>Bul"lock's-eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bull's-eye</er>, 3.</def>

<h1>Bullon</h1>
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<hw>Bul"lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A West Indian fish (<spn>Scarus Croicensis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Bullpout</h1>
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<hw>Bull"pout`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bullhead</er>, 1 <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Bull's-eye</h1>
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<hw>Bull's"-eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small circular or oval wooden block without sheaves, having a groove around it and a hole through it, used for connecting rigging.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small round cloud, with a ruddy center, supposed by sailors to portend a storm.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small thick disk of glass inserted in a deck, roof, floor, ship's side, etc., to let in light.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A circular or oval opening for air or light.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A lantern, with a thick glass lens on one side for concentrating the light on any object; also, the lens itself.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Aldebaran, a bright star in the eye of <i>Taurus</i> or the Bull.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Archery & Gun.)</fld> <def>The center of a target.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A thick knob or protuberance left on glass by the end of the pipe through which it was blown.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A small and thick old-fashioned watch.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Bull's-nose</h1>
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<hw>Bull's"-nose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An external angle when obtuse or rounded.</def>

<h1>Bull terrier</h1>
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<hw>Bull" ter"ri*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A breed of dogs obtained by crossing the bulldog and the terrier.</def>

<h1>Bull trout</h1>
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<hw>Bull" trout`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In England, a large salmon trout of several species, as <spn>Salmo trutta</spn> and <spn>S. Cambricus</spn>, which ascend rivers; -- called also <altname>sea trout</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def><spn>Salvelinus malma</spn> of California and Oregon; -- called also <altname>Dolly Varden trout</altname> and <altname>red-spotted trout</altname>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The huso or salmon of the Danube.</def>

<h1>Bullweed</h1>
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<hw>Bull"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bole</ets> a stem + <ets>weed</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Knapweed.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Bullwort</h1>
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<hw>Bull"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bishop's-weed</er>.</def>

<h1>Bully</h1>
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<hw>Bul"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bullies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. LG. <ets>bullerjaan</ets>, <ets>bullerb\'84k</ets>, <ets>bullerbrook</ets>, a blusterer, D. <ets>bulderaar</ets> a bluster, <ets>bulderen</ets> to bluster; prob. of imitative origin; or cf. MHG. <ets>buole</ets> lover, G. <ets>buhle</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A noisy, blustering fellow, more insolent than courageous; one who is threatening and quarrelsome; an insolent, tyrannical fellow.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bullies</b> seldom execute the threats they deal in.
<i>Palmerston.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A brisk, dashing fellow.</def> <mark>[Slang Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bully</h1>
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<hw>Bul"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Jovial and blustering; dashing.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark> "Bless thee, <i>bully</i> doctor."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fine; excellent; <as>as, a <ex>bully</ex> horse</as>.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Bully</h1>
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<hw>Bul"ly</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bullied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bullying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To intimidate with threats and by an overbearing, swaggering demeanor; to act the part of a bully toward.</def>

<blockquote>For the last fortnight there have been prodigious shoals of volunteers gone over to <b>bully</b> the French, upon hearing the peace was just signing.
<i>Tatler.

<syn>Syn. -- To bluster; swagger; hector; domineer.</syn>

<h1>Bully</h1>
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<hw>Bul"ly</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act as a bully.</def>

<h1>Bullyrag</h1>
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<hw>Bul"ly*rag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bullirag</er>.</def>

<h1>Bullyrock</h1>
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<hw>Bul"ly*rock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bully.</def> <mark>[Slang Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bully tree</h1>
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<hw>Bul"ly tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of several West Indian trees of the order <spn>Sapotace\'91</spn>, as <spn>Dipholis nigra</spn> and species of <spn>Sapota</spn> and <spn>Mimusops</spn>. Most of them yield a substance closely resembling gutta-percha.</def>

<h1>Bulrush</h1>
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<hw>Bul"rush`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bulrysche</ets>, <ets>bolroysche</ets>; of uncertain origin, perh. fr. <ets>bole</ets> stem + <ets>rush</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of large rush, growing in wet land or in water.</def>

<note>&hand; The name <i>bulrush</i> is applied in England especially to the cat-tail (<spn>Typha latifolia</spn> and <spn>T. angustifolia</spn>) and to the lake club-rush (<spn>Scirpus lacustris</spn>); in America, to the <spn>Juncus effusus</spn>, and also to species of <spn>Scirpus</spn> or club-rush.</note>

<h1>Bulse</h1>
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<hw>Bulse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A purse or bag in which to carry or measure diamonds, etc.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Bultel</h1>
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<hw>Bul"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>bultellus</ets>. See <er>Bolt</er> to sift.]</ety> <def>A bolter or bolting cloth; also, bran.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bulti</h1>
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<hw>Bul"ti</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Bolty</er>.</def>

<h1>Bultow</h1>
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<hw>Bul"tow`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A trawl; a boulter; the mod<?/ of fishing with a boulter or spiller.</def>

<h1>Bulwark</h1>
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<hw>Bul"wark</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>bolwerk</ets>, G. <ets>bollwerk</ets>, Sw. <ets>bolwerk</ets>, Dan. <ets>bolv\'84rk</ets>, <ets>bulv\'84rk</ets>, rampart; akin to G. <ets>bohle</ets> plank, and <ets>werk</ets> work, defense. See <er>Bole</er> stem, and <er>Work</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Boulevard</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A rampart; a fortification; a bastion or outwork.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which secures against an enemy, or defends from attack; any means of defense or protection.</def>

<blockquote>The royal navy of England hath ever been its greatest defense, . . . the floating <b>bulwark</b> of our island.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The sides of a ship above the upper deck.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Rampart</er>.</syn>

<h1>Bulwark</h1>
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<hw>Bul"wark</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bulwarked</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr.</tt> & <tt>vb</tt>.<tt>n.</tt> <er>Bulwarking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To fortify with, or as with, a rampart or wall; to secure by fortification; to protect.</def>

<blockquote>Of some proud city, <b>bulwarked</b> round and armed
With rising towers.
<i>Glover.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bum</h1>
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<hw>Bum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>bottom</ets> in this sense.]</ety> <def>The buttock.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bum</h1>
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<hw>Bum</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bummed</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr.</tt> & <tt>vb</tt>.<tt>n.</tt> <er>Bumming</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Boom</er>, <tt>v. i.,</tt> to roar.]</ety> <def>To make murmuring or humming sound.</def>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Bum</h1>
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<hw>Bum</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A humming noise.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Bumbailiff</h1>
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<hw>Bum"bail"iff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>bound bailiff</ets>.]</ety> <mark>[Low, Eng.]</mark> <def>See <cref>Bound bailiff</cref>, under <er>Bound</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Bumbard</h1>
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<hw>Bum"bard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Bombard</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bumbarge</h1>
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<hw>Bum"barge`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bumboat</er>.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Bumbast</h1>
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<hw>Bum"bast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Bombast</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bumbelo</h1>
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<hw>Bum"be*lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bumbeloes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[It. <ets>bombola</ets>.]</ety> <def>A glass used in subliming camphor.</def> <altsp>[Spelled also <asp>bombolo</asp> and <asp>bumbolo</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bumble</h1>
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<hw>Bum"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bump</er> to boom.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bittern.</def> <mark>[Local, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Bumble</h1>
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<hw>Bum"ble</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a hollow or humming noise, like that of a bumblebee; to cry as a bittern.</def>

<blockquote>As a bittern <b>bumbleth</b> in the mire.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bumblebee</h1>
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<hw>Bum"ble*bee`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bumblen</ets> to make a humming noise (dim. of <ets>bum</ets>, v.i.) + <ets>bee</ets>. Cf. <er>Humblebee</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large bee of the genus <spn>Bombus</spn>, sometimes called <i>humblebee</i>; -- so named from its sound.</def>

<note>&hand; There are many species. All gather honey, and store it in the empty cocoons after the young have come out.</note>

<h1>Bumboat</h1>
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<hw>Bum"boat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>bum</ets> the buttocks, on account of its clumsy form; or fr. D. <ets>bun</ets> a box for holding fish in a boat.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A clumsy boat, used for conveying provisions, fruit, etc., for sale, to vessels lying in port or off shore.</def>

<h1>Bumkin</h1>
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<hw>Bum"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Boom</ets> a beam + <ets>-kin</ets>. See <er>Bumpkin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A projecting beam or boom; as: <sd>(a)</sd> One projecting from each bow of a vessel, to haul the fore tack to, called a <i>tack bumpkin</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> Onr from each quarter, for the main-brace blocks, and called <i>brace bumpkin</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> A small outrigger over the stern of a boat, to extend the mizzen.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>boomkin</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Bummalo</h1>
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<hw>Bum"ma*lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small marine Asiatic fish (<spn>Saurus ophidon</spn>) used in India as a relish; -- called also <altname>Bombay duck</altname>.</def>

<h1>Bummer</h1>
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<hw>Bum"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An idle, worthless fellow, who is without any visible means of support; a dissipated sponger.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Bummery</h1>
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<hw>Bum"me*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bottomery</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There was a scivener of Wapping brought to hearing for relief against a <b>bummery</b> bond.
<i>R. North.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bump</h1>
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<hw>Bump</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bumped</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bumping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>pwmp</ets> round mass, <ets>pwmpiaw</ets> to thump, bang, and E. <ets>bum</ets>, v.i., <ets>boom</ets> to roar.]</ety> <def>To strike, as with or against anything large or solid; to thump; <as>as, to <ex>bump</ex> the head against a wall</as>.</def>

<h1>Bump</h1>
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<hw>Bump</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To come in violent contact with something; to thump.</def> "<i>Bumping</i> and jumping."

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Bump</h1>
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<hw>Bump</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Bump</er> to strike, to thump.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thump; a heavy blow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A swelling or prominence, resulting from a bump or blow; a protuberance.</def>

<blockquote>It had upon its brow
A <b>bump</b> as big as a young cockerel's stone.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>One of the protuberances on the cranium which are associated with distinct faculties or affections of the mind; <as>as, the <ex>bump</ex> of "veneration;"  the <ex>bump</ex> of  "acquisitiveness."</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of striking the stern of the boat in advance with the prow of the boat following.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Bump</h1>
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<hw>Bump</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Boom</er> to roar.]</ety> <def>To make a loud, heavy, or hollow noise, as the bittern; to boom.</def>

<blockquote>As a bittern <b>bumps</b> within a reed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bump</h1>
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<hw>Bump</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The noise made by the bittern.</def>

<h1>Bumper</h1>
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<hw>Bum"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>bumbard</ets>, <ets>bombard</ets>, a large drinking vessel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cup or glass filled to the brim, or till the liquor runs over, particularly in drinking a health or toast.</def>

<blockquote>He frothed his <b>bumpers</b> to the brim.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A covered house at a theater, etc., in honor of some favorite performer.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<h1>Bumper</h1>
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<hw>Bump"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which bumps or causes a bump.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything which resists or deadens a bump or shock; a buffer.</def>

<h1>Bumpkin</h1>
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<hw>Bump"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The same word as <ets>bumkin</ets>, which Cotgrave defines thus: "<ets>Bumkin</ets>, Fr. chicambault, the luffe-block, a long and thick piece of wood, whereunto the fore-sayle and sprit-sayle are fastened, when a ship goes by the winde." Hence, a clumsy man may easily have been compared to such a block of wood; cf. OD. <ets>boomken</ets> a little tree. See <er>Boom</er> a pole.]</ety> <def>An awkward, heavy country fellow; a clown; a country lout.</def> "Bashful country <i>bumpkins</i>."

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<h1>Bumptious</h1>
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<hw>Bump"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Self-conceited; forward; pushing.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Bumptiousness</h1>
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<hw>Bump"tious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Conceitedness.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Bun, Bunn</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bun</hw>, <hw>Bunn</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>bun</ets>, <ets>bunn</ets>, OE. <ets>bunne</ets>, <ets>bonne</ets>; fr. Celtic; cf. Ir. <ets>bunna</ets>, Gael. <ets>bonnach</ets>, or OF. <ets>bugne</ets> tumor, Prov. F. <ets>bugne</ets> a kind of pancake; akin to OHG. <ets>bungo</ets> bulb, MHG. <ets>bunge</ets>, Prov. E. <ets>bung</ets> heap, cluster, <ets>bunny</ets> a small swelling.]</ety> <def>A slightly sweetened raised cake or bisquit with a glazing of sugar and milk on the top crust.</def>

<h1>Bunch</h1>
<Xpage=191>

<hw>Bunch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to OSw. & Dan. <ets>bunke</ets> heap, Icel. <ets>bunki</ets> heap, pile, <ets>bunga</ets> tumor, protuberance; cf. W. <ets>pwng</ets> cluster. Cf. <er>Bunk</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A protuberance; a hunch; a knob or lump; a hump.</def>

<blockquote>They will carry . . . their treasures upon the <b>bunches</b> of camels.
<i>Isa. xxx. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collection, cluster, or tuft, properly of things of the same kind, growing or fastened together; <as>as, a <ex>bunch</ex> of grapes; a <ex>bunch</ex> of keys.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A small isolated mass of ore, as distinguished from a continuous vein.</def>

<i>Page.</i>

<h1>Bunch</h1>
<Xpage=191>

<hw>Bunch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.<tt> <er>Bunched<tt>er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb.n<tt>. <er>Bunching<tt>er>.]</wordforms> <def>To swell out into a bunch or protuberance; to be protuberant or round.</def>

<blockquote><b>Bunching</b> out into a large round knob at one end.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bunch</h1>
<Xpage=191>

<hw>Bunch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form into a bunch or bunches.</def>

<h1>Bunch-backed</h1>
<Xpage=191>

<hw>Bunch"-backed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a bunch on the back; crooked.</def> "<i>Bunch-backed</i> toad."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bunchberry</h1>
<Xpage=191>

<hw>Bunch"ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The dwarf cornel (<spn>Cornus Canadensis</spn>), which bears a dense cluster of bright red, edible berries.</def>

<h1>Bunch grass</h1>
<Xpage=191>

<hw>Bunch" grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A grass growing in bunches and affording pasture. In California, <spn>Atropis tenuifolia</spn>, <spn>Festuca scabrella</spn>, and several kinds of <spn>Stipa</spn> are favorite bunch grasses. In Utah, <spn>Eriocoma cuspidata</spn> is a good bunch grass.</def>

<h1>Bunchiness</h1>
<Xpage=191>

<hw>Bunch"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being bunchy; knobbiness.</def>

<h1>Bunchy</h1>
<Xpage=191>

<hw>Bunch"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Swelling out in bunches.</def>

<blockquote>An unshapen, <b>bunchy</b> spear, with bark unpiled.
<i>Phaer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Growing in bunches, or resembling a bunch; having tufts; <as>as, the bird's <ex>bunchy</ex> tail</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Yielding irregularly; sometimes rich, sometimes poor; <as>as, a <ex>bunchy</ex> mine</as>.</def>

<i>Page.</i>

<h1>Buncombe, Bunkum</h1>
<Xpage=191>

<hw><hw>Bun"combe</hw>, <hw>Bun"kum</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Buncombe</ets> a country of North Carolina.]</ety> <def>Speech-making for the gratification of constituents, or to gain public applause; flattering talk for a selfish purpose; anything said for mere show.</def> <mark>[Cant or Slang, U.S.]</mark>

<blockquote>All that flourish about right of search was <b>bunkum</b> -- all that brag about hanging your Canada sheriff was <b>bunkum</b> . . . slavery speeches are all <b>bunkum</b>.
<i>Haliburton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To speak for Buncombe</col>, <cd>to speak for mere show, or popularly.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; "The phrase originated near the close of the debate on the famous 'Missouri Question,' in the 16th Congress. It was then used by Felix Walker -- a <i>na\'8bve</i> old mountaineer, who resided at Waynesville, in Haywood, the most western country of North Carolina, near the border of the adjacent country of <i>Buncombe</i>, which formed part of his district. The old man rose to speak, while the house was impatiently calling for the '<i>Question</i>,' and several members gathered round him, begging him to desist. He preserved, however, for a while, declaring that the people of his district expected it, and that he was bound to 'make a speech for <i>Buncombe</i>.'"</note>

<i>W. Darlington.</i>

<h1>Bund</h1>
<Xpage=191>

<hw>Bund</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <def>League; confederacy; esp. the confederation of German states.</def>

<h1>Bund</h1>
<Xpage=191>

<hw>Bund</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hindi <ets>band</ets>.]</ety> <def>An embankment against inundation.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<i>S. Wells Williams.</i>

<h1>Bunder</h1>
<Xpage=191>

<hw>Bun"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pers. <ets>bandar</ets> a landing place, pier.]</ety> <def>A boat or raft used in the East Indies in the landing of passengers and goods.</def>

<hr>
<page="192">
Page 192<p>

<h1>Bundesrath</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"des*rath`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., from <ets>bund</ets> (akin to E. <ets>bond</ets>) confederacy + <ets>rath</ets> council, prob. akin to E. <ets>read</ets>.]</ety> <def>The federal council of the German Empire. In the Bundesrath and the Reichstag are vested the legislative functions. The federal council of Switzerland is also so called.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>Bundesrath</i> of the German empire is presided over by a chancellor, and is composed of sixty-two members, who represent the different states of the empire, being appointed for each session by their respective governments.</note>

<blockquote>By this united congress, the highest tribunal of Switzerland, -- the <b>Bundesrath</b> -- is chosen, and the head of this is a president.
<i>J. P. Peters (Trans. M\'81ller's Pol. Hist. ).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bundle</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bundel</ets>, AS. <ets>byndel</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bondel</ets>, <ets>bundel</ets>, G. <ets>b\'81ndel</ets>, dim. of <ets>bund</ets> bundle, fr. the root of E. <ets>bind</ets>. See <er>Bind</er>.]</ety> <def>A number of things bound together, as by a cord or envelope, into a mass or package convenient for handling or conveyance; a loose package; a roll; <as>as, a <ex>bundle</ex> of straw or of paper; a <ex>bundle</ex> of old clothes.</as></def>

<blockquote>The fable of the rods, which, when united in a <b>bundle</b>, no strength could bend.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bundle pillar</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a column or pier, with others of small dimensions attached to it.</cd>  <i>Weale.</i></cs>

<h1>Bundle</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.<tt>pos> <er>Bundled<er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr.<tt> & vb.n<tt>. <er>Bundling</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To tie or bind in a bundle or roll.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To send off abruptly or without ceremony.</def>

<blockquote>They unmercifully <b>bundled</b> me and my gallant second into our own hackney coach.
<i>T. Hook.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To bundle off</col>, <cd>to send off in a hurry, or without ceremony.</cd> -- <col>To bundle one's self up</col>, <cd>to wrap one's self up warmly or cumbrously.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bundle</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"dle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To prepare for departure; to set off in a hurry or without ceremony.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sleep on the same bed without undressing; -- applied to the custom of a man and woman, especially lovers, thus sleeping.</def>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<blockquote>Van Corlear stopped occasionally in the villages to eat pumpkin pies, dance at country frolics, and <b>bundle</b> with the Yankee lasses.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bung</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bung</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>bwng</ets> orfice, bunghole, Ir. <ets>buinne</ets> tap, spout, OGael. <ets>buine</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The large stopper of the orifice in the bilge of a cask.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>The orifice in the bilge of a cask through which it is filled; bunghole.</def>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>A sharper or pickpocket.</def> <mark>[Obs. & Low]</mark>

<blockquote>You filthy <b>bung</b>, away.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bung</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bung</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bunged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bunging</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To stop, as the orifice in the bilge of a cask, with a bung; to close; -- with <i>up</i>.</def>

<cs><col>To bung up</col>, <cd>to use up, as by bruising or over exertion; to exhaust or incapacitate for action.</cd> <mark>[Low]</mark></cs>

<blockquote>He had <b>bunged up</b> his mouth that he should not have spoken these three years.
<i>Shelton (Trans. Don Quixote).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bungalow</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"ga*low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Bengalee <ets>b\'bengl\'be</ets>]</ety> <def>A thatched or tiled house or cottage, of a single story, usually surrounded by a veranda.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Bungarum</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"ga*rum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>  <ety>[<ets>Bungar</ets>, the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A venomous snake of India, of the genus <spn>Bungarus</spn>, allied to the cobras, but without a hood.</def>

<h1>Bunghole</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bung"hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bung</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bungle</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bungled</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Bungling</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. a diminutive from, akin to <ets>bang</ets>; cf. Prov. G. <ets>bungen</ets> to beat, bang, OSw. <ets>bunga</ets>. See <er>Bang</er>.]</ety> <def>To act or work in a clumsy, awkward manner.</def>

<h1>Bungle</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"gle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make or mend clumsily; to manage awkwardly; to botch; -- sometimes with <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote>I always had an idea that it would be <b>bungled</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bungle</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A clumsy or awkward performance; a botch; a gross blunder.</def>

<blockquote>Those errors and <b>bungles</b> which are committed.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bungler</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"gler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A clumsy, awkward workman; one who bungles.</def>

<blockquote>If to be a dunce or a <b>bungler</b> in any profession be shameful, how much more ignominious and infamous to a scholar to be such!
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bungling</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"gling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unskillful; awkward; clumsy; <as>as, a <ex>bungling</ex> workman</as>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<blockquote>They make but <b>bungling</b> work.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bunglingly</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"gling*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Clumsily; awkwardly.</def>

<h1>Bungo</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A kind of canoe used in Central and South America; also, a kind of boat used in the Southern United States.</def>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Bunion</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Bunyon</er>.</def>

<h1>Bunk</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bunk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OSw. <ets>bunke</ets> heap, also boaring, flooring. Cf. <er>Bunch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wooden case or box, which serves for a seat in the daytime and for a bed at night.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of a series of berths or bed places in tiers.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A piece of wood placed on a lumberman's sled to sustain the end of heavy timbers.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Bunk</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bunk</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bunked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bunking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To go to bed in a bunk; -- sometimes with <i>in</i>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Bunker</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"ker</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>bunker</ets>, <ets>bunkart</ets>, a bench, or low chest, serving for a seat. Cf. <er>Bunk</er>, <er>Bank</er>, <er>Bench</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A sort of chest or box, as in a window, the lid of which serves for a seat.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A large bin or similar receptacle; <as>as, a coal <ex>bunker</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Bunko</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"ko</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sf. Sp. <ets>banco</ets> bank, <ets>banca</ets> a sort of game at cards. Cf. <er>Bank</er> (in the commercial sense).]</ety> <def>A kind of swindling game or scheme, by means of cards or by a sham lottery.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bunco</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Bunko steerer</col>, <cd>a person employed as a decoy in bunko. <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Bunkum</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"kum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Buncombe</er>.</def>

<h1>Bunn</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bunn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bun</er>.</def>

<h1>Bunnian</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"nian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bunyon</er>.</def>

<h1>Bunny</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A great collection of ore without any vein coming into it or going out from it.</def>

<h1>Bunny</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"ny</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pet name for a rabbit or a squirrel.</def>

<h1>Bunodonta, Bunodonts</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw><hw>Bu`no*don"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bu"no*donts</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>bunodonta</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ hill, heap + <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of the herbivorous mammals including the hogs and hippopotami; -- so called because the teeth are tuberculated.</def>

<h1>Bunsen's battery, Bunsen's burner</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw><hw>Bun"sen's bat"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bun"sen's burn`er</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Battery</er>, and <er>Burner</er>.</def>

<h1>Bunt</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bunt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fungus (<spn>Ustilago f\'d2tida</spn>) which affects the ear of cereals, filling the grains with a fetid dust; -- also called <i>pepperbrand</i>.</def>

<h1>Bunt</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bunt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>bunt</ets> bundle, Dan. <ets>bundt</ets>, G. <ets>bund</ets>, E. <ets>bundle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The middle part, cavity, or belly of a sail; the part of a furled sail which is at the center of the yard.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Bunt</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bunt</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To swell out; <as>as, the sail <ex>bunts</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Bunt</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bunt</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To strike or push with the horns or head; to butt; <as>as, the ram <ex>bunted</ex> the boy</as>.</def>

<h1>Bunter</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who picks up rags in the streets; hence, a low, vulgar woman.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<blockquote>Her . . . daughters, like <b>bunters</b> in stuff gowns.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bunting</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bun"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>buntlin</ets>, <ets>corn-buntlin</ets>, OE. <ets>bunting</ets>, <ets>buntyle</ets>; of unknown origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of the genus <i>Emberiza</i>, or of an allied genus, related to the finches and sparrows (family <i>Fringillid\'91</i>).</def>

<note>&hand; Among European species are the common or corn bunting (<spn>Emberiza miliaria</spn>); the ortolan (<spn>E. hortulana</spn>); the cirl (<spn>E. cirlus</spn>); and the black-headed (<spn>Granitivora melanocephala</spn>). American species are the bay-winged or grass (<spn>Po\'94c\'91tes or Po\'d2cetes gramineus</spn>); the black-throated (<spn>Spiza Americana</spn>); the towhee bunting or chewink (<spn>Pipilo</spn>); the snow bunting (<spn>Plectrophanax nivalis</spn>); the rice bunting or bobolink, and others. See <er>Ortolan</er>, <er>Chewick</er>, <er>Snow bunting</er>, <er>Lark bunting</er>.</note>

<h1>Bunting, Buntine</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw><hw>Bun"ting</hw>, <hw>Bun"tine</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>bunting</ets> sifting flour, OE. <ets>bonten</ets> to sift, hence prob. the material used for that purpose.]</ety> <def>A thin woolen stuff, used chiefly for flags, colors, and ships' signals.</def>

<h1>Buntline</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bunt"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[2d <ets>bunt + line</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of the ropes toggled to the footrope of a sail, used to haul up to the yard the body of the sail when taking it in.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Bunyon, Bunion</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw><hw>Bun"yon</hw>, <hw>Bun"ion</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E. <ets>bunny</ets> a small swelling, fr. OF. <ets>bugne</ets>, It. <ets>bugna</ets>, <ets>bugnone</ets>. See <er>Bun</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An enlargement and inflammation of a small membranous sac (one of the <i>burs\'91 muscos\'91</i>), usually occurring on the first joint of the great toe.</def>

<h1>Buoy</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Buoy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>boei</ets> buoy, fetter, fr. OF. <ets>boie</ets>, <ets>buie</ets>, chain, fetter, F. <ets>bou\'82e</ets> a buoy, from L. <ets>boia</ets>. "<ets>Boiae</ets> genus vinculorum tam ferreae quam ligneae." <ets>Festus</ets>. So called because chained to its place.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A float; esp. a floating object moored to the bottom, to mark a channel or to point out the position of something beneath the water, as an anchor, shoal, rock, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Anchor buoy</col>, <cd>a buoy attached to, or marking the position of, an anchor.</cd> -- <col>Bell buoy</col>, <cd>a large buoy on which a bell is mounted, to be rung by the motion of the waves.</cd> -- <col>Breeches buoy</col>. <cd>See under <er>Breeches</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cable buoy</col>, <cd>an empty cask employed to buoy up the cable in rocky anchorage.</cd> -- <col>Can buoy</col>, <cd>a hollow buoy made of sheet or boiler iron, usually conical or pear-shaped.</cd> -- <col>Life buoy</col>, <cd>a float intended to support persons who have fallen into the water, until a boat can be dispatched to save them.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Nut</col> &or; <col>Nun buoy</col></mcol>, <cd>a buoy large in the middle, and tapering nearly to a point at each end.</cd> -- <col>To stream the buoy</col>, <cd>to let the anchor buoy fall by the ship's side into the water, before letting go the anchor.</cd> -- <col>Whistling buoy</col>, <cd>a buoy fitted with a whistle that is blown by the action of the waves.</cd></cs>

<h1>Buoy</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Buoy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Buoyed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Buoying</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To keep from sinking in a fluid, as in water or air; to keep afloat; -- with <i>up</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To support or sustain; to preserve from sinking into ruin or despondency.</def>

<blockquote>Those old prejudices, which <b>buoy</b> up the ponderous mass of his nobility, wealth, and title.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fix buoys to; to mark by a buoy or by buoys; <as>as, to <ex>buoy</ex> an anchor; to <ex>buoy</ex> or <ex>buoy off</ex> a channel.</as></def>

<blockquote>Not one rock near the surface was discovered which was not <b>buoyed</b> by this floating weed.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buoy</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Buoy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To float; to rise like a buoy.</def> "Rising merit will <i>buoy</i> up at last."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Buoyage</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Buoy"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Buoys, taken collectively; a series of buoys, as for the guidance of vessels into or out of port; the providing of buoys.</def>

<h1>Buoyance</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Buoy"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Buoyancy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Buoyancy</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Buoy"an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Buoyancies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The property of floating on the surface of a liquid, or in a fluid, as in the atmosphere; specific lightness, which is inversely as the weight compared with that of an equal volume of water.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The upward pressure exerted upon a floating body by a fluid, which is equal to the weight of the body; hence, also, the weight of a floating body, as measured by the volume of fluid displaced.</def>

<blockquote>Such are <b>buoyancies</b> or displacements of the different classes of her majesty's ships.
<i>Eng. Cyc.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Cheerfulness; vivacity; liveliness; sprightliness; -- the opposite of <ant>heaviness</ant>; <as>as, <ex>buoyancy</ex> of spirits</as>.</def>

<h1>Buoyant</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Buoy"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Buoy</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> & <ets>i</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the quality of rising or floating in a fluid; tending to rise or float; <as>as, iron is <ex>buoyant</ex> in mercury</as>.</def> "<i>Buoyant</i> on the flood."

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bearing up, as a fluid; sustaining another body by being specifically heavier.</def>

<blockquote>The water under me was <b>buoyant</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Light-hearted; vivacious; cheerful; <as>as, a <ex>buoyant</ex> disposition; <ex>buoyant</ex> spirits.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Buoy"ant*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Buprestidan</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bu*pres"ti*dan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>buprestis</ets>, Gr. <?/, a poisonous beetle, which, being eaten by cattle in the grass, caused them to swell up and and die; <?/ ox, cow + <?/ to blow up, swell out.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a tribe of beetles, of the genus <spn>Buprestis</spn> and allied genera, usually with brilliant metallic colors. The larv\'91 are usually bores in timber, or beneath bark, and are often very destructive to trees.</def>

<h1>Bur, Burr</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw><hw>Bur</hw>, <hw>Burr</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>burre</ets> burdock; cf. Dan. <ets>borre</ets>, OSw. <ets>borra</ets>, burdock, thistle; perh. akin to E. <ets>bristle</ets> (<ets>burr-</ets> for <ets>burz-</ets>), or perh. to F. <ets>bourre</ets> hair, wool, stuff; also, according to Cotgrave, "the downe, or hairie coat, wherewith divers herbes, fruits, and flowers, are covered," fr. L. <ets>burrae</ets> trifles, LL. <ets>reburrus</ets> rough.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any rough or prickly envelope of the seeds of plants, whether a pericarp, a persistent calyx, or an involucre, as of the chestnut and burdock. Also, any weed which bears burs.</def>

<blockquote>Amongst rude <b>burs</b> and thistles.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Bur</b> and brake and brier.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thin ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal. See <er>Burr</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A ring of iron on a lance or spear. See <er>Burr</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The lobe of the ear. See <er>Burr</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The sweetbread.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A clinker; a partially vitrified brick.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small circular saw.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A triangular chisel.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A drill with a serrated head larger than the shank; -- used by dentists.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <ety>[Cf. Gael. <ets>borr</ets>, <ets>borra</ets>, a knob, bunch.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The round knob of an antler next to a deer's head.</def> <altsp>[Commonly written <asp>burr</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Bur oak</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a useful and ornamental species of oak (<spn>Quercus macrocarpa</spn>) with ovoid acorns inclosed in deep cups imbricated with pointed scales. It grows in the Middle and Western United States, and its wood is tough, close-grained, and durable.</cd> -- <col>Bur reed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Sparganium</spn>, having long ribbonlike leaves.</cd></cs>

<h1>Burbolt</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bur"bolt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A birdbolt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Burbot</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bur"bot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>barbote</ets>, fr. <ets>barbe</ets> beard. See 1st <er>Barb</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fresh-water fish of the genus <i>Lota</i>, having on the nose two very small barbels, and a larger one on the chin.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>burbolt</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; The fish is also called an <i>eelpout</i> or <i>ling</i>, and is allied to the codfish. The <i>Lota vulgaris</i> is a common European species. An American species (<spn>L. maculosa</spn>) is found in New England, the Great Lakes, and farther north.</note>

<h1>Burdelais</h1>
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<hw>Bur`de*lais"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bourdelais</ets>, prob. fr. <ets>bordelais</ets>. See <er>Bordelais</er>.]</ety> <def>A sort of grape.</def>

<i>Jonson.</i>

<h1>Burden</h1>
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<hw>Bur"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <ets>burthen</ets>.]</altsp> <ety>[OE. <ets>burden</ets>, <ets>burthen</ets>, <ets>birthen</ets>, <ets>birden</ets>, AS. <ets>byr&edh;en</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>byr&edh;i</ets>, Dan. <ets>byrde</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'94rda</ets>, G. <ets>b\'81rde</ets>, OHG. <ets>burdi</ets>, Goth. <ets>ba\'a3r<?/ei</ets>, fr. the root of E. <ets>bear</ets>, AS. <ets>beran</ets>, Goth. <ets>bairan</ets>. \'fb92. See 1st <er>Bear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is borne or carried; a load.</def>

<blockquote>Plants with goodly <b>burden</b> bowing.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is borne with labor or difficulty; that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive.</def>

<blockquote>Deaf, giddy, helpless, left alone,
To all my friends a <b>burden</b> grown.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The capacity of a vessel, or the weight of cargo that she will carry; <as>as, a ship of a hundred tons <ex>burden</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The tops or heads of stream-work which lie over the stream of tin.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The proportion of ore and flux to fuel, in the charge of a blast furnace.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A fixed quantity of certain commodities; <as>as, a <ex>burden</ex> of gad steel, 120 pounds</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A birth.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Beast of burden</col>, <cd>an animal employed in carrying burdens.</cd> -- <col>Burden of proof</col> <ety>[L. <ets>onus probandi<ets>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the duty of proving a particular position in a court of law, a failure in the performance of which duty calls for judgment against the party on whom the duty is imposed.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Burden</er>, <er>Load</er>.</syn> <usage> A <i>burden</i> is, in the literal sense, a weight to be borne; a <i>load</i> is something <i>laid</i> upon us to be carried. Hence, when used figuratively, there is usually a difference between the two words. Our <i>burdens</i> may be of such a nature that we feel bound to bear them cheerfully or without complaint. They may arise from the nature of our situation; they may be allotments of Providence; they may be the consequences of our errors. What is upon us, as a <i>load</i>, we commonly carry with greater reluctance or sense of oppression. Men often find the charge of their own families to be a <i>burden</i>; but if to this be added a <i>load</i> of care for others, the pressure is usually serve and irksome.</usage>

<h1>Burden</h1>
<Xpage=192>

<hw>Bur"den</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Burdened</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Burdening</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To encumber with weight (literal or figurative); to lay a heavy load upon; to load.</def>

<blockquote>I mean not that other men be eased, and ye <b>burdened</b>.
<i>2 Cor. viii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To oppress with anything grievous or trying; to overload; <as>as, to <ex>burden</ex> a nation with taxes</as>.</def>

<blockquote>My <b>burdened</b> heart would break.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To impose, as a load or burden; to lay or place as a burden (something heavy or objectionable).</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>It is absurd to <b>burden</b> this act on Cromwell.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To load; encumber; overload; oppress.</syn>

<hr>
<page="193">
Page 193<p>

<h1>Burden</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Bur"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>burdoun</ets> the bass in music, F. <ets>bourdon</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>burdo</ets> drone, a long organ pipe, a staff, a mule. Prob. of imitative origin. Cf. <er>Bourdon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The verse repeated in a song, or the return of the theme at the end of each stanza; the chorus; refrain. Hence: That which is often repeated or which is dwelt upon; the main topic; <as>as, the <ex>burden</ex> of a prayer</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I would sing my song without a <b>burden</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The drone of a bagpipe.</def>

<i>Ruddiman.</i>

<h1>Burden</h1>
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<hw>Bur"den</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Burdon</er>.]</ety> <def>A club.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Burdener</h1>
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<hw>Bur"den*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who loads; a oppressor.</def>

<h1>Burdenous</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Bur"den*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Burdensome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Burdenous</i> taxations."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Burdensome</h1>
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<hw>Bur"den*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Grievous to be borne; causing uneasiness or fatigue; oppressive.</def>

<blockquote>The debt immense of endless gratitude
So <b>burdensome</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Heavy; weighty; cumbersome; onerous; grievous; oppressive; troublesome.</syn>

--  <wordforms><wf>Bur"den*some*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Bur"den*some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Burdock</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Bur"dock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bur</ets> + <ets>dock</ets> the plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of coarse biennial herbs (<spn>Lappa</spn>), bearing small burs which adhere tenaciously to clothes, or to the fur or wool of animals.</def>

<note>&hand; The common <i>burdock</i> is the <spn>Lappa officinalis</spn>.</note>

<h1>Burdon</h1>
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<hw>Bur"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bourdon</er>.]</ety> <def>A pilgrim's staff.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>burden</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Bureau</h1>
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<hw>Bu"reau</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Bureaus</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, F. <plw>Bureaux</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>bureau</ets> a writing table, desk, office, OF., drugget, with which a writing table was often covered, equiv. to F. <ets>bure</ets>, and fr. OF. <ets>buire</ets> dark brown, the stuff being named from its color, fr. L. <ets>burrus</ets> red, fr. Gr. <?/ flame-colored, prob. fr. <?/ fire. See <er>Fire</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Borel</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, a desk or writing table with drawers for papers.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The place where such a bureau is used; an office where business requiring writing is transacted.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: A department of public business requiring a force of clerks; the body of officials in a department who labor under the direction of a chief.</def>

<note>&hand; On the continent of Europe, the highest departments, in most countries, have the name of <i>bureaux</i>; as, the <i>Bureau</i> of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. In England and America, the term is confined to inferior and subordinate departments; as, the "Pension <i>Bureau</i>," a subdepartment of the Department of the Interior. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> In Spanish, <i>bureo</i> denotes a court of justice for the trial of persons belonging to the king's household.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A chest of drawers for clothes, especially when made as an ornamental piece of furniture.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Bureau system</col>. <cd>See <er>Bureaucracy</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bureau Veritas</col>, <cd>an institution, in the interest of maritime underwriters, for the survey and rating of vessels all over the world. It was founded in Belgium in 1828, removed to Paris in 1830, and re\'89stablished in Brussels in 1870.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bureaucracy</h1>
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<hw>Bu*reau"cra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Bureau</ets> + Gr. <?/ to be strong, to govern, <?/ strength: cf. F. <ets>bureaucratie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A system of carrying on the business of government by means of departments or bureaus, each under the control of a chief, in contradiction to a system in which the officers of government have an associated authority and responsibility; also, government conducted on this system.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Government officials, collectively.</def>

<h1>Bureaucrat</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Bu*reau"crat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An official of a bureau; esp. an official confirmed in a narrow and arbitrary routine.</def>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Bureaucratic, Bureaucratical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bu`reau*crat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Bu`reau*crat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bureaucratique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, relating to, or resembling, a bureaucracy.</def>

<h1>Bureaucratist</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Bu*reau"cra*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An advocate for , or supporter of, bureaucracy.</def>

<h1>Burel</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Bur"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Borrel</er>.</def>

<h1>Burette</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Bu*rette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., can, cruet, dim. of <ets>buire</ets> flagon.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for delivering measured quantities of liquid or for measuring the quantity of liquid or gas received or discharged. It consists essentially of a graduated glass tube, usually furnished with a small aperture and stopcock.</def>

<h1>Bur fish</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Bur" fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spinose, plectognath fish of the Allantic coast of the United States (esp. <spn>Chilo mycterus geometricus</spn>) having the power of distending its body with water or air, so as to resemble a chestnut bur; -- called also <altname>ball fish</altname>, <altname>balloon fish</altname>, and <altname>swellfish</altname>.</def>

<h1>Burg</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Burg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>burh</ets>, <ets>burg</ets>, cf. LL. <ets>burgus</ets>. See 1st <er>Borough</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fortified town.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A borough.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> See 1st <er>Borough</er>.

<h1>Burgage</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Burg"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Burg</er>: cf. F. <ets>bourgage</ets>, LL. <ets>burgagium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A tenure by which houses or lands are held of the king or other lord of a borough or city; at a certain yearly rent, or by services relating to trade or handicraft.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Burgall</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Bur"gall</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small marine fish; -- also called <i>cunner</i>.</def>

<h1>Burgamot</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Bur"ga*mot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bergamot</er>.</def>

<h1>Burganet</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Bur"ga*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Burgonet</er>.</def>

<h1>Burgee</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Bur"gee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of small coat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A swallow-tailed flag; a distinguishing pen<?/ant, used by cutters, yachts, and merchant vessels.</def>

<h1>Burgeois</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Bur*geois"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>See 1st <er>Bourgeous</er>.</def>

<h1>Burgeois</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Bur*geois"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A burgess; a citizen. See 2d <er>Bourgeois</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Burgeon</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Bur"geon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To bud. See <er>Bourgeon</er>.</def>

<h1>Burgess</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Bur"gess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>burgeis</ets>, OF. <ets>burgeis</ets>, fr. <ets>burc</ets>fortified town, town, F. <ets>bourg</ets> village, fr. LL. <ets>burgus</ets> fort, city; from the German; cf. MHG. <ets>burc</ets>, G. <ets>burg</ets>. See 1st <er>Borough</er>, and cf. 2d <er>Bourgeois</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inhabitant of a borough or walled town, or one who possesses a tenement therein; a citizen or freeman of a borough.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<note>&hand; "A <i>burgess</i> of a borough corresponds with a citizen of a city."</note>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who represents a borough in Parliament.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A magistrate of a borough.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An inhabitant of a Scotch burgh qualified to vote for municipal officers.</def>

<note>&hand; Before the Revolution, the representatives in the popular branch of the legislature of Virginia were called <i>burgesses</i>; they are now called <i>delegates</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Burgess oath</col>. <cd>See <er>Burgher</er>, 2.</cd></cs>

<h1>Burgess-ship</h1>
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<hw>Bur"gess-ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of privilege of a burgess.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Burggrave</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Burg"grave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>burggraf</ets>; <ets>burg</ets> fortress + <ets>graf</ets> count: cf. D. <ets>burggraaf</ets>, F. <ets>burgrave</ets>. See <er>Margrave</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gremany)</fld> <def>Originally, one appointed to the command of a <i>burg</i> (fortress or castle); but the title afterward became hereditary, with a domain attached.</def>

<h1>Burgh</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Burgh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. See <er>Burg</er>.]</ety> <def>A borough or incorporated town, especially, one in Scotland. See <er>Borough</er>.</def>

<h1>Burghal</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Burgh"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging of a burgh.</def>

<h1>Burghbote</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Burgh"bote`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Burgh</ets> + <ets>bote</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>A contribution toward the building or repairing of castles or walls for the defense of a city or town.</def>

<h1>Burghbrech</h1>
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<hw>Burgh"brech`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Burgh</ets> + F. <ets>br\'8ache</ets>, equiv. to E. <ets>breach</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(AS. Law)</fld> <def>The offense of violating the pledge given by every inhabitant of a tithing to keep the peace; breach of the peace.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Burgher</h1>
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<hw>Burgh"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>burgh</ets>; akin to D. <ets>burger</ets>, G. <ets>b\'81rger</ets>, Dan. <ets>borger</ets>, Sw. <ets>borgare</ets>. See <er>Burgh</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A freeman of a burgh or borough, entitled to enjoy the privileges of the place; any inhabitant of a borough.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A member of that party, among the Scotch seceders, which asserted the lawfulness of the burgess oath (in which burgesses profess "the true religion professed within the realm"), the opposite party being called <i>antiburghers</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; These parties arose among the Presbyterians of Scotland, in 1747, and in 1820 reunited under the name of the "United Associate Synod of the Secession Church."</note>

<h1>Burghermaster</h1>
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<hw>Burgh"er*mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Burgomaster</er>.</def>

<h1>Burghership</h1>
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<hw>Burgh"er*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or privileges of a burgher.</def>

<h1>Burghmaster</h1>
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<hw>Burgh"mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A burgomaster.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>An officer who directs and lays out the meres or boundaries for the workmen; -- called also <altname>bailiff</altname>, and <altname>barmaster</altname>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Burghmote</h1>
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<hw>Burgh"mote`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(AS. Law)</fld> <ety>[<ets>Burgh</ets> + <ets>mote</ets> meeting.]</ety> <def>A court or meeting of a burgh or borough; a borough court held three times yearly.</def>

<h1>Burglar</h1>
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<hw>Bur"glar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>burg</ets> town, F. <ets>bourg</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>burgus</ets> (of German origin) + OF. <ets>lere</ets> thief, fr. L. <ets>latro</ets>. See <er>Borough</er>, and <er>Larceny</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One guilty of the crime of burglary.</def>

<cs><col>Burglar alarm</col>, <cd>a device for giving alarm if a door or window is opened from without.</cd></cs>

<h1>Burglarer</h1>
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<hw>Bur"glar*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A burglar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Burglarious</h1>
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<hw>Bur*gla"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to burglary; constituting the crime of burglary.</def>

<blockquote>To come down a chimney is held a <b>burglarious</b> entry.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Burglariously</h1>
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<hw>Bur*gla"ri*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With an intent to commit burglary; in the manner of a burglar.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Burglary</h1>
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<hw>Bur"gla*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Burglaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Fr. <er>Burglar</er>; cf. LL. <i>burglaria</i>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Breaking and entering the dwelling house of another, in the nighttime, with intent to commit a felony therein, whether the felonious purpose be accomplished or not.</def>

<i>Wharton. Burrill.</i>

<note>&hand; By statute law in some of the United States, <i>burglary</i> includes the breaking with felonious intent into a house by day as well as by night, and into other buildings than dwelling houses. Various degrees of the crime are established.</note>

<h1>Burgomaster</h1>
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<hw>Bur"go*mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>burgemeester</ets>; <ets>burg</ets> borough + <ets>meester</ets> master; akin to G. <ets>burgemeister</ets>, <ets>b\'81rgermeister</ets>. See 1st <er>Borough</er>, and <er>Master</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chief magistrate of a municipal town in Holland, Flanders, and Germany, corresponding to <i>mayor</i> in England and the United States; a burghmaster.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An aquatic bird, the glaucous gull (<spn>Larus glaucus</spn>), common in arctic regions.</def>

<h1>Burgonet</h1>
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<hw>Bur"go*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>bouruignotte</ets>, because the Burgundians, F. <ets>Bouruignons</ets>, first used it.]</ety> <def>A kind of helmet.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>burganet</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Burgoo</h1>
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<hw>Bur"goo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>burgood</ets> yeast, perh. fr. W. <ets>burym</ets> yeast + <ets>cawl</ets> cabbage, gruel.]</ety> <def>A kind of oatmeal pudding, or thick gruel, used by seamen.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>burgout</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Burgrass</h1>
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<hw>Bur"grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Grass of the genus <spn>Cenchrus</spn>, growing in sand, and having burs for fruit.</def>

<h1>Burgrave</h1>
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<hw>Bur"grave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Burggrave</er>.</def>

<h1>Burgundy</h1>
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<hw>Bur"gun*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An old province of France (in the eastern central part).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A richly flavored wine, mostly red, made in Burgundy, France.</def>

<cs><col>Burgundy pitch</col>, <cd>a resinous substance prepared from the exudation of the Norway spruce (<spn>Abies excelsa</spn>) by melting in hot water and straining through cloth. The genuine Burgundy pitch, supposed to have been first prepared in Burgundy, is rare, but there are many imitations. It has a yellowish brown color, is translucent and hard, but viscous. It is used in medicinal plasters.</cd></cs>

<h1>Burh</h1>
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<hw>Burh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Burg</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Burhel, Burrhel</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bur"hel</hw>, <hw>Burr"hel</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wild Himalayan, or blue, sheep (<spn>Ovis burrhel</spn>).</def>

<h1>Burial</h1>
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<hw>Bur"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>buriel</ets>, <ets>buriels</ets>, grave, tomb, AS. <ets>byrgels</ets>, fr. <ets>byrgan</ets> to bury, and akin to OS. <ets>burgisli</ets> sepulcher.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A grave; a tomb; a place of sepulture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The erthe schook, and stoones weren cloven, and <b>biriels</b> weren opened.
<i>Wycliff [Matt. xxvii. 51, 52].</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of burying; depositing a dead body in the earth, in a tomb or vault, or in the water, usually with attendant ceremonies; sepulture; interment.</def> "To give a public <i>burial</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Now to glorious <b>burial</b> slowly borne.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Burial case</col>, <cd>a form of coffin, usually of iron, made to close air-tight, for the preservation of a dead body.</cd> -- <col>Burial ground</col>, <cd>a piece of ground selected and set apart for a place of buriials, and consecrated to such use by religious ceremonies.</cd> -- <col>Burial place</col>, <cd>any place where burials are made.</cd> -- <col>Burial service</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> The religious service performed at the interment of the dead; a funeral service. <sd>(b)</sd> That portion of a liturgy which is read at an interment; as, the English <i>burial service<i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Sepulture; interment; inhumation.</syn>

<h1>Burier</h1>
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<hw>Bur"i*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, buries.</def>

<blockquote>Till the <b>buriers</b> have buried it.
<i>Ezek. xxxix. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And darkness be the <b>burier</b> of the dead.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Burin</h1>
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<hw>Bu"rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>burin</ets>, cf. It. <ets>burino</ets>, <ets>bulino</ets>; prob. from OHG. <ets>bora</ets> borer, <ets>bor\'d3n</ets> to bore, G. <ets>bohren</ets>. See 1st <er>Bore</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The cutting tool of an engraver on metal, used in line engraving. It is made of tempered steel, one end being ground off obliquely so as to produce a sharp point, and the other end inserted in a handle; a graver; also, the similarly shaped tool used by workers in marble.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The manner or style of execution of an engraver; <as>as, a soft <ex>burin</ex>; a brilliant <ex>burin</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Burinist</h1>
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<hw>Bu"rin*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who works with the burin.</def>

<i>For. Quart. Rev.</i>

<h1>Burion</h1>
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<hw>Bu"ri*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The red-breasted house sparrow of California (<spn>Carpodacus frontalis</spn>); -- called also <altname>crimson-fronted bullfinch</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>burrion</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Burke</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Burke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Burked<tt>er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb.n</tt>. <er>Burking<tt>er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From one <ets>Burke</ets> of Edinburgh, who committed the crime in 1829.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To murder by suffocation, or so as to produce few marks of violence, for the purpose of obtaining a body to be sold for dissection.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dispose of quietly or indirectly; to suppress; to smother; to shelve; <as>as, to <ex>burke</ex> a parliamentary question</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The court could not <b>burke</b> an inquiry, supported by such a mass of a affidavits.
<i>C. Reade.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Burkism</h1>
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<hw>Burk"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice of killing persons for the purpose of selling their bodies for dissection.</def>

<h1>Burl</h1>
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<hw>Burl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Burled</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Burling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>burle</ets> stuffing, or a knot in cloth; cf. F. <ets>bourlet</ets>, <ets>bourrelet</ets>, OF. <ets>bourel</ets>, a wreath or a roll of cloth, linen, or leather, stuffed with flocks, etc., dim. of <ets>bourre</ets>. \'fb92. See <er>Bur</er>.]</ety> <def>To dress or finish up (cloth); to pick knots, burs, loose threads, etc., from, as in finishing cloth.</def>

<cs><col>Burling iron</col>, <cd>a peculiar kind of nippers or tweezers used in burling woolen cloth.</cd></cs>

<h1>Burl</h1>
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<hw>Burl</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A knot or lump in thread or cloth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An overgrown knot, or an excrescence, on a tree; also, veneer made from such excrescences.</def>

<h1>Burlap</h1>
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<hw>Bur"lap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coarse fabric, made of jute or hemp, used for bagging; also, a finer variety of similar material, used for curtains, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>burlaps</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Burler</h1>
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<hw>Burl"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who burls or dresses cloth.</def>

<h1>Burlesque</h1>
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<hw>Bur*lesque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>burlesque</ets>, fr. It. <ets>burlesco</ets>, fr. <ets>burla</ets> jest, mockery, perh. for <ets>burrula</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>burrae</ets> trifles. See <er>Bur</er>.]</ety> <def>Tending to excite laughter or contempt by extravagant images, or by a contrast between the subject and the manner of treating it, as when a trifling subject is treated with mock gravity; jocular; ironical.</def>

<blockquote>It is a dispute among the critics, whether <b>burlesque</b> poetry runs best in heroic verse, like that of the Dispensary, or in doggerel, like that of Hudibras.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Burlesque</h1>
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<hw>Bur*lesque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ludicrous representation; exaggerated parody; grotesque satire.</def>

<blockquote><b>Burlesque</b> is therefore of two kinds; the first represents mean persons in the accouterments of heroes, the other describes great persons acting and speaking like the basest among the people.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ironical or satirical composition intended to excite laughter, or to ridicule anything.</def>

<blockquote>The dull <b>burlesque</b> appeared with impudence,
And pleased by novelty in spite of sense.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A ludicrous imitation; a caricature; a travesty; a gross perversion.</def>

<blockquote>Who is it that admires, and from the heart is attached to, national representative assemblies, but must turn with horror and disgust from such a profane <b>burlesque</b> and abominable perversion of that sacred institute?
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Mockery; farce; travesty; mimicry.</syn>

<h1>Burlesque</h1>
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<hw>Bur*lesque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Burlesqued</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Burlesquing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To ridicule, or to make ludicrous by grotesque representation in action or in language.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>burlesqued</b> the prophet Jeremiah's words, and turned the expression he used into ridicule.
<i>Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Burlesque</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Bur*lesque"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To employ burlesque.</def>

<h1>Burlesquer</h1>
<Xpage=193>

<hw>Bur*les"quer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who burlesques.</def>

<hr>
<page="194">
Page 194<p>

<h1>Burletta</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur*let"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., dim. of <ets>burla</ets> mockery. See <er>Burlesque</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A comic operetta; a music farce.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Burliness</h1>
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<hw>Bur"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being burly.</def>

<h1>Burly</h1>
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<hw>Bur"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>burlich</ets> strong, excellent; perh. orig. fit for a lady's bower, hence handsome, manly, stout. Cf. <er>Bower</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a large, strong, or gross body; stout; lusty; -- now used chiefly of human beings, but formerly of animals, in the sense of stately or beautiful, and of inanimate things that were huge and bulky.</def> "<i>Burly</i> sacks."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<blockquote>In his latter days, with overliberal diet, [he was] somewhat corpulent and <b>burly</b>.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Burly</b> and big, and studious of his ease.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Coarse and rough; boisterous.</def>

<blockquote>It was the orator's own <b>burly</b> way of nonsense.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Burman</h1>
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<hw>Bur"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Burmans</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>["The softened modern <i>M'yan-ma</i>, <i>M'yan-ma</i> [native name] is the source of the European corruption <i>Burma</i>." <i>Balfour</i>.]</ety>, <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A member of the Burman family, one of the four great families Burmah; also, sometimes, any inhabitant of Burmah; a Burmese.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def> Of or pertaining to the Burmans or to Burmah.</def></def2>

<h1>Bur marigold</h1>
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<hw>Bur" mar"i*gold</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Beggar's ticks</er>.</def>

<h1>Burmese</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur`mese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Burmah, or its inhabitants.</def> -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def>A native or the natives of Burmah. Also (<singf>sing</singf>.), the language of the Burmans.</def></def2>

<h1>Burn</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Burned</er> (<?/) or <er>Burnt</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Burning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bernen</ets>, <ets>brennen</ets>, v.t., early confused with <ets>beornen</ets>, <ets>birnen</ets>, v.i., AS. <ets>b\'91rnan</ets>, <ets>bernan</ets>, v.t., <ets>birnan</ets>, v.i.; akin to OS. <ets>brinnan</ets>, OFries. <ets>barna</ets>, <ets>berna</ets>, OHG. <ets>brinnan</ets>, <ets>brennan</ets>, G. <ets>brennen</ets>, OD. <ets>bernen</ets>, D. <ets>branden</ets>, Dan. <ets>br\'91nde</ets>, Sw. <ets>br\'84nna</ets>, <ets>brinna</ets>, Icel. <ets>brenna</ets>, Goth. <ets>brinnan</ets>, <ets>brannjan</ets> (in comp.), and possibly to E. <ets>fervent</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To consume with fire; to reduce to ashes by the action of heat or fire; -- frequently intensified by <i>up</i>: as, to <i>burn</i> up wood.</def> "We'll <i>burn</i> his body in the holy place."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To injure by fire or heat; to change destructively some property or properties of, by undue exposure to fire or heat; to scorch; to scald; to blister; to singe; to char; to sear; <as>as, to <ex>burn</ex> steel in forging; to <ex>burn</ex> one's face in the sun; the sun <ex>burns</ex> the grass.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To perfect or improve by fire or heat; to submit to the action of fire or heat for some economic purpose; to destroy or change some property or properties of, by exposure to fire or heat in due degree for obtaining a desired residuum, product, or effect; to bake; <as>as, to <ex>burn</ex> clay in making bricks or pottery; to <ex>burn</ex> wood so as to produce charcoal; to <ex>burn</ex> limestone for the lime.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make or produce, as an effect or result, by the application of fire or heat; <as>as, to <ex>burn</ex> a hole; to <ex>burn</ex> charcoal; to <ex>burn</ex> letters into a block.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To consume, injure, or change the condition of, as if by action of fire or heat; to affect as fire or heat does; <as>as, to <ex>burn</ex> the mouth with pepper</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This tyrant fever <b>burns</b> me up.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This dry sorrow <b>burns</b> up all my tears.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When the cold north wind bloweth, . . . it devoureth the mountains, and <b>burneth</b> the wilderness, and consumeth the <?/<?/ass as fire.
<i>Ecclus. xliii. 20, 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>To apply a cautery to; to cauterize.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent, with evolution of heat; to consume; to oxidize; <as>as, a man <ex>burns</ex> a certain amount of carbon at each respiration; to <ex>burn</ex> iron in oxygen.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>To burn</col>, <col>To burn together</col></mcol>, <cd>as two surfaces of metal <fld>(Engin.)</fld>, to fuse and unite them by pouring over them a quantity of the same metal in a liquid state.</cd> -- <col>To burn a bowl</col> <fld>(Game of Bowls)<fld>, <cd>to displace it accidentally, the bowl so displaced being said to be <i>burned<i>.</cd> -- <col>To burn daylight</col>, <cd>to light candles before it is dark; to waste time; to perform superfluous actions. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To burn one's fingers</col>, <cd>to get one's self into unexpected trouble, as by interfering the concerns of others, speculation, etc.</cd> -- <col>To burn out</col>, <cd>to destroy or obliterate by burning.</cd>  "Must you with hot irons <i>burn out<i> mine eyes?" <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>To be burned out</col>, <cd>to suffer loss by fire, as the burning of one's house, store, or shop, with the contents.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To burn up</col>, <col>To burn down</col></mcol>, <cd>to burn entirely.</cd></cs>

<h1>Burn</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burn</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be of fire; to flame.</def> "The mount <i>burned</i> with fire."

<i>Deut. ix. 15.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To suffer from, or be scorched by, an excess of heat.</def>

<blockquote>Your meat doth <b>burn</b>, quoth I.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To have a condition, quality, appearance, sensation, or emotion, as if on fire or excessively heated; to act or rage with destructive violence; to be in a state of lively emotion or strong desire; <as>as, the face <ex>burns</ex>; to <ex>burn</ex> with fever.</as></def>

<blockquote>Did not our heart <b>burn</b> within us, while he talked with us by the way?
<i>Luke xxiv. 32.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The barge she sat in, like a burnished throne,
<b>Burned</b> on the water.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Burning</b> with high hope.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The groan still deepens, and the combat <b>burns</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The parching air
<b>Burns</b> frore, and cold performs the effect of fire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To combine energetically, with evolution of heat; <as>as, copper <ex>burns</ex> in chlorine</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>In certain games, to approach near to a concealed object which is sought.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>To burn out</col>, <cd>to burn till the fuel is exhausted.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To burn up</col>, <col>To burn down</col></mcol>, <cd>to be entirely consumed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Burn</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burn</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hurt, injury, or effect caused by fire or excessive or intense heat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The operation or result of burning or baking, as in brickmaking; <as>as, they have a good <ex>burn</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A disease in vegetables. See <er>Brand</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 6.</def>

<h1>Burn</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burn</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Bourn</er>.]</ety> <def>A small stream.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Burnable</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burn"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Combustible.</def>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Burned</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>See <er>Burnt</er>.</def>

<h1>Burned</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Burnished.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Burner</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burn"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, burns or sets fire to anything.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The part of a lamp, gas fixture, etc., where the flame is produced.</def>

<cs><col>Bunsen's burner</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of burner, invented by Professor <i>Bunsen<i> of Heidelberg, consisting of a straight tube, four or five inches in length, having small holes for the entrance of air at the bottom. Illuminating gas being also admitted at the bottom, a mixture of gas and air is formed which burns at the top with a feebly luminous but intensely hot flame.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Argand burner</col>, <col>Rose burner</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Argand</er>, <er>Rose</er>, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Burnet</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>burnet</ets> burnet; also, brownish (the plant perh. being named from its color), fr. F. <ets>brunet</ets>, dim. of <ets>brun</ets> brown; cf. OF. <ets>brunete</ets> a sort of flower. See <er>Brunette</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of perennial herbs (<spn>Poterium</spn>); especially, <i>P</i>.<i>Sanguisorba</i>, the common, or garden, burnet.</def>

<cs><col>Burnet moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>in England, a handsome moth (<spn>Zyg\'91na filipendula</spn>), with crimson spots on the wings.</cd> -- <col>Burnet saxifrage</col>. <cd><fld>(Bot.)</fld> See <er>Saxifrage</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canadian burnet</col>, <cd>a marsh plant (<spn>Poterium Canadensis</spn>).</cd> -- <mcol><col>Great burnet</col>, <col>Wild burnet</col></mcol>, <cd><spn>Poterium (or Sanguisorba) oficinalis</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Burnettize</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"nett*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Burnettized</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Burnettizing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Manuf.)</fld> <def>To subject (wood, fabrics, etc.) to a process of saturation in a solution of chloride of zinc, to prevent decay; -- a process invented by Sir William <ets>Burnett</ets>.</def>

<h1>Burnie</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burn"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 4th <er>Burn</er>.]</ety> <def>A small brook.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Burniebee</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"nie*bee`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The ladybird.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Burning</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burn"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That burns; being on fire; excessively hot; fiery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consuming; intense; inflaming; exciting; vehement; powerful; <as>as, <ex>burning</ex> zeal</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Like a young hound upon a <b>burning</b> scent.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Burning bush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an ornamental shrub (<spn>Euonymus atropurpureus</spn>), bearing a crimson berry.</cd></cs>

<h1>Burning</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burn"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of consuming by fire or heat, or of subjecting to the effect of fire or heat; the state of being on fire or excessively heated.</def>

<cs><col>Burning fluid</col>, <cd>any volatile illuminating oil, as the lighter petroleums (naphtha, benzine), or oil of turpentine (camphine), but esp. a mixture of the latter with alcohol.</cd> -- <col>Burning glass</col>, <cd>a conxex lens of considerable size, used for producing an intense heat by converging the sun's rays to a focus.</cd> -- <col>Burning house</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>the furnace in which tin ores are calcined, to sublime the sulphur and arsenic from the pyrites. <i>Weale<i>.</cd> -- <col>Burning mirror</col>, <cd>a concave mirror, or a combination of plane mirrors, used for the same purpose as a burning glass.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Combustion; fire; conflagration; flame; blaze.</syn>

<h1>Burnish</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"nish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Burnished</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Burnishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>burnischen</ets>, <ets>burnissen</ets>, <ets>burnen</ets>, OF. <ets>burnir</ets>, <ets>brunir</ets>, to make brown, polish, F. <ets>brunir</ets>, fr. F. <ets>brun</ets> brown, fr. OHG. <ets>br<?/n</ets>; cf. MHG. <ets>briunen</ets> to make brown, polish. See <er>Brown</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To cause to shine; to make smooth and bright; to polish; specifically, to polish by rubbing with something hard and smooth; <as>as, to <ex>burnish</ex> brass or paper</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The frame of <b>burnished</b> steel, that east a glare
From far, and seemed to thaw the freezing air.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now the village windows blaze,
<b>Burnished</b> by the setting sun.
<i>Cunningham.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Burnishing machine</col>, <cd>a machine for smoothing and polishing by compression, as in making paper collars.</cd></cs>

<h1>Burnish</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"nish</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To shine forth; to brighten; to become smooth and glossy, as from swelling or filling out; hence, to grow large.</def>

<blockquote>A slender poet must have time to grow,
And spread and <b>burnish</b> as his brothers do.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My thoughts began to <b>burnish</b>, sprout, and swell.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Burnish</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"nish</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The effect of burnishing; gloss; brightness; luster.</def>

<i>Crashaw.</i>

<h1>Burnisher</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"nish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who burnishes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tool with a hard, smooth, rounded end or surface, as of steel, ivory, or agate, used in smoothing or polishing by rubbing. It has a variety of forms adapted to special uses.</def>

<h1>Burnoose, Burnous</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw><hw>Bur"noose</hw>, <hw>Bur"nous</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>burnus</ets> a kind of high-crowned cap: cf. F. <ets>bournous</ets>, <ets>burnous</ets>, Sp. <ets>al-bornoz</ets>, a sort of upper garment, with a hood attached.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cloaklike garment and hood woven in one piece, worn by Arabs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A combination cloak and hood worn by women.</def> <altsp>[Variously written <asp>bournous</asp>, <asp>bernouse</asp>, <asp>bornous</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Burnstickle</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burn"stic`kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A stickleback (<spn>Gasterosteus aculeatus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Burnt</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burnt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Consumed with, or as with, fire; scorched or dried, as with fire or heat; baked or hardened in the fire or the sun.</def>

<cs><col>Burnt ear</col>, <cd>a black, powdery fungus which destroys grain. See <er>Smut</er>.</cd> -- <col>Burnt offering</col>, <cd>something offered and burnt on an altar, as an atonement for sin; a sacrifice. The offerings of the Jews were a clean animal, as an ox, a calf, a goat, or a sheep; or some vegetable substance, as bread, or ears of wheat or barley. Called also <altname>burnt sacrifice</altname>.</cd> <i>[2 Sam. xxiv. 22.]</i></cs>

<h1>Burr</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bur</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A prickly seed vessel. See <er>Bur</er>, 1.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thin edge or ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal, as in turning, engraving, pressing, etc.; also, the rough neck left on a bullet in casting.</def>

<blockquote>The graver, in plowing furrows in the surface of the copper, raises corresponding ridges or <b>burrs</b>.
<i>Tomlinson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A thin flat piece of metal, formed from a sheet by punching; a small washer put on the end of a rivet before it is swaged down.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A broad iron ring on a tilting lance just below the gripe, to prevent the hand from slipping.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The lobe or lap of the ear.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <ety>[Probably of imitative origin.]</ety> <def>A guttural pronounciation of the letter <i>r</i>, produced by trilling the extremity of the soft palate against the back part of the tongue; rotacism; -- often called the <i>Newcastle</i>, <i>Northumberland</i>, or <i>Tweedside</i>, <i>burr</i>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The knot at the bottom of an antler. See <er>Bur</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 8.</def>

<h1>Burr</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Burred</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Burring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To speak with burr; to make a hoarse or guttural murmur.</def>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Burrel</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"rel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>burel</ets> reddish (cf. <er>Borel</er>, <tt>n.</tt>), or F. <ets>beurr\'82</ets> butter pear, fr. <ets>beurre</ets> butter. Cf. <er>Butter</er>.]</ety> <def>A sort of pear, called also the <altname>red butter pear</altname>, from its smooth, delicious, soft pulp.</def>

<h1>Burrel</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"rel</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Borrel</er>.</def>

<h1>Burrel fly</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"rel fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From its reddish color. See 1st <er>Burrel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The botfly or gadfly of cattle (<spn>Hypoderma bovis</spn>). See <er>Gadfly</er>.</def>

<h1>Burrel shot</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"rel shot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Either from annoying the enemy like a <ets>burrel fly</ets>, or, less probably, fr. F. <ets>bourreler</ets> to sting, torture.]</ety> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A mixture of shot, nails, stones, pieces of old iron, etc., fired from a cannon at short range, in an emergency.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Burring machine</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burr"ing ma*chine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A machine for cleansing wool of burs, seeds, and other substances.</def>

<h1>Burr millstone</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burr" mill"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Buhrstone</er>.</def>

<h1>Burro</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., an ass.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A donkey.</def> <mark>[Southern U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Burrock</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"rock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. from AS. <ets>burg</ets>, <ets>burh</ets>, hill + <ets>-ock</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small weir or dam in a river to direct the stream to gaps where fish traps are placed.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Burrow</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"row</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Borough</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An incorporated town. See 1st <er>Borough</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A shelter; esp. a hole in the ground made by certain animals, as rabbits, for shelter and habitation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A heap or heaps of rubbish or refuse.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A mound. See 3d <er>Barrow</er>, and <er>Camp</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</def>

<h1>Burrow</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"row</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Burrowed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Burrowing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To excavate a hole to lodge in, as in the earth; to lodge in a hole excavated in the earth, as conies or rabbits.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lodge, or take refuge, in any deep or concealed place; to hide.</def>

<blockquote>Sir, this vermin of court reporters, when they are forced into day upon one point, are sure to <b>burrow</b> in another.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Burrowing owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small owl of the western part of North America (<spn>Speotyto cunicularia</spn>), which lives in holes, often in company with the prairie dog.</cd></cs>

<h1>Burrower</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"row*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, burrows; an animal that makes a hole under ground and lives in it.</def>

<h1>Burrstone</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burr"stone`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Buhrstone</er>.</def>

<h1>Burry</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burr"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding in burs, or containing burs; resembling burs; <as>as, <ex>burry</ex> wool</as>.</def>

<h1>Bursa</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Burs\'91</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Burse</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Any sac or saclike cavity; especially, one of the synovial sacs, or small spaces, often lined with synovial membrane, interposed between tendons and bony prominences.</def>

<h1>Bursal</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a bursa or to burs\'91.</def>

<h1>Bursar</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"sar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>bursarius</ets>, fr. <ets>bursa</ets> purse. See <er>Burse</er>, and cf. <er>Purser</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A treasurer, or cash keeper; a purser; <as>as, the <ex>bursar</ex> of a college, or of a monastery</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A student to whom a stipend or bursary is paid for his complete or partial support.</def>

<h1>Bursarship</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"sar*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a bursar.</def>

<h1>Bursary</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"sa*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[LL. <ets>bursaria</ets>. See <er>Bursar</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The treasury of a college or monastery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A scholarship or charitable foundation in a university, as in scotland; a sum given to enable a student to pursue his studies.</def> "No woman of rank or fortune but would have a <i>bursary</i> in her gift."

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Bursch</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bursch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Burschen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[G., ultimately fr. LL. <ets>bursa</ets>. See <er>Burse</er>.]</ety> <def>A youth; especially, a student in a german university.</def>

<h1>Burse</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>bursa</ets>, or F. <ets>bourse</ets>. See <er>Bourse</er>, and cf. <er>Bursch</er>, <er>Purse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A purse; also, a vesicle; a pod; a hull.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fund or foundation for the maintenance of needy scholars in their studies; also, the sum given to the beneficiaries.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An ornamental case of hold the corporal when not in use.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An exchange, for merchants and bankers, in the cities of continental Europe. Same as <er>Bourse</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A kind of bazaar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She says she went to the <b>burse</b> for patterns.
<i>Old Play.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bursiculate</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur*sic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Burse</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bursiform.</def>

<h1>Bursiform</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur"si*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>bursa</ets> purse + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like a purse.</def>

<h1>Bursitis</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Bur*si"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>bursa</ets> + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of a bursa.</def>

<h1>Burst</h1>
<Xpage=194>

<hw>Burst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Burst</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bursting</er>. The past participle <tt>bursten</tt> is obsolete.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bersten</ets>, <ets>bresten</ets>, AS. <ets>berstan</ets> (pers. sing. <ets>berste</ets>, imp. sing. <ets>b\'91rst</ets>, imp. pl. <ets>burston</ets>, p.p. <ets>borsten</ets>); akin to D. <ets>bersten</ets>, G. <ets>bersten</ets>, OHG. <ets>brestan</ets>, OS. <ets>brestan</ets>, Icel. <ets>bresta</ets>, Sw. <ets>brista</ets>, Dan. <ets>briste</ets>. Cf. <er>Brast</er>, <er>Break</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fly apart or in pieces; of break open; to yield to force or pressure, especially to a sudden and violent exertion of force, or to pressure from within; to explode; <as>as, the boiler had <ex>burst</ex>; the buds will <ex>burst</ex> in spring.</as></def>

<blockquote>From the egg that soon
<b>Bursting</b> with kindly rupture, forth disclosed
Their callow young.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>Often used figuratively, as of the heart, in reference to a surcharge of passion, grief, desire, etc.</note>

<blockquote>No, no, my heart will <b>burst</b>, an if I speak:
And I will speak, that so my heart may <b>burst</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exert force or pressure by which something is made suddenly to give way; to break through obstacles or limitations; hence, to appear suddenly and unexpecedly or unaccountably, or to depart in such manner; -- usually with some qualifying adverb or preposition, as <i>forth</i>, <i>out</i>, <i>away</i>, <i>into</i>, <i>upon</i>, <i>through</i>, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Tears, such as angels weep, <b>burst</b> forth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And now you <b>burst</b> (ah cruel!) from my arms.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A resolved villain
Whose bowels suddenly <b>burst</b> out.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We were the first that ever <b>burst</b>
Into that silent sea.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>burst</b> upon him like an earthquake.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="195">
Page 195<p>

<h1>Burst</h1>
<Xpage=195>

<hw>Burst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To break or rend by violence, as by an overcharge or by strain or pressure, esp. from within; to force open suddenly; <as>as, to <ex>burst</ex> a cannon; to <ex>burst</ex> a blood vessel; to <ex>burst</ex> open the doors.</as></def>

<blockquote>My breast I'll <b>burst</b> with straining of my courage.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To break.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>You will not pay for the glasses you have <b>burst</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>burst</b> his lance against the sand below.
<i>Fairfax (Tasso).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To produce as an effect of bursting; <as>as, to <ex>burst</ex> a hole through the wall</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Bursting charge</col>. <cd>See under <er>Charge</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Burst</h1>
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<hw>Burst</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden breaking forth; a violent rending; an explosion; <as>as, a <ex>burst</ex> of thunder; a <ex>burst</ex> of applause; a <ex>burst</ex> of passion; a <ex>burst</ex> of inspiration.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Bursts</b> of fox-hunting melody.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any brief, violent evertion or effort; a spurt; <as>as, a <ex>burst</ex> of speed</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sudden opening, as of landscape; a stretch; an expanse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A fine <i>burst</i> of country."

<i>Jane Austen.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A rupture of hernia; a breach.</def>

<h1>Bursten</h1>
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<hw>Burst"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Burst</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Burster</h1>
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<hw>Burst"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One that bursts.</def>

<h1>Burstwort</h1>
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<hw>Burst"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Herniaria glabra</spn>) supposed to be valuable for the cure of hernia or rupture.</def>

<h1>Burt</h1>
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<hw>Burt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Birt</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Burthen</h1>
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<hw>Bur"then</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Burden</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Burton</h1>
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<hw>Bur"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. & Prov. E. <ets>bort</ets> to press or indent anything.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A peculiar tackle, formed of two or more blocks, or pulleys, the weight being suspended of a hook block in the bight of the running part.</def>

<h1>Bury</h1>
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<hw>Bur"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Borough</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A borough; a manor; <as>as, the <ex>Bury</ex> of St. Edmond's</as></def>; -- <note>used as a termination of names of places; <as>as, Canter<ex>bury</ex>, Shrews<ex>bury</ex></as>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A manor house; a castle.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>To this very day, the chief house of a manor, or the lord's seat, is called <b>bury</b>, in some parts of England.
<i>Miege.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bury</h1>
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<hw>Bur"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Buried</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Burying</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>burien</ets>, <ets>birien</ets>, <ets>berien</ets>, AS. <ets>byrgan</ets>; akin to <ets>beorgan</ets> to protect, OHG. <ets>bergan</ets>, G. <ets>bergen</ets>, Icel. <ets>bjarga</ets>, Sw. <ets>berga</ets>, Dan. <ets>bierge</ets>, <ets>Goth</ets>. <ets>ba\'a1rgan</ets>. &root;95. Cf. <er>Burrow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover out of sight, either by heaping something over, or by placing within something, as earth, etc.; to conceal by covering; to hide; <as>as, to <ex>bury</ex> coals in ashes; to <ex>bury</ex> the face in the hands.</as></def>

<blockquote>And all their confidence
Under the weight of mountains <b>buried</b> deep.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: To cover out of sight, as the body of a deceased person, in a grave, a tomb, or the ocean; to deposit (a corpse) in its resting place, with funeral ceremonies; to inter; to inhume.</def>

<blockquote>Lord, suffer me first to go and <b>bury</b> my father.
<i>Matt. viii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I'll <b>bury</b> thee in a triumphant grave.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To hide in oblivion; to put away finally; to abandon; <as>as, to <ex>bury</ex> strife</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Give me a bowl of wine
In this I <b>bury</b> all unkindness, Cassius.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Burying beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the general name of many species of beetles, of the tribe <spn>Necrophaga</spn>; the sexton beetle; -- so called from their habit of burying small dead animals by digging away the earth beneath them. The larv\'91 feed upon decaying flesh, and are useful scavengers.</cd> -- <col>To bury the hatchet</col>, <cd>to lay aside the instruments of war, and make peace; -- a phrase used in allusion to the custom observed by the North American Indians, of burying a tomahawk when they conclude a peace.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To intomb; inter; inhume; inurn; hide; cover; conceal; overwhelm; repress.</syn>

<h1>Burying ground, Burying place</h1>
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<hw><hw>Bur"y*ing ground`</hw>, <hw>Bur"y*ing place</hw><hw>. <def>The ground or place for burying the dead; burial place.</def>

<h1>Bus</h1>
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<hw>Bus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbreviated from omni<ets>bus</ets>.]</ety> <def>An omnibus.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Busby</h1>
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<hw>Bus"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Busbies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A military headdress or cap, used in the British army. It is of fur, with a bag, of the same color as the facings of the regiment, hanging from the top over the right shoulder.</def>

<h1>Buscon</h1>
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<hw>Bus"con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., a searcher, fr. <ets>buscar</ets> to search.]</ety> <def>One who searches for ores; a prospector.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Bush</h1>
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<hw>Bush</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bosch</ets>, <ets>busch</ets>, <ets>buysch</ets>, <ets>bosk</ets>, <ets>busk</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bosch</ets>, OHG. <ets>busc</ets>, G. <ets>busch</ets>, Icel. <ets>b<?/skr</ets>, <ets>b<?/ski</ets>, Dan. <ets>busk</ets>, Sw. <ets>buske</ets>, and also to LL. <ets>boscus</ets>, <ets>buscus</ets>, Pr. <ets>bosc</ets>, It. <ets>bosco</ets>, Sp. & Pg. <ets>bosque</ets>, F. <ets>bois</ets>, OF. <ets>bos</ets>. Whether the LL. or G. form i<?/ the original is uncertain; if the LL., it is perh. from the same source as E. <ets>box</ets> a case. Cf. <er>Ambush</er>, <er>Boscage</er>, <er>Bouquet</er>, <er>Box</er> a case.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thicket, or place abounding in trees or shrubs; a wild forest.</def>

<note>&hand; This was the original sense of the word, as in the Dutch <i>bosch</i>, a wood, and was so used by Chaucer. In this sense it is extensively used in the British colonies, especially at the Cape of Good Hope, and also in Australia and Canada; as, to live or settle in the <i>bush</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A shrub; esp., a shrub with branches rising from or near the root; a thick shrub or a cluster of shrubs.</def>

<blockquote>To bind a <b>bush</b> of thorns among sweet-smelling flowers.
<i>Gascoigne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A shrub cut off, or a shrublike branch of a tree; <as>as, <ex>bushes</ex> to support pea vines</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A shrub or branch, properly, a branch of ivy (as sacred to Bacchus), hung out at vintners' doors, or as a tavern sign; hence, a tavern sign, and symbolically, the tavern itself.</def>

<blockquote>If it be true that good wine needs no <b>bush</b>, 't is true that a good play needs no epilogue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Hunting)</fld> <def>The tail, or brush, of a fox.</def>

<cs><col>To beat about the bush</col>, <cd>to approach anything in a round-about manner, instead of coming directly to it; -- a metaphor taken from hunting.</cd> -- <col>Bush bean</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of bean which is low and requires no support (<spn>Phaseolus vulgaris</spn>, variety <spn>nanus</spn>). See <er>Bean</er>, 1.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Bush buck</col>, &or; <col>Bush goat</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful South African antelope (<spn>Tragelaphus sylvaticus</spn>); -- so called because found mainly in wooden localities. The name is also applied to other species.</cd> -- <col>Bush cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the serval. See <er>Serval</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bush chat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bird of the genus <spn>Pratincola</spn>, of the Thrush family.</cd> -- <col>Bush dog</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Potto</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bush hammer</col>. <cd>See <er>Bushhammer</er> in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Bush harrow</col> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Harrow</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bush hog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a South African wild hog (<spn>Potamoch\'d2rus Africanus</spn>); -- called also <altname>bush pig</altname>, and <altname>water hog</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Bush master</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a venomous snake (<spn>Lachesis mutus</spn>) of Guinea; -- called also <altname>surucucu</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Bush pea</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of pea that needs to be bushed.</cd> -- <col>Bush shrike</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bird of the genus <spn>Thamnophilus</spn>, and allied genera; -- called also <altname>batarg</altname>. Many species inhabit tropical America.</cd> -- <col>Bush tit</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small bird of the genus <spn>Psaltriparus</spn>, allied to the titmouse. <spn>P. minimus</spn> inhabits California.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bush</h1>
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<hw>Bush</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To branch thickly in the manner of a bush.</def> "The <i>bushing</i> alders."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Bush</h1>
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<hw>Bush</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bushed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb.n</tt>. <er>Bushing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set bushes for; to support with bushes; <as>as, to <ex>bush</ex> peas</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To use a bush harrow on (land), for covering seeds sown; to harrow with a bush; <as>as, to <ex>bush</ex> a piece of land; to <ex>bush</ex> seeds into the ground.</as></def>

<h1>Bush</h1>
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<hw>Bush</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>bus</ets> a box, akin to E. <ets>box</ets>; or F. <ets>boucher</ets> to plug.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A lining for a hole to make it smaller; a thimble or ring of metal or wood inserted in a plate or other part of machinery to receive the wear of a pivot or arbor.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<note>&hand; In the larger machines, such a piece is called a <i>box</i>, particularly in the United States.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A piece of copper, screwed into a gun, through which the venthole is bored.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Bush</h1>
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<hw>Bush</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with a bush, or lining; <as>as, to <ex>bush</ex> a pivot hole</as>.</def>

<h1>Bushboy</h1>
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<hw>Bush"boy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bushman</er>.</def>

<h1>Bushel</h1>
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<hw>Bush"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>buschel</ets>, <ets>boischel</ets>, OF. <ets>boissel</ets>, <ets>bussel</ets>, <ets>boistel</ets>, F. <ets>boisseau</ets>, LL. <ets>bustellus</ets>; dim. of <ets>bustia</ets>, <ets>buxida</ets> (OF. <ets>boiste</ets>), fr. <ets>pyxida</ets>, acc. of L. <ets>pyxis</ets> box, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Box</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A dry measure, containing four pecks, eight gallons, or thirty-two quarts.</def>

<note>&hand; The Winchester bushel, formerly used in England, contained 2150.42 cubic inches, being the volume of a cylinder 18<?/ inches in internal diameter and eight inches in depth. The standard bushel measures, prepared by the United States Government and distributed to the States, hold each 77.6274 pounds of distilled water, at 39.8\'f8 Fahr. and 30 inches atmospheric pressure, being the equivalent of the Winchester bushel. The imperial bushel now in use in England is larger than the Winchester bushel, containing 2218.2 cubic inches, or 80 pounds of water at 62\'f8 Fahr.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vessel of the capacity of a bushel, used in measuring; a bushel measure.</def>

<blockquote>Is a candle brought to be put under a <b>bushel</b>, or under a bed, and not to be set on a candlestick?
<i>Mark iv. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A quantity that fills a bushel measure; <as>as, a heap containing ten <ex>bushels</ex> of apples</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; In the United States a large number of articles, bought and sold by the bushel, are measured by weighing, the number of pounds that make a bushel being determined by State law or by local custom. For some articles, as apples, potatoes, etc., heaped measure is required in measuring a bushel.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A large indefinite quantity.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>The worthies of antiquity bought the rarest pictures with <b>bushels</b> of gold, without counting the weight or the number of the pieces.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The iron lining in the nave of a wheel. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> In the United States it is called a <i>box</i>. See 4th <er>Bush</er>.</def>

<h1>Bushelage</h1>
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<hw>Bush"el*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A duty payable on commodities by the bushel.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Bushelman</h1>
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<hw>Bush"el*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tailor's assistant for repairing garments; -- called also <altname>busheler</altname>.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Bushet</h1>
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<hw>Bush"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bosket</er>.]</ety> <def>A small bush.</def>

<h1>Bushfighter</h1>
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<hw>Bush"fight`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One accustomed to bushfighting.</def>

<i>Parkman.</i>

<h1>Bushfighting</h1>
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<hw>Bush"fight`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fighting in the bush, or from behind bushes, trees, or thickets.</def>

<h1>Bushhammer</h1>
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<hw>Bush"ham`mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hammer with a head formed of a bundle of square bars, with pyramidal points, arranged in rows, or a solid head with a face cut into a number of rows of such points; -- used for dressing stone.</def>

<h1>Bushhammer</h1>
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<hw>Bush"ham`mer</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dress with bushhammer; <as>as, to <ex>bushhammer</ex> a block of granite</as>.</def>

<h1>Bushiness</h1>
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<hw>Bush"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or quality of being bushy.</def>

<h1>Bushing</h1>
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<hw>Bush"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 4th <er>Bush</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The operation of fitting bushes, or linings, into holes or places where wear is to be received, or friction diminished, as pivot holes, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A bush or lining; -- sometimes called <i><?/ thimble</i>. See 4th <er>Bush</er>.</def>

<h1>Bushless</h1>
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<hw>Bush"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from bushes; bare.</def>

<blockquote>O'er the long backs of the <b>bushless</b> downs.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bushman</h1>
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<hw>Bush"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bushmen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>boschman</ets>, <ets>boschjesman</ets>. See 1st <er>Bush</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A woodsman; a settler in the bush.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>One of a race of South African nomads, living principally in the deserts, and not classified as allied in race or language to any other people.</def>

<h1>Bushment</h1>
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<hw>Bush"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>busshement</ets> ambush, fr. <ets>bush</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thicket; a cluster of bushes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Raleigh.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ambuscade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Bushranger</h1>
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<hw>Bush"ran`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who roams, or hides, among the bushes; especially, in Australia, an escaped criminal living in the bush.</def>

<h1>Bushwhacker</h1>
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<hw>Bush"whack`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One accustomed to beat about, or travel through, bushes.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<blockquote>They were gallant <b>bushwhackers</b>, and hunters of raccoons by moonlight.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A guerrilla; a marauding assassin; one who pretends to be a peaceful citizen, but secretly harasses a hostile force or its sympathizers.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Bushwhacking</h1>
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<hw>Bush"whack`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Traveling, or working a way, through bushes; pulling by the bushes, as in hauling a boat along the bushy margin of a stream.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<i>T. Flint.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The crimes or warfare of bushwhackers.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Bushy</h1>
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<hw>Bush"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 1st <er>Bush</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Thick and spreading, like a bush.</def> "<i>Bushy</i> eyebrows."

<i>Irving.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Full of bushes; overgrowing with shrubs.</def>

<blockquote>Dingle, or <b>bushy</b> dell, of this wild wood.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Busily</h1>
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<hw>Bus"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a busy manner.</def>

<h1>Business</h1>
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<hw>Busi"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Businesses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[From <er>Busy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which busies one, or that which engages the time, attention, or labor of any one, as his principal concern or interest, whether for a longer or shorter time; constant employment; regular occupation; <as>as, the <ex>business</ex> of life; <ex>business</ex> before pleasure.</as></def>

<blockquote>Wist ye not that I must be about my Father's <b>business</b>?
<i>Luke ii. 49.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any particular occupation or employment engaged in for livelihood or gain, as agriculture, trade, art, or a profession.</def> "The <i>business</i> of instruction."

<i>Prescott.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Financial dealings; buying and selling; traffic in general; mercantile transactions.</def>

<blockquote>It seldom happens that men of a studious turn acquire any degree of reputation for their knowledge of <b>business</b>.
<i>Bp. Popteus.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which one has to do or should do; special service, duty, or mission.</def>

<blockquote>The daughter of the King of France,
On serious <b>business</b>, craving quick despatch,
Importunes personal conference.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What <b>business</b> has the tortoise among the clouds?
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Affair; concern; matter; -- used in an indefinite sense, and modified by the connected words.</def>

<blockquote>It was a gentle <b>business</b>, and becoming
The action of good women.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Bestow
Your needful counsel to our <b>business</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Drama)</fld> <def>The position, distribution, and order of persons and properties on the stage of a theater, as determined by the stage manager in rehearsal.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Care; anxiety; diligence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>To do one's business</col>, <cd>to ruin one. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <i>Wycherley</i>.</cd> -- <col>To make (a thing) one's business</col>, <cd>to occupy one's self with a thing as a special charge or duty.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To mean business</col></mcol>, <cd>to be earnest. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Affairs; concern; transaction; matter; engagement; employment; calling; occupation; trade; profession; vocation; office; duty.</syn>

<h1>Businesslike</h1>
<Xpage=195>

<hw>Busi"ness*like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>In the manner of one transacting business wisely and by right methods.</def>

<h1>Busk</h1>
<Xpage=195>

<hw>Busk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>busc</ets>, perh. fr. the hypothetical older form of E. <ets>bois</ets> wood, because the first busks were made of wood. See <er>Bush</er>, and cf. OF. <ets>busche</ets>, F. <ets>b\'96che</ets>, a piece or log of wood, fr. the same root.]</ety> <def>A thin, elastic strip of metal, whalebone, wood, or other material, worn in the front of a corset.</def>

<blockquote>Her long slit sleeves, stiff <b>busk</b>, puff verdingall,
Is all that makes her thus angelical.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Busk</h1>
<Xpage=195>

<hw>Busk</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Busked</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>busken</ets>, fr. Icel. <ets>b<?/ask</ets> to make one's self ready, rexlexive of <ets>b<?/a</ets> to prepare, dwell. Cf. 8th <er>Bound</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To prepare; to make ready; to array; to dress.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Old Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Busk</b> you, <b>busk</b> you, my bonny, bonny bride.
<i>Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To go; to direct one's course.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ye might have <b>busked</b> you to Huntly banks.
<i>Skelton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Busked</h1>
<Xpage=195>

<hw>Busked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing a busk.</def>

<i>Pollok.</i>

<h1>Busket</h1>
<Xpage=195>

<hw>Bus"ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bosket</er>, <er>Bouquet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small bush; also, a sprig or bouquet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A part of a garden devoted to shrubs.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Buskin</h1>
<Xpage=195>

<hw>Bus"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from OF. <ets>brossequin</ets>, or D. <ets>broosken</ets>. See <er>Brodekin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A strong, protecting covering for the foot, coming some distance up the leg.</def>

<blockquote>The hunted red deer's undressed hide
Their hairy <b>buskins</b> well supplied.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A similar covering for the foot and leg, made with very thick soles, to give an appearance of elevation to the stature; -- worn by tragic actors in ancient Greece and Rome. Used as a symbol of tragedy, or the tragic drama, as distinguished from comedy.</def>

<blockquote>Great Fletcher never treads in <b>buskins</b> here,
No greater Jonson dares in socks appear.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buskined</h1>
<Xpage=195>

<hw>Bus"kined</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wearing buskins.</def>

<blockquote>Her <b>buskined</b> virgins traced the dewy lawn.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Trodden by buskins; pertaining to tragedy.</def> "The <i>buskined</i> stage."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Busky</h1>
<Xpage=195>

<hw>Bus"ky</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Bosky</er>, and 1st <er>Bush</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Buss</h1>
<Xpage=195>

<hw>Buss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>basse</ets>, fr. L. <ets>basium</ets>; cf. G. <ets>bus</ets> (<ets>Luther</ets>), Prov. G. <ets>busserl</ets>, dim. of <ets>bus</ets> kiss, <ets>bussen</ets> to kiss, Sw. <ets>puss</ets> kiss, <ets>pussa</ets> to kiss, W. & Gael. <ets>bus</ets> lip, mouth.]</ety> <def>A kiss; a rude or playful kiss; a smack.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<hr>
<page="196">
Page 196<p>

<h1>Buss</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Buss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bussed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Bussing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To kiss; esp. to kiss with a smack, or rudely.</def> "Nor <i>bussed</i> the milking maid."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>Kissing and <b>bussing</b> differ both in this,
We <b>buss</b> our wantons, but our wives we kiss.
<i>Herrick.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buss</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Buss</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>busse</ets>, Pr. <ets>bus</ets>, LL. <ets>bussa</ets>, <ets>busa</ets>, G. <ets>b\'81se</ets>, D. <ets>buis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small strong vessel with two masts and two cabins; -- used in the herring fishery.</def>

<blockquote>The Dutch whalers and herring <b>busses</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bust</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Bust</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>buste</ets>, fr. It. <ets>busto</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>busta</ets>, <ets>bustula</ets>, box, of the same origin as E. <ets>box</ets> a case; cf., for the change of meaning, E. <ets>chest</ets>. See <er>Bushel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of sculpture representing the upper part of the human figure, including the head, shoulders, and breast.</def>

<blockquote>Ambition sighed: she found it vain to trust
The faithless column, and the crumbling <b>bust</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The portion of the human figure included between the head and waist, whether in statuary or in the person; the chest or thorax; the upper part of the trunk of the body.</def>

<h1>Bustard</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Bus"tard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. & Prov. F. <ets>bistarde</ets>, F. <ets>outarde</ets>, from L. <ets>avis tarda</ets>, lit., slow bird. <i>Plin</i>. 10, 22; "proxim\'91 iis sunt, quas Hispania <ets>aves tardas</ets> appellat, Gr\'91cia <?/."]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of the genus <spn>Otis</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>great</i> or <stype>bearded bustard</stype> (<spn>Otis tarda</spn>) is the largest game bird in Europe. It inhabits the temperate regions of Europe and Asia, and was formerly common in Great Britain. The <stype>little bustard</stype> (<spn>O. tetrax</spn>) inhabits eastern Europe and Morocco. Many other species are known in Asia and Africa.</note>

<h1>Buster</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Bus"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something huge; a roistering blade; also, a spree.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Bustle</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Bus"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bustled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr.</tt> & <tt>vb</tt>.<tt>n.</tt> <er>Bustling</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>buskle</ets>, perh. fr. AS. <ets>bysig</ets> busy, <ets>bysg-ian</ets> to busy + the verbal termination -<ets>le</ets>; or Icel. <ets>bustla</ets> to splash, bustle.]</ety> <def>To move noisily; to be rudely active; to move in a way to cause agitation or disturbance; <as>as, to bustle through a crowd</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And leave the world for me to <b>bustle</b> in.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bustle</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Bus"tle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Great stir; agitation; tumult from stirring or excitement.</def>

<blockquote>A strange <b>bustle</b> and disturbance in the world.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bustle</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Bus"tle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of pad or cushion worn on the back below the waist, by women, to give fullness to the skirts; -- called also <altname>bishop</altname>, and <altname>tournure</altname>.</def>
<-- out of fashion by the 1900's -->

<h1>Bustler</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Bus"tler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An active, stirring person.</def>

<h1>Bustling</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Bus"tling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Agitated; noisy; tumultuous; characterized by confused activity; <as>as, a <ex>bustling</ex> crowd</as>.</def> "A <i>bustling</i> wharf."

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Busto</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Bus"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bustoes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>/plu. <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A bust; a statue.</def>

<blockquote>With some antick <b>bustoes</b> in the niches.
<i>Ashmole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Busy</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Bus"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>busi</ets>, <ets>bisi</ets>, AS. <ets>bysig</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bezig</ets>, LG. <ets>besig</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>bh<?/sh</ets> to be active, busy.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Engaged in some business; hard at work (either habitually or only for the time being); occupied with serious affairs; not idle nor at leisure; <as>as, a <ex>busy</ex> merchant</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sir, my mistress sends you word
THat she is <b>busy</b>, and she can not come.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Constantly at work; diligent; active.</def>

<blockquote><b>Busy</b> hammers closing rivets up.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Religious motives . . . are so <b>busy</b> in the heart.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Crowded with business or activities; -- said of places and times; <as>as, a <ex>busy</ex> street</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To-morrow is a <b>busy</b> day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Officious; meddling; foolish active.</def>

<blockquote>On meddling monkey, or on <b>busy</b> ape.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Careful; anxious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Diligent; industrious; assiduous; active; occupied; engaged.</syn>

<h1>Busy</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Bus"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Busied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Busying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>bysgian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make or keep busy; to employ; to engage or keep engaged; to occupy; <as>as, to <ex>busy</ex> one's self with books</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Be it thy course to <b>busy</b> giddy minds
With foreign quarrels.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Busybody</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Bus"y*bod`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Busybodies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who officiously concerns himself with the affairs of others; a meddling person.</def>

<blockquote>And not only idle, but tattlers also and <b>busybodies</b>, speaking things which they ought not.
<i>1 Tim. v. 13.</i></blockquote>

<h1>But</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>But</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> & <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bute</ets>, <ets>buten</ets>, AS. <ets>b<?/tan</ets>, without, on the outside, except, besides; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets><?/tan</ets> outward, without, fr. <ets><?/t</ets> out. Primarily, <ets>b<?/tan</ets>, as well as <ets><?/t</ets>, is an adverb. &root;198. See <er>By</er>, <er>Out</er>; cf. <er>About</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Except with; unless with; without.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So insolent that he could not go <b>but</b> either spurning equals or trampling on his inferiors.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Touch not the cat <b>but</b> a glove.
<i>Motto of the Mackintoshes.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Except; besides; save.</def>

<blockquote>Who can it be, ye gods! <b>but</b> perjured Lycon?
<i>E. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In this sense, <i>but</i> is often used with other particles; <as>as, <i>but for</i>, without, had it not been for. "Uncreated <i>but for</i> love divine."</note>

<i>Young.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Excepting or excluding the fact that; save that; were it not that; unless; -- elliptical, for <i>but that</i>.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>but</b> my noble Moor is true of mind . . . it were enough to put him to ill thinking.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Otherwise than that; that not; -- commonly, after a negative, with <i>that</i>.</def>

<blockquote>It cannot be <b>but</b> nature hath some director, of infinite power, to guide her in all her ways.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is no question <b>but</b> the king of Spain will reform most of the abuses.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Only; solely; merely.</def>

<blockquote>Observe <b>but</b> how their own principles combat one another.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If they kill us, we shall <b>but</b> die.
<i>2 Kings vii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A formidable man <b>but</b> to his friends.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>On the contrary; on the other hand; only; yet; still; however; nevertheless; more; further; -- as connective of sentences or clauses of a sentence, in a sense more or less exceptive or adversative; <as>as, the House of Representatives passed the bill, <ex>but</ex> the Senate dissented; our wants are many, <ex>but</ex> quite of another kind.</as></def>

<blockquote>Now abideth faith hope, charity, these three; <b>but</b> the greatest of these is charity.
<i>1 Cor. xiii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When pride cometh, then cometh shame; <b>but</b> with the lowly is wisdom.
<i>Prov. xi. 2.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>All but</col>. <cd>See under <er>All</er>.</cd> -- <col>But and if</col>, <cd>but if; an attempt on the part of King James's translators of the Bible to express the conjunctive and adversative force of the Greek <?/.</cd></cs>

<blockquote><b>But and if</b> that servant say in his heart, My lord delayeth his coming; . . . the lord of that servant will come in a day when he looketh not for him.
<i>Luke xii. 45, 46.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>But if</col>, <cd>unless.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>But this I read, that <b>but if</b> remedy
Thou her afford, full shortly I her dead shall see.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote></cs>


<syn>Syn. -- <er>But</er>, <er>However</er>, <er>Still</er>.</syn> <usage> These conjunctions mark <i>opposition</i> in passing from one thought or topic to another. <i>But</i> marks the opposition with a medium degree of strength; <as>as, this is not winter, <ex>but</ex> it is almost as cold; he requested my assistance, <i>but</i> I shall not aid him at present. <i>However</i> is weaker, and throws the opposition (as it were) into the background; <as>as, this is not winter</as>; it is, <i>however</i>, almost as cold; he required my assistance; at present, <i>however</i>, I shall not afford him aid. The plan, <i>however</i>, is still under consideration, and may yet be adopted. <i>Still</i> is stronger than <i>but</i>, and marks the opposition more emphatically; <as>as, your arguments are weighty</as>; <i>still</i> they do not convince me. See <er>Except</er>, <er>However</er>.</usage>

<note>&hand; "The chief error with <i>but</i> is to use it where <i>and</i> is enough; an error springing from the tendency to use strong words without sufficient occasio,."</note>

<i>Bain.</i>

<h1>But</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>But</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>But</er>, <ets>prep</ets>., <ets>adv</ets>. & <ets>conj</ets>.]</ety> <def>The outer apartment or kitchen of a two-roomed house; -- opposed to <i>ben</i>, the inner room.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>But</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>But</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>But</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A limit; a boundary.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The end; esp. the larger or thicker end, or the blunt, in distinction from the sharp, end. See 1st <er>Butt</er>.</def>

<cs><col>But end</col>, <cd>the larger or thicker end; as, the <i>but end<i> of a log; the <i>but end<i> of a musket. See <er>Butt</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>But</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>But</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Butted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Butting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>See <er>Butt</er>, <tt>v.</tt>, and <er>Abut</er>, <tt>v.</tt></def>

<h1>Butane</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Bu"tane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>but</ets>yrum butter. See <er>Butter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An inflammable gaseous hydrocarbon, C4H10, of the marsh gas, or paraffin, series.</def>

<h1>Butcher</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Butch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bochere</ets>, <ets>bochier</ets>, OF. <ets>bochier</ets>, F. <ets>boucher</ets>, orig., slaughterer of buck goats, fr. OF. <ets>boc</ets>, F. <ets>bouc</ets>, a buck goat; of German or Celtic origin. See <er>Buck</er> the animal.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who slaughters animals, or dresses their flesh for market; one whose occupation it is to kill animals for food.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A slaughterer; one who kills in large numbers, or with unusual cruelty; one who causes needless loss of life, as in battle.</def> "<i>Butcher</i> of an innocent child."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Butcher bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of shrike of the genus <spn>Lanius</spn>.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; The <spn>Lanius excubitor</spn> is the common butcher bird of Europe. In England, the bearded tit is sometimes called the <i>lesser butcher bird</i>. The American species are <spn>L.borealis</spn>, or <i>northernbutcher bird</i>, and <spn>L. Ludovicianus</spn> or <i>loggerhead shrike</i>. The name <i>butcher bird</i>is derived from its habit of suspending its prey impaled upon thorns, after killing it.</note>

<cs><col>Butcher's meat</col>, <cd>such flesh of animals slaughtered for food as is sold for that purpose by butchers, as beef, mutton, lamb, and pork.</cd></cs>

<h1>Butcher</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Butch"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Butchered</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb.n</tt>. <er>Butchering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To kill or slaughter (animals) for food, or for market; <as>as, to <ex>butcher</ex> hogs</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To murder, or kill, especially in an unusually bloody or barbarous manner.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>[Ithocles] was murdered, rather <b>butchered</b>.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Butchering</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Butch"er*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The business of a butcher.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of slaughtering; the act of killing cruelly and needlessly.</def>

<blockquote>That dreadful <b>butchering</b> of one another.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Butcherliness</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Butch"er*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Butchery quality.</def>

<h1>Butcherly</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Butch"er*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a butcher; without compunction; savage; bloody; inhuman; fell.</def> "The victim of a <i>butcherly</i> murder."

<i>D. Webster.</i>

<blockquote>What stratagems, how fell, how <b>butcherly</b>,
This deadly quarrel daily doth beget!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Butcher's broom</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Butch"er's broom`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants (<spn>Ruscus</spn>); esp. <spn>R. aculeatus</spn>, which has large red berries and leaflike branches. See <er>Cladophyll</er>.</def>

<h1>Butchery</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>Butch"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bocherie</ets> shambles, fr. F. <ets>boucherie</ets>. See <er>Butcher</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The business of a butcher.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Murder or manslaughter, esp. when committed with unusual barbarity; great or cruel slaughter.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The perpetration of human <b>butchery</b>.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A slaughterhouse; the shambles; a place where blood is shed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Like as an ox is hanged in the <b>butchery</b>.
<i>Fabyan.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Murder; slaughter; carnage. See <er>Massacre</er>.</syn>

<h1>Butler</h1>
<Xpage=196>

<hw>But"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>boteler</ets>, F. <ets>bouteillier</ets> a bottle-bearer, a cupbearer, fr. LL. <ets>buticularius</ets>, fr. <ets>buticula</ets> bottle. See <er>Bottle</er> a hollow vessel.]</ety> <def>An officer in a king's or a nobleman's household, whose principal business it is to take charge of the liquors, plate, etc.; the head servant in a large house.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>butler</b> and the baker of the king of Egypt.
<i>Gen. xl. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Your wine locked up, your <b>butler</b> strolled abroad.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Butlerage</h1>
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<hw>But"ler*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A duty of two shillings on every tun of wine imported into England by merchant strangers; -- so called because paid to the king's butler for the king.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Butlership</h1>
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<hw>But"ler*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a butler.</def>

<h1>Butment</h1>
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<hw>But"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbreviation of <er>Abutment</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A buttress of an arch; the supporter, or that part which joins it to the upright pier.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>The mass of stone or solid work at the end of a bridge, by which the extreme arches are sustained, or by which the end of a bridge without arches is supported.</def>

<cs><col>Butment cheek</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>the part of a mortised timber surrounding the mortise, and against which the shoulders of the tenon bear.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Butt, But</h1>
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<hw><hw>Butt</hw>, <hw>But</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>but</ets> butt, aim (cf. <ets>butte</ets> knoll), or <ets>bout</ets>, OF. <ets>bot</ets>, end, extremity, fr. <ets>boter</ets>, <ets>buter</ets>, to push, butt, strike, F. <ets>bouter</ets>; of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>b\'d3zan</ets>, akin to E. <ets>beat</ets>. See <er>Beat</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A limit; a bound; a goal; the extreme bound; the end.</def>

<blockquote>Here is my journey's end, here my <b>butt</b>
And very sea mark of my utmost sail.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; As applied to land, the word is nearly synonymous with <i>mete</i>, and signifies properly the end line or boundary; the abuttal.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thicker end of anything. See <er>But</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A mark to be shot at; a target.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<blockquote>The groom his fellow groom at <b>butts</b> defies,
And bends his bow, and levels with his eyes.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A person at whom ridicule, jest, or contempt is directed; <as>as, the <ex>butt</ex> of the company</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I played a sentence or two at my <b>butt</b>, which I thought very smart.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A push, thrust, or sudden blow, given by the head of an animal; <as>as, the <ex>butt</ex> of a ram</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A thrust in fencing.</def>

<blockquote>To prove who gave the fairer <b>butt</b>,
John shows the chalk on Robert's coat.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A piece of land left unplowed at the end of a field.</def>

<blockquote>The hay was growing upon headlands and <b>butts</b> in cornfields.
<i>Burrill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A joint where the ends of two objects come squarely together without scrafing or chamfering; -- also called <i>butt joint</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The end of a connecting rod or other like piece, to which the boxing is attached by the strap, cotter, and gib.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The portion of a half-coupling fastened to the end of a hose.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>The joint where two planks in a strake meet.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A kind of hinge used in hanging doors, etc.; -- so named because fastened on the edge of the door, which <i>butts</i> against the casing, instead of on its face, like the strap hinge; also called <i>butt hinge</i>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Leather Trade)</fld> <def>The thickest and stoutest part of tanned oxhides, used for soles of boots, harness, trunks.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>The hut or shelter of the person who attends to the targets in rifle practice.</def>

<cs><col>Butt chain</col> <fld>(Saddlery)</fld>, <cd>a short chain attached to the end of a tug.</cd> -- <col>Butt end</col>. <cd>The thicker end of anything. See <cref>But end</cref>, under 2d <er>But</er>.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Amen; and make me die a good old man!
That's the <b>butt end</b> of a mother's blessing.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>A butt's length</col>, <cd>the ordinary distance from the place of shooting to the <i>butt<i>, or mark.</cd> -- <col>Butts and bounds</col> <fld>(Conveyancing)</fld>, <cd>abuttals and boundaries. In lands of the ordinary rectangular shape, <i>butts<i> are the lines at the <i>ends<i> (F. <i>bouts<i>), and <i>bounds<i> are those on the <i>sides<i>, or <i>sidings<i>, as they were formerly termed.</cd> <i>Burrill</i>. -- <col>Bead and butt</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bead</er>.</cd> -- <col>Butt and butt</col>, <cd>joining end to end without overlapping, as planks.</cd> -- <col>Butt weld</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a butt joint, made by welding together the flat ends, or edges, of a piece of iron or steel, or of separate pieces, without having them overlap. See <er>Weld</er>.</cd> -- <col>Full butt</col>, <cd>headfirst with full force.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "The corporal . . . ran <i>full butt<i> at the lieutenant." <i>Marryat</i>.</cs>

<h1>Butt</h1>
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<hw>Butt</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Butted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Butting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>butten</ets>, OF. <ets>boter</ets> to push, F. <ets>bouter</ets>. See <er>Butt</er> an end, and cf. <er>Boutade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To join at the butt, end, or outward extremity; to terminate; to be bounded; to abut.</def>  <altsp>[Written also <asp>but</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>And Barnsdale there doth <b>butt</b> on Don's well-watered ground.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To thrust the head forward; to strike by thrusting the head forward, as an ox or a ram. [See <er>Butt</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</def>

<blockquote>A snow-white steer before thine altar led,
<b>Butts</b> with his threatening brows.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Butt</h1>
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<hw>Butt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To strike by thrusting the head against; to strike with the head.</def>

<blockquote>Two harmless lambs are <b>butting</b> one the other.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Butt</h1>
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<hw>Butt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>botte</ets>, <ets>boute</ets>, LL. <ets>butta</ets>. Cf. <er>Bottle</er> a hollow vessel.]</ety> <def>A large cask or vessel for wine or beer. It contains two hogsheads.</def>

<note>&hand; A wine <i>butt</i> contains 126 wine gallons (= 105 imperial gallons, nearly); a beer <i>butt</i> 108 ale gallons (= about 110 imperial gallons).</note>

<h1>Butt</h1>
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<hw>Butt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common English flounder.</def>

<h1>Butte</h1>
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<hw>Butte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Butt</er> a bound.]</ety> <def>A detached low mountain, or high rising abruptly from the general level of the surrounding plain; -- applied to peculiar elevations in the Rocky Mountain region.</def>

<blockquote>The creek . . . passes by two remarkable <b>buttes</b> of red conglomerate.
<i>Ruxton.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="197">
Page 197<p>

<h1>Butter</h1>
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<hw>But"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>botere</ets>, <ets>butter</ets>, AS. <ets>butere</ets>, fr. L. <ets>butyrum</ets>, Gr. <?/; either fr. <?/ ox, cow + <?/ cheese; or, perhaps, of Scythian origin. Cf. <er>Cow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An oily, unctuous substance obtained from cream or milk by churning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any substance resembling butter in degree of consistence, or other qualities, especially, in old chemistry, the chloridess, as <i>butter of antimony</i>, sesquichloride of antimony; also, certain concrete fat oils remaining nearly solid at ordinary temperatures, as <i>butter of cacao</i>, <i>vegetable butter</i>, <i>shea butter</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Butter and eggs</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to several plants having flowers of two shades of yellow, as <spn>Narcissus incomparabilis</spn>, and in the United States to the toadflax (<spn>Linaria vulgaris</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Butter boat</col>, <cd>a small vessel for holding melted butter at table.</cd> -- <col>Butter flower</col>, <cd>the buttercup, a yellow flower.</cd> -- <col>Butter print</col>, <cd>a piece of carved wood used to mark pats of butter; -- called also <altname>butter stamp</altname>.</cd> <i>Locke</i>. -- <col>Butter tooth</col>, <cd>either of the two middle incisors of the upper jaw.</cd> -- <col>Butter tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree of the genus <spn>Bassia</spn>, the seeds of which yield a substance closely resembling butter. The butter tree of India is the <spn>B. butyracea</spn>; that of Africa is the Shea tree (<spn>B. Parkii</spn>). See <er>Shea tree</er>.</cd> -- <col>Butter trier</col>, <cd>a tool used in sampling butter.</cd> -- <col>Butter wife</col>, <cd>a woman who makes or sells butter; -- called also <altname>butter woman</altname>.</cd> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark></cs>

<h1>Butter</h1>
<Xpage=197>

<hw>But"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Buttered</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Buttering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover or spread with butter.</def>

<blockquote>I know what's what. I know on which side
My bread is <b>buttered</b>.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To increase, as stakes, at every throw or every game.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Butter</h1>
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<hw>Butt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, butts.</def>

<h1>Butterball</h1>
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<hw>But"ter*ball`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The buffel duck.</def>

<h1>Butterbird</h1>
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<hw>But"ter*bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The rice bunting or bobolink; -- so called in the island of Jamaica.</def>

<h1>Butterbump</h1>
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<hw>But"ter*bump`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>buttur</ets> the bittern + 5th <ets>bump</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European bittern.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Butterbur</h1>
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<hw>But"ter*bur`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A broad-leaved plant (<spn>Petasites vulgaris</spn>) of the Composite family, said to have been used in England for wrapping up pats of butter.</def>

<h1>Buttercup</h1>
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<hw>But"ter*cup`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Ranunculus</spn>, or crowfoot, particularly <spn>R. bulbosus</spn>, with bright yellow flowers; -- called also <altname>butterflower</altname>, <altname>golden cup</altname>, and <altname>kingcup</altname>. It is the <altname>cuckoobud</altname> of Shakespeare.</def>

<h1>Butter-fingered</h1>
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<hw>But"ter-fin`gered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Apt to let things fall, or to let them slip away; slippery; careless.</def>

<h1>Butterfish</h1>
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<hw>But"ter*fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name given to several different fishes, in allusion to their slippery coating of mucus, as the <spn>Stromateus triacanthus</spn> of the Atlantic coast, the <spn>Epinephelus punctatus</spn> of the southern coast, the rock eel, and the kelpfish of New Zealand.</def>

<h1>Butterfly</h1>
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<hw>But"ter*fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Butterflies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Perh. from the color of a yellow species. AS. <ets>buter-fl\'c7ge</ets>, <ets>buttor-fle\'a2ge</ets>; cf. G. <ets>butterfliege</ets>, D. <ets>botervlieg</ets>. See <er>Butter</er>, and <er>Fly</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A general name for the numerous species of diurnal Lepidoptera.</def>  <note>[See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Aphrodite</er>.]</note>

<cs><col>Asclepias butterfly</col>. <cd>See under <er>Asclepias</er>.</cd> -- <col>Butterfly fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the ocellated blenny (<spn>Blennius ocellaris</spn>) of Europe. See <er>Blenny</er>. The term is also applied to the flying gurnard.</cd> -- <col>Butterfly shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a shell of the genus <spn>Voluta</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Butterfly valve</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of double clack valve, consisting of two semicircular clappers or wings hinged to a cross rib in the pump bucket. When open it somewhat resembles a butterfly in shape.</cd></cs>

<h1>Butterine</h1>
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<hw>But"ter*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A substance prepared from animal fat with some other ingredients intermixed, as an imitation of butter.</def>

<blockquote>The manufacturers ship large quantities of oleomargarine to England, Holland, and other countries, to be manufactured into butter, which is sold as <b>butterine</b> or suine.
<i>Johnson's Cyc.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Butteris</h1>
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<hw>But"ter*is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The same word as <ets>buttress</ets>, noun, in a different application, F. <ets>bouter</ets> to push.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A steel cutting instrument, with a long bent shank set in a handle which rests against the shoulder of the operator. It is operated by a thrust movement, and used in paring the hoofs of horses.</def>

<h1>Butterman</h1>
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<hw>But"ter*man`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Buttermen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man who makes or sells butter.</def>

<h1>Buttermilk</h1>
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<hw>But"ter*milk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The milk that remains after the butter is separated from the cream.</def>

<h1>Butternut</h1>
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<hw>But"ter*nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American tree (<spn>Juglans cinerea</spn>) of the Walnut family, and its edible fruit; -- so called from the oil contained in the latter. Sometimes called <altname>oil nut</altname> and <altname>white walnut</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The nut of the <spn>Caryocar butyrosum</spn> and <spn>C. nuciferum</spn>, of S. America; -- called also <altname>Souari nut</altname>.</def>

<h1>Butter-scotch</h1>
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<hw>But"ter-scotch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of candy, mainly composed of sugar and butter.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Butterweed</h1>
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<hw>But"ter*weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An annual composite plant of the Mississippi valley (<spn>Senecio lobatus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Butterweight</h1>
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<hw>But"ter*weight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Over weight.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<note>&hand; Formerly it was a custom to give 18 ounces of butter for a pound.</note>

<h1>Butterwort</h1>
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<hw>But"ter*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of low herbs (<spn>Pinguicula</spn>) having simple leaves which secrete from their glandular upper surface a viscid fluid, to which insects adhere, after which the margin infolds and the insects are digested by the plant. The species are found mostly in the North Temperate zone.</def>

<h1>Buttery</h1>
<Xpage=197>

<hw>But"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the qualities, consistence, or appearance, of butter.</def>

<h1>Buttery</h1>
<Xpage=197>

<hw>But"ter*y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Buttplwies</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>botery</ets>, <ets>botry</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>botaria</ets> wine vessel; also OE. <ets>botelerie</ets>, fr. F. <ets>bouteillerie</ets>, fr. <ets>boutellie</ets> bottle. Not derived from <ets>butter</ets>. See <er>Bottle</er> a hollow vessel, <er>Butt</er> a cask.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An apartment in a house where butter, milk and other provisions are kept.</def>

<blockquote>All that need a cool and fresh temper, as cellars, pantries, and <b>butteries</b>, to the north.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A room in some English colleges where liquors, fruit, and refreshments are kept for sale to the students.</def>

<blockquote>And the major Oxford kept the <b>buttery</b> bar.
<i>E. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A cellar in which butts of wine are kept.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<cs><col>Buttery hatch</col>, <cd>a half door between the buttery or kitchen and the hall, in old mansions, over which provisions were passed.</cd></cs>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Butt hinge</h1>
<Xpage=197>

<hw>Butt" hinge`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See 1st <er>Butt</er>, 10.</def>

<h1>But-thorn</h1>
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<hw>But"-thorn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common European starfish (<spn>Asterias rubens</spn>).</def>

<h1>Butting</h1>
<Xpage=197>

<hw>But"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An abuttal; a boundary.</def>

<blockquote>Without <b>buttings</b> or boundings on any side.
<i>Bp. Beveridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Butting joint</h1>
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<hw>But"ting joint`</hw>. <def>A joint between two pieces of timber or wood, at the end of one or both, and either at right angles or oblique to the grain, as the joints which the struts and braces form with the truss posts; -- sometimes called <i>abutting joint</i>.</def>

<h1>Butt joint</h1>
<Xpage=197>

<hw>Butt" joint`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A joint in which the edges or ends of the pieces united come squarely together instead of overlapping. See 1st <er>Butt</er>, 8.</def>

<h1>Buttock</h1>
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<hw>But"tock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Butt</er> an end.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The part at the back of the hip, which, in man, forms one of the rounded protuberances on which he sits; the rump.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The convexity of a ship behind, under the stern.</def>

<i>Mar. Dict.</i>

<h1>Button</h1>
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<hw>But"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>boton</ets>, <ets>botoun</ets>, F. <ets>bouton</ets> button, bud, prop. something pushing out, fr. <ets>bouter</ets> to push. See <er>Butt</er> an end.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A knob; a small ball; a small, roundish mass.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A catch, of various forms and materials, used to fasten together the different parts of dress, by being attached to one part, and passing through a slit, called a <i>buttonhole</i>, in the other; -- used also for ornament.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A bud; a germ of a plant.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A piece of wood or metal, usually flat and elongated, turning on a nail or screw, to fasten something, as a door.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A globule of metal remaining onan assay cupel or in a crucible, after fusion.</def>

<cs><col>Button hook</col>, <cd>a hook for catching a button and drawing it through a buttonhole, as in buttoning boots and gloves.</cd> -- <col>Button shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small, univalve marine shell of the genus <spn>Rotella</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Button snakeroot</col>. <cd><fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> The American composite genus <i>Liatris<i>, having rounded buttonlike heads of flowers. <sd>(b)</sd> An American umbelliferous plant with rigid, narrow leaves, and flowers in dense heads.</cd> -- <col>Button tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of trees (<spn>Conocarpus</spn>), furnishing durable timber, mostly natives of the West Indies.</cd> -- <col>To hold by the button</col>, <cd>to detain in conversation to weariness; to bore; to buttonhole.</cd></cs>

<h1>Button</h1>
<Xpage=197>

<hw>But"ton</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Buttoned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Buttoning</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>botonen</ets>, OF. <ets>botoner</ets>, F. <ets>boutonner</ets>. See <er>Button</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fasten with a button or buttons; to inclose or make secure with buttons; -- often followed by <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He was a tall, fat, long-bodied man, <b>buttoned</b> up to the throat in a tight green coat.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dress or clothe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Button</h1>
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<hw>But"ton</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be fastened by a button or buttons; <as>as, the coat will not <ex>button</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Buttonball</h1>
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<hw>But"ton*ball`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Buttonwood</er>.</def>

<h1>Buttonbush</h1>
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<hw>But"ton*bush`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shrub (<spn>Cephalanthus occidentalis</spn>) growing by the waterside; -- so called from its globular head of flowers. See <er>Capitulum</er>.</def>

<h1>Buttonhole</h1>
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<hw>But"ton*hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The hole or loop in which a button is caught.</def>

<h1>Buttonhole</h1>
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<hw>But"ton*hole`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To hold at the button or buttonhole; to detain in conversation to weariness; to bore; <as>as, he <ex>buttonholed</ex> me a quarter of an hour</as>.</def>

<h1>Buttonmold</h1>
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<hw>But"ton*mold`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A disk of bone, wood, or other material, which is made into a button by covering it with cloth.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>buttonmould</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Fossil buttonmolds</col>, <cd>joints of encrinites. See <er>Encrinite</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Buttons</h1>
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<hw>But"tons</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A boy servant, or page, -- in allusion to the <i>buttons</i> on his livry.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Buttonweed</h1>
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<hw>But"ton*weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of several plants of the genera <spn>Spermacoce</spn> and <spn>Diodia</spn>, of the Madder family.</def>

<h1>Buttonwood</h1>
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<hw>But"ton*wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The <spn>Platanus occidentalis</spn>, or American plane tree, a large tree, producing rough balls, from which it is named; -- called also <altname>buttonball tree</altname>, and, in some parts of the United States, <altname>sycamore</altname>. The California buttonwood is <spn>P. racemosa</spn>.</def>

<h1>Buttony</h1>
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<hw>But"ton*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ornamented with a large number of buttons.</def>  "The <i>buttony</i> boy." <i>Thackeray</i>. "My coat so blue and <i>buttony</i>."

<i>W. S. Gilbert.</i>

<h1>Buttress</h1>
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<hw>But"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>butrasse</ets>, <ets>boterace</ets>, fr. F. <ets>bouter</ets> to push; cf. OF. <ets>bouteret</ets> (nom. sing. and acc. pl. <ets>bouterez</ets>) buttress. See <er>Butt</er> an end, and cf. <er>Butteris</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A projecting mass of masonry, used for resisting the thrust of an arch, or for ornament and symmetry.</def>

<note>&hand; When an external projection is used merely to stiffen a wall, it is a <i>pier</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything which supports or strengthens.</def> "The ground pillar and <i>buttress</i> of the good old cause of nonconformity."

<i>South.</i>

<cs><col>Flying buttress</col>. <cd>See <er>Flying buttress</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Buttress</h1>
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<hw>But"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Buttressed</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Buttressing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To support with a buttress; to prop; to brace firmly.</def>

<blockquote>To set it upright again, and to prop and <b>buttress</b> it up for duration.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Butt shaft</h1>
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<hw>Butt" shaft`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <def>An arrow without a barb, for shooting at butts; an arrow.</def> <altsp>[Also <asp>but shaft</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Butt weld</h1>
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<hw>Butt" weld`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <i>Butt weld</i>, under <er>Butt</er>.</def>

<h1>Buttweld</h1>
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<hw>Butt"weld`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To unite by a butt weld.</def>

<h1>Butty</h1>
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<hw>But"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>One who mines by contract, at so much per ton of coal or ore.</def>

<h1>Butyl</h1>
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<hw>Bu"tyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>but</ets>yrum butter + <ets>-yl</ets>. See <er>Butter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound radical, regarded as butane, less one atom of hydrogen.</def>

<h1>Butylene</h1>
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<hw>Bu"ty*lene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Butyl</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of three metameric hydrocarbons, <chform>C4H8</chform>, of the ethylene series. They are gaseous or easily liquefiable.</def>

<h1>Butyraceous</h1>
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<hw>Bu`ty*ra"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>butyrum</ets> butter. See <er>Butter</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the qualities of butter; resembling butter.</def>

<h1>Butyrate</h1>
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<hw>Bu"ty*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of butyric acid.</def>

<h1>Butyric</h1>
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<hw>Bu*tyr"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, butter.</def>

<cs><col>Butyric acid</col>, <cd><chform>C3H7.CO2H</chform>, an acid found in butter; an oily, limpid fluid, having the smell of rancid butter, and an acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste, like that of ether. There are two metameric butyric acids, called in distinction the <i>normal-<i> and <i>iso-butyric<i> acid. The normal butyric acid is the one common in rancid butter.</cd></cs>

<h1>Butyrin</h1>
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<hw>Bu"ty*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A butyrate of glycerin; a fat contained in small quantity in milk, which helps to give to butter its peculiar flavor.</def>

<h1>Butyrometer</h1>
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<hw>Bu`ty*rom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>butyrum</ets> butter + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for determining the amount of fatty matter or butter contained in a sample of milk.</def>

<h1>Butyrone</h1>
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<hw>Bu"ty*rone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Butyr</ets>ic + <ets>-one</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid ketone obtained by heating calcium butyrate.</def>

<h1>Butyrous</h1>
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<hw>Bu"ty*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Butyraceous.</def>

<h1>Buxeous</h1>
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<hw>Bux"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>buxeus</ets>, fr. <ets>buxus</ets> the box tree.]</ety> <def>Belonging to the box tree.</def>

<h1>Buxine</h1>
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<hw>Bux"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid obtained from the <spn>Buxus sempervirens</spn>, or common box tree. It is identical with <altname>bebeerine</altname>; -- called also <altname>buxina</altname>.</def>

<h1>Buxom</h1>
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<hw>Bux"om</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>buxum</ets>, <ets>boxom</ets>, <ets>buhsum</ets>, pliable, obedient, AS. <ets>b\'d3csum</ets>, <ets>b\'d4hsum</ets> (akin to D. <ets>buigzaam</ets> blexible, G. <ets>biegsam</ets>); <ets>b\'d4gan</ets> to bow, bend + <ets>-sum</ets>, E. <ets>-some</ets>. See <er>Bow</er> to bend, and <er>-some</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Yielding; pliable or compliant; ready to obey; obedient; tractable; docile; meek; humble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So wild a beast, so tame ytaught to be,
And <b>buxom</b> to his bands, is joy to see.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I submit myself unto this holy church of Christ, to be ever <b>buxom</b> and obedient to the ordinance of it.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the characteristics of health, vigor, and comeliness, combined with a gay, lively manner; stout and rosy; jolly; frolicsome.</def>

<blockquote>A daughter fair,
So <b>buxom</b>, blithe, and debonair.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A parcel of <b>buxom</b> bonny dames, that were laughing, singing, dancing, and as merry as the day was long.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

--  <wordforms><wf>Bux"om*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Bux"om*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Buy</h1>
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<hw>Buy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Bought</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Buying</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>buggen</ets>, <ets>buggen</ets>, <ets>bien</ets>, AS. <ets>bycgan</ets>, akin to OS. <ets>buggean</ets>, Goth. <ets>bugjan</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To acquire the ownership of (property) by giving an accepted price or consideration therefor, or by agreeing to do so; to acquire by the payment of a price or value; to purchase; -- opposed to <i>sell</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Buy</b> what thou hast no need of, and ere long thou wilt sell thy necessaries.
<i>B. Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To acquire or procure by something given or done in exchange, literally or figuratively; to get, at a cost or sacrifice; to <i>buy</i> pleasure with pain.</def>

<blockquote><b>Buy</b> the truth and sell it not; also wisdom, and instruction, and understanding.
<i>Prov. xxiii. 23.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To buy again</col>. <cd>See <er>Againbuy</er>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>To buy off</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To influence to compliance; to cause to bend or yield by some consideration; as, <i>to buy off<i> conscience. <sd>(b)</sd> To detach by a consideration given; as, <i>to buy off<i> one from a party.</cd> -- <col>To buy out</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To buy off, or detach from.</cd> <i>Shak</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To purchase the share or shares of in a stock, fund, or partnership, by which the seller is separated from the company, and the purchaser takes his place; <as>as, A <ex>buys out</ex> B</as>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To purchase the entire stock in trade and the good will of a business.</cd> -- <col>To buy in</col>, <cd>to purchase stock in any fund or partnership.</cd> -- <col>To buy on credit</col>, <cd>to purchase, on a promise, in fact or in law, to make payment at a future day.</cd> -- <col>To buy the refusal</col> <cd>(of anything), to give a consideration for the right of purchasing, at a fixed price, at a future time.</cd></cs>

<h1>Buy</h1>
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<hw>Buy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To negotiate or treat about a purchase.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>buy</b> with you, sell with you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buyer</h1>
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<hw>Buy"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who buys; a purchaser.</def>

<h1>Buz</h1>
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<hw>Buz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Buzz</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Buzz</h1>
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<hw>Buzz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Buzzed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Buzzing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[An onomatop\'d2ia.]</ety> <def>To make a low, continuous, humming or sibilant sound, like that made by bees with their wings. Hence: To utter a murmuring sound; to speak with a low, humming voice.</def>

<blockquote>Like a wasp is <b>buzzed</b>, and stung him.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>However these disturbers of our peace
<b>Buzz</b> in the people's ears.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buzz</h1>
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<hw>Buzz</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sound forth by buzzing.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To whisper; to communicate, as tales, in an under tone; to spread, as report, by whispers, or secretly.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>buzz</b> abroad such prophecies
That Edward shall be fearful of his life.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To talk to incessantly or confidentially in a low humming voice.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>To sound with a "buzz".</def>

<i>H. Sweet.</i>

<h1>Buzz</h1>
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<hw>Buzz</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A continuous, humming noise, as of bees; a confused murmur, as of general conversation in low tones, or of a general expression of surprise or approbation.</def> "The constant <i>buzz</i> of a fly."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<hr>
<page="198">
Page 198<p>

<blockquote>I found the whole room in a <b>buzz</b> of politics.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is a <b>buzz</b> all around regarding the sermon.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A whisper; a report spread secretly or cautiously.</def>

<blockquote>There's a certain <b>buzz</b>
Of a stolen marriage.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>The audible friction of voice consonants.</def>

<i>H. Sweet.</i>

<h1>Buzzard</h1>
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<hw>Buz"zard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[O.E. <ets>busard</ets>, <ets>bosard</ets>, F. <ets>busard</ets>, fr. <ets>buse</ets>, L. <ets>buteo</ets>, a kind of falcon or hawk.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of prey of the Hawk family, belonging to the genus <i>Buteo</i> and related genera.</def>

<note>&hand; The <spn>Buteo vulgaris</spn> is the common <i>buzzard</i> of Europe. The American species (of which the most common are <spn>B. borealis</spn>, <spn>B. Pennsylvanicus</spn>, and <spn>B. lineatus</spn>) are usually called <i>hen hawks</i>. -- The rough-legged buzzard, or <i>bee hawk</i>, of Europe (<spn>Pernis apivorus</spn>) feeds on bees and their larv\'91, with other insects, and reptiles. -- The moor buzzard of Europe is <spn>Circus \'91ruginosus</spn>. See <er>Turkey buzzard</er>, and <er>Carrion buzzard</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Bald buzzard</col>, <cd>the fishhawk or osprey. See <er>Fishhawk</er>.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A blockhead; a dunce.</def>

<blockquote>It is common, to a proverb, to call one who can not be taught, or who continues obstinately ignorant, <b>a buzzard</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buzzard</h1>
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<hw>Buz"zard</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Senseless; stupid.</def> <mark>[R.& Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Buzzardet</h1>
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<hw>Buz"zard*et`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hawk resembling the buzzard, but with legs relatively longer.</def>

<h1>Buzzer</h1>
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<hw>Buzz"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, buzzes; a whisperer; a talebearer.</def>

<blockquote>And wants not <b>buzzers</b> to infect his ear
With pestilent speeches of his father's death.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Buzzingly</h1>
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<hw>Buzz"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a buzzing manner; with a buzzing sound.</def>

<h1>Buzzsaw</h1>
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<hw>Buzz"saw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <def>A circular saw; -- so called from the buzzing it makes when running at full speed.</def>

<h1>By</h1>
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<hw>By</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>bi</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'c6</ets>, <ets>big</ets>, near to, by, of, from, after, according to; akin to OS.& OFries. <ets>bi</ets>, <ets>be</ets>, D. <ets>bij</ets>, OHG. <ets>b\'c6</ets>, G. <ets>bie</ets>, Goth. <ets>bi</ets>, and perh. Gr.<ets><?/</ets>. E. prefix <ets>be-</ets> is orig.the same word. <?/ See <ets>pref</ets>. <er>Be</er>-.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In the neighborhood of; near or next to; not far from; close to; along with; <as>as, come and sit <ex>by</ex> me</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>By</b> foundation or <b>by</b> shady rivulet
He sought them both.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>On; along; in traversing. Compare 5.</def>

<blockquote>Long labors both <b>by</b> sea and land he bore.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>By</b> land, <b>by</b> water, they renew the charge.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Near to, while passing; hence, from one to the other side of; past; <as>as, to go <ex>by</ex> a church</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Used in specifying adjacent dimensions; <as>as, a cabin twenty feet <ex>by</ex> forty</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Against.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tyndale [1. Cor. iv. 4].</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>With, as means, way, process, etc.; through means of; with aid of; through; through the act or agency of; <as>as, a city is destroyed <ex>by</ex> fire</as>; profit is made <i>by</i> commerce; to take <i>by</i> force.</def>

<note>To the meaning of <i>by</i>, as denoting means or agency, belong, more or less closely, most of the following uses of the word: <sd>(a)</sd> It points out the author and producer; as, "Waverley", a novel <i>by</i> Sir W.Scott; a statue <i>by</i> Canova; a sonata <i>by</i> Beethoven. <sd>(b)</sd> In an oath or adjuration, it indicates the being or thing appealed to as sanction; as, I affirm to you <i>by</i> all that is sacred; he swears <i>by</i> his faith as a Christian; no, <i>by</i> Heaven. <sd>(c)</sd> According to; by direction, authority, or example of; after; -- in such phrases as, it appears <i>by</i> his account; ten o'clock <i>by</i> my watch; to live <i>by</i> rule; a model to build <i>by</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> At the rate of; according to the ratio or proportion of; in the measure or quantity of; as, to sell cloth <i>by</i> the yard, milk <i>by</i> the quart, eggs <i>by</i> the dozen, meat <i>by</i> the pound; to board <i>by</i> the year. <sd>(e)</sd> In comparison, it denotes the measure of excess or deficiency; when anything is increased or diminished, it indicates the measure of increase or diminution; as, larger <i>by</i> a half; older <i>by</i> five years; to lessen <i>by</i> a third. <sd>(f)</sd> It expresses continuance or duration; during the course of; within the period of; as, <i>by</i> day, <i>by</i> night. <sd>(g)</sd> As soon as; not later than; near or at; -- used in expressions of time; as, <i>by</i> this time the sun had risen; he will be here <i>by</i> two o'clock.</note>

<note>In boxing the compass, <i>by</i> indicates a pint nearer to, or towards, the next cardinal point; as, north <i>by</i> east, <it>i.e.</it>, a point towards the east from the north; northeast <i>by</i> east, <it>i.e.</it>, on point nearer the east than northeast is.</note>

<note>&hand; <i>With</i> is used instead of <i>by</i> before the instrument with which anything is done; as, to beat one <i>with</i> a stick; the board was fastened by the carpenter <i>with</i> nails. But there are many words which may be regarded as means or processes, or, figuratively, as instruments; and whether <i>with</i> or <i>by</i> shall be used with them is a matter of arbitrary, and often, of unsettled usage; as, to a reduce a town <i>by</i> famine; to consume stubble <i>with</i> fire; he gained his purpose <i>by</i> flattery; he entertained them <i>with</i> a story; he distressed us <i>with</i> or <i>by</i> a recital of his sufferings. see <er>With</er>.</note>

<cs><col>By all means</col>, <cd>most assuredly; without fail; certainly.</cd> -- <col>By and by</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Close together (of place).</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Two yonge knightes liggyng [lying] <i>by and by</i>." <i>Chaucer</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Immediately; at once.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "When . . . persecution ariseth because of the word, <i>by and by</i> he is offended." <i>Matt. xiii. 21</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>Presently; pretty soon; before long.</cd> <note>In this phrase, <i>by</i> seems to be used in the sense of <i>nearness in time</i>, and to be repeated for the sake of emphasis, and thus to be equivalent to "soon, <i>and soon</i>," that is instantly; hence, -- less emphatically, -- pretty soon, presently.</note> -- <col>By one's self</col>, <cd>with only one's self near; alone; solitary.</cd>- <col>By the bye</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bye</er>.</cd> -- <col>By the head</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>having the bows lower than the stern; -- said of a vessel when her head is lower in the water than her stern. If her stern is lower, she is by the stern.</cd> -- <col>By the lee</col>, <cd>the situation of a vessel, going free, when she has fallen off so much as to bring the wind round her stern, and to take her sails aback on the other side.</cd> -- <col>By the run</col>, <cd>to let go <i>by the run</i>, to let go altogether, instead of slacking off.</cd> -- <col>By the way</col>, <cd>by the bye; -- used to introduce an incidental or secondary remark or subject.</cd> -<mcol><col>Day by day</col>, <col>One by one</col>, <col>Piece by piece</col>, etc.</mcol>, <cd>each day, each one, each piece, etc., by itself singly or separately; each severally.</cd> -- <col>To come by</col>, <cd>to get possession of; to obtain.</cd> -- <col>To do by</col>, <cd>to treat, to behave toward.</cd> -- <col>To set by</col>, <cd>to value, to esteem.</cd> -- <col>To stand by</col>, <cd>to aid, to support.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; The common phrase good-by is equivalent to <i>farewell</i>, and would be better written <i>good-bye</i>, as it is a corruption of <i>God be with you</i> (<i>b'w'ye</i>).</note>

<h1>By</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Near; in the neighborhood; present; <as>as, there was no person <ex>by</ex> at the time</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Passing near; going past; past; beyond; <as>as, the procession has gone <ex>by</ex></as>; a bird flew <i>by</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Aside; <as>as, to lay <ex>by</ex></as>; to put <i>by</i>.</def>

<h1>By</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Out of the common path; aside; -- used in composition, giving the meaning of something aside, secondary, or incidental, or collateral matter, a thing private or avoiding notice; <as>as, <i>by</i>-line, <i>by</i>-place, <i>by</i>-play, <i>by</i>-street</as>. It was formerly more freely used in composition than it is now; <as>as, <i>by</i>-business, <i>by</i>-concernment, <i>by</i>-design, <i>by</i>-interest, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Byard</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A piece of leather crossing the breast, used by the men who drag sledges in coal mines.</def>

<h1>By-bidder</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-bid`der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bids at an auction in behalf of the auctioneer or owner, for the purpose of running up the price of articles.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>By-blow</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-blow`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A side or incidental blow; an accidental blow.</def>

<blockquote>With their <b>by-blows</b> they did split the very stones in pieces.
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An illegitimate child; a bastard.</def>

<blockquote>The Aga speedily . . . brought her [his disgraced slave] to court, together with her pretty <b>by-blow</b>, the present Padre Ottomano.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>By-corner</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-cor`ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A private corner.</def>

<blockquote>Britain being a by-corner, out of the road of the world.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>By-dependence</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-de*pend`ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An appendage; that which depends on something else, or is distinct from the main dependence; an accessory.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>By-drinking</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-drink`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A drinking between meals.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bye</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>Bye</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thing not directly aimed at; something which is a secondary object of regard; an object by the way, etc.; as in <i>on</i> or <i>upon the bye</i>, <it>i.e.</it>, in passing; indirectly; by implication.</def> <mark>[Obs. except in the phrase by the bye.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Synod of Dort condemneth upon the <b>bye</b> even the discipline of the Church of England.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>A run made upon a missed ball; <as>as, to steal a bye</as>.</def>

<i>T. Hughes.</i>

<cs><col>By the bye</col>, <cd>in passing; by way of digression; apropos to the matter in hand.</cd> <altsp>[Written also <asp>by the by<asp>.]</altsp></cs>

<h1>Bye</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>Bye</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.<ets>b</ets><?/; cf. Icel. <ets>byg</ets><?/ dwelling, <ets>byggia</ets>, <ets>b<?/a</ets>, to dwell &root;97.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A dwelling.</def>

<i>Gibson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In certain games, a station or place of an individual player.</def>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>By-election</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-e*lec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An election held by itself, not at the time of a general election.</def>

<h1>By-end</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-end`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Private end or interest; secret purpose; selfish advantage.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bye-end</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>"Profit or some other <b>by-end</b>."
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bygone</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"gone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Past; gone by.</def>

"<i>Bygone</i> fooleries."
<i>Shak</i>

<h1>Bygone</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"gone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something gone by or past; a past event.</def>

"Let old <b>bygones</b> be"
<i>Tennyson.</i>

<cs><col>Let bygones be bygones</col>, <cd>let the past be forgotten.</cd></cs>

<h1>By-interest</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-in`ter*est</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Self-interest; private advantage.</def>

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<h1>Byland</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A peninsula.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Bylander</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"land*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bilander</er>.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>^^By-lane</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>^^By"-lane`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A private lane, or one opening out of   the usual road.</def>

<h1>By-law</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-law`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.Sw.<ets>bylag</ets>, D.<ets>bylov</ets>, Icel.<ets>b<?/arl\'94g</ets>, fr.Sw.& Dan. <ets>by</ets> town, Icel. <ets>b\'91r</ets>, <ets>byr</ets> (fr. <ets>b\'96a</ets> to dwell) + the word for <ets>law</ets>; hence, a law for one town, a special law. Cf.<er>Birlaw</er> and see <er>Law</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A local or subordinate law; a private law or regulation made by a corporation for its own government.</def>

<blockquote>There was likewise a law to restrain the <b>by-laws</b>, or ordinances of corporations.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The law or institution; to which are added two <b>by-laws</b>, as a comment upon the general law.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A law that is less important than a general law or constitutional provision, and subsidiary to it; a rule relating to a matter of detail; as, civic societies often adopt a constitution and <i>by-laws<i> for the government of their members. In this sense the word has probably been influenced by <i>by<i>, meaning <i>secondary<i> or <i>aside<i>.</def>

<h1>By-name</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-name`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nickname.</def>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Byname</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"name`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give a nickname to.</def>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>By-pass</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-pass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A by-passage, for a pipe, or other channel, to divert circulation from the usual course.</def>

<h1>By-passage</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-pas`sage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A passage different from the usual one; a byway.</def>

<h1>By-past</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-past</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Past; gone by.</def> "<i>By-past</i> perils."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bypath</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"path`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bypaths</plw>(<?/).</plu> <def>A private path; an obscure way; indirect means.</def>

<blockquote>God known, my son,
By what <b>bypaths</b>, and indirect crooked ways,
I met this crown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>By-place</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-place`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A retired or private place.</def>

<h1>Byplay</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"play</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Action carried on aside, and commonly in dumb show, while the main action proceeds.</def>

<h1>By-product</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-prod`uct</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A secondary or additional product; something produced, as in the course of a manufacture, in addition to the principal product.</def>

<h1>Byre</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>Byre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf, Icel. <ets>b\'81r</ets> pantry, Sw. <ets>bur</ets> cage,Dan. <ets>buur</ets>, E.<ets>bower</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cow house.</def> <mark>[N. of Eng.& Scot.]</mark>

<h1>By-respect</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-re*spect`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Private end or view; by-interest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Byroad</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"road`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A private or obscure road.</def> "Through slippery <b>byroads</b>"

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Byronic</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"ron`ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or in the style of, Lord Byron.</def>

<blockquote>With despair and <b>Byronic misanthropy</b>.
<i>Thackeray</i></blockquote>

<h1>By-room</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-room`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A private room or apartment.</def>  "Stand in some <i>by-room</i>"

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Bysmottered</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"*smot`ter*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p.a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Besmut</er>.]</ety> <def>Bespotted with mud or dirt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>By-speech</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-speech`</hw><tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An incidental or casual speech, not directly relating to the point.</def> "To quote <i>by-speeches</i>."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>By-spell</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-spell`</hw><tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>bigspell</ets>.]</ety> <def>A proverb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Byss</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>Byss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Byssus</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</def>

<h1>Byssaceous</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>Bys*sa"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Byssus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Byssuslike; consisting of fine fibers or threads, as some very delicate filamentous alg\'91.</def>

<h1>Byssiferous</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>Bys*sif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Byssus</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing a byssus or tuft.</def>

<h1>Byssin</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>Bys"sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Byssus</er>, <tt>n.,</tt> 1.</def>

<h1>Byssine</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>Bys"sine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>byssinus</ets> made of byssus, Gr.<?/ See <er>Byssus</er>.]</ety> <def>Made of silk; having a silky or flaxlike appearance.</def>

<i>Coles.</i>

<h1>Byssoid</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>Bys"soid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Byssus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Byssaceous.</def>

<h1>Byssolite</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>Bys"so*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/ See flax + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An olive-green fibrous variety of hornblende.</def>

<h1>Byssus</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>Bys"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Byssuses</plw><tt>(#)</tt>; L. <plw>Byssi</plw>.</plu><tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>byssus</ets> fine flax, fine linen or cotton, Gr. <?/ .]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A cloth of exceedingly fine texture, used by the ancients. It is disputed whether it was of cotton, linen, or silk.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>byss</asp> and <asp>byssin</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tuft of long, tough filaments which are formed in a groove of the foot, and issue from between the valves of certain bivalve mollusks, as the <i>Pinna</i> and <i>Mytilus</i>, by which they attach themselves to rocks, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An obsolete name for certain fungi composed of slender threads.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Asbestus.</def>

<h1>Bystander</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"stand`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>By</ets> + <ets>stander</ets>, equiv. to <ets>stander-by</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>big-standan</ets> to stand by or near.]</ety> <def>One who stands near; a spectator; one who has no concern with the business transacting.</def>

<blockquote>He addressed the <b>bystanders</b> and scattered pamphlets among them.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Looker on; spectator; beholder; observer.</syn>

<h1>By-street</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-street`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A separate, private, or obscure street; an out of the way or cross street.</def>

<blockquote>He seeks <b>by-streets</b>, and saves the expensive coach.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>By-stroke</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-stroke`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An accidental or a slyly given stroke.</def>

<h1>By-turning</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-turn`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An obscure road; a way turning from the main road.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>By-view</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-view`</hw><tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A private or selfish view; self-interested aim or purpose.</def>

<blockquote>No <b>by-views</b> of his own shall mislead him.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>By-walk</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-walk`</hw><tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>secluded or private walk.</def>

<blockquote>He moves afterward in <b>by-walks</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>By-wash</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-wash`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The outlet from a dam or reservoir; also, a cut to divert the flow of water.</def>

<h1>Byway</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A secluded, private, or obscure way; a path or road aside from the main one.</def> " Take no <i>byways.</i>"

<i>Herbert.</i>

<h1>By-wipe</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"-wipe`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A secret or side stroke, as of raillery or sarcasm.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Byword</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"word`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.<ets>b\'8bword</ets>; <ets>b\'8b</ets>, E.<ets>by+word</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A common saying; a proverb; a saying that has a general currency.</def>

<blockquote>I knew a wise man that had it for a <b>byword</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The object of a contemptuous saying.</def>

<blockquote>Thou makest us a <b>byword</b> among the heathen.
<i>Ps. xliv. 14</i></blockquote>

<h1>Bywork</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By"work</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Work aside from regular work; subordinate or secondary business.</def>

<h1>Byzant, Byzantine</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw><hw>Byz"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Byz"an*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt><hw><ety>[OE. <ets>besant</ets>, <ets>besaunt</ets>, F. <ets>besant</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>Byzantius</ets>, <ets>Byzantinus</ets>, fr. <ets>Byzantium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Numis.)</fld> <def>A gold coin, so called from being coined at Byzantium. <er>See Bezant</er>.</def>

<h1>Bizantian</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>Bi*zan"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.& n.</tt> <def>See <er>Byzantine</er>.</def>

<h1>Byzantine</h1>
<Xpage=198>

<hw>By*zan"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Byzantium.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Byzantium, now Constantinople; sometimes, applied to an inhabitant of the modern city of Constantinople.</def></def2>  <altsp>[ Written also <er>Bizantine</er>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Byzantine church</col>, <cd>the Eastern or Greek church, as distinguished from the Western or Roman or Latin church.See under <er>Greek</er>.</cd> -- <col>Byzantine empire</col>, <cd>the Eastern Roman or Greek empire from A.D. 364 or A.D. 395 to the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, A.D. 1453.</cd> -- <col>Byzantine historians</col>, <cd>historians and writers (Zonaras, Procopius, etc.) who lived in the Byzantine empire.</cd> <i>P. Cyc.</i></cs>

<cs><col>Byzantine style</col> (<fld>Arch</fld>.), <cd>a style of architecture developed in the Byzantine empire.</cd> <note>Its leading forms are the round arch, the dome, the pillar, the circle, and the cross. The capitals of the pillars are the endless variety, and full of invention. The mosque of St. Sophia, Constantinople, and the church of St. Mark, Venice, are prominent examples of Byzantine architecture.</note>

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<centered><point26>C.</point26></centered>

<h1>C</h1>
<Xpage=199>

<hw>C</hw>. <tt>(<?/)</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>C is the third letter of the English alphabet. It is from the Latin letter C, which in old Latin represented the sounds of <i>k</i>, and <i>g</i> (in <i>go</i>); its original value being the latter. In Anglo-Saxon words, or Old English before the Norman Conquest, it always has the sound of <i>k</i>. The Latin C was the same letter as the Greek <GAMMA/, &gamma;, and came from the Greek alphabet. The Greek <i>got</i> it from the Phoenicians. The English name of C is from the Latin name <i>ce</i>, and was derived, probably, through the French. Etymologically C is related to <i>g</i>, <i>h</i>, <i>k</i>, <i>q</i>, <i>s</i> (and other sibilant sounds). Examples of these relations are in L. a<i>c</i>utus, E. a<i>c</i>ute, a<i>g</i>ue; E. a<i>c</i>rid, ea<i>g</i>ar; L. <i>c</i>ornu, E. <i>h</i>orn; E. <i>c</i>at, <i>k</i>itten; E. <i>c</i>oy, <i>q</i>uiet; L. <i>c</i>ir<i>c</i>are, OF. <i>c</i>er<i>ch</i>ier, E. <i>s</i>ear<i>ch</i>.</def>

<note>See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, \'c5\'c5 221-228.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>(a) The keynote of the normal or "natural" scale, which has neither flats nor sharps in its signature; also, the third note of the relative minor scale of the same <sd>(b)</sd> C after the clef is the mark of common time, in which each measure is a semibreve (four fourths or crotchets); for <i>alla breve</i> time it is written <?/ <sd>(c)</sd> The "C clef," a modification of the letter C, placed on any line of the staff, abows that line to be middle C.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>As a numeral, C stands for Latin <ets>centum</ets> or 100, CC for 200, etc.</def>

<cs><col>C spring</col>, <cd>a spring in the form of the letter C.</cd></cs>

<h1>Caaba</h1>
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<hw>Ca*a"ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>ka'ban</ets>, let, a square building, fr. <ets>ka'b</ets> cube]</ety> <def>The small and nearly cubical stone building, toward which all Mohammedans must pray.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kaaba</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; The <i>Caaba</i> is situated in Mecca, a city of Arabia, and contains a famous black stone said to have been brought from heaven. Before the time of Mohammed, the <i>Caaba</i> was an idolatrous temple, but it has since been the chief sanctuary and object of pilgrimage of the Mohammedan world.</note>

<h1>Caas</h1>
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<hw>Caas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def>Case.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.

<h1>Cab</h1>
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<hw>Cab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>cabriolet</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of close carriage with two or four wheels, usually a public vehicle.</def> "A <i>cab</i> came clattering up."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<note>&hand; A <i>cab</i> may have two seats at right to the driver's seat, and a door behind; or one seat parallel to the driver's, with the entrance from the side or front.</note>

<cs><col>Hansom cab</col>. <cd>See <er>Hansom</er>.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The covered part of a locomotive, in which the engineer has his station.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Cab</h1>
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<hw>Cab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>gab</ets>, fr. <ets>q\'bebab</ets> to hollow.]</ety> <def>A Hebrew dry measure, containing a little over two (2.37) pints.</def>

<i>W. H. Ward. 2 Kings vi. 25.</i>

<h1>Cabal</h1>
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<hw>Ca*bal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cabale</ets> cabal, cabala LL. <ets>cabala</ets> cabala, fr. Heb. <ets>qabb\'bel\'c7h</ets> reception, tradition, mysterious doctrine, fr. <ets>q\'bebal</ets> to take or receive, in Pi\'89l qibbel to abopt (a doctrine).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tradition; occult doctrine. See <er>Cabala</er></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hakewill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A secret.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The measuring of the temple, a <i>cabal</i> found out but lately."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A number of persons united in some close design, usually to promote their private views and interests in church or state by intrigue; a secret association composed of a few designing persons; a junto.</def>

<note>It so happend, by a whimsical coincidence, that in 1671 the cabinet consisted of five persons, the initial letters of whose names made up the word <i>cabal<i>; Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley, and Lauderdale.</note>

<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The secret artifices or machinations of a few persons united in a close design; in intrigue.</def>

<blockquote>By cursed <b>cabals</b> of women.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Syn</col>. <cd>- Junto; intrigue; plot; combination; conspiracy. -- <er>Cabal</er>, <er>Combination</er>, <er>Faction</er>. An association for some purpose considered to be bad is the idea common to these terms. A <i>combination<i> is an organized union of individuals for mutual support, in urging their demands or resisting the claims of others, and may be good or bad according to circumstances; as, a <i>combiniation<i> of workmen or of employers to effect or to prevent a chang in prices. A <i>cabal<i> is a secret association of a few individuals who seek by cunning practices to obtain office and power. A <i>faction<i> is a larger body than a <i>cabal<i>, employed for selfish purposes in agitating the community and working up an excitement with a view to change the existing order of things. "Selfishness, insubordination, and laxity of morals give rise to <i>combinations<i>, which belong particularly to the lower orders of society. Restless, jealous, ambitious, and little minds are ever forming <i>cabals<i>. <i>Factions<i> belong especially to free governments, and are raised by busy and turbulent spirits for selfish porposes".</cd></cs>

<i>Crabb.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cabal</h1>
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<hw>Ca*bal"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>int. & p. p./pos> <er>Caballed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Caballing</er>]</wordforms>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cabaler</ets>.]</ety> <def>To unite in a small party to promote private views and interests by intrigue; to intrigue; to plot.</def>

<blockquote><b>Caballing</b> still against it with the great.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cabala</h1>
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<hw>Cab"a*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. See <er>Cabal</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of occult theosophy or traditional interpretation of the Scriptures among Jewish rabbis and certain medi\'91val Christians, which treats of the nature of god and the mystery of human existence. It assumed that every letter, word, number, and accent of Scripture contains a hidden sense; and it teaches the methods of interpretation for ascertaining these occult meanings. The cabalists pretend even to foretell events by this means.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Secret science in general; mystic art; mystery.</def>

<h1>Cabalism</h1>
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<hw>Cab"a*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cabalisme</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The secret science of the cabalists.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A superstitious devotion to the mysteries of the religion which one professes.</def> <mark>[R]</mark>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Cabalist</h1>
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<hw>Cab"a*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>cabaliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in the cabala, or the mysteries of Jewish traditions.</def> "Studious cabalists."

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Cabalistic, Cabalistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cab`a*lis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cab`a*lis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the cabala; containing or conveying an occult meaning; mystic.</def>

<blockquote>The Heptarchus is a <b>cabalistic</b> of the first chapter of Genesis.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cabaalistically</h1>
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<hw>Caba`a*lis"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a cabalistic manner.</def>

<h1>Cabalize</h1>
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<hw>Cab"a*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>cabaliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To use cabalistic language.</def> <mark>[R]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Caballer</h1>
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<hw>Ca*bal"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who cabals.</def>

<blockquote>A close <b>caballer</b> and tongue-valiant lord.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Caballine</h1>
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<hw>Cab"al*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>caballinus</ets>, fr. <ets>caballus</ets> a nag. Cf.  <er>Cavalier</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a horse.</def>   -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Caballine aloes.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Caballine aloes</col>, <cd>an inferior and impure kind of aloes formerly used in veterinary practice; -- called also <altname>horse aloes</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Caballine spring</col>, <cd>the fountain of Hippocrene, on Mount Helicon; -- fabled to have been formed by a stroke from the foot of the winged horse Pegasus.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cabaret</h1>
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<hw>Cab"a*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A tavern; a house where liquors are retailed.</def> <mark>[Obs. as an English word.]</mark>

<h1>Cabas</h1>
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<hw>Ca*bas"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A flat basket or frail for figs, etc.; Hence, a lady's flat workbasket, reticule, or hand bag; -- often written <asp>caba</asp>.</def>

<i>C. Bront\'82.</i>

<h1>Cabasson</h1>
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<hw>Ca*bas"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A speciec of armadillo of the genus <spn>Xenurus</spn> (<spn>X. unicinctus</spn> and <spn>X. hispidus</spn>); the tatouay.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Kabassou</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cabbage</h1>
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<hw>Cab"bage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cabage</ets>, fr. F. <ets>cabus</ets> headed (of cabbages), chou <ets>cobus</ets> headed cabbage, cabbage head; cf. It. <ets>capuccio</ets> a little head, <ets>cappuccio</ets> cowl, hood, cabbage, fr. <ets>capo</ets> head, L. <ets>caput</ets>, or fr. It. <ets>cappa</ets> cape. See <er>Chiff</er>, <er>Cape</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An esculent vegetable of many varieties, derived from the wild <spn>Brassica oleracea</spn> of Europe. The common cabbage has a compact head of leaves. The cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, etc., are sometimes classed as cabbages.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The terminal bud of certain palm trees, used, like, cabbage, for food. See <cref>Cabbage tree</cref>, below.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The cabbage palmetto. See below.</def>

<cs><col>Cabbage aphis</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a green plant-louse (<spn>Aphis brassic\'91</spn>) which lives upon the leaves of the cabbage.</cd> -- <col>Cabbage Beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small, striped flea-beetle (<spn>Phyllotreta vittata</spn>) which lives, in the larval state, on the roots, and when adult, on the leaves, of cabbage and other cruciferous plants.</cd> -- <col>Cabbage butterfly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a white butterfly (<spn>Pieris rap\'91</spn> of both Europe and America, and the Allied <spn>P. oleracea</spn>, a native American species) which, in the larval state, devours the leaves of the cabbage and the turnip. See <cref>Cabbage worm</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Cabbage Fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small two-winged fly (<spn>Anthomyia brassic\'91</spn>), which feeds, in the larval or maggot state, on the roots of the cabbage, often doing much damage to the crop.</cd> -- <col>Cabbage head</col>, <cd>the compact head formed by the leaves of a cabbage; -- contemptuously or humorously, and colloquially, a very stupid and silly person; a numskull.</cd> -- <col>Cabbage palmetto</col>, <cd>a species of palm tree (<spn>Sabal Palmetto</spn>) found along the coast from North Carolina to Florida.</cd> -- <col>Cabbage rose</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of rose (<spn>Rosa centifolia</spn>) having large and heavy blossoms.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cabbage tree</col>, <col>Cabbage palm</col></mcol>, <cd>a name given to palms having a terminal bud called a <i>cabbage<i>, as the <spn>Sabal Palmetto</spn> of the United States, and the <spn>Euterpe oleracea</spn> and <spn>Oreodoxa oleracea</spn> of the West Indies.</cd> -- <col>Cabbage worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of several species of moths and butterfies, which attacks cabbages. The most common is usully the larva of a white butterfly. See <cref>Cabbage Butterfly</cref>, above. The cabbage cutworms, which eat off the stalks or young plants during the night, are the larv\'91 of several species of moths, of the genus <spn>Agrotis</spn>. See <er>Cutworm</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sea cabbage</col>.<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Sea kale</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>. <cd>The original Plant (<spn>Brassica oleracea</spn>), from which the cabbage, cauliflower, , broccoli, etc., have been derived by cultivation.</cd> -- <col>Thousand-headed cabbage</col>. <cd>See <er>Brussels sprouts</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cabbage</h1>
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<hw>Cab"bage</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form a head like that the cabbage; <as>as, to make lettuce <ex>cabbage</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Cabbage</h1>
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<hw>Cab"bage</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p</tt> <er>Cabbaged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cabbaging</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.<ets>cabasser</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>cabas</ets> theft; cf. F. <ets>cabas</ets> basket, and OF. <ets>cabuser</ets> to cheat.]</ety> <def>To purloin or embezzle, as the pieces of cloth remaining after cutting out a garment; to pilfer.</def>

<blockquote>Your tailor . . . cabbages whole yards of cloth.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cabbage</h1>
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<hw>Cab"bage</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cloth or clippings cabbaged or purloined by one who cuts out garments.</def>

<h1>Cabbler</h1>
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<hw>Cab"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who works at cabbling.</def>

<h1>Cabbling</h1>
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<hw>Cab"bling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Metal)</fld> <def>The process of breaking up the flat masses into which wrought iron is first hammered, in order that the pieces may be reheated and wrought into bar iron.</def>

<h1>Cabe\'87a, Cabesse</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ca*be"\'87a</hw>, <hw>Ca*besse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>cabe\'87a</ets>, F. <ets>cabesse</ets>.]</ety> <def>The finest kind of silk received from India.</def>

<h1>Caber</h1>
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<hw>Ca"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael]</ety> <def>A pole or beam used in Scottish games for tossing as a trial of strength.</def>

<h1>Cabezon</h1>
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<hw>Cab`e*zon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., properly, big head. Cf. <er>Cavesson</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A California fish (<spn>Hemilepidotus spinosus</spn>), allied to the sculpin.</def>

<h1>Cabiai</h1>
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<hw>Cab"i*ai</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native South American name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The capybara. See <er>Capybara</er>.</def>

<h1>Cabin</h1>
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<hw>Cab"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>caban</ets>, fr. W. <ets>caban</ets> booth, cabin, dim. of <ets>cab</ets> cot, tent; or fr. F. <ets>cabane</ets>, <ets>cabine</ets>, LL. <ets>cabanna</ets>, perh. from the Celtic.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cottage or small house; a hut.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<blockquote>A hunting <b>cabin</b> in the west.
<i>E. Everett.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small room; an inclosed place.</def>

<blockquote>So long in secret <b>cabin</b> there he held
Her captive.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A room in ship for officers or passengers.</def>

<cs><col>Cabin boy</col>, <cd>a boy whose duty is wait on the officers and passengers in the cabin of a ship.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cabin</h1>
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<hw>Cab"in</hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cabined</er> <tt>(-?nd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cabining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To live in, or as in, a cabin; to lodge.</def>

<blockquote>I'll make you . . . <b>cabin</b> in a cave.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cabin</h1>
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<hw>Cab"in</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To confine in, or as in, a cabin.</def>

<blockquote>I am <b>cabined</b>, cribbed, confined, bound in
To saucy doubts and fears.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cabinet</h1>
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<hw>Cab"i*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>cabine</ets> or <ets>cabane</ets>. See <er>Cabin</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hut; a cottage; a small house.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Hearken a while from thy green <b>cabinet</b>,
The rural song of careful Colinet.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small room, or retired apartment; a closet.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A private room in which consultations are held.</def>

<blockquote>Philip passed some hours every day in his father's cabinet.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The advisory council of the chief executive officer of a nation; a cabinet council.</def>

<note>&hand; In England, the <i>cabinet</i> or <i>cabinet council</i> consists of those privy coucilors who actually transact the immediate business of the government. <i>Mozley & W.</i> -- In the United States, the <i>cabinet</i> is composed of the heads of the executive departments of the government, namely, the Secretary of State, of the Treasury, of War, of the Navy, of the Interior, and of Agiculture, the Postmaster-general ,and the Attorney-general.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A set of drawers or a cupboard intended to contain articles of value. Hence:</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A decorative piece of furniture, whether open like an \'82tag\'8are or closed with doors. See <er>Etagere</er>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Any building or room set apart for the safe keeping and exhibition of works of art, etc.; also, the collection itself.</def>

<cs><col>Cabinet council</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Same as <er>Cabinet</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4 (of which body it was formerly the full title).</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A meeting of the cabinet.</cd> -- <col>Cabinet councilor</col>, <cd>a member of a cabinet council.</cd> -- <col>Cabinet photograph</col>, <cd>a photograph of a size smaller than an imperial, though larger than a <i>carte de visite<i>.</cd> -- <col>Cabinet picture</col>, <cd>a small and generally highly finished picture, suitable for a small room and for close inspection.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cabinet</h1>
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<hw>Cab"i*net</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suitable for a cabinet; small.</def>

<blockquote>He [Varnhagen von Ense] is a walking <b>cabinet</b> edition of Goethe.
<i>For. Quar. Rev.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cabinet</h1>
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<hw>Cab"i*net</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <tt>Cabineted</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cabineting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To inclose</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hewyt.</i>

<h1>Cabinetmaker</h1>
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<hw>Cab"i*net*mak`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose occupation is to make cabinets or other choice articles of household furniture, as tables, bedsteads, bureaus, etc.</def>

<h1>Cabinetmaking</h1>
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<hw>Cab"i*net*mak`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or occupation of making the finer articles of household furniture.</def>

<h1>Cabinetwork</h1>
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<hw>Cab"i*net*work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or occupation of working upon wooden furniture requiring nice workmanship; also, such furniture.</def>

<h1>Cabirean</h1>
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<hw>Cab`i*re"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>,<tt>n.</tt>One of the Cabiri.</def>

<h1>Cabbiri</h1>
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<hw>Cab*bi"ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[ NL., fr. Gr. <ets><grk>Ka`beiroi</grk></ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>Certain deities originally worshiped with mystical rites by the Pelasgians in Lemnos and Samothrace and afterwards throughout Greece; -- also called sons of Heph\'91stus (or Vulcan), as being masters of the art of working metals.</def> <altsp>[Written also Cabeiri.]</altsp>

<i>Liddell & Scott</i>.

<h1>Cabirian</h1>
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<hw>Ca*bir"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Cabiric</er>.</def>

<h1>Cabiric</h1>
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<hw>Ca*bir"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Cabirique</ets>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Cabiri, or to their mystical worship.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Cabiritic</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cable</h1>
<Xpage=199>

<hw>Ca"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>C\'83ble</ets>,m LL. <ets>capulum</ets>, <ets>caplum</ets>, a rope, fr. L. <ets>capere</ets> to take; cf. D., Dan., & G. <ets>rabel</ets>, from the French. See <er>Capable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large, strong rope or chain, of considerable length, used to retain a vessel at anchor, and for other purposes. It is made of hemp, of steel wire, or of iron links.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rope of steel wire, or copper wire, usually covered with some protecting, or insulating substance; <as>as, the <ex>cable</ex> of a suspension bridge; a telegraphic <ex>cable</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch)</fld> <def>A molding, shaft of a column, or any other member of convex, rounded section, made to resemble the spiral twist of a rope; -- called also <altname>cable molding</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Bower cable</col>, <cd>the cable belonging to the bower anchor.</cd> -- <col>Cable road</col>, <cd>a railway on which the cars are moved by a continuously running endless rope operated by a stationary motor.</cd> -- <col>Cable's length</col>, <cd>the length of a ship's cable. Cables in the merchant service vary in length from 100 to 140 fathoms or more; but as a maritime measure, a cable's length is either 120 fathoms (720 feet), or about 100 fathoms (600 feet, an approximation to one tenth of a nautical mile).</cd> -- <col>Cable tier</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>That part of a vessel where the cables are stowed.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A coil of a cable.</cd> -- <col>Sheet cable</col>, <cd>the cable belonging to the sheet anchor.</cd> -- <col>Stream cable</col>, <cd>a hawser or rope, smaller than the bower cables, to moor a ship in a place sheltered from wind and heavy seas.</cd> -- <col>Submarine cable</col>. <cd>See <er>Telegraph</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To pay out the cable</col>, <col>To veer out the cable</col></mcol>, <cd>to slacken it, that it may run out of the ship; to let more cable run out of the hawse hole.</cd> -- <col>To serve the cable</col>, <cd>to bind it round with ropes, canvas, etc., to prevent its being, worn or galled in the hawse, et.</cd> -- <col>To slip the cable</col>, <cd>to let go the end on board and let it all run out and go overboard, as when there is not time to weigh anchor. Hence, in sailor's use, to die.</cd></cs>

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<h1>Cable</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Ca"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fasten with a cable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>To ornament with cabling.  See <er>Cabling</er>.</def>

<h1>Cable</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Ca"ble</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cabled</er> <tt>(-b'ld)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cabling</er> <tt>(-bl\'ceng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To telegraph by a submarine cable</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<h1>Cabled</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Ca"bled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fastened with, or attached to, a cable or rope.</def> "The <i>cabled</i> stone."

<i>Dyer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Adorned with cabling.</def>

<h1>Cablegram</h1>
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<hw>Ca"ble*gram`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cable</ets>, n. + Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a writing, a letter.]</ety> <def>A message sent by a submarine telegraphic cable.</def> <note>[A recent hybrid, sometimes found in the newspapers.]</note>

<h1>Cablelaid</h1>
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<hw>Ca"ble*laid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Composed of three three-stranded ropes, or hawsers, twisted together to form a cable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Twisted after the manner of a cable; <as>as, a <ex>cable-laid</ex> gold chain</as>.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Cablet</h1>
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<hw>Ca"blet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>cable</ets>; cf. F. <ets>c\'83blot</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little cable less than ten inches in circumference.</def>

<h1>Cabling</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Ca"bling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The decoration of a fluted shaft of a column or of a pilaster with reeds, or rounded moldings, which seem to be laid in the hollows of the fluting. These are limited in length to about one third of the height of the shaft.</def>

<h1>Cabman</h1>
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<hw>Cab"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cabmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The driver of a cab.</def>

<h1>Cabob</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Ca*bob"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hindi <ets>kab\'beb</ets>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small piece of mutton or other meat roasted on a skewer; -- so called in Turkey and Persia.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A leg of mutton roasted, stuffed with white herrings and sweet herbs.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Cabob</h1>
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<hw>Ca*bob"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To roast, as a cabob.</def>

<i>Sir. T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Caboched</h1>
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<hw>Ca*boched"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>caboche</ets> head. Cf. lst <er>Cabbage</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def> Showing the full face, but nothing of the neck; -- said of the head of a beast in armorial bearing.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>caboshed</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Caboodle</h1>
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<hw>Ca*boo"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</fld></tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The whole collection; the entire quantity or number; -- usually in the phrase <i>the whole caboodle</i>.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Caboose</h1>
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<hw>Ca*boose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>kabuis</ets>, <ets>kombuis</ets>, Dan. <ets>kabys</ets>, Sw. <ets>kabysa</ets>, G. <ets>kabuse</ets> a little room or hut. The First part of the word seems to be allied to W. <ets>cab</ets> cabin, booth. Cf. <er>Cabin</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>camboose</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A house on deck, where the cooking is done; -- commonly called the <altname>galley</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A car used on freight or construction trains for brakemen, workmen, etc.; a tool car.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Cabotage</h1>
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<hw>Cab"o*tage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cabotage</ets>, fr. <ets>caboter</ets> to sail along the coast; cf. Sp. <ets>cabo</ets> cape.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Navigation along the coast; the details of coast pilotage.</def>

<h1>Cabr\'82e</h1>
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<hw>Ca*br\'82e"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[French Canadian.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pronghorn antelope.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>cabrit</asp>, <asp>cabret</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cabrerite</h1>
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<hw>Ca*brer"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An apple-green mineral, a hydrous arseniate of nickel, cobalt, and magnesia; -- so named from the Sierra <ets>Cabrera</ets>, Spain.</def>

<h1>Cabrilla</h1>
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<hw>Ca*bril"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., prawn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A name applied to various species of edible fishes of the genus <spn>Serranus</spn>, and related genera, inhabiting the Meditarranean, the coast of California, etc.  In California, some of them are also called <stype>rock bass</stype> and <stype>kelp salmon</stype>.</def>

<h1>Cabriole</h1>
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<hw>Cab"ri*ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Cabriolet</er>, and cf. <er>Capriole</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A curvet; a leap. See <er>Capriole</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>cabrioles</b> which his charger exhibited.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cabriolet</h1>
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<hw>Cab`ri*o*let"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[F., dim. of <ets>cabriole</ets> a leap, caper, from It. <ets>capriola</ets>, fr. dim. of L. <ets>caper</ets> he-goat, <ets>capra</ets> she-goat. This carriage is so called from its skipping lightness. Cf. <er>Cab</er>, <er>Caper</er> a leap.]</ety> <def>A one-horse carriage with two seats and a calash top.</def>

<h1>Cabrit</h1>
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<hw>Ca*brit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Cabr\'82e</er>.</def>

<h1>Caburn</h1>
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<hw>Cab"urn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cable</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small line made of spun yarn, to bind or worm cables, seize tackles, etc.</def>

<h1>Cac\'91mia, Cach\'91mia</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ca*c\'91"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ca*ch\'91"mi*a</hw><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad+ <?/<?/<?/<?/ blood.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A degenerated or poisoned condition of the blood.</def>

<h1>Cacaine</h1>
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<hw>Ca*ca"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The essential principle of cacao; -- now called <altname>theobromine</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cacaj\'eeo</h1>
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<hw>Ca*ca*j\'eeo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A South American short-tailed monkey (<spn>Pithecia (&or; Brachyurus) melanocephala)</spn>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cacajo</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cacao</h1>
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<hw>Ca*ca"o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. Mex. <ets>kakahuatl</ets>. Cf. <er>Cocoa</er>, <er>Chocolate</er>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small evergreen tree (<spn>Theobroma Cacao</spn>) of South America and the West Indies. Its fruit contains an edible pulp, inclosing seeds about the size of an almond, from which cocoa, chocolate, and broma are prepared.</def>

<h1>Cachalot</h1>
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<hw>Cach"a*lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cachalot</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sperm whale (<spn>Physeter macrocephalus</spn>).  It has in the top of its head a large cavity, containing an oily fluid, which, after death, concretes into a whitish crystalline substance called <i>spermaceti</i>. See <er>Sperm whale</er>.</def>

<h1>Cache</h1>
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<hw>Cache</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a hiding place, fr. <ets>cacher</ets> to conceal, to hide.]</ety> <def>A hole in the ground, or hiding place, for concealing and preserving provisions which it is inconvenient to carry.</def>

<i>Kane.</i>

<h1>Cachectic, Cachectical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ca*chec"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ca*chec"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cachecticus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/: cf. F. <ets>cachectique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having, or pertaining to, cachexia; <as>as, <ex>cachectic</ex> remedies; <ex>cachectical</ex> blood.</as></def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Cachepot</h1>
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<hw>Cache`pot"</hw> <tt>(k&adot;sh`p&osl;")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>cacher</ets> to hide + <ets>pot</ets> a pot.]</ety> <def>An ornamental casing for a flowerpot, of porcelain, metal, paper, etc.</def>

<h1>Cachet</h1>
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<hw>Cach"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. fr. <ets>cacher</ets> to hide.]</ety> <def>A seal, as of a letter.</def>

<cs><col>Lettre de cachet</col> <ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>a sealed letter, especially a letter or missive emanating from the sovereign; -- much used in France before the Revolution as an arbitrary order of imprisonment.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cachexia, Cachexy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ca*chex"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ca*chex"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cachexia</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/; <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad + <?/<?/<?/<?/ condition.]</ety> <def>A condition of ill health and impairment of nutrition due to impoverishment of the blood, esp. when caused by a specific morbid process (as cancer or tubercle).</def>

<h1>Cachinnation</h1>
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<hw>Cach`in*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cachinnatio</ets>, fr. <ets>cachinnare</ets> to laugh aloud, cf Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>Loud or immoderate laughter; -- often a symptom of hysterical or maniacal affections.</def>

<blockquote>Hideous grimaces . . . attended this unusual <b>cachinnation</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cachinnatory</h1>
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<hw>Ca*chin"na*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, or accompanied by, immoderate laughter.</def>

<blockquote><b>Cachinnatory</b> buzzes of approval.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cachiri</h1>
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<hw>Ca*chi"ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fermented liquor made in Cayenne from the grated root of the manioc, and resembling perry.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Cacholong</h1>
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<hw>Cach"o*long</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>, <ety>[F. <ets>cacholong</ets>, said to be from <ets>Cach</ets>, the name of a river in Bucharia + <ets>cholon</ets>, a Calmuck word for <ets>stone</ets>; or fr. a Calmuck word meaning "beautiful stone"]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An opaque or milk-white chalcedony, a variety of quartz; also, a similar variety of opal.</def>

<h1>Cachou</h1>
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<hw>Ca`chou"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <ets>Cashoo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A silvered aromatic pill, used to correct the odor of the breath.</def>

<h1>Cachucha</h1>
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<hw>Ca*chu"cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>An Andalusian dance in three-four time, resembing the bolero.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes in English spelled <asp>cachuca</asp> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>The orchestra plays the <b>cachucha</b>.
<i>Logfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cachunde</h1>
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<hw>Ca*chun"de</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A pastil or troche, composed of various aromatic and other ingredients, highly celebrated in India as an antidote, and as a stomachic and antispasmodic.</def>

<h1>Cacique</h1>
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<hw>Ca*cique"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>See Cazique.</def>

<h1>Cack</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Cack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cakken</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cacare</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, and to OIr. Cacc dung; cf. AS. <ets>cac</ets>.]</ety> <def>To ease the body by stool; to go to stool.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Cackerel</h1>
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<hw>Cack"er*el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>caquerel cagarel</ets> (<ets>Cotgr</ets>.), from the root of E. <ets>cack</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The mendole; a small worthless Mediterranean fish considered poisonous by the ancients. See <er>Mendole</er>.</def>

<h1>Cackle</h1>
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<hw>Cac"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cackled</er> <tt>(-k'ld)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cackling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cakelen</ets>; cf. LG. <ets>kakeln</ets>, D. <ets>kakelen</ets>, G. <ets>gackeln</ets>, <ets>gackern</ets>; all of imitative origin. Cf. <er>Gagle</er>, <er>Cake</er> to cackle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a sharp, broken noise or cry, as a hen or goose does.</def>

<blockquote>When every goose is <b>cackling</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To laugh with a broken noise, like the cackling of a hen or a goose; to giggle.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To talk in a silly manner; to prattle.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Cackle</h1>
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<hw>Cac"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The sharp broken noise made by a goose or by a hen that has laid an egg.</def>

<blockquote>By her <b>cackle</b> saved the state.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Idle talk; silly prattle.</def>

<blockquote>There is a buzz and <b>cackle</b> all around regarding the sermon.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cackler</h1>
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<hw>Cac"kler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fowl that cackles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who prattles, or tells tales; a tattler.</def>

<h1>Cackling</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Cac"kling</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The broken noise of a goose or a hen.</def>

<h1>Cacochymia, Cacochymy</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw><hw>Cac`o*chym"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cac"o*chym`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>cacochymia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/; <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ juice: cf. F. <ets>cacochymie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A vitiated state of the humors, or fluids, of the body, especially of the blood.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Cacochymic, Cacochymical</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw><hw>Cac`o*chym"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cac`o*chym"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the fluids of the body vitiated, especially the blood.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Cacodemon</h1>
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<hw>Cac`o*de"mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/; <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ demon: cf. F. <ets>cacod\'82mon</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An evil spirit; a devil or demon.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The nightmare.</def>

<i>Dunaglison.</i>

<h1>Cacodoxical</h1>
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<hw>Cac`o*dox"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Heretical.</def>

<h1>Cacodoxy</h1>
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<hw>Cac"o*dox`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ perverted opinion; <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ opinion.]</ety> <def>Erroneous doctrine; heresy; heterodoxy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Heterodoxy, or what Luther calls <b>cacodoxy</b>.
<i>R. Turnbull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cacodyl</h1>
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<hw>Cac"o*dyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ ill-smelling (<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to smell) + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Alkarsin; a colorless, poisonous, arsenical liquid, <chform>As2(CH3)4</chform>, spontaneously inflammable and possessing an intensely disagreeable odor. It is the type of a series of compounds analogous to the nitrogen compounds called hydrazines.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cacodyle</asp>, and <asp>kakodyl</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cacodylic</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Cac`o*dyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, cacodyl.</def>

<cs><col>Cacodylic acid</col>, <cd>a white, crystalline, deliquescent substance, <chform>(CH3)2AsO.OH</chform>, obtained by the oxidation of cacodyl, and having the properties of an exceedingly stable acid; -- also called <altname>alkargen</altname>.</cd></cs>
<-- # error in original formula corrected! -->

<h1>Caco\'89thes</h1>
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<hw>Cac`o*\'89"thes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ of ill habits, <?/<?/ <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ an ill habit; <?/  bad + <?/ habit]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bad custom or habit; an insatiable desire; <as>as, <ex>caco\'89thes scribendi</ex>, "The itch for writing"</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A bad quality or disposition in a disease; an incurable ulcer.</def>

<h1>Cacogastric</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Cac`o*gas"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ stomach.]</ety> <def>Troubled with bad digestion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Cacographic</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Cac`o*graph`ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, cacography; badly written or spelled.</def>

<h1>Cacography</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Ca*cog`ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad + <ets>-graphy</ets>; cf. F. <ets>cacographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incorrect or bad writing or spelling.</def>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Cacolet</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Ca`co*let"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A chair, litter, or other contrivance fitted to the back or pack saddle of a mule for carrying travelers in mountainous districts, or for the transportation of the sick and wounded of an army.</def>

<h1>Cacology</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Ca*col"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ bad + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cacologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bad speaking; bad choice or use of words.</def>

<i>Buchanan.</i>

<h1>Cacomixle, Cacomixtle, Cacomixl</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw><hw>Ca`co*mix"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ca`co*mix"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ca"co*mix`l</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Mexican name.]</ety> <def>A North American carnivore (<spn>Bassaris astuta</spn>), about the size of a cat, related to the raccoons. It inhabits Mexico, Texas, and California.</def>

<h1>Cacoon</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Ca*coon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the seeds or large beans of a tropical vine (<spn>Entada scandens</spn>) used for making purses, scent bottles, etc.</def>

<h1>Cacophonic, Cacophonical, Cacophonous, Cacophonious</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw><hw>Cac`o*phon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cac`o*phon"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ca*coph"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cac`o*pho"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Harsh-sounding.</def>

<h1>Cacophony</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Ca*coph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cacophonies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/; <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad + <?/<?/<?/<?/ sound: cf. F. <ets>Cacophonie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>An uncouth or disagreable sound of words, owing to the concurrence of harsh letters or syllables.</def> "<i>Cacophonies</i> of all kinds."

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A combination of discordant sounds.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An unhealthy state of the voice.</def>

<h1>Cacotechny</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Cac"o*tech`ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad + <?/ art.]</ety> <def>A corruption or corrupt state of art.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cacoxene, Cacoxenite</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw><hw>Ca*cox"ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ca*cox"e*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bad + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ guest.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous phosphate of iron occurring in yellow radiated tufts. The phosphorus seriously injures it as an iron ore.</def>

<h1>Cactaceous</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Cac*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or like, the family of plants of which the prickly pear is a common example.</def>

<h1>Cactus</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Cac"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> ; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Cactuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <plw>Cacti</plw> <tt>(-t\'c6)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., a kind of cactus, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the order <spn>Cactac\'91</spn>, as the prickly pear and the night-blooming cereus. See <er>Cereus</er>. They usually have leafless stems and branches, often beset with clustered thorns, and are mostly natives of the warmer parts of America.</def>

<cs><col>Cactus wren</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American wren of the genus <spn>Campylorhynchus</spn>, of several species.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cacuminal</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Ca*cu"mi*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cacumen</ets>, <ets>cacuminis</ets>, the top, point.]</ety> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the top of the palate; cerebral; -- applied to certain consonants; <as>as, <ex>cacuminal</ex> (or cerebral) letters</as>.</def>

<h1>Cacuminate</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Ca*cu"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cacuminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cacuminare</ets> to point, fr. <ets>cacumen</ets> point.]</ety> <def>To make sharp or pointed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cad</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Cad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>cadet</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person who stands at the door of an omnibus to open and shut it, and to receive fares; an idle hanger-on about innyards.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lowbred, presuming person; a mean, vulgar fellow.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Cadastral</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw>Ca*das"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to landed property.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Cadastral survey</col>, &or; <col>Cadastral map</col></mcol>, <cd>a survey, map, or plan on a large scale (Usually <feac1x2500/ of the linear measure of the ground, or twenty-five inches to the mile or about an inch to the acre) so as to represent the relative positions and dimensions of objects and estates exactly; -- distinguished from a <i>topographical<i> map, which exaggerates the dimensions of houses and the breadth of roads and streams, for the sake of distinctness.</cd></cs>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Cadastre, Cadaster</h1>
<Xpage=200>

<hw><hw>Ca*das"tre</hw>, <hw>Ca*das"ter</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[f. <ets>cadastre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law.)</fld> <def>An official statement of the quantity and value of real estate for the purpose of apportioning the taxes payable on such property.</def>

<hr>
<page="201">
Page 201<p>

<h1>Cadaver</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Ca*da"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr <ets>cadere</ets> to fall.]</ety> <def>A dead human body; a corpse.</def>

<h1>Cadaveric</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Ca*dav"er*ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a corpse, or the changes produced by death; cadaverous; <as>as, <ex>cadaveric</ex> rigidity</as>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<cs><col>Cadaveric alkaloid</col>, <cd>an alkaloid generated by the processes of decomposition in dead animal bodies, and thought by some to be the cause of the poisonous effects produced by the bodies. See <er>Ptomaine</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cadaverous</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Ca*dav"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cadaverosus</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the appearance or color of a dead human body; pale; ghastly; <as>as, a <ex>cadaverous</ex> look</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to, or having the qualities of, a dead body.</def> "The scent <i>cadaverous</i>."

-- <wordforms><wf>Ca*dav"er*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ca*dav"er*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Cadbait</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Cad"bait`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>codbait</ets>, <ets>cadbote</ets> fly.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Caddice</er>.</def>

<h1>Caddice, Caddis</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw><hw>Cad"dice</hw>, <hw>Cad"dis</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>caddy</ets>, <ets>cadew</ets>; <ets>cf</ets>. <ets>G</ets>. <ets>k\'94der</ets> bait.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of a caddice fly. These larv\'91 generally live in cylindrical cases, open at each end, and covered externally with pieces of broken shells, gravel, bits of wood, etc.  They are a favorite bait with anglers. Called also <altname>caddice worm</altname>, or <altname>caddis worm</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Caddice fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of trichopterous insect, whose larva is the caddice.</cd></cs>

<h1>Caddis</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Cad"dis</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>caddas</ets>, Scot. <ets>caddis</ets> lint, <ets>caddes</ets> a kind of woolen cloth, cf. Gael. <ets>cada</ets>, <ets>cadadh</ets>, a kind of cloth, cotton, fustian, W. <ets>cadas</ets>, F. <ets>cadis</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of worsted lace or ribbon.</def> "<i>Caddises</i>, cambrics, lawns."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Caddish</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Cad"dish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a cad; lowbred and presuming.</def>

<h1>Caddow</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Cad"dow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.  <ets>cadawe</ets>, prob. fr. <ets>ca</ets> chough + <ets>daw</ets> jackdaw; cf. Gael. <ets>cadhag</ets>, <ets>cathag</ets>. Cf. <er>Chough</er>, <er>Daw</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A jackdaw.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Caddy</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Cad"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Caddies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Earlier spelt <ets>catty</ets>, fr. Malay <ets>kat\'c6</ets> a weight of 1\'a7 pounds. Cf. <er>Catty</er>.]</ety> <def>A small box, can, or chest to keep tea in.</def>

<h1>Cade</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Cade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>cad</ets>, <ets>kod</ets>, lamb, also <er>Cosset</er>, <er>Coddle</er>.]</ety> <def>Bred by hand; domesticated; petted.</def>

<blockquote>He brought his <b>cade</b> lamb with him.
<i>Sheldon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cade</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Cade</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bring up or nourish by hand, or with tenderness; to coddle; to tame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Cade</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Cade</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cadus</ets> jar, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A barrel or cask, as of fish.</def> "A <i>cade</i> of herrings."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>cade</b> of herrings is 500, of sprats 1,000.
<i>Jacob, Law Dict.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cade</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Cade</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. & Pr.; LL. <ets>cada</ets>.]</ety> <def>A species of juniper (<spn>Juniperus Oxycedrus</spn>) of Mediterranean countries.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Oil of cade</col>, <col>a thick</col></mcol>, <cd>black, tarry liquid, obtained by destructive distillation of the inner wood of the cade. It is used as a local application in skin diseases.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cadence</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Ca"dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cadence</ets>, <ets>cadens</ets>, LL. <ets>cadentia</ets> a falling, fr. L. <ets>cadere</ets> to fall; cf. F. <ets>cadence</ets>, It. <ets>cadenza</ets>. See <er>Chance</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of declining or sinking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Now was the sun in western <b>cadence</b> low.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fall of the voice in reading or speaking, especially at the end of a sentence.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A rhythmical modulation of the voice or of any sound; <as>as, music of bells in <ex>cadence</ex> sweet</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Blustering winds, which all night long
Had roused the sea, now with hoarse <b>cadence</b> lull
Seafaring men o'erwatched.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The accents . . . were in passion's tenderest <b>cadence</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Rhythmical flow of language, in prose or verse.</def>

<blockquote>Golden <b>cadence</b> of poesy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If in any composition much attention was paid to the flow of the rhythm, it was said (at least in the 14th and 15th centuries) to be "prosed in faire <b>cadence</b>."
<i>Dr. Guest.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cadency</er>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>Harmony and proportion in motions, as of a well-managed horse.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A uniform time and place in marching.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The close or fall of a strain; the point of rest, commonly reached by the immediate succession of the tonic to the dominant chord.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A <i>cadenza</i>, or closing embellishment; a pause before the end of a strain, which the performer may fill with a flight of fancy.</def>

<cs><col>Imperfect cadence</col>. <cd><fld>(Mus.)</fld> See under <er>Imperfect</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cadence</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Ca"dence</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To regulate by musical measure.</def>

<blockquote>These parting numbers, <b>cadenced</b> by my grief.
<i>Philips.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cadency</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Ca"den*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Descent of related families; distinction between the members of a family according to their ages.</def>

<cs><col>Marks of cadency</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>bearings indicating the position of the bearer as older or younger son, or as a descendant of an older or younger son. See <er>Difference</er> <fld>(Her.)</fld>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cadene</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Ca*dene"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cad\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <def>A species of inferior carpet imported from the Levant.</def>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<h1>Cadent</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Ca"dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cadens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>cadere</ets> to fall.]</ety> <def>Falling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Cadent</i> tears."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cadenza</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Ca*den"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A parenthetic flourish or flight of ornament in the course of a piece, commonly just before the final cadence.</def>

<h1>Cader</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Ca"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cadre</er>.</def>

<h1>Cadet</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Ca*det"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cadet</ets> a younger or the youngest son or brother, dim. fr. L. <ets>caput</ets> head; <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., a smaller head of the family, after the first or eldest. See <er>Chief</er>, and cf. <er>Cad</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The younger of two brothers; a younger brother or son; the youngest son.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>cadet</b> of an ancient and noble family.
<i>Wood.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A gentleman who carries arms in a regiment, as a volunteer, with a view of acquiring military skill and obtaining a commission.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A young man in training for military or naval service; esp. a pupil in a military or naval school, as at West Point, Annapolis, or Woolwich.</def>

<note>&hand; All the undergraduates at Annapolis are <i>Naval cadets</i>. The distinction between <i>Cadet midshipmen</i> and <i>Cadet engineers</i> was abolished by Act of Congress in 1882.</note>

<h1>Cadetship</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Ca*det"ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The position, rank, or commission of a cadet; <as>as, to get a <ex>cadetship</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Cadew, Cadeworm</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw><hw>Ca*dew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cade"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A caddice. See <er>Caddice</er>.</def>

<h1>Cadge</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Cadge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cadged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cadging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Scot. <ets>cache</ets>, <ets>caich</ets>, <ets>cadge</ets>, to toss, drive, OE. <ets>cachen</ets> to drive, catch, <ets>caggen</ets> to bind, or perh. E. <ets>cage</ets>. Cf. <er>Cadger</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To carry, as a burden.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hawk or peddle, as fish, poultry, etc.</def> <mark>[Prov.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To intrude or live on another meanly; to beg.</def> <mark>[Prov. or Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Cadge</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Cadge</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. 2d <er>Cadger</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Hawking)</fld> <def>A circular frame on which cadgers carry hawks for sale.</def>

<h1>Cadger</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Cadg"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cadge</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, cf. <er>Codger</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A packman or itinerant huckster.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who gets his living by trickery or begging.</def> <mark>[Prov. or Slang]</mark> "The gentleman <i>cadger</i>."

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Cadger</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Cadg"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cagier</ets> one who catches hawks. Cf. <er>Cage</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Hawking)</fld> <def>One who carries hawks on a cadge.</def>

<h1>Cadgy</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Cadg"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cheerful or mirthful, as after good eating or drinking; also, wanton.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Cadi</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Ca"di</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk. See <er>Alcalde</er>.]</ety> <def>An inferior magistrate or judge among the Mohammedans, usually the judge of a town or village.</def>

<h1>Cadie, Caddie</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw><hw>Cad"ie</hw>, <hw>Cad"die</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Scotch errand boy, porter, or messenger.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cady</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Every Scotchman, from the peer to the <b>cadie</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cadilesker</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Ca`di*les"ker</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>q\'be\'c8\'c6</ets> judge + <ets>al'sker</ets> the army, Per. <ets>leshker</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chief judge in the Turkish empire, so named originally because his jurisdiction extended to the cases of soldiers, who are now tried only by their own officers.</def>

<h1>Cadillac</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Ca*dil"lac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from <ets>Cadillac</ets>, a French town.]</ety> <def>A large pear, shaped like a flattened top, used chiefly for cooking.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<-- 2.  metaphor for the best -->

<h1>Cadis</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Cad"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A kind of coarse serge.</def>

<h1>Cadmean</h1>
<Xpage=201>

<hw>Cad*me"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Cadmeus</ets>, Gr. <?/, from <?/ (L. <ets>Cadmus</ets>), which name perhaps means lit. a man from the East; cf. Heb. <ets>qedem</ets> east.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Cadmus, a fabulous prince of Thebes, who was said to have introduced into Greece the sixteen simple letters of the alphabet -- <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/. These are called <i>Cadmean</i> letters.</def>

<cs><col>Cadmean victory</col>, <cd>a victory that damages the victors as much as the vanquished; probably referring to the battle in which the soldiers who sprang from the dragon's teeth sown by Cadmus slew each other\'3c-- Pyhrric victory? --\'3e.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cadmia</h1>
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<hw>Cad"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cadmia</ets> calamine, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Calamine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An oxide of zinc which collects on the sides of furnaces where zinc is sublimed. Formerly applied to the mineral <i>calamine</i>.</def>

<h1>Cadmian</h1>
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<hw>Cad"mi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[R.]</wordforms> <def>See <er>Cadmean</er>.</def>

<h1>Cadmic</h1>
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<hw>Cad"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cadmium; <as>as, <ex>cadmic</ex> sulphide</as>.</def>

<h1>Cadmium</h1>
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<hw>Cad"mi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Cadmia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A comparatively rare element related to zinc, and occurring in some zinc ores. It is a white metal, both ductile and malleable. Symbol Cd. Atomic weight 111.8. It was discovered by Stromeyer in 1817, who named it from its association with zinc or zinc ore.</def>

<cs><col>Cadmium yellow</col>, <cd>a compound of cadmium and sulphur, of an intense yellow color, used as a pigment.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cadrans</h1>
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<hw>Cad"rans</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cadran</ets>. Cf. <er>Quadrant</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument with a graduated disk by means of which the angles of gems are measured in the process of cutting and polishing.</def>

<h1>Cadre</h1>
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<hw>Ca"dre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cadre</ets>, It. <ets>quadro</ets> square, from L. <ets>quadrum</ets>, fr. <ets>quatuor</ets> four.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The framework or skeleton upon which a regiment is to be formed; the officers of a regiment forming the staff.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cader</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Caducary</h1>
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<hw>Ca*du"ca*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Caducous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Relating to escheat, forfeiture, or confiscation.</def>

<h1>Caducean</h1>
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<hw>Ca*du"ce*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or belonging to Mercury's caduceus, or wand.</def>

<h1>Caduceus</h1>
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<hw>Ca*du"ce*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caduceum</ets>, <ets>caduceus</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/ a herald's wand, fr. <?/ herald.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>The official staff or wand of Hermes or Mercury, the messenger of the gods. It was originally said to be a herald's staff of olive wood, but was afterwards fabled to have two serpents coiled about it, and two wings at the top.</def>

<h1>Caducibranchiate</h1>
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<hw>Ca*du`ci*bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caducus</ets> falling (fr. <ets>cadere</ets> to fall) + E. <ets>branchiate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>With temporary gills: -- applied to those Amphibia in which the gills do not remain in adult life.</def>

<h1>Caducity</h1>
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<hw>Ca*du"ci*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>caducitas</ets>: cf.  F. <ets>caducit\'82</ets>. See <er>Caducous</er>.]</ety> <def>Tendency to fall; the feebleness of old age; senility.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>[A] jumble of youth and <b>caducity</b>.
<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Caducous</h1>
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<hw>Ca*du"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[L. <ets>caducus</ets> falling, inclined to fall, fr. <ets>cadere</ets> to fall. See <er>Cadence</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Dropping off or disappearing early, as the calyx of a poppy, or the gills of a tadpole.</def>

<h1>Caduke</h1>
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<hw>Ca*duke"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>caduc</ets>. See <er>Caducous</er>.]</ety> <def>Perishable; frail; transitory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hickes.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>caduke</b> pleasures of his world.
<i>Bp. Fisher.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cady</h1>
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<hw>Cad"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cadie</er>.</def>

<h1>C\'91ca</h1>
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<hw>C\'91"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>C\'91cum</er>.</def>

<h1>C\'91cal</h1>
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<hw>C\'91"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the c\'91cum, or blind gut.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the form of a c\'91cum, or bag with one opening; baglike; <as>as, the <ex>c\'91cal</ex> extremity of a duct</as>.</def>

<h1>C\'91cias</h1>
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<hw>C\'91"ci*as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caecias</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A wind from the northeast.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>C\'91cilian</h1>
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<hw>C\'91*cil"i*an</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caecus</ets> blind. So named from the supposed blindness of the species, the eyes being very minute.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A limbless amphibian belonging to the order <spn>C\'91cili\'91</spn> or <spn>Ophimorpha</spn>. See <er>Ophiomorpha</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>c\'d2cilian</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>C\'91cum</h1>
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<hw>C\'91"cum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>C\'91cums</plw>, L. <plw>C\'91ca</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>caecus</ets> blind, invisible, concealed.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cavity open at one end, as the blind end of a canal or duct.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The blind part of the large intestine beyond the entrance of the small intestine; -- called also the <altname>blind gut</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>c\'91cum</i> is comparatively small in man, and ends in a slender portion, the <i>vermiform appendix</i>; but in herbivorous mammals it is often as large as the rest of the large intestine. In fishes there are often numerous intestinal c\'91ca.</note>

<h1>C\'91nozoic</h1>
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<hw>C\'91`no*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cenozoic</er>.</def>

<h1>Caen stone</h1>
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<hw>Ca"en stone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def>A cream-colored limestone for building, found near Caen, France.</def>

<h1>C\'91sar</h1>
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<hw>C\'91"sar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A Roman emperor, as being the successor of Augustus C\'91sar. Hence, a kaiser, or emperor of Germany, or any emperor or powerful ruler. See <er>Kaiser</er>, <er>Kesar</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Malborough anticipated the day when he would be servilely flattered and courted by <b>C\'91sar</b> on one side and by Louis the Great on the other.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>C\'91sarean, C\'91sarian</h1>
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<hw><hw>C\'91*sa"re*an</hw>, <hw>C\'91*sa"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Caesareus</ets>, <ets>Caesarianus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to C\'91sar or the C\'91sars; imperial.</def>

<cs><col>C\'91sarean section</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>the operation of taking a child from the womb by cutting through the walls of the abdomen and uterus; -- so called because Julius C\'91sar is reported to have been brought into the world by such an operation.</cd></cs>

<h1>C\'91sarism</h1>
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<hw>C\'91"sar*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>C\'82sarisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>A system of government in which unrestricted power is exercised by a single person, to whom, as C\'91sar or emperor, it has been committed by the popular will; imperialism; also, advocacy or support of such a system of government.</def>

<note>&hand; This word came into prominence in the time of Napoleon III., as an expression of the claims and political views of that emperor, and of the politicians of his court.</note>

<h1>C\'91sious</h1>
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<hw>C\'91"si*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caesius</ets> bluish gray.]</ety> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Of the color of lavender; pale blue with a slight mixture of gray.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<h1>C\'91sium</h1>
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<hw>C\'91"si*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>caesius</ets> bluish gray.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare alkaline metal found in mineral water; -- so called from the two characteristic blue lines in its spectrum. It was the first element discovered by spectrum analysis, and is the most strongly basic and electro-positive substance known. Symbol Cs. Atomic weight 132.6.</def>

<h1>C\'91spitose</h1>
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<hw>C\'91s"pi*tose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Cespitose</er>.</def>

<h1>C\'91sura</h1>
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<hw>C\'91*su"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>C\'91suras</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, L. <plw>C\'91sur\'91</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu> <ety>[L. <ets>caesura</ets> a cutting off, a division, stop, fr. <ets>caedere</ets>, <ets>caesum</ets>, to cut off. See <er>Concise</er>.]</ety> <def>A metrical break in a verse, occurring in the middle of a foot and commonly near the middle of the verse; a sense pause in the middle of a foot. Also, a long syllable on which the c\'91sural accent rests, or which is used as a foot.</def>

<note>&hand; In the following line the <i>c\'91sura</i> is between <i>study</i> and <i>of</i>.</note>

<blockquote>The prop | er stud |  y || of | mankind | is man.

<h1>C\'91sural</h1>
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<hw>C\'91*su"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a c\'91sura.</def>

<cs><col>C\'91sural pause</col>, <cd>a pause made at a c\'91sura.</cd></cs>

<h1>Caf\'82</h1>
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<hw>Ca`f\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Coffee</er>.]</ety> <def>A coffeehouse; a restaurant; also, a room in a hotel or restaurant where coffee and liquors are served.</def>

<h1>Cafenet, Cafeneh</h1>
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<hw><hw>Caf"e*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Caf"e*neh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk. <ets>qahveh kh\'beneh</ets> coffeehouse.]</ety> <def>A humble inn or house of rest for travelers, where coffee is sold.</def> <mark>[Turkey]</mark>

<h1>Caffeic</h1>
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<hw>Caf*fe"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Coffee</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, coffee.</def>

<cs><col>Caffeic acid</col>, <cd>an acid obtained from coffee tannin, as a yellow crystalline substance, <chform>C9H8O4</chform>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Caffeine</h1>
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<hw>Caf*fe"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>caf\'82ine</ets>. See <er>Coffee</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, bitter, crystallizable substance, obtained from coffee. It is identical with the alkaloid <altname>theine</altname> from tea leaves, and with <altname>guaranine</altname> from guarana.</def>

<h1>Caffetannic</h1>
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<hw>Caf`fe*tan"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Caffe</ets>ic + <ets>tannic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the tannin of coffee.</def>

<cs><col>Caffetannic acid</col>, <cd>a variety of tannin obtained from coffee berries, regarded as a glucoside.</cd></cs>

<h1>Caffila</h1>
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<hw>Caf"fi*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar.]</ety> <def>See <er>Cafila</er>.</def>

<h1>Caffre</h1>
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<hw>Caf"fre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Kaffir</er>.</def>

<h1>Cafila, Cafileh</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ca"fi*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ca"fi*leh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar.]</ety> <def>A caravan of travelers; a military supply train or government caravan; a string of pack horses.</def>

<h1>Caftan</h1>
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<hw>Caf"tan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk. <ets>qaft\'ben</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cafetan</ets>.]</ety> <def>A garment worn throughout the Levant, consisting of a long gown with sleeves reaching below the hands. It is generally fastened by a belt or sash.</def>

<h1>Caftan</h1>
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<hw>Caf"tan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To clothe with a caftan.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The turbaned and <b>caftaned</b> damsel.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cag</h1>
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<hw>Cag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Keg</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cage</h1>
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<hw>Cage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cage</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cavea</ets> cavity, cage, fr. <ets>cavus</ets> hollow. Cf. <er>Cave</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Cajole</er>, <er>Gabion</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A box or inclosure, wholly or partly of openwork, in wood or metal, used for confining birds or other animals.</def>

<blockquote>In his <b>cage</b>, like parrot fine and gay.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="202">
Page 202<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place of confinement for malefactors</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Stone walls do not a prison make,
Nor iron bars <b>a cage</b>.
<i>Lovelace.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>An outer framework of timber, inclosing something within it; as the <i>cage</i> of a staircase.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A skeleton frame to limit the motion of a loose piece, as a ball valve.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A wirework strainer, used in connection with pumps and pipes.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The box, bucket, or inclosed platform of a lift or elevator; a cagelike structure moving in a shaft.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The drum on which the rope is wound in a hoisting whim.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>The catcher's wire mask.</def>

<h1>Cage</h1>
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<hw>Cage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Caged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Caging</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To confine in, or as in, a cage; to shut up or confine.</def> "<i>Caged</i> and starved to death."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Caged</h1>
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<hw>Caged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Confined in, or as in, a cage; like a <i>cage</i> or prison.</def> "The <i>caged</i> cloister."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cageling</h1>
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<hw>Cage"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cage</ets> + <ets>-ling</ets>]</ety> <def>A bird confined in a cage; esp. a young bird.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Cagit</h1>
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<hw>Ca"git</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A king of parrot, of a beautiful green color, found in the Philippine Islands.</def>

<h1>Cagmag</h1>
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<hw>Cag"mag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tough old goose; hence, coarse, bad food of any kind.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Cagot</h1>
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<hw>Ca"got</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>One of a race inhabiting the valleys of the Pyrenees, who until 1793 were political and social outcasts (Christian Pariahs). They are supposed to be a remnant of the Visigoths.</def>

<h1>Cahier</h1>
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<hw>Ca`hier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. OF. <ets>cayer</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>quaternum</ets>. See <er>Quire</er> of paper. The sheets of manuscript were folded into parts.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A namber of sheets of paper put loosely together; esp. one of the successive portions of a work printed in numbers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A memorial of a body; a report of legislative proceedings, etc.</def>

<h1>Cahincic</h1>
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<hw>Ca*hin"cic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, <i>cahinca</i>, the native name of a species of Brazilian <i>Chiococca</i>, perhaps <i>C</i>. <i>recemosa</i>; <as>as, <ex>cahincic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Cahoot</h1>
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<hw>Ca*hoot"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perhaps fr. f. <ets>cohorte</ets> a a company or band.]</ety> <def>Partnership; as to go in <i>cahoot</i> with a person.</def> <mark>[Slang, southwestern U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Caimacam</h1>
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<hw>Cai`ma*cam"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk.]</ety> <def>The governor of a sanjak or district in Turkey.</def>

<h1>Caiman</h1>
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<hw>Cai"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cayman</er>.</def>

<h1>Cainozoic</h1>
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<hw>Cai`no*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>(Geol.) See <er>Cenozic</er>.</def>

<h1>Ca\'8bque</h1>
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<hw>Ca*\'8bque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Turk. <ets>q\'be\'c6q</ets> boat.]</ety> <fld>(Naut..)</fld> <def>A light skiff or rowboat used on the Bosporus; also, a Levantine vessel of larger size.</def>

<h1>\'80aira</h1>
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<hw>\'80a"i*ra"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>\'87a ira, \'87a ira, les aristocrates \'85 la lanterne</ets>, it shall go on, it shall go on, [hang]the arictocrats to the lantern (lamp-post).]</ety> <def> The refrain of a famous song of the French Revolution.</def>

<h1>Caird</h1>
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<hw>Caird</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. <ets>ceard</ets> a tinker.]</ety> <def>A traveling tinker; also a tramp or sturdy beggar.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Cairn</h1>
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<hw>Cairn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>carn</ets>, gen. <ets>cairn</ets>, a heap: cf. Ir. & W. <ets>carn</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rounded or conical heap of stones erected by early inhabitants of the British Isles, apparently as a sepulchral monument.</def>

<blockquote>Now here let us place the gray stone of her <b>cairn</b>.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pile of stones heaped up as a landmark, or to arrest attention, as in surveying, or in leaving traces of an exploring party, etc.</def>

<i>C. Kingsley. Kane.</i>

<h1>Cairngormstone</h1>
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<hw>Cairn*gorm"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gael. <ets>carn</ets> a cairn + <ets>gorm</ets> azure.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A yellow or smoky brown variety of rock crystal, or crystallized quartz, found esp, in the mountain of Cairngorm, in Scotland.</def>

<h1>Caisson</h1>
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<hw>Cais"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>caisse</ets>, case, chest. See 1st <er>Case</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A chest to hold ammunition.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A four-wheeled carriage for conveying ammunition, consisting of two parts, a body and a limber. In light field batteries there is one caisson to each piece, having two ammunition boxes on the body, and one on the limber.</def> <i>Farrow</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A chest filled with explosive materials, to be laid in the way of an enemy and exploded on his appoach.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A water-tight box, of timber or iron within which work is carried on in building foundations or structures below the water level.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A hollow floating box, usually of iron, which serves to close the entrances of docks and basins.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A structure, usually with an air chamber, placed beneath a vessel to lift or float it.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A sunk panel of ceilings or soffits.</def>

<cs><col>Pneumatic caisson</col> <fld>(Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a caisson, closed at the top but open at the bottom, and resting upon the ground under water. The pressure of air forced into the caisson keeps the water out. Men and materials are admitted to the interior through an air lock. See <er>Lock</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Caitiff</h1>
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<hw>Cai"tiff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>caitif</ets>, <ets>cheitif</ets>, captive, miserable, OF. <ets>caitif</ets>, <ets>chaitif</ets>, captive, mean, wretched, F.  <ets>ch\'82tif</ets>, fr. L. <ets>captivus</ets> captive, fr. <ets>capere</ets> to take, akin to E. <ets>heave</ets>. See <er>Heave</er>, and cf. <er>Captive</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Captive; wretched; unfortunate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Base; wicked and mean; cowardly; despicable.</def>

<blockquote>Arnold had sped his <b>caitiff</b> flight.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Caitiff</h1>
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<hw>Cai"tiff</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A captive; a prisoner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Avarice doth tyrannize over her <b>caitiff</b> and slave.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wretched or unfortunate man.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A mean, despicable person; one whose character meanness and wickedness meet.</def>

<note>The deep-felt conviction of men that slavery breaks down the moral character . . . speaks out with . . . distinctness in the change of meaning which <i>caitiff</i> has undergone signifying as it now does, one of a base, abject disposition, while there was a time when it had nothing of this in it.</note>

<i>Trench.</i>

<h1>Cajeput</h1>
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<hw>Caj"e*put</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cajuput</er>.</def>

<h1>Cajole</h1>
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<hw>Ca*jole"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cajoled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cajoling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>cajoler</ets>, orig., to chatter like a bird in a cage, to sing; hence, to amuse with idle talk, to flatter, from the source of OF.  <ets>goale</ets>, <ets>jaiole</ets>, F. <ets>ge\'93le</ets>, dim. of <ets>cage</ets> a cage. See <er>Cage</er>, <er>Jail</er>.]</ety> <def>To deceive with flattery or fair words; to wheedle.</def>

<blockquote>I am not about to <b>cajole</b> or flatter you into a reception of my views.
<i>F. W. Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To flatter; wheedle; delude; coax; entrap.</syn>

<h1>Cajolement</h1>
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<hw>Ca*jole"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of cajoling; the state of being cajoled; cajolery.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Cajoler</h1>
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<hw>Ca*jol"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flatterer; a wheedler.</def>

<h1>Cajolery</h1>
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<hw>Ca*jol"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cajoleries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A wheedling to delude; words used in cajoling; flattery.</def> "Infamous <i>cajoleries</i>."

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Cajuput</h1>
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<hw>Caj"u*put</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Malayan origin; <ets>k\'beyu</ets> tree + <ets>p\'d4tih</ets> white.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A highly stimulating volatile infammable oil, distilled from the leaves of an East Indian tree (<spn>Melaleuca cajuputi</spn>, etc.) It is greenish in color and has a camphoraceous odor and pungent taste.</def>

<h1>Cajuputene</h1>
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<hw>Caj"u*put*ene`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorlees or greenish oil extracted from cajuput.</def>

<h1>Cake</h1>
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<hw>Cake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cake</ets>, <ets>kaak</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>kage</ets>, Sw. & Icel. <ets>kaka</ets>, D. <ets>koek</ets>, G.<ets>kuchem</ets>, OHG. <ets>chuocho</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A small mass of dough baked; especially, a thin loaf from unleavened dough; <as>as, an oatmeal <ex>cake</ex>; johnny<ex>cake</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sweetened composition of flour and other ingredients, leavened or unleavened, baked in a loaf or mass of any size or shape.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A thin wafer-shaped mass of fried batter; a griddlecake or pancake; as buckwheat <i>cakes</i>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A mass of matter concreted, congealed, or molded into a solid mass of any form, esp. into a form rather flat than high; <as>as, a <ex>cake</ex> of soap; an ague <ex>cake</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Cakes</b> of rusting ice come rolling down the flood.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Cake urchin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld>, <cd>any species of flat sea urchins belonging to the <spn>Clypeastroidea</spn></cd>. -- <col>Oil cake</col> <cd>the refuse of flax seed, cotton seed, or other vegetable substance from which oil has been expressed, compacted into a solid mass, and used as food for cattle, for manure, or for other purposes.</cd> -- <col>To have one's cake dough</col>, <cd>to fail or be disappointed in what one has undertaken or expected.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cake</h1>
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<hw>Cake</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form into a cake, or mass.</def>

<h1>Cake</h1>
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<hw>Cake</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Caked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Caking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To concrete or consolidate into a hard mass, as dough in an oven; to coagulate.</def>

<blockquote>Clotted blood that <b>caked</b> within.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cake</h1>
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<hw>Cake</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To cackle as a goose.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Caking coal</h1>
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<hw>Cak"ing coal`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Coal</er>.</def>

<h1>Cal</h1>
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<hw>Cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Cornish Mines)</fld> <def>Wolfram, an ore of tungsten.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Calabar</h1>
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<hw>Cal"a*bar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A district on the west coast of Africa.</def>

<cs><col>Calabar bean</col>, <cd>The of a climbing legumious plant (<spn>Physostigma venenosum</spn>), a native of tropical Africa. It is highly poisonous. It is used to produce contraction of the pupil of the eye; also in tetanus, neuralgia, and rheumatic diseases; -- called also <altname>ordeal bean</altname>, being used by the negroes in trials for witchcraft.</cd></cs>

<h1>Calabarine</h1>
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<hw>Cal"a*bar*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid resembing physostigmine and occurring with it in the calabar bean.</def>

<h1>Calabash</h1>
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<hw>Cal"a*bash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>calabaza</ets>, or Pg. <ets>calaba<?/a</ets>, <ets>caba<?/a</ets> (cf. F. <ets>Calebasse</ets>), lit., a dry gourd, fr. Ar. <ets>qar'</ets>, fem., a kind of gourd + <ets>aibas</ets> dry.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The common gourd (plant or fruit).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fruit of the calabash tree.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A water dipper, bottle, backet, or other utensil, made from the dry shell of a calabash or gourd.</def>

<cs><col>Calabash tree</col>. <cd><fld>(Bot.)</fld>, a tree of tropical America (<spn>Crescentia cujete</spn>), producing a large gourdike fruit, containing a purgative pulp. Its hard shell, after the removal of the pulp, is used for cups, bottles, etc.  The <stype>African calabash tree</stype> is the baobab.</cd></cs>

<h1>Calaboose</h1>
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<hw>Cal`a*boose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of Sp. <ets>calabozo</ets> dungeon.]</ety> <def>A prison; a jail.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Calade</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A slope or declivity in a manege ground down which a horse is made to gallop, to give suppleness to his haunches.</def>

<h1>Caladium</h1>
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<hw>Ca*la"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A genus of aroideous plants, of which some species are cultivated for their immense leaves (which are often curiously blotched with white and red), and others (in Polynesia) for food.</def>

<h1>Calaite</h1>
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<hw>Cal"a*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cala\'8bs</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ ; cf. F. <ets>cala\'8bte</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mineral. See <er>Turquoise</er>.</def>

<h1>Calamanco</h1>
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<hw>Cal`a*man"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>calamancus</ets>, <ets>calamacus</ets>; cf. <ets>camelaucum</ets>; a head covering made of camel's hair, NGr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, and F. <ets>calmande</ets> a woolen stuff.]</ety> <def>A glossy woolen stuff, plain, striped, or checked.</def> "a gay <i>calamanco</i> waistcoat."

<i>Tatler.</i>

<h1>Calamander wood</h1>
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<hw>Cal"a*man`der wood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A valuable furniture wood from India and Ceylon, of a hazel-brown color, with black stripes, very hard in texture. It is a species of ebony, and is obtained from the <spn>Diospyros qusesita</spn>. Called also <altname>Coromandel wood</altname>.</def>

<h1>Calamar, Calamary</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cal"a*mar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cal"a*ma*ry</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>calamarium</ets> inkstand, fr. L. <ets>calamus</ets> a reed pen: cf. F. <ets>calmar</ets>, <ets>calemar</ets>, pen case, calamar.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cephalopod, belonging to the genus <spn>Loligo</spn> and related genera. There are many species. They have a sack of inklike fluid which they discharge from the siphon tube, when pursued or alarmed, in order to confuse their enemies. Their shell is a thin horny plate, within the flesh of back, shaped very much like a quill pen. In America they are called <altname>squids</altname>. See <er>Squid</er>.</def>

<h1>Calambac</h1>
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<hw>Cal"am*bac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>calambac</ets>, <ets>calambour</ets>, from Malay <ets>Kalambaq</ets> a king of fragrant wood.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fragrant wood; agalloch.</def>

<h1>Calambour</h1>
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<hw>Cal"am*bour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Calambac</er>.]</ety> <def>A species of agalloch, or aloes wood, of a dusky or mottled color, of a light, friable texture, and less fragrant than calambac; -- used by cabinetmakers.</def>

<h1>Calamiferous</h1>
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<hw>Cal`a*mif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calamus</ets> reed + <ets>ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing reeds; reedy.</def>

<h1>Calamine</h1>
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<hw>Cal"a*mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>calamine</ets>, LL. <ets>calamina</ets>, fr. L. <ets>Cabmia</ets>. See <er>Cadmia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(min.)</fld> <def>A mineral, the hydrous silicate of zinc.</def>

<note>&hand; The name was formerly applied to both the carbonate and silicate of zinc each of which is valuabic as an ore; but it is now usually restricted to the latter, the former being called <i>smithsonite</i>.</note>

<h1>Calamint</h1>
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<hw>Cal"a*mint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>calamint</ets>, <ets>calemente</ets> (cf. F. <ets>calament</ets>) fr. L. <ets>calamintha</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/. See 1st <er>Mint</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of perennial plants (<spn>Calamintha</spn>) of the Mint family, esp. the <spn>C. Nepela</spn> and <spn>C. Acinos</spn>, which are called also <stype>basil thyme</stype>.</def>

<h1>Calamist</h1>
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<hw>Cal"a*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calamus</ets> a reed.]</ety> <def>One who plays upon a reed or pipe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Calamistrate</h1>
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<hw>Cal`a*mis"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calamistratus</ets>, curied with the curling iron, fr. <ets>calamistrum</ets> curling iron, fr. <ets>calamus</ets> a reed.]</ety> <def>To curl or friz, as the hair.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Calamistration</h1>
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<hw>Cal`amis*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of curling the hair.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>burton.</i>

<h1>Calamistrum</h1>
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<hw>Cal`a*mis"trum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a curling iron.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A comblike structure on the metatarsus of the hind legs of certain spiders (<spn>Ciniflonid\'91</spn>), used to curl certain fibers in the construction of their webs.</def>

<h1>Calamite</h1>
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<hw>Cal"a*mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calamus</ets> a reed: cf. F. <ets>calamite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil plant of the coal formation, having the general form of plants of the modern <i>Equiseta</i> (the Horsetail or Scouring Rush family) but sometimes attaining the height of trees, and having the stem more or less woody within. See <er>Acrogen</er>, and <er>Asterophyllite</er>.</def>

<h1>Calamitous</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lam"i*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Calamitosus</ets>; cf. F. <ets>calamiteux</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Suffering calamity; wretched; miserable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ten thousands of <b>calamitous</b> persons.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Producing, or attended with distress and misery; making wretched; wretched; unhappy.</def> "This sad and <i>calamitous</i> condition." <i>South</i>. "A <i>calamitous</i> prison" <i>Milton</i>.

<syn>Syn. -- Miserable; deplorable; distressful; afflictive; grievous; baleful; disastrous; adverse; unhappy; severe; sad; unfortunate.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ca*lam"i*tous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ca*lam"i*tous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Calamity</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lam"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Calamities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>calamitas</ets>, akin to in-<ets>columis</ets> unharmed: cf. F. <ets>calamit\'82</ets>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any great misfortune or cause of misery; -- generally applied to events or disasters which produce extensive evil, either to communities or individuals.</def>

<note>The word <i>calamity</i> was first derived from <i>calamus</i> when the corn could not get out of the stalk.</note>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Strokes of <b>calamity</b> that scathe and scorch the soul.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state or time of distress or misfortune; misery.</def>

<blockquote>The deliberations of <b>calamity</b> are rarely wise.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where'er I came I brought <b>calamity</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Disaster; distress; afflicition; adversity; misfortune; unhappiness; infelicity; mishap; mischance; misery; evil; extremity; exigency; downfall.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Calamity</er>, <er>Disaster</er>, <er>Misfortune</er>, <er>Mishap</er>, <er>Mischance</er>. Of these words, <i>calamity</i> is the strongest. It supposes a somewhat continuous state, produced not usually by the direct agency of man, but by natural causes, such as fire, flood, tempest, disease, etc, <i>Disaster</i> denotes literally <i>ill-starred</i>, and is some unforeseen and distressing event which comes suddenly upon us, as if from hostile planet. <i>Misfortune</i> is often due to no specific cause; it is simply the bad fortune of an individual; a link in the chain of events; an evil independent of his own conduct, and not to be charged as a fault. <i>Mischance</i> and <i>mishap</i> are misfortunes of a trivial nature, occurring usually to individuals. "A <i>calamity</i> is either public or private, but more frequently the former; a <i>disaster</i> is rather particular than private; it affects things rather than persons; journey, expedition, and military movements are often attended with <i>disasters</i>; <i>misfortunes</i> are usually personal; they immediately affect the interests of the individual."</usage>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Calamus</h1>
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<hw>Cal"a*mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Calami</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., a reed. See <er>Halm</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The indian cane, a plant of the Palm family. It furnishes the common rattan. See <er>Rattan</er>, and <er>Dragon's blood</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of <spn>Acorus</spn> (<spn>A. calamus</spn>), commonly called <spn>calamus</spn>, or <i>sweet flag</i>. The root has a pungent, aromatic taste, and is used in medicine as a stomachic; the leaves have an aromatic odor, and were formerly used instead of rushes to strew on floors.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The horny basal portion of a feather; the barrel or quill.</def>

<h1>Calando</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lan"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>(<er>Mus</er>.) Gradually diminishing in rapidity and loudness.</def>

<h1>Calash</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lash"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cal\'8ache</ets>; of Slavonic origin; cf. Bohem. <ets>kolesa</ets>, Russ. <ets>koliaska</ets> calash, <ets>koleso</ets>, <ets>kolo</ets>, wheel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A light carriage with low wheels, having a top or hood that can be raised or lowered, seats for inside, a separate seat for the driver, and often a movable front, so that it can be used as either an open or a close carriage.</def>

<blockquote>The baroness in a <b>calash</b> capable of holding herself, her two children, and her servants.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In Canada, a two-wheeled, one-seated vehicle, with a calash top, and the driver's seat elevated in front.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A hood or top of a carriage which can be thrown back at pleasure.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A hood, formerly worn by ladies, which could be drawn forward or thrown back like the top of a carriage.</def>

<hr>
<page="203">
Page 203<p>

<h1>Calaverite</h1>
<Xpage=203>

<hw>Ca`la*ve"rite</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A bronze-yellow massive mineral with metallic luster; a telluride of gold; -- first found in <ets>Calaveras</ets> County California.</def>

<h1>Calcaneal</h1>
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<hw>Cal*ca"ne*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anal.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the calcaneum; <as>as, <ex>calcaneal</ex> arteries</as>.</def>

<h1>Calcaneum</h1>
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<hw>Cal*ca"ne*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. -<plw>neums</plw>, L. -<plw>nea</plw>.</plu> <ety>[L. the heel, fr. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, the heel.]</ety> <fld>(Anal.)</fld> <def>One of the bones of the tarsus which in man, forms the great bone of the heel; -- called also <altname>fibulare</altname>.</def>

<h1>Calcar</h1>
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<hw>Cal"car</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calcaria</ets> lime kiln, fr. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime. See <er>Calx</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Glass manuf.)</fld> <def>A kind of oven, or reverberatory furnace, used for the calcination of sand and potash, and converting them into frit.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Calcar</h1>
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<hw>Cal"car</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; L. <plu>pl. <plw>Calcaria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., a pur, as worn on the heel, also the spur of a cock, fr. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, the heel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A hollow tube or spur at the base of a petal or corolla.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A slender bony process from the ankle joint of bats, which helps to support the posterior part of the web, in flight.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A spur, or spurlike prominence.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A curved ridge in the floor of the leteral ventricle of the brain; the <i>calcar avis</i>, <i>hippocampus minor</i>, or <i>ergot</i>.</def>

<h1>Calcarate, Calcarated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cal"ca*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cal"ca*ra`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>calcaratus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>calcar</ets>. See 2d <ets>Calcar</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a spur, as the flower of the toadflax and larkspur; spurred.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Armed with a spur.</def>

<h1>Calcareo-argillaceous</h1>
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<hw>Cal*ca"re*o-ar`gil*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>consisting of, or containing, calcareous and argillaceous earths.</def>

<h1>Calcareo-bituminous</h1>
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<hw>Cal*ca"re*o-bi*tu"mi*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, or containing, lime and bitumen.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<h1>Calcareo-siliceous</h1>
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<hw>Cal*ca"re*o-si*li"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Consisting of, or containing calcareous and siliceous earths.</def>

<h1>Calcareous</h1>
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<hw>Cal*ca"re*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calcarius</ets> pertaining to lime. See <er>Calx</er>.]</ety> <def>Partaking of the nature ofcalcite or calcium carbonate; consisting of, or containg, calcium carbonate or carbonate of lime.</def>

<cs><col>Clcareous spar</col>. <cd>See as <er>Calcite</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Calcareousness</h1>
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<hw>Cal*ca"re*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being calcareous.</def>

<h1>Calcariferous</h1>
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<hw>Cal`ca*rif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calcarius</ets> of lime + <ets>ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lime-yielding; calciferous</def>

<h1>Calcarine</h1>
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<hw>Cal"ca*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or situated near, the calcar of the brain.</def>

<h1>Calcavella</h1>
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<hw>Cal`ca*vel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sweet wine from Portugal; -- so called from the district of Carcavelhos.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Calcavellos</asp> or <asp>Carcavelhos</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Calceated</h1>
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<hw>Cal"ce*a"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calceatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>pelceare</ets> to ahoe, fr. <ets>catceus</ets> shoe, fr. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcic</ets>, <ets>heel</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fitted with, or wearing, shoes.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Calced</h1>
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<hw>Calced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Calceated</er>.]</ety> <def>Wearing shoes; calceated; -- in distintion from <i>discalced</i> or <i>barefooted</i>; as the <i>calced</i> Carmelites.</def>

<h1>Calcedon</h1>
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<hw>Cal"ce*don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chalcedony</er>.]</ety> <def>A foul vein, like chalcedony, in some precious stones.</def>

<h1>Calcedonic, Calcedonian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cal`ce*don"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cal`ce*do"ni*an</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Chalcedonic</er>.</def>

<h1>Calceiform</h1>
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<hw>Cal"ce*i*form`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calceus</ets> shoe + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a plipper, as one petal of the lady's-slipper; calceolate.</def>

<h1>calceolaria</h1>
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<hw>cal`ce*o*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>calceolarius</ets> shoemaker, fr. <ets>calceolus</ets>, a dim. of <ets>calceus</ets> shoe.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of showy herbaceous or shrubby plant, biought from South America; slipperwort. It has a yellow or purple flower, often spotted or striped, the shape of which suggests its name.</def>

<h1>Calceolate</h1>
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<hw>Cal"ce*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Calceolaria</er>.]</ety> <def>Slipper-ahaped. See <er>Calceiform</er>.</def>

<h1>Calces</h1>
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<hw>Cal"ces</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Calx</er>.</def>

<h1>Calcic</h1>
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<hw>Cal"cic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime: cf. F. <ets>calcique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, calcium or lime.</def>

<h1>Calciferouse</h1>
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<hw>Cal*cif"er*ouse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing producing, or containing calcite, or carbonate of lime.</def>

<cs><col>Calciferouse epoch</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>and epoch in the American lower Silurian system, immediately succeeding the Cambrian period. The name alludes to the peculiar mixture of calcareous and siliceous characteristics in many of the beds. See the Diagram under <er>Grology</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Calcific</h1>
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<hw>Cal*cif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Calciferous. Specifically: <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> of or pertaining to hte portion of the which forms the eggshell in birds and reptiles.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Calcification</h1>
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<hw>Cal`ci*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The process of chenge into a stony or calcareous substance by the deposition of lime salt; -- normally, as in the formation of bone and teeth; abnormally, as in calcareous degeneration of tissue.</def>

<h1>Calcified</h1>
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<hw>Cal"ci*fied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, or containing, calcareous matter or lime salts; calcareous.</def>

<h1>Calciform</h1>
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<hw>Cal"ci*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the form of chalk or lime.</def>

<h1>Calcify</h1>
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<hw>Cal"ci*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Calcified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Calcifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make stony or calcareous by the deposit or secretion of salts of lime.</def>

<h1>Calcify</h1>
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<hw>Cal"ci*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become changed into a stony or calcareous condition, in lime is a principal ingredient, as in the formation of teeth.</def>

<h1>Calcigenous</h1>
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<hw>Cal*cig"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime + <ets>-genouse</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Tending to form, or to become, a calx or earthlike substance on being oxidized or burnt; as magnesium, calcium. etc.</def>

<h1>Calcigerous</h1>
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<hw>Cal*cig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, <ets>lime</ets> + <ets>-gerouse</ets>.]</ety> <def>Holding lime or other earthy salts; <as>as, the <ex>calcigerous</ex> cells of the teeth</as>.</def>

<h1>Calcimine</h1>
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<hw>Cal"ci*mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime.]</ety> <def>A white or colored wash for the ceiling or other plastering of a room, consisting of a mixture of clear glue, Paris white or zinc white, and water.</def> <altsp>[Also spelt <asp>kalsomine</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Calcimine</h1>
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<hw>Cal"ci*mine</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. &p. p.</tt> <er>Calcimined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Calcimining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To wash or cover with calcimine; <as>as, to <ex>calcimine</ex> walls</as>.</def>

<h1>Calciminer</h1>
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<hw>Cal"ci*mi`ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who calcimines.</def>

<h1>Calcinable</h1>
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<hw>Cal*cin"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be calcined; <as>as, a <ex>calcinable</ex> fossil</as>.</def>

<h1>Calcinate</h1>
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<hw>Cal"ci*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To calcine.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Calcination</h1>
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<hw>Cal`ci*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>calcination</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process of disintegrating a substance, or rendering it friable by the action of heat, esp. by the expulsion of some volatile matter, as when carbonic and acid is expelled from carbonate of calcium in the burning of limestone in order to make lime.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or process of reducing a metal to an oxide or metallic calx; oxidation.</def>

<h1>Calcinatory</h1>
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<hw>Cal*cin"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A vessel used in calcination.</def>

<h1>Calcine</h1>
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<hw>Cal*cine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Calciden</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Calcining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>calciner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime. See <er>Calx</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce to a powder, or to a friable state, by the action of heat; to expel volatile matter from by means of heat, as carbonic acid from limestone, and thus (usually) to produce disintegration; as to, <i>calcine</i> bones.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To oxidize, as a metal by the action of heat; to reduce to a metallic calx.</def>

<h1>Calcine</h1>
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<hw>Cal*cine"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be convereted into a powder or friable substance, or into a calx, by the action of heat.</def> "<i>Calcining</i> without fusion"

<i>Newton.</i>

<h1>Calciner</h1>
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<hw>Cal*cin"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, calcines.</def>

<h1>Calcispongi\'91</h1>
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<hw>Cal`ci*spon"gi*\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime + <ets>spongia</ets> a sponge.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of marine sponges, containing calcareous spicules. See <er>Porifera</er>.</def>

<h1>Calcite</h1>
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<hw>Cal"cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Calcium carbonate, or carbonate of lime. It is rhombohedral in its crystallization, and thus distinguished from aragonite.  It includes common limestone, chalk, and marble. Called also <altname>calc-spar</altname> and <altname>calcareous spar</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Argentine</i> is a pearly lamellar variety; <i>aphrite</i> is foliated or chalklike; <i>dogtooth spar</i>, a form in acute rhombohedral or scalenohedral crystals; <i>calc-sinter</i> and <i>calc-tufa</i> are lose or porous varieties formed in caverns or wet grounds from calcareous deposits; <i>agaric mineral</i> is a soft, white friable variety of similar origin; <i>stalaclite</i> and <i>stalagmite</i> are varieties formed from the drillings in caverns. <i>Iceland spar</i> is a transparent variety, exhibiting the strong double refraction of the species, and hence is called <i>doubly refracting spar</i>.</note>

<h1>Calcitrant</h1>
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<hw>Cal"ci*trant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calcitrans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>calcitrare</ets> to kick, fr. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets> , heel.]</ety> <def>Kicking.  Hence: Stubborn; refractory.</def>

<h1>Calcitrate</h1>
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<hw>Cal"ci*trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calcitratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>calcitrare</ets>. See <er>Calcitrant</er>.]</ety> <def>To kick.</def>

<h1>Calcitration</h1>
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<hw>Cal`ci*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of kicking.</def>

<h1>Calcium</h1>
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<hw>Cal"ci*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime; cf F. <ets>calcium</ets>. See <er>Calx</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An elementary substance; a metal which combined with oxygen forms lime. It is of a pale yellow color, tenacious, and malleable. It is a member of the alkaline earth group of elements. Atomic weight 40. Symbol Ca.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Calcium</i> is widely and abundantly disseminated, as in its compounds <i>calcium carbonate</i> or limestone, <i>calcium sulphate</i> or gypsum, <i>calcium fluoride</i> or fluor spar, <i>calcium phosphate</i> or apatite.</note>

<cs><col>Calcium light</col>, <cd>an intense light produced by the incandescence of a stick or ball of lime in the flame of a combination of oxygen and hydrogen gases, or of oxygen and coal gas; -- called also <altname>Drummond light</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Calcivorous</h1>
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<hw>Cal*civ"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calx</ets> lime + <ets>vorare</ets> to devour.]</ety> <def>Eroding, or eating into, limestone.</def>

<h1>Calcographer</h1>
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<hw>Cal*cog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices calcography.</def>

<h1>Calcographic, Calcographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cal`co*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cal`co*graph"ic*al</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or in the style of, calcography.</def>

<h1>Calcography</h1>
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<hw>Cal*cog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, lime, chalk + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of drawing with chalk.</def>

<h1>Calc-sinter</h1>
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<hw>Calc"-sin`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>kalk</ets> (L. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>) lime + E. <ets>sinter</ets>.]</ety> <def>See under <er>Calcite</er>.</def>

<h1>Calc-spar</h1>
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<hw>Calc"-spar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>kalk</ets> (L. <ets>calx</ets>) lime E. <ets>spar</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Calcite</er>.</def>

<h1>Calc-tufa</h1>
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<hw>Calc"-tu`fa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>kalk</ets> (l. <ets>calx</ets>) lime + E. <ets>tufa</ets>.]</ety> <def>See under <er>Calcite</er>.</def>

<h1>Calculable</h1>
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<hw>Cal"cu*la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>calculable</ets>.]</ety> <def>That may be calculated or ascertained by calculation.</def>

<h1>Calculary</h1>
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<hw>Cal"cu*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calculus</ets> a pebble, a calculus; cf <ets>calcularius</ets> pertaining to calculation.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to calculi.</def>

<h1>Calculary</h1>
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<hw>Cal"cu*la*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A congeries of little stony knots found in the pulp of the pear and other fruits.</def>

<h1>Calculate</h1>
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<hw>Cal"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Calculater</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Calculating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L, <ets>calculatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>calculate</ets>, fr. <ets>calculus</ets> a pebble, a stone used in reckoning; hence, a reckoning, fr. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, a stone used in gaming, limestone. See <er>Calx</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ascertain or determine by mathematical processes, usually by the ordinary rules of arithmetic; to reckon up; to estimate; to compute.</def>

<blockquote>A calencar exacity <b>calculated</b> than any othe.
<i>North.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To ascertain or predict by mathematical or astrological computations the time, circumstances, or other conditions of; to forecast or compute the character or consequences of; <as>as, to <ex>calculate</ex> or cast one's nativity</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A cunning man did <b>calculate</b> my birth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To adjust for purpose; to adapt by forethought or calculation; to fit or prepare by the adaptation of means to an end; <as>as, to <ex>calculate</ex> a system of laws for the government and protection of a free people</as>.</def>

<blockquote>[Religion] is . . . <b>calculated</b> for our benefit.
<i>Abp. Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To plan; to expect; to think.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- To compute; reckon; count; estimate; rate.</syn> <usage> -- <er>To Calculate</er>, <er>Compute</er>. <er>Reckon</er>, <er>Count</er>. These words indicate the means by which we arrive at a given result in regard to quantity. We <i>calculate</i> with a view to obtain a certain point of knowledge; as, to <i>calculate</i> an eclipse. We <i>compute</i> by combining given numbers, in order to learn the grand result. We <i>reckon</i> and <i>count</i> in carrying out the details of a computation. These words are also used in a secondary and figurative sense. "<i>Calculate</i> is rather a conjection from what is, as to what may be; <i>computation</i> is a rational estimate of what has been, from what is; <i>reckoning</i> is a conclusive conviction, a pleasing assurance that a thing will happen; <i>counting</i> indicates an expectation. We <i>calculate</i> on a gain; we <i>compute</i> any loss sustained, or the amount of any mischief done; we <i>reckon</i> on a promised pleasure; we <i>count</i> the hours and minutes until the time of enjoyment arrives"</usage>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Calculate</h1>
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<hw>Cal"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a calculation; to forecast caonsequences; to estimate; to compute.</def>

<blockquote>The strong passions, whether good or bad, never <b>calculate</b>.
<i>F. W. Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Calculated</h1>
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<hw>Cal"cu*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Worked out by calculation; as <i>calculated</i> tables for computing interest; ascertained or conjectured as a result of calculation; <as>as, the <ex>calculated</ex> place of a planet; the <ex>calculated</ex> velocity of a cannon ball.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Adapted by calculation, contrivance. or forethought to accomplish a purpose; <as>as, to use arts <ex>calculated</ex> to deceive the people</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Likely to produce a certain effect, whether intended or not; fitted; adapted; suited.</def>

<blockquote>The only danger that attends multiplicity of publication is, that some of them may be <b>calculated</b> to injure rather than benefit society.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The minister, on the other hand, had never gone through an experience <b>calculated</b> to lead him beyond the scope of generally received laws.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Calculating</h1>
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<hw>Cal"cu*la`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to mathematical calculations; performing or able to perform mathematical calculations.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Given to contrivance or forethought; forecasting; scheming; <as>as, a cool <ex>calculating</ex> disposition</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Calculating machine</col>, <cd>a machine for the mechanical performance of mathematical operations, for the most part invented by Charles Babbage and G. and E. Scheutz. It computes logarithmic and other mathematical tables of a high degree of intricacy, imprinting the results on a leaden plate, from which a stereotype plate is then directly made.</cd></cs>

<h1>Calculating</h1>
<Xpage=203>

<hw>Cal"cu*la`ting</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of making mathematical computations or of estimating results.</def>

<h1>Calculation</h1>
<Xpage=203>

<hw>Cal`cu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>calculation</ets>, fr. L. <ets>calculatio</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>calcucation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process, or the result, of calculating; computation; reckoning, estimate.</def> "The <i>calculation</i> of eclipses."

<i>Nichol.</i>

<blockquote>The mountain is not so his <b>calculation</b> makes it.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An expectation based on cirumstances.</def>

<blockquote>The lazy gossips of the port,
Abborrent of a <b>calculation</b> crost,
Began to chafe as at a personal wrong.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Calculative</h1>
<Xpage=203>

<hw>Cal"cu*la*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to calculation; involving calculation.</def>

<blockquote>Long habits of <b>calculative</b> dealings.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Calculator</h1>
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<hw>Cal"cu*la*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>calculateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who computes or reckons: one who estimates or considers the force and effect of causes, with a view to form a correct estimate of the effects.</def>

<blockquote>Ambition is no exact <b>calculator</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Calculatory</h1>
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<hw>Cal"cu*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calculatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to calculation.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Calcule</h1>
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<hw>Cal"cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>calcul</ets>, fr. L. <ets>calculus</ets>. See <er>Calculus</er>.]</ety> <def>Reckoning; computation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Calcule</h1>
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<hw>Cal"cule</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To calculate</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Calculi</h1>
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<hw>Cal"cu*li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Calculus</er>.</def>

<h1>Calculous</h1>
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<hw>Cal"cu*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calculosus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of the nature of a calculus; like stone; gritty; <as>as, a <ex>calculous</ex> concretion</as>.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Caused, or characterized, by the presence of a calculus or calculi; a, a <i>calculous</i> disorder; affected with gravel or stone; <as>as, a <ex>calculous</ex> person</as>.</def>

<h1>Calculus</h1>
<Xpage=203>

<hw>Cal"cu*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.</plu> <plw>Calculi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[L, <ets>calculus</ets>. See <er>Calculate</er>, and <er>Calcule</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any solid concretion, formed in any part of the body, but most frequent in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in the passages connected with them; <as>as, biliary <ex>calculi</ex>; urinary <ex>calculi</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A method of computation; any process of reasoning by the use of symbols; any branch of mathematics that may involve calculation.</def>

<cs><col>Barycentric calculus</col>, <cd>a method of treating geometry by defining a point as the center of gravity of certain other points to which co\'89fficients or weights are ascribed.</cd> -- <col>Calculus of functions</col>, <cd>that branch of mathematics which treats of the forms of functions that shall satisfy given conditions.</cd> -- <col>Calculus of operations</col>, <cd>that branch of mathematical logic that treats of all operations that satisfy given conditions.</cd> -- <col>Calculus of probabilities</col>, <cd>the science that treats of the computation of the probabilities of events, or the application of numbers to chance.</cd> -- <col>Calculus of variations</col>, <cd>a branch of mathematics in which the laws of dependence which bind the variable quantities together are themselves subject to change.</cd> -- <col>Differential calculus</col>, <cd>a method of investigating mathematical questions by using the ratio of certain indefinitely small quantities called <i>differentials<i>. The problems are primarily of this form: to find how the change in some variable quantity alters at each instant the value of a quantity dependent upon it.</cd> -- <col>Exponential calculus</col>, <cd>that part of algebra which treats of exponents.</cd> -- <col>Imaginary calculus</col>, <cd>a method of investigating the relations of real or imaginary quantities by the use of the imaginary symbols and quantities of algebra.</cd> -- <col>Integral calculus</col>, <cd>a method which in the reverse of the differential, the primary object of which is to learn from the known ratio of the indefinitely small changes of two or more magnitudes, the relation of the magnitudes themselves, or, in other words, from having the differential of an algebraic expression to find the expression itself.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="204">
Page 204<p>

<h1>Caldron</h1>
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<hw>Cal"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>caldron</ets>, <ets>caudron</ets>, <ets>caudroun</ets>, OF. <ets>caudron</ets>, <ets>chauderon</ets>, F. <ets>chaudron</ets>, an aug. of F. <ets>chaudi\'8are</ets>, LL. <ets>caldaria</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caldarius</ets> suitable for warming, fr. <ets>caldus</ets>, <ets>calidus</ets>, warm, fr. <ets>calere</ets> to be warm; cf. Skr. <ets>\'87r\'be</ets> to boil. Cf. <er>Chaldron</er>, <er>Calaric</er>, <er>Caudle</er>.]</ety> <def>A large kettle or boiler of copper, brass, or iron. <altsp>[Written also <asp>cauldron</asp>.]</altsp></def> "<i>Caldrons</i> of boiling oil."

<i>Prescott.</i>

<h1>Cal\'8ache</h1>
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<hw>Ca*l\'8ache"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cal\'8ache</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Calash</er>.</def>

<h1>Caledonia</h1>
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<hw>Cal`e*do"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The ancient Latin name of Scotland; -- still used in poetry.</def>

<h1>Caledonian</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal`e*do"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Caledonia or Scotland; Scottish; Scotch.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Caledonia or Scotland.</def></def2>

<h1>Caledonite</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Ca*led"o*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous sulphate of copper and lead, found in some parts of Caledonia or Scotland.</def>

<h1>Calefacient</h1>
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<hw>Cal`e*fa"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calefaciens</ets> p. pr. of <ets>calefacere</ets> to make warm; <ets>calere</ets> to be warm + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Making warm; heating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Calefacient</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal`e*fa"cient</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A substance that excites warmth in the parts to which it is applied, as mustard.</def>

<h1>Calefaction</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal`e*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calefactio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cal\'82faction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of warming or heating; the production of heat in a body by the action of fire, or by communication of heat from other bodies.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being heated.</def>

<h1>Calefactive</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal`e*fac"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Calefactory</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Calefactor</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal`e*fac"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A heater; one who, or that which, makes hot, as a stove, etc.</def>

<h1>Calefactory</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal`e*fac"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calefactorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Making hot; producing or communicating heat.</def>

<h1>Calefactory</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal`e*fac"to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An apartment in a monastery, warmed and used as a sitting room.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hollow sphere of metal, filled with hot water, or a chafing dish, placed on the altar in cold weather for the priest to warm his hands with.</def>

<h1>Calefy</h1>
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<hw>Cal"e*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Calefied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Calefying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>calere</ets> to be warm + <ets>-fy</ets>]</ety> <def>To make warm or hot.</def>

<h1>Calefy</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal"e*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow hot or warm.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Calembour</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal"em*bour`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A pun.</def>

<h1>Calendar</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal"en*dar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>kalender</ets>, <ets>calender</ets>, fr. L. <ets>kalendarium</ets> an interest or account book (cf. F. <ets>calendrier</ets>, OF. <ets>calendier</ets>) fr. L. <ets>calendue</ets>, <ets>kalendae</ets>, calends. See <er>Calends</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An orderly arrangement of the division of time, adapted to the purposes of civil life, as years, months, weeks, and days; also, a register of the year with its divisions; an almanac.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A tabular statement of the dates of feasts, offices, saints' days, etc., esp. of those which are liable to change yearly according to the varying date of Easter.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An orderly list or enumeration of persons, things, or events; a schedule; <as>as, a <ex>calendar</ex> of state papers; a <ex>calendar</ex> of bills presented in a legislative assemblly; a <ex>calendar</ex> of causes arranged for trial in court; a <ex>calendar</ex> of a college or an academy.</as></def>

<note>Shepherds of people had need know the <i>calendars</i> of tempests of state.</note>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<cs><col>Calendar clock</col>, <cd>one that shows the days of the week and month.</cd> -- <col>Calendar month</col>. <cd>See under <er>Month</er>.</cd> -- <col>French Republican calendar</col>. <cd>See under <er>Vend\'82miaire</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Gregorian calendar</col>, <col>Julian calendar</col>, <col>Perpetual calendar</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Gregorian</er>, <er>Julian</er>, and <er>Perpetual</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Calendar</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal"en*dar</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Calendared</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Calendaring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To enter or write in a calendar; to register.</def>

<i>Waterhouse.</i>

<h1>Calendarial</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal`en*da"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the calendar or a calendar.</def>

<h1>Calendary</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal"en*da*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Calendarial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Calender</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal"en*der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>calandre</ets>, LL. <ets>calendra</ets>, corrupted fr. L. <ets>cylindrus</ets> a cylinder, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/. See <er>Cylinider</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A machine, used for the purpose of giving cloth, paper, etc., a smooth, even, and glossy or glazed surface, by cold or hot pressure, or for watering them and giving them a wavy appearance. It consists of two or more cylinders revolving nearly in contact, with the necessary apparatus for moving and regulating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who pursues the business of calendering.</def>

<blockquote>My good friend the <b>calender</b>.
<i>Cawper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Calender</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal"en*der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Calendered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Calendering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>calandrer</ets>. See <er>Calender</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To press between rollers for the purpose of making smooth and glossy, or wavy, as woolen and silk stuffs, linens, paper, etc.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Calender</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal"en*der</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>qalender</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of a sect or order of fantastically dressed or painted dervishes.</def>

<h1>Calendographer</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal`en*dog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Calendar</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets> + <ets>er</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who makes calendars.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Calendrer</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal"en*drer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who calenders cloth; a calender.</def>

<h1>Calendric, Calendrical</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw><hw>Ca*len"dric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ca*len"dric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt>, <def>Of or pertaining to a calendar.</def>

<h1>Calends</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal"ends</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>kalendes</ets> month, calends, AS. <ets>calend</ets> month, fr. L. <ets>calendae</ets>; akin to <ets>calare</ets> to call, proclaim, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/. CF. <er>Claim</er>.]</ety> <def>The first day of each month in the ancient Roman calendar.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kalends</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>The Greek calends</col>, <cd>a time that will never come, as the Greeks had no calends.</cd></cs>

<h1>Calendula</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Ca*len"du*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>calendae</ets> calends.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of composite herbaceous plants. One species, <spn>Calendula officinalis</spn>, is the common marigold, and was supposed to blossom on the calends of every month, whence the name.</def>

<h1>Calendulin</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Ca*len"du*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A gummy or mucilaginous tasteless substance obtained from the marigold or calendula, and analogous to bassorin.</def>

<h1>Calenture</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal"en*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>calenture</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>calenture</ets> heat, fever, fr. <ets>calentar</ets> to heat, fr. p. pr. of L. <ets>calere to be warm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A name formerly given to various fevers occuring in tropics; esp. to a form of furious delirium accompanied by fever, among sailors, which sometimes led the affected person to imagine the sea to be a green field, and to throw himself into it.</def>

<h1>Calenture</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal"en*ture</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To see as in the delirium of one affected with calenture.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Hath fed on pageants floating through the air
Or <b>calentures</b> in depths of limpid flood.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Calescence</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Ca*les"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calescens</ets>, <ets>p</ets>.<ets>pr</ets>. <ets>of calescere</ets>, incho. of <ets>calere</ets> to be warm.]</ety> <def>Growing warmth; increasing heat.</def>

<h1>Calf</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Calf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Calves</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>calf</ets>, <ets>kelf</ets>, AS. <ets>cealf</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kalf</ets>, G. <ets>kalb</ets>, Icel. <ets>k\'belfr</ets>, Sw. <ets>kalf</ets>, Dan. <ets>kalv</ets>, Goth. <ets>kalb\'d3</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>garbha</ets> fetus, young, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, Skr <ets>grabh</ets> to seize, conceive, Ir. <ets>colpa</ets>, <ets>colpach</ets>, a calf. \'fb222.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The young of the cow, or of the Bovine family of quadrupeds. Also, the young of some other mammals, as of the elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, and whale.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Leather made of the skin of the calf; especially, a fine, light-colored leather used in bookbinding; <as>as, to bind books in <ex>calf</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An awkward or silly boy or young man; any silly person; a dolt.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some silly, doting, brainless <b>calf</b>.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A small island near a larger; <as>as, the <ex>Calf</ex> of Man</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A small mass of ice set free from the submerged part of a glacier or berg, and rising to the surface.</def>

<i>Kane.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>k\'belfi</ets>.]</ety> <def>The fleshy hinder part of the leg below the knee.</def>

<cs><col>Calf's-foot jelly</col>, <cd>jelly made from the feet of calves. The gelatinous matter of the feet is extracted by boiling, and is flavored with sugar, essences, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Calfskin</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Calf"skin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The hide or skin of a calf; or leather made of the skin.</def>

<h1>Cali</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Ca"li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Hindoo Myth.)</fld> <def>The tenth avatar or incarnation of the god Vishnu.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Kali</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Caliber, Calibre</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw><hw>Cal"i*ber</hw>, <hw>Cal"ibre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>calibre</ets>, perh. fr. L. <ets>qualibra</ets> of what pound, of what weight; hence, of what size, applied first to a ball or bullet; cf. also Ar. <ets>q\'belib</ets> model, mold. Cf. <er>Calipers</er>, <er>Calivere</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gunnery)</fld> <def>The diameter of the bore, as a cannon or other firearm, or of any tube; or the weight or size of the projectile which a firearm will carry; <as>as, an 8 inch gun, a 12-pounder, a 44 <ex>caliber</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>caliber</b> of empty tubes.
<i>Reid.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A battery composed of three guns of small <b>caliber</b>.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The <i>caliber</i> of firearms is expressed in various ways. Cannon are often designated by the weight of a solid spherical shot that will fit the bore; as, a 12-pounder; pieces of ordnance that project shell or hollow shot are designated by the diameter of their bore; as, a 12 inch mortar or a 14 inch shell gun; small arms are designated by hundredths of an inch expressed decimally; as, a rifle of .44 inch <i>caliber</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The diameter of round or cylindrical body, as of a bullet or column.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: Capacity or compass of mind.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<cs><col>Caliber compasses</col>. <cd>See <er>Calipers</er>.</cd> -- <col>Caliber rule</col>, <cd>a gunner's calipers, an instrument having two scales arranged to determine a ball's weight from its diameter, and conversely.</cd> -- <col>A ship's caliber</col>, <cd>the weight of her armament.</cd></cs>

<h1>Calibrate</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal"i*brate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To ascertain the caliber of, as of a thermometer tube; also, more generally, to determine or rectify the graduation of, as of the various standards or graduated instruments.</def>

<h1>Calibration</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal`ibra"*tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of estimating the caliber a tube, as of a thermometer tube, in order to graduate it to a scale of degrees; also, more generally, the determination of the true value of the spaces in any graduated instrument.</def>

<h1>Calice</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal"ice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Calice</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Chalice</er>.</def>

<h1>Calicle</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal"i*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caliculus</ets> a small cup, dim. of <ets>calicis</ets>, a cup. Cf <er>Calycle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the small cuplike cavities, often with elevated borders, covering the surface of most corals. Each is formed by a polyp. <sd>(b)</sd> One of the cuplike structures inclosing the zooids of certain hydroids. See <er>Campanularian</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>calycle</asp>. See <er>Calycle</er>.]</altsp>

<h1>Calico</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal"i*co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Calicoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[So called because first imported from <ets>Calicut</ets>, in the East Indies: cf. F. <ets>calicot</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Plain white cloth made from cotton, but which receives distinctive names according to quality and use, <as>as, super <ex>calicoes</ex>, shirting <ex>calicoes</ex>, unbleached <ex>calicoes</ex>, etc.</as></def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>The importation of printed or stained <b>colicoes</b> appears to have been coeval with the establishment of the East India Company.
<i>Beck (Draper's Dict. ).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cotton cloth printed with a figured pattern.</def>

<note>&hand; In the United States the term <i>calico</i> is applied only to the printed fabric.</note>

<cs><col>Calico bass</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an edible, fresh-water fish (<spn>Pomoxys sparaides</spn>) of the rivers and lake of the Western United States (esp. of the Misissippi valley.), allied to the sunfishes, and so called from its variegated colors; -- called also <altname>calicoback</altname>, <altname>grass bass</altname>, <altname>strawberry bass</altname>, <altname>barfish</altname>, and <altname>bitterhead</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Calico printing</col>, <cd>the art or process of impressing the figured patterns on calico.</cd></cs>

<h1>Calico</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal"i*co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of, or having the apperance of, calico; -- often applied to an animal, as a horse or cat, on whose body are large patches of a color strikingly different from its main color.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Calicoback</h1>
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<hw>Cal"i*co*back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The calico bass.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An hemipterous insect (<spn>Murgantia histrionica</spn>) which injures the cabbage and other garden plants; -- called also <altname>calico bug</altname> and <altname>harlequin cabbage bug</altname>.</def>

<h1>Calicular, a. Caliculate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ca*lic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <hw>Ca*lic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or resembling, a cup; also improperly used for <i>calycular</i>, <i>calyculate</i>.</def>

<h1>Calid</h1>
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<hw>Cal"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calidus</ets>, fr. <ets>calere</ets> to be hot.]</ety> <def>Hot; burning; ardent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Calidity</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Heat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Caliduct</h1>
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<hw>Cal"i*duct</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Caloriduct</er>.]</ety> <def>A pipe or duct used to convey hot air or steam.</def>

<blockquote>Subterranean <b>caliducts</b> have been introduced.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Calif, n., Califate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ca"lif</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Cal"i*fate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt>, etc. <def>Same as <er>Caliph</er>, <er>Caliphate</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Californian</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal`i*for"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to California.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native or inhabitant of California.</def></def2>

<h1>Caligation</h1>
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<hw>Cal`i*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caligatio</ets>, fr. <ets>caligare</ets> to emit vapor, to be dark, from <ets>caligo</ets> mist, darkness.]</ety> <def>Dimness; cloudiness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Caliginosity</h1>
<Xpage=204>

<hw>Ca*lig`i*nos"ity</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caliginosus</ets> dark. See <er>Caligation</er>.]</ety> <def>Darkness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Caliginous</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lig"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caliginosus</ets>; cf. F. <ets>caligineux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affected with darkness or dimness; dark; obscure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>caliginous</b> regions of the air.
<i>Hallywell.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ca*lig"i*nous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ca*lig"i*nous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Caligo</h1>
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<hw>Ca*li"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., darkness.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Dimness or obscurity of sight, dependent upon a speck on the cornea; also, the speck itself.</def>

<h1>Caligraphic</h1>
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<hw>Cal`i*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Calligraphic</er>.</def>

<h1>Caligraphy</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lig"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Caligraphy</er>.</def>

<h1>Calin</h1>
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<hw>Ca"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Malay <ets>kelany</ets> tin, or fr. <ets>Kala'a</ets>, a town in India, fr. which it came.]</ety> <def>An alloy of lead and tin, of which the Chinese make tea canisters.</def>

<h1>Calipash</h1>
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<hw>Cal`i*pash"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carapace</ets>, Sp. <ets>carapacho</ets>. Cf <er>Calarash</er>, <er>Carapace</er>.]</ety> <def>A part of a turtle which is next to the upper shell. It contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a dull greenish tinge, much esteemed as a delicacy in preparations of turtle.</def>

<h1>Calipee</h1>
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<hw>Cal"i*pee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Calipash</er>]</ety> <def>A part of a turtle which is attached to the lower shell. It contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a light yellowish color, much esteemed as a delicacy.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Calipers</h1>
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<hw>Cal"i*pers</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted from <ets>caliber</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument, usually resembling a pair of dividers or compasses with curved legs, for measuring the diameter or thickness of bodies, as of work shaped in a lathe or planer, timber, masts, shot, etc.; or the bore of firearms, tubes, etc.; -- called also <altname>caliper compasses</altname>, or <altname>caliber compasses</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Caliper square</col>, <cd>a draughtsman's or mechanic's square, having a graduated bar and adjustable jaw or jaws. <i>Knight<i>.</cd> -- <col>Vernier calipers</col>. <cd>See <er>Vernier</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Caliph</h1>
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<hw>Ca"liph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>caliphe</ets>, <ets>califfe</ets>, F. <ets>calife</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>califa</ets>), fr. Ar. <ets>khal\'c6fan</ets> successor, fr. <ets>khalafa</ets> to succed.]</ety> <def>Successor or vicar; -- a title of the successors of Mohammed both as temporal and spiritual rulers, now used by the sultans of Turkey,</def> <altsp>[Writting also <asp>calif</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Caliphate</h1>
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<hw>Cal"i*phate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>califat</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office, dignity, or government of a caliph or of the caliphs.</def>

<h1>Calippic</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lip"pic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Calippus, an Athenian astronomer.</def>

<cs><col>Calippic period</col>, <cd>a period of seventy-six years, proposed by Calippus, as an improvement on the Metonic cycle, since the 6940 days of the Metonic cycle exceeded 19 years by about a quarter of a day, and exceeded 235 lunations by something more.</cd></cs>

<h1>Calisaya bark</h1>
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<hw>Cal`i*sa"ya bark</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A valuable kind of Peruvian bark obtained from the <i>Cinchona Calisaya</i>, and other closely related species.</def>

<h1>Calistheneum</h1>
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<hw>Cal`is*the"ne*um</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A gymnasium; esp. one for light physical exercise by women and children.</def>

<h1>Calisthenis</h1>
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<hw>Cal`is*then"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ beautiful + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ strength.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to calisthenics.</def>

<h1>Calisthenics</h1>
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<hw>Cal`is*then"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science, art, or practice of healthful exercise of the body and limbs, to promote strength and gracefulness; light gymnastics.</def>

<h1>Caliver</h1>
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<hw>Cal"i*ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>caliber</ets>.]</ety> <def>An early form of hand gun, variety of the arquebus; originally a gun having a regular size of bore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Calix</h1>
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<hw>Ca"lix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A cup. See <er>Calyx</er>.</def>

<h1>Calk</h1>
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<hw>Calk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. &p. p.</tt> <er>Calked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Calking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Either corrupted fr. F. <ets>calfater</ets> (cf. Pg. <ets>calafetar</ets>, Sp. <ets>calafetear</ets>), fr. Ar. <ets>qalafa</ets> to fill up crevices with the fibers of palm tree or moss; or fr. OE. <ets>cauken</ets> to tred, through the French fr. L. <ets>calcare</ets>, fr. <ets>calx</ets> heel. Cf. <er>Calk</er> to copy, <ets>Inculcate</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To drive tarred oakum into the seams between the planks of (a ship, boat, etc.), to prevent leaking. The calking is completed by smearing the seams with melted pitch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make an indentation in the edge of a metal plate, as along a seam in a steam boiler or an iron ship, to force the edge of the upper plate hard against the lower and so fill the crevice.</def>

<h1>Calk</h1>
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<hw>Calk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[E.<ets>calquer</ets> to trace, It. <ets>caicare</ets> to trace, to trample, fr. L. <ets>calcare</ets> to trample, fr. <ets>calx</ets> heel. Cf. <er>Calcarate</er>.]</ety> <def>To copy, as a drawing, by rubbing the back of it with red or black chalk, and then passing a blunt style or needle over the lines, so as to leave a tracing on the paper or other thing against which it is laid or held.</def> <altsp>[Writting also <asp>calque</asp>]</altsp>

<hr>
<page="205">
Page 205<p>

<h1>Calk</h1>
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<hw>Calk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS <ets>calc</ets> shoe, hoof, L. <ets>calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>, hel, <ets>c\'84lcar</ets>, spur.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sharp-pointed piece or iron or steel projecting downward on the shoe of a nore or an ox, to prevent the animal from slipping; -- called also <altname>calker</altname>, <altname>calkin</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument with sharp points, worn on the sole of a shoe or boot, to prevent slipping.</def>

<h1>Calk</h1>
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<hw>Calk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish with calks, to prevent slipping on ice; <as>as, to <ex>calk</ex> the shoes of a horse or an ox</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wound with a calk; as when a horse injures a leg or a foot with a calk on one of the other feet.</def>

<h1>Calker</h1>
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<hw>Calk"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who calks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A calk on a shoe. See <er>Calk</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</def>

<h1>Calkin</h1>
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<hw>Calk"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A calk on a shoe. See <er>Calk</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</def>

<h1>Calking</h1>
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<hw>Calk"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of making seems tight, as in ships, or of furnishing with calks, as a shoe, or copying, as a drawing.</def>

<cs><col>Calking iron</col>, <cd>a tool like a chisel, used in calking ships, tightening seams in ironwork, etc.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Their left hand does the <b>calking iron</b> guide.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Call</h1>
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<hw>Call</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.& p. p.</tt> <er>Called</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. r. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Calling</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>callen</ets>, AS. <ets>ceallin</ets>; akin to Icel & Sw. <ets>kalla</ets>, Dan. <ets>kalde</ets>, D. <ets>kallen</ets> to talk, prate, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to speak, sing, Skr. <ets>gar</ets> to praise. Cf. <er>Garrulous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To command or request to come or be present; to summon; <as>as, to <ex>call</ex> a servant</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Call</b> hither Clifford; bid him come amain
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To summon to the discharge of a particular duty; to designate for an office, or employment, especially of a religious character; -- often used of a divine summons; <as>as, to be <ex>called</ex> to the ministry</as>; sometimes, to invite; <as>as, to <ex>call</ex> a minister to be the pastor of a church</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Paul . . . <b>called</b> to be an apostle
<i>Rom. i. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have <b>called</b> them.
<i>Acts xiii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To invite or command to meet; to convoke; -- often with <i>together</i>; <as>as, the President <ex>called</ex> Congress together</as>; to appoint and summon; <as>as, to <ex>call</ex> a meeting of the Board of Aldermen</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Now <b>call</b> we our high court of Parliament.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give name to; to name; to address, or speak of, by a specifed name.</def>

<blockquote>If you would but <b>call</b> me Rosalind.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And God <b>called</b> the light Day, and the darkness he <b>called</b> Night.
<i>Gen. i. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To regard or characterize as of a certain kind; to denominate; to designate.</def>

<blockquote>What God hath cleansed, that <b>call</b> not thou common.
<i>Acts x. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To state, or estimate, approximately or loosely; to characterize without strict regard to fact; <as>as, they <ex>call</ex> the distance ten miles; he <ex>called</ex> it a full day's work.</as></def>

<blockquote>[The] army is <b>called</b> seven hundred thousand men.
<i>Brougham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To show or disclose the class, character, or nationality of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This speech <b>calls</b> him Spaniard.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To utter in a loud or distinct voice; -- often with <i>off</i>; <as>as, to <ex>call</ex>, or <ex>call off</ex>, the items of an account; to <ex>call</ex> the roll of a military company.</as></def>

<blockquote>No parish clerk who <b>calls</b> the psalm so clear.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To invoke; to appeal to.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>call</b> God for a witness.
<i>2 Cor. i. 23 [Rev. Ver. ]</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To rouse from sleep; to awaken.</def>

<blockquote>If thou canst awake by four o' the clock.
I prithee <b>call</b> me. Sleep hath seized me wholly.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To call a bond</col>, <cd>to give notice that the amount of the bond will be paid.</cd> -- <col>To call a party</col> <cd><fld>(Law)</fld>, to cry aloud his name in open court, and command him to come in and perform some duty requiring his presence at the time on pain of what may befall him.</cd> -- <col>To call back</col>, <cd>to revoke or retract; to recall; to summon back.</cd> -- <col>To call down</col>, <cd>to pray for, as blessing or curses.</cd> -- <col>To call forth</col>, <cd>to bring or summon to action; as, <i>to call forth</i> all the faculties of the mind.</cd> -- <col>To call in</col>, <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To collect; as, <i>to call in</i> debts or money; ar to withdraw from cirulation; as, <i>to call in</i> uncurrent coin. <sd>(b)</sd> To summon to one's side; to invite to come together; as, <i>to call in</i> neighbors.</cd> -- <col>To call (any one) names</col>, <cd>to apply contemptuous names (to any one).</cd> -- <col>To call off</col>, <cd>to summon away; to divert; as, <i>to call off</i> the attention; <i>to call off</i> workmen from their employment.</cd> -- <col>To call out</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To summon to fight; to challenge. <sd>(b)</sd> To summon into service; as, <i>to call out</i> the militia.</cd> -- <col>To call over</col>, <cd>to recite separate particulars in order, as a roll of names.</cd> -- <col>To call to account</col>, <cd>to demand explanation of.</cd> -- <col>To call to mind</col>, <cd>to recollect; to revive in memory.</cd> -- <col>To call to order</col>, <cd>to request to come to order; as: <sd>(a)</sd> A public meeting, when opening it for business. <sd>(b)</sd> A person, when he is transgressing the rules of debate.</cd> -- <col>To call to the bar</col>, <cd>to admit to practice in courts of law.</cd> -- <col>To call up</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To bring into view or recollection; as <i>to call up</i> the image of deceased friend. <sd>(b)</sd> To bring into action or discussion; to demand the consideration of; as, <i>to call up</i> a bill before a legislative body.

<syn>Syn. -- To name; denominate; invite; bid; summon; convoke; assemble; collect; exhort; warn; proclaim; invoke; appeal to; designate.</syn> <usage> <er>To Call</er>, <er>Convoke</er>, <er>Summon</er>. <i>Call</i> is the generic term; as, to <i>call</i> a public meeting. To <i>convoke</i> is to require the assembling of some organized body of men by an act of authority; as, the king <i>convoked</i> Parliament. To <i>summon</i> is to require attendance by an act more or less stringent anthority; as, to <i>summon</i> a witness.</usage>

<h1>Call</h1>
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<hw>Call</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To speak in loud voice; to cry out; to address by name; -- sometimes with <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>You must <b>call</b> to the nurse.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The angel of God <b>called</b> to Hagar.
<i>Gen. xxi. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a demand, requirement, or request.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>called</b> for rooms, and he showed them one.
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make a brief visit; also, to stop at some place designated, as for orders.</def>

<blockquote>He ordered her to <b>call</b> at the house once a week.
<i>Temple.</cd></i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To call for</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To demand; to require; <as>as, a crime <ex>calls for<ex> punishment; a survey, grant, or deed <ex>calls for<ex> the metes and bounds, or the quantity of land, etc., which it describes</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To give an order for; to request.</cd>  "Whenever the coach stopped, the sailor <i>called for<i> more ale." <i>Marryat</i>. -- <mcol><col>To call on</col>, <col>To call upon</col></mcol>, <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To make a short visit to; <as>as, <ex>call on<ex> a friend</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To appeal to; to invite; to request earnestly; <as>as, <ex>to call upon<ex> a person to make a speech</as>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To solicit payment, or make a demand, of a debt.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To invoke or play to; to worship; <as>as, <ex>to call upon<ex> God</as>.</cd> -- <col>To call out</col> <cd>To call or utter loudly; to brawl.</cd></cs>

<h1>Call</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Call</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of calling; -- usually with the voice, but often otherwise, as by signs, the sound of some instrument, or by writing; a summons; an entreaty; an invitation; <as>as, a <ex>call</ex> for help; the bugle's <ex>call</ex>.</as></def> "<i>Call</i> of the trumpet."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>I rose as at thy <b>call</b>, but found thee not.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A signal, as on a drum, bugle, trumpet, or pipe, to summon soldiers or sailors to duty.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An invitation to take charge of or serve a church as its pastor.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A requirement or appeal arising from the circumstances of the case; a moral requirement or appeal.</def>

<blockquote>Dependence is a perpetual <b>call</b> upon hummanity.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Running into danger without any <b>call</b> of duty.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A divine vocation or summons.</def>

<blockquote>St. Paul himself believed he did well, and that he had a <b>call</b> to it, when he persecuted the Christians.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Vocation; employment. <note>[In this sense, <i>calling</i> is generally used.]</note></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A short visit; <as>as, to make a <ex>call</ex> on a neighbor</as>; also, the daily coming of a tradesman to solicit orders.</def>

<blockquote>The baker's punctual <b>call</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Hunting)</fld> <def>A note blown on the horn to encourage the hounds.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A whistle or pipe, used by the boatswain and his mate, to summon the sailors to duty.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Fowling)</fld> <def>The cry of a bird; also a noise or cry in imitation of a bird; or a pipe to call birds by imitating their note or cry.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Amer. Land Law)</fld> <def>A reference to, or statement of, an object, course, distance, or other matter of description in a survey or grant reguiring or calling for a carresponding object, etc., on the land.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>The privilege to demand the delivery of stock, grain, or any commodity, at a fixed, price, at or within a certain time agreed on.</def> <mark>[Brokers' Cant]</mark>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>See <er>Assessment</er>, 4.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>At call</col>, &or; <col>On call</col></mcol>, <cd>liable to be demanded at any moment without previous notice; as money on deposit.</cd> -- <col>Call bird</col>, <cd>a bird taught to allure others into a snare.</cd> -- <col>Call boy</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A boy who calls the actors in a theater; a boy who transmits the orders of the captain of a vessel to the engineer, helmsman, etc.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A waiting boy who answers a cal, or cames at the ringing of a bell; a bell boy.</cd> -- <col>Call note</col>, <cd>the note naturally used by the male bird to call the female. It is artifically applied by birdcatchers as a decoy. <i>Latham</i>.</cd> -- <col>Call of the house</col> <fld>(Legislative Bodies)</fld>, <cd>a calling over the names of members, to discover who is absent, or for other purposes; a calling of names with a view to obtaining the ayes and noes from the persons named.</cd> -- <col>Call to the bar</col>, <cd>admission to practice in the courts.</cd></cs>

<h1>Calla</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Linn\'91us derived <ets>Calla</ets> fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a cock's wattes but cf. L. <ets>calla</ets>, <ets>calsa</ets>, name of an unknown plant, and Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ beautiful.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, of the order <i>Arace\'91</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; The common <i>Calla</i> of cultivation is <spn>Richardia Africana</spn>, belonging to another genus of the same order. Its large spathe is pure white, surrounding a fleshy spike, which is covered with minute apetalous flowers.</note>

<h1>Callat</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal"lat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Callet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>callat</b> of boundless tongue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Calle</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Calle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Caul</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of head covering; a caul.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Caller</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Call"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who calls.</def>

<h1>Caller</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <mark>[Scot.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cool; refreshing; fresh; <as>as, a <ex>caller</ex> day; the <ex>caller</ex> air.</as></def>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fresh; in good condition; <as>as, <ex>caller</ex> berrings</as>.</def>

<h1>Callet</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>caile</ets> a country woman, strumpet.]</ety> <def>A trull or prostitute; a scold or gossip.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>callat</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Callet</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal"let</hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To rail or scold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Brathwait.</i>

<h1>Callid</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal"lid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>callidus</ets>, fr. <ets>callere</ets> to be thick-skinned, to be hardened, to be practiced, fr. <ets>callum</ets>, <ets>callus</ets>, callous skin, callosity, callousness.]</ety> <def>Characterized by cunning or shrewdness; crafty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Callidity</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal*lid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calliditas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Acuteness of discernment; cunningness; shrewdness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Her eagly-eyed <b>callidity</b>.
<i>C. Smart.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Calligrapher</h1>
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<hw>Cal*lig"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in calligraphy; a good penman.</def>

<h1>Calligraphic, Calligraphical</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw><hw>Cal`li*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cal`li*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt>, <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/; pref. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/- (fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ beautiful) + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to write; cf. F. <ets>calligraphique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to calligraphy.</def>

<blockquote>Excellence in the <b>calligraphic</b> act.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Calligraphist</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal*lig"ra*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A calligrapher</def>

<h1>Calligraphy</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal*lig"ra*phy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/: cf. F. <ets>calligraphie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fair or elegant penmanship.</def>

<h1>Calling</h1>
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<hw>Call"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who calls; a crying aloud, esp. in order to summon, or to attact the attention of, some one.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A summoning or convocation, as of Parliament.</def>

<blockquote>The frequent <b>calling</b> and meeting of Parlaiment.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A divine summons or invitation; also, the state of being divinely called.</def>

<blockquote>Who hath . . . called us with an holy <b>calling</b>.
<i>2 Tim. i. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Give diligence to make yior <b>calling</b> . . . sure.
<i>2 Pet. i. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A naming, or inviting; a reading over or reciting in order, or a call of names with a view to obtaining an answer, as in legislative bodies.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>One's usual occupation, or employment; vocation; business; trade.</def>

<blockquote>The humble <b>calling</b> of ter female parent.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The persons, collectively, engaged in any particular professions or employment.</def>

<blockquote>To impose celibacy on wholy <b>callings</b>.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Title; appellation; name.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I am more proud to be Sir Rowland's son
His youngest son, and would not change that <b>calling</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Occupation; employment; business; trade; profession; office; engagement; vocation.</syn>

<h1>Calliope</h1>
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<hw>Cal*li"o*pe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Calliope</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, lit, the beautiful-voiced; pref. <grk>kalli-</grk> (from <grk>kallos</grk> beautiful) +<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/, voice.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The Muse that presides over eloquence and heroic poetry; mother of Orpheus, and chief of the nine Muses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of the astreids. See <er>Solar</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A musical instrument consisting of series of steam whistles, toned to the notes of the scale, and played by keys arranged like those of an organ. It is sometimes attached to steamboat boilers.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beautuful species of humming bird (<spn>Stellula Calliope</spn>) of California and adjacent regions.</def>

<h1>Calliopsis</h1>
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<hw>Cal`li*op"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. pref. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/- (ir. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ beautiful) + <?/<?/<?/<?/ appearance.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A popular name given to a few species of the genus <spn>Careopsis</spn>, especially to <spn>C. tinctoria</spn> of Arkansas.</def>

<h1>Callipash</h1>
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<hw>Cal`li*pash"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Calipash</er>.</def>

<h1>Callipee</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal`li*pee"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Calipee</er>.</def>

<h1>Callipers</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal`li*pers</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See Calipers.</def>

<h1>Callisection</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal`li*sec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>callere</ets> to be insensible + E. <ets>section</ets>.]</ety> <def>Painless vivisection; -- opposed to <i>sentisection</i>.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Callisthenic, a., Callisthenics</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw><hw>Cal`lis*then"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>Cal`lis*then"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><hw> <def>See <er>Calisthenic</er>, <er>Calisthenics</er>.</def>

<h1>Callithump</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal"li*thump`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A somewhat riotous parade, accompanied with the blowing of tin horus, and other discordant noises; also, a burlesque serenade; a charivari.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Callithumpian</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal`li*thump"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a callithump.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Callosan</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal*lo"san</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of the callosum.</def>

<h1>Callose</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal"lose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Callous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Furnished with protuberant or hardened spots.</def>

<h1>Callosity</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal*los"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Callosities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>callasitas</ets>; cf. F. <ets>calost\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hard or thickened spot or protuberance; a hardening and thickening of the skin or bark of a part, eps. as a result of continued pressure or friction.</def>

<h1>Callosum</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal*lo"sum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>callosus</ets> callous, hard.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The great band commissural fibers which unites the two cerebral hemispheres. See <cref>corpus callosum</cref>, under <er>Carpus</er>.</def>

<h1>Callot</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal"lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A plant coif or skullcap. Same as <er>Calotte</er>.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Callous</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal"lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>callosus</ets> callous hard, fr. <ets>callum</ets>, <ets>callus</ets>, callous skin: cf. F. <ets>calleux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hardenes; indurated.</def>  "A <i>callous</i> hand." <i>Goldsmith</i>. "A <i>callous</i> ulcer." <i>Dunglison</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hardened in mind; insensible; unfeeling; unsusceptible.</def> "The <i>callous</i> diplomatist."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>It is an immense blessing to be perfectly <b>callous</b> to ridicule.
<i>T. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Obdurate; hard; hardened; indurated; insensible; unfeeling; unsusceptible. See <er>Obdurate</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Cal"lous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Cal"lous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>A <b>callousness</b> and numbness of soul.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Callow</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>calewe</ets>, <ets>calu</ets>, bald, AS. <ets>calu</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kaal</ets>, OHG. <ets>chalo</ets>, G. <ets>Kuhl</ets>; cf. L. <ets>calvus</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of feathers; naked; unfledged.</def>

<blockquote>An in the leafy summit, spied a nest,
Which, o'er the <b>callow</b> young, a sparrow pressed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Immature; boyish; "green"; <as>as, a <ex>callow</ex> youth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I perceive by this, thou art but a <b>callow</b> maid.
<i>Old Play [1675].</i></blockquote>

<h1>Callow</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal*low"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <ety>[Named from its note.]</ety> <def>A kind of duck. See <er>Old squaw</er>.</def>

<h1>Callus</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Callous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Callosity</er></def>. <sd>(b </sd> <def>The material of repair in fractures of bone; a substance exuded at the site of fracture, which is at first soft or cartilaginous in consistence, but is ultimately converted into true bone and unites the fragments into a single piece.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>The new formation over the end of a cutting, before it puts out rootlets.</def>

<h1>Calm</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Calm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>calme</ets>, F. <ets>calme</ets>, fr. It. or Sp. <ets>calma</ets> (cf. Pg. <ets>calma</ets> heat), prob. fr. LL. <ets>cauma</ets> heat, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ burning heat, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to burn; either because during a great heat there is generally also a calm, or because the hot time of the day obliges us seek for shade and quiet; cf. <er>Caustic</er>]</ety> <def>Freodom from motion, agitation, or disturbance; a cessation or abeence of that which causes motion or disturbance, as of winds or waves; tranquility; stilness; quiet; serenity.</def>

<blockquote>The wind ceased, and there was a great <b>calm</b>.
<i>Mark. iv. 39.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>calm</b> before a storm is commonly a peace of a man's own making.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Calm</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Calm</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Calmed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Calming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>calmer</ets>. See <er>Calm</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make calm; to render still or quet, as elements; <as>as, <ex>to calm</ex> the winds</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>calm</b> the tempest raised by Eolus.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deliver from agitation or excitement; to still or soothe, as the mind or passions.</def>

<blockquote>Passions which seem somewhat <b>calmed</b>.
<i><?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To still; quiet; appease; ally; pacigy; tranquilize; soothe; compose; assuage; check; restrain.</syn>

<h1>Calm</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Calm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>compar.</tt> <er>Calmer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>super.</tt> <er>Calmest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not stormy; without motion, as of winds or waves; still; quiet; serene; undisturbed.</def> "<i>Calm</i> was the day."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Now all is <b>calm</b>, and fresh, and still.
<i>Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Undisturbed by passion or emotion; not agitated or excited; tranquil; quiet in act or speech.</def>  "<i>Calm</i> and sinless peace." <i>Milton</i>. "With <i>calm</i> attention." <i>Pope</i>.

<blockquote>Such <b>calm</b> old age as conscience pure
And self-commanding hearts ensure.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Still; quiet; undisturbed; tranquil; peaceful; serene; composed; unruffled; sedate; collected; placid.</syn>

<h1>Calmer</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Calm"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, makes calm.</def>

<h1>Calmly</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Calm"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a calm manner.</def>

<blockquote>The gentle stream which <b>calmly</b> flows.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Calmness</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Calm"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of quality of being calm; quietness; tranquillity; self-repose.</def>

<blockquote>The gentle <b>calmness</b> of the flood.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hes <b>calmness</b> was the repose of conscious power.
<i>E. Everett.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Quietness; quietude; stillness; tranquillity; serenity; repose; composure; sedateness; placidity.</syn>

<h1>Calmucks</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal"mucks</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt><def>; <i>sing</i>. <er>Calmuck</er>. A branch of the Mongolian race inbabiting parts of the Russian and Chinese empires; also (<i>sing</i>.), the language of the Calmucks.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Kalmucks</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Calmy</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Calm"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Fr. <er>Calm</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Tranquil; peaceful; calm.</def> <mark>[Poet.]</mark> "A still and <i>calmy</i> day"

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Calomel</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal"o*mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ beautuful + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ black. So called from its being white, though made from a black mixture of mercury and corrosive sublimate. Cf. F. <ets>calom\'82las</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Mild chloride of mercury, Hg<?/Cl<?/, a heavy, white or yellowish white substance, insoluble and tastelles, much used in medichine as a mercurial and purgative; mercurous chloride. It occurs native as the mineral born quicksiver.</def>

<h1>Calorescence</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal`o*res"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calor</ets> heat.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The conversion of obscure radiant heat info kight; the transmutation of rays of heat into others of higher refrangibility.</def>

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Caloric</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Ca*lor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calor</ets> heat; cf. F. <ets>calorique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The principle of heat, or the agent to which the phenomena of heat and combustion were formerly ascribed; -- not now used in scientific nomenclature, but sometimes used as a general term for heat.</def>

<blockquote><b>Caloric</b> expands all bodies.
<i>Henry.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Caloric</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Ca*lor"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to caloric.</def>

<cs><col>Caloric engine</col>, <cd>a kind of engine operated air.</cd></cs>

<h1>Caloricity</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal`o*ric"ity</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A faculty in animals of developing and preserving the heat nesessary to life, that is, the animal heat.</def>

<h1>Caloriduct</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Ca*lor"i*duct</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calor</ets> heat (fr. <ets>calere</ets> to warm) + E. <ets>duct</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tube or duct for conducting heat; a caliduct.</def>

<h1>Calorie</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal"o*rie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>calor</ets> heat.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The unit of heat according to the Frensc standard; the amount of heat requires to raise the temperature of one kilogram (sometimes, one gram) of water one degree centigrade, or from 0<?/ to 1<?/. Compfre the English standart unit. <i>Foot pound</i>.</def>

<h1>Calorifacient</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Ca*lor`i*fa"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Calorificient</er>.</def>

<h1>Calorifere</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Ca*lor"i*fere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>calorif\'8are</ets>, fr. L. <ets>calor</ets> heat + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>An apparatus for conveying and distributing heat, especially by means of hot water circulating in tubes.</def>

<h1>Calorifiant</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Ca*lor`i*fi"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Calorificient</er>.</def>

<h1>Calorific</h1>
<Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal`o*rif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calorificus</ets>; <ets>calor</ets> heat + <ets>facere</ets> to make; cf. F. <ets>calorifique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Possessing the quality of producing heat; heating.</def>

<cs><col>Calorific rays</col>, <cd>the invisible, heating rays which emanate from the sum, and burning and heated bodies.</cd></cs>

<h1>Calorification</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lor`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>calorification</ets>.]</ety> <def>Production of heat, esp. animal heat.</def>

<h1>Calorificlent</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lor`i*fi"clent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Having, or relating to the power of producing heat; -- applied to foods which, being rich in carbon, as the fats, are supposed to give rise to heat in the animal body by oxidation.</def>

<h1>Calorimeter</h1>
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<hw>Cal`o*rim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calor</ets> heat + <ets>-meter</ets>; cf. F. <ets>calorim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for measuring the amount of heat contained in bodies or developed by some mechanical or chemical process, as friction, chemical combination, combustion, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Engineering)</fld> <def>An apparatus for measuring the proportion of unevaporated water contained in steam.</def>

<h1>Calorimetric</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lor`i*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to process of using the calorimeter.</def>

<blockquote>Satisfactory <b>calorimetric</b> results.
<i>Nichol.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Calorimetry</h1>
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<hw>Cal`o*rim"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Measurement of the quantities of heat in bodies.</def>

<h1>Calorimotor</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lor`i*mo"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calor</ets> heat + E. <ets>motor</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A voltaic battery, having a large surface of plate, and producing powerful heating effects.</def>

<h1>Calotte, Callot</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ca*lotte"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cal"lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>calotte</ets>, dim. of <ets>cale</ets> a sort of flat cap. Cf. <er>Caul</er>.]</ety> <def>A close cap without visor or brim. Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> Such a cap, worn by English serjeants at law. <sd>(b)</sd> Such a cap, worn by the French cavalry under their helmets. <sd>(c)</sd> Such a cap, worn by the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church.</def>

<cs><col>To assume the calotte</col>, <cd>to become a priest.</cd></cs>

<h1>Calotype</h1>
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<hw>Cal"o*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ beautiful + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ type.]</ety> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A method of taking photographic pictures, on paper sensitized with iodide of silver; -- also called <altname>Talbotype</altname>, from the inventor, Mr. Fox. <ets>Talbot</ets>.</def>

<h1>Caloyer</h1>
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<hw>Ca*loy"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. NGr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a monk; <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ beautiful, good + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, equiv. to Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ an old man.]</ety> <def>A monk of the Greek Church; a cenobite, anchoret, or recluse of the rule of St. Basil, especially, one on or near Mt. Athos.</def>

<h1>Calque</h1>
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<hw>Calque</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See 2d <er>Calk</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Caltrop, Caltrap</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cal"trop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cal"trap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>calketrappe</ets>, <ets>calletrappe</ets>, caltor (in both senses), fr. AS. <ets>collr\'91ppe</ets>, <ets>calcetreppe</ets>, sort of thistle; cf. F. <ets>chaussetrape</ets> star thistle, trap, It. <ets>calcatreppo</ets>, <ets>calcatreppolo</ets>, star thistle. Perh. from L. <ets>calx</ets> heel + the same word as E. <ets>trap</ets>. See 1st <er>Trap</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbaceous plants (<spn>Tribulus</spn>) of the order <spn>Zygophylle\'91</spn>, having a hard several-celled fruit, armed with stout spines, and resembling the military instrument of the same name. The species grow in warm countries, and are often very annoying to cattle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An instrument with four iron points, so disposed that, any three of them being on the ground, the other projects upward. They are scattered on the ground where an enemy's cavalry are to pass, to impede their progress by endangering the horses' feet.</def>

<h1>Calumba</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lum"ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[from <ets>kalumb</ets>, its native name in Mozambique.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The root of a plant (<spn>Jateorrhiza Calumba</spn>, and probably <spn>Cocculus palmatus</spn>), indigenous in Mozambique. It has an unpleasantly bitter taste, and is used as a tonic and antiseptic.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>colombo</asp>, <asp>columbo</asp>, and <asp>calombo</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>American calumba</col>, <cd>the <spn>Frasera Carolinensis</spn>, also called <altname>American gentian</altname>. Its root has been used in medicine as bitter tonic in place of <i>calumba<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Calumbin</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lum"bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter principle extracted as a white crystalline substance from the calumba root.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>colombin</asp>, and <asp>columbin</asp>]</altsp>

<h1>Calumet</h1>
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<hw>Cal"u*met</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>calumet</ets>, fr. L. <ets>calamus</ets> reed. See <er>Halm</er>, and cf. <er>Shawm</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of pipe, used by the North American Indians for smoking tobacco. The bowl is usually made of soft red stone, and the tube is a long reed often ornamented with feathers.</def>

<blockquote>Smoked the <b>calumet</b>, the Peace pipe,
As a signal to the nations.
<i>Lowgfellow.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The <i>calumet</i> is used as a symbol of peace. To accept the calumet is to agree to terms of peace, and to refuse it is to reject them. The calumet of peace is used to seal or ratify contracts and alliances, and as an evidence to strangers that they are welcome.</note>

<h1>Calumniate</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lum"ni*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Calumniated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>calumniating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>calumniatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>calumniari</ets>. See <er>Calumny</er>, and cf. <er>Challenge</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To accuse falsely and maliciously of a crime or offense, or of something disreputable; to slander; to libel.</def>

<blockquote>Hatred unto the truth did always falsely report and <b>calumniate</b> all godly men's doings.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Syn</col>. -- <cd>To asperse; slander; defame; vilify; traduce; belie; bespatter; blacken; libel. See <er>Asperse</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Calumniate</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lum"ni*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To propagate evil reports with a design to injure the reputation of another; to make purposely false charges of some offense or crime.</def>

<h1>Calumniation</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lum`ni*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>False accusation of crime or offense, or a malicious and false representation of the words or actions of another, with a view to injure his good name.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>calumniation</b> of her principal counselors.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Calumniator</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lum`ni*a"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who calumniates.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Slanderer; defamer; libeler; traducer.</syn>

<h1>Calumniatory</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lum"ni*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing calumny; slanderous.</def>

<i>Montagu.</i>

<h1>Calumnious</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lum"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calumniosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing or implying calumny; false, malicious, and injurious to reputation; slanderous; <as>as, <ex>calumnious</ex> reports</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Virtue itself 'scapes not <b>calumnious</b> strokes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>. Slanderous; defamatory; scurrilous; opprobrious; derogatory; libelous; abusive.<syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ca*lum"ni*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ca*lum"ni*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Calumny</h1>
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<hw>Cal"um*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Calumnies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>calumnia</ets>, fr. <ets>calvi</ets> to devise tricks, deceive; cf. F. <ets>calomnie</ets>. Cf. <er>Challenge</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>False accusation of a crime or offense, maliciously made or reported, to the injury of another; malicious misrepresentation; slander; detraction.</def> "Infamouse <i>calumnies</i>."

<i>Motley.</i>

<blockquote>Be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, thou shalt not escape <b>calumny</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Calvaria</h1>
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<hw>Cal*va"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Calvary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bones of the cranium; more especially, the bones of the domelike upper portion.</def>

<h1>Calvary</h1>
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<hw>Cal"va*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calvaria</ets> a bare skull, fr. <ets>calva</ets> the scalp without hair. fr. <ets>calvus</ets> bald; cf. F. <ets>calvaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The place where Christ was crucified, on a small hill outside of Jerusalem.</def>

<i>Luke xxiii. 33.</i>

<note>&hand; The Latin <i>calvaria</i> is a translation of the Greek <?/ of the Evangelists, which is an interpretation of the Hebrew <i>Golgotha</i>.</note>

<i>Dr. W. Smith.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A representation of the crucifixion, consisting of three crosses with the figures of Christ and the thieves, often as large as life, and sometimes surrounded by figures of other personages who were present at the crucifixion.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A cross, set upon three steps; -- more properly called <i>cross calvary</i>.</def>

<h1>Calve</h1>
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<hw>Calve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Calved</er> 3; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Calving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>cealfian</ets>. See <er>Calf</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring forth a calf.</def> "Their cow <i>calveth</i>."

<i>Job xxi. 10.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring forth young; to produce offspring.</def>

<blockquote>Canst thou mark when the hinds do <b>calve</b>?
<i>Job xxxix. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The grassy clods now <b>calved</b>.
<i>Molton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Calver</h1>
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<hw>Cal"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut in slices and pickle, as salmon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For a change, leave <b>calvered</b> salmon and eat sprats.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To crimp; <as>as, <ex>calvered</ex> salmon</as>.</def>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Calver</h1>
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<hw>Cal"ver</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To bear, or be susceptible of, being calvered; <as>as, grayling's flesh will <ex>calver</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Catton.</i>

<h1>Calvessnout</h1>
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<hw>Calves"*snout</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Snapdragon.</def>

<h1>Calvinism</h1>
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<hw>Cal"vin*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Calvinisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The theological tenets or doctrines of John Calvin (a French theologian and reformer of the 16th century) and his followers, or of the so-called calvinistic churches.</def>

<note>&hand; The distinguishing doctrines of this system, usually termed the <i>five points of Calvinism</i>, are original sin or total depravity, election or predestination, particular redemption, effectual calling, and the perseverance of the saints. It has been subject to many variations and modifications in different churches and at various times.</note>

<h1>Calvinist</h1>
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<hw>Cal"vin*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Calviniste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A follower of Calvin; a believer in Calvinism.</def>

<h1>Calvinistic, Calvinistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cal`vin*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cal`vin*is"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Calvin, or Calvinism; following Calvin; accepting or Teaching Calvinism.</def> "<i>Calvinistic</i> training."

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Calvinize</h1>
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<hw>Cal"vin*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To convert to Calvinism.</def>

<h1>Calvish</h1>
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<hw>Calv"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a calf; stupid.</def>

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<h1>Calx</h1>
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<hw>Calx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Calxes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Calces</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>Calx</ets>, <ets>calcis</ets>. limestone; cf. Gr. <?/ gravel. <?/, <?/, pebble, Skr. <?/ gravel, Ir. <ets>carraic</ets> rock Gael. <ets>carraig</ets>, W. <ets>careg</ets>, stone. Cf. <er>Chalk</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Quicklime.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The substance which remains when a metal or mineral has been subjected to calcination or combustion by heat, and which is, or may be, reduced to a fine powder.</def>

<note>&hand; Metallic calxes are now called <i>oxides</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Broken and refuse glass, returned to the post.</def>

<h1>Calycifloral, callyciflorous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ca*lyc`i*flo"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>cal*lyc`i*flo"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calyx</ets>, <ets>-ycis</ets>, calyx + <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the petals and stamens adnate to the calyx; -- applied to a subclass of dicotyledonous plants in the system of the French botanist Candolle.</def>

<h1>Calyciform</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lyc"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calyx</ets>, <ets>calycis</ets>, calyx + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the form or appearance of a calyx.</def>

<h1>Calycinal, Calycine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ca*lyc"i*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cal"y*cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a calyx; having the nature of a calyx.</def>

<h1>Calycle</h1>
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<hw>Cal"y*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>calyculus</ets> small flower bud, calyx, dim. of <ets>calyx</ets>. See <er>Calyx</er>, and cf. <er>Calicle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A row of small bracts, at the base of the calyx, on the outside.</def>

<h1>Calycled</h1>
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<hw>Cal"y*cled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Calyculate.</def>

<h1>Calycozoa</h1>
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<hw>Cal`y*co*zo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, cup or calyx a flower + <?/ animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of acalephs of which <i>Lucernaria</i> is the type. The body is cup-shaped with eight marginal lobes bearing clavate tentacles. An aboral sucker serves for attachment. The interior is divided into four large compartments. See <er>Lucernarida</er>.</def>

<h1>Calycular</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lyc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the bracts of a calycle.</def>

<h1>Calyculate, Calyculated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ca*lyc"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ca*lyc"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a set of bracts resembling a calyx.</def>

<h1>Calymene</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lym"e*ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. (<?/) concealed, p. p. of <?/ to conceal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of trilobites characteristic of the Silurian age.</def>

<h1>Calyon</h1>
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<hw>Cal"yon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Flint or pebble stone, used in building walls, etc.</def>

<i>Haliwell.</i>

<h1>Calypso</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lyp"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The Latinized Greek name of a beautiful nymph.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small and beautiful species of orchid, having a flower variegated with purple, pink, and yellow. It grows in cold and wet localities in the northern part of the United States. The <spn>Calypso borealis</spn> is the only orchid which reaches 68&deg; N.</def>

<h1>Calyptra</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lyp"tra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a covering for the head, fr. <?/ to cover.]</ety>  <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A little hood or veil, resembling an extinguisher in form and position, covering each of the small flaskike capsules which contain the spores of mosses; also, any similar covering body.</def>

<h1>Calyptriform</h1>
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<hw>Ca*lyp"tri*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Calyptra</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form a calyptra, or extinguisher.</def>

<h1>Calyx</h1>
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<hw>Ca"lyx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Calyxes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Calyces</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>calyx</ets>, <ets>-ycis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ husk, shell, calyx, from the root of <?/ to cover, conceal. Cf. <er>Chalice Helmet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The covering of a flower. See <er>Flower</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>calyx</i> is usually green and foliaceous, but becomes delicate and petaloid in such flowers as the anemone and the four-o'clock. Each leaf of the calyx is called a <i>sepal</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A cuplike division of the pelvis of the kidney, which surrounds one or more of the renal papil\'91.</def>

<h1>Calzoons</h1>
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<hw>Cal*zoons"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cale\'87ons</ets> (cf. It. <ets>calzoni</ets> breeches), fr. L. <ets>calceus</ets> shoe.]</ety> <def>Drawers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cam</h1>
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<hw>Cam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dan. <ets>kam</ets> comb, ridge; or cf. W. Gael., and Ir., <ets>cam</ets> bet. See 1st <er>Come</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A turning or sliding piece which, by the shape of its periphery or face, or a groove in its surface, imparts variable or intermittent motion to, or receives such motion from, a rod, lever, or block brought into sliding or rolling contact with it</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A curved wedge, movable about an axis, used for forcing or clamping two pieces together.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A projecting part of a wheel or other moving piece so shaped as to give alternate or variable motion to another piece against which its acts.</def>

<hr>
<page="207">
Page 207<p>

<note>&hand; <i>Cams</i> are much used in machinery involving complicated, and irregular movements, as in the sewing machine, pin machine, etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A ridge or mound of earth.</def> <mark>[Prow. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<cs><col>Cam wheel</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a wheel with one or more projections (cams) or depressions upon its periphery or upon its face; one which is set or shaped eccentrically, so that its revolutions impart a varied, reciprocating, or intermittent motion.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cam</h1>
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<hw>Cam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Kam</er>.]</ety> <def>Crooked.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Camaieu</h1>
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<hw>Ca*ma"ieu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.; of unknown origin. Cf. <er>Cameo</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cameo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Painting in shades of one color; monochrome.</def>

<i>Mollett.</i>

<h1>Camail</h1>
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<hw>Ca*mail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>camail</ets> (cf. It. <ets>camaglio</ets>), fr. L. <ets>caput</ets> head + source of E. <ets>mail</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Ancient Armor)</fld> <def>A neck guard of chain mall, hanging from the bascinet or other headpiece.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hood of other material than mail; esp. <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, a hood worn in church services, -- the amice, or the like.</def>

<h1>Camarasaurus</h1>
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<hw>Cam`a*ra*sau"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. fr. Gr. <?/ a vaulted chamber + <?/ lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of gigantic American Jurassic dinosaurs, having large cavities in the bodies of the dorsal vertebr\'91.</def>

<h1>Camarilla</h1>
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<hw>Ca`ma*ril"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., a small room.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The private audience chamber of a king.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A company of secret and irresponsible advisers, as of a king; a cabal or clique.</def>

<h1>Camass</h1>
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<hw>Cam"ass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[American Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A blue-flowered liliaceous plant (<spn>Camassia esculenta</spn>) of northwestern America, the bulbs of which are collected for food by the Indians.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>camas</asp>, <asp>cammas</asp>, and <asp>quamash</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; The <i>Eastern cammass</i> is <i>Camassia Fraseri</i>.</note>

<h1>Camber</h1>
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<hw>Cam"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of. <ets>cambre</ets> bent, curved; akin to F. <ets>cambrer</ets> to vault, to bend, fr. L. <ets>camerare</ets> to arch over, fr. <ets>camera</ets> vault, arch. See <er>Chamber</er>, and cf. <er>Camerate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>An upward convexity of a deck or other surface; <as>as, she has a high <ex>camber</ex> (said of a vessel having an unusual convexity of deck)</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An upward concavity in the under side of a beam, girder, or lintel; also, a slight upward concavity in a straight arch. See <er>Hogback</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Camber arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an arch whose intrados, though apparently straight, has a slightly concave curve upward.</cd> -- <col>Camber beam</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a beam whose under side has a concave curve upward.</cd></cs>

<h1>Camber</h1>
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<hw>Cam"ber</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cambered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cambering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cut bend to an upward curve; to construct, as a deck, with an upward curve.</def>

<h1>Camber</h1>
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<hw>Cam"ber</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To curve upward.</def>

<h1>Camberkeeled</h1>
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<hw>Cam"ber*keeled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Having the keel arched upwards, but not actually hogged; -- said of a ship.</def>

<h1>Cambial</h1>
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<hw>Cam"bi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>cambialis</ets>, fr. <ets>cambiars</ets>. See <er>Change</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to exchanges in commerce; of exchange.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cambist</h1>
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<hw>Cam"bist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cambiste</ets>, It. <ets>cambista</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cambire</ets> to exchange. See <er>Change</er>.]</ety> <def>A banker; a money changer or broker; one who deals in bills of exchange, or who is skilled in the science of exchange.</def>

<h1>Cambistry</h1>
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<hw>Cam"bist*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of exchange, weight, measures, etc.</def>

<h1>Cambium</h1>
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<hw>Cam"bi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>cambium</ets> exchange, fr. L. <ets>cambire</ets> to exchange. It was supposed that cambium was sap changing into wood.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A series of formative cells lying outside of the wood proper and inside of the inner bark. The growth of new wood takes place in the cambium, which is very soft.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A fancied nutritive juice, formerly supposed to orgiginate in the blood, to repair losses of the system, and to promote its increase.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Camblet</h1>
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<hw>Cam"blet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Camlet</er>.</def>

<h1>Camboge</h1>
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<hw>Cam*boge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gamboge</er>.</def>

<h1>Camboose</h1>
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<hw>Cam*boose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Caboose</er>.</def>

<h1>Cambrasine</h1>
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<hw>Cam"bra*sine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of linen cloth made in Egypt, and so named from its resemblance to cambric.</def>

<h1>Cambrel</h1>
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<hw>Cam"brel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gambrel</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Cambria</h1>
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<hw>Cam"bri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The ancient Latin name of Wales. It is used by modern poets.</def>

<h1>Cambrian</h1>
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<hw>Cam"bri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to Cambria or Wales.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the lowest subdivision of the rocks of the Silurian or Molluscan age; -- sometimes described as inferior to the Silurian. It is named from its development in <i>Cambria</i> or Wales. See the Diagram under <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Cambrian</h1>
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<hw>Cam"bri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native of Cambria or Wales.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The Cambrian formation.</def>

<h1>Cambric</h1>
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<hw>Cam"bric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>camerike</ets>, fr. <ets>Cambrai</ets> (Flemish <ets>Kamerik</ets>), a city of France (formerly of Flanders), where it was first made.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fine, thin, and white fabric made of flax or linen.</def>

<blockquote>He hath ribbons of all the colors i' the rainbow; . . . inkles, caddises, <b>cambrics</b>, lawns.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fabric made, in imitation of linen cambric, of fine, hardspun cotton, often with figures of various colors; -- also called <altname>cotton cambric</altname>, and <altname>cambric muslin</altname>.</def>

<h1>CambroBriton</h1>
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<hw>Cam"bro*Brit"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Welshman.</def>

<h1>Came</h1>
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<hw>Came</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Come</er>.</def>

<h1>Came</h1>
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<hw>Came</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Scot. <ets>came</ets>, <ets>caim</ets>, comb, and OE. <ets>camet</ets> silver.]</ety> <def>A slender rod of cast lead, with or without grooves, used, in casements and stained-glass windows, to hold together the panes or pieces of glass.</def>

<h1>Camel</h1>
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<hw>Cam"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Oe. <ets>camel</ets>, <ets>chamel</ets>, OF. <ets>camel</ets>, <ets>chamel</ets>, F. <ets>chameau</ets> L. <ets>camelus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. <ets>g\'bem\'bel</ets>, Ar. <ets>jamal</ets>. Cf. As. <ets>camel</ets>, fr. L. <ets>camelus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large ruminant used in Asia and Africa for carrying burdens and for riding. The camel is remarkable for its ability to go a long time without drinking. Its hoofs are small, and situated at the extremities of the toes, and the weight of the animal rests on the callous. The dromedary (<spn>Camelus dromedarius</spn>) has one bunch on the back, while the Bactrian camel (<spn>C. Bactrianus</spn>) has two. The llama, alpaca, and vicu\'a4a, of South America, belong to a related genus (<spn>Auchenia</spn>).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A watertight structure (as a large box or boxes) used to assist a vessel in passing over a shoal or bar or in navigating shallow water. By admitting water, the camel or camels may be sunk and attached beneath or at the sides of a vessel, and when the water is pumped out the vessel is lifted.</def>

<cs><col>Camel bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the ostrich.</cd> -- <col>Camel locust</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the mantis.</cd> -- <col>Camel's thorn</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a low, leguminous shrub (<spn>Alhagi maurorum</spn>) of the Arabian desert, from which exudes a sweetish gum, which is one of the substances called <i>manna<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Camelbacked</h1>
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<hw>Cam"el*backed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a back like a camel; humpbacked.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Cameleon</h1>
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<hw>Ca*me"le*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Chaceleon</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Camellia</h1>
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<hw>Ca*mel"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.; -- named after <ets>Kamel</ets>, a Jesuit who is said to have brought it from the East.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An Asiatic genus of small shrubs, often with shining leaves and showy flowers. <i>Camelia Japonica</i> is much cultivated for ornament, and <i>C</i>. <i>Sassanqua</i> and <i>C</i>. <i>Oleifera</i> are grown in China for the oil which is pressed from their seeds. The tea plant is now referred to this genus under the name of <i>Camellia Thea</i>.</def>

<h1>Camelopard</h1>
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<hw>Ca*mel"o*pard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>camelopardus</ets>, L. <ets>camelopardalus</ets>, <ets>camelopardalis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ a camel + <?/ pard, leopard: cf. F. <ets>cam\'82lopard</ets>. The camelopard has a neck and head like a camel, and is spotted like a pard. See <er>Camel</er>, and <er>Pard</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African ruminant; the giraffe. See <er>Giraffe</er>.</def>

<h1>Camelot</h1>
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<hw>Came"lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Camelet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Camelshair</h1>
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<hw>Cam"els*hair`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of camel's hair.</def>

<cs><col>Camel's-hair pencil</col>, <cd>a small brush used by painters in water colors, made of camel's hair or similar materials.</cd> -- <col>Camel's-hair shawl</col>. <cd>A name often given to a <altname>cashmere shawl</altname>. See <cref>Cashmere shawl</cref> under <er>Cashmere</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cameo</h1>
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<hw>Cam"e*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cameos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[It <ets>cammeo</ets>; akin to F. <ets>cam\'82e</ets>, <ets>cama\'8beu</ets>, Sp. <ets>camafeo</ets>, LL. <ets>camaeus</ets>, <ets>camahutus</ets>; of unknown origin.]</ety> <def>A carving in relief, esp. one on a small scale used as a jewel for personal adornment, or like.</def>

<note>&hand; Most cameos are carved in a material which has layers of different colors, such stones as the onyx and sardonyx, and various kinds of shells, being used.</note>

<cs><col>Cameo conch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, marine, univalve shell, esp. <spn>Cassis cameo</spn>, <spn>C. rua</spn>, and allied species, used for cutting cameos. See <er>Quern conch</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Camera</h1>
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<hw>Cam"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Cameras</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Camerae</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. vault, arch, LL., chamber. See <er>Chamber</er>.]</ety> <def>A chamber, or instrument having a chamber.  Specifically: The <i>camera obscura</i> when used in photography. See <er>Camera</er>, and <er>Camera obscura</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Bellows camera</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bellows</er>.</cd> -- <col>In camera</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>in a judge's chamber, that is, privately; <as>as, a judge hears testimony which is not fit for the open court <ex>in camera<ex></as>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Panoramic</col>, &or; <col>Pantascopic</col>, <col>camera</col></mcol>, <cd>a photographic camera in which the lens and sensitized plate revolve so as to expose adjacent parts of the plate successively to the light, which reaches it through a narrow vertical slit; -- used in photographing broad landscapes.</cd></cs>

<i>Abney.</i>

<h1>Camerade</h1>
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<hw>Came"rade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Comrade</er>,</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cameralistic</h1>
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<hw>Cam`e*ra*lis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to finance and public revenue.</def>

<h1>Cameralistics</h1>
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<hw>Cam`e*ra*lis"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cam\'82ralistique</ets>, G. <ets>kameralistik</ets>, fr. L. <ets>camera</ets> vault, LL., chamber, treasury.]</ety> <def>The science of finance or public revenue.</def>

<h1>Camera lucida</h1>
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<hw>Cam"e*ra lu"ci*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>camera</ets> chamber + L. <ets>lucidus</ets>, <ets>lucida</ets>, lucid, light.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>An instrument which by means of a prism of a peculiar form, or an arrangement of mirrors, causes an apparent image of an external object or objects to appear as if projected upon a plane surface, as of paper or canvas, so that the outlines may conveniently traced. It is generally used with the microscope.</def>

<h1>Camera obscura</h1>
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<hw>Cam"e*ra ob*scu"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[LL. <ets>camera</ets> chamber + L. <ets>obscurus</ets>, <ets>obscura</ets>, dark.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An apparatus in which the images of extermal objects, formed by a convex lens or a concave mirror, are thrown on a paper or other white surface placed in the focus of the lens or mirror within a darkened chamber, or box, so that the oulines may be traced.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>An apparatus in which the image of an external object or objects is, by means of lenses. thrown upon a sensitized plate or surface placed at the back or an extensible darkened box or chamber variously modifled; -- commonly called simply <i>the camera</i>.</def>

<h1>Camerate</h1>
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<hw>Cam"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Camerated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Camerzting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>cameratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>camerare</ets>. See <er>Camber</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To build in the form of a vault; to arch over.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To divide into chambers.</def>

<h1>Cameration</h1>
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<hw>Cam`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cameratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A vaulting or arching over.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Camerlingo</h1>
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<hw>Ca`mer*lin"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>The papal chamberlain; the cardinal who presides over the pope's household. He has at times possessed great power.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>camerlengo</asp> and <asp>camarlengo</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cameronian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cam`e*ro"ni*an</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A follower of the Rev. Richard <i>Cameron</i>, a Scotch Covenanter of the time of Charies II.</def>

<blockquote>\'b5 Cameron and others refused to accept the "indulgence" offered the Presbyterian clergy, insisted on the Solemn league and Covenant, and in 1680 declared Charles II deposed for tyranny, breach of faith, etc. Cameron was killed at the battle of Airdmoss, but his followers became a denomination (afterwards called Reformed Presbyterians) who refused to recognize laws or institutions which they believed contrary to the kingdom of Christ, but who now avail themselves of political rights.

<h1>Camis</h1>
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<hw>Cam"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chemise</er>.]</ety> <def>A light, loose dress or robe.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>camus</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All in a <b>camis</b> light of purple silk.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Camisade, Camisado</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cam`i*sade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cam`i*sa"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>camisade</ets> a night attack; cf. It. <ets>camiciata</ets>. See <er>Camis</er>.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A shirt worn by soldiers over their uniform, in order to be able to recognize one another in a night attack.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An attack by surprise by soldiers wearing the camisado.</def>

<blockquote>Give them a <b>camisado</b> in night season.
<i>Holinshed.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Camisard</h1>
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<hw>Cam"i*sard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>One of the French Protestant insurgents who rebelled against Louis XIV, after the revocation of the edict of Nates; -- so called from the peasant's smock (<i>camise</i>) which they wore.</def>

<h1>Camisated</h1>
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<hw>Cam"i*sa`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dressed with a shirt over the other garments.</def>

<h1>Camisole</h1>
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<hw>Cam"i*sole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>chemise</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A short dressing jacket for women.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of straitjacket.</def>

<h1>Camlet</h1>
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<hw>Cam"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>camelot</ets> (akin to Sp. <ets>camelote</ets>, <ets>chamelote</ets>, It. <ets>cambellbito</ets>, <ets>ciambellotto</ets>, LL. <ets>camelotum</ets>, <ets>camelinum</ets>, fr. Ar. <i>khamlat</i> camlet, fr. <i>kaml</i> pile, plush. The word was early confused with <i>camel</i>, camel's hair also being used in making it. Cf. <er>Calamanco</er>]</ety> <def>A woven fabric originally made of camel's hair, now chiefly of goat's hair and silk, or of wool and cotton.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes written <asp>camelot</asp> and <asp>camblet</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; They have been made plain and twilled, of sigle warp and weft, of double warp, and sometimes with double weft also, with thicker yarn.</note>

<i>Beck (Draper's Dict. )</i>

<h1>Camleted</h1>
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<hw>Cam"let*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wavy or undulating like camlet; veined.</def>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Cammas</h1>
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<hw>Cam"mas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Camass</er>.</def>

<h1>Cammock</h1>
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<hw>Cam"mock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cammoc</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant having long hard, crooked roots, the <spn>Ononis spinosa</spn>; -- called also <altname>rest-harrow</altname>. The <spn>Scandix Pecten-Veneris</spn> is also called <ex>cammock</ex>.</def>

<h1>Camomile, Chamomile</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cam"o*mile</hw>, <hw>Cham"o*mile</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[LL. <ets>camonilla</ets>, corrupted fr. Gr. <?/, lit. earth apple, being so called from the smell of its flower. See <er>Humble</er>, and <er>Melon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbs (<spn>Anthemis</spn>) of the Composite family. The common camomile, <spn>A. nobilis</spn>, is used as a popular remedy. Its flowers have a strong and fragrant and a bitter, aromatic taste. They are tonic, febrifugal, and in large doses emetic, and the volatile oil is carminative.</def>

<h1>Camonflet</h1>
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<hw>Ca*mon"flet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A small mine, sometimes formed in the wall or side of an enemy's gallery, to blow in the earth and cut off the retreat of the miners.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Camous, Camoys</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ca"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ca"moys</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>camus</ets> (equiv. to <ets>camard</ets>) flat-nosed, fr. Celtic <ets>Cam</ets> croked + suff. <ets>-us</ets>; akin to L. <ets>camur</ets>, <ets>camurus</ets>, croked.]</ety> <def>Flat; depressed; crooked; -- said only of the nose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Camoused</h1>
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<hw>Ca"moused</hw>, <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Camouse</er>]</ety> <def>Depressed; flattened.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Though my nose be <b>cammoused</b>.
<i>B. Jonson</i></blockquote>

<h1>Camously</h1>
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<hw>Ca"mous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Awry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Camp</h1>
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<hw>Camp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>camp</ets>, It. <ets>campo</ets>, fr. L. <ets>campus</ets> plant, fleld; akin to Gr. <?/ garden. Cf. <er>Campaing</er>, <er>Champ</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The ground or spot on which tents, huts, etc., are erected for shelter, as for an army or for lumbermen, etc.</def>

<i>Shzk.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collection of tents, huts, etc., for shelter, commonly arranged in an orderly manner.</def>

<blockquote>Forming a <b>camp</b> in the neighborhood of Boston.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A single hut or shelter; <as>as, a hunter's <ex>camp</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The company or body of persons encamped, as of soldiers, of surveyors, of lumbermen, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>camp</b> broke up with the confusion of a flight.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>A mound of earth in which potatoes and other vegetables are stored for protection against frost; -- called also <altname>burrow</altname> and <altname>pie</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <ety>[Cf. OE. & AS. <ets>camp</ets> contest, battle. See <er>champion</er>.]</ety> <def>An ancient game of football, played in some parts of England.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<cs><col>Camp bedstead</col>, <cd>a light bedstead that can be folded up onto a small space for easy transportation.</cd> -- <col>camp ceiling</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a kind ceiling often used in attics or garrets, in which the side walls are inclined inward at the top, following the slope of the rafters, to meet the plane surface of the upper ceiling.</cd> -- <col>Camp chair</col>, <cd>a light chair that can be folded up compactly for easy transportation; the seat and back are often made of strips or pieces of carpet.</cd> -- <col>Camp fever</col>, <cd>typhus fever.</cd> -- <col>Camp follower</col>, <cd>a civilian accompanying an army, as a sutler, servant, etc.</cd> -- <col>Camp meeting</col>, <cd>a religious gathering for open-air preaching, held in some retired spot, chiefty by Methodists. It usualy last for several days, during which those present lodge in tents, temporary houses, or cottages.</cd> -- <col>Camp stool</col>, <cd>the same as <cref>camp chair</cref>, except that the stool has no back.</cd> -- <col>Flying camp</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a camp or body of troops formed for rapid motion from one place to another. </cd> <i>Farrow</i>. -- <col>To pitch (a) camp</col>, <cd>to set up the tents or huts of a camp.</cd> -- <col>To strike camp</col>, <cd>to take down the tents or huts of a camp.</cd></cs>

<h1>Camp</h1>
<Xpage=207>

<hw>Camp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Camped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb n.</tt> <er>Camping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To afford rest or lodging for, as an army or travelers.</def>

<blockquote>Had our great palace the capacity
To <b>camp</b> this host, we all would sup together.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="208">
Page 208<p>\'3e

<h1>Camp</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Camp</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pitch or prepare a camp; to encamp; to lodge in a camp; -- often with <i>out</i>.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>camped</b> out at night, under the stars.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[See <er>Camp</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 6]</ety> <def>To play the game called camp.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Campagna</h1>
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<hw>Cam*pa"gna</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Campaing</er>.]</ety> <def>An open level tract of country; especially "<i>Campagna</i> di Roma." The extensive undulating plain which surrounds Rome.</def>

<note>&hand; Its length is commonly stated to be about ninety miles, and its breadth from twenty-seven to forty miles. The ground is almost entirely volcanic, and vapors which arise from the district produce malaria.</note>

<h1>Campagnol</h1>
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<hw>Cam`pa`gnol"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. , fr. <ets>campagne</ets> field.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mouse (<spn>Arvicala agrestis</spn>), called also <altname>meadow mouse</altname>, which often does great damage in fields and gardens, by feeding on roots and seeds.</def>

<h1>Campaign</h1>
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<hw>Cam*paign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>campagne</ets>, It. <ets>campagna</ets>, fr. L. <ets>Campania</ets> the level country about Naples, fr. <ets>campus</ets> field. See <er>Camp</er>, and cf. <er>Champaign</er>, <er>Champagne</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An open field; a large, open plain without considerable hills. See<er>Champaign</er>.</def>

<i>Grath.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A connected series of military operations forming a distinct stage in a war; the time during which an army keeps the field.</def>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Political operations preceding an election; a canvass.</def> <mark>[Cant, U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The period during which a blast furnace is continuously in operation.</def>

<h1>Campaign</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Cam*paign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To serve in a campaign.</def>

<h1>Campaigner</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Cam*paign"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who has served in an army in several campaigns; an old soldier; a veteran.</def>

<h1>Campana</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Cam*pa"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>campana</ets> bell. Cf. <er>Campanle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A church bell.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pasque flower.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Doric Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Gutta</er>.</def>

<h1>Campaned</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Cam*paned"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Furnished with, or bearing, campanes, or bells.</def>

<h1>Campanero</h1>
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<hw>Cam`pa*ne"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., a bellman.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bellbird of South America. See <er>Bellbird</er>.</def>

<h1>Campanes</h1>
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<hw>Cam*panes"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <ets>Campana</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Bells.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Campania</h1>
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<hw>Cam*pa"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Campaig</er>.]</ety> <def>Open country.</def>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Campaniform</h1>
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<hw>Cam*pan"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>campana</ets> bell + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>companiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bell-shaped.</def>

<h1>Campanile</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Cam`pa*ni"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>campanile</ets> bell tower, steeple, fr. It. & LL. <ets>campana</ets> bell.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A bell tower, esp. one built separate from a church.</def>

<blockquote>Many of the <b>campaniles</b> od Italy are lofty and magnificent atructures.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Campaniliform</h1>
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<hw>Cam`pa*nil"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Campaniform</er>.]</ety> <def>Bell-shaped; campanulate; campaniform.</def>

<h1>Campanologist</h1>
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<hw>Cam`pa*nol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in campanology; a bell ringer.</def>

<h1>Campanology</h1>
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<hw>Cam`pa*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>campana</ets> bell _ <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of ringing bells, or a treatise on the art.</def>

<h1>Campanula</h1>
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<hw>Cam*pan"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>campanula</ets> a little bell; dim. of <ets>campana bell</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large genus of plants bearing bell-shaped flowers, often of great beauty; -- also called <altname>bellflower</altname>.</def>

<h1>Campanulaceous</h1>
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<hw>Cam*pan`u*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants (<spn>Camponulace\'91</spn>) of which Campanula is the type, and which includes the Canterbury bell, the harebell, and the Venus's looking-glass.</def>

<h1>Campanularian</h1>
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<hw>Cam*pan`u*la"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>campanula</ets> a bell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hydroid of the family <spn>ampanularid\'91</spn>, characterized by having the polyps or zooids inclosed in bell-shaped calicles or hydrothec\'91.</def>

<h1>Campanulate</h1>
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<hw>Cam*pan"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bell-shaped.</def>

<h1>Campbellite</h1>
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<hw>Camp"bell*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Alexander <ets>Campbell</ets>, of Virginia.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A member of the denomination called Christians or Disciples of Christ. They themselves repudiate the term <i>Campbellite</i> as a nickname. See <er>Christian</er>, <er>3</er>.</def>

<h1>Campeachy Wood</h1>
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<hw>Cam*peach"y Wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From the bay of <ets>Campeachy</ets>, in Mexico.]</ety> <def>Logwood.</def>

<h1>Camper</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Camp"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lodges temporarily in a hut or camp.</def>

<h1>Campestral, Campestrian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cam*pes"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cam*pes"tri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>campester</ets>, fr. <ets>campus</ets> field.]</ety> <def>Relating to an open fields; drowing in a field; growing in a field, or open ground.</def>

<h1>Camptight</h1>
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<hw>Camp"tight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Camp</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 6.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law.)</fld> <def>A duel; the decision of a case by a duel.</def>

<h1>Camphene</h1>
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<hw>Cam"phene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of substances <chform>C10H16</chform>, resembling camphor, regarded as modified terpenes.</def>

<h1>Camphine</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Cam*phine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Camphor</er>.]</ety> <def>Rectified oil of turpentine, used for burning in lamps, and as a common solvent in varnishes.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also applied to a mixture of this substance with three times its volume of alcohol and sometimes a little ether, used as an illuminant.</note>

<h1>Camphire</h1>
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<hw>Cam"phire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An old spelling of <er>Camphor</er>.</def>

<h1>Camphogen</h1>
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<hw>Cam"pho*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Camphor</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>: -- formerly so called as derived from camphor: cf. F. <ets>camphog\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cymene</er>.</def>

<h1>Camphol</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Cam"phol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Camphol</ets> + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Borneol</er>.</def>

<h1>Camphor</h1>
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<hw>Cam"phor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>camfere</ets>, F. <ets>camphre</ets> (cf. It. <ets>camfara</ets>, Sp. <ets>camfara</ets>, <ets>alcanfor</ets>, LL. <ets>camfora</ets>, <ets>camphara</ets>, NGr. <?/), fr. Ar. <ets>k\'bef\'d4r</ets>, prob. fr. Skr. <ets>karp\'d4ra</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tough, white, aromatic resin, or gum, obtained from different species of the <spn>Laurus</spn> family, esp. from <spn>Cinnamomum camphara</spn> (the <spn>Laurus camphara</spn> of Linn\'91us.). Camphor, <chform>C10H16O</chform>, is volatile and fragrant, and is used in medicine as a diaphoretic, a stimulant, or sedative.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gum resembing ordinary camphor, obtained from a tree (<spn>Dryobalanops camphora</spn>) growing in Sumatra and Borneo; -- called also <altname>Malay camphor</altname>, <altname>camphor of Borneo</altname>, or <altname>borneol</altname>. See <er>Borneol</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The name <i>camphor</i> is also applied to a number of bodies of similar appearance and properties, as <stype>cedar camphor</stype>, obtained from the red or pencil cedar (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>), and <stype>peppermint camphor</stype>, or <i>menthol</i>, obtained from the oil of peppermint.</note>

<cs><col>Camphor oil</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>name variously given to certain oil-like products, obtained especially from the camphor tree.</cd> -- <col>Camphor tree</col>, <cd>a large evergreen tree (<spn>Cinnamomum Camphora</spn>) with lax, smooth branches and shining triple-nerved lanceolate leaves, probably native in China, but now cultivated in most warm countries. Camphor is collected by a process of steaming the chips of the wood and subliming the product.</cd></cs>

<h1>Camphor</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Cam"phor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To impregnate or wash with camphor; to camphorate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tatler.</i>

<h1>Camphoraceous</h1>
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<hw>Cam`pho*ra"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of camphor; containing camphor.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Camphorate</h1>
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<hw>Cam"phor*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To impregnate or treat with camphor.</def>

<h1>Camphorate</h1>
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<hw>Cam"phor*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>camphorate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of camphoric acid.</def>

<h1>Camphorate, Camporated</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw><hw>Cam"phor*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cam"por*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw><def>Combined or impregnated with camphor.</def>

<cs><col>Camphorated oil</col>, <cd>an oleaginous preparation containing camphor, much used as an embrocation.</cd></cs>

<h1>Camphoric</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Cam*phor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>camphorique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, camphor.</def>

<cs><col>Camphoric acid</col>, <cd>a white crystallizable substance, <chform>C10H16O4</chform>, obtained from the oxidation of camphor.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; Other acid of camphor are <i>campholic acid</i>, <chform>C10H18O2</chform>, and <i>camphoronic acid</i>, <chform>C9H12O5</chform>, white crystallizable substances.</note>

<h1>Camphretic</h1>
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<hw>Cam*phret"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[rom <er>Camphor</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from camphor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Camping</h1>
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<hw>Camp"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lodging in a camp.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[See <er>Camp</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 6]</ety> <def>A game of football.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Campion</h1>
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<hw>Cam"pi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. L. <ets>campus</ets> field.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the Pink family (<spn>Cucubalus bacciferus</spn>), bearing berries regarded as poisonous.</def>

<cs><col>Bladder campion</col>, <cd>a plant of the Pink family (<spn>Cucubalus Behen</spn> or <spn>Silene inflata</spn>), having a much inflated calyx. See <er>Behen</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rose campion</col>, <cd>a garden plant (<spn>Lychnis coronaria</spn>) with handsome crimsome crimson flowers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Campus</h1>
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<hw>Cam"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a field.]</ety> <def>The principal grounds of a college or school, between the buildings or within the main inclosure; <as>as, the college <ex>campus</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Campylospermous</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Cam`py*lo*sper"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ curved + <?/ seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having seeds grooved lengthwise on the inner face, as in sweet cicely.</def>

<h1>Campylotropous</h1>
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<hw>Cam`py*lot"ro*pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ curved + <?/ a turning.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the ovules and seeds so curved, or bent down upon themselves, that the ends of the embryo are brought close together.</def>

<h1>Camus</h1>
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<hw>Cam"us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Camis</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Camwood</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Cam"wood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Barwood</er>.</def>

<h1>Can</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def>an <i>obs</i>. form of <ets>began</ets>, imp. & p. p. of <er>Begin</er>, sometimes used in old poetry. <note>[See <er>Gan</er>.]</note></def>

<blockquote>With gentle words he <b>can</b> faile gree.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Can</h1>
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<hw>Can</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. & AS. <ets>canne</ets>; akin to D. <ets>Kan</ets>, G. <ets>Kanne</ets>, OHG. <ets>channa</ets>, Sw. <ets>Kanna</ets>, Dan. <ets>kande</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A drinking cup; a vessel for holding liquids.</def>

<i>[Shak. ]</i>

<blockquote>Fill the cup and fill <b>can</b>,
Have a rouse before the morn.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vessel or case of tinned iron or of sheet metal, of various forms, but usually cylindrical; <as>as, a <ex>can</ex> of tomatoes; an oil <ex>can</ex>; a milk <ex>can</ex>.</as></def>

<note>&hand; A <i>can</i> may be a cylinder open at the top, as for receiving the sliver from a carding machine, or with a removable cover or stopper, as for holding tea, spices, milk, oysters, etc., or with handle and spout, as for holding oil, or hermetically sealed, in canning meats, fruits, etc. The name is also sometimes given to the small glass or earthenware jar used in canning.</note>

<h1>Can</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Canned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. &vb. n.</tt> <er>Canning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To preserve by putting in sealed cans</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> "<i>Canned</i> meats"

<i>W. D. Howells.</i>

<cs><col>Canned goods</col>, <cd>a general name for fruit, vegetables, meat, or fish, preserved in hermetically sealed cans.</cd></cs>

<h1>Can</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <note>[The transitive use is obsolete.]</note> <wordforms>[<tt>imp</tt>. <er>Could</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cunnen</ets>, <ets>cannen</ets> (1st sing. pres. <ets>I can</ets>), to know, know how, be able, AS. <ets>cunnan</ets>, 1st sing. pres. <ets>ic cann</ets> or <ets>can</ets>, pl. <ets>cunnon</ets>, 1st sing. imp. <ets>c\'d4\'ebe</ets> (for <ets>cun\'ebe</ets>); p. p. <ets>c\'d4\'eb</ets> (for <ets>cun\'eb</ets>); akin to OS. <ets>Kunnan</ets>, D. <ets>Kunnen</ets>, OHG. <ets>chunnan</ets>, G. <ets>k\'94nnen</ets>, Icel. <ets>kunna</ets>, Goth. <ets>Kunnan</ets>, and E. <ets>ken</ets> to know. The present tense <ets>I can</ets> (AS. <ets>ic cann</ets>) was originally a preterit, meaning <ets>I have known</ets> or <ets>Learned</ets>, and hence <ets>I know</ets>, <ets>know how</ets>. \'fb45. See <er>Ken</er>, <er>Know</er>; cf. <er>Con</er>, <er>Cunning</er>, <er>Uncouth</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To know; to understand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I <b>can</b> rimes of Rodin Hood.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>can</b> no Latin, quod she.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let the priest in surplice white,
That defunctive music <b>can</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be able to do; to have power or influence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The will of Him who all things <b>can</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For what, alas, <b>can</b> these my single arms?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>M\'91c\'91nas and Agrippa, who <b>can</b> most with C\'91sar.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be able; -- followed by an infinitive without <i>to</i>; <as>as, I <ex>can</ex> go, but do not wish to</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Can but</er>, <er>Can not but</er>. It is an error to use the former of these phrases where the sens requires the latter. If we say, "I <i>can but</i> perish if I go," "But" means <i>only</i>, and denotes that this is all or the worst that can happen. When the apostle Peter said. "We <i>can not but</i> speak of the things which we have seen and heard." he referred to a moral constraint or necessety which rested upon him and his associates; and the meaning was, We cannot help speaking, We cannot refrain from speaking. This idea of a moral necessity or constraint is of frequent occurrence, and is also expressed in the phrase, "I <i>can not</i> help it." Thus we say. "I <i>can not but</i> hope," "I <i>can not but</i> believe," "I <i>can not but</i> think," "I <i>can not but</i> remark," etc., in cases in which it would be an error to use the phrase <i>can but</i>.</syn>

<blockquote>Yet he <b>could not but</b> acknowledge to himself that there was something calculated to impress awe, . . . in the sudden appearances and vanishings . . . of the masque
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Tom felt that this was a rebuff for him, and <b>could not but</b> understand it as a left-handed hit at his employer.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Canaanite</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Ca"naan*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A descendant of Canaan, the son of Ham, and grandson of Noah.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Native or inbabitant of the land of Canaan, esp. a member of any of the tribes who inhabited Canaan at the time of the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt.</def>

<h1>Canaanite</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Ca"naan*ite</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From an Aramaic word signifying "zeal."]</ety> <def>A zealot.</def> "Simon the <i>Canaanite</i>."

<i>Matt. x. 4.</i>

<note>&hand; This was the "Simon called Zelotes" (<i>Luke vi. 15</i>), <it>i.e.</it>, Simon the zealot.</note>

<i>Kitto.</i>

<h1>Canaanitish</h1>
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<hw>Ca"naan*i`tish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Canaan or the Canaanites.</def>

<h1>Ca\'a4ada</h1>
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<hw>Ca*\'a4a"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A small ca\'a4on; a narrow valley or glen; also, but less frequently, an open valley.</def> <mark>[Local, Western U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Canada</h1>
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<hw>Can"a*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A British province in North America, giving its name to various plants and animals.</def>

<cs><col>Canada balsam</col>. <cd>See under <er>Balsam</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canada goose</col>. <cd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> See <er>Whisky Jack</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canada lynx</col>. <cd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> See <er>Lynx</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canada porcupine</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Porcupine</er>, and <er>Urson</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canada rice</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Rick</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canada robin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the cedar bird.</cd></cs>

<h1>Canadian</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Ca*na"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Canada.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Canada.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Canadian period</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>A subdivision of the American Lower Silurian system embracing the calciferous, Quebec, and Chazy epochs. This period immediately follows the primordial or Cambrian period, and is by many geologists regarded as the beginning of the Silurian age, See the Diagram, under <er>Geology</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Canaille</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Ca*naille"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>canaille</ets> (cf. It. <ets>canaglia</ets>), prop. and orig. a pack of dogs, fr. L. <ets>Canis</ets> dog.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The lowest class of people; the rabble; the vulgar.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Shorts or inferior flour.</def> <mark>[Canadian]</mark>

<h1>Canakin</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Can"a*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>can</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little can or cup.</def> "And let me the <i>canakin</i> clink."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Canal</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Ca*nal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>canal</ets>, from L. <ets>canalis</ets> canal, channel; prob. from a root signifying "to cut"; cf. D. <ets>kanaal</ets>, fr. the French. Cf. <er>Channel</er>, <er>Kennel</er> gutter.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An artificial channel filled with water and designed for navigation, or for irrigating land, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A tube or duct; <as>as, the alimentary <ex>canal</ex>; the semicircular <ex>canals</ex> of the ear.</as></def>

<cs><col>Canal boat</col>, <cd>a boat for use on a canal; esp. one of peculiar shape, carrying freight, and drawn by horses walking on the towpath beside the canal.</cd> <col>Canal lock</col>. <cd>See <er>Lock</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Canal coal</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Can"al coal`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Cannel coal</er>.</def>

<h1>Canaliculate, Canaliculated</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw><hw>Can`a*lic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Can`a*lic"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>canaliculatus</ets> channeled, fr. <ets>canaliculus</ets>, dim. of <ets>canalis</ets>. See <er>Canal</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a channel or groove, as in the leafstalks of most palms.</def>

<h1>Canaliculus</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Can`a*lic"u*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Canaliculi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A minute canal.</def>

<h1>Canalization</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Ca*nal`i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Construction of, or furnishing with, a canal or canals.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Canard</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Ca*nard"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., properly, a duck.]</ety> <def>An extravagant or absurd report or story; a fabricated sensational report or statement; esp. one set afloat in the newspapers to hoax the public.</def>

<h1>Canarese</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Can`a*rese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Canara, a district of British India.</def>

<h1>Canary</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Ca*na"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>Canarie</ets>, L. <ets>Canaria insula</ets> one of the Canary islands, said to be so called from its large dogs, fr. <ets>canis</ets> dog.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the Canary Islands; <as>as, <ex>canary</ex> wine; <ex>canary birds.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of a pale yellowish color; <as>as, <ex>Canary</ex> stone</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Canary grass</col>, <cd>a grass of the genus <spn>Phalaris</spn> (<spn>P. Canariensis</spn>), producing the seed used as food for canary birds.</cd> -- <col>Canary stone</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a yellow species of carnelian, named from its resemblance in color to the plumage of the canary bird.</cd> -- <col>Canary wood</col>, <cd>the beautiful wood of the trees <spn>Persea Indica</spn> and <spn>P. Canariensis</spn>, natives of Madeira and the Canary Islands.</cd> -- <col>Canary vine</col>. <cd>See <cref>Canary bird flower</cref>, under <er>Canary bird</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Canary</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Ca*na"ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Canaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wine made in the Canary Islands; sack.</def> "A cup of <i>canary</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A canary bird.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pale yellow color, like that of a canary bird.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A quick and lively dance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Make you dance <b>canary</b>
With sprightly fire and motion.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Canary</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Ca*na"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To perform the canary dance; to move nimbly; to caper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>But to jig of a tune at the tongue's end, <b>canary</b> to it with your feet.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Canary bird</h1>
<Xpage=208\'3e>

<hw>Ca*na"ry bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small singing bird of the Finch family (<spn>Serinus Canarius</spn>), a native of the Canary Islands. It was brought to Europe in the 16th century, and made a household pet. It generally has a yellowish body with the wings and tail greenish, but in its wild state it is more frequently of gray or brown color. It is sometimes called <altname>canary finch</altname>.</def><-- and <altname>canary.</altname> -->

<hr>
<page="209">
Page 209<p>

<cs><col>Canary bird flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a climbing plant (<spn>Trop\'91olum peregrinum</spn>) with canary-colored flowers of peculiar form; -- called also <altname>canary vine</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Canaster</h1>
<Xpage=209>

<hw>Ca*nas"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>canasta</ets>, <ets>canastro</ets>, basket, fr. L. <ets>canistrum</ets>. See <er>Canister</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of tobacco for smoking, made of the dried leaves, coarsely broken; -- so called from the rush baskets in which it is packed in South America.</def>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<h1>Can buoy</h1>
<Xpage=209>

<hw>Can" buoy`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Buoy</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Cancan</h1>
<Xpage=209>

<hw>Can"can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A rollicking French dance, accompanied by indecorous or extravagant postures and gestures.</def>

<h1>Cancel</h1>
<Xpage=209>

<hw>Can"cel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Canceled</er> &or; <er>Cancelled<er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Canceling</er> &or; <er>Cancelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>cancellare</ets> to make like a lattice, to strike or cross out (cf. Fr. <ets>canceller</ets>, OF. <ets>canceler</ets>) fr. <ets>cancelli</ets> lattice, crossbars, dim. of <ets>cancer</ets> lattice; cf. Gr. <?/ latticed gate. Cf. <er>Chancel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To inclose or surround, as with a railing, or with latticework.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A little obscure place <b>canceled</b> in with iron work is the pillar or stump at which . . . our Savior was scourged.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To shut out, as with a railing or with latticework; to exclude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Canceled</i> from heaven."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cross and deface, as the lines of a writing, or as a word or figure; to mark out by a cross line; to blot out or obliterate.</def>

<blockquote>A deed may be avoided by delivering it up to be <b>cancelled</b>; that is, to have lines drawn over it in the form of latticework or <b>cancelli</b>; the phrase is now used figuratively for any manner of obliterating or defacing it.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To annul or destroy; to revoke or recall.</def>

<blockquote>The indentures were <b>canceled</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He was unwilling to <b>cancel</b> the interest created through former secret services, by being refractory on this occasion.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To suppress or omit; to strike out, as matter in type.</def>

<cs><col>Canceled figures</col> <fld>(Print)</fld>, <cd>figures cast with a line across the face., as for use in arithmetics.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To blot out; Obliterate; deface; erase; efface; expunge; annul; abolish; revoke; abrogate; repeal; destroy; do away; set aside. See <er>Abolish</er>.</syn>

<h1>Cancel</h1>
<Xpage=209>

<hw>Can"cel</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cancel</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and cf. <er>Chancel</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An inclosure; a boundary; a limit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A prison is but a retirement, and opportunity of serious thoughts, to a person whose spirit . . . desires no enlargement beyond the <b>cancels</b> of the body.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The suppression on striking out of matter in type, or of a printed page or pages.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The part thus suppressed.</def>

<h1>Cancelier</h1>
<Xpage=209>

<hw>Can`cel*ier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chanceler</ets>, OF. <ets>canseler</ets>, to waver, orig. to cross the legs so as not to fall; from the same word as E. <ets>cancel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>To turn in flight; -- said of a hawk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i>

<blockquote>He makes his stoop; but wanting breath, is forced
To <b>cancelier</b>.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cancelier, Canceleer</h1>
<Xpage=209>

<hw><hw>Can`cel*ier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Can"cel*eer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>The turn of a hawk upon the wing to recover herself, when she misses her aim in the stoop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The fierce and eager hawks, down thrilling from the skies,
Make sundry <b>canceliers</b> are they the fowl can reach.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cancellarean</h1>
<Xpage=209>

<hw>Can`cel*la"re*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cancellarean.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cancellate</h1>
<Xpage=209>

<hw>Can"cel*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cancellatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cancellare</ets>, See <er>Cancel</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Consisting of a network of veins, without intermediate parenchyma, as the leaves of certain plant; latticelike.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the surface coveres with raised lines, crossing at right angles.</def>

<h1>Cancellated</h1>
<Xpage=209>

<hw>Can"cel*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Crossbarres; marked with cross lines.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Open or spongy, as some porous bones.</def>

<h1>Cancellation</h1>
<Xpage=209>

<hw>Can`cel*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cancellatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cancellation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act, process, or result of canceling; <as>as, the <ex>cansellation</ex> of certain words in a contract, or of the contract itself</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The operation of striking out common factora, in both the dividend and divisor.</def>

<h1>Cancelli</h1>
<Xpage=209>

<hw>Can*cel"li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., a lattice. See <er>Cancel</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An interwoven or latticed wall or inclosure; latticework, rails, or crossbars, as around the bar of a court of justice, between the chancel and the have of a church, or in a window.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The interlacing osseous plates constituting the elastic porous tissue of certain parts of the bones, esp. in their articular extremities.</def>

<h1>Cancellous</h1>
<Xpage=209>

<hw>Can"cel*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>cancellosus</ets> covered with bars.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having a spongy or porous stracture; made up of cancelli; cancellated; <as>as, the <ex>cancellous</ex> texture of parts of many bones</as>.</def>

<h1>Cancer</h1>
<Xpage=209>

<hw>Can"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cancer</ets>, <ets>cancri</ets>, crab, ulcer, a sign of the zodiac; akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>karka<?/a</ets> crab, and prob. Skr. <ets>karkara</ets> hard, the crab being named from its hard shell. Cf. <er>Canner</er>, <er>Chancre</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of decapod Crustacea, including some of the most common shore crabs of Europe and North America, as the rock crab, Jonah crab, etc. See <er>Crab</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fourth of the twelve signs of the zodiac. The first point is the northern limit of the sun's course in summer; hence, the sign of the summer solstice. See <er>Tropic</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def> A northern constellation between Gemini and Leo.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Formerly, any malignant growth, esp. one attended with great pain and ulceration, with cachexia and progressive emaciation. It was so called, perhaps, from the great veins which surround it, compared by the ancients to the claws of a crab. The term it now restricted to such a growth made up of aggregations of epithelial cells, either without support or embedded in the meshes of a trabecular framework.</def>

<note>&hand; Four kinds of cancers are recognized: <stype>(1) Epithelial cancer, <i>or</i> Epithelioma</stype>, in which there is no trabecular framework. See <er>Epithelioma</er>. (2) <stype>Scirrhous cancer, <i>or</i> Hard cancer</stype>, in which the framework predominates, and the tumor is of hard consistence and slow growth. (3) <stype>Encephaloid, Medullary, <i>or</i> Soft cancer</stype>, in which the cellular element predominates, and the tumor is soft, grows rapidy, and often ulcerates. (4) <stype>Colloid cancer</stype>, in which the cancerous structure becomes gelatinous. The last three varieties are also called <i>carcinoma</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Cancer cells</col>, <cd>cells once believed to be peculiar to cancers, but now know to be epithelial cells differing in no respect from those found elsewhere in the body, and distinguished only by peculiarity of location and grouping.</cd> -- <col>Cancer root</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the name of several low plants, mostly parasitic on roots, as the beech drops, the squawroot, etc.</cd> -- <col>Tropic of Cancer</col>. <cd>See <er>Tropic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cancerate</h1>
<Xpage=209>

<hw>Can"cer*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cancerated</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>canceratus</ets> eaten by a cancer. See <er>Cancer</er>.]</ety> <def>To grow into a canser; to become cancerous.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Canceration</h1>
<Xpage=209>

<hw>Can`cer*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or state of becoming cancerous or growing into a cancer.</def>

<h1>Cancerite</h1>
<Xpage=209>

<hw>Can"cer*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>canc\'82reux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like a cancer; having the qualities or virulence of a cancer; affected with cancer.</def> "<i>Cancerous</i> vices."

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Can"cer*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Can"cer*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Cancriform</h1>
<Xpage=209>

<hw>Can"cri*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cancer</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>; cf. F. <ets>cancriforme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the form of, or resembling, a crab; crab-shaped.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Like a cancer; cancerous.</def>

<h1>Cancrine</h1>
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<hw>Can"crine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cancer</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the qualities of a crab; crablike.</def>

<h1>Cancrinite</h1>
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<hw>Can"cri*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after Count <ets>Cancrin</ets>, a minister of finance in Russia.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occurring in hexagonal crystals, also massive, generally of a yellow color, containing silica, alumina, lime, soda, and carbon dioxide.</def>

<h1>Cancroid</h1>
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<hw>Can"croid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cancer</ets> + <ets>oid</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling a crab; pertaining to the <spn>Cancroidea</spn>, one of the families of crabs, including the genus <spn>Cancer</spn>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Like a cancer; <as>as, a <ex>cancroid</ex> tumor</as>.</def>

<h1>Cand</h1>
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<hw>Cand</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fluor spar. See <er>Kand</er>.</def>

<h1>Candelabrum</h1>
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<hw>Can`de*la"brum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Candelabra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Candelabrums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>candela</ets> candle. See <er>candle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A lamp stand of any sort.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A highly ornamented stand of marble or other ponderous material, usually having three feet, -- frequently a votive offering to a temple.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A large candlestick, having several branches.</def>

<h1>Candent</h1>
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<hw>Can`dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>candens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>cand\'89re</ets> to glitter. See <er>Candid</er>.]</ety> <def>Heated to whiteness; glowing with heat.</def> "A <i>candent</i> vessel."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Canderos</h1>
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<hw>Can"de*ros</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An East Indian resin, of a pellucid white color, from which small ornaments and toys are sometimes made.</def>

<h1>Candescence</h1>
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<hw>Can*des"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Inclandescence</er>.</def>

<h1>Candicant</h1>
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<hw>Can"di*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>candicans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>candicare</ets> to be whitish.]</ety> <def>Growing white.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<-- #sic.  glowing white? -->

<h1>Candid</h1>
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<hw>Can*did</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>candide</ets> (cf. It. <ets>candido</ets>), L. <ets>candidus</ets> white, fr. <ets>cand\'89re</ets> to be of a glowing white; akin to <ets>accend<?/re</ets>, in<ets>cend<?/re</ets>, to set on fire, Skr. <ets>chand</ets> to shane. Cf. <er>Candle</er>, <er>Incense</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>White.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The box receives all black; but poured from thence,
The stones came <b>candid</b> forth, the hue of innocence.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free from undue bias; disposed to think and judge according to truth and justice, or without partiality or prejudice; fair; just; impartial; <as>as, a <ex>candid</ex> opinion</as>.</def> "<i>Candid</i> and dispassionate men."

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Open; frank; ingenuous; outspoken.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Fair; open; ingenuous; impartial; just; frank; artless; unbiased; equitable.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Candid</er>, <er>Fair</er>, <er>Open</er>, <er>Frank</er>, <er>Ingenuous</er>. A man is <i>fair</i> when he puts things on a just or equitable footing; he is <i>candid</i> when be looks impartially on both sides of a subject, doing justice especially to the motives and conduct of an opponent; he is <i>open</i> and <i>frank</i> when he declares his sentiments without reserve; he is <i>ingenuous</i> when he does this from a noble regard for truth. <i>Fair</i> dealing; <i>candid</i> investigation; an <i>open</i> temper; a <i>frank</i> disposition; an <i>ingenuous</i> answer or declaration.</usage>

<h1>Candidacy</h1>
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<hw>Can"di*da*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The position of a candidate; state of being a candidate; candidateship.</def>

<h1>Candidate</h1>
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<hw>Can"di*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Candidatus</ets>, n. (because candidates for office in Rome were clothed in a white toga.) fr. <ets>candidatus</ets> clothed in white, fr. <ets>candidus</ets>littering, white: cf. F. <ets>candidat</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who offers himself, or is put forward by others, as a suitable person or an aspirant or contestant for an office, privilege, or honor; <as>as, a <ex>candidate</ex> for the office of governor; a <ex>candidate</ex> for holy orders; a <ex>candidate</ex> for scholastic honors.</as></def>

<h1>Candidateship</h1>
<Xpage=209>

<hw>Can"di*date*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Candidacy.</def>

<h1>Candidating</h1>
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<hw>Can"di*da`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The taking of the position of a candidate; specifically, the preaching of a clergyman with a view to settlement.</def> <mark>[Cant, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Candidature</h1>
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<hw>Can"di*da*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Candidacy.</def>

<h1>Candidly</h1>
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<hw>Can"did*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a candid manner.</def>

<h1>Candidness</h1>
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<hw>Can"did*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being candid.</def>

<h1>Candied</h1>
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<hw>Can"died</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 1st <er>Candy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Preserved in or with sugar; incrusted with a candylike substance; <as>as, <ex>candied</ex> fruits</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Converted wholly or partially into sugar or candy; as <i>candied</i> sirup.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Conted or more or less with sugar; <as>as, <ex>candidied</ex> raisins</as></def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Figuratively; Honeyed; sweet; flattering.</def>

<blockquote>Let the <b>candied</b> tongue lick absurd pomp.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Covered or incrusted with that which resembles sugar or candy.</def>

<blockquote>Will the cold brook,
<b>Candied</b>with ice, caudle thy morning tast?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Candify</h1>
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<hw>Can"di*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. &or; v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>candificare</ets>; <ets>cand\'89re</ets> to be white + <ets>-facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>To make or become white, or candied.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Candiot</h1>
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<hw>Can"di*ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>candiote</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Candia; Cretary.</def>

<h1>Candite</h1>
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<hw>Can"dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of spinel, of a dark color, found at Candy, in Ceylon.</def>

<h1>Candle</h1>
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<hw>Can"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>candel</ets>, <ets>candel</ets>, AS, <ets>candel</ets>, fr. L. <ets>candela</ets> a (white) light made of wax or tallow, fr. <ets>cand\'89re</ets> to be white. See <er>Candid</er>, and cf. <er>Chandler</er>, <er>Cannel</er>, <er>Kindle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A slender, cylindrical body of tallow, containing a wick composed of loosely twisted linen of cotton threads, and used to furnish light.</def>

<blockquote>How far that little <b>candle</b> throws his beams!
So shines a good deed in a naughty world.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Candles are usually made by repeatedly dipping the wicks in the melted tallow, etc. ("dipped <i>candles</i>"), or by casting or running in a mold.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which gives light; a luminary.</def>

<blockquote>By these blessed <b>candles</b> of the night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Candle nut</col>, <cd>the fruit of a euphorbiaceous shrub (<spn>Aleurites triloba</spn>), a native of some of the Pacific islands; -- socalled because, when dry, it will burn with a bright flame, and is used by the natives as a candle. The oil has many uses.</cd> -- <col>Candle power</col> <fld>(Photom.)</fld>, <cd>illuminating power, as of a lamp, or gas flame, reckoned in terms of the light of a standard candle.</cd> <col>Electric candle</col>, <cd>A modification of the electric arc lamp, in which the carbon rods, instead of being placed end to end, are arranged side by side, and at a distance suitable for the formation of the arc at the tip; -- called also, from the name of the inventor, <i>Jablockoff candle<i>.</cd> -- <col>Excommunication by inch of candle</col>, <cd>a form of excommunication in which the offender is allowed time to repent only while a candle burns.</cd> -- <col>Not worth the candle</col>, <cd>not worth the cost or trouble.</cd> -- <col>Rush candle</col>, <cd>a candle made of the pith of certain rushes, peeled except on one side, and dipped in grease.</cd> -- <col>Sale by inch of candle</col>, <cd>an auction in which persons are allowed to bid only till a small piece of candle burns out.</cd> -- <col>Standard candle</col> <fld>(Photom.)</fld>, <cd>a special form of candle employed as a standard in photometric measurements; usually, a candle of spermaceti so constructed as to burn at the rate of 120 grains, or 7.8 grams, per hour.</cd> -- <col>To curse by bell, book and candle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bell</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Candleberry tree</h1>
<Xpage=209>

<hw>Can"dle*ber`ry tree</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shrub (the <spn>Myrica cerifera</spn>, or wax-bearing myrtle), common in North America, the little nuts of which are covered with a greenish white wax, which was formerly, used for hardening candles; -- also called <altname>bayberry tree</altname>, <altname>bayberry</altname>, or <altname>candleberry</altname>.</def>

<h1>Candlebomb</h1>
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<hw>Can"dle*bomb`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small glass bubble, filled with water, which, if placed in the flame of a candle, bursts by expansion of steam.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pasteboard shell used in signaling. It is filled with a composition which makes a brilliant light when it explodes.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Candle coal</h1>
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<hw>Can"dle coal`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>See <er>Cannel coal</er>.</def>

<h1>Candlefish</h1>
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<hw>Can"dle*fish`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A marine fish (<spn>Thaleichthys Pacificus</spn>), allied to the smelt, found on the north Pacific coast; -- called also <altname>eulachon</altname>. It is so oily that, when dried, it may be used as a candle, by drawing a wick through it</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The beshow.</def>

<h1>Candleholder</h1>
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<hw>Can"dle*hold`er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, holds a candle; also, one who assists another, but is otherwise not of importance.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Candlelight</h1>
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<hw>Can"dle*light`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The light of a candle.</def>

<blockquote>Never went by <b>candlelight</b> to bed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Candlemas</h1>
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<hw>Can"dle*mas</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>candelm\'91sse</ets>, <ets>candel</ets> candle _ <ets>m\'91sse</ets> mass.]</ety> <def>The second day of February, on which is celebrated the feast of the Purification of the Virgin Mary; -- so called because the candles for the altar or other sacred uses are blessed on that day.</def>

<h1>Candlestick</h1>
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<hw>Can"dle*stick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>candel-sticca</ets>; <ets>candel</ets> candle + <ets>sticca</ets> stick.]</ety> <def>An instrument or utensil for supporting a candle.</def>

<h1>Candlewaster</h1>
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<hw>Can"dle*wast`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who consumes candles by being up late for study or dissipation.</def>

<blockquote>A bookworm, a <b>candlewaster</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Candock</h1>
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<hw>Can"dock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>can + dock</ets> (the plant). Cf. G. <ets>kannenkraut</ets> horsetail, lit. "canweed."]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant or weed that grows in rivers; a species of of <i>Equisetum</i>; also, the yellow frog lily (<spn>Nuphar luteum</spn>).</def>

<h1>Candor</h1>
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<hw>Can"dor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>candour</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[L. <ets>candor</ets>, fr. <ets>cand\'89re</ets>; cf. F. <ets>candeur</ets>. See <er>candid</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Whiteness; brightness; (as applied to moral conditions) usullied purity; innocence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Nor yor unquestioned integrity
Shall e'er be sullied with one taint or spot
That may take from your innocence and <b>candor</b>.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A disposition to treat subjects with fairness; freedom from prejudice or disguise; frankness; sincerity.</def>

<blockquote>Attribute superior sagacity and <b>candor</b> to those who held that side of the question.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Candroy</h1>
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<hw>Can"droy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A machine for spreading out cotton cloths to prepare them for printing.</def>

<h1>Candy</h1>
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<hw>Can"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Candied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Candying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>candir</ets> (cf. It. <ets>candire</ets>, Sp. <ets>az\'a3car cande</ets> or <ets>candi</ets>), fr. Ar. & Pers. <ets>qand</ets>, fr. Skr. <ets>Kha\'c9\'c8da</ets> piece, sugar in pieces or lumps, fr. <ets>kha\'c9\'c8</ets>, <ets>kha\'c8</ets> to break.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To conserve or boil in sugar; <as>as, to <ex>candy</ex> fruits; to <ex>candy</ex> ginger.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make sugar crystals of or in; to form into a mass resembling candy; <as>as, to <ex>candy</ex> sirup</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To incrust with sugar or with candy, or with that which resembles sugar or candy.</def>

<blockquote>Those frosts that winter brings
Which <b>candy</b> every green.
<i>Drayson.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="210">
Page 210<p>

<h1>Candy</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have sugar crystals form in or on; <as>as, fruits preserved in sugar <ex>candy</ex> after a time</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be formed into candy; to solidify in a candylike form or mass.</def>

<h1>Candy</h1>
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<hw>Can"dy</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>candi</ets>. See <er>Candy</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A more or less solid article of confectionery made by boiling sugar or molasses to the desired consistency, and than crystallizing, molding, or working in the required shape. It is often flavored or colored, and sometimes contains fruit, nuts, etc.</def>

<h1>Candy</h1>
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<hw>Candy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Mahratta <ets>kha\'c9\'c8\'c6</ets>, Tamil <ets>ka\'c9\'c8i</ets>.]</ety> <def>A weight, at Madras 500 pounds, at Bombay 560 pounds.</def>

<h1>Candytuft</h1>
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<hw>Can"dy*tuft`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An annual plant of the genus <spn>Iberis</spn>, cultivated in gardens. The name was originally given to the <spn>I. umbellata</spn>, first, discovered in the island of Candia.</def>

<h1>Cane</h1>
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<hw>Cane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cane</ets>, <ets>canne</ets>, OF. <ets>cane</ets>, F. <ets>canne</ets>, L. <ets>canna</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/; prob. of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. <ets>q\'beneh</ets> reed. Cf. <er>Canister</er>, <er>canon</er>, 1st <er>Cannon</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A name given to several peculiar palms, species of <spn>Calamus</spn> and <spn>D\'91manorops</spn>, having very long, smooth flexible stems, commonly called rattans.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any plant with long, hard, elastic stems, as reeds and bamboos of many kinds; also, the sugar cane.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Stems of other plants are sometimes called canes; <as>as, the <ex>canes</ex> of a raspberry</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Like light <b>canes</b>, that first rise big and brave.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In the Southern United States <stype>great cane</stype> is the <spn>Arundinaria macrosperma</spn>, and <stype>small cane</stype> is. <spn>A. tecta</spn>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A walking stick; a staff; -- so called because originally made of one the species of cane.</def>

<blockquote>Stir the fire with your master's <b>cane</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A lance or dart made of cane.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Judgelike thou sitt'st, to praise or to arraign
The flying skirmish of the darted <b>cane</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A local European measure of length. See <er>Canna</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Cane borer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94.)</fld>, <cd>A beetle <spn>(Oberea bimaculata)</spn> which, in the larval state, bores into pith and destroy the canes or stalks of the raspberry, blackberry, etc.</cd> -- <col>Cane mill</col>, <cd>a mill for grinding sugar canes, for the manufacture of sugar.</cd> -- <col>Cane trash</col>, <cd>the crushed stalks and other refuse of sugar cane, used for fuel, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cane</h1>
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<hw>Cane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Caned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Caning</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat with a cane.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make or furnish with cane or rattan; <as>as, to <ex>cane</ex> chairs</as>.</def>

<h1>Canebrake</h1>
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<hw>Cane"brake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thicket of canes.</def>

<i>Ellicott.</i>

<h1>Caned</h1>
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<hw>Caned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>canus</ets> white.]</ety> <def>Filled with white flakes; mothery; -- said vinegar when containing mother.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Canella</h1>
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<hw>Ca*nel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. (OE. <ets>canel</ets>, <ets>canelle</ets>, cinnamon, fr. F. <ets>cannelle</ets>), Dim. of L. <ets>canna</ets> a reed. <ets>Canella</ets> is so called from the shape of the rolls of prepared bark. See <er>Cane</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees of the order <i>Canellace\'91</i>, growing in the West Indies.</def>

<note>&hand; The principal species is <i>Canella alba</i>, and its bark is a spice and drug exported under the names of <i>wild cinnamon</i> and <i>whitewood bark</i>.</note>

<h1>Canescent</h1>
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<hw>Ca*nes"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>canescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>canescere</ets>, v. inchoative of <ets>canere</ets> to be white.]</ety> <def>Growing white, or assuming a color approaching to white.</def>

<h1>Can hook</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can" hook`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A device consisting of a short rope with flat hooks at each end, for hoisting casks or barrels by the ends of the staves.</def>

<h1>Cannicula</h1>
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<hw>Can*nic"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>canicula</ets>, lit., a little dog, a dim of <ets>canis</ets> dog; cf. F. <ets>canicule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The Dog Star; Sirius.</def>

<h1>Canicular</h1>
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<hw>Ca*nic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>canicularis</ets>; cf. F. <ets>caniculaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or measured, by the rising of the Dog Star.</def>

<cs><col>Canicular days</col>, <cd>the dog days, See <er>Dog days</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canicular year</col>, <cd>the Egyptian year, computed from one heliacal rising of the Dog Star to another.</cd></cs>

<h1>Canicule</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"i*cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Canicula.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Caninal</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Ca*ni"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Canine</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Canine</h1>
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<hw>Ca*nine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caninus</ets>, fr. <ets>canis</ets> dog: cf. F. <ets>canin</ets>. See <er>Hound</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the family <i>Canid\'91</i>, or dogs and wolves; having the nature or qualities of a dog; like that or those of a dog.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the pointed tooth on each side the incisors.</def>

<cs><col>Canine appetite</col>, <cd>a morbidly voracious appetite; bulimia.</cd> -- <col>Canine letter</col>, <cd>the letter r. See <er>R</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canine madness</col>, <cd>hydrophobia.</cd> -- <col>Canine toth</col>, <cd>a toth situated between the incisor and bicuspid teeth, so called because well developen in dogs; usually, the third tooth from the front on each side of each jaw; an eyetooth, or the corresponding tooth in the lower jaw.</cd></cs>

<h1>Canine</h1>
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<hw>Ca*nine"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A canine tooth.</def>

<h1>Canis</h1>
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<hw>Ca"nis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Canes</plw> 3.</plu> <ety>[L., a dog.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of carnivorous mammals, of the family <spn>Canid\'91</spn>, including the dogs and wolves.</def>

<cs><col>Canis major</col> <ety>[L., larger dog]</ety>, <cd>a constellation to the southeast of Orion, containing Sirius or the Dog Star.</cd> -- <col>Canis minor</col> <ety>[L., smaller dog]</ety>, <cd>a constellation to the east of Orion, containing Procyon, a star of the first magnitude.</cd></cs>

<h1>Canister</h1>
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<hw>Can"is*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>canistrum</ets> a basket woven from reeds Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/ reed; cf. F. <ets>canistre</ets>. See <er>Cane</er>, and <er>Canaster</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small basket of rushes, or wilow twigs, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small box or case for holding tea, coffee, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A kind of case shot for cannon, in which a number of lead or iron balls in layers are inclosed in a case fitting the gun; -- called also <altname>canister shot</altname>,</def>

<h1>Canker</h1>
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<hw>Can"ker</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>canker</ets>, <ets>cancre</ets>, AS. <ets>cancer</ets> (akin to D. <ets>kanker</ets>, OHG <ets>chanchar</ets>.), fr. L. <ets>cancer</ets> a cancer; or if a native word, cf. Gr. <?/ excrescence on tree, <?/ gangrene. Cf. also OF. <ets>cancre</ets>, F. <ets>chancere</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cancer</ets>. See <er>cancer</er>, and cf. <er>Chancre</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A corroding or sloughing ulcer; esp. a spreading gangrenous ulcer or collection of ulcers in or about the mouth; -- called also <altname>water canker</altname>, <altname>canker of the mouth</altname>, and <altname>noma</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything which corrodes, corrupts, or destroy.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>cankers</b> of envy and faction.
<i>Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>A disease incident to trees, causing the bark to rot and fall off.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An obstinate and often incurable disease of a horse's foot, characterized by separation of the horny portion and the development of fungoid growths; -- usually resulting from neglected thrush.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A kind of wild, worthless rose; the dog-rose.</def>

<blockquote>To put down Richard, that sweet lovely rose.
And plant this thorm, this <b>canker</b>, Bolingbroke.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Black canker</col>. <cd>See under <er>Black</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Canker</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"ker</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cankered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cankering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To affect as a canker; to eat away; to corrode; to consune.</def>

<blockquote>No lapse of moons can <b>canker</b> Love.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To infect or pollute; to corrupt.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>A tithe purloined <b>canker</b> the whole estate.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Canker</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"ker</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To waste away, grow rusty, or be oxidized, as a mineral.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Silvering will sully and <b>canker</b> more than gliding.
<i>Bacom.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be or become diseased, or as if diseased, with canker; to grow corrupt; to become venomous.</def>

<blockquote>Deceit and <b>cankered</b> malice.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As with age his body uglier grows,
So his mind <b>cankers</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Canker-bit</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"ker-bit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Eaten out by canker, or as by canker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Canker bloom</h1>
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<hw>Can"ker bloom`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The bloom or blossom of the wild rose or dog-rose.</def>

<h1>Canker blossom</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"ker blos`som</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>That which blasts a blossom as a canker does.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>O me! you juggler! you <b>canker blossom</b>!
You thief of Love!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cankered</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"kered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Affected with canker; <as>as, a <ex>cankered</ex> mouth</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affected mentally or morally as with canker; sore, envenomed; malignant; fretful; ill-natured.</def> "A <i>cankered</i> grandam's will."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cankeredly</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"kered*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Fretfully; spitefully.</def>

<h1>Canker fly</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"ker fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A fly that preys on fruit.</def>

<h1>Cankerous</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"ker*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affecting like a canker.</def> "<i>Canrerous</i> shackles."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<blockquote>Misdeem it not a <b>cankerous</b> change.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Canker rash</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"ker rash"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A form of scarlet fever characterized by ulcerated or putrid sore throat.</def>

<h1>Cankerworm</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"ker*worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of two species of geometrid moths which are very injurious to fruit and shade trees by eating, and often entirely destroying, the foliage. Other similar larv\'91 are also called cankerworms.</def>

<note>&hand; The autumnal species (<spn>Anisopteryx pometaria</spn>) becomes adult late in autumn (after frosts) and in winter. The spring species (<spn>A. vernata</spn>) remains in the ground through the winter, and matures in early spring. Both have winged males and wingless females. The larv\'91 are similar in appearance and habits, and beling to the family of measuring worms or spanworms. These larv\'91 hatch from the eggs when the leaves being to expand in spring.</note>

<h1>Cankery</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"ker*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Like a canker; full of canker.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Surly; sore; malignant.</def>

<h1>Canna</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A measure of length in Italy, varying from six to seven feet. See <er>Cane</er>, 4.</def>

<h1>Canna</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a reed. See <er>Cane</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of tropical plants, with large leaves and often with showy flowers. The Indian shot. (<spn>C. Indica</spn>) is found in gardens of the northern United States.</def>

<h1>Cannabene</h1>
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<hw>Can"na*bene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cannabis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless oil obtained from hemp dy distillation, and possessing its intoxicating properties.</def>

<h1>Cannabin</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"na*bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A pisonous resin extracted from hemp (<spn>Cannabis sativa</spn>, variety <spn>Indica</spn>). The narcotic effects of hasheesh are due to this resin.</def>

<h1>Cannabine</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"na*bine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cannabinus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to hemp; hempen.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cannabis</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"na*bis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., hemp. See <er>Canvas</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of a single species belonging to the order <i>Uricace\'91</i>; hemp.</def>

<cs><col>Cannabis Indica</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <cd>the Indian hemp, a powerful narcotic, now considered a variety of the common hemp.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cannel coal</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"nel coal`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Corrupt. fr. <ets>ndle coal</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of mineral coal of a black color, sufficiently hard and solid to be cut and polished. It burns readily, with a clear, yellow flame, and on this account has been used as a substitute for candles.</def>

<h1>Cannery</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"ner*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place where the business of canning fruit, meat, etc., is carried on.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Cannibal</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"ni*bal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cannibale</ets>. Columbus, in a letter to the Spanish monarchs written in Oct., 1498, mentions that the people of Hayti lived in great fear of the <ets>Caribales</ets> (equivalent to E. <ets>Caribbees</ets>.), the inhabitants of the smaller Antilles; which form of the name was afterward changed into NL. <ets>Canibales</ets>, in order to express more forcibly their character by a word intelligible through a Latin root "propter rabiem <ets>caninam</ets> anthropophagorum gentis." The Caribbees call themselves, in their own language. <ets>Calinago</ets>, <ets>Carinago</ets>, <ets>Calliponam</ets>, and, abbreviated, <ets>Calina</ets>, signifying a brave, from which Columbus formed his <ets>Caribales</ets>.]</ety> <def>A human being that eats human flesh; hence, any that devours its own kind.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Cannibal</h1>
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<hw>Can"ni*bal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to cannibals or cannibalism.</def> "<i>Cannibal</i> terror."

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Cannibalism</h1>
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<hw>Can"ni*bal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cannibalisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of eating human flesh by mankind. Hence; Murderous cruelty; barbarity.</def>

<i>Berke.</i>

<h1>Cannibally</h1>
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<hw>Can"ni*bal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of cannibal.</def> "An he had been <i>cannibally</i> given."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cannikin</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"ni*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Can</ets> + <ets>-kin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small can or drinking vessel.</def>

<h1>Cannily</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"ni*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a canny manner.</def> <mark>[N. of Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Canniness</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"ni*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Caution; crafty management.</def> <mark>[N. of Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Cannon</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.<plw>Cannons</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, collectively <plw>Cannon</plw>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>cannon</ets>, fr. L. <ets>canna</ets> reed, pipe, tube. See <er>Cane</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A great gun; a piece of ordnance or artillery; a firearm for discharging heavy shot with great force.</def>

<note>&hand; Cannons are made of various materials, as iron, brass, bronze, and steel, and of various sizes and shapes with respect to the special service for which they are intended, as intended, as siege, seacoast, naval, field, or mountain, guns. They always aproach more or less nearly to a cylindrical from, being usually thicker toward the breech than at the muzzle. Formerly they were cast hollow, afterwards they were cast, solid, and bored out. The cannon now most in use for the armament of war vessels and for seacoast defense consists of a forged steel tube reinforced with massive steel rings shrunk upon it. Howitzers and mortars are sometimes called cannon. See <er>Gun</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A hollow cylindrical piece carried by a revolving shaft, on which it may, however, revolve independently.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Printing.)</fld> <def>A kind of type. See <er>Canon</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Cannon ball</col>, <cd>strictly, a round solid missile of stone or iron made to be fired from a cannon, but now often applied to a missile of any shape, whether solid or hollow, made for cannon. Elongated and cylindrical missiles are sometimes called <i>bolts<i>; hollow ones charged with explosives are properly called <i>shells<i>.</cd> -- <col>Cannon bullet</col>, <cd>a cannon ball</cd>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Cannon cracker</col></mcol>, <cd>a fire cracker of large size.</cd> -- <col>Cannon lock</col>, <cd>a device for firing a cannon by a percussion primer.</cd> -- <col>Cannon metal</col>. <cd>See <er>Gun Metal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cannon pinion</col>, <cd>the pinion on the minute hand arbor of a watch or clock, which drives the hand but permits it to be moved in setting.</cd> -- <col>Cannon proof</col>, <cd>impenetrable by cannon balls.</cd> -- <col>Cannon shot</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A cannon ball. <sd>(b)</sd> The range of a cannon.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cannon</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"non</hw>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <fld>(Billiards)</fld> <def>See <er>Carom</er>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Cannonade</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"non*ade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>Canonnade</ets>; cf. It. <ets>cannanata</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of discharging cannon and throwing ball, shell, etc., for the purpose of destroying an army, or battering a town, ship, or fort; -- usually, an attack of some continuance.</def>

<blockquote>A furious <b>cannonade</b> was kept up from the whole circle of batteries on the devoted towm.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.; A loud noise like a cannonade; a booming.</def>

<blockquote>Blue Walden rolls its <b>cannonade</b>.
<i>Ewerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cannonade</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can`non*ade"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cannonade</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cannonading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To attack with heavy artillery; to batter with cannon shot.</def>

<h1>Cannonade</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can`non*ade"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To discharge cannon; <as>as, the army <ex>cannonaded</ex> all day</as>.</def>

<h1>Cannon bone</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"non bone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Canon Bone</cref>.</def>

<h1>Cannoned</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"noned</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with cannon.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark> "Gilbralter's <b>cannoned</b> steep." <i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Cannoneer, Cannonier</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw><hw>Can`non*eer"</hw>, <hw>Can`non*ier"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>canonnier</ets>.]</ety> <def>A man who manages, or fires, cannon.</def>

<h1>Cannonering</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can`non*er"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The use of cannon.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Cannonry</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"non*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cannon, collectively; artillery.</def>

<blockquote>The ringing of bells and roaring of <b>cannonry</b> proclaimed his course through the country.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cannot</h1>
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<hw>Can"not</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[<ets>Can</ets> to be able _ <ets>-not</ets>.]</ety> <def>Am, is, or are, not able; -- written either as one word or two.</def>

<h1>Cannula</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"nu*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cannula</ets> a small tube of dim. of <ets>canna</ets> a reed, tube.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A small tube of metal, wood, or India rubber, used for various purposes, esp. for injecting or withdrawing fluids. It is usually associated with a trocar.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>canula</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cannular</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"nu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the form of a tube; tubular.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>canular</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cannulated</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Can"nu*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hollow; affording a passage through its interior length for wire, thread, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>cannulated</ex> (suture) needle</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>canulated</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Canny, Cannei</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw><hw>Can"ny</hw>, <hw>Can"nei</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>kenn</ets> skilled, learned, or E. <ets>canny</ets>. Cf. <er>Kenn</er>.]</ety> <mark>[North of Eng. & Scot.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Artful; cunning; shrewd; wary.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Skillful; knowing; capable.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Cautious; prudent; safe..</def>

<i>Ramsay.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Having pleasing of useful qualities; gentle.</def>

<i>Burns.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Reputed to have magical powers.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<cs><col>No canny</col>, <cd>not safe, not fortunate; unpropitious. <mark>[Scot.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Canoe</h1>
<Xpage=210>

<hw>Ca*noe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Canoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Sp. <ets>canoa</ets>, fr. Caribbean <ets>can\'a0oa</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A boat used by rude nations, formed of trunk of a tree, excavated, by cutting of burning, into a suitable shape. It is propelled by a paddle or paddles, or sometimes by sail, and has no rudder.</def>

<blockquote>Others devised the boat of one tree, called the <b>canoe</b>.
<i>Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A boat made of bark or skins, used by savages.</def>

<blockquote>A birch <b>canoe</b>, with paddles, rising, falling, on the water.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A light pleasure boat, especially designed for use by one who goes alone upon long excursions, including portage. It it propelled by a paddle, or by a small sail attached to a temporary mast.</def>

<hr>
<page="211">
Page 211<p>

<h1>Canoe</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Ca*noe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Canoed</er> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Canoeing</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To manage a canoe, or voyage in a canoe.</def>

<h1>Canoeing</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Ca*noe"ing</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or art of using a canoe.</def>

<h1>Canoeist</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Ca*noe"ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A canoeman.</def>

<h1>Canoeman</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Ca*noe"man</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Canoemen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def>One who uses a canoe; one who travels in a canoe.</def>

<blockquote>Cabins and clearing greeted the eye of the passing <b>canoeman</b>.
<i>Parkman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Canon</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Can"on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>canon</ets>, <ets>canoun</ets>, AS. <ets>canon</ets> rule (cf. F. <ets>canon</ets>, LL. <ets>canon</ets>, and, for sense 7, F. <ets>chanoine</ets>, LL. <ets>canonicus</ets>), fr. L. <ets>canon</ets> a measuring line, rule, model, fr. Gr. <?/ rule, rod, fr. <?/, <?/, red. See <er>Cane</er>, and cf. <er>Canonical</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A law or rule.</def>

<blockquote>Or that the Everlasting had not fixed
His <b>canon</b> 'gainst self-slaughter.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A law, or rule of doctrine or discipline, enacted by a council and confirmed by the pope or the sovereign; a decision, regulation, code, or constitution made by ecclesiastical authority.</def>

<blockquote>Various <b>canons</b> which were made in councils held in the second centry.
<i>Hock.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The collection of books received as genuine Holy Scriptures, called the <i>sacred canon</i>, or general rule of moral and religious duty, given by inspiration; the Bible; also, any one of the canonical Scriptures. See <cref>Canonical books</cref>, under <er>Canonical</er>, a.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In monasteries, a book containing the rules of a religious order.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A catalogue of saints sckowledged and canonized in the Roman Catholic Church.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A member of a cathedral chapter; a person who possesses a prebend in a cathedral or collegiate church.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A musical composition in which the voice begin one after another, at regular intervals, succesively taking up the same subject. It either winds up with a <i>coda</i> (tailpiece), or, as each voice finishes, commences anew, thus forming a perpetual fugue or round. It is the strictest form of imitation. See <er>Imitation</er>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The largest size of type having a specific name; -- so called from having been used for printing the canons of the church.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>The part of a bell by which it is suspended; -- called also <altname>ear</altname> and <altname>shank</altname>.</def> <note>[See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Bell</er>.]</note>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Billiards)</fld> <def>See <er>Carom</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Apostolical canons</col>. <cd>See under <er>Apostolical</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Augustinian canons</col>, <col>Black canons</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Augustinian</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Canon capitular</col>, <col>Canon residentiary</col></mcol>, <cd>a resident member of a cathedral chapter (during a part or the whole of the year).</cd> -- <col>Canon law</col>. <cd>See under <er>Law</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canon of the Mass</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>that part of the mass, following the Sanctus, which never changes.</cd> -- <col>Honorary canon</col>, <cd>a canon who neither lived in a monastery, nor kept the canonical hours.</cd> -- <col>Minor canon</col> <fld>(Ch. of Eng.)</fld>, <cd>one who has been admitted to a chapter, but has not yet received a prebend.</cd> -- <col>Regular canon</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>one who lived in a conventual community and follower the rule of St. Austin; a Black canon.</cd> -- <col>Secular canon</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>one who did not live in a monastery, but kept the hours.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ca\'a4on</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Ca*\'a4on"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., a tube or hollow, fr. <ets>ca\'a4a</ets> reed, fr. L. <ets>canna</ets>. See <er>Cane</er>.]</ety> <def>A deep gorge, ravine, or gulch, between high and steep banks, worn by water courses.</def> <mark>[Mexico & Western U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Canon bit</h1>
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<hw>Can"on bit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>canon</ets>, fr. L. <ets>canon</ets> a rule.]</ety> <def>That part of a bit which is put in a horse's mouth.</def>

<h1>Canon bone</h1>
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<hw>Can"on bone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>canon</ets>, fr. L. <ets>canon</ets> a rule. See <er>canon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The shank bone, or great bone above the fetlock, in the fore and hind legs of the horse and allied animals, corresponding to the middle metacarpal or metatarsal bone of most mammals. See <er>Horse</er>.</def>

<h1>Canoness</h1>
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<hw>Can"on*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>canonissa</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woman who holds a canonry in a conventual chapter.</def>

<cs><col>Regular canoness</col>, <cd>one bound by the poverty, and observing a strict rule of life.</cd> -- <col>Secular canoness</col>, <cd>one allowed to hold private property, and bound only by vows of chastity and obedience so long as she chose to remain in the chapter.</cd></cs>

<h1>Canonic, Cannonical</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw><hw>Ca*non"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Can*non"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cannonicus</ets>, LL. <ets>canonicalis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>canon</ets>: cf. F. <ets>canonique</ets>. See <er>canon</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a canon; established by, or according to a , canon or canons.</def> "The oath of <i>canonical</i> obedience."

<i>Hallam.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Canonical books</col>, &or; <col>Canonical Scriptures</col></mcol>, <cd>those books which are declared by the canons of the church to be of divine inspiration; -- called collectively <i>the canon<i>. The Roman Catolic Church holds as canonical several books which Protestants reject as apocryphal.</cd> -- <col>Canonical epistles</col>, <cd>an appellation given to the epistles called also <i>general<i> or <i>catholic<i>. See <cref>Catholic epistles</cref>, under <er>Canholic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canonical form</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the simples or most symmetrical form to which all functions of the same class can be reduced without lose of generality.</cd> -- <col>Canonical hours</col>, <cd>certain stated times of the day, fixed by ecclesiastical laws, and appropriated to the offices of prayer and devotion; also, certain portions of the Breviary, to be used at stated hours of the day. In England, this name is also given to the hours from 8 <sc>a. m.</sc> to 3 <sc>p. m.</sc> (formerly 8 <sc>a. m.</sc> to 12 <sc>m.</sc>) before and after which marriage can not be legally performed in any parish church.</cd> -- <col>Canonical letters</col>, <cd>letters of several kinds, formerly given by a dishop to traveling clergymam or laymen, to show that they were entitled to receive the cammunion, and to distinguish them from heretics.</cd> -- <col>Canonical life</col>, <cd>the method or rule of living prescribed by the ancient cleargy who lived in community; a course of living prescribed for the clergy, less rigid that the monastic, and more restrained that the secular.</cd> -- <col>Canonical obedience</col>, <cd>submission to the canons of a canons of a church, especially the submission of the inferior cleargy to their bishops, and of other religious orders to their supriors.</cd> -- <col>Canonical punishments</col>, <cd>such as the church may inflict, as excommunication, degradation, penance, etc.</cd> -- <col>Canonical sins</col> <fld>(Anc. Church.)</fld>, <cd>those for which capital punishment or puplic penance decreed by the canon was inflicted, as idolatry, murder, adultery, heresy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Canonically</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Ca*non"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. In a canonical manner</tt><def>; <i>according to the canons</i>.</def>

<h1>Canonicalness</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Ca*non"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being canonical; canonicity.</def>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Canonicals</h1>
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<hw>Ca*non"ic*als</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>The dress prescribed by canon to be worn by a clergyman when oficiating. Sometimes, any distinctive professional dress.</def>

<cs><col>Full canonicals</col>, <cd>the complete costume of an officiating clergyman or ecclesiastic.</cd></cs>

<h1>Canonicate</h1>
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<hw>Ca*non"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>canonucatus</ets> canonical: cf. F. <ets>canonicat</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office of a canon; a canonry.</def>

<h1>Canonicity</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Can`on*ic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>canonicit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being canonical; agreement with the canon.</def>

<h1>Canonist</h1>
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<hw>Can"on*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>canoniste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A professor of canon law; one skilled in the knowledge and practice of ecclesiastical law.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Canonistic</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Can`on*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a canonist.</def> "This <i>canonistic</i> exposition."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Canonization</h1>
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<hw>Can`on*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>canonisation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The final process or decree (following beatifacation) by which the name of a deceased person is placed in the catalogue (canon) of saints and commended to perpetual veneration and invocation.</def>

<blockquote><b>Canonization</b> of saints was not known to the Christian church titl toward the middle of the tenth century.
<i>Hoock.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being canonized or sainted.</def>

<h1>Canonize</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Can"on*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Canonized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Canonizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>canoniser</ets> or LL. <ets>canonizare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>canon</ets>.. See <er>Canon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>To declare (a deceased person) a saint; to put in the catalogue of saints; <as>as, Thomas a Becket was <ex>canonized</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To glorify; to exalt to the highest honor.</def>

<blockquote>Fame in time to come <b>canonize</b> us.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rate as inspired; to include in the canon.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Canonry</h1>
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<hw>Can"on*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <er>Canonries</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>A benefice or prebend in a cathedral or collegiate church; a right to a place in chapter and to a portion of its revenues; the dignity or emoluments of a canon.</def>

<h1>Canonship</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Can"on*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of pertaining to Canopus in egypt; <as>as, the <ex>Canopic</ex> vases, used in embalming</as>.</def>

<h1>Canopus</h1>
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<hw>Ca*no"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Canopus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, town of Egypt.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A star of the first magnitude in the southern constellation Argo.</def>

<h1>Canopy</h1>
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<hw>Can"o*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Canopies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Oe. <ets>canopie</ets>, F. <ets>canop\'82</ets>sofa, Of <ets>canop\'82e</ets>, <ets>canopeu</ets>, <ets>canopieu</ets>, canopy, vail, pavilion (cf. It. <ets>canep\'8a</ets>canopy, sofa), LL. <ets>canopeum</ets> a bed with mosquito curtains, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ gnat, <?/ cone + <?/ face. See <er>Cone</er>, and <er>Optic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A covering fixed over a bed, dais, or the like, or carried on poles over an exalted personage or a sacred object, etc. chiefly as a mark of honor.</def> "Golden <i>canoniec</i> and beds of state."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An ornamental projection, over a door, window, niche, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Also, a roofike covering, supported on pilars over an altar, a statue, a fountain, etc.</def>

<h1>Canopy</h1>
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<hw>Can"o*py</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Canopes</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Canopying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover with, or as with, a canopy.</def> "A bank with ivy <i>canopied</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Canorous</h1>
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<hw>Ca*no"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>canorus</ets>, from <ets>nor</ets> melody, fr. <ets>canere</ets> to sing.]</ety> <def>Melodious; musical.</def> "Birds that are most <i>canorous</i>."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<blockquote>A long, lound, and <b>canorous</b> peal of laughter.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Canorousness</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Ca*no"rous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being musical.</def>

<blockquote>He chooses his language for its rich <b>canorousness</b>.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Canstick</h1>
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<hw>Can"stick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Candlestick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cant</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF., edge, angle, prof. from L. <ets>canthus</ets> the iron ring round a carriage wheel, a wheel, Gr. <?/ the corner of the eye, the felly of a wheel; cf. W. <ets>cant</ets> the stake or tire of a wheel. Cf. <er>Canthus</er>, <er>Canton</er>, <er>Cantle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A corner; angle; niche.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The first and principal person in the temple was Irene, or Peace; she was placed aloft in a <b>cant</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An outer or external angle.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An inclination from a horizontal or vertical line; a slope or bevel; a titl.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A sudden thrust, push, kick, or other impulse, producing a bias or change of direction; also, the bias or turn so give; <as>as, to give a ball a <ex>cant</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Coopering)</fld> <def>A segment forming a side piece in the head of a cask.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A segment of he rim of a wooden cogwheel.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of wood laid upon athe deck of a vessel to support the bulkneads.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Cant frames</col>, <col>Cant timbers</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>timber at the two ends of a ship, rising obliquely from the keel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cant</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Cant</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Canted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. N.</tt> <er>Canting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To incline; to set at an angle; to titl over; to tip upon the edge; <as>as, to <ex>cant</ex> a cask; to <ex>cant</ex> a ship.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give a sudden turn or new direction to; <as>as, to <ex>cant</ex> round a stick of timber; to <ex>cant</ex> a football.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cut off an angle from, as from a square piece of timber, or from the head of a bolt.</def>

<h1>Cant</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Cant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from OF. <ets>cant</ets>, F. <ets>chant</ets>, singing, in allusion to the singing or whining tine of voice used by beggars, fr. L. <ets>cantus</ets>. See <er>Chant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An affected, singsong mode of speaking.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The idioms and peculiarities of speech in any sect, class, or occupation.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>cant</b> of any profession.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The use of religious phraseology without understanding or sincerity; empty, solemn speech, implying what is not felt; hypocrisy.</def>

<blockquote>They shall hear no <b>cant</b> from<?/.
<i>F. W. Robertson</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Vulgar jargon; slang; the secret language spoker by gipsies, thieves. tramps, or beggars.</def>

<h1>Cant</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of cant; affected; vulgar.</def>

<blockquote>To introduce and multiply <b>cant</b> words in the most ruinous corruption in any language.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cant</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Cant</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To speak in a whining voice, or an affected, sinsong tone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make whining pretensions to goodness; to talk with an affectation of religion, philanthropy, etc.; to practice hypocrisy; <as>as, a <ex>canting</ex> fanatic</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The rankest rogue that ever <b>canted</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To use pretentious language, barbarous jargon, or technical termes; to talk with an affectation of learning.</def>

<blockquote>The doctor here,
When he discqurseth of dissection,
Of vena cava and of vena porta,
The meser\'91um and the mesentericum,
What does he else but <b>cant</b>.
<i>B. Jonson</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That uncouth affected garb of speech, or <b>canting</b> hanguage, if I may so call it.
<i>Bp. Sanderson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cant</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Cant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from OF. <ets>cant</ets>, equiv. to L. <ets>quantum</ets>; cf. F. <ets>encan</ets>, fr. L. <ets>in quantum</ets>, i.e. "for how much?"]</ety> <def>A all for bidders at a public sale; an auction.</def> "To sell their leases by <i>cant</i>."

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Cant</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Cant</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>to sell by auction, or bid a price at a sale by auction.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Can't</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Can't</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A colloquial contraction for <i>can not</i>.</def>

<h1>Cantab</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Can"tab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbreviated from <ets>Cantabrigian</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Cantabrigian.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Cantabile</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Can*ta"bi*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It., <ets>cantare</ets> to sing.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In a melodious, flowing style; in a singing style, as opposed to <i>bravura</i>, <i>recitativo</i>, or <i>parlando</i>.</def>

<h1>Cantabile</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Can*ta"bi*le</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A piece or pessage, whether vocal or instrumental, pecuilarly adapted to singing; -- sometimes called <i>cantilena</i>.</def>

<h1>Cantabrian</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Can*ta"bri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Cantabria on the Bay of Biscay in Spain.</def>

<h1>Cantabrigian</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Can`ta*brig"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or resident of Cambridge; esp. a student or graduate of the university of Cambridge, England.</def>

<h1>Cantalever</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Can"ta*lev`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Can</ets> an extermal angle + <ets>lever</ets> a supported of the roof timber of a house.]</ety> <ety>[Written also <ets>cantaliver</ets> and <ets>cantilever</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A bracket to support a balcony, a cornice, or the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>A projecting beam, truss, or bridge unsupported at the outer end; one which overhangs.</def>

<cs><col>Cantalever bridge</col>, <cd>a bridge in which the principle of the cantalever is applied. It is usually a trussed bridge, composed of two portions reaching out from opposite banks, and supported near the middle of their own length on piers which they overhang, thus forming cantalevers which meet over the space to be spanned or sustain a third portion, to complete the connection.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cantaloupe</h1>
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<hw>Can"ta*loupe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cantaloup</ets>, It. <ets>cantalupo</ets>, so called from the caste of <ets>Cantalupo</ets>, in the Marca d'Ancona, in Italy, where they were first grown in Europe, from seed said to have been imported from Armenia.]</ety> <def>A muskmelon of several varieties, having when mature, a yellowish skin, and flesh of a reddish orange color.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cantaleup</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cantankerous</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Can*tan"ker*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Perverse; contentious; ugly; malicious.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Can*tan"ker*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Can*tan"ker*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>The <b>cantankerous</b> old maiden aunt.
<i>Theckeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cantar, Cantarro</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw><hw>Can"tar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Can*tar"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>cantaro</ets> (in sense 1), Sp. <ets>cantaro</ets> (in sense 2).]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A weight used in southern Europe and East for heavy articles. It varies in different localities; thus, at Rome it is nearly 75 pounds, in Sardinia nearly 94 pounds, in Cairo it is 95 pounds, in Syria about 503 pounds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A liquid measure in Spain, ranging from two and a half to four gallons.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Cantata</h1>
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<hw>Can*ta"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. <ets>cantare</ets> to sing, fr. L. <ets>cantare</ets> intens of <ets>canere</ets> to sing.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A poem set to music; a musical composition comprising choruses, solos, interludes, etc., arranged in a somewhat dramatic manner; originally, a composition for a single noise, consisting of both recitative and melody.</def>

<h1>Cantation</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Can*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cantatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A singing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Cantatory</h1>
<Xpage=211>

<hw>Cant"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Caontaining cant or affectation; whining; singing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cantatrice</h1>
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<hw>Can`ta*tri"ce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A female professional singer.</def>

<h1>Canted</h1>
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<hw>Cant"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 2d <er>Cant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having angles; <as>as, a six <ex>canted</ex> bolt head; a <ex>canted</ex> window.</as></def>

<cs><col>Canted column</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a column polygonal in plan.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inclined at an angle to something else; tipped; sloping.</def>

<h1>Canteen</h1>
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<hw>Can*teen"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cantine</ets> bottle case, canteen (cf. Sp. & It. <ets>cantina</ets> cellar, bottle case), either contr. fr. It. <ets>canovettina</ets>, dim. of <ets>canova</ets> cellar, or, more likely, fr. OF. <ets>cant</ets>. corner, It. & Sp. <ets>canto</ets>. See 1st <er>Cant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A vessel used by soldiers for carrying water, liquor, or other drink.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cantine</asp>..]</altsp>

<note>&hand; In the English service the <i>canteen</i> is made of wood and holds three pints; in the United States it is usually a tin flask.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sulter's shop in a garrison; also, a chest containing culinary and other vessels for officers.</def>

<h1>Cantel</h1>
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<hw>Can"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cantle</er>.</def>

<h1>Canter</h1>
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<hw>Can"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[An abbreviation of <ets>Caner bury</ets>. See <ets>Canterbury gallop</ets>, under <er>Canterbury</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A moderate and easy gallop adapted to pleasure riding.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>canter</i> is a thoroughly artificial pace, at first extremely tiring to the horse, and generally only to be produced in him by the restraint of a powerful bit, which compels him to throw a great part of his weight on his haunches . . . There is so great a variety in the mode adopted by different horses for performing the canter, that no single description will suffice, nor indeed is it easy . . . to define any one of them.</note>

<i>J. H. Walsh.</i>

<hr>
<page="212">
Page 212<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rapid or easy passing over.</def>

<blockquote>A rapid <b>canter</b> in the Times over all the topics.
<i>Sir J. Stephen.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Canter</h1>
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<hw>Can"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cantered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cantering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To move in a canter.</def>

<h1>Canter</h1>
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<hw>Can"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause, as a horse, to go at a canter; to ride (a horse) at a canter.</def>

<h1>Canter</h1>
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<hw>Cant"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who cants or whines; a beggar.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who makes hypocritical pretensions to goodness; one who uses canting language.</def>

<blockquote>The day when he was a <b>canter</b> and a rebel.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Canterbury</h1>
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<hw>Can"ter*bur*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A city in England, giving its name various articles. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury (primate of all England), and contains the shrine of Thomas \'85 Becket, to which pilgrimages were formerly made.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stand with divisions in it for holding music, loose papers, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Canterbury ball</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of <spn>Campanula</spn> of several varietes, cultivated for its handsome bell-shaped flowers.</cd> -- <col>Canterbury gallop</col>, <cd>a gentle gallop such as was used by pilgrims riding, to Canterbury; a canter. -- Canterbury table, one of the tales which Chaucer puts into the mouths of certain pilgrims to Canterbury. Hence, any tale told by travelers pass away the time.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cantharidal</h1>
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<hw>Can*thar"*i*dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to cantharides or made of cantharides; <as>as, <ex>cantharidal</ex> plaster</as>.</def>

<h1>Cantharides</h1>
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<hw>Can*thar"i*des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>cantharis</er>.</def>

<h1>Cantharidin</h1>
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<hw>Can*thar"i*din</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The active principe of the cantharis, or Spanish fly, a volatile, acrid, bitter solid, crystallizing in four-sided prisms.</def>

<h1>Cantharis</h1>
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<hw>Can"tha*ris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cantharides</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., a kind of beetle, esp. the Spanish fly, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beetle (<spn>Lytta, &or; Cantharis, vesicatoria</spn>), having an elongated cylindrical body of a brilliant green color, and a nauseous odor; the blister fly or blister beetle, of the apothecary; -- also called <altname>Spanish fly</altname>. Many other species of <spn>Lytta</spn>, used for the same purpose, take the same name. See <cref>Blister beetle</cref>, under <er>Blister</er>. The plural form in usually applied to the dried insects used in medicine.</def>

<h1>Cant hook</h1>
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<hw>Cant" hook`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A wooden lever with a movable iron hook. hear the end; -- used for canting or turning over heavy logs, etc.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Canthoplasty</h1>
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<hw>Can"tho*plas`ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/, corner of the eye + <?/ to from.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of forming a new canthus, when one has been destroyed by injury or disease.</def>

<h1>Canthus</h1>
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<hw>Can"thus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Canthi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The corner where the upper and under eyelids meet on each side of the eye.</def>

<h1>Canticle</h1>
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<hw>Can"ti*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Canticles</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>canticulum</ets> a little song, dim. of <ets>canticum</ets> song, fr. <ets>cantus</ets> a singing, fr. <ets>coner</ets> to sing. See <er>Chant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A song; esp. a little song or hymn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl</pluf>. <def>The Song of Songs or Song of Solomon, one of the books of the Old Testament.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A canto or division of a poem</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A psalm, hymn, or passage from the Bible, arranged for chanting in church service.</def>

<h1>Canticoy</h1>
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<hw>Can"ti*coy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of American Indian origin.]</ety> <def>A social gathering; usually, one for dancing.</def>

<h1>Cantile</h1>
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<hw>Can"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Cantle</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Cantilena</h1>
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<hw>Can`ti*le"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. & L.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cantabile</er>.</def>

<h1>Cantilever</h1>
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<hw>Can"ti*lev`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Cantalever</er>.</def>

<h1>Cantillate</h1>
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<hw>Can"til*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cantillatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cantillare</ets> to sing low, dim. of <ets>cantare</ets>. See <er>Cantata</er>.]</ety> <def>To chant; to recite with musical tones.</def>

<i>M. Stuart.</i>

<h1>Cantillation</h1>
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<hw>Can`til*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chanting; recitation or reading with musical modulations.</def>

<h1>Cantine</h1>
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<hw>Can*tine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Canteen</er>.</def>

<h1>Canting</h1>
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<hw>Cant"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Speaking in a whining tone of voice; using technical or religious terms affectedly; affectedly pious; <as>as, a <ex>canting</ex> rogue; a <ex>canting</ex> tone.</as></def>

- <wordforms><wf>Cant"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Cant"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><mcol><col>Canting arms</col>, <col>Canting heraldry</col></mcol> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>bearings in the nature of a rebus alluding to the name of the bearer. Thus, the <i>Castletons<i> bear three castles, and Pope Adrian IV. (Nicholas Breakspeare) bore a broken spear.</cd></cs>

<h1>Canting</h1>
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<hw>Cant"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The use of cant; hypocrisy.</def>

<h1>Cantiniere</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Can`ti*niere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>cantine</ets> a sutler's shop, canteen.]</ety> <fld>(Mil)</fld> <def>A woman who carries a canteen for soldiers; a vivandi\'8are.</def>

<h1>Cantion</h1>
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<hw>Can"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cantio</ets>, from <ets>canere</ets> to sing.]</ety> <def>A song or verses.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Cantle</h1>
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<hw>Can"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cantel</ets>, <ets>chantel</ets>, corner, side, piece, F. <ets>chanteau</ets> a piece cut from a larger piece, dim. of OF. <ets>cant</ets> edge, corner. See 1st <er>Cant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A corner or edge of anything; a piece; a fragment; a part.</def> "In one <i>cantle</i> of his law."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Cuts me from the best of all my land
A huge half moon, a monstrous <b>cantle</b> out.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The upwardly projecting rear part of saddle, opposite to the pommel.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cante</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cantle</h1>
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<hw>Can"tle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cut in pieces; to cut out from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cantile</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cantlet</h1>
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<hw>Cant"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>cantle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A piece; a fragment; a corner.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Canto</h1>
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<hw>Can"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cantos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[It. <ets>canto</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cantus</ets> singing, song. See <er>Chant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the chief divisions of a long poem; a book.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The highest vocal part; the air or melody in choral music; anciently the tenor, now the soprano.</def>

<cs><col>Canto fermo</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the plain ecclesiastical chant in cathedral service; the plain song.</cd></cs>

<h1>Canton</h1>
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<hw>Can"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A song or canto</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Write loyal <b>cantons</b> of contemned love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Canton</h1>
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<hw>Can"ton</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>canton</ets>, augm. of OF. <ets>cant</ets> edge, corner. See 1st <er>Cant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small portion; a division; a compartment.</def>

<blockquote>That little <b>canton</b> of land called the "English pale"
<i>Davies.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is another piece of Holbein's, . . . in which, in six several <b>cantons</b>, the several parts of our Savior's passion are represented.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small community or clan.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small territorial district; esp. one of the twenty-two independent states which form the Swiss federal republic; in France, a subdivision of an arrondissement. See <er>Arrondissement</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A division of a shield occupying one third part of the chief, usually on the dexter side, formed by a perpendicular line from the top of the shield, meeting a horizontal line from the side.</def>

<blockquote>The king gave us the arms of England to be borne in a <b>canton</b> in our arms.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Canton</h1>
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<hw>Can"ton</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cantoned</er> ; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cantoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.<ets>cantonner</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To divide into small parts or districts; to mark off or separate, as a distinct portion or division.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>canton</b> out themselves a little Goshen in the intellectual world.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To allot separate quarters to, as to different parts or divisions of an army or body of troops.</def>

<h1>Cantonal</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Can"ton*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a canton or cantons; of the nature of a canton.</def>

<h1>Canton crape</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Can"ton crape"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A soft, white or colored silk fabric, of a gauzy texture and wavy appearance, used for ladies' scarfs, shawls, bonnet trimmings, etc.; -- called also <altname>Oriental crape</altname>.</def>

<i>De Colange.</i>

<h1>Cantoned</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Can"toned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having a charge in each of the four corners; -- said of a cross on a shield, and also of the shield itself.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Having the angles marked by, or decorated with, projecting moldings or small columns; <as>as, a <ex>cantoned</ex> pier or pilaster</as>.</def>

<h1>Canton flannel</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Can"ton flan"nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Cotton flannel</er>.</def>

<h1>Cantonize</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Can"ton*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To divide into cantons or small districts.</def>

<h1>Cantonment</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Can"ton*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cantonnement</ets>.]</ety> <def>A town or village, or part of a town or village, assigned to a body of troops for quarters; temporary shelter or place of rest for an army; quarters.</def>

<note>&hand; When troops are sheltered in huts or quartered in the houses of the people during any suspension of hostilities, they are said to be in <i>cantonment</i>, or to be cantoned. In India, permanent military stations, or military towns, are termed <i>cantonments</i>.</note>

<h1>Cantoon</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Can*toon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cotton stuff showing a fine cord on one side and a satiny surface on the other.</def>

<h1>Cantor</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Can"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a singer, fr. <ets>caner</ets> to sing.]</ety> <def>A singer; esp. the leader of a church choir; a precentor.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>cantor</b> of the church intones the Te Deum.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cantoral</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Can"tor*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or belonging to a cantor.</def>

<cs><col>Cantoral staff</col>, <cd>the official staff or baton of a cantor or precentor, with which time is marked for the singers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cantoris</h1>
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<hw>Can*to"ris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L., lit., of the cantor, gen. of <ets>cantor</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a cantor; <as>as, the <ex>cantoris</ex> side of a choir; a <ex>cantoris</ex> stall.</as></def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Cantrap, Cantrip</h1>
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<hw><hw>Can"trap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Can"trip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>gandar</ets>, ODan. & OSw. <ets>gan</ets>, witchcraft, and E. <ets>trap</ets> a snare, <ets>tramp</ets>.]</ety> <def>A charm; an incantation; a shell; a trick; adroit mischief.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cantraip</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Cantred, Cantref</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw><hw>Can"tred</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Can"tref</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>cantref</ets>; <ets>cant</ets> hundred + <ets>tref</ets> dwelling place, village.]</ety> <def>A district comprising a hundred villages, as in Wales.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kantry</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Canty</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Can"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cheerful; sprightly; lively; merry.</def> "The <i>canty</i> dame."

<i>Wordsworth <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark></i>

<blockquote>Contented with little, and <b>canty</b> with mair.
<i>Burns.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Canuck</h1>
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<hw>Ca*nuck"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A Canadian.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small or medium-sized hardy horse, common in Canada.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Canula, n., Canular, a., Canulated</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw><hw>Can"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Can"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>Can"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Cannula</er>, <er>Cannular</er>, and <er>Cannulated</er>.</def>

<h1>Canvas</h1>
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<hw>Can"vas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>canvas</ets>, <ets>canevas</ets>, F. <ets>canevas</ets>, LL. <ets>canabacius</ets> hempen cloth, canvas, L. <ets>cannabis</ets> hemp, fr. G. <?/. See <er>Hemp</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A strong cloth made of hemp, flax, or cotton; -- used for tents, sails, etc.</def>

<blockquote>By glimmering lanes and walls of <b>canvas</b> led.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A coarse cloth so woven as to form regular meshes for working with the needle, as in tapestry, or worsted work.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A piece of strong cloth of which the surface has been prepared to receive painting, commonly painting in oil.</def>

<blockquote>History . . . does not bring out clearly upon the <b>canvas</b> the details which were familiar.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Something for which canvas is used: <sd>(a)</sd> A sail, or a collection of sails. <sd>(b)</sd> A tent, or a collection of tents. <sd>(c)</sd> A painting, or a picture on canvas.</def>

<blockquote>To suit his <b>canvas</b> to the roughness of the see.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Light, rich as that which glows on the <b>canvas</b> of Claude.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A rough draft or model of a song, air, or other literary or musical composition; esp. one to show a poet the measure of the verses he is to make.</def>

<i>Grabb.</i>

<h1>Canvas</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Can"vas</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of, pertaining to, or resembling, canvas or coarse cloth; <as>as, a <ex>canvas</ex> tent</as>.</def>

<h1>Canvasback</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Can"vas*back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Species of duck (<spn>Aythya vallisneria</spn>), esteemed for the delicacy of its flesh. It visits the United States in autumn; particularly Chesapeake Bay and adjoining waters; -- so named from the markings of the plumage on its back.</def>

<h1>Canvass</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Can"vass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>canvassed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Canvassing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>Canabasser</ets> to examine curiously, to search or sift out; properly, to sift through canvas. See <er>Canvas</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sift; to strain; to examine thoroughly; to scrutinize; <as>as, to <ex>canvass</ex> the votes cast at an election; to <ex>canvass</ex> a district with reference to its probable vote.</as></def>

<blockquote>I have made careful search on all hands, and <b>canvassed</b> the matter with all possible diligence.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To examine by discussion; to debate.</def>

<blockquote>An opinion that we are likely soon to <b>canvass</b>.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To go trough, with personal solicitation or public addresses; <as>as, to <ex>canvass</ex> a district for votes; to <ex>canvass</ex> a city for subscriptions.</as></def>

<h1>Canvass</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Can"vass</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To search thoroughly; to engage in solicitation by traversing a district; <as>as, to <ex>canvass</ex> for subscriptions or for votes; to <ex>canvass</ex> for a book, a publisher, or in behalf of a charity</as>; -- commonly followed by <i>for</i>.</def>

<h1>Canvass</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Can"vass</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Close inspection; careful review for verification; <as>as, a <ex>canvass</ex> of votes</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Examination in the way of discussion or debate.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Search; exploration; solicitation; systematic effort to obtain votes, subscribers, etc.</def>

<blockquote>No previous <b>canvass</b> was made for me.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Canvasser</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Can"vass*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who canvasses.</def>

<h1>Cany</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Can"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cane</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to cane or canes; abounding with canes.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Canyon</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Can"yon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The English form of the Spanish word <er>Ca\'a4on</er>.</def>

<h1>Canzone</h1>
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<hw>Can*zo"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., a song, fr. L. <ets>cantio</ets>, fr. <ets>canere</ets> to sing. Cf. <er>Chanson</er>, <er>Chant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A song or air for one or more voices, of Proven\'87al origin, resembling, though not strictly, the madrigal.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An instrumental piece in the madrigal style.</def>

<h1>Canzonet</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Can`zo*net"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>canzonetta</ets>, dim. of <ets>canzone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short song, in one or more parts.</def>

<h1>Caoutchin</h1>
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<hw>Caout"chin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An inflammable, volatile, oily, liquid hydrocarbon, obtained by the destructive distillation of caoutchouc.</def>

<h1>Caoutchouc</h1>
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<hw>Caout"chouc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>caoutchouc</ets>, from the South American name.]</ety> <def>A tenacious, elastic, gummy substance obtained from the milky sap of several plants of tropical South America (esp. the euphorbiaceous tree <spn>Siphonia elastica</spn> or <spn>Hevea caoutchouc</spn>), Asia, and Africa. Being impermeable to liquids and gases, and not readly affected by exposure to air, acids, and alkalies, it is used, especially when vulcanized, for many purposes in the arts and in manufactures. Also called <altname>India rubber</altname> (because it was first brought from India, and was formerly used chiefly for erasing pencil marks) and <altname>gum elastic</altname>. See <er>Vulcanization</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Mineral caoutchouc</col>. <cd>See under <er>Mineral</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Caoutchoucin</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Caout"chou*cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Caoutchin</er>.</def>

<h1>Cap</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Cap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cappe</ets>, AS. <ets>c\'91ppe</ets>, cap, cape, hood, fr. LL, <ets>cappa</ets>, <ets>capa</ets>; perhaps of Iberian origin, as Isidorus of Seville mentions it first: "<ets>Capa</ets>, quia quasi totum capiat hominem; it. capitis ornamentum." See 3d <er>Cape</er>, and cf. 1st <er>Cope</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A covering for the head</def>; esp. <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One usually with a visor but without a brim, for men and boys</def>; <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of lace, muslin, etc., for women, or infants</def>; <sd>(c)</sd> <def>One used as the mark or ensign of some rank, office, or dignity, as that of a cardinal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The top, or uppermost part; the chief.</def>

<blockquote>Thou art the <b>cap</b> of all the fools alive.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A respectful uncovering of the head.</def>

<blockquote>He that will give a <b>cap</b> and make a leg in thanks.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The whole top of the head of a bird from the base of the bill to the nape of the neck.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Anything resembling a cap in form, position, or use</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The uppermost of any assemblage of parts; <as>as, the <ex>cap</ex> of column, door, etc.</as>; a capital, coping, cornice, lintel, or plate.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Something covering the top or end of a thing for protection or ornament.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A collar of iron or wood used in joining spars, as the mast and the topmast, the bowsprit and the jib boom; also, a covering of tarred canvas at the end of a rope.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A percussion cap. See under <er>Percussion</er>.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The removable cover of a journal box.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A portion of a spherical or other convex surface.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A large size of writing paper; <as>as, flat <ex>cap</ex>; fools<ex>cap</ex>; legal <ex>cap</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>Cap of a cannon</col>, <cd>a piece of lead laid over the vent to keep the priming dry; -- now called an <i>apron<i>.</cd> -- <col>Cap in hand</col>, <cd>obsequiously; submissively.</cd> -- <col>Cap of liberty</col>. <cd>See <cref>Liberty cap</cref>, under <er>Liberty</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cap of maintenance</col>, <cd>a cap of state carried before the kings of England at the coronation. It is also carried before the mayors of some cities.</cd> -- <col>Cap money</col>, <cd>money collected in a cap for the huntsman at the death of the fox.</cd> -- <col>Cap paper</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A kind of writing paper including flat cap, foolsap, and legal cap.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A coarse wrapping paper used for making caps to hold commodities.</cd> <col>Cap rock</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>The layer of rock next overlying ore, generally of barren vein material.</cd> -- <col>Flat cap</col>, <cd>cap See <er>Foolscap</er>.</cd> -- <col>Forage cap</col>, <cd>the cloth undress head covering of an officer of soldier.</cd> -- <col>Legal cap</col>, <cd>a kind of folio writing paper, made for the use of lawyers, in long narrow sheets which have the fold at the top or "narrow edge.</cd>" -- <col>To set one's cap</col>, <cd>to make a fool of one. <mark>(Obs.)</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>To set one's cap for</col>, <cd>to try to win the favor of a man with a view to marriage. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Cap</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Cap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Capped</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Capping</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> To cover with a cap, or as with a cap; to provide with a cap or cover; to cover the top or end of; to place a cap upon the proper part of; <as>as, to <ex>cap</ex> a post; to <ex>cap</ex> a gun</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The bones next the joint are <b>capped</b> with a smooth cartilaginous substance.
<i>Derham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive of cap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To complete; to crown; to bring to the highest point or consummation; <as>as, to <ex>cap</ex> the climax of absurdity</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To salute by removing the cap.</def> <mark>[Slang. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>Tom . . . <b>capped</b> the proctor with the profoundest of bows.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To match; to mate in contest; to furnish a complement to; <as>as, to <ex>cap</ex> text; to <ex>cap proverbs.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Now I have him under girdle I'll <b>cap</b> verses with him to the end of the chapter.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In <i>capping</i> verses, when one quotes a verse another must <i>cap</i> it by quoting one beginning with the last letter of the first letter, or with the first letter of the last word, or ending with a rhyming word, or by applying any other arbitrary rule may be agreed upon.</note>

<h1>Cap</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Cap</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To uncover the head respectfully.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Capability</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Ca`pa*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Capabilities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> The quality of being capable; capacity; capableness; esp. intellectual power or ability.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>capability</b> to take a thousand views of a subject.
<i>H. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capacity of being used or improved.</def>

<h1>Capable</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Ca"pa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>capable</ets>, LL. <ets>capabilis</ets> capacious, capable, fr. L. <ets>caper</ets> to take, contain. See <er>Heave</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessing ability, qualification, or susceptibility; having capacity; of sufficient size or strength; <as>as, a room <ex>capable</ex> of holding a large number; a castle <ex>capable</ex> of resisting a long assault.</as></def>

<blockquote>Concious of jou and <b>capable</b> of pain.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Possessing adequate power; qualified; able; fully competent; <as>as, a <ex>capable</ex> instructor; a <ex>capable</ex> judge; a mind <ex>capable</ex> of nice investigations.</as></def>

<blockquote>More <b>capable</b> to discourse of battles than to give them.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Possessing legal power or capacity; <as>as, a man <ex>capable</ex> of making a contract, or a will</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Capacious; large; comprehensive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Capable</i> is usually followed by <i>of</i>, sometimes by an infinitive.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Able; competent; qualified; fitted; efficient; effective; skillful.</syn>

<h1>Capableness</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Ca"pa*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being capable; capability; adequateness; competency.</def>

<h1>Capacify</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Ca*pac"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Capacified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>capax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, capacious + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To quality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The benefice he is <b>capacified</b> and designed for.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Capacious</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Ca*pa"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capaz</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, fr. <ets>capere</ets> to take. See <er>Heave</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having capacity; able to contain much; large; roomy; spacious; extended; broad; <as>as, a <ex>capacious</ex> vessel, room, bay, or harbor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In the <b>capacious</b> recesses of his mind.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Able or qualified to make large views of things, as in obtaining knowledge or forming designs; comprehensive; liberal.</def> "A <i>capacious</i> mind."

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Capaciosly</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Ca*pa"cios*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a capacious manner or degree; comprehensively.</def>

<h1>Capaciousness</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Ca*pa"cious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being capacious, as of a vessel, a reservoir a bay, the mind, etc.</def>

<h1>Capacitate</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Ca*pac"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Capacitated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Capacitating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To render capable; to enable; to qualify.</def>

<blockquote>By thih instruction we may be <b>capaciated</b> to observe those errors.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Capacity</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Ca*pac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Capacities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capacitus</ets>, fr. <ets>capax</ets>, <ets>capacis</ets>; fr. F. <ets>capacit\'82</ets>. See <er>Capacious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The power of receiving or containing; extent of room or space; passive power; -- used in reference to physical things.</def>

<blockquote>Had our great palace the <b>capacity</b>
To camp this host, we all would sup together.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>capacity</b> of the exhausted cylinder.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The power of receiving and holding ideas, knowledge, etc.; the comprehensiveness of the mind; the receptive faculty; capability of undestanding or feeling.</def>

<blockquote><b>Capacity</b> is now properly limited to these [the mere passive operations of the mind]; its primary signification, which is literally <b>room for</b>, as well as its employment, favars this; although it can not be dented that there are examples of its usage in an active sense.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Ability; power pertaining to, or resulting from, the possession of strength, wealth, or talent; possibility of being or of doing.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>capacity</b> of blessing the people.
<i>Alex. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A cause with such <b>capacities</b> endued.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Outward condition or circumstances; occupation; profession; character; position; <as>as, to work in the <ex>capacity</ex> of a mason or a carpenter</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Legal or noral qualification, as of age, residence, character, etc., necessary for certain purposes, as for holding office, for marrying, for making contracts, will, etc.; legal power or right; competency.</def>

<cs><col>Capacity for heat</col>, <cd>the power of absorbing heat. Substances differ in the amount of heat requisite to raise them a given number of thermometric degrees, and this difference is the measure of, or depends upon, whzt is called their <i>capacity for heat<i>. See <cref>Specific heat</cref>, under <er>Heat</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Ability; faculty; talent; capability; skill; efficiency; cleverness. See <er>Ability</er>.</syn>

<h1>Capape</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Cap`*a*pe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>See <er>Cap-a-pie</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Capapie</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Cap`*a*pie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OF. (<?/) <ets>cap-a-pie</ets>, from head to foot, now <ets>de pied en cap</ets> from foot to head; L. <ets>per</ets> foot + <ets>caput</ets> head.]</ety> <def>From head to foot; at all points.</def> "He was armed <i>cap-a-pie</i>."

<i>Prescott.</i>

<h1>Caparison</h1>
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<hw>Ca*par"i*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>capara<?/on</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>caparazon</ets> a cover for a saddle, coach, etc.; <ets>capa</ets> cloak, cover (fr. LL. <ets>capa</ets>, cf. LL. <ets>caparo</ets> also fr. <ets>capa</ets>) + the term. <ets>azon</ets>. See <er>Cap</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ornamental covering or housing for a horse; the harness or trappings of a horse, taken collectively, esp. when decorative.</def>

<blockquote>Their horses clothed with rich <b>caparison</b>.
<i>Drylen.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gay or rich clothing.</def>

<blockquote>My heart groans beneath the gay <b>caparison</b>.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Caparison</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Ca*par"i*son</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Caparisoned</er> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Caparisoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F <ets>capara\'87onner</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover with housings, as a horse; to harness or fit out with decorative trappings, as a horse.</def>

<blockquote>The steeds, <b>caparisoned</b> with purple, stand.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To aborn with rich dress; to dress.</def>

<blockquote>I am <b>caparisoned</b> like a man.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Caparro</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Ca*par"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large South American monkey (<spn>Lagothrix Humboldtii</spn>), with prehensile tail.</def>

<h1>Capcase</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Cap"case`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small traveling case or bandbox; formerly, a chest.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>capcase</b> for your linen and your plate.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cape</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Cape</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cap</ets>, fr. It. <ets>capo</ets> head, cape, fr. L. <ets>caput</ets> heat, end, point. See <er>Chief</er>.]</ety> <def>A piece or point of land, extending beyind the adjacent coast into the sea or a lake; a promonotory; a headland.</def>

<cs><col>Cape buffalo</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>a large and powerful buffalo of South Africa (<spn>Bubalus Caffer</spn>). It is said to be the most dangerous wild beast of Africa. See <er>Buffalo</er>, 2.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cape jasmine</col>, <col>Cape jassamine</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Jasmine</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cape pigeon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a petrel (<spn>Daptium Capense</spn>) common off the Cape of Good Hope. It is about the size of a pigeon.</cd> -- <col>Cape wine</col>, <cd>wine made in South Africa <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd> -- <col>The Cape</col>, <cd>the Cape of Good Hope, in the general sense of southern extremity of Africa. Also used of Cape Horn, and, in New England, of Cape Cod.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cape</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Cape</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To head or point; to keep a course; <as>as, the ship <ex>capes</ex> southwest by south</as>.</def>

<h1>Cape</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Cape</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>Cape</ets>, fr. F. <ets>cape</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>cappa</ets>. See <er>Cap</er>, and cf. 1st <er>Cope</er>, <er>Chape</er>.]</ety> <def>A sleeveless garment or part of a garment, hanging from the neck over the back, arms, and shoulders, but not reaching below the hips. See <er>Cloak</er>.</def>

<h1>Cape</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Cape</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gape</er>.]</ety> <def>To gape.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Capel, Caple</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw><hw>Ca"pel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ca"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>kapall</ets>; cf. L. <ets>caballus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A horse; a nag.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Holland.</i>

<h1>Capel</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Ca"pel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A composite stone (quartz, schorl, and hornlende) in the walls of tin and copper lodes.</def>

<h1>Capelan</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Cap"e*lan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Capelin</er>.</def>

<h1>Capelin</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Cape"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>capelan</ets>, <ets>caplan</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small marine fish (<spn>Mallotus villosus</spn>) of the family <i>Salmonid\'91</i>, very abundant on the coasts of Greenland, Iceland, Newfoundland, and Alaska. It is used as a bait for the cod.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>capelan</asp> and <asp>caplin</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; This fish, which is like a smelt, is called by the Spaniards <i>anchova</i>, and by the Portuguese <i>capelina</i>.</note>

<i>Fisheries of U. S. (1884).</i>

<h1>Cappeline</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Cap"pe*line`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>capella</ets>. See <er>Chapel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A hood-shaped bandage for the head, the shoulder, or the stump of an amputated limb.</def>

<h1>Capella</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Ca*pel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a little goet, dim. of <ets>caper</ets> a goat.]</ety> <fld>(Asrton.)</fld> <def>A brilliant star in the constellation Auriga.</def>

<h1>Capellane</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Cap"el*lane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chaplain</er>.]</ety> <def>The curate of a chapel; a chaplain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Capelle</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Ca*pel"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The private orchestra or band of a prince or of a church.</def>

<h1>Capellet</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Cap"el*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>capelet</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A swelling, like a wen, on the point of the elbow (or the heel of the hock) of a horse, caused probably by bruises in lying dowm.</def>

<h1>Capellmeister</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pell"meis`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., fr. <ets>capelle</ets> chapel, private band of a prince + <ets>meister</ets> a master.]</ety> <def>The musical director in royal or ducal chapel; a choirmaster.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kepellmeister</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Caper</h1>
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<hw>Ca"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Capered</er> <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>capering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From older <ets>capreoll</ets> to caper, cf. F.  <ets>se cabrer</ets> to prance; all ultimately fr. L. <ets>caper</ets>, <ets>capra</ets>, goat. See <er>Capriole</er>.]</ety> <def>To leap or jump about in a sprightly manner; to cut capers; to skip; to spring; to prance; to dance.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>capers</b>, he dances, he has eyes of youth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Caper</h1>
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<hw>Ca"per</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A frolicsome leap or spring; a skip; a jump, as in mirth or dancing; a prank.</def>

<cs><col>To cut a caper</col>, <cd>to frolic; to make a sportive spring; to play a prank.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Caper</h1>
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<hw>Ca"per</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>kaper</ets>.]</ety> <def>A vessel formerly used by the Dutch, privateer.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Caper</h1>
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<hw>Ca"per</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>c\'83pre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>capparis</ets>, Gr. <?/; cf. Ar. & Per. <ets>al-kabar</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The pungent grayish green flower bud of the European and Oriental caper (<spn>Capparis spinosa</spn>), much used for pickles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Capparis</spn>; -- called also <altname>caper bush</altname>, <altname>caper tree</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The <spn>Capparis spinosa</spn> is a low prickly shrub of the Mediterranean coasts, with trailing branches and brilliant flowers; -- cultivated in the south of Europe for its buds. The <spn>C. sodada</spn> is an almost leafless spiny shrub of central Africa (Soudan), Arabia, and southern India, with edible berries.</note>

<cs><col>Bean caper</col>. <cd>See <er>Bran caper</er>, in the <er>Vocabulary</er>.</cd> -- <col>Caper sauce</col>, <cd>a kind of sauce or catchup made of capers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Caperberry</h1>
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<hw>Ca"per*ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The small olive-shaped berry of the European and Oriental caper, said to be used in pickles and as a condiment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The currantlike fruit of the African and Arabian caper (<spn>Capparis sodado</spn>).</def>

<h1>Caper bush, Caper tree</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ca"per bush`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ca"per tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw><def>See <er>Capper</er>, a plant, 2.</def>

<h1>Capercailzie, or Capercally</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ca"per*cail`zie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, or <hw>Ca"per*cal`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael, <ets>capulcoile</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of grouse (<spn>Tetrao uragallus</spn>) of large size and fine flavor, found in northern Europe and formerly in Scotland; -- called also <altname>cock of the woods</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>capercaillie</asp>, <asp>capercaili</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Caperclaw</h1>
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<hw>Ca"per*claw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat with cruel playfulness, as a cat treats a mouse; to abuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Birch.</i>

<h1>Caperer</h1>
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<hw>Ca"per*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who capers, leaps, and skips about, or dances.</def>

<blockquote>The nimble <b>capperer</b> on the cord.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Capful</h1>
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<hw>Cap"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <er>Capfuls</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <def>As much as will fill a cap.</def>

<cs><col>A capful of wind</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a light puff of wind.</cd></cs>

<h1>Capias</h1>
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<hw>Ca"pi*as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. thou mayst take.]</ety> <fld>(Low)</fld> <def>A writ or process commanding the officer to take the body of the person named in it, that is, to arrest him; -- also called <altname>writ of capias</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; One principal kind of <i>capias</i> is a writ by which actions at law are frequently commenced; another is a writ of execution issued after judgment to satisfy damages recovered; a <i>capias</i> in criminal law is the process to take a person charged on an indictment, when he is not in custody.

<i>Burrill. Wharton.</i>
</note>

<h1>Capibara</h1>
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<hw>Ca`pi*ba"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Capybara</er>.</def>

<h1>Capillaceous</h1>
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<hw>Cap`il*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capillaceus</ets> hairy, fr. <ets>capillus</ets> hair.]</ety> <def>Having long filaments; resembling a hair; slender. See <er>Capillary</er>.</def>

<h1>Capillaire</h1>
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<hw>Cap`il*laire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>capillaire</ets> maiden-hair; sirop de <ets>capillaire</ets> capillaire; fr. L. herba <ets>capillaris</ets> the maidenhair.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sirup prepared from the maiden-hair, formerly supposed to have medicinal properties.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any simple sirup flavored with orange flowers.</def>

<h1>Capillament</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pil"la*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capillamentum</ets>, fr. <ets>capillus</ets> hair: cf. F. <ets>capillament</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A filament.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Any villous or hairy covering; a fine fiber or filament, as of the nerves.</def>

<h1>Capillariness</h1>
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<hw>Cap"il*la*ri*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being capillary.</def>

<h1>Capillarity</h1>
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<hw>Cap`il*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>capillarit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or condition of being capillary.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The peculiar action by which the surface of a liquid, where it is in contact with a solid (as in a capillary tube), is elevated or depressed; capillary attraction.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Capillarity</i> depends upon the relative attaction of the modecules of the liquid for each other and for those of the solid, and is especially observable in capillary tubes, where it determines the ascent or descent of the liquid above or below the level of the liquid which the tube is dipped; -- hence the name\'3c-- it is especially important in certain plants, to allow flow of water from the roots --\'3e.</note>

<h1>Capillary</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Cap"il*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capillaris</ets>, fr. <ets>capillus</ets> hair. Cf. <er>Capillaire</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resembling a hair; fine; minute; very slender; having minute tubes or interspaces; having very small bore; <as>as, the <ex>capillary</ex> vessels of animals and plants</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to capillary tubes or vessels; <as>as, <ex>capillary</ex> action</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Capillary attraction</col>, <col>Capillary repulsion</col></mcol>, <cd>the apparent attraction or repulsion between a soild and liquid caused bycapillarity. See <er>Capillarity</er>, and <er>Attraction</er>.</cd> -- <col>Capillarity tubes</col>. <cd>See the <er>Note</er> under <er>Capillarity</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Capillary</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Cap"il*la*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl., <er>Capillaries</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tube or vessel, extremely fine or minute.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A minute, thin-walled vessel; particularly one of the smallest blood vessels connecting arteries and veins, but used also for the smallest lymphatic and biliary vessels.</def>

<h1>Capillation</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Cap`il*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capillatie</ets> the hair.]</ety> <def>A capillary blood vessel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Capillature</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pil"la*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capillatura</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bush of hair; frizzing of the hair.</def>

<i>Clarke.</i>

<h1>Capilliform</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pil"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capillus</ets> hair + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the shape or form of, a hair, or of hairs.</def>

<h1>Capillose</h1>
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<hw>Cap"il*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capillosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having much hair; hairy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Capistrate</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pis"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capistratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>capistrare</ets> halter.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Hooded; cowled.</def>

<h1>Capital</h1>
<Xpage=212>

<hw>Cap"i*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>capital</ets>, L. <ets>capitalis</ets> capital (in senses 1 & 2), fr. <ets>caput</ets> head. See <er>Chief</er>, and cf. <er>Capital</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the head.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Needs must the Serpent now his <b>capital</b> bruise
Expect with mortal pain.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having reference to, or involving, the forfeiture of the head or life; affecting life; punishable with death; <as>as, <ex>capital</ex> trials; <ex>capital</ex> punishment.</as></def>

<blockquote>Many crimes that are <b>capital</b> among us.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To put to death a <b>capital</b> offender.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>First in importance; chief; principal.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>capital</b> article in religion
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whatever is <b>capital</b> and essential in Christianity.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Chief, in a political sense, as being the seat of the general government of a state or nation; <as>as, Washington and Paris are <ex>capital</ex> cities</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Of first rate quality; excellent; <as>as, a <ex>capital</ex> speech or song</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="214">
Page 214<p>

<cs><col>Capital letter</col> <ety>[F, <ets>lettre capitale<ets>]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a leading or heading letter, used at the beginning of a sentence and as the first letter of certain words, distinguished, for the most part, both by different form and larger size, from the small (<i>lower-case<i>) letters, which form the greater part of common print or writing.</cd> -- <col>Small capital letters</col> <cd>have the form of capital letters and height of the body of the lower-case letters.</cd> -- <col>Capital stock</col>, <cd>money, property, or stock invested in any business, or the enterprise of any corporation or institution.</cd>

<i>Abbott.</i>
</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Chief; leading; controlling; prominent.</syn>

<h1>Capital</h1>
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<hw>Cap"i*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>capitellum</ets> and <ets>Capitulum</ets>, a small head, the head, top, or capital of a column, dim. of <ets>caput</ets> head; F. <ets>chapiteau</ets>, OF. <ets>capitel</ets>. See <er>Chief</er>, and cf. <er>Cattle</er>, <er>Chattel</er>, <er>Chapiter</er>, <er>Chapter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The head or uppermost member of a column, pilaster, etc. It consists generally of three parts, <i>abacus</i>, <i>bell</i> (or <i>vase</i>), and <i>necking</i>. See these terms, and <er>Column</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>capilate</ets>, fem., sc. <ets>ville</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>The seat of government; the chief city or town in a country; a metropolis.</def> "A busy and splendid <i>capital</i>"

<i>Macauly.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>capital</ets>.]</ety> <def>Money, property, or stock employed in trade, manufactures, etc.; the sum invested or lent, as distinguished from the income or interest. See <cref>Capital stock</cref>, under <er>Capital</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Polit. Econ.)</fld> <def>That portion of the produce of industry, which may be directly employed either to support human beings or to assist in production.</def>

<i>M'Culloch.</i>

<note>&hand; When wealth is used to assist production it is called <i>capital</i>. The capital of a civilized community includes <i>fixed capital</i> (i.e. buildings, machines, and roads used in the course of production and exchange) amd <i>circulating capital</i> (i.e., food, fuel, money, etc., spent in the course of production and exchange).</note>

<i>T. Raleing.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Anything which can be used to increase one's power or influence.</def>

<blockquote>He tried to make <b>capital</b> out of his rival's discomfiture.
<i>London Times.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>An imaginary line dividing a bastion, ravelin, or other work, into two equal parts.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A chapter, or section, of a book.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Holy St. Bernard hath said in the 59th <b>capital</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Capital letter</cref>, under <er>Capital</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Active capital</col>. <cd>See under <er>Active</er>,</cd> -- <col>Small capital</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a small capital letter. See under <er>Capital</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>To live on one's capital</col>, <cd>to consume one's capital without producing or accumulating anything to replace it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Capitalist</h1>
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<hw>Cap"i*tal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>capitaliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who has capital; one who has money for investment, or money invested; esp. a person of large property, which is employed in business.</def>

<blockquote>The expenditure of the <b>capitalist</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Capitalization</h1>
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<hw>Cap"i*tal*i*za`tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of capitalizing.</def>

<h1>Capitalize</h1>
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<hw>Cap"i*tal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Capitalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Capitalizing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To convert into capital, or to use as capital.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To compute, appraise, or assess the capital value of (a patent right, an annuity, etc.)</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To print in capital letters, or with an initial capital.</def>

<h1>Capitally</h1>
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<hw>Cap*i*tal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a way involving the forfeiture of the head or life; <as>as, to punish <ex>capitally</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a capital manner; excellently.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Capitalness</h1>
<Xpage=214>

<hw>Cap"i*tal*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being capital; preeminence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Capitan Pasha or Pacha</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ca`pi*tan` Pa*sha`</hw> or <hw>Pa*cha`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <ety>[See <er>capitan</er>.]</ety> <def>The chief admiral of the Turkish fleet.</def>

<h1>Capitate</h1>
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<hw>Cap"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capitatus</ets> fr. <ets>caput</ets> head.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Headlike in form; also, having the distal end enlarged and rounded, as the stigmas of certain flowers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the flowers gathered into a head.</def>

<h1>Capitatim</h1>
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<hw>Cap`i*ta"tim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Of so much per head; <as>as, a <ex>capitatim</ex> tax; a <ex>capitatim</ex> grant.</as></def>

<h1>Capitation</h1>
<Xpage=214>

<hw>Cap`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capitatio</ets> a poll tax, fr. <ets>caput</ets> head; cf. F. <ets>capitation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A numbering of heads or individuals.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tax upon each head or person, without reference to property; a poll tax.</def>

<h1>Capite</h1>
<Xpage=214>

<hw>Cap"i*te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., abl. of <ets>caput</ets> head.]</ety> <def>See under <er>Tenant</er>.</def>

<h1>Capitellate</h1>
<Xpage=214>

<hw>Cap`i*tel"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capitellum</ets>, dim. of <ets>caput</ets> head.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a very small knoblike termination, or collected into minute capitula.</def>

<h1>Capitibranchiata</h1>
<Xpage=214>

<hw>Cap`i*ti*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>caput</ets>, <ets>capitis</ets>, head + <ets>-branchiae</ets> gills.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of annelids in which the gills arise from or near the head. See <er>Tubicola</er>.</def>

<h1>Capitol</h1>
<Xpage=214>

<hw>Cap"i*tol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[L. <ets>capitolium</ets>, fr. <ets>caput</ets> head: cf. F. <ets>capitole</ets>. See <er>Chief</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The temple of Jupiter, at Rome, on the Mona Capitolinus, where the Senate met.</def>

<blockquote>Comes C\'91sar to the <b>Capitol</b> to-morrow?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The edifice at Washington occupied by the Congress of the United States; also, the building in which the legislature of State holds its sessions; a statehouse.</def>

<h1>Capitolian, Capitoline</h1>
<Xpage=214>

<hw><hw>Cap`i*to"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cap"i*to*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capitolinus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>capitolin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Capitol in Rome.</def> "<i>Capitolian</i> Jove."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<cs><col>Capitoline games</col> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>annual games instituted at Rome by Camillus, in honor of Jupter Capitolinus, on account of the preservation of the Capitol from the Gauls; when reinstituted by Domitian, arter a period of neglect, they were held every fifth year.</cd></cs>

<h1>Capitula</h1>
<Xpage=214>

<hw>Ca*pit"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Capitulum</er>.</def>

<h1>Capitular</h1>
<Xpage=214>

<hw>Ca*pit"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>capitulare</ets>, <ets>capitularium</ets>, fr. L. <ets>capitulum</ets> a small head, a chapter, dim. of <ets>capit</ets> head, chapter.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An act passed in a chapter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of a chapter.</def>

<blockquote>The chapter itself, and all its members or <b>capitulars</b>.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The head or prominent part.</def>

<h1>Capitular</h1>
<Xpage=214>

<hw>Ca*pit"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a chapter; capitulary.</def>

<blockquote>From the pope to the member of the <b>capitular</b> body.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing in, or pertaining to, a capitulum.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a capitulum; <as>as, the <ex>capitular</ex> process of a vetebra, the process which articulates with the capitulum of a rib</as>.</def>

<h1>Capitularly</h1>
<Xpage=214>

<hw>Ca*pit"u*lar*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner or form of an ecclesiastical chapter.</def>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Capitulary</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pit"u*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Capitularies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Capitular</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A capitular.</plu></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The body of laws or statutes of a chapter, or of an ecclesiastical council.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A collection of laws or statutes, civil and ecclesiastical, esp. of the Frankish kings, in chapters or sections.</def>

<blockquote>Several of Charlemagne's <b>capitularies</b>.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Capitulary</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pit"u*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the chapter of a cathedral; capitular.</def> "<i>Capitulary</i> acts."

<i>Warton.</i>

<h1>Capitulate</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pit"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Capitulated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Capitulating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>capitulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>capitulare</ets> to capitulate: cf. F. <ets>capituler</ets>. See <er>Capitular</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To settle or draw up the heads or terms of an agreement, as in chapters or articles; to agree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There <b>capitulates</b> with the king . . . to take to wife his daughter Mary.
<i>Heylin.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is no reason why the reducing of any agreement to certain heads or capitula should not be called to <b>capitulate</b>.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To surrender on terms agreed upon (usually, drawn up under several heads); <as>as, an army or a garrison <ex>capitulates</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The Irish, after holding out a week, <b>capitulated</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Capitulate</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pit"u*late</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surrender or transfer, as an army or a fortress, on certain conditions.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Capitulation</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pit`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>capitulation</ets>, LL. <ets>capitulatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A reducing to heads or articles; a formal agreement.</def>

<blockquote>With special <b>capitulation</b> that neither the Scots nor the French shall refortify.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of capitulating or surrendering to an emeny upon stipulated terms.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The instrument containing the terms of an agreement or surrender.</def>

<h1>Capitulator</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pit"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>One who capitulates.</def>

<h1>Capitule</h1>
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<hw>Cap"i*tule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capitulum</ets> small head, chapter.]</ety> <def>A summary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Capitulum</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pit"u*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <er>Capitula</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[L., a small head.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thick head of flowers on a very short axis, as a clover top, or a dandelion; a composite flower. A capitulum may be either globular or flat.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A knobike protuberance of any part, esp. at the end of a bone or cartilage. <note>[See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Artiodactyla</er>.]</note></def>

<h1>Capivi</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pi"vi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Copaiba</er>.]</ety> <def>A balsam of the Spanish West Indies. See <er>Copaiba</er>.</def>

<h1>Caple</h1>
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<hw>Ca"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Capel</er>.</def>

<h1>Caplin</h1>
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<hw>Cap"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Capelin</er>.</def>

<h1>Caplin, Capling</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cap"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cap"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The cap or coupling of a flail, through which the thongs pass which connect the handle and swingel.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Capnomancy</h1>
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<hw>Cap"no*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ smoke + <ets>mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>capnomancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of the ascent or motion of smoke.</def>

<h1>Capnomor</h1>
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<hw>Cap"no*mor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ smoke + <?/, equiv. to <?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A limpid, colorless oil with a peculiar odor, obtained from beech tar.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Capoc</h1>
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<hw>Ca*poc"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>k\'bepoq</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sort of cotton so short and fine thet it can not be spun, used in the East Indies to line palanquins, to make mattresses, etc.</def>

<h1>Capoch</h1>
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<hw>Ca*poch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Capoches</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>capucho</ets>, It. <ets>cappucio</ets>, F. <ets>Capuce</ets>, <ets>capuchon</ets>, LL. <ets>caputium</ets>, fr. <ets>capa</ets> cloak. See <ets>Cap</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hood; especialy, the hood attached to the gown of a monk.</def>

<h1>Capoch</h1>
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<hw>Ca*poch"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Capoched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover with, or as with, a hood; hence, to hoodwink or blind.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Capon</h1>
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<hw>Ca"pon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>capon</ets>, <ets>chapoun</ets>, AS. <ets>cap<?/n</ets> (cf. F. <ets>chapon</ets>), L. <ets>capo</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ akin to <?/ to cut, OSlav. <ets>skopiti</ets> to casrate. CF. <er>Comma</er>.]</ety> <def>A castrated cock, esp. when fattened; a male chicken gelded to improve his flesh for the table.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The merry thought of a <b>capon</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Capon</h1>
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<hw>Ca"pon</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To castrate; to make a capon of.</def>

<h1>Caponet</h1>
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<hw>Ca"pon*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A young capon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Caponiere</h1>
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<hw>Cap`o*niere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>caponni\'8are</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>caponera</ets>, orig., a cage for fattening capons, hence, a place of refuge; cf. It. <ets>capponiera</ets>. See <er>Capon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A work made across or in the ditch, to protect it from the enemy, or to serve as a covered passageway.</def>

<h1>Caponize</h1>
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<hw>Ca"pon*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To castrate, as a fowl.</def>

<h1>Capot</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pot"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A winning of all the tricks at the game of piquet. It counts for forty points.</def>

<i>Hoyle.</i>

<h1>Capot</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pot"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Capotted</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To win all the tricks from, in playing at piquet.</def>

<h1>Capote</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pote"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>capote</ets> (cf. F. <ets>capote</ets>.), fr. LL. <ets>capa</ets> cape, cloak. See <er>Cap</er>.]</ety> <def>A long cloak or overcoat, especially one with a hood.</def>

<h1>Capouch</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pouch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Capoch</er>.</def>

<h1>Cappadine</h1>
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<hw>Cap"pa*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A floss or waste obtained from the cocoon after the silk has been reeled off, used for shag.</def>

<h1>Cappaper</h1>
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<hw>Cap"pa`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def>See <er>cap</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, also <er>Paper</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Cappeak</h1>
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<hw>Cap"peak`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The front piece of a cap; -- now more commonly called <i>visor</i>.</def>

<h1>Cappella</h1>
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<hw>Cap*pel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>A cappella</er>.</def>

<h1>Capper</h1>
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<hw>Cap"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One whose business is to make or sell caps.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A by-bidder; a decoy for gamblers <mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark><--shill?-->.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An instrument for applying a percussion cap to a gun or cartridge.</def>

<h1>Capping plane</h1>
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<hw>Cap"ping plane`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Join.)</fld> <def>A plane used for working the upper surface of staircase rails.</def>

<h1>Capra</h1>
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<hw>Ca"pra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a she goat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of ruminants, including the common goat.</def>

<h1>Caprate</h1>
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<hw>Cap"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of capric acid.</def>

<h1>Capreolate</h1>
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<hw>Cap"re*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capreolus</ets> wild goat, tendril, fr.<ets>caper</ets> goat: cf. F. <ets>capr\'82ol\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a tendril or tendrils.</def>

<h1>Capreoline</h1>
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<hw>Cap"re*o*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capreolus</ets> wild goat, fr. <ets>caper</ets> goat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the roebuck.</def>

<h1>Capric</h1>
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<hw>Cap"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caper</ets> goat.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to capric acid or its derivatives.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Capric acid</col>, <chform>C9H9.CO2H</chform>, <col>Caprylic acid</col>, <chform>C7H15.CO2H</chform>, &and; <col>Caproic acid</col>, <chform>C5H11.CO2H</chform></mcol>, <cd>are fatty acids occurring in small quantities in butter, cocoanut oil, etc., united with glycerin; they are colorless oils, or white crystalline solids, of an unpleasant odor like that of goats or sweat.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cariccio</h1>
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<hw>Ca*ric"cio</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Caprice</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A piece in a free form, with frequent digressions from the theme; a fantasia; -- often called <i>caprice</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A caprice; a freak; a fancy.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Capricioso</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pri*cio"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus)</fld> <def>In a free, fantastic style.</def>

<h1>Caprice</h1>
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<hw>Ca*price"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>caprice</ets>, It. <ets>capriccio</ets>, caprice (perh. orig. a fantastical goat leap), fr. L. <ets>caper</ets>, <ets>capra</ets>, goat. Cf <er>Capriole</er>, <er>Cab</er>, <er>Caper</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An abrupt change in feeling, opinion, or action, proceeding from some whim or fancy; a freak; a notion.</def> "<i>Caprices</i> of appetite."

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Capriccio</er>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Freak; whim; crotchet; fancy; vagary; humor; whimsey; fickleness.</syn>

<h1>Capricious</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pri"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>capricleux</ets>, It. <ets>capriccioso</ets>.]</ety> <def>Governed or characterized by caprice; apt to change suddenly; freakish; whimsical; changeable.</def> "<i>Capricious</i> poet." <i>Shak</i>. "<i>Capricious</i> humor." <i>Hugh Miller</i>.

<blockquote>A <b>capricious</b> partiality to the Romish practices.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Freakish; whimsical; fanciful; fickle; crotchety; fitful; wayward; changeable; unsteady; uncertain; inconstant; arbitrary.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ca*pri"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ca*pri"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Capricorn</h1>
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<hw>Cap"ri*corn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capricornus</ets>; <ets>caper</ets> goat + <ets>cornu</ets> horn: cf. F. <ets>capricorne</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The tenth sign of zodiac, into which the sun enters at the winter solstice, about December 21. See <er>Tropic</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The sun was entered into <b>Capricorn</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A southern constellation, represented on ancient monuments by the figure of a goat, or a figure with its fore part like a fish.</def>

<cs><col>Capricorn beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any beetle of the family <spn>Carambucid\'91</spn>; one of the long-horned beetles. The larv\'91 usually bore into the wood or bark of trees and shurbs and are often destructive. See <er>Girdler</er>, <er>Pruner</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Caprid</h1>
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<hw>Cap"rid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caper</ets>, <ets>capra</ets>, goat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the tribe of ruminants of which the goat, or genus <spn>Capra</spn>, is the type.</def>

<h1>Caprification</h1>
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<hw>Cap"ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caprificatio</ets>, fr. <ets>caprificare</ets> to ripen figs by caprification, fr. <ets>caprificus</ets> the wild fig; <ets>caper</ets> goat + <ets>ficus</ets> fig.]</ety> <def>The practice of hanging, upon the cultivated fig tree, branches of the wild fig infested with minute hymenopterous insects.</def>

<note>&hand; It is supposed that the little insects insure fertilization by carrying the pollen from the male flowers near the opening of the fig down to the female flowers, and also accelerate ripening the fruit by puncturing it.  The practice has existed since ancient times, but its benefit has been disputed.</note>

<h1>Caprifole</h1>
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<hw>Cap"ri*fole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caper</ets> goat + <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <def>The woodbine or honeysuckle.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Caprifoliaceous</h1>
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<hw>Cap"ri*fo`li*a`ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the Honeysuckle family of plants (<spn>Caprifoliac\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Capriform</h1>
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<hw>Cap"ri*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caper</ets> goat + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a goat.</def>

<h1>Caprigenous</h1>
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<hw>Ca*prig"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caprigenus</ets>; <ets>caper</ets> goat + <ets>gegnere</ets> to produce.]</ety> <def>Of the goat kind.</def>

<h1>Caprine</h1>
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<hw>Cap"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caprinus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a goat; <as>as, <ex>caprine</ex> gambols</as>.</def>

<h1>Capriole</h1>
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<hw>Cap"ri*ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>capriole</ets>, <ets>cabriole</ets>, It. <ets>capriola</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caper</ets> goat. Cf. <er>Caper</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <er>Cabriole</er>, <er>Caprice</er>, <er>Cheveril</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A leap that a horse makes with all fours, upwards only, without advancing, but with a kick or jerk of the hind legs when at the height of the leap.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A leap or caper, as in dancing.</def> "With lofty turns and <i>caprioles</i>."

<i>Sir J. Davies.</i>

<h1>Capriole</h1>
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<hw>Cap"ri*ole</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To perform a capriole.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Capriped</h1>
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<hw>Cap"ri*ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capripers</ets>; <ets>caper</ets> goat + <ets>pes pedis</ets>, foot.]</ety> <def>Having feet like those of a goat.</def>

<hr>
<page="215">
Page 215<p>

<h1>Caproate</h1>
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<hw>Cap"ro*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of caproic acid.</def>

<h1>Caproic</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pro"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Capric</er>.</def>

<h1>Caprylate</h1>
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<hw>Cap"ry*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of caprylic acid.</def>

<h1>Caprylic</h1>
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<hw>Ca*pryl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Capric</er>.</def>

<h1>Capsaicin</h1>
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<hw>Cap*sa"i*cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Capsicum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless crystalline substance extracted from the <i>Capsicum annuum</i>, and giving off vapors of intense acridity.</def>

<h1>Capsheaf</h1>
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<hw>Cap"sheaf`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The top sheaf of a stack of grain: (<i>fig</i>.) the crowning or finishing part of a thing.</def>

<h1>Capsicin</h1>
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<hw>Cap"si*cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Capsicum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A red liquid or soft resin extracted from various species of capsicum.</def>

<h1>Capsicine</h1>
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<hw>Cap"si*cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Capsicum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A valatile alkaloid extracted from <i>Capsicum annuum</i> or from capsicin.</def>

<h1>Capsicum</h1>
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<hw>Cap"si*cum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>capsa</ets> box, chest.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants of many species, producing capsules or dry berries of various forms, which have an exceedingly pungent, biting taste, and when ground form the red of Cayenne pepper of commerce.</def>

<note>&hand; The most important species are <i>Capsicum baccatum</i> or birs pepper. <i>C</i>, <i>annuum</i> or chili pepper, <i>C</i>. <i>frutesens</i> or spur pepper, and <i>C</i>. <i>annuum</i> or Guinea pepeer, which includes the bell pepper and other common garden varieties. The fruit is much used, both in its green and ripe state, in pickles and in cookery. See <er>Cayenne pepper</er>.</note>

<h1>Capsize</h1>
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<hw>Cap*size"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Capsized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Capsizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>cabecear</ets> to nod, pitch, <ets>capuzar</ets>, <ets>chapuzar</ets>, to sink (a vessel) by the head; both fr. L. <ets>caput</ets> head.]</ety> <def>To upset or overturn, as a vessel or other body.</def>

<blockquote>But what if carrying sail <b>capsize</b> the boat?
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Capsize</h1>
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<hw>Cap"size`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An upset or overturn.</def>

<h1>Capsquare</h1>
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<hw>Cap"*square</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A metal covering plate which passes over the trunnions of a cannon, and holds it in place.</def>

<h1>Capstan</h1>
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<hw>Cap"stan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cabestan</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>cabestrante</ets>, <ets>cabrestante</ets>, fr. <ets>cabestrar</ets> to bind with a halter, fr. <ets>cabestro</ets>halter, fr. L. <ets>capistrum</ets> halter, fr. <ets>capere</ets> to hold (see <er>Capacious</er>); or perh. the Spanish is fr. L. <ets>caper</ets> goat + <ets>stans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>stare</ets> to stand; cf. F. <ets>ch\'8avre</ets> she-goat, also a machine for raising heavy weights.]</ety> <def>A vertical cleated drum or cylinder, revolving on an upright spindle, and surmounted by a drumhead with sockets for bars or levers. It is much used, especially on shipboard, for moving or raising heavy weights or exerting great power by traction upon a rope or cable, passing around the drum. It is operated either by steam power or by a number of men walking around the capstan, each pushing on the end of a lever fixed in its socket.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes spelt <asp>Capstern</asp>, but improperly.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Capstan bar</col>, <cd>one of the long bars or levers by which the capstan is worked; a handspike..</cd> -- <col>To pawl the capstan</col>, <cd>to drop the pawls so that they will catch in the notches of the pawl ring, and prevent the capstan from turning back.</cd> -- <col>To rig the capstan</col>, <cd>to prepare the for use, by putting the bars in the sockets.</cd> -- <col>To surge the capstan</col>, <cd>to slack the tension of the rope or cable wound around it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Capstone</h1>
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<hw>Cap"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil echinus of the genus <spn>Cannulus</spn>; -- so called from its supposed resemblance to a cap.</def>

<h1>Capsular, Capsulary</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cap"su*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cap"su*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>capsulaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a capsule; having the nature of a capsula; hollow and fibrous.</def>

<cs><col>Capsular ligament</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a ligamentous bag or capsule surrounding many movable joints in the skeleton.</cd></cs>

<h1>Capsulate, Capsulated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cap"su*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cap"su*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclosed in a capsule, or as in a chest or box.</def>

<h1>Capsule</h1>
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<hw>Cap"sule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capsula</ets> a little box or chest, fr. <ets>capsa</ets> chest, case, fr. <ets>capere</ets> to take, contain: cf. F. <ets>capsule</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>a dry fruit or pod which is made up of several parts or carpels, and opens to discharge the seeds, <as>as, the <ex>capsule</ex> of the poppy, the flax, the lily, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small saucer of clay for roasting or melting samples of ores, etc.; a scorifier.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>a small, shallow, evaporating dish, usually of porcelain.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A small cylindrical or spherical gelatinous envelope in which nauseous or acrid doses are inclosed to be swallowed.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A membranous sac containing fluid, or investing an organ or joint; <as>as, the <ex>capsule</ex> of the lens of the eye</as>. Also, a capsulelike organ.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A metallic seal or cover for closing a bottle,</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A small cup or shell, as of metal, for a percussion cap, cartridge, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Atrabiliary capsule</col>. <cd>See under <er>Atrabiliary</er>.</cd> -- <col>Glisson's capsule</col>, <cd>a membranous envelope, entering the liver along with the portal vessels and insheathing the latter in their course through the organ.</cd> -- <col>Suprarenal capsule</col>, <cd>an organ of unknown function, above or in front of each kidney.</cd></cs>

<h1>Captain</h1>
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<hw>Cap"tain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>capitain</ets>, <ets>captain</ets>, OF. <ets>capitain</ets>, F. <ets>capitaine</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>capitan</ets>, It. <ets>capitano</ets>), LL. <ets>capitaneus</ets>, <ets>capitanus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caput</ets> the head. See under <er>Chief</er>, and cf. <er>Chieftain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A head, or chief officer</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The military officer who commands a company, troop, or battery, or who has the rank entitling him to do so though he may be employed on other service.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An officer in the United States navy, next above a commander and below a commodore, and ranking with a colonel in the ermy.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>By courtesy, an officer actually commanding a vessel, although not having the rank of captain.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The <i>master</i> or commanding officer of a merchant vessel.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>One in charge of a portion of a ship's company; <as>as, a <ex>captain</ex> of a top, <ex>captain</ex> of a gun, etc.</as></def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>The foreman of a body of workmen.</def> <sd>(g)</sd> <def>A person having authority over others acting in concert; <as>as, the <ex>captain</ex> of a boat's crew; the <ex>captain</ex> of a football team.</as></def>

<blockquote>A trainband <b>captain</b> eke was he.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Rhodian <b>captain</b>, relying on . . . the lightness of his vessel, passed, in open day, through all the guards.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A military leader; a warrior.</def>

<blockquote>Foremost <b>captain</b> of his time.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Captain general</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The commander in chief of an army or armies, or of the militia.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Spanish governor of Cuba and its dependent islands.</cd> -- <col>Captain lieutenant</col>, <cd>a lieutenant with the rank and duties of captain but with a lieutenant's pay, -- as in the first company of an English regiment.</cd></cs>

<h1>Captain</h1>
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<hw>Cap"tain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To act as captain of; to lead.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Men who <b>captained</b> or accompanied the exodus from existing forms.

<i>Lowell</i>.

<h1>Captain</h1>
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<hw>Cap"tain</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Chief; superior.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>captain</b> jewes in the carcanet.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Captaincy</h1>
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<hw>Cap"tain*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <er>Captaincies</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The rank, post, or commission of a captain.</def>

<i>Washington.</i>

<cs><col>Captaincy general</col>, <cd>the office, power, teritory, or jurisdiction of a captain general; as, the <i>captaincy general<i> of La Habana (Cuba and its islands).</cd></cs>

<h1>Captainry</h1>
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<hw>Cap"tain*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>capitainerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Power, or command, over a certain district; chieftainship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Captainship</h1>
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<hw>Cap"tain*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition, rank, post, or authority of a captain or chief commander.</def> "To take the <i>captainship</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Military skill; <as>as, to show good <ex>captainship</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Captation</h1>
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<hw>Cap*ta`tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>captatio</ets>, fr. <ets>captare</ets> to catch, intens of <ets>caper</ets> to take: cf. F. <ets>captation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A courting of favor or applause, by flattery or address; a captivating quality; an attraction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Without any of those dresses, or popular <b>captations</b>, which some men use in their speeches.
<i>Eikon Basilike.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Caption</h1>
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<hw>Cap"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>captio</ets>, fr. <ets>caper</ets> to take. In senses 3 and 4, perhaps confounded in meaning with L. <ets>caput</ets> a head. See <er>Capacious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A caviling; a sophism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This doctrine is for <b>caption</b> and contradiction.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of taking or arresting a person by judicial process.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>That part of a legal instrument, as a commission, indictment, etc., which shows where, when, and by what authority, it taken, found, or executed.</def>

<i>Bouvier. Wharton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The heading of a chapter, section, or page.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Captious</h1>
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<hw>Cap"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>captieux</ets>, L. <ets>captiosus</ets>. See <er>Caption</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Art to catch at faults; disposed to find fault or to cavil; eager to object; difficult to please.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>captius</b> and suspicious.
<i>Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am sensible I have not disposed my materials to adbide the test of a <b>captious</b> controversy.
<i>Bwike.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fitted to harass, perplex, or insnare; insidious; troublesome.</def>

<blockquote><b>Captious</b> restraints on navigation.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Caviling, carping, fault-finding; censorious; hypercritical; peevish, fretful; perverse; troublesome.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Captious</er>, <er>caviling</er>, <er>Carping</er>. A <i>captious</i> person is one who has a fault-finding habit or manner, or is disposed to catch at faults, errors, etc., with quarrelsome intent; a <i>caviling</i> person is disposed to raise objections on frivolous grounds; <i>carping</i> implies that one is given to ill-natured, persistent, or unreasonable fault-finding, or picking up of the words or actions of others.</usage>

<blockquote><b>Caviling</b> is the <b>carping</b> of argument, <b>carping</b> the <b>caviling</b> of ill temper.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Captiously</h1>
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<hw>Cap"tious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a captious manner.</def>

<h1>Captiousness</h1>
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<hw>Cap"tious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Captious disposition or manner.</def>

<h1>Captivate</h1>
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<hw>Cap"ti*vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Captivated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Captivating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>captivatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>captivare</ets> to capture, fr. <ets>captivus</ets> captive. See <er>Captive</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take prisoner; to capture; to subdue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Their woes whom fortune <b>captivates</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To acquire ascendancy over by reason of some art or attraction; to fascinate; to charm; <as>as, Cleopatra <ex>captivated</ex> Antony; the orator <ex>captivated</ex> all hearts.</as></def>

<blockquote>Small landscapes of <b>captivating</b> loveliness.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To enslave; subdue; overpower; charm; enchant; bewitch; facinate; capture; lead captive.</syn>

<h1>Captivate</h1>
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<hw>Cap"ti*vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>captivatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Taken prisoner; made captive; insnared; charmed.</def>

<blockquote>Women have been <b>captivate</b> ere now.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Captivating</h1>
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<hw>Cap"ti*va`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power to captivate or cham; fascinating; <as>as, <ex>captivating</ex> smiles</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Cap"tiva`ting*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Captivation</h1>
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<hw>Cap"ti*va`tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capticatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of captivating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>captivation</b> of our understanding.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Captive</h1>
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<hw>Cap"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>captivus</ets>, fr. <ets>capere</ets> to take: cf. F. <ets>captif</ets>. See <er>Caitiff</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A prisoner taken by force or stratagem, esp., by an enemy, in war; one kept in bondage or in the power of another.</def>

<blockquote>Then, when I am thy <b>captive</b>, talk of chains.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One charmed or subdued by beaty, excellence, or affection; one who is captivated.</def>

<h1>Captive</h1>
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<hw>Cap"tive</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made prisoner, especially in war; held in bondage or in confinement.</def>

<blockquote>A poor, miserable, <b>captive</b> thrall.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Subdued by love; charmed; captivated.</def>

<blockquote>Even in so short a space, my wonan's heart
Grossly grew <b>captive</b> to his honey words.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to bondage or confinement; serving to confine; <as>as, <ex>captive</ex> chains; <ex>captive</ex> hours.</as></def>

<h1>Captive</h1>
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<hw>Cap"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Captived</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Captiving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To take prisoner; to capture.</def>

<blockquote>Their inhabitans slaughtered and <b>captived</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Captivity</h1>
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<hw>Cap*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>captivitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>captivit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being a captive or a prisoner.</def>

<blockquote>More celebrated in his <b>captivity</b> that in his greatest triumphs.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of being under control; subjection of the will or affections; bondage.</def>

<blockquote>Sink in the soft <b>captivity</b> together.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Imprisonment; confinement; bondage; subjection; servitude; slavery; thralldom; serfdom.</syn>

<h1>Captor</h1>
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<hw>Cap"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a cather (of animals), fr. <ets>caper</ets> to take.]</ety> <def>One who captures any person or thing, as a prisoner or a prize.</def>

<h1>Capture</h1>
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<hw>Cap"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>capture</ets>, fr. <ets>caper</ets> to take: cf. F. <ets>capture</ets>. See <er>Caitiff</er>, and cf. <er>aptive</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of seizing by force, or getting possession of by superior power or by stratagem; <as>as, the <ex>capture</ex> of an enemy, a vessel, or a criminal</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Even with regard to <b>captures</b> made at sea.
<i>Bluckstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The securing of an object of strife or desire, as by the power of some attraction.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The thing taken by force, surprise, or stratagem; a prize; prey.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Seizure; apprehension; arrest; detention.</syn>

<h1>Capture</h1>
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<hw>Cap"ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Captured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Capturing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To seize or take possession of by force, surprise, or stratagem; to overcome and hold; to secure by effort.</def>

<blockquote>Her heart is like some fortress that has been <b>captured</b>.
<i>W. Ivring.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Capuccio</h1>
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<hw>Ca*puc"cio</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>cappucio</ets>. See <er>Capoch</er>.]</ety> <def>A capoch or hood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Capuched</h1>
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<hw>Ca*puched"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Capoch</er>.]</ety> <def>Cover with, or as with, a hood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Capuchin</h1>
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<hw>Cap`u*chin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>capucin</ets> a monk who wears a cowl, fr. It. <ets>cappuccio</ets> hood. See <er>Capoch</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A Franciscan monk of the austere branch established in 1526 by Matteo di Baschi, distinguished by wearing the long pointed cowl or capoch of St. Francis.</def>

<blockquote>A bare-footed and long-bearded <b>capuchin</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A garment for women, consisting of a cloak and hood, resembling, or supposed to resemble, that of <i>capuchin</i> monks.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A long-tailed South American monkey (<spn>Cabus capucinus</spn>), having the forehead naked and wrinkled, with the hair on the crown reflexed and resembling a monk's cowl, the rest being of a grayish white; -- called also <altname>capucine monkey</altname>, <altname>weeper</altname>, <altname>sajou</altname>, <altname>sapajou</altname>, and <altname>sai</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Other species of <spn>Cabus</spn>, as <spn>C. fatuellus</spn> (the <i>brown</i> or <stype>horned capucine</stype>.), <spn>C. albifrons</spn> (the <stype>cararara</stype>), and <spn>C. apella</spn>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A variety of the domestic pigeon having a hoodlike tuft of feathers on the head and sides of the neck.</def>

<cs><col>Capuchin nun</col>, <cd>one of an austere order of Franciscan nuns which came under Capuchin rule in 1538. The order had recently been founded by Maria Longa.</cd></cs>

<h1>Capucine</h1>
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<hw>Cap"u*cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Capuchin</er>, 3.</def>

<h1>Capulet</h1>
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<hw>Cap"u*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Capellet</er>.</def>

<h1>Capulin</h1>
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<hw>Cap"u*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>capuli</ets>.]</ety> <def>The Mexican chery (<spn>Prunus Capollin</spn>).</def>

<h1>Caput</h1>
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<hw>Ca"put</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Capita</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., the head.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The head; also, a knoblike protuberance or capitulum.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The top or superior part of a thing.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eng.)</fld> <def>The council or ruling body of the University of Cambridge prior to the constitution of 1856.</def>

<blockquote>Your <b>caputs</b> and heads of colleges.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Caput mortuum</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[L., dead head.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <cd>The residuum after distillation or sublimation; hence, worthless residue.</cd></cs>

<h1>Capybara</h1>
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<hw>Ca`py*ba"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>capibara</ets>, fr. the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large South American rodent (<spn>Hydroch\'91rus capybara</spn>) Living on the margins of lakes and rivers. It is the largest extant rodent, being about three feet long, and half that in height. It somewhat resembles the Guinea pig, to which it is related; -- called also <altname>cabiai</altname> and <altname>water hog</altname>.</def>

<hr>
<page="216">
Page 216<p>

<h1>Car</h1>
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<hw>Car</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>car</ets>, <ets>char</ets>, F. <ets>cahr</ets>, fr. L. <ets>carrus</ets>, Wagon: a Celtic word; cf. W. <ets>car</ets>, Armor. <ets>karr</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>carr</ets>. cf. <er>Chariot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small vehicle moved on wheels; usually, one having but two wheels and drawn by one horse; a cart.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vehicle adapted to the rails of a railroad.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<note>&hand; In England a railroad <i>passenger car</i> is called a railway <i>carriage</i>; a <i>freight car</i> a <i>goods wagon</i>; a <i>platform car</i> a <i>goods truck</i>; a <i>baggage car</i> a <i>van</i>. But styles of car introduced into England from America are called <i>cars</i>; as, tram <i>car</i>. Pullman <i>car</i>. See <er>Train</er>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A chariot of war or of triumph; a vehicle of splendor, dignity, or solemnity.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>.

<blockquote>The gilded <b>car</b> of day.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The towering <b>car</b>, the sable steeds.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The stars also called Charles's Wain, the Great Bear, or the Dipper.</def>

<blockquote>The Pleiads, Hyads, and the Northern <b>Car</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The cage of a lift or elevator.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The basket, box, or cage suspended from a ballon to contain passengers, ballast, etc.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A floating perforated box for living fish.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<cs><mcol><col>Car coupling</col>, <i>or</i> <col>Car coupler</col>, <cd>a shackle or other device for connecting the cars in a railway train.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Dummy car</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a car containing its own steam power or locomotive.</cd> -- <col>Freight car</col> <fld>(Railrood)</fld>, a car for the transportation of merchandise or other goods. <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Hand car</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, a small car propelled by hand, used by railroad laborers, etc. <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>Horse car</col>, <i>or</i> <col>Street car</col></mcol>, <cd>an ommibus car, draw by horses or other power upon rails laid in the streets.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- Mcol><col>Palace car</col>, <col>Drawing-room car</col>, <col>Sleeping car</col>, <col>Parior car</col>etc. </mcol>,  <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>cars especially designed and furnished for the comfort of travelers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carabid</h1>
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<hw>Car"a*bid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the genus <spn>Carbus</spn> or family <spn>Carabid\'91</spn>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the <spn>Carabid\'91</spn>, a family of active insectivorous beetles.</def></def2>

<h1>Carabine</h1>
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<hw>Car"a*bine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A carbine.</def>

<h1>Carabineer</h1>
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<hw>Car`a*bi*neer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A carbineer.</def>

<h1>Caraboid</h1>
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<hw>Car"a*boid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carabus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or pertaining to the genus <spn>Carabus</spn>.</def>

<h1>Carabus</h1>
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<hw>Car"a*bus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a horned beetle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of ground beetles, including numerous species. They devour many injurious insects.</def>

<h1>Carac</h1>
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<hw>Car"ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Carack</er>.</def>

<h1>Caracal</h1>
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<hw>Car"a*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>caracal</ets>, fr. Turk <ets>garahgootag</ets>; <ets>garah</ets> black + <ets>goofag</ets> ear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lynx (<spn>Felis, or Lynx, caracal.)</spn> It is a native of Africa and Asia. Its ears are black externally, and tipped with long black hairs.</def>

<h1>Caracara</h1>
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<hw>Ca"`ra*ca"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A south American bird of several species and genera, resembling both the eagles and the vultures. The caracaras act as scavengers, and are also called <altname>carrion buzzards</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The black caracara is <spn>Ibycter ater</spn>; the chimango is <spn>Milvago chimango</spn>; the Brazilian is <spn>Polyborus Braziliensis</spn>.</note>

<h1>Carack</h1>
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<hw>Car"ack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>caraque</ets> (cf. Sp. & Pg. <ets>carraca</ets>, It. <ets>caracca</ets>.), LL. <ets>carraca</ets>, fr. L. <ets>carrus</ets> wagon; or perh. fr. Ar. <ets>qorq\'d4r</ets> (pl. <ets>qar\'beqir</ets>) a carack.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A kind of large ship formerly used by the Spaniards and Portuguese in the East India trade; a galleon.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>carrack</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>The bigger whale like some huge <b>carrack</b> law.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Caracole</h1>
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<hw>Car"a*cole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>caracole</ets>, <ets>caracol</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>caracol</ets> snail, winding staircase, a wheeling about.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A half turn which a horseman makes, either to the right or the left.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A staircase in a spiral form.</def>

<cs><col>En caracole</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>spiral; -- said of a staircase.</cd></cs>

<h1>Caracole</h1>
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<hw>Car"a*cole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Caracoled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>caracoler</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>To move in a caracole, or in caracoles; to wheel.</def>

<blockquote>Prince John <b>caracoled</b> within the lists.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Caracoly</h1>
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<hw>Car"a*col`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An alloy of gold, silver, and copper, of which an inferior quality of jewerly is made.</def>

<h1>Caracore, Caracora</h1>
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<hw><hw>Car"a*core</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Car"a*co`ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>kurakura</ets>.]</ety> <def>A light vessel or proa used by the people of Borneo, etc., and by the Dutch in the East Indies.</def>

<h1>Carafe</h1>
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<hw>Ca*rafe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A glass water bottle for the table or toilet; -- called also <altname>croft</altname>.</def>

<h1>Carageen &or; Caragheen</h1>
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<hw><hw>Car"a*geen`</hw> &or; <hw>Car"a*gheen`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Carrageen</er>.</def>

<h1>Carambola</h1>
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<hw>Ca`ram*bo"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An East Indian tree (<spn>Averrhoa Carambola</spn>), and its acid, juicy fruit; called also <altname>Coromandel gooseberry</altname>.</def>

<h1>Caramel</h1>
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<hw>Car"a*mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>caramel</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>caramelo</ets>), LL. <ets>canna mellis</ets>, <ets>cannamella</ets>, <ets>canamella</ets>, <ets>calamellus mellitus</ets>, sugar cane, from or confused with L. <ets>canna</ets> reed + <ets>mel</ets>, <ets>mellis</ets>, honey. See <er>Cane</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Burnt sugar; a brown or black porous substance obtained by heating sugar. It is soluble in water, and is used for coloring spirits, gravies, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of confectionery, usually a small cube or square of tenacious paste, or candy, of varying composition and flavor.</def>

<h1>Carangoid</h1>
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<hw>Ca*ran"goid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Caranx</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the <spn>Carangid\'91</spn>, a family of fishes allied to the mackerels, and including the caranx, American bluefish, and the pilot fish.</def>

<h1>Caranx</h1>
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<hw>Ca"ranx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fishes, common on the Atlantic coast, including the yellow or goldon mackerel.</def>

<h1>Carapace</h1>
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<hw>Car"a*pace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The thick shell or sheild which cover the back of the tortoise, or turtle, the crab, and other crustaceous animals.</def>

<h1>Carapato</h1>
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<hw>Ca`ra*pa"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>carrapato</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A south American tick of the genus <spn>Amblyamma</spn>. There are several species, very troublesome to man and beast.</def>

<h1>Carapax</h1>
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<hw>Car"a*pax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Carapace</er>.</def>

<h1>Carat</h1>
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<hw>Car"at</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carat</ets> (cf. It. <ets>carato</ets>, OPg. <ets>quirate</ets>, Pg. & Sp. <ets>quilate</ets>), Ar. <ets>q<?/r<?/t</ets> bean or pea shell, a weight of four grins, a carat, fr. Gr. <?/ a little horn, the fruit of the carob tree, a weight, a carat. See <er>Horn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The weight by which precious stones and pearls are weighed.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>carat</i> equals three and one fifth grains Troy, and is divided into four grains, sometimes called <i>carat grains</i>. Diamonds and other precious stones are estimated by carats and fractions of carats, and pearls, usually, by carat grains.</note>

<i>Titfany.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A twenty-fourth part; -- a term used in estimating the proportionate fineness of gold.</def>

<note>&hand; A mass of metal is said to be so many <i>carats</i> fine, according to the number of twenty-fourths of pure gold which it contains; as, 22 <i>carats</i> fine (goldsmith's standard) = 22 parts of gold, 1 of copper, and 1 of silver.</note>

<h1>Caravan</h1>
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<hw>Car"a*van</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>caravane</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>caravana</ets>), fr. Per. <ets>karmw\'ben</ets> a caravan (in sense 1). Cf. <er>Van</er> a wagon.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A company of travelers, pilgrims, or merchants, organized and equipped for a long journey, or marching or traveling together, esp. through deserts and countries infested by robbers or hostile tribes, as in Asia or Africa.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A large, covered wagon, or a train of such wagons, for conveying wild beasts, etc., for exhibition; an itinerant show, as of wild beasts.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A covered vehicle for carrying passengers or for moving furniture, etc.; -- sometimes shorted into <i>van</i>.</def>

<h1>Caravaneer</h1>
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<hw>Car`a*van*eer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>caravanier</ets>.]</ety> <def>The leader or driver of the camels in caravan.</def>

<h1>Caravansary</h1>
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<hw>Car`a*van"sa*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.</plu> <plw>Caravansaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>caravans\'82rai</ets>, fr. Per. <ets>karw\'bensar\'be\'8b</ets>; <ets>karw\'ben</ets> caravan + <ets>-sar\'be\'8b</ets> palace, large house, inn.]</ety> <def>A kind of inn, in the East, where caravans rest at night, being a large, rude, unfurnished building, surrounding a court.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>caravanserai</asp> and <asp>caravansera</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Caravel</h1>
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<hw>Car"a*vel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>caravelle</ets> (cf. It. <ets>caravella</ets>, Sp. <ets>carabela</ets>), fr. Sp. <ets>caraba</ets> a kind of vessel, fr. L. <ets>carabus</ets> a kind of light boat, fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of light ship, NGr. <?/ ship, vessel.]</ety> <altsp>[written also <asp>caravel</asp> and <asp>caravelle</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A name given to several kinds of vessels.</def> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The caravel of the 16th century was a small vessel with broad bows, high, narrow poop, four masts, and lateen sails. Columbus commanded three <i>caravels</i> on his great voyage.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A Portuguese vessel of 100 or 150 tons burden.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A small fishing boat used on the French coast.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A Turkish man-of-war.</def>

<h1>Caraway</h1>
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<hw>Car"a*way</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carvi</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>carvi</ets> and <ets>al-caravea</ets>, <ets>al-carahueya</ets>, Pg. <ets>al-caravia</ets>) fr. Ar. <ets>karaw\'c6\'be</ets>fr. Gr. <?/; cf. L. <ets>caraum</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A biennial plant of the Parsley family (<spn>Carum Carui</spn>). The seeds have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste. They are used in cookery and confectionery, and also in medicine as a carminative.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cake or sweetmeat containing caraway seeds.</def>

<blockquote><b>Caraways</b>, or biscuits, or some other [comfits].
<i>Cogan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carbamic</h1>
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<hw>Car*bam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>amido</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to an acid so called.</def>

<cs><col>Carbamic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an amido acid, <chform>NH2.CO2H</chform>, not existing in the free state, but occurring as a salt of ammonium in commercial ammonium carbonate; -- called also <altname>amido formic acid</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carbamide</h1>
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<hw>Car*bam"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carbonyl</ets> + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The technical name for urea.</def>

<h1>Carbamine</h1>
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<hw>Car*bam"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An isocyanide of a hydrocarbon radical. The carbamines are liquids, usually colorless, and of unendurable odor.</def>

<h1>Carbanil</h1>
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<hw>Car"ba*nil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carbonyl</ets> + <ets>anil</ets>ine.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A mobile liquid, <chform>CO.N.C6H5</chform>, of pungent odor. It is the phenyl salt of isocyanic acid.</def>

<h1>Carbazol</h1>
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<hw>Car"ba*zol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carb</ets>on + <ets>azo</ets> + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystallized substance, <chform>C12H8NH</chform>, derived from aniline and other amines.</def>

<h1>Carbazotate</h1>
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<hw>Car*baz"o*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of carbazotic or picric acid; a picrate.</def>

<h1>Carbazotic</h1>
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<hw>Car`ba*zot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carb</ets>on + azole.]</ety> <def>Containing, or derived from, carbon and nitrogen.</def>

<cs><col>Carbazotic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>picric acid. See under <er>Picric</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carbide</h1>
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<hw>Car"bide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carb</ets>on + <ets>-ide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A binary compound of carbon with some other element or radical, in which the carbon plays the part of a negative; -- formerly termed <altname>carburet</altname>.</def>

<h1>Carbimide</h1>
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<hw>Car"bi*mide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>imide</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The technical name for isocyanic acid. See under <er>Isocyanic</er>.</def>

<h1>Carbine</h1>
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<hw>Car"bine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carbine</ets>, OF. <ets>calabrin</ets> carabineer (cf. Ot. <ets>calabrina</ets> a policeman), fr. OF & Pr. <ets>calabre</ets>, OF. <ets>cable</ets>, <ets>chable</ets>, an engine of war used in besieging, fr. LL. <ets>chadabula</ets>, <ets>cabulus</ets>, a kind of projectile machine, fr. Gr. <?/ a throwing down, fr. <?/ to throw; <?/ down + <?/ to throw. Cf. <er>Parable</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A short, light musket or rifle, esp. one used by mounted soldiers or cavalry.</def>

<h1>Carbineer</h1>
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<hw>Car`bi*neer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carabinier</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A soldier armed with a carbine.</def>

<h1>Carbinol</h1>
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<hw>Car"bi*nol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carbin</ets> (Kolbe's name for the radical) + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Methyl alcohol, <chform>CH3OH</chform>; -- also, by extension, any one in the homologous series of paraffine alcohols of which methyl alcohol is the type.</def>

<h1>Carbohydrate</h1>
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<hw>Car`bo*hy"drate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>hydrate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a group of compounds including the sugars, starches, and gums, which contain six (or some multiple of six) carbon atoms, united with a variable number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, but with the two latter always in proportion as to form water; as dextrose, <chform>C6H12O6</chform>.</def>

<h1>Carbohydride</h1>
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<hw>Car`bo*hy"dride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>hydrogen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon.</def>

<h1>Carbolic</h1>
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<hw>Car*bol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>carbo</ets> coal + <ets>oleum</ets> oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid derived from coal tar and other sources; <as>as, <ex>carbolic</ex> acid (called also <i>phenic acid</i>, and <i>phenol</i>)</as>. See <er>Phenol</er>.</def>

<h1>Carbolize</h1>
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<hw>Car"bo*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To apply carbonic acid to; to wash or treat with carbolic acid.</def>

<h1>Carbon</h1>
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<hw>Car"bon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carbone</ets>, fr. L. <ets>carbo</ets> coal; cf, Skr. <?/ to cook.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or tables. When united with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide, commonly called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, according to the proportions of the oxygen; when united with hydrogen, it forms various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare <er>Diamond</er>, and <er>Graphite</er>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Carbon compounds</col>, <col>Compounds of carbon</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>those compounds consisting largely of carbon, commonly produced by animals and plants, and hence called <i>organic compounds<i>, though their synthesis may be effected in many cases in the laboratory.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>The formation of the <b>compounds of carbon</b> is not dependent upon the life process.
<i>I. Remsen</i></blockquote>

<cs>-<mcol><col>Carbon dioxide</col>, <col>Carbon monoxide</col></mcol>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Carbonic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Carbon light</col> <cd><fld>(Elec.)</fld>, an extremely brilliant electric light produced by passing a galvanic current through two carbon points kept constantly with their apexes neary in contact.</cd> -- <col>Carbon point</col> <cd><fld>(Elec.)</fld>, a small cylinder or bit of gas carbon moved forward by clockwork so that, as it is burned away by the electric current, it shall contantly maintain its proper relation to the opposing point.</cd> -- <col>Carbon tissue</col>, <cd>paper coated with gelatine and pigment, used in the autotype process of photography. <i>Abney</i>.</cd> -- <col>Gas carbon</col>, <cd>a compact variety of carbon obtained as an incrustation on the interior of gas retorts, and used for the manufacture of the carbon rods of pencils for the voltaic, arc, and for the plates of voltaic batteries, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carbonaceous</h1>
<Xpage=216>

<hw>Car"bo*na`ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, containing, or composed of, carbon.</def>

<h1>Carbonade, Carbonado</h1>
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<hw><hw>Car"bo*nade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Car`bo*na"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>carbonnade</ets>, It. <ets>carbonata</ets>, Sp. <ets>carbonada</ets>, from L. <ets>carbo</ets> coal.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Flesh, fowl, etc., cut across, seasoned, and broiled on coals; a chop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Carbonado, Carbonade</h1>
<Xpage=216>

<hw><hw>Car`bo*na"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Car"bo*nade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Carbonadoed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Carbonadoing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut (meat) across for frying or broiling; to cut or slice and broil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A short-legged hen daintily <b>carbonadoed</b>.
<i>Bean. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cut or hack, as in fighting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I'll so <b>carbonado</b> your shanks.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carbonado</h1>
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<hw>Car`bo*na"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Carbonadoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Pg., carbonated.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A black variety of diamond, found in Brazil, and used for diamond drills. It occurs in irregular or rounded fragments, rarely distinctly crystallized, with a texture varying from compact to porous.</def>

<h1>Carbonarism</h1>
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<hw>Car`bo*na"rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles, practices, or organization of the Carbonari.</def>

<h1>Carbonaro</h1>
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<hw>Car`bo*na"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Carbonari</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[It., a coal man.]</ety> <def>A member of a secret political association in Italy, organized in the early part of the nineteenth centry for the purpose of changing the government into a republic.</def>

<note>&hand; The origin of the <i>Carbonari</i> is uncertain, but the society is said to have first met, in 1808, among the charcoal burners of the mountains, whose phraseology they adopted.</note>

<h1>Carbonatation</h1>
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<hw>Car`bon*a*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Carbonate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Sugar Making)</fld> <def>The saturation of defecated beet juice with carbonic acid gas.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Carbonate</h1>
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<hw>Car"bon*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>carbonate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt or carbonic acid, as in limestone, some forms of lead ore, etc.</def>

<h1>Carbonated</h1>
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<hw>Car"bon*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Combined or impregnated with carbonic acid.</def>

<h1>Carbone</h1>
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<hw>Car"bone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Carbonado</er>.]</ety> <def>To broil. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "We had a calf's head <i>carboned</i>".</def>

<i>Pepys.</i>

<h1>Carbonic</h1>
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<hw>Car*bon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>carbonique</ets>. See <er>Carbon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, carbon; <as>as, <ex>carbonic</ex> oxide</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Carbonic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an acid <chform>H2CO3</chform>, not existing separately, which, combined with positive or basic atoms or radicals, forms carbonates. On common language the term is very generally applied to a compound of carbon and oxygen, <chform>CO2</chform>, more correctly called <i>carbon dioxide<i>. It is a colorless, heavy, irrespirable gas, extinguishing flame, and when breathed destroys life. It can be reduced to a liquid and solid form by intense pressure. It is produced in the fermentation of liquors, and by the combustion and decomposition of organic substances, or other substances containing carbon. It is formed in the explosion of fire damp in mines, and is hance called <i>after damp<i>; it is also know as <i>choke damp<i>, and <i>mephilic air<i>. Water will absorb its own volume of it, and more than this under pressure, and in this state becomes the common soda water of the shops, and the carbonated water of natural springs. Combined with lime it constitutes limestone, or common marble and chalk. Plants imbibe it for their nutrition and growth, the carbon being retained and the oxygen given out.</cd> -- <col>Carbonic oxide</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a colorless gas, <chform>CO</chform>, of a light odor, called more correctly <i>carbon monoxide<i>. It is almost the only definitely known compound in which carbon seems to be divalent. It is a product of the incomplete combustion of carbon, and is an abundant constituent of water gas. It is fatal to animal life, extinguishes combustion, and burns with a pale blue flame, forming carbon dioxide.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="217">
Page 217<p>

<h1>Carbonide</h1>
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<hw>Car"bon*ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A carbide.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Carboniferous</h1>
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<hw>Car`bon*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing or containing carbon or coal.</def>

<cs><col>Carboniferous age</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the age immediately following the <i>Devonian<i>, or <i>Age of fishes<i>, and characterized by the vegatation which formed the coal beds. This age embraces three periods, the <i>Subcarboniferous<i>, the <i>Carboniferous<i>, and <i>Permian<i>. See <cref>Age of acrogens</cref>, under <er>Acrogen</er>.</cd> -- <col>Carboniferous formation</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the series of rocks (including sandstones, shales, limestones, and conglomerates, with beds of coal) which make up the strata of the <i>Carboniferous age &or; period</i>. See the Diagram under <er>Geology</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carbonization</h1>
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<hw>Car`bon*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>carbonisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of carbonizing.</def>

<h1>Carbonize</h1>
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<hw>Car"bon*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Carbonized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Carbonizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>carboniser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover (an animal or vegatable substance) into a residue of carbon by the action of fire or some corrosive agent; to char.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To impregnate or combine with carbon, as in making steel by cementation.</def>

<h1>Carbonometer</h1>
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<hw>Car`bon*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for detecting and measuring the amount of carbon which is present, or more esp. the amount of carbon dioxide, by its action on limewater or by other means.</def>

<h1>Carbonyl</h1>
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<hw>Car"bon*yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The radical <chform>(CO)\'b7\'b7</chform>, occuring, always combined, in many compounds, as the aldehydes, the ketones, urea, carbonyl chloride, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; Though denoted by a formula identical with that of carbon monoxide, it is chemically distinct, as carbon seems to be divalent in carbon monoxide, but tetravalent in carbonyl compounds.</note>

<cs><col>Carbonyl chloride</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a colorless gas, <chform>COCl2</chform>, of offensive odor, and easily condensable to liquid.  It is formed from chlorine and carbon monoxide, under the influence of light, and hence has been called <altname>phosgene gas</altname>; -- called also <altname>carbon oxychloride</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carbostyril</h1>
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<hw>Car`bo*sty"ril</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>styr</ets>ene.]</ety> <def>A white crystalline substance, <chform>C9H6N.OH</chform>, of acid properties derived from one of the amido cinnamic acids.</def>

<h1>Carboxide</h1>
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<hw>Car*box"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>oxide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of carbon and oxygen, as carbonyl, with some element or radical; <as>as, potassium <ex>carboxide</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Potassium carboxide</col>, <cd>a grayish explosive crystalline compound, <chform>C6O6K</chform>, obtained by passing carbon monoxide over heated potassium.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carboxyl</h1>
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<hw>Car*box"yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>oxygen</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The complex radical, <chform>CO.OH</chform>, regarded as the essential and characteristic constituent which all oxygen acids of carbon (as formic, acetic, benzoic acids, etc.) have in common; -- called also <altname>oxatyl</altname>.</def>

<h1>Carboy</h1>
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<hw>Car"boy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Ir. & Gael <ets>carb</ets> basket; or Pers <ets>qur\'bebah</ets> a sort of bottle.]</ety> <def>A large, globular glass bottle, esp. one of green glass, inclosed in basket work or in a box, for protection; -- used commonly for carrying corrosive liquids; as sulphuric acid, etc.</def>

<h1>Carbuncle</h1>
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<hw>Car"bun*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>carbunculus</ets> a little coal, a bright kind of precious stone, a kind of tumor, dim. of <ets>carbo</ets> coal: cf. F. <ets>carboncle</ets>. See <er>Carbon</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A beautiful gem of a deep red color (with a mixture of scarlet) called by the Greeks <i>anthrax</i>; found in the East Indies. When held up to the sun, it loses its deep tinge, and becomes of the color of burning coal. The name belongs for the most part to ruby sapphire, though it has been also given to red spinel and garnet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A very painful acute local inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue, esp. of the trunk or back of the neck, characterized by brawny hardness of the affected parts, sloughing of the skin and deeper tissues, and marked constitutional depression. It differs from a boil in size, tendency to spread, and the absence of a central core, and is frequently fatal. It is also called <altname>anthrax</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A charge or bearing supposed to represent the precious stone. It has eight scepters or staves radiating from a common center. Called also <altname>escarbuncle</altname>.</def>

<h1>Carbuncled</h1>
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<hw>Car"bun*cled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Set with carbuncles.</def>

<blockquote>He has deserves it [armor], were it <b>carbuncled</b>
Like holy Phabus' car.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affected with a carbuncle or carbuncles; marked with red sores; pimpled and blotched.</def> "A <i>carbuncled</i> face."

<i>Brome.</i>

<h1>Carbuncular</h1>
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<hw>Car*bun"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to a carbuncle; resembling a carbuncle; red; inflamed.</def>

<h1>Carbunculation</h1>
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<hw>Car*bun`cu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>carbunculatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The blasting of the young buds of trees or plants, by excessive heat or caold.</def>

<i>Harris.</i>

<h1>Carburet</h1>
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<hw>Car"bu*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Carbon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A carbide. See <er>Carbide</er></def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Carburet</h1>
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<hw>Car"bu*ret</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Carbureted</er> or <er>Carburetted</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Carbureting</er> or <er>Carburetting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To combine or to impregnate with carbon, as by passing through or over a liquid hydrocarbon; to carbonize or carburize.</def>

<blockquote>By <b>carbureting</b> the gas you may use poorer coal.
<i>Knight.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carburetant</h1>
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<hw>Car"bu*ret`ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any volatile liquid used in charging illuminating gases.</def>

<h1>Carbureted</h1>
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<hw>Car"bu*ret`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined with carbon in the manner of a carburet or carbide.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Saturated or impregnated with some volatile carbon compound; <as>as, water gas is <ex>carbureted</ex> to increase its illuminating power</as>.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>carburetted</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Carbureted hydrogen gas</col>, <cd>any one of several gaseous compounds of carbon and hydrogen, some of with make up illuminating gas.</cd> -- <col>Light carbureted hydrogen</col>, <cd>marsh gas, <chform>CH4</chform>; fire damp<--; methane-->.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carburetor</h1>
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<hw>Car"bu*ret`or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus in which coal gas, hydrogen, or air is passed through or over a volatile hydrocarbon, in order to confer or increase illuminating power.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>carburettor</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Carburization</h1>
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<hw>Car"bu*ri*za`tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act, process, or result of carburizing.</def>

<h1>Carburize</h1>
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<hw>Car"bu*rize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Carburized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. N.</tt> <er>Carburizing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To combine wtih carbon or a carbon compound; -- said esp. of a process for conferring a higher degree of illuminating power on combustible gases by mingling them with a vapor of valatile hydrocarbons.</def>

<h1>Carcajou</h1>
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<hw>Car"ca*jou</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Probably a Canadian French corruption of an Indian name of the wolverene.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wolverence; -- also applied, but erroneously, to the Canada lynx, and sometimes to the American badger. See <er>Wolverene</er>.</def>

<h1>Carcanet</h1>
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<hw>Car"ca*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. fr. F. <ets>carcan</ets> the iron collar or chain of a criminal, a chain of preciousstones, LL. <ets>carcannum</ets>, fr. Armor.  <ets>kerchen</ets> bosom, neck, <ets>kechen</ets> collar, fr. <ets>kelch</ets> circle; or Icel. <ets>kverk</ets> troat, OHG, <ets>querca</ets> throat.]</ety> <def>A jeweled chain, necklace, or collar.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>carkenet</asp> and <asp>carcant</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Carcase</h1>
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<hw>Car"case</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Carcass</er>.</def>

<h1>Carcass</h1>
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<hw>Car"cass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Carcasses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <altsp>[Written also <asp>carcase</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[F. <ets>carcasse</ets>, fr. It. <ets>carcassa</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caro</ets> flesh + <ets>capsa</ets> chest, box, case. Cf. <er>Carnal</er>, <er>Case</er> a sheath.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A dead body, whether of man or beast; a corpse; now commonly the dead body of a beast.</def>

<blockquote>He turned to see the <b>carcass</b> of the lion.
<i>Judges xiv. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This kept thousands in the town whose <b>carcasses</b> went into the great pits by cartloads.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The living body; -- now commonly used in contempt or ridicule.</def> "To pamper his own <i>carcass</i>."

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>Lovely her face; was ne'er so fair a creature.
For earthly <b>carcass</b> had a heavenly feature.
<i>Oldham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The abandoned and decaying remains of some bulky and once comely thing, as a ship; the skeleton, or the uncovered or unfinished frame, of a thing.</def>

<blockquote>A rotten <b>carcass</b> of a boat.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A hollow case or shell, filled with combustibles, to be thrown from a mortar or howitzer, to set fire to buldings, ships, etc.</def>

<blockquote>A discharge of <b>carcasses</b> and bombshells.
<i>W. Iving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carcavelhos</h1>
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<hw>Car`ca*vel"hos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sweet wine. See <er>Calcavella</er>.</def>

<h1>Carcelage</h1>
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<hw>Car"ce*lage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>carcelladium</ets>, <ets>carceragium</ets>, fr. L. <ets>carcer</ets> prison.]</ety> <def>Prison fees.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Carcel lamp</h1>
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<hw>Car"cel lamp`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Named after <er>Carcel</er>, the inventor.]</ety> <def>A French mechanical lamp, for lighthouses, in which a superbundance of oil is pumped to the wick tube by clockwork.</def>

<h1>Carceral</h1>
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<hw>Car"cer*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>carceralis</ets>, fr. <ets>carcer</ets> prison.]</ety> <def>Belonging a prison.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Carcinological</h1>
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<hw>Car`ci*no*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to carcinology.</def>

<h1>Carcinology</h1>
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<hw>Car`ci*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a crab + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The depertment of <i>zo\'94logy</i> which treats of the <spn>Crustacea</spn> (lobsters, crabs, etc.); -- called also <altname>malacostracology</altname> and <altname>crustaceology</altname>.</def>

<h1>Carcinoma</h1>
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<hw>Car`ci*no"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ crab, cancer. See <er>-oma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cancer. By some medical writers, the term is applied to an indolent tumor. See <er>Cancer</er>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Carcinomatous</h1>
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<hw>Car`ci*nom"a*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to carcinoma.</def>

<h1>Carcinosys</h1>
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<hw>Car`ci*no"sys</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ cancer.]</ety> <def>The affection of the system with cancer.</def>

<h1>Card</h1>
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<hw>Card</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carte</ets>, fr. L. <ets>charta</ets> paper, Gr. <?/ a leaf of paper. Cf. <er>Chart</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of pasteboard, or thick paper, blank or prepared for various uses; <as>as, a playing <ex>card</ex>; a visiting <ex>card</ex>; a <ex>card</ex> of invitation</as>; <pluf>pl.</pluf> a game played with cards.</def>

<blockquote>Our first <b>cards</b> were to Carabas House.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A published note, containing a brief statement, explanation, request, expression of thanks, or the like; <as>as, to put a <ex>card</ex> in the newspapers</as>. Also, a printed programme, and (<i>fig</i>.), an attraction or inducement; <as>as, this will be a good <ex>card</ex> for the last day of the fair</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A paper on which the points of the compass are marked; the dial or face of the mariner's compass.</def>

<blockquote>All the quartere that they know
I' the shipman's <b>card</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A perforated pasteboard or sheet-metal plate for warp threads, making part of the Jacquard apparatus of a loom. See <er>Jacquard</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An indicator card. See under <er>Indicator</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Business card</col>, <cd>a card on which is printed an advertisement or business address.</cd> -- <col>Card basket</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A basket to hold visiting cards left by callers.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A basket made of cardboard.</cd> -- <col>Card catalogue</col>. <cd>See <er>Catalogue</er>.</cd> -- <col>Card rack</col>, <cd>a rack or frame for holding and displaying business or visiting card.</cd> -- <col>Card table</col>, <cd>a table for use inplaying cards, esp. one having a leaf which folds over.</cd> -- <col>On the cards</col>, <cd>likely to happen; foretold and expected but not yet brought to pass; -- a phrase of fortune tellers that has come into common use; also, according to the programme.</cd> -- <col>Playing card</col>, <cd>cards used in playing games; specifically, the cards cards used playing which and other games of chance, and having each pack divided onto four kinds or suits called hearts, diamonds, clubs, and spades. The full or whist pack contains fifty-two cards.</cd> -- <col>To have the cards in one's own hands</col>, <cd>to have the winning cards; to have the means of success in an undertaking.</cd> -- <col>To play one's cards well</col>, <cd>to make no errors; to act shrewdly.</cd> -- <col>To play snow one's cards</col>, <cd>to expose one's plants to rivals or foes.</cd> -- <col>To speak by the card</col>, <cd>to speak from information and definitely, not by guess as in telling a ship's bearing by the compass card.</cd> -- <col>Visiting card</col>, <cd>a small card bearing the name, and sometimes the address, of the person presenting it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Card</h1>
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<hw>Card</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Carded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Carding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To play at cards; to game.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Card</h1>
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<hw>Card</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carde</ets> teasel, the head of a thistle, card, from L. <ets>carduus</ets>, <ets>cardus</ets>, thistle, fr. <ets>carere</ets> to card.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument for disentangling and arranging the fibers of cotton, wool, flax, etc.; or for cleaning and smoothing the hair of animals; -- usually consisting of bent wire teeth set closely in rows in a thick piece of leather fastened to a back.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A roll or sliver of fiber (as of wool) delivered from a carding machine.</def>

<cs><col>Card clothing</col>, <cd>strips of wire-toothed card used for covering the cylinders of carding machines.</cd></cs>

<h1>Card</h1>
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<hw>Card</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To comb with a card; to cleanse or disentangle by carding; <as>as, to <ex>card</ex> wool; to <ex>card</ex> a horse.</as></def>

<blockquote>These <b>card</b> the short comb the longer flakes.
<i>Dyer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To clean or clear, as if by using a card.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This book [must] be <b>carded</b> and purged.
<i>T. Shelton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To mix or mingle, as with an inferior or weaker article.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>You <b>card</b> your beer, if you guests being to be drunk. -- half small, half strong.
<i>Greene.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In the manufacture of wool, cotton, etc., the process of carding disentangles and collects together all the fibers, of whatever length, and thus differs from combing, in which the longer fibers only are collected, while the short straple is combed away. See <er>Combing</er>.</note>

<h1>Cardamine</h1>
<Xpage=217>

<hw>Car"da*mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cardamina</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>cardamine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of cruciferous plants, containing the lady's-smock, cuckooflower, bitter cress, meadow cress, etc.</def>

<h1>Cardamom</h1>
<Xpage=217>

<hw>Car"da*mom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cardamonun</ets>, Gr. <?/]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The aromatic fruit, or capsule with its seeds, of several plants of the Ginger family growing in the East Indies and elsewhere, and much used as a condiment, and in medicine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant which prduces cardamoms, esp. <i>Elettaria Cardamomum</i> and several of <i>Amommum</i>.</def>

<h1>Cardboard</h1>
<Xpage=217>

<hw>Card"board</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stiff compact pasteboard of various qualities, for making cards, etc., often having a polished surface.</def>

<h1>Cardcase</h1>
<Xpage=217>

<hw>Card"case`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A case for visiting cards.</def>

<h1>Cardecu</h1>
<Xpage=217>

<hw>Car"de*cu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupt, from F. <ets>quart d'\'82cu</ets>.]</ety> <def>A quarter of a crown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The bunch of them were not worth a <b>cardecu</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carder</h1>
<Xpage=217>

<hw>Card"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which cards wool flax, etc.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cardia</h1>
<Xpage=217>

<hw>Car"di*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ heart, or upper orifice of the stomach.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The heart.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The anterior or cardiac orifice of the stomach, where the esophagus enters it.</def>

<h1>Cardiac</h1>
<Xpage=217>

<hw>Car"di*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cardiacus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <?/ heart: cf. F. <ets>cardiaque</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, resembling, or hear the heart; <as>as, the <ex>cardiac</ex> arteries; the <ex>cardiac</ex>, or left, end of the stomach.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Exciting action in the heart, through the medium of the stomach; cordial; stimulant.</def>

<cs><col>Cardiac passion</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>cardialgia; heartburn.</cd> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> -- <col>Cardiac wheel</col>. <cd><fld>(Mach.)</fld> See <er>Heart wheel</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cardiac</h1>
<Xpage=217>

<hw>Car"di*ac</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine which excites action in the stomach; a cardial.</def>

<h1>Cardiacal</h1>
<Xpage=217>

<hw>Car*di"a*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cardiac.</def>

<h1>Cardiacle</h1>
<Xpage=217>

<hw>Car"di*a*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pain about the heart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Cardiagraph</h1>
<Xpage=217>

<hw>Car"di*a*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cardiograph</er>.</def>

<h1>Cardialgla, Cardialgy</h1>
<Xpage=217>

<hw><hw>Car`di*al"gl*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Car"di*al`gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>cardialgia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ heart + <?/ pain: cf. F. <ets>cardialgie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A burning or gnawing pain, or feeling of distress, referred to the region of the heart, accompanied with cardisc palpitation; heartburn. It is usually a symptom of indigestion.</def>

<h1>Cardigan jacket</h1>
<Xpage=217>

<hw>Car"di*gan jack`et</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[From the Earl of <ets>Cardigan</ets>, who was famous in the Crimean campaign of 1854-55.]</ety> <def>A warm jacket of knit worsted with or without sleeves.</def>

<h1>Cardinal</h1>
<Xpage=217>

<hw>Car"di*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cardinalis</ets>, fr. <ets>cardo</ets> the hing of a door, that on which a thing turns or depends: cf. F. <ets>cardinal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of fundamental importance; pre\'89minet; superior; chief; principal.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>cardinal</b> intersections of the zodiac.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Impudence is now a <b>cardinal</b> virtue.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But <b>cardinal</b> sins, and hollow hearts, I fear ye.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Cardinal numbers</col>, <cd>the numbers <i>one<i>, <i>two<i>, <i>three<i>, etc., in distinction from <i>first<i>, <i>second<i>, <i>third<i>, etc., which are called <i>ordinal numbers<i>.</cd> -- <col>Cardinal points</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>The four principal points of the compass, or intersections of the horizon with the meridian and the prime vertical circle, north, south east, and west.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <cd>The rising and setting of the sun, the zenith and nadir. -- <col>Cardinal signs</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>Aries, Lidra, Cancer, and Capricorn.</cd> -- <col>Cardinal teeth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the central teeth of bivalve shell. See <er>Bivalve</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cardinal veins</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the veins in vertebrate embryos, which run each side of the vertebral column and returm the blood to the heart. They remain through life in some fishes.</cd> -- <col>Cardinal virtues</col>, <cd>pre\'89minent virtues; among the ancients, prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude.</cd> -- <col>Cardinal winds</col>, <cd>winds which blow from the cardinal points due north, south, east, or west.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cardinal</h1>
<Xpage=217>

<hw>Car"di*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carinal</ets>, It. <ets>cardinale</ets>, LL. <ets>cardimalis</ets> (ecclesi\'91 Roman\'91). See <er>Cardinal</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>1. <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> One of the ecclesiastical prince who constitute the pope's council, or the sacred college.</def>

<blockquote>The clerics of the supreme Chair are called <b>Cardinals</b>, as undoubtedly adhering more nearly to the hinge by which all things are moved.
<i>Pope Leo IX.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The <i>cardinals</i> are appointed by the pope. Since the time of Sixtus V., their number can never exceed seventy (six of episcopal rank, fifty priests, fourteen deacons), and the number of cardinal priests and deacons is seldom full. When the papel chair is vacant a pope is elected by the college of cardinals from among themselves. The cardinals take procedence of all dignitaries except the pope. The principal parts of a cardinal's costume are a red cassock, a rochet, a short purple mantle, and a red hat with a small crown and broad, brim, with cards and tessels of a special pattern hanging from it.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A woman's short cloak with a hood.</def>

<blockquote>Where's your <b>cardinal</b>! Make haste.
<i>Lloyd.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Mulled red wine.</def>

<i>Hotten.</i>

<hr>
<page="218">
Page 218<p>

<cs><mcol><col>Cardinal bird</col>, &or; <col>Cardinal grosbeak</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American song bird (<spn>Cardinalis cardinalis</spn>, or <spn>C. Virginianus</spn>), of the family <spn>Fringillid\'91</spn>, or finches having a bright red plumage, and a high, pointed crest on its head. The males have loud and musical notes resembling those of a fife. Other related species are also called <i>cardinal birds<i>.</cd> -- <col>Cardinal flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an herbaceous plant (<spn>Lobelia cardinalis</spn>) bearing brilliant red flowers of much beauty.</cd> -- <col>Cardinal red</col>, <cd>color like that of a cardinal's cassock, hat, etc.; a bright red, darket than scarlet, and between scarlet and crimson.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cardinalate</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car"di*nal*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cardinalat</ets>, LL. <ets>cardinalatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office, rank, or dignity of a cardinal.</def>

<h1>Cardinalize</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car"di*nal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exalt to the office of a cardinal.</def>

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<h1>Cardinalship</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car"di*nal*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition, dignity, of office of a cardinal</def>

<h1>Carding</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Card"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of preparing staple for spinning, etc., bycarding it. See the Note under <er>Card</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A roll of wool or other fiber as it comes from the carding machine.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Carding engine</col>, <col>Carding machine</col></mcol>, <cd>a machine for carding cotton, wool, or other fiber, by subjecting it to the action of cylinders, or drum covered with wire-toothed cards, revoling nearly in contact with each other, at different rates of speed, or in opposite directions, The staple issues in soft sheets, or in slender rolls called <i>sivers<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cardiograph</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car"di*o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ heart + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument which, when placed in contact with the chest, will register graphically the comparative duration and intensity of the heart's movements.</def>

<h1>Cardiographic</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car`di*o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to, or produced by, a cardiograph.</def>

<h1>Cardioid</h1>
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<hw>Car"di*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. (<?/) heart-sheped; <?/ herat + <?/ shape.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An algebraic curve, so called from its resemblance to a heart.</def>

<h1>Cardioinhibitory</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car`di*o*in*hib"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Checking or arresting the heart's action.</def>

<h1>Cardiolgy</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car`di*ol"*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ heat + <ets>-ology</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the heart and its functions.</def>

<h1>Cardiometry</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car`di*om"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ heart + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Measurement of the heart, as by percussion or auscultation.</def>

<h1>Cardiosphygmograph</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car`di*o*sphyg"mo*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A combination of cardiograph and shygmograph.</def>

<h1>Carditis</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car*di"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ heart + <ets>-itis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cardile</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the fleshy or muscular substance of the heart. See <er>Endocardris</er> and <er>Pericarditis</er>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Cardo</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cardies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu>) <ety>[L., a hinge.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The basal joint of the maxilla in insects.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The hinge of a bivalve shell.</def>

<h1>Cardol</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car"dol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Ana<ets>cardium</ets> generic name of the cashew + L. <ets>oleum oil</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow oil liquid, extracted from the shell of the cashew nut.</def>

<h1>Cardoon</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car*doon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cardon</ets>. The same word as F. <ets>cardon</ets> thistle, fr. L. <ets>carduus</ets>, <ets>cardus</ets>, LL. <ets>cardo</ets>. See 3d <er>Card</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large herbaceos plant (<spn>Cynara Cardunculus</spn>) related to the artichoke; -- used in cookery and as a sald.</def>

<h1>Care</h1>
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<hw>Care</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>caru</ets>, <ets>cearu</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>kara</ets> sorrow Goth. <ets>kara</ets> lament, and to <ets>Gr</ets>. <ets><?/ voice</ets>. <ets>Not akin to cure</ets>. Cf. <er>Chary</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A burdensome sense of responsibility; trouble caused by onerous duties; anxiety; concern; solicitude.</def>

<blockquote><b>Care</b> keeps his wath in every old man's eye,
And where <b>care</b> lodges, sleep will never lie.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Charge, oversight, or management, implying responsibility for safety and prosperity.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>care</b> of all the churches.
<i>2 Car. xi. 28</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Him thy <b>care</b> must be to find.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Perlexed with a thousand <b>cares</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Attention or heed; caution; regard; heedfulness; watchfulness; <as>as, take <ex>care</ex>; have a <ex>care</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>I thank thee for thy <b>care</b> and honest pains.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The object of watchful attention or anxiety.</def>

<blockquote>Right sorrowfully mourning her bereaved <b>cares</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Anxiety; solicitude; concern; caution; regard; management; direction; oversight. -- <er>Care</er>, <er>Anxiety</er>, <er>Solicitude</er>, <er>Concern</er>. These words express mental pain in different degress. <i>Care</i> belongs primarily to the intellect, and becomes painful from overburdened thought. <i>Anxiety</i> denotes a state of distressing uneasiness fron the dread of evil. <i>Solicitude</i> expresses the same feeling in a diminished dagree. <i>Concern</i> is opposed to <i>indifference</i>, and implies exercise of anxious thought more or less intense. We are <i>careful</i> about the means, <i>solicitous</i> and <i>anxious</i> about the end; we are <i>solicitous</i> to obtain a good, <i>axious</i> to avoid an evil.</syn>

<h1>Care</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Care</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cared</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Caring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>cearian</ets>. See <er>Care</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To be anxious or solictous; to be concerned; to have regard or interest; -- sometimes followed by an objective of measure.</def>

<blockquote>I would not <b>care</b> a pin, if the other three were in.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Master, <b>carest</b> thou not that we perish?
<i>Mark. iv. 38.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To care for</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To have under watchful attention; to take care of.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To have regard or affection for; to like or love.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>He <b>cared</b> not for the affection of the house.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Careen</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Ca*reen"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Careened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Careening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>cariner</ets>, F. <ets>car\'82ner</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>car\'8ane</ets>, the bottom of a ship, keel, fr. L. <ets>carina</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To cause (a vessel) to lean over so that she floats on one side, leaving the other side out of water and accessible for repairs below the water line; to case to be off the keel.</def>

<h1>Careen</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Ca*reen"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To incline to one side, or lie over, as a ship when sailing on a wind; to be off the keel.</def>

<h1>Careenage</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Ca*reen"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>car\'82nage</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Expense of careening ships.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A place for careening.</def>

<h1>Career</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Ca*reer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carri\'8are</ets> race course, high road, street, fr. L. <ets>carrus</ets> wagon. See <er>Car</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A race course: the ground run over.</def>

<blockquote>To go back again the same <b>career</b>.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A running; full speed; a rapid course.</def>

<blockquote>When a horse is running in his full <b>career</b>.
<i>Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>General course of action or conduct in life, or in a particular part or calling in life, or in some special undertaking; usually applied to course or conduct which is of a pubic character; <as>as, Washington's <ex>career</ex> as a soldier</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An impartial view of his whole <b>career</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Falconary)</fld> <def>The fight of a hawk.</def>

<h1>Career</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Ca*reer"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Careered</er> 3; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Careering</er>]</wordforms> <def>To move or run rapidly.</def>

<blockquote><b>areering</b> gayly over the curling waves.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Careful</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Care"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cearful</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of care; anxious; solicitous</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Be <b>careful</b> [Rev. Ver. "anxious"] for nothing.
<i>Phil. iv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>careful</b> plowman doubting stands.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Filling with care or colicitube; exposing to concern, anxiety, or trouble; painful.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>careful</b> cold beinneth for to creep.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By Him that raised me to this <b>careful</b> height.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Taking care; gicing good heed; watchful; cautious; provident; not indifferent heedless, or reckless; -- often follower by<i>of</i>, <i>for</i>, or the infinitive; <as>as, <ex>careful</ex> of money; <ex>careful</ex> to do right.</as></def>

<blockquote>Thou hast been careful for us with all this care.
<i>2. Kings iv, 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What could a <b>careful</b> father more have done?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Anxious; solicitous; provident; thoughtful; cautious; circumspect; heedful; watchful; vigilant.</syn>

<h1>Carefully</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Care"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a careful manner.</def>

<h1>Carefulness</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Care"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality or state of being careful.</def>

<h1>Careless</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Care"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cearle\'a0s</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Free from care or anxiety. hence, cheerful; light-hearted.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Sleep she as sound as <b>careless</b> infancy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having no care; not taking ordinary or proper care; negligent; unconcerned; heedless; inattentive; unmindful; regardless.</def>

<blockquote>My brother was too <b>careless</b> of his charge.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He grew <b>careless</b> of himself.
<i>Steele.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Without thought or purpose; without due care; without attention to rule or system; unstudied; inconsiderate; spontaneouse; rash; <as>as, a <ex>careless</ex> throw; a <ex>careless</ex> expression.</as></def>

<blockquote>He framed the <b>careless</b> rhyme.
<i>Beatie.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not receiving care; uncared for.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Their many wounds and <b>careless</b> hatms.
<i>Spemser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Negligent; heedless; thoughtless; unthinking; inattentive; incautious; remiss; forgetful; regardless; inconsiderate; listless.</syn>

<h1>Carelessly</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Care"less*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a careless manner.</def>

<h1>Carelessness</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Care"less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being careless; heedlessness; negligenece; inattention.</def>

<h1>Carene</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Ca*rene"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>carena</ets>, corrupted fr. <ets>quarentena</ets>. See <er>Quarantine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Ecol.)</fld> <def>A fast of forty days on bread and water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Caress</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Ca*ress"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>caresse</ets>, It. <ets>carezza</ets>, LL. <ets>caritia</ets> dearness, fr. L. <ets>carus</ets> dear. See <er>Charity</er>.]</ety> <def>An act of endearment; any act or expression of affection; an embracing, or touching, with tenderness.</def>

<blockquote>Wooed her with his soft <b>caresses</b>.
<i>Langfellow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He exerted himself to win by indulgence and <b>caresses</b> the hearts of all who were under his command.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Caress</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Ca*ress"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Caressed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Caressing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>caresser</ets>, fr. It. <ets>carezzare</ets>, fr. <ets>carezza</ets> caress. See <er>Caress</er>., <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To treat with tokens of fondness, affection, or kindness; to touch or speak to in a loving or endearing manner; to fondle.</def>

<blockquote>The lady <b>caresses</b> the rough bloodhoun.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To foundle; embrace; pet; coddle; court; flatter.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Caress</er>, <er>Fondle</er>. "We <i>caress</i> by words or actions; we <i>fondle</i> by actions only."</usage>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Caressingly</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Ca*ress"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>ad.</tt> <def>In caressing manner.</def>

<h1>Caret</h1>
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<hw>Ca"ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caret</ets> there is wanting, fr. <ets>carere</ets> to want.]</ety> <def>A mark [^] used by writers and proof readers to indicate that something is interlined above, or inserted in the margin, which belongs in the place marked by the caret.</def>

<h1>Caret</h1>
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<hw>Ca`ret"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a species of tortoise.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hawkbill turtle. See <er>Hawkbill</er>.</def>

<h1>Caretuned</h1>
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<hw>Care"*tuned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Weary; mournful.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Careworn</h1>
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<hw>Care"worn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worn or burdened with care; <as>as, <ex>careworn</ex> look or face</as>.</def>

<h1>Carex</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Ca"rex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., sedge.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A numerous and widely distributed genus of perennial herbaceous plants of the order <i>Cypreace\'91</i>; the sedges.</def>

<h1>Carf</h1>
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<hw>Carf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>pret.</tt> of <er>Carve</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Cargason</h1>
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<hw>Car"ga*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cargaison</ets>, Sp. <ets>cargazon</ets>, LL. <ets>cargare</ets> to load. See <er>rgo</er>.]</ety> <def>A cargo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cargo</h1>
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<hw>Car"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cargoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Sp. <ets>cargo</ets>, <ets>carga</ets>, burden, load, from <ets>cargar</ets> to load, from <ets>cargar</ets> to load, charge, See <er>Charge</er>.]</ety> <def>The lading or freight of a ship or other vessel; the goods, merchandise, or whatever is conveyed in a vessel or boat; load; freight.</def>

<blockquote><b>Cargoes</b> of food or clothing.
<i>E. Everett.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The term <i>cargo</i>, in law, is usually applied to goods only, and not to live animals or persons.</note>

<i>Burill.</i>

<h1>Cargoose</h1>
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<hw>Car"goose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. fr. Gael. & Ir. <ets>cir</ets>, <ets>cior</ets> (pronounced kir, kior), crest, comb + E. <ets>goose</ets>. Cf. <er>Crebe</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of grebe (<spn>Podiceps crisratus</spn>); the crested grebe.</def>

<h1>\'80ariama</h1>
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<hw>\'80a"ri*a"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, long-legged South American bird (<spn>Dicholophus cristatus</spn>) which preys upon snakes, etc. See <er>Seriema</er>.</def>

<h1>Carib</h1>
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<hw>Car"ib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Caries</plw>.</plu> <ety>[See <er>Cannibal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Ethol.)</fld> <def>A native of the Caribbee islands or the coaste of the Caribbean sea; esp., one of a tribe of Indians inhabiting a region of South America, north of the Amazon, and formerly most of the West India islands.</def>

<h1>Caribbean, Caribbee</h1>
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<hw><hw>Car`ib*be"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Car`ib*bee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Caribs, to their islands (the eastern and southern West Indies), or to the sea (called the Caribbean sa) lying between those islands and Central America.</def>

<h1>Caribbee</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car"ib*bee</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Carib.</def>

<h1>Caribe</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Ca*ri"be</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. a cannibal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld>. <def>A south American fresh water fish of the genus <spn>Serrasalmo</spn> of many species, remakable for its voracity. When numerous they attack man or beast, often with fatal results.</def>

<h1>Caribou</h1>
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<hw>Car"i*bou</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Canadian French.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American reindeer, especially the common or woodland species (<spn>Rangifer Caribou</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>Barren Ground caribou</col>. <cd>See under <er>Barren</er>.</cd> -- <col>Woodland caribou</col>, <cd>the common reindeer (<spn>Rangifer Caribou</spn>) of the northern forests of America.</cd></cs>

<h1>Caricature</h1>
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<hw>Car"i*ca*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>caricatura</ets>, fr. <ets>caricare</ets> to charge, overload, exaggerate. See <er>Charge</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An exaggeration, or distortion by exaggeration, of parts or characteristics, as in a picture.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A picture or other figure or description in which the peculiarities of a person or thing are so exaggerated as to appear ridiculous; a burlesque; a parody.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written <asp>caricatura</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>The truest likeness of the prince of French literature will be the one that has most of the look of a <b>caricature</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A grotesque <b>caricature</b> of virtue.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Caricature</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car"i*ca*ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Caricatured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Caricaturing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make or draw a caricature of; to represent with ridiculous exaggeration; to burlesque.</def>

<blockquote>He could draw an ill face, or <b>caricature</b> a good one, with a masterly hand.
<i>Lord Lyttelton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Caricaturist</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car"i*ca*tu`rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who caricatures.</def>

<h1>Caricous</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car"i*cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>carica</ets> a kind of dry fig.]</ety> <def>Of the shape of a fig; <as>as, a <ex>caricous</ex> tumor</as>.</def>

<i>Graig.</i>

<h1>Caries</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Ca"ri*es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[L., decay.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Ulceration of bone; a process in which bone disintegrates and is carried away piecemeal, as distinguished from <i>necrosis</i>, in which it dies in masses.</def>

<h1>Carillon</h1>
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<hw>Car"il*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carillon</ets> a chime of bells, originally consisting of four bells, as if fr.. (assumed) L. <ets>quadrilio</ets>, fr. <ets>quatuer</ets> four.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A chime of bells diatonically tuned, played by clockwork or by finger keys.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tune adapted to be played by musical bells.</def>

<h1>Carina</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Ca*ri"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., keel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A keel</def>. <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of a papilionaceous flower, consisting of two petals, commonly united, which incloses the organs of fructification</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A longitudinal ridge or projection like the keel of a boat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The keel of the breastbone of birds.</def>

<h1>Carinaria</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car`i*na"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>carina</ets> keel.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of oceanic heteropod Mollusca, having a thin, glassy, bonnet-shaped shell, which covers only the nucleus and gills.</def>

<h1>Carinat\'91</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car`i*na"t\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., Fem. pl. fr. L. <er>carinatus</er>. See <er>Carinate</er>.]</ety> <def>A grand division of birds, including all existing flying birds; -- So called from the <i>carina</i> or keel on the breastbone.</def>

<h1>Carinate, Carinated</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw><hw>Car"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Car"i*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>carinatus</ets>, fr. <ets>carina</ets> keel.]</ety> <def>Shaped like the keel or prow of a ship; having a carina or keel; <as>as, a <ex>carinate</ex> calyx or leaf; a <ex>carinate</ex> sternum (of a bird).</as></def>

<h1>Cariole</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car"i*ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carriole</ets>, dim. fr. L. <ets>carrus</ets>. See <er>Car</er>, and <er>Carryall</er>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small, light, open one-horse carriage</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A covered cart</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A kind of calash. See <er>Carryall</er>.</def>

<h1>Cariopsis</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Car"i*op"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Caryopsis</er>.</def>

<h1>Cariosity</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Ca`ri*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Caries.</def>

<h1>Carious</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Ca"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cariosus</ets>, fr. <ets>caries</ets> dacay.]</ety> <def>Affected with caries; decaying; <as>as, a <ex>carious</ex> tooth</as>.</def>

<h1>Cark</h1>
<Xpage=218>

<hw>Cark</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cark</ets>, fr. a dialectic form of F. <ets>charge</ets>; cf. W. <ets>carc</ets> anxiety, care, Arm <ets>karg</ets> charge, burden. See <er>Charge</er>, and cf. <er>Cargo</er>.]</ety> <def>A noxious or corroding care; solicitude; worry.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>

<blockquote>His heavy head, devoid of careful <b>cark</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fling <b>cark</b> and care aside.
<i>Motherwell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ereedom from the cares of money and the <b>cark</b> of fashion.
<i>R. D. Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="219">
Page 219<p>

<h1>Cark</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Cark</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be careful, anxious, solicitous, or troubles in mind; to worry or grieve.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & fl.</i>

<h1>Cark</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Cark</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To vex; to worry; to make by anxious care or worry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Nor can a man, independently . . . of God's blessing, care and <b>cark</b> himself one penny richer.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carkanet</h1>
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<hw>Car"ka*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A carcanet.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Carking</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Cark"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Distressing; worrying; perplexing; corroding; <as>as, <ex>carking</ex> cares</as>.</def>

<h1>Carl</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Carl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel, <ets>karl</ets> a male, a man; akin to AS. <ets>ceorl</ets>, OHG. charal, G. <ets>kerl</ets> fellow. See <er>Churl</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>carle</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rude, rustic man; a churl.</def>

<blockquote>The miller was a stout <b>carl</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Large stalks of hemp which bear the seed; -- called also <altname>carl hemp</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A kind of food. See citation, below.</def>

<blockquote>Caring or <b>carl</b> are gray steeped in water and fried the next day in butter or fat.  They are eaten on the second Sunday before Easter, formerly called <b>Carl</b> Sunday.
<i>Robinson's Whitby Glossary (1875).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carlin</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Car"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim., fr. <ets>carl</ets> male.]</ety> <def>An old woman.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Carline, Caroline</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw><hw>Car"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Car"o*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carin</ets>; cf. It. <ets>carlino</ets>; -- so called from <ets>Carlo</ets> (Charles) VI. of Naples.]</ety> <def>A silver coin once current in some parts of Italy, worth about seven cents.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Carline, Carling</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw><hw>Car"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Car"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>carlingur</ets>, Sp. Pg., & It. <ets>carlinga</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A short timber running lengthwise of a ship, from one transverse desk beam to another; also, one of the cross timbers that strengthen a hath; -- usually in <pluf>pl.</pluf></def>

<h1>Carline thistle</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Car"line this`tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>carline</ets>, It., Sp., & Pg., <ets>carline</ets>, Said to be so called from the Emperor Charlemagne, whose army is reputed to have used it as a remedy for pestilence.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A prickly plant of the genus <spn>Carlina</spn> (<spn>C. vulgaris</spn>), found in Europe and Asia.</def>

<h1>Carlings</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Car"lings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Carl</er>, <er>3</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Carling Sunday</col>, <cd>a Sunday in Lent when carls are eaten. In some parts of England, Passion Sunday. See <er>Carl</er>, <er>4</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carlist</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Car"list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A parisan of <i>Charles X</i>. Of France, or of Dod <i>Carlos</i> of Spain.</def>

<h1>Carlock</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Car"lock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carlock</ets>, fr. Russ. <ets>Karl\'a3k'</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sort of Russian isinglass, made from the air bladder of the sturgeon, and used in clarifying wine.</def>

<h1>Carlot</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Car"lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Carl</er>.]</ety> <def>A churl; a boor; a peasant or countryman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Carlovingian</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Car`lo*vin"gi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>Carlovingen</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, founded by, of descended from, Charlemagne; <as>as, the <ex>Carlovingian</ex> race of kings</as>.</def>

<h1>Carmagnole</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Car`ma`gnole"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A popular or Red Rebublican song and dance, of the time of the first French Revolution.</def>

<blockquote>They danced and yelled the <b>carmagnole</b>.
<i>Compton Reade.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bombastic report from the French armies.</def>

<h1>Carman</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Car"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <er>Carmen</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu> <def>A man whose employment is to drive, or to convey goods in, a car or car.</def>

<h1>Carmelite, Carmelin</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw><hw>Car"mel*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Car"mel*in</hw><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the order of Carmelites.</def>

<h1>Carmelite</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Car"mel*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A friar of a mendicant order (the Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel) established on Mount Carmel, in Syria, in the twelfth century; a White Friar.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A nun of the Order of Our lady of Mount Carmel.</def>

<h1>Carminated</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Car"mi*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, relating to, or mixed with, carmine; <as>as, <ex>carminated</ex> lake</as>.</def>

<i>Tomlinson.</i>

<h1>Carminative</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Car*min"ative</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>carminativus</ets> (<?/), fr. <ets>carminare</ets> to card hence to cleanse, fr. <ets>carmen</ets> a card for freeing wool or flax from the coarser parts, and from extraneous matter: cf. F. <ets>carminatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expelling wind from the body; warning; antispasmodic.</def> "<i>Carmenative</i> hot seeds."

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Carminative</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Car*min"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A substance, esp. an aromatic, which tends to expel wind from the alimentary canal, or to relieve colic, griping, or flatulence.</def>

<h1>Carmine</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Car"mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carmin</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>carmin</ets>, It. <ets>carminio</ets>), contr. from LL. <ets>carmesinus</ets> purple color. See <er>Crimson</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rich red or crimson color with a shade of purple.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A beautiful pigment, or a lake, of this color, prepared from cochineal, and used in miniature painting.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The essential coloring principle of cochineal, extracted as a purple-red amorphous mass. It is a glucoside and possesses acid properties; -- hence called also <altname>carminic acid</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Carmine red</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a coloring matter obtained from carmine as a purple-red substance, and probably allied to the phthale\'8bns.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carminic</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Car*min"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to, or derived from, carmine.</def>

<cs><col>Carminic acid</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Carmine</er>, 3.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carmot</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Car"mot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Alchemy)</fld> <def>The matter of which the philosopher's stone was believed to be composed.</def>

<h1>Carnage</h1>
<Xpage=219>

<hw>Car"nage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carnage</ets>, LL. <ets>carnaticum</ets> tribute of animals, flesh of animals, fr. L. <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>, flesh. See <er>Carnal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Flesh of slain animals or men.</def>

<blockquote>A miltitude of dogs came to feast on the <b>carnage</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Great destruction of life, as in battle; bloodshed; slaughter; massacre; murder; havoc.</def>

<blockquote>The more fearful <b>carnage</b> of the Bloody Circuit.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carnal</h1>
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<hw>Car"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>carnalis</ets>, fr. <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>, flesh; akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>kravya</ets>; cf. F. <ets>charnel</ets>, Of. also <ets>carnel</ets>. Cf. <er>Charnel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the body or is appetites; animal; fleshly; sensual; given to sensual indulgence; lustful; human or worldly as opposed to <i>spiritual</i>.</def>

<blockquote>For ye are yet <b>carnal</b>.
<i>1 Car. iii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Not sunk in <b>carnal</b> pleasure.
<i>Milton</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>rnal</b> desires after miracles.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Flesh-devouring; cruel; ravenous; bloody.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This <b>carnal</b> cur
Preys on the issue of his mother's body.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Carnal knowledge</col>, <cd>sexual intercourse; -- used especially of an unlawful act on the part of the man.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carnalism</h1>
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<hw>Car"nal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being carnal; carnality; sensualism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Carnalist</h1>
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<hw>Car"nal*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sensualist.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Carnality</h1>
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<hw>Car*nal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>carnalitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being carnal; fleshly lust, or the indulgence of lust; grossness of mind.</def>

<blockquote>Because of the <b>carnality</b> of their hearts.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carnalize</h1>
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<hw>Car"nal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Carnalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Carnalizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make carnal; to debase to carnality.</def>

<blockquote>A sensual and <b>carnalized</b> spirit.
<i>John Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carnallite</h1>
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<hw>Car"nal*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>carnallit</ets>, fr. Von <ets>Carnall</ets>, a Prussian.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous chloride of potassium and magnesium, sometimes found associated with deposits of rock salt.</def>

<h1>Carnally</h1>
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<hw>Car"nal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to the flesh, to the world, or to human nature; in a manner to gratify animal appetites and lusts; sensually.</def>

<blockquote>For to be <b>carnally</b> minded is death; but to be spiritually minded is life and peace.
<i>Rom. viii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carnal-minded</h1>
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<hw>Car"nal-mind`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worldly-minded.</def>

<h1>Carnal-mindedness</h1>
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<hw>Car"nal-mind"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Grossness of mind.</def>

<h1>Carnary</h1>
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<hw>Car"na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>carnarium</ets>, fr. <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>, flesh.]</ety> <def>A vault or crypt in connection with a church, used as a repository for human bones disintered from their original burial places; a charnel house.</def>

<h1>Carnassial</h1>
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<hw>Car*nas"si*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>carnassier</ets> carnivorous, and L. <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>, flesh.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Adapted to eating flesh.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A carnassial tooth; especially, the last premolar in many carnivores.</def></def2>

<h1>Carnate</h1>
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<hw>Car"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>carnatus</ets> fleshy.]</ety> <def>Invested with, or embodied in, flesh.</def>

<h1>Carnation</h1>
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<hw>Car*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carnation</ets> the flesh tints in a painting, It <ets>carnagione</ets>, fr. L. <ets>carnatio</ets> fleshiness, fr. <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>, flesh. See <er>Carnal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The natural color of flesh; rosy pink.</def>

<blockquote>Her complexion of the delicate <b>carnation</b>.
<i>Ld. Lytton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Those parts of a picture in which the human body or any part of it is represented in full color; the flesh tints.</def>

<blockquote>The flesh tints in painting are termed <b>carnations</b>.
<i>Fairholt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of <spn>Dianthus</spn> (<spn>D. Caryophyllus</spn>) or pink, having very beautiful flowers of various colors, esp. white and usually a rich, spicy scent.</def>

<h1>Carnationed</h1>
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<hw>Car*na"tioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a flesh color.</def>

<h1>Carnauba</h1>
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<hw>Car*nau"ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The Brazilian wax palm. See <er>Wax palm</er>.</def>

<h1>Carnelian</h1>
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<hw>Car*nel"ian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>carnelian</ets>; influenced by L. <ets>carneus</ets> fleshy, of flesh, because of its flesh red color. See <er>Cornellan</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of chalcedony, of a clear, deep red, flesh red, or reddish white color. It is moderately hard, capable of a good polish, and often used for seals.</def>

<h1>Carneous</h1>
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<hw>Car"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>carneus</ets>, from <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>, flesh.]</ety> <def>Consisting of, or like, flesh; carnous; fleshy.</def> "<i>Carneous</i> fibers."

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Carney</h1>
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<hw>Car"ney</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>carneus</ets> flesh.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A disease of horses, on which the mouth is so furred that the afflicted animal can not eat.</def>

<h1>Carnifex</h1>
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<hw>Car"ni*fex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>, flesh + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>The public executioner at Rome, who executed persons of the lowest rank; hence, an executioner or hangman.</def>

<h1>Carnification</h1>
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<hw>Car`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>carnification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of turning to flesh, or to a substance resembling flesh.</def>

<h1>Carnify</h1>
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<hw>Car"ni*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>carnificare</ets>, fr. L.<ets>o</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>, flesh + <ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F. <ets>carnifier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To form flesh; to become like flesh.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Carnin</h1>
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<hw>Car"nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>canis</ets> , flesh.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, found in extract of meat, and related to xanthin.</def>

<h1>Carnival</h1>
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<hw>Car"ni*val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>carnevale</ets>, prob. for older <ets>carnelevale</ets>, prop., the putting away of meat; fr. L. <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>, flesh _ <ets>levare</ets> to take away, lift up, fr. <ets>levis</ets> light.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A festival celebrated with merriment and revelry in Roman Gatholic countries during the week before Lent, esp. at Rome and Naples, during a few days (three to ten) before Lent, ending with Shrove Tuesday.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>carnival</b> at Venice is everywhere talked of.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any merrymaking, feasting, or masquerading, especially when overstepping the bounds of decorum; a time of riotous excess.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>He saw the lean dogs beneath the wall
Hold o'er the dead their <b>carnival</b>
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carnivora</h1>
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<hw>Car*niv"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., neut. pl. from L. <ets>carnivorus</ets>. See <er>Carnivorous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Mammallia including the lion, tiger, wolf bear, seal, etc. They are adapted by their structure to feed upon flesh, though some of them, as the bears, also eat vegetable food. The teeth are large and sharp, suitable for cutting flesh, and the jaws powerful.</def>

<h1>Carnivoracity</h1>
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<hw>Car*niv`o*rac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Greediness of appetite for flesh.</def> <mark>[Sportive.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Carnivore</h1>
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<hw>Car`ni*vore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>carnivore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the <i>Carnivora</i>.</def>

<h1>Carnivorous</h1>
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<hw>Car*niv"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>carnivorus</ets>; <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>, flesh + <ets>varare</ets> to devour.]</ety> <def>Eating or feeding on flesh. The term is applied: <sd>(a)</sd> to animals which naturally seek flesh for food, as the tiger, dog, etc.; <sd>(b)</sd> to plants which are supposed to absorb animal food; <sd>(c)</sd> to substances which destroy animal tissue, as caustics.</def>

<h1>Carnose, Carnous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Car*nose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Car"*nous</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>carnosus</ets>, fr. <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>, flesh: cf. OF. <ets>carneux</ets>, F. <ets>charneux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of a pertaining to flesh; fleshy.</def>

<blockquote>A distinct <b>carnose</b> muscle.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of a fleshy consistence; -- applied to succulent leaves, stems, etc.</def>

<h1>Carnosity</h1>
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<hw>Car*nos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>carnosit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A fleshy excrescence; esp. a small excrescence or fungous growth.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fleshy substance or quality; fleshy covering.</def>

<blockquote>[Consciences] overgrown with so hard a <b>carnosity</b>.
<i>Spelman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The olives, indeed be very small there, and bigger than capers; yet commended they are for their <b>carnosity</b>.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carob</h1>
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<hw>Car"ob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>caroube</ets> fruit of the carob tree, Sp. <ets>garrobo</ets>, <ets>al-garrobo</ets>, carob tree, fr. Ar. <ets>kharr\'d4b</ets>, Per. <ets>Kharn\'d4b</ets>. Cf. <er>Clgaroba</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An evergreen leguminous tree (<spn>Ceratania Siliqua</spn>) found in the countries bordering the Mediterranean; the St. John's bread; -- called also <altname>carob tree</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the long, sweet, succulent, pods of the carob tree, which are used as food for animals and sometimes eaten by man; -- called also <altname>St. John's bread</altname>, <altname>carob bean</altname>, and <altname>algaroba bean</altname>.</def>

<h1>Caroche</h1>
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<hw>Ca*roche"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>carrache</ets>, F. <ets>carrose</ets> from It. <ets>carrocio</ets>, <ets>carrozza</ets>, fr. <ets>carro</ets>, L. <ets>carus</ets>. See <er>Car</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of pleasure carriage; a coach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To mount two-wheeled <b>caroches</b>.
<i>Butler.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Caroched</h1>
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<hw>Ca*roched"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Placed in a caroche.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Beggary rides <b>caroched</b>.
<i>Massenger.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Caroigne</h1>
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<hw>Car"oigne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Carrion</er>.]</ety> <def>Dead body; carrion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Carol</h1>
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<hw>Car"ol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>carole</ets> a kind of dance wherein many dance together, fr. <ets>caroler</ets> to dance; perh. from Celtic; cf. Armor. <ets>koroll</ets>, n., <ets>korolla</ets>, <ets>korolli</ets>, v., Ir. <ets>car</ets> music, turn, circular motion, also L. <ets>choraula</ets> a flute player, <ets>charus</ets> a dance, chorus, choir.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A round dance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A song of joy, exultation, or mirth; a lay.</def>

<blockquote>The costly feast, the <b>carol</b>, and the dance.
<i>Dryden</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It was the <b>carol</b> of a bird.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A song of praise of devotion; <as>as, a Christmas or Easter <ex>carol</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Heard a <b>carol</b>, mournful, holy.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In the darkness sing your <b>carol</b> of high praise.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Joyful music, as of a song.</def>

<blockquote>I heard the bells on Christmans Day
Their old, familiar <b>carol</b> play.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carol</h1>
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<hw>Car"ol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Caroled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, or <er>Carolled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Caroling</er>, or <er>Carolling</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To praise or celebrate in song.</def>

<blockquote>The Shepherds at their festivals
<b>Carol</b> her goodness.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sing, especially with joyful notes.</def>

<blockquote>Hovering awans . . . <b>carol</b> sounds harmonious.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carol</h1>
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<hw>Car"ol</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sing; esp. to sing joyfully; to warble.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>carol</b> of love's high praise.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The gray linnets <b>carol</b> from the hill.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carol, Carrol</h1>
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<hw><hw>Car"ol</hw>, <hw>Car"rol</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>carole</ets> a sort of circular space, or carol.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small closet or inclosure built against a window on the inner side, to sit in for study. The word was used as late as the 16th century.</def>

<blockquote>A bay window may thus be called a <b>carol</b>.
<i>Parker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carolin</h1>
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<hw>Car"o*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Carolus</ets> Charles.]</ety> <def>A former gold coin of Germany worth nearly five dollars; also, a gold coin of Sweden worth nearly five dollars.</def>

<h1>Carolina pink</h1>
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<hw>Car`o*li"na pink`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Pinkboot</er>.</def>

<h1>Caroline</h1>
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<hw>Car"o*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coin. See <er>Carline</er>.</def>

<h1>Caroling</h1>
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<hw>Car"ol*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A song of joy or devotion; a singing, as of carols.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<blockquote>Such heavenly notes and <b>carolings</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carolinian</h1>
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<hw>Car`o*lin"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of north or South Carolina.</def>

<h1>Carolitic</h1>
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<hw>Car`o*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Adorned with sculptured leaves and branches.</def>

<h1>Carolus</h1>
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<hw>Car"o*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Caroluses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Caroli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., Charles.]</ety> <def>An English gold coin of the value of twenty or twenty-three shillings. It was first struck in the reign of Charles I.</def>

<blockquote>Told down the crowns and <b>Caroluses</b>.
<i>Macawlay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carom</h1>
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<hw>Car"om</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. corrupted fr. F. <ets>carumboler</ets> to carom, <ets>carambolage</ets> a carom, <ets>carambole</ets> the red ball in billiards.]</ety> <fld>(Billiards)</fld> <def>A shot in which the ball struck with the cue comes in contact with two or more balls on the table; a hitting of two or more balls with the player's ball. In England it is called <altname>cannon</altname>.</def>

<h1>Carom</h1>
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<hw>Car"om</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Billiards)</fld> <def>To make a carom.</def>

<h1>Caromel</h1>
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<hw>Car"o*mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Caramel</er>.</def>

<h1>Caroteel</h1>
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<hw>Car`o*teel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A tierce or cask for dried fruits, etc., usually about 700 lbs.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Carotic</h1>
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<hw>Ca*rot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ stupefying. See <er>Carotid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to stupor; <as>as, a <ex>carotic</ex> state</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Carotid; <as>as, the <ex>carotic</ex> arteries</as>.</def>

<h1>Carotid</h1>
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<hw>Ca*rot"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, pl., from <?/ heavy sleep: cf. F. <ets>carotide</ets>. The early Greeks believed that these arteries in some way caused drowsiness.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the two main arteries of the neck, by which blood is conveyed from the aorta to the head. <note>[See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Aorta</er>.]</note></def>

<h1>Carotid, Carotidal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ca*rot"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ca*rot"id*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or near, the carotids or one of them; <as>as, the <ex>carotid</ex> gland</as>.</def>

<h1>Carotin</h1>
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<hw>Ca*ro"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A red crystallizable tasteless substance, extracted from the carrot.</def>

<h1>Carousal</h1>
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<hw>Ca*rous"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Carouse</er>, but also cf. F. <ets>carrousel</ets> tilt.]</ety> <def>A jovial feast or festival; a drunken revel; a carouse.</def>

<blockquote>The swains were preparing for a <b>carousal</b>.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Banquet; revel; orgie; carouse. See <er>Feast</er>.</syn>

<hr>
<page="220">
Page 220<p>

<h1>Carouse</h1>
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<hw>Ca*rouse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carrousse</ets>, earlier <ets>carous</ets>, fr. G. <ets>garaus</ets> finishing stroke, the emptying of the cup in drinking a health; <ets>gar</ets> entirely + <ets>aus</ets> out. See <er>Yare</er>, and <er>Out</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large draught of liguor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A full <i>carouse</i> of sack."   <i>Sir J. Davies.</i>

<blockquote>Drink <b>carouses</b> to the next day's fate.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A drinking match; a carousal.</def>

<blockquote>The early feast and late <b>carouse</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carouse</h1>
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<hw>Ca*rouse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Caroused</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Carousing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To drink deeply or freely in compliment; to take in a carousal; to engage in drunken revels.</def>

<blockquote>He had been aboard, <b>carousing</b> to his mates.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carouse</h1>
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<hw>Ca*rouse"</hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To drink up; to drain; to drink freely or jovially.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Guests <b>carouse</b> the sparkling tears of the rich grape.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Egypt's wanton queen,
<b>Carousing</b> gems, herself dissolved in love.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carouser</h1>
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<hw>Ca*rous"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who carouses; a reveler.</def>

<h1>Carousing</h1>
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<hw>Ca*rous"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That carouses; relating to a carouse.</def>

<h1>Carousingly</h1>
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<hw>Ca*rous"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a carouser.</def>

<h1>Carp</h1>
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<hw>Carp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Carped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Carping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>carpen</ets> to say, speak; from Scand. (cf. Icel. <ets>karpa</ets> to boast), but influenced later by L. <ets>carpere</ets> to pluck, calumniate.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To talk; to speak; to prattle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To find fault; to cavil; to censure words or actions without reason or ill-naturedly; -- usually followed by <i>at</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Carping</b> and caviling at faults of manner.
<i>Blackw. Mag.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And at my actions <b>carp</b> or catch.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carp</h1>
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<hw>Carp</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To say; to tell.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To find fault with; to censure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Carp</h1>
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<hw>Carp</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Carp</plw>, formerly <plw>Carps</plw>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>karfi</ets>, Dan. <ets>karpe</ets>, Sw. <ets>karp</ets>, OHG. <ets>charpho</ets>, G. <ets>karpfen</ets>, F. <ets>carpe</ets>, LL. <ets>carpa</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fresh-water herbivorous fish (<spn>Cyprinus carpio</spn>.). Several other species of <spn>Cyprinus</spn>, <spn>Catla</spn>, and <spn>Carassius</spn> are called <i>carp</i>. See <er>Cruclan carp</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>carp</i> was originally from Asia, whence it was early introduced into Europe, where it is extensively reared in artificial ponds. Within a few years it has been introduced into America, and widely distributed by the government. Domestication has produced several varieties, as the <i>leather carp</i>, which is nearly or quite destitute of scales, and the <i>mirror carp</i>, which has only a few large scales. Intermediate varieties occur.</note>

<cs><col>Carp louse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small crustacean, of the genus <spn>Argulus</spn>, parasitic on carp and allied fishes. See <er>Branchiura</er>.</cd> -- <col>Carp mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fish (<spn>Moxostoma carpio</spn>) of the Ohio River and Great Lakes, allied to the suckers.</cd> -- <col>Carp sucker</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to several species of fresh-water fishes of the genus Carpiodes in the United States; -- called also quillback.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carpal</h1>
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<hw>Car"pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Carpus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the carpus, or wrist.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One of the bones or cartilages of the carpus; a carpale.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Carpal angle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the angle at the last joint of the folded wing of a bird.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carpale</h1>
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<hw>Car*pa"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Carpalia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>carpus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the bones or cartilages of the carpus; esp. one of the series articulating with the metacarpals.</def>

<h1>Carpathian</h1>
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<hw>Car*pa"thi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a range of mountains in Austro-Hungary, called the Carpathians, which partially inclose Hungary on the north, east, and south.</def>

<h1>Carpel, Carpellum</h1>
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<hw><hw>Car"pel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Car*pel"lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>carpellum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A simple pistil or single-celled ovary or seed vessel, or one of the parts of a compound pistil, ovary, or seed vessel. See <i>Illust</i> of <er>Carpaphore</er>.</def>

<h1>Carpellary</h1>
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<hw>Car"pel*la"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, forming, or containing carpels.</def>

<h1>Carpenter</h1>
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<hw>Car"pen*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>carpentier</ets>, F. <ets>charpentier</ets>, LL. <ets>carpentarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>carpentum</ets> wagon, carriage.]</ety> <def>An artificer who works in timber; a framer and builder of houses, ships, etc.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Carpenter</er>, <er>Joiner</er>.</syn> <usage> The <i>carpenter</i> frames and puts together roofs, partitions, floors, and other structural parts of a building. The <i>joiner</i> Supplies stairs, doors shutters, mantelpieces, cupboards, and other parts necessary to finishing the building. In America the two trades are commonly united.</usage>

<cs><col>Carpenter ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of ant which gnaws galleries in the wood of trees and constructs its nests therein. They usually select dead or somewhat decayed wood. The common large American species is <spn>Formica Pennsylvanica</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Carpenter bee</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large hymenopterous insect of the genus <spn>Xylocopa</spn>; -- so called because it constructs its nest by gnawing long galleries in sound timber. The common American species is <spn>Xylocopa Virginica</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carpentering</h1>
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<hw>Car"pen*ter*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The occupation or work of a carpenter; the act of workingin timber; carpentry.</def>

<h1>Carpentry</h1>
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<hw>Car"pen*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>charpenterie</ets>, OF. also <ets>carpenterie</ets>. See <er>Carpenter</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of cutting, framing, and joining timber, as in the construction of buildings.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An assemblage of pieces of timber connected by being framed together, as the pieces of a roof, floor, etc.; work done by a carpenter.</def>

<h1>Carper</h1>
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<hw>Carp"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who carps; a caviler.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Carpet</h1>
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<hw>Car"pet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>carpite</ets> rug, soft of cloth, F. <ets>carpette</ets> coarse packing cloth, rug (cf. It. <ets>carpita</ets> rug, blanket), LL. <ets>carpeta</ets>, <ets>carpita</ets>, woolly cloths, fr. L. <ets>carpere</ets> to pluck, to card (wool); cf. Gr. <?/ fruit, E. <er>Harvest</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A heavy woven or felted fabric, usually of wool, but also of cotton, hemp, straw, etc.; esp. a floor covering made in breadths to be sewed together and nailed to the floor, as distinguished from a rug or mat; originally, also, a wrought cover for tables.</def>

<blockquote>Tables and beds covered with copes instead of <b>carpets</b> and coverlets.
<i>T. Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A smooth soft covering resembling or suggesting a carpet.</def> "The grassy <i>carpet</i> of this plain."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Carpet beetle</col> or <col>Carpet bug</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small beetle (<spn>Anthrenus scrophulari\'91</spn>), which, in the larval state, does great damage to carpets and other woolen goods; -- also called <altname>buffalo bug</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Carpet knight</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A knight who enjoys ease and security, or luxury, and has not known the hardships of the field; a hero of the drawing room; an effeminate person.</cd> <i>Shak</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>One made a knight, for some other than military distinction or service.</cd> -- <col>Carpet moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of an insect which feeds on carpets and other woolen goods. There are several kinds. Some are the larv\'91 of species of <spn>Tinea</spn> (as <spn>T. tapetzella</spn>); others of beetles, esp. <spn>Anthrenus</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Carpet snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Australian snake. See <cref>Diamond snake</cref>, under <er>Diamond</er>.</cd> -- <col>Carpet sweeper</col>, <cd>an apparatus or device for sweeping carpets.</cd> -- <col>To be on the carpet</col>, <cd>to be under consideration; to be the subject of deliberation; to be in sight; -- an expression derived from the use of carpets as table cover.</cd> -- <col>Brussels carpet</col>. <cd>See under <er>Brussels</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carpet</h1>
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<hw>Car"pet</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Carpeted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Carpeting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover with, or as with, a carpet; to spread with carpets; to furnish with a carpet or carpets.</def>

<blockquote><b>Carpeted</b> temples in fashionable squares.
<i>E. Everett.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carpetbag</h1>
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<hw>Car"pet*bag`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A portable bag for travelers; -- so called because originally made of carpet.</def>

<h1>Carpetbagger</h1>
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<hw>Car"pet*bag"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An adventurer; -- a term of contempt for a Northern man seeking private gain or political advancement in the southern part of the United States after the Civil War (1865)<-- used now for any politician moving to a new location to take advantage of more favorable chances for election-->.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Carpeting</h1>
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<hw>Car"pet*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>1. The act of covering with carpets.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cloth or materials for carpets; carpets, in general.</def>

<blockquote>The floor was covered with rich <b>carpeting</b>.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carpetless</h1>
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<hw>Car"pet*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a carpet.</def>

<h1>Carpetmonger</h1>
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<hw>Car"pet*mon`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who deals in carpets; a buyer and seller of carpets.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One fond of pleasure; a gallant.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Carpetway</h1>
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<hw>Car"pet*way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>A border of greensward left round the margin of a plowed field.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Carphology</h1>
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<hw>Car*phol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ any small dry body + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>carphologie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Flaccillation</er>.</def>

<h1>Carping</h1>
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<hw>Carp"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fault-finding; censorious caviling. See <er>Captious</er>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Carp"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv</tt>.</wordforms>

<h1>Carpintero</h1>
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<hw>Car`pin*te"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., a carpenter, a woodpecker.]</ety> <def>A california woodpecker (<spn>Melanerpes formicivorus)</spn>, noted for its habit of inserting acorns in holes which it drills in trees. The acorns become infested by insect larv\'91, which, when grown, are extracted for food by the bird.</def>

<h1>Carpogenic</h1>
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<hw>Car`po*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fruit + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Productive of fruit, or causing fruit to be developed.</def>

<h1>Carpolite</h1>
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<hw>Car"po*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fruit + <ets>-lite</ets>, cf. F. <ets>carpolithe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A general term for a fossil fruit, nut, or seed.</def>

<h1>Carpological</h1>
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<hw>Car`po*log"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to carpology.</def>

<h1>Carpologist</h1>
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<hw>Car*pol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who describes fruits; one versed in carpology.</def>

<h1>Carpology</h1>
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<hw>Car*pol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fruit + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of botany which relates to the structure of seeds and fruit.</def>

<h1>Carpophagous</h1>
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<hw>Car*poph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fruit + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <def>Living on fruits; fruit-consuming.</def>

<h1>Carpophore</h1>
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<hw>Car"po*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fruit + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A slender prolongation of the receptacle as an axis between the carpels, as in Geranium and many umbelliferous plants.</def>

<h1>Carpophyll</h1>
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<hw>Car"po*phyll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fruit + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leaf converted into a fruit or a constituent portion of a fruit; a carpel. <note>[See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Gymnospermous</er>.]</note></def>

<h1>Carpophyte</h1>
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<hw>Car"po*phyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fruit + <?/ plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A flowerless plant which forms a true fruit as the result of fertilization, as the red seaweeds, the <spn>Ascomycetes</spn>, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; The division of alge and fungi into four classes called Carpophytes, O\'94phytes, Protophytes, and Zygophytes (or <spn>Carpospore\'91</spn>, <spn>O\'94spore\'91</spn>, <spn>Protophyta</spn>, and <spn>Zygospore\'91</spn>) was proposed by Sachs about 1875.</note>

<h1>Carpospore</h1>
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<hw>Car"po*spore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-spore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of spore formed in the conceptacles of red alg\'91.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Car`po*spor"ic</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Carpus</h1>
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<hw>Car"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Carpi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ wrist.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The wrist; the bones or cartilages between the forearm, or antibrachium, and the hand or forefoot; in man, consisting of eight short bones disposed in two rows.</def>

<h1>Carrack</h1>
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<hw>Car"rack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Carack</er>.</def>

<h1>Carrageen, Carrigeen</h1>
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<hw><hw>Car"ra*geen`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Car"ri*geen`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small, purplish, branching, cartilaginous seaweed (<spn>Chondrus crispus</spn>), which, when bleached, is the <altname>Irish moss</altname> of commerce.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>carragheen</asp>, <asp>carageen</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Carrancha</h1>
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<hw>Car*ran"cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Brazilian kite (<spn>Polyborus Brasiliensis</spn>); -- so called in imitation of its notes.</def>

<h1>Carraway</h1>
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<hw>Car"ra*way</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Caraway</er>.</def>

<h1>Carrel</h1>
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<hw>Car"rel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Quarrel</er>, an arrow.</def>

<h1>Carrel</h1>
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<hw>Car"rel</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as 4th <er>Carol</er>.</def>

<h1>Carriable</h1>
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<hw>Car"ri*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being carried.</def>

<h1>Carriage</h1>
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<hw>Car"riage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cariage</ets> luggage, carriage, <ets>chariage</ets> carriage, cart, baggage, F. <ets>charriage</ets>, cartage, wagoning, fr. OF. <ets>carier</ets>, <ets>charier</ets>, F. <ets>charrier</ets>, to cart. See <er>Carry</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is carried; burden; baggage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>David left his <b>carriage</b> in the hand of the keeper of the <b>carriage</b>.
<i>1. Sam. xvii. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And after those days we took up our <b>carriages</b> and went up to Jerusalem.
<i>Acts. xxi. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of carrying, transporting, or conveying.</def>

<blockquote>Nine days employed in <b>carriage</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The price or expense of carrying.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which carries of conveys, as: <sd>(a)</sd> A wheeled vehicle for persons, esp. one designed for elegance and comfort. <sd>(b)</sd> A wheeled vehicle carrying a fixed burden, as a gun <i>carriage</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> A part of a machine which moves and carries of supports some other moving object or part. <sd>(d)</sd> A frame or cage in which something is carried or supported; <as>as, a bell <ex>carriage</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The manner of carrying one's self; behavior; bearing; deportment; personal manners.</def>

<blockquote>His gallant <b>carriage</b> all the rest did grace.
<i>Stirling.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The act or manner of conducting measures or projects; management.</def>

<blockquote>The passage and whole <b>carriage</b> of this action.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Carriage horse</col>, <cd>a horse kept for drawing a carriage.</cd> -- <col>Carriage porch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a canopy or roofed pavilion covering the driveway at the entrance to any building. It is intended as a shelter for those who alight from vehicles at the door; -- sometimes erroneously called in the United States <i>porte-coch\'8are<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carriageable</h1>
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<hw>Car"riage*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Passable by carriages; that can be conveyed in carriages.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ruskin.</i>

<h1>Carriboo</h1>
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<hw>Car"ri*boo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Caribou</er>.</def>

<h1>Carrick</h1>
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<hw>Car"rick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A carack. See <er>Carack</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Carrick bend</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of knot, used for bending together hawsers or other ropes.</cd> -- <col>Carrick bitts</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the bitts which support the windlass.</cd></cs>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Carrier</h1>
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<hw>Car"ri*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Carry</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, carries or conveys; a messenger.</def>

<blockquote>The air which is but . . . a <b>carrier</b> of the sounds.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is employed, or makes it his business, to carry goods for others for hire; a porter; a teamster.</def>

<blockquote>The roads are crowded with <b>carriers</b>, laden with rich manufactures.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>That which drives or carries; as: <sd>(a)</sd> A piece which communicates to an object in a lathe the motion of the face plate; a lathe dog. <sd>(b)</sd> A spool holder or bobbin holder in a braiding machine. (c) A movable piece in magazine guns which transfers the cartridge to a position from which it can be thrust into the barrel.</def>

<cs><col>Carrier pigeon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of the domestic pigeon used to convey letters from a distant point to to its home.</cd> -- <col>Carrier shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a univalve shell of the genus <spn>Phorus</spn>; -- so called because it fastens bits of stones and broken shells to its own shell, to such an extent as almost to conceal it.</cd> -- <col>Common carrier</col> <fld>(Law.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Common</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Carrion</h1>
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<hw>Car"ri*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>caroyne</ets>, OF. <ets>caroigne</ets>, F. <ets>charogne</ets>, LL. <ets>caronia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caro</ets> flesh Cf. <er>Crone</er>, <er>Crony</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The dead and putrefying body or flesh of an animal; flesh so corrupted as to be unfit for food.</def>

<blockquote>They did eat the dead <b>carrions</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A contemptible or worthless person; -- a term of reproach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Old feeble <i>carrions</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Carrion</h1>
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<hw>Car"ri*on</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to dead and putrefying carcasses; feeding on carrion.</def>

<blockquote>A prey for <b>carrion</b> kites.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Carrion beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any beetle that feeds habitually on dead animals; -- also called <altname>sexton beetle</altname> and <altname>burying beetle</altname>.  There are many kinds, belonging mostly to the family <spn>Silphid\'91</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Carrion buzzard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a South American bird of several species and genera (as <spn>Ibycter</spn>, <spn>Milvago</spn>, and <spn>Polyborus</spn>), which act as scavengers. See <er>Caracara</er>.</cd> -- <col>Carrion crow</col>, <cd>the common European crow (<spn>Corvus corone</spn>) which feeds on carrion, insects, fruits, and seeds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carrol</h1>
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<hw>Car"rol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See 4th <er>Carol</er>.</def>

<h1>Carrom</h1>
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<hw>Car"rom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Billiards)</fld> <def>See <er>Carom</er>.</def>

<h1>Carronade</h1>
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<hw>Car`ron*ade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Carron</ets>, in Scotland where it was first made.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of short cannon, formerly in use, designed to throw a large projectile with small velocity, used for the purpose of breaking or smashing in, rather than piercing, the object aimed at, as the side of a ship. It has no trunnions, but is supported on its carriage by a bolt passing through a loop on its under side.</def>

<hr>
<page="221">
Page 221<p>

<h1>Carron oil</h1>
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<hw>Car"ron oil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A lotion of linseed oil and lime water, used as an application to burns and scalds; -- first used at the Carron iron works in Scotland.</def>

<h1>Carrot</h1>
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<hw>Car"rot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carotte</ets>, fr. L. <ets>carota</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An umbelliferous biennial plant (<spn>Daucus Carota</spn>), of many varieties.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The esculent root of cultivated varieties of the plant, usually spindle-shaped, and of a reddish yellow color.</def>

<h1>Carroty</h1>
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<hw>Car"rot*y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a carrot in color or in taste; -- an epithet given to reddish yellow hair, etc.</def>

<h1>Carrow</h1>
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<hw>Car"row</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir & Gael. <ets>carach</ets> cunning.]</ety> <def>A strolling gamester.</def> <mark>[Ireland]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Carry</h1>
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<hw>Car"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Carried</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Carrying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>carier</ets>, <ets>charier</ets>, F. <ets>carrier</ets>, to cart, from OF. <ets>car</ets>, <ets>char</ets>, F. <ets>car</ets>, car. See <er>Car</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To convey or transport in any manner from one place to another; to bear; -- often with <i>away</i> or <i>off</i>.</def>

<blockquote>When he dieth he small <b>carry</b> nothing away.
<i>Ps. xiix. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Devout men <b>carried</b> Stephen to his burial.
<i>Acts viii, 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Another <b>carried</b> the intelligence to Russell.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The sound will be <b>carried</b>, at the least, twenty miles.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have or hold as a burden, while moving from place to place; to have upon or about one's person; to bear; <as>as, to <ex>carry</ex> a wound; to <ex>carry</ex> an unborn child.</as></def>

<blockquote>If the ideas . . . were <b>carried</b> along with us in our minds.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To move; to convey by force; to impel; to conduct; to lead or guide.</def>

<blockquote>Go, <b>carry</b> Sir John Falstaff to the Fleet.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>carried</b> away all his cattle.
<i>Gen. xxxi. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Passion and revenge will <b>carry</b> them too far.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To transfer from one place (as a country, book, or column) to another; <as>as, to <ex>carry</ex> the war from Greece into Asia; to <ex>carry</ex> an account to the ledger; to <ex>carry</ex> a number in adding figures.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To convey by extension or continuance; to extend; <as>as, to <ex>carry</ex> the chimney through the roof; to <ex>carry</ex> a road ten miles farther.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To bear or uphold successfully through conflict, as a leader or principle; hence, to succeed in, as in a contest; to bring to a successful issue; to win; <as>as, to <ex>carry</ex> an election.</def> "The greater part <ex>carries</ex> it</as>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>carrying</b> of our main point.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To get possession of by force; to capture.</def>

<blockquote>The town would have been <b>carried</b> in the end.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To contain; to comprise; to bear the aspect of ; to show or exhibit; to imply.</def>

<blockquote>He thought it <b>carried</b> something of argument in it.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It <b>carries</b> too great an imputation of ignorance.
<i>Lacke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To bear (one's self); to behave, to conduct or demean; -- with the refexive pronouns.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>carried</b> himself so insolently in the house, and out of the house, to all persons, that he became odious.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To bear the charges or burden of holding or having, as stocks, merchandise, etc., from one time to another; <as>as, a merchant is <ex>carrying</ex> a large stock; a farm <ex>carries</ex> a mortgage; a broker <ex>carries</ex> stock for a customer; to <ex>carry</ex> a life insurance.</as></def>

<cs><col>Carry arms</col> <fld>(Mil. Drill)</fld>, <cd>a command of the Manual of Arms directing the soldier to hold his piece in the right hand, the barrel resting against the hollow of the shoulder in a nearly perpendicular position. In this position the soldier is said to stand, and the musket to be held, <i>at carry<i>.</cd> -- <col>To carry all before one</col>, <cd>to overcome all obstacles; to have uninterrupted success.</cd> -- <col>To carry arms</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To bear weapons.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To serve as a soldier.</cd> -- <col>To carry away</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>to break off; to lose; as, <i>to carry away<i> a fore-topmast.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To take possession of the mind; to charm; to delude; as, <i>to be carried<i> by music, or by temptation.</cd> -- <col>To carry coals</col>, <cd>to bear indignities tamely, a phrase used by early dramatists, perhaps from the mean nature of the occupation.</cd> <i>Halliwell</i>. -- <col>To carry coals to Newcastle</col>, <cd>to take things to a place where they already abound; to lose one's labor.</cd> -- <col>To carry off</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To remove to a distance.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To bear away as from the power or grasp of others.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To remove from life; <as>as, the plague <ex>carried off<ex> thousands</as>.</cd> -- <col>To carry on</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To carry farther; to advance, or help forward; to continue; <as>as, <ex>to carry on<ex> a design</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To manage, conduct, or prosecute; <as>as, <ex>to carry on<ex> husbandry or trade</as>.</cd> -- <col>To carry out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To bear from within.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To put into execution; to bring to a successful issue.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To sustain to the end; to continue to the end.</cd> -- <col>To carry through</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To convey through the midst of.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To support to the end; to sustain, or keep from falling, or being subdued.</cd> "Grace will <i>carry<i> us . . . <i>through<i> all difficulties." <i>Hammond</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To complete; to bring to a succesful issue; to succeed.</cd> -- <col>To carry up<col>, <cd>to convey or extend in an upward course or direction; to build.</cd> -- <col>To carry weight</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be handicapped; to have an extra burden, as when one rides or runs.</cd> "He <i>carries weight<i>, he rides a race" <i>Cowper</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To have influence.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carry</h1>
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<hw>Car"ry</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To act as a bearer; to convey anything; <as>as, to fetch and <ex>carry</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have propulsive power; to propel; <as>as, a gun or mortar <ex>carries</ex> well</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To hold the head; -- said of a horse; <as>as, to <ex>carry</ex> well i</as>. e., to hold the head high, with arching neck.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Hunting)</fld> <def>To have earth or frost stick to the feet when running, as a hare.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<cs><col>To carry on</col>, <cd>to behave in a wild, rude, or romping manner.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Carry</h1>
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<hw>Car"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Carries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>A tract of land, over which boats or goods are carried between two bodies of navigable water; a carrying place; a portage.</def> <ety>[<ets>U.S</ets>.]</ety>

<h1>Carryall</h1>
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<hw>Car"ry*all`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>cariole</ets>.]</ety> <def>A light covered carriage, having four wheels and seats for four or more persons, usually drawn by one horse.</def>

<h1>Carrying</h1>
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<hw>Car"ry*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or business of transporting from one place to another.</def>

<cs><col>Carrying place</col>, <cd>a carry; a portage.</cd> -- <col>Carrying trade</col>, <cd>the business of transporting goods, etc., from one place or country to another by water or land; freighting.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>We are rivals with them in . . . the <b>carrying trade</b>.
<i>Jay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carryk</h1>
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<hw>Car"ryk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A carack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Carrytale</h1>
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<hw>Car"ry*tale`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A talebearer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Carse</h1>
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<hw>Carse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets>cars</ets> bog, fen. <ets>carsen</ets> reed, Armor. <ets>kars</ets>, <ets>korsen</ets>, bog plant, reed.]</ety> <def>Low, fertile land; a river valley.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jomieson.</i>

<h1>Cart</h1>
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<hw>Cart</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cr\'91t</ets>; cf. W. <ets>cart</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>cairt</ets>, or Icel. <ets>kartr</ets>. Cf. <er>Car</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A common name for various kinds of vehicles, as a Scythian dwelling on wheels, or a chariot.</def> "Ph\'d2bus' <i>cart</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A two-wheeled vehicle for the ordinary purposes of husbandry, or for transporting bulky and heavy articles.</def>

<blockquote>Packing all his goods in one poor <b>cart</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A light business wagon used by bakers, grocerymen, butchers, atc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An open two-wheeled pleasure carriage.</def>

<cs><col>Cart horse</col>, <cd>a horse which draws a cart; a horse bred or used for drawing heavy loads.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cart load</col>, &or; <col>Cartload</col></mcol>, <cd>as much as will fill or load a cart. In excavating and carting sand, gravel, earth, etc., one third of a cubic yard of the material before it is loosened is estimated to be a cart load.</cd> -- <col>Cart rope</col>, <cd>a stout rope for fastening a load on a cart; any strong rope.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To put</col> (&or; <col>get</col> &or; <col>set</col>) <col>the cart before the horse</col></mcol>, <cd>to invert the order of related facts or ideas, as by putting an effect for a cause.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cart</h1>
<Xpage=221>

<hw>Cart</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Carted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Carting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To carry or convey in a cart.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To expose in a cart by way of punishment.</def>

<blockquote>She chuckled when a bawd was <b>carted</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cart</h1>
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<hw>Cart</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To carry burdens in a cart; to follow the business of a carter.</def>

<h1>Cartage</h1>
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<hw>Cart"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of carrying in a cart.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The price paid for carting.</def>

<h1>Cartbote</h1>
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<hw>Cart"bote`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cart</ets> + <ets>bote</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law.)</fld> <def>Wood to which a tenant is entitled for making and repairing carts and other instruments of husbandry.</def>

<h1>Carte</h1>
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<hw>Carte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See 1st <er>Card</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bill of fare.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Short for <er>Carte de visite</er>.</def>

<h1>Carte. Quarte</h1>
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<hw><hw>Carte</hw>. <hw>Quarte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quarte</ets>, prop., a fourth. Cf. <er>Quart</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fencing)</fld> <def>A position in thrusting or parrying, with the inside of the hand turned upward and the point of the weapon toward the adversary's right breast.</def>

<h1>Carte blanche</h1>
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<hw>Carte` blanche"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., fr. OF. <ets>carte</ets> paper + <ets>-blanc</ets>, <ets>blanche</ets>, white. See 1st <er>Card</er>.]</ety> <def>A blank paper, with a person's signature, etc., at the bottom, given to another person, with permission to superscribe what conditions he pleases. Hence: Unconditional terms; unlimited authority.</def>

<h1>Carte de visite</h1>
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<hw>Carte" de vi*site`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <plu>pl. <plw>Cartes de visite</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A visiting card.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A photographic picture of the size formerly in use for a visiting card.</def>

<h1>Cartel</h1>
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<hw>Car*tel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>cartellus</ets> a little paper, dim. fr. L. <ets>charta</ets>. See 1st <er>Card</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An agreement between belligerents for the exchange of prisoners.</def>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A letter of defiance or challenge; a challenge to single combat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He is cowed at the very idea of a <b>cartel</b>.,
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<-- 3. a formal or informal arrangement (sometimes unlawful) among independent commercial enterprises organized for the purpose of common gain, as by limiting competition or fixing prices -->

<cs><mcol><col>Cartel</col>, or <col>Cartel ship</col></mcol>, <cd>a ship employed in the exchange of prisoners, or in carrying propositions to an enemy; a ship beating a flag of truce and privileged from capture.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cartel</h1>
<Xpage=221>

<hw>Car"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To defy or challenge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>You shall <b>cartel</b> him.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carter</h1>
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<hw>Cart"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A charioteer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A man who drives a cart; a teamster.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any species of <spn>Phalangium</spn>; -- also called <altname>harvestman</altname></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A British fish; the whiff.</def>

<h1>Cartesian</h1>
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<hw>Car*te"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From Renatus <ets>Cartesius</ets>, Latinized from of Ren\'82 <ets>Descartes</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cart\'82sien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the French philosopher Ren\'82 Descartes, or his philosophy.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>Cartesion</b> argument for reality of matter.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Cartesian co\'94rdinates</col> <fld>(Geom)</fld>, <cd>distance of a point from lines or planes; -- used in a system of representing geometric quantities, invented by Descartes.</cd> -- <col>Cartesian devil</col>, <cd>a small hollow glass figure, used in connection with a jar of water having an elastic top, to illustrate the effect of the compression or expansion of air in changing the specific gravity of bodies.</cd> -- <col>Cartesion oval</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a curve such that, for any point of the curve <mathex>mr + m\'b7r\'b7 = c</mathex>, where <i>r<i> and <i>r\'b7<i> are the distances of the point from the two foci and <i>m<i>, <i>m\'b7<i> and <i>c<i> are constant; -- used by Descartes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cartesian</h1>
<Xpage=221>

<hw>Car*te"sian</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An adherent of Descartes.</def>

<h1>Cartesianism</h1>
<Xpage=221>

<hw>Car*te"sian*ism</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The philosophy of Descartes.</def>

<h1>Carthaginian</h1>
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<hw>Car`tha*gin"i*an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a pertaining to ancient Carthage, a city of northern Africa.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Carthage.</def></def2>

<h1>Carthamin</h1>
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<hw>Car"tha*min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A red coloring matter obtained from the safflower, or <i>Carthamus tinctorius</i>.</def>

<h1>Carthusian</h1>
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<hw>Car*thu"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>Cartusianus</ets>, <ets>Cartusiensis</ets>, from the town of <ets>Chartreuse</ets>, in France.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A member of an exceeding austere religious order, founded at Chartreuse in France by St. Bruno, in the year 1086.</def>

<h1>Carthusian</h1>
<Xpage=221>

<hw>Car*thu"sian</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the Carthusian.</def>

<h1>Cartilage</h1>
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<hw>Car"ti*lage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cartilago</ets>; cf. F. <ets>cartilage</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A translucent, elastic tissue; gristle.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Cartilage</i> contains no vessels, and consists of a homogeneous, intercellular matrix, in which there are numerous minute cavities, or capsules, containing protoplasmic cells, the cartilage corpuscul. See <i>Illust</i> under <er>Duplication</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Articular cartilage</col>, <cd>cartilage that lines the joints.</cd> -- <col>Cartilage bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>any bone formed by the ossification of cartilage.</cd> -- <col>Costal cartilage</col>, <cd>cartilage joining a rib with he sternum. See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Thorax</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cartilagineous</h1>
<Xpage=221>

<hw>Car`ti*la*gin"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cartilageneus</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Cartilaginous</er>.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Cartilaginification</h1>
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<hw>Car"ti*la*gin`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cartilago</ets>, <ets>-laginis</ets>, cartilage + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>The act or process of forming cartilage.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Cartilaginous</h1>
<Xpage=221>

<hw>Car`ti*lag"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cartilaginosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cartilagineux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to cartilage; gristly; firm and tough like cartilage.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the skeleton in the state of cartilage, the bones containing little or no calcareous matter; said of certain fishes, as the sturgeon and the sharks.</def>

<h1>Cartman</h1>
<Xpage=221>

<hw>Cart"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <er>Cartmen</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who drives or uses a cart; a teamster; a carter.</def>

<h1>Cartographer</h1>
<Xpage=221>

<hw>Car*tog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who make charts or maps.</def>

<h1>Cartographic, Cartographical</h1>
<Xpage=221>

<hw><hw>Car`to*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Car`to*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to cartography.</def>

<h1>Cartographically</h1>
<Xpage=221>

<hw>Car`to*graph"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By cartography.</def>

<h1>Cartography</h1>
<Xpage=221>

<hw>Car*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cartographie</ets>. See <er>Card</er>, and <er>-graphy</er>.]</ety> <def>The act business of forming chart's or maps.</def>

<h1>Cartomancy</h1>
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<hw>Car"to*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cartomancie</ets>. See <er>Card</er>, and <er>-mancy</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of telling fortunes with cards.</def>

<h1>Carton</h1>
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<hw>Car"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Cartoon</er>.]</ety> <def>Pasteboard for paper boxes; also, a pasteboard box.</def>

<cs><col>Carton pierre</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <cd>a species of <i>papier-mach\'82<i>, imitating stone or bronze sculpture.</cd>

<i>Knight.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Cartoon</h1>
<Xpage=221>

<hw>Car*toon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carton</ets> (cf. It. <ets>cartons</ets> pasteboard, cartoon.); fr. L. <ets>charta</ets>. See 1st <er>card</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A design or study drawn of the full size, to serve as a model for transferring or copying; -- used in the making of mosaics, tapestries, fresco pantings and the like; <as>as, the <ex>cartoons</ex> of Raphael</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A large pictorial sketch, as in a journal or magazine; esp. a pictorial caricature; as , the <i>cartoons</i> of "Puck."</def>

<h1>Cartoonist</h1>
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<hw>Car"toon"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in drawing cartoons.</def>

<h1>Cartouch</h1>
<Xpage=221>

<hw>Car*touch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.</plu> <plw>Cartouches</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cartouche</ets>, It. <ets>cartuccia</ets>, <ets>cartoccio</ets>, cornet, cartouch, fr. L. <ets>charta</ets> paper. See 1st <er>Card</er>, and cf. <er>Cartridge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A roll or case of paper, etc., holding a charge for a firearm; a cartridge</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A cartridge box</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A wooden case filled with balls, to be shot from a cannon.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A gunner's bag for ammunition</def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A military pass for a soldier on furlough.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cantalever, console, corbel, or modillion, which has the form of a scroll of paper</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tablet for ornament, or for receiving an inscription, formed like a sheet of paper with the edges rolled up; hence, any tablet of ornamental form.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Egyptian Antiq.)</fld> <def>An oval figure on monuments, and in papyri, containing the name of a sovereign.</def>

<h1>Cartridge</h1>
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<hw>Car"tridge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formerlly <ets>cartrage</ets>, corrupted fr. F. <ets>cartouche</ets>. See <er>Cartouch</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A complete charge for a firearm, contained in, or held together by, a case, capsule, or shell of metal, pasteboard, or other material.</def>

<cs><col>Ball cartridge</col>, <cd>a cartridge containing a projectile. -- <i>Blank cartrige<i>, a cartridge without a projectile,</cd> -- <col>Center-fire cartridge</col>, <cd>a cartridge in which the fulminate occupies an axial position usually in the center of the base of the capsule, instead of being contained in its rim. In the Prussian needle gun the fulminate is applied to the middle of the base of the bullet.  <i>Rim-fire cartridge<i>, a cartridge in which the fulminate is contained in a rim surrounding its base.</cd> -- <col>Cartridge bag</col>, <cd>a bag of woolen cloth, to hold a charge for a cannon.</cd> -- <col>Cartridge belt</col>, <cd>a belt having pocket for cartridges.</cd> -- <col>Cartridge box</col>, <cd>a case, usually of leather, attached to a belt or strap, for holding cartridges.</cd> -- <col>Cartridge paper</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A thick stout paper for inclosing cartridges. <sd>(b)</sd> A rough tinted paper used for covering walls, and also for making drawings upon.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cartulary</h1>
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<hw>Car"tu*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cartularies</plw>.</plu> <ety>[LL. <ets>cartularium</ets>, <ets>chartularium</ets>, fr. L. <ets>charta</ets> paper: cf. F. <ets>cartulaire</ets>. See 1st <er>Card</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A register, or record, as of a monastery or church.</def>
<def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ecclesiastical officer who had charge of records or other public papers.</def>

<h1>Cartway</h1>
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<hw>Cart"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A way or road for carts.</def>

<h1>Cartwright</h1>
<Xpage=221>

<hw>Cart"wright`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cart</ets> + <ets>wright</ets>.]</ety> <def>An artificer who makes carts; a cart maker.</def>

<h1>Carucage</h1>
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<hw>Car"u*cage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>carrucagium</ets> (OF. <ets>charuage</ets>.), fr. LL. <ets>carruca</ets> plow, fr. L. <ets>carruca</ets> coach.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Old Eng. Law.)</fld> <def>A tax on every plow or plowland.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of plowing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Carucate</h1>
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<hw>Car"u*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>carucata</ets>, <ets>carrucata</ets>. See <er>Carucage</er>.]</ety> <def>A plowland; as much land as one team can plow in a year and a day; -- by some said to be about 100 acres.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Caruncle, Caruncula</h1>
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<hw><hw>Car"un*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ca*run"cu*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caruncula</ets> a little piece of flesh, dim. of <ets>caro</ets> flesh.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A small fleshy prominence or excrescence; especially the small, reddish body, the <i>caruncula lacrymalis</i>, in the inner angle of the eye.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An excrescence or appendage surrounding or near the hilum of a seed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A naked, flesh appendage, on the head of a bird, as the wattles of a turkey, etc.</def>

<h1>Caruncular, Carunculous</h1>
<Xpage=221>

<hw><hw>Ca*run"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ca*run"cu*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or like, a caruncle; furnished with caruncles.</def>

<h1>Carunculate, Carunculated</h1>
<Xpage=221>

<hw><hw>Ca*run"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ca*run"cu*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a caruncle or caruncles; caruncular.</def>

<hr>
<page="222">
Page 222<p>

<h1>Carus</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Ca"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Coma with complete insensibility; deep lethargy.</def>

<h1>Carvacrol</h1>
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<hw>Car"va*crol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A thick oily liquid, <chform>C10H13.OH</chform>, of a strong taste and disagreeable odor, obtained from oil of caraway (<spn>Carum carui</spn>).</def>

<h1>Carve</h1>
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<hw>Carve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Carved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Carving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>ceorfan</ets> to cut, carve; akin to D. <ets>kerven</ets>, G. <ets>kerben</ets>, Dan. <ets>karve</ets>, Sw. <ets>karfva</ets>, and to Gr. <?/ to write, orig. to scatch, and E. <ets>-graphy</ets>. Cf. <er>Graphic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Or they will <b>carven</b> the shepherd's throat.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cut, as wood, stone, or other material, in an artistic or decorative manner; to sculpture; to engrave.</def>

<blockquote><b>Carved</b> with figures strange and sweet.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make or shape by cutting, sculpturing, or engraving; to form; <as>as, to <ex>carve</ex> a name on a tree</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An angel <b>carved</b> in stone.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We <b>carved</b> not a line, and we raised not a stone.
<i>C. Wolfe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cut into small pieces or slices, as meat at table; to divide for distribution or apportionment; to apportion.</def> "To <i>carve</i> a capon."
<-- = carve up -->
<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To cut: to hew; to mark as if by cutting.</def>

<blockquote>My good blade <b>carved</b> the casques of men.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A million wrinkles <b>carved</b> his skin.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To take or make, as by cutting; to provide.</def>

<blockquote>Who could easily have <b>carved</b> themselves their own food.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To lay out; to contrive; to design; to plan.</def>

<blockquote>Lie ten nights awake <b>carving</b> the fashion of a new doublet.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To carve out</col>, <cd>to make or get by cutting, or as if by cutting; to cut out.</cd>  "[Macbeth] with his brandished steel . . . <i>carved out<i> his passage."</cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Fortunes were <b>carved out</b> of the property of the crown.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carve</h1>
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<hw>Carve</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To exercise the trade of a sculptor or carver; to engrave or cut figures.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cut up meat; <as>as, to <ex>carve</ex> for all the guests</as>.</def>

<h1>Carve</h1>
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<hw>Carve</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A carucate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Carvel</h1>
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<hw>Car"vel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>caravel</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Same as <er>Caravel</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A species of jellyfish; sea blubber.</def>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Carvelbuilt</h1>
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<hw>Car"vel*built</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>Having the planks meet flush at the seams, instead of lapping as in a clinker-built vessel.</def>

<h1>Carven</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Car"ven</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wrought by carving; ornamented by carvings; carved.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>carven</b> bowl well wrought of beechen tree.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>carven</b> cedarn doors.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A screen of <b>carven</b> ivory.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Carvene</h1>
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<hw>Car"vene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>carvi</ets> caraway.]</ety> <def>An oily substance, <chform>C10H16</chform>, extracted from oil caraway.</def>

<h1>Carver</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Carv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who carves; one who shapes or fashions by carving, or as by carving; esp. one who carves decorative forms, architectural adornments, etc.</def> "The <i>carver's</i> chisel."

<i>Dodsley.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>carver</b> of his fortunes.
<i>Sharp (Richardson's Dict. )</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who carves or divides meat at table.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A large knife for carving.</def>

<h1>Carving</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Carv"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or art of one who carves.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of decorative work cut in stone, wood, or other material.</def> "<i>Carving</i> in wood."

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The whole body of decorative sculpture of any kind or epoch, or in any material; <as>as, the Italian <ex>carving</ex> of the 15th century</as>.</def>

<h1>Carvist</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Car"vist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>carry fist</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Falconary)</fld> <def>A hawk which is of proper age and training to be carried on the hand; a hawk in its first year.</def>

<i>Booth.</i>

<h1>Carvol</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Car"vol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a species of aromatic oils, resembling carvacrol.</def>

<h1>Car wheel</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Car" wheel`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def>A flanged wheel of a railway car or truck.</def>

<h1>Caryatic, Caryatid</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw><hw>Car`y*at"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Car`y*at"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a caryatid.</def>

<h1>Caryatid</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Car`y*at"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.</plu> <plw>Caryatids</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[See <er>Caryatides</er>.]</ety> <def>(Arch.) A draped female figure supporting an entablature, in the place of a column or pilaster.</def>

<h1>Caryatides</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Car`y*at"i*des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ (<?/) priestesses in the temple of Diana (the Greek Artemis) at Cary\'91 (Gr. <?/), a village in Laconia; as an architectural term, caryatids.]</ety> <fld>(Arch)</fld> <def>Caryatids.</def>

<note>&hand; Corresponding male figures were called <i>Atlantes</i>, <i>Telamones</i>, and <i>Persians</i>.</note>

<h1>Caryophyllaceous</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Car`y*o*phyl*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ clove tree; <?/ nut + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having corollas of five petals with long claws inclosed in a tubular, calyx, as the pink</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Belonging to the family of which the pink and the carnation are the types.</def>

<h1>Caryophyllin</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Car`y*oph"yl*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A tasteless and odorless crystalline substance, extracted from cloves, polymeric with common camphor.</def>

<h1>Caryophyllous</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Car`y*oph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Caryophyllaceous.</def>

<h1>Caryopsis</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Car`y*op"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Caryopses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. gr. <?/ hut, kernel + <?/ sight, form.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A one-celled, dry, indehiscent fruit, with a thin membranous pericarp, adhering closely to the seed, so that fruit and seed are incorporated in one body, forming a single grain, as of wheat, barley, etc.</def>

<h1>Casal</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Ca"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to case; <as>as, a <ex>casal</ex> ending</as>.</def>

<h1>Cascabel</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Cas"ca*bel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>cascabel</ets> a little bell, also (fr. the shape), a knob at the breech end of a cannon.]</ety> <def>The projection in rear of the breech of a cannon, usually a knob or breeching loop connected with the gun by a neck. In old writers it included all in rear of the base ring. <note>[See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Cannon</er>.]</note></def>

<h1>Cascade</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Cas*cade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cascade</ets>, fr. It. <ets>cascata</ets>, fr. <ets>cascare</ets> to ball.]</ety> <def>A fall of water over a precipice, as in a river or brook; a waterfall less than a cataract.</def>

<blockquote>The silver brook . . . pours the white <b>cascade</b>.
<i>Longjellow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now murm'ring soft, now roaring in <b>cascade</b>.
<i>Cawper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cascade</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Cas*cade"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fall in a cascade.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To vomit.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Cascalho</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Cas*cal"ho</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg., a chip of stone, gravel.]</ety> <def>A deposit of pebbles, gravel, and ferruginous sand, in which the Brazilian diamond is usually found.</def>

<h1>Cascara sagrada</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Cas"ca*ra sa*gra"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>Holy bark; the bark of the California buckthorn (<spn>Rhamnus Purshianus</spn>), used as a mild cathartic or laxative.</def>

<h1>Cascarilla</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Cas`ca*ril"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[Sp., small thin bark, Peruvian bark, dim. of <ets>c\'a0scara</ets> bark.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A euphorbiaceous West Indian shrub (<spn>Croton Eleutheria</spn>); also, its aromatic bark.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Cascarilla bark</col> (&or; <col>Cascarila</col></mcol>) <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the bark of <spn>Croton Eleutheria</spn>.  It has an aromatic odor and a warm, spicy, bitter taste, and when burnt emits a musky odor. It is used as a gentle tonic, and sometimes, for the sake of its fragrance, mixed with smoking tobacco, when it is said to occasion vertigo and intoxication.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cascarillin</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Cas`ca*ril"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystallizable, bitter substance extracted from oil of cascarilla.</def>

<h1>Case</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Case</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>casse</ets>, F. <ets>caisse</ets> (cf. It. <ets>cassa</ets>), fr. L. <ets>capsa</ets> chest, box, case, fr. <ets>caper</ets> to take, hold See <er>Capacious</er>, and cf. 4th <er>Chase</er>, <er>Cash</er>, <er>Enchase</er>, <er>3d Sash</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A box, sheath, or covering; <as>as, a <ex>case</ex> for holding goods; a <ex>case</ex> for spectacles; the <ex>case</ex> of a watch; the <ex>case</ex> (capsule) of a cartridge; a <ex>case</ex> (cover) for a book.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A box and its contents; the quantity contained in a box; <as>as, a <ex>case</ex> of goods; a <ex>case</ex> of instruments.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding type.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Cases</i> for type are usually arranged in sets of two, called respectively the <i>upper</i> and the <i>lower</i> case. The <i>upper case</i> contains capitals, small capitals, accented; the <i>lower case</i> contains the small letters, figures, marks of punctuation, quadrats, and spaces.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An inclosing frame; a casing; <as>as, a door <ex>case</ex>; a window <ex>case</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A small fissure which admits water to the workings.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Case</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Case</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cased</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Casing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover or protect with, or as with, a case; to inclose.</def>

<blockquote>The man who, <b>cased</b> in steel, had passed whole days and nights in the saddle.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strip the skin from; <as>as, to <ex>case</ex> a box</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Case</h1>
<Xpage=222>

<hw>Case</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cas</ets>, fr. L. <ets>casus</ets>, fr. <ets>cadere</ets> to fall, to happen. Cf. <er>Chance</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Chance; accident; hap; opportunity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>By aventure, or sort, or <b>cas</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which befalls, comes, or happens; an event; an instance; a circumstance, or all the circumstamces; condition; state of things; affair; <as>as, a strange <ex>case</ex>; a <ex>case</ex> of injustice; the <ex>case</ex> of the Indian tribes.</as></def>

<blockquote>In any <b>case</b> thou shalt deliver him the pledge.
<i>Deut. xxiv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If the <b>case</b> of the man be so with his wife.
<i>Matt. xix. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And when a lady's in the <b>case</b>.
You know all other things give place.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You think this madness but a common <b>case</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am in <b>case</b> to justle a constable,
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med. & Surg.)</fld> <def>A patient under treatment; an instance of sickness or injury; <as>as, ten <ex>cases</ex> of fever</as>; also, the history of a disease or injury.</def>

<blockquote>A proper remedy in hypochondriacal <b>cases</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The matters of fact or conditions involved in a suit, as distinguished from the questions of law; a suit or action at law; a cause.</def>

<blockquote>Let us consider the reason of the <b>case</b>, for nothing is law that is not reason.
<i>Sir John Powell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Not one <b>case</b> in the reports of our courts.
<i>Steele.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>One of the forms, or the inflections or changes of form, of a noun, pronoun, or adjective, which indicate its relation to other words, and in the aggregate constitute its declension; the relation which a noun or pronoun sustains to some other word.</def>

<blockquote><b>Case</b> is properly a <b>falling off</b> from the nominative or first state of word; the name for which, however, is now, by extension of its signification, applied also to the nominative.
<i>J. W. Gibbs.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Cases</i> other than the nominative are <i>oblique cases</i>. <i>Case endings</i> are terminations by which certain cases are distinguished. In old English, as in Latin, nouns had several cases distinguished by <i>case endings</i>, but in modern English only that of the possessive case is retained.</note>

<cs><col>Action on the case</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>according to the old classification (now obsolete), was an action for redress of wrongs or injuries to person or property not specially provided against by law, in which the whole cause of complaint was set out in the writ; -- called also <altname>trespass on the case</altname>, or simply <altname>case</altname>.</cd> -- <col>All a case</col>, <cd>a matter of indifference.</cd>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "It is <i>all a case<i> to me." <i>L'Estrange</i>. -- <col>Case at bar</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bar</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Case divinity</col>, <cd>casuistry.</cd> -- <col>Case lawyer</col>, <cd>one versed in the reports of cases rather than in the science of the law.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Case stated</col> or <col>agreed on</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a statement in writing of facts agreed on and submitted to the court for a decision of the legal points arising on them.</cd> -- <col>A hard case</col>, <cd>an abandoned or incorrigible person.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>In any case</col></mcol>, <cd>whatever may be the state of affairs; anyhow.</cd> -- <mcol><col>In case</col>, &or; <col>In case that</col></mcol>, <cd>if; supposing that; in the event or contingency; if it should happen that.</cd>  "<i>In case<i> we are surprised, keep by me." <i>W. Irving</i>. -- <col>In good case</col>, <cd>in good condition, health, or state of body.</cd> -- <col>To put a case</col>, <cd>to suppose a hypothetical or illustrative case.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Situation, condition, state; circumstances; plight; predicament; occurrence; contingency; accident; event; conjuncture; cause; action; suit.</syn>

<h1>Case</h1>
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<hw>Case</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To propose hypothetical cases.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Casing</i> upon the matter."

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Caseation</h1>
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<hw>Ca`se*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cas\'82ation</ets>. See <er>Casein</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A degeneration of animal tissue into a cheesy or curdy mass.</def>

<h1>Case-bay</h1>
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<hw>Case"-bay`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The space between two principals or girders</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the joists framed between a pair of girders in naked flooring.</def>

<h1>Caseharden</h1>
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<hw>Case"hard`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To subject to a process which converts the surface of iron into steel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To render insensible to good influences.</def>

<h1>Casehardened</h1>
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<hw>Case"hard`ened</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the surface hardened, as iron tools.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hardened against, or insusceptible to, good influences; rendered callous by persistence in wrongdoing or resistance of good influences; -- said of persons.</def>

<h1>Casehardening</h1>
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<hw>Case"hard`en*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of converting the surface of iron into steel.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Casehardening</i> is now commonly effected by cementation with charcoal or other carbonizing material, the depth and degree of hardening (carbonization) depending on the time during which the iron is exposed to the heat. See <er>Cementation</er>.</note>

<h1>Caseic</h1>
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<hw>Ca"se*ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cas\'82ique</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caseus</ets> cheese.]</ety> <def>OF or pertaining to cheese; <as>as, <ex>caseic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Casein</h1>
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<hw>Ca"se*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cas\'82ine</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caseur</ets> cheese. Cf. <er>Cheese</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A proteid substance present in both the animal and the vegetable kingdom. In the animal kindom it is chiefly found in milk, and constitutes the main part of the curd separated by rennet; in the vegetable kingdom it is found more or less abundantly in the seeds of leguminous plants. Its reactions resemble those of alkali albumin.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>caseine</asp>.]</altsp>

<-- no pos in original. = n. -->
<h1>Case knife</h1>
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<hw>Case" knife`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A knife carried in a sheath or case.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A large table knife; -- so called from being formerly kept in a <i>case</i>.</def>

<h1>Casemate</h1>
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<hw>Case"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>casemate</ets>, fr. It. <ets>casamatta</ets>, prob. from <ets>casa</ets> house + <ets>matto</ets>, f. <ets>matta</ets>, mad, weak, feeble, dim. from the same source as E. <ets>-mate</ets> in <ets>checkmate</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A bombproof chamber, usually of masonry, in which cannon may be placed, to be fired through embrasures; or one capable of being used as a magazine, or for quartering troops.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A hollow molding, chiefly in cornices.</def>

<h1>Casemated</h1>
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<hw>Case"ma`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with, protected by, or built like, a casemate.</def>

<i>Campbell.</i>

<h1>Casement</h1>
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<hw>Case"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Shortened fr. <ets>encasement</ets>. See <er>Incase 1st Case</er>, and cf. <er>Incasement</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A window sash opening on hinges affixed to the upright side of the frame into which it is fitted. <mark>(Poetically)</mark> A window.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>casement</b> of the great chamber window.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Casemented</h1>
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<hw>Case"ment*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a casement or casements.</def>

<h1>Caseous</h1>
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<hw>Ca"se*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caseus</ets>. Cf. <er>Casein</er>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, cheese; having the qualities of cheese; cheesy.</def>

<cs><col>Caseous degeneration</col>, <cd>a morbid process, in scrofulous or consumptive persons, in which the products of inflammation are converted into a cheesy substance which is neither absorbed nor organized.</cd></cs>

<h1>Casern</h1>
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<hw>Ca"sern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>caserne</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lodging for soldiers in garrison towns, usually near the rampart; barracks.</def>

<i>Bescherelle.</i>

<h1>Case shot</h1>
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<hw>Case" shot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A collection of small projectiles, inclosed in a case or canister.</def>

<note>&hand; In the United States a <i>case shot</i> is a thin spherical or oblong cast-iron shell containing musket balls and a bursting charge, with a time fuse; -- called in Europe <i>shrapnel</i>. In Europe the term <i>case shot</i> is applied to what in the United States is called <i>canister</i>.</note>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<h1>Caseum</h1>
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<hw>Ca"se*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caseus</ets> cheese.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Casein</er>.</def>

<h1>Caseworm</h1>
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<hw>Case"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A worm or grub that makes for itself a case. See <er>Caddice</er>.</def>

<h1>Cash</h1>
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<hw>Cash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>caisse</ets> case, box, cash box, cash. See <er>Case</er> a box.]</ety> <def>A place where money is kept, or where it is deposited and paid out; a money box.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This bank is properly a general <b>cash</b>, where every man lodges his money.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>\'9c20,000 are known to be in her <b>cash</b>.
<i>Sir R. Winwood.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Ready money; especially, coin or specie; but also applied to bank notes, drafts, bonds, or any paper easily convertible into money</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Immediate or prompt payment in current funds; <as>as, to sell goods for <ex>cash</ex>; to make a reduction in price for <ex>cash</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>Cash account</col> <fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld>, <cd>an account of money received, disbursed, and on hand.</cd> -- <col>Cash boy</col>, <cd>in large retail stores, a messenger who carries the money received by the salesman from customers to a cashier, and returns the proper change.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Cash credit</col>, <cd>an account with a bank by which a person or house, having given security for repayment, draws at pleasure upon the bank to the extent of an amount agreed upon; -- called also <altname>bank credit</altname> and <altname>cash account</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Cash sales</col>, <cd>sales made for ready, money, in distinction from those on which credit is given; stocks sold, to be delivered on the day of transaction.</cd></cs>
<-- cash on the nail.  A cash payment made immediately upon receiving the thing purchased. -->

<syn>Syn. -- Money; coin; specie; currency; capital.</syn>

<h1>Cash</h1>
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<hw>Cash</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cashed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Casing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To pay, or to receive, cash for; to exchange for money; <as>as, <ex>cash</ex> a note or an order</as>.</def>

<h1>Cash</h1>
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<hw>Cash</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cashier</er>.]</ety> <def>To disband.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Garges.</i>

<h1>Cash</h1>
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<hw>Cash</hw>, <tt>n.sing & pl.</tt> <def>A Chinese coin.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>cash</i> (<i>Chinese tsien</i>) is the only current coin made by the chinese government. It is a thin circular disk of a very base alloy of copper, with a square hole in the center. 1,000 to 1,400 <i>cash</i> are equivalent to a dollar.</note>

<hr>
<page="223">
Page 223<p>

<h1>Cashbook</h1>
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<hw>Cash"book</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld> <def>A book in which is kept a register of money received or paid out.</def>

<h1>Cashew</h1>
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<hw>Ca*shew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>acajou</ets>, for <ets>cajou</ets>, prob. from Malay <ets>k\'beyu</ets> tree; cf. Pg. <ets>acaju</ets>, cf. <er>Acajou</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree (<spn>Anacardium occidentale</spn>) of the same family which the sumac. It is native in tropical America, but is now naturalized in all tropical countries. Its fruit, a kidney-shaped nut, grows at the extremity of an edible, pear-shaped hypocarp, about three inches long.</def>

<cs><col>Casbew nut</col>, <cd>the large, kidney-shaped fruit of the cashew, which is edible after the caustic oil has been expelled from the shell by roasting the nut.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cashier</h1>
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<hw>Cash*ier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>caissier</ets>, fr. <ets>caisse</ets>. See <er>Cash</er>.]</ety> <def>One who has charge of money; a cash keeper; the officer who has charge of the payments and receipts (moneys, checks, notes), of a bank or a mercantile company.</def>

<h1>Cashier</h1>
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<hw>Cash*ier"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cahiered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. &vb. n.</tt> <er>Cashiering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Earlier <ets>cash</ets>, fr. F. <ets>casser</ets> to break, annul, cashier, fr. L. <ets>cassare</ets>, equiv. to <ets>cassum reddere</ets>, to annul; cf. G. <ets>cassiren</ets>. Cf. <er>Quash</er> to annul, <er>Cass</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dismiss or discard; to discharge; to dismiss with ignominy from military service or from an office or place of frust.</def>

<blockquote>They have <b>cashiered</b> several of their followers.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He had insolence to <b>cashier</b> the captain of the lord lieutenant's own body guard.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put away or reject; to disregard.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Connections formed for interest, and endeared

<blockquote>By selfish views, [are] censured and <b>cashiered</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They absolutely <b>cashier</b> the literal express sense of the words.
<i>Sowth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cashierer</h1>
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<hw>Cash*ier"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rejects, discards, or dismisses; <as>as, a <ex>cashierer</ex> of monarchs</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Cashmere</h1>
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<hw>Cash"mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rich stuff for shawls, acaris, etc., originally made in Cashmere from the soft wool found beneath the hair of the goats of Cashmere, Thibet, and the Himalayas. Some cashmere, of fine quality, is richly embroidered for sale to Europeans.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dress fabric made of fine wool, or of fine wool and cotton, in imitation of the original cashmere.</def>

<cs><col>Cashmere shawl</col>, <cd>a rich and costly shawl made of cashmere; -- other called <i>camel's-hair shawl<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cashmerette</h1>
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<hw>Cash`me*rette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of dress goods, made with a soft and glossy surface like cashmere.</def>

<h1>Cashoo</h1>
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<hw>Ca*shoo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cachou</ets>, NL. <er>catechu</er>, Cochin-Chin. <ets>cay cau</ets> from the tree called <ets>mimosa</ets>, or <ets>areca catechu</ets>. Cf. <er>Catechu</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Catechu</er>.</def>

<h1>Casing</h1>
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<hw>Cas"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of inclosing in, or covering with, a case or thin substance, as plaster, boards, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An outside covering, for protection or ornament, or to precent the radiation of heat.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An inclosing frame; esp. the framework around a door or a window. See <er>Case</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<h1>Casings</h1>
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<hw>Ca"sings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Dried dung of cattle used as fuel.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Waterland.</i>

<h1>Casino</h1>
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<hw>Ca*si"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Casinos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, It. <plw>Casini</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[It. <ets>casino</ets>, dim. of <ets>casa</ets> house, fr. L. <ets>casa</ets> cottage. Cf. <er>Cassing</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small country house.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A building or room used for meetings, or public amusements, for dancing, gaming, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A game at cards. See <er>Cassino</er>.</def>

<h1>Cask</h1>
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<hw>Cask</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>casco</ets> potsherd, skull, helmet, prob. fr. <ets>cascar</ets> to break, fr. L. <ets>Quassure</ets> to break. Cf. <er>Casque</er>, <er>Cass</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Same as <er>Casque</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A barrel-shaped vessel made of staves headings, and hoops, usually fitted together so as to hold liquids. It may be larger or smaller than a barrel.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The quantity contained in a cask.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A casket; a small box for jewels.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cask</h1>
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<hw>Cask</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put into a cask.</def>

<h1>Casket</h1>
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<hw>Cas"ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>casquet</ets>, dim. of <ets>casque</ets> belmet, fr. Sp. <ets>casco</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small chest or box, esp. of rich material or ornamental character, as for jewels, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The little <b>casket</b> bring me hither.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of burial case.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything containing or intended to contain something highly esteemed; as: <sd>(a)</sd> The body. (<i>Shak</i>). <sd>(b)</sd> The tomb. (<i>Milton</i>). <sd>(c)</sd> A book of selections.</def> <mark>[poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>They found him dead . . . an empty <b>casket</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Casket</h1>
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<hw>Cas"ket</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A gasket. See <er>Gasket</er>.</def>

<h1>Casket</h1>
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<hw>Cas"ket</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put into, or preserve in, a casket.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark> "I have <i>casketed</i> my treasure."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Casque</h1>
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<hw>Casque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>casque</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>casco</ets> See <er>Cask</er>.]</ety> <def>A piece of defensive or ornamental armor (with or without a vizor) for the head and neck; a helmet.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>casque</b> overshadowed with brilliant plumes.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cass</h1>
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<hw>Cass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>casser</ets>, LL. <ets>cassare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cassus</ets> empty, hollow, and perhaps influenced by L. <ets>quassare</ets> to shake, shatter, v. intens. of <ets>quatere</ets> to shake. Cf. <er>Cashier</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Quash</er>, <er>Cask</er>.]</ety> <def>To render useless or void; to annul; to reject; to send away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleing.</i>

<h1>Cassada</h1>
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<hw>Cas"sa*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cassava</er>.</def>

<h1>Cassareep</h1>
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<hw>Cas"sa*reep</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A condiment made from the sap of the bitter cassava (<spn>Manihot utilissima</spn>) deprived of its poisonous qualities, concentrated by boiling, and flavored with aromatics. See <er>Pepper pot</er>.</def>

<h1>Cassate</h1>
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<hw>Cas"sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>cassare</ets>. See <er>Cass</er>.]</ety> <def>To render void or useless; to vacate or annul.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cassation</h1>
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<hw>Cas*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cassation</ets>. See <er>Cass</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of annulling.</def>

<blockquote>A general <b>cassation</b> of their constitutions.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Court of cassation</col>, <cd>the highest court of appeal in France, which has power to quash (<i>Casser<i>) or reverse the decisions of the inferior courts.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cassava</h1>
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<hw>Cas"sa*va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cassave</ets>, Sp. <ets>cazabe</ets>, fr. <ets>kasabi</ets>, in the language of Hayti.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shrubby euphorbiaceous plant of the genus <spn>Manihot</spn>, with fleshy rootstocks yielding an edible starch; -- called also <altname>manioc</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; There are two species, <i>bitter</i> and <i>sweet</i>, from which the cassava of commerce is prepared in the West Indies, tropical America, and Africa. The bitter (<spn>Manihot utilissima</spn>) is the more important; this has a poisonous sap, but by grating, pressing, and baking the root the poisonous qualities are removed. The sweet (<spn>M. Aipi</spn>) is used as a table vegetable.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A nutritious starch obtained from the rootstocks of the cassava plant, used as food and in making tapioca.</def>

<h1>Casse Paper</h1>
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<hw>Cas"se Pa"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>papier cass\'82</ets>. See <er>Cass</er>.]</ety> <def>Broken paper; the outside quires of a ream.</def>

<h1>Casserole</h1>
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<hw>Cas"se*role</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. a saucepan, dim. from <ets>casse</ets> a basin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A small round dish with a handle, usually of porcelain.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A mold (in the shape of a hollow vessel or incasement) of boiled rice, mashed potato or paste, baked, and afterwards filled with vegetables or meat.</def>

<h1>Cassia</h1>
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<hw>Cas"sia</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cassia</ets> and <ets>casia</ets>, Gr. <?/ and <?/; of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. <ets>qets\'c6\'beh</ets>, fr. <ets>q\'betsa'</ets> to cut off, to peel off.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of leguminous plants (herbs, shrubs, or trees) of many species, most of which have purgative qualities. The leaves of several species furnish the senna used in medicine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The bark of several species of <spn>Cinnamommum</spn> grown in China, etc.; Chinese cinnamon.  It is imported as <i>cassia</i>, but commonly sold as cinnamon, from which it differs more or less in strength and flavor, and the amount of outer bark attached.</def>

<note>&hand; The medicinal "cassia" (<i>Cassia pulp</i>) is the laxative pulp of the pods of a leguminous tree (<spn>Cassia fistula</spn> or <i>Pudding-pipe tree</i>), native in the East Indies but naturalized in various tropical countries.</note>

<cs><col>Cassia bark</col>, <cd>the bark of <spn>Cinnamomum Cassia</spn>, etc. The coarser kinds are called <spn>Cassia lignea</spn>, and are often used to adulterate true cinnamon.</cd> -- <col>Cassia buds</col>, <cd>the dried flower buds of several species of cinnamon (<spn>Cinnamomum cassia</spn>, atc..).</cd> -- <col>Cassia oil</col>, <cd>oil extracted from cassia bark and cassia buds; -- called also <altname>oil of cinnamon</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cassican</h1>
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<hw>Cas"si*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>cassicus</ets> helmeted, fr. L. <ets>cassis</ets> a belmet.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American bird of the genus <spn>Cassicus</spn>, allied to the starlings and orioles, remarkable for its skillfully constructed and suspended nest; the crested oriole. The name is also sometimes given to the piping crow, an Australian bird.</def>

<h1>Cassideous</h1>
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<hw>Cas*sid"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Cassis</ets> helmet.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Helmet-shaped; -- applied to a corolla having a broad, helmet-shaped upper petal, as in aconite.</def>

<h1>Cassidony</h1>
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<hw>Cas"si*do*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>cassidonium</ets>, F. <ets>Cassidoine</ets>. See <er>Chalcedony</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The French lavender (<spn>Lawandula Stachas</spn>)</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The goldilocks <spn>(Chrysocoma linosyris)</spn> and perhaps other plants related to the genus <spn>Gnaphalium</spn> or cudweed.</def>

<h1>Cassimere</h1>
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<hw>Cas"si*mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>casimir</ets>, prob. of the same origin as E. <ets>cashmere</ets>. Cf. <er>Kerseymere</er>.]</ety> <def>A thin, twilled, woolen cloth, used for men's garments.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kerseymere</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cassinette</h1>
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<hw>Cas`si*nette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>casinete</ets>, G. <ets>cassinet</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cloth with a cotton wart, and a woof of very fine wool, or wool and silk.</def>

<h1>Cassinian ovals</h1>
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<hw>Cas*sin"i*an o"vals</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Oval</er>.</def>

<h1>Cassino</h1>
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<hw>Cas*si"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>casino</ets> a small house, a gaming house. See <er>asing</er>.]</ety> <def>A game at cards, played by two or more persons, usually for twenty-one points.</def>

<cs><col>Great cassino</col>, <cd>the ten of diamonds.</cd> -- <col>Little cassino</col>, <cd>the two of spades.</cd></cs>

<-- 2. a gaming house, often containing slot machines, roulette tables, craps tables and/or card games. -->

<h1>Cassioberry</h1>
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<hw>Cas"si*o*ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>cassine</ets>, from the language of the Florida Indians.]</ety> <def>The fruit of the <i>Viburnum obovatum</i>, a shrub which grows from Virginia to Florida.</def>

<h1>Cassiopeia</h1>
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<hw>Cas`si*o*pe"ia</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A constellation of the northern hemisphere, situated between Capheus and Perseus; -- so called in honor of the wife of Cepheus, a fabuolous king of Ethiopia.</def>

<cs><col>Cassiopeia's Chair</col>, <cd>a group of six stars, in Cassiopeia, somewhat resembling a chair.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cassiterite</h1>
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<hw>Cas*sit"er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ tin.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native tin dioxide; tin stone; a mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals of reddish brown color, and brilliant adamantine luster; also massive, sometimes in compact forms with concentric fibrous structure resembling wood (<i>wood tin</i>), also in rolled fragments or pebbly (<i>Stream tin</i>). It is the chief source of metallic tin. See <er>Black tin</er>, under <er>Black</er>.</def>

<h1>Cassius</h1>
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<hw>Cas"sius</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the name of the discoverer, A. <ets>Cassius</ets>, a German physician of the 17th centry.]</ety> <def>A brownish purple pigment, obtained by the action of some compounds of tin upon certain salts of gold. It is used in painting and staining porcelain and glass to give a beautiful purple color. Commonly called <i>Purple of Cassius</i>.</def>

<h1>Cassock</h1>
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<hw>Cas"sock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>casaque</ets>, fr. It. <ets>casacca</ets>, perh. fr. L. <ets>casa</ets> cottage, in It., house; or of Slavic origin.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A long outer garment formerly worn by men and women, as well as by soldiers as part of their uniform.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A garment resembling a long frock coat worn by the clergy of certain churches when officiating, and by others as the usually outer garment.</def>

<h1>Cassocked</h1>
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<hw>Cas"socked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Clothed with a cassock.</def>

<h1>Cassolette</h1>
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<hw>Cas`so*lette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>a box, or vase with a perforated cover to emit perfumes.</def>

<h1>Cassonade</h1>
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<hw>Cas`son*ade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>casson</ets>, for <ets>caisson</ets> a large chest. This sugar comes from Brazil in large chests.]</ety> <def>Raw sugar; sugar not refined.</def>

<i>Mc Elrath.</i>

<h1>Cassowary</h1>
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<hw>Cas"so*wa*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cassowaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Malay <ets>kasu\'beri</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large bird, of the genus <spn>Casuarius</spn>, found in the east Indies. It is smaller and stouter than the ostrich. Its head is armed with a kind of helmet of horny substance, consisting of plates overlapping each other, and it has a group of long sharp spines on each wing which are used as defensive organs. It is a shy bird, and runs with great rapidity. Other species inhabit New Guinea, Australia, etc.</def>

<h1>Cassumunar, Cassumuniar</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cas`su*mu"nar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cas`su*mu"ni*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A pungent, bitter, aromatic, gingerlike root, obtained from the East Indies.</def>

<h1>Cast</h1>
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<hw>Cast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cast</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Casting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>kastw</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>kasta</ets>; perh. akin to L. <er>gerer</er> to bear, carry. E. <ets>Jest</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To send or drive by force; to throw; to fling; to hurl; to impel.</def>

<blockquote>Uzziash prepared . . . slings to <b>cast</b> stones.
<i>2 Chron. xxvi. 14</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Cast</b> thy garment about thee, and follow me.
<i>Acts. xii. 8</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We must be <b>cast</b> upon a certain island.
<i>Acts. xxvii. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To direct or turn, as the eyes.</def>

<blockquote>How earnestly he <b>cast</b> his eyes upon me!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To drop; to deposit; <as>as, to <ex>cast</ex> a ballot</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To throw down, as in wrestling.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To throw up, as a mound, or rampart.</def>

<blockquote>Thine enemies shall <b>cast</b> a trench [bank] about thee.
<i>Luke xix. 48.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To throw off; to eject; to shed; to lose.</def>

<blockquote>His filth within being <b>cast</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Neither shall your vine <b>cast</b> her fruit.
<i>Mal. iii. 11</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The creatures that <b>cast</b> the skin are the snake, the viper, etc.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To bring forth prematurely; to slink.</def>

<blockquote>Thy she-goats have not <b>cast</b> their young.
<i>Gen. xxi. 38.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To throw out or emit; to exhale.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This . . . <b>casts</b> a sulphureous smell.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To cause to fall; to shed; to reflect; to throw; <as>as, to <ex>cast</ex> a ray upon a screen; to <ex>cast</ex> light upon a subject.</as></def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To impose; to bestow; to rest.</def>

<blockquote>The government I <b>cast</b> upon my brother.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Cast</b> thy burden upon the Lord.
<i>Ps. iv. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>To dismiss; to discard; to cashier.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The state can not with safety <b>cast</b>him.

<p><b>12.</b> <def>To compute; to reckon; to calculate; <as>as, to <ex>cast</ex> a horoscope</as>.</def> "Let it be <i>cast</i> and paid."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>You <b>cast</b> the event of war my noble lord.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>To contrive; to plan.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The cloister . . . had, I doubt not, been <b>cast</b> for [an orange- house].
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>14.</b> <def>To defeat in a lawsuit; to decide against; to convict; <as>as, to be <ex>cast</ex> in damages</as>.</def>

<blockquote>She was <b>cast</b> to be hanged.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Were the case referred to any competent judge, they would inevitably be <b>cast</b>.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>15.</b> <def>To turn (the balance or scale); to overbalance; hence, to make preponderate; to decide; <as>as, a <ex>casting</ex> voice</as>.</def>

<blockquote>How much interest <b>casts</b> the balance in cases dubious!
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>16.</b> <def>To form into a particular shape, by pouring liquid metal or other material into a mold; to fashion; to found; <as>as, to <ex>cast</ex> bells, stoves, bullets</as>.</def>

<p><b>17.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To stereotype or electrotype.</def>

<p><b>18.</b> <def>To fix, distribute, or allot, as the parts of a play among actors; also to assign (an actor) for a part.</def>

<blockquote>Our parts in the other world will be new <b>cast</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To cast anchor</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>Se under <er>Anchor</er>.</cd> -- <col>To cast a horoscope</col>, <cd>to calculate it.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To cast a horse</col>, <col>sheep</col>, or other animal</mcol>, <cd>to throw with the feet upwards, in such a manner as to prevent its rising again.</cd> -- <col>To cast a shoe</col>, <cd>to throw off or lose a shoe, said of a horse or ox.</cd> -- <col>To cast aside</col>, <cd>to throw or push aside; to neglect; to reject as useless or inconvenient.</cd> -- <col>To cast away</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To throw away; to lavish; to waste.</cd> "<i>Cast away<i> a life" <i>Addison</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To reject; to let perish.</cd>  "<i>Cast away<i> his people." <i>Rom. xi. 1</i>. "<i>Cast<i> one <i>away<i>." <i>Shak</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To wreck.</cd> "<i>Cast away<i> and sunk." <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>To cast by</col>, <cd>to reject; to dismiss or discard; to throw away.</cd> -- <col>To cast down</col>, <cd>to throw down; to destroy; to deject or depress, as the mind.</cd>  "Why art thou <i>cast down<i>. O my soul?" <i>Ps. xiii. 5</i>. -- <col>To cast forth</col>, <cd>to throw out, or eject, as from an inclosed place; to emit; to send out.</cd> -- <col>To cast in one's lot with</col>, <cd>to share the fortunes of.</cd> -- <col>To cast in one's teeth</col>, <cd>to upbraid or abuse one for; to twin.</cd> -- <col>To cast lots</col>. <cd>See under <er>Lot</er>.</cd> -- <col>To cast off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To discard or reject; to drive away; to put off; to free one's self from.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Hunting)</fld> <cd>To leave behind, as dogs; also, to set loose, or free, as dogs.</cd> <i>Crabb</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To untie, throw off, or let go, as a rope.</cd> -- <col>To cast off copy</col>, <cd><fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>to estimate how much printed matter a given amount of copy will make, or how large the page must be in order that the copy may make a given number of pages.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To cast one's self on</col> &or; <col>upon<col></col> to yield or submit one's self unreservedly to. as to the mercy of another.</cd> -- <col>To cast out</col>, <cd>to throy out; to eject, as from a house; to cast forth; to expel; to utter.</cd> -- <col>To cast the lead</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to sound by dropping the lead to the botton.</cd> -- <col>To cast the water</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>to examine the urine for signs of disease.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>. -- <col>To cast up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To throw up; to raise.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To compute; to reckon, as the cost.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To vomit.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To twit with; to throw in one's teeth.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cast</h1>
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<hw>Cast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw, as a line in angling, esp, with a fly hook.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To turn the head of a vessel around from the wind in getting under weigh.</def>

<blockquote>Weigh anchor, <b>cast</b> to starboard.
<i>Totten.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To consider; to turn or revolve in the mind; to plan; <as>as, to <ex>cast</ex> about for reasons</as>.</def>

<blockquote>She . . . <b>cast</b> in her mind what manner of salution this should be.
<i>Luke. i. 29.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To calculate; to compute.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Who would <b>cast</b> and balance at a desk.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To receive form or shape in a mold.</def>

<blockquote>It will not run thin, so as to <b>cast</b> and mold.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To warp; to become twisted out of shape.</def>

<blockquote>Stuff is said to <b>cast</b> or warp when . . . it alters its flatness or straightness.
<i>Moxon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To vomit.</def>

<blockquote>These verses . . . make me ready to <b>cast</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cast</h1>
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<hw>Cast</hw>, <def><tt>3d pres.</tt> of <er>Cast</er>, for <i>Casteth</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Cast</h1>
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<hw>Cast</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel., Dan., & Sw. <ets>kast</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of casting or throwing; a throw.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thing thrown.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>cast</b> of dreadful dust.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The distance to which a thing is or can be thrown.</def> "About a stone's <i>cast</i>."

<i>Luke xxii. 41.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A throw of dice; hence, a chance or venture.</def>

<blockquote>An even <b>cast</b> whether the army should march this way or that way.

<i>Sowth.</i>

<blockquote>I have set my life upon a <b>cast</b>,
And I will stand the hazard of the die.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which is throw out or off, shed, or ejected; <as>as, the skin of an insect, the refuse from a hawk's stomach, the excrement of a earthworm</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The act of casting in a mold.</def>

<blockquote>And why such daily <b>cast</b> of brazen cannon.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>An impression or mold, taken from a thing or person; amold; a pattern.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>That which is formed in a mild; esp. a reproduction or copy, as of a work of art, in bronze or plaster, etc.; a casting.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Form; appearence; mien; air; style; <as>as, a pecullar <ex>cast</ex> of countenance</as>.</def>  "A neat <i>cast</i> of verse." <i>Pope</i>.

<blockquote>An heroic poem, but in another <b>cast</b> and figure.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And thus the native hue of resolution
Is sicklied o'er with the pale <b>cast</b> of thought.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>A tendency to any color; a tinge; a shade.</def>

<blockquote>Gray with a <b>cast</b> of green.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>A chance, opportunity, privilege, or advantage; specifically, an opportunity of riding; a lift.</def> <mark>[Scotch]</mark>

<blockquote>We bargained with the driver to give us a <b>cast</b> to the next stage.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If we had the <b>cast</b> o' a cart to bring it.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>The assignment of parts in a play to the actors.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <fld>(Falconary)</fld> <def>A flight or a couple or set of hawks let go at one time from the hand.</def>

<i>Grabb.</i>

<blockquote>As when a <b>cast</b> of falcons make their flight.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>14.</b> <def>A stoke, touch, or trick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This was a <b>cast</b> of Wood's politics; for his information was wholly false.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>15.</b> <def>A motion or turn, as of the eye; direction; look; glance; squint.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>cast</b> of the eye is a gesture of aversion.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And let you see with one <b>cast</b> of an eye.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This freakish, elvish <b>cast</b> came into the child's eye.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>16.</b> <def>A tube or funnel for conveying metal into a mold.</def>

<p><b>17.</b> <def>Four; that is, as many as are thrown into a vessel at once in counting herrings, etc; a warp.</def>

<p><b>18.</b> <def>Contrivance; plot, design.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>A cast of the eye</col>, <cd>a slight squint or strabismus.</cd> -- <col>Renal cast</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>microscopic bodies found in the urine of persons affected with disease of the kidneys; -- so called because they are formed of matter deposited in, and preserving the outline of, the renal tubes.</cd> -- <col>The last cast</col>, <cd>the last throw of the dice or last effort, on which every thing is ventured; the last chance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Castalian</h1>
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<hw>Cas*ta"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Castalius</ets>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Castalia, a mythical fountain of inspiration on Mt. Parnassus sacred to the Muses.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Castanea</h1>
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<hw>Cas*ta"ne*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a chestnut, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of nut-bearing trees or shrubs including the chestnut and chinquapin.</def>

<h1>Castanet</h1>
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<hw>Cas"ta*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Castanets</er>.</def>

<h1>Castanets</h1>
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<hw>Cas"ta*nets</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>castagnettes</ets>, Sp. <ets>casta\'a4etas</ets>, fr. L. <ets>castanea</ets> (Sp. <ets>casta\'a4a</ets>) a chestnut. So named from the resemblance to two chestnuts, or because chestnuts were first used for castanets. See <er>Chestnut</er>.]</ety> <def>Two small, concave shells of ivory or hard wood, shaped like spoons, fastened to the thumb, and beaten together with the middle finger; -- used by the Spaniards and Moors as an accompaniment to their dance and guitars.</def>

<note>&hand; The singular, <i>castanet</i>, is used of <i>one</i> of the pair, or, sometimes, of the pair forming the instrument.</note>

<blockquote>The dancer, holding a <b>castanet</b> in each hand, rattles then to the motion of his feet.
<i>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Castaway</h1>
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<hw>Cast"a*way</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, is cast away or shipwrecked.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is ruined; one who has made moral shipwreck; a reprobate.</def>

<blockquote>Lest . . . <b>when I have preached to others</b>, <b>I myself should be a castaway</b>.
<i>1 Cor. ix. 27.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Casaway</h1>
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<hw>Cas"a*way</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of no value; rejected; useless.</def>

<h1>Caste</h1>
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<hw>Caste</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>casta</ets> race, lineage, fr. L. <ets>castus</ets> pure, chaste: cf. F. <ets>caste</ets>, of same origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the hereditary classes into which the Hindoos are divided according to the laws of Brahmanism.</def>

<note>&hand; The members of the same caste are theoretically of equal rank, and same profession or occupation, and may not eat or intermarry with those not of their own caste. The original are four, viz., the <i>Brahmans</i>, or sacerdotal order; the <i>Kshatriyas</i>, or soldiers and rulers; the <i>Vaisyas</i>, or husbandmen and merchants; and the <i>Sudras</i>, or laborers and mechanics.  Men of no caste are <i>Pariahs</i>, outcasts.  Numerous mixed classes, or <i>castes</i>, have sprung up in the progress of time.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A separate and fixed order or class of persons in society who chiefly hold intercourse among themselves.</def>

<blockquote>The tinkers then formed an hereditary <b>caste</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To lose caste</col>, <cd>to be degraded from the caste to which one has belonged; to lose social position or consideration.</cd></cs>

<h1>Castellan</h1>
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<hw>Cas"tel*lan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>castelain</ets>, F. <ets>ch\'83telain</ets>, L. <ets>castellanus</ets> pertaining to a castle, an occupant of a caste, LL., a governor of a castle, fr. L. <ets>catellum</ets> castle, citadel, dim. of <ets>castrum</ets> fortifled place. See <er>Castle</er>, and cf. <er>Chatelaine</er>.]</ety> <def>A goveror or warden of a castle.</def>

<h1>Castellany</h1>
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<hw>Cas"tel*la*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Castellanies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[LL. <ets>castellania</ets>.]</ety> <def>The lordship of a castle; the extent of land and jurisdiction appertaining to a castle.</def>

<h1>Castellated</h1>
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<hw>Cas"tel*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>castellatus</ets>, fr. <ets>castellare</ets>. See <er>Castle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclosed within a building; <as>as, a fountain or cistern <ex>castellated</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Furnished with turrets and battlements, like a castle; built in the style of a castle.</def>

<h1>Castellation</h1>
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<hw>Cas`tel*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>castellation</ets>, fr. <ets>castellare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>castellum</ets>. See <er>Castle</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of making into a castle.</def>

<h1>Caster</h1>
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<hw>Cast"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who casts; <as>as, <ex>caster</ex> of stones, etc.</as> ; a <i>caster</i> of cannon; a <i>caster</i> of accounts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vial, cruet, or other small vessel, used to contain condiments at the table; <as>as, a set of <ex>casters</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A stand to hold a set of cruets.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A small wheel on a swivel, on which furniture is supported and moved.</def>

<h1>Castigate</h1>
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<hw>Cas"ti*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Castigated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Castigating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>castigatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>castigare</ets> to correct, punish; <ets>castus</ets> pure, chaste + <ets>agere</ets> to move, drive. See <er>Caste</er>, and cf. <er>Chasten</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To punish by stripes; to chastise by blows; to chasten; also, to chastise verbally; to reprove; to criticise severely.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To emend; to correct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Castigation</h1>
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<hw>Cas`ti*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>catigatio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Corrective punishment; chastisement; reproof; pungent criticism.</def>

<blockquote>The keenest <b>castigation</b> of her slanderers.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Emendation; correction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Castigator</h1>
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<hw>Cas`ti*ga"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who castigates or corrects.</def>

<h1>Castigatory</h1>
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<hw>Cas`ti*ga*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>castigatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Punitive in order to amendment; corrective.</def>

<h1>Castigatory</h1>
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<hw>Cas"ti*ga*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instrument formerly used to punish and correct arrant scolds; -- called also a <altname>ducking stool</altname>, or <altname>trebucket</altname>.</def>

<i>Blacktone.</i>

<h1>Castile soap</h1>
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<hw>Cas"tile soap"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From <ets>Castile</ets>, or <ets>Castilia</ets>, a province in Spain, from which it originally came.]</ety> <def>A kind of fine, hard, white or mottled soap, made with olive and soda; also, a soap made in imitation of the above-described soap.</def>

<h1>Castilian</h1>
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<hw>Cas*til"ian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>castellano</ets>, from <ets>Castila</ets>, NL. <ets>Castilia</ets>, <ets>Castella</ets>. Castile, which received its name from the castles erected on the frontiers as a barrier against the Moors.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inhabitant or native of Castile, in Spain.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The Spanish language as spoken in Castile.</def>

<h1>Castillan</h1>
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<hw>Cas*til"lan</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Castile, in Spain.</def>

<h1>Casting</h1>
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<hw>Cast"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who casts or throws, as in fishing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or process of making cast or impressions, or of shaping metal or plaster in a mold; the act or the process of pouring molten metal into a mold.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is cast in a mold; esp. the mass of metal so cast; <as>as, a <ex>casting</ex> in iron; bronze <ex>casting</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The warping of a board.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The act of casting off, or that which is cast off, as skin, feathers, excrement, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Casting of draperies</col>, <cd>the proper distribution of the folds of garments, in painting and sculpture.</cd> -- <col>Casting line</col> <fld>(Fishing)</fld>, <cd>the leader; also, sometimes applied to the long reel line.</cd> <col>Casting net</col>, <cd>a net which is cast and drawn, in distinction from a net that is set and left.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Casting voice</col>, <col>Casting vote</col></mcol>, <cd>the decisive vote of a presiding officer, when the votes of the assembly or house are equally divided. "When there was an equal vote, the governor had the <i>casting voice<i>." <i>B. Trumbull</i>.</cd> -- <col>Casting weight</col>, <cd>a weight that turns a balance when exactly poised.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cast iron</h1>
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<hw>Cast" i`ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Highly carbonized iron, the direct product of the blast furnace; -- used for making castings, and for conversion into wrought iron and steel. It can not be welded or forged, is brittle, and sometimes very hard. Besides carbon, it contains sulphur, phosphorus, silica, etc.</def>

<h1>Cast-iron</h1>
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<hw>Cast"-i`ron</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of cast iron. Hence, Fig.: like cast iron; hardy; unyielding.</def>

<h1>Castle</h1>
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<hw>Cas"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>castel</ets>, fr. L. <ets>castellum</ets>, dim. of <ets>castrum</ets> a fortified place, castle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fortified residence, especially that of a prince or nobleman; a fortress.</def>

<blockquote>The house of every one is to him <b>castle</b> and fortress, as well for his defense againts injury and violence, as for his repose.
<i>Coke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our <b>castle's</b> strength
Will laugh a siege to scorn.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Originally the medi\'91val <i>castle</i> was a single strong tower or keep, with a palisaded inclosure around it and inferior buidings, such as stables and the like, and surrounded by a moat; then such a keep or donjon, with courtyards or baileys and accessory buildings of greater elaboration a great hall and a chapel, all surrounded by defensive walls and a moat, with a drawbridge, etc. Afterwards the name was retained by large dwellings that had formerly been fortresses, or by those which replaced ancient fortresses.</note>

<-- Illustration of "Castle at Pierrefonds, France": -->

<caption><i>A</i> Donjon or Keep, an irregular building containing the dwelling of the lord and his family; <i>B C</i> Large round towers ferming part of the donjon and of the exterior; <i>D</i> Square tower, separating the two inner courts and forming part of the donjon; <i>E</i> Chapel, whose apse forms a half-round tower, <i>F</i>, on the exterior walls; <i>G H</i> Round towers on the exterior walls; <i>K</i> Postern gate, reached from outside by a removable fight of steps or inclined plane for hoisting in stores, and leading to a court, <i>L</i> (see small digagram) whose pavement is on a level with the sill of the postern, but below the level of the larger court, with which it communicates by a separately fortified gateway; <i>M</i> Turret, containing spiral stairway to all the stories of the great tower, <i>B</i>, and serving also as a station for signal fire, banner, etc.; <i>N</i> Turret with stairway for tower, <i>C</i>; <i>O</i> Echauguettes; <i>P P P</i> Battlemants consisting of merlons and crenels alternately, the merlons being pierced by loopholes; <i>Q Q</i> Machicolations (those at <i>Q</i> defend the postern <i>K</i>); <i>R</i> Outwork defending the approach, which is a road ascending the hill and passing under all four faces of the castle; <i>S S</i> Wall of the outer bailey. The road of approach enters the bailey at <i>T</i> and passes thence into the castle by the main entrance gateway (which is in the wall between, and defended by the towers, <i>C H</i>) and over two drawbridges and through fortified passages to the inner court.</caption>

<-- end of illustration caption. -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any strong, imposing, and stately mansion.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small tower, as on a ship, or an elephant's back.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A piece, made to represent a castle, used in the game of chess; a rook.</def>

<cs><col>Castle in the air</col>, <cd>a visionary project; a baseless scheme; an air castle; -- sometimes called a <i>castle in Spain<i> (F. <i>Ch\'83teau en Espagne<i>).</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Fortress; fortification; citadel; stronghold. See <er>Fortress</er>.</syn>

<h1>Castle</h1>
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<hw>Cas"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Castled</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Castling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chess)</fld> <def>To move the castle to the square next to king, and then the king around the castle to the square next beyond it, for the purpose of covering the king.</def>

<h1>Castlebuilder</h1>
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<hw>Cas"tle*build`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fig.: one who builds castles in the air or forms visionary schemes.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Cas"tle*build`ing</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Castled</h1>
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<hw>Cas"tled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a castle or castles; supporting a castle; <as>as, a <ex>castled</ex> height or crag</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fortified; turreted; <as>as, <ex>castled</ex> walls</as>.</def>

<h1>Castle-guard</h1>
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<hw>Cas"tle-guard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The guard or defense of a castle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A tax or imposition an a dwelling within a certain distance of a castle, for the purpose of maintaining watch and ward in it; castle-ward.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A feudal tenure, obliging the tenant to perform service within the realm, without limitation of time.</def>

<h1>Castlery</h1>
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<hw>Cas"tle*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>castelerie</ets>. See <er>Castle</er>.]</ety> <def>The government of a castle.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Castlet</h1>
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<hw>Cas"tlet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small castle.</def>

<i>Leland.</i>

<h1>Castleward</h1>
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<hw>Cas"tle*ward`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Castleguard</er>.</def>

<h1>Castling</h1>
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<hw>Cast"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is cast or brought forth prematurely; an abortion.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Castling</h1>
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<hw>Cas"tling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chess)</fld> <def>A compound move of the king and castle. See <er>Castle</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>/def>

<h1>Cast-off</h1>
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<hw>Cast"-off`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cast or laid aside; <as>as, <ex>cast-off</ex> clothes</as>.</def>

<h1>Castor</h1>
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<hw>Cas"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>castor</ets> the beaver, Gr. <?/; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of rodents, including the beaver. See <er>Beaver</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Castoreum. See <er>Castoreum</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A hat, esp. one made of beaver fur; a beaver.</def>

<blockquote>I have always been known for the jaunty manner in which I wear my <b>castor</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A heavy quality of broadcloth for overcoats.</def>

<h1>Castor</h1>
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<hw>Cast"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Caster</er>, a small wheel.</def>

<h1>Castor</h1>
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<hw>Cas"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>the northernmost of the two bright stars in the constellation Gemini, the other being Pollux.</def>

<h1>Castor, Castorite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cas"tor</hw>, <hw>Cas"tor*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The minerals <ets>castor</ets> and <ets>pollux</ets> were so named because found <ets>together</ets> on the island of Elba. See <er>Castor and Pollux</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of the mineral called petalite, from Elba.</def>

<h1>Castor and Pollux</h1>
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<hw>Cas"tor and Pol"lux</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[<ets>Castor</ets> and <ets>Pollux</ets> were twin sons of Jupiter and Leda.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Saint Elmo's fire</cref>, under <er>Saint</er>.</def>

<h1>Castor bean</h1>
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<hw>Cas"tor bean"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The bean or seed of the castor-oil plant (<spn>Ricinus communis</spn>, or <spn>Palma Christi</spn>.)</def>

<h1>Castoreum</h1>
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<hw>Cas*to"re*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Castor</er>.]</ety> <def>A peculiar bitter orange-brown substance, with strong, penetrating odor, found in two sacs between the anus and external genitals of the beaver; castor; -- used in medicine as an antispasmodic, and by perfumers.</def>

<hr>
<page="225">
Page 225<p>

<h1>Castorin</h1>
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<hw>Cas"to*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From 1st <er>Castor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline substance obtained from castoreum.</def>

<h1>Castor oil</h1>
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<hw>Cas"tor oil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A mild cathartic oil, expressed or extracted from the seeds of the <spn>Ricinus communis</spn>, or <spn>Palma Christi</spn>. When fresh the oil is inodorus and insipid.</def>

<cs><col>Castor-oil plant</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Palma Christi</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Castrametation</h1>
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<hw>Cas`tra*me*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>castram\'82tation</ets>, <ets>fr</ets>. <ets>L</ets>. <ets>castra</ets> camp + <ets>metari</ets> to measure off, fr. <ets>meta</ets> limit.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The art or act of encamping; the making or laying out of a camp.</def>

<h1>Castrate</h1>
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<hw>Cas"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Castrated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Castrating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>castrarus</ets>, p; p. of <ets>castrare</ets> to castrate, asin to Skr. <ets>\'87astra</ets> knife.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deprive of the testicles; to emasculate; to geld; to alter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cut or take out; esp. to remove anything erroneous, or objectionable from, as the obscene parts of a writing; to expurgate.</def>

<blockquote>My . . . correspondent . . . has sent me the following letter, which I have <b>castrated</b> in some places.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Castration</h1>
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<hw>Cas*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>castratio</ets>; cf. F. <ets>castration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of castrating.</def>

<h1>Castrato</h1>
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<hw>Cas*tra"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., properly p. p. of <ets>castrare</ets>. See <er>Castrate</er>.]</ety> <def>A male person castrated for the purpose of improving his voice for singing; an artificial, or male, soprano.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Castrel</h1>
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<hw>Cas"trel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cr\'82cerelle</ets>, <ets>cristel</ets>, OF. <ets>crecel</ets>, <ets>cercele</ets>. Cf. <er>Kestrel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Kestrel</er>.</def>

<h1>Castrensial</h1>
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<hw>Cas*tren"sial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>castrensis</ets>, fr. <ets>castra</ets> camp.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a camp.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Castrensian</h1>
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<hw>Cas*tren"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Castrensial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cast steel</h1>
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<hw>Cast" steel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <cref>Cast steel</cref>, under <er>Steel</er>.</def>

<h1>Casual</h1>
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<hw>Cas"u*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>casuel</ets>, F. <ets>casuel</ets>, fr. L. <ets>casualis</ets>, fr. <ets>casus</ets> fall, accident, fr. <ets>cadere</ets> to fall. See <er>Case</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Happening or coming to pass without design, and without being foreseen or expected; accidental; fortuitous; coming by chance.</def>

<blockquote><b>Casual</b> breaks, in the general system.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Coming without regularity; occasional; incidental; <as>as, <ex>casual</ex> expenses</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A constant habit, rather than a <b>casual</b> gesture.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Accidental; fortutious; incidental; occasional; contingent; unforeseen. See <er>Accidental</er>.</syn>

<h1>Casual</h1>
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<hw>Cas"u*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who receives relief for a night in a parish to which he does not belong; a vagrant.</def>

<h1>Casualism</h1>
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<hw>Cas"u*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine that all things exist or are controlled by chance.</def>

<h1>Casualist</h1>
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<hw>Cas"u*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes in casualism.</def>

<h1>Casually</h1>
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<hw>Cas"u*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without design; accidentally; fortuitously; by chance; occasionally.</def>

<h1>Casualness</h1>
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<hw>Cas"u*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being casual.</def>

<h1>Casualty</h1>
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<hw>Cas"u*al*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Casualties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>casualit\'82</ets>, LL. <ets>casualitas</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which comes without design or without being foreseen; contingency.</def>

<blockquote>Losses that befall them by mere <b>casualty</b>.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any injury of the body from accident; hence, death, or other misfortune, occasioned by an accident; <as>as, an unhappy <ex>casualty</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mil. & Naval)</fld> <def>Numerical loss caused by death, wounds, discharge, or desertion.</def>

<cs><col>Casualty ward</col>, <cd>A ward in a hospital devoted to the treatment of injuries received by accident.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Accident; contingency; fortuity; misfortune.</syn>

<h1>Casuarina</h1>
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<hw>Cas`u*a*ri"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., supposed to be named from the resemblance of the twigs to the feathers of the cassowary, of the genus <ets>Casuarius</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of leafles trees or shrubs, with drooping branchlets of a rushlike appearance, mostly natives of Australia. Some of them are large, producing hard and heavy timber of excellent quality, called <i>beefwood</i> from its color.</def>

<h1>Casuist</h1>
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<hw>Cas"u*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>casus</ets> fall, case; cf. F. <ets>casuiste</ets>. See <er>Casual</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is skilled in, or given to, casuistry.</def>

<blockquote>The judment of any <b>casuist</b> or learned divine concerning the state of a man's soul, is not sufficient to give him confidence.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Casuist</h1>
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<hw>Cas"u*ist</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To play the casuist.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Casuistic, Casuistieal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cas`u*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cas`u*is"tie*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to casuists or casuistry.</def>

<h1>Casuistry</h1>
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<hw>Cas"u*ist*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science or doctrine of dealing with cases of conscience, of resolving questions of right or wrong in conduct, or determining the lawfulness or unlawfulness of what a man may do by rules and principles drawn from the Scriptures, from the laws of society or the church, or from equity and natural reason; the application of general moral rules to particular cases.</def>

<blockquote>The consideration of these nice and puzzling question in the science of ethics has given rise, in modern times, to a particular department of it, distinguished by the title of <b>casuistry</b>.
<i>Stewart.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Casuistry</b> in the science of cases (i.e., oblique deflections from the general rule).
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sophistical, equivocal, or false reasoning or teaching in regard to duties, obligations, and morals.</def>

<h1>Casus</h1>
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<hw>Ca"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>An event; an occurrence; an occasion; a combination of circumstances; a case; an act of God. See the Note under <er>Accident</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Casus belli</col>, <cd>an event or combination of events which is a cause war, or may be alleged as a justification of war.</cd> -- <col>Casus fortuitus</col>, <cd>an accident against which due prudence could not have provided. See <cref>Act of God</cref>, under <er>Act</er>.</cd> -- <col>Casus omissus</col>, <cd>a case not provided for by the statute.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cat</h1>
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<hw>Cat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cat</ets>; akin to D. & Dan. <ets>kat</ets>, Sw. <ets>kett</ets>, Icel. <ets>k\'94ttr</ets>, G. <ets>katze</ets>, <ets>kater</ets>, Ir. <ets>Cat</ets>, W. <ets>cath</ets>, Armor. <ets>kaz</ets>, LL. <ets>catus</ets>, Bisc. catua, NGr <?/, <?/, Russ. & Pol. <ets>cot</ets>, Turk. <ets>kedi</ets>, Ar. <ets>qitt</ets>; of unknown origin. CF. <er>Ketten</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal of various species of the genera <spn>Felis</spn> and <spn>Lynx</spn>. The domestic cat is <spn>Felis domestica</spn>. The European wild cat (<spn>Felis catus</spn>) is much larger than the domestic cat. In the United States the name <i>wild cat</i> is commonly applied to the bay lynx (<spn>Lynx rufus</spn>) See <er>Wild cat</er>, and <er>Tiger cat</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The domestic cat includes many varieties named from their place of origin or from some peculiarity; as, the <i>Angora cat</i>; the <i>Maltese cat</i>; the <i>Manx cat</i>.</note>

<note>The word <i>cat</i> is also used to designate other animals, from some fancied resemblance; as, civet <i>cat</i>, fisher <i>cat</i>, <i>cat</i>bird, <i>cat</i>fish shark, sea <i>cat</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A strong vessel with a narrow stern, projecting quarters, and deep waist. It is employed in the coal and timber trade.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A strong tackle used to draw an anchor up to the cathead of a ship.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A double tripod (for holding a plate, etc.), having six feet, of which three rest on the ground, in whatever position in is placed.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An old game; <sd>(a)</sd> The game of tipcat and the implement with which it is played. See <er>Tipcat</er>. <sd>(c)</sd> A game of ball, called, according to the number of batters, <i>one old cat</i>, <i>two old cat</i>, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A cat o' nine tails. See below.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Angora cat</col>, <col>blind cat</col></mcol>, <cd>See under <er>Angora</er>, <er>Blind</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black cat</col> <cd>the fisher. See under <er>Black</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cat and dog</col>, <cd>like a cat and dog; quarrelsome; inharmonius.</cd>  "I am sure we have lived a <i>cat and dog<i> life of it." <i>Coleridge</i>. -- <col>Cat block</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a heavy iron-strapped block with a large hook, part of the tackle used in drawing an anchor up to the cathead.</cd> -- <col>Cat hook</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a strong hook attached to a cat block.</cd> -- <col>Cat nap</col>, <cd>a very short sleep.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Cat o' nine tails</col>, <cd>an instrument of punishment consisting of nine pieces of knotted line or cord fastened to a handle; -- formerly used to flog offenders on the bare back.</cd> -- <col>Cat's cradle</col>, <cd>game played, esp. by children, with a string looped on the fingers so, as to resemble small cradle. The string is transferred from the fingers of one to those of another, at each transfer with a change of form. See <er>Cratch</er>, <er>Cratch cradle</er>.</cd> -- <col>To let the cat out of the bag</col>, <cd>to tell a secret, carelessly or willfully.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Bush cat</col>, <cd>the serval. See <er>Serval</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cat</h1>
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<hw>Cat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>tted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Catting</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To bring to the cathead; <as>as, to <ex>cat</ex> an anchor</as>. See <er>Anchor</er>.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Cata</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <grk>kata`</grk>.]</ety> <def>The Latin and English form of a Greek preposition, used as a prefix to signify <i>down</i>, <i>downward</i>, <i>under</i>, <i>against</i>, <i>contrary</i> or <i>opposed to</i>, <i>wholly</i>, <i>completely</i>; as in <i>cata</i>clysm, <i>cata</i>rrh. It sometimes drops the final vowel, as in <i>cato</i>ptric; and is sometimes changed to <i>cath</i>, as in <i>cath</i>artic, <i>cath</i>olic.</def>

<h1>Catabaptist</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*bap"tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>cata + aptist</ets>. See <er>Baptist</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One who opposes baptism, especially of infants.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Featley.</i>

<h1>Catabasion</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*ba"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A vault under altar of a Greek church.</def>

<h1>Catabiotic</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*bi*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Aee under <er>Force</er>.</def>

<h1>Catacaustic</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*caus"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>cata + caustic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Relating to, or having the properties of, a caustic curve formed by reflection. See <er>Caustic</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<h1>Catacaustic</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*caus"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A caustic curve formed by reflection of light.</def>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<h1>Catachresis</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*chre"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. fr. Gr. <?/ misuse, fr. <?/ to misuse; <?/ against + <?/ to use.]</ety> <fld>(Rhel.)</fld> <def>A figure by which one word is wrongly put for another, or by which a word is wrested from its true signification; <as>as, "To take arms against a sea of troubles</as>.</def>  " <i>Shak</i>. "Her voice was but the shadow of a sound." <i>Young</i>.

<h1>Catachrestic, Catachrestical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cat`a*chres"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cat"a*chres"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to, or in the manner of, a catachresis; wrested from its natural sense or form; forced; far-fatched.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Cat`a*chres"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>[A] <b>catachrestical</b> and improper way of speaking.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cataclysm</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a*clysm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cataclysmos</ets>, Gr. <?/, from <?/ to dash over, inundate; <?/ downward, against + <?/ to wash or dash or over: cf. F. <ets>cataclysme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An extensive overflow or sweeping flood of water; a deluge.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Any violent catastrophe, involving sudden and extensive changes of the earth's surface.</def>

<h1>Cataclysmal, Cataclysmic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cat`a*clys"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cat"a*clys"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a cataclysm.</def>

<h1>Cataclysmist</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*clys"mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes that the most important geological phenomena have been produced by cataclysms.</def>

<h1>Catacomb</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a*comb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>catacomba</ets>, fr. L. <ets>catacumba</ets> perh. from Gr. <?/ downward, down + <?/ cavity.]</ety> <def>A cave, grotto, or subterraneous place of large extent used for the burial of the dead; -- commonly in the plural.</def>

<note>&hand; The terms is supposed to have been applied originally to the tombs under the church of St. Sebastain in Rome. The most celebrated catacombs are those near Rome, on the Appian Way, supposed to have been the place or refuge and interment of the early Chrictians; those of Egypt, extending for a wide distance in the vicinity of Cairo; and those of Paris, in abandoned stone quarries, excavated under a large portion of the city.</note>

<h1>Catacoustic</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*cous"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>cata</ets> _ <ets>acoustics</ets>: cf. F. <ets>caraconstique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That part of acoustics which treats of reflected sounds or echoes See <er>Acoustics</er>.</def>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<h1>Catadioptric, Catadioptrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cat`a*di*op"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cat`a*di*op"tric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>cata + dioptric</ets>: cf. F. <ets>catadioptrique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, produced by, or involving, both the reflection and refraction of light; <as>as, a <ex>catadioptric</ex> light</as>.</def>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<h1>Catadioptrics</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*di*op"trics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science which treats of catadioptric phenomena, or of the used of catadioptric instruments.</def>

<h1>Catadrome</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a*drome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ race course; <?/ down + <?/ course.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A race course.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A machine for raising or lowering heavy weights.</def>

<h1>Catadromous</h1>
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<hw>Ca*tad"ro*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ down + <?/ a running.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the lowest inferior segment of a pinna nearer the rachis than the lowest superior one; -- said of a mode of branching in ferns, and opposed to <i>anadromous</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Living in fresh water, and going to the sea to spawn; -- opposed to <i>anadromous</i>, and of the eel.</def>

<h1>Catafalco</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*fal"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>See <er>Catafalque</er>.</def>

<h1>Catafalque</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a*falque`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>catafalco</ets>, scaffold, funeral canopy; of uncertain origin; cf. Sp. <ets>catafalso</ets>, <ets>cadahalso</ets>, <ets>cadalso</ets>, Pr. <ets>casafalc</ets>, OF. <ets>chafaut</ets>. Cf. <er>Scaffold</er>.]</ety> <def>A temporary structure sometimes used in the funeral solemnities of eminent persons, for the public exhibition of the remains, or their conveyance to the place of burial.</def>

<h1>Catagmatic</h1>
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<hw>Cat`*ag*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fracture, fr. <?/ to break in places; <?/ down + <?/ to break' cf. F. <ets>catagmatique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having the quality of consolidating broken bones.</def>

<h1>Cataian</h1>
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<hw>Ca*ta"ian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Cathay or China; a foreigner; -- formerly a term of reproach.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Catalan</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a*lan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Catalonia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inbabitant of Catalonia; also, the language of Catalonia.</def></def2>

<cs><mcol><col>Catalan furnace</col>, <col>Catalan forge</col></mcol> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of furnace for producing wrought iron directly from the ore. It was formerly much used, esp. in Catalonia, and is still used in some parts of the United States and elsewhere.</cd></cs>

<h1>Catalectic</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*lec"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>catalecticus</ets>, Gr.<?/ incomplete, fr. <?/ to leave off; <?/ down, wholly + <?/ to stop.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Wanting a syllable at the end, or terminating in an imperfect foot; <as>as, a <ex>catalectic</ex> verse</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Photog. & Chem.)</fld> <def>Incomplete; partial; not affecting the whole of a substance.</def>

<i>Abney.</i>

<h1>Catalepsy, Catalepsis</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cat"a*lep`sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cat`a*lep"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>catalepsis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a seizure, fr. <?/ to seize upon; <?/ down + <?/ to take, seize.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A sudden suspension of sensation and volition, the body and limbs preserving the position that may be given them, while the action of the heart and lungs continues.</def>

<h1>Cataleptic</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*lep"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, catalepsy; affected with catalepsy; <as>as, a <ex>cataleptic</ex> fit</as>.</def>

<h1>Catallacta</h1>
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<hw>Cat`al*lac"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Catallactics</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Protozoa, of which <spn>Magosph\'91ra</spn> is the type. They exist both in a myxopod state, with branched pseudopodia, and in the form of ciliated bodies united in free, spherical colonies.</def>

<h1>Catallactics</h1>
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<hw>Cat`al*lac"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to exchange; <?/ wholly + <?/ to change.]</ety> <def>The science of exchanges, a branch of political economy.</def>

<h1>Catalog</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a*log</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>Catalogue.</def>

<h1>Catalogize</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a*lo*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To insert in a catalogue; to register; to catalogue.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coles.</i>

<h1>Catalogue</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a*logue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>catalogus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a counting up, list, fr. <?/ to count up; <?/ down, completely + <?/ to say.]</ety> <def>A list or enumeration of names, or articles arranged methodically, often in alphabetical order; <as>as, a <ex>catalogue</ex> of the students of a college, or of books, or of the stars</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Card catalogue</col>, <cd>a catalogue, as of books, having each item entered on a separate card, and the cards arranged in cases by subjects, or authors, or alphabetically.</cd> -- <col>Catalogue raisonn\'82</col> <tt>(?)</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>a catalogue of books, etc., classed according to their subjects.</cd></cs>

<hw>Syn. -- List; roll; index; schedule; enumeration; inventory. See <er>List</er>.</syn>

<h1>Catalogue</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a*logue</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Catalogued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cataloguing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a list or catalogue; to insert in a catalogue.</def>

<h1>Cataloguer</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a*log`uer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A maker of catalogues; esp. one skilled in the making of catalogues.</def>

<h1>Catalpa</h1>
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<hw>Ca*tal"pa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the language of the Indians of Carolina, where Catesby discovered this tree in the year 1726.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of American and East Indian trees, of which the best know species are the <spn>Catalpa bignonioides</spn>, a large, ornamental North American tree, with spotted white flowers and long cylindrical pods, and the <spn>C. speciosa</spn>, of the Mississipi valley; -- called also <altname>Indian bean</altname>.</def>

<h1>Catalysis</h1>
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<hw>Ca*tal"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Catalyse</plw>.</plu> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[ML., fr. Gr. <?/ dissolution, fr. <?/ to destroy, dissolve; <?/ down, wholly + <?/ to loose.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Dissolution; degeneration; decay.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sad <b>catalysis</b> and declension of piety.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A process by which reaction occurs in the presence of certain agents which were formerly believed to exert an influence by mere contact. It is now believed that such reactions are attended with the formation of an intermediate compound or compounds, so that by alternate composition and decomposition the agent is apparenty left unchanged; <as>as, the <ex>catalysis</ex> of making ether from alcohol by means of sulphuric acid; or <ex>catalysis</ex> in the action of soluble ferments (as diastase, or ptyalin) on starch.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The catalytic force.</def>

<h1>Catalytic</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*ly"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or causing, catalysis.</def> "The <i>catalytic</i> power is ill understood."

<i>Ure.</i>

<cs><col>Catalytic force</col>, <cd>that form of chemical energy formerly supposed to determine catalysis.</cd></cs>

<h1>Catalytic</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*lyt"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An agent employed in catalysis, as platinum black, aluminium chloride, etc.</def>

<h1>Catamaran</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*ma*ran"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The native East Indian name.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of raft or float, consisting of two or more logs or pieces of wood lashed together, and moved by paddles or sail; -- used as a surf boat and for other purposes on the coasts of the East and West Indies and South America. Modified forms are much used in the lumber regions of North America, and at life-saving stations.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any vessel with twin hulls, whether propelled by sails or by steam; esp., one of a class of double-hulled pleasure boats remarkable for speed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of fire raft or torpedo bat.</def>

<blockquote>The incendiary rafts prepared by Sir Sidney Smith for destroying the French flotilla at Boulogne, 1804, were called <b>catamarans</b>.
<i>Knight.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A quarrelsome woman; a scold.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Catamenia</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*me"nia</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The monthly courses of women; menstrual discharges; menses.</def>

<h1>Catamenial</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*me"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ monthly; <?/ down, back, again + <?/ month.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the catamenia, or menstrual discharges.</def>

<h1>Catamite</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a*mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Catamitus</ets>, an old form of <ets>Ganymedes</ets> Ganymede, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A boy kept for unnatural purposes.</def>

<h1>Catamount</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a*mount</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cat</ets> + <ets>mount</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>gato mentes</ets> mountain cat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cougar. Applied also, in some parts of the United States, to the lynx.</def>

<h1>Catanadromous</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a*nad`ro*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ down + <?/ up + a <?/ running, course.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Ascending and descending fresh streams from and to the sea, as the salmon; anadromous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Catapasm</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a*pasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to besprinkle; <?/ down, wholly + <?/ to strew, or sprinkle.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A compound medicinal powder, used by the ancients to sprinkle on ulcers, to absorb perspiration, etc.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Catapeltic</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*pel"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a catapult.</def>

<h1>Catapetalous</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>cata + petalous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the petals held together by stamens, which grow to their bases, as in the mallow.</def>

<h1>Cataphonic</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*phon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to cataphonics; catacoustic.</def>

<h1>Cataphonics</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*phon"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>cata + phonic</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cataphonique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That branch of acoustics which treats of reflested sounds; catacoustics.</def>

<h1>Cataphract</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a*phract</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cataphractes</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ covered, fr. <?/ to cover; <?/ down, wholly + <?/ to inclose.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil. Antiq.)</fld> <def>Defensive armor used for the whole body and often for the horse, also, esp. the linked mail or scale armor of some eastern nations.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A horseman covered with a cataphract.</def>

<blockquote>Archers and slingers, <b>cataphracts</b>, and spears.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The armor or plate covering some fishes.</def>

<h1>Cataphracted</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a*phract`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Covered with a cataphract, or armor of plates, scales, etc.; or with that which corresponds to this, as horny or bony plates, hard, callous skin, etc.</def>

<h1>Cataphractic</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*phrac"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a cataphract.</def>

<h1>Cataphysical</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*phys"ic*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>cata + physical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unnatural; contrary to nature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some artists . . . have given to Sir Walter Scott a pile of forehead which is unpleassing and <b>cataphysical</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cataplasm</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a*plasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cataplasma</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to spread over; <?/ down, wholly + <?/ to form, mold.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A soft and moist substance applied externally to some part of the body; a poultice.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Catapuce</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a*puce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Spurge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Catapult</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a*pult</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>catapulta</ets>, Gr. <?/, prob. from <?/ down + <?/ to shake, hurl.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An engine somewhat resembling a massive crossbow, used by the ancient Greeks and Romans for throwing stones, arrows, spears, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A forked stick with elasti band for throwing small stones, etc.</def>

<h1>Cataract</h1>
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<hw>Cat"a*ract</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cataracta</ets>, <ets>catarracles</ets>, a waterfall, Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ to break down; in the passive, to fall or rush down (of tumors) to burst; <?/ down + <?/ to break.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A great fall of water over a precipice; a large waterfall.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An opacity of the crystalline lens, or of its capsule, which prevents the passage of the rays of light and impairs or destroys the sight.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A kind of hydraulic brake for regulating the action of pumping engines and other machines; -- sometimes called <i>dashpot</i>.</def>

<h1>Cataractous</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*rac"tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of a cataract in the eye; affected with cataract.</def>

<h1>Catarrh</h1>
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<hw>Ca*tarrh"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>catarrhus</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, a running down, rheum, fr. <?/; <?/ down + <?/ to flow. See <er>Stream</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inflammatory affection of any mucous membrane, in which there are congestion, swelling, and an altertion in the quantity and quality of mucus secreted; as <i>catarrh</i> of the stomach; <i>catarrh</i> of the bladder.</def>

<note>&hand; In America, the term <i>catarrh</i> is applied especially to a chronic inflammation of, and hypersecretion fron, the membranes of the nose or air passages; in England, to an acute influenza, resulting a cold, and attended with cough, thirst, lassitude, and watery eyes; also, to the cold itself.</note>

<h1>Catarrhal</h1>
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<hw>Ca*tarrh"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, produced by, or attending, catarrh; of the nature of catarrh.</def>

<h1>Catarrhine</h1>
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<hw>Cat"ar*rhine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ with hanging or curved nose; <?/ + <?/, <?/ nose.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the <i>Catarrhina</i>, a division of Quadrumana, including the Old World monkeys and apes which have the nostrils close together and turned downward. See <er>Monkey</er>.</def>

<h1>Catarrhous</h1>
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<hw>Ca*tarrh"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Catarrhal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Catastaltic</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to check; <?/ down, wholy + <?/ to set.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Checking evacutions through astringent or styptic qualities.</def>

<h1>Catastasis</h1>
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<hw>Ca*tas"ta*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to set; <?/ down + <?/ to place.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>That part of a speech, usually the exordium, in which the orator sets forth the subject matter to be discussed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The state, or condition of anything; constitution; habit of body.</def>

<h1>Catasterism</h1>
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<hw>Ca*tas"ter*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to place among the stars.]</ety> <def>A placing among the stars; a catalogue of stars.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>catasterisms</b> of Eratosthenes.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Catastrophe</h1>
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<hw>Ca*tas"tro*phe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>catastropha</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to turn up and down, to overturn; <?/ down + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An event producing a subversion of the order or system of things; a final event, usually of a calamitous or disastrous nature; hence, sudden calamity; great misfortune.</def>

<blockquote>The strange <b>catastrophe</b> of affairs now at London.
<i>Bp. Buret.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The most horrible and portentous <b>catastrophe</b> that nature ever yet saw.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The final event in a romance or a dramatic piece; a denouement, as a death in a tragedy, or a marriage in a comedy.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A violent and widely extended change in the surface of the earth, <as>as, an elevation or subsidence of some part of it, effected by internal causes</as>.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Catastrophic</h1>
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<hw>Cat`a*stroph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a pertaining to a catastrophe.</def>

<i>B. Powell.</i>

<h1>Catastrophism</h1>
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<hw>Ca*tas"tro*phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The doctrine that the geological changes in the earth's crust have been caused by the sudden action of violent physical causes; -- opposed to the doctrine of <i>uniformism</i>.</def>

<h1>Catastrophist</h1>
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<hw>Ca*tas"tro*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>One who holds the theory or catastrophism.</def>

<h1>Catawba</h1>
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<hw>Ca*taw"ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A well known light red variety of American grape.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A light-colored, sprightly American wine from the Catawba grape.</def>

<h1>Catawbas</h1>
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<hw>Ca*taw"bas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt><def>; <i>sing</i>. <er>Catawba</er>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> An appalachian tribe of Indians which originally inhabited the regions near the Catawba river and the head waters of the Santee.</def>

<h1>Catbird</h1>
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<hw>Cat"bird</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American bird (<spn>Galeoscoptes Carolinensis</spn>), allied to the mocking bird, and like it capable of imitating the notes of other birds, but less perfectly. Its note resembles at times the mewing of a cat.</def>

<h1>Catboat</h1>
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<hw>Cat"boat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small sailboat, with a single mast placed as far forward as possible, carring a sail extended by a graff and long boom. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Catcall</h1>
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<hw>Cat"call`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sound like the cry of a cat, such as is made in playhouses to express dissatisfaction with a play; also, a small shrill instrument for making such a noise.</def>

<blockquote>Upon the rising of the curtain. I was very much surprised with the great consort of <b>catcalls</b> which was exhibited.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Catch</h1>
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<hw>Catch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Caught</er> <tt>(?)</tt> &or; <er>Catched</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Catching</er>. <i>Catched</i> is rarely used.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cacchen</ets>, OF. <ets>cachier</ets>, dialectic form of <ets>chacier</ets> to hunt, F. <ets>chasser</ets>, fr. (assumend) LL. <ets>captiare</ets>, for L. <ets>capture</ets>, V. intens. of <ets>capere</ets> to take, catch. See <er>Capacious</er>, and cf. <er>Chase</er>, <er>Case</er> a box.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay hold on; to seize, especially with the hand; to grasp (anything) in motion, with the effect of holding; <as>as, to <ex>catch</ex> a ball</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To seize after pursuing; to arrest; <as>as, to <ex>catch</ex> a thief</as>.</def> "They pursued . . . and <i>caught</i> him."

<i>Judg. i. 6.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take captive, as in a snare or net, or on a hook; <as>as, to <ex>catch</ex> a bird or fish</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Hence: To insnare; to entangle. "To <i>catch</i> him in his words".</def>

<i>Mark xii. 13.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To seize with the senses or the mind; to apprehend; <as>as, to <ex>catch</ex> a melody.</def> "Fiery thoughts</as> . . . whereof I <i>catch</i> the issue."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To communicate to; to fasten upon; <as>as, the fire <ex>caught</ex> the adjoining building</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To engage and attach; to please; to charm.</def>

<blockquote>The soothing arts that <b>catch</b> the fair.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To get possession of; to attain.</def>

<blockquote>Torment myself to <b>catch</b> the English throne.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To take or receive; esp. to take by sympathy, contagion, infection, or exposure; <as>as, to <ex>catch</ex> the spirit of an occasion; to <ex>catch</ex> the measles or smallpox; to <ex>catch</ex> cold; the house <ex>caught</ex> fire.</as></def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To come upon unexpectedly or by surprise; to find; <as>as, to <ex>catch</ex> one in the act of stealing</as>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>To reach in time; to come up with; <as>as, to <ex>catch</ex> a train</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To catch fire</col>, <cd>to become inflamed or ignited.</cd> -- <col>to catch it</col> <cd>to get a scolding or beating; to suffer punishment.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To catch one's eye</col>, <cd>to interrupt captiously while speaking.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "You <i>catch me up<i> so very short." <i>Dickens</i>. -- <col>To catch up</col>, <cd>to snatch; to take up suddenly.</cd></cs>

<h1>Catch</h1>
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<hw>Catch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To attain possession.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Have is have, however men do <b>catch</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be held or impeded by entanglement or a light obstruction; <as>as, a kite <ex>catches</ex> in a tree; a door <ex>catches</ex> so as not to open.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take hold; <as>as, the bolt does not <ex>catch</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To spread by, or as by, infecting; to communicate.</def>

<blockquote>Does the sedition <b>catch</b> from man to man?
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To catch at</col>, <cd>to attempt to seize; to be egger to get or use. "[To] <i>catch at<i> all opportunities of subverting the state." <i>Addison</i>.</cd> -- <col>To catch up with</col>, <cd>to come up with; to overtake.</cd></cs>

<h1>Catch</h1>
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<hw>Catch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of seizing; a grasp.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That by which anything is caught or temporarily fastened; <as>as, the <ex>catch</ex> of a gate</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The posture of seizing; a state of preparation to lay hold of, or of watching he opportunity to seize; <as>as, to lie on the <ex>catch</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>The common and the canon law . . . lie at <b>catch</b>, and wait advantages one againt another.
<i>T. Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is caught or taken; profit; gain; especially, the whole quantity caught or taken at one time; <as>as, a good <ex>catch</ex> of fish</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Hector shall have a great <b>catch</b> if he knock out either of your brains.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Something desirable to be caught, esp. a husband or wife in matrimony.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Marryat.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Passing opportunities seized; snatches.</def>

<blockquote>It has been writ by <b>catches</b> with many intervals.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A slight remembrance; a trace.</def>

<blockquote>We retain a <b>catch</b> of those pretty stories.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A humorous canon or round, so contrived that the singers catch up each other's words.</def>

<h1>Catchable</h1>
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<hw>Catch"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being caught.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Catch-basin</h1>
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<hw>Catch"-ba`sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cistern or vault at the point where a street gutter discharges into a sewer, to oatch bulky matters which would not pass readly throught the sewer.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Catchdrain</h1>
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<hw>Catch"drain`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dich or drain along the side of a hill to catch the surface water; also, a ditch at the side of a canal to catch the surplus water.</def>

<h1>Catcher</h1>
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<hw>Catch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, catches.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>The player who stands behind the batsman to catch the ball.</def>

<h1>Catchfly</h1>
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<hw>Catch"fly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant with the joints of the stem, and sometimes other parts, covered with a viscid secretion to which small insects adhere. The species of <i>Silene</i> are examples of the catchfly.</def>

<h1>Catching</h1>
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<hw>Catch"ing</hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Infections; contagious.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Captavating; alluring.</def>

<h1>Catching</h1>
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<hw>Catch"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of seizing or taking hold of</def>

<cs><col>Catching bargain</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a bargain made with an heir expectant for the purchase of his expectancy at an inadequate price.</cd>

<i>Bouvier.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Catch-meadow</h1>
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<hw>Catch"-mead`ow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>meadow irrigated by water from a spring or rivulet on the side of hill.</def>

<h1>Catchment</h1>
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<hw>Catch"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A surface of ground on which water may be caught and collected into a reservoir.</def>

<h1>Catchpenny</h1>
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<hw>Catch"pen*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made or contrived for getting small sums of money from the ignorant or unwary; <as>as, a <ex>catchpenny</ex> book; a <ex>catchpenny</ex> show.</as></def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Some worthless catchpenny thing.</def></def2>

<h1>Catchpoll</h1>
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<hw>Catch"poll`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>chacepol</ets>, <ets>chacipol</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bailiff's assistant.</def>

<h1>Catchup, Catsup</h1>
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<hw><hw>Catch"up</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cat"sup</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Probably of East Indian origin, because it was originally a kind of East Indian pickles.]</ety> <def>A table sauce made from mushrooms, tomatoes, walnuts, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ketchup</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Catchwater</h1>
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<hw>Catch"wa`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A ditch or drain for catching water. See <er>Catchdrain</er>.</def>

<h1>Catchweed</h1>
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<hw>Catch"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cleavers</er>.</def>

<h1>Catchweight</h1>
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<hw>Catch"weight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Horseracing)</fld> <def>Without any additional weight; without being handicapped; <as>as, to ride <ex>catchweight</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Catchword</h1>
<Xpage=225>

<hw>Catch"word`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Among theatrical performers, the last word of the preceding speaker, which reminds one that he is to speak next; cue.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The first word of any page of a book after the first, inserted at the right hand bottom corner of the preceding page for the assistance of the reader. It is seldom used in modern printing.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A word or phrase caught up and repeated for effect; <as>as, the <ex>catchword</ex> of a political party, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Catchwork</h1>
<Xpage=225>

<hw>Catch"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A work or artificial watercourse for throwing water on lands that lie on the slopes of hills; a catchdrain.</def>

<h1>Cate</h1>
<Xpage=225>

<hw>Cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Food. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Cates</er>.</def>

<h1>Catechetic, Catechetical</h1>
<Xpage=225>

<hw><hw>Cat`e*chet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cat`e*chet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Catechise</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to or consisting in, asking questions and receiving answers, according to the ancient manner of teaching.</def>

<blockquote>Socrates introduced a <b>catechetical</b> method of arguing.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Catechetically</h1>
<Xpage=225>

<hw>Cat`e*chet"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a catechetical manner; by question and answer.</def>

<h1>Catechetics</h1>
<Xpage=225>

<hw>Cat`e*chet"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science or practice of instructing by questions and answers.</def>

<h1>Catechin</h1>
<Xpage=225>

<hw>Cat"e*chin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the tannic acids, extracted from catechu as a white, crystaline substance; -- called also <altname>catechuic acid</altname>, and <altname>catechuin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Catechisation</h1>
<Xpage=225>

<hw>Cat`e*chi*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>catechizatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of catechising.</def>

<h1>Catechise</h1>
<Xpage=225>

<hw>Cat"e*chise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Catechised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Catechising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>catechizare</ets>, Gr. <?/, equiv. to <?/ to resound, sound a thing into one's ears, impress it upon one by word of mouth; <?/ + <?/ to sound, <?/ a sound.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To instruct by asking questions, receiving answeres, and offering explanations and corrections, -- esp. in regard to points of religious faith.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To question or interrogate; to examine or try by questions; -- sometimes with a view to reproof, by eliciting from a person answers which condemn his own conduct.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<hr>
<page="227">
Page 227<p>

<h1>Catechiser</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"e*chi`ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who catechises.</def>

<h1>Catechism</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"e*chism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>catechismus</ets>, fr. Gr. See <er>Catechise</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A form of instruction by means of questions answers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A book containing a summary of principles, especially of religious doctrine, reduced to the form of questions and answers.</def>

<blockquote>The Jews, even till this day, have their <b>catechisms</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>The Larger Catechism</col>, <col>The Shorter Catechism</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>Westminster Assembly</cref>, under <er>Assembly</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Catechismal</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat`e*chis"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a catechism, having the form of questions and answers; catechical.</def>

<h1>Catechist</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"e*chist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>catechista</ets>, fr. Gr.]</ety> <def>One who instructs by question and answer, especially in religions matters.</def>

<h1>Catechistic, Catechistical</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw><hw>Cat`e*chis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cat`e*chis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a catechist or to a catechism.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Catechize</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"e*chize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Catechise</er>.</def>

<h1>Catechu</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"e*chu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cashoo</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A dry, brown, astringent extract, obtained by decoction and evaporation from the <i>Acacia catechu</i>, and several other plants growing in India. It contains a large portion of tannin or tannic acid, and is used in medicine and in the arts. It is also known by the names <i>terra japonica</i>, <i>cutch</i>, <i>gambier</i>, etc.</def>

<i>Ure. Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Catechuic</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat`e*chu"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to catechu or its derivatives. See <er>catechin</er>.</def>

<h1>Catechumen</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"e*chu`men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<tt>L. catechunenus, Gr. <?/ instructed, from <?/. See</tt> <er>Catechise</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One who is receiving rudimentary instruction in the doctrines of Christianity; a neophyte; in the primitive church, one officially recognized as a Christian, and admitted to instruction preliminary to admission to full membership in the church.</def>

<h1>Catechumenate</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat`e*chu"men*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of a catechumen or the time during which one is a catechumen.</def>

<h1>Catechumenical</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat`e*chu*men"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to catechumens; <as>as, <ex>catechumenical</ex> instructions</as>.</def>

<h1>Catechumenist</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat`e*chu"men*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A catechumen.</def>

<i>Bp. Morton.</i>

<h1>Categorematic</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat`e*gor`e*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ predicate. See <er>Category</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Logic.)</fld> <def>Capable of being employed by itself as a term; -- said of a word.</def>

<h1>Categorical</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat`e*gor"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a category.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not hypothetical or relative; admitting no conditions or exceptions; declarative; absolute; positive; express; <as>as, a <ex>categorical</ex> proposition, or answer</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The scriptures by a multitude of <b>categorical</b> and intelligible decisions . . . distinguish between the things seen and temporal and those that are unseen and eternal.

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Categorically</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat`e*gor"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Absolutely; directly; expressly; positively; <as>as, to affirm <ex>categorically</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Categoricalness</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat`e*gor"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being categorical, positive, or absolute.</def>

<i>A. Marvell.</i>

<h1>Categorist</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"e*go*rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who inserts in a category or list; one who classifies.</def>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Categorize</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"e*go*rize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To insert in a category or list; to class; to catalogue.</def>

<h1>Category</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"e*go*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.</plu> <plw>Categories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>categoria</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to accuse, affirm, predicate; <?/ down, against + <?/ to harrangue, assert, fr. <?/ assembly.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Logic.)</fld> <def>One of the highest classes to which the objects of knowledge or thought can be reduced, and by which they can be arranged in a system; an ultimate or undecomposable conception; a predicament.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>categories</b> or predicaments -- the former a Greek word, the latter its literal translation in the Latin language -- were intended by Aristotle and his followers as an enumeration of all things capable of being named; an enumeration by the <b>summa genera</b> i.e., the most extensive classes into which things could be distributed.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Class; also, state, condition, or predicament; <as>as, we are both in the same <ex>category</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>There is in modern literature a whole class of writers standing within the same <b>category</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Catel</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chattel</er>.]</ety> <def>Property; -- often used by Chaucer in contrast with <i>rent</i>, or <i>income</i>.</def>

<blockquote>"<b>For loss of catel</b> may recovered be,
But loss of tyme shendeth us," quod he.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Catelectrode</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat`e*lec"trode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>cata + elecrode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The negative electrode or pole of a voltaic battery.</def>

<i>Faraday.</i>

<h1>Catelectrotonic</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat`e*lec`tro*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Relating to, or characterized by, catelectrotonus.</def>

<h1>Catelectrotonus</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat`e*lec*trot"o*nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ down + <?/ (see <er>Electro-</er>) + <?/ tone.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The condition of increased irritability of a nerve in the region of the cathode or negative electrode, on the passage of a current of electricity through it.</def>

<h1>Catena</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Ca*te"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Catene</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., a chain.]</ety> <def>A chain or series of things connected with each other.</def>

<blockquote>I have . . . in no case sought to construct those <b>caten\'91</b> of games, which it seems now the fashion of commentators to link together.
<i>C. J. Ellicott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Catenary, Catenarian</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw><hw>Cat"e*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cat`e*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>catenarius</ets>, fr. <ets>catena</ets> a chain. See <er>Chain</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to a chain; like a chain; <as>as, a <er>catenary</er> curve</as>.</def>

<h1>Catenary</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"e*na*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <er>Catenaries</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The curve formed by a rope or chain of uniform density and perfect flexibility, hanging freely between two points of suspension, not in the same vertical line.</def>

<h1>Catenate</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"e*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Catenated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Catenating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>catenatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>catenare</ets>, fr. <ets>catena</ets> chain. See <er>Chain</er>.]</ety> <def>To connect, in a series of links or ties; to chain.</def>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Catenation</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat`e*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>catenatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Connection of links or union of parts, as in a chain; a regular or connected series. See <er>Concatenation</er>.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Catenulate</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Ca*ten"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>catenuia</ets>, dim. of <ets>catena</ets> chain.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of little links or chains.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Chainlike; -- said both or color marks and of indentations when arranged like the links of a chain, as on shells, etc.</def>

<h1>Cater</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Ca"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>catour</ets> purchaser, caterer, OF. <ets>acator</ets>, fr. <ets>acater</ets>, F. <ets>acheter</ets>, to buy, provide, fr. LL. <ets>accaptare</ets>; L. <ets>ad</ets> + captare to strive, to seize, intens, of <ets>capere</ets> to take, seize. Cf. <er>Acater</er>, <er>Capacious</er>.]</ety> <def>A provider; a purveyor; a caterer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Cater</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Ca"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Catered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Catering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Cater</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To provide food; to buy, procure, or prepare provisions.</def>

<blockquote>[He] providently <b>caters</b> for the sparrow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By extension: To supply what is needed or desired, at theatrical or musical entertainments; -- followed by <i>for</i> or <i>to</i>.</def>

<h1>Cater</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Ca"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quatre</ets> four.]</ety> <def>The four of cards or dice.</def>

<h1>Cater</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Ca"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cut diagonally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Cateran</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"e*ran</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>ceatharnach</ets>. Cf. <er>Kern</er> Irish foot soldier.]</ety> <def>A Highland robber: a kind of irregular soldier.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Cater-cornered</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Ca"ter-cor"nered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cater</er> to cut diagonally.]</ety> <def>Diagonal.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Cater-cousin</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Ca"ter-cous`in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A remote relation. See <er>Quater-cousin</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Caterer</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Ca"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who caters.</def>

<blockquote>The little fowls in the air have God for Their provider and <b>caterer</b>.
<i>Shelton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cateress</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Ca"ter*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who caters.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Caterpillar</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"er*pil`lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>catyrpel</ets>, corrupted fr. OF. <ets>chatepelouse</ets>, or <ets>cate pelue</ets>, fr. <ets>chate</ets>, F. <ets>chatte</ets>, she-cat, fem. of <ets>chat</ets>, L. <ets>catus</ets> + L. <ets>pilosus</ets> hairy, or F. <ets>pelu</ets> hairy, fr. L. <ets>pilus</ets> hair. See <er>Cat</er>, and <er>Pile</er> hair.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larval state of a butterfly or any lepidopterous insect; sometimes, but less commonly, the larval state of other insects, as the sawflies, which are also called false caterpillars. The true caterpillars have three pairs of true legs, and several pairs of abdominal fleshy legs (prolegs) armed with hooks. Some are hairy, others naked. They usually feed on leaves, fruit, and succulent vegetables, being often very destructive, Many of them are popularly called worms, as the cutworm, cankerworm, army worm, cotton worm, silkworm.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Scorpiurus</spn>, with pods resembling caterpillars.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Caterpillar catcher</col>, &or; <col>Caterpillar eater</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bird belonging to the family of Shrikes, which feeds on caterpillars. The name is also given to several other birds.</cd> -- <col>Caterpillar hunter</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of beetles of the genus <spn>Callosoma</spn> and other allied genera of the family <spn>Carabid\'91</spn> which feed habitually upon caterpillars.</cd></cs>

<h1>Caterwaul</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"er*waul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Caterwauled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Caterwauling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Cat</ets> + <ets>waul</ets>, <ets>wawl</ets>, to cry as a cat.]</ety> <def>To cry as cats in rutting time; to make a harsh, offensive noise.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Caterwaul</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"er*waul</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A caterwauling.</def>

<h1>Caterwauling</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"er*waul`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The cry of cats; a harsh, disagreeable noise or cry like the cry of cats.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Catery</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Ca"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cater</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>The place where provisions are deposited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cates</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cates</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Acates</er>, and see <er>Cater</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Provisions; food; viands; especially, luxurious food; delicacies; dainties.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote><b>Cates</b> for which Apicius could not pay.
<i>Shurchill.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Choicest <b>cates</b> and the fiagon's best spilth.
<i>R. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cat-eyed</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having eyes like a cat; hence, able to see in the dark.</def>

<h1>Catfall</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"fall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope used in hoisting the anchor to the cathead.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Catfish</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name given in the United States to various species of siluroid fishes; <as>as, the <ex>yellow cat</ex> (<ex>Amiurus natalis</ex>); the <ex>bind cat</ex> (<spn>Gronias nigrilabrus</spn>); the <ex>mud cat</ex> (<spn>Pilodictic oilwaris</spn>), the <ex>stone cat</ex> (<spn>Noturus flavus</spn>); the <ex>sea cat</ex> (<spn>Arius felis</spn>), etc.</as>  This name is also sometimes applied to the <altname>wolf fish</altname>. See <er>Bullhrad</er>.</def>

<h1>Catgut</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"gut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cat</ets> + <ets>gut</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cord of great toughness made from the intestines of animals, esp. of sheep, used for strings of musical instruments, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sort of linen or canvas, with wide interstices.</def>

<h1>Catharine wheel</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cath"a*rine wheel`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>catherine wheel</er>.</def>

<h1>Catharist</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cath"a*rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>catharista</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ clean, pure.]</ety> <def>One aiming at or pretending to a greater purity of like than others about him; -- applied to persons of various sects. See <er>Albigenses</er>.</def>

<h1>Cat-harpin</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"-harp`in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cat-harping</er>.</def>

<h1>Cat-harping</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Cat"-harp`ing</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of the short ropes or iron cramps used to brace in the shrouds toward the masts so a to give freer sweep to the yards.</def>

<h1>Catharsis</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw>Ca*thar"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Cathartic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A natural or artificial purgation of any passage, as of the mouth, bowels, etc.</def>

<h1>Cathartic, Catharical</h1>
<Xpage=227>

<hw><hw>Ca*thar"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ca*thar"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to cleanse, fr. <?/ pure; akin to F. <ets>chaste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Cleansing the bowels; promoting evacuations by stool; purgative.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the purgative principle of senna, as <i>cathartic</i> acid.</def>

<h1>Cathartic</h1>
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<hw>Ca*thar"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine that promotes alvine discharges; a purge; a purgative of moderate activity.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>cathartics</i> are more energetic and certain in action that the <i>laxatives</i>, which simply increase the tendency to alvine evacuation; and less powerful and irritaint that the <i>drastic</i> purges, which cause profuse, repeated, and watery evacuations.</note>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ca*thar"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ca*thar"tic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>cathartin</h1>
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<hw>ca*thar"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The bitter, purgative principle of senna. It is a glucoside with the properties of a weak acid; -- called also <altname>cathartic acid</altname>, and <altname>cathartina</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cathay</h1>
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<hw>Ca*thay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>China; -- an old name for the Celestial Empire, said have been introduced by Marco Polo and to be a corruption of the Tartar name for North China (<i>Khitai</i>, the country of the Khitans.)</def>

<blockquote>Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of <b>Cathay</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cathead</h1>
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<hw>Cat"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A projecting piece of timber or iron near the bow of vessel, to which the anchor is hoisted and secured.</def>

<h1>Cathedra</h1>
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<hw>Cath"e*dra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ seat. See <er>Chair</er>.]</ety> <def>The official chair or throne of a bishop, or of any person in high authority.</def>

<cs><col>Ex cathedra</col> <ety>[L., from the chair]</ety>, <cd>in the exercise of one's office; with authority.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>The Vatican Council declares that the Pope, is infallible "when he speaks <b>ex cathedra</b>."
<i>Addis & Arnold's Cath. Dict.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cathedral</h1>
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<hw>Ca*the"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>cathedralis</ets> (sc. <ets>ecclesia</ets>): cf. F. <ets>cath\'82drale</ets>. See <er>Cathedra</er>.]</ety> <def>The principal church in a diocese, so called because in it the bishop has his official chair (<i>Cathedra</i>) or throne.</def>

<h1>Cathedral</h1>
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<hw>Ca*the"dral</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>cathedralis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cath\'82dral</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the head church of a diocese; <as>as, a <ex>cathedral</ex> church; <ex>cathedral</ex> service.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Emanating from the chair of office, as of a pope or bishop; official; authoritative.</def>

<blockquote>Now, what solemnity can be more required for the pope to make a <b>cathedral</b> determination of an article!
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Resembling the aisles of a cathedral; <as>as, <ex>cathedral</ex> walks</as>.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Cathedralic</h1>
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<hw>Cath`e*dral"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cathedral.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cathedrated</h1>
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<hw>Cath`e*dra"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cathedra</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to the chair or office of a teacher.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Catheretic</h1>
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<hw>Cath`e*ret"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to bring down or raze; <?/ down + <?/ to take.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A mild kind caustic used to reduce warts and other excrescences.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Catherine wheel</h1>
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<hw>Cath"er*ine wheel`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[So called from <ets>St. Catherine</ets> of Alexandria, who is represented with a <ets>wheel</ets>, in allusion to her martyrdom.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geoth.Arth.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rose window</er> and <er>Wheel window</er>. Called also <altname>Catherine-wheel window</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Pyrotechny)</fld> <def>A revolving piece of fireworks resembling in form the window of the same name.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Catharine wheel</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Catheter</h1>
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<hw>Cath"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a thing let down or put in, catheter, fr. <?/ to send down, to let down; <?/ + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The name of various instruments for passing along mucous canals, esp. applied to a tubular instrument to be introduced into the bladder through the urethra to draw off the urine.</def>

<cs><col>Eustachian catheter</col>. <cd>See under <er>Eustachian</er>.</cd> -- <col>Prostatic catheter</col>, <cd>one adapted for passing an enlarged prostate.</cd></cs>

<h1>Catheterism, Catheterization</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cath"e*ter*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cath`e*ter*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The operation of introducing a catheter.</def>

<h1>Catheterize</h1>
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<hw>Cath"e*ter*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Catheterized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Catheterizing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To operate on with a catheter.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Cathetometer</h1>
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<hw>Cath`e*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ vertical height + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for the accurate measurement of small differences of height; esp. of the differences in the height of the upper surfaces of two columns of mercury or other fluid, or of the same column at different times. It consists of a telescopic leveling apparatus <it>(d)</it>, which slides up or down a perpendicular metallic standard very finely graduated (<it>bb</it>). The telescope is raised or depressed in order to sight the objects or surfaces, and the differences in vertical height are thus shown on the graduated standard.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kathetometer</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cathetus</h1>
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<hw>Cath"e*tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>catheti</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a perpendicular line, fr. <?/ let down, fr. <?/. See <er>Catheter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>One line or radius falling perpendicularly on another; <as>as, the <ex>catheti</ex> of a right-angled triangle, that is, the two sides that include the right angle</as>.</def>

<i>Barlow.</i>

<h1>Cathode</h1>
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<hw>Cath"ode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ descent; <?/ down + <?/ way.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The part of a voltaic battery by which the electric current leaves substances through which it passes, or the surface at which the electric current passes out of the electrolyte; the negative pole; -- opposed to <i>anode</i>.</def>

<i>Faraday.</i>

<cs><col>Cathode ray</col> <fld>(Phys.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of ray generated at the cathode in a vacuum tube, by the electrical discharge<--  X-ray -->.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cathodic</h1>
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<hw>Ca*thod"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A term applied to the centrifugal, or efferent course of the nervous infuence.</def>

<i>Marshall Hall.</i>

<h1>Cat-hole</h1>
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<hw>Cat"-hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of two small holes astern, above the gunroom ports, through which hawsers may be passed.</def>

<hr>
<page="228">
Page 228<p>

<h1>Catholic</h1>
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<hw>Cath"o*lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>catholicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, universel, general; <?/ down, wholly + <?/ whole, probably akin to E. <ets>solid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>catholique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Universal or general; <as>as, the <ex>catholic</ex> faith</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Men of other countries [came] to bear their part in so great and <b>catholic</b> a war.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This epithet, which is applicable to the whole Christian church, or its faith, is claimed by Roman Catholics to belong especially to their church, and in popular usage is so limited.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not narrow-minded, partial, or bigoted; liberal; <as>as, <ex>catholic</ex> tastes</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to, or affecting the Roman Catholics; <as>as, the <ex>Catholic</ex> emancipation act</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Catholic epistles</col>, <cd>the espistles of the apostles which are addressed to all the faithful, and not to a particular church; being those of James, Peter, Jude, and John.</cd></cs>

<h1>Catholic</h1>
<Xpage=228>

<hw>Cath"o*lic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person who accepts the creeds which are received in common by all parts of the orthodox Christian church.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An adherent of the Roman Catholic church; a Roman Catholic.</def>

<cs><col>Old Catholic</col>, <cd>the name assumed in 1870 by members of the Roman Catholic church, who denied the ecumenical character of the Vatican Council, and Rejected its decrees, esp. that concerning the infallibility of the pope, as contrary to the ancient Catholic faith.</cd></cs>

<h1>Catholical</h1>
<Xpage=228>

<hw>Ca*thol"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Catholic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Catholicism</h1>
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<hw>Ca*thol"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>catholicisme</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being catholic or universal; catholicity.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Liberality of sentiment; breadth of view.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The faith of the whole orthodox Christian church, or adherence thereto.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The doctrines or faith of the Roman Catholic church, or adherence thereto.</def>

<h1>Catholicity</h1>
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<hw>Cath`o*lic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being catholic; universality.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Liberality of sentiments; catholicism.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Adherence or conformity to the system of doctrine held by all parts of the orthodox Christian church; the doctrine so held; orthodoxy.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Adherence to the doctrines of the church of Rome, or the doctrines themselves.</def>

<h1>Catholicize</h1>
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<hw>Ca*thol"i*cize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.  t. & i.</tt> <def>To make or to become catholic or Roman Catholic.</def>

<h1>Catholicly</h1>
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<hw>Cath"o*lic*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a catholic manner; generally; universally.</def>

<i>Sir L. Cary.</i>

<h1>Catholicness</h1>
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<hw>Cath"o*lic*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being catholic; universality; catholicity.</def>

<h1>Catholicon</h1>
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<hw>Ca*thol"i*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, neut. <?/, universal. See <er>Catholic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy for all diseases; a panacea.</def>

<h1>Catholicos</h1>
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<hw>Ca*thol"i*cos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Catholic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The spiritual head of the Armenian church, who resides at Etchmiadzin, Russia, and has ecclesiastical jurisdiction over, and consecrates the holy oil for, the Armenians of Russia, Turkey, and Persia, including the Patriarchs of Constantinople, Jerusalem, and Sis.</def>

<note>&hand; The Patriarch of Constantinople is the <i>civil</i> head of the Armenians in Turkey.</note>

<h1>Catilinarian</h1>
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<hw>Cat`i*li*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Catilinarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Catiline, the Roman conspirator; resembling Catiline's conspiracy.</def>

<h1>Cation</h1>
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<hw>Cat"i*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ downward + <?/ going, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>pr</ets>. of <?/ to go.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An electro-positive substance, which in electro-decomposition is evolved at the cathode; -- opposed to <i>anion</i>.</def>

<i>Faraday.</i>

<h1>Catkin</h1>
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<hw>Cat"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cat</ets> + <ets>-kin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An ament; a species of inflorescence, consisting of a slender axis with many unisexual apetalous flowers along its sides, as in the willow and poplar, and (as to the staminate flowers) in the chestnut, oak, hickory, etc. -- so called from its resemblance to a cat's tail. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Ament</er>.</def>

<h1>Catlike</h1>
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<hw>Cat"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a cat; stealthily; noiselessly.</def>

<h1>Catling</h1>
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<hw>Cat"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cat</ets> + <ets>-ing</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little cat; a kitten.</def> "Cat nor <i>catling</i>."

<i>Drummond.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Catgut; a catgut string.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A double-edged, sharp-pointed dismembering knife.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>catlin</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Crobb.</i>

<h1>Catlinite</h1>
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<hw>Cat"lin*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From George <ets>Catlin</ets>, an American traveler.]</ety> <def>A red clay from the Upper Missouri region, used by the Indians for their pipes.</def>

<h1>Catnip, Catmint</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cat"nip`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cat"mint`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A well-know plant of the genus <spn>Nepeta</spn> (<spn>N. Cataria</spn>), somewhat like mint, having a string scent, and sometimes used in medicine. It is so called because cats have a peculiar fondness for it.</def>

<h1>Cato-cathartic</h1>
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<hw>Cat`o-ca*thar"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ down + <?/ serving to purge. See <er>Cathartic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy that purges by alvine discharges.</def>

<h1>Catonian</h1>
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<hw>Ca*to"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Catonionus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the stern old Roman, Cato the Censor; severe; inflexible.</def>

<h1>Cat o' nine tails</h1>
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<hw>Cat" o' nine" tails`</hw>. <def>See under <er>Cat</er>.</def>

<h1>Catopter, Catoptron</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ca*top"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ca*top"tron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ mirror, fr. <?/ visible.]</ety> <def>A reflecting optical glass or instrument; a mirror.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Catoptric, Catoptrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ca*top"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ca*top"tric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Catopter</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to catoptrics; produced by reflection.</def>

<cs><col>Catoptric light</col>, <cd>a light in which the rays are concentrated by reflectors into a beam visible at a distance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Catoptrics</h1>
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<hw>Ca*top"trics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>catoptrique</ets>. See <er>Catropric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That part of optics which explants the properties and phenomena of reflected light, and particularly that which is reflected from mirrors or polished bodies; \'c3- formerly caled <i>anacamptics</i>.</def>

<h1>Catoptromancy</h1>
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<hw>Ca*top"tro*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ mirror + <ets>-mancy</ets>. See <er>Catopter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A species of divination, which was perforned by letting down a mirror into water, for a sick person to look at his face in it. If his countenance appeared distorted and ghastly, it was an ill omen; if fresh and healthy, it was favorable.</def>

<h1>Catopron</h1>
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<hw>Ca*top"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Catopter</er>.</def>

<h1>Catpipe</h1>
<Xpage=228>

<hw>Cat`pipe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Catcall</er>.</def>

<h1>Cat-rigged</h1>
<Xpage=228>

<hw>Cat"-rigged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rigged like a catboat.</def>

<h1>Cat-salt</h1>
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<hw>Cat"-salt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sort of salt, finely granulated, formed out of the bittern or leach brine.</def>

<h1>Cat's-eye</h1>
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<hw>Cat's"-eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of quartz or chalcedony, exhibiting opalescent reflections from within, like the eye of a cat. The mane is given to other gems affording like effects, esp. the chrysoberyl.</def>

<h1>Cat's-foot</h1>
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<hw>Cat's`-foot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Nepeta Glechoma</spn>) of the same genus with catnip; ground ivy.</def>

<h1>Cat-silver</h1>
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<hw>Cat"-sil`ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mica.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Catskill period</h1>
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<hw>Cats"kill pe`ri*od</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The closing subdivision of the Devonian age in America. The rocks of this period are well developed in the Catskill mountains, and extend south and west under the Carboniferous formation. See the Diagram under <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Catso</h1>
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<hw>Cat"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Catsos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[It. <ets>cazzo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A base fellow; a rogue; a cheat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Cat's-paw</h1>
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<hw>Cat's"-paw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A light transitory air which ruffles the surface of the water during a calm, or the ripples made by such a puff of air.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A particular hitch or turn in the bight of a rope, into which a tackle may be hooked.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dupe; a tool; one who, or that which, is used by another as an instrument to a accomplish his purposes.</def>

<note>&hand; In this sense the term refers to the fable of the monkey using the cat's paw to draw the roasting chestnuts out of the fire.</note>

<h1>Cat's-tail</h1>
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<hw>Cat's"-tail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Timothy</er>, <er>Cat-tail</er>, <er>Cirrus</er>.</def>

<h1>Catstick</h1>
<Xpage=228>

<hw>Cat"stick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stick or club employed in the game of ball called <i>cat</i> or <i>tipcat</i>.</def>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Catstitch</h1>
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<hw>Cat"stitch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Needlework)</fld> <def>To fold and sew down the edge of with a coarse zigzag stitch.</def>

<h1>Catsup</h1>
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<hw>Cat"sup</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Catchup</er>, and <er>Ketchup</er>.</def>

<h1>Cat-tail</h1>
<Xpage=228>

<hw>Cat"-tail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tall rush or flag (<spn>Typha latifolia</spn>) growing in marshes, with long, glat leaves, and having its flowers in a close cylindrical spike at the top of the stem. The leaves are frequently used for seating chairs, making mats, etc. See <er>Catkin</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>lesser cat-tail</i> is <i>Typha angustifolia</i>.</note>

<h1>Cattish</h1>
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<hw>Cat"tish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Catlike; feline</def>

<i>Drummond.</i>

<h1>Cattle</h1>
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<hw>Cat"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>calet</ets>, <ets>chatel</ets>, goods, property, OF. <ets>catel</ets>, <ets>chatel</ets>, LL. <ets>captale</ets>, <ets>capitale</ets>, goods, property, esp. cattle, fr. L. <ets>capitals</ets> relating to the head, chief; because in early ages beasts constituted the chief part of a man's property. See <er>Capital</er>, and cf. <er>Chattel</er>.]</ety> <def>Quadrupeds of the Bovine family; sometimes, also, including all domestic quadrupeds, as sheep, goats, horses, mules, asses, and swine.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Belted cattle</col>, <col>Black cattle</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Belted</er>, <er>Black</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cattle guard</col>, <cd>a trench under a railroad track and alongside a crossing (as of a public highway). It is intended to prevent cattle from getting upon the track.</cd> -- <col>cattle louse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of louse infecting cattle. There are several species. The <spn>H\'91matatopinus eurysternus</spn> and <spn>H. vituli</spn> are common species which suck blood; <spn>Trichodectes scalaris</spn> eats the hair.</cd> -- <col>Cattle plague</col>, <cd>the rinderpest; called also <altname>Russian cattle plague</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cattle range</col>, &or; <col>Cattle run</col></mcol>, <cd>an open space through which cattle may run or range.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> <i>Bartlett</i>. -- <col>Cattle show</col>, <cd>an exhibition of domestic animals with prizes for the encouragement of stock breeding; -- usually accompanied with the exhibition of other agricultural and domestic products and of implements.</cd></cs>

<h1>Catty</h1>
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<hw>Cat"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>kat\'c6</ets>. See <er>Caddy</er>.]</ety> <def>An East Indian Weight of 1\'a7 pounds.</def>

<h1>Caucasian</h1>
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<hw>Cau*ca"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the Caucasus, a mountainous region between the Black and Caspian seas.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the white races of mankind, of whom the people about Mount Caucasus were formerly taken as the type.</def>

<h1>Caucasian</h1>
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<hw>Cau*ca"sian</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of the Caucasus, esp. a Circassian or Georgian.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of any of the white races of mankind.</def>

<h1>Caucus</h1>
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<hw>Cau"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymology uncertain. Mr. J. H. Trumbull finds the origin of <ets>caucus</ets> in the N. A. Indian word <ets>cawcawwassough</ets> or <ets>ca\'a3 cau-as'u</ets> one who urges or pushes on, a promoter. See citation for an early use of the word <ets>caucus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A meeting, especially a preliminary meeting, of persons belonging to a party, to nominate candidates for public office, or to select delegates to a nominating convention, or to confer regarding measures of party policy; a political primary meeting.</def>

<blockquote>This day learned that the <b>caucus</b> club meets, at certain times, in the garret of Tom Dawes, the adjutant of the Boston regiment.
<i>John Adams's Diary [Feb. , 1763].</i></blockquote>

<h1>Caucus</h1>
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<hw>Cau"cus</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Caucused</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Caucusing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To hold, or meet in, a caucus or caucuses.</def>

<h1>Caudad</h1>
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<hw>Cau"dad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cauda</ets> tail + <ets>ad</ets> to.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Backwards; toward the tail or posterior part.</def>

<h1>Cauda galli</h1>
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<hw>Cau"da gal*li</hw>, <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[L., tail of a cock.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A plume-shaped fossil, supposed to be a seaweed, characteristic of the lower Devonian rocks; <as>as, the <ex>cauda galli</ex> grit</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Gauda galli epoch</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>an epoch at the begining of the Devonian age in eastern America, so named from the characteristic gritty sandstone marked with impressions of <ets>cauda galli<ets>. See the Diagram under <er>Geology</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Caudal</h1>
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<hw>Cau"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Cauda</ets> tail. Cf. <er>Coward</er>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of, or pertaining to, a tail; having a tail-like appendage.</def>

<blockquote>The male widow-bird, remarkable for his <b>caudal</b> plumes.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Caudal fin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the terminal fin (or "tail") of a fish.</cd></cs>

<h1>Caudata</h1>
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<hw>Cau*da"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>cauda</ets> tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Urodela</er>.</def>

<h1>Caudate, Caudated</h1>
<Xpage=228>

<hw><hw>Cau"date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cau"da*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cauda</ets> tail.]</ety> <def>Having a taill; having a termination like a tail.</def>

<h1>Caudex</h1>
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<hw>Cau"dex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Caudices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Caudexes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The sterm of a tree., esp. a sterm without a branch, as of a palm or a tree fern; also, the pernnial rootstock of an herbaceous plant.</def>

<h1>Caudicle, Caudicula</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cau"di*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cau*dic"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of L. <ets>cauda</ets> tail, appendage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A slender, elastic process, to which the masses of pollen in orchidaceous plants are attached.</def>

<h1>Caudle</h1>
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<hw>Cau"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>caudel</ets>, F. <ets>chaudeau</ets>, dim. of LL <ets>calidum</ets> a sweet drink, fr. L. <ets>caidus</ets> warm. See <er>Caldron</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of warm drink for sick persons, being a mixture of wine with eggs, bread, sugar, and spices.</def>

<h1>Caudle</h1>
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<hw>Cau"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Caudled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Caudling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make into caudle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Too serve as a caudle to; to refresh.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cauf</h1>
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<hw>Cauf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. akin to Celtic <ets>caff</ets>, <ets>cav</ets>, <ets>cau</ets>, L. <ets>cavus</ets> hollow, or to L. <ets>caphinus</ets>, Gr. <?/ basket.]</ety> <def>A chest with holes for keeping fish alive in water.</def>

<i>Philips.</i>

<h1>Caufle</h1>
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<hw>Cau"fle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gung of slaves. Same as <er>Coffle</er>.</def>

<h1>Caught</h1>
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<hw>Caught</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>f <er>Catch</er>.</def>

<h1>Cauk, n., Cauker</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cauk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Cauk"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cawk</er>, <er>Calker</er>.</def>

<h1>Caul</h1>
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<hw>Caul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>calle</ets>, <ets>kelle</ets>, prob. fr. F. <ets>cale</ets>; cf. Ir. <ets>calla</ets> a veil.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A covering of network for the head, worn by women; also, a net.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The fold of membrane loaded with fat, which covers more or less of the intestines in mammals; the great omentum See <er>Omentum</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>caul</b> serves for warming of the lower belly.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A part of the amnion, one of the membranes enveloping the fetus, which sometimes is round the head of a child at its birth.</def>

<blockquote>It is deemed lucky to be with a <b>caul</b> or membrane over the face. This <b>caul</b> is esteemed an infallible preservative against drowning . . . According to Chysostom, the midwives frequently sold it for magic uses.
<i>Grose.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I was born with a <b>caul</b>, which was advertised for sale, in the newspapers, at the low price of fifteen guineas.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Caulescent</h1>
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<hw>Cau*les"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caulis</ets> stalk, stem: cf. F. <ets>caulescent</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a leafy stem.</def>

<h1>Caulicle</h1>
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<hw>Cau"li*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A short caulis or stem, esp. the rudimentary stem seen in the embryo of seed; -- otherwise called a <i>radicle</i>.</def>

<h1>Cauliculus</h1>
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<hw>Cau*lic"u*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.</plu> <plw>Cauliculi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caulculus</ets> little stalk, dim. of <ets>caulis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>In the Corinthian capital, one of the eight stalks rising out of the lower leafage and terminating in leaves which seem to suport the volutes. See <er>Illust</er>. of <er>Corinthian order</er>, under <er>Corinthian</er>.</def>

<h1>Cauliflower</h1>
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<hw>Cau"li*flow`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>choufleur</ets>, modified by E. <ets>Cole</ets>. L. <ets>caulis</ets>, and by E. <ets>flower</ets>; F. <ets>chou</ets> cabbage is fr. L. <ets>caulis</ets> stalk, cabbage, and <ets>fleur</ets> flower is fr. L. <ets>flos</ets> flower. See <er>Cole</er>, and <er>Flower</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An annual variety of <spn>Brassica oleracea</spn>, or cabbage of which the cluster of young flower stalks and buds is eaten as a vegetable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The edible head or "curd" of a caulifower plant.</def>

<h1>Cauliform</h1>
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<hw>Cau"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caulis</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a caulis.</def>

<h1>Cauline</h1>
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<hw>Cau"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing immediately on a caulis; of or pertaining to a caulis.</def>

<h1>Caulis</h1>
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<hw>Cau"lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; L. <plu>pl. <plw>Caules</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., a stem.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herbaceous or woody stem which bears leaves, and may bear flowers.</def>

<h1>Caulk</h1>
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<hw>Caulk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Calk</er>.</def>

<h1>Caulocarpous</h1>
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<hw>Cau`lo*car"pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ stem + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having stems which bear flowers and fruit year after year, as most trees and shrubs.</def>

<h1>Cauma</h1>
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<hw>Cau"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a burning heat.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Great heat, as of the body in fever.</def>

<h1>Cauponize</h1>
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<hw>Cau"po*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cauponari</ets>, fr. <ets>caupo</ets> huckster, innkeeper.]</ety> <def>To sell wine or victuals.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Warburfon.</i>

<h1>Causable</h1>
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<hw>Caus"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being caused.</def>

<h1>Causal</h1>
<Xpage=228>

<hw>Caus"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>causalis</ets>. See <er>Cause</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to a cause or causes; inplying or containing a cause or causes; expressing a cause; causative.</def>

<blockquote><b>Causal</b> propositions are where two propositions are joined by <b>causal</b> words.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Causal</h1>
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<hw>Caus"al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A causal word or form of speech.</def>

<blockquote>Anglo-Saxon <b>drencan</b> to drench, <b>causal</b> of Anglo-Saxon <b>drincan</b> to drink.
<i>Skeat.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Causality</h1>
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<hw>Cau*sal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <er>Causalities</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The agency of a cause; the action or power of a cause, in producing its effect.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>causality</b> of the divine mind.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>The faculty of tracing effects to their causes.</def>

<i>G. Combe.</i>

<h1>Causally</h1>
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<hw>Caus"al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to the order or series of causes; by tracing effects to causes.</def>

<h1>Causally</h1>
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<hw>Caus"al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>The lighter, earthy parts of ore, carried off washing.</def>

<h1>Causation</h1>
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<hw>Cau*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of causing; also the act or agency by which an effect is produced.</def>

<blockquote>The kind of <b>causation</b> by which vision is produced.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Law of universal causation</col>, <cd>the theoretical or asserted law that every event or phenomenon results from, or is the sequel of, some previous event or phenomenon, which being present, the other is certain to take place.</cd></cs>

<h1>Causationist</h1>
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<hw>Cau*sa"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes in the law of universal causation.</def>

<h1>Causative</h1>
<Xpage=228>

<hw>Caus"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>causativus</ets> pertaining to a lawsuit (<ets>causa</ets>), but in the English sense from E. <ets>cause</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Effective, as a cause or agent; causing.</def>

<blockquote><b>Causative</b> in nature of a number of effects.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressing a cause or reason; causal; <as>as, the ablative is a <ex>causative</ex> case</as>.</def>

<-- p. 229  -->

<h1>Causative</h1>
<Xpage=229>

<hw>Caus"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A word which expresses or suggests a cause.</def>

<h1>Causatively</h1>
<Xpage=229>

<hw>Caus"a*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a causative manner.</def>

<h1>Causator</h1>
<Xpage=229>

<hw>Cau*sa"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cause</er>.]</ety> <def>One who causes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Cause</h1>
<Xpage=229>

<hw>Cause</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cause</ets>, fr. L. <ets>causa</ets>. Cf. <er>Cause</er>, <tt>v.</tt>, <er>Kickshaw</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which produces or effects a result; that from which anything proceeds, and without which it would not exist.</def>

<blockquote><b>Cause</b> is substance exerting its power into act, to make one thing begin to be.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is the occasion of an action or state; ground; reason; motive; <as>as, <ex>cause</ex> for rejoicing</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sake; interest; advantage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I did it not for his <b>cause</b>.
<i>2 Cor. vii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A suit or action in court; any legal process by which a party endeavors to obtain his claim, or what he regards as his right; case; ground of action.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Any subject of discussion or debate; matter; question; affair in general.</def>

<blockquote>What counsel give you in this weighty <b>cause</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The side of a question, which is espoused, advocated, and upheld by a person or party; a principle which is advocated; that which a person or party seeks to attain.</def>

<blockquote>God befriend us, as our <b>cause</b> is just.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The part they take against me is from zeal to the <b>cause</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Efficient cause</col>, <cd>the agent or force that produces a change or redult.</cd> -- <col>Final cause</col>, <cd>the end, design, or object, for which anything is done.</cd> -- <col>Formal cause</col>, <cd>the elements of a conception which make the conception or the thing conceived to be what it is; or the idea viewed as a formative principle and co\'94perating with the matter.</cd> -- <col>Material cause</col>, <cd>that of which anything is made.</cd> -- <col>Proximate cause</col>. <cd>See under <er>Proximate</er>.</cd> -- <col>To make common cause with</col>, <cd>to join with in purposes and aims.</cd></cs>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Origin; source; mainspring; motive; reason; incitement; inducement; purpose; object; suit; action.</syn>

<h1>Cause</h1>
<Xpage=229>

<hw>Cause</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Caused</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & v. n.</tt> <er>Causing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>causer</ets>, fr. <ets>cause</ets>, fr. L. <ets>causa</ets>. See <er>Cause</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Acouse</er>.]</ety> <def>To effect as an agent; to produce; to be the occasion of; to bring about; to bring into existence; to make; -- usually followed by an infinitive, sometimes by <i>that</i> with a finite verb.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>cause</b> it to rain upon the earth forty days.
<i>Gen. vii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Cause</b> that it be read also in the church of the Laodiceans.
<i>Col. iv. 16.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To create; produce; beget; effect; occasion; originate; induce; bring about.</syn>

<h1>Cause</h1>
<Xpage=229>

<hw>Cause</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To assign or show cause; to give a reason; to make excuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Cause</h1>
<Xpage=229>

<hw>Cause</hw>, <tt>conj.</tt> <def>Abbreviation of <er>Because</er>.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Causeful</h1>
<Xpage=229>

<hw>Cause"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Having a cause.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Causeless</h1>
<Xpage=229>

<hw>Cause"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>1. Self-originating; uncreated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without just or sufficient reason; groundless.</def>

<blockquote>My fears are <b>causeless</b> and ungrounded.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Causeless</h1>
<Xpage=229>

<hw>Cause"less</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without cause or reason.</def>

<h1>Causelessness</h1>
<Xpage=229>

<hw>Cause"less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being causeless.</def>

<h1>Causer</h1>
<Xpage=229>

<hw>Caus"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who or that which causes.</def>

<h1>Causeuse</h1>
<Xpage=229>

<hw>Cau`seuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>causer</ets> to talk.]</ety> <def>A kind of sofa for two person. A <i>t\'88te-a-t\'88te</i>.</def>

<h1>Causeway, Causey</h1>
<Xpage=229>

<hw><hw>Cause"way</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cau"sey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cauci</ets>, <ets>cauchie</ets>, OF. <ets>cauchie</ets>, F. <ets>chauss\'82e</ets>, from LL. (<ets>via</ets>) <ets>calciata</ets>, fr <ets>calciare</ets> to make a road, either fr. L. <ets>calx</ets> lime, hence, to pave with limestone (cf. E. <ets>chalk</ets>), or from L. <ets>calceus</ets> shoe, from <ets>calx</ets> heel, hence, to shoe, pave, or wear by treading.]</ety> <def>A way or road rasid above the natural level of the ground, serving as a dry passage over wet or marshy ground.</def>

<blockquote>But that broad <b>causeway</b> will direct your way.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The other way Satan went down
The <b>causey</b> to Hell-gate.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Causewayed, Causeyed</h1>
<Xpage=229>

<hw><hw>Cause"wayed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cau"seyed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a raised way (causeway or causey); paved.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott. C. Bront\'82.</i>

<h1>Causidical</h1>
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<hw>Cau*sid"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>causidicakis</ets>; <ets>causa</ets> a cause in law + <ets>dicare</ets> to say.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to an advocate, or to the maintenance and defense of suits.</def>

<h1>Caustic, Caustical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Caus"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Caus"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caustucs</ets>, Ge. <?/, fr. <?/ to burn. Cf. <er>Calm</er>, <er>Ink</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of destroying the texture of anything or eating away its substance by chemical action; burning; corrosive; searing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Severe; satirical; sharp; <as>as, a <ex>caustic</ex> remark</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Caustic curve</col> <fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>a curve to which the ray of light, reflected or refracted by another curve, are tangents, the reflecting or refracting curve and the luminous point being in one plane.</cd> -- <col>Caustic lime</col>. <cd>See under <er>Lime</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Caustic potash</col>, <col>Caustic soda</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the solid hydroxides potash, <chform>KOH</chform>, and soda, <chform>NaOH</chform>, or solutions of the same.</cd> -- <col>Caustic silver</col>, <cd>nitrate of silver, lunar caustic.</cd> -- <col>Caustic surface</col> <fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>a surface to which rays reflected or refracted by another surface are tangents. Caustic curves and surfaces are called <i>catacaustic<i> when formed by reflection, and <i>diacaustic<i> when formed by refraction.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Stinging; cutting; pungent; searching.</syn>

<h1>Caustic</h1>
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<hw>Cau"stic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>causticum</ets> (sc. <ets>medicamentum</ets>). See <er>Caustic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any substance or means which, applied to animal or other organic tissue, burns, corrodes, or destroys it by chemical action; an escharotic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Optics)</fld> <def>A caustic curve or caustic surface.</def>

<h1>Caustically</h1>
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<hw>Caus"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a caustic manner.</def>

<h1>Causticily</h1>
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<hw>Caus*tic"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being caustic; corrosiveness; <as>as, the <ex>causticity</ex> of potash</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Severity of language; sarcasm; <as>as, the <ex>causticity</ex> of a reply or remark</as>.</def>

<h1>Causticness</h1>
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<hw>Caus"tic*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being caustic; causticity.</def>

<h1>Cautel</h1>
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<hw>Cau"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>caut\'8ale</ets>, L. <ets>cautela</ets>, fr. <ets>cavere</ets> to be on one's guard, to take care.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Caution; prudence; wariness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fulke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Craft; deceit; falseness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cautelous</h1>
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<hw>Cau"te*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cauteleux</ets>, LL. <ets>cautelosus</ets>. See <er>Cautel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Caution; prudent; wary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Cautelous</i>, though young."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Crafty; deceitful; false.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Cau"te*lous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Cau"te*lous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Cauter</h1>
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<hw>Cau"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>caut\'8are</ets>, L. <ets>cauterium</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a branding iron, fr. <?/ to burn. Cf. <er>Caustic</er>, <er>Cautery</er>.]</ety> <def>A hot iron for searing or cauterizing.</def>

<i>Minsheu.</i>

<h1>Cauterant</h1>
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<hw>Cau"ter*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cauterizing substance.</def>

<h1>Cauterism</h1>
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<hw>Cau"ter*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The use or application of a caustic; cautery.</def>

<i>Ferrand.</i>

<h1>Cauterization</h1>
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<hw>Cau`ter*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>caut\'8arisation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act of searing some morbid part by the application of a cautery or caustic; also, the effect of such application.</def>

<h1>Cauterize</h1>
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<hw>Cau"ter*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cauterized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cauterizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>cauterizare</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. a branding iron: cf. F. <ets>caut\'82rised</ets>.. See <er>cauter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To burn or sear with a cautery or caustic.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sear, as the conscience.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Cautery</h1>
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<hw>Cau"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cauteries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>cauterium</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Cauter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A burning or searing, as of morbid flesh, with a hot iron, or by application of a caustic that will burn, corrode, or destroy animal tissue.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The iron of other agent in cauterizing.</def>

<cs><col>Actual cautery</col>, <cd>a substance or agent (as a hot iron) which cauterizes or sears by actual heat; or the burning so effected.</cd> -- <col>Potential cautery</col>, <cd>a substance which cauterizes by chemical action; as, lunar <i>caustic<i>; also, the cauterizing produced by such substance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Caution</h1>
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<hw>Cau"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>caution</ets> a security, L. <ets>cautio</ets>, fr. <ets>cavere</ets> (<ets>For scavere</ets>) to be on one's guard, to take care (orig.) to be on the watch, see; akin to E. <ets>show</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A careful attention to the probable effects of an act, in order that failure or harm may be avoided; prudence in regard to danger; provident care; wariness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Security; guaranty; bail.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Parliament would yet give his majesty sufficient <b>caution</b> that the war should be prosecuted.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Precept or warning against evil of any kind; exhortation to wariness; advice; injunction.</def>

<blockquote>In way of <b>caution</b> I must tell you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Caution money</col>, <cd>money deposited by way of security or guaranty, as by a student at an English university.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Care; forethought; forecast; heed; prudence; watchfulness; vigilance; circumspection; anxiety; providence; counsel; advice; warning; admonition.</syn>

<h1>Caution</h1>
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<hw>Cau"tion</hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Cautioned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cautioning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To give notice of danger to; to warn; to exhort [one] to take heed.</def>

<blockquote>You <b>cautioned</b> me against their charms.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cautionary</h1>
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<hw>Cau"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Conveying a caution, or warning to avoid danger; <as>as, <ex>cautionary</ex> signals</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Given as a pledge or as security.</def>

<blockquote>He hated Barnevelt, for his getting the <b>cautionary</b> towns out of his hands.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Wary; cautious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Cautioner</h1>
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<hw>Cau"tion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who cautions or advises.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A surety or sponsor.</def>

<h1>Cautionry</h1>
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<hw>Cau"tion*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>Suretyship.</def>

<h1>Cautious</h1>
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<hw>Cau"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>cautus</ets>, fr. <ets>caver</ets>. See <er>Caution</er>.]</ety> <def>Attentive to examine probable effects and consequences of acts with a view to avoid danger or misfortune; prudent; circumspect; wary; watchful; <as>as, a <ex>cautious</ex> general</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Cautious</b> feeling for another's pain.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Be swift to hear; but <b>cautious</b> of your tongue.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Wary; watchful; vigilant; prudent; circumspect; discreet; heedful; thoughtful; scrupulous; anxious; careful.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Cautious</er>, <er>Wary</er>, <er>Circumspect</er>. A man is <i>cautious</i> who realizes the constant possibility of danger; one may be <i>wary</i>, and yet bold and active; a man who is <i>circumspect</i> habitually examines things on every side in order to weigh and deliberate. It is necessary to be <i>cautious</i> at all times; to be <i>wary</i> in cases of extraordinary danger; to be <i>circumspect</i> in matters of peculiar delicacy and difficulty.</usage>

<h1>Cautiously</h1>
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<hw>Cau"tious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a cautious manner.</def>

<h1>Cautiousness</h1>
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<hw>Cau"tious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being cautious.</def>

<h1>Cavalcade</h1>
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<hw>Cav"al*cade`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cavalcade</ets>, fr. It. <ets>cavalcata</ets>, fr. <ets>cavalcare</ets> to go on horseback, fr. LL. <ets>caballicare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caballus</ets> an inferior horse, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Cavalier</er>, <er>Cavalry</er>.]</ety> <def>A procession of persons on horseback; a formal, pompous march of horsemen by way of parade.</def>

<blockquote>He brought back war-worn <b>cavalcade</b> to the city.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cavalero, Cavaliero</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cav`a*le"ro</hw>, <hw>Cav`a*lie"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>caballero</ets>. See <er>Cavalier</er>.]</ety> <def>A cavalier; a gallant; a libertine.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cavalier</h1>
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<hw>Cav`a*lier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cavalier</ets>, It. <ets>cavaliere</ets>, LL. <ets>caballarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caballus</ets>. See <er>Cavalcade</er>, and cf. <er>Cavallier</er>, <er>Caballine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A military man serving on horseback; a knight.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gay, sprightly, military man; hence, a gallant.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of the court party in the time of king Charles L. as contrasted with a Roundhead or an adherent of Parliament.</def>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A work of more that ordinary heigh, rising from the level ground of a bastion, etc., and overlooking surrounding parts.</def>

<h1>Cavalier</h1>
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<hw>Cav`a*lier"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gay; easy; offhand; frank.</def>

<blockquote>The plodding, persevering scupulous accuracy of the one, and the easy, <b>cavalier</b>, verbal fluency of the other, from a complete contrast.

<i>Hazlitt.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>High-spirited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The people are naturally not valiant, and not much <i>cavalier</i>."

<i>Suckling.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Supercilious; haughty; disdainful; curt; brusque.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the party of King Charles I.</def> "An old <i>Cavalier</i> family."

<i>Beaconsfleld.</i>

<h1>Cavalierish</h1>
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<hw>Cav`a*lier"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat like a cavalier.</def>

<h1>Cavalierism</h1>
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<hw>Cav`a*lier"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice or principles of cavaliers.</def>

<i>Sir. W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Cavalierly</h1>
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<hw>Cav`a*lier"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a supercilious, disdainful, or haughty manner; arroganty.</def>

<i>Junius.</i>

<h1>Cavalierness</h1>
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<hw>Cav`a*lier"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A disdanful manner.</def>

<h1>Cavally</h1>
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<hw>Ca*val"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Pg. <ets>cavalla</ets> a kind of fish; Sp. <ets>caballa</ets>; prob. fr. Pg. <ets>cavallo</ets> horse, Sp. <ets>caballa</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carangoid fish of the Atlantic coast (<spn>Caranx hippos</spn>): -- called also <altname>horse crevall\'82</altname>. <note>[See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Carangoid</er>.]</note></def>

<h1>Cavalry</h1>
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<hw>Cav"al*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cavalerie</ets>, fr. It. <ets>cavalleria</ets>. See <er>Cavalier</er>, and cf. <er>chivalry</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>That part of military force which serves on horseback.</def>

<note>&hand; <stype>Heavy cavalry</stype> and <stype>light cavalry</stype> are so distinguished by the character of their armament, and by the size of the men and horses.</note>

<h1>Cavalryman</h1>
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<hw>Cav"al*ry*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <er>Cavalrymen</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>One of a body of cavalry.</def>

<h1>Cavatina</h1>
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<hw>Ca`va*ti"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Originally, a melody of simpler form than the <i>aria</i>; a song without a second part and a <i>da capo</i>; -- a term now variously and vaguely used.</def>

<h1>Cave</h1>
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<hw>Cave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cave</ets>, L. <ets>cavus</ets> hollow, whence <ets>cavea</ets> cavity. Cf. <er>Cage</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hollow place in the earth, either natural or artificial; a subterraneous cavity; a cavern; a den.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any hollow place, or part; a cavity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>cave</i> of the ear."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<cs><col>Cave bear</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large fossil bear (<spn>Ursus spel\'91us</spn>) similar to the grizzly bear, but large; common in European caves.</cd> -- <col>Cave dweller</col>, <cd>a savage of prehistoric times whose dwelling place was a cave. <i>Tylor</i>.</cd> -- <col>Cave hyena</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fossil hyena found abundanty in British caves, now usually regarded as a large variety of the living African spotted hyena.</cd> -- <col>Cave lion</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fossil lion found in the caves of Europe, believed to be a large variety of the African lion.</cd> -- <col>Bone cave</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bone</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cave</h1>
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<hw>Cave</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Caved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Caving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>caver</ets>. See <er>Cave</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To make hollow; to scoop out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The mouldred earth <b>cav'd</b> the banke.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cave</h1>
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<hw>Cave</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dwell in a cave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[See <ets>To cave in</ets>, below.]</ety> <def>To fall in or down; <as>as, the sand bank <ex>caved</ex></as>. Hence <mark>(Slang)</mark>, to retreat from a position; to give way; to yield in a disputed matter.</def>

<cs><col>To cave in</col>. <ety>[Flem. <i>inkalven<i>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To fall in and leave a hollow, as earth on the side of a well or pit.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To submit; to yield. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>H. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Caveat</h1>
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<hw>Ca"ve*at</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caved</ets> let him beware, pres. subj. of <ets>cavere</ets> to be on one's guard to, beware.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A notice given by an interested party to some officer not to do a certain act until the party is heard in opposition; <as>as, a <ex>caveat</ex> entered in a probate court to stop the proving of a will or the taking out of letters of administration, etc.</as></def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(U. S. Patent Laws)</fld> <def>A description of some invention, designed to be patented, lodged in the patent office before the patent right is applied for, and operating as a bar to the issue of letters patent to any other person, respecting the same invention.</def>

<note>&hand; A <i>caveat</i> is operative for one year only, but may be renewed.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Intimation of caution; warning; protest.</def>

<blockquote>We think it right to enter our <b>caveat</b> against a conclusion.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Caveat emptor</col> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>let the purchaser beware, <it>i. e.</it>, let him examine the article he is buying, and act on his own judgment.</cd></cs>

<h1>Caveating</h1>
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<hw>Ca"ve*a`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fencing)</fld> <def>Shifting the sword from one side of an adversary's sword to the other.</def>

<h1>Caveator</h1>
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<hw>Ca"ve*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who enters a caveat.</def>

<h1>Cavendish</h1>
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<hw>Cav"en*dish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Leaf tobacco softened, sweetened, and pressed into plugs or cakes.</def>

<cs><col>Cut cavendish</col>, <cd>the plugs cut into long shreds for smoking.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cavern</h1>
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<hw>Cav"ern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caverna</ets>, fr. <ets>cavus</ets> hollow: cf. F. <ets>caverne</ets>.]</ety> <def>A large, deep, hollow place in the earth; a large cave.</def>

<h1>Caverned</h1>
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<hw>Cav"erned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Containing caverns.</def>

<blockquote>The wolves yelled on the <b>caverned</b> hill.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Living in a cavern.</def> "<i>Caverned</i> hermit."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Cavernous</h1>
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<hw>Cav"ern*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cavernosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>caverneux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of caverns; resembling a cavern or large cavity; hollow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Filled with small cavities or cells.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having a sound caused by a cavity.</def>

<cs><col>Cavernous body</col>, <cd>a body of erectile tissue with large interspaces which may be distended with blood, as in the penis or clitoris.</cd> -- <col>Cavernous respiration</col>, <cd>a peculiar respiratory sound andible on auscultation, when the bronchial tubes communicate with morbid cavities in the lungs.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cavernulous</h1>
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<hw>Ca*ver"nu*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>cavernula</ets>, dim. of <ets>caverna</ets> cavern.]</ety> <def>Full of little cavities; <as>as, <ex>cavernulous</ex> metal</as>.</def>

<i>Black.</i>

<h1>Cavesson, Cavezon</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cav"es*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cav"e*zon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cave\'87on</ets>, augm. fr. LL. <ets>capitium</ets> a head covering hood, fr. L. <ets>caput</ets> head. Cf. <er>Caberzon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A kind of noseband used in breaking and training horses.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>caveson</asp>, <asp>causson</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>White.</i>

<h1>Cavetto</h1>
<Xpage=229>

<hw>Ca*vet"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>cavetto</ets>, fr. <ets>cavo</ets> hollow, L. <ets>cavus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A concave molding; -- used chiefly in classical architecture.  See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Calumn</er>.</def>

<h1>Caviare, Caviar</h1>
<Xpage=229>

<hw><hw>Ca*viare"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cav"i*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>caviar</ets>, fr. It. <ets>caviale</ets>, fr. Turk. <ets>Hav\'c6\'ber</ets>.]</ety> <def>The roes of the sturgeon, prepared and salted; -- used as a relish, esp. in Russia.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Caviare</i> was considered a delicacy, by some, in Shakespeare's time, but was not relished by most. Hence Hamlet says of a certain play. "'T was <i>caviare</i> to the general," <it>i. e.</it>, above the taste of the common people.</note>

<hr>
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Page 230<p>

<h1>Cavicorn</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cav"i*corn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cavus</ets> hollow + <ets>cornu</ets> horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having hollow horns.</def>

<h1>Cavicornia</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cav`i*cor"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of ruminants whose horns are hollow, and planted on a bony process of the front, as the ox.</def>

<h1>Cavil</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cav"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Caviled</er> &or; <er>Cavilled</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Caviling</er> &or; <er>Cavilling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>cavillari</ets> to practice jesting, to censure, fr. <ets>cavilla</ets> bantering jests, sophistry: cf. OF. <ets>caviller</ets>.]</ety> <def>To raise captious and frivolous objections; to find fault without good reason.</def>

<blockquote>You do not well in obstinacy
To <b>cavil</b> in the course of this contract.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cavil</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cav"il</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cavil at.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Cavil</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cav"il</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A captious or frivolous objection.</def>

<blockquote>All the <b>cavils</b> of prejudice and unbelief.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cavil &or; Caviler</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw><hw>Cav"il</hw> &or; <hw>Cav"il*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who cavils.</def>

<blockquote><b>Cavilers</b> at the style of the Scriptures.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Caviling</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cav"il*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disposed to cavil; finding fault without good reason. See <er>Captious</er>.</def>

<blockquote>His depreciatory and <b>caviling</b> criticism.
<i>Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cavilingly</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cav"il*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adb.</tt> <def>In a caviling manner.</def>

<h1>Cavillation</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cav`il*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[F. <ets>cavillation</ets>, L. <ets>cavillatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Frivolous or sophistical objection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Cavilous &or; Cavillous</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw><hw>Cav"il*ous</hw> &or; <hw>Cav"il*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cavillosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by caviling, or disposed to cavil; quibbing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

-- <wordforms><wf>Cav"il*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wf>Cav"il*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Cavin</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cav"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Cave</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A hollow way, adapted to cover troops, and facilitate their aproach to a place.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Cavitary</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cav"i*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Containing a body cavity; <as>as, the <ex>cavitary</ex> or nematoid worms</as>.</def>

<h1>Cavity</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cav"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cavities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>cavus</ets> hollow: cf. F. <ets>cavit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hollowness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>cavity</b> or hollowness of the place.
<i>Goodwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hollow place; a hollow; <as>as, the abdominal <ex>cavity</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>An instrument with a small <b>cavity</b>, like a small spoon.
<i>Arbuthot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Abnormal spaces or excavations are frequently formed in the lungs, which are designated <b>cavities</b> or vomic\'91.
<i>Quain.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Body cavity</col>, <cd>the c\'d2lum. See under <er>Body</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cavo-relievo</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ca"vo-re*lie"vo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cavo-rilievo.</def>

<h1>Cavo-rilievo</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ca"vo-ri*lie"vo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Sculp.)</fld> <def>Hollow relief; sculpture in relief within a sinking made for the purpose, so no part of it projects beyond the plain surface around.</def>

<h1>Cavort</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ca*vort"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cavorted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cavorting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To prance ostentatiously; -- said of a horse or his rider.</def> <mark>[Local slang U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Cavy</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ca"vy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cavies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[NL. <ets>cavia, fr. Brazilian <ets>cabiai</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cabiai</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rodent of the genera <spn>cavia</spn> and <spn>Dolichotis</spn>, as the guinea pig (<spn>Cavia cabaya</spn>). Cavies are natives of South America.</def>

<cs><col>Water cavy</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>The capybara.</cd></cs>

<h1>Caw</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Caw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cawed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cawing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Imitative. \'fb22 Cf. <er>Chough</er>.]</ety> <def>To cry like a crow, rook, or raven.</def>

<blockquote>Rising and <b>cawing</b> at the gun's report.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Caw</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Caw</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The cry made by the crow, rook, or raven.</def>

<h1>Cawk</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cawk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>cauk</ets> limestone. A doublet of <ets>chalk</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An opaque, compact variety of barite, or heavy spar.</def> <altsp>[Also written <er>cauk</er>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cawker</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cawk"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Calker</er>.</def>

<h1>Cawky</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cawk"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to cawk; like cawk.</def>

<h1>Caxon</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cax"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of wig.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Caxton</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cax"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bibliog.)</fld> <def>Any book printed by William <i>Caxton</i>, the first English printer.</def>

<i>Hansard.</i>

<h1>Cay</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Key</er>, a ledge.</def>

<h1>Cayenne</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cay*enne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Cayenne</ets>, a town and island in French Guiana, South America.]</ety> <def>Cayenne pepper.</def>

<cs><col>Cayenne pepper</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A species of <spn>capsicum</spn> (<spn>C. frutescens</spn>) with small and intensely pungent fruit.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A very pungent spice made by drying and grinding the fruits or seeds of several species of the genus <spn>Capsicum</spn>, esp. <spn>C. annuum</spn> and <spn>C. Frutescens</spn>; -- Called also <altname>red pepper</altname>. It is used chiefly as a condiment.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cayman</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cay"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the language of Guiana: cf. Sp. <ets>caiman</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The south America alligator. See <er>Alligator</er>.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes written <asp>caiman</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cayugas</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ca*yu"gas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt><def>; <i>sing</i> <er>Cayuga</er>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> A tribe of Indians formerly inbabiting western New-York, forming part of the confederacy called the Five Nations.</def>

<h1>Cayuse</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cay*use"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An Indian pony.</def> <mark>[Northw. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Cazique, Cazic</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw><hw>Ca*zique"</hw>, <hw>Cazic"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>Cacique</ets>, fr. the language of Hayti.]</ety> <def>A chief or petty king among some tribes of Indians in America.</def>

<h1>Cease</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cease</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ceased</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ceasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cessen</ets>, <ets>cesen</ets>, F. <ets>cesser</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cessare</ets>, v. intemsive fr. <ets>cedere</ets> to withdraw. See <er>Cede</er> , and cf. <er>Cessation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come to an end; to stop; to leave off or give over; to desist; <as>as, the noise <ex>ceased</ex></def> "To <ex>cease</ex> from strife</as>."

<i>Prov. xx. 3.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be wanting; to fail; to pass away.</def>

<blockquote>The poor shall never <b>cease</b> out of the land.
<i>Deut. xv. 11.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To intermit; desist; stop; abstain; quit; discontinue; refrain; leave off; pause; end.</syn>

<h1>Cease</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cease</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put a stop to; to bring to an end.</def>

<blockquote>But he, her fears to <b>cease</b>
Sent down the meek-eyed peace.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Cease</b>, then, this impious rage.
<i>Milton</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cease</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cease</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Extinction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ceaseless</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cease"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without pause or end; incessant.</def>

<h1>Ceaseless</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cease"less</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without intermission or end.</def>

<h1>Cecidomyia</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cec`i*do*my"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Nl., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a gall nut + <?/ a fly.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small dipterous files, including several very injurious species, as the Hessian fly. See <er>Hessian fly</er>.</def>

<h1>Cecity</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ce"ci*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caecitas</ets>, fr. <ets>caecus</ets> blind: cf. F. <ets>c\'82cit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Blindness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne</i>.

<h1>Cecutiency</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ce*cu"tien*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caecutire</ets> to be blind, fr. <ets>caecus</ets> blind.]</ety> <def>Partial blindness, or a tendency to blindness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Cedar</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ce"dar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ceder</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cedrus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of several evergreen trees. The wood is remarkable for its durability and fragrant odor.</def>

<note>&hand; The cedar of Lebanon is the <i>Cedrus Libani</i>; the white cedar (<spn>Cupressus thyoides</spn>) is now called <spn>Cham\'d2cyparis sph\'91roidea</spn>; American red cedar is the <spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>; Spanish cedar, the West Indian <spn>Cedrela odorata</spn>. Many other trees with odoriferous wood are locally called <i>cedar</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Cedar bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of chatterer (<spn>Ampelis cedrarum</spn>), so named from its frequenting cedar trees; -- called also <altname>cherry bird</altname>, <altname>Canada robin</altname>, and <altname>American waxwing</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cedar</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ce"dar</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to cedar.</def>

<h1>Cedared</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ce"dared</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered, or furnished with, cedars.</def>

<h1>Cedarn</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ce"darn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the cedar or its wood.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cede</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cede</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ceded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ceding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>cedere</ets> to withdraw, yield; akin to <ets>cadere</ets> to fall, and to E. <ets>chance</ets>; cf. F. <ets>c\'82der</ets>.]</ety> <def>To yield or surrender; to give up; to resign; <as>as, to <ex>cede</ex> a fortress, a province, or country, to another nation, by treaty</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The people must <i>cede</i> to the government some of their natural rights.
<i>Jay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cedilla</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ce*dil"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>cedilla</ets>, cf. F. <ets>c\'82dille</ets>; dim. of <ets>zeta</ets>, the Gr. name of the letter <ets>z</ets>, because this letter was formerly written after the <ets>c</ets>, to give it the sound of <ets>s</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mark placed under the letter <i>c</i> [thus, \'87], to show that it is to be sounded like <i>s</i>, as in <i>fa\'87ade</i>.</def>

<h1>Cedrat</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ce"drat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>c\'82drat</ets>. See <er>Cedar</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Properly the citron, a variety of <i>Citrus medica</i>, with large fruits, not acid, and having a high perfume.</def>

<h1>Cedrene</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ce"drene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rich aromatic oil, <chform>C15H24</chform>, extracted from oil of red cedar, and regarded as a polymeric terpene; also any one of a class of similar substances, as the essential oils of cloves, cubebs, juniper, etc., of which cedrene proper is the type.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cedren</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cedrine</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ce"drine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cedrinus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Cedar</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to cedar or the cedar tree.</def>

<h1>Cedriret</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ce"dri*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>C\'d2rulignone</er>.</def>

<h1>Cedry</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ce"dry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of cedar.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cedule</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ced"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>c\'82dule</ets>, fr. L. <ets>shedula</ets>. See <er>Shedule</er>.]</ety> <def>A scroll; a writing; a schedule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ceduous</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ced"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caeduus</ets>, fr. <ets>caedere</ets> to cut down.]</ety> <def>Fit to be felled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Eyelyn.</i>

<h1>Ceil</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ceil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ceiled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ceiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From an older noun, fr. F. <ets>ciel</ets> heaven, canopy, fr. L. <ets>carlum</ets> heaven, vault, arch, covering; cf. Gr. <?/ hollow.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To overlay or cover the inner side of the roof of; to furnish with a ceiling; <as>as, to ceil a room</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The greater house he <b>ceiled</b> with fir tree.
<i>2 Chron. iii. 5</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To line or finish a surface, as of a wall, with plaster, stucco, thin boards, or the like.</def>

<h1>Ceiling</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ceil"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cell</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The inside lining of a room overhead; the under side of the floor above; the upper surface opposite to the floor.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The lining or finishing of any wall or other surface, with plaster, thin boards, etc.; also, the work when done.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The inner planking of a vessel.</def>

<cs><col>Camp ceiling</col>. <cd>See under <er>Camp</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ceiling boards</col>, <cd>Thin narrow boards used to ceil with.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ceint</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Ceint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cincture</er>.]</ety> <def>A girdle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Celadon</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cel"a*don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A pale sea-green color; also, porcelain or fine pottery of this tint.</def>

<h1>Calandine</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cal"an*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>celidoine</ets>, OF. <ets>celidoine</ets>, F. <ets>ch\'82lidoine</ets>, fr. L. <ets>chelidonia</ets> (sc. <ets>herba</ets>), fr. <ets>chelidonius</ets> pertaining to the swallow, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ the swallow, akin to L. <ets>hirundo</ets> a swallow.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial herbaceous plant (<spn>Chelidonium majus</spn>) of the poppy family, with yellow flowers. It is used as a medicine in jandice, etc., and its acrid saffron-colored juice is used to cure warts and the itch; -- called also <altname>greater celandine</altname> and <altname>swallowwort</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Lasser celandine</col>, <cd>the pilewort (<spn>Ranunculus Ficaria</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Celature</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cel"a*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caelatura</ets>, fr. <ets>caelare</ets> to engrave in relief.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or art of engraving or embossing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is engraved.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hakewill.</i>

<h1>Celebrant</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cel"e*brant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>celebrans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>celebrare</ets>. See <er>Celebrate</er>.]</ety> <def>One who performs a public religious rite; -- applied particularly to an officiating priest in the Roman Catholic Church, as distinguished from his assistants.</def>

<h1>Celebrate</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cel"e*brate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Celebrated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Celebrating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>celebratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>celebrare</ets> to frequent, to celebrate, fr. <ets>celeber</ets> famous.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To extol or honor in a solemn manner; <as>as, to <ex>celebrate</ex> the name of the Most High</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To honor by solemn rites, by ceremonies of joy and respect, or by refraining from ordinary business; to observe duly; to keep; <as>as, to <ex>celebrate</ex> a birthday</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Fron even unto shall ye <b>celebrate</b> your Sabbath.
<i>Lev. xxiii. 32.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To perforn or participate in, as a sacrament or solemn rite; to solemnize; to perform with appropriate rites; <as>as, to <ex>celebrate</ex> a marriage</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To commemorate; distinguish; honor.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Celebrate</er>, <er>Commemorate</er>. We <i>commemorate</i> events which we desire to keep in remembrance, when we recall them by some special observace; as, to <i>commemorate</i> the death of our Savior. We <i>celebrate</i> by demonstrations of joy or solemnity or by appropriate ceremonies; as, to <i>celebrate</i> the birthday of our Independence.</usage>

<blockquote>We are called upon to <b>commemorate</b> a revolution as surprising in its manner as happy in its consequences.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Earth, water, air, and fire, with feeling glee,
Exult to <b>celebrate</b> thy festival.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Celebrated</h1>
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<hw>Cel"e*bra`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having celebrity; distinguished; renowned.</def>

<blockquote><b>Celebrated</b> for the politeness of his manners.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Distinguished; famous; noted; famed; renowned; illustrious. See <er>Distinguished</er>.</syn>

<h1>Celebration</h1>
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<hw>Cel`e*bra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>celebratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act, process, or time of celebrating.</def>

<blockquote>His memory deserving a particular <b>celebration</b>.
<i>Clarendok.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Celebration</b> of Mass is equivalent to offering Mass
<i>Cath. Dict.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To hasten the <b>celebration</b> of their marriage.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Celebrator</h1>
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<hw>Cel"e*bra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who celebrates; a praiser.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Celebrious</h1>
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<hw>Ce*le"bri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Famous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Speed.</i>

<h1>Celebrity</h1>
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<hw>Ce*leb"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Celebriries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>celebritas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>c\'82l\'82brit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Celebration; solemnization.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>celebrity</b> of the marriage.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state or condition of being celebrated; fame; renown; <as>as, the <ex>celebrity</ex> of Washington</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An event of great <b>celebrity</b> in the history of astronomy.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person of distinction or renown; -- usually in the plural; <as>as, he is one of the <ex>celebrities</ex> of the place</as>.</def>

<h1>Celeriac</h1>
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<hw>Ce*le"ri*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Turnip-rooted celery, a from of celery with a large globular root, which is used for food.</def>

<h1>Celerity</h1>
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<hw>Ce*ler"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>celeritas</ets>, from <ets>celer</ets> swiftm speedy: sf. F. <ets>c\'82l\'82rit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rapidity of motion; quickness; swiftness.</def>

<blockquote>Time, with all its <b>celerity</b>, moves slowly to him whose whole employment is to watch its flight.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Celery</h1>
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<hw>Cel"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>c\'82leri</ets>, cf. Prov. It. <ets>seleno</ets>, <ets>seler</ets>; fr. Gr. <?/ parsley, in Lgr. & NGr. <ets>celery</ets>. <ets>Cf</ets>. <er>Parsley</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the Parsley family (<spn>Apium graveolens</spn>), of which the blanched leafstalks are used as a salad.</def>

<h1>Celestial</h1>
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<hw>Ce*les"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>celestial</ets>, <ets>celestied</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caelestic</ets>, fr. <ets>caelum</ets> heaved. See <er>Cell</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to the a\'89rial regions, or visible heavens.</def> "The twelve <i>celestial</i> signs."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the spiritual heaven; heavenly; divine.</def>  "<i>Celestial</i> spirits." "<i>Celestial</i> light,"

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>Celestial city</col>, <cd>heaven; the heavenly Jerusalem.</cd> <i>Bunyan</i>. -- <col>Celestial empire</col>, <cd>China; -- so called from the Chinese words, <i>tien chan<i>, Heavenly Dynasty, as being the kingdom ruled over by the dynasty appoined by heaven.</cd>

<i>S. W. Williams.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Celestial</h1>
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<hw>Ce*les"tial</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inhabitant of heaven.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A native of China.</def>

<h1>Celestialize</h1>
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<hw>Ce*les"tial*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make celestial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Celestially</h1>
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<hw>Ce*les"tial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a celestial manner.</def>

<h1>Celestify</h1>
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<hw>Ce*les"ti*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caelestis</ets> heavenly + <ets>-fly</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make like heaven.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Celestine, Celestite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cel"es*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cel"es*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>caelestinus</ets> bine.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native strontium sulphate, a mineral so named from its occasional delicate blue color. It occurs crystallized, also in compact massive and fibrous forms.</def>

<h1>Celestine, Celestinian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cel"es*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cel`es*tin"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A monk of the austere branch of the Franciscan Order founded by Celestine V. in the 13th centry.</def>

<h1>Celiac</h1>
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<hw>Ce"li*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See C\'d2llac.</def>

<h1>Celibacy</h1>
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<hw>Ce*lib"a*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Celibate</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>The state of being unmarried; single life, esp. that of a bachelor, or of one bound by vows not to marry.</def> "The <i>celibacy</i> of the clergy."

<i>Hallom.</i>

<h1>Celibate</h1>
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<hw>Cel"i*bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aelibatus</ets>, fr. <ets>caelebs</ets> unmarried, single.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Celibate state; celibacy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He . . . preferreth holy <b>celibate</b> before the estate of marrige.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is unmarried, esp. a bachelor, or one bound by vows not to marry.</def>

<h1>Celibate</h1>
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<hw>Cel"i*bate</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unmarried; single; <as>as, a <ex>celibate</ex> state</as>.</def>

<h1>Celibatist</h1>
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<hw>Ce*lib"a*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lives unmarried.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Celidography</h1>
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<hw>Cel`i*dog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/ stain, spot + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>c\'82lidographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of apparent spots on the disk of the sun, or on planets.</def>

<h1>Cell</h1>
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<hw>Cell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>celle</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cella</ets>; akin to <ets>celare</ets> to hide, and E. <ets>hell</ets>, <ets>helm</ets>, <ets>conceal</ets>. Cf. <er>Hall</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A very small and close apartment, as in a prison or in a monastery or convent; the hut of a hermit.</def>

<blockquote>The heroic confessor in his <b>cell</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small religious house attached to a monastery or convent.</def> "<i>Cells</i> or dependent priories."

<i>Milman.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any small cavity, or hollow place.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The space between the ribs of a vaulted roof.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Cella</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A jar of vessel, or a division of a compound vessel, for holding the exciting fluid of a battery.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the minute elementary structures, of which the greater part of the various tissues and organs of animals and plants are composed.</def>

<note>&hand; All cells have their origin in the primary cell from which the organism was developed. In the lowest animal and vegetable forms, one single cell constitutes the complete individual, such being called <i>unicelluter orgamisms</i>. A typical cell is composed of a semifluid mass of protoplasm, more or less granular, generally containing in its center a nucleus which in turn frequently contains one or more nucleoli, the whole being surrounded by a thin membrane, the cell wall. In some cells, as in those of blood, in the am\'d2ba, and in embryonic cells (both vegetable and animal), there is no restricting cell wall, while in some of the unicelluliar organisms the nucleus is wholly wanting. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Bipolar</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Air cell</col>. <cd>See <er>Air cell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cell development</col> <cd>(called also <altname>cell genesis</altname>, <altname>cell formation</altname>, and <altname>cytogenesis</altname>), the multiplication, of cells by a process of reproduction under the following common forms; <i>segmentation<i> or <i>fission<i>, <i>gemmation<i> or <i>budding<i>, <i>karyokinesis<i>, and <i>endogenous multiplication<i>. See <er>Segmentation</er>, <er>Gemmation</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Cell theory</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Cellular theory</cref>, under <er>Cellular</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cell</h1>
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<hw>Cell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Celled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To place or inclosed in a cell.</def> "<i>Celled</i> under ground." <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Warner.</i>

<h1>Cella</h1>
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<hw>Cel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The part inclosed within the walls of an ancient temple, as distinguished from the open porticoes.</def>

<h1>Cellar</h1>
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<hw>Cel"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>celer</ets>, OF. <ets>celier</ets>, F. <ets>celier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cellarium</ets> a receptacle for food, pantry, fr. <ets>cella</ets> storeroom. See <er>Cell</er>.]</ety> <def>A room or rooms under a building, and usually below the surface of the ground, where provisions and other stores are kept.</def>

<h1>Cellarage</h1>
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<hw>Cel"lar*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The space or storerooms of a cellar; a cellar.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<blockquote>You hear this fellow in the <b>cellarage</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Chare for storage in a cellar.</def>

<h1>Cellarer</h1>
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<hw>Cel"lar*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>cellararius</ets>, equiv. to L. <ets>cellarius</ets> steward: cf. F. <ets>cell\'82rier</ets>. See <er>Cellar</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A steward or butler of a monastery or chapter; one who has charge of procuring and keeping the provisions.</def>

<h1>Cellaret</h1>
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<hw>Cel`lar*et"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim of <ets>cellar</ets>.]</ety> <def>A receptacle, as in a dining room, for a few bottles of wine or liquor, made in the form of a chest or coffer, or a deep drawer in a sideboard, and usually lined with metal.</def>

<h1>Cellarist</h1>
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<hw>Cel"lar*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Cellarer</er>.</def>

<h1>Celled</h1>
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<hw>Celled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing a cell or cells.</def>

<h1>Cellepore</h1>
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<hw>Cel"le*pore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cella</ets> cell + <ets>porus</ets>, Gr. <?/, passage.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of delicate branching corals, made up of minute cells, belonging to the Bryozoa.</def>

<h1>Celliferous</h1>
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<hw>Cel*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cell</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing or producing cells.</def>

<h1>Cello</h1>
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<hw>Cel"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Cellos</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, It. <plw>Celli</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A contraction for <er>Violoncello</er>.</def>

<h1>Cellular</h1>
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<hw>Cel"lu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cellula</ets> a little cell: cf. F. <ets>cellulaire</ets>. See <er>Cellule</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of, or containing, cells; of or pertaining to a cell or cells.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Cellular plants</col>, <col>Cellular cryptogams</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>those flowerless plants which have no ducts or fiber in their tissue, as mosses, fungi, lichens, and alg\'91.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cellular theory</col>, &or; <col>Cell theory</col></mcol> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>a theory, according to which the essential element of every tissue, either vegetable or animal, is a cell; the whole series of cells having been formed from the development of the germ cell and by differentiation converted into tissues and organs which, both in plants ans animals, are to be considered as a mass of minute cells communicating with each other.</cd> -- <col>Cellular tissue</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> See <cref>conjunctive tissue</cref> under <er>Conjunctive</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> Tissue composed entirely of parenchyma, and having no woody fiber or ducts.</cd></cs>
<-- <col>cellular telephone</col>,  <cd>a portable radio-telephone transmitting and receiving the radio-telephonic signals from one of a group of transmitter-receiver stations so arranged that they provide adequate signal contact for such telephones over a certain geographical area.  The area within which one transmitter may service such portable telephones is called its "cell.</cd> -->

<h1>Cellulated</h1>
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<hw>Cel"lu*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cellular.</def>

<i>Caldwell.</i>

<h1>Cellule</h1>
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<hw>Cel"lule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cellula</ets> a small apartment, dim. of <ets>cella</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cellule</ets>. See <er>Cell</er>.]</ety> <def>A small cell.</def>

<h1>Celluliferous</h1>
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<hw>Cel`lu*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cellula</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing or producing little cells.</def>

<h1>Cellulitis</h1>
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<hw>Cel`lu*li"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>cellula</ets> + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <def>An inflammantion of the cellular or areolar tissue, esp. of that lying immediately beneath the skin.</def>

<h1>Celluloid</h1>
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<hw>Cel"lu*loid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cellulose</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>A substance composed essentially of gun cotton and camphor, and when pure resembling ivory in texture and color, but variously colored to imitate coral, tortoise shell, amber, malachite, etc. It is used in the manufacture of jewelry and many small articles, as combs, brushes, collars, and cuffs; -- originaly called <i>xylonite</i>.</def>

<h1>Cellulose</h1>
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<hw>Cel"lu*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, or containing, cells.</def>

<h1>Cellulose</h1>
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<hw>Cel"lu*lose`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The substance which constitutes the essential part of the solid framework of plants, of ordinary wood, linen, paper, etc. It is also found to a slight extent in certain animals, as the tunicates. It is a carbohydrate, <chform>(C6H10O5)n</chform>, isomeric with starch, and is convertible into starches and sugars by the action of heat and acids. When pure, it is a white amorphous mass. See <er>Starch</er>, <er>Granulose</er>, <er>Lignin</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Unsized, well bleached linen paper is merely pure <b>cellulose</b>.
<i>Goodale.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Starch cellulose</col>, <cd>the delicate framework which remains when the soluble part (granulose) of starch is removed by saliva or pepsin.</cd></cs>

<i>Goodale.</i>

<h1>Celotomy</h1>
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<hw>Ce*lot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ hernia + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act or operation of cutting, to relieve the structure in strangulated hernia.</def> <altsp>[Frequently written <asp>kelotomy</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Celsiture</h1>
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<hw>Cel"si*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>celstudo</ets>, from <ets>celsus</ets> high: cf. <ets>celsitude</ets>.]</ety> <def>Height; altitude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Celsius</h1>
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<hw>Cel"si*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Celsius thermometer or scale, so called from Anders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, who invented it. It is the same as the <i>centigrade</i> thermometer or scale.</def>

<h1>Celt</h1>
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<hw>Celt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Celtae</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, pl.: cf. W. <ets>Celtiad</ets> one that dwells in a covert, an inhabitant of the wood, a Celt, fr. <ets>celt</ets> covert, shelter, <ets>celu</ets> to hide.]</ety> <def>One of an ancient race of people, who formerly inhabited a great part of Central and Western Europe, and whose descendants at the present day occupy Ireland, Wales, the Highlands of Scotland, and the northern shores of France.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Kelt</asp>. The letter C was pronounced hard in Celtic languages.]</altsp>

<h1>Celt</h1>
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<hw>Celt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>celts</ets> a chisel.]</ety> <fld>(Arch\'91ol.)</fld> <def>A weapon or implement of stone or metal, found in the tumuli, or barrows, of the early Celtic nations.</def>

<h1>Celtiberian</h1>
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<hw>Celt`i*be"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Celtiber</ets>, <ets>Celtibericus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the ancient Celtiberia (a district in Spain lying between the Ebro and the Tagus) or its inhabitants the Celtiberi (Celts of the river Iberus).</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An inhabitant of Celtiberia.</def></def2>

<h1>Celtic</h1>
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<hw>Celt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Celticus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Celt</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Celts; <as>as, <ex>Celtic</ex> people, tribes, literature, tongue</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Keltic</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Celtic</h1>
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<hw>Celt"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The language of the Celts.</def>

<note>&hand; The remains of the old Celtic language are found in the Gaelic, the Erse or Irish the Manx, and the Welsh and its cognate dialects Cornish and Bas Breton.</note>

<h1>Celticism</h1>
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<hw>Celt"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A custom of the Celts, or an idiom of their language.</def>

<i>Warton.</i>

<h1>Celticize</h1>
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<hw>Celt"i*cize`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render Celtic; to assimilate to the Celts.</def>

<h1>Cembalo</h1>
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<hw>Cem"ba*lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Cymbal</er>.]</ety> <def>An old mname for the harpsichord.</def>

<h1>Cement</h1>
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<hw>Ce*ment"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cement</ets>, <ets>ciment</ets>, F. <ets>ciment</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caementum</ets> a rough, unhewn stone, pieces or chips of marble, from which mortar was made, contr. fr. <ets>caedimentum</ets>, fr. <ets>caedere</ets> to cut, prob. akin to <ets>scindere</ets> to cleave, and to E. <ets>shed</ets>, v. t.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any substance used for making bodies adhere to each other, as mortar, glue, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of calcined limestone, or a calcined mixture of clay and lime, for making mortar which will harden under water.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The powder used in cementation. See <er>Cementation</er>, <tt>n.</tt>., 2.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Bond of union; that which unites firmly, as persons in friendship, or men in society.</def> "The <i>cement of our love</i>."

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The layer of bone investing the root and neck of a tooth; -- called also <altname>cementum</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Hydraulic cement</col>. <cd>See under <er>Hydraulic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cement</h1>
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<hw>Ce*ment"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cemented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cementing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cimenter</ets>. See <er>Cement</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unite or cause to adhere by means of a cement.</def>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To unite firmly or closely.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To overlay or coat with cement; <as>as, to <ex>cement</ex> a cellar bottom</as>.</def>

<h1>Cement</h1>
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<hw>Ce*ment"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become cemented or firmly united; to cohere.</def>

<i>S. Sharp.</i>

<h1>Cemental</h1>
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<hw>Ce*ment"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to cement, as of a tooth; <as>as, <ex>cemental</ex> tubes</as>.</def>

<i>R. Owen.</i>

<h1>Cementation</h1>
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<hw>Cem`en*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of cementing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A process which consists in surrounding a solid body with the powder of other substances, and heating the whole to a degree not sufficient to cause fusion, the physical properties of the body being changed by chemical combination with powder; thus iron becomes steel by cementation with charcoal, and green glass becomes porcelain by cementation with sand.</def>

<h1>Cementatory</h1>
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<hw>Ce*ment"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the quality of cementating or uniting firmly.</def>

<h1>Cementer</h1>
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<hw>Ce*ment"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person or thing that cements.</def>

<h1>Cementitious</h1>
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<hw>Cem`en*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caementitius</ets> pertaining to quarry stones. See <er>Cement</er>, <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety> <def>Of the nature of cement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Forsyth.</i>

<h1>Cemeterial</h1>
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<hw>Cem`e*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a cemetery.</def> "<i>Cemeterial</i> cells." <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Cemetery</h1>
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<hw>Cem"e*ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cemeteries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>cemeterium</ets>, Gr. <?/ a sleeping chamber, burial place, fr. <?/ to put to sleep.]</ety> <def>A place or ground set apart for the burial of the dead; a graveyard; a churchyard; a necropolis.</def>

<h1>Cenanthy</h1>
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<hw>Ce*nan"thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ empty + <?/ a flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The absence or suppression of the essential organs (stamens and pistil) in a flower.</def>

<h1>Cenation</h1>
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<hw>Ce*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cenatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Meal-taking; dining or supping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Cenatory</h1>
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<hw>Cen"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cenatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>cenare</ets> to dine, sup, fr. <ets>cena</ets>, <ets>coena</ets>, dinner, supper.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to dinner or supper.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Romans washed, were anointed, and wore a <b>cenatory</b> garment.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cenobite</h1>
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<hw>Cen"o*bite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coenobita</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ common + <?/ life: cf. F. <ets>c\'82nobite</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of a religious order, dwelling in a convent, or a community, in opposition to an anchoret, or hermit, who lives in solitude.</def>

<i>Gibbon.</i>

<h1>Cenobitic, Cenobitical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cen`o*bit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cen`o*bit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>c\'82nobitique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a cenobite.</def>

<h1>Cenobitism</h1>
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<hw>Cen"o*bi*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a cenobite; the belief or practice of a cenobite.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Cenogamy</h1>
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<hw>Ce*nog"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ common + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <def>The state of a communty which permits promiseuous sexual intercourse among its members, as in certain societies practicing communism.</def>

<h1>Cenotaph</h1>
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<hw>Cen"o*taph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ empty + <?/ burial, tomb: cf. F. <ets>c\'82notaphe</ets>.]</ety> <def>An empty tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person who is buried elsewhere.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>cenotaph</b> in Westminster Abbey.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cenotaphy</h1>
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<hw>Cen"o*taph`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cenotaph.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lord Cobham honored him with a <b>cenotaphy</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cenozoic</h1>
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<hw>Ce`no*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ recent + <?/ life.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the most recent division of geological time, including the tertiary, or Age of mammals, and the Quaternary, or Age of man. <altsp>[Written also <asp>c\'91nozoic</asp>, <asp>cainozoic</asp>, <asp>kainozoic</asp>.]</altsp> See <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; This word is used by many authors as synonymous with <i>Tertiary</i>, the Quaternary Age not being included.</note>

<h1>Cense</h1>
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<hw>Cense</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cense</ets>, F. <ets>cens</ets>, L. <ets>census</ets>. See <er>Census</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A census; -- also, a public rate or tax.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell. Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Condition; rank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Cense</h1>
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<hw>Cense</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Censed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Censing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Abbrev. from <ets>incense</ets>.]</ety> <def>To perfume with odors from burning gums and spices.</def>

<blockquote>The Salii sing and <b>cense</b> his altars round.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cense</h1>
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<hw>Cense</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To burn or scatter incense.</def>

<h1>Censer</h1>
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<hw>Cen"ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>incenser</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>encensier</ets>, F. <ets>encensoir</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>incensarium</ets>, <ets>incensorium</ets>, fr. L. <ets>incensum</ets> incense. See <er>Incense</er>, and cf. <er>Incensory</er>.]</ety> <def>A vessel for perfumes; esp. one in which incense is burned.</def>

<note>&hand; The ecclesiastical censer is usually cup-shaped, has a cover pierced with holes, and is hung by chains. The censer bearer swings it to quicken the combustion.</note>

<blockquote>Her thoughts are like the fume of frankincense
Which from a golden <b>censer</b> forth doth rise.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Censor</h1>
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<hw>Cen"sor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>censor</ets>, fr. <ets>censere</ets> to value, tax.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>One of two magistrates of Rome who took a register of the number and property of citizens, and who also exercised the office of inspector of morals and conduct.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is empowered to examine manuscripts before they are committed to the press, and to forbid their publication if they contain anything obnoxious; -- an official in some European countries.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One given to fault-finding; a censurer.</def>

<blockquote>Nor can the most circumspect attention, or steady rectitude, escape blame from <b>censors</b> who have no inclination to approve.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A critic; a reviewer.</def>

<blockquote>Received with caution by the <b>censors</b> of the press.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Censorial</h1>
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<hw>Cen*so"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to a censor, or to the correction of public morals.</def>

<i>Junius.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Full of censure; censorious.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>censorial</b> declamation of Juvenal.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Censorian</h1>
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<hw>Cen*so"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Censorial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Censorious</h1>
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<hw>Cen*so"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>censorius</ets> pertaining to the censor. See <er>Censor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Addicted to censure; apt to blame or condemn; severe in making remarks on others, or on their writings or manners.</def>

<blockquote>A dogmatical spirit inclines a man to be <b>consorious</b> of his neighbors.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Implying or expressing censure; <as>as, <ex>censorious</ex> remarks</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Fault-finding; carping; caviling; captious; severe; condemnatory; hypercritical.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Cen*so"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Cen*so"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Censorship</h1>
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<hw>Cen"sor*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or power of a censor; <as>as, to stand for a <ex>censorship</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<blockquote>The press was not indeed at that moment under a general <b>censorship</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Censual</h1>
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<hw>Cen"su*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>censualis</ets>, fr. <ets>census</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to, or containing, a census.</def>

<blockquote>He caused the whole realm to be described in a <b>censual</b> roll.
<i>Sir R. Baker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Censurable</h1>
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<hw>Cen"sur*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deserving of censure; blamable; culpable; reprehensible; <as>as, a <ex>censurable</ex> person, or <ex>censurable</ex> conduct</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Cen"sur*a*bleness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Cen"sur*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Censure</h1>
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<hw>Cen"sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>censura</ets> fr. <ets>censere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>censure</ets>. Cf. <er>Censor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Judgment either favorable or unfavorable; opinion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Take each man's <b>censure</b>, but reserve thy judgment.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of blaming or finding fault with and condemning as wrong; reprehension; blame.</def>

<blockquote>Both the <b>censure</b> and the praise were merited.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Judicial or ecclesiastical sentence or reprimand; condemnatory judgment.</def>

<blockquote>Excommunication or other <b>censure</b> of the church.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Blame; reproof; condemnation; reprobation; disapproval; disapprobation; reprehension; animadversion; reprimand; reflection; dispraise; abuse.</syn>

<h1>Censure</h1>
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<hw>Cen"sure</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Censured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Censuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ensurer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form or express a judgment in regard to; to estimate; to judge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Should I say more, you might well <i>censure</i> me a flatterer."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To find fault with and condemn as wrong; to blame; to express disapprobation of.</def>

<blockquote>I may be <b>censured</b> that nature thus gives way to loyalty.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To condemn or reprimand by a judicial or ecclesiastical sentence.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To blame; reprove; rebuke; condemn; reprehend; reprimand.</syn>

<h1>Censure</h1>
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<hw>Cen"sure</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To judge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Censurer</h1>
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<hw>Cen"sur*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who censures.</def>

<i>Sha.</i>

<h1>Census</h1>
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<hw>Cen"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>census</ets>, fr. <ets>censere</ets>. See <er>Censor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A numbering of the people, and valuation of their estate, for the purpose of imposing taxes, etc.; -- usually made once in five years.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An official registration of the number of the people, the value of their estates, and other general statistics of a country.</def>

<note>&hand; A general census of the United States was first taken in 1790, and one has been taken at the end of every ten years since.</note>

<h1>Cent</h1>
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<hw>Cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<tt>F. cent hundred, L. centum. See</tt> <er>Hundred</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hundred; <as>as, ten per <ex>cent</ex>, the proportion of ten parts in a hundred</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A United States coin, the hundredth part of a dollar, formerly made of copper, now of copper, tin, and zinc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An old game at cards, supposed to be like piquet; -- so called because 100 points won the game.</def>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Centage</h1>
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<hw>Cent"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rate by the hundred; percentage.</def>

<h1>Cental</h1>
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<hw>Cen"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centum</ets> a hundred.]</ety> <def>A weight of one hundred pounds avoirdupois; -- called in many parts of the United States a <i>Hundredweight</i>.</def>

<h1>Cental</h1>
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<hw>Cen"tal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Relating to a hundred.</def>

<cs><col>Cental system</col>, <cd>the method of buying and selling by the cental, or hundredweight.</cd></cs>

<h1>Centare</h1>
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<hw>Cen"tare`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>centiare</ets>; <ets>centi</ets>- (L. <ets>centum</ets>) + <ets>-are</ets>.]</ety> <def>A measure of area, the hundredth part of an are; one square meter, or about 1<frac15/ square yards.</def>

<h1>Centaur</h1>
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<hw>Cen"taur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centaurus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A fabulous being, represented as half man and half horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A constellation in the southern heavens between Hydra and the Southern Cross.</def>

<h1>Centaurea</h1>
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<hw>Cen`tau*re"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Centaury</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large genus of composite plants, related to the thistles and including the cornflower or bluebottle (<spn>Centaurea Cyanus</spn>) and the star thistle (<spn>C. Calcitrapa</spn>).</def>

<h1>Centaury</h1>
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<hw>Cen"tau*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centaureum</ets> and <ets>centauria</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, and <?/, fr. the Centaur Chiron.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A gentianaceous plant not fully identified. The name is usually given to the <spn>Eryther\'91a Centaurium</spn> and the <spn>Chlora perfoliata</spn> of Europe, but is also extended to the whole genus <spn>Sabbatia</spn>, and even to the unrelated <spn>Centaurea</spn>.</def>

<h1>Centenarian</h1>
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<hw>Cen`te*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to a hundred years.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A person a hundred years old.</def></def2>

<h1>Centenary</h1>
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<hw>Cen"te*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centenarius</ets>, fr. <ets>centum</ets> a hundred.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to, or consisting of, a hundred.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Occurring once in every hundred years; centennial.</def> "<i>Centenary</i> solemnities."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Centenary</h1>
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<hw>Cen"te*na*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Centenaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The aggregate of a hundred single things; specifically, a century.</def> "Every <i>centenary</i> of years."

<i>Hakewill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A commemoration or celebration of an event which occurred a hudred years before.</def>

<h1>Centennial</h1>
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<hw>Cen*ten"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centum</ets> a hundred + <ets>annus</ets> year.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to, or associated with, the commemoration of an event that happened a hundred years before; <as>as, a <ex>centennial</ex> ode</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Happening once in a hundred years; <as>as, <ex>centennial</ex> jubilee; a <ex>centennial</ex> celebration.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lasting or aged a hundred years.</def>

<blockquote>Thet opened through long lines
Of sacred ilex and <b>centennial</b> pines.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Centennial</h1>
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<hw>Cen*ten"ni*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The celebration of the hundredth anniversary of any event; a centenary.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Centennially</h1>
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<hw>Cen*ten"ni*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Once in a hundred years.</def>

<h1>Center</h1>
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<hw>Cen"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>centre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>centrum</ets>, fr. round which a circle is described, fr. <?/ to prick, goad.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A point equally distant from the extremities of a line, figure, or body, or from all parts of the circumference of a circle; the middle point or place.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The middle or central portion of anything.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A principal or important point of concentration; the nucleus around which things are gathered or to which they tend; an object of attention, action, or force; <as>as, a <ex>center</ex> of attaction</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The earth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Those members of a legislative assembly (as in France) who support the existing government. They sit in the middle of the legislative chamber, opposite the presiding officer, between the conservatives or monarchists, who sit on the right of the speaker, and the radicals or advanced republicans who occupy the seats on his left, See <er>Right</er>, and <er>Left</er>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A temporary structure upon which the materials of a vault or arch are supported in position util the work becomes self-supporting.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the two conical steel pins, in a lathe, etc., upon which the work is held, and about which it revolves.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A conical recess, or indentation, in the end of a shaft or other work, to receive the point of a center, on which the work can turn, as in a lathe.</def>

<note>&hand; In a lathe the <col>live center</col> is in the spindle of the head stock; the <col>dead center</col> is on the tail stock. <col>Planer centers</col> are stocks carrying centers, when the object to be planed must be turned on its axis.</note>

<cs><col>Center of an army</col>, <cd>the body or troops ossupying the place in the line between the wings.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Center of a curve</col> &or; <col>surface</col></mcol> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A point such that every line drawn through the point and terminated by the curve or surface is bisected at the point.<cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The fixed point of reference in polar co\'94rdinates. See <er>Co\'94rdinates</er>.</cd> -- <col>Center of curvature of a curve</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the center of that circle which has at any given point of the curve closer contact with the curve than has any other circle whatever. See <er>Circle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Center of a fleet</col>, <cd>the division or column between the van and rear, or between the weather division and the lee.</cd> -- <col>Center of gravity</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>that point of a body about which all its parts can be balanced, or which being supported, the whole body will remain at rest, though acted upon by gravity.</cd> -- <col>Center of gyration</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>that point in a rotating body at which the whole mass might be concentrated (theoretically) without altering the resistance of the intertia of the body to angular acceleration or retardaton.</cd> -- <col>Center of inertia</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the center of gravity of a body or system of bodies.</cd> -- <col>Center of motion</col>, <cd>the point which remains at rest, while all the other parts of a body move round it.</cd> -- <col>Center of oscillation</col>, <cd>the point at which, if the whole matter of a suspended body were collected, the time of oscillation would be the same as it is in the actual form and state of the body.</cd> -- <col>Center of percussion</col>, <cd>that point in a body moving about a fixed axis at which it may strike an obstacle without communicating a shock to the axis.</cd> -- <col>Center of pressure</col> <fld>(Hydros.)</fld>, <cd>that point in a surface pressed by a fluid, at which, if a force equal to the whole pressure and in the same line be applied in a contrary direction, it will balance or counteract the whole pressure of the fluid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Center, Centre</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw><hw>Cen"ter</hw>, <hw>Cen"tre</hw><hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Centered</er> or <er>Centred</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Centering</er> or <er>Centring</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be placed in a center; to be central.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be collected to a point; to be concentrated; to rest on, or gather about, as a center.</def>

<blockquote>Where there is no visible truth wherein to <b>center</b>, error is as wide as men's fancies.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our hopes must <b>center</b> in ourselves alone.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Center, Centre</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw><hw>Cen"ter</hw> , <hw>Cen"tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place or fix in the center or on a central point.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To collect to a point; to concentrate.</def>

<blockquote>Thy joys are <b>centered</b> all in me alome.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>To form a recess or indentation for the reception of a center.</def>

<h1>Centerbit, Centrebit</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw><hw>Cen"ter*bit`</hw>, <hw>Cen"tre*bit`</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instrument turning on a center, for boring holes. See <er>Bit</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Centerboard, Centreboard</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw><hw>Cen"ter*board`</hw>, <hw>Cen"tre*board</hw>,<hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A movable or sliding keel formed of a broad board or slab of wood or metal which may be raised into a water-tight case amidships, when in shallow water, or may be lowered to increase the area of lateral resistance and prevent leeway when the vessel is beating to windward. It is used in vessels of all sizes along the coast of the United States</def>

<h1>Centerfire cartridge</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen"ter*fire` car"tridge</hw>. <def>See under <er>Cartridge</er>.</def>

<h1>Centering</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen"ter*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Center</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 6.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>centring</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Centerpiece, Centrepiece</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw><hw>Cen"ter*piece`</hw>, <hw>Cen"tre*piece`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An ornament to be placed in the center, as of a table, ceiling, atc.; a central article or figure.</def>

<h1>Centesimal</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen*tes"i*mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centesimus</ets> the hundredth, fr. <ets>centum</ets> a hundred: cf. F. <ets>cent\'82simal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hundredth.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A hundredth part.</def></def2>

<blockquote>The neglect of a few <b>centesimals</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Centesimation</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen*tes`i*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centesimore</ets> to take out or select every hudredth, fr. <ets>centesimus</ets> hundredth.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The infliction of the death penalty upon one person in every hundred, as in cases of mutiny.</def>

<-- "centesm" out of order in original -- some error. = centesim?-->

<h1>Centesm</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen"tesm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centesima</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hundredth.</def>

<h1>Centesimo</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen*tes"i*mo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-mi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[It. & Sp.]</ety> <def>A copper coin of Italy and Spain equivalent to a centime.</def>

<h1>Centiare</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen"ti*are`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <ets>Centare</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>centare</er>.</def>

<h1>Centicipitous</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen`ti*cip"i*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centiceps</ets>, <ets>-cipitis</ets>; <ets>centum</ets> a hunder + <ets>caput</ets> head.]</ety> <def>Hundred-headed.</def>

<h1>Centifidous</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen*tif"i*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centifidus</ets>; <ets>centum + findere</ets> to split.]</ety> <def>Divided into a hundred parts.</def>

<h1>Centifolious</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen`ti*fo"li*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centifolius</ets>; <ets>centum + folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <def>Having a hundred leaves.</def>

<h1>Centigrade</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen"ti*grade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centum</ets> a hundred + <ets>gradus</ets> degree: cf. F. <ets>centigrade</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of a hundred degrees; graduated into a hundred divisions or equal parts. Spesifically: of or pertaining the centigrade thermometer; <as>as, 10\'f8 <ex>centigrade</ex> (or 10\'f8 <i>C</i></as>.).</def>

<cs><col>Centigrade thermometer</col>, <cd>a thermometer having the zero or 0 at the point indicating the freezing state of water, and the distance between that and the point indicating the boiling state of water divided into one hundred degrees. It is called also the <altname>Celsius thermometer</altname>, from Anders Celsius, the originator of this scale.</cd></cs>

<h1>Centigram, Centigramme</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw><hw>Cen"ti*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cen"ti*gramme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>centigramme</ets>; <ets>centi-</ets> (L. <ets>centum</ets>) + <ets>gramme</ets>.  See <er>Gram</er>.]</ety> <def>The hundredth part of a gram; a weight equal to .15432 of a grain. See <er>Gram</er>.</def>

<h1>Centiliter, Centilitre</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw><hw>Cen"ti*li`ter</hw>, <hw>Cen"ti*li`tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>centilitre</ets>; <ets>centi</ets> (L. <ets>centum</ets>) + <ets>litre</ets>. See <er>Liter</er>.]</ety> <def>The hundredth part of a liter; a measure of volume or capacity equal to a little more than six tenths (0.6102) of a cubic inch, or one third (0.338) of a fluid ounce.</def>

<h1>Centiloquy</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen*til"o*quy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centum</ets> hundred + <ets>logui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>A work divided into a hundred parts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Centime</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen`time"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>centesimus</ets>. See <er>Centesimal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(F. Coinage)</fld> <def>The hundredth part of a franc; a small French copper coin and money of account.</def>

<h1>Centimeter, Centimetre</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw><hw>Cen"ti*me`ter</hw>, <hw>Cen"ti*me`tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>centim\'8atre</ets>; <ets>centi-</ets> (L. <ets>centum</ets>) + <ets>m\'8atre</ets>. See <er>Meter</er>.]</ety> <def>The hundredth part of a meter; a measure of length equal to rather more than thirty-nine hundredths (0.3937) of an inch. See <er>Meter</er>.</def>

<h1>Centinel</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen"ti*nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sentinel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sackville.</i>

<h1>Centinody</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen*tin"o*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centum</ets> a hundred + <ets>nodus</ets> knot: cf. F. <ets>centinode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A weed with a sterm of many joints (<spn>Illecebrum verticillatum</spn>); also, the <spn>Polygonum aviculare</spn> or knotgrass.</def>

<h1>Centiped</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen"ti*ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centipeda</ets>; <ets>centum</ets> a hundred + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot: cf. F. <ets>centip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of the <spn>Myriapoda</spn>; esp. the large, flattened, venomous kinds of the order Chilopoda, found in tropical climates. they are many-jointed, and have a great number of feet.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>centipede</asp> (<?/).]</altsp>

<h1>Centistere</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen"ti*stere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>centist\'8are</ets>; <ets>centi-</ets> (l. <ets>centum</ets>) + <ets>st\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>The hundredth part of a stere, equal to .353 cubic feet.</def>

<h1>Centner</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cent"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>centner</ets> a hundred-weight, fr. L. <ets>centenarius</ets> of a hundred, fr. <ets>centum</ets> a hundred.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Metal. & Assaying)</fld> <def>A weight divisible first into a hundred parts, and then into smaller parts.</def>

<note>&hand; The metallurgists use a weight divided into a hundred equal parts, each one pound; the whole they call a <i>centner</i>: the pound is divided into thirty-two parts, or half ounces; the half ounce into two quarters; and each of these into two drams.  But the assayers use different weights. With them a <i>centner</i> is one dram, to which the other parts are proportioned.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The commercial hundredweight in several of the continental countries, varying in different places from 100 to about 112 pounds.</def>

<h1>Cento</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Centos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>cento</ets> a garment of several pieces sewed together, patchwork, a poem made up of various verses of another poem.]</ety> <def>A literary or a musical composition formed by selections from different authors disposed in a new order.</def>

<h1>Centonism</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen"to*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The composition of a cento; the act or practice of composing a cento or centos.</def>

<h1>Central</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centralis</ets>, fr. <ets>centrum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>central</ets>. See <er>Center</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to the center; situated in or near the center or middle; containing the center; of or pertaining to the parts near the center\'3c-- original had "or of.." --\'3e; equidistant or equally accessible from certain points.</def>

<cs><col>Central force</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a force acting upon a body towards or away from a fixed or movable center.</cd> -- <col>Center sun</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to a hypothetical body about which M\'84dler supposed the solar system together with all the stars in the Milky Way, to be revolving. A point near Alcyone in the Pleiades was supposed to possess characteristics of the position of such a body.</cd></cs>

<h1>Central, Centrale</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw><hw>Cen"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cen*tra"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>centrale</ets>, fr. L. <ets>centralis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The central, or one of the central, bones of the carpus or or tarsus. In the tarsus of man it is represented by the navicular.</def>

<h1>Centralism</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen"tral*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or condition of being central; the combination of several parts into one whole; centralization.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The system by which power is centralized, as in a government.</def>

<h1>Centrality</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen*tral"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Centralities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The state of being central; tendency towards a center.</def>

<blockquote>Meantime there is a great <b>centrality</b>, a centripetence equal to the centrifugence.
<i>R. W. Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Centralization</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen`tral*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>centralisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of centralizing, or the state of being centralized; the act or process of combining or reducing several parts into a whole; <as>as, the <ex>centralization</ex> of power in the general government; the <ex>centralization</ex> of commerce in a city.</as></def>

<h1>Centralize</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen"tral*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Centralized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Centralizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>centraliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To draw or bring to a center point; to gather into or about a center; to bring into one system, or under one control.</def>

<blockquote>[To] <b>centralize</b> the power of government.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Centrally</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen"tral*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a central manner or situation.</def>

<h1>Centre</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Center</er>.</def>

<h1>Centric, Centrical</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw><hw>Cen"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cen"tric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Placed in the center or middle; central.</def>

<blockquote>At York or some other <b>centrical</b> place.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Cen"tric*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Cen"tric*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Centricity</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen*tric"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being centric; centricalness.</def>

<h1>Centrifugal</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen*trif"u*gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centrum</ets> center + <ets>fugere</ets> to flee.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tending, or causing, to recede from the center.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Expanding first at the summit, and later at the base, as a flower cluster.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having the radicle turned toward the sides of the fruit, as some embryos.</def>

<cs><col>Centrifugal force</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a force whose direction is from a center.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; When a body moves in a circle with uniform velocity, a force must act on the body to keep it in the circle without change of velocity. The direction of this force is towards the center of the circle. If this force is applied by means of a string to the body, the string will be in a state of tension. To a person holding the other end of the string, this tension will appear to be directed toward the body as if the body had a tendency to move away from the center of the circle which it is describing. Hence this latter force is often called <i>centrifugal force</i>. The force which really acts on the body being directed towards the center of the circle is called <i>centripetal force</i>, and in some popular treatises the centripetal and centrifugal forces are described as opposing and balancing each other. But they are merely the different aspects of the same stress.</note>

<i>Clerk Maxwell.</i>

<cs><col>Centrifugal impression</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>an impression (motor) sent from a nerve center <i>outwards<i> to a muscle or muscles by which motion is produced.</cd> -- <col>Centrifugal machine</col>, <cd>A machine for expelling water or other fluids from moist substances, or for separating liquids of different densities by centrifugal action; a whirling table.</cd> -- <col>Centrifugal pump</col>, <cd>a machine in which water or other fluid is lifted and discharged through a pipe by the energy imparted by a wheel or blades revolving in a fixed case. Some of the largest and most powerful pumps are of this kind.</cd></cs>

<h1>Centrifugal</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen*trif"u*gal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A centrifugal machine.</def>

<h1>Centrifugence</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen*trif"u*gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The property or quality of being centrifugal.</def>

<i>R. W. Emerson.</i>

<h1>Centring</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen"tring</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Centring</er>.</def>

<h1>Centripetal</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen*trip"e*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centrum</ets> center + <ets>peter</ets> to more toward.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tending, or causing, to approach the center.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> Expanding first at the base of the inflorescence, and proceeding in order towards the summit. <sd>(b)</sd> Having the radicle turned toward the axis of the fruit, as some embryos.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Progressing by changes from the exterior of a thing toward its center; <as>as, the <ex>centripetal</ex> calcification of a bone</as>.</def>

<i>R. Owen.</i>

<cs><col>Centripetal force</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a force whose direction is towards a center, as in case of a planet revolving round the sun, the center of the system, See <cref>Centrifugal force</cref>, under <er>Centrifugal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Centripetal impression</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>an impression (sensory) transmitted by an afferent nerve from the exterior of the body <i>inwards<i>, to the central organ.</cd></cs>

<h1>Centripetence</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen*trip"e*tence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Centripetency.</def>

<h1>Centripetency</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen*trip"e*ten*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Tendency toward the center.</def>

<h1>Centriscoid</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen*tris"coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Centriscus</ets> (r. Gr. <?/ a kind of fish) + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Allied to, or resembling, the genus <spn>Centriscus</spn>, of which the bellows fish is an example.</def>

<h1>Centrobaric</h1>
<Xpage=230>

<hw>Cen`tro*bar"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. (<?/) <?/ a treatise of Archimedes on finding the center of gravity, fr. <?/ gravitating toward the center; <?/ center + <?/ weight.]</ety> <def>Relating to the center of gravity, or to the process of finding it.</def>

<cs><col>Centrobaric method</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a process invented for the purpose of measuring the area or the volume generated by the rotation of a line or surface about a fixed axis, depending upon the principle that every figure formed by the revolution of a line or surface about such an axis has for measure the product of the line or surface by the length of the path of its center of gravity; -- sometimes called <altname>theorem of Pappus</altname>, also, incorrectly, <altname>Guldinus's properties</altname>. See <cref>Barycentric calculus</cref>, under <er>Calculus</er>.</cd></cs>

<-- p. 233  -->

<h1>Centrode</h1>
<Xpage=233>

<hw>Cen"trode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Kinematics)</fld> <def>In two figures having relative motion, one of the two curves which are the loci of the instantaneous center.</def>

<h1>Centroid</h1>
<Xpage=233>

<hw>Cen"troid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centrum</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>The center of mass, inertia, or gravity of a body or system of bodies.</def>

<h1>Centrolecithal</h1>
<Xpage=233>

<hw>Cen`tro*lec"i*thal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ center + <?/ yolk of an egg.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having the food yolk placed at the center of the ovum, segmentation being either regular or unequal.</def>

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Centrolinead</h1>
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<hw>Cen`tro*lin"e*ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instrument for drawing lines through a point, or lines converging to a center.</def>

<h1>Centrolineal</h1>
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<hw>Cen`tro*lin"e*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centrum</ets> + <ets>linea</ets> line.]</ety> <def>Converging to a center; -- applied to lines drawn so as to meet in a point or center.</def>

<h1>Centrosome</h1>
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<hw>Cen"tro*some`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ center + -<?/ the body.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A peculiar rounded body lying near the nucleus of a cell. It is regarded as the dynamic element by means of which the machinery of cell division is organized.</def>

<h1>Centrostaltic</h1>
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<hw>Cen`tro*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ center + <?/ checking.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A term applied to the action of nerve force in the spinal center.</def>

<i>Marshall Hall.</i>

<h1>Centrum</h1>
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<hw>Cen"trum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Centrums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Centra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., center.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The body, or axis, of a vertebra. See <er>Vertebra</er>.</def>

<h1>Centry</h1>
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<hw>Cen"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Sentry</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Centumvir</h1>
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<hw>Cen*tum"vir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Centumviri</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>centum</ets> hundred + <ets>Vir</ets> man.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a court of about one hundred judges chosen to try civil suits. Under the empire the court was increased to 180, and met usually in four sections.</def>

<h1>Centumviral</h1>
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<hw>Cen*tum"vi*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centumvitalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the centumviri, or to a centumvir.</def>

<h1>Centumvirate</h1>
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<hw>Cen*tum"vi*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>centumvirat</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office of a centumvir, or of the centumviri.</def>

<h1>Centuple</h1>
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<hw>Cen"tu*ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centuplex</ets>; <ets>centum + plicare</ets> to fold; cf. F. <ets>centuple</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hundredfold.</def>

<h1>Centuple</h1>
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<hw>Cen"tu*ple</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To increase a hundredfold.</def>

<h1>Centuplicate</h1>
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<hw>Cen*tu"pli*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Centuplicated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Centuplicating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>centuplicare</ets>. See <er>Centuple</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To make a hundredfold; to repeat a hundred times.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Centurial</h1>
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<hw>Cen*tu"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Century</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a century; <as>as, a <ex>centurial</ex> sermon</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Centuriate</h1>
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<hw>Cen*tu"ri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centuriatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>centuriare</ets> to divide (men) into centuries.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or divided into, centuries or hundreds.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Centuriate</h1>
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<hw>Cen*tu"ri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>century</er>.]</ety> <def>To divide into hundreds.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Centuriator, Centurist</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cen*tu"ri*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cen"tu*rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>centuriateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>An historian who distinguishes time by centuries, esp. one of those who wrote the "Magdeburg Centuries." See under <er>Century</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Centurion</h1>
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<hw>Cen*tu"ri*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>centurio</ets>, fr. <ets>centuria</ets>; cf. F. <ets>centurion</ets>. See <er>Century</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Hist.)</fld> <def>A military officer who commanded a minor division of the Roman army; a captain of a century.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>centurion</b> of the hand called the Italian band.
<i>Acts x. 1.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Century</h1>
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<hw>Cen"tu*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Centuries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>centuria</ets> (in senses 1 & 3), fr. <ets>centum</ets> a hundred: cf. F. <ets>centurie</ets>. See <er>Cent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hundred; <as>as, a <ex>century</ex> of sonnets</as>; an aggregate of a hundred things.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>

<blockquote>And on it said a <b>century</b> of prayers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A period of a hundred years; <as>as, this event took place over two <ex>centuries</ex> ago</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Century</i>, in the reckoning of time, although often used in a general way of any series of hundred consecutive years (as, a <i>century</i> of temperance work), usually signifies a division of the Christian era, consisting of a period of one hundred years ending with the hundredth year from which it is named; as, the <i>first century</i> (<er>a</er>. <er>d</er>. 1-100 inclusive); the <i>seventh century</i> (<er>a</er>.<er>d</er>. 601-700); the <i>eighteenth century</i> (<er>a</er>.<er>d</er>. 1701-1800). With words or phrases connecting it with some other system of chronology it is used of similar division of those eras; as, the <i>first century</i> of Rome (A.U.C.  1-100).</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A division of the Roman people formed according to their property, for the purpose of voting for civil officers.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of sixty companies into which a legion of the army was divided. It was Commanded by a centurion.</def>

<cs><col>Century plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the <spn>Agave Americana</spn>, formerly supposed to flower but once in a century; -- hence the name. See <er>Agave</er>.</cd> -- <col>The Magdeburg Centuries</col>, <cd>an ecclesiastical history of the first thirteen centuries, arranged in thirteen volumes, compiled in the 16th century by Protestant scholars at Magdeburg.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cepevorous</h1>
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<hw>Ce*pev"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cepa</ets> an onion + <ets>varare</ets> to devour.]</ety> <def>Feeding upon onions.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sterling.</i>

<h1>Cephalad</h1>
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<hw>Ceph"a*lad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ head + L. <ets>ad</ets> toward.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Forwards; towards the head or anterior extremity of the body; opposed to <i>caudad</i>.</def>

<h1>Cephalalgia, Cephalalgy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ceph`a*lal"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ceph"a*lal`gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cephalalgia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ pain: cf. F. <ets>c\'82phalalgie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pain in the head; headache.</def>

<h1>Cephalalgic</h1>
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<hw>Ceph`a*lal"gic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cephalalgicus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or affected with, headache.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A remedy for the headache.</def></def2>

<h1>Cephalanthium</h1>
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<hw>Ceph`a*lan"thi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Anthodium</er>.</def>

<h1>Cephalaspis</h1>
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<hw>Ceph`a*las"pis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ head + <?/ a shield.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of fossil ganoid fishes found in the old red sandstone or Devonian formation. The head is large, and protected by a broad shield-shaped helmet prolonged behind into two lateral points.</def>

<h1>Cephalata</h1>
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<hw>Ceph`a*la"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large division of Mollusca, including all except the bivalves; -- so called because the head is distinctly developed. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Cephalate</h1>
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<hw>Ceph"a*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a head.</def>

<h1>Cephalic</h1>
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<hw>Ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cephalicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ head: cf. F. <ets>c\'82phalique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the head. See the Note under <er>Anterior</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Cephalic index</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the ratio of the breadth of the cranium to the length, which is taken as the standard, and equal to 100; the breadth index.</cd> -- <col>Cephalic vein</col>, <cd>a large vein running from the back of the head alond the arm; -- so named because the ancients used to open it for disorders of the head.</cd></cs>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Cephalic</h1>
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<hw>Ce*pha"lic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine for headache, or other disorder in the head.</def>

<h1>Cephalitis</h1>
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<hw>Ceph`a*li"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ head + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Phrenitis</er>.</def>

<h1>Cephalization</h1>
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<hw>Ceph`a*li*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Domination of the head in animal life as expressed in the physical structure; localization of important organs or parts in or near the head, in animal development.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Cephalo</h1>
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<hw>Ceph"a*lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ head.]</ety> <def>A combining form denoting <i>the head</i>, <i>of the head</i>, <i>connected with the head</i>; <as>as, <ex>cephalo</ex>some, <ex>cephalo</ex>pod</as>.</def>

<h1>Cephalocercal</h1>
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<hw>Ceph`a*lo*cer"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cephalo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Relating to the long axis of the body.</def>

<h1>Cephaloid</h1>
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<hw>Ceph"a*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cephalo-</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like the head.</def>

<i>Craing.</i>

<h1>Cephalology</h1>
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<hw>Ceph`a*lol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cephalo-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the head.</def>

<h1>Cephalomere</h1>
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<hw>Ceph"a*lo*mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cephalo-</ets> + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the somites (arthromeres) which make up the head of arthropods.</def>

<i>Packard.</i>

<h1>Cephalometer</h1>
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<hw>Ceph`a*lom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cephalo-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument measuring the dimensions of the head of a fetus during delivery.</def>

<h1>Cephalon</h1>
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<hw>Ceph"a*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The head.</def>

<h1>Cephalophora</h1>
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<hw>Ceph`a*loph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ head + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cephalata.</def>

<h1>Cephalopod, Cephalopode</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ceph"a*lo*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ceph"a*lo*pode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Cephalopoda.</def>

<h1>Cephalopoda</h1>
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<hw>Ceph"`a*lop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., gr. Gr. <?/ head + <ets>-poda</ets>: cf. F. <ets>c\'82phalopode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The highest class of Mollusca.</def>

<note>&hand; They have, around the front of the head, a group of elongated muscular arms, which are usually furnished with prehensile suckers or hooks, The head is highly developed, with large, well organized eyes and ears, and usually with a cartilaginous brain case. The higher forms, as the cuttlefishes, squids, and octopi, swim rapidly by ejecting a jet of water from the tubular siphon beneath the head. They have a pair of powerful horny jaws shaped like a parrot's beak, and a bag of inklike fluid which they can eject from the siphon, thus clouding the water in order to escape from their enemies. They are divided into two orders, the Dibranchiata, having two gills and eight or ten sucker-bearing arms, and the Tetrabranchiata, with four gills and numerous arms without suckers. The latter are all extinct except the <i>Nautilus</i>. See <er>Octopus</er>, <er>Squid</er>, <er>Nautilus</er>.</note>

<h1>Cephalopodic, Cephalopodous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ceph`a*lo*pod"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ceph`a*lop"o*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, the cephalopods.</def>

<h1>Cephaloptera</h1>
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<hw>Ceph`a*lop"te*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ head + <?/ wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the generic names of the gigantic ray (<spn>Manta birostris</spn>), known as <i>devilfish</i> and <i>sea devil</i>. It is common on the coasts of South Carolina, Florida, and farther south. Some of them grow to enormous size, becoming twenty feet of more across the body, and weighing more than a ton.</def>

<h1>Cephalosome</h1>
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<hw>Ceph"a*lo*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cephalo-</ets> + <ets>-some</ets> body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The anterior region or head of insects and other arthropods.</def>

<i>Packard.</i>

<h1>Cephalostyle</h1>
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<hw>Ceph"a*lo*style</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cephalo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a pillar.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The anterior end of the notochord and its bony sheath in the base of cartilaginous crania.</def>

<h1>Cephalothorax</h1>
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<hw>Ceph`a*lo*tho"rax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cephalo-</ets> + <ets>thorax</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The anterior portion of any one of the Arachnida and higher Crustacea, consisting of the united head and thorax.</def>

<h1>Cephalotome</h1>
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<hw>Ceph"a*lo*tome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cephalo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument for cutting into the fetal head, to facilitate delivery.</def>

<h1>Cephalotomy</h1>
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<hw>Ceph`a*lot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dissection or opening of the head.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Craniotomy; -- usually applied to bisection of the fetal head with a saw.</def>

<h1>Cephalotribe</h1>
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<hw>Ceph"a*lo*tribe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cephalo-</ets> + Gr. to rub, grind.]</ety> <def>An obstetrical instrument for performing cephalotripsy.</def>

<h1>Cephalotripsy</h1>
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<hw>Ceph"a*lo*trip`sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cephalotribe</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act or operation of crushing the head of a fetus in the womb in order to effect delivery.</def>

<h1>Cephalotrocha</h1>
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<hw>Ceph`a*lot"ro*cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ head + <?/ wheel.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of annelid larva with a circle of cilia around the head.</def>

<h1>Cephalous</h1>
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<hw>Ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a head; -- applied chiefly to the Cephalata, a division of mollusks.</def>

<h1>Cepheus</h1>
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<hw>Ce"pheus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>(Astron.) A northern constellation near the pole. Its head, which is in the Milky Way, is marked by a triangle formed by three stars of the fourth magnitude. See <er>Cassiopeia</er>.</def>

<h1>Ceraceous</h1>
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<hw>Ce*ra"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cera</ets> wax.]</ety> <def>Having the texture and color of new wax; like wax; waxy.</def>

<h1>Cerago</h1>
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<hw>Ce*ra"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cera</ets> wax.]</ety> <def>Beebread.</def>

<h1>Ceramic</h1>
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<hw>Ce*ram"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ earthenware. Cf. <er>Keramic</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to pottery; relating to the art of making earthenware; <as>as, <ex>ceramic</ex> products; <ex>ceramic</ex> ornaments for ceilings.</as></def>

<h1>Ceramics</h1>
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<hw>Ce*ram"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ceramic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of making things of baked clay; as pottery, tiles, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Work formed of clay in whole or in part, and baked; <as>as, vases, urns, etc.</as></def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Cerargyrite</h1>
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<hw>Ce*rar"gy*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ horn + <?/ silver.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native silver chloride, a mineral of a white to pale yellow or gray color, darkening on exposure to the light. It may be cut by a knife, like lead or horn (hence called <i>horn silver</i>).</def>

<h1>Cerasin</h1>
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<hw>Cer"a*sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white amorphous substance, the insoluble part of cherry gum; -- called also <altname>meta-arabinic acid</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A gummy mucilaginous substance; -- called also <altname>bassorin</altname>, <altname>tragacanthin</altname>, etc.</def>

<h1>Cerasinous</h1>
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<hw>Ce*ras"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, cerasin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of a cherry color.</def>

<h1>Cerastes</h1>
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<hw>Ce*ras"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a horned serpent, fr. Gr. <?/ horned, fr. <?/ horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of poisonous African serpents, with a horny scale over each eye; the horned viper.</def>

<h1>Cerate</h1>
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<hw>Ce"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ceratum</ets>, ceratm, fr. <ets>cera</ets> wax.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An unctuous preparation for external application, of a consistence intermediate between that of an ointment and a plaster, so that it can be spread upon cloth without the use of heat, but does not melt when applied to the skin.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Cerate</i> consists essentially of wax (for which resin or spermaceti is sometimes substituted) mixed with oil, lard, and various medicinal ingredients. The cerate (formerly called <i>simple cerate</i>) of the United States Pharmacopoeia is a mixture of three parts of white wax and seven parts of lard.</note>

<h1>Cerated</h1>
<Xpage=233>

<hw>Ce"ra*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ceratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cerare</ets> to wax, fr. <ets>cera</ets> wax.]</ety> <def>Covered with wax.</def>

<h1>Ceratine</h1>
<Xpage=233>

<hw>Cer"a*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the fallacy called "the horns." fr. <?/ a horn.]</ety> <fld>(Lagic.)</fld> <def>Sophistical.</def>

<h1>Ceratobranchia</h1>
<Xpage=233>

<hw>Cer`a*to*bran"chi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, horn + <?/, <ets>n. pl.</ets>, gills.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of nudibranchiate Mollusca having on the back papilliform or branched organs serving as gills.</def>

<h1>Ceratobranchial</h1>
<Xpage=233>

<hw>Cer`a*to*bran"chi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the bone, or cartilage, below the epibranchial in a branchial arch.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A ceratobranchial bone, or cartilage.</def></def2>

<h1>Ceratodus</h1>
<Xpage=233>

<hw>Ce*rat"o*dus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, horn + <?/ tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of ganoid fishes, of the order Dipnoi, first known as Mesozoic fossil fishes; but recently two living species have been discovered in Australian rivers. They have lungs so well developed that they can leave the water and breathe in air. In Australia they are called <i>salmon</i> and <i>baramunda</i>. See <er>Dipnoi</er>, and <er>Archipterygium</er>.</def>

<h1>Ceratohyal</h1>
<Xpage=233>

<hw>Cer`a*to*hy"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ horn + the letter Y.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the bone, or carts, large, below the epihyal in the hyoid arch.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A ceratohyal bone, or cartilage, which, in man, forms one of the small horns of the hyoid.</def></def2>

<h1>Ceratosaurus</h1>
<Xpage=233>

<hw>Cer`a*to*sau"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a horn + <?/ lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A carnivorous American Jurassic dinosaur allied to the European Megalosaurus. The animal was nearly twenty feet in length, and the skull bears a bony horn core on the united nasal bones. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Ceratospongi\'91</h1>
<Xpage=233>

<hw>Cer`a*to*spon"gi*\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/ horn + <?/ sponge.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of sponges in which the skeleton consists of horny fibers. It includes all the commercial sponges.</def>

<h1>Ceraunics</h1>
<Xpage=233>

<hw>Ce*rau"nics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thunder and lightning.]</ety> <def>That branch of physics which treats of heat and electricity.</def>

<i>R. Park.</i>

<h1>Ceraunoscope</h1>
<Xpage=233>

<hw>Ce*rau"no*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thunder and lightning + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument or apparatus employed in the ancient mysteries to imitate thunder and lightning.</def>

<i>T. Moore.</i>

<hr>
<page="234">
Page 234<p>

<h1>Cerberean</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer*be"re*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to, or resembling, Cerberus.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Cerberian</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>With wide <b>Cerberean</b> mouth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cerberus</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"be*rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. Cerberus (in sense 1), gr. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A monster, in the shape, of a three-headed dog, guarding the entrance into the infernal regions, Hence: Any vigilant custodian or guardian, esp. if surly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of East Indian serpents, allied to the pythons; the bokadam.</def>

<h1>Cercal</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the tail.</def>

<h1>Cercaria</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer*ca"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cercarle</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larval form of a trematode worm having the shape of a tadpole, with its body terminated by a tail-like appendage.</def>

<h1>Cercarian</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer*ca"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of, like, or pertaining to, the Cercari\'91.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One of the Cercari\'91.</def></def2>

<h1>Cercopod</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"co*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ tail + <ets>-pod</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the jointed antenniform appendage of the posterior somites of cartain insects.</def>

<i>Packard.</i>

<h1>Cercus</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cerci</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cercopod</er>.</def>

<h1>Cere</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cera</ets> wax: cf. F. <ets>cire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The soft naked sheath at the base of the beak of birds of prey, parrots, and some other birds. See <er>Beak</er>.</def>

<h1>Cere</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cere</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>cerare</ets>, fr. <ets>cera</ets> wax: cf. F. <ets>cirer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To wax; to cover or close with wax.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Cereal</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce"re*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Cerealis</ets> pert. to Ceres, and hence, to agriculture. See <er>Ceres</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the grasses which are cultivated for their edible seeds (as wheat, maize, rice, etc.), or to their seeds or grain.</def>

<h1>Cereal</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce"re*al</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any grass cultivated for its edible grain, or the grain itself; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<h1>Cerealia</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce`re*a"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Cereal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>Public festivals in honor of Ceres.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The cereals.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Cerealin</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce"re*a*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous substance closely resembling diastase, obtained from bran, and possessing the power of converting starch into dextrin, sugar, and lactic acid.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Cerebel</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"e*bel</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The cerebellum.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Cerebellar, Cerebellous</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw><hw>Cer`e*bel"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cer`e*bel"lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the cerebellum.</def>

<h1>Cerebellum</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer`e*bel"lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Cerebellums</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, L. <plw>Cerebella</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>cerebrum</ets> brain.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The large lobe of the hind brain in front of and above the medulla; the little brain. It controls combined muscular action. See <er>Brain</er>.</def>

<h1>Cerebral</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"e*bral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cerebrum</ets> brain; akin to Gr. <?/ head: cf. F. <ets>c\'82r\'82bral</ets>. See <er>Cheer</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the cerebrum.</def>

<cs><col>Cerebral apoplexy</col>. <cd>See under <er>Apoplexy</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cerebral</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"e*bral</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A false translation of the Skr. <ets>m\'d4rdhanya</ets>, lit., head-sounds.]</ety> <def>One of a class of lingual consonants in the East Indian languages. See <er>Lingual</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<note>&hand; Prof. W. D. Whitney calls these letters <i>linguals</i>, and this is their usual designation in the United States.</note>

<h1>Cerebralism</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"e*bral*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The doctrine or theory that psychical phenomena are functions or products of the brain only.</def>

<h1>Cerebralist</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"e*bral*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who accepts cerebralism.</def>

<h1>Cerebrate</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"e*brate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To exhibit mental activity; to have the brain in action.</def>

<h1>Cerebration</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer`e*bra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Action of the brain, whether conscious or unconscious.</def>

<h1>Cerebric</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"e*bric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the brain.</def>

<cs><col>Cerebric acid</col> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a name formerly sometimes given to cerebrin.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cerebricity</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer`e*bric"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Brain power.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cerebriform</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce*reb"ri*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cerebrum</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like the brain in form or substance.</def>

<h1>Cerebrifugal</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer`e*brif"u*gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cerebrum</ets> + L. <ets>fugere</ets> to flee.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Applied to those nerve fibers which go from the brain to the spinal cord, and so transfer cerebral impulses (centrifugal impressions) outwards.</def>

<h1>Cerebrin</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"e*brin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cerebrum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A nonphosphorized, nitrogenous substance, obtained from brain and nerve tissue by extraction with boiling alcohol. It is uncertain whether it exists as such in nerve tissue, or is a product of the decomposition of some more complex substance.</def>

<h1>Cerebripetal</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer`e*brip"e*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cerebrum</ets> + L. <ets>petere</ets> to seek.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Applied to those nerve fibers which go from the spinal cord to the brain and so transfer sensations (centripetal impressions) from the exterior inwards.</def>

<h1>Cerebritis</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer`e*bri"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>cerebrum</ets> + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the cerebrum.</def>

<h1>Cerebroid</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"e*broid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cerebrum</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling, or analogous to, the cerebrum or brain.</def>

<h1>Cerebrology</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer`e*brol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cerebrum</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the cerebrum or brain.</def>

<h1>Cerebropathy</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer`e*brop"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cerebrum</ets> + Gr. <?/ suffering.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A hypochondriacal condition verging upon insanity, occurring in those whose brains have been unduly taxed; -- called also <altname>brain fag</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cerebroscopy</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer`e*bros"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cerebrum</ets> + <ets>-</ets>scopy.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Examination of the brain for the diagnosis of diseas; esp., the act or process of diagnosticating the condition of the brain by examination of the interior of the eye (as with an ophthalmoscope).</def>

<i>Buck.</i>

<h1>Cerebrose</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer`e*brose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cerebrum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A sugarlike body obtained by the decomposition of the nitrogenous non-phosphorized principles of the brain.</def>

<h1>Cerebro-spinal</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer`e*bro-spi"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cerebrum</ets> + <ets>spinal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the central nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.</def>

<cs><col>Cerebro-spinal fluid</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>a serous fluid secreted by the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cerebro-spinal meningitis</col>, <col>Cerebro-spinal fever</col></mcol> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a dangerous epidemic, and endemic, febrile disease, characterized by inflammation of the membranes of the brain and spinal cord, giving rise to severe headaches, tenderness of the back of the neck, paralysis of the ocular muscles, etc. It is sometimes marked by a cutaneous eruption, when it is often called <i>spotted fever<i>. It is not contagious.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cerebrum</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"e*brum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Cerebrums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Cerebra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., the brain.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The anterior, and in man the larger, division of the brain; the seat of the reasoning faculties and the will. See <er>Brain</er>.</def>

<h1>Cerecloth</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cere"cloth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cera</ets> wax + E. <ets>cloth</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cloth smeared with melted wax, or with some gummy or glutinous matter.</def>

<blockquote>Linen, besmeared with gums, in manner of <b>cerecloth</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cerement</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cere"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cera</ets> wax: cf. F. <ets>cirement</ets>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cerecloth used for the special purpose of enveloping a dead body when embalmed.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any shroud or wrapping for the dead.</def>

<h1>Ceremonial</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer`e*mo"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caerimonialis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>c\'82rimonial</ets>. See <er>Ceremony</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to ceremony, or external rite; ritual; according to the forms of established rites.</def>

<blockquote><b>Ceremonial</b> observances and outward show.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Observant of forms; ceremonious. <note>[In this sense <i>ceremonious</i> is now preferred.]</note></def>

<i>Donne.</i>

<blockquote>He moves in the dull <b>ceremonial</b> track.
<i>Druden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ceremonial</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer`e*mo"ni*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A system of rules and ceremonies, enjoined by law, or established by custom, in religious worship, social intercourse, or the courts of princes; outward form.</def>

<blockquote>The gorgeous <b>ceremonial</b> of the Burgundian court.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The order for rites and forms in the Roman Catholic church, or the book containing the rules presribed to be observed on solemn occasions.</def>

<h1>Ceremonialism</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adherence to external rites; fondness for ceremony.</def>

<h1>Ceremonially</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to rites and ceremonies; <as>as, a person <ex>ceremonially</ex> unclean</as>.</def>

<h1>Ceremonialness</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being ceremonial.</def>

<h1>Ceremonious</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer`e*mo"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>c\'82r\'82monieux</ets>, L. <ets>Caerimoniosus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of outward forms and rites; ceremonial. <note>[In this sense <i>ceremonial</i> is now preferred.]</note></def>

<blockquote>The <b>ceremonious</b> part of His worship.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>According to prescribed or customary rules and forms; devoted to forms and ceremonies; formally respectful; punctilious.</def> "<i>Ceremonious</i> phrases."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>Too <b>ceremonious</b> and traditional.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Formal; precise; exact. See <er>Formal</er>.</syn>

<h1>Ceremoniously</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer`e*mo"ni*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a ceremonious way.</def>

<h1>Ceremoniousness</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer`e*mo"ni*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality, or practice, of being ceremonious.</def>

<h1>Ceremony</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"e*mo*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ceremonies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>c\'82r\'82monie</ets>, L. <ets>caerimonia</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>create</ets> and from a root signifying to do or <ets>make</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ar act or series of acts, often of a symbolical character, prescribed by law, custom, or authority, in the conduct of important matters, as in the performance of religious duties, the transaction of affairs of state, and the celebration of notable events; <as>as, the <ex>ceremony</ex> of crowning a sovereign; the <ex>ceremonies</ex> observed in consecrating a church; marriage and baptismal <ex>ceremonies</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>According to all the rites of it, and according to all the <b>ceremonies</b> thereof shall ye keep it [the Passover].
<i>Numb. ix. 3</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Bring her up the high altar, that she may
The sacred <b>ceremonies</b> there partake.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[The heralds] with awful <b>ceremony</b>
And trumpet's sound, throughout the host proclaim
A solemn council.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Behavior regulated by strict etiquette; a formal method of performing acts of civility; forms of civility prescribed by custom or authority.</def>

<blockquote><b>Ceremony</b> was but devised at first
To set a gloss on . . . hollow welcomes . . .
But where there is true friendship there needs none.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Al <b>ceremonies</b> are in themselves very silly things; but yet a man of the world should know them.
<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A ceremonial symbols; an emblem, as a crown, scepter, garland, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Disrobe the images,
If you find them decked with <b>ceremonies</b>.
 . . . Let no images
Be hung with C\'91sar's trophies.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A sign or prodigy; a portent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>C\'91sar, I never stood on <b>ceremonies</b>,
Yet, now they fright me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Master of ceremonies</col>, <cd>an officer who determines the forms to be observed, or superintends their observance, on a public occasion.</cd> -- <col>Not to stand on ceremony</col>, <cd>not to be ceremonious; to be familiar, outspoken, or bold.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cereous</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce"re*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cereus</ets>, fr. <ets>cera</ets> was.]</ety> <def>Waxen; like wax.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gayton.</i>

<h1>Ceres</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce"res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., Ceres, also corn, grain, akin to E. <ets>create</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The daughter of Saturn and Ops or Rhea, the goddess of corn and tillage.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Actron.)</fld> <def>The first discovered asteroid.</def>

<h1>Ceresin</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"e*sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cera</ets> wax.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white wax, made by bleaching and purifying ozocerite, and used as a substitute for beeswax.</def>

<h1>Cereus</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce"re*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a wax candle, fr. <ets>cera</ets> wax. So named from the resemblance of one species to the columnar shape of a wax candle.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants of the Cactus family. They are natives of America, from California to Chili.</def>

<note>&hand; Although several species flower in the night, the name <i>Night-blooming cereus</i> is specially applied to the <i>Cereus grandiflorus</i>, which is cultivated for its beautiful, shortlived flowers. The <i>Cereus giganteus</i>, whose columnar trunk is sometimes sixty feet in height, is a striking feature of the scenery of New Mexico, Texas, etc.\'3c--saguaro?= Carnegiea gigantea--\'3e</note>

<h1>Cerial</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Cerial</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ceriferous</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce*rif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ra</ets> wax + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing wax.</def>

<h1>Cerin</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce"rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cera</ets> wax + <ets>-in</ets>: cf. L. <ets>cerinus</ets> wax-colored.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A waxy substance extracted by alcohol or ether from cork; sometimes applied also to the portion of beeswax which is soluble in alcohol.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of the mineral <i>allanite</i>.</def>

<h1>Cerinthian</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce*rin"thi*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of an ancient religious sect, so called fron <i>Cerinthus</i>, a Jew, who attempted to unite the doctrines of Christ with the opinions of the Jews and Gnostics.</def>

<i>Hook.</i>

<h1>Ceriph</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"iph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Type Founding)</fld> <def>One of the fine lines of a letter, esp. one of the fine cross strokes at the top and bottom of letters.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>seriph</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Savage.</i>

<h1>Cerise</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce*rise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., a cherry. See <er>Cherry</er>.]</ety> <def>Cherry-colored; a light bright red; \'c3- applied to textile fabrics, especially silk.</def>

<h1>Cerite</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce"rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A gastropod shell belonging to the family <i>Cerithi\'8bd\'91</i>; -- so called from its hornlike form.</def>

<h1>Cerite</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce"rite</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cherium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a brownish of cherry-red color, commonly massive. It is a hydrous silicate of cerium and allied metals.</def>

<h1>Cerium</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named dy Berzelius in 1803 from the asteroid <ets>Ceres</ets>, then just discovered (1801).]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare metallic element, occurring in the minerals cerite, allanite, monazite, etc.  Symbol Ce.  Atomic weight 141.5. It resembles iron in color and luster, but is soft, and both malleable and ductile. It tarnishes readily in the air.</def>

<h1>Cernuous</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"nu*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cernuus</ets> with the face turned toward the earth.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Inclining or nodding downward; pendulous; drooping; -- said of a bud, flower, fruit, or the capsule of a moss.</def>

<h1>Cero</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupt. fr. Sp. <ets>sierra</ets> saw, sawfish, cero.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large and valuable fish of the Mackerel family, of the genus <spn>Scomberomorus</spn>.  Two species are found in the West Indies and less commonly on the Atlantic coast of the United States, -- the common cero (<spn>Scomberomorus caballa</spn>), called also <altname>kingfish</altname>, and spotted, or king, cero (<spn>S. regalis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Cerograph</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce"ro*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><grk>khros</grk></ets> wax + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A writing on wax.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Cerographic, Cerographical</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw><hw>Ce`ro*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ce`ro*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to cerography.</def>

<h1>Cerographist</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce*rog"ra*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices cerography.</def>

<h1>Cerography</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce*rog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wax + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of making characters or designs in, or with, wax.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A method of making stereotype plates from inscribed sheets of wax.</def>

<h1>Cerolite</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. \'b5 wax + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous silicate of magnesium, allied to serpentine, occurring in waxlike masses of a yellow or greenish color.</def>

<h1>Ceroma</h1>
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<hw>Ce*ro"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ ointment for wrestlers, the place for wrestling, fr. <?/ to wax over, fr. <?/ wax.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The unguent (a composition of oil and wax) with which wrestles were anointed among the ancient Romans.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anc. Arch.)</fld> <def>That part of the baths and gymnasia in which bathers and wrestlers anointed themselves.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cere of birds.</def>

<h1>Ceromancy</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wax + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by dropping melted wax in water.</def>

<h1>Ceroon</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce*roon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Seroon</er>.]</ety> <def>A bale or package. covered with hide, or with wood bound with hide; <as>as, a <ex>ceroon</ex> of indigo, cochineal, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Ceroplastic</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce`ro*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ for modeling in wax; <?/ wax + <?/ to form, mold.]</ety> <fld>(Fine arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Relating to the art of modeling in wax.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Modeled in wax; <as>as, a <ex>ceroplastic</ex> figure</as>.</def>

<h1>Ceroplastics, Ceroplasty</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw><hw>Ce`ro*plas"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ce`ro*plas"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/ art): cf. F. <ets>c\'82roplastique</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of modeling in wax.</def>

<h1>Cerosin</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"o*sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cera</ets> wax.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A waxy substance obtained from the bark of the sugar cane, and crystallizing in delicate white lamin\'91.</def>

<h1>Cerote</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Ce"rote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Obs</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Cerate</er>.</def>

<h1>Cerotene</h1>
<Xpage=234>

<hw>Cer"o*tene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cerotum</ets> a pomade. See <er>Cerate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white waxy solid obtained from Chinese wax, and by the distillation of cerotin.</def>

<hr>
<page="235">
Page 235<p>

<h1>Cerotic</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Ce*rot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cerotene</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, beeswax or Chinese wax; <as>as, <ex>cerotic</ex> acid or alcohol</as>.</def>

<h1>Cerotin</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer"o*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cerotene</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline substance, <chform>C27H55.OH</chform>, obtained from Chinese wax, and regarded as an alcohol of the marsh gas series; -- called also <altname>cerotic alcohol</altname>, <altname>ceryl alcohol</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cerrial</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cerreus</ets>, fr. <ets>cerrus</ets> a kind of oak.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the cerris.</def>

<blockquote>Chaplets green of <b>cerrial</b> oak.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cerris</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer"ris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cerrus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of oak (<spn>Quercus cerris</spn>) native in the Orient and southern Europe; -- called also <altname>bitter oak</altname> and <altname>Turkey oak</altname>.</def>

<h1>Certain</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer"tain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>certain</ets>, fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>certanus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>certus</ets> determined, fixed, certain, orig. p. p. of <ets>cernere</ets> to perceive, decide, determine; akin to Gr. <?/ to decide, separate, and to E. <ets>concern</ets>, <ets>critic</ets>, <ets>crime</ets>, <ets>riddle</ets> a sieve, <ets>rinse</ets>, v.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Assured in mind; having no doubts; free from suspicions concerning.</def>

<blockquote>To make her <b>certain</b> of the sad event.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I myself am <b>certain</b> of you.
<i>Wyclif.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Determined; resolved; -- used with an infinitive.</def>

<blockquote>However, I with thee have fixed my lot,
<b>Certain</b> to undergo like doom.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not to be doubted or denied; established as a fact.</def>

<blockquote>The dream is <b>certain</b>, and the interpretation thereof sure.
<i>Dan. ii. 45.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Actually existing; sure to happen; inevitable.</def>

<blockquote>Virtue that directs our ways
Through <b>certain</b> dangers to uncertain praise.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Death, as the Psalmist saith, is certain to all.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Unfailing; infallible.</def>

<blockquote>I have often wished that I knew as <b>certain</b> a remedy for any other distemper.
<i>Mead.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Fixed or stated; regular; determinate.</def>

<blockquote>The people go out and gather a <b>certain</b> rate every day.
<i>Ex. xvi. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Not specifically named; indeterminate; indefinite; one or some; -- sometimes used independenty as a noun, and meaning certain persons.</def>

<blockquote>It came to pass when he was in a <b>certain</b> city.
<i>Luke. v. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>About everything he wrote there was a <b>certain</b> natural grace und decorum.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>For certain</col>, <cd>assuredly.</cd> -- <col>Of a certain</col>, <cd>certainly.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Bound; sure; true; undeniable; unquestionable; undoubted; plain; indubitable; indisputable; incontrovertible; unhesitating; undoubting; fixed; stated.</syn>

<h1>Certain</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer"tain</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Certainty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A certain number or quantity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Certain</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer"tain</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Certainly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Certainly</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer"tain*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without doubt or question; unquestionably.</def>

<h1>Certainness</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer"tain*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Certainty.</def>

<h1>Certainty</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer"tain*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Certainties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OF. <ets>certainet\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality, state, or condition, of being certain.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>certainty</b> of punishment is the truest security against crimes.

<i>Fisher Ames.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fact or truth unquestionable established.</def>

<blockquote><b>Certainties</b> are uninteresting and sating.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Clearness; freedom from ambiguity; lucidity.</def>

<cs><col>Of a certainty</col>, <cd>certainly.</cd></cs>

<h1>Certes</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>certes</ets>, for <ets>\'85 certes</ets>, fr. L. <ets>certus</ets>. See <er>Certain</er>.]</ety> <def>Certainly; in truth; verily.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Certes</b> it great pity was to see
Him his nobility so foul deface.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Certificate</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer*tif"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>certificat</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>certificatus</ets> made certain, p. p. of <ets>certificare</ets>. See <er>tify</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A written testimony to the truth of any fact; <as>as, <ex>certificate</ex> of good behavior</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A written declaration legally authenticated.</def>

<cs><col>Trial by certificate</col>, <cd>a trial which the testimony of the person certifying is the only proper criterion of the point in dispute; as, when the issue is whether a person was absent in the army, this is tried by the certificate of the proper officer in writing, under his seal.</cd></cs>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Certificate</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer*tif"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Certificated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Certificating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Certify</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To verify or vouch for by certificate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with a certificate; <as>as, to <ex>certificate</ex> the captain of a vessel; a <ex>certificated</ex> teacher.</as></def>

<h1>Certification</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>certificatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>certification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of certifying.</def>

<h1>Certifier</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer"ti*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who certifies or assures.</def>

<h1>Certify</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer"ti*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Certified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Certifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>certifier</ets>, LL. <ets>certificare</ets>; L. <ets>certus</ets> certain + <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Certain</er>, and cf. <er>Certificate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give cetain information to; to assure; to make certain.</def>

<blockquote>We <b>certify</b> the king, that . . . thou shalt have no portion on this side the river.
<i>Ezra iv. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give certain information of; to make certain, as a fact; to verify.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<blockquote>The industry of science at once <b>certifies</b> and greatly extends our knowledge of the vastness of the creation.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To testify to in writing; to make a declaration concerning, in writing, under hand, or hand and seal.</def>

<blockquote>The judges shall <b>certify</b> their opinion to the chancellor, and upon such certificate the decree is usually founded.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Certified check</col>, <cd>A bank check, the validity of which is certified by the bank on which it is drawn.</cd></cs>

<h1>Certiorari</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer`ti*o*ra"ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So named from the emphatic word <ets>certiorari</ets> in the Latin form of the writ, which read <ets>certiorar volumus</ets> we wish to be certified.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ issuing out of chancery, or a superior court, to call up the records of a inferior court, or remove a cause there depending, in order that the party may have more sure and speedy justice, or that errors and irreguarities may be corrected. It is obtained upon complaint of a party that he has not received justice, or can not have an impartial trial in the inferior court.</def>

<note>&hand; A <i>certiorari</i> is the correct process to remove the proceedings of a court in which cases are tried in a manner different from the course of the common law, as of county commissioners. It is also used as an auxiliary process in order to obtain a full return to some other process.</note>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Certitude</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer"ti*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>certitudo</ets>, fr. L. <ets>certus</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>certitude</ets>. See <er>Certain</er>.]</ety> <def>Freedom from doubt; assurance; certainty.</def>

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<h1>Cerule</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caerulus</ets>, eguiv. to <ets>caeruleus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Blue; cerulean.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dyer.</i>

<h1>Cerulean</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Ce*ru"le*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caeruleus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sky-colored; blue; azure.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>Blue, blue, as if that sky let fall

<blockquote>A flower from its <b>cerulean</b> wall.
<i>Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ceruleous</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Ce*ru"le*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cerulean.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Cerulific</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer`u*lif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>arulus</ets> dark blue + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Producing a blue or sky color.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cerumen</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Ce*ru"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>cera</ets> wax.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The yellow, waxlike secretion from the glands of the external ear; the earwax.</def>

<h1>Ceruminous</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Ce*ru"mi*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or secreting, cerumen; <as>as, the <ex>ceruminous</ex> glands</as>.</def>

<h1>Ceruse</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Ce"ruse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>c\'82ruse</ets>, L. <ets>cerussa</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>White lead, used as a pigment. See <cref>White lead</cref>, under <er>White</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cosmetic containing white lead.</def>

<blockquote>To distinguish <b>ceruse</b> from natural bloom.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The native carbonate of lead.</def>

<h1>Cerused</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Ce"rused</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Washed with a preparation of white lead; <as>as, <ex>cerused</ex> face</as>.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Cerusite, Cerussite</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw><hw>Ce"ru*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ce"rus*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native lead carbonate; a mineral occurring in colorless, white, or yellowish transparent crystals, with an adamantine, also massive and compact.</def>

<h1>Cervantite</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer"van*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from <ets>Cervantes</ets> a town in Spain.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Antimony</er>.</def>

<h1>Cervelat</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer"ve*lat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An ancient wind instrument, resembling the bassoon in tone.</def>

<h1>Cervical</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cer"vi*cal</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cervix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, neck: cf. F. <ets>cervical</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the neck; <as>as, the <ex>cervical</ex> vertebr\'91</as>.</def>

<h1>Cervicide</h1>
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<hw>Cer"vi*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cervus</ets> deer + <ets>caedere</ets> to kill.]</ety> <def>The act of killing deer; deer-slaying.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cervine</h1>
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<hw>Cer"vine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cervinus</ets>, fr. <ets>cervus</ets> deer: cf. F. <ets>cervin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the deer, or to the family <i>Cervid\'91</i>.</def>

<h1>Cervix</h1>
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<hw>Cer"vix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Cervixes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Cervices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The neck; also, the necklike portion of any part, as of the womb. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Bird</er>.</def>

<h1>Cervus</h1>
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<hw>Cer"vus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a deer.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of ruminants, including the red deer and other allied species.</def>

<note>&hand; Formerly all species of deer were included in the genus <spn>Cervus</spn>.</note>

<h1>Ceryl</h1>
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<hw>Ce"ryl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cera</ets> wax + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A radical, <chform>C27H55</chform> supposed to exist in several compounds obtained from Chinese wax, beeswax, etc.</def>

<h1>Cesarean, Cesarian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ce*sa"re*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ce*sa"ri*an</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>C\'91sarean</er>, <er>C\'91sarian</er>.</def>

<h1>Cesarism</h1>
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<hw>Ce"sar*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>C\'91sarism</er>.</def>

<h1>Cespitine</h1>
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<hw>Ces"pi*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caespes</ets>, <ets>caespitis</ets>, a turf.]</ety> <def>An oil obtained by distillation of peat, and containing various members of the pyridine series.</def>

<h1>Cespititious</h1>
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<hw>Ces"pi*ti`tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caespiticius</ets>, fr. <ets>caespes</ets> turf.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Cespitious</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gough.</i>

<h1>Cespitose</h1>
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<hw>Ces"pi*tose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caespes</ets> turf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the form a piece of turf, <it>i. e.</it>, many stems from one rootstock or from many entangled rootstocks or roots.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>c\'91spitose</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cespitous</h1>
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<hw>Ces"pi*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cespitose</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, consisting, of resembling, turf; turfy.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>cespitous</b> or turfy plant has many stems from the same root, usually forming a close, thick carpet of matting.

<i>Martyn.</i>

<h1>Cess</h1>
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<hw>Cess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>sess</ets>, conts. from <er>Assess</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rate or tax.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prof. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bound; measure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The poor jade is wrung in the withers out of all <b>cess</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cess</h1>
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<hw>Cess</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cessed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cessing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To rate; to tax; to assess.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Cess</h1>
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<hw>Cess</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cesser</ets>. See <er>Cease</er>.]</ety> <def>To cease; to neglect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Cessant</h1>
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<hw>Ces"sant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cessans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>cessare</ets>. See <er>Cease</er>.]</ety> <def>Inactive; dormant</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Cessation</h1>
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<hw>Ces*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cessation</ets>, L. <ets>cessatio</ets>, fr. <ets>cessare</ets>. See <er>Cease</er>.]</ety> <def>A ceasing of discontinuance, as of action, whether termporary or final; a stop; <as>as, a <ex>cessation</ex> of the war</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The temporary <b>cessation</b> of the papal iniquities.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The day was yearly observed for a festival by <b>cessation</b> from labor.
<i>Sir J. Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Cessation of arms</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>an armistice, or truce, agreed to by the commanders of armies, to give time for a capitulation, or for other purposes.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Stop; rest; stay; pause; discontinuance; intermission; interval; respite; interruption; recess; remission.</syn>

<h1>Cessavit</h1>
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<hw>Ces*sa"vit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., he has ceased.]</ety> <mark>[O. Eng. Law]</mark> <def>A writ given by statute to recover lands when the tenant has for two years failed to perform the conditions of his tenure.</def>

<h1>Cesser</h1>
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<hw>Ces"ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cess</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>a neglect of a tenant to perform services, or make payment, for two years.</def>

<h1>Cessible</h1>
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<hw>Ces"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cessible</ets>. See <er>Cession</er>.]</ety> <def>Giving way; yielding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Ces`si*bil"i*ty</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</i> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Sir K. Digby.</i>

<h1>Cession</h1>
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<hw>Ces"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cessio</ets>, fr. <ets>cedere</ets> to give way: cf. F. <ets>Cession</ets>. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A yielding to physical force.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Concession; compliance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A yielding, or surrender, as of property or rights, to another person; the act of ceding.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>cession</b> of the island of New Orleans.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>The giving up or vacating a benefice by accepting another without a proper dispensation.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>The voluntary surrender of a person's effects to his creditors to avoid imprisonment.</def>

<h1>Cessionary</h1>
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<hw>Ces"sion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>cessionarius</ets>, from <ets>cessionare</ets> to cede, fr. L. <ets>cessio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cessionnaire</ets>. See <er>Cession</er>.]</ety> <def>Having surrendered the effects; <as>as, a <ex>cessionary</ex> bankrupt</as>.</def>

<i>Martin.</i>

<h1>Cessment</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Cess"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cess</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>An assessment or tax.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Cessor</h1>
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<hw>Ces"sor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cess</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> Cf. <er>Cesser</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who neglects, for two years, to perform the service by which he holds lands, so that he incurs the danger of the writ of cessavit. See <er>Cessavit</er>.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Cessor</h1>
<Xpage=235>

<hw>Ces"sor</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cess</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>An assessor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cesspipe</h1>
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<hw>Cess`pipe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pipe for carrying off waste water, etc., from a sink or cesspool.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Cesspool</h1>
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<hw>Cess"pool`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Sesspol</er>.]</ety> <def>A cistern in the course, or the termination, of a drain, to collect sedimentary or superfluous matter; a privy vault; any receptace of filth.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>sesspool</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cest</h1>
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<hw>Cest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cestus</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>ceste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woman's girdle; a cestus.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Collins.</i>

<h1>Cestode</h1>
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<hw>Ces"tode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Cestoidea.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Cestoidea.</def></def2>

<h1>Cestoid</h1>
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<hw>Ces"toid</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Cestoidea.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Cestoidea.</def></def2>

<h1>Cestoidea</h1>
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<hw>Ces*toid"e*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., gr. Gr. <?/ girble + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of parasitic worms (<spn>Platelminthes</spn>) of which the tapeworms are the most common examples. The body is flattened, and usually but not always long, and composed of numerous joints or segments, each of which may contain a complete set of male and female reproductive organs. They have neither mouth nor intestine. See <er>Tapeworm</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Cestoda</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cestoldean</h1>
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<hw>Ces*told"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Cestoidea.</def>

<h1>Cestraciont</h1>
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<hw>Ces*tra"ci*ont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a kind of fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A shark of the genus <spn>Cestracion</spn>, and of related genera. The posterior teeth form a pavement of bony plates for crushing shellfish. Most of the species are extinct. The Port Jackson shark and a similar one found in California are living examples.</def>

<h1>Cestraciont</h1>
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<hw>Ces*tra"ci*ont</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the genus <spn>Cestracion</spn>.</def>

<h1>Cestus</h1>
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<hw>Ces"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cestus</ets> girdle, Gr. <?/, lit., stitched, embroidered.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A girdle; particularly that of Aphrodite (or Venus) which gave the wearer the power of exciting love.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of Ctenophora. The typical species (<spn>Cestus Veneris</spn>) is remarkable for its brilliant iridescent colors, and its long, girdlelike form.</def>

<h1>Cestus</h1>
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<hw>Ces"tus</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>caestus</ets>, and <ets>cestus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A covering for the hands of boxers, made of leather bands, and often loaded with lead or iron.</def>

<h1>Cestuy or Cestui</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ces"tuy</hw> or <hw>Ces"tui</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>pron.</tt> <ety>[Norm. F.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>He; the one.</def>

<cs><col>Cestuy que trust</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[norm. F.]</ety>, <cd>a person who has the equitable and beneficial interest in property, the legal interest in which is vested in a trustee. <i>Wharton</i>.</cd> -- <col>Cestuy que use</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[Norm. F.]</ety>, <cd>a person for whose use land, etc., is granted to another.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cesura</h1>
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<hw>Ce*su"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>C\'91sura</er>.</def>

<h1>Cesural</h1>
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<hw>Ce*su"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>C\'91sural</er>.</def>

<h1>Cetacea</h1>
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<hw>Ce*ta"ce*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>cetus</ets> whale, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of marine mammals, including the whales. Like ordinary mammals they breathe by means of lungs, and bring forth living young which they suckle for some time. The anterior limbs are changed to paddles; the tail flukes are horizontal. There are two living suborders:</def> <sd>(a)</sd> <stype>The <i>Mysticete</i> or whalebone whales, having no true teeth after birth, but with a series of plates of whalebone [see <er>Baleen</er>.] hanging down from the upper jaw on each side, thus making a strainer, through which they receive the small animals upon which they feed.</stype> <sd>(b)</sd> <stype>The <i>Denticete</i>, including the dolphins and sperm whale, which have teeth. Another suborder (<spn>Zeuglodontia</spn>) is extinct. The <spn>Sirenia</spn> were formerly included in the Cetacea, but are now made a separate order.</stype>

<h1>Cetacean</h1>
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<hw>Ce*ta"cean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Cetacea.</def>

<h1>Cetaceous</h1>
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<hw>Ce*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Cetacea.</def>

<h1>Cete</h1>
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<hw>Ce"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., <ets>pl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Cetacea, or collectively, the Cetacea.</def>

<h1>Cetene</h1>
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<hw>Ce"tene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cete</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oily hydrocarbon, <chform>C16H32</chform>, of the ethylene series, obtained from spermaceti.</def>

<h1>Ceterach</h1>
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<hw>Cet"e*rach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>c\'82t\'82rac</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>shetrak</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of fern with fronds (<spn>Asplenium Ceterach</spn>).</def>

<h1>Cetewale</h1>
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<hw>Cet"e*wale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>citoal</ets>, F. <ets>zedoaire</ets>. See <er>Zedoary</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Zedoary</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Cetic</h1>
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<hw>Ce"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a whale.</def>

<h1>Cetin</h1>
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<hw>Ce"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cetus</ets> whale.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, waxy substance, forming the essential part of spermaceti.</def>

<hr>
<page="236">
Page 236<p>

<h1>Cetological</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Ce`to*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to cetology.</def>

<h1>Cetologist</h1>
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<hw>Ce*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>One versed in cetology.</def>

<h1>Cetology</h1>
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<hw>Ce*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ whale + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>c\'82tologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The description or natural history of cetaceous animals.</def>

<h1>Cetraric</h1>
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<hw>Ce*trar"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the lichen, Iceland moss (<spn>Cetaria Islandica</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>Cetraric acid</col>. <cd>See <er>Cetrarin</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cetrarin</h1>
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<hw>Cet"ra*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Cetraria</ets> Islandica, the scientific name of Iceland moss.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white substance extracted from the lichen, Iceland moss (<spn>Cetraria Islandica</spn>). It consists of several ingredients, among which is <i>cetraric acid</i>, a white, crystalline, bitter substance.</def>

<h1>Cetyl</h1>
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<hw>Ce"tyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ whale + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A radical, <chform>C16H33</chform>, not yet isolated, but supposed to exist in a series of compounds homologous with the ethyl compounds, and derived from spermaceti.</def>

<h1>Cetylic</h1>
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<hw>Ce*tyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, spermaceti.</def>

<cs><col>Cetylic alcohol</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white, waxy, crystalline solid, obtained from spermaceti, and regarded as homologous with ordinary, or ethyl, alcohol; ethal; -- called also <altname>cetyl alcohol</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ceylanite</h1>
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<hw>Cey"lan*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>Ceylan</ets> Ceylon.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A dingy blue, or grayish black, variety of spinel. It is also called <altname>pleonaste</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ceylonite</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ceylonese</h1>
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<hw>Cey`lon*ese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Ceylon.</def> -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def>A native or natives of Ceylon.</def></def2>

<h1>C.G.S.</h1>
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<hw>C.G.S.</hw> <def>An abbreviation for <er>Centimeter</er>, <er>Gram</er>, <er>Second</er>. -- applied to a system of units much empoyed in physical science, based upon the centimeter as the unit of length, the gram as the unit of weight or mass, and the second as the unit of time.</def>

<h1>Chab</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Chab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The red-bellied wood pecker (<spn>Melanerpes Carolinus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Chabasite, Cabazite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Chab"a*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cab"a*zite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ one of twenty species of stones mentioned in the poem <?/, ascribed to Orpheus.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occuring in glassy rhombohedral crystals, varying, in color from white to yellow or red. It is essentially a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime. Called also <altname>chabasie</altname>.</def>

<h1>Chablis</h1>
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<hw>Cha*blis"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A white wine made near Chablis, a town in France.</def>

<-- 2. a white wine resembling Chablis[1], but made elsewhere, as in California. -->

<h1>Chabouk, Chabuk</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cha*bouk"</hw>, <hw>Cha*buk"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>ch\'bebuk</ets> horsewhip.]</ety> <def>A long whip, such as is used in the East in the infliction of punishment.</def>

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Chace</h1>
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<hw>Chace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 3d <er>Chase</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Chace</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Chace</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pursue. See <er>Chase</er> <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Chachalaca</h1>
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<hw>Cha`cha*la"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name, prob. given in imitation of its cry.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The texan guan (<spn>Ortalis vetula</spn>).</def> <altsp>[written also <asp>chiacalaca</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Chak</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Chak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To toss up the head frequently, as a horse to avoid the restraint of the bridle.</def>

<h1>Chacma</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Chac"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <def>A large species of African baboon (<spn>Cynocephalus porcarius</spn>); -- called also <altname>ursine baboon</altname>. <note>[See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Baboon</er>.]</note></def>

<h1>Chaconne</h1>
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<hw>Cha*conne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Sp. <ets>chacona</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An old Spanish dance in moderate three-four measure, like the Passacaglia, which is slower. Both are used by classical composers as themes for variations.</def>

<h1>Chad</h1>
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<hw>Chad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Shad</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ch\'91tetes</h1>
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<hw>Ch\'91*te"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hair.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fossil corals, common in the lower Silurian limestones.</def>

<h1>Ch\'91tiferous</h1>
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<hw>Ch\'91*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hair + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Bearing set\'91.</def>

<h1>Ch\'91todont</h1>
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<hw>Ch\'91"to*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hair + <?/, <?/, tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine fish of the family <i>Ch\'91todontid\'91</i>. The ch\'91todonts have broad, compressed bodies, and usually bright colors.</def>

<h1>Ch\'91todont</h1>
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<hw>Ch\'91to*dont</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Ch\'91todonts or the family <i>Ch\'91todontid\'91</i>.</def>

<h1>Ch\'91tognath</h1>
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<hw>Ch\'91"tog*nath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Ch\'91tognatha.</def>

<h1>Ch\'91tognatha</h1>
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<hw>Ch\'91*tog"na*tha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ hair + <?/ jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>An order of free-swimming marine worms, of which the genus <spn>Sagitta</spn> is the type. They have groups of curved spines on each side of the head.</def>

<h1>Ch\'91topod</h1>
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<hw>Ch\'91"to*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Ch\'91topoda.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Ch\'91topoda.</def></def2>

<h1>Ch\'91topoda</h1>
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<hw>Ch\'91*top"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ hair + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very extensive order of Annelida, characterized by the presence of lateral set\'91, or spines, on most or all of the segments.  They are divided into two principal groups: <spn>Oligoch\'91ta</spn>, including the earthworms and allied forms, and <spn>Polych\'91ta</spn>, including most of the marine species.</def>

<h1>Ch\'91totaxy</h1>
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<hw>Ch\'91"to*tax`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hair + <?/ arrangement.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The arrangement of bristles on an insect.</def>

<h1>Chafe</h1>
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<hw>Chafe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chafed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chafing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>chaufen</ets> to warm, OF. <ets>chaufer</ets>, F. <ets>chauffer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>calefacere</ets>, <ets>calfacere</ets>, to make warm; <ets>calere</ets> to be warm + <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Caldron</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ecxite heat in by friction; to rub in order to stimulate and make warm.</def>

<blockquote>To rub her temples, and to <b>chafe</b> her skin.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To excite passion or anger in; to fret; to irritate.</def>

<blockquote>Her intercession <b>chafed</b> him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fret and wear by rubbing; <as>as, to <ex>chafe</ex> a cable</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Two slips of parchment which she sewed round it to prevent its being <b>chafed</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To rub; fret; gall; vex; excite; inflame.</syn>

<h1>Chafe</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Chafe</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction.</def>

<blockquote>Made its great boughs <b>chafe</b> together.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The troubled Tiber <b>chafing</b> with her shores.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be worn by rubbing; <as>as, a cable <ex>chafes</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To have a feeling of vexation; to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>He will <b>chafe</b> at the doctor's marrying my daughter.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chafe</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Chafe</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Heat excited by friction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Injury or wear caused by friction.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Vexation; irritation of mind; rage.</def>

<blockquote>The cardinal in a <b>chafe</b> sent for him to Whitehall.
<i>Camden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chafer</h1>
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<hw>Chaf"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who chafes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vessel for heating water; -- hence, a dish or pan.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>chafer</b> of water to cool the ends of the irons.
<i>Baker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chafer</h1>
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<hw>Chaf"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ceafor</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kever</ets>, G <ets>k\'89fer</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of beetle; the cockchafer. The name is also applied to other species; <as>as, the rose <ex>chafer</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Chafery</h1>
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<hw>Chaf"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chafe</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Iron Works)</fld> <def>An open furnace or forge, in which blooms are heated before being wrought into bars.</def>

<h1>Chafewax, &or; Chaffwax</h1>
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<hw><hw>Chafe"wax`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Chaff"wax`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Formerly a chancery officer who fitted wax for sealing writs and other documents.</def>

<h1>Chafeweed</h1>
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<hw>Chafe"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The cudweed (<spn>Gnaphalium</spn>), used to prevent or cure chafing.</def>

<h1>Chaff</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Chaff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AC. <ets>ceaf</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kaf</ets>, G. <ets>kaff</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The glumes or husks of grains and grasses separated from the seed by threshing and winnowing, etc.</def>

<blockquote>So take the corn and leave the <b>chaff</b> behind.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Old birds are not caught with <b>caff</b>.
<i>Old Proverb.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything of a comparatively light and worthless character; the refuse part of anything.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>chaff</b> and ruin of the times.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Straw or hay cut up fine for the food of cattle.</def>

<blockquote>By adding <b>chaff</b> to his corn, the horse must take more time to eat it. In this way <b>chaff</b> is very useful.
<i>Ywatt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Light jesting talk; banter; raillery.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The scales or bracts on the receptacle, which subtend each flower in the heads of many <i>Composit\'91</i>, as the sunflower.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<cs><col>Chaff cutter</col>, <cd>a machine for cutting, up straw, etc., into "chaff" for the use of cattle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chaff</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Chaff</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chaffed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chaffing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To use light, idle lagnguage by way of fun or ridicule; to banter.</def>

<h1>Chaff</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Chaff</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make fun of; to turn into ridicule by addressing in ironical or bantering language; to quiz.</def>

<blockquote>Morgan saw that his master was <b>chaffing</b> him.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A dozen honest fellows . . . <b>chaffed</b> each other about their sweethearts.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chaffer</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Chaff"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who chaffs.</def>

<h1>Chaffer</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Chaf"fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>chaffare</ets>, <ets>cheapfare</ets>; AS. <ets>ce\'a0p</ets> a bargain, price + <ets>faru</ets> a journey; hence, originally, a going to barain, to market. See <er>Cheap</er>, and <er>Fare</er>.]</ety> <def>Bargaining; merchandise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holished.</i>

<h1>Chaffer</h1>
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<hw>Chaf"fer</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chaffered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chaffering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>chaffaren</ets>, fr. <ets>chaffare</ets>, <ets>chapfare</ets>, <ets>cheapfare</ets>, a bargaining. See <er>Chaffer</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To treat or dispute about a purchase; to bargain; to haggle or higgle; to negotiate.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>chaffer</b> for preferments with his gold.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To talk much and idly; to chatter.</def>

<i>Trench.</i>

<h1>Chaffer</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Chaf"fer</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To buy or sell; to trade in.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>chaffered</b> chairs in which churchmen were set.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exchange; to bandy, as words.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Chafferer</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Chaf"fer*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who chaffers; a bargainer.</def>

<h1>Chaffern</h1>
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<hw>Chaf"fern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chafe</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A vessel for heating water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Chaffery</h1>
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<hw>Chaf"fer*y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Traffic; bargaining.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Chaffinch</h1>
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<hw>Chaf"finch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chiff-chaff</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of Europe (<spn>Fringilla c\'d2lebs</spn>), having a variety of very sweet songs, and highly valued as a cage bird; -- called also <altname>copper finch</altname>.</def>

<h1>Chaffing</h1>
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<hw>Chaff"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The use of light, frivolous language by way of fun or ridicule; raillery; banter.</def>

<h1>Chaffless</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Chaff"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without chaff.</def>

<h1>Chaffy</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Chaff"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abounding in, or resembling, chaff.</def>

<blockquote><b>Chaffy</b> grain beneath the thresher's flail.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Light or worthless as chaff.</def>

<blockquote>Slight and <b>chaffy</b> opinion.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Resembling chaff; composed of light dry scales.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Bearing or covered with dry scales, as the under surface of certain ferns, or the disk of some composite flowers.</def>

<h1>Chafing</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Chaf"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chafe</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>The act of rubbing, or wearing by friction; making by rubbing.</def>

<cs><col>Chafing dish</col>, <cd>a dish or vessel for cooking on the table, or for keeping food warm, either by coals, by a lamp, or by hot water; a portable grate for coals.</cd> -- <col>Chafing gear</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>any material used to protect sails, rigging, or the like, at points where they are exposed to friction.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chagreen</h1>
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<hw>Cha*green"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Shagreen</er>.</def>

<h1>Chagrin</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Cha*grin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>chagrin</ets> shagreen, a particular kind of rough and grained leather; also a rough fishskin used for graters and files; hence (<ets>Fig</ets>.), a gnawing, corroding grief. See <er>Shagreen</er>.]</ety> <def>Vexation; mortification.</def>

<blockquote>I must own that I felt rather vexation and <b>chagrin</b> than hope and satisfaction.
<i>Richard Porson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hear me, and touch Belinda with <b>chagrin</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Vexation; mortification; peevishness; fretfulness; disgust; disquiet.</syn> <usage> <er>Chagrin</er>, <er>Vexation</er>, <er>Mortification</er>. These words agree in the general sense of pain produced by untoward circumstances. <i>Vexation</i> is a feeling of disquietude or irritating uneasiness from numerous causes, such as losses, disappointments, etc. <i>Mortification</i> is a stronger word, and denotes that keen sense of pain which results fron wounded pride or humiliating occurrences. <i>Chagrin</i> is literally the cutting pain produced by the friction of <i>Shagreen</i> leather; in its figurative sense, it varies in meaning, denoting in its lower degrees simply a state of vexation, and its higher degrees the keenest sense of mortification.</usage>

"<i>Vexation</i> arises chiefly fron our wishes and views being crossed: <i>mortification</i>, from our self-importance being hurt; <i>chagrin</i>, from a mixture of the two."
<i>Crabb.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chagrin</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Cha*grin"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chagrined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chargrining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chagriner</ets> See <er>Chagrin</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To excite ill-humor in; to vex; to mortify; <as>as, he was not a little <ex>chagrined</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Chagrin</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Cha*grin"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be vexed or annoyed.</def>

<i>Fielding.</i>

<h1>Chagrin</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Cha*grin"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Chagrined.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Chain</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Chain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cha\'8cne</ets>, fr. L. <ets>catena</ets>. Cf. <er>Catenate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A series of links or rings, usually of metal, connected, or fitted into one another, used for various purposes, as of support, of restraint, of ornament, of the exertion and transmission of mechanical power, etc.</def>

<blockquote>[They] put a <b>chain</b> of gold about his neck.
<i>Dan. v. 29.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which confines, fetters, or secures, as a chain; a bond; <as>as, the <ex>chains</ex> of habit</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Driven down
To <b>chains</b> of darkness and the undying worm.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A series of things linked together; or a series of things connected and following each other in succession; <as>as, a <ex>chain</ex> of mountains; a <ex>chain</ex> of events or ideas.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Surv.)</fld> <def>An instrument which consists of links and is used in measuring land.</def>

<note>&hand; One commonly in use is <i>Gunter's chain</i>, which consists of one hundred links, each link being seven inches and ninety-two one hundredths in length; making up the total length of rods, or sixty-six, feet; hence, a measure of that length; hence, also, a unit for land measure equal to four rods square, or one tenth of an acre.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Iron links bolted to the side of a vessel to bold the dead-eyes connected with the shrouds; also, the channels.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>The warp threads of a web.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<cs><col>Chain belt</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a belt made of a chain; -- used for transmitting power.</cd> -- <col>Chain boat</col>, <cd>a boat fitted up for recovering lost cables, anchors, etc.</cd> -- <col>Chain bolt</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>The bolt at the lower end of the chain plate, which fastens it to the vessel's side.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A bolt with a chain attached for drawing it out of position.</cd> -- <col>Chain bond</col>. <cd>See <cref>Chain timber</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Chain bridge</col>, <cd>a bridge supported by chain cables; a suspension bridge.</cd> -- <col>Chain cable</col>, <cd>a cable made of iron links.</cd> -- <col>Chain coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fossil coral of the genus <spn>Halysites</spn>, common in the middle and upper Silurian rocks. The tubular corallites are united side by side in groups, looking in an end view like links of a chain. When perfect, the calicles show twelve septa.</cd> -- <col>Chain coupling</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A shackle for uniting lengths of chain, or connecting a chain with an object.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <cd>Supplementary coupling together of cars with a chain.</cd> -- <col>Chain gang</col>, <cd>a gang of convicts chained together.</cd> -- <col>Chain hook</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a hook, used for dragging cables about the deck.</cd> -- <col>Chain mail</col>, <cd>flexible, defensive armor of hammered metal links wrought into the form of a garment.</cd> -- <col>Chain molding</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a form of molding in imitation of a chain, used in the Normal style.</cd> -- <col>Chain pier</col>, <cd>a pier suspended by chain.</cd> -- <col>Chain pipe</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an opening in the deck, lined with iron, through which the cable is passed into the lockers or tiers.</cd> -- <col>Chain plate</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>one of the iron plates or bands, on a vessel's side, to which the standing rigging is fastened.</cd> -- <col>Chain pulley</col>, <cd>a pulley with depressions in the periphery of its wheel, or projections from it, made to fit the links of a chain.</cd> -- <col>Chain pumps</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Chain rule</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>a theorem for solving numerical problems by composition of ratios, or compound proportion, by which, when several ratios of equality are given, the consequent of each being the same as the antecedent of the next, the relation between the first antecedent and the last consequent is discovered.</cd> -- <col>Chain shot</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>two cannon balls united by a shot chain, formerly used in naval warfare on account of their destructive effect on a ship's rigging.</cd> -- <col>Chain stitch</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Chain timber</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Bond timber</cref>, under <er>Bond</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chain wales</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Channels</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chain wheel</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Closed chain</col>, <col>Open chain</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>terms applied to the chemical structure of compounds whose rational formul\'91 are written respectively in the form of a closed ring (see <cref>Benzene nucleus</cref>, under <er>Benzene</er>), or in an open extended form.</cd> -- <col>Endless chain</col>, <cd>a chain whose ends have been united by a link.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chain</h1>
<Xpage=236>

<hw>Chain</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. p. p.</tt> <er>Chained</er> <tt>(ch\'bend)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chaining</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fasten, bind, or connect with a chain; to fasten or bind securely, as with a chain; <as>as, <ex>to chain</ex> a bulldog</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Chained</b> behind the hostile car.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To keep in slavery; to enslave.</def>

<blockquote>And which more blest? who <b>chained</b> his country, say
Or he whose virtue sighed to lose a day?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To unite closely and strongly.</def>

<blockquote>And in this vow do <b>chain</b> my soul to thine.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Surveying)</fld> <def>To measure with the chain.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To protect by drawing a chain across, as a harbor.</def>

<hr>
<page="237">
Page 237<p>

<h1>Chainless</h1>
<Xpage=237>

<hw>Chain"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no chain; not restrained or fettered.</def> "The <i>chainless</i> mind."

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Chainlet</h1>
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<hw>Chain"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small chain.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Chain pump</h1>
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<hw>Chain" pump`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A pump consisting of an endless chain, running over a drum or wheel by which it is moved, and dipping below the water to be raised. The chain has at intervals disks or lifts which fit the tube through which the ascending part passes and carry the water to the point of discharge.</def>

<h1>Chain stitch</h1>
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<hw>Chain" stitch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ornamental stitch like the links of a chain; -- used in crocheting, sewing, and embroidery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Machine Sewing)</fld> <def>A stitch in which the looping of the thread or threads forms a chain on the under side of the work; the loop stitch, as distinguished from the lock stitch. See <er>Stitch</er>.</def>

<h1>Chain wheel</h1>
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<hw>Chain" wheel`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chain pulley, or sprocket wheel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inversion of the chain pump, by which it becomes a motor driven by water.</def>

<h1>Chainwork</h1>
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<hw>Chain"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Work looped or linked after the manner of a chain; chain stitch work.</def>

<h1>Chair</h1>
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<hw>Chair</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>chaiere</ets>, <ets>chaere</ets>, OF. <ets>chaiere</ets>, <ets>chaere</ets>, F. <ets>chaire</ets> pulpit, fr. L. <ets>cathedra</ets> chair, armchair, a teacher's or professor's chair, Gr. <?/ down + <?/ seat, <?/ to sit, akin to E. <ets>sit</ets>. See <er>Sit</er>, and cf. <er>Cathedral</er>, <er>chaise</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A movable single seat with a back.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An official seat, as of a chief magistrate or a judge, but esp. that of a professor; hence, the office itself.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>chair</b> of a philosophical school.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>chair</b> of philology.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The presiding officer of an assembly; a chairman; <as>as, to address the <ex>chair</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A vehicle for one person; either a sedan borne upon poles, or two-wheeled carriage, drawn by one horse; a gig.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Think what an equipage thou hast in air,
And view with scorn two pages and a <b>chair</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An iron blok used on railways to support the rails and secure them to the sleepers.</def>

<cs><col>Chair days</col>, <cd>days of repose and age.</cd> -- <col>To put into the chair</col>, <cd>to elect as president, or as chairman of a meeting. <i>Macaulay<i>.</cd> -- <col>To take the chair</col>, <cd>to assume the position of president, or of chairman of a meeting.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chair</h1>
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<hw>Chair</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. pr.</tt> <er>Chaired</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chairing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place in a chair.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To carry publicly in a chair in triumph.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Chairman</h1>
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<hw>Chair"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chairmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>.

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The presiding officer of a committee, or of a public or private meeting, or of any organized body.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One whose business it is to cary a chair or sedan.</def>

<blockquote>Breaks watchmen's heads and <b>chairmen's</b> glasses.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chairmanship</h1>
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<hw>Chair"man*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a chairman of a meeting or organized body.</def>

<h1>Chaise</h1>
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<hw>Chaise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chaise</ets> seat, or chair, chaise or carriage, for <ets>chaire</ets>, from a peculiar Parisian pronunciation. See <er>Chair</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A two-wheeled carriage for two persons, with a calash top, and the body hung on leather straps, or thoroughbraces. It is usually drawn by one horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <mark>Loosely</mark>, <def>a carriage in general.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Chaja</h1>
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<hw>Cha"ja</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The crested screamer of Brazil (<spn>Palamedea, &or; Chauna, chavaria</spn>), so called in imitation of its notes; -- called also <altname>chauna</altname>, and <altname>faithful kamichi</altname>. It is often domesticated and is useful in guarding other poultry. See <er>Kamichi</er>.</def>

<h1>Chalaza</h1>
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<hw>Cha*la"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Chalazas</plw>, L. <plw>Chalaz\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hail, pimple.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The place on an ovule, or seed, where its outer coats cohere with each other and the nucleus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A spiral band of thickened albuminous substance which exists in the white of the bird's egg, and serves to maintain the yolk in its position; the treadle.</def>

<h1>Chalazal</h1>
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<hw>Cha*la"zal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the chalaza.</def>

<h1>Chalaze</h1>
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<hw>Cha*laze"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Chalaza</er>.</def>

<h1>Chalaziferous</h1>
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<hw>Chal`a*zif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chalaza</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having or bearing chalazas.</def>

<h1>Chalazion</h1>
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<hw>Cha*la"zi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ dim. of <?/ hail, pimple.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A small circumscribed tumor of the eyelid caused by retention of secretion, and by inflammation of the Melbomian glands.</def>

<h1>Chalcanthite</h1>
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<hw>Chal*can"thite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>chalcanthum</ets> a solution of blue vitriol, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native blue vitriol. See <cref>Blue vitriol</cref>, under <er>Blue</er>.</def>

<h1>Chalcedonic</h1>
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<hw>Chal"ce*don"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to chalcedony.</def>

<h1>Chalcedony</h1>
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<hw>Chal*ced"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chalcedonies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[ L. <ets>chalcedonius</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ Chalcedon, a town in Asia Minor, opposite to Byzantium: cf. <ets>calc\'82doine</ets>, OE. <ets>calcidoine</ets>, <ets>casidoyne</ets>. Cf. <er>Cassidony</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A cryptocrystalline, translucent variety of quartz, having usually a whitish color, and a luster nearly like wax.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>calcedony</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; When chalcedony is variegated with with spots or figures, or arranged in differently colored layers, it is called <i>agate</i>; and if by reason of the thickness, color, and arrangement of the layers it is suitable for being carved into cameos, it is called <i>onyx</i>. <i>Chrysoprase</i> is green chalcedony; <i>carnelian</i>, a flesh red, and <i>sard</i>, a brownish red variety.</note>

<h1>Chalchihuitl</h1>
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<hw>Chal`chi*huitl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The Mexican name for turquoise. See <er>Turquoise</er>.</def>

<h1>Chalcid fly</h1>
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<hw>Chal"cid fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From Gr. <?/ copper; in allusion to its color.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a numerous family of hymenopterous insects (<spn>Chalcidid\'91</spn>. Many are gallflies, others are parasitic on insects.</def>

<h1>Chalcidian</h1>
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<hw>Chal*cid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>chalcis</ets> a lizard, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a tropical family of snakelike lizards (<spn>Chalcid\'91</spn>), having four small or rudimentary legs.</def>

<h1>Chalcocite</h1>
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<hw>Chal"co*cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ brass.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native copper sulphide, called also <altname>copper glance</altname>, and <altname>vitreous copper</altname>; a mineral of a black color and metallic luster.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written <asp>chalcosine</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Chalcographer, Chalcographist</h1>
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<hw><hw>Chal*cog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chal*cog"ra*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>An engraver on copper or brass; hence, an engraver of copper plates for printing upon paper.</def>

<h1>Chalcography</h1>
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<hw>Chal*cog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ copper, brass + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or art of engraving on copper or brass, especially of engraving for printing.</def>

<h1>Chalcopyrite</h1>
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<hw>Chal`co*pyr"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ brass + E. <ets>pyrite</ets>. So named from its color.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Copper pyrites, or yellow copper ore; a common ore of opper, containing copper, iron, and sulphur. It occurs massive and in tetragonal crystals of a bright brass yellow color.</def>

<h1>Chaldaic</h1>
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<hw>Chal*da"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Chaldaicus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Chaldes.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The language or dialect of the Chaldeans; Chaldee.</def></def2>

<h1>Chaldaism</h1>
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<hw>Chal"da*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An idiom or peculiarity in the Chaldee dialect.</def>

<h1>Chaldean</h1>
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<hw>Chal*de"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Chaldaeus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Chaldea.</def>  -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A native or inhabitant of Chaldea.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A learned man, esp. an astrologer; -- so called among the Eastern nations, because astrology and the kindred arts were much cultivated by the Chaldeans.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Nestorian.</def></def2>

<h1>Chaldee</h1>
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<hw>Chal"dee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Chaldea.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The language or dialect of the Chaldeans; eastern Aramaic, or the Aramaic used in Chaldea.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Chaldee Paraphrase</col>, <cd>A targum written in Aramaic.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chaldrich, Chalder</h1>
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<hw><hw>Chal"drich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chal"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>tjaldr</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of bird; the oyster catcher.</def>

<h1>Chaldron</h1>
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<hw>Chal"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>chaldron</ets>, F. <ets>chaudron</ets> kettle. The same word as <ets>caldron</ets>.]</ety> <def>An English dry measure, being, at London, 36 bushels heaped up, or its equivalent weight, and more than twice as much at Newcastle. Now used exlusively for coal and coke.</def>

<note>&hand; In the United States the <i>chaldron</i> is ordinarily 2,940 lbs, but at New York it is 2,500 lbs.</note>

<i>De Colange.</i>

<h1>Chalet</h1>
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<hw>Cha*let"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A herdsman's hut in the mountains of Switzerland.</def>

<blockquote><b>Chalets</b> are summer huts for the Swiss herdsmen.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A summer cottage or country house in the Swiss mountains; any country house built in the style of the Swiss cottages.</def>

<h1>Chalice</h1>
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<hw>Chal"ice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OR. <ets>chalis</ets>, <ets>calice</ets>, OF. <ets>chalice</ets>, <ets>calice</ets>, F. <ets>calice</ets>, fr. L. <ets>calix</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/ and E. <ets>helmet</ets>. Cf. <er>Calice</er>, <er>Calyx</er>.]</ety> <def>A cup or bowl; especially, the cup used in the sacrament of the Lord's Supper.</def>

<h1>Chaliced</h1>
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<hw>Chal"iced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a calyx or cup; cupshaped.</def> "<i>Chaliced</i> flowers."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Chalk</h1>
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<hw>Chalk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cealc</ets> lime, from L. <ets>calx</ets> limestone. See <er>Calz</er>, and <er>Cawk</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A soft, earthy substance, of a white, grayish, or yellowish white color, consisting of calcium carbonate, and having the same composition as common limestone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Finely prepared chalk, used as a drawing implement; also, by extension, a compound, as of clay and black lead, or the like, used in the same manner. See <er>Crayon</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Black chalk</col>, <cd>a mineral of a bluish color, of a slaty texture, and soiling the fingers when handled; a variety of argillaceous slate.</cd> -- <col>By a long chalk</col>, <cd>by a long way; by many degrees. <mark>[Slang]</mark> <i>Lowell</i>.</cd> -- <col>Chalk drawing</col> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld>, <cd>a drawing made with crayons. See <er>Crayon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chalk formation</col>. <cd>See <cref>Cretaceous formation</cref>, under <er>Cretaceous</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chalk line</col>, <cd>a cord rubbed with chalk, used for making straight lines on boards or other material, as a guide in cutting or in arranging work.</cd> -- <col>Chalk mixture</col>, <cd>a preparation of chalk, cinnamon, and sugar in gum water, much used in diarrheal affection, esp. of infants.</cd> -- <col>Chalk period</col>. <cd><fld>(Geol.)</fld> See <cref>Cretaceous period</cref>, under <er>Cretaceous</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chalk pit</col>, <cd>a pit in which chalk is dug.</cd> -- <col>Drawing chalk</col>. <cd>See <er>Crayon</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</cd> -- <col>French chalk</col>, <cd>steatite or soapstone, a soft magnesian mineral.</cd> -- <col>Red chalk</col>, <cd>an indurated clayey ocher containing iron, and used by painters and artificers; reddle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chalk</h1>
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<hw>Chalk</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chalked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chalking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rub or mark with chalk.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To manure with chalk, as land.</def>

<i>Morimer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make white, as with chalk; to make pale; to bleach.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>Let a bleak paleness <b>chalk</b> the door.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To chalk out</col>, <cd>to sketch with, or as with, chalk; to outline; to indicate; to plan. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "I shall pursue the plan I have <i>chalked out<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Chalkcutter</h1>
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<hw>Chalk"cut`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A man who digs chalk.</def>

<h1>Chalkiness</h1>
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<hw>Chalk"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being chalky.</def>

<h1>Chalkstone</h1>
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<hw>Chalk"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mass of chalk.</def>

<blockquote>As <b>chalkstones</b> . . . beaten in sunder.
<i>Isa. xxvii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A chalklike concretion, consisting mainly of urate of sodium, found in and about the small joints, in the external ear, and in other situations, in those affected with gout; a tophus.</def>

<h1>Chalky</h1>
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<hw>Chalk"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, or resembling, chalk; containing chalk; <as>as, a <ex>chalky</ex> cliff; a <ex>chalky</ex> taste.</as></def>

<h1>Challenge</h1>
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<hw>Chal"lenge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>chalenge</ets> claim, accusation, challenge, OF. <ets>chalenge</ets>, <ets>chalonge</ets>, claim, accusation, contest, fr. L. <ets>calumnia</ets> false accusation, chicanery. See <er>Calumny</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An invitation to engage in a contest or controversy of any kind; a defiance; specifically, a summons to fight a duel; also, the letter or message conveying the summons.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>challenge</b> to controversy.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of a sentry in halting any one who appears at his post, and demanding the countersign.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A claim or demand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There must be no <b>challenge</b> of superiority.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Hunting)</fld> <def>The opening and crying of hounds at first finding the scent of their game.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An exception to a juror or to a member of a court martial, coupled with a demand that he should be held incompetent to act; the claim of a party that a certain person or persons shall not sit in trial upon him or his cause.</def>

<i>Blackstone</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An exception to a person as not legally qualifed to vote. The challenge must be made when the ballot is offered.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Challenge to the array</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an exception to the whole panel.</cd> -- <col>Challenge to the favor</col>, <cd>the alleging a special cause, the sufficiency of which is to be left to those whose duty and office it is to decide upon it.</cd> -- <col>Challenge to the polls</col>, <cd>an exception taken to any one or more of the individual jurors returned.</cd> -- <col>Peremptory challenge</col>, <cd>a privilege sometimes allowed to defendants, of challenging a certain number of jurors (fixed by statute in different States) without assigning any cause.</cd> -- <col>Principal challenge</col>, <cd>that which the law allows to be sufficient if found to be true.</cd></cs>

<h1>Challenge</h1>
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<hw>Chal"lenge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Challenged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Challenging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>chalengen</ets> to accuse, claim, OF. <ets>chalengier</ets>, <ets>chalongier</ets>, to claim, accuse, dispute, fr. L. <ets>calumniar</ets> to attack with false accusations. See <er>Challenge</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Calumniate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To call to a contest of any kind; to call to answer; to defy.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>challenge</b> any man to make any pretense to power by right of fatherhood.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To call, invite, or summon to answer for an offense by personal combat.</def>

<blockquote>By this I <b>challenge</b> him to single fight.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To claim as due; to demand as a right.</def>

<blockquote><b>Challenge</b> better terms.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To censure; to blame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He complained of the emperors . . . and <b>challenged</b> them for that he had no greater revenues . . . from them.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To question or demand the countersign from (one who attempts to pass the lines); as, the sentinel <i>challenged</i> us, with  "Who comes there?"</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To take exception to; question; <as>as, to <ex>challenge</ex> the accuracy of a statement or of a quotation</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To object to or take exception to, as to a juror, or member of a court.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To object to the reception of the vote of, as on the ground that the person in not qualifed as a voter.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<cs><mcol><col>To challenge to the array</col>, <col>favor</col>, <col>polls</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Challenge</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Challenge</h1>
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<hw>Chal"lenge</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To assert a right; to claim a place.</def>

<blockquote>Where nature doth with merit <b>challenge</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Challengeable</h1>
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<hw>Chal"lenge*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be challenged.</def>

<h1>Challenger</h1>
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<hw>Chal"len*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who challenges.</def>

<h1>Challis</h1>
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<hw>Chal"lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chaly</ets>, <ets>challis</ets>, a stuff made of goat's hair.]</ety> <def>A soft and delicate woolen, or woolen and silk, fabric, for ladies' dresses.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chally</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Chalon</h1>
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<hw>Cha"lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bed blanket.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Chalybean</h1>
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<hw>Cha*lyb"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>chalybe\'8bus</ets>, fr. <ets>chalybs</ets> steel, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the Chalybes, an ancient people of Pontus in Asia Minor, celebrated for working in iron and steel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of superior quality and temper; -- applied to steel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Chalybeate</h1>
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<hw>Cha*lyb"e*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>chalybeatus</ets>, fr. <ets>chalube\'8bus</ets>. See <er>Chalubean</er>.]</ety> <def>Impregnated with salts of iron; having a taste like iron; <as>as, <ex>chalybeate</ex> springs</as>.</def>

<h1>Chalybeate</h1>
<Xpage=237>

<hw>Cha*lyb"e*ate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any water, liquid, or medicine, into which iron enters as an ingredient.</def>

<h1>Chalybeous</h1>
<Xpage=237>

<hw>Cha*lyb"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Steel blue; of the color of tempered steel.</def>

<h1>Chalybite</h1>
<Xpage=237>

<hw>Chal"y*bite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native iron carbonate; -- usually called <i>siderite</i>.</def>

<h1>Cham</h1>
<Xpage=237>

<hw>Cham</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chap</er>.]</ety> <def>To chew.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Cham</h1>
<Xpage=237>

<hw>Cham</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Khan</er>.]</ety> <def>The sovereign prince of Tartary; -- now usually written <asp>khan</asp>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Chamade</h1>
<Xpage=237>

<hw>Cha*made</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chamade</ets>, fr. Pg. <ets>chamada</ets>, fr. <ets>chamar</ets> to call, fr. L. <ets>clamare</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A signal made for a parley by beat of a drum.</def>

<blockquote>They beat the <b>chamade</b>, and sent us carte blanche.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chamal</h1>
<Xpage=237>

<hw>Cha"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Angora goat. See <cref>Angora goat</cref>, under <er>Angora</er>.</def>

<h1>Chamber</h1>
<Xpage=237>

<hw>Cham"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chambre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>camera</ets> vault, arched roof, in LL. chamber, fr. Gr. <?/ anything with a vaulted roof or arched covering; cf. Skr. <ets>kmar</ets> to be crooked. Cf. <er>Camber</er>, <er>Camera</er>, <er>Comrade</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A retired room, esp. an upper room used for sleeping; a bedroom; <as>as, the house had four <ex>chambers</ex></as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="238">
Page 238<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Apartments in a lodging house.</def> "A bachelor's life in <i>chambers</i>."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A hall, as where a king gives audience, or a deliberative body or assembly meets; <as>as, presence <ex>chamber</ex>; senate <ex>chamber</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A legislative or judicial body; an assembly; a society or association; <as>as, the <ex>Chamber</ex> of Deputies; the <ex>Chamber</ex> of Commerce.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A compartment or cell; an inclosed space or cavity; <as>as, the <ex>chamber</ex> of a canal lock; the <ex>chamber</ex> of a furnace; the <ex>chamber</ex> of the eye.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Law.)</fld> <def>A room or rooms where a lawyer transacts business; a room or rooms where a judge transacts such official business as may be done out of court.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A chamber pot.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of the bore of a piece of ordnance which holds the charge, esp. when of different diameter from the rest of the bore; -- formerly, in guns, made smaller than the bore, but now larger, esp. in breech-loading guns.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A cavity in a mine, usually of a cubical form, to contain the powder.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A short piece of ornance or cannon, which stood on its breech, without any carriage, formerly used chiefly for rejoicings and theatrical cannonades.</def>

<cs><col>Air chamber</col>. <cd>See <er>Air chamber</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Chamber of commerce</col>, <cd>a board or association to protect the interests of commerce, chosen from among the merchants and traders of a city.</cd> -- <col>Chamber council</col>, <cd>a secret council. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Chamber counsel</col> &or; <col>counselor</col></mcol>, <cd>a counselor who gives his opinion in private, or at his chambers, but does not advocate causes in court.</cd> -- <col>Chamber fellow</col>, <cd>a chamber companion; a roommate; a chum.</cd> -- <col>Chamber hangings</col>, <cd>tapestry or hangings for a chamber.</cd> -- <col>Chamber lye</col>, <cd>urine. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Chamber music</col>, <cd>vocal or instrumental music adapted to performance in a chamber or small apartment or audience room, instead of a theater, concert hall, or chuch.</cd> -- <col>Chamber practice</col> <fld>(Law.)</fld>, <cd>the practice of counselors at law, who give their opinions in private, but do not appear in court.</cd> -- <col>To sit at chambers</col>, <cd>to do business in chambers, as a judge.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chamber</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chambered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chambering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reside in or occupy a chamber or chambers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be lascivious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chamber</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"ber</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shut up, as inn a chamber.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with a chamber; <as>as, to <ex>chamber</ex> a gun</as>.</def>

<h1>Chambered</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"bered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a chamber or chambers; <as>as, a <ex>chambered</ex> shell; a <ex>chambered</ex> gun.</as></def>

<h1>Chamberer</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"ber*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who attends in a chamber; a chambermaid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A civilian; a carpetmonger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chambering</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"ber*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Lewdness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. xiii. 13.</i>

<h1>Chamberlain</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"ber*lain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>chamberlain</ets>, <ets>chambrelencF</ets>. <ets>chambellon</ets>, OHG. <ets>chamerling</ets>, <ets>chamarlinc</ets>, G. <ets>k\'84mmerling</ets>, <ets>kammer</ets> chamber (fr. L. <ets>camera</ets>) + <ets>-ling</ets>. See <er>Chamber</er>, and <er>-ling</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written <asp>chamberlin</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An officer or servant who has charge of a chamber or chambers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An upper servant of an inn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An officer having the direction and management of the private chambers of a nobleman or monarch; hence, in Europe, one of the high officers of a court.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A treasurer or receiver of public money; <as>as, the <ex>chamberlain</ex> of London, of North Wales, etc.</as></def>

<cs><col>The lord chamberlain of England</col>, <cd>an officer of the crown, who waits upon the sovereign on the day of coronation, and provides requisites for the palace of Westminster, and for the House of Lords during the session of Parliament. Under him are the gentleman of the black rod and other officers. His office is distinct from that of the <i>lord chamberlain of the Household<i>, whose functions relate to the royal housekeeping.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chamberlainship</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"ber*lain*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Office if a chamberlain.</def>

<h1>Chambermaid</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"ber*maid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A maidservant who has the care of chambers, making the beds, sweeping, cleaning the rooms, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lady's maid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Chambertin</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham`ber*tin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A red wine from Chambertin near Dijon, in Burgundy.</def>

<h1>Chambrel</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"brel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Gambrel</er>.</def>

<h1>Chameck</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cha*meck"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native Brazilian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of spider monkey (<spn>Ateles chameck</spn>), having the thumbs rudimentary and without a nail.</def>

<h1>Chameleon</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cha*me"le*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Chamaeleon</ets>, Gr. <?/, lit., "ground lion;" <?/ on the ground + <?/ lion. See <er>Humble</er>, and <er>Lion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lizardlike reptile of the genus <spn>Cham\'91leo</spn>, of several species, found in Africa, Asia, and Europe. The skin is covered with fine granmulations; the tail is prehensile, and the body is much compressed laterally, giving it a high back.</def>

<note>&hand; Its color changes more or less with the color of the objects about it, or with its temper when disturbed. In a cool, dark place it is nearly white, or grayish; on admitting the light, it changes to brown, bottle-green, or blood red, of various shades, and more or less mottled in arrangment. The American chameleons belong to <spn>Anolis</spn> and allied genera of the family <spn>Iguanid\'91</spn>. They are more slender in form than the true chameleons, but have the same power of changing their colors.</note>

<cs><col>Chameleon mineral</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the compound called <altname>potassium permanganate</altname>, a dark violet, crystalline substance, <chform>KMnO4</chform>, which in formation passes through a peculiar succession of color from green to blue, purple, red, etc. See <cref>Potassium permanganate</cref>, under <er>Potassium</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chameleonize</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cha*me"le*on*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To change into various colors.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Chamfer</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chamfron</er>.]</ety> <def>The surface formed by cutting away the arris, or angle, formed by two faces of a piece of timber, stone, etc.</def>

<h1>Chamfer</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"fer</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chamfered</er> ; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chamfering</er>.(<?/)]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>To cut a furrow in, as in a column; to groove; to channel; to flute.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a chamfer on.</def>

<h1>Chamfret</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"fret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chamfron</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A small gutter; a furrow; a groove.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A chamfer.</def>

<h1>Chamfron</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"fron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chanfrein</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>The frontlet, or head armor, of a horse.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>champfrain</asp> and <asp>chamfrain</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Chamlet</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Camlet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chamois</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"ois</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chamois</ets>, prob. fr. OG. <ets>gamz</ets>, G. <ets>gemse</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small species of antelope (<spn>Rupicapra tragus</spn>), living on the loftiest mountain ridges of Europe, as the Alps, Pyrenees, etc. It possesses remarkable agility, and is a favorite object of chase.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A soft leather made from the skin of the chamois, or from sheepskin, etc.; -- called also <altname>chamois leather</altname>, and <altname>chammy</altname> or <altname>shammy leather</altname>. See <er>Shammy</er>.</def>

<h1>Chamomile</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"o*mile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Camomile</er>.</def>

<h1>Champ</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Champ</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Champed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Champing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob, of Scand. orgin; cf. dial. Sw. <ets>k\'84msa</ets> to chew with difficulty, champ; but cf. also OF. <ets>champier</ets>, <ets>champeyer</ets>, <ets>champoyer</ets>, to graze in fields, fr. F. <ets>champ</ets> field, fr. L. <ets>campus</ets>. Cf. <er>Camp</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bite with repeated action of the teeth so as to be heard.</def>

<blockquote>Foamed and <b>champed</b> the golden bit.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bite into small pieces; to crunch.</def>

<i>Steele.</i>

<h1>Champ</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Champ</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To bite or chew impatiently.</def>

<blockquote>They began . . . irefully to <b>champ</b> upon the bit.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Champ, Champe</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw><hw>Champ</hw>, <hw>Champe</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>champ</ets>, L. <ets>campus</ets> field.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The field or ground on which carving appears in relief.</def>

<h1>Champagne</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham*pagne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Champaign</er>.]</ety> <def>A light wine, of several kinds, originally made in the province of Champagne, in France.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Champagne</i> properly includes several kinds not only of sparkling but off still wines; but in America the term is usually restricted to wines which effervesce.</note>

<h1>Champaign</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham*paign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>champaigne</ets>; same word as <ets>campagne</ets>.]</ety> <def>A flat, open country.</def>

<blockquote>Fair <b>champaign</b>, with less rivers interveined.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Through Apline vale or <b>champaign</b> wide.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Champaign</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham*paign"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Flat; open; level.</def>

<blockquote>A wide, <b>champaign</b> country, filled with herds.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Champer</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Champ"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who champs, or bites.</def>

<h1>Champertor</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"per*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>champarteur</ets> a divider of fields or field rent. See <er>Champerty</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One guilty of champerty; one who purchases a suit, or the right of suing, and carries it on at his own expense, in order to obtain a share of the gain.</def>

<h1>Champerty</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"per*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>champart</ets> field rent, L. <ets>campipars</ets>; <ets>champ</ets> (L. <ets>campus</ets>) field + <ets>part</ets> (<ets>L</ets>. <ets>pars</ets>) share.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Partnership in power; equal share of authority.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Beaut\'82 ne sleighte, strengthe ne hardyness,
Ne may with Venus holde <b>champartye</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The prosecution or defense of a suit, whether by furnishing money or personal services, by one who has no legitimate concern therein, in consideration of an agreement that he shall receive, in the event of success, a share of the matter in suit; maintenance with the addition of an agreement to divide the thing in suit. See <er>Maintenance</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; By many authorities champerty is defined as an <i>agreement</i> of this nature. From early times the offence of champerty has been forbidden and punishable.</note>

<h1>Champignon</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham*pi"gnon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a mushroom, ultimately fr. L. <ets>campus</ets> field. See <er>Camp</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An edible species of mushroom (<spn>Agaricus campestris</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>Fairy ring champignon</col>, <cd>the <spn>Marasmius oreades</spn>, which has a strong flavor but is edible.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chappion</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chap"pi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>champion</ets>, fr. LL.<ets>campio</ets>, of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>chempho</ets>, <ets>chemphio</ets>, fighter, <ets>champf</ets>, G. <ets>kampf</ets>, contest; perh. influenced by L. <ets>campus</ets> field, taken in the sense of "field of battle."]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who engages in any contest; esp. one who in ancient times contended in single combat in behalf of another's honor or rights; or one who acts or speaks in behalf of a person or a cause; a defender; an advocate; a hero.</def>

<blockquote>A stouter <b>champion</b> never handled sword.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Champions</b> of law and liberty.
<i>Fisher Ames.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who by defeating all rivals, has obtained an acknowledged supremacy in any branch of athetics or game of skill, and is ready to contend with any rival; <as>as, the <ex>champion</ex> of England</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Champion</i> is used attributively in the sense of <i>surpassing all competitors</i>; <i>overmastering</i>; as, <i>champion</i> pugilist; <i>champion</i> chess player.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Leader; chieftain; combatant; hero; warrior; defender; protector.</syn>

<h1>Champion</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"pi*on</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Championed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Championing</er>.]</wordforms> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with a champion; to attend or defend as champion; to support or maintain; to protect.</def>

<blockquote><b>Championed</b> or unchampioned, thou diest.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Championness</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"pi*on*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female champion.</def>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Championship</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham"pi*on*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being champion; leadership; supremancy.</def>

<h1>Champlain period</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham*plain" pe"ri*od</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A subdivision of the Quaternary age immediately following the Glacial period; -- so named from beds near Lake Champlain.</def>

<note>&hand; The earlier deposits of this period are diluvial in character, as if formed in connection with floods attending the melting of the glaciers, while the later deposits are of finer material in more quiet waters, as the alluvium.</note>

<h1>Chamsin</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Cham*sin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Kamsin</er>.</def>

<h1>Chance</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chance</ets>, OF. <ets>cheance</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>cadentia</ets> a allusion to the falling of the dice), fr. L. <ets>cadere</ets> to fall; akin to Skr. <ets>\'87ad</ets> to fall, <ets>L</ets>. <ets>cedere</ets> to yield, <ets>E</ets>. <ets>cede</ets>. Cf. <er>Cadence</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A supposed material or psychical agent or mode of activity other than a force, law, or purpose; fortune; fate; -- in this sense often personifed.</def>

<blockquote>It is strictly and philosophically true in nature and reason that there is no such thing as <b>chance</b> or accident; it being evident that these words do not signify anything really existing, anything that is truly an agent or the cause of any event; but they signify merely men's ignorance of the real and immediate cause.
<i>Samuel Clark.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Any society into which <b>chance</b> might throw him.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That power
Which erring men call <b>Chance</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The operation or activity of such agent.</def>

<blockquote>By chance a priest came down that way.
<i>Luke x. 31.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The supposed effect of such an agent; something that befalls, as the result of unknown or unconsidered forces; the issue of uncertain conditions; an event not calculated upon; an unexpected occurrence; a happening; accident; fortuity; casualty.</def>

<blockquote>It was a <b>chance</b> that happened to us.
<i>1 Sam. vi. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Knave of Diamonds tries his wily arts,
And wins (O shameful <b>chance</b>!) the Queen of Hearts.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I spake of most disastrous <b>chance</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A possibity; a likelihood; an opportunity; -- with reference to a doubtful result; <as>as, a <ex>chance</ex> result; <as>as, a <ex>chance</ex> to escape</as>; a <ex>chance</ex> for life; the <ex>chances</ex> are all against him.</as></def>

<blockquote>So weary with disasters, tugged with fortune.
That I would get my life on any <b>chance</b>,
To mend it, or be rid on't
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Probability.</def>

<note>&hand; The mathematical expression, of a <i>chance</i> is the ratio of frequency with which an event happens in the long run. If an event may happen in <i>a</i> ways and may fail in <i>b</i> ways, and each of these <i>a</i> + <i>b</i> ways is equally likely, the <i>chance</i>, or probability, that the event will happen is measured by the fraction <ratio>a/(a + b)</ratio>, and the <i>chance</i>, or probability, that it will fail is measured by <ratio>b/(a + b)</ratio>.</note>

<cs><col>Chance comer</col>, <cd>one who, comes unexpectedly.</cd> -- <col>The last chance</col>, <cd>the sole remaining ground of hope.</cd> -- <col>The main chance</col>, <cd>the chief opportunity; that upon which reliance is had, esp. self-interest.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Theory of chances</col>, <col>Doctrine of chances</col></mcol> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>that branch of mathematics which treats of the probability of the occurrence of particular events, as the fall of dice in given positions.</cd> -- <col>To mind one's chances</col>, <cd>to take advantage of every circumstance; to seize every opportunity.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chance</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chance</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chanced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chancing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To happen, come, or arrive, without design or expectation.</def> "Things that <i>chance</i> daily."

<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i>

<blockquote>If a bird's nest <b>chance</b> to be before thee.
<i>Deut. xxii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>chanced</b> on this letter.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>Often used impersonally; as, how <i>chances</i> it?</note>

<blockquote>How <b>chance</b>, thou art returned so soon?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chance</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chance</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take the chances of; to venture upon; -- usually with <i>it</i> as object.</def>

<blockquote>Come what will, I will <b>chance</b> it.
<i>W. D. Howells.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To befall; to happen to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Lambarde.</i>

<h1>Chance</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chance</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Happening by chance; casual.</def>

<h1>Chance</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chance</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By chance; perchance.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Chanceable</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chance"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fortuitous; casual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chanceably</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chance"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By chance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chanceful</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chance"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hazardous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Chancel</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chan"cel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>chancel</ets>, F. <ets>chanceau</ets>, <ets>cancel</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cancelli</ets> lattices, crossbars. (The <ets>chancel</ets> was formerly inclosed with lattices or crossbars) See <er>Cancel</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of a church, reserved for the use of the clergy, where the altar, or communion table, is placed.</def> Hence, in modern use; <sd>(b)</sd> <def>All that part of a cruciform church which is beyond the line of the transept farthest from the main front.</def>

<cs><col>Chancel aisle</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the aisle which passes on either side of or around the chancel.</cd> -- <col>Chancel arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the arch which spans the main opening, leading to the chancel -- <i>Chancel casement<i>, the principal window in a chancel. <i>Tennyson<i>.</cd> -- <col>Chancel table</col>, <cd>the communion table.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chancellery</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chan"cel*ler*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chancery</er>.]</ety> <def>Chancellorship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Chancellor</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chan"cel*lor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>canceler</ets>, <ets>chaunceler</ets>, F. <ets>chancelier</ets>, LL. <ets>cancellarius</ets> chancellor, a director of chancery, fr. L. <ets>cancelli</ets> lattices, crossbars, which surrounded the seat of judgment. See <er>Chancel</er>.]</ety> <def>A judicial court of chancery, which in England and in the United States is distinctively a court with equity jurisdiction.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>chancellor</i> was originally a chief scribe or secretary under the Roman emperors, but afterward was invested with judicial powers, and had superintendence over the other officers of the empire. From the Roman empire this office passed to the church, and every bishop has his chancellor, the principal judge of his consistory. In later times, in most countries of Europe, the chancellor was a high officer of state, keeper of the great seal of the kingdom, and having the supervision of all charters, and like public instruments of the crown, which were authenticated in the most solemn manner. In France a secretary is in some cases called a <i>chancellor</i>. In Scotland, the appellation is given to the foreman of a jury, or assize. In the present German empire, the <i>chancellor</i> is the president of the federal council and the head of the imperial administration. In the United States, the title is given to certain judges of courts of chancery or equity, established by the statutes of separate States.</note>

<i>Blackstone. Wharton.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Chancellor of a bishop</col>, &or; <col>of a diocese</col></mcol> <fld>(R. C. Ch. & ch. of Eng.)</fld>, <cd>a law officer appointed to hold the bishop's court in his diocese, and to assist him in matter of ecclesiastical law.</cd> -- <col>Chancellor of a cathedral</col>, <cd>one of the four chief dignitaries of the cathedrals of the old foundation, and an officer whose duties are chiefly educational, with special reference to the cultivation of theology.</cd> -- <col>Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</col>, <cd>an officer before whom, or his deputy, the court of the duchy chamber of Lancaster is held. This is a special jurisdiction.</cd> -- <col>Chancellor of a university</col>, <cd>the chief officer of a collegiate body. In Oxford, he is elected for life; in Cambridge, for a term of years; and his office is honorary, the chief duties of it devolving on the vice chancellor.</cd> -- <col>Chancellor of the exchequer</col>, <cd>a member of the British cabinet upon whom devolves the charge of the public income and expenditure as the highest finance minister of the government.</cd> -- <col>Chancellor of the order of the Garter</col> (or other military orders), <cd>an officer who seals the commissions and mandates of the chapter and assembly of the knights, keeps the register of their proceedings, and delivers their acts under the seal of their order.</cd> -- <col>Lord high chancellor of England</col>, <cd>the presiding judge in the court of chancery, the highest judicial officer of the crown, and the first lay person of the state after the blood royal. He is created chancellor by the delivery into his custody of the great seal, of which he becomes keeper. He is privy counselor by his office, and prolocutor of the House of Lords by prescription.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chancellorship</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chan"cel*lor*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a chancellor; the time during which one is chancellor.</def>

<h1>Chance-medley</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chance"-med`ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chance</ets> + <ets>medley</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The kiling of another in self-defense upon a sudden and unpremeditated encounter. See <er>Chaud-Medley</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The term has been sometimes applied to any kind of homicide by misadventure, or to any accidental killing of a person without premeditation or evil intent, but, in strictness, is applicable to such killing as happens in defending one's self against assault.</note>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Luck; chance; accident.</def>

<i>Milton. Cowper.</i>

<h1>Chancery</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chan"cer*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chancellerie</ets>, LL. <ets>cancellaria</ets>, from L. <ets>cancellarius</ets>. See <er>Chancellor</er>, and cf. <er>Chancellery</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In England, formerly, the highest court of judicature next to the Parliament, exercising jurisdiction at law, but chiefly in equity; but under the jurisdiction act of 1873 it became the chancery division of the High Court of Justice, and now exercises jurisdiction only in equity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the Unites States, a court of equity; equity; proceeding in equity.</def>

<note>&hand; A court of chancery, so far as it is a court of equity, in the English and American sense, may be generally, if not precisely, described as one having jurisdiction in cases of rights, recognized and protected by the municipal jurisprudence, where a plain, adequate, and complete remedy can not be had in the courts of common law. In some of the American States, jurisdiction at law and in equity centers in the same tribunal. The courts of the United States also have jurisdiction both at law and in equity, and in all such cases they exercise their jurisdiction, as courts of law, or as courts of equity, as the subject of adjudication may require. In others of the American States, the courts that administer equity are distinct tribunals, having their appropriate judicial officers, and it is to the latter that the appellation <i>courts of chancery</i> is usually applied; but, in American law, the terms <i>equity</i> and <i>court of equity</i> are more frequently employed than the corresponding terms <i>chancery</i> and <i>court of chancery</i>.</note>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<cs><col>Inns of chancery</col>. <cd>See under <er>Inn</er>.</cd> -- <col>To get (<it>or</it> to hold) In chancery</col> <fld>(Boxing)</fld>, <cd>to get the head of an antagonist under one's arm, so that one can pommel it with the other fist at will; hence, to have wholly in One's power. The allusion is to the condition of a person involved in the chancery court, where he was helpless, while the lawyers lived upon his estate.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chancre</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chan"cre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chancere</ets>. See <er>Cancer</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A venereal sore or ulcer; specifically, the initial lesion of true syphilis, whether forming a distinct ulcer or not; -- called also <altname>hard chancre</altname>, <altname>indurated chancre</altname>, and <altname>Hunterian chancre</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Soft chancre</col>. <cd>A chancroid. See <er>Chancroid</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chancroid</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chan"croid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chancre</ets> + <ets>-oil</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A venereal sore, resembling a chancre in its seat and some external characters, but differing from it in being the starting point of a purely local process and never of a systemic disease; -- called also <altname>soft chancre</altname>.</def>

<h1>Chancrous</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chan"crous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chancreux</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of the nature of a chancre; having chancre.</def>

<h1>Chandelier</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chan`de*lier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Chandler</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A candlestick, lamp, stand, gas fixture, or the like, having several branches; esp., one hanging from the ceiling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A movable parapet, serving to support fascines to cover pioneers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chandler</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chan"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chandelier</ets> a candlestick, a maker or seller of candles, LL. <ets>candelarius</ets> chandler, fr. L. <ets>candela</ets> candle. See <er>Candle</er>, and cf. <ets>Chandelier</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A maker or seller of candles.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>chandler's</b> basket, on his shoulder borne,
With tallow spots thy coat.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dealer in other commodities, which are indicated by a word prefixed; <as>as, ship <ex>chandler</ex>, corn <ex>chandler</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Chandlerly</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chan"dler*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a chandler; in a petty way.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Chandlery</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chan"dler*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Commodities sold by a chandler.</def>

<h1>Chandoo</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chan*doo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An extract or preparation of opium, used in China and India for smoking.</def>

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Chandry</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chan"dry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Chandlery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Torches from the <i>chandry</i>."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Chanfrin</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chan"frin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chanfrein</ets>. Cf. <er>Chamfron</er>.]</ety> <def>The fore part of a horse's head.</def>

<h1>Change</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Change</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Changed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Changing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>changer</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>cambiare</ets>, to exchange, barter, L. <ets>cambire</ets>. Cf. <er>Cambial</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To alter; to make different; to cause to pass from one state to another; <as>as, to <ex>change</ex> the position, character, or appearance of a thing; to <ex>change</ex> the countenance.</as></def>

<blockquote>Therefore will I <b>change</b> their glory into shame.
<i>Hosea. iv. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To alter by substituting something else for, or by giving up for something else; <as>as, to <ex>change</ex> the clothes; to <ex>change</ex> one's occupation; to <ex>change</ex> one's intention.</as></def>

<blockquote>They that do <b>change</b> old love for new,
Pray gods, they change for worse!
<i>Peele.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give and take reciprocally; to exchange; -- followed by <i>with</i>; <as>as, to <ex>change</ex> place, or hats, or money, with another</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Look upon those thousands with whom thou wouldst not, for any interest, <b>change</b> thy fortune and condition.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Specifically: To give, or receive, smaller denominations of money (technically called <i>change</i>) for; <as>as, to <ex>change</ex> a gold coin or a bank bill</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He pulled out a thirty-pound note and bid me <b>change</b> it.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To change a horse, <it>or</it> To change hand</col> <fld>(Man.)</fld>, <cd>to turn or bear the horse's head from one hand to the other, from the left to right, or from the right to the left.</cd> -- <col>To change hands</col>, <cd>to change owners.</cd> -- <col>To change one's tune</col>, <cd>to become less confident or boastful.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To change step</col>, <cd>to take a break in the regular succession of steps, in marching or walking, as by bringing the hollow of one foot against the heel of the other, and then stepping off with the foot which is in advance.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To alter; vary; deviate; substitute; innovate; diversify; shift; veer; turn. See <er>Alter</er>.</syn>

<h1>Change</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Change</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be altered; to undergo variation; <as>as, men sometimes <ex>change</ex> for the better</as>.</def>

<blockquote>For I am Lord, I <b>change</b> not.
<i>Mal. iii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pass from one phase to another; <as>as, the moon <ex>changes</ex> to-morrow night</as>.</def>

<h1>Change</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Change</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>change</ets>, fr. <ets>changer</ets>. See <er>Change</er>. <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any variation or alteration; a passing from one state or form to another; <as>as, a <ex>change</ex> of countenance; a <ex>change</ex> of habits or principles.</as></def>

<blockquote>Apprehensions of a <b>change</b> of dynasty.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my <b>change</b> come.
<i>Job xiv. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A succesion or substitution of one thing in the place of another; a difference; novelty; variety; <as>as, a <ex>change</ex> of seasons</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Our fathers did for <b>change</b> to France repair.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ringing grooves of <b>change</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A passing from one phase to another; <as>as, a <ex>change</ex> of the moon</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Alteration in the order of a series; permutation.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which makes a variety, or may be substituted for another.</def>

<blockquote>Thirty <b>change</b> (R.V. <b>changes</b>) of garments.
<i>Judg. xiv. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Small money; the money by means of which the larger coins and bank bills are made available in small dealings; hence, the balance returned when payment is tendered by a coin or note exceeding the sum due.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <ety>[See <er>Exchange</er>.]</ety> <def>A place where merchants and others meet to transact business; a building appropriated for mercantile transactions.</def> <mark>[Colloq. for Exchange.]</mark>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A public house; an alehouse.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>They call an alehouse a <b>change</b>.
<i>Burt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Any order in which a number of bells are struck, other than that of the diatonic scale.</def>

<blockquote>Four bells admit twenty-four <b>changes</b> in ringing.
<i>Holder.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Change of life</col>, <cd>the period in the life of a woman when menstruation and the capacity for conception cease, usually occurring between forty-five and fifty years of age.</cd> -- <col>Change ringing</col>, <cd>the continual production, without repetition, of changes on bells, See def. 9. above.</cd> -- <col>Change wheel</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>one of a set of wheels of different sizes and number of teeth, that may be changed or substituted one for another in machinery, to produce a different but definite rate of angular velocity in an axis, as in cutting screws, gear, etc.</cd> -- <col>To ring the changes on</col>, <cd>to present the same facts or arguments in variety of ways.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Variety; variation; alteration; mutation; transition; vicissitude; innovation; novelty; transmutation; revolution; reverse.</syn>

<h1>Changeability</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Change`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Changeableness.</def>

<h1>Changeable</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Change"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>changeable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of change; subject to alteration; mutable; variable; fickle; inconstant; <as>as, a <ex>changeable</ex> humor</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Appearing different, as in color, in different lights, or under different circumstances; <as>as, <ex>changeable</ex> silk</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Mutable; alterable; variable; inconstant; fitful; vacillating; capricious; fickle; unstable; unsteady; unsettled; wavering; erratic; giddy; volatile.</syn>

<h1>Changeableness</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Change"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being changeable; fickleness; inconstancy; mutability.</def>

<h1>Changeably</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Change"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a changeable manner.</def>

<h1>Changeful</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Change"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of change; mutable; inconstant; fickle; uncertain.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>His course had been <b>changeful</b>.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Change"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Change"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Changeless</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Change"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That can not be changed; constant; <as>as, a <ex>changeless</ex> purpose</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Change"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n</tt>.</wordforms>

<h1>Changeling</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Change"ling</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Change</ets> + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, is left or taken in the place of another, as a child exchanged by fairies.</def>

<blockquote>Such, men do <b>changelings</b> call, so changed by fairies' theft.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>changeling</b> [a substituted writing] never known.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A simpleton; an idiot.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote><b>Changelings</b> and fools of heaven, and thence shut out.

<blockquote>Wildly we roam in discontent about.

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One apt to change; a waverer.</def> "Fickle <i>changelings</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Changeling</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Change"ling</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Taken or left in place of another; changed.</def> "A little <i>changeling</i> boy."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Given to change; inconstant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some are so studiously <b>changeling</b>.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Changer</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chan"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who changes or alters the form of anything.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who deals in or changes money.</def>

<i>John ii. 14.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One apt to change; an inconstant person.</def>

<h1>Chank</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chank"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>\'87a\'efkha</ets>. See <er>Conch</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The East Indian name for the large spiral shell of several species of sea conch much used in making bangles, esp. <spn>Turbinella pyrum</spn>. Called also <altname>chank chell</altname>.</def>

<h1>Channel</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chan"nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>chanel</ets>, <ets>canel</ets>, OF. <ets>chanel</ets>, F. <ets>chenel</ets>, fr. L. <ets>canalis</ets>. See <er>Canal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The hollow bed where a stream of water runs or may run.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The deeper part of a river, harbor, strait, etc., where the main current flows, or which affords the best and safest passage for vessels.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>A strait, or narrow sea, between two portions of lands; <as>as, the British <ex>Channel</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That through which anything passes; means of passing, conveying, or transmitting; <as>as, the news was conveyed to us by different <ex>channels</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The veins are converging <b>channels</b>.
<i>Dalton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>At best, he is but a <b>channel</b> to convey to the National assembly such matter as may import that body to know.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A gutter; a groove, as in a fluted column.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chain wales</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Flat ledges of heavy plank bolted edgewise to the outside of a vessel, to increase the spread of the shrouds and carry them clear of the bulwarks.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Channel bar</col>, <col>Channel iron</col></mcol> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an iron bar or beam having a section resembling a flat gutter or channel.</cd> -- <col>Channel bill</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large Australian cucko (<spn>Scythrops Nov\'91hollandi\'91</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Channel goose</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Gannet</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Channel</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chan"nel</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Channeled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, or <er>Channelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Channeling</er>, or <er>Channelling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form a channel in; to cut or wear a channel or channels in; to groove.</def>

<blockquote>No more shall trenching war <b>channel</b> her fields.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To course through or over, as in a channel.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Channeling</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chan"nel*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of forming a channel or channels.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A channel or a system of channels; a groove.</def>

<h1>Chanson</h1>
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<hw>Chan"son</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>cantion</ets> song. See <er>Cantion</er>, <er>Canzone</er>.]</ety> <def>A song.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Chansonnette</h1>
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<hw>Chan`son*nette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chansonnettes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>chanson</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little song.</def>

<blockquote>These pretty little <b>chansonnettes</b> that he sung.
<i>Black.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chant</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chanted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chanting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>chanter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cantare</ets>, intens. of <ets>canere</ets> to sing. Cf. <er>Cant</er> affected speaking, and see <er>Hen</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter with a melodious voice; to sing.</def>

<blockquote>The cheerful birds . . . do <b>chant</b> sweet music.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To celebrate in song.</def>

<blockquote>The poets <b>chant</b> in the theaters.
<i>Bramhall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To sing or recite after the manner of a chant, or to a tune called a chant.</def>

<h1>Chant</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chant</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make melody with the voice; to sing.</def> "<i>Chant</i> to the sound of the viol."

<i>Amos vi. 5.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To sing, as in reciting a chant.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To chant</col> (&or; <col>chaunt</col>) <col>horses<col></mcol>, <cd>to sing their praise; to overpraise; to cheat in selling. See <er>Chaunter</er>.</cd>

<i>Thackeray.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Chant</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[F. <ets>chant</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cantus</ets> singing, song, fr. <ets>canere</ets> to sing. See <er>Chant</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Song; melody.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short and simple melody, divided into two parts by double bars, to which unmetrical psalms, etc., are sung or recited. It is the most ancient form of choral music.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A psalm, etc., arranged for chanting.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Twang; manner of speaking; a canting tone.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>His strange face, his strange <b>chant</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ambrosian chant</col>, See under <er>Ambrosian</er>. <col>Chant royal</col> <ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>in old French poetry, a poem containing five strophes of eleven lines each, and a concluding stanza. -- each of these six parts ending with a common refrain.</cd> -- <col>Gregorian chant</col>. <cd>See under <er>Gregorian</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chantant</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chan`tant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. singing.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Composed in a melodious and singing style.</def>

<h1>Chanter</h1>
<Xpage=238>

<hw>Chant"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chanteur</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who chants; a singer or songster.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The chief singer of the chantry.</def>

<i>J. Gregory.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The flute or finger pipe in a bagpipe. See <er>Bagpipe</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hedge sparrow.</def>

<h1>Chanterelle</h1>
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<hw>Chan`te*relle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name for several species of mushroom, of which one (<spn>Cantharellus cibrius</spn>) is edible, the others reputed poisonous.</def>

<h1>Chanticleer</h1>
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<hw>Chan"ti*cleer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>Chanteclair</ets>, name of the cock in the <ets>Roman du Renart</ets> (<ets>Reynard the Fox</ets>); <ets>chanter</ets> to chant + <ets>clair</ets> clear. See <er>Chant</er>, and <er>Clear</er>.]</ety> <def>A cock, so called from the clearness or loundness of his voice in crowing.</def>

<h1>Chanting</h1>
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<hw>Chant"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Singing, esp. as a chant is sung.</def>

<cs><col>Chanting falcon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an African falcon (<spn>Melierax canorus or musicus</spn>). The male has the habit, remarkable in a bird of prey, of singing to his mate, while she is incubating.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chantor</h1>
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<hw>Chant"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chanter.</def>

<h1>Chantress</h1>
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<hw>Chant"ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>chanteresse</ets>.]</ety> <def>A female chanter or singer.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<hr>
<page="240">
Page 240<p>

<h1>Chantry</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chant"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chantries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OF. <ets>chanterie</ets>, fr. <ets>chanter</ets> to sing.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An endowment or foundation for the chanting of masses and offering of prayers, commonly for the founder.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A chapel or altar so endowed.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Chaomancy</h1>
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<hw>Cha"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the atmosphere + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of apperances in the air.</def>

<h1>Chaos</h1>
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<hw>Cha"os</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>chaos</ets> chaos (in senses 1 & 2), Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ (root <?/) to yawn, to gape, to open widely. Cf. <er>Chasm</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An empty, immeasurable space; a yawning chasm.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Between us and there is fixed a great <b>chaos</b>.
<i>Luke xvi. 26 (Rhemish Trans. ).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The confused, unorganized condition or mass of matter before the creation of distinct and order forms.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any confused or disordered collection or state of things; a confused mixture; confusion; disorder.</def>

<h1>Chaotic</h1>
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<hw>Cha*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling chaos; confused.</def>

<h1>Chaotically</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Cha*ot"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a chaotic manner.</def>

<h1>Chap</h1>
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<hw>Chap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chapped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chapping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Chop</er> to cut.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to open in slits or chinks; to split; to cause the skin of to crack or become rough.</def>

<blockquote>Then would unbalanced heat licentious reign,
Crack the dry hill, and <b>chap</b> the russet plain.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor winter's blast <b>chap</b> her fair face.
<i>Lyly.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strike; to beat.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Chap</h1>
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<hw>Chap</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To crack or open in slits; <as>as, the earth <ex>chaps</ex>; the hands <ex>chap</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strike; to knock; to rap.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Chap</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Chap</er>, <ets>v. t. & i.</ets>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cleft, crack, or chink, as in the surface of the earth, or in the skin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A division; a breach, as in a party.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Many clefts and <b>chaps</b> in our council board.
<i>T. Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A blow; a rap.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Chap</h1>
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<hw>Chap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>chaft</ets>; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel <ets>kjaptr</ets> jaw, Sw. <ets>K\'84ft</ets>, D. <ets>ki\'91ft</ets>; akin to G. <ets>kiefer</ets>, and E. <ets>jowl</ets>. Cf. <er>Chops</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the jaws or the fleshy covering of a jaw; -- commonly in the plural, and used of animals, and colloquially of human beings.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>chaps</b> were all besmeared with crimson blood.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He unseamed him [Macdonald] from the nave to the <b>chaps</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the jaws or cheeks of a vise, etc.</def>

<h1>Chap</h1>
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<hw>Chap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. abbreviated fr. <ets>chapman</ets>, but used in a more general sense; or cf. Dan. <ets>ki\'91ft</ets> jaw, person, E. <ets>chap</ets> jaw.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A buyer; a chapman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If you want to sell, here is your <b>chap</b>.
<i>Steele.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A man or boy; a youth; a fellow.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Chap</h1>
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<hw>Chap</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cheapen</er>.]</ety> <def>To bargain; to buy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chaparral</h1>
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<hw>Cha`par*ral"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. <ets>chaparro</ets> an evergeen oak.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thicket of low evergreen oaks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An almost impenetrable thicket or succession of thickets of thorny shrubs and brambles.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Chaparral cock</col>; <i>fem</i>. <col>Chaparral hen</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bird of the cuckoo family (<spn>Geococcyx Californianus</spn>), noted for running with great speed. It ranges from California to Mexico and eastward to Texas; -- called also <altname>road runner</altname>, <altname>ground cuckoo</altname>, <altname>churea</altname>, and <altname>snake killer</altname><--; <i>it is the state bird of New Mexico -->.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chapbook</h1>
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<hw>Chap"book`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chap</er> to cheapen.]</ety> <def>Any small book carried about for sale by chapmen or hawkers.  Hence, any small book; a toy book.</def>

<h1>Chape</h1>
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<hw>Chape</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a churchman's cope, a cover, a chape, fr. L. <ets>cappa</ets>. See <er>Cap</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The piece by which an object is attached to something, as the frog of a scabbard or the metal loop at the back of a buckle by which it is fastened to a strap.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The transverse guard of a sword or dagger.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The metal plate or tip which protects the end of a scabbard, belt, etc.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Chapeau</h1>
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<hw>Cha`peau"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chapeux</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F., fr. OF. <ets>chapel</ets> hat. See <er>Chaplet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>hat or covering for the head.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A cap of maintenance. See <er>Maintenance</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Chapeau bras</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chapeau<ets> hat + <ets>bras<ets> arm]</ety>, <cd>a hat so made that it can be compressed and carried under the arm without injury. Such hats were particularly worn on dress occasions by gentlemen in the 18th century. A <i>chapeau bras<i> is now worn in the United States army by general and staff officers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chaped</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chaped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. &or; a.</tt> <def>Furnished with a chape or chapes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Chapel</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>chapele</ets>, F. <ets>chapelle</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>capella</ets>, orig., a short cloak, hood, or cowl; later, a reliquary, sacred vessel, chapel; dim. of <ets>cappa</ets>, <ets>capa</ets>, cloak, cape, cope; also, a covering for the head. The chapel where St. Martin's cloak was preserved as a precious relic, itself came to be called <ets>capella</ets>, whence the name was applied to similar paces of worship, and the guardian of this cloak was called <ets>capellanus</ets>, or chaplain. See <er>Cap</er>, and cf. <er>Chaplain</er>., <er>Chaplet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A subordinate place of worship</def>; as, <sd>(a)</sd> <def>a small church, often a private foundation, as for a memorial</def>; <sd>(b)</sd> <def>a small building attached to a church</def>; <sd>(c)</sd> <def>a room or recess in a church, containing an altar.</def>

<note>&hand; In Catholic churches, and also in cathedrals and abbey churches, <i>chapels</i> are usually annexed in the recesses on the sides of the aisles.</note>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place of worship not connected with a church; <as>as, the <ex>chapel</ex> of a palace, hospital, or prison</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In England, a place of worship used by dissenters from the Established Church; a meetinghouse.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A choir of singers, or an orchastra, attached to the court of a prince or nobleman.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A printing office, said to be so called because printing was first carried on in England in a chapel near Westminster Abbey.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An association of workmen in a printing office.</def>

<cs><col>Chapel of ease</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A chapel or dependent church built for the ease or a accommodation of an increasing parish, or for parishioners who live at a distance from the principal church.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A privy.</cd> <fld>(Law)</fld> -- <col>Chapel master</col></mcol>, <cd>a director of music in a chapel; the director of a court or orchestra.</cd> -- <col>To build a chapel</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to chapel a ship. See <er>Chapel</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 2.</cd> -- <col>To hold a chapel</col>, <cd>to have a meeting of the men employed in a printing office, for the purpose of considering questions affecting their interests.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chapel</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deposit or inter in a chapel; to enshrine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To cause (a ship taken aback in a light breeze) so to turn or make a circuit as to recover, without bracing the yards, the same tack on which she had been sailing.</def>

<h1>Chapeless</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chape"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a chape.</def>

<h1>Chapelet</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"e*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Chaplet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pair of Straps, with stirrups, joined at the top and fastened to the pommel or the frame of the saddle, after they have been adjusted to the convenience of the rider.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chaplet</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of chain pump, or dredging machine.</def>

<h1>Chapellany</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"el*la*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chapellanies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. E. <ets>chapellenie</ets>, LL. <ets>capellania</ets>. See Chaplain.]</ety> <def>A chapel within the jurisdiction of a church; a subordinate ecclesiastical foundation.</def>

<h1>Chapelry</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"el*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>chapelerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The territorial disrict legally assigned to a chapel.</def>

<h1>Chaperon</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"er*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chaperon</ets>. See <er>Chape</er>, <er>Cape</er>, <er>Cap</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hood; especially, an ornamental or an official hood.</def>

<blockquote>His head and face covered with a <b>chaperon</b>, out of which there are but two holes to look through.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A divice placed on the foreheads of horses which draw the hearse in pompous funerals.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A matron who accompanies a young lady in public, for propriety, or as a guide and protector.</def>

<h1>Chaperon</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"er*on</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chaperoned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chaperoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chaperonner</ets>, fr. <ets>chaperon</ets>.]</ety> <def>To attend in public places as a guide and protector; to matronize.</def>

<blockquote>Fortunately Lady Bell Finley, whom I had promised to <b>chaperon</b>, sent to excuse herself.
<i>Hannah More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chaperonage</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"er*on`age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Attendance of a chaperon on a lady in public; protection afforded by a chaperon.</def>

<h1>Chapfallen</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"fall`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the lower chap or jaw drooping, -- an indication of humiliation and dejection; crestfallen; discouraged. See <er>Chopfallen</er>.</def>

<h1>Chapiter</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"i*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>chapitel</ets>, F. <ets>chapiteau</ets>, from L. <ets>capitellum</ets>, dim. of <ets>caput</ets> head. Cf. <er>Capital</er>, <er>Chapter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A capital <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Chapital</er>.</def>

<i>Ex. xxxvi. 38.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A summary in writing of such matters as are to be inquired of or presented before justices in eyre, or justices of assize, or of the peace, in their sessions; -- also called <altname>articles</altname>.</def>

<i>Jacob.</i>

<h1>Chaplain</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"lain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chapelain</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>capellanus</ets>, fr. <ets>capella</ets>. See <er>Chapel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ecclesiastic who has a chapel, or who performs religious service in a chapel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A clergyman who is officially atteched to the army or navy, to some public institution, or to a family or court, for the purpose of performing divine service.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any person (clergyman or layman) chosen to conduct religious exercises for a society, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>chaplain</ex> of a Masonic or a temperance lodge</as>.</def>

<h1>Chaplaincy</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"lain*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <er>Chaplaincies</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The office, position, or station of a chaplain.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Chaplainship</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"lain*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The office or business of a chaplain.</def>

<blockquote>The Bethesda of some knight's <b>chaplainship</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The possession or revenue of a chapel.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Chapless</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no lower jaw; hence, fleshless.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Yellow, <i>chapless</i> skulls." <i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Chaplet</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chapelet</ets>, dim. of OF. <ets>chapel</ets> hat, garland, dim. fr. LL. <ets>cappa</ets>. See <er>Cap</er>, and cf. <er>Chapelet</er>, <er>Chapeau</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A garland or wreath to be worn on the head.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A string of beads, or part of a string, used by Roman Catholic in praying; a third of a rosary, or fifty beads.</def>

<blockquote>Her <b>chaplet</b> of beads and her missal.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small molding, carved into beads, pearls, olives, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A chapelet. See <er>Chapelet</er>, 1.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A bent piece of sheet iron, or a pin with thin plates on its ends, for holding a core in place in the mold.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A tuft of feathers on a peacock's head.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Chaplet</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"let</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small chapel or shrine.</def>

<h1>Chaplet</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"let</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chapleted</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To adorn with a chaplet or with flowers.</def>

<i>R. Browning.</i>

<h1>Chapman</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chapmen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[AS. <ets>ce\'a0pman</ets>; <ets>ce\'a0p</ets> trade + <ets>man</ets> man; akin to D. <ets>koopman</ets>, Sw. <ets>k\'94pman</ets>, Dan. <ets>ki\'94pmand</ets>, G. <ets>kaufmann</ets>.f. <er>Chap</er> to cheapen, and see <er>Cheap</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who buys and sells; a merchant; a buyer or a seller.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The word of life is a quick commodity, and ought not, as a drug to be obtruded on those <b>chapmen</b> who are unwilling to buy it.
<i>T. Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A peddler; a hawker.</def>

<h1>Chappy</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def>Full of chaps; cleft; gaping; open.</def>

<h1>Chaps</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chaps</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>The jaws, or the fleshy parts about them. See <er>Chap</er>.</def> "Open your <i>chaps</i> again."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Chapter</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>chapitre</ets>, F. <ets>chapitre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>capitulum</ets>, dim. of <ets>caput</ets> head, the chief person or thing, the principal division of a writing, chapter. See <er>Chief</er>, and cf, <er>Chapiter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A division of a book or treatise; <as>as, Genesis has fifty <ex>chapters</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An assembly of monks, or of the prebends and other clergymen connected with a cathedral, conventual, or collegiate church, or of a diocese, usually presided over by the dean.</def><sd>(b)</sd> <def>A community of canons or canonesses.</def><sd>(c)</sd> <def>A bishop's council.</def><sd>(d)</sd> <def>A business meeting of any religious community.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An organized branch of some society or fraternity as of the Freemasons.</def>

<i>Robertson.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A meeting of certain organized societies or orders.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A chapter house.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A decretal epistle.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A location or compartment.</def>

<blockquote>In his bosom! In what <b>chapter</b> of his bosom?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Chapter head</col>, &or; <col>Chapter heading</col></mcol>, <cd>that which stands at the head of a chapter, as a title.</cd> -- <col>Chapter house</col>, <cd>a house or room where a chapter meets, esp. a cathedral chapter.</cd> -- <col>The chapter of accidents</col>, <cd>chance.</cd> <i>Marryat</i>.</cs>

<h1>Chapter</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To divide into chapters, as a book.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To correct; to bring to book, <it>i. e.</it>, to demand chapter and verse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Chaptrel</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Chap"trel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chapiter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An impost.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Char, Charr</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw><hw>Char</hw>, <hw>Charr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. <ets>cear</ets>, Gael. <ets>ceara</ets>, lit., red, blood-colored, fr. <ets>cear</ets> blood. So named from its red belly.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the several species of fishes of the genus <spn>Salvelinus</spn>, allied to the spotted trout and salmon, inhabiting deep lakes in mountainous regions in Europe. In the United States, the brook trout (<spn>Salvelinus fontinalis</spn>) is sometimes called a <ex>char</ex>.</def>

<h1>Char</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Char</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A car; a chariot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Char</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Char</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cherr</ets>, <ets>char</ets> a turning, time, work, AS. <ets>cerr</ets>, <ets>cyrr</ets>, turn, occasion, business, fr. <ets>cerran</ets>, <ets>cyrran</ets>, to turn; akin to OS. <ets>k\'89rian</ets>, OHG. <ets>ch\'89ran</ets>, G. <ets>kehren</ets>. Cf. <er>Chore</er>, <er>Ajar</er>.]</ety> <def>Work done by the day; a single job, or task; a chore.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chare</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>When thou hast done this <b>chare</b>, I give thee leave
To play till doomsday.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Char, Chare</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw><hw>Char</hw>, <hw>Chare</hw>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See 3d <er>Char</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To perform; to do; to finish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Nores.</i>

<blockquote>Thet char is <b>chared</b>, as the good wife said when she had hanged her husband.
<i>Old Proverb.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To work or hew, as stone.</def>

<i>Oxf. Gloss.</i>

<h1>Char, Chare</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw><hw>Char</hw>, <hw>Chare</hw>,<hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To work by the day, without being a regularly hired servant; to do small jobs.</def>

<h1>Char</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Char</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Charred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Charring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. the same word as <ets>char</ets> to perform (see <er>Char</er>, <tt>n.</tt>), the modern use coming from <ets>charcoal</ets>, prop. <ets>coal-turned</ets>, turned to coal.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce to coal or carbon by exposure to heat; to reduce to charcoal; to burn to a cinder.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To burn slightly or partially; <as>as, to <ex>char</ex> wood</as>.</def>

<h1>Chara</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Cha"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., of uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of flowerless plants, having articulated stems and whorled branches. They flourish in wet places.</def>

<h1>Char-a-bancs</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Char`-a-bancs"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chars-a-banc</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A long, light, open vehicle, with benches or seats running lengthwise.</def>

<h1>Charact</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Char"act</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A distinctive mark; a character; a letter or sign. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Character</er>.</def>

<blockquote>In all his dressings, <b>characts</b>, titles, forms.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Character</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Char"ac*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., an instrument for marking, character, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to make sharp, to cut into furrows, to engrave: cf. F. <ets>caract\'8are</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A distinctive mark; a letter, figure, or symbol.</def>

<blockquote>It were much to be wished that there were throughout the world but one sort of <b>character</b> for each letter to express it to the eye.
<i>Holder.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Style of writing or printing; handwriting; the peculiar form of letters used by a particular person or people; <as>as, an inscription in the Runic <ex>character</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>You know the <b>character</b> to be your brother's?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The peculiar quality, or the sum of qualities, by which a person or a thing is distinguished from others; the stamp impressed by nature, education, or habit; that which a person or thing really is; nature; disposition.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>character</b> or that dominion.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Know well each Ancient's proper <b>character</b>;
His fable, subject, scope in every page;
Religion, Country, genius of his Age.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A man of . . . thoroughly subservient <b>character</b>.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Strength of mind; resolution; independence; individuality; <as>as, he has a great deal of <ex>character</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Moral quality; the principles and motives that control the life; <as>as, a man of <ex>character</ex>; his <ex>character</ex> saves him from suspicion.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Quality, position, rank, or capacity; quality or conduct with respect to a certain office or duty; <as>as, in the miserable <ex>character</ex> of a slave; in his <ex>character</ex> as a magistrate; her <ex>character</ex> as a daughter.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The estimate, individual or general, put upon a person or thing; reputation; <as>as, a man's <ex>character</ex> for truth and veracity; to give one a bad <ex>character</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>This subterraneous passage is much mended since Seneca gave so bad a <b>character</b> of it.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A written statement as to behavior, competency, etc., given to a servant.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A unique or extraordinary individuality; a person characterized by peculiar or notable traits; a person who illustrates certain phases of character; <as>as, Randolph was a <ex>character</ex>; C\'91sar is a great historical <ex>character</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>One of the persons of a drama or novel.</def>

<note>&hand; "It would be well if <i>character</i> and <i>reputation</i> were used distinctively. In truth, character is what a person is; reputation is what he is supposed to be. Character is in himself, reputation is in the minds of others. Character is injured by temptations, and by wrongdoing; reputation by slanders, and libels. Character endures throughout defamation in every form, but perishes when there is a voluntary transgression; reputation may last through numerous transgressions, but be destroyed by a single, and even an unfounded, accusation or aspersion."

<i>Abbott.</i>
</note>

<h1>Character</h1>
<Xpage=240>

<hw>Char"ac*ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. &  p. p.</tt> <er>Charactered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To engrave; to inscribe.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>These trees shall be my books.
And in their barks my thoughts I 'll <b>character</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To distinguish by particular marks or traits; to describe; to characterize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<hr>
<page="241">
Page 241<p>

<h1>Characterism</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char"ac*ter*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a characterizing.]</ety> <def>A distinction of character; a characteristic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Characteristic</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char`ac*ter*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>charact\'82ristique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or serving to constitute, the character; showing the character, or distinctive qualities or traits, of a person or thing; peculiar; distinctive.</def>

<blockquote><b>Characteristic</b> clearness of temper.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Characteristic</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char`ac*ter*is"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A distinguishing trait, quality, or property; an element of character; that which characterized.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>characteristics</b> of a true critic.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The integral part (whether positive or negative) of a logarithm.</def>

<h1>Characteristical</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char`ac*ter*is"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characteristic.</def>

<h1>Characteristically</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char`ac*ter*is"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a characteristic manner; in a way that characterizes.</def>

<h1>Characterization</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char`ac*ter*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of characterizing.</def>

<h1>Characterize</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char"ac*ter*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Characterized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Characterizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>characterizare</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>charact\'82riser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make distinct and recognizable by peculiar marks or traits; to make with distinctive features.</def>

<blockquote>European, Asiatic, Chinese, African, and Grecian faces are <b>Characterized</b>.
<i>Arbuthot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To engrave or imprint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To indicate the character of; to describe.</def>

<blockquote>Under the name of Tamerlane he intended to <b>characterize</b> King William.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be a characteristic of; to make, or express the character of.</def>

<blockquote>The softness and effeminacy which <b>characterize</b> the men of rank in most countries.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To describe; distinguish; mark; designate; style; particularize; entitle.</syn>

<h1>Characterless</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char"ac*ter*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of any distinguishing quality; without character or force.</def>

<h1>Charactery</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char"ac*ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or means of characterizing; a system of signs or characters; symbolism; distinctive mark.</def>

<blockquote>Fairies use flowers for their <b>charactery</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is charactered; the meaning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I will construe to thee
All the <b>charactery</b> of my sad brows.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Charade</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Cha*rade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>charade</ets>, cf. Pr. <ets>charrada</ets> long chat, It <ets>ciarlare</ets> to chat, whence E. <ets>charlatan</ets>.]</ety> <def>A verbal or acted enigma based upon a word which has two or more significant syllables or parts, each of which, as well as the word itself, is to be guessed from the descriptions or representations.</def>

<h1>Charbocle</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char"bo*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Carbuncle.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Charboncle</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Charbon</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char"bon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., coal, charbon.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A small black spot or mark remaining in the cavity of the corner tooth of a horse after the large spot or mark has become obliterated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A very contagious and fatal disease of sheep, horses, and cattle. See <er>Maligmant pustule</er>.</def>

<h1>Charcoal</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char"coal`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Char</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, to burn or to reduce to coal, and <er>Coal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Impure carbon prepared from vegetable or animal substances; esp., coal made by charring wood in a kiln, retort, etc., from which air is excluded. It is used for fuel and in various mechanical, artistic, and chemical processes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Finely prepared charcoal in small sticks, used as a drawing implement.</def>

<cs><col>Animal charcoal</col>, <cd>a fine charcoal prepared by calcining bones in a closed vessel; -- used as a filtering agent in sugar refining, and as an absorbent and disinfectant.</cd> -- <col>Charcoal blacks</col>, <cd>the black pigment, consisting of burnt ivory, bone, cock, peach stones, and other substances.</cd> -- <col>Charcoal drawing</col> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld>, <cd>a drawing made with charcoal. See <er>Charcoal</er>, 2. Until within a few years this material has been used almost exclusively for preliminary outline, etc., but at present many finished drawings are made with it.</cd> -- <col>Charcoal point</col>, <cd>a carbon pencil prepared for use un an electric light apparatus.</cd> -- <col>Mineral charcoal</col>, <cd>a term applied to silky fibrous layers of charcoal, interlaminated in beds of ordinary bituminous coal; -- known to miners as <i>mother of coal<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chard</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Chard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>carde</ets> esclent thistle.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The tender leaves or leafstalks of the artichoke, white beet, etc., blanched for table use.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A variety of the white beet, which produces large, succulent leaves and leafstalks.</def>

<h1>Chare</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Chare</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A narrow street.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Chare</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Chare</hw>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>A chore; to chore; to do. See <er>Char</er>.</def>

<h1>Charge</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Charge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Charged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Charging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>chargier</ets>, F. <ets>charger</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>carricare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>carrus</ets> wagon. Cf. <er>Cargo</er>, <er>Caricature</er>, <er>Cark</er>, and see <er>Car</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay on or impose, as a load, tax, or burden; to load; to fill.</def>

<blockquote>A carte that <b>charged</b> was with hay.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>charging</b> of children's memories with rules.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lay on or impose, as a task, duty, or trust; to command, instruct, or exhort with authority; to enjoin; to urge earnestly; <as>as, to <ex>charge</ex> a jury; to <ex>charge</ex> the clergy of a diocese; to <ex>charge</ex> an agent.</as></def>

<blockquote>Moses . . . <b>charged</b> you to love the Lord your God.
<i>Josh. xxii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cromwell, I <b>charge</b> thee, fing away ambition.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lay on, impose, or make subject to or liable for.</def>

<blockquote>When land shal be <b>charged</b> by any lien.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To fix or demand as a prince; <as>as, he <ex>charges</ex> two dollars a barrelk for apples</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To place something to the account of as a debt; to debit, as to <i>charge</i> one with goods. Also, to enter upon the debit side of an account; <as>as, to <ex>charge</ex> a sum to one</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To impute or ascribe; to lay to one's charge.</def>

<blockquote>No more accuse thy pen, but <b>charge</b> the crime
On native loth and negligence of time.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To accuse; to make a charge or assertion against <sd>(a)</sd> person or thing); to lay the responsibility (for something said or done) at the door of.</def>

<blockquote>If the did that wrong you <b>charge</b> with.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To place within or upon any firearm, piece of apparatus or machinery, the quantity it is intended and fitted to hold or bear; to load; to fill; <as>as, to <ex>charge</ex> a gun; to <ex>charge</ex> an electrical machine, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Their battering cannon <b>charged</b> to the mouths.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To ornament with or cause to bear; <as>as, to <ex>charge</ex> an architectural member with a molding</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>To assume as a bearing; <as>as, he <ex>charges</ex> three roses or</as>; to add to or represent on; <as>as, he <ex>charges</ex> his shield with three roses or</as>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>To call to account; to challenge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>charge</b> me to an answer.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>To bear down upon; to rush upon; to attack.</def>

<blockquote><b>Charged</b> our main battle's front.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To intrust; command; exhort; instruct; accuse; impeach; arraign. See <er>Accuse</er>.</syn>

<h1>Charge</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Charge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make an onset or rush; <as>as, to <ex>charge</ex> with fixed bayonets</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Like your heroes of antiquity, he <b>charges</b> in iron.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>"<b>Charge</b> for the guns!" he said.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To demand a price; <as>as, to <ex>charge</ex> high for goods</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To debit on an account; <as>as, to <ex>charge</ex> for purchases</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To squat on its belly and be still; -- a command given by a sportsman to a dog.</def>

<h1>Charge</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Charge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>charge</ets>, fr. <ets>charger</ets> to load. See <er>Charge</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Cargo</er>, <er>Caricature</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A load or burder laid upon a person or thing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person or thing commited or intrusted to the care, custody, or management of another; a trust.</def>

<note>&hand; The people of a parish or church are called the <i>charge</i> of the clergyman who is set over them.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Custody or care of any person, thing, or place; office; responsibility; oversight; obigation; duty.</def>

<blockquote>'Tis a great <b>charge</b> to come under one body's hand.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Heed; care; anxiety; trouble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Harm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An order; a mandate or command; an injunction.</def>

<blockquote>The king gave <b>cherge</b> concerning Absalom.
<i>2. Sam. xviii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>An address (esp. an earnest or impressive address) containing instruction or exhortation; <as>as, the <ex>charge</ex> of a judge to a jury; the <ex>charge</ex> of a bishop to his clergy.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>An accusation of a wrong of offense; allegation; indictment; specification of something alleged.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>charge</b> of confounding very different classes of phenomena.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Whatever constitutes a burden on property, as rents, taxes, lines, etc.; costs; expense incurred; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>The price demanded for a thing or service.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>An entry or a account of that which is due from one party to another; that which is debited in a business transaction; <as>as, a <ex>charge</ex> in an account book</as>.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>That quantity, as of ammunition, electricity, ore, fuel, etc., which any apparatus, as a gun, battery, furnace, machine, etc., is intended to receive and fitted to hold, or which is actually in it at one time</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>The act of rushing upon, or towards, an enemy; a sudden onset or attack, as of troops, esp. cavalry; hence, the signal for attack; <as>as, to sound the <ex>charge</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Never, in any other war afore, gave the Romans a hotter <b>charge</b> upon the enemies.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>charge</b> of the light brigade.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>14.</b> <def>A position (of a weapon) fitted for attack; <as>as, to bring a weapon to the <ex>charge</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>15.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A soft of plaster or ointment.</def>

<p><b>16.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing. See <er>Bearing</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 8.</def>

<p><b>17.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Charre</er>.]</ety> <def>Thirty-six pigs of lead, each pig weighing about seventy pounds; -- called also <altname>charre</altname>.</def>

<p><b>18.</b> <def>Weight; import; value.</def>

<blockquote>Many suchlike "as's" of great <b>charge</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Back charge</col>. <cd>See under <er>Back</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>Bursting charge</col>. <sd>(a </sd><fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>The charge which bursts a shell, etc.</cd> <sd>(b </sd><fld>(Mining)</fld> <cd>A small quantity of fine powder to secure the ignition of a charge of coarse powder in blasting.</cd> -- <col>Charge and discharge</col> <fld>(Equity Practice)</fld>, <cd>the old mode or form of taking an account before a master in chancery.</cd> -- <col>Charge sheet</col>, <cd>the paper on which are entered at a police station all arrests and accusations.</cd> -- <col>To sound the charge</col>, <cd>to give the signal for an attack.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Care; custody; trust; management; office; expense; cost; price; assault; attack; onset; injunction; command; order; mandate; instruction; accusation; indictment.</syn>

<h1>Chargeable</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Charge"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That may be charged, laid, imposed, or imputes; <as>as, a duty <ex>chargeable</ex> on iron; a fault <ex>chargeable</ex> on a man.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Subject to be charge or accused; liable or responsible; <as>as, revenues <ex>chargeable</ex> with a claim; a man <ex>chargeable</ex> with murder.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Serving to create expense; costly; burdensome.</def>

<blockquote>That we might not be <b>chargeable</b> to any of you.
<i>2. Thess. iii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For the sculptures, which are elegant, were very <b>chargeable</b>.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chargeableness</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Charge"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being chargeable or expensive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Whitelocke.</i>

<h1>Chargeably</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Charge"a*bly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>At great cost; expensively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chargeant</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char"geant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chargeant</ets>, fr. <ets>charger</ets> to load.]</ety> <def>Burdensome; troublesome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Charg\'82 d'affaires</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char`g\'82" d'af`faires"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Charg\'82s d'affaires</plw>.</plu> <ety>[F., "charged with affairs."]</ety> <def>A diplomatic representative, or minister of an inferior grade, accredited by the government of one state to the minister of foreign affairs of another; also, a substitute, <i>ad interim</i>, for an ambassador or minister plenipotentiary.</def>

<h1>Chargeful</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Charge"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Costly; expensive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The fineness of the gold and <b>chargeful</b> fashion.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chargehouse</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Charge"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A schoolhouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chargeless</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Charge"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from, or with little, charge.</def>

<h1>Chargeous</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char"geous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Burdensome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I was <b>chargeous</b> to no man.
<i>Wyclif, (2 Cor. xi. 9).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Charger</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which charges.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument for measuring or inserting a charge.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A large dish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Give me here John Baptist's head in a <b>charger</b>.
<i>Matt. xiv. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A horse for battle or parade.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>And furious every <b>charger</b> neighed.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chargeship</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char*ge"ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a <i>charg\'82 d'affaires</i>.</def>

<h1>Charily</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a chary manner; carefully; cautiously; frugally.</def>

<h1>Chariness</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being chary.</def>

<h1>Chariot</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char"i*ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>Chariot</ets>, from <ets>char</ets> car. See <er>Car</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A two-wheeled car or vehicle for war, racing, state processions, etc.</def>

<blockquote>First moved the <b>chariots</b>, after whom the foot.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A four-wheeled pleasure or state carriage, having one seat.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Chariot</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char"i*ot</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Charioted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Charioting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To convey in a chariot.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Chariotee</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char`i*ot*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A light, covered, four-wheeled pleasure carriage with two seats.</def>

<h1>Charioteer</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char`i*ot*eer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who drives a chariot.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A constellation. See <er>Auriga</er>, and <er>Wagones</er>.</def>

<h1>Charism</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Cha"rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gr</ets>. <ets><?/ gift</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A miraculously given power, as of healing, speaking foreign languages without instruction, etc., attributed to some of the early Christians.</def>

<h1>Charismatic</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char`is*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a charism.</def>

<h1>Charitable</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char"i*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[F. See <er>Charity</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of love and good will; benevolent; kind.</def>

<blockquote>Be thy intents wicked or <b>charitable</b>, . . .
 . . . I will speak to thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Liberal in judging of others; disposed to look on the best side, and to avoid harsh judgment.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Liberal in benefactions to the poor; giving freely; generous; beneficent.</def>

<blockquote>What <b>charitable</b> men afford to beggars.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to charity; springing from, or intended for, charity; relating to almsgiving; elemosynary; <as>as, a <ex>charitable</ex> institution</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Dictated by kindness; favorable; lenient.</def>

<blockquote>By a <b>charitable</b> construction it may be a sermon.
<i>L. Andrews.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Kind; beneficent; benevolent; generous; lenient; forgiving; helpful; liberal; favorable; indulgent.</syn>

<h1>Charitableness</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char"i*ta*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being charitable; the exercise of charity.</def>

<h1>Charitably</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char"i*ta*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a charitable manner.</def>

<h1>Charity</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Charities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>charit\'82</ets> fr. L. <ets>caritas</ets> dearness, high regard, love, from <ets>carus</ets> dear, costly, loved; asin to Skr. <ets>kam</ets> to wish, love, cf. Ir. <ets>cara</ets> a friend, W. <ets>caru</ets> to love. Cf. <er>Caress</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Love; universal benevolence; good will.</def>
<def>
<blockquote>Now abideth faith, hope, <b>charity</b>, three; but the greatest of these is <b>charity</b>.
<i>1. Cor. xiii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They, at least, are little to be envied, in whose hearts the great <b>charities</b> . . . lie dead.
<i>Ruskin.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With malice towards none, with <b>charity</b> for all.
<i>Lincoln.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Liberality in judging of men and their actions; a disposition which inclines men to put the best construction on the words and actions of others.</def>

<blockquote>The highest exercise of <b>charity</b> is <b>charity</b> towards the uncharitable.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Liberality to the poor and the suffering, to benevolent institutions, or to worthy causes; generosity.</def>

<blockquote>The heathen poet, in commending the <b>charity</b> of Dido to the Trojans, spake like a Christian.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Whatever is bestowed gratuitously on the needy or suffering for their relief; alms; any act of kindness.</def>

<blockquote>She did ill then to refuse her a <b>charity</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A charitable institution, or a gift to create and support such an institution; <as>as, Lady Margaret's <ex>charity</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Eleemosynary appointments [grants or devises] including relief of the poor or friendless, education, religious culture, and public institutions.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>charities</b> that soothe, and heal, and bless,
Are scattered at the feet of man like flowers.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Sisters of Charity</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>a sisterhood of religious women engaged in works of mercy, esp. in nursing the sick; -- a popular designation. There are various orders of the Sisters of Charity.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Love; benevolence; good will; affection; tenderness; beneficence; liberality; almsgiving.</syn>

<h1>Charivari</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Cha*ri`va*ri"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A mock serenade of discordant noises, made with kettles, tin horns, etc., designed to annoy and insult.</def>

<note>&hand; It was at first performed before the house of any person of advanced age who married a second time.</note>

<h1>Chark</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Chark</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>charcoal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Charcoal; a cinder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>DeFoe.</i>

<h1>Chark</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Chark</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Charked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To burn to a coal; to char.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Charlatan</h1>
<Xpage=241>

<hw>Char"la*tan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>charlatan</ets>, fr. It. <ets>ciarlatano</ets>, fr. <ets>ciarlare</ets> to chartter, prate; of imitative origin; cf. It. <ets>zirlare</ets> to whistle like a thrush.]</ety> <def>One who prates much in his own favor, and makes unwarrantable pretensions; a quack; an impostor; an empiric; a mountebank.</def>

<hr>
<page="242">
Page 242<p>

<hr>
<page="242">
Page 242<p>

<h1>Charlatanic, Charlatanical</h1>
<Xpage=242>

<hw><hw>Char`la*tan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Char`la*tan"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or like a charlatan; making undue pretension; empirical; pretentious; quackish.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Char`la*tan"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Charlatanism</h1>
<Xpage=242>

<hw>Char"la*tan*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>charlatanisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Charlatanry.</def>

<h1>Charlatanry</h1>
<Xpage=242>

<hw>Char"la*tan*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>charlatanrie</ets>, from It. <ets>ciarlataneria</ets>. See <er>Charlatan</er>.]</ety> <def>Undue pretensions to skill; quackery; wheedling; empiricism.</def>

<h1>Charles's Wain</h1>
<Xpage=242>

<hw>Charles's Wain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[<ets>Charles</ets> + <ets>wain</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>Carles w<?/n</ets> (for <ets>w\'91gn</ets>), Sw. <ets>karlvagnen</ets>, Dan. <ets>karlsvogn</ets>. See <er>Churl</er>, and <er>Wain</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The group of seven stars, commonly called the <i>Dipper</i>, in the constellation <i>Ursa Major</i>, or <i>Great Bear</i>. See <er>Ursa major</er>, under <er>Ursa</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is sometimes also applied to the Constellation.</note>

<h1>Charlock</h1>
<Xpage=242>

<hw>Char"lock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cerlic</ets>; the latter part perh. fr. AS. <ets>le\'a0c</ets> leek. Cf. <er>Hemlock</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A cruciferous plant (<spn>Brassica sinapistrum</spn>) with yellow flowers; wild mustard. It is troublesome in grain fields. Called also <altname>chardock</altname>, <altname>chardlock</altname>, <altname>chedlock</altname>, and <altname>kedlock</altname>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Jointed charlock</col>, <col>White charlock</col></mcol>, <cd>a troublesome weed (<spn>Raphanus Raphanistrum</spn>) with straw-colored, whitish, or purplish flowers, and jointed pods: wild radish.</cd></cs>

<h1>Charlotte</h1>
<Xpage=242>

<hw>Char"lotte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A kind of pie or pudding made by lining a dish with slices of bread, and filling it with bread soaked in milk, and baked.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Charlotte Russe</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <it>or</it> <col>Charlotte \'85 la russe</col></mcol> <ety>[F., lit., Russian charlotte]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld>, <cd>a dish composed of custard or whipped cream, inclosed in sponge cake.</cd></cs>

<h1>Charm</h1>
<Xpage=242>

<hw>Charm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>charme</ets>, fr. L. <ets>carmen</ets> song, verse, incantation, for <ets>casmen</ets>, akin to Skr. <ets>\'87asman</ets>, <ets>\'87as\'be</ets>, a laudatory song, from a root signifying <ets>to praise</ets>, <ets>to sing</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A melody; a song.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With <b>charm</b> of earliest birds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Free liberty to chant our <b>charms</b> at will.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A word or combination of words sung or spoken in the practice of magic; a magical combination of words, characters, etc.; an incantation.</def>

<blockquote>My high <b>charms</b> work.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which exerts an irresistible power to please and attract; that which fascinates; any alluring quality.</def>

<blockquote><b>Charms</b> strike the sight, but merit wins the soul.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>charm</b> of beauty's powerful glance.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything worn for its supposed efficacy to the wearer in averting ill or securing good fortune.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Any small decorative object worn on the person, as a seal, a key, a silver whistle, or the like. Bunches of <i>charms</i> are often worn at the watch chain.</def>

<syn>Syn. - Spell; incantation; conjuration; enchantment; fascination; attraction.</syn>

<h1>Charm</h1>
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<hw>Charm</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Charmed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Charming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>charmer</ets>. See <er>Charm</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make music upon; to tune.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Here we our slender pipes may safely <b>charm</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To subdue, control, or summon by incantation or supernatural influence; to affect by magic.</def>

<blockquote>No witchcraft <b>charm</b> thee!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To subdue or overcome by some secret power, or by that which gives pleasure; to allay; to soothe.</def>

<blockquote>Music the fiercest grief can <b>charm</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To attract irresistibly; to delight exceedingly; to enchant; to fascinate.</def>

<blockquote>They, on their mirth and dance
Intent, with jocund music <b>charm</b> his ear.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To protect with, or make invulnerable by, spells, charms, or supernatural influences; <as>as, a <ex>charmed</ex> life</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I, in my own woe <b>charmed</b>,
Could not find death.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. - To fascinate; enchant; enrapture; captivate; bewitch; allure; subdue; delight; entice; transport.</syn>

<h1>Charm</h1>
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<hw>Charm</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To use magic arts or occult power; to make use of charms.</def>

<blockquote>The voice of charmers, <b>charming</b> never so wisely.
<i>Ps. lviii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act as, or produce the effect of, a charm; to please greatly; to be fascinating.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make a musical sound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Charmel</h1>
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<hw>Char"mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb.]</ety> <def>A fruitful field.</def>

<blockquote>Libanus shall be turned into <b>charmel</b>, and <b>charmel</b> shall be esteemed as a forest.
<i>Isa. xxix. 17 (Douay version).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Charmer</h1>
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<hw>Charm"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who charms, or has power to charm; one who uses the power of enchantment; a magician.</def>

<i>Deut. xviii. 11.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who delights and attracts the affections.</def>

<h1>Charmeress</h1>
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<hw>Charm"er*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An enchantress.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Charmful</h1>
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<hw>Charm"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding with charms.</def> "His <i>charmful</i> lyre."

<i>Cowley.</i>

<h1>Charming</h1>
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<hw>Charm"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pleasing the mind or senses in a high degree; delighting; fascinating; attractive.</def>

<blockquote>How <b>charming</b> is divine philosophy.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. - Enchanting; bewitching; captivating; enrapturing; alluring; fascinating; delightful; pleasurable; graceful; lovely; amiable; pleasing; winning.</syn>

 -- <wordforms><wf>Charm"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Charm"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Charmless</h1>
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<hw>Charm"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of charms.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Charneco, Charnico</h1>
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<hw><hw>Char"ne*co</hw>, <hw>Char"ni*co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sort of sweet wine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Charnel</h1>
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<hw>Char"nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>charnel</ets> carnal, fleshly, fr. L. <ets>carnalis</ets>. See <er>Carnal</er>.]</ety> <def>Containing the bodies of the dead.</def> "<i>Charnel</i> vaults."

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>Charnel house</col>, <cd>a tomb, vault, cemetery, or other place where the bones of the dead are deposited; originally, a place for the bones thrown up when digging new graves in old burial grounds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Charnel</h1>
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<hw>Char"nel</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A charnel house; a grave; a cemetery.</def>

<blockquote>In their proud <b>charnel</b> of Thermopyl\'91.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Charon</h1>
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<hw>Cha"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Cless. Myth.)</fld> <def>The son of Erebus and Nox, whose office it was to ferry the souls of the dead over the Styx, a river of the infernal regions.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Charpie</h1>
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<hw>Char"pie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., properly fem. p. p. of OF. <ets>charpir</ets>, <ets>carpir</ets>, to pluck, fr. L. <ets>carpere</ets>. Cf. <er>Carpet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Straight threads obtained by unraveling old linen cloth; -- used for surgical dressings.</def>

<h1>Charqui</h1>
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<hw>Char"qui</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. A term used in South America, Central America, and the Western United States.]</ety> <def>Jerked beef; beef cut into long strips and dried in the wind and sun.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Charr</h1>
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<hw>Charr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 1st <er>Char</er>.</def>

<h1>Charras</h1>
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<hw>Char"ras</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The gum resin of the hemp plant (<spn>Cannabis sativa</spn>). Same as <er>Churrus</er>.</def>

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Charre</h1>
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<hw>Charre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>charrus</ets> a certain weight.]</ety> <def>See <er>Charge</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 17.</def>

<h1>Charry</h1>
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<hw>Char"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 6th <er>Char</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to charcoal, or partaking of its qualities.</def>

<h1>Chart</h1>
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<hw>Chart</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A doublet of <ets>card</ets>: cf. F. <ets>charte</ets> charter, <ets>carte</ets> card. See <er>Card</er>, and cf. <er>Charter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sheet of paper, pasteboard, or the like, on which information is exhibited, esp. when the information is arranged in tabular form; <as>as, an historical <ex>chart</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A map; esp., a hydrographic or marine map; a map on which is projected a portion of water and the land which it surrounds, or by which it is surrounded, intended especially for the use of seamen; <as>as, the United States Coast Survey <ex>charts</ex>; the English Admiralty <ex>charts</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A written deed; a charter.</def>

<cs><col>Globular chart</col>, <cd>a chart constructed on a globular projection. See under <er>Globular</er>.</cd> -- <col>Heliographic chart</col>, <cd>a map of the sun with its spots.</cd> -- <col>Mercator's chart</col>, <cd>a chart constructed on the principle of Mercator's projection. See <er>Projection</er>.</cd> -- <col>Plane chart</col>, <cd>a representation of some part of the superficies of the globe, in which its spherical form is disregarded, the meridians being drawn parallel to each other, and the parallels of latitude at equal distances.</cd> -- <col>Selenographic chart</col>, <cd>a map representing the surface of the moon.</cd> -- <col>Topographic chart</col>, <cd>a minute delineation of a limited place or region.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chart</h1>
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<hw>Chart</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Charted</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To lay down in a chart; to map; to delineate; <as>as, to <ex>chart</ex> a coast</as>.</def>

<h1>Charta</h1>
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<hw>Char"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., leaf of paper. See <er>Chart</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Material on which instruments, books, etc., are written; parchment or paper.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A charter or deed; a writing by which a grant is made.</def> See <er>Magna Charta</er>.</def>

<h1>Chartaceous</h1>
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<hw>Char*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>chartaceus</ets>. See <er>Charta</er>.]</ety> <def>Resembling paper or parchment; of paper-like texture; papery.</def>

<h1>Charte</h1>
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<hw>Charte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Chart</er>.]</ety> <def>The constitution, or fundamental law, of the French monarchy, as established on the restoration of Louis XVIII., in 1814.</def>

<h1>Charter</h1>
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<hw>Char"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>chartre</ets>, F. <ets>chartre</ets>, <ets>charte</ets>, fr. L. <ets>chartula</ets> a little paper, dim. of <ets>charta</ets>. See <er>Chart</er>, <er>Card</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A written evidence in due form of things done or granted, contracts made, etc., between man and man; a deed, or conveyance.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument in writing, from the sovereign power of a state or country, executed in due form, bestowing rights, franchises, or privileges.</def>

<blockquote>The king [John, <sc>a.d</sc>. 1215], with a facility somewhat suspicious, signed and sealed the <b>charter</b> which was required of him. This famous deed, commonly called the "Great <b>Charter</b>," either granted or secured very important liberties and privileges to every order of men in the kingdom.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An act of a legislative body creating a municipal or other corporation and defining its powers and privileges. Also, an instrument in writing from the constituted authorities of an order or society (as the Freemasons), creating a lodge and defining its powers.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A special privilege, immunity, or exemption.</def>

<blockquote>My mother,
Who has a <b>charter</b> to extol her blood,
When she does praise me, grieves me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The letting or hiring a vessel by special contract, or the contract or instrument whereby a vessel is hired or let; <as>as, a ship is offered for sale or <ex>charter</ex></as>. See <cref>Charter party</cref>, below.</def>

<cs><col>Charter land</col> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>land held by charter, or in socage; bookland.</cd> -- <col>Charter member</col>, <cd>one of the original members of a society or corporation, esp. one named in a charter, or taking part in the first proceedings under it.</cd> -- <col>Charter party</col> <ety>[F. <ets>chartre partie<ets>, or <ets>charte partie<ets>, a divided charter; from the practice of cutting the instrument of contract in two, and giving one part to each of the contractors]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>a mercantile lease of a vessel; a specific contract by which the owners of a vessel let the entire vessel, or some principal part of the vessel, to another person, to be used by the latter in transportation for his own account, either under their charge or his.</cd> -- <col>People's Charter</col> <mark>(Eng. Hist.)</mark>, <cd>the document which embodied the demands made by the Chartists, so called, upon the English government in 1838.</cd></cs>

<h1>Charter</h1>
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<hw>Char"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chartered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chartering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To establish by charter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hire or let by charter, as a ship. See <cref>Charter party</cref>, under <er>Charter</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Chartered</h1>
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<hw>Char"tered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Granted or established by charter; having, or existing under, a charter; having a privilege by charter.</def>

<blockquote>The sufficiency of <b>chartered</b> rights.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The air, a <b>chartered</b> libertine.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hired or let by charter, as a ship.</def>

<h1>Charterer</h1>
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<hw>Char"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who charters; esp. one who hires a ship for a voyage.</def>

<h1>Charterhouse</h1>
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<hw>Char"ter*house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A well known public school and charitable foundation in the building once used as a Carthusian monastery (<i>Chartreuse</i>) in London.</def>

<h1>Charterist</h1>
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<hw>Char"ter*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Chartist</er>.</def>

<h1>Chartism</h1>
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<hw>Chart"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>charte</ets> charter. Cf. <er>Charte</er>, <er>Chart</er>.]</ety> <def>The principles of a political party in England (1838-48), which contended for universal suffrage, the vote by ballot, annual parliaments, equal electoral districts, and other radical reforms, as set forth in a document called the <i>People's Charter</i>.</def>

<h1>Chartist</h1>
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<hw>Chart"ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A supporter or partisan of chartism.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Chartless</h1>
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<hw>Chart"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without a chart; having no guide.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not mapped; uncharted; vague.</def>

<i>Barlow.</i>

<mhw><h1>Chartographer, n., Chartographic </, a., Chartography</h1>
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<hw>Char*tog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Char`to*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>Char*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, etc.</mhw> <def>Same as <er>Cartographer</er>, <er>Cartographic</er>, <er>Cartography</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Chartomancy</h1>
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<hw>Char"to*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>charta</ets> paper + <ets>-mancy</ets>. Cf. <er>Cartomancy</er>.]</ety> <def>Divination by written paper or by cards.</def>

<h1>Chartometer</h1>
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<hw>Char*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chart</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring charts or maps.</def>

<h1>Chartreuse</h1>
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<hw>Char`treuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A Carthusian monastery; esp. <i>La Grande Chartreuse</i>, mother house of the order, in the mountains near Grenoble, France.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An alcoholic cordial, distilled from aromatic herbs; -- made at <i>La Grande Chartreuse</i>.</def>

<h1>Chartreux</h1>
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<hw>Char`treux"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A Carthusian.</def>

<h1>Chartulary</h1>
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<hw>Char"tu*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cartulary</er>.</def>

<h1>Charwoman</h1>
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<hw>Char"wom`an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Charwomen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[See <er>Char</er> a chore.]</ety> <def>A woman hired for odd work or for single days.</def>

<h1>Chary</h1>
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<hw>Char"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cearig</ets> careful, fr. <ets>cearu</ets> care. See <er>Care</er>.]</ety> <def>Careful; wary; cautious; not rash, reckless, or spendthrift; saving; frugal.</def>

<blockquote>His rising reputation made him more <b>chary</b> of his fame.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Charybdis</h1>
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<hw>Cha*ryb"dis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A dangerous whirlpool on the coast of Sicily opposite Scylla on the Italian coast. It is personified as a female monster. See <er>Scylla</er>.</def>

<h1>Chasable</h1>
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<hw>Chas"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being chased; fit for hunting.</def>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Chase</h1>
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<hw>Chase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chased</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>chacier</ets>, F. <ets>chasser</ets>, fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>captiare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>captare</ets> to strive to seize. See <er>Catch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pursue for the purpose of killing or taking, as an enemy, or game; to hunt.</def>

<blockquote>We are those which <b>chased</b> you from the field.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Philologists, who <b>chase</b>
A panting syllable through time and place.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To follow as if to catch; to pursue; to compel to move on; to drive by following; to cause to fly; -- often with <i>away</i> or <i>off</i>; <as>as, to <ex>chase</ex> the hens away</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Chased</b> by their brother's endless malice from prince to prince and from place to place.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pursue eagerly, as hunters pursue game.</def>

<blockquote><b>Chasing</b> each other merrily.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chase</h1>
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<hw>Chase</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To give chase; to hunt; <as>as, to <ex>chase</ex> around after a doctor</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Chase</h1>
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<hw>Chase</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chasse</ets>, fr. <ets>chasser</ets>. See <er>Chase</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Vehement pursuit for the purpose of killing or capturing, as of an enemy, or game; an earnest seeking after any object greatly desired; the act or habit of hunting; a hunt.</def> "This mad <i>chase</i> of fame."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>You see this <b>chase</b> is hotly followed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is pursued or hunted.</def>

<blockquote>Nay, Warwick, seek thee out some other <b>chase</b>,
For I myself must hunt this deer to death.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An open hunting ground to which game resorts, and which is private properly, thus differing from a forest, which is not private property, and from a park, which is inclosed. Sometimes written <i>chace</i>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Court Tennis)</fld> <def>A division of the floor of a gallery, marked by a figure or otherwise; the spot where a ball falls, and between which and the dedans the adversary must drive his ball in order to gain a point.</def>

<cs><col>Chase gun</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a cannon placed at the bow or stern of an armed vessel, and used when pursuing an enemy, or in defending the vessel when pursued.</cd> -- <col>Chase port</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a porthole from which a chase gun is fired.</cd> -- <col>Stern chase</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a chase in which the pursuing vessel follows directly in the wake of the vessel pursued.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chase</h1>
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<hw>Chase</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ch\'a0se</ets>, fr. L. <ets>capsa</ets> box, case. See <er>Case</er> a box.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rectangular iron frame in which pages or columns of type are imposed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The part of a cannon from the re\'89nforce or the trunnions to the swell of the muzzle. See <er>Cannon</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A groove, or channel, as in the face of a wall; a trench, as for the reception of drain tile.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A kind of joint by which an overlap joint is changed to a flush joint, by means of a gradually deepening rabbet, as at the ends of clinker-built boats.</def>

<h1>Chase</h1>
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<hw>Chase</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[A contraction of <ets>enchase</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ornament (a surface of metal) by embossing, cutting away parts, and the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cut, so as to make a screw thread.</def>

<h1>Chaser</h1>
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<hw>Chas"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who or that which chases; a pursuer; a driver; a hunter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Chase gun</er>, esp. in terms <i>bow chaser</i> and <i>stern chaser</i>. See under <er>Bow</er>, <er>Stern</er>.</def>

<h1>Chaser</h1>
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<hw>Chas"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who chases or engraves. See 5th <er>Chase</er>, and <er>Enchase</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A tool with several points, used for cutting or finishing screw threads, either external or internal, on work revolving in a lathe.</def>

<h1>Chasible</h1>
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<hw>Chas"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Chasuble</er>.</def>

<h1>Chasing</h1>
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<hw>Chas"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of ornamenting metal by means of chasing tools; also, a piece of ornamental work produced in this way.</def>

<h1>Chasm</h1>
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<hw>Chasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>chasma</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to grape, to open wide. See <er>Chaos</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A deep opening made by disruption, as a breach in the earth or a rock; a yawning abyss; a cleft; a fissure.</def>

<blockquote>That deep, romantic <b>chasm</b> which slanted down the green hill.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A void space; a gap or break, as in ranks of men.</def>

<blockquote>Memory . . . fills up the <b>chasms</b> of thought.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chasmed</h1>
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<hw>Chasmed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having gaps or a chasm.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Chasmy</h1>
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<hw>Chas"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a chasm; abounding in chasms.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<blockquote>They cross the <b>chasmy</b> torrent's foam-lit bed.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="243">
Page 243<p>

<h1>Chasse</h1>
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<hw>Chas`se"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>chass\'82</ets>, p. p. of <ets>chasser</ets> to chase.]</ety> <def>A movement in dancing, as across or to the right or left.</def>

<h1>Chasse</h1>
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<hw>Chas`se"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Dancing)</fld> <def>To make the movement called chass\'82; <as>as, all <ex>chass\'82</ex>; <ex>chass\'82</ex> to the right or left.</as></def>

<h1>Chasselas</h1>
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<hw>Chas"se*las</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from the village of <ets>Chasselas</ets>.]</ety> <def>A white grape, esteemed for the table.</def>

<h1>Chassepot</h1>
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<hw>Chasse`pot"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the French inventor, A. A. <ets>Chassepot</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A kind of breechloading, center-fire rifle, or improved needle gun.</def>

<h1>Chasseur</h1>
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<hw>Chas`seur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a huntsman. See <er>Chase</er> to pursue.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>One of a body of light troops, cavalry or infantry, trained for rapid movements.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An attendant upon persons of rank or wealth, wearing a plume and sword.</def>

<blockquote>The great <b>chasseur</b> who had announced her arrival.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chassis</h1>
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<hw>Chas"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ch<?/ssis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A traversing base frame, or movable railway, along which the carriage of a barbette or casemate gum moves backward and forward. [See <er>Gun carriage</er>.]</def>

<h1>Chast</h1>
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<hw>Chast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>to chasten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Chaste</h1>
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<hw>Chaste</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chaste</ets>, from L. <ets>castus</ets> pure, chaste; cf. Gr. <?/ pure, Skr. <ets><?/udth</ets> to purify.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pure from unlawful sexual intercourse; virtuous; continent.</def> "As <i>chaste</i> as Diana."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Whose bed is undefiled and <b>chaste</b> pronounced.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pure in thought and act; innocent; free from lewdness and obscenity, or indecency in act or speech; modest; <as>as, a <ex>chaste</ex> mind; <ex>chaste</ex> eyes.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pure in design and expression; correct; free from barbarisms or vulgarisms; refined; simple; <as>as, a <ex>chaste</ex> style in composition or art</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That great model of <b>chaste</b>, lofty, and eloquence, the Book of Common Prayer.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Unmarried.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Undefiled; pure; virtuous; continent; immaculate; spotless.</syn>

<cs><col>Chaste tree</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Agnus castus</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chastely</h1>
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<hw>Chaste"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a chaste manner; with purity.</def>

<h1>Chasten</h1>
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<hw>Chas"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chastened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chastening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>chastien</ets>, OF. <ets>Chastier</ets>, F. <ets>Ch<?/tier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>castigare</ets> to punish, chastise; <ets>castus</ets> pure + <ets>agere</ets> to lead, drive. See <er>Chaste</er>, <er>Act</er>, and cf. <er>Castigate</er>, <er>Chastise</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To correct by punishment; to inflict pain upon the purpose of reclaiming; to discipline; <as>as, to <ex>chasten</ex> a son with a rod</as>.</def>

<blockquote>For whom the Lord loveth he <b>chasteneth</b>.
<i>Heb. xii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To purify from errors or faults; to refine.</def>

<blockquote>They [classics] <b>chasten</b> and enlarge the mind, and excite to noble actions.
<i>Layard.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To chastise; punish; correct; discipline; castigate; afflict; subdue; purify. To <er>Chasten</er>, <er>Punish</er>, <er>Chastise</er>. To <i>chasten</i> is to subject to affliction or trouble, in order to produce a general change for the better in life or character. To <i>punish</i> is to inflict penalty for violation of law, disobedience to authority, or intentional wrongdoing. To <i>chastise</i> is to punish a particular offense, as with stripes, especially with the hope that suffering or disgrace may prevent a repetition of faults.</syn>

<h1>Chastened</h1>
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<hw>Chas"tened</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Corrected; disciplined; refined; purified; toned down.</def>

<i>Sir. W. Scott.</i>

<blockquote>Of such a finished <b>chastened</b> purity.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chastener</h1>
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<hw>Chas"ten*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who chastens.</def>

<h1>Chasteness</h1>
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<hw>Chaste"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Chastity; purity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Literature & Art)</fld> <def>Freedom from all that is meretricious, gaundy, or affected; <as>as, <ex>chasteness</ex> of design</as>.</def>

<h1>Chastisable</h1>
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<hw>Chas*tis"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable or deserving of chastisement; punishable.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Chastise</h1>
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<hw>Chas*tise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Chastised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chastising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>chastisen</ets>; <ets>chastien</ets> + ending <ets>-isen</ets> + modern <ets>-ise</ets>, <ets>ize</ets>, L. <ets>izare</ets>, G. <?/. See <er>Chasten</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To inflict pain upon, by means of stripes, or in any other manner, for the purpose of punishment or reformation; to punish, as with stripes.</def>

<blockquote>How fine my master is! I am afraid
He will <b>chastise</b> me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am glad to see the vanity or envy of the canting chemists thus discovered and <b>chastised</b>.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reduce to order or obedience; to correct or purify; to free from faults or excesses.</def>

<blockquote>The gay, social sense, by decency <b>chastised</b>.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Chasten</er>.</syn>

<h1>Chastisement</h1>
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<hw>Chas"tise*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Chastise</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of chastising; pain inflicted for punishment and correction; discipline; punishment.</def>

<blockquote>Shall I so much dishonor my fair stars,
On equal terms to give him <b>chastesement</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have borne <b>chastisement</b>; I will not offend any more.
<i>Job xxxiv. 31.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chastiser</h1>
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<hw>Chas*tis"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who chastises; a punisher; a corrector.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>chastiser</b> of the rich.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chastity</h1>
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<hw>Chas"ti*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chastet\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>castitas</ets>, fr. <ets>castus</ets>. See <er>Chaste</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being chaste; purity of body; freedom from unlawful sexual intercourse.</def>

<blockquote>She . . . hath preserved her spotless <b>chastity</b>.
<i>T. Carew.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Moral purity.</def>

<blockquote>So dear to heaven is saintly <b>chastity</b>,
That, when a soul is found sicerely so
A thousand liveried angels lackey her.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The unmarried life; celibacy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Literature & Art)</fld> <def>Chasteness.</def>

<h1>Chasuble</h1>
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<hw>Chas"u*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chasuble</ets>, LL. <ets>casubula</ets>, <ets>cassibula</ets>, <ets>casula</ets>, a hooded garment, covering the person like a little house; cf. It. <ets>casupola</ets>, <ets>casipola</ets>, cottage, dim of L. <ets>casa</ets> cottage.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The outer vestment worn by the priest in saying Mass, consisting, in the Roman Catholic Church, of a broad, flat, back piece, and a narrower front piece, the two connected over the shoulders only. The back has usually a large cross, the front an upright bar or pillar, designed to be emblematical of Christ's sufferings. In the Greek Church the chasuble is a large round mantle.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chasible</asp>, and <asp>chesible</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Chat</h1>
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<hw>Chat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chatted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chatting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Chatter</er>. \'fb22.]</ety> <def>To talk in a light and familiar manner; to converse without form or ceremony; to gossip.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>To <b>chat</b> a while on their adventures.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To talk; chatter; gossip; converse.</syn>

<h1>Chat</h1>
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<hw>Chat</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To talk of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chat</h1>
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<hw>Chat</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Light, familiar talk; conversation; gossip.</def>

<blockquote>Snuff, or fan, supply each pause of <b>chat</b>,
With singing, laughing, ogling, and all that.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of the genus <spn>Icteria</spn>, allied to the warblers, in America. The best known species are the yelow-breasted chat (<spn>I. viridis</spn>), and the long chat (<spn>I. longicauda</spn>). In Europe the name is given to several birds of the family <spn>Saxicolid\'91</spn>, as the <stype>stonechat</stype>, and <stype>whinchat</stype>.</def>

<cs><col>Bush chat</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Bush</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chat</h1>
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<hw>Chat</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A twig, cone, or little branch. See <er>Chit</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Small stones with ore.</def>

<cs><col>Chat potatoes</col>, <cd>small potatoes, such as are given to swine. <mark>[Local.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Chateau</h1>
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<hw>Cha`teau"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chateux</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>ch\'83teau</ets> a castle. See <er>Castle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A castle or a fortress in France.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A manor house or residence of the lord of the manor; a gentleman's country seat; also, particularly, a royal residence; <as>as, the <ex>chateau</ex> of the Louvre; the <ex>chateau</ex> of the Luxembourg.</as></def>

<note>&hand; The distinctive, French term for a fortified caste of the middle ages is <i>ch\'83teau-fort</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Chateau en Espagne</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>a castle in Spain, that is, a castle in the air, Spain being the region of romance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chatelaine</h1>
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<hw>Chat"e*laine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ch\'83telaine</ets> the wife of a castellan, the mistress of a chateau, a chatelaine chain.]</ety> <def>An ornamental hook, or brooch worn by a lady at her waist, and having a short chain or chains attached for a watch, keys, trinkets, etc. Also used adjectively; <as>as, a <ex>chatelaine</ex> chain</as>.</def>

<h1>Chatelet</h1>
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<hw>Chat"e*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ch\'83telet</ets>, dim. of <ets>ch\'83teau</ets>. <ets>See</ets> <er>Castle</er>.]</ety> <def>A little castle.</def>

<h1>Chatellany</h1>
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<hw>Chat"el*la*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ch\'83tellenie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Castellany</er>.</def>

<h1>Chati</h1>
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<hw>Cha`ti"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chat</ets> cat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small South American species of tiger cat (<spn>Felis mitis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Chatoyant</h1>
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<hw>Cha*toy"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. pr. of <ets>chatoyer</ets> to be chatoyant, fr. <ets>chat</ets> cat.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Having a changeable, varying luster, or color, like that of a changeable silk, or oa a cat's eye in the dark.</def>

<h1>Chatoyant</h1>
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<hw>Cha*toy"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hard stone, as the <i>cat's-eye</i>, which presents on a polished surface, and in the interior, an undulating or wary light.</def>

<h1>Chatoyment</h1>
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<hw>Cha*toy"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chatoiement</ets>. See <er>Chatoyant</er>.]</ety> <def>Changeableness of color, as in a mineral; play of colors.</def>

<i>Cleaceland.</i>

<h1>Chattel</h1>
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<hw>Chat"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>chatel</ets>; another form of <ets>catel</ets>. See <er>Cattle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Any item of movable or immovable property except the freehold, or the things which are parcel of it. It is a more extensive term than <i>goods</i> or <i>effects</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Chattels</i> are personal or real: <i>personal</i> are such as are movable, as goods, plate, money; <i>real</i> are such rights in land as are less than a freehold, as leases, mortgages, growing corn, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Chattel mortgage</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a mortgage on personal property, as distinguished from one on real property.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chattelism</h1>
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<hw>Chat"tel*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or condition of holding chattels; the state of being a chattel.</def>

<h1>Chatter</h1>
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<hw>Chat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chattered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chattering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of imitative origin. Cf. <er>Chat</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <er>Chitter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter sounds which somewhat resemble language, but are inarticulate and indistinct.</def>

<blockquote>The jaw makes answer, as the magpie <b>chatters</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To talk idly, carelessly, or with undue rapidity; to jabber; to prate.</def>

<blockquote>To tame a shrew, and charm her <b>chattering</b> tongue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make a noise by rapid collisions.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>chattering</b> teeth, and bristling hair upright.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chatter</h1>
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<hw>Chat"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter rapidly, idly, or indistinctly.</def>

<blockquote>Begin his witless note apace to <b>chatter</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chatter</h1>
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<hw>Chat"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sounds like those of a magpie or monkey; idle talk; rapid, thoughtless talk; jabber; prattle.</def>

<blockquote>Your words are but idle and empty <b>chatter</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Noise made by collision of the teeth, as in shivering.</def>

<h1>Chatteration</h1>
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<hw>Chat*ter*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or habit of chattering.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Chatterer</h1>
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<hw>Chat"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A prater; an idle talker.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of the family <spn>Ampelid\'91</spn> -- so called from its monotonous note.  The <stype>Bohemion chatterer</stype> (<spn>Ampelis garrulus</spn>) inhabits the arctic regions of both continents. In America the <stype>cedar bird</stype> is a more common species. See <cref>Bohemian chatterer</cref>, and <cref>Cedar bird</cref>.</def>

<h1>Chattering</h1>
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<hw>Chat"ter*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or habit of talking idly or rapidly, or of making inarticulate sounds; the sounds so made; noise made by the collision of the teeth; chatter.</def>

<h1>Chattiness</h1>
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<hw>Chat"ti*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being chatty, or of talking easily and pleasantly.</def>

<h1>Chatty</h1>
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<hw>Chat"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Given to light, familiar talk; talkative.</def>

<i>Lady M. W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Chatty</h1>
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<hw>Chat"ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Tamil <ets>sh\'beti</ets>.]</ety> <def>A porous earthen pot used in India for cooling water, etc.</def>

<h1>Chatwood</h1>
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<hw>Chat"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chat</ets> a little stick + <ets>wood</ets>.]</ety> <def>Little sticks; twigs for burning; fuel.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Chaud-medley</h1>
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<hw>Chaud"-med`ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chaude m\'88l\'82e</ets>; <ets>chaud</ets> hot + <ets>m\'88ler</ets> (Formerly sometimes spelt medler) to mingle.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The killing of a person in an affray, in the heat of blood, and while under the influence of passion, thus distinguished from <i>chance-medley</i> or killing in self-defense, or in a casual affray.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Chaudron</h1>
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<hw>Chau"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Chawdron</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chauffer</h1>
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<hw>Chauf"fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chauffoir</ets> a kind of stone, fr. <ets>chauffer</ets> to heat. See <er>Chafe</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A table stove or small furnace, usually a cylindrical box of sheet iron, with a grate at the bottem, and an open top.</def>

<h1>Chauldron</h1>
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<hw>Chaul"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Chawdron</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chaun</h1>
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<hw>Chaun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Colgrave.</i>

<h1>Chaun</h1>
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<hw>Chaun</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To open; to yawn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>O, <b>chaun</b> thy breast.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chaunt</h1>
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<hw>Chaunt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Chant</er>.</def>

<h1>Chaunter</h1>
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<hw>Chaunt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A street seller of ballads and other broadsides.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A deceitful, tricky dealer or horse jockey.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>He was a horse <b>chaunter</b>; he's a leg now.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The flute of a bagpipe. See <er>Chanter</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Chaunterie</h1>
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<hw>Chaunt"er*ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Chantry</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Chaus</h1>
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<hw>Cha"us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>a lynxlike animal of Asia and Africa (<spn>Lynx Lybicus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Chausses</h1>
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<hw>Chausses</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The garment for the legs and feet and for the body below the waist, worn in Europe throughout the Middle Ages; applied also to the armor for the same parts, when fixible, as of chain mail.</def>

<h1>Chaussure</h1>
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<hw>Chaus`sure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A foot covering of any kind.</def>

<h1>Chauvinism</h1>
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<hw>Chau"vin*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chauvinisme</ets>, from <ets>Chauvin</ets>, a character represented as making grotesque and threatening displays of his attachment to his fallen chief, Napoleon I., in 1815.]</ety> <def>Blind and absurd devotion to a fallen leader or an obsolete cause; hence, absurdly vainglorious or exaggerated patriotism.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Chau"vin*ist</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Chau`vin*is"tic</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<note>&hand; To have a generous belief in the greatness of one's country is not <i>chauvinism</i>. It is the character of the latter quality to be wildly extravagant, to be fretful and childish and silly, to resent a doubt as an insult, and to offend by its very frankness.</note>

<i>Prof. H. Tuttle.</i>

<h1>Chavender</h1>
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<hw>Chav"en*der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cheven</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The chub.</def>

<i>Walton.</i>

<h1>Chaw</h1>
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<hw>Chaw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chawed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chawing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Chew</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grind with the teeth; to masticate, as food in eating; to chew, as the cud; to champ, as the bit.</def>

<blockquote>The trampling steed, with gold and purple trapped,
<b>Chawing</b> the foamy bit, there fiercely stood.
<i>Surrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To ruminate in thought; to consider; to keep the mind working upon; to brood over.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<note>A word formerly in good use, but now regarded as vulgar.</note>

<h1>Chaw</h1>
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<hw>Chaw</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chaw</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>As much as is put in the mouth at once; a chew; a quid.</def> <mark>[Law]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Jaw</er>.]</ety> <def>The jaw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<cs><col>Chaw bacon</col>, <cd>a rustic; a bumpkin; a lout.</cd> <fld>(Law)</fld> -- <col>Chaw tooth</col>, <cd>a grinder. <fld>(Law)</fld></cd></cs>

<h1>Chawdron</h1>
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<hw>Chaw"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>chaudun</ets>, <ets>caudun</ets>, <ets>caldun</ets>; cf. G. <ets>kaldaunen</ets> guts, bowels, LL. <ets>calduna</ets> intestine, W. <ets>coluddyn</ets> gut, dim. of <ets>coludd</ets> bowels.]</ety> <def>Entrails.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chaudron</asp>, <asp>chauldron</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Chay root</h1>
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<hw>Chay" root`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Tamil <ets>sh\'beya</ets>.]</ety> <def>The root of the <spn>Oldenlandia umbellata</spn>, native in India, which yieds a durable red dyestuff.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>choy root</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Chazy epoch</h1>
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<hw>Cha*zy" ep"och</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An epoch at the close of the Canadian period of the American Lower Silurian system; -- so named from a township in Clinton Co., New York. See the Diagram under <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Cheap</h1>
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<hw>Cheap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ce\'a0p</ets> bargain, sale, price; akin to D. <ets>Koop</ets> purchase, G. <ets>Kauf</ets>, ICel. <ets>kaup</ets> bargain. Cf. <er>Cheapen</er>, <er>Chapman</er>, <er>Chaffer</er>, <er>Cope</er>, v. i.]</ety> <def>A bargain; a purchase; cheapness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The sack that thou hast drunk me would have bought me lights as good <b>cheap</b> at the dearest chandler's in Europe.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cheap</h1>
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<hw>Cheap</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. "good <ets>cheap</ets>": a good purchase or bargain; cf. F. <ets>bon march\'82</ets>, <ets>\'85 bon march\'82</ets>. See <er>Cheap</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Cheapen</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a low price in market; of small cost or price, as compared with the usual price or the real value.</def>

<blockquote>Where there are a great sellers to a few buyers, there the thing to be sold will be <b>cheap</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of comparatively small value; common; mean.</def>

<blockquote>You grow <b>cheap</b> in every subject's eye.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Dog cheap</col>, <cd>very cheap, -- a phrase formed probably by the catachrestical transposition of <i>good<i> cheap. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark><-- = dirt cheap?--></cd></cs>

<h1>Cheap</h1>
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<hw>Cheap</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Cheaply.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Cheap</h1>
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<hw>Cheap</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To buy; to bargain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<hr>
<page="244">
Page 244<p>

<h1>Cheapen</h1>
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<hw>Cheap"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cheapened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cheapening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cheapien</ets>, <ets>chepen</ets>, to trade, buy, sell, AS. <ets>ce\'a0pian</ets>; akin to D. <ets>koopen</ets> to buy, G. <ets>kaufen</ets>, Icel. <ets>kaupa</ets>, Goth. <ets>kaup\'d3n</ets> to trade. Cf. <er>Chap</er> to bargain.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ask the price of; to bid, bargain, or chaffer for.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<blockquote>Pretend to <b>cheapen</b> goods, but nothing buy.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cheap</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To beat down the price of; to lessen the value of; to depreciate.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>My proffered love has <b>cheapened</b> me.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cheapener</h1>
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<hw>Cheap"en*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who cheapens.</def>

<h1>Cheap-jack, Cheap-john</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cheap"-jack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cheap"-john`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A seller of low-priced or second goods; a hawker.</def>

<h1>Cheaply</h1>
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<hw>Cheap"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>At a small price; at a low value; in a common or inferior manner.</def>

<h1>Cheapness</h1>
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<hw>Cheap"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Lowness in price, considering the usual price, or real value.</def>

<h1>Chear</h1>
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<hw>Chear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Cheer</er>.</def>

<h1>Cheat</h1>
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<hw>Cheat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[rob. an abbrevation of <ets>escheat</ets>, lands or tenements that fall to a lord or to the state by forfeiture, or by the death of the tenant without heirs; the meaning being explained by the frauds, real or supposed, that were resorted to in procuring escheats. See <er>Escheat</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An act of deception or fraud; that which is the means of fraud or deception; a fraud; a trick; imposition; imposture.</def>

<blockquote>When I consider life, 'tis all a <b>cheat</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who cheats or deceives; an impostor; a deceiver; a cheater.</def>

<blockquote>Airy wonders, which <b>cheats</b> interpret.
<i>Johnson</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A troublesome grass, growing as a weed in grain fields; -- called also <altname>chess</altname>. See <er>Chess</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The obtaining of property from another by an intentional active distortion of the truth.</def>

<note>&hand; When <i>cheats</i> are effected by deceitful or illegal symbols or tokens which may affect the public at large and against which common prudence could not have guarded, they are indictable at common law.

<i>Wharton.</i>
</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Deception; imposture; fraud; delusion; artifice; trick; swindle; deceit; guile; finesse; stratagem.</syn>

<h1>Cheat</h1>
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<hw>Cheat</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cheated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cheating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>CHeat</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Escheat</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deceive and defraud; to impose upon; to trick; to swindle.</def>

<blockquote>I am subject to a tyrant, a sorcerer, that by his cunning hath <b>cheated</b> me of this island.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To beguile.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<blockquote>To <b>cheat</b> winter of its dreariness.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To trick; cozen; gull; chouse; fool; outwit; circumvent; beguile; mislead; dupe; swindle; defraud; overreach; delude; hoodwink; deceive; bamboozle.</syn>

<h1>Cheat</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Cheat</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To practice fraud or trickery; <as>as, to <ex>cheat</ex> at cards</as>.</def>

<h1>Cheat</h1>
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<hw>Cheat</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. from OF. <ets>chet\'82</ets> goods, chattels.]</ety> <def>Wheat, or bread made from wheat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<blockquote>Their purest <b>cheat</b>,
Thrice bolted, kneaded, and subdued in paste.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cheatable</h1>
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<hw>Cheat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being cheated.</def>

<h1>Cheatableness</h1>
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<hw>Cheat"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capability of being cheated.</def>

<h1>Cheater</h1>
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<hw>Cheat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who cheats.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An escheator.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Chebacco</h1>
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<hw>Che*bac"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Chebacco</ets>, the former name of Essex, a town in Massachusetts where such vessels were built.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A narrow-sterned boat formerly much used in the Newfoundland fisheries; -- called also <altname>pinkstern</altname> and <altname>chebec</altname>.</def>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Chebec</h1>
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<hw>Che"bec</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Chebacco</er>.</def>

<h1>Chebec</h1>
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<hw>Che*bec"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from its note.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small American bird (<spn>Empidonax minimus</spn>); the least flycatcher.</def>

<h1>Check</h1>
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<hw>Check</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>chek</ets>, OF. <ets>eschec</ets>, F. <ets>\'82chec</ets>, a stop, hindrance, orig. check in the game of chess, pl. <ets>\'82checs</ets> chess, through AR., fr. Pers. <ets>sh\'beh</ets> king. See <er>Shah</er>, and cf. <er>Checkmate</er>, <er>Chess</er>, <er>Checker</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chess)</fld> <def>A word of warning denoting that the king is in danger; such a menace of a player's king by an adversary's move as would, if it were any other piece, expose it to immediate capture. A king so menaced is said to be <i>in check</i>, and must be made safe at the next move.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A condition of interrupted or impeded progress; arrest; stop; delay; <as>as, to hold an enemy in <ex>check</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Which gave a remarkable <b>check</b> to the first progress of Christianity.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No <b>check</b>, no stay, this streamlet fears.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Whatever arrests progress, or limits action; an obstacle, guard, restraint, or rebuff.</def>

<blockquote>Useful <b>check</b> upon the administration of government.
<i>Washington.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A man whom no <b>check</b> could abash.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A mark, certificate, or token, by which, errors may be prevented, or a thing or person may be identified; <as>as, <ex>checks</ex> placed against items in an account; a <ex>check</ex> given for baggage; a return <ex>check</ex> on a railroad.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A written order directing a bank or banker to pay money as therein stated. See <cref>Bank check</cref>, below.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A woven or painted design in squares resembling the patten of a checkerboard; one of the squares of such a design; also, cloth having such a figure.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>The forsaking by a hawk of its proper game to follow other birds.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Small chick or crack.</def>

<cs><col>Bank check</col>, <cd>a written order on a banker or broker to pay money in his keeping belonging to the signer.</cd> -- <col>Check book</col>, <cd>a book containing blank forms for checks upon a bank.</cd> -- <col>Check hook</col>, <cd>a hook on the saddle of a harness, over which a checkrein is looped.</cd> -- <col>Check list</col>, <cd>a list or catalogue by which things may be verified, or on which they may be checked.</cd> -- <col>Check nut</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a secondary nut, screwing down upon the primary nut to secure it. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Check valve</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a valve in the feed pipe of a boiler to prevent the return of the feed water.</cd> -- <col>To take check</col>, <cd>to take offense. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Dryden</i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Hindrance; setback; interruption; obstruction; reprimand; censure; rebuke; reproof; repulse; rebuff; tally; counterfoil; counterbalance; ticket; draft.</syn>

<h1>Check</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Check</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Checked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>checking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chess)</fld> <def>To make a move which puts an adversary's piece, esp. his king, in check; to put in check.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put a sudden restraint upon; to stop temporarily; to hinder; to repress; to curb.</def>

<blockquote>So many clogs to <b>check</b> and retard the headlong course of violence and oppression.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To verify, to guard, to make secure, by means of a mark, token, or other check; to distinguish by a check; to put a mark against (an item) after comparing with an original or a counterpart in order to secure accuracy; <as>as, to <ex>check</ex> an account; to <ex>check</ex> baggage.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To chide, rebuke, or reprove.</def>

<blockquote>The good king, his master, will <b>check</b> him for it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To slack or ease off, as a brace which is too stiffly extended.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To make checks or chinks in; to cause to crack; <as>as, the sun <ex>checks</ex> timber</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To restrain; curb; bridle; repress; control; hinder; impede; obstruct; interrupt; tally; rebuke; reprove; rebuff.</syn>

<h1>Check</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Check</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a stop; to pause; -- with <i>at</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its power, either is disabled for the future, or else <b>checks</b> at any vigorous undertaking ever after.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To clash or interfere.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To act as a curb or restraint.</def>

<blockquote>It [his presence] <b>checks</b> too strong upon me.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To crack or gape open, as wood in drying; or to crack in small checks, as varnish, paint, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>To turn, when in pursuit of proper game, and fly after other birds.</def>

<blockquote>And like the haggard, <b>check</b> at every feather
That comes before his eye.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Check</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Check</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Checkered; designed in checks.</def>

<h1>Checkage</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Check"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of checking; <as>as, the <ex>checkage</ex> of a name or of an item in a list</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The items, or the amount, to which attention is called by a check or checks.</def>

<h1>Checker</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Check"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Check</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>One who checks.</def>

<h1>Checker</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Check"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Checkered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Checkering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From OF. <ets>eschequier</ets> a chessboard, F. <ets>\'82chiquier</ets>. See <er>Check</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. 3d <er>Checker</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To mark with small squares like a checkerboard, as by crossing stripes of different colors.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To variegate or diversify with different qualities, color, scenes, or events; esp., to subject to frequent alternations of prosterity and adversity.</def>

<blockquote>Our minds are, as it were, <b>checkered</b> with truth and falsehood.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Checker</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Check"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>eschequier</ets>. See <er>Checker</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece in the game of draughts or checkers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pattern in checks; a single check.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Checkerwork.</def>

<note>&hand; This word is also written <i>chequer</i>.</note>

<h1>Checkerberry</h1>
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<hw>Check"er*ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Checkerberries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A spicy plant and its bright red berry; the wintergreen (<spn>Gaultheria procumbens</spn>). Also incorrectly applied to the partridge berry (<spn>Mitchella repens</spn>).</def>

<h1>Checkerboard</h1>
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<hw>Check"er*board</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A board with sixty-four squares of alternate color, used for playing checkers or draughts.</def>

<h1>Chackered</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Chack"ered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Marked with alternate squares or checks of different color or material.</def>

<blockquote>Dancing in the <b>checkered</b> shade.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Diversified or variegated in a marked manner, as in appearance, character, circumstances, etc.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>checkered</b> narrative.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Checkers</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Check"ers</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Checher</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>A game, called also <altname>daughts</altname>, played on a checkerboard by two persons, each having twelve men (counters or checkers) which are moved diagonally.  The game is ended when either of the players has lost all his men, or can not move them.</def>

<h1>Checkerwork</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Check"er*work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Work consisting of or showing checkers varied alternately as to colors or materials.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any aggregate of varied vicissitudes.</def>

<blockquote>How strange a <b>checkerwork</b> of Providence is the life of man.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Checklaton</h1>
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<hw>Check"la*ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ciclatoun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gilded leather.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Checkless</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Check"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That can not be checked or restrained.</def>

<h1>Checkmate</h1>
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<hw>Check"mate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. \'82chec et mat, fr. Per. <ets>sh\'beh m\'bet</ets> ceckmate, lit., the king is dead, fr. Ar. m\'beta he died, is dead. The king, when made prisoner, or checkmated, is assumed to be dead, and the game is finished. See <er>Chess</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The position in the game of chess when a king is in check and cannot be released, -- which ends the game.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A complete check; utter defeat or overthrow.</def>

<h1>Checkmate</h1>
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<hw>Check"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Checkmated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Checkmating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chess)</fld> <def>To check (an adversary's king) in such a manner that escape in impossible; to defeat (an adversary) by putting his king in check from which there is no escape.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To defeat completely; to terminate; to thwart.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>checkmate</b> and control my just demands.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Checkrein</h1>
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<hw>Check"rein`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A short rein looped over the check hook to prevent a horse from lowering his head; -- called also a <altname>bearing rein</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A branch rein connecting the driving rein of one horse of a span or pair with the bit of the other horse.</def>

<h1>Checkroll</h1>
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<hw>Check"roll`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A list of servants in a household; -- called also <altname>chequer roll</altname>.</def>

<h1>Checkstring</h1>
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<hw>Check"string`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cord by which a person in a carriage or horse car may signal to the driver.</def>

<h1>Checkwork</h1>
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<hw>Check"work</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything made so as to form alternate squares lke those of a checkerboard.</def>

<h1>Checky</h1>
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<hw>Check"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Divided into small alternating squares of two tinctures; -- said of the field or of an armorial bearing.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>checquy</asp>, <asp>cheguy</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cheddar</h1>
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<hw>Ched"dar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to, or made at, <i>Cheddar</i>, in England; <as>as, <ex>Cheddar</ex> cheese</as>.</def>

<h1>Cheek</h1>
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<hw>Cheek</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cheke</ets>, <ets>cheoke</ets>, AS. <ets>c\'82ace</ets>, <ets>c\'82oce</ets>; cf. Goth. <ets>kukjan</ets> to kiss, D. <ets>kaak</ets> cheek; perh. akin to E. <ets>chew</ets>, <ets>jaw</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The side of the face below the eye.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The cheek bone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Caucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Those pieces of a machine, or of any timber, or stone work, which form corresponding sides, or which are similar and in pair; <as>as, the <ex>cheeks</ex> (jaws) of a vise; the <ex>cheeks</ex> of a gun carriage, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The branches of a bridle bit.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A section of a flask, so made that it can be moved laterally, to permit the removal of the pattern from the mold; the middle part of a flask.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Cool confidence; assurance; impudence.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<cs><col>Cheek of beef</col>. <cd>See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Beef</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cheek bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>the bone of the side of the fase; esp., the malar bone.</cd> -- <col>Cheek by jowl</col>, <cd>side by side; very intimate.</cd> -- <col>Cheek pouch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a sacklike dilation of the cheeks of certain monkeys and rodents, used for holding food.</cd> -- <col>Cheeks of a block</col>, <cd>the two sides of the shell of a tackle block.</cd> -- <col>Cheeks of a mast</col>, <cd>the projection on each side of a mast, upon which the trestletrees rest.</cd> -- <col>Cheek tooth</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a hinder or molar tooth.</cd> -- <col>Butment cheek</col>. <cd>See under <er>Butment</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cheek</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Cheek</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To be impudent or saucy to.</def> <mark>[Slang.]</mark>

<h1>Cheeked</h1>
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<hw>Cheeked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a cheek; -- used in composition.</def> "Rose-<i>cheeked</i> Adonis."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cheeky</h1>
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<hw>Cheek"y</hw>, <def>a Brazen-faced; impudent; bold.</def> <mark>[Slang.]</mark>

<h1>Cheep</h1>
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<hw>Cheep</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cheeped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chirp</er>]</ety>. <def>To chirp, as a young bird.</def>

<h1>Cheep</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Cheep</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give expression to in a chirping tone.</def>

<blockquote><b>Cheep</b> and twitter twenty million loves.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cheep</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Cheep</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chirp, peep, or squeak, as of a young bird or mousse.</def>

<h1>Cheer</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Cheer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>chere</ets> face, welcome, cheer, OF. <ets>chiere</ets>, F. <ets>ch\'8are</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>cara</ets> face, Gr. <?/ head; akin to Skr. <ets><?/iras</ets>, L. <ets>cerebrum</ets> brain, G. <ets>hirn</ets>, and E. <ets>cranium</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The face; the countenance or its expression.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Sweat of thy <i>cheer</i>."

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Feeling; spirit; state of mind or heart.</def>

<blockquote>Be of good <b>cheer</b>.
<i>Matt. ix. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The parents . . . fled away with heavy <b>cheer</b>.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Gayety; mirth; cheerfulness; animation.</def>

<blockquote>I have not that alacrity of spirit,
Nor <b>cheer</b> of mind, that I was wont to have.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which promotes good spirits or cheerfulness; provisions prepared for a feast; entertainment; <as>as, a table loaded with good <ex>cheer</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A shout, hurrah, or acclamation, expressing joy enthusiasm, applause, favor, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Welcome her, thundering <b>cheer</b> of the street.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Whzt cheer</col><cd>? Now do you fare? What is there that is cheering?</cd></cs>

<h1>Cheer</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Cheer</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cheered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>cheering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to rejoice; to gladden; to make cheerful; -- often with <i>up</i>.</def>

<i>Cowpe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To infuse life, courage, animation, or hope, into; to inspirit; to solace or comfort.</def>

<blockquote>The proud he tamed, the penitent he <b>cheered</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To salute or applaud with cheers; to urge on by cheers; <as>as, to <ex>cheer</ex> hounds in a chase</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To cheer ship</col>, <cd>to salute a passing ship by cheers of sailors stationed in the rigging.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To gladden; encourage; inspirit; comfort; console; enliven; refresh; exhilarate; animate; applaud.</syn>

<h1>Cheer</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Cheer</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grow cheerful; to become gladsome or joyous; -- usually with <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote>At sight of thee my gloomy soul <b>cheers</b> up.
<i>A. Philips.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be in any state or temper of mind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>How <b>cheer'st</b> thou, Jessica?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To utter a shout or shouts of applause, triumph, etc.</def>

<blockquote>And even the ranks of Tusculum
Could scare forbear to <b>cheer</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cheerer</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Cheer"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who cheers; one who, or that which, gladdens.</def>  "Thou <i>cheerer</i> of our days." <i>Wotton</i>. "Prime <i>cheerer</i>, light." <i>Thomson</i>.

<h1>Cheerful</h1>
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<hw>Cheer"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having or showing good spirits or joy; cheering; cheery; contented; happy; joyful; lively; animated; willing.</def>

<blockquote>To entertain a <b>cheerful</b> disposition.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>cheerful</b> birds of sundry kind
Do chant sweet music.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>cheerful</b> confidence in the mercy of God.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This general applause and <b>cheerful</b> shout.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Lively; animated; gay; joyful; lightsome; gleeful; blithe; airy; sprightly; jocund; jolly; joyous; vivacious; buoyant; sunny; happy; hopeful.</syn>

<h1>Cheerfully</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Cheer"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a cheerful manner, gladly.</def>

<h1>Cheerfulness</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Cheer"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Good spirits; a state of moderate joy or gayety; alacrity.</def>

<h1>Cheerily</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Cheer"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a cheery manner.</def>

<h1>Cheeriness</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Cheer"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being cheery.</def>

<h1>Cheeringly</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Cheer"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner to cheer or encourage.</def>

<h1>Cheerisness</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Cheer"is*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cheerfulness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There is no Christian duty that is not to be seasoned and set off with <b>cheerishness</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cheerless</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Cheer"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without joy, gladness, or comfort.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Cheer"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Cheer"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>My cheerful day is turned to <b>cheerles</b> night.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Gloomy; sad; comfortless; dispiriting; dicsconsolate; dejected; melancholy; forlorn.</syn>

<h1>Cheerly</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Cheer"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gay; cheerful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cheerly</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Cheer"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Cheerily.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Cheerry</h1>
<Xpage=244>

<hw>Cheer"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cheerful; lively; gay; bright; pleasant; <as>as, a <ex>cheery</ex> person</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>cheery</b> little study, where the sunshine glimmered so pleasantly.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="245">
Page 245<p>

<h1>Cheese</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Cheese</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>chese</ets>, AS. <ets>c\'c7se</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caseus</ets>, LL. <ets>casius</ets>. Cf. <er>Casein</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The curd of milk, coagulated usually with rennet, separated from the whey, and pressed into a solid mass in a hoop or mold.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mass of pomace, or ground apples, pressed togehter in the form of a cheese.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The flat, circuliar, mucilaginous fruit of the dwarf mallow (<spn>Malva rotundifolia</spn>).</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A low courtesy; -- so called on account of the cheese form assumed by a woman's dress when she stoops after extending the skirts by a rapid gyration.</def>

<i>De Quincey. Thackeray.</i>

<cs><col>Cheese cake</col>, <cd>a cake made of or filled with, a composition of soft curds, sugar, and butter. <i>Prior<i>.</cd> -- <col>Cheese fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a black dipterous insect (<spn>Piophila casei</spn>) of which the larv\'91 or maggots, called <i>ckippers<i> or <i>hoppers<i>, live in cheese.</cd> -- <col>Cheese mite</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a minute mite (<spn>Tryoglyhus siro</spn>) in cheese and other articles of food.</cd> -- <col>Cheese press</col>, <cd>a press used in making cheese, to separate the whey from the curd, and to press the curd into a mold.</cd> -- <col>Cheese rennet</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the Madder family (<spn>Golium verum</spn>, or <i>yellow bedstraw<i>), sometimes used to coagulate milk. The roots are used as a substitute for madder. -- <i>Cheese vat<i>, a vat or tub in which the curd is formed and cut or broken, in cheese making.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cheeselep</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Cheese"lep</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Keslop</er>.]</ety> <def>A bag in which rennet is kept.</def>

<h1>Cheesemonger</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Cheese"mon`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who deals incheese.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Cheeseparing</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Cheese"par`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thin portion of the rind of a cheese.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt>  <def>Scrimping; mean; <as>as, <ex>cheeseparing</ex> economy</as>.</def></def2>

<h1>Cheesiness</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Chees"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being cheesy.</def>

<h1>Cheesy</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Chees"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the nature, qualities, taste, form, consistency, or appearance of cheese.</def>

<h1>Cheetah</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Chee"tah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>ch\'c6t\'be</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of leopard (<spn>Cyn\'91lurus jubatus</spn>) tamed and used for hunting in India. The woolly cheetah of South Africa is <spn>C. laneus</spn>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chetah</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Chef</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Chef</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chief of head person.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The head cook of large establishment, as a club, a family, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Chief</er>.</def>

<h1>Chef-d'\'d2uvre</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Chef`-d'\'d2uvre"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chefs-d'\'d2uvre</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A masterpiece; a capital work in art, literature, etc.</def>

<h1>Chegoe, Chegre</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw><hw>Cheg"oe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cheg"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Chigoe</er>.</def>

<h1>Cheiloplasty</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Chei"lo*plas`ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a lip + <ets>-plasty</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The process of forming an artificial tip or part of a lip, by using for the purpose a piece of healthy tissue taken from some neighboring part.</def>

<h1>Cheilopoda</h1>
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<hw>Chei*lop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ch<?/lopoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Cheirepter</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Chei*rep"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Cheiroptera.</def>

<h1>Cheiroptera</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Chei*rop"te*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hand + <?/ wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of mammalia, including the bats, having four toes of each of the anterior limbs elongated and connected by a web, so that they can be used like wings in flying. See <er>Bat</er>.</def>

<h1>Cheiropterous</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Chei*rop"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Cheiroptera, or Bat family.</def>

<h1>Cheiropterygium</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Chei*rop`te*ryg"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cheiropterygia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hand + <?/; <?/ wing, fin.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The typical pentadactyloid limb of the higher vertebrates.</def>

<h1>Cheirosophy</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Chei*ros"o*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hand + <?/ knowledge.]</ety> <def>The art of reading character as it is delineated in the hand.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Chei*ros"o*phist</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>.</wordforms>

<h1>Cheirotherium</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Chei`ro*the"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hand + <?/ beast.]</ety> <fld>(Poleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of extinct animals, so named from fossil footprints rudely resembling impressions of the human hand, and believed to have been made by labyrinthodont reptiles. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Chekelatoun</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Chek`e*la*toun"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ciclatoun</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Chekmak</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Chek"mak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A turkish fabric of silk and cotton, with gold thread interwoven.</def>

<h1>Chela</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Che"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chel\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ claw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pincherlike claw of Crustacea and Arachnida.</def>

<h1>Chelate</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Che"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Cheliferous</er>.</def>

<h1>Chelerythrine</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Chel`e*ryth"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ celandine + <?/ red.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Am alkaloidal principle obtained from the celandine, and named from the red color of its salts, It is a coloriess crystalline substance, and acts as an acrid narcotic poison. It is identical with <i>sanguinarine</i>.</def>

<h1>Chelicera</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Che*lic"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.</plu> <plw>Chelicer\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ claw + <?/ horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the anterior pair of mouth organs, terminated by a pincherlike claw, in scorpions and allied Arachnida. They are homologous with the falcers of spiders, and probably with the mandibles of insects.</def>

<h1>Chelidon</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Chel"i*don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The hollow at the flexure of the arm.</def>

<h1>Chelidonic</h1>
<Xpage=245>

<hw>Chel`i*don"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Celandine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the celandine.</def>

<cs><col>Cheidonic acid</col>, <cd>a weak acid extracted fron the celandine (<spn>Chelidonium majus</spn>), as a white crystalline substance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chelidonius</h1>
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<hw>Chel`i*do"ni*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. (sc. <ets>lapillus</ets>.)]</ety> <def>A small stone taken from the gizzard of a young swallow. -- anciently worn as a medicinal charm.</def>

<h1>Chelifer</h1>
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<hw>Chel"i*fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ claw + <ets>-fer</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Book scorpion</cref>, under <er>Book</er>.</def>

<h1>Cheliferous</h1>
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<hw>Che*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ claw + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having cheliform claws, like a crab.</def>

<h1>Cheliform</h1>
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<hw>Chel"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ claw + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a movable joint or finger closing againts a preceding joint or a projecting part of it, so that the whole may be ised for grasping, as the claw of a crab; pincherlike.</def>

<h1>Chelone</h1>
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<hw>Che*lo"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a tortoise. So named from shape of the upper lip of the corolla.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of hardy perennial flowering plants, of the order <spn>Scrophulariacea\'91</spn>., natives of North America; -- called also <altname>snakehead</altname>, <altname>turtlehead</altname>, <altname>shellflower</altname>, etc.</def>

<h1>Chelonia</h1>
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<hw>Che*lo"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a tortoise.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of reptiles, including the tortoises and turtles, perculiar in having a part of the vertebr\'91, ribs, and sternum united with the dermal plates so as to form a firm shell. The jaws are covered by a horny beak. See <er>Reptilia</er>; also, <i>Illust</i>. in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Chelonian</h1>
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<hw>Che*lo"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to animals of the tortoise kind.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Chelonia.</def></def2>

<h1>Chelura</h1>
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<hw>Che*lu"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ claw + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine amphipod crustacea, which bore into and sometimes destroy timber.</def>

<h1>Chely</h1>
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<hw>Che"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A claw. See <er>Chela</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chemic</h1>
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<hw>Chem"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chenistry</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chemist; an alchemist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bleaching)</fld> <def>A solution of chloride of line.</def>

<h1>Chemic</h1>
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<hw>Chem"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Chemical.</def>

<i>Blackw. Mag.</i>

<h1>Chemical</h1>
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<hw>Chem"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to chemistry; characterized or produced by the forces and operations of chemistry; employed in the processes of chemistry; <as>as, <ex>chemical</ex> changes; <ex>chemical</ex> comnbinations.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Chemical attraction</col> &or; <col>affinity</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Attraction</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chemical</h1>
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<hw>Chem"ic*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A substance used for producing a chemical effect; a reagent.</def>

<h1>Chemically</h1>
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<hw>Chem"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to chemical principles; by chemical process or operation.</def>

<h1>Chemiglyphic</h1>
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<hw>Chem`i*glyph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chemical</ets> + <?/ to engrave.]</ety> <def>Engraved by a voltaic battary.</def>

<h1>Chemiloon</h1>
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<hw>Chem`i*loon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A garment for women, consisting of chemise and drawers united in one.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Chemise</h1>
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<hw>Che*mise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., shirt, fr. LL. <ets>camisa</ets>, <ets>camisia</ets>, shirt, thin dress; cf. G. <ets>hemd</ets>, or Olr. <ets>coimumse</ets> sort of garment. Cf. <er>Camis</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shift, or undergarment, worn by women.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wall that lines the face of a bank or earthwork.</def>

<h1>Chemisette</h1>
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<hw>Chem`i*sette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[F., dim. of <ets>chemise</ets>.]</ety> <def>An under-garment, worn by women, usually covering the neck, shoulders, and breast.</def>

<h1>Chemism</h1>
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<hw>Chem"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chimisme</ets>. See <er>Chemistry</er>.]</ety> <def>The force exerted between the atoms of elementary substance whereby they unite to form chemical compounds; chemical attaction; affinity; -- sometimes used as a general expression for chemical activity or relationship.</def>

<h1>Chemist</h1>
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<hw>Chem"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Shortened from <ets>alchemist</ets>; cf. F. <ets>chimiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person versed in chemistry or given to chemical investigation; an analyst; a maker or seller of chemicals or drugs.</def>

<h1>Chemistry</h1>
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<hw>Chem"is*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Chemist</er>. See <er>Alchemy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That branch of science which treats of the composition of substances, and of the changes which they undergo in consequence of alterations in the constitution of the molecules, which depend upon variations of the number, kind, or mode of arrangement, of the constituent atoms. These atoms are not assumed to be indivisible, but merely the finest grade of subdivision hitherto attained. Chemistry deals with the changes in the composition and constitution of molecules. See <er>Atom</er>, <er>Molecule</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; Historically, chemistry is an outgrowth of alchemy (or alchemistry), with which it was anciently identified.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An application of chemical theory and method to the consideration of some particular subject; <as>as, the <ex>chemistry</ex> of iron; the <ex>chemistry</ex> of indigo.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A treatise on chemistry.</def>

<note>&hand; This word and its derivatives were formerly written with <i>y</i>, and sometimes with i, instead of <i>e</i>, in the first syllable, <i>chymistry</i>, <i>chymist</i>, <i>chymical</i>, etc., or <i>chimistry</i>, <i>chimist</i>, <i>chimical</i>, etc.; and the pronunciation was conformed to the orthography.</note>

<cs><col>Inorganic chemistry</col>, <cd>that which treats of inorganic or mineral substances.</cd> -- <col>Organic chemistry</col>, <cd>that which treats of the substances which from the structure of organized beings and their products, whether animal or vegetable; -- called also <altname>chemistry of the carbon compounds</altname>.  There is no fundamental difference between organic and inorganic chemistry.</cd> -- <col>Physiological chemistry</col>, <cd>the chemistry of the organs and tissues of the body, and of the various physiological processes incident to life.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Practical chemistry</col>, or <col>Applied chemistry</col></mcol>, <cd>that which treats of the modes of manufacturing the products of chemistry that are useful in the arts, of their applications to economical purposes, and of the conditions essential to their best use.</cd> -- <col>Pure chemistry</col>, <cd>the consideration of the facts and theories of chemistry in their purely scientific relations, without necessary reference to their practical applications or mere utility.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chemitype</h1>
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<hw>Chem"i*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chemi</ets>cal + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Engraving)</fld> <def>One of a number of processes by which an impression from an engraved plate is obtained in relief, to be used for printing on an ordinary printing press.</def>

<h1>Chemolysis</h1>
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<hw>Che*mol"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chemi</ets>cal + Gr. <?/ a loosing.]</ety> <def>A term sometimes applied to the decomposition of organic substance into more simple bodies, by the use of chemical agents alone.</def>

<i>Thudichum.</i>

<h1>Chemosmosis</h1>
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<hw>Chem`os*mo"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chemi</ets>cal + <ets>osmosis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Chemical action taking place through an intervening membrane.</def>

<h1>Chemosmotic</h1>
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<hw>Chem`os*mot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or produced by, chemosmosis.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Chemung period</h1>
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<hw>Che*mung" pe"ri*od</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A subdivision in the upper part of the Devonian system in America, so named from the Chemung River, along which the rocks are well developed. It includes the Portage and Chemung groups or epochs. See the Diagram under <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Cheng</h1>
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<hw>Cheng</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Chinese.]</ety> <def>A chinese reed instrument, with tubes, blown by the mouth.</def>

<h1>Chenille</h1>
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<hw>Che*nille"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., prop., a caterpillar.]</ety> <def>Tufted cord, of silk or worsted, for the trimimg of ladies' dresses, for embroidery and fringes, and for the weft of chenille rugs.</def>

<h1>Chenomorph\'91</h1>
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<hw>Che`no*mor"ph\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ the wild goose + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of birds, including the swans, ducks, geese, flamingoes and screamers.</def>

<h1>Chepster</h1>
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<hw>Chep"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European starling.</def> <mark>[Local, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Cheque</h1>
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<hw>Cheque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Check</er>.</def>

<h1>Chequer</h1>
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<hw>Cheq"uer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Checker</er>.</def>

<h1>Chequing</h1>
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<hw>Che*quing"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coin. See <er>Sequin</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Chequy</h1>
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<hw>Cheq"uy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Checky</er>.</def>

<h1>Cherif</h1>
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<hw>Cher"if</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cherif</er>.</def>

<h1>Cherimoyer</h1>
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<hw>Cher`i*moy"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ch\'82rimolier</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small downy-leaved tree (<spn>Anona Cherimolia</spn>), with fragrant flowers. It is a native of Peru.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Its delicious fruit, which is succulent, dark purple, and similar to the custard apple of the West Indies.</def>

<h1>Cherish</h1>
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<hw>Cher"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cherished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cherising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ch\'82rir</ets>, fr. <ets>cher</ets> dear, fr. L. <ets>carus</ets>. See <er>Caress</er>, <er>Finish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To treat with tenderness and affection; to nurture with care; to protect and aid.</def>

<blockquote>We were gentle among you, even as a nurse <b>cherisheth</b> her children.
<i>1 Thess. ii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hold dear; to embrace with interest; to indulge; to encourage; to foster; to promote; <as>as, to <ex>cherish</ex> religious principle</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>cherish</b> virtue and humanity.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To nourish; foster; nurse; nurture; entertain; encourage; comfort; protect; support; See <er>Nurture</er>.</syn>

<h1>Cherisher</h1>
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<hw>Cher"ish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who cherishes.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>cherisher</b> of my flesh and blood.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cherishment</h1>
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<hw>Cher"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Encouragement; comfort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Rich bounty and dear <b>cherishment</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chermes</h1>
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<hw>Cher"mes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Kermes</er>.</def>

<h1>Cherogril</h1>
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<hw>Cher"o*gril</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>choerogryllus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ a yuong swine + <?/ a pig.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cony</er>.</def>

<h1>Cherokees</h1>
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<hw>Cher`o*kees"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <er>Cherokee</er></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>An Appalachian tribe of Indians, formerly inhabiting the region about the head waters of the Tennessee River. They are now mostly settled in the Indian Territory, and have become one of the most civilized of the Indian Tribes.</def>

<h1>Cheroot</h1>
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<hw>Che*root"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Tamil <ets>shuruttu</ets>, prop., a roll.]</ety> <def>A kind of cigar, originally brought from Mania, in the Philippine Islands; now often made of inferior or adulterated tabacco.</def>

<h1>Cherry</h1>
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<hw>Cher"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>chery</ets>, for <ets>cherys</ets>, fr. F. <ets>cerise</ets> (cf. AS. <ets>cyrs</ets> cherry), fr. LL. <ets>ceresia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cerasus</ets> Cherry tree, Gr. <?/, perh. fr. <?/ horn, from the hardness of the wood.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree or shrub of the genus <spn>Prunus</spn> (<i>Which also includes the plum</i>) <i>bearing a fleshy drupe with a bony stone</i>; <sd>(a)</sd> The common garden cherry (<spn>Prunus Cerasus</spn>), of which several hundred varieties are cultivated for the fruit, some of which are, the begarreau, blackheart, black Tartarian, oxheart, morelle or morello, May-duke (corrupted from M\'82doc in France). <sd>(b)</sd> The wild cherry; as, <spn>prunus serotina</spn> (wild black cherry), valued for its timber; <spn>P. Virginiana</spn> (choke cherry), an American shrub which bears astringent fruit; <spn>P. avium</spn> and <spn>P. Padus</spn>, European trees (bird cherry).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fruit of the cherry tree, a drupe of various colors and flavors.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The timber of the cherry tree, esp. of the black cherry, used in cabinetmaking, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A peculiar shade of red, like that of a cherry.</def>

<cs><col>Barbadoes cherry</col>. <cd>See under <er>Barbadoes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cherry bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American bird; the cedar bird; -- so called from its fondness for cherries.</cd> -- <col>Cherry bounce</col>, <cd>cherry brandy and sugar.</cd> -- <col>Cherry brandy</col>, <cd>brandy in which cherries have been steeped.</cd> -- <col>Cherry laurel</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an evergren shrub (<spn>Prunus Lauro-cerasus</spn>) common in shrubberies, the poisonous leaves of which have a flavor like that of bitter almonds.</cd> -- <col>Cherry pepper</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of <spn>Capsicum</spn> (<spn>C. cerasiforme</spn>), with small, scarlet, intensely piquant cherry-shaped fruit.</cd> -- <col>Cherry pit</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A child's play, in which cherries are thrown into a hole.</cd> <i>Shak</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A cherry stone.</cd> -- <col>Cherry rum</col>, <cd>rum in which cherries have been steeped. -- <col>Cherry sucker</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European spotted flycatcher (<spn>Musicapa grisola</spn>); -- called also <altname>cherry chopper</altname> <altname>cherry snipe</altname></cd>. <col>Cherry tree</col>, <cd>a tree that bears cherries.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Ground cherry</col>, <col>Winter cherry</col><mcol>, <cd>See <er>Alkekengi</er>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="246">
Page 246<p>

<h1>Cherry</h1>
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<hw>Cher"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a red cherry in color; ruddy; blooming; <as>as, a <ex>cherry</ex> lip; <ex>cherry</ex> cheeks.</as></def>

<h1>Chersonese</h1>
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<hw>Cher"so*nese</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ land + <?/ island.]</ety> <def>A peninsula; a tract of land nearly surrounded by water, but united to a larger tract by a neck of land or isthmus; <as>as, the <ex>Cimbric Chersonese</ex>, or Jutland; the <ex>Tauric Chersonese</ex>, or Crimea.</as></def>

<h1>Chert</h1>
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<hw>Chert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. <ets>ceart</ets> stone, perh. akin to E. <ets>crag</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An impure, massive, flintlike quartz or hornstone, of a dull color.</def>

<h1>Cherty</h1>
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<hw>Chert"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like chert; containing chert; flinty.</def>

<h1>Cherub</h1>
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<hw>Cher"ub</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cherubs</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>; but the Hebrew plural <plw>Cherubim</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> is also used.</plu> <ety>[Heb. <ets>ker\'d4b</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mysterious composite being, the winged footstool and chariot of the Almighty, described in <i>Ezekiel i. and x.</i></def>

<blockquote>I knew that they were the <b>cherubim</b>.
<i>Ezek. x. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He rode upon a <b>cherub</b> and did fly.
<i>Ps. xviii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A symbolical winged figure of unknown form used in connection with the mercy seat of the Jewish Ark and Temple.</def>

<i>Ez. xxv. 18.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of a order of angels, variously represented in art. In European painting the cherubim have been shown as blue, to denote knowledge, as distinguished from the seraphim (see <er>Seraph</er>), and in later art the children's heads with wings are generally called <i>cherubs</i>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A beautiful child; -- so called because artists have represented cherubs as beautiful children.</def>

<h1>Cherubic, Cherubical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Che*ru"bic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Che*ru"bic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to cherubs; angelic.</def> "The <i>cherubic</i> host."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Cherubim</h1>
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<hw>Cher"u*bim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Hebrew plural of <er>Cherub</er>.. Cf. <er>Seraphim</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Cherubims</i>, in the King James version of the bible, is an incorrect form, made by adding the English plural termination to the Hebrew plural <i>cherubim</i> instead of to the singular <i>cherub</i>.</note>

<h1>Cherubin</h1>
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<hw>Cher"u*bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cherubic; angelic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cherubin</h1>
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<hw>Cher"u*bin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cherub.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Cherup</h1>
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<hw>Cher"up</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>chirp</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make a short, shrill, cheerful sound; to chirp. See <er>Chirrup</er>.</def> "Cheruping birds."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Cherup</h1>
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<hw>Cher"up</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To excite or urge on by making a short, shrill, cheerful sound; to cherup to. See <er>Chirrup</er>.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>cherups</b> brisk ear-erecting steed.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cherup</h1>
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<hw>Cher"up</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A short, sharp, cheerful noise; a chirp; a chirrup; <as>as, the <ex>cherup</ex> of a cricket</as>.</def>

<h1>Chervil</h1>
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<hw>Cher"vil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cerfille</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caerefolium</ets>, <ets>chaerephyllum</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ to rejoice + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Anthriscus cerefolium</spn>) with pinnately divided aromatic leaves, of which several curled varieties are used in soups and salads.</def>

<h1>Ches</h1>
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<hw>Ches</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def>pret. of <er>Chese</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Chese</h1>
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<hw>Chese</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To choose</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Chesible</h1>
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<hw>Ches"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Chasuble</er>.</def>

<h1>Cheslip</h1>
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<hw>Ches"lip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wood louse.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Chess</h1>
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<hw>Chess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ches</ets>, F. <ets>\'82checs</ets>, prop. pl. of <ets>\'82chec</ets> check. See 1st <er>Check</er>.]</ety> <def>A game played on a chessboard, by two persons, with two differently colored sets of men, sixteen in each set. Each player has a king, a queen, two bishops, two knights, two castles or rooks, and eight pawns.</def>

<h1>Chess</h1>
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<hw>Chess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of brome grass (<spn>Bromus secalinus</spn>) which is a troublesome weed in wheat flelds, and is often erroneously regarded as degenerate or changed wheat; it bears a very slight resemblance to oats, and if reaped and ground up with wheat, so as to be used for food, is said to produce narcotic effects; -- called also <altname>cheat</altname> and <altname>Willard's bromus</altname>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<note>&hand; Other species of brome grass are called <i>upright chess</i>, <i>soft chess</i>, etc.</note>

<h1>Chess-apple</h1>
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<hw>Chess"-ap`ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The wild service of Europe (<spn>Purus torminalis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Chessboard</h1>
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<hw>Chess"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The board used in the game of chess, having eight rows of alternate light and dark squares, eight in each row. See <er>Checkerboard</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The chessboard and the checkerboard are alike.</note>

<h1>Chessel</h1>
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<hw>Ches"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The wooden mold in which cheese is pressed.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Chesses</h1>
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<hw>Chess"es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chassis</ets> a framework of carpenty.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The platforms, consisting of two or more planks doweled together, for the flooring of a temporary military bridge.</def>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<blockquote> A singular, <i>chess</i>, is sometimes used. "Each <i>chess</i> consists of three planks."
<i>Farrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chessil</h1>
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<hw>Ches"sil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>chesil</ets>, AS. <ets>ceosel</ets> gravel, sand.]</ety> <def>Gravel or pebbles.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Chessman</h1>
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<hw>Chess"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chessmen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>A piece used in the game of chess.</def>

<h1>Chessome</h1>
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<hw>Ches"some</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chisley</er>.]</ety> <def>Mwllow earth; mold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Chesstree</h1>
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<hw>Chess"tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F <ets>chassis</ets> a framework of carpentry.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of oak bolted perpendicularly on the side of a vessel, to aid in drawing down and securing the clew of the mainsail.</def>

<h1>Chessy copper</h1>
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<hw>Ches`sy" cop"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The mineral azurite, found in fine crystallization at <ets>Chessy</ets>, near Lyons; called also <altname>chessylite</altname>.</def>

<h1>Chest</h1>
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<hw>Chest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>chest</ets>, <ets>chist</ets>, AS. <ets>cest</ets>, <ets>cist</ets>, <ets>cyst</ets>, L. <ets>cista</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Cist</er>, <er>Cistern</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large box of wood, or other material, having, like a trunk, a lid, but no covering of skin, leather, or cloth.</def>

<blockquote>Heaps of money crowded in the <b>chest</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A coffin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He is now dead and mailed in his <b>cheste</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The part of the body inclosed by the ribs and breastbone; the thorax.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A case in which certain goods, as tea, opium, etc., are transported; hence, the quantity which such a case contains.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A tight receptacle or box, usually for holding gas, steam, liguids, etc.; <as>as, the steam <ex>chest</ex> of an engine; the wind <ex>chest</ex> of an organ.</as></def>

<cs><col>Bomb chest</col>, <cd>See under <er>Bomb</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chest of drawers</col>, <cd>a case or movable frame containing drawers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chest</h1>
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<hw>Chest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chested</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deposit in a chest; to hoard.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place in a coffin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He dieth and is <b>chested</b>.
<i>Gen. 1. 26 (heading).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chest</h1>
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<hw>Chest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ce\'a0st</ets>.]</ety> <def>Strife; contention; controversy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>P. Plowman.</i>

<h1>Chested</h1>
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<hw>Chest"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having (such) a chest; -- in composition; <as>as, broad-<ex>chested</ex>; narrow-<ex>chested</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Chesterlite</h1>
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<hw>Ches"ter*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>-lite</er>.]</ety> <def>A variety of feldspar found in crystals in the county of <ets>Chester</ets>, Pennsylvania.</def>

<h1>Chesteyn</h1>
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<hw>Ches"teyn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The chestnut tree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Wilwe, elm, plane, assch, box, <b>chesteyn</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chest founder</h1>
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<hw>Chest" foun`der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A rheumatic affection of the muscles of the breast and fore legs of a horse, affecting motion and respiration.</def>

<h1>Chestnut</h1>
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<hw>Chest"nut</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>chesten-nut</ets>; OE. <ets>chestein</ets>, <ets>chesten</ets>, <ets>chastein</ets>, chestnut, fr. AS. <ets>cisten</ets> in <ets>cistenbe\'a0m</ets> chestnut tree, influenced by OF. <ets>chastaigne</ets>, F. <ets>ch\'83taigne</ets>, both the AS. and the F. words coming from L. <ets>castanea</ets> a chestnut, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a city of Pontus, where chestnut trees grew in abundance, and whence they were introduced into Europe. Cf. <er>Castanets</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The edible nut of a forest tree (<spn>Castanea vesce</spn>) of Europe and America. Commonly two or more of the nuts grow in a prickly bur.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The tree itself, or its light, coarse-grained timber, used for ornamental work, furniture, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A bright brown color, like that of the nut.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The horse chestnut (often so used in England).</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>One of the round, or oval, horny plates on the inner sides of the legs of the horse, and allied animals.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An old joke or story.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<cs><col>Chestnut tree</col>, <cd>a tree that bears chestnuts.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chestnut</h1>
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<hw>Chest"nut</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining of a chestnut; of a reddish brown color; <as>as, <ex>chestnut</ex> curls</as>.</def>

<h1>Chetah</h1>
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<hw>Che"tah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cheetah</er>.</def>

<h1>Chetvert</h1>
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<hw>Chet"vert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>chetverte</ets>.]</ety> <def>A measure of grain equal to 0.7218 of an imperial quarter, or 5.95 Winchester bushels.</def> <mark>[Russia]</mark>

<h1>Chevachie</h1>
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<hw>Chev"a*chie`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Chivachie</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chevage</h1>
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<hw>Che"vage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Chiefage</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cheval</h1>
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<hw>Che*val"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chevaux</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. See <er>Cavalcade</er>.]</ety> <def>A horse; hence, a support or frame.</def>

<cs><col>Cheval glass</col>, <cd>a mirror swinging in a frame, and large enough to reflect the full leght figure.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cheval-de-frise</h1>
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<hw>Che*val"-de-frise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; commonly used in the <plu>pl. <plw>Chevaux-de-frise</plw></plu>. <ety>[F.; <ets>cheval</ets> horse + <ets>Frise</ets> Friesland, where it was first used.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A piece of timber or an iron barrel traversed with iron-pointed spikes or spears, five or six feet long, used to defend a passage, stop a breach, or impede the advance of cavalry, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Obstructions of chain, boom, and <i>cheval-de-frise</i>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chevalier</h1>
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<hw>Che`va*lier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>caballarius</ets>. See <er>Cavaller</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A horseman; a knight; a gallant young man.</def> "Mount, <i>chevaliers</i>; to arms."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of certain orders of knighthood.</def>

<cs><col>Chevalier d'industrie</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>one who lives by persevering fraud; a pickpocket; a sharper.</cd> -- <col>The Chevalier St. George</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>James Francis Edward Stuart (son of James II.), called "The Pretender."</cd> -- <col>The Young Chevalier</col>, <cd>Charles Edward Stuart, son of the Chevalier St. George.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chevaux</h1>
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<hw>Che*vaux"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Cheval</er>.</def>

<h1>Cheve</h1>
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<hw>Cheve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>chevir</ets>. See <er>Chievance</er>.]</ety> <def>To come to an issue; to turn out; to succed; <as>as, to <ex>cheve</ex> well in a enterprise</as>.</def> <mark>[Prov. or Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Chevelure</h1>
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<hw>Cheve*lure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., head of hair.]</ety> <def>A hairlike envelope.</def>

<blockquote>The nucleus and <b>chevelure</b> of nebulous star.
<i>Sir. W. Hershel.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cheven</h1>
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<hw>Chev"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chevanne</ets>. <ets>Cf</ets>. <er>Chavender</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A river fish; the chub.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Cheventein</h1>
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<hw>Chev"en*tein</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A variant of <er>Chieftain</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Cheveril</h1>
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<hw>Chev"er*il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>chevrel</ets>, F. <ets>chevreau</ets>, kid, dim. of <ets>chevre</ets> goat, fr. L. <ets>capra</ets>. See <er>Caper</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Soft leather made of kid skin. Fig.: Used as a symbol of flexibility.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Here's wit of <b>cheveril</b>, that stretches from an inch narrow to an ell broad.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cheveril</h1>
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<hw>Chev"er*il</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of cheveril; pliant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>cheveril</b> conscience and a searching wit.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cheverliize</h1>
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<hw>Chev"er*li*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make as pliable as kid leather.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Br. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Chevet</h1>
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<hw>Che*vet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., head of the bed, dim. fr. <ets>chef</ets> head. See <er>Chief</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The extreme end of the chancel or choir; properly the round or polygonal part.</def>

<h1>Cheviot</h1>
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<hw>Chev"i*ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A valuable breed of mountain sheep in Scotland, which takes its name from the Cheviot hills.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A woolen fabric, for men's clothing.</def>

<h1>Chevisance</h1>
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<hw>Chev"i*sance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of. <ets>chevisance</ets>, <ets>chevissance</ets>, fr. <ets>chevir</ets>come to an end, perform, fr. <ets>chef</ets> head, end, from L. <ets>caput</ets> head. See <er>Chieve</er>, <er>Chief</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Achievement; deed; performance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Fortune, the foe of famous <b>chevisance</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bargain; profit; gain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A making of contracts.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A bargain or contract; an agreement about a matter in dispute, such as a debt; a business compact.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An unlawful agreement or contract.</def>

<h1>Chevrette</h1>
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<hw>Chev*rette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>ch\'82vre</ets> goat, fr. L. <ets>capra</ets>. Cf. <er>Chevron</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A machine for raising guns or mortar into their carriages.</def>

<h1>Chevron</h1>
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<hw>Chev"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., rafter, chevron, from <ets>ch\'82vre</ets> goat, OF. <ets>chevre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>capra</ets> she-goat. See <er>Cheveril</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>One of the nine honorable ordinaries, consisting of two broad bands of the width of the bar, issuing, respectively from the dexter and sinister bases of the field and conjoined at its center.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A distinguishing mark, above the elow, on the sleeve of a noncommisioned officer's coat.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A zigzag molding, or group of moldings, common in Norman architecture.</def>

<cs><col>Chevron bones</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>The V-shaped subvertebral arches which inclose the caudal blood vessels in some animals.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chevroned</h1>
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<hw>Chev"roned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Having a chevron; decorated with an ornamental figure of a zigzag from.</def>

<blockquote>[A garment] whose nether parts, with their bases, were of watchet cloth of silver, <b>chevroned</b> all over with lace.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chevronel</h1>
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<hw>Chev"ron*el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing like a chevron, but of only half its width.</def>

<h1>Chevronwise</h1>
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<hw>Chev"ron*wise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>In the manner of a chevron; <as>as, the field may be divided <ex>chevronwise</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Chevrotain</h1>
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<hw>Chev`ro*tain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chevrotin</ets>, OF. <ets>chevrot</ets> little goat, roe, dim. of <ets>chevre</ets> goat. See <er>Chevron</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small ruminant of the family <i>Tragulid\'91</i> a allied to the musk deer. It inhabits Africa and the East Indies. See <er>Kanchil</er>.</def>

<h1>Chevy</h1>
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<hw>Chev"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Chivy</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>One poor fellow was <b>chevied</b> about among the casks in the storm for ten minutes.
<i>London Times.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chew</h1>
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<hw>Chew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chewed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chewing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[As <ets>ce\'a2wan</ets>, akin to D. <ets>kauwen</ets>, G. <ets>kauen</ets>. Cf. <er>Chaw</er>, <er>Jaw</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bite and grind with the teeth; to masticate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To ruminate mentally; to meditate on.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>chews</b> revenge, abjuring his offense.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To chew the cud</col>, <cd>to chew the food ocer again, as a cow; to ruminate; hence, to meditate.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Every beast the parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft into two claws, and <b>cheweth the cud</b> among the beasts, that ye shall eat.
<i>Deut. xxiv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chew</h1>
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<hw>Chew</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To perform the action of biting and grinding with the teeth; to ruminate; to meditate.</def>

<blockquote>old politicians <b>chew</b> wisdom past.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chew</h1>
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<hw>Chew</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is chewed; that which is held in the mouth at once; a cud.</def> <mark>[Law]</mark>

<h1>Chewer</h1>
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<hw>Chew"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who chews.</def>

<h1>Chewet</h1>
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<hw>Chew"et</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of meat pie.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chewink</h1>
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<hw>Che"wink</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An american bird (<spn>Pipilo erythrophthalmus</spn>) of the Finch family, so called from its note; -- called also <altname>towhee bunting</altname> and <altname>ground robin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cheyennes</h1>
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<hw>Chey*ennes"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>cheyenne</singw></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A warlike tribe of indians, related to the blackfeet, formerly inhabiting the region of Wyoming, but now mostly on reservations in the Indian Territory. They are noted for their horsemanship.</def>

<h1>Chian</h1>
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<hw>Chi"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>chius</ets>, fr. <ets>Chios</ets> the island Chios, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Chios, an island in the \'92gean Sea.</def>

<cs><col>Chian earth</col>, <cd>a dense, compact kind of earth, from Chios, used anciently as an astringent and a cosmetic.</cd> -- <col>Chian turpentine</col>, <cd>a fragrant, almost transparent turpentine, obtained from the <spn>Pistacia Terebinthus</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chiaroscurist</h1>
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<hw>Chi*a`ros*cu"rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A painter who cares for and studies light and shade rather than color.</def>

<h1>Chiaroscuro, Chiaro-oscuro</h1>
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<hw><hw>Chia`ro*scu"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chi*a"ro-os*cu"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., clear dark.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The arrangement of light and dark parts in a work of art, such as a drawing or painting, whether in monochrome or in color.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The art or practice of so arranging the light and dark parts as to produce a harmonious effect.</def> Cf. <er>Clair-obscur</er>.</def>

<h1>Chiasm, Chiasma</h1>
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<hw><hw>Chi"asm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chi*as"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>chiasma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ two lines placed crosswise, fr. <?/ to mark with a &chi;.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A commissure; especially, the optic commissure, or crucial union of the optic nerves.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Chi*as"mal</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>.

<h1>Chiasmus</h1>
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<hw>Chi*as"mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a placing crosswise, fr. <?/. See <er>Chiasm</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>An inversion of the order of words or phrases, when repeated or subsequently referred to in a sentence</def>; thus,

<blockquote>If e'er to bless thy sons
My <b>voice</b> or <b>hands</b> deny,
These <b>hands</b> let useful skill forsake,
This <b>voice</b> in silence die.
<i>Dwight.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="247">
Page 247<p>

<h1>Chiastolite</h1>
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<hw>Chi*as"to*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ marked with a &chi; + <ets>-lite</ets>. See <er>Chiasm</er>. So called from the resemblance of the cross cuts of is crystals to the Greek letter &chi;.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of andalusite; -- called also <altname>macle</altname>. The tesselated apperance of a cross section is due to the symmetrical arrangement of impurities in the crystal.</def>

<h1>Chibbal</h1>
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<hw>Chib"bal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cibol</er>.</def>

<h1>Chibouque, Chibouk</h1>
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<hw><hw>Chi*bouque"</hw>, <hw>Chi*bouk"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chibouque</ets>, fr.  Turk.]</ety> <def>A Turkish pipe, usually with a mouthpiece of amber, a stem, four or five feet long and not pliant, of some valuable wood, and a bowl of baked clay.</def>

<h1>Chic</h1>
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<hw>Chic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Good form; style.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<-- adj. in good form, stylish; in current fashion, fashionable. -->

<h1>Chica</h1>
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<hw>Chi"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A red coloring matter. extracted from the <spn>Bignonia Chica</spn>, used by some tribes of South American Indians to stain the skin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fermented liquor or beer made in South American from a decoction of maize.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A popular Moorish, Spanish, and South American dance, said to be the original of the fandango, etc.</def>

<h1>Chicane</h1>
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<hw>Chi*cane"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., prob. earlier meaning a <ets>dispute</ets>, orig. in the game of mall (F. <er>mail</er>), fr. LGr. <?/ the game of mall, fr Pers <ets>chaug\'ben</ets> club or bat; or possibly ultimated fr. L. <ets>ciccus</ets> a trible.]</ety> <def>The use of artful subterfuge, designed to draw away attention from the merits of a case or question; -- specifically applied to legal proceedings; trickery; chicanery; caviling; sophistry.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<blockquote>To shuffle from them by <b>chicane</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To cut short this, I propound it fairly to your own canscience.
<i>Berkeley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chicane</h1>
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<hw>Chi*cane"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chicaner</ets>. See <er>Chicane</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To use shifts, cavils, or artifices.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Chicaner</h1>
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<hw>Chi*can"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chicaneur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who uses chicanery.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Chicanery</h1>
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<hw>Chi*can"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chicanerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mean or unfair artifice to perplex a cause and obscure the truth; stratagem; sharp practice; sophistry.</def>

<blockquote>Irritated by perpetual <b>chicanery</b>.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Trickery; sophistry; stratagem.</syn>

<h1>Chicory</h1>
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<hw>Chi"co*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Chicory</er>.</def>

<h1>Chich</h1>
<Xpage=247>

<hw>Chich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chiches</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>chiche</ets>, <ets>pois chiche</ets>, a dwarf pea, from L. <ets>cicer</ets> the chick-pea.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The chick-pea.</def>

<h1>Chicha</h1>
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<hw>Chi"cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>See <er>Chica</er>.</def>

<h1>Chichevache</h1>
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<hw>Chiche"vache`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chiche</ets> lean + <ets>vache</ets> cow.]</ety> <def>A fabulous cow of enormous size, whose food was patient wives, and which was therefore in very lean condition.</def>

<h1>Chichling, Chichling vetch</h1>
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<hw><hw>Chich"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chich"ling vetch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chich</ets> + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leguminous plant (<spn>Lathyrus sativus</spn>), with broad flattened seeds which are sometimes used for food.</def>

<h1>Chick</h1>
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<hw>Chick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>chykkyn</ets>, <ets>chyke</ets>, <ets>chicken</ets>.]</ety> <def>To sprout, as seed in the ground; to vegetate. <i>Chalmers</i>.</def>

<h1>Chick</h1>
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<hw>Chick</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chicken.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A child or young person; -- a term of endearment.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Chickabiddy</h1>
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<hw>Chick"a*bid`dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chicken; a fowl; also, a trivial term of endearment for a child.</def>

<h1>Chickadee</h1>
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<hw>Chick"a*dee`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small bird, the blackcap titmouse (<spn>Parus atricapillus</spn>), of North America; -- named from its note.</def>

<h1>Chickaree</h1>
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<hw>Chick"a*ree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American red squirrel <fld>(Sciurus Hudsonius)</fld>; -- so called from its cry.</def>

<h1>Chickasaws</h1>
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<hw>Chick"a*saws</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Chickasaw</singw></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A trible of North American Indians (Southern Appalachian) allied to the Choctaws. They formerly occupied the northern part of Alabama and Mississippi, but now live in the Indian Territory.</def>

<h1>Chicken</h1>
<Xpage=247>

<hw>Chick"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cicen</ets>, <ets>cyceun</ets>, dim. of <ets>coc</ets> cock; akin to LG. <ets>kiken</ets>, <ets>k\'81ken</ets>, D. <ets>Kieken</ets>, <ets>kuiken</ets>, G. <ets>k\'81chkein</ets>. See <er>Cock</er> the animal.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A young bird or fowl, esp. a young barnyard fowl.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A young person; a child; esp. a young woman; a maiden.</def> "Stella is no <i>chicken</i>."

<i>Swift.</i>

<cs><col>Chicken cholera</col>, <cd>a contagious disease of fowls; -- so called because first studied during the prevalence of a cholera epidemic in France. It has no resemblance to true cholera.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chicken-breasted</h1>
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<hw>Chick"en-breast`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a narrow, projecting chest, caused by forward curvature of the vertebral column.</def>

<h1>Chicken-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Chick"en-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Timid; fearful; cowardly.</def>

<i>Bunyan.</i>

<h1>Chicken pox</h1>
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<hw>Chick"en pox"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A mild, eruptive disease, generally attacking children only; varicella.</def>

<h1>Chickling</h1>
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<hw>Chick"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chick</ets>+<ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small chick or chicken.</def>

<h1>Chick-pea</h1>
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<hw>Chick"-pea`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chich</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Small leguminous plant (<spn>Cicer arietinum</spn>) of Asia, Africa, and the sounth of Europe; the chick; the dwarf pea; the gram.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Its nutritious seed, used in cookery, and especially, when roasted (parched pulse), as food for travelers in the Eastern deserts.</def>

<h1>Chickweed</h1>
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<hw>Chick"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of several caryophyllaseous weeds, especially <i>Stellaria media</i>, the seeds and flower buds of which are a favorite food of small birds.</def>

<h1>Chicky</h1>
<Xpage=247>

<hw>Chick"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chicken; -- used as a diminutive or pet name, especially in calling fowls.</def>

<h1>Chicory</h1>
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<hw>Chic"o*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chicor\'82e</ets>, earlier also <ets>cichor\'82e</ets>, L. <ets>cichorium</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, <ets>Cf</ets>. <er>Succory</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A branching perennial plant (<spn>Cichorium Intybus</spn>) with bright blue flowers, growing wild in Europe, Asia, and America; also cultivated for its roots and as a salad plant; succory; wild endive. See <er>Endive</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The root, which is roasted for mixing with coffe.</def>

<h1>Chide</h1>
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<hw>Chide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Chid</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, or <er>Chode</er> <mark>(Obs.)</mark>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Chidden</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Chid</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chiding</er>.]</ety> <ety>[AS. <ets>c\'c6dan</ets>; of unknown origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rebuke; to reprove; to scold; to find fault with.</def>

<blockquote>Upbraided, <b>chid</b>, and rated at.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To be noise about; to chafe against.</def>

<blockquote>The sea that <b>chides</b> the banks of England.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To chide hither</col>, <col>chide from</col>, &or;  <col>chide away</col></mcol>, <cd>to cause to come, or to drive away, by scolding or reproof.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To blame; rebuke; reprove; scold; censure; reproach; reprehend; reprimand.</syn>

<h1>Chide</h1>
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<hw>Chide</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter words of disapprobation and displeasure; to find fault; to contend angrily.</def>

<blockquote>Wherefore the people did <b>chide</b> with Moses.
<i>Ex. xvii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a clamorous noise; to chafe.</def>

<blockquote>As doth a rock againts the <b>chiding</b> flood.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chide</h1>
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<hw>Chide</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>c\'c6d</ets>]</ety> <def>A continuous noise or murmur.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>chide</b> of streams.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chider</h1>
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<hw>Chid"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who chides or quarrels.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Chideress</h1>
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<hw>Chid"er*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>She who chides.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chidester</h1>
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<hw>Chide"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chide</ets> + <ets>-ster</ets>.]</ety> <def>A female scold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chidingly</h1>
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<hw>Chid"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a chiding or reproving manner.</def>

<h1>Chief</h1>
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<hw>Chief</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>chief</ets>, <ets>chef</ets>, OF. chief, F. <ets>chef</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caput</ets> head, possibly akin to E. <ets>head</ets>. Cf. <er>Captain</er>, <er>Chapter</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The head or leader of any body of men; a commander, as of an army; a head man, as of a tribe, clan, or family; a person in authority who directs the work of others; the pricipal actio or agent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The principal part; the most valuable portion.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>chief</b> of the things which should be utterly destroyed.1.
<i>Sam. xv. 21</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The upper third part of the field. It is supposed to be composed of the dexter, sinister, and middle chiefs.</def>

<cs><col>In chief</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> At the head; as, a commander <i>in chief<i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> From the king, or sovereign; as, tenure <i>in chief<i>, tenure directly from the king.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Chieftain; captain; general; commander; leader; head; principal; sachem; sagamore; sheik.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Chief</er>, <er>chieftain</er>, <er>Commander</er>, <er>Leader</er>. These words fluctuate somewhat in their meaning according to circumstances, but agree in the general idea of rule and authority. The term <i>chief</i> is now more usually applied to one who is a head man, leader, or commander in civil or military affairs, or holds a hereditary or acquired rank in a tribe or clan; as, the <i>chief</i> of police; the <i>chief</i> of an Indian tribe. A <i>chieftain</i> is the chief of a clan or tribe , or a military leader. A <i>commander</i> directs the movements of or has control over a body of men, as a military or naval force. A <i>leader</i> is one whom men follow, as in a political party, a legislative body, a military or scientific expedition, etc., one who takes the command and gives direction in particular enterprises.</usage>

<h1>Chief</h1>
<Xpage=247>

<hw>Chief</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Highest in office or rank; principal; head.</def> "<i>Chief</i> rulers."

<i>John. xii. 42.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Principal or most eminent in any quality or action; most distinguished; having most influence; taking the lead; most important; <as>as, the <ex>chief</ex> topic of conversation; the <ex>chief</ex> interest of man.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Very intimate, near, or close.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A whisperer separateth <b>chief</b> friends.
<i>Prov. xvi. 28.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Principal; head; leading; main; paramount; supreme; prime; vital; especial; great; grand; eminent; master.</syn>

<h1>Chiefage</h1>
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<hw>Chief"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>chevage</ets>, fr. <ets>chief</ets> head. See <er>Chief</er>.]</ety> <def>A tribute by the head; a capitation tax.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chevage</asp> and <asp>chivage</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chief baron</h1>
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<hw>Chief" bar"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The presiding judge of the court of exchequer.</def>

<h1>Chiefest</h1>
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<hw>Chief"est</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Superl. of <er>Chief</er>.]</ety> <def>First or foremost; chief; principal.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "Our <i>chiefest</i> courtier."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>chiefest</b> among ten thousand.
<i>Canticles v. 10.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chief hare</h1>
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<hw>Chief" hare`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small rodent (<spn>Lagamys princeps</spn>) inhabiting the summits of the Rocky Mountains; -- also called <altname>crying hare</altname>, <altname>calling hare</altname>, <altname>cony</altname>, <altname>American pika</altname>, and <altname>little chief hare</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; It is not a true hare or rabbit, but belongs to the curious family <spn>Lagomyid\'91</spn>.</note>

<h1>Chief justice</h1>
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<hw>Chief" jus"tice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The presiding justice, or principal judge, of a court.</def>

<cs><col>Lord Chief Justice of England</col>, <cd>The presiding judge of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice. The highest judicial officer of the realm is the Lord High Chancellor.</cd> -- <col>Chief Justice of the United States</col>, <cd>the presiding judge of the Supreme Court, and Highest judicial officer of the republic.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chief-justiceship</h1>
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<hw>Chief"-jus"tice*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of chief justice.</def>

<blockquote>Jay selected the <b>chief-justiceship</b> as most in accordance with his tastes.
<i>The Century.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chiefless</h1>
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<hw>Chief"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a chief or leader.</def>

<h1>Chiefly</h1>
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<hw>Chief"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the first place; principally; pre\'89minently; above; especially.</def>

<blockquote>Search through this garden; leave unsearched no nook;
But <b>chiefly</b> where those two fair creatures lodge.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>For the most part; mostly.</def>

<blockquote>Those parts of the kingdom where the . . . estates of the dissenters <b>chiefly</b> lay.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chiefrie</h1>
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<hw>Chief"rie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small rent paid to the lord paramount.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Chieftain</h1>
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<hw>Chief"tain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cheftayn</ets>, <ets>chevetayn</ets>, OF. <ets>chevetain</ets>, F. <ets>capitaine</ets>, LL. <ets>capitanus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caput</ets> head. Cf. <er>Captain</er>, and see <er>chief</er>.]</ety> <def>A captain, leader, or commander; a chief; the head of a troop, army, or clan.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Chief; commander; leader; head. See <er>Chief</er>.</syn>

<h1>Chieftaincy, Chieftainship</h1>
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<hw><hw>Chief"tain*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chief"tain*ship</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The rank, dignity, or office of a chieftain.</def>

<h1>Chierte</h1>
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<hw>Chier"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>chert\'82</ets>. See <er>Charity</er>.]</ety> <def>Love; tender regard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Chievance</h1>
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<hw>Chiev"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>chevance</ets> property, equiv. To <ets>chevisance</ets>, fr. <ets>chevir</ets> to accomplish. See <er>Chevisance</er>.]</ety> <def>An unlawful bargain; traffic in which money is exported as discount.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Chieve</h1>
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<hw>Chieve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Cheve</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chiff-chaff</h1>
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<hw>Chiff"-chaff</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from its note.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of European warbler (<spn>Sylvia hippolais</spn>); -- called also <altname>chip-chap</altname>, and <altname>pettychaps</altname>.</def>

<h1>Chiffonier, fem. Chiffo-ni\'8are</h1>
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<hw><hw>Chif`fo*nier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>fem.</tt> <hw>Chif`fo</hw>-<hw>ni\'8are"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chiffonnier</ets>, fem. <ets>chiffonni\'8are</ets>, fr. <ets>chiffon</ets> rag, fr. <ets>chiffe</ets> a rag, fimsy cloth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who gathers rags and odds and ends; a ragpicker.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A receptacle for rags or shreds.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A movable and ornamental closet or piece of furniture with shelves or drawers.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Chignon</h1>
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<hw>Chi"gnon</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., prop. equiv. to <ets>cha\'8cnon</ets> link, fr. <ets>cha\'8cne</ets> chain, fr. L. <ets>catena</ets> Cf. <er>Chain</er>.]</ety> <def>A knot, boss, or mass of hair, natural or artificial, worn by a woman at the back of the head.</def>

<blockquote>A curl that had strayed from her <b>chignon</b>.
<i>H. James.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chigoe, Chigre</h1>
<Xpage=247>

<hw><hw>Chig"oe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chig"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chigue</ets>, perh. fr. Catalan <ets>chic</ets> small, Sp. <ets>chico</ets>; or of Peruvian origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of flea (<spn>Pulex penetrans</spn>), common in the West Indies and South America, which often attacks the feet or any exposed part of the human body, and burrowing beneath the skin produces great irritation. When the female is allowed to remain and breed, troublesome sores result, which are sometimes dangerous. See <er>Jigger</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chegre</asp>, <asp>chegoe</asp>, <asp>chique</asp>, <asp>chigger</asp>, <asp>jigger</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; The name is sometimes erroneously given to certain mites or ticks having similar habits.</note>

<h1>Chikara</h1>
<Xpage=247>

<hw>Chi*ka"ra</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The Ingoat antelope (<spn>Tragops Bennettii</spn>) Of India.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The Indian four-horned antelope (<spn>Tetraceros quadricornis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Chilblain</h1>
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<hw>Chil"blain`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chill</ets> + <ets>Blain</ets>.]</ety> <def>A blain, sore, or inflammatory swelling, produced by exposure of the feet or hands to cold, and attended by itching, pain, and sometimes ulceration.</def>

<h1>Chilblain</h1>
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<hw>Chil"blain`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To produce chilblains upon.</def>

<h1>Child</h1>
<Xpage=247>

<hw>Child</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Children</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[AS. <ets>cild</ets>, pl. <ets>cildru</ets>; cf. Goth. <ets>kil\'edei</ets> womb, <ets>in-kil\'ed\'d3</ets> with child.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A son or a daughter; a male or female descendant, in the first degree; the immediate progeny of human parents; -- in <i>law</i>, legitimate offspring. Used also of animals and plants.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A descendant, however remote; -- used esp. in the plural; <as>as, the <ex>children</ex> of Israel; the <ex>children</ex> of Edom.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who, by character of practice, shows signs of relationship to, or of the influence of, another; one closely connected with a place, occupation, character, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>child</ex> of God; a <ex>child</ex> of the devil; a <ex>child</ex> of disobedience; a <ex>child</ex> of toil; a <ex>child</ex> of the people.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A noble youth. See <er>Childe</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A young person of either sex. esp. one between infancy and youth; hence, one who exhibits the characteristics of a very young person, as innocence, obedience, trustfulness, limited understanding, etc.</def>

<blockquote>When I was <b>child</b>. I spake as a <b>child</b>, I understood as a <b>child</b>, I thought as a <b>child</b>; but when I became a man, I put away childish things.
<i>1. Cor.  xii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A female infant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A boy or a <b>child</b>, I wonder?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To be with child</col>, <cd>to be pregnant.</cd> -- <col>Child's play</col>, <cd>light work; a trifling contest.</cd></cs>

<h1>Child</h1>
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<hw>Child</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Childed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Childing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To give birth; to produce young.</def>

<blockquote>This queen Genissa <b>childing</b> died.
<i>Warner.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It chanced within two days they <b>childed</b> both.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Childbearing</h1>
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<hw>Child"bear`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of producing or bringing forth children; parturition.</def>

<i>Milton. Addison.</i>

<h1>Childbed</h1>
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<hw>Child"bed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of a woman bringing forth a child, or being in labor; parturition.</def>

<h1>Childbirth</h1>
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<hw>Child"birth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of bringing forth a child; travail; labor.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Childcrowing</h1>
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<hw>Child"crow`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The crowing noise made by children affected with spasm of the laryngeal muscles; false croup.</def>

<h1>Childe</h1>
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<hw>Childe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cognomen formerly prefixed to his name by the oldest son, until he succeeded to his ancestral titles, or was knighted; <as>as, <ex>Childe</ex> Roland</as>.</def>

<h1>Childed</h1>
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<hw>Child"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with a child.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Childermas day</h1>
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<hw>Chil"dermas day`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[AS. <ets>cildam\'91sse-d\'91g</ets>; <ets>cild</ets> child  +<ets>d\'91g</ets> day.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A day (December 28) observed by mass or festival in commemoration of the children slain by Herod at Bethlehem; -- called also <altname>Holy Innocent's Day</altname>.</def>

<hr>
<page="248">
Page 248<p>

<h1>Childhood</h1>
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<hw>Child"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cildh\'bed</ets>; <ets>cild</ets> child + <ets>-h\'bed</ets>. See <er>Child</er>, and <er>hood</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being a child; the time in which persons are children; the condition or time from infancy to puberty.</def>

<blockquote>I have walked before you from my <b>childhood</b>.
<i>1. Sam. xii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Children, taken collectively.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The well-governed <b>childhood</b> of this realm.
<i>Sir. W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The commencement; the first period.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>childhood</b> of our joy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Second childhood</col>, <cd>the state of being feeble and incapable from old age.</cd></cs>

<h1>Childing</h1>
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<hw>Child"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Child</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Bearing Children; <mark>(Fig.)</mark> productive; fruitful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Childish</h1>
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<hw>Child"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of, pertaining to, befitting, or resembling, a child.</def> "<i>Childish</i> innocence."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Peurile; trifling; weak.</def>

<blockquote>Methinks that simplicity in her countenance is rather <b>childish</b> than innocent.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Childish</i>, as applied tc persons who are grown up, is in a disparaging sense; as, a <i>childish</i> temper.</note>

<h1>Childishly</h1>
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<hw>Child"ish*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a child; in a trifling way; in a weak or foolish manner.</def>

<h1>Childishness</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Child"ish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being childish; simplicity; harmlessness; weakness of intellect.</def>

<h1>Childlessness</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Child"less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being childless.</def>

<h1>Childlike</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Child"like</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a child, or that which belongs to children; becoming a child; meek; submissive; dutiful.</def> "<i>Childlike</i> obedience."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Childlike</i>, as applied to persons grown up, is commonly in a good sense; as, <i>childlike</i> grace or simplicity; <i>childlike</i> modesty.</note>

<h1>Childly</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Child"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having tthe character of a child; belonging, or appropriate, to a child.</def>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Childly</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Child"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Like a child.</def>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Childness</h1>
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<hw>Child"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The manner characteristic of a child.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Varying <i>childness</i>."
<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Children</h1>
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<hw>Chil"dren</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <def><tt>pl.<tt> of <er>Child</er>.</def>

<h1>Childship</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Child"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or relation of being a child.</def>

<h1>Chili</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chil"i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>chili</ets>, <ets>chile</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of red pepper. See <er>Capsicum</er></def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chilli</asp> and <asp>chile</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Chiliad</h1>
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<hw>Chil"i*ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ a thousand.]</ety> <def>A thousand; the aggregate of a thousand things; especially, a period of a thousand years.</def>

<blockquote>The world, then in the seventh <b>chiliad</b>, will be assumed up unto God.
<i>Sir. T. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chiliagon</h1>
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<hw>Chil"i*a*gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ a thousand + <?/ angle.]</ety> <def>A plane figure of a thousand angles and sides.</def>

<i>Barlow.</i>

<h1>Chiliahedron</h1>
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<hw>Chil"i*a*hedron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a thousand + <?/ base, fr. <?/ to sit.]</ety> <def>A figure bounded by a thousand plane surfaces</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>chilia\'89dron</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Chilian</h1>
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<hw>Chil"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Chili.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native or citizen of Chili.</def></def2>

<h1>Chilian, Chiliarch</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw><hw>Chil"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chil"i*arch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ a thousand + <?/ leader, <?/ to lead.]</ety> <def>The commander or chief of a thousand men.</def>

<h1>Chiliarchy</h1>
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<hw>Chil"i*arch`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A body consisting of a thousand men.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Chiliasm</h1>
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<hw>Chil"i*asm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/. See Chiliad.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The millennium.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The doctrine of the personal reign of Christ on earth during the millennium.</def>

<h1>Chiliast</h1>
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<hw>Chil"i*ast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Chiliasm</er>.]</ety> <def>One who believes in the second coming of Christ to reign on earth a thousand years; a milllenarian.</def>

<h1>Chiliastic</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chili*astic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Millenarian.</def> "The obstruction offered by the <i>chiliastic</i> errors."

<i>J. A. Alexander.</i>

<h1>Chill</h1>
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<hw>Chill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cele</ets>, <ets>cyle</ets>, from the same root as <ets>celan</ets>, <ets>calan</ets>, to be cold; akin to D. <ets>kil</ets> cold, coldness, Sw. <ets>kyla</ets> to chill, and E. <ets>cool</ets>. See <er>Cold</er>, and cf. <er>Cool</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A moderate but disagreeable degree of cold; a disagreeable sensation of coolness, accompanied with shivering.</def> "[A] wintry <i>chill</i>."
<i>W. Irving.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A sensation of cold with convulsive shaking of the body, pinched face, pale skin, and blue lips, caused by undue cooling of the body or by nervous excitement, or forming the precursor of some constitutional disturbance, as of a fever.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A check to enthusiasm or warmth of feeling; discouragement; <as>as, a <ex>chill</ex> comes over an assemblly</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An iron mold or portion of a mold, serving to cool rapidly, and so to harden, the surface of molten iron brought in contact with it.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The hardened part of a casting, as the tread of a car wheel.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<cs><col>Chill and fever</col>, <cd>fever and ague.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chill</h1>
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<hw>Chill</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Moderately cold; tending to cause shivering; chilly; raw.</def>

<blockquote>Noisome winds, and blasting vapors <b>chill</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affected by cold.</def> "My veins are <i>chill</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Characterized by coolness of manner, feeling, etc.; lacking enthusiasm or warmth; formal; distant; <as>as, a <ex>chill</ex> reception</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Discouraging; depressing; dispiriting.</def>

<h1>Chill</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chill</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chilled</er> <tt>(ch\'ccld)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chilling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike with a chill; to make chilly; to cause to shiver; to affect with cold.</def>

<blockquote>When winter <b>chilled</b> the day.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To check enthusiasm or warmth of feeling of; to depress; to discourage.</def>

<blockquote>Every thought on God <b>chills</b> the gayety of his spirits.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>To produce, by sudden cooling, a change of crystallization at or near the surface of, so as to increase the hardness; said of cast iron.</def>

<h1>Chill</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chill</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>To become surface-hardened by sudden cooling while solidifying; <as>as, some kinds of cast iron <ex>chill</ex> to a greater depth than others</as>.</def>

<h1>Chilled</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chilled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hardened on the surface or edge by chilling; <as>as, <ex>chilled</ex> iron; a <ex>chilled</ex> wheel.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Having that cloudiness or dimness of surface that is called "<i>blooming</i>."</def>

<h1>Chilli</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chil"li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Chili</er>.</def>

<h1>Chilliness</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chill"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A state or sensation of being chilly; a disagreeable sensation of coldness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A moderate degree of coldness; disagreeable coldness or rawness; <as>as, the <ex>chilliness</ex> of the air</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Formality; lack of warmth.</def>

<h1>Chilling</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chill"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making chilly or cold; depressing; discouraging; cold; distant; <as>as, a <ex>chilling</ex> breeze; a <ex>chilling</ex> manner.</as></def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Chill"ing"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Chillness</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chill"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Coolness; coldness; a chill.</def>

<blockquote>Death is the <b>chillness</b> that precedes the dawn.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chilly</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chill"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Moderately cold; cold and raw or damp so as to cause shivering; causing or feeling a disagreeable sensation of cold, or a shivering.</def>

<h1>Chilognath</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chi"log*nath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A myriapod of the order Chilognatha.</def>

<h1>Chilognatha</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chi*log"na*tha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ lip + <?/ Jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the two principal orders of myriapods. They have numerous segments, each bearing two pairs of small, slender legs, which are attached ventrallly, near together.</def>

<h1>Chiloma</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chi*lo"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ lip, fr. <?/ lip. See <er>-oma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The tumid upper lip of certain mammals, as of a camel.</def>

<h1>Chilopod</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chi"lo*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A myriapod of the order Chilopoda.</def>

<h1>Chilopoda</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chi*lop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ lip + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the orders of myriapods, including the centipeds. They have a single pair of elongated legs attached laterally to each segment; well developed jaws; and a pair of thoracic legs converted into poison fangs. They are insectivorous, very active, and some species grow to the length of a foot.</def>

<h1>Chilostoma, Chilostomata</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw><hw>Chi*los"to*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chi*lo*stom"a*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/, <?/, outh.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive suborder of marine Bryozoa, mostly with calcareous shells. They have a movable lip and a lid to close the aperture of the cells.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>Chillostomata</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Chilostomatous</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chi`lo*stoma*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Chilostoma.</def>

<h1>Chiltern Hundreds</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chiltern Hundreds</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[<ets>AS</ets>. <ets>Chiltern</ets> the Chiltern, high hills in Buckinghamshire, perh. Fr. <ets>ceald</ets> cold + <ets>ern</ets>, <ets>\'91rn</ets>, place.]</ety> <def>A tract of crown land in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, England, to which is attached the nominal office of steward. As members of Parliament cannot resign, when they wish to go out they accept this stewardship, which legally vacates their seats.</def>

<h1>Chim\'91ra</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chi*m\'91"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Chimera</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cartilaginous fish of several species, belonging to the order Holocephali. The teeth are few and large. The head is furnished with appendages, and the tail terminates in a point.</def>

<h1>Chim\'91roid</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chi*m\'91"roid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chim\'91ra</ets> + <ets>old</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Related to, or like, the chim\'91ra.</def>

<h1>Chimango</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chi*man"go</hw> <ety>[Native name]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A south American carrion buzzard (<spn>Milvago chimango</spn>). See <er>Caracara</er>.</def>

<h1>Chimb</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chimb</hw> <tt>(ch\'c6m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cim</ets>, in <ets>cimst\'ben</ets> base of a pillar; akin to D. <ets>kim</ets>, f. Sw. <ets>kim</ets>., G. <ets>kimme</ets> f.]</ety> <def>The edge of a cask, etc; a chine. See <er>Chine</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hime</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Chimb</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chimb</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>Chime.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Chime</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chime</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chimb</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Chine</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Chime</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chime</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>chimbe</ets>, prop., cymbal, OF. <ets>cymbe</ets>, <ets>cymble</ets>, in a dialectic form, <ets>chymble</ets>, F. <ets>cymbale</ets>, L. <ets>cymbalum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Cymbal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The harmonious sound of bells, or of musical instruments.</def>

<blockquote>Instruments that made melodius <b>chime</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A set of bells musically tuned to each other; specif., in the <pluf>pl.</pluf>, the music performed on such a set of bells by hand, or produced by mechanism to accompany the striking of the hours or their divisions.</def>

<blockquote>We have heard the <b>chimes</b> at midnight.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pleasing correspondence of proportion, relation, or sound.</def> "<i>Chimes</i> of verse."

<i>Cowley.</i>

<h1>Chime</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chime</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chimed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chiming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Chime</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sound in harmonious accord, as bells.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be in harmony; to agree; to sut; to harmonize; to correspond; to fall in with.</def>

<blockquote>Everything <b>chimed</b> in with such a humor.
<i>W. irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To join in a conversation; to express assent; -- followed by <i>in</i> or <i>in with</i>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make a rude correspondence of sounds; to jingle, as in rhyming.</def>

<i>Cowley</i>

<h1>Chime</h1>
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<hw>Chime</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to sound in harmony; to play a tune, as upon a set of bells; to move or strike in harmony.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>chime</b> their sounding hammers.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To utter harmoniously; to recite rhythmically.</def>

<blockquote><b>Chime</b> his childish verse.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chimer</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chim"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who chimes.</def>

<h1>Chimera</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chime"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chimeras</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>chimaera</ets> a chimera (in sense 1), Gr. <?/ a she-goat, a chimera, fr. <?/ he-goat; cf. Icel. <ets>qymbr</ets> a yearling ewe.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A monster represented as vomiting flames, and as having the head of a lion, the body of a goat, and the tail of a dragon.</def> "Dire <i>chimeras</i> and enchanted isles."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vain, foolish, or incongruous fancy, or creature of the imagination; <as>as, the <ex>chimera</ex> of an author</as>.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Chimere</h1>
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<hw>Chi*mere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>chamarre</ets>., F. <ets>simarre</ets> (cf. It. <ets>zimarra</ets>), fr. Sp. <ets>chamarra</ets>, <ets>zamarra</ets>, a coat made of sheepskins, a sheepskin, perh. from Ar. <ets>samm\'d4r</ets> the Scythian weasel or marten, the sable. Cf. <er>Simarre</er>.]</ety> <def>The upper robe worn by a bishop, to which lawn sleeves are usually attached.</def>

<i>Hook.</i>

<h1>Chimeric</h1>
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<hw>Chi*mer"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Chimerical.</def>

<h1>Chimerical</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chi*mer"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Merely imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wildly or vainly conceived; having, or capable of having, no existence except in thought; <as>as, <ex>chimerical</ex> projects</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wild; unfounded; vain; deceitful; delusive.</syn>

<h1>Chimerically</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chi*mer"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Wildy; vainly; fancifully.</def>

<h1>Chiminage</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chim"i*nage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cheminage</ets>, fr. <ets>chemin</ets> way, road.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>A toll for passage through a forest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Chimney</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chim"ney</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chimneys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>chemin\'82e</ets>, LL. <ets>caminata</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caminus</ets> furnace, fireplace, Gr. <?/ furnace, oven.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fireplace or hearth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That part of a building which contains the smoke flues; esp. an upright tube or flue of brick or stone, in most cases extending through or above the roof of the building. Often used instead of <i>chimney shaft</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Hard by a cottage <b>chimney</b> smokes.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A tube usually of glass, placed around a flame, as of a lamp, to create a draft, and promote combustion.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A body of ore, usually of elongated form, extending downward in a vein.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<cs><col>Chimney board</col>, <cd>a board or screen used to close a fireplace; a fireboard.</cd> -- <col>Chimney cap</col>, <cd>a device to improve the draught of a chimney, by presenting an exit aperture always to leeward.</cd> -- <col>Chimney corner</col>, <cd>the space between the sides of the fireplace and the fire; hence, the fireside.</cd> -- <col>Chimney hook</col>, <cd>a hook for holding pats and kettles over a fire,</cd> -- <col>Chimney money</col>, <cd>hearth money, a duty formerly paid in England for each chimney.</cd> -- <col>Chimney pot</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a cylinder of earthenware or sheet metal placed at the top of a chimney which rises above the roof.</cd> -- <col>Chimney swallow</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd><sd>(a)</sd> An American swift (<spn>Ch\'91ture pelasgica</spn>) which lives in chimneys. <sd>(b)</sd> In England, the common swallow (<spn>Hirundo rustica</spn>).</cd> -- <mcol><col>Chimney sweep</col>, <col>Chimney sweeper</col></mcol>, <cd>one who cleans chimneys of soot; esp. a boy who climbs the flue, and brushes off the soot.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chimney-breast</h1>
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<hw>Chim"ney-breast`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The horizontal projection of a chimney from the wall in which it is built; -- commonly applied to its projection in the inside of a building only.</def>

<h1>Chimney-piece</h1>
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<hw>Chim"ney-piece`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A decorative construction around the opning of a fireplace.</def>

<h1>Chimpanzee</h1>
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<hw>Chim*pan"zee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native name: cf. F. <ets>chimpanz\'82</ets>, <ets>chimpans\'82</ets>, <ets>chimpanz\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An african ape (<spn>Anthropithecus troglodytes</spn> <--, Pan troglodytes-->or <spn>Troglodytes niger</spn>) which approaches more nearly to man, in most respects, than any other ape. When full grown, it is from three to four feet high.</def>

<h1>Chin</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cin</ets>, akin to OS. <ets>kin</ets>, G <ets>kinn</ets>, Icel. <ets>kinn</ets>, cheek, Dan. & Sw. <ets>kind</ets>, L. <er>gena</er>, Gr. <?/; cf. Skr. <ets>hanu</ets>.  \'fb232.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The lower extremity of the face below the mouth; the point of the under jaw.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The exterior or under surface embraced between the branches of the lower jaw bone, in birds.</def>

<h1>China</h1>
<Xpage=248>

<hw>Chi"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A country in Eastern Asia.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>China ware, which is the modern popular term for porcelain. See <er>Porcelain</er>.</def>

<cs><col>China aster</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a well-known garden flower and plant. See <er>Aster</er>.</cd> -- <col>China bean</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bean</er>, 1.</cd> -- <col>China clay</col> <cd>See <er>Kaolin</er>.</cd> -- <col>China grass</col>, <cd>Same as <er>Ramie</er>.</cd> -- <col>China ink</col>. <cd>See <er>India ink</er>.</cd> -- <col>China pink</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an anual or biennial species of <spn>Dianthus</spn> (<spn>D. Chiensis</spn>) having variously colored single or double flowers; Indian pink.</cd> -- <col>China root</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the rootstock of a species of <spn>Smilax</spn> (<spn>S. China</spn>, from the East Indies; -- formerly much esteemed for the purposes that sarsaparilla is now used for. Also the galanga root (from <spn>Alpinia Gallanga</spn> and <spn>Alpinia officinarum</spn>). -- <col>China rose</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A popular name for several free-blooming varieties of rose derived from the <i>Rosa Indica<i>, and perhaps other species.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A flowering hothouse plant (<spn>Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis</spn>) of the Mallow family, common in the gardens of China and the east Indies.</cd> -- <col>China shop</col>, <cd>a shop or store for the sale of China ware or of crockery.</cd> -- <col>China ware</col>, <cd>porcelain; -- so called in the 17th century because brought from the far East, and differing from the pottery made in Europa at that time; also, loosely, crockery in general.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Pride of China</col>, <col>China tree</col></mcol>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Azedarach</er>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="249">
Page 249<p>

<h1>Chinaldine</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chin*al"dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>chinium</ets> quinine + <ets>aldehyde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Quinaldine</er>.</def>

<h1>Chinaman</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi"na*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chinamen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A native of China; a Chinese.</def>

<h1>Chincapin</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chin"ca*pin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Chinquapin</er>.</def>

<h1>Chinch</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chinch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>chinche</ets>, fr. L. <er>cimex</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bedbug (<spn>Cimex lectularius</spn>).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bug (<spn>Blissus leucopterus</spn>), which, in the United States, is very destructive to grass, wheat, and other grains; -- also called <altname>chiniz</altname>, <altname>chinch bug</altname>, <altname>chink bug</altname>. It resembles the bedbug in its disgusting odor.</def>

<h1>Chincha</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chin"cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chinchilla</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A south American rodent of the genus <spn>Lagotis</spn>.</def>

<h1>Chinche</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chinche</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chiche</ets> miserly.]</ety> <def>Parsimonious; niggardly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Chincherie</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chinch"er*ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Penuriousness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>By cause of his skarsete and <b>chincherie</b>.
<i>Caucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chinchilla</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chin*chil"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small rodent (<spn>Chinchilla lanigera</spn>), of the size of a large squirrel, remarkable for its fine fur, which is very soft and of a pearly gray color. It is a native of Peru and Chili.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fur of the chinchilla.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A heavy, longnapped, tufted woolen cloth.</def>

<h1>Chinchona, Chincona</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw><hw>Chin*cho"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chin*co"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw><def>See <er>Cinchona</er>.</def>

<h1>Chin cough</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chin" cough"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[For <ets>chink cough</ets>; cf. As. <ets>cincung</ets> long laughter, Scot. <ets>kink</ets> a violent fit of coughing, akin to MHG. <ets>k\'c6chen</ets> to pant. Cf. <er>Kinknaust</er>, <er>Cough</er>.]</ety> <def>Whooping cough.</def>

<h1>Chine</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chink</er>.]</ety> <def>A chink or cleft; a narrow and deep ravine; <as>as, Shanklin <ex>Chine</def></ex> in the Isle of Wight, a quarter of a mile long and 230 feet deep</as>. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> "The cottage in a <i>chine</i>."

<i>J. Ingelow.</i>

<h1>Chine</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[OF. <ets>eschine</ets>, F. <ets>\'82chine</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>skina</ets> needle, prickle, shin, G. <ets>schiene</ets> splint, <ets>schienbein</ets> shin. For the meaning cf. L. <ets>spina</ets> thorn, prickle, or spine, the backbone. Cf. <er>Shin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The backbone or spine of an animal; the back.</def> "And <i>chine</i> with rising bristles roughly spread."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of the backbone of an animal, with the adjoining parts, cut for cooking. <note>[See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Beef</er>.]</note></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The edge or rim of a cask, etc., formed by the projecting ends of the staves; the chamfered end of a stave.</def>

<h1>Chine</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chine</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut through the backbone of; to cut into chine pieces.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Too chamfer the ends of a stave and form the chine..</def>

<h1>Chined</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chined</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or having, a chine, or backbone; -- used in composition.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Broken in the back.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He's <b>chined</b>, goodman.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chinese</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi"nese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to China; peculiar to China.

<cs><col>Chinese paper</col>. <cd>See <cref>India paper</cref>, under <er>India</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chinese wax</col>, <cd>a snowy-wgite, waxlike substance brought from China. It is the bleached secretion of certain insects of the family <spn>Coccid\'91</spn> especially <spn>Coccus Sinensis</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chinese</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi*nese"</hw>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or natives of China, or one of that yellow race with oblique eyelids who live principally in China.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <singf>sing.</singf> <def>The language of China, which is monosyllabic.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Chineses</i> was used as a plural by the contemporaries of Shakespeare and Milton.</note>

<h1>Chink</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chink</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>chine</ets>, AS. <ets>c\'c6ne</ets> fissure, chink, fr. <ets>c\'c6nan</ets> to gape; akin to Goth. <ets>Keinan</ets> to sprout, G. <ets>keimen</ets>. Cf. <er>Chit</er>.]</ety> <def>A small cleft, rent, or fissure, of greater length than breadth; a gap or crack; <as>as, the <ex>chinks</ex> of wall</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Through one cloudless <b>chink</b>, in a black, stormy sky.
Shines out the dewy morning star.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chink</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chink</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chinked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chinking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To crack; to open.</def>

<h1>Chink</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chink</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to open in cracks or fissures.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fill up the chinks of; <as>as, to <ex>chink</ex> a wall</as>.</def>

<h1>Chink</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chink</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of imitative origin. Cf. <er>Jingle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A short, sharp sound, as of metal struck with a slight degree of violence.</def> "<i>Chink</i> of bell."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Money; cash.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark> "To leave his <i>chink</i> to better hands."

<i>Somerville.</i>

<h1>Chink</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chink</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to make a sharp metallic sound, as coins, small pieces of metal, etc., by bringing them into collision with each other.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Chink</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chink</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a slight, sharp, metallic sound, as by the collision of little pieces of money, or other small sonorous bodies.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Chinky</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chink"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of chinks or fissures; gaping; opening in narrow clefts.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Chinned</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chinned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a chin; -- used chiefly in compounds; <as>as, short-<ex>chinned</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Chinoidine</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi*noid"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>chin</ets>ium quinine (cf. G. & F. <ets>china</ets> Peruvian bark) + <ets>--oil</ets> + <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Quinodine</er>.</def>

<h1>Chinoline</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chin"o*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>chin</ets>ium quinine (see <er>Chinoldine</er>) + L. <ets>ol</ets>eum oil + <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Quinoline</er>.</def>

<h1>Chinone</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi"none</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>chin</ets>ium quinine (see <er>Chinoidine</er>.) + <ets>-one</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Quinone</er>.</def>

<h1>Chinook</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi*nook"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>One of a tribe of North American Indians now living in the state of Washington, noted for the custom of flattening their skulls. Chinooks also called <altname>Flathead Indians</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A warm westerly wind from the country of the Chinooks, sometimes experienced on the slope of the Rocky Mountains, in Montana and the adjacent territory.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A jargon of words from various languages (the largest proportion of which is from that of the Chinooks) generally understood by all the Indian tribes of the northwestern territories of the United States.</def>

<h1>Chinquapin</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chin"qua*pin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A branching, nut-bearing tree or shrub (<spn>Castanea pumila</spn>) of North America, from six to twenty feet high, allied to the chestnut. Also, its small, sweet, edible nat.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chincapin</asp> and <asp>chinkapin</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Chinquapin oak</col>, <cd>a small shrubby oak (<spn>Quercus prinoides</spn>) of the Atlantic States, with edible acorns.</cd> -- <col>Western Chinquapin</col>, <cd>an evergreen shrub or tree (<spn>Castanopes chrysophylla</spn>) of the Pacific coast. In California it is a shrub; in Oregon a tree 30 to 125 feet high.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chinse</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chinse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chinsed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chinsing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To thrust oakum into (seams or chinks) with a chisel , the point of a knife, or a chinsing iron; to calk slightly.</def>

<cs><col>Chinsing iron</col>, <cd>a light calking iron.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chintz</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chintz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chintzes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Hindi <ets>ch\'c6nt</ets> spotted cotton clooth, <ets>ch\'c6nt\'be spot</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cotton cloth, printed with flowers and other devices, in a number of different colors, and often glazed.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Chioppine</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chiop*pine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Chopine</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Chip</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chipped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chipping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>kippen</ets> to cut off the edge, to clip, pare. Cf. <er>Chop</er> to cut.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut small pieces from; to diminsh or reduce to shape, by cutting away a little at a time; to hew.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To break or crack, or crack off a portion of, as of an eggshell in hatching, or a piece of crockery.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bet, as with chips in the game of poker.</def>

<cs><col>To chip in</col>, <cd>to contribute, as to a fund; to share in the risks or expenses of. <mark>[Slang. U. S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Chip</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chip</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To break or fly off in small pieces.</def>

<h1>Chip</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chip</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of wood, stone, or other substance, separated by an ax, chisel, or cutting instrument.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fragment or piece broken off; a small piece.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Wood or Cuban palm leaf split into slips, or straw plaited in a special manner, for making hats or bonnets.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything dried up, withered, or without flavor; -- used contemptuously.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>One of the counters used in poker and other games.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The triangular piece of wood attached to the log line.</def>

<cs><col>Buffalo chips</col>. <cd>See under <er>Buffalo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chip ax</col>, <cd>a small ax for chipping timber into shape.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Chip bonnet</col>, <col>Chip hat</col></mcol>, <cd>a bonnet or a hat made of Chip. See <er>Chip</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd> -- <col>A chip off the old block</col>, <cd>a child who resembles either of his parents.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <i>Milton</i>.- <mcol><col>Potato chips</col>, <col>Saratoga chips</col><mcol>, <cd>thin slices of raw potato fried crisp.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chipmunk</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chip"munk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A squirrel-like animal of the genus <spn>Tamias</spn>, sometimes called the <i>striped squirrel</i>, <i>chipping squirrel</i>, <i>ground squirrel</i>, <i>hackee</i>. The common species of the United States is the <spn>Tamias striatus</spn>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chipmonk</asp>, <asp>chipmuck</asp>, and <asp>chipmuk</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Chipper</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chip"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[<tt>Cf.</tt> <er>Cheep</er>, <er>Chirp</er>.]</ety> <def>To chirp or chirrup.</def> <mark>[ Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Forby.</i>

<h1>Chipper</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chip"per</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lively; cheerful; talkative.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Chippeways</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chip"pe*ways</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singf>Chippeway</singf></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the northern and weastern shores of Lake Superior; -- called also <altname>Objibways</altname>.</def>

<h1>Chipping</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chip"ping</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chip; a piece separated by a cutting or graving instrument; a fragment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or process of cutting or breaking off small pieces, as in dressing iron with a chisel, or reducing a timber or block of stone to shape.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The breaking off in small pieces of the edges of potter's ware, porcelain, etc.</def>

<h1>Chipping bird</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chip"ping bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The chippy.</def>

<h1>Chipping squirrel</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chip"ping squir"rel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Chipmunk</er>.</def>

<h1>Chippy</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chip"py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding in, or resembling, chips; dry and tasteless.</def>

<h1>Chippy</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chip"py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small American sparrow (<spn>Spizella socialis</spn>), very common near dwelling; -- also called <altname>chipping bird</altname> and <altname>chipping sparrow</altname>, from its simple note.</def>

<h1>Chips</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chips</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A ship's carpenter.</def> <mark>[Cant.]</mark>

<h1>Chiragra</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi*ra"gra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ hand + <?/ seizure.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Gout in the hand.</def>

<h1>Chiragrical</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi*rag"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the gout in the hand, or subject to that disease.</def>

<i>Sir. T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Chiretta</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi*ret"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>chir\'be\'c6t\'be</ets>.]</ety> <def>A plant (<spn>Agathotes Chirayta</spn>) found in Northern India, having medicinal properties to the gentian, and esteemed as a tonic and febrifuge.</def>

<h1>Chirk</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chirk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chirp</er>, also <er>Creak</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shriek; to gnash; to utter harsh or shrill cries.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All full of <b>chirkyng</b> was that sorry place.
<i>Cheucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To chirp like a bird.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Chirk</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chirk</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cheer; to enliven; <as>as, to <ex>chirk</ex> one up</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. New Eng. ]</mark>

<h1>Chirk</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chirk</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Chirk</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Lively; cheerful; in good spirits.</def> <mark>[Colloq. New Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Chirm</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chirm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>cyrman</ets>, <ets>cirman</ets>, to cry out. \'fb24 Cf. <er>Chirp</er>.]</ety> <def>To chirp or to make a mournful cry, as a bird.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Huloet.</i>

<h1>Chirognomy</h1>
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<hw>Chi*rog"no*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hand + <?/ understanding.]</ety> <def>The art of judging character by the shape and apperance of the hand.</def>

<h1>Chirograph</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi"ro*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ written with the hand; <?/ hand + <?/ to write.]</ety> <fld>(Old. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A writing which, reguiring a counterpart, was engrossed twice on the same piece of parchment, with a space between, in which was written the word <i>chirographum</i>, through which the parchment was cut, and one part given to each party. It answered to what is now called a <i>charter party</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The last part of a fine of land, commonly called the <i>foot</i> of the fine.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Chirographer</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi*rog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who practice the art or business of writing or engrossing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>chirographist</er>, 2.</def>

<cs><col>Chirographer of fines</col> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>an officer in the court of common pleas, who engrossed fines.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chirographic, Chirographical</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw><hw>Chi`ro*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chi`ro*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to chirography.</def>

<h1>Chirographist</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi*rog"ra*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chirographer; a writer or engrosser.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who tells fortunes by examining the hand.</def>

<h1>Chirography</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi*rog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of writing or engrossing; handwriting; <as>as, skilled in <ex>chirography</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The art of telling fortunes by examining the hand.</def>

<h1>Chirogymnast</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi`ro*gym"nast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hand + <?/  trainer of athletes, gymnast.]</ety> <def>A mechanocal contrivance for exercesing the fingers of a pianist.</def>

<h1>Chirological</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi`ro*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to chirology.</def>

<h1>Chirologist</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi*rol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who communicates thoughts by signs made with the hands and fingers.</def>

<h1>Chirology</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi*rol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hand + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or practice of using the manual alphabet or of communicating thoughts by sings made by the hands and fingers; a substitute for spoken or written language in intercourse with the deaf and dumb. See <er>Dactylalogy</er>.</def>

<h1>Chiromancer</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi"ro*man`cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices chiromancy.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Chiromancy</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi"ro*mancy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hand + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or practice of foretelling events, or of telling the fortunes or the disposition of persons by inspecting the hand; palmistry.</def>

<h1>Chiromanist, Chiromantist</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw><hw>Chi"ro*man`ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chi"ro*man`tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A chiromancer.</def>

<h1>Chiromantic, Chiromantical</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw><hw>Chi`ro*man"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chi`ro*man"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to chiromancy.</def>

<h1>Chiromonic</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi`ro*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to chironomy.</def>

<h1>Chironomy</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi*ron"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ hand + <?/ to manage.]</ety> <def>The art of moving the hands in oratory or in pantomime; gesture</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chiroplast</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi"ro*plast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ formed by hand; <?/ hand + <?/ to shape.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An instrument to guid the hands and fingers of pupils in playing on the piano, etc.</def>

<h1>Chiropodist</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi*rop"o*dist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hand + <?/; <?/, foot.]</ety> <def>One who treats diseases of the hands and feet; especially, one who removes corns and bunions.</def>

<h1>Chiropody</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chirop"ody</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of treating diseases of the hands and feet.</def>

<h1>Chirosophist</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chiros"ophist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hand + <?/ skillful, wise. See <er>Sophist</er>.]</ety> <def>A fortune teller.</def>

<h1>Chirp</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chirp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chirped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chirping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of imitative orgin. Cf. <er>Chirk</er>, <er>Chipper</er>, <er>Cheep</er>, <er>Chirm</er>, <er>Chirrup</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a shop, sharp, cheerful, as of small birds or crickets.</def>

<h1>Chirp</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chirp</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A short, sharp note, as of a bird or insect.</def> "The <b>chirp</b> of flitting bird."

<i>Bryant.</i>

<h1>Chirper</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chirp"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who chirps, or is cheerful.</def>

<h1>Chirping</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chirp"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cheering; enlivening.</def>

<blockquote>He takes his <b>chirping</b> pint, he cracks his jokes.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chirpingly</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chirp"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a chirping manner.</def>

<h1>Chirre</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chirre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>girren</ets>, AS. <ets>corian</ets> to murmur, complain. \'fb24.]</ety> <def>To coo, as a pigeon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chirrup</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chir"rup</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chirruped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chirruping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Chirp</er>.]</ety> <def>To quicken or animate by chirping; to cherup.</def>

<h1>Chirrup</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chir"rup</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To chirp.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>The criket <b>chirrups</b> on the hearth.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chirrup</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chir"rup</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of chirping; a chirp.</def>

<blockquote>The sparrows' <b>chirrup</b> on the roof.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chirrupy</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chir"rupy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cheerful; joyous; chatty.</def>

<h1>Chirurgeon</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi*rur"geon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chirurgien</ets>, from <ets>chirurgie</ets> surgery, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ working or operating with the hand; <?/ hand + <?/ work. Cf. <er>Surgeon</er>, <er>Work</er>.]</ety> <def>A surgeon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chirurgeonly</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi*rur"geon*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Surgically.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Chirurgery</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw>Chi*rur"ger*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chirurgeon</er>, and cf. <er>Surgery</er>.]</ety> <def>Surgery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chirurgic, Chirurgical</h1>
<Xpage=249>

<hw><hw>Chi*rur"gic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chirur"gical</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chirurgique</ets>rurgical, L. <ets>Chirurgicus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Chirurgeon</er>, and cf. <er>Surgical</er>.]</ety> <def>Surgical</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Chirurgical</i> lore"

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<hr>
<page="250">
Page 250<p>

<h1>Chisel</h1>
<Xpage=250>

<hw>Chis"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>chisel</ets>, F. <ets>ciseau</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>cisellus</ets>, prob. for <ets>caesellus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caesus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>caedere</ets> to cut. Cf. <er>Scissors</er>.]</ety> <def>A tool with a cutting edge on one end of a metal blade, used in dressing, shaping, or working in timber, stone, metal, etc.; -- usually driven by a mallet or hammer.</def>

<cs><col>Cold chisel</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cold</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Chisel</h1>
<Xpage=250>

<hw>Chis"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chiseled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, or <er>Chiselled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chiseling</er>, or <er>Chiselling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ciseler</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut, pare, gouge, or engrave with a chisel; <as>as, to <ex>chisel</ex> a block of marble into a statue</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cut close, as in a bargain; to cheat.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Chisleu</h1>
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<hw>Chis"leu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb.]</ety> <def>The ninth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering to a part of November with a part of December.</def>

<h1>Chisley</h1>
<Xpage=250>

<hw>Chis"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ceosel</ets> gravel or sand. Cf. <er>Chessom</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a large admixture of small pebbles or gravel; -- said of a soil.</def>

<i>Gardner.</i>

<h1>Chit</h1>
<Xpage=250>

<hw>Chit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>c\'c6<?/</ets> shoot, sprig, from the same root as <ets>c\'c6nan</ets> to yawn. See <er>Chink</er> a cleft.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The embryo or the growing bud of a plant; a shoot; a sprout; <as>as, the <ex>chits</ex> of Indian corn or of potatoes</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A child or babe; <as>as, a forward <ex>chit</ex></as>; also, a young, small, or insignificant person or animal.</def>

<blockquote>A little <b>chit</b> of a woman.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An excrescence on the body, as a wart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A small tool used in cleaving laths.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Chit</h1>
<Xpage=250>

<hw>Chit</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To shoot out; to sprout.</def>

<blockquote>I have known barley <b>chit</b> in seven hours after it had been thrown forth.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chit</h1>
<Xpage=250>

<hw>Chit</hw>, <tt>3d sing.</tt> of <er>Chide</er>. <def>Chideth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Chitchat</h1>
<Xpage=250>

<hw>Chit"chat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Chat</er>, by way of reduplication.]</ety> <def>Familiar or trifling talk; prattle.</def>

<h1>Chitin</h1>
<Xpage=250>

<hw>Chi"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chiton</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white amorphous horny substance forming the harder part of the outer integument of insects, crustacea, and various other invertebrates; entomolin.</def>

<h1>Chitinization</h1>
<Xpage=250>

<hw>Chi`ti*ni*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of becoming chitinous.</def>

<h1>Chitinous</h1>
<Xpage=250>

<hw>Chi"ti*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the nature of chitin; consisting of, or containing, chitin.</def>

<h1>Chiton</h1>
<Xpage=250>

<hw>Chi"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a chiton (in sense 1).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An under garment among the ancient Greeks, nearly representing the modern shirt.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group of gastropod mollusks, with a shell composed of eight movable dorsal plates. See <er>Polyplacophora</er>.</def>

<h1>Chitter</h1>
<Xpage=250>

<hw>Chit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chatter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To chirp in a tremulous manner, as a bird.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To shiver or chatter with cold.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Chitterling</h1>
<Xpage=250>

<hw>Chit"ter*ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The frill to the breast of a shirt, which when ironed out resembled the small entrails. See <er>Chitterlings</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gascoigne.</i>

<h1>Chitterlings</h1>
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<hw>Chit"ter*lings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>cwi\'ed</ets> womb, Icel. <ets>kvi\'eb</ets>, Goth. <ets>qi\'edus</ets>, belly, womb, stomach, G. <ets>kutteln</ets> chitterlings.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>The smaller intestines of swine, etc., fried for food.</def>

<h1>Chittra</h1>
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<hw>Chit"tra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The axis deer of India.</def>

<h1>Chitty</h1>
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<hw>Chit"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of chits or sprouts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Childish; like a babe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chivachie</h1>
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<hw>Chiv"a*chie`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>chevauchie</ets>, <ets>chevauch\'82e</ets>; of the same origin as E. <ets>cavalcade</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cavalry raid; hence, a military expedition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Chivalric</h1>
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<hw>Chiv"al*ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chivalry</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to chivalry; knightly; chivalrous.</def>

<h1>Chivalrous</h1>
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<hw>Chiv"al*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>chevalerus</ets>, <ets>chevalereus</ets>, fr. <ets>chevalier</ets>. See <er>Chivalry</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to chivalry or knight-errantry; warlike; heroic; gallant; high-spirited; high-minded; magnanimous.</def>

<blockquote>In brave pursuit of <b>chivalrous</b> emprise.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chivalrously</h1>
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<hw>Chiv"al*rous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a chivalrous manner; gallantly; magnanimously.</def>

<h1>Chivalry</h1>
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<hw>Chiv"al*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chevalerie</ets>, fr. <ets>chevalier</ets> knight, OF., horseman. See <er>Chevalier</er>, and cf. <er>Cavalry</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A body or order of cavaliers or knights serving on horseback; illustrious warriors, collectively; cavalry.</def> "His Memphian <i>chivalry</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>By his light
Did all the <b>chivalry</b> of England move,
To do brave acts.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The dignity or system of knighthood; the spirit, usages, or manners of knighthood; the practice of knight-errantry.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The qualifications or character of knights, as valor, dexterity in arms, courtesy, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The glory of our Troy this day doth lie
On his fair worth and single <b>chivalry</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A tenure of lands by knight's service; that is, by the condition of a knight's performing service on horseback, or of performing some noble or military service to his lord.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Exploit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<cs><col>Court of chivalry</col>, <cd>a court formerly held before the lord high constable and earl marshal of England as judges, having cognizance of contracts and other matters relating to deeds of arms and war.</cd></cs>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Chive</h1>
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<hw>Chive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A filament of a stamen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chive</h1>
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<hw>Chive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cive</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cepa</ets>, <ets>caepa</ets>, onion. Cf. <er>Cives</er>, <er>Cibol</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial plant (<spn>Allium Sch\'d2noprasum</spn>), allied to the onion. The young leaves are used in omelets, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cive</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Chivy</h1>
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<hw>Chiv"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chivied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chivying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chevy</er>.]</ety> <def>To goad, drive, hunt, throw, or pitch.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Chlamydate</h1>
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<hw>Chlam"y*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>chlamydatus</ets> dressed in a military cloak. See <er>Chlamys</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a mantle; -- applied to certain gastropods.</def>

<h1>Chlamyphore</h1>
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<hw>Chlam"y*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cloak + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small South American edentate (<spn>Chlamyphorus truncatus</spn>, and <spn>C. retusus</spn>) allied to the armadillo. It is covered with a leathery shell or coat of mail, like a cloak, attached along the spine.</def>

<h1>Chlamys</h1>
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<hw>Chla"mys</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Chlamyses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Chlamydes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A loose and flowing outer garment, worn by the ancient Greeks; a kind of cloak.</def>

<h1>Chloasma</h1>
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<hw>Chlo*as"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to be green.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cutaneous affection characterized by yellow or yellowish brown pigmented spots.</def>

<h1>Chloral</h1>
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<hw>Chlo"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chlor</ets>ine + <ets>al</ets>cohol.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless oily liquid, <chform>CCl3.CHO</chform>, of a pungent odor and harsh taste, obtained by the action of chlorine upon ordinary or ethyl alcohol.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Chloral hydrate.</def>

<cs><col>Chloral hydrate</col>, <cd>a white crystalline substance, obtained by treating chloral with water. It produces sleep when taken internally or hypodermically; -- called also <altname>chloral</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chloralamide</h1>
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<hw>Chlo"ral*am`ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chloral</ets> + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of chloral and formic amide used to produce sleep.</def>

<h1>Chloralism</h1>
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<hw>Chlo"ral*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid condition of the system resulting from excessive use of chloral.</def>

<h1>Chloralum</h1>
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<hw>Chlor`al"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chlor</ets>ine + <ets>alum</ets>inium.]</ety> <def>An impure aqueous solution of chloride of aluminium, used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.</def>

<h1>Chloranil</h1>
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<hw>Chlor`an"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chlor</ets>ine + <ets>anil</ets>ine.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow crystalline substance, <chform>C6Cl4.O2</chform>, regarded as a derivative of quinone, obtained by the action of chlorine on certain benzene derivatives, as aniline.</def>

<h1>Chlorate</h1>
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<hw>Chlo"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chlorate</ets>. See <er>Chlorine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of chloric acid; <as>as, <ex>chlorate</ex> of potassium</as>.</def>

<h1>Chloraurate</h1>
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<hw>Chlor`au"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chlor</ets>ine + <ets>aurate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Aurochloride</er>.</def>

<h1>Chlorhydric</h1>
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<hw>Chlor`hy"dric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chlor</ets>ine + <ets>hydr</ets>ogen + <ets>-ic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hydrochloric</er>.</def>

<h1>Chlorhydrin</h1>
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<hw>Chlor`hy"drin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a class of compounds formed from certain polybasic alcohols (and especially glycerin) by the substitution of chlorine for one or more hydroxyl groups.</def>

<h1>Chloric</h1>
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<hw>Chlo"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Chlorine</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, chlorine; -- said of those compounds of chlorine in which this element has a valence of five, or the next to its highest; <as>as, <ex>chloric</ex> acid, <chform>HClO3</chform></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Chloric ether</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>ethylene dichloride. See <cref>Dutch liquid</cref>, under <er>Dutch</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chloridate</h1>
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<hw>Chlo"ri*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <def>To treat or prepare with a chloride, as a plate with chloride of silver, for the purposes of photography.</def>

<i>R. Hunt.</i>

<h1>Chloride</h1>
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<hw>Chlo"ride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A binary compound of chlorine with another element or radical; <as>as, <ex>chloride</ex> of sodium (common salt)</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Chloride of ammonium</col>, <cd>sal ammoniac.</cd> -- <col>Chloride of lime</col>, <cd>bleaching powder; a grayish white substance, CaOCl<?/, used in bleaching and disinfecting; -- called more properly <i>calcium hypochlorite<i>. See <cref>Hypochlorous acid</cref>, under <er>Hypochlorous</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mercuric chloride</col>, <cd>corrosive sublimate.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chloridic</h1>
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<hw>Chlo*rid"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a chloride; containing a chloride.</def>

<h1>Chloridize</h1>
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<hw>Chlo"rid*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Chloridate</er>.</def>

<h1>Chlorimetry</h1>
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<hw>Chlo*rim"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Chlorometry</er>.</def>

<h1>Chlorinate</h1>
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<hw>Chlo"rin*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chlorinated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chlorinating</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To treat, or cause to combine, with chlorine.</def>

<h1>Chlorination</h1>
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<hw>Chlo`ri*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of subjecting anything to the action of chlorine; especially, a process for the extraction of gold by exposure of the auriferous material to chlorine gas.</def>

<h1>Chlorine</h1>
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<hw>Chlo"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ pale green, greenish yellow. So named from its color. See <er>Yellow</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the elementary substances, commonly isolated as a greenish yellow gas, two and one half times as heavy as air, of an intensely disagreeable suffocating odor, and exceedingly poisonous. It is abundant in nature, the most important compound being common salt. It is powerful oxidizing, bleaching, and disinfecting agent. Symbol Cl. Atomic weight, 35.4.</def>

<cs><col>Chlorine family</col>, <cd>the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, called the <i>halogens<i>, and classed together from their common peculiariries.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chloriodic</h1>
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<hw>Chlor`i*od"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Compounded of chlorine and iodine; containing chlorine and iodine.</def>

<h1>Chloriodine</h1>
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<hw>Chlor`i"o*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A compound of chlorine and iodine.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Chlorite</h1>
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<hw>Chlo"rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), fr. <?/ light green.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The name of a group of minerals, usually of a green color and micaceous to granular in structure. They are hydrous silicates of alumina, iron, and magnesia.</def>

<cs><col>Chlorite slate</col>, <cd>a schistose or slaty rock consisting of alumina, iron, and magnesia.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chlorite</h1>
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<hw>Chlo"rite</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chlor</ets>ous + <ets>-ite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any salt of chlorous acid; <as>as, <ex>chlorite</ex> of sodium</as>.</def>

<h1>Chloritic</h1>
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<hw>Chlo*rit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 1st <er>Chlorite</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, chlorite; <as>as, <ex>chloritic</ex> sand</as>.</def>

<h1>Chlormethane</h1>
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<hw>Chlor`meth"ane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless gas, <chform>CH3Cl</chform>, of a sweet odor, easily condensed to a liquid; -- called also <altname>methyl chloride</altname>.</def>
<-- Also chloromethane. b. p. -23.7&deg; C.  It is sold as a liquid under pressure, and used to rapidly chill skin (so as to prevent swelling after an injury); in this fashion it also serves as a local anaesthetic.  It chills by the cooling effect of the rapid evaporation of the liquid form, applied directly to the skin.
  Also used as a refrigerant. -->

<h1>Chloro-</h1>
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<hw>Chlo"ro-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A prefix denoting that <i>chlorine</i> is an ingredient in the substance named.</def>

<h1>Chlorocruorin</h1>
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<hw>Chlo`ro*cru"o*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ light green + E. <ets>cruorin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A green substance, supposed to be the cause of the green color of the blood in some species of worms.</def>

<i>Ray Lankester.</i>

<h1>Chlorodyne</h1>
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<hw>Chlo"ro*dyne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>chlor</ets>ine, in imitation of ano<ets>dyne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A patent anodyne medicine, containing opium, chloroform, Indian hemp, etc.</def>

<h1>Chloroform</h1>
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<hw>Chlo"ro*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chlor</ets>ine + <ets>form</ets>yl, it having been regarded as a trichloride of this radical: cf. F. <ets>chloroforme</ets>, G. <ets>chloroform</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless volatile liquid, <chform>CHCl3</chform>, having an ethereal odor and a sweetish taste, formed by treating alcohol with chlorine and an alkali. It is a powerful solvent of wax, resin, etc., and is extensively used to produce an\'91sthesia in surgical operations; also externally, to alleviate pain.</def>

<h1>Chloroform</h1>
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<hw>Chlo"ro*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chloroformed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chloroforming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To treat with chloroform, or to place under its influence.</def>

<h1>Chloroleucite</h1>
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<hw>Chlo`ro*leu"cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ light green + E. <ets>leucite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Chloroplastid</er>.</def>

<h1>Chlorometer</h1>
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<hw>Chlo*rom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chlorom\'8atre</ets>. See <er>Chlorine</er>, and <er>-meter</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument to test the decoloring or bleaching power of chloride of lime.</def>

<h1>Chlorometry</h1>
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<hw>Chlo*rom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of testing the bleaching power of any combination of chlorine.</def>

<h1>Chloropal</h1>
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<hw>Chlo*ro"pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ light green + E. <ets>opal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A massive mineral, greenish in color, and opal-like in appearance. It is essentially a hydrous silicate of iron.</def>

<h1>Chloropeptic</h1>
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<hw>Chlo`ro*pep"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chlor</ets>ine + <ets>peptic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an acid more generally called <i>pepsin-hydrochloric acid</i>.</def>

<h1>Chlorophane</h1>
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<hw>Chlo"ro*phane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ light green + <?/ to show: cf. F. <ets>chlorophane</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of fluor spar, which, when heated, gives a beautiful emerald green light.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The yellowish green pigment in the inner segment of the cones of the retina. See <er>Chromophane</er>.</def>

<h1>Chlorophyll</h1>
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<hw>Chlo"ro*phyll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ light green + <?/ leaf: cf. F. <ets>chlorophylle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Literally, leaf green; a green granular matter formed in the cells of the leaves (and other parts exposed to light) of plants, to which they owe their green color, and through which all ordinary assimilation of plant food takes place. Similar chlorophyll granules have been found in the tissues of the lower animals.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chlorophyl</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Chloroplastid</h1>
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<hw>Chlo`ro*plas"tid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ light green + E. <ets>plastid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A granule of chlorophyll; -- also called <altname>chloroleucite</altname>.</def>

<h1>Chloroplatinic</h1>
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<hw>Chlo`ro*pla*tin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Platinichloric</er>.</def>

<h1>Chlorosis</h1>
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<hw>Chlo*ro"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ light green: cf. F. <ets>chlorose</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The green sickness; an an\'91mic disease of young women, characterized by a greenish or grayish yellow hue of the skin, weakness, palpitation, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A disease in plants, causing the flowers to turn green or the leaves to lose their normal green color.</def>

<h1>Chlorotic</h1>
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<hw>Chlo*rot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chlorotique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or affected by, chlorosis.</def>

<h1>Chlorous</h1>
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<hw>Chlo"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chlorine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, chlorine; -- said of those compounds of chlorine in which this element has a valence of three, the next lower than in chloric compounds; <as>as, <ex>chlorous</ex> acid, <chform>HClO2</chform></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem. Physics)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the electro-negative character of chlorine; hence, electro-negative; -- opposed to <i>basylous</i> or <i>zincous</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chlorpicrin</h1>
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<hw>Chlor`pi"crin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A heavy, colorless liquid, <chform>CCl3.NO2</chform>, of a strong pungent odor, obtained by subjecting picric acid to the action of chlorine.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chloropikrin</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Chloruret</h1>
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<hw>Chlo"ru*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chlorure</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A chloride.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Choak</h1>
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<hw>Choak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Choke</er>.</def>

<h1>Choanoid</h1>
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<hw>Cho"a*noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ funnel + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Funnel-shaped; -- applied particularly to a hollow muscle attached to the ball of the eye in many reptiles and mammals.</def>

<h1>Chocard</h1>
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<hw>Cho"card</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The chough.</def>

<h1>Chock</h1>
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<hw>Chock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chocked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chocking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To stop or fasten, as with a wedge, or block; to scotch; <as>as, to <ex>chock</ex> a wheel or cask</as>.</def>

<h1>Chock</h1>
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<hw>Chock</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fill up, as a cavity.</def> "The woodwork . . . exactly <i>chocketh</i> into joints."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Chock</h1>
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<hw>Chock</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wedge, or block made to fit in any space which it is desired to fill, esp. something to steady a cask or other body, or prevent it from moving, by fitting into the space around or beneath it.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A heavy casting of metal, usually fixed near the gunwale. It has two short horn-shaped arms curving inward, between which ropes or hawsers may pass for towing, mooring, etc.</def>

<h1>Chock</h1>
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<hw>Chock</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Entirely; quite; <as>as, <ex>chock</ex> home; <ex>chock</ex> aft.</as></def>

<h1>Chock</h1>
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<hw>Chock</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>choquer</ets>. Cf. <er>Shock</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To encounter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chock</h1>
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<hw>Chock</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An encounter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chockablock</h1>
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<hw>Chock"a*block</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Hoisted as high as the tackle will admit; brought close together, as the two blocks of a tackle in hoisting.</def>

<h1>Chock-full</h1>
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<hw>Chock"-full`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Quite full; choke-full.</def>

<h1>Chocolate</h1>
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<hw>Choc"o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. the Mexican name of the cacao. Cf. <er>Cacao</er>, <er>Cocoa</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A paste or cake composed of the roasted seeds of the <i>Theobroma Cacao</i> ground and mixed with other ingredients, usually sugar, and cinnamon or vanilla.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The beverage made by dissolving a portion of the paste or cake in boiling water or milk.</def>

<cs><col>Chocolate house</col>, <cd>a house in which customers may be served with chocolate.</cd> -- <col>Chocolate nut</col>. <cd>See <er>Cacao</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Choctaws</h1>
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<hw>Choc"taws</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt><def>; <i>sing</i>. <er>Choctaw</er>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> A tribe of North American Indians (Southern Appalachian), in early times noted for their pursuit of agriculture, and for living at peace with the white settlers. They are now one of the civilized tribes of the Indian Territory.</def>

<h1>Chode</h1>
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<hw>Chode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def>the old <i>imp</i>. of <i>chide</i>. See <er>Chide</er>.</def>

<h1>Chogset</h1>
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<hw>Chog"set</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cunner</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="251">
Page 251<p>

<h1>Choice</h1>
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<hw>Choice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>chois</ets>, OF. <ets>chois</ets>, F. <ets>choix</ets>, fr. <ets>choisir</ets> to choose; of German origin; cf. Goth. <ets>kausjan</ets> to examine, <ets>kiusan</ets> to choose, examine, G. <ets>kiesen</ets>. \'fb46. Cf. <er>Choose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of choosing; the voluntary act of selecting or separating from two or more things that which is preferred; the determination of the mind in preferring one thing to another; election.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The power or opportunity of choosing; option.</def>

<blockquote><b>Choice</b> there is not, unless the thing which we take be so in our power that we might have refused it.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Care in selecting; judgment or skill in distinguishing what is to be preferred, and in giving a preference; discrimination.</def>

<blockquote>I imagine they [the apothegms of C\'91sar] were collected with judgment and <b>choice</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A sufficient number to choose among.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The thing or person chosen; that which is approved and selected in preference to others; selection.</def>

<blockquote>The common wealth is sick of their own <b>choice</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The best part; that which is preferable.</def>

<blockquote>The flower and <b>choice</b>
Of many provinces from bound to bound.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To make a choice of</col>, <cd>to choose; to select; to separate and take in preference.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. - See <er>Volition</er>, <er>Option</er>.</syn>

<h1>Choice</h1>
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<hw>Choice</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Choicer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Choicest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Worthly of being chosen or preferred; select; superior; precious; valuable.</def>

<blockquote>My <b>choicest</b> hours of life are lost.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Preserving or using with care, as valuable; frugal; -- used with <i>of</i>; <as>as, to be <ex>choice</ex> of time, or of money</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Selected with care, and due attention to preference; deliberately chosen.</def>

<blockquote><b>Choice</b> word measured phrase.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. - Select; precious; exquisite; uncommon; rare; chary; careful/</syn>

<h1>Choiceful</h1>
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<hw>Choice"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making choices; fickle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His <b>choiceful</b> sense with every change doth fit.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Choicely</h1>
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<hw>Choice"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With care in choosing; with nice regard to preference.</def> "A band of men collected <i>choicely</i>, from each county some."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a preferable or excellent manner; excellently; eminently.</def> "<i>Choicely</i> good."

<i>Walton.</i>

<h1>Choiceness</h1>
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<hw>Choice"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being of particular value or worth; nicely; excellence.</def>

<h1>Choir</h1>
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<hw>Choir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>quer</ets>, OF. <ets>cuer</ets>, F. <ets>ch\'d2ur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>chorus</ets> a choral dance, chorus, choir, fr. Gr. <?/, orig. dancing place; prob. akin to <?/ inclosure, L. <ets>hortus</ets> garden, and E. <ets>yard</ets>. See <er>Chorus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A band or organized company of singers, especially in church service.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>quire</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That part of a church appropriated to the singers.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The chancel.</def>

<cs><col>Choir organ</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>one of the three or five distinct organs included in the full organ, each separable from the rest, but all controlled by one performer; a portion of the full organ, complete in itself, and more practicable for ordinary service and in the accompanying of the vocal choir.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Choir screen</col>, <col>Choir wall</col></mcol> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a screen or low wall separating the choir from the aisles.</cd> -- <col>Choir service</col>, <cd>the service of singing performed by the choir.</cd></cs>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Choke</h1>
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<hw>Choke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Choked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Choking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cheken</ets>, <ets>choken</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>\'beceocian</ets> to suffocate, Icel. <ets>koka</ets> to gulp, E. <ets>chincough</ets>, <ets>cough</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render unable to breathe by filling, pressing upon, or squeezing the windpipe; to stifle; to suffocate; to strangle.</def>

<blockquote>With eager feeding food doth <b>choke</b> the feeder.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To obstruct by filling up or clogging any passage; to block up.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To hinder or check, as growth, expansion, progress, etc.; to stifle.</def>

<blockquote>Oats and darnel <b>choke</b> the rising corn.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To affect with a sense of strangulation by passion or strong feeling.</def> "I was <i>choked</i> at this word."

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To make a choke, as in a cartridge, or in the bore of the barrel of a shotgun.</def>

<cs><col>To choke off</col>, <cd>to stop a person in the execution of a purpose; as, <i>to choke off<i> a speaker by uproar.</cd></cs>

<h1>Choke</h1>
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<hw>Choke</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have the windpipe stopped; to have a spasm of the throat, caused by stoppage or irritation of the windpipe; to be strangled.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be checked, as if by choking; to stick.</def>

<blockquote>The words <b>choked</b> in his throat.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Choke</h1>
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<hw>Choke</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A stoppage or irritation of the windpipe, producing the feeling of strangulation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The tied end of a cartridge.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A constriction in the bore of a shotgun, case of a rocket, etc.</def>

<h1>Chokeberry</h1>
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<hw>Choke"ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The small apple-shaped or pear-shaped fruit of an American shrub (<spn>Pyrus arbutifolia</spn>) growing in damp thickets; also, the shrub.</def>

<h1>Chokecherry</h1>
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<hw>Choke"cher`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The astringent fruit of a species of wild cherry (<spn>Prunus Virginiana</spn>); also, the bush or tree which bears such fruit.</def>

<h1>Choke damp</h1>
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<hw>Choke" damp`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <cref>Carbonic acid</cref>, under <er>Carbonic</er>.</def>

<h1>Chokedar</h1>
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<hw>Cho`ke*dar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hindi <ets>chauk\'c6-d\'ber</ets>.]</ety> <def>A watchman; an officer of customs or police.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Choke-full</h1>
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<hw>Choke"-full`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full to the brim; quite full; chock-full.</def>

<h1>Choke pear</h1>
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<hw>Choke" pear`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of pear that has a rough, astringent taste, and is swallowed with difficulty, or which contracts the mucous membrane of the mouth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sarcasm by which one is put to silence; anything that can not be answered.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>S. Richardson.</i>

<h1>Choker</h1>
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<hw>Chok"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, chokes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stiff wide cravat; a stock.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Choke-strap</h1>
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<hw>Choke"-strap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Saddlery)</fld> <def>A strap leading from the bellyband to the lower part of the collar, to keep the collar in place.</def>

<h1>Choking</h1>
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<hw>Chok"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That chokes; producing the feeling of strangulation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Indistinct in utterance, as the voice of a person affected with strong emotion.</def>

<h1>Choky Chokey</h1>
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<hw><hw>Chok"y Chok"ey</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tending to choke or suffocate, or having power to suffocate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inclined to choke, as a person affected with strong emotion.</def> "A deep and <i>choky</i> voice."

<i>Aytoun.</i>

<blockquote>The allusion to his mother made Tom feel rather <b>chokey</b>.
<i>T. Hughes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chol\'91maa</h1>
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<hw>Cho*l\'91"ma*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ bile + <?/ blood.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease characterized by severe nervous symptoms, dependent upon the presence of the constituents of the bile in the blood.</def>

<h1>Cholagogue</h1>
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<hw>Chol"a*gogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ bile + <?/ leading, <?/ to lead: cf. F. <ets>cholagogue</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Promoting the discharge of bile from the system.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An agent which promotes the discharge of bile from the system.</def></def2>

<h1>Cholate</h1>
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<hw>Cho"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bile.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of cholic acid; <as>as, sodium <ex>cholate</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Cholecystis</h1>
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<hw>Chol`e*cys"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ bile + <?/ bladder.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The gall bladder.</def>

<h1>Cholecystotomy</h1>
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<hw>Chol`e*cys*tot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cholecystis</ets> + Gr. <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of making an opening in the gall bladder, as for the removal of a gallstone.</def>

<h1>Choledology</h1>
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<hw>Chol`e*dol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bile + <ets>-logy</ets>. Cf. F. <ets>chol\'82dologie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A treatise on the bile and bilary organs.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<note>&hand; Littr\'82 says that the word <i>chol\'82dologie</i> is absolutely barbarous, there being no Greek word <?/. A proper form would be <i>cholology</i>.</note>

<h1>Choleic</h1>
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<hw>Cho*le"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, bile; <as>as, <ex>choleic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Choler</h1>
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<hw>Chol"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>coler</ets>, F. <ets>col\'8are</ets> anger, L. <ets>cholera</ets> a bilious complaint, fr. Gr. <?/ cholera, fr. <?/, <?/, bile. See <er>Gall</er>, and cf. <er>Cholera</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The bile; -- formerly supposed to be the seat and cause of irascibility.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His [Richard Hooker's] complexion . . . was sanguine, with a mixture of <b>choler</b>; and yet his motion was slow.
<i>I. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Irritation of the passions; anger; wrath.</def>

<blockquote>He is rash and very sudden in <b>choler</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cholera</h1>
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<hw>Chol"er*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a bilious disease. See <er>Choler</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>One of several diseases affecting the digestive and intestinal tract and more or less dangerous to life, esp. the one commonly called <i>Asiatic cholera</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Asiatic cholera</col>, <cd>a malignant and rapidly fatal disease, originating in Asia and frequently epidemic in the more filthy sections of other lands, to which the germ or specific poison may have been carried. It is characterized by diarrhea, rice-water evacuations, vomiting, cramps, pinched expression, and lividity, rapidly passing into a state of collapse, followed by death, or by a stage of reaction of fever.</cd> -- <col>Cholera bacillus</col>. <cd>See <cref>Comma bacillus</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Cholera infantum</col>, <cd>a dangerous summer disease, of infants, caused by hot weather, bad air, or poor milk, and especially fatal in large cities.</cd> -- <col>Cholera morbus</col>, <cd>a disease characterized by vomiting and purging, with gripings and cramps, usually caused by imprudence in diet or by gastrointestinal disturbance.</cd> -- <col>Chicken cholera</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chicken</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hog cholera</col>. <cd>See under <er>Hog</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sporadic cholera</col>, <cd>a disease somewhat resembling the Asiatic cholera, but originating where it occurs, and rarely becoming epidemic.</cd></cs>

<h1>Choleraic</h1>
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<hw>Chol`er*a"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or resulting from, or resembling, cholera.</def>

<h1>Choleric</h1>
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<hw>Chol"er*ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cholericus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>chol\'82rique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abounding with, or producing choler, or bile.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Easily irritated; irascible; inclined to anger.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Angry; indicating anger; excited by anger.</def> "<i>Choleric</i> speech."

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<cs><col>Choleric temperament</col>, <cd>the bilious temperament.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cholericly</h1>
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<hw>Chol"er*ic*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a choleric manner; angrily.</def>

<h1>Choleriform</h1>
<Xpage=251>

<hw>Chol"er*i*form`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cholera</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling cholera.</def>

<h1>Cholerine</h1>
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<hw>Chol"er*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The precursory symptoms of cholera.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The first stage of epidemic cholera.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A mild form of cholera.</def>

<h1>Choleroid</h1>
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<hw>Chol"er*oid</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cholera</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Choleriform.</def>

<h1>Cholesteric</h1>
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<hw>Cho`les*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cholest\'82rique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to cholesterin, or obtained from it; <as>as, <ex>cholesteric</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Cholesterin</h1>
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<hw>Cho*les"ter*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bile + <?/ stiff fat: F. <ets>cholest\'82rine</ets>. See <er>Stearin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, fatty, crystalline substance, tasteless and odorless, found in animal and plant products and tissue, and especially in nerve tissue, in the bile, and in gallstones.</def>

<h1>Choliamb, Choliambic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cho"li*amb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cho`li*am"bic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>choliambus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ lame + <?/ an iambus.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A verse having an iambus in the fifth place, and a spondee in the sixth or last.</def>

<h1>Cholic, Cholinic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Chol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cho*lin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, from <?/ bile.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, the bile.</def>

<cs><col>Cholic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a complex organic acid found as a natural constituent of taurocholic and glycocholic acids in the bile, and extracted as a resinous substance, convertible under the influence of ether into white crystals.</cd></cs>

<h1>Choline</h1>
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<hw>Cho"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bile.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Neurine</er>.</def>

<h1>Cholochrome</h1>
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<hw>Chol"o*chrome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, bile + <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bilirubin</er>.</def>

<h1>Choloph\'91in</h1>
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<hw>Chol`o*ph\'91"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, bile + <?/ dusky.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bilirubin</er>.</def>

<h1>Choltry</h1>
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<hw>Chol"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Hindoo caravansary.</def>

<h1>Chomp</h1>
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<hw>Chomp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To chew loudly and greedily; to champ.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Chondrification</h1>
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<hw>Chon`dri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Formation of, or conversion into, cartilage.</def>

<h1>Chondrify</h1>
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<hw>Chon"dri*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cartilage + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To convert, or be converted, into cartilage.</def>

<h1>Chondrigen</h1>
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<hw>Chon"dri*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cartilage + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>The chemical basis of cartilage, converted by long boiling in water into a gelatinous body called chondrin.</def>

<h1>Chondrigenous</h1>
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<hw>Chon*drig"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cartilage + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Affording chondrin.</def>

<h1>Chondrin</h1>
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<hw>Chon"drin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cartilage.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, amorphous, nitrogenous substance, tasteless and odorless, formed from cartilaginous tissue by long-continued action of boiling water. It is similar to gelatin, and is a large ingredient of commercial gelatin.</def>

<h1>Chondrite</h1>
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<hw>Chon"drite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a grain (of wheat or spelt), cartilage.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A meteoric stone characterized by the presence of chondrules.</def>

<h1>Chondritic</h1>
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<hw>Chon*drit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Granular; pertaining to, or having the granular structure characteristic of, the class of meteorites called chondrites.</def>

<h1>Chondritis</h1>
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<hw>Chon*dri"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ cartilage + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inflammation of cartilage.</def>

<h1>Chondro-</h1>
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<hw>Chon"dro-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ a grain (of wheat or spelt), cartilage.]</ety> <def>A combining form meaning <i>a grain</i>, <i>granular</i>, <i>granular cartilage</i>, <i>cartilaginous</i>; <as>as, the <ex>chondro</ex>cranium, the cartilaginous skull of the lower vertebrates and of embryos</as>.</def>

<h1>Chondrodite</h1>
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<hw>Chon"dro*dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a grain (of wheat or spelt), cartilage.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A fluosilicate of magnesia and iron, yellow to red in color, often occurring in granular form in a crystalline limestone.</def>

<h1>Chondroganoidea</h1>
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<hw>Chon`dro*ga*noi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ cartilage + NL. <ets>ganoidei</ets>. See <er>Ganoid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of ganoid fishes, including the sturgeons; -- so called on account of their cartilaginous skeleton.</def>

<h1>Chondrogen</h1>
<Xpage=251>

<hw>Chon"dro*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cartilage + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Chondrigen</er>.</def>

<h1>Chondrogenesis</h1>
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<hw>Chon`dro*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cartilage + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The development of cartilage.</def>

<h1>Chondroid</h1>
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<hw>Chon"droid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cartilage + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling cartilage.</def>

<h1>Chondrology</h1>
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<hw>Chon*drol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cartilage + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>chondrologie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The science which treats of cartilages.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Chondroma</h1>
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<hw>Chon*dro"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chondromata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ cartilage + <ets>-oma</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cartilaginous tumor or growth.</def>

<h1>Chondrometer</h1>
<Xpage=251>

<hw>Chon*drom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a grain (of wheat or spelt), cartilage + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>A steelyard for weighting grain.</def>

<h1>Chondropterygian</h1>
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<hw>Chon*drop`ter*yg"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chondropterygien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a cartilaginous skeleton.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Chondropterygii.</def></def2>

<h1>Chondropterygii</h1>
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<hw>Chon*drop`te*ryg"i*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ cartilage + <?/, <?/, wing, fin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of fishes, characterized by cartilaginous fins and skeleton. It includes both ganoids (sturgeons, etc.) and selachians (sharks), but is now often restricted to the latter.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Chondropterygia</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Chondrostei</h1>
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<hw>Chon*dros"te*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ cartilage + <?/ bone.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes, including the sturgeons; -- so named because the skeleton is cartilaginous.</def>

<h1>Chondrotomy</h1>
<Xpage=251>

<hw>Chon*drot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ a cutting.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The dissection of cartilages.</def>

<h1>Chondrule</h1>
<Xpage=251>

<hw>Chon"drule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. from Gr. <?/ a grain (of wheat or spelt), cartilage.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A peculiar rounded granule of some mineral, usually enstatite or chrysolite, found imdedded more or less aboundantly in the mass of many meteoric stones, which are hence called <i>chondrites</i>.</def>

<h1>Choose</h1>
<Xpage=251>

<hw>Choose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Chose</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Chosen</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Chose</er> (Obs.); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Choosing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>chesen</ets>, <ets>cheosen</ets>, AS. <ets>ce\'a2san</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>kiosan</ets>, D. <ets>kiezen</ets>, G. <ets>kiesen</ets>, Icel. <ets>kj\'d3sa</ets>, Goth. <ets>kiusan</ets>, L. <ets>gustare</ets> to taste, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>jush</ets> to enjoy. \'fb46. Cf. <er>Choice</er>, 2d <er>Gust</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make choice of; to select; to take by way of preference from two or more objects offered; to elect; <as>as, to <ex>choose</ex> the least of two evils</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Choose</b> me for a humble friend.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wish; to desire; to prefer.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>The landlady now returned to know if we did not <b>choose</b> a more genteel apartment.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To choose sides</col>. <cd>See under <er>Side</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. - To select; prefer; elect; adopt; follow.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Choose</er>, <er>Prefer</er>, <er>Elect</er>. To <i>choose</i> is the generic term, and denotes to take or fix upon by an act of the will, especially in accordance with a decision of the judgment. To <i>prefer</i> is to choose or favor one thing as compared with, and more desirable than, another, or more in accordance with one's tastes and feelings. To <i>elect</i> is to choose or select for some office, employment, use, privilege, etc., especially by the concurrent vote or voice of a sufficient number of electors. To <i>choose</i> a profession; to <i>prefer</i> private life to a public one; to <i>elect</i> members of Congress.</usage>

<h1>Choose</h1>
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<hw>Choose</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a selection; to decide.</def>

<blockquote>They had only to <b>choose</b> between implicit obedience and open rebellion.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To do otherwise.</def> "Can I <i>choose</i> but smile?"

<i>Pope.</i>

<cs><col>Can not choose but</col>, <cd>must necessarily.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Thou <b>canst not choose but</b> know who I am.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chooser</h1>
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<hw>Choos"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who chooses; one who has the power or right of choosing; an elector.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Chop</h1>
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<hw>Chop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chopped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chopping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. LG. & D. <ets>kappen</ets>, Dan. <ets>kappe</ets>, Sw. <ets>kappa</ets>. Cf. <er>Chap</er> to crack.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut by striking repeatedly with a sharp instrument; to cut into pieces; to mince; -- often with <i>up</i>.</def>

<hr>
<page="252">
Page 252<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sever or separate by one more blows of a sharp instrument; to divide; -- usually with <i>off</i> or <i>down</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Chop</b> off your hand, and it to the king.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To seize or devour greedily; -- with <i>up</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Upon the opening of his mouth he drops his breakfast, which the fox presently <b>chopped</b> up.
<i>L'estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chop</h1>
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<hw>Chop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a quick strike, or repeated strokes, with an ax or other sharp instrument.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To do something suddenly with an unexpected motion; to catch or attempt to seize.</def>

<blockquote>Out of greediness to get both, he <b>chops</b> at the shadow, and loses the substance.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To interrupt; -- with <i>in</i> or <i>out</i>.</def>

<blockquote>This fellow interrupted the sermon, even suddenly <b>chopping</b> in.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chop</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Chop</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>koopen</ets> to buy. See <er>Cheapen</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Chap</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, to buy.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To barter or truck.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exchange; substitute one thing for another.</def>

<blockquote>We go on <b>chopping</b> and changing our friends.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To chop logic</col>, <cd>to dispute with an affected use of logical terms; to argue sophistically.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chop</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Chop</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To purchase by way of truck.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To vary or shift suddenly; <as>as, the wind <ex>chops</ex> about</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To wrangle; to altercate; to bandy words.</def>

<blockquote>Let not the counsel at the bar <b>chop</b> with the judge.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chop</h1>
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<hw>Chop</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A change; a vicissitude.</def>

<i>Marryat.</i>

<h1>Chop</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Chop</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To crack. See <er>Chap</er>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt></def>

<h1>Chop</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Chop</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of chopping; a stroke.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece chopped off; a slice or small piece, especially of meat; <as>as, a mutton <ex>chop</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A crack or cleft. See <er>Chap</er>.</def>

<h1>Chop</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Chop</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chap</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A jaw of an animal; -- commonly in the <pluf>pl.</pluf> See <er>Chops</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A movable jaw or cheek, as of a wooden vise.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The land at each side of the mouth of a river, harbor, or channel; <as>as, East <ex>Chop</ex> or West <ex>Chop</ex></as>. See <er>Chops</er>.</def>

<h1>Chop</h1>
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<hw>Chop</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Chin. & Hind. <ets>ch\'bep</ets> stamp, brand.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Quality; brand; <as>as, silk of the first <ex>chop</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A permit or clearance.</def>

<cs><col>Chop dollar</col>, <cd>a silver dollar stamped to attest its purity.</cd> -- <col>chop of tea</col>, <cd>a number of boxes of the same make and quality of leaf.</cd> -- <col>Chowchow chop</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chowchow</er>.</cd> -- <col>Grand chop</col>, <cd>a ship's port clearance.</cd></cs>

<i>S. W. Williams.</i>

<h1>Chopboat</h1>
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<hw>Chop"boat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Chin. <ets>chop</ets> sort, quality.]</ety> <def>A licensed lighter employed in the transportation of goods to and from vessels.</def> <mark>[China]</mark>

<i>S. W. Williams.</i>

<h1>Chopchurch</h1>
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<hw>Chop"church`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chop</er> to barter.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>An exchanger or an exchange of benefices.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<h1>Chopfallen</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Chop`fall`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the lower chop or jaw depressed; hence, crestfallen; dejected; dispirited;downcast. See <er>Chapfallen</er>.</def>

<h1>Chophouse</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Chop"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house where chops, etc., are sold; an eating house.</def>

<blockquote>The freedom of a <b>chophouse</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chophouse</h1>
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<hw>Chop"house`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chop</er> quality.]</ety> <def>A customhouse where transit duties are levied.</def> <mark>[China]</mark>

<i>S. W. Williams.</i>

<h1>Chopin</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Chop"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chopine</ets>, fr. G. <ets>schoppen</ets>.]</ety> <def>A liquid measure formerly used in France and Great Britain, varying from half a pint to a wine quart.</def>

<h1>Chopin</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Chop"in</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Chopine</er>.</def>

<h1>Chopine</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Cho*pine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>chapin</ets>, <ets>escapin</ets>, Sp. <ets>chapin</ets>, Pg. <ets>chapim</ets>.]</ety> <def>A clog, or patten, having a very thick sole, or in some cases raised upon a stilt to a height of a foot or more.</def> <altsp>[Variously spelt <asp>chioppine</asp>, <asp>chopin</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Your ladyship is nearer to heaven than when I saw you last, by the altitude of a <b>chopine</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chop-logic</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Chop"-log`ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who bandies words or is very argunentative.</def> <mark>[Jocular]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Chopness</h1>
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<hw>Chop"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of spade.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Chopper</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Chop"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, chops.</def>

<h1>Chopping</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Chop"ping</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chubby</er>.]</ety> <def>Stout or plump; large.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fenton.</i>

<h1>Chopping</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Chop"ping</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chop</er> to barter.]</ety> <def>Shifting or changing suddenly, as the wind; also, having tumbling waves dashing against each other; <as>as, a <ex>chopping</ex> sea</as>.</def>

<h1>Chopping</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Chop"ping</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of cutting by strokes.</def>

<cs><col>Chopping block</col>, <cd>a solid block of wood on which butchers and others chop meat, etc.</cd> -- <col>Chopping knife</col>, <cd>a knife for chopping or mincing meat, vegetables, etc.; -- usually with a handle at the back of the blade instead of at the end.</cd></cs>

<h1>Choppy</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Chop"py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chappy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of cracks.</def> "<i>Choppy</i> finger."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chop</er> a change.]</ety> <def>Rough, with short, tumultuous waves; <as>as, a <ex>choppy</ex> sea</as>.</def>

<h1>Chops</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Chops</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chop</er> a jaw.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The jaws; also, the fleshy parts about the mouth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sides or capes at the mouth of a river, channel, harbor, or bay; <as>as, the <ex>chops</ex> of the English Channel</as>.</def>

<h1>Chopstrick</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Chop"strick"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of two small sticks of wood, ivory, etc., used by the Chinese and Japanese to convey food to the mouth.</def>

<h1>Choragic</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Cho*rag"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a choragus.</def>

<cs><col>Choragic monument</col>, <cd>a building or column built by a victorious choragus for the reception and exhibition of the tripod which he received as a prize. Those of Lysicrates and Thrasyllus are still to be seen at Athens.</cd></cs>

<h1>Choragus</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Cho*ra"gus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Choragi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ chorus + <?/ to lead.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A chorus leader; esp. one who provided at his own expense and under his own supervision one of the choruses for the musical contents at Athens.</def>

<h1>Choral</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Cho"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>choralis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>chorus</ets>. See <er>Chorus</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a choir or chorus; singing, sung, or adapted to be sung, in chorus or harmony.</def>

<cs><col>Choral service</col>, <cd>a service of song.</cd></cs>

<h1>Choral</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Cho"ral</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A hymn tune; a simple sacred tune, sung in unison by the congregation; <as>as, the Lutheran <ex>chorals</ex></as>.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes written <asp>chorale</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Choralist</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Cho"ral*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A singer or composer of chorals.</def>

<h1>Chorally</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Cho"ral*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a chorus; adapted to be sung by a choir; in harmony.</def>

<h1>Chord</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Chord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L <ets>chorda</ets> a gut, a string made of a gut, Gr. <?/. In the sense of a string or small rope, in general, it is written <ets>cord</ets>. See <er>Cord</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The string of a musical instrument.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A combination of tones simultaneously performed, producing more or less perfect harmony, <as>as, the common <ex>chord</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A right line uniting the extremities of the arc of a circle or curve.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A cord. See <er>Cord</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>The upper or lower part of a truss, usually horizontal, resisting compression or tension.</def>

<i>Waddell.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Accidental</col>, <col>Common</col>, <i>and</i> <col>Vocal chords</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Accidental</er>, <er>Common</er>, and <er>Vocal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chord of an arch</col>. <cd>See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Arch</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chord of curvature</col>, <cd>a chord drawn from any point of a curve, in the circle of curvature for that point.</cd> -- <col>Scale of chords</col>. <cd>See <er>Scale</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chord</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Chord</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chorded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chording</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To provide with musical chords or strings; to string; to tune.</def>

<blockquote>When Jubal struck the <b>chorded</b> shell.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Even the solitary old pine tree <b>chords</b> his harp.
<i>Beecher.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chord</h1>
<Xpage=252>

<hw>Chord</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To accord; to harmonize together; <as>as, this note <ex>chords</ex> with that</as>.</def>

<h1>Chorda</h1>
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<hw>Chor"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>chorda</ets>. See <er>Chord</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A cord.</def>

<cs><col>Chorda dorsalis</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[NL., lit., cord of the back.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Notochord</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chordal</h1>
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<hw>Chor"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a chord.</def>

<h1>Chordata</h1>
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<hw>Chor*da"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>chorda</ets> cord.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A comprehensive division of animals including all Vertebrata together with the Tunicata, or all those having a dorsal nervous cord.</def>

<h1>Chordee</h1>
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<hw>Chor*dee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cord\'82</ets>, <ets>cord\'82e</ets>, p. p. of <ets>corder</ets> to cord.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A painful erection of the penis, usually with downward curvature, occurring in gonorrhea.</def>

<h1>Chore</h1>
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<hw>Chore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The same word as <ets>char</ets> work done by the day.]</ety> <def>A small job; in the <pluf>pl.</pluf>, the regular or daily light work of a household or farm, either within or without doors.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Chore</h1>
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<hw>Chore</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Choring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To do chores.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Chore</h1>
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<hw>Chore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A choir or chorus.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Chorea</h1>
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<hw>Cho*re"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ dance.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>St. Vitus's dance; a disease attended with convulsive twitchings and other involuntary movements of the muscles or limbs.</def>

<h1>Choree</h1>
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<hw>Cho*ree"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chor\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Choreus</er>.</def>

<h1>Choregraphic, Choregraphical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cho`re*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cho`re*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to choregraphy.</def>

<h1>Choregraphy</h1>
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<hw>Cho*reg"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[GR. <?/ d<?/nce + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of representing dancing by signs, as music is represented by notes.</def>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>Choreic</h1>
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<hw>Cho*re"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of, or pertaining to, chorea; convulsive.</def>

<h1>Chorepiscopal</h1>
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<hw>Cho`re*pis"co*pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a chorepiscopus or his change or authority.</def>

<h1>Chorepiscopus</h1>
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<hw>Cho`re*pis"co*pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chorepiscopi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, place, country + <?/ bishop. Cf. <er>Bishop</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A "country" or suffragan bishop, appointed in the ancient church by a diocesan bishop to exercise episcopal jurisdiction in a rural district.</def>

<mhw><h1>Choreus, Choree</h1>
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<hw>Cho*re"us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cho*ree"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>choreus</ets>, Gr. <?/, prop. an adj. meaning belonging to a chorus; cf. F. <ets>chor\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Pros.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>a trochee.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tribrach.</def></def>

<h1>Choriamb</h1>
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<hw>Cho"ri*amb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Choriambs</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Same as <er>Choriambus</er>.</def>

<h1>Choriambic</h1>
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<hw>Cho`ri*am"bic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>choriambicus</ets>, gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a choriamb.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A choriamb.</def></def2>

<h1>Choriambus</h1>
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<hw>Cho`ri*am"bus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Choriambi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Choriambuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>choriambus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ a choreus + <?/ iambus.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Pros.)</fld> <def>A foot consisting of four syllables, of which the first and last are long, and the other short (- \'de \'de -); that is, a choreus, or trochee, and an iambus united.</def>

<h1>Choric</h1>
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<hw>Cho"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>choricus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a chorus.</def>

<blockquote>I remember a <b>choric</b> ode in the Hecuba.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chorion</h1>
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<hw>Cho"ri*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The outer membrane which invests the fetus in the womb; also, the similar membrane investing many ova at certain stages of development.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The true skin, or cutis.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The outer membrane of seeds of plants.</def>

<h1>Chorisis</h1>
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<hw>Cho"ri*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ separation.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The separation of a leaf or floral organ into two more parts.</def>

<note>&hand; In <i>collateral chorisis</i> the parts are side by side. -- In <i>parallel</i> or <i>median chorisis</i> they are one in front of another.</note>

<h1>Chorist</h1>
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<hw>Cho"rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>choriste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A singer in a choir; a chorister.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Chorister</h1>
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<hw>Chor"is*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chorus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of a choir; a singer in a chorus.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who leads a choir in church music.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Choristic</h1>
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<hw>Cho*ris"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Choric; choral.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Chorograph</h1>
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<hw>Cho"ro*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ place + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for constructing triangles in marine surveying, etc.</def>

<h1>Chorographer</h1>
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<hw>Cho*rog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who describes or makes a map of a district or region.</def> "The <i>chorographers</i> of Italy."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A geographical antiquary; one who investigates the locality of ancient places.</def>

<h1>Chorographical</h1>
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<hw>Cho`ro*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to chorography.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Cho`ro*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Chorography</h1>
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<hw>Cho*rog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>chorographia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ place + <?/ to describe.]</ety> <def>the mapping or description of a region or district.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>chorography</b> of their provinces.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Choroid</h1>
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<hw>Cho"roid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[gr. <?/; <?/ chorion + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>resembling the chorion; <as>as, the <ex>choroid</ex> plexuses of the ventricles of the brain, and the <ex>choroid</ex> coat of the eyeball</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The choroid coat of the eye. See <er>Eye</er>.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Choroid plexus</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one of the delicate fringelike processes, consisting almost entirely of blood vessels, which project into the ventricles of the brain.</cd></cs>

<h1>Choroidal</h1>
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<hw>Cho*roid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the choroid coat.</def>

<h1>Chorology</h1>
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<hw>Cho*rol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ place + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The science which treats of the laws of distribution of living organisms over the earth's surface as to latitude, altitude, locality, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Its distribution or <b>chorology</b>.
<i>Huxley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chorometry</h1>
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<hw>Cho*rom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ place + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of surveying a region or district.</def>

<h1>Chorus</h1>
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<hw>Cho"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Choruses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., a dance in a ring, a dance accompanied with song; a chorus, a band of dancers and singers. Gr. <?/. See <er>Choir</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A band of singers and dancers.</def>

<blockquote>The Grecian tragedy was at first nothing but a <b>chorus</b> of singers.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gr. Drama)</fld> <def>A company of persons supposed to behold what passed in the acts of a tragedy, and to sing the sentiments which the events suggested in couplets or verses between the acts; also, that which was thus sung by the chorus.</def>

<blockquote>What the lofty, grave tragedians taught
In <b>chorus</b> or iambic.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An interpreter in a dumb show or play.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A company of singers singing in concert.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A composition of two or more parts, each of which is intended to be sung by a number of voices.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Parts of a song or hymn recurring at intervals, as at the end of stanzas; also, a company of singers who join with the singer or choir in singer or choir in singing such parts.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The simultaneous of a company in any noisy demonstration; <as>as, a <ex>Chorus</ex> of shouts and catcalls</as>.</def>

<h1>Chorus</h1>
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<hw>Cho"rus</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chorused</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chorusing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To sing in chorus; to exclaim simultaneously.</def>

<i>W. D. Howells.</i>

<h1>Chose</h1>
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<hw>Chose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Choses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>causa</ets> cause, reason. See <er>Cause</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A thing; personal property.</def>

<cs><col>Chose in action</col>, <cd>a thing of which one has not possession or actual enjoyment, but only a right to it, or a right to demand it by action at law, and which does not exist at the time in specie; a personal right to a thing not reduced to possession, but recoverable by suit at law; as a right to recover money due on a contract, or damages for a tort, which can not be enforced against a reluctant party without suit.</cd> -- <col>Chose in possession</col>, <cd>a thing in possession, as distinguished from a thing <i>in action<i>.</cd> -- <col>Chose local</col>, <cd>a thing annexed to a place, as a mill.</cd> -- <col>Chose transitory</col>, <cd>a thing which is movable.</cd>

<i>Cowell. Blount.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Chose</h1>
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<hw>Chose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Choose</er>.</def>

<h1>Chosen</h1>
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<hw>Cho"sen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <mord>of <er>Choose</er></mord>. <def>Selected from a number; picked out; choice.</def>

<blockquote>Seven hundred <b>chosen</b> men left-handed.
<i>Judg. xx. 16.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chosen</h1>
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<hw>Cho"sen</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which is the object of choice or special favor.</def>

<h1>Chouan</h1>
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<hw>Chou"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>One of the royalist insurgents in western France (Brittany, etc.), during and after the French revolution.</def>

<h1>Chough</h1>
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<hw>Chough</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>choughe</ets>, <ets>kowe</ets> (and cf. OE. <ets>ca</ets>), fr. AS. <ets>ce\'a2</ets>; cf. also D. <ets>kauw</ets>, OHG. <ets>ch\'beha</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>caw</ets>. \'fb22. Cf. <er>Caddow</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of the Crow family (<spn>Fregilus graculus</spn>) of Europe. It is of a black color, with a long, slender, curved bill and red legs; -- also called <altname>chauk</altname>, <altname>chauk-daw</altname>, <altname>chocard</altname>, <altname>Cornish chough</altname>, <altname>red-legged crow</altname>. The name is also applied to several allied birds, as the <altname>Alpine chough</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Cornish chough</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a bird represented black, with red feet, and beak; -- called also <altname>aylet</altname> and <altname>sea swallow</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chouicha</h1>
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<hw>Chou"i*cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The salmon of the Columbia River or California. See <er>Quinnat</er>.</def>

<h1>Chouka</h1>
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<hw>Chou"ka</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Indian four-horned antelope; the chikara.</def>

<h1>Choule</h1>
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<hw>Choule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Jowl</er>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Choultry</h1>
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<hw>Choul"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Choltry</er>.</def>

<h1>Chouse</h1>
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<hw>Chouse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Choused</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chousing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From Turk. <ets>ch\'be\'d4sh</ets> a messenger or interpreter, one of whom, attached to the Turkish embassy, in 1609 cheated the Turkish merchants resident in England out of \'9c4,000.]</ety> <def>To cheat, trick, defraud; -- followed by <i>of</i>, or <i>out of</i>; <as>as, to <ex>chouse</ex> one out of his money</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>The undertaker of the afore-cited poesy hath <b>choused</b> your highness.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chouse</h1>
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<hw>Chouse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is easily cheated; a tool; a simpleton; a gull.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A trick; sham; imposition.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A swindler.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Chout</h1>
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<hw>Chout</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Mahratta <ets>chauth</ets> one fourth part.]</ety> <def>An assessment equal to a fourth part of the revenue.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<i>J. Mill.</i>

<h1>Chowchow</h1>
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<hw>Chow"chow`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Chin.]</ety> <def>Consisting of several kinds mingled together; mixed; <as>as, <ex>chowchow</ex> sweetmeats (preserved fruits put together)</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="253">
Page 253<p>

<cs><col>Chowchow chop</col>, <cd>the last lighter containing the small sundry packages sent off to fill up a ship.</cd></cs>

<i>S. W. Williams.</i>

<h1>Chowchow</h1>
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<hw>Chow"chow`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A kind of mixed pickles.</def>

<h1>Chowder</h1>
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<hw>Chow"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chaudi\'8are</ets> a kettle, a pot. Cf. <er>Caldron</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A dish made of fresh fish or clams, biscuit, onions, etc., stewed together.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A seller of fish.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<cs><col>Chowder beer</col>, <cd>a liquor made by boiling black spruce in water and mixing molasses with the decoction.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chowder</h1>
<Xpage=253>

<hw>Chow"der</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a chowder of.</def>

<h1>Chowry</h1>
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<hw>Chow"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>chaunri</ets>.]</ety> <def>A whisk to keep off files, used in the East Indies.</def>

<i>Malcom.</i>

<h1>Chowter</h1>
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<hw>Chow"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>chowre</ets>, and Prov. E. <ets>chow</ets>, to grumble.]</ety> <def>To grumble or mutter like a froward child.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Phillips.</i>

<h1>Choy root</h1>
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<hw>Choy" root`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Chay root</er>.</def>

<h1>Chrematistics</h1>
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<hw>Chre`ma*tis"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ 9sc. <?/) the art of traffic, fr. <?/ goods, money, fr. <?/ to use.]</ety> <def>The science of wealth; the science, or a branch of the science, of political economy.</def>

<h1>Chreotechnics</h1>
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<hw>Chre`o*tech"nics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ useful + <?/ art.]</ety> <def>The science of the useful arts, esp. agriculture, manufactures, and commerce.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Chrestomathic</h1>
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<hw>Chres`to*math"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Teaching what is useful.</def> "A <i>chrestomathic</i> school."

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Chrestomathy</h1>
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<hw>Chres*tom"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ useful + <?/, <?/, to learn.]</ety> <def>A selection of passages, with notes, etc., to be used in acquiring a language; <as>as, a Hebrew <ex>chrestomathy</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Chrism</h1>
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<hw>Chrism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>crisme</ets>, from AS. <ets>crisma</ets>; also OE. <ets>creme</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>cresme</ets>, like the AS. word fr. LL. <ets>chrisma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to anoint; perh. akin to L. <ets>friare</ets>, <ets>fricare</ets>, to rub, Skr. <ets>gharsh</ets>, E. <ets>friable</ets>, <ets>friction</ets>. Cf. <er>Chrisom</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. & R. C. Church<?/s)</fld>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Olive oil mixed with balm and spices, consecrated by the bishop on Maundy Thursday, and used in the administration of baptism, confirmation, ordination, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The same as <er>Chrisom</er>.</def>

<h1>Chrismal</h1>
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<hw>Chris"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>chrismalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to or used in chrism.</def>

<h1>Chrismation</h1>
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<hw>Chris*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>chrismatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of applying the chrism, or consecrated oil.</def>

<blockquote><b>Chrismation</b> or cross-signing with ointment, was used in baptism.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chrismatory</h1>
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<hw>Chris"ma*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>chrismatorium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cruet or vessel in which chrism is kept.</def>

<h1>Chrisom</h1>
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<hw>Chris"om</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chrism</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A white cloth, anointed with chrism, or a white mantle thrown over a child when baptized or christened.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A child which died within a month after its baptism; -- so called from the chrisom cloth which was used as a shroud for it.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Christ</h1>
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<hw>Christ</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Christus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ anointed, fr. <grk>chri`ein</grk> to anoint. See <er>Chrism</er>.]</ety> <def><sc>The Anointed</sc>; an appellation given to Jesus, the Savior.  It is synonymous with the Hebrew <er>Messiah</er>.</def>

<h1>Christcross</h1>
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<hw>Christ"cross`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The mark of the cross, as cut, painted, written, or stamped on certain objects, -- sometimes as the sign of 12 o'clock on a dial.</def>

<blockquote>The fescue of the dial is upon the <b>christcross</b> of noon.
<i>Old Play.   Nares.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The beginning and the ending.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Quarles.</i>

<h1>Christcross-row</h1>
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<hw>Christ"cross-row`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def>The alphabet; -- formerly so called, either from the cross usually set before it, or from a superstitious custom, sometimes practiced, of writing it in the form of a cross, by way of a charm.</def>

<blockquote>From infant conning of the <b>Christcross-row</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Christen</h1>
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<hw>Chris"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Christened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Christening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>cristnian</ets> to make a Christian, fr. <ets>cristen</ets> a Christian.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To baptize and give a Christian name to.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give a name; to denominate.</def> "<i>Christen</i> the thing what you will."

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To Christianize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To use for the first time.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Christendom</h1>
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<hw>Chris"ten*dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cristend<?/m</ets>; <ets>cristen</ets> a Christian + <ets>-dom</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The profession of faith in Christ by baptism; hence, the Christian religion, or the adoption of it.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The name received at baptism; or, more generally, any name or appelation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Pretty, fond, adoptious <b>christendoms</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That portion of the world in which Christianity prevails, or which is governed under Christian institutions, in distinction from heathen or Mohammedan lands.</def>

<blockquote>The Arian doctrine which then divided <b>Christendom</b>.
<i>Milton</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A wide and still widening <b>Christendom</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The whole body of Christians.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Christian</h1>
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<hw>Chris"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>christianus</ets>, Gr. <?/; cf. AS. <ets>cristen</ets>. See <er>Christ</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who believes, or professes or is assumed to believe, in Jesus Christ, and the truth as taught by Him; especially, one whose inward and outward life is conformed to the doctrines of Christ.</def>

<blockquote>The disciples were called <b>Christians</b> first in Antioch.
<i>Acts xi. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One born in a Christian country or of Christian parents, and who has not definitely becomes an adherent of an opposing system.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of a Christian denomination which rejects human creeds as bases of fellowship, and sectarian names. They are congregational in church government, and baptize by immersion. They are also called <altname>Disciples of Christ</altname>, and <altname>Campbellites</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of a sect (called <altname>Christian Connection</altname>) of open-communion immersionists. The Bible is their only authoritative rule of faith and practice.</def>

<note>&hand; In this sense, often pronounced, but not by the members of the sects, <tt>kr\'c6s"ch<it>a</it>n</tt>.</note>

<h1>Christian</h1>
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<hw>Chris"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to Christ or his religion; <as>as, <ex>Christian</ex> people</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pertaining to the church; ecclesiastical; <as>as, a <ex>Christian</ex> court</as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Characteristic of Christian people; civilized; kind; kindly; gentle; beneficent.</def>

<blockquote>The graceful tact; the <b>Christian</b> art.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Christian Commission</col>. <cd>See under <er>Commission</er>.</cd> -- <col>Christian court</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Ecclesiastical court</er>.</cd> -- <col>Christian era</col>, <cd>the present era, commencing with the birth of Christ. It is supposed that owing to an error of a monk (Dionysius Exiguus, d. about 556) employed to calculate the era, its commencement was fixed three or four years too late, so that 1890 should be 1893 or 1894.</cd> -- <col>Christian name</col>, <cd>the name given in baptism, as distinct from the family name, or surname.</cd></cs>

<h1>Christianism</h1>
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<hw>Chris`tian*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>christianismus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>christianisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The Christian religion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The Christian world; Christendom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson</i>

<h1>Christianite</h1>
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<hw>Chris"tian*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[In sense (<ets>a</ets>) named after <ets>Christian</ets> Frederic, of Denmark; in sense (<ets>b</ets>) after <ets>Christian</ets> VII., of Denmark.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Anorthite</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>See <er>Phillipsite</er>.</def>

<h1>Christianity</h1>
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<hw>Chris*tian"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cristiente</ets>, OF. <ets>cristient\'82</ets>, F. <ets>chr\'82tient\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>christianitas</ets>. ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The religion of Christians; the system of doctrines and precepts taught by Christ.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Practical conformity of one's inward and outward life to the spirit of the Christian religion</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The body of Christian believers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To Walys fled the <b>christianitee</b>
Of olde Britons.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Christianization</h1>
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<hw>Chris`tian*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of converting or being converted to a true Christianity.</def>

<h1>Christianize</h1>
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<hw>Chris"tian*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Christianized</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. vb. n.</tt> <er>Christianizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>christianiser</ets>, L. <ets>christianizare</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make Christian; to convert to Christianity; as, to <i>Christianize</i> pagans.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To imbue with or adapt to Christian principles.</def>

<blockquote><b>Christianized</b> philosophers.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Christianize</h1>
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<hw>Chris"tian*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To adopt the character or belief of a Christian; to become Christian.</def>

<blockquote>The pagans began to <b>Christianize</b>.
<i>Latham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Christianlike</h1>
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<hw>Chris"tian*like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Becoming to a Christian.</def>

<blockquote>A virtuous and a <b>Christianlike</b> conclusion.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Christianly</h1>
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<hw>Chris"tian*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner becoming the principles of the Christian religion.</def>

<blockquote>Sufferings . . . patiently and <b>Christianly</b> borne.
<i>Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Christianly</h1>
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<hw>Chris"tian*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Christianlike.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Christianness</h1>
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<hw>Chris"tian*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Consonance with the doctrines of Christianity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Christless</h1>
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<hw>Christ"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without faith in Christ; unchristian.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Christlike</h1>
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<hw>Christ"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling Christ in character, actions, etc.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Christ"like`ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Christly</h1>
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<hw>Christ"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Christlike.</def>

<i>H. Bushnell.</i>

<h1>Christmas</h1>
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<hw>Christ"mas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Christ</ets> + <ets>mass</ets>.]</ety> <def>An annual church festival (December 25) and in some States a legal holiday, in memory of the birth of Christ, often celebrated by a particular church service, and also by special gifts, greetings, and hospitality.</def>

<cs><col>Christmas box</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A box in which presents are deposited at Christmas.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A present or small gratuity given to young people and servants at Christmas; a Christmas gift.</cd></cd> -- <col>Christmas carol</col>, <cd>a carol sung at, or suitable for, Christmas.</cd> -- <col>Christmas day</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Christmas</er>.</cd> -- <col>Christmas eve</col>, <cd>the evening before Christmas.</cd> -- <col>Christmas fern</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an evergreen North American fern (<spn>Aspidium acrostichoides</spn>), which is much used for decoration in winter.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Christmas flower</col>, <col>Christmas rose</col></mcol>, <cd>the black hellebore, a poisonous plant of the buttercup family, which in Southern Europe often produces beautiful roselike flowers midwinter.</cd> -- <col>Christmas tree</col>, <cd>a small evergreen tree, set up indoors, to be decorated with bonbons, presents, etc., and illuminated on Christmas eve.</cd></cs>

<h1>Christmastide</h1>
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<hw>Christ"mas*tide`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Christmas</ets> + <ets>tide</ets> time.]</ety> <def>The season of Christmas.</def>

<h1>Christocentric</h1>
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<hw>Chris"to*cen"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Christ</ets> + <ets>centric</ets>.]</ety> <def>Making Christ the center, about whom all things are grouped, as in religion or history; tending toward Christ, as the central object of thought or emotion.</def>

<i>J. W. Chadwick.</i>

<h1>Christology</h1>
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<hw>Chris*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Crist</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on Christ; that department of theology which treats of the personality, attributes, or life of Christ.</def>

<h1>Christom</h1>
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<hw>Chris"tom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Chrisom</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Christophany</h1>
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<hw>Chris*toph"a*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Christ</ets> + Gr. <?/ to show.]</ety> <def>An appearance of Christ, as to his disciples after the crucifixion.</def>

<h1>Christ's-thorn</h1>
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<hw>Christ's-thorn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of several prickly or thorny shrubs found in Palestine, especially the <spn>Paliurus aculeatus</spn>, <spn>Zizyphus Spina-Christi</spn>, and <spn>Z. vulgaris</spn>. The last bears the fruit called <i>jujube</i>, and may be considered to have been the most readily obtainable for the Crown of Thorns.</def>

<h1>Chromascope</h1>
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<hw>Chro"ma*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ color + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for showing the optical effects of color.</def>

<h1>Chromate</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chromate</ets>. See <er>Chrome</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of chromic acid.</def>

<h1>Chromatic</h1>
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<hw>Chro*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>chromaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, suited for color, fr. <?/, <?/, color; akin to <?/ color, <?/ skin, color of the skin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to color, or to colors.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Proceeding by the smaller intervals (half steps or semitones) of the scale, instead of the regular intervals of the diatonic scale.</def>

<note>&hand; The intermediate tones were formerly written and printed in colors.</note>

<cs><col>Chromatic aberration</col>. <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Aberration</er>, <er>4</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chromatic printing</col>, <cd>printing from type or blocks covered with inks of various colors.</cd> -- <col>Chromatic scale</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the scale consisting of thirteen tones, including the eight scale tones and the five intermediate tones.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chromatical</h1>
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<hw>Chro*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Chromatic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chromatically</h1>
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<hw>Chro*mat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a chromatic manner.</def>

<h1>Chromatics</h1>
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<hw>Chro*mat"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of colors; that part of optics which treats of the properties of colors.</def>

<h1>Chromatin</h1>
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<hw>Chro"ma*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, color.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Tissue which is capable of being stained by dyes.</def>

<h1>Chromatism</h1>
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<hw>Chro"ma*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a coloring.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Optics)</fld> <def>The state of being colored, as in the case of images formed by a lens.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An abnormal coloring of plants.</def>

<h1>Chromatogenous</h1>
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<hw>Chro`ma*tog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, color + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing color.</def>

<h1>Chromatography</h1>
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<hw>Chro`ma*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, color + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on colors</def>

<h1>Chromatology</h1>
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<hw>Chro`ma*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, color + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on colors.</def>

<h1>Chromatophore</h1>
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<hw>Chro"ma*to*phore`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, color + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A contractile cell or vesicle containing liquid pigment and capable of changing its form or size, thus causing changes of color in the translucent skin of such animals as possess them. They are highly developed and numerous in the cephalopods.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the granules of protoplasm, which in mass give color to the part of the plant containing them.</def>

<h1>Chromatoscope</h1>
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<hw>Chro"ma*to*scope`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, color + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A reflecting telescope, part of which is made to rotate eccentrically, so as to produce a ringlike image of a star, instead of a point; -- used in studying the scintillation of the stars.</def>

<h1>Chromatosphere</h1>
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<hw>Chro"ma*to*sphere`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chromosphere.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Chromatrope</h1>
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<hw>Chro"ma*trope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ color + <?/ turn, rotation, <?/  tu turn.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for exhibiting certain chromatic effects of light (depending upon the persistence of vision and mixture of colors) by means of rapidly rotating disks variously colored.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A device in a magic lantern or stereopticon to produce kaleidoscopic effects.</def>

<h1>Chromatype</h1>
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<hw>Chro"ma*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ color + <?/ type.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A colored photographic picture taken upon paper made sensitive with potassium bichromate or some other salt of chromium.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The process by which such picture is made.</def>

<h1>Chrome</h1>
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<hw>Chrome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Chromium</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Chrome alum</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a dark violet substance, <chform>(SO4)3Cr2.K2SO4.24H2O</chform>, analogous to, and crystallizing like, common alum. It is regarded as a double sulphate of chromium and potassium.</cd> -- <col>Chrome green</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The green oxide of chromium, <chform>Cr2O3</chform>, used in enamel painting, and glass staining.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A pigment made by mixing chrome yellow with Prussian blue.</cd> -- <col>Chrome red</col>, <cd>a beautiful red pigment originally prepared from the basic chromate of lead, but now made from red oxide of lead.</cd> -- <col>Chrome yellow</col>, <cd>a brilliant yellow pigment, <chform>PbCrO4</chform>, used by painters.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chromic</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, chromium; -- said of the compounds of chromium in which it has its higher valence.</def>

<cs><col>Chromic acid</col>, <cd>an acid, <chform>H2CrO4</chform>, analogous to sulphuric acid, not readily obtained in the free state, but forming well known salts, many of which are colored pigments, as chrome yellow, chrome red, etc.</cd> -- <col>Chromic anhydride</col>, <cd>a brilliant red crystalline substance, <chform>CrO3</chform>, regarded as the anhydride of chromic acid. It is one of the most powerful oxidizers known.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chromid</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a kind of fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the <spn>Chromid\'91</spn>, a family of fresh-water fishes abundant in the tropical parts of America and Africa. Some are valuable food fishes, as the <stype>bulti</stype> of the Nile.</def>

<h1>Chromidrosis</h1>
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<hw>Chro`mi*dro"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ color + <?/ sweat.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Secretion of abnormally colored perspiration.</def>

<h1>Chromism</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Chromatism</er>.</def>

<h1>Chromite</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A black submetallic mineral consisting of oxide of chromium and iron; -- called also <altname>chromic iron</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound or salt of chromous hydroxide regarded as an acid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Chromium</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A comparatively rare element occurring most abundantly in the mineral chromite. Atomic weight 52.5.  Symbol Cr.  When isolated it is a hard, brittle, grayish white metal, fusible with difficulty. Its chief commercial importance is for its compounds, as potassium chromate, lead chromate, etc., which are brilliantly colored and are used dyeing and calico printing. Called also <altname>chrome</altname>.</def>
<-- used as an ingredient in stainless steel, or chrome steel.   The yellow pigments are also used in paints, as in painting yellow stripes on macadam highways. -->

<h1>Chromo</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chromos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Abbrev. from <ets>chromo</ets>lithograph.]</ety> <def>A chromolithograph.</def>

<h1>Chromoblast</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mo*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ color + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <def>An embryonic cell which develops into a pigment cell.</def>

<h1>Chromogen</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mo*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[Gr. <?/ color + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Vegetable coloring matter other than green; chromule.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any colored compound, supposed to contain one or more chromophores.</def>

<h1>Chromogenic</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mo*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Containing, or capable of forming, chromogen; <as>as, <ex>chromogenic</ex> bacteria</as>.</def>

<h1>Chromograph</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mo*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ color + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An apparatus by which a number of copies of written matter, maps, plans, etc., can be made; -- called also <altname>hectograph</altname>.</def>

<hr>
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<h1>Chromoleucite</h1>
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<hw>Chro`mo*leu"cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ color + E. <ets>leucite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A chromoplastid.</def>

<h1>Chromolithograph</h1>
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<hw>Chro`mo*lith"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ color + E. <ets>lithograph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A picture printed in tints and colors by repeated impressions from a series of stones prepared by the lithographic process.</def>

<h1>Chromolithographer</h1>
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<hw>Chro`mo*li*thog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is engaged in chromolithography.</def>

<h1>Chromolithographic</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mo*lith`o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or made by, chromolithography.</def>

<h1>Chromolithohraphy</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mo*li*thoh"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Lithography adapted to printing in inks of various colors.</def>

<h1>Chromophane</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mo*phane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ color + <?/ to show.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A general name for the several coloring matters, red, green, yellow, etc., present in the inner segments in the cones of the retina, held in solution by fats, and slowly decolorized by light; distinct from the photochemical pigments of the rods of the retina.</def>

<h1>Chromophore</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mo*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ color + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any chemical group or residue (as NO<?/; N<?/; or O<?/) which imparts some decided color to the compound of which it is an ingredient.</def>

<h1>Chromophotography</h1>
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<hw>Chro`mo*pho*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ color + E. <ets>photography</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of producing photographs in colors.</def>

<h1>Chromophotolithograph</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mo*pho`to*lith"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A photolithograph printed in colors.</def>

<h1>Chromoplastid</h1>
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<hw>Chro`mo*plas"tid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + E. <ets>plastid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A protoplasmic granule of some other color than green; -- also called <altname>chromoleucite</altname>.</def>

<h1>Chromosome</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mo*some`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ color + <?/ the body.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the minute bodies into which the chromatin of the nucleus is resolved during mitotic cell division; the <altname>idant</altname> of Weismann.</def>

<h1>Chromosphere</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mo*sphere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ color + E. <ets>sphere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An atmosphere of rare matter, composed principally of incandescent hydrogen gas, surrounding the sun and enveloping the photosphere. Portions of the chromosphere are here and there thrown up into enormous tongues of flame.</def>

<h1>Chromospheric</h1>
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<hw>Chro`mo*spher"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the chromosphere.</def>

<h1>Chromotype</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mo*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ color + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sheet printed in colors by any process, as a chromolithograph. See <er>Chromolithograph</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A photographic picture in the natural colors.</def>

<h1>Chromous</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, chromium, when this element has a valence lower than that in chromic compounds.</def>

<cs><col>Chromous acid</col>, <cd>a bluish gray powder, CrO.OH, of weak acid properties and regard as an acid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chromule</h1>
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<hw>Chro"mule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ color + <?/ matter.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A general name for coloring matter of plants other than chlorophyll, especially that of petals.</def>

<h1>Chronic</h1>
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<hw>Chron"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>chronicus</ets>, Gr. <?/ concerning time, from <?/ time: cf. F. <ets>chronique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to time; according to time.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Continuing for a long time; lingering; habitual.</def>

<cs><col>Chronic disease</col>, <cd>one which is inveterate, of long continuance, or progresses slowly, in distinction from an <i>acute<i> disease, which speedly terminates.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chronical</h1>
<Xpage=254>

<hw>Chron"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Chronic.</def>

<blockquote>Partly on a <b>chronical</b>, and partly on a topical method.
<i>J. A. Alexander.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chronicle</h1>
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<hw>Chron"i*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cronicle</ets>, fr. <ets>cronique</ets>, OF. <ets>cronique</ets>, F. <ets>chronique</ets>, L. <ets>chronica</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, neut. pl. of <?/. See <er>Chronic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An historical register or account of facts or events disposed in the order of time.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A narrative of events; a history; a record.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The two canonical books of the Old Testament in which immediately follow 2 Kings.</def>

<syn>Syn. - Register; record; annals. See <er>History</er>.</syn>

<h1>Chronicle</h1>
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<hw>Chron"i*cle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chronicled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chronicling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To record in a history or chronicle; to record; to register.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Chronicler</h1>
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<hw>Chron"i*cler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of a chronicle; a recorder of events in the order of time; an historian.</def>

<blockquote>Such an honest <b>chronicler</b> as Griffith.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chronique</h1>
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<hw>Chro`nique"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Chronicle</er>.]</ety> <def>A chronicle.</def>

<i>L. Addison.</i>

<h1>Chronogram</h1>
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<hw>Chron"o*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ time + <?/ writing, character: cf. F. <ets>chronogramme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inscription in which certain numeral letters, made to appear specially conspicuous, on being added together, express a particular date or epoch, <as>as in the motto of a medal struck by Gustavus Adolphus in 1632:
            ChrIstVs DVX; ergo trIVMphVs.
- the capitals of which give, when added as numerals, the sum 1632.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The record or inscription made by a chronograph.</def>

<h1>Chronogrammatic, Chronogrammatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Chron`o*gram*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chron`o*gram*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chronogrammatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a chronogram, or containing one.</def>

<h1>Chronogrammatist</h1>
<Xpage=254>

<hw>Chron`o*gram"ma*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of chronograms.</def>

<h1>Chronograph</h1>
<Xpage=254>

<hw>Chron"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ time + <ets>-graph</ets>: cf. F. <ets>chronographe</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument for measuring or recording intervals of time, upon a revolving drum or strip of paper moved by clockwork. The action of the stylus or pen is controlled by electricity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Same as <er>Chronogram</er>, 1.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A chronoscope.</def>

<h1>Chronographer</h1>
<Xpage=254>

<hw>Chro*nog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who writes a chronography; a chronologer.</def>

<i>Tooke.</i>

<h1>Chronographic</h1>
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<hw>Chron`o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a chronograph.</def>

<h1>Chronography</h1>
<Xpage=254>

<hw>Chro*nog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Chronograph</er>.]</ety> <def>A description or record of past time; history.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Chronologer</h1>
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<hw>Chro*nol"o*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Chronologist</er>.</def>

<h1>Chronologic, Chronological</h1>
<Xpage=254>

<hw><hw>Chron`o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chron`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Relating to chronology; containing an account of events in the order of time; according to the order of time; <as>as, <ex>chronological</ex> tables</as>.</def> <i>Raleigh</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Chron`o*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Chronologist, Chronologer</h1>
<Xpage=254>

<hw><hw>Chro*nol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chro*nol"o*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A person who investigates dates of events and transactions; one skilled in chronology.</def>

<blockquote>That learned noise and dust of the <b>chronologist</b> is wholly to be avoided.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>THe most exact <b>chronologers</b> tell us that Christ was born in October, and not in December.
<i>John Knox.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chronology</h1>
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<hw>Chro*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chronologies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ time + <?/ discourse: cf. F. <ets>chronologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of measuring time by regular divisions or periods, and which assigns to events or transactions their proper dates.</def>

<blockquote>If history without <b>chronology</b> is dark and confused, <b>chronology</b> without history is dry and insipid.
<i>A. Holmes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chronometer</h1>
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<hw>Chro*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ time + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>chronom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument for measuring time; a timekeeper.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A portable timekeeper, with a heavy compensation balance, and usually beating half seconds; -- intended to keep time with great accuracy for use an astronomical observations, in determining longitude, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A metronome.</def>

<cs><col>Box chronometer</col>. <cd>See under <er>Box</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pocket chronometer</col>, <cd>a chronometer in the form of a large watch.</cd> -- <col>To rate a chronometer</col>. <cd>See <er>Rate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Chronometric, Chronometrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Chron`o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chron`o*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chronom\'82trique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a chronometer; measured by a chronometer.</def>

<h1>Chronometry</h1>
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<hw>Chro*nom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chronom\'82trie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of measuring time; the measuring of time by periods or divisions.</def>

<h1>Chronopher</h1>
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<hw>Chron"o*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ time + <?/ to carry.]</ety> <def>An instrument signaling the correct time to distant points by electricity.</def>

<h1>Chronoscope</h1>
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<hw>Chron"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ time + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring minute intervals of time; used in determining the velocity of projectiles, the duration of short-lived luminous phenomena, etc.</def>

<h1>Chrysalid</h1>
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<hw>Chrys"a*lid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a chrysalis; resembling a chrysalis.</def>

<h1>Chrysalid</h1>
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<hw>Chrys"a*lid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chrysalids</plw>.</plu> <def>See <er>Chrysalis</er>.</def>

<h1>Chrysalis</h1>
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<hw>Chrys"a*lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Chrysalides</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>chrysallis</ets> the gold-colored pupa of butterflies, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/  gold. Cf. <er>Aurelia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pupa state of certain insects, esp. of butterflies, from which the perfect insect emerges. See <er>Pupa</er>, and <er>Aurelia</er> <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Chrysaniline</h1>
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<hw>Chrys*an"i*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ gold + E. <ets>anilene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow substance obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of rosaniline. It dyes silk a fine golden-yellow color.</def>

<h1>Chrysanthemum</h1>
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<hw>Chrys*an"the*mum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ gold + <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of composite plants, mostly perennial, and of many species including the many varieties of garden chrysanthemums (annual and perennial), and also the feverfew and the oxeye daisy.</def>

<h1>Chrysarobin</h1>
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<hw>Chrys`a*ro"bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ gold + <ets>araroba</ets> a foreign name of Goa powder + <ets>-in</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter, yellow substance forming the essential constituent of Goa powder, and yielding chrysophanic acid proper; hence formerly called also <altname>chrysphanic acid</altname>.</def>

<h1>Chrysaurin</h1>
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<hw>Chrys*au"rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ gold + L. <ets>aurum</ets> gold. So called from its color.]</ety> <def>An orange-colored dyestuff, of artificial production.</def>

<h1>Chryselephantine</h1>
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<hw>Chrys`el*e*phan"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ gold + <?/ made of ivory, fr. <?/ ivory, elephant.]</ety> <def>Composed of, or adorned with, gold and ivory.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>chryselephantine</i> statues of the Greeks were built up with inferior materials, veneered, as it were, with ivory for the flesh, and gold decorated with color for the hair and garments.</note>

<h1>Chrysene</h1>
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<hw>Chry"sene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ gold.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the higher aromatic hydrocarbons of coal tar, allied to napthalene and anthracene. It is a white crystalline substance, <chform>C18H12</chform>, of strong blue fluorescence, but generally colored yellow by impurities.</def>

<h1>Chrysoberyl</h1>
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<hw>Chrys"o*ber`yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>chrysoberyllus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ gold + <?/ beryl.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral, found in crystals, of a yellow to green or brown color, and consisting of aluminia and glucina. It is very hard, and is often used as a gem.</def>

<h1>Chrysochlore</h1>
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<hw>Chrys"o*chlore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ gold + <?/ light green: cf. F. <ets>chrysochlore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South African mole of the genus <spn>Chrysochloris</spn>; the golden mole, the fur of which reflects brilliant metallic hues of green and gold.</def>

<h1>Chrysocolla</h1>
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<hw>Chrys"o*col`la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ gold solder; <?/ gold + <?/ glue.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous silicate of copper, occurring massive, of a blue or greenish blue color.</def>

<h1>Chrysogen</h1>
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<hw>Chrys"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ gold + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow crystalline substance extracted from crude anthracene.</def>

<h1>Chrysography</h1>
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<hw>Chry*sog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ gold + <?/ to write.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of writing in letters of gold.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A writing executed in letters of gold.</def>

<h1>Chryso\'8bdine</h1>
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<hw>Chrys*o"\'8b*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ gold + <ets>-oid</ets> + <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An artificial, yellow, crystalline dye, <chform>C6H5N2.C6H3(NH2)2</chform>. Also, one of a group of dyestuffs resembling chryso\'8bdine proper.</def>

<h1>Chrysolite</h1>
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<hw>Chrys"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>chrysolithos</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ gold + <?/ stone: cf. F. <ets>chrysolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral, composed of silica, magnesia, and iron, of a yellow to green color. It is common in certain volcanic rocks; -- called also <altname>olivine</altname> and <altname>peridot</altname>. Sometimes used as a gem. The name was also early used for yellow varieties of tourmaline and topaz.</def>

<h1>Chrysology</h1>
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<hw>Chry*sol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ gold + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of political economy which relates to the production of wealth.</def>

<h1>Chrysopa</h1>
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<hw>Chrys*o"pa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ gold + <?/, <?/, eye, face.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of neuropterous insects. See <er>Lacewing</er>.</def>

<h1>Chrysophane</h1>
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<hw>Chrys"o*phane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ gold + <?/ to show.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside extracted from rhubarb as a bitter, yellow, crystalline powder, and yielding chrysophanic acid on decomposition.</def>

<h1>Chrysophanic</h1>
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<hw>Chrys`o*phan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, or resembling, chrysophane.</def>

<cs><col>Chrysophanic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a yellow crystalline substance extracted from rhubarb, yellow dock, sienna, chrysarobin, etc., and shown to be a derivative of an anthracene. It is used in the treatment of skin diseases; -- called also <altname>rhein</altname>, <altname>rheic acid</altname>, <altname>rhubarbarin</altname>, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chrysoprase</h1>
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<hw>Chrys"o*prase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>crisopace</ets>, OF. <ets>crisoprace</ets>, F. <ets>chrysoprase</ets>, L. <ets>chrysoprasus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ gold + <?/ leek.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An apple-green variety of chalcedony, colored by nickel. It has a dull flinty luster, and is sometimes used in jewelry.</def>

<h1>Chrysoprasus</h1>
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<hw>Chry*sop"ra*sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See <er>Chrysoprase</er>.</def>

<i>Rev. xxi. 20.</i>

<h1>Chrysosperm</h1>
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<hw>Chrys"o*sperm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ gold + <?/ seed.]</ety> <def>The seed of gold; a means of creating gold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Chrysotype</h1>
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<hw>Chrys"o*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ gold + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A photographic picture taken upon paper prepared by the use of a sensitive salt of iron and developed by the application of chloride of gold.</def>

<i>Abney.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>2process, invented by Sir J.Herschel.</def>

<h1>Chthonic</h1>
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<hw>Chthon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the earth; earthy; <as>as, <ex>chthonic</ex> religions</as>.</def>

<blockquote>[The] <b>chthonic</b> character of the wife of Zeus.
<i>Max M\'81ller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Chthonophagia, Chthonophagy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Chthon`o*pha"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chtho*noph"a*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>chthonophagia</ets>; Gr. <?/, <?/, earth + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <def>A disease characterized by an irresistible desire to eat earth, observed in some parts of the southern United States, the West Indies, etc.</def>

<h1>Chub</h1>
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<hw>Chub</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[This word seems to signify a large or thick fish. Cf. Sw. <ets>kubb</ets> a short and thick piece of wood, and perh. F. <ets>chabot</ets> chub.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species to fresh-water fish of the <i>Cyprinid\'91</i> or Carp family. The common European species is <i>Leuciscus cephalus</i>; the cheven. In America the name is applied to various fishes of the same family, of the genera <i>Semotilus</i>, <i>Squalius</i>, <i>Ceratichthys</i>, etc., and locally to several very different fishes, as the <i>tautog</i>, <i>black bass</i>, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Chub mackerel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of mackerel (<spn>Scomber colias</spn>) in some years found in abundance on the Atlantic coast, but absent in others; -- called also <altname>bull mackerel</altname>, <altname>thimble-eye</altname>, and <altname>big-eye mackerel</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Chub sucker</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fresh-water fish of the United States (<spn>Erimyzon sucetta</spn>); -- called also <altname>creekfish</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Chubbed</h1>
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<hw>Chub"bed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Chubby.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>H. Brooke.</i>

<h1>Chubbedness</h1>
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<hw>Chub"bed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being chubby.</def>

<h1>Chubby</h1>
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<hw>Chub"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a chub; plump, short, and thick.</def> "<i>Chubby</i> faces."

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Chub-faced</h1>
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<hw>Chub"-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a plump, short face.</def>

<h1>Chuck</h1>
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<hw>Chuck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chucked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chucking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Imitative of the sound.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a noise resembling that of a hen when she calls her chickens; to cluck.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To chuckle; to laugh.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Chuck</h1>
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<hw>Chuck</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To call, as a hen her chickens.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Chuck</h1>
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<hw>Chuck</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The chuck or call of a hen.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sudden, small noise.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A word of endearment; -- corrupted from <i>chick</i>.</def> "Pray, <i>chuck</i>, come hither."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Chuck</h1>
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<hw>Chuck</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chucked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chucking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>choquer</ets> to strike. Cf. <er>Shock</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike gently; to give a gentle blow to.</def>

<blockquote><b>Chucked</b> the barmaid under the chin.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To toss or throw smartly out of the hand; to pitch.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "Mahomet Ali will just be <i>chucked</i> into the Nile."

<i>Lord Palmerson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>To place in a chuck, or hold by means of a chuck, as in turning; to bore or turn (a hole) in a revolving piece held in a chuck.</def>

<h1>Chuck</h1>
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<hw>Chuck</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A slight blow or pat under the chin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A short throw; a toss.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A contrivance or machine fixed to the mandrel of a lathe, for holding a tool or the material to be operated upon.</def>

<hr>
<page="255">
Page 255<p>

<cs><col>Chuck farthing</col>, <cd>a play in which a farthing is pitched into a hole; pitch farthing.</cd> -- <col>Chuck hole</col>, <cd>a deep hole in a wagon rut.</cd> -- <col>Elliptic chuck</col>, <cd>a chuck having a silder and an eccentric circle, which, as the work turns round, give it a sliding motion across the center which generates an ellipse.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Chuck</h1>
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<hw>Chuck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small pebble; -- called also <altname>chuckstone</altname> and <altname>chuckiestone</altname>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A game played with chucks, in which one or more are tossed up and caught; jackstones.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Chuck</h1>
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<hw>Chuck</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A piece of the backbone of an animal, from between the neck and the collar bone, with the adjoining parts, cut for cooking; <as>as, a <ex>chuck</ex> steak; a <ex>chuck</ex> roast.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Chuckle</h1>
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<hw>Chuc"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Chuckled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chuckling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From lst <er>Chuck</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To call, as a hen her chickens; to cluck.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fondle; to cocker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Chuckle</h1>
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<hw>Chuc"kle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A short, suppressed laugh; the expression of satisfaction, exultation, or derision.</def>

<h1>Chuckle</h1>
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<hw>Chuc"kle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[From lst <er>Chuck</er>.]</ety> <def>To laugh in a suppressed or broken manner, as expressing inward satisfaction, exultation, or derision.</def>

<h1>Chucklehead</h1>
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<hw>Chuc"kle*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person with a large head; a numskull; a dunce.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>Knowles.</i>

<h1>Chuckleheaded</h1>
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<hw>Chuc"kle*head`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a large head; thickheaded; dull; stupid.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Chuck-Will's-widow</h1>
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<hw>Chuck`-Will's-wid"ow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>A species of goatsucker (<spn>Antrostomus Carolinensis</spn>), of the southern United States; -- so called from its note.</def>

<h1>Chud</h1>
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<hw>Chud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chew</er>, <er>Cud</er>.]</ety> <def>To champ; to bite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>A. Stafford.</i>

<h1>Chuet</h1>
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<hw>Chu"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Chew</er>, v. t.]</ety> <def>Minced meat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Chufa</h1>
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<hw>Chu"fa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A sedgelike plant (<spn>Cyperus esculentus</spn>) producing edible tubers, native about the Mediterranean, now cultivated in many regions; the earth almond.</def>

<h1>Chuff</h1>
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<hw>Chuff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. a modification of <ets>chub</ets>: cf. W. <ets>cyff</ets> stock, stump.]</ety> <def>A coarse or stupid fellow.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Chuff</h1>
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<hw>Chuff</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Stupid; churlish.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Chuffily</h1>
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<hw>Chuff"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Clownishly; surlily.</def>

<h1>Chuffiness</h1>
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<hw>Chuff"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being chuffy.</def>

<h1>Chuffy</h1>
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<hw>Chuff"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fat or puffed out in the cheeks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rough; clownish; surly.</def>

<h1>Chulan</h1>
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<hw>Chu"lan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fragrant flowers of the <i>Chloranthus inconspicuus</i>, used in China for perfuming tea.</def>

<h1>Chum</h1>
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<hw>Chum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. a contraction fr. <ets>comrade</ets> or <ets>chamber fellow</ets>: cf. also AS. <ets>cuma</ets> a comer, guest.]</ety> <def>A roommate, especially in a college or university; an old and intimate friend.</def>

<h1>Chum</h1>
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<hw>Chum</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. p. p.</tt> <er>Chummed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Chumming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To occupy a chamber with another; <as>as, to <ex>chum</ex> together at college</as>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Chum</h1>
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<hw>Chum</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Chopped pieces of fish used as bait.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Chump</h1>
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<hw>Chump</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>kumbr</ets> a chopping, E. <ets>chop</ets>.]</ety> <def>A short, thick, heavy piece of wood.</def>

<i>Morton.</i>

<cs><col>Chump end</col>, <cd>the thick end; as, the <i>chump end<i> of a joint of meat.</cd></cs>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Chunam</h1>
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<hw>Chu*nam"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>ch\'d4n\'be</ets>, from Skr. <ets>c\'d4r\'c9a</ets> powder, dust; or a Dravidian word.]</ety> <def>Quicklime; also, plaster or mortar.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<i>Whitworth.</i>

<h1>Chunk</h1>
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<hw>Chunk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chump</er>.]</ety> <def>A short, thick piece of anything.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Chunky</h1>
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<hw>Chunk"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Short and thick.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<i>Kane.</i>

<h1>Church</h1>
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<hw>Church</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>chirche</ets>, <ets>chireche</ets>, <ets>cherche</ets>, Scot. <ets>kirk</ets>, from AS. <ets>circe</ets>, <ets>cyrice</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kerk</ets>, Icel. <ets>kirkja</ets>, Sw. <ets>kyrka</ets>, Dan. <ets>kirke</ets>, G. <ets>kirche</ets>, OHG. <ets>chirihha</ets>; all fr. Gr. <?/ the Lord's house, fr. <?/ concerning a master or lord, fr. <?/ master, lord, fr. <?/ power, might; akin to Skr. <ets>\'87\'d4ra</ets> hero, Zend. <ets>\'87ura</ets> strong, OIr. <ets>caur</ets>, <ets>cur</ets>, hero. Cf. <er>Kirk</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A building set apart for Christian worship.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Jewish or heathen temple.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Acts xix. 37.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A formally organized body of Christian believers worshiping together.</def> "When they had ordained them elders in every <i>church</i>."

<i>Acts xiv. 23.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A body of Christian believers, holding the same creed, observing the same rites, and acknowledging the same ecclesiastical authority; a denomination; <as>as, the Roman Catholic <ex>church</ex>; the Presbyterian <ex>church</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The collective body of Christians.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Any body of worshipers; <as>as, the Jewish <ex>church</ex>; the <ex>church</ex> of Brahm.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The aggregate of religious influences in a community; ecclesiastical influence, authority, etc.; <as>as, to array the power of the <ex>church</ex> against some moral evil</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Remember that both <b>church</b> and state are properly the rulers of the people, only because they are their benefactors.
<i>Bulwer.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Church</i> is often used in composition to denote something belonging or relating to the church; as, <i>church</i> authority; <i>church</i> history; <i>church</i> member; <i>church</i> music, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Apostolic church</col>. <cd>See under <er>Apostolic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Broad church</col>. <cd>See <er>Broad Church</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Catholic</col> &or; <col>Universal church</col></mcol>, <cd>the whole body of believers in Christ throughout the world.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Church of England</col>, &or; <col>English church</col></mcol>, <cd>the Episcopal church established and endowed in England by law.</cd> -- <col>Church living</col>, <cd>a benefice in an established church.</cd> -- <col>Church militant</col>. <cd>See under <er>Militant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Church owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the white owl. See <er>Barn owl</er>.</cd> -- <col>Church rate</col>, <cd>a tax levied on parishioners for the maintenance of the church and its services.</cd> -- <col>Church session</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Session</er>.</cd> -- <col>Church triumphant</col>. <cd>See under <er>Triumphant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Church work</col>, <cd>work on, or in behalf of, a church; the work of a particular church for the spread of religion.</cd> -- <col>Established church</col>, <cd>the church maintained by the civil authority; a state church.</cd></cs>

<h1>Church</h1>
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<hw>Church</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Churched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Churching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bless according to a prescribed form, or to unite with in publicly returning thanks in church, as after deliverance from the dangers of childbirth; <as>as, the <ex>churching</ex> of women</as>.</def>

<h1>Church-ale</h1>
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<hw>Church"-ale`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A church or parish festival (as in commemoration of the dedication of a church), at which much ale was used.</def>

<i>Wright. Nares.</i>

<h1>Church-bench</h1>
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<hw>Church"-bench`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A seat in the porch of a church.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Churchdom</h1>
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<hw>Church"dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The institution, government, or authority of a church.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Churchgoer</h1>
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<hw>Church"go`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who attends church.</def>

<h1>Churchgoing</h1>
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<hw>Church"go`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Habitually attending church.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Summoning to church.</def>

<blockquote>The sound of the <b>churchgoing</b> bell.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Church-haw</h1>
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<hw>Church"-haw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Church</ets> + <ets>haw</ets> a yard.]</ety> <def>Churchyard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Churchism</h1>
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<hw>Church"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Strict adherence to the forms or principles of some church organization; sectarianism.</def>

<h1>Churchless</h1>
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<hw>Church"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a church.</def>

<i>T. Fuller.</i>

<h1>Churchlike</h1>
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<hw>Church"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Befitting a church or a churchman; becoming to a clergyman.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Churchliness</h1>
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<hw>Church"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Regard for the church.</def>

<h1>Churchly</h1>
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<hw>Church"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or suitable for, the church; ecclesiastical.</def>

<h1>Churchman</h1>
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<hw>Church"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Churchmen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ecclesiastic or clergyman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>An Episcopalian, or a member of the Established Church of England.</def> "A zealous <i>churchman</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>One was is attached to, or attends, church.</def>

<h1>Churchmanly</h1>
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<hw>Church"man*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or becoming, a churchman.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Churchmanship</h1>
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<hw>Church"man*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being a churchman; attachment to the church.</def>

<h1>Church modes</h1>
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<hw>Church" modes`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The modes or scales used in ancient church music. See <er>Gregorian</er>.</def>

<h1>Churchship</h1>
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<hw>Church"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being a church.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Churchwarden</h1>
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<hw>Church"ward`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the officers (usually two) in an Episcopal church, whose duties vary in different dioceses, but always include the provision of what is necessary for the communion service.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>A clay tobacco pipe, with a long tube.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>There was a small wooden table placed in front of the smoldering fire, with decanters, a jar of tobacco, and two long <b>churchwardens</b>.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Churchwardenship</h1>
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<hw>Church"ward`en*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a churchwarden.</def>

<h1>Churchy</h1>
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<hw>Church"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to a church; unduly fond of church forms.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Churchyard</h1>
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<hw>Church"yard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The ground adjoining a church, in which the dead are buried; a cemetery.</def>

<blockquote>Like graves in the holy <b>churchyard</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Burial place; burying ground; graveyard; necropolis; cemetery; God's acre.</syn>

<h1>Churl</h1>
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<hw>Churl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ceorl</ets> a freeman of the lowest rank, man, husband; akin to D. <ets>karel</ets>, <ets>kerel</ets>, G. <ets>kerl</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>karl</ets>, Icel. <ets>karl</ets>, and to the E. proper name <ets>Charles</ets> (orig., <ets>man</ets>, <ets>male</ets>), and perh. to Skr. <ets>j\'bera</ets> lover. Cf. <er>Carl</er>, <er>Charles's Wain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rustic; a countryman or laborer.</def> "A peasant or <i>churl</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Your rank is all reversed; let men of cloth
Bow to the stalwart <b>churls</b> in overalls.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rough, surly, ill-bred man; a boor.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>churl's</b> courtesy rarely comes, but either for gain or falsehood.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A selfish miser; an illiberal person; a niggard.</def>

<blockquote>Like to some rich <b>churl</b> hoarding up his pelf.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Churl</h1>
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<hw>Churl</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Churlish; rough; selfish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Churlish</h1>
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<hw>Churl"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Like a churl; rude; cross-grained; ungracious; surly; illiberal; niggardly.</def> "<i>Churlish</i> benefits."

<i>Ld. Burleigh.</i>

<blockquote>Half mankind maintain a <b>churlish</b> strife.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wanting pliancy; unmanageable; unyielding; not easily wrought; <as>as, a <ex>churlish</ex> soil; the <ex>churlish</ex> and intractable nature of some minerals.</as></def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Churlishly</h1>
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<hw>Churl"ish*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a churlish manner.</def>

<h1>Churlishness</h1>
<Xpage=255>

<hw>Churl"ish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rudeness of manners or temper; lack of kindness or courtesy.</def>

<h1>Churly</h1>
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<hw>Churl"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rude; churlish; violent.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Churme, Chirm</h1>
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<hw><hw>Churme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chirm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chirm</er>.]</ety> <def>Clamor, or confused noise; buzzing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>churme</b> of a thousand taunts and reproaches.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Churn</h1>
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<hw>Churn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>chirne</ets>, <ets>cherne</ets>, AS. <ets>ceren</ets>, <ets>cyrin</ets>; akin to D. <ets>karn</ets>, Dan. <ets>kierne</ets>. See <er>Churn</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A vessel in which milk or cream is stirred, beaten, or otherwise agitated (as by a plunging or revolving dasher) in order to separete the oily globules from the other parts, and obtain butter.</def>

<h1>Churn</h1>
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<hw>Churn</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Churned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Churning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>chernen</ets>, AS. <ets>cernan</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>karnen</ets>, G. <ets>kernen</ets>, D. <ets>karnen</ets>, Dan. <ets>kierne</ets>, Sw. <ets>k\'84rna</ets>, and also to E. <ets>corn</ets>, <ets>kernel</ets>, the meaning coming from the idea of extracting the kernel or marrow. See <er>Kernel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stir, beat, or agitate, as milk or cream in a churn, in order to make butter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To shake or agitate with violence.</def>

<blockquote><b>Churned</b> in his teeth, the foamy venom rose.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Churn</h1>
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<hw>Churn</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To perform the operation of churning.</def>

<h1>Churning</h1>
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<hw>Churn"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who churns.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quantity of butter made at one operation.</def>

<h1>Churrus</h1>
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<hw>Chur"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>charas</ets>.]</ety> <def>A powerfully narcotic and intoxicating gum resin which exudes from the flower heads, seeds, etc., of Indian hemp.</def>

<h1>Churrworm</h1>
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<hw>Churr"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cyrran</ets>, <ets>cerran</ets>, to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect that turns about nimbly; the mole cricket; -- called also <altname>fan cricket</altname>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Chuse</h1>
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<hw>Chuse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See Choose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Chute</h1>
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<hw>Chute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chute</ets>, prop. a fall.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A framework, trough, or tube, upon or through which objects are made to slide from a higher to a lower level, or through which water passes to a wheel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Shoot</er>.</def>

<h1>Chutney, Chutnee</h1>
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<hw><hw>Chut"ney</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chut"nee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>chatn\'c6</ets>.]</ety> <def>A warm or spicy condiment or pickle made in India, compounded of various vegetable substances, sweets, acids, etc.</def>

<h1>Chylaceous</h1>
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<hw>Chy*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Possessed of the properties of chyle; consisting of chyle.</def>

<h1>Chylaqueous</h1>
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<hw>Chy*la"que*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chyle</ets> + <ets>aqueous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Consisting of chyle much diluted with water; -- said of a liquid which forms the circulating fluid of some inferior animals.</def>

<h1>Chyle</h1>
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<hw>Chyle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>chylus</ets>, Gr. <?/ juice, chyle, fr. <?/ to pour: cf. F. <ets>chyle</ets>; prob. akin to E. <ets>fuse</ets> to melt.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A milky fluid containing the fatty matter of the food in a state of emulsion, or fine mechanical division; formed from chyme by the action of the intestinal juices. It is absorbed by the lacteals, and conveyed into the blood by the thoracic duct.</def>

<h1>Chylifaction</h1>
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<hw>Chyl`i*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chyle</ets> + L. <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act or process by which chyle is formed from food in animal bodies; chylification, -- a digestive process.</def>

<h1>Chylifactive</h1>
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<hw>Chyl`i*fac"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Producing, or converting into, chyle; having the power to form chyle.</def>

<h1>Chyliferous</h1>
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<hw>Chy*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>[<ets>Chyle</ets> + <i>-ferous</i>: cf. F. <i>chylif\'8are</i>.] <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> Transmitting or conveying chyle; <as>as, <ex>chyliferous</ex> vessels</as>.</def>

<h1>Chylific</h1>
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<hw>Chy*lif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Chylifactive.</def>

<h1>Chylification</h1>
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<hw>Chyl`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The formation of chyle. See <er>Chylifaction</er>.</def>

<h1>Chylificatory</h1>
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<hw>Chy*lif"i*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Chylifactive.</def>

<h1>Chylify</h1>
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<hw>Chy"li*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chyle</ets> + <ets>-ly</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To make chyle of; to be converted into chyle.</def>

<h1>Chylopoetic</h1>
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<hw>Chy`lo*po*et"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>chylopoiei^n</grk> to make into juice, <grk>chylo`s</grk> juice, chyle + <grk>poiei^n</grk> to make.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Concerned in the formation of chyle; <as>as, the <ex>chylopoetic</ex> organs</as>.</def>

<h1>Chylous</h1>
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<hw>Chy"lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chyleux</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Consisting of, or similar to, chyle.</def>

<h1>Chyluria</h1>
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<hw>Chy*lu"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. from Gr. <?/ chyle + <?/ urine.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid condition in which the urine contains chyle or fatty matter, giving it a milky appearance.</def>

<h1>Chyme</h1>
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<hw>Chyme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>chymus</ets> chyle, Gr. <?/ juice, like <?/, fr. <?/ to pour: cf. F. <ets>chyme</ets>. See <er>Chyle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The pulpy mass of semi-digested food in the small intestines just after its passage from the stomach. It is separated in the intestines into chyle and excrement. See <er>Chyle</er>.</def>

<h1>Chymic, Chymist, Chymistry</h1>
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<hw><hw>Chym"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Chym"ist</hw>, <hw>Chym"is*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Chemic</er>, <er>Chemist</er>, <er>Chemistry</er>.</def>

<h1>Chymiferous</h1>
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<hw>Chy*mif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chyme</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Bearing or containing chyme.</def>

<h1>Chymification</h1>
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<hw>Chym`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chyme</ets> + L. <ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F. <ets>Chymification</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The conversion of food into chyme by the digestive action of gastric juice.</def>

<h1>Chymify</h1>
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<hw>Chym"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Chyme</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>chymifier</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To form into chyme.</def>

<h1>Chymous</h1>
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<hw>Chy"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to chyme.</def>

<h1>Chyometer</h1>
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<hw>Chy*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to pour + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring liquids. It consists of a piston moving in a tube in which is contained the liquid, the quantity expelled being indicated by the graduation upon the piston rod.</def>

<h1>Cibarious</h1>
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<hw>Ci*ba"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cibaruus</ets>, fr. <ets>cibus</ets> food.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to food; edible.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Cibation</h1>
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<hw>Ci*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cibatio</ets>, fr. <ets>cibare</ets> to feed.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of taking food.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Alchemy)</fld> <def>The process or operation of feeding the contents of the crucilbe with fresh material.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Cibol</h1>
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<hw>Cib"ol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ciboule</ets>, LL. <ets>cepula</ets>, <ets>cepola</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>cepa</ets>, <ets>caepa</ets>, <ets>caepe</ets>, an onion. Cf. <er>Chibbal</er>, <er>Cives</er>.]</ety> <def>A perennial alliaceous plant (<spn>Allium fistulosum</spn>), sometimes called <i>Welsh onion</i>. Its fistular leaves areused in cookery.</def>

<h1>Ciborium</h1>
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<hw>Ci*bo"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>: <plu>pl. <plw>Ciboria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[LL., fr. L. <ets>ciborium</ets> a cup, fr. Gr. <?/ a seed vessel of the Egyptian bean; also, a cup made from its largeleaves, or resembling its seed vessel in shape.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A canopy usually standing free and supported on four columns, covering the high altar, or, very rarely, a secondary altar.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The coffer or case in which the host is kept; the pyx.</def>

<h1>Cicada</h1>
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<hw>Ci*ca"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Cicadas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Cicad\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of the genus <spn>Cicada</spn>. They are large hemipterous insects, with nearly transparent wings. The male makes a shrill sound by pecular organs in the under side of the abdomen, consisting of a pair of stretched membranes, acted upon by powerful muscles. A noted American species (<spn>C. septendecim</spn>) is called the <stype>seventeen year locust</stype>. Another common species is the <stype>dogday cicada</stype>.</def>

<h1>Cicala</h1>
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<hw>Ci*ca"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. L. <ets>cicada</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cicada. See <er>Cicada</er>.</def> "At eve a dry <i>cicala</i> sung."

<i>Tennison.</i>

<h1>Cicatrice</h1>
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<hw>Cic"a*trice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>cicatrix</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cicatrix.</def>

<h1>Cicatricial</h1>
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<hw>Cic`a*tri"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or having the character of, a cicatrix.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Cicatricle</h1>
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<hw>Cic"a*tri`cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cicatricule</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cicatricula</ets> a small scar, fr. <ets>cicatrix</ets> a scar.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The germinating point in the embryo of a seed; the point in the yolk of an egg at which development begins.</def>

<h1>Cicatrisive</h1>
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<hw>Cic"a*tri`sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to promote the formation of a cicatrix; good for healing of a wound.</def>

<hr>
<page="256">
Page 256<p>

<h1>Cicatrix</h1>
<Xpage=256>

<hw>Ci*ca"trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cicatrices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The pellicle which forms over a wound or breach of continuity and completes the process of healing in the latter, and which subsequently contracts and becomes white, forming the scar.</def>

<h1>Cicatrizant</h1>
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<hw>Cic"a*tri`zant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cicatrisant</ets>, properly p. pr. of <ets>cicatriser</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine or application that promotes the healing of a sore or wound, or the formation of a cicatrix.</def>

<h1>Cicatrization</h1>
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<hw>Cic`a*tri*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cicatrisation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The process of forming a cicatrix, or the state of being cicatrized.</def>

<h1>Cicatrize</h1>
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<hw>Cic"a*trize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cicatrized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cicatrizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cicatriser</ets>, fr. <ets>cicatrice</ets>, L. <ets>cicatrix</ets>, scar.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To heal or induce the formation of a cicatrix in, as in wounded or ulcerated flesh.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Cicatrize</h1>
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<hw>Cic"a*trize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To heal; to have a new skin.</def>

<h1>Cicatrose</h1>
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<hw>Cic"a*trose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of scars.</def>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>Cicely</h1>
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<hw>Cic"e*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>seselis</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/; perh. ultimately of Egyptian origin.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any one of several umbelliferous plants, of the genera <i>Myrrhis</i>, <i>Osmorrhiza</i>, etc.</def>

<h1>Cicero</h1>
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<hw>Cic"e*ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Pica type; -- so called by French printers.</def>

<h1>Cicerone</h1>
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<hw>Ci`ce*ro"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. It. <plw>Ciceroni</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Cicerones</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[It., fr. L. <ets>Cicero</ets>, the Roman orator. So called from the ordinary talkativeness of such a guide.]</ety> <def>One who shows strangers the curiosities of a place; a guide.</def>

<blockquote>Every glib and loquacious hireling who shows strangers about their picture galleries, palaces, and ruins, is termed by them [the Italians] a <b>cicerone</b>, or a Cicero.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ciceronian</h1>
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<hw>Cic`e*ro"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Ciceronianus</ets>, fr. <ets>Cicero</ets>, the orator.]</ety> <def>Resembling Cicero in style or action; eloquent.</def>

<h1>Ciceronianism</h1>
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<hw>Cic`e*ro"ni*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Imitation of, or resemblance to, the style or action Cicero; a Ciceronian phrase or expression.</def> "Great study in <i>Ciceronianism</i>, the chief abuse of Oxford."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Cichoraceous</h1>
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<hw>Cich`o*ra"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chicory</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, a suborder of composite plants of which the chicory (<spn>Cichorium</spn>) is the type.</def>

<h1>Cich-pea</h1>
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<hw>Cich"-pea`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The chick-pea.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Cicisbeism</h1>
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<hw>Ci*cis"be*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or conduct of a cicisbeo.</def>

<h1>Cicisbeo</h1>
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<hw>Ci`cis*be"o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. It. <plw>Cicisbei</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[It.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A professed admirer of a married woman; a dangler about women.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A knot of silk or ribbon attached to a fan, walking stick, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ciclatoun</h1>
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<hw>Cic"la*toun`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of. <ets>ciclaton</ets>.]</ety> <def>A costly cloth, of uncertain material, used in the Middle Ages.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>checklaton</asp>, <asp>chekelatoun</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>His robe was of <b>ciclatoun</b>,
That coste many a Jane.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cicurate</h1>
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<hw>Cic"u*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cicurare</ets> to tame, fr. <ets>cicur</ets> tame.]</ety> <def>To tame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Cicuration</h1>
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<hw>Cic`u*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cicuration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of taming.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Cicuta</h1>
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<hw>Ci*cu"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the poison hemlock.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>a genus of poisonous umbelliferous plants, of which the water hemlock or cowbane is best known.</def>

<note>&hand; The name <i>cicuta</i> is sometimes erroneously applied to <i>Conium maculatum</i>, or <i>officinal hemlock</i>.</note>

<h1>Cicutoxin</h1>
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<hw>Cic`u*tox"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The active principle of the water hemlock (<spn>Cicuta</spn>) extracted as a poisonous gummy substance.</def>

<h1>Cid</h1>
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<hw>Cid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. Ar. <ets>seid</ets> lord.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Chief or commander; in Spanish literature, a title of Ruy Diaz, Count of Bivar, a champion of Christianity and of the old Spanish royalty, in the 11th century.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An epic poem, which celebrates the exploits of the Spanish national hero, Ruy Diaz.</def>

<h1>Cider</h1>
<Xpage=256>

<hw>Ci"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cidre</ets>, OF. sidre, fr. L. <ets>sicera</ets> a kind of strong drink, Gr. <?/; of Oriental origin; cf. Heb. <ets>sh\'bekar</ets> to be intoxicated, <ets>sh\'c7k\'ber</ets> strong drink.]</ety> <def>The expressed juice of apples. It is used as a beverage, for making vinegar, and for other purposes.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Cider</i> was formerly used to signify the juice of other fruits, and other kinds of strong liquor, but was not applied to wine.</note>

<cs><col>Cider brandy</col>, <cd>a kind of brandy distilled from cider.</cd> -- <col>Cider mill</col>, <cd>a mill in which cider is made.</cd> -- <col>Cider press</col>, <cd>the press of a cider mill.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ciderist</h1>
<Xpage=256>

<hw>Ci`der*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A maker of cider.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Ciderkin</h1>
<Xpage=256>

<hw>Ci"der*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cider</ets> + <ets>-kin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of weak cider made by steeping the refuse pomace in water.</def>

<blockquote><b>Ciderkin</b> is made for common drinking, and supplies the place of small beer.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ci-devant</h1>
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<hw>Ci`-de*vant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., hitherto, formerly.]</ety> <def>Former; previous; of times gone by; <as>as, a <ex>cidevant</ex> governor</as>.</def>

<h1>Cierge</h1>
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<hw>Cierge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>cera</ets> wax.]</ety> <def>A wax candle used in religous rites.</def>

<h1>Cigar</h1>
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<hw>Ci*gar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>cigarro</ets>, orig., a kind of tobacco in the island of Cuba: cf. F. <ets>cigare</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small roll of tobacco, used for smoking.</def>

<cs><col>Cigar fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fish (<spn>Decapterus punctatus</spn>), allied to the mackerel, found on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cigarette</h1>
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<hw>Cig`a*rette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cigarette</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little cigar; a little fine tobacco rolled in paper for smoking.</def>

<h1>Cilia</h1>
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<hw>Cil"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <wordforms><wf>Cilium</wf>, the sing., is rarely used.</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>cilium</ets> eyelid.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The eyelashes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Small, generally microscopic, vibrating appendages lining certain organs, as the air passages of the higher animals, and in the lower animals often covering also the whole or a part of the exterior. They are also found on some vegetable organisms. In the Infusoria, and many larval forms, they are locomotive organs.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Hairlike processes, commonly marginal and forming a fringe like the eyelash.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Small, vibratory, swimming organs, somewhat resembling true cilia, as those of Ctenophora.</def>

<h1>Ciliary</h1>
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<hw>Cil"ia*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ciliaire</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the cilia, or eyelashes. Also applied to special parts of the eye itself; <as>as, the <ex>ciliary</ex> processes of the choroid coat; the <ex>ciliary</ex> muscle, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to or connected with the cilia in animal or vegetable organisms; <as>as, <ex>ciliary</ex> motion</as>.</def>

<h1>Ciliata</h1>
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<hw>Cil`i*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Cilia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the orders of Infusoria, characterized by having cilia. In some species the cilia cover the body generally, in others they form a band around the mouth.</def>

<h1>Ciliate, Ciliated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cil"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cil"i*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Provided with, or surrounded by, cilia; <as>as, a <ex>ciliate</ex> leaf</as>; endowed with vibratory motion; <as>as, the <ex>ciliated</ex> epithelium of the windpipe</as>.</def>

<h1>Cilice</h1>
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<hw>Cil"ice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Cilicious</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of haircloth undergarment.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Cilician</h1>
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<hw>Ci*li"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Cilicia in Asia Minor.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Cilicia.</def></def2>

<h1>Cilicious</h1>
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<hw>Ci*li"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cilicium</ets> a covering, orig. made of Cilician goat's hair, fr. <ets>Cilicious</ets> Cilician, fr. <ets>Cilicia</ets>, a province of Asia Minor.]</ety> <def>Made, or consisting, of hair.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>Cilicious</b> or sackcloth habit.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ciliform, Ciliiform</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cil"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cil"i*i*form`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cilium</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>]</ety> <def>Having the form of cilia; very fine or slender.</def>

<h1>Ciliograde</h1>
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<hw>Cil"i*o*grade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cilium</ets> + L. <ets>gradi</ets> to step: cf. F. <ets>ciliograde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Moving by means of <i>cilia</i>, or cilialike organs; <as>as, the <ex>ciliograde</ex> Medus\'91</as>.</def>

<h1>Cilium</h1>
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<hw>Cil"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., eyelid.]</ety> <def>See <er>Cilia</er>.</def>

<h1>Cill</h1>
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<hw>Cill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Sill</er>., <tt>n.</tt> a foundation.</def>

<h1>Cillosis</h1>
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<hw>Cil*lo"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>cilium</ets> eyelid.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A spasmodic trembling of the upper eyelid.</def>

<h1>Cima</h1>
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<hw>Ci"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A kind of molding. See <er>Cyma</er>.</def>

<h1>Cimar</h1>
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<hw>Ci*mar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Simar</er>.</def>

<h1>Cimbal</h1>
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<hw>Cim"bal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>ciambella</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of confectionery or cake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Cimbia</h1>
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<hw>Cim"bi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A fillet or band placed around the shaft of a column as if to strengthen it.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cimia</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cimbrian</h1>
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<hw>Cim"bri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Cimbri.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Cimbri. See <er>Cimbric</er>.</def></def2>

<h1>Cimbric</h1>
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<hw>Cim"bric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the <i>Cimbri</i>, an ancient tribe inhabiting Northern Germany.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The language of the Cimbri.</def></def2>

<h1>Cimeliarch</h1>
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<hw>Ci*me"li*arch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cimeliarcha</ets>, Gr. <?/, treasurer.]</ety> <def>A superintendent or keeper of a church's valuables; a churchwarden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Cimeter</h1>
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<hw>Cim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Scimiter</er>.</def>

<h1>Cimex</h1>
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<hw>Ci"mex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cimices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., a bug.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of hemipterous insects of which the bedbug is the best known example. See <er>Bedbug</er>.</def>

<h1>Cimia</h1>
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<hw>Cim"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cimbia</er>.</def>

<h1>Cimiss</h1>
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<hw>Ci"miss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cimex</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, a bug.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bedbug.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Cimmerian</h1>
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<hw>Cim*me"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Cimmerius</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Kimmerian</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the Cimmerii, a fabulous people, said to have lived, in very ancient times, in profound and perpetual darkness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without any light; intensely dark.</def>

<blockquote>In dark <b>Cimmerian</b> desert ever dwell.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cimolite</h1>
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<hw>Cim"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/) Cimolian earth, fr. <?/, L. <ets>Cimolus</ets>, an island of the Cyclades.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A soft, earthy, clayey mineral, of whitish or grayish color.</def>

<h1>Cinch</h1>
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<hw>Cinch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>cincha</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cingere</ets> to gird.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A strong saddle girth, as of canvas.</def> <mark>[West. U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tight grip.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Cinchona</h1>
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<hw>Cin*cho"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So named from the wife of Count <ets>Chinchon</ets>, viceroy of Peru in the seventeenth century, who by its use was freed from an intermittent fever, and after her return to Spain, contributed to the general propagation of this remedy.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees growing naturally on the Andes in Peru and adjacent countries, but now cultivated in the East Indies, producing a medicinal bark of great value.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The bark of any species of <spn>cinchona</spn> containing three per cent. or more of bitter febrifuge alkaloids; Peruvian bark; Jesuits' bark.</def>

<h1>Cinchonaceous</h1>
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<hw>Cin`cho*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Allied or pertaining to cinchona, or to the plants that produce it.</def>

<h1>Cinchonic</h1>
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<hw>Cin*chon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to, or obtained from, cinchona.</def>

<i>Mayne.</i>

<h1>Cinchonidine</h1>
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<hw>Cin*chon"i*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cinchona</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the quinine group of alkaloids, found especially in red cinchona bark. It is a white crystalline substance, <chform>C19H22N2O</chform>, with a bitter taste and qualities similar to, but weaker than, quinine; -- sometimes called also <altname>cinchonidia</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cinchonine</h1>
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<hw>Cin"cho*nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cinchona</er>: cf. F. <ets>cinchonine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the quinine group of alkaloids isomeric with and resembling cinchonidine; -- called also <altname>cinchonia</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cinchonism</h1>
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<hw>Cin"cho*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cinchona</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition produced by the excessive or long-continued use of quinine, and marked by deafness, roaring in the ears, vertigo, etc.</def>

<h1>Cinchonize</h1>
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<hw>Cin"cho*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To produce cinchonism in; to poison with quinine or with cinchona.</def>

<h1>Cincinnati epoch</h1>
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<hw>Cin`cin*na"ti ep"och</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An epoch at the close of the American lower Silurian system. The rocks are well developed near <i>Cincinnati</i>, Ohio. The group includes the Hudson River and Lorraine shales of New york.</def>

<h1>Cincture</h1>
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<hw>Cinc"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cinctura</ets>, fr. <ets>cingere</ets>, <ets>cinctum</ets>, to gird.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A belt, a girdle, or something worn round the body, -- as by an ecclesiastic for confining the alb.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which encompasses or incloses; an inclosure.</def> "Within the <i>cincture</i> of one wall."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The fillet, listel, or band next to the apophyge at the extremity of the shaft of a column.</def>

<h1>Cinctured</h1>
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<hw>Cinc"tured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Having or wearing a cincture or gridle.</def>

<h1>Cinder</h1>
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<hw>Cin"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>sinder</ets> slag, dross; akin to Icel. <ets>sindr</ets> dross, Sw. <ets>sinder</ets>, G. <ets>sinter</ets>, D. <ets>sintel</ets>; perh. influenced by F. <ets>cendre</ets> ashes, fr. L. <ets>cinis</ets>. Cf. <er>Sinter</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Partly burned or vitrified coal, or other combustible, in which fire is extinct.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hot coal without flame; an ember.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A scale thrown off in forging metal.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The slag of a furnace, or scoriaceous lava from a volcano.</def>

<cs><col>Cinder frame</col>, <cd>a framework of wire in front of the tubes of a locomotive, to arrest the escape of cinders.</cd> -- <col>Cinder notch</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>the opening in a blast furnace, through which melted cinder flows out.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cindery</h1>
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<hw>Cin"der*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling, or composed of, cinders; full of cinders.</def>

<h1>Cinefaction</h1>
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<hw>Cin`e*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>cinefactio</ets>: L. <ets>cinis</ets> ashes + <ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F. <ets>cin\'82faction</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cineration; reduction to ashes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cinematic, Cinematical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cin`e*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cin`e*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Kinematic</er>.</def>

<h1>Cinematics</h1>
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<hw>Cin`e*mat"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing.</tt> <def>See <er>Kinematics</er>.</def>

<h1>Cineraceous</h1>
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<hw>Cin`er*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cineraceus</ets>, fr. <ets>cinis</ets> ashes.]</ety> <def>Like ashes; ash-colored; cinerous.</def>

<h1>Cineraria</h1>
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<hw>Cin`e*ra"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. LL. <ets>cinerarius</ets> pert. to ashes, fr. <ets>cinis</ets> ashes. So called from the ash-colored down on the leaves.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an genus of free-flowering composite plants, mostly from South Africa. Several species are cultivated for ornament.</def>

<h1>Cinerary</h1>
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<hw>Cin"er*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cinerarius</ets>, fr. <ets>cinis</ets> ashes.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to ashes; containing ashes.</def>

<cs><col>Cinerary urns</col>, <cd>vessels used by the ancients to preserve the ashes of the dead when burned.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cineration</h1>
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<hw>Cin`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cinis</ets> ashes: cf. F. <ets>cin\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The reducing of anything to ashes by combustion; cinefaction.</def>

<h1>Cinereous</h1>
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<hw>Ci*ne"re*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cinereus</ets>, fr. <ets>cinis</ets> ashes.]</ety> <def>Like ashes; ash-colored; grayish.</def>

<h1>Cinerescent</h1>
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<hw>Cin`er*es"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat cinereous; of a color somewhat resembling that of wood ashes.</def>

<h1>Cineritious</h1>
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<hw>Cin`er*i"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cineritius</ets>, <ets>cinericius</ets>, fr. <ets>cinis</ets> ashes.]</ety> <def>Like ashes; having the color of ashes, -- as the cortical substance of the brain.</def>

<h1>Cinerulent</h1>
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<hw>Ci*ner"u*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of ashes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cingalese</h1>
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<hw>Cin`ga*lese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Cingalais</ets>.]</ety> <def>A native or natives of Ceylon descended from its primitive inhabitants; also <def2>(<singf>sing.</singf>), <def>the language of the Cingalese.</def> -- <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Cingalese.</def></def2> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Singhalese</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; <i>Ceylonese</i> is applied to the inhabitants of the island in general.</note>

<h1>Cingle</h1>
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<hw>Cin"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cingula</ets>, <ets>cingulum</ets>, fr. <ets>cingere</ets> to gird.]</ety> <def>A girth. <mark>[R.]</mark> See <er>Surcingle</er>.</def>

<h1>Cingulum</h1>
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<hw>Cin"gu*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a girdle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A distinct girdle or band of color; a raised spiral line as seen on certain univalve shells.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The clitellus of earthworms.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The base of the crown of a tooth.</def>

<h1>Cinnabar</h1>
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<hw>Cin"na*bar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cinnabaris</ets>, Gr. <?/; prob. of Oriental origin; cf. Per. <ets>qinb\'ber</ets>, Hind. <ets>shangarf</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Red sulphide of mercury, occurring in brilliant red crystals, and also in red or brown amorphous masses. It is used in medicine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The artificial red sulphide of mercury used as a pigment; vermilion.</def>

<cs><col>Cinnabar Gr\'91corum</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>Graecorum<ets>, gen. pl., of the Greeks.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Dragon's blood</er>.</cd> -- <col>Green cinnabar</col>, <cd>a green pigment consisting of the oxides of cobalt and zinc subjected to the action of fire.</cd> -- <col>Hepatic cinnabar</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an impure cinnabar of a liver-brown color and submetallic luster.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cinnabarine</h1>
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<hw>Cin"na*ba*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cinabarin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, cinnabar; consisting of cinnabar, or containing it; <as>as, <ex>cinnabarine</ex> sand</as>.</def>

<h1>Cinnamene</h1>
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<hw>Cin"na*mene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cinnamic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Styrene (which was formerly called <i>cinnamene</i> because obtained from cinnamic acid). See <er>Styrene</er>.</def>

<h1>Cinnamic</h1>
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<hw>Cin*nam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cinnamon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, cinnamon.</def>

<cs><col>Cinnamic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white, crystalline, odorless substance. <chform>C6H5.C2H2C2H2.CO2H</chform>, formerly obtained from storax and oil of cinnamon, now made from certain benzene derivatives in large quantities, and used for the artificial production of indigo.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cinnamomic</h1>
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<hw>Cin`na*mom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cinnamomum</ets> cinnamon.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cinnamic</er>.</def>

<h1>Cinnamon</h1>
<Xpage=256>

<hw>Cin"na*mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>qinn\'bem\'d3n</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/, <?/, <ets>cinnamomum</ets>, cinnamon. The Heb. word itself seems to have been borrowed from some other language; cf. Malay <ets>k\'bej\'d4 m\'benis</ets> sweet wood.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The inner bark of the shoots of <spn>Cinnamomum Zeylanicum</spn>, a tree growing in Ceylon. It is aromatic, of a moderately pungent taste, and is one of the best cordial, carminative, and restorative spices.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Cassia.</def>

<cs><col>Cinnamon stone</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of garnet, of a cinnamon or hyacinth red color, sometimes used in jewelry.</cd> -- <col>Oil of cinnamon</col>, <cd>a colorless aromatic oil obtained from cinnamon and cassia, and consisting essentially of cinnamic aldehyde,<chform> C6H5.C2H2.CHO</chform>.</cd> -- <col>Wild cinnamon</col>. <cd>See <er>Canella</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cinnamone</h1>
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<hw>Cin"na*mone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cinnamic</ets> + <ets>-one</ets>.]</ety> <def>A yellow crystalline substance, <chform>(C6H5.C2H2)2CO</chform>, the ketone of cinnamic acid.</def>

<hr>
<page="257">
Page 257<p>

<h1>Cinnamyl</h1>
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<hw>Cin"na*myl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cinnamic</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The hypothetical radical, <chform>(C6H5.C2H2)2C</chform>, of cinnamic compounds.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>cinnamule</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cinnoline</h1>
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<hw>Cin"no*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cinn</ets>amic + quin<ets>oline</ets>.]</ety> <def>A nitrogenous organic base, <chform>C8H6N2</chform>, analogous to quinoline, obtained from certain complex diazo compounds.</def>

<h1>Cinque</h1>
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<hw>Cinque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cinq</ets>, fr. L. <ets>quinque</ets> five. See <er>Five</er>.]</ety> <def>Five; the number five in dice or cards.</def>

<h1>Cinquecento</h1>
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<hw>Cin`que*cen"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <ety>[It., five hundred, abbrev. for fifteen hundred. The <ets>Cinquecento</ets> style was so called because it arose after the year 1500.]</ety> <def>The sixteenth century, when applied to Italian art or literature; <as>as, the sculpture of the <ex>Cinquecento</ex>; <ex>Cinquecento</ex> style.</as></def>

<h1>Cinquefoil</h1>
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<hw>Cinque"foil`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cinque</ets> five + <ets>foil</ets>, F. <ets>feuille</ets> leaf. See <er>Foil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of several different species of the genus <spn>Potentilla</spn>; -- also called <altname>five-finger</altname>, because of the resemblance of its leaves to the fingers of the hand.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornamental foliation having five points or cups, used in windows, panels, etc.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<cs><col>Marsh cinquefoil</col>, <cd>the <spn>Potentilla palustris</spn>, a plant with purple flowers which grows in fresh-water marshes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cinque-pace</h1>
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<hw>Cinque"-pace`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cinque</ets> + <ets>pace</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lively dance (called also <altname>galliard</altname>), the steps of which were regulated by the number five.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Nares. Shak.</i>

<h1>Cinque Ports</h1>
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<hw>Cinque" Ports`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[<ets>Cinque</ets> + <ets>port</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>Five English ports, to which peculiar privileges were anciently accorded; -- viz., Hastings, Romney, Hythe, Dover, and Sandwich; afterwards increased by the addition of Winchelsea, Rye, and some minor places.</def>

<cs><col>Baron of the Cinque Ports</col>. <cd>See under <er>Baron</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cinque-spotted</h1>
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<hw>Cinque"-spot`ted</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Five-spotted.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cinter</h1>
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<hw>Cin"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cintre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Center</er>.</def>

<h1>Cinura</h1>
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<hw>Ci*nu"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ To move + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The group of Thysanura which includes <i>Lepisma</i> and allied forms; the bristletails. See <er>Bristletail</er>, and <er>Lepisma</er>.</def>

<h1>Cion</h1>
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<hw>Ci"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cion</ets>. See <er>Scion</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Scion</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>cion</b> overruleth the stock; and the stock is but passive, and giveth aliment, but no motion, to the graft.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cipher</h1>
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<hw>Ci"pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cifre</ets> zero, F. <ets>Chiffre</ets> figure (cf. Sp.<ets>cifra</ets>, LL. <ets>cifra</ets>), fr. Ar. <ets>\'87ifrun</ets>, <ets>\'87afrun</ets>, empty, cipher, zero, fr. <ets>\'87afira</ets> to be empty. Cf. <er>Zero</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>A character [0] which, standing by itself, expresses nothing, but when placed at the right hand of a whole number, increases its value tenfold.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who, or that which, has no weight or influence.</def>

<blockquote>Here he was a mere <i>cipher</i>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A character in general, as a figure or letter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This wisdom began to be written in <b>ciphers</b> and characters and letters bearing the forms of creatures.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A combination or interweaving of letters, as the initials of a name; a device; a monogram; <as>as, a painter's <ex>cipher</ex>, an engraver's <ex>cipher</ex>, etc.</as>  The cut represents the initials <i>N. W</i>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A private alphabet, system of characters, or other mode of writing, contrived for the safe transmission of secrets; also, a writing in such characters.</def>

<blockquote>His father . . . engaged him when he was very young to write all his letters to England in <b>cipher</b>.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Cipher key</col>, <cd>a key to assist in reading writings in cipher.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cipher</h1>
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<hw>Ci"pher</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of a cipher; of no weight or influence.</def> "Twelve <i>cipher</i> bishops."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Cipher</h1>
<Xpage=257>

<hw>Ci"pher</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ciphered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ciphering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To use figures in a mathematical process; to do sums in arithmetic.</def>

<blockquote>"T was certain he could write and <b>cipher</b> too.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cipher</h1>
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<hw>Ci"pher</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To write in occult characters.</def>

<blockquote>His notes he <b>ciphered</b> with Greek characters.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To get by ciphering; <as>as, to cipher out the answer</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To decipher.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To designate by characters.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cipherer</h1>
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<hw>Ci"pher*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who ciphers.</def>

<h1>Cipherhood</h1>
<Xpage=257>

<hw>Ci"pher*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Nothingness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Goodwin.</i>

<h1>Cipolin</h1>
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<hw>Cip"o*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>cippollino</ets>, prop., a little onion, fr. <ets>cipolla</ets> onion (cf. E. <ets>cibol</ets>). So called because its veins consist, like onions, of different strata, one lying upon another.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A whitish marble, from Rome, containiing pale greenish zones. It consists of calcium carbonate, with zones and cloudings of talc.</def>

<h1>Cippus</h1>
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<hw>Cip"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cippi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., stake, post.]</ety> <def>A small, low pillar, square or round, commonly having an inscription, used by the ancients for various purposes, as for indicating the distances of places, for a landmark, for sepulchral inscriptions, etc.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Circ</h1>
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<hw>Circ</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Circus</er>.]</ety> <def>An amphitheatrical circle for sports; a circus.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Circar</h1>
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<hw>Cir*car"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Sircar</er>.]</ety> <def>A district, or part of a province. See <er>Sircar</er>.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Circassian</h1>
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<hw>Cir*cas"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Circassia, in Asia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Circassia.</def></def2>

<h1>Circean</h1>
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<hw>Cir*ce"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Circaeus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the characteristics of Circe, daughter of Sol and Perseis, a mythological enchantress, who first charmed her victims and then changed them to the forms of beasts; pleasing, but noxious; <as>as, a <ex>Circean</ex> draught</as>.</def>

<h1>Circensial, Circensian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cir*cen"sial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cir*cen"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Circensis</ets>, ludi <ets>Circenses</ets>, the games in the Circus Maximus.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to, or held in, the Circus, In Rome.</def>

<blockquote>The pleasure of the <b>Circensian</b> shows.
<i>Holyday.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Circinal</h1>
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<hw>Cir"ci*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a circle.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Circinate.</def>

<h1>Circinate</h1>
<Xpage=257>

<hw>Cir"ci*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>circinare</ets> to make round, fr. <ets>circinus</ets> a pair of compasses, from Gr. <?/ a circle.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Rolled together downward, the tip occupying the center; -- a term used in reference to foliation or leafing, as in ferns.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Circinate</h1>
<Xpage=257>

<hw>Cir"ci*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a circle around; to encompass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Circination</h1>
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<hw>Cir`ci*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circinatio</ets> circle.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An orbicular motion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>bailey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A circle; a concentric layer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>circinations</i> and spherical rounds of onions."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Circle</h1>
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<hw>Cir"cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cercle</ets>, F. <ets>cercle</ets>, fr. L. <ets>circulus</ets> (Whence also AS. <ets>circul</ets>), dim. of <ets>circus</ets> circle, akin to Gr. <?/, <?/, circle, ring. Cf. <er>Circus</er>, <er>Circum-</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A plane figure, bounded by a single curve line called its <i>circumference</i>, every part of which is equally distant from a point within it, called the <i>center</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The line that bounds sush a figure; a circumference; a ring.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An instrument of observation, the graduated limb of which consists of an entire circle.</def>

<note>&hand; When it is fixed to a wall in an observatory, it is called a <i>mural circle</i>; when mounted with a telescope on an axis and in Y's, in the plane of the meridian, a <i>meridian</i> or <i>transit circle</i>; when involving the principle of reflection, like the sextant, a <i>reflecting circle</i>; and when that of repeating an angle several times continuously along the graduated limb, a <i>repeating circle</i>.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A round body; a sphere; an orb.</def>

<blockquote>It is he that sitteth upon the <b>circle</b> of the earth.
<i>Is. xi. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Compass; circuit; inclosure.</def>

<blockquote>In the <b>circle</b> of this forest.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A company assembled, or conceived to assemble, about a central point of interest, or bound by a common tie; a class or division of society; a coterie; a set.</def>

<blockquote>As his name gradually became known, the <b>circle</b> of his acquaintance widened.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A circular group of persons; a ring.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A series ending where it begins, and repeating itself.</def>

<blockquote>Thus in a <b>circle</b> runs the peasant's pain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A form of argument in which two or more unproved statements are used to prove each other; inconclusive reasoning.</def>

<blockquote>That heavy bodies descend by gravity; and, again, that gravity is a quality whereby a heavy body descends, is an impertinent <b>circle</b> and teaches nothing.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Indirect form of words; circumlocution.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Has he given the lie,
In <b>circle</b>, or oblique, or semicircle.
<i>J. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>A territorial division or district.</def>

<note>&hand; <col>The Circles of the Holy Roman Empire</col>, ten in number, were those principalities or provinces which had seats in the German Diet.</note>

<cs><col>Azimuth circle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Azimuth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Circle of altitude</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a circle parallel to the horizon, having its pole in the zenith; an almucantar.</cd> -- <col>Circle of curvature</col>. <cd>See <cref>Osculating circle of a curve</cref> (Below).</cd> -- <col>Circle of declination</col>. <cd>See under <er>Declination</er>.</cd> -- <col>Circle of latitude</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>A great circle perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic, passing through its poles.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Spherical Projection)</fld> <cd>A small circle of the sphere whose plane is perpendicular to the axis.</cd> -- <col>Circles of longitude</col>, <cd>lesser circles parallel to the ecliptic, diminishing as they recede from it.</cd> -- <col>Circle of perpetual apparition</col>, <cd>at any given place, the boundary of that space around the elevated pole, within which the stars never set. Its distance from the pole is equal to the latitude of the place.</cd> -- <col>Circle of perpetual occultation</col>, <cd>at any given place, the boundary of the space around the depressed pole, within which the stars never rise.</cd> -- <col>Circle of the sphere</col>, <cd>a circle upon the surface of the sphere, called a <i>great circle<i> when its plane passes through the center of the sphere; in all other cases, a <i>small circle<i>.</cd> -- <col>Diurnal circle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Diurnal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dress circle</col>, <cd>a gallery in a theater, generally the one containing the prominent and more expensive seats.</cd> -- <col>Druidical circles</col> <fld>(Eng. Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>a popular name for certain ancient inclosures formed by rude stones circularly arranged, as at Stonehenge, near Salisbury.</cd> -- <col>Family circle</col>, <cd>a gallery in a theater, usually one containing inexpensive seats.</cd> -- <col>Horary circles</col> <fld>(Dialing)</fld>, <cd>the lines on dials which show the hours.</cd> -- <col>Osculating circle of a curve</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the circle which touches the curve at some point in the curve, and close to the point more nearly coincides with the curve than any other circle. This circle is used as a measure of the curvature of the curve at the point, and hence is called <i>circle of curvature<i>.</cd> -- <col>Pitch circle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Pitch</er>.</cd> -- <col>Vertical circle</col>, <cd>an azimuth circle.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Voltaic circle</col> <it>or</it> <col>circuit</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Circuit</er>.</cd> -- <col>To square the circle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Square</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Ring; circlet; compass; circuit; inclosure.</syn>

<h1>Circle</h1>
<Xpage=257>

<hw>Cir"cle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Circled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Circling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cerclen</ets>, F. <ets>cercler</ets>, fr. L. <ets>circulare</ets> to make round. See <er>Circle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Circulate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To move around; to revolve around.</def>

<blockquote>Other planets <b>circle</b> other suns.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To encompass, as by a circle; to surround; to inclose; to encircle.</def>

<i>Prior. Pope.</i>

<blockquote>Their heads are <b>circled</b> with a short turban.
<i>Dampier.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So he lies, <b>circled</b> with evil.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To circle in</col>, <cd>to confine; to hem in; to keep together; as, to <i>circle<i> bodies <i>in<i>.</cd></cs>

<i>Sir K. Digby.</i>

<h1>Circle</h1>
<Xpage=257>

<hw>Cir"cle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To move circularly; to form a circle; to circulate.</def>

<blockquote>Thy name shall <b>circle</b> round the gaping through.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Circled</h1>
<Xpage=257>

<hw>Cir"cled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the form of a circle; round.</def> "Monthly changes in her <i>circled</i> orb."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Circler</h1>
<Xpage=257>

<hw>Cir"cler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mean or inferior poet, perhaps from his habit of wandering around as a stroller; an itinerant poet. Also, a name given to the cyclic poets. See under <er>Cyclic</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Circlet</h1>
<Xpage=257>

<hw>Cir"clet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little circle; esp., an ornament for the person, having the form of a circle; that which encircles, as a ring, a bracelet, or a headband.</def>

<blockquote>Her fair locks in <b>circlet</b> be enrolled.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A round body; an orb.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>Fairest of stars . . . that crown'st the smiling morn
With thy bright <b>circlet</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A circular piece of wood put under a dish at table.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Circocele</h1>
<Xpage=257>

<hw>Cir"co*cele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cirsocele</er>.</def>

<h1>Circuit</h1>
<Xpage=257>

<hw>Cir"cuit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>circuit</ets>, fr. L. <ets>circuitus</ets>, fr. <ets>circuire</ets> or <ets>circumire</ets> to go around; <ets>circum</ets> around + <ets>ire</ets> to go.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of moving or revolving around, or as in a circle or orbit; a revolution; <as>as, the periodical <ex>circuit</ex> of the earth round the sun</as>.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The circumference of, or distance round, any space; the measure of a line round an area.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>circuit</b> or compass of Ireland is 1,800 miles.
<i>J. Stow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which encircles anything, as a ring or crown.</def>

<blockquote>The golden <b>circuit</b> on my head.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The space inclosed within a circle, or within limits.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>circuit</b> wide inclosed with goodliest trees.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A regular or appointed journeying from place to place in the exercise of one's calling, as of a judge, or a preacher.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A certain division of a state or country, established by law for a judge or judges to visit, for the administration of justice. <i>Bouvier</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Methodist Church)</fld> A district in which an itinerant preacher labors.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Circumlocution.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Thou hast used no <i>circuit</i> of words."

<i>Huloet.</i>

<cs><col>Circuit court</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a court which sits successively in different places in its circuit (see <er>Circuit</er>, 6). In the United States, the federal circuit courts are commonly presided over by a judge of the supreme court, or a special circuit judge, together with the judge of the district court. They have jurisdiction within statutory limits, both in law and equity, in matters of federal cognizance. Some of the individual States also have circuit courts, which have general statutory jurisdiction of the same class, in matters of State cognizance.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Circuit</col> <it>or</it> <col>Circuity of action</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a longer course of proceedings than is necessary to attain the object in view.</cd> -- <col>To make a circuit</col>, <cd>to go around; to go a roundabout way.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Voltaic</col> <it>or</it> <col>Galvanic circuit</col> <it>or</it> <col>circle</col></mcol>, <cd>a continous electrical communication between the two poles of a battery; an arrangement of voltaic elements or couples with proper conductors, by which a continuous current of electricity is established.</cd></cs>

<h1>Circuit</h1>
<Xpage=257>

<hw>Cir"cuit</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To move in a circle; to go round; to circulate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Philips.</i>

<h1>Circuit</h1>
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<hw>Cir"cuit</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To travel around.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Having <i>circuited</i> the air."

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Circuiteer</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cuit*eer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A circuiter.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Circuiter</h1>
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<hw>Cir"cuit*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who travels a circuit, as a circuit judge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>R. Whitlock.</i>

<h1>Circuition</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cu*i"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circuitio</ets>. See <er>Circuit</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of going round; circumlocution.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Circuitous</h1>
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<hw>Cir*cu"i*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>circuitosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Going round in a circuit; roundabout; indirect; <as>as, a <ex>circuitous</ex> road; a <ex>circuitous</ex> manner of accompalishing an end.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Cir*cu"i*tous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Cir*cu"i*tous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<syn>Syn. -- Tortuous; winding; sinuous; serpentine.</syn>

<h1>Circuity</h1>
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<hw>Cir*cu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A going round in a circle; a course not direct; a roundabout way of proceeding.</def>

<h1>Circulable</h1>
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<hw>Cir"cu*la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be circulated.</def>

<h1>Circular</h1>
<Xpage=257>

<hw>Cir"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circularis</ets>, fr. <ets>circulus</ets> circle: cf. F. <ets>circulaire</ets>. See <er>Circle</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In the form of, or bounded by, a circle; round.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>repeating itself; ending in itself; reverting to the point of beginning; hence, illogical; inconclusive; <as>as, <ex>circular</ex> reasoning</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Adhering to a fixed circle of legends; cyclic; hence, mean; inferior. See <cref>Cyclic poets</cref>, under <er>Cyclic</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Had Virgil been a <b>circular</b> poet, and closely adhered to history, how could the Romans have had Dido?
<i>Dennis.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Addressed to a circle, or to a number of persons having a common interest; circulated, or intended for circulation; <as>as, a <ex>circular</ex> letter</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A proclamation of Henry III., . . . doubtless <b>circular</b> throughout England.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Perfect; complete.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A man so absolute and <b>circular</b>
In all those wished-for rarities that may take
A virgin captive.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Circular are</col>, <cd>any portion of the circumference of a circle.</cd> -- <col>Circular cubics</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>curves of the third order which are imagined to pass through the two circular points at infinity.</cd> -- <col>Circular functions</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Function</er>.</cd> -- <col>Circular instruments</col>, <cd>mathematical instruments employed for measuring angles, in which the graduation extends round the whole circumference of a circle, or 360&deg;.</cd> -- <col>Circular lines</col>, <cd>straight lines pertaining to the circle, as sines, tangents, secants, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Circular note</col> <it>or</it> <col>letter</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Credit</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Diplomacy)</fld> <cd>A letter addressed in identical terms to a number of persons.</cd> -- <col>Circular numbers</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>those whose powers terminate in the same digits as the roots themselves; as 5 and 6, whose squares are 25 and 36. <i>Bailey</i>. <i>Barlow</i>.</cd> -- <col>Circular points at infinity</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>two imaginary points at infinite distance through which every circle in the plane is, in the theory of curves, imagined to pass.</cd> -- <col>Circular polarization</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Polarization</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Circular</col> <it>or</it> <col>Globular sailing</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the method of sailing by the arc of a great circle.</cd> -- <col>Circular saw</col>. <cd>See under <er>Saw</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Circular</h1>
<Xpage=257>

<hw>Cir"cu*lar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. (for sense 1) F. <ets>circulaire</ets>, lettre <ets>circulaire</ets>. See <er>Circular</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A circular letter, or paper, usually printed, copies of which are addressed or given to various persons; <as>as, a business <ex>circular</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sleeveless cloak, cut in circular form.</def>

<h1>Circularity</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cu*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>circularitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being circular; a circular form.</def>

<h1>Circularly</h1>
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<hw>Cir"cu*lar*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a circular manner.</def>

<h1>Circulary</h1>
<Xpage=257>

<hw>Cir"cu*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Circular; illogical.</def> <mark>[Obs. & .]</mark> "Cross and <i>circulary</i> speeches."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Circulate</h1>
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<hw>Cir"cu*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ciorculated</er>; <tt>P. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Circulating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>circulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>circulare</ets>, v. t., to surround, make round, <ets>circulari</ets>, v. i., to gather into a circle. See <er>Circle</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To move in a circle or circuitously; to move round and return to the same point; <as>as, the blood <ex>circulates</ex> in the body</as>.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pass from place to place, from person to person, or from hand to hand; to be diffused; <as>as, money <ex>circulates</ex>; a story <ex>circulates.</ex></as></def>

<hr>
<page="258">
Page 258<p>

<cs><col>Circulating decimal</col>. <cd>See <er>Decimal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Circulating library</col>, <cd>a library whose books are loaned to the public, usually at certain fixed rates.</cd> -- <col>Circulating medium</col>. <cd>See <er>Medium</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Circulate</h1>
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<hw>Cir"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to pass from place to place, or from person to person; to spread; <as>as, to <ex>circulate</ex> a report; to <ex>circulate</ex> bills of credit.</as></def>

<cs><col>Circulating pump</col>. <cd>See under <er>Pump</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To spread; diffuse; propagate; disseminate.</syn>

<h1>Circulation</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circulatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>circulation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of moving in a circle, or in a course which brings the moving body to the place where its motion began.</def>

<blockquote>This continual <b>circulation</b> of human things.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of passing from place to place or person to person; free diffusion; transmission.</def>

<blockquote>The true doctrines of astronomy appear to have had some popular <b>circulation</b>.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc., current for coin.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The extent to which anything circulates or is circulated; the measure of diffusion; <as>as, the <ex>circulation</ex> of a newspaper</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system, by which it is brought into close relations with almost every living elementary constituent. Also, the movement of the sap in the vessels and tissues of plants.</def>

<h1>Circulative</h1>
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<hw>Cir"cu*la*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Promoting circulation; circulating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Circulator</h1>
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<hw>Cir"cu*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.  L. <ets>circulator</ets> a peddler.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, circulates.</def>

<h1>Circulatorious</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cu*la*to"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Travelling from house to house or from town to town; itinerant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Circulatorious</i> jugglers."

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Circulatory</h1>
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<hw>Cir"cu*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circulatorius</ets> pert. to a mountebank: cf. F. <ets>circulatoire</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Circular; <as>as, a <ex>circulatory</ex> letter</as>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Circulating, or going round.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Subserving the purposes of circulation; <as>as, <ex>circulatory</ex> organs</as>; of or pertaining to the organs of circulation; <as>as, <ex>circulatory</ex> diseases</as>.</def>

<h1>Circulatory</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir"cu*la*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chemical vessel consisting of two portions unequally exposed to the heat of the fire, and with connecting pipes or passages, through which the fluid rises from the overheated portion, and descends from the relatively colder, maintaining a circulation.</def>

<h1>Circulet</h1>
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<hw>Cir"cu*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A circlet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Circuline</h1>
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<hw>Cir"cu*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Proceeding in a circle; circular.</def>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "With motion <i>circuline</i>".

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Circum-</h1>
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<hw>Cir"cum-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Akin to <ets>circle</ets>, <ets>circus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Latin preposition, used as a prefix in many English words, and signifying <i>around</i> or <i>about</i>.</def>

<h1>Circumagitate</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*ag"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>circum + agitate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To agitate on all sides.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Circumambage</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*am"bage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref.
<ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>ambage</ets>, obs. sing. of <ets>ambages</ets>.]</ety> <def>A roundabout or indirect course; indirectness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>S. Richardson.</i>

<h1>Circumambiency</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*am"bi*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of surrounding or encompassing.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Circumambient</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*am"bi*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>ambient</ets>.]</ety> <def>Surrounding; inclosing or being on all sides; encompassing.</def> "The <i>circumambient heaven</i>."

<i>J. Armstrong.</i>

<h1>Circumambulate</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*am"bu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumambulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>circumambulare</ets> to walk around; <ets>circum + ambulare</ets>. See <er>Ambulate</er>.]</ety> <def>To walk round about.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Cir`cum*am`bu*la"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Circumbendibus</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*bend"i*bus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A roundabout or indirect way.</def> <mark>[Jocular]</mark>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Circumcenter</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*cen"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The center of a circle that circumscribes a triangle.</def>

<h1>Circumcise</h1>
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<hw>Cir"cum*cise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Circumcised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Circumcising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>circumcisus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>circumcidere</ets> to cut around, to circumcise; <ets>circum + caedere</ets> to cut; akin to E. <ets>c\'91sura</ets>, homi<ets>cide</ets>, con<ets>cise</ets>, and prob. to <ets>shed</ets>, v. t.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut off the prepuce of foreskin of, in the case of males, and the internal labia of, in the case of females.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>To purify spiritually.</def>

<h1>Circumciser</h1>
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<hw>Cir"cum*ci`ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who performs circumcision.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Circumcision</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*cision</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumcisio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of cutting off the prepuce or foreskin of males, or the internal labia of females.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>circumcision</i> of males is practiced as a religious rite by the Jews, Mohammedans, etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The Jews, as a circumcised people.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Rejection of the sins of the flesh; spiritual purification, and acceptance of the Christian faith.</def>

<h1>Circumclusion</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*clu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumcludere</ets>, <ets>-clusum</ets>, to inclose.]</ety> <def>Act of inclosing on all sides.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Circumcursation</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*cur*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumcursare</ets>, <ets>-satum</ets>, to run round about.]</ety> <def>The act of running about; also, rambling language.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Circumdenudation</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*den`u*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>denudation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Denudation around or in the neighborhood of an object.</def>

<cs><col>Hills of circumdenudation</col>, <cd>hills which have been produced by surface erosion; the elevations which have been left, after denudation of a mass of high ground.</cd></cs>

<i>Jukes.</i>

<h1>Circumduce</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*duce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Circumduct</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>To declare elapsed, as the time allowed for introducing evidence.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Circumduct</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*duct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumductus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>circumducere</ets> to lead around; <ets>circum + ducere</ets> to lead.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lead about; to lead astray.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To contravene; to nullify; <as>as, to <ex>circumduct</ex> acts of judicature</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Circumduction</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*duc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumductio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A leading about; circumlocution.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An annulling; cancellation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Phisiol.)</fld> <def>The rotation of a limb round an imaginary axis, so as to describe a concial surface.</def>

<h1>Circumesophagal</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*e*soph"a*gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>circum + esophagal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Surrounding the esophagus; -- in <i>Zool</i>. said of the nerve commissures and ganglia of arthropods and mollusks.</def>

<h1>Circumesophageal</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*e`so*phag"e*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Circumesophagal.</def>

<h1>Circumfer</h1>
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<hw>Cir"cum*fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumferre</ets>; <ets>circum + ferre</ets> to bear. See lst <er>Bear</er>.]</ety> <def>To bear or carry round.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Circumference</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir*cum"fer*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumferentia</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The line that goes round or encompasses a circular figure; a periphery.</def>

<i>Millon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A circle; anything circular.</def>

<blockquote>His ponderous shield . . .
Behind him cast. The broad <b>circumference</b>
Hung on his shoulders like the moon.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The external surface of a sphere, or of any orbicular body.</def>

<h1>Circumference</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir*cum"fer*ence</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To include in a circular space; to bound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Circumferential</h1>
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<hw>Cir*cum`fer*en"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>circumferentialis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the circumference; encompassing; encircling; circuitous.</def>

<i>Parkhurst.</i>

<h1>Circumferentially</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir*cum`fer*en"tial*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to surround or encircle.</def>

<h1>Circumferentor</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir*cum`fer*en"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Circumfer</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A surveying instrument, for taking horizontal angles and bearings; a surveyor's compass. It consists of a compass whose needle plays over a circle graduated to 360&deg;, and of a horizontal brass bar at the ends of which are standards with narrow slits for sighting, supported on a tripod by a ball and socket joint.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A graduated wheel for measuring tires; a tire circle.</def>

<h1>Circumflant</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir"cum*flant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumflans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>circumflare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Blowing around.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Circumflect</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir"cum*flect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Circumflected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Circumflecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>circumflectere</ets>. See <er>Circumflex</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bend around.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mark with the circumflex accent, as a vowel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Circumflection</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*flec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Circumflexion</er>.</def>

<h1>Circumflex</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir"cum*flex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumflexus</ets> a bending round, fr. <ets>circumflectere</ets>, <ets>circumflexum</ets>, to bend or turn about; <ets>circum + flectere</ets> to bend. See <er>Flexible</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A wave of the voice embracing both a rise and fall or a fall and a rise on the same a syllable.</def>

<i>Walker.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A character, or accent, denoting in Greek a rise and of the voice on the same long syllable, marked thus [~ or <?/]; and in Latin and some other languages, denoting a long and contracted syllable, marked [<?/ or ^]. See <er>Accent</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Circumflex</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir"cum*flex</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.  & p. p.</tt> <er>Circumflexed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Circumflexing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To mark or pronounce with a circumflex.</def>

<i>Walker.</i>

<h1>Circumflex</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir"cum*flex</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>circumflexus</ets>, p. p.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Moving or turning round; circuitous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Curved circularly; -- applied to several arteries of the hip and thigh, to arteries, veins, and a nerve of the shoulder, and to other parts.</def>

<h1>Circumflexion</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*flex"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of bending, or causing to assume a curved form.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A winding about; a turning; a circuity; a fold.</def>

<h1>Circumfluence</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir*cum"flu*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flowing round on all sides; an inclosing with a fluid.</def>

<h1>Circumfluent, Circumfluous</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw><hw>Cir*cum"flu*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cir*cum"flu*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumfluere</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>circumfluere</ets>; <ets>circum + fluere</ets> to flow; also L. <ets>circumfluus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Flowing round; surrounding in the manner of a fluid.</def> "The deep, <i>circumfluent</i> waves."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Circumforanean, Circumforaneous</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw><hw>Cir`cum*fo*ra"ne*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cir`cum*fo*ra"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumforaneus</ets> found in markets; <ets>circum + forum</ets> a market place.]</ety> <def>Going about or abroad; walking or wandering from house to house.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Circumfulgent</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*ful"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>fulgent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shining around or about.</def>

<h1>Circumfuse</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*fuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumfusus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>circumfundere</ets> to pour around; <ets>circum + fundere</ets> to pour.]</ety> <def>To pour round; to spread round.</def>

<blockquote>His army <b>circumfused</b> on either wing.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Circumfusile</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*fu"sile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + L. <ets>fusilis</ets> fusil, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Capable of being poured or spread round.</def> "<i>Circumfusile</i> gold."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Circumfusion</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*fu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumfusio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of pouring or spreading round; the state of being spread round.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Circumgestation</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*ges*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumgestare</ets> to carry around; <ets>circum + gestare</ets> to carry.]</ety> <def>The act or process of carrying about.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Circumgestation</b> of the eucharist to be adored.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Circumgyrate</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*gy"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>gyrate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To roll or turn round; to cause to perform a rotary or circular motion.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Circumgyration</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*gy*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of turning, rolling, or whirling round.</def>

<blockquote>A certain turbulent and irregular <b>circumgyration</b>.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Circumgyratory</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*gy"ra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Moving in a circle; turning round.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Circumgyre</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*gyre"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To circumgyrate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Circumincession</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*in*ces"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + L. <ets>incedere</ets>, <ets>incessum</ets>, to walk.]</ety> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The reciprocal existence in each other of the three persons of the Trinity.</def>

<h1>Circumjacence</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*ja"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Condition of being circumjacent, or of bordering ou every side.</def>

<h1>Circumjacent</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*ja"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumjacens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>circumjacere</ets>; <ets>circum + jac<?/re</ets> to lie.]</ety> <def>Lying round; borderong on every side.</def>

<i>T. Fuller.</i>

<h1>Circumjovial</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*jo"vi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + L. <ets>Jupiter</ets>, gen. <ets>Jovis</ets>, Jove.]</ety> <def>One of the moons or satellites of the planet Jupiter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Circumlittoral</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*lit"to*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <?/ <ets>littus</ets>, <ets>littoris</ets>, shore; preferable form, <ets>litus</ets>, <ets>litoria</ets>.]</ety> <def>Adjointing the shore.</def>

<h1>Circumlocution</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*lo*cu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumlocutio</ets>, fr. <ets>circumloqui</ets>, <ets>-locutus</ets>, to make use of circumlocution; <ets>circum + loqui</ets> to speak. See <er>Loquacious</er>.]</ety> <def>The use of many words to express an idea that might be expressed by few; indirect or roundabout language; a periphrese.</def>

<blockquote>the plain Billingagate way of calling names . . . would save abundance of time lost by <b>circumlocution</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Circumlocution office</col>, <cd>a term of riducle for a governmental office where business is delayed by passing through the hands of different officials.</cd></cs>

<h1>Circumlocutional</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*lo*cu"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or consisting of, circumlocutions; periphrastic; circuitous.</def>

<h1>Circumlocutory</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*loc"u*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterised by circumlocution; periphrastic.</def>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<blockquote>The officials set to work in regular <b>circumlocutory</b> order.
<i>Chambers's Journal.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Circummeridian</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*me*rid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>meridian</ets>.]</ety> <def>About, or near, the meridian.</def>

<h1>Circummure</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*mure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>mure</ets>, v. t.]</ety> <def>To encompass with a wall.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Circumnavigable</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*nav"i*ga*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being sailed round.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Circumnavigate</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*nav"i*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Circumnavigated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Circumnavigating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>circumnavigatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>circumnavigare</ets> to sail round; <ets>circum + navigare</ets> to navigate.]</ety> <def>To sail completely round.</def>

<blockquote>Having <b>circumnavigated</b> the whole earth.
<i>T. Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Circumnavigation</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*nav`i*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of circumnavigating, or sailing round.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Circumnavigator</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*nav"iga`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who sails round.</def>

<i>W. Guthrie.</i>

<h1>Circumnutate</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*nu"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>nutate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To pass through the stages of circumnutation.</def>

<h1>Circumnutation</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*nu*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The successive bowing or bending in different directions of the growing tip of the stems of many plants, especially seen in climbing plants.</def>

<h1>Circumpolar</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*po"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>polar</ets>.]</ety> <def>About the pole; -- applied to stars that revolve around the pole without setting; <as>as, <ex>circumpolar</ex> stars</as>.</def>

<h1>Circumposition</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumpositio</ets>, fr. <ets>circumponere</ets>, - <ets>positium</ets>, to place around.]</ety> <def>The act of placing in a circle, or round about, or the state of being so placed.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Circumrotary, Circumrotatory</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw><hw>Cir`cum*ro"tary</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cir`cum*ro"ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>rotary</ets>, <ets>rotatory</ets>.]</ety> <def>turning, rolling, or whirling round.</def>

<h1>Circumrotate</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*ro"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumrotare</ets>; <ets>circum + rotare</ets> to turn round.]</ety> <def>To rotate about.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Circumrotation</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*ro*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of rolling or revolving round, as a wheel; circumvolution; the state of being whirled round.</def>

<i>J. Gregory.</i>

<h1>Circumscissile</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*scis"sile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>scissle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Dehiscing or opening by a transverse fissure extending around (a capsule or pod). See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Pyxidium</er>.</def>

<h1>Circumscribable</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*scrib"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being circumscribed.</def>

<h1>Circumscribe</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*scribe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Circumscribed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Circumscribing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>circumscribere</ets>, <ets>-scriptum</ets>; <ets>circum + scribere</ets> to write, draw. See <er>Soribe</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>to write or engare around.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thereon is <b>circumscribed</b> this epitaph.
<i>Ashmole.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inclose within a certain limit; to hem in; to surround; to bound; to confine; to restrain.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>circumscribe</b> royal power.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>To draw a line around si as to touch at certain points without cutting. See <er>Inscribe</er>, 5.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To bound; limit; restrict; confine; abridge; restrain; environ; encircle; inclose; encompass.</syn>

<h1>Circumscriber</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*scrib"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, circumscribes.</def>

<h1>Circumscriptible</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*scrip"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being circumscribed or limited by bounds.</def>

<h1>Circumscription</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*scrip"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumscriptio</ets>. See <er>Circumscribe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inscription written around anything.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ashmole.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The exterior line which determines the form or magnitude of a body; outline; periphery.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of limiting, or the state of being limited, by conditions or restraints; bound; confinement; limit.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>circumscriptions</b> of terrestrial nature.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I would not my unhoused, free condition
Put into <b>circumscription</b> and confine.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Circumscriptive</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*scrip"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Circumscribing or tending to circumscribe; marcing the limits or form of.</def>

<h1>Circumscriptively</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*scrip"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a limited manner.</def>

<h1>Circumscriptly</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir"cum*script`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a literal, limited, or narrow manner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Circumspect</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir"cum*spect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumspectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>circumspicere</ets> to look about one's self, to observe; <ets>circum + spicere</ets>, <ets>specere</ets>, to look. See <er>Spy</er>.]</ety> <def>Attentive to all the circustances of a case or the probable consequences of an action; cautious; prudent; wary.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Cautious</er>.</syn>

<h1>Circumspection</h1>
<Xpage=258>

<hw>Cir`cum*spec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumspectio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Attention to all the facts and circumstances of a case; caution; watchfulness.</def>

<blockquote>With silent <b>circumspection</b>, unespied.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Caution; prudence; watchfulness; deliberation; thoughtfulness; wariness; forecast.</syn>

<hr>
<page="259">
Page 259<p>

<h1>Circumspective</h1>
<Xpage=259>

<hw>Cir`cum*spec"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Looking around everi way; cautious; careful of consequences; watchful of danger.</def> "<i>Circumspective</i> eyes."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Circumspectively</h1>
<Xpage=259>

<hw>Cir`cum*spec"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Circumspectly.</def>

<h1>Circumspectly</h1>
<Xpage=259>

<hw>Cir"cum*spect"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a circumspect manner; cautiously; warily.</def>

<h1>Circumspectness</h1>
<Xpage=259>

<hw>Cir"cum*spect"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Vigilance un guarding against evil from every quarter; caution.</def>

<blockquote>[Travel] forces <b>circumspectness</b> on those abroad, who at home are nursed in security.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Circumstance</h1>
<Xpage=259>

<hw>Cir"cum*stance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumstantia</ets>, fr. <ets>circumstans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>circumstare</ets> to stand around; <ets>circum + stare</ets> to stand. See <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which attends, or relates to, or in some way affects, a fact or event; an attendant thing or state of things.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>circumstances</b> are well known in the country where they happened.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An event; a fact; a particular incident.</def>

<blockquote>The sculptor had in his thoughts the conqoeror weeping for new worlds, or the like <b>circumstances</b> in histery.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Circumlocution; detail.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So without more <b>circumstance</b> at all
I hold it fit that shake hands and part.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Condition in regard to worldly estate; state of property; situation; surroundings.</def>

<blockquote>When men are easy in their <b>circumstances</b>, they are naturally enemies to innovations.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Not a circumstance</col>, <cd>of no account. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> -- <col>Under the circumstances</col>, <cd>taking all things into consideration.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Event; occurrence; incident; situation; condition; position; fact; detail; item. See <er>Event</er>.</syn>

<h1>Circumstance</h1>
<Xpage=259>

<hw>Cir"cum*stance</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To place in a particular situation; to suppy relative incidents.</def>

<blockquote>The poet took the matters of fact as they came down to him and <b>circumstanced</b> them, after his own manner.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Circumstanced</h1>
<Xpage=259>

<hw>Cir"cum*stanced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Placed in a particular position or condition; situated.</def>

<blockquote>The proposition is, that two bodies so <b>circumstanced</b> will balance each other.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Governed by events or circumstances.</def> <mark>[Poetic  & R.]</mark> "I must be <i>circumstanced</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Circumstant</h1>
<Xpage=259>

<hw>Cir"cum*stant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumstans</ets>. See <er>Circumstance</er>.]</ety> <def>Standing or placed around; surrounding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Circumstant</i> bodies."

<i>Sir K. Digby.</i>

<h1>Circumstantiable</h1>
<Xpage=259>

<hw>Cir`cum*stan"tia*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being circumstantiated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer Taylor.</i>

<h1>Circumstantial</h1>
<Xpage=259>

<hw>Cir`cum*stan"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>circonstanciel</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting in, or pertaining to, circumstances or particular incidents.</def>

<blockquote>The usual character of human testimony is substantial truth under <b>circumstantial</b> variety.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Incidental; relating to, but not essential.</def>

<blockquote>We must therefore distinguish between the essentials in religious worship . . . and what is merely <b>circumstantial</b>.
<i>Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Abounding with circumstances; detailing or exhibiting all the circumstances; minute; particular.</def>

<blockquote>Tedious and <b>circumstantial</b> recitals.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Circumstantial evidence</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>evidence obtained from circumstances, which necessarily or usually attend facts of a particular nature, from which arises presumption. According to some authorities <i>circumstantial<i> is distinguished from <i>positive<i> evidence in that the latter is the testimony of eyewitnesses to a fact or the admission of a party; but the prevalent opinion now is that all such testimony is dependent on circumstances for its support. All testimony is more or less <i>circumstantial<i>. <i>Wharton<i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Minute</er>.</syn>

<h1>Circumstantial</h1>
<Xpage=259>

<hw>Cir`cum*stan"tial</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something incidental to the main subject, but of less importance; opposed to an <i>essential</i>; -- generally in the plural; <as>as, the <ex>circumstantials</ex> of religion</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Circumstantiality</h1>
<Xpage=259>

<hw>Cir`cum*stan`ti*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state, characteristic, or quality of being circumstantial; particularity or minuteness of detail.</def> "I will endeavor to describe with sufficient <i>circumstantiality</i>."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Circumstantially</h1>
<Xpage=259>

<hw>Cir`cum*stan"tial*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In respect to circumstances; not essentially; accidentally.</def>

<blockquote>Of the fancy and intellect, the powers are only <b>circumstantially</b> different.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In every circumstance or particular; minutely.</def>

<blockquote>To set down somewhat <b>circumstantially</b>, not only the events, but the manner of my trials.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Circumstantiate</h1>
<Xpage=259>

<hw>Cir`cum*stan"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Circumstantiated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Circumstantiating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Circumstantiating</er> (<?/).]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To place in particular circumstances; to invest with particular accidents or adjuncts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>If the act were otherwise <b>circumstantiated</b>, it might will that freely which now it wills reluctantly.
<i>Bramhall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prove or confirm by circumstances; to entr into details concerning.</def>

<blockquote>Neither will time permint to <b>circumstantiate</b> these particulars, which I have only touched in the general.
<i>State Trials (1661).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Circumterraneous</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*ter*ra"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + L. <ets>terra</ets> earth.]</ety> <def>Being or dwelling around the earth.</def> "<i>Circumterraneous</i> demouns."

<i>H. Hallywell.</i>

<h1>Circumundulate</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*un"du*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.  t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>circum-</ets> + <ets>undulate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To flow round, as waves.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Circumvallate</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*val"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumvallatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>circumvallare</ets> to surround with a wall; <ets>circum</ets> + <ets>vallare</ets> to wall, fr. <ets>vallum</ets> rampart.]</ety> <def>To surround with a rampart or wall.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Circumvallate</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*val"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Surrounded with a wall; inclosed with a rampart.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Surrounded by a ridle or elevation; <as>as, the <ex>circumvallate</ex> papill\'91, near the base of the tongue</as>.</def>

<h1>Circumvallation</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*val*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of surrounding with a wall or rampart.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A line of field works made around a besieged place and the besieging army, to protect the camp of the besiegers against the attack of an enemy from without.</def>

<h1>Circumvection</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*vec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumvectio</ets>; <ets>circum</ets> + <ets>vehere</ets> to carry.]</ety> <def>The act of carrying anything around, or the state of being so carried.</def>

<h1>Circumvent</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*vent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Circumvented</er>; <tt>p. pr. vb. n.</tt> <er>Circumventing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>circumventis</ets>, p. p. of <ets>circumvenire</ets>, to come around, encompass, decieve; <ets>circum</ets> + <ets>venire</ets> to come, akin to E. <ets>come.</ets>]</ety> <def>To gain advantage over by arts, stratagem, or deception; to decieve; to delude; to get around.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>circumvented</b> whom I could not gain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Circumvention</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*ven"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumventio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of prevailing over another by arts, address, or fraud; deception; fraud; imposture; delusion.</def>

<blockquote>A school in which he learns sly <b>circumvention</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Circumventive</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*vent"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to circumvent; deceiving by artifices; deluding.</def>

<h1>Circumventor</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*vent"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who circumvents; one who gains his purpose by cunning.</def>

<h1>Circumvest</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*vest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumvestire</ets>; <ets>circum + vestire</ets> to clothe.]</ety> <def>To cover round, as woth a garment; to invest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Circumvested</b> with much prejudice.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Circumvolant</h1>
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<hw>Cir*cum"vo*lant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumvolans</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Circumvolation</er>.]</ety> <def>Flying around.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>circumvolant</b> troubles of humanity.
<i>G. Macdonald.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Circumvolation</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*vo*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>circumvolate</ets>. <ets>-volatum</ets>, to fly around; <ets>circum + volare</ets> to fly.]</ety> <def>The act of flying round.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Circumvolution</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*vo*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Circumvolve</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of rolling round; the state of being rolled.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thing rolled round another.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A roundabout procedure; a circumlocution.</def>

<blockquote>He had neither time nor temper for sentimental <b>circumvolutions</b>.
<i>Beaconsfield.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Circumvolve</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*volve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Circumvolved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. vb. n.</tt> <er>Circumvolving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>circumvolvere</ets>, <ets>-volutum</ets>; <ets>circum + volvere</ets> to roll.]</ety> <def>To roll round; to cause to revolve; to put into a circular motion.</def>

<i>Herrick.</i>

<h1>Circumvolve</h1>
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<hw>Cir`cum*volve"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To roll round; to revolve.</def>

<h1>Circus</h1>
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<hw>Cir"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Circuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>circus</ets> circle, ring, circus (in sense 1). See <er>Circle</er>, and cf. <er>Cirque</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Roman Antiq.)</fld> <def>A level oblong space surrounded on three sides by seats of wood, earth, or stone, rising in tiers one above another, and divided lengthwise through the middle by a barrier around which the track or course was laid out. It was used for chariot races, games, and public shows.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>Circus Maximus</i> at Rome could contain more than 100,000 spectators.</note>

<i>Harpers' Latin Dict.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A circular inclosure for the exhibition of feats of horsemanship, acrobatic displays, etc. Also, the company of performers, with their equipage.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Circuit; space; inclosure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The narrow <b>circus</b> of my dungeon wall.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cirl bunting</h1>
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<hw>Cirl" bun`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>cirlo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European bunting (<spn>Emberiza cirlus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Cirque</h1>
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<hw>Cirque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>circus</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A circle; a circus; a circular erection or arrangement of objects.</def>

<blockquote>A dismal <b>cirque</b>
Of Druid stones upon a forlorn moor.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of circular valley in the side of a mountain, walled around by precipices of great height.</def>

<h1>Cirrate</h1>
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<hw>Cir"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cirratus</ets> having ringlets, fr. <ets>cirrus</ets> a curl.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having cirri along the margin of a part or organ.</def>

<h1>Cirrhiferous</h1>
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<hw>Cir*rhif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Cirriferous</er>.</def>

<h1>Cirrhose</h1>
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<hw>Cir"rhose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Cirrose</er>.</def>

<h1>Cirrhosis</h1>
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<hw>Cir*rho"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ orange-colored: cf. F. <ets>cirrhose</ets>. So called from the yellowish appearance which the diseased liver often presents when cut.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease of the liver in which it usually becomes smaller in size and more dense and fibrous in consistence; hence sometimes applied to similar changes in other organs, caused by increase in the fibrous framework and decrease in the proper substance of the organ.</def>

<h1>Cirrhotic</h1>
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<hw>Cir*rhot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, caused by, or affected with, cirrhosis; <as>as, <ex>cirrhotic</ex> degeneration; a <ex>cirrhotic</ex> liver.</as></def>

<h1>Cirrhous</h1>
<Xpage=259>

<hw>Cir"rhous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Cirrose</er>.</def>

<h1>Cirrhus</h1>
<Xpage=259>

<hw>Cir"rhus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Cirrus</er>.</def>

<h1>Cirri</h1>
<Xpage=259>

<hw>Cir"ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Cirrus</er>.</def>

<h1>Cirriferous</h1>
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<hw>Cir*rif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cirrus</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing cirri, as many plants and animals.</def>

<h1>Cirriform</h1>
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<hw>Cir"ri*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cirrus</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Formed like a cirrus or tendril; -- said of appendages of both animals and plants.</def>

<h1>Cirrigerous</h1>
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<hw>Cir*rig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cirrus</ets> + <ets>-gerous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having curled locks of hair; supporting cirri, or hairlike appendages.</def>

<h1>Cirrigrade</h1>
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<hw>Cir"ri*grade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cirrus</ets> + L. <ets>gradi</ets> to walk.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Moving or moved by cirri, or hairlike appendages.</def>

<h1>Cirriped</h1>
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<hw>Cir"ri*ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Cirripedia.</def>

<h1>Cirripedia</h1>
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<hw>Cir`ri*pe"di*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>cirrus</ets> curl + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Crustacea including the barnacles. When adult, they have a calcareous shell composed of several pieces. From the opening of the shell the animal throws out a group of curved legs, looking like a delicate curl, whence the name of the group. See <er>Anatifa</er>.</def>

<h1>Cirrobranchiata</h1>
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<hw>Cir`ro*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>cirrus</ets> + L. <ets>branchiae</ets> gills.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Mollusca having slender, cirriform appendages near the mouth; the Scaphopoda.</def>

<h1>Cirro-cumulus</h1>
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<hw>Cir`ro-cu"mu*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cirrus</ets> + <ets>cumulus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Cloud</er>.</def>

<h1>Cirrose</h1>
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<hw>Cir"rose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cirrus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Bearing a tendril or tendrils; <as>as, a <ex>cirrose</ex> leaf</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Resembling a tendril or cirrus.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>cirrhose</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cirrostomi</h1>
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<hw>Cir`ros"to*mi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>cirrus</ets> + Gr. <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lowest group of vertebrates; -- so called from the cirri around the mouth; the Leptocardia. See <er>Amphioxus</er>.</def>

<h1>Cirro-stratus</h1>
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<hw>Cir`ro-stra"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cirrus</ets> + <ets>stratus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Cloud</er>.</def>

<h1>Cirrous</h1>
<Xpage=259>

<hw>Cir"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Cirrose.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Tufted; -- said of certain feathers of birds.</def>

<h1>Cirrus</h1>
<Xpage=259>

<hw>Cir"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cirri</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., lock, curl, ringlet.]</ety> <altsp>[Also written <asp>cirrhus</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tendril or clasper.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A soft tactile appendage of the mantle of many Mollusca, and of the parapodia of Annelida. Those near the head of annelids are <i>Tentacular cirri</i>; those of the last segment are <i>caudal cirri</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The jointed, leglike organs of Cirripedia. See <er>Annelida</er>, and <er>Polych\'91ta</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; In some of the inferior animals the <i>cirri</i> aid in locomotion; in others they are used in feeding; in the Annelida they are mostly organs of touch. Some <i>cirri</i> are branchial in function.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The external male organ of trematodes and some other worms, and of certain Mollusca.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Cloud</er>.</def>

<h1>Cirsocele</h1>
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<hw>Cir"so*cele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a dilated vein + <?/ tumor.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The varicose dilatation of the spermatic vein.</def>

<h1>Cirsoid</h1>
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<hw>Cir"soid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a dilated vein + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Varicose.</def>

<cs><col>Cirsoid aneurism</col>, <cd>a disease of an artery in which it becomes dilated and elongated, like a varicose vein.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cirsotomy</h1>
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<hw>Cir*sot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a dilated vein + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Any operation for the removal of varices by incision.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Cis-</h1>
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<hw>Cis-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A Latin preposition, sometimes used as a prefix in English words, and signifying <i>on this side</i>.</def>

<h1>Cisalpine</h1>
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<hw>Cis*al"pine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Cisalpinus</ets>; <ets>cis</ets> on this side + <ets>Alpinus</ets> Alpine.]</ety> <def>On the hither side of the Alps with reference to Rome, that is, on the south side of the Alps; -- opposed to <i>transalpine</i>.</def>

<h1>Cisatlantic</h1>
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<hw>Cis`at*lan"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>cis-</ets> + <ets>Atlantic</ets>.]</ety> <def>On this side of the Atlantic Ocean; -- used of the eastern or the western side, according to the standpoint of the writer.</def>

<i>Story.</i>

<h1>Cisco</h1>
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<hw>Cis"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Lake herring (<spn>Coregonus Artedi</spn>), valuable food fish of the Great Lakes of North America. The name is also applied to <spn>C. Hoyi</spn>, a related species of Lake Michigan.</def>

<h1>Ciselure</h1>
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<hw>Ci`se*lure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The process of chasing on metals; also, the work thus chased.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Cisleithan</h1>
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<hw>Cis*lei"than</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>cis-</ets> + <ets>Leitha</ets>.]</ety> <def>On the Austrian side of the river Leitha; Austrian.</def>

<h1>Cismontane</h1>
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<hw>Cis*mon"tane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>cis-</ets> + L. <ets>mons</ets> mountain.]</ety> <def>On this side of the mountains. See under <er>Ultramontane</er>.</def>

<h1>Cispadane</h1>
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<hw>Cis"pa*dane`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>cis-</ets> + L. <ets>Padanus</ets>, pert. to the <ets>Padus</ets> or Po.]</ety> <def>On the hither side of the river Po with reference to Rome; that is, on the south side.</def>

<h1>Cissoid</h1>
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<hw>Cis"soid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ like ivy; <?/ ivy + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve invented by Diocles, for the purpose of solving two celebrated problems of the higher geometry; viz., to trisect a plane angle, and to construct two geometrical means between two given straight lines.</def>

<h1>Cist</h1>
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<hw>Cist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cista</ets> box, chest, Gr. <?/ Cf. <er>Chest</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A box or chest. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> A bronze receptacle, round or oval, frequently decorated with engravings on the sides and cover, and with feet, handles, etc., of decorative castings. <sd>(b)</sd> A cinerary urn. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Cyst</er>.</def>

<h1>Cisted</h1>
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<hw>Cist"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclosed in a cyst. See <er>Cysted</er>.</def>

<h1>Cistercian</h1>
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<hw>Cis*ter"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>Cistercium</ets>. F. <ets>C\'8cteaux</ets>, a convent not far from Dijon, in France: cf. F. <ets>cistercien</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A monk of the prolific branch of the Benedictine Order, established in 1098 at C\'8cteaux, in France, by Robert, abbot of Molesme. For two hundred years the Cistercians followed the rule of St. Benedict in all its rigor.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt>  <def>Of or pertaining to the Cistercians.</def></def2>

<hr>
<page="260">
Page 260<p>

<h1>Cistern</h1>
<Xpage=260>

<hw>Cis"tern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cisterne</ets>, OF. <ets>cisterne</ets>, F. <ets>cisterne</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cisterna</ets>, fr. <ets>cista</ets> box, chest. See <er>Cist</er>, and cf. <er>chest</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An artificial reservoir or tank for holding water, beer, or other liquids.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A natural reservoir; a hollow place containing water.</def> "The wide <i>cisterns</i> of the lakes." <i>Blackmore</i>.

<h1>Cistic</h1>
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<hw>Cist"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Cystic</er>.</def>

<h1>Cit</h1>
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<hw>Cit</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>citizen</ets>.]</ety> <def>A citizen; an inhabitant of a city; a pert townsman; -- used contemptuously. "Insulted as a <i>cit</i>".</def>

<i>Johnson</i>

<blockquote>Which past endurance sting the tender <b>cit</b>.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Citable</h1>
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<hw>Cit"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being cited.</def>

<h1>Citadel</h1>
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<hw>Cit"a*del</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>citadelle</ets>, It. <ets>citadella</ets>, di<?/. of <ets>citt<?/</ets> city, fr. L. <ets>civitas</ets>. See <er>City</er>.]</ety> <def>A fortress in or near a fortified city, commanding the city and fortifications, and intended as a final point of defense.</def>

<cs><col>Syn</col>. <cd>- Stronghold. See <er>Fortress</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cital</h1>
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<hw>Cit"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cite</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Summons to appear, as before a judge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Citation; quotation</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Citation</h1>
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<hw>Ci*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>citation</ets>, LL. <ets>citatio</ets>, fr.L. <ets>citare</ets> to cite. See <er>Cite</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An official summons or notice given to a person to appear; the paper containing such summons or notice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of citing a passage from a book, or from another person, in his own words; also, the passage or words quoted; quotation.</def>

<blockquote>This horse load of <b>citations</b> and fathers.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Enumeration; mention; <as>as, a <ex>citation</ex> of facts</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A reference to decided cases, or books of authority, to prove a point in law.</def>

<h1>Citator</h1>
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<hw>Ci*ta"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who cites.</def> <mark>[R]</mark>

<h1>Citatory</h1>
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<hw>Ci"ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>citatirius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the power or form of a citation; <as>as, letters <ex>citatory</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Cite</h1>
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<hw>Cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Citing</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>citer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>citare</ets>, intens. of <ets>cire</ets>, <ets>ci\'c7re</ets>, to put in motion, to excite; akin to Gr.<?/ to go, Skr. <?/ to sharpen.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To call upon officially or authoritatively to appear, as before a court; to summon.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>cited</b> dead,
Of all past ages, to the general doom
Shall hasten.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Cited</b> by finger of God.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To urge; to enjoin.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To quote; to repeat, as a passage from a book, or the words of another.</def>

<blockquote>The devil can <b>cite</b> Scripture for his purpose.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To refer to or specify, as for support, proof, illustration, or confirmation.</def>

<blockquote>The imperfections which you have <b>cited</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To bespeak; to indicate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Aged honor <b>cites</b> a virtuous youth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To notify of a proceeding in court.</def>

<i>Abbot</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To quote; mention, name; refer to; adduce; select; call; summon. See <er>Quote</er>.</syn>

<h1>Citer</h1>
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<hw>Cit"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who cites.</def>

<h1>Citess</h1>
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<hw>Cit"ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cit</er>.]</ety> <def>A city woman</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cithara</h1>
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<hw>Cith"a*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. Cf. <er>Cittern</er>, <er>Guitar</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An ancient instrument resembling the harp.</def>

<h1>Citharistic</h1>
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<hw>Cith`a*ris"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/, fr.<?/ cithara.]</ety> <def>Pertaining, or adapted, to the cithara.</def>

<h1>Cithern</h1>
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<hw>Cith"ern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cittern</er>.</def>

<h1>Citicism</h1>
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<hw>Cit"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>cit</ets>.]</ety> <def>The manners of a cit or citizen.</def>

<h1>Citied</h1>
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<hw>Cit"ied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, a city.</def> "Smoky, <i>citied</i> towns" <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Containing, or covered with, cities.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>citied</i> earth."

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Citified</h1>
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<hw>Cit"i*fied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>City</ets> +<ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Aping, or having, the manners of a city.</def>

<h1>Citigrad\'91</h1>
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<hw>Cit`i*gra"d\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>citus</ets> swift (p. p. of <ets>cire</ets>, <ets>ciere</ets>, to move) + <ets>gradi</ets> to walk. See <er>Cite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of Arachnoidea, including the European tarantula and the wolf spiders (<spn>Lycosidae</spn>) and their allies, which capture their prey by rapidly running and jumping. See <er>Wolf spider</er>.</def>

<h1>Citigrade</h1>
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<hw>Cit"i*grade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>citigrade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Citigrad\'91.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One of the Citigrad\'91.</def></def2>

<h1>Citiner</h1>
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<hw>Cit"i*ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is born or bred in a city; a citizen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Champan.</i>

<h1>Citizen</h1>
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<hw>Cit"i*zen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>citisein</ets>, OF. <ets>citeain</ets>, F. <ets>citoyen</ets>, fr. <ets>cit\'82</ets> city.  See <er>City</er>, and cf. <er>Cit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who enjoys the freedom and privileges of a city; a freeman of a city, as distinguished from a foreigner, or one not entitled to its franchises.</def>

<blockquote>That large body of the working men who were not counted as <b>citizens</b> and had not so much as a vote to serve as an anodyne to their stomachs.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inhabitant of a city; a townsman.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person, native or naturalized, of either sex, who owes allegiance to a government, and is entitled to reciprocal protection from it.</def>

<note>&hand; This protection is . . . national protection, recognition of the individual, in the face of foreign nations, as a member of the state, and assertion of his security and rights abroad as well as at home.</note>

<i>Abbot</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who is domiciled in a country, and who is a citizen, though neither native nor naturalized, in such a sense that he takes his legal <i>status</i> from such country.</def>

<h1>Citizen</h1>
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<hw>Cit"i*zen</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the condition or qualities of a citizen, or of citizens; <as>as, a <ex>citizen</ex> soldiery</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of a city; characteristic of citizens; effeminate; luxurious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I am not well,
But not so <b>citizen</b> a wanton as
To seem to die ere sick.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Citizeness</h1>
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<hw>Cit"i*zen*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female citizen.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Citizenship</h1>
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<hw>Cit"i*zen*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a citizen; the status of a citizen.</def>

<h1>Citole</h1>
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<hw>Cit"ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>citole</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cithara</ets>. <er>See Cittern</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A musical instrument; a kind of dulcimer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Citraconic</h1>
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<hw>Cit`ra*con"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Citric</ets> + <ets>acon</ets>itic.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or having certain characteristics of, citric and aconitic acids.</def>

<cs><col>Citraconic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white, crystalline, deliquescent substance, <chform>C3H4(CO2H)2</chform>, obtained by distillation of citric acid. It is a compound of the ethylene series.</cd></cs>

<h1>Citrate</h1>
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<hw>Cit"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Citric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of citric acid.</def>

<h1>Citric</h1>
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<hw>Cit"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>citrique</ets>. See <er>Citron</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the citron or lemon; <as>as, <ex>citric</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Citric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an organic acid, <chform>C3H4OH.(CO2H)3</chform>, extracted from lemons, currants, gooseberies, etc., as a white crystalline substance, having a pleasant sour taste.</cd></cs>

<h1>Citrination</h1>
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<hw>Cit`ri*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Citrine</er>.]</ety> <def>The process by which anything becomes of the color of a lemon; esp., in alchemy, the state of perfection in the philosopher's stone indicated by its assuming a deep yellow color.</def>

<i>Thynne.</i>

<h1>Citrine</h1>
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<hw>Cit"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>citrin</ets>. See <er>Citron</er>.]</ety> <def>Like a citron or lemon; of a lemon color; greenish yellow.</def>

<cs><col>Citrine ointment</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a yellowish mercurial ointment, the <i>unquentum hydrargyri nitratis<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Citrine</h1>
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<hw>Cit"rine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A yellow, pellucid variety of quartz.</def>

<h1>Citron</h1>
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<hw>Cit"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>citron</ets>, LL. <ets>citro</ets>, fr. L. <ets>citrus</ets> citron tree (cf. <ets>citreum</ets>, sc. malum, a citron), from Gr. <?/ citron]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot)</fld> <def>A fruit resembling a lemon, but larger, and pleasantly aromatic. The thick rind, when candied, is the citron of commerce.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A citron tree.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A citron melon.</def>

<cs><col>Citron melon</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A small variety of muskmelon with sugary greenish flesh. <sd>(b)</sd> A small variety of watermelon, whose solid white flesh is used in making sweetmeats and preserves.</cd> -- <col>Citron tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the tree which bears citrons. It was probably a native of northern India, and is now understood to be the typical form of <spn>Citrus Medica</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Citrus</h1>
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<hw>Cit"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a citron tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees including the orange, lemon, citron, etc., originally natives of southern Asia.</def>

<h1>Cittern</h1>
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<hw>Cit"tern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>cithara</ets>, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Cithara</er>, <er>Gittern</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An instrument shaped like a lute, but strung with wire and played with a quill or plectrum.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cithern</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; Not to be confounded with <i>zither</i>.</note>

<h1>Cittern-head</h1>
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<hw>Cit"tern-head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Blockhead; dunce; -- so called because the handle of a cittern usually ended with a carved head.</def>

<i>Marsion</i>

<h1>City</h1>
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<hw>Cit"y</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>cite</ets>, F. <ets>cit</ets><?/, fr. L. <ets>civitas</ets> citizenship, state, city, fr. <ets>civis</ets> citizen; akin to Goth. <ets>heiwa</ets> (in <ets>heiwa</ets>frauja man of the house), AS. <?/, pl., members of a family, servants, <?/ family, G.  <ets>heirath</ets> marriage, prop., providing a house, E. <ets>hind</ets> a peasant.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large town.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A corporate town; in the United States, a town or collective body of inhabitants, incorporated and governed by a mayor and aldermen or a city council consisting of a board of aldermen and a common council; in Great Britain, a town corporate, which is or has been the seat of a bishop, or the capital of his see.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>city<b> is a town incorporated; which is, or has been, the see of a bishop; and though the bishopric has been dissolved, as at Westminster, it yet remaineth a <b>city<b>.
<i>Blackstone</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When Gorges constituted York a <b>city</b>, he of course meant it to be the seat of a bishop, for the word <b>city</b> has no other meaning in English law.
<i>Palfrey</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The collective body of citizens, or inhabitants of a city.</def>  "What is the <i>city</i> but the people?"

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Village</er>.</syn>

<h1>City</h1>
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<hw>Cit"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a city.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>City council</col>. <cd>See under <er>Council</er>.</cd> -- <col>City court</col>, <cd>The municipal court of a city.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>City ward</col>, <cd>a watchman, or the collective watchmen, of a city. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Cive</h1>
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<hw>Cive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Chive</er>.</def>

<h1>Civet</h1>
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<hw>Civ"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>civette</ets> (cf. It. <ets>zibetto</ets>) civet, civet cat, fr. LGr. <?/, fr. Ar. <ets>zub<?/d</ets>, <ets>zab<?/d</ets>, civet.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A substance, of the consistence of butter or honey, taken from glands in the anal pouch of the civet (<spn>Viverra civetta</spn>). It is of clear yellowish or brownish color, of a strong, musky odor, offensive when undiluted, but agreeble when a small portion is mixed with another substance. It is used as a perfume.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>The animal that produces civet (<spn>Viverra civetta</spn>); -- called also <altname>civet cat</altname>.  It is carnivorous, from two to three feet long, and of a brownish gray color, with transverse black bands and spots on the body and tail. It is a native of northern Africa and of Asia. The name is also applied to other species.</def>

<h1>Civet</h1>
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<hw>Civ"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To scent or perfume with civet.</def>

<i>Cowper</i>

<h1>Civic</h1>
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<hw>Civ"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.civicus, fr. <ets>civis</ets> citizen. See <er>City</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to, or derived from, a city or citizen; relating to man as a member of society, or to civil affairs.</def>

<cs><col>Civic crown</col> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>a crown or garland of oak leaves and acorns, bestowed on a soldier who had saved the life of a citizen in battle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Civicism</h1>
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<hw>Civ"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principle of civil government.</def>

<h1>Civics</h1>
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<hw>Civ"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of civil government.</def>

<h1>Civil</h1>
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<hw>Civ"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>civilis</ets>, fr. <ets>civis</ets> citizen: cf. F. <ets>civil</ets>. See <er>City</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to a city or state, or to a citizen in his relations to his fellow citizens or to the state; within the city or state.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Subject to government; reduced to order; civilized; not barbarous; -- said of the community.</def>

<blockquote>England was very rude and barbarous; for it is but even the other day since England grew <b>civil</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Performing the duties of a citizen; obedient to government; -- said of an individual.</def>

<blockquote><b>Civil</b> men come nearer the saints of God than others; they come within a step or two of heaven.
<i>Preston</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Having the manners of one dwelling in a city, as opposed to those of savages or rustics; polite; courteous; complaisant; affable.</def>

<note>&hand; "A <i>civil</i> man now is one observant of slight external courtesies in the mutual intercourse between man and man; a <i>civil</i> man once was one who fulfilled all the duties and obligations flowing from his position as a 'civis' and his relations to the other members of that 'civitas.'"</note>

<i>Trench</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Pertaining to civic life and affairs, in distinction from military, ecclesiastical, or official state.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Relating to rights and remedies sought by action or suit distinct from criminal proceedings.</def>

<cs><col>Civil action</col>, <cd>an action to enforce the rights or redress the wrongs of an individual, not involving a criminal proceeding.</cd> -- <col>Civil architecture</col>, <cd>the architecture which is employed in constructing buildings for the purposes of civil life, in distinction from military and naval architecture, as private houses, palaces, churches, etc.</cd> -- <col>Civil death</col>. <fld>(Law.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Death</er>.</cd> -- <col>Civil engineering</col>. <cd>See under <er>Engineering</er>.</cd> -- <col>Civil law</col>. <cd>See under <er>Law</er>.</cd> -- <col>Civil list</col>. <cd>See under <er>List</er>.</cd> -- <col>Civil remedy</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>that given to a person injured, by action, as opposed to a criminal prosecution.</cd> -- <col>Civil service</col>, <cd>all service rendered to and paid for by the state or nation other than that pertaining to naval or military affairs.</cd> -- <col>Civil service reform</col>, <cd>the substitution of business principles and methods for the spoils system in the conduct of the civil service, esp. in the matter of appointments to office.</cd> -- <col>Civil state</col>, <cd>the whole body of the laity or citizens not included under the military, maritime, and ecclesiastical states.</cd> -- <col>Civil suit</col>. <cd>Same as <i>Civil action<i>.</cd> -- <col>CCivil war</col>. <cd>See under <er>War</er>.</cd> -- <col>Civil year</col>. <cd>See under <er>Year</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Civilian</h1>
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<hw>Ci*vil"ian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Civil</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One skilled in the civil law.</def>

<blockquote>Ancient <b>civilians</b> and writers upon government.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A student of the civil law at a university or college.</def>

<i>R. Graves.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One whose pursuits are those of civil life, not military or clerical.</def>

<h1>Civilist</h1>
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<hw>Civ"il*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A civilian.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Warbur<?/on.</i>

<h1>Civillty</h1>
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<hw>Ci*vil"l*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Civilities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>civilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>civilit\'82</ets>. See <er>Civil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of society in which the relations and duties of a citizen are recognized and obeyed; a state of civilization.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Monarchies have risen from barbarrism to <b>civility</b>, and fallen again to ruin.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The gradual depature of all deeper signification from the word <b>civility</b> has obliged the creation of another word -- civilization.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A civil office, or a civil process</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To serve in a <b>civility</b>.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Courtesy; politeness; kind attention; good breeding; a polite act or expression.</def>

<blockquote>The insolent <b>civility</b> of a proud man is, if possible, more shocking than his rudeness could be.
<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The sweet <b>civilities</b> of life.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Urbanity; affability; complaisance.</syn>

<h1>Civilizable</h1>
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<hw>Civ"i*li`za*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being civilized.</def>

<h1>Civilization</h1>
<Xpage=260>

<hw>Civ`i*li*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>civilisation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of civilizing, or the state of being civilized; national culture; refinement.</def>

<blockquote>Our manners, our civilization, and all the good things connected with manners, and with <b>civilization</b>, have, in this European world of ours, depended for ages upon two principles -- . . . the spirit of a gentleman, and spirit of religion.
<i>Burke</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Rendering a criminal process civil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Civilize</h1>
<Xpage=260>

<hw>Civ"i*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Civilized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Civilizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>civilizer</ets>, fr.L. <ets>civilis</ets> civil. See <er>Civil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reclaim from a savage state; to instruct in the rules and customs of civilization; to educate; to refine.</def>

<blockquote>Yet blest that fate which did his arms dispose
Her land to <b>civilize</b>, as to subdue.
<i>Dryden</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To admit as suitable to a civilized state.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark> "<i>Civilizing</i> adultery."

<i>Milton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To polish; refine; humanize.</syn>

<h1>Civilized</h1>
<Xpage=260>

<hw>Civ"i*lized</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Reclaimed from savage life and manners; instructed in arts, learning, and civil manners; refined; cultivated.</def>

<blockquote>Sale of conscience and duty in open market is not reconcilable with the present state of <b>civilized</b> society.
<i>J. Quincy.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Civilizer</h1>
<Xpage=260>

<hw>Civ"i*li*zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, civilizes or tends to civilize.</def>

<h1>Civily</h1>
<Xpage=260>

<hw>Civ"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a civil manner; as regards civil rights and privileges; politely; courteously; in a well bred manner.</def>

<h1>Civism</h1>
<Xpage=260>

<hw>Civ"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>civisme</ets>, fr.L. <ets>civis</ets> citizen.]</ety> <def>State of citizenship.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dyer.</i>

<h1>Cizar</h1>
<Xpage=260>

<hw>Ciz"ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cizars</er>.]</ety> <def>To clip with scissors.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Cizars</h1>
<Xpage=260>

<hw>Ciz"ars</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Scissors.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Cize</h1>
<Xpage=260>

<hw>Cize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bulk; largeness. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Size</er>.</def>

<h1>Clabber</h1>
<Xpage=260>

<hw>Clab"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bonnyclabber</er>]</ety> <def>Milk curdled so as to become thick.</def>

<h1>Clabber</h1>
<Xpage=260>

<hw>Clab"ber</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become clabber; to lopper.</def>

<h1>Clachan</h1>
<Xpage=260>

<hw>Clach"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot., fr.Gael.]</ety> <def>A small village containing a church.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott</i>

<blockquote>Sitting at the <b>clachon alehouse</b>.
<i>R. L. Stevenson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clack</h1>
<Xpage=260>

<hw>Clack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clacked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clacking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. of imitative origin; cf. F.<ets>claquer</ets> to clap, crack, D. <ets>klakken</ets>, MHG. <ets>klac</ets> crack, Ir. <ets>clagaim</ets> I make a noise, ring. Cf. <er>Clack</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Clatter</er>, <er>Click</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a sudden, sharp noise, or a succesion of such noises, as by striking an object, or by collision of parts; to rattle; to click.</def>

<blockquote>We heard Mr.Hodson's whip <b>clacking</b> on the ahoulders of the poor little wretches.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 261  -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To utter words rapidly and continually, or with abruptness; to let the tongue run.</def>

<h1>Clack</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to make a sudden, sharp noise, or succession of noises; to click.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To utter rapidly and inconsiderately.</def>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<cs><col>To clack wool</col>, <cd>to cut off the sheep's mark, in order to make the wool weigh less and thus yield less duty</cd>. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Clack</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clack</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>claque</ets> a slap or smack, MHG. <ets>klac</ets> crack, W. <ets>clec</ets> crack, gossip. See <er>Clack</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sharp, abrupt noise, or succession of noises, made by striking an object.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything that causes a clacking noise, as the clapper of a mill, or a clack valve.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Continual or importunate talk; prattle; prating.</def>

<blockquote>Whose chief intent is to vaunt his spiritual <b>clack</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Clack box</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>the box or chamber in which a clack valve works.</cd> -- <col>Clack dish</col>, <cd>a dish with a movable lid, formerly carried by beggars, who clacked the lid to attract notice.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Clack door</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>removable cover of the opening through which access is had to a pump valve.</cd> -- <col>Clack valve</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a valve; esp. one hinged at one edge, which, when raised from its seat, falls with a clacking sound.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clacker</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clack"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who clacks; that which clacks; especially, the clapper of a mill.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A claqueur. See <er>Claqueur</er>.</def>

<h1>Clad</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.t</tt> <def>To clothe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Clad</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clad</hw>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Clothe</er>.</def>

<h1>Cladocera</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Cla*doc"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a sprout + <?/ a horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of the Entomostraca.</def>

<note>&hand; They have a bivalve shell, covering the body but not the head, and from four to six pairs of legs and two pairs of anten\'91, for use in swimming. They mostly inhabit fresh water.</note>

<h1>Cladophyll</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clad"o*phyll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a sprout + <?/ a leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A special branch, resembling a leaf, as in the apparent foliage of the broom (<spn>Ruscus</spn>) and of the common cultivated smilax (<spn>Myrsiphillum</spn>).</def>

<h1>Claggy</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clag"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Clog</er>.]</ety> <def>Adhesive; -- said of a roof in a mine to which coal clings.</def>

<h1>Claik</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Claik</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Clake</er>.</def>

<h1>Claim</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Claim</hw> <tt>(kl\'bem)</tt>, <tt>v.<?/.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Claimed</er> <tt>(kl\'bemd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Claiming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>clamen</ets>, <ets>claimen</ets>, OF. <ets>clamer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>clamare</ets> to cry out, call; akin to <ets>calare</ets> to proclaim, Gr. <?/ to call, Skr. <ets>kal</ets> to sound, G. <ets>holen</ets> to fetch, E. <ets>hale</ets> haul.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ask for, or seek to obtain, by virtue of authority, right, or supposed right; to challenge as a right; to demand as due.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To proclaim.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To call or name.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To assert; to maintain.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Claim</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Claim</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be entitled to anything; to deduce a right or title; to have a claim.</def>

<blockquote>We must know how the first ruler, from whom any one <b>claims</b>, came by his authority.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Claim</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Claim</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of. <ets>claim</ets> cry, complaint, from <ets>clamer</ets>. See <er>Claim</er>, v.t.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A demand of a right or supposed right; a calling on another for something due or supposed to be due; an assertion of a right or fact.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A right to claim or demand something; a title to any debt, privilege, or other thing in possession of another; also, a title to anything which another should give or concede to, or confer on, the claimant.</def> "A bar to all <i>claims</i> upon land."

<i>Hallam.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The thing claimed or demanded; that (as land) to which any one intends to establish a right; as a settler's <i>claim</i>; a miner's <i>claim</i>.</def> <mark>[U.S. & Australia]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A laoud call.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser</i>

<blockquote>To lay claim to, to demand as a right. "Doth he <b>lay claim to</b> thine inheritance?"
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Claimable</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Claim"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being claimed.</def>

<h1>Claimant</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Claim"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>OF</er>. <ets>clamant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>clamer</ets>. Cf.<er>Clamant</er>.]</ety> <def>One who claims; one who asserts a right or title; a claimer.</def>

<h1>Claimer</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Claim"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who claims; a claimant.</def>

<h1>Claimless</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Claim"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no claim.</def>

<h1>Clair-obscur</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clair"-ob*scur"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Clare-obscure</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Chiaroscuro</er>.</def>

<h1>Clairvoyance</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clair*voy"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A power, attributed to some persons while in a mesmeric state, of discering objects not perceptible by the senses in their normal condition.</def>

<h1>Clairvoyant</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clair*voy"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>clair</ets> clear + <ets>voyant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>voir</ets> to see. See <er>Clear</er>, and <er>Vision</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to clairvoyance; discerning objects while in a mesmeric state which are not present to the senses.</def>

<h1>Clairvoyant</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clair*voy"ant</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is able, when in a mesmeric state, to discern objects not present to the senses.</def>

<h1>Clake, Claik</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw><hw>Clake</hw>, <hw>Claik</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bernicle goose; -- called also <altname>clack goose</altname>.</def><-- now called barnacle goose-->

<h1>Clam</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Clamp</er>, <er>Clam</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Clammy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bivalve mollusk of many kinds, especially those that are edible; <as>as, the long <ex>clam</ex> (<spn>Mya arenaria</spn>), the quahog or round <ex>clam</ex> (<spn>Venus mercenaria</spn>), the sea <ex>clam</ex> or hen <ex>clam</ex> (<spn>Spisula solidissima</spn>), and other species of the United States</as>. The name is said to have been given originally to the <spn>Tridacna gigas</spn>, a huge East Indian bivalve.</def>

<blockquote>You shall scarce find any bay or shallow shore, or cove of sand, where you may not take many <b>clampes</b>, or lobsters, or both, at your pleasure.
<i>Capt. John Smith (1616).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Clams</b>, or <b>clamps</b>, is a shellfish not much unlike a coclke; it lieth under the sand.
<i>Wood (1634).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>   <fld>(Ship Carp.)</fld> <def>Strong pinchers or forceps.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A kind of vise, usually of wood.</def>

<cs><col>Blood clam</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blood</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clam</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam</hw> <tt>(cl\'ddm)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clammed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clamming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>cl\'91man</ets> to clam, smear; akin to Icel. <ets>kleima</ets> to smear, OHG. <ets>kleimjan</ets>, <ets>chleimen</ets>, to defile, or E. <ets>clammy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To clog, as with glutinous or viscous matter.</def>

<blockquote>A swarm of wasps got into a honey pot, and there they cloyed and <b>clammed</b> Themselves till there was no getting out again.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clam</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be moist or glutinous; to stick; to adhere.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden</i>

<h1>Clam</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Claminess; moisture.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>clam</i> of death."

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Clam</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>clamor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A crash or clangor made by ringing all the bells of a chime at once.</def>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Clam</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To produce, in bell ringing, a clam or clangor; to cause to clang.</def>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Clamant</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Cla"mant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>clamans</ets>, p. pr. of clamare to call. Cf. <er>Claimant</er>.]</ety> <def>Crying earnestly, beseeching clamorousky.</def> "<i>Clamant</i> children."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Clamation</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Cla*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>clamatio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>clamare</ets> to call.]</ety> <def>The act of crying out.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Clamatores</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam`a*to"res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>clamator</ets>, pl. <ets>clamatores</ets>, a bawler.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of passerine birds in which the vocal muscles are but little developed, so that they lack the power of singing.</def>

<h1>Clamatorial</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam`a*to"rial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the Clamatores.</def>

<h1>Clambake</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam"bake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The backing or steaming of clams on heated stones, between layers of seaweed; hence, a picnic party, gathered on such an occasion.</def>

<h1>Clamber</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clambered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clambering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE <ets>clambren</ets>, <ets>clameren</ets>, to heap together, climb; akin to Icel. <ets>klambra</ets> to clamp, G. <ets>klammern</ets>. Cf. <er>Clamp</er>, <er>Climb</er>.]</ety> <def>To climb with difficulty, or with hands and feet; -- also used figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>The narrow street that <b>clambered</b> toward the mill.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clamber</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam"ber</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of clambering.</def>

<i>T. Moore.</i>

<h1>Clamber</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam"ber</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To ascend by climbing with difficulty.</def>

<blockquote><b>Clambering</b> the walls to eye him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clamjamphrie</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam*jam"phrie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Low, worthless people; the rabble.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Clammily</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam"mi*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a clammy manner.</def> "Oozing so <i>clammily</i>."

<i>Hood.</i>

<h1>Clamminess</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam"mi*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being clammy or viscous.</def>

<h1>Clammy</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Clammier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; superl. <er>Clammiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>cl\'bem</ets> clay. See <er>Clam</er> to clog, and cf. <er>Clay</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of being viscous or adhesive; soft and sticky; glutinous; damp and adhesive, as if covered with a cold perspiration.</def>

<h1>Clamor</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>clamour</ets>, <ets>clamur</ets>, F. <ets>clameur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>clamor</ets>, fr. <ets>clamare</ets> to cry out. See <er>Claim</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A great outcry or vociferation; loud and continued shouting or exclamation.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any loud and continued noise.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A continued expression of dissatisfaction or discontent; a popular outcry.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Outcry; exclamation; noise; uproar.</syn>

<h1>Clamor</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam"or</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clamored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clamoring</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To salute loudly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The people with a shout
Rifted the air, <b>clamoring</b> their god with praise.
<i>Milton</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stun with noise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To utter loudly or repeatedly; to shout.</def>

<blockquote><b>Clamored</b> their piteous prayer incessantly.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To clamor bells, to repeat the strokes quickly so as to produce a loud clang.
<i>Bp. Warbur<?/ion.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clamor</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam"or</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To utter loud sounds or outcries; to vociferate; to complain; to make importunate demands.</def>

<blockquote>The obscure bird
<b>Clamored</b> the livelong night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clamorer</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam"or*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who clamors.</def>

<h1>Clamorous</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clam"or*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>clamorosus</ets>, for L. <ets>Clamosus</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>clamoreux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Speaking and repeating loud words; full of clamor; calling or demanding loudly or urgently; vociferous; noisy; bawling; loud; turbulent.</def> "My young ones were <i>clamorous</i> for a morning's excursion."

<i>Southey.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Clam"or*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Clam"or*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Clamp</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clamp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LG. & D. <ets>klamp</ets>, Dan. <ets>klampe</ets>, also D. <ets>klampen</ets> to fasten, clasp. Cf. <er>Clam<?/er</er>, <er>Cramp</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something rigid that holds fast or binds things together; a piece of wood or metal, used to hold two or more pieces together.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument with a screw or screws by which work is held in its place or two parts are temporarily held together.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Joinery)</fld> <def>A piece of wood placed across another, or inserted into another, to bind or strengthen.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of a pair of movable pieces of lead, or other soft material, to cover the jaws of a vise and enable it to grasp without bruising.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A thick plank on the inner part of a ship's side, used to sustuan the ends of beams.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A mass of bricks heaped up to be burned; or of ore for roasting, or of coal coking.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A mollusk. See <er>Clam</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Clamp nails, nails used to fasten on clamps in ships.

<h1>Clamp</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clamp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clamped</er> <tt>(?; 215)</tt> <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clamping</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fasten with a clamp or clamps; to apply a clamp to; to place in a clamp.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover, as vegetables, with earth.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Clamp</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clamp</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. an imitative word. Cf.<er>Clank</er>.]</ety> <def>A heavy footstep; a tramp.</def>

<h1>Clamp</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clamp</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To tread heavily or clumsily; to clump.</def>

<blockquote>The policeman with <b>clamping</b> feet.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clamper</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clamp"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instrument of iron, with sharp prongs, attached to a boot or shoe to enable the wearer to walk securely upon ice; a creeper.</def>

<i>Kane.</i>

<h1>Clan</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>clann</ets> offspring, descendants; akin to Ir. <ets>clann</ets>, <ets>cland</ets>, offspring, tribe, family; perh. from L. <ets>plania</ets> scion, slip, cutting. Cf. <er>Plant</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tribe or collection of families, united under a chieftain, regarded as having the same common ancestor, and bearing the same surname; <as>as, the <ex>clan</ex> of Macdonald</as>.</def> "I have marshaled my <i>clan</i>."

<i>Campbell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A clique; a sect, society, or body of persons; esp., a body of persons united by some common interest or pursuit; -- sometimes used contemptuously.</def>

<blockquote>Partidge and the rest of his <b>clan</b> may hoot me.
<i>Smolett.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The whole <b>clan</b> of the enlightened among us.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clancular</h1>
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<hw>Clan"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>clancularius</ets> , from <ets>clanculum</ets> secretly, adv. dim. of <ets>clam</ets> secretly.]</ety> <def>Conducted with secrecy; clandestine; concealed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Not close and <b>clancular</b>, but frank and open.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clancularly</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clan"cu*lar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>privately; secretly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Clandestine</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clan*des"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>clandestinus</ets>, fr. <ets>clam</ets> secretly; akin to <ets>celare</ets>, E. <ets>conceal</ets>: cf. F. <ets>clandestin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Conducted with secrecy; withdrawn from public notice, usually for an evil purpose; kept secret; hidden; private; underhand; <as>as, a <ex>clandestine</ex> marriage</as>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Hidden; secret; private; concealed; underhand; sly; stealthy; surreptitious; furtive; fraudulent.</syn>

 -- <wordforms><wf>Clan*des"tine*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Clan*des"tine*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Clandestinity</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clan`des*tin"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Privacy or secrecy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Clang</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clanged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clanging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>clangere</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/ to clash, scream; or perh.  to E. <ets>clank</ets>.]</ety> <def>To strike together so as to produce a ringing metallic sound.</def>

<blockquote>The fierce Caretes . . . <b>clanged</b> their sounding arms.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clang</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clang</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To give out a clang; to resound.</def> "<tt>Clanging </tt>hoofs."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Clang</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clang</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A loud, ringing sound, like that made by metallic substances when clanged or struck together.</def>

<blockquote>The broadsword's deadly <b>clang</b>,
As if a thousand anvils rang.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Qualyty of tone.</def>

<h1>Clangor</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clan"gor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>clangere</ets>. See <er>Clang</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A sharp, harsh, ringing sound.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Clangorous</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clan"gor*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>clangorosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Making a clangor; having a ringing, metallic sound.</def>

<h1>Clangous</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clan"gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making a clang, or a ringing metallic sound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Clanjamfrie</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clan*jam"frie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Clamjamphrie</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Clank</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to <ets>clink</ets>, and of imitative origin; cf. G. <ets>klang</ets> sound, D. <ets>klank</ets>. Cf. <er>Clang</er>.]</ety> <def>A sharp, brief, ringing sound, made by a collision of metallic or other sonorous bodies; -- usually expressing a duller or less resounding sound than <i>clang</i>, and a deeper and stronger sound than <i>clink</i>.</def>

<blockquote>But not in chains to pine,
His spirit withered with tyeur <b>clank</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clank</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clank</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clanked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clanking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause to sound with a clank; <as>as, the prisoners <ex>clank</ex> their chains</as>.</def>

<h1>Clank</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clank</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sound with a clank.</def>

<h1>Clankless</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clank"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a clank.</def>

<i>Byreon.</i>

<h1>Clannish</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clan"nish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a clan; closely united, like a clan; disposed to associate only with one's clan or clique; actuated by the traditions, prejudices, habits, etc., of a clan.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Clan"nish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Clan"nish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Clanship</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clan"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being united togheter as in a clan; an association under a chieftain.</def>

<h1>Clansman</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clans"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Clansmen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> One belonging to the same clan with another.</def>

<h1>Clap</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clapped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clapping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>clappan</ets>; akin to Icel. & Sw. <ets>klappa</ets>, D, <ets>klappen</ets>, to clap, prate, G. <ets>klaffen</ets>, v.i., to split open, yelp, <ets>klopfen</ets>, v.t. & i., to knock.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike; to slap; to strike, or strike together, with a quick motion, so, as to make a sharp noise; <as>as, to <ex>clap</ex> one's hands; a <ex>clapping</ex> of wings.</as></def>

<blockquote>Then like a bird it sits and sings,
And whets and <b>claps</b> its silver wings.
<i>Marvell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To thrust, drive, put, or close, in a hasty or abrupt manner; -- often followed by <i>to</i>, <i>into</i>, <i>on</i>, or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He had just time to get in and <b>clap</b> to the door.
<i>Locke</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Clap</b> an extinguaisher upon your irony.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To manifest approbation of, by striking the hands together; to applaud; <as>as, to <ex>clap</ex> a performance</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To clap hands</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To pledge faith by joining hands. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To express contempt or derision.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Lam. ii. 15.</i>

<cs><col>To clap hold of</col>, <cd>to seize roughly or quickly.</cd> -- <col>To clap up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To imprison hastily or without due formality.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To make or contrive hastily.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Was ever match <i>clapped up</i> so suddenly?"

<i>Shak.</i></cs>

<h1>Clap</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To knock, as at a door.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strike the hands together in applause.</def>

<blockquote>Their ladies bid them <b>clap</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To come together suddenly with noise.</def>

<blockquote>The doors around me <b>clapped</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To enter with alacrity and briskness; -- with <i>to</i> or</def> <i>into</i>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Shall we <i>clap</i> into it roundly, without . . . saying we are hoarse?"

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To talk noisily; to chatter loudly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Clap</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A loud noise made by sudden collision; a bang.</def> "Give the door such a <i>clap</i>, as you go out, as will shake the whole room."

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A burst of sound; a sudden explosion.</def>

<blockquote>Horrible <b>claps</b> of thunder.
<i>Hakewill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A single, sudden act or motion; a stroke; a blow.</def>

<blockquote>What, fifty of my followers at a <b>clap</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A striking of hands to express approbation.</def>

<blockquote>Unextrected <b>claps</b> or hisses.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Noisy talk; chatter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>The nether part of the beak of a hawk.</def>

<cs><col>Clap dish</col>. <cd>See <cref>Clack dish</cref>, under <er>Clack</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Clap net</col>, <cd>a net for taking birds, made to close or clap together.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clap</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>clapoir</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gonorrhea.</def>

<h1>Clapboard</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clap"board</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A narrow board, thicker at one edge than at the other; -- used for weatherboarding the outside of houses.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stave for a cask.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Clapboard</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clap"board</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with clapboards; <as>as, to <ex>clapboard</ex> the sides of a house</as>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Clapbread, Clapcake</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw><hw>Clap"bread`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Clap"cake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Oatmeal cake or bread clapped or beaten till it is thin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Clape</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clape</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird; the flicker.</def>

<h1>Clapper</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clap"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person who claps.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which strikes or claps, as the tongue of a bell, or the piece of wood that strikes a mill hopper, etc. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Bell</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Clapper rail</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Americam species of rail (<spn>Rallus scepitans</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Clapper</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clap"per</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>clapier</ets>.]</ety> <def>A rabbit burrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Clapperclaw</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clap"per*claw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Clap</ets> + <ets>claw</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fight and scratch.</def>

<i>C. Smart.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To abuse with the tongue; to revile; to scold.</def>

<h1>Claps</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Claps</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Variant of <er>Clasp</er></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Claptrap</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clap"trap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A contrivance for clapping in theaters.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A trick or device to gain applause; humbug.</def>

<h1>Claptrap</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clap"trap`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Contrived for the purpose of making a show, or gaining applause; deceptive; unreal.</def>

<h1>Claque</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Claque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A collection of persons employed to applaud at a theatrical exhibition.</def>

<h1>Claqueur</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Cla`queur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>One of the claque employed to applaud at a theater.</def>

<h1>Clare</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clare</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nun of the order of St.Clare.</def>

<h1>Clarence</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clar"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A close four-wheeled carriage, with one seat inside, and a seat for the driver.</def>

<h1>Clarenceux, Clarencieux</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw><hw>Clar"en*ceux</hw>, <hw>Clar"en*cieux</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>King-at-arms</er>.</def>

<h1>Clarendon</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clar"en*don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A style of type having a narrow and heave face. It is made in all sizes.</def>

<note>&hand; This line is in nonpareil Clarendon.</note>

<h1>Clare-obscure</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clare"-ob*scure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>clarus</ets> clear + <ets>obscurus</ets> obscure; cf. F. <ets>clair-obscur</ets>. Cf. <er>Chiaroscuro</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Painting)</fld> <def>See <er>Chiaroscuro</er>.</def>

<h1>Claret</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clar"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>claret</ets>, <ets>clare</ets>, <ets>clarry</ets>, OF. <ets>claret</ets>, <ets>clar<?/</ets>, fr. <ets>cler</ets>, F. <ets>clair</ets>, clear, fr. L. <ets>clarus</ets> clear. See <er>Clear</er>.]</ety> <def>The name firat given in England to the red wines of M<?/doc, in France, and afterwards extended to all the red Bordeaux wines. The name is also given to similar wines made in the United States.</def>

<h1>Claribella</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clar`i*bel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>clarus</ets> clear + <ets>bellus</ets> fine.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A soft, sweet stop, or set of open wood pipes in an organ.</def>

<h1>Clarichord</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clar"i*chord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>clatocorde</ets>, fr.L. <ets>clarus</ets> clear + <ets>chorda</ets> string. See <er>Chord</er>.]</ety> <def>A musical instrument, formerly in use, in form of a spinet; -- called also <altname>manichord</altname> and <altname>clavichord</altname>.</def>

<h1>Clarification</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clar`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>clarification</ets>, L. <ets>clarificatio</ets> glorification.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of making clear or transparent, by freeing visible impurities; <as>as, the <ex>clarification</ex> of wine</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of freeing from obscurities.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>clarification</b> of men's ideas.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clarifier</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clar"i*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which clarifies.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vessel in which the process of clarification is conducted; <as>as, the <ex>clarifier</ex> in sugar works</as>.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Clarify</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clar"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clarified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clarifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>clarifier</ets>, from L. <ets>clarificare</ets>; <ets>clarus</ets> clear + <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Clear</er>, and <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make clear or bright by freeing from feculent matter; to defecate; to fine; -- said of liquids, as wine or sirup.</def> "Boiled and <i>clarified</i>."

<i>Ure.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make clear; to free from obscurities; to brighten or illuminate.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>clarify</b> his reason, and to rectify his will.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To glorify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Fadir, <b>clarifie</b> thi name.
<i>Wyclif (John ii. 28).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clarify</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clar"i*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grow or become clear or transparent; to become free from feculent impurities, as wine or other liquid under clarification.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grow clear or bright; to clear up.</def>

<blockquote>Whosoever hath his mind fraught with many thoughts, his wits and understanding do <b>clarify</b> and break up in the discoursing with another.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clarigate</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clar"i*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>clarigare</ets>]</ety> <def>To declare war with certain ceremonies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Clarinet</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clar"i*net`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>clarinette</ets>, dim. of <ets>clarine</ets>, from L. <ets>clarus</ets>. See <er>Clear</er>, and cf. <er>Clarion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A wind instrument, blown by a single reed, of richer and fuller tone than the oboe, which has a double reed. It is the leading instrument in a military band. <note>[Often improperly called <i>clarionet</i>.]</note></def>

<h1>Clarino</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Cla*ri"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. a trumpet.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A reed stop in an organ.</def>

<h1>Clarion</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clar"i*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>clarioun</ets>, OF. <ets>clarion</ets>, F. <ets>clairon</ets>, LL. <ets>clario</ets>, <ets>claro</ets>; so called from its clear tone, fr. L. <ets>clarus</ets> clear. See <er>Clear</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of trumpet, whose note is clear and shrill.</def>

<blockquote>He sounds his imperial <b>clarion</b> along the whole line of battle.
<i>E. Everett.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clarionet</h1>
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<hw>Clar`i*o*net"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Clarion</er>, <er>Clarinet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Clarinet</er>.</def>

<h1>Clarisonus</h1>
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<hw>Cla*ris"o*nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>clarisonus</ets>; <ets>clarus + sonus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a clear sound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Claritude</h1>
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<hw>Clar"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>claritudo</ets>, fr. <ets>clarus</ets> clear.]</ety> <def>Clearness; splendor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Clarity</h1>
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<hw>Clar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>claritas</ets>, fr. <ets>clarus</ets> clear: cf. F. <ets>clart\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Clearness; brightness; splendor.</def>

<blockquote>Floods, in whose more than crystal <b>clarity</b>,
Innumerable virgin graces row.
<i>Beaumont.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Claro-obscuro</h1>
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<hw>Cla"ro-ob*scu"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Chiaroscuro</er>.</def>

<h1>Clarr\'82</h1>
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<hw>Clar`r\'82"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Claret</er>.]</ety> <def>Wine with a mixture of honey and species.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Clart</h1>
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<hw>Clart</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Armor. <ets>kalar</ets> mud, mire, <ets>kalara</ets> to dirt, Sw. <ets>lort</ets> mud.]</ety> <def>To daub, smear, or spread, as with mud, etc.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Clarty</h1>
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<hw>Clart"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sticky and foul; muddy; filthy; dirty.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Clary</h1>
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<hw>Clar"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Clarion</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a loud or shrill noise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Golding.</i>

<h1>Clary</h1>
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<hw>Cla"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>sclarea</ets>, <ets>scarlea</ets>, D. & G. <ets>scharlei</ets>, F. <ets>sclar\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Salvia sclarea</spn>) of the Sage family, used in flavoring soups.</def>

<cs><col>Clary water</col>, <cd>a composition of clary flowers with brandy, etc., formerly used as a cardiac.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clash</h1>
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<hw>Clash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clashed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of imitative origin; cf. G. <ets>klatschen</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>kleschen</ets>, D. <ets>kletsen</ets>, Dan. <ets>klaske</ets>, E. <ets>clack</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a noise by striking against something; to dash noisily together.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To meet in opposition; to act in a contrary direction; to come onto collision; to interfere.</def>

<blockquote>However some of his interests might <b>clash</b> with those of the chief adjacent colony.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clash</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clash</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To strike noisily against or together.</def>

<h1>Clash</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clash</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A loud noise resulting from collision; a noisy collision of bodies; a collision.</def>

<blockquote>The roll of cannon and <b>clash</b> of arms.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Opposition; contradiction; as between differing or contending interests, views, purposes, etc.</def>

<blockquote><b>Clashes</b> between popes and kings.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clashingly</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clash"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With clashing.</def>

<h1>Clasp</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clasp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clasped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clasping</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>claspen</ets>, <ets>clapsen</ets>, prob. akin to E. <ets>clap</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shut or fasten together with, or as with, a clasp; to shut or fasten (a clasp, or that which fastens with a clasp).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inclose and hold in the hand or with the arms; to grasp; to embrace.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To surround and cling to; to entwine about.</def> "<i>Clasping</i> ivy."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Clasp</h1>
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<hw>Clasp</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An adjustable catch, bent plate, or hook, for holding together two objects or the parts of anything, as the ends of a belt, the covers of a book, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A close embrace; a throwing of the arms around; a grasping, as with the hand.</def>

<cs><col>Clasp knife</col>, <cd>a large knife, the blade of which folds or shuts into the handle.</cd> -- <col>Clasp lock</col>, <cd>a lock which closes or secures itself by means of a spring.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clasper</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clasp"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, clasps, as a tendril.</def> "The <i>claspers</i> of vines."

<i>Derham.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of a pair of organs used by the male for grasping the female among many of the Crustacea.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of a pair of male copulatory organs, developed on the anterior side of the ventral fins of sharks and other elasmobranchs. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Chim\'91ra</er>.</def>

<h1>Claspered</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clasp"ered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with tendrils.</def>

<h1>Class</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Class</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>classe</ets>, fr. L. <ets>classis</ets> class, collection, fleet; akin to Gr. <?/ a calling, <?/ to call, E. <ets>claim</ets>, <ets>haul</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A group of individuals ranked together as possessing common characteristics; <as>as, the different <ex>classes</ex> of society; the educated <ex>class</ex>; the lower <ex>classes</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A number of students in a school or college, of the same standing, or pursuing the same studies.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A comprehensive division of animate or inanimate objects, grouped together on account of their common characteristics, in any classification in natural science, and subdivided into orders, families, tribes, gemera, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A set; a kind or description, species or variety.</def>

<blockquote>She had lost one <b>class</b> energies.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Methodist Church)</fld> <def>One of the sections into which a church or congregation is divided, and which is under the supervision of a <i>class leader</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Class of a curve</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the kind of a curve as expressed by the number of tangents that can be drawn from any point to the curve. A circle is of the second class.</cd> -- <col>Class meeting</col> <fld>(Methodist Church)</fld>, <cd>a meeting of a class under the charge of a class leader, for counsel and relegious instruction.</cd></cs>

<h1>Class</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Class</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Classed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Classing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>classer</ets>. See <er>Class</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To arrange in classes; to classify or refer to some class; <as>as, to <ex>class</ex> words or passages</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; In scientific arrangement, to <i>classify</i> is used instead of to <i>class</i>.</note>

<i>Dana.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To divide into classes, as students; to form into, or place in, a class or classes.</def>

<h1>Class</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Class</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grouped or classed.</def>

<blockquote>The genus or famiky under which it <b>classes</b>.
<i>Tatham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Classible</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Class"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being classed.</def>

<h1>Classic, Classical</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw><hw>Clas"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Clas"sic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>classicus</ets> relating to the classes of the Roman people, and especially to the frist class; hence, of the first rank, superior, from <ets>classis</ets> class: cf. F. <ets>classique</ets>. See <er>Class</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or relating to the first class or rank, especially in literature or art.</def>

<blockquote>Give, as thy last memorial to the age,
One <b>classic</b> drama, and reform the stage.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Mr. Greaves may justly be reckoned a <b>classical</b> author on this subject [Roman weights and coins].
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks and Romans, esp. to Greek or Roman authors of the highest rank, or of the period when their best literature was produced; of or pertaining to places inhabited by the ancient Greeks and Romans, or rendered famous by their deeds.</def>

<blockquote>Though throned midst Latium's <b>classic</b> plains.
<i>Mrs. Hemans.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The epithet <b>classical</b>, as applied to ancient authors, is determined less by the purity of their style than by the period at which they wrote.
<i>Brande & C.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He [Atterbury] directed the <b>classical</b> studies of the undergraduates of his college.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Conforming to the best authority in literature and art; chaste; pure; refined; <as>as, a <ex>classical</ex> style</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Classical</b>, provincial, and national synods.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Classicals orders</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Order</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Classic</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clas"sic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A work of acknowledged excellence and authrity, or its author; -- originally used of Greek and Latin works or authors, but now applied to authors and works of a like character in any language.</def>

<blockquote>In is once raised him to the rank of a legitimate English <b>classic</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One learned in the literature of Greece and Rome, or a student of classical literature.</def>

<h1>Classicalism</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clas"sic*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A classical idiom, style, or expression; a classicism.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Adherence to what are supposed or assumed to be the classical canons of art.</def>

<h1>Classicalist</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clas"sic*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adheres to what he thinks the classical canons of art.</def>

<i>Ruskin.</i>

<h1>Classicality, Classicalness</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw><hw>Clas`si*cal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Clas"sic*al*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being classical.</def>

<h1>Classically</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clas"sic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a classical manner; according to the manner of classical authors.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the manner of classes; according to a regular order of classes or sets.</def>

<h1>Classicism</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clas"si*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A classic idiom or expression; a classicalism.</def>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Classicist</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clas"si*cist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One learned in the classics; an advocate for the classics.</def>

<h1>Classifiable</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clas"si*fi`a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being classified.</def>

<h1>Classific</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clas*sif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterizing a class or classes; relating to classification.</def>

<h1>Classification</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clas`si*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>classification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of forming into a class or classes; a distibution into groups, as classes, orders, families, etc., according to some common relations or affinities.</def>

<cs><col>Artificial classification</col>. <fld>(Science)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Artifitial</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Classificatory</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clas"si*fi*ca`to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to classification; admitting of classification.</def> "A <i>classificatory</i> system."

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Classifier</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clas"si*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who classifies.</def>

<h1>Classify</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clas"si*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & pp.</tt> <er>Classified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Classifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>classis</ets> class + <?/]</ety> <def>To distribute into classes; to arrange according to a system; to arrnge in sets according to some method founded on common properties or characters.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To arrange; distibute; rank.</syn>

<h1>Classis</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clas"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Classes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. See <er>Class</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A class or order; sort; kind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His opinion of that <b>classis</b> of men.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An ecclesiastical body or judicat<?/ry in certain churches, as the Reformed Dutch. It is intermediate between the consistory and the synod, and corresponds to the presbutery in the Presbuterian church.</def>

<h1>Classman</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Class"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Classmen</plw><tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A member of a class; a classmate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A candidate for graduation in arts who is placed in an honor class, as opposed to a passman, who is not classified.</def> <mark>[Oxford, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Classmate</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Class"mate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is in the same class with another, as at school or college.</def>

<h1>Clastic</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ br<?/, fr. <?/ to break.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to what may be taken apart; <as>as, <ex>clastic</ex> anatomy (of models)</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Fragmental; made up of brok<?/ fragments; <as>as, sandstone is a <ex>clastic</ex> rock</as>.</def>

<h1>Clathrate</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clath"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>clathri</ets> latti<?/e, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a lattice; cancellate.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the surface marked with raised lines resembling a lattice, as many shells.</def>

<h1>Clatter</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clattered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clattering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>cla<?/rung</ets> a rattle, akin to D. <ets>klateren</ets> to rattle. Cf. <er>Clack</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a rattling sound by striking hard bodies together; to make a succession of abrupt, rattling sounds.</def>

<blockquote><b>Clattering</b> loud with clamk.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To talk fast and noisily; to rattle with the tongue.</def>

<blockquote>I see thou dost but <b>clatter</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clatter</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clat"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a rattling noise with.</def>

<blockquote>You <b>clatter</b> still your brazen kettle.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clatter</h1>
<Xpage=261>

<hw>Clat"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rattling noise, esp. that made by the collision of hard bodies; also, any loud, abrupt sound; a repetition of abrupt sounds.</def>

<blockquote>The goose let fall a golden egg
With cackle and with <b>clatter</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Commotion; disturbance. "Those mighty feats which made such a <i>clatter</i> in story."<-- sic. = history?--></def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<hr>
<page="263">
Page 263<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Rapid, noisy talk; babble; chatter.</def> "Hold still thy <i>clatter</i>."

<i>Towneley Myst. (15 th Cent. ).</i>

<blockquote>Throw by your <b>clatter</b>
And handle the matter.
<i>B. Jonson</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clatterer</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clat"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who clatters.</def>

<h1>Clatteringly</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clat"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With clattering.</def>

<h1>Claude Lorraine glass</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Claude" Lor*raine" glass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Its name is supposed to be derived from the similarity of the effects it gives to those of a picture by <ets>Claude Lorrain</ets> (often written <ets>Lorraine</ets>).]</ety> <def>A slightly convex mirror, commonly of black glass, used as a toy for viewing the reflected landscape.</def>

<h1>Claudent</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clau"dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>claudens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>claudere</ets> to shut.]</ety> <def>Shutting; confining; drawing together; <as>as, a <ex>claudent</ex> muscle</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jonson</i>

<h1>Claudicant</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clau"di*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>claudicans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>claudicare</ets> to limp, fr. <ets>claudus</ets> lame.]</ety> <def>Limping.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Claudication</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clau`di*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>claudicatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A halting or limping.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tatler.</i>

<h1>Clause</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clause</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>clause</ets>, LL. <ets>clausa</ets>, equiv. to L. <ets>clausula</ets> clause, prop., close of <?/ rhetorical period, close, fr. <ets>claudere</ets> to shut, to end. See <er>Close</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A separate portion of a written paper, paragraph, or sentence; an article, stipulation, or proviso, in a legal document.</def>

<blockquote>The usual attestation <b>clause</b> to a will.
<i>Bouvier.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A subordinate portion or a subdivision of a sentence containing a subject and its predicate.</def>

<h1>Clause</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clause</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <cref>Letters clause &or; close</cref>, under <er>Letter</er>.</def>

<h1>Claustral</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Claus"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>claustralis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>claustrum</ets>. See <er>Cloister</er>.]</ety> <def>Cloistral.</def>

<i>Ayliffe</i>

<h1>Claustrum</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Claus"trum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Claustra</plw>.</plu> <ety>[L., a bolt or bar.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A thin lamina of gray matter in each cerebral hemiphere of the brain of man.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Claus"tral</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Clausular</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clau"su*lar</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>clausula</ets>. See <er>Clause</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Consisting of, or having, clauses.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Clausure</h1>
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<hw>Clau"sure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>clausura</ets>. See <er>Closure</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of shutting up or confining; confinement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Geddes.</i>

<h1>Clavate, Clavated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cla"vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cla"va*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>clava</ets> club.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Club-shaped; having the form of a club; growing gradually thicker toward the top. <note>[See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Antennae</er>.]</note></def>

<h1>Clave</h1>
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<hw>Clave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Cleave</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Clavecin</h1>
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<hw>Clav"e*cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The harpsichord.</def>

<h1>Clavel</h1>
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<hw>Cla"vel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Clevis</er>.</def>

<h1>Clavellate</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clav"el*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Clavate</er>.</def>

<h1>Clavellated</h1>
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<hw>Clav"el*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. cineres <ets>clavelatti</ets> ashes of burnt lees or dregs of wine, F. <ets>clavel</ets> an inferior sort of soda, E. <ets>clavate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Said of potash, probably in reference to its having been obtained from billets of wood by burning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Claver</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clav"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Clover</er>.</def> <i>Holland</i>.

<h1>Claver</h1>
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<hw>Clav"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Frivolous or nonsensical talk; prattle; chattering.</def> <mark>[Scot. & North of Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>Emmy found herself entirely at a loss in the midst of their <b>clavers</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clavichord</h1>
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<hw>Clav"i*chord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>clavicorde</ets>, fr. L. <ets>clavis</ets> key + <ets>chorda</ets> string.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A keyed stringed instrument, now superseded by the pianoforte. See <er>Clarichord</er>.</def>

<h1>Clavicle</h1>
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<hw>Clav"i*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>clavicule</ets>, fr. L. <ets>clavicula</ets> a little key, tendril, dim. of <ets>clavis</ets> key, akin to <ets>claudere</ets> to shut. See <er>Close</er>, and cf. <er>Clef</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The collar bone, which is joined at one end to the scapula, or shoulder blade, and at the other to the sternum, or breastbone. In man each clavicle is shaped like the letter <?/, and is situated just above the first rib on either side of the neck. In birds the two clavicles are united ventrally, forming the merrythought, or wishbone.</def>

<h1>Clavicorn</h1>
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<hw>Clav"i*corn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>clavicorne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having club-shaped antenn\'91. See <er>Antenn\'91</er></def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Clavicornes.</def></def2>

<h1>Clavicornes</h1>
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<hw>Clav`i*cor"nes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.; Fr. L. <ets>clava</ets> club + <ets>cornu</ets> horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of beetles having club-shaped antenn\'91.</def>

<h1>Clavicular</h1>
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<hw>Cla*vic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>claviculaire</ets>. See <er>Clavicle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the clavicle.</def>

<h1>Clavier</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cla"vi*er</hw> <tt>(? F. ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>clavis</ets> key.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The keyboard of an organ, pianoforte, or harmonium.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Clavier</i> (<?/) is the German name for a pianoforte.</note>

<h1>Claviform</h1>
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<hw>Clav"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>clava</ets> club + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Club-shaped; clavate.</def>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>Claviger</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clav"i*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>clavis</ets> key + <ets>gerere</ets> to carry.]</ety> <def>One who carries the keys of any place.</def>

<h1>Claviger</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clav"i*ger</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>clava</ets> club + <ets>gerere</ets> to carry.]</ety> <def>One who carries a club; a club bearer.</def>

<h1>Clavigerous</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cla*vig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bearing a club or a key.</def>

<h1>Clavis</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cla"vis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Claves</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Clavises</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A key; a glossary.</def>

<h1>Clavus</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cla"vus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a nail.]</ety> <def>A callous growth, esp. one the foot; a corn.</def>

<h1>Clavy</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cla"vy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Clavies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>claveau</ets> centerpiece of an arch.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A mantelpiece.</def>

<h1>Claw</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Claw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>clawu</ets>, <ets>cl\'be</ets>, <ets>cle\'a2</ets>; akin to D. <ets>klaauw</ets>, G. Klaue, Icel. <ets>kl\'d3</ets>, SW. & Dan. <ets>klo</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>clew</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sharp, hooked nail, as of a beast or bird.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The whole foot of an animal armed with hooked nails; the pinchers of a lobster, crab, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything resembling the claw of an animal, as the curved and forked end of a hammer for drawing nails.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A slender appendage or process, formed like a claw, as the base of petals of the pink.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<cs><col>Claw hammer</col>, <cd>a hammer with one end of the metallic head cleft for use in extracting nails, etc.</cd> -- <col>Claw hammer coat</col>, <cd>a dress coat of the swallowtail pattern.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>Claw sickness</col>, <cd>foot rot, a disease affecting sheep.</cd></cs>

<h1>Claw</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Claw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clawed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clawing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>clawan</ets>. See <er>Claw</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pull, tear, or scratch with, or as with, claws or nails.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To relieve from some uneasy sensation, as by scratching; to tickle; hence, to flatter; to court.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Rich men they <b>claw</b>, soothe up, and flatter; the poor they contemn and despise.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To rail at; to scold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In the aforesaid preamble, the king fairly claweth the great monasteries, wherein, saith he, religion, thanks be to God, is right well kept and observed; though he <b>claweth</b> them soon after in another acceptation.
<i>T. Fuller</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Claw me</col>, <col>claw thee</col></mcol>, <cd>stand by me and I will stand by you; -- an old proverb.</cd>

<i>Tyndale.</i>

<col>To claw away</col>, <cd>to scold or revile.</cd> "The jade Fortune is to be <i>clawed away</i> for it, if you should lose it."

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<col>To claw (one) on the back</col>, <cd>to tickle; to express approbation.</cd> <mark>(Obs.)</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

-- <col>To claw (one) on the gall</col>, <cd>to find falt with; to vex.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i></cs>

<h1>Claw</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Claw</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To scrape, scratch, or dig with a claw, or with the hand as a claw.</def> "<i>Clawing</i> [in ash barrels] for bits of coal."

<i>W. D. Howells.</i>

<cs><col>To claw off</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to turn to windward and beat, to prevent falling on a lee shore.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clawback</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Claw"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flatterer or sycophant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Take heed of these <i>clawbacks</i>."

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Clawback</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Claw"back`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Flattering; sycophantic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Like a <b>clawback</b> parasite.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clawback</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Claw"back`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To flatter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Warner.</i>

<h1>Clawed</h1>
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<hw>Clawed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with claws.</def>

<i>N. Grew.</i>

<h1>Clawless</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Claw"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of claws.</def>

<h1>Clay</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cl\'d6g</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>klei</ets>, D. <ets>klei</ets>, and perh. to AS. <ets>cl\'bem</ets> clay, L. <ets>glus</ets>, <ets>gluten</ets> glue, Gr. <?/ glutinous substance, E. <ets>glue</ets>. Cf. <er>Clog</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A soft earth, which is plastuc, or may be molded with the hands, consisting of hydrous silicate of alumunium. It is the result of the wearing down and decomposition, in part, of rocks containing aluminous minerals, as granite. Lime, magnesia, oxide of iron, and other ingredients, are often present as impurities.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Poetry & Script.)</fld> <def>Earth in general, as representing the elementary particles of the human body; hence, the human body as formed from such particles.</def>

<blockquote>I also am formed out of the <b>clay</b>.
<i>Job xxxiii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The earth is covered thick with other <b>clay</b>,
Which her own <b>clay</b> shall cover.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bowlder clay</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bowlder</er>.</cd> -- <col>Brick clay</col>, <cd>the common clay, containing some iron, and therefore turning red when burned.</cd> -- <col>Clay cold</col>, <cd>cold as clay or earth; lifeless; inanimate.</cd> -- <col>Clay ironstone</col>, <cd>an ore of iron consisting of the oxide or carbonate of iron mixed with clay or sand.</cd> -- <col>Clay marl</col>, <cd>a whitish, smooth, chalky clay.</cd> -- <col>Clay mill</col>, <cd>a mill for mixing and tempering clay; a pug mill.</cd> -- <col>Clay pit</col>, <cd>a pit where clay is dug.</cd> -- <col>Clay slate</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>argillaceous schist; argillite.</cd> -- <col>Fatty clays</col>, <cd>clays having a greasy feel; they are chemical compounds of water, silica, and aluminia, as <i>halloysite<i>, <i>bole<i>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fire clay</col> , <cd>a variety of clay, entirely free from lime, iron, or an alkali, and therefore infusible, and used for fire brick.</cd> -- <col>Porcelain clay</col>, <cd>a very pure variety, formed directly from the decomposition of feldspar, and often called <i>kaolin<i>.</cd> -- <col>Potter's clay</col>, <cd>a tolerably pure kind, free from iron.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clay</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clay</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clayed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Claying</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover or manure with clay.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To clarify by filtering through clay, as sugar.</def>

<h1>Clay-brained</h1>
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<hw>Clay"-brained`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Stupid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Clayes</h1>
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<hw>Clayes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>claie</ets> hurdle.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>Wattles, or hurdles, made with stakes interwoven with osiers, to cover lodgments.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Clayey</h1>
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<hw>Clay"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of clay; abounding with clay; partaking of clay; like clay.</def>

<h1>Clayish</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clay"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Partaking of the nature of clay, or containing particles of it.</def>

<h1>Claymore</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clay"more`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>claidheamhmor</ets> a broadsword; Gael. <ets>claidheamh</ets> sword + <ets>mor</ets> great, large. Cf. <er>Claymore</er>.]</ety> <def>A large two-handed sword used formerly by the Scottish Highlanders.</def>

<h1>Claytonia</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clay*to"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after Dr.John <ets>Clayton</ets>, an American botanist.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American genus of perennial herbs with delicate blossoms; -- sometimes called <i>spring beauty</i>.</def>

<h1>Cleading</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clead"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot., clothing. See <er>Cloth</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A jacket or outer covering of wood, etc., to prevent radiation of heat, as from the boiler, cylinder. etc., of a steam engine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The planking or boarding of a shaft, cofferdam, etc.</def>

<h1>Clean</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[Compar. <er>Cleaner</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>superl</tt>. <er>Cleanest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>clene</ets>, AS. <ets>cl<?/ne</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>chleini</ets> pure, neat, graceful, small, G. <ets>klein</ets> small, and perh. to W. <ets>glan</ets> clean, pure, bright; all perh. from a primitive, meaning <ets>bright</ets>, <ets>shining</ets>. Cf. <er>Glair</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Free from dirt or filth; <as>as, <ex>clean</ex> clothes</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free from that which is useless or injurious; without defects; <as>as, <ex>clean</ex> land; <ex>clean</ex> timber.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Free from awkwardness; not bungling; adroit; dexterous; <as>as, a<ex>clean</ex> trick; a <ex>clean</ex> leap over a fence.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Free from errors and vulgarisms; <as>as, a <ex>clean</ex> style</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Free from restraint or neglect; complete; entire.</def>

<blockquote>When ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make <b>clean</b> riddance of corners of thy field.
<i>Le<?/.xxiii. 22</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Free from moral defilement; sinless; pure.</def>

<blockquote>Create in me a <b>clean</b> heart, O God.
<i>Ps. li. 10</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That I am whole, and <b>clean</b>, and meet for Heaven
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>Free from ceremonial defilement.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Free from that which is corrupting to the morals; pure in tone; healthy.</def> "Lothair is <i>clean</i>."

<i>F. Harrison.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Well-proportioned; shapely; <as>as, <ex>clean limbs</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>A clean bill of health</col>, <cd>a certificate from the proper authrity that a ship is free from infection.</cd> -- <col>Clean breach</col>. <cd>See under <er>Breach</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</cd> -- <col>To make a clean breast</col>. <cd>See under <er>Breast</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clean</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clean</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without limitation or remainder; quite; perfectly; wholly; entirely.</def> "Domestic broils <i>clean</i> overblown."

<i>Shak.</i>

"<i>Clean</i> contrary."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>All the people were passed <b>clean</b> over Jordan.
<i>Josh. iii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without miscarriage; not bunglingly; dexterously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Pope came off <i>clean</i> with Homer."

<i>Henley.</i>

<h1>Clean</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cleaned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cleaning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Clean</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Cleanse</er>.]</ety> <def>To render clean; to free from whatever is foul, offensive, or extraneous; to purify; to cleanse.</def>

<cs><col>To clean out</col>, <cd>to exhaust; to empty; to get away from (one) all his money. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Clean-cut</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clean"-cut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Clear-cut</er>.</def>

<h1>Cleaner</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clean"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, cleans.</def>

<h1>Cleaning</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clean"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of making clean.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The afterbirth of cows, ewes, etc.</def>

<i>Gardner.</i>

<h1>Cleanlily</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clean"li*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a cleanly manner.</def>

<h1>Clean-limbed</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clean"-limbed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>With well-proportioned, unblemished limbs; <as>as, a <ex>clean-limbed</ex> young fellow</as>.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Cleanliness</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clean"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cleanly</er>.]</ety> <def>State of being cleanly; neatness of person or dress.</def>

<blockquote><b>Cleanliness</b> from head to heel.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cleanly</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clean"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Cleanlier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Cleanliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Clean</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Habitually clean; pure; innocent.</def> "<i>Cleanly</i> joys."

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<blockquote>Some plain but <b>cleanly</b> country maid.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Displays her <b>cleanly</b> platter on the board.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cleansing; fitted to remove moisture; dirt, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "With <i>cleanly</i> powder dry their hair."

<i>Prior.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Adroit; skillful; dexterous; artful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Through his fine handling and his <b>cleanly</b> play.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cleanly</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clean"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a clean manner; neatly.</def>

<blockquote>He was very <b>cleanly</b> dressed.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Innocently; without stain.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Adroitly; dexterously.</def>

<i>Middleton.</i>

<h1>Cleanness</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clean"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cl<?/nnes</ets>. See <er>Clean</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being clean.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Purity of life or language; freedom from licentious courses.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Cleansable</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cleans"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being cleansed.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Cleanse</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cleanse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cleansed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cleansing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>cl\'d6nsian</ets>, fr. <ets>cl\'d6ne</ets> clean. See <er>Clean</er>.]</ety> <def>To render clean; to free from fith, pollution, infection, guilt, etc.; to clean.</def>

<blockquote>If we walk in the light . . . the blood of Jesus Christ his son <b>cleanseth</b> us from all sin.
<i>1 John i. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Can'st thou not minister to a mind diseased,
And with some sweet oblivious antidote
<b>Cleanse</b> the suffed bosom of that perilous stuff
Which weighs upon the heart?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cleanser</h1>
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<hw>Cleans"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cl<?/nsere</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, cleanses; a detergent.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Clean-timbered</h1>
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<hw>Clean"-tim`bered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Well-propotioned; symmetrical.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Clear</h1>
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<hw>Clear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Clearer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Clearest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cler</ets>, <ets>cleer</ets>, OF. <ets>cler</ets>, F. <ets>clair</ets>, fr.L. <ets>clarus</ets>, clear, broght, loud, distinct, renownwd; perh. akin to L. <ets>clamare</ets> to call, E. <ets>claim</ets>. Cf. <er>Chanticleer</er>, <er>Clairvoyant</er>, <er>Claret</er>, <er>Clarufy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Free from opaqueness; transparent; bright; light; luminous; unclouded.</def>

<blockquote>The stream is so transparent, pure, and <b>clear</b>.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fair as the moon, <b>clear</b> as the sun.
<i>Canticles vi. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free from ambiquity or indistinctness; lucid; perspicuous; plain; evident; manifest; indubitable.</def>

<blockquote>One truth is <b>clear</b>; whatever is, is right.
<i>Pop<?/.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Able to perceive clearly; keen; acute; penetrating; discriminating; <as>as, a <ex>clear</ex> intellect; a <ex>clear</ex> head.</as></def>

<blockquote>Mother of science! now I feel thy power
Within me <b>clear</b>, not only to discern
Things in their causes, but to trace the ways
Of highest agents.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not clouded with passion; serene; cheerful.</def>

<blockquote>With a countenance as <b>clear</b>
As friendship wears at feasts.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Easily or distinctly heard; audible; canorous.</def>

<blockquote>Hark! the numbers soft and <b>clear</b>
Gently steal upon the ear.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Without mixture; entirely pure; <as>as, <ex>clear</ex> sand</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Without defect or blemish, such as freckles or knots; <as>as, a <ex>clear</ex> complexion; <ex>clear</ex> lumber.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Free from guilt or stain; unblemished.</def>

<blockquote>Statesman, yet friend to truth! in soul sincere,
In action faithful, and in honor <b>clear</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Without diminution; in full; net; <as>as, <ex>clear</ex> profit</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I often wished that I had <b>clear</b>,
For life, six hundred pounds a-year.
<i>Swift</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Free from impediment or obstruction; unobstructed; <as>as, a <ex>clear</ex> view; to keep <ex>clear</ex> of debt.</as></def>

<blockquote>My companion . . . left the way <b>clear</b> for him.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Free from embarrassment; detention, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The cruel corporal whispered in my ear,
Five pounds, if rightly tipped, would set me <b>clear</b>.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Clear breach</col>. <cd>See under <er>Breach</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Clear days</col> <fld>(Law.)</fld>, <cd>days reckoned from one day to another, excluding both the first and last day; <as>as, from Sunday to Sunday there are six <ex>clear days<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>Clear stuff</col>, <cd>boards, planks, etc., free from knots.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Manifest; pure; unmixed; pellucid; transparent; luminous; obvious; visible; plain; evident; apparent; distinct; perspicuous. See <er>Manifest</er>.</syn>

<h1>Clear</h1>
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<hw>Clear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>Full extent; distance between extreme limits; especially; the distance between the nearest surfaces of two bodies, or the space between walls; <as>as, a room ten feet square in the <ex>clear</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Clear</h1>
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<hw>Clear</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a clear manner; plainly.</def>

<blockquote>Now <b>clear</b> I understand
What oft . . . thoughts have searched in vain.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without limitation; wholly; quite; entirely; <as>as, to cut a piece <ex>clear</ex> off</as>.</def>

<h1>Clear</h1>
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<hw>Clear</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cleared</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clearing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render bright, transparent, or undimmed; to free from clouds.</def>

<blockquote>He sweeps the skies and <b>clears</b> the cloudy north.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To free from impurities; to clarify; to cleanse.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To free from obscurity or ambiguity; to relive of perplexity; to make perspicuous.</def>

<blockquote>Many knotty points there are
Which all discuss, but few can <b>clear</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To render more quick or acute, as the understanding; to make perspicacious.</def>

<blockquote>Our common prints would <b>clear</b> up their understandings.
<i>Addison</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To free from impediment or incumbrance, from defilement, or from anything injurious, useless, or offensive; <as>as, to <ex>clear</ex> land of trees or brushwood, or from stones; to <ex>clear</ex> the sight or the voice; to <ex>clear</ex> one's self from debt</as>; -- often used with <i>of</i>, <i>off</i>, <i>away</i>, or <i>out</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Clear</b> your mind of cant.
<i>Dr. Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A statue lies hid in a block of marble; and the art of the statuary only <b>clears</b> away the superfluous matter.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To free from the imputation of guilt; to justify, vindicate, or acquit; -- often used with <i>from</i> before the thing imputed.</def>

<blockquote>I . . . am sure he will <b>clear</b> me from partiality.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How! wouldst thou <b>clear</b> rebellion?
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To leap or pass by, or over, without touching or fallure; <as>as, to <ex>clear</ex> a hedge; to <ex>clear</ex> a reef.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To gain without deduction; to net.</def>

<blockquote>The profit which she <b>cleared</b> on the cargo.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To clear a ship at the customhouse</col>, <cd>to exhibit the documents required by law, give bonds, or perform other acts requisite, and procure a permission to sail, and such papers as the law requires.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To clear a ship for action</col>, <it>or</it> <col>To clear for action</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to remove incumbrances from the decks, and prepare for an engagement.</cd> -- <col>To clear the land</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to gain such a distance from shore as to have sea room, and be out of danger from the land.</cd> -- <col>To clear hawse</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to disentangle the cables when twisted.</cd> -- <col>To clear up</col>, <cd>to explain; to dispel, as doubts, cares or fears.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clear</h1>
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<hw>Clear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become free from clouds or fog; to become fair; -- often fallowed by <i>up</i>, <i>off</i>, or <i>away</i>.</def>

<blockquote>So foul a sky <b>clears</b> without a strom.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Advise him to stay till the weather <b>clears</b> up.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To disengage one's self frpm incumbrances, distress, or entanglements; to become free.</def> <mark><mark>[rk>

He that <b>clears</b> at once will relapse; for finding himself out of straits, he will revert to the customs; but he that <b>cleareth</b> by degrees induceth a habit of frugality.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Banking)</fld> <def>To make exchanges of checks and bills, and settle balances, as is done in a clearing house.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To obtain a clearance; <as>as, the steamer <ex>cleared</ex> for Liverpool to-day</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To clear out, to go or run away; to depart. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></mark>

<h1>Clearage</h1>
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<hw>Clear"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reforming anything; clearance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Clearance</h1>
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<hw>Clear"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of clearing; <as>as, to make a through <ex>clearance</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A certificate that a ship or vessel has been cleared at the customhouse; permission to sail.</def>

<blockquote>Every ship was subject to seizure for want of stamped <b>clearances</b>.
<i>Durke</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Clear or net profit.</def>

<i>Trollope.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The distance by which one object clears another, as the distance between the piston and cylinder head at the end of a stroke in a steam engine, or the least distance between the point of a cogwell tooth and the bottom of a space between teeth of a wheel with which it engages.</def>

<cs><col>Clearance space</col> <fld>(Steam engine)</fld>, <cd>the space inclosed in one end of the cylinder, between the valve or valves and the piston, at the beginning of a stroke; waste room. It includes the space caused by the piston's clearance and the space in ports, passageways, etc. Its volume is often expressed as a certain proportion of the volume swept by the piston in a single stroke.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clear-cut</h1>
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<hw>Clear"-cut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a sharp, distinct outline, like that of a cameo.</def>

<blockquote>She has . . . a cold and <b>clear-cut</b> face.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Concisely and distinctly expressed.</def>

<h1>Clearedness</h1>
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<hw>Clear"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being cleared.</def>

<blockquote>Imputed by his friends to the <b>clearedness</b>, by his foes to the searedness, of his conscience.
<i>T. Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clearer</h1>
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<hw>Clear"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, clears.</def>

<blockquote>Gold is a wonderful <b>clearer</b> of the understanding.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A tool of which the hemp for lines and twines, used by sailmakers, is finished.</def>

<h1>Clear-headed</h1>
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<hw>Clear"-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a clear understanding; quick of perception; intelligent.</def> "He was laborious and <i>clear-headed</i>."

<i>Macaulay</i>.

-- <wordforms><wf>Clear"-head`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Clearing</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clear"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of making clear.</def>

<blockquote>The better <b>clearing</b> of this point.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tract of land cleared of wood for cultivation.</def>

<blockquote>A lonely <b>clearing</b> on the shores of Moxie Lake.
<i>J. Burroughs.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A method adopted by banks and bankers for making an exchange of checks held by each against the others, and settling differences of accounts.</def>

<note>&hand; In England, a similar method has been adopted by railroads for adjusting their accounts with each other.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The gross amount of the balances adjusted in the clearing house.</def>

<cs><col>Clearing house</col>, <cd>the establishment where the business of clearing is carried on. See <er>above</er>, <er>3</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clearly</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clear"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a clear manner.</def>

<h1>Clearness</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clear"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being clear.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Clearness</er>, <er>Perspicuity</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Clearness</i> has reference to our ideas, and springs from a distinct conception of the subject under consideration. <i>Perspicuity</i> has reference to the mode of expressing our ideas and belongs essentially to style. Hence we speak of a writer as having <i>clear</i> ideas, a <i>clear</i> arrangement, and <i>perspicuous</i> phraseology. We do at times speak of a person's having great <i>clearness</i> of style; but in such cases we are usually thinking of the clearness of his ideas as manifested in language. "Whenever men think <i>clearly</i>, and are thoroughly interested, they express themselves with <i>perspicuity</i> and force."</usage>

<i>Robertson.</i>

<h1>Clear-seeing</h1>
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<hw>Clear"-see`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a clear physical or mental vision; having a clear understanding.</def>

<h1>Clear-shining</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clear"-shin`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shining brightly.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Clear-sighted</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clear"-sight`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Seeing with clearness; discerning; as, <i>clear-sighted</i> reason</def>

<h1>Clear-sightedness</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clear"-sight`ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Acute discernment.</def>

<h1>Clearstarch</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clear"starch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clearstarched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clearstraching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To stiffen with starch, and then make clear by clapping with the hands; <as>as, to <ex>clearstarch</ex> muslin</as>.</def>

<h1>Clearstarcher</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clear"starch`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who clearstarches.</def>

<h1>Clearstory, Clerestory</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw><hw>Clear"sto`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Clere"sto`ry</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The upper story of the nave of a church, containing windows, and rising above the aisle roofs.</def>

<h1>Clearwing</h1>
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<hw>Clear"wing`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lepidop terous insect with partially transparent wings, of the family \'92geriad\'91, of which the currant and peach-tree borers are examples.</def>

<h1>Cleat</h1>
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<hw>Cleat</hw> <tt>(kl\'c7t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>clete</ets> wedge; cf.D. <ets>kloot</ets> ball, Ger. <ets>kloss</ets>, <ets>klotz</ets>, lump. clod, MHG. <ets>kl\'d3z</ets> lump, ball, wedge, OHG. <ets>chl\'d3z</ets> ball, round mass.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A strip of wood or iron fastened on transversely to something in order to give strength, prevent warping, hold position, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A device made of wood or metal, having two arms, around which turns may be taken with a line or rope so as to hold securely and yet be readily released. It is bolted by the middle to a deck or mast, etc., or it may be lashed to a rope.</def>

<h1>Cleat</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cleat</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To strengthen with a cleat.</def>

<h1>Cleavable</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cleav"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of cleaving or being divided.</def>

<h1>Cleavage</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cleav"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of cleaving or splitting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The quality possessed by many crystallized substances of splitting readily in one or more definite directions, in which the cohesive attraction is a minimum, affording more or less smooth surfaces; the direction of the dividing plane; a fragment obtained by cleaving, as of a diamond. See <er>Parting</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Division into lamin\'91, like slate, with the lamination not necessarily parallel to the plane of deposition; -- usually produced by pressure.</def>

<cs><col>Basal cleavage</col>, <cd>cleavage parallel to the base of a crystal, or to the plane of the lateral axes.</cd> -- <col>Cell cleavage</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>multiplication of cells by fission. See <er>Segmentation</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cubuc cleavage</col>, <cd>cleavage parallel to the faces of a cube.</cd> -- <col>Diagonal cleavage</col>, <cd>cleavage parallel to ta diagonal plane.</cd> -- <col>Egg clavage</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Segmentation</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lateral cleavage</col>, <cd>cleavage parallel to the lateral planes.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Octahedral</col>, <col>Dodecahedral</col>, <it>or</it> <col>Rhombohedral</col>, <col>cleavage</col></mcol>, <cd>cleavage parallel to the faces of an octahedron, dodecahedron, or rhombohedron.</cd> -- <col>Prismatic cleavage</col>, <cd>cleavage parallel to a vertical prism.</cd></cs>

<h1><col>Cleave</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw><col>Cleave</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. i. </tt> <wordforms><mark>[.. Cleaved</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <er>Clave</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <mark>(Obs.)</mark>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Cleaved</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cleaving</er>.]</mark></mark> <ety>[OE. <ets>cleovien<ets>, <ets>clivien<ets>, <ets>cliven<ets>, AS. <ets>cleofian<ets>, <ets>clifian<ets>; akin to OS. <ets>klib\'d3n<ets>, G. <ets>kleben<ets>, LG. <ets>kliven<ets>, D. <ets>kleven<ets>, Dan. <ets>kl\'91be<ets>, Sw. <ets>klibba<ets>, and also to G. <ets>kleiben<ets> to cleve, paste, Icel. <ets>kl\'c6fa<ets> to climb. Cf. <er>Climb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To adhere closely; to stick; to hold fast; to cling.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>My bones <b>cleave</b> to my skin.
<i>Ps. cii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The diseases of Egypt . . . shall <b>cleave</b> unto thee.
<i>Deut. xxviii. 60.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sophistry <b>cleaves</b> close to and protects
Sin's rotten trunk, concealing its defects.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To unite or be united closely in interest or affection; to adhere with strong attachment.</def>

<blockquote>Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall <b>cleave</b> unto his wife.
<i>Gen. ii. 24.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Cleave</b> unto the Lord your God.
<i>Josh. xxiii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fit; to be adapted; to assimilate.</def> <mark>[Poetic.]</mark>

<blockquote>New honors come upon him,
Like our strange garments, <b>cleave</b> not to their mold
But with the aid of use.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cleave</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cleave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Cleft</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Clave</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <er>Clove</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <mark>(Obsolescent)</mark>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Cleft</er>, <er>Cleaved</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt> or <er>Cloven</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cleaving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cleoven</ets>, <ets>cleven</ets>, AS. <ets>cle\'a2fan</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>klioban</ets>, D. <ets>klooven</ets>, G. <ets>klieben</ets>, Icel. <ets>klj\'d4fa</ets>, Sw. <ets>klyfva</ets>, Dan. <ets>kl\'94ve</ets> and prob. to Gr. <?/ to carve, L. <ets>glubere</ets> to peel. Cf. <er>Cleft</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To part or divide by force; to split or rive; to cut.</def>

<blockquote>O Hamlet, thou hast <b>cleft</b> my heart in twain.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pert or open naturally; to divide.</def>

<blockquote>Every beast that parteth the hoof, and <b>cleaveth</b> the cleft into two claws.
<i>Deut. xiv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cleave</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cleave</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To part; to open; to crack; to separate; as parts of bodies; <as>as, the ground <ex>cleaves</ex> by frost</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The Mount of Olives shall <b>cleave</b> in the midst.
<i>Zech. xiv. 4.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cleavelandite</h1>
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<hw>Cleave"land*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Professor Parker <ets>Cleaveland</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of albite, white and lamellar in structure.</def>

<h1>Cleaver</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cleav"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who cleaves, or that which cleaves; especially, a butcher's instrument for cutting animal bodies into joints or pieces.</def>

<h1>Cleavers</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cleav"ers</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cleave</er> to stick.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of <spn>Galium</spn> (<spn>G. Aparine</spn>), having a fruit set with hooked bristles, which adhere to whatever they come in contact with; -- called also, <altname>goose grass</altname>, <altname>catchweed</altname>, etc.</def>

<h1>Cl\'82ch\'82</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cl\'82`ch\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cl\'82ch\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Charged with another bearing of the same figure, and of the color of the field, so large that only a narrow border of the first bearing remains visible; -- said of any heraldic bearing. Compare <er>Voided</er>.</def>

<h1>Clechy</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cle"chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Cl\'82ch\'82</er>.</def>

<h1>Cledge</h1>
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<hw>Cledge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Clay</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>The upper stratum of fuller's earth.</def>

<h1>Cledgy</h1>
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<hw>Cledg"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Stiff, stubborn, clayey, or tenacious; <as>as, a <ex>cledgy</ex> soil</as>.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Clee</h1>
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<hw>Clee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A claw.</def> <mark><mark>[rk>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Clee</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clee</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The redshank.</def>

<h1>Clef</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clef</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>clef</ets> key, a key in music, fr. L. <ets>clavis</ets> key. See <er>Clavicle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A character used in musical notation to determine the position and pitch of the scale as represented on the staff.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>clefs</i> are three in number, called the C, F, and G <i>clefs</i>, and are probably corruptions or modifications of these letters. They indicate that the letters of absolute pitch belonging to the lines upon which they are placed, are respectively C, F, and G. The F or <i>bass clef</i>, and the G or <i>treble clef</i>, are fixed in their positions upon the staff. The C <i>clef</i> may have three positions. It may be placed upon the first or lower line of the staff, in which case it is called <i>soprano clef</i>, upon the third line, in which case it called <i>alto clef</i>, or upon the fourth line, in which case <i>tenor clef</i>. It rarely or never is placed upon the second line, except in ancient music. See other forms of C <i>clef</i> under C, 2.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Alto clef</col>, <col>Bass clef</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Alto</er>, <er>Bass</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cleft</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cleft</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>from <er>Cleave</er>.</def>

<h1>Cleft</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cleft</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Divided; split; partly divided or split.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Incised nearly to the midrob; <as>as, a <ex>cleft</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Cleft</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cleft</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>clift</ets>; cf. Sw. <ets>klyft</ets> cave, den, Icel. <ets>kluft</ets> cleft, Dan. <ets>kl\'94ft</ets>, G. <ets>kluft</ets>. See <er>Cleave</er> to split and cf. 2d <er>Clift</er>, 1st <er>Clough</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A space or opening made by splitting; a crack; a crevice; <as>as, the <ex>cleft</ex> of a rock</as>.</def>

<i>Is. ii. 21.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece made by splitting; <as>as, a <ex>cleft</ex> of wood</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A disease in horses; a crack on the band of the pastern.</def>

<cs><col>Branchial clefts</col>. <cd>See under <er>Branchial</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Crack; crevice; fissure; chink; cranny.</syn>

<h1>Cleft-footed</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cleft"-foot`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a cloven foot.</def>

<h1>Cleftgraft</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cleft"graft`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To ingraft by cleaving the stock and inserting a scion.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Cleg</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Cleg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Northern Eng. & Scot. <ets>gleg</ets>: cf. Gael. <ets>crethleag</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small breeze or horsefly.</def> <mark>[North of Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Cleistogamic, Cleistogamous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cleis`to*gam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cleis*tog"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ closed (fr. <?/ to shut) + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having, beside the usual flowers, other minute, closed flowers, without petals or with minute petals; -- said of certain species of plants which possess flowers of two or more kinds, the closed ones being so constituted as to insure self-fertilization.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Clem</h1>
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<hw>Clem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>clam</ets> to clog, or G. <ets>klemmen</ets> to pinch, Icel. <ets>kl<?/mbra</ets>, E. <ets>clamp</ets>.]</ety> <def>To starve; to famish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Clematis</h1>
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<hw>Clem"a*tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ brushwood, also (from its long, lithe branches) clematis. fr. <?/ twig, shoot, fr. <?/ to break off.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of flowering plants, of many species, mostly climbers, having feathery styles, which greatly enlarge in the fruit; -- called also <altname>virgin's bower</altname>.</def>

<h1>Clemence</h1>
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<hw>Clem"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Clemency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Clemency</h1>
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<hw>Clem"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Clemencies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>clementia</ets>, fr. <ets>clemens</ets> mild, calm.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Disposition to forgive and spare, as offenders; mildness of temper; gentleness; tenderness; mercy.</def>

<blockquote>Great <b>clemency</b> and tender zeal toward their subjects.
<i>Stowe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They had applied for the royal <b>clemency</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mildness or softness of the elements; <as>as, the <ex>clemency</ex> of the season</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Mildness; tenderness; indulgence; lenity; mercy; gentleness; compassion; kindness.</syn>

<h1>Clement</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clem"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>clemens</ets>; <ets>-entis</ets>; cf. F. <ets>cl<?/ment</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mild in temper and disposition; merciful; compassionate.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Clem"ent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Clementine</h1>
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<hw>Clem"ent*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Clement, esp. to St.Clement of Rome and the spurious homilies attributed to him, or to Pope Clement V. and his compilations of canon law.</def>

<h1>Clench</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clench</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Clinch</er>.</def>

<h1>Clepe</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clepe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cleped</er> <tt>(?)</tt> &or; <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cleping</er>. Cf. <er>Ycleped</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>clepan</ets>, <ets>cleopian</ets>, <ets>clipian</ets>, <ets>clypian</ets>, to cry, call.]</ety> <def>To call, or name.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That other son was <b>cleped</b> Cambalo.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clepe</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clepe</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make appeal; to cry out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Wandering in woe, and to the heavens on high
<b>Cleping</b> for vengeance of this treachery.
<i>Mir. for Mag.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clepsine</h1>
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<hw>Clep"si*ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of freshwater leeches, furnished with a proboscis. They feed upon mollusks and worms.</def>

<h1>Clepsydra</h1>
<Xpage=263>

<hw>Clep"sy*dra</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. from Gr. <?/; <?/ to steal, conceal + <?/ water.]</ety> <def>A water clock; a contrivance for measuring time by the graduated flow of a liquid, as of water, through a small aperture. See <i>Illust</i>. in <er>Appendix</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="265">
Page 265<p>

<h1>Cleptomania</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clep`to*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Kleptomania</er>.</def>

<h1>Clerestory</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clere"sto`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Clearstory</er>.</def>

<h1>Clergeon</h1>
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<hw>Cler"geon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>clerc</ets>. See <er>Clerk</er>.]</ety> <def>A chorister boy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Clergial</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cler"gi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Learned; erudite; clercial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Clergical</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cler"gi*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the clergy; clerical; clerkily; learned.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Clergy</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cler"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>clergie</ets>, <ets>clergi</ets>, <ets>clerge</ets>, OF. <ets>clergie</ets>, F. <ets>clergie</ets> (fr. <ets>clerc</ets> clerc, fr. L. <ets>clericus</ets> priest) confused with OF. <ets>clergi\'82</ets>, F. <ets>clerg\'82</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>clericatus</ets> office of priest, monastic life, fr. L. <ets>clericus</ets> priest, LL. scholar, clerc. Both the Old French words meant clergy, in sense 1, the former having also sense 2. See <er>Clerk</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The body of men set apart, by due ordination, to the service of God, in the Christian church, in distinction from the laity; in England, usually restricted to the ministers of the Established Church.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Learning; also, a learned profession.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sophictry . . . rhetoric, and other <b>cleargy</b>.
<i>Guy of Warwick.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Put their second sons to learn some <b>clergy</b>.
<i>State Papers (1515).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The privilege or benefit of clergy.</def>

<blockquote>If convicted of a clergyable felony, he is entitled equally to his <b>clergy</b> after as before conviction.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Benefit of clergy</col> <fld>(Eng., Law)</fld>, <cd>the exemption of the persons of clergymen from criminal process before a secular judge -- a privilege which was extended to all who could read, such persons being, in the eye of the law, <i>clerici<i>, or clerks. This privilege was abridged and modified by various statutes, and finally abolished in the reign of George IV. (1827).</cd> -- <mcol><col>Regular clergy</col>, <col>Secular clergy</col></mcol> <cd>See <er>Regular</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and <er>Secular</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Clergyable</h1>
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<hw>Cler"gy*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Entitled to, or admitting, the benefit of clergy; <as>as, a <ex>clergyable</ex> felony</as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Clergyman</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cler"gy*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Clergymen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <def>An ordained minister; a man regularly authorized to peach the gospel, and administer its ordinances; in England usually restricted to a minister of the Established Church.</def>

<h1>Cleric</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cler"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS., fr. L. <ets>clericus</ets>. See <er>Clerk</er>.]</ety> <def>A clerk, a clergyman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Horsley.</i>

<h1>Cleric</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cler"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Clerical</er>.</def>

<h1>Clerical</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cler"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>clericalis</ets>. <ets>See</ets> <er>Clerk</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the clergy; suitable for the clergy.</def> "A <i>clerical</i> education."

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or relating to a clerk or copyist, or to writing.</def> "<i>Clerical</i> work."

<i>E. Everett.</i>

<cs><col>A clerical error</col>, <cd>an error made in copying or writing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clericalism</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cler"ic*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An excessive devotion to the interests of the sacerdotal order; undue influence of the clergy; sacerdotalism.</def>

<h1>Clericity</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cler*ic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a clergyman.</def>

<h1>Clerisy</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cler"i*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>clericia</ets>. See <er>Clergy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The literati, or well educated class.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The clergy, or their opinions, as opposed to the laity.</def>

<h1>Clerk</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clerk</hw> <tt>(?; in Eng. ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Either OF. <ets>clerc</ets>, fr. L. <ets>clericus</ets> a priest, or AS. <ets>clerc</ets>, <ets>cleric</ets>, clerk, priest, fr. L. <ets>clericus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ belonging to the clergy, fr. <?/ lot, allotment, clergy; cf. Deut. xviii. 2. Cf. <er>Clergy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A clergyman or ecclesiastic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All persons were styled <b>clerks</b> that served in the church of Christ.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A man who could read; a scholar; a learned person; a man of letters.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Every one that could read . . . being accounted a <i>clerk</i>."

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<blockquote>He was no great <b>clerk</b>, but he was perfectly well versed in the interests of Europe.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A parish officer, being a layman who leads in reading the responses of the Episcopal church service, and otherwise assists in it.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Hook.</i>

<blockquote>And like unlettered <b>clerk</b> still cry "Amen".
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One employed to keep records or accounts; a scribe; an accountant; <as>as, the <ex>clerk</ex> of a court; a town <ex>clerk</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>clerk</b> of the crown . . . withdrew the bill.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In some cases, <i>clerk</i> is synonymous with <i>secretary</i>. A clerk is always an officer subordinate to a higher officer, board, corporation, or person; whereas a secretary may be either a subordinate or the head of an office or department.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An assistant in a shop or store.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Clerk-ale</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clerk"-ale`</hw> <tt>(? in Eng. <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A feast for the benefit of the parish clerk.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Clerkless</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clerk"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unlearned.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Waterhouse.</i>

<h1>Clerklike</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clerk"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Scholarlike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Clerkliness</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clerk"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Scholarship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Clerkly</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clerk"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a clerk.</def>

<i>Cranmer.</i>

<h1>Clerkly</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clerk"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a scholarly manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Clerkship</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clerk"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State, quality, or business of a clerk.</def>

<h1>Cleromancy</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cler"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ lot + <ets>-mancy</ets>; cf. F. <ets>cl\'82romancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A divination by throwing dice or casting lots.</def>

<h1>Cleronomy</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cle*ron"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ inheritance + <?/ to possess.]</ety> <def>Inheritance; heritage.</def>

<h1>Clerstory</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cler"sto`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Clearstory</er>.</def>

<h1>Clever</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clev"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Origin uncertain. Cf. OE. <ets>cliver</ets> eager, AS. <ets>clyfer</ets> (in comp.) cloven; or <ets>clifer</ets> a claw, perh. connected with E. <ets>cleave</ets> to divide, split, the meaning of E. <ets>clever</ets> perh. coming from the idea of grasping, seizing (with the mind).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessing quickness of intellect, skill, dexterity, talent, or adroitness; expert.</def>

<blockquote>Though there were many <b>clever</b> men in England during the latter half of the seventeenth century, there were only two great creative minds.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Be good, sweet maid, and let who will be <b>clever</b>.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Showing skill or adroitness in the doer or former; <as>as, a <ex>clever</ex> speech; a <ex>clever</ex> trick.</as></def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having fitness, propriety, or suitableness.</def>

<blockquote>"T would sound more <b>clever</b>
To me and to my heirs forever.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Well-shaped; handsome.</def> "The girl was a tight, <i>clever</i> wench as any was."

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Good-natured; obliging.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Smart</er>.</syn>

<h1>Cleverish</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clev"er*ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat clever.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cleverly</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clev"er*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a clever manner.</def>

<blockquote>Never was man so <b>clever</b> absurd.
<i>C. Smart.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cleverness</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clev"er*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being clever; skill; dexterity; adroitness.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Ingenuity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Clevis</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clev"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cleave</er> to adhere, <er>Clavel</er>.]</ety> <def>A piece of metal bent in the form of an oxbow, with the two ends perforated to receive a pin, used on the end of the tongue of a plow, wagen, etc., to attach it to a draft chain, whiffletree, etc.; -- called also <altname>clavel</altname>, <altname>clevy</altname>.</def>

<h1>Clew, Clue</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw><hw>Clew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Clue</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>clewe</ets>, <ets>clowe</ets>, <ets>clue</ets>, AS. <ets>cleowen</ets>, <ets>cliwen</ets>, <ets>clywe</ets> ball of thread; akin to D. <ets>kluwen</ets>, OHG. <ets>chliwa</ets>, <ets>chliuwa</ets>, G. dim. <ets>kleuel</ets>, <ets>kn\'84uel</ets>, and perch. to L. <ets>gluma</ets> hull, husk, Skr. <ets>glaus</ets> sort of ball or tumor. Perch. akin to E. <ets>claw</ets>. \'fb26. Cf. <er>Knawel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A ball of thread, yarn, or cord; also, The thread itself.</def>

<blockquote>Untwisting his deceitful <b>clew</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which guides or directs one in anything of a doubtful or intricate nature; that which gives a hint in the solution of a mystery.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>clew</b>, without which it was perilous to enter the vast and intricate maze of countinental politics, was in his hands.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a.)</sd> <def>A lower corner of a square sail, or the after corner of a fore-and-aft sail.</def> <sd>(b.)</sd> <def>A loop and thimbles at the corner of a sail.</def> <sd>(c.)</sd> <def>A combination of lines or nettles by which a hammock is suspended.</def>

<cs><col>Clew garnet</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>one of the ropes by which the clews of the courses of square-rigged vessels are drawn up to the lower yards.</cd> -- <col>Clew line</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a rope by which a clew of one of the smaller square sails, as topsail, topgallant sail, or royal, is run up to its yard.</cd> -- <col>Clew-line block</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>The block through which a clew line reeves. See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Block</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clew</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clew</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clewing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>kluwenen</ets>. See <er>Clew</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To direct; to guide, as by a thread.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Direct and <b>clew</b> me out the way to happiness.
<i>Beau. && Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To move of draw (a sail or yard) by means of the clew garnets, clew lines, etc.; esp. to draw up the clews of a square sail to the yard.</def>

<cs><col>To clew down</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to force (a yard) down by hauling on the clew lines.</cd> -- <col>To clew up</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to draw (a sail) up to the yard, as for furling.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clich\'82</h1>
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<hw>Cli`ch\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>clich\'82</ets>, from <ets>clicher</ets> to stereotype.]</ety> <def>A stereotype plate or any similar reproduction of ornament, or lettering, in relief.</def>

<cs><col>Clich\'82 casting</col>, <cd>a mode of obtaining an impression from a die or woodcut, or the like, by striking it suddenly upon metal which has been fused and is just becoming solid; also, the casting so obtained.</cd></cs>

<h1>Click</h1>
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<hw>Click</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clicked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clicking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. an onomatopoetic word: cf. OF. <ets>cliquier</ets>. <er>See Clack</er>, and cf. <er>Clink</er>, <er>Clique</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a slight, sharp noise (or a succession of such noises), as by gentle striking; to tick.</def>

<blockquote>The varnished clock that <b>clicked</b> behind the door.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Click</h1>
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<hw>Click</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To more with the sound of a click.</def>

<blockquote>She <b>clicked</b> back the bolt which held the window sash.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to make a clicking noise, as by striking together, or against something.</def>

<blockquote>[Jove] <b>clicked</b> all his marble thumbs.
<i>Ben Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When merry milkmaids <b>click</b> the latch.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Click</h1>
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<hw>Click</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A slight sharp noise, such as is made by the cocking of a pistol.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of articulation used by the natives of Southern Africa, consisting in a sudden withdrawal of the end or some other portion of the tongue from a part of the mouth with which it is in contact, whereby a sharp, clicking sound is produced. The sounds are four in number, and are called cerebral, palatal, dental, and lateral <i>clicks</i> or clucks, the latter being the noise ordinarily used in urging a horse forward.</def>

<h1>Click</h1>
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<hw>Click</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>kleken</ets>, <ets>clichen</ets>. Cf. <er>Clutch</er>.]</ety> <def>To snatch.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Click</h1>
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<hw>Click</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. 4th <er>Click</er>, and OF. <ets>clique</ets> latch.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A detent, pawl, or ratchet, as that which catches the cogs of a ratchet wheel to prevent backward motion. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Ratched wheel</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The latch of a door.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Click beetle</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Click" bee"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Elater</er>.</def>

<h1>Clicker</h1>
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<hw>Click"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who stands before a shop door to invite people to buy.</def> <mark>[Low, Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>One who as has charge of the work of a companionship.</def>

<h1>Clicket</h1>
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<hw>Click"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cliquet</ets> the latch of a door. See 5th <er>Click</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The knocker of a door.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A latch key.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Clicky</h1>
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<hw>Click"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a click; abounding in clicks.</def> "Their strange <i>clicky</i> language."

<i>The Century.</i>

<h1>Clidastes</h1>
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<hw>Cli*das"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., prob. from Gr. <?/ key.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of exinct marine reptiles, allied to the Mosasaurus. See <i>Illust</i>. in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Cliency</h1>
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<hw>Cli"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being a client.</def>

<h1>Client</h1>
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<hw>Cli"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cliens</ets>, <ets>-emtis</ets>, for <ets>cluens</ets>, one who hears (in relation to his protector), a client, fr. L. <ets>cluere</ets> to be named or called; akin to Gr. <?/ to hear, Skr. <ets>\'87ry</ets>, and E. <ets>loud</ets>: cf. F. <ets>client</ets>. See <er>Loud</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A citizen who put himself under the protection of a man of distinction and influence, who was called his patron.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dependent; one under the protection of another.</def>

<blockquote>I do think they are your friends and <b>clients</b>,
And fearful to disturb you.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who consults a legal adviser, or submits his cause to his management.</def>

<h1>Clientage</h1>
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<hw>Cli"ent*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>State of being client.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A body of clients.</def>

<i>E. Everett.</i>

<h1>Cliental</h1>
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<hw>Cli*en"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a client.</def>

<blockquote>A dependent and <b>cliental</b> relation.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I sat down in the <b>cliental</b> chair.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cliented</h1>
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<hw>Cli"ent*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Supplied with clients.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The least <b>cliented</b> pettifiggers.
<i>R. Carew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clientelage</h1>
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<hw>Cli*en"te*lage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Clientele</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Clientele</h1>
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<hw>Cli`en*tele"</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>clientela</ets>: cf. F. <ets>client\'8ale</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition or position of a client; clientship</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The clients or dependents of a nobleman of patron.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The persons who make habitual use of the services of another person; one's clients, collectively; <as>as, the <ex>clientele</ex> of a lawyer, doctor, notary, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Clientship</h1>
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<hw>Cli"ent*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Condition of a client; state of being under the protection of a patron.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Cliff</h1>
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<hw>Cliff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>clif</ets>, <ets>cloef</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>klif</ets>, D. <ets>klif</ets>, <ets>klip</ets>, Icel. <ets>klif</ets>, Dan. & G. <ets>klippe</ets>, Sw. <ets>klippa</ets>; perh. orig. <ets>a climbing place</ets>. See <er>Climb</er>.]</ety> <def>A high, steep rock; a precipice.</def>

<cs><col>Cliff swallow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a North American swallow (<spn>Petrochelidon lunifrons</spn>), which builds its nest against cliffs; the <i>eaves swallow<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cliff</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cliff</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Clef</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cliff limestone</h1>
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<hw>Cliff" lime"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A series of limestone strata found in Ohio and farther west, presenting bluffs along the rivers and valleys, formerly supposed to be of one formation, but now known to be partly Silurian and partly Devonian.</def>

<h1>Cliffy</h1>
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<hw>Cliff"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having cliffs; broken; craggy.</def>

<h1>Clift</h1>
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<hw>Clift</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Cliff</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A cliff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That gainst the craggy <b>clifts</b> did loudly roar.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clift</h1>
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<hw>Clift</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cleft</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cleft of crack; a narrow opening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fork of the legs; the crotch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Clifted</h1>
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<hw>Clift"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Clift</er> a cleft.]</ety> <def>Broken; fissured.</def>

<blockquote>Climb the Ande<?/ <b>clifted</b> side.
<i>Grainger.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Climacter</h1>
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<hw>Cli*mac"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, prop., round of a ladder, fr. <?/ ladder: cf. F. <ets>climact\'8are</ets>. See <er>Climax</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Climacteric</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Climacteric</h1>
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<hw>Cli*mac"ter*ic</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>climactericus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Climacter</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to a climacteric; critical.</def>

<h1>Climacteric</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cli*mac"ter*ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A period in human life in which some great change is supposed to take place in the constitution. The critical periods are thought by some to be the years produced by multiplying 7 into the odd numbers 3, 5, 7, and 9; to which others add the 81st year.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any critical period.</def>

<blockquote>It is your lot, as it was mine, to live during one of the grand <b>climacterics</b> of the world.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Grand</col> &or; <col>Great climacteric</col></mcol>, <cd>the sixty-third year of human life.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>I should hardly yield my rigid fibers to be regenerated by them; nor begin, in my <b>grand climacteric</b>, to squall in their new accents, or to stammer, in my second cradle, the elemental sounds of their barbarous metaphysics.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Climacterical</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clim`ac*ter"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Climacteric</er>.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Climatal</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cli"ma*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Climatic.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Climatarchic</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cli`ma*tar"chic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Climate</ets> + Gr. <?/ to rule.]</ety> <def>Presiding over, or regulating, climates.</def>

<h1>Climate</h1>
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<hw>Cli"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>climat</ets>, L. <ets>clima</ets>, <ets>-atis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, slope, the supposed slope of the earth (from the equator toward the pole), hence a region or zone of the earth, fr. <?/ to slope, incline, akin to E. <ets>lean</ets>, v. i. See <er>Lean</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and cf. <er>Clime</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anc. Geog.)</fld> <def>One of thirty regions or zones, parallel to the equator, into which the surface of the earth from the equator to the pole was divided, according to the successive increase of the length of the midsummer day.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The condition of a place in relation to various phenomena of the atmosphere, as temperature, moisture, etc., especially as they affect animal or vegetable life.</def>

<h1>Climate</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cli"mate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To dwell.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark> <i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Climatic</h1>
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<hw>Cli*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a climate; depending on, or limited by, a climate.</def>

<h1>Climatical</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cli*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Climatic.</def>

<h1>Climatize</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cli"ma*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Climatized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Climatizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To acclimate or become acclimated.</def>

<h1>Climatography</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cli`ma*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Climate</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of climates.</def>

<h1>Climatological</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cli`ma*to*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to climatology.</def>

<h1>Climatologist</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cli`ma*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in, or who studies, climatology.</def>

<h1>Climatology</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cli`ma*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Climate</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>climatologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of climates and investigates their phenomena and causes.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Climature</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cli"ma*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>climature</ets>.]</ety> <def>A climate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Climax</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Cli"max</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/ ladder, staircase, fr. <?/ to make to bend, to lean. See <er>Ladder</er>, <er>Lean</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Upward movement; steady increase; gradation; ascent.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of which the parts of a sentence or paragraph are so arranged that each sicceeding one rise<?/ above its predecessor in impressiveness.</def>

<blockquote>"Tribulation worketh patience, patience experience, and experience hope" -- a happy <b>climax</b>.
<i>J. D. Forbes.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The highest point; the greatest degree.</def>

<blockquote>We must look higher for the <b>climax</b> of earthly good.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To cap the climax</col>, <cd>to surpass everything, as in excellence or in absurdity. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Climb</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Climb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Climbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>Obs. or Vulgar</mark> <er>Clomb</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Climbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>climban</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>chlimban</ets>, G. & D. <ets>klimmen</ets>, Icel. <ets>kl\'c6fa</ets>, and E. <ets>cleave</ets> to adhere.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ascend or mount laboriously, esp. by use of the hands and feet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To ascend as if with effort; to rise to a higher point.</def>

<blockquote>Black vapors <b>climb</b> aloft, and cloud the day.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>To ascend or creep upward by twining about a support, or by attaching itself by tendrills, rootlets, etc., to a support or upright surface.</def>

<h1>Climb</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Climb</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To ascend, as by means of the hands and feet, or laboriously or slowly; to mount.</def>

<h1>Climb</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Climb</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of one who climbs; ascent by climbing.</def>

<i>Warburton.</i>

<h1>Climbable</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Climb"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being climbed.</def>

<h1>Climber</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Climb"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, climbs</def>: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant that climbs.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird that climbs, as a woodpecker or a parrot.</def>

<h1>Climber</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Climb"er</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Climb</er>; cf. <er>Clamber</er>.]</ety> <def>To climb; to mount with effort; to clamber.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Climbing</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Climb"ing</hw>, <def><tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> of <er>Climb</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Climbing fern</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fern</er>.</cd> -- <col>Climbing perch</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Anabas</er>, and <er>Labyrinthici</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clime</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clime</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>clima</ets>. See <er>Climate</er>.]</ety> <def>A climate; a tract or region of the earth. See <er>Climate</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Turn we to sutvey,
Where rougher <b>climes</b> a nobler race display.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clinanthium</h1>
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<hw>Cli*nan"thi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ bed + <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The receptacle of the flowers in a composite plant; -- also called <altname>clinium</altname>.</def>

<h1>Clinch</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clinch</hw> <tt>(?; 224)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clinched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clinching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>clenchen</ets>, prop. causative of <ets>clink</ets> to cause to clink, to strike; cf. D. <ets>klinken</ets> to tinkle, rivet. See <er>Clink</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hold firmly; to hold fast by grasping or embracing tightly.</def> "<i>Clinch</i> the pointed spear."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To set closely together; to close tightly; <as>as, to <ex>clinch</ex> the teeth or the first</as>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The bend or turn over the point of (something that has been driven trough an object), so that it will hold fast; <as>as, to <ex>clinch</ex> a nail</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make conclusive; to confirm; to establish; <as>as, to <ex>clinch</ex> an argument</as>.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Clinch</h1>
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<hw>Clinch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To hold fast; to grasp something firmly; to seize or grasp one another.</def>

<h1>Clinch</h1>
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<hw>Clinch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of holding fast; that which serves to hold fast; a grip; a grasp; a clamp; a holdfast; <as>as, to get a good <ex>clinch</ex> of an antagonist, or of a weapon; to secure anything by a <ex>clinch</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pun.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A hitch or bend by which a rope is made fast to the ring of an anchor, or the breeching of a ship's gun to the ringbolts.</def>

<h1>Clincher</h1>
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<hw>Clinch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, clinches; that which holds fast.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which ends a dispute or controversy; a decisive argument.</def>

<h1>Clincher-built</h1>
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<hw>Clinch"er-built</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Clinker-built</er>.</def>

<h1>Cling</h1>
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<hw>Cling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clung</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Clong</er> (<?/), <mark>Obs.</mark>); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clinging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>clingan</ets> to adhere, to wither; akin to Dan. <ets>klynge</ets> to cluster, crowd. Cf. <er>Clump</er>.]</ety> <def>To adhere closely; to stick; to hold fast, especially by twining round or embracing; <as>as, the tendril of a vine <ex>clings</ex> to its support</as>; -- usually followed by <i>to</i> or <i>together</i>.</def>

<blockquote>And what hath life for thee
That thou shouldst <b>cling</b> to it thus?
<i>Mrs. Hemans.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cling</h1>
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<hw>Cling</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to adhere to, especially by twining round or embraching.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I <b>clung</b> legs as close to his side as I could.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make to dry up or wither.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If thou speak'st false,
Upon the next tree shalt thou hang alive,
Till famine <b>cling</b> thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cling</h1>
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<hw>Cling</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adherence; attachment; devotion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A more tenacious <b>cling</b> to worldly respects.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clingstone</h1>
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<hw>Cling"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the flesh attached closely to the stone, as in some kinds of peaches.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A fruit, as a peach, whose flesh adheres to the stone.</def></def2>

<h1>Clingy</h1>
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<hw>Cling"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Apt to cling; adhesive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Clinic</h1>
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<hw>Clin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Clinical</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One confined to the bed by sickness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One who receives baptism on a sick bed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hook.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A school, or a session of a school or class, in which medicine or surgery is taught by the examination and treatment of patients in the presence of the pupils.</def>

<h1>Clinical, Clinic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Clin"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Clin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ bed, fr. <?/ to lean, recline: cf. F. <ets>clinique</ets>. See <er>Lean</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a bed, especially, a sick bed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a clinic, or to the study of disease in the living subject.</def>

<-- 3. a lesson or series of lessons taught to persons not expert in some activity, in which the errors of the students are pointed out, and remedial actions are suggested.  (fig.) (sports), a performance so excellent as to be considered a model for emulation. -->

<cs><col>Clinical baptism</col>, <cd>baptism administered to a person on a sick bed.</cd> -- <col>Clinical instruction</col>, <cd>instruction by means of clinics.</cd> -- <col>Clinical lecture</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a discourse upon medical topics illustrared by the exhibition and examination of living patients.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Clinical medicine</col>, <col>Clinical surgery</col></mcol>, <cd>that part of medicine or surgery which is occupied with the investigation of disease in the living subject.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clinically</h1>
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<hw>Clin"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a clinical manner.</def>

<h1>Clinique</h1>
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<hw>Cli*nique"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A clinic.</def>

<h1>Clinium</h1>
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<hw>Clin"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ bed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See Clinanthium.</def>

<h1>Clink</h1>
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<hw>Clink</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clinked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clinking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>clinken</ets>; akin to G. <ets>klingen</ets>, D. <ets>klinken</ets>, SW. <ets>klinga</ets>, Dan. <ets>klinge</ets>; prob. of imitative origin. Cf. <er>Clank</er>, <er>Clench</er>, <er>Click</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>To cause to give out a slight, sharp, tinkling, sound, as by striking metallic or other sonorous bodies together.</def>

<blockquote>And let me the canakin <b>clink</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clink</h1>
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<hw>Clink</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give out a slight, sharp, thinkling sound.</def> "The <i>clinking</i> latch."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rhyme. <mark>[Humorous]</mark>.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Clink</h1>
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<hw>Clink</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A slight, sharp, tinkling sound, made by the collision of sonorous bodies.</def> "<b>Clink</b> and fall of swords."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Clinkant</h1>
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<hw>Clin"kant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Clnquant</er>.</def>

<h1>Clinker</h1>
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<hw>Clink"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>clink</ets>; cf. D. <ets>clinker</ets> a brick which is so hard that it makes a sonorous sound, from <ets>clinken</ets> to clink. Cf. <er>Clinkstone</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mass composed of several bricks run together by the action of the fire in the kiln.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Scoria or vitrified incombustible matter, formed in a grate or furnace where anthracite coal in used; vitrified or burnt matter ejected from a volcano; slag.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A scale of oxide of iron, formed in forging.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A kind of brick. See <cref>Dutch klinker</cref>, under <er>Dutch</er>.</def>

<h1>Clinker-built</h1>
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<hw>Clink"er-built</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Having the side planks (af a boat) so arranged that the lower edge of each overlaps the upper edge of the plank next below it like clapboards on a house. See <er>Lapstreak</er>.</def>

<h1>Clinkstone</h1>
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<hw>Clink"stone`</hw> <tt>(?; 110)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Clink</ets> + <ets>stone</ets>; -- from its sonorousness.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An igneous rock of feldspathic composition, lamellar in structure, and clinking under the hammer. See <er>Phonolite</er>.</def>

<h1>Clinodiagonal</h1>
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<hw>Cli`no*di*ag"o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to incline + E. <ets>diagonal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>That diagonal or lateral axis in a monoclinic crystal which makes an oblique angle witch the vertical axis. See <er>Crystallization</er>.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt>  <def>Pertaining to, or the direction of, the clinidiagonal.</def></def2>

<h1>Clinodome</h1>
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<hw>Cli"no*dome`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to incline + E. <ets>dome</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Dome</er>.</def>

<h1>Clinographic</h1>
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<hw>Cli"no*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gr</ets>. <ets><?/ to incline</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to that mode of projection in drawing in which the rays of light are supposed to fall obliquely on the plane of projection.</def>

<h1>Clinoid</h1>
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<hw>Cli"noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bed + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Like a bed; -- applied to several processes on the inner side of the sphenoid bone.</def>

<h1>Clinometer</h1>
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<hw>Cli*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to incline + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for determining the dip of beds or strata, pr the slope of an embankment or cutting; a kind of plumb level.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Clinometric</h1>
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<hw>Clin`o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or ascertained by, the clinometer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to the oblique crystalline forms, or to solids which have oblique angles between the axes; <as>as, the <ex>clinometric</ex> systems</as>.</def>

<h1>Clinometry</h1>
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<hw>Cli*nom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(geol.)</fld> <def>That art or operation of measuring the inclination of strata.</def>

<h1>Clinopinacoid</h1>
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<hw>Cli`no*pin"a*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to incline + E. <ets>pinacoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The plane in crystals of the monoclinic system which is parallel to the vertical and the inclined lateral (clinidiagonal) axes.</def>

<h1>Clinorhombic</h1>
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<hw>Cli`no*rhom"bic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to incline + E. <ets>rhombic</ets>: cf. F. <ets>clinorhombique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Possessing the qualities of a prism, obliquely inclined to a rhombic base; monoclinic.</def>

<h1>Clinquant</h1>
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<hw>Clin"quant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Glittering; dressed in, or overlaid with, tinsel finery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Clinquant</h1>
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<hw>Clin"quant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Tinse;l; Dutch gold.</def>

<h1>Clio</h1>
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<hw>Cli"o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ the proclaimer, fr. <?/ to call, tell of, make famous.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The Muse who presided over history.</def>

<h1>Clione</h1>
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<hw>Cli*o"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A genus of naked pteropods. One species (<spn>Clione papilonacea</spn>), abundant in the Arctic Ocean, constitutes a part of the food of the Greenland whale. It is sometimes incorrectly called <i>Clio</i>.</def>

<h1>Clip</h1>
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<hw>Clip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clipped</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clipping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cluppen</ets>, <ets>clippen</ets>, to embrace, AS. <ets>clyran</ets> to embrace, clasp; cf. OHG. <ets>kluft</ets> tongs, shears, Icel, <ets>kl\'dfpa</ets> to pinch, squeeze, also OE. <ets>clippen</ets> to cut, shear, Dan. <ets>klippe</ets> to clip, cut, SW. & Icel. <ets>klippa</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To embrace, hence; to encompass.</def>

<blockquote>O . . . that Neptune's arms, who <b>clippeth</b> thee about,
Would bear thee from the knowledge of thyself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cut off; as with shears or scissors; <as>as, to <ex>clip</ex> the hair; to <ex>clip</ex> coin.</as></def>

<blockquote>Sentenced to have his ears <b>clipped</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To curtail; to cut short.</def>

<blockquote>All my reports go with the modest truth;
No more nor <b>clipped</b>, but so.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In London they <b>clip</b> their words after one manner about the court, another in the city, and a third in the suburbs.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clip</h1>
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<hw>Clip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To move swiftly; -- usually with indefinite <i>it</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Straight flies as chek, and <b>clips</b> it down the wind.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clip</h1>
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<hw>Clip</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An embrace.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cutting; a shearing.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The product of a single shearing of sheep; a season's crop of wool.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A clasp or holder for letters, papers, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An embracing strap for holding parts together; the iron strap, with loop, at the ends of a whiffletree.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A projecting flange on the upper edge of a horseshoe, turned up so as to embrace the lower part of the hoof; -- called also <altname>toe clip</altname> and <altname>beak</altname>.</def>

<i>Youatt.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A blow or stroke with the hand; <as>as, he hit him a <ex>clip</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Clipper</h1>
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<hw>Clip"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who clips; specifically, one who clips off the edges of coin.</def>
<-- sic. coin here is in the plural. -->

<blockquote>The value is pared off from it into the <b>clipper's</b> pocket.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A machine for clipping hair, esp. the hair of horses.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel with a sharp bow, built and rigged for fast sailing.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Clip"per-built`</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<note>&hand; The name was first borne by "Baltimore clippers" famous as privateers in the early wars of the United States.</note>

<h1>Clipping</h1>
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<hw>Clip"ping</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of embracing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of cutting off, curtailing, or diminishing; the practice of clipping the edges of coins.</def>

<blockquote><b>clipping</b> by Englishmen is robbing the honest man who receives clipped money.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is clipped off or out of something; a piece separated by clipping; <as>as, newspaper <ex>clippings</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Clique</h1>
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<hw>Clique</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. OF. <ets>cliquer</ets> to click. See <er>Click</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>A narrow circle of persons associated by common interests or for the accomplishment of a common purpose; -- generally used in a bad sense.</def>

<h1>Clique</h1>
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<hw>Clique</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To To associate together in a clannish way; to act with others secretly to gain a desired end; to plot; -- used with <i>together</i>.</def>

<h1>Cliquish</h1>
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<hw>Cli"quish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a clique; disposed to from cliques; exclusive in spirit.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Cli"*quish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Cliquism</h1>
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<hw>Cli"quism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The tendency to associate in cliques; the spirit of cliques.</def>

<h1>Clitellus</h1>
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<hw>Cli*tel"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., prob. fr. L. <ets>clitellae</ets> a packsadle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A thickened glandular portion of the body of the adult earthworm, consisting of several united segments modified for reproductive purposes.</def>

<h1>Clitoris</h1>
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<hw>Cli"to*ris</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to shut up. It is concealed by the <ets>labia pudendi</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A small organ at the upper part of the vulva, homologous to the penis in the male.</def>

<h1>Clivers</h1>
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<hw>Cliv"ers</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cleavers</er>.</def>

<h1>Clivity</h1>
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<hw>Cliv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Clivities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>clivus</ets> hill.]</ety> <def>Inclination; ascent or descent; a gradient.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cloaca</h1>
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<hw>Clo"a"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cloac\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sewer; <as>as, the <ex>Cloaca Maxima</ex> of Rome</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A privy.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The common chamber into which the intestinal, urinary, and generative canals discharge in birds, reptiles, amphibians, and many fishes.</def>

<h1>Cloacal</h1>
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<hw>Clo*a"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a cloaca.</def>

<h1>Cloak</h1>
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<hw>Cloak</hw> <tt>(?; 110)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of. <ets>cloque</ets> cloak (from the bell-like shape), bell, F. <ets>cloche</ets> bell; perh. of Celtik origin and the same word as E. <ets>clock</ets>. See 1st <er>Clock</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A loose outer garment, extending from the neck downwards, and commonly without sleeves. It is longer than a cape, and is worn both by men and by women.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which conceals; a disguise or pretext; an excuse; a fair pretense; a mask; a cover.</def>

<blockquote>No man is esteemed any ways considerable for policy who wears religion otherwise than as a <b>cloak</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Cloak bag</col>, <cd>a bag in which a cloak or other clothes are carried; a portmanteau.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cloak</h1>
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<hw>Cloak</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cloaked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cloaking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover with, or as with, a cloak; hence, to hide or conceal.</def>

<blockquote>Now glooming sadly, so to <b>cloak</b> her matter.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Palliate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Cloakedly</h1>
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<hw>Cloak"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a concealed manner.</def>

<h1>Cloaking</h1>
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<hw>Cloak"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of covering with a cloak; the act of concealing anything.</def>

<blockquote>To take heed of their dissembings and <b>cloakings</b>.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The material of which of which cloaks are made.</def>

<h1>Cloakroom</h1>
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<hw>Cloak"room`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A room, attached to any place of public resort, where cloaks, overcoats, etc., may be deposited for a time.</def>

<h1>Clock</h1>
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<hw>Clock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>clucge</ets> bell; akin to D. <ets>klok</ets> clock, bell, G. <ets>glocke</ets>, Dan. <ets>klokke</ets>, Sw. <ets>klocka</ets>, Icel. <ets>klukka</ets> bell, LL. <ets>clocca</ets>, <ets>cloca</ets> (whence F. <ets>cloche</ets>); al perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>clog</ets> bell, clock, W. <ets>cloch</ets> bell. Cf. <er>Cloak</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A machine for measuring time, indicating the hour and other divisions by means of hands moving on a dial plate. Its works are moved by a weight or a spring, and it is often so constructed as to tell the hour by the stroke of a hammer on a bell. It is not adapted, like the watch, to be carried on the person.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A watcg, esp. one that strikes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Walton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The striking of a clock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A figure or figured work on the ankle or side of a stocking.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<note>&hand; The phrases <i>what o'clock</i>? <i>it is nine o'clock</i>, etc., are contracted from <i>what of the clock</i>? <i>it is nine of the clock</i>, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Alarm clock</col>. <cd>See under <er>Alarm</er>.</cd> -- <col>Astronomical clock</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A clock of superior construction, with a compensating pendulum, etc., to measure time with great accuracy, for use in astronomical observatories; -- called a <i>regulator<i> when used by watchmakers as a standard for regulating timepieces.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A clock with mechanism for indicating certain astronomical phenomena, as the phases of the moon, position of the sun in the ecliptic, equation of time, etc.</cd> -- <col>Electric clock</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A clock moved or regulated by electricity or electro-magnetism.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A clock connected with an electro-magnetic recording apparatus.</cd> -- <col>Ship's clock</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a clock arranged to strike from one to eight strokes, at half hourly intervals, marking the divisions of the ship's watches.</cd> -- <col>Sidereal clock</col>, <cd>an astronomical clock regulated to keep sidereal time.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clock</h1>
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<hw>Clock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To ornament with figured work, as the side of a stocking.</def>

<h1>Clock</h1>
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<hw>Clock</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To call, as a hen. See <er>Cluck</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Clock</h1>
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<hw>Clock</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large beetle, esp. the European dung beetle (<spn>Scarab\'91us stercorarius</spn>).</def>

<h1>Clocklike</h1>
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<hw>Clock"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a clock or like clockwork; mechanical.</def>

<blockquote>Their services are <b>clocklike</b>, to be set
Blackward and vorward at their lord's command.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clockwork</h1>
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<hw>Clock"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The machinery of a clock, or machinary resembling that of a clock; machinery which produced regularity of movement.</def>

<h1>Clod</h1>
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<hw>Clod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>clodde</ets>, latter form of <ets>clot</ets>. See <er>Clot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A lump or mass, especially of earth, turf, or clay.</def> "<i>Clods</i> of a slimy substance." <i>Carew.</i> "<b>Clods</b> of iron and brass." <i>Milton.</i></blockquote> "<b>Clods</b> of blood." <i>E. Fairfax.</i>

<blockquote>The earth that casteth up from the plow a great <b>clod</b>, is not so good as that which casteth up a smaller <b>clod</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The ground; the earth; a spot of earth or turf.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>clod</b>
<b>Where once their sultan's horse has trod</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is earthy and of little relative value, as the body of man in comparison with the soul.</def>

<blockquote>This cold <b>clod</b> of clay which we carry about with us.
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A dull, gross, stupid fellow; a dolt</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A pert of the shoulder of a beef creature, or of the neck piece near the shoulder. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Beef</er>.</def>

<h1>Clod</h1>
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<hw>Clod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.i</tt> <def>To collect into clods, or into a thick mass; to coagulate; to clot; <as>as, <ex>clodded</ex> gore</as>. See <er>Clot</er>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Clodded</b> in lumps of clay.
<i>G. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clod</h1>
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<hw>Clod</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pelt with clods.</def>

<i>Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To throw violently; to hurl.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Cloddish</h1>
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<hw>Clod"dish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling clods; gross; low; stupid; boorish.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Clod"dish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Cloddy</h1>
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<hw>Clod"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of clods; full of clods.</def>

<h1>Clodhopper</h1>
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<hw>Clod"hop`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rude, rustic fellow.</def>

<h1>Clodhopping</h1>
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<hw>Clod"hop`ping</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Boorish; rude.</def>

<i>C. Bront\'82.</i>

<h1>Clodpate</h1>
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<hw>Clod"pate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A blockhead; a dolt.</def>

<h1>Clodpated</h1>
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<hw>Clod"pat`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Stupid; dull; doltish.</def>

<h1>Clodpoll</h1>
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<hw>Clod"poll`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Clod</ets> + <ets>poll</ets> head.]</ety> <def>A stupid fellow; a dolt.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>clodpole</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cloff</h1>
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<hw>Cloff</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Formerly an allowance of two pounds in every three hundred weight after the tare and tret are subtracted; now used only in a general sense, of small deductions from the original weight.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>clough</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>McCulloch.</i>

<h1>Clog</h1>
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<hw>Clog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>clogge</ets> clog, Scot. <ets>clag</ets>, <tt>n.</tt>, a clot, <tt>v.</tt>, to to obstruct, cover with mud or anything adhesive; prob. of the same origin as E. <ets>clay</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which hinders or impedes motion; hence, an encumbrance, restraint, or impediment, of any kind.</def>

<blockquote>All the ancient, honest, juridical principles and institutions of England are so many <b>clogs</b> to check and retard the headlong course of violence and opression.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A weight, as a log or block of wood, attached to a man or an animal to hinder motion.</def>

<blockquote>As a dog . . . but chance breaks loose,
And quits his <b>clog</b>.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>clog</b> of lead was round my feet.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A shoe, or sandal, intended to protect the feet from wet, or to increase the apparent stature, and having, therefore, a very thick sole. Cf. <er>Chopine</er>.</def>

<blockquote>In France the peasantry goes barefoot; and the middle sort . . . makes use of wooden <b>clogs</b>.
<i>Harvey.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Clog almanac</col>, <cd>a primitive kind of almanac or calendar, formerly used in England, made by cutting notches and figures on the four edges of a clog, or square piece of wood, brass, or bone; -- called also a <altname>Runic staff</altname>, from the Runic characters used in the numerical notation.</cd> -- <col>Clog dance</col>, <cd>a dance performed by a person wearing clogs, or thick-soled shoes.</cd> -- <wordforms><col>Clog dancer</col>.</wordforms></cs>

<h1>Clog</h1>
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<hw>Clog</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clogged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clogging</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To encumber or load, especially with something that impedes motion; to hamper.</def>

<blockquote>The winds of birds were <b>clogged</b> with ace and snow.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To obstruct so as to hinder motion in or through; to choke up; <as>as, to <ex>clog</ex> a tube or a channel</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To burden; to trammel; to embarrass; to perplex.</def>

<blockquote>The commodities are <b>clogged</b> with impositions.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You 'll rue the time
That <b>clogs</b> me with this answer.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Impede; hinder; obstruct; embarrass; burden; restrain; restrict.</syn>

<h1>Clog</h1>
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<hw>Clog</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become clogged; to become loaded or encumbered, as with extraneous matter.</def>

<blockquote>In working through the bone, the teeth of the saw will begin to <b>clog</b>.
<i>S. Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To coalesce or adhere; to unite in a mass.</def>

<blockquote>Move it sometimes with a broom, that the seeds <b>clog</b> not together.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clogginess</h1>
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<hw>Clog"gi*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being clogged.</def>

<h1>Clogging</h1>
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<hw>Clog"ging</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything which clogs.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Cloggy</h1>
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<hw>Clog"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Clogging, or having power to clog.</def>

<h1>Cloisonn\'82</h1>
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<hw>Cloi`son*n\'82</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., partitioned, fr. <ets>cloison</ets> a partition.]</ety> <def>Inlaid between partitions: -- said of enamel when the lines which divide the different patches of fields are composed of a kind of metal wire secured to the ground; as distinguished from <i>champlev\'82</i> enamel, in which the ground is engraved or scooped out to receive the enamel.</def>

<i>S. Wells Williams.</i>

<h1>Cloister</h1>
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<hw>Clois"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cloistre</ets>, F. <ets>clo\'8ctre</ets>, L. <ets>claustrum</ets>, pl. <ets>claustra</ets>, bar, bolt, bounds, fr. <ets>claudere</ets>, <ets>clausum</ets>, to close. See <er>Close</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Claustral</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An inclosed place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A covered passage or ambulatory on one side of a court; (<pluf>pl.</pluf>) the series of such passages on the different sides of any court, esp. that of a monastery or a college.</def>

<blockquote>But let my due feet never fail
To walk the studious <b>cloister's</b> pale.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A monastic establishment; a place for retirement from the world for religious duties.</def>

<blockquote>Fitter for a <b>cloister</b> than a crown.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Cloister garth</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the garden or open part of a court inclosed by the cloisters.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Cloister</er>, <er>Monastery</er>, <er>Nunnery</er>, <er>Convent</er>, <er>Abbey</er>, <er>Priory</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Cloister</i> and <i>convent</i> are generic terms, and denote a place of seclusion from the world for persons who devote their lives to religious purposes. They differ is that the distinctive idea of <i>cloister</i> is that of seclusion from the world, that of <i>convent</i>, community of living. Both terms denote houses for recluses of either sex. A <i>cloister</i> or <i>convent</i> for <i>monks</i> is called a <i>monastery</i>; for <i>nuns</i>, a <i>nunnery</i>. An <i>abbey</i> is a convent or monastic institution governed by an abbot or an abbess; a <i>priory</i> is one governed by a prior or a prioress, and is usually affiliated to an abbey.</usage>

<h1>Cloister</h1>
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<hw>Clois"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cloistered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cloistering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To confine in, or as in, a cloister; to seclude from the world; to immure.</def>

<blockquote>None among them are throught worthy to be styled religious persons but those that <b>cloister</b> themselves up in a monastery.
<i>Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cloisteral</h1>
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<hw>Clois"ter*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cloistral.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>I. Walton.</i>

<h1>Cloistered</h1>
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<hw>Clois"tered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dwelling in cloisters; solitary.</def> "<i>Cloistered</i> friars and vestal nuns."

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<blockquote>In <b>cloistered</b> state let selfish sages dwell,
Proud that their heart is narrow as their cell.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Furnished with cloisters.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Cloisterer</h1>
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<hw>Clois"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>cloistier</ets>.]</ety> <def>One belonging to, or living in, a cloister; a recluse.</def>

<h1>Cloistral</h1>
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<hw>Clois"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or confined in, a cloister; recluse.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cloisteral</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Best become a <b>cloistral</b> exercise.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cloistress</h1>
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<hw>Clois"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nun.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cloke</h1>
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<hw>Cloke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See Cloak.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Clomb, Clomben</h1>
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<hw><hw>Clomb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Clomb"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Climb</er> (for <i>climbed</i>).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The sonne, he sayde, is <b>clomben</b> up on hevene.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clomp</h1>
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<hw>Clomp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Clamp</er>.</def>

<h1>Clong</h1>
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<hw>Clong</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Cling</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Clonic</h1>
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<hw>Clon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a violent, confused motion; cf. F. <ets>clonique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having an irregular, convulsive motion.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<cs><col>Clonic spasm</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Spasm</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cloom</h1>
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<hw>Cloom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[A variant of <ets>clam</ets> to clog.]</ety> <def>To close with glutinous matter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Cloop</h1>
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<hw>Cloop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[An onomatop\'d2ia.]</ety> <def>The sound made when a cork is forcibly drawn from a bottle.</def> "The <i>cloop</i> of a cork wrenched from a bottle."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Close</h1>
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<hw>Close</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Closed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Closing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From OF. & F. <ets>clos</ets>, p. p. of <ets>clore</ets> to close, fr. L. <ets>claudere</ets>; akin to G. <ets>schliessen</ets> to shut, and to E. <ets>clot</ets>, <ets>cloister</ets>, <ets>clavicle</ets>, <ets>conclude</ets>, <ets>sluice</ets>. Cf. <er>Clause</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stop, or fill up, as an opening; to shut; <as>as, to <ex>close</ex> the eyes; to <ex>close</ex> a door.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring together the parts of; to consolidate; <as>as, to <ex>close</ex> the ranks of an army; -- often used with <ex>up</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bring to an end or period; to conclude; to complete; to finish; to end; to consummate; <as>as, to <ex>close</ex> a bargain; to <ex>close</ex> a course of instruction.</as></def>

<blockquote>One frugal supper did our studies <b>close</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To come or gather around; to inclose; to encompass; to confine.</def>

<blockquote>The depth <b>closed</b> me round about.
<i>Jonah ii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But now thou dost thyself immure and <b>close</b>
In some one corner of a feeble heart.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>A closed sea</col>, <cd>a sea within the jurisdiction of some particular nation, which controls its navigation.</cd></cs>

<h1>Close</h1>
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<hw>Close</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come together; to unite or coalesce, as the parts of a wound, or parts separated.</def>

<blockquote>What deep wounds ever <b>closed</b> without a scar?
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To end, terminate, or come to a period; <as>as, the debate <ex>closed</ex> at six o'clock</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To grapple; to engange in hand-to-hand fight.</def>

<blockquote>They boldly <b>closed</b> in a hand-to-hand contest.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To close on</col> <it>or</it> <col>upon</col></mcol>, <cd>to come to a mutual agreement; to agree on or join in. "Would induce France and Holland to <i>close upon<i> some measures between them to our disadvantage." <i>Sir W. Temple</i>.</cd> -- <col>To close with</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To accede to; to consent or agree to; as, to <i>close with<i> the terms proposed.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To make an agreement with.</cd> -- <col>To close with the land</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to approach the land.</cd></cs>

<h1>Close</h1>
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<hw>Close</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The manner of shutting; the union of parts; junction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The doors of plank were; their <b>close</b> exquisite.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conclusion; cessation; ending; end.</def>

<blockquote> His long and troubled life was drawing to a <b>close</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A grapple in wrestling.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The conclusion of a strain of music; cadence.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A double bar marking the end.</def>

<blockquote>At every <b>close</b> she made, the attending throng
Replied, and bore the burden of the song.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Conclusion; termination; cessation; end; ending; extremity; extreme.</syn>

<h1>Close</h1>
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<hw>Close</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. & F. <ets>clos</ets> an inclosure, fr. <ets>clos</ets>, p. p. of <ets>clore</ets>. See <er>Close</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inclosed place; especially, a small field or piece of land surrounded by a wall, hedge, or fence of any kind; -- specifically, the precinct of a cathedral or abbey.</def>

<blockquote><b>Closes</b> surrounded by the venerable abodes of deans and canons.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A narrow passage leading from a street to a court, and the houses within.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The interest which one may have in a piece of ground, even though it is not inclosed.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Close</h1>
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<hw>Close</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Closer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Closest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of. & F. <ets>clos</ets>, p. p. of <ets>clore</ets>. See <er>Close</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Shut fast; closed; tight; <as>as, a <ex>close</ex> box</as>.</def>

<blockquote>From a <b>close</b> bower this dainty music flowed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Narrow; confined; <as>as, a <ex>close</ex> alley; <ex>close</ex> quarters.</as></def> "A <i>close</i> prison."

<i>Dickens.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Oppressive; without motion or ventilation; causing a feeling of lassitude; -- said of the air, weather, etc.</def>

<blockquote>If the rooms be low-roofed, or full of windows and doors, the one maketh the air <b>close</b>, . . . and the other maketh it exceeding unequal.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Strictly confined; carefully quarded; <as>as, a <ex>close</ex> prisoner</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Out of the way observation; secluded; secret; hidden.</def> "He yet kept himself <i>close</i> because of Saul."

<i>1 Chron. xii. 1</i>

<blockquote>"Her <b>close</b> intent."
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Disposed to keep secrets; secretive; reticent.</def> "For servecy, no lady <i>closer</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Having the parts near each other; dense; solid; compact; as applied to bodies; viscous; tenacious; not volatile, as applied to liquids.</def>

<blockquote>The golden globe being put into a press, . . . the water made itself way through the pores of that very <b>close</b> metal.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Concise; to the point; <as>as, <ex>close</ex> reasoning</as>.</def> "Where the original is <i>close</i> no version can reach it in the same compass."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Adjoining; near; either in space; time, or thought; -- often followed by <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Plant the spring crocuses <b>close</b> to a wall.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The thought of the Man of sorrows seemed a very <b>close</b> thing -- not a faint hearsay.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Short; <as>as, to cut grass or hair <ex>close</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Intimate; familiar; confidential.</def>

<blockquote>League with you I seek
And mutual amity, so strait, so <b>close</b>,
That I with you must dwell, or you with me.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>Nearly equal; almost evenly balanced; <as>as, a <ex>close</ex> vote</as>.</def> "A <i>close</i> contest."

<i>Prescott.</i>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>Difficult to obtain; <as>as, money is <ex>close</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<p><b>14.</b> <def>Parsimonious; stingy.</def> "A crusty old fellow, as <i>close</i> as a vise."

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<p><b>15.</b> <def>Adhering strictly to a standard or original; exact; strict; <as>as, a <ex>close</ex> translation</as>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>16.</b> <def>Accurate; careful; precise; also, attentive; undeviating; strict; not wandering; <as>as, a <ex>close</ex> observer</as>.</def>

<p><b>17.</b> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>Uttered with a relatively contracted opening of the mouth, as certain sounds of <i>e</i> and <i>o</i> in French, Italian, and German; -- opposed to <i>open</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Close borough</col>. <cd>See under <er>Borough</er>.</cd> -- <col>Close breeding</col>. <cd>See under <er>Breeding</er>.</cd> -- <col>Close communion</col>, <cd>communion in the Lord's supper, restricted to those who have received baptism by immersion.</cd> -- <col>Close corporation</col>, <cd>a body or corporation which fills its own vacancies.</cd> -- <col>Close fertilization</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Fertilization</er>.</cd> -- <col>Close harmony</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>compact harmony, in which the tones composing each chord are not widely distributed over several octaves.</cd> -- <col>Close time</col>, <cd>a fixed period during which killing game or catching certain fish is prohibited by law.</cd> -- <col>Close vowel</col> <fld>(Pron.)</fld>, <cd>a vowel which is pronounced with a diminished aperture of the lips, or with contraction of the cavity of the mouth.</cd> -- <col>Close to the wind</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>directed as nearly to the point from which the wind blows as it is possible to sail; closehauled; -- said of a vessel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Close</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Close</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a close manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Secretly; darkly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A wondrous vision which did <b>close</b> imply
The course of all her fortune and posterity.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Close-banded</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Close"-band`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Closely united.</def>

<h1>Close-barred</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Close"-barred`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Firmly barred or closed.</def>

<h1>Close-bodied</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Close"-bod`ied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fitting the body exactly; setting close, as a garment.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Close-fights</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Close"-fights`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Barriers with loopholes, formerly erected on the deck of a vessel to shelter the men in a close engagement with an enemy's boarders; -- called also <altname>close quarters</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Closefisted</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Close"fist`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covetous; niggardly.</def>

<i>Bp. Berkeley.</i>

"<b>Closefisted</b> contractors."
<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Closehanded</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Close"hand`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covetous; penurious; stingy; closefisted.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Close"hand`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Closehauled</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Close"hauled`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Under way and moving as nearly as possible toward the direction from which the wind blows; -- said of a sailing vessel.</def>

<h1>Closely</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Close"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a close manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Secretly; privately.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That nought she did but wayle, and often steepe
Her dainty couch with tears which
<b>closely</b> she did weepe.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Closemouthed</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Close"mouthed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cautious in speaking; secret; wary; uncommunicative.</def>

<h1>Closen</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clos"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make close.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Closeness</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Close"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being close.</def>

<blockquote>Half stifled by the <b>closeness</b> of the room.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We rise not against the piercing judgment of Augustus, nor the extreme caution or <b>closeness</b> of Tiberius.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An affectation of <b>closeness</b> and covetousness.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Narrowness; oppressiveness; strictness; secrecy; compactness; conciseness; nearness; intimacy; tightness; stinginess; literalness.</syn>

<h1>Closer</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clos"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, closes; specifically, a boot closer. See under <er>Boot</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A finisher; that which finishes or terminates.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>The last stone in a horizontal course, if of a less size than the others, or a piece of brick finishing a course.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Closereefed</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Close"reefed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Having all the reefs taken in; -- said of a sail.</def>

<h1>Close-stool</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Close"-stool`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A utensil to hold a chamber vessel, for the use of the sick and infirm. It is usually in the form of a box, with a seat and tight cover.</def>

<h1>Closet</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clos"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>closet</ets> little inclosure, dim. of <ets>clos</ets>. See <er>Close</er> an inclosure.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small room or apartment for retirement; a room for privacy.</def>

<blockquote>A chair-lumbered <b>closet</b>, just twelve feet by nine.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When thou prayest, enter into thy <b>closet</b>.
<i>Matt. vi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small apartment, or recess in the side of a room, for household utensils, clothing, etc.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<cs><col>Closet sin</col>, <cd>sin commited in privacy.</cd></cs>
<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Closet</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Clos"et</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Closeting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shut up in, or as in, a closet; to conceal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Bedlam's <b>closeted</b> and handcuffed charge.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make into a closet for a secret interview.</def>

<blockquote>He was to call a new legislature, to <b>closet</b> its members.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He had been <b>closeted</b> with De Quadra.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Close-tongued</h1>
<Xpage=265>

<hw>Close"-tongued`</hw> <tt>(<?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> Closemouthed; silent. "<b>Close-tongued</b> treason."
<i>Shak.</i>

<hr>
<page="268">
Page 268<p>

<h1>Closh</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Closh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>clocher</ets> to limp, halt.]</ety> <def>A disease in the feet of cattle; laminitis.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Closh</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Closh</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[CF. D. <ets>klossen</ets> to play at bowls.]</ety> <def>The game of ninepins.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Closure</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clo"sure</hw> <tt>(?, 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of. closure, L. <ets>clausura</ets>, fr. <ets>clauedere</ets> to shut. See <er>Close</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of shutting; a closing; <as>as, the <ex>closure</ex> of a chink</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which closes or shuts; that by which separate parts are fastened or closed.</def>

<blockquote>Without a seal, wafer, or any <b>closure</b> whatever.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which incloses or confines; an inclosure.</def>

<blockquote>O thou bloody prison . . .
Within the guilty <b>closure</b> of thy walls
Richard the Second here was hacked to death.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A conclusion; an end.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Parliamentary Practice)</fld> <def>A method of putting an end to debate and securing an immediate vote upon a measure before a legislative body. It is similar in effect to <i>the previous question</i>. It was first introduced into the British House of Commons in 1882. The French word <i>cl\'93ture</i> was originally applied to this proceeding.</def>

<h1>Clot</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>clot</ets>, <ets>clodde</ets>, clod; akin to D. <ets>kloot</ets> ball, G. <ets>kloss</ets> clod, dumpling, <ets>klotz</ets> block, Dan. <ets>klods</ets>, Sw. <ets>klot</ets> bowl, globe, <ets>klots</ets> block; cf. AS. <ets>cl\'bete</ets> bur. Cf. <er>Clod</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Clutter</er> to clot.]</ety> <def>A concretion or coagulation; esp. a soft, slimy, coagulated mass, as of blood; a coagulum.</def> "<i>Clots</i> of pory gore."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>Doth bake the egg into <b>clots</b> as if it began to poach.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Clod</i> and <i>clot</i> appear to be radically the same word, and are so used by early writers; but in present use <i>clod</i> is applied to a mass of earth or the like, and <i>clot</i> to a concretion or coagulation of soft matter.</note>

<h1>Clot</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clot</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clotted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clotting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To concrete, coagulate, or thicken, as soft or fluid matter by evaporation; to become a cot or clod.</def>

<h1>Clot</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clot</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form into a slimy mass.</def>

<h1>Clotbur</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clot"bur`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Clote</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The burdock.</def> <mark>[Prov. Engl.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Same as <er>Cocklebur</er>.</def>

<h1>Clote</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cl<?/te</ets>: cf. G. <ets>klette</ets>.]</ety> <def>The common burdock; the clotbur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Cloth</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Cloth</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cloths</plw> <tt>(#; 115)</tt>, except in the sense of garments, when it is <plw>Clothes</plw> (kl\'d3thz &or; kl\'d3z).</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>clath</ets> cloth, AS. <ets>cl\'be\'ed</ets> cloth, garment; akin to D. <ets>kleed</ets>, Icel. <ets>kl\'91\'ebi</ets>, Dan. <ets>kl\'91de</ets>, cloth, Sw. <ets>kl\'84de</ets>, G. <ets>kleid</ets> garment, dress.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fabric made of fibrous material (or sometimes of wire, as in wire cloth); commonly, a woven fabric of cotton, woolen, or linen, adapted to be made into garments; specifically, woolen fabrics, as distinguished from all others.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The dress; raiment. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Clothes</er>.</def>

<blockquote>I'll ne'er distust my God for <b>cloth</b> and bread.
<i>Quarles.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The distinctive dress of any profession, especially of the clergy; hence, the clerical profession.</def>

<blockquote>Appeals were made to the priesthood. Would they tamely permit so gross an insult to be offered to their <b>cloth</b>?
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>cloth</b>, the clergy, are constituted for administering and for giving the best possible effect to . . . every axiom.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Body cloth</col>. <cd>See under <er>Body</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cloth of gold</col>, <cd>a fabric woven wholly or partially of threads of gold.</cd> -- <col>Cloth measure</col>, <cd>the measure of length and surface by which cloth is measured and sold. For this object the standard yard is usually divided into quarters and nails.</cd> -- <col>Cloth paper</col>, <cd>a coarse kind of paper used in pressing and finishing woolen cloth.</cd> -- Cloth <col>shearer</col>, <cd>one who shears cloth and frees it from superfluous nap.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clothe</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clothe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clothed</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt> &or; <er>Clad</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clothing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>clathen</ets>, <ets>clothen</ets>, <ets>clethen</ets>, AS. <ets>cl\'be\'ebian</ets>, <ets>cl\'91\'eban</ets>. See <er>Cloth</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put garments on; to cover with clothing; to dress.</def>

<blockquote>Go with me, to <b>clothe</b> you as becomes you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To provide with clothes; <as>as, to feed and <ex>clothe</ex> a family; to <ex>clothe</ex> one's self extravagantly.</as></def>

<blockquote>Drowsiness shall <b>clothe</b> a man with rags.
<i>Prov. xxiii. 21</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The naked every day he <b>clad</b>,
When he put on his clothes.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: To cover or invest, as with a garment; <as>as, to <ex>clothe</ex> one with authority or power</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Language in which they can <b>clothe</b> their thoughts.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His sides are <b>clothed</b> with waving wood.
<i>J. Dyer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thus Belial, with with words <b>clothed</b> in reason's garb.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clothe</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clothe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To wear clothes.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Care no more to <b>clothe</b> eat.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clothes</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clothes</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cloth</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Covering for the human body; dress; vestments; vesture; -- a general term for whatever covering is worn, or is made to be worn, for decency or comfort.</def>

<blockquote>She . . . speaks well, and has excellent good <b>clothes</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If I may touch but his <b>clothes</b>, I shall be whole.
<i>Mark. v. 28.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The covering of a bed; bedclothes.</def>

<blockquote>She turned each way her frighted head,
Then sunk it deep beneath the <b>clothes</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Body clothes</col>. <cd>See under <er>Body</er>.</cd> -- <col>Clothes moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small moth of the genus <spn>Tinea</spn>. The most common species (<spn>T. flavifrontella</spn>)is yellowish white. The larv\'91 eat woolen goods, furs, feathers, etc. They live in tubular cases made of the material upon which they feed, fastened together with silk.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Garments; dress; clothing; apparel; attire; vesture; raiment; garb; costume; habit; habiliments.</syn>

<h1>Clotheshorse</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clothes"horse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A frame to hang clothes on.</def>

<h1>Clothesline</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clothes"line`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rope or wire on which clothes are hung to dry.</def>

<h1>Clothespin</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clothes"pin`</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A forked piece of wood, or a small spring clamp, used for fastening clothes on a line.</def>

<h1>Clothespress</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clothes"press`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A receptacle for clothes.</def>

<h1>Clothier</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Cloth"ier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who makes cloths; one who dresses or fulls cloth.</def>

<i>Hayward.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who sells cloth or clothes, or who makes and sells clothes.</def>

<h1>Clothing</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Cloth"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Garments in general; clothes; dress; raiment; covering.</def>

<blockquote>From others he shall stand in need of nothing,
Yet on his brothers shall depend for <b>clothing</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As for me, . . . my <b>clothing</b> was sackloth.
<i>Ps. xxxv. 13</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The art of process of making cloth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Instructing [refugees] in the art of <b>clothing</b>.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A covering of non-conducting material on the outside of a boiler, or steam chamber, to prevent radiation of heat.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Card clothing</cref>, under 3d <er>Card</er>.</def>

<h1>Clothred</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clot"hred</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Clottered. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Clotpoll</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clot"poll`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Clodpoll</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Clotted</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clot"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Composed of clots or clods; having the quality or form of a clot; sticky; slimy; foul.</def> "The <i>clotted</i> glebe."

<i>J. Philips.</i>

<blockquote>When lust . . .
Lets in defilement to the inward parts,
The soul grows <b>clotted</b> by contagion.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clotter</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clot"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Clot</er>.]</ety> <def>To concrete into lumps; to clot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Clottered</i> blood."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Clotty</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clot"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Clot</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Full of clots, or clods.</def> "<i>Clotty</i> matter."

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Cl\'93ture</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Cl\'93`ture"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Parliamentary Practice)</fld> <def>See <er>Closure</er>, 5.</def>

<h1>Clotweed</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clot"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Clote</er>.]</ety> <def>Cocklebur.</def>

<h1>Cloud</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Cloud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. AS. <ets>cld</ets> a rock or hillock, the application arising from the frequent resemblance of clouds to rocks or hillocks in the sky or air.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A collection of visible vapor, or watery particles, susponded in the upper atmosphere.</def>

<blockquote>I do set my bow in the <b>cloud</b>.
<i>Gen. ix. 13.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; A classification of clouds according to their chief forms was first proposed by the meteorologist Howard, and this is still substantially employed. The following varieties and subvarieties are recognized: <sd>(a)</sd> <stype>Cirrus</stype>. This is the most elevated of all the forms of clouds; is thin, long-drawn, sometimes looking like carded wool or hair, sometimes like a brush or room, sometimes in curl-like or fleecelike patches. It is the <i>cat's-tail</i> of the sailor, and the <i>mare's-tail</i> of the landsman. <sd>(b)</sd> <stype>Cumulus</stype>. This form appears in large masses of a hemispherical form, or nearly so, above, but flat below, one often piled above another, forming great clouds, common in the summer, and presenting the appearance of gigantic mountains crowned with snow. It often affords rain and thunder gusts. <sd>(c)</sd> <stype>Stratus</stype>. This form appears in layers or bands extending horizontally. <sd>(d)</sd> <stype>Nimbus</stype>. This form is characterized by its uniform gray tint and ragged edges; it covers the sky in seasons of continued rain, as in easterly storms, and is the proper <i>rain cloud</i>. The name is sometimes used to denote a raining cumulus, or cumulostratus. <sd>(e)</sd> <stype>Cirro-cumulus</stype>. This form consists, like the <i>cirrus</i>, of thin, broken, fleecelice clouds, but the parts are more or less rounded and regulary grouped. It is popularly called <i>mackerel sky</i>. <sd>(f)</sd> <stype>Cirro-stratus</stype>. In this form the patches of cirrus coalesce in long strata, between cirrus and stratus. <sd>(g)</sd> <stype>Cumulo-stratus</stype>. A form between cumulus and stratus, often assuming at the horizon a black or bluish tint. -- <stype>Fog</stype>, cloud, motionless, or nearly so, lying near or in contact with the earth's surface. -- <stype>Storm scud</stype>, cloud lying quite low, without form, and driven rapidly with the wind.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mass or volume of smoke, or flying dust, resembling vapor.</def> "A thick <i>cloud</i> of incense."

<i>Ezek. viii. 11.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A dark vein or spot on a lighter material, as in marble; hence, a blemish or defect; <as>as, a <ex>cloud</ex> upon one's reputation; a <ex>cloud</ex> on a title.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which has a dark, lowering, or threatening aspect; that which temporarily overshadows, obscures, or depresses; <as>as, a <ex>cloud</ex> of sorrow; a <ex>cloud</ex> of war; a <ex>cloud</ex> upon the intellect.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A great crowd or multitude; a vast collection.</def> "So great a <i>cloud</i> of witnesses."

<i>Heb. xii. 1.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A large, loosely-knitted scarf, worn by women about the head.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Cloud on a</col> (<it>or</it> the) <col>title</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a defect of title, usually superficial and capable of removal by release, decision in equity, or legislation.</cd> -- <col>To be under a cloud</col>, <cd>to be under suspicion or in disgrace; to be in disfavor.</cd> -- <col>In the clouds</col>, <cd>in the realm of facy and imagination; beyond reason; visionary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cloud</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Cloud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clouded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clouding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To overspread or hide with a cloud or clouds; <as>as, the sky is <ex>clouded</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To darken or obscure, as if by hiding or enveloping with a cloud; hence, to render gloomy or sullen.</def>

<blockquote>One day too late, I fear me, noble lord,
Hath <b>clouded</b> all thy happy days on earth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Be not disheartened, then, nor <b>cloud</b> those looks.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nothing <b>clouds</b> men's minds and impairs their honesty like prejudice.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To blacken; to sully; to stain; to tarnish; to damage; -- esp. used of reputation or character.</def>

<blockquote>I would not be a stander-by to hear
My sovereign mistress <b>clouded</b> so, without
My present vengeance taken.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To mark with, or darken in, veins or sports; to variegate with colors; as, to <b>cloud</b> yarn.</def>

<blockquote>And the nice conduct of a <b>clouded</b> cane.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cloud</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Cloud</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow cloudy; to become obscure with clouds; -- often used with <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Worthies, away! The scene begins to <b>cloud</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coudage</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Coud"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mass of clouds; cloudiness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A scudding <b>cloudage</b> of shapes.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cloudberry</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Cloud"ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of raspberry (<spn>Rubus Cham\'91merous</spn>) growing in the northern regions, and bearing edible, amber-colored fruit.</def>

<h1>Cloud-built</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Cloud"-built</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Built of, or in, the clouds; airy; unsubstantial; imaginary.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>So vanished my <b>cloud-built</b> palace.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cloud-burst</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Cloud"-burst`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sudden copious rainfall, as the whole cloud had been precipitated at once.</def>

<h1>Cloud-capped</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Cloud"-capped`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having clouds resting on the top or head; reaching to the clouds; <as>as, <ex>cloud-capped</ex> mountains</as>.</def>

<h1>Cloud-compeller</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Cloud"-com*pel`ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cloud-gatherer; -- an epithet applied to Zeus.</def> <mark>[Poetic.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Cloudily</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Cloud"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a cloudy manner; darkly; obscurely.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Cloudiness</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Cloud"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being cloudy.</def>

<h1>Clouding</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Cloud"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mottled appearance given to ribbons and silks in the process of dyeing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A diversity of colors in yarn, recurring at regular intervals.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Cloudland</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Cloud"land`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dreamland.</def>

<h1>Cloudless</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Cloud"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a cloud; clear; bright.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>cloudless</b> winter sky.
<i>Bankroft.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Cloud"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Cloud"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Cloudlet</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Cloud"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little cloud.</def>

<i>R. Browning.</i>

<blockquote>Eve's first star through fleecy <b>cloudlet</b> peeping.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cloudy</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Cloud"y</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[Compar. <er>Cloudier</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>superl</tt>. <er>Cloudiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <ets>Cloud</ets>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Overcast or obscured with clouds; clouded; as, a <b>cloudy</b> sky.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of a cloud or clouds.</def>

<blockquote>As Moses entered into the tabernacle, the <b>cloudy</b> pillar descended.
<i>Ex. xxxiii. 9</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Indicating gloom, anxiety, sullenness, or ill-nature; not open or cheerful.</def> "A <i>cloudy </i>countenance."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Confused; indistinct; obscure; dark.</def>

<blockquote><b>Cloudy</b> and confused notions of things.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Lacking clearness, brightness, or luster.</def> "A <i>cloudy</i> diamond."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Marked with veins or sports of dark or various hues, as marble.</def>

<h1>Clough</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clough</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>clough</ets>, <ets>cloghe</ets>, <ets>clou</ets>, <ets>clewch</ets>, AS. (assumed) <ets>cl\'d3h</ets>, akin to G. <ets>klinge</ets> ravine.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cleft in a hill; a ravine; a narrow valley.</def>

<i>Nares.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sluice used in returning water to a channel after depositing its sediment on the flooded land.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Clough</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clough</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>An allowance in weighing. See <er>Cloff</er>.</def>

<h1>Clout</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clout</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cl\'d4t</ets> a little cloth, piece of metal; cf. Sw. <ets>klut</ets>, Icel. <ets>kl\'d4tr</ets> a kerchief, or W. <ets>clwt</ets> a clout, Gael. <ets>clud</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cloth; a piece of cloth or leather; a patch; a rag.</def>

<blockquote>His garments, nought but many ragged <b>clouts</b>,
With thorns together pinned and patched was.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>clout</b> upon that head where late the diadem stood.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A swadding cloth.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A piece; a fragment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The center of the butt at which archers shoot; -- probably once a piece of white cloth or a nail head.</def>

<blockquote>A'must shoot nearer or he'll ne'er hit the <b>clout</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An iron plate on an axletree or other wood to keep it from wearing; a washer.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A blow with the hand.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<cs><col>Clout nail</col>, <cd>a kind of wrought-iron nail heaving a large flat head; -- used for fastening clouts to axletrees, plowshares, etc., also for studding timber, and for various purposes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clout</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clout</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clouted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clouting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>clutien</ets>. <ets>clouten</ets>, to patch. See <er>Clout</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover with cloth, leather, or other material; to bandage; patch, or mend, with a clout.</def>

<blockquote>And old shoes and <b>clouted</b> upon their feet.
<i>Josh. ix. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Paul, yea, and Peter, too, had more skill in . . . <b>clouting</b> an old tent than to teach lawyers.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To join or patch clumsily.</def>

<blockquote>If fond Bavius vent his <b>clouted</b> song.
<i>P. Fletcher</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To quard with an iron plate, as an axletree.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give a blow to; to strike.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<blockquote>The . . . queen of Spain took off one of her chopines and <b>clouted</b> Olivarez about the noddle with it.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To stud with nails, as a timber, or a boot sole.</def>

<cs><col>Clouted cream</col>, <cd>clotted cream, <i>i<i>. <i>e<i>., cream obtained by warming new milk.</cd></cs>

<i>A. Philips.</i>

<note>&hand; "<i>Clouted</i> brogues" in Shakespeare and "<i>clouted</i> shoon" in Milton have been understood by some to mean shoes armed with nails; by others, patched shoes.</note>

<h1>Clouterly</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clout"er*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Clout</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Clumsy; awkward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Rough-hewn, <b>cloutery</b> verses.
<i>E. Phillips.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clove</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clove</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Cleave</er>. Cleft.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<cs><col>Clove hitch</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Hitch</er>.</cd> -- <col>Clove hook</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an iron two-part hook, with jaws overlapping, used in bending chain sheets to the clews of sails; -- called also <altname>clip hook</altname>.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Clove</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clove</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>kloof</ets>. See <er>Cleave</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A cleft; a gap; a ravine; -- rarely used except as part of a proper name; <as>as, Kaaterskill <ex>Clove</ex>; Stone <ex>Clove</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Clove</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clove</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>clow</ets>, fr. F. <ets>clou</ets> nail, <ets>clou de girofle</ets> a clove, lit. nail of clove, fr. L. <ets>clavus</ets> nail, perh. akin to <ets>clavis</ets> key, E. <ets>clavicle</ets>. The clove was so called from its resemblance to a nail. So in D. <ets>kruidnagel</ets> clove, lit. <ets>herb-nail</ets> or <ets>spice-nail</ets>. Cf. <er>Cloy</er>.]</ety> <def>A very pungent aromatic spice, the unexpanded flower bud of the clove tree (<spn>Eugenia, &or; Caryophullus, aromatica</spn>), a native of the Molucca Isles.</def>

<cs><col>Clove camphor</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Eugenin</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Clove gillyflower</col>, <col>Clove pink</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any fragrant self-colored carnation.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clove</h1>
<Xpage=268>

<hw>Clove</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>clufe</ets> an ear of corn, a clove of garlic; cf. <ets>cle\'a2fan</ets> to split, E. <ets>cleave</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the small bulbs developed in the axils of the scales of a large bulb, as in the case of garlic.</def>

<blockquote>Developing, in the axils of its skales, new bulbs, of what gardeners call <b>cloves</b>.
<i>Lindley.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="269">
Page 269<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A weight. A <i>clove</i> of cheese is about eight pounds, of wool, about seven pounds.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Cloven</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clo"ven</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>from <er>Cleave</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<cs><mcol><col>To show the cloven foot</col> &or; <col>hoof</col></mcol>, <cd>to reveal a devilish character, or betray an evil purpose, notwithstanding disguises, -- Satan being represented dramatically and symbolically as having cloven hoofs.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cloven-footed, Cloven-hoofed</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw><hw>Clo"ven-foot`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Clo"ven-hoofed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the foot or hoof divided into two parts, as the ox.</def>

<h1>Clover</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clo"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>claver</ets>, <ets>clover</ets>, AS. <ets>cl<?/fre</ets>; akin to LG. & Dan. <ets>klever</ets>, D. <ets>klaver</ets>, G. <ets>klee</ets>, Sw. <ets>kl<?/fver</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of differend species of the genus <spn>Trifolium</spn>; as the common red clover, <spn>T. pratense</spn>, the white, <spn>T. repens</spn>, and the hare's foot, <spn>T. arvense</spn>.</def>

<cs><col>Clover weevil</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>a small weevil (<spn>Apion apricans</spn>), that destroys the seeds of clover.</cd> -- <col>Clover worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of a small moth (<spn>Asopia costalis</spn>), often very destructive to clover hay.</cd> -- <col>In clover</col>, in very pleasant circumstances; fortunate. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Sweet clover</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Meliot</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clovered</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clo"vered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with growing clover.</def>

<blockquote>Flocks thick nibbling through the <b>clovered</b> vale.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clowe-gilofre</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clowe"-gi*lof`re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 3d <er>Clove</er>, and <er>Gilliflower</er>.]</ety> <def>Spice clove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Clown</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clown</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>klunni</ets> a clumsy, boorish fellow, North Fries. <ets>kl<?/nne</ets> clown, dial. Sw. <ets>klunn</ets> log, Dan. <ets>klunt</ets> log block, and E. <ets>clump</ets>, n.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A man of coarse nature and manners; an awkward fellow; an illbred person; a boor.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who works upon the soil; a rustic; a churl.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>clown</b>, the child of nature, without guile.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The fool or buffoon in a play, circus, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>clown</b> shall make those laugh whose lungs are tickle o'the sere.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clown</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clown</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act as a clown; -- with <i>it</i></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Be<?/hrew me, he <b>clowns</b> it properly indeed.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clownage</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clown"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Behavior or manners of a clown; clownery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Clownery</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clown"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Clownishness.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Clownish</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clown"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or resembling a clown, or characteristic of a clown; ungainly; awkward.</def> "<i>Clownish</i> hands." <i>Spenser.</i> "<b>Clownish</b> mimic." <i>Prior.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Clown"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<syn>Syn. -- Coarse; rough; clumsy; awkward; ungainly; rude; uncivil; ill-bred; boorish; rustic; untutored.</syn>

<h1>Clownishness</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clown"ish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The manners of a clown; coarseness or rudeness of behavior.</def>

<blockquote>That plainness which the alamode people call <b>clownishness</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cloy</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Cloy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cloyed</er> <tt>(kloid)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cloying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cloer</ets> to nail up, F. <ets>clouer</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>clo</ets> nail, F. <ets>clou</ets>, fr. L. <ets>clavus</ets> nail. Cf. 3d <er>Clove</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fill or choke up; to stop up; to clog.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The duke's purpose was to have <b>cloyed</b> the harbor by sinking ships, laden with stones.
<i>Speed.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To glut, or satisfy, as the appetite; to satiate; to fill to loathing; to surfeit.</def>

<blockquote>[Who can] <b>cloy</b> the hungry edge of appetite
By bare imagination of a feast?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He sometimes <b>cloys</b> his readers instead of satisfying.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To penetrate or pierce; to wound.</def>

<blockquote>Which, with his cruel tusk, him deadly <b>cloyed</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He never shod horse but he <b>cloyed</b> him.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To spike, as a cannon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To stroke with a claw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cloyless</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Cloy"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That does not cloy.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cloyment</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Cloy"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Satiety.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Club</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Club</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[CF. Icel. <ets>klubba</ets>, <ets>klumba</ets>, club, <ets>klumbuf<?/ir</ets> a clubfoot, SW. <ets>klubba</ets> club, Dan. <ets>klump</ets> lump, <ets>klub</ets> a club, G. <ets>klumpen</ets> clump, <ets>kolben</ets> club, and E. <ets>clump</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A heavy staff of wood, usually tapering, and wielded the hand; a weapon; a cudgel.</def>

<blockquote>But make you ready your stiff bats and <b>clubs</b>;
Rome and her rats are at the point of battle.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. the Spanish name <ets>bastos,</ets> and Sp. <ets>baston</ets> staff, club.]</ety> <def>Any card of the suit of cards having a figure like the trefoil or clover leaf. (<pluf>pl.</pluf>) The suit of cards having such figure.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An association of persons for the promotion of some common object, as literature, science, politics, good fellowship, etc.; esp. an association supported by equal assessments or contributions of the members.</def>

<blockquote>They talked
At wine, in <b>clubs</b>, of art, of politics.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He [Goldsmith] was one of the nine original members of that celebrated fraternity which has sometimes been called the Literary <b>Club</b>, but which has always disclaimed that epithet, and still glories in the simple name of the <b>Club</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A joint charge of expense, or any person's share of it; a contribution to a common fund.</def>

<blockquote>They laid down the <b>club</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We dined at a French house, but paid ten shillings for our part of the <b>club</b>.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Club law</col>, <cd>government by violence; lynch law; anarchy.</cd></cs>

<i>Addison. -</i>

<cs><col>Club moss</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an evergreen mosslike plant, much used in winter decoration. The best know species is <spn>Lycopodium clavatum</spn>, but other <spn>Lycopodia</spn> are often called by this name. The spores form a highly inflammable powder.</cd> -- <col>Club root</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a disease of cabbages, by which the roots become distorted and the heads spoiled.</cd> -- <col>Club topsail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of gaff topsail, used mostly by yachts having a fore-and-aft rig. It has a short "club" or "jack yard" to increase its spread.</cd></cs>

<h1>Club</h1>
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<hw>Club</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clubbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clubbing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat with a club.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To throw, or allow to fall, into confusion.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>club</b> a battalion implies a temporary inability in the commanding officer to restore any given body of men to their natural front in line or column.
<i>Farrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To unite, or contribute, for the accomplishment of a common end; <as>as, to <ex>club</ex> exertions</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To raise, or defray, by a proportional assesment; <as>as, to <ex>club</ex> the expense</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To club a musket</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to turn the breach uppermost, so as to use it as a club.</cd></cs>

<h1>Club</h1>
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<hw>Club</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form a club; to combine for the promotion of some common object; to unite.</def>

<blockquote>Till grosser atoms, tumbling in the stream
Of fancy, madly met, and <b>clubbed</b> into a dream.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pay on equal or proportionate share of a common charge or expense; to pay for something by contribution.</def>

<blockquote>The owl, the raven, and the bat,
<b>Clubbed</b> for a feather to his hat.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To drift in a current with an anchor out.</def>

<h1>Clubbable</h1>
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<hw>Club"ba*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suitable for membership in a club; sociable.</def> <mark>[Humorous.]</mark>

<i>G. W. Curtis.</i>

<h1>Clubbed</h1>
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<hw>Clubbed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shaped like a club; grasped like, or used as, a club.</def>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Clubber</h1>
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<hw>Club"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who clubs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of a club.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Clubbish</h1>
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<hw>Club"bish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rude; clownish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disposed to club together; <as>as, a <ex>clubbish</ex> set</as>.</def>

<h1>Clubbist</h1>
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<hw>Club"bist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A member of a club; a frequenter of clubs.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Clubfist</h1>
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<hw>Club"fist`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large, heavy fist.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A coarse, brutal fellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mir. for Mag.</i>

<h1>Clubfisted</h1>
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<hw>Club"fist`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a large fist.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Clubfoot</h1>
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<hw>Club"foot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Club</ets> + <ets>foot</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A short, variously distorted foot; also, the deformity, usually congenital, which such a foot exhibits; talipes.</def>

<h1>Clubfooted</h1>
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<hw>Club"foot`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a clubfoot.</def>

<h1>Clubhand</h1>
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<hw>Club"hand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A short, distorted hand; also, the deformity of having such a hand.</def>

<h1>Clubhaul</h1>
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<hw>Club"haul`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To put on the other tack by dropping the lee anchor as soon as the wind is out of the sails (which brings the vessel's head to the wind), and by cutting the cable as soon as she pays off on the other tack. Clubhauling is attempted only in an exigency.</def>

<h1>Clubhouse</h1>
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<hw>Club"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house occupied by a club.</def>

<h1>Clubroom</h1>
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<hw>Club"room`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The apartment in which a club meets.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Club-rush</h1>
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<hw>Club"-rush`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A rushlike plant, the reed mace or cat-tail, or some species of the genus <spn>Scirpus</spn>. See <er>Bulrush</er>.</def>

<h1>Club-shaped</h1>
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<hw>Club"-shaped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Enlarged gradually at the end, as the antenn\'91 of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Cluck</h1>
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<hw>Cluck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clucked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clucking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>cloccian</ets>; cf. D. <ets>klokken</ets>, G. <ets>glucken</ets>, <ets>glucksen</ets>, LG. <ets>klukken</ets>, Dan. <ets>klukke</ets>; all prob. of imitative origin.]</ety> <def>To make the noise, or utter the call, of a brooding hen.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Cluck</h1>
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<hw>Cluck</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To call together, or call to follow, as a hen does her chickens.</def>

<blockquote>She, poor hen, fond of no second brood,
Has <b>clucked</b> three to the wars.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cluck</h1>
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<hw>Cluck</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The call of a hen to her chickens.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A click. See 3d <er>Click</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Clucking</h1>
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<hw>Cluck"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The noise or call of a brooding hen.</def>

<h1>Clue</h1>
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<hw>Clue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Clew</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A ball of thread; a thread or other means of guidance. Same as <er>Clew</er>.</def>

<blockquote>You have wound a goodly <b>clue</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This <b>clue</b> once found unravels all the rest.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Serve as <b>clues</b> to guide us into further knowledge.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clum</h1>
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<hw>Clum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>Silence; hush.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Clumber</h1>
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<hw>Clum"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from the estate of the Duke of Newcastle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of field spaniel, with short legs and stout body, which, unlike other spaniels, hunts silently.</def>

<h1>Clump</h1>
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<hw>Clump</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>klomp</ets> lump, G. <ets>klump</ets>, <ets>klumpen</ets>, Dan. <ets>klump</ets>, Sw. <ets>kllimp</ets>; perh. akin to L. <ets>globus</ets>, E. <ets>globe</ets>. Cf. <er>Club</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An unshaped piece or mass of wood or other substance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cluster; a group; a thicket.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>clump</b> of shrubby trees.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The compressed clay of coal strata.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Clump</h1>
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<hw>Clump</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To arrange in a clump or clumps; to cluster; to group.</def>

<i>Blackmore.</i>

<h1>Clump</h1>
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<hw>Clump</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To tread clumsily; to clamp.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Clumper</h1>
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<hw>Clump"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>kl\'81mpern</ets> to clod. See <er>Clump</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To form into clumps or masses.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Vapors . . . <b>clumpered</b> in balls of clouds.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clumps</h1>
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<hw>Clumps</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A game in which questions are asked for the purpose of enabling the questioners to discover a word or thing previously selected by two persons who answer the questions; -- so called because the players take sides in two "clumps" or groups, the "clump" which guesses the word winning the game.</def>

<h1>Clumpy</h1>
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<hw>Clump"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Clump</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Composed of clumps; massive; shapeless.</def>

<i>Leigh Hunt.</i>

<h1>Clumsily</h1>
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<hw>Clum"si*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a clumsy manner; awkwardly; <as>as, to walk <ex>clumsily</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Clumsiness</h1>
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<hw>Clum"si*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being clusy.</def>

<blockquote>The drudging part of life is chiefly owing to <b>clumsiness</b> and ignorance.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clumsy</h1>
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<hw>Clum"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Clumsier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Clumsiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>clumsed</ets> benumbed, fr. <ets>clumsen</ets> to be benumbed; cf. Icel. <ets>klumsa</ets> lockjaw, dial. Sw. <ets>klummsen</ets> benumbed with cold. Cf. 1st <er>Clam</er>, and 1st <er>Clamp</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Stiff or benumbed, as with cold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without skill or grace; wanting dexterity, nimbleness, or readiness; stiff; awkward, as if benumbed; unwieldy; unhandy; hence; ill-made, misshapen, or inappropriate; <as>as, a <ex>clumsy</ex> person; a <ex>clumsy</ex> workman; <ex>clumsy</ex> fingers; a <ex>clumsy</ex> gesture; a <ex>clumsy</ex> excuse.</as></def>

<blockquote>But thou in <b>clumsy</b> verse, unlicked, unpointed,
Hast shamefully defied the Lord's anointed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Awkward</er>.</syn>

<h1>Clunch</h1>
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<hw>Clunch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. fr. <ets>clinch</ets> to make fast]</ety> <def>.</def>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Indurated clay. See <er>Bind</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the hard beds of the lower chalk.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Clung</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clung</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Cling</er>.</def>

<h1>Clung</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clung</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Prop. p. p. fr. OE. <ets>clingen</ets> to wither. See <er>Cling</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Wasted away; shrunken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cluniac</h1>
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<hw>Clu"ni*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A monk of the reformed branch of the Benedictine Order, founded in 912 at Cluny (or Clugny) in France. -- Also used as <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Cluniacensian</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clu`ni*a*cen"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cluniac.</def>

<h1>Clupeoid</h1>
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<hw>Clu"pe*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>clupea</ets> a kind of fish, NL., generic name of the herring + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Herring family.</def>

<h1>Cluster</h1>
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<hw>Clus"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cluster</ets>, <ets>clyster</ets>; cf. LG. <ets>kluster</ets> (also Sw. & Dan. <ets>klase</ets> a cluster of grapes, D. <ets>klissen</ets> to be entangled?.)]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A number of things of the same kind growing together; a bunch.</def>

<blockquote>Her deeds were like great <b>clusters</b> of ripe grapes,
Which load the bunches of the fruitful vine.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A number of similar things collected together or lying contiguous; a group; <as>as, a <ex>cluster</ex> of islands</as>.</def> "<i>Cluster</i> of provinces."

<i>Motley.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A number of individuals grouped together or collected in one place; a crowd; a mob.</def>

<blockquote>As bees . . .
Pour forth their populous youth about the hive
In <b>clusters</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We loved him; but, like beasts
And cowardly nobles, gave way unto your <b>clusters</b>,
Who did hoot him out o' the city.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cluster</h1>
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<hw>Clus"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clustered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clustering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To grow in clusters or assemble in groups; to gather or unite in a cluster or clusters.</def>

<blockquote>His sunny hair
<b>Cluster'd</b> about his temples, like a god's.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The princes of the country <b>clustering</b> together.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cluster</h1>
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<hw>Clus"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To collect into a cluster or clusters; to gather into a bunch or close body.</def>

<blockquote>Not less the bee would range her cells, . . .
The foxglove <b>cluster</b> dappled bells.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Or from the forest falls the <b>clustered</b> snow.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Clustered column</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a column which is composed, or appears to be composed, of several columns collected together.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clusteringly</h1>
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<hw>Clus"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In clusters.</def>

<h1>Clustery</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clus"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cluster</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Growing in, or full of, clusters; like clusters.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Clutch</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clutch</hw> <tt>(kl\'dcch; 224)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cloche</ets>, <ets>cloke</ets>, claw, Scot. <ets>clook</ets>, <ets>cleuck</ets>, also OE. <ets>cleche</ets> claw, <ets>clechen</ets>, <ets>cleken</ets>, to seize; cf. AS. <ets>gel\'91ccan</ets> (where <ets>ge-</ets> is a prefix) to seize. Cf. <er>Latch</er> a catch.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A gripe or clinching with, or as with, the fingers or claws; seizure; grasp.</def> "The <i>clutch</i> of poverty."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>An expiring <b>clutch</b> at popularity.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But Age, with his stealing steps,
Hath clawed me in his <b>clutch</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The hands, claws, or talons, in the act of grasping firmly; -- often figuratively, for power, rapacity, or cruelty; <as>as, to fall into the <ex>clutches</ex> of an adversary</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I must have . . . little care of myself, if I ever more come near the <b>clutches</b> of such a giant.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A device which is used for coupling shafting, etc., so as to transmit motion, and which may be disengaged at pleasure.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any device for gripping an object, as at the end of a chain or tackle.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The nest complement of eggs of a bird.</def>

<cs><col>Bayonet clutch</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a clutch in which connection is made by means of bayonets attached to arms sliding on a feathered shaft. The bayonets slide through holes in a crosshead fastened on the shaft.</cd></cs>

<h1>Clutch</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clutch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Clutched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Clutching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>clucchen</ets>. See <er>Clutch</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To seize, clasp, or gripe with the hand, hands, or claws; -- often figuratively; <as>as, to <ex>clutch</ex> power</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A man may set the poles together in his head, and <b>clutch</b> the whole globe at one intellectual grasp.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Is this a dagger which I see before me . . . ?
Come, let me <b>clutch</b> thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To close tightly; to clinch.</def>

<blockquote>Not that I have the power to <b>clutch</b> my hand.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clutch</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clutch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To reach (at something) as if to grasp; to catch or snatch; -- often followed by <i>at</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Clutching</b> at the phantoms of the stock market.
<i>Bankroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clutter</h1>
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<hw>Clut"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>cludair</ets> heap, pile, <ets>cludeirio</ets> to heap.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A confused collection; hence, confusion; disorder; <as>as, the room is in a <ex>clutter</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>He saw what a <b>clutter</b> there was with huge, overgrown pots, pans, and spits.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Clatter; confused noise.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Clutter</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clut"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cluttered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cluttering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To crowd together in disorder; to fill or cover with things in disorder; to throw into disorder; to disarrange; <as>as, to <ex>clutter</ex> a room</as>.</def>

<h1>Clutter</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clut"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a confused noise; to bustle.</def>

<blockquote>It [the goose] <b>cluttered</b> here, it chuckled there.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Clutter</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clut"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Clod</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To clot or coagulate, as blood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Clypeastroid</h1>
<Xpage=269>

<hw>Clyp`e*as"troid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Clypeaster</ets> (L. <ets>clupeus</ets> shield + <ets>aster</ets> star) + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or related to the genus <spn>Clupeaster</spn>; -- applied to a group of flattened sea urchins, with a rosette of pores on the upper side.</def>

<hr>
<page="270">
Page 270<p>

<h1>Clypeate</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Clyp"e*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>clupeatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>clupeare</ets> to arm with a shield, fr. <ets>clupeus</ets>, <ets>clipeus</ets> shield.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a round buckler or shield; scutate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Furnished with a shield, or a protective plate or shell.</def>

<h1>Clypeiform</h1>
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<hw>Clyp"e*i*form`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>clupeus</ets> shield + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shield-shaped; clypeate.</def>

<h1>Clypeus</h1>
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<hw>Clyp"e*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Clypei</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., a shield.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The frontal plate of the head of an insect.</def>

<h1>Clysmian</h1>
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<hw>Clys"mi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a place washed by the waves, fr. <?/. See <er>Clyster</er>.]</ety> <def>Connected with, or related to, the deluge, or to a cataclysm; <as>as, <ex>clysmian</ex> changes</as>.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Clysmic</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Clys"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Washing; cleansing.</def>

<h1>Clyster</h1>
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<hw>Clys"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. G. <?/. fr. <?/ to wash off or out; akin to Goth. <ets>hl\'d4trs</ets> pure, G. <ets>lauter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>clyst\'8are</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A liquid injected into the lower intestines by means of a syringe; an injection; an enema.</def>

<cs><col>Clyster pipe</col>, <cd>a tube or pipe used for injections.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cnemial</h1>
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<hw>Cne"mi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the tibia.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the shin bone.</def>

<cs><col>Cnemial crest</col>, <cd>a crestlike prominence on the proximal end of the tibia of birds and some reptiles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cnida</h1>
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<hw>Cni"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cnid\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ nettle, sea nettle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the peculiar stinging, cells found in C\'d2lenterata; a nematocyst; a lasso cell.</def>

<h1>Cnidaria</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Cni*da"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[NL. See <er>Cnida</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A comprehensive group equivalent to the true C\'d2lenterata, <it>i.e.</it>, exclusive of the sponges. They are so named from presence of stinging cells (<i>cnidae</i>) in the tissues. See <er>Coelenterata</er>.</def>

<h1>Cnidoblast</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Cni"do*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cnida</ets> + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the cells which, in the C\'d2lenterata, develop into cnid\'91.</def>

<h1>Cnidocil</h1>
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<hw>Cni"do*cil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cnida</ets> + <ets>cilium</ets> eyelash.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fine filiform process of a cnidoblast.</def>

<h1>Co-</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co-</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>A form of the prefix <i>com-</i>, signifying <i>with</i>, <i>together</i>, <i>in conjunction</i>, <i>joint</i>. It is used before vowels and some consonants. See <er>Com-</er>.</def>

<h1>Coacervate</h1>
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<hw>Co`a*cer"vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coacervatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>coacervare</ets> to heap up; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>acervare</ets>. See <er>Acervate</er>.]</ety> <def>Raised into a pile; collected into a crowd; heaped.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Coacervate</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co`a*cer"vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To heap up; to pile.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Coacervation</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ac`er*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coacervatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A heaping together.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Coach</h1>
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<hw>Coach</hw> <tt>(?; 224)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>coche</ets>, fr. It. <ets>cocchio</ets>, dim. of <ets>cocca</ets> little boat, fr. L. <ets>concha</ets> mussel, mussel shell, Gr. <?/, akin to Skr. <ets>\'87ankha</ets>. Cf. <er>Conch</er>, <er>Cockboat</er>, <er>Cockle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large, closed, four-wheeled carriage, having doors in the sides, and generally a front and back seat inside, each for two persons, and an elevated outside seat in front for the driver.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Coaches</i> have a variety of forms, and differ in respect to the number of persons they can carry. <i>Mail coaches</i> and <i>tallyho coaches</i> often have three or more seats inside, each for two or three persons, and seats outside, sometimes for twelve or more.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A special tutor who assists in preparing a student for examination; a trainer; esp. one who trains a boat's crew for a race.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Wareham was studying for India with a Wancester <b>coach</b>.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A cabin on the after part of the quarterdeck, usually occupied by the captain.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>couch</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The commanders came on board and the council sat in the <b>coach</b>.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A first-class passenger car, as distinguished from a drawing-room car, sleeping car, etc. It is sometimes loosely applied to any passenger car.</def>

<h1>Coach</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Coach</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Coached</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coaching</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To convey in a coach.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prepare for public examination by private instruction; to train by special instruction.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>I <b>coached</b> him before he got his scholarship.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coach</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Coach</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To drive or to ride in a coach; -- sometimes used with</def> <i>it</i>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "<i>Coaching</i> it to all quarters."

<i>E. Waterhouse.</i>

<h1>Coachbox</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Coach"box`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The seat of a coachman.</def>

<h1>Coachdog</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Coach"dog`</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a breed of dogs trained to accompany carriages; the Dalmatian dog.</def>

<h1>Coachee</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Coach"ee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coachman</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Coachfellow</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Coach"fel`low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a pair of horses employed to draw a coach; hence <mark>(Fig.)</mark>, a comrade.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Coachman</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Coach"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Coachmen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A man whose business is to drive a coach or carriage.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tropical fish of the Atlantic ocean (<spn>Dutes auriga</spn>); -- called also <altname>charioteer</altname>. The name refers to a long, lashlike spine of the dorsal fin.</def>

<h1>Coachmanship</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Coach"man*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Skill in driving a coach.</def>

<h1>Coachwhip snake</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Coach"whip` snake"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, slender, harmless snake of the southern United States (<spn>Masticophis flagelliformis</spn>).</def>

<note>&hand; Its long and tapering tail has the scales so arranged and colored as to give it a braided appearance, whence the name.</note>

<h1>Coact</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*act"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coactare</ets>, intens. fr. <ets>cogere</ets>, <ets>coactum</ets>, to force. See <er>Cogent</er>.]</ety> <def>To force; to compel; to drive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The faith and service of Christ ought to be voluntary and not <b>coacted</b>.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coact</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*act"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>act</ets>, v.i.]</ety> <def>To act together; to work in concert; to unite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>But if I tell you how these two did <b>coact</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coaction</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coactio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Force; compulsion, either in restraining or impelling.</def>

<i>Sojth.</i>

<h1>Coactive</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ac"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[In sense 1, fr. 1st <er>Coact</er>; in sense 2, fr. 2d <er>Coact</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Serving to compel or constrain; compulsory; restrictive.</def>

<blockquote>Any <b>coactive</b> power or the civil kind.
<i>Bp. Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Acting in concurrence; united in action.</def>

<blockquote>With what's unreal thou <b>coactive</b> art.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coactively</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ac"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a coactive manner.</def>

<h1>Coactivity</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co`ac*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Unity of action.</def>

<h1>Coadaptation</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ad`ap*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mutual adaption.</def>

<i>R. Owen.</i>

<h1>Coadapted</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co`a*dapt"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adapted one to another; <as>as, <ex>coadapted</ex> pulp and tooth</as>.</def>

<i>R. Owen.</i>

<h1>Coadjument</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ad"ju*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mutual help; co\'94peration.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Coadjust</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co`ad*just"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To adjust by mutual adaptations.</def>

<i>R. Owen.</i>

<h1>Coadjustment</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co`ad*just"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mutual adjustment.</def>

<h1>Coadjutant</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ad"ju*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mutually assisting or operating; helping.</def>

<i>J. Philips.</i>

<h1>Coadjutant</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ad"ju*tant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An assistant.</def>

<i>R. North.</i>

<h1>Coadjuting</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ad"ju*ting</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mutually assisting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Coadjutive</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ad"ju*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rendering mutual aid; coadjutant.</def>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Coadjutor</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co`ad*ju"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Co</er>-, and <er>Aid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who aids another; an assistant; a coworker.</def>

<blockquote>Craftily outwitting her perjured <b>coadjutor</b>.
<i>Sheridan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The assistant of a bishop or of a priest holding a benefice.</def>

<h1>Coadjutorship</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co`ad*ju"tor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or office of a coadjutor; joint assistance.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Coadjutress, Coadjutrix</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw><hw>Co`ad*ju"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Co`ad*ju"trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female coadjutor or assistant.</def>

<i>Holland. Smollett.</i>

<h1>Coadjuvancy</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ad"ju*van*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Joint help; co\'94peration.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Coadjuvant</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ad"ju*vant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Co\'94perating.</def>

<h1>Coadjuvant</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ad"ju*vant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An adjuvant.</def>

<h1>Coadunate</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ad"u*nate</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coadunatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>coadunare</ets> to unite. See <er>Adunation</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>United at the base, as contiguous lobes of a leaf.</def>

<h1>Coadunation</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ad`u*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coadunatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Union, as in one body or mass; unity.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>coadunation</b> of all the civilized provinces.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coadunition</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ad`u*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>co-</ets> + pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>unition</ets>.]</ety> <def>Coadunation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Coadventure</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co`ad*ven"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An adventure in which two or more persons are partakers.</def>

<h1>Coadventure</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co`ad*ven"ture</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To share in a venture.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Coadventurer</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co`ad*ven"tur*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fellow adventurer.</def>

<h1>Coafforest</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co`af*for"est</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To convert into, or add to, a forest.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Coag</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Coag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Coak</er>, a kind of tenon.</def>

<h1>Coagency</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*a"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Agency in common; joint agency or agent.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Coagent</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*a"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An associate in an act; a coworker.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Coagment</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co`ag*ment"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coagmentare</ets>, fr. <ets>coagmentum</ets> a joining together, fr. <ets>cogere</ets>. See <er>Cogent</er>.]</ety> <def>To join together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Coagmentation</h1>
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<hw>Co*ag`men*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coagmentatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of joining, or the state of being joined, together; union.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Coagulability</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ag`u*la*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being coagulable; capacity of being coagulated.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Coagulable</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ag"u*la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being coagulated.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Coagulant</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ag"u*lant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coagulans</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>That which produces coagulation.</def>

<h1>Coagulate</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ag"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coagulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>coagulare</ets> to coagulate, fr. <ets>coagulum</ets> means of coagulation, fr. <ets>cogere</ets>, <ets>coactum</ets>, to drive together, coagulate. See <er>Cogent</er>.]</ety> <def>Coagulated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Coagulate</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ag"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Coagulated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coagulating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause (a liquid) to change into a curdlike or semisolid state, not by evaporation but by some kind of chemical reaction; to curdle; <as>as, rennet <ex>coagulates</ex> milk; heat <ex>coagulates</ex> the white of an egg.</as></def>

<h1>Coagulate</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ag"u*late</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To undergo coagulation.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To thicken; concrete; curdle; clot; congeal.</syn>

<h1>Coagulated</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ag"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Changed into, or contained in, a coagulum or a curdlike mass; curdled.</def>

<cs><col>Coagulated proteid</col> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>one of a class of bodies formed in the coagulation of a albuminous substance by heat, acids, or other agents.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coagulation</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ag`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coagulatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The change from a liquid to a thickened, curdlike, insoluble state, not by evaporation, but by some kind of chemical reaction; <as>as, the spontaneous <ex>coagulation</ex> of freshly drawn blood; the <ex>coagulation</ex> of milk by rennet, or acid, and the <ex>coagulation</ex> of egg albumin by heat</as>.  Coagulation is generally the change of an albuminous body into an insoluble modification.</def>
<-- by heat is due to denaturation of protein. -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The substance or body formed by coagulation.</def>

<h1>Coagulative</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ag"u*la*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the power to cause coagulation; <as>as, a <ex>coagulative</ex> agent</as>.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Coagulator</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ag"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which causes coagulation.</def>

<i>Hixley.</i>

<h1>Coagulatory</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ag"u*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to coagulate; produced by coagulation; <as>as, <ex>coagulatory</ex> effects</as>.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Coagulum</h1>
<Xpage=270>

<hw>Co*ag"u*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Coagula</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. See <er>Coagulate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The thick, curdy precipitate formed by the coagulation of albuminous matter; any mass of coagulated matter, as a clot of bloot.</def>

<h1>Coaita</h1>
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<hw>Co*ai"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The native name of certain South American monkeys of the genus <spn>Ateles</spn>, esp. <spn>A. paniscus</spn>. The black-faced coaita is <spn>Ateles ater</spn>. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Coak</h1>
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<hw>Coak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Coke</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Coak</h1>
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<hw>Coak</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A kind of tenon connecting the face of a scarfed timber with the face of another timber, or a dowel or pin of hard wood or iron uniting timbers.</def> <altsp>[Also spelt <asp>coag</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A metallic bushing or strengthening piece in the center of a wooden block sheve.</def>

<h1>Coak</h1>
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<hw>Coak</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>To unite, as timbers, by means of tenons or dowels in the edges or face.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Coal</h1>
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<hw>Coal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>col</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kool</ets>, OHG. <ets>chol</ets>, <ets>cholo</ets>, G. <ets>kohle</ets>, Icel. <ets>kol</ets>, pl., Sw. <ets>kol</ets>, Dan. <ets>kul</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>jval</ets> to burn. Cf. <er>Kiln</er>, <er>Collier</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thoroughly charred, and extinguished or still ignited, fragment from wood or other combustible substance; charcoal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A black, or brownish black, solid, combustible substance, dug from beds or veins in the earth to be used for fuel, and consisting, like charcoal, mainly of carbon, but more compact, and often affording, when heated, a large amount of volatile matter.</def>

<note>&hand; This word is often used adjectively, or as the first part of self-explaining compounds; as, <i>coal</i>-black; <i>coal</i> formation; <i>coal</i> scuttle; <i>coal</i> ship. etc.</note>

<note>&hand; In England the plural <i>coals</i> is used, for the broken mineral coal burned in grates, etc.; as, to put <i>coals</i> on the fire. In the United States the singular in a collective sense is the customary usage; as, a hod of <i>coal</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Age of coal plants</col>. <cd>See <cref>Age of Acrogens</cref>, under <er>Acrogen</er>. -- <i>Anthracite or Glance coal<i>. See <er>Anthracite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bituminous coal</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bituminous</er>. -- <col>Blind coal<col>.  See under <er>Blind</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Brown coal</col>, &or; <col>Lignite</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Lignite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Caking coal</col>, <cd>a bituminous coal, which softens and becomes pasty or semi-viscid when heated. On increasing the heat, the volatile products are driven off, and a coherent, grayish black, cellular mass of coke is left.</cd> -- <col>Cannel coal</col>, <cd>a very compact bituminous coal, of fine texture and dull luster. See <er>Cannel coal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Coal bed</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a layer or stratum of mineral coal.</cd> -- <col>Coal breaker</col>, <cd>a structure including machines and machinery adapted for crushing, cleansing, and assorting coal.</cd> -- <col>Coal field</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a region in which deposits of coal occur. Such regions have often a basinlike structure, and are hence called <i>coal basins<i>. See <er>Basin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Coal gas</col>, <cd>a variety of carbureted hydrogen, procured from bituminous coal, used in lighting streets, houses, etc., and for cooking and heating.</cd> -- <col>Coal heaver</col>, <cd>a man employed in carrying coal, and esp. in putting it in, and discharging it from, ships.</cd> -- <col>Coal measures</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Strata of coal with the attendant rocks.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A subdivision of the carboniferous formation, between the millstone grit below and the Permian formation above, and including nearly all the workable coal beds of the world.</cd> -- <col>Coal oil</col>, <cd>a general name for mineral oils; petroleum.</cd> -- <col>Coal plant</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>one of the remains or impressions of plants found in the strata of the coal formation.</cd> -- <col>Coal tar</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>To haul over the coals</col>, <cd>to call to account; to scold or censure.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Wood coal</col>. <cd>See <er>Lignite</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coal</h1>
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<hw>Coal</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Coaled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coaling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To burn to charcoal; to char.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Charcoal of roots, <b>coaled</b> into great pieces.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mark or delineate with charcoal.</def>

<i>Camden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To supply with coal; <as>as, to <ex>coal</ex> a steamer</as>.</def>

<h1>Coal</h1>
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<hw>Coal</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take in coal; <as>as, the steaer <ex>coaled</ex> at Southampton</as>.</def>

<h1>Coal-black</h1>
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<hw>Coal"-black</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>As black as coal; jet black; very black.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Coalery</h1>
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<hw>Coal"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Colliery</er>.</def>

<h1>Coalesce</h1>
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<hw>Co`a*lesce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Coalesced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coalescing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>coalescere</ets>, <ets>coalitium</ets>; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>alescere</ets> to grow up, incho. fr. <ets>alere</ets> to nourish. See <er>Aliment</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grow together; to unite by growth into one body; <as>as, the parts separated by a wound <ex>coalesce</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To unite in one body or product; to   combine into one body or community; <as>as, vapors <ex>coalesce</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The Jews were incapable of <b>coalescing</b> with other nations.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Certain combinations of ideas that, once <b>coalescing</b>, could not be shaken loose.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Add</er>.</syn>

<h1>Coalescence</h1>
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<hw>Co`a*les"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or state of growing together, as similar parts; the act of uniting by natural affinity or attraction; the state of being united; union; concretion.</def>

<h1>Coalescent</h1>
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<hw>Co`a*les"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coalescens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Growing together; cohering, as in the organic cohesion of similar parts; uniting.</def>

<h1>Coalfish</h1>
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<hw>Coal"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from the dark color of the back.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The pollock; -- called also, <altname>coalsey</altname>, <altname>colemie</altname>, <altname>colmey</altname>, <altname>coal whiting</altname>, etc. See <er>Pollock</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The beshow or candlefish of Alaska.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The cobia.</def>

<h1>Coalgoose</h1>
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<hw>Coal"goose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cormorant; -- so called from its black color.</def>

<h1>Coalite</h1>
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<hw>Co"a*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coalitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>coalescere</ets>. See <er>Coalesce</er>.]</ety> <def>To unite or coalesce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Let them continue to <b>coalite</b>.
<i>Bolingbroke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coalite</h1>
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<hw>Co"a*lite</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to unite or coalesce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Time has by degrees blended . . . and <b>coalited</b> the conquered with the conquerors.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coalition</h1>
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<hw>Co`a*li"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>coalitio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>coalition</ets>. See <er>Coalesce</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of coalescing; union into a body or mass, as of separate bodies or parts; <as>as, a <ex>coalition</ex> of atoms</as>.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<hr>
<page="271">
Page 271<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A combination, for temporary purposes, of persons, parties, or states, having different interests.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>coalition</b> of the puritan and the blackleg.
<i>J. Randolph.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>coalition</b> between the religious and worldly enemies of popery.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Alliance; confederation; confederacy; league; combination; conjunction; conspiracy; union.</syn>

<h1>Coalitioner</h1>
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<hw>Co`a*li"tion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coalitionist.</def>

<h1>Coalitionist</h1>
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<hw>Co`a*li"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who joins or promotes a coalition; one who advocates coalition.</def>

<h1>Co-ally</h1>
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<hw>Co`-al*ly"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Co-allies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <def>A joint ally.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Coal-meter</h1>
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<hw>Coal"-me`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A licensed or official coal measurer in London. See <er>Meter</er>.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Coalmouse</h1>
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<hw>Coal"mouse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small species of titmouse, with a black head; the coletit.</def>

<h1>Coalpit</h1>
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<hw>Coal"pit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pit where coal is dug.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place where charcoal is made.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Coal tar</h1>
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<hw>Coal" tar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A thick, black, tarry liquid, obtained by the distillation of bituminous coal in the manufacture of illuminating gas; used for making printer's ink, black varnish, etc. It is a complex mixture from which many substances have been obtained, especially hydrocarbons of the benzene or aromatic series.</def>

<note>&hand; Among its important ingredients are benzene, aniline, phenol, naphtalene, anthracene, etc., which are respectively typical of many dye stuffs, as the aniline dyes, the phthale\'8bns, indigo, alizarin, and many flavoring extracts whose artificial production is a matter of great commercial importance.</note>

<h1>Coal-whipper</h1>
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<hw>Coal"-whip`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who raises coal out of the hold of a ship.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Coal works</h1>
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<hw>Coal" works</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A place where coal is dug, including the machinery for raising the coal.</def>

<h1>Coaly</h1>
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<hw>Coal"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Coal</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, coal; containing coal; of the nature of coal.</def>

<h1>Coamings</h1>
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<hw>Coam"ings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Comb</er> a crest.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Raised pieces of wood of iron around a hatchway, skylight, or other opening in the deck, to prevent water from running bellow; esp. the fore-and-aft pieces of a hatchway frame as distinguished from the transverse head ledges.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>combings</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Coannex</h1>
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<hw>Co`an*nex"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To annex with something else.</def>

<h1>Coaptation</h1>
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<hw>Co`ap*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coaptatio</ets>, fr. <ets>coaptare</ets> to fit together; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>aptare</ets>. See <er>Aptate</er>.]</ety> <def>The adaptation or adjustment of parts to each other, as of a broken bone or dislocated joint.</def>

<h1>Coarct, Coarctate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Co*arct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Co*arc"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Coarctate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To press together; to crowd; to straiten; to confine closely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To restrain; to confine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Coarctate</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Co*arc"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coarctatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>coarctare</ets> to press together; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>arctare</ets> to press together, from <ets>arctus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Arctation</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pressed together; closely connected; -- applied to insects having the abdomen separated from the thorax only by a constriction.</def>

<cs><col>Coarctate pupa</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a pupa closely covered by the old larval skin, as in most Diptera.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coarctation</h1>
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<hw>Co`arc*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coarctatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Confinement to a narrow space.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pressure; that which presses.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A stricture or narrowing, as of a canal, cavity, or orifice.</def>

<h1>Coarse</h1>
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<hw>Coarse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Coarser</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Coarsest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[As this word was anciently written <ets>course</ets>, or <ets>cours</ets>, it may be an abbreviation of <ets>of course</ets>, in the common manner of proceeding, common, and hence, homely, made for common domestic use, plain, rude, rough, gross, <it>e. g.</it>, "Though the threads be <ets>course</ets>." <i>Gascoigne.</i> See <er>Course</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Large in bulk, or composed of large parts or particles; of inferior quality or appearance; not fine in material or close in texture; gross; thick; rough; -- opposed to <i>fine</i>; <as>as, <ex>coarse</ex> sand; <ex>coarse</ex> thread; <ex>coarse</ex> cloth; <ex>coarse</ex> bread.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not refined; rough; rude; unpolished; gross; indelicate; <as>as, <ex>coarse</ex> manners; <ex>coarse</ex> language.</as></def>

<blockquote>I feel
Of what <b>coarse</b> metal ye are molded.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To copy, in my <b>coarse</b> English, his beautiful expressions.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Large; thick; rough; gross; blunt; uncouth; unpolished; inelegant; indelicate; vulgar.</syn>

<h1>Coarse-grained</h1>
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<hw>Coarse"-grained`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a coarse grain or texture, as wood; hence, wanting in refinement.</def>

<h1>Coarsely</h1>
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<hw>Coarse"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a coarse manner; roughly; rudely; inelegantly; uncivilly; meanly.</def>

<-- #### q4 -->

<h1>Coarsen</h1>
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<hw>Coars"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make coarse or vulgar; <as>as, to <ex>coarsen</ex> one's character</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Graham.</i>

<h1>Coarseness</h1>
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<hw>Coarse"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being coarse; roughness; melegance; vulgarity; grossness; <as>as, <ex>coarseness</ex> of food, texture, manners, or language</as>.</def> "The <i>coarseness</i> of the sackcloth."

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<blockquote>Pardon the <b>coarseness</b> of the illustration.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>coarseness</b> and vulgarity in all the proceedings.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coarticulation</h1>
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<hw>Co`ar*tic`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The unoin or articulation of bones to form a joint.</def>

<h1>Co-assessor</h1>
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<hw>Co`-as*sess"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A joint assessor.</def>

<h1>Coast</h1>
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<hw>Coast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>coste</ets>, F. <ets>c\'93te</ets>, rib, hill, shore, coast, L. <ets>costa</ets> rib, side. Cf. <er>Accost</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Cutlet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The side of a thing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir I. Newton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The exterior line, limit, or border of a country; frontier border.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>From the river, the river Euphrates, even to the uttermost sea, shall your <b>coast</b> be.
<i>Deut. xi. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The seashore, or land near it.</def>

<blockquote>He sees in English ships the Holland <b>coast</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We the Arabian <b>coast</b> do know
At distance, when the species blow.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The coast is clear</col>, <cd>the danger is over; no enemy in sight.</cd>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<cd2>Fig.: <cd>There are no obstacles.</cd> "Seeing that <ex>the coast was clear</ex>, Zelmane dismissed Musidorus."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></cd2>

<col>Coast guard</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A body of men originally employed along the coast to prevent smuggling; now, under the control of the admiralty, drilled as a naval reserve.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The force employed in lifesaving stations along the seacoast.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Coast rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a South African mammal (<spn>Bathyergus suillus</spn>), about the size of a rabbit, remarkable for its extensive burrows; -- called also <altname>sand mole</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Coast waiter</col>, <cd>a customhouse officer who superintends the landing or shipping of goods for the coast trade.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Coast</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Coasted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coasting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>costien</ets>, <ets>costeien</ets>, <ets>costen</ets>, OF. <ets>costier</ets>, <ets>costoier</ets>, F. <ets>c\'93toyer</ets>, <ets>fr</ets>. <ets>Of</ets>. coste coast, F. <ets>c\'93te</ets>. See <er>Coast</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw or keep near; to approach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Anon she hears them chant it lustily,
And all in haste she <b>coasteth</b> to the cry.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sail by or near the shore.</def>

<blockquote>The ancients <b>coasted</b> only in their navigation.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To sail from port to port in the same country.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>coste</ets>, F. <ets>c\'93te</ets>, hill, hillside.]</ety> <def>To slide down hill; to slide on a sled, upon snow or ice.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Coast</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coast</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw near to; to approach; to keep near, or by the side of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hakluyt.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sail by or near; to follow the coast line of.</def>

<blockquote>Nearchus, . . . not knowing the compass, was fain to <b>coast</b> that shore.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To conduct along a coast or river bank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Indians . . . <b>coasted</b> me along the river.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coastal</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coast"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a cast.</def>

<h1>Coaster</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coast"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A vessel employed in sailing along a coast, or engaged in the coasting trade.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who sails near the shore.</def>

<h1>Coasting</h1>
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<hw>Coast"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sailing along or near a coast, or running between ports along a coast.</def>

<cs><col>Coasting trade</col>, <cd>trade carried on by water between neighboring ports of the same country, as distinguished fron foreign trade or trade involving long voyages.</cd> -- <col>Coasting vessel</col>, <cd>a vessel employed in coasting; a coaster.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coasting</h1>
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<hw>Coast"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sailing along a coast, or from port to port; a carrying on a coasting trade.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sliding down hill; sliding on a sled upon snow or ice.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Coastwise, Coastways</h1>
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<hw><hw>Coast"wise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Coast"ways`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of, or along, the coast.</def>

<h1>Coat</h1>
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<hw>Coat</hw> <tt>(?; 110)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cote</ets>, F. <ets>cotte</ets>, petticoat, <ets>cotte d'armes</ets> coat of arms, <ets>cotte de mailles</ets> coat of mail, LL. <ets>cota</ets>, <ets>cotta</ets>, tunic, prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>chozzo</ets> coarse mantle, G. <ets>klotze</ets>, D. <ets>kot</ets>, hut, E. <ets>cot</ets>. Cf. <er>Cot</er> a hut.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An outer garment fitting the upper part of the body; especially, such a garment worn by men.</def>

<blockquote>Let each
His adamantine <b>coat</b> gird well.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A petticoat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A child in <i>coats</i>."

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The habit or vesture of an order of men, indicating the order or office; cloth.</def>

<blockquote>Men of his <b>coat</b> should be minding their prayers.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She was sought by spirits of richest <b>coat</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An external covering like a garment, as fur, skin, wool, husk, or bark; <as>as, the horses <ex>coats</ex> were sleek</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Fruit of all kinds, in <b>coat</b>
Rough or smooth rined, or bearded husk, or shell.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A layer of any substance covering another; a cover; a tegument; <as>as, the <ex>coats</ex> of the eye; the <ex>coats</ex> of an onion; a <ex>coat</ex> of tar or varnish.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Same as <i>Coat of arms</i>. See below.</def>

<blockquote>Hark, countrymen! either renew the fight,
Or tear the lions out of England's <b>coat</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A coat card. See below.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Here's a trick of discarded cards of us! We were ranked with <b>coats</b> as long as old master lived.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Coat armor</col>. <cd>See under <er>Armor</er>.</cd> -- <col>Coat of arms</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a translation of the French <i>cotte d'armes<i>, a garment of light material worn over the armor in the 15th and 16th centuries. This was often charged with the heraldic bearings of the wearer. Hence, an heraldic achievement; the bearings of any person, taken together.</cd> -- <col>Coat card</col>, <cd>a card bearing a coated figure; the king, queen, or knave of playing cards. "\'bfI am a <i>coat card<i> indeed.' \'bfThen thou must needs be a knave, for thou art neither king nor queen.'"</cd> <i>Rowley.</i> -- <col>Coat link</col>, <cd>a pair of buttons or studs joined by a link, to hold together the lappels of a double-breasted coat; or a button with a loop for a single-breasted coat.</cd> -- <col>Coat of mail</col>, <cd>a defensive garment of chain mail.</cd>  See <cref>Chain mail</cref>, under <er>Chain</er>. -- <col>Mast coat</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a piece of canvas nailed around a mast, where it passes through the deck, to prevent water from getting below.</cd> -- <col>Sail coat</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a canvas cover laced over furled sails, and the like, to keep them dry and clean.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coat</h1>
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<hw>Coat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Coated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover with a coat or outer garment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover with a layer of any substance; <as>as, to <ex>coat</ex> a jar with tin foil; to <ex>coat</ex> a ceiling.</as></def>

<h1>Coatee</h1>
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<hw>Coat*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coat with short flaps.</def>

<h1>Coati</h1>
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<hw>Co*a"ti</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native name: cf. F. <ets>coati</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mammal of tropical America of the genus <spn>Nasua</spn>, allied to the raccoon, but with a longer body, tail, and nose.</def>

<note>&hand; The red coati (<spn>N. socialis</spn>), called also <altname>coati mondi</altname>, inhabits Mexico and Central America. The brown coati (<spn>N. narica</spn>) is found in Surinam and Brazil.</note>

<h1>Coating</h1>
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<hw>Coat"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A coat or covering; a layer of any substance, as a cover or protection; <as>as, the <ex>coating</ex> of a retort or vial</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cloth for coats; <as>as, an assortment of <ex>coatings</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Coatless</h1>
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<hw>Coat"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not wearing a coat; also, not possessing a coat.</def>

<h1>Coax</h1>
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<hw>Coax</hw> <tt>(?; 110)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Coaxed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coaxing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>cokes</ets> fool, a person easily imposed upon, W. <ets>coeg</ets> empty, foolish; F. <ets>coquin</ets> knave, rogue.]</ety> <def>To persuade by gentle, insinuating courtesy, flattering, or fondling; to wheedle; to soothe.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To wheedle; cajole; flatter; persuade; entice.</syn>

<h1>Coax</h1>
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<hw>Coax</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A simpleton; a dupe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau & Fl.</i>

<h1>Coaxation</h1>
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<hw>Co`ax*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the noise of frogs.]</ety> <def>The act of croaking.</def> <mark>[R]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Coaxer</h1>
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<hw>Coax"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who coaxes.</def>

<h1>Coaxingly</h1>
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<hw>Coax"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a coaxing manner; by coaxing.</def>

<h1>Cob</h1>
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<hw>Cob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>cop</ets>, <ets>copp</ets>, head, top, D. <ets>kop</ets>, G. <ets>kopf</ets>, <ets>kuppe</ets>, LL. <ets>cuppa</ets> cup (cf. E. <ets>brainpan</ets>), and also W. <ets>cob</ets> tuft, spider, <ets>cop</ets>, <ets>copa</ets>, top, summit, <ets>cobio</ets> to thump. Cf. <er>Cop</er> top, <er>Cup</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The top or head of anything.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Gifford.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A leader or chief; a conspicuous person, esp. a rich covetous person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All cobbing country chuffs, which make their bellies and their bags their god, are called rich <b>cobs</b>.
<i>Nash.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The axis on which the kernels of maize or indian corn grow.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spider; perhaps from its shape; it being round like a head.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young herring.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish; -- also called <altname>miller's thumb</altname>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A short-legged and stout horse, esp. one used for the saddle.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sea mew or gull; esp., the black-backed gull (<spn>Larus marinus</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cobb</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A lump or piece of anything, usually of a somewhat large size, as of coal, or stone.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>A cobnut; <as>as, Kentish <ex>cobs</ex></as>. See <er>Cobnut</er>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Clay mixed with straw.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>The poor cottager contenteth himself with <b>cob</b> for his walls, and thatch for his covering.
<i>R. Carew.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>A punishment consisting of blows inflicted on the buttocks with a strap or a flat piece of wood.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>A Spanish coin formerly current in Ireland, worth abiut 4s. 6d.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<cs><col>Cob coal</col>, <cd>coal in rounded lumps from the size of an egg to that of a football; -- called also <altname>cobbles</altname>.</cd> <i>Grose</i>. -- <col>Cob loaf</col>, <cd>a crusty, uneven loaf, rounded at top.</cd> <i>Wright.</i> -- <col>Cob money</col>, <cd>a kind of rudely coined gold and silver money of Spanish South America in the eighteenth century. The coins were of the weight of the piece of eight, or one of its aliquot parts.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cob</h1>
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<hw>Cob</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cobbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cobbing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To break into small pieces, as ore, so as to sort out its better portions.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To punish by striking on the buttocks with a strap, a flat piece of wood, or the like.</def>

<h1>Cob\'91a</h1>
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<hw>Co*b\'91"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after D. <ets>Cobo</ets>, a Spanish botanist.]</ety> <def>A genus of climbing plants, native of Mexico and South America. <spn>C. scandens</spn> is a consrvatory climber with large bell-shaped flowers.</def>

<h1>Cobalt</h1>
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<hw>Co"balt</hw> <tt>(?; 277, 74)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>kobalt</ets>, prob. fr. <ets>kobold</ets>, <ets>kobel</ets>, goblin, MHG. <ets>kobolt</ets>; perh. akin to G. <ets>koben</ets> pigsty, hut, AS. <ets>cofa</ets> room, <ets>cofgodas</ets> household gods, Icel. <ets>kofi</ets> hut. If so, the ending <ets>-old</ets> stands for older <ets>-walt</ets>, <ets>-wald</ets>, being the same as <ets>-ald</ets> in E. <ets>herald</ets> and the word would mean <ets>ruler</ets> or <ets>governor in a house</ets>, <ets>house spirit</ets>, the metal being so called by miners, because it was poisonous and troublesome. Cf. <er>Kobold</er>, <er>Cove</er>, <er>Goblin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A tough, lustrous, reddish white metal of the iron group, not easily fusible, and somewhat magnetic. Atomic weight 59.1. Symbol Co.</def>

<note>&hand; It occurs in nature in combination with arsenic, sulphur, and oxygen, and is obtained from its ores, smaltite, cobaltite, asbolite, etc. Its oxide colors glass or any flux, as borax, a fine blue, and is used in the manufacture of smalt. It is frequently associated with nickel, and both are characteristic ingredients of meteoric iron.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A commercial name of a crude arsenic used as fly poison.</def>

<cs><col>Cobalt bloom</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Erythrite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cobalt blue</col>, <cd>a dark blue pigment consisting of some salt of cobalt, as the phosphate, ignited with alumina; -- called also <altname>cobalt ultramarine</altname>, and <altname>Thenard's blue</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Cobalt crust</col>, <cd>earthy arseniate of cobalt.</cd> -- <col>Cobalt glance</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Cobaltite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cobalt green</col>, <cd>a pigment consisting essentially of the oxides of cobalt and zinc; -- called also <altname>Rinman's green</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Cobalt yellow</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a yellow crystalline powder, regarded as a double nitrite of cobalt and potassium.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cobaltic</h1>
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<hw>Co*balt"ic</hw> <tt>(?; 74)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cobaltique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cobalt; -- said especially of those compounds in which cobalt has higher valence; <as>as, <ex>cobaltic</ex> oxide</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Luteo-cobaltic compounds</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an extensive series of complex yellow compounds of ammonia and cobaltic salts.</cd> -- <col>Roseo-cobaltic compounds</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an extensive series of complex red compounds of cobalt and ammonia. Modifications of these are the <stype>purpureo-cobaltic compounds</stype>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cobaltiferous</h1>
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<hw>Co`balt*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cobalt</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Containing cobalt.</def>

<h1>Cobaltine, Cobaltite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Co"balt*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Co"balt*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a nearly silver-white color, composed of arsenic, sulphur, and cobalt.</def>

<h1>Cobaltous</h1>
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<hw>Co*balt"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cobalt; -- said esp. of cobalt compounds in which the metal has its lower valence.</def>

<cs><col>Cobaltous chloride</col>, <cd>a crystalline compound, <chform>CoCl2</chform>, of a pale rose color when hydrous, blue when dehydrated. Its solution is used for a sympathetic ink, the writing being nearly colorless when dried in the air, owing to absorbed moisture, and becoming bright blue when warmed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cobbing</h1>
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<hw>Cob"bing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Haughty; purse-proud. See <er>Cob</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Withals (1608).</i>

<h1>Cobble</h1>
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<hw>Cob"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fishing boat. See <er>Coble</er>.</def>

<h1>Cobble</h1>
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<hw>Cob"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cob</er> a lump. See <er>Cob</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 9, and cf. <er>Copple</er>, <er>Copplestone</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cobblestone.</def> "Their slings held <i>cobbles</i> round."

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Cob coal. See under <er>Cob</er>.</def>

<h1>Cobble</h1>
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<hw>Cob"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cobbled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cobbling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>cobler</ets>, <ets>copler</ets>, to join or knit together, couple, F. <ets>coupler</ets>, L. <ets>copulare</ets> to couple, join. Cf. <er>Couple</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make or mend coarsely; to patch; to botch; <as>as, to <ex>cobble</ex> shoes</as>.</def> <i>Shak.</i>

"A <b>cobbled</b> saddle."
<i>Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make clumsily.</def> "<i>Cobbled</i> rhymes."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pave with cobblestones.</def>

<h1>Cobbler</h1>
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<hw>Cob"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mender of shoes.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A clumsy workman.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A beverage. See <cref>Sherry cobbler</cref>, under <er>Sherry</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Cobbler fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a marine fish (<spn>Blepharis crinitus</spn>) of the Atlantic. The name alludes to its threadlike fin rays.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cobblestone</h1>
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<hw>Cob"ble*stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A large pebble; a rounded stone not too large to be handled; a small boulder; -- used for paving streets and for other purposes.</def>

<h1>Cobby</h1>
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<hw>Cob"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cob</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Headstrong; obstinate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Brockett.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Stout; hearty; lively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cobelligerent</h1>
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<hw>Co`bel*lig"er*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Carryng on war in conjunction with another power.</def>

<h1>Cobelligerent</h1>
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<hw>Co`bel*lig"er*ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nation or state that carries on war in connection with another.</def>

<h1>Cobia</h1>
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<hw>Co"bi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An oceanic fish of large size (<spn>Elacate canada</spn>); the crabeater; -- called also <altname>bonito</altname>, <altname>cubbyyew</altname>, <altname>coalfish</altname>, and <altname>sergeant fish</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cobiron</h1>
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<hw>Cob"i`ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cob</er> the top.]</ety> <def>An andiron with a knob at the top.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Cobishop</h1>
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<hw>Co`bish"op</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A joint or coadjutant bishop.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Coble</h1>
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<hw>Co"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cuopel</ets>; cf. W. <ets>ceubal</ets> skiff, ferryboat.]</ety> <def>A flat-floored fishing boat with a lug sail, and a drop rudder extending from two to four feet below the keel. It was originally used on the stormy coast of Yorkshire, England.</def>

<h1>Cobnut</h1>
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<hw>Cob"nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A large roundish variety of the cultivated hazelnut.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A game played by children with nuts.</def>

<h1>Coboose</h1>
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<hw>Co*boose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Caboose</er>.</def>

<h1>Cobourg</h1>
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<hw>Co"bourg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from the town of <ets>Coburg</ets> in Germany.]</ety> <def>A thin worsted fabric for women's dresses.</def>

<h1>Cobra</h1>
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<hw>Co"bra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Copra</er>.</def>

<h1>Cobra</h1>
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<hw>Co"bra</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The cobra de capello.</def>

<h1>Cobra de capello</h1>
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<hw>Co"bra de ca*pel"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Pg., serpent of the hood.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hooded snake (<spn>Naia tripudians</spn>), a highly venomous serpent inhabiting India.<-- now Naja --></def>

<h1>Cobstone</h1>
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<hw>Cob"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cobblestone.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Cobswan</h1>
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<hw>Cob"swan`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A large swan.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Cobwall</h1>
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<hw>Cob"wall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cob</ets> clay mixed with straw + <ets>wall</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wall made of clay mixed with straw.</def>

<h1>Cobweb</h1>
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<hw>Cob"web`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cob</ets> a spider + <ets>web</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The network spread by a spider to catch its prey.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A snare of insidious meshes designed to catch the ignorant and unwary.</def>

<blockquote>I can not but lament thy splendid wit
Entangled in the <b>cobwebs</b> of the schools.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is thin and unsubstantial, or flimsy and worthless; rubbish.</def>

<blockquote>The dust and <b>cobwebs</b> of that uncivil age.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European spotted flycatcher.</def>

<cs><col>Cobweb lawn</col>, <cd>a fine linen, mentioned in 1640 as being in pieces of fifteen yards.</cd></cs>

<i>Beck. Draper's Dict.</i>

<blockquote>Such a proud piece of <b>cobweb lawn</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Cobweb micrometer</col>, <cd>a micrometer in which threads of cobwed are substituted for wires.</cd>

<h1>Cobwebbed</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Cob"webbed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding in cobwebs.</def> "The <i>cobwebbed</i> cottage."

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Cobwebby</h1>
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<hw>Cob"web`by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding in cobwebs, or any fine web; resembling a cobweb.</def>

<h1>Cobwork</h1>
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<hw>Cob"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Built of logs, etc., laid horizontally, with the ends dovetailed together at the corners, as in a log house; in marine work, often surrounding a central space filled with stones; <as>as, a <ex>cobwork</ex> dock or breakwater</as>.</def>

<h1>Coca</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Co"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. native name.]</ety> <def>The dried leaf of a South American shrub (<spn>Erythroxylon Coca</spn>). In med., called <i>Erythroxylon</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; Coca leaves resemble tea leaves in size, shape, and odor, and are chewed (with an alkali) by natives of Peru and Bolivia to impart vigor in prolonged exertion, or to sustain strength in absence of food.</note>

<cs><col>Mexican coca</col>, <cd>an American herb (<spn>Richardsonia scabra</spn>), yielding a nutritious fodder. Its roots are used as a substitute for ipecacuanha.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cocagne</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coc*agne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cocagne</ets>, <ets>pays de cocagne</ets>; of uncertian origin, cf. Prov. F. <ets>couque</ets> cake, Catal. <ets>coca</ets>, L. <ets>coquere</ets> to cook; as if the houses in this country were covered with cakes. Cf. <er>Cook</er>, <er>Cockney</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An imaginary country of idleness and luxury.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The land of cockneys; cockneydom; -- a term applied to London and its suburbs.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Cocaine</h1>
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<hw>Co"ca*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A powerful alkaloid, <chform>C17H21NO4</chform>, obtained from the leaves of coca. It is a bitter, white, crystalline substance, and is remarkable for producing local insensibility to pain.</def>

<h1>Cocciferous</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coc*cif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coccum</ets> a berry + <ets>-ferous</ets>. See <er>Coccus</er>.]</ety> <def>Bearing or producing berries; bacciferous; <as>as, <ex>cocciferrous</ex> trees or plants</as>.</def>

<h1>Coccinella</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coc`ci*nel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>coccineus</ets> scarlet-colored. See <er>Cochoneal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small beetles of many species. They and their larv\'91 feed on aphids or plant lice, and hence are of great benefit to man. Also called <altname>ladybirds</altname> and <altname>ladybugs</altname>.</def>

<h1>Coccobacterium</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coc`co*bac*te"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.  <plw>Coccobacteria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a grain + NL. <ets>bacterium</ets>. So called from its round shape.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the round variety of bacteria, a vegetable organism, generally less than a thousandth of a millimeter in diameter.</def>

<h1>Coccolite</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coc"co*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a grain, seed + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>coccalite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A granular variety of pyroxene, green or white in color.</def>

<h1>Coccolith</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coc"co*lith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a grain, seed + <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of a kind of minute, calcareous bodies, probably vegetable, often abundant in deep-sea mud.</def>

<h1>Coccosphere</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coc"co*sphere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a grain, seed + E. <ets>sphere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A small, rounded, marine organism, capable of braking up into coccoliths.</def>

<h1>Coccosteus</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coc*cos"te*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ grain, seed + <?/ bone.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of Devonian ganoid fishes, having the broad plates about the head studded with berrylike tubercles.</def>

<h1>Cocculus Indicus</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coc"cu*lus In"di*cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>cocculus</ets> (dim. of L. <ets>coccum</ets> kermes berry) + L. <ets>Indicus</ets> of India.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit or berry of the <i>Anamirta Cocculus</i>, a climbing plant of the East Indies. It is a poisonous narcotic and stimulant.</def>

<h1>Coccus</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coc"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cocci</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ grain, seed. See <er>Cochineal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the separable carpels of a dry fruit.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of hemipterous insects, including scale insects, and the cochineal insect (<spn>Coccus cacti</spn>).</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A form of bacteria, shaped like a globule.</def>

<h1>Coccygeal</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coc*cyg"e*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the coccyx; <as>as, the <ex>coccygeal</ex> vertebr\'91</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Coccygeal glands</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>, glands situated at the base of the tail of birds. They secrete the oil with which the plumage is dressed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coccygeous</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coc*cyg"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Coccygeal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Coccyx</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coc"cyx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Coccyges</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., cuckoo, Gr. <?/, cuckoo, coccyx. So called from its resemblance to the beak of a cuckoo.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The end of the vertebral column beyond the sacrum in man and tailless monkeys. It is composed of several vertebr\'91 more or less consolidated.</def>

<h1>Cochineal</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coch"i*neal</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <ety>[Sp. <ets>cochinilla</ets>, dim. from L. <ets>coccineus</ets>, <ets>coccinus</ets>, scarlet, fr. <ets>coccum</ets> the kermes berry, G. <?/ berry, especially the kermes insect, used to dye scarlet, as the cohineal was formerly supposed to be the grain or seed of a plant, and this word was formerly defined to be the grain of the <ets>Quercus coccifera</ets>; but cf. also Sp. <ets>cochinilla</ets> wood louse, dim. of <ets>cochina</ets> sow, akin to F. <ets>cochon</ets> pig.]</ety> <def>A dyestuff consisting of the dried bodies of females of the <spn>Coccus cacti</spn>, an insect native in Mexico, Central America, etc., and found on several species of cactus, esp. <spn>Opuntia cochinellifera</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; These insects are gathered from the plant, killed by the application of heat, and exposed to the sun to dry. When dried they resemble small, rough berries or seeds, of a brown or purple color, and form the cochineal of the shops, which is used for making carmine, and also as a red dye.</note>

<note>&hand; Cochineal contains as its essential coloring matter <i>carminic acid</i>, a purple red amorphous substance which yields <i>carmine red</i>.</note>

<h1>Cochineal fig</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coch"i*neal fig</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of Central and Southern Anerica, of the Cactus familly, extensively cultivated for the sake of the cochineal insect, which lives on it.</def>

<h1>Cochin fowl</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Co"chin fowl`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large variety of the domestic fowl, originally from Cochin China (Anam).</def>

<h1>Cochlea</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coch"le*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a snail, or snail shell, Gr. <?/ a snail, fr. <?/ a shellfish with a spiral shell.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An appendage of the labyrinth of the internal ear, which is elongated and coiled into a spiral in mammals. See <er>Ear</er>.</def>

<h1>Cochlear</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coch"le*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the cochlea.</def>

<h1>Cochleare</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coch`le*a"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A spoon.</def>

<i>Andrews.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med)</fld> <def>A spoonful.</def>

<i>Dungleson.</i>

<h1>Cocleariform</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coc`le*ar"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cochleare</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Spoon-shaped.</def>

<h1>Cochleary</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Coch"le*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cochlearum</ets> penfor snails (meaning formerly given, <ets>snail shell</ets>). See <er>Cjchlea</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Cochleate</er>.</def>

<h1>Cochleate, Cochleated</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw><hw>Coch"le*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Coch"le*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cochleatus</ets> spiral or screw-formed. See <er>Cochlea</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a snail shell; spiral; turbinated.</def>

<h1>Cock</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Cock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>coc</ets>; of unkown origin, perh. in imitation of the cry of the cock. Cf. <er>Chicken</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The male of birds, particulary of gallinaceous or domestic fowls.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vane in the shape of a cock; a weathercock.</def>

<blockquote>Drenched our steeples, drowned the <b>cocks</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A chief man; a leader or master.</def> <mark>[Humorous]</mark>

<blockquote>Sir Andrew is the <b>cock</b> of the club, since he left us.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The crow of a cock, esp. the first crow in the morning; cockcrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He begins at curfew, and walks till the first <b>cock</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A faucet or valve.</def>

<note>&hand; Jonsons says, "The handly probably had a <i>cock</i> on the top; things that were contrived to turn seem anciently to have had that form, whatever was the reason." Skinner says, because it used to be constructed <i>in forma crit\'91 galli</i>, i.e., in the form of a cock's comb.</note>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The style of gnomon of a dial.</def>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The indicator of a balance.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The bridge piece which affords a bearing for the pivot of a balance in a clock or watch.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<cs><col>Ball cock</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ball</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chaparral cock</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chaparral</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cock and bull story</col>, <col>an extravagant</col></mcol>, <cd>boastful story; a canard.</cd> -- <col>Cock of the plains</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sage cock</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cock of the rock</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a South American bird (<spn>Rupicola aurantia</spn>) having a beautiful crest.</cd> -- <col>Cock of the walk</col>, <cd>a chief or master; the hero of the hour; one who has overcrowed, or got the better of, rivals or competitors.</cd> -- <col>Cock of the woods</col>. <cd>See <er>Capercailzie</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cock</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Cock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cocked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cocking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Gael. <ets>coc</ets> to cock.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set erect; to turn up.</def>

<blockquote>Our Lightfoot barks, and <b>cocks</b> his ears.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Dick would <b>cock</b> his nose in scorn.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To shape, as a hat, by turning up the brim.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To set on one side in a pert or jaunty manner.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>cocked</b> their hats in each other's faces.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To turn (the eye) obliquely and partially close its lid, as an expression of derision or insinuation.</def>

<cs><col>Cocked hat</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A hat with large, stiff flaps turned up to a peaked crown, thus making its form triangular; -- called also <altname>three-cornered hat</altname><-- or tricorn -->. <sd>(b)</sd> A game similar to ninepins, except that only three pins are used, which are set up at the angles of a triangle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cock</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Cock</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To strut; to swagger; to look big, pert, or menacing.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Cock</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Cock</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of cocking; also, the turn so given; <as>as, a <ex>cock</ex> of the eyes; to give a hat a saucy <ex>cock</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Cock</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Cock</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>cocca</ets> notch of an arrow.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The notch of an arrow or crossbow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The hammer in the lock of a firearm.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>At cock</col>, <col>At full cock</col></mcol>, <cd>with the hammer raised and ready to fire; -- said of firearms, also, jocularly, of one prepared for instant action.</cd> -- <col>At half cock</col>. <cd>See under <er>Half</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cock feather</col> <fld>(Archery)</fld>, <cd>the feather of an arrow at right angles to the direction of the cock or notch.</cd></cs>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Cock</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Cock</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To draw the hammer of (a firearm) fully back and set it for firing.</def>

<h1>Cock</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Cock</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To draw back the hammer of a firearm, and set it for firing.</def>

<blockquote><b>Cocked</b>, fired, and missed his man.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cock</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Cock</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>k\'94kkr</ets> lump, Dan. <ets>kok</ets> heap, or E. <ets>cock</ets> to set erect.]</ety> <def>A small concial pile of hay.</def>

<h1>Cock</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Cock</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put into cocks or heaps, as hay.</def>

<blockquote>Under the <b>cocked</b> hay.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cock</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Cock</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of. <ets>coque</ets>, F. <ets>coche</ets>, a small vessel, L. <ets>concha</ets> muscle shell, a vessel. See <er>Coach</er>, and cf.<er>Cog</er> <?/ small boat.]</ety> <def>A small boat.</def>

<blockquote>Yond tall anchoring bark [appears]
Diminished to her <b>cock</b>; her <b>cock</b>, a buoy
Almost too small for sight.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cock</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Cock</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A corruption or disguise of the word <i>God</i>, used in oaths.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "By <i>cock</i> and pie."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cockade</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Cock*ade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cocarble</ets>, fr. <ets>coquard</ets> vain, OF. <ets>coquart</ets>, fr. <ets>coq</ets> cock, prob. of imitative origin. The ornament is so named from its resemblance to the crest of a cock. Cf. <er>Coquette</er>.]</ety> <def>A badge, usually in the form of a rosette, or knot, and generally worn upon the hat; -- used as an indication of military or naval service, or party allegiance, and in England as a part of the livery to indicate that the wearer is the servant of a military or naval officer.</def>

<blockquote>Seduced by military liveries and <b>cockades</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cockaded</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Cock*ad"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing a cockade.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Cock-a-hoop</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Cock`-a-hoop"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Boastful; defiant; exulting. Also used adverbially.</def>

<h1>Cockal</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Cock"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A game played with sheep's bones instead of dice</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The bone used in playing the game; -- called also <altname>huckle bone</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i>

<blockquote>A little transverse bone
Which boys and bruckeled children call
(Playing for points and pins) <b>cockal</b>.
<i>Herrick.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cockaleekie</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Cock`a*leek"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>cock</ets> + <ets>leek</ets>.]</ety> <def>A favorite soup in Scotland, made from a capon highly seasoned, and boiled with leeks and prunes.</def>

<h1>Cockamaroo</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Cock`a*ma*roo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Russian variety of bagatelle.</def>

<h1>Cockateel</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Cock"a*teel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Australian parrot (<spn>Calopsitta Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91</spn>); -- so called from its note.</def>

<h1>Cockatoo</h1>
<Xpage=271>

<hw>Cock`a*too</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malayan <ets>kakat\'d4a</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of the Parrot family, of the subfamily <spn>Cacatuin\'91</spn>, having a short, strong, and much curved beak, and the head ornamented with a crest, which can be raised or depressed at will. There are several genera and many species; as the broad-crested (<spn>Plictolophus, &or; Cacatua, cristatus</spn>), the sulphur-crested (<spn>P. galeritus</spn>), etc. The palm or great black cockatoo of Australia is <spn>Microglossus aterrimus</spn>.

Cock"a*trice</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cocatrice</ets> crocodile, F. <ets>cocatrix</ets>, <ets>cocatrice</ets>. The word is a corruption from the same source as E. <ets>crocodile</ets>, but was confused with <ets>cock</ets> the bird, F. <ets>coq</ets>, whence arose the fable that the animal was produced from a <ets>cock's</ets> egg. See <er>Crocodile</er>.]</ety>

<hr>
<page="273">
Page 273<p>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A fabulous serpent whose breath and look were said to be fatal. See <er>Basilisk</er>.</def>

<blockquote>That bare vowel, I, shall poison more
Than the death-darting eye of <b>cockatrice</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A representation of this serpent. It has the head, wings, and legs of a bird, and tail of a serpent.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>A venomous serpent which which cannot now be identified.</def>

<blockquote>The weaned child shall put his hand on the <b>cockatrice's</b> <note>[Rev. Ver. <b>basilisk's</b>]</note> den.
<i>Is. xi. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any venomous or deadly thing.</def>

<blockquote>This little <b>cockatrice</b> of a king.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cockbill</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"bill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cock</er> to set erect.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To tilt up one end of so as to make almost vertical; <as>as, to <ex>cockbill</ex> the yards as a sign of mourning</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To cockbill the anchor</col>, <cd>to suspend it from the cathead preparatory to letting it go. See <er>Acockbill</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cockboat</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"boat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cock</er> a boat.]</ety> <def>A small boat, esp. one used on rivers or near the shore.</def>

<h1>Cock-brained</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"-brained`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giddy; rash.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Cockchafer</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"chaf`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chafer</er> the beetle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beetle of the genus <spn>Melolontha</spn> (esp. <spn>M. vulgaris</spn>) and allied genera; -- called also <altname>May bug</altname>, <altname>chafer</altname>, or <altname>dorbeetle</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cockcrow, Cockcrowing</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw><hw>Cock"crow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cock"crow`ing</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The time at which cooks first crow; the early morning.</def>

<h1>Cocker</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cockered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cockering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cokeren</ets>; cf. W. <ets>cocru</ets> to indulge, fondle, E. <ets>cock</ets> the bird, F. <ets>coqueliner</ets> to dandle (Cotgrave), to imitate the crow of a cock, to run after the girls, and E. <ets>cockle</ets>, v.]</ety> <def>Th treat with too great tenderness; to fondle; to indulge; to pamper.</def>

<blockquote><b>Cocker</b> thy child and he shall make thee afraid.
<i>Ecclesiasticus xxx. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Poor folks cannot afford to <b>cocker</b> themselves up.
<i>J. Ingelow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cocker</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cock</er> the bird.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One given to cockfighting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Steele.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small dog of the spaniel kind, used for starting up woodcocks, etc.</def>

<h1>Cocker</h1>
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<hw>Cock"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>coker</ets> qyiver, boot, AS. <ets>cocer</ets> quiver; akin to G. <ets>k\'94cher</ets> quiver, and perh. originally meaning <ets>receptacle</ets>, <ets>holder</ets>. Cf. <er>Quiver</er> (for arrows).]</ety> <def>A rustic high shoe or half-boots.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Cockerel</h1>
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<hw>Cock"er*el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. a double dim. of <ets>cock</ets>.]</ety> <def>A young cock.</def>

<h1>Cocket</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>coquet</ets> coquettish. See <er>Coquette</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Pert; saucy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Cocket</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"et</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A customhouse seal; a certified document given to a shopper as a warrant that his goods have been duly enstered and have paid duty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An office in a customhouse where goods intended for export are entered.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A measure for bread.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Cockeye</h1>
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<hw>Cock"eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>cock</ets> to turn up.]</ety> <def>A squinting eye.</def>

<i>Forby.</i>

<h1>Cockeye</h1>
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<hw>Cock"eye`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The socket in the ball of a millstone, which sits on the cockhead.</def>

<h1>Cockfight</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"fight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A match or contest of gamecocks.</def>

<h1>Cockfighting</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"fight`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or practice of pitting gamecocks to fight.</def>

<h1>Cockfighting</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"fight`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Addicted to cockfighting.</def>

<h1>Cockhead</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The rounded or pointed top of a grinding mill spindle, forming a pivot on which the stone is balanced.</def>

<h1>Cockhorse</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"horse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A child's rocking-horse.</def>

<blockquote>Ride a <b>cockhorse</b> to Banbury cross.
<i>Mother Goose.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A high or tall horse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cockhorse</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"horse`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lifted up, as one is on a tall horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lofty in feeling; exultant; pround; upstart.</def>

<blockquote>Our painted fools and <b>cockhorse</b> peasantry.
<i>Marlowe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cockieleekie</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock`ie*leek"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Cockaleekie</er>.</def>

<h1>Cocking</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cockfighting.</def>

<i>Ben Jonson.</i>

<h1>Cockle</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Coc"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cockes</ets> cockles, AS. <ets>s<?/coccas</ets> sea cockles, prob, from Celtic; cf. W. <ets>cocs</ets> cockles, Gael. <ets>cochull</ets> husk. Perh. influenced by EF. <ets>coquille</ets> shell, a dim. from the root of E. <ets>conch</ets>. Cf. <er>Coach</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bivalve mollusk, with radiating ribs, of the genus <spn>Cardium</spn>, especially <spn>C. edule</spn>, used in Europe for food; -- sometimes applied to similar shells of other genera.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cockleshell.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The mineral black tourmaline or schorl; -- so called by the Cornish miners.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The fire chamber of a furnace.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A hop-drying kiln; an oast.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The dome of a heating furnace.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<cs><col>Cockle hat</col>, <cd>a hat ornamented with a cockleshell, the badge of a pilgrim.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> -- <col>Cockle stairs</col>, <cd>winding or spiral stairs.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cockle</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Coc"kle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cockled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cockling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of uncertian origin.]</ety> <def>To cause to contract into wrinkles or ridges, as some kinds of cloth after a wetting.</def>

<cs><col>Cockling sea</col>, <cd>waves dashing against each other with a short and quick motion.</cd>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i></cs>

<h1>Cockle</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Coc"kle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>coccel</ets>, <ets>cocel</ets>; cf. Gael. <ets>cogall</ets> tares, husks, cockle.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plant or weed that grows among grain; the corn rose (<spn>Luchnis Githage</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The <spn>Lotium</spn>, or darnel.</def>

<h1>Cocklebur</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Coc"kle*bur`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A coarse, composite weed, having a rough or prickly fruit; one of several species of the genus <spn>Xanthium</spn>; -- called also <altname>clotbur</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cockled</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Coc"kled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclosed in a shell.</def>

<blockquote>The tender horns of <b>cockled</b> snails.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cockled</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Coc"kled</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wrinkled; puckered.</def>

<blockquote>Showers soon drench the camlet's <b>cockled</b> grain.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cockler</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Coc"kler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who takes and sells cockles.</def>

<h1>Cockleshell</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Coc"kle*shell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the shells or valves of a cockle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A light boat.</def>

<blockquote>To board the <b>cockleshell</b> in those plunding waters.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cockloft</h1>
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<hw>Cock"loft`</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prop., a loft where <ets>cocks</ets> roost.]</ety> <def>An upper loft; a garret; the highest room in a building.</def>

<i>Dryden. Swift.</i>

<h1>Cockmaster</h1>
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<hw>Cock"mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who breeds gamecocks.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Cockmatch</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"match`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cockfight.</def>

<h1>Cockney</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"ney</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cockneys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>cocknay</ets>, <ets>cokenay</ets>, a spoiled child, effeminate person, an egg; prob. orig. a cock's egg, a small imperfect egg; OE. <ets>cok</ets> cock + <ets>nay</ets>, <ets>neye</ets>, for <ets>ey</ets> egg (cf. <er>Newt</er>), AS. <ets>\'91g</ets>. See 1st <er>Cock</er>, <er>Egg</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An effeminate person; a spoilt child.</def> "A young heir or <i>cockney</i>, that is his mother's darling."

<i>Nash (1592).</i>

<blockquote>This great lubber, the world, will prove a <b>cockney</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A native or resident of the city of London; -- used contemptuosly.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>cockney</b> in a rural village was stared at as much as if he had entered a kraal of Hottentots.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cockney</h1>
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<hw>Cock"ney</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to, or like, cockneys.</def>

<h1>Cockneydom</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"ney*dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The region or home of cockneys; cockneys, collectively.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Cockneyfi</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"ney*fi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cockney</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To form with the manners or character of a cockney.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Cockneyish</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"ney*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characteristic of, or resembling, cockneys.</def>

<h1>Cockneyism</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"ney*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The charasteristics, manners, or dialect, of a cockney.</def>

<h1>Cock-padle</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"-pad`le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lumpfish</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Cockpit</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"pit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pit, or inclosed area, for cockfights.</def>

<blockquote>Henry the Eight had built . . . a <b>cockpit</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The Privy Council room at Westminster; -- so called because built on the site of the cockpit of Whitehall palace.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of a war vessel appropriated to the wounded during an engagement.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In yachts and other small vessels, a space lower than the rest of the deck, which affords easy access to the cabin.</def>

<h1>Cockroach</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"roach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>cucaracha</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An orthopterus insect of the genus <spn>Blatta</spn>, and allied genera.</def>

<note>&hand; The species are numerous, especially in hot countries. Those most commonly infesting houses in Europe and North America are <spn>Blatta orientalis</spn>, a large species often called <i>black beetle</i>, and the Croton bug (<spn>Ectobia Germanica</spn>).</note>

<h1>Cockscomb</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cocks"comb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[1st <ets>cock</ets>, n. + <ets>comb</ets> crest.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>See <er>Coxcomb</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Celosia cristata</spn>), of many varieties, cultivated for its broad, fantastic spikes of brilliant flowers; -- sometimes called <i>garden cockscomb</i>. Also the <spn>Pedicularis</spn>, or lousewort, the <spn>Rhinanthus Crista-galli</spn>, and the <spn>Onobrychis Crista-galli</spn>.</def>

<h1>Cockshead</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cocks"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>(Bot.) A leguminous herb (<spn>Onobrychis Caput-galli</spn>), having small spiny-crested pods.</def>

<h1>Cockshut</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"shut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of net to catch woodcock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Cockshut time</col> &or; <col>light</col></mcol>, <cd>evening twilight; nightfall; -- so called in allusion to the tome at which the cockshut used to be spread.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>

<i>Shak. B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Cockshy</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"shy`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A game in which trinkets are set upon sticks, to be thrown at by the players; -- so called from an ancient popular sport which consisted in "shying" or throwing cudgels at live cocks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An object at which stones are flung.</def>

<blockquote>"Making a <b>cockshy</b> of him," replied the hideous small boy.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cockspur</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"spur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A variety of <spn>Crat\'91gus</spn>, or hawthorn (<spn>C. Crus-galli</spn>), having long, straight thorns; -- called also <altname>Cockspur thorn</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cocksure</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"sure`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Perfectly safe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We steal as in a castle, cocksure: . . . we walk invisible.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Quite certain.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>I throught myself <b>cocksure</b> of the horse which he readily promised me.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cockswain</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"swain</hw> <tt>(?, <mark>colloq</mark>. ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cock</ets> a boat + <ets>swain</ets>; hence, the master of a boat.]</ety> <def>The steersman of a boat; a petty officer who has charge of a boat and its crew.</def>

<h1>Cocktail</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A beverage made of brandy, whisky, or gin, iced, flavored, and sweetened.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Stock Breeding)</fld> <def>A horse, not of pure breed, but having only one eighth or one sixteenth impure blood in his veins.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A mean, half-hearted fellow; a coward.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>It was in the second affair that poor little Barney showed he was a <b>cocktail</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of rove beetle; -- so called from its habit of elevating the tail.</def>

<h1>Cockup</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"up</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, highly esteemed, edible fish of India (<spn>Lates calcarifer</spn>); -- also called <altname>begti</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cockweed</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"weed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Peppergrass.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Cocky</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cock"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cocket</er>.]</ety> <def>Pert.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Coco, n. &or; Coco palm</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw><hw>Co"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> &or; <hw>Co"co palm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw> <def>See <er>Cocoa</er>.</def>

<h1>Cocoa, n., Cocoa palm</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw><hw>Co"coa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Co"coa palm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <ety>[Sp. & Pg. <ets>coco</ets> cocoanut, in Sp. also, cocoa palm.  The Portuguese name is said to have been given from the monkeylike face at the base of the nut, fr. Pg. <ets>coco</ets> a bugbear, an ugly mask to frighten children. Cf., however, Gr. <?/ the cocoa palm and its fruit, <?/, <?/, a kind of Egyptian palm.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A palm tree producing the cocoanut (<spn>Cocos nucifera</spn>). It grows in nearly all tropical countries, attaining a height of sixty or eighty feet. The trunk is without branches, and has a tuft of leaves at the top, each being fifteen or twenty feet in length, and at the base of these the nuts hang in clusters; the cocoanut tree.</def>

<h1>Cocoa</h1>
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<hw>Co"coa</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>cacao</ets>.]</ety> <def>A preparation made from the seeds of the chocolate tree, and used in making, a beverage; also the beverage made from cocoa or cocoa shells.</def>

<cs><col>Cocoa shells</col>, <cd>the husks which separate from the cacao seeds in preparing them for use.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cocoanut</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co"coa*nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The large, hard-shelled nut of the cocoa palm. It yields an agreeable milky liquid and a white meat or albumen much used as food and in making oil.</def>

<h1>Cocobolo, Cocobolas</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw><hw>Co`co*bo"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Co`co*bo"las</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>cocobolo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A very beautiful and hard wood, obtained in the West India Islands. It is used in cabinetmaking, for the handles of tools, and for various fancy articles.</def>

<h1>Cocoon</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co*coon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cocon</ets>, dim. of <ets>coque</ets> shell of egge and insects, fr. L. <ets>concha</ets> mussel shell. See <er>Conch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An oblong case in which the silkworn lies in its chrysalis state. It is formed of threads of silk spun by the worm just before leaving the larval state. From these the silk of commerce is prepared.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The case constructed by any insect to contain its larva or pupa.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The case of silk made by spiders to protect their eggs.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The egg cases of mucus, etc., made by leeches and other worms.</def>

<h1>Cocoonery</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co*coon"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A building or apartment for silkworms, when feeding and forming cocoons.</def>

<h1>Coctible</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Coc"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Coctile</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being cooked.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Coctile</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Coc"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coctilis</ets>, fr. <ets>coguere</ets>. <ets>See</ets> <er>Cook</er>.]</ety> <def>Made by baking, or exposing to heat, as a brick.</def>

<h1>Coction</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Coc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coctio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of boiling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Digestion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The change which the humorists believed morbific matter undergoes before elimination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Cocus wood</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co"cus wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A West Indian wood, used for making flutes and other musical instruments.</def>

<h1>Cod</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>codd</ets> small bag; akin to Icel. <ets>koddi</ets> pillow, Sw. <ets>kudde</ets> cushion; cf. W. <ets>cod</ets>, <ets>ciod</ets>, bag, shell.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A husk; a pod; <as>as, a peas<ex>cod</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small bag or pouch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The scortum.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A pillow or cushion. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> Halliwell.</def>

<h1>Cod</h1>
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<hw>Cod</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>gadde</ets>, and (in Heligoland) <ets>gadden</ets>, L. <ets>gadus</ets> merlangus.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An important edible fish (<spn>Gadus morrhua</spn>), Taken in immense numbers on the northern coasts of Europe and America. It is especially abundant and large on the Grand Bank of Newfoundland. It is salted and dried in large quantities.</def>

<note>&hand; There are several varieties; as <stype>shore cod</stype>, from shallow water; <stype>bank cod</stype>, from the distant banks; and <stype>rock cod</stype>, which is found among ledges, and is often dark brown or mottled with red. The <stype>tomcod</stype> is a distinct species of small size. The <stype>bastard</stype>, <stype>blue</stype>, <stype>buffalo</stype>, or <stype>cultus cod</stype> of the Pacific coast belongs to a distinct family. See <stype>Buffalo cod</stype>, under <er>Buffalo</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Cod fishery</col>, <cd>the business of fishing for cod.</cd> -- <col>Cod line</col>, <cd>an eighteen-thread line used in catching codfish.</cd></cs>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<h1>Coda</h1>
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<hw>Co"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., tail, fr. L. <ets>cauda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A few measures added beyond the natural termination of a composition.</def>

<h1>Codder</h1>
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<hw>Cod"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gatherer of cods or peas.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Codding</h1>
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<hw>Cod"ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lustful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Coddle</h1>
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<hw>Cod"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Coddled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coddling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Prov</er>. E. <ets>caddle</ets> to coax, spoil, fondle, and <er>Cade</er>, <tt>a.</tt> & <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>codle</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To parboil, or soften by boiling.</def>

<blockquote>It [the guava fruit] may be <b>coddled</b>.
<i>Dampier.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat with excessive tenderness; to pamper.</def>

<blockquote>How many of our English princes have been <b>coddled</b> at home by their fond papas and mammas!
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He [Lord Byron] never <b>coddled</b> his reputation.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coddymoddy</h1>
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<hw>Cod"dy*mod"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A gull in the plumage of its first year.</def>

<h1>Code</h1>
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<hw>Code</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>codex</ets>, <ets>caudex</ets>, the stock or <?/tem of a tree, a board or tablet of wood smeared over with wax, on which the ancients originally wrote; hence, a book, a writting.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A body of law, sanctioned by legislation, in which the rules of law to be specifically applied by the courts are set forth in systematic form; a compilation of laws by public authority; a digest.</def>

<note>&hand; The collection of laws made by the order of Justinian is sometimes called, by way of eminence. "<i>The Code</i>"</note>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any system of rules or regulations relating to one subject; <as>as, the medical <ex>code</ex>, a system of rules for the regulation of the professional conduct of physicians; the naval <ex>code</ex>, a system of rules for making communications at sea means of signals.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Code civil</col> &or; <col>Code Napoleon</col></mcol>, <cd>a code enacted in France in 1803 and 1804, embodying the law of rights of persons and of property generally.</cd>

<i>Abbot.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Codefendant</h1>
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<hw>Co`de*fend"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A joint defendant.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Codeine</h1>
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<hw>Co*de"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ poppy head: cf. F. <ets>cod<?/ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the opium alkaloids; a white crystalline substance, <chform>C18H21NO3</chform>, similar to and regarded as a derivative of morphine, but much feebler in its action; -- called also <altname>codeia</altname>.</def>

<h1>Codetta</h1>
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<hw>Co*det"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., dim. of <ets>coda</ets> tail.] <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short passage connecting two sections, but not forming part of either; a short coda.</def>

<h1>Codex</h1>
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<hw>Co"dex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Codices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. See <er>Code</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A book; a manuscript.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collection or digest of laws; a code.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An ancient manuscript of the Sacred Scriptures, or any part of them, particularly the New Testament.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A collection of canons.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Codfish</h1>
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<hw>Cod"fish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of fish. Same as <er>Cod</er>.</def>

<h1>Codger</h1>
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<hw>Codg"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cadger</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A miser or mean person.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A singular or odd person; -- a familiar, humorous, or depreciatory appellation.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>A few of us old <b>codgers</b> met at the fireside.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Codical</h1>
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<hw>Cod"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ralating to a codex, or a code.</def>

<h1>Codicil</h1>
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<hw>Cod"i*cil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>codicillus</ets>, dim. of <ets>codex</ets>: cf. F. <ets>codicille</ets>. See <er>Code</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A clause added to a will.</def>

<h1>Codicillary</h1>
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<hw>Cod`i*cil"la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>codicillaris</ets>, <ets>codicillarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of a codicil.</def>

<h1>Codification</h1>
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<hw>Co`di*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>codification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of codifying or reducing laws to a code.</def>

<h1>Codifier</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co"di*fi`er</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who codifies.</def>

<h1>Codify</h1>
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<hw>Co"di*fy</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Codified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Codifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Code</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>codifier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To reduce to a code, as laws.</def>

<h1>Codilla</h1>
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<hw>Co*dil"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>codicula</ets> a little tail, dim. of <ets>cauda</ets> tail.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The coarse tow of flax and hemp.</def>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<h1>Codille</h1>
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<hw>Co*dille"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>codile</ets>.]</ety> <def>A term at omber, signifying that the game is won.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Codist</h1>
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<hw>Co"dist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A codifier; a maker of codes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Codle</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Coddle</er>.</def>

<h1>Codlin, Codling</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cod"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cod"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>cod\'91ppel</ets> a quince.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An apple fit to stew or coddle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An immature apple.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>codling</b> when 't is almost an apple.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Codling moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small moth (<spn>Carpocapsa Pomonella</spn>), which in the larval state (known as the <i>apple worm<i>) lives in apples, often doing great damage to the crop.</cd></cs>

<h1>Codling</h1>
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<hw>Cod"ling</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>cod</ets> the fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young cod; also, a hake.</def>

<h1>Cod liver</h1>
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<hw>Cod" liv`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The liver of the common cod and allied species.</def>

<cs><col>Cod-liver oil</col>, <cd>an oil obtained fron the liver of the codfish, and used extensively in medicine as a means of supplying the body with fat in cases of malnutrition.</cd></cs>

<h1>Codpiece</h1>
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<hw>Cod"piece`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cod</ets>, n., <?/ + <ets>piece</ets>.]</ety> <def>A part of male dress in front of the breeches, formerly made very conspicuous.</def>

<i>Shak. Fosbroke.</i>

<h1>C\'d2cilian</h1>
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<hw>C\'d2*cil"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>C\'91cilian</er>.</def>

<h1>Coeducation</h1>
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<hw>Co*ed`u*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An educating together, as of persons of different sexes or races.</def><-- usu. of different sexes. -->

<wordforms><wf>Co*ed`u*ca"tion*al</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Coefficacy</h1>
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<hw>Co*ef"fi*ca*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Joint efficacy.</def>

<h1>Coefficiency</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`ef*fi"cien*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Joint efficiency; co\'94peration.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Coefficient</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`ef*fi"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Co\'94perating; acting together to produce an effect.</def>

<wordforms><wf>Co`ef*fi"cient*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Coefficient</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`ef*fi"cient</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which unites in action with something else to produce the same effect.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>coefficient</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A number or letter put before a letter or quantity, known or unknown, to show how many times the latter is to be taken; <as>as, 6<it>x</it>; <it>bx</it>; here 6 and <it>b</it> are <ex>coefficients</ex> of <it>x</it></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A number, commonly used in computation as a factor, expressing the amount of some change or effect under certain fixed conditions as to temperature, length, volume, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>coefficient</ex> of expansion; the <ex>coefficient</ex> of friction.</as></def>

<cs><col>Arbitrary coefficient</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a literal coefficient placed arbitrarily in an algebraic, expression, the value of the coefficient being afterwards determined by the conditions of the problem.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coehorn</h1>
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<hw>Coe"horn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From its inventor, Baron <ets>Coehorn</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A small bronze mortar mounted on a wooden block with handles, and light enough to be carried short distances by two men.</def>

<h1>C\'d2lacanth</h1>
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<hw>C\'d2l"a*canth</hw> <tt>(? or <?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hollow + <?/ spine.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having hollow spines, as some ganoid fishes.</def>

<h1>C\'d2lentera &or;  C\'d2lenterata</h1>
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<hw><hw>C\'d2*len"te*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> &or;  <hw>C\'d2*len`te*ra"ta</hw>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hollow + <?/ intestines.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A comprehensive group of Invertebrata, mostly marine, comprising the <spn>Anthozoa</spn>, <spn>Hydrozoa</spn>, and <spn>Ctenophora</spn>. The name implies that the stomach and body cavities are one. The group is sometimes enlarged so as to include the sponges.</def>

<h1>C\'d2lenterate</h1>
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<hw>C\'d2*len"ter*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the C\'d2lentra.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the C\'d2lentera.</def></def2>

<h1>C\'d2lia</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>C\'d2"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a cavity of the body, a ventricle.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A cavity.</def>

<note>&hand; The word is applied to the ventricles of the brain, the different venticles being indicated by prefixes like those characterizing the parts of the brain in which the cavities are found; as, <i>epic\'d2lia</i>, <i>mesoc\'d2lia</i>, <i>metac\'d2lia</i>, <i>proc\'d2lia</i>, etc.</note>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>C\'d2liac, Celiac</h1>
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<hw><hw>C\'d2"li*ac</hw>, <hw>Ce"li*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coeliacus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ belly, fr. <?/ hollow.]</ety> <def>Relating to the abdomen, or to the cavity of the abdomen.</def>

<cs><col>C\'d2liac artery</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the artery which issues from the aorta just below the diaphragm; -- called also <altname>c\'d2liac axis</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>C\'d2liac flux</col>, <col>C\'d2liac passion</col></mcol> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a chronic flux or diarrhea of undigested food.</cd></cs>

<h1>C\'d2lodont</h1>
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<hw>C\'d2"lo*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hollow + <?/, <?/, tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having hollow teeth; -- said of a group lizards.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a group of lizards having hollow teeth.</def></def2>

<h1>C\'d2lospermous</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>C\'d2l`o*sper"mous</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hollow + <?/ seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Hollow-seeded; having the ventral face of the seedlike carpels incurved at the ends, as in coriander seed.</def>

<h1>C\'d2lum</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>C\'d2"lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a hollow, neut. of <?/ hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Body cavity</cref>, under <er>Body</er>.</def>

<h1>Coemption</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co*emp"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>co\'89mptio</ets>, fr. <ets>co\'89mere</ets> to buy up. See <er>Emption</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of buying the whole quantity of any commodity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Coendoo</h1>
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<hw>Co*en"doo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Brazilian porcupine (<spn>Cercolades, &or; Sphingurus, prehensiles</spn>), remarkable for its prehensile tail.</def>

<h1>C\'d2nenchym, C\'d2nenchyma</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw><hw>C\'d2*nen"chym</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>C\'d2*nen"chy*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>coenenchyma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ common + <?/ something poured in. Formed like <ets>parenchyma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common tissue which unites the polyps or zooids of a compound anthozoan or coral. It may be soft or more or less ossified. See <er>Coral</er>.</def>

<h1>C\'d2nesthesis</h1>
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<hw>C\'d2n`es*the"sis</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ common + <?/ sensation.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Common sensation or general sensibility, as distinguished from the special sensations which are located in, or ascribed to, separate organs, as the eye and ear. It is supposed to depend on the ganglionic system.</def>

<h1>C\'d2nobite</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>C\'d2n"o*bite</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cenobite</er>.</def>

<h1>C\'d2n\'d2cium</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>C\'d2*n\'d2"ci*um</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ common + <?/ house.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common tissue which unites the various zooids of a bryozoan.</def>

<h1>C\'d2nogamy</h1>
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<hw>C\'d2*nog"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ common + <?/ marraige.]</ety> <def>The state of a community which permits promiscuous sexual intercourse among its members; -- as in certain primitive tribes or communistic societies.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cenogamy</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>C\'d2nosarc</h1>
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<hw>C\'d2n"o*sarc</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ common + <?/, <?/, flesh.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common soft tissue which unites the polyps of a compound hydroid. See <er>Hydroidea</er>.</def>

<h1>C\'d2nurus</h1>
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<hw>C\'d2*nu"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larval stage of a tapeworm (<spn>T\'91nia c\'d2nurus</spn>) which forms bladderlike sacs in the brain of sheep, causing the fatal disease known as <i>water brain</i>, <i>vertigo</i>, <i>staggers</i> or gid.</def>

<note>&hand; This bladder worm has on its surface numerous small heads, each of which, when swallowed by a dog, becomes a mature tapeworm in the dog's intestine.</note>

<h1>Coequal</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co*e"qual</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coaequalis</ets>; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>aequalis</ets> equal.]</ety> <def>Being on an equality in rank or power.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is on an equality with another.</def></def2>

<blockquote>In once he come to be a cardinal,
He'll make his cap <b>coequal</b> with the crown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coequality</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`e*qual"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being on an equality, as in rank or power.</def>

<h1>Coequally</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co*e"qual*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With coequality.</def>

<h1>Coerce</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co*erce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Coerced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coercing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>co\'89rcere</ets>; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>arcere</ets> to shut up, to press together. See <er>Ark</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To restrain by force, especially by law or authority; to repress; to curb.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<blockquote>Punishments are manifold, that they may <b>coerce</b> this profligate sort.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To compel or constrain to any action; <as>as, to <ex>coerce</ex> a man to vote for a certain candidate</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To compel or enforce; <as>as, to <ex>coerce</ex> obedience</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Coerce</er>, <er>Compel</er>.</syn> <usage> To <i>compel</i> denotes to urge on by force which cannot be resisted. The term aplies equally to physical and moral force; as, <i>compelled</i> by hunger; <i>compelled</i> adverse circumstances; <i>compelled</i> by parental affection. <i>Coerce</i> had at first only the negative sense of checking or restraining by force; as, to <i>coerce</i> a bad man by punishments or a prisoner with fetters. It has now gained a positive sense., viz., that of driving a person into the performance of some act which is required of him by another; as, to <i>coerce</i> a man to sign a contract; to <i>coerce</i> obedience. In this sense (which is now the prevailing one), <i>coerce</i> differs but little from <i>compel</i>, and yet there is a distinction between them. <i>Coercion</i> is usually acomplished by indirect means, as threats and intimidation, physical force being more rarely employed in <i>coercing</i>.</usage>

<h1>Coercible</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co"er"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being coerced.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Co*er"ci*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Coercion</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co*er"cion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coercio</ets>, fr. <ets>coercere</ets>. See <er>Coerce</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of coercing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The application to another of either physical or moral force. When the force is physical, and cannot be resisted, then the act produced by it is a nullity, so far as concerns the party coerced. When the force is moral, then the act, though voidable, is imputable to the party doing it, unless he be so paralyzed by terror as to act convulsively. At the same time coercion is not negatived by the fact of submission under force. "Coactus volui" (I consented under compulsion) is the condition of mind which, when there is volition forced by coercion, annuls the result of such coercion.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Coercitive</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co*er"ci*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Coercive.</def> "<i>Coercitive</i> power in laws."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Coercive</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co*er"cive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving or intended to coerce; having power to constrain.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Co*er"cive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- Co*er"cive*ness, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote><b>Coercive</b> power can only influence us to outward practice.
<i>Bp. Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Coercive</col> &or; <col>Coercitive force</col></mcol> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld>, <cd>the power or force which in iron or steel produces a slowness or difficulty in imparting magnetism to it, and also interposes an obstacle to the return of a bar to its natural state when active magnetism has ceased. It plainly depends on the molecular constitution of the metal.</cd></cs>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<blockquote>The power of resisting magnetization or demagnization is sometimes called <b>coercive force</b>.
<i>S. Thompson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>C\'d2rulignone</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>C\'d2`ru*lig"none</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coeruleus cerulean + lignum</ets> wood + E. quin<ets>one</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bluish violet, crystalline substance obtained in the purification of crude wood vinegar. It is regarded as a complex quinone derivative of diphenyl; -- called also <altname>cedriret</altname>.</def>

<h1>Coessential</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`es*sen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Partaking of the same essence.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Co`es*sen"tial*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>We bless and magnify that <b>coessential</b> Spirit, eternally proceeding from both [The Father and the Son].
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coessentiality</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`es*sen`ti*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Participation of the same essence.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Coestablishment</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`es*tab"lish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Joint establishment.</def>

<i>Bp. Watson.</i>

<h1>Coestate</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`es*tate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Joint estate.</def>

<i>Smolett.</i>

<h1>Coetanean</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`e*ta"ne*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A personcoetaneous with another; a contemporary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A . . . <b>coetanean</b> of the late earl of Southampto<?/.
<i>Aubrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coetaneous</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`e*ta"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coaetaneus</ets>; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>aetas</ets> age.]</ety> <def>Of the same age; beginning to exist at the same time; contemporaneous.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Co`e*ta"ne*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>And all [members of the body] are <b>coetaneous</b>.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coeternal</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`e*ter"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Equally eternal. -- <wordforms><wf>Co`e*ter"nal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv</i>.</wordforms>

<blockquote>Hail, holy Light, offspring of Heaven first born!
Or of the Eternal <b>coeternal</b> beam.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coeternity</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`e*ter"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Existence from eternity equally with another eternal being; equal eternity.</def>

<h1>Coeval</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co*e"val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coaevus</ets>; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>aevum</ets> lifetime, age. See <er>Age</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Of the same age; existing during the same period of time, especially time long and remote; -- usually followed by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Silence! <b>coeval</b> with eternity!
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Oaks <b>coeval</b> spread a mournful shade.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coeval</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co*e"val</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the same age; a contemporary.</def>

<blockquote>As if it were not enough to have outdone all your <b>coevals</b> in wit.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coevous</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co*e"vous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Coeaval</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Coexecutor</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`ex*ec"u*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A joint executor.</def>

<h1>Coexecutrix</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`ex*ec"u*trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A joint executrix.</def>

<h1>Coexist</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`ex*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Coexisted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coexisting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To exist at the same time; -- sometimes followed by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Of substances no one has any clear idea, farther than of certain simple ideas <b>coexisting</b> together.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So much purity and integrity . . . <b>coexisting</b> with so much decay and so many infirmities.
<i>Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coexistence</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`ex*ist"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Existence at the same time with another; -- contemporary existence.</def>

<blockquote>Without the help, or so much as the <b>coexistence</b>, of any condition.
<i>Jer.  Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coexistent</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`ex*ist"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Existing at the same time with another.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>That which coexists with another.</def></def2>

<blockquote>The law of <b>coexistent</b> vibrations.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coexisting</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`ex*ist"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Coexistent.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Coextend</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`ex*tend</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Coextended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coextending</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To extend through the same space or time with another; to extend to the same degree.</def>

<blockquote>According to which the least body may be <b>coextended</b> with the greatest.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Has your English language one single word that is <b>coextended</b> through all these significations?
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coextension</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`ex*ten"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of extending equally, or the state of being equally extended.</def>

<h1>Coextensive</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co`ex*ten"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Equally extensive; having <?/ extent; <as>as, consciousness and knowledge are <ex>coextensive</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton. -</i>

- <wordforms><wf>Co`ex*ten"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- Co`ex*ten"sive*ness, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Coffee</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cof"fee</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk. <ets>qahveh</ets>, Ar. <ets>qahuah</ets> wine, coffee, a decoction of berries. Cf. <er>Caf\'82</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The "beans" or "berries" (pyrenes) obtained from the drupes of a small evergreen tree of the genus <spn>Coffea</spn>, growing in Abyssinia, Arabia, Persia, and other warm regions of Asia and Africa, and also in tropical America.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The coffee tree.</def>

<note>&hand; There are several species of the coffee tree, as, <spn>Coffea Arabica</spn>, <spn>C. occidentalis</spn>, and <spn>C. Liberica</spn>. The white, fragrant flowers grow in clusters at the root of the leaves, and the fruit is a red or purple cherrylike drupe, with sweet pulp, usually containing two pyrenes, commercially called "beans" or "berries".</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The beverage made from the roasted and ground berry.</def>

<blockquote>They have in Turkey a drink called <b>coffee</b> . . . This drink comforteth the brain and heart, and helpeth digestion.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The use of <i>coffee</i> is said to have been introduced into England about 1650, when coffeehouses were opened in Oxford and London.</note>

<cs><col>Coffee bug</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of scale insect (<spn>Lecanium coff\'91a</spn>), often very injurious to the coffee tree.</cd> -- <col>Coffee rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Musang</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coffeehouse</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cof"fee*house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house of entertainment, where guests are supplied with coffee and other refreshments, and where men meet for conversation.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>coffeehouse</b> must not be dismissed with a cursory mention. It might indeed, at that time, have been not improperly called a most important political institution . . . The <b>coffeehouses</b> were the chief organs through which the public opinion of the metropolis vented itself . . . Every man of the upper or middle class went daily to his <b>coffeehouse</b> to learn the news and discuss it. Every <b>coffeehouse</b> had one or more orators, to whose eloquence the crowd listened with admiration, and who soon became what the journalists of our own time have been called -- a fourth estate of the realm.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coffeeman</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cof"fee*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who keeps a coffeehouse.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Coffeepot</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cof"fee*pot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A covered pot im which coffee is prepared, <?/r is brought upon the table for drinking.</def>

<h1>Coffeeroom</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cof"fee*room`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A public room where coffee and other refreshments may be obtained.</def>

<h1>Coffer</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cof"fer</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cofre</ets>, F. <ets>coffre</ets>, L. <ets>cophinus</ets> basket, fr. Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Coffin</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A casket, chest, or trunk; especially, one used for keeping money or other valuables.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>In ivory <b>coffers</b> I have stuffed my crowns.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Treasure or funds; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>He would discharge it without any burden to the queen's <b>coffers</b>, for honor sake.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hold, here is half my <b>coffer</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A panel deeply recessed in the ceiling of a vault, dome, or portico; a caisson.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A trench dug in the botton of a dry moat, and extending across it, to enable the besieged to defend it by a raking fire.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The chamber of a canal lock; also, a caisson or a cofferdam.</def>

<cs><col>Coffer dam</col>. <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Cofferdam</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Coffer fish</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Cowfish</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coffer</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cof"fer</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put into a coffer.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>To secure from leaking, as a chaft, by ramming clay behind the masonry or timbering.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To form with or in a coffer or coffers; to turnish with a coffer or coffers.</def>

<h1>Cofferdam</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cof"fer*dam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A water-tight inclosure, as of piles packed with clay, from which the water is pumped to expose the bottom (of a river, etc.) and permit the laying of foundations, building of piers, etc.</def>

<h1>Cofferer</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cof"fer*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who keeps treasures in a coffer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cofferwork</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cof"fer*work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>Rubblework faced with stone.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Coffin</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cof"fin</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE., a basket, receptacle, OF. <ets>cofin</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cophinus</ets>. See <er>Coffer</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The case in which a dead human body is inclosed for burial.</def>

<blockquote>They embalmed him [Joseph], and he was put in a <b>coffin</b>.
<i>Gen. 1. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A basket.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif (matt. xiv. 20).</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A casing or crust, or a mold, of pastry, as for a pie.</def>

<blockquote>Of the paste a <b>coffin</b> I will rear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A conical paper bag, used by grocers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>The hollow crust or hoof of a horse's foot, below the coronet, in which is the coffin bone.</def>

<cs><col>Coffin bone</col>, <cd>the foot bone of the horse and allied animals, inclosed within the hoof, and corresponding to the third phalanx of the middle finger, or toe, of most mammals.</cd> -- <col>Coffin joint</col>, <cd>the joint next above the coffin bone.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coffin</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cof"fin</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Coffined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coffining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To inclose in, or as in, a coffin.</def>

<blockquote>Would'st thou have laughed, had I come <b>coffined</b> home?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Devotion is not <b>coffined</b> in a cell.
<i>John Hall (1646).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coffinless</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cof"fin*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no coffin.</def>

<h1>Coffle</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cof"fle</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>kafala</ets> caravan.]</ety> <def>A gang of negro slaves being driven to market.</def>

<h1>Cog</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cogged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cogging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>coegio</ets> to make void, to beceive, from <ets>coeg</ets> empty, vain, foolish. Cf. <er>Coax</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To seduce, or draw away, by adulation, artifice, or falsehood; to wheedle; to cozen; to cheat.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I'll . . . <b>cog</b> their hearts from them.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To obtrude or thrust in, by falsehood or deception; <as>as, to <ex>cog</ex> in a word</as>; to palm off.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Fustian tragedies . . . have, by concerted applauses, been <b>cogged</b> upon the town for masterpieces.
<i>J. Dennis</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To cog a die, to load so as to direct its fall; to cheat in playing dice.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cog</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To deceive; to cheat; to play false; to lie; to wheedle; to cajole.</def>

<blockquote>For guineas in other men's breeches,
Your gamesters will palm and will <b>cog</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cog</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A trick or deception; a falsehood.</def>

<i>Wm. Watson.</i>

<h1>Cog</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>kugge</ets> a cog, or W. <ets>cocos</ets> the cogs of a wheel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A tooth, cam, or catch for imparting or receiving motion, as on a gear wheel, or a lifter or wiper on a shaft; originally, a separate piece of wood set in a mortise in the face of a wheel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A kind of tenon on the end of a joist, received into a notch in a bearing timber, and resting flush with its upper surface.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tenon in a scarf joint; a coak.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>One of the rough pillars of stone or coal left to support the roof of a mine.</def>

<h1>Cog</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with a cog or cogs.</def>

<cs><col>Cogged breath sound</col> <fld>(Auscultation)</fld>, <cd>a form of interrupted respiration, in which the interruptions are very even, three or four to each inspiration.</cd></cs>

<i>Quain.</i>

<h1>Cog</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cogge</ets>; cf. D. <ets>kog</ets>, Icel. <ets>kuggr</ets> Cf. <er>Cock</er> a boat.]</ety> <def>A small fishing boat.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Cogency</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cogent</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being cogent; power of compelling conviction; conclusiveness; force.</def>

<blockquote>An antecedent argument of extreme <b>cogency</b>.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cogenial</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co*ge"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Congenial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cogent</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cogens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>cogere</ets> to drive together, to force; <ets>co-</ets> + agere to drive. See <er>Agent</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Coact</er> to force, <er>Coagulate</er>, <ets>p</ets>. <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Compelling, in a physical sense; powerful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>cogent</b> force of nature.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the power to compel conviction or move the will; constraining; conclusive; forcible; powerful; not easily reasisted.</def>

<blockquote>No better nor more <b>cogent</b> reason.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Proofs of the most <b>cogent</b> description.
<i>Tyndall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The tongue whose strains were <b>cogent</b> as commands,
Revered at home, and felt in foreign lands.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Forcible; powerful; potent; urgent; strong; persuasive; convincing; conclusive; influential.</syn>

<h1>Cogently</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co"gent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a cogent manner; forcibly; convincigly; conclusively.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Cogger</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cog</er> to wheedle.]</ety> <def>A flatterer or deceiver; a sharper.</def>

<h1>Coggery</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"ger*y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Trick; deception.</def>

<i>Bp. Watson.</i>

<h1>Coggle</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cog</er> small boat.]</ety> <def>A small fishing boat.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Coggle</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cobble</er> a cobblestone.]</ety> <def>A cobblestone.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Cogitability</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog`i*ta*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being cogitable; conceivableness.</def>

<h1>Cogitable</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"i*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cogitabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>cogitare</ets> to think.]</ety> <def>Capable of being brought before the mind as a throught or idea; conceivable; thinkable.</def>

<blockquote>Creation is <b>cogitable</b> by us only as a putting forth of divine power.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cogitabund</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"i*ta*bund`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cogitabundus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Full of thought; thoughtful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Leigh Hunt.</i>

<h1>Cogitate</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cogitated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cogitating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>cogitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cogitare</ets> to reflect upon, prob. fr. <ets>co-</ets> + the root of <ets>aio</ets> I say; hence, prop., to discuss with one's self. Cf. <er>Adage</er>.]</ety> <def>To engage in continuous thought; to think.</def>

<blockquote>He that calleth a thing into his mind, whether by impression or recordation, <b>cogitateth</b> and considereth, and he that employeth the faculty of his fancy also <b>cogitateth</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cogitate</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"i*tate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To think over; to plan.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . is our witness, how we both day and night, revolving in our minds, did <b>cogitate</b> nothing more than how to satisfy the parts of a good pastor.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cogitation</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cogitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cogitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of thinking; thought; meditation; contemplation.</def> "Fixed in <i>cogitation</i> deep."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Cogitative</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"i*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>cogitativus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessing, or pertaining to, the power of thinking or meditating.</def> "<i>Cogitative</i> faculties."

<i>Wollaston.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Given to thought or contemplation.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Cogman</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dealer in cogware or coarse cloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Cognac</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co"gnac`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A kind of French brandy, so called from the town of <i>Cognac</i>.</def>

<h1>Cognate</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cognatus</ets>; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>gnatus</ets>, <ets>natus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>nasci</ets>, anciently <ets>gnasci</ets>, to be born. See <er>Nation</er>, and cf. <er>Connate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Allied by blood; kindred by birth; specifically <fld>(Law)</fld>, related on the mother's side.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of the same or a similar nature; of the same family; proceeding from the same stock or root; allied; kindred; <as>as, a <ex>cognate</ex> language</as>.</def>

<h1>Cognate</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"nate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who is related to another on the female side.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of a number of things allied in origin or nature; <as>as, certain letters are <ex>cognates</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Cognateness</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"nate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being cognate.</def>

<h1>Cognati</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog*na"ti</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Relatives by the mother's side.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Cognation</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cognatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relationship by blood; descent from the same original; kindred.</def>

<blockquote>As by our <b>cognation</b> to the body of the first Adam.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Participation of the same nature.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<blockquote>A like temper and <b>cognation</b>.
<i>Sir K. Digby.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>That tie of consanguinity which exists between persons descended from the same mother; -- used in distinction from <i>agnation</i>.</def>

<h1>Cognatus</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog*na"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a kinsman.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person cinnected through cognation.</def>

<h1>Cognisor &or;, Cognisee</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw><hw>Cog`ni*sor"</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <hw>Cog`ni*see</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cognizor</er>, <er>Cognizee</er>.</def>

<h1>Cognition</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cognitio</ets>, fr. <ets>cognoscere</ets>, <ets>cognitum</ets>, to become acquainted with, to know; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>noscere</ets>, <ets>gnoscere</ets>, to get a knowledge of. See <er>Know</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of knowing; knowledge; perception.</def>

<blockquote>I will not be myself nor have <b>cognation</b>
Of what I feel: I am all patience.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is known.</def>

<h1>Cognitive</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"ni*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Knowing, or apprehending by the understanding; <as>as, <ex>cognitive</ex> power</as>.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Cognizable</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"ni*za*ble</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>connaissable</ets>, fr. <ets>conna\'8ctre</ets> to know, L. <ets>cognoscere</ets>. See Cognition.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being known or apprehended; <as>as, <ex>cognizable</ex> causes</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fitted to be a subject of judicial investigation; capable of being judicially heard and determined.</def>

<blockquote><b>Cognizable</b> both in the ecclesiastical and secular courts.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cognizably</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"ni*za*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a cognizable manner.</def>

<h1>Cognizance</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"ni*zance</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>conissance</ets>, <ets>conoissance</ets>, F. <ets>conaissance</ets>, LL. <ets>cognoscentia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cognoscere</ets> to know. See <er>Cognition</er>, and cf. <er>Cognoscence</er>, <er>Connoisseur</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Apprehension by the understanding; perception; observation.</def>

<blockquote>Within the <b>cognizance</b> and lying under the control of their divine Governor.
<i>Bp. Hurd</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Recollection; recognition.</def>

<blockquote>Who, soon as on that knight his eye did glance,
Eftsoones of him had perfect <b>cognizance</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Jurisdiction, or the power given by law to hear and decide controversies.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The hearing a matter judicially.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An acknowledgment of a fine of lands and tenements or confession of a thing done.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A form of defense in the action of replevin, by which the defendant insists that the goods were lawfully taken, as a distress, by defendant, acting as servant for another.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Cowell. Mozley & W.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The distinguishing mark worn by an armed knight, usually upon the helmet, and by his retainers and followers: Hence, in general, a badge worn by a retainer or dependent, to indicate the person or party to which he belonged; a token by which a thing may be known.</def>

<blockquote>Wearing the liveries and <b>cognizance</b> of their master.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This pale and angry rose,
As <b>cognizance</b> of my blood-drinking hate.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cognizant</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"ni*zant</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cognizance</er>, and cf. <er>Connusant</er>.]</ety> <def>Having cognizance or knowledge. (<it>of</it>).</def>

<h1>Cognize</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cognizant</er>, <er>Recognize</er>.]</ety> <def>To know or perceive; to recognize.</def>

<blockquote>The reasoning faculty can deal with no facts until they are <b>cognized</b> by it.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cognizee</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog`ni*zee"</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One to whom a fine of land was ackowledged.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Cognizor</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog`ni*zor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cognizance</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who ackowledged the right of the plaintiff or cognizee in a fine; the defendant.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Cognomen</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog*no"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: <ets>co-</ets> + (<ets>g</ets>)<ets>nomen</ets> name.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The last of the three names of a person among the ancient Romans, denoting his house or family.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A surname.</def>

<h1>Cognominal</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog*nom"i*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a cognomen; of the nature of a surname.</def>

<h1>Cognominal</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog*nom"i*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One bearing the same name; a namesake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Cognomination</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog*nom`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cognominatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cognomen or surname.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Cognoscence</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog*nos"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>cognoscentia</ets>. See <er>Cognizance</er>.]</ety> <def>Cognizance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Cognoscente</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog`nos*cen"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cognoscenti</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OIt. <ets>cognoscente</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>cognoscere</ets>, It. <ets>conoscere</ets> to know.]</ety> <def>A conoisseur.</def>

<i>Mason.</i>

<h1>Cognoscibility</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog*nos`ci*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being cognoscible.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Cognoscible</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog*nos"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being known.</def> "Matters intelligible and <i>cognoscible</i>."

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Liable to judicial investigation.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Cognoscitive</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog*nos"ci*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the power of knowing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "An innate <i>cognoscitive</i> power."

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Cognovit</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog*no"vit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., he has acknowledged.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An instrument in writting whereby a defendant in an action acknowledges a plaintiff's demand to be just.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Coguardian</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co*guard"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A joint guardian.</def>

<h1>Cogue</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cog</er> a small boat.]</ety> <def>A small wooden vessel; a pail.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Cogware</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"ware`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coarse, narrow cloth, like frieze, used by the lower classes in the sixteenth century.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Cogwheel</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Cog"wheel`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wheel with cogs or teeth; a gear wheel. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Gearing</er>.</def>

<h1>Cohabit</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co*hab"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cohabited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cohabiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>cohabitare</ets>; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>habitare</ets> to dwell, to have possession of (a place), freg. of <ets>habere</ets> to have. See <er>Habit</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To inhabit or reside in company, or in the same place or country.</def>

<blockquote>The Philistines were worsted by the captived ark . . . : they were not able to <b>cohabit</b> with that holy thing.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dwell or live together as husband and wife.</def>

<blockquote>The law presumes that husband and wife <b>cohabit</b> together, even after a voluntary separation has taken place between them.
<i>Bouvier.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; By the common law as existing in the United States, marriage is presumed when a man and woman <i>cohabit</i> permanently together, being reputed by those who know them to be husband and wife, and admitting the relationship.</note>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Cohabitant</h1>
<Xpage=273>

<hw>Co*hab"it*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cohabitans</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>One who dwells with another, or in the same place or country.</def>

<blockquote>No small number of the Danes became peaceable <b>cohabitants</b> with the Saxons in England.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="276">
Page 276<p>

<h1>Cohabitation</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*hab"i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cohabitatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of dwelling together, or in the same place with another.</def>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The living together of a man and woman in supposed sexual relationship.</def>

<blockquote>That the duty of <b>cohabitation</b> is released by the cruelty of one of the parties is admitted.
<i>Lord Stowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cohabiter</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*hab"it*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cohabitant.</def>

<i>Hobbes.</i>

<h1>Coheir</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*heir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A joint heir; one of two or more heirs; one of several entitled to an inheritance.</def>

<h1>Coheiress</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*heir"ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female heir who inherits with other heiresses; a joint heiress.</def>

<h1>Coheirship</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*heir"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a coheir.</def>

<h1>Coherald</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*her"ald</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A joint herald.</def>

<h1>Cohere</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*here"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cohered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cohering</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>cohaerere</ets>, <ets>cohaesum</ets>; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>haerere</ets> to stick, adhere. See <er>Aghast</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stick together; to cleave; to be united; to hold fast, as parts of the same mass.</def>

<blockquote>Neither knows he . . . how the solid parts of the body are united or <b>cohere</b> together.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be united or connected together in subordination to one purpose; to follow naturally and logically, as the parts of a discourse, or as arguments in a train of reasoning; to be logically consistent.</def>

<blockquote>They have been inserted where they best seemed to <b>cohere</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To suit; to agree; to fit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Had time <b>cohered</b> with place, or place with wishing.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To cleave; unite; adhere; stick; suit; agree; fit; be consistent.</syn>

<h1>Coherence, Coherency</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw><hw>Co*her"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Co*her"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cohaerentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>coh\'82rence</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sticking or cleaving together; union of parts of the same body; cohesion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Connection or dependence, proceeding from the subordination of the parts of a thing to one principle or purpose, as in the parts of a discourse, or of a system of philosophy; consecutiveness.</def>

<blockquote><b>Coherence</b> of discourse, and a direct tendency of all the parts of it to the argument in hand, are most eminently to be found in him.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coherent</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*her"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cohaerens</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Cohere</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sticking together; cleaving; as the parts of bodies; solid or fluid.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Composed of mutually dependent parts; making a logical whole; consistent; <as>as, a <ex>coherent</ex> plan, argument, or discourse</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Logically consistent; -- applied to persons; <as>as, a <ex>coherent</ex> thinker</as>.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Suitable or suited; adapted; accordant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Instruct my daughter how she shall persever,
That time and place, with this deceit so lawful,
May prove <b>coherent</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coherently</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*her"ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a coherent manner.</def>

<h1>Cohesibility</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*he`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being cohesible.</def>

<i>Good.</i>

<h1>Cohesible</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*he"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of cohesion.</def>

<h1>Cohesion</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*he"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>coh\'82sion</ets>. See <er>Cohere</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of sticking together; close union.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That from of attraction by which the particles of a body are united throughout the mass, whether like or unlike; -- distinguished from <i>adhesion</i>, which unites bodies by their adjacent surfaces.</def>

<blockquote>Solids and fluids differ in the degree of <b>cohesion</b>, which, being increased, turns a fluid into a solid.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Logical agreement and dependence; <as>as, the <ex>cohesion</ex> of ideas</as>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Cohesive</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*he"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Holding the particles of a homogeneous body together; <as>as, <ex>cohesive</ex> attraction</as>; producing cohesion; <as>as, a <ex>cohesive</ex> force</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cohering, or sticking together, as in a mass; capable of cohering; tending to cohere; <as>as, <ex>cohesive</ex> clay</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Cohesive attraction</col>. <cd>See under <er>Attraction</er>.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Co*he"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Co*he"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Cohibit</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*hib"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cohibited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cohibiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>cohibitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cohibere</ets> to confine; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>habere</ets> to hold.]</ety> <def>To restrain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Cohibition</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co`hi*bi"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cohibitio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hindrance; restraint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cohobate</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co`ho*bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cohobated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cohobating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>cohobare</ets>; prob. of Arabic origin: cf. F. <ets>cohober</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Chem.)</fld> <def>To repeat the distillation of, pouring the liquor back upon the matter remaining in the vessel.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Cohobation</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co`ho*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cohobation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Chem.)</fld> <def>The process of cohobating.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Cohorn</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co"horn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>See <er>Coehorn</er>.</def>

<h1>Cohort</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co"hort</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cohors</ets>, prop. an inclosure: cf. F. <ets>cohorte</ets>. See <er>Court</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A body of about five or six hundred soldiers; the tenth part of a legion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any band or body of warriors.</def>

<blockquote>With him the <b>cohort</b> bright
Of watchful cherubim.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A natural group of orders of plants, less comprehensive than a class.</def>

<h1>Cohosh</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co"hosh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial American herb (<spn>Caulophyllum thalictroides</spn>), whose roostock is used in medicine; -- also called <altname>pappoose root</altname>. The name is sometimes also given to the <spn>Cimicifuga racemosa</spn>, and to two species of <spn>Act\'91a</spn>, plants of the Crowfoot family.</def>

<h1>Coif</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Coif</hw> <tt>(koif)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>coife</ets>, F. <ets>coiffe</ets>, LL. <ets>cofea</ets>, <ets>cuphia</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>kuppa</ets>, <ets>kuppha</ets>, miter, perh. fr. L. <ets>cupa</ets> tub. See <er>Cup</er>, <tt>n.</tt> ; but cf. also <er>Cop</er>, <er>Cuff</er> the article of dress, <er>Quoif</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A cap. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> A close-fitting cap covering the sides of the head, like a small hood without a cape. <sd>(b)</sd> An official headdress, such as that worn by certain judges in England.</def> <altsp>[Writting also <asp>quoif</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>From point and saucy ermine down
To the plain <b>coif</b> and russet gown.
<i>H. Brocke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The judges, . . . althout they are not of the first magnitude, nor need be of the degree of the <b>coif</b>, yet are they considerable.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coif</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Coif</hw> <tt>(koif)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>coiffer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cover or dress with, or as with, a coif.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>coif</b> me, where I'm bald, with flowers.
<i>J. G. Cooper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coifed</h1>
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<hw>Coifed</hw> <tt>(koift)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing a coif.</def>

<h1>Coiffure</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Coif"fure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>coiffer</ets>. See <er>Coif</er>.]</ety> <def>A headdress, or manner of dressing the hair.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Coigne</h1>
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<hw>Coigne</hw> <tt>(koin)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Coin</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A quoin.</def>

<blockquote>See you yound <b>coigne</b> of the Capitol? yon corner stone?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coigne, Coigny</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw><hw>Coigne</hw>, <hw>Coign"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice of quartering one's self as landlord on a tenant; a quartering of one's self on anybody.</def> <mark>[Ireland]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Coil</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Coil</hw> <tt>(koil)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Coiled</er> (koild); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>coillir</ets>, F. <ets>cueillir</ets>, to collect, gather together, L. <ets>coligere</ets>; <ets>col-</ets> + <ets>legere</ets> to gather. See <er>Legend</er>, and cf. <er>Cull</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Collect</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wind cylindrically or spirally; <as>as, to <ex>coil</ex> a rope when not in use; the snake <i>coiled</i> itself before springing.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To encircle and hold with, or as with, coils.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>T. Edwards.</i>

<h1>Coil</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Coil</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To wind itself cylindrically or spirally; to form a coil; to wind; -- often with <i>about</i> or <i>around</i>.</def>

<blockquote>You can see his flery serpents . . .
<b>Coiting</b>, playing in the water.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coil</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Coil</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A ring, series of rings, or spiral, into which a rope, or other like thing, is wound.</def>

<blockquote>The wild grapevines that twisted their <b>coils</b> from trec to tree.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Entanglement; toil; mesh; perplexity.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A series of connected pipes in rows or layers, as in a steam heating apparatus.</def>

<cs><col>Induction coil</col>. <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Induction</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ruhmkorff's coil</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>an induction coil, sometimes so called from <ets>Ruhmkorff<ets> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, a prominent manufacturer of the apparatus.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coil</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Coil</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. <ets>goil</ets> fume, rage.]</ety> <def>A noise, tumult, bustle, or confusion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Coilon</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Coi"lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Cullion</er>.]</ety> <def>A testicle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Coin</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Coin</hw> <tt>(koin)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>coin</ets>, formerly also <ets>coing</ets>, wedge, stamp, corner, fr. L. <ets>cuneus</ets> wedge; prob. akin to E. <ets>cone</ets>, <ets>hone</ets>. See <er>Hone</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Coigne</er>, <er>Quoin</er>, <er>Cuneiform</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A quoin; a corner or external angle; a wegde. See <er>Coigne</er>, and <er>Quoin</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of metal on which certain characters are stamped by government authority, making it legally current as money; -- much used in a collective sense.</def>

<blockquote>It is alleged that it [a subsidy] exceeded all the current <b>coin</b> of the realm.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which serves for payment or recompense.</def>

<blockquote>The loss of present advantage to flesh and blood is repaid in a nobler <b>coin</b>.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Coin balance</col>. <cd>See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Balance</er>.</cd> -- <col>To pay one in his own coin</col>, <cd>to return to one the same kind of injury or ill treatment as has been received from him. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Coin</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Coin</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Coined</er> <tt>(koind)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coining</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make of a definite fineness, and convert into coins, as a mass of metal; to mint; to manufacture; <as>as, to <ex>coin</ex> silver dollars; to <ex>coin</ex> a medal.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make or fabricate; to invent; to originate; <as>as, to <ex>coin</ex> a word</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Some tale, some new pretense, he daily <b>coined</b>,
To soothe his sister and delude her mind.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To acquire rapidly, as money; to make.</def>

<blockquote>Tenants cannot <b>coin</b> rent just at quarter day.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coin</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Coin</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To manufacture counterfeit money.</def>

<blockquote>They cannot touch me for <b>coining</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coinage</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Coin"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Coin</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, cf. <er>Cuinage</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of converting metal into money.</def>

<blockquote>The care of the <b>coinage</b> was committed to the inferior magistrates.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Coins; the aggregate coin of a time or place.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The cost or expense of coining money.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act or process of fabricating or inventing; formation; fabrication; that which is fabricated or forged.</def> "Unnecessary <i>coinage</i> . . . of words."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>This is the very <b>coinage</b> of your brain.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coincide</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co`in*cide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Coincided</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coinciding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>incidere</ets> to fall on; <ets>in + cadere</ets> to fall: cf. F. <ets>co\'8bncider</ets>. See <er>Chance</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To occupy the same place in space, as two equal triangles, when placed one on the other.</def>

<blockquote>If the equator and the ecliptic had <b>coincided</b>, it would have rendered the annual revoluton of the earth useless.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To occur at the same time; to be contemporaneous; <as>as, the fall of Granada <ex>coincided</ex> with the discovery of America</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To correspond exactly; to agree; to concur; <as>as, our aims <ex>coincide</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The rules of right jugdment and of good ratiocination often <b>coincide</b> with each other.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coincidence</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*in"ci*dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>co\'8bncidence</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of occupying the same place in space; <as>as, the <ex>coincidence</ex> of circles, surfaces, etc.</as></def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The condition or fact of happening at the same time; <as>as, the <ex>coincidence</ex> of the deaths of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Exact correspondence in nature, character, result, circumstances, etc.; concurrence; agreement.</def>

<blockquote>The very concurrence and <b>coincidence</b> of ao many evidences . . . carries a great weight.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those who discourse . . . of the nature of truth . . . affirm a perfect <b>coincidence</b> between truth and goodness.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coincibency</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*in"ci*ben*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Coincidence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Coincident</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*in"ci*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>co\'8bncident</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having coincidence; occupying the same place; contemporaneous; concurrent; -- followed by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Christianity teaches nothing but what is perfectly suitable to, and <b>coincident</b> with, the ruling principles of a virtuous and well-inclined man.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coincident</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*in"ci*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of two or more coincident events; a coincidence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Coincidents</i> and accidents."

<i>Froude.</i>

<h1>Coincidental</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*in`ci*den"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Coincident.</def>

<h1>Coincidently</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*in"ci*dent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With coincidence.</def>

<h1>Coincider</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co`in*cid"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who coincides with another in an opinion.</def>

<h1>Coindication</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*in`di*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>co\'8bdication</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of several signs or sumptoms indicating the same fact; <as>as, a <ex>coindication</ex> of disease</as>.</def>

<h1>Coiner</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Coin"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who makes or stamps coin; a maker of money; -- usually, a maker of counterfeit money.</def>

<blockquote>Precautions such as are employed by <b>coiners</b> and receivers of stolen goods.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inventor or maker, as of words.</def>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Coinhabitant</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co`in*hab"it*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dwells with another, or with others.</def> "<i>Coinhabitants</i> of the same element."

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Coinhere</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co`in*here"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To inhere or exist together, as in one substance.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Coinheritance</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co`in*her"it*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Joint inheritance.</def>

<h1>Coinheritor</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co`in*her"it*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coheir.</def>

<h1>Coinitial</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co`in*i"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Having a common beginning.</def>

<h1>Coinquinate</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*in"qui*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coinquinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>coinquinare</ets> to defile. See <er>Inquinate</er>.]</ety> <def>Topollute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Coinquination</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*in`qui*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Defilement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Coinstantaneous</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*in"stan*ta"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Happening at the same instant.</def>

<i>C. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Cointense</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co`intense"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Equal in intensity or degree; <as>as, the relations between 6 and 12, and 8 and 16, are <ex>cointense</ex></as>.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Cointension</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co`in*ten"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being of equal in intensity; -- applied to relations; <as>as, 3 : 6 and 6 : 12 are relations of <ex>cointension</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Cointension</b> . . . is chosen indicate the equality of relations in respect of the contrast between their terms.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coir</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Coir</hw> <tt>(koir)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Tamil <ets>kayiru</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A material for cordage, matting, etc., consisting of the prepared fiber of the outer husk of the cocoanut.</def>

<i>Homans.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cordage or cables, made of this material.</def>

<h1>Coistril</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Cois"tril</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from OF. <ets>coustillier</ets> groom or lad. Cf. <er>Custrel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inferior groom or lad employed by an esquire to carry the knight's arms and other necessaries.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>coistrel</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mean, paltry fellow; a coward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Coit</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Coit</hw> <tt>(koit)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Quoit</er>.]</ety> <def>A quoit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Coit</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Coit</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To throw, as a stone. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Quoit</er>.</def>

<h1>Coition</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*i"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coitio</ets>, fr. <ets>coire</ets> to come together; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>ire</ets> to go.]</ety> <def>A coming together; sexual intercourse; copulation.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Cojoin</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*join"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To join; to conjoin.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cojuror</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co*ju"ror</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who swears to another's credibility.</def>

<i>W. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Coke</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Coke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. akin to <ets>cake</ets>, n.]</ety> <def>Mineral coal charred, or depriver of its bitumen, sulphur, or other volatile matter by roasting in a kiln or oven, or by distillation, as in gas works. It is lagerly used where <?/ smokeless fire is required.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>coak</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Gas coke</col>, <cd>the coke formed in gas retorts, as distinguished from that made in ovens.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coke</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Coke</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To convert into coke.</def>

<h1>Cokenay</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Coke"nay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cockney.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Cokernut</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Co"ker*nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The cocoanut.</def>

<note>&hand; A mode of spelling introduced by the London customhouse to distinguish more widely between this and other articles spelt much in the same manner.</note>

<h1>Cokes</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Cokes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. Cf. <er>Coax</er>.]</ety> <def>A simpleton; a gull; a dupe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Cokewold</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Coke"wold</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cuckold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Col</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Col</hw><def>- (<?/). A prefix signifying <i>with</i>, <i>together</i>. See <er>Com</er>-.</def>

<h1>Col</h1>
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<hw>Col</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., neck, fr. L. <ets>collum</ets> neck.]</ety> <def>A short ridge connecting two higher elevations or mountains; the pass over such a ridge.</def>

<h1>Colaborer</h1>
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<hw>Co*la"bor*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who labors with another; an associate in labor.</def>

<h1>Colander</h1>
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<hw>Col"an*der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>colans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>colare</ets> to filter, to strain, fr. <ets>colum</ets> a strainer. Cf. <er>Cullis</er>, <er>Culvert</er>.]</ety> <def>A utensil with a bottom perforated with little holes for straining liquids, mashed vegetable pulp, etc.; a strainer of wickerwork, perfprated metal, or the like.</def>

<h1>Colation</h1>
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<hw>Co*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Colander</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of straining or filtering.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Colatitude</h1>
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<hw>Co*lat"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?; 134)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formed like <ets>cosine</ets>. See <er>Cosine</er>.]</ety> <def>The complement of the latitude, or the difference between any latitude and ninety degrees.</def>

<h1>Colature</h1>
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<hw>Col"a*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>colatura</ets>, from <ets>colare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>colature</ets>. See <er>Colander</er>.]</ety> <def>The process of straining; the matter strained; a strainer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Colbertine</h1>
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<hw>Col"ber*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Jean Baptiste <ets>Colbert</ets>, a minister of Louis XIV., who encouraged the lace manufacture in France.]</ety> <def>A kind of lace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Pinners edged with <b>colbertine</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Difference rose between
Mechlin, the queen of lace, and <b>colbertine</b>.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Colchicine</h1>
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<hw>Col"chi*cine</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>colchicine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A powerful vegetable alkaloid, <chform>C17H19NO5</chform>, extracted from the <spn>Colchicum autumnale</spn>, or meadow saffron, as a white or yellowish amorphous powder, with a harsh, bitter taste; -- called also <altname>colchicia</altname>.</def>

<h1>Colchicum</h1>
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<hw>Col"chi*cum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a plant with a poisonous root, fr. <ets>Colchicus</ets> Colchian, fr. <ets>Colchis</ets>, Gr. <?/, an ancient province in Asia, east of the Black Sea, where was the home of Media the sorceress.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of bulbous-rooted plants found in many parts of Europe, including the meadow saffron.</def>

<note>&hand; Preparations made from the poisonous bulbs and seeds, and perhaps from the flowers, of the <spn>Colchicum autumnale</spn> (meadow saffron) are used as remedies for gout and rheumatism.</note>

<h1>Colcothar</h1>
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<hw>Col"co*thar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>colcothar vitrioli</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>qolqotar</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Polishing rouge; a reddish brown oxide of iron, used in polishing glass, and also as a pigment; -- called also <altname>crocus Martis</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cold</h1>
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<hw>Cold</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Colder</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Coldest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cold</ets>, <ets>cald</ets>, AS. <ets>cald</ets>, <ets>ceald</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>kald</ets>, D. <ets>koud</ets>, G. <ets>kalt</ets>, Icel. <ets>kaldr</ets>, Dan. <ets>kold</ets>, Sw. <ets>kall</ets>, Goth. <ets>kalds</ets>, L. <ets>gelu</ets> frost, <ets>gelare</ets> to freeze. Orig. p. p. of AS. <ets>calan</ets> to be cold, Icel. <ets>kala</ets> to freeze. Cf. <er>Cool</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Chill</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Deprived of heat, or having a low temperature; not warm or hot; gelid; frigid.</def> "The snowy top of <i>cold</i> Olympis."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lacking the sensation of warmth; suffering from the absence of heat; chilly; shivering; <as>as, to be <ex>cold</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not pungent or acrid.</def> "<i>Cold</i> plants."

<i>Bacon</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Wanting in ardor, intensity, warmth, zeal, or passion; spiritless; unconcerned; reserved.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>cold</b> and unconcerned spectator.
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No <b>cold</b> relation is a zealous citizen.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Unwelcome; disagreeable; unsatisfactory.</def> "<i>Cold</i> news for me." "<i>Cold</i> comfort."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Wanting in power to excite; dull; uninteresting.</def>

<blockquote>What a deal of <b>cold</b> business doth a man misspend the better part of life in!
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The jest grows <b>cold</b> . . . when in comes on in a second scene.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Affecting the sense of smell (as of hunting dogs) but feebly; having lost its odor; <as>as, a <ex>cold</ex> scent</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Not sensitive; not acute.</def>

<blockquote>Smell this business with a sense as <b>cold</b>
As is a dead man's nose.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Distant; -- said, in the game of hunting for some object, of a seeker remote from the thing concealed.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Having a bluish effect. Cf. <er>Warm</er>, 8.</def>

<cs><col>Cold abscess</col>. <cd>See under <er>Abscess</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cold blast</col> <cd>See under <er>Blast</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd> <col>Cold blood</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Blood</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 8.</cd> -- <col>Cold chill</col>, <cd>an ague fit.</cd> <i>Wright.</i> -- <col>Cold chisel</col>, <cd>a chisel of peculiar strength and hardness, for cutting cold metal.</cd></cs> <i>Weale.</i> -- <col>Cold cream</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cream</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cold slaw</col>. <cd>See <er>Cole slaw</er>.</cd> -- <col>In cold blood</col>, <cd>without excitement or passion; deliberately.

<blockquote>He was slain in <b>cold blood</b> after thefight was over.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<col>To give one the cold shoulder</col>, <cd>to treat one with neglect.</cd></cd>

<syn>Syn. -- Gelid; bleak; frigid; chill; indifferent; unconcerned; passionless; reserved; unfeeling; stoical.</syn>

<h1>Cold</h1>
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<hw>Cold</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The relative absence of heat or warmth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sensation produced by the escape of heat; chilliness or chillness.</def>

<blockquote>When she saw her lord prepared to part,
A deadly <b>cold</b> ran shivering to her heart.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid state of the animal system produced by exposure to cold or dampness; a catarrh.</def>

<cs><col>Cold sore</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a vesicular eruption appearing about the mouth as the result of a cold, or in the course of any disease attended with fever.<-- causative virus Herpes simplex --></cd> -- <col>To leave one out in the cold</col>, <cd>to overlook or neglect him. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<hw>Cold, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become cold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Cold-blooded</h1>
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<hw>Cold"-blood`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having cold blood; -- said of fish or animals whose blood is but little warmer than the water or air about them.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deficient in sensibility or feeling; hard-hearted.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not thoroughbred; -- said of animals, as horses, which are derived from the common stock of a country.</def>

<h1>Coldfinch</h1>
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<hw>Cold"finch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A British wagtail.</def>

<h1>Cold-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Cold"-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wanting passion or feeling; indifferent.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Cold"-heart`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Coldish</h1>
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<hw>Cold"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat cold; cool; chilly.</def>

<h1>Coldly</h1>
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<hw>Cold"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a cold manner; without warmth, animation, or feeling; with indifference; calmly.</def>

<blockquote>Withdraw unto some private place,
And reason <b>coldly</b> of your grievances.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coldness</h1>
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<hw>Cold"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being cold.</def>

<h1>Cold-short</h1>
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<hw>Cold"-short`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Brittle when cold; <as>as, <ex>cold-short</ex> iron</as>.</def>

<h1>Cold-shut</h1>
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<hw>Cold"-shut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>Closed while too cold to become thoroughly welded; -- said of a forging or casting.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An imperfection caused by such insufficient welding.</def></def2>

<h1>Cole</h1>
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<hw>Cole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>col</ets>, <ets>caul</ets>, AS. <ets>cawl</ets>, <ets>cawel</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caulis</ets>, the stalk or stem of a plant, esp. a cabbage stalk, cabbage, akin to Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Cauliflower</er>, <er>Kale</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the <spn>Brassica</spn> or Cabbage genus; esp. that form of <spn>B. oleracea</spn> called <i>rape</i> and <i>coleseed</i>.</def>

<h1>Co-legatee</h1>
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<hw>Co-leg`a*tee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A joint legatee.</def>

<h1>Colegoose</h1>
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<hw>Cole"goose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Coalgoose</er>.</def>

<h1>Colemanite</h1>
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<hw>Cole"man*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From W.T. <ets>Coleman</ets> of San Francisco.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous borate of lime occurring in transparent colorless or white crystals, also massive, in Southern California.</def>

<h1>Colemouse</h1>
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<hw>Cole"mouse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Coletit</er>.</def>

<h1>Coleopter</h1>
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<hw>Co`le*op"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Coleoptera.</def>

<h1>Coleoptera</h1>
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<hw>Co`le*op"te*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ sheath-winged; <?/ sheath + <?/ wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of insects having the anterior pair of wings (elytra) hard and horny, and serving as coverings for the posterior pair, which are membranous, and folded transversely under the others when not in use. The mouth parts form two pairs of jaws (mandibles and maxill\'91) adapted for chewing. Most of the Coleoptera are known as beetles and weevils.</def>

<h1>Coleopteral, Coleopterous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Co`le*op"ter*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Co`le*op"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having wings covered with a case or sheath; belonging to the Coleoptera.</def>

<h1>Coleopteran</h1>
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<hw>Co`le*op"ter*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the order of Coleoptera.</def>

<h1>Coleopterist</h1>
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<hw>Co`le*op"ter*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in the study of the Coleoptera.</def>

<h1>Coleorhiza</h1>
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<hw>Co`le*o*rhi"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ sheath + <?/ root.]</ety> <def>A sheath in the embryo of grasses, inclosing the caulicle.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Coleperch</h1>
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<hw>Cole"perch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of small black perch.</def>

<h1>Colera</h1>
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<hw>Col"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cholera</ets>. See <er>Choler</er>.]</ety> <def>Bile; choler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Coleridgian</h1>
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<hw>Cole*ridg"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Samuel Taylor <i>Coleridge</i>, or to his poetry or metaphysics.</def>

<h1>Coleseed</h1>
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<hw>Cole"seed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The common rape or cole.</def>

<h1>Coleslaw</h1>
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<hw>Cole"slaw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>kool slaa</ets> cabbage salad.]</ety> <def>A salad made of sliced cabbage.</def>

<h1>Co-lessee</h1>
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<hw>Co`-les*see"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A partner in a lease taen.</def>

<h1>Co-lessor</h1>
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<hw>Co`-les*sor"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A partner in giving a lease.</def>

<h1>Colestaff</h1>
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<hw>Cole"staff`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Colstaff</er>.</def>

<h1>Colet, Collet</h1>
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<hw><hw>Col"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Col"let</hw><hw><ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>acolyte</ets>.]</ety> <def>An inferior church servant. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Acolyte</er>.</def>

<h1>Coletit or Coaltit</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cole"tit`</hw> or <hw>Coal"tit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European titmouse (<spn>Parus ater</spn>), so named from its black color; -- called also <altname>coalmouse</altname> and <altname>colemouse</altname>.</def>

<h1>Coleus</h1>
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<hw>Co"le*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a sheath; -- referring to the manner in which the stamens are united.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of several species of the Mint family, cultivated for its bright-colored or variegated leaves.</def>

<h1>Colewort</h1>
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<hw>Cole"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cawlwyrt</ets>; <ets>cawl</ets> cole + <ets>wyrt</ets> wort. Cf. <er>Collards</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A variety of cabbage in which the leaves never form a compact head.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any white cabbage before the head has become firm.</def>

<h1>Colfox</h1>
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<hw>Col"fox`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A crafty fox.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Colic</h1>
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<hw>Col"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. colique, fr. L. colicus sick with the colic, GR. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, the colon. The disease is so named from its being seated in or near the colon. See <er>Colon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A severe paroxysmal pain in the abdomen, due to spasm, obstruction, or distention of some one of the hollow viscera.</def>

<cs><col>Hepatic colic</col>, <cd>the severe pain produced by the passage of a gallstone from the liver or gall bladder through the bile duct.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Intestinal colic</col>, &or; <col>Ordinary colic</col></mcol>, <cd>pain due to distention of the intestines by gas.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Lead colic</col>, <col>Painter's colic</col></mcol>, <cd>a violent form of intestinal colic, associated with obstinate constipation, produced by chronic lead poisoning.</cd> -- <col>Renal colic</col>, <cd>the severe pain produced by the passage of a calculus from the kidney through the ureter.</cd> -- <col>Wind colic</col>. <cd>See <cref>Intestinal colic</cref>, above.</cd></cs>

<h1>Colic</h1>
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<hw>Col"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to colic; affecting the bowels.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the colon; <as>as, the <ex>colic</ex> arteries</as>.</def>

<h1>Colical</h1>
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<hw>Col"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of, colic.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Colicky</h1>
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<hw>Col"ick*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or troubled with, colic; <as>as, a <ex>colicky</ex> disorder</as>.</def>

<h1>Colicroot</h1>
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<hw>Col"ic*root`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bitter American herb of the Bloodwort family, with the leaves all radical, and the small yellow or white flowers in a long spike (<spn>Aletris farinosa</spn> and <spn>A. aurea</spn>). Called sometimes <i>star grass</i>, <i>blackroot</i>, <i>blazing star</i>, and <i>unicorn root</i>.</def>

<h1>Colin</h1>
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<hw>Col"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>colin</ets>; prop. a dim. of <ets>Colas</ets>, contr. fr. <ets>Nicolas</ets> Nicholas.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American quail or bobwhite. The name is also applied to other related species. See <er>Bobwhite</er>.</def>

<h1>Coliseum</h1>
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<hw>Col`i*se"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. (cf. It. <ets>coliseo</ets>, <ets>colosseo</ets>), fr. L. <ets>colosseus</ets> colossal, fr. <ets>colossus</ets> a colossus. See <er>Colossus</er>, and cf. <er>Colosseum</er>.]</ety> <def>The amphitheater of Vespasian at Rome, the largest in the world.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Colosseum</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Colitis</h1>
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<hw>Co*li"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inflammation of the large intestine, esp. of its mucous membrane; colonitis.</def>

<h1>Coll</h1>
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<hw>Coll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>coler</ets>, fr. L. <ets>collum</ets> neck.]</ety> <def>To embrace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "They <i>coll</i> and kiss him."

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Collaborateur</h1>
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<hw>Col*la`bo*ra*teur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Collaborator</er>.</def>

<h1>Collaboration</h1>
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<hw>Col*lab`o*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act ofworking together; united labor.</def>

<h1>Collaborator</h1>
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<hw>Col*lab"o*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>collaborare</ets> to labor together; <ets>col-</ets> + <ets>laborare</ets> to labor: cf. F. <ets>collaborateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>An associate in labor, especially in literary or scientific labor.</def>

<h1>Collagen</h1>
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<hw>Col"la*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ glue + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>The chemical basis of ordinary connective tissue, as of tendons or sinews and of bone. On being boiled in water it becomes gelatin or glue.</def>

<h1>Collagenous</h1>
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<hw>Col*lag"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Containing or resembling collagen.</def>

<h1>Collapse</h1>
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<hw>Col*lapse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Collapsed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Collapsing</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>collapsus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>collabi</ets> to collapse; <ets>col-</ets> + <ets>labi</ets> to fall, slide. See <er>Lapse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fall together suddenly, as the sides of a hollow vessel; to close by falling or shrinking together; to have the sides or parts of (a thing) fall in together, or be crushed in together; <as>as, a flue in the boiler of a steam engine sometimes <ex>collapses</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>A balloon <b>collapses</b> when the gas escapes from it.
<i>Maunder.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fail suddenly and completely, like something hollow when subject to too much pressure; to undergo a collapse; <as>as, Maximilian's government <ex>collapsed</ex> soon after the French army left Mexico; many financial projects <ex>collapse</ex> after attaining some success and importance.</as></def>

<h1>Collapse</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Col*lapse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A falling together suddenly, as of the sides of a hollow vessel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sudden and complete failure; an utter failure of any kind; a breakdown.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Extreme depression or sudden failing o<?/ all the vital powers, as the result of disease, injury, or nervous disturbance.</def>

<h1>Collapsion</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Col*lap"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>collapsio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Collapse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Collar</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Col"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>coler</ets>, <ets>coller</ets>, OF. <ets>colier</ets>, F. <ets>collier</ets>, necklace, collar, fr. OF. <ets>col</ets> neck, F. <ets>cou</ets>, fr. L. <ets>collum</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>heals</ets>, G. & Goth. <ets>hals</ets>. Cf. <er>Hals</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something worn round the neck, whether for use, ornament, restraint, or identification; <as>as, the <ex>collar</ex> of a coat; a lady's <ex>collar</ex>; the <ex>collar</ex> of a dog.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A ring or cinture.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A collar beam.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The neck or line of junction between the root of a plant and its stem.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An ornament worn round the neck by knights, having on it devises to designate their rank or order.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A ringlike part of a mollusk in connection with esophagus.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A colored ring round the neck of a bird or mammal.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A ring or round flange upon, surrounding, or against an object, and used for rastraining motion within given limits, or for holding something to its place, or for hibing an opening around an object; <as>as, a <ex>collar</ex> on a shaft, used to prevent endwise motion of the shaft; a <ex>collar</ex> surrounding a stovepipe at the place where it enters a wall. The flanges of a piston and the gland of a stuffing box are sometimes called <ex>collars</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An eye formed in the bight or bend of a shroud or stay to go over the masthead; also, a rope to which certain parts of rigging, as dead-eyes, are secured.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A curb, or a horizontal timbering, around the mouth of a shaft.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<cs><col>Collar beam</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a horizontal piece of timber connecting and tying together two opposite rafters; -- also, called simply <i>collar<i>.</cd> -- <col>Collar of brawn</col>, <cd>the quantity of brawn bound up in one parcel. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd> <i>Johnson.</i> -- <col>Collar day</col>, <cd>a day of great ceremony at the English court, when persons, who are dignitaries of honorary orders, wear the collars of those orders.</cd> -- <col>To slip the collar</col>, <cd>to get free; to disentangle one's self from difficulty, labor, or engagement.</cd></cs>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Collar</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Col"lar</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Collared</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Collaring</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To seize by the collar.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put a collar on.</def>

<cs><col>To collar beef</col> (or other meat), <cd>to roll it up, and bind it close with a string preparatory to cooking it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Collar bone</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Col"lar bone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The clavicle.</def>

<h1>Collards</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Col"lards</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>colewort</ets>.]</ety> <def>Young cabbage, used as "greens"; esp. a kind cultivated for that purpose; colewort.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Souther U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Collared</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Col"lared</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wearing a collar.</def> "<i>Collared</i> with gold."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Wearing a collar; -- said of a man or beast used as a bearing when a collar is represented as worn around the neck or loins.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Rolled up and bound close with a string; <as>as, <ex>collared</ex> beef</as>. See <cref>To collar beef</cref>, under <er>Collar</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Collatable</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Col*lat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being collated.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Collate</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Col*late"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Collated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Collating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Collation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To compare critically, as books or manuscripts, in order to note the points of agreement or disagreement.</def>

<blockquote>I must <b>collage</b> it, word, with the original Hebrew.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To gather and place in order, as the sheets of a book for binding.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>To present and institute in a benefice, when the person presenting is both the patron and the ordinary; -- followed by <i>to</i>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To bestow or confer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Collate</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Col*late"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Ecl.)</fld> <def>To place in a benefice, when the person placing is both the patron and the ordinary.</def>

<blockquote>If the bishop neglets to <b>collate</b> within six months, the right to do it devolves on the archbishop.
<i>Encyc. Brit.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Collateral</h1>
<Xpage=276>

<hw>Col*lat"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>collateralis</ets>; <ets>col-</ets> + <ets>lateralis</ets> lateral. See <er>Lateral</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Coming from, being on, or directed toward, the side; <as>as, <ex>collateral</ex> pressure</as>.</def> "<i>Collateral</i> light."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Acting in an indirect way.</def>

<blockquote>If by direct or by <b>collateral</b> hand
They find us touched, we will our kingdom give . . .
To you in satisfaction.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Related to, but not strictly a part of, the main thing or matter under consideration; hence, subordinate; not chief or principal; <as>as, <ex>collateral</ex> interest; <ex>collateral</ex> issues.</as></def>

<blockquote>That he [Attebury] was altogether in the wrong on the main question, and on all the <b>collateral</b> questions springing out of it, . . . is true.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Tending toward the same conclusion or result as something else; additional; <as>as, <ex>collateral</ex> evidence</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Yet the attempt may give
<b>Collateral</b> interest to this homely tale.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Genealogy)</fld> <def>Descending from the same stock or ancestor, but not in the same line or branch or one from the other; -- opposed to <i>lineal</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Lineal</i> descendants proceed one from another in a direct line; <i>collateral</i> relations spring from a common ancestor, but from different branches of that common <i>stirps</i> or stock. Thus the children of brothers are <i>collateral</i> relations, having different fathers, but a common grandfather.</note>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<hr>
<page="278">
Page 278<p>

<cs><col>Collateral assurance</col>, <cd>that which is made, over and above the deed itself.</cd> -- <col>Collateral circulation</col> <fld>(Med. & Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>circulation established through indirect or subordinate branches when the supply through the main vessel is obstructed.</cd> -- <col>Collateral issue</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An issue taken upon a matter aside from the merits of the case.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An issue raised by a criminal convict who pleads any matter allowed by law in bar of execution, as pardon, diversity of person, etc.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A point raised, on cross-examination, aside from the issue fixed by the pleadings, as to which the answer of the witness, when given, cannot subsequently be contradicted by the party asking the question.</cd> -- <col>Collateral security</col>, <cd>security for the performance of covenants, or the payment of money, besides the principal security,</cd></cs>
<-- collateral damage (Mil.) damage caused by a military operation, such as a bombing, to objects or persons not themselves the intended target of the attack. -->

<h1>Collateral</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*lat"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A collateral relative.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Collateral security; that which is pledged or deposited as collateral security.</def>

<h1>Collaterally</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*lat"er*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Side by side; by the side.</def>

<blockquote>These pulleys . . . placed <b>collaterally</b>.
<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In an indirect or subordinate manner; indirectly.</def>

<blockquote>The will hath force upon the conscience <b>collaterally</b> and indirectly.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In collateral relation; not lineally.</def>

<h1>Collateralness</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*lat"er*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being collateral.</def>

<h1>Collation</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>collacioun</ets> speech, conference, reflection, OF. <ets>collacion</ets>, F. <ets>collation</ets>, fr. L. <ets>collatio</ets> a bringing together, comparing, fr. <ets>collatum</ets> (used as the supine of <ets>conferre</ets>); <ets>col-</ets> + <ets>latium</ets> (used as the supine of <ets>ferre</ets> to bear), for <ets>tlatum</ets>. See <er>Tolerate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of collating or comparing; a comparison of one copy er thing (as of a book, or manuscript) with another of a like kind; comparison, in general.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The gathering and examination of sheets preparatory to binding.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of conferring or bestowing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Not by the <b>collation</b> of the king . . . but by the people.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A conference.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>The presentation of a clergyman to a benefice by a bishop, who has it in his own gift.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of comparing the copy of any paper with its original to ascertain its conformity.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The report of the act made by the proper officers.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The right which an heir has of throwing the whole heritable and movable estates of the deceased into one mass, and sharing it equaly with others who are of the same degree of kindred.</def>

<note>&hand; This also obtains in the civil law, and is found in the code of Louisiana.</note>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Eccles.)</fld> <def>A collection of the Lives of the Fathers or other devout work read daily in monasteries.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A light repast or luncheon; <as>as, a cold <ex>collation</ex></as>; -- first applied to the refreshment on fast days that accompanied the reading of the collation in monasteries.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>collation</b> of wine and sweetmeats.
<i>Whiston.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Collation of seals</col> <fld>(Old Law)</fld>, <cd>a method of ascertaining the genuineness of a seal by comparing it with another known to be genuine.</cd>

<i>Bouvier.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Collation</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*la"tion</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To partake of a collation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>May 20, 1658, I . . . <b>collationed</b> in Spring Garden.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Collationer</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*la"tion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>One who examines the sheets of a book that has just been printed, to ascertain whether they are correctly printed, paged, etc.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Collatitious</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col`la*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>collatitius</ets>. See <er>Collation</er>.]</ety> <def>Brought together; contributed; done by contributions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Collative</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*la"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>collativus</ets> brought together. ]</ety> <def>Passing or held by collation; -- said of livings of which the bishop and the patron are the same person.</def>

<h1>Collator</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*la"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who collates manuscripts, books, etc.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>One who collates to a benefice.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who confers any benefit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Collaud</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*laud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>collaudare</ets>; <ets>col-</ets> + <ets>laudare</ets> to praise.]</ety> <def>To join in praising.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Colleague</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col"league</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>coll</ets>\'b5<ets>gue</ets>, L. <ets>collega</ets> one chosen at the same time with another, a partner in office; <ets>col-</ets> + <ets>legare</ets> to send or choose as deputy. See <er>Legate</er>.]</ety> <def>A partner or associate in some civil or ecclesiastical office or employment. It is never used of partners in trade or manufactures.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Helper; assistant; coadjutor; ally; associate; companion; confederate.</syn>

<h1>Colleague</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*league"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.t & i.</tt> <def>To unite or associate with another or with others.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Colleagueship</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col"league*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Partnership in office.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Collect</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*lect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Collected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Collecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>collecrus</ets>, <tt>p. p.</tt> of <ets>collerige</ets> to bind together; <ets>col-</ets> + <ets>legere</ets> to gather: cf. OF. <ets>collecter</ets>. See <er>Legend</er>, and cf. <er>Coil</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Cull</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To gather into one body or place; to assemble or bring together; to obtain by gathering.</def>

<blockquote>A band of men
<b>Collected</b> choicely from each country.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>'Tis memory alone that enriches the mind, by preserving what our labor and industry daily <b>collect</b>.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To demand and obtain payment of, as an account, or other indebtedness; <as>as, to <ex>collect</ex> taxes</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To infer from observed facts; to conclude from premises.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Which sequence, I conceive, is very ill <b>collected</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To collect one's self</col>, <cd>to recover from surprise, embarrassment, or fear; to regain self-control.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To gather; assemble; congregate; muster; accumulate; garner; aggregate; amass; infer; deduce.</syn>

<h1>Collect</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*lect"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To assemble together; <as>as, the people <ex>collected</ex> in a crowd; to accumulate; <as>as, snow <ex>collects</ex> in banks</as>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To infer; to conclude.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Whence some <b>collect</b> that the former word imports a plurality of persons.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Collect</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col"lect</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>collecta</ets>, fr. L. <ets>collecta</ets> a collection in money; an assemblage, fr. <ets>collerige</ets>: cf. F. <ets>collecte</ets>. See <er>Collect</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A short, comprehensive prayer, adapted to a particular day, occasion, or condition, and forming part of a liturgy.</def>

<blockquote>The noble poem on the massacres of Piedmont is strictly a <b>collect</b> in verse.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Collectanea</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col`lec*ta"ne*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Neut. pl. from L. <ets>collectaneus</ets> collected, fr. <ets>colligere</ets>. See <er>Collect</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Passages selected from various authors, usually for purposes of instruction; miscellany; anthology.</def>

<h1>Collected</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*lect"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Gathered together.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Self-possessed; calm; composed.</def>

<h1>Collectedly</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*lect"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Composedly; coolly.</def>

<h1>Collectedness</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*lect"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A collected state of the mind; self-possession.</def>

<h1>Collectible</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*lect"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being collected.</def>

<h1>Collection</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*lec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>collectio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>collection</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of collecting or of gathering; <as>as, the <ex>collection</ex> of specimens</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is collected; as: <sd>(a)</sd> A gathering or assemblage of objects or of persons.</def> "A <i>collection</i> of letters."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A gathering of money for charitable or other purposes, as by passing a contribution box for freewill offerings.</def> "The <i>collection</i> for the saints."

<i>1 Cor. xvi. 1</i>

<sd>(c)</sd> (<i>Usually in pl</i>.) <def>That which is obtained in payment of demands. <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>An accumulation of any substance.</cd> "<i>Collections</i> of moisture." <i>Whewell.</i></def> "A purulent <i>collection</i>."

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of inferring or concluding from premises or observed facts; also, that which is inferred.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We may safely say thus, that wrong <b>collections</b> have been hitherto made out of those words by modern divines.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The jurisdiction of a collector of excise.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Gathering; assembly; assemblage; group; crowd; congregation; mass; heap; compilation.</syn>

<h1>Collectional</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*lec"tion*al</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to collecting.</def>

<blockquote>The first twenty-five [years] must have been wasted for <b>collectional</b> purposes.
<i>H. A. Merewether.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Collective</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*lect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>collectivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>collectif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Formed by gathering or collecting; gathered into a mass, sum, or body; congregated or aggregated; <as>as, the <er>collective</er> body of a nation</as>.</def>

<i>Bp. Hoadley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deducing consequences; reasoning; inferring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Critical and <i>collective</i> reason."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Expressing a collection or aggregate of individuals, by a singular form; <as>as, a <ex>collective</ex> name or noun, like <ex>assembly</ex>, <ex>army</ex>, <ex>juri</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Tending to collect; forming a collection.</def>

<blockquote>Local is his throne . . . to fix a point,
A central point, <b>collective</b> of his sons.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Having plurality of origin or authority; <as>as, in diplomacy, a note signed by the representatives of several governments is called a <ex>collective</ex> note</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Collective fruit</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>that which is formed from a mass of flowers, as the mulberry, pineapple, and the like; -- called also <altname>multiple fruit</altname>.</cd></cs>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Collective</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*lect"ive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A collective noun or name.</def>

<h1>Collectively</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*lect"ive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a mass, or body; in a collected state; in the aggregate; unitedly.</def>

<h1>Collectiveness</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*lect"ive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of union; mass.</def>

<h1>Collectivism</h1>
<Xpage=278>

<hw>Col*lect"iv*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>collectivisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Polit. Econ.)</fld> <def>The doctrine that land and capital should be owned by society collectively or as a whole; communism.</def>

<i>W. G. Summer.</i>

<h1>Collectivist</h1>
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<hw>Col*lect"iv*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>collectiviste</ets>.]</ety> <def>An advocate of collectivism.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt>  <def>Relating to, or characteristic of, collectivism.</def></def2>

<h1>Collector</h1>
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<hw>Col*lect"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>collector</ets> one who collects: cf. F. <ets>collecteur</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who collects things which are separate; esp., one who makes a business or practice of collecting works of art, objects in natural history, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>collector</ex> of coins</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I digress into Soho to explore a bookstall. Methinks I have been thirty years a <b>collector</b>.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A compiler of books; one who collects scattered passages and puts them together in one book.</def>

<blockquote>Volumes without the <b>collector's</b> own reflections.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>An officer appointed and commissioned to collect and receive customs, duties, taxes, or toll.</def>

<blockquote>A great part of this is now embezzled . . . by <b>collectors</b>, and other officers.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One authorized to collect debts.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A bachelor of arts in Oxford, formerly appointed to superintend some scholastic proceedings in Lent.</def>

<i>Todd.</i>

<h1>Collectorate</h1>
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<hw>Col*lect"or*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The district of a collector of customs; a collectorship.</def>

<h1>Collectorship</h1>
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<hw>Col*lect"or*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a collector of customs or of taxes.</def>

<h1>Collegatary</h1>
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<hw>Col*leg"a*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>collegetarius</ets>. See <er>Legatary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A joint legatee.</def>

<h1>College</h1>
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<hw>Col"lege</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>coll\'8age</ets>, L. <ets>collegium</ets>, fr. <ets>collega</ets> colleague. See <er>Colleague</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A collection, body, or society of persons engaged in common pursuits, or having common duties and interests, and sometimes, by charter, peculiar rights and privileges; <as>as, a <ex>college</ex> of heralds; a <ex>college</ex> of electors; a <ex>college</ex> of bishops.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>college</b> of the cardinals.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Then they made <b>colleges</b> of sufferers; persons who, to secure their inheritance in the world to come, did cut off all their portion in this.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A society of scholars or friends of learning, incorporated for study or instruction, esp. in the higher branches of knowledge; <as>as, the <ex>colleges</ex> of Oxford and Cambridge Universities, and many American <ex>colleges</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; In France and some other parts of continental Europe, <i>college</i> is used to include schools occupied with rudimentary studies, and receiving children as pupils.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A building, or number of buildings, used by a college.</def> "The gate of Trinity <i>College</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fig.: A community.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thick as the <b>college</b> of the bees in May.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>College of justice</col>, <cd>a term applied in Scotland to the supreme civil courts and their principal officers.</cd> -- <col>The sacred college</col>, <cd>the college or cardinals at Rome.</cd></cs>

<h1>Collegial</h1>
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<hw>Col*le"gi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>collegialis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Collegiate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Collegian</h1>
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<hw>Col*le"gi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A member of a college, particularly of a literary institution so called; a student in a college.</def>

<h1>Collegiate</h1>
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<hw>Col*le"gi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>collegiatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a college; <as>as, <ex>collegiate</ex> studies; a <ex>collegiate</ex> society.</as></def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<cs><col>Collegiate church</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A church which, although not a bishop's seat, resembles a cathedral in having a <i>college<i>, or chapter of canons (and, in the Church of England, a dean), as Westminster Abbey.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An association of churches, possessing common revenues and administered under the joint pastorate of several ministers; <as>as, the Reformed (Dutch) <i>Collegiate Church<i> of New York.</as></cd></cs>

<h1>Collegiate</h1>
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<hw>Col*le"gi*ate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A member of a college.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Collembola</h1>
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<hw>Col*lem"bo*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ glue + <?/ wedge, peg; -- so called from their having collophores.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of Thysanura which includes <i>Podura</i>, and allied forms.</def>

<h1>Collenchyma</h1>
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<hw>Col*len"chy*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ glue + <?/ an infusion. Formed like <ets>parenchyma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tissue of vegetable cells which are thickend at the angles and (usually) elongated.</def>

<h1>Collet</h1>
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<hw>Col"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>collet</ets>, dim. fr. L. <ets>collum</ets> neck. See <er>Collar</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small collar or neckband.</def>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A small metal ring; a small collar fastened on an arbor; <as>as, the <ex>collet</ex> on the balance arbor of a watch</as>; a small socket on a stem, for holding a drill.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Jewelry)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The part of a ring containing the bezel in which the stone is set.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The flat table at the base of a brilliant. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Brilliant</er>.</def>

<blockquote>How full the <b>collet</b> with his jewel is!
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Colleterial</h1>
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<hw>Col`le*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the colleterium of insects.</def>

<i>R. Owen.</i>

<h1>Colleterium</h1>
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<hw>Col`le*te"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Colletic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An organ of female insects, containing a cement to unite the ejected ova.</def>

<h1>Colletic</h1>
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<hw>Col*let"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>colleticus</ets> suitable for gluing, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to glue, <?/ glue.]</ety> <def>Agglutinant.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An agglutinant.</def></def2>

<h1>Colley</h1>
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<hw>Col"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Collie</er>.</def>

<h1>Collide</h1>
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<hw>Col*lide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>collidere</ets>, <ets>collisum</ets>; <ets>col-</ets> + <ets>laedere</ets> to strike. See <er>Lesion</er>.]</ety> <def>To strike or dash against each other; to come into collision; to clash; <as>as, the vessels <ex>collided</ex>; their interests <ex>collided</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Across this space the attraction urges them. They <b>collide</b>, they recoil, they oscillate.
<i>Tyndall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No longer rocking and swaying, but clashing and <b>colliding</b>.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Collide</h1>
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<hw>Col*lide"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To strike or dash against.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Scintillations are . . . inflammable effluencies from the bodies <b>collided</b>.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Collidine</h1>
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<hw>Col"li*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ glue.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a class of organic bases, <chform>C8H11N</chform>, usually pungent oily liquids, belonging to the pyridine series, and obtained from bone oil, coal tar, naphtha, and certain alkaloids.</def>

<h1>Collie</h1>
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<hw>Col"lie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>cuilean</ets> whelp, puppy, dog.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Scotch shepherd dog. There are two breeds, the rough-haired and smooth-haired. It is remarkable for its intelligence, displayed especially in caring for flocks.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>colly</asp>, <asp>colley</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Collied</h1>
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<hw>Col"lied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. & a.</tt> <def>Darkened. See <er>Colly</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Collier</h1>
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<hw>Col"lier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>colier</ets>. See <er>Coal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One engaged in the business of digging mineral coal or making charcoal, or in transporting or dealing in coal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vessel employed in the coal trade.</def>

<h1>Colliery</h1>
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<hw>Col"lier*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.  <plw>Collieries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. <er>Coalery</er>, <er>Collier</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The place where coal is dug; a coal mine, and the buildings, etc., belonging to it.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The coal trade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Colliflower</h1>
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<hw>Col"li*flow`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cauliflower</er>.</def>

<h1>Colligate</h1>
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<hw>Col"li*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Colligated</er>; <tt>p. pr. &  vb. n.</tt> <er>Colligating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>colligatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>colligare</ets> to collect; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>ligare</ets> to bind.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To tie or bind together.</def>

<blockquote>The pieces of isinglass are <b>colligated</b> in rows.
<i>Nicholson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>To bring together by colligation; to sum up in a single proposition.</def>

<blockquote>He had discovered and <b>colligated</b> a multitude of the most wonderful . . . phenomena.
<i>Tundall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Colligate</h1>
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<hw>Col"li*gate</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bound together.</def>

<h1>Colligation</h1>
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<hw>Col`li*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>colligatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A binding together.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>That process by which a number of isolated facts are brought under one conception, or summed up in a general proposition, as when Kepler discovered that the various observed positions of the planet Mars were points in an ellipse.</def> "The <i>colligation</i> of facts."

<i>Whewell.</i>

<blockquote><b>Colligation</b> is not always induction, but induction is always <b>colligation</b>.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Collimate</h1>
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<hw>Col"li*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Collimated</er>; <tt>p. p. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Collimating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Collimation</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics & Astron.)</fld> <def>To render parallel to a certain line or direction; to bring into the same line, as the axes of telescopes, etc.; to render parallel, as rays of light.</def>

<hr>
<page="279">
Page 279<p>

<cs><col>Collimating eyepiece</col>, <cd>an eyepiece with a diagonal reflector for illumination, used to determine the error of collimation in a transit instrument by observing the image of a cross wire reflected from mercury, and comparing its position in the field with that of the same wire seen directly.</cd> -- <col>Collimating lens</col> <fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>a lens used for producing parallel rays of light.</cd></cs>

<h1>Collimation</h1>
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<hw>Col`li*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>collimation</ets>, fr. a false reading (<ets>collimare</ets>) for L. <ets>collineare</ets> to direct in a straight line; <ets>col-</ets> + linea line. Cf. <er>Collineation</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of collimating; the adjustment of the line of the sights, as the axial line of the telescope of an instrument, into its proper position relative to the other parts of the instrument.</def>

<cs><col>Error of collimation</col>, <cd>the deviation of the line collimation of an astronomical instrument from the position it ought to have with respect to the axis of motion of the instrument.</cd> -- <col>Line of collimation</col>, <cd>the axial line of the telescope of an astronomical or geodetic instrument, or the line which passes through the optical center of the object glass and the intersection of the cross wires at its focus.</cd></cs>

<h1>Collimator</h1>
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<hw>Col"li*ma`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A telescope arranged and used to determine errors of collimation, both vertical and horizontal.</def>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Optics)</fld> <def>A tube having a convex lens at one end and at the other a small opening or slit which is at the principal focus of the lens, used for producing a beam of parallel rays; also, a lens so used.</def>

<h1>Collin</h1>
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<hw>Col"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ glue.]</ety> <def>A very pure form of gelatin.</def>

<h1>Colline</h1>
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<hw>Col"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>colline</ets>, fr. L. <ets>collis</ets> a hill.]</ety> <def>A small hill or mount.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And watered park, full of fine <b>collines</b> and ponds.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Collineation</h1>
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<hw>Col*lin`e*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>collineare</ets> to direct in a straight line. See <er>Collimation</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of aiming at, or directing in a line with, a fixed object.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Colling</h1>
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<hw>Coll"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Coll</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>An embrace; dalliance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Collingly</h1>
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<hw>Coll"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With embraces.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gascoigne.</i>

<h1>Collingual</h1>
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<hw>Col*lin"gual</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having, or pertaining to, the same language.</def>

<h1>Colliquable</h1>
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<hw>Col*liq"ua*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Liable to melt, grow soft, or become fluid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Colliquament</h1>
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<hw>Col*liq"ua*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The first rudiments of an embryo in generation.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Colliquate</h1>
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<hw>Col"li*quate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Colliquated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Colliquating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>col-</ets> + L. <ets>liquare</ets>, <ets>liquatum</ets>, to melt.]</ety> <def>To change from solid to fluid; to make or become liquid; to melt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The ore of it is <b>colliquated</b> by the violence of the fire.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[Ice] will <b>colliquate</b> in water or warm oil.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Colliquation</h1>
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<hw>Col`li*qua"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A melting together; the act of melting; fusion.</def>

<blockquote>When sand and ashes are well melted together and suffered to cool, there is generated, by the <b>colliquation</b>, that sort of concretion we call "glass".
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A processive wasting or melting away of the solid parts of the animal system with copious excretions of liquids by one or more passages.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Colliquative</h1>
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<hw>Col*liq"ua*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing rapid waste or exhaustion; melting; <as>as, <ex>collequative</ex> sweats</as>.</def>

<h1>Colliquefaction</h1>
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<hw>Col*liq`ue*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>colliquefactus</ets> melted; <ets>col-</ets> + <ets>liquefacere</ets>; <ets>liqu\'c7re</ets> to be liquid + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>A melting together; the reduction of different bodies into one mass by fusion.</def>

<blockquote>The incorporation of metals by simple <b>colliquefaction</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Collish</h1>
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<hw>Col"lish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Shoemaking)</fld> <def>A tool to polish the edge of a sole.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Collision</h1>
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<hw>Col*li"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>collisio</ets>, fr. <ets>collidere</ets>. See <er>Collide</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of striking together; a striking together, as of two hard bodies; a violent meeting, as of railroad trains; a clashing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of opposition; antagonism; interference.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>collision</b> of contrary false principles.
<i>Bp. Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sensitive to the most trifling <b>collisions</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Conflict; clashing; encounter; opposition.</syn>

<h1>Collisive</h1>
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<hw>Col*li"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Colliding; clashing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Collitigant</h1>
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<hw>Col*lit"i*gant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disputing or wrangling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One who litigates or wrangles.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></def2>

<h1>Collocate</h1>
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<hw>Col"lo*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>collocatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>collocare</ets>. See <er>Couch</er>.]</ety> <def>Set; placed. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Collocate</h1>
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<hw>Col"lo*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Collocated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Collocating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To set or place; to set; to station.</def>
<-- sic.  why is set repeated? -->

<blockquote>To marshal and <b>collocate</b> in order his battalions.
<i>E. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Collocation</h1>
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<hw>Col`lo*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>collocatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of placing; the state of being placed with something else; disposition in place; arrangement.</def>

<blockquote>The choice and <b>collocation</b> of words.
<i>Sir W. Jones.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Collocution</h1>
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<hw>Col`lo*cu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>collocutio</ets>, fr. <ets>colloqui</ets>, <ets>-locutum</ets>, to converse; <ets>col-</ets> + <ets>loqui</ets> to speak. See <er>Loquacious</er>.]</ety> <def>A speaking or conversing together; conference; mutual discourse.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Collocutor</h1>
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<hw>Col"lo*cu`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>collocutor</ets>]</ety> <def>One of the speakers in a dialogue.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Collodion</h1>
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<hw>Col*lo"di*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ like glue; <?/ glue + <?/ form. Cf. <er>Colloid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A solution of pyroxylin (soluble gun cotton) in ether containing a varying proportion of alcohol. It is strongly adhesive, and is used by surgeons as a containing for wounds; but its chief application is as a vehicle for the sensitive film in photography.</def>

<cs><col>Collodion process</col> <fld>(Photog.)</fld>, <cd>a process in which a film of sensitized collodion is used in preparing the plate for taking a picture.</cd> -- <col>Styptic collodion</col>, <cd>collodion containing an astringent, as tannin.</cd></cs>

<h1>Collodionize</h1>
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<hw>Col*lo"di*on*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To prepare or treat with collodion.</def>

<i>R. Hunt.</i>

<h1>Collodiotype</h1>
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<hw>Col*lo"di*o*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A picture obtained by the collodion process; a melanotype or ambrotype.</def>

<h1>Collodium</h1>
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<hw>Col*lo"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Collodion</er>.</def>

<h1>Collogue</h1>
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<hw>Col*logue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>colloqui</ets> and E. <ets>dialogue</ets>. Cf. <er>Collocution</er>.]</ety> <def>To talk or confer secretly and confidentially; to converse, especially with evil intentions; to plot mischief.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Pray go in; and, sister, salve the matter,
<b>Collogue</b> with her again, and all shall be well.
<i>Greene.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He had been <b>colloguing</b> with my wife.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Colloid</h1>
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<hw>Col"loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ glue + <ets>-oid</ets>. Cf. <er>Collodion</er>.]</ety> <def>Resembling glue or jelly; characterized by a jellylike appearance; gelatinous; <as>as, <ex>colloid</ex> tumors</as>.</def>

<h1>Colloid</h1>
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<hw>Col"loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance (as albumin, gum, gelatin, etc.) which is of a gelatinous rather than a crystalline nature, and which diffuses itself through animal membranes or vegetable parchment more slowly than crystalloids do; -- opposed to <i>crystalloid</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A gelatinous substance found in colloid degeneration and colloid cancer.</def>

<cs><col>Styptic colloid</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a preparation of astringent and antiseptic substances with some colloid material, as collodion, for ready use.</cd></cs>

<h1>Colloidal</h1>
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<hw>Col*loid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, colloids.</def>

<h1>Colloidality</h1>
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<hw>Col`loi*dal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being colloidal.</def>

<h1>Collop</h1>
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<hw>Col"lop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain origin; cf. OF. <ets>colp</ets> blow, stroke, piece, F. <ets>coup</ets>, fr. L. <ets>colophus</ets> buffet, cuff, Gr. <?/]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>colp</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small slice of meat; a piece of flesh.</def>

<blockquote>God knows thou art a <b>collop</b> of my flesh.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sweetbread and <b>collops</b> were with skewers pricked.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A part or piece of anything; a portion.</def>

<blockquote>Cut two good <b>collops</b> out of the crown land.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Colloped</h1>
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<hw>Col"loped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having ridges or bunches of flesh, like collops.</def>

<blockquote>With that red, gaunt, and <b>colloped</b> neck astrain.
<i>R. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Collophore</h1>
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<hw>Col"lo*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ glue + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A suckerlike organ at the base of the abdomen of insects belonging to the Collembola.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An adhesive marginal organ of the Lucernariae.</def>

<h1>Colloquial</h1>
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<hw>Col*lo"qui*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Colloqui</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or used in, conversation, esp. common and familiar conversation; conversational; hence, unstudied; informal; <as>as, <ex>colloquial</ex> intercourse; <ex>colloquial</ex> phrases; a <ex>colloquial</ex> style.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Col*lo"qui*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>His [Johnson's] <b>colloquial</b> talents were, indeed, of the highest order.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Colloquialism</h1>
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<hw>Col*lo"qui*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A colloquial expression, not employed in formal discourse or writing.</def>

<h1>Colloquialize</h1>
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<hw>Col*lo"qui*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make colloquial and familiar; <as>as, to <ex>colloquialize</ex> one's style of writing</as>.</def>

<h1>Colloquist</h1>
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<hw>Col"lo*quist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A speaker in a colloquy or dialogue.</def>

<i>Malone.</i>

<h1>Colloquy</h1>
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<hw>Col"lo*quy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Colloquies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>colloquium</ets>. See <er>Collocution</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mutual discourse of two or more persons; conference; conversation.</def>

<blockquote>They went to Worms, to the <b>colloquy</b> there about religion.
<i>A. Wood.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In some American colleges, a part in exhibitions, assigned for a certain scholarship rank; a designation of rank in collegiate scholarship.</def>

<h1>Collow</h1>
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<hw>Col"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Soot; smut. See 1st <er>Colly</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Colluctancy</h1>
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<hw>Col*luc"tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>colluctari</ets> to struggle with.]</ety> <def>A struggling to resist; a striving against; resistance; opposition of nature.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Colluctation</h1>
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<hw>Col`luc*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>colluctatio</ets>, fr. <ets>colluctari</ets> to struggle with; <ets>col-</ets> + <ets>luctari</ets> to struggle.]</ety> <def>A struggling; a contention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Colluctation</b> with old hags and hobgoblins.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Collude</h1>
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<hw>Col*lude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Colluded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Colluding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>colludere</ets>, <ets>-lusum</ets>; <ets>col-</ets> + <ets>ludere</ets> to play. See <er>Ludicrous</er>.]</ety> <def>To have secretly a joint part or share in an action; to play into each other's hands; to conspire; to act in concert.</def>

<blockquote>If they let things take their course, they will be represented as <b>colluding</b> with sedition.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Colluder</h1>
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<hw>Col*lud"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who conspires in a fraud.</def>

<h1>Collum</h1>
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<hw>Col"lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Colla</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., neck.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A neck or cervix.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Collar</er>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Collusion</h1>
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<hw>Col*lu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>collusio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>collusion</ets>. See <er>Collude</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A secret agreement and cooperation for a fraudulent or deceitful purpose; a playing into each other's hands; deceit; fraud; cunning.</def>

<blockquote>The foxe, maister of <b>collusion</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That they [miracles] be done publicly, in the face of the world, that there may be no room to suspect artifice and <b>collusion</b>.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By the ignorance of the merchants or dishonesty of the weavers, or the <b>collusion</b> of both, the ware was bad and the price excessive.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An agreement between two or more persons to defraud a person of his rights, by the forms of law, or to obtain an object forbidden by law.</def>

<i>Bouvier. Abbott.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Collusion</er>, <er>Connivance</er>.</syn> <usage> A person who is guilty of <i>connivance</i> intentionally overlooks, and thus sanctions what he was bound to prevent. A person who is guilty of <i>collusion</i> unites with others (playing into their hands) for fraudulent purposes.</usage>

<h1>Collusive</h1>
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<hw>Col*lu"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Characterized by collusion; done or planned in collusion.</def> "<i>Collusive</i> and sophistical arguings." <i>J. Trapp.</i>  "<i>Collusive</i> divorces." <i>Strype.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Acting in collusion.</def> "<i>Collusive parties</i>." <i>Burke.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Col*lu"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Col*lu"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Collusory</h1>
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<hw>Col*lu"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>collusorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Collusive.</def>

<h1>Collutory</h1>
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<hw>Col"lu*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>colluere</ets>, <ets>collutum</ets>, to wash.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicated wash for the mouth.</def>

<h1>Colly</h1>
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<hw>Col"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Coal</er>.]</ety> <def>The black grime or soot of coal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Colly</h1>
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<hw>Col"ly</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Collied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Collying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To render black or dark, as of with coal smut; to begrime.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou hast not <b>collied</b> thy face enough.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Brief as the lighting in the <b>collied</b> night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Colly</h1>
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<hw>Col"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of dog. See <er>Collie</er>.</def>

<h1>Collybist</h1>
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<hw>Col"ly*bist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a small coin.]</ety> <def>A money changer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In the face of these guilty <b>collybists</b>.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Collyrium</h1>
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<hw>Col*lyr"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Collyriums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Collyria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An application to the eye, usually an eyewater.</def>

<h1>Colocolo</h1>
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<hw>Col`o*co"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American wild cat (<spn>Felis colocolo</spn>), of the size of the ocelot.</def>

<h1>Colocynth</h1>
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<hw>Col"ocynth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>colocynthis</ets>, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Coloquintida</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The light spongy pulp of the fruit of the bitter cucumber (<spn>Citrullus, &or; Cucumis, colocynthis</spn>), an Asiatic plant allied to the watermelon; coloquintida. It comes in white balls, is intensely bitter, and a powerful cathartic. Called also <altname>bitter apple</altname>, <altname>bitter cucumber</altname>, <altname>bitter gourd</altname>.</def>

<h1>Colocynthin</h1>
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<hw>Col`o*cyn"thin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>colocynthine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The active medicinal principle of colocynth; a bitter, yellow, crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside.</def>

<h1>Cologne</h1>
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<hw>Co*logne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Originally made in <ets>Cologne</ets>, the French name of K\'94ln, a city in Germany.]</ety> <def>A perfumed liquid, composed of alcohol and certain aromatic oils, used in the toilet; -- called also <altname>cologne water</altname> and <altname>eau de cologne</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cologne earth</h1>
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<hw>Co*logne" earth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From <ets>Cologne</ets> the city.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An earth of a deep brown color, containing more vegetable than mineral matter; an earthy variety of lignite, or brown coal.</def>

<h1>Colombier</h1>
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<hw>Col"om*bier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A large size of paper for drawings. See under <er>Paper</er>.</def>

<h1>Colombin</h1>
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<hw>Co*lom"bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Calumbin</er>.</def>

<h1>Colombo</h1>
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<hw>Co*lom"bo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Calumba</er>.</def>

<h1>Colon</h1>
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<hw>Co"lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>colon</ets>, <ets>colum</ets>, limb, member, the largest of the intestines, fr. Gr. <?/, and in sense of the intestine, <?/: cf. F. <ets>colon</ets>. Cf. <er>Colic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>That part of the large intestines which extends from the c\'91cum to the rectum. <note>[See <i>Illust</i> of <er>Digestion</er>.]</note></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A point or character, formed thus [:], used to separate parts of a sentence that are complete in themselves and nearly independent, often taking the place of a conjunction.</def>

<h1>Colonel</h1>
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<hw>Colo"nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>colonel</ets>, It. <ets>colonello</ets>, prop., the chief or commander of a column, fr. <ets>colonna</ets> column, L. <ets>columna</ets>. See <er>Column</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The chief officer of a regiment; an officer ranking next above a lieutenant colonel and next below a brigadier general.</def>

<h1>Colonelcy</h1>
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<hw>Colo"nel*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The office, rank, or commission of a colonel.</def>

<h1>Colonelship</h1>
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<hw>Colo"nel*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Colonelcy.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Coloner</h1>
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<hw>Col"o*ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A colonist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland</i>

<h1>Colonial</h1>
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<hw>Co*lo"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>colonial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a colony; <as>as, <ex>colonial</ex> rights, traffic, wars</as>.</def>

<h1>Colonical</h1>
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<hw>Co*lon"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>colonus</ets> husbandman.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to husbandmen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Colonist</h1>
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<hw>Col"o*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A member or inhabitant of a colony.</def>

<h1>Colonitis</h1>
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<hw>Col`o*ni"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Colitis</er>.</def>

<h1>Colonization</h1>
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<hw>Col`o*ni*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>colonisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tha act of colonizing, or the state of being colonized; the formation of a colony or colonies.</def>

<blockquote>The wide continent of America invited <b>colonization</b>.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Colonizationist</h1>
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<hw>Col`o*ni*za"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A friend to colonization, esp. <mark>(U. S. Hist)</mark> to the colonization of Africa by emigrants from the colored population of the United States.</def>

<h1>Colonize</h1>
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<hw>Col"o*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Colonized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Colonizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>coloniser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To plant or establish a colony or colonies in; to people with colonists; to migrate to and settle in.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>They that would thus <b>colonize</b> the stars with inhabitants.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Colonize</h1>
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<hw>Col"o*nize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To remove to, and settle in, a distant country; to make a colony.</def>

<i>C. Buchanan.</i>

<h1>Colonizer</h1>
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<hw>Col"o*ni`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who promotes or establishes a colony; a colonist.</def>

<i>Bancroft.</i>

<h1>Colonnade</h1>
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<hw>Col`on*nade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>colonnade</ets>, It. <ets>colonnata</ets>, fr. <ets>colonna</ets> column. See <er>Colonel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A series or range of columns placed at regular intervals with all the adjuncts, as entablature, stylobate, roof, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; When in front of a building, it is called <i>a portico</i>; when surrounding a building or an open court or square, a <i>peristyle</i>.</note>

<h1>Colony</h1>
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<hw>Col"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Colonies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>colonia</ets>, fr. <ets>colonus</ets> farmer, fr. <ets>colere</ets> to cultivate, dwell: cf. F. <ets>colonie</ets>. Cf. <er>Culture</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A company of people transplanted from their mother country to a remote province or country, and remaining subject to the jurisdiction of the parent state; <as>as, the British <ex>colonies</ex> in America</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The first settlers of New England were the best of Englishmen, well educated, devout Christians, and zealous lovers of liberty. There was never a <b>colony</b> formed of better materials.
<i>Ames.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The district or country colonized; a settlement.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A company of persons from the same country sojourning in a foreign city or land; <as>as, the American <ex>colony</ex> in Paris</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>A number of animals or plants living or growing together, beyond their usual range.</def>

<h1>Colophany</h1>
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<hw>Col"o*pha`ny</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Colophony</er>.</def>

<h1>Colophene</h1>
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<hw>Co"lo*phene</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, oily liquid, formerly obtained by distillation of colophony. It is regarded as a polymeric form of terebenthene. Called also <altname>diterebene</altname>.</def>

<hr>
<page="280">
Page 280<p>

<h1>Colophon</h1>
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<hw>Col"o*phon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>colophon</ets> finishing stroke, Gr. <?/; cf. L. <ets>culmen</ets> top, <ets>collis</ets> hill. Cf. <er>Holm</er>.]</ety> <def>An inscription, monogram, or cipher, containing the place and date of publication, printer's name, etc., formerly placed on the last page of a book.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>colophon</b>, or final description, fell into disuse, and . . . the title page had become the principal direct means of identifying the book.
<i>De Morgan.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The book was uninjured from title page to <b>colophon</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Colophonite</h1>
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<hw>Col"o*pho*nite</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>colophonite</ets>. So named from its resemblance to the color of <ets>colophony</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A coarsely granular variety of garnet.</def>

<h1>Colophony</h1>
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<hw>Col"o*pho`ny</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/ resin, gum) resin, fr. <?/ of or from Colophon in Ionia.]</ety> <def>Rosin.</def>

<h1>Coloquintida</h1>
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<hw>Col`o*quin"ti*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Colocynth</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Color</h1>
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<hw>Col"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>colour</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[OF. <ets>color</ets>, <ets>colur</ets>, <ets>colour</ets>, F. <ets>couleur</ets>, L. <ets>color</ets>; prob. akin to <ets>celare</ets> to conceal (the color taken as that which covers). See <er>Helmet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A property depending on the relations of light to the eye, by which individual and specific differences in the hues and tints of objects are apprehended in vision; <as>as, gay <ex>colors</ex>; sad <ex>colors</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<note>&hand; The sensation of <i>color</i> depends upon a peculiar function of the retina or optic nerve, in consequence of which rays of light produce different effects according to the length of their waves or undulations, waves of a certain length producing the sensation of red, shorter waves green, and those still shorter blue, etc. White, or ordinary, light consists of waves of various lengths so blended as to produce no effect of color, and the <i>color</i> of objects depends upon their power to absorb or reflect a greater or less proportion of the rays which fall upon them.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any hue distinguished from white or black.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The hue or color characteristic of good health and spirits; ruddy complexion.</def>

<blockquote>Give <b>color</b> to my pale cheek.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is used to give color; a paint; a pigment; <as>as, oil <ex>colors</ex> or water <ex>colors</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which covers or hides the real character of anything; semblance; excuse; disguise; appearance.</def>

<blockquote>They had let down the boat into the sea, under <b>color</b> as though they would have cast anchors out of the foreship.
<i>Acts xxvii. 30.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That he should die is worthy policy;
But yet we want a <b>color</b> for his death.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Shade or variety of character; kind; species.</def>

<blockquote>Boys and women are for the most part cattle of this <b>color</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A distinguishing badge, as a flag or similar symbol (usually in the plural); <as>as, the <ex>colors</ex> or <ex>color</ex> of a ship or regiment; the <ex>colors</ex> of a race horse (that is, of the cap and jacket worn by the jockey).</as></def>

<blockquote>In the United States each regiment of infantry and artillery has two <b>colors</b>, one national and one regimental.
<i>Farrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An apparent right; as where the defendant in trespass gave to the plaintiff an appearance of title, by stating his title specially, thus removing the cause from the jury to the court.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Color</i> is <i>express</i> when it is asverred in the pleading, and <i>implied</i> when it is implied in the pleading.</note>

<cs><col>Body color</col>. <cd>See under <er>Body</er>.</cd> -- <col>Color blindness</col>, <cd>total or partial inability to distinguish or recognize colors. See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Complementary color</col>, <cd>one of two colors so related to each other that when blended together they produce white light; -- so called because each color makes up to the other what it lacks to make it white. Artificial or pigment colors, when mixed, produce effects differing from those of the primary colors, in consequence of partial absorption.</cd> -- <col>Of color</col> (as persons, races, etc.), <cd>not of the white race; -- commonly meaning, esp. in the United States, of negro blood, pure or mixed.</cd> -- <col>Primary colors</col>, <cd>those developed from the solar beam by the prism, viz., red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet, which are reduced by some authors to three, -- red, green, and violet-blue. These three are sometimes called <altname>fundamental colors</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Subjective</col> &or; <col>Accidental color</col></mcol>, <cd>a false or spurious color seen in some instances, owing to the persistence of the luminous impression upon the retina, and a gradual change of its character, as where a wheel perfectly white, and with a circumference regulary subdiveded, is made to revolve rapidly over a dark object, the teeth, of the wheel appear to the eye of different shades of color varying with the rapidity of rotation. See <cref>Accidental colors</cref>, under <er>Accidental</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Color</h1>
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<hw>Col"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Colored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coloring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>colorer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To change or alter the bue or tint of, by dyeing, staining, painting, etc.; to dye; to tinge; to aint; to stain.</def>

<blockquote>The rays, to speak properly, are not <b>colored</b>; in them there is nothing else than a certain power and disposition to stir up a sensation of this or that color.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To change or alter, as if by dyeing or painting; to give a false appearance to; usually, to give a specious appearance to; to cause to appear attractive; to make plausible; to palliate or excuse; <as>as, the facts were <ex>colored</ex> by his prejudices</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>colors</b> the falsehood of \'92neas by an express command from Jupiter to forsake the queen.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To hide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That by his fellowship he <b>color</b> might
Both his estate and love from skill of any wight.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Color</h1>
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<hw>Col"or</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To acquire color; to turn red, especially in the face; to blush.</def>

<h1>Colorable</h1>
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<hw>Col"or*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Specious; plausible; having an appearance of right or justice.</def> "<i>Colorable</i> pretense for infidility."

<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Col"or*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Col"or*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote><b>Colorable</b> and subtle crimes, that seldom are taken within the walk of human justice.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Colorado beetle</h1>
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<hw>Col`o*ra"do bee"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A yellowish beetle (<spn>Doryphora decemlineata</spn>), with ten longitudinal, black, dorsal stripes. It has migrated eastwards from its original habitat in Colorado, and is very destructive to the potato plant; -- called also <altname>potato beetle</altname> and <altname>potato bug</altname>. See <er>Potato beetle</er>.</def>

<h1>Colorado group</h1>
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<hw>Col`o*ra"do group</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A subdivision of the cretaceous formation of western North America, especially developed in Colorado and the upper Missouri region.</def>

<h1>Coloradoite</h1>
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<hw>Col`o*ra"do*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Mercury telluride, an iron-black metallic mineral, found in Colorado.</def>

<h1>Colorate</h1>
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<hw>Col"or*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coloratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>colorare</ets> to color.]</ety> <def>Colored.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Coloration</h1>
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<hw>Col`or*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or art of coloring; the state of being colored.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>The females . . . resemble each other in their general type of <b>coloration</b>.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Colorature</h1>
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<hw>Col"or*a*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>coloratur</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>coloratura</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Vocal music <i>colored</i>, as it were, by florid ornaments, runs, or rapid passages.</def>

<h1>Color-blind</h1>
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<hw>Col"or-blind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with color blindness. See <cref>Color blindness</cref>, under <er>Color</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Colored</h1>
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<hw>Col"ored</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having color; tinged; dyed; painted; stained.</def>

<blockquote>The lime rod, <b>colored</b> as the glede.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>colored</b> rainbow arched wide.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specious; plausible; aborned so as to appear well; <as>as, a highly <ex>colored</ex> description</as>.</def>

<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i>

<blockquote>His <b>colored</b> crime with craft to cloke.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of some other color than black or white.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Of some other color than white; specifically applied to negroes or persons having negro blood; <as>as, a <ex>colored</ex> man; the <ex>colored</ex> people.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of some other color than green.</def>

<blockquote><b>Colored</b>, meaning, as applied to foliage, of some other color than green.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In botany, green is not regarded as a color, but white is.</note>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Colorific</h1>
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<hw>Col`or*if"ic</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>color</ets> color + <ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F. <ets>colorifique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of communicating color or tint to other bodies.</def>

<h1>Colorimeter</h1>
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<hw>Col`or*im"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Color</ets> + <ets>-</ets>meter: cf. F. <ets>colorim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the depth of the color of anything, especially of a liquid, by comparison with a standard liquid.</def>

<h1>Coloring</h1>
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<hw>Col"or*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of applying color to; also, that which produces color.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Change of appearance as by addition of color; appearance; show; disguise; misrepresentation.</def>

<blockquote>Tell the whole story without <b>coloring</b> or gloss.
<i>Compton Reade.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Dead coloring</col>. <cd>See under <er>Dead</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Colorist</h1>
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<hw>Col"or*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>coloriste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who colors; an artist who excels in the use of colors; one to whom coloring is of prime importance.</def>

<blockquote>Titian, Paul Veronese, Van Dyck, and the rest of the good <b>colorists</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Colorless</h1>
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<hw>Col"or*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without color; not distinguished by any hue; transparent; <as>as, <ex>colorless</ex> water</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free from any manifestation of partial or peculiar sentiment or feeling; not disclosing likes, dislikes, prejudice, etc.; <as>as, <ex>colorless</ex> music; a <ex>colorless</ex> style; definitions should be <ex>colorless</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Colorman</h1>
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<hw>Col"or*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Colormen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <def>A vender of paints, etc.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Color sergeant</h1>
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<hw>Col"or ser"geant</hw>. <def>See under <er>Sergeant</er>.</def>

<h1>Colossal</h1>
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<hw>Co*los"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cossal</ets>, L. <ets>colosseus</ets>. See <er>Colossus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of enormous size; gigantic; huge; <as>as, a <ex>colossal</ex> statue</as>.</def> "A <i>colossal</i> stride."

<i>Motley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Sculpture & Painting)</fld> <def>Of a size larger than heroic. See <er>Heroic</er>.</def>

<h1>Colossean</h1>
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<hw>Col`os*se"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Colossal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Colosseum</h1>
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<hw>Col`os*se"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Neut., fr. L. <ets>coloseus</ets> gigantic. See <er>Coliseum</er>.]</ety> <def>The amphitheater of Vespasian in Rome.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>Coliseum</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Colossus</h1>
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<hw>Co*los"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Colossi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Colossuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A statue of gigantic size. The name was especially applied to certain famous statues in antiquity, as the <i>Colossus</i> of Nero in Rome, the <i>Colossus</i> of Apollo at Rhodes.</def>

<blockquote>He doth bestride the narrow world
Like a <b>colossus</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; There is no authority for the statement that the legs of the Colossus at Rhodes extended over the mouth of the harbor.</note>

<i>Dr. Wm. Smith.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any man or beast of gigantic size.</def>

<h1>Colostrum</h1>
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<hw>Co*los"trum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., biestings.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The first milk secreted after delivery; biestings.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A mixture of turpentine and the yolk of an egg, formerly used as an emulsion.</def>

<h1>Colotomy</h1>
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<hw>Co*lot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ colon + <?/ cutting.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An operation for opening the colon</def>

<h1>Colour</h1>
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<hw>Col"our</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Color</er>.</def>

<h1>Colp</h1>
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<hw>Colp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Collop</er>.</def>

<h1>Colportage</h1>
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<hw>Col"por`tage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The distribution of religious books, tracts, etc., by colporteurs.</def>

<h1>Colporter</h1>
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<hw>Col"por`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Colporteur</er>.</def>

<h1>Colporteur</h1>
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<hw>Col"por`teur</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>colporteur</ets> one who carries on his neck, fr. <ets>colporter</ets> to carry on one's neck; <ets>col</ets> (L. <ets>collum</ets>) neck + <ets>porter</ets> (L. <ets>portare</ets>) to carry.]</ety> <def>A hawker; specifically, one who travels about selling and distributing religious tracts and books.</def>

<h1>Colstaff</h1>
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<hw>Col"staff`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>col</ets> neck + E. <ets>staff</ets>. Cf. <er>Coll</er>.]</ety> <def>A staff by means of which a burden is borne by two persons on their shoulders.</def>

<h1>Colt</h1>
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<hw>Colt</hw> <tt>(?; 110)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>colt</ets> a young horse, ass, or camel, AS. <ets>colt</ets>; cf. dial. Sw. <ets>kullt</ets> a boy, lad.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The young of the equine genus or horse kind of animals; -- sometimes distinctively applied to the male, <i>filly</i> being the female. Cf. <er>Foal</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; In sporting circles it is usual to reckon the age of colts from some arbitrary date, as from January 1, or May 1, next preceding the birth of the animal.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A young, foolish fellow.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A short knotted rope formerly used as an instrument of punishment in the navy.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<cs><col>Colt's tooth</col>, <cd>an imperfect or superfluous tooth in young horses.</cd> -- <col>To cast one's colt's tooth</col></mcol>, <cd>to cease from youthful wantonness.</cd> "Your <i>colt's tooth<i> is not cast yet." <i>Shak.</i> -- <col>To have a colt's tooth</col>, <cd>to be wanton.</cd>

<i>Chaucer.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Colt</h1>
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<hw>Colt</hw> <tt>(?; 110)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To frisk or frolic like a colt; to act licentiously or wantonly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They shook off their bridles and began to <b>colt</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Colt</h1>
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<hw>Colt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To horse; to get with young.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To befool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Colter</h1>
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<hw>Col"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>culter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>culter</ets> plowshare, knife. Cf. <er>Cutlass</er>.]</ety> <def>A knife or cutter, attached to the beam of a plow to cut the sward, in advance of the plowshare and moldboard.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>coulter</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Coltish</h1>
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<hw>Colt"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a colt; wanton; frisky.</def>

<blockquote>He was all <b>coltish</b>, full of ragery.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Colt"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Colt"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Coltsfoot</h1>
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<hw>Colts"foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial herb (<spn>Tussilago Farfara</spn>), whose leaves and rootstock are sometimes employed in medicine.</def>

<cs><col>Butterbur coltsfoot</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a European plant (<spn>Petasites vulgaris</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Colt's tooth</h1>
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<hw>Colt's" tooth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Colt</er>.</def>

<h1>Coluber</h1>
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<hw>Col"u*ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a serpent.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of harmless serpents.</def>

<note>&hand; Linn\'91us placed in this genus all serpents, whether venomous or not, whose scales beneath the tail are arranged in pairs; but by modern writers it is greatly restricted.</note>

<h1>Colubrine</h1>
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<hw>Col"u*brine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>colubrinus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>like or related to snakes of the genus Coluber.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Like a snake; cunning; crafty.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Colugo</h1>
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<hw>Co*lu"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. an aboriginal name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A peculiar East Indian mammal (<spn>Galleopithecus volans</spn>), having along the sides, connecting the fore and hind limbs, a parachutelike membrane, by means of which it is able to make long leaps, like the flying squirrel; -- called also <altname>flying lemur</altname>.</def>

<h1>Columba</h1>
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<hw>Co*lum"ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Calumba</er>.</def>

<h1>Columb\'91</h1>
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<hw>Co*lum"b\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <ety>[L. <ets>columba</ets> pigeon.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of birds, including the pigeons.</def>

<h1>Columbarium</h1>
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<hw>Col`um*ba"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Columbaria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu> <ety>[L. See <er>Columbary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A dovecote or pigeon house.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A sepulchral chamber with niches for holding cinerary urns.</def>

<h1>Columbary</h1>
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<hw>Col"um*ba*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Columbaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>columbarium</ets>, fr. <ets>columba</ets> a dove.]</ety> <def>A dovecote; a pigeon house.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Columbate</h1>
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<hw>Co*lum"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>colombate</ets>. See <er>Columbium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of columbic acid; a niobate. See <er>Columbium</er>.</def>

<h1>Columbatz fly</h1>
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<hw>Co*lum"batz fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From <ets>Kolumbatz</ets>, a mountain in Germany.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Buffalo fly</cref>, under <er>Buffalo</er>.</def>

<h1>Columbella</h1>
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<hw>Col`um*bel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>columba</ets> a dove. So called from a fancied resemblance in color and form, of some species.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of univale shells, abundant in tropical seas. Some species, as <spn>Columbella mercatoria</spn>, were formerly used as shell money.</def>

<h1>Columbia</h1>
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<hw>Co*lum"bi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>America; the United States; -- a poetical appellation given in honor of <ets>Columbus</ets>, the discoverer.</def>

<i>Dr. T. Dwight.</i>

<h1>Columbiad</h1>
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<hw>Co*lum"bi*ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Columbia</ets> the United States.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A form of seacoast cannon; a long, chambered gun designed for throwing shot or shells with heavy charges of powder, at high angles of elevation.</def>

<note>&hand; Since the War of 1812 the <i>Columbiad</i> has been much modified form now used in seacoast defense is often called the <i>Rodman gun</i>.</note>

<h1>Columbian</h1>
<Xpage=280>

<hw>Co*lum"bi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Columbia</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the United States, or to America.</def>

<h1>Columbic</h1>
<Xpage=280>

<hw>Co*lum"bic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Columbium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, columbium or niobium; niobic.</def>

<cs><col>Columbic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a weak acid derived from columbic or niobic oxide, <chform>Nb2O5</chform>; -- called also <altname>niobic acid</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Columbic</h1>
<Xpage=280>

<hw>Co*lum"bic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Columbo</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the columbo root.</def>

<cs><col>Columbic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an organic acid extracted from the columbo root as a bitter, yellow, amorphous substance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Columbier</h1>
<Xpage=280>

<hw>Co*lum"bi*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Colombier</er>.</def>

<h1>Columbiferous</h1>
<Xpage=280>

<hw>Col"um*bif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Columbium</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing or containing columbium.</def>

<h1>Columbin</h1>
<Xpage=280>

<hw>Co*lum"bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, bitter substance. See <er>Calumbin</er>.</def>

<h1>Columbine</h1>
<Xpage=280>

<hw>Col"um*bine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>columbinus</ets>, fr. <ets>columba</ets> dove.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a dove; dovelike; dove-colored.</def> "<i>Columbine</i> innocency."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Columbine</h1>
<Xpage=280>

<hw>Col"um*bine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>LL</ets>. <ets>columbina</ets>, <ets>L</ets>. <ets>columbinus</ets> dovelike, fr. <ets>columba</ets> dove: cf. F. <ets>colombine</ets>. Perh. so called from the beaklike spurs of its flowers.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of several species of the genus <spn>Aquilegia</spn>; <as>as, <spn>A. vulgaris</spn>, or the common garden columbine; <spn>A. Canadensis</spn>, the wild red columbine of North America.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The mistress or sweetheart of Harlequin in pantomimes.</def>

<i>Brewer.</i>

<h1>Columbite</h1>
<Xpage=280>

<hw>Co*lum"bite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>colombite</ets>. See <er>Columbium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a black color, submetallic luster, and high specific specific gravity. It is a niobate (or columbate) of iron and manganese, containing tantalate of iron; -- first found in New England.</def>

<hr>
<page="281">
Page 281<p>

<h1>Columbium</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Co*lum"bi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>Columbia</ets> America.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare element of the vanadium group, first found in a variety of the mineral columbite occurring in Connecticut, probably at Haddam. Atomic weight 94.2. Symbol Cb or Nb. Now more commonly called <i>niobium</i>.</def>

<h1>Columbo</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Co*lum"bo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Calumba</er>.</def>

<h1>Columella</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Col`u*mel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>columen</ets> column. See <er>Column</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An axis to which a carpel of a compound pistil may be attached, as in the case of the geranium; or which is left when a pod opens.</def> <sd>(b)</sd><def> A columnlike axis in the capsule of mosses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A term applied to various columnlike parts; <as>as, the <ex>columnella</ex>, or epipterygoid bone, in the skull of many lizards; the <ex>columella</ex> of the ear, the bony or cartilaginous rod connecting the tympanic membrane with the internal ear.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The upright pillar in the axis of most univalve shells.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The central pillar or axis of the calicles of certain corals.</def>

<h1>Columelliform</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Col`u*mel"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Columella</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like a little column, or columella.</def>

<h1>Column</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Col"umn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>columna</ets>, fr. <ets>columen</ets>, <ets>culmen</ets>, fr. <ets>cellere</ets> (used only in comp.), akin to E. <ets>excel</ets>, and prob. to <ets>holm</ets>. <ets>See</ets> <er>Holm</er>, and cf. <er>Colonel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A kind of pillar; a cylindrical or polygonal support for a roof, ceiling, statue, etc., somewhat ornamented, and usually composed of base, shaft, and capital. See <er>Order</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything resembling, in form or position, a column an architecture; an upright body or mass; a shaft or obelisk; <as>as, a <ex>column</ex> of air, of water, of mercury, etc.</as> ; the <i>Column</i> Vend\'93me; the spinal <i>column</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A body of troops formed in ranks, one behind the other; -- contradistinguished from <i>line</i>.</def> <i>Compare</i> <er>Ploy</er>, and <er>Deploy</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small army.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A number of ships so arranged as to follow one another in single or double file or in squadrons; -- in distinction from "line", where they are side by side.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A perpendicular set of lines, not extending across the page, and separated from other matter by a rule or blank space; <as>as, a <ex>column</ex> in a newspaper</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>A perpendicular line of figures.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The body formed by the union of the stamens in the Mallow family, or of the stamens and pistil in the orchids.</def>

<cs><col>Attached column</col>. <cd>See under <er>Attach</er>, <tt>v.</cd> t.</tt> -- <col>Clustered column</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cluster</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> </cd> -- <col>Column rule</col>, <cd>a thin strip of brass separating columns of type in the form, and making a line between them in printing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Columnar</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Co*lum"*nar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>columnaris</ets>, fr. <ets>columna</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formed in columns; having the form of a column or columns; like the shaft of a column.</def>

<cs><col>Columnar epithelium</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>epithelium in which the cells are priismatic in form, and set upright on the surface they cover.</cd> -- <col>Columnar structure</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a structure consisting of more or less regular columns, usually six-sided, but sometimes with eight or more sides. The columns are often fractured transversely, with a cup joint, showing a concave surface above. This structure is characteristic of certain igneous rocks, as basalt, and is due to contraction in cooling.<-- like at Giant's causeway, Ireland?--></cd></cs>

<h1>Columnarity</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Col`um*nar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being columnar.</def>

<h1>Columnated</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Co*lum"na*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having columns; <as>as, <ex>columnated</ex> temples</as>.</def>

<h1>Columned</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Col"umned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having columns.</def>

<blockquote>Troas and Ilion's <b>columned</b> citadel.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Columniation</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Co*lum`ni*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The employment or arrangement of columns in a structure.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Colure</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Co*lure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Colures</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>colure</ets>, L. <ets>coluri</ets>, pl., fr. Gr. <?/ dock-tailed, <?/ (sc. <?/ lines) the colures; fr. <?/ docked, stunted + <?/ tail. So named because a part is always beneath the horizon.]</ety> <fld>(Astron. & Geog.)</fld> <def>One of two great circles intersecting at right angles in the poles of the equator. One of them passes through the equinoctial points, and hence is denominated the <i>equinoctial</i> colure; the other intersects the equator at the distance of 90&deg; from the former, and is called the <i>solstitial</i> colure.</def>

<blockquote>Thrice the equinoctial line
He circled; four times crossed the car of night
From pole to pole, traversing each <b>colure</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coly</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Co"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Colies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL. <ets>colius</ets>, prob. fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of woodpecker.]</ety> <def>Any bird of the genus <spn>Colius</spn> and allied genera. They inhabit Africa.</def>

<h1>Colza</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Col"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. D. <ets>koolzaad</ets>, prob., cabbage seed; <ets>kool</ets> (akin to E. <ets>cole</ets>) + <ets>zaad</ets> akin to E. <ets>seed</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A variety of cabbage (<spn>Brassica oleracea</spn>), cultivated for its seeds, which yield an oil valued for illuminating and lubricating purposes; summer rape.</def>

<h1>Com-</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Com-</hw>. <def>A prefix from the Latin preposition <i>cum</i>, signifying <i>with</i>, <i>together</i>, <i>in conjunction</i>, <i>very</i>, etc. It is used in the form <i>com</i>- before <i>b</i>, <i>m</i>, <i>p</i>, and sometimes <i>f</i>, and by assimilation becomes <i>col</i>- before <i>l</i>, <i>cor</i>- before <i>r</i>, and <i>con</i>- before any consonant except <i>b</i>, <i>h</i>, <i>l</i>, <i>m</i>, <i>p</i>, <i>r</i>, and <i>w</i>. Before a vowel <i>com</i>- becomes <i>co</i>-; also before <i>h</i>, <i>w</i>, and sometimes before other consonants.</def>

<h1>Coma</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Co"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ lethargy, fr. <?/ to put to sleep. See <er>Cemetery</er>.]</ety> <def>A state of profound insensibility from which it is difficult or impossible to rouse a person. See <er>Carus</er>.</def>

<h1>Coma</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Co"ma</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., hair, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The envelope of a comet; a nebulous covering, which surrounds the nucleus or body of a comet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tuft or bunch, -- as the assemblage of branches forming the head of a tree; or a cluster of brachts when empty and terminating the inflorescence of a plant; or a tuft of long hairs on certain seeds.</def>

<cs><col>Coma Berenices</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a small constellation north of Virgo; -- called also <altname>Berenice's Hair</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Comanches</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Co*man"ches</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Comanche</singw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt> </sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A warlike, savage, and nomadic tribe of the Shoshone family of Indians, inhabiting Mexico and the adjacent parts of the United States; -- called also <altname>Paducahs</altname>. They are noted for plundering and cruelty.</def>

<h1>Comart</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Co"mart`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A covenant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Comate</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Co"mate</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>comatus</ets>, fr. <ets>comare</ets> to clothe with hair, fr. <ets>coma</ets> hair.]</ety> <def>Encompassed with a coma, or bushy appearance, like hair; hairy.</def>

<h1>Co-mate</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Co"-mate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>mate</ets>.]</ety> <def>A companion.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Comatose</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Co"ma*tose`</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Coma</er> lethargy.]</ety> <def>Relating to, or resembling, coma; drowsy; lethargic; <as>as, <ex>comatose</ex> sleep; <ex>comatose</ex> fever.</as></def>

<h1>Comatons</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Co"ma*tons</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Comatose.</def>

<h1>Comatula</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Co*mat"u*la</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>comatulus</ets> having hair neatly curled, dim. fr. <ets>coma</ets> hair.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A crinoid of the genus <spn>Antedon</spn> and related genera. When young they are fixed by a stem. When adult they become detached and cling to seaweeds, etc., by their dorsal cirri; -- called also <altname>feather stars</altname>.</def>

<h1>Comatulid</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Co*mat"u*lid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any crinoid of the genus <spn>Antedon</spn> or allied genera.</def>

<h1>Comb</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Comb</hw> <tt>(?; 110)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.. <ets>camb</ets>; akin to Sw., Dan., & D. <ets>kam</ets>, Icel. <ets>kambr</ets>, G. <ets>kamm</ets>, Gr. <?/ a grinder tooth, Skr. <ets>jambha</ets> tooth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument with teeth, for straightening, cleansing, and adjusting the hair, or for keeping it in place.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument for currying hairy animals, or cleansing and smoothing their coats; a currycomb.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Manuf. & Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A toothed instrument used for separating and cleansing wool, flax, hair, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The serrated vibratory doffing knife of a carding machine.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A former, commonly cone-shaped, used in hat manufacturing for hardening the soft fiber into a bat.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A tool with teeth, used for chasing screws on work in a lathe; a chaser.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>The notched scale of a wire micrometer.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>The collector of an electrical machine, usually resembling a comb.</def>
<-- "former" in (c) is a noun. -->

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The naked fleshy crest or caruncle on the upper part of the bill or hood of a cock or other bird. It is usually red.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of a pair of peculiar organs on the base of the abdomen of scorpions.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The curling crest of a wave.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The waxen framework forming the walls of the cells in which bees store their honey, eggs, etc.; honeycomb.</def> "A <i>comb</i> of honey."

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<blockquote>When the bee doth leave her <b>comb</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The thumbpiece of the hammer of a gunlock, by which it may be cocked.</def>

<h1>Comb</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Comb</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Combed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Combing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To disentangle, cleanse, or adjust, with a comb; to lay smooth and straight with, or as with, a comb; <as>as, to <ex>comb</ex> hair or wool</as>. See under <er>Combing</er>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Comb</b> down his hair; look, look! it stands upright.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comb</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Comb</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Comb</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To roll over, as the top or crest of a wave; to break with a white foam, as waves.</def>

<h1>Comb, Combe</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw><hw>Comb</hw>, <hw>Combe</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>comb</ets>, prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets>cwm</ets> a dale, valley.]</ety> <def>That unwatered portion of a valley which forms its continuation beyond and above the most elevated spring that issues into it.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>coombe</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Buckland.</i>

<blockquote>A gradual rise the shelving <b>combe</b>
Displayed.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comb</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Comb</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dry measure. See <er>Coomb</er>.</def>

<h1>Combat</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Com"bat</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Combated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Combating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>combattre</ets>; pref. <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>battre</ets> to beat, fr. L. <ets>battuere</ets> to strike. See <er>Batter</er>.]</ety> <def>To struggle or contend, as with an opposing force; to fight.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>combat</b> with a blind man I disdain.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>After the fall of the republic, the Romans <b>combated</b> only for the choice of masters.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Combat</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Com"bat</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fight with; to oppose by force, argument, etc.; to contend against; to resist.</def>

<blockquote>When he the ambitious Norway <b>combated</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And <b>combated</b> in silence all these reasons.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Minds <b>combat</b> minds, repelling and repelled.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To fight against; resist; oppose; withstand; oppugn; antagonize; repel; resent.</syn>

<h1>Combat</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Com"bat</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>combat</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fight; a contest of violence; a struggle for supremacy.</def>

<blockquote>My courage try by <b>combat</b>, if thou dar'st.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The noble <b>combat</b> that 'twixt joy and sorrow was fought in Paulina.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An engagement of no great magnitude; or one in which the parties engaged are not armies.</def>

<cs><col>Single combat</col>, <cd>one in which a single combatant meets a single opponent, as in the case of David and Goliath; also a duel.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- A battle; engagement; conflict; contest; contention; struggle; fight, strife. See <er>Battle</er>, <er>Contest</er>.</syn>

<h1>Combatable</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Com"bat*a*ble</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>combattable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Such as can be, or is liable to be, combated; <as>as, <ex>combatable</ex> foes, evils, or arguments</as>.</def>

<h1>Combatant</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Com"bat*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>combattant</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Contending; disposed to contend.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Combatant</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Com"bat*ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>combattant</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who engages in combat.</def> "The mighty <i>combatants</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>A controversy which long survived the original <b>combatants</b>.
<i>Macaulay</i></blockquote>

<h1>Combater</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Com"bat*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who combats.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Combative</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Com"bat*ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>or</tt> <def>(<?/), a. Disposed to engage in combat; pugnacious.</def>

<h1>Combativeness</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Com"bat*ive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being combative; propensity to contend or to quarrel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>A cranial development supposed to indicate a combative disposition.</def>

<h1>Combattant</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Com`bat`tant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>In the position of fighting; -- said of two lions set face to face, each rampant.</def>

<h1>Combbroach</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Comb"broach`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tooth of a wool comb.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>combrouch</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Combe</h1>
<Xpage=281>

<hw>Combe</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Comb</er>.</def>

<h1>Comber</h1>
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<hw>Comb"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who combs; one whose occupation it is to comb wool, flax, etc. Also, a machine for combing wool, flax, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A long, curling wave.</def>

<h1>Comber</h1>
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<hw>Com"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cumber.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Comber</h1>
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<hw>Com"ber</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Encumbrance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Comber</h1>
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<hw>Com"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cabrilla. Also, a name applied to a species of wrasse.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Combinable</h1>
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<hw>Com*bin"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>combinable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of combinding; consistent with.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Com*bin"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Combinate</h1>
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<hw>Com"bi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>combinatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>United; joined; betrothed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="282">
Page 282<p>

<h1>Combination</h1>
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<hw>Com`bi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>combinatio</ets>. See <er>Combine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of combining or uniting persons and things.</def>

<blockquote>Making new compounds by new <b>combinations</b>.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A solemn <b>combination</b> shall be made
Of our dear souls.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The result of combining or uniting; union of persons or things; esp. a union or alliance of persons or states to effect some purpose; -- usually in a bad sense.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>combination</b> of the most powerful men in Rome who had conspired my ruin.
<i>Melmoth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process of uniting by chemical affinity, by which substances unite with each other in definite proportions by weight to form distinct compounds.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The different arrangements of a number of objects, as letters, into groups.</def>

<note>&hand; In <i>combinations</i> no regard is paid to the order in which the objects are arranged in each group, while in <i>variations</i> and <i>permutations</i> this order is respected.</note>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<cs><col>Combination car</col>, <cd>a railroad car containing two or more compartments used for different purposes.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Combination lock</col>, <cd>a lock in which the mechanism is controlled by means of a movable dial (sometimes by several dials or rings) inscribed with letters or other characters. The bolt of the lock can not be operated until after the dial has been so turned as to combine the characters in a certain order or succession.</cd> -- <col>Combination room</col>, <cd>in the University of Cambridge, Eng., a room into which the fellows withdraw after dinner, for wine, dessert, and conversation.</cd> -- <col>Combination by volume</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the act, process, or ratio by which gaseous elements and compounds unite in definite proportions by volume to form distinct compounds.</cd> -- <col>Combination by weight</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the act, process, or ratio, in which substances unite in proportions by weight, relatively fixed and exact, to form distinct compounds. See <cref>Law of definite proportions</cref>, under <er>Definite</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Cabal; alliance; association; league; union; confederacy; coalition; conspiracy. See <er>Cabal</er>.</syn>

<h1>Combine</h1>
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<hw>Com*bine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Combined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Combining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>combinare</ets>, <ets>combinatum</ets>; L. <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>binus</ets>, pl. <ets>bini</ets>, two and two, double: cf. F. <ets>combiner</ets>. See <er>Binary</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unite or join; to link closely together; to bring into harmonious union; to cause or unite so as to form a homogeneous, as by chemical union.</def>

<blockquote>So fitly them in pairs thou hast <b>combined</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Friendship is the which really <b>combines</b> mankind.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And all <b>combined</b>, save what thou must <b>combine</b>
By holy marriage.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Earthly sounds, though sweet and well <b>combined</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bind; to hold by a moral tie.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I am <b>combined</b> by a sacred vow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Combine</h1>
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<hw>Com*bine"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form a union; to agree; to coalesce; to confederate.</def>

<blockquote>You with your foes <b>combine</b>,
And seem your own destruction to design
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So sweet did harp and voice <b>combine</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To unite by affinity or natural attraction; <as>as, two substances, which will not <ex>combine</ex> of themselves, may be made to <ex>combine</ex> by the intervention of a third</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>In the game of casino, to play a card which will take two or more cards whose aggregate number of pips equals those of the card played.</def>

<cs><col>Combining weight</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>that proportional weight, usually referred to hydrogen as a standard, and for each element fixed and exact, by which an element unites with another to form a distinct compound. The combining weights either are identical with, or are multiples or multiples of, the atomic weight. See <cref>Atomic weight</cref>, under <er>Atomic</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Combined</h1>
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<hw>Com*bined"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>United closely; confederated; chemically united.</def>

<h1>Combinedly</h1>
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<hw>Com*bin"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. In combination or co\'94peration</tt><def>; <i>jointly</i>.</def>

<h1>Combiner</h1>
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<hw>Com*bin"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, combines.</def>

<h1>Combing</h1>
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<hw>Comb"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of using a comb or a number of combs; <as>as, the <ex>combing</ex> of one's hair; the <ex>combing</ex> of wool.</as></def>

<note>&hand; The process of <i>combing</i> is used in straightening wool of long staple; short wool is <i>carded</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That which is caught or collected with a comb, as loose, tangled hair.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Hair arranged to be worn on the head.</def>

<blockquote>The baldness, thinness, and . . . deformity of their hair is supplied by borders and <b>combings</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Coamings</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Combing machine</col> <fld>(Textile Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a machine for combing wool, flax, cotton, etc., and separating the longer and more valuable fiber from the shorter. See also <i>Carding machine<i>, under <er>Carding</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Combless</h1>
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<hw>Comb"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a comb or crest; <as>as, a <ex>combless</ex> ceck</as>.</def>

<h1>Comboloio</h1>
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<hw>Com`bo*lo"io</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Mohammedan rosary, consisting of ninety-nine beads.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Comb-shaped</h1>
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<hw>Comb"-shaped`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pectinate.</def>

<h1>Combust</h1>
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<hw>Com*bust"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>combustus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>comburere</ets> to burn up; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>burere</ets> (only in comp.), of uncertian origin; cf. <ets>bustum</ets> fineral pyre, <ets>prurire</ets> to itch, <ets>pruna</ets> a live coal, Gr. <?/ firebrand, Skr. <ets>plush</ets> to burn.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Burnt; consumed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>So near the sun as to be obscured or eclipsed by his light, as the moon or planets when not more than eight degrees and a half from the sun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Planets that are oft <b>combust</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Combustibility</h1>
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<hw>Com*bus`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being combustible.</def>

<h1>Combustible</h1>
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<hw>Com*bus"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>combustble</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of taking fire and burning; apt to catch fire; inflammable.</def>

<blockquote>Sin is to the soul like fire to <b>combustible</b> matter.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ea<?/ily kindled or excited; quick; fiery; irascible.</def>

<blockquote>Arnold was a <b>combustible</b> character.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Combustible</h1>
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<hw>Com*bus"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A substance that may bee set on fire, or which is liable to take fire and burn.</def>

<blockquote>All such <b>combustibles</b> as are cheap enough for common use go under the name of fuel.
<i>Ure.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Combustibleness</h1>
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<hw>Com*bus"ti*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Combustibility.</def>

<h1>Combustion</h1>
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<hw>Com*bus"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>combustio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>combustion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of burning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The combination of a combustible with a supporter of combustion, producing heat, and sometimes both light and heat.</def>

<blockquote><b>Combustion</b> results is common cases from the mutual chemical action and reaction of the combustible and the oxygen of the atmosphere, whereby a new compound is formed.
<i>Ure.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Supporter of combustion</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a gas as oxygen, the combination of which with a combustible, as coal, constitutes combustion.</cd></cs>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Violent agitation; confusion; tumult.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There [were] great <b>combustions</b> and divisions among the heads of the university.
<i>Mede.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But say from whence this new <b>combustion</b> springs.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Combustious</h1>
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<hw>Com*bus"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inflammable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Come</h1>
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<hw>Come</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Came</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Come</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cumen</ets>, <ets>comen</ets>, AS. <ets>cuman</ets>; akin to OS.<ets>kuman</ets>, D. <ets>komen</ets>, OHG. <ets>queman</ets>, G. <ets>kommen</ets>, Icel. <ets>koma</ets>, Sw. <ets>komma</ets>, Dan. <ets>komme</ets>, Goth. <ets>giman</ets>, L. <ets>venire</ets> (<ets>gvenire</ets>), Gr. <?/ to go, Skr. <ets>gam</ets>. \'fb23. Cf. <er>Base</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Convene</er>, <er>Adventure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move hitherward; to draw near; to approach the speaker, or some place or person indicated; -- opposed to <i>go</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Look, who <b>comes</b> yonder?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I did not <b>come</b> to curse thee.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To complete a movement toward a place; to arrive.</def>

<blockquote>When we <b>came</b> to Rome.
<i>Acts xxviii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lately <b>come</b> from Italy.
<i>Acts vviii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To approach or arrive, as if by a journey or form a distance.</def> "Thy kingdom <i>come</i>."

<i>Matt. vi. 10.</i>

<blockquote>The hour is <b>comming</b>, and now is.
<i>John. v. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So quik bright things <b>come</b> to confusion.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To approach or arrive, as the result of a cause, or of the act of another.</def>

<blockquote>From whence <b>come</b> wars?
<i>James iv. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Both riches and honor <b>come</b> of thee!
<i>Chron. xxix. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To arrive in sight; to be manifest; to appear.

<blockquote>Then butter does refuse to <b>come</b>.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To get to be, as the result of change or progress; -- with a predicate; <as>as, to <ex>come</ex> united</as>.</def>

<blockquote>How <b>come</b> you thus estranged?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How <b>come</b> her eyes so bright?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Am come</i>, <i>is come</i>, etc., are frequently used instead of <i>have come</i>, <i>has come</i>, etc., esp. in poetry. The verb <i>to be</i> gives adjectival significance to the participle as expressing a state or condition of the subject, while the auxiliary <i>have</i> expresses simply the completion of the action signified by the verb.</note>

<blockquote>Think not that I <b>am come</b> to destroy.
<i>Matt. v. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We <b>are come</b> off like Romans.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The melancholy days <b>are come</b>, the saddest of the year.
<i>Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<note><i>Come</i> may properly be used (instead of <i>go</i>) in speaking of a movement hence, or away, when there is reference to an approach to the person addressed; as, I shall <i>come</i> home next week; he will <i>come</i> to your house to-day. It is used with other verbs almost as an auxiliary, indicative of approach to the action or state expressed by the verb; as, how <i>came</i> you to do it? <i>Come</i> is used colloquially, with reference to a definite future time approaching, without an auxilliary; as, it will be two years, <i>come</i> next Christmas; <it>i. e.</it>, when Christmas shall come.

<blockquote>They were cried
In meeting, <b>come</b> next Sunday.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<i>Come</i>, in the imperative, is used to excite attention, or to invite to motion or joint action; <i>come</i>, let us go. "This is the heir; <i>come</i>, let us kill him." <i>Matt. xxi. 38.</i>  When repeated, it sometimes expresses haste, or impatience, and sometimes rebuke. "<i>Come</i>, <i>come</i>, no time for lamentation now."

<i>Milton.</i></note>

<cs><col>To come</col>, <cd>yet to arrive, future. "In times <i>to come<i>."</cd> <i>Dryden.</i> "There's pippins and cheese <i>to come</i>." <i>Shak.</i> -- <col>To come about</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To come to pass; to arrive; to happen; to result; as, how did these things <i>come about</i>?</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To change; to come round; as, the ship <i>comes about</i>.</cd> "The wind is <i>come about</i>." <i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>On better thoughts, and my urged reasons,
They are <b>come about</b>, and won to the true side.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To come abroad</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To move or be away from one's home or country.</cd> "Am <i>come abroad</i> to see the world." <i>Shak.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> To become public or known. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Neither was anything kept secret, but that it should <i>come abroad</i>." <i>Mark. iv. 22.</i> -- <col>To come across</col>, <cd>to meet; to find, esp. by chance or suddenly. "We <i>come across</i> more than one incidental mention of those wars." <i>E. A. Freeman.</i> "Wagner's was certainly one of the strongest and most independent natures I ever <i>came across</i>." <i>H. R. Heweis.</i> -- <col>To come after</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To follow.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To come to take or to obtain; as, to <i>come after</i> a book.</cd> -- <col>To come again</col>, <cd>to return</cd>. "His spirit <i>came again</i> and he revived." <i>Judges. xv. 19.</i>

-- <col>To come and go</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To appear and disappear; to change; to alternate.</cd> "The color of the king doth <i>come and go</i>." <i>Shak.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <cd>To play backward and forward.</cd> -- <col>To come at</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To reach; to arrive within reach of; to gain; as, to <i>come at</i> a true knowledge of ourselves.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To come toward; to attack; as, he <i>came at</i> me with fury.</cd> -- <col>To come away</col>, <cd>to part or depart</cd>. -- <col>To come between</col>, <cd>to interverne; to separate; hence, to cause estrangement</cd>. -- <col>To come by</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To obtain, gain, acquire.</cd> "Examine how you <i>came by</i> all your state." <i>Dryden.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To pass near or by way of.</cd> -- <col>To come down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To descend.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be humbled.</cd> -- <col>To come down upon</col>, <cd>to call to account, to reprimand.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <i>Dickens.</i> -- <col>To come home</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To retuen to one's house or family.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To come close; to press closely; to touch the feelings, interest, or reason.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> (<i>Naut</i>.) <cd>To be loosened from the ground; -- said of an anchor.</cd> -- <col>To come in</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To enter, as a town, house, etc.</cd> "The thief <i>cometh in</i>." <i>Hos. vii. 1.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To arrive; as, when my ship <i>comes in</i>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To assume official station or duties; as, when Lincoln <i>came in</i>.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> To comply; to yield; to surrender. "We need not fear his <i>coming in</i>" <i>Massinger.</i> <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To be brought into use.</cd> "Silken garments did not <i>come in</i> till late." <i>Arbuthnot.</i> <sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To be added or inserted; to be or become a part of.</cd> <sd>(g)</sd> <cd>To accrue as gain from any business or investment.</cd> <sd>(h)</sd> <cd>To mature and yield a harvest; <as>as, the crops <ex>come in</ex> well</as>.</cd> <sd>(i)</sd> <cd>To have sexual intercourse; -- with <i>to</i> or <i>unto</i>.</cd> <i>Gen. xxxviii. 16.</i> <sd>(j)</sd> <cd>To have young; to bring forth; <as>as, the cow will <ex>come in</ex> next May</as>.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>To come in for</col>, <cd>to claim or receive.</cd> "The rest <i>came in for</i> subsidies." <i>Swift.</i> -- <col>To come into</col>, <cd>to join with; to take part in; to agree to; to comply with; <as>as, to <ex>come into</ex> a party or scheme</as></cd>. -- <col>To come it ever</col>, <cd>to hoodwink; to get the advantage of</cd>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>To come near</col> <it>or</it> <col>nigh</col></mcol>, <cd>to approach in place or quality to be equal to.</cd> "Nothing ancient or modern seems to <i>come near</i> it." <i>Sir W. Temple.</i> -- <col>To come of</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To descend or spring from.</cd> "<i>Of</i> Priam's royal race my mother <i>came</i>." <i>Dryden.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To result or follow from.</cd> "This <i>comes of</i> judging by the eye." <i>L'Estrange.</i> -- <col>To come off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To depart or pass off from.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To get free; to get away; to escape.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To be carried through; to pass off; as, it <i>came off</i> well.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To acquit one's self; to issue from (a contest, etc.); as, he <i>came off</i> with honor; hence, substantively, a <i>come off</i>, an escape; an excuse; an evasion.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To pay over; to give.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To take place; to happen; <as>as, when does the race <ex>come off</ex>?</as></cd> <sd>(g)</sd> <cd>To be or become after some delay; <as>as, the weather <ex>came off</ex> very fine</as>.</cd> <sd>(h)</sd> <cd>To slip off or be taken off, as a garment; to separate.</cd> <sd>(i)</sd> <cd>To hurry away; to get through.</cd> <i>Chaucer.</i> -- <col>To come off by</col>, <cd>to suffer</cd>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>To come off by</i> the worst." <i>Calamy.</i> -- <col>To come off from</col>, <cd>to leave.</cd> "<i>To come off from</i> these grave disquisitions." <i>Felton.</i> -- <col>To come on</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To advance; to make progress; to thrive.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To move forward; to approach; to supervene.</cd> -- <col>To come out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To pass out or depart, as from a country, room, company, etc.</cd> "They shall <i>come out</i> with great substance." <i>Gen. xv. 14.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To become public; to appear; to be published.</cd> "It is indeed <i>come out</i> at last." <i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To end; to result; to turn out; <as>as, how will this affair <ex>come out</ex>? he has <ex>come out</ex> well at last</as>.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To be introduced into society; <as>as, she <ex>came out</ex> two seasons ago</as>.</cd> <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To appear; to show itself; <as>as, the sun <ex>came out</ex></as>.</cd> <sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To take sides; to take a stand; as, he <i>came out</i> against the tariff.</cd><-- <sd>(g)</sd> <cd>To publicly admit oneself to be homosexual.</cd> --> -- <col>To come out with</col>, <cd>to give publicity to; to disclose.</cd> -- <col>To come over</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To pass from one side or place to another.</cd> "Perpetually teasing their friends to <i>come over</i> to them." <i>Addison.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To rise and pass over, in distillation.</cd> -- <col>To come over to</col>, <cd>to join.</cd> -- <col>To come round</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To recur in regular course.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To recover.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To change, as the wind.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To relent.</cd> <i>J. H. Newman.</i> <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To circumvent; to wheedle.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To come short</col>, <cd>to be deficient; to fail of attaining.</cd> "All have sinned and <i>come short</i> of the glory of God." <i>Rom. iii. 23.</i> -- <col>To come to</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To consent or yield.</cd> <i>Swift.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> (with the accent on <i>to</i>) <cd>To luff; to brin the ship's head nearer the wind; to anchor.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> (with the accent on <i>to</i>) <cd>To recover, as from a swoon.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To arrive at; to reach.</cd> <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To amount to; <as>as, the taxes <ex>come to</ex> a large sum</as>.</cd> <sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To fall to; to be received by, as an inheritance.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> -- <col>To come to blows</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blow</er>.</cd> -- <col>To come to grief</col>. <cd>See under <er>Grief</er>.</cd> -- <col>To come to a head</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To suppurate, as a boil.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To mature; to culminate; as a plot.</cd> -- <col>To come to one's self</col>, <cd>to recover one's senses.</cd> -- <col>To come to pass</col>, <cd>to happen; to fall out.</cd> -- <col>To come to the scratch</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Prize Fighting)</fld> <cd>To step up to the scratch or mark made in the ring to be toed by the combatants in beginning a contest; hence: <sd>(b)</sd> To meet an antagonist or a difficulty bravely.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To come to time</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Prize Fighting)</fld> <cd>To come forward in order to resume the contest when the interval allowed for rest is over and "time" is called;</cd> hence: <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To keep an appointment; to meet expectations.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To come together</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To meet for business, worship, etc.; to assemble.</cd> <i>Acts i. 6.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To live together as man and wife.</cd> <i>Matt. i. 18.</i> -- <col>To come true</col>, <cd>to happen as predicated or expected.</cd> -- <col>To come under</col>, <cd>to belong to, as an individual to a class.</cd> -- <col>To come up</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>to ascend; to rise.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be brought up; to arise, as a question.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To spring; to shoot or rise above the earth, as a plant.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To come into use, as a fashion.</cd> -- <col>To come up the capstan</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to turn it the contrary way, so as to slacken the rope about it.</cd> -- <col>To come up the tackle fall</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to slacken the tackle gently.</cd> <i>Totten.</i> -- <col>To come up to</col>, <cd>to rise to; to equal.</cd> -- <col>To come up with</col>, <cd>to overtake or reach by pursuit.</cd> -- <col>To come upon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To befall.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To attack or invade.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To have a claim upon; to become dependent upon for support; <as>as, <ex>to come upon</ex> the town</as>.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To light or chance upon; to find; <as>as, to <ex>come upon</ex> hid treasure</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Come</h1>
<Xpage=282>

<hw>Come</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To carry through; to succeed in; <as>as, you can't <ex>come</ex> any tricks here</as>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<cs><col>To come it</col>, <cd>to succeed in a trick of any sort. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Come</h1>
<Xpage=282>

<hw>Come</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Coming.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Co-meddle</h1>
<Xpage=282>

<hw>Co-med"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mix; to mingle, to temper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Comedian</h1>
<Xpage=282>

<hw>Co*me"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>com\'82dien</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An actor or player in comedy.</def> "The famous <i>comedian</i>, Roscius."

<i>Middleton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A writer of comedy.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Com\'82dienne</h1>
<Xpage=282>

<hw>Co*m\'82`di*enne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fem. of <ets>com<?/dien</ets>.]</ety> <def>A women who plays in comedy.</def>

<h1>Comedietta</h1>
<Xpage=282>

<hw>Co*me`di*et"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A dramatic sketch; a brief comedy.</def>

<h1>Comedo</h1>
<Xpage=282>

<hw>Com"e*do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Comedones</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., a glutton. See <er>Comestible</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A small nodule or cystic tumor, common on the nose, etc., which on pressure allows the escape of a yellow wormlike mass of retained oily secretion, with a black head (dirt).</def>

<h1>Comedown</h1>
<Xpage=282>

<hw>Come"down`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A downfall; an humillation.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Comedy</h1>
<Xpage=282>

<hw>Com"e*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Comedies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>com\'82die</ets>, L. <ets>comoedia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ a jovial festivity with music and dancing, a festal procession an ode sung at this procession (perh. akin to <?/ village, E. <ets>home</ets>) + <?/ to sing; for comedy was originally of a lyric character. See <er>Home</er>, and <er>Ode</er>.]</ety> <def>A dramatic composition, or representation of a bright and amusing character, based upon the foibles of individuals, the manners of society, or the ludicrous events or accidents of life; a play in which mirth predominates and the termination of the plot is happy; -- opposed to <i>tragedy</i>.</def>

<blockquote>With all the vivacity if <b>comedy</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Are come to play a pleasant <b>comedy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comelily</h1>
<Xpage=282>

<hw>Come"li*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a suitable or becoming manner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<hr>
<page="283">
Page 283<p>

<h1>Comeliness</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Come"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Comely</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being comely.</def>

<blockquote><b>Comeliness</b> is a disposing fair
Of things and actions in fit time and place.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Strength, <b>comeliness</b> of shape, or amplest merit.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Comeliness</b> signifies something less forcible than beauty, less elegant than grace, and less light than prettiness.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comely</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Come"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Comelier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Comeliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>comeliche</ets>, AS. <ets>cyml\'c6c</ets>; <ets>cyme</ets> suitable (fr. <ets>cuman</ets> to come, become) + <ets>l\'c6c</ets> like.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pleasing or agreeable to the sight; well-proportioned; good-looking; handsome.</def>

<blockquote>He that is <b>comely</b> when old and decrepit, surely was very beautiful when he was young.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Not once perceive their foul disfigurement
But boast themselves more <b>comely</b> than before.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suitable or becoming; proper; agreeable.</def>

<blockquote>This is a happier and more <b>comely</b> time
Than when these fellows ran about the streets,
Crying confusion.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is good to sing praises unto our God; for it is pleasant; and praise is <b>comely</b>.
<i>Ps. cxlvii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comely</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Come"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a becoming manner.</def>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<h1>Come-outer</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Come-out"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who comes out or withdraws from a religious or other organization; a radical reformer.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Comer</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who comes, or who has come; one who has arrived, and is present.</def>

<cs><col>All comers</col>, <cd>all who come, or offer, to take part in a matter, especially in a contest or controversy. "To prove it against <i>all comers<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i>

<h1>Comes</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Co"mes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a companion.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The answer to the theme (<it>dux</it>) in a fugue.</def>

<h1>Comessation</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com`es*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>comissatio</ets>, <ets>comessatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A reveling; a rioting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Comestible</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Co*mes"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>comestible</ets>, fr. L. <ets>comesus</ets>, <ets>comestus</ets>, p. p. pf <ets>comedere</ets> to eat; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>edere</ets> to eat.]</ety> <def>Suitable to be eaten; eatable; esculent.</def>

<blockquote>Some herbs are most <b>comestible</b>.
<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comestible</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Co*mes"ti*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something suitable to be eaten; -- commonly in the plural.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Comet</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cometes</ets>, <ets>cometa</ets>, from Gr.  <?/ comet, prop. long-haired, fr. <?/ to wear long hair, fr. <?/ hair, akin to L. <ets>coma</ets>: cf. F. <ets>com\'8ate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A member of the solar system which usually moves in an elongated orbit, approaching very near to the sun in its perihelion, and receding to a very great distance from it at its aphelion. A comet commonly consists of three parts: the nucleus, the envelope, or coma, and the tail; but one or more of these parts is frequently wanting. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Cometarium</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com`e*ta"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An instrument, intended to represent the revolution of a comet round the sun.</def>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<h1>Cometary</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com"et*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>com\'82taire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a comet.</def>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Comet-finder, &or; Comet-seeker</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw><hw>Com"et-find`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Com"et-seek`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A telescope of low power, having a large field of view, used for finding comets.</def>

<h1>Cometic</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Co*met"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to a comet.</def>

<h1>Cometographer</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com`et*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who describes or writes about comets.</def>

<h1>Cometography</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com`et*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Comet</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>com\'82tographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of, or a treatise concerning, comets.</def>

<h1>Cometollgy</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com`et*ol"l*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Comet</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The department of astronomy relating to comets.</def>

<h1>Comfit</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com"fit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>confit</ets>, prop. a p. p., fr. <ets>confire</ets> to preserve, pickle, fr. L. <ets>conficere</ets> to prepare; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Fact</er>, and cf. <er>Confect</er>.]</ety> <def>A dry sweetmeat; any kind of fruit, root, or seed preserved with sugar and dried; a confection.</def>

<h1>Comfit</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com"fit</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To preserve dry with sugar.</def>

<blockquote>The fruit which does so quickly waste, . . .
Thou <b>comfitest</b> in sweets to make it last.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comfiture</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com"fi*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>confiture</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>confecturae</ets> sweetmeats, <ets>confectura</ets> a preparing. See <er>Comfit</er>, and cf. <er>Confiture</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Comfit</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Comfort</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com"fort</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Comforted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Comforting.</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>conforter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>confortare</ets> to strengthen much; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>fortis</ets> strong. See <er>Fort</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make strong; to invigorate; to fortify; to corroborate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<blockquote>God's own testimony . . . doth not a little <b>comfort</b> and confirm the same.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To assist or help; to aid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I . . . can not help the noble chevalier:
God <b>comfort</b> him in this necessity!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To impart strength and hope to; to encourage; to relieve; to console; to cheer,</def>

<blockquote>Light excelleth in <b>comforting</b> the spirits of men.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That we may be adle to <b>comfort</b> them that are in any affliction.
<i>2 Cor. i. 4. (Rev. Ver. ).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A perfect woman, nobly planned,
To warn, to <b>comfort</b>, and command.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To cheer; solace; console; revive; encourage; enliven; invigorate; inspirit, gladden; recreate; exhilarate; refresh; animate; confirm; strengthen.</syn> <usage> -- <er>To Comfort</er>, <er>Console</er>, <er>Solace</er>. These verbs all suppose some antecedent state of suffering or sorrow. <i>Console</i> in confined to the act giving sympathetic relief to the mind under affliction or sorrow, and points to some definite source of that relief; as, the presence of his friend <i>consoled</i> him; he was much <i>consoled</i> by this intelligence. The act of consoling commonly implies the inculcation of resignation. <i>Comfort</i> points to relief afforded by the communication of positive pleasure, hope, and strength, as well as by the diminution of pain; as, "They brought the young man alive, and were not a little <i>comforted</i>."</usage>

<i>Acts xx. 12.</i>

<note><i>Solace</i> is from L. <i>solacium</i>, which means according to Dumesnil, consolation inwardly felt or applied to the case of the sufferer. Hence, the verb <i>to solace</i> denotes the using of things for the purpose of affording relief under sorrow or suffering; as, <i>to solace</i> one's self with reflections, with books, or with active employments.</note>

<h1>Comfort</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com"fort</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>confort</ets>, fr. <ets>conforter</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Assistance; relief; support.</def> <mark>[Obs. except in the phrase "aid and <i>comfort</i>." See 5 below.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Encouragement; solace; consolation in trouble; also, that which affords consolation.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>comfort</b> of her mother's fears.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cheer thy spirit with this <b>comfort</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Speaking words of endearment where words of <b>comfort</b> availed not.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A state of quiet enjoyment; freedom from pain, want, or anxiety; also, whatever contributes to such a condition.</def>

<blockquote>I had much joy and <b>comfort</b> in thy love.
<i>Phil. 7 (Rev. Ver. ).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He had the means of living in <b>comfort</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A wadded bedquilt; a comfortable.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Unlawful support, countenance, or encouragement; <as>as, to give aid and <ex>comfort</ex> to the enemy</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Comfort</er>, <er>Consolation</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Comfort</i> has two meanings: <p><b>1.</b> Strength and relief received under affliction; <p><b>2.</b> Positive enjoyment, of a quiet, permanent nature, together with the sources thereof; as, the <i>comfort</i> of love; surrounded with <i>comforts</i>; but it is with the former only that the word <i>consolation</i> is brought into comparison. As thus compared, <i>consolation</i> points to some specific source of relief for the afflicted mind; as, the <i>consolations</i> of religion. <i>Comfort</i> supposes the relief to be afforded by imparting positive enjoyment, as well as a diminution of pain. "<i>Consolation</i>, or <i>comfort</i>, signifies some alleviation to that pain to which it is not in our power to afford the proper and adequate remedy; they imply rather an augmentation of the power of bearing, than a diminution of the burden."</usage>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Comfortable</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com"fort*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>confortable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Strong; vigorous; valiant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<blockquote>Thy conceit is nearer death than thy powers. For my sake be <b>comfortable</b>; hold death a while at the arm's end.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Serviceable; helpful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Be <b>comfortable</b> to my mother, your mistress, and make much of her.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Affording or imparting comfort or consolation; able to comfort; cheering; <as>as, a <ex>comfortable</ex> hope</as>.</def> "Kind words and <i>comfortable</i>."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>comfortable</b> provision made for their subsistence.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In a condition of comfort; having comforts; not suffering or anxious; hence, contented; cheerful; <as>as, to lead a <ex>comfortable</ex> life</as>.</def>

<blockquote>My lord leans wondrously to discontent;
His <b>comfortable</b> temper has forsook him:
He is much out of health.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Free, or comparatively free, from pain or distress; -- used of a sick person.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Comfortable</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com"fort*a*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stuffed or quilted coverlet for a bed; a comforter; a comfort.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Comfortableness</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com"fort*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being comfortable or comforting manner.</def>

<blockquote>Speak ye <b>comfortably</b> to Jerusalem.
<i>Is. xl. 2.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comforter</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com"fort*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who administers comfort or consolation.</def>

<blockquote>Let no <b>comforter</b> delight mine ear
But such a one whose wrongs do suit with mine.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>The Holy Spirit, -- reffering to his office of comforting believers.</def>

<blockquote>But the <b>Comforter</b>, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things.
<i>John xiv. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A knit woolen tippet, long and narrow.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<blockquote>The American schoolboy takes off his <b>comforter</b> and unbuttons his jacket before going in for a snowball fight.
<i>Pop. Sci. Monthly.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A wadded bedquilt; a comfortable.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Job's comforter</col>, <cd>a boil. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Comfortless</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com"fort*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without comfort or comforts; in want or distress; cheerless.</def>

<blockquote><b>Comfortless</b> through turanny or might.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Forlorn; desolate; cheerless; inconsolable; disconsolate; wretched; miserable.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Com"fort*less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Com"fort*less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>When all is coldly, <b>comfortlessly</b> costly.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comfortment</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com"fort*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act or process of administering comfort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The gentle <b>comfortment</b> and entertainment of the said embassador.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comfortress</h1>
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<hw>Com"fort*ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who comforts.</def>

<blockquote>To be your <b>comfortress</b>, and to preserve you.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comfrey</h1>
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<hw>Com"frey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from F. <ets>conferve</ets>, L. <ets>conferva</ets>, fr. <ets>confervere</ets> to boil together, in medical language, to heal, grow together. So called on account of its healing power, for which reason it was also called <ets>consolida</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A rough, hairy, perennial plant of several species, of the genus <spn>Symphytum</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; A decoction of the mucilaginous root of the "common comfrey" (<spn>S. officinale</spn>) is used in cough mixtures, etc.; and the gigantic "prickly comfrey" (<spn>S. asperrimum</spn>) is somewhat cultivated as a forage plant.</note>

<h1>Comic</h1>
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<hw>Com"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>comicus</ets> pertaining to comedy, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>comique</ets>. See <er>Comedy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to comedy, as distinct from tragedy.</def>

<blockquote>I can not for the stage a drama lay,
Tragic or <b>comic</b>, but thou writ'st the play.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing mirth; ludicrous.</def> "<i>Comic</i> shows."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Comic</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A comedian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Steele.</i>

<h1>Comical</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to comedy.</def>

<blockquote>They deny it to be tragical because its catastrphe is a wedding, which hath ever been accounted <b>comical</b>.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exciting mirth; droll; laughable; <as>as, a <ex>comical</ex> story</as>.</def> "<i>Comical</i> adventures."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Humorous; laughable; funny. See <er>Droll</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Com"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Com"ic*al"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Comicality</h1>
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<hw>Com`i*cal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Comicalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <def>The quality of being comical; something comical.</def>

<h1>Comicry</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com"ic*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The power of exciting mirth; comicalness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>H. Giles.</i>

<h1>Coming</h1>
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<hw>Com"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Approaching; of the future, especially the near future; the next; <as>as, the <ex>coming</ex> week or year; the <ex>coming</ex> exhibition.</as></def>

<blockquote>Welcome the <b>coming</b>, speed the parting, guest.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Your <b>coming</b> days and years.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ready to come; complaisant; fond.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Coming</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Approach; advent; manifestation; <as>as, the <ex>coming</ex> of the train</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: The Second Advent of Christ.</def>

<cs><col>Coming in</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> <def>Entrance; entrance way; manner of entering; beginning.</def> "The goings out thereof, and the <i>comings in<i> thereof."</cd></cs>

<i>Ezek. xliii. 11</i>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Income or revenue.</def> "What are thy <i>comings in</i>?"

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Comitia</h1>
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<hw>Co*mi"ti*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A public assembly of the Roman people for electing officers or passing laws.</def>

<note>&hand; There were three kinds of <i>comitia</i>: <i>comitia curiata</i>, or assembly of the patricians, who voted in curi\'91; <i>comitia centuriata</i>, or assembly of the whole Roman people, who voted by centuries; and <i>comitia tributa</i>, or assembly of the plebeians according to their division into tribes.</note>

<h1>Comitial</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Co*mi"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>comitialis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to the comitia, or popular assembles of the Romans for electing officers and passing laws.</def>

<i>Middleton.</i>

<h1>Comity</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Comities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>comitas</ets>, fr. <ets>comis</ets> courteous, kind.]</ety> <def>Mildness and suavity of manners; courtesy between equals; friendly equals; friendly civility; <as>as, <ex>comity</ex> of manners; the <ex>comity</ex> of States.</as></def>

<cs><col>Comity of nations</col> <fld>(International Law)</fld>, <cd>the courtesy by which nations recognize within their own territory, or in their courts, the peculiar institutions of another nation or the rights and privileges acquired by its citizens in their own land. By some authorities private international law rests on this comity, but the better opinion is that it is part of the common law of the land, and hence is obligatory as law.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Civility; good breeding; courtesy; good will.</syn>

<h1>Comma</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>comma</ets> part of a sentence, comma, Gr. <?/ clause, fr. <?/ to cut off. Cf. <er>Capon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A character or point [,] marking the smallest divisions of a sentence, written or printed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A small interval (the difference beyween a major and minor half step), seldom used except by tuners.</def>

<cs><col>Comma bacillus</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of bacillus shaped like a comma, found in the intestines of patients suffering from cholera. It is considered by some as having a special relation to the disease; -- called also <altname>cholera bacillus</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Comma butterfly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American butterfly (<spn>Grapta comma</spn>), having a white comma-shaped marking on the under side of the wings.</cd></cs>

<h1>Command</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com*mand"</hw> <tt>(?; 61)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Commanded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Commanding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>comaunden</ets>, <ets>commanden</ets>, OF. <ets>comander</ets>, F. <ets>commander</ets>, fr. L. <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>mandare</ets> to commit to, to command. Cf. <er>Commend</er>, <er>Mandate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To order with authority; to lay injunction upon; to direct; to bid; to charge.</def>

<blockquote>We are <b>commanded</b> to forgive our enemies, but you never read that we are <b>commanded</b> to forgive our friends.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Go to your mistress:
Say, I <b>command</b> her come to me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exercise direct authority over; to have control of; to have at one's disposal; to lead.</def>

<blockquote>Monmouth <b>commanded</b> the English auxiliaries.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Such aid as I can spare you shall <b>command</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To have within a sphere of control, influence, access, or vision; to dominate by position; to guard; to overlook.</def>

<blockquote>Bridges <b>commanded</b> by a fortified house.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Up to the eastern tower,
Whose height <b>commands</b> as subject all the vale.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>One side <b>commands</b> a view of the finest garden.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To have power or influence of the nature of authority over; to obtain as if by ordering; to reeceive as a due; to challenge; to claim; <as>as, justice <ex>commands</ex> the respect and affections of the people; the best goods <ex>command</ex> the best price.</as></def>

<blockquote>'Tis not in mortals to <b>command</b> success.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To direct to come; to bestow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I will <b>command</b> my blessing upon you.
<i>Lev. xxv. 21.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To bid; order; direct; dictate; charge; govern; rule; overlook.</syn>

<h1>Command</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com*mand"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have or to exercise direct authority; to govern; to sway; to influence; to give an order or orders.</def>

<blockquote>And reigned, <b>commanding</b> in his monarchy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For the king had so <b>commanded</b> concerning [Haman].
<i>Esth. iii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have a view, as from a superior position.</def>

<blockquote>Far and wide his eye <b>commands</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Command</h1>
<Xpage=283>

<hw>Com*mand"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An authoritative order requiring obedience; a mandate; an injunction.</def>

<blockquote>A waiting what <b>command</b> their mighty chief
Had to impose.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The possession or exercise of authority.</def>

<blockquote><b>Command</b> and force may often create, but can never cure, an aversion.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Authority; power or right of control; leadership; <as>as, the forces under his <ex>command</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Power to dominate, command, or overlook by means of position; scope of vision; survey.</def>

<blockquote>Te steepy stand
Which overlooks the vale with wide <b>command</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Control; power over something; sway; influence; <as>as, to have <ex>command</ex> over one's temper or voice; the fort has <ex>command</ex> of the bridge.</as></def>

<blockquote>He assumed an absolute <b>command</b> over his readers.
<i>Druden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A body of troops, or any naval or military force or post, or the whole territory under the authority or control of a particular officer.</def>

<hr>
<page="284">
Page 284<p>

<cs><col>Word of command</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a word or phrase of definite and established meaning, used in directing the movements of soldiers; as, <i>aim<i>; <i>fire<i>; <i>shoulder arms<i>, etc.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Control; sway; power; authority; rule; dominion; sovereignty; mandate; order; injunction; charge; behest. See <er>Direction</er>.</syn>

<h1>Commandable</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mand"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being commanded.</def>

<h1>Commandant</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com`man*dant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., orig. p. pr. of <ets>commander</ets>.]</ety> <def>A commander; the commanding officer of a place, or of a body of men; <as>as, the <ex>commandant</ex> of a navy-yard</as>.</def>

<h1>Commandatory</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mand"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mandatory; <as>as, <ex>commandatory</ex> authority</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Commander</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mand"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>commandeur</ets>. Cf. <er>Commodore</er>, <er>Commender</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chief; one who has supreme authority; a leader; the chief officer of an army, or of any division of it.</def>

<blockquote>A leader and <b>commander</b> to the people.
<i>Is. lv. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Navy)</fld> <def>An officer who ranks next below a captain, -- ranking with a lieutenant colonel in the army.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The chief officer of a commandery.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A heavy beetle or wooden mallet, used in paving, in sail lofts, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Commander in chief</col>, <cd>the military title of the officer who has supreme command of the land or naval forces or the united forces of a nation or state; a generalissimo. The President is <i>commander in chief<i> of the army and navy of the United States.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Chief</er>.</syn>

<h1>Commandership</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mand"er*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a commander.</def>

<h1>Commandery</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mand"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Commanderies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>commanderie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The office or rank of a commander.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A district or a manor with lands and tenements appertaining thereto, under the control of a member of an order of knights who was called a <i>commander</i>; -- called also a <altname>preceptory</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An assembly or lodge of Knights Templars (so called) among the Freemasons.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A district under the administration of a military commander or governor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Brougham.</i>

<h1>Commanding</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mand"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exercising authority; actually in command; <as>as, a <ex>commanding</ex> officer</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fitted to impress or control; <as>as, a <ex>commanding</ex> look or presence</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Exalted; overlooking; having superior strategic advantages; <as>as, a <ex>commanding</ex> position</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Authoritative; imperative; imperious.</syn>

<h1>Commandingly</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mand"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a commanding manner.</def>

<h1>Commandment</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mand"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>commandement</ets>, F. <ets>commandement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An order or injunction given by authority; a command; a charge; a precept; a mandate.</def>

<blockquote>A new <b>commandment</b> I give unto you, that ye love one another.
<i>John xiii. 34.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>One of the ten laws or precepts given by God to the Israelites at Mount Sinai.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of commanding; exercise of authority.</def>

<blockquote>And therefore put I on the countenance
Of stern <b>commandment</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The offense of commanding or inducing another to violate the law.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>The Commandments</col>, <col>The Ten Commandments</col></mcol>, <cd>the Decalogue, or summary of God's commands, given to Moses at Mount Sinai. (<i>Ex. xx</i>.)</cd></cs>

<h1>Commandress</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mand"ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman invested with authority to command.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Commandry</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mand"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Commandery</er>.</def>

<h1>Commark</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com"mark`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of. <ets>comarque</ets>, or LL. <ets>commarca</ets>, <ets>commarcha</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>marcha</ets>, boundary. See <er>March</er> a confine.]</ety> <def>The frontier of a country; confines.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Commaterial</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com`ma*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of the same material.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Commatic</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Comma</er>.]</ety> <def>Having short clauses or sentences; brief; concise.</def>

<h1>Commatism</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com"ma*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Commatic</er>.]</ety> <def>Conciseness in writing.</def>

<i>Bp. Horsley.</i>

<h1>Commeasurable</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*meas"ur*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Commensurable</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the same measure; commensurate; proportional.</def>

<blockquote>She being now removed by death, a <b>commeasurable</b> grief took as full possession of him as joy had one.
<i>I. Walton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commeasure</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*meas"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To be commensurate with; to equal.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Commemorable</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mem"o*ra"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commemorabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Worthy to be commemorated.</def>

<h1>Commemorate</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mem"o*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Commemorated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Commemorating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>commemoratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>commemorare</ets> to remember; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>memorare</ets> to mention, fr. <ets>memor</ets> mindful. See <er>Memory</er>.]</ety> <def>To call to remembrance by a special act or observance; to celebrate with honor and solemnity; to honor, as a person or event, by some act of respect of affection, intended to preserve the remembrance of the person or event; <as>as, to <ex>commemorate</ex> the sufferings and dying love of our Savior by the sacrament of the Lord's Supper; to <ex>commemorate</ex> the Declaration of Independence by the observance of the Fourth of July.</as></def>

<blockquote>We are called upon to <b>commemorate</b> a revolution.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Celebrate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Commemoration</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mem`o*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commemoratio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of commemorating; an observance or celebration designed to honor the memory of some person or event.</def>

<blockquote>This sacrament was designed to be a standing <b>commemoration</b> of the death and passion of our Lord.
<i>Abp. Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The commonwealth which . . . chooses the most flagrant act of murderous regicide treason for a feast of eternal <b>commemoration</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Whatever serves the purpose of commemorating; a memorial.</def>

<cs><col>Commemoration day</col>, <cd>at the University of Oxford, Eng., an annual observance or ceremony in honor of the benefactors of the University, at which time honorary degrees are conferred.</cd></cs>

<h1>Commemorative</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mem"o*ra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending or intended to commemorate.</def> "A sacrifice <i>commemorative</i> of Christ's offering up his body for us."

<i>Hammond.</i>

<blockquote>An inscription <b>commemorative</b> of his victory.
<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commemorator</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mem"o*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who commemorates.</def>

<h1>Commemoratory</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mem"o*ra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to commemorate; commomerative.</def>

<i>Bp. Hooper.</i>

<h1>Commence</h1>
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<hw>Com*mence"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Commenced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Commencing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>commencer</ets>, OF. <ets>commencier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>initiare</ets> to begin. See <er>Initiate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have a beginning or origin; to originate; to start; to begin.</def>

<blockquote>Here the anthem doth <b>commence</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His heaven <b>commences</b> ere the world be past.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To begin to be, or to act as.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>We <b>commence</b> judges ourselves.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take a degree at a university.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>I question whether the formality of <b>commencing</b> was used in that age.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commence</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mence"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To enter upon; to begin; to perform the first act of.</def>

<blockquote>Many a wooer doth <b>commence</b> his suit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; It is the practice of good writers to use the verbal noun (instead of the infinitive with <i>to</i>) after <i>commence</i>; as, he <i>commenced studying</i>, not he <i>commenced to study</i>.</note>

<h1>Commencement</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mence"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>comencement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The first existence of anything; act or fact of commencing; rise; origin; beginnig; start.</def>

<blockquote>The time of Henry VII . . . nearly coincides with the <b>commencement</b> of what is termed "modern history."
<i><?/allam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The day when degrees are conferred by colleges and universities upon students and others.</def>

<h1>Commend</h1>
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<hw>Com*mend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Commended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Commending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>commendare</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>mandare</ets> to intrust to one's charge, enjoin, command. Cf. <er>Command</er>, <er>Mandate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To commit, intrust, or give in charge for care or preservation.</def>

<blockquote>His eye <b>commends</b> the leading to his hand.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Father, into thy hands I <b>commend</b> my spirit.
<i>Luke xxiii. 46.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To recommend as worthy of confidence or regard; to present as worthy of notice or favorable attention.</def>

<blockquote>Among the objects of knowlwdge, two especially <b>commend</b> themselves to our contemplation.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>commend</b> unto you Phebe our sister.
<i>Rom. xvi. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To mention with approbation; to praise; <as>as, to <ex>commend</ex> a person or an act</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Historians <b>commend</b> Alexander for weeping when he read the actions of Achilles.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To mention by way of courtesy, implying remembrance and good will.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Commend</b> me to my brother.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commend</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mend"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Commendation; praise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Speak in his just <b>commend</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Compliments; greetings.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Hearty <b>commends</b> and much endeared love to you.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commendable</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mend"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <note>(Formerly accented on the first syllable.)</note> <ety>[L. <ets>commendabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Worthy of being commended or praised; laudable; praiseworthy.</def>

<blockquote>Order and decent ceremonies in the church are not only comely but <b>commendable</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Com*mend"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Com*mend"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Commendam</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*men"dam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. dare in <ets>commendam</ets> to give into trust.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>A vacant living or benefice commended to a cleric (usually a bishop) who enjoyed the revenue until a pastor was provided. A living so held was said to be held <i>in commendam</i>. The practice was abolished by law in 1836.</def>

<blockquote>There was [formerly] some sense for <b>commendams</b>.
<i>Selden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Partnership in commendam</col>. <cd>See under <er>Partnership</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Commendatary</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mend"a*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>commendataire</ets>, LL. <ets>commendatarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who holds a living <i>in commendam</i>.</def>

<h1>Commendation</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com`men*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commendatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of commending; praise; favorable representation in words; recommendation.</def>

<blockquote>Need we . . . epistles of <b>commendatiom</b>?
<i>2 Cor. iii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By the <b>commendation</b> of the great officers.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is the ground of approbation or praise.</def>

<blockquote>Good nature is the most godlike <b>commendation</b> of a man.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A message of affection or respect; compliments; greeting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Hark you, Margaret;
No princely <b>commendations</b> to my king?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commendator</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mend"a*tor</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>One who holds a benefice in commendam; a commendatary.</def>

<i>Chalmers.</i>

<h1>Commendatory</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mend"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commendatorius</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Serving to commend; containing praise or commendation; commending; praising.</def> "<i>Commendatory</i> verses."

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Holding a benefice <i>in commendam</i>; <as>as, a <ex>commendatory</ex> bishop</as>.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<cs><col>Commendatory prayer</col> <fld>(Book of Common Prayer)</fld>, <cd>a prayer read over the dying. "The <i>commendatory prayer<i> was said for him, and, as it ended, he [William III.] died."</cd></cs>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Commendatory</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mend"a*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A commendation; eulogy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Commendatories</i> to our affection."

<i>Sharp.</i>

<h1>Commender</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mend"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who commends or praises.</def>

<h1>Commensal</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*men"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>commensalis</ets>; L. <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>mensa</ets> table: cf. F. <ets>commensal</ets>. Cf. Mensal.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who eats at the same table.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal, not truly parasitic, which lives in with, or on, another, partaking usually of the same food. Both species may be benefited by the association.</def>

<h1>Commensal</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*men"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the character of a commensal.</def>

<h1>Commensalism</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*men"sal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of eating together; table fellowship.</def>

<h1>Commensality</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com`men*sal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fellowship at table; the act or practice of eating at the same table.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Promiscuous <i>commensality</i>."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Commensation</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com`men*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Commensality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Daniel . . . declined pagan <b>commensation</b>.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commensurability</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>commensurabilite</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being commersurable.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Commensurable</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*men"su*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commensurabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>mensurable</ets>. See <er>Commensurate</er>, and cf. <er>Commeasurable</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a common measure; capable of being exactly measured by the same number, quantity, or measure.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Com*men"su*ra*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><mcol><col>Commensurable numbers</col> &or; <col>quantities</col></mcol> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>those that can be exactly expressed by some common unit; thus a foot and yard are <i>commensurable<i>, since both can be expressed in terms of an inch, one being 12 inches, the other 36 inches.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Numbers</col>, &or; <col>Quantities</col>, <col>commensurable in power</col></mcol>, <cd>those whose squares are commensurable.</cd></cs>

<h1>Commensurably</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*men"su*ra*bly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a commensurable manner; so as to be commensurable.</def>

<h1>Commensurate</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*men"su*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Commensurated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Commensurating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>mensurate</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce to a common measure.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To proportionate; to adjust.</def>

<i>T. Puller</i>

<h1>Commensurate</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*men"su*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a common measure; commensurable; reducible to a common measure; <as>as, <ex>commensurate</ex> quantities</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Equal in measure or extent; proportionate.</def>

<blockquote>Those who are persuaded that they shall continue forever, can not choose but aspire after a hapiness <b>commensurate</b> to their duration.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commensurately</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*men"su*rate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a commensurate manner; so as to be equal or proportionate; adequately.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With equal measure or extent.</def>

<i>Goodwin.</i>

<h1>Commensurateness</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*men"su*rate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being commensurate.</def>

<i>Foster.</i>

<h1>Commensuration</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*men`su*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>commensuration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of commensurating; the state of being commensurate.</def>

<blockquote>All fitness lies in a particular <b>commensuration</b>, or proportion of one thing to another.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comment</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com"ment</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Commented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Commenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>commenter</ets>, L. <ets>commentary</ets> to meditate upon, explain, v. intens, of <ets>comminisci</ets>, <ets>commentus</ets>, to reflect upon, invent; <ets>com-</ets> + the root of <ets>meminisse</ets> to remember, <ets>mens</ets> mind. See <er>Mind</er>.]</ety> <def>To make remarks, observations, or criticism; especially, to write notes on the works of an author, with a view to illustrate his meaning, or to explain particular passages; to write annotations; -- often followed by <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<blockquote>A physician to <b>comment</b> on your malady.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Critics . . . proceed to <b>comment</b> on him.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I must translate and <b>comment</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comment</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com"ment</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To comment on.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Comment</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>comment</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A remark, observation, or criticism; gossip; discourse; talk.</def>

<blockquote>Their lavish <b>comment</b> when her name was named.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A note or observation intended to explain, illustrate, or criticise the meaning of a writing, book, etc.; explanation; annotation; exposition.</def>

<blockquote>All the volumes of philosophy,
With all their <b>comments</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commentary</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com"men*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Commentaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>commentarius</ets>, <ets>commentarium</ets>, note book, commentary: cf. F. <ets>commentaire</ets>. See <er>Comment</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A series of comments or annotations; esp., a book of explanations or expositions on the whole or a part of the Scriptures or of some other work.</def>

<blockquote>This letter . . . was published by him with a severe <b>commentary</b>.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A brief account of transactions or events written hastily, as if for a memorandum; -- usually in the plural; <as>as, Caesar's <ex>Commentaries</ex> on the Gallic War</as>.</def>

<h1>Commentate</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com"men*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commentatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>commentari</ets> to meditate.]</ety> <def>To write comments or notes upon; to make comments.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Commentate</b> upon it, and return it enriched.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commentation</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com`men*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of commenting or criticising; exposition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The spirit of <b>commentation</b>.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The result of the labors of a commentator.</def>

<h1>Commentator</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com"men*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commentator</ets>: cf. F. <ets>commentateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who writes a commentary or comments; an expositor; an annotator.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>commentator's</b> professed object is to explain, to enforce, to illustrate doctrines claimed as true.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commentatorial</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com`men*ta*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the making of commentaries.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Commentatorship</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com"men*ta`tor*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or occupation of a commentator.</def>

<h1>Commenter</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com"ment`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes or writes comments; a commentator; an annotator.</def>

<h1>Commentitious</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com`men*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commentitius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fictitious or imaginary; unreal; <as>as, a <ex>commentitious</ex> system of religion</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Warburton.</i>

<h1>Commerce</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com"merce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <note>(Formerly accented on the second syllable.)</note> <ety>[F. <ets>commerce</ets>, L. <ets>commercium</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>merx</ets>, <ets>mercis</ets>, merchadise. See <er>Merchant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The exchange or buying and selling of commodities; esp. the exchange of merchandise, on a large scale, between different places or communities; extended trade or traffic.</def>

<blockquote>The public becomes powerful in proportion to the opulence and extensive <b>commerce</b> of private men.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Social intercourse; the dealings of one person or class in society with another; familiarity.</def>

<blockquote>Fifteen years of thought, observation, and <b>commerce</b> with the world had made him [Bunyan] wiser.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sexual intercourse.</def>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A round game at cards, in which the cards are subject to exchange, barter, or trade.</def>

<i>Hoyle.</i>

<cs><col>Chamber of commerce</col>. <cd>See <er>Chamber</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Trade; traffic; dealings; intercourse; interchange; communion; communication.</syn>

<h1>Commerce</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*merce"</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>v. i. </tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Commerced</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p>. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Commercing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>commercer</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>commerciare</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To carry on trade; to traffic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Beware you <b>commerce</b> not with bankrupts.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hold intercourse; to commune.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote><b>Commercing</b> with himself.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Musicians . . . taught the people in angelic harmonies to <b>commerce</b> with heaven.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commercial</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mer"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>commercial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to commerce; carrying on or occupied with commerce or trade; mercantile; <as>as, <ex>commercial</ex> advantages; <ex>commercial</ex> relations.</as></def> "Princely <i>commercial houses</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<cs><col>Commercial college</col>, <cd>a school for giving instruction in commercial knowledge and business.</cd> -- <col>Commercial law</col>. <cd>See under <er>Law</er>.</cd> -- <col>Commercial note paper</col>, <cd>a small size of writing paper, usually about 5 by 7\'ab or 8 inches.</cd> -- <col>Commercial paper</col>, <cd>negotiable paper given in due course of business. It includes bills of exchange, promissory notes, bank cheks, etc.</cd> -- <col>Commercial traveler</col>, <cd>an agent of a wholesale house who travels from town to town to solicit orders.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Mercantile</er>.</syn>

<h1>Commercialism</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mer"cial*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The commercial spirit or method.</def>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Commercially</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mer"cial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a commercial manner.</def>

<h1>Commigrate</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com"mi*grate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commigrare</ets>, <ets>commigratum</ets>.]</ety> <def>To migrate together.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Commigration</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com`mi*gra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commigratio</ets>.]</ety>  <def>Migration together.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Commination</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com`mi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>comminatio</ets>, from <ets>comminary</ets> to threaten; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>minari</ets> to threaten: cf. F. <ets>commination</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A threat or threatening; a denunciation of punishment or vengeance.</def>

<blockquote>With terrible <b>comminations</b> to all them that did resist.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An office in the liturgy of the Church of England, used on Ash Wednesday, containing a recital of God's anger and judgments against sinners.</def>

<h1>Comminatory</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*min"a*to"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>comminatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Threatening or denouncing punishment; <as>as, <ex>comminatory</ex> terms</as>.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Commingle</h1>
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<hw>Com*min"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Commingled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Commingling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To mingle together; to mix in one mass, or intimately; to blend.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Comminute</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com"mi*nute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Comminuted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Comminuting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>comminutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>comminuere</ets> to comminute; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>minuere</ets> to lessen. See <er>Minute</er>.]</ety> <def>To reduce to minute particles, or to a fine powder; to pulverize; to triturate; to grind; <as>as, to <ex>comminute</ex> chalk or bones; to <ex>comminute</ex> food with the teeth.</as></def>

<i>Pennant.</i>

<cs><col>Comminuted fracture</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fracture</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Comminution</h1>
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<hw>Com`mi*nu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reducing to a fine powder or to small particles; pulverization; the state of being comminuted.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Fracture (of a bone) into a number of pieces.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Gradual diminution by the removal of small particles at a time; a lessening; a wearing away.</def>

<blockquote>Natural and necessary <b>comminution</b> of our lives.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commiserable</h1>
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<hw>Com*mis"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pitiable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Commiserate</h1>
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<hw>Com*mis"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Commiserated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Commiserating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>commiseratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>commiserari</ets> to commiserate; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>miserari</ets> to pity. See <er>Miserable</er>.]</ety> <def>To feel sorrow, pain, or regret for; to pity.</def>

<blockquote>Then must we those, who groan, beneath the weight
Of age, disease, or want, <b>commiserate</b>.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We should <b>commiserate</b> our mutual ignorance.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To pity; compassionate; lament; condole.</syn>

<h1>Commiseration</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mis`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>commis<?/ration</ets>, fr. L. <ets>commiseratio</ets> a part of an oration intended to exite compassion.]</ety> <def>The act of commiserating; sorrow for the wants, afflictions, or distresses of another; pity; compassion.</def>

<blockquote>And pluck <b>commiseration</b> of his state
From brassy bosoms and rough hearts of flint.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Sympathy</er>.</syn>

<h1>Commiserative</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mis"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Feeling or expressing commiseration.</def>

<i>Todd.</i>

<h1>Commiserator</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mis"er*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pities.</def>

<h1>Commissarial</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com`mis*sa"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a commissary.</def>

<h1>Commissariat</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com`mis*sa"ri*at</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>commissariat</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The organized system by which armies and military posts are supplied with food and daily necessaries.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The body of officers charged with such service.</def>

<h1>Commissary</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com"mis*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Commissaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[LL. <ets>commissarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>commissus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>committere</ets> to commit, intrust to. See <er>Commit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One to whom is committed some charge, duty, or office, by a superior power; a commissioner.</def>

<blockquote>Great Destiny, the <b>Commissary</b> of God.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An officer on the bishop, who exercises ecclesiastical jurisdiction in parts of the diocese at a distance from the residence of the bishop.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An officer having charge of a special sevice; <as>as, the <ex>commissary</ex> of musters</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An officer whose business is to provide food for a body of troops or a military post; -- officially called <i>commissary of subsistence</i>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<blockquote>Washington wrote to the President of Congress . . . urging the appointment of a commissary general, a quartermaster general, a <b>commissary</b> of musters, and a <b>commissary</b> of artillery.
<i>W. Irving</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Commissary general</col>, <cd>an officer in charge of some special department of army service</cd>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The officer in charge of the commissariat and transport department, or of the ordinace store department.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The commissary general of subsistence.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Commissary general of subsistence</col> <fld>(Mil. U. S.)</fld>, <cd>the head of the subsistence department, who has charge of the purchase and issue of provisions for the army.</cd></cs>

<h1>Commissaryship</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com"mis*sa*ry*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or employment of a commissary.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Commission</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>commissio</ets>. See <er>Commit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of committing, doing, or performing; the act of perpetrating.</def>

<blockquote>Every <b>commission</b> of sin introduces into the soul a certain degree of hardness.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of intrusting; a charge; instructions as to how a trust shall be executed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The duty or employment intrusted to any person or persons; a trust; a charge.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A formal written warrant or authority, granting certain powers or privileges and authorizing or commanding the performance of certain duties.</def>

<blockquote>Let him see our <b>commission</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A certificate conferring military or naval rank and authority; <as>as, a colonel's <ex>commission</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A company of persons joined in the performance of some duty or the execution of some trust; <as>as, the interstate commerce <ex>commission</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>commission</b> was at once appointed to examine into the matter.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The acting under authority of, or on account of, another.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The thing to be done as agent for another; <as>as, I have three <ex>commissions</ex> for the city</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The brokerage or allowance made to a factor or agent for transacting business for another; <as>as, a <ex>commission</ex> of ten per cent on sales</as>. See <er>Del credere</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Commission of array</col>. <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Array</er>.</cd> -- <col>Commission of bankrupty</col>, <cd>a commission apointing and empowering certain persons to examine into the facts relative to an alleged bankrupty, and to secure the bankrupt's lands and effects for the creditors.</cd> -- <col>Commission of lunacy</col>, <cd>a commission authoring and inquiry whether a person is a lunatic or not.</cd> -- <col>Commission merchant</col>, <cd>one who buys or sells goods on commission, as the agent of others, receiving a rate per cent as his compensation.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Commission</col>, &or; <col>Commissioned</col>, <col>officer</col></mcol> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>one who has a commission, in distingtion from a noncommossioned or warrant officer.</cd> -- <col>Commission of the peace</col>, <cd>a commission under the great seal, constituting one or more persons justices of the peace.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>To put a vessel into commission</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to equip and man a goverment vessel, and send it out on service after it has been laid up; esp., the formal act of tacking command of a vessel for service, hoisting the flag, reading the orders, etc.</cd> -- <col>To put a vessel out of commission</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to detach the officers and crew and retire it from active service, temporarily or permanently.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To put the great seal</col>, &or; <col>the Treasury, into commission</col></mcol>, <cd>to place it in the hands of a commissioner or commissioners during the abeyance of the ordinary administration, as between the going out of one lord keeper and accession of another.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>The United States Christians Commission</col>, <cd>an organization among the people of the North, during the Civil War, which afforded material comforts to the Union soldiers, and performed services of a religious character in the field and in hospitals.</cd> -- <col>The United States Sanitary Commission</col>, <cd>an organization formed by the people of the North to co\'94perate with and supplement the medical department of the Union armies during the Civil War.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Charge; warrant; authority; mandate; office; trust; employment.</syn>

<h1>Commission</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Commissioned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Commissioning</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give a commission to; to furnish with a commission; to empower or authorize; <as>as, to <ex>commission</ex> persons to perform certain acts; to <ex>commission</ex> an officer.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To send out with a charge or commission.</def>

<blockquote>A chosen band
He first <b>commissions</b> to the Latian land.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To appoint; depute; authorize; empower; delegate; constitute; ordain.</syn>

<h1>Commissional, Commissionary</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw><hw>Com*mis"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Com*mis"sion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of pertaining to, or conferring, a commission; conferred by a commission or warrant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Delegate or <b>commissionary</b> authority.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commissionate</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mis"sion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To commission</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Commissioner</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mis"sion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person who has a commission or warrant to perform some office, or execute some bussiness, for the goverment, corporation, or person employing him; <as>as, a <ex>commissioner</ex> to take affidavits or to adjust claims</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To another adress which requisted that a commission might be sent to examine into the state of things in Ireland, William returned a gracious answer, and desired the Commons to name the <b>commissioners</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An officer having charge of some department or bureau of the public service.</def>

<blockquote>Herbert was first <b>commissioner</b> of the Admiralty.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>commissioner</b> of patents, the <b>commissioner</b> of the land office, the <b>commissioner</b> of Indian affairs, are subotdinates of the secretary of the interior.
<i>Bartlett.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Commissioner of deeds</col>, <cd>an officer having authority to take affidavits, depositions, acknowledgment of deeds, etc., for use in the State by which he is appointed.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>County commissioners</col>, <cd>certain administrative officers in some of the States, invested by local laws with various powers in reference to the roads, courthouses, financial matters, etc., of the county. <mark>[U. S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Commissionnaire</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mis`sion*naire"</hw> <tt>(?; F. ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>commissio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An agent or factor; a commission merchant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of a class of attendants, in some European cities, who perform miscellaneous services for travelers.</def>

<h1>Commissionship</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mis"sion*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of commissioner.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Commissive</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mis"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to commission; of the nature of, or involving, commission.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Commissural</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mis"su*ral</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a commissure.</def>

<h1>Commissure</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mis"sure</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 134-6)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commissura</ets> a joing together: cf. F. <ets>commissure</ets>. See <er>Commit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A joint, seam, or closure; the place where two bodies, or parts of a body, meet and unite; an interstice, cleft, or juncture.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The point of union between two parts, as the angles of the lips or eyelids, the mandibles of a bird, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A collection of fibers connecting parts of the brain or spinal marrow; a chiasma.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The line of junction or cohering face of two carpels, as in the parsnip, caraway, etc.</def>

<h1>Commit</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Commited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Commiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>committere</ets>, <ets>commissum</ets>, to connect, commit; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>mittere</ets> to send. See <er>Mission</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give in trust; to put into charge or keeping; to intrust; to consign; -- used with <i>to</i>, <i>unto</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Commit</b> thy way unto the Lord.
<i>Ps. xxxvii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Bid him farewell, <b>commit</b> him to the grave.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put in charge of a jailor; to imprison.</def>

<blockquote>These two were <b>commited</b>.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To do; to perperate, as a crime, sin, or fault.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt not <b>commit</b> adultery.
<i>Ex. xx. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To join a contest; to match; -- followed by <i>with</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To pledge or bind; to compromise, expose, or endanger by some decisive act or preliminary step; -- often used reflexively; <as>as, to <ex>commit</ex> one's self to a certain course</as>.</def>

<blockquote>You might have satisfied every duty of political friendship, without <b>commiting</b> the honor of your sovereign.
<i>Junius.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Any sudden assent to the proposal . . . might possibly be considered as <b>committing</b> the faith of the United States.
<i>Marshall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To confound.</def> <mark>[An obsolete Latinism.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Committing</b> short and long [quantities].
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To commit a bill</col> <fld>(Legislation)</fld>, <cd>to refer or intrust it to a committee or others, to be considered and reported.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To commit to memory</col>, &or; <col>To commit</col></mcol>, <cd>to learn by heart; to memorize.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>To Commit</er>, <er>Intrust</er>, <er>Consign</er>.</syn> <usage> These words have in common the idea of transferring from one's self to the care and custody of another. <i>Commit</i> is the widest term, and may express only the general idea of delivering into the charge of another; as, to <i>commit</i> a lawsuit to the care of an attorney; or it may have the special sense of intrusting with or without limitations, as to a superior power, or to a careful servant, or of consigning, as to writing or paper, to the flames, or to prison. To <i>intrust</i> denotes the act of committing to the exercise of confidence or trust; as, to <i>intrust</i> a friend with the care of a child, or with a secret. To <i>consign</i> is a more formal act, and regards the thing transferred as placed chiefly or wholly out of one's immediate control; as, to <i>consign</i> a pupil to the charge of his instructor; to <i>consign</i> goods to an agent for sale; to <i>consign</i> a work to the press.</usage>

<h1>Commit</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com"mit</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sin; esp., to be incontinent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Commit</b> not with man's sworn spouse.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commitment</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mit"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of commiting, or putting in charge, keeping, or trust; consigment; esp., the act of commiting to prison.</def>

<blockquote>They were glad to compound for his bare <b>commitment</b> to the Tower, whence he was within few days enlarged.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A warrant or order for the imprisonment of a person; -- more frequently termed a <i>mittimus</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of referring or intrusting to a committee for consideration and report; <as>as, the <ex>commitment</ex> of a petition or a bill</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A doing, or preperation, in a bad sense, as of a crime or blunder; commission.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The act of pledging or engaging; the act of exposing, endangering, or compromising; also, the state of being pledged or engaged.</def>

<i>Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Committable</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mit"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being committed.</def>

<h1>Committal</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mit"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of commiting, or the state of being committed; commitment.</def>

<h1>Committee</h1>
<Xpage=284>

<hw>Com*mit"tee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>comit\'82</ets> company, and LL. <ets>comitatus</ets> jurisdiction or territory of a count, county, assize, army. The word was apparently influenced by the verb <ets>commit</ets>, but not directly formed from it. Cf. <er>County</er>.]</ety> <def>One or more persons elected or appointed, to whom any matter or bussiness is referred, either by a legislative body, or by a court, or by any collective body of men acting together.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Commitee of the whole [house]</col>, <cd>a committee, embracing all the members present, into which a legislative or deliberative body sometimes resolves itself, for the purpose of considering a particular measure under the operation of different rules from those governing the general legislative proceedings. The <i>committee of the whole<i> has its own chairman, and reports its action in the form of recommendations.</cd> -- <col>Standing committee</col>. <cd>See under <er>Standing</er>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="286">
Page 286<p>

<h1>Committee</h1>
<Xpage=286>

<hw>Com`mit*tee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Commit</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One to whom the charge of the person or estate of another, as of a lunatic, is committed by suitable authority; a guardian.</def>

<h1>Committeeman</h1>
<Xpage=286>

<hw>Com*mit"tee*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A member of a committee.</def>

<h1>Committer</h1>
<Xpage=286>

<hw>Com*mit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who commits; one who does or perpetrates.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fornicator.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Decker.</i>

<h1>Committible</h1>
<Xpage=286>

<hw>Com*mit"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being committed; liable to be committed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Commix</h1>
<Xpage=286>

<hw>Com*mix"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Commixed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Commixing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>com</ets>+ + <ets>mix</ets>: cf. L. <ets>commixtus</ets>, p. p.of <ets>commiscere</ets>. See <er>Mix</er>.]</ety> <def>To mix or mingle together; to blend.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>commixed</b> impressions of all the colors do stir up and beget a sensation of white.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>commix</b>
With winds that sailors rail at.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commixion</h1>
<Xpage=286>

<hw>Com*mix"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Commix</er>.]</ety> <def>Commixture.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Commixtion</h1>
<Xpage=286>

<hw>Com*mix"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commixtio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Commixture; mingling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>An exact <b>commixtion</b> of the ingredients.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commixture</h1>
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<hw>Com*mix"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commixtura</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of mixing; the state of being mingled; the blending of ingredients in one mass or compound.</def>

<blockquote>In the <b>commixture</b> of anything that is more oily or sweet, such bodies are least apt to putrefy.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The mass formed by mingling different things; a compound; a mixture.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Commodate</h1>
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<hw>Com"mo*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commodatum</ets> thing lent, loan.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A gratuitous loan.</def>

<h1>Commode</h1>
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<hw>Com*mode"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>commode</ets>, fr. <ets>commode</ets> convenient, L. <ets>commodus</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>modus</ets> measure, mode. See <er>Mode</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of headdress formerly worn by ladies, raising the hair and fore part of the cap to a great height.</def>

<blockquote>Or under high <b>commodes</b>, with looks erect.
<i>Granville.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of furniture, so named according to temporary fashion; as: (a) A cheat of drawers or a bureau. <sd>(b)</sd> A night stand with a compartment for holding a chamber vessel. <sd>(c)</sd> A kind of close stool. <sd>(d)</sd> A movable sink for a wash bowl, with closet.</def>

<h1>Commodious</h1>
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<hw>Com*mo"di*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>commodiosus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>commodum</ets> convenience, fr. <ets>commodus</ets>. See <er>Commode</er>.]</ety> <def>Adapted to its use or purpose, or to wants and necessities; serviceable; spacious and convenient; roomy and comfortable; <as>as, a <ex>commodious</ex> house</as>.</def> "A <i>commodious</i> drab." <i>Shak.</i> "<i>Commodious</i> gold." <i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>The haven was not <b>commodious</b> to winter in.
<i>Acts. xxvii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Convenient; suitable; fit; proper; advantageous; serviceable; useful; spacious; comfortable.</syn>

<h1>Commodiously</h1>
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<hw>Com*mo"di*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a commodious manner.</def>

<blockquote>To pass <b>commodiously</b> this life.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commodiousness</h1>
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<hw>Com*mo"di*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being commodious; suitableness for its purpose; convience; roominess.</def>

<blockquote>Of cities, the greatness and riches increase according to the <b>commodiousness</b> of their situation.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>commodiousness</b> of the harbor.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commodity</h1>
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<hw>Com*mod"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Commodities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>commodit<?/</ets>, fr. L. <ets>commoditas</ets>. See <er>Commode</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Convenience; accommodation; profit; benefit; advantage; interest; commodiousness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Drawn by the <b>commodity</b> of a footpath.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Men may seek their own <b>commodity</b>, yet if this were done with injury to others, it was not to be suffered.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which affords convenience, advantage, or profit, especially in commerce, including everything movable that is bought and sold (except animals), -- goods, wares, merchandise, produce of land and manufactures, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A parcel or quantity of goods.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>commodity</b> of brown paper and old ginger.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commodore</h1>
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<hw>Com"mo*dore`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. a corruption of <ets>commander</ets>, or Sp. <ets>comendador</ets> a knight of a military order who holds a commandery; also a superior of a monastery;, fr. LL. <ets>commendare</ets> to command. Cf. <er>Commend</er>, <er>Command</er>, <er>Commander</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(U. S. Navy)</fld> <def>An officer who ranks next above a captain; sometimes, by courtesy, the senior captain of a squadron. The rank of commodore corresponds with that of brigadier general in the army.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Brititsh Navy)</fld> <def>A captain commanding a squadron, or a division of a fleet, or having the temporary rank of rear admiral.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A title given courtesy to the senior captain of a line of merchant vessels, and also to the chief officer of a yachting or rowing club.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A familiar for the flagchip, or for the principal vessel of a squadron or fleet.</def>

<h1>Common</h1>
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<hw>Com"mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Commoner</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Commonest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>commun</ets>, <ets>comon</ets>, OF. <ets>comun</ets>, F. <ets>commun</ets>, fr. L. <ets>communis</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>munis</ets> ready to be of service; cf. Skr. <ets>mi</ets> to make fast, set up, build, Coth. <ets>gamains</ets> common, G. <ets>gemein</ets>, and E. <ets>mean</ets> low, common. Cf. <er>Immunity</er>, <er>Commune</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging or relating equally, or similary, to more than one; <as>as, you and I have a <ex>common</ex> interest in the property</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Though life and sense be <b>common</b> to men and brutes.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Belonging to or shared by, affecting or serving, all the members of a class, consired together; general; public; <as>as, propertis <ex>common</ex> to all plants; the <ex>common</ex> schools; the Book of <ex>Common</ex> Prayer.</as></def>

<blockquote>Such actions as the <b>common</b> good requereth.
<i>Hocker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>common</b> enemy of man.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Often met with; usual; frequent; customary.</def>

<blockquote>Grief more than <b>common</b> grief.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not distinguished or exceptional; inconspicuous; ordinary; plebeian; -- often in a depreciatory sense.</def>

<blockquote>The honest, heart-felt enjoyment of <b>common</b> life.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This fact was infamous
And ill beseeming any <b>common</b> man,
Much more a knight, a captain and a leader.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Above the vulgar flight of <b>common</b> souls.
<i>A. Murpphy.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Profane; polluted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What God hath cleansed, that call not thou <b>common</b>.
<i>Acts x. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Given to habits of lewdness; prostitute.</def>

<blockquote>A dame who herself was <b>common</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Common bar</col> <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>Same as <i>Blank bar<i>, under <er>Blank</er>.</cd> -- <col>Common barrator</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one who makes a business of instigating litigation.</cd> -- <col>Common Bench</col>, <cd>a name sometimes given to the English Court of Common Pleas.</cd> -- <col>Common brawler</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one addicted to public brawling and quarreling. See <er>Brawler</er>.</cd> -- <col>Common carrier</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one who undertakes the office of carrying (goods or persons) for hire. Such a carrier is bound to carry in all cases when he has accommodation, and when his fixed price is tendered, and he is liable for all losses and injuries to the goods, except those which happen in consequence of the act of God, or of the enemies of the country, or of the owner of the property himself.</cd> -- <col>Common chord</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a chord consisting of the fundamental tone, with its third and fifth.</cd> -- <col>Common council</col>, <cd>the representative (legislative) body, or the lower branch of the representative body, of a city or other munisipal corporation.</cd> -- <col>Common crier</col>, <cd>the crier of a town or city.</cd> -- <col>Common divisor</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a number or quantity that divides two or more numbers or quantities without a remainder; a common measure.</cd> -- <col>Common gender</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>the gender comprising words that may be of either the masculine or the feminine gender.</cd> -- <col>Common law</col>, <cd>a system of jurisprudence developing under the guidance of the courts so as to apply a consistent and reasonable rule to each litigated case. It may be superseded by statute, but unless superseded it controls.</cd> <i>Wharton.</i> <note>It is by others defined as the unwritten law (especially of England), the law that receives its binding force from immemorial usage and universal reception, as ascertained and expressed in the judgments of the courts. This term is often used in contradistinction from <i>statute law. Many use it to designate a law <i>common</i> to the whole country. It is also used to designate the whole body of English (or other) law, as distinguished from its subdivisions, local, civil, admiralty, equity, etc. See <er>Law</er>.</note> -- <col>Common lawyer</col>, <cd>one versed in common law.</cd> -- <col>Common lewdness</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the habitual performance of lewd acts in public.</cd> -- <col>Common multiple</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Multiple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Common noun</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>the name of any one of a class of objects, as distinguished from a <i>proper noun</i> (the name of a particular person or thing).</cd> -- <col>Common nuisance</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>that which is deleterious to the health or comfort or sense of decency of the community at large.</cd> -- <col>Common pleas</col>, <cd>one of the three superior courts of common law at Westminster, presided over by a chief justice and four puisne judges. Its jurisdiction is confined to civil matters. Courts bearing this title exist in several of the United States, having, however, in some cases, botth civil and criminal jurisdiction extending over the whole State. In other States the jurisdiction of the common pleas is limited to a county, and it is sometimes called a <altname>county court</altname>. Its powers are generally defined by statute.</cd> -- <col>Common prayer</col>, <cd>the liturgy of the Church of England, or of the Protestant Episcopal church of the United States, which all its clergy are enjoined use. It is contained in the Book of Common Prayer.</cd> -- <col>Common school</col>, <cd>a school maintained at the public expense, and open to all.</cd> -- <col>Common scold</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a woman addicted to scolding indiscriminately, in public.</cd> -- <col>Common seal</col>, <cd>a seal adopted and used by a corporation</col>. -- <col>Common sense</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A supposed sense which was held to be the common bond of all the others.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Trench.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Sound judgment. See under <er>Sense</er>.</cd> -- <col>Common time</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>that variety of time in which the measure consists of two or of four equal portions.</cd> -- <col>In common</col>, <cd>equally with another, or with others; owned, shared, or used, in community with others; affecting or affected equally.</cd> -- <col>Out of the common</col>, <cd>uncommon; extraordinary.</cd> -- <col>Tenant in common</col>, <cd>one holding real or personal property in common with others, having distinct but undivided interests. See <cref>Joint tenant</cref>, under <er>Joint</er>.</cd> -- <col>To make common cause with</col>, <cd>to join or ally one's self with.</cd>

<syn>Syn. -- General; public; popular; universal; frequent; ordinary; customary; usual; familiar; habitual; vulgar; mean; trite; stale; threadbare; commonplace. See <er>Mutual</er>, <er>Ordinary</er>, <er>General</er>.</syn>

<h1>Common</h1>
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<hw>Com"mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The people; the community.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The weal o' the <i>common</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inclosed or uninclosed tract of ground for pleasure, for pasturage, etc., the use of which belongs to the public; or to a number of persons.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The right of taking a profit in the land of another, in common either with the owner or with other persons; -- so called from the community of interest which arises between the claimant of the right and the owner of the soil, or between the claimants and other commoners entitled to the same right.</def>

<cs><col>Common appendant</col>, <cd>a right belonging to the owners or occupiers of arable land to put commonable beasts upon the waste land in the manor where they dwell.</cd> -- <col>Common appurtenant</col>, <cd>a similar right applying to lands in other manors, or extending to other beasts, besides those which are generally commonable, as hogs.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Common because of vicinage</col> &or; <col>neighborhood</col></mcol>, <cd>the right of the inhabitants of each of two townships, lying contiguous to each other, which have usually intercommoned with one another, to let their beasts stray into the other's fields.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Common in gross</col>  &or; <col>at large</col></mcol>, <cd>a common annexed to a man's person, being granted to him and his heirs by deed; or it may be claimed by prescriptive right, as by a parson of a church or other corporation sole.</cd>  <i>Blackstone.</i> -- <col>Common of estovers</col>, <cd>the right of taking wood from another's estate.</cd> -- <col>Common of pasture</col>, <cd>the right of feeding beasts on the land of another.</cd> <i>Burill.</i> -- <col>Common of piscary</col>, <cd>the right of fishing in waters belonging to another.</cd> -- <col>Common of turbary</col>, <cd>the right of digging turf upon the ground of another.</cd></cs>

<h1>Common</h1>
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<hw>Com"mon</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To converse together; to discourse; to confer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Embassadors were sent upon both parts, and divers means of entreaty were <b>commoned</b> of.
<i>Grafton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To participate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To have a joint right with others in common ground.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To board together; to eat at a table in common.</def>

<h1>Commonable</h1>
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<hw>Com"mon*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Held in common.</def> "Forests . . . and other <i>commonable</i> places."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Allowed to pasture on public commons.</def>

<blockquote><b>Commonable</b> beasts are either beasts of the plow, or such as manure the ground.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commonage</h1>
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<hw>Com"mon*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>communage</ets>.]</ety> <def>The right of pasturing on a common; the right of using anything in common with others.</def>

<blockquote>The claim of <b>comonage</b> . . . in most of the forests.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commonalty</h1>
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<hw>Com"mon*al*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Commonalties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Of. <ets>communalt\'82</ets>; F. <ets>communaut\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>communal</ets>. See <er>Communal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The common people; those classes and conditions of people who are below the rank of nobility; the commons.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>commonalty</b>, like the nobility, are divided into several degrees.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ancient fare of our kings differed from that of the <b>commonalty</b> in plenteousness only.
<i>Landon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The majority or bulk of mankind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Commoner</h1>
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<hw>Com"mon*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the common people; one having no rank of nobility.</def>

<blockquote>All below them [the peers] even their children, were <b>commoners</b>, and in the eye law equal to each other.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of the House of Commons.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who has a joint right in common ground.</def>

<blockquote>Much good land might be gained from forests . . . and from other commonable places, so as always there be a due care taken that the poor <b>commoners</b> have no injury.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One sharing with another in anything.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A student in the university of Oxford, Eng., who is not dependent on any foundation for support, but pays all university charges; -- at Cambrige called a <i>pensioner</i>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A prostitute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Commonish</h1>
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<hw>Com"mon*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat common; commonplace; vulgar.</def>

<h1>Commonition</h1>
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<hw>Com`mo*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commonitio</ets>. See <er>Monition</er>.]</ety> <def>Advice; warning; instruction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Commonitive</h1>
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<hw>Com*mon"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Monitory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Only commemorative and <b>commonitive</b>.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commonitory</h1>
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<hw>Com*mon"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commonitorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Calling to mind; giving admonition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Commonly</h1>
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<hw>Com"mon*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Usually; generally; ordinarily; frequently; for the most part; <as>as, confirmed habits <ex>commonly</ex> continue trough life</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In common; familiary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Commonness</h1>
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<hw>Com"mon*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>State or quality of being common or usual; <as>as, the <ex>commonness</ex> of sunlight</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Triteness; meanness.</def>

<h1>Commonplace</h1>
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<hw>Com"mon*place`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Common; ordinary; trite; <as>as, a <ex>commonplace</ex> person, or observation</as>.</def>

<h1>Commonplace</h1>
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<hw>Com"mon*place`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An idea or expression wanting originality or interest; a trite or customary remark; a platitude.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A memorandum; something to be frequently consulted or referred to.</def>

<blockquote>Whatever, in my reading, occurs concerning this our fellow creature, I do never fail to set it down by way of <b>commonplace</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Commonplace book</col>, <cd>a book in which records are made of things to be remembered.</cd></cs>

<h1>Commonplace</h1>
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<hw>Com"mon*place`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To enter in a commonplace book, or to reduce to general heads.</def>

<i>Felton.</i>

<h1>Commonplace</h1>
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<hw>Com"mon*place`</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To utter commonplaces; to indulge in platitudes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Commonplaceness</h1>
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<hw>Com"mon*place`ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being commonplace; commonness.</def>

<h1>Commons</h1>
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<hw>Com"mons</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>, <p><b>1.</b> <def>The mass of the people, as distinguished from the titled chasses or nobility; the commonalty; the common people.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>'T is like the <b>commons</b>, rude unpolished hinds,
Could send such message to their sovereign.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The word <b>commons</b> in its present ordinary signification comprises all the people who are under the rank of peers.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The House of Commons, or lower house of the British Parliament, consisting of representatives elected by the qualified voters of counties, boroughs, and universities.</def>

<blockquote>It is agreed that the <b>Commons</b> were no part of the great council till some ages after the Conquest.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Provisions; food; fare, -- as that provided at a common table in colleges and universities.</def>

<blockquote>Their <b>commons</b>, though but coarse, were nothing scant.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A club or association for boarding at a common table, as in a college, the members sharing the expenses equally; <as>as, to board in <ex>commons</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A common; public pasture ground.</def>

<blockquote>To shake his ears, and graze in <b>commons</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Doctors' Commons</col>, <cd>a place near St. Paul's Chuchyard in London where the doctors of civil law used to common together, and where were the ecclesiastical and admiralty courts and offices having jurisdiction of marriage licenses, divorces, registration of wills, etc.</cd> -- <col>To be on short commons</col>, <cd>to have small allowance of food. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Common sense</h1>
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<hw>Com"mon sense"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <cref>Common sense</cref>, under <er>Sense</er>.</def>

<h1>Commonty</h1>
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<hw>Com"mon*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A common; a piece of land in which two or more persons have a common right.</def>

<i>Bell.</i>

<h1>Commonweal</h1>
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<hw>Com"mon*weal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <wordforms>[<ets>Common</ets> + <ets>weal</ets>.]</wordforms> <def>Commonwealth.</def>

<blockquote>Such a prince,
So kind a father of the <b>commonweal</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commonwealth</h1>
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<hw>Com"mon*wealth`</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Common</ets> + <ets>wealth</ets> well-being.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A state; a body politic consisting of a certain number of men, united, by compact or tacit agreement, under one form of government and system of laws.</def>

<blockquote>The trappings of a monarchy would set up an ordinary <b>commonwealth</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="287">
Page 287<p>

<note>&hand; This term is applied to governments which are considered as free or popular, but rarely, or improperly, to an absolute government. The word signifies, strictly, the <i>common well-being</i> or <i>happiness</i>; and hence, a form of government in which the general welfare is regarded rather than the welfare of any class.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The whole body of people in a state; the public.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>Specifically, the form of government established on the death of Charles I., in 1649, which existed under Oliver Cromwell and his son Richard, ending with the abdication of the latter in 1659.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- State; realm; republic.</syn>

<h1>Commorance</h1>
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<hw>Com"mo*rance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Commorancy</er>.</def>

<h1>Commorancy</h1>
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<hw>Com"mo*ran*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A dwelling or ordinary residence in a place; habitation.</def>

<blockquote><b>Commorancy</b> consists in usually lying there.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Am. Law)</fld> <def>Residence temporarily, or for a short time.</def>

<h1>Commorant</h1>
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<hw>Com"mo*rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commorans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>commorari</ets> to abide; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>morari</ets> to delay.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Ordinarily residing; inhabiting.</def>

<blockquote>All freeholders within the precinct . . . and all persons <b>commorant</b> therein.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Am. Law)</fld> <def>Inhabiting or occupying temporarily.</def>

<h1>Commorant</h1>
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<hw>Com"mo*rant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A resident.</def>

<i>Bp. Hacket.</i>

<h1>Commoration</h1>
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<hw>Com`mo*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commoratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of staying or residing in a place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Commorient</h1>
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<hw>Com*mo"ri*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commoriens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>commoriri</ets>.]</ety> <def>Dying together or at the same time.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir G. Buck.</i>

<h1>Commorse</h1>
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<hw>Com*morse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commorsus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>commordere</ets> to bite sharply.]</ety> <def>Remorse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "With sad <i>commorse</i>."

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Commote</h1>
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<hw>Com*mote"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Commove</er>.]</ety> <def>To commove; to disturb; to stir up.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Society being more or less <b>commoted</b> and made uncomfortable.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commotion</h1>
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<hw>Com*mo"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commotio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>commotion</ets>. See <er>Motion</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Disturbed or violent motion; agitation.</def>

<blockquote>[What] <b>commotion</b> in the winds!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A popular tumult; public disturbance; riot.</def>

<blockquote>When ye shall hear of wars and <b>commotions</b>.
<i>Luke xxi. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Agitation, perturbation, or disorder, of mind; heat; excitement.</def> "He could not debate anything without some <i>commotion</i>."

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Excitement; agitation; perturbation; disturbance; tumult; disorder; violence.</syn>

<h1>Commove</h1>
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<hw>Com*move"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>inp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Commoved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Commoving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>commovere</ets>, <ets>commotum</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>movere</ets> to move.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To urge; to persuade; to incite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put in motion; to disturb; to unsettle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Straight the sands,
<b>Commoved</b> around, in gathering eddies play.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Communal</h1>
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<hw>Com"mu*nal</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>communal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a commune.</def>

<h1>Communalism</h1>
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<hw>Com"mu*nal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A French theory of government which holds that commune should be a kind of independent state, and the national government a confederation of such states, having only limited powers. It is advocated by advanced French republicans; but it should not be confounded with communism.</def>

<h1>Communalist</h1>
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<hw>Com"mu*nal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>communaliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>An advocate of communalism.</def>

<h1>Communalistic</h1>
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<hw>Com`mu*nal*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to communalism.</def>

<h1>Commune</h1>
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<hw>Com*mune"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Communed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Communing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>communier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>communicare</ets> to communicate, fr. <ets>communis</ets> common. See <er>Common</er>, and cf. <er>Communicate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To converse together with sympathy and confidence; to interchange sentiments or feelings; to take counsel.</def>

<blockquote>I would <b>commune</b> with you of such things
That want no ear but yours.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To receive the communion; to partake of the eucharist or Lord's supper.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>commune</b> under both kinds.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To commune with one's self</col> &or; <col>one's heart</col></mcol>, <cd>to think; to reflect; to meditate.</cd></cs>

<h1>Commune</h1>
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<hw>Com"mune</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Communion; sympathetic intercourse or conversation between friends.</def>

<blockquote>For days of happy <b>commune</b> dead.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commune</h1>
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<hw>Com"mune</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>commun</ets>. See <er>Common</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The commonalty; the common people.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>In this struggle -- to use the technical words of the time -- of the "<b>commune</b>", the general mass of the inhabitants, against the "prudhommes" or "wiser" few.
<i>J. R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small terrotorial district in France under the government of a mayor and municipal council; also, the inhabitants, or the government, of such a district. See <er>Arrondissement</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Absolute municipal self-government.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>The Commune of Paris</col>, &or; <col>The Commune</col></mcol> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The government established in Paris (1792-94) by a usurpation of supreme power on the part of representatives chosen by the communes; the period of its continuance is known as the "Reign of Terror."</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The revolutionary government, modeled on the commune of 1792, which the communists, so called, attempted to establish in 1871.</cd></cs>

<h1>Communicability</h1>
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<hw>Com*mu`ni*ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>communicabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being communicable; capability of being imparted.</def>

<h1>Communicable</h1>
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<hw>Com*mu"ni*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>communicable</ets>, LL. <ets>communicabilis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being communicated, or imparted; <as>as, a <ex>communicable</ex> disease; <ex>communicable</ex> knowledge.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Communicative; free-speaking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Com*mu"ni*ca*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Com*mu"ni*ca"bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Communicant</h1>
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<hw>Com*mu"ni*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>communicans</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who partakes of, or is entitled to partake of, the sacrament of the Lord's supper; a church member.</def>

<blockquote>A never-failing monthly <b>communicant</b>.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who communicates.</def>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Communicant</h1>
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<hw>Com*mu"ni*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Communicating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Communicate</h1>
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<hw>Com*mu"ni*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Communicated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Communicating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>communicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>communicare</ets> to communicate, fr. <ets>communis</ets> common. See <er>Commune</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To share in common; to participate in.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To thousands that <b>communicate</b> our loss.
<i>B. Jonson</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To impart; to convey; <as>as, to <ex>communicate</ex> a disease or a sensation; to <ex>communicate</ex> motion by means of a crank.</as></def>

<blockquote>Where God is worshiped, there he <b>communicates</b> his blessings and holy influences.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make known; to recount; to give; to impart; <as>as, to <ex>communicate</ex> information to any one</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To administer the communion to.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>She [the church] . . . may <b>communicate</b> him.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This verb was formerly followed by <i>with</i> before the person receiving, but now usually takes <i>to</i> after it.</note>

<blockquote>He <b>communicated</b> those thoughts only with the Lord Digby.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To impart; bestow; confer; reveal; disclose; tell; announce; recount; make known.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Communicate</er>, <er>Impart</er>, <er>Reveal</er>. <i>Communicate</i> is the more general term, and denotes the allowing of others to partake or enjoy in common with ourselves. <i>Impart</i> is more specific. It is giving to others a part of what we had held as our own, or making them our partners; as, to <i>impart</i> our feelings; to <i>impart</i> of our property, etc. Hence there is something more intimate in <i>imparting</i> intelligence than in <i>communicating</i> it. To <i>reveal</i> is to disclose something hidden or concealed; as, to <i>reveal</i> a secret.</usage>

<h1>Communicate</h1>
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<hw>Com*mu"ni*cate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To share or participate; to possess or enjoy in common; to have sympathy.</def>

<blockquote>Ye did <b>communicate</b> with my affliction.
<i>Philip. iv. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give alms, sympathy, or aid.</def>

<blockquote>To do good and to <b>communicate</b> forget not.
<i>Heb. xiii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To have intercourse or to be the means of intercourse; <as>as, to <ex>communicate</ex> with another on business</as>; to be connected; <as>as, a <ex>communicating</ex> artery</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Subjects suffered to <b>communicate</b> and to have intercourse of traffic.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The whole body is nothing but a system of such canals, which all <b>communicate</b> with one another.
<i>Arbutnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To partake of the Lord's supper; to commune.</def>

<blockquote>The primitive Christians <b>communicated</b> every day.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Communication</h1>
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<hw>Com*mu`ni*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>communicatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or fact of communicating; <as>as, <ex>communication</ex> of smallpox; <ex>communication</ex> of a secret.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Intercourse by words, letters, or messages; interchange of thoughts or opinions, by conference or other means; conference; correspondence.</def>

<blockquote>Argument . . . and friendly <b>communication</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Association; company.</def>

<blockquote>Evil <b>communications</b> corrupt manners.
<i>1 Cor. xv. 33.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Means of communicating; means of passing from place to place; a connecting passage; connection.</def>

<blockquote>The Euxine Sea is conveniently situated for trade, by the <b>communication</b> it has both with Asia and Europe.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which is communicated or imparted; intelligence; news; a verbal or written message.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Participation in the Lord's supper.</def>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A trope, by which a speaker assumes that his hearer is a partner in his sentiments, and says <i>we</i>, instead of <i>I</i> or <i>you</i>.</def>

<i>Beattie.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Correspondence; conference; intercourse.</syn>

<h1>Communicative</h1>
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<hw>Com*mu"ni*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Communicatif</ets>, LL. <ets>communicativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Inclined to communicate; ready to impart to others.</def>

<blockquote>Determine, for the future, to be less <b>communicative</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Communicativeness</h1>
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<hw>Com*mu"ni*ca*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being communicative.</def>

<i>Norris.</i>

<h1>Communicator</h1>
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<hw>Com*mu"ni*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who communicates.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Communicatory</h1>
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<hw>Com*mu"ni*ca"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>communicatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Imparting knowledge or information.</def>

<blockquote>Canonical and <b>communicatory</b> letters.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Communion</h1>
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<hw>Com*mun"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>communio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>communion</ets>. See <er>Common</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of sharing; community; participation.</def> "This <i>communion</i> of goods."

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Intercourse between two or more persons; esp., intimate association and intercourse implying sympathy and confidence; interchange of thoughts, purposes, etc.; agreement; fellowship; <as>as, the <ex>communion</ex> of saints</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We are naturally induced to seek <b>communion</b> and fellowship with others.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What <b>communion</b> hath light with darkness?
<i>2 Cor. vi. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Bare <b>communion with a good church can never alone make a good man</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A body of Christians having one common faith and discipline; <as>as, the Presbyterian <ex>communion</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The sacrament of the eucharist; the celebration of the Lord's supper; the act of partaking of the sacrament; <as>as, to go to <ex>communion</ex>; to partake of the <ex>communion</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>Close communion</col>. <cd>See under <er>Close</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>Communion elements</col>, <cd>the bread and wine used in the celebration of the Lord's supper.</cd> -- <col>Communion service</col>, <cd>the celebration of the Lord's supper, or the office or service therefor.</cd> -- <col>Communion table</col>, <cd>the table upon which the elements are placed at the celebration of the Lord's supper.</cd> -- <col>Communion in both kinds</col>, <cd>participation in both the bread and wine by all communicants.</cd> -- <col>Communion in one kind</col>, <cd>participation in but one element, as in the Roman Catholic Church, where the laity partake of the bread only.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Share; participation; fellowship; converse; intercourse; unity; concord; agreement.</syn>

<h1>Communism</h1>
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<hw>Com"mu*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>communisme</ets>, fr. <ets>commun</ets> common.]</ety> <def>A scheme of equalizing the social conditions of life; specifically, a scheme which contemplates the abolition of inequalities in the possession of property, as by distributing all wealth equally to all, or by holding all wealth in common for the equal use and advantage of all.</def>

<note>&hand; At different times, and in different countries, various schemes pertaining to socialism in government and the conditions of domestic life, as well as in the distribution of wealth, have been called <i>communism</i>.</note>

<h1>Communist</h1>
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<hw>Com"mu*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>communiste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An advocate for the theory or practice of communism.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A supporter of the commune of Paris.</def>

<h1>Communistic</h1>
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<hw>Com`mu*nis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to communism or communists; <as>as, <ex>communistic</ex> theories</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Living or having their nests in common, as certain birds.</def>

<h1>Community</h1>
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<hw>Com*mu"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Communities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>communitas</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>communit\'82</ets>. Cf. <er>Commonalty</er>, and see <er>Common</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Common possession or enjoyment; participation; <as>as, a <ex>community</ex> of goods</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The original <b>community</b> of all things.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An unreserved <b>community</b> of thought and feeling.
<i>W. Irwing.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A body of people having common rights, privileges, or interests, or living in the same place under the same laws and regulations; <as>as, a <ex>community</ex> of monks</as>. Hence a number of animals living in a common home or with some apparent association of interests.</def>

<blockquote>Creatures that in <b>communities</b> exist.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Society at large; a commonwealth or state; a body politic; the public, or people in general.</def>

<blockquote>Burdens upon the poorer classes of the <b>community</b>.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In this sense, the term should be used with the definite article; as, the interests of <i>the</i> community.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Common character; likeness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The essential <b>community</b> of nature between organic growth and inorganic growth.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Commonness; frequency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Eyes . . . sick and blunted with <b>community</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commutability</h1>
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<hw>Com*mu`ta*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being commutable.</def>

<h1>Commutable</h1>
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<hw>Com*mut"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commutabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being commuted or interchanged.</def>

<blockquote>The predicate and subject are not <b>commutable</b>.
<i>Whately.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commutableness</h1>
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<hw>Com*mut"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being commutable; interchangeableness.</def>

<h1>Commutation</h1>
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<hw>Com`mu*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>commutatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>commutation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A passing from one state to another; change; alteration; mutation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>So great is the <b>commutation</b> that the soul then hated only that which now only it loves.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of giving one thing for another; barter; exchange.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The use of money is . . . that of saving the <b>commutation</b> of more bulky commodities.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The change of a penalty or punishment by the pardoning power of the State; <as>as, the <ex>commutation</ex> of a sentence of death to banishment or imprisonment</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Suits are allowable in the spiritual courts for money agreed to be given as a <b>commutation</b> for penance.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A substitution, as of a less thing for a greater, esp. a substitution of one form of payment for another, or one payment for many, or a specific sum of money for conditional payments or allowances; <as>as, <ex>commutation</ex> of tithes; <ex>commutation</ex> of fares; <ex>commutation</ex> of copyright; <ex>commutation</ex> of rations.</as></def>

<cs><col>Angle of commutation</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the difference of the geocentric longitudes of the sun and a planet.</cd> -- <col>Commutation of tithes</col>, <cd>the substitution of a regular payment, chargeable to the land, for the annual tithes in kind.</cd> -- <col>Commutation ticket</col>, <cd>a ticket, as for transportation, which is the evidence of a contract for service at a reduced rate. See 2d <er>Commute</er>, 2.</cd></cs>

<h1>Commutative</h1>
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<hw>Com*mut"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>commutatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relative to exchange; interchangeable; reciprocal.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Com*mut"a*tive"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Rich traders, from their success, are presumed . . . to have cultivated an habitual regard to <b>commutative</b> justice.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commutator</h1>
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<hw>Com"mu*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A piece of apparatus used for reversing the direction of an electrical current; an attachment to certain electrical machines, by means of which alternating currents are made to be continuous or to have the same direction.</def>

<h1>Commute</h1>
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<hw>Com*mute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Commuted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Commuting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>commutare</ets>, <ets>-mutatum</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>mutare</ets> to change. See <er>Mutation</er>.]</ety> <def>To exchange; to put or substitute something else in place of, as a smaller penalty, obligation, or payment, for a greater, or a single thing for an aggregate; hence; to lessen; to diminish; <as>as, to <ex>commute</ex> a sentence of death to one of imprisonment for life; to <ex>commute</ex> tithes; to <ex>commute</ex> charges for fares.</as></def>

<blockquote>The sounds water and fire, being once annexed to those two elements, it was certainly more natural to call beings participating of the first "watery", and the last "fiery", than to <b>commute</b> the terms, and call them by the reverse.
<i>J. Harris</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The utmost that could be obtained was that her sentence should be <b>commuted</b> from burning to beheading.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Commute</h1>
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<hw>Com*mute"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To obtain or bargain for exemption or substitution; to effect a commutation.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . thinks it unlawful to <b>commute</b>, and that he is bound to pay his vow in kind.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pay, or arrange to pay, in gross instead of part by part; <as>as, to <ex>commute</ex> for a year's travel over a route</as>.</def>

<h1>Commuter</h1>
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<hw>Com*mut"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who commutes; especially, one who commutes in traveling.</def>

<h1>Commutual</h1>
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<hw>Com*mu"tu*al</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>mutual</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mutual; reciprocal; united.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>There, with <b>commutual</b> zeal, we both had strove.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comose</h1>
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<hw>Co"mose</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>comosus</ets> hairy, from <ets>coma</ets> hair.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing a tuft of soft hairs or down, as the seeds of milkweed.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Compact</h1>
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<hw>Com*pact"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compactus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>compingere</ets> to join or unite; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>pangere</ets> to fasten, fix: cf. F. <ets>compacte</ets>. See <er>Pact</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Joined or held together; leagued; confederated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Compact</i> with her that's gone."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>A pipe of seven reeds, <b>compact</b> with wax together.
<i>Peacham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Composed or made; -- with <i>of</i>.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>A wandering fire,
<b>Compact</b> of unctuous vapor.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Closely or firmly united, as the particles of solid bodies; firm; close; solid; dense.</def>

<blockquote>Glass, crystal, gems, and other <b>compact</b> bodies.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Brief; close; pithy; not diffuse; not verbose; <as>as, a <ex>compact</ex> discourse</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Firm; close; solid; dense; pithy; sententious.</syn>

<h1>Compact</h1>
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<hw>Com*pact"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Compacted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Compacting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To thrust, drive, or press closely together; to join firmly; to consolidate; to make close; -- as the parts which compose a body.</def>

<blockquote>Now the bright sun <b>compacts</b> the precious stone.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To unite or connect firmly, as in a system.</def>

<blockquote>The whole body fitly joined together and <b>compacted</b> by that which every joint supplieth.
<i>Eph. iv. 16.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compact</h1>
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<hw>Com"pact</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compactum</ets>, fr. <ets>compacisci</ets>, p. p. <ets>compactus</ets>, to make an agreement with; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>pacisci</ets> to make an agreement. See <er>Pact</er>.]</ety> <def>An agreement between parties; a covenant or contract.</def>

<blockquote>The law of nations depends on mutual <b>compacts</b>, treaties, leagues, etc.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wedlock is described as the indissoluble <b>compact</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The federal constitution has been styled a <b>compact</b> between the States by which it was ratified.
<i>Wharton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Covenant</er>.</syn>

<h1>Compacted</h1>
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<hw>Com*pact"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Compact; pressed close; concentrated; firmly united.</def>

<h1>Compactedly</h1>
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<hw>Com*pact"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a compact manner.</def>

<h1>Compactedness</h1>
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<hw>Com*pact"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being compact.</def>

<h1>Compacter</h1>
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<hw>Com*pact"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes a compact.</def>

<h1>Compactible</h1>
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<hw>Com*pact"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be compacted.</def>

<h1>Compaction</h1>
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<hw>Com*pac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compactio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of making compact, or the state of being compact.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Compactly</h1>
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<hw>Com*pact"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a compact manner; with close union of parts; densely; tersely.</def>

<h1>Compactness</h1>
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<hw>Com*pact"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being compact; close union of parts; density.</def>

<h1>Compacture</h1>
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<hw>Com*pac"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compactura</ets>.]</ety> <def>Close union or connection of parts; manner of joining; construction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "With comely compass and <i>compacture</i> strong."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Compages</h1>
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<hw>Com*pa"ges</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing & pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>compingere</ets>. See <er>Compact</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A system or structure of many parts united.</def>

<blockquote>A regular <b>compages</b> of pipes and vessels.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compaginate</h1>
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<hw>Com*pag"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compaginare</ets>, <ets>compaginatum</ets>.]</ety> <def>To unite or hold together; <as>as, the side pieces <ex>compaginate</ex> the frame</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Compagination</h1>
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<hw>Com*pag`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compaginatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Union of parts; structure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Companable</h1>
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<hw>Com"pa*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>compaignable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Companionable; sociable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Companator</h1>
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<hw>Com"pa*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>companatores</ets>, pl.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Impanator</er>.</def>

<h1>Companiable</h1>
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<hw>Com*pan"i*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Companionable; sociable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Companion</h1>
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<hw>Com*pan"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>compagnon</ets>, OF. <ets>compaing</ets>, fr. as assumed LL. <ets>companio</ets> (cf. <ets>companium</ets> fellowship, a mess), fr. L. <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>panis</ets> bread. See <er>Pantry</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who accompanies or is in company with another for a longer or shorter period, either from choice or casually; one who is much in the company of, or is associated with, another or others; an associate; a comrade; a consort; a partner.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>companions</b> of his fall.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>companion</b> of fools shall smart for it.
<i>Prov. xiii. 20 (Rev. Ver. )</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Here are your sons again; and I must lose
Two of the sweetest <b>companions</b> in the world.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>companion</b> is one with whom we share our bread; a messmate.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A knight of the lowest rank in certain orders; <as>as, a <ex>companion</ex> of the Bath</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A fellow; -- in contempt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[Cf. OSp. <ets>compa\'a4a</ets> an outhouse, office.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A skylight on an upper deck with frames and sashes of various shapes, to admit light to a cabin or lower deck.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A wooden hood or penthouse covering the companion way; a companion hatch.</def>

<cs><col>Companion hatch</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a wooden porch over the entrance or staircase of the cabin.</cd> -- <col>Companion ladder</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the ladder by which officers ascend to, or descend from, the quarter-deck.</cd> <i>Totten.</i> -- <col>Companion way</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a staircase leading to the cabin.</cd> -- <col>Knights companions</col>, <cd>in certain honorary orders, the members of the lowest grades as distinguished from knights commanders, knights grand cross, and the like.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Associate; comrade; mate; compeer; partner; ally; confederate; coadjutor; accomplice.</syn>

<h1>Companion</h1>
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<hw>Com*pan"ion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be a companion to; to attend on; to accompany.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ruskin.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To qualify as a companion; to make equal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Companion</b> me with my mistress.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Companionable</h1>
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<hw>Com*pan"ion*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fitted to be a companion; fit for good fellowship; agreeable; sociable.</def> "Each <i>companionable</i> guest." <i>Mallett.</i> "<i>Companionable</i> wit." <i>Clarendon.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Com*pan"ion*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Com*pan"ion*a*bly</wf>, adv.</wordforms>

<h1>Companionless</h1>
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<hw>Com*pan"ion*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a companion.</def>

<h1>Companionship</h1>
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<hw>Com*pan"ion*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fellowship; association; the act or fact of keeping company with any one.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He never seemed to avail himself of my sympathy other than by mere <b>companionship</b>.
<i>W. Irwing</i></blockquote>

<h1>Company</h1>
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<hw>Com"pa*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Companies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>compagnie</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>compaing</ets>. See <er>Companion</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being a companion or companions; the act of accompaying; fellowship; companionship; society; friendly intercourse.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Evil <b>company</b> doth corrupt good manners.
<i>1 Cor. xv. 33. (Rev. Ver. ).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Brethren, farewell: your <b>company</b> along
I will not wish.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A companion or companions.</def>

<blockquote>To thee and thy <b>company</b> I bid
A hearty welcome.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An assemblage or association of persons, either permanent or transient.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt meet a <b>company</b> of prophets.
<i>1 Sam. x. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Guests or visitors, in distinction from the members of a family; <as>as, to invite <ex>company</ex> to dine</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Society, in general; people assembled for social intercourse.</def>

<blockquote>Nature has left every man a capacity of being agreeable, though not of shining in <b>company</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An association of persons for the purpose of carrying on some enterprise or business; a corporation; a firm; <as>as, the East India <ex>Company</ex>; an insurance <ex>company</ex>; a joint-stock <ex>company</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Partners in a firm whose names are not mentioned in its style or title; -- often abbreviated in writing; <as>as, Hottinguer & <ex>Co</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A subdivision of a regiment of troops under the command of a captain, numbering in the United States (full strength) 100 men.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The crew of a ship, including the officers; <as>as, a whole ship's <ex>company</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>The body of actors employed in a theater or in the production of a play.</def>

<cs><col>To keep company with</col>. <cd>See under <er>Keep</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Assemblage; assembly; society; group; assembly; society; group; circle; crowd; troop; crew; gang; corporation; association; fraternity; guild; partnership; copartnery; union; club; party; gathering.</syn>

<h1>Company</h1>
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<hw>Com"pa*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Companied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Companying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To accompany or go with; to be companion to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Company</h1>
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<hw>Com"pa*ny</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To associate.</def>

<blockquote>Men which have <b>companied</b> with us all the time.
<i>Acts i. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be a gay companion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To have sexual commerce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Comparable</h1>
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<hw>Com"pa*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>comparabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>comparable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being compared; worthy of comparison.</def>

<blockquote>There is no blessing of life <b>comparable</b> to the enjoyment of a discreet and virtuous friend.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Com"pa*ra*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Com"pa*ra*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Comparate</h1>
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<hw>Com"pa*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>comparatum</ets>, fr. <ets>comparatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>comparare</ets>. See 1st <er>Compare</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>One of two things compared together.</def>

<h1>Comparation</h1>
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<hw>Com`pa*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>comparatio</ets>. See <er>Compare</er> to get.]</ety> <def>A making ready; provision.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Comparative</h1>
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<hw>Com*par"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>comparativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>comparatif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to comparison.</def> "The <i>comparative</i> faculty."

<i>Granvill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Proceeding from, or by the method of, comparison; <as>as, the <ex>comparative</ex> anatomy</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Estimated by comparison; relative; not positive or absolute, as compared with another thing or state.</def>

<blockquote>The recurrence of <b>comparative</b> warmth and cold.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The bubble, by reason of its <b>comparative</b> levity to the fluid that incloses it, would necessarily ascend to the top.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Expressing a degree greater or less than the positive degree of the quality denoted by an adjective or adverb. The comparative degree is formed from the positive by the use of -<i>er</i>, <i>more</i>, or <i>less</i>; <as>as, brighter, <ex>more</ex> bright, or <ex>less</ex> bright</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Comparative sciences</col>, <cd>those which are based on a comprehensive comparison of the range of objects or facts in any branch or department, and which aim to study out and treat of the fundamental laws or systems of relation pervading them; as, <i>comparative anatomy<i>, <i>comparative physiology<i>, <i>comparative philology<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Comparative</h1>
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<hw>Com*par"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs; also, the form by which the comparative degree is expressed; <as>as, <ex>stronger</ex>, <ex>wiser</ex>, <ex>weaker</ex>, <ex>wore stormy</ex>, <ex>less windy</ex>, are all <ex>comparatives</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>comparatives</b> is expressed a relation of two; as in superlatives there is a relation of many.
<i><?/ngus.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An equal; a rival; a compeer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Gerard ever was
His full <b>comparative</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who makes comparisons; one who affects wit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Every beardless vain <i>comparative</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Comparatively</h1>
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<hw>Com*par"a*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to estimate made by comparison; relatively; not positively or absolutely.</def>

<blockquote>With but <b>comparatively</b> few exceptions.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comparator</h1>
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<hw>Com"pa*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a comparater.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument or machine for comparing anything to be measured with a standard measure; -- applied especially to a machine for comparing standards of length.</def>

<h1>Compare</h1>
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<hw>Com*pare"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Compared</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Comparing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.<ets>comparare</ets>, fr. <ets>compar</ets> like or equal to another; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>par</ets> equal: cf. F. <ets>comparer</ets>. See <er>Pair</er>, <er>Peer</er> an equal, and cf. <er>Compeer</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To examine the character or qualities of, as of two or more persons or things, for the purpose of discovering their resemblances or differences; to bring into comparison; to regard with discriminating attention.</def>

<blockquote><b>Compare</b> dead happiness with living woe.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The place he found beyond expression bright,
<b>Compared</b> with aught on earth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Compare</b> our faces and be judge yourself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>compare</b> great things with small.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To represent as similar, for the purpose of illustration; to liken.</def>

<blockquote>Solon <b>compared</b> the people unto the sea, and orators and counselors to the winds; for that the sea would be calm and quiet if the winds did not trouble it.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To inflect according to the degrees of comparison; to state positive, comparative, and superlative forms of; as, most adjectives of one syllable are <ex>compared</ex> by affixing "-er" and "-est" to the positive form; <as>as, <ex>black</ex>, <ex>blacker</ex>, <ex>blackest</ex></as>; those of more than one syllable are usually <i>compared</i> by prefixing "more" and "most", or "less" and "least", to the positive; <as>as, <ex>beautiful</ex>, <ex>more beautiful</ex>, <ex>most beautiful</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Compare</er>, <er>Compare with</er>, <er>Compare to</er>.</syn> <usage> Things are compared <i>with</i> each other in order to learn their relative value or excellence. Thus we compare Cicero <i>with</i> Demosthenes, for the sake of deciding which was the greater orator. One thing is compared <i>to</i> another because of a real or fanciful likeness or similarity which exists between them. Thus it has been common to compare the eloquence of Demosthenes <i>to</i> a thunderbolt, on account of its force, and the eloquence of Cicero <i>to</i> a conflagration, on account of its splendor. Burke compares the parks of London <i>to</i> the lungs of the human body.</usage>

<h1>Compare</h1>
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<hw>Com*pare"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be like or equal; to admit, or be worthy of, comparison; <as>as, his later work does not <ex>compare</ex> with his earlier</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I should <b>compare</b> with him in excellence.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To vie; to assume a likeness or equality.</def>

<blockquote>Shall pack horses . . . <b>compare</b> with C\'91sars?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compare</h1>
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<hw>Com*pare"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Comparison.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>His mighty champion, strong beyond <b>compare</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their small galleys may not hold <b>compare</b>
With our tall ships.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Illustration by comprison; simile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Rhymes full of protest, of oath, and big <b>compare</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Beyond compare</col>. <cd>See <cref>Beyond comparison</cref>, under <er>Comparison</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Compare</h1>
<Xpage=287>

<hw>Com*pare"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>comparare</ets> to prepare, procure; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>parare</ets>. See <er>Prepare</er>, <er>Parade</er>.]</ety> <def>To get; to procure; to obtain; to acquire</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To fill his bags, and richesse to <b>compare</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comparer</h1>
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<hw>Com*par"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who compares.</def>

<h1>Comparison</h1>
<Xpage=287>

<hw>Com*par"i*son</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>comparaison</ets>, L. <ets>comparatio</ets>. See 1st <er>Compare</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of comparing; an examination of two or more objects with the view of discovering the resemblances or differences; relative estimate.</def>

<blockquote>As sharp legal practitioners, no class of human beings can bear <b>comparison</b> with them.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The miracles of our Lord and those of the Old Testament afford many interesting points of <b>comparison</b>.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being compared; a relative estimate; also, a state, quality, or relation, admitting of being compared; <as>as, to bring a thing into <ex>comparison</ex> with another; there is no <ex>comparison</ex> between them.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That to which, or with which, a thing is compared, as being equal or like; illustration; similitude.</def>

<blockquote>Whereto shall we liken the kingdom of God? Or with what <b>comparison</b> shall we compare it?
<i>Mark iv. 30.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The modification, by inflection or otherwise, which the adjective and adverb undergo to denote degrees of quality or quantity; <as>as, <ex>little</ex>, <ex>less</ex>, <ex>least</ex>, are examples of <ex>comparison</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which one person or thing is compared to another, or the two are considered with regard to some property or quality, which is common to them both; <i>e</i>.<i>g</i>., the lake sparkled like a jewel.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>The faculty of the reflective group which is supposed to perceive resemblances and contrasts.</def>

<cs><col>Beyond comparison</col>, <cd>so far superior as to have no likeness, or so as to make comparison needless.</cd> -- <mcol><col>In comparison of</col>, <col>In comparison with</col></mcol>, <cd>as compared with; in proportion to. <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "So miserably unpeopled <i>in comparison of<i> what it once was."</cd></cs> <i>Addison.</i> -- <col>Comparison of hands</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a mode of proving or disproving the genuineness of a signature or writing by comparing it with another proved or admitted to be genuine, in order to ascertain whether both were written by the same person.</cd> <i>Bouvier. Burrill.</i>

<h1>Comparison</h1>
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<hw>Com*par"i*son</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To compare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Compart</h1>
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<hw>Com*part"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Comparted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Comparting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>compartiri</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>partiri</ets>, <ets>partire</ets> to share, <ets>pars</ets>, <ets>partis</ets>, part, share: cf. OF. <ets>compartir</ets>. See <er>Part</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To divide; to mark out into parts or subdivisions.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The crystal surface is <b>comparted</b> all
In niches verged with rubies.
<i>Glover.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compartition</h1>
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<hw>Com`par*ti"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>compartitio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of dividing into parts or compartments; division; also, a division or compartment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Their temples . . . needed no <b>compartitions</b>.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compartment</h1>
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<hw>Com*part"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>compartiment</ets>, OF. <ets>compartir</ets> to divide. See <er>Compart</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the parts into which an inclosed portion of space is divided, as by partitions, or lines; <as>as, the <ex>compartments</ex> of a cabinet, a house, or a garden</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In the midst was placed a large <b>compartment</b> composed of grotesque work.
<i>Carew.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>One of the sections into which the hold of a ship is divided by water-tight bulkheads.</def>

<h1>Compartner</h1>
<Xpage=287>

<hw>Com*part"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Copartner</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Compass</h1>
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<hw>Com"pass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>compas</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>compassus</ets> circle, prop., a stepping together; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>passus</ets> pace, step. See <er>Pace</er>, <er>Pass</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A passing round; circuit; circuitous course.</def>

<blockquote>They fetched a <b>compass</b> of seven day's journey.
<i>2 Kings iii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This day I breathed first; time is come round,
And where I did begin, there shall I end;
My life is run his <b>compass</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inclosing limit; boundary; circumference; <as>as, within the <ex>compass</ex> of an encircling wall</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An inclosed space; an area; extent.</def>

<blockquote>Their wisdom . . . lies in a very narrow <b>compass</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="289">
Page 289<p>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Extent; reach; sweep; capacity; sphere; <as>as, the <ex>compass</ex> of his eye; the <ex>compass</ex> of imagination.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>compass</b> of his argument.
<i>Wodsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Moderate bounds, limits of truth; moderation; due limits; -- used with <i>within</i>.</def>

<blockquote>In two hundred years before (I speak within <b>compass</b>), no such commission had been executed.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The range of notes, or tones, within the capacity of a voice or instument.</def>

<blockquote>You would sound me from my lowest note to the top of my <b>compass</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>An instrument for determining directions upon the carth's surface by means of a magnetized bar or needle turning freely upon a pivot and pinting in a northerly and southerly direction.</def>

<blockquote>He that firat discovered the use of the <b>compass</b> did more for the supplying and increase of useful commodities than those who built workhouses.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A pair of compasses.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To fix one foot of their <b>compass</b> wherever they please.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A circle; a continent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The tryne <b>compas</b> [the threefold world containing earth, sea, and heaven. <i>Skeat</i>.]
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Azimuth compass</col>. <cd>See under <er>Azimuth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Beam compass</col>. <cd>See under <er>Beam</er>.</cd> -- <col>Compass card</col>, <cd>the eircular card attached to the needles of a mariner's compass, on which are marked the thirty-two points or rhumbs.</cd> -- <col>Compass dial</col>, <cd>a small pocket compass fitted with a sundial to tell the hour of the day.</cd> -- <col>Compass plane</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a plane, convex in the direction of its length on the under side, for smoothing the concave faces of curved woodwork.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Compass plant</col>, <col>Compass flower</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the American prairies (<spn>Silphium laciniatum</spn>), not unlike a small sunflower; rosinweed. Its lower and root leaves are vertical, and on the prairies are disposed to present their edges north and south.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Its leaves are turned to the north as true as the magnet:
This is the <b>compass flower</b>.
<i>Longefellow.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Compass saw</col>, <cd>a saw with a narrow blade, which will cut in a curve; -- called also <altname>fret saw</altname> and <altname>keyhole saw</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Compass timber</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>curved or crooked timber.</cd> -- <col>Compass window</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a circular bay window or oriel window. It has two or more magnetic needles permanently attached to a card, which moves freely upon a pivot, and is read with reference to a mark on the box representing the ship's head. The card is divided into thirty-two points, called also <i>rhumbs</i>, and the glass-covered box or bowl containing it is suspended in gimbals within the binnacle, in order to preserve its horizontal position.</cd> -- <col>Surveyor's compass</col>, <cd>an instrument used in surveying for measuring horizontal angles. See <er>Circumferentor</er>.</cd> -- <col>Variation compass</col>, <cd>a compass of delicate construction, used in observations on the variations of the needle.</cd> -- <col>To fetch a compass</col>, <cd>to make a circuit.</cd>

<h1>Compass</h1>
<Xpage=289>

<hw>Com"pass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Compassed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Compassing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>compasser</ets>, LL. <ets>compassare</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go about or entirely round; to make the circuit of.</def>

<blockquote>Ye shall <b>compass</b> the city seven times.
<i>Josh. vi. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We the globe can <b>compass</b> soon.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inclose on all sides; to surround; to encircle; to envior; to invest; to besiege; -- used with <i>about</i>, <i>round</i>, <i>around</i>, and <i>round about</i>.</def>

<blockquote>With terrors and with clamors <b>compassed</b> round.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now all the blessings

<blockquote>Of a glad cast a trench about thee, and <b>compass</b> thee round.uke xix. 43.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To reach round; to circumvent; to get within one's power; to obtain; to accomplish.</def>

<blockquote>If I can chek my erring love, I will:
If not, to <b>compass</b> her I'll use my skill.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How can you to <b>compass</b> your designs?
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To curve; to bend into a circular form.</def> <mark>[Obs. except in carpentry and shipbuilding.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To purpose; to intend; to imagine; to plot.</def>

<blockquote><b>Compassing</b> and <b>imagining</b> the death of the king are synonymous terms; <b>compassing</b> signifying the purpose or design of the mind or will, and not, as in common speech, the carrying such design to effect.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compassable</h1>
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<hw>Com"pass*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being compassed or accomplished.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Compassed</h1>
<Xpage=289>

<hw>Com"passed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rounded; arched.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She came . . . into the <b>compassed</b> window.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compasses</h1>
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<hw>Com"pass*es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <pluf>pl.</pluf>  <def>An instrument for describing circles, measuring figures, etc., consisting of two, or (rarely) more, pointed branches, or legs, usually joined at the top by a rivet on which they move.</def>

<note>&hand; The compasses for drawing circles have adjustable pen points, pencil points, etc.; those used for measuring without adjustable points are generally called <i>dividers</i>. See <er>Dividers</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Bow compasses</col>. <cd>See <er>Bow-compass</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Caliber compasses</col>, <col>Caliper compasses</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Calipers</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Proportional</col>, <col>Triangular</col>, etc., <col>compasses</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Proportional</er>, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Compassing</h1>
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<hw>Com"pass*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>Curved; bent; <as>as, <ex>compassing</ex> timbers</as>.</def>

<h1>Compassion</h1>
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<hw>Com*pas"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>compassio</ets>, fr. <ets>compati</ets> to have compassion; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>pati</ets> to bear, suffer. See <er>Patient</er>.]</ety> <def>Literally, suffering with another; a sensation of sorrow excited by the distress or misfortunes of another; pity; commiseration.</def>

<blockquote>Womanly igenuity set to work by womanly <b>compassion</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Pity; sympathy; commiseration; fellow-feeling; mercy; condolence. See <er>Pity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Compassion</h1>
<Xpage=289>

<hw>Com*pas"sion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Compassionable</h1>
<Xpage=289>

<hw>Com*pas"sion*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deserving compassion or pity; pitiable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Compassionate</h1>
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<hw>Com*pas"sion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a temper or disposition to pity; sympathetic; merciful.</def>

<blockquote>There never was any heart truly great and generous, that was not also tender and <b>compassionate</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Complaining; inviting pity; pitiable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Sympathizing; tender; merciful; pitiful.</syn>

<h1>Compassionate</h1>
<Xpage=289>

<hw>Com*pas"sion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p</tt>. <er>Compassionated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Compassionating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To have compassion for; to pity; to commiserate; to sympathize with.</def>

<blockquote><b>Compassionates</b> my pains, and pities me.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compassionately</h1>
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<hw>Com*pas"sion*ate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a compassionate manner; mercifully.</def>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<h1>Compassionateness</h1>
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<hw>Com*pas"sion*ate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being compassionate.</def>

<h1>Compassless</h1>
<Xpage=289>

<hw>Com"pass*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no compass.</def>

<i>Knowles.</i>

<h1>Compaternity</h1>
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<hw>Com`pa*ter"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>compaternitas</ets>, fr. <ets>compater</ets> godfather; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>pater</ets> father.]</ety> <def>The relation of a godfather to a person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The relation of gossipred or <b>compaternity</b> by the cannon law is a spiritual affinity.
<i>Sir J. Da<?/ies.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compatibility</h1>
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<hw>Com*pat`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>compatibilit<?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or power of being compatible or congruous; congruity; <as>as, a <ex>compatibility</ex> of tempers; a <ex>compatibility</ex> of properties.</as></def>

<h1>Compatible</h1>
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<hw>Com*pat"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL.<ets>compatibilis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>compati</ets>. See <er>Compassion</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of existing in harmony; congruous; suitable; not repugnant; -- usually followed by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Our poets have joined together such qualities as are by nature the most <b>compatible</b>.
<i>Broome.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Consistent; suitable; agreeable; accordant.</syn>

<h1>Compatibleness</h1>
<Xpage=289>

<hw>Com*pat"i*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Compatibility; consistency; fitness; agreement.</def>

<h1>Compatibly</h1>
<Xpage=289>

<hw>Com*pat"i*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a compatible manner.</def>

<h1>Commpatient</h1>
<Xpage=289>

<hw>Comm*pa"tient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compatients</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>compati</ets>. See <er>Compassion</er>.]</ety> <def>Suffering or enduring together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir G. Buck.</i>

<h1>Compatriot</h1>
<Xpage=289>

<hw>Com*pa"tri*ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>compatriote</ets>, LL. <ets>compatriotus</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>patriota</ets> a native. See <er>Patriot</er>, and cf. <er>Copatriot</er>.]</ety> <def>One of the same country, and having like interests and feeling.</def>

<blockquote>The distrust with which they felt themselves to be regarded by their <b>compatriots</b> in America.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compatriot</h1>
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<hw>Com*pa"tri*ot</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the same country; having a common sentiment of patriotism.</def>

<blockquote>She [Britain] rears to freedom an undaunted race,
<b>Compatriot</b>, zealous, hospitable, kind.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compatriotism</h1>
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<hw>Com*pa"tri*ot*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being compatriots.</def>

<h1>Compear</h1>
<Xpage=289>

<hw>Com*pear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>comparior</ets>, L. <ets>compar<?/re</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>par<?/re</ets> to appear.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To appear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To appear in court personally or by attorney.</def> <mark>[Scot]</mark>

<h1>Compeer</h1>
<Xpage=289>

<hw>Com*peer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[OE. <ets>comper</ets>, through French fr. L. <ets>compar</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>par</ets> equal. See <er>Peer</er> an equal, and cf. 1st <er>Compare</er>.]</ety> <def>An equal, as in rank, age, prowess, etc.; a companion; a comrade; a mate.</def>

<blockquote>And him thus answer 'd soon his bold <b>compeer</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compeer</h1>
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<hw>Com*peer"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To be equal with; to match.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>In my rights,
By me invested, he <b>compeers</b> the best.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compeer, Compeir</h1>
<Xpage=289>

<hw><hw>Com*peer"</hw>, <hw>Com*peir"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Conpear</er>.</def>

<h1>Compel</h1>
<Xpage=289>

<hw>Com*pel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Compelled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt> <er>Compelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>compellere</ets>, <ets>compilstum</ets>, to drive together, to compel, urge; <ets>com-</ets> + pellere to drive: cf. OF. <ets>compellir</ets>. See <er>Pulse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To drive or urge with force, or irresistibly; to force; to constrain; to oblige; to necessitate, either by physical or moral force.</def>

<blockquote>Wolsey . . . <b>compelled</b> the people to pay up the whole subsidy at once.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And they <b>compel</b> one Simon . . . to bear his cross.
<i>Mark xv. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take by force or violence; to seize; to exact; to extort.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Commissions, which <b>compel</b> from each
The sixth part of his substance.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To force to yield; to overpower; to subjugate.</def>

<blockquote>Easy sleep their weary limbs <b>compelled</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>compel</b> all creatures to my will.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To gather or unite in a crowd or company.</def> <mark>[A Latinism]</mark> "In one troop <b>compelled</b>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To call forth; to summon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<blockquote>She had this knight from far <b>compelled</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To force; constrain; oblige; necessitate; coerce. See <er>Coerce</er>.</syn>

<h1>Compel</h1>
<Xpage=289>

<hw>Com*pel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make one yield or submit.</def> "If she can not entreat, I can not <i>compel</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Compellable</h1>
<Xpage=289>

<hw>Com*pel"la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being compelled or constrained.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Compellably</h1>
<Xpage=289>

<hw>Com*pel"la*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By compulsion.</def>

<h1>Compellation</h1>
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<hw>Com`pel*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compellatio</ets>, fr. <ets>compellare</ets> to accost, fr. <ets>compellere</ets>. See <er>Compel</er>.]</ety> <def>Style of address or salutation; an appellation.</def> "Metaphorical <i>compellations</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>He useth this endearing <b>compellation</b>, "My little children."
<i>Bp. Beveridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The peculiar <b>compellation</b> of the kings in France is by "Sire," which is nothing else but father.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compellative</h1>
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<hw>Com*pel"la*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The name by which a person is addressed; an appellative.</def>

<h1>Compellatory</h1>
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<hw>Com*pel"la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to compel; compulsory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Compeller</h1>
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<hw>Com*pel"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who compels or constrains.</def>

<h1>Compend</h1>
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<hw>Com"pend</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A compendium; an epitome; a summary.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>compend</b> and recapitulation of the Mosaical law.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compendiarious</h1>
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<hw>Com*pen`di*a"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compendiarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Short; compendious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Compendiate</h1>
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<hw>Com*pen"di*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compendiatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>compendiare</ets> to shorten, fr. <ets>compendium</ets>.]</ety> <def>To sum or collect together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. King.</i>

<h1>Compendious</h1>
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<hw>Com*pen"di*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compendiosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing the substance oe general principles of a subject or work in a narrow compass; abridged; summarized.</def>

<blockquote>More <b>compendious</b> and exeditious ways.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Three things be required in the oration of a man having authority -- that it be <b>compendious</b>, sententious, and delectable.
<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Short; summary; abridged; condensed; comprehensive; succinct; brief; concise.</syn>

<h1>Compendiously</h1>
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<hw>Com*pen"di*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>dv.</tt> <def>In a compendious manner.</def>

<blockquote><b>Compendiously</b> exressed by the word chaos.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compendiousness</h1>
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<hw>Com*pen"di*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being compendious.</def>

<h1>Compendium</h1>
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<hw>Com*pen"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Compendiums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Compendia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>compendium</ets> that which is wieghed, saved, or shortened, a short way, fr. <ets>compendere</ets> to weigh; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>pendere</ets> to weigh. See <er>Pension</er>, and cf. <er>Compend</er>.]</ety> <def>A brief compilation or composition, containing the principal heads, or general principles, of a larger work or system; an abridgment; an epitome; a compend; a condensed summary.</def>

<blockquote>A short system or <b>compendium</b> of a sience.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See Abridgment.</syn>

<h1>Compensate</h1>
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<hw>Com"pen*sate</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Compensated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Compensating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>compensatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>compensare</ets>, prop., to weigh several things with one another, to balance with one another, verb intens. fr. <ets>compendere</ets>. See Compendum.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make equal return to; to remunerate; to recompence; to give an equivalent to; to requite suitably; <as>as, to <ex>compensate</ex> a laborer for his work, or a merchant for his losses</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be equivalent in value or effect to; to counterbalance; to make up for; to make amends for.</def>

<blockquote>The length of the night and the dews thereof do <b>compensate</b> the heat of the day.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The pleasures of life do not <b>compensate</b> the miseries.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To recompense; remunerate; indemnify; reward; requite; counterbalance.</syn>

<h1>Compensate</h1>
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<hw>Com"pen*sate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make amends; to supply an equivalent; -- followed by <i>for</i>; <as>as, nothing can <ex>compensate</ex> for the loss of reputation</as>.</def>

<h1>Compensation</h1>
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<hw>Com`pen*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compensatio</ets> a weighing, a balancing of accounts.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or principle of compensating.</def>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which constitutes, or is regarded as, an equivalent; that which makes good the lack or variation of something else; that which compensates for loss or privation; amends; remuneration; recompense.</def>

<blockquote>The parliament which dissolved the monastic foundations . . . vouchsafed not a word toward securing the slightest <b>compensation</b> to the dispossessed owners.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No pecuniary <b>compensation</b> can possibly reward them.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd><def>The extinction of debts of which two persons are reciprocally debtors by the credits of which they are reciprocally creditors; the payment of a debt by a credit of equal amount; a set-off.</def> <i>Bouvier. Wharton.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A recompense or reward for some loss or service.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An equivalent stipulated for in contracts for the sale of real eatate, in which it is customary to privide that errors in description, etc., shall not avoid, but shall be the subject of <i>compensation</i>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Compensation balance</col>, <i>or<i> <col>Compensated balance</col>, <cd>a kind of balance wheel for a timepiece. The rim is usually made of two different expansibility under changes of temperature, so arranged as to counteract each other and preserve uniformity of movement.</cd> -- <col>Compensation pendulum</col>. <cd>See <er>Pendulum</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Recompense; reward; indemnification; consideration; requital; satisfaction; set-off.</syn>

<h1>Compensative</h1>
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<hw>Com*pen"sa*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>compensativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affording compensation.</def>

<h1>Compensative</h1>
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<hw>Com*pen"sa*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Compensation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Compensator</h1>
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<hw>Com"pen*sa`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, compensates; -- a name applied to various mechanical devices.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An iron plate or magnet placed near the compass on iron vessels to neutralize the effect of the ship's attraction on the needle.</def>

<h1>Compensatory</h1>
<Xpage=289>

<hw>Com*pen"sa*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving for compensation; making amends.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<hr>
<page="290">
Page 290<p>

<h1>Compense</h1>
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<hw>Com*pense"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>compenser</ets>. See <er>Compensate</er>.]</ety> <def>To compensate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Comperendinate</h1>
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<hw>Com`pe*ren"di*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>comperendinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>comperendinare</ets> to defer (the time of trial.)]</ety> <def>To delay.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Compesce</h1>
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<hw>Com*pesce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compescere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To hold in check; to restrain.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Compete</h1>
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<hw>Com*pete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Competed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Competing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>completere</ets>, <ets>competitum</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>petere</ets> to seek. See <er>Petition</er>.]</ety> <def>To contend emulously; to seek or strive for the same thing, position, or reward for which another is striving; to contend in rivalry, as for a prize or in business; <as>as, tradesmen <ex>compete</ex> with one another</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The rival statesmen, with eyes fixed on America, were all the while <b>competing</b> for European alliances.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Competence, Competency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Com"pe*tence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Com"pe*ten*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>comp\'82tence</ets>, from L. <ets>competentia</ets> agreement.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being competent; fitness; ability; adequacy; power.</def>

<blockquote>The loan demonstrates, in regard to instrumental resources, the <b>competency</b> of this kingdom to the assertion of the common cause.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To make them act zealously is not in the <b>competence</b> of law.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Property or means sufficient for the necessaries and conveniences of life; sifficiency without excess.</def>

<blockquote>Reason's whole pleasure, all the joys of sense,
Lie in three words -- health, peace, and <b>competence</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Superfluity comes sooner by white hairs, but <b>competency</b> lives longer.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Legal capacity or qualifications; fitness; <as>as, the <ex>competency</ex> of a witness or of a evidence</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Right or authority; legal power or capacity to take cognizance of a cause; <as>as, the <ex>competence</ex> of a judge or court</as>.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Competent</h1>
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<hw>Com"pe*tent</hw> <tt>(?; 94)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>comp\'82tent</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>comp\'82ter</ets> to be in the competency of, LL. <ets>competere</ets> to strive after together, to agree with; hence, to be fit. See <er>Compete</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Answering to all requirements; adeqouate; sufficient; suitable; capable; legally qualified; fit.</def> "A <i>competent</i> knowledge of the world." <i>Arrerbury.</i> "<i>Competent</i> age." <i>Grafton.</i> "<i>Competent</i> statesmen." <i>Palfrey.</i> /"A <i>competent</i> witness." <i>Bouvier.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rightfully or properly belonging; incident; -- followed by <i>to</i>.</def> <mark>[Rare, except in legal usage.]</mark>

<blockquote>That is the privillege of the infinite Author of things, . . . but is not <b>competent</b> to any finite being.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Qualified</er>.</syn>

<h1>Competently</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com"pe*tent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a competent manner; adequately; suitably.</def>

<h1>Competible</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*pet"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Compatible; suitable; consistent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Competition</h1>
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<hw>Com`pe*ti"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>competitio</ets>. See <er>Conpete</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of seeking, or endevearing to gain, what another is endeavoring to gain at the same time; common strife for the same objects; strife for superiority; emulous contest; rivalry, as for approbation, for a prize, or as where two or more persons are engaged in the same business and each seeking patronage; -- followed by <i>for</i> before the object sought, and <i>with</i> before the person or thing competed with.</def>

<blockquote><b>Competition</b> to the crown there is none, nor can be.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A portrait, with which one of Titian's could not come in <b>competititon</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is no <b>competition</b> but for the second place.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where <b>competition</b> does not act at all there is complete monopoly.
<i>A. T. Hadley.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Emulation; rivalry; rivalship; contest; struggle; contention; opposition; jealousy. See <er>Emulation</er>.</syn>

<h1>Competitive</h1>
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<hw>Com*pet"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to competition; producing competition; competitory; <as>as, a <ex>competitive</ex> examination</as>.</def>

<h1>Competitor</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*pet"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>comp\'82titeur</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who seeks what another seeks, or claims what another claims; one who competes; a rival.</def>

<blockquote>And can not brook <b>competitors</b> in love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An associate; a confederate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Every hour more <b>competitors</b>
Flock to their aid, and still their power increaseth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Competitory</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*pet"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Acting in competition; competing; rival.</def>

<h1>Competitress</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*pet"i*tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who competes.</def>

<h1>Competitrix</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*pet"i*trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A competitress.</def>

<h1>Compilation</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com"pi*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compilatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>compilation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of compiling or gathering together from various sources.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is compiled; especially, a book or document composed of materials gathering from other books or documents.</def>

<blockquote>His [Goldsmith's] <b>compilations</b> are widely distinguished from the <b>compilations</b> of ordinary bookmakers.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compilator</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com"pi*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Compiler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Compile</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*pile"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Compiled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Compiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>compiler</ets>, fr.L. <ets>compilare</ets> to plunder, pillage; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>pilare</ets> to plunder. See <er>Pill</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <ets>Pillage</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put together; to construct; to build.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Before that Merlin died, he did intend
A brazen wall in compass to <b>compile</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To contain or comprise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Which these six books <b>compile</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To put together in a new form out of materials already existing; esp., to put together or compose out of materials from other books or documents.</def>

<blockquote>He [Goldsmith] <b>compiled</b> for the use of schools a History of Rome.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To write; to compose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Compilement</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*pile"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Compilation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Compiler</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*pil"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>compiluor</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>compileor</ets>, fr. L. <ets>compilator</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who compiles; esp., one who makes books by compilation.</def>

<h1>Compinge</h1>
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<hw>Com*pinge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compingere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To compress; to shut up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Complacence, Complacency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Com*pla"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Com*pla"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>complacentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>complaisance</ets>. See <er>Complacent</er>, and cf. <er>Complaisance</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Calm contentment; satisfaction; gratification.</def>

<blockquote>The inward <b>complacence</b> we find in acting reasonably and virtuously.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Others proclaim the infirmities of a great man with satisfaction and <b>complacency</b>, if they discover none of the like in themselves.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The cause of pleasure or joy.</def> "O thou, my sole <i>complacence</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The manifestation of contentment or satisfaction; good nature; kindness; civility; affability.</def>

<blockquote><b>Complacency</b>, and truth, and manly sweetness,
Dwell ever on his tongue, and smooth his thoughts.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With mean <b>complacence</b> ne'er betray your trust.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Complacent</h1>
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<hw>Com*pla"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>complacens</ets> very pleasing, p. pr. of <ets>complacere</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>placere</ets> to please: cf. F. <ets>complaisant</ets>. See <er>Please</er> and cf. <er>Complaisant</er>.]</ety> <def>Self-satisfied; contented; kindly; <as>as, a <ex>complacent</ex> temper; a <ex>complacent</ex> smile.</as></def>

<blockquote>They look up with a sort of <b>complacent</b> awe . . . to kings.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Complacential</h1>
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<hw>Com`pla*cen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marked by, or causing, complacence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Complacential</i> love."

<i>Baxter.</i>

<h1>Complacently</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*pla"cent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a complacent manner.</def>

<h1>Complain</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*plain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Complained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Complaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>complaindre</ets>, LL. <ets>complangere</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + L. <ets>plangere</ets> to strike, beat, to beat the breast or head as a sign of grief, to lament. See <er>Plaint</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give utterance to expression of grief, pain, censure, regret. etc.; to lament; to murmur; to find fault; -- commonly used with <i>of</i>. Also, to creak or squeak, as a timber or wheel.</def>

<blockquote>O lose of sight, of three I most <b>complain</b>!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a formal accusation; to make a charge.</def>

<blockquote>Now, Master Shallow, you'll <b>complain</b> of me to the king?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To repine; grumble; deplore; bewail; grieve; mourn; regret; murmur.</syn>

<h1>Complain</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*plain"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lament; to bewail.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They might the grievance inwardly <b>complain</b>.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By chaste Lucrece's soul that late <b>complain'd</b>
Her wrongs to us.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Complainable</h1>
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<hw>Com*plain"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be complained of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Complainant</h1>
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<hw>Com*plain"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>complaignant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>complaindre</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who makes complaint.</def>

<blockquote>Eager <b>complainants</b> of the dispute.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who commences a legal process by a complaint.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The party suing in equity, answering to the plaintiff at common law.</def>

<blockquote>He shall forfeit one moiety to the use of the town, and the other moiety to the use of the <b>complainant</b>.
<i>Statutes of Mass.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Complainer</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*plain"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who complains or laments; one who finds fault; a murmurer.</def>

<i>Beattie.</i>

<blockquote>Speechless <b>complainer</b>, I will learn thy thought.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Complaint</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*plaint"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>complainte</ets>. See <er>Complain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Expression of grief, regret, pain, censure, or resentment; lamentation; murmuring; accusation; fault-finding.</def>

<blockquote>I poured out my <b>complaint</b> before him.
<i>Ps. cxlii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Grievous <b>complaints</b> of you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cause or subject of complaint or murmuring.</def>

<blockquote>The poverty of the clergy in England hath been the <b>complaint</b> of all who wish well to the church.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An ailment or disease of the body.</def>

<blockquote>One in a <b>complaint</b> of his bowels.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A formal allegation or charge against a party made or presented to the appropriate court or officer, as for a wrong done or a crime committed (in the latter case, generally under oath); an information; accusation; the initial bill in proceedings in equity.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Lamentation; murmuring; sorrow; grief; disease; illness; disorder; malady; ailment.</syn>

<h1>Complaintful</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*plaint"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of complaint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Complaisance</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com"plai*sance`</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>complaisance</ets>. See <er>Complaisant</er>, and cf. <er>Complacence</er>.]</ety> <def>Disposition to please or oblige; obliging compliance with the wishes of others; a deportment indicative of a desire to please; courtesy; civility.</def>

<blockquote>These [ladies] . . . are by the just <b>complaisance</b> and gallantry of our nation the most powerful part of our people.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They strive with their own hearts and keep them down,
In <b>complaisance</b> to all the fools in town.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Civility; courtesy; urbanity; suavity; affability; good breeding.</syn>

<h1>Complaisant</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com"plai*sant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>complaisant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>complaire</ets> to acquiesce as a favor, fr. L. <ets>complacere</ets>. See <er>Complacent</er>.]</ety> <def>Desirous to please; courteous; obliging; compliant; <as>as, a <ex>complaisant</ex> gentleman</as>.</def>

<blockquote>There are to whom my satire seems too bold:
Scarce to wise Peter <b>complaisant</b> enough.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Obliging; courteous; affable; gracious; civil; polite; well-bred. See <er>Obliging</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Com"plai*sant`ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Com"plai*sant`ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Complanar</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*pla"nar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Coplanar</er>.</def>

<h1>Complanate</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com"pla*nate</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>complanatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>complanare</ets> to make plane. See <er>Plane</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Flattened to a level surface.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Complanate</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com"pla*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make level.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Complected</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*plect"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Complexioned.</def> <mark>[Low, New Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Complement</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com"ple*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>complementun</ets>: cf. F. <ets>compl\'82ment</ets>. See <er>Complete</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Compliment</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which fills up or completes; the quantity or number required to fill a thing or make it complete.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is required to supply a deficiency, or to complete a symmetrical whole.</def>

<blockquote>History is the <b>complement</b> of poetry.
<i>Sir J. Stephen.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Full quantity, number, or amount; a complete set; completeness.</def>

<blockquote>To exceed his <b>complement</b> and number appointed him which was one hundred and twenty persons.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A second quantity added to a given quantity to make equal to a third given quantity.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Something added for ornamentation; an accessory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Without vain art or curious <b>complements</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The whole working force of a vessel.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The interval wanting to complete the octave; -- the fourth is the <i>complement</i> of the fifth, the sixth of the third.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A compliment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Arithmetical compliment of a logarithm</col>. <cd>See under <er>Logarithm</er>.</cd> -- <col>Arithmetical complement of a number</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the difference between that number and the next higher power of 10; as, 4 is the <i>complement<i> of 6, and 16 of 84.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Complement of an arc</col> &or; <col>angle</col></mcol> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the difference between that arc or angle and 90&deg;.</cd> -- <col>Complement of a parallelogram</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Gnomon</er>.</cd> -- <col>In her complement</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>said of the moon when represented as full.</cd></cs>

<h1>Complement</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com"ple*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To supply a lack; to supplement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To compliment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Complemental</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com`ple*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Supplying, or tending to supply, a deficiency; fully completing.</def> "<i>Complemental</i> ceremony."

<i>Prynne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Complimentary; courteous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Complemental air</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the air (averaging 100 cubic inches) which can be drawn into the lungs in addition to the tidal air, by the deepest possible inspiration.</cd> -- <col>Complemental males</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>peculiar small males living parasitically on the ordinary hermaphrodite individuals of certain barnacles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Complementary</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com`ple*men"ta"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to fill out or to complete; <as>as, <ex>complementary</ex> numbers</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Complementary colors</col>. <cd>See under <er>Color</er>.</cd> -- <col>Complementary angles</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>two angles whose sum is 90\'f8.</cd></cs>

<h1>Complementary</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com`ple*men"ta*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Complimentary</er>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in compliments.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Complete</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com"plete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>completus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>complere</ets> to fill. See <er>Full</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Comply</er>, <er>Compline</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Filled up; with no part or element lacking; free from deficienty; entire; perfect; consummate.</def> "<i>Complete</i> perfections."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Ye are <b>complete</b> in him.
<i>Col. ii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That thou, dead corse, again in <b>complete</b> steel
Revesit'st thus the glimpses of the moon.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Finished; ended; concluded; completed; <as>as, the edifice is <ex>complete</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>This course of vanity almost <b>complete</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having all the parts or organs which belong to it or to the typical form; having calyx, corolla, stamens, and pistil.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Whole</er>.</syn>

<h1>Complete</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*plete"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Completed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Completing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring to a state in which there is no deficiency; to perfect; to consummate; to accomplish; to fulfill; to finish; <as>as, to <ex>complete</ex> a task, or a poem; to <ex>complete</ex> a course of education.</as></def>

<blockquote>Bred only and <b>completed</b> to the taste
Of lustful appetence.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And, to <b>complete</b> her bliss, a fool for mate.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To perform; execute; terminate; conclude; finish; end; fill up; achieve; realize; effect; consummate; accomplish; effectuate; fulfill; bring to pass.</syn>

<h1>Completely</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*plete"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a complete manner; fully.</def>

<h1>Completement</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*plete"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of completing or perfecting; completion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Completeness</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*plete"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being complete.</def>

<h1>Completion</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*ple"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>completio</ets> a filling, a fulfillment.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of making complete; the getting through to the end; <as>as, the <ex>completion</ex> of an undertaking, an education, a service</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>completion</b> of some repairs.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>State of being complete; fulfillment; accomplishment; realization.</def>

<blockquote>Predictions receiving their <b>completion</b> in Christ.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Completive</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*ple"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>completivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>compl<?/tif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Making complete.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Harris.</i>

<h1>Completory</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com*ple"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to fulfill.</def>

<blockquote><b>Completory</b> of ancient presignifications.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Completory</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com"ple*to"ry</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>completorium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Compline</er>.</def>

<h1>Complex</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com"plex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>complexus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>complecti</ets> to entwine around, comprise; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>plectere</ets> to twist, akin to <ets>plicare</ets> to fold. See <er>Plait</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Composed of two or more parts; composite; not simple; <as>as, a <ex>complex</ex> being; a <ex>complex</ex> idea.</as></def>

<blockquote>Ideas thus made up of several simple ones put together, I call <b>complex</b>; such as beauty, gratitude, a man, an army, the universe.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Involving many parts; complicated; intricate.</def>

<blockquote>When the actual motions of the heavens are calculated in the best possible way, the process is difficult and <b>complex</b>.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Complex fraction</col>. <cd>See <er>Fraction</er>.</cd> -- <col>Complex number</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>in the theory of numbers, an expression of the form <mathex>a + b&root;-1</mathex>, when <it>a<it> and <it>b<it> are ordinary integers.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Intricate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Complex</h1>
<Xpage=290>

<hw>Com"plex</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>complexus</ets>]</ety> <def>Assemblage of related things; colletion; complication.</def>

<blockquote>This parable of the wedding supper comprehends in it the whole <b>complex</b> of all the blessings and privileges exhibited by the gospel.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Complex of lines</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>,  <cd>all the possible straight lines in space being considered, the entire system of lines which satisfy a single relation constitute a <i>complex<i>; as, all the lines which meet a given curve make up a <i>complex<i>. The lines which satisfy two relations constitute a <i>congruency<i> of lines; as, the entire system of lines, each one of which meets two given surfaces, is a <i>congruency<i>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="291">
Page 291<p>

<h1>Complexed</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*plexed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Complex, complicated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Complexed</i> significations."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Complexedness</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*plex"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being complex or involved; complication.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>complexedness</b> of these moral ideas.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Complexion</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*plex"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>complexion</ets>, fr. L. <ets>complexio</ets>. See <er>Complex</er>, a.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being complex; complexity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Though the terms of propositions may be complex, yet . . . it is proprly called a simple syllogism, since the <b>complexion</b> does not belong to the syllogistic form of it.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A combination; a complex.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>This paragraph is . . . a <b>complexion</b> of sophisms.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The bodily constitution; the temperament; habitude, or natural disposition; character; nature.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If his <b>complexion</b> incline him to melancholy.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is the <b>complexion</b> of them all to leave the dam.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The color or hue of the skin, esp. of the face.</def>

<blockquote>Tall was her stature, her <b>complexion</b> dark.
<i>Wordswoorth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Between the pale <b>complexion</b> of true love,
And the red glow of scron and proud disdain.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The general appearance or aspect; <as>as, the <ex>complexion</ex> of the sky; the <ex>complexion</ex> of the news.</as></def>

<h1>Complexional</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*plex"ion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to constitutional complexion.</def>

<blockquote>A moral rather than a <b>complexional</b> timidity.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Complexionally</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*plex"ion*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Constitutionally.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Though corruptible, not <b>complexionally</b> vicious.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Complexionary</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*plex"ion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the complexion, or to the care of it.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Complexioned</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*plex"ioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having (such) a complexion; -- used in composition; <as>as, a dark-<ex>complexioned</ex> or a ruddy-<ex>complexioned</ex> person</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A flower is the best-<b>complexioned</b> grass, as a pearl is the best-colored clay.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Complexity</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*plex"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Complexities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>complexit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being complex; intricacy; entanglement.</def>

<blockquote>The objects of society are of the greatest possible <b>complexity</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is complex; intricacy; complication.</def>

<blockquote>Many-corridored <b>complexities</b>
Of Arthur's palace.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Complexly</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com"plex`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a complex manner; not simply.</def>

<h1>Complexness</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com"plex`ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being complex; complexity.</def>

<i>A. Smith.</i>

<h1>Complexus</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*plex"us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., an embracing.]</ety> <def>A complex; an aggregate of parts; a complication.</def>

<h1>Compliable</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*pli"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of bending or yielding; apt to yield; compliant.</def>

<blockquote>Another <b>compliable</b> mind.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Jews . . . had made their religion <b>compliable</b>, and accemodated to their passions.
<i>Jortin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compliance</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*pli"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Comply</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of complying; a yielding; as to a desire, demand, or proposal; concession; submission.</def>

<blockquote>What <b>compliances</b> will remove dissension?
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ready <b>compliance</b> with the wishes of his people.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A disposition to yield to others; complaisance.</def>

<blockquote>A man of few words and of great <b>compliance</b>.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Concession; submission; consent; obedience; performance; execution; acqquiescence; assent.</syn>

<h1>Compliancy</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*pli"an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Compliance; disposition to yield to others.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Compliant</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*pli"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Yielding; bending; pliant; submissive.</def> "The <i>compliant</i> boughs."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Compliantly</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*pli"ant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a compliant manner.</def>

<h1>Complicacy</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com"pli*ca*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being complicate or intricate.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Complicant</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com"pli*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>complicans</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Overlapping, as the elytra of certain beetles.</def>

<h1>Complicate</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com"pli*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>complicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>complicare</ets> to fold together. See <er>Complex</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Composed of two or more parts united; complex; complicated; involved.</def>

<blockquote>How poor, how rich, how abject, how august,
How <b>complicate</b>, how wonderful is man!
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Folded together, or upon itself, with the fold running lengthwise.</def>

<h1>Complicate</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com"pli*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Complicated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Complicating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To fold or twist together; to combine intricately; to make complex; to combine or associate so as to make intricate or difficult.</def>

<blockquote>Nor can his <b>complicated</b> sinews fail.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Avarice and luxury very often become one <b>complicated</b> principle of action.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When the disease is <b>complicated</b> with other diseases.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Complicately</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com"pli*cate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a complex manner.</def>

<h1>Complicateness</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com"pli*cate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Complexity.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Complication</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com`pli*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compliasion</ets>: cf. F. <ets>complication</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of complicating; the state of being complicated; intricate or confused relation of parts; entaglement; complexity.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>complication</b> of diseases.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Through and beyond these dark <b>complications</b> of the present, the New England founders looked to the great necessities of future times.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease or diseases, or adventitious circumstances or conditions, coexistent with and modifying a primary disease, but not necessarily connected with it.</def>

<h1>Complice</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com"plice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Complices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>complex</ets>, <ets>-plicis</ets>, closely connected with one, confederate. See <er>Complicate</er>, and cf. <er>Accomplice</er>.]</ety> <def>An accomplice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To quell the rebels and their <b>complices</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Complicity</h1>
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<hw>Com*plic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Complicities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>complicit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being an accomplice; participation in guilt.</def>

<h1>Complier</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*pli"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who complies, yields, or obeys; one of an easy, yieldy temper.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Compliment</h1>
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<hw>Com"pli*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>compliment</ets>. It <ets>complimento</ets>, fr. <ets>comlire</ets> to compliment, finish, suit, fr. L. <ets>complere</ets> to fill up. See <er>Complete</er>, and cf. <er>Complement</er>.]</ety> <def>An expression, by word or act, of approbation, regard, confidence, civility, or admiration; a flattering speech or attention; a ceremonious greeting; <as>as, to send one's <ex>compliments</ex> to a friend</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Tedious waste of time, to sit and hear
So many hollow <b>compliments</b> and lies.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Many a <b>compliment</b> politely penned.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To make one a compliment</col>, <cd>to show one respect; to praise one in a flattering way.</cd><i>Locke.</i>

-- <col>To make one's compliments to</col>, <cd>to offer formal courtesias to.</cd> -- <col>To stand on compliment</col>, <cd>to treat with ceremony.</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Adulation</er>.</syn>

<h1>Compliment</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com"pli*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To praise, flatter, or gratify, by expressions of approbation, respect, or congratulation; to make or pay a compliment to.</def>

<blockquote>Monarchs should their inward soul disguise; . . .
Should <b>compliment</b> their foes and shun their friends.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To praise; flatter; adulate; commend.</syn>

<h1>Compliment</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com"pli*ment</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To pass compliments; to use conventional expressions of respect.</def>

<blockquote>I make the interlocutors, upon occasion, <b>compliment</b> with one another.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Complimental</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com`pli*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Complimentary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Languages . . . grow rich and abundant in <b>complimental</b> phrases, and such froth.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Com`pli*men"tal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Boyle.</i>  -- <wf>Com`pli*men"tal*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <i>Hammond.</i></wordforms>

<h1>Complimentary</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com`pli*men"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expressive of regard or praise; of the nature of, or containing, a compliment; <as>as, a <ex>complimentary</ex> remark; a <ex>complimentary</ex> ticket.</as></def> "<i>Complimentary</i> addresses."

<i>Prescott.</i>

<h1>Complimentative</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com`pli*men"ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Complimentary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boswell.</i>

<h1>Complimenter</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com"pli*ment`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who compliments; one given to complimenting; a flatterer.</def>

<h1>Compline, Complin</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw><hw>Com"pline</hw>, <hw>Com"plin</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From OE. <ets>complie</ets>, OF. <ets>complie</ets>, F. <ets>complies</ets>, pl., fr. LL. <ets>completa</ets> (prop. fem. of L. <ets>completus</ets>) the religious exercise which completes and closes the service of the day. See <er>Complete</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The last division of the Roman Catholic breviary; the seventh and last of the canonical hours of the Western church; the last prayer of the day, to be said after sunset.</def>

<blockquote>The custom of godly man been to shut up the evening with a <b>compline</b> of prayer at nine of the night.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Complot</h1>
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<hw>Com"plot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>complot</ets>, prob. for <ets>comploit</ets>, fr.L. <ets>complicitum</ets>, prop. p. p. of <ets>complicare</ets>, but equiv. to <ets>complicatio</ets> complication, entangling. See <er>Complicate</er>, and cf. <er>Plot</er>.]</ety> <def>A plotting together; a confederacy in some evil design; a conspiracy.</def>

<blockquote>I know their <b>complot</b> is to have my life.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Complot</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*plot"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Complotted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Complotting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>comploter</ets>, fr. <ets>complot</ets>.]</ety> <def>To plot or plan together; to conspire; to join in a secret design.</def>

<blockquote>We find them <b>complotting</b> together, and contriving a new scence of miseries to the Trojans.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Complotment</h1>
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<hw>Com*plot"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A plotting together.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Complotter</h1>
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<hw>Com*plot"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One joined in a plot.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Complutensian</h1>
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<hw>Com`plu*ten"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to <i>Complutum</i> (now Alcala de Henares) a city near Madrid; <as>as, the <ex>Complutensian</ex> Bible</as>.</def>

<h1>Compluvium</h1>
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<hw>Com*plu"vi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A space left unroofed over the court of a Roman dwelling, through which the rain fell into the <i>impluvium</i> or cistern.</def>

<h1>Comply</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*ply"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Complied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Complying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Perh. formed fr. <ets>compliment</ets>, influenced by <ets>ply</ets>, <ets>pliant</ets>, which are of different origin: cf. It. <ets>complire</ets> to compliment, finish, suit. See <er>Compliment</er>, <er>Complete</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To yield assent; to accord; agree, or acquiesce; to adapt one's self; to consent or conform; -- usually followed by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Yet this be sure, in nothing to <b>comply</b>,
Scandalous or forbidden in our law.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They did servilely <b>comply</b> with the people in worshiping God by sensible images.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He that <b>complies</b> against his will
Is of his own opinion still.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be ceremoniously courteous; to make one's compliments.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Comply</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*ply"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>comply</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fulfill; to accomplish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>complicare</ets> to fold up. See <er>Ply</er>.]</ety> <def>To infold; to embrace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Seemed to <b>comply</b>,
Cloudlike, the daintie deitie.
<i>Herrick.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compone</h1>
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<hw>Com*pone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>componere</ets>. See <er>Compound</er>.]</ety> <def>To compose; to settle; to arrange.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A good pretense for <b>componing</b> peace.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compone</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*po"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Compony</er>.</def>

<h1>Component</h1>
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<hw>Com*po"nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>componens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>componere</ets>. See <er>Compound</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Serving, or helping, to form; composing; constituting; constituent.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>component</b> parts of natural bodies.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Component</h1>
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<hw>Com*po"nent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A constituent part; an ingredient.</def>

<cs><col>Component of force</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a force which, acting conjointly with one or more forces, produces the effect of a single force or resultant; one of a number of forces into which a single force may be resolved.</cd></cs>

<h1>Compony, Compon\'82</h1>
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<hw><hw>Com*po"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Com*po"n\'82</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. compon\'82.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Divided into squares of alternate tinctures in a single row; -- said of any bearing; or, in the case of a bearing having curved lines, divided into patches of alternate colors following the curve. If there are two rows it is called <i>counter-compony</i>.</def>

<h1>Comport</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*port"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Comported</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Comporting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>comporter</ets>, <ets>LL</ets>. <ets>comportare</ets>, fr.L. <ets>comportare</ets> to bring together; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>portare</ets> to carry. See <er>Port demeanor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bear or endure; to put up (with); <as>as, to <ex>comport</ex> with an injury</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To agree; to accord; to suit; -- sometimes followed by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>How ill this dullness doth <b>comport</b> with greatness.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How their behavior herein <b>comported</b> with the institution.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comport</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*port"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bear; to endure; to brook; to put with.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The malcontented sort
That never can the present state <b>comport</b>.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To carry; to conduct; -- with a reflexive pronoun.</def>

<blockquote>Observe how Lord Somers . . . <b>comported</b> himself.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comport</h1>
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<hw>Com"port</hw> <tt>(?, formerly <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.OF. <ets>comport</ets>.]</ety> <def>Manner of acting; behavior; conduct; deportment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]<mark>

<blockquote>I knew them well, and marked their rude <b>comport</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comportable</h1>
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<hw>Com*port"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suitable; consistent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Some <i>comportable</i> method."

<i>Wotton.</i>

<h1>Comportance</h1>
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<hw>Com*port"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Behavior; comport.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Goodly <b>comportance</b> each to other bear.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comportation</h1>
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<hw>Com`por*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>comportatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bringing together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Richardson.</i>

<h1>Comportment</h1>
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<hw>Com*port"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>comportement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Manner of acting; behavior; bearing.</def>

<blockquote>A graceful <b>comportment</b> of their bodies.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Her serious and devout <b>comportment</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compose</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Composed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Composing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>composer</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>poser</ets> to place. The sense is that of L. <ets>componere</ets>, but the prigin is different. See <er>Pose</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form by putting together two or more things or parts; to put together; to make up; to fashion.</def>

<blockquote>Zeal ought to be <b>composed</b> of the hidhest degrees of all pious affection.
<i>Bp. Sprat.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form the substance of, or part of the substance of; to constitute.</def>

<blockquote>Their borrowed gold <b>composed</b>
The calf in Oreb.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A few useful things . . . <b>compose</b> their intellectual possessions.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To construct by mental labor; to design and execute, or put together, in a manner involving the adaptation of forms of expression to ideas, or to the laws of harmony or proportion; <as>as, to <ex>compose</ex> a sentence, a sermon, a symphony, or a picture</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Let me <b>compose</b>
Something in verse as well as prose.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The genius that <b>composed</b> such works as the "Standard" and "Last Supper".
<i>B. R. Haydon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To dispose in proper form; to reduce to order; to put in proper state or condition; to adjust; to regulate.</def>

<blockquote>In a peaceful grave my corpse <b>compose</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How in safety best we may
<b>Compose</b> our present evils.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To free from agitation or disturbance; to tranquilize; to soothe; to calm; to quiet.</def>

<blockquote><b>Compose</b> thy mind;
Nor frauds are here contrived, nor force designed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To arrange (types) in a composing stick in order for printing; to set (type).</def>

<h1>Compose</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*pose"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To come to terms.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Composed</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*posed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from agitation; calm; sedate; quiet; tranquil; self-possessed.</def>

<blockquote>The Mantuan there in sober triumph sate,
<b>Composed</b> his posture, and his look sedate.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Com*pos"ed*ly</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Com*pos"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Composer</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*pos"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who composes; an author. Specifically, an author of a piece of music.</def>

<blockquote>If the thoughts of such authors have nothing in them, they at least . . . show an honest industry and a good intention in the <b>composer</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His [Mozart's] most brilliant and solid glory is founded upon his talents as a <b>composer</b>.
<i>Moore (Encyc. of Mus. ).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who, or that which, quits or calms; one who adjust a difference.</def>

<blockquote>Sweet <b>composes</b> of the pensive s<?/ul.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Composing</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*pos"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tending to compose or soothe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or used in, composition.</def>

<cs><col>Composing frame</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a stand for holding cases of type when in use.</cd> -- <col>Composing rule</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a thin slip of brass or steel, against which the type is arranged in a composing stick, or by the aid of which stickfuls or handfuls or type are lifted; -- called also <altname>setting rule</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Composing stick</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>an instrument usually of metal, which the compositor holds in his left hand, and in which he arranges the type in words and lines. It has one open side, and one adjustable end by means of which the length of the lines, and consequently the width of the page or column, may be determined.</cd></cs>

<h1>Composit\'91</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*pos"i*t\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>compositus</ets> made up of parts. See <er>Composite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large family of dicotyledonous plants, having their flowers arranged in dense heads of many small florets and their anthers united in a tube. The daisy, dandelion, and asters, are examples.</def>

<h1>Composite</h1>
<Xpage=291>

<hw>Com*pos"ite</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compositus</ets> made up of parts, p. p. of <ets>componere</ets>. See <er>Compound</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Compost</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made up of distinct parts or elements; compounded; <as>as, a <ex>composite</ex> language</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Happiness, like air and water . . . is <b>composite</b>.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Belonging to a certain order which is composed of the Ionic order grafted upon the Corinthian. It is called also the <altname>Roman</altname> or the <altname>Italic</altname> order, and is one of the five orders recognized by the Italian writers of the sixteenth century. See <er>Capital</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="292">
Page 292<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the order <spn>Composit\'91</spn>; bearing involucrate heads of many small florets, as the daisy, thistle, and dandelion.</def>

<cs><col>Composite carriage</col>, <cd>a railroad car having compartments of different classes.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Composite number</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>one which can be divided exactly by a number exceeding unity, as 6 by 2 or 3.</cd><--  the opposite of <col>prime number</col> -->. -- <mcol><col>Composite</col> <col>photograph &or; portrait</col></mcol>, <cd>one made by a combination, or blending, of several distinct photographs.</cd> <i>F. Galton.</i> -- <col>Composite sailing</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a combination of parallel and great circle sailing.</cd> -- <col>Composite ship</col>, <cd>one with a wooden casing and iron frame.</cd></cs>

<h1>Composite</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com*pos"ite</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is made up of parts or compounded of several elements; composition; combination; compound.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Composition</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com`po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>composition</ets>, fr. L. <ets>compositio</ets>. See <er>Composite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or art of composing, or forming a whole or integral, by placing together and uniting different things, parts, or ingredients. In specific uses: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The invention or combination of the parts of any literary work or discourse, or of a work of art; <as>as, the <ex>composition</ex> of a poem or a piece of music</as>.</def> "The constant habit of elaborate <i>composition." <i>Macaulay.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The art or practice of so combining the different parts of a work of art as to produce a harmonious whole; also, a work of art considered as such.</def> See 4, below. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The act of writing for practice in a language, as English, Latin, German, etc.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The setting up of type and arranging it for printing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being put together or composed; conjunction; combination; adjustment.</def>

<blockquote>View them in <b>composition</b> with other things.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The elementary <b>composition</b> of bodies.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A mass or body formed by combining two or more substances; <as>as, a chemical <ex>composition</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>omposition</b> that looks . . . like marble.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A literary, musical, or artistic production, especially one showing study and care in arrangement; -- often used of an elementary essay or translation done as an educational exercise.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Consistency; accord; congruity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There is no <b>composition</b> in these news
That gives them credit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Mutual agreement to terms or conditions for the settlement of a difference or controversy; also, the terms or conditions of settlement; agreement.</def>

<blockquote>Thus we are agreed:
I crave our <b>composition</b> may be written.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The adjustment of a debt, or avoidance of an obligation, by some form of compensation agreed on between the parties; also, the sum or amount of compensation agreed upon in the adjustment.</def>

<blockquote><b>Compositions</b> for not taking the order of knighthood.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cleared by <b>composition</b> with their creditors.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Synthesis as opposed to analysis.</def>

<blockquote>The investigation of difficult things by the method of analysis ought ever to precede the method of <b>composition</b>.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Composition cloth</col>, <cd>a kind of clotch covered with a preparation making it waterproof.</cd> -- <col>Composition deed</col>, <cd>an agreement for composition between a debtor and several creditors.</cd> -- <col>Composition plane</col> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld>, <cd>the plane by which the two individuals of a twin crystal are united in their reserved positions.</cd> -- <col>Composition of forces</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the finding of a single force (called the <i>resultant<i>) which shall be equal in effect to two or more given forces (called the <i>components<i>) when acting in given directions.</cd> <i>Herbert.</i> -- <col>Composition metal</col>, <cd>an alloy resembling brass, which is sometimes used instead of copper for sheathing vessels; -- also called <altname>Muntz metal</altname> and <altname>yellow metal</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Composition of proportion</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>an arrangement of four proportionals so that the sum of the arrangement of four proportionals so that the sum of the third and fourth to the fourth.</cd></cs?

<h1>Compositive</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com*pos"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compositivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of entering into composition; compounded.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Compositor</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com*pos"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., an arranger.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who composes or sets in order.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>One who sets type and arranges it for use.</def>

<h1>Compositous</h1>
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<hw>Com*pos"i*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the <i>Composit\'91</i>; composite.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Compossible</h1>
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<hw>Com*pos"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>possible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Able to exist with another thing; consistent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chillingworth.</i>

<h1>Compost</h1>
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<hw>Com"post</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[OF. <ets>compost</ets>, fr. L. <ets>compositus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Composite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mixture; a compound.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A sad <b>compost</b> of more bitter than sweet.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>A mixture for fertilizing land; esp., a composition of various substances (as muck, mold, lime, and stable manure) thoroughly mingled and decomposed, as in a compost heap.</def>

<blockquote>And do not spread the <b>compost</b> on the weeds
To make them ranker.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compost</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com"post</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To manure with compost.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mingle, as different fertilizing substances, in a mass where they will decompose and form into a compost.</def>

<h1>Composture</h1>
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<hw>Com*pos"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compositura</ets>, <ets>-postura</ets>, a joining.]</ety> <def>Manure; compost.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Composure</h1>
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<hw>Com*po"sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Compose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of composing, or that which is composed; a composition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Signor Pietro, who had an admirable way both of <b>composure</b> [in music] and teaching.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Orderly adjustment; disposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Various <b>composures</b> and combinations of these corpuscles.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Frame; make; temperament.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His <b>composure</b> must be rare indeed
Whom these things can not blemish.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A settled state; calmness; sedateness; tranquillity; repose.</def> "We seek peace and <i>composure</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>When the passions . . . are all silent, the mind enjoys its most perfect <b>composure</b>.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A combination; a union; a bond.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Compotation</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com`po*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compotatio</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>potare</ets> to drink.]</ety> <def>The act of drinking or tippling together.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The fashion of <b>compotation</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compotator</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com"po*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who drinks with another.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Compote</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com"pote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Compost</er>.]</ety> <def>A preparation of fruit in sirup in such a manner as to preserve its form, either whole, halved, or quartered; <as>as, a <ex>compote</ex> of pears</as>.</def>

<i>Littr<?/.</i>

<hr>
<page="292">
Page 292<p>

<h1>Compound</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com"pound</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>kompund</ets> a village.]</ety> <def>In the East Indies, an inclosure containing a house, outbuildings, etc.</def>

<h1>Compound</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com*pound"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Compounded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Compounding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>componen</ets>, <ets>compounen</ets>, L. <ets>componere</ets>, <ets>compositum</ets>; <ets>com-</ets>+ <ets>ponere</ets> to put set. The <ets>d</ets> is excrescent. See <er>Position</er>, and cf. <er>Compon\'82</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form or make by combining different elements, ingredients, or parts; <as>as, to <ex>compound</ex> a medicine</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Incapacitating him from successfully <b>compounding</b> a tale of this sort.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put together, as elements, ingredients, or parts, in order to form a whole; to combine, mix, or unite.</def>

<blockquote>We have the power of altering and <b>compounding</b> those images into all the varieties of picture.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To modify or change by combination with some other thing or part; to mingle with something else.</def>

<blockquote>Only <b>compound</b> me with forgotten dust.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To compose; to constitute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His pomp and all what state <b>compounds</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To settle amicably; to adjust by agreement; to compromise; to discharge from obligation upon terms different from those which were stipulated; <as>as, to <ex>compound</ex> a debt</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I pray, my lords, let me <b>compound</b> this strife.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To compound a felony</col>, <cd>to accept of a consideration for forbearing to prosecute, such compounding being an indictable offense. See <er>Theftbote</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Compound</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com*pound"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To effect a composition; to come to terms of agreement; to agree; to settle by a compromise; -- usually followed by <i>with</i> before the person participating, and <i>for</i> before the thing compounded or the <i>consideration</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Here's a fellow will help you to-morrow; . . . <b>compound</b> with him by the year.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They were at last glad to <b>compound</b> for his bare commitment to the Tower.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cornwall <b>compounded</b> to furnish ten oxen after Michaelmas for thirty pounds.
<i>R. Carew.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Compound</b> for sins they are inclined to
By damning those they have no mind to.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compound</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com"pound</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>compouned</ets>, p. p. of <ets>compounen</ets>. See <er>Compound</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Composed of two or more elements, ingredients, parts; produced by the union of several ingredients, parts, or things; composite; <as>as, a <ex>compound</ex> word</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Compound</b> substances are made up of two or more simple substances.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Compound addition</col>, <col>substraction</col>, <col>multiplication</col>, <col>division</col></mcol> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>the addition, substraction, etc., of compound numbers.</cd> -- <col>Compound crystal</col> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld>, <cd>a twin crystal, or one seeming to be made up of two or more crystals combined according to regular laws of composition.</cd> -- <col>Compound engine</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a form of steam engine in which the steam that has been used in a high-pressure cylinder is made to do further service in a larger low-pressure cylinder, sometimes in several larger cylinders, successively.</cd> -- <col>Compound ether</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Ether</er>.</cd> -- <col>Compound flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a flower head resembling a single flower, but really composed of several florets inclosed in a common calyxlike involucre, as the sunflower or dandelion.</cd> -- <col>Compound fraction</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Fraction</er>.</cd> -- <col>Compound fracture</col>. <cd>See <er>Fracture</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Compound householder</col>, <cd>a householder who compounds or arranges with his landlord that his rates shall be included in his rents.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Compound interest</col>. <cd>See <er>Interest</er>.</cd> -- <col>Compound larceny</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See <er>Larceny</er>.</cd> -- <col>Compound leaf</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leaf having two or more separate blades or leaflets on a common leafstalk.</cd> -- <col>Compound microscope</col>. <cd>See <er>Microscope</er>.</cd> -- <col>Compound motion</col>. <cd>See <er>Motion</er>.</cd> -- <col>Compound number</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>one constructed according to a varying scale of denomination; as, 3 <i>cwt.<i>, 1 <i>qr.<i>, 5 <i>lb.<i>; -- called also <altname>denominate number</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Compound pier</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a clustered column.</cd> -- <col>Compound quantity</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>a quantity composed of two or more simple quantities or terms, connected by the sign + (plus) or - (minus). Thus, <mathex>a + b - c</mathex>, and <mathex>bb - b</mathex>, are compound quantities.</cd> -- <col>Compound radical</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Radical</er>.</cd> -- <col>Compound ratio</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the product of two or more ratios; thus <mathex>ab:cd</mathex> is a ratio compounded of the simple ratios <mathex>a:c</mathex> and <mathex>b:d</mathex>.</cd> -- <col>Compound rest</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the tool carriage of an engine lathe.</cd> -- <col>Compound screw</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a screw having on the same axis two or more screws with different pitch (a differential screw), or running in different directions (a right and left screw).</cd> -- <col>Compound time</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>that in which two or more simple measures are combined in one; as, 6-8 time is the joining of two measures of 3-8 time.</cd> -- <col>Compound word</col>, <cd>a word composed of two or more words; specifically, two or more words joined together by a hyphen.</cd></cs>

<h1>Compound</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com"pound</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is compounded or formed by the union or mixture of elements ingredients, or parts; a combination of simples; a compound word; the result of composition.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Rare <b>compound</b> of oddity, frolic, and fun.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When the word "bishopric" was first made, it was made as a <b>compound</b>.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A union of two or more ingredients in definite proportions by weight, so combined as to form a distinct substance; <as>as, water is a <ex>compound</ex> of oxygen and hydrogen</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; Every definite chemical <i>compound</i> always contains the same elements, united in the same proportions by weight, and with the same internal arrangement.</note>

<cs><col>Binary compound</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>. <cd>See under <er>Binary</er>.</cd> -- <col>Carbon compounds</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>. <cd>See under <er>Carbon</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Compoundable</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com*pound"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be compounded.</def>

<h1>Compounder</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com*pound"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, compounds or mixes; <as>as, a <ex>compounder</ex> of medicines</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who attempts to bring persons or parties to terms of agreement, or to accomplish, ends by compromises.</def> "<i>Compounder</i> in politics."

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who compounds a debt, obligation, or crime.</def>

<blockquote>Religious houses made <b>compounders</b>
For the horrid actions of their founders.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One at a university who pays extraordinary fees for the degree he is to take.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>A. Wood.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>A Jacobite who favored the restoration of James II, on condition of a general amnesty and of guarantees for the security of the civil and ecclesiastical constitution of the realm.</def>

<h1>Comprador</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com`pra*dor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg., a buyer.]</ety> <def>A kind of steward or agent.</def> <mark>[China]</mark>

<i>S. W. Williams</i>

<h1>Comprecation</h1>
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<hw>Com`pre*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>comprecatio</ets>, fr. <ets>comprecari</ets> to pray to. See <er>Precarious</er>.]</ety> <def>A praying together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i>

<h1>Comprehend</h1>
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<hw>Com`pre*hend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Comprehended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Comprehending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>comprehendere</ets>, <ets>comprehensum</ets>; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>prehendere</ets> to grasp, seize; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>hendere</ets> (used only in comp.). See <er>Get</er>, and cf. <er>Comprise</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To contain; to embrace; to include; <as>as, the states <ex>comprehended</ex> in the Austrian Empire</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Who hath . . . <b>comprehended</b> the dust of the earth in a measure.
<i>Is. xl. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take in or include by construction or implication; to comprise; to imply.</def>

<blockquote><b>Comprehended</b> all in this one word, Discretion.
<i>Hobbes.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And if there be any other commandment, it is briefly <b>comprehended</b> in this saying.
<i>Rom. xiii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take into the mind; to grasp with the understanding; to apprehend the meaning of; to understand.</def>

<blockquote>At a loss to <b>comprehend</b> the question.
<i>W. Irwing.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Great things doeth he, which we can not <b>comprehend</b>.
<i>Job. xxxvii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To contain; include; embrace; comprise; inclose; grasp; embody; involve; imply; apprehend; imagine; conceive; understand. See <er>Apprehend</er>.</syn>

<h1>Comprehensibility</h1>
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<hw>Com`pre*hen`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being comprehensible; capability of being understood.</def>

<h1>Comprehensible</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com"pre*hen"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>comprehensibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>compre\'82hensible</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being comprehended, included, or comprised.</def>

<blockquote>Lest this part of knowledge should seem to any not <b>comprehensible</b> by axiom, we will set down some heads of it.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being understood; intelligible; conceivable by the mind.</def>

<blockquote>The horizon sets the bounds . . . between what is and what is not <b>comprehensible</b> by us.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comprehensibleness</h1>
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<hw>Com`pre*hen"si*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being comprehensible; comprehensibility.</def>

<h1>Comprehensibly</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com`pre*hen"si*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With great extent of signification; comprehensively.</def>

<i>Tillotson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Intelligibly; in a manner to be comprehended or understood.</def>

<h1>Comprehension</h1>
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<hw>Com`pre*hen"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>comprehensio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>compr\'82hension</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of comprehending, containing, or comprising; inclusion.</def>

<blockquote>In the Old Testament there is a close <b>comprehension</b> of the New; in the New, an open discovery of the Old.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is comrehended or inclosed within narrow limits; a summary; an epitome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Though not a catalogue of fundamentals, yet . . . a <b>comprehension</b> of them.
<i>Chillingworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The capacity of the mind to perceive and understand; the power, act, or process of grasping with the intellect; perception; understanding; <as>as, a <ex>comprehension</ex> of abstract principles</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The complement of attributes which make up the notion signified by a general term.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which the name of a whole is put for a part, or that of a part for a whole, or a definite number for an indefinite.</def>

<h1>Comprehensive</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com`pre*hen"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>compr\'82hensif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Including much; comprising many things; having a wide scope or a full view.</def>

<blockquote>A very <b>comprehensive</b> definition.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Large and <b>comprehensive</b> idea.
<i>Channing.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the power to comprehend or understand many things.</def> "His <i>comprehensive</i> head."

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Possessing peculiarities that are characteristic of several diverse groups.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is applied chiefly to early fossil groups which have a combination of structures that appear in more fully developed or specialized forms in later groups. <i>Synthetic</i>, as used by Agssiz, is nearly synonymous.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Extensive; wide; large; full; compendious.</syn>

<h1>Comprehensively</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com`pre*hen"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a comprehensive manner; with great extent of scope.</def>

<h1>Comprehensiveness</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com`pre*hen"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being comprehensive; extensiveness of scope.</def>

<blockquote>Compare the beauty and <b>comprehensiveness</b> of legends on ancient coins.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comprehensor</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com`pre*hen"sor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who comprehends; one who has attained to a full knowledge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When I shall have dispatched this weary pilgrimage, and from a traveler shall come to be a <b>comprehensor</b>, farewell faith and welcome vision.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compress</h1>
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<hw>Com*press"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Compressed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Compressing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>compressus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>comprimere</ets> to compress: <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>premere</ets> to press. See Press.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To press or squeeze together; to force into a narrower compass; to reduce the volume of by pressure; to compact; to condense; <as>as, to <ex>compress</ex> air or water</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Events of centuries . . . <b>compressed</b> within the compass of a single life.
<i>D. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The same strength of expression, though more <b>compressed</b>, runs through his historical harangues.
<i>Melmoth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To embrace sexually.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To crowd; squeeze; condense; reduce; abridge.</syn>

<h1>Compress</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com"press</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>compresse</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A folded piece of cloth, pledget of lint, etc., used to cover the dressing of wounds, and so placed as, by the aid of a bandage, to make due pressure on any part.</def>

<h1>Compressed</h1>
<Xpage=292>

<hw>Com*pressed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pressed together; compacted; reduced in volume by pressure.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Flattened lengthwise.</def>

<cs><col>Compessed air engine</col>, <cd>an engine operated by the elastic force of compressed air.</cd></cs>

<h1>Compressibility</h1>
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<hw>Com*press`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>compressibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being compressible of being compressible; <as>as, the <ex>compressibility</ex> of elastic fluids</as>.</def>

<h1>Compressible</h1>
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<hw>Com*press"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>compressible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being pressed together or forced into a narrower compass, as an elastic or spongy substance.</def>

<h1>Compressibleness</h1>
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<hw>Com*press"ible*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being compressible; compressibility.</def>

<h1>Compression</h1>
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<hw>Com*pres"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compressio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>compression</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of compressing, or state of being compressed.</def> "<i>Compression</i> of thought."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Compressive</h1>
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<hw>Com*press"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>compressif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Compressing, or having power or tendency to compress; <as>as, a <ex>compressive</ex> force</as>.</def>

<h1>Compressor</h1>
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<hw>Com*press"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Anything which serves to compress</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle that compresses certain parts.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument for compressing an artery (esp., the femoral artery) or other part.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An apparatus for confining or flattening between glass plates an object to be examined with the microscope; -- called also <altname>compressorium</altname>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A machine for compressing gases; especially, an air compressor.</def>

<h1>Compressure</h1>
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<hw>Com*pres"sure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Compression.</def>

<h1>Comprint</h1>
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<hw>Com*print"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To print together.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To print surreptitiously a work belonging to another.</def>

<i>E. Phillips.</i>

<h1>Comprint</h1>
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<hw>Com"print</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The surreptitious printing of another's copy or book; a work thus printed.</def>

<h1>Comprisal</h1>
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<hw>Com*pris"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of comprising or comprehending; a compendium or epitome.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>comprisal</b> . . . and sum of all wickedness.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comprise</h1>
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<hw>Com*prise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Comprised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Comprising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From F. <ets>compris</ets>, <ets>comprise</ets>, p. p. of <ets>comprendre</ets>, L. <ets>comprehendere</ets>. See <er>Comprehend</er>.]</ety> <def>To comprehend; to include.</def>

<blockquote><b>Comprise</b> much matter in few words.
<i>Hocker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Friendship does two souls in one <b>comprise</b>.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To embrace; include; comprehend; contain; encircle; inclose; involve; imply.</syn>

<h1>Comprobate</h1>
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<hw>Com"pro*bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>comprobatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>comprobare</ets>, to approve wholly.]</ety> <def>To agree; to concur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Comprobation</h1>
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<hw>Com`pro*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>comprobatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Joint attestation; proof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Approbation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Compromise</h1>
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<hw>Com"pro*mise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>compromis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>compromissum</ets> a mutual promise to abide by the decision of an arbiter, fr. <ets>compromittere</ets> to make such a promise; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>promittere</ets> to promise. See <er>Promise</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mutual agreement to refer matters in dispute to the decision of arbitrators.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A settlement by arbitration or by mutual consent reached by concession on both sides; a reciprocal abatement of extreme demands or rights, resulting in an agreement.</def>

<blockquote>But basely yielded upon <b>compromise</b>
That which his noble ancestors achieved with blows.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All government, indeed every human benefit and enjoyment, every virtue and every prudent act, is founded on <b>compromise</b> and barter.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An abhorrence of concession and <b>compromise</b> is a never failing characteristic of religious factions.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A committal to something derogatory or objectionable; a prejudicial concession; a surrender; <as>as, a <ex>compromise</ex> of character or right</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I was determined not to accept any fine speeches, to the <b>compromise</b> of that sex the belonging to which was, after all, my strongest claim and title to them.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compromise</h1>
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<hw>Com"pro*mise</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Compromised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Compromising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Compromise</er>, <tt>n.</tt>; cf. <er>Compromit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bind by mutual agreement; to agree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Laban and himself were <b>compromised</b>
That all the eanlings which were streaked and pied
Should fall as Jacob's hire.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To adjust and settle by mutual concessions; to compound.</def>

<blockquote>The controversy may easily be <b>compromised</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pledge by some act or declaration; to endanger the life, reputation, etc., of, by some act which can not be recalled; to expose to suspicion.</def>

<blockquote>To pardon all who had been <b>compromised</b> in the late disturbances.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compromise</h1>
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<hw>Com"pro*mise</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To agree; to accord.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make concession for concilation and peace.</def>

<h1>Compromiser</h1>
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<hw>Com"pro*mi`ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who compromises.</def>

<h1>Compromissorial</h1>
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<hw>Com`pro*mis*so"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to compromise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chalmers.</i>

<h1>Compromit</h1>
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<hw>Com"pro*mit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Compromitted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Compromitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>compromittere</ets>. See <er>Compromise</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pledge by some act or declaration; to promise.</def>

<i>State Trials (1529).</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put to hazard, by some indiscretion; to endanger; to compromise; <as>as, to <ex>compromit</ex> the honor or the safety of a nation</as>.</def>

<h1>Comprovincial</h1>
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<hw>Com`pro*vin"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to, or associated in, the same province.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One who belongs to the same province.</def></def2> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The six islands, <b>comprovincial</b>
In ancient times unto Great Britiain.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comsognathus</h1>
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<hw>Com*sog"na*thus</hw> <tt>(? <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ elegant, pretty + <?/ jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of Dinosauria found in the Jurassic formation, and remarkable for having several birdlike features.</def>

<h1>Compt</h1>
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<hw>Compt</hw> <tt>(kount, <it>formerly</it> k\'cemt; 215)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>compte</ets>. See <er>Count</er> an account.]</ety> <def>Account; reckoning; computation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Compt</h1>
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<hw>Compt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>compter</ets>. See <er>Count</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To compute; to count. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Count</er>.</def>

<h1>Compt</h1>
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<hw>Compt</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>comptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>comere</ets> to care for, comb, arrange, adorn.]</ety> <def>Neat; spruce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Compter</h1>
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<hw>Compt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A counter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Compte rendu</h1>
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<hw>Compte" ren`du</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A report of an officer or agent.</def>

<h1>Comptible</h1>
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<hw>Compt"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Compt</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Accountable; responsible; sensitive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I am very <b>comptible</b> even to the least sinister usage.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comptly</h1>
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<hw>Compt"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Neatly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Comptrol</h1>
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<hw>Comp*trol"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Control</er>.</def>

<h1>Comptroler</h1>
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<hw>Comp*trol"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A controller; a public officer whose duty it is to examine certify accounts.</def>

<h1>Compulsative</h1>
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<hw>Com*pul"sa*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>compulsare</ets>, v. intens. of <ets>compellere</ets>. See <er>Compel</er>.]</ety> <def>Compulsatory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Compulsatively</h1>
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<hw>Com*pul"sa*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By compulsion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Compulsatory</h1>
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<hw>Com*pul"sa*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Operating with force; compelling; forcing; constraininig; resulting from, or enforced by, compulsion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To recover of us, by strong hand
And terms <b>compulsatory</b>, those foresaid lands.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compulsion</h1>
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<hw>Com*pul"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compulsio</ets>. See <er>Compel</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of compelling, or the state of being compelled; the act of driving or urging by force or by physical or moral constraint; subjection to force.</def>

<blockquote>If reasons were as plentiful as blackberries, I would give no man a reason upon <b>compulsion</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With what <b>complusion</b> and laborious flight
We sunk thus low.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Constraint</er>.</syn>

<h1>Compulsive</h1>
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<hw>Com*pul"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power to compel; exercising or applying compulsion.</def>

<blockquote>Religion is . . . inconsistent with all <b>compulsive</b> motives.
<i>Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compulsively</h1>
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<hw>Com*pul"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By compulsion; by force.</def>

<h1>Compulsorily</h1>
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<hw>Com*pul"so*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. In a compulsory manner</tt><def>; <i>by force or constraint</i>.</def>

<h1>Compulsory</h1>
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<hw>Com*pul"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>compulsorius</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the power of compulsion; constraining.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Obligatory; enjoined by authority; necessary; due to complusion.</def>

<blockquote>This contribution therestening fall infinitely short of their hopes, they soon made it <b>compulsory</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compunct</h1>
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<hw>Com*punct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>compunctus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Affected with compunction; conscience-stricken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Compunction</h1>
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<hw>Com*punc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>compunction</ets>, F. <ets>componction</ets>, L. <ets>compunctio</ets>, fr. <ets>compungere</ets>, <ets>compunctum</ets>, to prick; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>pungere</ets> to prick, sting. See <er>Pungent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pricking; stimulation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That acid piecering spirit which, with such activity and <b>compunction</b>, invadeth the brains and nostrils.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A picking of heart; poignant grief proceeding from a sense of guilt or consciousness of causing pain; the sting of conscience.</def>

<blockquote>He acknowledged his disloyalty to the king, with expressions of great <b>compunction</b>.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Compunction</er>, <er>Remorse</er>, <er>Contrition</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Remorse</i> is anguish of soul under a sense of guilt or consciousness of having offened God or brought evil upon one's self or others. <i>Compunction</i> is the pain occasioned by a wounded and awakened conscience. Neither of them implies true <i>contrition</i>, which denotes self-condemnation, humiliation, and repentance. We speak of the gnawings of <i>remorse</i>; of <i>compunction</i> for a specific act of transgression; of deep <i>contrition</i> in view of our past lives. See <er>Regret</er>.</usage>

<h1>Compunctionless</h1>
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<hw>Com*punc"tion*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without compunction.</def>

<h1>Compunctious</h1>
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<hw>Com*punc"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of compunction; caused by conscience; attended with, or causing, compunction.</def>

<blockquote>That no <b>compunctious</b> vistings of nature
Shake my fell purpose.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compunctiously</h1>
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<hw>Com*punc"tious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With compunction.</def>

<h1>Compunctive</h1>
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<hw>Com*punc"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sensitive in respect of wrongdoing; conscientious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Compurgation</h1>
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<hw>Com`pur*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>compurgatio</ets>, fr. <ets>compurgare</ets> to purify wholly; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>purgare</ets> to make pure. See Purge, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act or practice of justifying or confirming a man's veracity by the oath of others; -- called also <altname>wager of law</altname>. See <er>Purgation</er>; also <cref>Wager of law</cref>, under <er>Wager</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exculpation by testimony to one's veracity or innocence.</def>

<blockquote>He was privileged from his childhood from suspicion of incontinency and needed no <b>compurgation</b>.
<i>Bp. Hacket.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compurgator</h1>
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<hw>Com"pur*ga`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>One who bears testimony or swears to the veracity or innocence of another. See <er>Purgation</er>; also <cref>Wager of law</cref>, under <er>Wager</er>.</def>
<-- = character witness. -->

<blockquote>All they who know me . . . will say they have reason in this matter to be my <b>compurgators</b>.
<i>Chillingworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Compurgatorial</h1>
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<hw>Com*pur`ga*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to a compurgator or to compurgation.</def> "Their <i>compurgatorial</i> oath."

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Computable</h1>
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<hw>Com*put"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>computabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being computed, numbered, or reckoned.</def>

<blockquote>Not easily <b>computable</b> by arithmetic.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<-- computable number. -->

<h1>Computation</h1>
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<hw>Com`pu*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>computatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>computation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of computing; calculation; reckoning.</def>

<blockquote>By just <b>computation</b> of the time.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By a <b>computation</b> backward from ourselves.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The result of computation; the amount computed.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Reckoning; calculation; estimate; account.</syn>

<h1>Compute</h1>
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<hw>Com*pute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Computed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Computing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>computare</ets>. See <er>Count</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To determine calculation; to reckon; to count.</def>

<blockquote>Two days, as we <b>compute</b> the days of heaven.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What's done we partly may <b>compute</b>,
But know not what's resisted.
<i>Burns.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To calculate; number; count; recken; estimate; enumerate; rate. See <er>Calculate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Compute</h1>
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<hw>Com*pute"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>computus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>comput</ets>.]</ety> <def>Computation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Computer</h1>
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<hw>Com*put"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who computes.</def>

<-- a machine which computes -->

<h1>Computist</h1>
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<hw>Com"pu*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A computer.</def>

<h1>Comrade</h1>
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<hw>Com"rade</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>camarada</ets>, fr. L. <ets>camara</ets>, a chamber; hence, a chamber-fellowship, and then a chamber-fellow: cf. F. <ets>camarade</ets>. Cf. <er>Chamber</er>.]</ety> <def>A mate, companion, or associate.</def>

<blockquote>And turned my flying <b>comrades</b> to the charge.
<i>J. Baillie.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I abjure all roofs, and choose . . .
To be a <b>comrade</b> with the wolf and owl.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comradery</h1>
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<hw>Com"rade*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>camarederie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The spirit of comradeship; comradeship.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>"Certainly", said Dunham, with the <b>comradery</b> of the smoker.
<i>W. D. Howells.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Comradeship</h1>
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<hw>Com"rade*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a comrade; intimate fellowship.</def>

<h1>Comrogue</h1>
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<hw>Com"rogue`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fellow rogue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Comtism</h1>
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<hw>Com"tism</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after the French philosopher, Auguste <ets>Comte</ets>.]</ety> <def>Positivism; the positive philosophy. See <er>Positivism</er>.</def>

<h1>Comtist</h1>
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<hw>Com"tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A disciple of Comte; a positivist.</def>

<h1>Con</h1>
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<hw>Con</hw><def>- (<?/). A prefix, fr. L. <i>cum</i>, signifying <i>with</i>, <i>together</i>, etc. See <er>Com</er>-.</def>

<h1>Con</h1>
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<hw>Con</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. from L. <ets>contra</ets> against.]</ety> <def>Against the affirmative side; in opposition; on the negative side; -- The antithesis of <i>pro</i>, and usually in connection with it. See <er>Pro</er>.</def>

<h1>Con</h1>
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<hw>Con</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Conned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Conning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>cunnan</ets> to know, be able, and (derived from this) <ets>cunnian</ets> to try, test. See <er>Can</er>, <ets>v. t. & i.</ets>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To know; to understand; to acknowledge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Of muses, Hobbinol, I <b>con</b> no skill.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They say they <b>con</b> to heaven the highway.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To study in order to know; to peruse; to learn; to commit to memory; to regard studiously.</def>

<blockquote>Fixedly did look
Upon the muddy waters which he <b>conned</b>
As if he had been reading in a book.
<i>Wodsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I did not come into Parliament to <b>con</b> my lesson.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To con answer</col>, <cd>to be able to answer.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>To con thanks</col>, <cd>to thank; to acknowledge obligation. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Con</h1>
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<hw>Con</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cond</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To conduct, or superintend the steering of (a vessel); to watch the course of (a vessel) and direct the helmsman how to steer.</def>

<h1>Conacre</h1>
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<hw>Con*a"cre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To underlet a proportion of, for a single crop; -- said of a farm.</def> <mark>[Ireland]</mark>

<h1>Conacre</h1>
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<hw>Con*a"cre</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A system of letting a proportion of a farm for a single crop. <mark>[Ireland]</mark> Also used adjectively; <as>as, the <ex>conacre</ex> system or principle</as>.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Conarium</h1>
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<hw>Co*na"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The pineal gland.</def>

<h1>Conation</h1>
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<hw>Co*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conatio</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The power or act which directs or impels to effort of any kind, whether muscular or psychical.</def>

<blockquote>Of <b>conation</b>, in other words, of desire and will.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conative</h1>
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<hw>Co"na*tive</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Conatus</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to conation.</def>

<blockquote>This division of mind into the three great classes of the cognitive faculties, the feelings, . . . and the exertive or <b>conative</b> powers, . . . was first promulgated by Kant.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conatus</h1>
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<hw>Co*na"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>conatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>conari</ets> to attempt.]</ety> <def>A natural tendency inherent in a body to develop itself; an attempt; an effort.</def>

<blockquote>What <b>conatus</b> could give prickles to the porcupine or hedgehog, or to the sheep its fleece?
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concamerate</h1>
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<hw>Con*cam"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concameratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>concamerare</ets> to arch over. See <er>Camber</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To arch over; to vault.</def>

<blockquote>Of the upper beak an inch and a half consisteth of one <b>concamerated</b> bone.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To divide into chambers or cells.</def>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Concameration</h1>
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<hw>Con*cam`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concameratio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An arch or vault.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A chamber of a multilocular shell.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Concatenate</h1>
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<hw>Con*cat"e*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Concatenated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Concatenating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>concatenatus</ets>, p. p. of concatenare to concatenate. See <er>Catenate</er>.]</ety> <def>To link together; to unite in a series or chain, as things depending on one another.</def>

<blockquote>This all things friendly will <b>concatenate</b>.
<i>Dr. H. More</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concatenation</h1>
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<hw>Con*cat`e*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concatenatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A series of links united; a series or order of things depending on each other, as if linked together; a chain, a succession.</def>

<blockquote>The stoics affirmed a fatal, unchangeable <b>concatenation</b> of causes, reaching even to the illicit acts of man's will.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>concatenation</b> of explosions.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concause</h1>
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<hw>Con*cause"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A joint cause.</def>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<hr>
<page="294">
Page 294<p>

<h1>Concavation</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con`ca*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of making concave.</def>

<h1>Concave</h1>
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<hw>Con"cave</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concavus</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>cavus</ets> hollow: cf. F. <ets>concave</ets>. See <er>Cave</er> a hollow.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hollow and curved or rounded; vaulted; -- said of the interior of a curved surface or line, as of the curve of the of the inner surface of an eggshell, in opposition to <contr>convex</contr>; <as>as, a <ex>concave</ex> mirror; the <ex>concave</ex> arch of the sky.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hollow; void of contents.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>As <b>concave</b> . . . as a worm-eaten nut.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concave</h1>
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<hw>Con"cave</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concavum</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hollow; an arched vault; a cavity; a recess.</def>

<blockquote>Up to the fiery <b>concave</b> towering hight.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A curved sheath or breasting for a revolving cylinder or roll.</def>

<h1>Concave</h1>
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<hw>Con"cave</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>concaved</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr.& vb. n.</tt> <er>Concaving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make hollow or concave.</def>

<h1>Concaved</h1>
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<hw>Con"caved</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Bowed in the form of an arch; -- called also <altname>arched</altname>.</def>

<h1>Concaveness</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con"cave*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hollowness; concavity.</def>

<h1>Concavity</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*cav"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Concavities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>concavitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>concavit\'82</ets>. See <er>Concave</er>.]</ety> <def>A concave surface, or the space bounded by it; the state of being concave.</def>

<h1>Concavo-concave</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*ca`vo-con"cave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Concave or hollow on both sides; double concave.</def>

<h1>Concavo-convex</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*ca`vo-con"vex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concave on one side and convex on the other, as an eggshell or a crescent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Optics)</fld> <def>Specifically, having such a combination of concave and convex sides as makes the focal axis the shortest line between them. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Lens</er>.</def>

<h1>Concavous</h1>
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<hw>Con*ca*"vous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concavus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Concave.</def>

<i>Abp. potter.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Con*ca"vous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Conceal</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*ceal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Concealed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Concealing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>conceler</ets>, L. <ets>concelare</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>celare</ets>to hide; akin to AS. <ets>helan</ets>, G. hehlen, E. <ets>hele</ets> (<ets>to cover</ets>), <ets>helmet</ets>. See <er>Hell</er>, <er>Helmet</er>.]</ety> <def>To hide or withdraw from observation; to cover; to cover or keep from sight; to prevent the discovery of; to withhold knowledge of.</def>

<blockquote>It is the glory of God to <b>conceal</b> a thing.
<i>Prov. xxv. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Declare ye among the nations, . . . publish and <b>conceal</b> not.
<i>Jer. 1. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He which finds him shall deserve our thanks, . . .
He that <b>conceals</b> him, death.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To hide; secrete; screen; cover; disguise; dissemble; mask; veil; cloak; screen.</syn> <usage> -- <er>To Conceal</er>, <er>Hide</er>, <er>Disguise</er>, <er>Dissemble</er>, <er>Secrete</er>. To <i>hide</i> is the generic term, which embraces all the rest. To <i>conceal</i> is simply not make known what we wish to keep secret. In the Bible <i>hide</i> often has the specific meaning of <i>conceal</i>. See <i>1 Sam. iii. 17, 18</i>. To <i>disguise</i> or <i>dissemble</i> is to conceal by assuming some false appearance. To <i>secrete</i> is to hide in some place of secrecy. A man may <i>conceal</i> facts, <i>disguise</i> his sentiments, <i>dissemble</i> his feelings, <i>secrete</i> stolen goods.</usage>

<blockquote>Bur double griefs afflict <b>concealing</b> hearts.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Both <b>dissemble</b> deeply their affections.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We have in these words a primary sense, which reveals a future state, and a secondary sense, which <b>hides</b> and <b>secretes</b> it.
<i>Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concealable</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*ceal"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being concealed.</def>

<h1>Concealed</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*cealed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hidden; kept from sight; secreted.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Con*ceal"ed*ly</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Con*ceal"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Concealed weapons</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>dangerous weapons so carried on the person as to be knowingly or willfully concealed from sight, -- a practice forbidden by statute.<-- in some states! --></cd></cs>

<h1>Concealer</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*ceal"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who conceals.</def>

<h1>Concealment</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*ceal"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>concelement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of concealing; the state of being concealed.</def>

<blockquote>But let <b>concealment</b>, like a worm i' the bud,
Feed on her damask cheek.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some dear cause
Will in <b>concealment</b> wrap me up awhile.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place of hiding; a secret place; a retreat frem observation.</def>

<blockquote>The cleft tree
Offers its kind <b>concealment</b> to a few.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A secret; out of the way knowledge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Well read in strange <b>concealments</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Suppression of such facts and circumstances as in justice ought to be made known.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Concede</h1>
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<hw>Con*cede"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Conceded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Conceding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>concedere</ets>, <ets>concessum</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>cedere</ets> to go along, give way, yield: cf. F. <ets>conc\'82der</ets>. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To yield or suffer; to surrender; to grant; as. to <i>concede</i> the point in question.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grant, as a right or privilege; to make concession of.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To admit to be true; to acknowledge.</def>

<blockquote>We <b>concede</b> that their citizens were those who lived under different forms.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To grant; allow; admit; yield; surrender.</syn>

<h1>Concede</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*cede"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To yield or make concession.</def>

<blockquote>I wished you to <b>concede</b> to America, at a time when she prayed concession at our feet.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conceit</h1>
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<hw>Con*ceit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Through French, fr. L. <ets>conceptus</ets> a conceiving, conception, fr. <ets>concipere</ets> to conceive: cf. OF. p. p. nom. <ets>conciez</ets> conceived. See <er>Conceive</er>, and cf. <er>Concept</er>, <er>Deceit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is conceived, imagined, or formed in the mind; idea; thought; image; conception.</def>

<blockquote>In laughing, there ever procedeth a <b>conceit</b> of somewhat ridiculous.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A man wise in his own <b>conceit</b>.
<i>Prov. xxvi. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Faculty of conceiving ideas; mental faculty; apprehension; <as>as, a man of quick <ex>conceit</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>How often, alas! did her eyes say unto me that they loved! and yet I, not looking for such a matter, had not my <b>conceit</b> open to understand them.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Quickness of apprehension; active imagination; lively fancy.</def>

<blockquote>His wit's as thick as Tewksbury mustard; there's more <b>conceit</b> in him than is in a mallet.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A fanciful, odd, or extravagant notion; a quant fancy; an unnatural or affected conception; a witty thought or turn of expression; a fanciful device; a whim; a quip.</def>

<blockquote>On his way to the gibbet, a freak took him in the head to go off with a <b>conceit</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some to <b>conceit</b> alone their works confine,
And glittering thoughts struck out at every line.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Tasso is full of <b>conceits</b> . . . which are not only below the dignity of heroic verse but contrary to its nature.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An overweening idea of one's self; vanity.</def>

<blockquote>Plumed with <b>conceit</b> he calls aloud.
<i>Cotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Design; pattern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>In conceit with</col>, <cd>in accord with; agreeing or conforming.</cd> -- <col>Out of conceit with</col>, <cd>not having a favorable opinion of; not pleased with; as, a man is <i>out of conceit with<i> his dress.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To put <nul>[one]</nul> out conceit with</col>, <cd>to make one indifferent to a thing, or in a degree displeased with it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Conceit</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*ceit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To conceive; to imagine.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The strong, by <b>conceiting</b> themselves weak, are therebly rendered as inactive . . . as if they really were so.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>One of two bad ways you must <b>conceit</b> me,
Either a coward or a flatterer.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conceit</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*ceit"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form an idea; to think.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Those whose . . . vulgar apprehensions <b>conceit</b> but low of matrimonial purposes.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conceited</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*ceit"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Endowed with fancy or imagination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He was . . . pleasantly <b>conceited</b>, and sharp of wit.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Entertaining a flattering opinion of one's self; vain.</def>

<blockquote>If you think me too <b>conceited</b>
Or to passion quickly heated.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Conceited</b> of their own wit, science, and politeness.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Curiously contrived or designed; fanciful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>conceited</b> chair to sleep in.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Vain; proud; opinionated; egotistical.</syn>

<h1>Conceitedly</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*ceit"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an egotistical manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fancifully; whimsically.</def>

<h1>Conceitedness</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*ceit"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being conceited; conceit; vanity.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Conceitless</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*ceit"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without wit; stupid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Think'st thou I am so shallow, so <b>conceitless</b>.
To be seduced by thy flattery?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conceivable</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*ceiv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>concevable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being conceived, imagined, or understood.</def> "Any <i>conceivable</i> weight."

<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i>

<blockquote>It is not <b>conceivable</b> that it should be indeed that very person whose shape and voice it assumed.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Con*ceiv"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Con*ceiv"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Conceive</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*ceive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Conceived</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Conceiving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>conzoivre</ets>, <ets>concever</ets>, <ets>conceveir</ets>, F. <ets>concevoir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>oncipere</ets> to take, to conceive; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>capere</ets> to seize or take. See <er>Capable</er>, and cf. <er>Conception</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To receive into the womb and begin to breed; to begin the formation of the embryo of.</def>

<blockquote>She hath also <b>conceived</b> a son in her old age.
<i>Luke i. 36.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form in the mind; to plan; to devise; to generate; to originate; <as>as, to <ex>conceive</ex> a purpose, plan, hope</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It was among the ruins of the Capitol that I first <b>conceived</b> the idea of a work which has amused and exercised near twenty years of my life.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Conceiving</b> and uttering from the heart words of falsehood.
<i>Is. lix. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To apprehend by reason or imagination; to take into the mind; to know; to imagine; to comprehend; to understand.</def> "I <i>conceive</i> you."

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<blockquote>O horror, horror, horror! Tongue nor heart
Cannot <b>conceive</b> nor name thee!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You will hardly <b>conceive</b> him to have been bred in the same climate.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To apprehend; imagine; suppose; understand; comprehend; believe; think.</syn>

<h1>Conceive</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*ceive"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have an embryo or fetus formed in the womb; to breed; to become pregnant.</def>

<blockquote>A virgin shall <b>conceive</b>, and bear a son.
<i>Isa. vii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have a conception, idea, or opinion; think; -- with <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Conceive</b> of things clearly and distinctly in their own natures.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conceiver</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*ceiv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who conceives.</def>

<h1>Concelebrate</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*cel"e*brate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concelebratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>concelebrare</ets> to concelebrate.]</ety> <def>To celebrate together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Concent</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*cent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concentus</ets>, fr. <ets>concinere</ets> to sing together; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>canere</ets> to sing.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concert of voices; concord of sounds; harmony; <as>as, a <ex>concent</ex> of notes</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>That undisturbed song of pure <b>concent</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consistency; accordance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In <b>concent</b> to his own principles.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concenter, Concentre</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw><hw>Con*cen"ter</hw>, <hw>Con*cen"tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Concentered</er> or <er>Concentred</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Concentering</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Concentring</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>concentrer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>centrum</ets> center. See <er>Center</er>, and cf. <er>Concentrate</er>]</ety> <def>To come to one point; to meet in, or converge toward, a common center; to have a common center.</def>

<blockquote>God, in whom all perfections <b>concenter</b>.
<i>Bp. Beveridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concenter, Concentre</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw><hw>Con*cen"ter</hw>, <hw>Con*cen"tre</hw><hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To draw or direct to a common center; to bring together at a focus or point, as two or more lines; to concentrate.</def>

<blockquote>In thee <b>concentering</b> all their precious beams.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All is <b>concentered</b> in a life intense.
<i>Byren.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concentrate</h1>
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<hw>Con*cen"trate</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Concentrated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Concentrating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>con-</ets> + L. <ets>centrum</ets> center. Cf. <er>Concenter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring to, or direct toward, a common center; to unite more closely; to gather into one body, mass, or force; to fix; <as>as, to <ex>concentrate</ex> rays of light into a focus; to <ex>concentrate</ex> the attention.</as></def>

<blockquote>(He) <b>concentrated</b> whole force at his own camp.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To increase the strength and diminish the bulk of, as of a liquid or an ore; to intensify, by getting rid of useless material; to condense; <as>as, to <ex>concentrate</ex> acid by evaporation; to <ex>concentrate</ex> by washing</as>; -- opposed to <ant>dilute</ant>.</def>

<blockquote>Spirit of vinegar <b>concentrated</b> and reduced to its greatest strength.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To combine; to condense; to consolidate.</syn>

<h1>Concentrate</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*cen"trate</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To approach or meet in a common center; to consolidate; <as>as, population tends to <ex>concentrate</ex> in cities</as>.</def>

<h1>Concentration</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con`cen*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>concentration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of concentrating; the process of becoming concentrated, or the state of being concentrated; concentration.</def>

<blockquote><b>Concentration</b> of the lunar beams.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Intense <b>concetration</b> of thought.
<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or process of reducing the volume of a liquid, as by evaporation.</def>

<blockquote>The acid acquires a higher degree of <b>concentration</b>.
<i>Knight.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The act or process of removing the dress of ore and of reducing the valuable part to smaller compass, as by currents of air or water.</def>

<h1>Concentrative</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*cen"tra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving or tending to concentrate; characterized by concentration.</def>

<blockquote>A discrimination is only possible by a <b>concentrative</b> act, or act of attention.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concentrativeness</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*cen"tra*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of concentrating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>The faculty or propensity which has to do with concentrating the intellectual the intellectual powers.</def>

<i>Combe.</i>

<h1>Concentrator</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con"cen*tra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>An apparatus for the separation of dry comminuted ore, by exposing it to intermittent puffs of air.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Concentric, Concentrical</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw><hw>Con*cen"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Con*cen"tric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>concentrique</ets>. See <er>Concenter</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a common center, as circles of different size, one within another.</def>

<blockquote><b>Concentric</b> circles upon the surface of the water.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Concentrical</b> rings like those of an onion.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concentric</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*cen"tric</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which has a common center with something else.</def>

<blockquote>Its pecular relations to its <b>concentrics</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concentrically</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*cen"tric*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a concentric manner.</def>

<h1>Concentricity</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con`cen*tric"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being concentric.</def>

<h1>Concentual</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*cen"tu*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>From</tt> <er>Concent</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Possesing harmony; accordant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Warton.</i>

<h1>Concept</h1>
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<hw>Con"cept</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conceptus</ets> (cf. neut. <ets>conceptum</ets> fetus), p. p. of <ets>concipere</ets> to conceive: cf. F. <ets>concept</ets>. See <er>Conceit</er>.]</ety> <def>An abstract general conception; a notion; a universal.</def>

<blockquote>The words <b>conception</b>, <b>concept</b>, <b>notion</b>, should be limited to the thought of what can not be represented in the imagination; as, the thought suggested by a general term.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conceptacle</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*cep"ta*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conceptaculum</ets>, fr. <ets>concipere</ets> to receive. See <er>Conceive</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That in which anything is contained; a vessel; a receiver or receptacle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A pericarp, opening longitudinally on one side and having the seeds loose in it; a follicle; a double follicle or pair of follicles.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the cases containing the spores, etc., of flowerless plants, especially of algae.</def>

<h1>Conceptibility</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*cep`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being conceivable; conceivableness.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Conceptible</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*cep"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Conceive</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being conceived; conceivable.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Conception</h1>
<Xpage=294>

<hw>Con*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>conception</ets>, L. <ets>conceptio</ets>, fr. <ets>concipere</ets> to conceive. See <er>Conceive</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of conceiving in the womb; the initiation of an embryonic animal life.</def>

<blockquote>I will greaty multiply thy sorrow and thy <b>conception</b>.
<i>Gen. iii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being conceived; beginning.</def>

<blockquote>Joy had the like <b>conception</b> in our eyes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The power or faculty of apprehending of forming an idea in the mind; the power of recalling a past sensation or perception.</def>

<blockquote>Under the article of <b>conception</b>, I shall confine myself to that faculty whose province it is to enable us to form a notion of our past sensations, or of the objects of sense that we have formerly perceived.
<i>Stewart.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The formation in the mind of an image, idea, or notion, apprehension.</def>

<blockquote><b>Conception</b> consists in a conscious act of the understanding, bringing any given object or impression into the same class with any number of other objects or impression, by means of some character or characters common to them all.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The image, idea, or notion of any action or thing which is formed in the mind; a concept; a notion; a universal; the product of a rational belief or judgment. See <er>Concept</er>.</def>

<blockquote>He [Herodotus] says that the sun draws or attracts the water; a metaphorical term obviously intended to denote some more general and abstract <b>conception</b> than that of the visible operation which the word primarily signifies.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Idea; purpose; design.</def>

<blockquote>Note this dangerous <b>conception</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Conceit; affected sentiment or thought.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He . . . is full of <b>conceptions</b>, points of epigram, and witticism.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Idea; notion; perception; apprehemsion; comprehension.</syn>

<hr>
<page="295">
Page 295<p>

<h1>Conceptional</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cep"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to conception.</def>

<h1>Conceptionalist</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cep"tion*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A conceptualist.</def>

<h1>Conceptious</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cep"tious</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Apt to conceive; fruitful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Conceptive</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cep"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>conceptif</ets>, L. <ets>conceptivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of conceiving.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne</i>

<h1>Conceptual</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cep"tu*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to conception.</def>

<h1>Conceptualism</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cep"tu*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>A theory, intermediate between realism and nominalism, that the mind has the power of forming for itself general conceptions of individual or single objects.</def>

<i>Stewart.</i>

<h1>Conceptualist</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cep"tu*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>One who maintains the theory of conceptualism.</def>

<i>Stewart.</i>

<h1>Concern</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cern"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Concerned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Concerning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>concerner</ets>, LL. <ets>concernere</ets> to regard, concern, fr. L. <ets>concernere</ets> to mix or mingle together, as in a sieve for separating; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>cernere</ets> to separate, sift, distinguish by the senses, and especially by the eyes, to perceive, see. See <er>Certain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To relate or belong to; to have reference to or connection with; to affect the interest of; to be of importance to.</def>

<blockquote>Preaching the kingdom of God, and teaching those things which <b>concern</b> the Lord Jesus Christ.
<i>Acts xxviii. 31.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our wars with France have affected us in our most tender interests, and <b>concerned</b> us more than those with any other nation.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It much <b>concerns</b> a preacher first to learn
The genius of his audience and their turn.
<i>Dodsley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ignorant, so far as the usual instruction is <b>concerned</b>.
<i>J. F. Cooper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To engage by feeling or sentiment; to interest; <as>as, a good prince <ex>concerns</ex> himself in the happiness of his subjects</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They think themselves out the reach of Providence, and no longer <b>concerned</b> to solicit his favor.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concern</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cern"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be of importance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Which to deny <b>concerns</b> more than avails.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concern</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cern"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which relates or belongs to one; business; affair.</def>

<blockquote>The private <b>concerns</b> of fanilies.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which affects the welfare or happiness; interest; moment.</def>

<blockquote>Mysterious secrets of a high <b>concern</b>.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Interest in, or care for, any person or thing; regard; solicitude; anxiety.</def>

<blockquote>O Marcia, let me hope thy kind <b>concerns</b>
And gentle wishes follow me to beattle.
<i>{\*\bkmkstart last}\error \*\bkmkend last}Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Persons connected in business; a firm and its business; <as>as, a banking <ex>concern</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>The whole concern</col>, <cd>all connected with a particular affair or business.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Care; anxiety; solicitude; interest; regard; business; affair; matter; moment. See <er>Care</er>.</syn>

<h1>Concerned</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cerned"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Concern</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 2.]</ety> <def>Disturbed; troubled; solicitous; <as>as, to be much <ex>concerned</ex> for the safety of a friend</as>.</def>

<h1>Concernedly</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cern"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a concerned manner; solicitously; sympathetically.</def>

<h1>Concerning</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cern"ing</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Pertaining to; regarding; having relation to; respecting; as regards.</def>

<blockquote>I have accepted thee <b>concerning</b> this thing.
<i>Gen. xix. 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Lord hath spoken good <b>concerning</b> Israel.
<i>Num. x. 29.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concerning</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cern"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Important.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>So great and so <b>concerning</b> truth.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concerning</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cern"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That in which one is concerned or interested; concern; affair; interest.</def> "Our everlasting <i>concernments</i>."

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<blockquote>To mix with thy <b>concernments</b> I desist.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Importance; moment; consequence.</def>

<blockquote>Let every action of <b>concernment</b> to begun with prayer.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Concern; participation; interposition.</def>

<blockquote>He married a daughter to the earl without any other approbation of her father or <b>concernment</b> in it, than suffering him and her come into his presence.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Emotion of mind; solicitude; anxiety.</def>

<blockquote>While they are so eager to destory the fame of others, their ambition is manifest in their <b>concernment</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concert</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Concerted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Concerting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>concerter</ets>, It. <ets>concertare</ets>, <ets>conertare</ets>, prob. from L. <ets>consertus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>conserere</ets> to join together; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>serere</ets> to join together, influenced by <ets>concertare</ets> to contend; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>centare</ets> to strive; properly, to try to decide; fr. <ets>cernere</ets> to distinguish. See <er>Series</er>, and cf. <er>Concern</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To plan together; to settle or adjust by conference, agreement, or consultation.</def>

<blockquote>It was <b>concerted</b> to begin the siege in March.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To plan; to devise; to arrange.</def>

<blockquote>A commander had more trouble to <b>concert</b> his defense before the people than to plan . . . the compaign.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concert</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cert"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act in harmony or conjunction; to form combined plans.</def>

<blockquote>The ministers of Denmark were appointed to <b>concert</b> with Talbot.
<i>Bp. Burnet</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concert</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con"cert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>concert</ets>, It. <ets>concerto</ets>, <ets>conserto</ets>, fr. <ets>concertare</ets>. See <er>Concert</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Agreement in a design or plan; union formed by mutual communication of opions and viewa; accordance in a scheme; harmony; simultaneous action.</def>

<blockquote>All these discontens, how ruinous soever, have arisen from the want of a due communication and <b>concert</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Musical accordance or harmony; concord.</def>

<blockquote>Let us in <b>concert</b> to the season sing.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A musical entertainment in which several voices or instruments take part.</def>

<blockquote>Visit by night your lady's chamber window
With some sweet <b>concert</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And boding screech owls make the <b>concert</b> full.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Concert pitch</col>. <cd>See under <er>Pitch</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Concertante</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con`cer*tan"te</hw> <tt>(?; It. ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., orig p. pr. of <ets>concertare</ets> to form or perform a concert. See <er>Concert</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A concert for two or more principal instruments, with orchestral accompaniment. Also adjectively; <as>as, <ex>concertante</ex> parts</as>.</def>

<h1>Concertation</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con`cer*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concertatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Strife; contention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Concertative</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cer"ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concertativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Contentious; quarrelsome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Concerted</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cert"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mutually contrived or planned; agreed on; <as>as, <ex>concerted</ex> schemes, signals</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Concerted piece</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a composition in parts for several voices or instrument, as a trio, a quartet, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Concertina</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con`cer*ti"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From It. <ets>concerto</ets> a concert.]</ety> <def>A small musical imstrument on the principle of the accordion. It is a small elastic box, or bellows, having free reeds on the inside, and keys and handles on the outside of each of the two hexagonal heads.</def>

<h1>Concertino</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con`cer*ti"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Concertina</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A piece for one or more solo instruments with orchestra; -- more concise than the <i>concerto</i>.</def>

<h1>Concertion</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cer"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of concerting; adjustment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Concertmeister</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cert`meis"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The head violinist or leader of the strings in an orchestra; the sub-leader of the orchestra; concert master.</def>

<h1>Concerto</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cer"to</hw> <tt>(?; It. ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Concertos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[It. See <er>Concert</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A composition (usually in symphonic form with three movements) in which one instrument (or two or three) stands out in bold relief against the orchestra, or accompaniment, so as to display its qualities or the performer's skill.</def>

<h1>Concession</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*ces"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concessio</ets>, fr. <ets>concedere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>concession</ets>. See Concede.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of conceding or yielding; usually implying a demand, claim, or request, and thus distinguished from <i>giving</i>, which is voluntary or spontaneous.</def>

<blockquote>By mutual <b>concession</b> the business was adjusted.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thing yielded; an acknowledgment or admission; a boon; a grant; esp. a grant by government of a privilege or right to do something; <as>as, a <ex>concession</ex> to build a canal</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This is therefore a <b>concession</b> , that he doth . . . believe the Scriptures to be sufficiently plain.
<i>Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When a lover becomes satisfied by small compliances without further pursuits, then expect to find popular assemblies content with small <b>concessions</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concessionist</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*ces"sion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who favors concession.</def>

<h1>Concessive</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*ces"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concessivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Implying concession; <as>as, a <ex>concessive</ex> conjunction</as>.</def>

<i>Lowth.</i>

<h1>Concessively</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*ces"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of concession.</def>

<h1>Concessory</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*ces"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Conceding; permissive.</def>

<h1>Concettism</h1>
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<hw>Con*cet"tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The use of <i>concetti</i> or affected conceits.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Concetto</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cet"to</hw> <tt>(?; It. ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Concetti</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[It., fr. L. <ets>conceptus</ets>. See <er>Conceit</er>.]</ety> <def>Affected wit; a conceit.</def>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Conch</h1>
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<hw>Conch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concha</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Coach</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name applied to various marine univalve shells; esp. to those of the genus <spn>Strombus</spn>, which are of large size. <spn>S. gigas</spn> is the large pink West Indian conch. The large king, queen, and cameo conchs are of the genus <spn>Cassis</spn>. See <er>Cameo</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>conch</i> is sometimes used as a horn or trumpet, as in fogs at sea, or to call laborers from work.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In works of art, the shell used by Tritons as a trumpet.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of the white natives of the Bahama Islands or one of their descendants in the Florida Keys; -- so called from the commonness of the conch there, or because they use it for food.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Concha</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The external ear. See <er>Concha</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Concha</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con"cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. (in sense 1), fr. <?/ <ets>concha</ets>. See <er>Conch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The plain semidome of an apse; sometimes used for the entire apse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The external ear; esp. the largest and deepest concavity of the external ear, surrounding the entrance to the auditory canal.</def>

<h1>Conchal</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con"chal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the concha, or external ear; <as>as, the <ex>conchal</ex> cartilage</as>.</def>

<h1>Conchifer</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con"chi*fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>conchof\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Conchifera.</def>

<h1>Conchifera</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*chif"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>, <plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>concha</ets> + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That class of Mollusca which includes the bivalve shells; the Lamellibranchiata. See <er>Mollusca</er>.</def>

<h1>Conchiferous</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*chif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Producing or having shells.</def>

<h1>Conchiform</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con"chi*form</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Conch</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like one half of a bivalve shell; shell-shaped.</def>

<h1>Conchinine</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con"chi*nine</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formed by transposition fr. <ets>cinchonine</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Quinidine</er>.</def>

<h1>Conchite</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con"chite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>conchite</ets>. See <er>Conch</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil or petrified conch or shell.</def>

<h1>Conchitic</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*chit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Composed of shells; containing many shells.</def>

<h1>Conchoid</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con"choid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ shell + <?/ form: cf. F. <ets>concho\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve, of the fourth degree, first made use of by the Greek geometer, Nicomedes, who invented it for the purpose of trisecting an angle and duplicating the cube.</def>

<h1>Conchoidal</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*choid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>concho\'8bdal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Having elevations or depressions in form like one half of a bivalve shell; -- applied principally to a surface produced by fracture.</def>

<h1>Conchological</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con`cho*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or connected with, conchology.</def>

<h1>Conchologist</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*chol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One who studies, or is versed in, conchology.</def>

<h1>Conchology</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*chol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Conch</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The science of Mollusca, and of the shells which they form; malacology.</def>

<h1>Conchometer</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*chom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Conch</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring shells, or the angle of their spire.</def>

<h1>Conchometry</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*chom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The art of measuring shells or their curves; conchyliometry.</def>

<h1>Concho-spiral</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con`cho-spi"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of spiral curve found in certain univalve shells.</def>

<i>Agassiz.</i>

<h1>Conchylaceous, Conchyliaceous</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw><hw>Con`chy*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Con*chyl`i*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conchylium</ets> shell, Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/, equiv. to <?/. See <er>Conch</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to shells; resembling a shell; <as>as, <ex>conchyliaceous</ex> impressions</as>.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<h1>Conchyliologist, n., Conchyliology</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw><hw>Con*chyl`i*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Con*chyl`i*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Conchologist</er>, and <er>Conchology</er>.</def>

<h1>Conchyliometry</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*chyl`i*om"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Conchometry</er>.</def>

<h1>Conchylious</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*chyl"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Conchylaceous.</def>

<h1>Conciator</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con"ci*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>conciatore</ets>, fr. <ets>conciare</ets> to adjust, dress, fr. L. <ets>comtus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Compt</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Glass Works)</fld> <def>The person who weighs and proportions the materials to be made into glass, and who works and tempers them.</def>

<h1>Concierge</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con`cierge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>One who keeps the entrance to an edifice, public or private; a doorkeeper; a janitor, male or female.</def>

<h1>Conciliable</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cil"i*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conciliabulum</ets>, fr. <ets>concitium</ets> assembly: cf. F. <ets>conciliabule</ets>. See <er>Council</er>.]</ety> <def>A small or private assembly, especially of an ecclesiastical nature.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Conciliable</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cil"i*a*ble</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>conciliable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being conciliated or reconciled.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Conciliabule</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cil"i*a*bule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Conciliable</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>An obscure ecclesiastical council; a conciliable.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Conciliar, Conciliary</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw><hw>Con*cil"i*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Con*cil"i*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>conciliare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to, or issued by, a council.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Conciliate</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cil"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Conciliated</er>; <tt>p. pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Conciliating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>conciliatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>conciliare</ets> to draw or bring together, unite, from <ets>concilium</ets> council. See <er>Council</er>.]</ety> <def>To win ower; to gain from a state of hostility; to gain the good will or favor of; to make friendly; to mollify; to propitiate; to appease.</def>

<blockquote>The rapacity of his father's administration had excited such universal discontent, that it was found expedient to <b>conciliate</b> the nation.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To reconcile; propitiate; appease; pacify.</syn>

<h1>Conciliation</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cil`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conciliatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of conciliating; the state of being conciliated.</def>

<blockquote>The house has gone further; it has declared <b>conciliation</b> admissible previous to any submission on the part of America.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conciliative</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cil"i*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Conciliatory.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Conciliator</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cil"i*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who conciliates.</def>

<h1>Conciliatory</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cil"i*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to conciliate; pacific; mollifying; propitiating.</def>

<blockquote>The only alternative, therefore, was to have recourse to the <b>conciliatory</b> policy.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concinnate</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cin"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concinnatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>concinnare</ets> to concinnate. See <er>Concinnity</er>.]</ety> <def>To place fitly together; to adapt; to clear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Concinnity</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cin"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concinnitas</ets>, fr. <ets>concinnus</ets> skillfully put together, beautiful. Of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>Internal harmony or fitness; mutual adaptation of parts; elegance; -- used chiefly of style of discourse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>An exact <b>concinnity</b> and eveness of fancy.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concinnous</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cin"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concinnus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by concinnity; neat; elegant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The most <b>concinnous</b> and most rotund of proffessors, M. Heyne.
<i>De Quiency.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concionate</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con"cio*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concionatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>concionari</ets> to adress.]</ety> <def>To preach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Lithgow.</i>

<h1>Concionator</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con"cio*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An haranguer of the people; a preacher.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>A common councilman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Concionatory</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con"cio*na`to*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to preaching or public addresses.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Concise</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concisus</ets> cut off, short, p. p. of <ets>concidere</ets> to cut to pieces; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>caedere</ets> to cut; perh. akin to <ets>scindere</ets> to cleave, and to E. <ets>shed</ets>, v.t.; cf. F. <ets>concis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expressing much in a few words; condensed; brief and compacted; -- used of style in writing or speaking.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>concise</b> style, which expresseth not enough, but leaves somewhat to be understood.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where the author is . . . too brief and <b>concise</b>, amplify a little.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Laconic; terse; brief; short; compendious; summary; succinct. See <er>Laconic</er>, and <er>Terse</er>.</syn>

<h1>Concisely</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cise"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a concise manner; briefly.</def>

<h1>Conciseness</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cise"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being concise.</def>

<h1>Concision</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*ci"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concisio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>concision</ets>. See <er>Concise</er>.]</ety> <def>A cutting off; a division; a schism; a faction.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Concitation</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con`ci*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concitatio</ets>. See <er>Concite</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of stirring up, exciting, or agitating.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>concitation</i> of humors."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Concite</h1>
<Xpage=295>

<hw>Con*cite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concitare</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>citare</ets>. See Cite.]</ety> <def>To excite or stir up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<hr>
<page="296">
Page 296<p>

<h1>Conclamation</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con`cla*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conclamatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>An outcry or shout of many together.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Before his funeral <b>conclamation</b>.
<i>May (Lucan).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conclave</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con"clave</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>conclave</ets> a room that may locked up; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>clavis</ets> key. See <er>Clavicle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The set of apartments within which the cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church are continuously secluded while engaged in choosing a pope.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The body of cardinals shut up in the conclave for the election of a pope; hence, the body of cardinals.</def>

<blockquote>It was said a cardinal, by reason of his apparent likelihood to step into St. Peter's chair, that in two <b>conclaves</b> he went in pope and came out again cardinal.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A private meeting; a close or secret assembly.</def>

<blockquote>The verdicts pronounced by this <b>conclave</b> (Johnson's Club) on new books, were speedily known over all London.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To be in conclave</col>, <cd>to be engaged in a secret meeting; -- said of several, or a considerable number of, persons.</cd></cs>

<h1>Conclavist</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con"cla`vist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>conclaviste</ets>, It. <ets>conclavista</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of the two ecclesiastics allowed to attend a cardinal in the conclave.</def>

<h1>Conclude</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*clude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Concluded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Concluding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>concludere</ets>, <ets>conclusum</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>claudere</ets> to shut. See <er>Close</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shut up; to inclose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The very person of Christ [was] <b>concluded</b> within the grave.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To include; to comprehend; to shut up together; to embrace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For God hath <b>concluded</b> all in unbelief.
<i>Rom. xi. 32.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Scripture hath <b>concluded</b> all under sin.
<i>Gal. iii. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To reach as an end of reasoning; to infer, as from premises; to close, as an argument, by inferring; -- sometimes followed by a dependent clause.</def>

<blockquote>No man can <b>conclude</b> God's love or hatred to any person by anything that befalls him.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Therefore we <b>conclude</b> that a man is justified by faith.
<i>Rom. iii. 28.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make a final determination or judgment concerning; to judge; to decide.</def>

<blockquote>But no frail man, however great or high,
Can be <b>concluded</b> blest before he die.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Is it <b>concluded</b> he shall be protector?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To bring to an end; to close; to finish.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>conclude</b> this part with the speech of a counselor of state.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To bring about as a result; to effect; to make; <as>as, to <ex>conclude</ex> a bargain</as>.</def> "If we <i>conclude</i> a peace."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To shut off; to restrain; to limit; to estop; to bar; -- generally in the passive; <as>as, the defendant is <ex>concluded</ex> by his own plea; a judgment <ex>concludes</ex> the introduction of further evidence argument.</as></def>

<blockquote>If therefore they will appeal to revelation for their creation they must be <b>concluded</b> by it.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To infer; decide; determine; settle; close; finish; terminate; end.</syn>

<h1>Conclude</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*clude"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come to a termination; to make an end; to close; to end; to terminate.</def>

<blockquote>A train of lies,
That, made in lust, <b>conclude</b> in perjuries.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And, to <b>conclude</b>,
The victory fell on us.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form a final judgment; to reach a decision.</def>

<blockquote>Can we <b>conclude</b> upon Luther's instability?
<i>Bp. Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Conclude</b> and be agreed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concludency</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*clud"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Deduction from premises; inference; conclusion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Concludent</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*clud"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concludens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Bringing to a close; decisive; conclusive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Arguments highly consequential and <b>concludent</b> to my purpose.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concluder</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*clud"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who concludes.</def>

<h1>Concludingly</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*clud"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Conclusively.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Digby.</i>

<h1>Conclusible</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*clu"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Demonstrable; determinable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Conclusion</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*clu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>conclusio</ets>. See <er>Conclude</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The last part of anything; close; termination; end.</def>

<blockquote>A fluorish of trumpets announced the <b>conclusion</b> of the contest.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Final decision; determination; result.</def>

<blockquote>And the <b>conclusion</b> is, she shall be thine.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any inference or result of reasoning.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The inferred proposition of a syllogism; the necessary consequence of the conditions asserted in two related propositions called premises. See <er>Syllogism</er>.</def>

<blockquote>He granted him both the major and minor, but denied him the <b>conclusion</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Drawing of inferences.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Your wife Octavia, with her modest eyes
And still <b>conclusion</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An experiment, or something from which a conclusion may be drawn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We practice likewise all <b>conclusions</b> of grafting and inoculating.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The end or close of a pleading, <it>e.g.</it>, the formal ending of an indictment, "against the peace," etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An estoppel or bar by which a person is held to a particular position.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<cs><col>Conclusion to the country</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the conclusion of a pleading by which a party "puts himself upon the country," <it>i.e.</it>, appeals to the verdict of a jury.</cd> <i>Mozley & W.</i> -- <col>In conclusion</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Finally.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In short.</cd> -- <col>To try conclusions</col>, <cd>to make a trial or an experiment.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Like the famous ape,
<b>To try conclusions</b>, in the basket creep.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Inference; deduction; result; consequence; end; decision. See <er>Inference</er>.</syn>

<h1>Conclusive</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*clu"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>conclusif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a close or termination; decisive; convincing; putting an end to debate or question; leading to, or involving, a conclusion or decision.</def>

<blockquote>Secret reasons . . . equally <b>conclusive</b> for us as they were for them.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Conclusive evidence</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>that of which, from its nature, the law allows no contradiction or explanation.</cd> -- <col>Conclusive presumption</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an inference which the law makes so peremptorily that it will not allow it to be overthrown by any contrary proof, however strong.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Final; ultimate; unanswerable. See <er>Final</er>.</syn>

<h1>Conclusively</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*clu"sive*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the way of conclusion; decisively; positively.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Conclusiveness</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*clu"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being conclusive; decisiveness.</def>

<h1>Conclusory</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*clu"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Conclusive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Concoct</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*coct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Concocted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Concocting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>concoctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>concoquere</ets> to cook together, to digest, mature; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>coquere</ets> to cook. See <er>Cook</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To digest; to convert into nourishment by the organs of nutrition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Food is <b>concocted</b>, the heart beats, the blood circulates.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To purify or refine chemically.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To prepare from crude materials, as food; to invent or prepare by combining different ingredients; <as>as, to <ex>concoct</ex> a new dish or beverage</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To digest in the mind; to devise; to make up; to contrive; to plan; to plot.</def>

<blockquote>He was a man of a feeble stomach, unable to <b>concoct</b> any great fortune.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To mature or perfect; to ripen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Concocter</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*coct"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who concocts.</def>

<h1>Concoction</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*coc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concoctio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A change in food produced by the organs of nutrition; digestion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of concocting or preparing by combining different ingredients; also, the food or compound thus prepared.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of digesting in the mind; planning or devising; rumination.</def>

<i>Donne.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Abatement of a morbid process, as a fever and return to a normal condition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The act of perfecting or maturing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Concoctive</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*coct"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the power of digesting or ripening; digestive.</def>

<blockquote>Hence the <b>concoctive</b> powers, with various art,
Subdue the cruder aliments to chyle.
<i>J. Armstrong.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concolor</h1>
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<hw>Con"col`or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concolor</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>color</ets> color.]</ety> <def>Of the same color; of uniform color.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Concolor</i> animals."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Concolorous</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con"col`or*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of the same color throughout.</def>

<h1>Concomitance, Concomitancy</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw><hw>Con*com"i*tance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Con*com"i*tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>concomitance</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>concomitantia</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of accompanying; accompaniment.</def>

<blockquote>The secondary action subsisteth not alone, but in <b>concomitancy</b> with the other.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>The doctrine of the existence of the entire body of Christ in the eucharist, under each element, so that the body and blood are both received by comunication in one kind only.</def>

<h1>Concomitant</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*com"i*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L.  <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>comitari</ets> to accompany, <ets>comes</ets> companion. See <er>Count</er> a nobleman.]</ety> <def>Accompanying; conjoined; attending.</def>

<blockquote>It has pleased our wise Creator to annex to several objects, as also to several of our thoughts, a <b>concomitant</b> pleasure.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concomitant</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*com"i*tant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, accompanies, or is collaterally connected with another; a companion; an associate; an accompaniment.</def>

<blockquote>Reproach is a <b>concomitant</b> to greatness.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The other <b>concomitant</b> of ingratitude is hardheartedness.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concomitantly</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*com"i*tant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In company with others; unitedly; concurrently.</def>

<i>Bp. pearson.</i>

<h1>Concord</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con"cord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>concorde</ets>, L. <ets>concordia</ets>, fr. <ets>concors</ets> of the same mind, agreeing; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>cor</ets>, <ets>cordis</ets>, heart. See <er>Heart</er>, and cf. <er>Accord</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A state of agreement; harmony; union.</def>

<blockquote>Love quarrels oft in pleasing <b>concord</b> end.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Agreement by stipulation; compact; covenant; treaty or league.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>concord</b> made between Henry and Roderick.
<i>Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Agreement of words with one another, in gender, number, person, or case.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>An agreement between the parties to a fine of land in reference to the manner in which it should pass, being an acknowledgment that the land in question belonged to the complainant. See <er>Fine</er>.</def>

<i>Burril.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <ety>[Prob. influenced by <ets>chord</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An agreeable combination of tones simultaneously heard; a consonant chord; consonance; harmony.</def>

<h1>Concord</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con"cord</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A variety of American grape, with large dark blue (almost black) grapes in compact clusters.</def>

<h1>Concord</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*cord"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>concorder</ets>, L. <ets>concordare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To agree; to act together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<h1>Concordable</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*cord"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concordabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of according; agreeing; harmonious.</def>

<h1>Concordance</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*cord"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>concordantia</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Agreement; accordance.</def>

<blockquote>Contrasts, and yet <b>concordances</b>.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Concord; agreement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Aschlam.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An alphabetical verbal index showing the places in the text of a book where each principal word may be found, with its immediate context in each place.</def>

<blockquote>His knowledge of the Bible was such, that he might have been called a living <b>concordance</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A topical index or orderly analysis of the contents of a book.</def>

<h1>Concordancy</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*cord"an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Agreement.</def>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Concordant</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*cord"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concordans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>concordare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>concordant</ets>. See <er>Concord</er>.]</ety> <def>Agreeing; correspondent; harmonious; consonant.</def>

<blockquote>Were every one employed in points <b>concordant</b> to their natures, professions, and arts, commonwealths would rise up of themselves.
<i>Sir T. Browne</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concordantly</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*cord"ant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a concordant manner.</def>

<h1>Concordat</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*cor"dat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>concordat</ets>, L. <ets>concordato</ets>, prop. p. p. of <ets>concordare</ets>. See <er>Concord</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A compact, covenant, or agreement concerning anything.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An agreement made between the pope and a sovereign or government for the regulation of ecclesiastical matters with which both are concerned; <as>as, the <ex>concordat</ex> between Pope Pius VIL and Bonaparte in 1801</as>.</def>

<i>Hook.</i>

<h1>Concordist</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*cord"ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The compiler of a concordance.</def>

<h1>Concorporate</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*cor"po*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concorporatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>concorporare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To unite in one mass or body; to incorporate.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Concorporate</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*cor"po*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>United in one body; incorporated.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Concorporation</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*cor`po*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concorporatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Union of things in one mass or body.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Concourse</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con"course</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>concours</ets>, L. <ets>concursus</ets>, fr. <ets>concurrere</ets> to run together. See <er>Concur</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A moving, flowing, or running together; confluence.</def>

<blockquote>The good frame of the universe was not the product of chance or fortuitous <b>concourse</b> of particles of matter.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An assembly; a gathering formed by a voluntary or spontaneous moving and meeting in one place.</def>

<blockquote>Amidst the <b>concourse</b> were to be seen the noble ladies of Milan, in gay, fantastic cars, shining in silk brocade.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The place or point of meeting or junction of two bodies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The drop will begin to move toward the <b>concourse</b> of the glasses.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An open space where several roads or paths meet; esp. an open space in a park where several roads meet.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Concurrence; co\'94peration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The divine providence is wont to afford its <b>concourse</b> to such proceeding.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concreate</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con`cre*ate"</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To create at the same time.</def>

<blockquote>If God did <b>concreate</b> grace with Adam.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concremation</h1>
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<hw>Con`cre*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concrematio</ets>, fr. <ets>concremare</ets>. See <er>Cremate</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of burning different things together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Concrement</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con"cre*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concrementum</ets>, fr. <ets>concrescere</ets>. See <er>Concrete</er>.]</ety> <def>A growing together; the collection or mass formed by concretion, or natural union.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>concrement</b> of a pebble or flint.
<i>Sir M. Hale</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concrescence</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*cres"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concrescentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Coalescence of particles; growth; increase by the addition of particles.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Concrescible</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*cres"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Capable of being changed from a liquid to a solid state.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They formed a . . . fixed <b>concrescible</b> oil.
<i>Fourcroy (Trans. ).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concrescive</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*cres"cive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Growing together, or into union; uniting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Eclec. Rev.</i>

<h1>Concrete</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con"crete</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concretus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>concrescere</ets> to grow together; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>crescere</ets> to grow; cf. F. <ets>concret</ets>. See <er>Crescent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>United in growth; hence, formed by coalition of separate particles into one mass; united in a solid form.</def>

<blockquote>The first <b>concrete</b> state, or consistent surface, of the chaos must be of the same figure as the last liquid state.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Standing for an object as it exists in nature, invested with all its qualities, as distingushed from standing for an attribute of an object; -- opposed to <i>abstract</i>.</def> Hence: <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Applied to a specific object; special; particular; -- opposed to <i>general</i>. See <er>Abstract</er>, 3.</def>

<blockquote><b>Concrete</b> is opposed to a abstract. The names of individuals are <b>concrete</b>, those of classes abstract.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Concrete</b> terms, while they express the quality, do also express, or imply, or refer to, some subject to which it belongs.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Concrete number</col>, <cd>a number associated with, or applied to, a particular object, as <i>three<i> men, <i>five<i> days, etc., as distinguished from an <i>abstract<i> number, or one used without reference to a particular object.</cd> -- <col>Concrete quantity</col>, <cd>a physical object or a collection of such objects.</cd> <i>Davies & Peck.</i> -- <col>Concrete science</col>, <cd>a physical science, one having as its subject of knowledge concrete things instead of abstract laws.</cd> -- <col>Concrete sound <i>or</i> movement of the voice</col>, <cd>one which slides continuously up or down, as distinguished from a <i>discrete</i> movement, in which the voice leaps at once from one line of pitch to another.</cd></cs>

<i>Rush.</i>

<h1>Concrete</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con"crete</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A compound or mass formed by concretion, spontaneous union, or coalescence of separate particles of matter in one body.</def>

<blockquote>To divide all <b>concretes</b>, minerals and others, into the same number of distinct substances.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mixture of gravel, pebbles, or broken stone with cement or with tar, etc., used for sidewalks, roadways, foundations, etc., and esp.  for submarine structures.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A term designating both a quality and the subject in which it exists; a concrete term.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>concretes</b> "father" and "son" have, or might have, the abstracts "paternity" and "filiety".
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Sugar Making)</fld> <def>Sugar boiled down from cane juice to a solid mass.</def>

<h1>Concrete</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*crete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Concreted</er>; <tt>p. pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Concreting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To unite or coalesce, as separate particles, into a mass or solid body.</def>

<note>&hand; Applied to some substances, it is equivalent to <i>indurate</i>; as, metallic matter <i>concretes</i> into a hard body; applied to others, it is equivalent to <i>congeal</i>, <i>thicken</i>, <i>inspissate</i>, <i>coagulate</i>, as in the concretion of blood. "The blood of some who died of the plague could not be made to <i>concrete</i>."</note>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Concrete</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*crete"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form into a mass, as by the cohesion or coalescence of separate particles.</def>

<blockquote>There are in our inferior world divers bodies that are <b>concreted</b> out of others.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover with, or form of, concrete, as a pavement.</def>

<h1>Concretely</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*crete"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a concrete manner.</def>

<h1>Concreteness</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*crete"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being concrete.</def>

<h1>Concretion</h1>
<Xpage=296>

<hw>Con*cre"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concretio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The process of concreting; the process of uniting or of becoming united, as particles of matter into a mass; solidification.</def>

<hr>
<page="297">
Page 297<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mass or nodule of solid matter formed by growing together, by congelation, condensation, coagulation, induration, etc.; a clot; a lump; a calculus.</def>

<blockquote>Accidental ossifications or deposits of phosphates of lime in certain organs . . . are called osseous <b>concretions</b>.
<i>Dunglison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A rounded mass or nodule produced by an aggregation of the material around a center; <as>as, the calcareous <ex>concretions</ex> common in beds of clay</as>.</def>

<h1>Concretional</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cre"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Concretionary.</def>

<h1>Concretionary</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cre"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or formed by, concretion or aggregation; producing or containing concretions.</def>

<h1>Concretive</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cre"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Promoting concretion.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Concretively</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cre"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a concrete manner.</def>

<h1>Concreture</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cre"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mass formed by concretion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Concrew</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*crew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Concrete</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Accrue</er>.]</ety> <def>To grow together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Concrimination</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*crim`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A joint accusation.</def>

<h1>Concubinacy</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cu"bi*na*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice of concubinage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Strype.</i>

<h1>Concubinage</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cu"bi*nage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The cohabiting of a man and a woman who are not legally married; the state of being a concubine.</def>

<note>&hand; In some countries, <i>concubinage</i> is marriage of an inferior kind, or performed with less solemnity than a true or formal marriage; or marriage with a woman of inferior condition, to whom the husband does not convey his rank or quality. Under Roman law, it was the living of a man and woman in sexual relations without marriage, but in conformity with local law.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A plea, in which it is alleged that the woman suing for dower was not lawfully married to the man in whose lands she seeks to be endowed, but that she was his concubine.</def>

<h1>Concubinal</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cu"bi*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concubinalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to concubinage.</def>

<h1>Concubinarian</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cu`bi*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Concubinary.</def>

<blockquote>The married and <b>concubinarian</b>, as well as looser clergy.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concubinary</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cu"bi*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>concubinarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to concubinage; living in concubinage.</def>

<h1>Concubinary</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cu"bi*na*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Concubinaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who lives in concubinage.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Concubinate</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cu"bi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concubinatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Concubinage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Concubine</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con"cu*bine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>concubina</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>cubare</ets> to lie down, <ets>concumbere</ets> to lie together, akin to E. <ets>cubit</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A woman who cohabits with a man without being his wife; a paramour.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Concubine</i> has been sometimes, but rarely, used of a male paramour as well as of a female.</note>

<i>Trench.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wife of inferior condition; a lawful wife, but not united to the man by the usual ceremonies, and of inferior condition. Such were Hagar and Keturah, the concubines of Abraham; and such concubines were allowed by the Roman laws. Their children were not heirs of their father.</def>

<h1>Conculcate</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cul"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Concultated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Conculcating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>conculcatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>conculcare</ets> to conculcate fr. <ets>calx</ets> heel.]</ety> <def>To tread or trample under foot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Montagu</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Con`cul*ca"tion</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Concupiscence</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cu"pis*cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>concupiscentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sexual lust; morbid carnal passion.</def>

<blockquote><b>Concupiscence</b> like a pestilence walketh in darkness.
<i>Horne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concupiscent</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cu"pis*cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concupiscens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>concupiscere</ets>, v. incho. of <ets>concupere</ets> to long for; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>cupere</ets>. See <er>Covet</er>.]</ety> <def>Having sexual lust; libidinous; lustful; lecherous; salacious.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Concupiscential</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cu`pis*cen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to concupiscence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Concupiscentious</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cu`pis*cen"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Concupiscent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Concupiscible</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cu`pis*ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>concupiscible</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exciting to, or liable to be affected by, concupiscence; provoking lustful desires.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exciting desire, good or evil.</def>

<blockquote>The schools reduce all the passions to these two heads, the <b>concupiscible</b> and irascible appetite.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Concupiscibleness</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cu"pis*ci*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being concupiscible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Concupy</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con"cu*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Concupiscence. <note>[Used only in "Troilus and Cressida"]</note></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Concur</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Concurred</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Concurring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>concurrere</ets> to run together, agree; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>currere</ets> to run. See <er>Current</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To run together; to meet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Anon they fierce encountering both <b>concurred</b>
With grisly looks and faces like their fates.
<i>J. Hughes.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To meet in the same point; to combine or conjoin; to contribute or help toward a common object or effect.</def>

<blockquote>When outward causes <b>concur</b>.
<i>Jer. Colier.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To unite or agree (in action or opinion); to join; to act jointly; to agree; to coincide; to correspond.</def>

<blockquote>Mr. Burke <b>concurred</b> with Lord Chatham in opinion.
<i>Fox.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Tories and Whigs had <b>concurred</b> in paying honor to Walker.
<i>Makaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This <b>concurs</b> directly with the letter.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To assent; to consent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To agree; unite; combine; conspire; coincide; approve; acquiesce; assent.</syn>

<h1>Concurrence</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cur"rence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., competition, equality of rights, fr. LL. <ets>concurrentia</ets> competition.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of concurring; a meeting or coming together; union; conjunction; combination.</def>

<blockquote>We have no other measure but our own ideas, with the <b>concurence</b> of other probable reasons, to persuade us.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A meeting of minds; agreement in opinion; union in design or act; -- implying joint approbation.</def>

<blockquote>Tarquin the Proud was expelled by the universal <b>concurrence</b> of nobles and people.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Agreement or consent, implying aid or contribution of power or influence; co\'94peration.</def>

<blockquote>We collect the greatness of the work, and the necessity of the divine <b>concurrence</b> to it.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An instinct that works us to its own purposes without our <b>concurrence</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A common right; coincidence of equal powers; as, a <b>concurrence</b> of jurisdiction in two different courts.</def>

<h1>Concurrency</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cur"ren*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Concurrence.</def>

<h1>Concurrent</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cur"rent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>concurrent</ets>, L. <ets>concurrens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>concurrere</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Acting in conjunction; agreeing in the same act or opinion; contibuting to the same event of effect; co\'94perating.</def>

<blockquote>I join with these laws the personal presence of the kings' son, as a <b>concurrent</b> cause of this reformation.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>concurrent</b> testimony of antiquity.
<i>Bp. Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conjoined; associate; concomitant; existing or happening at the same time.</def>

<blockquote>There is no difference the <b>concurrent</b> echo and the iterant but the quickness or slowness of the return.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Changes . . . <b>concurrent</b> with the visual changes in the eye.
<i>Tyndall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Joint and equal in authority; taking cognizance of similar questions; operating on the same objects; <as>as, the <ex>concurrent</ex> jurisdiction of courts</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Meeting in one point.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Meeting; uniting; accompanying; conjoined; associated; coincident; united.</syn>

<h1>Concurrent</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cur"rent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, concurs; a joint or contributory cause.</def>

<blockquote>To all affairs of importance there are three necessary <b>concurrents</b> . . . time, industry, and faculties.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One pursuing the same course, or seeking the same objects; hence, a rival; an opponent.</def>

<blockquote>Menander . . . had no <b>concurrent</b> in his time that came near unto him.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chron.)</fld> <def>One of the supernumerary days of the year over fifty-two complete weeks; -- so called because they <i>concur</i> with the solar cycle, the course of which they follow.</def>

<h1>Concurrently</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cur"rent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With concurrence; unitedly.</def>

<h1>Concurrentness</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cur"rent*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being concurrent; concurrence.</def>

<h1>Concurring</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cur"ring</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Agreeing.</def>

<cs><col>Concurring figure</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>one which, being laid on another, exactly meets every part of it, or one which correspondends with another in all its parts.</cd></cs>

<h1>Concuss</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cuss"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concussus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>concutere</ets>. See <er>Concussion</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shake or agitate.</def> "<i>Concussed</i> with uncertainty."

<i>Daniel.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To force (a person) to do something, or give up something, by intimidation; to coerce.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Concussation</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con`cus*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A violent shock or agitation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Concussion</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cus"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>concussio</ets>, fr. <ets>concutere</ets>, <ets>concussum</ets>, to shake violenty; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>quatere</ets> to shake. See <er>Cashier</er>, <er>Quash</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shaking or agitation; a shock; caused by the collision of two bodies.</def>

<blockquote>It is believed that great ringing of bells, in populous cities, hath dissipated pestilent air; which may be from the <b>concussion</b> of the air.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition of lowered functional activity, without visible structural change, produced in an organ by a shock, as by fall or blow; <as>as, a <ex>concussion</ex> of the brain</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>The unlawful forcing of another by threats of violence to yield up something of value.</def>

<blockquote>Then <b>concussion</b>, rapine, pilleries,
Their catalogue of accusations fill.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Concussion fuse</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>one that is ignited by the concussion of the shell when it strikes.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Shock</er>.</syn>

<h1>Concussive</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*cus"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the power or quality of shaking or agitating.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Cond</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Cond</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>conduen</ets>, <ets>condien</ets>, F. <ets>conduire</ets> to conduct, fr. L. <ets>conducere</ets>. See <er>Conduct</er>, and cf. <er>Con</er> (<ets>Naut</ets>.), <er>Conn</er>. <er>Cun</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To con, as a ship.</def>

<h1>Condemn</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*demn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Condemned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Condemning</er> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>]. <ety>[L. <ets>condemnare</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>damnare</ets> to condemn: cf. F. <ets>condamner</ets>. See <er>Damn</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pronounce to be wrong; to disapprove of; to censure.</def>

<blockquote><b>Condemn</b> the fault, and not the actor of it!
Why, every fault's <b>condemned</b> ere it be done.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wilt thou <b>condemn</b> him that is most just?
<i>Job xxxiv. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To declare the guilt of; to make manifest the faults or unworthiness of; to convict of guilt.</def>

<blockquote>The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with this generation, and shall <b>condemn</b> it.
<i>Matt. xii. 42.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pronounce a judicial sentence against; to sentence to punishment, suffering, or loss; to doom; -- with <i>to</i> before the penalty.</def>

<blockquote>Driven out from bliss, <b>condemned</b>
In this abhorred deep to utter woe.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To each his sufferings; all are men,
<b>Condemned</b> alike to groan.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And they shall <b>condemn</b> him to death.
<i>Matt. xx. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The thief <b>condemned</b>, in law already dead.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No flocks that range the valley free,
To slaughter I <b>condemn</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To amerce or fine; -- with <i>in</i> before the penalty.</def>

<blockquote>The king of Egypt . . . <b>condemned</b> the land in a hundred talents of silver.
<i>2 Cron. xxxvi. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To adjudge or pronounce to be unfit for use or service; to adjudge or pronounce to be forfeited; <as>as, the ship and her cargo were <ex>condemned</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To doom to be taken for public use, under the right of eminent domain.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To blame; censure; reprove; reproach; upbraid; reprobate; convict; doom; sentence; adjudge.</syn>

<h1>Condemnable</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con"dem*na"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, a. <ety>[L. <ets>condemnabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Worthy of condemnation; blamable; culpable.</def>

<h1>Condemnation</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con"dem*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>condemnatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of condemning or pronouncing to be wrong; censure; blame; disapprobation.</def>

<blockquote>In every other sense of <b>condemnation</b>, as blame, censure, reproof, private judgment, and the like.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of judicially condemning, or adjudging guilty, unfit for use, or forfeited; the act of dooming to punishment or forfeiture.</def>

<blockquote>A legal and judicial <b>condemnation</b>.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whose <b>condemnation</b> is pronounced.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of being condemned.</def>

<blockquote>His pathetic appeal to posterity in the hopeless hour of <b>condemnation</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The ground or reason of condemning.</def>

<blockquote>This is the <b>condemnation</b>, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather light, because their deeds were evil.
<i>John iii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Condemnatory</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*dem"na*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Condemning; containing or imposing condemnation or censure; <as>as, a <ex>condemnatory</ex> sentence or decree</as>.</def>

<h1>Condemned</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*demned"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pronounced to be wrong, guilty, worthless, or forfeited; adjudged or sentenced to punishment, destruction, or confiscation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Used for condemned persons.</def>

<blockquote>Richard Savage . . . had lain with fifty pounds weight of irons on his legs in the <b>condemned</b> ward of Newgate.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Condemner</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*dem"ner</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who condemns or censures.</def>

<h1>Condensability</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*den`sa*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capability of being condensed.</def>

<h1>Condensable</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*den"sa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>condensable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being condensed; <as>as, vapor is <ex>condensable</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Condensate</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*den"sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>condensatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>condensare</ets>. See <er>Condense</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Made dense; condensed.</def>

<blockquote>Water . . . thickened or <b>condensate</b>.
<i>Peacham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Condensate</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*den"sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Condensated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Condensating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To condense.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Condensation</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con`den*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>condensatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>condensation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of condensing or of being condensed; the state of being condensed.</def>

<blockquote>He [Goldsmith] was a great and perhaps an unequaled master of the arts of selection and <b>condensation</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The act or process of reducing, by depression of temperature or increase of pressure, etc., to another and denser form, as gas to the condition of a liquid or steam to water.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rearrangement or concentration of the different constituents of one or more substances into a distinct and definite compound of greater complexity and molecular weight, often resulting in an increase of density, as the <i>condensation</i> of oxygen into ozone, or of acetone into mesitylene.</def>

<cs><col>Condensation product</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a substance obtained by the polymerization of one substance, or by the union of two or more, with or without separation of some unimportant side products.</cd> -- <col>Surface condensation</col>, <cd>the system of condensing steam by contact with cold metallic surfaces, in distinction from condensation by the injection of cold water.</cd></cs>

<h1>Condensative</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*den"sa*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>condensatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the property of condensing.</def>

<h1>Condense</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*dense"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Condensed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Condensing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>condensare</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>densare</ets> to make thick or dense, <ets>densus</ets> thick, dense: cf. F. <ets>condenser</ets>. See <er>Dense</er>, and cf. <er>Condensate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make more close, compact, or dense; to compress or concentrate into a smaller compass; to consolidate; to abridge; to epitomize.</def>

<blockquote>In what shape they choose,
Dilated or <b>condensed</b>, bright or obscure.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The secret course pursued at Brussels and at Madrid may be <b>condensed</b> into the usual formula, dissimulation, procrastination, and again dissimulation.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem. & Physics)</fld> <def>To reduce into another and denser form, as by cold or pressure; <as>as, to <ex>condense</ex> gas into a liquid form, or steam into water</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Condensed milk</col>, <cd>milk reduced to the consistence of very thick cream by evaporation (usually with addition of sugar) for preservation and transportation.</cd> -- <col>Condensing engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine in which the steam is condensed after having exerted its force on the piston.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To compress; contract; crowd; thicken; concentrate; abridge; epitomize; reduce.</syn>

<h1>Condense</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*dense"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become more compact; to be reduced into a denser form.</def>

<blockquote>Nitrous acid is gaseous at ordinary temperatures, but <b>condenses</b> into a very volatile liquid at the zero of Fahrenheit.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To combine or unite (as two chemical substances) with or without separation of some unimportant side products.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To undergo polymerization.</def>

<h1>Condense</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*dense"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>condensus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Condensed; compact; dense.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The huge <b>condense</b> bodies of planets.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Condenser</h1>
<Xpage=297>

<hw>Con*dens"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, condenses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physic)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> An instrument for condensing air or other elastic fluids, consisting of a cylinder having a movable piston to force the air into a receiver, and a valve to prevent its escape. <sd>(b)</sd> An instrument for concentrating electricity by the effect of induction between conducting plates separated by a nonconducting plate. <sd>(c)</sd> A lens or mirror, usually of short focal distance, used to concentrate light upon an object.</def>

<hr>
<page="298">
Page 298<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for receiving and condensing the volatile products of distillation to a liquid or solid form, by cooling.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>An apparatus, separate from the cylinder, in which the exhaust steam is condensed by the action of cold water or air. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Steam engine</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Achromatic condenser</col> <fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>an achromatic lens used as a condenser.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Bull's-eye condenser</col>, &or; <col>Bull's-eye</col></mcol> <fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>a lens of short focal distance used for concentrating rays of light.</cd> -- <col>Injection condenser</col>, <cd>a vessel in which steam is condensed by the direct contact of water.</cd> -- <col>Surface condenser</col>, <cd>an apparatus for condensing steam, especially the exhaust of a steam engine, by bringing it into contact with metallic surface cooled by water or air.</cd></cs>

<h1>Condensible</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*den"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being condensed; <as>as, a gas <ex>condensible</ex> to a liquid by cold</as>.</def>

<h1>Conder</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Cond"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cond</er>.]</ety> <def>One who watches shoals of fish; a balker. See <er>Balker</er>.</def>

<h1>Condescend</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con`de*scend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Condescended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Condescending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>condescendre</ets>, LL. <ets>condescendere</ets>, fr. L. <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>descendere</ets>. See <er>Descend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stoop or descend; to let one's self down; to submit; to waive the privilege of rank or dignity; to accommodate one's self to an inferior.</def> "<i>Condescend</i> to men of low estate."

<i>Rom. xii. 16.</i>

<blockquote>Can they think me so broken, so debased
With corporal servitude, that my mind ever
Will <b>condescend</b> to such absurd commands?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Spain's mighty monarch,
In gracious clemency, does <b>condescend</b>,
On these conditions, to become your friend.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>Often used ironically, implying an assumption of superiority.</note>

<blockquote>Those who thought they were honoring me by <b>condescending</b> to address a few words to me.
<i>F. W. Robinson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To consent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All parties willingly <b>condescended</b> heruento.
<i>R. Carew.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To yield; stoop; descend; deign; vouchsafe.</syn>

<h1>Condescendence, Condescendency</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw><hw>Con`de*scend"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Con`de*scend"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>condescendance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Condescension.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Condescendingly</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con`de*scend"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a condescending manner.</def>

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<h1>Condescension</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con`de*scen"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>condescensio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of condescending; voluntary descent from one's rank or dignity in intercourse with an inferior; courtesy toward inferiors.</def>

<blockquote>It forbids pride . . . and commands humility, modesty, and <b>condescension</b> to others.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Such a dignity and <b>condescension</b> . . . as are suitable to a superior nature.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Complaisance; courtesy; affability.</syn>

<h1>Condescent</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con`de*scent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Condescend</er>, <er>Descent</er>.]</ety> <def>An act of condescension.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Condign</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*dign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>condigne</ets>, L. <ets>condignus</ets> very worthy; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>dignus</ets> worthy. See <er>Deign</er>, and cf. <er>Digne</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Worthy; suitable; deserving; fit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Condign</b> and worthy praise.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Herself of all that rule she deemend most <b>condign</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deserved; adequate; suitable to the fault or crime.</def> "<i>Condign</i> censure."

<i>Milman.</i>

<blockquote>Unless it were a bloody murderer . . .
I never gave them <b>condign</b> punishment.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Condignity</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*dig"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>condignit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Scholastic Theol.)</fld> <def>Merit, acguired by works, which can claim reward on the score of general benevolence.</def>

<blockquote>Such a worthiness of <b>condignity</b>, and proper merit of the heavenly glory, cannot be found in any the best, most perfect, and excellent of created beings.
<i>Bp. Bull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Condignly</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*dign"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to merit.</def>

<h1>Condignness</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*dign"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Agreeableness to deserts; suitableness.</def>

<h1>Condiment</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con"di*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>condimentum</ets>, fr. <ets>condire</ets>. See <er>Condite</er>.]</ety> <def>Something used to give relish to food, and to gratify the taste; a pungment and appetizing substance, as pepper or mustard; seasoning.</def>

<blockquote>As for radish and the like, they are for <b>condiments</b>, and not for nourishment.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Condisciple</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con`dis*ci"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>condiscipulus</ets>. See <er>Disciple</er>.]</ety> <def>A schoolfellow; a fellow-student.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Condite</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con"dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conditus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>condire</ets> to preserve, pickle, season. See <er>Recondite</er>.]</ety> <def>Preserved; pickled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Condite</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*dite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pickle; to preserve; <as>as, to <ex>condite</ex> pears, quinces, etc.</as></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Condition</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*di"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>conditio</ets> (better <ets>condicio</ets>) agreement, compact, condition; <ets>con-</ets> + a root signifying to <ets>show</ets>, <ets>point out</ets>, akin to <ets>dicere</ets> to say, <ets>dicare</ets> to proclaim, dedicate. See <er>Teach</er>, <er>Token</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mode or state of being; state or situation with regard to external circumstances or influences, or to physical or mental integrity, health, strength, etc.; predicament; rank; position, estate.</def>

<blockquote>I am in my <b>condition</b>
A prince, Miranda; I do think, a king.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And O, what man's <b>condition</b> can be worse
Than his whom plenty starves and blessings curse?
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The new <b>conditions</b> of life.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Essential quality; property; attribute.</def>

<blockquote>It seemed to us a <b>condition</b> and property of divine powers and beings to be hidden and unseen to others.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Temperament; disposition; character.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>condition</b> of a saint and the complexion of a devil.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which must exist as the occasion or concomitant of something else; that which is requisite in order that something else should take effect; an essential qualification; stipulation; terms specified.</def>

<blockquote>I had as lief take her dowry with this <b>condition</b>, to be whipped at the high cross every morning.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Many are apt to believe remission of sins, but they believe it without the <b>condition</b> of repentance.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A clause in a contract, or agreement, which has for its object to suspend, to defeat, or in some way to modify, the principal obligation; or, in case of a will, to suspend, revoke, or modify a devise or bequest. It is also the case of a future uncertain event, which may or may not happen, and on the occurrence or non-occurrence of which, the accomplishment, recission, or modification of an obligation or testamentary disposition is made to depend.</def>

<i>Blount. Tomlins. Bouvier. Wharton.</i>

<cs><col>Equation of condition</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Equation</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>On</col> &or; <col>Upon condition (that)</col></mcol>, <cd>used for <i>if<i> in introducing conditional sentences. "<i>Upon condition<i> thou wilt swear to pay him tribute . . . thou shalt be placed as viceroy under him."</cd> <i>Shak.</i> -- <col>Conditions of sale</col>, <cd>the terms on which it is proposed to sell property by auction; also, the instrument containing or expressing these terms.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- State; situation; circumstances; station; case; mode; plight; predicament; stipulation; qualification; requisite; article; provision; arrangement. See <er>State</er>.</syn>

<h1>Condition</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*di"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Conditioned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Conditioning</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make terms; to stipulate.</def>

<blockquote>Pay me back my credit,
And I'll <b>condition</b> with ye.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>To impose upon an object those relations or conditions without which knowledge and thought are alleged to be impossible.</def>

<blockquote>To think of a thing is to <b>condition</b>.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Condition</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*di"tion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>conditionare</ets>. See <er>Condition</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To invest with, or limit by, conditions; to burden or qualify by a condition; to impose or be imposed as the condition of.</def>

<blockquote>Seas, that daily gain upon the shore,
Have ebb and flow <b>conditioning</b> their march.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To contract; to stipulate; to agree.</def>

<blockquote>It was <b>conditioned</b> between Saturn and Titan, that Saturn should put to death all his male children.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(U. S. Colleges)</fld> <def>To put under conditions; to require to pass a new examination or to make up a specified study, as a condition of remaining in one's class or in college; <as>as, to <ex>condition</ex> a student who has failed in some branch of study</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To test or assay, as silk (to ascertain the proportion of moisture it contains).</def>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<-- 5. <def>train; acclimate.</def> -->

<h1>Conditional</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*di"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conditionalis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Containing, implying, or depending on, a condition or conditions; not absolute; made or granted on certain terms; <as>as, a <ex>conditional</ex> promise</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Every covenant of God with man . . . may justly be made (as in fact it is made) with this <b>conditional</b> punishment annexed and declared.
<i>Bp. Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram. & Logic)</fld> <def>Expressing a condition or supposition; <as>as, a <ex>conditional</ex> word, mode, or tense</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>conditional</b> proposition is one which asserts the dependence of one categorical proposition on another.
<i>Whately.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The words hypothetical and <b>conditional</b> may be . . . used synonymously.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conditional</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*di"tion*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A limitation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A conditional word, mode, or proposition.</def>

<blockquote>Disjunctives may be turned into <b>conditionals</b>.
<i>L. H. Atwater.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conditionality</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*di`tion*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being conditional, or limited; limitation by certain terms.</def>

<h1>Conditionally</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*di"tion*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a conditional manner; subject to a condition or conditions; not absolutely or positively.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Conditionate</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*di"tion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety><mark>[LL. <ets>conditionatus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Condition</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Conditional.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Barak's answer is faithful, though <b>conditionate</b>.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conditionate</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*di"tion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To qualify by conditions; to regulate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put under conditions; to render conditional.</def>

<h1>Conditioned</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*di"tioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Surrounded; circumstanced; in a certain state or condition, as of property or health; <as>as, a well <ex>conditioned</ex> man</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The best <b>conditioned</b> and unwearied spirit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having, or known under or by, conditions or relations; not independent; not absolute.</def>

<blockquote>Under these, thought is possible only in the <b>conditioned</b> interval.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conditionly</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*di"tion*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Conditionally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Conditory</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con"di*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Conditories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>conditorium</ets>, fr. <ets>condere</ets> to hide. See <er>Recondite</er>.]</ety> <def>A repository for holding things; a hinding place.</def>

<h1>Condog</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*dog"</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[A punning corruption of con<ets>cur</ets>.]</ety> <def>To concur; to agree.</def> <mark>[Burlesque]</mark>

<note>&hand; This word appears in early dictionaries as a synonym for the word <i>agree</i>; thus. "Agree; concurre, cohere, <i>condog</i>, condescend."</note>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Condolatory</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*do"la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expressing condolence.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Condole</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*dole"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Condoled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Condoling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>condolere</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>dolere</ets> to feel pain, grieve. See <er>Doleful</er>.]</ety> <def>To express sympathetic sorrow; to grieve in sympathy; -- followed by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Your friends would have cause to rejoice, rather than <b>condole</b> with you.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Condole</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*dole"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lament or grieve over.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I come not, Samson, to <b>condole</b> thy chance.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Condolement</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*dole"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Condolence.</def> "A pitiful <i>condolement</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sorrow; mourning; lamentation.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Condolence</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*do"lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>condol\'82ance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expression of sympathy with another in sorrow or grief.</def>

<blockquote>Their congratulations and their <b>condolences</b>.
<i>Steele.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A special mission of <b>condolence</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Condoler</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*dol"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who condoles.</def>

<h1>Condonation</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con`do*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>condonatio</ets> a giving away.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of condoning or pardoning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Forgiveness, either express or implied, by a husband of his wife or by a wife of her husband, for a breach of marital duty, as adultery, with an implied condition that the offense shall not be repeated.</def>

<i>Bouvier. Wharton.</i>

<h1>Condone</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*done"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Condoned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Condoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>condonare</ets>, <ets>-donatum</ets>, to give up, remit, forgive; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>donare</ets> to give. See <er>Donate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pardon; to forgive.</def>

<blockquote>A fraud which he had either concocted or <b>condoned</b>.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It would have been magnanimous in the men then in power to have overlooked all these things, and, <b>condoning</b> the politics, to have rewarded the poetry of Burns.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<-- 1b.  to consider or treat as if harmless or trivial -->

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To pardon; to overlook the offense of; esp., to forgive for a violation of the marriage law; -- said of either the husband or the wife.</def>

<h1>Condor</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con"dor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>condor</ets>, fr. Peruvian <ets>cuntur</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very large bird of the Vulture family (<spn>Sarcorhamphus gryphus</spn>), found in the most elevated parts of the Andes.</def>

<-- also California condor -->

<h1>Condottiere</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con`dot*tie"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Condottieri</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[It., captain.]</ety> <def>A military adventurer of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, who sold his services, and those of his followers, to any party in any contest.</def>

<h1>Conduce</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*duce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Conduced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Conducing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>conducere</ets> to bring together, conduce, hire; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>ducere</ets> to lead. See <er>Duke</er> and cf. Conduct, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Cond</er>.]</ety> <def>To lead or tend, esp. with reference to a favorable or desirable result; to contribute; -- usually followed by <i>to</i> or toward.</def>

<blockquote>He was sensible how much such a union would <b>conduce</b> to the happiness of both.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The reasons you allege do more <b>conduce</b>
To the hot passion of distemper'd blood.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To contribute; aid; assist; tend; subserve.</syn>

<h1>Conduce</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*duce"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To conduct; to lead; to guide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He was sent to <b>conduce</b> hither the princess.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conducent</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*du"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conducens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Conducive; tending.</def>

<blockquote><b>Conducent</b> to the good success of this business.
<i>Abp. Laud.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conducibility</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*du"ci*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being conducible; conducibleness.</def>

<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i>

<h1>Conducible</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*du"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conducibilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Conducive; tending; contributing.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>All his laws are in themselves <b>conducible</b> to the temporal interest of them that observe them.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conducibleness</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*du"ci*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being conducible.</def>

<h1>Conducibly</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*du"ci*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner to promote.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Conducive</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*du"cive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Loading or tending; helpful; contributive; tending to promote.</def>

<blockquote>However <b>conducive</b> to the good or our country.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conduciveness</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*du"cive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of conducing.</def>

<h1>Conduct</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con"duct</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>conductus</ets> defense, escort, fr. L. <ets>conductus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>conducere</ets>. See <er>Conduce</er>, and cf. <er>Conduit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or method of conducting; guidance; management.</def>

<blockquote>Christianity has humanized the <b>conduct</b> of war.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>conduct</b> of the state, the administration of its affairs.
<i>Ld. Brougham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Skillful guidance or management; generalship.</def>

<blockquote><b>Conduct</b> of armies is a prince's art.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Attacked the Spaniards . . . with great impetuosity, but with so little <b>conduct</b>, that his forces were totally routed.
<i>Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Convoy; escort; guard; guide.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>I will be your <b>conduct</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In my <b>conduct</b> shall your ladies come.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which carries or conveys anything; a channel; a conduit; an instrument.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Although thou been <b>conduct</b> of my chame.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The manner of guiding or carrying one's self; personal deportment; mode of action; behavior.</def>

<blockquote>All these difficulties were increased by the <b>conduct</b> of Shrewsbury.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What in the <b>conduct</b> of our life appears
So well designed, so luckily begun,
But when we have our wish, we wish undone?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Plot; action; construction; manner of development.</def>

<blockquote>The book of Job, in <b>conduct</b> and diction.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Conduct money</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a portion of a seaman's wages retained till the end of his engagement, and paid over only if his conduct has been satisfactory.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Behavior; deportment; demeanor; bearing; management; guidance. See <er>Behavior</er>.</syn>

<h1>Conduct</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*duct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Conducted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Conducting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Conduct</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lead, or guide; to escort; to attend.</def>

<blockquote>I can <b>conduct</b> you, lady, to a low
But loyal cottage, where you may be safe.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lead, as a commander; to direct; to manage; to carry on; <as>as, to <ex>conduct</ex> the affairs of a kingdom</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Little skilled in the art of <b>conducting</b> a siege.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To behave; -- with the reflexive; <as>as, he <ex>conducted</ex> himself well</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>To serve as a medium for conveying; to transmit, as heat, light, electricity, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To direct, as the leader in the performance of a musical composition.</def>

<h1>Conduct</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*duct"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To act as a conductor (as of heat, electricity, etc.); to carry.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To conduct one's self; to behave.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Conductibility</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*duct`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>conductibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capability of being conducted; <as>as, the <ex>conductibility</ex> of heat or electricity</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conductivity; capacity for receiving and transmitting.</def>

<h1>Conductible</h1>
<Xpage=298>

<hw>Con*duct"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being conducted.</def>

<hr>
<page="299">
Page 299<p>

<h1>Conduction</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*duc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conductio</ets> a bringing together: cf. F. <ets>conduction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of leading or guiding.</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of training up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Transmission through, or by means of, a conductor; also, conductivity.</def>

<blockquote>[The] communication [of heat] from one body to another when they are in contact, or through a homogenous body from particle to particle, constitutes <b>conduction</b>.
<i>Amer. Cyc.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conductive</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*duct"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the quality or power of conducting; <as>as, the <ex>conductive</ex> tissue of a pistil</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The ovarian walls . . . are seen to be distinctly <b>conductive</b>.
<i>Goodale (Gray's Bot. ).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conductivity</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con`duc*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or power of conducting, or of receiving and transmitting, <as>as, the <ex>conductivity</ex> of a nerve</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Thermal conductivity</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the quantity of heat that passes in unit time through unit area of<-- a--> plate whose thickness is unity, when its opposite faces differ in temperature by one degree.</cd> <i>J. D. Everett.</i> -- <col>Thermometic conductivity</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the thermal conductivity when the unit of heat employed is the heat required to raise <--a -->unit volume of the substance one degree.</cd></cs>

<h1>Conductor</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*duct"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., a carrier, transporter, L., a lessee.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, conducts; a leader; a commander; a guide; a manager; a director.</def>

<blockquote>Zeal, the blind <b>conductor</b> of the will.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One in charge of a public conveyance, as of a railroad train or a street car.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The leader or director of an orchestra or chorus.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A substance or body capable of being a medium for the transmission of certain forces, esp. heat or electricity; specifically, a lightning rod.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A grooved sound or staff used for directing instruments, as lithontriptic forceps, etc.; a director.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Leader</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Prime conductor</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>the largest conductor of an electrical machine, serving to collect, accumulate, or retain the electricity.</cd></cs>

<h1>Conductory</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*duct"o*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>conductorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the property of conducting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Conductress</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*duct"ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who leads or directs; a directress.</def>

<h1>Conduit</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con"duit</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>conductus</ets> escort, conduit. See <er>Conduct</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pipe, canal, channel, or passage for conveying water or fluid.</def>

<blockquote>All the <b>conduits</b> of my blood froze up.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This is the fountain of all those bitter waters, of which, through a hundred different <b>conduits</b>, we have drunk.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A structure forming a reservoir for water.</def>

<i>Oxf. Gloss.</i>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A narrow passage for private communication.</def>

<h1>Conduplicate</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*du"pli*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conduplicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>conduplicare</ets>. See <er>Duplicate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Folded lengthwise along the midrib, the upper face being within; -- said of leaves or petals in vernation or \'91stivation.</def>

<h1>Conduplication</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*du`pli*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conduplicatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A doubling together or folding; a duplication.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Condurango</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con`du*ran"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cundurango</er>.</def>

<h1>Condurrite</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*dur"rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of the mineral domeykite, or copper arsenide, from the Condurra mine in Cornwall, England.</def>

<h1>Condylar</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con"dy*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a condyle.</def>

<cs><col>Condylar foramen</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a formen in front of each condyle of the occipital bone; -- sometimes called the <i>anterior condylar foramen<i> when a second, or posterior, foramen is present behind the condyle, as often happens in man.</cd></cs>

<h1>Condyle</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con"dyle</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>condylus</ets> knuckle, joint, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>condyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bony prominence; particularly, an eminence at the end of a bone bearing a rounded articular surface; -- sometimes applied also to a concave articular surface.</def>

<h1>Condyloid</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con"dy*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Condyle</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>condylo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Shaped like or pertaining to a condyle.</def>

<h1>Condyloma, Condylome</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw><hw>Con`dy*lo"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Con"dy*lome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Condylomata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <i>or</i> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Condylomes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL. <ets>condyloma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, from <?/ knuckle. See <er>-oma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A wartlike new growth on the outer skin or adjoining mucous membrance.</def>

<note>&hand; There are two kinds of condylomata, the pointed and the broad, the latter being of syphilitic origin.</note>

<h1>Condyloped</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*dyl"o*ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ knuckle (or joint) + <ets>-pod</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An arthropod.</def>

<h1>Cone</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Cone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conus</ets> cone (in sense 1), Gr. <?/; akin to Skr. <ets>\'87ana</ets> whetstone, L. <ets>cuneus</ets> wedge, and prob. to E. <ets>hone</ets>. See <er>Hone</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A solid of the form described by the revolution of a right-angled triangle about one of the sides adjacent to the right angle; -- called also a <altname>right cone</altname>. More generally, any solid having a vertical point and bounded by a surface which is described by a straight line always passing through that vertical point; a solid having a circle for its base and tapering to a point or vertex.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything shaped more or less like a mathematical cone; <as>as, a volcanic <ex>cone</ex>, a collection of scori\'91 around the crater of a volcano, usually heaped up in a conical form</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Now had Night measured with her shadowy <b>cone</b>
Half way up hill this vast sublunar vault.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit or strobile of the <spn>Conifer\'91</spn>, as of the pine, fir, cedar, and cypress. It is composed of woody scales, each one of which has one or two seeds at its base.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A shell of the genus <spn>Conus</spn>, having a conical form.</def>

<cs><col>Cone of rays</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the pencil of rays of light which proceed from a radiant point to a given surface, as that of a lens, or conversely.</cd> -- <col>Cone pulley</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Oblique</col> &or; <col>Scalene cone</col></mcol>, <cd>a cone of which the axis is inclined to the plane of its base.</cd> -- <col>Eight cone</col>. <cd>See <er>Cone</er>, 1.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cone</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Cone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render coneshaped; to bevel like the circular segment of a cone; <as>as, to <ex>cone</ex> the tires of car wheels</as>.</def>

<h1>Cone-in-cone</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Cone"-in-cone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Consisting of a series of parallel cones, each made up of many concentric cones closely packed together; -- said of a kind of structure sometimes observed in sedimentary rocks.</def>

<h1>Coneine</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Co*ne"ine</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Conine</er>.</def>

<h1>Conepate, Conepatl</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw><hw>Co"ne*pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Co"ne*patl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Mexican <ets>conepatl</ets> and <ets>epatl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The skunk.</def>

<h1>Cone pulley</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Cone" pul"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A pulley for driving machines, etc., having two or more parts or steps of different diameters; a pulley having a conical shape.</def>

<h1>Coney</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Co"ney</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rabbit. See <er>Cony</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish. See <er>Cony</er>.</def>

<h1>Confab</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con"fab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. from <ets>confabulation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Familiar talk or conversation.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Confabulate</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fab"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Confabulated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Confabulating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>confabulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>confabulary</ets>, to converse together; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>fabulary</ets> to speak, fr. <ets>fabula</ets>. See <er>Fable</er>.]</ety> <def>To talk familiarly together; to chat; to prattle.</def>

<blockquote>I shall not ask Jean Jaques Rousseau
If birds <b>confabulate</b> or no.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confabulation</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fab`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>confabulatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Familiar talk; easy, unrestrained, unceremonious conversation.</def>

<blockquote>Friends' <b>confabulations</b> are comfortable at all times, as fire in winter.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confabulatory</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fab"u*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of familiar talk; in the form of a dialogue.</def>

<i>Weever.</i>

<h1>Confalon</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con"fa*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Confalon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>One of a fraternity of seculars, also called <altname>Penitents</altname>.</def>

<h1>Confarreation</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*far`re*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>confarreatio</ets>, fr. <ets>confarreare</ets> to marry; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>farreum</ets> (sc. <ets>libum</ets> cake) a spelt cake, fr. <ets>farreus</ets> made of spelt, fr. <ets>far</ets> a sort of grain.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A form of marriage among the Romans, in which an offering of bread was made, in presence of the high priest and at least ten witnesses.</def>

<h1>Confated</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fat"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p.a.</tt> <def>Fated or decreed with something else.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>A. Tucker.</i>

<h1>Confect</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Confected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Confecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>confectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>conficere</ets> to prepare. See <er>Comfit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To prepare, as sweetmeats; to make a confection of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Saffron <b>confected</b> in Cilicia.
<i>W. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To construct; to form; to mingle or mix.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Of this were <b>confected</b> the famous everlasting lamps and tapers.
<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[My joys] are still <b>confected</b> with some fears.
<i>Stirling.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confect</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con"fect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A comfit; a confection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>At supper eat a pippin roasted and sweetened with sugar of roses and caraway <b>confects</b>.
<i>Harvey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confection</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>confectio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A composition of different materials.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A new <b>confection</b> of mold.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A preparation of fruits or roots, etc., with sugar; a sweetmeat.</def>

<blockquote>Certain <b>confections</b> . . . are like to candied conserves, and are made of sugar and lemons.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A composition of drugs.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A soft solid made by incorporating a medicinal substance or substances with sugar, sirup, or honey.</def>

<note>&hand; The pharmacop\'d2ias formerly made a distinction between <i>conserves</i> (made of fresh vegetable substances and sugar) and <i>electuaries</i> (medicinal substances combined with sirup or honey), but the distinction is now abandoned and all are called <i>confections</i>.</note>

<h1>Confectionary</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fec"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>confectionaris</ets> a pharmacist.]</ety> <def>A confectioner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He will take your daughters to be <b>confectionaries</b>, and to be cooks.
<i>1 Sam. viii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confectionary</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fec"tion*a*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Prepared as a confection.</def>

<blockquote>The biscuit or <b>confectionary</b> plum.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confectioner</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fec"tion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A compounder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Canidia Neapolitana was <b>confectioner</b> of unguents.
<i>Haywood.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One whose occupation it is to make or sell confections, candies, etc.</def>

<h1>Confectionery</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fec"tion*er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sweetmeats, in general; things prepared and sold by a confectioner; confections; candies.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place where candies, sweetmeats, and similar things are made or sold.</def>

<h1>Confectory</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fec"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the art of making sweetmeats.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beaumont.</i>

<h1>Confecture</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fec"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Confiture</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Confeder</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fed"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>conf<?/d<?/rer</ets>. See <er>Confederate</er>.]</ety> <def>To confederate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. North.</i>

<h1>Confederacy</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fed"er*a*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Confederacies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[From <er>Confederate</er>, a.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A league or compact between two or more persons, bodies of men, or states, for mutual support or common action; alliance.</def>

<blockquote>The friendships of the world are oft
<b>Confederacies</b> in vice or leagues of pleasure.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He hath heard of our <b>confederacy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Virginia promoted a <b>confederacy</b>.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The persons, bodies, states, or nations united by a league; a confederation.</def>

<blockquote>The Grecian common wealth, . . . the most heroic <b>confederacy</b> that ever existed.
<i>Harris.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Virgil has a whole <b>confederacy</b> against him.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A combination of two or more persons to commit an unlawful act, or to do a lawful act by unlawful means. See <er>Conspiracy</er>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- League; compact; alliance; association; union; combination; confederation.</syn>

<h1>Confederate</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fed"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>confoederatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>confoederare</ets> to join by a league; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>foederare</ets> to establish by treaty or league, fr. <ets>foedus</ets> league, compact. See <er>Federal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>United in a league; allied by treaty; engaged in a confederacy; banded together; allied.</def>

<blockquote>All the swords
In Italy, and her <b>confederate</b> arms,
Could not have made this peace.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Amer. Hist.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the government of the eleven Southern States of the United States which (1860-1865) attempted to establish an independent nation styled the Confederate States of America; <as>as, the <ex>Confederate</ex> congress; <ex>Confederate</ex> money.</as></def>

<h1>Confederate</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fed"er*ate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is united with others in a league; a person or a nation engaged in a confederacy; an ally; also, an accomplice in a bad sense.</def>

<blockquote>He found some of his <b>confederates</b> in gaol.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Amer. Hist.)</fld> <def>A name designating an adherent to the cause of the States which attempted to withdraw from the Union (1860-1865).</def>

<h1>Confederate</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fed"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Confederated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Confederating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To unite in a legue or confederacy; to ally.</def>

<blockquote>With these the Piercies them <b>confederate</b>.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confederate</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fed"er*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To unite in a league; to join in a mutual contract or covenant; to band together.</def>

<blockquote>By words men . . . covenant and <b>confederate</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confederater</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fed"er*a`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A confederate.</def>

<h1>Confederation</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fed`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>confoederatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conf\'82d\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of confederating; a league; a compact for mutual support; alliance, particulary of princes, nations, or states.</def>

<blockquote>The three princes enter into some strict league and <b>confederation</b> among themselves.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This was no less than a political <b>confederation</b> of the colonies of New England.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The parties that are confederated, considered as a unit; a confederacy.</def>

<cs><col>Articles of confederation</col>. <cd>See under <er>Article</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Confederative</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fed"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a confederation.</def>

<h1>Confederator</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fed"er*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A confederate.</def>

<i>Grafton.</i>

<h1>Confer</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p</tt>. <er>Conferred</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Conferring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>conferre</ets> to bring together, contribute, consult; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>conf\'82rer</ets>. See 1st <er>Bear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring together for comparison; to compare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If we <b>confer</b> these observations with others of the like nature, we may find cause to rectify the general opinion.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grant as a possession; to bestow.</def>

<blockquote>The public marks of honor and reward
<b>Conferred</b> upon me.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To contribute; to conduce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The closeness and compactness of the parts resting together doth much <b>confer</b> to the strength of the union.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confer</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con*fer"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To have discourse; to consult; to compare views; to deliberate.</def>

<blockquote>Festus, when he had <b>conferred</b> with the council, answered.
<i>Acts xxv. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You shall hear us <b>confer</b> of this.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To counsel; advise; discourse; converse.</syn>

<h1>Conferee</h1>
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<hw>Con`fer*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Referee</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is conferred with, or who takes part in a conference; <as>as, the <ex>conferees</ex> on the part of the Senate</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One upon whom something is conferred.</def>

<h1>Conference</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con"fer*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>conf\'82rence</ets>. See <er>Confer</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of comparing two or more things together; comparison.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Helps and furtherances which . . . the mutual <b>conference</b> of all men's collections and observations may afford.
<i>Hocker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of consulting together formally; serious conversation or discussion; interchange of views.</def>

<blockquote>Nor with such free and friendly <b>conference</b>
As he hath used of old.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A meeting for consultation, discussion, or an interchange of opinions.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A meeting of the two branches of a legislature, by their committees, to adjust between them.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Methodist Church)</fld> <def>A stated meeting of preachers and others, invested with authority to take cognizance of ecclesiastical matters.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A voluntary association of Congregational churches of a district; the district in which such churches are.</def>

<cs><col>Conference meeting</col>, <cd>a meeting for conference. Specifically, a meeting conducted (usually) by laymen, for conference and prayer. <mark>[U. S.]</mark></cd> -- <col>Conference room</col></mcol>, <cd>a room for conference and prayer, and for the pastor's less formal addresses. <mark>[U. S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Conferential</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con`fer*en"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to conference.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Clarke.</i>

<h1>Conferrable</h1>
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<hw>Con*fer"ra*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being conferred.</def>

<h1>Conferree</h1>
<Xpage=299>

<hw>Con`fer*ree"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Conferee</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="300">
Page 300<p>

<-- p. 300  -->

<h1>Conferrer</h1>
<Xpage=300>

<hw>Con*fer"rer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who confers; one who converses.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who bestows; a giver.</def>

<h1>Conferruminate, Conferruminated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Con`fer*ru"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Con`fer*ru"mi*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conferruminare</ets> to cement. See <er>Ferruminate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Closely united by the coalescence, or sticking together, of contiguous faces, as in the case of the cotyledons of the live-oak acorn.</def>

<h1>Conferva</h1>
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<hw>Con*fer"va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Conferv\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., a kind of water plant. See <er>Comfrey</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any unbranched, slender, green plant of the fresh-water algae. The word is frequently used in a wider sense.</def>

<h1>Confervaceous</h1>
<Xpage=300>

<hw>Con`fer*va"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to the confervae.</def>

<h1>Confervoid</h1>
<Xpage=300>

<hw>Con*fer"void</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Conferva</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like, or related to, the confervae.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<h1>Confervous</h1>
<Xpage=300>

<hw>Con*fer"vous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to confervae; consisting of, or resembling, the confervae.</def>

<blockquote>Yon exiguous pool's <b>confervous</b> scum.
<i>O. W. Holmes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confess</h1>
<Xpage=300>

<hw>Con*fess"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Confessed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Confessing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>confesser</ets>, fr. L. <ets>confessus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>confiteri</ets> to confess; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>fateri</ets> to confess; akin to <ets>fari</ets> to speak. See 2d <er>Ban</er>, <er>Fame</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make acknowledgment or avowal in a matter pertaining to one's self; to acknowledge, own, or admit, as a crime, a fault, a debt.</def>

<blockquote>And there <b>confess</b>
Humbly our faults, and pardon beg.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I must <b>confess</b> I was most pleased with a beautiful prospect that none of them have mentioned.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To acknowledge faith in; to profess belief in.</def>

<blockquote>Whosoever, therefore, shall <b>confess</b> me before men, him will I <b>confess</b>, also, before my Father which is in heaven.
<i>Matt. x. 32.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For the Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, neither angel, nor spirit; but the Pharisees <b>confess</b> both.
<i>Acts xxiii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To admit as true; to assent to; to acknowledge, as after a previous doubt, denial, or concealment.</def>

<blockquote>I never gave it him. Send for him hither,
And let him <b>confess</b> a truth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As I <b>confess</b> it needs must be.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As an actor <b>confessed</b> without rival to shine.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To make known or acknowledge, as one's sins to a priest, in order to receive absolution; -- sometimes followed by the reflexive pronoun.</def>

<blockquote>Our beautiful votary took an opportunity of <b>confessing</b> herself to this celebrated father.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To hear or receive such confession; -- said of a priest.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . heard mass, and the prince, his son, with him, and the most part of his company were <b>confessed</b>.
<i>Ld. Berners.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To disclose or reveal, as an effect discloses its cause; to prove; to attest.</def>

<blockquote>Tall thriving trees <b>confessed</b> the fruitful mold.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Admit; grant; concede; avow; own; assent; recognize; prove; exhibit; attest.</syn> <usage> -- <er>To Confess</er>, <er>Acknowledge</er>, <er>Avow</er>. <i>Acknowledge</i> is opposed to <i>conceal</i>. We <i>acknowledge</i> what we feel must or ought to be made known. (See <er>Acknowledge</er>.) <i>Avow</i> is opposed to <i>withhold</i>. We <i>avow</i> when we make an open and public declaration, as against obloquy or opposition; as, to <i>avow</i> one's principles; to <i>avow</i> one's participation in some act. <i>Confess</i> is opposed to <i>deny</i>. We <i>confess</i> (in the ordinary sense of the word) what we feel to have been wrong; as, to <i>confess</i> one's errors or faults. We sometimes use <i>confess</i> and <i>acknowledge</i> when there is no admission of our being in the wrong; as, this, I <i>confess</i>, is my opinion; I <i>acknowledge</i> I have always thought so; but in these cases we mean simply to imply that others may perhaps <i>think</i> us in the wrong, and hence we use the words by way of deference to their opinions. It was in this way that the early Christians were led to use the Latin <i>confiteor</i> and <i>confessio fidei</i> to denote the public declaration of their faith in Christianity; and hence the corresponding use in English of the verb <i>confess</i> and the noun <i>confession</i>.</usage>

<h1>Confess</h1>
<Xpage=300>

<hw>Con*fess"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make confession; to disclose sins or faults, or the state of the conscience.</def>

<blockquote>Every tongue shall <b>confess</b> to God.
<i>Rom. xiv. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To acknowledge; to admit; to concede.</def>

<blockquote>But since
(And I <b>confess</b> with right) you think me bound.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confessant</h1>
<Xpage=300>

<hw>Con*fess"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>confessant</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who confesses to a priest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Confessary</h1>
<Xpage=300>

<hw>Con*fess"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>confessarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who makes a confession.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Confessedly</h1>
<Xpage=300>

<hw>Con*fess"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By confession; without denial.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>confessly</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Confesser</h1>
<Xpage=300>

<hw>Con*fess"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes a confession.</def>

<h1>Confession</h1>
<Xpage=300>

<hw>Con*fes"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>confession</ets>, L. <ets>confessio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Acknowledgment; avowal, especially in a matter pertaining to one's self; the admission of a debt, obligation, or crime.</def>

<blockquote>With a crafty madness keeps aloof,
When we would bring him on to some <b>confession</b>
Of his true state.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Acknowledgment of belief; profession of one's faith.</def>

<blockquote>With the mouth <b>confession</b> is made unto salvation.
<i>Rom. x. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The act of disclosing sins or faults to a priest in order to obtain sacramental absolution.</def>

<blockquote>Auricular <b>confession</b> . . . or the private and special <b>confession</b> of sins to a priest for the purpose of obtaining his absolution.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A formulary in which the articles of faith are comprised; a creed to be assented to or signed, as a preliminary to admission to membership of a church; a confession of faith.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An admission by a party to whom an act is imputed, in relation to such act. A judicial confession settles the issue to which it applies; an extrajudical confession may be explained or rebutted.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<cs><col>Confession and avoidance</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a mode of pleading in which the party confesses the facts as stated by his adversary, but alleges some new matter by way of avoiding the legal effect claimed for them.</cd></cs>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<cs><col>Confession of faith</col>, <cd>a formulary containing the articles of faith; a creed.</cd> -- <col>General confession</col>, <cd>the confession of sins made by a number of persons in common, as in public prayer.</cd> -- <col>Westminster Confession</col>. <cd>See <cref>Westminster Assembly</cref>, under <er>Assembly</er>.</cs>

<h1>Confessional</h1>
<Xpage=300>

<hw>Con*fes"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>confessional</ets>.]</ety> <def>The recess, seat, or inclosed place, where a priest sits to hear confessions; often a small structure furnished with a seat for the priest and with a window or aperture so that the penitent who is outside may whisper into the priest's ear without being seen by him or heard by others.</def>

<h1>Confessional</h1>
<Xpage=300>

<hw>Con*fes"sion*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a confession of faith.</def>

<cs><col>Confessional equality</col>, <cd>equality before the law of persons confessing different creeds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Confessionalism</h1>
<Xpage=300>

<hw>Con*fes"sion*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An exaggerated estimate of the importance of giving full assent to any particular formula of the Christian faith.</def>

<i>Shaff.</i>

<h1>Confessionalist</h1>
<Xpage=300>

<hw>Con*fes"sion*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A priest hearing, or sitting to hear, confession.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boucher</i>

<h1>Confessionary</h1>
<Xpage=300>

<hw>Con*fes"sion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>confessionarium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A confessional.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Confessionary</h1>
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<hw>Con*fes"sion*a*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to auricular confession; <as>as, a <ex>confessionary</ex> litany</as>.</def>

<h1>Confessionist</h1>
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<hw>Con*fes"sion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>confessioniste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One professing a certain faith.</def>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Confessor</h1>
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<hw>Con*fess"or</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>confessor</ets>, F. <ets>confesseur</ets>, fr. L. & LL. <ets>confessor</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who confesses; one who acknowledges a fault, or the truth of a charge, at the risk of suffering; specifically, one who confesses himself a follower of Christ and endures persecution for his faith.</def>

<blockquote>He who dies for religion is a martyr; he who suffers for it is a <b>confessor</b>.
<i>Latham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our religion which hath been sealed with the blood of so many martyrs and <b>confessors</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A priest who hears the confessions of others and is authorized to grant them absolution.</def>

<h1>Confessorship</h1>
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<hw>Con*fess"or*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or state of suffering persecution for religious faith.</def>

<blockquote>Our duty to contend even to <b>confessorship</b>.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confestly</h1>
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<hw>Con*fest"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>See <er>Cofessedly</er>.</def>

<h1>Confidant; 277, n. masc., Confidante</h1>
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<hw><hw>Con`fi*dant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>; 277), <tt>n. masc.</tt>, <hw>Con`fi*dante"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n. fem.</tt><hw><ety>[F. <ets>confident</ets>, <ets>confidente</ets>, formerly also spelt <ets>confidant</ets>, <ets>confidante</ets>. See <er>Confide</er>, and cf. <er>Confident</er>.]</ety> <def>One to whom secrets, especially those relating to affairs of love, are confided or intrusted; a confidential or bosom friend.</def>

<blockquote>You love me for no other end
Than to become my <b>confidant</b> and friend;
As such I keep no secret from your sight.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confide</h1>
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<hw>Con*fide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Confided</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Confiding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>confidere</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>fidere</ets> to trust. See <er>Faith</er>, and cf. <er>Affiance</er>.]</ety> <def>To put faith (<i>in</i>); to repose confidence; to trust; -- usually followed by <i>in</i>; <as>as, the prince <ex>confides</ex> in his ministers</as>.</def>

<blockquote>By thy command I rise or fall,
In thy protection I <b>confide</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Judge before friendships, then <b>confide</b> till death.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confide</h1>
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<hw>Con*fide"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To intrust; to give in charge; to commit to one's keeping; -- followed by <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Congress may . . . <b>confide</b> to the Circuit jurisdiction of all offenses against the United States.
<i>Story.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confidence</h1>
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<hw>Con"fi*dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>confidentia</ets> firm trust in, self-confidence: cf. F. <ets>confidence</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of confiding, trusting, or putting faith in; trust; reliance; belief; -- formerly followed by <i>of</i>, now commonly by <i>in</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Society is built upon trust, and trust upon <b>confidence</b> of one another's integrity.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A cheerful <b>confidence in the mercy of God</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That in which faith is put or reliance had.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord shall be thy <b>confidence</b>.
<i>Prov. iii. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of mind characterized by one's reliance on himself, or his circumstamces; a feeling of self-sufficiency; such assurance as leads to a feeling of security; self-reliance; -- often with <i>self</i> prefixed.</def>

<blockquote>Your wisdom is consumed in <b>confidence</b>;
Do not go forth to-day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But <b>confidence</b> then bore thee on secure
Either to meet no danger, or to find
Matter of glorious trial.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Private conversation; (<pluf>pl.</pluf>) secrets shared; <as>as, there were <ex>confidences</ex> between them</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sir, I desire some <b>confidence</b> with you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Confidence game</col>, <cd>any swindling operation in which advantage is taken of the confidence reposed by the victim in the swindler.</cd> -- <col>Confidence man</col>, <cd>a swindler.</cd> -- <col>To take into one's confidence</col>, <cd>to admit to a knowledge of one's feelings, purposes, or affairs.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Trust; assurance; expectation; hope.</syn>

<blockquote>I am <b>confident</b> that very much be done.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Trustful; without fear or suspicion; frank; unreserved.</def>

<blockquote>Be <b>confident</b> to speak, Northumberland;
We three are but thyself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having self-reliance; bold; undaunted.</def>

<blockquote>As <b>confident</b> as is the falcon's flight
Against a bird, do I with Mowbray fight.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Having an excess of assurance; bold to a fault; dogmatical; impudent; presumptuous.</def>

<blockquote>The fool rageth and is <b>confident</b>.
<i>Prov. xiv. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Giving occasion for confidence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The cause was more <b>confident</b> than the event was prosperious.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confident</h1>
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<hw>Con"fi*dent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Confidant</er>.</def>

<i>South. Dryden.</i>

<h1>Confidential</h1>
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<hw>Con`fi*den"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>confidentiel</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Enjoying, or treated with, confidence; trusted in; trustworthy; <as>as, a <ex>confidential</ex> servant or clerk</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Communicated in confidence; secret.</def> "<i>Confidential</i> messages."

<i>Burke.</i>

<cs><col>Confidential communication</col> <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Privileged communication</cref>, under <er>Privileged</er>.</cd> -- <col>Confidential creditors</col>, <cd>those whose claims are of such a character that they are entitled to be paid before other creditors.</cd> -- <col>Confidential debts</col>, <cd>debts incurred for borrowed money, and regarded as having a claim to be paid before other debts.</cd></cs>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<h1>Confidentially</h1>
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<hw>Con`fi*den"tial*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In confidence; in reliance on secrecy.</def>

<h1>Confidently</h1>
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<hw>Con"fi*dent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With confidence; with strong assurance; positively.</def>

<h1>Confidentness</h1>
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<hw>Con"fi*dent*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being confident.</def>

<h1>Confider</h1>
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<hw>Con*fid"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who confides.</def>

<h1>Confiding</h1>
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<hw>Con*fid"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That confides; trustful; unsuspicious.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Con*fid"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Con*fid"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Configurate</h1>
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<hw>Con*fig"ur*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>configuratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>configurare</ets> to form or after; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>figurare</ets> to form, <ets>figura</ets> form. See <er>Figure</er>.]</ety> <def>To take form or position, as the parts of a complex structure; to agree with a pattern.</def>

<blockquote>Known by the name of uniformity;
Where pyramids to pyramids relate
And the whole fabric doth <b>configurate</b>.
<i>Jordan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Configuration</h1>
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<hw>Con*fig`u*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>configuratio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Form, as depending on the relative disposition of the parts of a thing' shape; figure.</def>

<blockquote>It is the variety of <b>configurations</b> [of the mouth] . . . which gives birth and origin to the several vowels.
<i>Harris.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>Relative position or aspect of the planets; the face of the horoscope, according to the relative positions of the planets at any time.</def>

<blockquote>They [astrologers] undertook . . . to determine the course of a man's character and life from the <b>configuration</b> of the stars at the moment of his birth.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Configure</h1>
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<hw>Con*fig"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Configured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Configuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>configurare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>configurer</ets>. See <er>Configurate</er>.]</ety> <def>To arrange or dispose in a certain form, figure, or shape.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Confinable</h1>
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<hw>Con*fin"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being confined, restricted, or limited.</def>

<blockquote>Not <b>confinable</b> to any limits.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confine</h1>
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<hw>Con*fine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Confined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Confining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>confiner</ets> to border upon, LL. <ets>confinare</ets> to set bounds to; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>finis</ets> boundary, end. See <er>Final</er>, <er>Finish</er>.]</ety> <def>To restrain within limits; to restrict; to limit; to bound; to shut up; to inclose; to keep close.</def>

<blockquote>Now let not nature's hand
Keep the wild flood <b>confined</b>! let order die!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He is to <b>confine</b> himself to the compass of numbers and the slavery of rhyme.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To be confined</col>, <cd>to be in childbed.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To bound; limit; restrain; imprison; immure; inclose; circumscribe; restrict.</syn>

<h1>Confine</h1>
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<hw>Con"fine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>or</tt> <def>(<?/); 277), <i>v. i.</i> To have a common boundary; to border; to lie contiguous; to touch; -- followed by <i>on</i> or <i>with</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Where your g;oomy bounds
<b>Confine</b> with heaven.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Beywixt hezven and earth and skies there stands a place.
<b>Confuining</b> on all three.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confine</h1>
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<hw>Con"fine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Common boundary; border; limit; -- used chiefly in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>Events that came to pass within the <b>confines</b> of Judea.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And now in little space
The <b>confines</b> met of emryrean heaven,
And of this world.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>On the <b>confines</b> of the city and the Temple.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Apartment; place of restraint; prison.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Confines</b>, wards, and dungeons.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The extravagant and erring spirit hies
To his <b>confine</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confineless</h1>
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<hw>Con"fine`less</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>  <def>Without limitation or end; boundless.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Confinement</h1>
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<hw>Con*fine"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Restraint within limits; imprisonment; any restraint of liberty; seclusion.</def>

<blockquote>The mind hates restraint, and is apt to fancy itself under <b>confinement</b> when the sight is pent up.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Restraint within doors by sickness, esp. that caused by childbirth; lying-in.</def>

<h1>Confiner</h1>
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<hw>Con*fin"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, limits or restrains.</def>

<h1>Confiner</h1>
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<hw>Con"fi`ner</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lives on confines, or near the border of a country; a borderer; a near neighbor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Happy <b>confiners</b> you of other lands,
That shift your soil, and oft 'scape tyrants' hands.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confinity</h1>
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<hw>Con*fin"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>confinit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Community of limits; contiguity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Confirm</h1>
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<hw>Con*firm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Confrmed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Confirming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>confermen</ets>, <ets>confirmen</ets>, OF. <ets>confermer</ets>, F. <ets>confirmer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>confirmare</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>firmare</ets> to make firm, fr. <ets>firmus</ets> firm. See <er>Firm</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make firm or firmer; to add strength to; to establish; <as>as, health is <ex>confirmed</ex> by exercise</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Confirm</b> the crown to me and to mine heirs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Annd <b>confirmed</b> the same unto Jacob for a law.
<i>Ps. cv. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strengthen in judgment or purpose.</def>

<blockquote><b>Confirmed</b>, then, I resolve
Adam shall share with me in bliss or woe.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give new assurance of the truth of; to render certain; to verify; to corroborate; <as>as, to <ex>confirm</ex> a rumor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Your eyes shall witness and <b>confirm</b> my tale.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These likelihoods <b>confirm</b> her flight.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To render valid by formal assent; to complete by a necessary sanction; to ratify; <as>as, to <ex>confirm</ex> the appoinment of an official; the Senate <ex>confirms</ex> a treaty.</as></def>

<blockquote>That treaty so prejudicial ought to have been remitted rather than <b>confimed</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>To administer the rite of confirmation to. See <er>Confirmation</er>, 3.</def>

<blockquote>Those which are thus <b>confirmed</b> are thereby supposed to be fit for admission to the sacrament.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To strengthen; corroborate; substantiate; establish; fix; ratify; settle; verify; assure.</syn>

<h1>Confirmable</h1>
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<hw>Con*firm"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be confirmed.</def>

<h1>Confirmance</h1>
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<hw>Con*firm"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Confirmation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Confirmation</h1>
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<hw>Con`fir*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>confirmation</ets>, L. <ets>confirmatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of confirming or strengthening; the act of establishing, ratifying, or sanctioning; <as>as, the <ex>confirmation</ex> of an appointment</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Their blood is shed
In <b>confirmation</b> of the noblest claim.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which confirms; that which gives new strength or assurance; as to a statement or belief; additional evidence; proof; convincing testimony.</def>

<blockquote>Trifles light as air
Are to the jealous <b>confirmations</b> strong
As proofs of holy writ.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A rite supplemental to baptism, by which a person is admitted, through the laying on of the hands of a bishop, to the full privileges of the church, as in the Roman Catholic, the Episcopal Church, etc.</def>

<blockquote>This ordinance is called <b>confirmation</b>, because they who duly receive it are confirmed or strengthened for the fulfillment of their Christian duties, by the grace therein bestowed upon them.
<i>Hook.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A conveyance by which a voidable estate is made sure and not voliable, or by which a particular estate is increased; a contract, express or implied, by which a person makes that firm and binding which was before voidable.</def>

<h1>Confirmative</h1>
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<hw>Con*firm"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>confirmativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>confirmatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending confirm or establish.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Con*firm"a*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Confirmator</h1>
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<hw>Con"fir*ma`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, confirms; a confirmer.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Confirmatory</h1>
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<hw>Con*firm"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. .</tt> <def>Serving to confirm; corroborative.</def>

<blockquote>A fact <b>confirmatory</b> of the conclusion.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to the rite of confirmation.</def>

<i>Compton.</i>

<h1>Confirmedly</h1>
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<hw>Con*firm"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With confirmation.</def>

<h1>Confirmedness</h1>
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<hw>Con*firm"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fixed state.</def>

<h1>Confirmee</h1>
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<hw>Con`fir*mee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>confirm<?/</ets>, p.p. of <ets>confirmer</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One to whom anuthing is confirmed.</def>

<h1>Confirmer</h1>
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<hw>Con*firm"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, confirms, establishes, or ratifies; one who corroborates.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Confirmingly</h1>
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<hw>Con*firm"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a confirming manner.</def>

<h1>Confiscable</h1>
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<hw>Con*fis"ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>confiscable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being confiscated; liable to forfeiture.</def>

<h1>Confiscate</h1>
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<hw>Con"fis*cate</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>confiscatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>confiscare</ets> to confiscate, prop., to lay up in a chest; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>fiscus</ets> basket, purse, treasury. See <er>Fiscal</er>.]</ety> <def>Seized and appropriated by the government to the public use; forfeited.</def>

<blockquote>Lest that your goods too soon be <b>confiscate</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confiscate</h1>
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<hw>Con"fis*cate</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t. </tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Confiscated</er>; <tt>p</tt>.<tt>pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Confiscating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To seize as forfeited to the public treasury; to appropriate to the public use.</def>

<blockquote>It was judged that he should be banished and his whole estate <b>confiscated</b> and seized.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confiscation</h1>
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<hw>Con`fis*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>confiscatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of taking property or condemning it to be taken, as forfeited to the public use.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>confiscations</b> following a subdued rebellion.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Confiscator</h1>
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<hw>Con"fis*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a treasurer.]</ety> <def>One who confiscates.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Confiscatory</h1>
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<hw>Con*fis"ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Effecting confiscation; characterized by confiscations.</def> "<i>Confiscatory</i> and exterminatory periods."

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Confit</h1>
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<hw>Con"fit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Comfit</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Confitent</h1>
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<hw>Con"fi*tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>confitens</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>One who confesses his sins and faults.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Confiteor</h1>
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<hw>Con*fit"e*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., I confess. See <er>Confess</er>.]</ety> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>A form of prayer in which public confession of sins is made.</def>

<h1>Confiture</h1>
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<hw>Con"fi*ture</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being congenial; natural affinity; adaptation; suitableness.</def>

<i>Sir J. Reynolds.</i>

<blockquote>If <b>congeniality</b> of tastes could have made a marriage happy, that union should have been thrice blessed.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Congenialize</h1>
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<hw>Con*gen"ial*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make congenial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Congenially</h1>
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<hw>Con*gen"ial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a congenial manner; <as>as, <ex>congenially</ex> married or employed</as>.</def>

<h1>Congenialness</h1>
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<hw>Con*gen"ial*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Congeniality.</def>

<h1>Congenious</h1>
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<hw>Con*gen"ious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Congeneric.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Congenital</h1>
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<hw>Con*gen"i*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Congenite</er>.]</ety> <def>Existing at, or dating from, birth; pertaining to one from birth; born with one; connate; constitutinal; natural; <as>as, a <ex>congenital</ex> deformity</as>. See <er>Connate</er>.</def>

<h1>Congenitally</h1>
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<hw>Con*gen"i*tal*ly</hw>, <tt>dv.</tt> <def>In a congenital manner.</def>

<h1>Congenite</h1>
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<hw>Con*gen"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>congenitus</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>genitus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>gignere</ets> to beget. See <er>Generate</er>.]</ety> <def>Congenital; connate; inborn. See <er>Congenital</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Many conclusions, of moral and intellectual truths, seem . . . to be <b>congenite</b> with us.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conger</h1>
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<hw>Con"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conger</ets>, <ets>congrus</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>congre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The conger eel; -- called also <altname>congeree</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Conger sea</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the sea eel; a large species of eel (<spn>Conger vulgaris</spn>), which sometimes grows to the length of ten feet.</cd></cs>

<h1>Congeries</h1>
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<hw>Con*ge"ri*es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing & pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>congerere</ets>. See <er>Congest</er>.]</ety> <def>A collection of particles or bodies into one mass; a heap; an aggregation.</def>

<h1>Congest</h1>
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<hw>Con*gest"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. </tt> <ety>[L. <ets>congestus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>congere</ets> to bring together; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>gerere</ets>. See <er>Gerund</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To collect or gather into a mass or aggregate; to bring together; to accumulate.</def>

<blockquote>To what will thy <b>congested</b> guilt amount?
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To cause an overfullness of the blood vessels (esp. the capillaries) of an organ or part.</def>

<h1>Congested</h1>
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<hw>Con*gest"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Crowded together.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Containing an unnatural accumulation of blood; hyper\'91mic; -- said of any part of the body.</def>

<h1>Congestion</h1>
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<hw>Con*ges"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>congestio: cf. F. <ets>congestion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of gathering into a heap or mass; accumulation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>congestion</b> of dead bodies one upon another.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Overfullness of the capillary and other blood vessels, etc., in any locality or organ (often producing other morbid symptoms); local hyper<?/mic, active or passive; <as>as, arterial <ex>congestion</ex>; venous <ex>congestion</ex>; <ex>congestion</ex> of the lungs.</as></def>

<h1>Congestive</h1>
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<hw>Con*gest"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, indicating, or attended with, congestion in some part of the body; <as>as, a <ex>congestive</ex> fever</as>.</def>

<h1>Congiary</h1>
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<hw>Con"gi*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Congiaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>congiarium</ets>, fr. <ets>congius</ets> a liquid measure.]</ety> <def>A present, as of corn, wine, or oil, made by a Roman emperor to the soldiers or the people; -- so called because measured to each in a <i>congius</i>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<note>&hand; In later years, when gifts of money were distributed, the name <i>congius</i> was retained.</note>

<h1>Congius</h1>
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<hw>Con"gi*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Roman Antiq.)</fld> <def>A liquid measure containing about three quarts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A gallon, or four quarts.</def> <altsp>[Often abbreviated to <asp>cong.</asp>]</altsp>

<h1>Conglaciate</h1>
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<hw>Con*gla"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?; 221)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conglaciatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conglaciare</ets>. See <er>Glaciate</er>.]</ety> <def>To turn to ice; to freeze.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Conglaciation</h1>
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<hw>Con*gla`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>conglaciation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of changing into ice, or the state of being converted to ice; a freezing; congelation; also, a frost.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Conglobate</h1>
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<hw>Con*glo"bate</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conglobatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conglobare</ets> to conglobate. See <er>Globate</er>.]</ety> <def>Collected into, or forming, a rounded mass or ball; <as>as, the <ex>conglobate</ex> [lymphatic] glands; <ex>conglobate</ex> flowers.</as></def>

<h1>Conglobate</h1>
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<hw>Con*glo"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Conglobated</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Conglobating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Conglore</er>.]</ety> <def>To collect or form into a ball or rounded mass; to gather or mass together.</def>

<blockquote><b>Conglobated</b> bubbles undissolved.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conglobation</h1>
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<hw>Con`glo*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conglobatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conglobation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of forming into a ball.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A round body.</def>

<h1>Conglobe</h1>
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<hw>Con*globe"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. </tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Conglobed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Conglobing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>conglobare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conglober</ets>. Cf. <er>Conglobate</er>.]</ety> <def>To gather into a ball; to collect into a round mass.</def>

<blockquote>Then founded, then <b>conglobed</b>
Like things to like.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conglobe</h1>
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<hw>Con*globe"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To collect, unite, or coalesce in a round mass.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Conglobulate</h1>
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<hw>Con*glob"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>globule</ets>.]</ety> <def>To gather into a small round mass.</def>

<h1>Conglomerate</h1>
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<hw>Con*glom"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conglomeratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conglomerare</ets> to roll together; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>glomerare</ets> to wind into a ball. See <er>Glomerate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Gathered into a ball or a mass; collected together; concentrated; <as>as, <ex>conglomerate</ex> rays of light</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Beams of light when they are multiplied and <b>conglomerate</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fluids are separated in the liver and the other conglobate and <b>conglomerate</b> glands.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Closely crowded together; densly clustered; <as>as, <ex>conglomerate</ex> flowers</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Composed of stones, pebbles, or fragments of rocks, cemented together.</def>

<h1>Conglomerate</h1>
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<hw>Con*glom"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is heaped together in a mass or conpacted from various sources; a mass formed of fragments; collection; accumulation.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>conglomerate</b> of marvelous anecdotes, marvelously heaped together.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A rock, composed or rounded fragments of stone cemented together by another mineral substance, either calcareous, siliceous, or argillaceous; pudding stone; -- opposed to <i>agglomerate</i>. See <er>Breccia</er>.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>conglomerate</b>, therefore, is simply gravel bound together by a cement.
<i>Lyell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conglomerate</h1>
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<hw>Con*glom"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Conglomerated</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Conglomerating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To gather into a ball or round body; to collect into a mass.</def>

<h1>Conglomeration</h1>
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<hw>Con*glom`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conglomeratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conglomeration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of gathering into a mass; the state of being thus collected; collection; accumulation; that which is conglomerated; a mixed mass.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Conglutin</h1>
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<hw>Con*glu"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Conglutinate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A variety of vegetable casein, resembling legumin, and found in almonds, rye, wheat, etc.</def>

<h1>Conglutinant</h1>
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<hw>Con*glu"ti*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L., <ets>conglutinans</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>Cementing together; uniting closely; causing to adhere; promoting healing, as of a wound or a broken bone, by adhesion of the parts.</def>

<h1>Conglutinate</h1>
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<hw>Con*glu"ti*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conglutinatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conglutinare</ets> to glue; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>glutinare</ets> to glue, <ets>gluten</ets> glue.]</ety> <def>Glued together; united, as by some adhesive substance.</def>

<h1>Conglutinate</h1>
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<hw>Con*glu"ti*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Conglutinated</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n</tt>. Conglutinating.]</wordforms> <def>To glue together; to unite by some glutinous or tenacious substance; to cause to adhere or to grow together.</def>

<blockquote>Bones . . . have had their broken parts <b>conglutinated</b> within three or four days.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conglutinate</h1>
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<hw>Con*glu"ti*nate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To unite by the intervention of some glutinous substance; to coalesce.</def>

<hr>
<page="303">
Page 303<p>

<h1>Conglutination</h1>
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<hw>Con*glu`ti*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conglutinatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conglutination</ets>.]</ety> <def>A gluing together; a joining by means of some tenacious substance; junction; union.</def>

<blockquote><b>Conglutination</b> of parts separated by a wound.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conglutinative</h1>
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<hw>Con*glu"ti*na"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>conglutinatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Conglutinant.</def>

<h1>Congou, Congo</h1>
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<hw><hw>Con"gou</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Con"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Chin. <ets>kung-foo</ets> labor.]</ety> <def>Black tea, of higher grade (finer leaf and less dusty) than the present bohea. See <er>Tea</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Of black teas, the great mass is called <b>Congou</b>, or the "well worked", a name which took the place of the <b>Bohea</b> of 150 years ago, and is now itself giving way to the term "English breakfast tea."
<i>S. W. Williams.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Congo snake</h1>
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<hw>Con"go snake"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An amphibian (<spn>Amphiuma means</spn>) of the order <spn>Urodela</spn>, found in the southern United States. See <er>Amphiuma</er>.</def>

<h1>Congratulant</h1>
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<hw>Con*grat"u*lant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>congratulans</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Rejoicing together; congratulatory.</def>

<blockquote>With like joy
<b>Congratulant</b> approached him.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Congratulate</h1>
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<hw>Con*grat"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Congratulated</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Congratulating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>congratulatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>congratulari</ets> to wish joy abundantly; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>gratulari</ets> to wish joy, from <ets>gratus</ets> pleasing. See <er>Grateful</er>.]</ety> <def>To address with expressions of sympathetic pleasure on account of some happy event affecting the person addressed; to wish joy to.</def>

<blockquote>It is the king's most sweet pleasure and affection to <b>congratulate</b> the princess at her pavilion.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To congratulate one's self</col>, <cd>to rejoice; to feel satisfaction; to consider one's self happy or fortunate.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>To Congratulate</er>, <er>Felicitate</er>.</syn> <usage> To <i>felicitate</i> is simply to wish a person joy. To <i>congratulate</i> has the additional signification of uniting in the joy of him whom we congratulate.  Hence they are by no means synonymous. One who has lost the object of his affections by her marriage to a rival, might perhaps <i>felicitate</i> that rival on his success, but could never be expected to <i>congratulate</i> him on such an event.</usage>

<blockquote><b>Felicitations</b> are little better than compliments; <b>congratulations</b> are the expression of a genuine sympathy and joy.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Congratulate</h1>
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<hw>Con*grat"u*late</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To express of feel sympathetic joy; <as>as, to <ex>congratulate</ex> with one's country</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<blockquote>The subjects of England may <b>congratulate</b> to themselves.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Congratulation</h1>
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<hw>Con*grat`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>congratulatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>congratulation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of congratulating; an expression of sympathetic pleasure.</def>

<blockquote>With infinite <b>congratulations</b> for our safe arrival.
<i>Dr. J. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Congratulator</h1>
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<hw>Con*grat"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who offers congratulation.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Congratulatory</h1>
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<hw>Con*grat"u*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expressive of sympathetic joy; <as>as, a <ex>congratulatory</ex> letter</as>.</def>

<h1>Congree</h1>
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<hw>Con*gree"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref.<ets>on-</ets>+ L. <ets>gratus</ets> pleasing. Cf. <er>Agree</er>.]</ety> <def>To agree.</def> <mark>[bs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Congreet</h1>
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<hw>Con*greet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To salute mutually.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Congregate</h1>
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<hw>Con"gre*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>congregatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>congregare</ets> to congregate; <ets>on-</ets> + <ets>gregare</ets> to collect into a flock, fr. <ets>grex</ets> flock, herd. See <er>Gregarious</er>.]</ety> <def>Collected; compact; close.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Congregate</h1>
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<hw>Con"gre*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Congregated</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Congregating</er>]</wordforms> <def>To collect into an assembly or assemblage; to assemble; to bring into one place, or into a united body; to gather together; to mass; to compact.</def>

<blockquote>Any multitude of Christian men <b>congregated</b> may be termed by the name of a church.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cold <b>congregates</b> all bodies.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The great receptacle
Of <b>congregated</b> waters he called Seas.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Congregate</h1>
<Xpage=303>

<hw>Con"gre*gate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To come together; to assemble; to meet.</def>

<blockquote>Even there where merchants most do <b>congregate</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Congregation</h1>
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<hw>Con`gre*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>congregatio</ets>: <ets>cf</ets>. <ets>F</ets>. <ets>congr\'82gation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of congregating, or bringing together, or of collecting into one aggregate or mass.</def>

<blockquote>The means of reduction in the fire is but by the <b>congregation</b> of homogeneal parts.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collection or mass of separate things.</def>

<blockquote>A foul and pestilent <b>congregation</b> of vapors.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An assembly of persons; a gathering; esp. an assembly of persons met for the worship of God, and for religious instruction; a body of people who habitually so meet.</def>

<blockquote>He [Bunyan] rode every year to London, and preached there to large and attentive <b>congregations</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anc. Jewish Hist.)</fld> <def>The whole body of the Jewish people; -- called also <altname>Congregation of the Lord</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>It is a sin offering for the <b>congregation</b>.
<i>Lev. iv. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A body of cardinals or other ecclesiastics to whom as intrusted some departament of the church business; <as>as, the <ex>Congregation of the Propaganda</ex>, which has charge of the missions of the Roman Catholic Church</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A company of religious persons forming a subdivision of a monastic order.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The assemblage of Masters and Doctors at Oxford or Cambrige University, mainly for the granting of degrees.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Scotch Church Hist.)</fld> <def>the name assumed by the Protestant party under John Knox. The leaders called themselves (1557) <i>Lords of the Congregation</i>.</def>

<h1>Congregational</h1>
<Xpage=303>

<hw>Con`gre*ga"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a congregation; conducted, or participated in, by a congregation; <as>as, <ex>congregational</ex> singing</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Belonging to the system of Congregationalism, or to Congregationalist; holding to the faith and polity of Congregationalism; <as>as, a <ex>Congregational</ex> church</as>.</def>

<h1>Congregationalism</h1>
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<hw>Con`gre*ga"tion*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That system of church organization which vests all ecclesiastical power in the assembled brotherhood of each local church.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The faith and polity of the Congregational churches, taken collectively.</def>

<note>&hand; In this sense (which is its usual signification) <i>Congregationalism</i> is the system of faith and practice common to a large body of evangelical Trinitarian churches, which recognize the local brotherhood of each church as independent of all dictation in ecclesiastical matters, but are united in fellowship and joint action, as in councils for mutual advice, and in consociations, conferences, missionary organizations, etc., and to whose membership the designation "Congregationalists" is generally restricted; but Unitarian and other churches are Congregational in their polity.</note>

<h1>Congregationalist</h1>
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<hw>Con`gre*ga"tion*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who belongs to a Congregational church or society; one who holds to Congregationalism.</def>

<h1>Congress</h1>
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<hw>Con"gress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Congresses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>congressus</ets>, fr. <ets>congredi</ets>, p.p. <ets>-gressus</ets>, to go or come together; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>grati</ets> to go or step, <ets>gradus</ets> step: cf. F. <ets>congr<?/s</ets>. See <er>Grade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A meeting of individuals, whether friendly or hostile; an encounter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Here Pallas urges on, and Lausus there;<
heir <b>congress</b> in the field great Jove withstands.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sudden encounter; a collision; a shock; -- said of things.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>From these laws may be deduced the rules of the <b>congresses</b> and reflections of two bodies.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The coming together of a male and female in sexual commerce; the act of coition.</def>

<i>Pennant.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A gathering or assembly; a conference.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A formal assembly, as of princes, deputies, representatives, envoys, or commissioners; esp., a meeting of the representatives of several governments or societies to consider and determine matters of common interest.</def>

<blockquote>The European powers strove to . . . accommodate their differences at the <b>congress</b> of Vienna.
<i>Alison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The collective body of senators and representatives of the people of a nation, esp. of a republic, constituting the chief legislative body of the nation.</def>

<note>&hand; In the Congress of the United States (which took the place of the Federal Congress, March 4, 1789), the Senate consists of two Senators from each State, chosen by the State legislature for a term of six years, in such a way that the terms of one third of the whole number expire every year; the House of Representatives consists of members elected by the people of the several Congressional districts, for a term of two years, the term of all ending at the same time. The united body of Senators and Representatives for any term of two years for which the whole body of Representatives is chosen is called <i>one Congress</i>. Thus the session which began in December, 1887, was the first (or long) session, and that which began in December, 1888, was the second (or short) session, of the <i>Fiftieth Congress</i>. When an extra session is had before the date of the first regular meeting of a Congress, that is called the first session, and the following regular session is called the second session.</note>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The lower house of the Spanish Cortes, the members of which are elected for three years.</def>

<cs><col>The Continental Congress</col>, <cd>an assembly of deputies from the thirteen British colonies in America, appointed to deliberate in respect to their common interests. They first met in 1774, and from time thereafter until near the close of the Revolution.</cd> -- <col>The Federal Congress</col>, <cd>the assembly of representatives of the original States of the American Union, who met under the Articles of Confederation from 1781 till 1789.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Congress boot</col> &or; <col>gaiter</col></mcol>, <cd>a high shoe or half-boot, coming above the ankle, and having the sides made in part of some elastic material which stretches to allow the boot to be drawn on and off. <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cd> -- <col>Congress water</col>, <cd>a saline mineral water from the Congress spring at Saratoga, in the State of New York.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Assembly; meeting; convention; convocation; council; diet; conclave; parliament; legislature.</syn>

<h1>Congression</h1>
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<hw>Con*gres"sion</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>congressio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A coming or bringing together, as in a public meeting, in a dispute, in the act of comparing, or in sexual intercourse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Congressional</h1>
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<hw>Con*gres"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a congress, especially, to the Congress of the United States; <as>as, <ex>congressional</ex> debates</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Congressional</b> and official labor.
<i>E. Everett.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Congressional District</col>, <cd>one of the divisions into which a State is periodically divided (according to population), each of which is entitled to elect a Representative to the Congress of the United States.</cd></cs>

<h1>Congressive</h1>
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<hw>Con*gres"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Encountering, or coming together.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Congressman</h1>
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<hw>Con"gress*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Congressmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. </plu> <def>A member of the Congress of the United States, esp. of the House of Representatives.</def>

<h1>Congreve rocket</h1>
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<hw>Con"greve rock"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Rocket</er>.</def>

<h1>Congrue</h1>
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<hw>Con"grue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>congruere</ets>. See <er>Congruous</er>.]</ety> <def>To agree; to be suitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Congruence</h1>
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<hw>Con"gru*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>congruentia</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>cornguence</ets>.]</ety> <def>Suitableness of one thing to another; agreement; consistency.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Congruency</h1>
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<hw>Con"gru*en*cy</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>  <def>Congruence.</def>

<cs><col>Congruency of lines</col>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Complex of lines</cref>, under <er>Complex</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Congruent</h1>
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<hw>Con"gru*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>congruens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>congruere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>congruent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Possessing congruity; suitable; agreeing; corresponding.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>congruent</b> and harmonious fitting of parts in a sentence.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Congruent figures</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>concurring figures.</cd></cs>

<h1>Congruism</h1>
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<hw>Con"gru*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>congruisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Scholastic Theol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Congruity</er>.</def>

<h1>Congruity</h1>
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<hw>Con*gru"i*ty</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Congruities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>congruit<?/</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being congruous; the relation or agreement between things; fitness; harmony; correspondence; consistency.</def>

<blockquote>With what <b>congruity</b> doth the church of Rome deny that her enemies do at all appertain to the church of Christ?
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A whole sentence may fail of its <b>congruity</b> by wanting one particle.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Coincidence, as that of lines or figures laid over one another.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Scholastic Theol.)</fld> <def>That, in an imperfectly good persons, which renders it suitable for God to bestow on him gifts of grace.</def>

<h1>Congruous</h1>
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<hw>Con"gru*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>congruus</ets>, fr. <ets>congruere</ets> to come together, to coincide, to agree. Of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>Suitable or concordant; accordant; fit; harmonious; correspondent; consistent.</def>

<blockquote>Not <b>congruous</b> to the nature of epic poetry.
<i>Blair.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is no ways <b>congruous</b> that God should be always frightening men into an acknowledgment of the truth.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Congruously</h1>
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<hw>Con"gru*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a congruous manner.</def>

<h1>Conhydrine</h1>
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<hw>Con*hy"drine</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Con</ets>ium + <ets>hydr</ets>ate.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A vegetable alkaloid found with conine in the poison hemlock (<spn>Conium maculatum</spn>). It is a white crystalline substance, <chform>C8H17NO</chform>, easily convertible into conine.</def>

<h1>Conia</h1>
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<hw>Co*ni"a</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Conium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Conine</er>.</def>

<h1>Conic, Conical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Con"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Con"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>conique</ets>. See <er>Cone</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the form of, or resembling, a geometrical cone; round and tapering to a point, or gradually lessening in circumference; <as>as, a <ex>conic</ex> or <ex>conical</ex> figure; a <ex>conical</ex> vessel.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a cone; <as>as, <ex>conic</ex> sections</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Conic section</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a curved line formed by the intersection of the surface of a right cone and a plane. The conic sections are the parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola. The right lines and the circle which result from certain positions of the plane are sometimes, though not generally included.</cd> -- <col>Conic sections</col>, <cd>that branch of geometry which treats of the parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola.</cd> -- <col>Conical pendulum</col>. <cd>See <er>Pendulum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Conical projection</col>, <cd>a method of delineating the surface of a sphere upon a plane surface as if projected upon the surface of a cone; -- much used by makers of maps in Europe.</cd> -- <col>Conical surface</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a surface described by a right line moving along any curve and always passing through a fixed point that is not in the plane of that curve.</cd></cs>

<h1>Conic</h1>
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<hw>Con"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A conic section.</def>

<h1>Conicality</h1>
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<hw>Con`i*cal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Conicalness.</def>

<h1>Conically</h1>
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<hw>Con"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the form of a cone.</def>

<h1>Conicalness</h1>
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<hw>Con"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or quality of being conical.</def>

<h1>Conico-</h1>
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<hw>Con"i*co-</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Conic</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form, meaning <i>somewhat resembling a cone</i>; <as>as, <ex>conico</ex>-cylindrical, resembling a cone and a cylinder; <ex>conico</ex>-hemispherical; <ex>conico</ex>-subulate.</as></def>

<h1>Conicoid</h1>
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<hw>Con"i*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Conic</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Conoidal</er>.</def>

<h1>Conics</h1>
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<hw>Con"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That branch of geometry which treats of the cone and the curves which arise from its sections.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conic sections.</def>

<h1>Conidium</h1>
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<hw>Co*nid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Conida</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A peculiar kind of reproductive cell found in certain fungi, and often containing zo\'94spores.</def>

<h1>Conifer</h1>
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<hw>Co"ni*fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conifer</ets>; <ets>conus</ets> cone + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>conif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree or shrub bearing cones; one of the order <spn>Coniferae</spn>, which includes the pine, cypress, and (according to some) the yew.</def>

<h1>Coniferin</h1>
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<hw>Co*nif"er*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside extracted from the cambium layer of coniferous trees as a white crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Coniferous</h1>
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<hw>Co*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Bearing cones, as the pine and cypress.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to the order <spn>Coniferae</spn>, of which the pine tree is the type.</def>

<h1>Coniform</h1>
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<hw>Co"ni*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cone</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>coniforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cone-shaped; conical.</def>

<h1>Coniine</h1>
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<hw>Co*ni"ine</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Conine</er>.</def>

<h1>Conimene</h1>
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<hw>Co"ni*mene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Olibene</er>.</def>

<h1>Conine</h1>
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<hw>Co"nine</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Conium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A powerful and very poisonous vegetable alkaloid found in the hemlock (<spn>Conium maculatum</spn>) and extracted as a colorless oil, <chform>C8H17N</chform>, of strong repulsive odor and acrid taste. It is regarded as a derivative of piperidine and likewise of one of the collidines. It occasions a gradual paralysis of the motor nerves. Called also <altname>coniine</altname>, <altname>coneine</altname>, <altname>conia</altname>, etc.  See <er>Conium</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Coniroster</h1>
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<hw>Co`ni*ros"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Conirostres.</def>

<h1>Conirostral</h1>
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<hw>Co`ni*ros"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Conirostres.</def>

<h1>Conirostres</h1>
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<hw>Co`ni*ros"tres</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>conus</ets> cone + <ets>rostrum</ets> beak: cf. F. <ets>conirostre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tribe of perching birds, including those which have a strong conical bill, as the finches.</def>

<h1>Conisor</h1>
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<hw>Con`i*sor"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Obs</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Cognizor</er>.</def>

<h1>Conistra</h1>
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<hw>Co*nis"tra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ dust.]</ety> <fld>(Greek Antiq.)</fld> <def>Originally, a part of the palestra, or gymnasium among the Greeks; either the place where sand was stored for use in sprinkling the wrestlers, or the wrestling ground itself. Hence, a part of the orchestra of the Greek theater.</def>

<h1>Conite</h1>
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<hw>Co"nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ dust: cf. F. <ets>conite</ets>. So called on account of its gray color.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A magnesian variety of dolomite.</def>

<h1>Conium</h1>
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<hw>Co*ni"um</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hemlock.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of biennial, poisonous, white-flowered, umbelliferous plants, bearing ribbed fruit ("seeds") and decompound leaves.</def>

<hr>
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Page 304<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The common hemlock (<spn>Conium maculatum</spn>, poison hemlock, spotted hemlock, poison parsley), a roadside weed of Europe, Asia, and America, cultivated in the United States for medicinal purpose. It is an active poison. The leaves and fruit are used in medicine.</def>

<h1>Conject</h1>
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<hw>Con*ject"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conjectus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conjicere</ets>. See <er>Conjecture</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To throw together, or to throw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Conject</h1>
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<hw>Con*ject"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To conjecture; also, to plan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Conjector</h1>
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<hw>Con*ject"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who guesses or conjectures.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A great <b>conjector</b> at other men by their writings.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conjecturable</h1>
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<hw>Con*jec"tur*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>  <def>Capable of being conjectured or guessed.</def>

<h1>Conjectural</h1>
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<hw>Con*jec"tur*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conjecturalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conjectural</ets>.]</ety> <def>Dependent on conjecture; fancied; imagined; guessed at; undetermined; doubtful.</def>

<blockquote>And mak'st <b>conjectural</b> fears to come into me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A slight expense of <b>conjectural</b> analogy.
<i>Hugh Miller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who or what such editor may be, must remain <b>conjectural</b>.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conjecturalist</h1>
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<hw>Con*jec"tur*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A conjecturer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Month. rev.</i>

<h1>Conjecturally</h1>
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<hw>Con*jec`tur*al"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which depends upon guess; guesswork.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Conjecturally</h1>
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<hw>Con*jec`tur*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a conjectural manner; by way of conjecture.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Conjecture</h1>
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<hw>Con*jec"ture</hw> <tt>(; 135?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conjectura</ets>, fr. <ets>conjicere</ets>, <ets>conjectum</ets>, to throw together, infer, conjecture; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>jacere</ets> to throw: cf. F. <ets>conjecturer</ets>. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting forth.]</ety> <def>An opinion, or judgment, formed on defective or presumptive evidence; probable inference; surmise; guess; suspicion.</def>

<blockquote>He [Herodotus] would thus have corrected his first loose <b>conjecture</b> by a real study of nature.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Conjectures</b>, fancies, built on nothing firm.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conjecture</h1>
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<hw>Con*jec"ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Conjectured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Conjecturing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>conjecturer</ets>. Cf. <er>Conject</er>.]</ety> <def>To arrive at by conjecture; to infer on slight evidence; to surmise; to guess; to form, at random, opinions concerning.</def>

<blockquote>Human reason can then, at the best, but <b>conjecture</b> what will be.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conjecture</h1>
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<hw>Con*jec"ture</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make conjectures; to surmise; to guess; to infer; to form an opinion; to imagine.</def>

<h1>Conjecturer</h1>
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<hw>Con*jec"tur*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who conjectures.</def>

<i>Hobbes.</i>

<h1>Conjoin</h1>
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<hw>Con*join</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Conjoined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Conjoining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>conjoindre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>conjungere</ets>, <ets>-junctum</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>jungere</ets> to join. See <er>Join</er>, and cf. <er>Conjugate</er>, <er>Conjunction</er>.]</ety> <def>To join together; to unite.</def>

<blockquote>The English army, that divided was
Into two parties, is now <b>conjoined</b> in one.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If either of you know any inward impediment why you should not be <b>conjoined</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let that which he learns next be nearly <b>conjoined</b> with what he knows already.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conjoin</h1>
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<hw>Con*join"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To unite; to join; to league.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Conjoined</h1>
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<hw>Con*joined"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Joined together or touching.</def>

<h1>Conjoint</h1>
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<hw>Con*joint"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>conjoint</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conjoindre</ets>. See <er>Conjoin</er>, and cf. <er>Conjunct</er>.]</ety> <def>United; connected; associated.</def> "Influence <i>conjoint</i>."

<i>Glover.</i>

<cs><col>Conjoint degrees</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>two notes which follow each other immediately in the order of the scale, as <i>ut<i> and <i>re<i>.</cd></cs>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<cs><col>Conjoint tetrachords</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, two tetrachords or fourths, where the same note is the highest of one and the lowest of the other; -- also written <asp>conjunct</asp>.

<h1>Conjointly</h1>
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<hw>Con*joint"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a conjoint manner; untitedly; jointly; together.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Conjointness</h1>
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<hw>Con*joint"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The qquality of being conjoint.</def>

<h1>Conjubilant</h1>
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<hw>Con*ju"bi*lant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shouting together for joy; rejoicing together.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Neale.</i>

<h1>Conjugal</h1>
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<hw>Con"ju*gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conjugalis</ets>, fr. <ets>conjux</ets> husband, wife, consort, fr. <ets>conjungere</ets> to unite, join in marriage. See <er>Conjoin</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to marriage; suitable or appropriate to the marriage state or to married persons; matrimonial; connubial.</def> "<i>Conjugal</i> affection."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Conjugality</h1>
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<hw>Con`ju*gal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The conjugal state; sexual intercourse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Conjugally</h1>
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<hw>Con"ju*gal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a conjugal manner; matrimonially; connubially.</def>

<h1>Conjugate</h1>
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<hw>Con"ju*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conjugatus</ets>, p.p. or <ets>conjugare</ets> to unite; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>jugare</ets> to join, yoke, marry, jugum yoke; akin to <ets>jungere</ets> to join. See <er>Join</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>United in pairs; yoked together; coupled.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>In single pairs; coupled.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Containing two or more radicals supposed to act the part of a single one.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Agreeing in derivation and radical signification; -- said of words.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Presenting themselves simultaneously and having reciprocal properties; -- frequently used in pure and applied mathematics with reference to two quantities, points, lines, axes, curves, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Conjugate axis of a hyperbola</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the line through the center of the curve, perpendicular to the line through the two foci.</cd> -- <col>Conjugate diameters</col> <fld>(Conic Sections)</fld>, <cd>two diameters of an ellipse or hyperbola such that each bisects all chords drawn parallel to the other.</cd> -- <col>Conjugate focus</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Focus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Conjugate mirrors</col> <fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>two mirrors so placed that rays from the focus of one are received at the focus of the other, especially two concave mirrors so placed that rays proceeding from the principal focus of one and reflected in a parallel beam are received upon the other and brought to the principal focus.</cd> -- <col>Conjugate point</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>an acnode. See <er>Acnode</er>, and <er>Double point</er>.</cd> -- <col>Self-conjugate triangle</col> <fld>(Conic Sections)</fld>, <cd>a triangle each of whose vertices is the pole of the opposite side with reference to a conic.</cd></cs>

<h1>Conjugate</h1>
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<hw>Con`ju*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conjugatum</ets> a combining, etymological relationship.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A word agreeing in derivation with another word, and therefore generally resembling it in signification.</def>

<blockquote>We have learned, in logic, that <b>conjugates</b> are sometimes in name only, and not in deed.
<i>Abp. Bramhall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A complex radical supposed to act the part of a single radical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Conjugate</h1>
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<hw>Con"ju*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Conjugated</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Conjugating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unite in marriage; to join.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To inflect (a verb), or give in order the forms which it assumed in its several voices, moods, tenses, numbers, and persons.</def>

<h1>Conjugate</h1>
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<hw>Con"ju*gate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To unite in a kind of sexual union, as two or more cells or individuals among the more simple plants and animals.</def>

<h1>Conjugation</h1>
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<hw>Con`ju*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conjugatio</ets> conjugation (in senses 1 & 3).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>the act of uniting or combining; union; assemblage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Mixtures and <b>conjugations</b> of atoms.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Two things conjoined; a pair; a couple.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The sixth <b>conjugations</b> or pair of nerves.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of conjugating a verb or giving in order its various parts and inflections.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A scheme in which are arranged all the parts of a verb.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A class of verbs conjugated in the same manner.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A kind of sexual union; -- applied to a blending of the contents of two or more cells or individuals in some plants and lower animals, by which new spores or germs are developed.</def>

<h1>Conjugational</h1>
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<hw>Con`ju*ga"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>relating to conjugation.</def>

<i>Ellis.</i>

<h1>Conjugial</h1>
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<hw>Con*ju"gi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conjugialis</ets>, fr. <ets>conjugium</ets>. Cf. <er>Conjugal</er>.]</ety> <def>Conjugal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Swedenborg.</i>

<h1>Conjugium</h1>
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<hw>Con*ju"gi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Law)</fld> <def>The marriage tie.</def>

<h1>Conjunct</h1>
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<hw>Con*junct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conjunctus</ets>, p.p. See <er>Conjoin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>United; conjoined; concurrent.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Conjoined</er>.</def>

<h1>Conjunction</h1>
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<hw>Con*junc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conjunctio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conjunction</ets>. See <er>Conjoin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of conjoining, or the state of being conjoined, united, or associated; union; association; league.</def>

<blockquote>He will unite the white rose and the red:
Smille heaven upon his fair <b>conjunction</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Man can effect no great matter by his personal strength but as he acts in society and <b>conjunction</b> with others.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The meeting of two or more stars or planets in the same degree of the zodiac; <as>as, the <ex>conjunction</ex> of the moon with the sun, or of Jupiter and Saturn</as>. See the Note under <er>Aspect</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 6.</def>

<note>&hand; Heavenly bodies are said to be in <i>conjunction</i> when they are seen in the same part of the heavens, or have the same longitude or right ascension. The <i>inferior</i> conjunction of an inferior planet is its position when in conjunction on the same side of the sun with the earth; the <i>superior</i> conjunction of a planet is its position when on the side of the sun most distant from the earth.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A connective or connecting word; an indeclinable word which serves to join together sentences, clauses of a sentence, or words; <as>as, <ex>and</ex>, <ex>but</ex>, <ex>if</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Though all <b>conjunctions</b> conjoin sentences, yet, with respect to the sense, some are conjunctive and some disjunctive.
<i>Harris.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conjunctional</h1>
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<hw>Con*junc"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to a conjunction.</def>

<h1>Conjunctiva</h1>
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<hw>Con`junc*ti"va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>conjunctivus</ets> connective.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The mucous membrane which covers the external surface of the ball of the eye and the inner surface of the lids; the conjunctival membrance.</def>

<h1>Conjunctival</h1>
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<hw>Con`junc*ti"val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Joining; connecting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the conjunctiva.</def>

<h1>Conjunctive</h1>
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<hw>Con*junc"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conjunctivus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Serving to unite; connecting together.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Closely united.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Conjunctive mood</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>the mood which follows a conjunction or expresses contingency; the subjunctive mood.</cd> -- <col>Conjunctive tissue</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the tissue found in nearly all parts of most animals. It yields gelatin on boiling, and consists of vriously arranged fibers which are imbedded protoplasmic cells, or corpuscles; -- called also <altname>cellular tissue</altname> and <altname>connective tissue</altname>. Adipose or fatty tissue is one of its many forms, and cartilage and bone are sometimes included by the phrase.</cd></cs>

<h1>Conjunctively</h1>
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<hw>Con*junc"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In conjunction or union; together.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Conjunctiveness</h1>
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<hw>Con*junc"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being conjunctive.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Conjunctivitis</h1>
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<hw>Con*junc`ti*vi"tis</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the conjunctiva.</def>

<h1>Conjunctly</h1>
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<hw>Con*junct"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In union; conjointly; unitedly; together.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Conjuncture</h1>
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<hw>Con*junc"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>conjoncture, LL. <ets>conjunctura</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of joining, or state of being joined; union; connection; combination.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>conjuncture</b> of philosophy and divinity.
<i>Hobbes.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A fit <b>conjuncture</b> or circumstances.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A crisis produced by a combination of circumstances; complication or combination of events or circumstances; plight resulting from various conditions.</def>

<blockquote>He [Chesterfield] had recently governed Ireland, at a momentous <b>conjuncture</b>, with eminent firmness, wisdom, and humanity.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conjuration</h1>
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<hw>Con`ju*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conjuratio</ets>, cf. F. <ets>conjuration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of calling or summoning by a sacred name, or in solemn manner; the act of binding by an oath; an earnest entreaty; adjuration.</def>

<blockquote>We charge you, in the name of God, take heed; . . .
Under this <b>conjuration</b> speak, my lord.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or process of invoking supernatural aid by the use of a magical form of words; the practice of magic arts; incantation; enchantment.</def>

<blockquote>Pretended <b>conjurations</b> and prophecies of that event.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A league for a criminal purpose; conspiracy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>conjuration</i> of Catiline."

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Conjurator</h1>
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<hw>Con"ju*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>One who swears or is sworn with others; one bound by oath with others; a compurgator.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Conjure</h1>
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<hw>Con*jure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Conjured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Conjuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>conjurer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>conjurare</ets> to swear together, to conspire; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>jurare</ets> to swear. See <er>Jury</er>.]</ety> <def>To call on or summon by a sacred name or in solemn manner; to implore earnestly; to adjure.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>conjure</b> you, let him know,
Whate'er was done against him, Cato did it.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conjure</h1>
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<hw>Con*jure"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To combine together by an eath; to conspire; to confederate.</def> <mark>[A Latinism]</mark>

<blockquote>Drew after him the third part of Heaven's sons
<b>Conjured</b> against the Highest.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conjure</h1>
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<hw>Con"jure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To affect or effect by conjuration; to call forth or send away by magic arts; to excite or alter, as if by magic or by the aid of supernatural powers.</def>

<blockquote>The habitation which your prophet . . . <b>conjured</b> the devil into.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To conjure up</col>, <cd>or make visible, as a spirit, by magic arts; hence, to invent; as, <i>to conjure up<i> a story; <i>to conjure up<i> alarms.</cd></cs>

<h1>Conjure</h1>
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<hw>Con"jure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To practice magical arts; to use the tricks of a conjurer; to juggle; to charm.</def>

<blockquote>She <b>conjures</b>; away with her.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conjurement</h1>
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<hw>Con*jure"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Serious injunction; solemn demand or entreaty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Conjurer</h1>
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<hw>Con*jur"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who conjures; one who calls, entreats, or charges in a solemn manner.</def>

<h1>Conjurer</h1>
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<hw>Con"jur*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who practices magic arts; one who pretends to act by the aid super natural power; also, one who performs feats of legerdemain or sleight of hand.</def>

<blockquote>Dealing with witches and with <b>conjurers</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>From the account the loser brings,
The <b>conjurer</b> knows who stole the things.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who conjectures shrewdly or judges wisely; a man of sagacity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Conjuror</h1>
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<hw>Con*ju"ror</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One bound by a common cath with others.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Conjury</h1>
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<hw>Con"ju*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice of magic; enchantment.</def>

<i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Conn</h1>
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<hw>Conn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Con</er>, to direct a ship.</def>

<h1>Connascence, Connascency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Con*nas"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Con*nas"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>nascentia</ets> birth, fr. <ets>nascens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>nasci</ets> to be born.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The common birth of two or more at the same tome; production of two or more together.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is born or produced with another.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of growing together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Connascent</h1>
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<hw>Con*nas"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Born together; produced at the same time.</def>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>Connate</h1>
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<hw>Con"nate</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>connatus</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>natus</ets> born, p.p. of <ets>nasci</ets>. <ets>See</ets> <er>Cognate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Born with another; being of the same birth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Congenital; existing from birth.</def> "<i>Connate</i> notions."

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>A difference has been made by some; those diseases or conditions which are dependent on original conformation being called <b>congenital</b>; while the diseases of affections that may have supervened during gestation or delivery are called <b>connate</b>.
<i>Dunglison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Congenitally united; growing from one base, or united at their bases; united into one body; <as>as, <ex>connate</ex> leaves or athers</as>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Connate-perfoliate</er>.</def>

<h1>Connate-perfoliate</h1>
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<hw>Con"nate-per*fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Connate or coalescent at the base so as to produce a broad foliaceous body through the center of which the stem passes; -- applied to leaves, as the leaves of the boneset.</def>

<h1>Connation</h1>
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<hw>Con*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Connection by birth; natural union.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Connatural</h1>
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<hw>Con*nat"u*ral</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a. </tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>natural</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Connected by nature; united in nature; inborn; inherent; natural.</def>

<blockquote>These affections are <b>connatural</b> to us.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Partaking of the same nature.</def>

<blockquote>And mix with our <b>connatural</b> dust.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Connaturality</h1>
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<hw>Con*nat`u*ral"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Participation of the same nature; natural union or connection.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A congruity and <b>connaturality</b> between them.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Connaturalize</h1>
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<hw>Con*nat"u*ral*ize</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bring to the same nature as something else; to adapt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. J. Scott.</i>

<h1>Connaturally</h1>
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<hw>Con*nat"u*ral*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By the act of nature; originally; from birth.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Connaturalness</h1>
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<hw>Con*nat"u*ral*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Participation of the same nature; natural union.</def>

<i>I. Walton.</i>

<h1>Connature</h1>
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<hw>Con*na"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Participation in a common nature or character.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Connature</b> was defined as likeness in kind between either two changes in consciousness, or two states of consciousness.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Connect</h1>
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<hw>Con*nect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Connected</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Connecting</er>>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>connectere</ets>, <ets>-nexum</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>nectere</ets> to bind. See <er>Annex</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To join, or fasten together, as by something intervening; to associate; to combine; to unite or link together; to establish a bond or relation between.</def>

<blockquote>He fills, he bounds, <b>connect</b> and equals all.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A man must the connection of each intermediate idea with those that it <b>connects</b> before he can use it in a syllogism.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To associate (a person or thing, or one's self) with another person, thing, business, or affair.</def>

<cs><col>Connecting rod</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a rod or bar joined to, and connecting, two or more moving parts; esp. a rod connecting a crank wrist with a beam, crosshead, piston rod, or piston, as in a steam engine.</cd></cs>

<h1>Connect</h1>
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<hw>Con*nect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To join, unite, or cohere; to have a close relation; <as>as, one line of railroad <ex>connects</ex> with another; one argument <ex>connect</ex> with another.</as></def>

<h1>Connectedly</h1>
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<hw>Con*nect"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a connected manner.</def>

<h1>Connection</h1>
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<hw>Con*nec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Connexion</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of connecting, or the state of being connected; junction; union; alliance; relationship.</def>

<blockquote>He [Algazel] denied the possibility of a known <b>connection</b> between cause and effect.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The eternal and inserable <b>connection</b> between virtue and hapiness.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which connects or joins together; bond; tie.</def>

<blockquote>Any sort of <b>connection</b> which is perceived or imagined between two or more things.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A relation; esp. a person connected with another by marriage rather than by blood; -- used in a loose and indefinite, and sometimes a comprehensive, sense.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The persons or things that are connected; <as>as, a business <ex>connection</ex>; the Methodist <ex>connection</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Men elevated by powerful <b>connection</b>.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>At the head of a strong parliamentary <b>connection</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whose names, forces, <b>connections</b>, and characters were perfectly known to him.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>In this connection</col>, <cd>in connection with this subject. <note>[A phrase objected to by some writers.]</note></cd></cs>

<note>&hand; This word was formerly written, as by Milton, with <i>x</i> instead of <i>t</i> in the termination, <i>connexion</i>, and the same thing is true of the kindred words <i>inflexion</i>, <i>reflexion</i>, and the like. But the general usage at present is to spell them <i>connection</i>, <i>inflection</i>, <i>reflection</i>, etc.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Union; coherence; continuity; junction; association; dependence; intercourse; commerce; communication; affinity; relationship.</syn>

<h1>Connective</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*nect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Connecting, or adapted to connect; involving connection.</def>

<cs><col>Connection tissue</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Conjunctive tissue</cref>, under <er>Conjunctive</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Connective</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*nect"ive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which connects</def>. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word that connect words or sentences; a conjunction or preposition.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>That part of an anther which connects its thec\'91, lobes, or cells.</def>

<h1>Connectively</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*nect"ive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In connjunction; jointly.</def>

<h1>Connector</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*nect"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, connects</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A flexible tube for connecting the ends of glass tubes in pneumatic experiments.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A device for holding two parts of an electrical conductor in contact.</def></def>

<h1>Conner</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cunner</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> A marine European fish (<spn>Crenilabrus melops</spn>); also, the related American cunner. See <er>Cunner</er>.</def>

<h1>Connex</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*nex"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>connexus</ets>, p.p. See <er>Connect</er>.]</ety> <def>To connect.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Connexion</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*nex"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>connexio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>connexion</ets>.]</ety> <def>Connection. See <er>Connection</er>.</def>

<h1>Connexive</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*nex"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Connective</er>.</def>

<h1>Conning tower</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con"ning tow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The shotproof pilot house of a war vessel.</def>

<h1>Connivance</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*niv"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>connivence</ets>, L. <ets>conniventia</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Intentional failure or forbearance to discover a fault or wrongdoing; voluntary oversight; passive consent or co<?/peration.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Corrupt or guilty assent to wrongdoing, not involving actual participation in, but knowledge of, and failure to prevent or oppose it.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Collusion</er>.</syn>

<h1>Connive</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*nive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Connived</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Conniving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>connivere</ets> to shut the eues, connive, fr. <ets>con-</ets> + (perh.) a word akin to <ets>nicere</ets> to beckon, <ets>nictare</ets> to wink.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To open and close the eyes rapidly; to wink.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The artist is to teach them how to nod judiciously, and to <b>connive</b> with either eye.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To close the eyes upon a fault; to wink (at); to fail or forbear by intention to discover an act; to permit a proceeding, as if not aware of it; -- usually followed by <i>at</i>.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>connive</b> at what it does not approve.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In many of these, the directors were heartily concurring; in most of them, they were encouraging, and sometimes commanding; in all they were <b>conniving</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The government thought it expedient, occasionally, to <b>connive</b> at the violation of this rule.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Connive</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*nive"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shut the eyes to; to overlook; to pretend not to see.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark> "Divorces were not <i>connived</i> only, but with eye open allowed."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Connivency</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*niv"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Connivance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Connivent</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*niv"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>connivens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Forbearing to see; designedly inattentive; <as>as, <ex>connivent</ex> justice</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Brought close together; arched inward so that the points meet; converging; in close contact; <as>as, the <ex>connivent</ex> petals of a flower, wings of an insect, or folds of membrane in the human system, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Conniver</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*niv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who connives.</def>

<h1>Connoisseur</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con`nois*seur"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>connaisseur</ets>, formerly <ets>connoisseur</ets>, fr. <ets>conna\'8ctre</ets> to know, fr. L. <ets>cognoscere</ets> to become acquainted with; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>noscere</ets>, <ets>gnoscere</ets>, to learn to know. See <er>Know</er>, <er>amd cf</er>. <er>Cognizor</er>.]</ety> <def>One well versed in any subject; a skillful or knowing person; a critical judge of any art, particulary of one of the fine arts.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>connoisseur</b> is "one who knows," as opposed to the dilettant, who only "thinks he knows."
<i>Fairholt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Connoisseurship</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con`nois*seur"ship</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being a connoisseur.</def>

<h1>Connotate</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con"no*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>notatus</ets>, p.p.of <ets>notare</ets> to mark. Cf. <er>Connote</er>.]</ety> <def>To connote; to suggest or designate (something) as additional; to include; to imply.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Connotation</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con`no*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>connotation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of connoting; a making known or designating something additional; implication of something more than is asserted.</def>

<h1>Connotative</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*no"ta*tive</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>  <p><b>1.</b> <def>Implying something additional; illative.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Log.)</fld> <def>Implying an attribute. See <er>Connote</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Connotative term</col>, <cd>one which denotes a subject and implies an attribute.</cd></cs>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Connotatively</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*no"ta*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a connotative manner; expressing connotation.</def>

<h1>Connote</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*note"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Connoted</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Connoting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Connotate</er>, and <er>Note</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To mark along with; to suggest or indicate as additional; to designate by implication; to include in the meaning; to imply.</def>

<blockquote>Good, in the general notion of it, <b>connotes</b> also a certain suitableness of it to some other thing.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>To imply as an attribute.</def>

<blockquote>The word "white" denotes all white things, as snow, paper, the foam of the sea, etc., and ipmlies, or as it was termed by the schoolmen, <b>connotes</b>, the attribute "whiteness."
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Connubial</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*nu"bi*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>connubialis</ets>, fr. <ets>connubium</ets> marriage; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>nubere</ets> to veil, to marry. See <er>Nupital</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to marriage, or the marriage state; conjugal; nuptial.</def>

<blockquote>Nor Eve the rites
Mysterious of <b>connubial</b> love refused.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Kind, <b>connubial</b> tenderness.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Connubiality</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*nu`bi*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being connubial; something characteristics of the conjugal state; an expression of connubial tenderness.</def>

<blockquote>Some <b>connubialities</b> which had begun to pass between Mr. and Mrs. B.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Connumeration</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*nu`mer*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>connumeratio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>connumerare</ets>, <ets>-numeratum</ets>, to number with.]</ety> <def>A reckoning together.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Porson.</i>

<h1>Connusance</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con"nu*sance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Cognizance</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Connusant</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con"nu*sant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Cognizant</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Connusor</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con`nu*sor"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Cognizor</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Connutritious</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con`nu*tri"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Nutritious by force of habit; -- said of certain kinds of food.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Conny</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<?/ 45. Cf. <er>Canny</er>, <er>Gunning</er>.]</ety> <def>Brave; fine; canny.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Grose.</i>

<h1>Conodont</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Co"no*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cone + <?/, <?/, tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A peculiar toothlike fossil of many forms, found especially in carboniferous rocks. Such fossils are supposed by some to be the teeth of marsipobranch fishes, but they are probably the jaws of annelids.</def>

<h1>Conoid</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Co"noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ conical; <?/ cone + <?/ from: cf. F. <ets>cono\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything that has a form resembling that of a cone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A solid formed by the revolution of a conic section about its axis; <as>as, a parabolic <ex>conoid</ex>, elliptic conoid, etc.</as>; -- more commonly called <altname>paraboloid</altname>, <altname>ellipsoid</altname>, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A surface which may be generated by a straight line moving in such a manner as always to meet a given straight line and a given curve, and continue parallel to a given plane.</def>

<i>Math. Dict.</i>

<h1>Conoid</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Co"noid</hw><def>, Resembling a cone; conoidal.</def>

<h1>Conoidal</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Co*noid"al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cono\'8bdal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Nearly, but not exactly, conical.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<h1>Conoidic, Conoidical</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw><hw>Co*noid"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Co*noid"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a conoid; having the form of a conoid.</def>

<h1>Conominee</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Co*nom`i*nee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One nominated in conjunction with another; a joint nominee.</def>

<i>Kirby.</i>

<h1>Conquadrate</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*quad"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conquadratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conquadrare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To bring into a square.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Conquassate</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*quas"sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conquassatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conquassare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To shake; to agitate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Con`quas*sa"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Conquer</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con"quer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Conquered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Conquering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>conquerre</ets>, F. <ets>conqu\'82rir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>conquirere</ets>, <ets>-quisitum</ets>, to seek or search for, to bring together, LL., to conquer; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>quaerere</ets> to seek. See <er>Quest</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To gain or acquire by force; to take possession of by violent means; to gain dominion over; to subdue by physical means; to reduce; to overcome by force of arms; to cause to yield; to vanquish.</def> "If thou <i>conquer</i> Rome."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>If we be <b>conquer'd</b>, let men <b>conquer</b> us.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We <b>conquered</b> France, but felt our captive's charms.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To subdue or overcome by mental or moral power; to surmount; <as>as, to <ex>conquer</ex> difficulties, temptatin, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>By winning words to <b>conquer</b> hearts,
And make persuasion do the work of fear.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To gain or obtain, overcoming obstacles in the way; to win; <as>as, to <ex>conquer</ex> freedom; to <ex>conquer</ex> a peace.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To subdue; vanquish; overcome; overpower; overthrow; defeat; rout; discomfit; subjugate; reduce; humble; crush; surmount; subject; master.</syn> <usage> -- <er>To Conquer</er>, <er>Vanquish</er>, <er>Subdue</er>, <er>Subjugate</er>, <er>Overcome</er>. These words agree in the general idea expressed by <i>overcome</i>, -- that of bringing under one's power by the exertion of force. <i>Conquer</i> is wider and more general than <i>vanquish</i>, denoting usually a succession of conflicts. <i>Vanquish</i> is more individual, and refers usually to a single conflict. Thus, Alexander <i>conquered</i> Asia in a succession of battles, and <i>vanquished</i> Darius in one decisive engagement. <i>Subdue</i> implies a more gradual and continual pressure, but a surer and more final subjection. We speak of a nation as <i>subdued</i> when its spirit is at last broken, so that no further resistance is offered. <i>Subjugate</i> is to bring completely under the yoke of bondage. The ancient Gauls were never finally <i>subdued</i> by the Romans until they were completely <i>subjugated</i>. These words, when used figuratively, have correspondent meanings. We <i>conquer</i> our prejudices or aversions by a succesion of conflicts; but we sometimes <i>vanquish</i> our reluctance to duty by one decided effort: we endeavor to <i>subdue</i> our evil propensities by watchful and persevering exertions. <i>Subjugate</i> is more commonly taken in its primary meaning, and when used figuratively has generally a bad sense; as, his reason was completely <i>subjugated</i> to the sway of his passions.</usage>

<h1>Conquer</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con"quer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To gain the victory; to overcome; to prevail.</def>

<blockquote>He went forth <b>conquering</b> and to <b>conquer</b>.
<i>Rev. vi. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The champions resolved to <b>conquer</b> or to die.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conquerable</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*quer*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being conquered or subdued.</def>

<i>South.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Con"quer*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Conqueress</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con"quer*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who conquers.</def>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Conqueror</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con"quer*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>conquereor</ets>, fr. <ets>conquerre</ets>,]</ety> <def>One who conquers.</def>

<cs><col>The Conqueror</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>. <cd>William the Norman (1027-1067) who invaded England, defeated Harold in the battle of Hastings, and was crowned king, in 1066.</cd></cs>

<h1>Conquest</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con"quest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>conquest</ets>, <ets>conqueste</ets>, F. <ets>conqu\'88te</ets>, LL. <ets>conquistum</ets>, <ets>conquista</ets>, prop. p.p. from L. <ets>conquirere</ets>. See <er>Conquer</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of conquering, or acquiring by force; the act of overcoming or subduing opposition by force, whether physical or moral; subjection; subjugation; victory.</def>

<blockquote><b>In joys of conquest</b> he resigns his breath.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Three years sufficed for the <b>conquest</b> of the country.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is conquered; possession gained by force, physical or moral.</def>

<blockquote>Wherefore rejoice? What <b>conquest</b> brings he home?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>The acquiring of property by other means than by inheritance; acquisition.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of gaining or regaining by successful strugle; <as>as, the <ex>conquest</ex> of liberty or peace</as>.</def>

<cs><col>The Conquest</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd><i>the subjugation of England by William of Normandy in 1066<i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Victory; triumph; mastery; reduction; subjugation; subjection.</syn>

<h1>Consanguineal</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con`san*guin"e*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the same blood; related by birth.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Consanguined</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*san"guined</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of kin blood; related.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Consanguineous</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con`san*guin"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conguineus</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sanguis</ets> blood: cf. F. <ets>consanguin</ets>. See <er>Sanquine</er>.]</ety> <def>Of the same blood; related by birth; descended from the same parent or ancestor.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Consanguinity</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con`san*guin"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consanguinitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>consanguintit<?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>The relation of person by blood, is distinction from <i>affinity</i> or relation by marriage; blood relationship; <as>as, lineal <ex>consanguinity</ex>; collateral <ex>consanguinity</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Invoking aid by the ties of <b>consanguinity</b>.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consarcination</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con*sar`ci*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consarcinare</ets>, <ets>-natum</ets>, to patch together.]</ety> <def>A patching together; patchwork.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Conscience</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con"science</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>conscience</ets>, fr. L. <ets>conscientia</ets>, fr. consciens, p.pr. of conscire to know, to be conscious; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>scire</ets> to know. See <er>Science</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Knowledge of one's own thoughts or actions; consciousness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The sweetest cordial we receive, at last,
Is <b>conscience</b> of our virtuous actions past.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The faculty, power, or inward principle which decides as to the character of one's own actions, purposes, and affections, warning against and condemning that which is wrong, and approving and prompting to that which is right; the moral faculty passing judgment on one's self; the moral sense.</def>

<blockquote>My <b>conscience</b> hath a thousand several tongues,
And every tongue brings in a several tale,
And every tale condemns me for a villain.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As <b>science</b> means <b>knowledge</b>, <b>conscience</b> etymologically means <b>self-knowledge</b> . . . But the English word implies a moral standard of action in the mind as well as a consciousness of our own actions. . . . <b>Conscience</b> is the reason, employed about questions of right and wrong, and accompanied with the sentiments of approbation and condemnation.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The estimate or determination of conscience; conviction or right or duty.</def>

<blockquote><b>Conscience</b> supposes the existence of some such [<it>i.e.</it>, moral] faculty, and properly signifies our consciousness of having acted agreeably or contrary to its directions.
<i>Adam Smith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Tenderness of feeling; pity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Conscience clause</col>, <cd>a clause in a general law exempting persons whose religious scruples forbid compliance therewith, -- as from taking judicial oaths, rendering military service, etc.</cd> -- <col>Conscience money</col>, <cd>stolen or wrongfully acquired money that is voluntarily restored to the rightful possessor. Such money paid into the United States treasury by unknown debtors is called the <i>Conscience fund<i>.</cd> -- <col>Court of Conscience</col>, <cd>a court established for the recovery of small debts, in London and other trading cities and districts. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd> <i>Blackstone.</i> -- <mcol><col>In conscience</col>, <col>In all conscience</col></mcol>, <cd>in deference or obedience to conscience or reason; in reason; reasonably.</cd> "This is enough <i>in conscience</i>." <i>Howell.</i> "Half a dozen fools are, <i>in all conscience</i>, as many as you should require." <i>Swift.</i> </cd> -- <mcol><col>To make conscience of</col>, <col>To make a matter of conscience</col></mcol>, <cd>to act according to the dictates of conscience concerning (any matter), or to scruple to act contrary to its dictates.</cd></cs>

<h1>Conscienced</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con"scienced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a conscience.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Soft-<b>conscienced</b> men." <i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Conscienceless</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con"science*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without conscience; indifferent to conscience; unscrupulous.</def>

<blockquote><b>Conscienceless</b> and wicked patrons.
<i>Hookre.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conscient</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con"scient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consciens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>Conscious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Conscientious</h1>
<Xpage=304>

<hw>Con`sci*en"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>consciencieux</ets>, LL. <ets>conscientiosus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Influenced by conscience; governed by a strict regard to the dictates of conscience, or by the known or supposed rules of right and wrong; -- said of a person.</def>

<blockquote>The advice of wise and <b>conscientious</b> men.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="306">
Page 306<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by a regard to conscience; conformed to the dictates of conscience; -- said of actions.</def>

<blockquote>A holy and <b>conscientious</b> course.
<i>Abp. Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Scrupulous; exact; faithful; just; upright.</syn>

<h1>Conscientiously</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con`sci*en"tious*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a conscientious manner; as a matter of conscience; hence; faithfully; accurately; completely.</def>

<h1>Conscientiousness</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con`sci*en"tious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being conscientious; a scrupulous regard to the dictates of conscience.</def>

<h1>Conscionable</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con"scion*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Irregularly formed fr. <ets>conscience</ets>.]</ety> <def>Governed by, or according to, conscience; reasonable; just.</def>

<blockquote>Let my debtors have <b>conscionable</b> satisfaction.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conscionableness</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con"scion*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being conscionable; reasonableness.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Conscionably</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con"scion*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Reasonably; justly.</def>

<h1>Conscious</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con"scious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conscius</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>scire</ets> to know. See <er>Conscience</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessing the faculty of knowing one's own thoughts or mental operations.</def>

<blockquote>Some are thinking or <b>conscious</b> beings, or have a power of thought.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Possessing knowledge, whether by internal, conscious experience or by external observation; cognizant; aware; sensible.</def>

<blockquote>Her <b>conscious</b> heart imputed suspicion where none could have been felt.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The man who breathes most healthilly is least <b>conscious</b> of his own breathing.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Made the object of consciousness; known to one's self; <as>as, <ex>conscious</ex> guilt</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>conscious</b> terrors vex me round.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Aware; apprised; sensible; felt; known.</syn>

<h1>Consciously</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con"scious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a conscious manner; with knowledge of one's own mental operations or actions.</def>

<h1>Consciousness</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con"scious*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being conscious; knowledge of one's own existence, condition, sensations, mental operations, acts, etc.</def>

<blockquote><b>Consciousness</b> is thus, on the one hand, the recognition by the mind or "ego" of its acts and affections; -- in other words, the self-affirmation that certain modifications are known by me, and that these modifications are mine.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Immediate knowledge or perception of the presence of any object, state, or sensation. See the Note under <er>Attention</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Annihilate the <b>consciousness</b> of the object, you annihilate the <b>consciousness</b> of the operation.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And, when the steam
Which overflowed the soul had passed away,
A <b>consciousness</b> remained that it had left.
 . . . images and precious thoughts
That shall not die, and can not be destroyed.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>consciousness</b> of wrong brought with it the <b>consciousness</b> of weakness.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Feeling, persuasion, or expectation; esp., inward sense of guilt or innocence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>An honest mind is not in the power of a dishonest: to break its peace there must be some guilt or <b>consciousness</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conscribe</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*scribe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conscribere</ets>. See <er>Conscript</er>.]</ety> <def>To enroll; to enlist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<h1>Conscript</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con"script</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conscriptus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conscribere</ets> to write together, to enroll; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>scribere</ets> to write. See <er>Scribe</er>.]</ety> <def>Enrolled; written; registered.</def>

<cs><col>Conscript fathers</col> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>the senators of ancient Rome. When certain new senators were first enrolled with the "fathers" the body was called <i>Patres et Conscripti<i>; afterward all were called <i>Patres conscripti<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Conscript</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con"script</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One taken by lot, or compulsorily enrolled, to serve as a soldier or sailor.</def>

<h1>Conscript</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*script"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To enroll, by compulsion, for military service.</def>

<h1>Conscription</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*scrip"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conscriptio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conscription</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An enrolling or registering.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>conscription</b> of men of war.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A compulsory enrollment of men for military or naval service; a draft.</def>

<h1>Conscription</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*scrip"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to, or of the nature of, a conspiration.</def>

<h1>Consecrate</h1>
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<hw>Con"se*crate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consceratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conscerare</ets> to conscerate; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sacrare</ets> to consecrate, <ets>sacer</ets> sacred. See <er>Sacred</er>.]</ety> <def>Consecrated; devoted; dedicated; sacred.</def>

<blockquote>They were assembled in that <b>consecrate</b> place.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consecrate</h1>
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<hw>Con"se*crate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Consecrated</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Consecrating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make, or declare to be, sacred; to appropriate to sacred uses; to set apart, dedicate, or devote, to the service or worship of God; <as>as, to <ex>consecrate</ex> a church; to give (one's self) unreservedly, as to the service of God.</as></def>

<blockquote>One day in the week is . . . <b>consecrated</b> to a holy rest.
<i>Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To set apart to a sacred office; <as>as, to <ex>consecrate</ex> a bishop</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt <b>consecrate</b> Aaron and his sons.
<i>Ex. xxix. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To canonize; to exalt to the rank of a saint; to enroll among the gods, as a Roman emperor.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To render venerable or revered; to hallow; to dignify; <as>as, rules or principles <ex>consecrated</ex> by time</as>.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Addict</er>.</syn>

<h1>Consecrater</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con"se*cra`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Consecrator.</def>

<h1>Consecration</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con`se*cra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consecratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cons\'82cration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or ceremony of consecrating; the state of being consecrated; dedication.</def>

<blockquote>Until the days of your <b>consecration</b> be at an end.
<i>Lev. viii. 33.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Consecration</b> makes not a place sacred, but only solemny declares it so.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consecrator</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con"se*cra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who consecrates; one who performs the rites by which a person or thing is devoted or dedicated to sacred purposes.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>consecrater</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Consecratory</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con"se*cra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>  <def>Of or pertaining to the act of consecration; dedicatory.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>consecratory</b> prayer.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consectaneous</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con`sec*ta"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consectaneus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Following as a matter of course.</def>

<i>Blount.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consectary</h1>
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<hw>Con"sec*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consectarius</ets>, fr. <ets>consectari</ets> to follow after eagerly; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sectari</ets> to follow eagerly, fr. <ets>sequi</ets> to follow.]</ety> <def>Following by consequence; consequent; deducible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Consectary</i> impieties."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Consectary</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con"sec*ta*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which follows by consequence or is logically deducible; deduction from premises; corollary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Consecute</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con"se*cute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To follow closely; to endeavor to overtake; to pursue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Consecution</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con`se*cu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consecutio</ets>. See <er>Consequent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A following, or sequel; actual or logical dependence.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A succession or series of any kind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir I. Newton.</i>

<cs><col>Month of consecution</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a month as reckoned from one conjunction of the moon with the sun to another.</cd></cs>

<h1>Consecutive</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*sec"u*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cons\'82cutif</ets>. See <er>Consequent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Following in a train; suceeding one another in a regular order; successive; uninterrupted in course or succession; with no interval or break; <as>as, fifty <ex>consecutive</ex> years</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Following as a consequence or result; actually or logically dependent; consequential; succeeding.</def>

<blockquote>The actions of a man <b>consecutive</b> to volition.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Having similarity of sequence; -- said of certain parallel progressions of two parts in a piece of harmony; <as>as, <ex>consecutive</ex> fifths, or <ex>consecutive</ex> octaves, which are forbidden</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Consecutive chords</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>chords of the same kind suceeding one another without interruption.</cd></cs>

<h1>Consecutively</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*sec"u*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a consecutive manner; by way of sequence; successively.</def>

<h1>Consecutiveness</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*sec"u*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being consecutive.</def>

<h1>Consension</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*sen"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consensio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Agreement; accord.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Consensual</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*sen"su*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Consent</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and cf. <er>Sensual</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Existing, or made, by the mutual consent of two or more parties.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Excited or caused by sensation, sympathy, or reflex action, and not by conscious volition; <as>as, <ex>consensual</ex> motions</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Consensual contract</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a contract formed merely by consent, as a marriage contract.</cd></cs>

<h1>Consensus</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*sen"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Consent</er>.]</ety> <def>Agreement; accord; consent.</def>

<blockquote>That traditional <b>consensus</b> of society which we call public opinion.
<i>Tylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consent</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*sent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Consented</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n</tt> <er>Consenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>consentir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>consentire</ets>, <ets>-sensum</ets>, to feel together, agree; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sentire</ets> to feel. See Sense.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To agree in opinion or sentiment; to be of the same mind; to accord; to concur.</def>

<blockquote>And Saul was <b>consenting</b> unto his death.
<i>Acts. viii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Flourishing many years before Wyclif, and much <b>consenting</b> with him in jugdment.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To indicate or express a willingness; to yield to guidance, persuasion, or necessity; to give assent or approval; to comply.</def>

<blockquote>My poverty, but not my will, <b>consents</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And whispering "I will ne'er consent," -- <b>consented</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To accede; yield; assent; comply; agree; allow; concede; permit; admit; concur; acquiesce.</syn>

<h1>Consent</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*sent"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To grant; to allow; to assent to; to admit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Interpreters . . . will not <b>consent</b> it to be a true story.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consent</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*sent"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>consent</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Agreement in opinion or sentiment; the being of one mind; accord.</def>

<blockquote>All with one <b>consent</b> began to make exuse.
<i>Luke xiv. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They feil together all, as by <b>consent</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Correspondence in parts, qualities, or operations; agreement; harmony; coherence.</def>

<blockquote>The melodious <b>consent</b> of the birds.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Such is the world's great harmony that springs
From union, order, full <b>consent</b> of things.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Voluntary accordance with, or concurrence in, what is done or proposed by another; acquiescence; compliance; approval; permission.</def>

<blockquote>Thou wert possessed of David's throne
By free <b>consent</b> of all.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Capable, deliberate, and voluntary assent or agreement to, or concurrence in, some act or purpose, implying physical and mental power and free action.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Sympathy. See <er>Sympathy</er>, 4.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Assent; acquiescence; concurrence; agreement; approval; permission. See <er>Assent</er>.</syn>

<cs><col>Age of consent</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an age, fixed by statute and varying in different jurisdictions, at which one is competent to give consent. Sexual intercourse with a female child under the age of consent is punishable as rape.</cd></cs>

<h1>Consentaneity</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*sen`ta*ne"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mutual agreement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Consentaneous</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con`sen*ta"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consentaneus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consistent; agreeable; suitable; accordant to; harmonious; concurrent.</def>

<blockquote>A good law and <b>consentaneous</b> to reason.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Con`sen*ta"ne*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Con`sen*ta"ne*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Consentant</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*sent"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. pr. of <ets>consentir</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consenting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Consenter</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*sent"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>One who consents.</def>

<h1>Consentient</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*sen"tient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consentients</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Consent</er>.]</ety> <def>Agreeing in mind; accordant.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>consentient</b> judgment of the church.
<i>Bp. Pearson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consentingly</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*sent"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With consent; in a compliant manner.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consequence</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con"se*quence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., <ets>consequentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cons\'82quence</ets>. See <er>Consequent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which follows something on which it depends; that which is produced by a cause; a result.</def>

<blockquote>Shun to taste,
And shun the bitter <b>consequence</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A proposition collected from the agreement of other previous propositions; any conclusion which results from reason or argument; inference.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Chain of causes and effects; consecution.</def>

<blockquote>Such fatal <b>consequence</b> unites us three.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Link follows link by necessary <b>consequence</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Importance with respect to what comes after; power to influence or produce an effect; value; moment; rank; distinction.</def>

<blockquote>It is a matter of small <b>consequence</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A sense of your own worth and <b>consequence</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>In consequence</col>, <cd>hence; for this cause.</cd> -- <col>In consequence of</col>, <cd>by reason of; as the effect of.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Effect; result; end. See <er>Effect</er>.</syn>

<h1>Consequencing</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con"se*quen`cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Drawing inference.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Consequent</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con"se*quent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consequens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>consequi</ets> to follow; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sequi to follow</ets>: <ets>cf</ets>. <ets>F</ets>. <ets>cons\'82quent</ets>. See <er>Second</er>, and cf. <er>Consecution</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Following as a result, inference, or natural effect.</def>

<blockquote>The right was <b>consequent</b> to, and built on, an act perfectly personal.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Following by necessary inference or rational deduction; <as>as, a proposition <ex>consequent</ex> to other propositions</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Consequent points</col>, <col>Consequent poles</col></mcol> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld>, <cd>a number of poles distributed under certain conditions, along the axis of a magnetized steel bar, which regularly has but the two poles at the extremities.</cd></cs>

<h1>Consequent</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con"se*quent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which follows, or results from, a cause; a result or natural effect.</def>

<blockquote>They were ill-governed, which is always a <b>consequent</b> of ill payment.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>That which follows from propositions by rational deduction; that which is deduced from reasoning or argumentation; a conclusion, or inference.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The second term of a ratio, as the term <i>b</i> in the ratio <mathex>a:b</mathex>, the first <i>a</i>, being the <i>antecedent</i>.</def>

<h1>Consequential</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con`se*quen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Following as a consequence, result, or logical inference; consequenment.</def>

<blockquote>All that is revealed in Scripture has a <b>consequential</b> necessity of being believed . . . because it is of divine authority.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These kind of arguments . . . are highly <b>consequential</b> and concludent to my purpose.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Assuming or exhibiting an air of consequence; pretending to importance; pompous; self-important; <as>as, a <ex>consequential</ex> man</as>. See <er>Consequence</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<blockquote>His stately and <b>consequential</b> pace.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Consequential damage</col> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Damage so remote as not to be actionable</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Damage which although remote is actionable.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>Actionable damage, but not following as an immediate result of an act.</cd></cs>

<h1>Consequentially</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con`se*quen"tial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With just deduction of consequence; with right connection of ideas; logically.</def>

<blockquote>The faculty of writing <b>consequentially</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By remote consequence; not immediately; eventually; <as>as, to do a thing <ex>consequentially</ex></as>.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In a regular series; in the order of cause and effect; with logical concatenation; consecutively; continuously.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>With assumed importance; pompously.</def>

<h1>Consequentialness</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con`se*quen"tial*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being consequential.</def>

<h1>Consequently</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con"se*quent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By consequence; by natural or logical sequence or connection.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Accordingly</er>.</syn>

<h1>Consertion</h1>
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<hw>Con*ser"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consertio</ets>, fr. <ets>conserere</ets>, <ets>-sertum</ets> to connect; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>serere</ets> to join.]</ety> <def>Junction; adaptation</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Consertion</b> of design, how exquisite.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conservable</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*serv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conservabilitis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being preserved from decay or injury.</def>

<h1>Conservancy</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*serv"an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Conservation, as from injury, defilement, or irregular use.</def>

<blockquote>[An act was] passed in 1866, for vesting in the Conservators of the River Thames the <b>conservancy</b> of the Thames and Isis.
<i>Mozley & W.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conservant</h1>
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<hw>Con*serv"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conservans</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>Having the power or quality of conservation.</def>

<h1>Conservation</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con`ser*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conservatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conservation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of preserving, guarding, or protecting; the keeping (of a thing) in a safe or entire state; preservation.</def>

<blockquote>A step necessary for the <b>conservation</b> of Protestantism.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A state without the means of some change is without the means of its <b>conservation</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Conservation of areas</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the principle that the radius vector drawn from a planet to the sun sweeps over equal areas in equal times.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Conservation of energy</col>, &or; <col>Conservation of force</col></mcol> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the principle that the total energy of any material system is a quantity which can neither be increased nor diminished by any action between the parts of the system, though it may be transformed into any of the forms of which energy is susceptible.</cd></cs>

<i>Clerk Maxwell.</i>

<h1>Conservational</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con`ser*va"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to conserve; preservative.</def>

<h1>Conservatism</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*serv"a*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>conservatism</ets>.]</ety> <def>The disposition and tendency to preserve what is established; opposition to change; the habit of mind; or conduct, of a conservative.</def>

<h1>Conservative</h1>
<Xpage=306>

<hw>Con*serv"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>conservatif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having power to preserve in a safe of entire state, or from loss, waste, or injury; preservative.</def>

<hr>
<page="307">
Page 307<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tending or disposed to maintain existing institutions; opposed to change or innovation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a political party which favors the conservation of existing institutions and forms of government as the <i>Conservative</i> party in england; -- contradistinguished from <i>Liberal</i> and <i>Radical</i>.</def>

<blockquote>We have always been conscientuously attached to what is called the Tory, and which might with more propierty be called the <b>Conservative</b>, party.
<i>Quart. Rev. (1830).</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Conservative system</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a material sustem of such a nature that after the system has undergone any series of changes, and been brought back in any manner to its original state, the whole work done by external agents on the system is equal to the whole work done by the system overcoming external forces.</cd></cs>

<i>Clerk Maxwell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conservative</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*serv"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, preserves from ruin, injury, innovation, or radical change; a preserver; a conserver.</def>

<blockquote>The Holy Spirit is the great <b>conservative</b> of the new life.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who desires to maintain existing institutions and customs; also, one who holds moderate opinions in politics; -- opposed to <i>revolutionary</i> or <i>radical</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>A member of the Conservative party.</def>

<h1>Conservativeness</h1>
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<hw>Con*serv"a*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>The quality of being conservative.</def>

<h1>Conservatoire</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con`ser"va*toire`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A public place of instruction in any special branch, esp. music and the arts. [See <er>Conservatory</er>, 3].</def>

<h1>Conservator</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con"ser*va`tor</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>conservateur</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who preserves from injury or violation; a protector; a preserver.</def>

<blockquote>The great Creator and <b>Conservator</b> of the world.
<i>Derham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An officer who has charge of preserving the public peace, as a justice or sheriff.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who has an official charge of preserving the rights and privileges of a city, corporation, community, or estate.</def>

<blockquote>The lords of the secret council were likewise made <b>conservators</b> of the peace of the two kingdoms.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>conservator</b> of the estate of an idiot.
<i>Bouvier.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Conservators of the River Thames</col>, <cd>a board of comissioners instituted by Parliament to have the conservancy of the Thames.</cd></cs>

<h1>Conservatory</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*serv"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>conservatoire</ets>, LL. <ets>conservatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of preserving from loss, decay, or injury.</def>

<h1>Conservatory</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*serv"a*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>conservatoire</ets>, LL. <ets>conservatorium</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which preserves from injury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>conservatory</i> of life."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place for preserving anything from loss, decay, waste, or injury; particulary, a greenhouse for preserving exotic or tender plants.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A public place of instruction, designed to preserve and perfect the knowledge of some branch of science or art, esp. music.</def>

<h1>Conservatrix</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con`ser*va"trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A woman who preserves from loss, injury, etc.</def>

<h1>Conserve</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*serve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Conserved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Conserving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>conserver</ets>, L. <ets>conservare</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>servare</ets> to keep, guard. See <er>Serve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To keep in a safe or sound state; to save; to preserve; to protect.</def>

<blockquote>The amity which . . . they meant to <b>conserve</b> and maintain with the emperor.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prepare with sugar, etc., for the purpose of preservation, as fruits, etc.; to make a conserve of.</def>

<h1>Conserve</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con"serve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>conserve</ets>, fr. <ets>conserver</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything which is conserved; especially, a sweetmeat prepared with sugar; a confection.</def>

<blockquote>I shall . . . study broths, plasters, and <b>conserves</b>, till from a fine lady I become a notable woman.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicinal confection made of freshly gathered vegetable substances mixed with finely powdered refined sugar. See <er>Confection</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A conservatory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Conserver</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*serv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who conserves.</def>

<h1>Consider</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sid"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Considered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Considering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>consid\'82rer</ets>, L. <ets>considerare</ets>, <ets>-sideratum</ets>, to consider, view attentively, prob. fr. <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sidus</ets>, <ets>sideris</ets>, star, constellation; orig., therefore, to look at the stars. See <er>Sidereal</er>, and cf. <er>Desire</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fix the mind on, with a view to a careful examination; to thank on with care; to ponder; to study; to meditate on.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>consider</b> thy testimonies.
<i>Ps. cxix. 95.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thenceforth to speculations high or deep
I turned my thoughts, and with capacious mind
<b>Considered</b> all things visible.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To look at attentively; to observe; to examine.</def>

<blockquote>She <b>considereth</b> a field, and buyeth it.
<i>Prov. xxxi. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To have regard to; to take into view or account; to pay due attention to; to respect.</def>

<blockquote><b>Consider</b>, sir, the chance of war: the day
Was yours by accident.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>England could grow into a posture of being more united at home, and more <b>considered</b> abroad.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To estamate; to think; to regard; to view.</def>

<blockquote><b>Considered</b> as plays, his works are absurd.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The proper sense of <i>consider</i> is often blended with an idea of the result of <i>considering</i>; as, "Blessed is he that <i>considereth</i> the poor."</note> <i>Ps. xli. 1. ;</i> <it>i.e.</it>, <i>considers</i> with sympathy and pity. "Which [services] if I have not enough <i>considered</i>." <i>Shak. ;</i>

<it>i.e.</it>, requited as the sufficient <i>considering</i> of them would suggest. "<i>Consider</i> him liberally."

<i>J. Hooker.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To ponder; weigh; revolve; study; reflect or meditate on; contemplate; examine. See <er>Ponder</er>.</syn>

<h1>Consider</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sid"er</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To think seriously; to make examination; to reflect; to deliberate.</def>

<blockquote>We will <b>consider</b> of your suit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>'T were to <b>consider</b> too curiously, to <b>consider</b> so.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She wished she had taken a moment to <b>consider</b>, before rushing down stairs.
<i>W. Black</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hesitate.</def> <mark>[Poetic & R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Considerable</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sid"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>consid\'82rable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Worthy of consideration, borne in mind, or attended to.</def>

<blockquote>It is <b>considerable</b>, that some urns have had inscriptions on them expressing that the lamps were burning.
<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Eternity is infinitely the most <b>considerable</b> duration.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of some distinction; noteworthy; influential; respectable; -- said of persons.</def>

<blockquote>You are, indeed, a very <b>considerable</b> man.
<i>Junius.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of importance or value.</def>

<blockquote>In painting, not every action, nor every person, is <b>considerable</b> enough to enter into the cloth.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>considerable</b> sum of money.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Considerableness</h1>
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<hw>Con*sid"er*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Worthiness of consideration; dignity; value; size; amount.</def>

<h1>Considerably</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sid"er*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner or to a degree not trifling or unimportant; greatly; much.</def>

<blockquote>The breeds . . . differ <b>considerably</b> from each other.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Considerance</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sid"er*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>considerantia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of considering; consideration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Considerate</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sid"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consideratus</ets>, p.p.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Given to consideration or to sober reflection; regardful of consequences or circumstances; circumspect; careful; esp. careful of the rights, claims, and feelings of other.</def>

<blockquote>Of dauntless courage and <b>considerate</b> pride.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><?/neas is patient, <b>considerate</b>, and careful of his people.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The wisest and most <b>considerate</b> men in the world.
<i>Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having respect to; regardful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>They may be . . . more <b>considerate</b> of praise.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Thoughtful; reflective; careful; discreet; prudent; deliberate; serious. See <er>Thoughtful</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Con*sid"er*ate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Con*sid"er*ate*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Consideration</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sid`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consideratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>consid<?/ration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of considering; continuous careful thought; examination; contemplation; deliberation; attention.</def>

<blockquote>Let us think with <b>consideration</b>.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Consideration</b>, like an angel, came.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attentive respect; appreciative regard; -- used especially in diplomatic or stately correspondence.</def>

<blockquote>The undersigned has the honor to repeat to Mr. Hulseman the assurance of his high <b>consideration</b>.
<i>D. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>consideration</b> with which he was treated.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Thoughtful or sympathetic regard or notice.</def>

<blockquote><b>Consideration</b> for the poor is a doctrine of the church.
<i>Newman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Claim to notice or regard; some degree of importance or consequence.</def>

<blockquote>Lucan is the only author of <b>consideration</b> among the Latin poets who was not explained for . . . the Dauphin.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The result of delibration, or of attention and examonation; matured opinion; a reflection; <as>as, <ex>considerations</ex> on the choice of a profession</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>That which is, or should be, taken into account as a ground of opinion or action; motive; reason.</def>

<blockquote>He was obliged, antecedent to all other <b>considerations</b>, to search an asylum.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some <b>considerations</b> which are necessary to the forming of a correct judgment.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The cause which moves a contracting party to enter into an agreement; the material cause of a contract; the price of a stripulation; compensation; equivalent.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Consideration</i> is what is done, or promised to be done, in exchange for a promise, and "as a mere advantage to the promisor without detriment to the promisee would not avail, the proper test is detriment to the promisee."</note>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Considerative</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sid"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Considerate; careful; thoughtful.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>I love to be <b>considerative</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Considerator</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sid"er*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who considers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Considerer</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sid"er*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who considers; a man of reflection; a thinker.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Consideringly</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sid"er*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With consideration or deliberation.</def>

<h1>Consign</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Consigned</er> 3; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Consigning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>consigner</ets>, L. <ets>consignare</ets>, <ets>-signatu</ets>,, to seal or sign; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>signare</ets>, fr. <ets>signum</ets> mark. See <er>Sign</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give, transfer, or deliver, in a formal manner, as if by signing over into the possession of another, or into a different state, with the sense of fixedness in that state, or permanence of possession; <as>as, to <ex>consign</ex> the body to the grave</as>.</def>

<blockquote>At the day of general account, good men are to be <b>consigned</b> over to another state.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give in charge; to commit; to intrust.</def>

<blockquote>Atrides, parting for the Trojan war,
<b>Consigned</b> the youthful consort to his care.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The four evangelists <b>consigned</b> to writing that history.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To send or address (by bill of lading or otherwise) to an agent or correspondent in another place, to be cared for or sold, or for the use of such correspondent; <as>as, to <ex>cosign</ex> a cargo or a ship</as>; to set apart.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To assign; to devote; to set apart.</def>

<blockquote>The French commander <b>consigned</b> it to the use for which it was intended by the donor.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To stamp or impress; to affect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Consign</b> my spirit with great fear.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To commit; deliver; intrust; resign. See <er>Commit</er>.</syn>

<h1>Consign</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To submit; to surrender or yield one's self.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All lovers young, all lovers must
<b>Consign</b> to thee, and come to dust.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To yield consent; to agree; to acquiesce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Augment or alter . . .
And we'll <b>consign</b> thereto.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consignatary</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sig"na*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Consignitary</er>.]</ety> <def>A consignee.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jenkins.</i>

<h1>Consignation</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con`sig*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consignatio</ets> written proof, document: cf. F. <ets>consignation</ets> comsignation.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of consigning; the act of delivering or committing to another person, place, or state.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So is despair a certain <b>consignation</b> to eternal ruin.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of ratifying or establishing, as if signing; confirmation; ratuficator.</def>

<blockquote>A direct <b>consignation</b> of pardon.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A stamp; an indication; a sign.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The most certain <b>consignations</b> of an excellent virtue.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consignatory</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sig"na*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Consignitary</er>.]</ety> <def>One of several that jointly sign a written instrument, as a treaty.</def>

<i>Fallows.</i>

<h1>Consignature</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sig"na*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>; 135), <tt>n.</tt> <def>Joint signature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Colgrave.</i>

<h1>Consigne</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con"signe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A countersign; a watchword.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who is orders to keep within certain limits.</def>

<h1>Consignee</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con`sign*ee"</hw> <tt>(?;  277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>consign<?/</ets>, p.p. of <ets>consigner</ets>.]</ety> <def>The person to whom goods or other things are consigned; a factor; -- correlative to <i>consignor</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Consigner and <b>consignee</b> are used by merchants to express generally the shipper of merchandise, and the person to whom it is addressed, by bill of lading or otherwise.
<i>De Colange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consigner</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sign"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who consigns. See <er>Consignor</er>.</def>

<h1>Consignificant</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con`sig*nif"i*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having joint or equal signification; synonymous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spelman.</i>

<h1>Consignification</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Joint signification.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Consignificative</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con`sig*nif"i*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consignificant; jointly significate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Consignify</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sig"ni*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sognify</ets>.]</ety> <def>To signify or denote in combination with something else.</def>

<blockquote>The cipher . . . only serves to connote and <b>consignify</b>, and to change the value or the figures.
<i>Horne Tooke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consignment</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sign"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of consigning; consignation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The act of consigning or sending property to an agent or correspondent in another place, as for care, sale, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>That which is consigned; the goods or commodities sent or addressed to a consignee at one time or by one conveyance.</def>

<blockquote>To increase your <b>consignments</b> of this valuable branch of national commerce.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The writing by which anything is consigned.</def>

<h1>Consignor</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sign"or</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who consigns something to another; -- opposed to <i>consignee</i>. <altsp>[Written also <asp>consigner</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Consilience</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sil"i*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>salire</ets> to leap.]</ety> <def>Act of concurring; coincidence; concurrence.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>consilience</b> of inductions takes place when one class of facts coincides with an induction obtained from another different class.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consimilitude, Consimility</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw><hw>Con`si*mil"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Con`si*mil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>consimilitude</ets>. See <er>Similitude</er>.]</ety> <def>Common resemblance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Aubrey.</i>

<h1>Consist</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw>Con*sist"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Consisted</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Consisting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>consistere</ets> to stand still or firm; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sistere</ets> to stand, cause to stand, <ets>stare</ets> to stand: cf. F. <ets>consister</ets>. See <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stand firm; to be in a fixed or permanent state, as a body composed of parts in union or connection; to hold together; to be; to exist; to subsist; to be supported and maintained.</def>

<blockquote>He is before all things, and by him all things <b>consist</b>.
<i>Col. i. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be composed or made up; -- followed by <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The land would <b>consist</b> of plains and valleys.
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To have as its substance or character, or as its foundation; to be; -- followed by <i>in</i>.</def>

<blockquote>If their purgation did <b>consist</b> in words.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A man's life <b>consisteth not in the abudance of the things which he possesseth</b>.
<i>Luke xii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be cosistent or harmonious; to be in accordance; -- formerly used absolutely, now followed by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>This was a <b>consisting</b> story.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Health <b>consists</b> with temperance alone.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For orders and degrees
Jar not with liberty, but well <b>consist</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To insist; -- followed by <i>on</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>To Consist</er>, <er>Consist of</er>, <er>Consist in</er>.</syn> <usage> The verb <i>consist</i> is employed chiefly for two purposes, which are marked and distinguished by the prepositions used. When we wish to indicate the parts which unite to compose a thing, we use <i>of</i>; as when we say, "Macaulay's Miscellanies consist chiefly <i>of</i> articles which were first published in the Edinburgh Review." When we wish to indicate the true nature of a thing, or that on which it depends, we use <i>in</i>; as, "There are some artists whose skill consists <i>in</i> a certain manner which they have affected." "Our safety consists <i>in</i> a strict adherence to duty."</usage>

<h1>Consistence, Consistency</h1>
<Xpage=307>

<hw><hw>Con*sist"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Con*sist"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>consistance</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of standing or adhering together, or being fixed in union, as the parts of a body; existence; firmness; coherence; solidity.</def>

<blockquote>Water, being divided, maketh many circles, till it restore itself to the natural <b>consistence</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We are as water, weak, and of no <b>consistence</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The same form, substance, and <b>consistency</b>.
<i>T. Burned.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A degree of firmness, density, or spissitude.</def>

<blockquote>Let the expressed juices be boiled into the <b>consistence</b> of a sirup.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 308 proofed -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which stands together as a united whole; a combination.</def>

<blockquote>The church of God, as meaning whole <b>consistence</b> of orders and members.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Firmness of constitution or character; substantiality; durability; persistency.</def>

<blockquote>His friendship is of a noble make and a lasting <b>consistency</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Agreement or harmony of all parts of a complex thing among themselves, or of the same thing with itself at different times; the harmony of conduct with profession; congruity; correspondence; <as>as, the <ex>consistency</ex> of laws, regulations, or judicial decisions; <ex>consistency</ex> of opinions; <ex>consistency</ex> of conduct or of character.</as></def>

<blockquote>That <b>consistency</b> of behavior whereby he inflexibly pursues those measures which appear the most just.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Consistency</b>, thou art a jewel.
<i>Popular Saying.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consistent</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con*sist"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consistens</ets>, p.pr.: cf. F. <ets>consistant</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessing firmness or fixedness; firm; hard; solid.</def>

<blockquote>The humoral and <b>consistent</b> parts of the body.
<i>Harvey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having agreement with itself or with something else; having harmony among its parts; possesing unity; accordant; harmonious; congruous; compatible; uniform; not contradictory.</def>

<blockquote>Show me one that has it in his power
To act <b>consistent</b> with himself an hour.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With reference to such a lord, to serve and to be free are terms not <b>consistent</b> only, but equivalent.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Living or acting in conformity with one's belief or professions.</def>

<blockquote>It was utterly to be at once a <b>consistent</b> Quaker and a conspirator.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consistently</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con*sist"ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a consistent manner.</def>

<h1>Consistorial</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con`sis*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>consistorial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a consistory.</def> "<i>Consistorial</i> laws." <i>Hooker.</i> "<i>Consistorial</i> courts." <i>Bp. Hoadley.</i>

<h1>Consistorian</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con`sis*to"rian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a Presbyterian consistory; -- a contemptuous term of 17th century controversy.</def>

<blockquote>You fall next on the <b>consistorian</b> schismatics; for so you call Presbyterians.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consistory</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con*sis"to*ry</hw> <tt>(? or ?; 277)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Consistories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>consistorium</ets> a place of assembly, the place where the emperor's council met, fr. <ets>consistere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>consistoire</ets>, It. <ets>consistorio</ets>. See <er>Consist</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Primarily, a place of standing or staying together; hence, any solemn assembly or council.</def>

<blockquote>To council summons all his mighty peers,
Within thick clouds and dark tenfold involved,
A gloomy <b>consistory</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Ch.)</fld> <def>The spiritual court of a diocesan bishop held before his chancellor or commissioner in his cathedral church or elsewhere.</def>

<i>Hook.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>An assembly of prelates; a session of the college of cardinals at Rome.</def>

<blockquote>Pius was then hearing of causes in <b>consistory</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A church tribunal or governing body.</def>

<note>&hand; In some churches, as the Dutch Reformed in America, a <i>consistory</i> is composed of the minister and elders of an individual church, corresponding to a Presbyterian church session, and in others, as the Reformed church in France, it is composed of ministers and elders, corresponding to a presbytery. In some Lutheran countries it is a body of clerical and lay officers appointed by the sovereign to superintend ecclesiastical affairs.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A civil court of justice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Consistory</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con*sis"to*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of, or pertaining to, a consistory.</def> "To hold <i>consistory</i> session."

<i>Strype.</i>

<h1>Consociate</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con*so"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nsociatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>consociare</ets> to associate, unite; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sociare</ets> to join, unite. See <er>Social</er>.]</ety> <def>An associate; an accomplice.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "Wicked <i>consociates</i>."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Consociate</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con*so"ci*ate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Consociated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Consociating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring into alliance, confederacy, or relationship; to bring together; to join; to unite.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Join pole to pole, <b>consociate</b> severed worlds.
<i>Mallet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To unite in an ecclesiastical consociation.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Consociate</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con*so"ci*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be allied, confederated, or associated; to coalescence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form an ecclesiastical consociation.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Consociation</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con*so`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consociatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Intimate union; fellowship; alliance; companionship; confederation; association; intimacy.</def>

<blockquote>A friendly <b>consociation</b> with your kindred elements.
<i>Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A voluntary and permanent council or union of neighboring Congregational churches, for mutual advice and co<?/peration in ecclesiastical matters; a meeting of pasters and delegates from churches thus united.</def>

<note>&hand; In Connecticut some of the Congregational churhes are associated in <i>consociations</i> and the others in conferences.</note>

<h1>Consociational</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con*so`ci*a"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a consociation.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Consolable</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con*sol"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consolabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>consolable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of receiving consolation.</def>

<h1>Consolate</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con"so*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consolatus</ets>, p.p. See <er>Console</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To console; to comfort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Consolation</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con`so*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consolatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>consolation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of consoling; the state of being consoled; allevation of misery or distress of mind; refreshment of spirit; comfort; that which consoles or comforts the spirit.</def>

<blockquote>Against such cruelties
With inward <b>consolations</b> recompensed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Are the <b>consolations</b> of God small with thee?
<i>Job xv. 11.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Comfort; solace; allevation. See <er>Comfort</er>.</syn>

<h1>Consolato del mare</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con`so*la"to del ma"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[It., the consulate of the sea.]</ety> <def>A collection of maritime laws of disputed origin, supposed to have been first published at Barcelona early in the 14th century. It has formed the basis of most of the subsequent collections of maritime laws.</def>

<i>Kent. Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Consolator</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con"so*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who consoles or comforts.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Consolatory</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con*sol"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consolatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of a consoling or comforting nature.</def>

<blockquote>The punishment of tyrants is a noble and awful act of justice; and it has with truth been said to be <b>consolatory</b> to the human mind.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consolatory</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con*sol"a*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which consoles; a speech or writing intended for consolation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Console</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con*sole"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Consoled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Consoling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>consolari</ets>,. p.p. <ets>consolatus</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>solari</ets> to console, comfort: cf. F. <ets>consoler</ets>. See <er>Solace</er>.]</ety> <def>To cheer in distress or depression; to alleviate the grief and raise the spirits of; to relieve; to comfort; to soothe.</def>

<blockquote>And empty heads <b>console</b> with empty sound.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am much <b>consoled</b> by the reflection that the religion of Christ has been attacked in vain by all the wits and philosophers, and its triumph has been complete.
<i>P. Henry.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To comfort; solace; soothe; cheer; sustain; encourage; support. See <er>Comfort</er>.</syn>

<h1>Console</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con"sole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bracket whose projection is not more than half its height.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any small bracket; also, a console table.</def>

<cs><col>Console table</col>, <cd>a table whose top is supported by two or more consoles instead of legs.</cd></cs>

<h1>Consoler</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con*sol"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gives consolation.</def>

<h1>Consolidant</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con*sol"i*dant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consolidans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>consolidare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>consolidant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to unite or consolidate; having the quality of consolidating or making firm.</def>

<h1>Consolidate</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con*sol"i*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consolidatus</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>consolidare</ets> to make firm; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>solidare</ets> to make firm; <ets>solidus</ets> solid. See <er>Solid</er>, and cf. <er>Consound</er>.]</ety> <def>Formed into a solid mass; made firm; consolidated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A gentleman [should learn to ride] while he is tender and the brawns and sinews of his thighs not fully <b>consolidate</b>.
<i>Elyot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consolidate</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con*sol"i*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Consolidated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Consolidating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make solid; to unite or press together into a compact mass; to harden or make dense and firm.</def>

<blockquote>He fixed and <b>consolidated</b> the earth.
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To unite, as various particulars, into one mass or body; to bring together in close union; to combine; <as>as, to <ex>consolidate</ex> the armies of the republic</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Consolidating</b> numbers into unity.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>To unite by means of applications, as the parts of a broken bone, or the lips of a wound.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- To unite; combine; harden; compact; condense; compress.</syn>

<h1>Consolidate</h1>
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<hw>Con*sol"i*date</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow firm and hard; to unite and become solid; <as>as, moist clay <ex>consolidates</ex> by drying</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In hurts and ulcers of the head, dryness maketh them more apt to <b>consolidate</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consolidated</h1>
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<hw>Con*sol"i*da`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p.p. & a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made solid, hard, or compact; united; joined; solidified.</def>

<blockquote>The Aggregate Fund . . . consisted of a great variety of taxes and surpluses of taxes and duties which were [in 1715] <b>consolidated</b>.
<i>Rees.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A mass of partially <b>consolidated</b> mud.
<i>Tyndall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a small surface in proportion to bulk, as in the cactus.</def>

<blockquote><b>Consolidated</b> plants are evidently adapted and designed for very dry regions; in such only they are found.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The Consolidated Fund</col>, <cd>a British fund formed by consolidating (in 1787) three public funds (the Aggregate Fund, the General Fund, and the South Sea Fund). In 1816, the larger part of the revenues of Great Britian and Ireland was assigned to what has been known as <i>the Consolidated Fund of the United Kingdom<i>, out of which are paid the interest of the national debt, the salaries of the civil list, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Consolidation</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con*sol`i*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consolidatio</ets> a confirming: cf. F. <ets>consolidation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of consolidating, making firm, or uniting; the state of being consolidated; solidification; combination.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>consolidation</b> of the marble and of the stone did not fall out at random.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>consolidation</b> of the great European monarchies.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>To organic cohesion of different circled in a flower; adnation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The combination of several actions into one.</def>

<h1>Consolidative</h1>
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<hw>Con*sol"i*da*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>consolidatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending or having power to consolidate; healing.</def>

<h1>Consoling</h1>
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<hw>Con*sol"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adapted to console or comfort; cheering; <as>as, this is <ex>consoling</ex> news</as>.</def>

<h1>Consols</h1>
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<hw>Con"sols</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/; 277)</tt>, <tt>n. pl. </tt> <ety>[A contraction of <ets>consol</ets>idated (annuities).]</ety> <def>The leading British funded government security.</def>

<note>&hand; A considerable part of the public debt of Great Britian, which had been contracted in the form of annuities yielding various rates of interest, was, in 1757, consolidated into one fund at 3 per cent interest, the account of which is kept at the Bank of England. This debt has been diminished and increased at different times, and now constitutes somewhat more than half of the entire national debt. The stocks are transferable, and Their value in the market constantly fluctuates; the price at any time being regarded as a gauge of the national prosperity and public confidence.</note>

<h1>Consomm</</h1>
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<hw>Con`som`m<?/"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., lit. p.p. of <ets>consommer</ets> to finish.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A clear soup or bouillion boiled down so as to be very rich.</def>

<h1>Consonance, Consonancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Con"so*nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Con"so*nan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consonantia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>consonnance</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Accord or agreement of sounds produced simultaneously, as a note with its third, fifth, and eighth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Agreement or congruity; harmony; accord; consistency; suitableness.</def>

<blockquote>The perfect <b>consonancy</b> of our persecuted church to the doctrines of Scripture and antiquity.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The optic nerve responds to the waves with which it is in <b>consonance</b>.
<i>Tyndall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Friendship; concord.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>By the <b>consonancy</b> of our youth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Agreement; accord; consistency; unison; harmony; congruity; suitableness; agreeableness.</syn>

<h1>Consonant</h1>
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<hw>Con"so*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consonans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>; p.pr. of <ets>consonare</ets> to sound at the same time, agree; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sonare</ets> to sound: cf. F. <ets>consonnant</ets>. See <er>Sound</er> to make a noise.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having agreement; congruous; consistent; according; -- usually followed by <i>with</i> or <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Each one pretends that his opinion . . . is <b>consonant</b> to the words there used.
<i>Bp. Beveridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That where much is given shall be much required is a thing <b>consonant</b> with natural equity.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having like sounds.</def>

<blockquote><b>Consonant</b> words and syllables.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>harmonizing together; accordant; <as>as, <ex>consonant</ex> tones, <ex>consonant</ex> chords</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to consonants; made up of, or containing many, consonants.</def>

<blockquote>No Russian whose dissonant <b>consonant</b> name
Almost shatters to fragments the trumpet of fame.
<i>T. Moore.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consonant</h1>
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<hw>Con"so*nant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consonans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>.]</ety> <def>An articulate sound which in utterance is usually combined and sounded with an open sound called a vowel; a member of the spoken alphabet other than a vowel; also, a letter or character representing such a sound.</def>

<note>Consonants are divided into various classes, as mutes, spirants, sibilants, nasals, semivowels, etc. All of them are sounds uttered through a closer position of the organs than that of a vowel proper, although the most open of them, as the semivowels and nasals, are capable of being used as if vowels, and forming syllables with other closer consonants, as in the English <i>feeble</i> (<?/), <i>taken</i> (<?/). All the consonants excepting the mutes may be indefinitely, prolonged in utterance without the help of a vowel, and even the mutes may be produced with an aspirate instead of a vocal explosion. Vowels and consonants may be regarded as the two poles in the scale of sounds produced by gradual approximation of the organ, of speech from the most open to the closest positions, the vowel being more open, the consonant closer; but there is a territory between them where the sounds produced partake of the qualities of both.</note>

<note>&hand; "A <i>consonant</i> is the result of audible friction, squeezing, or stopping of the breath in some part of the mouth (or occasionally of the throath.) The main distinction between vowels and consonants is, that while in the former the mouth configuration merely modifies the vocalized breath, which is therefore an essential element of the vowels, in consonants the narrowing or stopping of the oral passage is the foundation of the sound, and the state of the glottis is something secondary."</note>

<i>H. Sweet.</i>

<h1>Consonantal</h1>
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<hw>Con`so*nan"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, <?/. Of the nature of a consonant; pertaining to consonants.</def>

<h1>Consonantize</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con"so*nant*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To change into, or use as, a consonant.</def> "The vowel is <i>consonantized</i>, that is, made closer in position."

<i>Peile.</i>

<h1>Consonantly</h1>
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<hw>Con"so*nant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a consonant, consistent, or congruous manner; agreeably.</def>

<h1>Consonantness</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 308 proofed -->>

<hw>Con"so*nant*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being consonant, agreeable, or consistent.</def>

<h1>Consonous</h1>
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<hw>Con"so*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consonus</ets>. See <er>Consonant</er>.]</ety> <def>Agreeing in sound; symphonious.</def>

<h1>Consopiation</h1>
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<hw>Con*so`pi*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of sleeping, or of lulling, to sleep.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Consopite</h1>
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<hw>Con"so*pite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consopitus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>consopire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lulled to sleep.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Consopite</h1>
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<hw>Con"so*pite</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lull to sleep; to quiet; to compose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The operation of the masculine faculties of the soul were, for a while, well slacked and <b>consopited</b>.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consort</h1>
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<hw>Con"sort</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consore</ets>, <ets>-sortis</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sors</ets> lot, fate, share. See <er>Sort</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who shares the lot of another; a companion; a partner; especially, a wife or husband.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>He single chose to live, and shunned to wed,
Well pleased to want a <b>consort</b> of his bed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>consort</b> of the queen has passed from this troubled sphere.
<i>Thakeray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The snow-white gander, invariably accompanied by his darker <b>consort</b>.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A ship keeping company with another.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Concurrence; conjunction; combination; association; union.</def> "By Heaven's <i>consort</i>." <i>Fuller.</i> "Working in <i>consort</i>." <i>Hare.</i>

<blockquote>Take it singly, and is carries an air of levity; but, in <b>consort</b> with the rest, has a meaning quite different.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[LL. <ets>consortium</ets>.]</ety> <def>An assembly or association of persons; a company; a group; a combination. </def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In one <b>consort</b> there sat
Cruel revenge and rancorious despite,
Disloyal treason, and heart-burning hate.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lord, place me in thy <b>consort</b>.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <ety>[Perh. confused with <ets>concert</ets>.]</ety> <def>Harmony of sounds; concert, as of musical instruments.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>To make a sad <b>consort`</b>;
Come, let us join our mournful song with theirs.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="309">
Page 309<p>

<cs><col>Prince consort</col>, <cd>the husband of a queen regnant.</cd> -- <col>Queen consort</col>, <cd>the wife of a king, as distinguished from a <i>queen regnant<i>, who rules alone, and a <i>queen dowager<i>, the window of a king.</cd></cs>

<h1>Consort</h1>
<Xpage=309>

<hw>Con*sort"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Consorted</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Consorting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To unite or to keep company; to associate; -- used with <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Which of the Grecian chiefs <b>consorts</b> with thee?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consort</h1>
<Xpage=309>

<hw>Con*sort"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unite or join, as in affection, harmony, company, marriage, etc.; to associate.</def>

<blockquote>He with his <b>consorted</b> Eve.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For all that pleasing is to living ears
Was there <b>consorted</b> in one harmony.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He begins to <b>consort</b> himself with men.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To attend; to accompany.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou, wretched boy, that didst <b>consort</b> him here,
Shalt with him hence.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consortable</h1>
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<hw>Con*sort"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suitable for association or companionship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Consortion</h1>
<Xpage=309>

<hw>Con*sor"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consortio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fellowship; association; companionship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Consortship</h1>
<Xpage=309>

<hw>Con"sort*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of a consort; fellowship; partnership.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Consound</h1>
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<hw>Con"sound</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. F. <ets>consoude</ets>, fr L. <ets>consolida</ets> comfrey (so called because supposed to have healing power); <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>solidus</ets> solid, <ets>consolidare</ets> to make solid. Cf. <er>Comfrey</er>, <er>Consolidate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name applied loosely to several plants of different genera, esp. the comfrey.</def>

<h1>Conspecific</h1>
<Xpage=309>

<hw>Con`spe*cif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the same species.</def>

<h1>Conspectuity</h1>
<Xpage=309>

<hw>Con`spec*tu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Conspectuities</plw>.</plu> <def>The faculty of seeing; sight; eye.</def> <note>[A word of Menenius's making. <i>Coriolanus ii. 1</i>]</note>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Conspectus</h1>
<Xpage=309>

<hw>Con*spec"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A general sketch or outline of a subject; a synopsis; an epitome.</def>

<h1>Conspersion</h1>
<Xpage=309>

<hw>Con*sper"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conspersio</ets>, fr. <ets>conspergere</ets> to sprinkle.]</ety> <def>The act of sprinkling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>conspersion</b> washing the doorposts.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conspicuity</h1>
<Xpage=309>

<hw>Con`spi*cu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being clear or bright; brightness; conspicuosness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Conspicuous</h1>
<Xpage=309>

<hw>Con*spic"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conspicuus</ets>, fr. <ets>conspicere</ets> to get sight of, to perceive; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>spicere</ets>, <ets>specere</ets>, to look. See <er>Spy</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Open to the view; obvious to the eye; easy to be seen; plainly visible; manifest; attracting the eye.</def>

<blockquote>It was a rock
Of alabaster, piled up to the clouds,
<b>Conspicious</b> far.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Conspicious</b> by her veil and hood,
Signing the cross, the abbess stood.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Obvious to the mental eye; easily recognized; clearly defined; notable; prominent; eminent; distinguished; <as>as, a <ex>conspicuous</ex> exellence, or fault</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A man who holds a <b>conspicuous</b> place in the political, eccesiastical, and literary history of England.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Distinguished; eminent; famous; illustrious; prominent; celebrated. See <er>Distinguished</er>.
 -- <wordforms><wf>Con*spic"u*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Con*spic"u*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></syn></wordforms>

<h1>Conspiracy</h1>
<Xpage=309>

<hw>Con*spir"a*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Conspiracies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[See <er>Conspiration</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A combination of men for an evil purpose; as agreement, between two or more persons, to commit a crime in concert, as treason; a plot.</def>

<blockquote>When shapen was all his <b>conspiracy</b>
From point to point.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They made a <b>conspiracy</b> against [Amaziah].
<i>2 Kings xiv. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I had forgot that foul <b>conspiracy</b>
<blockquote>Of the beast Caliban and his confederates.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A concurence or general tendency, as of circumstances, to one event, as if by agreement.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>conspiracy</b> in all heavenly and earthly things.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An agreement, manifesting itself in words or deeds, by which two or more persons confederate to do an unlawful act, or to use unlawful to do an act which is lawful; confederacy.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Combination; plot; cabal.</syn>

<h1>Conspirant</h1>
<Xpage=309>

<hw>Con*spir"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conspirans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>conspirare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conspirant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Engaging in a plot to commit a crime; conspiring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Conspiration</h1>
<Xpage=309>

<hw>Con`spi*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>conspiration</ets>, L. <ets>conspiratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Agreement or concurrence for some end or purpose; conspiracy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>As soon as it was day, certain Jews made a <b>conspiration</b>.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In our natural body every part has a nacassary sympathy with every other, and all together form, by their harmonious <b>onspiration</b>, a healthy whole.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conspirator</h1>
<Xpage=309>

<hw>Con*spir"a*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who engages in a conspiracy; a plotter.</def>

<i>2 Sam. xv. 31.</i>

<h1>Conspire</h1>
<Xpage=309>

<hw>Con*spire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Conspired</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Conspiring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>conspirer</ets>, L. <ets>onspirare</ets> to blow together, harmonize, agree, plot; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>spirare</ets> to breathe, blow. See <er>Spirit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make an agreement, esp. a secret agreement, to do some act, as to commit treason or a crime, or to do some unlawful deed; to plot together.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>conspired</b> against [Joseph] to slay him.
<i>Gen. xxxvii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You have <b>conspired</b> against our royal person,
Joined with an enemy proclaimed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To concur to one end; to agree.</def>

<blockquote>The press, the pulpit, and the stage
<b>Conspire</b> to censure and expose our age.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To unite; concur; complot; confederate; league.</syn>

<h1>Conspire</h1>
<Xpage=309>

<hw>Con*spire"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To plot; to plan; to combine for.</def>

<blockquote>Angry clouds <b>conspire</b> your overthrow.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conspirer</h1>
<Xpage=309>

<hw>Con*spir"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who conspires; a conspirator.</def>

<h1>Conspiringly</h1>
<Xpage=309>

<hw>Con*spir"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a conspirator; by conspiracy.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Conspissation</h1>
<Xpage=309>

<hw>Con`spis*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conspissatio</ets>, fr. <ets>onspissare</ets> to make thick.]</ety> <def>A making thick or viscous; thickness; inspissation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Conspurate</h1>
<Xpage=309>

<hw>Con*spur"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conspurcatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conspurcare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To pollute; to defile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Conspuration</h1>
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<hw>Con`spur*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conspurcare</ets>, <ets>-spuratum</ets>, to defile.]</ety> <def>This act of defiling; defilement; pollution.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Constable</h1>
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<hw>Con"sta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>conestable</ets>, <ets>constable</ets>, a constable (in sense 1), OF. <ets>conestable</ets>, F. <ets>conn<?/table</ets>, LL. <ets>conestabulus</ets>, <ets>constabularius</ets>, <ets>comes stabuli</ets>, orig., count of the stable, master of the horse, equerry; <ets>comes</ets> ount (L. ompanion) + L. <ets>stabulum</ets> stable. See <er>Count</er> a nobleman, and <er>Stable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A high officer in the monarhical establishments of the Middle Ages.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>constable of France</i> was the first officer of the crown, and had the chief ommand of the army. It was also his duty to regulate all matters of chivalry. The office was suppressed in 1627. The <i>constable</i>, or <i>lord high constable</i>, <i>of England</i>, was one of the highest officers of the crown, commander in chief of the forces, and keeper of the peace of the nation. He also judicial cognizance of many important matters. The office was as early as the Conquest, but has been disused (except on great and solemn occasions), since the attainder of Stafford, duke of Buckingham, in the reign of Henry VIII.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An officer of the peace having power as a conservator of the public peace, and bound to exeute the warrants of judicial offiers.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<note>&hand; In England, at the present time, the <i>constable</i> is a conservator of the peace within his district, and is also charged by various statutes with other duties, such as serving summons, precepts, warrants, etc. In the United States, <i>constables</i> are town or its officers of the peace, with powers similar to those of the constables of England. In addition to their duties as conservators of the peace, they are invested with others by statute, such as to execute civil as well as criminal process in certain cases, to attend courts, keep juries, etc. In some cities, there are officers called <i>high constables</i>, who act as shiefs of the constabulary or police force. In other cities the title of constable, as well as the office, is merged in that of the polie officer.</note>

<cs><col>High constable</col>, a constable having certain duties and powers within a hundred. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Petty constable</col>, a conservator of the peace within a parish or tithing; a tithingman. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Special constable</col></mcol>, <cd>a person appointed to act as constable of special occasions.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To overrun</col>, &or; <col>outrun</col>, <col>the constable</col></mcol>, <cd>the spend more than one's income; to get into debt. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Constablery</h1>
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<hw>Con"sta*bler*y</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/ )</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>conestablerie</ets>. Cf. <er>Constabulary</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The constabulary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The distrit or jurisdiction of a constable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Constableship</h1>
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<hw>Con"sta*bleship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or functions of a constable.</def>

<h1>Constabless</h1>
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<hw>Con"sta*bless</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The wife of a constable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Constablewick</h1>
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<hw>Con"sta*ble*wick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Constable</ets> + <ets>wick</ets> a village]</ety> <def>The district to which a constable's power is limited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Constabulary</h1>
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<hw>Con*stab"u*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>constabularius</ets> an equerry. See <er>Constable</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to constables; consisting of constables.</def>

<h1>Constabulary</h1>
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<hw>Con*stab"u*la*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The collective body of constables in any town, district, or country.</def>

<h1>Constabulatory</h1>
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<hw>Con*stab"u*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A constabulary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Constancy</h1>
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<hw>Con"stan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>constantia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>constance</ets>. See <er>Constant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being constant or steadfast; freedom from hange; stability; fixedness; immutabilitu; asm the <i>constancy</i> of God in his nature and attributes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fixedness or firmness of mind; persevering resolution; especially, firmness of mind under sufferings, steadiness in attashments, or perseverance in enterprise; stability; fidelity.</def>

<blockquote>A fellow of plain unoined <b>constancy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Constancy</b> and contempt of danger.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Fixedness; stability; firmness; steadiness; permanence; steadfastness; resolution. See <er>Firmness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Constant</h1>
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<hw>Con"stant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>onstans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>constare</ets> to stand firm, to be consistent; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>stare</ets> to stand: cf.F. <ets>constant</ets>. See <er>Stand</er> and f. <er>Cost</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Firm; solid; fixed; immovable; -- opposed to <i>fluid</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If . . . you mix them, you may turn these two fluid liquors into a <b>constant</b> body.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not liable, or given, to change; permanent; regular; continuous; continually recurring; steadfast; faithful; not fickle.</def>

<blockquote>Both loving one fair maid, they yet remained <b>constant</b> friends.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am <b>constant</b> to my purposes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His gifts, his <b>constant</b> ourtship, nothing gained.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Onward the <b>constant</b> current sweeps.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math. & Physics)</fld> <def>Remaining unchanged or invariable, as a quantity, forc, law, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Consistent; logical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Fixed; steadfast; unchanging; permanent; unalterable; immutable; perpetual; continual; resolute; firm; unshaken; determined.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Constant</er>, <er>Continual</er>, <er>Perpetual</er>. These words are sometimes used in an absolute and sometimes in a qualified sense. <i>Constant</i> denotes, in its absolute sense, unchangeably fixed; as, a <i>constant</i> mind or purpose. In its qualified sense, it marks something as a "standing" fact or occurence; as, liable to <i>constant</i> interruptions; <i>constantly</i> called for. <i>Continual</i>, in its absolute sense, coincides with <i>continuous</i>. See <er>Continuous</er>. In its qualified sense, it describes, a thing as occuring in steady and rapid succession; as, a round of <i>continual</i> calls; <i>continually</i> changing. <i>Perpetual</i> denotes, in its absolute sense, what literally never ceases or comes to an end; as, <i>perpetual</i> motion. In its qualified sense, it is used hyperbolically, and denotes that which rarely ceases; as, <i>perpetual</i> disturbance; <i>perpetual</i> noise; <i>perpetual</i> intermeddling.</usage>

<h1>Constant</h1>
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<hw>Con"stant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is not subject to change; that which is invariable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A quantity that does not change its value; -- used in countradistinction <?/o <i>variable</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Absolute costant</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>one whose value is absolutely the same under all cirumstanes, as the number 10, or any numeral.</cd> -- <col>Arbitrary constant</col>, <cd>an undetermined constant in a differential equation having the same value during all changes in the values of the variables.</cd></cs>

<h1>Constantia</h1>
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<hw>Con*stan"ti*a</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A superior wine, white and red, from Constantia, in Cape Colony.</def>

<h1>Constantly</h1>
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<hw>Con"stant*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With constancy; steadily; continually; perseveringly; without cessation; uniformly.</def>

<blockquote>But she <b>constantly</b> affirmed that it was even so.
<i>Acts. xii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Constat</h1>
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<hw>Con"stat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., it is evident.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A certificate showing what appears upon record touching a matter in question.</def>

<h1>Constate</h1>
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<hw>Con*state"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>constater</ets>; L. <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>stare</ets> to stand.]</ety> <def>To ascertain; to verify; to establish; to prove.</def>

<i>F. P. Cobbe.</i>

<h1>Constellate</h1>
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<hw>Con"stel*late</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>v. i. </tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>L</ets>. <ets>stellatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>stellare</ets> to cover with stars, <ets>stella</ets> star. See <er>Stellate</er>.]</ety> <def>To join luster; to shine with united radiance, or one general light.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The several things which engage our affections . . . shine forth and <b>constellate</b> in God.
<i>Boule.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Constellate</h1>
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<hw>Con"stel*late</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unite in one luster or radiane, as stars.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whe know how to <b>constellate</b> these lights.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To set or adorn with stars or constellations; <as>as, <ex>constellated</ex> heavens</as>.</def>

<i>J. Barlow.</i>

<h1>Constellation</h1>
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<hw>Con`stel*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>constellation</ets>, L. <ets>constellatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cluster or group of fixed stars, or dvision of the heavens, designated in most cases by the name of some animal, or of some mythologial personage, within whose imaginary outline, as traced upon the heavens, the group is included.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>constellations</b> seem to have been almost purposely named and delineated to cause as much confusion and inconvenience as possible.
<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In each of the constellations now recognized by astronomers (about 90 in number) the brightest stars, both named and unnamed are designated nearly in the order of brilliancy by the letters of the Greek alphabet; as, <?/ Tauri (Aldebaran) is the first star of Taurus, <?/ Orionis (Bellatrix) is the third star of Orion.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An assemblage of splendors or excellences.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>constellations</b> of genius had already begun to show itself . . . which was to shed a glory over the meridian and close of Philip's reign.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fortune; fate; destiny.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It is <b>constellation</b>, which causeth all that a man doeth.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consternation</h1>
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<hw>Con`ster*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consternatio</ets>, fr. consternare to overome, perplex, an accessory form of <ets>consternere</ets> to trow down, prostrate; <ets>con + sternere</ets> to spread out, throw down: cf. F. <ets>consternation</ets>. See <er>Straum</er>.]</ety> <def>Amazement or horror that confounds the faculties, and incapacitates for refletion; terror, combined with amaxement; dismay.</def>

<blockquote>The chiefs around,
In silence wrapped, in <b>onsternation</b> downed.
Attend the stern reply.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Alarm; fright; amazement; astonishment; surprise; panic; returbation. See <er>Alarm</er>.</syn>

<h1>Constipate</h1>
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<hw>Con"sti*pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Constipated</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Constipating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>constipatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>constipare</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>stipare</ets> to crowd together. See <er>Costive</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To crowd or cram into a narrow compass; to press together or condense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Of cold the property is to condense and <b>constipate</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stop (a channel) by filling it, and preventing passage through it; <as>as, to <ex>constipate</ex> the capillary vessels</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To render costive; to cause constipation in.</def>

<h1>Constipation</h1>
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<hw>Con`sti*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>constipatio</ets> a crowding together: cf.F. <ets>constipation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of crowding anything into a less compass, or the state of being crowded or pressed together; condensation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Fullness of matter, or a pretty close <b>constipation</b> . . . of its particles.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of the bowels in which the evacuations are infrequent and difficult, or the intestines become filled with hardened faces; costiveness.</def>

<h1>Constituency</h1>
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<hw>Con*stit"u*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.  <plw>Constituencies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A body of constituents, as the body of citizens or voters in a representative district.</def>

<h1>Constituent</h1>
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<hw>Con*stit"u*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>constituens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. See <er>Constitute</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Serving to form, compose, or make up; elemental; component.</def>

<blockquote>Body, soul, and reason are the three parts necessarily <b>constituent</b> of a man.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the power of electing or appointing.</def>

<blockquote>A question of right arises between the <b>constituent</b> and representative body.
<i>Junius.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Constituent</h1>
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<hw>Con*stit"u*ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The person or thing which constitutes, determines, or constructs.</def>

<blockquote>Their first composure and origination require a higher and nobler <b>constituent</b> than chance.
<i>Sir M. Hale</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which constitutes or composes, as a part, or an essential part; a component; an element.</def>

<blockquote>We know how to bring these <b>constituents</b> together, and to cause them to form water.
<i>Tyndall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One for whom another acts; especially, one who is represented by another in a legislative assembly; -- correlative to <i>representative</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The electors in the district of a representative in Congress, or in the legislature of a State, are termed his <b>constituents</b>.
<i>Abbot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To appeal from the representatives to the <b>constituents</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person who appoints another to act for him as attorney in fact.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Constitute</h1>
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<hw>Con"sti*tute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Constituted</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Constituting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>constitutus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>constiture</ets> to constitute; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>statuere</ets> to place, set, fr. <ets>status</ets> station, fr. <ets>stare</ets> to stand. See <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to stand; to establish; to enact.</def>

<blockquote>Laws appointed and <b>constituted</b> by lawful authority.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="310">
Page 310<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make up; to compose; to form.</def>

<blockquote>Truth and reason <b>constitute</b> that intellectual gold that defies destruction.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To appoint, depute, or elect to an offie; to make and empower.</def>

<blockquote>Me didst Thou <b>constitute</b> a priest of thine.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Constituted authorities</col>, <cd>the officers of government, collectively, as of a nation, city, town, etc.</cd></cs>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Constitute</h1>
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<hw>Con"sti*tute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An established law.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Preston.</i>

<h1>Constituter</h1>
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<hw>Con"sti*tu`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who constitutes or appoints.</def>

<h1>Constitution</h1>
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<hw>Con`sti*tu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>constitution</ets>, L. <ets>constitute</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of constituting; the action of enacting, establishing, or appointing; enactment; establishment; formation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being; that form of being, or structure and connection of parts, which constitutes and characterizes a system or body; natural condition; structure; texture; conformation.</def>

<blockquote>The physical <b>constitution</b> of the sun.
<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The agregate of all one's inherited physical qualities; the aggregate of the vital powers of an individual, with refernce to ability to endure hardship, resist disease, etc.; <as>as, a robust <ex>constitution</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Our <b>constitutions</b> have never been enfeebled by the vices or luxuries of the oid world.
<i>Story.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The aggregate of mental qualities; temperament.</def>

<blockquote>He defended himself with . . . less passion than was expected from his <b>constitution</b>.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The fundamental, organic law or principles of government of men, embodied in written documents, or implied in the institutions and usages of the country or society; also, a written instrument embodying such organic law, and laying down fundamental rules and principles for the conduct of affairs.</def>

<blockquote>Our <b>constitution</b> had begun to exist in times when statesmen were not much accustomed to frame exact definitions.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In England the constitution is unwritten, and may be modified from time to time by act of Parliament. In the United States a constitution cannot ordinarily be modified, exept through such processes as the constitution itself ordains.</note>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An authoritative ordinance, regulation or enactment; especially, one made by a Roman emperor, or one affecting ecclesiastical doctrine or disipline; <as>as, the <ex>constitutions</ex> of Justinian</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The positive <b>constutions</b> of our own churches.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>constitution</b> of Valentinian addressed to Olybrius, then prefect of Rome, for the regulation of the conduct of advocates.
<i>George Long.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Apostolic constitutions</col>. <cd>See under <er>Apostolic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Constitutional</h1>
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<hw>Con`sti*tu"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[f. F. <ets>constitutionnel</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to, or inherent in, the constitution, or in the structure of body or mind; <as>as, a <ex>constitutional</ex> infirmity; <ex>constitutional</ex> ardor or dullness.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In accordance with, or authorized by, the constitution of a state or a society; <as>as, <ex>constitutional</ex> reforms</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Regulated by, dependent on, or secured by, a constitution; <as>as, <ex>constitutional</ex> government; <ex>constitutional</ex> rights.</as></def>

<i>Hallam.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Relating to a constitution, or establishment form of government; <as>as, a <ex>constitutional</ex> risis</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The anient <b>constitutional</b> traditions of the state.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>For the benefit or one's constitution or health; <as>as, a <ex>constitutional</ex> walk</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Constitutional law</col>, <cd>law that relates to the constitution, as a permanent system of political and juridical government, as distinguished from statutory and common law, which relate to matters subordinate to such constitution.</cd></cs>

<h1>Constitutional</h1>
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<hw>Con`sti*tu"tion*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A walk or other exercise taken for one's health or constitution.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<blockquote>The men trudged diurnal <b>constitutionals</b> along the different roads.
<i>Compton Reade.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Constitutionalism</h1>
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<hw>Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The theory, principles, or authority of constitutional government; attachment or adherene to a constitution or constitutional government.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Constitutionalist</h1>
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<hw>Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who advocates a constitutional form of government; a constitutionalist.</def>

<h1>Constitutionality</h1>
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<hw>Con`sti*tu`tion*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. -<plw>ties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[f. F. <ets>constitutionalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being constitutional, or inherent in the natural frame.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being consistent with the constitution or frame of government, or of being authorized by its provisions.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<blockquote><b>Constitutionalities</b>, bottomless cavilings and questionings about written laws.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Constitutionally</h1>
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<hw>Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In accordance with the constitution or natural disposition of the mind or body; naturally; <as>as, he was <ex>constitutionally</ex> timid</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The English were <b>constitutionally</b> humane.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In accordance with the constitution or fundamental law; legally; <as>as, he was not <ex>constitutionally</ex> appointed</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Nothing would indue them to acknowledge that [such] an assembly . . . was <b>constitutionally</b> a Parliament.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Constitutionist</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con`sti*tu"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adheres to the constitution of the country.</def>

<i>Bolingbroke.</i>

<h1>Constitutive</h1>
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<hw>Con"sti*tu`tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tending or assisting to constitute or compose; elemental; essential.</def>

<blockquote>An ingredient and <b>constitutive</b> part of every virtue.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having power to enact, establish, or create; instituting; determining.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Constitutively</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con"sti*tu`tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a constitutive manner.</def>

<h1>Constrain</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*strain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Constrained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Constraining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>constraindre</ets>, F. <ets>contrainde</ets>, L. <ets>constringere</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>stringere</ets> to draw tight. See <er>Strain</er>, and. cf. <er>Constrict</er>, <er>Conbstringere</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To secure by bonds; to chain; to bond or con<?/; to hold tightly; to constringe.</def>

<blockquote>He binds in hains
The droway prophet, and his limbs <b>constrains</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When winter frosts <b>constrain</b> the fields with old.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring into a narrow compass; to compress.</def>

<blockquote>How the strait stays the slender waist <b>constrain</b>.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To hold back by force; to restrain; to repress.</def>

<blockquote>My sire in caves <b>constrains</b> the winds.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To compel; to force; to necessiate; to oblige.</def>

<blockquote>The love of Christ <b>constraineth</b> us.
<i>2. Cor. v. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I was <b>constrained</b> to appeal unto C<?/sar.
<i>Acts xxviii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To violate; to ravish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To produce in such a manner as to give an unnatural effet; <as>as, a <ex>constrained</ex> voice</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To compel; force; drive; impel; urge; press.</syn>

<h1>Constrainable</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*strain"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>constraignable</ets>, F. <ets>contraignable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being constrained; liable to constraint, or to restraint.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Constrained</h1>
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<hw>Con*strained"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marked by constraint; not free; not voluntary; embarrassed; <as>as, a <ex>constrained</ex> manner; a <ex>constrained</ex> tone.</as></def>

<h1>Constrainedly</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*strain"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By constraint or compulsion; in a constrained manner.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Constrainer</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*strain"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who constrains.</def>

<h1>Constraint</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*straint"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>constrainte</ets>, F. <ets>constrainte</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of constraining, or the state of being constrained; that which compels to, or restrains from, action; compulsion; restraint; necessity.</def>

<blockquote>Long imprisonment and hard <b>constraint</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Not by <b>constraint</b>, but b<?/ my choice, I came.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Compulsion; violence; necessity; urgency.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Constraint</er>, <er>Compulsion</er>. <i>Constraint</i> implies strong binding force; as, the <i>constraint</i> of necessity; the <i>constraint</i> of fear. <i>Compulsion</i> implies the exertion of some urgent impelling force; as, driven by <i>compulsion</i>. The former prevents us from acting agreeably to our wishes; the latter forces us to act contrary to our will. <i>Compulsion</i> is always produced by some active agent; a <i>constraint</i> may be laid upon us by the forms of civil society, or by other outward circumstances.</usage>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Constraintive</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*straint"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Constraining; compulsory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Any <i>constraintive</i> vow."

<i>R. Carew.</i>

<h1>Constrict</h1>
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<hw>Con*strict"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Constricted</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Constricting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>constrictus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>constringere</ets>. See <er>Constrain</er>.]</ety> <def>To draw together; to render narrower or smaller; to bind; to cramp; to contract or ause to shrink.</def>

<blockquote>Such things as <b>constrict</b> the fibers.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Membranous organs inclosing a cavity which their contraction <b>constrict</b>.
<i>Todd & Bowman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Constricted</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*strict"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Drawn together; bound; contracted; cramped.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Contracted or compressed so as to be smaller in certain places or parts than in others.</def>

<h1>Constriction</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*stric"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>constrictio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>constriction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of constricting by means of some inherent power or by movement or change in the thing itself, as distinguished from <i>compression</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being constricted; the point where a thing is constricted; a narrowing or binding.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>constriction</b> of the parts inservient to speech.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Constrictive</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*strict"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving or tending to bind or constrict.</def>

<h1>Constrictor</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*strict"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which constricts, draws together, or contracts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which contracts or closes an orifice, or which compresses an organ; a sphincter.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A serpent that kills its prey by inclosing and crushing it with its folds; <as>as, the boa <ex>constrictor</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Constringe</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*stringe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Constringed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Constringing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>constringere</ets>. See <er>onstrain</er>.]</ety> <def>To dawn together; to contract; to force to contract itself; to constrict; to cause to shrink.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Strong liquors . . . intoxicate, <b>constringe</b>, harden the fibers, and coagulate the fluids.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Constringent</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*strin"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>constringens</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of contracting, binding, or compressing.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Construct</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*struct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Constructed</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Constructing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>constructus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>construere</ets> to bring together, to construct; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>struere</ets> to pile up, set in order. See <er>Structure</er>, and cf. <er>Construe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put together the constituent parts of (something) in their proper place and order; to build; to form; to make; <as>as, to <ex>construct</ex> an edlifice</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To devise; to invent; to set in order; to arrange; <as>as, to <ex>construct</ex> a theory of ethics</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To build; erect; form; compile; make; fabricate; originate; invent.</syn>

<h1>Construct</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con"struct</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed by, or relating to, construction, interpretation, or inference.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Construct form</col> &or; <col>state</col></mcol> <fld>(Heb. Gram.)</fld>, <cd>that of a noun used before another which has the genitive relation to it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Constructer</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*struct"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, constructs or frames.</def>

<h1>Construction</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*struc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>constructio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>construction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The process or art of constructing; the act of building; erection; the act of devising and forming; fabrication; composition.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The form or manner of building or putting together the parts of anything; structure; arrangement.</def>

<blockquote>An astrolabe of peculiar <b>construction</b>.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The arrangement and connection of words in a sentence; syntactical arrangement.</def>

<blockquote>Some particles . . . in certain <b>constructions</b> have the sense of a whole sentence contained in them.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The method of construing, interpreting, or explaining a declaration or fact; an attributed sense or meaning; understanding; explanation; interpretation; sense.</def>

<blockquote>Any person . . . might, by the sort of <b>construction</b> that would be put on this act, become liable to the penalties of treason.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Strictly</b>, <b>the term</b> [<b>construction</b>] signifies determining the meaning and proper effect of language by a consideration of the subject matter and attendant circumstances in connection with the words employed.
<i>Abbott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Interpretation properly precedes <b>construction</b>, but it does not go beyond the written text.
<i>Parsons.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Construction of an equation</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the drawing of such lines and figures as will represent geometrically the quantities in the equation, and their relations to each other.</cd> -- <col>Construction train</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a train for transporting men and materials for construction or repairs.</cd></cs>

<h1>Constructional</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*struc"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or deduced from, construction or interpretation.</def>

<h1>Constructionist</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*struc"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who puts a certain construction upon some writing or instrument, as the Constitutions of the United States; <as>as, a strict <ex>constructionist</ex>; a broad <ex>constructionist</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Constructive</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*struct"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>constructif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having ability to construct or form; employed in construction; <as>as, to exhibit <ex>constructive</ex> power</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>constructive</b> fingers of Watts.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Derived from, or depending on, construction or interpretation; not directly expressed, but inferred.</def>

<cs><col>Constructive crimes</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>acts having effects analogous to those of some statutory or common law crimes; as, <i>constructive<i> treason. Constructive crimes are no longer recognized by the courts.</cd> -- <col>Constructive notice</col>, <cd>notice imputed by construction of law.</cd> -- <col>Constructive trust</col>, <cd>a trust which may be assumed to exist, though no actual mention of it be made.</cd></cs>

<h1>Constructively</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*struct"ive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a constructive manner; by construction or inference.</def>

<blockquote>A neutral must have notice of a blockade, either actually by a formal information, or <b>constructively</b> by notice to his government.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Constructiveness</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*struct"ive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tendency or ability to form or construct.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>The faculty which enables one to construct, as in mechanical, artistic, or literary matters.</def>

<h1>Constructor</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*struct"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>constructor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A constructer.</def>

<h1>Constructure</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*struc"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>  <def>That which is constructed or formed; an edifice; a fabric.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Construe</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con*strue</hw> <tt>(?; <it>Archaic</it> ?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. </tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Construed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Construing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>construere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>construire</ets>. See <er>Construct</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To apply the rules of syntax to (a sentence or clause) so as to exhibit the structure, arrangement, or connection of, or to discover the sense; to explain the construction of; to interpret; to translate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put a construction upon; to explain the sense or intention of; to interpret; to understand.</def>

<blockquote>Thus we are put to <b>construe</b> and paraphrase our own words to free ourselves either from the ignorance or malice of our enemies.
<i>Bp. Stilingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And to be dull was <b>construed</b> to be good.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Constuprate</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con"stu*prate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Construprated</er>; <tt>p.p. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Constuprating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>constupratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>constuprare</ets> to ravish; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>stuprare</ets> to ravish, <ets>stuprum</ets> rape.]</ety> <def>To ravish; to debauch.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Constupration</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con`stu*pra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of ravishing; violation; defilement.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Consubstantial</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con`sub*stan"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consubstantialis</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>substantialis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>consubstantiel</ets>. See <er>Substantial</er>.]</ety> <def>Of the same kind or nature; having the same substance or essence; coessential.</def>

<blockquote>Christ Jesus . . . coeternal and <b>consubstantial</b> with the Father and with the Holy Ghost.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consubstantialism</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con`sub*stan"tial*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine of consubstantiation.</def>

<h1>Consubstantialist</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con`sub*stan"tial*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes in consubstantiation.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Consubstantiality</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con`sub*stan"ti*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?;  106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>consubstantialit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Participation of the same nature; coexistence in the same substance.</def> "His [the Son's] . . . <i>consubstantiality</i> with the Father."

<i>Hammend.</i>

<h1>Consubstantially</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con`sub*stan"tial*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a consubstantial manner; with identity of substance or nature.</def>

<h1>Consubstantiate</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con`sub*stan"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>v. t. </tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Consubstantiated</er>; <tt>p.pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Consubstantiating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause to unite, or to regard as united, in one common substance or nature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>His soul must be <b>consubstantiated</b> with reason.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consubstantiate</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con`sub*stan"ti*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To profess or belive the doctrine of consubstantion.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>consubstantiating</b> church and priest.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consubstantiate</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con`sub*stan"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Partaking of the same substance; united; consubstantial.</def>

<blockquote>We must love her [the wife] that is thus <b>consubstantiate</b> with us.
<i>Feltham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consubstantiation</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con`sub*stan`ti*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An identity or union of substance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The actual, substantial presence of the body of Christ with the bread and wine of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper; impanation; -- opposed to <i>transubstantiation</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; This view, held by Luther himself, was called <i>consubstantiation</i> by non Lutheran writers in contradistinction to transsubstantiation, the Catholic view.</note>

<h1>Consuetude</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con"sue*tude</hw> <tt>(?; 144)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consuetudo</ets>. See <er>Custom</er>.]</ety> <def>Custom, habit; usage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To observe this <b>consuetude</b> or law.
<i>Barnes</i></blockquote>.

<h1>Consuetudinal</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con`sue*tu"di*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>consuetudinalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>According to custom; customary; usual.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Consuetudinary</h1>
<Xpage=310>

<hw>Con`sue*tu"di*na"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>consuetudinarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Customary.</def>

<hr>
<page="311">
Page 311<p>

<h1>Cussuetudinary</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Cus`sue*tu"di*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Consuetudinaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A manual or ritual of customary devotional exercises.</def>

<h1>Consul</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con"sul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., prob. fr. <ets>consulere</ets> to deliberate. See <er>Consult</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>One of the two chief magistrates of the republic.</def>

<note>&hand; They were chosen annually, originally from the patricians only, but later from the plebeians also.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A senator; a counselor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Many of the <b>consuls</b>, raised and met,
Are at the duke's already.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With kings and <b>consuls</b> of the earth.
<i>Job. iii. 14 (Douay Ver. )</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Fr. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the three chief magistrates of France from 1799 to 1804, who were called, respectively, first, second, and third consul.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An official comissioned to reside in some foreign country, to care for the commercial interests of the citizens of the appointing government, and to protect its seamen.</def>

<cs><col>Consul general</col>, <cd>a consul of the first rank, stationed in an important place, or having jurisdiction in several places or over several consula.</cd> -- <col>Vice consul</col>, <cd>a consular officer holding the place of a consul during the consul's absence or after he has been relieved.</cd></cs>

<h1>Consulage</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con"sul*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A duty or tax paid by merchants for the protection of their connerce by means of a consul in a foreign place.</def>

<h1>Consular</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con"su*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consularis</ets>; cf. F. <ets>consulaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a consul; performing the duties of a consul; <as>as, <ex>consular</ex> power; <ex>consular</ex> dignity; <ex>consular</ex> officers.</as></def>

<h1>Consulary</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con"su*la"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consular.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Consulate</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con"su*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consulatus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>consulat</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The office of a consul.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The jurisdiction or residence of a consul.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Consular government; term of office of a consul.</def>

<h1>Consulship</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con"sul*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The office of a consul; consulate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The term of office of a consul.</def>

<h1>Consult</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*sult"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Consulted</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Consulting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>consultare</ets>, fr. <ets>consulere</ets> to consult: cf. f. <ets>consulter</ets>. Cf. <er>Counsel</er>.]</ety> <def>To seek the opinion or advice of another; to take consel; to deliberate together; to confer.</def>

<blockquote>Let us <b>consult</b> upon to-morrow's business.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All the laws of England have been made by the kings England, <b>consulting</b> with the nobility and commons.
<i>Hobbes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consult</h1>
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<hw>Con*sult"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ask advice of; to seek the opinion of; to apply to for information or instruction; to refer to; <as>as, to <ex>consult</ex> a physician; to <ex>consult</ex> a dictionary.</as></def>

<blockquote>Men fergot, or feared, to <b>consult</b> . . . ; they were content to <b>consult</b> liberaries.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have reference to, in judging or acting; to have regard to; to consider; <as>as, to <ex>consult</ex> one's wishes</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We are . . .  to <b>consult</b> the necessities of life, rather than matters of ornament and delight.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deliberate upon; to take for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Manythings were there <b>consulted</b> for the future, yet nothing was positively resolved.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To bring about by counsel or contrivance; to devise; to contrive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou hast <b>consulted</b> shame to thy <?/use by cutting off many people.
<i>Hab. ii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consult</h1>
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<hw>Con*sult"</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>  <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of consulting or deliberating; consultation; also, the result of consulation; determination; decision.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The council broke;
And all grave <b>consults</b> dissolved in smoke.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A council; a meeting for consultation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>consult</i> of coquettes."

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Agreement; concert</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Consultary</h1>
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<hw>Con*sult"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed by consultation; resulting from conference.</def>

<cs><col>Consultary response</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the opinion of a court on a special case.</cd></cs>

<i>Wharton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consultation</h1>
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<hw>Con`sul*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consultatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>consultation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of consulting or conferring; deliberation of two or more persons on some matter, with a view to a decision.</def>

<blockquote>Thus they doubtful <b>consultations</b> dark
Ended.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A council or conference, as of physicians, held to consider a special case, or of lawyers restained in a cause.</def>

<cs><col>Writ of consultation</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a writ by which a cause, improperly removed by prohibition from one court to another, is returned to the court from which it came; -- so called because the judges, on <i>consultation<i>, find the prohibition ill-founded.</cd></cs>

<h1>Consultative</h1>
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<hw>Con*sult"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to consultation; having the privilege or right of conference.</def> "A <i>consultative</i> . . . power."

<i>Abp. Bramhall.</i>

<h1>Consultatory</h1>
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<hw>Con*sult"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed by, or resulting from, consultation; advisory.</def>

<i>Bancroft.</i>

<h1>Consulter</h1>
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<hw>Con*sult"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who consults, or asks counsel or information.</def>

<h1>Consulting</h1>
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<hw>Con*sult"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That consults.</def>

<cs><col>Consulting physician</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a physician who consults with the attending practitioner regarding any case of disease.</cd></cs>

<h1>Consultive</h1>
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<hw>Con*sult"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Determined by, or pertaining to, consultation; deliberate; consultative.</def>

<blockquote>He that remains in the grace of God sins not by any deliberative, <b>consultive</b>, knowing act.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consumable</h1>
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<hw>Con*sum"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being consumed; that may be destroyed, dissipated, wasted, or spent.</def> "<i>Consumable</i> commodities."

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Consume</h1>
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<hw>Con*sume"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Consumed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Consuming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>consumere</ets> to take wholly or complectely, to consume; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sumere</ets> to take; <ets>sub + emere</ets> to buv. See <er>Redeem</er>.]</ety> <def>To destroy, as by decomposition, dissipation, waste, or fire; to use up; to expend; to waste; to burn up; to eat up; to devour.</def>

<blockquote>If he were putting to my house the brand
That shall <b>consume</b> it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth <b>consume</b>.
<i>Matt. vi. 20 (Rev. Ver. ).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let me alone . . . that I may <b>consume</b> them.
<i>Ex. xxxii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To destroy; swallow up; ingulf; absorb; waste; exhaust; spend; expend; squander; lavish; dissipate.</syn>

<h1>Consume</h1>
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<hw>Con*sume"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To waste away slowly.</def>

<blockquote>Therefore, let Renedick, like covered fire,
<b>Consume</b> away in sighs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consumedly</h1>
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<hw>Con*sum"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Excessively.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<blockquote>He's so <b>consumedly</b> pround of it.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consumer</h1>
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<hw>Con*sum"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, consumes; <as>as, the <ex>consumer</ex> of food</as>.</def>

<h1>Consumingly</h1>
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<hw>Con*sum"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a consuming manner.</def>

<h1>Consummate</h1>
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<hw>Con*sum"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consummatus</ets>, p.p. or <ets>consummare</ets> to accomplish, sum up; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>summa</ets> sum. See <er>Sum</er>.]</ety> <def>Carried to the utmost extent or degree; of the highest quality; complete; perfect.</def> "A man of perfect and <i>consummate</i> virtue."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>The little band held the post with <b>consummate</b> tenacity.
<i>Motley</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consummate</h1>
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<hw>Con"sum*mate</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t. </tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Consummated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Consummating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring to completion; to raise to the highest point or degree; to complete; to finish; to perfect; to achieve.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>consummate</b> this business happily.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consummately</h1>
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<hw>Con*sum"mate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a consummate manner; completely.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Consummation</h1>
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<hw>Con`sum*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>consummatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of consummating, or the state of being consummated; completed; completion; perfection; termination; end (as of the world or of life).</def>

<blockquote>"Tis a <b>consummation</b>
Devoutly to be wished.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>From its original to its <b>consummation</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Quiet <b>consummation</b> have,
And renown<?/d be thy grave.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Consummation of marrige</col>, <cd>completion of the connubial relation by actual cohabition.</cd></cs>

<h1>Consummative</h1>
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<hw>Con*sum"ma*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to consummate; completing.</def> "The final, the <i>consummative</i> procedure of philosophy."

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Consumption</h1>
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<hw>Con*sump"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>consumptio: cf. F. <ets>consomption</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of consuming by use, waste, etc.; decay; destruction.</def>

<blockquote>Every new advance of the price to the consumer is a new incentive to him to retrench the quality of his <b>consumption</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state or process of being consumed, wasted, or diminished; waste; diminution; loss; decay.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A progressive wasting away of the body; esp., that form of wasting, attendant upon pulmonary phthisis and associated with cough, spitting of blood, hectic fever, etc.; pulmonary phthisis; -- called also <altname>pulmonary consumption</altname>.</def><-- tuberculosis -->

<cs><col>Consumption of the bowels</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>inflammation and ulceration of the intestines from tubercular disease.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Decline; waste; decay. See <er>Decline</er>.</syn>

<h1>Consumptive</h1>
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<hw>Con*sump"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>consomptif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to consumption; having the quality of consuming, or dissipating; destructive; wasting.</def>

<blockquote>It [prayer] is not <b>consumptive</b> or our time.
<i>Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A long <b>consumptive</b> war.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Affected with, or inclined to, consumption.</def>

<blockquote>The lean, <b>consumptive</b> wench, with coughs decayed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Consumptive</h1>
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<hw>Con*sump"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One affected with consumption; <as>as, a resort for <ex>consumptives</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Consumptively</h1>
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<hw>Con*sump"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a way tending to or indication consumption.</def>

<i>Beddoes.</i>

<h1>Consumptiveness</h1>
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<hw>Con*sump"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being consumptive, or a tendency to a consumption.</def>

<h1>Contabescent</h1>
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<hw>Con`ta*bes"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contabescenc</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>contabescere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wasting away gradually.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

- <wordforms><wf>Con*ta*bes"cence</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Contact</h1>
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<hw>Con"tact</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contactus</ets>, fr. <ets>contingere</ets>, <ets>-tactum</ets>, to touch on all sides. See <er>Contingent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A close union or junction of bodies; a touching or meeting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The property of two curves, or surfaces, which meet, and at the point of meeting have a common direction.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The plane between two adjacent bodies of dissimilar rock.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<cs><col>Contact level</col>, <cd>a delicate level so pivoted as to tilt when two parts of a measuring apparatus come into contact with each other; -- used in precise determinations of lengths and in the accurate graduation of instruments.</cd></cs>

<h1>Contaction</h1>
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<hw>Con*tac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of touching.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Contagion</h1>
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<hw>Con*ta"gion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contagio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contagion</ets>. See <er>Contact</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The transmission of a disease from one person to another, by direct or indirect contact.</def>

<note>&hand; The term has been applied by some to the action of miasmata arising from dead animal or vegetable matter, bogs, fens, etc., but in this sense it is now abandoned.</note>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<blockquote>And will he steal out of his wholesome bed
To dare the vile <b>contagion</b> of the night?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which serves as a medium or agency to transmit disease; a virus produced by, or exhalation proceeding from, a diseased person, and capable of reproducing the disease.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act or means of communicating any influence to the mind or heart; <as>as, the <ex>contagion</ex> of enthusiasm</as>.</def> "The <i>contagion</i> of example."

<i>Eikon Basilike.</i>

<blockquote>When lust . . .
Lets in defilement to the inward parts,
The soul grows clotted by <b>contagion</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Venom; poison.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "I'll touch my point with this <i>contagion</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Infection</er>.</syn>

<h1>Contagioned</h1>
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<hw>Con*ta"gioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected by contagion.</def>

<h1>Contagionist</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*ta"gion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes in the contagious character of certain diseases, as of yellow fever.</def>

<h1>Contagious</h1>
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<hw>Con*ta"gious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contagiosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contagieux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Communicable by contact, by a virus, or by a bodily exhalation; catching; <as>as, a <ex>contagious</ex> disease</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conveying or generating disease; pestilential; poisonous; <as>as, <ex>contagious</ex> air</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Spreading or communicable from one to another; exciting similar emotions or conduct in others.</def>

<blockquote>His genius rendered his courage more <b>contagious</b>.
<i>Wirt.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The spirit of imitation is <b>contagious</b>.
<i>Ames.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Contagious</er>, <er>Infectious</er>.</syn> <usage> These words have been used in very diverse senses; but, in general, a <i>contagious</i> disease has considered as one which is caught from another by contact, by the breath, by bodily effluvia, etc.; while an <i>infectious</i> disease supposes some entirely different cause acting by a hidden influence, like the miasma of prison ships, of marshes, etc., <i>infecting</i> the system with disease. "This distinction, though not universally admitted by medical men, as to the literal meaning, of the words, certainly applies to them in their figurative use. Thus we speak of the <i>contagious</i> influence of evil associates; their <i>contagion</i> of bad example, the <i>contagion</i> of fear, etc., when we refer to transmission by proximity or contact. On the other hand, we speak of <i>infection</i> by bad principles, etc., when we consider anything as diffused by some hidden influence.</usage>

<h1>Contagiously</h1>
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<hw>Con*ta"gious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a contagious manner.</def>

<h1>Contagiousness</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*ta"gious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being contagious.</def>

<h1>Contagium</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*ta"gi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Contagion; contagious matter.</def> "<i>Contagium</i> of measles."

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Contain</h1>
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<hw>Con*tain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Contained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Containing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>contenen</ets>, <ets>conteinen</ets>, F. <ets>contenir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>continere</ets>, <ets>-tentum</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>tenere</ets> to hold. See <er>Tenable</er>, and cf. <er>Countenance</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hold within fixed limits; to comprise; to include; to inclose; to hold.</def>

<blockquote>Behold, heaven and the heaven of heavens can not <b>contain</b> thee; how much less this house!
<i>2 Chron. vi. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When that this body did <b>contain</b> a spirit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What thy stores <b>contain</b> bring forth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have capacity for; to be able to hold; to hold; to be equivalent to; <as>as, a bushel <ex>contains</ex> four pecks</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To put constraint upon; to restrain; to confine; to keep within bounds.</def> <mark>[Obs., exept as used reflexively.]</mark>

<blockquote>The king's person <b>contains</b> the unruly people from evil occasions.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fear not, my lord: we can <b>contain</b> ourselves.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contain</h1>
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<hw>Con*tain"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To restrain desire; to live in continence or chastity.</def>

<blockquote>But if they can not <b>contain</b>, let them marry.
<i>1 Cor. vii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Containable</h1>
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<hw>Con*tain"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being contained or comprised.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Containant</h1>
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<hw>Con*tain"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A container.</def>

<h1>Container</h1>
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<hw>Con*tain"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, contains.</def>

<h1>Containment</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*tain"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is contained; the extent; the substance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>containment</b> of a rich man's estate.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contaminable</h1>
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<hw>Con*tam"i*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being contaminated.</def>

<h1>Contaminate</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*tam"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Contaminated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Contaminating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>contaminatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>contaminare</ets> to bring into contact, to contaminate, fr. <ets>contamen</ets> contagion, for <ets>contagmen</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + root of <ets>tangere</ets> to touch. See <er>Contact</er>.]</ety> <def>To soil, stain, or corrupt by contact; to tarnish; to sully; to taint; to pollute; to defile.</def>

<blockquote>Shall we now
<b>Contaminate</b> our figures with base bribes?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I would neither have simplicity imposed upon, nor virtue <b>contaminated</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To pollute; defile; sully; taint; tarnish; soil; stain; corrupt.</syn>

<h1>Contaminate</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*tam"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Contaminated; defiled; polluted; tainted.</def> "<i>Contaminate</i> drink."

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Contamination</h1>
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<hw>Con*tam`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contaminatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of contaminating; pollution; defilement; taint; also, that which contaminates.</def>

<h1>Contamitive</h1>
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<hw>Con*tam"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending or liable to contaminate.</def>

<h1>Contango</h1>
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<hw>Con*tan"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Contangoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Prob. a corruption of <ets>contingent</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>The premium or interest paid by the buyer to the seller, to be allowed to defer paying for the stock purchased until the next fortnightly settlement day.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The postponement of payment by the buyer of stock on the payment of a premium to the seller. See <er>Backwardation</er>.</def>

<i>N. Biddle.</i>

<h1>Contection</h1>
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<hw>Con*tec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contegere</ets>, <ets>-tectum</ets>, to cover up.]</ety> <def>A covering.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Contek</h1>
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<hw>Con"tek</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>conteck</ets>, <ets>conteke</ets>, <ets>contake</ets>, perh. a corruption either of <ets>contact</ets> or <ets>contest</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Quarrel; contention; contest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Contek</b> with bloody knife.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>2</h1>
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<hw>2</hw> <def>Contumely; reproach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Contemn</h1>
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<hw>Con*temn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Contemned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Contemning</er> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>contemnere</ets>, <ets>-temptum</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>temnere</ets> to slight, despise: cf. OF. <ets>contemner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To view or treat with contempt, as mean and despicable; to reject with disdain; to despise; to scorn.</def>

<blockquote>Thy pompous delicacies I <b>contemn</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>One who <b>contemned</b> divine and human laws.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To despise; scorn; disdain; spurn; slight; neglect; underrate; overlook.</syn> <usage> -- <er>To Contemn</er>, <er>Despise</er>, <er>Scorn</er>, <er>Disdain</er>. <i>Contemn</i> is the generic term, and is applied especially to objects, qualities, etc., which are deemed contemptible, and but rarely to individuals; to <i>despise</i> is to regard or treat as mean, unbecoming, or worthless; to <i>scorn</i> is stronger, expressing a quick, indignant contempt; <i>disdain</i> is still stronger, denoting either unwarrantable pride and haughtiness or an abhorrence of what is base.</usage>

<h1>Contemner</h1>
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<hw>Con*tem"ner</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>  <def>One who contemns; a despiser; a scorner.</def> "<i>Contemners</i> of the gods."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Contemningly</h1>
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<hw>Con*tem"ning*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Contemptuously.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Contemper</h1>
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<hw>Con*tem"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contemperare</ets>, <ets>-temperatum</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>temperare</ets> to temper. Cf. <er>Contemperate</er>.]</ety> <def>To modify or temper; to allay; to qualify; to moderate; to soften.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The antidotes . . . have allayed its bitterness and <b>contempered</b> its malignancy.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contemperate</h1>
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<hw>Con*tem"per*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Contemper</er>.]</ety> <def>To temper; to moderate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Moisten and <b>contemperate</b> the air.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contemperation</h1>
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<hw>Con*tem`per*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of tempering or moderating.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Proportionate mixture or combination.</def> "<i>Contemperation</i> of light and shade."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Contemperature</h1>
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<hw>Con*tem"per*a*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>  <def>The condition of being tempered; proportionate mixture; temperature.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The different <b>contemperature</b> of the elements.
<i>SDouth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contemplance</h1>
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<hw>Con*tem"plance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Contemplation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Contemplant</h1>
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<hw>Con*tem"plant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contemplans</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>Given to contemplation; meditative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Contemplate</h1>
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<hw>Con"tem*plate</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Contemplated</er> <tt>(# &or; #)</tt>; <tt>p.pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Contemplating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>contemplatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>contemplari</ets> to contemplate; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>templum</ets> a space for observation marked out by the augur. See <er>Temple</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To look at on all sides or in all its bearings; to view or consider with continued attention; to regard with deliberate care; to meditate on; to study.</def>

<blockquote>To love, at least <b>contemplate</b> and admire,
What I see excellent.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>We thus dilate
Our spirits to the size of that they <b>contemplate</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To consider or have in view, as contingent or probable; to look forward to; to purpose; to intend.</def>

<blockquote>There remain some particulars to complete the information <b>contemplated</b> by those resolutions.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If a treaty contains any stipulations which <b>contemplate</b> a state of future war.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To view; behold; study; ponder; muse; meditate on; reflect on; consider; intend; design; plan; propose; purpose. See <er>Meditate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Contemplate</h1>
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<hw>Con"tem*plate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To consider or think studiously; to ponder; to reflect; to muse; to meditate.</def>

<blockquote>So many hours must I <b>contemplate</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contemplation</h1>
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<hw>Con`tem*pla"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>contemplation</ets>, L. <ets>contemplatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of the mind in considering with attention; continued attention of the mind to a particular subject; meditation; musing; study.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>contemplation</b> of created things,
By steps we may ascend to God.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Contemplation</b> is keeping the idea which is brought into the mind for some time actually in view.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Holy meditation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To live in prayer and <b>contemplation</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of looking forward to an event as about to happen; expectation; the act of intending or purposing.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>contemplation</b> of returning at an early date, he left.
<i>Reid.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To have in contemplation</col>, <cd>to inted or purpose, or to have under consideration.</cd></cs>

<h1>Contemplatist</h1>
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<hw>Con*tem"pla*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A contemplator.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Contemplative</h1>
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<hw>Con*tem"pla*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>contemplatif</ets>, L. <ets>contemplativus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to contemplation; addicted to, or employed in, contemplation; meditative.</def>

<blockquote>Fixed and <b>contemplative</b> their looks.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the power of contemplation; <as>as, <ex>contemplative</ex> faculties</as>.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Contemplative</h1>
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<hw>Con*tem"pla*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A religious or either sex devoted to prayer and meditation, rather than to active works of charity.</def>

<h1>Contemplatively</h1>
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<hw>Con*tem"pla*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With contemplation; in a contemplative manner.</def>

<h1>Contemplativeness</h1>
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<hw>Con*tem"pla*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being contemplative; thoughtfulness.</def>

<h1>Contemplator</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con"tem*pla`tor</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who contemplates.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Contemporaneity</h1>
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<hw>Con*tem`po*ra*ne"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being contemporaneous.</def>

<blockquote>The lines of <b>contemporaneity</b> in the o\'94litic system.
<i>J. Philips.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contemporaneous</h1>
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<hw>Con*tem`po*ra"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contemporaneus</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>tempus</ets> time. See <er>Temporal</er>, and cf. <er>Contemporaneous</er>.]</ety> <def>Living, existing, or occurring at the same time; contemporary.</def>

<blockquote>The great age of Jewish philosophy, that of Aben Esra, Maimonides, and Kimchi, had been <b>contemporaneous</b> with the later Spanish school of Arabic philosophy.
<i>Milman</i></blockquote>

- <wordforms><wf>Con*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Contemporaneously</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>At the same time with some other event.</def>

<h1>Contemporariness</h1>
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<hw>Con*tem"po*ra*ri*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Existence at the same time; contemporaneousness.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Contemporary</h1>
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<hw>Con*tem"po*ra*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>con-</ets> + L. <ets>temporarius</ets> of belonging to time, <ets>tempus</ets> time. See <er>Temporal</er>, and cf. <er>Contemporaneous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Living, occuring, or existing, at the same time; done in, or belonging to, the same times; contemporaneous.</def>

<blockquote>This king [Henry VIII.] was <b>contemporary</b> with the greatest monarchs of Europe.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of the same age; coeval.</def>

<blockquote>A grove born with himself he sees,
And loves his old <b>contemporary</b> trees.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contemporary</h1>
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<hw>Con*tem"po*ra*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Contemporaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> One who lives at the same time with another; <as>as, Petrarch and Chaucer were <ex>contemporaries</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Contempt</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*tempt"</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contemptus</ets>, fr. <ets>contemnere</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>contempt</ets>. See <er>Contemn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of contemning or despising; the feeling with which one regards that which is esteement mean, vile, or worthless; disdain; scorn.</def>

<blockquote>Criminal <b>contempt</b> of public feeling.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nothing, says Longinus, can be great, the <b>contempt</b> of which is great.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being despised; disgrace; shame.</def>

<blockquote><b>Contempt</b> and begarry hangs upon thy back.
<i>Shaks.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An act or expression denoting contempt.</def>

<blockquote>Little insults and <b>contempts</b>.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>contempt</b> and anger of his lip.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Disobedience of the rules, orders, or process of a court of justice, or of rules or orders of a legislative body; disorderly, contemptuous, or insolent language or behavior in presence of a court, tending to disturb its proceedings, or impair the respect due to its authority.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Contempt</i> is in some jurisdictions extended so as to include publications reflecting injuriously on a court of justice, or commenting unfairly on pending proceedings; in other jurisdictions the courts are prohibited by statute or by the constitution from thus exercising this process.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Disdain; scorn; derision; mockery; contumely; neglect; disregard; slight.</syn>

<h1>Contemptibility</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*tempt`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being contemptible; contemptibleness.</def>

<i>Speed.</i>

<h1>Contemptible</h1>
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<hw>Con*tempt"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Worthy of contempt; deserving of scorn or disdain; mean; vile; despicable.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The arguments of tyranny are as<b>contemptible</b> as its force is dreadful.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Despised; scorned; neglected; abject.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Insolent; scornful; contemptuous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If she should make tender of her love, 't is very possible he 'll scorn it; for the man . . . hath a <b>contemptible</b> spirit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Despicable; abject; vile; mean; base; paltry; worthless; sorry; pitiful; scurrile.</syn> <usage> See <er>Contemptuous</er>. -- <er>Contemptible</er>, <er>Despicable</er>, <er>Pitiful</er>, <er>Paltry</er>. <i>Despicable</i> is stronger than <i>contemptible</i>, as <i>despise</i> is stronger than <i>contemn</i>. It implies keen disapprobation, with a mixture of anger. A man is <i>despicable</i> chiefly for low actions which mark his life, such as servility, baseness, or mean adulation. A man is <i>contemptible</i> for mean qualities which distinguish his character, especially those which show him to be weak, foolish, or worthless. Treachery is <i>despicable</i>, egotism is <i>contemptible</i>. <i>Pitiful</i> and <i>paltry</i> are applied to cases which are beneath anger, and are simply <i>contemptible</i> in a high degree.</usage>

<h1>Contemptibleness</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*tempt"i*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being contemptible, or of being despised.</def>

<h1>Contemptibly</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*tempt"i*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a contemptible manner.</def>

<h1>Contemptuous</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*temp"tu*ous</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>  <def>Manifecting or expressing contempt or disdain; scornful; haughty; insolent; disdainful.</def>

<blockquote>A proud, <b>contemptious</b> behavior.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Savage invectiveand <b>contemptuous</b> sarcasm.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Rome . . . entertained the most <b>contemptuous</b> opinion of the Jews.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Scornful; insolent; haughty; disdainful; supercilious; insulting; contumelious.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Contemptuous</er>, <er>Contemptible</er>. These words, from their similarity of sound, are sometimes erroneously interchanged, as when a person speaks of having "a very <i>contemptible</i> opinion of another." <i>Contemptible</i> is applied to that which is the object of contempt; as, <i>contemptible</i> conduct; a<i>contemptible</i> fellow. <i>Contemptuous</i> is applied to that which indicates contempts; as, a <i>contemptuous</i> look; a <i>contemptuous</i> remark; <i>contemptuous</i> treatment. A person, or whatever is personal, as an action, an expression, a feeling, an opinion, may be either <i>contemptuous</i> or <i>contemptible</i>; a thing may be <i>contemptible</i>, but can not be <i>contemptuous</i>.</usage>

<h1>Contemptuously</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*temp"tu*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a contemptuous manner; with scorn or disdain; despitefully.</def>

<blockquote>The apostles and most eminent Christians were poor, and used <b>contemptuously</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contemptuousness</h1>
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<hw>Con*temp"tu*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disposition to or manifestion of contempt; insolence; haughtiness.</def>

<h1>Contend</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*tend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Contended</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Contending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>contendre</ets>, L. <ets>contendere</ets>, <ets>-tentum</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>tendere</ets> to strech. See <er>Tend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strive in opposition; to contest; to dispute; to vie; to quarrel; to fight.</def>

<blockquote>For never two such kingdoms did <b>content</b>
Without much fall of blood.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Lord said unto me, Distress not the Moabites, neither <b>contend</b> with them in battle.
<i>Deut. ii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In ambitious strength I did
<b>Contend</b> against thy valor.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To struggle or exert one's self to obtain or retain possession of, or to defend.</def>

<blockquote>You sit above, and see vain men below
<b>Contend</b> for what you only can bestow.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To strive in debate; to engage in discussion; to dispute; to argue.</def>

<blockquote>The question which our author would <b>contend</b> for.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Many things he fiercely <b>contended</b> about were trivial.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To struggle; fight; combat; vie; strive; oppose; emulate; contest; litigate; dispute; debate.</syn>

<h1>Contend</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*tend"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To struggle for; to contest.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Carthage shall <b>contend</b> the world with Rome.Dryden.

<h1>Contendent</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*tend"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contendens</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>n antagonist; a contestant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In all notable changes and revolutions the <b>contendents</b> have been still made a prey to the third party.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contender</h1>
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<hw>Con*tend"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who contends; a contestant.</def>

<h1>Contendress</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*tend"ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female contestant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Contenement</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*ten"e*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>tenemnt</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>That which is held together with another thing; that which is connected with a tenetment, or thing holden, as a certin quantity of land a<?/jacent to a dwelling, and necessary to the reputable enjoyment of the dwelling; appurtenance.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Content</h1>
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<hw>Con*tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>content</ets>, fr. L. <ets>contentus</ets>, p.p. of contenire to hold together, restrain. See <er>Contain</er>.]</ety> <def>Contained within limits; hence, having the desires limited by that which one has; not disposed to repine or grumble; satisfied; contented; at rest.</def>

<blockquote>Having food rainment, let us be therewith <b>content</b>.
<i>1 Tim. vi. 8.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Content</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con"tent</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <i>usually in pl</i>., <plw>Contents</plw>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is contained; the thing or things held by a receptacle or included within specified limits; <as>as, the <ex>contents</ex> of a cask or bale or of a room; the <ex>contents</ex> of a book.</as></def>

<blockquote>I shall prove these writings . . . authentic, and the <b>contents</b> true, and worthy of a divine original.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Power of containing; capacity; extent; size.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Strong ship's, of great <b>content</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Area or quantity of space or matter contained within certain limits; <as>as, solid <ex>contents</ex>; superficial <ex>contents</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The geometrical <b>content</b>, figure, and situation of all the lands of a kingdom.
<i>Graunt.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Table of contents</col>, &or; <col>Contents</col></mcol>, <cd>a table or list of topics in a book, showing their order and the place where they may be found: a summary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Content</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*tent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>contenter</ets>, LL. <ets>contentare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>contentus</ets>, p.p. See <er>Content</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To satisfy the desires of; to make easy in any situation; to appease or quiet; to gratify; to please.</def>

<blockquote>Do not <b>content</b> yourselves with obscure and confused ideas, where clearer are to be attained.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Pilate, willing to <b>content</b> the people, released Barabbas unto them.
<i>Mark xv. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To satisfy the expectations of; to pay; to requite.</def>

<blockquote>Come the next Sabbath, and I will <b>content</b> you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To satisfy; appease; plese. See <er>Satiate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Content</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*tent"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rest or quietness of the mind in one's present condition; freedom from discontent; satisfaction; contentment; moderate happiness.</def>

<blockquote>Such is the fullness of my heart's <b>content</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Acquiescence without examination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The sense they humbly take upon <b>content</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which contents or satisfies; that which if attained would make one happy.</def>

<blockquote>So will I in England work your grace's full <b>content</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eng. House of Lords)</fld> <def>An expression of assent to a bill or motion; an affirmate vote; also, a member who votes "Content.".</def>

<blockquote>Supposing the number of "<b>Contents</b>" and "Not contents" strictly equal in number and consequence.Burke.

<h1>Contentation</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con`ten*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>contentatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Content; satisfaction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Contented</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*tent"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Content; easy in mind; satisfied; quiet; willing.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Con*tent"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Con*tent"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Contentful</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*tent"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of content.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Contention</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*ten"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>contention</ets>, L. <ets>contentio</ets>. See <er>Contend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A violent effort or struggle to obtain, or to resist, something; contest; strife.</def>

<blockquote>I would my ar<?/s could match thee in <b>contenion</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Strife in words; controversy; altercation quarrel; dispute; <as>as, a bone of <ex>contention</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Contentions</b> and strivings about the law.
<i>Titus iii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Vehemence of endeavor; eagerness; ardor; zeal.</def>

<blockquote>An end . . . worthy our utmost <b>contenion</b> to obtain.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A point maintained in an argument, or a line of argument taken in its support; the subject matter of discussion of strife; a position taken or contended for.</def>

<blockquote>All men seem agreed what is to be done; the <b>contention</b> is how the subject is to be divided and defined.
<i>Bagehot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This was my original <b>contention</b>, and I still maintain that you should abide by your former decision.
<i>Jowett.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Struggle; strife; contest; quarrel; combat; conflict; feud; litigation; controversy; dissension; variance; disagreement; debate; competition; emulation.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Contention</er>, <er>Strife</er>. A struggle between two parties is the idea common to these two words. <i>Strife</i> is a struggle for mastery; <i>contention</i> is a struggle for the possession of some desired object, or the accomplishment of some favorite end. Neither of the words is necessairly used in a bad sense, since there may be a generous <i>strife</i> or <i>contention</i> between two friends as to which shall incur danger or submit to sacrifices. Ordinarily, however, these words denote a struggle arising from bad passions. In that case, <i>strife</i> usually springs from a quarrelsome temper, and <i>contention</i> from, a selfish spirit which seeks its own aggrandizement, or is fearful lest others should obtain too such. <i>Strife</i> has more reference to the manner than to the object of a struggle, while <i>contention</i> takes more account of the end to be gained.</usage>

<h1>Contentious</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*ten"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contentiosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contentieux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fond of contention; given to angry debate; provoking dispute or contention; quarrelsome.</def>

<blockquote>Despotic and <b>contentious</b> temper.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating to contention or strife; involving or characterized by contention.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>More cheerfull; though not less <b>contentious</b>, regions.
<i>Brougham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Contested; litigated; litigious; having power to decide controversy.</def>

<cs><col>Contentious jurisdiction</col> <fld>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</fld>, <cd>jurisdiction over matters in controversy between parties, in contradistinction to <i>voluntary jurisdiction<i>, or that exercised upon matters not opposed or controverted.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Quarrelsome; pugnacious; dissentious; wrangling; litigious; perverse; peevish.</syn>

- <wordforms><wf>Con*ten"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Con*ten"tious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Contentless</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*tent"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Content</ets> + <ets>-less</ets>.]</ety> <def>Discontented; dissatisfied.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Contently</h1>
<Xpage=311>

<hw>Con*tent"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a contented manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="313">
Page 313<p>

<h1>Contentment</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tent"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>contentement</ets>. See <er>Content</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being contented or satisfied; content.</def>

<blockquote><b>Contentment</b> without external honor is humility.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Godliness with <b>contentment</b> is great gain.
<i>1 Tim. vi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or process of contenting or satisfying; <as>as, the <ex>contentment</ex> of avarice is impossible</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Gratification; pleasure; satisfaction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>At Paris the prince spent one whole day to give his mind some <b>contentment</b> in viewing of a famous city.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contents</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tents</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>  <def>See <er>Content</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Conterminable</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*ter"mi*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the same bounds; terminating at the same time or place; conterminous.</def>

<blockquote>Love and life not <b>conterminable</b>.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conterminal</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*ter"mi*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>conterminalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Conterminous.</def>

<h1>Conterminant</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*ter"mi*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the same limits; ending at the same time; conterminous.</def>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Conterminate</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*ter"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conterminare</ets> to border upon, fr. <ets>conterminus</ets> conterminous; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>terminus</ets> border.]</ety> <def>Having the same bounds; conterminous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Conterminous</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*ter"mi*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conterminus</ets>.  Cf. <er>Conterminous</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the same bounds, or limits; bordering upon; contiguous.</def>

<blockquote>This conformed so many of them as were <b>conterminous</b> to the colonies and garrisons, to the Roman laws.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conterranean, Conterraneous</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw><hw>Con`ter*ra"ne*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Con`ter*ra"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conterraneus</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>terra</ets> country.]</ety> <def>Of or belonging to the same country.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Contesseration</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tes`ser*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contesseratio</ets>, from <ets>contesserare</ets> to contract friendship by means of the <ets>tesserae</ets> (friendship tokens).]</ety> <def>An assemblage; a collection; harmonious union.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That person of his [George Herbert], which afforded so unusual a <b>contesseration</b> of elegancies.
<i>Oley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contest</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*test"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Contested</er>; <tt>p.pr.  & vb.n.</tt> <er>Contesting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>contester</ets>, fr. L. <ets>contestari</ets> to call to witness, <ets>contestari litem</ets> to introduce a lawsuit by calling witnesses, to bring an action; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>testari</ets> to be a witness, <ets>testic</ets> witness. See <er>Testify</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a subject of dispute, contention, litigation, or emulation; to contend for; to call in question; to controvert; to oppose; to dispute.</def>

<blockquote>The people . . . <b>contested</b> not what was done.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Few philosophical aphorisms have been more frequenty repeated, few more <b>contested</b> than this.
<i>J. D. Morell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strive earnestly to hold or maintain; to struggle to defend; <as>as, the troops <ex>contested</ex> every inch of ground</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To make a subject of litigation; to defend, as a suit; to dispute or resist; as a claim, by course of law; to controvert.</def>

<cs><col>To contest an election</col>. <fld>(Polit.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To strive to be elected.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To dispute the declared result of an election.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To dispute; controvert; debate; litigate; oppose; argue; contend.</syn>

<h1>Contest</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*test"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To engage in contention, or emulation; to contend; to strive; to vie; to emulate; -- followed usually by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The difficulty of an argument adds to the pleasure of <b>contesting</b> with in, when there are hopes of victory.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Of man, who dares in pomp with Jove <b>contest</b>?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contest</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con"test</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Earnest dispute; strife in argument; controversy; debate; altercation.</def>

<blockquote>Leave all noisy <b>contest</b>s, all immodest clamors and brawling language.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Earnest struggle for superiority, victory, defense, etc.; competition; emulation; strife in arms; conflict; combat; encounter.</def>

<blockquote>The late battle had, in effect, been a <b>contest</b> between one usurper and another.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It was fully expected that the <b>contest</b> there would be long and fierce.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Conflict; combat; battle; encounter; shock; struggle; dispute; altercation; debate; controvesy; difference; disagreement; strife.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Contest</er>, <er>Conflict</er>, <er>Combat</er>, <er>Encounter</er>. <i>Contest</i> is the broadest term, and had originally no reference to actual fighting. It was, on the contrary, a legal term signifying to <i>call witnesses</i>, and hence came to denote first a struggle in argument, and then a struggle for some common object between opposing parties, usually one of considerable duration, and implying successive stages or acts. <i>Conflict</i> denotes literally a close personal engagement, in which sense it is applied to actual fighting. It is, however, more commonly used in a figurative sense to denote strenuous or direct opposition; as, a mental <i>conflict</i>; <i>conflicting</i> interests or passions; a <i>conflict</i> of laws. An <i>encounter</i> is a direct meeting face to face. Usually it is a hostile meeting, and is then very nearly coincident with <i>conflict</i>; as, an <i>encounter</i> of opposing hosts. Sometimes it is used in a looser sense; as, "this keen <i>encounter</i> of our wits." <i>Shak.</i> <i>Combat</i> is commonly applied to actual fighting, but may be used figuratively in reference to a strife or words or a struggle of feeling.</usage>

<h1>Contestable</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*test"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>contestable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being contested; debatable.</def>

<h1>Contestant</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*test"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>contestant</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who contests; an opponent; a litigant; a disputant; one who claims that which has been awarded to another.</def>

<h1>Contestation</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con`tes*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contestatio</ets> testimony: cf. F. <ets>contestation</ets> a contesting.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of contesting; emulation; rivalry; strife; dispute.</def> "Loverlike <i>contestation</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>After years spent in domestic, unsociable <b>contestations</b>, she found means to withdraw.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Proof by witness; attestation; testimony.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A solemn <b>contestation</b> ratified on the part of God.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contestingly</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*test"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a contending manner.</def>

<h1>Contex</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To context.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Context</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*text"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contextus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>contexere</ets> to weave, to unite; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>texere</ets> to weave. See <er>Text</er>.]</ety> <def>Knit or woven together; close; firm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The coats, without, are <b>context</b> and callous.
<i>Derham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Context</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con"text</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contextus</ets>; cf. F. <ets>contexte</ets> .]</ety> <def>The part or parts of something written or printed, as of Scripture, which precede or follow a text or quoted sentence, or are so intimately associated with it as to throw light upon its meaning.</def>

<blockquote>According to all the light that the <b>contexts</b> afford.
<i>Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Context</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*text"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To knit or bind together; to unite closely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<blockquote>The whole world's frame, which is <b>contexted</b> only by commerce and contracts.
<i>R. Junius.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contextural</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tex"tur*al</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>  <def>Pertaining to contexture or arrangement of parts; producing contexture; interwoven.</def>

<i>Dr. John Smith (1666).</i>

<h1>Contexture</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tex"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>contexture</ets>.]</ety> <def>The arrangement and union of the constituent parts of a thing; a weaving together of parts; structural character of a thing; system; constitution; texture.</def>

<blockquote>That wonderful <b>contexture</b> of all created beings.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He was not of any delicate <b>contexture</b>; his limbs rather sturdy than dainty.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contextured</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tex"tured</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed into texture; woven together; arranged; composed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Conticent</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con"ti*cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conticens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>conticere</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>tacere</ets> to be silent.]</ety> <def>Silent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The guests sit <i>conticent</i>."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Contignation</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con`tig*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contignatio</ets>, fr. <ets>contignare</ets> to join with beams; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>tignum</ets> beam.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of framing together, or uniting, as beams in a fabric.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A framework or fabric, as of beams.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Contiguate</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tig"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>contiguatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Contiguous; touching.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Contiguity</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con`ti*gu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>contiguit<?/</ets>, LL. <ets>contiguitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being contiguous; intimate association; nearness; proximity.</def>

<blockquote>The convicinity and <b>contiguity</b> of the two parishes.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contiguous</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tig"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contiguus</ets>; akin to <ets>contigere</ets> to touch on all sides. See <er>Contingent</er>.]</ety> <def>In actual contact; touching; also, adjacent; near; neighboring; adjoining.</def>

<blockquote>The two halves of the paper did not appear fully divided . . . but seemed <b>contiguous</b> at one of their angles.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sees no <b>contiguous</b> palace rear its head.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Contiguous angles</col>. <cd>See <cref>Adjacent angles</cref>, under <er>Angle</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Adjoining; adjacent. See <er>Adjacent</er>.</syn>

- <wordforms><wf>Con*tig"u*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Con*tig"u*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Continence, Continency</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw><hw>Con"ti*nence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Con"ti*nen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>continence</ets>, L. <ets>continentia</ets>. See <er>Continent</er>, and cf. <er>Countenance</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Self-restraint; self-command.</def>

<blockquote>He knew what to say; he knew also, when to leave off, -- a <b>continence</b> which is practiced by few writers.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The restraint which a person imposes upon his desires and passions; the act or power of refraining from indulgence of the sexual appetite, esp. from unlawful indulgence; sometimes, moderation in sexual indulgence.</def>

<blockquote>If they [the unmarried and widows] have not <b>continency</b>, let them marry.
<i>1 Cor. vii. 9 (Rev. Ver. ).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Chastity is either abstinence or <b>continence</b>: abstinence is that of virgins or widows; <b>continence</b>, that of married persons.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Uninterrupted course; continuity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Continent</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con"ti*nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>continens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, prop., p. pr. of <ets>continere</ets> to hold together, to repress: cf. F. <ets>continent</ets>. See <er>Contain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Serving to restrain or limit; restraining; opposing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exercising restraint as to the indulgence of desires or passions; temperate; moderate.</def>

<blockquote>Have a <b>continent</b> forbearance till the speed of his rage goes slower.

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Abstaining from sexual intercourse; exercising restraint upon the sexual appetite; esp., abstaining from illicit sexual intercourse; chaste.</def>

<blockquote>My past life

<blockquote>Hath been as <b>continent</b>, as chaste, as true,

<blockquote>As I am now unhappy.

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not interrupted; connected; continuous; <as>as, a <ex>continent</ex> fever</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The northeast part of Asia is, if not <b>continent</b> with the west side of America, yet certainly it is the least disoined by sea of all that coast.
<i>Berrewood.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Continent</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con"ti*nent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>continens</ets>, prop., a holding together: cf. F. <ets>continent</ets>. See <er>Continent</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which contains anything; a receptacle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The smaller <b>continent</b> which we call a pipkin.
<i>Bp. Kennet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the grand divisions of land on the globe; the main land; specifically <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld>, a large body of land differing from an island, not merely in its size, but in its structure, which is that of a large basin bordered by mountain chains; <as>as, the <ex>continent</ex> of North America</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>continents</i> are now usually regarded as six in number: North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. But other large bodies of land are also reffered to as continents; as, the Antarctic <i>continent</i>; the <i>continent</i> of Greenland. Europe, Asia, and Africa are often grouped together as the <i>Eastern Continent</i>, and North and South America as the <i>Western Continent</i>.</note>

<cs><col>The Continent</col>, <cd>the main land of Europe, as distinguished from the islands, especially from England.</cd></cs>

<h1>Continental</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con`ti*nen"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a continent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the main land of Europe, in distinction from the adjacent islands, especially England; <as>as, a <ex>continental</ex> tour; a <ex>continental</ex> coalition.</as></def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>No former king had involved himself so frequently in the labyrinth of <b>continental</b> alliances.

<i>Hallam.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Amer. Hist.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the confederated colonies collectively, in the time of the Revolutionary War; <as>as, <ex>Continental</ex> money</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The army before Boston was designated as the <b>Continental</b> army, in contradistinction to that under General Gage, which was called the "Ministerial army."
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Continental Congress</col>. <cd>See under <er>Congress</er>.</cd> -- <col>Continental system</col> <fld>(Hist.)</fld>, <cd>the blockade of Great Britain ordered by Napoleon by the decree of Berlin, Nov. 21, 1806; the object being to strike a blow at the maritime and commercial supremacy of Great Britain, by cutting her off from all intercourse with the continent of Europe.</cd></cs>

<h1>Continental</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con`ti*nen"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Amer. Hist.)</fld> <def>A soldier in the Continental army, or a piece of the Continental currency. See <er>Continental</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 3.</def>

<-- "Not worth a continental." [said of Continental currency after the American revolution] -->

<h1>Continently</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con"ti*nent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a continent manner; chastely; moderately; temperately.</def>

<h1>Contingence</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tin"gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Contingency</er>.</def>

<h1>Contingency</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tin"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>,; <plu>pl. <plw>Contingencies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>contingence</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Union or connection; the state of touching or contact.</def> "Point of <i>contingency</i>."

<i>J. Gregory.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality or state of being contingent or casual; the possibility of coming to pass.</def>

<blockquote>Aristotle says we are not to build certain rules on the <b>contingency</b> of human actions.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An event which may or may not occur; that which is possible or probable; a fortuitous event; a chance.</def>

<blockquote>The remarkable position of the queen rendering her death a most important <b>contingency</b>.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An adjunct or accessory.</def>

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A certain possible event that may or may not happen, by which, when happening, some particular title may be affected.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Casualty; accident; chance.</syn>

<h1>Contingent</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tin"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contingens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>contingere</ets> to touch on all sides, to happen; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>tangere</ets> to touch: cf. F. <ets>contingent</ets>. See <er>Tangent</er>, <er>Tact</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Possible, or liable, but not certain, to occur; incidental; casual.</def>

<blockquote>Weighing so much actual crime against so much <b>contingent</b> advantage.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dependent on that which is undetermined or unknown; <as>as, the success of his undertaking is <ex>contingent</ex> upon events which he can not control</as>.</def> "Uncertain and <i>contingent</i> causes."

<i>Tillotson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Dependent for effect on something that may or may not occur; <as>as, a <ex>contingent</ex> estate</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If a <b>contingent</b> legacy be left to any one when he attains, or if he attains, the age of twenty-one.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contingent</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tin"gent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An event which may or may not happen; that which is unforeseen, undetermined, or dependent on something future; a contingency.</def>

<blockquote>His understanding could almost pierce into future <b>contingets</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which falls to one in a division or apportionment among a number; a suitable share; proportion; esp., a quota of troops.</def>

<blockquote>From the Alps to the border of Flanders, <b>contingents</b> were required . . . 200,000 men were in arms.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contingently</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tin"gent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a contingent manner; without design or foresight; accidentally.</def>

<h1>Contingentness</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tin"gent*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being contingent; fortuitousness.</def>

<h1>Continuable</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tin"u*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being continued</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Continual</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tin"u*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>continuel</ets>, F. <ets>continuel</ets>. See <er>Continue</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Proceeding without interruption or cesstaion; continuous; unceasing; lasting; abiding.</def>

<blockquote>He that is of a merry heart hath a <b>continual</b> feast.
<i>Prov. xv. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Occuring in steady and rapid succession; very frequent; often repeated.</def>

<blockquote>The eye is deligh by a <b>continental</b> succession of small landscapes.
<i>W. Irwing.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Continual proportionals</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>quantities in continued proportion.</cd></cs>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Constant; prepetual; incessant; unceasing; uninterrupted; unintermitted; continuous. See <er>Constant</er>, and <er>Continuous</er>.</syn>

<h1>Continually</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tin"u*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without cessation; unceasingly; continuously; <as>as, the current flows <ex>continually</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Why do not all animals <b>continually</b> increase in bigness?
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In regular or repeated succession; very often.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt eat bread at my table <b>continually</b>.
<i>2 Sam. ix. 7.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Continuance</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tin"u*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>continuance</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A holding on, or remaining in a particular state; permanence, as of condition, habits, abode, etc.; perseverance; constancy; duration; stay.</def>

<blockquote>Great plagues, and of long <b>continuence</b>.
<i>Deut. xxviii. 59.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Patient <b>continuance</b> i well-doing.
<i>Rom. ii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Uninterrupted succession; continuation; constant renewell; perpetuation; propagation.</def>

<blockquote>The brute immedistely regards his own preservation or the <b>continuance</b> of his species.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A holding together; continuity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The adjournment of the proceedings in a cause from one day, or from one stated term of a court, to another.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The entry of such adjuornment and the grounds thereof on the record.</def>

<h1>Continuant</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tin"u*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Continuing; prolonged; sustained; <as>as, a <ex>continuant</ex> sound</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A continuant sound; a letter whose sound may be prolonged.</def></def2>

<h1>Continuate</h1>
<Xpage=313>

<hw>Con*tin"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>continuatus</ets>, p.p. See <er>Continue</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Immediately united together; intimately connocted.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>We are of Him and in Him, even as though our very flesh and bones should be made <b>continuate</b> with his.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="314">
Page 314<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Uninterrupted; unbroken; continual; continued.</def>

<blockquote>An untirable and <b>continuate</b> goodness.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Continuation</h1>
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<hw>Con*tin`u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>continuatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>connuation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That act or state of continuing; the state of being continued; uninterrupted extension or succession; prolongation; propagation.</def>

<blockquote>Preventing the <b>continuation</b> of the royal line.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which extends, increases, supplements, or carries on; <as>as, the <ex>continuation</ex> of a story</as>.</def>

<blockquote>My <b>continuation</b> of the version of Statius.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Continuative</h1>
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<hw>Con*tin"u*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>continuatif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A term or expression denoting continuance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To these may be added <b>continuatives</b>; as, Rome remains to this day; which includes, at least, two propositions, viz., Rome was, and Rome is.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word that continues the connection of sentences or subjects; a connective; a conjunction.</def>

<blockquote><b>Continuatives</b> . . . consolidate sentences into one continuous whole.
<i>Harris.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Continuator</h1>
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<hw>Con*tin"u*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>continuateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, continues; esp., one who continues a series or a work; a continuer.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Continue</h1>
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<hw>Con*tin"ue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Continued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Continuing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>continuer</ets>, L. <ets>continuare</ets>, <ets>-tinuatum</ets>, to connect, continue, fr. <ets>continuus</ets>. See <er>Continuous</er>, and cf. <er>Continuate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To remain ina given place or condition; to remain in connection with; to abide; to stay.</def>

<blockquote>Here to <b>continue</b>, and build up here
A growing empire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>continue</b> with me now three days, and have nothing to eat.
<i>Matt. xv. 32.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be permanent or durable; to endure; to last.</def>

<blockquote>But now thy kingdom shall not <b>continue</b>.
<i>1 Sam. xiii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be steadfast or constant in any course; to persevere; to abide; to endure; to persist; to keep up or maintain a particular condition, course, or series of actions; <as>as, the army <ex>continued</ex> to advance</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If ye <b>continue</b> in my word, then are ye my disciples indeed.
<i>John viii. 31.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To persevere; persist. See <er>Persevere</er>.</syn>

<h1>Continue</h1>
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<hw>Con*tin"ue</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unite; to connect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>the use of the navel is to <b>continue</b> the infant unto the mother.
<i>Sir T. browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To protract or extend in duration; to preserve or persist in; to cease not.</def>

<blockquote>O <b>continue</b> thy loving kindness unto them that know thee.
<i>Ps. xxxvi. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You know how to make yourself happy by only <b>continuing</b> such a life as you have been long acustomed to lead.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To carry onward or extend; to prolong or produce; to add to or draw out in length.</def>

<blockquote>A bridge of wond'rous length,
From hell <b>continued</b>, reaching th' utmost orb
of this frall world.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To retain; to suffer or cause to remain; <as>as, the trustees were <ex>continued</ex></as>; also, to suffer to live.</def>

<blockquote>And how shall we <b>continue</b> Claudio.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Continued</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con*tin"ued</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p.p. & a.</tt> <def>Having extension of time, space, order of events, exertion of energy, etc.; extended; protacted; uninterrupted; also, resumed after interruption; extending through a succession of issues, session, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>continued</ex> story</as>.</def> "<i>Continued</i> woe." <i>Jenyns.</i> "<i>Continued</i> succession." <i>Locke.</i>

<cs><col>Continued bass</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a bass continued through an entire piece of music, while the other parts of the harmony are indicated by figures beneath the bass; the same as <i>thorough bass</i> or <i>figured bass</i>; basso continuo.</cd> [It.] -- <col>Continued fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a fever which presents no interruption in its course.</cd> -- <col>Continued fraction</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a fraction whose numerator is 1, and whose denominator is a whole number plus a fraction whose numerator is 1 and whose denominator is a whole number, plus a fraction, and so on.</cd> -- <col>Continued proportion</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a proportion composed of two or more equal ratios, in which the consequent of each preceding ratio is the same with the antecedent of the folowing one; as, 4 : 8 : 8 : 16 :: 16 : 32.</cd></cs>

<h1>Continuedly</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con*tin"u*ed*ly</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Continuously.</def>

<h1>Continuer</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con*tin"u*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who continues; one who has the power of perseverance or persistence.</def> "Indulgent <i>continuers</i> in sin."

<i>Hammond.</i>

<blockquote>I would my horse had the speed of your tongue, and so good a <b>continuer</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Continuity</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con`ti*nu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Continuities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>continuitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>continuit<?/</ets>. See <er>Continuous</er>.]</ety> <def>the state of being continuous; uninterupted connection or succession; close union of parts; cohesion; <as>as, the <ex>continuity</ex> of fibers</as>.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<blockquote>The sight would be tired, if it were attracted by a <b>continuity</b> of glittering objects.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Law of continuity</col> <fld>(Math. & Physics)</fld>, <cd>the principle that nothing passes from one state to another without passing through all the intermediate states.</cd> -- <col>Solution of continuity</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Solution</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Continuo</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con*ti"nu*o</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>It</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Basso continuo, or continued bass.</def>

<h1>Continuous</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con*tin"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>continuus</ets>, fr. <ets>continere</ets> to hold together. See <er>Continent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without break, cessation, or interruption; without intervening space or time; uninterrupted; unbroken; continual; unceasing; constant; continued; protracted; extended; <as>as, a <ex>continuous</ex> line of railroad; a <ex>continuous</ex> current of electricity.</as></def>

<blockquote>he can hear its <b>continuous</b> murmur.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Not deviating or varying from uninformity; not interrupted; not joined or articulated.</def>

<cs><col>Continuous brake</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a brake which is attached to each car a train, and can be caused to operate in all the cars simultaneously from a point on any car or on the engine.</cd> -- <col>Continuous impost</col>. <cd>See <er>Impost</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Continuous</er>, <er>Continual</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Continuous</i> is the stronger word, and denotes that the continuity or union of parts is absolute and uninterrupted; as, a <i>continuous</i> sheet of ice; a <i>continuous</i> flow of water or of argument. So Daniel Webster speaks of "a <i>continuous</i> and unbroken strain of the martial airs of England." <i>Continual</i>, in most cases, marks a close and unbroken succession of things, rather than absolute continuity. Thus we speak of <i>continual</i> showers, implying a repetition with occasional interruptions; we speak of a person as liable to <i>continual calls</i>, <i>or as subject to continual</i> applications for aid, etc. See <er>Constant</er>.</usage>

<h1>Continuously</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con*tin"u*ous*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a continuous maner; without interruption.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Con*tin"u*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Contline</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Cont"line`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Ropemaking)</fld> <def>The space between the strands on the outside of a rope.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The space between the bilges of two casks stowed side by side.</def>

<h1>Contorniate, Contorniate</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw><hw>Con*tor"ni*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Con*tor"ni*a`te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt>, <ety>[It. <ets>contorniato</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>contorniare</ets> to make a circuit or outline, fr. <ets>contorno</ets> circuit, outline. See <er>Contour</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Numis.)</fld> <def>A species of medal or medallion of bronze, having a deep furrow on the contour or edge; -- supposed to have been struck in the days of Constantine and his successors.</def>

<i>R. S. Poole.</i>

<h1>Contorsion</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con*tor"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Contortion</er>.</def>

<h1>Contort</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con*tort"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contortus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>contorquere</ets> to twist; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>torquere</ets> to twist. See <er>Torture</er>.]</ety> <def>To twist, or twist together; to turn awry; to bend; to distort; to wrest.</def>

<blockquote>The vertebral arteries are variously <b>contorted</b>.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Kant <b>contorted</b> the term category from the proper meaning of attributed.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contorted</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con*tort"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Twisted, or twisted together.</def> "A <i>contorted</i> chain of icicles."

<i>Massinger.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Twisted back upon itself, as some parts of plants.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Arranged so as to overlap each other; <as>as, petals in <ex>contorted</ex> or convolute \'91stivation</as>.</def>

<h1>Contortion</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con*tor"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contortio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contorsion</ets>. See <er>Contort</er>, and cf. <er>Torsion</er>.]</ety> <def>A twisting; a writhing; wry motion; a twist; <as>as, the <ex>contortion</ex> of the muscles of the face</as>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<blockquote>All the <b>contortions</b> of the sibyl, without the inspiration.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contertionist</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con*ter"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes or practices contortions.</def>

<h1>Contortive</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con*tor"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expressing contortion.</def>

<h1>Contortuplicate</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con`tor*tu"pli*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contortuplicatus</ets>; <ets>contortus</ets> contorted + <ets>plicare</ets> to fold.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Plaited lengthwise and twisted in addition, as the bud of the morning-glory.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Contour</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con*tour"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>contour</ets>, fr. <ets>contourner</ets> to mark the outlines; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>tourner</ets> to turn. See <er>Turn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The outline of a figure or body, or the line or lines representing such an outline; the line that bounds; periphery.</def>

<blockquote>Titian's coloring and <b>contours</b>.
<i>A. Drummond.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The outline of a horizontal section of the ground, or of works of fortification.</def>

<cs><col>Contour feathers</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>those feathers that form the general covering of a bird.</cd> -- <col>Contour of ground</col> <fld>(Surv.)</fld>, <cd>the outline of the surface of ground with respect to its undulation, etc.</cd> -- <col>Contour line</col> <fld>(Topographical Suv.)</fld>, <cd>the line in which a horizontal plane intersects a portion of ground, or the corresponding line in a map or chart.</cd></cs>

<h1>Contourn\'82'</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con`tour`n\'82'</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p.p. of <ets>contourner</ets> to twist.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Turned in a direction which is not the usual one; -- said of an animal turned to the sinister which is usually turned to the dexter, or the like.</def>

<h1>Contourniated</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con*tour"ni*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Contorniate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Numis.)</fld> <def>Having furrowed edges, as if turned in a lathe.</def>

<h1>Contra</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con"tra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A Latin adverb and preposition, signifying <i>against</i>, <i>contrary</i>, <i>in opposition</i>, etc., entering as a prefix into the composition of many English words. Cf. <er>Counter</er>, <i>adv</i>. & <i>pref</i>.</def>

<h1>Contraband</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*band</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>contrabando</ets>; <ets>contra + bando</ets> ban, proclamation: cf. F. <ets>contrebande</ets>. See <er>Ban</er> an edict.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Illegal or prohobited traffic.</def>

<blockquote>Persons the most bound in duty to prevent <b>contraband</b>, and the most interested in the seizures.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Goods or merchandise the importation or exportation of which is forbidden.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A negro slave, during the Civil War, escaped to, or was brought within, the Union lines. Such slave was considered contraband of war.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Contraband of war</col>, <cd>that which, according to international law, cannot be supplied to a hostile belligerent except at the risk of seizure and condemnation by the aggrieved belligerent.</cd></cs>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Contraband</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*band</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Prohibited or excluded by law or treaty; forbidden; <as>as, <ex>contraband</ex> goods, or trade</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>contraband</b> will always keep pace, in some measure, with the fair trade.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contraband</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*band</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To import illegaly, as prohibited goods; to smuggle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To declare prohibited; to forbid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The law severly <b>contrabands</b>
Our taking business of men's hands.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contrabandism</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*band*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Traffic in contraband gods; smuggling.</def>

<h1>Contrabandist</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*band`ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who traffic illegaly; a smuggler.</def>

<h1>Contrabass</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*bass"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> Double bass; -- applied to any instrument of the same deep range as the stringed double bass; <as>as, the <ex>contrabass</ex> ophicleide; the <ex>cotrabass</ex> tuba or bombardon.</as></def>

<h1>Contrabasso</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*bas"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>contrabasso</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The largest kind of bass viol. See <er>Violone</er>.</def>

<h1>Contract</h1>
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<hw>Con*tract"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Contracted</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Contracting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>contractus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>contrahere</ets> to contract; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>trahere</ets> to draw: cf. F. <ets>contracter</ets>. See <er>Trace</er>, and cf. <er>Contract</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw together or nearer; to reduce to a less compass; to shorten, narrow, or lesen; <as>as, to <ex>contract</ex> one's shpere of action</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In all things desuetude doth <b>contract</b> and narrow our faculties.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw together so as to wrinkle; to knit.</def>

<blockquote>Thou didst <b>contract</b> and purse thy brow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bring on; to incur; to acquire; <as>as, to <ex>contract</ex> a habit; to <ex>contract</ex> a debt; to <ex>contract</ex> a disease.</as></def>

<blockquote>Each from each <b>contract</b> new strength and light.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Such behavior we <b>contract</b> by having much conversed with persons of high stati<?/r.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To enter into, with mutual obligations; to make a bargain or covenant for.</def>

<blockquote>We have <b>contracted</b> an inviolable amity, peace, and lague with the aforesaid queen.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Many persons . . . had <b>contracted</b> marriage within the degrees of consanguinity . . . prohibited by law.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To betroth; to affiance.</def>

<blockquote>The truth is, she and I, long since <b>contracted</b>,
Are now so sure, that nothing can dissolve us.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To shorten by omitting a letter or letters or by reducing two or more vowels or syllables to one.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To shorten; abridge; epitomize; narrow; lessen; condense; reduce; confine; incur; assume.</syn>

<h1>Contract</h1>
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<hw>Con*tract"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be drawn together so as to be diminished in size or extent; to shrink; to be reduced in compass or in duration; <as>as, iron <ex>contracts</ex> in cooling; a rope <ex>contracts</ex> when wet.</as></def>

<blockquote>Years <b>contracting</b> to a moment.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make an agreement; to covenant; to agree; to bargain; <as>as, to <ex>contract</ex> for carrying the mail</as>.</def>

<h1>Contract</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con"tract</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Contracted: as, a <i>contract</i> verb.</def>

<i>Goodwin.</i>

<h1>Contract</h1>
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<hw>Con*tract"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contractus</ets>, p.p.]</ety> <def>Contracted; affianced; betrothed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Contract</h1>
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<hw>Con"tract</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contractus</ets>, fr. <ets>contrahere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contrat</ets>, formerly also <ets>contract</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The agreement of two or more persons, upon a sufficient consideration or cause, to do, or to abstain from doing, some act; an agreement in which a party undertakes to do, or not to do, a particular thing; a formal bargain; a compact; an interchange of legal rights.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A formal writing which contains the agreement of parties, with the terms and conditions, and which serves as a proof of the obligation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of formally betrothing a man and woman.</def>

<blockquote>This is the the night of the <b>contract</b>.
<i>Longwellow.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Covenant; agreement; compact; stipulation; bargain; arrangement; obligation. See <er>Covenant</er>.</syn>

<h1>Contracted</h1>
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<hw>Con*tract"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Drawn together; shrunken; wrinkled; narrow; <as>as, a <ex>contracted</ex> brow; a <ex>contracted</ex> noun.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Narrow; illiberal; selfish; <as>as, a <ex>contracted</ex> mind; <ex>contracted</ex> views.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Bargained for; betrothed; <as>as, a <ex>contracted</ex> peace</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Inquire me out <b>contracted</b> bachelors.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contractedness</h1>
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<hw>Con*tract"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being contracted; narrowness; meannes; selfishness.</def>

<h1>Contractibility</h1>
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<hw>Con*tract`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capability of being contracted; quality of being contractible; <as>as, the <ex>contractibiliy</ex> and dilatability of air</as>.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Contractible</h1>
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<hw>Con*tract"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of contraction.</def>

<blockquote>Small air bladders distable and <b>contractible</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contractibleness</h1>
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<hw>Con*tract"i*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Contractibility.</def>

<h1>Contractile</h1>
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<hw>Con*tract"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>contractile</ets>.]</ety> <def>tending to contract; having the power or property of contracting, or of shrinking into shorter or smaller dimensions; <as>as, the <ex>contractile</ex> tissues</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The heart's <b>contractile</b> force.
<i>H. Brooke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Each cilium seems to be composed of <b>contractile</b> substance.
<i>Hixley.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Contractile vacuole</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a pulsating cavity in the interior of a protozoan, supposed to be excretory in function. There may be one, two, or more.</cd></cs>

<h1>Contractility</h1>
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<hw>Con`trac*til"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or property by which bodies shrink or contract.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The power possessed by the fibers of living muscle of contracting or shortening.</def>

<note>&hand; When subject to the will, as in the muscles of locomotion, such power is called <i>voluntary contractility</i>; when not controlled by the will, as in the muscles of the heart, it is <i>involuntary contractility</i>.</note>

<h1>Contraction</h1>
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<hw>Con*trac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contractio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contraction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of contracting, shortening, or shrinking; the state of being contracted; <as>as, <ex>contraction</ex> of the heart, of the pupil of the eye, or of a tendion; the <ex>contraction</ex> produced by cold.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The process of shortening an operation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of incurring or becoming subject to, as liabilities, obligation, debts, etc.; the process of becoming subject to; <as>as, the <ex>contraction</ex> of a disease</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Something contracted or abbreviated, as a word or phrase; -- as, <i>plenipo</i> for <i>plenipotentiary</i>; <i>crim. con.</i> for <i>criminal conversation</i>, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The shortening of a word, or of two words, by the omission of a letter or letters, or by reducing two or more vowels or syllables to one; as, <i>ne'er</i> for <i>never</i>; <i>can't</i> for <i>can not</i>; <i>don't</i> for <i>do not</i>; <i>it's</i> for <i>it is</i>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A marriage contract.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Contrative</h1>
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<hw>Con*trat"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to contract; having the property or power or power of contracting.</def>

<h1>Contractor</h1>
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<hw>Con*tract"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who contracts; one of the parties to a bargain; one who covenants to do anything for another; specifically, one who contracts to perform work on a rather large scale, at a certain price or rate, as in building houses or making a railroad.</def>

<h1>Contracture</h1>
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<hw>Con*trac"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contractura</ets> a drawing together.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A state of permanent rigidity or contraction of the muscles, generally of the flexor muscles.</def>

<h1>Contradance</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*dance`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>contra-</ets> + <ets>dance</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contrdance</ets>. Cf. <er>Country-dance</er>.]</ety> <def>A dance in which the partners are arranged face to face, or in opposite lines.</def>

<h1>Contradict</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*dict"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Contradicted</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n</tt> <er>Contradicting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>contradictus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>contradicere</ets> to speak against; <ets>contra + dicere</ets> to speak. See <er>Diction</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To assert the contrary of; to oppose in words; to take issue with; to gainsay; to deny the truth of, as of a statement or a speaker; to impugn.</def>

<blockquote>Dear Duff, I prithee, <b>contradict</b> thyself,
And say it is not so.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The future can not <b>contradict</b> the past.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be contrary to; to oppose; to resist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>No truth can <b>contradict</b> another truth.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A greater power than we can <b>contradict</b>
Hath thwarted our intents.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contradict</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*dict</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To oppose in words; to gainsay; to deny, or assert the contrary of, something.</def>

<blockquote>They . . . spake against those things which were spoken by Paul, <b>contradicting</b> and blaspheming.
<i>Acts xiii. 45.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contradictable</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*dict"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being contradicting.</def>

<h1>Contradicter</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*dict"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>one who contradicts.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Contradiction</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*dic"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contradictio</ets> answer, objection: cf. F. <ets>contradiction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An assertion of the contrary to what has been said or affirmed; denial of the truth of a statement or assertion; contrary declaration; gainsaying.</def>

<blockquote>His fair demands
Shall be accomplished without <b>contradiction</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Direct opposition or repugnancy; inconsistency; incongruity or contrariety; one who, or that which, is inconsistent.</def>

<blockquote>can be make deathless death? That were to make
Strange <b>contradiction</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We state our experience and then we come to a manly resolution of acting in <b>contradiction</b> to it.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Both parts of a <b>contradiction</b> can not possibly be true.
<i>Hobbes.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Of <b>contradictions</b> infinite the slave.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Principle of contradiction</col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>the axiom or law of thought that a thing cannot <i>be<i> and <i>not be<i> at the same time, or a thing must either be or not be, or the same attribute can not at the same time be affirmed and and denied of the same subject. It develops itself in three specific forms which have been called the "Three Logical Axioms." <i>First<i>. "A is A." <i>Second<i>, "A is not Not-A" <i>Third<i>, "Everything is either A or Not-A."</cd></cs>

<h1>Contradictional</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con`tra*dic"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Contradictory; inconsistent; opposing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Contradictions</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*dic"tions</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Filled with contradictions; inconsistent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inclined to contradict or cavil</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sharp.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Con`tra*dic"tious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Norris.</i>

<h1>Contradictive</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*dict"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Contradictory; inconsistent.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Con`tra*dict"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt>.</wordforms>

<h1>Contradictor</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con`tra*dict"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A contradicter.</def>

<h1>Contradictorily</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con`tra*dict"o*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a contradictory manner.</def>

<i>Sharp.</i>

<h1>Contradictoriness</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*dict`o*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being contradictory; opposition; inconsistency.</def>

<i>J. Whitaker.</i>

<h1>Contradictory</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*dict"o*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>contradictorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contradictoire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Affirming the contrary; implying a denial of what has been asserted; also, mutually contradicting; inconsistent.</def> "<i>Contradictory</i> assertions."

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Opposing or opposed; repugnant.</def>

<blockquote>Schemes . . . <b>contradictory</b> to common sense.
<i>Addisn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contradictory</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*dict"o*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Contradictories</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A proposition or thing which denies or opposes another; contrariety.</def>

<blockquote>It is common with princes to will <b>contradictories</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>propositions with the same terms, but opposed to each other both in quality and quantity.</def>

<h1>Contradistinct</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*dis*tinct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Distinguished by opposite qualities.</def>

<i>J. Goodwin.</i>

<h1>Contradistinction</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*dis*tinc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Distinction by contrast.</def>

<blockquote>That there are such things as sins of infirmity in <b>contradistinction</b> to those of presumption is not to be questioned.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contradistinctive</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*dis*tinc"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>having the quality of contradistinction; distinguishing by contrast.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Con`tra*dis*tinc"tive</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Contradistinguish</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con`tra*dis*tin"guish</hw> <tt>(?; 144)</tt>, <tt>v. t. </tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Contradistinguished</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Contradistinguishing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To distinguish by a contrast of opposite qualities.</def>

<blockquote>These are our complex ideas of soul and body, as <b>contradistinguished</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contrafagetto</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*fa*get"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The double bassoon, an octave deeper than the bassoon.</def>

<h1>Contrafissure</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*fis"sure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A fissure or fracture on the side opposite to that which received the blow, or at some distance from it.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contrahent</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*hent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contrahens</ets>, p.pr. See <er>Contract</er>.]</ety> <def>Entering into covenant; contracting; <as>as, <ex>contrahent</ex> parties</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mede.</i>

<h1>Contraindicant</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*in"di*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Something, as a symptom, indicating that the usual mode of treatment is not to be followed.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Contraindicate</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*in*"di*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Contraindicated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Contraindicating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To indicate, as by a symptom, some method of treatment contrary to that which the general tenor of the case would seem to require.</def>

<blockquote><b>Contraindicating</b> symptoms must be observed.
<i>Harvey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contraindication</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*in`di*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(med.)</fld> <def>An indication or symptom which forbids the method of treatment usual in such cases.</def>

<h1>Contralto</h1>
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<hw>Con*tral"to</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. <ets>contra</ets> + <ets>alto</ets>. See <er>Alto</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The part sung by the highest male or lowest female voices; the alto or counter tenor.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>the voice or singer performing this part; <as>as, her voice is a <ex>contralto</ex>; she is a <ex>contralto</ex>.</as></def>

<note>&hand; The usual range of the contralto voice is from G, below middle C, to the C above that; though exceptionally it embraces two octaves.</note>

<h1>Contralto</h1>
<Xpage=314>

<hw>Con*tral"to</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a contralto, or to the part in music called contralto; <as>as, a <ex>contralto</ex> voice</as>.</def>

<h1>Contramure</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*mure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Countermure</er>.]</ety> <fld>(fort.)</fld> <def>An outer wall.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Contranatural</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*nat"u*ral</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Counternatural</er>.]</ety> <def>Opposed to or against nature; unnatural.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Rust.</i>

<h1>Contraposition</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>contra-</ets> + <ets>position</ets>: cf. f. <ets>conterposition</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A placing over against; opposite position.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>F. Potter.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A so-called immediate inference which consists in denying the original subject of the contradictory predicate; <it>e.g.</it>: Every S is P; therefore, no Not-P is S.</def>

<h1>Contrapuntal</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*pun"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>contrappunto</ets> counterpoint. See <er>Counterpoint</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or according to the rules of, counterpoint.</def>

<h1>Contrapuntist</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*pun"tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>contrappuntista</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One skilled in counterpoint.</def>

<i>L. Mason.</i>

<h1>Contraremonstrant</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*re*mon"strant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who remonstrates in opposition or answer to a remonstraint.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>They did the synod wrong to make this distinction of <b>contraremonstrants</b> and remonstrants.
<i>Hales.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contrariant</h1>
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<hw>Con*tra"ri*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>contrarians</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>contrariare</ets> to oppose, fr. L. <ets>contrarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contrariant</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>contrarier</ets> to contradict. See <er>Contrary</er>.]</ety> <def>Contrary; opposed; antagonistic; inconsistent; contradictory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The struggles of <b>contrariant</b> factions.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contrariantly</h1>
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<hw>Con*tra"ri*ant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Contrarily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Contraries</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*ries</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/; 48)</tt>, <tt>n. pl. </tt> <ety>[Pl. of <er>Contrary</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Propositions which directly and destructively contradict each other, but of which the falsehood of one does not establish the truth of the other.</def>

<blockquote>If two universals differ in quality, they are <b>contraries</b>; as, every vine is a tree; no vine is a tree. These can never be both true together; but they may be both false.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contrariety</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*ri"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Contrarieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>contrarietas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contrari\'82t\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being contrary; opposition; repugnance; disagreement; antagonism.</def>

<blockquote>There is a <b>contrariety</b> between those things that conscience inclines to, and those that entertain the senses.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something which is contrary to, or inconsistent with, something else; an inconsistency.</def>

<blockquote>How can these <b>contrarieties</b> agree?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Inconsistency; discrepancy; repugnance.</syn>

<h1>Contrarily</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>or</tt> <def>(<?/), <i>adv</i>. In a contrary manner; in opposition; on the other side; in opposite ways.</def>

<h1>Contrariness</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>state or quality of being contrary; opposition; inconsistency; contrariety; perverseness; obstinancy.</def>

<h1>Contrarious</h1>
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<hw>Con*tra"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>contrariosus</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>contrarios</ets> <ets>contralius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Showing contrariety; repugnant; perverse.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>She flew <b>contrarious</b> in the face of God.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contrariously</h1>
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<hw>Con*tra"ri*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Contrarily; oppositely.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Contratiwise</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*ti*wise</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On the contrary; oppositely; on the other hand.</def>

<blockquote>Not rendering evil for evil, or railing for railing; but <b>contrariwise</b>, blessing.
<i>1 Pet. iii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a contrary order; conversely.</def>

<blockquote>Everything that acts upon the fluids must, at the same time, act upon the solids, and <b>contrariwise</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contrarotation</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*ro*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Circular motion in a direction contrary to some other circular motion.</def>

<h1>Contrary</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*ry</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 48)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>contrarie</ets>, <ets>contraire</ets>, F. <ets>contraire</ets>, fr. L. <ets>contrarius</ets>, fr. <ets>contra</ets>. See <er>Contra-</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Opposite; in an opposite direction; in opposition; adverse; <as>as, <ex>contrary</ex> winds</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And if ye walk <b>contrary</b> unto me, and will not hearken unto me.
<i>Lev. xxvi. 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We have lost our labor; they are gone a <b>contrary</b> way.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Opposed; contradictory; repugnant; inconsistent.</def>

<blockquote>Fame, if not double-faced, is double mouthed,
And with <b>contrary</b> blast proclaims most deeds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The doctrine of the earth's motion appeared to be <b>contrary</b> to the sacred Scripture.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Given to opposition; perverse; forward; wayward; <as>as, a <ex>contrary</ex> disposition; a <ex>contrary</ex> child.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Affirming the opposite; so opposed as to destroy each other; <as>as, <ex>contrary</ex> propositions</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Contrary motion</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the progression of parts in opposite directions, one ascending, the other descending.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Adverse; repugnant; hostile; inimical; discordant; inconsistent.</syn>

<h1>Contrary</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Contraries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thing that is of contrary or opposite qualities.</def>

<blockquote>No <b>contraries</b> hold more antipathy
Than I and such a knave.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An opponent; an enemy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>the opposite; a proposition, fact, or condition incompatible with another; <as>as, slender proofs which rather show the <ex>contrary</ex></as>. See <er>Converse</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>See <er>Contraries</er>.</def>

<cs><col>On the contrary</col>, <cd>in opposition; on the other hand.</cd> <i>Swift.</i> -- <col>To the contrary</col>, <cd>to an opposite purpose or intent; on the other side.</cd> "They did it, not for want of instruction <i>to the contrary</i>." <i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></cs>

<h1>Contrarry</h1>
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<hw>Con"trar*ry</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>contrarier</ets>. See <er>Contrary</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To contradict or oppose; to thwart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I was advised not to <b>contrary</b> the king.
<i>Bp. Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contrast</h1>
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<hw>Con*trast"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Contrasted</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Contrasting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>contraster</ets>, LL. <ets>contrastare</ets> to resist, withstand, fr. L. <ets>contra + stare</ets> to stand. See <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <def>To stand in opposition; to exhibit difference, unlikeness, or opposition of qualities.</def>

<blockquote>The joints which divide the sandstone <b>contrast</b> finely with the divisional planes which separate the basalt into pillars.
<i>Lyell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contrast</h1>
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<hw>Con*trast"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set in opposition, or over against, in order to show the differences between, or the comparative excellences and defects of; to compare by difference or contrariety of qualities; <as>as, to <ex>contrast</ex> the present with the past</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>To give greater effect to, as to a figure or other object, by putting it in some relation of opposition to another figure or object.</def>

<blockquote>the figures of the groups must not be all on side . . . but must <b>contrast</b> each other by their several position.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contraxt</h1>
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<hw>Con"traxt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>contraste</ets>: cf. It. <ets>contrasto</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of contrasting, or the state of being contrasted; comparison by contrariety of qualities.</def>

<blockquote>place the prospect of the soul
In sober <b>contrast</b> with reality.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Opposition or dissimilitude of things or qualities; unlikeness, esp. as shown by juxtaposition or comparison.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>contrasts</b> and resemblances of the seasons.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The opposition of varied forms, colors, etc., which by such juxtaposition more vividly express each other's pecularities.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contrastimulant</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*stim"u*lant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Counteracting the effects of stimulants; relating to a course of medical treatment based on a theory of contrastimulants.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An agent which counteracts the effect of a stimulant.</def></def2>

<h1>Contrate</h1>
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<hw>Con"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Contra-</er>.]</ety> <def>Having cogs or teeth projecting parallel to the axis, instead of radiating from it.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<cs><col>Contrate wheel</col>. <cd>See <er>Crown wheel</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Contratenor</h1>
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<hw>Con"tra*ten`or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Counter tenor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Counter tenor; contralto.</def>

<h1>Contravallation</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*val*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>contra-</ets> + <ets>vallation</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contrevallation</ets>. Cf. <er>Countervallation</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A trench guarded with a parapet, constructed by besiegers, to secure themselves and check sallies of the besieged.</def>

<h1>Contravene</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*vene"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Contravened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Contravening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>contravenire</ets>; L. <ets>contra + venire</ets> to come: cf. F. <ets>contrevenir</ets>. See <er>Come</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To meet in the way of opposition; to come into conflict with; to oppose; to contradict; to obstruct the operation of; to defeat.</def>

<blockquote>So plain a proposition . . . was not likely to be <b>contravened</b>.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To violate; to nullify; to be inconsistent with; <as>as, to <ex>contravene</ex> a law</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Laws that place the subjects in such a state <b>contravene</b> the first principles of the compact of authority.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To contradict; set aside; nullify; defeat; cross; obstruct; baffle; thwart.</syn>

<h1>Contravener</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*ven"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who contravenes.</def>

<h1>Contravention</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*ven"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>contravention</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of contravening; opposition; obstruction; transgression; violation.</def>

<blockquote>Warrants in <b>contravention</b> of the acts of Parliament.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In <b>contravention</b> of all his marriage stipulations.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contraversion</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A turning to the opposite side; antistrophe.</def>

<i>Congreve.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contrayerva</h1>
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<hw>Con`tra*yer"va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>contrayerba</ets>, literally, a counter herb, hence, an antidote for poison, fr. l. <ets>contra + herba</ets> herb.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of <spn>Dorstenia</spn> (<spn>D. Contrayerva</spn>), a South American plant, the aromatic root of which is sometimes used in medicine as a gentle stimulant and tonic.</def>

<h1>Contrecoup</h1>
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<hw>Con`tre*coup"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>contre</ets> (L. <ets>contra</ets>) + <ets>coup</ets> a blow.]</ety> <fld>(med.)</fld> <def>A concussion or shock produced by a blow or other injury, in a part or region opposite to that at which the blow is received, often causing rupture or disorganisation of the parts affected.</def>

<h1>Contretemps</h1>
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<hw>Con`tre*temps"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>contre</ets> (L. <ets>conta</ets>) + <ets>temps</ets> time, fr. L. <ets>tempus</ets>.]</ety> <def>An unexpected and untoward accident; something inopportune or embarassing; a hitch.</def>

<blockquote>In this unhappy <b>contretemps</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contributable</h1>
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<hw>Con*trib"u*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being contributed.</def>

<h1>Contributary</h1>
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<hw>Con*trib"u*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Contributory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tributary; contributing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>It was situated on the Ganges, at the place where this river received a <b>contributary</b> stream.
<i>D'Anville (Trans. ).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contribute</h1>
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<hw>Con*trib"ute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Contributed</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Contributing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>contributus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>contribuere</ets> to bring together, to add; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>tribuere</ets> to grant, impart. See <er>Tribute</er>.]</ety> <def>To give or grant i common with others; to give to a common stock or for a common purpose; to furnish or suply in part; to give (money or other aid) for a specified object; <as>as, to <ex>contribute</ex> food or fuel for the poor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>England <b>contributes</b> much more than any other of the allies.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contribute</h1>
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<hw>Con*trib"ute</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give a part to a common stock; to lend assistance or aid, or give something, to a common purpose; to have a share in any act or effect.</def>

<blockquote>We are engaged in war; the secretary of state calls upon the colonies to <b>contribute</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give or use one's power or influence for any object; to assist.</def>

<blockquote>These men also <b>contributed</b> to obstruct the progress of wisdom.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contribution</h1>
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<hw>Con`tri*bu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contributio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contribution</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of contributing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is contributed; -- either the portion which an individual furnishes to the common stock, or the whole which is formed by the gifts of individuals.</def>

<blockquote>A certain <b>contribution</b> for the poor saints which are at jerusalem.
<i>Rom. xv. 26.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Aristotle's actual <b>contributions</b> to the physical sciences.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="316">
Page 316<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An irregular and arbitrary imposition or tax leved on the people of a town or country.</def>

<blockquote>These sums, . . . and the forced <b>contributions</b> paid by luckless peasants, enabled him to keep his straggling troops together.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Payment, by each of several jointly liable, of a share in a loss suffered or an amount paid by one of their number for the common benefit.</def>

<h1>Contributional</h1>
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<hw>Con`tri*bu"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or furnishing, a contribution.</def>

<h1>Contributive</h1>
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<hw>Con*trib"u*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Contributing, or tending to contribute.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Contributer</h1>
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<hw>Con*trib"u*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, contributes; specifically, one who writes articles for a newspaper or magazine.</def>

<h1>Contributory</h1>
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<hw>Con*trib"u*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Contributing to the same stock or purpose; promoting the same end; bringing assistance to some joint design, or increase to some common stock; contributive.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Bonfires of <b>contributory</b> wood.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Contributory negligence</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>negligence by an injured party, which combines with the negligence of the injurer in producing the injury, and which bars recovery when it is the proximate cause of the injury.</cd></cs>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Contributory</h1>
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<hw>Con*trib"u*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Contributories</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who contributes, or is liable to be called upon to contribute, as toward the discharge of a common indebtedness.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Contrist</h1>
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<hw>Con*trist"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>contrister</ets>. See <er>Contristate</er>.]</ety> <def>To make sad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To deject and <b>contrist</b> myself.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contristate</h1>
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<hw>Con*tris"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contristatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>contristare</ets> to sadden; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>tristis</ets> sad.]</ety> <def>To make sorrowful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Contrite</h1>
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<hw>Con"trite</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contritus</ets> bruised, p. p. of <ets>contrere</ets> to grind, bruise; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>terere</ets> to rub, grind: cf. F. <ets>contrit</ets> See <er>Trite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Thoroughly bruised or broken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Broken down with grief and penitence; deeply sorrowful for sin because it is displeasing to God; humbly and thoroughly penitent.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>contrite</b> heart, O God, thou wilt not despise.
<i>Ps. li. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Be penitent, and for thy fault <b>contrite</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Penitent; repentant; humble; sorrowful.</syn>

<h1>Contrite</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con"trite</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A contrite person.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Contrite</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con"trite</hw>, <tt>v.</tt> <def>In a contrite manner.</def>

<h1>Contriteness</h1>
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<hw>Con"trite`ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Deep sorrow and penitence for sin; contrition.</def>

<h1>Contrition</h1>
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<hw>Con*tri"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>contrition</ets>, L. <ets>contritio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of grinding or ribbing to powder; attrition; friction; rubbing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The breaking of their parts into less parts by <b>contrition</b>.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being contrite; deep sorrow and repentance for sin, because sin is displeasing to God; humble penitence; through repentance.</def>

<blockquote>My future days shall be one whole <b>contrition</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- repentance; penitence; humiliation; compunction; self-reproach; remorse.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Contrition</er>, <er>Attrition</er>, <er>repentance</er>. -- <i>Contrition</i> is deep sorrow and self-condemnation, with through repetance for sin because it is displeasing to God, and implies a feeling of love toward God. <i>Attrition</i> is sorrow for sin, or imperfect repentance produced by fear of punishment or a sense of the baseness of sin. <i>Repentance</i> is a penitent renunciation of, and turning from, sin; thorough repentance produces a new life. <i>Repentance</i> is often used as synonymous with <i>contrition</i>. See <er>Compunction</er>.</usage>

<h1>Contriturate</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*trit"u*rate</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>  <def>To triturate; to pulverize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Contrivble</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*triv"*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being contrived, planned, invented, or devised.</def>

<blockquote>A perpetual motion may seem easily <b>contrivable</b>.
<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contrivance</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*triv"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or faculty of contriving, inventing, devising, or planning.</def>

<blockquote>The machine which we are inspecting demonstrates, by its construction, <b>contrivance</b> and design. <b>Contrivance</b> must have had a contriver.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thing contrived, invented, or planned; disposition of parts or causes by design; a scheme; plan; atrifice; arrangement.</def>

<blockquote>Government is a <b>contrivance</b> of human wisdom to provide for human wants.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Device; plan; scheme; invention; machine; project; design; artifice; shift. See <er>Device</er>.</syn>

<h1>Contrive</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*trive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Contrived</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Contriving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>contriven</ets>, <ets>contreven</ets>, <ets>controven</ets>, to invent, OF. <ets>controver</ets>, <ets>contruver</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>trouver</ets> to find. See <er>Troubadour</er>, <er>trover</er>.]</ety> <def>To form by an exercise of ingenuity; to devise; to invent; to design; to plan.</def>

<blockquote>What more likely to <b>contrive</b> this admirable frame of the universe than infinite wisdom.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>neither do thou imagine that I shall <b>contrive</b> aught against his life.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To invent; discover; plan; design; project; plot; concert; hatch.</syn>

<h1>Contrive</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*trive"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make devices; to form designs; to plan; to scheme; to plot.</def>

<blockquote>The Fates with traitors do <b>contrive</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou hast <b>contrived</b> against th very life
Of the defendant.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contrivement</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*trive"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Contrivance; invention; arrangement; design; plan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Consider the admirable <b>contrivement</b> and artifice of this great fabric.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Active to meet their <b>contrivements</b>.
<i>Sir G. Buck.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contriver</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*triv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who contrives, devises, plans, or schemas.</def>

<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Control</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*trol"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>contr\'93le</ets> a counter register, contr. fr. <ets>contr-r\'93le</ets>; <ets>contre</ets> (L. <ets>contra</ets>) + <ets>r\'93le</ets> roll, catalogue. See <er>Counter</er> and <er>Roll</er>, and cf. <er>Counterroll</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A duplicate book, register, or account, kept to correct or check another account or register; a counter register.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which serves to check, restrain, or hinder; restraint.</def> "Speak without <i>control</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Power or authority to check or restrain; restraining or regulating influence; superintendence; government; <as>as, children should be under parental <ex>control</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The House of Commons should exercise a <b>control</b> over all the departments of the executive administration.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Board of control</col>. <cd>See under <er>Board</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Control</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*trol"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Controlled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Controlling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>contr\'93ler</ets>, fr. <ets>contr\'93le</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written <asp>comptrol</asp> and <asp>controul</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To check by a counter register or duplicate account; to prove by counter statements; to confute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This report was <b>controlled</b> to be false.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exercise restraining or governing influence over; to check; to counteract; to restrain; to regulate; to govern; to overpower.</def>

<blockquote>Give me a staff of honor for mine age,
But not a scepter to <b>control</b> the world.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I feel my virtue struggling in my soul:
But stronger passion does its power <b>control</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To restrain; rule; govern; manage; guide; regulate; hinder; direct; check; curb; counteract; subdue.</syn>

<h1>Controllability</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*trol`la*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capability of being controlled; controllableness.</def>

<h1>Controllable</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*trol"la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being controlled, checked, or restrained; amenable to command.</def>

<blockquote>Passion is the drunkeness of the mind, and, therefore, . . . not always <b>controllable</b> by reason.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Controllableness</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*trol"la*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capability of being controlled.</def>

<h1>Controller</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*trol"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>control</ets>, v.t.: cf. F. <ets>contr\'93leur</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, controls or restraines; one who has power or authority to regulate or control; one who governs.</def>

<blockquote>The great <b>controller</b> of our fate
Deigned to be man, and lived in low estate.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An officer appointed to keep a counter register of accounts, or to examine, rectify, or verify accounts.</def> <altsp>[More commonly written <asp>controller</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An iron block, usually bolted to a ship's deck, for controlling the running out of a chain cable. The links of the cable tend to drop into hollows in the block, and thus hold fast until disengaged.</def>

<h1>Controllership</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*trol"ler*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a controller.</def>

<h1>Controlment</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*trol"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The power or act of controlling; the state of being rstrained; control; restraint; regulation; superintendence.</def>

<blockquote>You may do it without <b>controlment</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Opposition; resistance; hostility.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Here have we war for war, and blood for blood,
<b>Controlment</b> for controlment.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Controversal</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con`tro*ver"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Turning or looking opposite ways.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The temple of Janus, with his two <b>controversal</b> faces.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Controversal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Controversary</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con`tro*ver"sa*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Controversial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Controverse</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con"tro*verse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>controverse</ets>.]</ety> <def>Controversy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Controverse</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con"tro*verse</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>controversari</ets>, fr. <ets>controversus</ets> turned against, disputed.]</ety> <def>To dispute; to controvert.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Controversed</i> causes."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Controverser</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con"tro*ver`ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A disputant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Controversial</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con`tro*ver"sial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>controversialis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to, or consisting of, controversy; disputatious; polemical; <as>as, <ex>controversial</ex> divinity</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whole libraries of <b>controversial</b> books.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Controversialist</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con`tro*ver"sial*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who carries on a controversy; a disputant.</def>

<blockquote>He [Johnson] was both intellectually and morally of the stuff of which <b>controversialists</b> are made.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Controversially</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con`tro*ver"sial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a controversial manner.</def>

<h1>Controversion</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con`tro*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of controverting; controversy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Controversor</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con"tro*ver`sor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A controverser.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Controversy</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con"tro*ver`sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Controversies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>controversia</ets>, fr. <ets>controversus</ets> turned against, disputed; <ets>contro-</ets> = <ets>contra</ets> + <ets>versus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>vertere</ets> to turn. See <er>Verse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Contention; dispute; debate; discussion; agitation of contrary opinions.</def>

<blockquote>This left no room for <b>controversy</b> about the title.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A dispute is commonly oral, and a <b>controversy</b> in writing.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Quarrel; strife; cause of variance; difference.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord hath a <b>controversy</b> with the nations.
<i>Jer. xxv. 31.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A suit in law or equity; a question of right.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When any man that had a <b>controversy</b> came to the king for judgment.
<i>2 Sam. xv. 2.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Dispute; debate; disputation; disagreement; altercation; contention; wrangle; strife; quarrel.</syn>

<h1>Controvert</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con"tro*vert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Controverted</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Controverting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Controversy</er>.]</ety> <def>To make matter of controversy; to dispute or oppose by reasoning; to contend against in words or writings; to contest; to debate.</def>

<blockquote>Some <b>controverted</b> points had decided according to the sense of the best jurists.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Controverter</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con"tro*ver`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who controverts; a controversial writer; a controversialist.</def>

<blockquote>Some <b>controverters</b> in divinity are like swaggerers in a tavern.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Controvertible</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con`tro*ver"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being controverted; disputable; admitting of question.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Con`tro*ver"ti*bly</wf>, <tt>adv</i>.</wordforms>

<h1>Controvertist</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con"tro*ver`tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in or given to controversy; a controversialist.</def>

<blockquote>How unfriendly is the <b>controvertist</b> to the discernment of the critic!
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contubernal, Contubernial</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw><hw>Con*tu"ber*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Con`tu*ber"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contubernalis</ets> a tent companion, fr. <ets>contubernium</ets> tent companionship.]</ety> <def>Living or messing together; familiar; in companionship.</def>

<blockquote>Humble folk ben Christes friends: they ben <b>contubernial</b> with the Lord, thy King.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contumacious</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con`tu*ma"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contumax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>. See <er>Contumacy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exhibiting contumacy; contemning authority; obstinate; perverse; stubborn; disobedient.</def>

<blockquote>There is another very, efficacious method for subding the most obstinate, <b>contumacious sinner</b>.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Willfully disobedient to the summous or prders of a court.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Stubborn; obstinate; obdurate; disobedient; perverse; unyielding; headstrong.</syn>

 -- <wordforms><wf>Con`tu*ma"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Con`tu*ma"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Contumacy</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con"tu*ma*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Contumacies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>contumacia</ets>, fr. <ets>contumax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, insolent; prob. akin to <ets>contemnere</ets> to despise: cf. F. <ets>contumace</ets>. Cf. <er>Contemn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Stubborn perverseness; pertinacious resistance to authority.</def>

<blockquote>The bishop commanded him . . . to be thrust into the stocks for his manifest and manifold <b>contumacy</b>.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A willful contempt of, and disobedience to, any lawful summons, or to the rules and orders of court, as a refusal to appear in court when legally summoned.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Stubbornness; perverseness; obstinacy.</syn>

<h1>Contumelious</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con`tu*me"li*ous</hw> <tt>(?&or; ?; 106)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contumeliosus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exhibiting contumely; rudely contemptuous; insolent; disdainful.</def>

<blockquote>Scoffs, and scorns, and <b>contumelious</b> taunts.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Curving a <b>contumelious</b> lip.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Shameful; disgraceful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Con`tu*me"li*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Con`tu*me"li*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Contumely</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con"tu*me*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contumelia</ets>, prob. akin to <ets>contemnere</ets> to despise: cf. OF. <ets>contumelie</ets>. Cf. <er>Contumacy</er>.]</ety> <def>Rudeness compounded of haughtiness and contempt; scornful insolence; despiteful treatment; disdain; contemptuousness in act or speech; disgrace.</def>

<blockquote>The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's <b>contumely</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nothing aggravates tyranny so much as <b>contumely</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Contuse</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*tuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Contused</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Contusing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>contusus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>contundere</ets> to beat, crush; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>tundere</ets> to beat, akin to Skr. <ets>tud</ets> (for <ets>stud</ets>) to strike, Goth. <ets>stautan</ets>. See <er>Stutter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat, pound, or together.</def>

<blockquote>Roots, barks, and seeds <b>contused</b> together.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bruise; to injure or disorganize a part without breaking the skin.</def>

<cs><col>Contused wound</col>, <cd>a wound attended with bruising.</cd></cs>

<h1>Contusion</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*tu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>contusio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contusion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of beating, bruising, or pounding; the state of being beaten or bruised.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A bruise; an injury attended with more or less disorganization of the subcutaneous tissue and effusion of blood beneath the skin, but without apparent wound.</def>

<h1>Conundrum</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Co*nun"drum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Origin unknown.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of riddle based upon some fanciful or fantastic resemblance between things quite unlike; a puzzling question, of which the answer is or involves a pun.</def>

<blockquote>Or pun ambiguous, or <b>conundrum</b> quaint.
<i>J. Philips.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A question to which only a conjectural answer can be made.</def>

<blockquote>Do you think life is long enough to let me speculate on <b>conundrums</b> like that?
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conure</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Co*nure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>conurus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a cone + <?/ tail. The name alludes to the tapering tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American parrakeet of the genus <spn>Conurus</spn>. Many species are known. See <er>Parrakeet</er>.</def>

<h1>Conus</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Co"nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a cone.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Linnean genus of mollusks having a conical shell.</def> See <er>Cone</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<h1>Conusable</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con"u*sa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cognizable; liable to be tried or judged.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Barlow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conusant</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con"u*sant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Cognizant</er>.</def>

<h1>Conusor</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con`u*sor"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Cognizor</er>.</def>

<h1>Convalesce</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con`va*lesce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Convalesced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Convalescing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>convalscere</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>valescere</ets> to grow strong, v. incho. of <ets>valere</ets> to be strong. See <er>Vallant</er>.]</ety> <def>To recover health and strength gradually, after sickness or weakness; <as>as, a patient begins to <ex>convalesce</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Convalesced</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con`va*lesced"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Convalescent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He found the queen somewhat <b>convalesced</b>.
<i>J. Knox.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convalescence, Convalescency</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw><hw>Con`va*les"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Con`va*les"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>convalescentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>convalescence</ets>.]</ety> <def>The recovery of heath and strength after disease; the state of a body renewing its vigor after sickness or weakness; the time between the subsidence of a disease and complete restoration to health.</def>

<h1>Convalescent</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con`va*les"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>convalescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr.: cf. F. <ets>convalescent</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Recovering from siclness or debility; partially restored to health or strength.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to convalescence.</def>

<h1>Convalescent</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con`va*les"cent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One recovering from sickness.</def>

<h1>Convalescently</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con`va*les"cent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a convalescent; with increasing strength or vigor.</def>

<h1>Convallamarin</h1>
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<hw>Con*val"la*ma`rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Convalaria</ets> + L. <ets>amarus</ets> bitter.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, poisonous substance, regarded as a glucoside, extracted from the lily of the valley (<spn>Convallaria Majalis</spn>). Its taste is first bitter, then sweet.</def>

<h1>Convallaria</h1>
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<hw>Con`val*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>convallis</ets> a valley; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>vallis</ets> valley.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Med.)</fld> <def>The lily of the valley.</def>

<h1>Convallarin</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con`val*la"rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline glucoside, of an irritating taste, extracted from the convallaria or lily of the valley.</def>

<h1>Convection</h1>
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<hw>Con*vec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>convectio</ets>, fr. <ets>convehere</ets> to bring together; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>vehere</ets> to carry.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of conveying or transmitting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A process of transfer or transmission, as of heat or electricity, by means of currents in liquids or gases, resulting from changes of temperature and other causes.</def>

<blockquote>Liquids are generally heated by <b>convection</b> -- when heat is applied from bellow.
<i>Nichol.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convective</h1>
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<hw>Con*vec"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Caused or accomplished by convection; <as>as, a <ex>convective</ex> discharge of electricity</as>.</def>

<i>Faraday.</i>

<h1>Convectively</h1>
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<hw>Con*vec"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a convective manner.</def>

<i>Hare.</i>

<h1>Convellent</h1>
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<hw>Con*vel"lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>convellens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>convellere</ets>. See <er>Convulse</er>.]</ety> <def>Tending to tear or pull up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The ends of the fragment . . . will not yield to the <b>convellent</b> force.
<i>Todd & Bowman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convenable</h1>
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<hw>Con*ven"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being convened or assembled.</def>

<h1>Convenable</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con"ve*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>convenable</ets>, fr. <ets>convenir</ets>. See <er>Convene</er>.]</ety> <def>Consistent; accordant; suitable; proper; <as>as, <ex>convenable</ex> remedies</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With his wod his work is <b>convenable</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convenance</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con"ve*nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fitness, suitableness.]</ety> <def>That which is suitable, agreeable, or convenient.</def>

<blockquote>And they missed
Their wonted <b>convenance</b>, cheerly hid the loss.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convene</h1>
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<hw>Con*vene"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Convened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Convenong</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>convenire</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>venire</ets> to come: cf. F. <ets>convenir</ets> to agree, to be fitting, OF. also, to assemble. See <er>Come</er>, and cf. <er>Covenant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come together; to meet; to unite.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>In shortsighted men . . . the rays converge and <b>convene</b> in the eyes before they come at the bottom.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come together, as in one body or for a public purpose; to meet; to assemble.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>The Parliament of Scotland now <b>convened</b>.
<i>Sir R. Baker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Faint, underneath, the household fowls <b>convene</b>.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To meet; to assemble; to congregate; to collect; to unite.</syn>

<h1>Convene</h1>
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<hw>Con*vene"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to assemble; to call together; to convoke.</def>

<blockquote>And now the almighty father of the gods
<b>Convenes</b> a council in the blest abodes.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To summon judicially to meet or appear.</def>

<blockquote>By the papal canon law, clerks . . . can not be <b>convened</b> before any but an ecclesiastical judge.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convener</h1>
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<hw>Con*ven"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who convenes or meets with others.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who calls an assembly together or convenes a meeting; hence, the chairman of a committee or other organized body.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Convenience; 106, Conveniency</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw><hw>Con*ven"ience</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <hw>Con*ven"ien*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>convenientia</ets> agreement, fitness. See <er>Convenient</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being convenient; fitness or suitableness, as of place, time, etc.; propriety.</def>

<blockquote>Let's futher think of this;
Weigh what <b>convenience</b> both of time and means
May fit us to our shape.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With all brief and plain <b>conveniency</b>,
Let me have judgment.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Freedom from discomfort, difficulty, or trouble; commodiousness; ease; accommodation.</def>

<blockquote>Thus necessity invented stools,
<b>Convenience</b> next suggested elbow chairs.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We are rather intent upon the end of God's glory than our own <b>conveniency</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is convenient; that which promotes comfort or advantage; that which is suited to one's wants; an accommodation.</def>

<blockquote>A pair of spectacles and several other little <b>conveniences</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A convenient or fit time; opportunity; <as>as, to do something at one's <ex>convenience</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Convenient</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*ven"ient</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conveniens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, suitable, p.pr. of <ets>convenire</ets> to be suitable, to come. See <er>Convene</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fit or adapted; suitable; proper; becoming; appropriate.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Feed me with food <b>convenient</b> for me.
<i>Prov. xxx. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Neither filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which are not <b>convenient</b>.
<i>Eph. v. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affording accommodation or advantage; well adapted to use; handly; <as>as, a <ex>convenient</ex> house; <ex>convenient</ex> implements or tools.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Seasonable; timely; opportune; <as>as, a <ex>convenient</ex> occasion; a <ex>convenient</ex> season.</as></def>

<i>Acts xxiv. 25.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Near at hand; easy of access.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Hereties used to be brought thither, <b>convenient</b> for burning.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Fit; suitable; proper; adapted; fitted; suited; handly; commodious.</syn>

<h1>Conveniently</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*ven"ient*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a convenient manner, form, or situation; without difficulty.</def>

<h1>Convent</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con"vent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conventus</ets> a meeting, LL. also, a convent. See <er>Convene</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A coming together; a meeting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A usual ceremony at their [the witches] <b>convents</b> or meetings.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An association or community of recluses devoted to a religious life; a body of monks or nuns.</def>

<blockquote>One of our <b>convent</b>, and his [the duke's] confessor.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A house occupied by a community of religious recluses; a monastery or nunnery.</def>

<blockquote>One seldom finds in Italy a spot of ground more agreeable than ordinary that is not covered with a <b>convent</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Nunnery; monastery; abbey. See <er>Cloister</er>.</syn>

<h1>Convent</h1>
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<hw>Con*vent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conventus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>convenire</ets>. See <er>Convene</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To meet together; to concur.</def> <mark>[obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be convenient; to serve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When that is known and golden time <b>convents</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convent</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*vent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To call before a judge or judicature; to summon; to convene.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Conventical</h1>
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<hw>Con*vent"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or from, or pertaining to, a convent.</def> "<i>Conventical</i> wages."

<i>Sterne.</i>

<cs><col>Conventical prior</col>. <cd>See <er>Prior</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Conventicle</h1>
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<hw>Con*ven"ti*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conventiculum</ets>, dim. of <ets>conventus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conventicule</ets>. See <er>Convent</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small assembly or gathering; esp., a secret assembly.</def>

<blockquote>They are commanded to abstain from all <b>conventicles</b> of men whatsoever.

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An assembly for religious worship; esp., such an assembly held privately, as in times of persecution, by Nonconformists or Dissenters in England, or by Covenanters in Scotland; -- often used opprobriously, as if those assembled were heretics or schismatics.</def>

<blockquote>The first Christians could never have had recourse to nocturnal or clandestine <b>conventicles</b> till driven to them by the violence of persecution.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A sort of men who . . . attend its [the curch of England's] service in the morning, and go with their wives to a <b>conventicle</b> in the afternoon.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conventicler</h1>
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<hw>Con*ven"ti*cler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who supports or frequents conventicles.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Conventicling</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*ven"ti*cling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging or going to, or resembling, a conventicle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Conventicling</b> schools . . . set up and taught secretly by fanatics.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convention</h1>
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<hw>Con*ven"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conventio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>convention</ets>. See <er>Convene</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of coming together; the state of being together; union; coalition.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>conventions</b> or associations of several particles of matter into bodies of any certain denomination.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>General agreement or concurrence; arbitrary custom; usage; conventionality.</def>

<blockquote>There are thousands now
Such women, but <b>convention</b> beats them down.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A meeting or an assembly of persons, esp. of delegates or representatives, to accomplish some specific object, -- civil, social, political, or ecclesiastical.</def>

<blockquote>He set himself to the making of good laws in a grand <b>convention</b> of his nobles.
<i>Sir R. Baker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>convention</b> of delegates from all the States, to meet in Philadelphia, for the sole and express purpose of reserving the federal system, and correcting its defects.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eng. Hist)</fld> <def>An extraordinary assembly of the parkiament or estates of the realm, held without the king's writ, -- as the assembly which restored Charles II. to the throne, and that which declared the throne to be abdicated by James II.</def>

<blockquote>Our gratitude is due . . . to the Long Parliament, to the <b>Convention</b>, and to William of Orange.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An agreement or contract less formal than, or preliminary to, a traety; an informal compact, as between commanders of armies in respect to suspension of hostilities, or between states; also, a formal agreement between governments or sovereign powers; <as>as, a postal <ex>convetion</ex> between two governments</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>convention</b>, I think from my soul, is nothing but a stipulation for national ignominy; a truce without a suspension of hostilities.
<i>Ld. Chatham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>convention</b> with the State of georgia has been ratified by their Legislature.
<i>T. Jefferson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conventional</h1>
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<hw>Con*ven"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conventionalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conventionnel</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Formed by agreement or compact; stipulated.</def>

<blockquote><b>Conventional</b> services reserved by tenures upon grants, made out of the crown or knights' service.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Growing out of, or depending on, custom or tacit agreement; sanctioned by general concurrence or usage; formal.</def> "<i>Conventional</i> decorum."

<i>Whewell.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>conventional</b> language appropriated to monarchs.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ordinary salutations, and other points of social behavior, are <b>conventional</b>.
<i>Latham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Based upon tradition, whether religious and historical or of artistic rules.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Abstracted; removed from close representation of nature by the deliberate selection of what is to be represented and what is to be rejected; <as>as, a <ex>conventional</ex> flower; a <ex>conventional</ex> shell.</as>  Cf. <er>Conventionalize</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Conventionalism</h1>
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<hw>Con*ven"tion*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is received or established by convention or arbitrary agreement; that which is in accordance with the fashion, tradition, or usage.</def>

<blockquote>All the artifice and <b>conventionalism</b> of life.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They gaze on all with dead, dim eyes, -- wrapped in <b>conventionalisms</b>, . . . simulating feelings according to a received standart.
<i>F. W. Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The principles or practice of conventionalizing. See <er>Conventionalize</er>, <i>v. t.</i></def>

<h1>Conventionalist</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*ven"tion*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who adheres to a convention or treaty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is governed by conventionalism.</def>

<h1>Conventionality</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*ven`tion*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Conventionalities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The state of being conventional; adherence to social formalities or usages; that which is established by conventional use; one of the customary usages of social life.</def>

<h1>Conventionalization</h1>
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<hw>Con*ven`tion*al*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of making conventional.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The state of being conventional.</def>

<h1>Conventionalizw</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*ven"tion*al*izw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Conventionalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Conventionalizing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make conventional; to bring under the influence of, or cause to conform to, conventional rules; to establish by usage.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To represent by selecting the important features and those which are expressible in the medium employed, and omitting the others.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To represent according to an established principle, whether religious or traditional, or based upon certain artistic rules of supposed importance.</def>

<h1>Conventionalize</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*ven"tion*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>To make designs in art, according to conventional principles. Cf. <er>Conventionalize</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Conventionalily</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*ven"tion*ali*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a conventional manner.</def>

<h1>Conventionary</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*ven"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Acting under contract; settled by express agreement; <as>as, <ex>conventionary</ex> tenants</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. Carew.</i>

<h1>Conventioner</h1>
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<hw>Con*ven"tion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who belongs to a convention or assembly.</def>

<h1>Conventionist</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*ven"tion*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who enters into a convention, covenant, or contract.</def>

<h1>Conventual</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*ven"tu*al</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>conventualis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conventuel</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a convent; monastic.</def> "A <i>conventual</i> garb."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<cs><col>Conventual church</col>, <cd>a church attached or belonging to a convent or monastery.</cd></cs>

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<h1>Conventual</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*ven"tu*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lives in a convent; a monk or num; a recluse.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Converge</h1>
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<hw>Con*verge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Converged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Converging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>con-</ets> + L. <ets>vergere</ets> to turn, incline; cf. F. <ets>converger</ets>. See <er>Verge</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>To tend to one point; to incline and approach nearer together; <as>as, lines <ex>converge</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The mountains <b>converge</b> into a single ridge.
<i>Jefferson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Converge</h1>
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<hw>Con*verge"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to tend to one point; to cause to incline and approach nearer together.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>converge</b> its rays to a focus of dazzling brilliancy.
<i>Tyndall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convergence, Convergency</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw><hw>Con*ver"gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Con*ver"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>convergence</ets>.]</ety> <def>The condition or quality of converging; tendency to one point.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>convergence</b> or divergence of the rays falling on the pupil.
<i>Berkeley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convergent</h1>
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<hw>Con*ver"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>convergent</ets>.]</ety> <def>tending to one point of focus; tending to approach each other; converging.</def>

<blockquote>As many rays of light, as conveniently can be let in, and made <b>convergent</b>.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The vast dome of its cathedral . . . directing its <b>convergent</b> curves to heaven.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Converging</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*ver"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to one point; approaching each other; convergent; <as>as, <ex>converging</ex> lines</as>.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<cs><col>Converging rays</col><fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>rays of light, which, proceeding from different points of an object, tend toward a single point.</cd> -- <col>Converging series</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a series in which if an indefinitely great number of terms be taken, their sum will become indefinitely near in value to a fixed quantity, which is called the <i>sum of the series<i>; -- opposed to a <i>diverging<i> series.</cd></cs>

<h1>Conversable</h1>
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<hw>Con*vers"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>conversable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Qualified for conversation; disposed to converse; sociable; free in discourse.</def>

<blockquote>While young, humane, <b>conversable</b>, and kind.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conversableness</h1>
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<hw>Con*vers"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being conversable; disposition to converse; sociability.</def>

<h1>Conversably</h1>
<Xpage=316>

<hw>Con*vers"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a conversable manner.</def>

<h1>Conversance</h1>
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<hw>Con"ver*sance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being conversant; habit of familiarity; familiar acquaintance; intimacy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Conversancy</h1>
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<hw>Con"ver*san*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Conversance</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Conversant</h1>
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<hw>Con"ver*sant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conversans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>conversari</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conversant</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having frequent or customary intercourse; familiary associated; intimately acquainted.</def>

<blockquote>I have been <b>conversant</b> with the first persons of the age.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Familiar or acquainted by use or study; well-informed; versed; -- generally used with <i>with</i>, sometimes with <i>in</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Deeply <b>conversant</b> in the Platonic philosophy.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>he uses the different dialects as one who had been <b>conversant</b> with them all.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Conversant</b> only with the ways of men.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Concerned; occupied.</def>

<blockquote>Education . . . is <b>conversant</b> about children.
<i>W. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conversant</h1>
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<hw>Con*vers"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who converses with another; a convenser.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Conversantly</h1>
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<hw>Con"ver*sant*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a familiar manner.</def>

<h1>Conversation</h1>
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<hw>Con`ver*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>conversacio</ets> (in senses 1 & 2), OF. <ets>conversacion</ets>, F. <ets>conversation</ets>, fr. L. <ets>conversatio</ets> frequent abode in a place, intercourse, LL. also, manner of life.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>General course of conduct; behavior.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Let your <b>conversation</b> be as it becometh the gospel.
<i>Philip. i. 27.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Familiar intercourse; intimate fellowship or association; close acquaintance.</def> "<i>Conversation</i> with the best company."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>I set down, out of long experience in business and much <b>conversation</b> in books, what I thought pertinent to this business.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Commerce; intercourse; traffic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All traffic and mutual <b>conversation</b>.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Colloqual discourse; oral interchange of sentiments and observations; informal dialogue.</def>

<blockquote>The influence exercised by his [Johnson's] <b>conversation</b> was altogether without a parallel.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Sexual intercourse; <as>as, criminal <ex>conversation</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Intercourse; communion; commerce; familiarity; discourse; dialogue; colloque; talk; chat.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Conversation</er>, <er>Talk</er>. There is a looser sense of these words, in which they are synonymous; there is a stricter sense, in which they differ. <i>Talk</i> is usually broken, familiar, and versatile. <i>Conversation</i> is more continuous and sustained, and turns ordinarily upon topics or higher interest. Children <i>talk</i> to their parents or to their companions; men <i>converse</i> together in mixed assemblies. Dr. Johnson once remarked, of an evening spent in society, that there had been a great deal of <i>talk</i>, but no <i>conversation</i>.</usage>

<hr>
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<h1>Conversational</h1>
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<hw>Con`ver*sa"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to conversation; in the manner of one conversing; <as>as, a <ex>conversational</ex> style</as>.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Conversationalist</h1>
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<hw>Con`ver*sa"tion*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A conversationist.</def>

<h1>Conversationed</h1>
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<hw>Conver*sa"tioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Acquainted with manners and deportment; behaved.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Till she be better <b>conversationed</b>, . . . I'll keep
As far from her as the gallows.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conversationism</h1>
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<hw>Con`ver*sa"tion*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A word or phrase used in conversation; a colloqualism.</def>

<h1>Conversationist</h1>
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<hw>Con`ver*sa"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who converses much, or who excels in conversation.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Conversative</h1>
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<hw>Con*ver"sa*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to intercourse with men; social; -- opposed to <i>contemplative</i>.</def>

<blockquote>She chose . . . to endue him with the <b>conversative</b> qualities of youth.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conversazi-one</h1>
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<hw>Con`ver*sa`zi-o"ne</hw> <tt>(?&or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Conversazioni</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It. See <er>Conversation</er>.]</ety> <def>A meeting or assembly for conversation, particularly on literary or scientific subjects.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<blockquote>These <b>conversazioni</b> [at Florence] resemble our card assemblies.
<i>A. Drummond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Converse</h1>
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<hw>Con*verse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Conversed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Conversing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>converser</ets>, L. <ets>conversari</ets> to associate with; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>versari</ets> to be turned, to live, remain, fr. <ets>versare</ets> to turn often, v. intens. of <ets>vertere</ets> to turn See <er>Convert</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To keep company; to hold intimate intercourse; to commune; -- followed by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>To seek the distant hills, and there <b>converse</b>
With nature.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Conversing</b> with the world, we use the world's fashions.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But to <b>converse</b> with heaven -
This is not easy.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To engage, in familiar colloqui; to interchange thoughts and opinions in a free, informal manner; to chat; -- followed by <i>with</i> before a person; by <i>on</i>, <i>about</i>, <i>concerning</i>, etc., before a thing.</def>

<blockquote>Companions
That do <b>converse</b> and waste the time together.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We had <b>conversed</b> so often on that subject.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To have knowledge of, from long intercourse or study; -- said of things.</def>

<blockquote>According as the objects they <b>converse</b> with afford greater or less variety.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To associate; commune; discourse; talk; chat.</syn>

<h1>Converse</h1>
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<hw>Con"verse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Frequent intercourse; familiar communion; intimate association.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<blockquote>"T is but to hold
<b>Converse</b> with Nature's charms, and view her stores unrolled.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Familiar discourse; free interchange of thoughts or views; conversation; chat.</def>

<blockquote>Formed by thy <b>converse</b> happily to steer
From grave to gay, from lively to severe.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Converse</h1>
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<hw>Con"verse</hw><def>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conversus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>convertere</ets>. See <er>Convert</er>.]</ety> Turned about; reversed in order or relation; reciprocal; <as>as, a <ex>converse</ex> proposition</as>.</def>

<h1>Converse</h1>
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<hw>Con"verse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A proposition which arises from interchanging the terms of another, as by putting the predicate for the subject, and the subject for the predicate; <as>as, no virtue is vice, no vice is virtue</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; It should not (as is often done) be confounded with the <i>contrary</i> or <i>opposite</i> of a proposition, which is formed by introducing the negative <i>not</i> or <i>no</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A proposition in which, after a conclusion from something supposed has been drawn, the order is inverted, making the conclusion the supposition or premises, what was first supposed becoming now the conclusion or inference. Thus, if two sides of a sides of a triangle are equal, the angles opposite the sides are equal; and the <i>converse</i> is true, <it>i.e.</it>, if these angles are equal, the two sides are equal.</def>

<h1>Conversely</h1>
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<hw>Con"verse*ly</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/; 277)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a converse manner; with change of order or relation; reciprocally.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Converser</h1>
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<hw>Con*vers"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who engages in conversation.</def>

<h1>Conversible</h1>
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<hw>Con*ver"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being converted or reversed.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Conversion</h1>
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<hw>Con*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conversio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>conversion</ets>. See <er>Convert</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of turning or changing from one state or condition to another, or the state of being changed; transmutation; change.</def>

<blockquote>Artificial <b>conversion</b> of water into ice.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>conversion</b> of the aliment into fat.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of changing one's views or course, as in passing from one side, party, or from of religion to another; also, the state of being so changed.</def> "<i>Conversion</i> to Christianity."

<i>Prescott.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An appropriation of, and dealing with the property of another as if it were one's own, without right; <as>as, the <ex>conversion</ex> of a horse</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Or bring my action of <b>conversion</b>
And trover for my goods.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The act of interchanging the terms of a proposition, as by putting the subject in the place of the predicate, or the contrary.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A change or reduction of the form or value of a proposition; <as>as, the <ex>conversion</ex> of equations; the <ex>conversion</ex> of proportions.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A change of front, as a body of troops attacked in the flank.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A change of character or use, as of smoothbore guns into rifles.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>A spiritual and moral change attending a change of belief with conviction; a change of heart; a change from the service of the world to the service of God; a change of the ruling disposition of the soul, involving a transformation of the outward life.</def>

<blockquote>He oft
Frequented their assemblies, . . . and to them preached
<b>Conversion</b> and repentance, as to souls
In prison under judgments imminent.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conversive</h1>
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<hw>Con*ver"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being converted or changed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ready to converse; social.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Convert</h1>
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<hw>Con*vert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Converted</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Converting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>convertere</ets>, <ets>-versum</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>vertere</ets> to turn: cf. F. <ets>convertir</ets>. See <er>Verse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to turn; to turn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>O, which way shall I first <b>convert</b> myself?
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To change or turn from one state or condition to another; to alter in form, substance, or quality; to transform; to transmute; <as>as, to <ex>convert</ex> water into ice</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If the whole atmosphere were <b>converted</b> into water.
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That still lessens
The sorrow, and <b>converts</b> it nigh to joy.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To change or turn from one belief or course to another, as from one religion to another or from one party or sect to another.</def>

<blockquote>No attempt was made to <b>convert</b> the Moslems.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To produce the spiritual change called conversion in (any one); to turn from a bad life to a good one; to change the heart and moral character of (any one) from the controlling power of sin to that of holiness.</def>

<blockquote>He which <b>converteth</b> the sinner from the error of his way shall save a soul from death.
<i>Lames v. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To apply to any use by a diversion from the proper or intended use; to appropriate dishonestly or illegally.</def>

<blockquote>When a bystander took a coin to get it changed, and <b>converted</b> it, [it was] held no larceny.
<i>Cooley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To exchange for some specified equivalent; <as>as, to <ex>convert</ex> goods into money</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>To change (one proposition) into another, so that what was the subject of the first becomes the predicate of the second.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To turn into another language; to translate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Which story . . . Catullus more elegantly <b>converted</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Converted guns</col>, <cd>cast-iron guns lined with wrought-iron or steel tubes.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> -- <col>Converting furnace</col> <fld>(Steel Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a furnace in which wrought iron is converted into steel by cementation.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To change; turn; transmute; appropriate.</syn>

<h1>Convert</h1>
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<hw>Con*vert"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be turned or changed in character or direction; to undergo a change, physically or morally.</def>

<blockquote>If Nebo had had the preaching that thou hast, they [the Neboites] would have <b>converted</b>.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A red dust which <b>converth</b> into worms.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The public hope
And eye to thee <b>converting</b>.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convert</h1>
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<hw>Con"vert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person who is converted from one opinion or practice to another; a person who is won over to, or heartily embraces, a creed, religious system, or party, in which he has not previously believed; especially, one who turns from the controlling power of sin to that of holiness, or from unbelief to Christianity.</def>

<blockquote>The Jesuits did not persuade the <b>converts</b> to lay aside the use of images.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lay friar or brother, permitted to enter a monastery for the service of the house, but without orders, and not allowed to sing in the choir.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Proselyte; neophyte.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Convert</er>, <er>Proselyte</er>, <er>Pervert</er>. A <i>convert</i> is one who turns from what he believes to have been a decided error of faith or practice. Such a change may relate to religion, politics, or other subjects. properly considered, it is not confined to speculation alone, but affects the whole current of one's feelings and the tenor of his actions. As such a change carries with it the appearance of sincerity, the term <i>convert</i> is usually taken in a good sense. <i>Proselyte</i> is a term of more ambiguous use and application. It was first applied to an adherent of one religious system who had transferred himself externally to some other religious system; and is also applied to one who makes a similar transfer in respect to systems of philosophy or speculation. The term has little or no reference to the state of the heart. <i>Pervert</i> is a term of recent origin, designed to express the contrary of <i>convert</i>, and to stigmatize a person as drawn off perverted from the true faith. It has been more particulary applied by members of the Church of England to those who have joined the Roman Catholic Church.</usage>

<h1>Convertend</h1>
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<hw>Con`ver*tend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>convertenus</ets> to be converted.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Any proposition which is subject to the process of conversion; -- so called in its relation to itself as converted, after which process it is termed the <i>conversae</i>. See <er>Converse</er>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Logic)</fld>.</def>

<h1>Converter</h1>
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<hw>Con*vert"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who converts; one who makes converts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Steel Manuf.)</fld> <def>A retort, used in the Bessemer process, in which molten cast iron is decarburized and converted into steel by a blast of air forced through the liquid metal.</def>

<h1>Convertibility</h1>
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<hw>Con*vert`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or quality of being convertible; capability of being exchanged; convertibleness.</def>

<blockquote>The mutual <b>convertibility</b> of land into money, and of money into land.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convertible</h1>
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<hw>Con*vert"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>convertibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>convertible</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being converted; susceptible of change; transmutable; transformable.</def>

<blockquote>Minerals are not <b>convertible</b> into another species, though of the same genus.
<i>Harvey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being exchanged or interchanged; reciprocal; interchangeable.</def>

<blockquote>So long as we are in the regions of nature, miraculous and improbable, miraculous and incredible, may be allowed to remain <b>convertible</b> terms.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convertibleness</h1>
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<hw>Con*vert"i*ble*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being convertible; convertibility.</def>

<h1>Convertibly</h1>
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<hw>Con*vert"i*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a convertible manner.</def>

<h1>Convertite</h1>
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<hw>Con"vert*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>convertito</ets>, p.p. of <ets>convertire</ets> to convert.]</ety> <def>A convert.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Convex</h1>
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<hw>Con"vex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>convexus</ets> vaulted, arched, convex, concave, fr. <ets>convehere</ets> to bring together: cf. F. <ets>convexe</ets>. See <er>Vehicle</er>.]</ety> <def>Rising or swelling into a spherical or rounded form; regularly protuberant or bulging; -- said of a spherical surface or curved line when viewed from without, in opposition to <i>concave</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Drops of water naturally form themselves into figures with a <b>convex</b> surface.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Double convex</col>, <cd>convex on both sides; convexo-convex.</cd></cs>

<h1>Convex</h1>
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<hw>Con"vex</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A convex body or surface.</def>

<blockquote>Half heaven's <b>convex</b> glitters with the flame.
<i>Tickell.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word was often pronounced <i>con-vex'</i> by early writers, as by Milton, and occasionallyby later poets.</note>

<h1>Convexed</h1>
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<hw>Con"vexed</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>  <def>Made convex; protuberant in a spherical form.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Convexedly</h1>
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<hw>Con*vex"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>dv.</tt> <def>In a convex form; convexly.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Convexedness</h1>
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<hw>Con*vex"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Convexity.</def>

<h1>Convexity</h1>
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<hw>Con*vex"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Convexities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>convexitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>convexit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being convex; the exterior surface of a convex body; roundness.</def>

<blockquote>A smooth, uniform <b>convexity</b> and rotundity of a globe.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convexly</h1>
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<hw>Con"vex*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a convex form; <as>as, a body <ex>convexly</ex> shaped</as>.</def>

<h1>Convexness</h1>
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<hw>Con"vex*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being convex; convexity.</def>

<h1>Convexo-concave</h1>
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<hw>Con*vex"o-con"cave</hw> <tt>(?&or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Convex on one side, and concave on the other. The curves of the convex and concave sides may be alike or may be different. See <er>Meniscus</er>.</def>

<h1>Convexo-convex</h1>
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<hw>Con*vex"o-con"vex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Convex on bot<?/ sides; double convex. See under <er>Convex</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Convexo-plane</h1>
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<hw>Con*vex"o-plane`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Convex on one side, and flat on the other; plano-convex.</def>

<h1>Convey</h1>
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<hw>Con*vey"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Conveyed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Conveying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>conveir</ets>, <ets>convoier</ets>, to escort, convoy, F. <ets>convoyer</ets>, LL. <ets>conviare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>via</ets> way. See <er>Viaduct</er>, <er>Voyage</er>, and cf. <er>Convoy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To carry from one place to another; to bear or transport.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>convey</b> them by sea in fleats.
<i>1 Kings v. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Convey</b> me to my bed, then to my grave.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to pass from one place or person to another; to serve as a medium in carrying (anything) from one place or person to another; to transmit; <as>as, air <ex>conveys</ex> sound; words <ex>convey</ex> ideas.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To transfer or deliver to another; to make over, as property; more strictly <fld>(Law)</fld>, to transfer (real estate) or pass (a title to real estate) by a sealed writing.</def>

<blockquote>The Earl of Desmond . . . secretly <b>conveyed</b> all his lands to feoffees in trust.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To impart or communicate; <as>as, to <ex>convey</ex> an impression; to <ex>convey</ex> information.</as></def>

<blockquote>Men fill one another's heads with noise and sound, but <b>convey</b> not thereby their thoughts.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To manage with privacy; to carry out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I . . . will <b>convey</b> the business as I shall find means.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To carry or take away secretly; to steal; to thieve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To accompany; to convoy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To carry; transport; bear; transmit; trnsfer.</syn>

<h1>Convey</h1>
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<hw>Con*vey"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To play the thief; to steal.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<blockquote>But as I am Crack, I will <b>convey</b>, crossbite, and cheat upon Simplicius.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conveyable</h1>
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<hw>Con*vey"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being conveyed or transferred.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Conveyance</h1>
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<hw>Con*vey"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of conveying, carrying, or transporting; carriage.</def>

<blockquote>The long joirney was to be performed on horseback, -- the only sure mode of <b>conveyamce</b>.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Following th river downward, there is <b>conveyance</b> into the countries named in the text.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The instrument or means of carrying or transporting anything from place to place; the vehicle in which, or means by which, anything is carried from one place to another; <as>as, stagecoaches, omnibuses, etc., are <ex>conveyances</ex>; a canal or aqueduct is a <ex>conveyance</ex> for water</as>.</def>

<blockquote>There pipes and these <b>conveyances</b> of our blood.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act or process of transferring, transmitting, handing down, or communicating; transmission.</def>

<blockquote>Tradition is no infallible way of <b>conveyance</b>.
<i>Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act by which the title to property, esp. real estate, is transferred; transfer of ownership; an instrument in writing (as a deed or mortgage), by which the title to property is conveyed from one person to another.</def>

<blockquote>[He] found the <b>conveyances</b> in law to be so firm, that in justice he must decree the land to the earl.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Dishonest management, or artifice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>the very jesuits themselves . . . can not possibly devise any juggling <b>conveyance</b> how to shift it off.
<i>Hakewill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Conveyancer</h1>
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<hw>Con*vey"an*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One whose business is to draw up conveyances of property, as deeds, mortgages, leases, etc.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Conveyancing</h1>
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<hw>Con*vey"an*cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The business of a conveyancer; the act or business of drawing deeds, leases, or other writings, for transferring the title to property from one person to another.</def>

<hr>
<page="319">
Page 319<p>

<h1>Conveyer</h1>
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<hw>Con*vey"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, conveys or carries, transmits or transfers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One given to artifices or secret practices; a juggler; a cheat; a thief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Conveyor</h1>
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<hw>Con*vey"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A contrivance for carrying objects from place to place; esp., one for conveying grain, coal, etc., -- as a spiral or screw turning in a pipe or trough, an endless belt with buckets, or a truck running along a rope.</def>

<h1>Conviciate</h1>
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<hw>Con*vi"ci*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conviciatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>conviciari</ets> to revile, fr. <ets>convicium</ets> loud reproach.]</ety> <def>To utter reproaches; to raise a clamor; to rail.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>conviciate</b> instead of accusing.
<i>Laud.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convicinity</h1>
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<hw>Con`vi*cin"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Convicinities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Immediate vicinity; neighborhood.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>convicinity</b> and contiguity of the two parishes.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convicious</h1>
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<hw>Con*vi"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expressing reproach; abusive; railing; taunting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Convicious</i> words."

<i>Queen Elizabeth (1559).</i>

<h1>Convict</h1>
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<hw>Con*vict"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p.a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>convictus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>convincere</ets> to convict, prove. See <er>Convice</er>.]</ety> <def>Proved or found guilty; convicted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote><b>Convict</b> by flight, and rebel to all law.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convict</h1>
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<hw>Con"vict</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person proved guilty of a crime alleged against him; one legally convicted or sentenced to punishment for some crime.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A criminal sentenced to penal servitude.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Malefactor; culprit; felon; criminal.</syn>

<h1>Convict</h1>
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<hw>Con*vict"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Convicted</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Convicting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To prove or find guilty of an offense or crime charged; to pronounce guilty, as by legal decision, or by one's conscience.</def>

<blockquote>He [Baxter] . . . had been <b>convicted</b> by a jury.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They which heard it, being <b>convicted</b> by their own conscience, went out one by one.
<i>John viii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prove or show to be false; to confute; to refute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne</i>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To demonstrate by proof or evidence; to prove.</def>

<blockquote>Imagining that these proofs will <b>convict</b> a testament, to have that in it which other men can nowhere by reading find.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To defeat; to doom to destruction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A whole armado of <b>convicted</b> sail.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To confute; defect; convince; confound.</syn>

<h1>Convict1ible</h1>
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<hw>Con*vict1i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being convicted.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Conviction</h1>
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<hw>Con*vic"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>convictio</ets> proof: cf. F. <ets>conviction</ets> conviction (in sense 3 & 4). See <er>Convict</er>, <er>Convince</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of convicting; the act of proving, finding, or adjudging, guilty of an offense.</def>

<blockquote>The greater certainty of <b>conviction</b> and the greater certainty of punishment.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A judgment of condemnation entered by a court having jurisdiction; the act or process of finding guilty, or the state of being found guilty of any crime by a legal tribunal.</def>

<blockquote><b>Conviction</b> may accrue two ways.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of convincing of error, or of compelling the admission of a truth; confutation.</def>

<blockquote>For all his tedious talk is but vain boast,
Or subtle shifts <b>conviction</b> to evade.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The state of being convinced or convicted; strong persuasion or belief; especially, the state of being convicted of sin, or by one's conscience.</def>

<blockquote>To call good evil, and evil good, against the <b>conviction</b> of their own consciences.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And did you presently fall under the power of this <b>conviction</b>?
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Conviction</er>; <er>persuasion</er>.</syn> <usage> -- <i>Conviction</i> respects soley matters of belief or faith; <i>persuasion</i> respects matters of belief or practice. <i>Conviction</i> respects our most important duties; <i>persuasion</i> is frequently applied to matters of indifference. <i>Crabb.</i> -- <i>Conviction</i> is the result of the [operation of the] understanding; <i>persuasion</i>, of the will. <i>Conviction</i> is a necessity of the mind, <i>persuasion</i> an acquiescence of the inclination.</usage> <i>C. J. Smith.</i> -- <i>Persuasion</i> often induces men to act in opposition to their <i>conviction</i> of duty.

<h1>Convictism</h1>
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<hw>Con"vict*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The policy or practice of transporting convicts to penal settlements.</def> "The evils of <i>convictism</i>."

<i>W. Howitt.</i>

<h1>Convictive</h1>
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<hw>Con*vict"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Convincing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The best and most <b>convictive</b> argument.
<i>Glanwill.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Con*vict"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Con*vict"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Convince</h1>
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<hw>Con*vince"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Convinced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Convincing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>L</ets>. <ets>convincere</ets>, <ets>-victum</ets>, to refute, prove; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>vincere</ets> to conquer. See <er>Victor</er>, and cf. <er>Convict</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To overpower; to overcome; to subdue or master.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His two chamberlains
Will I with wine and wassail so <b>convince</b>
That memory, the warder of the brain,
Shall be a fume.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To overcome by argument; to force to yield assent to truth; to satisfy by proof.</def>

<blockquote>Such convincing proofs and assurances of it as might enable them to <b>convince</b> others.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To confute; to prove the fallacy of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>God never wrought miracle to <b>convince</b> atheism, because his ordinary works <b>convince</b> it.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To prove guilty; to convinct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Which of you <b>convinceth</b> me of sin?
<i>John viii. 46.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Seek not to <b>convince me of a crime</b>
<b>Which I can ne'er repent</b>, <b>nor you can pardon</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To persuade; satisfy; convict.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Convince</er>, <er>persuade</er>. To <i>convince</i> is an act of the understanding; to <i>persuade</i>, of the will or feelings. The one is effected by argument, the other by motives. There are cases, however, in which <i>persuade</i> may seem to be used in reference only to the assent of the understanding; as when we say, I am <i>persuaded</i> it is so; I can not <i>persuade</i> myself of the fact. But in such instances there is usually or always a degree of awakened feeling which has had its share in producing the assent of the understanding.</usage>

<h1>Convincement</h1>
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<hw>Con*vince"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of convincing, or state of being convinced; conviction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The fear of a <b>convincement</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convincer</h1>
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<hw>Con*vin"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, convinces; one who wins over by proof.</def>

<h1>Convincible</h1>
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<hw>Con*vin"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being convinced or won over.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being confuted and disproved by argument; refutable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Convincingly</h1>
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<hw>Con*vin"cing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>in a convincing manner; in a manner to compel assent.</def>

<h1>Convincingness</h1>
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<hw>Con*vin"cing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The power of convincing, or the quality of being convincing.</def>

<h1>Convival</h1>
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<hw>Con*viv"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>convivalis</ets>. See <er>Convive</er>.]</ety> <def>pertaining to a feast or to festivity; convivial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>convival</i> dish."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Convive</h1>
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<hw>Con*vive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>convivari</ets>; akin to <ets>convivium</ets> a feast, <ets>convivere</ets> to live or feast together; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>vivere</ets> to live.]</ety> <def>To feast together; to be convivial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "There, in the full, <i>convive</i> we."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Convive</h1>
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<hw>Con"vive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>conviva</ets>: cf. F. <ets>convive</ets>.]</ety> <def>A quest at a banquet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Beaumont.</i>

<h1>Convivial</h1>
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<hw>Con*viv"i*al</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>convivium</ets> a feast; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>vivere</ets> to live. See <er>Victuals</er>, and cf. <er>Convive</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to a feast or entertainment, or to eating and drinking, with accompanying festivity; festive; social; gay; jovial.</def>

<blockquote>Which feasts <b>convivial</b> meetings we did name.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convivialist</h1>
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<hw>Con*viv"i*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person of convivial habits.</def>

<h1>Conviviality</h1>
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<hw>Con*viv`i*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Convivialities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. </plu>The good humor or mirth indulged in upon festive occasions; a convivial spirit or humor; festivity.</def>

<h1>Convivially</h1>
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<hw>Con*viv"i*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a convivial manner.</def>

<h1>Convocate</h1>
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<hw>Con"vo*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Convocated</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Convocating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>convocatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>convocare</ets> to convocate; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>vocare</ets> to call. See <er>Vocal</er>, and cf. <er>Convoce</er>.]</ety> <def>To convoke; to call together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>May (Lucan).</i>

<h1>Convocation</h1>
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<hw>Con`vo*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>convocatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>convocation</ets>. <ets>See</ets> <er>Convoke</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of calling or assembling by summons.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An assembly or meeting.</def>

<blockquote>In the first day there shall be a holy <b>convocation</b>.
<i>Ex. xii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Ch. of Eng.)</fld> <def>An assembly of the clergy, by their representatives, to consult on ecclesiastical affairs.</def>

<note>&hand; In England, the provinces of Canterbury and York have each their convocation, but no session for business were allowed from 1717 to 1861. The <i>Convocation of Canterbury</i> consists of two houses. In the <i>Convocation of York</i> the business has been generally conducted in one assembly.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Oxf. University)</fld> <def>An academical assembly, in which the business of the university is transacted.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- meeting; assembly; congregation; congress; diet; convention; synod; council.</syn>

<h1>Convocational</h1>
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<hw>Con`vo*ca"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a convocation.</def>

<h1>Convocationist</h1>
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<hw>Con`vo*ca"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An advocate or defender of convocation.</def>

<h1>Convoke</h1>
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<hw>Con*voke"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Convoked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Convoking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>convocare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>convoquer</ets>. See <er>Convocate</er>.]</ety> <def>To call together; to summon to meet; to assemble by summons.</def>

<blockquote>There remained no resource but the dreadful one of <b>convoking</b> a parliament.
<i>palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To summon; assemble; convene. See <er>Call</er>.</syn>

<h1>Convolute</h1>
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<hw>Con"vo*lute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>convolutus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>convolvere</ets>. See <er>Convolve</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Rolled or wound together, one part upon another; -- said of the leaves of plants in \'91stivation.</def>

<h1>Convoluted</h1>
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<hw>Con"vo*lu`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having convolutions.</def>

<blockquote>beaks recurved and <b>convoluted</b> like a ram's horn.
<i>Pennant.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Folded in tortuous windings.</def>

<blockquote>A highly <b>convoluted</b> brain.
<i>North Amer. Rev.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convolution</h1>
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<hw>Con`vo*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of rolling anything upon itself, or one thing upon another; a winding motion.</def>

<blockquote>O'er the calm sea, in <b>convolution</b> swift,
The feathered eddy floats.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being rolled upon itself, or rolled or doubled together; a tortuous or sinuous winding or fold, as of something rolled or folded upon itself.</def>

<i>Blackmore.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An irregular, tortuous folding of an organ or part; <as>as, the <ex>convolutions</ex> of the intestines; the cerebral <ex>convolutions</ex>. See <er>Brain</er>.</as></def>

<h1>Convolve</h1>
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<hw>Con*volve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Convolved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Convolving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>convolvere</ets>, <ets>-volutum</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>volvere</ets> to roll. See <er>Voluble</er>.]</ety> <def>To roll or wind together; to roll or twist one part on another.</def>

<blockquote>Then Satan first knew pain,
And writhed him to and fro <b>convolved</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convolvulaceous</h1>
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<hw>Con*vol`vu*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Convolvus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which the bindweed and the morning-glory are common examples.</def>

<h1>Convolvulin</h1>
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<hw>Con*vol"vu*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside occurring in jalap (the root of a convolvulaceous plant), and extracted as a colorless, tasteless, gummy mass of powerful purgative properties.</def>

<h1>Convolvulus</h1>
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<hw>Con*vol"vu*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L.<plw>Convolvuli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Convoluluses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., bindweed, fr. <ets>convolvere</ets> to roll around. So named from its twining stems.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large genus of plants having monopetalous flowers, including the common bindweed (<spn>C. arwensis</spn>), and formerly the morning-glory, but this is now transferred to the genus <spn>Ipom\'91a</spn>.</def>

<blockquote>The luster of the long <b>convolvuluses</b>
That coiled around the stately stems.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convoy</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Con*voy"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Convoyed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Convoying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>convoyer</ets>, OF. <ets>conveier</ets>, <ets>convoier</ets>. See <er>Convey</er>.]</ety> <def>To accompany for protection, either by sea or land; to attend for protection; to escort; <as>as, a frigate <ex>convoys</ex> a merchantman</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I know ye skillful to <b>convoy</b>
The total freight of hope and joy.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convoy</h1>
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<hw>Con"voy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>convoi</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of attending for defense; the state of being so attended; protection; escort.</def>

<blockquote>To obtain the <b>convoy</b> of a man-of-war.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vessel or fleet, or a train or trains of wagons, employed in the transportation of munitions of war, money, subsistence, clothing, etc., and having an armed escort.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A protection force accompanying ships, etc., on their way from place to place, by sea or land; an escort, for protection or guidance.</def>

<blockquote>When every morn my bosom glowed
To watch the <b>convoy</b> on the road.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Conveyance; means of transportation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A drag or brake applied to the wheels of a carriage, to check their velocity in going down a hill.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Convulse</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Con*vulse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Convulsed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Convulsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>convulsus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>convellere</ets> to tear up, to shake; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>vellere</ets> to pluck, pull.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To contract violently and irregulary, as the muscular parts of an animal body; to shake with irregular spasms, as in excessive laughter, or in agony from grief or pain.</def>

<blockquote>With emotions which checked his voice and <b>convulsed</b> his powerful frame.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To agitate greatly; to shake violently.</def>

<blockquote>The world is <b>convulsed by the agonies of great nations</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To agitate; disturb; shake; tear; rend.</syn>

<h1>Convulsion</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Con*vul"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>convulsio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>convulsion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An unnatural, violent, and unvoluntary contraction of the muscular parts of an animal body.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any violent and irregular motion or agitation; a violent shaking; a tumult; a commotion.</def>

<blockquote>Those two massy pillars,
With horrible <b>convulsion</b>, to and fro
He tugged, he shook, till down they came.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Times of violence and <b>convulsion</b>.
<i>Ames.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Agitation; commotion; tumult; disturbance.</syn>

<h1>Convulsional</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Con*vul"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or having, convulsions; convulsionary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Convulsionary</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Con*vul"sion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>convulsionnaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to convulsion; convulsive. "<i>Convulsionary</i> struggles."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Convulsionary</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Con*vul"sion*a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A convulsionist.</def>

<h1>Convulsionist</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Con*vul"sion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who has convulsions; esp., one of a body of fanatics in France, early in the eighteenth century, who went into convulsions under the influence of religious emotion; <as>as, the <ex>Convulsionists</ex> of St. M\'82dard.</as></def>

<h1>Convulsive</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Con*vul"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>convulsif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing, or attended with, convulsions or spasms; characterized by convulsions; convulsionary.</def>

<blockquote>An irregular, <b>convulsive</b> movement may be necessary to throw off an irregular, <b>convulsive</b> disease.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Convulsively</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Con*vul"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>in a convulsive manner.</def>

<h1>Cony</h1>
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<hw>Co"ny</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>coning</ets>, <ets>conig</ets>, <ets>coni</ets>, OF. <ets>connin</ets>, <ets>conin</ets>, <ets>connil</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cuniculus</ets> a rabbit, cony, prob. an Hispanic word.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>coney</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A rabbit, esp., the European rabbit (<spn>Lepus cuniculus</spn>)</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The chief hare.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>cony</i> of Scripture is thought to be <spn>Hyrax Syriacus</spn>, called also <altname>daman</altname>, and <altname>cherogril</altname>. See <er>Daman</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A simpleton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It is a most simple animal; whence are derived our usual phrases of <b>cony</b> and <b>cony catcher</b>.
<i>Diet's Dry Dinner (1599).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An important edible West Indian fish (<spn>Epinephelus apua</spn>); the hind of Bermuda.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A local name of the burbot.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Cony-catch</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Co"ny-catch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deceive; to cheat; to trick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Take heed, Signor Baptista, lest you be <b>cony-catched</b> in the this business.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cony-catcher</h1>
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<hw>Co"ny-catch`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cheat; a sharper; a deceiver.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Minsheu.</i>

<h1>Conylene</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Con"y*lene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Con</ets>ine + acetylene.]</ety> <def>An oily substance, <chform>C8H14</chform>, obtained from several derivatives of conine.</def>

<h1>Conyrine</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Con"y*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Conine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A blue, fluorescent, oily base (regarded as a derivative of pyridine), obtained from conine.</def>

<h1>Coo</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Coo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Cooed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Cooing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a low repeated cry or sound, like the characteristic note of pigeons or doves.</def>

<blockquote>The stockdove only through the forest <b>cooes</b>,
Mournfully hoarse.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To show affection; to act in a loving way. See under <er>Bill</er>, <i>v. i.</i></def> "Billing or <i>cooing</i>."

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Cooey, Cooee</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw><hw>Coo"ey</hw>, <hw>Coo"ee</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of imitative origin.]</ety> <def>A peculiar whistling sound made by the Australian aborigenes as a call or signal.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cooie</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cook</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cook</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Of imitative origin.]</ety> <def>To make the noise of the cuckoo.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Constant cuckoos <b>cook</b> on every side.
<i>The Silkworms (1599).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cook</h1>
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<hw>Cook</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. unknown.]</ety> <def>To throw.</def> <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark> "<i>Cook</i> me that ball."

<i>Grose.</i>

<h1>Cook</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cook</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>c\'d3c</ets>, fr. l. <ets>cocus</ets>, <ets>coquus</ets>, <ets>coquus</ets>, fr. <ets>coquere</ets> to cook; akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>pac</ets>, and to E. <ets>apricot</ets>, <ets>biscuit</ets>, <ets>concoct</ets>, <ets>dyspepsia</ets>, <ets>precocious</ets>. Cf. <er>Pumpkin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One whose occupation is to prepare food for the table; one who dresses or cooks meat or vegetables for eating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish, the European striped wrasse.</def>

<h1>Cook</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cook</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Cooked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr & vb.n.</tt> <er>Cooking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To prepare, as food, by boiling, roasting, baking, broiling, etc.; to make suitable for eating, by the agency of fire or heat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To concoct or prepare; hence, to tamper with or alter; to garble; -- often with <i>up</i>; <as>as, to <ex>cook</ex> up a story; to <ex>cook</ex> an account.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>They all of them receive the same advices from abroad, and very often in the same words; but their way of <b>cooking</b> it is so different.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cook</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cook</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To prepare food for the table.</def>

<h1>Cookbook</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cook"book`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A book of directions and receipts for cooking; a cookery book.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<blockquote>"Just How": a key to the <b>cookbooks</b>.
<i>Mrs. A. D. T. Whitney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cookee</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cook*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>A female cook.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cookery</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cook"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or process of preparing food for the table, by dressing, compounding, and the application of heat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A delicacy; a dainty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. North.</i>

<h1>Cookey, Cookie</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw><hw>Cook"ey</hw>, <hw>Cook"ie</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cooky</er>.</def>

<h1>Cookmaid</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cook"maid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female servant or maid who dresses provisions and assists the cook.</def>

<h1>Cookroom</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cook"room`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A room for cookery; a kitchen; the galley or caboose of a ship.</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Cookshop</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cook`shop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An eating house.</def> "A subterranean <i>cookshop</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Cooky</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cook"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cookies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>koek</ets> cake, dim. <ets>koekje</ets>; akin to G. <ets>kuchen</ets>, E. <ets>cake</ets>; or cf. OE. <ets>coket</ets>, prob., a sort of cake, and prob. of French origin.]</ety> <def>A small, flat, sweetened cake of various kinds.</def>

<h1>Cool</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cool</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Cooler</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Coolest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>c\'d3l</ets>; akin to D. <ets>koel</ets>, G. <ets>k\'81hl</ets>, OHG. chouli, Dan. <ets>k\'94lig</ets>, Sw. <ets>kylig</ets>, also to AS. <ets>calan</ets> to be cold, Icel. <ets>kala</ets>. See <er>Cold</er>, and cf. <er>Chill</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Moderately cold; between warm and cold; lacking in warmth; producing or promoting coolness.</def>

<blockquote>Fanned with <b>cool</b> winds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not ardent, warm, fond, or passionate; not hasty; deliberate; exercising self-control; self-possessed; dispassionate; indifferent; <as>as, a <ex>cool</ex> lover; a <ex>cool</ex> debater.</as></def>

<blockquote>For a patriot, too <b>cool</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not retaining heat; light; <as>as, a <ex>cool</ex> dress</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Manifesting coldness or dislike; chilling; apathetic; <as>as, a <ex>cool</ex> manner</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Quietly impudent; negligent of propriety in matters of minor importance, either ignorantly or willfully; presuming and selfish; audacious; <as>as, <ex>cool</ex> behavior</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Its <b>cool</b> stare of familiarity was intolerable.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Applied facetiously, in a vague sense, to a sum of money, commonly as if to give emphasis to the largeness of the amount.</def>

<blockquote>He had lost a <b>cool</b> hundred.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Leaving a <b>cool</b> thousand to Mr.Matthew Pocket.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Calm; dispassionate; self-possessed; composed; repulsive; frigid; alienated; impudent.</syn>

<h1>Cool</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cool</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A moderate state of cold; coolness; -- said of the temperature of the air between hot and cold; <as>as, the <ex>cool</ex> of the day; the <ex>cool</ex> of the morning or evening.</as></def>

<h1>Cool</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cool</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Cooled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Cooling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make cool or cold; to reduce the temperature of; <as>as, ice <ex>cools</ex> water</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water, and <b>cool</b> my tongue.
<i>Luke xvi. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To moderate the heat or excitement of; to allay, as passion of any kind; to calm; to moderate.</def>

<blockquote>We have reason to <b>cool</b> our raging motions, our carnal stings, our unbitted lusts.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To cool the heels</col>, <cd>to dance attendance; to wait, as for admission to a patron's house. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Cool</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cool</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become less hot; to lose heat.</def>

<blockquote>I saw a smith stand with his hammer, thus,
the whilst his iron did on the anvil <b>cool</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lose the heat of excitement or passion; to become more moderate.</def>

<blockquote>I will not give myself liberty to think, lest I should <b>cool</b>.
<i>Congreve.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cooler</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cool"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which cools, or abates heat or excitement.</def>

<blockquote>if acid things were used only as <b>coolers</b>, they would not be so proper in this case.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything in or by which liquids or other things are cooled, as an ice chest, a vessel for ice water, etc.</def>

<h1>Cool-headed</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cool"-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a temper not easily excited; free from passion.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Cool"-head`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Coolie</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Coo"lie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Cooly</er>.</def>

<h1>Cooling</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cool"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p.a.</tt> <def>Adapted to cool and refresh; allaying heat.</def> "The <i>cooling</i> brook."

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<cs><col>Cooling card</col>, <cd>something that dashes hopes.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Cooling time</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>such a lapse of time as ought, taking all the circumstances of the case in view, to produce a subsiding of passion previously provoked.</cd></cs>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Coolish</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cool"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat cool.</def>

<blockquote>The nights began to grow a little <b>coolish</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coolly</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cool"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Coolish; cool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Coolly</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cool"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a cool manner; without heat or excessive cold; without passion or ardor; calmly; deliberately; with indifference; impudently.</def>

<h1>Coolness</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cool"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being cool; a moderate degree of cold; a moderate degree, or a want, of passion; want of ardor, zeal, or affection; calmness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Calm impudence; self-possession.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Coolung</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Coo"lung</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The great gray crane of India (<spn>Grus cinerea</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>coolen</asp> and <asp>cullum</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cooly, Coolie</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw><hw>Coo"ly</hw>, <hw>Coo"lie</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Coolies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Hind. <ets>k<?/l\'c6</ets> a laborer, porter: cf. Turk. <ets>k<?/l</ets>, <ets>ky<?/leh</ets>, slave.]</ety> <def>An East Indian porter or carrier; a laborer transported from the East Indies, China, or Japan, for service in some other country.</def>

<h1>Coom</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Coom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>kahm</ets> mold gathered on liquids, D. <ets>kam</ets>, Sw. <ets>kimr\'94k</ets> pine soot, smoke black, Icel. <ets>k\'bem</ets> grime, film of dirt.]</ety> <def>Soot; coal dust; refuse matter, as the dirty grease which comes from axle boxes, or the refuse at the mouth of an oven.</def>

<i>Phillips. Bailey.</i>

<h1>Coomb</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Coomb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cumb</ets> a liquid measure, perh. from LL. <ets>cumba</ets> boat, tomb of stone, fr. Gr. <?/ hollow of a vessel, cup, boat, but cf. G. <ets>kumpf</ets> bowl.]</ety> <def>A dry measure of four bushels, or half a quarter.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>comb</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Coomb, Coombe</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw><hw>Coomb</hw>, <hw>Coombe</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Comb</er>, <er>Combe</er>, in this sense.]</ety> <def>A hollow in a hillside. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> See <er>Comb</er>, <er>Combe</er>.</def>

<h1>Coon</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Coon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A raccoon. See <er>Raccoon</er>.</def>

<h1>Coontie</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Coon"tie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A cycadaceous plant of Florida and the West Indies, the <spn>Zamia integrifolia</spn>, from the stems of which a kind of sago is prepared.</def>

<h1>Coop</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Coop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>cypa</ets> a measure, D. <ets>kuip</ets> tub, Icel. <ets>kupa</ets> bowl, G. <ets>kufe</ets> coop tub; all fr. L. <ets>cupa</ets> vat, tub, LL. <ets>cupa</ets>, <ets>copa</ets>, cup. See <er>Cup</er>, and cf. <er>Keeve</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A barrel or cask for liquor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inclosure for keeping small animals; a pen; especially, a grated box for confining poultry.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A cart made close with boarde; a tumbrel.</def> <mark>[Scotch]</mark>

<h1>Coop</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Coop</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Cooped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Cooping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To confine in a coop; hence, to shut up or confine in a narrow compass; to cramp; -- usually followed by <i>up</i>, sometimes by <i>in</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The Trojans <b>coopet</b> within their walls so long.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The contempt of all other knowledge . . . <b>coops</b> the understanding up within narrow bounds.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To work upon in the manner of a cooper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Shaken tubs . . . be new <i>cooped</i>."

<i>Holland.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To crowd; confine; imprison.</syn>

<h1>Coopee</h1>
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<hw>Coo*pee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Coupe</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Cooper</h1>
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<hw>Coop"er</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Coop</er>.]</ety> <def>One who makes barrels, hogsheads, casks, etc.</def>

<h1>Cooper</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Coop"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Coopered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Coopering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To do the work of a cooper upon; <as>as, to <ex>cooper</ex> a cask or barrel</as>.</def>

<h1>Cooperage</h1>
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<hw>Coop"er*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Work done by a cooper.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The price paid for coopers; work.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A place where coopers' work is done.</def>

<h1>Co\'94perant</h1>
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<hw>Co*\'94p"er*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>coop\'82rant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Operating together; <as>as, <ex>co\'94perant</ex> forces</as>.</def>

<h1>Co\'94perate</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Co*\'94p"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Co\'94perated</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Co\'94perating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>co\'94peratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>co\'94perari</ets> to co\'94perate; <ets>co + operari</ets> to work, <ets>opus</ets> work. See <er>Operate</er>.]</ety> <def>To act or operate jointly with another or others; to concur in action, effort, or effect.</def>

<blockquote>Whate'er <b>co\'94perates</b> to the common mirth.
<i>Crashaw.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Co\'94peration</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Co*\'94p`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>co\'94peratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>coop\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of co\'94perating, or of operating together to one end; joint operation; concurrent effort or labor.</def>

<blockquote>Not holpen by the <b>co\'94peration</b> of angels.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Polit. Econ.)</fld> <def>The association of a number of persons for their benefit.</def>

<h1>Co\'94perative</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Co*\'94p"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Operating jointly to the same end.</def>

<cs><col>Co\'94perative society</col>, <cd>a society established on the principle of a joint-stock association, for the production of commodities, or their purchase and distribution for consumption, or for the borrowing and lending of capital among its members.</cd> -- <col>Co\'94perative store</col>, <cd>a store established by a co\'94perative society, where the members make their purchases and share in the profits or losses.</cd></cs>

<h1>Co\'94perator</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Co*\'94p"er*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>coop\'82rateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who labors jointly with others to promote the same end.</def> "<i>Co\'94perators</i> with the truth."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Cooper</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Coop"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Work done by a cooper in making or repairing barrels, casks, etc.; the business of a cooper.</def>

<h1>Coopery</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Coop"er*y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to a cooper; coopered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Coopery</b> vessels made of wood.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coopery</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Coop"er*y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The occupation of a cooper.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Co\'94pt</h1>
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<hw>Co*\'94pt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Co\'94ptate</er>. Cf. F. <ets>coopter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To choose or elect in concert with another.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Each of the hundred was to <b>co\'94pt</b> three others.
<i>Jowett (Thysyd. ).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Co\'94ptate</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Co*\'94p"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>co\'94ptatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>co\'94tare</ets> to elect to something; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>optare</ets> to choose.]</ety> <def>To choose; to elect; to co\'94pt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Co\'94ptation</h1>
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<hw>Co`\'94p*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>co\'94ptatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of choosing; selection; choice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The first election and <b>co\'94ptation</b> of a friend.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Co\'94rdain</h1>
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<hw>Co`\'94r*dain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To ordain or appoint for some purpose along with another.</def>

<h1>Co\'94rdinance</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Co*\'94r"di*nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Joint ordinance.</def>

<h1>Co\'94rdinate</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Co*\'94r"di*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>co-</ets> + L. <ets>ordinatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>ordinare</ets> to regulate. See <er>Ordain</er>.]</ety> <def>Equal in rank or order; not subordinate.</def>

<blockquote>Whether there was one Supreme Governor of the world, or many <b>co\'94rdinate</b> powers presiding over each country.
<i>Law.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Conjunctions joint sentences and <b>co\'94rdinate</b> terms.
<i>Rev. R. Morris.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Co\'94rdinate adjectives</col>, <cd>adjectives disconnected as regards ane another, but referring equally to the same subject.</cd> -- <col>Co\'94rdinate conjunctions</col>, <cd>conjunctions joining independent propositions.</cd></cs>

<i>Rev. R. Morris.</i>

<h1>Co\'94rdinate </</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Co*\'94r"di*nate <?/</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Co\'94rdinated</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Co\'94rdinating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make co\'94rdinate; to put in the same order or rank; <as>as, to <ex>co\'94rdinate</ex> ideas in classification</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give a common action, movement, or condition to; to regulate and combine so as to produce harmonious action; to adjust; to harmonize; <as>as, to <ex>co\'94rdinate</ex> muscular movements</as>.</def>

<h1>Co\'94rdinate</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Co*\'94r"di*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thing of the same rank with another thing; one two or more persons or things of equal rank, authority, or importance.</def>

<blockquote>It has neither <b>co\'94rdinate</b> nor analogon; it is absolutely one.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Lines, or other elements of reference, by means of which the position of any point, as of a curve, is defined with respect to certain fixed lines, or planes, called <i>co\'94rdinate axes</i> and <i>co\'94rdinate planes</i>. See <er>Abscissa</er>.</def>
<-- this note refers to an accompanying diagram -->
<note>&hand; <i>Co\'94rdinates</i> are of several kinds, consisting in some of the different cases, of the following elements, namely: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Geom. of Two Dimensions)</fld> The abscissa and ordinate of any point, taken together; as the abscissa PY and ordinate PX of the point P (Fig. 2, referred to the co\'94rdinate axes AY and AX. <sd>(b)</sd> Any radius vector PA (Fig. 1), together with its angle of inclination to a fixed line, APX, by which any point A in the same plane is referred to that fixed line, and a fixed point in it, called the <i>pole</i>, P. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Geom. of Three Dimensions)</fld> Any three lines, or distances, PB, PC, PD (Fig. 3), taken parallel to three co\'94rdinate axes, AX, AY, AZ, and measured from the corresponding co\'94rdinate fixed planes, YAZ, XAZ, XAY, to any point in space, P, whose position is thereby determined with respect to these planes and axes. <sd>(d)</sd> A radius vector, the angle which it makes with a fixed plane, and the angle which its projection on the plane makes with a fixed line line in the plane, by which means any point in space at the free extremity of the radius vector is referred to that fixed plane and fixed line, and a fixed point in that line, the pole of the radius vector.</note>

<cs><col>Cartesian co\'94rdinates</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cartesian</er>.</cd> -- <col>Geographical co\'94rdinates</col>, <cd>the latitude and longitude of a place, by which its relative situation on the globe is known. The height of the above the sea level constitutes a third co\'94rdinate.</cd> -- <col>Polar co\'94rdinates</col>, <cd>co\'94rdinates made up of a radius vector and its angle of inclination to another line, or a line and plane; as those defined in <sd>(b)</sd> and <sd>(d)</sd> above.</cd> -- <col>Rectangular co\'94rdinates</col>, <cd>co\'94rdinates the axes of which intersect at right angles.</cd> -- <col>Rectilinear co\'94rdinates</col>, <cd>co\'94rdinates made up of right lines. Those defined in <sd>(a)</sd> and <sd>(c)</sd> above are called also <stype>Cartesian co\'94rdinates</stype>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Trigonometrical</col> &or; <col>Spherical co\'94rdinates</col></mcol>, <cd>elements of reference, by means of which the position of a point on the surface of a sphere may be determined with respect to two great circles of the sphere.</cd> -- <col>Trilinear co\'94rdinates</col>, <cd>co\'94rdinates of a point in a plane, consisting of the three ratios which the three distances of the point from three fixed lines have one to another.</cd></cs>

<h1>Co\'94rdinately</h1>
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<hw>Co*\'94r"di*nate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a co\'94rdinate manner.</def>

<h1>Co\'94rdinateness</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Co*\'94r"di*nate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being co\'94rdinate; equality of rank or authority.</def>

<h1>Co\'94rdination</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Co*\'94r`di*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of co\'94rdinating; the act of putting in the same order, class, rank, dignity, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>co\'94rdination</ex> of the executive, the legislative, and the judicial authority in forming a government</as>; the act of regulating and combining so as to produce harmonious results; harmonious adjustment; <as>as, a <ex>co\'94rdination</ex> of functions</as>.</def> "<i>Co\'94rdination</i> of muscular movement by the cerebellum."

<i>Carpenter.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being co\'94rdinate, or of equal rank, dignity, power, etc.</def>

<blockquote>In this high court of parliament, there is a rare <b>co\'94rdination</b> of power.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Co\'94rdinative</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Co*\'94r"di*na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Expressing co\'94rdination.</def>

<i>J. W. Gibbs.</i>

<h1>Coot</h1>
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<hw>Coot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>koet</ets>, W. <ets>cwtair</ets>; <ets>cwta</ets> short, bodtailed + <ets>iar</ets> hen; cf. <ets>cwtau</ets> ro dock. Cf. <er>Cut</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A wading bird with lobate toes, of the genus <spn>Fulica</spn>.</def> The common European or bald coot is <spn>F. atra</spn> (see under <er>bald</er>); the American is <spn>F. Americana</spn>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The surf duck or scoter. In the United States all the species of (<spn>Edemia</spn> are called coots. See <er>Scoter</er>.</def> "As simple as a <i>coot</i>."

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stupid fellow; a simpleton; <as>as, a silly <ex>coot</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Cooter</h1>
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<hw>Coot"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A fresh-water tortoise (<spn>Pseudemus concinna</spn>) of Florida.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The box tortoise.</def>

<h1>Cootfoot</h1>
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<hw>Coot`foot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pharalope; -- so called because its toes are like the coot's.</def>

<h1>Cootthay</h1>
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<hw>Coot*thay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>A striped satin made in India.</def>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<h1>Cop</h1>
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<hw>Cop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cop</ets>; <ets>cf</ets>. <ets>G</ets>. <ets>kopf</ets> head. Cf. <er>Cup</er>, <er>Cob</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The top of a thing; the head; a crest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Cop</b> they used to call
The tops of many hills.
<i>Dra<?/ton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A conical or conical-ended mass of coiled thread, yarn, or roving, wound upon a spindle, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A tube or quill upon which silk is wound.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil. Arch.)</fld> <def>same as <er>Merlon</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A policeman.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<cs><col>Cop waste</col>, <cd>a kind of cotton waste, composed chiefly<?/ remnants of cops from which the greater part of the yarn has been unwound.</cd></cs>

<h1>Copaiba; 277, Copaiva</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw><hw>Co*pai"ba</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <hw>Co*pai"va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. & Pg., fr. Brazil. <ets>cupa\'a3ba</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A more or less viscid, vellowish liquid, the bitter oleoresin of several species of <spn>Copaifera</spn>, a genus of trees growing in South America and the West Indies. It is stimulant and diuretic, and is much used in affections of the mucous membranes; -- called also <altname>balsam of copaiba</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>capivi</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Copal</h1>
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<hw>Co"pal</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <ety>[Sp., fr. Mexican <ets>copalli</ets>, <?/ generic name of resins. <ets>Clavigero</ets>.]</ety> <def>A resinous substance flowing spontaneously from trees of Zanzibar, Madagascar, and South America (<spn>Trachylobium Hornemannianum</spn>, <spn>T. verrocosum</spn>, and <spn>Hymen\'91a Courbaril</spn>), and dug from earth where forests have stood in Africa; -- used chiefly in making varnishes.</def>

<i>Ur<?/.</i>

<h1>Coparcenary</h1>
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<hw>Co*par"ce*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Coparcenaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Pref. <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>parcenary</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Partnership in inheritance; joint heirship; joint right of sucession to an inheritance.</def>

<h1>Coparcener</h1>
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<hw>Co*par"ce*ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>parcener</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who has an equal portion with others of an inheritance.</def>

<blockquote>All the <b>coparceners</b> together make but one heir, and have but one estate among them.
<i>blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coparceny</h1>
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<hw>Co*par"ce*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. of <er>Coparcenary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An equal share of an inheritance.</def>

<h1>Copart</h1>
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<hw>Co*part</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Compart</er>]</ety> <def>To share.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For, of all miserias, I hold that chief
Wretched to be, when none <b>coparts</b> our grief.
<i>Webster (1661).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Copartment</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Co*part"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A compartment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Copartner</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Co*part"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is jointly concerned with one or more persons in business, etc.; a partner; an associate; a partaker; a sharer.</def>

<blockquote>the associates and <b>copartners</b> of our loss.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Copartnership</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Co*part"ner*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being a copartner or of having a joint interest in any matter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A partnership or firm; <as>as, A</as>. and B. have this day formed a <i>copartnership</i>.</def>

<h1>Copartnery</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Co*part"ner*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Copartneries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>the state of being copartners in any undertaking.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Copatain</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cop"a*tain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Formed fr. <ets>cop</ets>, in imitation of <ets>captain</ets>. See <er>Cop</er>, <er>Captain</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a high crown, or a point or peak at top.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>copatain</b> hat made on a Flemish block.
<i>Gascoigne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Copatriot</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Co*pa"tri*ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A joint patriot.</def>

<h1>Cope</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A doublet of <ets>cape</ets>. See <er>Cape</er>, <er>Cap</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A covering for the head.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything regarded as extended over the head, as the arch or concave of the sky, the roof of a house, the arch over a door.</def> "The starry <i>cope</i> of heaven."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An ecclesiastical vestment or cloak, semicircular in form, reaching from the shoulders nearly to the feet, and open in front except at the top, whereit is united by a band or clasp. It is worn in processions and on some other occasions.</def>

<i>Piers plowman.</i>

<blockquote>A hundred and sixty priests all in their <b>copes</b>.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An ancient tribute due to the lord of the soil, out of the lead mines in derbyshire, England.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>The top part of a flask or mold; the outer part of a loam mold.</def>

<i>Knight. De Colange.</i>

<h1>Cope</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cope</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form a cope or arch; to bend or arch; to bow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some bending down and <b>coping</b> to ward the earth.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cope</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cope</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>To pare the beak or talons of (a hawk).</def>

<i>J. H. Walsh.</i>

<h1>Cope</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cope</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Coped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Coping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>copen</ets>, <ets>coupen</ets>, to buy, bargain, prob. from D. <ets>koopen</ets> to buy, orig., to bargain. See <er>Chear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To exchange or barter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To encounter; to meet; to have to do with.</def>

<blockquote>Horatio, thou art e'en as just a man
As e'er my conversation <b>coped</b> withal.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To enter into or maintain a hostile contest; to struggle; to combat; especially, to strive or contend on equal terms or with success; to match; to equal; -- usually followed by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Host <b>coped</b> with host, dire was the din of war.
<i>Philips.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their generals have not been able to <b>cope</b> with the troops of Athens.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cope</h1>
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<hw>Cope</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bargain for; to buy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make return for; to requite; to repay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>three thousand ducats due unto the Jew,
We freely <b>cope</b> your courteous pains withal.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To match one's self against; to meet; to encounter.</def>

<blockquote>I love to <b>cope</b> him in these sullen fits.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They say he yesterday <b>coped</b> Hector in the battle, and struck him down.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cope-chisel</h1>
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<hw>Cope"-chis`el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A narrow chisel adapted for cutting a groove.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Copeck</h1>
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<hw>Co"peck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>kopeika</ets>]</ety> <def>A Russian copper coin. See <er>Kopeck</er>.</def>

<h1>Coped</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Coped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Clad in a cope.</def>

<h1>Copelata</h1>
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<hw>Cop`e*la"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a rower.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Larvalla</er>.</def>

<h1>Copeman</h1>
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<hw>Cope"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>koopman</ets>, fr. <ets>koopen</ets> to buy. See <er>Cope</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <er>Chapman</er>.]</ety> <def>A chapman; a dealer; a merchant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He would have sold his part of paradise
For ready money, had he met a <b>copeman</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Copepod</h1>
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<hw>Cop"e*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Copepoda.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>One of the Copepoda.</def></def2>

<h1>Copepoda</h1>
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<hw>Co*pep"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl</plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ an oar + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Entomastraca, including many minute Crustacea, both freshwater and marine.</def>

<note>&hand; They have a distinct carapace. The eggs are carried in a pair of external pouches. Some are parasites of fishes.</note>

<h1>Copernican</h1>
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<hw>Co*per"ni*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Copernicus, a Prussian by birth (<it>b.</it> 1473, <it>d.</it> 1543), who taught the world the solar system now received, called the <i>Copernican</i> system.</def>

<h1>Copesmate</h1>
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<hw>Copes"mate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An associate or companion; a friend; a partner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Misshapen time, <b>copesmate</b> of ugly Night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Copestone</h1>
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<hw>Cope"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A stone for coping. See <er>Coping</er>.</def>

<h1>Copier</h1>
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<hw>Cop"i*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From. <er>Copy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who copies; one who writes or transcribes from an original; a transcriber.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An imitator; one who imitates an example; hence, a plagiarist.</def>

<h1>Coping</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cop"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cope</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The highest or covering course of masonry in a wall, often with sloping edges to carry off water; -- sometimes called <i>capping</i>.</def>

<i>Gwill.</i>

<h1>Copious</h1>
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<hw>Co"pi*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>copiosus</ets>, fr. <ets>copia</ets> abundance: cf. F. <ets>copieux</ets>. See <er>Copy</er>, <er>Opulent</er>.]</ety> <def>Large in quantity or amount; plentiful; abundant; fruitful.</def>

<blockquote>Kindly pours its <b>copious</b> treasures forth.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hail, Son of God, Savior of men! thy name
Shall be the <b>copious</b> matter of my song.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Ample; abundant; plentiful; plenteous; rich; full; exuberant; overflowing; full. See <er>Ample</er>.</syn>

<h1>Copiously</h1>
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<hw>Co"pi*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a copious manner.</def>

<h1>Copiousness</h1>
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<hw>Co"pi*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being copious; abudance; plenty; also, diffuseness in style.</def>

<blockquote>To imitatethe <b>copiousness</b> of Homer.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Abudance; plenty; richness; exuberance.</syn>

<h1>Copist</h1>
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<hw>Cop"ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>copiste</ets>. See <er>Copy</er>.]</ety> <def>A copier.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>copist</i> after nature."

<i>Shaftesbury.</i>

<h1>Coplaner</h1>
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<hw>Co*plan"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>plane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Situated in one plane.</def>

<h1>Copland</h1>
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<hw>Cop"land`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cop</ets> + <ets>land</ets>.]</ety> <def>A piece of ground terminating in a point or acute angle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Coportion</h1>
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<hw>Co*por"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>Equal share.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Myself will bear . . . <b>coportion</b> of your pack.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Copped</h1>
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<hw>Copped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cop</er>.]</ety> <def>Rising to a point or head; conical; pointed; crested.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Coppel</h1>
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<hw>Cop"pel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Cupel</er>.</def>

<h1>Copper</h1>
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<hw>Cop"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>coper</ets> (cf. D. <ets>koper</ets>, Sw. <ets>koppar</ets>, Dan. <ets>kobber</ets>, G. <ets>kupfer</ets>), LL. <ets>cuper</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cuprum</ets> for earlier <ets>Cyprium</ets>, <ets>Cyprium aes</ets>, i.e., Cyprian brass, fr. Gr. <?/ of Cyprus (Gr. <?/), anciently renowned for its copper mines. Cf. <er>Cypreous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A common metal of a reddish color, both ductile and malleable, and very tenacious. It is one of the best conductors of heat and electricity. Symbol Cu. Atomic weight 63.3. It is one of the most useful metals in itself, and also in its alloys, brass and bronze.</def>

<note>&hand; Copper is the only metal which occurs native abundantly in large masses; it is found also in various ores, of which the most important are chalcopyrite, chalcocite, cuprite, and malachite. Copper mixed with tin forms bell metal; with a smaller proportion, bronze; and with zinc, it forms brass, pinchbeck, and other alloys.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A coin made of copper; a penny, cent, or other minor coin of copper.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>My friends filled my pockets with <b>coppers</b>.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A vessel, especially a large boiler, made of copper.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> Specifically <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <def>the boilers in the galley for cooking; <as>as, a ship's <ex>coppers</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Copper</i> is often used adjectively, commonly in the sense of <i>made</i> or <i>consisting of copper</i>, or <i>resembling copper</i>; as, a <i>copper</i> boiler, tube, etc.</note>

<blockquote>All in a hot and <b>copper</b> sky.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<note>It is sometimes written in combination; as, <i>copper</i>plate, <i>copper</i>smith, <i>copper</i>-colored.</note>

<cs><col>Copper finch</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Chaffinch</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Copper glance</col>, &or; <col>Vitreous copper</col></mcol>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Chalcocite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indigo copper</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Covelline</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Copper</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cop"per</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Coppered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Coppering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover or coat with copper; to sheathe with sheets of copper; <as>as, to <ex>copper</ex> a ship</as>.</def>

<h1>Copperas</h1>
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<hw>Cop"per*as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>coperose</ets>, F. <ets>couperose</ets>, fr. (assumed?) L. <ets>cuprirosa</ets>, equiv. to G. <grk>cha`lkanqos</grk>, i. e. copper flower, vitriol.  See <er>Copper</er> and <er>Rose.</er>]</ety> <def>Green vitriol, or sulphate of iron; a green crystalline substance, of an astringent taste, used in making ink, in dyeing black, as a tonic in medicine, etc. It is made on a large scale by the oxidation of iron pyrites. Called also <altname>ferrous sulphate</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The term <i>copperas</i> was formerly synonymous with <i>vitriol</i>, and included the green, blue, and white vitriols, or the sulphates of iron, copper, and zinc.</note>

<h1>Copper-bottomed</h1>
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<hw>Cop"per-bot`tomed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a bottom made of copper, as a tin boiler or other vessel, or sheathed with copper, as a ship.</def>

<h1>Copper-faced</h1>
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<hw>Cop"per-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Faced or covered with copper; <as>as, <ex>copper-faced</ex> type</as>.</def>

<h1>Copper-fastened</h1>
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<hw>Cop"per-fas`tened</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Fastened with copper bolts, as the planks of ships, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>copper-fastened</ex> ship</as>.</def>

<h1>Copperhead</h1>
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<hw>Cop"per*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From its color.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A poisonous American serpent (<spn>Ancistrodon conotortrix</spn>), closely allied to the rattlesnake, but without rattles; -- called also <altname>copper-belly</altname>, and <altname>red viper</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A nickname applied to a person in the Northern States who sympathized with the South during the Civil War.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Coppering</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cop"per*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of covering with copper.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An envelope or covering of copper.</def>

<h1>Copperish</h1>
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<hw>Cop"per*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing, or partaking of the nature of, copper; like copper; <as>as, a <ex>copperish</ex> taste</as>.</def>

<h1>Copper-nickel</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cop"per-nick`el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Nicolite.</def>

<h1>Copper-nose</h1>
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<hw>Cop"per-nose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A red nose.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Copperplate</h1>
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<hw>Cop"per*plate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plate of polished copper on which a design or writing is engraved.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An impression on paper taken from such a plate.</def>

<note>&hand; In printing from a copper- or steel plate the lines are filled with ink, the surface of the plate is wiped clean, the paper laid upon it, and the impression taken by pressing it under the roller of a plate press.</note>

<cs><col>Copperplate press</col>. <cd>See <cref>Plate press</cref>, under <er>Plate</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coppersmith</h1>
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<hw>Cop"per*smith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose occupation is to manufacture copper utensils; a worker in copper.</def>

<h1>Copper works</h1>
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<hw>Cop"per works</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A place where copper is wrought or manufactured.</def>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Copperworm</h1>
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<hw>Cop"per*worm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The teredo; -- so called because it injures the bottoms of vessels, where not protected by copper.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The ringworm.</def>

<h1>Coppery</h1>
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<hw>Cop"per*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mixed with copper; containing copper, or made of copper; like copper.</def>

<h1>Coppice</h1>
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<hw>Cop"pice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>copeiz</ets>, fr. <ets>coper</ets>, <ets>couper</ets>, to cut, F. <ets>couper</ets>, fr. <ets>cop</ets>, <ets>coup</ets>, <ets>colp</ets>, a blow, F. <ets>coup</ets>, L. <ets>colaphus</ets>, fr. G. <?/. Cf. <er>Copse</er>, and cf. <er>Coup<?/</er>, <er>Coupee</er>.]</ety> <def>A grove of small growth; a thicket of brushwood; a wood cut at certain times for fuel or other purposes. See <er>Copse</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The rate of <b>coppice</b> lands will fall, upon the discovery of coal mines.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coppin</h1>
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<hw>Cop"pin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[See <er>Cop</er>.]</ety> <def>A cop of thread.</def>

<h1>Copple</h1>
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<hw>Cop"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A dim. of <er>Cop</er>.]</ety> <def>Something rising in a conical shape; specifically, a hill rising to a point.</def>

<blockquote>A low cape, and upon it a <b>copple</b> not very high.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Copple-crown</h1>
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<hw>Cop"ple-crown</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A created or high-topped crown or head.</def> "Like the <i>copple-crown</i> the lapwing has."

<i>T. Randolph.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Cop"ple-crowned`</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Coppled</h1>
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<hw>Cop"pled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Copple</er>.]</ety> <def>Rising to a point; conical; copped.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Copple dust</h1>
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<hw>Cop"ple dust`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Cupel dust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Powder of steel, or <b>copple dust</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Copplestone</h1>
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<hw>Cop"ple*stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cobblestone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Copps</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Copps</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Copse</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Copra</h1>
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<hw>Co"pra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay\'a0lam <ets>koppara</ets> or Hind. <ets>khopr\'be</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The dried meat of the cocoanut, from which cocoanut oil is expressed.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cobra</asp>, <asp>copperah</asp>, <asp>coppra</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Coprolite</h1>
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<hw>Cop"ro*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>ko`pros</grk> dung + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A piece of petrified dung; a fossil excrement.</def>

<h1>Coprolitic</h1>
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<hw>Cop`ro*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing, pertaining to, or of the nature of, coprolites.</def>

<h1>Coprophagan</h1>
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<hw>Co*proph"a*gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Coprophagous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of beetle which feeds upon dung.</def>

<h1>Coprophagous</h1>
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<hw>Co*proph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ exrement + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Feeding upon dung, as certain insects.</def>

<h1>Cop-rose</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cop-rose`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>coprose</ets>, of uncertain origin; cf. D. <ets>klaproos</ets>, <ets>klapperroos</ets>.]</ety> <def>The red, or corn, poppy.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cup-rose</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cops</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cops</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cops</ets>, <ets>cosp</ets>, fetter.]</ety> <def>The connecting crook of a harrow.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Copse</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Copse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. from <ets>coppice</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wood of small growth; a thicket of brushwood. See <er>Coppice</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Near yonder <b>copse</b> where once the garden smiled.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Copse</h1>
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<hw>Copse</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To trim or cut; -- said of small trees, brushwood, tufts of grass, etc.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To plant and preserve, as a copse.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Copsewood</h1>
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<hw>Copse"wood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Brushwood; coppice.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Copsy</h1>
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<hw>Cops"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by copses.</def>  "<i>Copsy</i> villages."  "<i>Copsy</i> banks."

<i>J. Dyer.</i>

<h1>Coptic</h1>
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<hw>Cop"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. from L. <ets>Aegyptius</ets> an Egyprian, Gr. <?/, Ar. <ets>kibt\'c6</ets>, pl. <ets>kibt</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Copts.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>The language of the Copts.</def></def2>

<h1>Copts</h1>
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<hw>Copts</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Copt</singw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</sing> <ety>[See <er>Coptic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Etnol.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An Egyptian race thought to be descendants of the ancient Egyptians.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The principal sect of Christians in Egypt and the valley of the Nile.</def>

<note>&hand; they belong to the Jacobite sect of Monophysite Christians, and for eleven centuries have had possession of the patriarchal chair of Alexandria.</note>

<h1>Copula</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cop"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., bond, band. See <er>Couple</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Logic & Gram.)</fld> <def>The word which unites the subject and predicate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The stop which connects the manuals, or the manuals with the pedals; -- called also <altname>coupler</altname>.</def>

<h1>Copulate</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cop"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>copulatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>copulare</ets> to couple, fr. <ets>copula</ets>. See <er>Copula</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Joined; associated; coupled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Joining subject and predicate; copulative.</def>

<i>F. A. March.</i>

<h1>Copulate</h1>
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<hw>Cop"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Copulated</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Copulating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To unite in sexual intercourse; to come together in the act of generation.</def>

<h1>Copulation</h1>
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<hw>Cop`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>copulatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>copulation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of coupling or joining; union; conjunction.</def>

<blockquote>Wit, you know, is the unexpected <b>copulation</b> of ideas.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The coming together of male and female in the act of generation; sexual union; coition.</def>

<h1>Copulative</h1>
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<hw>Cop"u*la"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>copulativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>copulatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to couple, unite, or connect; <as>as, a <ex>copulative</ex> conjunction like "and"</as>.</def>

<h1>Copulative</h1>
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<hw>Cop"u*la*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Connection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rycaut.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A copulative conjunction.</def>

<h1>Copulatively</h1>
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<hw>Cop"u*la"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a copulative manner.</def>

<h1>Coplatry</h1>
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<hw>Cop"*la*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to copulation; tending or serving to unite; copulative.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Used in sexual union; <as>as, the <ex>copulatory</ex> organs of insects</as>.</def>

<h1>Copy</h1>
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<hw>Cop"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Copies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>copie</ets>, fr. L. <ets>copia</ets> abundance, number, LL. also, a transcript; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>the root of <ets>opes</ets> riches. See <er>Opulent</er>, and cf. <er>Copious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An abundance or plenty of anything.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She was blessed with no more <b>copy</b> of wit, but to serve his humor thus.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An imitation, transcript, or reproduction of an original work; <as>as, a <ex>copy</ex> of a letter, an engraving, a painting, or a statue</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I have not the vanity to think my <b>copy</b> equal to the original.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An individual book, or a single set of books containing the works of an author; <as>as, a <ex>copy</ex> of the Bible; a <ex>copy</ex> of the works of Addison.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is to be imitated, transcribed, or reproduced; a pattern, model, or example; <as>as, his virtues are an excellent <ex>copy</ex> for imitation</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Let him first learn to write, after a <b>copy</b>, all the letters.
<i>Holder.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(print.)</fld> <def>Manuscript or printed matter to be set up in type; <as>as, the printers are calling for more <ex>copy</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A writing paper <?/f a particular size. Same as <er>Bastard</er>. See under <er>Paper</er>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Copyhold; tenure; lease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Copy book</col>, <cd>a book in which copies are written or printed for learners to imitate.</cd> -- <col>Examined copies</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>those which have been compared with the originals.</cd> -- <col>Exemplified copies</col>, <cd>those which are attested under seal of a court.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Certified</col> &or; <col>Office copies</col></mcol>, <cd>those which are made or attested by officers having charge of the originals, and authorized to give copies officially.</cd></cs>

<i>Abbot.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Imitation; transcript; duplicate; counterfeit.</syn>

<h1>Copy</h1>
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<hw>Cop"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Copied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Copying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>copir</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>copiare</ets>. See <er>Copy</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a copy or copies of; to write; print, engrave, or paint after an original; to duplicate; to reproduce; to transcribe; <as>as, to <ex>copy</ex> a manuscript, inscription, design, painting, etc.</as>; -- often with <i>out</i>, sometimes with <i>off</i>.</def>

<blockquote>I like the work well; ere it be demanded
(As like enough it will), I'd have it <b>copied</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let this be <b>copied</b> out,
And keep it safe for our remembrance.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To imitate; to attempt to resemble, as in manners or course of life.</def>

<blockquote>We <b>copy</b> instinctively the voices of our companions, their accents, and their modes of pronunciation.
<i>Stewart.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Copy</h1>
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<hw>Cop"y</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a copy or copies; to imitate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To yield a duplicate or transcript; <as>as, the letter did not <ex>copy</ex> well</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Some . . . never fail, when they <b>copy</b>, to follow the bad as well as the good things.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Copyer</h1>
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<hw>Cop"y*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Copier</er>.</def>

<h1>Copygraph</h1>
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<hw>Cop"y*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A contrivance for producing manifold copies of a writing or drawing.</def>

<note>&hand; The writing or drawing is made with aniline ink on paper, and a reverse copy transferred by pressure to a slab of gelatin softened with glycerin. A large number of transcripts can be taken while the ink is fresh.</note>

<blockquote>Various names have been given to the process [the gelatin copying process], some of them acceptable and others absurd; hectograph, polygraph, <b>copygraph</b>, lithogram, etc.
<i>Knight.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Copyhold</h1>
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<hw>Cop"y*hold`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tenure of estate by copy of court roll; or a tenure for which the tenant has nothing to show, except the rolls made by the steward of the lord's court.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Land held in copyhold.</def> <i>Milton.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Copyholds</i> do not exist in the United States.</note>

<h1>Copyholder</h1>
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<hw>Cop"y*hold`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>One possessed of land in copyhold.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(print.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A device for holding copy for a compositor.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who reads copy to a proof reader.</def>

<h1>Copying</h1>
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<hw>Cop"y*ing</hw>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>From <er>Copy</er>, <tt>v.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Copying ink</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ink</er>.</cd> -- <col>Copying paper</col>, <cd>thin unsized paper used for taking copies of letters, etc., in a copying press.</cd> -- <col>Copying press</col>, <cd>a machine for taking by pressure, an exact copy of letters, etc., written in copying ink.</cd></cs>

<h1>Copyist</h1>
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<hw>Cop"y*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A copier; a transcriber; an imitator; a plagiarist.</def>

<h1>Copyright</h1>
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<hw>Cop"y*right</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The right of an author or his assignee, under statute, to print and publish his literary or artistic work, exclusively of all other persons. This right may be had in maps, charts, engravings, plays, and musical compositions, as well as in books.</def>

<note>&hand; In the United States a copyright runs for the term of twenty-eight years, with right of renewal for fourteen years on certain conditions.</note>
<-- now  life plus 50 years, or 75 years for works created for hire.  Further extension is (1996) being discussed. -->

<cs><col>International copyright</col>, <cd>an author's right in his productions as secured by treaty between nations.</cd></cs>

<h1>Copyright</h1>
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<hw>Cop"y*right`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To secure a copyright on.</def>

<h1>Coquelicot</h1>
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<hw>Coque"li*cot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The wild poppy, or red corn rose.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The color of the wild poppy; a color nearly red, like orange mixed with scarlet.</def>

<h1>Coquet</h1>
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<hw>Co*quet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Coquetted</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Coquetting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To attempt to attract the notice, admiration, or love of; to treat with a show of tenderness or regard, with a view to deceive and disappoint.</def>

<blockquote>You are <b>coquetting</b> a maid of honor.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coquet</h1>
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<hw>Co*quet"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To trifle in love; to stimulate affection or interest; to play the coquette; to deal playfully instead of seriously; to play (with); <as>as, we have <ex>coquetted</ex> with political crime</as>.</def>

<h1>Coquetry</h1>
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<hw>Co*quet"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Coquetries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>coquetterie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Attempts to attract admoration, notice, or love, for the mere gratification of vanity; trifling in love.</def> "Little affectations of <i>coquetry</i>."

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Coquette</h1>
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<hw>Co*quette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>coquet</ets>, <ets>coquette</ets>, coquettish, orig., cocklike, strutting like a cock, fr. <ets>coq</ets> a cock. Cf. <er>Cock</er>, <er>Cocket</er>, <er>Cocky</er>, <er>Cockade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A vain, trifling woman, who endeavors to attract admiration from a desire to grafity vanity; a flirt; -- formerly sometimes applied also to men.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tropical humming bird of the genus <spn>Lophornis</spn>, with very elegant neck plumes. Several species are known. See <i>Illustration</i> under <er>Spangle</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>/def>

<h1>Coquettish</h1>
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<hw>Co*quet"tish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Practicing or exhibiting coquetry; alluring; enticing.</def>

<blockquote>A pretty, <b>coquettish</b> housemaid.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coquettishly</h1>
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<hw>Co*quet"tish*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a coquettish manner.</def>

<h1>Coquilla nut</h1>
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<hw>Co*quil"la nut</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Pg. <ets>coquilho</ets>, Sp. <ets>coquillo</ets>, dim. of <ets>coco</ets> a cocoanut.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit of a Brazilian tree (<spn>Attalea funifera</spn> of Martius.).</def>

<note>&hand; Its shell is hazel-brown in color, very hard and close in texture, and much used by turners in forming ornamental articles, such as knobs for umbrella handles.</note>

<h1>Coquimbite</h1>
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<hw>Co*quim"bite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mineral consisting principally of sulphate of iron; white copperas; -- so called because found in the province of <ets>Coquimbo</ets>, Chili.</def>

<h1>Coquina</h1>
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<hw>Co*qui"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., shellfish, cockle.]</ety> <def>A soft, whitish, coral-like stone, formed of broken shells and corals, found in the southern United States, and used for roadbeds and for building material, as in the fort at St. Augustine, Florida.</def>

<h1>Cor-</h1>
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<hw>Cor-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A prefix signifying <i>with</i>, <i>together</i>, etc. See <er>Com-</er>.</def>

<h1>Cor</h1>
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<hw>Cor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>k<?/r</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Hebrew measure of capacity; a homer.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>core</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cora</h1>
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<hw>Co"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Arabian gazelle (<spn>Gazella Arabica</spn>), found from persia to North Africa.</def>

<h1>Coracle</h1>
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<hw>Cor"a*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>corwgl</ets>, <ets>cwrwgl</ets>, fr. <ets>corwg</ets>, <ets>cwrwg</ets>, any round body or vessel, the trunk of the body, carcass.]</ety> <def>A boat made by covering a wicker frame with leather or oilcloth. It was used by the ancient Britons, and is still used by fisherman in Wales and some parts of Ireland. Also, a similar boat used in Thibet and in Egypt.</def>

<h1>Coracoid</h1>
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<hw>Cor"a*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[Gr. <?/; <grk>ko`rax</grk> crow + <grk>e'i^dos</grk> form.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Shaped like a crow's beak.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a bone of the shoulder girdle in most birds, reptiles, and amphibians, which is reduced to a process of the scapula in most mammals.</def>

<h1>Coracoid</h1>
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<hw>Cor"a*coid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The coracoid bone or process.</def>

<h1>Corage</h1>
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<hw>Cor"age</hw> <tt>(?; OF. <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Courage</er></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To Canterbury with full devout <b>corage</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coral</h1>
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<hw>Cor"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of. <ets>coral</ets>, F, <ets>corail</ets>, L. <ets>corallum</ets>, <ets>coralium</ets>, fr. Gr. <grk>kora`llion</grk>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hard parts or skeleton of various Anthozoa, and of a few Hydrozoa. Similar structures are also formed by some Bryozoa.</def>

<note>&hand; The large stony corals forming coral reefs belong to various genera of <spn>Madreporaria</spn>, and to the hydroid genus, <spn>Millepora</spn>. The red coral, used in jewelry, is the stony axis of the stem of a gorgonian (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>) found chiefly in the Mediterranean. The <i>fan corals</i>, <i>plume corals</i>, and <i>sea feathers</i> are species of <spn>Gorgoniacea</spn>, in which the axis is horny. <i>Organ-pipe</i> coral is formed by the genus <spn>Tubipora</spn>, an Alcyonarian, and <i>black coral</i> is in part the axis of species of the genus <spn>Antipathes</spn>. See <er>Anthozoa</er>, <er>Madrepora</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The ovaries of a cooked lobster; -- so called from their color.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A piece of coral, usually fitted with small bells and other appurtenances, used by children as a plaything.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Brain coral</col>, &or; <col>Brain stone coral</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Brain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chain coral</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Coral animal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the polyps by which corals are formed. They are often very erroneously called <altname>coral insects</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Coral fish</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Coral reefs</col> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld>, <cd>reefs, often of great extent, made up chiefly of fragments of corals, coral sands, and the solid limestone resulting from their consolidation. They are classed as <stype>fringing reefs</stype>, when they border the land; <stype>barrier reefs</stype>, when separated from the shore by a broad belt of water; <stype>atolls</stype>, when they constitute separate islands, usually inclosing a lagoon. See <er>Atoll</er>.</cd> -- <col>Coral root</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus (<spn>Corallorhiza</spn>) of orchideous plants, of a yellowish or brownish red color, parasitic on roots of other plants, and having curious jointed or knotted roots not unlike some kinds of coral. See <i>Illust<i>. under <er>Coralloid</er>.</cd> -- <col>Coral snake</col>. <fld>(Zo)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small, venomous, Brazilian snake <spn>(Elaps corallinus)</spn>, coral-red, with black bands.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A small, harmless, South American snake (<spn>Tortrix scytale</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Coral tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tropical, leguminous plant, of several species, with showy, scarlet blossoms and coral-red seeds. The best known is <spn>Erythrina Corallodendron</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Coral wood</col>, <cd>a hard, red cabinet wood.</cd> <i>McElrath.</i></cs>

<h1>Coraled</h1>
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<hw>Cor"aled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having coral; covered with coral.</def>

<h1>Coral fish</h1>
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<hw>Cor"al fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bright-colored fish of the genera <spn>Ch\'91todon</spn>, <spn>Pomacentrus</spn>, <spn>Apogon</spn>, and related genera, which live among reef corals.</def>

<h1>Corallaceous</h1>
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<hw>Cor`al*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like coral, or partaking of its qualities.</def>

<h1>Corallian</h1>
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<hw>Co*ral"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A deposit of coralliferous limestone forming a portion of the middle division of the o\'94lite; -- called also coral-rag.</def>

<h1>Coralliferous</h1>
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<hw>Cor`al*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corallum</ets> coral + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing or producing coral.</def>

<h1>Coralliform</h1>
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<hw>Cor"al*li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corallum</ets> coral + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>resembling coral in form.</def>

<h1>Coralligena</h1>
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<hw>Cor`al*lig"e*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>corallum</ets> coral + root of <ets>gignere</ets> to produce.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Anthozoa</er>.</def>

<h1>Coralligenous</h1>
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<hw>Cor`al*lig"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>producing coral; coraligerous; coralliferous.</def>

<i>Humble.</i>

<h1>Coralligerous</h1>
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<hw>Cor`al*lig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corallum</ets> coral + <ets>-gerous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing coral; coraliferous.</def>

<h1>Corallin</h1>
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<hw>Cor"al*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So named in allusion to the color of red corallin, fr. L. <ets>corallum</ets> coral.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow coal-tar dyestuff which probably consists chiefly of rosolic acid. See <er>Aurin</er>, and <i>Rosolic acid</i> under <er>Rosolic</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Red corallin</col>, <cd>a red dyestuff which is obtained by treating aurin or rosolic acid with ammonia; -- called also <altname>p\'91onin</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Yellow corallin</col>. <cd>See <er>Aurin</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coralline</h1>
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<hw>Cor"al*line</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>corallinus</ets> coralred.]</ety> <def>Composed of corallines; <as>as, <ex>coralline</ex> limestone</as>.</def>

<h1>Coralline</h1>
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<hw>Cor"al*line</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>coralline</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A submarine, semicalcareous or calcareous plant, consisting of many jointed branches.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Formerly any slender coral-like animal; -- sometimes applied more particulary to bryozoan corals.</def>

<h1>Corallinite</h1>
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<hw>Cor"al*lin*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil coralline.</def>

<h1>Corallite</h1>
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<hw>Cor"al*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corallum</ets> coral.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral substance or petrifaction, in the form of coral.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the individual members of a compound coral; or that part formed by a single coral animal.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>corallet</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Coralloid</h1>
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<hw>Cor"al*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corallum</ets> coral + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>corallo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of coral; branching like coral.</def>

<h1>Coralloidal</h1>
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<hw>Cor`al*loid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>resembling coral; coralloid.</def>

<i>Sir T. browne.</i>

<h1>Corallum</h1>
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<hw>Co*ral"lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The coral or skeleton of a zo\'94phyte, whether calcareous of horny, simple or compound. See <er>Coral</er>.</def>

<h1>Coral-rag</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cor"al-rag`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(geol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Corallian</er>.</def>

<h1>Coralwort</h1>
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<hw>Cor"al*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A cruciferous herb of certain species of <spn>Dentaria</spn>; -- called also <altname>toothwort</altname>, <altname>tooth violet</altname>, or <altname>pepper root</altname>.</def>

<h1>Coranach</h1>
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<hw>Cor"a*nach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>coranach</ets>, or <ets>corranach</ets>, a crying, the Irish funeral cry (the <ets>keen</ets>), a dirge; <ets>comh</ets> with + <ets>ranaich</ets> a roaring, <ets>ran</ets> to roar, shriek.]</ety> <def>A lamentation for the dead; a dirge.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>coranich</asp>, <asp>corrinoch</asp>, <asp>coronach</asp>, <asp>cronach</asp>, etc.]</altsp> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Corant, Coranto</h1>
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<hw><hw>Co*rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Co*ran"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Courant</er>.]</ety> <def>A sprightly but somewhat stately dance, now out of fashion.</def>

<blockquote>It is harder to dance a <b>corant</b> well, than a jig.
<i>Sir W. temple.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Dancing a <b>coranto</b> with him upon the heath.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Corb</h1>
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<hw>Corb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<tt>L. corbis basket. Cf.</tt> <er>Corbeil</er>, <er>Corp</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A basket used in coal mines, etc. see <er>Corf</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament in a building; a corbel.</def>

<h1>Corban</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ban</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>qorb\'ben</ets>, akin to Ar. qurb\'ben.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>(Jewish Antiq.) An offering of any kind, devoted to God and therefore not be appropriated to any other use; esp., an offering in fulfillment of a vow.</def>

<note>&hand; In the old Testament the hebrew word is usually translated "oblation" as in <i>Numb. xviii. 9, xxxi. 50.</i></note>

<note>&hand; The traditionists laid down that a man might interdict himself by vow, not only from using for himself, but from giving to another, or receiving from him, some particular object, whether of food or any other kind. A person might thus exempt himself from assisting parents in distress, under plea of <i>corban</i>.</note>
<i>Dr. W. Smith.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An alms basket; a vessel to receive gifts of charity; a treasury of the church, where offerings are deposited.</def>

<h1>Corbe</h1>
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<hw>Corbe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>corbe</ets>, fr. L. <ets>curvus</ets>. See <er>Cuve</er>.]</ety> <def>Crooked.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Corbe</i> shoulder."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Corbell</h1>
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<hw>Cor"bell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>corbeile</ets>, fr. L. <ets>corbicula</ets> a little basket, dim. of <ets>corbis</ets> basket. Cf. <er>Corbel</er>, <er>Corb</er>, <er>Corvette</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A sculptured basket of flowers; a corbel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>Small gabions.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Corbel</h1>
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<hw>Cor"bel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>corbeau</ets>, for older <ets>corbel</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>corbis</ets> basket. (Corbels were often in the form of a basket.) See <er>Corbeil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A bracket supporting a superincumbent object, or receiving the spring of an arch. Corbels were employed largely in Gothic architecture.</def>

<note>&hand; A common form of corbel consists of courses of stones or bricks, each projecting slightly beyond the next below it.</note>

<h1>Corbel</h1>
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<hw>Cor"bel</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with a corbel or corbels; to support by a corbel; to make in the form of a corbel.</def>

<cs><col>To corbel out</col>, <cd>to furnish with a corbel of courses, each projecting beyond the one next below it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Corbel-table</h1>
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<hw>Cor"bel-ta`ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A horizontal row of corbels, with the panels or filling between them; also, less properly used to include the stringcourse on them.</def>

<h1>Corbie &or; Corby</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cor"bie</hw> &or; <hw>Cor"by</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Corbies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>corbeau</ets>, OF. <ets>corbel</ets>, dim. fr. L. <ets>corvus</ets> raven.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The raven.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(her.)</fld> <def>A raven, crow, or chough, used as a charge.</def>

<cs><col>Corbie crow</col>, <cd>the carrion crow. <mark>[Scot.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Corbiestep</h1>
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<hw>Cor"bie*step`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One of the steps in which a gable wall is often finished in place of a continuous slope; -- also called <altname>crowstep</altname>.</def>

<h1>Corchorus</h1>
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<hw>Cor"cho*rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Nl., fr. L. <ets>corchorus</ets> a poor kind of pulse, Gr. <grk>ko`rchoros</grk> a wild plant of bitter taste.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common name of the <spn>kerria Japonica</spn> or Japan globeflower, a yellow-flowered, perennial, rosaceous plant, seen in old-fashioned gardens.</def>

<h1>Corcle, Corcule</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cor"cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cor"cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corculum</ets> a little heart, dim. of <ets>cor</ets> heart.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The heart of the seed; the embryo or germ.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cord</h1>
<Xpage=319>

<hw>Cord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>corde</ets>, L. <ets>chorda</ets> catgut, chord, cord, fr. Gr. <?/; cf. <?/ intestines, L. <ets>harus</ets>pex soothsayer (inspector of entrails), Icel. <ets>g\'94rn</ets>, pl. <ets>garnir</ets> gut, and E. <ets>yarn</ets>. Cf. <er>Chord</er>, <er>Yarn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A string, or small rope, composed of several strands twisted together.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A solid measure, equivalent to 128 cubic feet; a pile of wood, or other coarse material, eight feet long, four feet high, and four feet broad; -- originally measured with a cord or line.</def>

<hr>
<page="323">
Page 323<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: Any moral influence by which persons are caught, held, or drawn, as if by a cord; an enticement; <as>as, the <ex>cords</ex> of the wicked; the <ex>cords</ex> of sin; the <ex>cords</ex> of vanity.</as></def>

<blockquote>The knots that tangle human creeds,
The wounding <b>cords</b> that bind and strain
The heart until it bleeds.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Any structure having the appearance of a cord, esp. a tendon or a nerve. See under <er>Spermatic</er>, <er>Spinal</er>, <er>Umbilical</er>, <er>Vocal</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Chord</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Cord wood</col>, <cd>wood for fuel cut to the length of four feet (when of full measure).</cd></cs>

<h1>Cord</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cord</hw> <tt>(k?rd)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Corded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cording</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bind with a cord; to fasten with cords; to connect with cords; to ornament or finish with a cord or cords, as a garment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To arrange (wood, etc.) in a pile for measurement by the cord.</def>

<h1>Cordage</h1>
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<hw>Cord"age</hw> <tt>(k?rd"?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cordage</ets>. See <er>Cord</er>.]</ety> <def>Ropes or cords, collectively; hence, anything made of rope or cord, as those parts of the rigging of a ship which consist of ropes.</def>

<h1>Cordal</h1>
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<hw>Cord"al</hw> <tt>(k?rd"<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Cordelle</er>.</def>

<h1>Cordate</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cordate</hw> <tt>(k?r"d?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cor</ets>, <ets>cordis</ets>, heart.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Heart-shaped; <as>as, a <ex>cordate</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Cordately</h1>
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<hw>Cor"date*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a cordate form.</def>

<h1>Corded</h1>
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<hw>Cord"ed</hw> <tt>(k?rd"?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bound or fastened with cords.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Piled in a form for measurement by the cord.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Made of cords.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>corded</i> ladder."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Striped or ribbed with cords; <as>as, cloth with a <ex>corded</ex> surface</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Bound about, or wound, with cords.</def>

<h1>Cordelier</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cor`de*lier"</hw> <tt>(k?r`d??l?r")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. OF. <ets>cordel</ets>, F. <ets>cordeau</ets>, dim. fr. <ets>corde</ets> string, rope. See <er>Cord</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A Franciscan; -- so called in France from the girdle of knotted cord worn by all Franciscans.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fr. Hist.)</fld> <def>A member of a French political club of the time of the first Revolution, of which Danton and Marat were members, and which met in an old Cordelier convent in Paris.</def>

<h1>Cordeling</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cor"del*ing</hw> <tt>(k?r"d?l??ng)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cordeler</ets> to twist, fr. OF. <ets>cordel</ets>. See <er>Cordelier</er>.]</ety> <def>Twisting.</def>

<h1>Cordelle</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cor*delle"</hw> <tt>(k?r-d?l")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>corde</ets> cord.]</ety> <def>A twisted cord; a tassel.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Cordial</h1>
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<hw>Cor"dial</hw> <tt>(k?r"j<it>a</it>l, <it>formally</it> k?rd"y<it>a</it>l; 106, 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL.  <ets>cordialis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cor</ets> heart: cf. F.  <ets>cordial</ets>. See <er>Heart</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Proceeding from the heart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A rib with <b>cordial</b> spirits warm.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hearty; sincere; warm; affectionate.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . with looks of <b>cordial</b> love
Hung over her enamored.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Tending to revive, cheer, or invigorate; giving strength or spirits.</def>

<blockquote>Behold this <b>cordial</b> julep here
That flames and dances in his crystal bounds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Hearty; sincere; heartfelt; warm; affectionate; cheering; invigorating. See <er>Hearty</er>.</syn>

<h1>Cordial</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cor"dial</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything that comforts, gladdens, and exhilarates.</def>

<blockquote>Charms to my sight, and <b>cordials</b> to my mind.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med)</fld> <def>Any invigorating and stimulating preparation; <as>as, a peppermint <ex>cordial</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Aromatized and sweetened spirit, used as a beverage; a liqueur.</def>

<h1>Cordiality</h1>
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<hw>Cor*dial"i*ty</hw> <tt>(k<?/r-j<?/l"<?/-t<?/ &or; k<?/r`d<?/-<?/l"-; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cordialities</plw> <tt>(-t<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[LL. <ets>cordialitas</ets>, fr. <ets>cordialis</ets> sincere: cf. F.  <ets>cordialit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relation to the heart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That the ancients had any respect of <b>cordiality</b> or reference unto the heart, will much be doubted.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sincere affection and kindness; warmth of regard; heartiness.</def>

<i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Cordialize</h1>
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<hw>Cor"dial*ize</hw> <tt>(k?r"j<it>a</it>l-?z &or;  k?rd"y<it>a</it>l-?z; 106)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make into a cordial.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To render cordial; to reconcile.</def>

<h1>Cordialize</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cor"dial*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow cordial; to feel or express cordiality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cordially</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cor"dial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a cordial manner.</def>

<i> Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Cordialness</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cor"dial*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cordiality.</def>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Cordierite</h1>
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<hw>Cor"di*er*ite</hw> <tt>(k<?/r"d<?/-<?/r-<?/t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after the geologist <ets>Cordier</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Iolite</er>.</def>

<h1>Cordoform</h1>
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<hw>Cor"do*form</hw> <tt>(k?r"d?-f?rm)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cor</ets>, <ets>cordis</ets>, heart + <ets>-form</ets>, cf. F. <ets>cordiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Heart-shaped.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Cordillera</h1>
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<hw>Cor*dil"ler*a</hw> <tt>(k?r-d?l"l?r-?; Sp. k?r`d?-ly?"r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. OSp. <ets>cordilla</ets>, <ets>cordiella</ets>, dim. of <ets>cuerda</ets> a rope, string. See <er>Cord</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A mountain ridge or chain.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Cordillera</i> is sometimes applied, in geology, to the system of mountain chains near the border of a continent; thus, the western <i>cordillera</i> of North America in the United States includes the Rocky Mountains, Sierra Nevada, Coast and Cascade ranges.</note>

<h1>Cordiner</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cor"di*ner</hw> <tt>(k?r"d?-n?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cordwainer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cordon</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cor"don</hw> <tt>(k?r"d?n; F. k?r"<er>d?n</er>")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>corde</ets>. See <er>Cord</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cord or ribbon bestowed or borne as a badge of honor; a broad ribbon, usually worn after the manner of a baldric, constituting a mark of a very high grade in an honorary order. Cf. <er>Grand cordon</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The cord worn by a Franciscan friar.</def>

<i>Sir E. Sandys.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The coping of the scarp wall, which projects beyong the face of the wall a few inches.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A line or series of sentinels, or of military posts, inclosing or guarding any place or thing.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A rich and ornamental lace or string, used to secure a mantle in some costumes of state.</def>

<cs><col>Cordon bleu</col> <tt>(k<?/r`<er>d<?/n</er>" bl<?/")</tt> <ety>[F., blue cordon]</ety>, <cd>a first-rate cook, or one worthy to be the cook of the <i>cordons bleus</i>, or Knights of the Holy Ghost, famous for their good dinners.</cd> --  <col>Cordon sanitaire</col> <tt>(k<?/r`<er>d<?/n</er>" s<?/`n<?/`t<?/r")</tt> <ety>[F., sanitary cordon]</ety>, <cd>a line of troops or military posts around a district infected with disease, to cut off communication, and thus prevent the disease from spreading.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cordonnet</h1>
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<hw>Cor`don`net"</hw> <tt>(k?r`d?n`n?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>cordon</ets>. See <er>Cardon</er>.]</ety> <def>Doubled and twisted thread, made of coarse silk, and used for tassels, fringes, etc.</def>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<h1>Cordovan</h1>
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<hw>Cor"do*van</hw> <tt>(k?r"d?-v?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>cordoban</ets>, fr.  <ets>Cordova</ets>, or <ets>Cordoba</ets>, in Spain. Cf.  <er>Cordwain</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Cordwain</er>. in England the name is applied to leather made from horsehide.</def>

<h1>Corduroy</h1>
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<hw>Cor"du*roy`</hw> <tt>(k?r"d?-roi` &or; k?r"d?-roi")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. for F. <ets>corde du roi</ets> king's cord.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sort of cotton velveteen, having the surface raised in ridges.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Trousers or breeches of corduroy.</def>

<cs><col>Corduroy road</col>, <cd>a roadway formed of logs laid side by side across it, as in marshy places; -- so called from its rough or ribbed surface, resembling corduroy.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Corduroy</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cor"du*roy`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form of logs laid side by side. "Roads were <i>corduroyed</i>." Gemn. W.T. Sherman.</def>

<h1>Cordwain</h1>
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<hw>Cord"wain</hw> <tt>(k?rd"w?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cordewan</ets>, <ets>cordian</ets>, OF.  <ets>cordoan</ets>, <ets>cordouan</ets>, fr. Sp.  <ets>cordoban</ets>. See <er>Cordovan</er>.]</ety> <def>A term used in the Middle Ages for Spanish leather (goatskin tanned and dressed), and hence, any leather handsomely finished, colored, gilded, or the like.</def>

<blockquote>Buskins he wore of costliest <b>cordwain</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cordwainer</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cord"wain*er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.  <ets>cordwaner</ets>, <ets>cordiner</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>cordoanier</ets>, <ets>cordouanier</ets>, F. <ets>cordonnier</ets>.]</ety> <def>A worker in cordwain, or cordovan leather; a shoemaker.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>

<h1>Core</h1>
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<hw>Core</hw> <tt>(k?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>corps</ets>. See <er>Corps</er>.]</ety> <def>A body of individuals; an assemblage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He was in a <b>core</b> of people.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Core</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Core</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chore</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>A miner's underground working time or shift.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<note>&hand; The twenty-four hours are divided into three or four <i>cores</i>.</note>

<h1>Core</h1>
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<hw>Core</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>k<?/r</ets>: cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>A Hebrew dry measure; a cor or homer.</def>

<i>Num. xi. 32 (Douay version).</i>

<h1>Core</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Core</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.  <ets>cor</ets>, <ets>coer</ets>, <ets>cuer</ets>, F.  <ets>c<?/ur</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>cor</ets> heart. See <er>Heart</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The heart or inner part of a thing, as of a column, wall, rope, of a boil, etc.; especially, the central part of fruit, containing the kernels or seeds; <as>as, the <ex>core</ex> of an apple or quince</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A fever at the <b>core</b>,
Fatal to him who bears, to all who ever bore.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The center or inner part, as of an open space; <as>as, the <ex>core</ex> of a ssquare</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The most important part of a thing; the essence; <as>as, the <ex>core</ex> of a subject</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>The prtion of a mold which shapes the interior of a cylinder, tube, or other hollow casting, or which makes a hole in or through a casting; a part of the mold, made separate from and inserted in it, for shaping some part of the casting, the form of which is not determined by that of the pattern.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A disorder of sheep occasioned by worms in the liver.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bony process which forms the central axis of the horns in many animals.</def>

<cs><col>Core box</col> <fld>(Founding)</fld>, <cd>a box or mold, usually divisible, in which cores are molded.</cd> -- <col>Core print</col> <fld>(Founding)</fld>, <cd>a projecting piece on a pattern which forms, in the mold, an impression for holding in place or steadying a core.</cd></cs>

<h1>Core</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Core</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cord</er> <tt>(k?rd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coring</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take out the core or inward parts of; <as>as, to <ex>core</ex> an apple</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He's likee a corn upon my great toe . . . he must be <b>cored</b> out.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form by means of a core, as a hole in a casting.</def>

<h1>Co-regent</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Co-re"gent</hw> <tt>(k?-r?"j<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A joint regent or ruler.</def>

<h1>Co-relation</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Co`-re*la"tion</hw> <tt>(k?`r?-l?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Corresponding relation.</def>

<h1>Co-religionist</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Co`-re*li"gion*ist</hw> <tt>(-l?j"?n-?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the same religion with another.</def>

<h1>Coreopsis</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Co`re*op"sis</hw> <tt>(k?`r?-?p"s?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. GR. <?/<?/<?/<?/ bug + <?/<?/<?/ appearance.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbaceous composite plants, having the achenes two-horned and remotely resembling some insect; tickseed. <spn>C. tinctoria</spn>, of the Western plains, the commonest plant of the genus, has been used in dyeing.</def>

<h1>Corer</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cor"er</hw> <tt>(k?rr"?rr)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which cores; an instrument for coring fruit; <as>as, an apple <ex>corer</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Co-respondent</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Co`-re*spond"ent</hw> <tt>(k?`rr?-sp?nd"<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who is called upon to answer a summons or other proceeding jointly with another.</def>

<h1>Corf</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Corf</hw> <tt>(k?rrf)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Corves</plw> <tt>(k<?/rvz)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf.LG. & D. <ets>korf</ets> basket, G. <ets>korb</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>corbis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A basket.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A large basket used in carrying or hoisting coal or ore.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A wooden frame, sled, or low-wheeled wagon, to convey coal or ore in the mines.</def>

<h1>Corfiote krf-t, Corfute</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw><hw>Cor"fi*ote</hw> <tt>(k?r"f?-?t)</tt>, <hw>Cor"fute</hw> <tt>(k?r"f?t)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Corfu, an island in the Mediterranean Sea.</def>

<h1>Coriaceous</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Co`ri*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(k?`r?-?"sh?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>coriaceous</ets>, fr.  <ets>corium</ets> leather. See <er>Cuirass</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of or resembling, leather; leatherlike; tough.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Stiff, like leather or parchment.</def>

<h1>Coriander</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Co`ri*an"der</hw> <tt>(k?`r?-?n"d?r)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coriandrum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/, perh. fr. <?/<?/<?/ bug, on account of the buglike or fetid smell of its leaves: cf. F. <ets>coriandre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An umbelliferous plant, the <spn>Coriandrum sativum</spn>, the fruit or seeds of which have a strong smell and a spicy taste, and in medicine are considered as stomachic and carminative.</def>

<h1>Coridine</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Co"ri*dine</hw> <tt>(k?"r?-d?n; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L.  <ets>cortium</ets> leather.]</ety> <def>A colorless or yellowish oil, <chform>C10H15N</chform>, of a leathery odor, occuring in coal tar, Dippel's oil, tobacco smoke, etc., regarded as an organic base, homologous with pyridine. Also, one of a series of metameric compounds of which coridine is a type.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>corindine</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Corindon</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Co*rin"don</hw> <tt>(k?-r?n"d?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Corrundum</er>.</def>

<h1>Corinne</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Co`rinne"</hw> <tt>(k?`r?n")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common gazelle (<spn>Gazella dorcas</spn>). See <er>Gazelle</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>korin</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Corinth</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cor"inth</hw> <tt>(k?r"?nth)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Corinthus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/. Cf.  <er>Currant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A city of Greece, famed for its luxury and extravagance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small fruit; a currant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Broome.</i>

<h1>Corinthiac</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Co*rin"thi*ac</hw> <tt>(k?-r?n"th?-?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>Corinthiacus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Corinth.</def>

<h1>Corinthian</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Co*rin"thi*an</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or relating to Corinth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Corinthian order of architecture, invented by the Greeks, but more commonly used by the Romans.</def>

<blockquote>This is the lightest and most ornamental of the three orders used by the Greeks.
<i>Parker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Debauched in character or practice; impure.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an amateur sailor or yachtsman; <as>as, a <ex>corinthian</ex> race (one in which the contesting yachts must be manned by amateurs</as>.)</def>

<h1>Corinthian</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Co*rin"thi*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of Corinth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gay, licentious person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Corium</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Co"ri*um</hw> <tt>(k?"r?-?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corium</ets> leather.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Armor made of leather, particularly that used by the Romans; used also by Enlish soldiers till the reign of Edward I.</def>

<i>Fosbroke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Dermis</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The deep layer of mucous membranes beneath the epithelium.</def>

<h1>Corival</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Co*ri"val</hw> <tt>(k?-r?"v<it>al</it>)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rival; a corrival.</def>

<h1>Corival</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Co*ri"val</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To rival; to pretend to equal.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Corivalry, Corivalship</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw><hw>Co*ri"val*ry</hw>, <hw>Co*ri"val*ship</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Joint rivalry.</def>

<h1>Cork</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cork</hw> <tt>(k?rk)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G., Dan., & Sw. <ets>kork</ets>, D.  <ets>kurk</ets>; all fr. Sp. <ets>corcho</ets>, <ets>fr</ets>. <ets>L</ets>. <ets>cortex</ets>, <ets>corticis</ets>, bark, rind. Cf. <er>Cortex</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The outer layer of the bark of the cork tree (<spn>Quercus Suber</spn>), of which stoppers for bottles and casks are made. See <er>Cutose</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stopper for a bottle or cask, cut out of cork.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A mass of tabular cells formed in any kind of bark, in greater or less abundance.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Cork</i> is sometimes used wrongly for <i>calk</i>, <i>calker</i>; <i>calkin</i>, a sharp piece of iron on the shoe of a horse or ox.</note>

<cs><col>Cork jackets</col>, <cd>a jacket having thin pieces of cork inclosed within canvas, and used to aid in swimming.</cd> -- <col>Cork tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the species of oak (<spn>Quercus Suber</spn> of Southern Europe) whose bark furnishes the cork of commerce.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cork</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cork</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Corked</er> <tt>(k?rkt)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Corking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stop with a cork, as a bottle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish or fit with cork; to raise on cork.</def>

<blockquote>Tread on <b>corked</b> stilts a prisoner's pace.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; To <i>cork</i> is sometimes used erroneously for to <i>calk</i>, to furnish the shoe of a horse or ox with sharp points, and also in the meaning of cutting with a calk.</note>

<h1>Corkage</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cork"age</hw> <tt>(-?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The charge made by innkeepers for drawing the cork and taking care of bottles of wine bought elsewhere by a guest.</def>

<h1>Corked</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Corked</hw> <tt>(k?rkt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>having acquired an unpleasant taste from the cork; <as>as, a bottle of wine is <ex>corked</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Cork fossil</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cork" fos`sil</hw> <tt>(k?rk" f?s`s?l)</tt>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of amianthus which is very light, like cork.</def>

<h1>Corkiness</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cork"i*ness</hw> <tt>(-?-n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being corky.</def>

<h1>Corking pin</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cork"ing pin`</hw> <tt>(k?rk"?ng p?n`)</tt>. <def>A pin of a large size, formerly used attaching a woman's headdress to a cork mold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Corkscrew</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cork"screw`</hw> <tt>(-skr?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instrument with a screw or a steel spiral for drawing corks from bottles.</def>

<cs><col>Corkscrew starts</col>, <cd>a spiral staircase around a solid newel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Corkscrew</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cork"screw`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To press forward in a winding way; <as>as, to <ex>corksrew</ex> one's way through a crowd</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Corkwing</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cork"wing`</hw> <tt>(-w?ng`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish; the goldsinny.</def>

<h1>Corky</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cork"y</hw> <tt>(-?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of, or like, cork; dry shriveled up.</def>

<blockquote>Bind fast hiss <b>corky</b> arms.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tasting of cork.</def>

<h1>Corm</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Corm</hw> <tt>(k?rm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cormus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A solid bulb-shaped root, as of the crocus. See <er>Bulb</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Cormus</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Cormogeny</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cor*mog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(k?r-m?j"?-n?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ trunk of a tree + root of <?/<?/<?/<?/ to be born.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The embryological history of groups or families of individuals.</def>

<h1>Cormophylogeny</h1>
<Xpage=323>

<hw>Cor`mo*phy*log"e*ny</hw> <tt>(k?r`m?-f?-l?j"?-n?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/ trunk of a tree + E. <ets>phylogeny</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The phylogeny of groups or families of individuals.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<hr>
<page="324">
Page 324<p>

<h1>Cormophytes krm-fts, Cormophyta</h1>
<Xpage=324>

<hw><hw>Cor"mo*phytes</hw> <tt>(k?r"m?-f?ts)</tt>, <hw>Cor*moph"y*ta</hw> <tt>(k?r-m?f"?-t?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>cormophyta</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/<?/<?/</ets> trunk of a tree + <?/<?/<?/ plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A term proposed by Endlicher to include all plants with an axis containing vascular tissue and with foliage.</def>

<h1>Cormorant</h1>
<Xpage=324>

<hw>Cor`mo*rant</hw> <tt>(k?r"m?-r<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>cormoran</ets>, fr. Armor. <ets>m<?/r-vran</ets> a sea raven; <ets>m<?/r</ets> sea +  <ets>bran</ets> raven, with <ets>cor</ets>, equiv. to L.  <ets>corvus</ets> raven, pleonastically prefixed; or perh. fr. L.  <ets>corvus marinus</ets> sea raven.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of <spn>Phalacrocorax</spn>, a genus of sea birds having a sac under the beak; the shag. Cormorants devour fish voraciously, and have become the emblem of gluttony. They are generally black, and hence are called <i>sea ravens</i>, and <i>coalgeese</i>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>corvorant</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A voracious eater; a glutton, or gluttonous servant.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Cormoraut</h1>
<Xpage=324>

<hw>Cor"mo*raut</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ravenous; voracious.</def>

<blockquote><b>Cormorant</b>, devouring time.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cormus</h1>
<Xpage=324>

<hw>Cor"mus</hw> <tt>(k?r"m?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ the trunk of a tree (with the boughs cut off), fr. <?/<?/<?/ to shear.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Corm</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A vegetable or animal made up of a number of individuals, such as, for example, would be formed by a process of budding from a parent stalk wherre the buds remain attached.</def>

<h1>Corn</h1>
<Xpage=324>

<hw>Corn</hw> <tt>(k?rn)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>cornu</ets> horn: cf. F.  <ets>corne</ets> horn, hornlike excrescence. See <er>Horn</er>.]</ety> <def>A thickening of the epidermis at some point, esp. on the toees, by friction or pressure. It is usually painful and troublesome.</def>

<blockquote>Welkome, gentlemen! Ladies that have their toes
Unplagued with <b>corns</b>, will have a bout with you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The substance of a corn usually resembles horn, but where moisture is present, as between the toes, it is white and sodden, and is called a <i>soft corn</i>.</note>

<h1>Corn</h1>
<Xpage=324>

<hw>Corn</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.  <ets>corn</ets>; akin to OS.  <ets>korn</ets>, D. <ets>koren</ets>, G., Dan., Sw., & Icel. <ets>korn</ets>, Goth. <ets>ka<?/rn</ets>, L.  <ets>granum</ets>, Russ. <ets>zerno</ets>. Cf.  <er>Grain</er>, <er>Kernel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A single seed of certain plants, as wheat, rye, barley, and maize; a grain.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The various farinaceous grains of the cereal grasses used for food, as wheat, rye, barley, maize, oats.</def>

<note>&hand; In Scotland, <i>corn</i> is generally restricted to <i>oats</i>, in the United States, to maize, or <i>Indian corn</i>, of which there are several kinds; as, <i>yellow corn</i>, which grows chiefly in the Northern States, and is yellow when ripe; <i>white</i> or <i>southern corn</i>, which grows to a great height, and has long white kernels; <i>sweet corn</i>, comprising a number of sweet and tender varieties, grown chiefly at the North, some of which have kernels that wrinkle when ripe and dry; <i>pop corn</i>, any small variety, used for popping.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The plants which produce corn, when growing in the field; the stalks and ears, or the stalks, ears, and seeds, after reaping and before thrashing.</def>

<blockquote>In one night, ere glimpse of morn,
His shadowy flail had thrashed the <b>corn</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A small, hard particle; a grain.</def> "<i>Corn</i> of sand." <i>Bp. Hall</i>. "A <i>corn</i> of powder." <i>Beau & Fl.</i>

<cs><col>Corn ball</col>, <cd>a ball of popped corn stuck together with soft candy from molasses or sugar.</cd> -- <col>Corn bread</col>, <cd>bread made of Indian meal.</cd> -- <col>Corn cake</col>, <cd>a kind of corn bread; johnny cake; hoecake.</cd> -- <col>Corn cockle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a weed (<spn>Agrostemma &or; Lychnis Githago</spn>), having bright flowers, common in grain fields.</cd> -- <col>Corn flag</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Gladiolus</spn>; -- called also <altname>sword lily</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Corn fly</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small fly which, in the larval state, is injurious to grain, living in the stalk, and causing the disease called "gout," on account of the swelled joints. The common European species is <spn>Chlorops t\'91niopus</spn>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A small fly (<spn>Anthomyia ze</spn>) whose larva or maggot destroys seed corn after it has been planted.</cd> -- <col>Corn fritter</col>, <cd>a fritter having green Indian corn mixed through its batter.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Corn laws</col>, <cd>laws regulating trade in corn, especially those in force in Great Britain till 1846, prohibiting the importation of foreign grain for home consumption, except when the price rose above a certain rate.</cd> -- <col>Corn marigold</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Marigold</er>.</cd> -- <col>Corn oyster</col>, <cd>a fritter containing grated green Indian corn and butter, the combined taste resembling that of oysters.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Corn parsley</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the parsley genus (<spn>Petroselinum ssegetum</spn>), a weed in parts of Europe and Asia.</cd> -- <col>Corn popper</col>, <cd>a utensil used in popping corn.</cd> -- <col>Corn poppy</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the red poppy (<spn>Papaver Rh\'d2as</spn>), common in European cornfields; -- also called <altname>corn rose</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Corn rent</col>, <cd>rent paid in corn.</cd> -- <col>Corn rose</col>. <cd>See <cref>Corn poppy</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Corn salad</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to several species of <spn>Valerianella</spn>, annual herbs sometimes used for salad. <spn>V. olitoria</spn> is also called <stype>lamb's lettuce</stype>.</cd> -- <col>Corn stone</col>, <cd>red limestone.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Corn violet</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of <spn>Campanula</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Corn weevil</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small weevil which causes great injury to grain.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In America, a weevil (<spn>Sphenophorus ze\'91</spn>) which attacks the stalk of maize near the root, often doing great damage. See <cref>Grain weevil</cref>, under <er>Weevil</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Corn</h1>
<Xpage=324>

<hw>Corn</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Corned</er> <tt>(k?rnd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Corning</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To preserve and season with salt in grains; to sprinkle with salt; to cure by salting; now, specifically, to salt slightly in brine or otherwise; <as>as, to <ex>corn</ex> beef; to <ex>corn</ex> a tongue.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form into small grains; to granulate; <as>as, to <ex>corn</ex> gunpowder</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To feed with corn or (in Sctland) oats; <as>as, to <ex>corn</ex> horses</as>.</def>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To render intoxicated; <as>as, ale strong enough to <ex>corn</ex> one</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Corning house</col>, <cd>a house or place where powder is corned or granulated.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cornage</h1>
<Xpage=324>

<hw>Cor"nage</hw> <tt>(k?r"n?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.,, horn-blowing, tax on horned cattle, fr. F.  <ets>corne</ets> a horn, L.  <ets>cornu</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Anancient tenure of land, which obliged the tenant to give notice of an invasion by blowing a horn.</def>

<h1>Cornamute</h1>
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<hw>Cor"na*mute</hw> <tt>(k?r"n?-m?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cornemuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cornbind</h1>
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<hw>Corn"bind`</hw> <tt>(k?rn"b?nd`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A weed that binds stalks of corn, as <spn>Convolvulus arvensis</spn>, <spn>Polygonum Convolvulus</spn>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Corncob</h1>
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<hw>Corn"cob`</hw> <tt>(k?rn"k?b`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The cob or axis on which the kernels of Indian corn grow.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Corncrake</h1>
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<hw>Corn"crake`</hw> <tt>(-kr?k`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird (<spn>Crex crex</spn> or <spn>C. pratensis</spn>) which frequents grain fields; the European crake or land rail; -- called also <altname>corn bird</altname>.</def>

<h1>Corncrib</h1>
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<hw>Corn"crib`</hw> <tt>(k?rn"kr?b`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A crib for storing corn.</def>

<h1>Corncutter</h1>
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<hw>Corn"cut`ter</hw> <tt>(-k?t`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A machine for cutting up stalks of corn for food of cattle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An implement consisting of a long blade, attached to a handle at nearly a right angle, used for cutting down the stalks of Indian corn.</def>

<h1>Corndodger</h1>
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<hw>Corn"dodg`er</hw> <tt>(-d?j`?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cake made of the meal of Indian corn, wrapped in a covering of husks or paper, and baked under the embers.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Cornea</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ne*a</hw> <tt>(k?r"n?-?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Corneas</plw> <tt>(-<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Fem. sing., fr. L. <ets>corneus</ets> horny, fr. <ets>cornu</ets> a horn. See <er>Horn</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The transparent part of the coat of the eyeball which covers the iris and pupil and admits light to the interior. See <er>Eye</er>.</def>

<h1>Corneal</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ne*al</hw> <tt>(-<it>al</it>)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the cornea.</def>

<h1>Cornel</h1>
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<hw>Cor"nel</hw> <tt>(-n?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.  <ets>cornille</ets>, <ets>cornoille</ets>, F.  <ets>cornouille</ets>, cornel berry, LL.  <ets>cornolium</ets> cornel tree, fr. L.  <ets>cornus</ets>, fr.  <ets>cornu</ets> horn, in allusion to the hardness of the wood. See <er>Horn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The cornelian cherry (<spn>Cornus Mas</spn>), a European shrub with clusters of small, greenish flowers, followed by very acid but edible drupes resembling cherries.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any species of the genus <spn>Cornus</spn>, as <spn>C. florida</spn>, the flowering cornel; <spn>C. stolonifera</spn>, the osier cornel; <spn>C. Canadensis</spn>, the dwarf cornel, or bunchberry.</def>

<h1>Cornelian</h1>
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<hw>Cor*nel"ian</hw> <tt>(k?r-n?ly<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>cornaline</ets>, OF.  <ets>corneline</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cornu</ets> horn. So called from its horny appearance when broken. See <er>Horn</er>, and cf. <er>Carnelian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Carnelian</er>.</def>

<h1>Cornemuse</h1>
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<hw>Corne"muse</hw> <tt>(k?rn"m?z)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A wind instrument nearly identical with the bagpipe.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Corneocalcareous</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ne*o*cal*ca"re*ous</hw> <tt>(k?rn?-?-k?l-k?"r?-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Formed of a mixture of horny and calcareous materials, as some shells and corals.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Horny on one side and calcareous on the other.</def>

<h1>Corneouss</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ne*ouss</hw> <tt>(-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>corneus</ets>, fr.  <ets>cornu</ets> horn.]</ety> <def>Of a texture resembling horn; horny; hard.</def>

<i> Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Corner</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ner</hw> <tt>(k?r"n?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>corniere</ets>, <ets>cornier</ets>, LL.  <ets>cornerium</ets>, <ets>corneria</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>cornu</ets> horn, end, point. See <er>Horn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The point where two converging lines meet; an angle, either external or internal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The space in the angle between converging lines or walls which meet in a point; <as>as, the chimney <ex>corner</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An edge or extremity; the part farthest from the center; hence, any quarter or part.</def>

<blockquote>From the four <b>corners</b> of the earth they come.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A secret or secluded place; a remote or out of the way place; a nook.</def>

<blockquote>This thing was not done in a <b>corner</b>.
<i>Acts xxvi. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Direction; quarter.</def>

<blockquote>Sits the wind in that <b>corner</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The state of things produced by a combination of persons, who buy up the whole or the available part of any stock or species of property, which compels those who need such stock or property to buy of them at their own price; <as>as, a <ex>corner</ex> in a railway stock</as>.</def> <mark>[Broker's Cant]</mark>

<cs><col>Corner stone</col>, <cd>the stone which lies at the corner of two walls, and unites them; the principal stone; especially, the stone which forms the corner of the foundation of an edifice; hence, that which is fundamental importance or indispensable. "A prince who regarded uniformity of faith as the <i>corner stone</i> of his government." <i>Prescott</i>.</cd> -- <col>Corner tooth</col>, <cd>one of the four teeth which come in a horse's mouth at the age of four years and a half, one on each side of the upper and of the lower jaw, between the middle teeth and the tushes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Corner</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ner</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cornered</er> <tt>(-n?rd)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cornering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To drive into a corner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To drive into a position of great difficaulty or hopeless embarrassment; <as>as, to <ex>corner</ex> a person in argument</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To get command of (a stock, commodity, etc.), so as to be able to put one's own price on it; <as>as, to <ex>corner</ex> the shares of a railroad stock; to <ex>corner</ex> petroleum.</as></def>

<h1>Cornercap</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ner*cap`</hw> <tt>(-k?p`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The chief ornament.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou makest the triumviry the <b>cornercap</b> of society.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cornered</h1>
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<hw>Cor"nered</hw> <tt>(-n?rd)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>1 Having corners or angles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a possition of great difficulty; brought to bay.</def>

<h1>Cornerwise</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ner*wise`</hw> <tt>(-w?z`)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With the corner in front; diagonally; not square.</def>

<h1>Cornet</h1>
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<hw>Cor"net</hw> <tt>(k?r"n?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>cornet</ets>, m. (for senses 1 & 2), <ets>cornette</ets>, f. & m. (for senses 3 & 4), dim. of <ets>corne horn</ets>, <ets>L</ets>.  <ets>cornu</ets>. See <er>Horn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An obsolete rude reed instrument (Ger. <i>Zinken</i>), of the oboe family.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A brass instrument, with cupped mouthpiece, and furnished with valves or pistons, now used in bands, and, in place of the trumpet, in orchestras.</cd> See <er>Cornet-\'85-piston</er>. <sd>(c)</sd> A certain organ stop or register.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cap of paper twisted at the end, used by retailers to inclose small wares.</def>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A troop of cavalry; -- so called from its being accompanied by a cornet player.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A body of five <i>cornets</i> of horse." <i>Clarendon</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The standard of such a troop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The lowest grade of commissioned officer in a British cavalry troop, who carried the standard. The office was abolished in 1871.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A headdress</def>: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A square cap anciently worn as a mark of certain professions.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A part of a woman's headdress, in the 16th century.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <ety>[Cf.  <er>Coronet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>See <er>Coronet</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Cornet-\'85-piston</h1>
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<hw>Cor"net-\'85-pis`ton</hw> <tt>(k?r"n?t-?-p?s"t?n; F. k?r`n?`?p?s`<er>t?n</er>")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cornets-\'85-piston</plw>.</plu> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A brass wind instrument, like the trumpet, furnished with valves moved by small pistons or sliding rods; a cornopean; a cornet.</def>

<h1>Cornetcy</h1>
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<hw>Cor"net*cy</hw> <tt>(k?r"n?t-s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The commission or rank of a cornet.</def>

<h1>Corneter</h1>
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<hw>Cor"net*er</hw> <tt>(k?r"n?t-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who blows a cornet.</def>

<h1>Corneule</h1>
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<hw>Cor"neule</hw> <tt>(k?r"n?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>corn<?/e</ets> the cornea.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the corneas of a compound eye in the invertebrates.</def>

<i>Carpenter.</i>

<h1>Cornfield</h1>
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<hw>Corn"field`</hw> <tt>(k?rn"f?ld`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A field where corn is or has been growing; -- in England, a field of wheat, rye, barley, or oats; in America, a field of Indian corn.</def>

<h1>Cornfloor</h1>
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<hw>Corn"floor`</hw> <tt>(-fl?r`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thrashing floor.</def>

<i>Hos. ix. 1.</i>

<h1>Cornflower</h1>
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<hw>Corn"flow`er</hw> <tt>(-flou`?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A conspicuous wild flower (<spn>Centaurea Cyanus</spn>), growing in grainfields.</def>

<h1>Cornic</h1>
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<hw>Cor"nic</hw> <tt>(k?r"n?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, the dogwood (<spn>Cornus florida</spn>).</def>

<h1>Cornice</h1>
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<hw>Cor"nice</hw> <tt>(k?r"n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>corniche</ets>, It. <ets>cornice</ets>, LL. <ets>coronix</ets>, <ets>cornix</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>coronis</ets> a curved line, a flourish with the pen at the end of a book or chapter, Gr. <?/<?/<?/; akin to L.  <ets>corona</ets> crown. sEE <er>Crown</er>, and cf.  <er>Coronis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Any horizontal, molded or otherwise decorated projection which crowns or finishes the part to which it is affixed; <as>as, the <ex>cornice</ex> of an order, pedestal, door, window, or house</as>.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<cs><col>Cornice ring</col>, <cd>the ring on a cannon next behind the muzzle ring.</cd></cs>

<h1>Corniced</h1>
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<hw>Cor"niced</hw> <tt>(k?r"n?st)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a cornice.</def>

<h1>Cornicle</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ni*cle</hw> <tt>(k?r"n?-k'l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corniculum</ets>, dim. of <ets>cornu</ets> horn.]</ety> <def>A little horn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Cornicular</h1>
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<hw>Cor*nic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(-l?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>cornicularius</ets>.]</ety> <def>A secretary or clerk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Cor/niculate</h1>
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<hw>Cor/nic"u*late</hw> <tt>(k?r-n?k"?-l?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>corniculatus</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Horned; having horns.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having processes resembling small horns.</def>

<h1>Corniculum</h1>
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<hw>Cor*nic"u*lum</hw> <tt>(k?r-n?k"?-l?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.  <plw>Cornicula</plw> <tt>(-l<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L.  <ets>corniculum</ets> little horn.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A small hornlike part or process.</def>

<h1>Corniferous</h1>
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<hw>Cor*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(k?r-n?f"?r-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>cornu</ets> horn + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the lowest period of the Devonian age.(See the Diagram, under <er>Geology</er>.) The <i>Corniferous period</i> has been so called from the numerous seams of <i>hornstone</i> which characterize the later part of the period, as developed in the State of New York.</def>

<h1>Cornific</h1>
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<hw>Cor*nif"ic</hw> <tt>(k?r-n?f"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>cornu</ets> horn +  <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Producing horns; forming horn.</def>

<h1>Cornification</h1>
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<hw>Cor`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(k?r`n?-f?-k?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Conversion into, or formation of, horn; a becoming like horn.</def>

<h1>Cornified</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ni*fied</hw> <tt>(k?r"n?-f?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>cornu</ets> horn +  <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Converted into horn; horny.</def>

<h1>Corniform</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ni*form</hw> <tt>(-f?rm)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>cornu</ets> horn +  <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the shape of a horn; horn-shaped.</def>

<h1>Cornigerous</h1>
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<hw>Cor*nig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(k?r-n?j"?r-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>corniger</ets>; <ets>cornu</ets> horn +  <ets>gerere</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Horned; having horns; <as>as, <ex>cornigerous</ex> animals</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Cornin</h1>
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<hw>Cor"nin</hw> <tt>(k?r"n?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bitter principle obtained from dogwood (<spn>Cornus florida</spn>), as a white crystalline substance; -- called also <altname>cornic acid</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An extract from dogwood used as a febrifuge.</def>

<h1>Corniplume</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ni*plume</hw> <tt>(k?r"n?-pl?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>cornu</ets> horn +  <ets>pluma</ets> feather.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hornlike tuft of feathers on the head of some birds.</def>

<h1>Cornish</h1>
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<hw>Cor"nish</hw> <tt>(k?r"n?sh)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Cornwall, in England.</def>

<cs><col>Cornish chough</col>. <cd>See <er>Chough</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cornish engine</col>, <cd>a single-acting pumping engine, used in mines, in Cornwall and elsewhere, and for water works. A heavy pump rod or plunger, raised by the steam, forces up the water by its weight, in descending.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cornish</h1>
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<hw>Cor"nish</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The dialect, or the people, of Cornwall.</def>

<h1>Cornist</h1>
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<hw>Cor"nist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A performer on the cornet or horn.</def>

<h1>Cornloft</h1>
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<hw>Corn"loft`</hw> <tt>(k?rn"l?ft`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A loft for corn; a granary.</def>

<h1>Cornmuse</h1>
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<hw>Corn"muse</hw> <tt>(-m?z)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cornemuse.</def>

<h1>Corno di bassetto</h1>
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<hw>Cor"no di bas*set"to</hw> <tt>(k?r"n? d? b?s-s?t"t? &or; b?s-s?t"t?)</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Corni <tt>(-n<?/)</tt> di basseto</plw>.</plu> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A tenor clarinet; -- called also <altname>basset horn</altname>, and sometimes confounded with the <i>English horn</i>, which is a tenor oboe.</def>

<h1>Corno Inglese</h1>
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<hw>Cor"no In*gle"se</hw> <tt>(?n-gl?"z?)</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Corni Inglesi</plw> <tt>(-z<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A reed instrument, related to the oboe, but deeper in pitch; the English horn.</def>

<h1>Cornopean</h1>
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<hw>Cor*no"pe*an</hw> <tt>(k?r-n?"p?-<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An obsolete name for the cornet-\'85-piston.</def>

<h1>Cornsheller</h1>
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<hw>Corn"shell`er</hw> <tt>(k?rn"sh?l`?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A machine that separates the kernels of corn from the cob.</def>

<h1>Cornshuck</h1>
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<hw>Corn"shuck`</hw> <tt>(-sh?k`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The husk covering an ear of Indian corn.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Cornstalk</h1>
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<hw>Corn"stalk`</hw> <tt>(-st?k`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stalk of Indian corn.</def>

<h1>Cornstarch</h1>
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<hw>Corn"starch`</hw> <tt>(-st?rch`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Starch made from Indian corn, esp. a fine white flour used for puddings, etc.</def>

<h1>Cornu</h1>
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<hw>Cor"nu</hw> <tt>(k?r"n?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cornua</plw> <tt>(-n<?/-<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A horn, or anything shaped like or resembling a horn.</def>

<h1>Cornu Ammonis</h1>
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<hw>Cor"nu Am*mo"nis</hw> <tt>(?m-m?"n?s)</tt>; <plu>pl.  <plw>Cornua Ammonis</plw></plu>. <ety>[L., horn of Ammon. See <er>Ammonite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil shell, curved like a ram's horn; an obsolete name for an ammonite.</def>

<hr>
<page="325">
Page 325<p>

<h1>Cornucopia</h1>
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<hw>Cor`nu*co"pi*a</hw> <tt>(k?r`n?-k?"p?-?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cornucopias</plw> <tt>(-<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>cornu copiae</ets> horn of plenty. See <er>Horn</er>, and <er>Copious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The horn of plenty, from which fruits and flowers are represented as issuing. It is an emblem of abundance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of grasses bearing spikes of flowers resembling the cornucopia in form.</def>

<note>&hand; Some writers maintain that this word should be written, in the singular, <i>cornu copi\'91</i>, and in the plural, <i>cornua copi\'91</i>.</note>

<h1>Cornute krnt &or; kr-nt, Cornuted</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cor"nute</hw> <tt>(k?r"n?t &or; k?r-n?t")</tt>, <hw>Cor*nut"ed</hw> <tt>(k?r-n?"t?d)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>cornutus</ets> horned, from <ets>cornu</ets> horn.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bearing horns; horned; horn-shaped.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cuckolded.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "My being <i>cornuted</i>."

<i>LEstrange.</i>

<h1>Cornute</h1>
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<hw>Cor*nute"</hw> <tt>(k?r-n?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bestow horns upon; to make a cuckold of; to cuckold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Cornuto</h1>
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<hw>Cor*nu"to</hw> <tt>(k?r-n?"t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. L.  <ets>cornutus</ets> horned.]</ety> <def>A man that wears the horns; a cuckold.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cornutor</h1>
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<hw>Cor*nu"tor</hw> <tt>(-t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cuckold maker.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jordan.</i>

<h1>Corny</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ny</hw> <tt>(k?r"n?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>cornu</ets> horn.]</ety> <def>Strong, stiff, or hard, like a horn; resembling horn.</def>

<blockquote>Up stood the <b>cornu</b> reed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Corny</h1>
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<hw>Corn"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Producing corn or grain; furnished with grains of corn.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>corny</i> ear."

<i>Prior.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Containing corn; tasting well of malt.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A draught of moist and <b>corny</b> ale.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Tipsy.</def> <mark>[Vulgar, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Forby.</i>

<h1>Corocore</h1>
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<hw>Cor"o*core</hw> <tt>(k?r"?-k?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of boat of various forms, used in the Indian Archipelago.</def>

<h1>Corody</h1>
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<hw>Cor"o*dy</hw> <tt>(k?r"?-d?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>corrodium</ets>, <ets>corredium</ets>, <ets>conredium</ets>, furniture, provision: cf. OF.  <ets>conroi</ets>. <ets>See</ets> <er>Curry</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>An allowance of meat, drink, or clothing due from an abbey or other religious house for the sustenance of such of the king's servants as he may designate to receive it.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>corrody</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Corol</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ol</hw> <tt>(k?r"?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A corolla.</def>

<h1>Corolla</h1>
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<hw>Co*rol"la</hw> <tt>(k?-r?l"l?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>corolla</ets> a little crown or garland, dim. of <ets>corona</ets>. See <er>Crown</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The inner envelope of a flower; the part which surrounds the organs of fructification, consisting of one or more leaves, called <i>petals</i>. It is usually distinguished from the calyx by the fineness of its texture and the gayness of its colors. See the Note under <er>Blossom</er>.</def>

<h1>Corollaceous</h1>
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<hw>Cor`ol*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(k?r`?l-l?"sh?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a corolla; having the form or texture of a corolla.</def>

<h1>Corollary</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ol*la*ry</hw> <tt>(k?r"?l-l?-r?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Corollaries</plw> <tt>(-r<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L.  <ets>corollarium</ets> gift, corollary, fr.  <ets>corolla</ets>. See <er>Corolla</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is given beyond what is actually due, as a garland of flowers in addition to wages; surplus; something added or superfluous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Now come, my Ariel; bring a <b>corollary</b>,
Rather than want a spirit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Something which follows from the demonstration of a proposition; an additional inference or deduction from a demonstrated proposition; a consequence.</def>

<h1>Corollate krl-lt, Corollated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cor"ol*late</hw> <tt>(k?r"?l-l?t)</tt>, <hw>Cor"ol*la`ted</hw> <tt>(-l?`t?d)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a corolla or corollas; like a corolla.</def>

<h1>Corollet</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ol*let</hw> <tt>(k?r"?l-l?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>  <ety>[Dim. fr.  <ets>corolla</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A floret in an aggregate flower.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Martyn.</i>

<h1>Corollifloral k-rll-flr<it>a</it>l, Corolliflorous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Co*rol`li*flo"ral</hw> <tt>(k?-r?l`l?-fl?"r<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <hw>Co*rol`li*flo"rous</hw> <tt>(-fl?"r?s)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt>  <ety>[<ets>Corolla</ets> + L.  <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the stamens borne on the petals, and the latter free from the calyx. Compare <er>Calycifloral</er> and <er>Thalamifloral</er>.</def>

<h1>Corolline</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ol*line</hw> <tt>(-l?n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a corolla.</def>

<h1>Coromandel</h1>
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<hw>Cor`o*man"del</hw> <tt>(k?r`?-m?n"d<it>e</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The west coast, or a portion of the west coast, of the Bay of Bengal.</def>

<cs><col>Coromandel gooseberry</col>. <cd>See <er>Carambola</er>.</cd> -- <col>Coromandel wood</col>, <cd>Calamander wood.</cd></cs>

<h1>Corona</h1>
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<hw>Co*ro"na</hw> <tt>(k?-r?"n?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L.  <plw>Coron\'91</plw> (-n<?/), E.  <plw>Coronas</plw> <tt>(-n<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>corona</ets> crown. See <er>Crown</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A crown or garland bestowed among the Romans as a reward for distinguished services.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The projecting part of a Classic cornice, the under side of which is cut with a recess or channel so as to form a drip. See <i>Illust. of <er>Column</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The upper surface of some part, as of a tooth or the skull; a crown.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The shelly skeleton of a sea urchin.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>A peculiar luminous apearance, or aureola, which surrounds the sun, and which is seen only when the sun is totally eclipsed by the moon.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An inner appendage to a petal or a corolla, often forming a special cup, as in the daffodil and jonquil.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any crownlike appendage at the top of an organ.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Meteorol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A circle, usually colored, seen in peculiar states of the atmosphere around and close to a luminous body, as the sun or moon.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A peculiar phase of the <i>aurora borealis</i>, formed by the concentration or convergence of luminous beams around the point in the heavens indicated by the direction of the dipping needle.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A crown or circlet suspended from the roof or vaulting of churches, to hold tapers lighted on solemn occasions. It is sometimes formed of double or triple circlets, arranged pyramidically. Called also <altname>corona lucis</altname>.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A character [&pause;]  called the <altname>pause</altname> or <altname>hold</altname>.</def>

<h1>Coronach</h1>
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<hw>Cor"o*nach</hw> <tt>(k?r"?-n?k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Coranach</er>.</def>

<h1>Coronal</h1>
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<hw>Cor"o*nal</hw> <tt>(k?r"?-n<it>a</it>l &or;, <it>esp. in science</it>, k?-r?"n<it>a</it>l; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coronalis</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>coronal</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a corona (in any of the senses).</def>

<blockquote>The <b>coronal</b> light during the eclipse is faint.
<i>Abney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a king's crown, or coronation.</def>

<blockquote>The law and his <b>coronal</b> oath require his undeniable assent to what laws the Parliament agree upon.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the top of the head or skull.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the shell of a sea urchin.</def>

<cs><col>Coronal suture</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a suture extending across the skull between the parietal and frontal bones; the <i>frontoparietal</i> suture.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coronal</h1>
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<hw>Cor"o*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A crown; wreath; garland.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The frontal bone, over which the ancients wore their coron\'91 or garlands.</def>

<i>Hooper.</i>

<h1>Coronamen</h1>
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<hw>Cor`o*na"men</hw> <tt>(k?r`-n?"m?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a crowning.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The upper margin of a hoof; a coronet.</def>

<h1>Coronary</h1>
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<hw>Cor"o*na*ry</hw> <tt>(k?r"?-n?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coronarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>coronaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a crown; ferming, or adapted to form, a crown or garland.</def> "<i>Coronary</i> thorns."

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<blockquote>The catalogue of <b>coronary</b> plants is not large in Theophrastus.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Resembling, or situated like, a crown or circlet; <as>as, the <ex>coronary</ex> arteries and veins of the heart</as>.</def>

<h1>Coronary</h1>
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<hw>Cor"o*na*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small bone in the foot of a horse.</def>

<h1>Coronate kr-nt, Coronated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cor"o*nate</hw> <tt>(k?r"?-n?t)</tt>, <hw>Cor"o*na`ted</hw> <tt>(-n?`t?ed)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coronatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>coronare</ets> to crown, fr. <ets>corona</ets>. See <er>Crown</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having or wearing a crown.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the coronal feathers lengthened or otherwise distinguished; -- said of birds.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Girt about the spire with a row of tubercles or spines; -- said of spiral shells.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having a crest or a crownlike appendage.</def>

<h1>Coronation</h1>
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<hw>Cor`o*na"tion</hw> <tt>(k?r`?-n?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Coronate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or solemnity of crowning a sovereign; the act of investing a prince with the insignia of royalty, on his succeeding to the sovereignty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The pomp or assembly at a coronation.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Coronel</h1>
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<hw>Coro"nel</hw> <tt>(k?r"n<it>e</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Colonel</er>.]</ety> <def>A colonel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Coronel</h1>
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<hw>Cor"o*nel</hw> <tt>(k?r"?-n?l &or; k?r"n?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cronel</er>, <er>Crown</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>The iron head of a tilting spear, divided into two, three, or four blunt points.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cronel</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Grose.</i>

<h1>Coroner</h1>
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<hw>Cor"o*ner</hw> <tt>(k?r"?-n?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From OE. <ets>coronen</ets> to crown, OF. <ets>coroner</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>coronare</ets>, fr. <ets>corona</ets> crown. Formed as a translation of LL. <ets>coronator</ets> coroner, fr. L. <ets>corona</ets> crown, the coroner having been originally a prosecuting officer of the crown. See <er>Crown</er>.]</ety> <def>An officer of the peace whose principal duty is to inquire, with the help of a jury, into the cause of any violent, sudden or mysterious death, or death in prison, usually on sight of the body and at the place where the death occurred.</def> <altsp>[In England formerly also written and pronounced <asp>crowner</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; In some of the United States the office of <i>coroner</i> is abolished, that of <i>medical examiner</i> taking its place.</note>

<cs><col>Coroner's inquest</col>. <cd>See under <er>Inquest</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coronet</h1>
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<hw>Cor"o*net</hw> <tt>(k?r"?-n?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of OE. <ets>corone</ets> crown; cf. OF. <ets>coronete</ets>. See <er>Crown</er>, and cf. <er>Crownet</er>, <er>Cronet</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An ornamental or honorary headdress, having the shape and character of a crown; particularly, a crown worn as the mark of high rank lower than sovereignty. The word is used by Shakespeare to denote also a kingly crown.</def>

<blockquote>Without a star, a <b>coronet</b>, or garter.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The <i>coronet</i> of the Prince of Wales consist of a circlet of gold with four crosses <i>patt\'82e</i> around the edge between as many <i>fleurs-de-lis</i>. The center crosses are connected by an arch which is surmounted by a globe or cross. The <i>coronet</i> of a British duke is adorned with strawberry leaves; that of a marquis has leaves with pearls interposed; that of an earl raises the pearls above the leaves; that of a viscount is surrounded with pearls only; that of a baron has only four pearls.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>The upper part of a horse's hoof, where the horn terminates in skin.</def>

<i>James White.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>The iron head of a tilting spear; a coronel.</def>

<i>Crose.</i>

<h1>Coroneted</h1>
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<hw>Cor"o*net*ed</hw> <tt>(-n?t-?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Wearing, or entitled to wear, a coronet; of noble birth or rank.</def>

<h1>Coroniform</h1>
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<hw>Co*ron"i*form</hw> <tt>(k?-r?n"?-f?rm &or; k?-r?"n?-)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corona</ets> crown + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a crown or coronet; resembling a crown.</def>

<h1>Coronilla</h1>
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<hw>Cor`o*nil"la</hw> <tt>(k?r`?-n?l"l?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>corona</ets> crown: cf. F. <ets>coronille</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants related to the clover, having their flowers arranged in little heads or tufts resembling coronets.</def>

<h1>Coronis</h1>
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<hw>Co*ro"nis</hw> <tt>(k?-r?"n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ anything curved. See <er>Cornice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In Greek grammar, a sign ['] sometimes placed over a contracted syllable.</def>

<i>W. W. Goodwin.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The curved line or flourish at the end of a book or chapter; hence, the end.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hacket.</i>

<h1>Coronoid</h1>
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<hw>Cor"o*noid</hw> <tt>(k?r"?-noid)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ crow + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>corono<?/de</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Resembling the beak of a crow; <as>as, the <ex>coronoid</ex> process of the jaw, or of the ulna</as>.</def>

<h1>Coronule</h1>
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<hw>Cor"o*nule</hw> <tt>(k?r"?-n?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coronula</ets>, dim. of <ets>corona</ets> crown.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A coronet or little crown of a seed; the downy tuft on seeds. See <er>Pappus</er>.</def>

<i>Martyn.</i>

<h1>Coroun</h1>
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<hw>Co*roun"</hw> <tt>(k?-roun")</tt>, <tt>v. & n.</tt> <def>Crown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Corozo Corosso</h1>
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<hw><hw>Co*ro"zo</hw> <hw>Co*ros"so</hw><hw> <tt>(k?-r?"th? &or; -s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>cerozo</ets> a kind of palm tree.]</ety> <def>The name in Central America for the seed of a true palm; also, a commercial name for the true ivory nut. See <er>Ivory nut</er>.</def>

<h1>Corporace</h1>
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<hw>Cor"po*race</hw> <tt>(k?r"p?-r?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Corporas</er>.</def>

<h1>Corporal</h1>
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<hw>Cor"po*ral</hw> <tt>(k?r"p?-r<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. F. <ets>caporal</ets>, It. <ets>caporale</ets>, fr. <ets>capo</ets> head, chief, L. <ets>caput</ets>. See <er>Chief</er>, and cf. <er>Caporal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A noncommissioned officer, next below a sergeant. In the United States army he is the lowest noncomissioned officer in a company of infantry. He places and relieves sentinels.</def>

<cs><col>Corporal's guard</col>, <cd>a detachment such as would be in charge of a corporal for guard duty, etc.; hence, derisively, a very small number of persons.</cd> -- <col>Lance corporal</col>, <cd>an assistant corporal on private's pay. <i>Farrow</i>.</cd> -- <col>Ship's corporal</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a petty officer who assists the master at arms in his various duties.</cd></cs>

<h1>Corporal</h1>
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<hw>Cor"po*ral</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corporalis</ets>, fr. <ets>corpus</ets> body. See <er>Corpse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging or relating to the body; bodily.</def> "Past <i>corporal</i> toil."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Pillories and other <b>corporal</b> infections.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Corporal punishment</col> <fld>(law)</fld>, <cd>punishment applied to the body of the offender, including the death penalty, whipping, and imprisonment.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a body or substance; not spiritual; material. In this sense now usually written <i>corporeal</i>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>corporal</b> heaven . . . .where the stare are.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What seemed <b>corporal</b> melted
As breath into the wind.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Corporal</er>, <er>Bodily</er>, <er>Corporeal</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Bodily</i> is opposed to <i>mental</i>; as, <i>bodily</i> affections. <i>Corporeal</i> refers to the whole physical structure or nature, of the body; as, <i>corporeal</i> substance or frame. <i>Corporal</i>, as now used, refers more to punishment or some infliction; as, <i>corporal</i> punishment. To speak of <i>corporeal</i> punishment is an error. <i>Bodily</i> austerities; the <i>corporeal</i> mold.</usage>

<h1>Corporal krp-r<it>a</it>l, Corporale</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cor"po*ral</hw> <tt>(k?r"p?-r<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <hw>Cor`po*ra"le</hw> <tt>(-r?"l?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>corporale</ets>: cf.F. <ets>corporal</ets>. See <er>Corporal</er>,<tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A fine linen cloth, on which the sacred elements are consecrated in the eucharist, or with which they are covered; a communion cloth.</def>

<cs><col>Corporal oath</col>, <cd>a solemn oath; -- so called from the fact that it was the ancient usage for the party taking it to touch the corporal, or cloth that covered the consecrated elements.</cd></cs>

<h1>Corporality</h1>
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<hw>Cor`po*ral"i*ty</hw> <tt>(k?r`p?-r?l"l?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>: <plu>pl. <plw>Corporalities</plw> <tt>(-t<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L.  <ets>corporalitas</ets>: cf. F.<ets>corporalit<?/</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being or having a body; bodily existence; corporeality; -- opposed to <i>spirituality</i>.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A confraternity; a guild.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Corporally</h1>
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<hw>Cor"po*ral*ly</hw> <tt>(k?r"p?-r<it>a</it>l-ly)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In or with the body; bodily; <as>as, to be <ex>corporally</ex> present</as>.</def>

<i>Sharp.</i>

<h1>Corporalship</h1>
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<hw>Cor"po*ral*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A corporal's office.</def>

<h1>Corporas</h1>
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<hw>Cor"po*ras</hw> <tt>(k?r"p?-r?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prop. pl. of <ets>corporal</ets>.]</ety> <def>The corporal, or communion cloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Corporate</h1>
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<hw>Cor"po*rate</hw> <tt>(k?r"p?-r?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corporatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>corporare</ets> to shape into a body, fr.  <ets>corpus</ets> body. See <er>Corpse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Formed into a body by legal enactment; united in an association, and endowed by law with the rights and liabilities of an individual; incorporated; <as>as, a <ex>corporate</ex> town</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Belonging to a corporation or incorporated body.</def> "<i>Corporate</i> property."

<i>Hallam.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>United; general; collectively one.</def>

<blockquote>They answer in a joint and <b>corporate</b> voice.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Corporate member</col>, <cd>an actual or voting member of a corporation, as distinguished from an associate or an honorary member; as, a <i>corporate member</i> of the American Board.</cd></cs>

<h1>Corporate</h1>
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<hw>Cor"po*rate</hw> <tt>(-r?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To incorporate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Stow.</i>

<h1>Corporate</h1>
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<hw>Cor"po*rate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become incorporated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Corporately</h1>
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<hw>Cor"po*rate*ly</hw> <tt>(-r?t-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a corporate capacity; acting as a coprporate body.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In, or as regarda, the body.</def>

<i>Fabyan.</i>

<h1>Corporation</h1>
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<hw>Cor`po*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(k?r`p?-r?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>corporatio</ets> incarnation: cf. F. <ets>corporation</ets> corporation.]</ety> <def>A body politic or corporate, formed and authorized by law to act as a single person, and endowed by law with the capacity of succession; a society having the capacity of transacting business as an individual.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Corporations</i> are <i>aggregate</i> or <i>sole</i>. <i>Corporations aggregate</i> consist of two or more persons united in a society, which is preserved by a succession of members, either forever or till the corporation is dissolved by the power that formed it, by the death of all its members, by surrender of its charter or franchises, or by forfeiture. Such corporations are the mayor and aldermen of cities, the head and fellows of a college, the dean and chapter of a cathedral church, the stockholders of a bank or insurance company, etc. A <i>corporation sole</i> consists of a single person, who is made a body corporate and politic, in order to give him some legal capacities, and especially that of succession, which as a natural person he can not have. Kings, bishops, deans, parsons, and vicars, are in England sole corporations. A fee will not pass to a corporation sole without the word "successors" in the grant. There are instances in the United States of a minister of a parish seized of parsonage lands in the right of his parish, being a corporation sole, as in Massachusetts. <i>Corporations</i> are sometimes classified as <i>public</i> and <i>private</i>; <i>public</i> being convertible with <i>municipal</i>, and <i>private corporations</i> being all corporations not municipal.</note>

<cs><col>Close corporation</col>. <cd>See under <er>Close</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Corporator</h1>
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<hw>Cor"po*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(k?r"p?-r?`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A member of a corporation, esp. one of the original members.</def>

<h1>Corporature</h1>
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<hw>Cor"po*ra*ture</hw> <tt>(k?r"p?-r?-t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being embodied; bodily existence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Corporeal</h1>
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<hw>Cor*po"re*al</hw> <tt>(k?r-p?"r?-a]/>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corporeus</ets>, fr.  <ets>corpus</ets> body.]</ety> <def>Having a body; consisting of, or pertaining to, a material body or substance; material; -- opposed to <i>spiritual</i> or <i>immaterial</i>.</def>

<blockquote>His omnipotence
That to <b>corporeal</b> substance could add
Speed almost spiritual.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Corporeal property</col>, <cd>such as may be seen and handled (as opposed to <i>incorporeal</i>, which can not be seen or handled, and exists only in contemplation).</cd></cs>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Corporal; bodily. See <er>Corporal</er>.</syn>

<h1>Corporealism</h1>
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<hw>Cor*po"re*al*ism</hw> <tt>(-?z'm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Materialism.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<hr>
<page="326">
Page 326<p>

<h1>Corporealist</h1>
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<hw>Cor*po"re*al*ist</hw> <tt>(k?r-p?"r?-a]/>l-?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who denies the reality of spiritual existences; a materialist.</def>

<blockquote>Some <b>corporealists</b> pretended . . . to make a world without a God.
<i>Bp. Berkeley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Corporeality</h1>
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<hw>Cor*po`re*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(-?l"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>: <plu>pl. <plw>Corporealities</plw> <tt>(-t<?/z)</tt>. </plu>The state of being corporeal; corporeal existence.</def>

<h1>Corporeally</h1>
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<hw>Cor*po"re*al*ly</hw> <tt>(k?r-p?"r?-a]/>l-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the body; in a bodily form or manner.</def>

<h1>Corporealness</h1>
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<hw>Cor*po"re*al*ness</hw> <tt>(-n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Corporeality; corporeity.</def>

<h1>Corporeity</h1>
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<hw>Cor`po*re"i*ty</hw> <tt>(k?r`p?-r?"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.  <ets>corporeitas</ets>:  cf. F. <ets>corpor<?/it<?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of having a body; the state of being corporeal; materiality.</def>

<blockquote>The one attributed <b>corporeity</b> to God.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those who deny light to be matter, do not therefore deny its <b>corporeity</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Corporify</h1>
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<hw>Cor*por"i*fy</hw> <tt>(k?r-p?r"?-f?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>corpus</ets> body + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>corporifier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To embody; to form into a body.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Corposant</h1>
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<hw>Cor"po*sant</hw> <tt>(k?r"p?-z?nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>corpo santo</ets> holy body.]</ety> <def>St. Elmo's fire. See under <er>Saint</er>.</def>

<h1>Corps</h1>
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<hw>Corps</hw> <tt>(k?r, <it>pl.</it> k?rz)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L.  <ets>corpus</ets> body. See <er>Corpse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The human body, whether living or dead. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Corpse</er>, 1.</def>

<blockquote>By what craft in my <b>corps</b>, it cometh [commences] and where.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A body of men; esp., an organized division of the military establishment; <as>as, the marine <ex>corps</ex>; the <ex>corps</ex> of topographical engineers</as>; specifically, an army corps.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>corps</b> operating with an army should consist of three divisions of the line, a brigade of artillery, and a regiment of cavalry.
<i>Gen. Upton (U. S. Tactics. )</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A body or code of laws.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The whole <b>corps</b> of the law.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The land with which a prebend or other ecclesiastical office is endowed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The prebendaries over and above their reserved rents have a <b>corps</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Army corps</col>, &or; (French) <col>Corps d'arm\'82e</col> <tt>(k<?/r` d<?/r`m<?/")</tt>, <cd>a body containing two or more divisions of a large army, organized as a complete army in itself.</cd> -- <col>Corps de logis</col> <tt>(k<?/r" d<i>e<i> l<?/`zh<?/")</tt> <ety>[F., body of the house]</ety>, <cd>the principal mass of a building, considered apart from its wings.</cd> -- <col>Corps diplomatique</col> <tt>(k<?/r d<?/`pl<?/`m<?/-t<?/k")</tt> <ety>[F., diplomatic body]</ety>, <cd>the body of ministers or envoys accredited to a government.</cd></cs>

<h1>Corpse</h1>
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<hw>Corpse</hw> <tt>(k?rps)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.  <ets>cors</ets> (sometimes written <ets>corps</ets>), F.  <ets>corps</ets>, L.  <ets>corpus</ets>; akin to AS.  <ets>hrif</ets> womb. See <er>Midriff</er>, and cf. <er>Corse</er>, <er>Corselet</er>, <er>Corps</er>, <er>Cuerpo</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A human body in general, whether living or dead; -- sometimes contemptuosly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; Formerly written (after the French form) <i>corps</i>. See <er>Corps</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The dead body of a human being; -- used also Fig.</def>

<blockquote>He touched the dead <b>corpse</b> of Public Credit, and it sprung upon its feet.
<i>D. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Corpse candle</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A thick candle formerly used at a lich wake, or the customary watching with a corpse on the night before its interment. <sd>(b)</sd> A luminous appearance, resembling the flame of a candle, sometimes seen in churchyards and other damp places, superstitiously regarded as portending death.</cd> -- <col>Corpse gate</col>, <cd>the gate of a burial place through which the dead are carried, often having a covered porch; -- called also <altname>lich gate</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Corpulence krp-l<it>e</it>ns, Corpulency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cor"pu*lence</hw> <tt>(k?r"p?-l<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <hw>Cor"pu*len*cy</hw> <tt>(k?r"p?-l<it>e</it>n-s?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corpulentia</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>corpulence</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Excessive fatness; fleshiness; obesity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Thickness; density; compactness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The heaviness and <b>corpulency</b> of water requiring a great force to divide it.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Corpulent</h1>
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<hw>Cor"pu*lent</hw> <tt>(-p?-l<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>corpulentus</ets>, fr. <ets>corpus</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>corpulent</ets>. See <er>Corpse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Very fat; obese.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Solid; gross; opaque.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Stout; fleshy; bulky; obese. See <er>Stout</er>.</syn>

<h1>Corpulently</h1>
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<hw>Cor"pu*lent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a corpulent manner.</def>

<h1>Corpus</h1>
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<hw>Cor"pus</hw> <tt>(-p?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Corpora</plw> <tt>(-p<?/-r<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A body, living or dead; the corporeal substance of a thing.</def>

<cs><col>Corpus callosum</col> <tt>(k<?/l-l<?/"s<?/m)</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Corpora callosa</plw> (-s<?/)</plu> <ety>[NL., callous body]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the great band of commissural fibers uniting the cerebral hemispheries. See <er>Brain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Corpus Christi</col> <tt>(kr<?/s"t<?/)</tt> <ety>[L., body of Christ]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>a festival in honor of the eucharist, observed on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday.</cd> -- <col>Corpus Christi cloth</col>. <cd>Same as <i>Pyx cloth</i>, under <er>Pyx</er>.</cd> -- <col>Corpus delicti</col> <tt>(d<?/-l<?/k"t<?/)</tt> <ety>[L., the body of the crime]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the substantial and fundamental fact of the comission of a crime; the proofs essential to establish a crime.</cd> -- <col>Corpus luteum</col> <tt>(l<?/"t<?/-<?/m)</tt>; <plu>pl.  <plw>Corpora lutea</plw> <tt>(-<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., luteous body]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the reddish yellow mass which fills a ruptured Grafian follicle in the mammalian ovary.</cd> -- <col>Corpus striatum</col> <tt>(str<?/<?/"t<?/m)</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Corpora striata</plw> <tt>(-t<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., striate body]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a ridge in the wall of each lateral ventricle of the brain.</cd></cs>

<h1>Corpuscle</h1>
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<hw>Cor"pus*cle</hw> <tt>(-p?s-s'l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>corpusculum</ets>, dim. of <ets>corpus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A minute particle; an atom; a molecule.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A protoplasmic animal cell; esp., such as float free, like blood, lymph, and pus <i>corpuscles</i>; or such as are imbedded in an intercellular matrix, like connective tissue and cartilage <i>corpuscles</i>.  See <er>Blood</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Virchow showed that the <b>corpuscles</b> of bone are homologous with those of connective tissue.
<i>Quain's Anat.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Red blood corpuscles</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>in man, yellowish, biconcave, circular discs varying from <fract>1/3500</fract> to <fract>1/3200</fract> of an inch in diameter and about <fract>1/12400</fract> of an inch thick. They are composed of a colorless stroma filled in with semifluid h\'91moglobin and other matters. In most mammals the red corpuscles are circular, but in the camels, birds, reptiles, and the lower vertebrates generally, they are oval, and sometimes more or less spherical in form. In Amphioxus, and most invertebrates, the blood corpuscles are all white or colorless.</cd> -- <col>White blood corpuscles</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>rounded, slightly flattened, nucleated cells, mainly protoplasmic in composition, and possessed of contractile power. In man, the average size is about <fract>1/2500</fract> of an inch, and they are present in blood in much smaller numbers than the red corpuscles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Corpuscular</h1>
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<hw>Cor*pus"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(k?r-p?s"k?-l?r)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>corpusculaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or composed of, corpuscles, or small particles.</def>

<cs><col>Corpuscular philosophy</col>, <cd>that which attempts to account for the phenomena of nature, by the motion, figure, rest, position, etc., of the minute particles of matter.</cd> -- <col>Corpuscular theory</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the theory enunciated by Sir Isaac Newton, that light consists in the emission and rapid progression of minute particles or corpuscles. The theory is now generally rejected, and supplanted by the <i>undulatory theory</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Corpuscularian</h1>
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<hw>Cor*pus`cu*la"ri*an</hw> <tt>(-l?"r?-a]/>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Corpuscular.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Corpuscularian</h1>
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<hw>Cor*pus`cu*la"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An adherent of the corpuscular philosophy.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Corpuscule</h1>
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<hw>Cor*pus"cule</hw> <tt>(k?r-p?s"k?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A corpuscle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Corpusculous</h1>
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<hw>Cor*pus"cu*lous</hw> <tt>(-k?-l?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Corpuscular.</def>

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Corrade</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rade"</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?d")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>corradere</ets>, <ets>-rasum</ets>; <ets>cor-</ets> + <ets> radere</ets> to rub.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To gnaw into; to wear away; to fret; to consume.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. R. Clerke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>To erode, as the bed of a stream. See <er>Corrosion</er>.</def>

<h1>Corradial</h1>
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<hw>Cor*ra"di*al</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?"d?-a]/>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Radiating to or from the same point.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Corradiate</h1>
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<hw>Cor*ra"di*ate</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?"d?-?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To converge to one point or focus, as light or rays.</def>

<h1>Corradiation</h1>
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<hw>Cor*ra`di*a"tion</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?`d?-?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A conjunction or concentration of rays in one point.</def>

<i>Bacom</i>

<h1>Corral</h1>
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<hw>Cor*ral"</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?l"; Sp. k?r-r?l")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., a yard, a yard for cattle, fr. <ets>corro</ets> a circle or ring, fr. L.  <ets>currere</ets> to run. Cf. <er>Kraal</er>.]</ety> <def>A pen for animals; esp., an inclosure made with wagons, by emigrants in the vicinity of hostile Indians, as a place of security for horses, cattle, etc.</def>

<h1>Corral</h1>
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<hw>Cor*ral"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Corraled</er> <tt>(-r?ld" &or; -r?ld")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Corralling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To surround and inclose; to coop up; to put into an inclosed space; -- primarily used with reference to securing horses and cattle in an inclosure of wagons while traversing the plains, but in the Southwestern United States now colloquially applied to the capturing, securing, or penning of anything.</def>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Corrasion</h1>
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<hw>Cor*ra"sion</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?"zh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Corrade</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The erosion of the bed of a stream by running water, principally by attrition of the detritus carried along by the stream, but also by the solvent action of the water.</def>

<h1>Corrasive</h1>
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<hw>Cor*ra"sive</hw> <tt>(-s?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Corrosive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Corrasive</b> sores which eat into the flesh.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Correct</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rect"</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?kt")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>correctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>corrigere</ets> to make straight, to correct; <ets>cor-</ets> + <ets>regere</ets> to lead straight: cf. F. <ets>correct</ets>. See <er>Regular</er>, <er>Right</er>, and cf. <er>Escort</er>.]</ety> <def>Set right, or made straight; hence, conformable to truth, rectitude, or propriety, or to a just standard; nnot faulty or imperfect; free from error; <as>as, <ex>correct</ex> behavior; <ex>correct</ex> views.</as></def>

<blockquote>Always use the most <b>correct</b> editions.
<i>Felton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Accurate; right, exact; precise; regular; faultless. See <er>Accurate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Correct</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rect"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Corrected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Correcting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make right; to bring to the standard of truth, justice, or propriety; to rectify; <as>as, to <ex>correct</ex> manners or principles</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This is a defect in the first make of same men's minds which can scarce ever be <b>corrected</b> afterwards.
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To remove or retrench the faults or errors of; to amend; to set right; <as>as, to <ex>correct</ex> the proof (that is, to mark upon the margin the changes to be made, or to make in the type the changes so marked)</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bring back, or attempt to bring back, to propriety in morals; to reprove or punish for faults or deviations from moral rectitude; to chastise; to discipline; <as>as, a child should be <ex>corrected</ex> for lying</as>.</def>

<blockquote>My accuser is my 'prentice; and when I did <b>correct</b> him for his fault the other day, he did vow upon his knees he would be even with me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To counteract the qualities of one thing by those of another; -- said of whatever is wrong or injurious; <as>as, to <ex>correct</ex> the acidity of the stomach by alkaline preparations</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To amend; rectify; emend; reform; improve; chastise; punish; discipline; chasten. See <er>Amend</er>.</syn>

<h1>Correctible -rkt-b'l, Correctable</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cor*rect"i*ble</hw> <tt>(-r?k"t?-b'l)</tt>, <hw>Cor*rect"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-r?k"t?-b'l)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being corrected.</def>

<h1>Correctify</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rect"i*fy</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?k"t?-f?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To correct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When your worship's plassed to <b>correctify</b> a lady.
<i>Beau & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Correction</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rec"tion</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>correctio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>correction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of correcting, or making that right which was wrong; change for the better; amendment; rectification, as of an erroneous statement.</def>

<blockquote>The due <b>correction</b> of swearing, rioting, neglect of God's word, and other scandalouss vices.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of reproving or punishing, or that which is intended to rectify or to cure faults; punishment; discipline; chastisement.</def>

<blockquote><b>Correction</b> and instruction must both work
Ere this rude beast will profit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is substituted in the place of what is wrong; an emendation; <as>as, the <ex>corrections</ex> on a proof sheet should be set in the margin</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Abatement of noxious qualities; the counteraction of what is inconvenient or hurtful in its effects; <as>as, the <ex>correction</ex> of acidity in the stomach</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An allowance made for inaccuracy in an instrument; <as>as, chronometer <ex>correction</ex>; compass <ex>correction</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>Correction line</col> <fld>(Surv.)</fld>, <cd>a parallel used as a new base line in laying out township in the government lands of the United States. The adoption at certain intervals of a <i>correction line</i> is necessitated by the convergence of of meridians, and the statute requirement that the townships must be squares.</cd> -- <col>House of correction</col>, <cd>a house where disorderly persons are confined; a bridewell.</cd> -- <col>Under correction</col>, <cd>subject to correction; admitting the possibility of error.</cd></cs>

<h1>Correctional</h1>
<Xpage=326>

<hw>Cor*rec"tion*al</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?k"sh?n-a]/>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>correctionnel</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to, or intended for, correction; used for correction; <as>as, a <ex>correctional</ex> institution</as>.</def>

<h1>Correctioner</h1>
<Xpage=326>

<hw>Cor*rec"tion*er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is, or who has been, in the house of correction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Corrective</h1>
<Xpage=326>

<hw>Cor*rect"ive</hw> <tt>(k?rr-r?k"t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>correctif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the power to correct; tending to rectify; <as>as, <ex>corrective</ex> penalties</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Mulberries are pectoral, <b>corrective</b> of billious alkali.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Qualifying; limiting.</def> "The Psalmist interposeth . . . this <i>corrective</i> particle."

<i>Holdsworth.</i>

<h1>Corrective</h1>
<Xpage=326>

<hw>Cor*rect"ive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which has the power of correcting, altering, or counteracting what is wrong or injurious; <as>as, alkalies are <ex>correctives</ex> of acids; penalties are <ex>correctives</ex> of immoral conduct.</as></def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Limitation; restriction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Correctly</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rect"ly</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?kt"l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a correct manner; exactly; acurately; without fault or error.</def>

<h1>Correctness</h1>
<Xpage=326>

<hw>Cor*rect"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being correct; <as>as, the <ex>correctness</ex> of opinions or of manners; <ex>correctness</ex> of taste; <ex>correctness</ex> in writing or speaking; the <ex>correctness</ex> of a text or copy.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Accuracy; exactness; precision; propriety.</syn>

<h1>Corrector</h1>
<Xpage=326>

<hw>Cor*rect"or</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?kt"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, corrects; <as>as, a <ex>corrector</ex> of abuses; a <ex>corrector</ex> of the press; an alkali is a <ex>corrector</ex> of acids.</as></def>

<h1>Correctory</h1>
<Xpage=326>

<hw>Cor*rect"o*ry</hw> <tt>(-?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing or making correction; corrective.</def>

<h1>Correctress</h1>
<Xpage=326>

<hw>Cor*rect"ress</hw> <tt>(-r?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who corrects.</def>

<h1>Corregidor</h1>
<Xpage=326>

<hw>Cor*reg"i*dor</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?j"?-d?r; Sp. k?r-r?`h?-d?r")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., orig., a corrector.]</ety> <def>The chief magistrate of a Spanish town.</def>

<h1>Correi</h1>
<Xpage=326>

<hw>Cor"rei</hw> <tt>(k?r"r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot., perh. fr. Celt.  <ets>cor</ets> a corner.]</ety> <def>A hollow in the side of a hill, where game usually lies.</def> "Fleet foot on the <i>correi</i>."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Correlatable</h1>
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<hw>Cor`re*lat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(k3r`r?-l?t"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be correlated; <as>as, <ex>correlatable</ex> phenomena</as>.</def>

<h1>Correlate</h1>
<Xpage=326>

<hw>Cor`re*late"</hw> <tt>(k?r`r?-l?t" &or;  k?r"r?-l?t`)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Correlated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Correlating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>cor-</ets> + <ets>relate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To have reciprocal or mutual relations; to be mutually related.</def>

<blockquote>Doctrine and worship <b>correlate</b> as theory and practice.
<i>Tylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Correlate</h1>
<Xpage=326>

<hw>Cor`re*late"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put in relation with each other; to connect together by the disclosure of a mutual relation; <as>as, to <ex>correlate</ex> natural phenomens</as>.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Correlate</h1>
<Xpage=326>

<hw>Cor"re*late</hw> <tt>(k?r"r?-l?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, stands in a reciprocal relation to something else, as father to son; a correlative.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Correlation</h1>
<Xpage=326>

<hw>Cor`re*la"tion</hw> <tt>(-l?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>correlatio</ets>; L. <ets>cor-</ets> + <ets>relatio</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>corr\'82lation</ets>. Cf. <er>Correlation</er>.]</ety> <def>Reciprocal relation; corresponding similarity or parallelism of relation or law; capacity of being converted into, or of giving place to, one another, under certain conditions; <as>as, the <ex>correlation</ex> of forces, or of zymotic diseases</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Correlation of energy</col>, <cd>the relation to one another of different forms of energy; -- usually having some reference to the principle of conservation of energy.  See <cref>Conservation of energy</cref>, under <er>Conservation</er>.</cd> -- <col>Correlation of forces</col>, <cd>the relation between the forces which matter, endowed with various forms of energy, may exert.</cd></cs>

<h1>Correlative</h1>
<Xpage=326>

<hw>Cor*rel"a*tive</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?l"?-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>corr\'82latif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having or indicating a reciprocal relation.</def>

<blockquote>Father and son, prince and subject, stranger and citizen, are <b>correlative</b> terms.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Correlative</h1>
<Xpage=326>

<hw>Cor*rel"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, stands in a reciprocal relation, or is correlated, to some other person or thing.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>Spiritual things and spiritual men are <b>correlatives</b>.
<i>Spelman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The antecedent of a pronoun.</def>

<h1>Correlatively</h1>
<Xpage=326>

<hw>Cor*rel"a*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a correlative relation.</def>

<h1>Correlativeness</h1>
<Xpage=326>

<hw>Cor*rel"a*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being correlative.</def>

<h1>Correligionist</h1>
<Xpage=326>

<hw>Cor`re*li"gion*ist</hw> <tt>(k?r`r?-l?j"?n-?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A co-religion<?/ist.</def>

<h1>Correption</h1>
<Xpage=326>

<hw>Cor*rep"tion</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?p"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>correptio</ets>, <ets>fr</ets>.  <ets>corripere</ets> to seize.]</ety> <def>Chiding; reproof; reproach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Angry, passionate <b>correption</b> being rather apt to provoke, than to amend.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Correspond</h1>
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<hw>Cor`re*spond"</hw> <tt>(k?r`r?-sp?nd")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Corresponded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Corresponding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref.  <ets>cor-</ets> + <ets>respond</ets>: cf. f. <ets>correspondre</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be like something else in the dimensions and arrangement of its parts; -- followed by <i>with</i> or <i>to</i>; <as>as, concurring figures <ex>correspond</ex> with each other throughout</as>.</def>

<blockquote>None of them [the forms of Sidney's sonnets]  <b>correspond</b> to the Shakespearean type.
<i>J. A. Symonds.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be adapted; to be congruous; to suit; to agree; to fit; to answer; -- followed by <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Words being but empty sounds, any farther than they are signs of our ideas, we can not but assent to them as they <b>correspond</b> to those ideas we have, but no farther.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To have intercourse or communion; especially, to hold intercourse or to communicate by sending and receiving letters; -- followed by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>After having been long in indirect communication with the exiled family, he [Atterbury] began to <b>correspond</b> directly with the Pretender.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To agree; fit; answer; suit; write; address.</syn>

<h1>Correspondence</h1>
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<hw>Cor`re*spond"ence</hw> <tt>(-sp?nd"<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>correspondance</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Friendly intercourse; reciprocal exchange of civilities; especially, intercourse between persons by means of letters.</def>

<blockquote>Holding also good <b>correspondence</b> with the other great men in the state.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To facilitate <b>correspondence</b> between one part of London and another, was not originally one of the objects of the post office.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="327">
Page 327<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The letters which pass between correspondents.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Mutual adaptation, relation, or agreement, of one thing to another; agreement; congruity; fitness; relation.</def>

<h1>Correspondency</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor`re*spond"en*cy</hw> <tt>(k$r`r?--sp?nd"<it>e</it>n-s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Correspondencies</plw> <tt>(-s<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <def>Same as <er>Correspondence</er>, 3.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>correspondencies</b> of types and antitypes . . . may be very reasonable confirmations.
<i>S. Clarke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Correspondent</h1>
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<hw>Cor`re*spond"ent</hw> <tt>(-<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>correspondant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Suitable; adapted; fit; corresponding; congruous; conformable; in accord or agreement; obedient; willing.</def>

<blockquote>Action <b>correspondent</b> or repugnant unto the law.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As fast the <b>correspondent</b> passions rise.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will be <b>correspondent</b> to command.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Correspondent</h1>
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<hw>Cor`re*spond"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One with whom intercourse is carried on by letter.</def>

<i>Macualay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who communicates information, etc., by letter or telegram to a newspaper or periodical.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>One who carries on commercial intercourse by letter or telegram with a person or firm at a distance.</def>

<h1>Correspondently</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor`re*spond"ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a a corresponding manner; conformably; suitably.</def>

<h1>Corresponding</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor`re*spond"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Answering; conformable; agreeing; suiting; <as>as, <ex>corresponding</ex> numbers</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Carrying on intercourse by letters.</def>

<cs><col>Corresponding member of a society</col>, <cd>one residing at a distance, who has been invited to correspond with the society, and aid in carrying out its designs without taking part in its management.</cd></cs>

<h1>Correspondingly</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor`re*spond"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a corresponding manner; conformably.</def>

<h1>Corresponsive</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor`re*spon"sive</hw> <tt>(-r?-sp?n"s?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Corresponding; conformable; adapted.</def> <i>Shak</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Cor`re*spon"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv</i>.</wordforms>

<h1>Corridor</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor"ri*dor</hw> <tt>(k?r"r?-d?r &or; -d?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Itt. <ets>corridpore</ets>, or Sp.  <ets>corredor</ets>; prop., a runner, hence, a running or long line, a gallery, fr. L.  <ets>currere</ets> to run. See <er>Course</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A gallery or passageway leading to several apartments of a house.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The covered way lying round the whole compass of the fortifications of a place.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Corrie</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor"rie</hw> <tt>(k?r"r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Correi</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Geikie.</i>

<h1>Corrigendum</h1>
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<hw>Cor`ri*gen"dum</hw> <tt>(k?r`r?-j?n"d?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Corrigenda</plw> <tt>(-d<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A fault <it>or</it> error to be corrected.</def>

<h1>Corrigent</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor"ri*gent</hw> <tt>(k?r"r?--j<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corrigens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>corrigere</ets> to correct.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A substance added to a medicine to mollify or modify its action.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Corrigibility</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor`ri*gi*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(-j?-b?l"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being corrigible; capability of being corrected; corrigibleness.</def>

<h1>Corrigible</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor"ri*gi*ble</hw> <tt>(k?r"r?-j?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>corribilis</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>corrigere</ets> to correct: cf. F. <ets>corrigible</ets>. See <er>Correrct</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being set right, amended, or reformed; <as>as, a <ex>corrigible</ex> fault</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Submissive to correction; docile.</def> "Bending down his <i>corrigible</i> neck."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Deserving chastisement; punishable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He was taken up very short, and adjudged <b>corrigible</b> for such presumptuous language.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Having power to correct; corrective.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The . . . .<b>corrigible</b> authority of this lies in our wills.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Corrigibleness</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor"ri*gi*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being corrigible; corrigibility.</def>

<h1>Corrival</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor*ri"val</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?"v<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fellow rival; a competitor; a rival; also, a companion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Corrival</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor*ri"val</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having rivaling claims; emulous; in rivalry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Fleetwood.</i>

<h1>Corrival</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor*ri"val</hw>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To compete with; to rival.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Corrivalry</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor*ri"val*ry</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?"v<it>a</it>l-r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Corivalry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Corrivalship</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor*ri"val*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Corivalry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>By the <b>corrivalship</b> of Shager his false friend.
<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Corrivate</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor"ri*vate</hw> <tt>(k?r"r?-v?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corrivatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>corrivare</ets> to corrivate.]</ety> <def>To cause to flow together, as water drawn from several streams.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Corrivation</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor`ri*va"tion</hw> <tt>(-v?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corrivatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The flowing of different streams into one.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Corroborant</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor*rob"o*rant</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?b"?-r<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corroborans</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Corroborate</er>.]</ety> <def>Strengthening; supporting; corroborating.</def> <i>Bacon</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> Anything which gives strength or support; a tonic.</def></def2>

<blockquote>The brain, with its proper <b>corroborants</b>, especially with sweet odors and with music.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Corroborate</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor*rob"o*rate</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?b"?-r?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Corroborated</er> <tt>(-r?`t?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Corroborating</er> <tt>(-r?`t?ng)</tt>. ]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>corroboratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>corroborare</ets> to corroborate; <ets>cor-</ets> + <ets>roborare</ets> to strengthen, <ets>robur</ets> strength. See <er>Robust</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make strong, or to give additional strength to; to strengthen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>As any limb well and duly exercised, grows stronger, the nerves of the body are <b>corroborated</b> thereby.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make more certain; to confirm; to establish.</def>

<blockquote>The concurrence of all <b>corroborates</b> the same truth.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Corroborate</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor*rob"o*rate</hw> <tt>(-r?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Corroborated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Corroboration</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor*rob`o*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?b`?-r?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>corroboration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of corroborating, strengthening, or confirming; addition of strength; confirmation; <as>as, the <ex>corroboration</ex> of an argument, or of information</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which corroborates.</def>

<h1>Corroborative</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor*rob"o*ra*tive</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?b"?-r?-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>corroboratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to strengthen of confirm.</def>

<h1>Corroborative</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor*rob"o*ra*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine that strengthens; a corroborant.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Corroboratory</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor*rob"o*ra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(-t?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to strengthen; corroborative; <as>as, <ex>corroboratory</ex> facts</as>.</def>

<h1>Corrode</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor*rode"</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?d")</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Corroded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Corroding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>corrodere</ets>, <ets>-rosum</ets>; <ets>cor + rodere</ets> to gnaw: cf. F. <ets>corroder</ets>. See <er>Rodent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To eat away by degrees; to wear away or diminish by gradually separating or destroying small particles of, as by action of a strong acid or a caustic alkali.</def>

<blockquote>Aqua fortis <b>corroding</b> copper . . . is wont to reduce it to a green-blue solution.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To consume; to wear away; to prey upon; to impair.</def>

<h1>Corrode</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor*rode"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To have corrosive action; to be subject to corrosion.</def>

<cs><col>Corroding lead</col>, <cd>lead sufficiently pure to be used in making white lead by a process of corroding.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To canker; gnaw; rust; waste; wear away.</syn>

<h1>Corrodent</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor*rod"ent</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?"d<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corrodens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>corrodere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Corrosive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. King.</i>

<h1>Corrodent</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rod"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything that corrodes.</def>

<i>Bp. King.</i>

<h1>Corrodiate</h1>
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<hw>Cor*ro"di*ate</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?"d?-?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Corrode</er>.]</ety> <def>To eat away by degrees; to corrode.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Corrodibility</h1>
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<hw>Cor*ro`di*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?`d?-b?l"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The qualityof being corrodible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Corrodible</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rod"i*ble</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?"d?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being corroded; corrosible.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Corrosibility</h1>
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<hw>Cor*ro`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?`s?-b?l"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Corrodibility.</def> "<i>Corrosibility</i> . . . answers corrosiveness."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Corrosible</h1>
<Xpage=327>

<hw>Cor*ro"si*ble</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?"s?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Corrodible.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Corrosibleness</h1>
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<hw>Cor*ro"si*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being corrosible.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Corrosion</h1>
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<hw>Cor*ro"sion</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?"zh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>corrosio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>corrosion</ets>. See <er>Corrode</er>.]</ety> <def>The action or effect of corrosive agents, or the process of corrosive change; <as>as, the rusting of iron is a variety of <ex>corrosion</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Corrosion</b> is a particular species of dissolution of bodies, either by an acid or a saline menstruum.
<i>John Quincy.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Corrosive</h1>
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<hw>Cor*ro"sive</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?"s?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>corrosif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Eating away; having the power of gradually wearing, changing, or destroying the texture or substance of a body; <as>as, the <ex>corrosive</ex> action of an acid</as>. "<i>Corrosive</i> liquors." <i>Grew</i>. "<i>Corrosive</i> famine."<i>Thomson</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the quality of fretting or vexing.</def>

<blockquote>Care is no cure, but <b>corrosive</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Corrosive sublimate</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>mercuric chloride, <chform>HgCl2</chform>; so called because obtained by sublimation, and because of its harsh irritating action on the body tissue. Usually it is in the form of a heavy, transparent, crystalline substance, easily soluble, and of an acrid, burning taste. It is a virulent poison, a powerful antiseptic, and an exellent antisyphilitic; called also <altname>mercuric bichloride</altname>. It is to be carefully distinguished from calomel, the mild chloride of mercury.</cd></cs>

<h1>Corrosive</h1>
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<hw>Cor*ro"sive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which has the quality of eating or wearing away gradually.</def>

<blockquote>[<b>Corrosives</b>] act either directly, by chemically destroying the part, or indirectly by causing inflammation and gangrene.
<i>Dunglison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which has the power of fretting or irritating.</def>

<blockquote>Such speeches . . . are grievous <b>corrosives</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Cor*ro"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Cor*ro"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Corroval</h1>
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<hw>Cor*ro"val</hw> <tt>(kr-r?"v<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dark brown substance of vegetable origin, allied to curare, and used by the natives of New Granada as an arrow poison.</def>

<h1>Corrovaline</h1>
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<hw>Cor*ro"va*line</hw> <tt>(-v?-l?n &or; -l?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous alkaloid extracted from corroval, and characterized by its immediate action in paralyzing the heart.</def>

<h1>Corrugant</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ru*gant</hw> <tt>(k?r"r?-g<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corrugans</ets>, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>pr</ets>. See <er>Corrugate</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the power of contracting into wrinkles.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Corrugate</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ru*gate</hw> <tt>(k?r"r?-g?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corrugatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>corrugare</ets>; <ets>cor-+ rugare</ets> to wrinkle, <ets>ruga</ets> wrinkle; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>Wrinkled; crumpled; furrowed; contracted into ridges and furrows.</def>

<h1>Corrugate</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ru*gate</hw> <tt>(-g?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Corrugated</er> <tt>(-g?`t?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Corrugating</er> <tt>(-g?`t?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To form or shape into wrinkles or folds, or alternate ridges and grooves, as by drawing, contraction, pressure, bending, or otherwise; to wrinkle; to purse up; <as>as, to <ex>corrugate</ex> plates of iron; to <ex>corrugate</ex> the forehead.</as></def>

<cs><col>Corrugated iron</col>, <cd>sheet iron bent into a series of alternate ridges and grooves in parallel lines, giving it greater stiffness.</cd> -- <col>Corrugated paper</col>, <cd>a thick, coarse paper corrugated in order to give it elasticity. It is used as a wrapping material for fragile articles, as bottles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Corrugation</h1>
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<hw>Cor`ru*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(k?r`r?-g?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>corrugation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act corrugating; contraction into wrinkles or alternate ridges and grooves.</def>

<h1>Corrugator</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ru*ga`tor</hw> <tt>(k?r"r?-g?`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.; cf. F. <ets>corrugateur</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which contracts the skin of the forehead into wrinkles.</def>

<h1>Corrugent</h1>
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<hw>Cor*ru"gent</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?"j<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Drawing together; contracting; -- said of the corrugator.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Corrump</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rump"</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?mp")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corrumpere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To corrupt. See <er>Corrupt</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chauser.</i>

<h1>Corrumpable</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rump"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Corruptible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Corrupt</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rupt`</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?pt")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corruptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>corrumpere</ets> to corrupt; <ets>cor-</ets> + <ets>rumpere</ets> to break. See <er>Rupture</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Changed from a sound to a putrid state; spoiled; tainted; vitiated; unsound.</def>

<blockquote>Who with such <b>corrupt</b> and pestilent bread would feed them.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Changed from a state of uprightness, correctness, truth, etc., to a worse state; vitiated; depraved; debased; perverted; <as>as, <ex>corrupt</ex> language; <ex>corrupt</ex> judges.</as></def>

<blockquote>At what ease
Might <b>corrupt</b> minds procure knaves as <b>corrupt</b>
To swear against you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Abounding in errors; not genuine or correct; <as>as, the text of the manuscript is <ex>corrupt</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Corrupt</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rupt"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Corrupted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Corrupting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To change from a sound to a putrid or putrescent state; to make putrid; to putrefy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To change from good to bad; to vitiate; to deprave; to pervert; to debase; to defile.</def>

<blockquote>Evil communications <b>corrupt</b> good manners.
<i>1. Cor. xv. 33.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To draw aside from the path of rectitude and duty; <as>as, to <ex>corrupt</ex> a judge by a bribe</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Heaven is above all yet; there sits a Judge
That no king can <b>corrupt</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To debase or render impure by alterations or innovations; to falsify; <as>as, to <ex>corrupt</ex> language; to <ex>corrupt</ex> the sacred text.</as></def>

<blockquote>He that makes an ill use of it [language], though he does not <b>corrupt</b> the fountains of knowledge, . . . yet he stops the pines.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To waste, spoil, or consume; to make worthless.</def>

<blockquote>Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth, where moth and rust doth <b>corrupt</b>.
<i>Matt. vi. 19.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Corrupt</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rupt"</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?pt")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become putrid or tainted; to putrefy; to rot.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To become vitiated; to lose putity or goodness.</def>

<h1>Corrupter</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rupt"er</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?p"t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who corrupts; one who vitiates or taints; <as>as, a <ex>corrupter</ex> of morals</as>.</def>

<h1>Corruptful</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rupt"ful</hw> <tt>(-f?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to corrupt; full of corruption.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Corruptful</i> bribes."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Corruptibility</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rupt`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?p`t?-b?l"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corruptibilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>corruptibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being corruptible; the possibility or liability of being corrupted; corruptibleness.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Corruptible</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rupt"i*ble</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?p"t?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>corruptibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>corruptible</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being made corrupt; subject to decay.</def> "Our <i>corruptible</i> bodies."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<blockquote>Ye were not redeemed with <b>corruptible</b> things, as silver and gold.
<i>1 Pet. i. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being corrupted, or morally vitiated; susceptible of depravation.</def>

<blockquote>They systematically corrupt very <b>corruptible</b> race.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Cor*rupt"i*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Cor*rupt"i*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Corruptible</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rupt"i*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which may decay and perish; the human body.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>1 Cor. xv. 53.</i>

<h1>Corruptingly</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rupt"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner that corrupts.</def>

<h1>Corruption</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rup"tion</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?p"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>corruption</ets>, L.  <ets>corruptio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of corrupting or making putrid, or state of being corrupt or putrid; decomposition or disorganization, in the process of putrefaction; putrefaction; deterioration.</def>

<blockquote>The inducing and accelerating of putrefaction is a subject of very universal inquiry; for <b>corruption</b> is a reciprocal to "generation".
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The product of corruption; putrid matter.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of corrupting or of impairing integrity, virtue, or moral principle; the state of being corrupted or debased; loss of purity or integrity; depravity; wickedness; impurity; bribery.</def>

<blockquote>It was necessary, by exposing the gross <b>corruptions</b> of monasteries, . . . to exite popular indignation against them.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They abstained from some of the worst methods of <b>corruption</b> usual to their party in its earlier days.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Corruption</i>, when applied to officers, trustees, etc., signifies the inducing a violation of duty by means of pecuniary considerations.</note>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of changing, or of being changed, for the worse; departure from what is pure, simple, or correct; <as>as, a <ex>corruption</ex> of style; <ex>corruption</ex> in language.</as></def>

<cs><col>Corruption of blood</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>taint or impurity of blood, in consequence of an act of attainder of treason or felony, by which a person is disabled from inheriting any estate or from transmitting it to others.</cd></cs>

<blockquote><b>Corruption of blood</b> can be removed only by act of Parliament.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Putrescence; putrefaction; defilement; contamination; deprivation; debasement; adulteration; depravity; taint. See <er>Depravity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Corruptionist</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rup"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who corrupts, or who upholds corruption.</def>

<i>Sydney Smith.</i>

<h1>Corruptive</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rupt"ive</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?p"t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corruptivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>corruptif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of taining or vitiating; tending to produce corruption.</def>

<blockquote>It should be endued with some <b>corruptive</b> quality for so speedy a dissolution of the meat.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Corruptless</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rupt"less</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?pt"l?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not susceptible of corruption or decay; incorruptible.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Corruptly</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rupt"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a corrupt manner; by means of corruption or corrupting influences; wronfully.</def>

<h1>Corruptness</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rupt"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being corrupt.</def>

<h1>Corruptress</h1>
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<hw>Cor*rupt"ress</hw> <tt>(-r?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who corrupts.</def>

<blockquote>Thou studied old <b>corruptress</b>.
<i>Beau & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Corsac</h1>
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<hw>Cor"sac</hw> <tt>(k?r"s?k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The corsak.</def>

<h1>Corsage</h1>
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<hw>Cor"sage</hw> <tt>(k?r"s?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Corset</er>.]</ety> <def>The waist or bodice of a lady's dress; as. a low <i>corsage</i>.</def>

<h1>Corsair</h1>
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<hw>Cor"sair</hw> <tt>(k?r"s?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>corsaire</ets> (cf. It. <ets>corsare</ets>, <ets>corsale</ets>, Pr.  <ets>corsari</ets>), LL. <ets>corsarius</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>cursus</ets> a running, course, whence Sp. <ets>corso</ets> cruise, <ets>corsa</ets> cruise, coasting voyage, <ets>corsear</ets> to cruise against the enemy, to pirate, <ets>corsario</ets> cruising, a privateer authorized to cruise against the enemy. See <er>Course</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pirate; one who cruises about without authorization from any government, to seize booty on sea or land.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piratical vessel.</def>

<blockquote>Barbary <b>corsairs</b> . . . infested the coast of the Mediterranean.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Corsak</h1>
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<hw>Cor"sak</hw> <tt>(k?r"s?k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small foxlike mammal (<spn>Cynalopex corsac</spn>), found in Central Asia.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>corsac</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Corse</h1>
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<hw>Corse</hw> <tt>(k?rs &or; k?rs; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cors</ets>, F. <ets>corps</ets>. See <er>Corpse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A living body or its bulk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For he was strong, and of so mighty <b>corse</b>
As ever wielded spear in warlike hand.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A corpse; the dead body of a human being.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Set down the <b>corse</b>; or, by Saint Paul,
I'll make a <b>corse</b> of him that disobeys.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Corselet</h1>
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<hw>Corse"let</hw> <tt>(k?rs"l?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of OF. <ets>cors</ets>. F. <ets>corps</ets>, body. See <er>Corse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Armor for the body, as, the body breastplate and backpiece taken together; -- also, used for the entire suit of the day, including breastplate and backpiece, tasset and headpiece.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The thorax of an insect.</def>

<h1>Corsepresent</h1>
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<hw>Corse"pres`ent</hw> <tt>(k?rs"pr?z`<it>e</it>nt &or; k?rs"-)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Engl.Law)</fld> <def>An offering made to the church at the interment of a dead body.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Corset</h1>
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<hw>Cor"set</hw> <tt>(k?r"s?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of OF. <ets>cors</ets>, F. <ets>corps</ets>, body. See <er>Corse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the Middle Ages, a gown or basque of which the body was close fitting, worn by both men and women.</def>

<hr>
<page="328">
Page 328<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An article of dress inclosing the chest and waist worn (chiefly by women) to support the body or to modify its shape; stays.</def>

<h1>Corset</h1>
<Xpage=328>

<hw>Cor"set</hw> <tt>(k?r"s?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Corseted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Corseting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To inclose in corsets.</def>

<h1>Corslet</h1>
<Xpage=328>

<hw>Cors"let</hw> <tt>(k?rs"l?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A corselet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hakluyt.</i>

<h1>Corsned</h1>
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<hw>Cors"ned</hw> <tt>(k?rs"n?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>corsn<?/d</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(AS. Laws)</fld> <def>The morsel of execration; a species of ordeal consisting in the eating of a piece of bread consecrated by imprecation. If the suspected person ate it freely, he was pronounced innocent; but if it stuck in his throat, it was considered as a proof of his guilt.</def>

<i>Burril.</i>

<h1>Cort\'82ge</h1>
<Xpage=328>

<hw>Cor`t\'82ge"</hw> <tt>(k?r`t?zh")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>corteggio</ets> train, fr. <ets>corte</ets> court. See <er>Court</er>.]</ety> <def>A train of attendants; a procession.</def>

<h1>Cortes</h1>
<Xpage=328>

<hw>Cor"tes</hw> <tt>(k?r"t?s)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Sp. & Pg., fr. <ets>corte</ets> court.]</ety> <def>The legislative assembly, composed of nobility, clergy, and representatives of cities, which in Spain and in Portugal answers, in some measure, to the Parliament of Great Britain.</def>

<h1>Cortex</h1>
<Xpage=328>

<hw>Cor"tex</hw> <tt>(k?r"t?ks)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cortices</plw> <tt>(-t<?/-s<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., bark. Cf. <er>Cork</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bark, as of a tree; hence, an outer covering.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Bark; rind; specifically, cinchona bark.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The outer or superficial part of an organ; <as>as, the <ex>cortex</ex> or gray exterior substance of the brain</as>.</def>

<h1>Cortical</h1>
<Xpage=328>

<hw>Cor"ti*cal</hw> <tt>(k?r"t?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cortex</ets> bark: cf. F. <ets>cortical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or consisting of, bark or rind; resembling bark or rind; external; outer; superficial; <as>as, the <ex>cortical</ex> substance of the kidney</as>.</def>

<h1>Corticate krt-kt, Corticated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cor"ti*cate</hw> <tt>(k?r"t?-k?t)</tt>, <hw>Cor"ti*ca`ted</hw> <tt>(-k?`t?d)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corticatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a special outer covering of a nature unlike the interior part.</def>

<h1>Corticifer</h1>
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<hw>Cor*tic"i*fer</hw> <tt>(k?r-t?s"?-f?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the <spn>Gorgoniacea</spn>; -- so called because the fleshy part surrounds a solid axis, like a bark.</def>

<h1>Corticiferous</h1>
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<hw>Cor`ti*cif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(k?r`t?-s?f"?r-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cortex</ets>, <ets>corticis</ets>, bark -- <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>corticif<?/re</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Producing bark or something that resembling that resembles bark.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a barklike c<?/nenchyms.</def>

<h1>Corticiform</h1>
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<hw>Cor*tic"i*form</hw> <tt>(k?r-t?s"?-f?rm)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cortex</ets>, <ets>corticis</ets>, bark + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>corticiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling, or having the form of, bark or rind.</def>

<h1>Corticine</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ti*cine</hw> <tt>(k?r"t?-s?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>cortex</ets>, <ets>corticis</ets>, bark.]</ety> <def>A material for carpeting or floor covering, made of ground cork and caoutchouc or India rubber.</def>

<h1>Corticose</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ti*cose`</hw> <tt>(-k?s`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>corticosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Abounding in bark; resembling bark; barky.</def>

<h1>Corticous</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ti*cous</hw> <tt>(-k?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or resembling, bark; corticose.</def>

<h1>Cortile</h1>
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<hw>Cor"tile</hw> <tt>(k?r"t?l; It. k?r-t?"l?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. <ets>corte</ets> court.]</ety> <def>An open internal courtyard inclosed by the walls of a large dwelling house or other large and stately building.</def>

<h1>Corundum</h1>
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<hw>Co*run"dum</hw> <tt>(k?-r?n"d?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Corundums</plw> <tt>(-d<?/mz)</tt>.</plu> [Also <ets>corindon</ets>.] <ety>[From Hind. <ets>kurand</ets> corundum stone.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The earth alumina, as found native in a crystalline state, including <i>sapphire</i>, which is the fine blue variety; the <i>oriental ruby</i>, or red sapphire; the <i>oriental amethyst</i>, or purple sapphire; and <i>adamantine spar</i>, the hair-brown variety. It is the hardest substance found native, next to the diamond.</def>

<note>&hand; The name <i>corundum</i> is sometimes restricted to the non-transparent or coarser kinds. <i>Emery</i> is a dark-colored granular variety, usually admixed with magnetic iron ore.</note>

<h1>Coruscant</h1>
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<hw>Co*rus"cant</hw> <tt>(k?-r?s"k<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coruscans</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Coruscate</er>.]</ety> <def>Glittering in flashes; flashing.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Coruscate</h1>
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<hw>Cor"us*cate</hw> <tt>(k?r"?s-k?t &or; k?-r?s"k?r)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coruscare</ets> to flash, vibrate.]</ety> <def>To glitter in flashes; to flash.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To glisten; gleam; sparkle; radiate.</syn>

<h1>Coruscation</h1>
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<hw>Cor`us*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(k?r`?s-k?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coruscatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>coruscattion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden flash or play of light.</def>

<blockquote>A very vivid but exceeding short-lived splender, not to call <?/t a little <b>coruscation</b>.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A flash of intellectual brilliancy.</def>

<blockquote>He might have illuminated his times with the incessant <b>cor<?/<?/cations</b> of his genius.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Flash; glitter; blaze; gleam; sparkle.</syn>

<h1>Corve</h1>
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<hw>Corve</hw> <tt>(k?rv)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Corf</er>.</def>

<h1>Corvee</h1>
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<hw>Cor`vee"</hw> <tt>(k?r`v" &or; -v?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>corv\'82e</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>corvada</ets>, <ets>corrogata</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>corrogare</ets> to entreat togetther; <ets>cor-</ets> + <ets>rogare</ets> to ask.]</ety> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>An obligation to perform certain services, as the repair of roads, for the lord or sovereign.</def>

<h1>Corven</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ven</hw> <tt>(k?r"v<it>e</it>n)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Carve</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Corvet krvt, Corvette</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cor"vet</hw> <tt>(k?r"v?t)</tt>, <hw>Cor*vette"</hw> <tt>(k?r-v?r")</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>corvette</ets>, fr. Pg. <ets>corveta</ets> or Sp. <ets>corbeta</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>corbita</ets> a slow-sailing ship of burden, fr, <ets>corbis</ets> basket. Cf. <er>Corbeil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A war vessel, ranking next below a frigate, and having usually only one tier of guns; -- called in the United States navy a <i>sloop of war</i>.</def>

<h1>Corvetto</h1>
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<hw>Cor*vet"to</hw> <tt>(-v?t"t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A curvet.</def>

<i>Peacham.</i>

<h1>Corvine</h1>
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<hw>Cor"vine</hw> <tt>(k?r"v?n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corvinus</ets>, fr. <ets>corvus</ets> crow.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the crow; crowlike.</def>

<h1>Corvorant</h1>
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<hw>Cor"vo*rant</hw> <tt>(k?r"v?-r<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cormorant</er>.</def>

<h1>Corybant</h1>
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<hw>Cor"y*bant</hw> <tt>(k?r"?-b?nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Corybants</plw> (-b<?/nts), oftener L. <plw>Corybantes</plw> <tt>(-b<?/n"t<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>Corybas</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>One of the priests of Cybele in Phrygia. The rites of the Corybants were accompanied by wild music, dancing, etc.</def>

<h1>Corybantiasm</h1>
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<hw>Cor`y*ban"ti*asm</hw> <tt>(-b?n"t?-?z'm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a corybantic frenzy.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of frenzy in which the patient is tormented by fantastic visions and want of sleep.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Corybantic</h1>
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<hw>Cor`y*ban"tic</hw> <tt>(k?r`?-b?n"t?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a Corybant.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the Corybantes or their rites; frantic; frenzied; <as>as, a <ex>corybantic</ex> dance</as>.</def>

<h1>Corymb</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ymb</hw> <tt>(k?r"?mb &or; -?m; 220)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>corymbus</ets> cluster of flowers, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A flat-topped or convex cluster of flowers, each on its own footstalk, and arising from different points of a common axis, the outermost blossoms expanding first, as in the hawthorn.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any flattish flower cluster, whatever be the order of blooming, or a similar shaped cluster of fruit.</def>

<h1>Corymbed</h1>
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<hw>Cor"ymbed</hw> <tt>(k?r"?mbd)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Corymbose.</def>

<h1>Corymbiferous</h1>
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<hw>Cor`ym*bif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(k?r`?m-b?f"?r-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>corymbifer</ets>; <ets>corymbus</ets> a cluster of flowers + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear<?/ cf. F. <ets>corimbif<?/re</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing corymbs of flowers or fruit.</def>

<h1>Corymbose</h1>
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<hw>Co*rym"bose</hw> <tt>(k?-r?m"b?s &or; k?r"?m-b?s`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Consisting of corymbs, or resembling them in form.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>corymbous</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Corymbosely</h1>
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<hw>Co*rym"bose*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In corymbs.</def>

<h1>Coryph\'91noid</h1>
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<hw>Cor`y*ph\'91"noid</hw> <tt>(k?r`?-f?"noid)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL.  <ets>coruphaena</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or like, the genus <spn>Coryph\'91na</spn>. See <er>Dolphin</er>.</def>

<h1>Coryph</e</h1>
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<hw>Co`ry`ph<?/e"</hw> <tt>(k?`r?`f?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Drama)</fld> <def>A ballet dancer.</def>

<h1>Coryphene</h1>
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<hw>Cor"y*phene`</hw> <tt>(k?r"?-f?n`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>coryphena</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ head, summit, peak: cf. F. <ets>coryph<?/ne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the genus <spn>Coryph\'91na</spn>. See <er>Dolphin</er>. (2)</def>

<h1>Corypheus</h1>
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<hw>Cor`y*phe"us</hw> <tt>(k?r`?-f?"?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Corypheuses</plw> (-<?/z), L. <plw>Coryphei</plw> <tt>(-f<?/"<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>coryphaeus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The conductor, chief, or leader of the dramatic chorus; hence, the chief or leader of a party or interest.</def>

<blockquote>That noted <b>corypheus</b> [Dr. John Owen] of the Independent faction.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coryphodon</h1>
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<hw>Co*ryph"o*don</hw> <tt>(k?-r?f"?-d?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ head, peak + <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Palen.)</fld> <def>A genus of extinct mammals from the eocene tertiary of Europe and America. Its species varied in size between the tapir and rhinoceros, and were allied to those animals, but had short, plantigrade, five-toed feet, like the elephant.</def>

<h1>Coryphodont</h1>
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<hw>Co*ryph"o*dont</hw> <tt>(-d?nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the genus <spn>Coryphodon</spn>.</def>

<h1>Coryza</h1>
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<hw>Co*ry"za</hw> <tt>(k?-r?"z?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ catarh.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Nasal catarrh.</def>

<h1>Coscinomancy</h1>
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<hw>Cos*cin"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(k?s-s?n"?-m?n`s? &or; k?s"s?-n?-)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ sieve + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of a suspended sieve.</def>

<h1>Coscoroba</h1>
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<hw>Cos`co*ro"ba</hw> <tt>(k?s`k?-r?"b?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, white, South American duck, of the genus <spn>Cascoroba</spn>, resembling a swan.</def>

<h1>Cosecant</h1>
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<hw>Co*se"cant</hw> <tt>(k?-s?"k?nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>co. secans</ets>, an abbrev. of L. <ets>complementi secans</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Trig.)</fld> <def>The secant of the complement of an arc or angle. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Functions</er>.</def>

<h1>Cosen</h1>
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<hw>Cos"en</hw> <tt>(k?z"'n)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Cozen</er>.</def>

<h1>Cosenage</h1>
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<hw>Cos"en*age</hw> <tt>(k?z"'n-?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cozenage</er>.</def>

<h1>Cosening</h1>
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<hw>Cos"en*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Anything done deceitfully, and which could not be properly designated by any special name, whether belonging to contracts or not.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Cosentient</h1>
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<hw>Co*sen"tient</hw> <tt>(k?-s?n"sh<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Perceiving together.</def>

<h1>Cosey</h1>
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<hw>Co"sey</hw> <tt>(k?"z?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Cozy</er>.</def>

<i> Dickens.</i>

<h1>Cosher</h1>
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<hw>Cosh"er</hw> <tt>(k?sh"?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Ir. <ets>cosair</ets> a feast, a banquet? or cf. F. <ets>coucher</ets> to lie. Cf. <er>Couch</er>, <er>Coshering</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>To levy certain exactions or tribute upon; to lodge and eat at the expense of. See <er>Coshering</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat with hospitality; to pet.</def> <mark>[Ireland]</mark>

<h1>Cosherer</h1>
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<hw>Cosh"er*er</hw> <tt>(k?sh"?r-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who coshers.</def>

<h1>Coshering</h1>
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<hw>Cosh"er*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>A feudal prerogative of the lord of the soil entitling him to lodging and food at his tenant's house.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<blockquote>Sometimes he contrived, in deflance of the law, to live by <b>coshering</b>, that is to say, by quartering himself on the old tentants of his family, who, wretched as was their own condition, could not refuse a portion of their pittance to one whom they still regarded as their rightful lord.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cosier</h1>
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<hw>Co"sier</hw> <tt>(k?"zh?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>coussier</ets> maker of mattresses; or <ets>couseor</ets> tailor, fr. OF. & F. <ets>coudre</ets>, p. p. <ets>cousu</ets> to sew, fr. L. <ets>consuere</ets> to sew together; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>seure</ets> to sew. See <er>Sew</er> to stitch.]</ety> <def>A tailor who botches his work.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cosignificative</h1>
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<hw>Co`sig*nif"i*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(<it>k<?/</it>`<it>s<?/g-n<?/f</it>"<it><?/-k<?/-t<?/v</it>)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the same signification.</def>

<i>Cockerham.</i>

<h1>Cosignitary</h1>
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<hw>Co*sig"ni*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(k?-s?g"n?-t?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>sign</ets>. Cf. <er>Signatory</er>.]</ety> <def>Signing some important public document with another or with others; <as>as, a treaty violated by one of the <ex>cosignitary</ex> powers</as>.</def>

<h1>Cosignitary</h1>
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<hw>Co*sig"ni*ta*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cosignitaries</plw> <tt>(-r<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who signs a treaty or public document along with others or another; <as>as, the <ex>cosignitaries</ex> of the treaty of Berlin</as>.</def>

<h1>Cosily</h1>
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<hw>Co"si*ly</hw> <tt>(k?"z?-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>See <er>Cozily</er>.</def>

<h1>Cosinage</h1>
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<hw>Cos"in*age</hw> <tt>(k?s"'n-?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cousinage</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Collateral relationship or kindred by blood; consanguinity.</def> <i>Burrill</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A writ to recover possession of an estate in lands, when a stranger has entered, after the death of the grandfather's grandfather, or other distant collateral relation.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Cosine</h1>
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<hw>Co"sine</hw> <tt>(k?"s?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>co</ets>. <ets>sinus</ets>, an abbrev. of L. <ets>complementi sinus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Trig.)</fld> <def>The sine of the complement of an arc or angle. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Functions</er>.</def>

<h1>Cosmetic kz-mtk, Cosmetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cos*met"ic</hw> <tt>(k?z-m?t"?k)</tt>, <hw>Cos*met"ic*al</hw> <tt>(-?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>kosmitiko`s</grk> skilled in decorating, fr. <grk>ko`smos</grk> order, ornament: cf. F. <ets>cosm\'82tique</ets>. See <er>Cosmos</er>.]</ety> <def>Imparting or improving beauty, particularly the beauty of the complexion; <as>as, a <ex>cosmetical</ex> preparation</as>.</def>

<blockquote>First, robed in white, the nymph intent adores,
With head uncovered, the <b>cosmetic</b> powers.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cosmetic</h1>
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<hw>Cos*met"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any external application intended to beautify and improve the complexion.</def>

<h1>Cosmic kzmk, Cosmical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cos"mic</hw> <tt>(k?z"m?k)</tt>, <hw>Cos"mic*al</hw> <tt>(-m?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>kosmiko`s</grk> of the world, fr. <grk>ko`smos</grk>: cf. F.  <ets>cosmique</ets>. See <er>Cosmos</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the universe, and having special reference to universal law or order, or to the one grand harmonious system of things; hence; harmonious; orderly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to the solar system as a whole, and not to the earth alone.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Characteristic of the cosmos or universe; inconceivably great; vast; <as>as, <ex>cosmic</ex> speed</as>.</def> "<i>Cosmic</i> ranges of time."

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Rising or setting with the sun; -- the opposite of <i>acronycal</i>.</def>

<h1>Cosmically</h1>
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<hw>Cos"mic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With the sun at rising or setting; <as>as, a star is said to rise or set <ex>cosmically</ex> when it rises or sets with the sun</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Universally.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Cosmogonal kz-mg-n<it>a</it>l, Cosmogonic kzm-gnk, Cosmogonical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cos*mog"o*nal</hw> <tt>(k?z-m?g"?-n<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <hw>Cos`mo*gon"ic</hw> <tt>(k?z`m?-g?n"?k)</tt>, <hw>Cos`mo*gon"ic*al</hw> <tt>(-g?n"?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to cosmogony.</def>

<i>B. Powell. Gladstone.</i>

<h1>Cosmogonist</h1>
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<hw>Cos*mog"o*nist</hw> <tt>(k?z-m?g"?-n?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who treats of the origin of the universe; one versed in cosmogony.</def><-- cosmologist -->

<h1>Cosmogony</h1>
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<hw>Cos*mog"o*ny</hw> <tt>(-n?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cosmogonies</plw> <tt>(-n<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Gr. <grk>kosmogoni`a</grk>; <grk>ko`smos</grk> the world + root of <grk>gi`gnesthai</grk> to be born: cf. F. <ets>cosmogonie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The creation of the world or universe; a theory or account of such creation; <as>as, the poetical <ex>cosmogony</ex> of Hesoid; the <i>cosmogonies</i> of Thales, Anaxagoras, and Plato.</as></def><-- =cosmology -->

<blockquote>The <b>cosmogony</b> or creation of the world has puzzled philosophers of all ages.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cosmographer</h1>
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<hw>Cos*mog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(-r?-f?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who describes the world or universe, including the heavens and the earth.</def><-- =cosmologist -->

<blockquote>The name of this island is nowhere found among the old and ancient <b>cosmographers</b>.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cosmographic kzm-grfk, Cosmographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cos`mo*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(k?z`m?-gr?f"?k)</tt>, <hw>Cos`mo*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(-?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cosmographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to cosmography.</def>

<h1>Cosmographically</h1>
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<hw>Cos`mo*graph"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a cosmographic manner; in accordance with cosmography.</def>

<h1>Cosmography</h1>
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<hw>Cos*mog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(k?z-m?g"r?-f?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cosmographies</plw> <tt>(-f<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/; <?/<?/<?/ the world + <?/<?/<?/ to write: cf. F. <ets>cosmographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of the world or of the universe; or the science which teaches the constitution of the whole system of worlds, or the figure, disposition, and relation of all its parts.</def>

<h1>Cosmolabe</h1>
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<hw>Cos"mo*labe</hw> <tt>(k?z"m?-l?b)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ the world + <?/<?/<?/<?/ to take: cf. F. <ets>cosmolade</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument resembling the astrolabe, formerly used for measuring the angles between heavenly bodies; -- called also <altname>pantacosm</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cosmolatry</h1>
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<hw>Cos*mol"a*try</hw> <tt>(k?z-m?l"?-tr?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ the world + <?/<?/<?/ to worship.]</ety> <def>Worship paid to the world.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Cosmoline</h1>
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<hw>Cos"mo*line</hw> <tt>(k?z"m?-l?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>cosmetic</ets> + L. <ets>ole</ets>um oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance obtained from the residues of the distillation of petroleum, essentially the same as <i>vaseline</i>, but of somewhat stiffer consistency, and consisting of a mixture of the higher paraffines; a kind of petroleum jelly.</def>

<h1>Cosmological</h1>
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<hw>Cos`mo*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(k?z`m?-l?j"?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to cosmology.</def>

<h1>Cosmologist</h1>
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<hw>Cos*mol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(k?z-m?l"?-j?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who describes the universe; one skilled in cosmology.</def>

<h1>Cosmology</h1>
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<hw>Cos*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(k?z-m?l"?-j?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>ko`smos</grk> the world + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cosmologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of the world or universe; or a treatise relating to the structure and parts of the system of creation, the elements of bodies, the modifications of material things, the laws of motion, and the order and course of nature.</def>

<h1>Cosmometry</h1>
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<hw>Cos*mom"e*try</hw> <tt>(k?z-m?m"?-tr?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>ko`smos</grk> the world + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of measuring the world or the universe.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Cosmoplastic</h1>
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<hw>Cos`mo*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(k?z`m?-pl?s"t?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>ko`smos</grk> the world + <grk>pla`ssein</grk> to form.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a plastic force as operative in the formation of the world independently of God; world-forming.</def> "<i>Cosmoplastic</i> and hylozoic atheisms."

<i>Gudworth.</i>

<h1>Cosmopolitan -pl-t<it>a</it>n, Cosmopolite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cos`mo*pol"i*tan</hw> <tt>(-p?l"?-t<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <hw>Cos*mop"o*lite</hw> <tt>(k?z-m?p"?-l?t)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/; <?/<?/<?/ the world + <?/<?/<?/ citizen, <?/<?/<?/ city: cf. F. <ets>cosmopolitain</ets>, <ets>cosmopolite</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who has no fixed residence, or who is at home in every place; a citizen of the world.</def>

<h1>Cosmopolitan, Cosmopolite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cos`mo*pol"i*tan</hw>, <hw>Cos*mop"o*lite</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having no fixed residence; at home in any place; free from local attachments or prejudices; not provincial; liberal.</def>

<blockquote>In other countries taste is perphaps too exclusively national, in Germany it is certainly too <b>cosmopolite</b>.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Common everywhere; widely spread; found in all parts of the world.</def>

<blockquote>The Cheiroptera are <b>cosmopolitan</b>.
<i>R. Owen.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cosmopolitanism</h1>
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<hw>Cos`mo*pol"i*tan*ism</hw> <tt>(k?z`m?-p?l"?-t<it>a</it>n-?z'm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being cosmopolitan; cosmopolitism.</def>

<h1>Cosmopolite</h1>
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<hw>Cos*mop"o*lite</hw> <tt>(-m?p"?-l?t)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cosmopolitan</er>.</def>

<h1>Cosmopolitical</h1>
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<hw>Cos`mo*po*lit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(k?z`m?-p?-l?t"?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the character of a cosmopolite.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hackluyt.</i>

<h1>Cosmopolitism</h1>
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<hw>Cos*mop"o*li*tism</hw> <tt>(k?z-m?p"?-l?-t?z'm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or character of a cosmopolite; disregard of national or local peculiarities and prejudices.</def>

<h1>Cosmorama</h1>
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<hw>Cos`mo*ra"ma</hw> <tt>(k?z`m?-r?"m? &or; -r?"m?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ the world + <?/<?/<?/ a sight, spectacle, fr. <?/<?/<?/ to see.]</ety> <def>An exhibition in which a series of views in various parts of the world is seen reflected by mirrors through a series of lenses, with such illumination, etc., as will make the views most closely represent reality.</def>

<hr>
<page="329">
Page 329<p>

<h1>Cosmoramic</h1>
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<hw>Cos`mo*ram"ic</hw> <tt>(k?z`m?-r?m"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a cosmorama.</def>

<h1>Cosmos</h1>
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<hw>Cos"mos</hw> <tt>(k?z"m?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>ko`smos</grk> order, harmony, the world (from its perfect order and arrangement); akin to Skr. <ets><?/ad</ets> to distinguish one's self.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The universe or universality of created things; -- so called from the order and harmony displayed in it.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The theory or description of the universe, as a system displaying order and harmony.</def>

<i>Humboldt.</i>

<h1>Cosmosphere</h1>
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<hw>Cos"mo*sphere</hw> <tt>(k?z"m?-sf?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ the world + E. <ets>sphere</ets>.]</ety> <def>An apparattus for showing the position of the earth, at any given time, with respect to the fixed stars. It consist of a hollow glass globe, on which are depicted the stars and constellations, and within which is a terrestrial globe.</def>

<h1>Cosmotheism</h1>
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<hw>Cos"mo*the`ism</hw> <tt>(k?z"m?-th?`?z'm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ the world + <?/<?/<?/ god.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Pantheism</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cosmothetic</h1>
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<hw>Cos`mo*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(k?z`m?-th?t"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ universe + <?/<?/<?/ to place or arrange.]</ety> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Assuming or positing the actual existence or reality of the physical or external world.</def>

<cs><col>Cosmothetic idealists</col> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld>, <cd>those who assume, without attempting to prove, the reality of external objects as corresponding to, and being the ground of, the ideas of which only the mind has direct cognizance.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>The <b>cosmothetic idealists</b> . . . deny that mind is immediately conscious of matter.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cosovereign</h1>
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<hw>Co*sov"er*eign</hw> <tt>(k?-s?v"?r-?n &or; k?-s?v"-)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A joint sovereign.</def>

<h1>Coss</h1>
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<hw>Coss</hw> <tt>(k?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Pers. <ets>k<?/s</ets> a road measure of about two miles; or Skr. <ets>kr<?/<?/a</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Hindoo measure of distance, varying from one and a half to two English miles.</def>

<i>Whitworth.</i>

<h1>Coss</h1>
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<hw>Coss</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>cosa</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thing (only in phrase below).</def>

<cs><col>Rule of Coss</col>, <cd>an old name for <i>Algebra</i>. <ety>[It. <i>regola di cosa</i> rule of thing, the unknown quantity being called the <i>cosa</i>, or the thing.]</ety></cd></cs>

<h1>Cossack</h1>
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<hw>Cos"sack</hw> <tt>(k?s"s?k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>kozak'</ets>, <ets>kazak'</ets>: cf. Turk. <ets>kaz<?/k</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of a warlike, pastoral people, skillful as horsemen, inhabiting different parts of the Russian empire and furnishing valuable contingents of irregular cavalry to its armies, those of Little Russia and those of the Don forming the principal divisions.</def>

<h1>Cossas</h1>
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<hw>Cos"sas</hw> <tt>(k?s"s?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Plain India muslin, of various qualities and widths.</def>

<h1>Cosset</h1>
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<hw>Cos"set</hw> <tt>(k?s"s?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS.  <ets>cotsetla</ets> cottager, G. <ets>kossat</ets>, <ets>kothsasse</ets>, fr. <ets>kot</ets>, <ets>koth</ets> E. (<ets>cot</ets>) hut, and cf. also E. <ets>cade</ets>, <ets>a.</ets>, <ets>cot</ets> a cade lamb.]</ety> <def>A lamb reared without the aid of the dam. Hence: A pet, in general.</def>

<h1>Cosset</h1>
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<hw>Cos"set</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat as a pet; to fondle.</def>

<blockquote>She was <b>cosseted</b> and posseted and prayed over and made much of.
<i>O. W. Holmes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cossic kssk, Cossical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cos"sic</hw> <tt>(k?s"s?k)</tt>, <hw>Cos"sic*al</hw> <tt>(-s?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>cossico</ets>. See 2d <er>Coss</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to algebra; <as>as, <ex>cossic</ex> numbers, or the <ex>cossic</def></ex> art</as>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Art of numbers <i>cossical</i>."

<i>Digges (1579).</i>

<h1>Cost</h1>
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<hw>Cost</hw> <tt>(k?st; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>costa</ets> rib. See <er>Coast</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rib; a side; a region or coast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<blockquote>Betwixt the <b>costs</b> of a ship.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cottise</er>.</def>

<h1>Cost</h1>
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<hw>Cost</hw> <tt>(k?st; 115)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cost</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Costing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>coster</ets>, <ets>couster</ets>, F.  <ets>co<?/ter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>constare</ets> to stand at, to cost; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>stare</ets> to stand. See <er>Stand</er>, and cf. <er>Constant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To require to be given, expended, or laid out therefor, as in barter, purchase, acquisition, etc.; to cause the cost, expenditure, relinquishment, or loss of; <as>as, the ticket <ex>cost</ex> a dollar; the effort <ex>cost</ex> his life.</as></def>

<blockquote>A d'amond gone, <b>cost</b> me two thousand ducats.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Though it <b>cost</b> me ten nights' watchings.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To require to be borne or suffered; to cause.</def>

<blockquote>To do him wanton rites, which<b>cost</b> them woe.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To cost dear</col>, <cd>to require or occasion a large outlay of money, or much labor, self-denial, suffering, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cost</h1>
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<hw>Cost</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cost</ets>, F. <ets>co<?/t</ets>. See <er>Cost</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The amount paid, charged, or engaged to be paid, for anything bought or taken in barter; charge; expense; hence, whatever, as labor, self-denial, suffering, etc., is requisite to secure benefitt.</def>

<blockquote>One day shall crown the alliance on 't so please you,
Here at my house, and at my proper <b>cost</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>At less <b>cost</b> of life than is often expended in a skirmish, [Charles V.] saved Europe from invasion.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Loss of any kind; detriment; pain; suffering.</def>

<blockquote>I know thy trains,
Though dearly to my <b>cost</b>, thy gins and toils.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Expenses incurred in litigation.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Costs</i> in actions or suits are either between attorney and client, being what are payable in every case to the attorney or counsel by his client whether he ultimately succeed or not, or between party and party, being those which the law gives, or the court in its discretion decrees, to the prevailing, against the losing, party.</note>

<cs><col>Bill of costs</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bill</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cost free</col>, <cd>without outlay or expense. "Her duties being to talk French, and her privileges to live <i>cost free</i> and to gather scraps of knowledge."</cd></cs>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Costa</h1>
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<hw>Cos"ta</hw> <tt>(k?s"t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., rib. See <er>Coast</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A rib of an animal or a human being.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A rib or vein of a leaf, especially the midrib.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The anterior rib in the wing of an insect.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the riblike longitudinal ridges on the exterior of many corals.</def>

<h1>Costage</h1>
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<hw>Cost"age</hw> <tt>(k?st"?j; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>coustage</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expense; cost.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Costal</h1>
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<hw>Cos"tal</hw> <tt>(k?s"t<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>costal</ets>. See <er>Costa</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the ribs or the sides of the body; <as>as, <ex>costal</ex> nerves</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Relating to a costa, or rib.</def>

<cs><col>Costal cartilage</col>. <cd>See <er>Cartilage</er>, and <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Thorax</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Costal-nerved</h1>
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<hw>Cos"tal-nerved`</hw> <tt>(k?s"t<it>a</it>l-n?rvd`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the nerves spring from the midrib.</def>

<h1>Costard</h1>
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<hw>Cos"tard</hw> <tt>(k?s"t?rd)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. OF. <ets>coste</ets> rib, side, F. <ets>c\'93te</ets>, and meaning orig., a ribbed apple, from the ribs or angles on its sides. See <er>Coast</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An apple, large and round like the head.</def>

<blockquote>Some [apples] consist more of air than water . . . ; others more of water than wind, as your <b>costards</b> and pomewaters.
<i>Muffett.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The head; -- used contemptuously.</def>

<blockquote>Try whether your <b>costard</b> or my bat be the harder.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Costardmonger</h1>
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<hw>Cos"tard*mon`ger</hw> <tt>(-m?n`g?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A costermonger.</def>

<h1>Costate kstt, Costated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cos"tate</hw> <tt>(k?s"t?t)</tt>, <hw>Cos"ta*ted</hw> <tt>(-t?-t?d)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>costatus</ets>, fr. <ets>costa</ets> rib.]</ety> <def>Having ribs, or the appearance of ribs; <fld>(Bot.)</fld> having one or more longitudinal ribs.</def>

<h1>Costean</h1>
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<hw>Cos"tean`</hw> <tt>(k?s"t?n`)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cornish <ets>cothas</ets> dropped + <ets>stean</ets> tin.]</ety> <def>To search after lodes. See <er>Costeaning</er>.</def>

<h1>Costeaning</h1>
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<hw>Cos"tean`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process by which miners seek to discover metallic lodes. It consist in sinking small pits through the superficial deposits to the solid rock, and then driving from one pit to another across the direction of the vein, in such manner as to cross all the veins between the two pits.</def>

<h1>Costellate</h1>
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<hw>Cos*tel"late</hw> <tt>(k?s-t?l"l?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>costa</ets> rib.]</ety> <def>Finely ribbed or costated.</def>

<h1>Coster</h1>
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<hw>Cos"ter</hw> <tt>(k?s"t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[Abbrev. of <ets>costermonger</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who hawks about fruit, green vegetables, fish, etc.</def>

<h1>Costermonger</h1>
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<hw>Cos"ter*mon`ger</hw> <tt>(k?s"t?r-m?n`g?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Costard</er>.]</ety> <def>An apple seller; a hawker of, or dealer in, any kind of fruit or vegetables; a fruiterer.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>costardmonger</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Costiferous</h1>
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<hw>Cos*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(k?s-t?f"?r-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Costa</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Rib-bearing, as the dorsal vertebr\'91.</def>

<h1>Costive</h1>
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<hw>Cos"tive</hw> <tt>(k?s"t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>costev<?/</ets>, p. p. of <ets>costever</ets>, F.  <ets>constiper</ets>, L. <ets>constipare</ets> to press closely together, to cram; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>stipare</ets> to press together, cram. See <er>Stipulate</er>, <er>Stiff</er>, and cf. <er>Constipate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Retaining fecal matter in the bowels; having too slow a motion of the bowels; constipated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reserved; formal; close; cold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>costive</i> brain." <i>Prior</i>. "<i>Costive</i> of laughter." <i>B. Jonson</i>.

<blockquote>You must be frank, but without indiscretion; and close, but without being <b>costive</b>.
<i>Lord Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Dry and hard; impermeable; unyielding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Clay in dry seasons is <b>costive</b>, hardening with the sun and wind.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Costively</h1>
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<hw>Cos"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a costive manner.</def>

<h1>Costiveness</h1>
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<hw>Cos"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An unnatural retention of the fecal matter of the bowels; constipation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inability to express one's self; stiffness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A reverend disputant of the same <b>costiveness</b> in public elocution with myself.
<i>Wakefield.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Costless</h1>
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<hw>Cost"less</hw> <tt>(k?st"l?s; 115)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Costing nothing.</def>

<h1>Costlewe</h1>
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<hw>Cost"lewe</hw> <tt>(-l?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Costly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Costliness</h1>
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<hw>Cost"li*ness</hw> <tt>(-l?-n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being costy; expensiveness; sumptuousness.</def>

<h1>Costly</h1>
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<hw>Cost"ly</hw> <tt>(k?st"l?; 115)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From Cost expense.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of great cost; expensive; dear.</def>

<blockquote>He had fitted up his palace in the most <b>costly</b> and sumptuous style, for the accomodation of the princess.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gorgeous; sumptuous.</def> <mark>[Poetic.]</mark>

<blockquote>To show how <b>costly</b> summer was at hand.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Costmary</h1>
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<hw>Cost"ma*ry</hw> <tt>(k?st"m?-r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>costum</ets> an Oriental aromatic plant (Gr. <?/<?/<?/, cf. Ar. <ets>kost</ets>, <ets>kust</ets>) + <ets>Maria</ets> Mary. Cf.<er>Alecost</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A garden plant (<spn>Chrysanthemum Balsamita</spn>) having a strong balsamic smell, and nearly allied to tansy. It is used as a pot herb and salad plant and in flavoring ale and beer. Called also <altname>alecost</altname>.</def>

<h1>Costotome</h1>
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<hw>Cos"to*tome</hw> <tt>(k?s"t?-t?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Costa</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to cut.]</ety> <def>An instrument (chisel or shears) to cut the ribs and open the thoracic cavity, in post-mortem examinations and dissections.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Costrel</h1>
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<hw>Cos"trel</hw> <tt>(k?s"tr?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[CF.W. <ets>costrel</ets>, OF.  <ets>costrel</ets>, LL.  <ets>costrellum</ets>, a liquid measure, <ets>costrellus</ets> a wine cup.]</ety> <def>A bottle of leather, earthenware, or wood, having ears by which it was suspended at the side.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>A youth, that, following with a <b>costrel</b>, bore
The means of goodly welcome, flesh and wine.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Costume</h1>
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<hw>Cos"tume`</hw> <tt>(k?s"t?m` &or; k?s-t?m")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>costume</ets>, It. <ets>costume</ets> custom, dress, fr. L. <ets>consuetumen</ets> (not found), for <ets>consuetudo</ets> custom. See <er>Custom</er>, and cf. <er>Consuetude</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dress in general; esp., the distinctive style of dress of a people, class, or period.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Such an arrangement of accessories, as in a picture, statue, poem, or play, as is appropriate to the time, place, or other circumstances represented or described.</def>

<blockquote>I began last night to read Walter Scott's Lay of the Last Minstrel . . . .I was extremely delighted with the poetical beauty of some parts . . . .The <b>costume</b>, too, is admirable.
<i>Sir J. Mackintosh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A character dress, used at fancy balls or for dramatic purposes.</def>

<h1>Costumer</h1>
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<hw>Cos"tum`er</hw> <tt>(-t?m`?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes or deals in costumes, as for theaters, fancy balls, etc.</def>

<h1>Co-sufferer</h1>
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<hw>Co-suf"fer*er</hw> <tt>(k?-s?f"f?r-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who suffers with another.</def>

<i>Wycherley.</i>

<h1>Cosupreme</h1>
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<hw>Co`su*preme"</hw> <tt>(k?`s?-pr?m")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A partaker of supremacy; one jointly supreme.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cosurety</h1>
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<hw>Co*sure"ty</hw> <tt>(k?-sh?r"t?; 136)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cosureties</plw> <tt>(-t<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who is surety with another.</def>

<h1>Cosy</h1>
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<hw>Co"sy</hw> <tt>(k?"z?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Cozy</er>.</def>

<h1>Cot</h1>
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<hw>Cot</hw> <tt>(k?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cot</ets>, <ets>cote</ets>, AS. <ets>cot</ets>, <ets>cote</ets>, cottage; akin to D. & Icel. <ets>kot</ets>, G.  <ets>koth</ets>, <ets>kot</ets>, <ets>kothe</ets>. Cf. <er>Coat</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A small house; a cottage or hut.</def>

<blockquote>The sheltered <b>cot</b>, the cultivated farm.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pen, coop, or like shelter for small domestic animals, as for sheep or pigeons; a cote.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A cover or sheath; <as>as, a roller <ex>cot</ex> (the clothing of a drawing roller in a spinning frame); a <ex>cot</ex> for a sore finger.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[Cf. Ir. <ets>cot</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small, rudely-formed boat.</def>

<cs><col>Bell cot</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Bell</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cot</h1>
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<hw>Cot</hw> <tt>(k?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cot</ets> cottage, bedchamber; or cf. OF. <ets>coite</ets>, F. <ets>couette</ets> (E. <ets>quilt</ets>), LL. <ets>cottum</ets>, <ets>cottus</ets>, mattress. See <er>Cot</er> a cottage.]</ety> <def>A sleeping place of limited size; a little bed; a cradle; a piece of canvas extended by a frame, used as a bed.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cott</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cotangent</h1>
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<hw>Co*tan"gent</hw> <tt>(k?-t?n"j<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>co</ets>. <ets>tangens</ets>, an abbrev. of L. <ets>complementi tangens</ets>. See <er>Tangent</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Trig.)</fld> <def>The tangent of the complement of an arc or angle. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Functions</er>.</def>

<h1>Cotarnine</h1>
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<hw>Co*tar"nine</hw> <tt>(k?-t?r"n?n &or; -n?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>narcotine</ets>, by transposition of letters.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline substance, <chform>C12H13NO3</chform>, obtained as a product of the decomposition of narcotine. It has weak basic properties, and is usually regarded as an alkaloid.</def>

<h1>Cote</h1>
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<hw>Cote</hw> <tt>(k?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Cot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cottage or hut.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A shed, shelter, or inclosure for small domestic animals, as for sheep or doves.</def>

<blockquote>Watching where shepherds pen their flocks, at eve,
In hurdled <b>cotes</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cote</h1>
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<hw>Cote</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from F. <ets>c<?/t<?/</ets> sode, OF. <ets>costet</ets>, LL. <ets>costatus</ets>, <ets>costatum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>costu</ets> rib, side: cf. F. <ets>c<?/toyer</ets> to go or keep at the side of. See <er>Coast</er>.]</ety> <def>To go side by side with; hence, to pass by; to outrun and get before; <as>as, a dog <ex>cotes</ex> a hare</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<blockquote>We <b>coted</b> them on the way, and hither are they coming.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cote</h1>
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<hw>Cote</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Quote</er>.]</ety> <def>To quote.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Cotemporaneous</h1>
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<hw>Co*tem`po*ra"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(k?-t?m`p?-r?"n?-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Contemporaneous</er>.]</ety> <def>Living or being at the same time; contemporaneous.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Co*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Co*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Cotemporary</h1>
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<hw>Co*tem"po*ra*ry</hw> <tt>(k?-t?m"p?-r?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Living or being at the same time; contemporary.</def>

<h1>Cotemporary</h1>
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<hw>Co*tem"po*ra*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cotemporaries</plw> <tt>(-r<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who lives at the same time with another; a contemporary.</def>

<h1>Cotenant</h1>
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<hw>Co*ten"ant</hw> <tt>(k?-t?n"<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tenant in common, or a joint tenant.</def>

<h1>Coterie</h1>
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<hw>Co`te*rie"</hw> <tt>(k?`T<it>e</it>-r?"; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., prob. from OF. <ets>coterie</ets> servile tenure, fr. <ets>colier</ets> cotter; of German origin. See 1st <er>Cot</er>.]</ety> <def>A set or circle of persons who meet familiarly, as for social, literary, or other purposes; a clique.</def> "The queen of your <i>coterie</i>."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Coterminous</h1>
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<hw>Co*ter"mi*nous</hw> <tt>(k?-t?r"m?-n?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.  <er>Conterminous</er>.]</ety> <def>Bordering; conterminous; -- followed by <i>with</i>.</def>

<h1>Cotgare</h1>
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<hw>Cot"gare`</hw> <tt>(k?t"g?r`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Refuse wool.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.]</mark>

<h1>Cothurn</h1>
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<hw>Co"thurn</hw> <tt>(k?"th?rn)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cothurnus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/. Cf.  <er>Cothurnus</er>.]</ety> <def>A buskin anciently used by tragic actors on the stage; hence, tragedy in general.</def>

<blockquote>The moment had arrived when it was thought that the mask and the <b>cothurn</b> might be assumed with effect.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cothurnate k-thrnt, Cothurnated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Co*thur"nate</hw> <tt>(k?-th?r"n?t)</tt>, <hw>Co*thur"na*ted</hw> <tt>(-n?-t?d)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wearing a cothurn.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating to tragedy; solemn; grave.</def>

<h1>Cothurnus</h1>
<Xpage=329>

<hw>Co*thur"nus</hw> <tt>(-n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Cothurn</er>.</def>

<h1>Coticular</h1>
<Xpage=329>

<hw>Co*tic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(k?-t?k"?-l?r)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>coticula</ets> a small touchstone, dim. <ets>cos</ets>, <ets>cotis</ets>, whetstone.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to whetstones; like or suitable for whetstones.</def>

<h1>Cotidal</h1>
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<hw>Co*tid"al</hw> <tt>(k?-t?d"<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marking an equality in the tides; having high tide at the same time.</def>

<cs><col>Cotidal lines</col> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld>, <cd>lines on a map passing through places that have high tide at the same time.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cotillon kt<er>yn</er> &or; ktl-;277, Cotillion</h1>
<Xpage=329>

<hw><hw>Co`til`lon"</hw> <tt>(k?`t?`<er>y?n</er>" &or; k?`t?l`-;277)</tt>, <hw>Co*til"lion</hw> <tt>(k?-t?l"y?n)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>cotillon</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>cote</ets> coat, LL. <ets>cotta</ets> tunic. See <er>Coat</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A brisk dance, performed by eight persons; a quadrille.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tune which regulates the dance.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of woolen material for women's skrits.</def>

<h1>Cotinga</h1>
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<hw>Co*tin"ga</hw> <tt>(k?-t?n"g?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native South American name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of the family <spn>Cotingid\'91</spn>, including numerous bright-colored South American species; -- called also <altname>chatterers</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cotise</h1>
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<hw>Cot"ise</hw> <tt>(k?t"?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cottise</er>.</def>

<h1>Cotised</h1>
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<hw>Cot"ised</hw> <tt>(-?st)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cottised</er>.</def>

<h1>Cotland</h1>
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<hw>Cot"land</hw> <tt>(k?t"l?nd)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Land appendant to a cot or cottage, or held by a cottager or cotter.</def>

<h1>Cotquean</h1>
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<hw>Cot"quean`</hw> <tt>(k?t"kw?n`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cot</ets> a cottage + <ets>quean</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A man who busies himself with affairs which properly belong to women.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A she-cuckold; a cucquean; a henhussy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What, shall a husband be afraid of his wife's face?
We are a king, <b>cotquean</b>, and we will reign in our pleasures.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cotqueanity</h1>
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<hw>Cot*quean"i*ty</hw> <tt>(k?t-kw?n"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition, character, or conduct of a cotquean.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Cotrustee</h1>
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<hw>Co`trus*tee"</hw> <tt>(k?`tr?s-t?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A joint trustee.</def>

<h1>Cotswold</h1>
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<hw>Cots"wold`</hw> <tt>(k?ts"w?ld`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cot</ets> a cottage or hut + <ets>wold</ets> an open country.]</ety> <def>An open country abounding in sheepcotes, as in the Cotswold hills, in Gloucestershire, England.</def>

<cs><col>Cotswold sheep</col>, <cd>a long-wooled breed of sheep, formerly common in the counties of Gloucester, Hereford, and Worcester, Eng.; -- so called from the <ets>Cotswold</ets> Hills. The breed is now chiefly amalgamated with others.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cottage</h1>
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<hw>Cot"tage</hw> <tt>(k?t"t?j; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cot</er> a cotttage.]</ety> <def>A small house; a cot; a hut.</def>

<note>&hand; The term was formerly limited to a habitation for the poor, but is now applied to any small tasteful dwelling; and at places of summer resort, to any residence or lodging house of rustic architecture, irrespective of size.</note>

<cs><col>Cottage allotment</col>. <cd>See under <er>Alloment</er>.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Cottage cheese</col>, <cd>the thick part of clabbered milk strained, salted, and pressed into a ball.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cottaged</h1>
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<hw>Cot"taged</hw> <tt>(-t?jd)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Set or covered with cottages.</def>

<blockquote>Even humble Harting's <b>cottaged</b> vale.
<i>Collins.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cottagely</h1>
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<hw>Cot"tage*ly</hw> <tt>(-t?j-l?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cottagelike; suitable for a cottage; rustic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Cottager</h1>
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<hw>Cot"ta*ger</hw> <tt>(k?t"t?-j?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who lives in a cottage.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who lives on the common, without paying any rent, or having land of his own.</def>

<h1>Cotter, Cottar</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cot"ter</hw>, <hw>Cot"tar</hw><hw> <tt>(k?t"t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>cotarius</ets>, <ets>cottarius</ets>, <ets>coterius</ets>. See <er>Cot</er>.]</ety> <def>A cottager; a cottier.</def>

<i>Burns.</i>

<blockquote>Through Sandwich Notch the West Wind sang
Good morrow to the <b>cotter</b>.
<i>Whittier.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="330">
Page 330<p>

<h1>Cotter</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Cot"ter</hw> <tt>(k?t"t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of wood or metal, commonly wedge-shaped, used for fastening together parts of a machine or structure. It is driven into an opening through one or all of the parts. <note>[See <i>Illust</i>.]</note> In the United States a cotter is commonly called a <i>key</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A toggle.</def>

<h1>Cotter</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Cot"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fasten with a cotter.</def>

<h1>Cottier</h1>
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<hw>Cot"ti*er</hw> <tt>(-t?-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cotier</ets>. See <er>Coterie</er>, and cf. <er>Cotter</er>.]</ety> <def>In Great Britain and Ireland, a person who hires a small cottage, with or without a plot of land. Cottiers commonly aid in the work of the landlord's farm.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cottar</asp> and <asp>cotter</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cottise</h1>
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<hw>Cot"tise</hw> <tt>(k?t"t?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>c<?/t<?/</ets> side, L. <ets>costa</ets> rib.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A diminutive of the bendlet, containing one half its area or one quarter the area of the bend. When a single cottise is used alone it is often called a <i>cost</i>. See also <er>Couple-close</er>.</def>

<h1>Cottised</h1>
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<hw>Cot"tised</hw> <tt>(-t?st)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Set between two cottises, -- said of a bend; or between two barrulets, -- said of a bar or fess.</def>

<h1>Cottoid</h1>
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<hw>Cot"toid</hw> <tt>(k?t"toid)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>cottus</ets> sculpin + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like a fish of the genus <spn>Cottus</spn>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A fish belonging to, or resembling, the genus <spn>Cottus</spn>. See <er>Sculpin</er>.</def></def2>

<h1>Cottelene</h1>
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<hw>Cot"te*lene`</hw> <tt>(k?t"t?-l?n`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A product from cottonseed, used as lard.</def>

<h1>Cotton</h1>
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<hw>Cot"ton</hw> <tt>(k?t"t'n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>coton</ets>, Sp. <ets>algodon</ets> the cotton plant and its wool, <ets>coton</ets> printed cotton, cloth, fr. Ar. <ets>qutun</ets>, <ets>alqutun</ets>, cotton wool. Cf. <er>Acton</er>, <er>Hacqueton</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A soft, downy substance, resembling fine wool, consisting of the unicellular twisted hairs which grow on the seeds of the cotton plant. Long-staple cotton has a fiber sometimes almost two inches long; short-staple, from two thirds of an inch to an inch and a half.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The cotton plant. See <cref>Cotten plant</cref>, below.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Cloth made of cotton.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Cotton</i> is used as an adjective before many nouns in a sense which commonly needs no explanation; as, <i>cottton</i> bagging; <i>cotton</i> clotch; <i>cotton</i> goods; <i>cotton</i> industry; <i>cotton</i> mill; <i>cotton</i> spinning; <i>cotton</i> tick.</note>

<cs><col>Cotton cambric</col>. <cd>See <er>Cambric</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Cotton flannel</col>, <cd>the manufactures' name for a heavy cotton fabric, twilled, and with a long plush nap. In England it is called <i>swan's-down cotton</i>, or <i>Canton flannel</i>.</cd> -- <col>Cotton gin</col>, <cd>a machine to separate the seeds from cotton, invented by Eli Whitney.</cd> -- <col>Cotton grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of plants (<spn>Eriphorum</spn>) of the Sedge family, having delicate capillary bristles surrounding the fruit (seedlike achenia), which elongate at maturity and resemble tufts of cotton.</cd> -- <col>Cotton mouse</col> <fld>(Zool.)</fld>, <cd>a field mouse (<spn>Hesperomys gossypinus</spn>), injurious to cotton crops.</cd> -- <col>Cotton plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Gossypium</spn>, of several species, all growing in warm climates, and bearing the cotton of commerce. The common species, originally Asiatic, is <spn>G. herbaceum</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Cotton press</col>, <cd>a building and machinery in which cotton bales are compressed into smaller bulk for shipment; a press for baling cotton.</cd> -- <col>Cotton rose</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of composite herbs (<spn>Filago</spn>), covered with a white substance resembling cotton.</cd> -- <col>Cotton scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of bark louse (<spn>Pulvinaria innumerabilis</spn>), which does great damage to the cotton plant.</cd> -- <col>Cotton shrub</col>. <cd>Same as <i>Cotton plant</i>.</cd> -- <col>Cotton stainer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of hemipterous insect (<spn>Dysdercus suturellus</spn>), which seriously damages growing cotton by staining it; -- called also <altname>redbug</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Cotton thistle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch thistle. See under <er>Thistle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cotton velvet</col>, <cd>velvet in which the warp and woof are both of cotton, and the pile is of silk; also, velvet made wholly of cotton.</cd> -- <col>Cotton waste</col>, <cd>the refuse of cotton mills.</cd> -- <col>Cotton wool</col>, <cd>cotton in its raw or woolly state.</cd> -- <col>Cotton worm</col> <fld>(Zool.)</fld>, <cd>a lepidopterous insect (<spn>Aletia argillacea</spn>), which in the larval state does great damage to the cotton plant by eating the leaves. It also feeds on corn, etc., and hence is often called <altname>corn worm</altname>, and <altname>Southern army worm</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cotton</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Cot"ton</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rise with a regular nap, as cloth does.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It <b>cottons</b> well; it can not choose but bear
A pretty nap.
<i>Family of Love.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To go on prosperously; to succeed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>New, Hephestion, does not this matter <b>cotton</b> as I would?
<i>Lyly.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To unite; to agree; to make friends; -- usually followed by <i>with</i>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>A quarrel will end in one of you being turned off, in which case it will not be easy to <b>cotton</b> with another.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Didst see, Frank, how the old goldsmith <b>cottoned</b> in with his beggarly companion?
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To take a liking to; to stick to one as cotton; -- used with <i>to</i>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Cottonade</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Cot"ton*ade`</hw> <tt>(k?t"t'n-?d`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cottonade</ets>.]</ety> <def>A somewhat stoun and thick fabric of cotton.</def>

<h1>Cottonary</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Cot"ton*a*ry</hw> <tt>(-?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or composed of, cotton; cottony.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Cottomary</b> and woolly pillows.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cottonous</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Cot"ton*ous</hw> <tt>(-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling cotton.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Cottontail</h1>
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<hw>Cot"ton*tail`</hw> <tt>(k?t"t'n-t?l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American wood rabbit (<spn>Lepus sylvaticus</spn>); -- also called <altname>Molly cottontail</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cottonweed</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Cot"ton*weed`</hw> <tt>(-w?d`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cudweed</er>.</def>

<h1>Cottonwood</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Cot"ton*wood`</hw> <tt>(-w??d`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American tree of the genus <spn>Populus</spn> or polar, having the seeds covered with abundant cottonlike hairs; esp., the <spn>P. monilifera</spn> and <spn>P. angustifolia</spn> of the Western United States.</def>

<h1>Cottony</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Cot"ton*y</hw> <tt>(-?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Covered with hairs or pubescence, like cotton; downy; nappy; woolly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to cotton; resembling cotton in appearance or character; soft, like cotton.</def>

<h1>Cottrel</h1>
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<hw>Cot"trel</hw> <tt>(k?t"tr?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A trammel, or hook to support a pot over a fire.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Cotyla kt-l, Cotyle</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cot"y*la</hw> <tt>(k?t"?-l?)</tt>, <hw>Cot"y*le</hw> <tt>(k?t"?-l?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ anything hollow, cup of a joint, small meassure: cf. L.  <ets>cotyla</ets> a measure.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A cuplike cavity or organ. Same as <er>Acetabulum</er>.</def>

<h1>Cotyledon</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Cot`y*le"don</hw> <tt>(k?t`?-l?"d?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/<?/<?/ a cupshaped hollow, fr. <?/<?/<?/. See <er>Cotyle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the patches of villi found in some forms of placenta.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leaf borne by the caulicle or radicle of an embryo; a seed leaf.</def>

<note>&hand; Many plants, as the bean and the maple, have two cotyledons, the grasses only one, and pines have several. In one African plant (<spn>Welwitschia</spn>) the cotyledons are permanent and grow to immense proportions.</note>

<h1>Cotyledonal</h1>
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<hw>Cot`y*led"on*al</hw> <tt>(k?t`?-l?d"?n-a]/>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a cotyledon.</def>

<h1>Cotyledonary</h1>
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<hw>Cot`y*led"on*a*ry</hw> <tt>(-?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a cotyledon; tufted; <as>as, the <ex>cotyledonary</ex> placenta of the cow</as>.</def>

<h1>Cotyledonous</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Cot`y*led"on*ous</hw> <tt>(-?s; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a cotyledon or cotyledons; having a seed lobe.</def>

<h1>Cotyliform</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Co*tyl"i*form</hw> <tt>(k?-t?l"?-f?rm)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cotyle</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a cotyle or a cup.</def>

<h1>Cotyligerous</h1>
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<hw>Cot`y*lig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(k?t`?-l?j"?r-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cotyle</ets> + <ets>-gerous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having cotyles.</def>

<h1>Cotyloid</h1>
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<hw>Cot"y*loid</hw> <tt>(k?t"?-loid)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cotyle</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Shaped like a cup; <as>as, the <ex>cotyloid</ex> cavity, which receives the head of the thigh bone</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to a cotyloid cavity; <as>as, the <ex>cotyloid</ex> ligament, or notch</as>.</def>

<h1>Coucal</h1>
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<hw>Cou"cal</hw> <tt>(k??"k?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, Old World, ground cuckoo of the genus <spn>Centropus</spn>, of several species.</def>

<h1>Couch</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Couch</hw> <tt>(kouch)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Couched</er> <tt>(koucht)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Couching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>coucher</ets> to lay down, lie down, OF. <ets>colchier</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>collocare</ets> to lay, put, place; <ets>col-</ets> + <ets>locare</ets> to place, fr. <ets>locus</ets> place. See <er>Locus</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay upon a bed or other resting place.</def>

<blockquote>Where unbruised youth, with unstuffed brain,
Does <b>couch</b> his limbs, there golden sleep doth reign.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To arrauge or dispose as in a bed; -- sometimes followed by the reflexive pronoun.</def>

<blockquote>The waters <b>couch</b> themselves as may be to the center of this globe, in a spherical convexity.
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lay or deposit in a bed or layer; to bed.</def>

<blockquote>It is at this day in use at Gaza, to <b>couch</b> potsherds, or vessels of earth, in their walls.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Paper Making)</fld> <def>To transfer (as sheets of partly dried pulp) from the wire clotch mold to a felt blanket, for further drying.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To conceal; to include or involve darkly.</def>

<blockquote>There is all this, and more, that lies naturally <b>couched</b> under this allegory.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To arrange; to place; to inlay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To put into some form of language; to express; to phrase; -- used with <i>in</i> and <i>under</i>.</def>

<blockquote>A well-<b>couched</b> invective.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I had received a letter from Flora <b>couched</b> in rather cool terms.
<i>Blackw. Mag.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To treat by pushing down or displacing the opaque lens with a needle; <as>as, to <ex>couch</ex> a cataract</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To couch a spear &or; lance</col>, to lower to the position of attack; to place in rest.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>He stooped his head, and <b>couched his spear</b>,
And spurred his steed to full career.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To couch malt</col>, <cd>to spread malt on a floor.</cd></cs>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Couch</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Couch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lie down or recline, as on a bed or other place of rest; to repose; to lie.</def>

<blockquote>Where souls do <b>couch</b> on flowers, we 'll hand in hand.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If I court moe women, you 'll <b>couch</b> with moe men.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lie down for concealment; to hide; to be concealed; to be included or involved darkly.</def>

<blockquote>We 'll <b>couch</b> in the castle ditch, till we see the light of our fairies.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The half-hidden, hallf-revealed wonders, that yet <b>couch</b> beneath the words of the Scripture.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bend the body, as in reverence, pain, labor, etc.; to stoop; to crouch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>An aged squire
That seemed to <b>couch</b> under his shield three-square.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Couch</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Couch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>couche</ets>, OF. <ets>colche</ets>, <ets>culche</ets>, fr. <ets>colchier</ets>. See <er>Couch</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bed or place for repose or sleep; particularly, in the United States, a lounge.</def>

<blockquote>Gentle sleep . . . why liest thou with the vile
In loathsome beds, and leavest the kingly <b>couch</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Like one that wraps the drapery of his <b>couch</b>
About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams.
<i>Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any place for repose, as the lair of a beast, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A mass of steeped barley spread upon a floor to germinate, in malting; or the floor occupied by the barley; <as>as, <ex>couch</ex> of malt</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Painting & Gilding)</fld> <def>A preliminary layer, as of color, size, etc.</def>

<h1>Couchancy</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Couch"an*cy</hw> <tt>(kouch"<it>a</it>n-s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of lying down for repose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Couchant</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Couch"ant</hw> <tt>(kouch"<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. pr. of <ets>coucher</ets>. See <er>Couch</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lying down with head erect; squatting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Lying down with the head raised, which distinguishes the posture of <i>couchant</i> from that of <i>dormant</i>, or sleeping; -- said of a lion or other beast.</def>

<cs><col>Couchant and levant</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>rising up and lying down; -- said of beasts, and indicating that they have been long enough on land, not belonging to their owner, to lie down and rise up to feed, -- such time being held to include a day and night at the least.</cd></cs>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Couch\'82</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Cou`ch\'82"</hw> <tt>(k??`sh?")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. p.  of <ets>coucher</ets>. See <er>Couch</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Not erect; inclined; -- said of anything that is usually erect, as an escutcheon.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Lying on its side; thus, a chevron <i>couch\'82</i> is one which emerges from one side of the escutcheon and has its apex on the opposite side, or at the fess point.</def>

<h1>Couched</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Couched</hw> <tt>(koucht)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Couch<?/</er>.</def>

<h1>Couchee</h1>
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<hw>Cou"chee</hw> <tt>(k??"sh?; F. k??"sh?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>couch<?/e</ets> a sleeping place from <ets>coucher</ets>. See <er>Couch</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <def>A reception held at the time of going to bed, as by a sovereign or great prince.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>
<blockquote>The duke's levees and <b>couchees</b> were so crowded that the antechambers were full.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coucher</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Couch"er</hw> <tt>(kouch"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who couches.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Paper Manuf.)</fld> <def>One who couches paper.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>collectarius</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A factor or agent resident in a country for traffic.</def> <i>Blount</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> The book in which a corporation or other body registers its particular acts.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Cowell</i>.

<h1>Couch grass</h1>
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<hw>Couch" grass`</hw> <tt>(gr?s`)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Quitch grass</er>.</def>

<h1>Couching</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Couch"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The operation of putting down or displacing the opaque lens in cataract.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Embroidering by laying the materials upon the surface of the foundation, instead of drawing them through.</def>

<h1>Couchless</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Couch"less</hw> <tt>(kouch"l?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no couch or bed.</def>

<h1>Coudee</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Cou"dee</hw> <tt>(k??"d?; F. k??`d?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>coud<?/e</ets>, from <ets>coude</ets> elbow.]</ety> <def>A measure of length; the distance from the elbow to the end of the middle finger; a cubit.</def>

<h1>Cougar</h1>
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<hw>Cou"gar</hw> <tt>(k??"g?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>couguar</ets>, from the native name in the South American dialects, <ets>cuguacuara</ets>, <ets>cuguacuarana</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American feline quadruped (<spn>Felis concolor</spn>), resembling the African panther in size and habits. Its color is tawny, without spots; hence writers often called it the <altname>American lion</altname>. Called also <altname>puma</altname>, <altname>panther</altname>, <altname>mountain lion</altname>, and <altname>catamount</altname>. See <er>Puma</er>.</def>

<h1>Cough</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Cough</hw> <tt>(k?f)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Coughed</er> <tt>(k?ft)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coughing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>kuchen</ets>, MHG. <ets>k<?/chen</ets> to breathe, G. <ets>keuchen</ets> to pant, and E.  <ets>chincough</ets>, the first part of which is prob. akin to <ets>cough</ets>; cf. also E. <ets>choke</ets>.]</ety> <def>To expel air, or obstructing or irritating matter, from the lungs or air passages, in a noisy and violent manner.</def>

<h1>Cough</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Cough</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To expel from the lungs or air passages by coughing; -- followed by <i>up</i>; <as>as, to <ex>cough</ex> up phlegm</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring to a specified state by coughing; <as>as, he <ex>coughed</ex> himself hoarse</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To cough down</col>, <cd>to silence or put down (an objectionable speaker) by simulated coughing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cough</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Cough</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cg. D.  <ets>kuch</ets>. See <er>Cough</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden, noisy, and violent expulsion of air from the chest, caused by irritation in the air passages, or by the reflex action of nervous or gastric disorder, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The more or less frequent repetition of coughing, constituting a symptom of disease.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Stomach cough</col>, <col>Ear cough</col></mcol>, <cd>cough due to irritation in the stomach or ear.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cougher</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Cough"er</hw> <tt>(k?f"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who coughs.</def>

<h1>Couhage</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Cou"hage</hw> <tt>(kou"?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cowhage</er>.</def>

<h1>Could</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Could</hw> <tt>(k??d)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <mord>of <er>Can</er></mord>. <ety>[OF. <ets>coude</ets>. The <ets>l</ets> was inserted by mistake, under the influence of <ets>should</ets> and <ets>would</ets>.]</ety> <def>Was, should be, or would be, able, capable, or susceptible. Used as an auxiliary, in the past tense or in the conditional present.</def>

<h1>Coulee</h1>
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<hw>Cou`lee"</hw> <tt>(k??`l?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>coul\'82e</ets>, fr. <ets>couler</ets> to run or flow.]</ety> <def>A stream</def>; <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>a stream of lava. Also, in the Western United States, the bed of a stream, even if dry, when deep and having inclined sides; distinguished from a <i>ca\'a4on</i>, which has precipitous sides.</def>

<h1>Coulisse</h1>
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<hw>Cou*lisse"</hw> <tt>(k??-l?s"; F. k??`l?s")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>couler</ets> to flow, glide.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of timber having a groove in which something glides.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the side scenes of the stage in a theater, or the space included between the side scenes.</def>

<h1>Couloir</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Cou`loir"</hw> <tt>(k??`lw?r")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a strainer.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A deep gorge; a gully.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Hydraul. Engin.)</fld> <def>A dredging machine for excavating canals, etc.</def>

<h1>Coulomb</h1>
<Xpage=330>

<hw>Cou`lomb"</hw> <tt>(k??`<er>l?n</er>")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Coulomb</ets>, a French physicist and electrican.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The standard unit of quantity in electrical measurements. It is the quantity of electricity conveyed in one second by the current produced by an electro-motive force of one volt acting in a circuit having a resistance of one ohm, or the quantitty transferred by one amp\'8are in one second. Formerly called <i>weber</i>.</def>

<h1>Coulter</h1>
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<hw>Coul"ter</hw> <tt>(k?l"t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Colter</er>.</def>

<h1>Coulterneb</h1>
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<hw>Coul"ter*neb`</hw> <tt>(-n?b`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The puffin.</def>

<h1>Coumaric</h1>
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<hw>Cou*mar"ic</hw> <tt>(k??-m?r"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, derived from, or like, the <spn>Dipterix odorata</spn>, a tree of Guiana.</def>

<cs><col>Coumaric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>one of a series of aromatic acids, related to cinnamic acid, the most important of which is a white crystalline substance, <chform>HO.C6H4.C2H2.CO2H</chform>, obtained from the tonka bean, sweet clover, etc., and also produced artifically.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coumarin</h1>
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<hw>Cou"ma*rin</hw> <tt>(k??"m?-r?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>coumarou</ets>, a tree of Guiana.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The concrete essence of the tonka bean, the fruit of <spn>Dipterix (formerly <spn>Coumarouna</spn>) odorata</spn> and consisting essentially of coumarin proper, which is a white crystalline substance, <chform>C9H6O2</chform>, of vanilla-like odor, regarded as an anhydride of coumaric acid, and used in flavoring. Coumarin in also made artificially.</def>

<hr>
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Page 331<p>

<h1>Council</h1>
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<hw>Coun"cil</hw> <tt>(koun"s?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>concile</ets>, fr. L. <ets>concilium</ets>; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>calare</ets> to call, akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to call, and E. <ets>hale</ets>, v., <ets>haul</ets>. Cf. <er>Conciliate</er>. This word is often confounded with <ets>counsel</ets>, with which it has no connection.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An assembly of men summoned or convened for consultation, deliberation, or advice; <as>as, a <ex>council</ex> of physicians for consultation in a critical case</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A body of man elected or appointed to constitute an advisory or a legislative assembly; <as>as, a governor's <ex>council</ex>; a city <ex>council</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>An old lord of the <b>council</b> rated me the other day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Act of deliberating; deliberation; consultation.</def>

<blockquote>Satan . . . void of rest,
His potentates to <b>council</b> called by night.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O great in action and in <b>council</b> wise.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Aulic council</col>. <cd>See under <er>Aulic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cabinet council</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cabinet</er>.</cd> -- <col>City council</col>, <cd>the legislative branch of a city government, usually consisting of a board of aldermen and common council, but sometimes otherwise constituted.</cd> -- <col>Common council</col>. <cd>See under <er>Common</er>.</cd></cd> -- <mcol><col>Council board</col>, <col>Council table</col></mcol>, <cd>the table round which a council holds consultation; also, the council itself in deliberation.</cd> -- <col>Council chamber</col>, <cd>the room or apartment in which a council meets.</cd> -- <col>Council fire</col>, <cd>the ceremonial fire kept burning while the Indians hold their councils.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> <i>Barilett</i>. -- <col>Council of war</col>, <cd>an assembly of officers of high rank, called to consult with the commander in chief in regard to measures or importance or nesessity.</cd> -- <col>Ecumenical council</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>an assembly of prelates or divines convened from the whole body of the church to regulate matters of doctrine or discipline.</cd> -- <col>Executive council</col>, <cd>a body of men elected as advisers of the chief magistrate, whether of a State or the nation.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Legislative council</col>, <cd>the upper house of a legislature, usually called the <i>senate</i>.</cd> -- <col>Privy council</col>. <cd>See under <er>Privy</er>. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Assembly; meeting; congress; diet; parliament; convention; convocation; synod.</syn>

<h1>Councilist</h1>
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<hw>Coun"cil*ist</hw> <tt>(koun"s?l-?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who belong to a council; one who gives an opinion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I will in three months be an expert <b>counsilist</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Councilman</h1>
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<hw>Coun"cil*man</hw> <tt>(koun`s?l-m<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Councilmen</plw> <tt>(-m<i>e</i>n)</tt></plu>. <def>A member of a council, especially of the common council of a city; a councilor.</def>

<h1>Councilor</h1>
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<hw>Coun"cil*or</hw> <tt>(koun"s?l-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A member of a council.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>councillor</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; The distinction between <i>councilor</i>, a member of a council, and <i>counselor</i>, one who gives councel, was not formerly made, but is now very generally recognized and observed.</note>

<h1>Co-une</h1>
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<hw>Co`-une"</hw> <tt>(k?`?n")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>unus</ets> one.]</ety> <def>To combine or unite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Co-uned</i> together."

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Co-unite</h1>
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<hw>Co`-u*nite"</hw> <tt>(k?`?-n?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To unite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Co-unite</h1>
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<hw>Co`-u*nite"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>United closely with another.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Counsel</h1>
<Xpage=331>

<hw>Coun"sel</hw> <tt>(koun"s?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>conc<?/l</ets>, F.  <ets>conseil</ets>, fr. L. <ets>consilium</ets>, fr. the root of <ets>consulere</ets> to consult, of uncertain origin. Cf. <er>Consult</er>, <er>Consul</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Interchange of opinions; mutual advising; consultation.</def>

<blockquote>All the chief priest and elders of the people took <b>counsel</b> against Jesus, to put him to death.
<i>Matt. xxvii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Examination of consequences; exercise of deliberate judgment; prudence.</def>

<blockquote>They all confess, therefore, in the working of that first cause, that <b>counsel</b> is used.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Result of consultation; advice; instruction.</def>

<blockquote>I like thy <b>counsel</b>; well hast thou advised.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It was ill <b>counsel</b> had misled the girl.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Deliberate purpose; design; intent; scheme; plan.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>counsel</b> of the Lord standeth forever.
<i>Ps. xxxiii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>counsels</b> of the wicked are deceit.
<i>Prov. xii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A secret opinion or purpose; a private matter.</def>

<blockquote>Thilke lord . . . to whom no <b>counsel</b> may be hid.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>One who gives advice, especially in legal matters; one professionally engaged in the trial or management of a cause in court; also, collectively, the legal advocates united in the management of a case; <as>as, the defendant has able <ex>counsel</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The King found his <b>counsel</b> as refractory as his judges.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The some courts a distinction is observed between the attorney and the counsel in a cause, the former being employed in the management iof the more mechanical parts of the suit, the latter in attending to the pleadings, managing the cause at the trial, and in applying the law to the exigencies of the case during the whole progress of the suit. In other courts the same person can exercise the powers of each. See <er>Attorney</er>.</note>

<i>Kent.</i>

<cs><col>In counsel</col>, <cd>in secret. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>To keep counsel</col>, &or; <col>To keep one's own counsel</col>, <cd>to keep one's thoughts, purposes, etc., undisclosed.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>The players can not <b>keep counsel</b>: they 'll tell all.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Advice; consideration; consultation; purpose; scheme; opinion.</syn>

<h1>Counsel</h1>
<Xpage=331>

<hw>Coun"sel</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Counseled</er> <tt>(-s?ld)</tt> &or; <er>Counselled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Counseling</er> &or; <er>Counselling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>conseilen</ets>, <ets>counseilen</ets>, F.  <ets>conseiller</ets>, fr. L. <ets>consiliari</ets>, fr. <ets>consilium</ets> counsel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give advice to; to advice, admonish, or instruct, as a person.</def>

<blockquote>Good sir, I do in friendship <b>counsel</b> you
To leave this place.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To advise or recommend, as an act or course.</def>

<blockquote>They who <b>counsel</b> war.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thus Belial, with words clothed in reson's garb,
<b>Counseled</b> ignoble ease and peaceful sloth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counselable</h1>
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<hw>Coun"sel*a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>counsellable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Willing to receive counsel or follow advice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Few men of so great parts were upon all occasions more <b>counselable</b> than he.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suitable to be advised; advisable, wise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He did not believe it <b>counselable</b>.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counselor</h1>
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<hw>Coun"sel*or</hw> <tt>(koun"s?l-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>counsellor</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[OE. <ets>conseiler</ets>, F.  <ets>conseiller</ets>, fr. L. <ets>consiliarius</ets>, fr. consilium counsel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who counsels; an adviser.</def>

<blockquote>Can he that speaks with the tongue of an enemy be a good <b>counselor</b>, or no?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of council; one appointed to advise a sovereign or chief magistrate. <note>[See under <er>Consilor</er>.]</note></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One whose profession is to give advice in law, and manage causes for clients in court; a barrister.</def>

<blockquote>Good <b>counselors</b> lack no clients.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counselorship</h1>
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<hw>Coun"sel*or*ship</hw> <tt>(koun"s?l-?r-sh?p)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The function and rank or office of a counselor.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Count</h1>
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<hw>Count</hw> <tt>(kount)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Counted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Counting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>conter</ets>, and later (etymological spelling) <ets>compter</ets>, in modern French thus distinguished; <ets>conter</ets> to relate (cf. <er>Recount</er>, <er>Account</er>), <ets>compter</ets> to count; fr. L. <ets>computuare</ets> to reckon, compute; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>putare</ets> to reckon, settle, order, prune, orig., to clean. See <er>Pure</er>, and cf. <er>Compute</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To tell or name one by one, or by groups, for the purpose of ascertaining the whole number of units in a collection; to number; to enumerate; to compute; to reckon.</def>

<blockquote>Who can <b>count</b> the dust of Jacob?
<i>Num. xxiii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In a journey of forty miles, Avaux <b>counted</b> only three miserable cabins.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place to an account; to ascribe or impute; to consider or esteem as belonging.</def>

<blockquote>Abracham believed God, and it was <b>counted</b> unto him for righteousness.
<i>Rom. iv. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To esteem; to account; to reckon; to think, judge, or consider.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>count</b> myself in nothing else so happy
As in a soul remembering my good friends.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To count out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To exclude (one) will not particapate or cannot be depended upon.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(House of Commons)</fld> <cd>To declare adjourned, as a sitting of the House, when it is ascertained that a quorum is not present.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To prevent the accession of (a person) to office, by a fraudulent return or count of the votes cast; -- said of a candidate really elected. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To calculate; number; reckon; compute; enumerate. See <er>Calculate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Count</h1>
<Xpage=331>

<hw>Count</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To number or be counted; to possess value or carry weight; hence, to increase or add to the strength or influence of some party or interest; <as>as, every vote <ex>counts</ex>; accidents <ex>count</ex> for nothing.</as></def>

<blockquote>This excellent man . . . <b>counted</b> among the best and wisest of English statesmen.
<i>J. A. Symonds.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reckon; to rely; to depend; -- with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He was brewer to the palace; and it was apprehended that the government <b>counted</b> on his voice.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I think it a great error to <b>count</b> upon the genius of a nation as a standing argument in all ages.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take account or note; -- with</def> <i>of</i>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "No man <i>counts</i> of her beauty."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To plead orally; to argue a matter in court; to recite a count.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Count</h1>
<Xpage=331>

<hw>Count</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>conte</ets> and <ets>compte</ets>, with different meanings, fr. L. <ets>computus</ets> a computation, fr. <ets>computare</ets>. See <er>Count</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of numbering; reckoning; also, the number ascertained by counting.</def>

<blockquote>Of blessed saints for to increase the <b>count</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By this <b>count</b>, I shall be much in years.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An object of interest or account; value; estimation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "All his care and <i>count</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A formal statement of the plaintiff's case in court; in a more technical and correct sense, a particular allegation or charge in a declaration or indictment, separately setting forth the cause of action or prosecution.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<note>&hand; In the old law books, <i>count</i> was used synonymously with <i>declaration</i>. When the plaintiff has but a single cause of action, and makes but one statement of it, that statement is called indifferently <i>count</i> or <i>declaration</i>, most generally, however, the latter. But where the suit embraces several causes, or the plaintiff makes several different statements of the same cause of action, each statement is called a <i>count</i>, and all of them combined, a <i>declaration</i>.</note>

<i>Bouvier. Wharton.</i>

<h1>Count</h1>
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<hw>Count</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>conte</ets>, fr. L. <ets>comes</ets>, <ets>comitis</ets>, associate, companion, one of the imperial court or train, properly, one who goes with another; <ets>com-</ets> + <ets>ire</ets> to go, akin to Skr. <ets>i</ets> to go.]</ety> <def>A nobleman on the continent of Europe, equal in rank to an English earl.</def>

<note>&hand; Though the tittle <i>Count</i> has never been introduced into Britain, the wives of Earls have, from the earliest period of its history, been designated as <i>Countesses</i>.</note>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<cs><col>Count palatine</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Formerly, the proprietor of a county who possessed royal prerogatives within his county, as did the Earl of Chester, the Bishop of Durham, and the Duke of Lancaster.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> See <cref>County palatine</cref>, under <er>County</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Originally, a high judicial officer of the German emperors; afterward, the holder of a fief, to whom was granted the right to exercise certain imperial powers within his own domains. <mark>[Germany]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Countable</h1>
<Xpage=331>

<hw>Count"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being numbered.</def>

<h1>Counttenance</h1>
<Xpage=331>

<hw>Count"te*nance</hw> <tt>(koun"t?-n<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>contenance</ets>, <ets>countenaunce</ets>, demeanor, composure, F. <ets>contenance</ets> demeanor, fr. L. <ets>continentia</ets> continence, LL. also, demeanor, fr. L. <ets>continere</ets> to hold together, repress, contain. See <er>Contain</er>, and cf. <er>Continence</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Appearance or expression of the face; look; aspect; mien.</def>

<blockquote>So spake the Son, and into terror changed
His <b>countenance</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The face; the features.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>countenance</b> somewhat doth resemble you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Approving or encouraging aspect of face; hence, favor, good will, support; aid; encouragement.</def>

<blockquote>Thou hast made him . . . glad with thy <b>countenance</b>.
<i>Ps. xxi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This is the magistrate's peculiar province, to give <b>countenance</b> to piety and virtue, and to rebuke vice.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Superficial appearance; show; pretense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The election being done, he made <b>countenance</b> of great discontent thereat.
<i>Ascham.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>In countenance</col>, <cd>in an assured condition or aspect; free from shame or dismay. "It puts the learned <i>in countenance</i>, and gives them a place among the fashionable part of mankind." <i>Addison</i>.</cd> -- <col>Out of countenance</col>, <cd>not bold or assured; confounded; abashed. "Their best friends were <i>out of countenance</i>, because they found that the imputations . . . were well grounded." <i>Clarendon</i>.</cd> -- <col>To keep the countenance</col>, <cd>to preserve a composed or natural look, undisturbed by passion or emotion. <i>Swift</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Countenance</h1>
<Xpage=331>

<hw>Coun"te*nance</hw> <tt>(koun"t?-n<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Countenanced</er> <tt>(-n<it>a</it>nst)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Countenancing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To encourage; to favor; to approve; to aid; to abet.</def>

<blockquote>This conceit, though <b>countenanced</b> by learned men, is not made out either by experience or reason.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Error supports custom, custom <b>countenances</b> error.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a show of; to pretend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Which to these ladies love did <b>countenance</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Countenancer</h1>
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<hw>Coun"te*nan*cer</hw> <tt>(-n<it>a</it>n-s?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who countenances, favors, or supports.</def>

<h1>Counter</h1>
<Xpage=331>

<hw>Coun"ter</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-)</tt>. <note>[See <er>Counter</er>, <tt>adv.</tt> ]</note> <def>A prefix meaning <i>contrary</i>, <i>opposite</i>, <i>in opposition</i>; <as>as, <ex>counter</ex>act, <ex>counter</ex>balance, <ex>counter</ex>check</as>. See <er>Counter</er>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt></def>

<h1>Counter</h1>
<Xpage=331>

<hw>Count"er</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>countere</ets>, <ets>countour</ets>, a counter (in sense 1), OF.  <ets>contere</ets>, <ets>conteor</ets>, fr. <ets>conter</ets> to count. See <er>Count</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who counts, or reckons up; a calculator; a reckoner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of metal, ivory, wood, or bone, used in reckoning, in keeping account of games, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The old gods of our own race whose names . . . serve as <b>counters</b> reckon the days of the week.
<i>E. B. Tylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What comes the wool to? . . . I can not do it witthout <b>counters</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Money; coin; -- used in contempt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To lock such rascal <b>counters</b> from his friends.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A prison; either of two prisons formerly in London.</def>

<blockquote>Anne Aysavugh . . . imprisoned in the <b>Counter</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A telltale; a contrivance attached to an engine, printing press, or other machine, for the purpose of counting the revolutions or the pulsations.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Counter</h1>
<Xpage=331>

<hw>Coun"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>countour</ets>, OF. <ets>contouer</ets>, <ets>comptouer</ets>, F. <ets>comptoir</ets>, LL. <ets>computatorium</ets>, prop., a computing place, place of accounts, fr. L. <ets>computare</ets>. See <er>Count</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A table or board on which money is counted and over which business is transacted; a long, narrow table or bench, on which goods are laid for examination by purchasers, or on which they are weighed or measured.</def>

<h1>Counter</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>contre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>contra</ets> against. Cf. <er>Contra-</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Contrary; in opposition; in an opposite direction; contrariwise; -- used chiefly with <i>run</i> or <i>go</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Running <b>counter</b> to all the rules of virtue.
<i>Locks.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the wrong way; contrary to the right course; <as>as, a hound that runs <ex>counter</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>This is <b>counter</b>, you false Danish dogs!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>At or against the front or face.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Which [darts] they never throw <b>counter</b>, but at the back of the flier.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counter</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Contrary; opposite; contrasted; opposed; adverse; antagonistic; <as>as, a <ex>counter</ex> current; a <ex>counter</ex> revolution; a <ex>counter</ex> poison; a <ex>counter</ex> agent; <ex>counter</ex> fugue.</as></def> "Innumerable facts attesting the <i>counter</i> principle."

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<cs><col>Counter approach</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>a trench or work pushed forward from defensive works to meet the approaches of besiegers. See <er>Approach</er>.</cd> -- <col>Counter bond</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>in old practice, a bond to secure one who has given bond for another.</cd> -- <col>Counter brace</col>. <cd>See <er>Counter brace</er>, in Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Counter deed</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a secret writing which destroys, invalidates, or alters, a public deed.</cd> -- <col>Counter distinction</col>, <cd>contradistinction.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Counter drain</col>, <cd>a drain at the foot of the embankment of a canal or watercourse, for carrying off the water that may soak through.</cd> -- <col>Counter extension</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>the fixation of the upper part of a limb, while extension is practiced on the lower part, as in cases of luxation or fracture.</cd> -- <col>Counter fissure</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Contrafissure</er>.</cd> -- <col>Counter indication</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Contraindication</er>.</cd> -- <col>Counter irritant</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an irritant to produce a blister, a pustular eruption, or other irritation in some part of the body, in order to relieve an existing irritation in some other part. "<i>Counter irritants</i> are of as great use in moral as in physical diseases." <i>Macaulay</i>.</cd> -- <col>Counter irritation</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the act or the result of applying a <i>counter irritant</i>.</cd> -- <col>Counter opening</col>, <cd>an aperture or vent on the opposite side, or in a different place.</cd> -<col>Counter parole</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a word in addition to the password, given in time of alarm as a signal.</cd> -- <col>Counter plea</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a replication to a plea. <i>Cowell</i>.</cd> -- <col>Counter pressure</col>, <cd>force or pressure that acts in a contrary direction to some other opposing pressure.</cd> -- <col>Counter project</col>, <cd>a project, scheme, or proposal brought forward in opposition to another, as in the negotiation of a treaty. <i>Swift</i>.</cd> -- <col>Counter proof</col>, <cd>in engraving, a print taken off from another just printed, which, by being passed through the press, gives a copy in reverse, and of course in the same position as that of plate from which the first was printed, the object being to enable the engraver to inspect the state of the plate.</cd> -- <col>Counter revolution</col>, <cd>a revolution opposed to a former one, and restoring a former state of things.</cd> -- <col>Counter revolutionist</col>, <cd>one engaged in, or befriending, a counter revolution.</cd> -- <col>Counter round</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a body of officers whose duty it is to visit and inspect the rounds and sentinels.</cd> -- <col>Counter sea</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a sea running in an opposite direction from the wind.</cd> -- <col>Counter sense</col>, <cd>opposite meaning.</cd> -- <col>Counter signal</col>, <cd>a signal to answer or correspond to another.</cd> -- <col>Counter signature</col>, <cd>the name of a secretary or other officer countersigned to a writing. <i>. Tooke</i>.</cd> -- <col>Counter slope</col>, <cd>an overhanging slope; as, a wall with a <i>counter slope</i>. <i>Mahan</i>.</cd> -- <col>Counter statement</col>, <cd>a statement made in opposition to, or denial of, another statement.</cd> -- <col>Counter surety</col>, <cd>a counter bond, or a surety to secure one who has given security.</cd> -- <col>Counter tally</col>, <cd>a tally corresponding to another.</cd> -- <col>Counter tide</col>, <cd>contrary tide.</cd></cs>

<h1>Counter</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Counter</er>, <ets>adv</ets>., <er>Contra</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The after part of a vessel's body, from the water line to the stern, -- below and somewhat forward of the stern proper.</def>

<hr>
<page="332">
Page 332<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Contra</er>. Formerly used to designate any under part which served for contrast to a principal part, but now used as equivalent to <i>counter tenor</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>The breast, or thet part of a horse between the shoulders and under the neck.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The back leather or heel part of a boot.</def>

<h1>Counter</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An encounter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With kindly <b>counter</b> under mimic shade.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counter</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Boxing)</fld> <def>To return a blow while receiving one, as in boxing.</def>

<blockquote>His left hand <b>countered</b> provokingly.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counteract</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*act"</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-?kt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Counteracted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Counteracting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To act in opposition to; to hinder, defeat, or frustrate, by contrary agency or influence; <as>as, to <ex>counteract</ex> the effect of medicines; to <ex>counteract</ex> good advice.</as></def>

<h1>Counteraction</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*ac"tion</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Action in opposition; hindrance resistance.</def>

<blockquote>[They] do not . . . overcome the <b>counteraction</b> of a false principle or of stubborn partiality.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counteractive</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*act"ive</hw> <tt>(-?kt"?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to counteract.</def>

<h1>Counteractive</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*act"ive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, counteracts.</def>

<h1>Counteractibely</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*act"ibe*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By counteraction.</def>

<h1>Counterbalance</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*bal"ance</hw> <tt>(-b?l"<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Counterbalanced</er> <tt>(-<it>a</it>nst)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Counterbalancing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To oppose with an equal weight or power; to counteract the power or effect of; to countervail; to equiponderate; to balance.</def>

<blockquote>The remaining air was not able to <b>counterbalance</b> the mercurial cylinder.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The cstudy of mind is necessary to <b>counterbalance</b> and correct the influence of the study of nature.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counterbalance</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*bal`ance</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-b?l`<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A weight, power, or agency, acting against or balancing another</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mass of metal in one side of a driving wheel or fly wheel, to balance the weight of a crank pin, etc., on the opposite side of the wheel</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A counterpoise to balance the weight of anything, as of a drawbridge or a scale beam.</def>

<blockquote>Money is the <b>counterbalance</b> to all other things purchasable by it.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counterbore</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*bore`</hw> <tt>(-b?r`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A flat-bottomed cylindrical enlargement of the mouth of a hole, usually of slight depth, as for receiving a cylindrical screw head.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of pin drill with the cutting edge or edges normal to the axis; -- used for enlarging a hole, or for forming a flat-bottomed recess at its mouth.</def>

<h1>Counterbore</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*bore"</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-b?r")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form a counterbore in, by boring, turning, or drilling; to enlarge, as a hole, by means of a counterbore.</def>

<h1>Counter brace</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter brace`</hw> <tt>(br?s`)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The brace of the fore-topsail on the leeward side of a vessel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>A brace, in a framed structure, which resists a strain of a character opposite to that which a main brace is designed to receive.</def>

<note>&hand; In a quadrilateral system of bracing, the <i>main brace</i> is usually in the direction of one diagonal, and the <i>counter brace</i> in the direction of the other. Strains in counter braces are occasioned by the live load only, as, in a roof, by the wind, or, in a bridge, by a moving train.</note>

<h1>Counterbrace</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*brace`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To brace in opposite directions; <as>as, to <ex>counterbrace</ex> the yards, <it>i. e.</it>, to brace the head yards one way and the after yards another.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>To brace in such a way that opposite strains are resisted; to apply counter braces to.</def>

<h1>Counterbuff</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*buff"</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-b?f")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To strike or drive back or in an opposite direction; to stop by a blow or impulse in front.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Counterbuff</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*buff`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-b?f`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A blow in an opposite direction; a stroke that stops motion or cause a recoil.</def>

<h1>Countercast</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*cast`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-k?st`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A trick; a delusive contrivance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Countercaster</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*cast`er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A caster of accounts; a reckoner; a bookkeeper; -- used conteptuously.</def>

<h1>Counterchange</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*change"</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-ch?nj)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Counterchanged</er> <tt>(-ch?njd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Counterchanging</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give and receive; to cause to change places; to exchange.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To checker; to diversify, as in heraldic counterchanging. See <er>Counterchaged</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 2.</def>

<blockquote>With-elms, that <b>counterchange</b> the floor
Of this flat lawn with dusk and bright.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counterchange</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*change`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-ch?nj`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Exchange; reciprocation.</def>

<h1>Counterchanged</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*changed"</hw> <tt>(-ch?njd")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exchanged.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having the tinctures exchanged mutually; thus, if the field is divided palewise, <i>or</i> and <i>azure</i>, and cross is borne <i>counterchanged</i>, that part of the cross which comes on the <i>azure</i> side will be <i>or</i>, and that on the <i>or</i> side will be <i>azure</i>.</def>

<h1>Countercharge</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*charge`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-ch?rj`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An opposing charge.</def>

<h1>Countercharm</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*charm"</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-ch?rm")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Countercharmed</er> <tt>(-ch?rmd`)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Countercharming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To destroy the effect of a charm upon.</def>

<h1>Countercharm</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*charm`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-ch?rm`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which has the power of destroying the effect of a charm.</def>

<h1>Countercheck</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*check"</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-ch?k")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Counterchecked</er> <tt>(-ch?ckt")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Counterchecking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To oppose or check by some obstacle; to check by a return check.</def>

<h1>Countercheck</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*check`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-ch?k`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A check; a stop; a rebuke, or censure to check a reprover.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any force or device designed to restrain another restraining force; a check upon a check.</def>

<blockquote>The system of checks and <b>counterchecks</b>.
<i>J. H. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counterclaim</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*claim`</hw> <tt>(-kl?m`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A claim made by a person as an offset to a claim made on him.</def>

<h1>Counter-compony</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter-com*po`ny</hw> <tt>(-k?m-p?`n?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>Compony</er>.</def>

<h1>Counter-couchant</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter-couch`ant</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-kouch"<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Lying down, with their heads in opposite directions; -- said of animals borne in a coat of arms.</def>

<h1>Counter-courant</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter-cou*rant"</hw> <tt>(-k??-r?nt")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Running in opposite directions; -- said of animals borne in a coast of arms.</def>

<h1>Countercurrent</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*cur`rent</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-k?r`-r<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Running in an opposite direction.</def>

<h1>Countercurrent</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*cur`rent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A current running in an opposite direction to the main current.</def>

<h1>Counterdraw</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*draw"</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-dr?")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Counterdrew</er> <tt>(-dr?")</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Counterdrawn</er> <tt>(-dr?n")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Counterdrawing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To copy, as a design or painting, by tracing with a pencil on oiled paper, or other transparent substance.</def>

<h1>Counterfaisance</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*fai"sance</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-f?"<it>za</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Counterfesance</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Counterfeit</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*feit</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-f?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>contrefait</ets>, p. p. of <ets>contrefaire</ets> to counterfeit; <ets>contre</ets> (L. <ets>contra</ets>) + <ets>faire</ets> to make, fr. L. <ets>facere</ets>. See <er>Counter</er>, <ets>adv</ets>., and <er>Fact</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Representing by imitation or likeness; having a resemblance to something else; portrayed.</def>

<blockquote>Look here upon this picture, and on this-
The <b>counterfeit</b> presentment of two brothers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fabricated in imitation of something else, with a view to defraud by passing the false copy for genuine or original; <as>as, <ex>counterfeit</ex> antiques; <ex>counterfeit</ex> coin</as>.</def> "No <i>counterfeit</i> gem."

<i>Robinson (More's Utopia).</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Assuming the appearance of something; false; spurious; deceitful; hypocritical; <as>as, a <ex>counterfeit</ex> philanthropist</as>.</def> "An arrant <i>counterfeit</i> rascal."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Forged; fictitious; spurious; false.</syn>

<h1>Counterfeit</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*feit</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which resembles or is like another thing; a likeness; a portrait; a counterpart.</def>

<blockquote>Thou drawest a <b>counterfeit</b>
Best in all Athens.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Even Nature's self envied the same,
And grudged to see the <b>counterfeit</b> should shame
The thing itself.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is made in imitation of something, with a view to deceive by passing the false for the true; <as>as, the bank note was a <ex>counterfeit</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Never call a true piece of gold a <b>counterfeit</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some of these <b>counterfeits</b> are fabricated with such exquisite taste and skill, that it is the achievement of criticism to distinguish them from originals.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who pretends to be what he is not; one who personates another; an impostor; a cheat.</def>

<blockquote>I fear thou art another <b>counterfeit</b>;
And yet, in faith, thou bears'st thee like a king.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counterfeit</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*feit</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Counterfeited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Counterfeiting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To imitate, or put on a semblance of; to mimic; <as>as, to <ex>counterfeit</ex> the voice of another person</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Full well they laughed with <b>counterfeited</b> glee
At all his jokes, for many a joke had he.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To imitate with a view to deceiving, by passing the copy for that which is original or genuine; to forge; <as>as, to <ex>counterfeit</ex> the signature of another, coins, notes, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Counterfeit</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*feit</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To carry on a deception; to dissemble; to feign; to pretend.</def>

<blockquote>The knave <b>counterfeits</b> well; a good knave.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make counterfeits.</def>

<h1>Counterfeiter</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*feit`er</hw> <tt>(-f?t`?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who counterfeits; one who copies or imitates; especially, one who copies or forges bank notes or coin; a forger.</def>

<blockquote>The coin which was corrupted by <b>counterfeiters</b>.
<i>Camden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who assumes a false appearance or semblance; one who makes false pretenses.</def>

<blockquote><b>Counterfeiters</b> of devotion.
<i>Sherwood.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counterfeitly</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*feit`ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By forgery; falsely.</def>

<h1>Counterfesance</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*fe`sance</hw> <tt>(-f?"<it>za</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>contrefaisance</ets>, fr. <ets>contrefaire</ets>. See <er>Counterfeit</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The act of forging; forgery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>counterfaisance</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Counterfleury</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*fleu`ry</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-fl?`r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>contrefleuri</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Counterflory.</def>

<h1>Counterflory</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*flo`ry</hw> <tt>(-fl?`r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Counterfleury</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Adorned with flowers (usually fleurs-de-lis) so divided that the tops appear on one side and the bottoms on the others; -- said of any ordinary.</def>

<h1>Counterfoil</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*foil`</hw> <tt>(-foil)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Counter-</ets> + <ets>foil</ets> a leaf.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That part of a tally, formerly in the exchequer, which was kept by an officer in that court, the other, called the <i>stock</i>, being delivered to the person who had lent the king money on the account; -- called also <altname>counterstock</altname>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The part of a writing (as the stub of a bank check) in which are noted the main particulars contained in the corresponding part, which has been issued.</def>

<h1>Counterforce</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*force`</hw> <tt>(-f?rs`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An opposing force.</def>

<h1>Counterfort</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*fort`</hw> <tt>(-f?rt`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A kind of buttress of masonry to strengthen a revetment wall.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A spur or projection of a mountain.</def>

<i>Imp. Dict.</i>

<h1>Countergage</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*gage`</hw> <tt>(-g?j`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>An adjustable gage, with double points for transferring measurements from one timber to another, as the breadth of a mortise to the place where the tenon is to be made.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Counterguard</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*guard`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-g?rd`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A low outwork before a bastion or ravelin, consisting of two lines of rampart parallel to the faces of the bastion, and protecting them from a breaching fire.</def>

<mhw><h1>Counterirritant -rr-t<it>a</it>nt, n., Counterirritation</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*ir`ri*tant</hw> <tt>(-?r"r?-t<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Coun"ter*ir`ri*ta"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt></mhw> <def>See <cref>Counter irritant</cref>, etc., under <er>Counter</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Counterirritate</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*ir"ri*tate</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-?r"r?-t?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To produce counter irritation in; to treat with one morbid process for the purpose of curing another.</def>

<h1>Counterjumper</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*jump`er</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-j?mp`?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A salesman in a shop; a shopman; -- used contemtuously.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Counterman</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*man</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-m<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Countermen</plw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>n)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man who attends at the counter of a shop to sell goods.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Countermand</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*mand"</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-m?nd")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Countermanded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Countermanding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>contremander</ets>; <ets>contre</ets> (L. <ets>contra</ets>) + <ets>mander</ets> to command, fr. L. <ets>mandare</ets>. Cf. <er>Mandate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To revoke (a former command); to cancel or rescind by giving an order contrary to one previously given; <as>as, to <ex>countermand</ex> an order for goods</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prohibit; to forbid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Avicen <b>countermands</b> letting blood in choleric bodles.
<i>Harvey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To oppose; to revoke the command of.</def>

<blockquote>For us to alter anuthing, is to lift ourselves against God; and, as it were, to <b>countermand</b> him.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Countermand</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*mand</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-m?nd)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A contrary order; revocation of a former order or command.</def>

<blockquote>Have you no <b>countermand</b> for Claudio yet,
But he must die to-morrow?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Countermandable</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*mand"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-m?nd"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being countermanded; revocable.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Countermarch</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*march"</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-m?rch")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Countermarched</er> <tt>(-m?rcht")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Countermarching</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To march back, or to march in reversed order.</def>

<blockquote>The two armies marched and <b>countermarched</b>, drew near and receded.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Countermarch</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*march`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-m?rch`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A marching back; retrocession.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An evolution by which a body of troops change front or reverse the direction of march while retaining the same men in the front rank; also, a movement by which the rear rank becomes the front one, either with or without changing the right to the left.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A change of measures; alteration of conduct.</def>

<blockquote>Such <b>countermarches</b> and retractions as we do not willingly impute to wisdom.
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Countermark</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*mark`</hw> <tt>(-m?rk`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mark or token added to those already existing, in order to afford security or proof; as, an additional or special mark put upon a package of goods belonging to several persons, that it may not be opened except in the presence of all; a mark added to that of an artificer of gold or silver work by the Goldsmiths' Company of London, to attest the standard quality of the gold or silver; a mark added to an ancient coin or medal, to show either its change of value or that it was taken from an enemy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An artificial cavity made in the teeth of horses that have outgrown their natural mark, to disguise their age.</def>

<h1>Countermark</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*mark"</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-m?rk")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To apply a countenmark to; <as>as, to <ex>countermark</ex> silverware; to <ex>countermark</ex> a horse's teeth.</as></def>

<h1>Countermine</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*mine`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-m?n`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Counter-</ets> + <ets>mine</ets> underground gallery: cf. F. <ets>contermine</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An underground gallery excavated to intercept and destroy the mining of an enemy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stratagem or plot by which another sratagem or project is defeated.</def>

<blockquote>Thinking himself contemned, knowing no <b>countermine</b> against contempt but terror.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Countermine</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*mine"</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-m?n")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>contreminer</ets>.]</ety> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p</tt>.  <er>Countermined</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Countermining</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To oppose by means or a countermine; to intercept with a countermine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To frustrate or counteract by secret measures.</def>

<h1>Countermine</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*mine"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a countermine or counterplot; to plot secretly.</def>

<blockquote>'Tis hard for man to <b>countermine</b> with God.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Countermove</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*move"</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-m??v")</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To move in a contrary direction to.</def>

<h1>Countermove -mv, n. Countermovement</h1>
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<hw><hw>Coun"ter*move`</hw> <tt>(-m??v`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <hw>Coun"ter*move`ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>.<hw> <def>A movement in opposition to another.</def>

<h1>Countermure</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*mure`</hw> <tt>(-m?r`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Counter-</ets> + <ets>mure</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contremur</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A wall raised behind another, to supply its place when breached or destroyed. <mark>[R.]</mark> Cf. <er>Contramure</er>.</def>

<i>Knolles.</i>

<h1>Countermure</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*mure"</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-m?r")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Countermured</er> <tt>(-m?rd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Countermuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>contremurer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To fortify with a wall behind another wall.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Kyd.</i>

<h1>Counternatural</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*nat`u*ral</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-n?t`?-r<it>a</it>l; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Contrary to nature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Counter-paly</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter-pa`ly</hw> <tt>(-p?`l?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>contre-pal\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Paly, and then divided fesswise, so that each vertical piece is cut into two, having the colors used alternately or <i>counterchanged</i>. Thus the escutcheon in the illustration may also be blazoned <i>paly of six per fess</i> counterchanged <i>argent and azure</i>.</def>

<h1>Counterpane</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*pane`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-p?n`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Counterpoint</er>, corrupted into counter<ets>pane</ets>, from the employment of <ets>pane-</ets>shaped figures in these coverlets. ]</ety> <def>A coverlet for a bed, -- originally stitched or woven in squares or figures.</def>

<blockquote>On which a tissue <b>counterpane</b> was cast.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counterpane</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*pane`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>contrepan</ets> a pledge, security; <ets>contre + pan</ets> a skirt, also, a pawn or gage, F. <ets>pan</ets> a skirt. See <er>Pane</er>, and cf. <er>Pawn</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Law)</fld> <def>A duplicate part or copy of an indenture, deed, etc., corresponding with the original; -- now called <i>counterpart</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Read, scribe; give me the <b>counterpane</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="333">
Page 333<p>

<h1>Counterpart</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*part`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-p?rt`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A part corresponding to another part; anything which answers, or corresponds, to another; a copy; a duplicate; a facsimile.</def>

<blockquote>In same things the laws of Normandy agreed with the laws of England, so that they seem to be, as it were, copies or <b>counterparts</b> one of another.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One of two corresponding copies of an instrument; a duplicate.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person who closely resembles another.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A thing may be applied to another thing so as to fit perfectly, as a seal to its impression; hence, a thing which is adapted to another thing, or which suplements it; that which serves to complete or complement anything; hence, a person or thing having qualities lacking in another; an opposite.</def>

<blockquote>O <b>counterpart</b>
Of our soft sex, well are you made our lords.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counterpassant</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*pas`sant</hw> <tt>(-p?s"s<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Counter-</ets> + <ets> <ets>passant</ets>:cf. F.  <ets>contrepassant</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Passant in opposite directions; -- said of two animals.</def>

<h1>Counterplead</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*plead"</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-pl?d")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To plead the contrary of; to plead against; to deny.</def>

<h1>Counterplot</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*plot"</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-pl?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Counterplotted</er>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Counterplotting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To oppose, as another plot, by plotting; to attempt to frustrate, as a stratagem, by stratagem.</def>

<blockquote>Every wile had proved abortive, every plot had been <b>counterplotted</b>.
<i>De Quinsey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counterplot</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*plot`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-pl?t`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A plot or artifice opposed to another.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Counterpoint</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*point`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-point`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Counter-</ets> + <ets>point</ets>.]</ety> <def>An opposite point</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir E. Sandys.</i>

<h1>Counterpoint</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*point`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>contrepoint</ets>; cf. It. <ets>contrappunto</ets>. Cf. <er>Contrapuntal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The setting of note against note in harmony; the adding of one or more parts to a given <i>canto fermo</i> or melody</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The art of polyphony, or composite melody, <it>i. e.</it>, melody not single, but moving attended by one or more related melodies.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Music in parts; part writing; harmony; polyphonic music. See <er>Polyphony</er>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Counterpoint</b>, an invention equivalent to a new creation of music.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counterpoint</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*point`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.  <ets>contrepoincte</ets>, corruption of earlier <ets>counstepointe</ets>, <ets>countepointe</ets>, F. <ets>courtepointe</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>culcita</ets> cushion, mattress (see <er>Quilt</er>, and cf. <er>Cushion</er>) +  <ets>puncta</ets>, fem. p. p. of <ets>pungere</ets> to prick (see <er>Point</er>). The word properly meant a stitched quilt, with the colors broken one into another.]</ety> <def>A coverlet; a cover for a bed, often stitched or broken into squares; a counterpane.  See 1st <er>Counterpane</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Embroidered coverlets or <b>counterpoints</b> of purple silk.
<i>Sir T. North.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counterpoise</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*poise`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-poiz`; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Counterpoised</er> <tt>(-poizd`)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Counterpoising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.  <ets>countrepesen</ets>, <ets>counterpeisen</ets>, F.  <ets>contrepeser</ets>. See <er>Counter</er>, <ets>adv</ets>., and <er>Poise</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To act against with equal weight; to equal in weght; to balance the weight of; to counterbalance.</def>

<blockquote>Weigts, <b>counterpoising</b> one another.
<i>Sir K. Digby.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act against with equal power; to balance.</def>

<blockquote>So many freeholders of English will be able to beard and <b>counterpoise</b> the rest.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counterpoise</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*poise`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-poiz`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>countrepese</ets>, OF.  <ets>contrepois</ets>, F.  <ets>contrepods</ets>. See <er>Counter</er>, <ets>adv</ets>., and <er>Poise</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A weight sufficient to balance another, as in the opposite scale of a balance; an equal weight.</def>

<blockquote>Fastening that to our exact balance, we put a metalline <b>counterpoise</b> into the opposite scale.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An equal power or force acting in opposition; a force sufficient to balance another force.</def>

<blockquote>The second nobles are a <b>counterpoise</b> to the higher nobility, that they grow not too potent.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The relation of two weights or forces which balance each other; equilibrum; equiponderance.</def>

<blockquote>The pendulous round eart, with balanced air,
In <b>counterpoise</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counterpole</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*pole`</hw> <tt>(-p?l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The exact opposite.</def>

<blockquote>The German prose offers the <b>counterpole</b> to the French style.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counterponderate</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*pon"der*ate</hw> <tt>(-p?n"d?r-?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>TO equal in weight; to counterpoise; to equiponderate.</def>

<h1>Counterprove</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*prove"</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-pr??v")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Counterproved</er> <tt>(-pr??vd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Counterproving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To take a counter proof of, or a copy in reverse, by taking an impression directly from the face of an original.  See <cref>Counter proof</cref>, under <er>Counter</er>.</def>

<h1>Counter-roll</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter-roll`</hw> <tt>(-r?l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Control</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A duplicate roll (record or account) kept by an officer as a check upon another officer's roll.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<note>&hand; As a verb this word is contracted into <i>control</i>. See <er>Control</er>.</note>

<h1>Counterrolment</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*rol"ment</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-r?l"m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A counter account. See <er>Control</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Counter-salient</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter-sa"li*ent</hw> <tt>(-s?"l?-e]/>nt &or; -s?l"y<it>e</it>nt; 106)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Leaping from each other; -- said of two figures on a coast of arms.</def>

<h1>Counterscale</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*scale`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-sk?l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Counterbalance; balance, as of one scale against another.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Counterscarf</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*scarf`</hw> <tt>(-sk?rf`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Counter-</ets> + <ets> <ets>scarp</ets>: cf. F. <ets>contrescarpe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The exterior slope or wall of the ditch; -- sometimes, the whole covered way, beyond the ditch, with its parapet and glacis; <as>as, the enemy have lodged themselves on the <ex>counterscarp</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Counterseal</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*seal"</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-s?l")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Countersealed</er> <tt>(-s?ld")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Countersealing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To seal or ratify with another or others.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Countersecure</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*se*cure"</hw> <tt>(-s?-k?r")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give additional security to or for.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Countershaft</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*shaft`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-sh?ft`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>An intermediate shaft; esp., one which receives motion from a line shaft in a factory and transmits it to a machine.</def>

<h1>Countersign</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*sign"</hw> <tt>(-s?n`; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Countersigned</er> <tt>(-s?nd`)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Countersigning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Counter-</ets> + <ets> <ets>sign</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>contresigner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To sign on the opposite side of (an instrument or writing); hence, to sign in addition to the signature of a principal or superior, in order to attest the authenticity of a writing.</def>

<h1>Countersign</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*sign`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The signature of a secretary or other officer to a writing signed by a principal or superior, to attest its authenticity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A private signal, word, or phrase, which must be given in order to pass a sentry; a watchword.</def>

<h1>Countersink</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*sink`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-s??k`; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.  <er>Countersunk</er> <tt>(-s<?/<?/k`)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>.  <er>Countersinking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To chamfer or form a depression around the top of (a hole in wood, metal, etc.) for the reception of the head of a screw or bolt below the surface, either wholly or in part; <as>as, to <ex>countersink</ex> a hole for a screw</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to sink even with or below the surface; <as>as, to <ex>countersink</ex> a screw or bolt into woodwork</as>.</def>

<h1>Countersink</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*sink`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An enlargement of the upper part of a hole, forming a cavity or depression for receiving the head of a screw or bolt.</def>

<note>&hand; In the United States a flaring cavity formed by chamfering the edges of a round hole is called a <i>countersink</i>, while a cylindrical flat-bottomed enlargement of the mouth of the hole is usually called <stype>a conterbore</stype>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A drill or cutting tool for countersinking holes.</def>

<h1>Counterstand</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*stand`</hw> <tt>(-st<?/nd`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Resistance; opposition; a stand against.</def>

<blockquote>Making <b>counterstand</b> to Robert Guiscard.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counterstep</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*step`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-st?p`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A contrary method of procedure; opposite course of action.</def>

<h1>Counterstock</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*stock`</hw> <tt>(-st?k`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Counterfoil</er>.</def>

<h1>Counterstroke</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*stroke`</hw> <tt>(-str?k`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stroke or blow in return.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Countersunk</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*sunk`</hw> <tt>(-s?nk`)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <mord>from <er>Countersink</er></mord>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>Chamfered at the top; -- said of a hole.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sunk into a chamfer; <as>as, a <ex>countersunk</ex> bolt</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Beveled on the lower side, so as to fit a chamfered countersink; <as>as, a <ex>countersunk</ex> nailhead</as>.</def>

<h1>Countersway</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*sway`</hw> <tt>(-sw?`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A swaying in a contrary direction; an opposing influence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>countersway</b> of restraint, curbing their wild exorbitance.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Counter tenor</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter ten`or</hw> <tt>(t?n`?r)</tt>. <ety>[OF. <ets>contreteneur</ets>. Cf. <er>Contratenor</er>, and see <er>Tenor</er> a part in music.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One of the middle parts in music, between the tenor and the treble; high tenor.</def>

<cs><col>Counter-tenor clef</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the C clef when placed on the third line; -- also called <altname>alto clef</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Counterterm</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*term`</hw> <tt>(-t?rm`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A term or word which is the opposite of, or antithesis to, another; an antonym; -- the opposite of <i>synonym</i>; <as>as, "foe" is the <ex>counterterm</ex> of "friend"</as>.</def>

<i>C. J. Smith.</i>

<h1>Countertime</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*time`</hw> <tt>(-t?m`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>The resistance of a horse, that interrupts his cadence and the measure of his manege, occasioned by a bad horseman, or the bad temper of the horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resistance; opposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Give not shus the <b>countertime</b> to fate.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Countertrippant</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*trip`pant</hw> <tt>(-tr?p`p<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Trippant in opposite directions. See <er>Trippant</er>.</def>

<h1>Countertripping</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*trip`ping</hw> <tt>(-tr?p`p?ng)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Countertrippant</er>.</def>

<h1>Counterturn</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*turn`</hw> <tt>(-t<?/rn`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The critical moment in a play, when, contrary to expectation, the action is embroiled in new difficulties.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Countervail</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*vail"</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-v?l")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Countervailed</er> <tt>(-v?ld)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Countervailing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.  <ets>contrevaloir</ets>; <ets>contre</ets> (L. <ets>contra</ets>) +  <ets>valoir</ets> to avail, fr. L.  <ets>valere</ets> to be strong, avail. See <er>Vallant</er>.]</ety> <def>To act against with equal force, power, or effect; to thwart or overcome by such action; to furnish an equivalent to or for; to counterbalance; to compensate.</def>

<blockquote>Upon balancing the account, the profit at last will hardly <b>countervail</b> the inconveniences that go allong with it.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Countervail</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*vail`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-v?l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Power or value sufficient to obviate any effect; equal weight, strength, or value; equivalent; compensation; requital.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Surely, the present pleasure of a sinful act is a poor <b>countervail</b> for the bitterness of the review.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Countervallation</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*val*la"tion</hw> <tt>(-v?l-l?"s??n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>See <er>Contravallation</er>.</def>

<h1>Counterview</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter*view`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-v?`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An opposite or opposing view; opposition; a posture in which two persons front each other.</def>

<blockquote>Within the gates of hell sat Death and Sin,
In <b>counterview</b>.
<i>Milton</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>M. Peisse has ably advocated the <b>counterview</b> in his preface and appendixx.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A position in which two dissimilar things illustrate each other by opposition; contrast.</def>

<blockquote>I have drawn some lines of Linger's character, on purpose to place it in <b>counterview</b>, or contrast with that of the other company.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Countervote</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*vote"</hw> <tt>(koun`t?r-v?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To vote in opposition ti; to balance or overcome by viting; to outvote.</def>

<i>Dr. J. Scott.</i>

<h1>Counterwalt</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*walt"</hw> <tt>(koun`ter-w?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To wait or watch for; to be on guard against.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Counterweigh</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*weigh"</hw> <tt>(-w?")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To weigh against; to counterbalance.</def>

<h1>Counter weight</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ter *weight`</hw> <tt>(-w?t`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A counterpoise.</def>

<h1>Counterwheel</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*wheel"</hw> <tt>(-hw?l")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To cause to wheel or turn in an opposite direction.</def>

<h1>Counterwork</h1>
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<hw>Coun`ter*work"</hw> <tt>(-w?rk")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To work in oppositeion to; to counteract.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>counterworks</b>h folly and caprice.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Countess</h1>
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<hw>Count"ess</hw> <tt>(kount"?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Countesses</plw> <tt>(-<?/s)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F.  <ets>comtesse</ets>.  See <er>Count</er> a nobleman.]</ety> <def>The wife of an earl in the British peerage, or of a count in the Continental nobility; also, a lady possessed of the same dignity in her own right. See the Note under <er>Count</er>.</def>

<h1>Countinghouse kountng-hous, Countingroom</h1>
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<hw><hw>Count"ing*house`</hw> <tt>(kount"?ng-hous`)</tt>, <hw>Count"ing*room`</hw> <tt>(kount"?ng-r??m`)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Count</er>, <ets>v</ets>. ]</ety> <def>The house or room in which a merchant, trader, or manufacturer keeps his books and transacts business.</def>

<h1>Countless</h1>
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<hw>Count"less</hw> <tt>(-l?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being counted; not ascertainable; innumerable.</def>

<h1>Countor</h1>
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<hw>Count"or</hw> <tt>(kount"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Count</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> (in sense 4).]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>An advocate or professional pleader; one who counted for his client, that is, orally pleaded his cause.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Countour kn-tr, Countourhouse</h1>
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<hw><hw>Coun*tour"</hw> <tt>(k??n-t??r")</tt>, <hw>Coun*tour"house`</hw> <tt>(-hous`)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Counter</er>.]</ety> <def>A merchant's office; a countinghouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Countre-</h1>
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<hw>Coun"tre-</hw> <tt>(koun"ter-)</tt>. <def>Same as prefix <er>Counter-</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Countreplete</h1>
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<hw>Coun`tre*plete"</hw> <tt>(-pl?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Countre-</ets> + <ets>plete</ets> to plead.]</ety> <def>To counterplead.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Countretaille</h1>
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<hw>Coun"tre*taille`</hw> <tt>(koun"t?r-t?l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>contretaille</ets>; <ets>contre</ets> (L. <ets>contra</ets>) +  <ets>taille</ets> cut. See <er>Tally</er>.]</ety> <def>A counter tally; correspondence (in sound).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>At the countretaille</col>, <cd>in return.</cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Countrified</h1>
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<hw>Coun"tri*fied</hw> <tt>(k?n"tr?-f?ld)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Having the appearance and manners of a rustic; rude.</def>

<blockquote>As being one who took no pride,
And was a deal too <b>countrified</b>.
<i>Lloyd.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Countrify</h1>
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<hw>Coun"tri*fy</hw> <tt>(k?n"tr?-f?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give a rural appearance to; to cause to appear rustic.</def>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Country</h1>
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<hw>Coun"try</hw> <tt>(k?n"tr?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Countries</plw> <tt>(-tr<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>contr<?/e</ets>, LL.  <ets>contrata</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>contra</ets> over against, on the opposite side. Cf. <er>Counter</er>, <ets>adv</ets>., <er>Contra</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tract of land; a region; the territory of an independent nation; (as distinguished from any other region, and with a personal pronoun) the region of one's birth, permanent residence, or citizenship.</def>

<blockquote>Return unto thy <b>country</b>, and to thy kindred.
<i>Gen. xxxxii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I might have learned this by my last exile,
that change of <b>countries</b> cannot change my state.
<i>Stirling.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Many a famous realm
And <b>country</b>, whereof here needs no account
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rural regions, as opposed to a city or town.</def>

<blockquote>As they walked, on their way into the <b>country</b>.
<i>Mark xvi. 12 (Rev. Ver. ).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>God made the <b>covatry</b>, and man made the town.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Only very great men were in the habit of dividing the year between town and <b>country</b>.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The inhabitants or people of a state or a region; the populace; the public. Hence: <sd>(a)</sd> One's constituents. <sd>(b)</sd> The whole body of the electors of state; <as>as, to dissolve Parliament and appeal to the <ex>country</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>All the <b>country</b> in a general voice
Cried hate upon him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A jury, as representing the citizens of a country.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The inhabitants of the district from which a jury is drawn.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>The rock through which a vein runs.</def>

<cs><col>Conclusion to the country</col>. <cd>See under <er>Conclusion</er>.</cd> -- <col>To put, &or; throw, one's self upon the country</col>, <cd>to appeal to one's constituents; to stand trial before a jury.</cd></cs>

<h1>Country</h1>
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<hw>Coun"try</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the regions remote from a city; rural; rustic; <as>as, a <ex>country</ex> life; a <ex>country</ex> town; the <ex>country</ex> party, as opposed to city.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destitute of refinement; rude; unpolished; rustic; not urbane; <as>as, <ex>country</ex> manners</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pertaining, or peculiar, to one's own country.</def>

<blockquote>She, bowing herself towards him, laughing the cruel tyrant to scorn, spake in her <b>country</b> language.
<i>2 Macc. vii. 27.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Country-base</h1>
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<hw>Coun"try-base`</hw> <tt>(-b?s`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Prison base</er>.</def>

<h1>Country-dance</h1>
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<hw>Coun"try-dance`</hw> <tt>(-d?ns`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. an adaptation of <ets>contradance</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Contradance</er>.</def>

<blockquote>He had introduced the English <b>country-dance</b> to the knowledge of the Dutch ladies.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Countryman</h1>
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<hw>Coun"try*man</hw> <tt>(k?n"tr?-m<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Countrymen</plw> <tt>(-m<i>e</i>n)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> An inhabitant or native of a region.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One born in the same country with another; a compatriot; -- used with a possessive pronoun.</def>

<blockquote>In perils of waters, in perils of robbers, in perils by mine own <b>countrymen</b>.
<i>2 Cor. xi. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who dwells in the country, as distinguished from a townsman or an inhabitant of a city; a rustic; a husbandman or farmer.</def>

<blockquote>A simple <b>countryman</b> that brought her figs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Country seat</h1>
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<hw>Coun"try seat`</hw> <tt>(k?n"tr? s?t`)</tt>. <def> A dwelling in the country, used as a place of retirement from the city.</def>

<h1>Countryside</h1>
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<hw>Coun"try*side`</hw> <tt>(-s?d`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A particular rural district; a country neighborhood.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>W. Black. Blackmore.</i>

<h1>Countrywoman</h1>
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<hw>Coun"try*wom`an</hw> <tt>(-w??m`<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Countrywomen</plw> <tt>(-w<?/m`<?/n)</tt>.</plu> <def>A woman born, or dwelling, in the country, as opposed to the city; a woman born or dwelling in the same country with another native or inhabitant.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Count-wheel</h1>
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<hw>Count"-wheel`</hw> <tt>(kount"hw?l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The wheel in a clock which regulates the number of strokes.</def>

<h1>County</h1>
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<hw>Coun"ty</hw> <tt>(koun"t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Counties</plw> <tt>(-t<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>comt<?/</ets>, fr. LL.  <ets>comitatus</ets>. See <er>Count</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An earldom; the domain of a count or earl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A circuit or particular portion of a state or kingdom, separated from the rest of the territory, for certain purposes in the administration of justice and public affairs; -- called also a <altname>shire</altname>. See <er>Shire</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Every <b>county</b>, every town, every family, was in agitation.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="334">
Page 334<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A count; an earl or lord.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>County commissioners</col>. <cd>See <er>Commissioner</er>.</cd> -- <col>County corporate</col>, <cd>a city or town having the privilege to be a county by itself, and to be governed by its own sheriffs and other magistrates, irrespective of the officers of the county in which it is situated; as London, York, Bristol, etc. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <i>Mozley & W</i>.</cd> -- <col>County court</col>, <cd>a court whose jurisdiction is limited to county.</cd> -- <col>County palatine</col>, <cd>a county distingushed by particular privileges; -- so called <i>a palatio</i> (from the palace), because the owner had originally royal powers, or the same powers, in the administration of justice, as the king had in his palace; but these powers are now abridged. The counties palatine, in England, are Lancaster, Chester, and Durham.</cd> -- <col>County rates</col>, <cd>rates levied upon the county, and collected by the boards of guardians, for the purpose of defraying the expenses to which counties are liable, such as repairing bridges, jails, etc.</cd>  <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>County seat</col>, <cd>a county town</cd>. <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>County sessions</col>, <cd>the general quarter sessions of the peace for each county, held four times a year.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>County town</col>, <cd>the town of a county, where the county business is transacted; a shire town.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coup</h1>
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<hw>Coup</hw> <tt>(k??)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr.L.  <ets>colaphus</ets> a cuff, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>A sudden stroke; an unexpected device or stratagem; -- a term used in various ways to convey the idea of promptness and force.</def>

<cs><col>Coup de grace</col> <tt>(k<?/<?/" d<i>e</i> gr<?/s")</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>the stroke of mercy with which an executioner ends by death the sufferings of the condemned; hence, a decisive, finishing stroke.</cd> -- <col>Coup de main</col> <tt>(k<?/<?/` d<ets>e</ets> m<?/n`)</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a sudden and unexpected movement or attack.</cd> -- <col>Coup de soleil</col> <tt>(k<?/<?/` d s<?/-l<?/l &or; -l<?/"y')</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a sunstroke. See <er>Sunstroke</er>.</cd> -- <col>Coup d'\'82tat</col> <tt>(k<?/<?/" d<?/-t<?/")</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Politics)</fld>, <cd>a sudden, decisive exercise of power whereby the existing government is subverted without the consent of the people; an unexpected measure of state, more or less violent; a stroke of policy.</cd> -- <col>Coup d'\'d2il</col> <tt>(k<?/<?/" d<?/l")</tt>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A single view; a rapid glance of the eye; a comprehensive view of a scene; as much as can be seen at one view.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The general effect of a picture.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>The faculty or the act of comprehending at a glance the weakness or strength of a military position, of a certain arrangement of troops, the most advantageous position for a battlefield, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cou</pable</h1>
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<hw>Cou<?/pa*ble</hw> <tt>(k??"p?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Culpable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Coup\'82</h1>
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<hw>Cou`p\'82"</hw> <tt>(k??`p?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr.  <ets>coup\'82</ets>, p. p. of <ets>couper</ets> to cut. See <er>Coppice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The front compartment of a French diligence; also, the front compartment (usually for three persons) of a car or carriage on British railways.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A four-wheeled close carriage for two persons inside, with an outside seat for the driver; -- so called because giving the appearance of a larger carriage cut off.</def>

<h1>Couped</h1>
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<hw>Couped</hw> <tt>(k??pt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>couper</ets> to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Cut off smoothly, as distinguished from erased; -- used especially for the head or limb of an animal. See <er>Erased</er>.</def>

<h1>Coupee</h1>
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<hw>Cou*pee"</hw> <tt>(k??-p?"; F. k??`p?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. coup\'82, n., properly p. p. of couper to cut. Cf. <er>Coup\'82</er>, <er>Coopee</er>.]</ety> <def>A motion in dancing, when one leg is a little bent, and raised from the floor, and with the other a forward motion is made.</def>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Coupe-gorge</h1>
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<hw>Coupe`-gorge"</hw> <tt>(k??p`g?rzh")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., cut throat.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Any position giving the enemy such advantage that the troops occupying it must either surrender or be cut to pieces.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Couple</h1>
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<hw>Cou"ple</hw> <tt>(k?p"'l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>couple</ets>, fr. L. <ets>copula</ets> a bond, band; <ets>co-</ets> + <ets>apere</ets>, <ets>aptum</ets>, ti join. See <er>Art</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf.<er>Copula</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which joins or links two things together; a bond or tie; a coupler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It is in some sort with friends as it is with dogs in <b>couples</b>; <b>they should be of the same size and humor</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I'll go in <b>couples</b> with her.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Two of the same kind connected or considered together; a pair; a brace. "A <i>couple</i> of shepherds."  <i>Sir P</i>. <i>Sidney</i>.  "A <i>couple</i> of drops" <i>Adduson</i>.  "A <i>couple</i> of miles." <i>Dickens</i>. "A <i>couple</i> of weeks." <i>Carlyle</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Adding one to one we have the complex idea of a <b>couple</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[Ziba] met him with a <b>couple</b> of asses saddled.
<i>2 Sam. xvi. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A male and female associated together; esp., a man and woman who are married or betrothed.</def>

<blockquote>Such were our <b>couple</b>, man and wife.
<i>Lloyd.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fair <b>couple</b> linked in happy, nuptial league.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Couple-close</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>One of the pairs of plates of two metals which compose a voltaic battery; -- called a <i>voltaic couple</i> or <i>galvanic couple</i>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Two rotations, movements, etc., which are equal in amount but opposite in direction, and acting along parallel lines or around parallel axes.</def>

<note>&hand; The effect of a <i>couple</i> of forces is to produce a rotation. A <i>couple</i> of rotations is equivalent to a motion of translation.</note>

<h1>Couple</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cou"ple</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Coupled</er> <tt>(k?p"'ld)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coupling</er> <tt>(-l?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>coupler</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>copulare</ets>. See <er>Couple</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Copulate</er>, <er>Cobble</er>, <ets>v</ets>. ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To link or tie, as one thing to another; to connect or fasten together; to join.</def>

<blockquote>Huntsman, I charge thee, tender well my hounds, . . .
And <b>couple</b> Clowder with the deep-mouthed brach.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To join in wedlock; to marry.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>A parson who <b>couples</b> all our beggars.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Couple</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cou"ple</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To come together as male and female; to copulate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton. Bacon.</i>

<h1>Couple-beggar</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cou"ple-beg`gar</hw> <tt>(-b?g`g?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes it his business to marry beggars to each other.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Couple-close</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cou"ple-close`</hw> <tt>(k?p"?-kl?s`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Couple-closes</plw> (-kl<?/"s<?/z).</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A diminutive of the chevron, containing one fourth of its surface. Couple-closes are generally borne one on each side of a chevron, and the  blazoning may then be either a chevron between two couple-closes or chevron cottised.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A pair of rafters framed together with a tie fixed at their feet, or with a collar beam.</def> <mark>[Engl.]</mark>

<h1>Couplement</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cou"ple*ment</hw> <tt>(k?p"'l-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>  <ety>[Cf. OF.  <ets>couplement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Union; combination; a coupling; a pair.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>And forth together rode, a goodly <b>couplement</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coupler</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Coup"ler</hw> <tt>(k?p"l?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who couples; that which couples, as a link, ring, or shackle, to connect cars.</def>

<cs><col>Coupler of an organ</col>, <cd>a contrivance by which any two or more of the ranks of keys, or keys and pedals, are connected so as to act together when the organ is played.</cd></cs>

<h1>Couplet</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Coup"let</hw> <tt>(-l?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>couplet</ets>, dim. of <ets>couple</ets>.  See <er>Couple</er>, <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety> <def>Two taken together; a pair or couple; especially two lines of verse that rhyme with each other.</def>

<blockquote>A sudden <b>couplet</b> rushes on your mind.
<i>Crabbe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coupling</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Coup"ling</hw> <tt>(-l?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of bringing or coming together; connection; sexual union.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A device or contrivance which serves to couple or connect adjacent parts or objects; <as>as, a belt <ex>coupling</ex>, which connects the ends of a belt; a car <ex>coupling</ex>, which connects the cars in a train; a shaft <ex>coupling</ex>, which connects the ends of shafts.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Box coupling</col>, <col>Chain coupling</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Box</er>, Chain.</cd> -- <col>Coupling box</col>, <cd>a coupling shaped like a journal box, for clamping together the ends of two shafts, so that they may revolve together.</cd> -- <col>Coupling pin</col>, <cd>a pin or bolt used in coupling or joining together railroad cars, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coupon</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cou"pon</hw> <tt>(k??"p?n; F. k??`p?n")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr.  <ets>couper</ets> to cut, cut off. See <er>Coppice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A certificate of interest due, printed at the bottom of transferable bonds (state, railroad, etc.), given for a term of years, designed to be cut off and presented for payment when the interest is due; an interest warrant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A section of a ticket, showing the holder to be entitled to some specified accomodation or service, as to a passage over a designated line of travel, a particular seat in a theater, or the like.</def>

<h1>Coupure</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cou*pure"</hw> <tt>(k??-p?r")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>couper</ets> to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A passage cut through the glacis to facilitate sallies by the besieged.</def>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<h1>Courage</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cour"age</hw> <tt>(k?r"?j;48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.  <ets>corage</ets> heart, mind, will, courage, OF. <ets>corage</ets>, F.  <ets>courage</ets>, fr. a LL. derivative of L. <ets>cor</ets> heart. See <er>Heart</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The heart; spirit; temper; disposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So priketh hem nature in here <b>corages</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My lord, cheer up your spirits; our foes are nigh,
and this soft <b>courage</b> makes your followers faint.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Heart; inclination; desire; will.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>I'd such a <b>courage</b> to do him good.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That quality of mind which enables one to encounter danger and difficulties with firmness, or without fear, or fainting of heart; valor; boldness; resolution.</def>

<blockquote>The king-becoming graces . . .
Devotion, patience, <b>courage</b>, fortitude,
I have no relish of them.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Courage</b> that grows from constitution often forsakes a man when he has occasion for it.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Heroism; bravery; intrepidity; valor; gallantry; daring; firmness; hardihood; boldness; dauntlessness; resolution.</syn> <usage> See <er>Heroism</er>. -- <er>Courage</er>, <er>Bravery</er>, <er>Fortitude</er>, <er>Intrepidity</er>, <er>Gallantry</er>, <er>Valor</er>. <i>Courage</i> is that firmness of spirit and swell of soul which meets danger without fear. <i>Bravery</i> is daring and impetuous courage, like that of one who has the reward continually in view, and displays his courage in daring acts.  <i>Fortitude</i> has often been styled "passive courage," and consist in the habit of encountering danger and enduring pain with a steadfast and unbroken spirit. <i>Valor</i> is courage exhibited in war, and can not be applied to single combats; it is never used figuratively. <i>Intrepidity</i> is firm, unshaken courage. <i>Gallantry</i> is adventurous courage, which courts danger with a high and cheerful spirit. A man may show <i>courage</i>, <i>fortitude</i>, or <i>intrepidity</i> in the common pursuits of life, as well as in war. <i>Valor</i>, <i>bravery</i>, and <i>gallantry</i> are displayed in the contest of arms. <i>Valor</i> belongs only to battle; <i>bravery</i> may be shown in single combat; <i>gallantry</i> may be manifested either in attack or defense; but in the latter ease, the defense is usually turned into an attack.</usage>

<h1>Couage</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cou"age</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inspire with courage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Paul writeth unto Timothy . . . to <b>courage</b> him.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Courageous</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cour*a"geous</hw> <tt>(k?r-?"j?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>courageux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Possessing, or characterized by, courage; brave; bold.</def>

<blockquote>With this victory, the women became most <b>courageous</b> and proud, and the men waxed . . . fearful and desperate.
<i>Stow.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Gallant; brave; bold; daring; valiant; valorous; heroic; intrepid; fearless; hardy; stout; adventurous; enterprising. See <er>Gallant</er>.</syn>

<h1>Courageously</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cour*a"geous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a courageous manner.</def>

<h1>Courageousness</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cour*a"geous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being courageous; courage.</def>

<h1>Courant</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cou*rant"</hw> <tt>(k??-r?nt")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. pr. of <ets>courir</ets> to run, L.  <ets>currere</ets>. Cf. <er>Current</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Represented as running; -- said of a beast borne in a coat of arms.</def>

<h1>Courant</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cou*rant"</hw> <tt>(k??-r?nt")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>courante</ets>, fr.  <ets>courant</ets>, <tt>p. pr.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of music in triple time; also, a lively dance; a coranto.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A circulating gazette of news; a newspaper.</def>

<h1>Couranto</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cou*ran"to</hw> <tt>(-r?n"t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sprightly dance; a coranto; a courant.</def>

<h1>Courap</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cou*rap"</hw> <tt>(k??-r?p)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A skin disease, common in India, in which there is perpetual itching and eruption, esp. of the groin, breast, armpits, and face.</def>

<h1>Courb</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Courb</hw> <tt>(k??rb)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>courbe</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>curvus</ets>. See <er>Curve</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Curved; rounded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Her neck is short, her shoulders <b>courb</b>.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Courb</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Courb</hw> <tt>(k??rb)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>courber</ets>. See <er>Curs</er>.]</ety> <def>To bend; to stop; to bow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Then I <b>courbed</b> on my knees.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Courbaril</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cour"ba*ril</hw> <tt>(k??r"b?-r?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>courbaril</ets>, from a South American word.]</ety> <def>See <er>Anim\'82</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Courche</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Courche</hw> <tt>(k??rsh)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Kerchief</er>.]</ety> <def>A square piece of linen used formerly by women instead of a cap; a kerchief.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>curch</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Courier</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cou"ri*er</hw> <tt>(k??"r?-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>courrier</ets>, fr. <ets>courre</ets>, <ets>courir</ets>, to run, L.  <ets>currere</ets>. See <er>Course</er>, <er>Current</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A messenger sent with haste to convey letters or dispatches, usually on public busuness.</def>

<blockquote>The wary Bassa . . . by speedy <b>couriers</b>, advertised Solyman of the enemy's purpose.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An attendant on travelers, whose business it is to make arrangements for their convenience at hotels and on the way.</def>

<h1>Courlan</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cour"lan</hw> <tt>(k??r"l?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American bird, of the genus <spn>Aramus</spn>, allied to the rails.</def>

<h1>Course</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Course</hw> <tt>(k?rs)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cours</ets>, <ets>course</ets>, L.  cursus, fr. <ets>currere</ets> to run. See <er>Current</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of moving from one point to another; progress; passage.</def>

<blockquote>And when we had finished our <b>course</b> from Tyre, we came to Ptolemais.
<i>Acts xxi. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>THe ground or path traversed; track; way.</def>

<blockquote>The same horse also run the round <b>course</b> at Newmarket.
<i>Pennant.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Motion, considered as to its general or resultant direction or to its goal; line progress or advance.</def>

<blockquote>A light by which the Argive squadron steers
Their silent <b>course</b> to Ilium's well known shore.
<i>Dennham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Westward the <b>course</b> of empire takes its way.
<i>Berkeley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Progress from point to point without change of direction; any part of a progress from one place to another, which is in a straight line, or on one direction; <as>as, a ship in a long voyage makes many <ex>courses</ex>; a <ex>course</ex> measured by a surveyor between two stations</as>; also, a progress without interruption or rest; a heat; <as>as, one <ex>course</ex> of a race</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Motion considered with reference to manner; or derly progress; procedure in a certain line of thought or action; <as>as, the <ex>course</ex> of an argument</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>course</b> of true love never did run smooth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Customary or established sequence of evants; re currence of events according to natural laws.</def>

<blockquote>By <b>course</b> of nature and of law.
<i>Davies.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Day and night,
Seedtime and harvest, heat and hoary frost,
Shall hold their <b>course</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Method of procedure; manner or way of conducting; conduct; behavior.</def>

<blockquote>My lord of York commends the plot and the general <b>course</b> of the action.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By perseverance in the <b>course</b> prescribed.
<i>Wodsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You hold your <b>course</b> without remorse.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A series of motions or acts arranged in order; a succession of acts or practices connectedly followed; <as>as, a <ex>course</ex> of medicine; a <ex>course</ex> of lectures on chemistry.</as></def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>The succession of one to another in office or duty; order; turn.</def>

<blockquote>He appointed . . . the <b>courses</b> of the priests
<i>2 Chron. viii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>That part of a meal served at one time, with its accompaniments.</def>

<blockquote>He [Goldsmith] wore fine clothes, gave dinners of several <b>courses</b>, paid court to venal beauties.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A continuous level range of brick or stones of the same height throughout the face or faces of a building.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The lowest sail on any mast of a square-rigged vessel; <as>as, the fore <ex>course</ex>, main <ex>course</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>13.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The menses.</def>

<cs><col>In course</col>, <cd>in regular succession.</cd> -- <col>Of course</col>, <cd>by consequence; as a matter of course; in regular or natural order.</cd> -- <col>In the course of</col>, <cd>at same time or times during. "<i>In the course of</i> human events."</cd></cs>

<i>T. Jefferson.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Way; road; route; passage; race; series; succession; manner; method; mode; career; progress.</syn>

<h1>Course</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Course</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Coursed</er> <tt>(k?rst)</tt>); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coursing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To run, hunt, or chase after; to follow hard upon; to pursue.</def>

<blockquote>We <b>coursed</b> him at the heels.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to chase after or pursue game; <as>as, to <ex>course</ex> greyhounds after deer</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To run through or over.</def>

<blockquote>The bounding steed <b>courses</b> the dusty plain.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Course</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Course</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To run as in a race, or in hunting; to pursue the sport of coursing; <as>as, the sportsmen <ex>coursed</ex> over the flats of Lancashire</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move with speed; to race; <as>as, the blood <ex>courses</ex> through the veins</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Coursed</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Coursed</hw> <tt>(k?rst)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hunted; <as>as, a <ex>coursed</ex> hare</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Arranged in courses; <as>as, <ex>coursed</ex> masonry</as>.</def>

<h1>Courser</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cours"er</hw> <tt>(k?rs"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>coursier</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who courses or hunts.</def>

<blockquote> leash is a leathern thong by which . . . a <b>courser</b> leads his greyhound.

<i>Hanmer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A swift or spirited horse; a racer or a war horse; a charger.</def> <mark>[Poetic.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A grallatorial bird of Europe <spn>(Cursorius cursor)</spn>, remarkable for its speed in running. Sometimes, in a wider sense, applied to running birds of the Ostrich family.</def>

<h1>Coursey</h1>
<Xpage=334>

<hw>Cour"sey</hw> <tt>(k?r"s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF.  <ets>corsie</ets>, <ets>coursie</ets>, passage way to the stern. See <er>Course</er>, <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld><def>A space in the galley; a part of the hatches.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<hr>
<page="335">
Page 335<p>
<-- missing "of" (after running) in original? -->
<h1>Coursing</h1>
<Xpage=335>

<hw>Cours"ing</hw> <tt>(k?rs"?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The pursuit or running game with dogs that follow by sight instead of by scent.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>coursing</b> of a deer, or hart, with greyhounds.
<i>Bacon</i></blockquote>

<h1>Court</h1>
<Xpage=335>

<hw>Court</hw> <tt>(k?rt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.  <ets>court</ets>, <ets>curt</ets>, <ets>cort</ets>, F. <ets>co<?/r</ets>, LL.  <ets>cortis</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>cohors</ets>, <ets>cors</ets>, <ets>chors</ets>, gen.  <ets>cohortis</ets>, <ets>cortis</ets>, <ets>chortis</ets>, an inclosure, court, thing inclosed, crowd, throng; <ets>co-</ets> + a root akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ inclosure, feeding place, and to E.  <ets>garden</ets>, <ets>yard</ets>, <ets>orchard</ets>. See <er>Yard</er>, and cf. <er>Cohort</er>, <er>Curtain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inclosed space; a courtyard; an uncovered area shut in by the walls of a building, or by different building; also, a space opening from a street and nearly surrounded by houses; a blind alley.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>courts</b> the house of our God.
<i>Ps. cxxxv. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And round the cool green <b>courts</b> there ran a row
Cf cloisters.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Goldsmith took a garret in a miserable <b>court</b>.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The residence of a sovereign, prince, nobleman, or ether dignitary; a palace.</def>

<blockquote>Attends the emperor in his royal <b>court</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This our <b>court</b>, infected with their manners,
Shows like a riotous inn.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The collective body of persons composing the retinue of a sovereign or person high in aithority; all the surroundings of a sovereign in his regal state.</def>

<blockquote>My lord, there is a nobleman of the <b>court</b> at door would speak with you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Love rules the <b>court</b>, the camp, the grove.
<i>Sir. W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any formal assembling of the retinue of a sovereign; <as>as, to hold a <ex>court</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The princesses held their <b>court</b> within the fortres.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Attention directed to a person in power; conduct or address designed to gain favor; courtliness of manners; civility; compliment; flattery.</def>

<blockquote>No solace could her paramour intreat
Her once to show, ne <b>court</b>, nor dalliance.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I went to make my <b>court</b> to the Dike and Duches of Newcastle.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The hall, chamber, or place, where justice is administered.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The persons officially assembled under authority of law, at the appropriate time and place, for the administration of justice; an official assembly, legally met together for the transaction of judicial business; a judge or judges sitting for the hearing or trial of causes.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A tribunal established for the administration of justice.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The judge or judges; as distinguished from the counsel or jury, or both.</def>

<blockquote>Most heartily I do beseech the <b>court</b>
To give the judgment.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The session of a judicial assembly.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Any jurisdiction, civil, military, or ecclesiastical.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A place arranged for playing the game of tennis; also, one of the divisions of a tennis court.</def>

<cs><col>Christian court</col>, <cd>the English ecclesiastical courts in the aggregate, or any one of them.</cd> -- <col>Court breeding</col>, <cd>education acquired at court.</cd> -- <col>Court card</col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Coat card</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Court circular</col>, <cd>one or more paragraphs of news respecting the sovereign and the royal family, together with the proceedings or movements of the court generally, supplied to the newspapers by an officer specially charged with such duty. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <i>Edwards</i>.</cd> -- <col>Court day</col>, <cd>a day on which a court sits to administer justice.</cd> -- <col>Court dress</col>, <cd>the dress prescribed for appearance at the court of a sovereign.</cd> -- <col>Court fool</col>, <cd>a buffoon or jester, formerly kept by princes and nobles for their amusement.</cd> -- <col>Court guide</col>, <cd>a directory of the names and adresses of the nobility and gentry in a town.</cd> -- <col>Court hand</col>, <cd>the hand or manner of writing used in records and judicial proceedings. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Court lands</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>lands kept in demesne, -- that is, for the use of the lord and his family.</cd> -- <col>Court marshal</col>, <cd>one who acts as marshal for a court.</cd> -- <col>Court party</col>, <cd>a party attached to the court.</cd> -- <col>Court rolls</col>, <cd>the records of a court. See<er>Roll</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Court in banc</col>, &or;  <col>Court in bank</col></mcol>, <cd>The full court sitting at its regular terms for the hearing of arguments upon questions of law, as distinguished from a sitting at <i>nisi prius</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Court of Arches</col>, <col>audience</col></mcol>, etc. <cd>See under <er>Arches</er>, <er>Audience</er>, <it>etc.</it></cd> -- <col>Court of Chancery</col>. <cd>See <er>Chancery</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Court of Common pleas</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Common pleas</cref>, under <er>Common</er>.</cd> -- <col>Court of Equity</col>. <cd>See under <er>Equity</er>, and <er>Chancery</er>.</cd> -- <col>Court of Inquiry</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>, a court appointed to inquire into and report on some military matter, as the conduct of an officer.</cd> -- <col>Court of St. James</col>, <cd>the usual designation of the British Court; -- so called from the old palace of St. James, which is used for the royal receptions, levees, and drawing-rooms.</cd> -- <col>The court of the Lord</col>, <cd>the temple at Jerusalem; hence, a church, or Christian house of worship.</cd> -- <col>General Court</col>, <cd>the legislature of a State; -- so called from having had, in the colonial days, judical power; as, the <i>General Court</i> of Massachusetts.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>To pay one's court</col>, <cd>to seek to gain favor by attentions. "Alcibiades was assiduous in <i>paying his</i> <er>court</er> to Tissaphernes." <i>Jowett</i>.</cd> -- <col>To put out of court</col>, <cd>to refuse further judicial hearing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Court</h1>
<Xpage=335>

<hw>Court</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Courted</er>; <tt>p. pr.  & vb. n.</tt> <er>Courting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To endeavor to gain the favor of by attention or flattery; to try to ingratiate one's self with.</def>

<blockquote>By one person, hovever, Portland was still assiduously <b>courted</b>.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To endeavor to gain the affections of; to seek in marriage; to woo.</def>

<blockquote>If either of you both love Katharina . . .
leave shall you have to <b>court</b> her at your pleasure.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To attempt to gain; to solicit; to seek.</def>

<blockquote>They might almost seem to have <b>courted</b> the crown of martyrdem.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Guilt and misery . . . <b>court</b> privacy and silitude.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To invite by attractions; to allure; to attract.</def>

<blockquote>A well-worn pathway <b>courted</b> us
To one green wicket in a privet hedge.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Court</h1>
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<hw>Court</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To play the lover; to woo; <as>as, to go <ex>courting</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Court-baron</h1>
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<hw>Court"-bar`on</hw> <tt>(-b?r`?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An inferior court of civil jurisdiction, attached to a manor, and held by the steward; a baron's court; -- now fallen into disuse.</def>

<h1>Courtbred</h1>
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<hw>Court"bred`</hw> <tt>(-br?d`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bred, or educated, at court; polished; courtly.</def>

<h1>Court-craft</h1>
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<hw>Court"-craft`</hw> <tt>(k?rt"kr?ft`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The artifices, intrigues, and plottings, at courts.</def>

<h1>Court-cupboard</h1>
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<hw>Court"-cup`board</hw> <tt>(-k?b`b?rd)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A movable sideboard or buffet, on which plate and other articles of luxury were displayed on special ocasions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A way with the joint stools, remove the <b>court-cupboard</b>, look to the plate.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Courteous</h1>
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<hw>Cour"te*ous</hw> <tt>(k?r"t?-?s; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE.  <ets>cortais</ets>, <ets>corteis</ets>, <ets>cortois</ets>, rarely <ets>corteous</ets>, OF. <ets>corties</ets>, <ets>corteis</ets>, F. <ets>courtois</ets>. See <er>Court</er>.]</ety> <def>Of courtlike manners; pertaining to, or exxpressive of, courtesy; characterized by courtesy; civil; obliging; well bred; polite; affable; complaisant.</def>

<blockquote>A patient and <b>courteous</b> bearing.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His behavior toward his people is grave and <b>courteous</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Courteously</h1>
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<hw>Cour"te*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a courteous manner.</def>

<h1>Courteousness</h1>
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<hw>Cour"te*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being courteous; politeness; courtesy.</def>

<h1>Courtepy</h1>
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<hw>Cour"te*py</hw> <tt>(k??r"t?-p?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D.  <ets>kort</ets> short + <ets>pije</ets> a coarse cloth.]</ety> <def>A short coat of coarse cloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Full threadbare was his overeste <b>courtepy</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Courter</h1>
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<hw>Court"er</hw> <tt>(k?rt"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who courts; one who plays the lover, or who solicits in marriage; one who flatters and cajoles.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Courtesan</h1>
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<hw>Cour"te*san</hw> <tt>(k?r"t?-z?n; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>courtisane</ets>, fr. <ets>courtisan</ets> courtier, It.  <ets>cortigiano</ets>; or directly fr. It.  <ets>cortigiana</ets>, or Sp.  <ets>cortesana</ets>. See <er>Court</er>.]</ety> <def>A woman who prostitutes herself for hire; a prostitute; a harlot.</def>

<blockquote>Lasciviously decked like a <b>courtesan</b>.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Courtesanship</h1>
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<hw>Cour"te*san*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Harlotry.</def>

<h1>Courtesy</h1>
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<hw>Cour"te*sy</hw> <tt>(k?r"t?-s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Courtesies</plw> <tt>(-s<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>cortaisie</ets>, <ets>corteisie</ets>, <ets>courtesie</ets>, OF.  <ets>curteisie</ets>, <ets>cortoisie</ets>, OF. <ets>curteisie</ets>, <ets>cortoisie</ets>, F. <ets>courtoisie</ets>, fr.  <ets>curteis</ets>, <ets>corteis</ets>.  See <er>Courteous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Politeness; civility; urbanity; courtliness.</def>

<blockquote>And trust thy honest-offered <b>courtesy</b>,
With oft is sooner found in lowly sheds,
With smoky rafters, than in tapestry walls
And courts of princes, where it first was named,
And yet is most pretended.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Pardon me, Messer Claudio, if once more
I use the ancient <b>courtesies</b> of speech.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An act of civility or respect; an act of kindness or favor performed with politeness.</def>

<blockquote>My lord, for your many <b>courtesies</b> I thank you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Favor or indulgence, as distinguished from right; <as>as, a title given one by <ex>courtesy</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Courtesy title</col>, <cd>a title assumed by a person, or popularly conceded to him, to which he has no valid claim; as, the <i>courtesy title</i> of <i>Lord</i> prefixed to the names of the younger sons of noblemen.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Politiness; urbanity; civility; complaisance; affability; courteousness; elegance; refinement; courtliness; good breeding. See <er>Politeness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Courtesy</h1>
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<hw>Courte"sy</hw> <tt>(k?rt"s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See the preceding word.]</ety> <def>An act of civility, respect, or reverence, made by women, consisting of a slight depression or dropping of the body, with bending of the kness.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>curtsy</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>The lady drops a <b>courtesy</b> in token of obedience, and the ceremony proceeds as usual.
<i>Golgsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Courtesy</h1>
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<hw>Courte"sy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Courtesied</er> <tt>(-s?d)</tt>;; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Courtesyng</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a respectful salutation or movement of respect; esp. (with reference to women), to bow the body slightly, with bending of the knes.</def>

<h1>Courtesy</h1>
<Xpage=335>

<hw>Courte"sy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat with civility.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Courtehouse</h1>
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<hw>Courte"house`</hw> <tt>(k?rt"hous`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A house in which established courts are held, or a house appropriated to courts and public meetings.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A county town; -- so called in Virginia and some others of the Southern States.</def>

<blockquote>Providence, the county town of Fairfax, is unknown by that name, and passes as Fairfax <b>Court House</b>.
<i>Barlett.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Courtier</h1>
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<hw>Court"ier</hw> <tt>(k?rt"y?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Court</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is in attendance at the court of a prince; one who has an appointment at court.</def>

<blockquote>You know I am no <b>courtier</b>, nor versed in state affairs.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This <b>courtier</b> got a frigate, and that a company.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who courts or solicits favor; one who flatters.</def>

<blockquote>There was not among all our princes a greater <b>courtier</b> of the people than Richard III.
<i>Suckling.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Courtiery</h1>
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<hw>Court"ier*y</hw> <tt>(-?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The manners of a courtier; courtliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Court-leet</h1>
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<hw>Court"-leet`</hw> <tt>(-l?t`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A court of record held once a year, in a particular hundred, lordship, or manor, before the steward of the leet.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Courtlike</h1>
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<hw>Court"like`</hw> <tt>(-l?k`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>After the manner of a court; elegant; polite; courtly.</def>

<h1>Courtliness</h1>
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<hw>Court"li*ness</hw> <tt>(-l?-n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Courtly</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being courtly; elegance or dignity of manners.</def>

<h1>Courtling</h1>
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<hw>Court"ling</hw> <tt>(-l?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Court</ets> +  <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sycophantic courtier.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Courtly</h1>
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<hw>Court"ly</hw> <tt>(-l?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Court</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating or belonging to a court.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Elegant; polite; courtlike; flattering.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>courtly</b> company or at my beads.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Disposed to favor the great; favoring the policy or party of the court; obsequious.</def>

<i>Macualay.</i>

<h1>Courtly</h1>
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<hw>Court"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of courts; politely; gracefully; elegantly.</def>

<blockquote>They can produce nothing so <b>courtly</b> writ.
<i>Dryden</i></blockquote>

<h1>Court-martial</h1>
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<hw>Court`-mar"tial</hw> <tt>(k?rt`m?r"sh<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Courts-martial</plw> <tt>(k<?/rts`-)</tt>.</plu> <def>A court consisting of military or naval officers, for the trial of one belonging to the army or navy, or of offenses against military or naval law.</def>

<h1>Court-martial</h1>
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<hw>Court`-mar"tial</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Court-martialed</er> <tt>(-sh<it>a</it>ld)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Court-martialing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To subject to trial by a court-martial.</def>

<h1>Court-plaster</h1>
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<hw>Court"-plas`ter</hw> <tt>(k?rt"pl?s`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sticking plaster made by coating taffeta or silk on one side with some adhesive substance, commonly a mixture of isinglass and glycerin.</def>

<h1>Courtship</h1>
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<hw>Court"ship</hw> <tt>(k?rt"sh?p)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of paying court, with the intent to solicit a favor.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of wooing in love; solicitation of woman to marriage.</def>

<blockquote>This method of <b>courtship</b>, [by which] both sides are prepared for all the matrimonial adventures that are to follow.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Courtliness; elegance of manners; courtesy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Trim gallants, full of <b>courtship</b> and of state.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Court policy; the character of a courtier; artifice of a court; court-craft; finesse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She [the Queen] being composed of <b>courtship</b> and Popery.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Court tennis</h1>
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<hw>Court" ten"nis</hw> <tt>(k?rt" t?n"n?s)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Tennis</er>.</def>

<h1>Courtyard</h1>
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<hw>Court"yard</hw> <tt>(k?rt"y?rd`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A court or inclosure attached to a house.</def>

<h1>Couscous</h1>
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<hw>Cous"cous`</hw> <tt>(k??s"k??s`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of food used by the natives of Western Africa, made of millet flour with flesh, and leaves of the baobab; -- called also <altname>lalo</altname>.</def>

<h1>Couscousou</h1>
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<hw>Cous`cou*sou"</hw> <tt>(k??s`k??-s??")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A favorite dish in Barbary. See <er>Couscous</er>.</def>

<h1>Cousin</h1>
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<hw>Cous"in</hw> <tt>(k?z"'n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cousin</ets>, LL. <ets>cosinus</ets>, <ets>cusinus</ets>, contr. from L.  <ets>consobrinus</ets> the child of a mother's sister, cousin; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>sobrinus</ets> a cousin by the mother's side, a form derived fr. <ets>soror</ets> (for<ets>sosor</ets>) sister. See <er>Sister</er>, and cf. <er>Cozen</er>, <er>Coz</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One collaterally related more remotely than a brother or sister; especially, the son or daughter of an uncle or aunt.</def>

<note>&hand; The children of brothers and sisters are usually denominated <i>first cousins</i>, or <i>cousins-german</i>. In the second generation, they are called <i>second cousins</i>. See <er>Cater-cousin</er>, and <er>Quater-cousin</er>.</note>

<blockquote>Thou art, great lord, my father's sister's son,
A <b>cousin-german</b> to great Priam's seed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A title formerly given by a king to a nobleman, particularly to those of the council. In English writs, etc., issued by the crown, it signifies any earl.</def>

<blockquote>My noble lords and <b>cousins</b>, all, good morrow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cousin</h1>
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<hw>Cous"in</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Allied; akin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Cousinage</h1>
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<hw>Cous"in*age</hw> <tt>(-?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>cousinage</ets>, OF., also, <ets>cosinage</ets>. Cf. <er>Cosinage</er>, <er>Cozenage</er>.]</ety> <def>Relationship; kinship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Cousin-german</h1>
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<hw>Cous"in-ger"man</hw> <tt>(-j?r"m<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cousin</ets> + <ets>german</ets> closely akin.]</ety> <def>A first cousin. See Note under <er>Cousin</er>, 1.</def>

<h1>Cousinhood</h1>
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<hw>Cous"in*hood</hw> <tt>(-h??d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of a cousin; also, the collective body of cousins; kinsfolk.</def>

<h1>Cousinly</h1>
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<hw>Cous"in*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like or becoming a cousin.</def>

<h1>Cousinry</h1>
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<hw>Cous"in*ry</hw> <tt>(k?z"'n-r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A body or collection of cousins; the whole number of persons who stand in the relation of cousins to a given person or persons.</def>

<h1>Cousinship</h1>
<Xpage=335>

<hw>Cous"in*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The relationship of cousins; state of being cousins; cousinhood.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Coussinet</h1>
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<hw>Cous"si*net`</hw> <tt>(k??s"s?-n?t`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>coussin cushion</ets>. See <er>Cushionet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A stone placed on the impost of a pier for receiving the first stone of an arch.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That part of the Ionic capital between the abacus and quarter round, which forms the volute.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Couteau</h1>
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<hw>Cou*teau"</hw> <tt>(k??-t?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A knife; a dagger.</def>

<h1>Couth</h1>
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<hw>Couth</hw> <tt>(k??th)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <mord>of <er>Can</er></mord>.  <ety>[See <er>Can</er>, and cf. <er>Uncouth</er>.]</ety> <def>Could; was able; knew or known; understood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Above all other one Daniel
He loveth, for he <b>couth</b> well
Divine, that none other <b>couth</b>;
To him were all thing <b>couth</b>,
As he had it of God's grace.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Couvade</h1>
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<hw>Cou`vade"</hw> <tt>(k??`v?d")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>couver</ets>. See <er>Covey</er>.]</ety> <def>A custom, among certain barbarous tribes, that when a woman gives birth to a child her husband takes to his bed, as if ill.</def>

<blockquote>The world-wide custom of the <b>couvade</b>, where at childbirth the husband undergoes medical treatment, in many cases being put to bed for days.
<i>Tylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Covariant</h1>
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<hw>Co*va"ri*ant</hw> <tt>(k?-v?"r?-a]/>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Higher Alg.)</fld> <def>A function involving the coefficients and the variables of a quantic, and such that when the quantic is lineally transformed the same function of the new variables and coefficients shall be equal to the old function multiplied by a factor. An invariant is a like function involving only the coefficients of the quantic.</def>

<h1>Cove</h1>
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<hw>Cove</hw> <tt>(k?v)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.  <ets>cofa</ets> room; akin to G.  <ets>koben</ets> pigsty, orig., hut, Icel <ets>kofi</ets> hut, and perh. to E. <ets>cobalt</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A retired nook; especially, a small, sheltered inlet, creek, or bay; a recess in the shore.</def>

<blockquote>Vessels which were in readiness for him within secret <b>coves</b> and nooks.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A strip of prairie extending into woodland; also, a recess in the side of a mountain.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A concave molding.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A member, whose section is a concave curve, used especially with regard to an inner roof or ceiling, as around a skylight.</def>

<h1>Cove</h1>
<Xpage=335>

<hw>Cove</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Coved</er> <tt>(k?vd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coving</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>To arch over; to build in a hollow concave form; to make in the form of a cove.</def>

<blockquote>The mosques and other buildings of the Arabians are rounded into domes and <b>coved</b> roofs.
<i>H. Swinburne.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Coved ceiling</col>, <cd>a ceiling, the part of which next the wail is constructed in a cove.</cd> -- <col>Coved vault</col>, <cd>a vault composed of four coves meeting in a central point, and therefore the reverse of a groined vault.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cove</h1>
<Xpage=335>

<hw>Cove</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[CF. F.  <ets>couver</ets>, It. <ets>covare</ets>. See <er>Covey</er>.]</ety> <def>To brood, cover, over, or sit over, as birds their eggs.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Not being able to <b>cove</b> or sit upon them [eggs], she [the female tortoise] bestoweth them in the gravel.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cove</h1>
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<hw>Cove</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A gypsy word, <ets>covo</ets> that man, <ets>covi</ets> that woman.]</ety> <def>A boy or man of any age or station.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<blockquote>There's a gentry <b>cove</b> here.
<i>Wit's Recreations (1654).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now, look to it, <b>coves</b>, that all the beef and drink
Be not filched from us.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Covelline k-vlln, Covellite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Co*vel"line</hw> <tt>(k?-v?l"l?n)</tt>, <hw>Co*vel"lite</hw><hw> <tt>(-l?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[After <ets>Covelli</ets>, the discoverer.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A native sulphide of copper, occuring in masses of a dark blue color; -- hence called <i>indigo copper</i>.</def>

<h1>Covenable</h1>
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<hw>Cov"e*na*ble</hw> <tt>(k?v"?-n?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>covenable</ets>, F.  <ets>convenable</ets>. See <er>Covenant</er>.]</ety> <def>Fit; proper; suitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>covenable</i> day."

<i>Wyclif (Mark vi. 21).</i>

<hr>
<page="336">
Page 336<p>

<h1>Covenably</h1>
<Xpage=336>

<hw>Cov"e*na*bly</hw> <tt>(k?v"?-n?-bly)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Fitly; suitably.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Well and <i>covenably</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Covenant</h1>
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<hw>Cov"e*nant</hw> <tt>(k?v"?-n<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>covenant</ets>, fr. F. & OF. <ets>convenir</ets> to agree, L. <ets>convenire</ets>. See <er>Convene</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A mutual agreement of two or more persons or parties, or one of the stipulations in such an agreement.</def>

<blockquote>Then Jonathan and David made a <b>covenant</b>.
<i>1 Sam. xviiii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let there be <b>covenants</b> drawn between us.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If we conclude a peace,
It shall be with such strict and severe <b>covenants</b>
As little shall the Frenchmen gain thereby.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>An agreement made by the Scottish Parliament in 1638, and by the English Parliament in 1643, to preserve the reformed religion in Scotland, and to extirpate popery and prelacy; -- usually called the "Solemn League and Covenant."</def>

<blockquote>He [Wharton] was born in the days of the <b>Covenant</b>, and was the heir of a covenanted house.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The promises of God as revealed in the Scriptures, conditioned on certain terms on the part of man, as obedience, repentance, faith, etc.</def>

<blockquote>I will establish my <b>covenant</b> between me and thee and thy seed after thee in their generations for an everlasting <b>covenant</b>, to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee.
<i>Gen. xvii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A solemn compact between members of a church to maintain its faith, discipline, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An undertaking, on sufficient consideration, in writing and under seal, to do or to refrain from some act or thing; a contract; a stipulation; also, the document or writing containing the terms of agreement.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A form of action for the violation of a promise or contract under seal.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Agreement; contract; compact; bargain; arrangement; stipulation.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Covenant</er>, <er>Contract</er>, <er>Compact</er>, <er>Stipulation</er>. These words all denote a mutual agreement between two parties.  <i>Covenant</i> is frequently used in a religious sense; as, the <i>covenant</i> of works or of grace; a church <i>covenant</i>; the Solemn League and <i>Covenant</i>. <i>Contract</i> is the word most used in the business of life. Crabb and Taylor are wrong in saying that a <i>contract</i> must always be in writing. There are oral and implied <i>contracts</i> as well as written ones, and these are equally enforced by law. In legal usage, the word <i>covenant</i> has an important place as connected with contracts. A <i>compact</i> is only a stronger and more solemn contract. The term is chiefly applied to political alliances. Thus, the old Confederation was a <i>compact</i> between the States. Under the present Federal Constitution, no individual State can, without consent of Congress, enter into a <i>compact</i> with any other State or foreign power. A <i>stipulation</i> is one of the articles or provisions of a contract.</usage>

<h1>Covenant</h1>
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<hw>Cov"e*nant</hw> <tt>(k?v"?-n?nt)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Covenanted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Covenanting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To agree (with); to enter into a formal agreement; to bind one's self by contract; to make a stipulation.</def>

<blockquote>Jupiter <b>covenanted</b> with him, that it should be hot or cold, wet or dry, . . . as the tenant should direct.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And they <b>covenanted</b> with him for thyrty pieces of silver.
<i>Matt. xxvi. 15.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To agree; contract; bargain; stipulate.</syn>

<h1>Covenant</h1>
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<hw>Cov"e*nant</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To grant or promise by covenant.</def>

<blockquote>My covenant of peace that I <b>covenanted</b> with you.
<i>Wyclif.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Covenantee</h1>
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<hw>Cov`e*nan*tee"</hw> <tt>(k?v`?-n<it>a</it>n-t?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person in whose favor a covenant is made.</def>

<h1>Covenanter</h1>
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<hw>Cov"e*nant*er</hw> <tt>(k?v"?-n?nt-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who makes a covenant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who subscribed and defended the "Solemn League and Covenant." See <er>Covenant</er>.</def>

<h1>Covenanting</h1>
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<hw>Cov"e*nant*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to a covenant. Specifically, belonging to the Scotch Covenanters.</def>

<blockquote>Be they <b>covenanting</b> traitors,
Or the brood of false Argyle?
<i>Aytoun.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Covenantor</h1>
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<hw>Cov"e*nant*or`</hw> <tt>(-?r`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The party who makes a covenant.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Covenous</h1>
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<hw>Cov"e*nous</hw> <tt>(k?v"?-n?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Covinous</er>, and <er>Covin</er>.</def>

<h1>Covent</h1>
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<hw>Cov"ent</hw> <tt>(k?v"<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>covent</ets>, F. <ets>couvent</ets>. See <er>Convent</er>.]</ety> <def>A convent or monastery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<cs><col>Covent Garden</col>, <cd>a large square in London, so called because originally it was the garden of a monastery.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coventry</h1>
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<hw>Cov"en*try</hw> <tt>(k?v"<it>e</it>n-tr?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A town in the county of Warwick, England.</def>

<cs><col>To send to Coventry</col>, <cd>to exclude from society; to shut out from social intercourse, as for ungentlemanly conduct.</cd> -- <col>Coventry blue</col>, <cd>blue thread of a superior dye, made at Coventry, England, and used for embroidery.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cover</h1>
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<hw>Cov"er</hw> <tt>(k?v"?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Covered</er> <tt>(-?rd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Covering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.  <ets>covrir</ets>, F.  <ets>couvrir</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>cooperire</ets>; <ets>co-  +  operire</ets> to cover; probably fr.  <ets>ob</ets> towards, over + the root appearing in <ets>aperire</ets> to open. Cf. <er>Aperient</er>, <er>Overt</er>, <er>Curfew</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To overspread the surface of (one thing) with another; <as>as, to <ex>cover</ex> wood with paint or lacquer; to <ex>cover</ex> a table with a cloth.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To envelop; to clothe, as with a mantle or cloak.</def>

<blockquote>And with the majesty of darkness round
<b>Covers</b> his throune.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All that beauty than doth <b>cover</b> thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To invest (one's self <i>with</i> something); to bring upon (one's self); <as>as, he <ex>covered</ex> himself with glory</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The powers that <b>covered</b> themselves with everlasting infamy by the partition of Poland.
<i>Brougham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To hide sight; to conceal; to cloak; <as>as, the snemy were <ex>covered</ex> from our sight by the woods</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A cloud <b>covered</b> the mount.
<i>Exod. xxiv. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In vain shou striv'st to <b>cover</b> shame with shame.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To brood or sit on; to incubate.</def>

<blockquote>While the hen is <b>covering</b> her eggs, the male . . . diverts her with his songs.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> To overwhelm; to spread over.

<blockquote>The waters returned and <b>covered</b> the chariots and the horsemen.
<i>Ex. xiv. 28.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To shelter, as from evil or danger; to protect; to defend; <as>as, the cavalry <ex>covered</ex> the retreat</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His calm and blameless life
Does with substantial blessedness abound,
And the soft wings of peace <b>cover</b> him round.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To remove from remembrance; to put away; to remit.</def>"Blessed is he whose is <i>covered</i>."

<i>Ps. xxxii. 1.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To extend over; to be sufficient for; to comprehend, include, or embrace; to account for or solve; to counterbalance; <as>as, a mortgage which fully <ex>covers</ex> a sum loaned on it; a law which <ex>covers</ex> all possible cases of a crime; receipts than do not <ex>cover</ex> expenses.</as></def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To put the usual covering or headdress on.</def>

<blockquote><b>Cover</b> thy head . . . ; nay, prithee, be <b>covered</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>To copulate with (a female); to serve; as. a horse <i>covers</i> a mare; -- said of the male.</def>

<cs><col>To cover ground</col> &or; <col>distance</col>, <cd>to pass over; as, the rider <i>covered the ground</i> in an hour. -- <col>To cover one's short contracts</col> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld>, <cd>to buy stock when the market rises, as a dealer who has sold short does in order to protect himself.</cd> -- <col>Covering party</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a detachment of troops sent for the protection of another detachment, as of men working in the trenches.</cd> -- <col>To cover into</col>, <cd>to transfer to; <as>as, <ex>to cover into</ex> the treasury</as>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To shelter; screen; shield; hide; overspread.</syn>

<h1>Cover</h1>
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<hw>Cov"er</hw> <tt>(k?v"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything which is laid, set, or spread, upon, about, or over, another thing; an envelope; a lid; <as>as, the <ex>cover</ex> of a book</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything which weils or conceals; a screen; disguise; a cloack.</def> "Under <i>cover</i> of the night."

<i> Macualay.</i>

<blockquote>A hendsome <b>cover</b> for imperfections.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Shelter; protection; <as>as, the troops fought under <ex>cover</ex> of the batteries; the woods afforded a good <ex>cover</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Being compelled to lodge in the field . . . whilst his army was under <b>cover</b>, they might be forced to retire.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Huntig)</fld> <def>The woods, underbrush, etc., which shelter and conceal game; covert; <as>as, to beat a <ex>cover</ex>; to ride to <ex>cover</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> That portion of a slate, tile, or shingle, which is hidden by the overlap of the course above.

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>The lap of a slide valve.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>couvert</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tablecloth, and the other table furniture; esp., the table furniture for the use of one person at a meal; <as>as, <ex>covers</ex> were laid for fifty guests</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To break cover</col>, <cd>to start from a covert or lair; -- said of game.</cd> -- <col>Under cover</col>, <cd>in an envelope, or within a letter; -- said of a written message.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Letters . . . dispatched <b>under cover</b> to her ladyship.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cover</h1>
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<hw>Cov"er</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To spread a table for a meal; to prepare a banquet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Coverchief</h1>
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<hw>Cov"er*chief</hw> <tt>(ch?f)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Kerchef</er>.]</ety> <def>A covering for the head.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Covercle</h1>
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<hw>Cov"er*cle</hw> <tt>(k?v"?r-k'l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>covercle</ets>, F. <ets>couvercle</ets>, fr. L. <ets>co\'94perculum</ets> fr. <ets>co\'94perire</ets>. See <er>cover</er>] <def>A small cover; a lid.</def> <mark>[>Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Covered</h1>
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<hw>Cov"ered</hw> <tt>(k?v"?rd)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Under cover; screened; sheltered; not exposed; hidden.</def>

<cs><col>Covered way</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>a corridor or banquette along the top of the counterscarp and covered by an embankment whose slope forms the glacis. It gives the garrisonn an open line of communication around the works, and a standing place beyond the ditch. See <i>Illust</i>.  of <er>Ravelin</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Coverer</h1>
<Xpage=336>

<hw>Cov"er*er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, covers.</def>

<h1>Covering</h1>
<Xpage=336>

<hw>Cov"er*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything which covers or conceals, as a roof, a screen, a wrapper, clothing, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Noah removed the <b>covering</b> of the ark.
<i>Gen. viii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They cause the naked to lodge without clothing, that they have no <b>covering</b> in the cold.
<i>Job. xxiv. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>covering</b> over the well's mouth.
<i>2 Sam. xvii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coverlet</h1>
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<hw>Cov"er*let</hw> <tt>(k?v"?r-l?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>couvre-lit</ets>; <ets>couvrir</ets> to cover + <ets>lit</ets> bed, fr. L.  <ets>lectus</ets> bed. See <er>Cover</er>.]</ety> <def>The uppermost cover of a bed or of any piece of furniture.</def>

<blockquote>Lay her in lilies and in violets . . .
And odored sheets and arras <b>coverlets</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coverlid</h1>
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<hw>Cov"er*lid</hw> <tt>(-l?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coverlet.</def>

<blockquote>All the <b>coverlid</b> was clocth of gold.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cover-point</h1>
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<hw>Cov"er-point`</hw> <tt>(-point!)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The fielder in the games of cricket and lacrosse who supports "point."</def>

<h1>Coversed sine</h1>
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<hw>Co*versed" sine</hw> <tt>(k?-v?rst" s?n`)</tt>. <ety>[<ets>Co-</ets> (=<ets>co-</ets> in <ets>co-</ets> sine) +  <ets>versed sine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The versed sine of the complement of an arc or angle. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Functions</er>.</def>

<h1>Cover-shame</h1>
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<hw>Cov"er-shame`</hw> <tt>(-sh?m`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something used to conceal infamy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Covert</h1>
<Xpage=336>

<hw>Cov"ert</hw> <tt>(k?v"?rt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>covert</ets>, F.  <ets>couvert</ets>, p. p. of <ets>couvrir</ets>. See <er>Cover</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Covered over; private; hid; secret; disguised.</def>

<blockquote>How <b>covert</b> matters may be best disclosed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whether of open war or <b>covert</b> guile.
<i>Milton</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sheltered; not open or exposed; retired; protected; <as>as, a <ex>covert</ex> nook</as>.</def>

<i> Wordsworth.</i>

<blockquote>Of either side the green, to plant a <b>covert</b> alley.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Under cover, authority or protection; <as>as, a <ex>feme covert</ex>, a married woman who is considered as being under the protection and control of her husband</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Covert way</col>, <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Covered way</cref>, under <er>Covered</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Hidden; secret; private; covered; disguised; insidious; concealed. See <er>Hidden</er>.</syn>

<h1>Covert</h1>
<Xpage=336>

<hw>Cov"ert</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. See <er>Covert</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place that covers and protects; a shelter; a defense.</def>

<blockquote>A tabernacle . . . for a <b>covert</b> from storm.
<i>Is. iv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The highwayman has darted from his <b>covered</b> by the wayside.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>couverte</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the special feathers covering the bases of the quills of the wings and tail of a bird. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Bird</er>.</def>

<h1>Covert baron</h1>
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<hw>Cov"ert bar`on</hw> <tt>(b?r`?n)</tt>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Under the protection of a husband; married.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Covertly</h1>
<Xpage=336>

<hw>Cov"ert*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Secretly; in private; insidiously.</def>

<h1>Covertness</h1>
<Xpage=336>

<hw>Cov"ert*ness</hw> <tt>(k?v"?rt-n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Secrecy; privacy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Coverture</h1>
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<hw>Cov"er*ture</hw> <tt>(k?v"?r-t?r; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.  <ets>coverture</ets>,F.<ets>couverture</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Covering; shelter; defence; hiding.</def>

<blockquote>Protected by walls or other like <b>coverture</b>.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Beatrice, who even now
Is couched in the woodbine <b>coverture</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The condition of a woman during marriage, because she is considered under the cover, influence, power, and protection of her husband, and therefore called a <i>feme covert</i>, or <i>femme couverte</i>.</def>

<h1>Covet</h1>
<Xpage=336>

<hw>Cov"et</hw> <tt>(k?v"?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Covered</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coveting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>coveitier</ets>, <ets>covoitier</ets>, F. <ets>convoiter</ets>, from a derivative fr. L. <ets>cupere</ets> to desire; cf. Skr.  <ets>kup</ets> to become excited. Cf.  <er>Cupidity</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To wish for with eagerness; to desire possession of; -- used in a good sen<?/.</def>

<blockquote><b>Covet</b> earnestly the best gifts.
<i>1. Cor. xxii. 31.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If it be a sin to <b>covet</b> honor,
I am the most offending soul alive.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To long for inordinately or unlawfully; to hanker after (something forbidden).</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt not <b>covet</b> thy neighbor's house.
<i>Ex. xx. 17.</i></blockquote>

<h1>yn</h1>
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<hw>yn</hw><def>. -- To long for; desire; hanker after; crave.</def>

<h1>Covet</h1>
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<hw>Cov"et</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To have or indulge inordinate desire.</def>

<blockquote>Which [money] while some <b>coveted</b> after, they have erred from the faith.
<i>1 Tim. vi. 10.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Covetable</h1>
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<hw>Cov"et*a*ble</hw> <tt>(k?v"?t-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be coveted; desirable.</def>

<h1>Coveter</h1>
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<hw>Cov"et*er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who covets.</def>

<h1>Covetise</h1>
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<hw>Cov"et*ise</hw> <tt>(-?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.  <ets>coveitise</ets>, F.  <ets>convoitise</ets>. See <er>Covet</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <def>Avarice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Covetiveness</h1>
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<hw>Cov"et*ive*ness</hw> <tt>(-?v-)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>Acquisitiveness.</def>

<h1>Covetous</h1>
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<hw>Cov"et*ous</hw> <tt>(k?v"?t-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>coveitos</ets>, F.  <ets>convoiteux</ets>. See <er>Covet</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Very desirous; eager to obtain; -- used in a good sense.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Covetous</b> of wisdom and fair virtue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Covetous</b> death bereaved us all,
To aggrandize one funeral.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inordinately desirous; excessively eager to obtain and possess (esp. money); avaricious; -- in a bad sense.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>covetous</b> person lives as if the world were madealtogether for him, and not he for the world.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Avaricious; parsimonious; penurious; misrely; niggardly. See <er>Avaricious</er>.</syn>

<h1>Covetously</h1>
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<hw>Cov"et*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a covetous manner.</def>

<h1>Covetousness</h1>
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<hw>Cov"et*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Strong desire.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>When workmen strive to do better than well,
They do confound their skill in <b>covetousness</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A strong or inordinate desire of obtaining and possessing some supposed good; excessive desire for riches or money; -- in a bad sense.</def>

<blockquote><b>Covetousness</b>, by a greed of getting more, deprivess itself of the true end of getting.
<i>Sprat.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Avarice; cupidity; eagerness.</syn>

<h1>Covey</h1>
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<hw>Cov"ey</hw> <tt>(k?v"?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.  <ets>cov<?/e</ets>, F.  <ets>couv<?/e</ets>, fr.  <ets>cover</ets>, F.  <ets>couver</ets>, to sit or brood on, fr. L.  <ets>cubare</ets> to lie down; cf. E.  <ets>incubate</ets>. See <er>Cubit</er>, and cf.  <er>Cove</er> to brood.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A brood or hatch of birds; an old bird with her brood of young; hence, a small flock or number of birds together; -- said of game; <as>as, a <ex>covey</ex> of partridges</as>.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A company; a bevy; <as>as, a <ex>covey</ex> of girls</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Covey</h1>
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<hw>Cov"ey</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To brood; to incubate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>[Tortoises]  <b>covey</b> a whole year before they hatch.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Covey</h1>
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<hw>Cov"ey</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pantry.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Parker.</i>

<h1>Covin</h1>
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<hw>Cov"in</hw> <tt>(k?v"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>covine</ets>, <ets>covaine</ets>, fr.  <ets>covenir</ets> to agree. See <er>Covenant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A collusive agreement between two or more persons to prejudice a third.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deceit; fraud; artifice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Covinous</h1>
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<hw>Cov"in*ous</hw> <tt>(k?v"?n-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Deceitful; collusive; fraudulent; dishonest.</def>

<h1>Cow</h1>
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<hw>Cow</hw> <tt>(kou)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cowl</er> a hood.]</ety> <def>A chimney cap; a cowl</def>

<h1>Cow</h1>
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<hw>Cow</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cows</plw> (kouz); old pl.  <plw>Kine</plw> <tt>(k<?/n)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>cu</ets>, <ets>cou</ets>, AS.  <ets>c<?/</ets>; akin to D.  <ets>koe</ets>, G. <ets>kuh</ets>, OHG. <ets>kuo</ets>, Icel. <ets>k<?/r</ets>, Dan. & Sw.  <ets>ko</ets>, L.  <ets>bos</ets> ox, cow, Gr. <?/<?/<?/. Skr. <ets>g<?/</ets>. &root;223. Cf.  <er>Beef</er>, <er>Bovine</er>, <er>Bucolic</er>, <er>Butter</er>, <er>Nylghau</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The mature <i>female of bovine animals</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The female of certain large mammals, as whales, seals, etc.</def>

<h1>Cow</h1>
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<hw>Cow</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cowed</er> <tt>(koud)</tt>;; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel.  <ets>kuga</ets>, Sw.  <ets>kufva</ets> to check, subdue, Dan.  <ets>kue</ets>.  Cf. <er>Cuff</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To depress with fear; to daunt the spirits or courage of; to overawe.</def>

<blockquote>To vanquish a people already <b>cowed</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>THe French king was <b>cowed</b>.
<i>J. R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cow</h1>
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<hw>Cow</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from same root as <ets>cow</ets>, v.t.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A wedge, or brake, to check the motion of a machine or car; a chock.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Cowage</h1>
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<hw>Cow"age</hw> <tt>(kou1?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cowhage</er>.</def>

<h1>Cowan</h1>
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<hw>Cow"an</hw> <tt>(kou"<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF.  <ets>couillon</ets> a coward, a cullion.]</ety> <def>One who works as a mason without having served a regular apprenticeship.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark> <note>Among Freemasons, it is a cant term for <i>pretender</i>, <i>interloper</i>.</note>

<h1>Coward</h1>
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<hw>Cow"ard</hw> <tt>(kou"?rd)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF.  <ets>couard</ets>, <ets>coard</ets>, <ets>coart</ets>, <ets>n.</ets> and adj., F.  <ets>couard</ets>, fr. OF.  <ets>coe</ets>, <ets>coue</ets>, tail, F.  <ets>queue</ets> (fr. L.  <ets>coda</ets>, a form of <ets>cauda</ets> tail) + <ets>-ard</ets>; orig., short-tailed, as an epithet of the hare, or perh., turning tail, like a scared dog. Cf. <er>Cue</er>, <er>Queue</er>, <er>Caudal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Borne in the escutcheon with his tail doubled between his legs; -- said of a lion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destitute of courage; timid; cowardly.</def>

<blockquote>Fie, <b>coward</b> woman, and soft-hearted wretch.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Belonging to a coward; proceeding from, or expressive of, base fear or timidity.</def>

<blockquote>He raised the house with loud and <b>coward</b> cries.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Invading fears repel my <b>coward</b> joy.
<i>Proir.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coward</h1>
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<hw>Cow"ard</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who lacks courage; a timid or pusillanimous person; a poltroon.</def>

<blockquote>A fool is nauseous, but a <b>coward</b> worse.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Craven; poltroon; dastard.</syn>

<h1>Coward</h1>
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<hw>Cow"ard</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make timoroys; to frighten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That which <b>cowardeth</b> a man's heart.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cowardice</h1>
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<hw>Cow"ard*ice</hw> <tt>(-?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>couardise</ets>, fr. <ets>couard</ets>. See <er>Coward</er>.]</ety> <def>Want of courage to face danger; extreme timidity; pusillanimity; base fear of danger or hurt; lack of spirit.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>cowardice</b> of doing wrong.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Moderation was despised as <b>cowardice</b>.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="337">
Page 337<p>

<h1>Cowardie</h1>
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<hw>Cow"ard*ie</hw> <tt>(kou"?rd-?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.  <ets>couardie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cowardice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cowardish</h1>
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<hw>Cow"ard*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cowardly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " A base and a <i>cowardish</i> mind."

<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i>

<h1>Cowardize</h1>
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<hw>Cow"ard*ize</hw> <tt>(-<?/z)</tt>, <tt>v. t. </tt> <def>To render cowardly</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>God . . . <b>cowardizeth</b> . . . insolent spirits.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cowardliness</h1>
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<hw>Cow"ard*li*ness</hw> <tt>(-l?-n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cowardice.</def>

<h1>Cowardly</h1>
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<hw>Cow"ard*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanting courage; basely or weakly timid or fearful; pusillanimous; spiritless.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>cowardly</b> rascals that ran from the battle.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Proceeding from fear of danger or other consequences; befitting a coward; dastardly; base; <as>as, <ex>cowardly</ex> malignity</as>.</def>

<i>Macualay.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>cowardly</b> rashness of those who dare not look danger in the face.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Timid; fearful; timorous; dastardly; pusillanimous; recreant; craven; faint-hearted; chicken-hearted; white-livered.</syn>

<h1>Cowardly</h1>
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<hw>Cow"ard*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a coward.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Cowardship</h1>
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<hw>Cow"ard*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cowardice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cowbane</h1>
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<hw>Cow"bane`</hw> <tt>(kou"b?n`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A poisonous umbelliferous plant; in England, the <i>Cicuta virosa</i>; in the United States, the <i>Cicuta maculata</i> and the <i>Archemora rigida</i>. See <er>Water hemlock</er>.</def>

<h1>Cowberry</h1>
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<hw>Cow"ber`ry</hw> <tt>(-b?r`r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cowberries</plw> <tt>(-r<?/z)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of <spn>Vaccinium</spn> (<spn>V. Vitis-id</spn>), which bears acid red berries which are sometimes used in cookery; -- locally called <i>mountain cranberry</i>.</def>

<h1>Cowbird</h1>
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<hw>Cow"bird`</hw> <tt>(-b?rd`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cow blackbird (<spn>Molothrus ater</spn>), an American starling. Like the European cuckoo, it builds no nest, but lays its eggs in the nests of other birds; -- so called because frequently associated with cattle.</def>

<h1>Cowblakes</h1>
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<hw>Cow"blakes`</hw> <tt>(-bl?ks`)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Dried cow dung used as fuel.</def><mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Cowboy</h1>
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<hw>Cow"boy`</hw> <tt>(-boi`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cattle herder; a drover; specifically, one of an adventurous class of herders and drovers on the plains of the Western and Southwestern United States.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the marauders who, in the Revolutionary War infested the neutral ground between the American and British lines, and committed depredations on the Americans.</def>

<h1>Cowcatxjer</h1>
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<hw>Cow"catxj`er</hw> <tt>(-k?ch`?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A strong inclined frame, usually of wrought-iron bars, in front of a locomotive engine, for catching or throwing off obstructions on a railway, as cattle; the pilot.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Cowdie</h1>
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<hw>Cow"die</hw> <tt>(kou"d?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Kauri</er>.</def>

<h1>Cower</h1>
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<hw>Cow"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cowered</er> <tt>(-?rd)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cowering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>kera</ets> to doze, liequiet, Sw. <ets>kura</ets>, Dan.  <ets>kure</ets>, G.  <ets>kauern</ets> to cower, W. <ets>cwrian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To stoop by bending the knees; to crouch; to squat; hence, to quail; to sink through fear.</def>

<blockquote>Our dame sits <b>cowering</b> o'er a kitchen fire.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Like falcons, <b>cowering</b> on the nest.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cower</h1>
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<hw>Cow"er</hw> <tt>(kou"?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cherish with care.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cowfish</h1>
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<hw>Cow"fish`</hw> <tt>(-f?ch`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The grampus.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A California dolphin (<spn>Tursiops Gillii</spn>).</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A marine plectognath fish (<spn>Ostracoin quadricorne</spn>, and allied species), having two projections, like horns, in front; -- called also <altname>cuckold</altname>, <altname>coffer fish</altname>, <altname>trunkfish</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cowhage</h1>
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<hw>Cow"hage</hw> <tt>(kou"h?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Hind. <ets>kaw<?/nch</ets>, <ets>ko<?/nch</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leguminous climbing plant of the genus <spn>Mucuna</spn>, having crooked pods covered with sharp hairs, which stick to the fingers, causing intolerable itching. The spicul\'91 are sometimes used in medicine as a mechanical vermifuge.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>couhage</asp>, <asp>cowage</asp>, and <asp>cowitch</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cowhearted</h1>
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<hw>Cow"heart`ed</hw> <tt>(-h?rt`?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cowardly.</def>

<blockquote>The Lady Powis . . . patted him with her fan, and called him a <b>cowhearted</b> fellow.
<i>R. North.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cowherd</h1>
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<hw>Cow"herd`</hw> <tt>(-h?rd`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>c<?/hyrde</ets>; <ets>c<?/</ets> cow + <ets>hyrde</ets> a herder.]</ety> <def>One whose occupation is to tend cows.</def>

<h1>Cowhide</h1>
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<hw>Cow"hide`</hw> <tt>(-h?d`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The hide of a cow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Leather made of the hide of a cow.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A coarse whip made of untanned leather.</def>

<h1>Cowhide</h1>
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<hw>Cow"hide`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cowhided</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cowhiding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To flog with a cowhide.</def>

<h1>Cowish</h1>
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<hw>Cow"ish</hw> <tt>(kou"?sh)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cow</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Timorous; fearful; cowardly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cowish</h1>
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<hw>Cow"ish</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An umbelliferous plant (<spn>Peucedanum Cous</spn>) with edible tuberous roots, found in Oregon.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cous</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cowitch</h1>
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<hw>Cow"itch</hw> <tt>(kou"?ch; 224)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See Cowhage.</def>

<h1>Cowl</h1>
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<hw>Cowl</hw> <tt>(koul)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS\'3e <ets>cuhle</ets>, <ets>cugle</ets>, <ets>cugele</ets>; cf. dial. G.  <ets>kogel</ets>, <ets>gugel</ets>, OF.  <ets>coule</ets>, <ets>goule</ets>; all fr. LL.  <ets>cuculla</ets>, <ets>cucullus</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>cucullus</ets> cap, hood; perh. akin to <ets>celare</ets> to conceal, <ets>cella</ets> cell. Cf. <er>Cucullate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A monk's hood; -- usually attached to the gown. The nname was also applied to the hood and garment together.</def>

<blockquote>What differ more, you cry, than crown and <b>cowl</b>?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cowl-shaped cap, commonly turning with the wind, used to improve the draft of a chimney, ventilatingshaft, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A wire cap for the smokestack of a locomotive.</def>

<h1>Cowl</h1>
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<hw>Cowl</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF.  <ets>cuvele</ets>, <ets>cuvel</ets>, dim. of F.  <ets>cuve</ets> tub, vat, fr. L.  <ets>cupa</ets>. See <er>Cup</er>.]</ety> <def>A vessel carried on a pole between two persons, for conveyance of water.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Cowled</h1>
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<hw>Cowled</hw> <tt>(kould)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing a cowl; hooded; <as>as, a <ex>cowled</ex> monk</as>.</def> "That <i>cowled</i> churchman."

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Cowleech</h1>
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<hw>Cow"leech`</hw> <tt>(kou"l?ch`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[2d <ets>cow + leech</ets> a physician.]</ety> <def>One who heals disease of cows; a cow doctor.</def>

<h1>Cowleeching</h1>
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<hw>Cow"leech`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Healing the distemper of cows.</def>

<h1>Cowlick</h1>
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<hw>Cow"lick`</hw> <tt>(-l?k`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tuft of hair turned up or awry (usually over the forehead), as if licked by a cow.</def>

<h1>Cowlike</h1>
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<hw>Cow"like`</hw> <tt>(-l?k`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a cow.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>cowlike</b> udders and with oxlike eyes.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cowlstaff</h1>
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<hw>Cowl"staff`</hw> <tt>(koul"st?f`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cowl</ets> a vessel + <ets>staff</ets>.]</ety> <def>A staff or pole on which a vessel is supported between two persons.</def>

<i>Suckling.</i>

<h1>Coworker</h1>
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<hw>Co`work"er</hw> <tt>(k?`w?rk"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who works with another; a co<?/perator.</def>

<h1>Cow parsley</h1>
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<hw>Cow" pars`ley</hw> <tt>(kou` p?rs`l?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An umbelliferous plant of the genus <spn>Ch\'91rophyllum</spn> (<spn>C. temulum</spn> and <spn>C. sylvestre</spn>).</def>

<h1>Cow parsnip</h1>
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<hw>Cow" pars`nip</hw> <tt>(-n?p)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A coarse umbelliferous weed of the genus <spn>Heracleum</spn> (<spn>H. sphondylium</spn> in England, and <spn>H. lanatum</spn> in America).</def>

<h1>Cowpea</h1>
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<hw>Cow"pea`</hw> <tt>(-p?`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The seed of one or more leguminous plants of the genus <spn>Dolichos</spn>; also, the plant itself. Many varieties are cultivated in the southern part of the United States.</def>

<h1>Cowper's glands</h1>
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<hw>Cow"per's glands`</hw> <tt>(kou"p?rz gl?ndz`)</tt>. <ety>[After the discoverer, William <ets>Cowper</ets>, an English surgeon.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Two small glands discharging into the male urethra.</def>

<h1>Cow-pilot</h1>
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<hw>Cow"-pi`lot</hw> <tt><fld>(kou1p?`l?t)/pr>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A handsomely banded, coral-reef fish, of Florida and the West Indies (<spn>Pomacentrus saxatilis</spn>); -- called also <altname>mojarra</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cowpock</h1>
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<hw>Cow"pock`</hw> <tt>(-p?k`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>See <er>Cowpox</er>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Cowpox</h1>
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<hw>Cow"pox`</hw> <tt>(--p?ks`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A pustular eruptive disease of the cow, which, when communicated to the human system, as by vaccination, protects from the smallpox; vaccinia; -- called also <altname>kinepox</altname>, <altname>cowpock</altname>, and <altname>kinepock</altname>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Cowquake</h1>
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<hw>Cow"quake`</hw> <tt>(-kw?k`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants (<spn>Briza</spn>); quaking grass.</def>

<h1>Cowrie</h1>
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<hw>Cow"rie</hw> <tt>(-r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Kauri</er>.</def>

<h1>Cowrie Cowry</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cow"rie Cow"ry</hw><hw> <tt>(kou"r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cowries</plw> <tt>(-r<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Hind.  <ets>kaur<?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine shell of the genus <spn>Cypr\'91a</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; There are numerous species, many of them ornamental. Formerly <spn>C. moneta</spn> and several other species were largely used as money in Africa and some other countries, and they are still so used to some extent. The value is always trifling, and varies at different places.</note>

<h1>Cowslip</h1>
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<hw>Cow"slip`</hw> <tt>(-sl?p`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.  <ets>c<?/slyppe</ets>, <ets>c<?/sloppe</ets>, prob. orig., cow's droppings. Cf. <er>Slop</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A common flower in England (<spn>Primula veris</spn>) having yellow blossoms and appearing in early spring. It is often cultivated in the United States.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the United States, the marsh marigold (<spn>Caltha palustris</spn>), appearing in wet places in early spring and often used as a pot herb. It is nearer to a buttercup than to a true cowslip. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Marsh marigold</er>.</def>

<cs><col>American cowslip</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a pretty flower of the West (<spn>Dodecatheon Meadia</spn>), belonging to the same order (<spn>Primulace\'91</spn>) with the English cowslip.</cd> -- <col>French cowslip</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>bear's-ear (<spn>Primula Auricula</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Cowslipped</h1>
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<hw>Cow"slipped`</hw> <tt>(-sl?pt`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adorned with cowslips.</def> "<i>Cowslipped</i> lawns."

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Cow's lungwort</h1>
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<hw>Cow's" lung"wort`</hw> <tt>(kouz" l?ng"w?rt`)</tt>. <def>Mullein.</def>

<h1>Cow tree</h1>
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<hw>Cow" tree`</hw> <tt>(kou" tr?`)</tt>. <ety>[Cf. SP.  <ets>palo de vaca</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree (<spn>Galactodendron utile</spn> or <spn>Brosimum Galactodendron</spn>) of South America, which yields, on incision, a nourishing fluid, resembling milk.</def>

<h1>Cowweed</h1>
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<hw>Cow"weed"</hw> <tt>(-wEd`)</tt>,, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Cow parsley</er>.</def>

<h1>Cowwheat</h1>
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<hw>Cow"wheat`</hw> <tt>(-hw?t`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A weed of the genus <spn>Melampyrum</spn>, with black seeds, found on European wheatfields.</def>

<h1>Cox</h1>
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<hw>Cox</hw> <tt>(k?ks)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.  <ets>cokes</ets>. Cf. <er>Coax</er>.]</ety> <def>A coxcomb; a simpleton; a gull.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Go; you're a brainless <b>cox</b>, a toy, a fop.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coxxa</h1>
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<hw>Coxx"a</hw> <tt>(k?ks"?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the hip.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The first joint of the leg of an insect or crustacean.</def>

<h1>Coxalgia -lj-, Coxalgy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cox*al"gi*a</hw> <tt>(-?l"j?-?)</tt>, <hw>Cox"al`gy</hw> <tt>(k?ks"?l`j?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>coxalgia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>coxa</ets> hip. + Gr. <?/<?/<?/ pain: cf. F. <ets>coxalgie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pain in the hip.</def>

<h1>Coxcomb</h1>
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<hw>Cox"comb`</hw> <tt>(k?ks"k?m`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corrupted spelling of <ets>cock's comb</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A strip of red cloth notched like the comb of a cock, which licensed jesters formerly wore in their caps.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cap itself.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The top of the head, or the head itself</def>.

<blockquote>We will belabor you a little better,
And beat a little more care into your <b>coxcombs</b>.
<i>Beau  & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A vain, showy fellow; a conceited, silly man, fond of display; a superficial pretender to knowledge or accomplishments; a fop.</def>

<blockquote>Fond to be seen, she kept a bevy
Of powdered <b>coxcombs</b> at her levee.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some are bewildered in the maze of schools,
And some made <b>coxcombs</b>, nature meant but fools.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several plants of different genera, but particularly to <spn>Celosia cristata</spn>, or garden cockscomb. Same as <er>Cockscomb</er>.</def>

<h1>Coxcombical</h1>
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<hw>Cox*comb"ic*al</hw> <tt>(k?ks-k?m"?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Befitting or indicating a coxcomb; like a coxcomb; foppish; conceited.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Cox*comb"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Studded all over in <b>coxcombical</b> fashion with little brass nails.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coxcombly</h1>
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<hw>Cox"comb"ly</hw> <tt>(k?ks"k?m`l?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>like a coxcomb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "You <i>coxcombly</i> ass, you!"

<i>Beau & Fl.</i>

<h1>Coxcombry</h1>
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<hw>Cox"comb`ry</hw> <tt>(-r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The manners of a coxcomb; foppishness.</def>

<h1>Coxcomical</h1>
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<hw>Cox*com"ic*al</hw> <tt>(k?ks-k?m"?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Coxcombical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Coxcomically</h1>
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<hw>Cox*com"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Conceitedly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Coxswain</h1>
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<hw>Cox"swain`</hw> <tt>(k?k"sw?n, <mark>Colloq.</mark> k?k"s'n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cockswain</er>.</def>

<h1>Coy</h1>
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<hw>Coy</hw> <tt>(koi)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE.  <ets>coi</ets> quiet, still, OF.  <ets>coi</ets>, <ets>coit</ets>, fr.L. quietus quiet, p. p. of <ets>quiescere</ets> to rest, <ets>quie</ets> rest; prob. akin to E. <ets>while</ets>. See <er>While</er>, and cf. <er>Quiet</er>, <er>Quit</er>, <er>Quite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Quiet; still.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Shrinking from approach or familiarity; reserved; bashful; shy; modest; -- usually applied to women, sometimes with an implication of coquetry.</def>

<blockquote><b>Coy</b>, and difficult to win.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Coy</b> and furtive graces.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor the <b>coy</b> maid, half willings to be pressed,
Shall kiss the cup, to pass it to the rest.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Soft; gentle; hesitating.</def>

<blockquote>Enforced hate,
Instead of love's <b>coy</b> touch, shall rudely tear thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Shy; shriking; reserved; modest; bashful; backward; distant.</syn>

<h1>Coy</h1>
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<hw>Coy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Coyed</er> <tt>(koid)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Coying</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To allure; to entice; to decoy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A wiser generation, who have the art to <b>coy</b> the fonder sort into their nets.
<i>Bp. Rainbow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To caress with the hand; to stroke.</def>

<blockquote>Come sit thee down upon this flowery bed,
While I thy amiable cheeks do <b>coy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coy</h1>
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<hw>Coy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To behave with reserve or coyness; to shrink from approach or familiarity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thus to <b>coy</b> it,
With one who knows you too!
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make difficulty; to be unwilling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If he <b>coyed</b>
To hear Cominius speak, I 'll keep at home.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Coyish</h1>
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<hw>Coy"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat coy or reserved.</def>

<i>Warner.</i>

<h1>Coyly</h1>
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<hw>Coy"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a coy manner; with reserve.</def>

<h1>Coyness</h1>
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<hw>Coy"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being coy; feigned o<?/ bashful unwillingness to become familiar; reserve.</def>

<blockquote>When the kind nymph would <b>coyness</b> feign,
And hides but to be found again.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Reserve; shrinking; shyness; backwardness; modesty; bashfulness.</syn>

<h1>Coyote</h1>
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<hw>Coy"o*te</hw> <tt>(k?"?-t? &or; k?"?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Spanish Amer., fr. Mexican <ets>coyotl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carnivorous animal (<spn>Canis latrans</spn>), allied to the dog, found in the western part of North America; -- called also <altname>prairie wolf</altname>. Its voice is a snapping bark, followed by a prolonged, shrill howl.</def>

<h1>Coypu</h1>
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<hw>Coy"pu</hw> <tt>(koi"p??)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American rodent (<spn>Myopotamus coypus</spn>), allied to the beaver. It produces a valuable fur called nutria.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>coypou</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Coystrel</h1>
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<hw>Coys"trel</hw> <tt>(kois"tr?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Coistril</er>.</def>

<h1>Coz</h1>
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<hw>Coz</hw> <tt>(k?z)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A contraction of <i>cousin</i>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cozen</h1>
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<hw>Coz"en</hw> <tt>(k?z"'n)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cozened</er> <tt>(-'nd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cozening</er> <tt>(-'n-?ng)</tt>. ]</wordforms> <ety>[From <ets>cousin</ets>, hence, literally, to deceive through pretext of relationship, F. <ets>cousiner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cheat; to defrand; to beguile; to deceive, usually by small arts, or in a pitiful way.</def>

<blockquote>He had <b>cozened</b> the world by fine phrases.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Children may be <b>cozened</b> into a knowledge of the letters.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Goring loved no man so well but that he would <b>cozen</b> him,
and expose him to public mirth for having been cozened.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cowen</h1>
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<hw>Cow"en</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To deceive; to cheat; to act deceitfully.</def>

<blockquote>Some cogging,<b>cozening</b> slave.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cozenage</h1>
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<hw>Coz"en*age</hw> <tt>(-?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cozen</er>, and cf. <er>Cousinage</er>.]</ety> <def>The art or practice of cozening; artifice; fraud.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cozener</h1>
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<hw>Coz"en*er</hw> <tt>(k?z"'n-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who cheats or defrauds.</def>

<h1>Cozier</h1>
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<hw>Co*zier</hw> <tt>(k?"zh?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cosier</er>.</def>

<h1>Cozily</h1>
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<hw>Co"zi*ly</hw> <tt>(k?"z?-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Snugly; comfortably.</def>

<h1>Coziness</h1>
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<hw>Co"zi*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being cozy.</def>

<h1>Cozy</h1>
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<hw>Co"zy</hw> <tt>(k?"z?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Cozier</er> <tt>(-z?-?r)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Coziest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Scot.  <ets>cosie</ets>, <ets>cozie</ets>, prob. from Gael. <ets>cosach</ets> abounding in hollows, or <ets>cosagach</ets> full of holes or crevices, snug, sheltered, from <ets>cos</ets> a hollow, a crevice.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Snug; comfortable; easy; contented.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cosey</asp> and <asp>cosy</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>causer</ets> to chat, talk.]</ety> <def>Chatty; talkative; sociable; familiar.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Cozy</h1>
<Xpage=337>

<hw>Co"zy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cozy</er>,<tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A wadded covering for a teakettle or other vessel to keep the contents hot.</def>

<hr>
<page="338">
Page 338<p>

<h1>Crab</h1>
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<hw>Crab</hw> <tt>(kr?b)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>crabba</ets>; akin to D. <ets>krab</ets>, <ets>G</ets>.  <ets>krabbe</ets>, <ets>krebs</ets>, Icel. <ets>krabbi</ets>, Sw. <ets>krabba</ets>, Dan. <ets>krabbe</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>cramp</ets>. Cf. <er>Crawfish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the brachyuran Crustacea. They are mostly marine, and usually have a broad, short body, covered with a strong shell or carapace. The abdomen is small and curled up beneath the body.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is applied to all the Brachyura, and to certain Anomura, as the hermit <i>crabs</i>.  Formerly, it was sometimes applied to Crustacea in general. Many species are edible, the blue crab of the Atlantic coast being one of the most esteemed. The large European edible crab is <spn>Cancer padurus</spn>. <i>Soft-shelled crabs</i> are blue crabs that have recently cast their shells. See <er>Cancer</er>; also, <cref>Box crab</cref>, <cref>Fiddler crab</cref>, <cref>Hermit crab</cref>, <cref>Spider crab</cref>, etc., under <er>Box</er>, <er>Fiddler</er>. etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The zodiacal constellation Cancer.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[See <er>Crab</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A crab apple; -- so named from its harsh taste.</def>

<blockquote>When roasted <b>crabs</b> hiss in the bowl,
Then nightly sings the staring owl.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A cudgel made of the wood of the crab tree; a crabstick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Garrick.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A movable winch or windlass with powerful gearing, used with derricks, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A form of windlass, or geared capstan, for hauling ships into dock, etc.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A machine used in ropewalks to stretch the yarn.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A claw for anchoring a portable machine.</def>

<cs><col>Calling crab</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Fiddler</er>., <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Crab apple</col>, <cd>a small, sour apple, of several kinds; also, the tree which bears it; as, the European <i>crab apple</i> (<spn>Pyrus Malus</spn> var.<spn>sylvestris</spn>); the Siberian <i>crab apple</i> (<spn>Pyrus baccata</spn>); and the American (<spn>Pyrus coronaria</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Crab grass</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A grass (<spn>Digitaria, &or;  Panicum, sanguinalis</spn>); -- called also <altname>finger grass</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A grass of the genus <spn>Eleusine</spn> (<spn>E. Indica</spn>); -- called also <altname>dog's-tail grass</altname>, <altname>wire grass</altname>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Crab louse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of louse (<spn>Phthirius pubis</spn>), sometimes infesting the human body.</cd> -- <col>Crab plover</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Asiatic plover (<spn>Dromas ardeola</spn>).</cd> -- <mcol><col>Crab's eyes</col>, &or; <col>Crab's stones</col></mcol>, <cd>masses of calcareous matter found, at certain seasons of the year, on either side of the stomach of the European crawfishes, and formerly used in medicine for absorbent and antacid purposes; the gastroliths.</cd> -- <col>Crab spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of a group of spiders (<spn>Laterigrad\'91</spn>); -- called because they can run backwards or sideways like a crab.</cd> -- <col>Crab tree</col>, <cd>the tree that bears crab applies.</cd> -- <col>Crab wood</col>, <cd>a light cabinet wood obtained in Guiana, which takes a high polish.</cd> <i>McElrath</i>. -- <col>To catch a crab</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a phrase used of a rower</cd>: <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>when he fails to raise his oar clear of the water</cd>; <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>when he misses the water altogether in making a stroke.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crab</h1>
<Xpage=338>

<hw>Crab</hw> <tt>(kr?b)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make sour or morose; to embitter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sickness sours or <b>crabs</b> our nature.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To beat with a crabstick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Crab</h1>
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<hw>Crab</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld><def>To drift sidewise or to leeward, as a vessel.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Crab</h1>
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<hw>Crab</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from the same root as <ets>crab</ets>, <ets>n.</ets>]</ety> <def>Sour; rough; austere.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>crab</b> vintage of the neighb'ring coast.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crabbed</h1>
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<hw>Crab"bed</hw> <tt>(kr?b"b?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Crab</er>,<tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Characterized by or manifesting, sourness, peevishness, or moroseness; harsh; cross; cynical; -- applied to feelings, disposition, or manners.</def>

<blockquote><b>Crabbed</b> age and youth can not live together.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by harshness or roughness; unpleasant; -- applied to things; <as>as, a <ex>crabbed</ex> taste</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Obscure; difficult; perplexing; trying; <as>as, a <ex>crabbed</ex> author</as>.</def> "<i>Crabbed</i> eloquence."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>How charming is divine philosophy!
Not harsh and <b>crabbed</b>, as dull fools suppose.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Cramped; irregular; <as>as, <ex>crabbed</ex> handwriting</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Crab"bed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt>  -- <wf>Crab"bed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Crabber</h1>
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<hw>Crab"ber</hw> <tt>(kr?b"b?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who catches crabs.</def>

<h1>Crabbing</h1>
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<hw>Crab"bing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or art of catching crabs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>The foghting of hawks with each other.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Woolem Manuf.)</fld> <def>A process of scouring clocth be<?/ween rolls in a machine.</def>

<h1>Crabbish</h1>
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<hw>Crab"bish</hw> <tt>(kr?b"b?sh)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat sour or cross.</def>

<blockquote>The wips of the most <b>crabbish</b> Satyristes.
<i>Decker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crabby</h1>
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<hw>Crab"by</hw> <tt>(-b?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Crabbed; difficult, or perplexing.</def> "Persius is <i>crabby</i>, because ancient."

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Crabeater</h1>
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<hw>Crab"eat`er</hw> <tt>(kr?b"?t`?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The cobia.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An etheostomoid fish of the southern United States (<spn>Hadropterus nigrofasciatus</spn>).</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A small European heron (<spn>Ardea minuta</spn>, and other allied species).</def>

<h1>Craber</h1>
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<hw>Cra"ber</hw> <tt>(kr?"b?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The water rat.</def>

<i>Walton.</i>

<h1>Crabfaced</h1>
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<hw>Crab"faced`</hw> <tt>(kr?b"f?st`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a sour, disagreeable countenance.</def>

<i>Beau & Fl.</i>

<h1>Crabsidle</h1>
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<hw>Crab"si`dle</hw> <tt>(-s?`d'l)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To move sidewise, as a crab. <mark>[Jocular]</mark>.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Crabstick</h1>
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<hw>Crab"stick`</hw> <tt>(-st?k`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stick, cane, or cudgel, made of the wood of the carb tree.</def>

<h1>Crab tree</h1>
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<hw>Crab" tree</hw> <tt>(tr?`)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Crab</er>.</def>

<h1>Crab-yaws</h1>
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<hw>Crab"-yaws`</hw> <tt>(kr?b"y?z`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease in the West Indies. It is a kind of ulcer on the soles of the feet, with very hard edges. See <er>Yaws</er>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Crache</h1>
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<hw>Crache</hw> <tt>(kr?ch)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt> <def>To scratch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Crack</h1>
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<hw>Crack</hw> <tt>(kr?k)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cracked</er> <tt>(kr?kt)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cracking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cracken</ets>, <ets>craken</ets>, to crack, break, boast, AS. <ets>cracian</ets>, <ets>cearcian</ets>, to crack; akin to D.  <ets>kraken</ets>, G. <ets>krachen</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>garj</ets> to rattle, or perh. of imitative origin. Cf. <er>Crake</er>, <er>Cracknel</er>, <er>Creak</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To break or burst, with or without entire separation of the parts; <as>as, to <ex>crack</ex> glass; to <ex>crack</ex> nuts.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rend with grief or pain; to affect deeply with sorrow; hence, to disorder; to distract; to craze.</def>

<blockquote>O, madam, my old hear is <b>cracked</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He thought none poets till their brains were <b>cracked</b>.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to sound suddenly and sharply; to snap; <as>as, to <ex>crack</ex> a whip</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To utter smartly and sententiously; <as>as, to <ex>crack</ex> a joke</as>.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To cry up; to extol; -- followed by <i>up</i></def>. <mark>[Low]</mark>

<cs><col>To crack a bottle</col>, <cd>to open the bottle and drink its contents.</cd> -- <col>To crack a crib</col>, <cd>to commit burglary.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>To crack on</col>, <cd>to put on; as, <i>to crack on</i> more sail, or more steam. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Crack</h1>
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<hw>Crack</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To burst or open in chinks; to break, with or without quite separating into parts.</def>

<blockquote>By misfortune it <b>cracked</b> in the coling.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The mirror <b>cracked</b> from side to side.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be ruined or impaired; to fail.</def> <mark>[Collog.]</mark>

<blockquote>The credit . . . of exchequers <b>cracks</b>, when little comes in and much goes out.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To utter a loud or sharp, sudden sound.</def>

<blockquote>As thunder when the clouds in autumn <b>crack</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To utter vain, pompous words; to brag; to boast; -- with <i>of</i>.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ethoipes of their sweet complexion <b>crack</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crack</h1>
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<hw>Crack</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A partial separation of parts, with or without a perceptible opening; a chink or fissure; a narrow breach; a crevice; <as>as, a <ex>crack</ex> in timber, or in a wall, or in glass</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ropture; flaw; breach, in a moral sense.</def>

<blockquote>My love to thee is sound, sans <b>crack</b> or flaw.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sharp, sudden sound or report; the sound of anything suddenly burst or broken; <as>as, the <ex>crack</ex> of a falling house; the <ex>crack</ex> of thunder; the <ex>crack</ex> of a whip.</as></def>

<blockquote>Will the stretch out to the <b>crack</b> of doom?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The tone of voice when changed at puberty.</def>

<blockquote>Though now our voices
Have got the mannish <b>crack</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Mental flaw; a touch of craziness; partial insanity; <as>as, he has a <ex>crack</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A crazy or crack-brained person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I . . . can not get the Parliament to listen to me, who look upon me as a <b>crack</b> and a projector.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A boast; boasting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Crack</i> and brags." <i>Burton</i>. "Vainglorius <i>cracks</i>." <i>Spenser</i>.

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Breach of chastity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A boy, generally a pert, lively boy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><it>Val</it>. 'Tis a noble child. <it>Vir</it>. A <b>crack</b>, madam.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>A brief time; an instant; <as>as, to be with one in a <ex>crack</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Eng. & Scot. Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Free conversation; friendly chat.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>What is <b>crack</b> in English? . . . A<b>crack</b> . . . a chat with a good, kindly human heart in it.
<i>P. P. Alexander.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crack</h1>
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<hw>Crack</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of superior excellence; having qualities to be boasted of.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>One of our <b>crack</b> speakers in the Commons.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crack-brained</h1>
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<hw>Crack"-brained`</hw> <tt>(-br?nd`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having an impaired intellect; whimsical; crazy.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Cracked</h1>
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<hw>Cracked</hw> <tt>(kr?kt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Coarsely ground or broken; <as>as, <ex>cracked</ex> wheat</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Crack-brained.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Cracker</h1>
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<hw>Crack"er</hw> <tt>(kr?k"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, cracks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A noisy boaster; a swaggering fellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What <b>cracker</b> is this same that deafs our ears?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small firework, consisting of a little powder inclossed in a thick paper cylinder with a fuse, and exploding with a sharp noise; -- often called <i>firecracker</i>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A thin, dry biscuit, often hard or crisp; <as>as, a Boston <ex>cracker</ex>; a Graham <ex>cracker</ex>; a soda <ex>cracker</ex>; an oyster <ex>cracker</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A nickname to designate a poor white in some parts of the Southern United States.</def>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pintail duck.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A pair of fluted rolls for grinding caoutchouc.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Crackle</h1>
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<hw>Crac"kle</hw> <tt>(kr?k"k'l)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>crack</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make slight cracks; to make small, sharp, sudden noises, rapidly or frequently repeated; to crepitate; <as>as, burning thorns <ex>crackle</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The unknown ice that <b>crackles</b> underneath them.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crackle</h1>
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<hw>Crac"kle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The noise of slight and frequent cracks or reports; a crackling.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>crackle</b> of fireworks.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of crackling sound or r&acir;le, heard in some abnormal states of the lungs; <as>as, dry <ex>crackle</ex>; moist <ex>crackle</ex>.</as></def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A condition produced in certain porcelain, fine earthenware, or glass, in which the glaze or enamel appears to be cracked in all directions, making a sort of reticulated surface; <as>as, Chinese <ex>crackle</ex>; Bohemian <ex>crackle</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Crackled</h1>
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<hw>Crac"kled</hw> <tt>(-k'ld)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Covered with minute cracks in the glaze; -- said of some kinds of porcelain and fine earthenware.</def>

<h1>Crackleware</h1>
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<hw>Crac"kle*ware`</hw> <tt>(-w?r`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Crackle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Crackling</h1>
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<hw>Crac"kling</hw> <tt>(kr?k"kl?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The making of small, sharp cracks or reports, frequently repeated.</def>

<blockquote>As the <b>crackling</b> of thorns under a pot, so is the laughter of the fool.
<i>Eccl. vii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The well-browned, crisp rind of roasted pork.</def>

<blockquote>For the first time in his life he tested <b>crackling</b>.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Food for dogs, made from the refuse of tallow melting.</def>

<h1>Cracknel</h1>
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<hw>Crack"nel</hw> <tt>(kr?k"n?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>craquelin</ets>, fr. D.  <ets>krakeling</ets>, fr. <ets>krakken</ets> to crack. See <er>Crack</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A hard brittle cake or biscuit.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Cracksman</h1>
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<hw>Cracks"man</hw> <tt>(kr?ks"m<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <plu>pl. <plw>Cracksmen</plw> <tt>(-m<i>e</i>n)</tt>.</plu> <def>A burglar.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Cracovian</h1>
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<hw>Cra*co"vi*an</hw> <tt>(kr?-k?"v?-<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Cracow in Poland.</def>

<h1>Cracovienne</h1>
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<hw>Cra*co`vi*enne"</hw> <tt>(kr?-k?`v?-?n")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>Cracow</ets>, the city.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A lively Polish dance, in 2-4 time.</def>

<h1>Cracowes</h1>
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<hw>Cra"cowes</hw> <tt>(kr?"k?z)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Long-toed boots or shoes formerly worn in many parts of Europe; -- so called from <ets>Cracow</ets>, in Poland, where they were first worn in the fourteenth century.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Cradle</h1>
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<hw>Cra"dle</hw> <tt>(kr?d'l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cradel</ets>, <ets>cradol</ets>, prob. from Celtic; cf. Gael. <ets>creathall</ets>, Ir. <ets>craidhal</ets>, W. <ets>cryd</ets> a shaking or rocking, a cradle; perh. akin to E. <ets>crate</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bed or cot for a baby, oscillating on rockers or swinginng on pivots; hence, the place of origin, or in which anything is nurtured or protected in the earlier period of existence; <as>as, a <ex>cradle</ex> of crime; the <ex>cradle</ex> of liberty.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>cradle</b> that received thee at thy birth.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No sooner was I crept out of my <b>cradle</b>
But I was made a king, at nine months old.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Infancy, or very early life.</def>

<blockquote>From their <b>cradles</b> bred together.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A form of worship in which they had been educated from their <b>cradles</b>.

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>An implement consisting of a broad scythe for cutting grain, with a set of long fingers parallel to the scythe, designed to receive the grain, and to lay it eventlyin a swath.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Engraving)</fld> <def>A tool used in mezzotint engraving, which, by a rocking motion, raises burrs on the surface of the plate, so preparing the ground.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A framework of timbers, or iron bars, moving upon ways or rollers, used to support, lift, or carry ships or other vessels, heavy guns, etc., as up an inclined plane, or across a strip of land, or in launching a ship.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A case for a broken or dislocated limb.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A frame to keep the bedclothes from conntact with the person.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A machine on rockers, used in washing out auriferous earth; -- also called a <altname>rocker</altname>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A suspended scaffold used in shafts.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>The ribbing for vaulted ceilings and arches intended to be covered with plaster.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The basket or apparatus in which, when a line has been made fast to a wrecked ship from the shore, the people are brought off from the wreck.</def>

<cs><col>Cat's cradle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cat</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cradle hole</col>, <cd>a sunken place in a road, caused by thawing, or by travel over a soft spot.</cd> -- <col>Cradle scythe</col>, <cd>a broad scythe used in a cradle for cutting grain.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cradle</h1>
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<hw>Cra"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cradled</er> <tt>(-d'ld)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cradling</er> <tt>(-dl?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay to rest, or rock, as in a cradle; to lull or quiet, as by rocking.</def>

<blockquote>It <b>cradles</b> their fears to sleep.
<i>D. A. Clark.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To nurse or train in infancy.</def>

<blockquote>He that hath been <b>cradled</b> in majesty will not leave the throne to play with beggars.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cut and lay with a cradle, as grain.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To transport a vessel by means of a cradle.</def>

<blockquote>In Lombardy . . . boats are <b>cradled</b> and transported over the grade.
<i>Knight.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To cradle a picture</col>, <cd>to put ribs across the back of a picture, to prevent the panels from warping.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cradle</h1>
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<hw>Cra"dle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lie or lodge, as in a cradle.</def>

<blockquote>Withered roots and husks wherein the acorn <b>cradled</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cradling</h1>
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<hw>Cra"dling</hw> <tt>(-dl?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of using a cradle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Coopering)</fld> <def>Cutting a cask into two pieces lengthwise, to enable it to pass a narrow place, the two parts being afterward united and rehooped.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>The framework in arched or coved ceilings to which the laths are nailed.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Craft</h1>
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<hw>Craft</hw> <tt>(kr?ft)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cr<?/ft</ets> strength, skill, art, cunning; akin to OS., G., Sw., & Dan. <ets>kraft</ets> strength, D. <ets>kracht</ets>, Icel. <ets>kraptr</ets>; perh. originally, a drawing together, stretching, from the root of E. <ets>cramp</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Strength; might; secret power.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Art or skill; dexterity in particular manual employment; hence, the occupation or employment itself; manual art; a trade.</def>

<blockquote>Ye know that by this <b>craft</b> we have our wealth.
<i>Acts xix. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A poem is the work of the poet; poesy is his skill or <b>craft</b> of making.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Since the birth of time, throughout all ages and nations,
Has the <b>craft</b> of the smith been held in repute.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Those engaged in any trade, taken collectively; a guild; <as>as, the <ex>craft</ex> of ironmongers</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The control of trade passed from the merchant guilds to the new <b>craft</b> guilds.
<i>J. R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Cunning, art, or skill, in a bad sense, or applied to bad purposes; artifice; guile; skill or dexterity employed to effect purposes by deceit or shrewd devices.</def>

<blockquote>You have that crooked wisdom which is called <b>craft</b>.
<i>Hobbes.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The chief priets and the scribes sought how they might take him by <b>craft</b>, and put him to death.
<i>Mark xiv. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel; vessels of any kind; -- generally used in a collective sense.</def>

<blockquote>The evolutions of the numerous tiny <b>craft</b> moving over the lake.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Small crafts</col>, <cd>small vessels, as sloops, schooners, ets.</cd></cs>

<h1>Craft</h1>
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<hw>Craft</hw>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <def>To play tricks; to practice artifice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>You have <b>crafted</b> fair.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Craftily</h1>
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<hw>Craft"i*ly</hw> <tt>(-?-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Crafty</er>.]</ety> <def>With craft; artfully; cunningly.</def>

<hr>
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Page 339<p>

<h1>Craftiness</h1>
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<hw>Craft"i*ness</hw> <tt>(kr?ft"?-n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dexterity in devising and effecting a purpose; cunning; artifice; stratagem.</def>

<blockquote>He taketh the wise in their own <b>craftiness</b>.
<i>Job. v. 13.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Craftless</h1>
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<hw>Craft"less</hw> <tt>(-l?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without craft or cunning.</def>

<blockquote>Helpless, <b>craftless</b>, and innocent people.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Craftsman</h1>
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<hw>Crafts"man</hw> <tt>(kr?fts"m<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Craftsmen</plw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>n)</tt>.</plu> <def>One skilled in some trade or manual occupation; an artificer; a mechanic.</def>

<h1>Craftsmanship</h1>
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<hw>Crafts"man*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The work of a craftsman.</def>

<h1>Craftsmaster</h1>
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<hw>Crafts"mas`ter</hw> <tt>(-m?s`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in his craft or trade; one of superior cunning.</def>

<blockquote>In cunning persuasion his <b>craftsmaster</b>.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crafty</h1>
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<hw>Craft"y</hw> <tt>(kr?ft"?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS.  <ets>cr<?/ftig</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to, or characterized by, craft or skill; dexterous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Crafty</i> work."

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Possessing dexterity; skilled; skillful.</def>

<blockquote>A noble <b>crafty</b> man of trees.
<i>Wyclif.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Skillful at deceiving others; characterized by craft; cunning; wily.</def> "A pair of <i>crafty</i> knaves."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>With anxious care and <b>crafty</b> wiles.
<i>J. Baillie.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Skillful; dexterous; cunning; artful; wily; <?/ly; fraudulent; deceitful; subtle; shrewd. See <er>Cunning</er>.</syn>

<h1>Crag</h1>
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<hw>Crag</hw> <tt>(kr?g)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>craig</ets>; akin to Gael. <ets>creag</ets>, Corn. <ets>karak</ets>, Armor. <ets>karrek</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A steep, rugged rock; a cough, broken cliff, or point of a rock, on a ledge.</def>

<blockquote>From <b>crag</b> to <b>crag</b> the signal fiew.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A partially compacted bed of gravel mixed with shells, of the Tertiary age.</def>

<h1>Crag</h1>
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<hw>Crag</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A form of <ets>craw</ets>: cf. D.  <ets>kraag</ets> neck, collar, G.  <ets>kragen</ets>. See <er>Craw</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The neck or throat</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And bear the <b>crag</b> so stiff and so state.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The neck piece or scrag of mutton.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Cragged</h1>
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<hw>Crag"ged</hw> <tt>(-g?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of crags, or steep, broken <?/<?/cks; abounding with prominences, points, and inequalities; rough; rugged.</def>

<blockquote>Into its <b>cragged</b> rents descend.
<i>J. Baillie.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cradgedness</h1>
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<hw>Crad"ged*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being cragged; cragginess.</def>

<h1>Cragginess</h1>
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<hw>Crag"gi*ness</hw> <tt>(-g?-n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being craggy.</def>

<h1>Craggy</h1>
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<hw>Crag"gy</hw> <tt>(kr?g"g?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of crags; rugged with projecting points of rocks; <as>as, the <ex>craggy</ex> side of a mountain</as>.</def> "The <i>craggy</i> ledge."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Cragsman</h1>
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<hw>Crags"man</hw> <tt>(kr?gz"m<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cragsmen</plw> <tt>(-m<i>e</i>n)</tt>.</plu> <def>One accustomed to climb rocks or crags; esp., one who makes a business of climbing the cliffs overhanging the sea to get the eggs of sea birds or the birds themselves.</def>

<h1>Craie</h1>
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<hw>Craie</hw> <tt>(kr?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Crare</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Craig flounder</h1>
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<hw>Craig" floun`der</hw> <tt>(kr?g" floun`d?r)</tt>. <ety>[Scot.  <ets>craig</ets> a rock. See 1st <er>Crag</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pole flounder.</def>

<h1>Crail</h1>
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<hw>Crail</hw> <tt>(kr?l)</tt>,, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Creel</er>.]</ety> <def>A creel or osier basket.</def>

<h1>Crake</h1>
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<hw>Crake</hw> <tt>(kr?k)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Crack</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cry out harshly and loudly, like the bird called <i>crake</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To boast; to speak loudly and boastfully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Each man may <b>crake</b> of that which was his own.
<i>Mir. for Mag.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crake</h1>
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<hw>Crake</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A boast. See <er>Crack</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Crake</h1>
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<hw>Crake</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel.  <ets>kr<?/ka</ets> crow, <ets>kr<?/kr</ets> raven, Sw. <ets>kr<?/ka</ets>, Dan.  <ets>krage</ets>; perh. of imitative origin.  Cf. <er>Crow</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species or rail of the genera <i>Crex</i> and Porzana; -- so called from its singular cry. See <er>Corncrake</er>.</def>

<h1>Crakeberry</h1>
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<hw>Crake"ber`ry</hw> <tt>(-b?r`r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Crowberry</er>.</def>

<h1>Craker</h1>
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<hw>Crak"er</hw> <tt>(kr?k"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who boasts; a braggart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Old Play.</i>

<h1>Cram</h1>
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<hw>Cram</hw> <tt>(kr?m)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crammed</er> <tt>(kr?md)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cramming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.  <ets>crammian</ets> to cram; akin to Icel.  <ets>kremia</ets> to squeeze, bruise, Sw.  <ets>krama</ets> to press. Cf. <er>Cramp</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To press, force, or drive, particularly in filling, or in thrustung one thing into another; to stuff; to crowd; to fill to superfluity; <as>as, to <ex>cram</ex> anything into a basket; to <ex>cram</ex> a room with people.</as></def>

<blockquote>Their storehouses <b>crammed</b> with grain.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He will <b>cram</b> his brass down our throats.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fill with food to satiety; to stuff.</def>

<blockquote>Children would be freer from disease if they were not <b>crammed</b> so much as they are by fond mothers.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Cram</b> us with praise, and make us
As fat as tame things.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To put hastily through an extensive course of memorizing or study, as in preparation for an examination; <as>as, a pupil is <ex>crammed</ex> by his tutor</as>.</def>

<h1>Cram</h1>
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<hw>Cram</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To eat greedly, and to satiety; to stuff.</def>

<blockquote>Gluttony . . . .
<b>Cr<?/ms</b>, and blasphemes his feeder.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make crude preparation for a special occasion, as an examination, by a hasty and extensive course of memorizing or study.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Cram</h1>
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<hw>Cram</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of cramming.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Innformation hastily memorized; as. a <i>cram</i> from an examination.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A warp having more than two threads passing through each dent or split of the reed.</def>

<h1>Crambe</h1>
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<hw>Cram"be</hw> <tt>(-b?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cramp</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, difficult.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A game in which one person gives a word, to which another finds a rhyme.</def>

<blockquote>I saw in one corner . . . a cluster of men and women,diverting themselves with a game at <b>crambo</b>. I heard several double rhymes . . . which raised a great deal of mirth.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A werd rhyming with another word.</def>

<blockquote>His similes in order set
And every <b>crambo</b> he could get.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Dumb crambo</col>, <cd>a game in which one party of players give a word which rhymes with another, which last to be guessed by the opposing party, who represent in dumb show what they think it to be.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crammer</h1>
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<hw>Cram"mer</hw> <tt>(kr?m"m?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who crams; esp., one who prepares a pupil hastily for an exxamination, or a pupil who is thus prepared.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Cramoisie Cramoisy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cra*moi"sie</hw> <hw>Cra*moi"sy</hw><hw> <tt>(kr?-moi"z?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>cramoisi</ets> crimson. See <er>Crimson</er>.]</ety> <def>Crimson.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A splendid seignior, magnificent in <b>cramoisy</b> velevet.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cramp</h1>
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<hw>Cramp</hw> <tt>(kr?mp)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.  <ets>crampe</ets>, <ets>craumpe</ets>; akin to D. & Sw. <ets>kramp</ets>, Dan. <ets>krampe</ets>, G. <ets>krampf</ets> (whence F. <ets>crampe</ets>), Icel. <ets>krappr</ets> strait, narrow, and to E. <ets>crimp</ets>, <ets>crumple</ets>; cf. <ets>cram</ets>. See <er>Grape</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which confines or contracts; a restraint; a shakle; a hindrance.</def>

<blockquote>A narrow fortune is a <b>cramp</b> to a great mind.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Crippling his pleasures with the <b>cramp</b> of fear.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>A device, usually of iron bent at the ends, used to hold together blocks of stone, timbers, etc.; a cramp iron.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A rectangular frame, with a tightening screw, used for compressing the jionts of framework, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A piece of wood having a curve corresponding to that of the upper part of the instep, on which the upper leather of a boot is stretched to give it the requisite shape.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A spasmodic and painful involuntary contraction of a muscle or muscles, as of the leg.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>cramp</b>, divers nights, gripeth him in his legs.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Cramp bone</col>, <cd>the patella of a sheep; -- formerly used as a charm for the cramp. <i>Halliwell</i>. "He could turn <i>cramp bones</i> into chess men." <i>Dickens</i>.</cd> -- <col>Cramp ring</col>, <cd>a ring formerly supposed to have virtue in averting or curing cramp, as having been consecrated by one of the kings of England on Good Friday.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cramp</h1>
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<hw>Cramp</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cramped</er> (kr<?/mt; 215); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cramping</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To compress; to restrain from free action; to confine and contract; to hinder.</def>

<blockquote>The mind my be as much <b>cramped</b> by too much knowledge as by ignorance.
<i>Layard.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fasten or hold with, or as with, a cramp.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, to bind together; to unite.</def>

<blockquote>The . . . fabric of universal justic is well <b>cramped</b> and bolted together in all its parts.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To form on a cramp; <as>as, to <ex>cramp</ex> boot legs</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To afflict with cramp.</def>

<blockquote>When the gout <b>cramps</b> my joints.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To cramp the wheels of wagon</col>, <cd>to turn the front wheels out of line with the hind wheels, so that one of them shall be against the body of the wagon.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cramp</h1>
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<hw>Cramp</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cramp</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> Knotty; difficult. <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Care being taken not to add any of the <b>cramp</b> reasons for this opinion.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crampet</h1>
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<hw>Cram"pet</hw> <tt>(kr?m"p?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cramp</er>,<tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A cramp iron or cramp ring; a chape, as of a scabbard.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>crampit</asp> and <asp>crampette</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Crampfish</h1>
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<hw>Cramp"fish`</hw> <tt>(kr?mp"f?sh`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The torpedo, or electric ray, the touch of which gives an electric shock. See <er>Electric fish</er>, and <er>Torpedo</er>.</def>

<h1>Cramp iron</h1>
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<hw>Cramp" i`ron</hw> <tt>(?`rn)</tt>. <def>See <er>Cramp</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Crampit</h1>
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<hw>Cram"pit</hw> <tt>(kr?m"p?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>See <er>Crampet</er>.</def>

<h1>Crampon</h1>
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<hw>Cram"pon</hw> <tt>(kr?m"p?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Crampoons</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An a<?/rial rootlet for support in climbing, as of ivy.</def>

<h1>Cramponee</h1>
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<hw>Cram`po*nee"</hw> <tt>(kr?m`p?-n?")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>cramponn<?/</ets>. See <er>Crampoons</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having a cramp or square piece at the end; -- said of a cross so furnished.</def>

<h1>Crampoons</h1>
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<hw>Cram*poons"</hw> <tt>(kr?m-p??nz")</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>crampon</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>chramph</ets> crooked; akin to G. <ets>krampf</ets> cramp. See <er>Cramp</er>,<tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Crampon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A clutch formed of hooked pieces of iron, like double calipers, for raising stones, lumber, blocks of ice, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Iron insruments with sharp points, worn on the shoes to assist in gaining or keeping a foothold.</def>

<h1>Crampy</h1>
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<hw>Cramp"y</hw> <tt>(kr?mp"?)</tt>, <p><b>1.</b> <def>Affected with cramp.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Productive of, or abounding in, cramps.</def> "This <i>crampy</i> country."

<i>Howitt.</i>

<h1>Cran krn, Crane</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cran</hw> <tt>(kr?n)</tt>, <hw>Crane</hw> <tt>(kr?n)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot., fr. Gael. <ets>crann</ets>.]</ety> <def>A measure for fresh herrings, -- as many as will fill a barrel.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>H. Miller.</i>

<h1>Cranage</h1>
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<hw>Cran"age</hw> <tt>(kr?n"?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Crane</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The liberty of using a crane, as for loading and unloading vessels.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The money or price paid for the use of a crane.</def>

<h1>Cranberry</h1>
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<hw>Cran"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(kr?n"b?r-r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cranberries</plw> (-r<?/z).</plu> <ety>[So named from its fruit being ripe in the spring when the <ets>cranes</ets> return. <i>Dr. Prior</i>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A red, acid berry, much used for making sauce, etc.; also, the plant producing it (several species of <spn>Vaccinum</spn> or <spn>Oxycoccus</spn>.) The <i>high cranberry</i> or <i>cranberry tree</i> is a species of <spn>Viburnum</spn> (<spn>V. Opulus</spn>), and the other is sometimes called <i>low cranberry</i> or <i>marsh cranberry</i> to distinguish it.</def>

<h1>Cranch</h1>
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<hw>Cranch</hw> <tt>(kr?nch)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Craunch</er>.</def>

<h1>Crane</h1>
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<hw>Crane</hw> <tt>(kr?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cran</ets>; akin to D. & LG. <ets>craan</ets>, G.  <ets>kranich</ets>, <ets>krahn</ets> (this in sense 2), Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, L. <ets>grus</ets>, W. & Armor. <ets>garan</ets>, OSlav. <ets>zerav<?/</ets>, Lith. <ets>gerve</ets>, Icel.  <ets>trani</ets>, Sw. <ets>trana</ets>, Dan. <ets>trane</ets>. <?/24. Cf. <er>Geranium</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wading bird of the genus <spn>Grus</spn>, and allied genera, of various species, having a long, straight bill, and long legs and neck.</def>

<note>&hand; The common European crane is <spn>Grus cinerea</spn>. The sand-hill crane (<spn>G. Mexicana</spn>) and the whooping crane (<spn>G. Americana</spn>) are large American species. The Balearic or crowned crane is <spn>Balearica pavonina</spn>. The name is sometimes erroneously applied to the herons and cormorants.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A machine for raising and lowering heavy weights, and, while holding them suspended, transporting them through a limited lateral distance. In one form it consists of a projecting arm or jib of timber or iron, a rotating post or base, and the necessary tackle, windlass, etc.; -- so called from a fancied similarity between its arm and the neck of a crane See <i>Illust</i>. Of <er>Derrick</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An iron arm with horizontal motion, attached to the side or back of a fireplace, for supporting kettles, etc., over a fire.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A siphon, or bent pipe, for drawing liquors out of a cask.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A forked post or projecting bracket to support spars, etc., -- generally used in pairs. See <er>Crotch</er>, 2.</def>

<cs><col>Crane fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a dipterous insect with long legs, of the genus <spn>Tipula</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Derrick crane</col>. <cd>See <er>Derrick</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gigantic crane</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Adjutant</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Traveling crane</col>, <col>Traveler crane</col>, <col>Traversing crane</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a crane mounted on wheels; esp., an overhead crane consisting of a crab or other hoisting apparatus traveling on rails or beams fixed overhead, as in a machine shop or foundry.</cd> -- <col>Water crane</col>, <cd>a kind of hydrant with a long swinging spout, for filling locomotive tenders, water carts, etc., with water.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crane</h1>
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<hw>Crane</hw> <tt>(kr?n)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Craned</er> <tt>(kr?nd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Craning</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to rise; to raise or lift, as by a crane; -- with <i>up</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>What engines, what instruments are used in <b>craning</b> up a soul, sunk below the center, to the highest heavens.
<i>Bates.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An upstart <b>craned</b> up to the height he has.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stretch, as a crane stretches its neck; <as>as, to <ex>crane</ex> the neck disdainfully</as>.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>crane</h1>
<Xpage=339>

<hw>crane</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>to reach forward with head and neck, in order to see better; <as>as, a hunter <ex>cranes</ex> forward before taking a leap</as>.</def>

<i>Beaconsfield. Thackeray.</i>

<blockquote>The passengers eagerly <b>craning</b> forward over the bulwarks.
<i>Howells.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crane's-bill</h1>
<Xpage=339>

<hw>Crane's"-bill`</hw> <tt>(kr?nz"b?l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The geranium; -- so named from the long axis of the fruit, which resembles the beak of a crane.</def>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A pair of long-beaked forceps.</def>

<h1>Crang</h1>
<Xpage=339>

<hw>Crang</hw> <tt>(kr?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Krang</er>.</def>

<h1>Crania</h1>
<Xpage=339>

<hw>Cra"ni*a</hw> <tt>(kr?"n?-?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of living Brachiopoda; -- so called from its fancied resemblance to the cranium or skull.</def>

<h1>Cranial</h1>
<Xpage=339>

<hw>Cra"ni*al</hw> <tt>(kr?"n?-a]/>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the cranium.</def>

<h1>Cranioclasm</h1>
<Xpage=339>

<hw>Cra"ni*o*clasm</hw> <tt>(kr?"n?-?-kl?z'm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cranium</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to break.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The crushing of a child's head, as with the cranioclast or craniotomy forceps in cases of very difficult delivery.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Cranioclast</h1>
<Xpage=339>

<hw>Cra"ni*o*clast</hw> <tt>(-kl?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument for crushing the head of a fetus, to facilitate delivery in difficult eases.</def>

<h1>Craniofacial</h1>
<Xpage=339>

<hw>Cra`ni*o*fa"cial</hw> <tt>(-f?"sh<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the cranium and face; <as>as, the <ex>craniofacial</ex> angle</as>.</def>

<h1>Craniognomy</h1>
<Xpage=339>

<hw>Cra`ni*og"no*my</hw> <tt>(-?g"n?-m?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cranium</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/. to know.]</ety> <def>The science of the form and characteristics of the skull.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Craniological</h1>
<Xpage=339>

<hw>Cra`ni*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(-?-l?j"?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to craniology.</def>

<h1>Craniologist</h1>
<Xpage=339>

<hw>Cra`ni*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(-?l"?-j?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One proficient in craniology; a phrenologist.</def>

<h1>Craniology</h1>
<Xpage=339>

<hw>Cra`ni*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(-j?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cranium</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The department of science (as of ethnology or arch\'91ology) which deals with the shape, size, proportions, indications, etc., of skulls; the study of skulls.</def>

<h1>Craniometer</h1>
<Xpage=339>

<hw>Cra`ni*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(kr?`n?-?m"?-t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cranium</ets>  +  <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the size of skulls.</def>

<h1>Craniometric --mtrk, Craniometrical</h1>
<Xpage=339>

<hw><hw>Cra`ni*o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(-?-m?t"r?k)</tt>, <hw>Cra`ni*o*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(-r?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to craniometry.</def>

<h1>Craniometry</h1>
<Xpage=339>

<hw>Cra`ni*om"e*try</hw> <tt>(kr?`n?-?m"?-tr?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or act of measuring skulls.</def>

<h1>Cranioscopist</h1>
<Xpage=339>

<hw>Cra`ni*os"co*pist</hw> <tt>(kr?`n?-?s"k?-p?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in, or who practices, cranioscopy.</def>

<blockquote>It was found of equal dimension in a literary man whose skull puzzied the <b>cranioscopists</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cranioscopy</h1>
<Xpage=339>

<hw>Cra`ni*os"co*py</hw> <tt>(-p?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cranium</ets> +  <ets>-scopy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Scientific examination of the cranium.</def>

<h1>Craniota</h1>
<Xpage=339>

<hw>Cra`ni*o"ta</hw> <tt>(kr?`n?-?t?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr.  <ets>cranium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A comprehensive division of the Vertebrata, including all those that have a skull.</def>

<h1>Craniotomy</h1>
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<hw>Cra`ni*ot"o*my</hw> <tt>(kr?`n?-?t"?-m?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cranium</ets>  + Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to cut off.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The operation of opening the fetal head, in order to effect delivery.</def>

<h1>Cranium</h1>
<Xpage=339>

<hw>Cra"ni*um</hw> <tt>(kr?"n?-?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.  E.  <plw>Craniums</plw> (-<?/mz), L. <plw>Crania</plw> <tt>(-<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/; akin to <?/<?/<?/ head.]</ety> <def>The skull of an animal; especially, that part of the skull, either cartilaginous or bony, which immediately incloses the brain; the brain case or brainpan. See <er>Skull</er>.</def>

<h1>Crank</h1>
<Xpage=339>

<hw>Crank</hw> <tt>(kr?nk)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cranke</ets>; akin to E.  <ets>cringe</ets>, <ets>cringle</ets>, <ets>crinkle</ets>, and to <ets>crank</ets>, <ets>a.</ets>, the root meaning, probably, "to turn, twist." See <er>Cringe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A bent portion of an axle, or shaft, or an arm keyed at right angles to the end of a shaft, by which motion is imparted to or received from it; also used to change circular into reciprocating motion, or reciprocating into circular motion. See <er>Bell crank</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any bend, turn, or winding, as of a passage.</def>

<blockquote>So many turning <b>cranks</b> these have, so many crooks.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="340">
Page 340<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A twist or turn in speech; a conceit consisting in a change of the form or meaning of a word.</def>

<blockquote>Quips, and <b>cranks</b>, and wanton wiles.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A twist or turn of the mind; caprice; whim; crotchet; also, a fit of temper or passion.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>Violent of temper; subject to sudden <b>cranks</b>.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A person full of crotchets; one given to fantastic or impracticable projects; one whose judgment is perverted in respect to a particular matter.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A sick person; an invalid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou art a counterfeit <b>crank</b>, a cheater.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Crank axle</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a driving axle formed with a crank or cranks, as in some kinds of locomotives.</cd> -- <col>Crank pin</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>the cylindrical piece which forms the handle, or to which the connecting rod is attached, at the end of a crank, or between the arms of a double crank.</cd> -- <col>Crank shaft</col>, <cd>a shaft bent into a crank, or having a crank fastened to it, by which it drives or is driven.</cd> -- <col>Crank wheel</col>, <cd>a wheel acting as a crank, or having a wrist to which a connecting rod is attached.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crank</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crank</hw> <tt>(kr?nk)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS.  <ets>cranc</ets> weak; akin to Icel.  <ets>krangr</ets>, D. & G.  <ets>krank</ets> sick, weak (cf.D. <ets>krengen</ets> to careen). Cf.  <er>Crank</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sick; infirm.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Liable to careen or be overest, as a ship when she is too narrow, or has not sufficient ballast, or is loaded too high, to carry full sail.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Full of spirit; brisk; lively; sprightly; overconfident; opinionated.</def>

<blockquote>He who was, a little before, bedrid, . . . was now <b>crank</b> and lusty.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If you strong electioners did not think you were among the elect, you would not be so <b>crank</b> about it.
<i>Mrs. Stowe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crank</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crank</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Crank</er>, <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety> <def>To run with a winding course; to double; to crook; to wind and turn.</def>

<blockquote>See how this river comes me <b>cranking</b> in.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crankbird</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crank"bird`</hw> <tt>(-b?rd`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European woodpecker (<spn>Picus minor</spn>).</def>

<h1>Cranked</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cranked</hw> <tt>(kr?nkt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed with, or having, a bend or crank; <as>as, a <ex>cranked</ex> axle</as>.</def>

<h1>Crankiness</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crank"i*ness</hw> <tt>(kr?nk"?-n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Crankness.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Crankle</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cran"kle</hw> <tt>(kr?n"k'l)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Crinkle</er>.]</ety> <def>To break into bends, turns, or angles; to crinkle.</def>

<blockquote>Old Veg's stream . . . drew her humid train aslope,
<b>Crankling</b> her banks.
<i>J. Philips.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crankle</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cran"kle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To bend, turn, or wind.</def>

<blockquote>Along the <b>crankling</b> path.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crankle</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cran"kle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bend or turn; a twist; a crinkle.</def>

<h1>Crankness</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crank"ness</hw> <tt>(kr?nk"n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Liability to be overset; -- said of a ship or other vessel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sprightliness; vigor; health.</def>

<h1>Cranky</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crank"y</hw> <tt>(-?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of spirit; crank.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Addicted to crotchets and whims; unreasonable in opinions; crotchety.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Unsteady; easy to upset; crank.</def>

<h1>Crannied</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cran"nied</hw> <tt>(kr?n"n?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having crannies, chinks, or fissures; <as>as, a <ex>crannied</ex> wall</as>.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Crannog krnng, Crannoge</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw><hw>Cran"nog</hw> <tt>(kr?n"n?g)</tt>, <hw>Cran"noge</hw> <tt>(kr?n"n?j)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Celtic; cf. Gael. <ets>crann</ets> a tree.]</ety> <def>One of the stockaded islands in Scotland and Ireland which in ancient times were numerous in the lakes of both countries. They may be regarded as the very latest class of prehistoric strongholds, reaching their greatest development in early historic times, and surviving through the Middle Ages. See also <i>Lake dwellings</i>, under <er>Lake</er>.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Cranny</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cran"ny</hw> <tt>(kr?n"n?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Crannies</plw> <tt>(-n<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>cran</ets> notch, prob. from L. <ets>crena</ets> (a doubful word).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small, narrow opening, fissure, crevice, or chink, as  in a wall, or other substance.</def>

<blockquote>In a firm building, the cavities ought not to be filled with rubbish, but with brick or stone fitted to the <b>crannies</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He peeped into every <b>cranny</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Glass Making)</fld> <def>A tool for forming the necks of bottles, etc.</def>

<h1>Cranny</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cran"ny</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Crannied</er> <tt>(-n?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crannying</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To crack into, or become full of, crannies.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The ground did <b>cranny</b> everywhere.
<i>Golding.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To haunt, or enter by, crannies.</def>

<blockquote>All tenantless, save to the <b>cranning</b> wind.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cranny</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cran"ny</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Perh. for <ets>cranky</ets>. See <er>Crank</er>, <tt>a.</tt> ]</ety> <def>Quick; giddy; thoughtless.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Crantara</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cran*ta"ra</hw> <tt>(kr?n-t?"r? &or; -t?"r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>cranntara</ets>.]</ety> <def>The fiery cross, used as a rallying signal in the Highlands of Scotland.</def>

<h1>Crants</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crants</hw> <tt>(kr?nts)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D.  <ets>krans</ets>, G.  <ets>kranz</ets>.]</ety> <def>A garland carried before the bier of a maiden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Yet here she is allowed her virgin <b>crants</b>,
Her maaiden strewments.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crapaudine</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crap"au*dine</hw> <tt>(kr?p"?-d?n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Turning on pivots at the top and bottom; -- said of a door.</def>

<h1>Crapaudine</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crap"au*dine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An ulcer on the coronet of a horse.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Crape</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crape</hw> <tt>(kr?p)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>cr<?/pe</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>crispus</ets> curled, crisped. See <er>Crisp</er>.]</ety> <def>A thin, crimped stuff, made of raw silk gummed and twisted on the mill. Black crape is much used for mourning garments, also for the dress of some clergymen.</def>

<blockquote>A saint in <b>crape</b> is twice a saint in lawn.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Crape myrtle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a very ornamental shrub (<spn>Lagerstr\'94mia Indica</spn>) from the East Indies, often planted in the Southern United States. Its foliage is like that of the myrtle, and the flower has wavy crisped petals.</cd> -- <col>Oriental crape</col>. <cd>See <er>Canton crape</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crape</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crape</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Craped</er> <tt>(kr?pt)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Craping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>cr<?/per</ets>, fr. L. <ets>crispare</ets> to curl, crisp, fr. <ets>crispus</ets>. See <er>Crape</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To form into ringlets; to curl; to crimp; to friz; <as>as, to <ex>crape</ex> the hair; to <ex>crape</ex> silk.</as></def>

<blockquote>The hour for curling and <b>craping</b> the hair.
<i>Mad. D'Arblay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crapefish</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crape"fish`</hw> <tt>(kr?p"f?sh`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Salted codfish hardened by pressure.</def>

<i>Kane.</i>

<h1>Crapnel</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crap"nel</hw> <tt>(kr?p"n<it>e</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hook or drag; a grapnel.</def>

<h1>Crappie</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crap"pie</hw> <tt>(kr?p"p?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of fresh-water bass of the genus <spn>Pomoxys</spn>, found in the rivers of the Southern United States and Mississippi valley. There are several species.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>croppie</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Crapple</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crap"ple</hw> <tt>(kr?p"p'l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Graple</er>.]</ety> <def>A claw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Craps</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Craps</hw> <tt>(kr?ps)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gambling game with dice.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Crapula krp-l, Crapule</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw><hw>Crap"u*la</hw> <tt>(kr?p"?-l?)</tt>, <hw>Crap"ule</hw> <tt>(kr?p"?l)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>crapula</ets> intoxication.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Crapulence</er>.</def>

<h1>Crapulence</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crap"u*lence</hw> <tt>(-?-l<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The sickness occasioned by intemperance; surfeit.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Crapulent -l<it>e</it>nt, Crapulous</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw><hw>Crap"u*lent</hw> <tt>(-l<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <hw>Crap"u*lous</hw> <tt>(-l?s)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>crapulentus</ets>, <ets>crapulosus</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>crapuleux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Surcharged with liquor; sick from excessive indulgence in liquor; drunk; given to excesses.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Crapy</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crap"y</hw> <tt>(kr?p"?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling crape.</def>

<h1>Crare</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crare</hw> <tt>(kr?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>craier</ets>, <ets>creer</ets>, <ets>croyer</ets>, ship of war, LL. <ets>craiera</ets>, <ets>creyera</ets>, perh. from G. <ets>krieger</ets> warrior, or D. <ets>krijger</ets>.]</ety> <def>A slow unwieldy trading vessel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>crayer</asp>, <asp>cray</asp>, and <asp>craie</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Crase</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crase</hw> <tt>(kr?z)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Craze</er>.]</ety> <def>To break in pieces; to crack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The pot was <i>crased</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Crash</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crash</hw> <tt>(kr<?/sh>)</tt>, <tt>v. t. </tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Crashed</er> <tt>(kr<?/sht)</tt>; <tt>p. pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>crashen</ets>, the same word as <ets>crasen</ets> to break, E.  <ets>craze</ets>. See <er>Craze</er>.]</ety> <def>To break in pieces violently; to dash together with noise and violence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He shakt his head, and <b>crasht</b> his teeth for ire.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crash</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crash</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a loud, clattering sound, as of many things falling and breaking at once; to break in pieces with a harsh noise.</def>

<blockquote>Roofs were blazing and walls <b>crashing</b> in every part of the city.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To break with violence and noise; <as>as, the chimney in falling <ex>crashed</ex> through the roof</as>.</def>

<h1>Crash</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crash</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A loud, sudden, confused sound, as of manu things falling and breaking at once.</def>

<blockquote>The wreck of matter and the <b>crash</b> of worlds.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ruin; failure; sudden breaking down, as of a business house or a commercial enterprise.</def>

<h1>Crash</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crash</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>crassus</ets> coarse. See <er>Crass</er>.]</ety> <def>Coarse, heavy, narrow linen cloth, used esp. for towels.</def>

<h1>Crashing</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crash"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The noise of many things falling and breaking at once.</def>

<blockquote>There shall be . . . a great <b>crashing</b> from the hills.
<i>Zeph. i. 10.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crasis</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cra"sis</hw> <tt>(kr?"s?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., temperament, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to mix.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A mixture of constituents, as of the blood; constitution; temperament.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A contraction of two vowels (as the final and initial vowels of united words) into one long vowel, or into a dipthong; syn\'91resis; <as>as, <ex>cogo</ex> for <ex>coago</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Craspedota</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cras`pe*do"ta</hw> <tt>(kr?s`p?-d?"t?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to be bordered or edged.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hydroid or naked-eyed medus\'91. See <er>Hydroidea</er>.</def>

<h1>Craspedote</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cras"pe*dote</hw> <tt>(kr?s"p?-d?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Craspedota.</def>

<h1>Crass</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crass</hw> <tt>(kr?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>crassus</ets> thick, fat, gross, prob. orig., closely woven See <er>Crease</er> animal fat, and cf. <er>Crate</er>, <er>Hurdle</er>.]</ety> <def>Cross; thick; dense; coarse; not elaborated or refined. "<i>Crass</i> and fumid exhalations." <i>Sir</i>. <i>T</i>. <i>Browne</i>. "<i>Crass</i> ignorance" <i>Cudworth</i>.</def>

<h1>Crassament krss-m<it>e</it>nt, Crassamentum</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw><hw>Cras"sa*ment</hw> <tt>(kr?s"s?-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <hw>Cras`sa*men"tum</hw> <tt>(-m?n"t?m)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt>  <ety>[L. <ets>crassamentum</ets>, fr.  <ets>crassare</ets> to make thick. See <er>Crass</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A semisolid mass or clot, especially that formed in coagulation of the blood.</def>

<h1>Crassiment</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cras"si*ment</hw> <tt>(kr?s"s?-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Crassament</er>.</def>

<h1>Crassitude</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cras"si*tude</hw> <tt>(-t?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>crassitudo</ets>.]</ety> <def>Crossness; coarseness; thickness; density.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Crassness</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crass"ness</hw> <tt>(kr?s"n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Grossness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Crastination</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cras`ti*na"tion</hw> <tt>(kr?s`t?-n?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>crastinus</ets> of to-morrow, from <ets>cras</ets> to-morrow.]</ety> <def>Procrastination; a putting off till to-morrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Crat\'91gus</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cra*t\'91"gus</hw> <tt>(kr?-t?"g?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of small, hardy trees, including the hawthorn, much used for ornamental purposes.</def>

<h1>Cratch</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cratch</hw> <tt>(kr?ch; 224)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>crache</ets>, <ets>creche</ets>, F. <ets>cr<?/che</ets> crib, manger, fr. OHG. <ets>krippa</ets>, <ets>krippea</ets>,G. <ets>krippe</ets> crib. See <er>Crib</er>.]</ety> <def>A manger or open frame for hay; a crib; a rack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Begin from first where He encradled was,
In simple <b>cratch</b>, wrapt in a wad of hay.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Cratch cradle</col>, <cd>a representation of the figure of the cratch, made upon the fingers with a string; cat's cradle; -- called also <altname>scratch cradle</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crate</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crate</hw> <tt>(kr?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cratis</ets> hurdle; perh. akin to E.  <ets>cradle</ets>.  See <er>Hurdle</er>, and cf. <er>Crate</er> a framework.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large basket or hamper of wickerwork, used for the transportation of china, crockery, and similar wares.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A box or case whose sides are of wooden slats with interspaces, -- used especially for transporting fruit.</def>

<h1>Crate</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To pack in a crate or case for transportation; <as>as, to <ex>crate</ex> a sewing machine; to <ex>crate</ex> peaches.</as></def>

<h1>Crater</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cra"ter</hw> <tt>(kr?t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>crater</ets>, <ets>cratera</ets>, a mixing vessel, the mouth of a volcano, Gr. <?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/ to mix; cf. Skr. <?/<?/ to mix, <?/<ets>ir</ets> to cook, <?/r<?/ to cook. Cf. <er>Crail</er>, in Holy <ets>Grail</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The basinlike opening or mouth of a volcano, through which the chief eruption comes; similarly, the mouth of a gevser, about which a cone of silica is often built up.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The pit left by the explosion of a mine.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A constellation of the southen hemisphere; -- called also the <altname>Cup</altname>.</def>

<h1>Crateriform</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cra*ter"i*form</hw> <tt>(kr?-t?r"?-f?rm)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cratera</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a shallow bowl; -- said of a corolla.</def>

<h1>CRaterous</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>CRa"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(kr?"t?r-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a crater.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>R. Browning.</i>

<h1>Craunch</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Craunch</hw> <tt>(kr?nch)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Craunched</er> <tt>(kr?ncht)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Craunching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Crunch</er>.]</ety> <def>To crush with the teeth; to chew with violence and noise; to crunch.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Cravat</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cra*vat"</hw> <tt>(kr?-v?t")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cravate</ets>, fr. <ets>Cravate</ets> a Croat, an inhabitant of Croatia, one of a body of Austrian troops, from whom, in 1636, this article of dress was adopted in France.]</ety> <def>A neckcloth; a piece of silk, fine muslin, or other cloth, worn by men about the neck.</def>

<blockquote>While his wig was combed and his <b>cravat</b> tied.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cravatted</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cra*vat`ted</hw> <tt>(kr?-v?t"t?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing a cravat.</def>

<blockquote>The young men faultlessly appointed, handsomely <b>cravatted</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crave</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crave</hw> <tt>(kr?v)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Craved</er> <tt>(kr<?/vd)</tt>; <tt>p pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Craving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>crafian</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>krefia</ets>, Sw. <ets>kr<?/fva</ets>, Dan.  <ets>kr<?/ve</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ask with earnestness or importunity; to ask with submission or humility; to beg; to entreat; to beseech; to implore.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>crave</b> your honor's pardon.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Joseph . . . went in boldly unto Pilate, and <b>craved</b> the body of Jesus.
<i>Mark xv. 43.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To call for, as a gratification; to long for; hence, to require or demand; <as>as, the stomach <ex>craves</ex> food</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His path is one that eminently <b>craves</b> weary walking.
<i>Edmund Gurney.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To ask; seek; beg; beseech; implore; entreat; solicit; request; supplicate; adjure.</syn>

<h1>Crave</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crave</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To desire strongly; to feel an insatiable longing; <as>as, a <ex>craving</ex> appetite</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Once one may <b>crave</b> for love.
<i>Suckling.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Craven</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cra"ven</hw> <tt>(kr?"v'n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE.  <ets>cravant</ets>, <ets>cravaunde</ets>, OF. <ets>cravant<?/</ets> struck down, p. p. of <ets>cravanter</ets>, <ets>crevanter</ets>, to break, crush, strike down, fr. an assumed LL.  <ets>crepantare</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>crepans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>crepare</ets> to break, crack, rattle. Cf. <er>Crevice</er>, <er>Crepitate</er>.]</ety> <def>Cowardly; fainthearted; spiritless.</def> "His <i>craven</i> heart."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The poor <b>craven</b> bridegroom said never a word.
<i>Sir. W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In <b>craven</b> fear of the sarcasm of Dorset.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Craven</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cra"ven</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formerly written also <ets>cravant</ets> and <ets>cravent</ets>.]</ety> <def>A recreant; a coward; a weak-hearted, spiritless fellow. See <er>Recreant</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<blockquote><b>King Henry</b>. Is it fit this soldier keep his oath?
<b>Fluellen</b>.He is a <b>craven</b> and a villain else.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Coward; poltroon; dastard.</syn>

<h1>Craven</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Cra"ven</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cravened</er> <tt>(-v'nd)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cravening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make recreant, weak, spiritless, or cowardly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There is a prohibition so divine,
That <b>cravens</b> my weak hand.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Craver</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crav"er</hw> <tt>(kr?v"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who craves or begs.</def>

<h1>Craving</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crav"ing</hw> <tt>(-?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Vehement or urgent desire; longing for; beseeching.</def>

<blockquote>A succession of <b>cravings</b> and satiety.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Crav"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Crav"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Craw</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Craw</hw> <tt>(kr?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to D.  <ets>kraag</ets> neck, collar, G.  <ets>kragen</ets>, Sw.  <ets>kr<?/fva</ets> craw, Dan.  <ets>kro</ets>, and possibly to Gr.<?/<?/<?/<?/ (E. <ets>bronchus</ets>), or <?/<?/<?/ throat. <?/25. Cf.<er>Crag</er> neck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The crop of a bird.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The stomach of an animal.</def>

<h1>Crawfish krfsh, Crayfish</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw><hw>Craw"fish`</hw> <tt>(kr?"f?sh`)</tt>, <hw>Cray"fish`</hw> <tt>(kr?"f?sh`)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-fishes</plw> or <plw>-fish</plw>.</plu> <ety>[Corrupted fr. OE.  <ets>crevis</ets>, <ets>creves</ets>, OF.  <ets>crevice</ets>, F.  <ets><?/crevisse</ets>, fr. OHG.  <ets>krebiz</ets> crab, G.  <ets>krebs</ets>. See <er>Crab</er>. The ending <ets>-fish</ets> arose from confusion with E. <ets>fish</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any crustacean of the family <spn>Astacid\'91</spn>, resembling the lobster, but smaller, and found in fresh waters. Crawfishes are esteemed very delicate food both in Europe and America. The North American species are numerous and mostly belong to the genus <spn>Cambarus</spn>. The blind crawfish of the Mamoth Cave is <spn>Cambarus pellucidus</spn>. The common European species is <spn>Astacus fluviatilis</spn>.</def>

<h1>Crawford</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Craw"ford</hw> <tt>(kr?"f?rd)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Crawford peach; a well-known freestone peach, wich yellow flesh, first raised by Mr. William <i>Crawford</i>, of New Jersey.</def>

<h1>Crawl</h1>
<Xpage=340>

<hw>Crawl</hw> <tt>(kr?l)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crawled</er> <tt>(kr?ld)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crawling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Dan.  <ets>kravle</ets>, or Icel. <ets>krafla</ets>, to paw, scrabble with the hands; akin to Sw. <ets>kr<?/la</ets> to crawl; cf. LG.  <ets>krabbeln</ets>, D.  <ets>krabbelen</ets> to scratch.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move slowly by drawing the body along the ground, as a worm; to move slowly on hands and kness; to creep.</def>

<blockquote>A worm finds what it searches after only by feeling, as it <b>crawls</b> from one thing to another.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to move or advance in a feeble, slow, or timorous manner.</def>

<blockquote>He was hardly able to <b>crawl</b> about the room.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The meanest thing that <b>crawl'd</b> beneath my eyes.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="341">
Page 341<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To advance slowly and furtively; to insinuate one's self; to advance or gain influence by servile or obsequious conduct.</def>

<blockquote>Secretly <b>crawling</b> up the battered walls.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hath <b>crawled</b> into the favor of the king.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Absurd opinions <b>crawl</b> about the world.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To have a sensation as of insect creeping over the body; <as>as, the flesh <ex>crawls</ex></as>. <i>See</i> <er>Creep</er>, <i>v. i.</i> ,7.</def>

<h1>Crawl</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Crawl</hw> <tt>(kr?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or motion of crawling;<?/low motion, as of a creeping animal.</def>

<h1>Crawl</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Crawl</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Kraal</er>.]</ety> <def>A pen or inclosure of stakes and hurdles on the seacoast, for holding fish.</def>

<h1>Crawler</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Crawl"er</hw> <tt>(kr?l"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, crawls; a creeper; a reptile.</def>

<h1>Crawly</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Crawl"y</hw> <tt>(kr?l"?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Creepy.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Cray kr, Crayer</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw><hw>Cray</hw> <tt>(kr?)</tt>, <hw>Cray"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Crare</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Crayfish</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cray"fish</hw> <tt>(kr?"f?sh)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Crawfish</er>.</def>

<h1>Crayon</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cray"on</hw> <tt>(kr?"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a crayon, a lead pencil (<ets>crayon Cont\'82</ets> Cont\'82's pencil, <it>i. e.</it>, one made a black compound invented by Cont\'82), fr. <ets>craie</ets> chalk, L.  <ets>creta</ets>; said to be, properly, Cretan earth, fr. <ets>Creta</ets> the island Crete. Cf. <er>Cretaceous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An implement for drawing, made of clay and plumbago, or of some preparation of chalk, usually sold in small prisms or cylinders</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Let no day pass over you . . . without giving some strokes of the pencil or the <b>crayon</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The black crayon gives a deeper black than the lead pencil. This and the colored crayons are often called <i>chalks</i>. The red crayon is also called <i>sanguine</i>. See <er>Chalk</er>, and <er>Sanguine</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A crayon drawing.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Electricity)</fld> <def>A pencil of carbon used in producing electric light.</def>

<cs><col>Crayon board</col>, <cd>cardboard with a surface prepared for crayon drawing.</cd> -- <col>Crayon drawing</col>, <cd>the act or art of drawing with crayons; a drawing made with crayons.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crayon</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cray"on</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crayoned</er> <tt>(-?nd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crayoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>crayonner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To sketch, as with a crayon; to sketch or plan.</def>

<blockquote>He soon afterwards composed that discourse, conformably to the plan which he had <b>crayoned</b> out.
<i>Malone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Craze</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Craze</hw> <tt>(kr?z)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crazed</er> <tt>(kr?zd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crazing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.  <ets>crasen</ets> to break, fr. Scand., perh. through OF.; cf. Sw.  <ets>krasa</ets> to crackle, <ets>sl<?/ i kras</ets>, to break to pieces, F. <ets><?/craser</ets> to crush, fr. the Scand. Cf. <er>Crash</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To break into pieces; to crush; to grind to powder. See <er>Crase</er>.</def>

<blockquote>God, looking forth, will trouble all his host,
And <b>craze</b> their chariot wheels.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To weaken; to impair; to render decrepit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Till length of years,
And sedentary numbness, <b>craze</b> my limbs.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To derange the intellect of; to render insane.</def>

<blockquote>Any man . . . that is <b>crazed</b> and out of his wits.
<i>Tilloston.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Grief hath <b>crazed</b> my wits.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Craze</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Craze</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be crazed, or to act or appear as <?/<?/e that is crazed; to rave; to become insane.</def>

<blockquote>She would weep and he would <b>craze</b>.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To crack, as the glazing of porcelain or pottery.</def>

<h1>Craze</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Craze</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Craziness; insanity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A strong habitual desire or fancy; a crotchet.</def>

<blockquote>It was quite a <b>craze</b> with him [Burns] to have his Jean dressed genteelly.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A temporary passion or infatuation, as for same new amusement, pursuit, or fashion; <as>as, the bric-a-brac <ex>craze</ex>; the \'91sthetic <ex>craze</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Various <b>crazes</b> concerning health and disease.
<i>W. Pater.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crazedness</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Craz"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(-?d-n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A broken state; decrepitude; an impaired state of the intellect.</def>

<h1>Craze-mill krzm\'b5l, Crazing-mill</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw><hw>Craze"-mill`</hw> <tt>(kr?z"m\'b5l`)</tt>, <hw>Craz"ing-mill`</hw> <tt>(kr?"z?ng-)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Craze</er>.]</ety> <def>A mill for grinding tin ore.</def>

<h1>Crazily</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cra"zi*ly</hw> <tt>(kr\'b5"z?-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a crazy manner.</def>

<h1>Craziness</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cra"zi*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being broken down or weakened; <as>as, the <ex>craziness</ex> of a ship, or of the limbs</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being broken in mind; imbecility or weakness of intellect; derangement.</def>

<h1>Crazy</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cra"zy</hw> <tt>(kr?"z?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Craze</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Characterized by weakness or feeblness; decrepit; broken; falling to decay; shaky; unsafe.</def>

<blockquote>Piles of mean and<b>crazy</b> houses.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>One of great riches, but a <b>crazy</b> constitution.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They . . . got a <b>crazy</b> boat to carry them to the island.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Broken, weakened, or dissordered in intellect; shattered; demented; deranged.</def>

<blockquote>Over moist and <b>crazy</b> brains.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Inordinately desirous; foolishly eager.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>The girls were <b>crazy</b> to be introduced to him.
<i>R. B. Kimball.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Crazy bone</col>, <cd>the bony projection at the end of the elbow (<i>olecranon</i>), behind which passes the ulnar nerve; -- so called on account of the curiously painful tingling felt, when, in a particular position, it receives a blow; -- called also <altname>funny bone</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Crazy quilt</col>, <cd>a bedquilt made of pieces of silk or other material of various sizes, shapes, and colors, fancifully stitched together without definite plan or arrangement.</cd></cs>

<h1>Creable</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cre"a*ble</hw> <tt>(kr?"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>creabilis</ets>, from <ets>creare</ets> to create. See <er>Create</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being created.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<h1>Creaght</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Creaght</hw> <tt>(kr?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. & Gael.  <ets>graidh</ets>, <ets>graigh</ets>.]</ety> <def>A drove or herd.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Haliwell.</i>

<h1>Greaght</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Greaght</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To graze.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir. L. Davies.</i>

<h1>Creak</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Creak</hw> <tt>(kr?k)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Creaked</er> <tt>(kr?kt)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Creaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.  <ets>creken</ets>, prob. of imitative origin; cf. E.  <ets>crack</ets>, <ets>and</ets>. D. <ets>kreiken</ets> to crackle, chirp.]</ety> <def>To make a prolonged sharp grating or ssqueaking sound, as by the friction of hard substances; <as>as, shoes <ex>creak</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>creaking</b> locusts with my voice conspire.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Doors upon their hinges <b>creaked</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Creak</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Creak</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To produce a creaking sound with.</def>

<blockquote><b>Creaking</b> my shoes on the plain masonry.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Creak</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Creak</hw> <tt>(kr?k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Thew sound produced by anuthing that creaks; a creaking.</def>

<i>Roget.</i>

<h1>CReaking</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>CReak"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A harsh grating or squeaking sound, or the act of making such a sound.</def>

<blockquote>Start not at the <b>creaking</b> of the door.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cream</h1>
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<hw>Cream</hw> <tt>(kr?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cr<?/me</ets>, perh. fr. LL. <ets>crema</ets> cteam of milk; cf. L. <ets>cremor</ets> thick juice or broth, perh. akin to <ets>cremare</ets> to burn.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The rich, oily, and yellowish part of milk, which, when the milk stands unagitated, rises, and collects on the surface. It is the part of milk from which butter is obtained.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The part of any liquor that rises, and collects on the surface.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A delicacy of several kinds prepared for the table from cream, etc., or so as to resemble cream.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A cosmetic; a creamlike medicinal preparation.</def>

<blockquote>In vain she tries her paste and <b>creams</b>,
To smooth her skin or hide its seams.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The best or choicest part of a thing; the quintessence; as. the <i>cream</i> of a jest or story; the <i>cream</i> of a collection of books or pictures.</def>

<blockquote>Welcome, O flower and <b>cream</b> of knights errant.
<i>Shelton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bavarian cream</col>, <cd>a preparation of gelatin, cream, sugar, and eggs, whipped; -- to be eaten cold.</cd> -- <col>Cold cream</col>, <cd>an ointment made of white wax, almond oil, rose water, and borax, and used as a salve for the hands and lips.</cd> -- <col>Cream cheese</col>, <cd>a kind of cheese made from curd from which the cream has not been taken off, or to which cream has been added.</cd> -- <col>Cream gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument to test milk, being usually a graduated glass tube in which the milk is placed for the cream to rise.</cd> -- <col>Cream nut</col>, <cd>the Brazil nut.</cd> -- <col>Cream of lime</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A scum of calcium carbonate which forms on a solution of milk of lime from the carbon dioxide of the air.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A thick creamy emulsion of lime in water.</cd> -- <col>Cream of tartar</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>purified tartar or argol; so called because of the crust of crystals which forms on the surface of the liquor in the process of purification by recrystallization. It is a white crystalline substance, with a gritty acid taste, and is used very largely as an ingredient of baking powders; -- called also <altname>potassium bitartrate</altname>, <altname>acid potassium tartrate</altname>, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cream</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cream</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Creamed</er> <tt>(kr?md)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Creaming</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To skim, or take off by skimming, as cream.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take off the best or choicest part of.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish with, or as with, cream.</def>

<blockquote><b>Creaming</b> the fragrant cups.
<i>Mrs. Whitney.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To cream butter</col> <fld>(Cooking)</fld>, <cd>to rub, stir, or beat, butter till it is of a light creamy consistency.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cream</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cream</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form or become covered with cream; to become thick like cream; to assume the appearance of cream; hence, to grow stiff or formal; to mantle.</def>

<blockquote>There are a sort of men whose visages
Do <b>cream</b> and mantle like a standing pool.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Creamcake</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cream"cake`</hw> <tt>(-k?k`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A kind of cake filled with custard made of cream, eggs, etc.</def>

<h1>Cream-colored</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cream"-col`ored</hw> <tt>(-k?l`?rd)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the color of cream; light yellow.</def> "<i>Cream-colored</i> horses."

<i>Hazlitt.</i>

<h1>Creamery</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cream"er*y</hw> <tt>(-?r-?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Creameries</plw> <tt>(-<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>cr<?/meric</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place where butter and cheese are made, or where milk and cream are put up in cans for market.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place or apparatus in which milk is set for raising cream.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An establishment where cream is sold.</def>

<h1>Cream-faced</h1>
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<hw>Cream"-faced`</hw> <tt>(kr?m"f?st`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>White or pale, as the effect of fear, or as the natural complexion.</def>

<blockquote>Thou <b>cream-faced</b> loon.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cream-fruit</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cream"-fruit`</hw> <tt>(kr?m"fr?t`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of Sierra Leone which yields a wholesome, creamy juice.</def>

<h1>Creaminess</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cream"i*ness</hw> <tt>(-?-n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being creamy.</def>

<h1>Cream laid</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cream" laid`</hw> <tt>(kr?m" l?d`)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Laid</er>.</def>

<h1>Cream-slice</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cream"-slice`</hw> <tt>(-sl?s`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wooden knife with a long thin blade, used in handling cream or ice cream.</def>

<h1>Cream-white</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cream"-white`</hw> <tt>(-hw?t`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>As white as cream.</def>

<h1>Creamy</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cream"y</hw> <tt>(kr?m"?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of, or containing, cream; resembling cream, in nature, appearance, or taste; creamlike; unctuous. "<i>Creamy</i> bowis." <i>Collins</i>. "Lines of <i>creamy</i> spray." <i>Tennyson</i>. "Your <i>creamy</i> words but cozen." <i>Beau</i> & <i>Fl</i>.</def>

<h1>Creance</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cre"ance</hw> <tt>(kr?"<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cr\'82ance</ets>, lit., credence, fr. L. <ets>credere</ets> to trust. See <er>Credence</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Faith; belief; creed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>A fine, small line, fastened to a hawk's leash, when it is first lured.</def>

<h1>Creance</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cre"ance</hw> <tt>(kr\'b5"<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To get on credit; to borrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Creant</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cre"ant</hw> <tt>(kr?"<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>creans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>creare</ets> to create.]</ety> <def>Creative; formative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Crease</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Crease</hw> <tt>(kr?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Creese</er>.</def>

<i>Tennison.</i>

<h1>Crease</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Crease</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LG. <ets>krus</ets>, G.  <ets>krause</ets>, crispness, <ets>krausen</ets>, <ets>kr<?/usen</ets>, to crisp, curl, lay on folds; or perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Armor.<ets>kriz</ets> a wrinkle, crease, <ets>kriza</ets> to wrinkle, fold, W. <ets>crych</ets> a wrinkle, <ets>crychu</ets> to rumple, ripple, crease.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A line or mark made by folding or doubling any pliable substance; hence, a similar mark, howewer produced.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>One of the lines serving to define the limits of the bowler and the striker.</def>

<cs><col>Bowling crease</col> <fld>(Cricket)</fld>, <cd>a line extending three feet four inches on each side of the central strings at right angles to the line between the wickets.</cd> -- <col>Return crease</col> <fld>(Cricket)</fld>, <cd>a short line at each end of the <i>bowling crease</i> and at right angles to it, extending toward the bowler.</cd> -- <col>Popping crease</col> <fld>(Cricket)</fld>,<cd>, a line drawn in front of the wicket, four feet distant from it, parallel to the <i>bowling crease</i> and at least as long as the latter.</cd></cs>

<i>J. H. Walsh (Encyc. of Rural Sports).</i>

<h1>Crease</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Crease</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Creased</er> <tt>(kr?st)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Creasing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a crease or mark in, as by folding or doubling.</def>

<blockquote><b>Creased</b>, like dog's ears in a folio.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Creaser</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Creas"er</hw> <tt>(kr?s"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tool, or a sewing-mashine attachment, for making lines or creases on leather or cloth, as guides to sew by.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tool for making creases or beads, as in sheet iron, or for rounding small tubes.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld> <def>A tool for making the band impression distinct on the back.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Creasing</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Creas"ing</hw> <tt>(kr?s"?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A layer of tiles forming a corona for a wall.</def>

<h1>Creasote</h1>
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<hw>Cre"a*sote</hw> <tt>(kr?"?-s?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Creosote</er>.</def>

<h1>Creasy</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Creas"y</hw> <tt>(kr?s"?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of creases.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Creat</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cre"at</hw> <tt>(kr?"?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cr<?/at</ets>, ultimateli fr. L. <ets>creatus</ets> created, begotten; cf. It.  <ets>creato</ets> pupil, servant, Sp.  <ets>criado</ets> a servant, client.]</ety> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>An usher to a riding master.</def>

<h1>Creatable</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cre*at"a*ble</hw> <tt>(kr?-?"t?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be created.</def>

<h1>Create</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cre*ate"</hw> <tt>(kr?-?t")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>creatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>creare</ets> to create; akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to accomplish, Skr. <ets>k<?/</ets> to make, and to E. ending <ets>-cracy</ets> in <ets>aristocracy</ets>, also to <ets>crescent</ets>, <ets>cereal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Created; composed; begotte.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Hearts <b>create</b> of duty and zeal.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Create</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cre*ate"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Created</er>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Creating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring into being; to form out of nothing; to cause to exist.</def>

<blockquote>In the beginning, God <b>created</b> the heaven and the earth.
<i>Gen. i. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To effect by the agency, and under the laws, of causation; to be the occasion of; to cause; to produce; to form or fashion; to renew.</def>

<blockquote>Your eye in Scotland
Would <b>create</b> soldiers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Create</b> in me a clean heart.
<i>Ps. li. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To invest with a new form, office, or character; to constitute; to appoint; to make; <as>as, to <ex>create</ex> one a peer</as>.</def> "I <i>create</i> you companions to our person."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Creatic</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cre*at"ic</hw> <tt>(kr?-?t"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, flesh.]</ety> <def>Relating to, or produced by, flesh or animal food; <as>as, <ex>creatic</ex> nausea</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kreatic</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Creatin</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cre"a*tin</hw> <tt>(kr?"?-t?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ flesh.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance found abundantly in muscle tissue.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kreatine</asp>.]</altsp><-- = creatine, C4H9N3O2 -->

<h1>Creatinin</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cre*at"i*nin</hw> <tt>(kr?-?t"?-n?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, nitrogenous body closely related to creatin but more basic in its properties, formed from the latter by the action of acids, and occurring naturally in muscle tissue and in urine.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kretinine</asp>.]</altsp><-- = creatinine, C4H7N3O -->

<h1>Creation</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cre*a"tion</hw> <tt>(kr?-A"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>creatio</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>cr<?/ation</ets>. <ets>See</ets> <er>Create</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of creating or causing to exist. Specifically, the act of bringing the universe or this world into existence.</def>

<blockquote>From the <b>creation</b> to the general doom.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As when a new particle of matter dotn begin to exist, <b>in rerum natura</b>, which had before no being; and this we call <b>creation</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is created; that which is produced or caused to exist, as the world or some original work of art or of the imagination; nature.</def>

<blockquote>We know that the whole <b>creation</b> groaneth.
<i>Rom. viii. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A dagger of the mind, a false <b>creation</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Choice pictures and <b>creations</b> of curious art.
<i>Beaconsfield.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of constituting or investing with a new character; appointment; formation.</def>

<blockquote>An Irish peer of recent <b>creation</b>.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Creational</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cre*a"tion*al</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to creation.</def>

<h1>Creationism</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cre*a"tion*ism</hw> <tt>(-?z'm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine that a soul is specially created for each human being as soon as it is formed in the womb; -- opposed to <i>traducianism</i>.</def>

<h1>Creative</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cre*a"tive</hw> <tt>(-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the power to create; exerting the act of creation.</def> "<i>Creative</i> talent."

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>creative</b> force exists in the germ.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Creativeness</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cre*a"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The qualiyu of being creative.</def>

<h1>Cretor</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cre*"tor</hw> <tt>(kr?-?"t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>creator</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cr<?/ateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who creates, produces, or constitutes. Specifically, the Supreme Being.</def>

<blockquote>To sin's rebuke and my <b>Creater's</b> praise.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The poets and artists of Greece, who are at the same time its prophets, the <b>creators</b> of its divinities, and the revealers of its theological beliefs.
<i>Caird.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Creatorship</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cre*a"tor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or condition of a creator.</def>

<h1>Creatress</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cre*a"tress</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>creatrix</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cr<?/atrice</ets>.]</ety> <def>She who creates.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Creatrix</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cre*a"trix</hw> <tt>(-tr?ks)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A creatress.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Creatural</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Crea"tur*al</hw> <tt>(kr?"t?r-a]/>l; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to a creature; having the qualities of a creature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Creature</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Crea"ture</hw> <tt>(kr?"t?r; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>cr<?/ature</ets>, L.  <ets>creatura</ets>. See <er>Create</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything created; anything not self-existent; especially, any being created with life; an animal; a man.</def>

<blockquote>He asked water, a <b>creature</b> so common and needful that it was against the law of nature to deny him.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>God's first <b>creature</b> was light.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>On earth, join, all ye <b>creatures</b>, to extol
Him first, him last, him midst, and without end.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And most attractive is the fair result
Of thought, the <b>creature</b> of a polished mind.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A human being, in pity, contempt, or endearment; <as>as, a poor <ex>creature</ex>; a pretty <ex>creature</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The world hath not a sweeter <b>creature</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person who owes his rise and fortune to another; a servile dependent; an instrument; a tool.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>creature</b> of the queen's, Lady Anne Bullen.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Both Charles himself and his <b>creature</b>, Laud.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A general term among farmers for horses, oxen, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Creature comforts</col>, <cd>those which minister to the comfort of the body.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cratureless</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Cra"ture*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without created beings; alone.</def>

<blockquote>God was alone
And <b>creatureless</b> at first.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Creaturely</h1>
<Xpage=341>

<hw>Crea"ture*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Creatural; characteristic of a creature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Creaturely</i> faculties."

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Creatureship</h1>
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<hw>Crea"ture*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being a creature.</def>

<h1>Creaturize</h1>
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<hw>Crea"tur*ize</hw> <tt>(-?z)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make like a creature; to degrade</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Degrade and <b>creaturize</b> that mundane soul.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
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Page 342<p>

<h1>Creaze</h1>
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<hw>Creaze</hw> <tt>(kr?z)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The tin ore which collects in the central part of the washing pit or buddle.</def>

<h1>Crebricostate</h1>
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<hw>Cre`bri*cos"tate</hw> <tt>(kr?`br?-k?s"t?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>creber</ets> close + <ets>costa</ets> rib.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Marked with closely set ribs or ridges.</def>

<h1>Crebrisulcate</h1>
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<hw>Cre`bri*sul"cate</hw> <tt>(kr?`br?-s?l"k?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>creber</ets> close + <ets>sulcus</ets> furrow.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Marked with closely set transverse furrows.</def>

<h1>Crebritude</h1>
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<hw>Creb"ri*tude</hw> <tt>(kr?b"r?-t?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>crebritudo</ets>, fr. <ets>creber</ets> close.]</ety> <def>Frequency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Crebrous</h1>
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<hw>Cre"brous</hw> <tt>(kr?"br?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>creber</ets> close set, frequent.]</ety> <def>Frequent; numerous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Goodwin.</i>

<h1>Creche</h1>
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<hw>Creche</hw> <tt>(kr?sh)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A public nursery, where the young children of poor women are cared for during the day, while their mothers are at work.</def>

<h1>Credence</h1>
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<hw>Cre"dence</hw> <tt>(kr?"d<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.  <ets>credentia</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>credens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>credere</ets> to trust, believe: cf. OF. <ets>credence</ets>. See <er>Creed</er>, and cf. <er>Credent</er>, <er>Creance</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Reliance of the mind on evidence of facts derived from other sources than personal knowledge; belief; credit; confidence.</def>

<blockquote>To give <b>credence</b> to the Scripture miracles.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An assertion which might easily find <b>credence</b>.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which gives a claim to credit, belief, or confidence; <as>as, a letter of <ex>credence</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The small table by the side of the altar or communion table, on which the bread and wine are placed before being consecrated.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A cupboard, sideboard, or cabinet, particularly one intended for the display of rich vessels or plate, and consisting chiefly of open shelves for that purpose.</def>

<h1>Credence</h1>
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<hw>Cre"dence</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give credence to; to believe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Credendum</h1>
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<hw>Cre*den"dum</hw> <tt>(kr?-d?n"d?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>;<plu>pl. <plw>Credenda</plw> <tt>(-d<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr.  <ets>credere</ets> to belive.]</ety> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>A thing to be believed; an article of faith; -- distinguished from <i>agendum</i>, a practical duty.</def>

<blockquote>The great articles and <b>credenda</b> of Christianity.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Credent</h1>
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<hw>Cre"dent</hw> <tt>(kr?"d<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[. <ets>credens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>credere</ets> to trust, believe. See <er>Creed</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Believing; giving credence; credulous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>If with too <b>credent</b> esr you list songs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having credit or authority; credible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For my authority bears of a <b>credent</b> bulk.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Credential</h1>
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<hw>Cre*den"tial</hw> <tt>(kr?-d?n"sh<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It.  <ets>credenziale</ets>, fr. LL.  <ets>credentia</ets>.  See <er>Credence</er>.]</ety> <def>Giving a title or claim to credit or confidence; accrediting.</def>

<blockquote>Their <b>credential</b> letters on both sides.
<i>Camden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Credential</h1>
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<hw>Cre*den"tial</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>credenziale</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which gives a title to credit or confidence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Testimonials showing that a person is entitled to credit, or has right to exercise official power, as the letters given by a government to an ambassador or envoy, or a certificate that one is a duly elected delegate.</def>

<blockquote>The committee of estates excepted against the <b>credentials</b> of the English commissioners.
<i>Whitelocke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Had they not shown undoubted <b>credentials</b> from the Divine Person who sent them on such a message.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Credibility</h1>
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<hw>Cred`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(kr?d`?-b?l"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cr<?/dibilit<?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being credible; credibleness; <as>as, the <ex>credibility</ex> of facts; the <ex>credibility</ex> of witnesses.</as></def>

<h1>Credible</h1>
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<hw>Cred"i*ble</hw> <tt>(kr?d"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>credibilis</ets>, fr.  <ets>credere</ets>. See <er>Creed</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being credited or believed; worthy of belief; entiled to confidence; trustworthy.</def>

<blockquote>Things are made <b>credible</b> either by the known condition and quality of the utterer or by the manifest likelihood of truth in themselves.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A very diligent and observing person, and likewise very sober and <b>credible</b>.
<i>Dampier.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Credibleness</h1>
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<hw>Cred"i*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being credible; worthness of belief; credibility.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Credibly</h1>
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<hw>Cred"i*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner inducing belief; <as>as, I have been <ex>credibly</ex> informed of the event</as>.</def>

<h1>Credit</h1>
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<hw>Cred"it</hw> <tt>(kr?d"?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cr<?/dit</ets> (cf. It.  <ets>credito</ets>), L.  <ets>creditum</ets> loan, prop.  neut. of <ets>creditus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>credere</ets> to trust, loan, believe. See <er>Creed</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Reliance on the truth of something said or done; belief; faith; trust; confidence.</def>

<blockquote>When Jonathan and the people heard these words they gave no <b>credit</b> into them, nor received them.
<i>1 Macc. x. 46.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reputation derived from the confidence of others; esteem; honor; good name; estimation.</def>

<blockquote>John Gilpin was a citizen
Of <b>credit</b> and renown.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A ground of, or title to, belief or confidence; authority derived from character or reputation.</def>

<blockquote>The things which we properly believe, be only such as are received on the <b>credit</b> of divine testimony.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which tends to procure, or add to, reputation or esteem; an honor.</def>

<blockquote>I published, because I was told I might please such as it was a <b>credit</b> to please.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Influence derived from the good opinion, confidence, or favor of others; interest.</def>

<blockquote>Having <b>credit</b> enough with his master to provide for his own interest.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Trust given or received; expectation of future playment for property transferred, or of fulfillment or promises given; mercantile reputation entitling one to be trusted; -- applied to individuals, corporations, communities, or nations; <as>as, to buy goods on <ex>credit</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Credit</b> is nothing but the expectation of money, within some limited time.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The time given for payment for lands or goods sold on trust; <as>as, a long <ex>credit</ex> or a short <ex>credit</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld> <def>The side of an account on which are entered all items reckoned as values received from the party or the category named at the head of the account; also, any one, or the sum, of these items; -- the opposite of <i>debit</i>; <as>as, this sum is carried to one's <ex>credit</ex>, and that to his <ex>debit</ex>; A has several <i>credits</i> on the books of B.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Bank credit</col>, &or; <col>Cash credit</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Cash</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bill of credit</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bill</er>.</cd> -- <col>Letter of credit</col>, <cd>a letter or notification addressed by a banker to his correspondent, informing him that the person named therein is entitled to draw a certain sum of money; when addressed to several different correspondents, or when the money can be drawn in fractional sums in several different places, it is called a <i>circular letter of credit</i>.</cd> -- <col>Public credit</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The reputation of, or general confidence in, the ability or readiness of a government to fulfull its pecuniary engagements.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The ability and fidelity of merchants or others who owe largely in a community.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>He touched the dead corpse of <b>Public Credit</b>, and it sprung upon its feet.
<i>D. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Credit</h1>
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<hw>Cred"it</hw> <tt>(kr?d"?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Credited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crediting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To confide in the truth of; to give credence to; to put trust in; to believe.</def>

<blockquote>How shall they <b>credit</b>
A poor unlearned virgin?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring honor or repute upon; to do credit to; to raise the estimation of.</def>

<blockquote>You <b>credit</b> the church as much by your government as you did the school formerly by your wit.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld> <def>To enter upon the credit side of an account; to give credit for; <as>as, to <ex>credit</ex> the amount paid</as>; to set to the credit of; <as>as, to <ex>credit</ex> a man with the interest paid on a bond</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To credit with</col>, <cd>to give credit for; to assign as justly due to any one.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Crove, Helmholtz, and Meyer, are more than any others <b>to be credited with</b> the clear enunciation of this doctrine.
<i>Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Creditable</h1>
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<hw>Cred"it*a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Worthy of belief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Divers <b>creditable</b> witnesses deposed.
<i>Ludlow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deserving or possessing reputation or esteem; reputable; estimable.</def>

<blockquote>This gentleman was born of <b>creditable</b> parents.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Bringing credit, reputation, or honor; honorable; <as>as, such conduct is highly <ex>creditable</ex> to him</as>.</def>

<i>Macualay.</i>

<blockquote>He settled him in a good <b>creditable</b> way of living.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Creditableness</h1>
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<hw>Cred"it*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being creditable.</def>

<h1>Creditably</h1>
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<hw>Cred"it*a*bly</hw> <tt>(-?-bl?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a creditable manner; reputably; with credit.</def>

<h1>Credit foncier</h1>
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<hw>Cre`dit" fon`cier"</hw> <tt>(kr?d?" f?n`s??")</tt>.  <ety>[F. <ets>cr<?/dit</ets> credit & <ets>foncier</ets> relating to land, landed.]</ety> <def>A company licensed for the purpose of carrying out improvements, by means of loans and advances upon real securities.</def>
]
<h1>Credit mobilier</h1>
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<hw>Cre`dit" mo`bi`lier"</hw> <tt>(m?`b?`ly?")</tt>.  <ety>[F.  <ets>cr<?/dit</ets> credit & <ets>mobilier</ets> personal, pertaining to personal property.]</ety> <def>A joint stock company, formed for general banking business, or for the construction of public works, by means of loans on personal estate, after the manner of the <i>cr\'82dit foncier</i> on real estate. In practice, however, this distinction has not been strictly observed.</def>

<h1>Creditor</h1>
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<hw>Cred"it*or</hw> <tt>(kr?d"?t-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F.  <ets>cr<?/diteur</ets>. See <er>Credit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who credits, believes, or trusts.</def>

<blockquote>The easy <b>creditors</b> of novelties.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who gives credit in business matters; hence, one to whom money is due; -- correlative to <i>debtor</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Creditors</b> have better memories than debtors.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Creditress krdt-rs, Creditrix</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cred"it*ress</hw> <tt>(kr?d"?t-r?s)</tt>, <hw>Cred"i*trix</hw> <tt>(kr?d"?-tr?ks)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>creditrix</ets>.]</ety> <def>A female creditor.</def>

<h1>Credo</h1>
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<hw>Cre"do</hw> <tt>(kr?"d?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Creed</er>.]</ety> <def>The creed, as sung or read in the Roman Catholic church.</def>

<blockquote>He repeated Aves and <b>Credos</b>.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Credulity</h1>
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<hw>Cre*du"li*ty</hw> <tt>(kr?-d?"l?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>credulitas</ets>, fr. <ets>credulus</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>cr<?/dulit<?/</ets>. See <er>Credulous</er>.]</ety> <def>Readiness of belief; a disposition to believe on slight evidence.</def>

<blockquote>That implict <b>credulity</b> is the mark of a feeble mind will not be disputed.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Credulous</h1>
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<hw>Cred"u*lous</hw> <tt>(kr?d"?-l?s; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>credulus</ets>, fr. <ets>credere</ets>. See <er>Creed</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Apt to believe on slight evidence; easly imposed upon; unsuspecting.</def>

<i>Landor.</i>

<blockquote>Eve, our <b>credulous</b> mother.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Believed too readily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau & Fl.</i>

<h1>Credulously</h1>
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<hw>Cred"u*lous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With credulity.</def>

<h1>Credulousness</h1>
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<hw>Cred"u*lous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Readiness to believe on slight evidence; credulity.</def>

<blockquote>Beyond all credulity is the <b>credulousness</b> of atheists.
<i>S. Clarke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Creed</h1>
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<hw>Creed</hw> <tt>(kr?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>credo</ets>, <ets>crede</ets>, AS.  <ets>creda</ets>, fr. L. <ets>credo</ets> I believe, at the beginning of the Apostles' creed, fr.  <ets>credere</ets> to believe; akin to OIr.  <ets>cretin</ets> I believe, and Skr. <ets><?/raddadh<?/mi</ets>; <ets>crat</ets> trust + <ets>dh<?/</ets> to put. See <er>Do</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Credo</er>, <er>Grant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A definite summary of what is believed; esp., a summary of the articles of Christian faith; a confession of faith for public use; esp., one which is brief and comprehensive.</def>

<blockquote>In the Protestant system the <b>creed</b> is not co\'94rdinate with, but always subordinate to, the Bible.
<i>Schaff-Herzog Encyc.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any summary of principles or opinions professed or adhered to.</def>

<blockquote>I love him not, nor fear him; there's my <b>creed</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Apostles' creed</col>, <col>Athanasian creed</col>, <col>Nicene creed</col>.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Apostle</er>, <er>Athanasian</er>, <er>Nicene</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Creed</h1>
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<hw>Creed</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To believe; to credit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That part which is so <b>creeded</b> by the people.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Creedless</h1>
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<hw>Creed"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a creed.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Creek</h1>
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<hw>Creek</hw> <tt>(kr?k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.  <ets>crecca</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kreek</ets>, Icel. <ets>kriki</ets> crack, nook; cf. W. <ets>crig</ets> crack, <ets>crigyll</ets> ravine, creek. Cf. <er>Crick</er>, <er>Crook</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small inlet or bay, narrower and extending further into the land than a cove; a recess in the shore of the sea, or of a river.</def>

<blockquote>Each <b>creek</b> and cavern of the dangerous shore.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They discovered a certain <b>creek</b>, with a shore.
<i>Acts xxvii. 39.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stream of water smaller than a river and larger than a brook.</def>

<blockquote>Lesser streams and rivulets are denominated <b>creeks</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>Any turn or winding.</def>

<blockquote>The passages of alleys, <b>creeks</b>, and narrow lands.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Creekfish</h1>
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<hw>Creek"fish</hw> <tt>(kr?k"f?sh)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The chub sucker.</def>

<h1>Creeks</h1>
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<hw>Creeks</hw> <tt>(kr?ks)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Creek</singw></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe or confederacy of North American Indians, including the Muskogees, Seminoles, Uchees, and other subordinate tribes. They formerly inhabited Georgia, Florida, and Alabama.</def>

<h1>Creeky</h1>
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<hw>Creek"y</hw> <tt>(kr?k"?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>  <def>Containing, or abounding in, creeks; characterized by creeks; like a creek; winding.</def> "The <i>creeky</i> shore."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Creel</h1>
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<hw>Creel</hw> <tt>(kr?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>  <ety>[Gael.  <ets>craidhleag</ets> basket, creel.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>An osier basket, such as anglers use.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b>  <fld>(Spinning)</fld> <def>A bar or set of bars with skewers for holding paying-off bobbins, as in the roving machine, throstle, and mule.</def>

<h1>Creep</h1>
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<hw>Creep</hw> <tt>(kr?p)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Crept</er> <tt>(kr?pt)</tt> (<er>Crope</er> <tt>(kr<?/p)</tt>, <mark>Obs</mark>.); <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Crept</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Creeping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.  <ets>crepen</ets>, <ets>creopen</ets>, AS.  <ets>cre<?/pan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kruipen</ets>, G.  <ets>kriechen</ets>, Icel.  <ets>krjupa</ets>, Sw.  <ets>krypa</ets>, Dan. <ets>krybe</ets>. Cf. <er>Cripple</er>, <er>Crouch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move along the ground, or on any other surface, on the belly, as a worm or reptile; to move as a child on the hands and knees; to crawl.</def>

<blockquote>Ye that walk
The earth, and stately tread, or lowly <b>creep</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move slowly, feebly, or timorously, as from unwillingness, fear, or weakness.</def>

<blockquote>The whining schoolboy . . . <b>creeping</b>, like snail,
Unwillingly to school.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Like guilty thing, I<b>creep</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To move in a stealthy or secret manner; to move imperceptibly or clandestinely; to steal in; to insinuate itself or one's self; <as>as, age <ex>creeps</ex> upon us</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The sothistry which <b>creeps</b> into most of the books of argument.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Of this sort are they which <b>creep</b> into houses, and lead captive silly women.
<i>2. Tim. iii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To slip, or to become slightly displaced; <as>as, the collodion on a negative, or a coat of varnish, may <ex>creep</ex> in drying; the quicksilver on a mirror may <ex>creep</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To move or behave with servility or exaggerated humility; to fawn; <as>as, a <ex>creeping</ex> sycophant</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To come as humbly as they used to <b>creep</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To grow, as a vine, clinging to the ground or to some other support by means of roots or rootlets, or by tendrils, along its length.</def> "Creeping vines."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To have a sensation as of insects creeping on the skin of the body; to crawl; <as>as, the sight made my flesh <ex>creep</ex></as>.  See <er>Crawl</er>, <i>v. i.</i>,<i>4</i>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To drag in deep water with creepers, as for recovering a submarine cable.</def>

<h1>Creep</h1>
<Xpage=342>

<hw>Creep</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of creeping.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A distressing sensation, or sound, like that occasioned by the creeping of insects.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>creep</b> of undefinable horror.
<i>Blackwood's Mag.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Out of the stillness, with gathering <b>creep</b>,
Like rising wind in leaves.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A slow rising of the floor of a gallery, occasioned by the pressure of incumbent strata upon the pillars or sides; a gradual movement of mining ground.</def>

<h1>Creeper</h1>
<Xpage=342>

<hw>Creep"er</hw> <tt>(kr?p"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, creeps; any creeping thing.</def>

<blockquote>Standing waters are most unwholesome, . . . full of mites,<b>creepers</b>; slimy, muddy, unclean.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant that clings by rootlets, or by tendrils, to the ground, or to trees, etc.; <as>as, the Virginia <ex>creeper</ex> (<ex>Ampelopsis quinquefolia</ex>)</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small bird of the genus <spn>Certhia</spn>, allied to the wrens. The brown or common European creeper is <spn>C. familiaris</spn>, a variety of which (<spn>var. Americana</spn>) inhabits America; -- called also <altname>tree creeper</altname> and <altname>creeptree</altname>. The American black and white creeper is <spn>Mniotilta varia</spn>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A kind of patten mounted on short pieces of iron instead of rings; also, a fixture with iron points worn on a shoe to prevent one from slipping.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A spurlike device strapped to the boot, which enables one to climb a tree or pole; -- called often <altname>telegraph creepers</altname>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A small, low iron, or dog, between the andirons.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An instrument with iron hooks or claws for dragging at the bottom of a well, or any other body of water, and bringing up what may lie there.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Any device for causing material to move steadily from one part of a machine to another, as an apron in a carding machine, or an inner spiral in a grain screen.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Crockets. See <er>Crocket</er>.</def>

<h1>Creephole</h1>
<Xpage=342>

<hw>Creep"hole`</hw> <tt>(-h?l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hole or retreat onto which an animal may creep, to escape notice or danger.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A subterfuge; an excuse.</def>

<h1>Creepie</h1>
<Xpage=342>

<hw>Creep"ie</hw> <tt>(-?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A low stool.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Creepiness</h1>
<Xpage=342>

<hw>Creep"i*ness</hw> <tt>(-?-n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An uneasy sensation as of insects creeping on the skin.</def>

<blockquote>She felt a curious, uneasy <b>creepiness</b>.
<i>Mrs. Alexander.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Creeping</h1>
<Xpage=342>

<hw>Creep"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Crawling, or moving close to the ground.</def> "Every <i>creeping</i> thing."

<i>Gen. vi. 20.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Growing along, and clinging to, the ground, or to a wall, etc., by means of rootlets or tendrils.</def>

<blockquote>Casements lined with <b>creeping</b> herbs.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ceeping crowfoot</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant, the <spn>Ranunculus repens</spn>.</cd>- <col>Creeping snowberry</col>, <cd>an American plant (<spn>Chiogenes hispidula</spn>) with white berries and very small round leaves having the flavor of wintergreen.</cd></cs>

<h1>Creepingly</h1>
<Xpage=342>

<hw>Creep"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>by creeping slowly; in the manner of a reptile; insidiously; cunningly.</def>

<blockquote>How slily and <b>creepingly</b> did he address himself to our first parents.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Creeple</h1>
<Xpage=342>

<hw>Cree"ple</hw> <tt>(kr?"p'l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cripple</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A creeping creature; a reptile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There is one creeping beast, or long <b>creeple</b> (as the name is in Devonshire), that hath a rattle at his tail that doth discover his age.
<i>Morton (1632).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is lame; a cripple.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou knowest how lame a <b>creeple</b> this world is.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Creepy</h1>
<Xpage=342>

<hw>Creep"y</hw> <tt>(kr?p"?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Crawly; having or producing a sensation like that caused by insects creeping on the skin.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>One's whole blood grew curdling and <b>creepy</b>.
<i>R. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="343">
Page 343<p>

<h1>Crees</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Crees</hw> <tt>(kr?z)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Cree</singw></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>An Algonquin tribe of Indians, inhabiting a large part of British America east of the Rocky Mountains and south of Hudson's Bay.</def>

<h1>Creese</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Creese</hw> <tt>(kr?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay. <ets>kris</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dagger or short sword used by the Malays, commonly having a serpentine blade.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>crease</asp> and <asp>kris</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>From a Malayan <b>creese</b> to a sailor's jackknife.
<i>Julian Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cr\'82maill\'8are</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cr\'82`mail`l\'8are"</hw> <tt>(kr?`m?`ly?r" &or; -m?`y?r")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>An indented or zigzaged line of intrenchment.</def>

<h1>Cremaster</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cre*mas"ter</hw> <tt>(kr?-m?s"t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to hang.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A thin muscle which serves to draw up the testicle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The apex of the last abdominal segment of an insect.</def>

<h1>Cremasteric</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Crem`as*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(kr?m`3s-t?r"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the cremaster; <as>as, the <ex>cremasteric</ex> artery</as>.</def>

<h1>Cremate</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cre"mate</hw> <tt>(kr?"m?t &or; kr?-m?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>crematus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cremare</ets> to burn; cf. Skr. <ets>cr<?/</ets> to cook.]</ety> <def>To burn; to reduce to ashes by the action of fire, either directly or in an oven or retort; to incremate or incinerate; <as>as, to <ex>cremate</ex> a corpse, instead of burying it</as>.</def>

<h1>Cremation</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cre*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(kr?-m?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>crematio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A burning; esp., the act or practice of cremating the dead.</def>

<blockquote>Without <b>cremation</b> . . . of their bodies.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cremationist</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cre*ma"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who advocates the practice of cremation.</def>

<h1>Cremator</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cre*ma"tor</hw> <tt>(-t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, cremmates or consumes to ashes.</def>

<h1>Crematorium krm-tr-m, Crematory</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw><hw>Crem`a*to"ri*um</hw> <tt>(kr?m`?-t?"r?-?m)</tt>, <hw>Crem"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(kr?m"?-t?-r?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Crematoriums</plw> (-<?/mz), <plw>Crematories</plw> <tt>(-r<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL.  <ets>crematorium</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>cremator</ets>.]</ety> <def>A furnace for cremating corpses; a building containing such a furnace.</def>

<h1>Crematory</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Crem"a*to*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or employed in, cremation.</def>

<h1>Cremocarp</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Crem"o*carp</hw> <tt>(kr?m"?-k?rp &or; kr?"m?-)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to hang + <?/<?/<?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The peculiar fruit of fennel, carrott, parsnip, and the like, consisting of a pair of carpels pendent from a supporting axis.</def>

<h1>Cremona</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cre*mo"na</hw> <tt>(kr?-m?"n?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A superior kind of violin, formerly made at <i>Cremona</i>, in Italy.</def>

<h1>Cremor</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cre"mor</hw> <tt>(kr?"m?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. CF. <er>Cream</er>.]</ety> <def>Cream; a substance resembling cream; yeast; scum.</def>

<h1>Cremosin</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Crem"o*sin</hw> <tt>(kr?m"?-s?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Crimson</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Crems</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Crems</hw> <tt>(kr?mz)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Krems</er>.</def>

<h1>Crenate krnt, Crenated</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw><hw>Cre"nate</hw> <tt>(kr?n?t)</tt>, <hw>Cre"na*ted</hw> <tt>(kr?"n?-t?d)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>crena</ets> notch. See <er>Cranny</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the margin cut into rounded teeth notches, or scallops.</def>

<h1>Crenation</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cre*na"tion</hw> <tt>(kr?-n?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A rounded tooth on the edge of a leaf.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The condition of being crenate.</def>

<h1>Crenature</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cren"a*ture</hw> <tt>(kr?n"?-t?r &or; kr?"n?-; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A rounded tooth or notch of a crenate leaf, or any part that is crenate; -- called also <altname>crenelle</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being crenated or notched.</def>

<h1>Crenel</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cre*nel"</hw> <tt>(kr?-n?l")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Crenelle</er>.</def>

<h1>Crenelate</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cren"el*ate</hw> <tt>(kr?n"?l-?t &or;  kr?"n?l-?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crenelated</er> <tt>(-?`t?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crenelating</er> <tt>(-?`t?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL.  <ets>crenellare</ets>, <ets>kernellare</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>cr<?/neler</ets> to indent. See <er>Crenelle</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>crenellate</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish with crenelles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To indent; to notch; <as>as, a <ex>crenelated</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Crenelated molding</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of indented molding used in Norman buildings.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crenelation</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cren`el*a"tion</hw> <tt>(-?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of crenelating, or the state of being crenelated; an indentation or an embrasure.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>crenellation</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Crenelle, Crenel</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw><hw>Cre*nelle"</hw>, <hw>Cre*nel"</hw><hw> <tt>(kr?-n?l")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>crenel</ets>, F.  <ets>cr<?/neau</ets>, LL. <ets>crenellus</ets>, <ets>kernellus</ets>, dim. (prob.) fr. L.  <ets>crena</ets> notch. See <er>Crenny</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An embrasure or indentation in a battlement; a loophole in a fortress; an indentation; a notch. See <er>Merlon</er>, and <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Battlement</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Crenature</er>.</def>

<h1>Crenelled</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cre*nelled"</hw> <tt>(kr<?/-n<?/ld")</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Crenate</er>.</def>

<h1>Crengle krng'l, Crenkle</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw><hw>Cren"gle</hw> <tt>(kr?n"g'l)</tt>, <hw>Cren"kle</hw> <tt>(-k'l)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cringle</er>.</def>

<h1>Crenulate krn-lt, Crenulated</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw><hw>Cren"u*late</hw> <tt>(kr?n"?-l?t)</tt>, <hw>Cren"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(-l?`t?d)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>crenate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Minutely crenate.</def>

<h1>Crenulation</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cren`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(-l?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A minute crenation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being minutely scalloped.</def>

<h1>Creole</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cre"ole</hw> <tt>(kr?"?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cr<?/ole</ets>, Sp. <ets>criollo</ets>, from an American negro word, perh. a corruption of a Sp.  <ets>criadillo</ets>, dim. of <ets>criado</ets> servant, formerly also, child, fr. L. <ets>creatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>creare</ets> to create. Cf. <er>Create</er>.]</ety> <def>One born of European parents in the American colonies of France or Spain or in the States which were once such colonies, esp. a person of French or Spanish descent, who is a native inhabitant of Louisiana, or one of the States adjoining, bordering on the Gulf of of Mexico.</def>

<note>&hand; "The term <i>creole negro</i> is employed in the English West Indies to distinguish the negroes born there from the Africans imported during the time of the slave trade. The application of this term to the colored people has led to an idea common in some parts of the United States, though wholly unfounded, that it implies an admixture greater or less of African blood."</note>

<i>R. Hildreth.</i>

<note>&hand; "The title [Creole] did not first belong to the descendants of Spanish, but of French, settlers, But such a meaning implied a certain excellence of origin, and so came early to include any native of French or Spanish descent by either parent, whose nonalliance with the slave race entitled him to social rank. Later, the term was adopted by, not conceded to, the natives of mixed blood, and is still so used among themselves.  . . .  Besides French and Spanish, there are even, for convenience of speech, 'colored' <i>Creoles</i>; but there are no Italian, or Sicilian, nor any English, Scotch, Irish, or 'Yankee' <i>Creoles</i>, unless of parentage married into, and themselves thoroughly proselyted in, <i>Creole</i> society."</note>

<i>G. W. Cable.</i>

<h1>Creole</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cre"ole</hw> <tt>(kr?"?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a Creole or the Creoles.</def>

<note>&hand; In New Orleans the word <i>Creole</i> is applied to any product, or variety of manufacture, peculiar to Louisiana; as, <i>Creole</i> ponies, chickens, cows, shoes, eggs, wagons, baskets, etc.</note>

<h1>Creolean kr-l-a]/>n, Creolian</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw><hw>Cre*o"le*an</hw> <tt>(kr?-?"l?-a]/>n)</tt>, <hw>Cre*o"li*an</hw><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the Creoles.</def> -- <def2><tt>n. </tt> <def>A Creole.</def></def2>

<h1>Creosol</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cre"o*sol</hw> <tt>(kr?"?-s?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cresote</ets> + phen<ets>ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless liquid resembling phenol or carbolic acid, homologous with pyrocatechin, and obtained from beechwood tar and gum guaiacum.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>creasol</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Creosote</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cre"o*sote</hw> <tt>(kr?"?-s?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/, gen. <?/<?/<?/, flesh + <?/<?/<?/ to preserve.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Wood-tar oil; an oily antiseptic liquid, of a burning smoky taste, colorless when pure, but usually colored yellow or brown by impurity or exposure. It is a complex mixture of various phenols and their ethers, and is obtained by the distillation of wood tar, especially that of beechwood.</def>

<note>&hand; It is remarkable as an antiseptic and deodorizer in the preservation of wood, flesh, etc., and in the prevention of putrefaction; but it is a poor germicide, and in this respect has been overrated. Smoked meat, as ham, owes its preservation and taste to a small quantity of creosote absorbed from the smoke to which it is exposed. <i>Carbolic acid</i> is phenol proper, while <i>creosote</i> is a mixture of several phenols.</note>

<cs><col>Coal-tar creosote</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a colorless or yellow, oily liquid, obtained in the distillation of coal tar, and resembling wood-tar oil, or creosote proper, in composition and properties.</cd></cs>

<h1>Creosote</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cre"o*sote</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Creosoted</er> <tt>(-s?"t?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Creosoting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To saturate or impregnate with creosote, as timber, for the prevention of decay.</def>

<h1>Crepance krp<it>a</it>ns, Crepane</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw><hw>Cre"pance</hw> <tt>(kr?"p<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <hw>Cre"pane</hw> <tt>(kr?"p?n)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>crepare</ets> to crack.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An injury in a horse's leg, caused by the shoe of one hind foot striking and cutting the other leg. It sometimes forms an ulcer.</def>

<h1>Cr\'88pe</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cr\'88pe</hw> <tt>(kr?p)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Crape</er>.</def>

<h1>Crepitant</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Crep"i*tant</hw> <tt>(kr?p"?-t<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Crepitate</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a crackling sound; crackling; rattling.</def>

<cs><col>Crepitant rale</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a peculiar crackling sound audible with inspiration in pneumonia and other lung disease.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crepitate</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Crep"i*tate</hw> <tt>(kr<?/p"<?/-t<?/t)</tt>, <tt>v. i. </tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crepitated</er> <tt>(-t<?/`t<?/d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crepitating</er> <tt>(-t<?/`t<?/ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>crepitatus</ets>, <tt>p. p.</tt> of <ets>crepitare</ets> to crackle, <tt>v.</tt> intensive of <ets>crepare</ets> to crack. Cf. <er>Crevice</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a series of small, sharp, rapidly repeated explosions or sounds, as salt in fire; to crackle; to snap.</def>

<h1>Crepitation</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Crep`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(kr?p`?-t?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <i>cr\'82pitation</i>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of crepitating or crackling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A grating or crackling sensation or sound, as that produced by rubbing two fragments of a broken bone together, or by pressing upon cellular tissue containing air.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A crepitant r\'83le.</def>

<h1>Crepitus</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Crep"i*tus</hw> <tt>(kr?p"?-t?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr.  <ets>crepare</ets> to crack.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The noise produced bu a sudden discharge of wind from the bowels.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Crepitation</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Crepon</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Cre"pon</hw> <tt>(kr?"p?n; F. kr?`<er>p?n</er>")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A thin stuff made of the finest wool or silk, or of wool and silk.</def>

<h1>Crept</h1>
<Xpage=343>

<hw>Crept</hw> <tt>(kr?pt)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Creep</er>.</def>

<h1>Crepuscle kr-pss'l, Crepuscule</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cre*pus"cle</hw> <tt>(kr?-p?s"s'l)</tt>, <hw>Cre*pus"cule</hw> <tt>(kr?-p?s"k?l)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>crepusculum</ets>, fr. <ets>creper</ets> dusky, dark: cf. F.  <ets>cr<?/puscule</ets>.]</ety> <def>Twilight.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Crepuscular -k-lr, Crepusculous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cre*pus"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(-k?-l?r)</tt>, <hw>Cre*pus"cu*lous</hw> <tt>(-l?s)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cr<?/pusculaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to twilight; glimmering; hence, imperfectly clear or luminous.</def>

<blockquote>This semihistorical and <b>crepuscular</b> period.
<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Flying in the twilight or evening, or before sunrise; -- said certain birds and insects.</def>

<blockquote>Others feed only in the twilight, as bats and owls, and are called <b>crepuscular</b>.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cropusculine</h1>
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<hw>Cro*pus"cu*line</hw> <tt>(-l?n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Crepuscular.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sprat.</i>

<h1>Crescence</h1>
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<hw>Cres"cence</hw> <tt>(kr?s"s<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Crescent</er>.]</ety> <def>Increase; enlargement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And toward the moon's attractive <b>crescence</b> bend.
<i>H. Brooke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crescendo</h1>
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<hw>Cres*cen"do</hw> <tt>(kr?s-s?n"d?; It. kr?-sh?n"d?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[It., from <ets>crescere</ets> to increase. See <er>Crescent</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>With a constantly increasing volume of voice; with gradually increasing strength and fullness of tone; -- a direction for the performance of music, indicated by the mark, or by writing the word on the score.</def>

<h1>Crescendo</h1>
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<hw>Cres*cen"do</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A gradual increase in the strength and fullness of tone with which a passage is performed.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A pssage to be performed with constantly increasing volume of tone.</def>

<h1>Crescent</h1>
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<hw>Cres"cent</hw> <tt>(kr?s"s<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.  <ets>cressent</ets>, <ets>cressaunt</ets>, crescent (in sense 1), OF.  <ets>creissant</ets> increasing, F.  <ets>croissant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>cro<?/tre</ets>, OF.  <ets>creistre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>crescere</ets> to increase, v. incho.; akin to <ets>creare</ets> to create. See <er>Create</er>, and cf. Accrue, Increase, Crescendo.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The increasing moon; the moon in her first quarter, or when defined by a concave and a convex edge; also, applied improperly to the old or decreasing moon in a like state.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything having the shape of a crescent or new moon.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A representation of the increasing moon, often used as an emblem or badge</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A symbol of Artemis, or Diana.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The ancient symbol of Byzantium or Constantinople.</def> Hence: <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The emblem of the Turkish Empire, adopted after the taking of Constantinople.</def>

<blockquote>The cross of our faith is replanted,
The pale, dying <b>crescent</b> is daunted.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any one of three orders of knighthood; the first instituted by Charles I., king of Naples and Sicily, in 1268; the second by Ren\'82 of Anjou, in 1448; and the third by the Sultan Selim III., in 1801, to be conferred upon foreigners to whom Turkey might be indebted for valuable services.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The emblem of the increasing moon with horns directed upward, when used in a coat of arms; -- often used as a mark of cadency to distinguish a second son and his descendants.</def>

<h1>Crescent</h1>
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<hw>Cres"cent</hw> <tt>(kr?s"s<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Shaped like a crescent.</def>

<blockquote>Astarte, queen of heaven, with <b>crescent</b> horns.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Increasing; growing.</def>

<blockquote>O, I see the <b>crescent</b> promise of my spirit hath not set.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crescent</h1>
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<hw>Cres"cent</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form into a crescent, or something resembling a crescent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Anna Seward.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To adorn with crescents.</def>

<h1>Crescentic</h1>
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<hw>Cres*cen"tic</hw> <tt>(kr?s-s?n"t?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Crescent-shaped.</def> "<i>Crescentic</i> lobes."

<i>R. Owen.</i>

<h1>Crescentwise</h1>
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<hw>Cres"cent*wise`</hw> <tt>(kr?s"s<it>e</it>nt-w?z`)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the form of a crescent; like a crescent.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Crescive</h1>
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<hw>Cres"cive</hw> <tt>(kr?s"s?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>crescere</ets> to increase.]</ety> <def>Increasing; growing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Unseen, yet <b>crescive</b> in his faculty.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cresol</h1>
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<hw>Cre"sol</hw> <tt>(kr?"s?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Creosote</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of three metameric substances, <chform>CH3.C6H4.OH</chform>, homologous with and resembling phenol. They are obtained from coal tar and wood tar, and are colorless, oily liquids or solids. <note>[Called also <altname>cresylic acid</altname>.]</note></def>

<h1>Cresorcin</h1>
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<hw>Cre*sor"cin</hw> <tt>(kr?-s?r"s?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Isorcin</er>.</def>

<h1>Cress</h1>
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<hw>Cress</hw> <tt>(kr?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cresses</plw> <tt>(kr<?/s"<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>ces</ets>, <ets>cresse</ets>, <ets>kers</ets>, <ets>kerse</ets>, AS. <ets>cresse</ets>, <ets>cerse</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kers</ets>, G. <ets>kresse</ets>, Dan. <ets>karse</ets>, Sw. <ets>krasse</ets>, and possibly also to OHG. <ets>chresan</ets> to creep.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of various species, chiefly cruciferous. The leaves have a moderately pungent taste, and are used as a salad and antiscorbutic.</def>

<note>&hand; The garden cress, called also <altname>peppergrass</altname>, is the <spn>Lepidium sativum</spn>; the water cress is the <spn>Nasturtium officinale</spn>. Various other plants are sometimes called <i>cresses</i>.</note>

<blockquote>To strip the brook with mantling <b>cresses</b> spread.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bitter cress</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bitter</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Not worth a cress</col>, &or; <col>"<i>not worth a kers</i>."</col></mcol> <cd>a common old proverb, now turned into the meaningless "<i>not worth a curse</i>."</cd>

<i>Skeat.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Cresselle</h1>
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<hw>Cres*selle"</hw> <tt>(kr?s-s?l")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cr\'82celle</ets> rattle.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A wooden rattle sometimes used as a substitute for a bell, in the Roman Catholic church, during the latter part of Holy Week, or the last week of Lent.</def>

<h1>Cresset</h1>
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<hw>Cres"set</hw> <tt>(kr?s"s?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>crasset</ets>, <ets>cresset</ets>, sort of lamp or torch; perh. of Dutch or German origin, and akin to E. <ets>cruse</ets>, F.  <ets>creuset</ets> crucible, E.  <ets>crucible</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An open frame or basket of iron, filled with combustible material, to be burned as a beacon; an open lamp or firrepan carried on a pole in nocturnal processions.</def>

<blockquote>Starry lamps and blazing <b>cressets</b>, fed
With naphtha and asphaltus.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As a <b>cresset</b> true that darts its length
Of beamy luster from a tower of strength.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Coopering)</fld> <def>A small furnace or iron cage to hold fire for charring the inside of a cask, and making the staves flexible.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Cressy</h1>
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<hw>Cress"y</hw> <tt>(kr?s"?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding in cresses.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>cressy</b> islets white in flower.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crest</h1>
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<hw>Crest</hw> <tt>(kr?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>creste</ets>, F. <ets>cr<?/te</ets>, L.  <ets>crista</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A tuft, or other excrescence or natural ornament, growing on animal's head; the comb of a cock; the swelling on the head of a serpent; the lengthened feathers of the crown or nape of bird, etc.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<blockquote>[Attack] his rising <b>crest</b>, and drive the serpent back.
<i>C. Pitt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The plume of feathers, or other decoration, worn on a helmet; the distinctive ornament of a helmet, indicating the rank of the weare; hence, also, the helmet.</def>

<blockquote>Stooping low his lofty <b>crest</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And on his head there stood upright
A <b>crest</b>, in token of a knight.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing worn, not upon the shield, but usually above it, or separately as an ornament for plate, liveries, and the like. It is a relic of the ancient cognizance. See <er>Cognizance</er>, 4.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The upper curve of a horse's neck.</def>

<blockquote>Throwing the base thong from his bending <b>crest</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The ridge or top of wave.</def>

<blockquote>Like wave with <b>crest</b> of sparkling foam.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The summit of a hill or mountain ridge.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The helm or head, as typical of a high spirit; pride; courage.</def>

<blockquote>Now the time is come
That France must vail her lofty plumed <b>crest</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The ornamental finishing which surmounts the ridge of a roof, canopy, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The finials of gables and pinnacles are sometimes called <b>crest</b>.
<i>Parker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>The top line of a slope or embankment.</def>

<cs><col>Crest tile</col>, <cd>a tile made to cover the ridge of a roof, fitting upon it like a saddle.</cd> -- <col>Interior crest</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>the highest line of the parapet.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crest</h1>
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<hw>Crest</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crested</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cresting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish with, or surmount as, a crest; to serve as a crest for.


<hr>
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Page 344<p>

<blockquote>His legs bestrid the ocean, his reared arm
<b>Crested</b> the world.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Mid groves of clouds that <b>crest</b> the mountain's brow.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mark with lines or streaks, like, or regarded as like, waving plumes.</def>

<blockquote>Like as the shining sky in summer's night, . . .
Is <b>crested</b> with lines of fiery light.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crest</h1>
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<hw>Crest</hw> <tt>(kr?st)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form a crest.</def>

<h1>Crested</h1>
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<hw>Crest"ed</hw> <tt>(kr?st"?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a crest.</def>

<blockquote>But laced <b>crested</b> helm.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a crest of feathers or hair upon the head.</def> "The <i>crested</i> bird."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bott.)</fld> <def>Bearing any elevated appendage like a crest, as an elevated line or ridge, or a tuft.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Crestfallen</h1>
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<hw>Crest"fall`en</hw> <tt>(-f?l`'n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With hanging head; hence, dispirited; dejected; cowed.</def>

<blockquote>Let it make thee <b>crestfullen</b>;
Ay, and allay this thy abortive pride.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the crest, or upper part of the neck, hanging to one side; -- said of a horse.</def>

<h1>Cresting</h1>
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<hw>Crest"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornamental finish on the top of a wall or ridge of a roof.</def>

<h1>Crestless</h1>
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<hw>Crest"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a crest or escutcheon; of low birth.</def> "<i>Crestless</i> yeomen."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cresylic</h1>
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<hw>Cre*syl"ic</hw> <tt>(kr?-s?l"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Creosote</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, cresol, creosote, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Cresylic acid</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Cresol</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cretaceous</h1>
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<hw>Cre*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(kr?-t?"sh?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cretaceus</ets>, fr.  <ets>creta</ets> chalk. See <er>Crayon</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the qualities of chalk;abounding with chalk; chalky; <as>as, <ex>cretaceous</ex> rocks and formations</as>. See <er>Chalk</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Cretaceous acid</col>, <cd>an old name for carbonic acid.</cd> -- <col>Cretaceous formation</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the series of strata of various kinds, including beds of chalk, green sand, etc., formed in the Cretaceous period; -- called also the <altname>chalk formation</altname>. See the Diagram under <er>Geology</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cretaceous period</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the time in the latter part of the Mesozoic age during which the Cretaceous formation was deposited.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cretaceously</h1>
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<hw>Cre*ta"ceous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a chalky manner; as chalk.</def>

<h1>Cretan</h1>
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<hw>Cre"tan</hw> <tt>(kr?"t<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Crete, or Candia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native or inhabitant of Crete or Candia.</def></def2>

<h1>Crete</h1>
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<hw>Crete</hw> <tt>(kr?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Cres</ets>, <ets>Cretis</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Cretan</def>

<h1>Cretian</h1>
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<hw>Cre"tian</hw> <tt>(kr?"sh<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cretan</er>.</def>

<h1>Cretic</h1>
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<hw>Cre"tic</hw> <tt>(kr?"t?k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Creticus</ets> (sc. <ets>pes</ets> foot), Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ (sc. <?/<?/<?/<?/ foot), prop., a Cretan (metrical) foot.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. & Lat. Pros.)</fld> <def>A poetic foot, composed of one short syllable between two long ones (-<?/-).</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Creticism</h1>
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<hw>Cre"ti*cism</hw> <tt>(-t?-s?z'm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Falsehood; lying; cretism.</def>

<h1>Cretin</h1>
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<hw>Cre"tin</hw> <tt>(kr?"t?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cr\'82tin</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>One afflicted with cretinism.</def>

<h1>Cretinism</h1>
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<hw>Cre"tin*ism</hw> <tt>(kr?"t?n-\'b5z'm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cr<?/tinisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>A condition of endemic or inherited idiocy, accompanied by physical degeneracy and deformity (usually with goiter), frequent in certain mountain valleys, esp. of the Alps.</def>

<h1>Cretinous</h1>
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<hw>Cre"tin*ous</hw> <tt>(-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the characteristics of a cretin.</def> "<i>Cretinous</i> stupefaction."

<i>Ruskin.</i>

<h1>Cretism</h1>
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<hw>Cre"tism</hw> <tt>(kr?"t?z'm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ lying, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to act like a Cretan, that is, to Me. "The Cretians are always liars." <ets>Titus</ets> i. 12.]</ety> <def>A Cretan practice; iying; a falsehood.</def>

<h1>Cretonne</h1>
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<hw>Cre*tonne"</hw> <tt>(kr?-t?n")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., gr. <ets>Creton</ets>, its first manufacturer.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A strong white fabric with warp of hemp and welt of flax.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fabric with cotton warp and woolen weft.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of chintz with a glossy surface.</def>

<h1>Cretose</h1>
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<hw>Cre"tose</hw> <tt>(kr?"t?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cretosus</ets>, fr.  <ets>creta</ets> chalk.]</ety> <def>Chalky; cretaceous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Creutzer</h1>
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<hw>Creut"zer</hw> <def>(kroitn. See <er>Kreutzer</er>.</def>

<h1>Creux</h1>
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<hw>Creux</hw> <tt>(kr?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., <ets>adj</ets>., hollow, <tt>n.</tt>, a hollow.]</ety> <def>Used in English only in the expression <i>en creux</i>. Thus, engraving <i>en creux</i> is engraving in intaglio, or by sinking or hollowing out the design.</def>

<h1>Crevalle</h1>
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<hw>Cre`val*le"</hw> <tt>(kr?`v?l-l?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. of same origin as <ets>cavally</ets>. See <er>Cavally</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The cavally or jurel.</def> See <er>Cavally</er>, and <er>Jurel</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The pompano (<spn>Trachynotus Carolinus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Crevasse</h1>
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<hw>Cre`vasse"</hw> <tt>(kr?`v?s")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Crevice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A deep crevice or fissure, as in embankment; one of the clefts or fissure by which the mass of a glacier is divided.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A breach in the levee or embankment of a river, caused by the pressure of the water, as on the lower Mississippi.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Crevet</h1>
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<hw>Crev"et</hw> <tt>(kr?v"?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Creut</er>.]</ety> <def>A crucible or melting pot; a cruset.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Crevice</h1>
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<hw>Crev"ice</hw> <tt>(kr?v"?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>crevace</ets>, <ets>crevice</ets>. F.  <ets>crevasse</ets>, fr. <ets>crever</ets> to break, burst, fr. L. <ets>crepare</ets> to crack,break. Cf. <er>Craven</er>, <er>Crepitate</er>, <er>Crevasse</er>.]</ety> <def>A narrow opening resulting from a split or crack or the separation of a junction; a cleft; a fissure; a rent.</def>

<blockquote>The mouse,
Behind the moldering wainscot, shrieked,
Or from the <b>crevice</b> peered about.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crevice</h1>
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<hw>Crev"ice</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To crack; to flaw.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Creviced</h1>
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<hw>Crev"iced</hw> <tt>(-?st)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a crevice or crevices; <as>as, a <ex>creviced</ex> structure for storing ears of corn</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Trickling through the <b>creviced</b> rock.
<i>J. Cunningham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crevis</h1>
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<hw>Crev"is</hw> <tt>(-?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The crawfish.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Crew</h1>
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<hw>Crew</hw> <tt>(kr?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Manx shearwater.</def>

<h1>Crew</h1>
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<hw>Crew</hw> <tt>(kr?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From older <ets>accrue</ets> accession, re<?/n<?/orcement, hence, company, crew; the first syllable being misunderstood as the indefinite article. See <er>Accrue</er>, <er>Crescent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A company of people associated together; an assemblage; a throng.</def>

<blockquote>There a noble <b>crew</b>
Of lords and ladies stood on every side.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Faithful to whom? to thy rebellious <b>crew</b>?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The company of seamen who man a ship, vessel, or at; the company belonging to a vessel or a boat.</def>

<note>&hand; The word <i>crew</i>, in law, is ordinarily used as equivalent to <i>ship's company</i>, including master and other officers. When the master and other officers are excluded, the context always shows it.</note>

<i>Story. Burrill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In an extended sense, any small body of men associated for a purpose; a gang; as <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, the carpenter's <i>crew</i>; the boatswain's <i>crew</i>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Company; band; gang; horde; mob; herd; throng; party.</syn>

<h1>Crew</h1>
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<hw>Crew</hw> <tt>(kr?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Crow</er></def>.

<h1>Crewel</h1>
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<hw>Crew"el</hw> <tt>(kr?"?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. for <ets>clewel</ets>, dim. of <ets>clew</ets> a ball of thread; or cf. D.  <ets>krul</ets> curl, E.  <ets>curl</ets>. &root;26.]</ety> <def>Worsted yarn,, slackly twisted, used for embroidery.</def>

<h1>Crewelwork</h1>
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<hw>Crew"el*work`</hw> <tt>(-w?rk`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Embroidery in crewels, commonly done upon some plain material, such as linen.</def>

<h1>Crewet</h1>
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<hw>Crew"et</hw> <tt>(kr?"?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cruet</er>.</def>

<h1>Crib</h1>
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<hw>Crib</hw> <tt>(kr?b)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>crybb</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>kribbja</ets>, D. <ets>krib</ets>, <ets>kribbe</ets>, Dan. <ets>krybbe</ets>, G. <ets>krippe</ets>, and perh. to MHG. <ets>krebe</ets> basket, G, <ets>korb</ets>, and E. <ets>rip</ets> a sort of wicker basket.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A manger or rack; a feeding place for animals.</def>

<blockquote>The steer lion at one <b>crib</b> shall meet.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stall for oxen or other cattle.</def>

<blockquote>Where no oxen are, the <b>crib</b> is clean.
<i>Prov. xiv. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small inclosed bedstead or cot for a child.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A box or bin, or similar wooden structure, for storing grain, salt, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>crib</ex> for corn or oats</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A hovel; a hut; a cottage.</def>

<blockquote>Why rather, Sleep, liest thou in smoky <b>cribs</b>, . . .
Than in the perfumed chambers of the great?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A structure or frame of timber for a foundation, or for supporting a roof, or for lining a shaft.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A structure of logs to be anchored with stones; -- used for docks, pier, dams, etc.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A small raft of timber.</def> <mark>[Canada]</mark>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A small theft; anything purloined;; a plagiaris<?/; hence, a translation or key, etc., to aid a student in preparing or reciting his lessons.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Latin version technically called a <b>crib</b>.
<i>Ld. Lytton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Occasional perusal of the Pagan writers, assisted by a <b>crib</b>.
<i>Wilkie Collins.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>A miner's luncheon.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>The discarded cards which the dealer can use in scoring points in cribbage.</def>

<h1>Crib</h1>
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<hw>Crib</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Cribbed</er> <tt>(kr?bd)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cribbing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shut up or confine in a narrow habitation; to cage; to cramp.</def>

<blockquote>If only the vital energy be not <b>cribbed</b> or cramped.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now I am cabin'd, <b>cribbed</b>, confined.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pilfer or purloin; hence, to steal from an author; to appropriate; to plagiarize; <as>as, to <ex>crib</ex> a line from Milton</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Child, being fond of toys, <b>cribbed</b> the necklace.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crib</h1>
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<hw>Crib</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To crowd together, or to be confined, as in a crib or in narrow accommodations.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Who sought to make . . . bishops to <b>crib</b> in a Presbyterian trundle bed.
<i>Gauden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make notes for dishonest use in recitation or examination.</def> <mark>[College Cant]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To seize the manger or other solid object with the teeth and draw in wind; -- said of a horse.</def>

<h1>Cribbage</h1>
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<hw>Crib"bage</hw> <tt>(kr?b"?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Crib</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 2.]</ety> <def>A game of cards, played by two or four persons, in which there is a crib. (See <er>Crib</er>, 11.) It is characterized by a great variety of chances.</def>

<blockquote>A man's fancy would be summed up in <b>cribbage</b>.
<i>John Hall.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Cribbage board</col>, <cd>a board with holes and pegs, used by cribbage players to score their game.</cd></cs>

<h1>Criber krbr, Crib-biter</h1>
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<hw><hw>Crib"er</hw> <tt>(kr?b"?r)</tt>, <hw>Crib"-bit`er</hw> <tt>(-b?t"?r)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A horse that has the habit of cribbing.</def>

<h1>Cribbing</h1>
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<hw>Crib"bing</hw> <tt>(kr?b"b?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inclosing or confining in a crib or in close quarters.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Purloining; stealing; plagiarizing.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A framework of timbers and plank backing for a shaft lining, to prevent caving, percolation of water, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A vicious habit of a horse; crib-biting. The horse lays hold of the crib or manger with his teeth and draws air into the stomach with a grunting sound.</def>

<h1>Crib-biting</h1>
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<hw>Crib"-bit`ing</hw> <tt>(kr?b"b?t`?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Cribbing</er>, 4.</def>

<h1>Cribble</h1>
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<hw>Crib"ble</hw> <tt>(kr?b"b'l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>crible</ets>, LL. <ets>criblus</ets> sieve, fr. L. <ets>cribrum</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A coarse sieve or screen.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Coarse flour or meal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Cribble</h1>
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<hw>Crib"ble</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cribbled</er> <tt>(-b'ld)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cribbling</er> <tt>(-bl?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>cribler</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cause to pass through a sieve or riddle; to sift.</def>

<h1>Cribble</h1>
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<hw>Crib"ble</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Coarse; <as>as, <ex>cribble</ex> bread</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Huloet.</i>

<h1>Cribellum</h1>
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<hw>Cri*bel"lum</hw> <tt>(kr?b?l"l?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a small sieve, dim. of <ets>cribrum</ets> sieve.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A peculiar perforated organ of certain spiders (<spn>Ciniflonid\'91</spn>), used for spinning a special kind of silk.</def>

<h1>Cribrate</h1>
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<hw>Crib"rate</hw> <tt>(kr?b"r?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cribratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>cribrare</ets> to sift, fr. <ets>cribrum</ets> a sieve.]</ety> <def>Cribriform.</def>

<h1>Cribration</h1>
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<hw>Cri*bra"tion</hw> <tt>(kr?-br?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>cribration</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cribrare</ets> to sift. See <er>Cribble</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Pharmacy)</fld> <def>The act or process of separating the finer parts of drugs from the coarser by sifting.</def>

<h1>Cribriform</h1>
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<hw>Crib"ri*form</hw> <tt>(kr?b"r?f?rm)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cribrum</ets> sieve + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cribriforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling, or having the form of, a sieve; pierced with hokes; <as>as, the <ex>cribriform</ex> plate of the ethmoid bone; a <ex>cribriform</ex> compress.</as></def>

<cs><col>Cribriform cells</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>those which have here and there oblique or transverse sieve plates, or places perforated with many holes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cribrose</h1>
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<hw>Crib"rose</hw> <tt>(kr?b"r?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cribrum</ets> sieve.]</ety> <def>Perforated like a sieve; cribriform.</def>

<h1>Cric</h1>
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<hw>Cric</hw> <tt>(kr?k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[prob. fr. F. <i>cric</i> a jackscrew.]</ety> <def>The ring which turns inward and condenses the flame of a lamp.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Crick</h1>
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<hw>Crick</hw> <tt>(kr?k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Creak</er>.]</ety> <def>The creaking of a door, or a noise resembling it.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Crick</h1>
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<hw>Crick</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The same as <ets>creek</ets> a bending, twisting. See <er>Creek</er>, <er>Crook</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A painful, spasmodic affection of the muscles of some part of the body, as of the neck or back, rendering it difficult to move the part.</def>

<blockquote> To those also that, with a <b>crick</b> or cramp, have thei necks drawn backward.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cric</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small jackscrew.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Cricket</h1>
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<hw>Crick"et</hw> <tt>(kr?k"?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>criket</ets>, OF.  <ets>crequet</ets>, <ets>criquet</ets>; prob. of German origin, and akin to E. <ets>creak</ets>; cf. D. <ets>kriek</ets> a cricket. See <er>Creak</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An orthopterous insect of the genus <spn>Gryllus</spn>, and allied genera. The males make chirping, musical notes by rubbing together the basal parts of the veins of the front wings.</def>

<note>&hand; The common European cricket is <spn>Gryllus domesticus</spn>; the common large black crickets of America are <spn>G. niger</spn>, <spn>G. neglectus</spn>, and others.</note>

<cs><col>Balm cricket</col>. <cd>See under <er>Balm</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cricket bird</col>, <cd>a small European bird (<spn>Silvia locustella</spn>); -- called also <altname>grasshopper warbler</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Cricket frog</col>, <cd>a small American tree frog (<spn>Acris gryllus</spn>); -- so called from its chirping.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cricket</h1>
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<hw>Crick"et</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.  <ets>cricc</ets>, <ets>crycc</ets>, crooked staff, crutch. Perh. first used in sense 1, a stool prob. having been first used as a wicket. See <er>Crutch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A low stool.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A game much played in England, and sometimes in America, with a ball, bats, and wickets, the players being arranged in two contesting parties or sides.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small false roof, or the raising of a portion of a roof, so as to throw off water from behind an obstacle, such as a chimney.</def>

<h1>Cricket</h1>
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<hw>Crick"et</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To play at cricket.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Cricketer</h1>
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<hw>Crick"et*er</hw> <tt>(kr?k"?t-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who plays at cricket.</def>

<h1>Cricoid</h1>
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<hw>Cri"coid</hw> <tt>(kr?"koid)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ ring + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Resembling a ring; -- said esp. of the cartilage at the larynx, and the adjoining parts.</def>

<h1>Cricothyroid</h1>
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<hw>Cri`co*thy"roid</hw> <tt>(-k?-th?"roid)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining both to the cricoid and the thyroid cartilages.</def>

<h1>Cried</h1>
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<hw>Cried</hw> <tt>(kr?d)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Cry</er>.</def>

<h1>Crier</h1>
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<hw>Cri"er</hw> <tt>(kr?"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>crieur</ets>. See <er>Cry</er>.]</ety> <def>One who cries; one who makes proclamation. Specifically, an officer who proclams the orders or directions of a court, or who gives public notice by loud proclamation; <as>as, a town-<ex>crier</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>He openeth his mouth like a <i>crier</i>.
<i>Ecclus. xx. 15.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crime</h1>
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<hw>Crime</hw> <tt>(kr?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[F. <ets>crime</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>crimen</ets> judicial decision, that which is subjected to such a decision, charge, fault, crime, fr. the root of <ets>cernere</ets> to decide judicially. See <er>Certain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any violation of law, either divine or human; an omission of a duty commanded, or the commission of an act forbidden by law.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gross violation of human law, in distinction from a misdemeanor or trespass, or other slight offense. Hence, also, any aggravated offense against morality or the public welfare; any outrage or great wrong.</def> "To part error from <i>crime</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Crimes</i>, in the English common law, are grave offenses which were originally capitally punished (murder, rape, robbery, arson, burglary, and larceny), as distinguished from misdemeanors, which are offenses of a lighter grade. See <er>Misdemeanors</er>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any great wickedness or sin; iniguity.</def>

<blockquote>No<b>crime</b> was thine, if 'tis no <b>crime</b> to love.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which occasion crime.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The tree of life, the <b>crime</b> of our first father's fall.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Capital crime</col>, <cd>a crime punishable with death.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Sin; vice; iniquity; wrong.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Crime</er>, <er>Sin</er>,<er>Vice</er>.  <i>Sin</i> is the generic term, embracing wickedness of every kind, but specifically denoting an offense as committed against God. <i>Crime</i> is strictly a violation of law either human or divine; but in present usage the term is commonly applied to actions contrary to the laws of the State. <i>Vice</i> is more distinctively that which springs from the inordinate indulgence of the natural appetites, which are in themselves innocent. Thus intemperance, unchastity, duplicity, etc., are <i>vices</i>; while murder, forgery, etc., which spring from the indulgence of selfish passions, are <i>crimes</i>.</usage>

<h1>Crimeful</h1>
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<hw>Crime"ful</hw> <tt>(kr?m"f?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Criminal; wicked; contrary to law, right, or dury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Crimeless</h1>
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<hw>Crime"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from crime; innocent.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Criminal</h1>
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<hw>Crim"i*nal</hw> <tt>(kr?m"?-n<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>criminalis</ets>, fr.  <ets>crimen</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>criminel</ets>. See <er>Crime</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Guilty of crime or sin.</def>

<blockquote>The neglect of any of the relative duties renders us <b>criminal</b> in the sight of God.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Involving a crime; of the nature of a crime; -- said of an act or of conduct; <as>as, <ex>criminal</ex> carelessness</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Foppish and fantastic ornaments are only indications of vice, not <b>criminal</b> in themselves.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Relating to crime; -- opposed to <i>civil</i>; <as>as, the <ex>criminal</ex> code</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The officers and servants of the crown, violating the personal liberty, or other right of the subject . . . were in some cases liable to <b>criminal</b> process.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Criminal action</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an action or suit instituted to secure conviction and punishment for a crime.</cd> -- <col>Criminal conversation</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>unlawful intercourse with a married woman; adultery; -- usually abbreviated, <i>crim. con</i>.</cd> -- <col>Criminal law</col>, <cd>the law which relates to crimes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Criminal</h1>
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<hw>Crim"i*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who has commited a crime; especially, one who is found guilty by verdict, confession, or proof; a malefactor; a felon.</def>

<h1>Criminalist</h1>
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<hw>Crim"i*nal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in criminal law.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="345">
Page 345<p>

<h1>Criminality</h1>
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<hw>Crim`i*nal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(kr?m`?-n?l"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>criminalitas</ets>, fr. L. <ets>criminalis</ets>. See <er>Criminal</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being criminal; that which constitutes a crime; guiltiness; guilt.</def>

<blockquote>This is by no means the only criterion of <b>criminality</b>.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Criminally</h1>
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<hw>Crim"i*nal*ly</hw> <tt>(kr?m"?-n<it>a</it>l-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In violation of law; wickedly.</def>

<h1>Criminalness</h1>
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<hw>Crim"i*nal*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Criminality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Criminate</h1>
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<hw>Crim"i*nate</hw> <tt>(kr<?/m"<?/-n<?/t)</tt>, <tt>v. t. </tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Criminated</er> <tt>(-n<?/`t<?/d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Criminating</er> <tt>(-n<?/"t<?/ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>criminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>criminare</ets>, <ets>criminari</ets>, to criminate, fr. <ets>crimen</ets>. See <er>Crime</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To accuse of, or charge with, a crime.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>criminate</b>, with the heavy and ungrounded charge of disloyalty and disaffection, an uncorrupt, independent, and reforming parliament.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To involve in a crime or in its consequences; to render liable to a criminal charge.</def>

<blockquote>Impelled by the strongest pressure of hope and fear to <b>criminate</b> him.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crimination</h1>
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<hw>Crim`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(kr?m`?-n?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>criminatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of accusing; accusation; charge; complaint.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>criminations</b> and recriminations of the adverse parties.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Criminative</h1>
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<hw>Crim"i*na*tive</hw> <tt>(kr?m"?-n?-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Charging with crime; accusing; criminatory.</def>

<i>R. North.</i>

<h1>Criminatory</h1>
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<hw>Crim"i*na*to*ry</hw> <tt>(-t?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or involving, crimination; accusing; <as>as, a <ex>criminatory</ex> conscience</as>.</def>

<h1>Criminology</h1>
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<hw>Crim`i*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(-n?l"?-j?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>crimen</ets>, <ets>crimenis</ets>, crime +  <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on crime or the criminal population.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Crim`i*nol"o*gist</wf> <tt>(-j<?/st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Criminous</h1>
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<hw>Crim"i*nous</hw> <tt>(kr?m"?-n?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>criminosus</ets>, fr.  <ets>crimen</ets>. See <er>Crime</er>.]</ety> <def>Criminal; involving great crime or grave charges; very wicked; heinous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Crim"i*nous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt>. -- <wf>Crim"i*nous*ness</wf>,<tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Crimosin</h1>
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<hw>Crim"o*sin</hw> <tt>(kr?m"?-z?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Crimson</er>.</def>

<h1>Crim</h1>
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<hw>Crim</hw> <tt>(kr?mp)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crimped</er> <tt>(kr?mt; 215)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crimping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to D.  <ets>krimpen</ets> to shrink, shrivel, Sw.  <ets>krympa</ets>, Dan.  <ets>krympe</ets>, and to E. <ets>cramp</ets>.  See <er>Cramp</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fold or plait in regular undulation in such a way that the material will retain the shape intended; to give a wavy apperance to; <as>as, to <ex>crimp</ex> the border of a cap; to <ex>crimp</ex> a ruffle</as>.  Cf. <er>Crisp</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The comely hostess in a <b>crimped</b> cap.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pinch and hold; to seize.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, to entrap into the military or naval service; <as>as, to <ex>crimp</ex> seamen</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Coaxing and courting with intent to <b>crimp</b> him.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>To cause to contract, or to render more crisp, as the flesh of a fish, by gashing it, when living, with a knife; <as>as, to <ex>crimp</ex> skate, etc.</as></def>

<cs><col>Crimping house</col>, <cd>a low lodging house, into which men are decoyed and plied with drink, to induce them to ship or enlist as sailors or soldiers.</cd> -- <col>Crimping iron</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An iron instrument for crimping and curling the hair.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A crimping machine.</cd> -- <col>Crimping machine</col>, <cd>a machine with fluted rollers or with dies, for crimping ruffles leather, iron, etc.</cd> -- <col>Crimping pin</col>, <cd>an instrument for crimping or puckering the border of a lady's cap.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crimp</h1>
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<hw>Crimp</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Easily crumbled; friable; brittle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Now the fowler . . . treads the <b>crimp</b> earth.
<i>J. Philips.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Weak; inconsistent; contradictory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The evidance is <b>crimp</b>; the witnesses swear backward and forward, and contradict themselves.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crimp</h1>
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<hw>Crimp</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A coal broker.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>De Foe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who decoys or entraps men into the military or naval service.</def>

<i> Marryat.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A keeper of a low lodging house where sailors and emigrants are entrapped and fleeced.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Hair which has been crimped; -- usually in <it>pl.</it></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A game at cards.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<cs><col>Boot crimp</col>. <cd>See under <er>Boot</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crimpage</h1>
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<hw>Crimp"age</hw> <tt>(-?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or practice of crimping; money paid to a crimp for shipping or enlisting men.</def>

<h1>Crimper</h1>
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<hw>Crimp"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, crimps; as: <sd>(a)</sd> A curved board or frame over which the upper of a boot or shoe is stretched to the required shape. <sd>(b)</sd> A device for giving hair a wavy apperance. <sd>(c)</sd> A machine for crimping or ruffling textile fabrics.</def>

<h1>Crimple</h1>
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<hw>Crim"ple</hw> <tt>(kr?m"p'l)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crimpled</er> <tt>(-p'ld)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crimpling</er> <tt>(-pl?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>crimp</ets>, v. t. ]</ety> <def>To cause to shrink or draw together; to contract; to curl.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Crimpy</h1>
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<hw>Crimp"y</hw> <tt>(kr?mp"?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a crimped appearance; frizzly; <as>as, the <ex>crimpy</ex> wool of the Saxony sheep</as>.</def>

<h1>Crimson</h1>
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<hw>Crim"son</hw> <tt>(kr?m"z'n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>crimson</ets>, OF.  <ets>crimoisin</ets>, F.  <ets>cramoisi</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>carmesi</ets>.) LL.  <ets>carmesinus</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>qermazi</ets>, fr. <ets>qermez</ets> crimson, kermes, fr. Skr.  <ets>k<?/mija</ets> produced by a worm; <ets>k<?/mi</ets> worm or insect +  <ets>jan</ets> to generate; akin to E.  <ets>kin</ets>. CF.  <er>Carmine</er>, <er>Kermes</er>.]</ety> <def>A deep red color tinged with blue; also, red color in general.</def>

<blockquote>Theugh jour be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they be red like <b>crimson</b>, they shall be as wool.
<i>Is. i. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A maid jet rosed over with the virgin <b>crimson</b> of modesty.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crimson</h1>
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<hw>Crim"son</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a deep red color tinged with blue; deep red.</def> "A <i>crimson</i> tide."

<i>Mrs. Hemans.</i>

<blockquote>The blushing poppy with a <b>crimson</b> hue.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crimson</h1>
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<hw>Crim"son</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crimsoned</er> <tt>(-z'nd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crimsoning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To dye with crimson or deep red; to redden.</def>

<blockquote>Signed in thy spoil and <b>crimsoned</b> in thy lethe.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crimson</h1>
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<hw>Crim"son</hw>, <tt>b. t.</tt> <def>To become crimson; to blush.</def>

<blockquote>Ancient towers . . . beginning to <b>crimson</b> with the radiant luster of a cloudless July morning.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crinal</h1>
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<hw>Cri"nal</hw> <tt>(kr?"n<it>al</it>)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>crinalis</ets>, fr. <ets>crinis</ets> the hair.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the hair.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Crinated</h1>
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<hw>Cri"na*ted</hw> <tt>(kr?"n?-t?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having hair; hairy.</def>

<h1>Crinatory</h1>
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<hw>Cri"na*to*ry</hw> <tt>(kr?"n?-t?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Crinitory.</def>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>Crincum</h1>
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<hw>Crin"cum</hw> <tt>(kr?n"k?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Crinkle</er>.]</ety> <def>A twist or bend; a turn; a whimsey.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Crincum-crancum</h1>
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<hw>Crin"cum-cran"cum</hw> <tt>(kr?n"k?m-kr?n"k?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A twist; a whimsey or whim.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Crined</h1>
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<hw>Crined</hw> <tt>(kr?nd)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>crinis</ets> hair.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having the hair of a different tincture from the rest of the body; <as>as, a charge <ex>crined</ex> of a red tincture</as>.</def>

<h1>Crinel krnEl, Crinet</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cri"nel</hw> <tt>(kr?"nEl)</tt>, <hw>Cri"net</hw> <tt>(kr?"n?t)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>crinis</ets> hair.]</ety> <def>A very fine, hairlike feather.</def>

<i>Booth.</i>

<h1>Cringe</h1>
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<hw>Cringe</hw> <tt>(kr?nj)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crnged</er> <tt>(kr?njd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cringing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[As. <ets>crincgang</ets>, <ets>cringan</ets>, <ets>crincan</ets>, to jield, fall; akin to E.  <ets>crank</ets>.]</ety> <def>To draw one's self together as in fear or servility; to bend or crouch with base humility; to wince; hence; to make court in a degrading manner; to fawn.</def>

<blockquote>When they were come up to the place where the lions were, the boys that went before were glad to <b>cringe</b> behind, for they were afraid of the lions.
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sly hypocrite, . . . who more than thou
Once fawned and <b>cringed</b>, and servilely adored
Heaven's awful monarch?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Flatterers . . . are always bowing and <b>cringing</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cringe</h1>
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<hw>Cringe</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To contract; to draw together; to cause to shrink or wrinkle; to distort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Till like a boy you see him <b>cringe</b> his face,
And whine aloud for mercy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cringe</h1>
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<hw>Cringe</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Servile civility; fawning; a shrinking or bowing, as in fear or servility.</def> "With <i>cringe</i> and shrug, and bow obsequious."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Cringeling</h1>
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<hw>Cringe"ling</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who cringes meanly; a fawner.</def>

<h1>Cringer</h1>
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<hw>Crin"ger</hw> <tt>(kr?n"j?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who cringes.</def>

<h1>Cringingly</h1>
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<hw>Crin"ging*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a cringing manner.</def>

<h1>Cringle</h1>
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<hw>Crin"gle</hw> <tt>(kr?n"g'l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>kringla</ets> orb; akin to <ets>kring</ets> around, and to D.  <ets>kring</ets> circle, and to E.  <ets>cringe</ets>, <ets>crank</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A withe for fastening a gate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An iron or pope thimble or grommet worked into or attached to the edges and corners of a sail; -- usually in the plural. The cringles are used for making fast the bowline bridles, earings, etc.</def>

<h1>Crinicultural</h1>
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<hw>Crin`i*cul"tur*al</hw> <tt>(kr?n`?-k?l"t?r-a]/>l; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>crinis</ets> hair + <ets>cultura</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to the growth of hair.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Crinigerous</h1>
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<hw>Cri*nig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(kr?-n?j"?r-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>criniger</ets>; <ets>crinis</ets> hair + <ets>gerere</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Bearing hair; hairy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Crinital</h1>
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<hw>Cri"ni*tal</hw> <tt>(kr?"n?-t<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Crinite</er>, <p><b>1.</b></def>

<blockquote>He the star <b>crinital</b> adoreth.
<i>Stanyhurst.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crinite</h1>
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<hw>Cri"nite</hw> <tt>(kr?"n?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>crinitus</ets>, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>p</ets>. <ets>of crinire</ets> to provide or cover with hair, fr. <ets>crinis</ets> hair.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the appearance of a tuft of hair; having a hairlike tail or train.</def> "Comate, <i>crinite</i>, caudate stars."

<i><?/airfax.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearded or tufted with hairs.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Crinitory</h1>
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<hw>Cri"ni*to*ry</hw> <tt>(kr?"n?-t?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to hair; <as>as, a <ex>crinitory</ex> covering</as>.</def>

<i>T. Hook.</i>

<h1>Crinkle</h1>
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<hw>Crin"kle</hw> <tt>(kr?n"k'l)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crinkled</er> <tt>(-k'ld)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crinkling</er> <tt>(-kl?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[A dim., fr. the root of <ets>cringe</ets>; akin to D. <ets>krinkelen</ets> to wind or twist. Cf. <er>Cringle</er>, <er>Cringe</er>.]</ety> <def>To form with short turns, bends, or wrinkles; to mold into inequalites or sinuosities; to cause to wrinkle or curl.</def>

<blockquote>The hous<?/<?/ <b>crinkled</b> to and fro.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Her face all bowsy,
Comely <b>crinkled</b>,
Wondrously wrinkled.
<i>Skelton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The flames through all the casements pushing forth,
Like red-not devils <b>crinkled</b> into snakes.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crinkle</h1>
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<hw>Crin"kle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To turn or wind; ti run in and out in many short bends or turns; to curl; to run in wavws; to wrinkle; also, to rustle, as stiff cloth when moved.</def>

<blockquote>The green wheat <b>crinkles</b> like a lake.
<i>L. T. Trowbridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And all the rooms
Were full of <b>crinkling</b> silks.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crinkle</h1>
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<hw>Crin"kle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A winding or turn; wrinkle; sinuosity.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>crinkles</b> in this glass, making objects appear double.
<i>A. Tucker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crinkled</h1>
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<hw>Crin"kled</hw> <tt>(kr?n"k'ld)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having short bends, turns, or wrinkles; wrinkled; wavy; zigzag.</def>  "The <i>crinkled</i> lightning."

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Crinkly</h1>
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<hw>Crin"kly</hw> <tt>(-kl?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having crinkles; wavy; wrinkly.</def>

<h1>Crinoid</h1>
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<hw>Cri"noid</hw> <tt>(kr?"noid)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>See</tt> <er>Crinoidea</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Crinoidal.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def> One of the Crinoidea.</def></def2>

<h1>Crinoidal</h1>
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<hw>Cri*noid"al</hw> <tt>(kr?-noid<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of pertaining to crinoids; consisting of, or containing, crinoids.</def>

<h1>Crinoidea</h1>
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<hw>Cri*noid"e*a</hw> <tt>(kr?-noid"?-?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ lily + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>crino<?/de</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large class of Echinodermata, including numerous extinct families and genera, but comparatively few living ones. Most of the fossil species, like some that are recent, were attached by a jointed stem. See <er>Blastoidea</er>, <er>Cystoidea</er>, <er>Comatula</er>.</def>

<h1>Crinoidean</h1>
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<hw>Cri*noid"e*an</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>One of the Crinoidea.</def>

<h1>Crinoline</h1>
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<hw>Crin"o*line</hw> <tt>(kr?n"?-l?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>crin</ets> hair,L. <ets>crinis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of stiff cloth, used chiefly by women, for underskirts, to expand the gown worn over it; -- so called because originally made of <i>hair</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lady's skirt made of any stiff material; latterly, a hoop skirt.</def>

<h1>Crinose</h1>
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<hw>Cri*nose"</hw> <tt>(kr?-n?s")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>crinis</ets> hair.]</ety> <def>Hairy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Crinosity</h1>
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<hw>Cri*nos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(kr?-n?s"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hairiness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Crinum</h1>
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<hw>Cri"num</hw> <tt>(kr?"n?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ lily.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of bulbous plants, of the order <i>Amaryllidace<?/</i>, cultivated as greenhouse plants on account of their beauty.</def>

<h1>Criosphinx</h1>
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<hw>Cri"o*sphinx`</hw> <tt>(kr?"?-sf?nks`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ ram + <?/<?/<?/<?/ sphinx.]</ety> <def>A sphinx with the head of a ram.</def>

<h1>Cripple</h1>
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<hw>Crip"ple</hw> <tt>(kr?p"p'l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.  <ets>cripel</ets>, <ets>crepel</ets>, <ets>crupel</ets>, AS. <ets>crypel</ets> (akin to D.  <ets>kreuple</ets>, G.  <ets>kr<?/ppel</ets>, Dan.  <ets>kr<?/bling</ets>, Icel.  <ets>kryppill</ets>), prop., one that can not walk, but must creep, fr. AS. <ets>cre<?/pan</ets> to creep. See <er>Creep</er>.]</ety> <def>One who creeps, halts, or limps; one who has lost, or never had, the use of a limb or limbs; a lame person; hence, one who is partially disabled.</def>

<blockquote>I am a <b>cripple</b> in my limbs; but what decays are in my mind, the reader must determine.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cripple</h1>
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<hw>Crip"ple</hw> <tt>(kr?p"p'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lame; halting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>cripple</i>, tardy-gaited night."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cripple</h1>
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<hw>Crip"ple</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crippled</er> <tt>(-p'ld)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crippling</er> <tt>(-pl?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deprive of the use of a limb, particularly of a leg or foot; to lame.</def>

<blockquote>He had <b>crippled</b> the joints of the noble child.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive of strength, activity, or capability for service or use; to disable; to deprive of resources; <as>as, to be financially <ex>crippled</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>More serious embarrassments . . . were <b>crippling</b> the energy of the settlement in the Bay.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An incumbrance which would permanently <b>cripple</b> the body politic.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crippled</h1>
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<hw>Crip"pled</hw> <tt>(kr?p"p'ld)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lamed; lame; disabled; impeded.</def> "The <i>crippled</i> crone."

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Crippleness</h1>
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<hw>Crip"ple*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Lameness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Crippler</h1>
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<hw>Crip"pler</hw> <tt>(-pl?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wooden tool used in graining leather.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Crippling</h1>
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<hw>Crip"pling</hw> <tt>(-pl?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Spars or timbers set up as a support against the side of a building.</def>

<h1>Cripply</h1>
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<hw>Crip"ply</hw> <tt>(-pl?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lame; disabled; in a crippled condition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Mrs. Trollope.</i>

<h1>Crisis</h1>
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<hw>Cri"sis</hw> <tt>(kr?"s?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Crises</plw> <tt>(-s<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L.  <ets>crisis</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to separate. See <er>Certain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The point of time when it is to be decided whether any affair or course of action must go on, or be modified or terminate; the decisive moment; the turning point.</def>

<blockquote>This hour's the very <b>crisis</b> of your fate.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The very times of <b>crisis</b> for the fate of the country.
<i>Brougham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>That change in a disease which indicates whether the result is to be recovery or death; sometimes, also, a striking change of symptoms attended by an outward manifestation, as by an eruption or sweat.</def>

<blockquote>Till some safe <b>crisis</b> authorize their skill.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crisp</h1>
<Xpage=345>

<hw>Crisp</hw> <tt>(kr?sp)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>crisp</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>crispus</ets>; cf. <ets>carpere</ets> to pluck, card (wool), and E. <ets>harvest</ets>.  Cf. <er>Crape</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Curling in stiff curls or ringlets; <as>as, <ex>crisp</ex> hair</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Curled with the ripple of the water.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>You numphs called Naiads, of the winding brooks . . .
Leave jour <b>crisp</b> channels.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Brittle; friable; in a condition to break with a short, sharp fracture; <as>as, <ex>crisp</ex> snow</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The cakes at tea ate short and <b>crisp</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Possessing a certain degree of firmness and freshness; in a fresh, unwilted condition.</def>

<blockquote>It [laurel] has been plucked nine months, and yet looks as hale and <b>crisp</b> as if it would last ninety years.
<i>Leigh Hunt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Lively; sparking; effervescing.</def>

<blockquote>Your neat <b>crisp</b> claret.
<i>Beau & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Brisk; crackling; cheerful; lively.</def>

<blockquote>The snug, small room, and the <b>crisp</b> fire.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crisp</h1>
<Xpage=345>

<hw>Crisp</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crisped</er> <tt>(kr?spt)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crisping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>crispare</ets>, fr.  <ets>crispus</ets>. See <er>Crisp</er>. <tt>a.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To curl; to form into ringlets, as hair, or the nap of cloth; to interweave, as the branches of trees.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to undulate irregularly, as crape or water; to wrinkle; to cause to ripple. Cf. <er>Crimp</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The lover with the myrtle sprays
Adorns his <b>crisped</b> tresses.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Along the <b>crisped</b> shades and bowers.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>crisped</b> brooks,
Rolling on orient pearl and sands of gold.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make crisp or brittle, as in cooking.</def>

<cs><col>Crisping iron</col>, <cd>an instrument by which hair or any textile fabric is crisped.</cd> -- <col>Crisping pin</col>, <cd>the simplest form of crisping iron. <i>Is. iii. 22.</i></cd></cs>

<h1>Crisp</h1>
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<hw>Crisp</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To undulate or ripple.  Cf.  <er>Crisp</er>, <i>v. t.</i></def>

<blockquote>To watch the <b>crisping</b> ripples on the beach.
<i>Tennuson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crisp</h1>
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<hw>Crisp</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is crisp or brittle; the state of being crisp or brittle; <as>as, burned to a <ex>crisp</ex></as>; specifically, the rind of roasted pork; crackling.</def>

<h1>Crispate krspt, Crispated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cris"pate</hw> <tt>(kr?s"p?t)</tt>, <hw>Cris"pa*ted</hw> <tt>(-p?-t?d)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>crispatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>crispare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a crisped appearance; irregularly curled or twisted.</def>

<h1>Crispation</h1>
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<hw>Cris*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(kr?s-p?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[CF. F.  <ets>crispation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of curling, or the state of being curled.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A very slight convulsive or spasmodic contraction of certain muscles, external or internal.</def>

<blockquote>Few men can look down from a great height without creepings and <b>crispations</b>.
<i>O. W. Holmes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crispature</h1>
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<hw>Cris"pa*ture</hw> <tt>(kr?s"p?-t?r; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being crispate.</def>

<h1>Crisper</h1>
<Xpage=345>

<hw>Crisp"er</hw> <tt>(kr?s"p?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, crisps or curls; an instrument for making little curls in the nap of cloth, as in chinchilla.</def>

<h1>Crispin</h1>
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<hw>Cris"pin</hw> <tt>(kr?s"p?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shoemaker; -- jocularly so called from the patron sant of the craft.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of a union or association of shoemakers.</def>

<h1>Crisply</h1>
<Xpage=345>

<hw>Crisp"ly</hw> <tt>(kr?sp"l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a crisp manner.</def>

<h1>Crispness</h1>
<Xpage=345>

<hw>Crisp"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being crisp.</def>

<h1>Crispy</h1>
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<hw>Crisp"y</hw> <tt>(-?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Formed into short, close ringlets; frizzed; crisp; <as>as, <ex>crispy</ex> locks</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Crisp; brittle; as. a <i>crispy</i> pie crust.</def>

<h1>Crissal</h1>
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<hw>Cris"sal</hw> <tt>(kr?s"s<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the crissum; <as>as, <ex>crissal</ex> feathers</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having highly colored under tail coverts; <as>as, the <ex>crissal</ex> thrasher</as>.</def>

<h1>Crisscross</h1>
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<hw>Criss"cross`</hw> <tt>(kr?s"kr?s`; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>Christcross</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mark or cross, as the signature of a person who is unable to write.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A child's game played on paper or on a slate, consisting of lines arranged in the form of a cross.</def>

<h1>Crisscross</h1>
<Xpage=345>

<hw>Criss"cross`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mark or cover with cross lines; <as>as, a paper was <ex>crisscrossed</ex> with red marks</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="346">
Page 346<p>

<h1>Crisscross</h1>
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<hw>Criss"cross`</hw> <tt>(kr?s"kr?s`;115)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In opposite directions; in a way to cross something else; crossing one another at various angles and in various ways.</def>

<blockquote>Logs and tree luing <b>crisscross</b> in utter confusion.
<i>W. E. Boardman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With opposition or hindrance; at cross purposes; contrarily; <as>as, things go <ex>crisscross</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Crisscross-row</h1>
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<hw>Criss"cross-row`</hw> <tt>(-r?`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Christcross-row</er>.</def>

<h1>Crissum</h1>
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<hw>Cris"sum</hw> <tt>(kr?s"s?m)</tt>,, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Crissa</plw> <tt>(-s<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL.; cf. L.  <ets>crisso</ets> to move the haunches.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That part of a bird, or the feathers, surrounding the cloacal opening; the under tail coverts.</def>

<h1>Cristate</h1>
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<hw>Cris"tate</hw> <tt>(kr?s"t?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>ctistatus</ets>, fr.  <ets>crista</ets> crest.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Crested.</def>

<h1>Criterion</h1>
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<hw>Cri*te"ri*on</hw> <tt>(kr?-t?"r?-?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.  <plw>Criteria</plw> (-<?/), sometimes <plw>Criterions</plw> <tt>(-<?/nz)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a means for judging, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ decider, judge, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to separate. See <er>Certain</er>.]</ety> <def>A standard of judging; any approved or established rule or test, by which facts, principles opinions, and conduct are tried in forming a correct judgment respecting them.</def>

<blockquote>Of the diseases of the mind there is no <b>criterion</b>.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Inferences founded on such enduring <b>criteria</b>.
<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Standard; measure; rule.</syn>

<h1>Crith</h1>
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<hw>Crith</hw> <tt>(kr?th)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a barleycorn, a small weight.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The unit for estimating the weight of a<?/riform substances; -- the weight of a liter of hydrogen at 0<?/ centigrade, and with a tension of 76 centimeters of mercury. It is 0.0896 of a gram, or 1.38274 grains.</def>

<h1>Crithomancu</h1>
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<hw>Crith"o*man`cu</hw> <tt>(kr?th"?-m?n`s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/. pl., barley + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>crithomancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of divination by means of the dough of the cakes offered in the ancient sacrifices, and the meal strewed over the victims.</def>

<h1>Critic</h1>
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<hw>Crit"ic</hw> <tt>(kr?t"?k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>criticus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, a critic; prop., an adj. meaning <ets>able to discuss</ets>, from <?/<?/<?/<?/ to judge, discern. See <er>Certain</er>, and cf. <er>Critique</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One skilled in judging of the merits of literary or artistic works; a connoisseur; an adept; hence, one who examines literary or artistic works, etc., and passes judgment upon them; a reviewer.</def>

<blockquote>The opininon of the most skillful <b>critics</b> was, that nothing finer [than Goldsmith's "Traveler"] had appeared in verse since the fourth book of the "Dunciad."
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who passes a rigorous or captious judgment; one who censures or finds fault; a harsh examiner or judge; a caviler; a carper.</def>

<blockquote>When an author has many beauties consistent with virtue, piety, and truth, let not little <b>critics</b> exalt themselves, and shower down their ill nature.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You know who the <b>critics</b> are? the men who have failed in literature and art.
<i>Beaconsfield.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The art of criticism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An act of criticism; a critique.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And make each day a <b>critic</b> on the last.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Critic</h1>
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<hw>Crit"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to critics or criticism; critical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Critic</i> learning."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Critic</h1>
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<hw>Crit"ic</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>critiquer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To criticise; to play the critic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Nay, if you begin to <b>critic</b> once, we shall never have done.
<i>A. Brewer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Critical</h1>
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<hw>Crit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(kr?t"?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Critic</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Crisis</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Qualified to criticise, or pass judgment upon, literary or artistic productions.</def>

<blockquote>It is submitted to the judgment of more <b>critical</b> ears to direct and determine what is graceful and what is not.
<i>Holder.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to criticism or the critic's art; of the nature of a criticism; accurate; <as>as, <ex>critical</ex> knowledge; a <ex>critical</ex> dissertation.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Inclined to make nice distinctions, or to exercise careful judgment and selection; exact; nicely judicious.</def>

<blockquote>Virgil was so <b>critical</b> in the rites of religion. that he would never have brought in such prayers as these, if they had not been agreeable to the Roman customs.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Inclined to criticise or find fault; fastidious; captious; censorious; exacting.</def>

<blockquote>O gentle lady, do not put me to 't,
For I am nothing, if not <b>critical</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Characterized by thoroughness and a reference to principles, as becomes a critic; <as>as, a <ex>critical</ex> analysis of a subject</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <ety>[See <er>Crisis</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or indicating, a crisis, turning point, or specially important juncture; important as regards consequences; hence, of doubtful issue; attended with risk; dangerous; <as>as, the <ex>critical</ex> stage of a fever; a <ex>critical</ex> situation.</as></def>

<blockquote>Our circumstances are indeed <b>critical</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The small moment, the exact point, the <b>critical</b> minute, on which every good work so much depends.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Critical angle</col> <fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>that angle of incidence of a luminous ray at which it is wholly reflected, and no portion of it transmitted. The sine of this angle is the reciprocal of the refractive index of the medium.</cd> -- <col>Critical philosophy</col>, <cd>the metaphysical system of Kant; -- so called from his most important work, the "Critique of Pure Reason.</cd>" -- <col>Critical point</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>a certain temperature, different for different gases, but always the same for each gas, regarded as the limit above which no amount of pressure can produce condensation to a liquid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Critically</h1>
<Xpage=346>

<hw>Crit"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a critical manner; with nice discernment; accurately; exactly.</def>

<blockquote><b>Critically</b> to discern good writers from bad.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>At a crisis; at a critical time; in a situation. place, or condition of decisive consequence; <as>as, a fortification <ex>critically</ex> situated</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Coming <b>critically</b> the night before the session.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Criticalness</h1>
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<hw>Crit"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being critical, or of occurring at a critical time.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Accuracy in examination or decision; exactness.</def>

<h1>Critticaster</h1>
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<hw>Critt"ic*as`ter</hw> <tt>(kr?t"?k-?s`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A contemptible or vicious critic.</def>

<blockquote>The rancorous and reptile crew of poeticules, who decompose into <b>criticasters</b>.
<i>Swinburne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Criticisable</h1>
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<hw>Crit"i*cis`a*ble</hw> <tt>(kr?t"?-s?z`?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being criticised.</def>

<h1>Criticise</h1>
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<hw>Crit"i*cise</hw> <tt>(kr?t"?-s?z)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Criticised</er> <tt>(-s?zd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Criticising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Written also, more analogically, but less commonly, <ets>criticize</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[Cf. G.  <ets>kritisiren</ets>. See <er>Critic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To examine and judge as a critic; to pass literary or artistic judgment upon; <as>as, to <ex>criticise</ex> an author; to <ex>criticise</ex> a picture.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To express one's views as to the merit or demerit of; esp., to animadvert upon; to find fault with; <as>as, to <ex>criticise</ex> conduct</as>.</def>

<i>Blackwood's Mag.</i>

<h1>Criticise</h1>
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<hw>Crit"i*cise</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To act as a critic; to pass literary or artistic judgment; to play the critic; -- formerly used with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Several of these ladies, indeed, <b>criticised</b> upon the form of the association.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To discuss the merits or demerits of a thing or person; esp., to find fault.</def>

<blockquote>Cavil you may, but never <b>criticise</b>.
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Criticiser</h1>
<Xpage=346>

<hw>Crit"i*ci`ser</hw> <tt>(-s?`z?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who criticises; a critic.</def>

<h1>Criticism</h1>
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<hw>Crit"i*cism</hw> <tt>(kr?t"?-s?z'm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The rules and principles which regulate the practice of the critic; the art of judging with knowledge and propriety of the beauties and faults of a literary performance, or of a production in the fine arts; <as>as, dramatic <ex>criticism</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The elements of<b>criticism</b> depend on the two principles of Beauty and Truth, one of which is the final end or object of study in every one of its pursuits: Beauty, in letters and the arts; Truth, in history and sciences.
<i>Brande & C.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By <b>criticism</b>, as it was first instituted by Aristotle, was meant a standard of judging well.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of criticising; a critical judgment passed or expressed; a critical observation or detailed examination and review; a critique; animadversion; censure.</def>

<blockquote>About the plan of "Rasselas" little was said by the critics; and yet the faults of the plan might seem to invite severe <b>criticism</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Critique</h1>
<Xpage=346>

<hw>Cri*tique"</hw> <tt>(kr?-t?k")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>critique</ets>, f., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ (sc. <?/<?/<?/<?/) the critical art, from <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/. See <er>Critic</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of criticism.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>critic</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A critical examination or estimate of a work of literature or art; a critical dissertation or essay; a careful and through analysis of any subject; a criticism; <as>as, Kant's "<ex>Critique</ex> of Pure Reason</as>."</def>

<blockquote>I should as soon expect to see a <b>critique</b> on the poesy of a ring as on the inscription of a medal.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A critic; one who criticises.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A question among <b>critiques</b> in the ages to come.
<i>Bp. Lincoln.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Critique</h1>
<Xpage=346>

<hw>Cri*tique"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Critic</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>To criticise or pass judgment upon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Crizzel</h1>
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<hw>Criz"zel</hw> <tt>(kr?z"z'l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.  <ets>grizzle</ets> darkish gray, or G. <ets>griselig</ets> gravelly, granular, speckled.]</ety> <def>A kind of roughness on the surface of glass, which clouds its transparency.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>crizzeling</asp> and <asp>crizzle</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Croak</h1>
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<hw>Croak</hw> <tt>(kr?k)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Croaked</er>. (kr<?/kt); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Croaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From the primitive of AS.  <ets>cracettan</ets> to croak as a raven; akin to G.  <ets>kr<?/chzen</ets> to croak, and to E. <ets>creak</ets>, <ets>crake</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a low, hoarse noise in the throat, as a frog, a raven, or a crow; hence, to make any hoarse, dismal sound.</def>

<blockquote>Loud thunder to its bottom shook the bog,
And the hoarse nation <b>croaked</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To complain; especially, to grumble; to forebode evil; to utter complaints or forebodings habitually.</def>

<blockquote>Marat . . . <b>croaks</b> with reasonableness.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Croak</h1>
<Xpage=346>

<hw>Croak</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter in a low, hoarse voice; to announce by croaking; to forebode; <as>as, to <ex>croak</ex> disaster</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The raven himself is hoarse,
That <b>croaks</b> the fatal entrance of Duncan.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Two ravens now began to <b>croak</b>
Their nuptial song.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Croak</h1>
<Xpage=346>

<hw>Croak</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The coarse, harsh sound uttered by a frog or a raven, or a like sound.</def>

<h1>Croaker</h1>
<Xpage=346>

<hw>Croak"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who croaks, murmurs, grumbles, or complains unreasonably; one who habitually forebodes evil.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small American fish (<spn>Micropogon undulatus</spn>), of the Atlantic coast.</def> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An American fresh-water fish (<spn>Aplodinotus grunniens</spn>); -- called also <altname>drum</altname>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The surf fish of California.</def>

<note>&hand; When caught these fishes make a croaking sound; whence the name, which is often corrupted into <i>crocus</i>.</note>

<-- geography needs complete update! -->
<h1>Croat</h1>
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<hw>Cro"at</hw> <tt>(kr?"?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cravat</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native of Croatia, in Austria; esp., one of the native Slavic race.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An irregular soldier, generally from Croatia.</def>

<h1>Croatian</h1>
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<hw>Cro*a"tian</hw> <tt>(kr?-?"sh<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Croatia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A Croat.</def></def2>

<h1>Crocein</h1>
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<hw>Cro"ce*in</hw> <tt>(kr?"s?-?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Croceous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A name given to any one of several yellow or scarlet dyestuffs of artificial production and complex structure.  In general they are diazo and sulphonic acid derivatives of benzene and naphthol.</def>

<h1>Croceous</h1>
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<hw>Cro"ceous</hw> <tt>(kr?"sh?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>croceus</ets>, fr.  <ets>crocus</ets> saffron.  See <er>Crocus</er>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or like, saffron; deep reddish yellow.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Crocetin</h1>
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<hw>Cro"ce*tin</hw> <tt>(kr?"s?-t?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A dyestuff, obtained from the Chinese croicin, which produces a brilliant yellow.</def>

<h1>Croche</h1>
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<hw>Croche</hw> <tt>(kr?ch)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>croche</ets>, equiv. to F. <ets>crochet</ets>, <ets>croc</ets>, hook. See <er>Crotchet</er>, <er>Crook</er>.]</ety> <def>A little bud or knob at the top of a deer's antler.</def>

<h1>Crochet</h1>
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<hw>Cro*chet"</hw> <tt>(kr?-sh?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>crochet</ets> small hook. See <er>Croche</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of knitting done by means of a hooked needle, with worsted, silk, or cotton; crochet work. Commonly used adjectively.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Crochet hook</col>, <col>Crochet needle</col><mcol>, <cd>a small hook, or a hooked needle (often of bone), used in crochet work.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crochet</h1>
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<hw>Cro*chet"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Crocheted</er> <tt>(sh?d")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crocheting</er> <tt>(-sh?"?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To knit with a crochet needle or hook; <as>as, to <ex>rochett</ex> a shawl</as>.</def>

<h1>Crociary</h1>
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<hw>Cro"ci*a*ry</hw> <tt>(kr?"sh?-?-r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Crosier</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One who carries the cross before an archbishop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Crocidolite</h1>
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<hw>Cro*cid"o*lite</hw> <tt>(kr?-s?d"?-l?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>kroky`s</grk> nap on cloth + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occuring in silky fibers of a lavender blue color. It is related to hornblende and is essentially a silicate of iron and soda; -- called also <altname>blue asbestus</altname>. A silicified form, in which the fibers penetrating quartz are changed to oxide of iron, is the yellow brown <stype>tiger-eye</stype> of the jewelers.</def>

<h1>Crocin</h1>
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<hw>Cro"cin</hw> <tt>(kr?"s?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ saffron.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The coloring matter of Chinese yellow pods, the fruit of <spn>Gardenia grandiflora</spn>.</def> <i>Watts</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A red powder (called also <altname>polychroite</altname>), which is made from the saffron (<spn>Crocus sativus</spn>). See <er>Polychroite</er>.</def>

<h1>Crock</h1>
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<hw>Crock</hw> <tt>(kr?k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>croeg</ets> cover, Scot.  <ets>crochit</ets> covered.]</ety> <def>The loose black particles collected from combustion, as on pots and kettles, or in a chimney; soot; smut; also, coloring matter which rubs off from cloth.</def>

<h1>Crock</h1>
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<hw>Crock</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Crocked</er> <tt>(kr?kt)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crocking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To soil by contact, as with soot, or with the coloring matter of badly dyed cloth.</def>

<h1>Crock</h1>
<Xpage=346>

<hw>Crock</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To give off crock or smut.</def>

<h1>Crock</h1>
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<hw>Crock</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A low stool.</def> "I . . . seated her upon a little <i>crock</i>."

<i>Tatler.</i>

<h1>Crock</h1>
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<hw>Crock</hw> <tt>(kr?k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.  <ets>croc</ets>, <ets>croca</ets>, <ets>crog</ets>, <ets>croh</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kruik</ets>, G. <ets>krug</ets>, Icel.  <ets>krukka</ets>, Dan. <ets>krukke</ets>, Sw. <ets>kruka</ets>; but cf. W. <ets>crwc</ets> bucket, pail, <ets>crochan</ets> pot, <ets>cregen</ets> earthen vessel, jar. Cf. <er>Cruet</er>.]</ety> <def>Any piece of crockery, especially of coarse earthenware; an earthen pot or pitcher.</def>

<blockquote>Like foolish flies about an honey <b>crock</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crock</h1>
<Xpage=346>

<hw>Crock</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lay up in a crock; <as>as, to <ex>crock</ex> butter</as>.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Crocker</h1>
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<hw>Crock"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A potter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Crockery</h1>
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<hw>Crock"er*y</hw> <tt>( kr?k"?r-?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Crock</er> an earthen vessel.]</ety> <def>Earthenware; vessels formed of baked clay, especially the coarser kinds.</def>

<h1>Crocket</h1>
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<hw>Crock"et</hw> <tt>(kr?k"?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.  <ets>croquet</ets>, F.  <ets>crochet</ets>, dim. of <ets>croc</ets> hook. See <er>Crook</er>, and cf. <er>Crotchet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament often resembling curved and bent foliage, projecting from the sloping edge of a gable, spire, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A croche, or knob, on the top of a stag's antler.</def>

<blockquote>The antlers and the <b>crockets</b>.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crocketed</h1>
<Xpage=346>

<hw>Crock"et*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Ornamented with crockets.</def>

<h1>Crocketing</h1>
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<hw>Crock"et*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Ornamentation with crockets.</def>

<i>Ruskin.</i>

<h1>Crocky</h1>
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<hw>Crock"y</hw> <tt>(-?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Crock</er> soot.]</ety> <def>Smutty.</def>

<h1>Crocodile</h1>
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<hw>Croc"o*dile</hw> <tt>(kr?k"?-d?l; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>crocodilus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/: cf. F. <ets>crocodile</ets>. Cf.  <er>Cookatrice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large reptile of the genus <spn>Crocodilus</spn>, of several species. They grow to the length of sixteen or eighteen feet, and inhabit the large rivers of Africa, Asia, and America. The eggs, laid in the sand, are hatched by the sun's heat. The best known species is that of the Nile (<spn>C. vulgaris</spn>, or <spn>C. Niloticus</spn>). The Florida crocodile (<spn>C. Americanus</spn>) is much less common than the alligator and has longer jaws. The name is also sometimes applied to the species of other related genera, as the gavial and the alligator.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A fallacious dilemma, mythically supposed to have been first used by a crocodile.</def>

<cs><col>Crocodile bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an African plover (<spn>Pluvianus \'91gypticus</spn>) which alights upon the crocodile and devours its insect parasites, even entering its open mouth (according to reliable writers) in pursuit of files, etc.; -- called also <altname>Nile bird</altname>. It is the <altname>trochilos</altname> of ancient writers.</cd> -- <col>Crocodile tears</col>, <cd>false or affected tears; hypocritical sorrow; -- derived from the fiction of old travelers, that crocodiles shed tears over their prey.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crocodilia</h1>
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<hw>Croc`o*dil"i*a</hw> <tt>(-d?l"?-?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>crocodilus</ets> crocodile.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of reptiles including the crocodiles, gavials, alligators, and many extinct kinds.</def>

<h1>Crocodilian</h1>
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<hw>Croc`o*dil"i*an</hw> <tt>(kr?k`?-d?l"?-a]/>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or pertaining to, the crocodile; characteristic of the crocodile.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Crocodilia.</def></def2>

<h1>Crocodility</h1>
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<hw>Croc`o*dil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(-?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A caption or sophistical mode of arguing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Crocoisite</h1>
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<hw>Cro"cois*ite</hw> <tt>(kr?"kois-?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>croco<?/se</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</def>

<h1>Crocoite</h1>
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<hw>Cro"co*ite</hw> <tt>(kr?"k?-?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ saffron.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Lead chromate occuring in crystals of a bright hyacinth red color; -- called also <altname>red lead ore</altname>.</def>

<h1>Croconate</h1>
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<hw>Cro"con*ate</hw> <tt>(kr?"k?n-?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt formed by the union of croconic acid with a base.</def>

<h1>Croconic</h1>
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<hw>Cro*con"ic</hw> <tt>(kr?-k?n"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ saffron.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling saffron; having the color of saffron; <as>as, <ex>croconic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, croconic acid.</def>

<hr>
<page="347">
Page 347<p>

<cs><col>Croconic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a yellow crystalline substance, <chform>C5O3(OH)2</chform>, obtained from potassium carboxide, rhodizonic acid, and various phenol and quinone derivatives of benzene, and forming yellow or orange colored salts.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crocose</h1>
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<hw>Cro"cose</hw> <tt>(kr?"k?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ saffron.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline sugar, metameric with glucose, obtained from the coloring matter of saffron.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>crokose</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Crocus</h1>
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<hw>Cro"cus</hw> <tt>(kr?"k?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., saffron, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/; cf. Heb.  <ets>kark<?/m</ets>, Ar.  <ets>kurkum</ets>, Skr.  <ets>ku<?/kuma</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of iridaceous plants, with pretty blossoms rising separately from the bulb or corm. <spn>C. vernus</spn> is one of the earliest of spring-blooming flowers; <spn>C. sativus</spn> produces the saffron, and blossoms in the autumn.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A deep yellow powder; the oxide of some metal calcined to a red or deep yellow color; esp., the oxide of iron (<i>Crocus of Mars</i> or <i>colcothar</i>) thus produced from salts of irron, and used as a polishing powder.</def>

<cs><col>Crocus of Venus</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>oxide of copper.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cr\'d2sus</h1>
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<hw>Cr\'d2"sus</hw> <tt>(kr?"s?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. G. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>A king of Lydia who flourished in the 6th century <sc>b. c.</sc>, and was renowned for his vast wealth; hence, a common appellation for a very rich man; <as>as, he is veritable <ex>Cr\'d2sus</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Croft</h1>
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<hw>Croft</hw> <tt>(kr?ft; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.  <ets>croft</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kroft</ets> hillock; cf. Gael. <ets>croit</ets> hump, croft.]</ety> <def>A small, inclosed field, adjoining a house; a small farm.</def>

<blockquote>A few small <b>crofts</b> of stone-encumbered ground.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crofter</h1>
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<hw>Croft"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rents and tills a small farm or helding; <as>as, the <ex>crofters</ex> of Scotland</as>.</def>

<h1>Crefting</h1>
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<hw>Creft"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Croftland.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Textile Manuf.)</fld> <def>Exposing linen to the sun, on the grass, in the process of bleaching.</def>

<h1>Croftland</h1>
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<hw>Croft"land</hw> <tt>(-l?nd)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Land of superior quality, on which successive crops are raised.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Crois</h1>
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<hw>Crois</hw> <tt>(krois)</tt>.  <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.]</ety> <def>See <er>Cross</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Croisade kroi-sd, Croisado</h1>
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<hw><hw>Croi*sade"</hw> <tt>(kroi-s?d")</tt>, <hw>Croi*sa"do</hw> <tt>(-s?"d?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>criosade</ets>. See <er>Crusade</er>.]</ety> <def>A holy war; a crusade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Croise</h1>
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<hw>Croise</hw> <tt>(krois)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>crois<?/</ets> crusader, fr. OF.  <ets>crois</ets>, F.  <ets>croix</ets>, cross. See <er>Cross</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pilgrim bearing or wearing a cross.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A crusader.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The conquesta of the <b>croises</b> extending over Palestine.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Croissante</h1>
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<hw>Crois`san`te"</hw> <tt>(krw?`s?n`t?")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>croissant</ets>, adj. & <ets>n.</ets>, crescent.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Terminated with crescent; -- said of a cross the ends of which are so terminated.</def>

<h1>Croker</h1>
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<hw>Cro"ker</hw> <tt>(kr?"k?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ saffron.]</ety> <def>A cultivator of saffron; a dealer in saffron.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Croma</h1>
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<hw>Cro"ma</hw> <tt>(kr?"m?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A quaver.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cromlech</h1>
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<hw>Crom"lech</hw> <tt>(kr?m"l\'b5k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W.  <ets>cromlech</ets>; <ets>crom</ets> bending or bent, concave + <ets>llech</ets> a flat stone; akin to Ir. <ets>cromleac</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch<?/ol.)</fld> <def>A monument of rough stones composed of one or more large ones supported in a horizontal position upon others. They are found chiefly in countris inhabited by the ancient Celts, and are of a period anterior to the introduction of Christianity into these countries.</def>

<h1>Cromorna</h1>
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<hw>Cro*mor"na</hw> <tt>(kr?-m?r"n?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>cromorne</ets> (cf. It. <ets>cromorno</ets>0, fr. G.  <ets>krummhorn</ets> crooked horn, cornet, an organ pipe turned like a trumpet; <ets>krumm</ets> crooked + <ets>horn</ets> horn.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A certain reed stop in the organ, of a quality of tone resembling that of the oboe.</def> <altsp>[Corruptly written <asp>cromona</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Crone</h1>
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<hw>Crone</hw> <tt>(kr?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OD.  <ets>kronie</ets>, <ets>karonie</ets>, an old sheep, OF. <ets>carogne</ets>, F.  <ets>charogne</ets>, carrion (also F.  <ets>carogne</ets> illnatured woman.). See <er>Carrion</er>, and <er>Crony</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An old ewe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An old woman; -- usually in contempt.</def>

<blockquote>But still the <b>crone</b> was constant to her note.
<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An old man; especially, a man who talks and acts like an old woman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The old <b>crone</b> [a negro man] lived in a hovel, . . . which his master had given him.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A few old battered <b>crones</b> of office.
<i>Beaconsfield.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cronel</h1>
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<hw>Cro"nel</hw> <tt>(kr?"n?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Coronel</er> spearhead, <er>Crown</er>.]</ety> <def>The iron head of a tilting spear.</def>

<h1>Cronet</h1>
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<hw>Cro"net</hw> <tt>(kr?"n?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Coronet</er>, <er>Crownet</er>.]</ety> <def>The coronet of a horse.</def>

<h1>Cronian</h1>
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<hw>Cro"ni*an</hw> <tt>(kr?"n?-a]/>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ Saturnian, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ Saturn.]</ety> <def>Saturnian; -- applied to the North Polar Sea.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Cronstedtite</h1>
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<hw>Cron"stedt*ite</hw> <tt>(kr?n"st?t-?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral consisting principally of silicate of iron, and crystallizing in hexagonal prisms with perfect basal cleavage; -- so named from the Swedish mineralogist <i>Cronstedt</i>.</def>

<h1>Crony</h1>
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<hw>Cro"ny</hw> <tt>(kr?"n?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cronies</plw> <tt>(-n<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Orig., an old woman. See <er>Crone</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A crone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Marry not an old <i>crony</i>."

<i>Burton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An intimate companion; a familiar frend</def>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>He soon found his former <b>cronies</b>, though all rather the worse for the wear and tear of time.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Croodle</h1>
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<hw>Croo"dle</hw> <tt>(kr??"d'l)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cruddle</er>, <er>Crudle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cower or cuddle together, as from fear or cold; to lie close and snug together, as pigs in straw.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright. Forby.</i>

<blockquote>A dove to fly home her nest and <b>croodle</b> there.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fawn or coax.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To coo.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Crook</h1>
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<hw>Crook</hw> <tt>(kr??k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>crok</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>kr<?/k</ets> hook,bend, SW. <ets>krok</ets>, Dan. <ets>krog</ets>, OD. <ets>krooke</ets>; or cf. Gael. <ets>crecan</ets> crook, hook, W. <ets>crwca</ets> crooked. Cf. <er>Crosier</er>, <er>Crotchet</er>, <er>Crutch</er>, <er>Encroach</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bend, turn, or curve; curvature; flexure.</def>

<blockquote>Through lanes, and <b>crooks</b>, and darkness.
<i>Phaer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any implement having a bent or crooked end. Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> The staff used by a shepherd, the hook of which serves to hold a runaway sheep. <sd>(b)</sd> A bishop's staff of office. Cf. <er>Pastoral stafu</er>.</def>

<blockquote>He left his <b>crook</b>, he left <b>his flocks</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pothook.</def> "As black as the <i>crook</i>."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An artifice; trick; tricky device; subterfuge.</def>

<blockquote>For all yuor brags, hooks, and <b>crooks</b>.
<i>Cranmer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A small tube, usually curved, applied to a trumpet, horn, etc., to change its pitch or key.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A person given to fraudulent practices; an accomplice of thieves, forgers, etc.</def> <mark>[Cant, U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>By hook or by crook</col>, <cd>in some way or other; by fair means or foul.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crook</h1>
<Xpage=347>

<hw>Crook</hw> <tt>(kr??k)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crooked</er> <tt>(kr??kt)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crooking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>croken</ets>; cf. Sw.  <ets>kr<?/ka</ets>, Dan. <ets>kr<?/ge</ets>. See Crook, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To turn from a straight line; to bend; to curve.</def>

<blockquote><b>Crook</b> the pregnant hinges of the knee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To turn from the path of rectitude; to pervert; to misapply; to twist.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>There is no one thing that <b>crooks</b> youth more than such unlawfull games.
<i>Ascham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What soever affairs pass such a man's hands, he <b>crooketh</b> them to his own ends.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crook</h1>
<Xpage=347>

<hw>Crook</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To bend; to curve; to wind; to have a curvature.</def> " The port . . .  <i>crooketh</i> like a bow."

<i>Phaer.</i>

<blockquote>Their shoes and pattens are snouted, and piked more than a finger long, <b>crooking</b> upwards.
<i>Camden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crookback</h1>
<Xpage=347>

<hw>Crook"back`</hw> <tt>(kr??k"b?k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A crooked back; one who has a crooked or deformed back; a hunchback.</def>

<h1>Crookack</h1>
<Xpage=347>

<hw>Crook"ack`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hunched.</def>

<i>Shak. `</i>

<h1>Crookbill</h1>
<Xpage=347>

<hw>Crook"bill`</hw> <tt>( -b?l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A New Zealand plover (<spn>Anarhynchus frontalis</spn>), remarkable for having the end of the beak abruptly bent to the right.</def>

<h1>Crooked</h1>
<Xpage=347>

<hw>Crook"ed</hw> <tt>(kr??k"?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Characterized by a crook or curve; not straight; turning; bent; twisted; deformed.</def> "<i>Crooked</i> paths."

<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>he is deformed, <b>crooked</b>, old, and sere.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not straightforward; deviating from rectitude; distorted from the right.</def>

<blockquote>They are a perverse and <b>crooked</b> generation.
<i>Deut. xxxii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>False; dishonest; fraudulent; <as>as, <ex>crooked</ex> dealings</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Crooked whisky</col>, <cd>whisky on wich the paiment of duty has been fraudulently evaded. <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Barlett.</i>

<h1>Crookedly</h1>
<Xpage=347>

<hw>Crook"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a curved or crooked manner; in a perverse or untoward manner.</def>

<h1>Crookedness</h1>
<Xpage=347>

<hw>Crook"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or quality of being crooked; hence, deformity of body or of mind; deviation from moral rectitude; perverseness.</def>

<h1>Crooken</h1>
<Xpage=347>

<hw>Crook"en</hw> <tt>(kr??k"'n)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make crooked.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Crookes tube</h1>
<Xpage=347>

<hw>Crookes" tube`</hw> <tt>(kr??ks" t?b`)</tt>. <fld>(Phys.)</fld> <def>A vacuum tube in which the exhaustion is carried to a very high degree, with the production of a distinct class of effects; -- so called from W. <i>Crookes</i> who introduced it.</def>

<h1>Croon</h1>
<Xpage=347>

<hw>Croon</hw> <tt>(kr??n)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>croinen</ets>, cf. D.  <ets>kreunen</ets> to moan. <?/24.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a continuous hollow moan, as cattle do when in pain.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hum or sing in a low tone; to murmur softly.</def>

<blockquote>Here an old grandmother was <b>crooning</b> over a sick child, and rocking it to and fro.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Croon</h1>
<Xpage=347>

<hw>Croon</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crooned</er> <tt>(kr??nd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crooning</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sing in a low tone, as if to one's self; to hum.</def>

<blockquote>Hearing such stanzas <b>crooned</b> in her praise.
<i>C. Bront<?/.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To soothe by singing softly.</def>

<blockquote>The fragment of the childish hymn with which he sung and <b>crooned</b> himself asleep.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Croon</h1>
<Xpage=347>

<hw>Croon</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A low, continued moan; a murmur.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A low singing; a plain, artless melody.</def>

<h1>Crop</h1>
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<hw>Crop</hw> <tt>(kr?p)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.  <ets>crop</ets>, <ets>croppe</ets>, craw, top of a plant, harvest, AS.  <ets>crop</ets>, <ets>cropp</ets>, craw, top, bunch, ear of corn; akin to D. <ets>krop</ets> craw, G. <ets>kropf</ets>, Icel. <ets>kroppr</ets> hump or bunch on the body, body; but cf. also W. <ets>cropa</ets>, <ets>croppa</ets>, crop or craw of a bird, Ir. & Gael.  <ets>sgroban</ets>. Cf.  <er>Croup</er>, <er>Crupper</er>, <er>Croup</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The pouchlike enlargement of the gullet of birds, serving as a receptacle for food; the craw.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The top, end, or highest part of anything, especially of a plant or tree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Crop</i> and root."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is cropped, cut, or gathered from a single felld, or of a single kind of grain or fruit, or in a single season; especially, the product of what is planted in the earth; fruit; harvest.</def>

<blockquote>Lab'ring the soil, and reaping plenteous <b>crop</b>,
Corn, wine, and oil.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Grain or other product of the field while standing.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Anything cut off or gathered.</def>

<blockquote>Guiltless of steel, and from the razor free,
It falls a plenteous <b>crop</b> reserved for thee.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Hair cut close or short, or the act or style of so cutting; <as>as, a convict's <ex>crop</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A projecting ornament in carved stone. Specifically, a finial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Tin ore prepared for smelting.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Outcrop of a vein or seam at the surface.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A riding whip with a loop instead of a lash.</def>

<cs><col>Neck and crop</col>, <cd>altogether; roughly and at once. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Crop</h1>
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<hw>Crop</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cropped</er> <tt>(kr?pt)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cropping</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut off the tops or tips of; to bite or pull off; to browse; to pluck; to mow; to reap.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>crop</b> off from the top of his young twigs a tender one.
<i>Ezek. xvii. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To cut off, as if in harvest.</def>

<blockquote>Death . . . .<b>crops</b> the growing boys.

<i>Creech.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to bear a crop; <as>as, to <ex>crop</ex> a field</as>.</def>

<h1>Crop</h1>
<Xpage=347>

<hw>Crop</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To yield harvest.</def>

<cs><col>To crop out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>To appear above the surface, as a seam or vein, or inclined bed, as of coal.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To come to light; to be manifest; to appear; as, the peculiarities of an author <i>crop out</i>.</cd> -- <col>To crop up</col>, <cd>to sprout; to spring up. "Cares <i>crop up</i> in villas."</cd></cs>

<i>Beaconsfield.</i>

<h1>Crop-ear</h1>
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<hw>Crop"-ear`</hw> <tt>(kr?p"?r`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person or animal whose ears are cropped.</def>

<h1>Crop-eared</h1>
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<hw>Crop"-eared`</hw> <tt>(kr?p"?rd`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the ears cropped.</def>

<h1>Cropful</h1>
<Xpage=347>

<hw>Crop"ful</hw> <tt>(-f?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a full crop or belly; satiated.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Cropper</h1>
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<hw>Crop"per</hw> <tt>(kr?p"p?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One that crops.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A variety of pigeon with a large crop; a pouter.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A machine for cropping, as for shearing off bolts or rod iron, or for facing cloth.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A fall on one's head when riding at full speed, as in hunting; hence, a sudden failure or collapse.</def> <mark>[Slang.]</mark>

<h1>Cropsick</h1>
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<hw>Crop"sick`</hw> <tt>(kr?"s?k`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sick from excess in eating or drinking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Cropsick</i> drunkards." <i>Tate</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Crop"sick`ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Whitlock.</i></wordforms>

<h1>Crop-tailed</h1>
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<hw>Crop"-tailed`</hw> <tt>(-t?ld`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the tail cropped.</def>

<h1>Croquet</h1>
<Xpage=347>

<hw>Cro*quet"</hw> <tt>(kr?-k?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From French; cf. Walloon <ets>croque</ets> blow, fillip. F. <ets>croquet</ets> a crisp biscuit, <ets>croquer</ets> to crunch, fr.  <ets>croc</ets> a crackling sound, of imitative origin. <ets>Croquet</ets> then properly meant a smart tap on the ball.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An open-air game in which two or more players endeavor to drive wooden balls, by means of mallets, through a series of hoops or arches set in the ground according to some pattern.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of croqueting.</def>

<h1>Croquet</h1>
<Xpage=347>

<hw>Cro*quet"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Croqueted</er> <tt>(-k?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Croqueting</er> <tt>(-k?"?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>In the game of croquet, to drive away an opponent's ball, after putting one's own in contact with it, by striking one's own ball with the mallet.</def>

<h1>Cro-quette</h1>
<Xpage=347>

<hw>Cro-quette"</hw> <tt>(kr?-k?t")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr.  <ets>croquer</ets> to crunch.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A ball of minced meat, fowl, rice, or other ingredients, highly seasoned, and fried.</def>

<h1>Crore</h1>
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<hw>Crore</hw> <tt>(kr?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>karor</ets>, Skr.  <ets>koTi</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ten millions; <as>as, a <ex>crore</ex> of rupees (which is nearly $5,000,000)</as>.</def> <mark>[East Indies]</mark>

<i>Malcolm.</i>

<h1>Crosier</h1>
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<hw>Cro"sier</hw> <tt>(kr?"zh?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>rocer</ets>, <ets>croser</ets>, <ets>croyser</ets>, fr.  <ets>croce</ets> crosier, OF.  <ets>croce</ets>, <ets>croche</ets>, F.  <ets>crosse</ets>, fr. LL.  <ets>crocea</ets>, <ets>crocia</ets>, from the same German or Celtic sourse as F. <ets>croc</ets> hook; akin to E. <ets>crook</ets>.]</ety> <def>The pastoral staff of a bishop (also of an archbishop, being the symbol of his office as a shepherd of the flock of God.</def>

<note>&hand; The true shape of the <i>crosier</i> was with a hooked or curved top; the archbishop's staff alone bore a cross instead of a crook, and was of exceptional, not of regular form.</note>

<i>Skeat.</i>

<h1>Crosiered</h1>
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<hw>Cro"siered</hw> <tt>(-zh?rd)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bearing a crosier.</def>

<h1>Croslet</h1>
<Xpage=347>

<hw>Cros"let</hw> <tt>(kr?s"l?t; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Crosslet</er>.</def>

<h1>Cross</h1>
<Xpage=347>

<hw>Cross</hw> <tt>(kr?s; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>crois</ets>, <ets>croys</ets>, <ets>cros</ets>; the former fr. OF.  <ets>crois</ets>, <ets>croiz</ets>, F.  <ets>croix</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>crux</ets>; the second is perh. directly fr. Prov.  <ets>cros</ets>, <ets>crotz</ets>. fr. the same L.  <ets>crux</ets>; cf. Icel.  <ets>kross</ets>. Cf. <er>Crucial</er>, <er>Crusade</er>, <er>Cruise</er>, <er>Crux</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A gibbet, cosisting of two pieces of timber placed transversely upon one another, in various forms, as a <universbold>T</universbold>, or +, with the horizontal piece below the upper end of the upright, or as an <universbold>X</universbold>. It was anciently used in the execution of criminals.</def>

<blockquote>Nailed to the <b>cross</b>
By his own nation.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sign or mark of the cross, made with the finger, or in ink, etc., or actually represented in some material; the symbol of Christ's death; the ensign and chosen symbol of Christianity, of a Christian people, and of Christendom.</def>

<blockquote>The custom of making the sign of the <b>cross</b> with the hand or finger, as a means of conferring blessing or preserving from evil, is very old.
<i>Schaff-Herzog Encyc.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Before the <b>cross</b> has waned the crescent's ray.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Tis where the <b>cross</b> is preached.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Affiction regarded as a test of patience or virtue; trial; disappointment; opposition; misfortune.</def>

<blockquote>Heaven prepares a good man with <b>crosses</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A piece of money stamped with the figure of a cross, also, that side of such a piece on which the cross is stamped; hence, money in general.</def>

<blockquote>I should bear no <b>cross</b> if I did bear you; for I think you have no money in your purse.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An appendage or ornament or anything in the form of a cross; a badge or ornamental device of the general shape of a cross; hence, such an ornament, even when varying considerably from that form; thus, the Cross of the British Order of St. George and St. Michael consist of a central medallion with seven arms radiating from it.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A monument in the form of a cross, or surmounted bu a cross, set up in a public place; <as>as, a market <ex>cross</ex>; a boundary <ex>cross</ex>; Charing <ex>Cross</ex> in London.</as></def>

<blockquote>Dun-Edin's <b>Cross</b>, a pillared stone,
Rose on a turret octagon.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A common heraldic bearing, of which there are many varieties. See the Illustration, above.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The crosslike mark or symbol used instead of a signature by those unable to write.</def>

<blockquote>Five Kentish abbesses . . . .subscribed their names and <b>crosses</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Church lands.</def> <mark>[Ireland]</mark> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir J. Davies.</i>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>A line drawn across or through another line.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Hence: A mixing of breeds or stock, especially in cattle breeding; or the product of such intermixture; a hybrid of any kind.</def>

<blockquote> Toning down the ancient Viking into a sort of a <b>cross</b> between Paul Jones and Jeremy Diddler.
<i>Lord Dufferin.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="348">
Page 348<p>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Surveying)</fld> <def>An instrument for laying of offsets perpendicular to the main course.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A pipe-fitting with four branches the axes of which usually form's right angle.</def>

<cs><col>Cross and pile</col>, <cd>a game with money, at which it is put to chance whether a coin shall fall with that side up which bears the cross, or the other, which is called <i>pile</i>, or <i>reverse</i>; the game called <i>heads or tails</i>.</cd> -- <col>Cross bottony</col> &or; <col>botton\'82</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bottony</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cross estoil\'82</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>. <cd>a cross, each of whose arms is pointed like the ray of a star; that is, a star having four long points only.</cd> -- <col>Cross of Calvary</col>. <cd>See <er>Calvary</er>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Southern cross</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Southern</er>.</cd> -- <col>To do a thing on the cross</col>, <cd>to act dishonestly; -- opposed to acting <i>on the square</i>.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>To take up the cross</col>, <cd>to bear troubles and afflictions with patience from love to Christ.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cross</h1>
<Xpage=348>

<hw>Cross</hw> <tt>(kr?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not parallel; lying or falling athwart; transverse; oblique; intersecting.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>cross</b> refraction of the second prism.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not accordant with what is wished or expected; interrupting; adverse; contrary; thwarting; perverse.</def> "A <i>cross</i> fortune."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>cross</b> and unlucky issue of my design.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The article of the resurrection seems to lie marvelously <b>cross</b> to the common experience of mankind.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We are both love's captives, but with fates so <b>cross</b>,
One must be happy by the other's loss.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Characterized by, or in a state of, peevishness, fretfullness, or ill humor; <as>as, a <ex>cross</ex> man or woman</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He had received a <b>cross</b> answer from his mistress.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Made in an opposite direction, or an inverse relation; mutually inverse; interchanged; <as>as, <ex>cross</ex> interrogatories; <ex>cross</ex> marriages, as when a brother and sister marry persons standing in the same relation to each other.</as></def>

<cs><col>Cross action</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an action brought by a party who is sued against the person who has sued him, upon the same subject matter, as upon the same contract. <i>Burrill</i>.</cd> -- <col>Cross aisle</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a transept; the lateral divisions of a cruciform church.</cd> -- <col>Cross axie</col>.  <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <cd>A shaft, windlass, or roller, worked by levers at opposite ends, as in the copperplate printing press. <sd>(b)</sd> A driving axle.  with cranks set at an angle of 90&deg; with each other.</cd> -- <col>Cross bedding</col> <fld>(Geol.</cd>)</fld>, <cd>oblique lamination of horizontal beds, -- <col>Cross bill</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Cross bitt</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Crosspiece</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cross bond</col>, <cd>a form of bricklaying, in which the joints of one stretcher course come midway between those of the stretcher courses above and below, a course of headers and stretchers intervening. See <er>Bond</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 8.</cd> -- <col>Cross breed</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Cross breeding</col>. <cd>See under <er>Breeding</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cross buttock</col>, <cd>a particular throw in wrestling; hence, an unexpected defeat or repulse.</cd> <i>Smollet</i>. -- <col>Cross country</col>, <cd>across the country; not by the road.</cd> "The <i>cross-country</i> ride." <i>Cowper</i>. -- <col>Cross fertilization</col>, <cd>the fertilization of the female products of one physiological individual by the male products of another, -- as the fertilization of the ovules of one plant by pollen from another. See <er>Fertilization</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cross file</col>, <cd>a double convex file, used in dressing out the arms or crosses of fine wheells.</cd> --  <col>Cross fire</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>lines of fire, from two or more points or places, crossing each other.</cd> -- <col>Cross forked</col>. <fld>(Her.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Forked</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cross frog</col>. <cd>See under <er>Frog</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cross furrow</col>, <cd>a furrow or trench cut across other furrows to receive the water running in them and conduct it to the side of the field.</cd> -- <col>Cross handle</col>, <cd>a handle attached transversely to the axis of a tool, as in the augur.</cd> <i>Knight</i>. -- <col>Cross lode</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a vein intersecting the true or principal lode.</cd> -- <col>Cross purpose</col>. <cd>See <er>Cross-purpose</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Cross reference</col>, <cd>a reference made from one part of a book or register to another part, where the same or an allied subject is treated of.</cd> -- <col>Cross sea</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a chopping sea, in which the waves run in contrary directions.</cd> -- <col>Cross stroke</col>, <cd>a line or stroke across something, as across the letter <i>t</i>.</cd> -- <col>Cross wind</col>, <cd>a side wind; an unfavorable wind.</cd> -- <col>Cross wires</col>, <cd>fine wires made to traverse the field of view in a telescope, and moved by a screw with a graduated head, used for delicate astronomical observations; spider lines. Fixed <i>cross wires</i> are also used in microscopes, etc.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Fretful; peevish. See <er>Fretful</er>.</syn>

<h1>Cross</h1>
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<hw>Cross</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Athwart; across. <mark>[Archaic or Colloq.]</mark> A fox was taking a walk one night <i>cross</i> a village.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<cs><col>To go cross lots</col>, <cd>to go across the fields; totake a short cut. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Cross</h1>
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<hw>Cross</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crossed</er> <tt>(kr?st; 115)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crossing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put across or athwart; to cause to intersect; <as>as, to <ex>cross</ex> the arms</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lay or draw something, as a line, across; <as>as, to <ex>cross</ex> the letter <it>t</it></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pass from one side to the other of; to pass or move over; to traverse; <as>as, to <ex>cross</ex> a stream</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A hunted hare . . . <b>crosses</b> and confounds her former track.
<i> I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To pass, as objects going in an opposite direction at the same time.</def> "Your kind letter <i>crossed</i> mine."

<i>J. D. Forbes.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To run counter to; to thwart; to obstruct; to hinder; to clash or interfere with.</def>

<blockquote>In each thing give him way; <b>cross</b> him in nothing.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An oyster may be <b>crossed</b> onlove.
<i> Sheridan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To interfere and cut off; to debar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>cross</b> me from the golden time I look for.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To make the sign of the cross upon; -- followed by the reflexive pronoun; <as>as, he <ex>crossed</ex> himself</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To cancel by marking crosses on or over, or drawing a line across; to erase; -- usually with <i>out</i>, <i>off</i>, or <i>over</i>; <as>as, to <ex>cross</ex> out a name</as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To cause to interbreed; -- said of different stoocks or races; to mix the breed of.</def>

<cs><col>To cross one's path</col>, <cd>to oppose one's plans.</cd></cs>

<i> Macualay.</i>

<h1>Cross</h1>
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<hw>Cross</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lie or be athwart.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move or pass from one side to the other, or from place to place; to make a transit; <as>as, to <ex>cross</ex> from New York to Liverpool</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be inconsistent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Men's actions do not always <b>cross</b> with reason.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To interbreed, as races; to mix distinct breeds.</def>

<blockquote>If two individuals of distinct races <b>cross</b>, a third is invariably produced different from either.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cross-armed</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-armed`</hw> <tt>(kr?s"?rmd)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>With arms crossed.</def>

<h1>Cross-banded</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-band`ed</hw> <tt>(-b?nd`?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>A term used when a narrow ribbon of veneer is inserted into the surfase of any piece of furniture, wainscoting, etc., so that the grain of it is contrary to the general surface.</def>

<h1>Crossbar</h1>
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<hw>Cross"bar`</hw> <tt>(-b?r`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A transverse bar or piece, as a bar across a door, or as the iron bar or stock which passes through the shank of an anchor to insure its turning fluke down.</def>

<i>Russell.</i>

<cs><col>Crossbar shot</col>, <cd>a projectile which folds into a sphere for loading, but on leaving the gun expands to a cross with a quarter ball at the end of each arm; -- used in naval actions for cutting the enemy's rigging.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crossbarred</h1>
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<hw>Cross"barred`</hw> <tt>(-b?rd`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Secured by, or furnished with, crossbars.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Made or patterned in lines crossing each other; <as>as, <ex>crossbarred</ex> muslin</as>.</def>

<h1>Crossbeak</h1>
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<hw>Cross"beak`</hw> <tt>(-b?k`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Crossbill</er>.</def>

<h1>Crossbeam</h1>
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<hw>Cross"beam`</hw> <tt>(-b?m`)</tt>.  <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A girder.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A beam laid across the bitts, to which the cable is fastened when riding at anchor.</def>

<h1>Cross-bearer</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-bear`er</hw> <tt>(-b?r`?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>A subdeacon who bears a cross before an archbishop or primate on solemn occasions.</def>

<h1>Crossbill</h1>
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<hw>Cross"bill`</hw> <tt>(-b?l`)</tt>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A bill brought by a defendant, in an equity or chancery suit, against the plaintiff, respecting the matter in question in that suit.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<note>&hand; In criminal practice, <i>cross bills</i> of indictment for assault, in which the prosecutor in once case is the defendant in another, may be tried together.</note>

<h1>Crossbill</h1>
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<hw>Cross"bill`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of the genus <spn>Loxia</spn>, allied to the finches. Their mandibles are strongly curved and cross each other; the crossbeak.</def>

<h1>Cross-birth</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-birth`</hw> <tt>(-b?rth`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any preternatural labor, in whiche the boly of the child lies across the pelvis of the mother, so that the shoulder, arm, or trunk is the part first presented at the mouth of the uterus.</def>

<h1>Crossbite</h1>
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<hw>Cross"bite`</hw> <tt>(-b?t`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A deeption; a cheat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Crossbite</h1>
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<hw>Cross"bite"</hw>, <tt>b. t.</tt> <def>To deceive; to trick; to gull.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Crossbones</h1>
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<hw>Cross"bones`</hw> <tt>(-b?nz`)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>A representation of two of the leg bones or arm bones of a skeleton, laid crosswise, often surmounted with a skull, and serving as a symbol of death.</def>

<blockquote><b>Crossbones</b>, scythes, hourglasses, and other lugubrios emblems of mortality.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crossbow</h1>
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<hw>Cross"bow`</hw> <tt>(-b?`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Archery)</fld> <def>A weapon, used in discharging arrows, formed by placing a bow crosswise on a stock.</def>

<h1>Crossbower</h1>
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<hw>Cross"bow`er</hw> <tt>(-b?`?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A crossbowman.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Crossbowman</h1>
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<hw>Cross"bow`man</hw> <tt>(-m<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who shoots with a crossbow. See <er>Arbalest</er>.</def>

<h1>Crossbred</h1>
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<hw>Cross"bred`</hw> <tt>(-br?d`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Stock Breeding)</fld> <def>Produced by mixing distinct breeds; mongrel.</def>

<h1>Crossbreed</h1>
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<hw>Cross"breed`</hw> <tt>(-br?d`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A breed or an animal produced from parents of different breeds; a new variety, as of plants, combining the qualites of two parent varieties or stocks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything partaking of the natures of two different things; a hybrid.</def>

<h1>Cross-bun</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-bun`</hw> <tt>(-b?n`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bun or cake marked with a cross, and intended to be eaten on Good Friday.</def>

<h1>Cross-crosslet</h1>
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<hw>Cross`-cross"let</hw> <tt>(-kr?s"l?t; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A cross having the three upper ends crossed, so as to from three small crosses.</def>

<h1>Crosscut</h1>
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<hw>Cross"cut`</hw> <tt>(-k?t`)</tt><def>, v. t.  To cut across or through; to intersect.</def>

<h1>Crosscut</h1>
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<hw>Cross"cut`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A short cut across; a path shorter than by the high road.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A level driven across the course of a vein, or across the main workings, as from one gangway to another.</def>

<cs><col>Crosscut saw</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A saw, the teeth of which are so set as to adapt it for sawing wood crosswise of the grain rather than lengthwise.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A saw managed by two men, one at each end, for cutting large logs crosswise.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cross-days</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-days`</hw> <tt>(-d?z`)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The three days preceding the Feast of the Ascension.</def>

<h1>Crossette</h1>
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<hw>Cros*sette"</hw> <tt>(kr?s-s?t`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>crosse</ets>. See <er>Crosier</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A return in one of the corners of the architrave of a door or window; -- called also <altname>ancon</altname>, <altname>ear</altname>, <altname>elbow</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The shoulder of a joggled keystone.</def>

<h1>Cross-examination</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-ex*am`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(kr?s"?gz-?m`?-n?"sh?n; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Low)</fld> <def>The interrogating or questioning of a witness by the party against whom he has been called and examined. See <er>Examination</er>.</def>

<h1>Cross-examine</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-ex*am"ine</hw> <tt>(-?m"?n)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cross-examined</er> <tt>(-?nd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cross-examining</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Low)</fld> <def>To examine or question, as a witness who has been called and examined by the opposite party.</def> "The opportunity to <i>cross-examine</i> the witnesses."

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Cross-examiner</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-ex*am"in*er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who cross-examines or conducts a crosse-examination.</def>

<h1>Cross-eye</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-eye`</hw> <tt>(-?`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Strabismus</er>.</def>

<h1>Cross-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(-?d`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with strabismus; squint-eyed; squinting.</def>

<h1>Crossfish</h1>
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<hw>Cross"fish`</hw> <tt>(-f?sh`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A starfish.</def>

<h1>Crossflow</h1>
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<hw>Cross"flow`</hw> <tt>(-fl?`)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To flow across, or in a contrary direction.</def> "His <i>crossflowing</i> course."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Cross-garnet</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-gar`net</hw> <tt>(kr?s"g?r`n?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hinge having one strap perpendicular and the other strap horizontal giving it the form of an Egyptian or T cross.</def>

<h1>Crossgrained</h1>
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<hw>Cross"grained</hw> <tt>(-gr?nd`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the grain or fibers run diagonally, or more or less transversely an irregularly, so as to interfere with splitting or planing.</def>

<blockquote>If the stuff proves <b>crossgrained</b>, . . . then you must turn your stuff to plane it the contrary way.
<i>Moxon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Perverse; untractable; contrary.</def>

<blockquote>She was none of your <b>crossgrained</b>, termagant, scolding jades.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crossnath</h1>
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<hw>Cross"nath`</hw> <tt>(-h?ch`; 224)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shade by means of crosshatching.</def>

<h1>Crosshatching</h1>
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<hw>Cross"hatch`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>In drawing and line engraving, shading with lines that cross one another at an angle.</def>

<h1>Crosshead</h1>
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<hw>Cross"head`</hw> <tt>(-h?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A beam or bar across the head or end of a rod, etc., or a block attached to it and carrying a knuckle pin; as the solid crosspiece running between parallel slides, which receives motion from the piston of a steam engine and imparts it to the connecting rod, which is hinged to the crosshead.</def>

<h1>Crossing</h1>
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<hw>Cross"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cross</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act by which anything is crossed; <as>as, the <ex>crossing</ex> of the ocean</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of making the sign of the cross.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of interbreeding; a mixing of breeds.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Intersection, as of two paths or roads.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A place where anything (as a stream) is crossed; a paved walk across a street.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Contradiction; thwarting; obstruction.</def>

<blockquote>I do not bear these <b>crossings</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crossjack</h1>
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<hw>Cross"jack`</hw> <tt>(kr?s"j?k` &or; kr?"j?k`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The lowest square sail, or the lower yard of the mizzenmast.</def>

<h1>CRosslegged</h1>
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<hw>CRoss"legged`</hw> <tt>(-l?gd`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the legs crossed.</def>

<h1>Crosslet</h1>
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<hw>Cross"let</hw> <tt>(-lEt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>cross</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small cross.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. OF.  <ets>croisel</ets> crucible, and <er>E</er>. <er>Cresset</er>.]</ety> <def>A crucible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Crosslet</h1>
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<hw>Cross"let</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Crossed again; -- said of a cross the arms of which are crossed. See<er>Cross-crosslet</er>.</def>

<h1>Crossly</h1>
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<hw>Cross"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Athwart; adversely; unfortunately; peevishly; fretfully; with ill humor.</def>

<h1>Crossness</h1>
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<hw>Cross"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being cross; peevishness; fretfulness; ill humor.</def>

<h1>Crossopterygian</h1>
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<hw>Cros*sop`ter*yg"i*an</hw> <tt>(kr?s-s?p`t?r-?j?-a]/>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Crossopterygii.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One of the Crossopterygii.</def></def2>

<h1>Crossopterygii</h1>
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<hw>Cros*sop`te*ryg"i*i</hw> <tt>(kr?s-s?p`t?-r?j?-?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ tassels, a fringe + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, dim. of <?/<?/<?/<?/ wing, fin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of ganoid fishes including among living species the bichir (<spn>Polypterus</spn>). See <er>Brachioganoidei</er>.</def>

<h1>Crosspatch</h1>
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<hw>Cross"patch`</hw> <tt>(-p?ch`; 224)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An ill-natured person.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "<i>Crosspatch</i>, draw the latch."

<i>Mother Goose.</i>

<h1>Cross-pawl</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-pawl`</hw> <tt>(-p?l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Cross-spale</er>.</def>

<h1>Crosspiece</h1>
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<hw>Cross"piece`</hw> <tt>(kr?s"p?s`; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of any structure which is fitted or framed crosswise.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A bar or timber connecting two knightheads or two bitts.</def>

<h1>Cross-purpose</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-pur`pose</hw> <tt>(-p?r`p?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A counter or opposing purpose; hence, that which is inconsistent or contradictory.</def>

<i>Shaftesbury.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A conversational game, in which questions and answers are made so as to involve ludicrous combinations of ideas.</def>

<i>Pepys.</i>

<cs><col>To be at cross-purposes</col>, <cd>to misunderstand or to act counter to one another without intending it; -- said of persons.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cross-question</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-ques`tion</hw> <tt>(-kw?s`ch?n)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cross-questioned</er> <tt>(-ch?nd)</tt>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>.  <er>Cross-questioning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cross-examine; to subject to close questioning.</def>

<h1>Cross-reading</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-read`ing</hw> <tt>(r?d`?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The reading of the lines of a newspaper directly across the page, instead of down the columns, thus producing a ludicrous combination of ideas.</def>

<h1>Crossroad</h1>
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<hw>Cross"road`</hw> <tt>(-r?d`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A road that crosses another; an obscure road intersecting or avoiding the main road.</def>

<h1>Crossrow</h1>
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<hw>Cross"row`</hw> <tt>(-r?`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The alphabet; -- called also <altname>Christcross-row</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>And from the <b>crossrow</b> plucks the letter G.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A row that crosses others.</def>

<h1>Crossruff</h1>
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<hw>Cross"ruff`</hw> <tt>(-r?f`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Whist)</fld> <def>The play in whist where partners trump each a different suit, and lead to each other for that purpose; -- called also <altname>seesaw</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cross-spale -spl, Cross-spall</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cross"-spale`</hw> <tt>(-sp?l`)</tt>, <hw>Cross"-spall`</hw> <tt>(-sp?l`)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Spale</er> & <er>Spall</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>One of the temporary wooden braces, placed horizontally across a frame to hold it in position until the deck beams are in; a cross-pawl.</def>

<h1>Cross-springer</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-spring`er</hw> <tt>(-spr?ng`?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One of the ribs in a groined arch, springing from the corners in a diagonal direction. <note>[See <i>Illustr</i>. of <er>Groined vault</er>.]</note></def>

<h1>Cross-staff</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-staff`</hw> <tt>(-st?f`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument formerly used at sea for taking the altitudes of celestial bodies.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A surveyor's instrument for measuring offsets.</def>

<h1>Cross-stitch</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-stitch`</hw> <tt>(-st?ch`; 224)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A form of stitch, where the stitches are diagonal and in pairs, the thread of one stitch crossing that of the other. "Tent and <i>cross-stitch</i>." <i>Sir W. Scott</i>. </def> -- <wordforms><wf>Cross"-stitch`</wf>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Cross-stone</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-stone`</hw> <tt>(-st?n`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Harmotome</er>, and <er>Staurotide</er>.</def>

<h1>Cross-tail</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-tail`</hw> <tt>(-t?l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>A bar connecting the ends of the side rods or levers of a backaction or side-lever engine.</def>

<h1>Cross-tie</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-tie`</hw> <tt>(-t?`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A sleeper supporting and connecting the rails, and holding them in place.</def>

<hr>
<page="349">
Page 349<p>

<h1>Cross-tining</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-tin`ing</hw> <tt>(kr?s"t?n`?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>A mode of harrowing crosswise, or transversely to the ridges.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Crosstrees</h1>
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<hw>Cross"trees`</hw> <tt>(-tr?z`)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Pieces of timber at a masthead, to which are attached the upper shrouds.  At the head of lower masts in large vessels, they support a semicircular platform called the "top."</def>

<h1>Cross-vaulting</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-vault`ing</hw> <tt>(-v?lt`?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Vaulting formed by the intersection of two or more simple vaults.</def>

<h1>Crossway</h1>
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<hw>Cross"way`</hw> <tt>(-w?`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Crossroad</er>.</def>

<h1>Cross-week</h1>
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<hw>Cross"-week`</hw> <tt>(-w?k`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rogation week, when the cross was borne in processions.</def>

<h1>Crosswise</h1>
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<hw>Cross"wise`</hw> <tt>(-w?z`)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the form of a cross; across; transversely.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Crosswort</h1>
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<hw>Cross"wort`</hw> <tt>(-w?rt`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several inconspicuous plants having leaves in whorls of four, as species of <i>Crucianella</i>, <i>Valantia</i>, etc.</def>

<h1>Crotalaria</h1>
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<hw>Crot`a*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(kr?t`?-l?"r?-?  &or; kr?`t?-l?"r?-A)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Crotalum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of leguminous plants; rattlebox.</def>

<note>&hand; <spn>Crotalaria juncea</spn> furnishes the fiber called <i>sunn</i> or <i>Bombay hemp</i>.</note>

<h1>Crotaline</h1>
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<hw>Crot"a*line</hw> <tt>(kr?t"?-l?n &or; kr?`t?-)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Crotalus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling, or pertaining to, the <spn>Crotalidae</spn>, or Rattlesnake family.</def>

<h1>Crotalo</h1>
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<hw>Crot"a*lo</hw> <tt>(-l?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Turkish musical instrument.</def>

<h1>Crotalum</h1>
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<hw>Crot"a*lum</hw> <tt>(-l?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ rattle.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A kind of castanet used by the Corybantes.</def>

<h1>Crotalus</h1>
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<hw>Crot"a*lus</hw> <tt>(-l?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ rattle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of poisonous serpents, including the rattlesnakes.</def>

<h1>Crotaphite</h1>
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<hw>Crot"a*phite</hw> <tt>(kr?t"?-f?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ the side of the forehead.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The temple or temporal fossa. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Crotaphitic</h1>
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<hw>Crot`a*phit"ic</hw> <tt>(kr?t`?-f?t"?k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the temple; temporal.</def>

<h1>Crotch</h1>
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<hw>Crotch</hw> <tt>(kr?ch; 224)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Crotches</plw> <tt>(-<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. <er>Crotchet</er>, <er>Crutch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The angle formed by the parting of two legs or branches; a fork; the point where a trunk divides; <as>as, the <ex>crotch</ex> of a tree</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A stanchion or post of wood or iron, with two arms for supporting a boom, spare yards, etc.; -- called also <altname>crane</altname> and <altname>crutch</altname>.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Crotched</h1>
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<hw>Crotched</hw> <tt>(kr?cht)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a crotch; forked.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cross; peevish.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Crotchet</h1>
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<hw>Crotch"et</hw> <tt>(kr?ch"?t; 224)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>crochet</ets>, prop., a little hook, a dim. from the same source as <ets>croc</ets> hook. See <er>Crook</er>, and cf. <er>Crochet</er>, <er>Crocket</er>, <er>Crosier</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A forked support; a crotch.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>crotchets</b> of their cot in columns rise.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A time note, with a stem, having one fourth the value of a semibreve, one half that of a minim, and twice that of a quaver; a quarter note.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>An indentation in the glacis of the covered way, at a point where a traverse is placed.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The arrangement of a body of troops, either forward or rearward, so as to form a line nearly perpendicular to the general line of battle.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A bracket. See <er>Bracket</er>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument of a hooked form, used in certain cases in the extraction of a fetus.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A perverse fancy; a whim which takes possession of the mind; a conceit.</def>

<blockquote>He ruined himself and all that trusted in him by <b>crotchets</b> that he could never explain to any rational man.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crotchet</h1>
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<hw>Crotch"et</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To play music in measured time.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Crotcheted</h1>
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<hw>Crotch"et*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marked or measured by crotchets; having musical notation.</def>

<i>Harmar (1587).</i>

<h1>Crotchetiness</h1>
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<hw>Crotch"et*i*ness</hw> <tt>(kr?ch"?t-?-n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or character of being crotchety, or whimsical.</def>

<blockquote>This belief in rightness is a kind of conscientiousness, and when it degenerates it becomes <b>crotchetiness</b>.
<i>J. Grote.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crotchety</h1>
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<hw>Crotch"et*y</hw> <tt>(kr?ch"?t-?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Given to crotchets; subject to whims; <as>as, a <ex>crotchety</ex> man</as>.</def>

<h1>Croton</h1>
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<hw>Cro"ton</hw> <tt>(kr?"t?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, prop., a tick, which the seed of the croton resembles.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of euphorbiaceous plants belonging to tropical countries.</def>

<cs><col>Croton oil</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a viscid, acrid, brownish yellow oil obtained from the seeds of <spn>Croton Tiglium</spn>, a small tree of the East Indies. It is a most powerful drastic cathartic, and is used externally as a pustulant.</cd></cs>

<h1>Croton bug</h1>
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<hw>Cro"ton bug`</hw> <tt>(b?g`)</tt>. <ety>[From the <ets>Croton</ets> water of New York.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, active, winged species of cockroach (<spn>Ectobia Germanica</spn>), the water bug. It is common aboard ships, and in houses in cities, esp. in those with hot-water pipes.</def>

<h1>Crotonic</h1>
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<hw>Cro*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(kr?-t?n"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to, or derived from, a plant of the genus <spn>Croton</spn>, or from croton oil.</def>

<cs><col>Crotonic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white crystalline organic acid, <chform>C3H5.CO2H</chform>, of the ethylene, or acrylic acid series. It was so named because formerly supposed to exist in croton oil. Also, any acid metameric with crotonic acid proper.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; The acid characteristic of croton oil is <i>tiglic</i> or <i>tiglinic acid</i>, a derivative of <i>crotonic acid</i>.</note>

<h1>Crotonine</h1>
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<hw>Cro"ton*ine</hw> <tt>(kr?"t?n-?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A supposed alkaloid obtained from croton oil by boiling it with water and magnesia, since found to be merely a magnesia soap of the oil.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Crotonylene</h1>
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<hw>Cro*ton"y*lene</hw> <tt>(kr?-t?n"?-l?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Crotonic</ets>  + acet-<ets>ylene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, volatile, pungent liquid, <chform>C4H6</chform>, produced artificially, and regarded as an unsaturated hydrocarbon of the acetylene series, and analogous to crotonic acid.</def>

<h1>Crottles</h1>
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<hw>Crot"tles</hw> <tt>(kr?t"t'lz)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Gael.  <ets>crotal</ets>.]</ety> <def>A name given to various lichens gathered for dyeing.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Crouch</h1>
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<hw>Crouch</hw> <tt>(krouch; 129)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crouched</er> <tt>(kroucht)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crouching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.  <ets>cruchen</ets>, <ets>crouchen</ets>, <ets>crouken</ets>; cf. E.  <ets>creep</ets>, G.  <ets>krauchen</ets>, <ets>kriechen</ets>, or E.  <ets>crook</ets> to bend, also <ets>crouch</ets> to cross.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bend down; to stoop low; to lie close to the ground with the logs bent, as an animal when waiting for prey, or in fear.</def>

<blockquote>Now <b>crouch</b> like a cur.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bend servilely; to stoop meanly; to fawn; to cringe.</def> "A <i>crouching</i> purpose."

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<blockquote>Must I stand and <b>crouch</b>
Under your testy humor?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crouch</h1>
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<hw>Crouch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE.  <ets>cruchen</ets>, <ets>crouchen</ets>, from <ets>cruche</ets>, <ets>crouche</ets>, cross. Cf. <er>Crosier</er>, <er>Crook</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sign with the cross; to bless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bend, or cause to bend, as in humility or fear.</def>

<blockquote>She folded her arms across her chest,
And <b>crouched</b> her head upon her breast.
<i>Colerige.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crouched</h1>
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<hw>Crouched</hw> <tt>(kroucht)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marked with the sign of the cross.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Crouched friar</col>. <cd>See <cref>Crutched friar</cref>, under <er>Crutched</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Croud</h1>
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<hw>Croud</hw> <tt>(kroud)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Crowd</er>, a violin.</def>

<h1>Crouke</h1>
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<hw>Crouke</hw> <tt>(krouk)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A crock; a jar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chauser.</i>

<h1>Croup</h1>
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<hw>Croup</hw> <tt>(kr??p)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>croupe</ets> hind quarters, croup, rump, of German or Icel. origin; cf. Icel.  <ets>kryppa</ets> hump; akin to Icel.  <ets>kroppr</ets>.  Cf. <er>Crop</er>.]</ety> <def>The hinder part or buttocks of certain quadrupeds, especially of a horse; hence, the place behind the saddle.</def>

<blockquote>So light to the <b>croup</b> the fair lady he swung,
So light to the saddle before her he sprung.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Croup</h1>
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<hw>Croup</hw> <tt>(kr??p)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot.  <ets>croup</ets>, cf.  <ets>croup</ets>, <ets>crowp</ets>, to croak, to cry or speak with a hoarse voice; cf. also LG. <ets>kropp</ets>, G.  <ets>kropf</ets>, the crop or craw of a bird, and tumor on the anterior part of the neck, a wen, etc. Cf. <er>Crop</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inflammatory affection of the larynx or trachea, accompanied by a hoarse, ringing cough and stridulous, difficult breathing; esp., such an affection when associated with the development of a false membrane in the air passages (also called <altname>membranous croup</altname>). See <cref>False croup</cref>, under <er>False</er>, and <er>Diphtheria</er>.</def>

<h1>Croupade</h1>
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<hw>Crou*pade"</hw> <tt>(kr??-p?d")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>croupe</ets> hind quarters.]</ety> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A leap in which the horse pulls up his hind legs toward his belly.</def>

<h1>Croupal</h1>
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<hw>Croup"al</hw> <tt>(kr??p"<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Croupy.</def>

<h1>Crouper</h1>
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<hw>Croup"er</hw> <tt>(kr??p"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Crupper</er>.</def>

<h1>Croupier</h1>
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<hw>Crou"pi*er</hw> <tt>(kr<?/<?/"p<?/-<?/r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.; prop., one who sits on the croup, and hence, in the second place; an assistant. See 1st <er>Croup</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who presides at a gaming table and collects the stakes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who, at a public dinner party, sits at the lower end of the table as assistant chairman.</def>

<h1>Croupous</h1>
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<hw>Croup"ous</hw> <tt>(kr??p"?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relating to or resembling croup; especially, attended with the formation of a deposit or membrance like that found in membranous croup; <as>as, <ex>croupous</ex> laryngitis</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Croupous pneumonia</col>, <cd>pneumonia attended with deposition of fibrinous matter in the air vesicles of the lungs; ordinary acute pneumonia.</cd></cs>

<h1>Croupy</h1>
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<hw>Croup"y</hw> <tt>(kr??p"?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to croup; resembling or indicating croup; <as>as, a <ex>croupy</ex> cough</as>.</def>

<h1>Crouse</h1>
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<hw>Crouse</hw> <tt>(kr??s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Brisk; lively; bold; self-complacent.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Croustade</h1>
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<hw>Crou`stade"</hw> <tt>(kr??`st?d")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>cro<?/te</ets> a crust, OF.  <ets>crouste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Bread baked in a mold, and scooped out, to serve minces upon.</def>

<i>Bishop.</i>

<h1>Crout</h1>
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<hw>Crout</hw> <tt>(krout)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.  <ets>kraut</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Sourkrout</er>.</def>

<h1>Crouton</h1>
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<hw>Crou`ton"</hw> <tt>(kr??`t?n")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>cro<?/ton</ets>, fr.  <ets>cro<?/te</ets> a crust.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Bread cut in various forms, and fried lightly in butter or oil, to garnish hashes, etc.</def>

<h1>Crow</h1>
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<hw>Crow</hw> <tt>(kr?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Crew</er> <tt>(kr<?/)</tt> or <er>Crowed</er> <tt>(kr<?/d)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Crowed</er> (<er>Crown</er> <tt>(kr?n)</tt>, <mark>Obs.</mark>); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>cr<?/wan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kraijen</ets>, G.  <ets>kr<?/hen</ets>, cf. Lith.  <ets>groti</ets> to croak. &root;24. Cf.  <er>Crake</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make the shrill sound characteristic of a cock, either in joy, gayety, or defiance.</def> "The cock had <i>crown</i>."

<i>Bayron.</i>

<blockquote>The morning cock <b>crew</b> loud.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To shout in exultation or defiance; to brag.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To utter a sound expressive of joy or pleasure.</def>

<blockquote>The sweetest little maid,
That ever <b>crowed</b> for kisses.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To crow over</col>, <cd>to exult over a vanquished antagonist.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Sennacherib <b>crowing over</b> poor Jerusalem.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crow</h1>
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<hw>Crow</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cr<?/we</ets> a crow (in sense 1); akin to D.  <ets>kraai</ets>, G.  <ets>kr<?/e</ets>; cf. Icel.  <ets>kr<?/ka</ets> crow. So named from its cry, from AS.  <ets>cr<?/wan</ets> to crow. See <er>Crow</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird, usually black, of the genus <spn>Corvus</spn>, having a strong conical beak, with projecting bristles. It has a harsh, croaking note. See <er>Caw</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The common crow of Europe, or carrion crow, is <spn>C. corone</spn>. The common American crow is <spn>C. Americanus</spn>. See <cref>Carrion crow</cref>, and <i>Illustr</i>., under <er>Carrion</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bar of iron with a beak, crook, or claw; a bar of iron used as a lever; a crowbar.</def>

<blockquote>Get me an iron <b>crow</b>, and bring it straight
Unto my cell.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The cry of the cock. See <er>Crow</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, 1.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The mesentery of a beast; -- so called by butchers.</def>

<cs><col>Carrion crow</col>. <cd>See under <er>Carrion</er>.</cd> -- <col>Crow blackbird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American bird (<spn>Quiscalus quiscula</spn>); -- called also <altname>purple grackle</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Crow pheasant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Indian cuckoo; the common coucal. It is believed by the natives to give omens. See <er>Coucal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Crow shrike</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any bird of the genera <spn>Gymnorhina</spn>, <spn>Craticus</spn>, or <spn>Strepera</spn>, mostly from Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red-legged crow</col>. <cd>See <er>Crough</er>.</cd> -- <col>As the crow flies</col>, <cd>in a direct line.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To pick a crow</col>, <col>To pluck a crow</col></mcol>, <cd>to state and adjust a difference or grievance (with any one).</cd></cs>

<h1>Crowbar</h1>
<Xpage=349>

<hw>Crow"bar`</hw> <tt>(kr?"b?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bar of iron sharpened at one end, and used as a lever.</def>

<h1>Crowberry</h1>
<Xpage=349>

<hw>Crow`ber`ry</hw> <tt>(kr?"b?r`r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A heathlike plant of the genus <spn>Empetrum</spn>, and its fruit, a black, scarcely edible berry; -- also called <altname>crakeberry</altname>.</def>

<h1>Crowd</h1>
<Xpage=349>

<hw>Crowd</hw> <tt>(kroud)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crowded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crowding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.  <ets>crouden</ets>, <ets>cruden</ets>, AS. <ets>cr<?/dan</ets>; cf. D.  <ets>kruijen</ets> to push in a wheelbarrow.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To push, to press, to shove.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To press or drive together; to mass together.</def> "<i>Crowd</i> us and crush us."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fill by pressing or thronging together; hence, to encumber by excess of numbers or quantity.</def>

<blockquote>The balconies and verandas were <b>crowded</b> with spectators, anxious to behold their future sovereign.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To press by solicitation; to urge; to dun; hence, to treat discourteously or unreasonably.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>To crowd out</col>, <cd>to press out; specifically, to prevent the publication of; as, the press of other matter <i>crowded out</i> the article.</cd> -- <col>To crowd sail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to carry an extraordinary amount of sail, with a view to accelerate the speed of a vessel; to carry a press of sail.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crowd</h1>
<Xpage=349>

<hw>Crowd</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To press together or collect in numbers; to swarm; to throng.</def>

<blockquote>The whole company <b>crowded</b> about the fire.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Images came <b>crowding</b> on his mind faster than he could put them into words.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To urge or press forward; to force one's self; <as>as, a man <ex>crowds</ex> into a room</as>.</def>

<h1>Crowd</h1>
<Xpage=349>

<hw>Crowd</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.  <ets>croda</ets>. See <er>Crowd</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A number of things collected or closely pressed together; also, a number of things adjacent to each other.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>crowd</b> of islands.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A number of persons congregated or collected into a close body without order; a throng.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>crowd</b> of Vanity Fair.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Crowds</b> that stream from yawning doors.
<i>{\*\bkmkstart here}Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The lower orders of people; the populace; the vulgar; the rabble; the mob.</def>

<blockquote>To fool the <b>crowd</b> with glorious lies.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He went not with the <b>crowd</b> to see a shrine.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Throng; multitude. See <er>Throng</er>.</syn>

<h1>Crowd</h1>
<Xpage=349>

<hw>Crowd</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>crwth</ets>; akin to Gael. <ets>cruit</ets>. Perh. named from its shape, and akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ curved, and E.  <ets>curve</ets>. Cf. <er>Rote</er>.]</ety> <def>An ancient instrument of music with six strings; a kind of violin, being the oldest known stringed instrument played with a bow.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>croud</asp>, <asp>crowth</asp>, <asp>cruth</asp>, and <asp>crwth</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>A lackey that . . . can warble upon a <b>crowd</b> a little.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crowd</h1>
<Xpage=349>

<hw>Crowd</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To play on a crowd; to fiddle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Fiddlers, <i>crowd</i> on."

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Crowder</h1>
<Xpage=349>

<hw>Crowd"er</hw> <tt>(kroud"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who plays on a crowd; a fiddler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Some blind <i>crowder</i>."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Crowder</h1>
<Xpage=349>

<hw>Crowd"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who crowds or pushes.</def>

<h1>Crowdy</h1>
<Xpage=349>

<hw>Crow"dy</hw> <tt>(krou"d?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thick gruel of oatmeal and milk or water; food of the porridge kind.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Crowflower</h1>
<Xpage=349>

<hw>Crow"flow`er</hw> <tt>(kr?"flou`?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of campion; according to Gerarde, the <i>Lychnis Flos-cuculi</i>.</def>

<h1>Crowfoot</h1>
<Xpage=349>

<hw>Crow"foot`</hw> <tt>(kr?"f??t`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The genus <spn>Ranunculus</spn>, of many species; some are common weeds, others are flowering plants of considerable beauty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A number of small cords rove through a long block, or euphroe, to suspend an awning by.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A caltrop. <altsp>[Written also <asp>crow's-foot</asp>.]</alstsp>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Well Boring)</fld> <def>A tool with a side claw for recovering broken rods, etc.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Crowkeeper</h1>
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<hw>Crow"keep`er</hw> <tt>(-k?p`?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person employed to scare off crows; hence, a scarecrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Scaring the ladies like a <b>crowkeeper</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crown</h1>
<Xpage=349>

<hw>Crown</hw> <tt>(kr?n)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Crow</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Crown</h1>
<Xpage=349>

<hw>Crown</hw> <tt>(kroun)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>corone</ets>, <ets>coroun</ets>, <ets>crune</ets>, <ets>croun</ets>, OF.  <ets>corone</ets>, <ets>corune</ets>, F.  <ets>couronne</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>corona</ets> crown, wreath; akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ anything curved, crown; cf. also L.  <ets>curvus</ets> curved, E.  <ets>curve</ets>, <ets>curb</ets>, Gael.  <ets>cruinn</ets> round, W.  <ets>crwn</ets>. Cf. <er>Cornice</er>, <er>Corona</er>, <er>Coroner</er>, <er>Coronet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wreath or garland, or any ornamental fillet encircling the head, especially as a reward of victory or mark of honorable distinction; hence, anything given on account of, or obtained by, faithful or successful effort; a reward.</def> "An olive branch and laurel <i>crown</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>They do it to obtain a corruptible <b>crown</b>; but we an incorruptiblle.
<i>1 Cor. ix. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a <b>crown</b> of life.
<i>Rev. ii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A royal headdress or cap of sovereignty, worn by emperors, kings, princes, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; Nobles wear <i>coronets</i>; the triple <i>crown</i> of the pope is usually called a <i>tiara</i>. The <i>crown</i> of England is a circle of gold with crosses, fleurs-de-lis, and imperial arches, inclosing a crimson velvet cap, and ornamented with thousands of diamonds and precious stones.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The person entitled to wear a regal or imperial crown; the sovereign; -- with the definite article.</def>

<blockquote>Parliament may be dissolved by the demise of the <b>crown</b>.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Large arrears of pay were due to the civil and military servants of the <b>crown</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Imperial or regal power or dominion; sovereignty.</def>

<blockquote>There is a power behind the <b>crown</b> greater than the <b>crown</b> itself.
<i>Junius.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Anything which imparts beauty, splendor, honor, dignity, or finish.</def>

<blockquote>The hoary head is a <b>crown</b> of glory, if it be found in the way of righteousness.
<i>Prov. xvi. 31.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A virtuous woman is a <b>crown</b> to her husband.
<i>Prov. xvi. 4.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="350">
Page 350<p>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Highest state; acme; consummation; perfection.</def>

<blockquote>Mutual love, the <b>crown</b> of all our bliss.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The topmost part of anything; the summit.</def>

<blockquote>The steepy <b>crown</b> of the bare mountains.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The topmost part of the head (see <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Bird</er>.); that part of the head from which the hair descends toward the sides and back; also, the head or brain.</def>

<blockquote>From toe to <b>crown</b> he'll fill our skin with pinches.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Twenty things which I set down:
This done, I twenty more-had in my <b>crown</b>.
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>The part of a hat above the brim.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The part of a tooth which projects above the gum; also, the top or grinding surface of a tooth.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The vertex or top of an arch; -- applied generally to about one third of the curve, but in a pointed arch to the apex only.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Corona</er>.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of an anchor where the arms are joined to the shank.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The rounding, or rounded part, of the deck from a level line.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The bights formed by the several turns of a cable.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>14.</b> <def>The upper range of facets in a rose diamond.</def>

<p><b>15.</b> <def>The dome of a furnace.</def>

<p><b>16.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The area inclosed between two concentric perimeters.</def>

<p><b>17.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A round spot shaved clean on the top of the head, as a mark of the clerical state; the tonsure.</def>

<p><b>18.</b> <def>A size of writing paper. See under <er>Paper</er>.</def>

<p><b>19.</b> <def>A coin stamped with the image of a crown; hence,a denomination of money; <as>as, the English <ex>crown</ex>, a silver coin of the value of five shillings sterling, or a little more than $1</as>.20; the Danish or Norwegian <i>crown</i>, a money of account, etc., worth nearly twenty-seven cents.</def>

<p><b>20.</b> <def>An ornaments or decoration representing a crown; <as>as, the paper is stamped with a <ex>crown</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Crown of aberration</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a spurious circle around the true circle of the sun.</cd> -- <col>Crown antler</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the topmost branch or tine of an antler; also, an antler having a cuplike top, with tines springing from the rim.</cd> -- <col>Crown bar</col>, <cd>one of the bars which support the crown sheet of steam-boiler furnace.</cd> -- <col>Crown glass</col>. <cd>See under <er>Glass</er>.</cd> -- <col>Crown imperial</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Crown jewels</col>, <cd>the jewels appertaining to the sovereign while wearing the crown. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> "She pawned and set to sale the <i>crown jewels<i>." <i>Milton</i>.</cd> -- <col>Crown land</col>, <cd>land belonging to the crown, that is, to the sovereign.</cd> -- <col>Crown law</col>, <cd>the law which governs criminal prosecutions.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Crown lawyer</col>, <cd>one employed by the crown, as in criminal cases.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Crown octavo</col>. <cd>See under <er>Paper</er>.</cd> -- <col>Crown office</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Crown paper</col>.  <cd>See under <er>Paper</er>.</cd> -- <col>Crown piece</col>.  <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Crown Prince</col>, <cd>the heir apparent to a crown or throne.</cd> -- <col>Crown saw</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Crown scab</col> <fld>(Far.)</fld>, <cd>a cancerous sore formed round the corners of a horse's hoof.</cd> -- <col>Crown sheet</col>, <cd>the flat plate which forms the top of the furnace or fire box of an internally fired steam boiler.</cd> -- <col>Crown shell</col>.  <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Acorn-shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Crown side</col>. See <er>Crown office</er>. -- <col>Crown tax</col> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a golden crown, or its value, which was required annually from the Jews by the king of Syria, in the time of the Maccabees.</cd> <i>1 Macc. x. 20</i>. -- <col>Crown wheel</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Crown work</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Pleas of the crown</col> <fld>(Engl. law)</fld>, <cd>criminal actions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crown</h1>
<Xpage=350>

<hw>Crown</hw> <tt>(kroun)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crowned</er> <tt>(kround)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crowning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>coronen</ets>, <ets>corunen</ets>, <ets>crunien</ets>, <ets>crounien</ets>, OF.  <ets>coroner</ets>, F.  <ets>couronner</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>coronare</ets>, fr. <ets>corona</ets> a crown. See <er>Crown</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover, decorate, or invest with a crown; hence, to invest with royal dignity and power.</def>

<blockquote>Her who fairest does appear,
<b>Crown</b> her queen of all the year.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Crown</b> him, and say, "Long live our emperor."
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bestow something upon as a mark of honor, dignity, or recompense; to adorn; to dignify.</def>

<blockquote>Thou . . . hast <b>crowned</b> him with glory and honor.
<i>Ps. viii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To form the topmost or finishing part of; to complete; to consummate; to perfect.</def>

<blockquote>Amidst the grove that <b>crowns</b> yon tufted hill.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>One day shall <b>crown</b> the alliance.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>crown</b> the whole, came a proposition.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>To cause to round upward; to make anything higher at the middle than at the edges, as the face of a machine pulley.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To effect a lodgment upon, as upon the crest of the glacis, or the summit of the breach.</def>

<cs><col>To crown a knot</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to lay the ends of the strands over and under each other.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crowned</h1>
<Xpage=350>

<hw>Crowned</hw> <tt>(kround)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having or wearing a crown; surmounted, invested, or adorned, with a crown, wreath, garland, etc.; honored; rewarded; completed; consummated; perfected. "<i>Crowned</i> with one crest." <i>Shak</i>. "<i>Crowned</i> with conquest." <i>Milton</i>.</def>

<blockquote>With surpassing glory <b>crowned</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Great; excessive; supreme.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Crowner</h1>
<Xpage=350>

<hw>Crown"er</hw> <tt>(kroun"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, crowns.</def>

<i>Beau. & FL.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Coroner</er>.]</ety> <def>A coroner.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. or Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Crownet</h1>
<Xpage=350>

<hw>Crown"et</hw> <tt>(kroun"?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Crown</er>, <er>Coronet</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A coronet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>P. Whitehead.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The ultimate end and result of an undertaking; a chief end.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>O this false soul of Egypt! this grave charm . . . .
Whose bosom was my <b>crownet</b>, my chief end.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crown-imperial</h1>
<Xpage=350>

<hw>Crown"-im*pe"ri*al</hw> <tt>(-?m-p?"r?-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A spring-blooming plant (<spn>Fritillaria imperialis</spn>) of the Lily family, having at the top of the stalk a cluster of pendent bell-shaped flowers surmounted with a tuft of green leaves.</def>

<h1>Crownless</h1>
<Xpage=350>

<hw>Crown"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a crown.</def>

<h1>Crownlet</h1>
<Xpage=350>

<hw>Crown"let</hw> <tt>(-l?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coronet.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Crown office</h1>
<Xpage=350>

<hw>Crown" of`fice</hw> <tt>(?f`f?s; 115)</tt>. <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The criminal branch of the Court of King's or Queen's Bench, commonly called the <i>crown side</i> of the court, which takes cognizance of all criminal cases.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Crownpiece</h1>
<Xpage=350>

<hw>Crown"piece`</hw> <tt>(-p?s`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A piece or part which passes over the head, as in a bridle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A coin [In sense <sd>(b)</sd> properly <i>crown piece</i>.] See <er>Crown</er>, 19.</def>

<h1>Crown-post</h1>
<Xpage=350>

<hw>Crown"-post`</hw> <tt>(kroun"p?st`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>King-post</er>.</def>

<h1>Crown-saw</h1>
<Xpage=350>

<hw>Crown"-saw`</hw> <tt>(-s?`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From its supposed resemblance to a <ets>crown</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A saw in the form of a hollow cylinder, with teeth on the end or edge, and operated by a rotative motion.</def>

<note>&hand; The trephine was the first of the class of crownsaws.</note>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Crown side</h1>
<Xpage=350>

<hw>Crown" side`</hw> <tt>(s?d`)</tt>. <def> See <er>Crown office</er>.</def>

<h1>Crown wheel</h1>
<Xpage=350>

<hw>Crown" wheel`</hw> <tt>(hw?l`)</tt>.  <ety>[Named from its resemblance to a <ets>crown</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A wheel with cogs or teeth set at right angles to its plane; -- called also a <altname>contrate wheel</altname> or <altname>face wheel</altname>.</def>

<h1>Crownwork</h1>
<Xpage=350>

<hw>Crown"work`</hw> <tt>(-w?rk`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A work consisting of two or more bastioned fronts, with their outworks, covering an enceinte, a bridgehead, etc., and connected by wings with the main work or the river bank.</def>

<h1>Crow-quill</h1>
<Xpage=350>

<hw>Crow"-quill`</hw> <tt>(kr?"kw?l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A quill of the crow, or a very fine pen made from such a quill.</def>

<h1>Crows</h1>
<Xpage=350>

<hw>Crows</hw> <tt>(kr?z)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Crow</singw></sing>.  <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians of the Dakota stock, living in Montana; -- also called <altname>Upsarokas</altname>.</def>

<h1>Crow's-foot</h1>
<Xpage=350>

<hw>Crow's"-foot`</hw> <tt>(kr?z"f??t`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Crow's-feet</plw> <tt>(-f<?/t`)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The wrinkles that appear, as the effect of age or dissipation, under and around the outer corners of the eyes.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A caltrop.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>crowfoot</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Bird's-mouth</er>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Crow-silk</h1>
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<hw>Crow"-silk`</hw> <tt>(kr?"s?lk`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A filamentous fresh-water alga (<spn>Conferva rivularis</spn> of Linnaeus, <spn>Rhizoclonium rivulare</spn> of Kutzing).</def>

<h1>Crow's-nest</h1>
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<hw>Crow's-nest`</hw> <tt>(kr?z"n?st`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A box or perch near the top of a mast, esp. in whalers, to shelter the man on the lookout.</def>

<h1>Crowstep</h1>
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<hw>Crow"step`</hw> <tt>(kr?"st?p`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Corriestep</er>.</def>

<h1>Crowstone</h1>
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<hw>Crow"stone`</hw> <tt>(kr?"st?n`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The top stone of the gable end of a house.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Crowth</h1>
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<hw>Crowth</hw> <tt>(krouth)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An ancient musical instrument. See 4th <er>Crowd</er>.</def>

<h1>Crowtoe</h1>
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<hw>Crow"toe`</hw> <tt>(kr?"t?`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The <i>Lotus corniculatus</i>.</def>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An unidentified plant, probably the crowfoot.</def> "The tufted <i>crowtoe</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Crow-trodden</h1>
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<hw>Crow"-trod`den</hw> <tt>(kr?"tr?d`d'n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marked with crow's-feet, or wrinkles, about the eyes.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Do I look as if I were <b>crow-trodden</b>?
<i>Beau. & FL.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Croylstone</h1>
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<hw>Croyl"stone`</hw> <tt>(kroil"st?n`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Crystallized cawk, in which the crystals are small.</def>

<h1>Croys</h1>
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<hw>Croys</hw> <tt>(krois)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cross</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Croze</h1>
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<hw>Croze</hw> <tt>(kr?z)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cross</er>, and <er>Crosier</er>.]</ety> <def>A cooper's tool for making the grooves for the heads of casks, etc.; also, the groove itself.</def>

<h1>Crozier</h1>
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<hw>Cro"zier</hw> <tt>(kr?"zh?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Crosier</er>.</def>

<h1>Croziered</h1>
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<hw>Cro"ziered</hw> <tt>(-zh?rd)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Crosiered.</def>

<h1>Crucial</h1>
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<hw>Cru"cial</hw> <tt>(kr?"sh<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>crucial</ets>, fr. L. <ets>crux</ets>, <ets>crucis</ets>, cross, torture. See <er>Cross</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the form of a cross; appertaining to a cross; cruciform; intersecting; <as>as, <ex>crucial</ex> ligaments; a <ex>crucial</ex> incision.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Severe; trying or searching, as if bringing to the cross; decisive; <as>as, a <ex>crucial</ex> test</as>.</def>

<h1>Crucian carp</h1>
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<hw>Cru"cian carp`</hw> <tt>(-sh<it>a</it>n k?rp`)</tt>. <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>karussa</ets>, G. <ets>karausche</ets>, F.  <ets>carousse</ets>, <ets>-assin</ets>, <ets>corassin</ets>, LL.  <ets>coracinus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/  a sort of fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of European carp (<spn>Carasius vulgaris</spn>), inferior to the common carp; -- called also <altname>German carp</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The gibel or Prussian carp is now generally considered a variety of the crucian carp, or perhaps a hybrid between it and the common carp.</note>

<h1>Cruciate</h1>
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<hw>Cru"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(kr?"sh?-?t &or; -sh?t; 106)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cruciatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cruciare</ets> to crucify, torture, fr. <ets>crux</ets>, <ets>crucis</ets>, a cross. See <er>Cross</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tormented.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the leaves or petals arranged in the form of a cross; cruciform.</def>

<h1>Cruciate</h1>
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<hw>Cru"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(kr?"sh?-?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To torture; to torment. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Excruciate</er>.</def>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Cruciation</h1>
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<hw>Cru`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(kr?`sh?-?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>cruciatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of torturing; torture; torment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Crucible</h1>
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<hw>Cru"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(kr?"s?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>crucubulum</ets> a hanging lamp, an earthen pot for melting metals (cf. OF. <ets>croisel</ets>, <ets>creuseul</ets>, sort of lamp, crucible, F. <ets>creuset</ets> crucible), prob. of German origin; cf. OHG.  <ets>kr<?/sul</ets>, LG. <ets>kr<?/sel</ets>, hanging lamp, <ets>kroos</ets>, <ets>kruus</ets>, mug, jug, jar, D. <ets>kroes</ets> cup, crucible, Dan.  <ets>kruus</ets>, Sw.  <ets>krus</ets>, E.  <ets>cruse</ets>.  It was confused with derivatives of L.  <ets>crux</ets> cross (cf. <er>Crosslet</er>), and crucibles were said to have been marked with a cross, to prevent the devil from marring the chemical operation. See <er>Cruse</er>, and cf. <er>Cresset</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A vessel or melting pot, composed of some very refractory substance, as clay, graphite, platinum, and used for melting and calcining substances which require a strong degree of heat, as metals, ores, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hollow place at the bottom of a furnace, to receive the melted metal.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A test of the most decisive kind; a severe trial; <as>as, the <ex>crucible</ex> of affliction</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Hessian crucible</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a cheap, brittle, and fragile, but very refractory crucible, composed of the finest fire clay and sand, and commonly used for a single heating; -- named from the place of manufacture.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crucifer</h1>
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<hw>Cru"ci*fer</hw> <tt>(-f?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cruciferous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the order <spn>Crucifer\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Cruciferous</h1>
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<hw>Cru*cif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(kr?-s?f"?r-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>crux</ets>, <ets>crucis</ets>, cross + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>crucif<?/re</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bearing a cross.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a family of plants which have four petals arranged like the arms of a cross, as the mustard, radish, turnip, etc.</def>

<h1>Crucifier</h1>
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<hw>Cru"ci*fi`er</hw> <tt>(kr?"s?-f?`?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who crucifies; one who subjects himself or another to a painful trial.</def>

<h1>Crucifix</h1>
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<hw>Cru"ci*fix</hw> <tt>(kr?"s?-f?ks)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Crucifixes</plw> <tt>(-<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>crucifix or LL</ets>. <ets>crucifixum</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>crux</ets>, <ets>crucis</ets>, cross +  <ets>figere</ets>, <ets>fixum</ets>, to fix. See <er>Cross</er>, and <er>Fix</er>, and cf. Crucify.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A representation in art of the figure of Christ upon the cross; esp., the sculptured figure affixed to a real cross of wood, ivory, metal, or the like, used by the Roman Catholics in their devotions.</def>

<blockquote>The cross, too, by degrees, become the <b>crucifix</b>.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And kissing oft her <b>crucifix</b>,
Unto the block she drew.
<i>Warner.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The cross or religion of Christ.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Crucifixion</h1>
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<hw>Cru`ci*fix"ion</hw> <tt>(kr?`s?-f?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of nailing or fastening a person to a cross, for the purpose of putting him to death; the use of the cross as a method of capital punishment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of one who is nailed or fastened to a cross; death upon a cross.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Intense suffering or affliction; painful trial.</def>

<blockquote>Do ye prove
What <b>crucifixions</b> are in love?
<i>Herrick.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cruciform</h1>
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<hw>Cru"ci*form</hw> <tt>(kr?"s?-f?rm)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>crux</ets>, <ets>crucis</ets>, cress + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>cruciforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cross-shaped; <fld>(Bot.)</fld> having four parts arranged in the form of a cross.</def>

<h1>Crucify</h1>
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<hw>Cru"ci*fy</hw> <tt>(-f?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crucified</er> <tt>(-f?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Crucifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>crucifier</ets>, fr. (assumed) LL.  <ets>crucificare</ets>, for <ets>crucifigere</ets>, fr, L. <ets>crux</ets>, <ets>crucis</ets>, cross + <ets>figere</ets> to fix, the ending <ets>-figere</ets> being changed to <ets>-ficare</ets>, F. <ets>-fier</ets> (in compounds), as if fr. L.  <ets>facere</ets> to do, make. See <er>Cross</er>, and <er>Fix</er>, and cf. <er>Crucifix</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fasten to a cross; to put to death by nailing the hands and feet to a cross or gibbet.</def>

<blockquote>They cried, saying, <b>Crucify</b> him, <b>cricify</b> him.
<i>Luke xxiii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To destroy the power or ruling influence of; to subdue completely; to mortify.</def>

<blockquote>They that are Christ's have <b>crucified</b> the flesh, with the affections and lusts.
<i>Gal. v. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To vex or torment.</def>

<i>Beau. & FL.</i>

<h1>Crucigerous</h1>
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<hw>Cru*cig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(kr?-s?j"?r-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>crux</ets>, <ets>cricis</ets>, cross + <ets>-gerous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing the cross; marked with the figure of a cross.</def>

<i>Sir. T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Crud</h1>
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<hw>Crud</hw> <tt>(kr?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Curd</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cruddle</h1>
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<hw>Crud"dle</hw> <tt>(-d'l)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To curdle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>See how thy blood <b>cruddles</b> at this.
<i>Bea<?/ & FL.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crude</h1>
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<hw>Crude</hw> <tt>(kr?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Cruder</er> <tt>(-?r)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Crudest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>crudus</ets> raw; akin to <ets>cruor</ets> blood (which flows from a wound). See <er>Raw</er>, and cf. <er>Cruel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In its natural state; not cooked or prepared by fire or heat; undressed; not altered, refined, or prepared for use by any artificial process; raw; <as>as, <ex>crude</ex> flesh</as>.</def> "Common <i>crude</i> salt."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<blockquote>Molding to its will each successive deposit of the <b>crude</b> materials.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unripe; not mature or perfect; immature.</def>

<blockquote>I come to pluck your berries harsh and <b>crude</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not reduced to order or form;unfinished; not arranged or prepared; ill-considered; immature.</def> "<i>Crude</i>projects."

<i>Macualay.</i>

<blockquote><b>Crude</b>, undigested masses of suggestion, furnishing rather raw materials for composition.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The originals of Nature in their <b>crude</b>
Conception.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Undigested; unconcocted; not brought into a form to give nourishment.</def> "<i>Crude</i> and inconcoct."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Having, or displaying, superficial and undigested knowledge; without culture or profudity; <as>as, a <ex>crude</ex> reasoner</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Harsh and offensive, as a color; tawdry or in bad taste, as a combination of colors, or any design or work of art.</def>

<h1>Crudely</h1>
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<hw>Crude"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a crude, immature manner.</def>

<h1>Crudeness</h1>
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<hw>Crude"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A crude, undigested, or unprepared state; rawness; unripeness; immatureness; unfitness for a destined use or purpose; <as>as, the <ex>crudeness</ex> of iron ore; <ex>crudeness</ex> of theories or plans.</as></def>

<h1>Crudity</h1>
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<hw>Cru"di*ty</hw> <tt>(kr?"d?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Crudities</plw> <tt>(-t<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>cruditas</ets>, fr.  <ets>crudus</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>crudit<?/</ets>. See <er>Crude</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of being crude; rawness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is in a crude or undigested state; hence, superficial, undigested views, not reduced to order or form.</def> "<i>Cridities</i> in the stomach."

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Crudle</h1>
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<hw>Cru"dle</hw> <tt>(-d'l)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Cruddle</er>.</def>

<h1>Crudy</h1>
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<hw>Crud"y</hw> <tt>(kr?d"?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Crud</er>.]</ety> <def>Coagulated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His cruel wounds with <b>crudy</b> blood congealed.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crudy</h1>
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<hw>Cru"dy</hw> <tt>(kr?"d?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Crude</er>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by crudeness; raw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The foolish and dull and <b>crudy vapors</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cruel</h1>
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<hw>Cru"el</hw> <tt>(kr?"?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Crewel</er>.</def>

<h1>Cruel</h1>
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<hw>Cru"el</hw> <tt>(kr\'b5"?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>cruel</ets>, <ets>fr</ets>. <ets>L</ets>.  <ets>crudelis</ets>, fr. <ets>crudus</ets>. See <er>Crude</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Disposed to give pain to others; willing or pleased to hurt, torment, or afflict; destitute of sympathetic kindness and pity; savage; inhuman; hard-hearted; merciless.</def>

<blockquote>Behold a people cometh from the north country; . . . they are <b>cruel</b> and have no mercy.
<i>Jer. vi. 22,23.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing, or fitted to cause, pain, grief, or misery.</def>

<blockquote><b>Cruel</b> wars, wasting the earth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and their wrath for it was <b>cruel</b>.
<i>Gen. xlix. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Attended with cruetly; painful; harsh.</def>

<blockquote>You have seen <b>cruel</b> proof of this man's strength.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cruelly</h1>
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<hw>Cru"el*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a cruel manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Extremly; very.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<h1>Cruelness</h1>
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<hw>Cru"el*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt><def>Cruelty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Cruels</h1>
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<hw>Cru"els</hw> <tt>(kr?"?lz)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Corrupt. fr. F. <ets><?/crouelles</ets> scrofula.]</ety> <def>Glandular scrofulous swellings in the neck.</def>

<h1>Cruelty</h1>
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<hw>Cru"el*ty</hw> <tt>(-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cruelties</plw> <tt>(-t<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OF. <ets>cruelt<?/</ets>, F.  <ets>cruaut<?/</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>crudelitas</ets>, fr.  <ets>crudelis</ets>. See <er>Cruel</er>.]</ety>

<hr>
<page="351">
Page 351<p>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The attribute or quality of being cruel; a disposition to give unnecessary pain or suffering to others; inhumanity; barbarity.</def>

<blockquote>Pierced through the heart with your stern <b>cruelty</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cruel and barbarous deed; inhuman treatment; the act of willfully causing unnecessary pain.</def>

<blockquote><b>Cruelties</b> worthy of the dungeons of the Inquisition.
<blockquote>Macualay.

<h1>Cruentate</h1>
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<hw>Cru"en*tate</hw> <tt>(kr?"?n-t?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>cruentatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cruentare</ets> to make bloody, fr.  <ets>cruentus</ets> bloody, fr.  <ets>cruor</ets>. See <er>Crude</er>.]</ety> <def>Smeared with blood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Glanwill.</i>

<h1>Cruentous</h1>
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<hw>Cru*en"tous</hw> <tt>(kr?-?n"t?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>cruentus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bloody; cruentate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cruet</h1>
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<hw>Cru"et</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Anglo-French <ets>cruet</ets>, a dim. from OF. <ets>crue</ets>, <ets>cruie</ets>; of German or Celtic origin, and akin to E.  <ets>crock</ets> an earthen vessel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bottle or vessel; esp., aviai or small glass bottle for holding vinegar, oil, pepper, or the like, for the table; a caster.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A vessel used to hold wine, oil, or water for the service of the altar.</def>

<cs><col>Cruet stand</col>, <cd>a frame for holding cruets; a caster.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cruise</h1>
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<hw>Cruise</hw> <tt>(kr?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cruse</er>, a small bottle.</def>

<h1>Cruise</h1>
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<hw>Cruise</hw> <tt>(kr?z)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cruised</er> <tt>(kr?zd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cruising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D.  <ets>kruisen</ets> to move crosswise or in a zigzag, to cruise, fr. <ets>kruis</ets> cross, fr. OF.  <ets>crois</ets>, <ets>croiz</ets>, F. <ets>croix</ets>, or directly fr. OF.  <ets>croisier</ets>, F. <ets>croiser</ets>, to cross, cruise, fr.  <ets>crois</ets> a cross. See <er>Cross</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To sail back and forth on the ocean; to sail, as for the potection of commerce, in search of an enemy, for plunder, or for pleasure.</def>

<note>&hand; A ship cruises <i>in</i> any particular sea or ocean; as, <i>in</i> the Baltic or <i>in</i> the Atlantic. She cruises <i>off</i> any cape; as, <i>off</i> the Lizard; <i>off</i> Ushant. She cruises <i>on</i> a coast; as, <i>on</i> the coast of Africa. A priate <i>cruises</i> to seize vessels; a yacht <i>cruises</i> for the pleasure of the owner.</note>

<blockquote>Ships of war were aent to <b>cruise</b> near the isle of Bute.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>'Mid sands, and rocks, and storms to <b>cruise</b> for pleasure.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wander hither and thither on land.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Cruise</h1>
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<hw>Cruise</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A voyage made in various directions, as of an armed vessel, for the protection of other vessels, or in search of an enemy; a sailing to and fro, as for exploration or for pleasure.</def>

<blockquote>He feigned a compliance with some of his men, who were bent upon going a <b>cruise</b> to Manilla.
<i>Dampier.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cruiser</h1>
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<hw>Cruis"er</hw> <tt>(kr?"z?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or a vessel that, cruises; -- usually an armed vessel.</def>

<h1>Cruive</h1>
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<hw>Cruive</hw> <tt>(kr?v)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>  <def>A kind of weir or dam for trapping salmon; also, a hovel.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Crull</h1>
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<hw>Crull</hw> <tt>(kr?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See<er>Curl</er>.]</ety> <def>Curly; curled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cruller</h1>
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<hw>Crul"ler</hw> <tt>(kr?l"l?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Curl</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of sweet cake cut in strips and curled or twisted, and fried crisp in boiling fat.</def> <altsp>[Also written  <asp>kruller</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Crumb</h1>
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<hw>Crumb</hw> <tt>(kr?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>  <ety>[AS.  <ets>cruma</ets>, akin to D. <ets>kruim</ets>, G.  <ets>krume</ets>; cf. G.  <ets>krauen</ets> to scratch, claw.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>crum</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small fragment or piece; especially, a small piece of bread or other food, broken or cut off.</def>

<blockquote>Desiring to be fed with the <b>crumbs</b> which fell from the rich man's table.
<i>Luke xvi. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Fig.: A little; a bit; <as>as, a <ex>crumb</ex> of comfort</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>The soft part of bread.</def>

<blockquote>Dust unto dust, what must be, must;
If you can't get <b>crumb</b>, you'd best eat crust.
<i>Old Song.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Crumb brush</col>, <cd>a brush for sweeping crumbs from a table.</cd> -- <col>To a crum</col>, <cd>with great exactness; completely.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crumb</h1>
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<hw>Crumb</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crumbed</er> <tt>(kr?md)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Crumbing</er> <tt>(kr?m"?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To break into crumbs or small pieces with the fingers; <as>as, to <ex>crumb</ex> bread</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>crum</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Crumbcloth</h1>
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<hw>Crumb"cloth`</hw> <tt>(-kl<?/th`; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cloth to be laid under a dining table to receive falling fragments, and keep the carpet or floor clean.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>crumcloth</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Crumble</h1>
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<hw>Crum"ble</hw> <tt>(kr?m"b'l)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crumbled</er> <tt>(-b'ld)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crumbling</er> <tt>(-bl?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>crumb</ets>, v. t., akin to D.  <ets>krimelen</ets> G.  <ets>kr<?/meln</ets>.]</ety> <def>To break into small pieces; to cause to fall in pieces.</def>

<blockquote>He with his bare wand can unthread thy joints,
And <b>crumble</b> all thy sinews.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crumble</h1>
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<hw>Crum"ble</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fall into small pieces; to break or part into small fragments; hence, to fall to decay or ruin; to become disintegrated; to perish.</def>

<blockquote>If the stone is brittle, it will <b>crumble</b> and pass into the form of gravel.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The league deprived of its principal supports must soon <b>crumble</b> to pieces.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crumbly</h1>
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<hw>Crum"bly</hw> <tt>(-bl?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>EAsily crumbled; friable; brittle.</def> "The <i>crumbly</i> soil."

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Crumenal</h1>
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<hw>Cru"me*nal</hw> <tt>(kr?"m?-n<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>crumena</ets> purse.]</ety> <def>A purse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Crummable</h1>
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<hw>Crum"ma*ble</hw> <tt>(kr?m"mA-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being crumbed or broken into small pieces.</def>

<h1>Crummy</h1>
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<hw>Crum"my</hw> <tt>(kr?m"m?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of crumb or crumbs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Soft, as the crumb of bread is; not crusty.</def>

<h1>Crump</h1>
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<hw>Crump</hw> <tt>(kr?mp)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS.  <ets>crumb</ets> stooping, bent down; akin to OHG.  <ets>chrumb</ets>, G.  <ets>krumm</ets>, Dan.  <ets>krum</ets>, D.  <ets>krom</ets>, and E.  <ets>cramp</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Crooked; bent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Crooked backs and <b>crump</b> shoulders.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hard or crusty; dry baked; <as>as, a <ex>crump</ex> loaf</as>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<i>Hallivell.</i>

<h1>Crumpet</h1>
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<hw>Crump"et</hw> <tt>(kr?mp"?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from W.  <ets>crempog</ets>, <ets>crammwgth</ets>, a pancake or fritter.]</ety> <def>A kind of large. thin muffin or cake, light and spongy, and cooked on a griddle or spider.</def>

<h1>Crumple</h1>
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<hw>Crum"ple</hw> <tt>(kr?m"p'l)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Crumpled</er> <tt>(-p'ld)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crumpling</er> <tt>(-pl?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Dim. fr.  <ets>crump</ets>, <ets>a.</ets>]</ety> <def>To draw or press into wrinkles or folds to crush together; to rumple; <as>as, to <ex>crumple</ex> paper</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>crumpled</b> it into all shapes, and diligently scanned every wrinkle that could be made.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crumple</h1>
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<hw>Crum"ple</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To contract irregularly; to show wrinkless after being crushed together; <as>as, leaves <ex>crumple</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Crumpy</h1>
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<hw>Crump"y</hw> <tt>(kr?mp"Y)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Brittle; crisp.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Crunch</h1>
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<hw>Crunch</hw> <tt>(kr?nch)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crunched</er> <tt>(kr?ncht)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crunching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. of imitative origin; or cf. D.  <ets>schransen</ets> to eat heartily, or E. <ets>scrunch</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To chew with force and noise; to craunch.</def>

<blockquote>And their white tusks <b>crunched</b> o'er the whiter skull.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grind or press with violence and noise.</def>

<blockquote>The ship <b>crunched</b> through the ice.
<i>Kane.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To emit a grinding or craunching noise.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>crunching</b> and ratting of the loose stones.
<i>H. James.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crunch</h1>
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<hw>Crunch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To crush with the teeth; to chew with a grinding noise; to craunch; <as>as, to <ex>crunch</ex> a biscuit</as>.</def>

<h1>Crunk krnk, Crunkle</h1>
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<hw><hw>Crunk</hw> <tt>(kr?nk)</tt>, <hw>Crun"kle</hw> <tt>(kr?n"k'l)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel.  <ets>kr<?/nka</ets> to croak.]</ety> <def>To cry like a crane.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The crane <i>crunketh</i>."

<i>Withals (1608).</i>

<h1>Crunodal</h1>
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<hw>Cru*no"dal</hw> <tt>(kr?-n?"d<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Possessing, or characterized by, a crunode; -- used of curves.</def>

<h1>Crunode</h1>
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<hw>Cru"node</hw> <tt>(kr?"n?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. L.  <ets>crux</ets> a cross + E.  <ets>node</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A point where one branch of a curve crosses another branch. See <cref>Double point</cref>, under <er>Double</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Cruor</h1>
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<hw>Cru"or</hw> <tt>(kr?"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., blood. See <er>Crude</er>.]</ety> <def>The coloring matter of the blood; the clotted portion of coagulated blood, containing the coloring matter; gore.</def>

<h1>Cruorin</h1>
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<hw>Cru"o*rin</hw> <tt>(-?-r?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The coloring matter of the blood in the living animal; h\'91moglobin.</def>

<h1>Crup</h1>
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<hw>Crup</hw> <tt>(kr?p)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OHG.  <ets>grop</ets>, G. <ets>grob</ets>, coarse.]</ety> <def>Short; brittle; <as>as, <ex>crup</ex> cake</as>.</def>

<i>Todd.</i>

<h1>Crup</h1>
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<hw>Crup</hw> <tt>(kr?p)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Croup</er>, the rump of a horse.</def>

<h1>Crupper</h1>
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<hw>Crup"per</hw> <tt>(kr?p"p?r <it>in U.S.</it>; kr?p"?r <it>in Eng.</it>)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>croupi<?/re</ets>, fr.  <ets>croupe</ets>.  See <er>Croup</er> the rump of a horse.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>crouper</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The buttocks or rump of a horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A leather loop, passing under a horse's tail, and buckled to the saddle to keep it from slipping forwards.</def>

<h1>Crupper</h1>
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<hw>Crup"per</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fit with a crupper; to place a crupper upon; <as>as, to <ex>crupper</ex> a horse</as>.</def>

<h1>Crura</h1>
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<hw>Cru"ra</hw> <tt>(kr?"r?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Crus</er>.</def>

<h1>Crural</h1>
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<hw>Cru"ral</hw> <tt>(-r<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>cruralis</ets>, fr.  <ets>crus</ets>, <ets>cruris</ets>, leg: cf. F. <ets>crural</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the thigh or leg, or to any of the parts called <i>crura</i>; <as>as, the <ex>crural</ex> arteries; <ex>crural</ex> arch; <ex>crural</ex> canal; <ex>crural</ex> ring</as>.</def>

<h1>Crus</h1>
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<hw>Crus</hw> <tt>(kr?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Crura</plw> <tt>(kr<?/"r<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., the leg.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of the hind limb between the femur, or thigh, and the ankle, or tarsus; the shank.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Often applied, especially in the plural, to parts which are supposed to resemble a pair of legs; <as>as, the <ex>crura</ex> of the diaphragm, a pair of muscles attached to it; <ex>crura cerebri</ex>, two bundles of nerve fibers in the base of the brain, connecting the medulla and the forebrain.</as></def>

<h1>Crusade</h1>
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<hw>Cru*sade"</hw> <tt>(kr?-s?d")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>croisade</ets>, fr. Pr.  <ets>crozada</ets>, or Sp <ets>cruzada</ets>, or It.  <ets>crociata</ets>, from a verb signifying to take the cross, mark one's self with a cross, fr. L.  <ets>crux</ets> cross; or possibly taken into English directly fr. Pr. Cf. <er>Croisade</er>, <er>Crosado</er>, and see <er>Cross</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any one of the military expeditions undertaken by Christian powers, in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries, for the recovery of the Holy Land from the Mohammedans.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any enterprise undertaken with zeal and enthusiasm; <as>as, a <ex>crusade</ex> against intemperance</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A Portuguese coin. See <er>Crusado</er>.</def>

<h1>Crusade</h1>
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<hw>Cru*sade"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crusaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crusading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To engage in a crusade; to attack in a zealous or hot-headed manner.</def> "Cease <i>crusading</i> against sense."

<i>M. Green.</i>

<h1>Crusader</h1>
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<hw>Cru*sad"er</hw> <tt>(-s?"d?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One engaged in a crusade; <as>as, the <ex>crusaders</ex> of the Middle Ages</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Azure-eyed and golden-haired,
Forth the young <b>crusaders</b> fared.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crusading</h1>
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<hw>Cru*sad"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a crusade; <as>as, a <ex>crusading</ex> spirit</as>.</def>

<h1>Crusado</h1>
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<hw>Cru*sa"do</hw> <tt>(-s?"d?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg.  <ets>cruzado</ets>, fr. <ets>cruz</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>crux</ets>. See <er>Crusade</er>, 3.]</ety> <def>An old Portuguese coin, worth about seventy cents.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cruade</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cruse</h1>
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<hw>Cruse</hw> <tt>(kr?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to LG.  <ets>kruus</ets>, <ets>kroos</ets>, mug, jug, jar, D.  <ets>kroes</ets>, G.  <ets>krause</ets>, Icel.  <ets>krus</ets>, Sw.  <ets>krus</ets>, Dan.  <ets>kruus</ets>. Cf. <er>Crucible</er>, <er>Cresset</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cup or dish.</def>

<blockquote>Take with thee . . . a <b>cruse</b> of honey.
<i>1 Kings xiv. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bottle for holding water, oil, honey, etc.</def>

<blockquote>So David took . . . the <b>cruse</b> of water.
<i>1 Sam. xxvi. 12.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cruset</h1>
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<hw>Cru"set</hw> <tt>(kr?"s?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>creuset</ets>. See <er>Cruse</er>, <er>Crucible</er>.]</ety> <def>A goldsmith's crucible or melting pot.</def>

<h1>Crush</h1>
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<hw>Crush</hw> <tt>(kr?sh)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crushed</er> <tt>(kr?sht)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crushing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.  <ets>cruschen</ets>, <ets>crousshen</ets>, Of.  <ets>cruisir</ets>, <ets>croissir</ets>, fr. LL.  <ets>cruscire</ets>, prob. of Ger. origin, from a derivative of the word seen in Goth.  <ets>kruistan</ets> to gnash; akin to Sw.  <ets>krysta</ets> to squeeze, Dan.  <ets>kryste</ets>, Icel. <ets>kreysta</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To press or bruise between two hard bodies; to squeeze, so as to destroy the natural shape or integrity of the parts, or to force together into a mass; <as>as, to <ex>crush</ex> grapes</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Ye shall not offer unto the Lord that which is bruised, or <b>crushed</b>, or broken, or cut.
<i>Lev. xxii. 24.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ass . . . thrust herself unto the wall, and <b>crushed</b> Balaam's foot against the wall.
<i>Num. xxii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reduce to fine particles by pounding or grinding; to comminute; <as>as, to <ex>crush</ex> quartz</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To overwhelm by pressure or weight; to beat or force down, as by an incumbent weight.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>crush</b> the pillars which the pile sustain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Truth, <b>crushed</b> to earth, shall rise again.
<i>Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To oppress or burden grievously.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt be only oppressed and <b>crushed</b> alway.
<i>Deut. xxviii. 33.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To overcome completely; to subdue totally.</def>

<blockquote>Speedily overtaking and <b>crushing</b> the rebels.
<i>Sir. W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To crush a cup</col>, <cd>to drink.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>To crush out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To force out or separate by pressure, as juice from grapes.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To overcome or destroy completely; to suppress.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crush</h1>
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<hw>Crush</hw> <tt>(kr?sh)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be or become broken down or in, or pressed into a smaller compass, by external weight or force; <as>as, an eggshell <ex>crushes</ex> easily</as>.</def>

<h1>Crush</h1>
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<hw>Crush</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A violent collision or compression; a crash; destruction; ruin.</def>

<blockquote>The wreck of matter, and the <b>crush</b> of worlds.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Violent pressure, as of a crowd; a crowd which produced uncomfortable pressure; <as>as, a <ex>crush</ex> at a peception</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Crush hat</col>, <cd>a hat which collapses, and can be carried under the arm, and when expanded is held in shape by springs; hence, any hat not injured by compressing.</cd> -- <col>Crush room</col>, <cd>a large room in a theater, opera house, etc., where the audience may promenade or converse during the intermissions; a foyer.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Politics leave very little time for the bow window at White's in the day, or for the <b>crush room</b> of the opera at night.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crusher</h1>
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<hw>Crush"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, crushes.</def>

<cs><col>Crusher gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring the explosive force of gunpowder, etc., by its effect in compressing a piece of metal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crushing</h1>
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<hw>Crush"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That crushes; overwhelming.</def> "The blow must be quick and <i>crushing</i>."

<i>Macualay.</i>

<h1>Crust</h1>
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<hw>Crust</hw> <tt>(kr?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>crusta</ets>: cf. OF.  <ets>crouste</ets>, F. <ets>cro<?/te</ets>; prob. akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ ice, E.  <ets>crystal</ets>, from the same root as E.  <ets>crude</ets>, <ets>raw</ets>. See <er>Raw</er>, and cf. <er>Custard</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The hard external coat or covering of anything; the hard exterior surface or outer shell; an incrustation; <as>as, a <ex>crust</ex> of snow</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I have known the statute of an emperor quite hid under a <b>crust</b> of dross.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Below this icy <b>crust</b> of conformity, the waters of infidelity lay dark and deep as ever.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The hard exterior or surface of bread, in distinction from the soft part or crumb; or a piece of bread grown dry or hard.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cover or case of a pie, in distinction from the soft contents.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The dough, or mass of doughy paste, cooked with a potpie; -- also called <altname>dumpling</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>Th' impenetrable <b>crust</b> thy teeth defies.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He that keeps nor <b>crust</b> nor crumb.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They . . . made the <b>crust</b> for the venison pasty.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The exterior portion of the earth, formerly universally supposed to inclose a molten interior.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The shell of crabs, lobsters, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A hard mass, made up of dried secretions blood, or pus, occurring upon the surface of the body.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An incrustation on the interior of wine bottles, the result of the ripening of the wine; a deposit of tartar, etc. See <er>Beeswing</er>.</def>

<h1>Crust</h1>
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<hw>Crust</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Crusted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crusting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF.  <ets>crouster</ets>, L.  <ets>crustare</ets>. See <er>Crust</er>, <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety> <def>To cover with a crust; to cover or line with an incrustation; to incrust.</def>

<blockquote>The whole body is <b>crusted</b> over with ice.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And now their legs, and breast, and bodies stood
<b>Crusted</b> with bark.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Very foul and <b>crusted</b> bottles.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their minds are <b>crusted</b> over, like diamonds in the rock.
<i>Felton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crust</h1>
<Xpage=351>

<hw>Crust</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To gather or contract into a hard crust; to become incrusted.</def>

<blockquote>The place that was burnt . . . <b>crusted</b> and healed.
<i>Temple.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crusta</h1>
<Xpage=351>

<hw>Crus"ta</hw> <tt>(kr?s"t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., shell, crust, inlaid work.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A crust or shell.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gem engraved, or a plate embossed in low relief, for inlaying a vase or other object.</def>

<h1>Crustacea</h1>
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<hw>Crus*ta"ce*a</hw> <tt>(kr?s-t?"sh?-?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Neut. pl. of NL.  <ets>crustaceus</ets> pert. to the crust or shell, from L. <ets>crusta</ets> the hard surfsce of a body, rind, shell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the classes of the arthropods, including lobsters and crabs; -- so called from the crustlike shell with which they are covered.</def>

<note>&hand; The body usually consists of an anterior part, made up of the head and thorax combined, called the <i>cephalothorax</i>, and of a posterior jointed part called the <i>abdomen</i>, <i>postabdomen</i>, and (improperly) <i>tail</i>. They breathe by means of gills variously attached to some of the limbs or to the sides the body, according to the group. They are divisible into two subclasses, Entomostraca and Malacostraca, each of which includes several orders.</note>

<h1>Crustacean</h1>
<Xpage=351>

<hw>Crus*ta"cean</hw> <tt>(kr?s-t?"sh<it>a</it>n; 97)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Crustacea; crustaceous.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An animal belonging to the class <spn>Crustacea</spn>.</def></def2>

<h1>Crustaceological</h1>
<Xpage=351>

<hw>Crus*ta`ce*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(-sh?-?-l?j"?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to crustaceology.</def>

<h1>Crustaceologist</h1>
<Xpage=351>

<hw>Crus*ta`ce*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(-?ll"?-j?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in crustaceology; a crustalogist.</def>

<h1>Crustaceology</h1>
<Xpage=351>

<hw>Crus*ta`ce*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(-j?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Crustacea</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of Zo\'94logy which treats of the Crustacea; malacostracology; carcinology.</def>

<h1>Crustaceous</h1>
<Xpage=351>

<hw>Crus*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(kr?s-t?"sh?s; 97)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>crustaceous</ets>. See <er>crustacea</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, crust or shell; having a crustlike shell.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Crustacea; crustacean.</def>

<h1>Crustaceousness</h1>
<Xpage=351>

<hw>Crus*ta"ceous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being crustaceous or having a crustlike shell.</def>

<h1>Crustal</h1>
<Xpage=351>

<hw>Crust"al</hw> <tt>(kr?st"<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to a crust.</def>

<h1>Crustalogical</h1>
<Xpage=351>

<hw>Crus`ta*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(kr?s`t?-l?j"?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to crustalogy.</def>

<h1>Crustalogist</h1>
<Xpage=351>

<hw>Crus*tal"o*gist</hw> <tt>(-t<?/l"<?/-j<?/st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in crustalogy.</def>

<hr>
<page="352">
Page 352<p>

<h1>Crustalogy</h1>
<Xpage=352>

<hw>Crus*tal"o*gy</hw> <tt>(kr?s-t?l"?-j?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>crusta</ets> shell + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Crustaceology.</def>

<h1>Crustated</h1>
<Xpage=352>

<hw>Crus"ta*ted</hw> <tt>(kr?s"t?-t?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>crustatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>crustare</ets>, fr.  <ets>crusta</ets>. See <er>Crust</er>.]</ety> <def>Covered with a crust; <as>as, <ex>crustated</ex> basalt</as>.</def>

<h1>Crustation</h1>
<Xpage=352>

<hw>Crus*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(kr?s-t?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An adherent crust; an incrustation.</def>

<i>Pepys.</i>

<h1>Crusted</h1>
<Xpage=352>

<hw>Crust"ed</hw> <tt>(kr?st"?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incrusted; covered with, or containing, crust; <as>as, old, <ex>crusted</ex> port wine</as>.</def>

<h1>Crustific</h1>
<Xpage=352>

<hw>Crus*tif`ic</hw> <tt>(kr?s-t?f"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>crusta</ets> crust + <ets>-facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Producing or forming a crust or skin.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Crustily</h1>
<Xpage=352>

<hw>Crust"i*ly</hw> <tt>(kr?st"?-l\'b5)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a crusty or surly manner; morosely.</def>

<h1>Crustiness</h1>
<Xpage=352>

<hw>Crust"i*ness</hw> <tt>(-?-n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of having crust or being like crust; hardness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of being crusty or surly.</def>

<blockquote>Old Christy forgot his usual <b>crustiness</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crusty</h1>
<Xpage=352>

<hw>Crust"y</hw> <tt>(-?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the nature of crust; pertaining to a hard covering; <as>as, a <ex>crusty</ex> coat; a <ex>crusty</ex> surface or substance.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Possibly a corruption of <ets>cursty</ets>. Cf. <er>Curst</er>, <er>Curstness</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a hard exterior, or a short, rough manner, though kind at heart; snappish; peevish; surly.</def>

<blockquote>Thou <b>crusty</b> batch of nature, what's the news?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crut</h1>
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<hw>Crut</hw> <tt>(kr?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cro<?/te</ets> crust.]</ety> <def>The rough, shaggy part of oak bark.</def>

<h1>Crutch</h1>
<Xpage=352>

<hw>Crutch</hw> <tt>(kr?ch; 224)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Crutches</plw> <tt>(-<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>cruche</ets>, AS. <ets>crycc</ets>, <ets>cricc</ets>; akin to D.  <ets>kruk</ets>, G.  <ets>kr<?/cke</ets>, Dan. <ets>krykke</ets>, Sw.  <ets>krycka</ets>, and to E. <ets>crook</ets>. See <er>Crook</er>, and cf.  <er>Cricket</er> a low stool.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A staff with a crosspiece at the head, to be placed under the arm or shoulder, to support the lame or infirm in walking.</def>

<blockquote>I'll lean upon one <b>crutch</b>, and fight with the other.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Rhyme is a <b>crutch</b> that lifts the weak alone.
<i>H. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A form of pommel for a woman's saddle, consisting of a forked rest to hold the leg of the rider.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A knee, or piece of knee timber</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A forked stanchion or post; a crotch. See <er>Crotch</er>.</def>

<h1>Crutch</h1>
<Xpage=352>

<hw>Crutch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To support on crutches; to prop up.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Two fools that <b>crutch</b> their feeble sense on verse.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crutched</h1>
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<hw>Crutched</hw> <tt>(kr?cht)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Supported upon crutches.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[See <er>Crouch</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and <er>Crouched</er>, <tt>a.</tt> ]</ety> <def>Marked with the sign of the cross; crouched.</def>

<cs><col>Crutched friar</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>one of a religious order, so called because its members bore the sign of the cross on their staves and habits; -- called also <altname>crossed friar</altname> and <altname>crouched friar</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cruth</h1>
<Xpage=352>

<hw>Cruth</hw> <tt>(kr?th)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W.  <ets>crwth</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See 4th <er>Crowd</er>.</def>

<h1>Crux</h1>
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<hw>Crux</hw> <tt>(kr?ks)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E.  <plw>Cruxes</plw> <tt>(-<?/z)</tt>, L.  <plw>Cruces</plw> <tt>(kr<?/"s<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., cross, torture, trouble.]</ety> <def>Anything that is very puzzling or difficult to explain.</def>

<i>Dr. Sheridan.</i>

<blockquote>The perpetual <b>crux</b> of New Testament chronologists.
<i>Strauss.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cruzado</h1>
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<hw>Cru*za"do</hw> <tt>(kr?-z?"d?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coin. See <er>Crusado</er>.</def>

<h1>Crwth</h1>
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<hw>Crwth</hw> <tt>(kr??th)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W.]</ety> <fld>(Mus)</fld> <def>See 4th <er>Crowd</er>.</def>

<h1>Cry</h1>
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<hw>Cry</hw> <tt>(kr?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cried</er> <tt>(kr?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>crier</ets>, cf. L.  <ets>quiritare</ets> to raise a plaintive cry, scream, shriek, perh. fr.  <ets>queri</ets> to complain; cf. Skr. <ets>cvas</ets> to pant, hiss, sigh. Cf. <er>Quarrel</er> a brawl, <er>Querulous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a loud call or cry; to call or exclaim vehemently or earnestly; to shout; to vociferate; to proclaim; to pray; to implore.</def>

<blockquote>And about the ninth hour, Jesus <b>cried</b> with a loud voice.
<i> Matt. xxvii. 46.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Clapping their hands, and <b>crying</b> with loud voice.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hear the voice of my supplications when I <b>cry</b> unto thee.
<i> Ps. xxviii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The voice of him that <b>crieth</b> in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord.
<i>Is. xl. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some <b>cried</b> after him to return.
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To utter lamentations; to lament audibly; to express pain, grief, or distress, by weeping and sobbing; to shed tears; to bawl, as a child.</def>

<blockquote>Ye shall <b>cry</b> for sorrow of heart.
<i>Is. lxv. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I could find it in my heart to disgrace my man's apparel and to <b>cry</b> like a woman.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To utter inarticulate sounds, as animals.</def>

<blockquote>The young ravens which <b>cry</b>.
<i>Ps. cxlvii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In a cowslip's bell I lie
There I couch when owls do <b>cry</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To cry on</col> &or; <col>upon</col></mcol>, <cd>to call upon the name of; to beseech."No longer <i>on</i> Saint Denis will we <i>cry</i>." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To cry out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To exclaim; to vociferate; to scream; to clamor.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To complain loudly; to lament.</cd> -- <col>To cry out against</col>, <cd>to complain loudly of; to censure; to blame.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To cry out on</col> &or; <col>upon</col></mcol>, <cd>to denounce; to censure. "<i>Cries out upon</i> abuses." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To cry to</col>, <cd>to call on in prayer; to implore.</cd> -- <col>To cry you mercy</col>, <cd>to beg your pardon. "I <i>cry you mercy</i>, madam; was it you?" <i>Shak</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cry</h1>
<Xpage=352>

<hw>Cry</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter loudly; to call out; to shout; to sound abroad; to declare publicly.</def>

<blockquote>All, all, <b>cry</b> shame against ye, yet I 'll speak.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The man . . . ran on,<b>crying</b>, Life! life! Eternal life!
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to do something, or bring to some state, by crying or weeping; <as>as, to <ex>cry</ex> one's self to sleep</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make oral and public proclamation of; to declare publicly; to notify or advertise by outcry, especially things lost or found, goods to be sold, ets.; <as>as, to <ex>cry</ex> goods, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Love is lost, and thus she <b>cries</b> him.
<i>Crashaw.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Hence, to publish the banns of, as for marriage.</def>

<blockquote>I should not be surprised if they were <b>cried</b> in church next Sabbath.
<i>Judd.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To cry aim</col>. <cd>See under <er>Aim</er>.</cd> -- <col>To cry down</col>, <cd>to decry; to depreciate; to dispraise; to condemn.</cd>

<blockquote>Men of dissolute lives <b>cry down</b> religion, because they would not be under the restraints of it.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

 -- <col>To cry out</col>, <cd>to proclaim; to shout."Your gesture <i>cries</i> it <i>out</i>." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To cry quits</col>, <cd>to propose, or declare, the abandonment of a contest.</cd> -- <col>To cry up</col>, <cd>to enhance the value or reputation of by public and noisy praise; to extol; to laud publicly or urgently.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cry</h1>
<Xpage=352>

<hw>Cry</hw> <tt>(kr?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cries</plw> <tt>(kr<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F.  <ets>cri</ets>, fr. <ets>crier</ets> to cry. See <er>Cry</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A loud utterance; especially, the inarticulate sound produced by one of the lower animals; <as>as, the <ex>cry</ex> of hounds; the <i>cry</i> of wolves.</as></def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Outcry; clamor; tumult; popular demand.</def>

<blockquote>Again that <b>cry</b> was found to have been as unreasonable as ever.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any expression of grief, distress, etc., accompanied with tears or sobs; a loud sound, uttered in lamentation.</def>

<blockquote>There shall be a great <b>cry</b> throughout all the land.
<i>Ex. xi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An infant crying in the night,
An infant crying for the light;
And with no language but a <b>cry</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Loud expression of triumph or wonder or of popular acclamation or favor.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>cry</b> went once on thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Importunate supplication.</def>

<blockquote>O, the most piteous <b>cry</b> of the poor souls.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Public advertisement by outcry; proclamation, as by hawkers of their wares.</def>

<blockquote>The street <b>cries</b> of London.
<i>Mayhew.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Common report; fame.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>cry</b> goes that you shall marry her.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A word or phrase caught up by a party or faction and repeated for effect; <as>as, the party <ex>cry</ex> of the Tories</as>.</def>

<blockquote>All now depends upon a good <b>cry</b>.
<i>Beaconsfield.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A pack of hounds.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>cry</b> more tunable
Was never hollaed to, nor cheered with horn.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>A pack or company of persons; -- in contempt.</def>

<blockquote>Would not this . . . get me a fellowship in a <b>cry</b> of players?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>The cracklling noise made by block tin when it is bent back and forth.</def>

<cs><col>A far cry</col>, <cd>a long distance; -- in allusion to the sending of criers or messengers through the territory of a Scottish clan with an announcement or summons.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cryal</h1>
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<hw>Cry"al</hw> <tt>(kr?"<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. W.  <ets>creyr</ets>, <ets>cryr</ets>, <ets>crychydd</ets>. Cf. <er>Cruer</er> a hawk.]</ety> <def>The heron</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Cryer</h1>
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<hw>Cry"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. faucon <ets>gruyer</ets> a falcon trained to fly at the crane, fr. <ets>crye</ets> crane, fr. L. <ets>crus</ets> crane. Cf. <er>Cryal</er>.]</ety> <def>The female of the hawk; a falcon-gentil.</def>

<h1>Crying</h1>
<Xpage=352>

<hw>Cry"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Calling for notice; compelling attention; notorious; heinous; <as>as, a <ex>crying</ex> evil</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Too much fondness for meditative retirement is not the <b>crying</b> sin of our modern Christianity.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cryohydrate</h1>
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<hw>Cry`o*hy"drate</hw> <tt>(kr?`?-h?"dr?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ cold + E.  <ets>hydrate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance, as salt, ammonium chloride, etc., which crystallizes with water of crystallization only at low temperatures, or below the freezing point of water.</def>

<i> F. Guthrie.</i>

<h1>Cryolite</h1>
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<hw>Cry"o*lite</hw> <tt>(kr?"?-l?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ icy cold, frost + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cryolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A fluoride of sodium and aluminum, found in Greenland, in white cleavable masses; -- used as a source of soda and alumina.</def>

<h1>Cryophorus</h1>
<Xpage=352>

<hw>Cry*oph"o*rus</hw> <tt>(kr?-?f"?-r?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ icy cold, frost + <?/<?/<?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An instrument used to illustrate the freezing of water by its own evaporation. The ordinary form consist of two glass bulbs, connected by a tube of the same material, and containing only a quantity of water and its vapor, devoid of air. The water is in one of the bulbs, and freezes when the other is cooled below 32&deg; Fahr.</def>

<h1>Crypt</h1>
<Xpage=352>

<hw>Crypt</hw> <tt>(kr?pt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>crypta</ets> vault, crypt, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to hide. See <er>Crot</er>, <er>Crotto</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A vault wholly or partly under ground; especially, a vault under a church, whether used for burial purposes or for a subterranean chapel or oratory.</def>

<blockquote>Priesthood works out its task age after age, . . . treasuring in convents and <b>crypts</b> the few fossils of antique learning.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My knees are bowed in <b>crypt</b> and shrine.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A simple gland, glandular cavity, or tube; a follicle; <as>as, the <ex>cryps</ex> of Lieberk<?/hn, the simple tubular glands of the small intestines</as>.</def>

<h1>Cryptal</h1>
<Xpage=352>

<hw>Crypt"al</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to crypts.</def>

<h1>Cryptic krptk, Cryptical</h1>
<Xpage=352>

<hw><hw>Cryp"tic</hw> <tt>(kr?p"t?k)</tt>, <hw>Cryp"tic*al</hw> <tt>(-t?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>crypticus</ets>, Gr.<?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to hide.]</ety> <def>Hidden; secret; occult.</def> "Her [nature's] more <i>cryptic</i> ways of working."

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Cryptically</h1>
<Xpage=352>

<hw>Cryp"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Secretly; occultly.</def>

<h1>Cryptidine</h1>
<Xpage=352>

<hw>Cryp"ti*dine</hw> <tt>(kr?p"t?-d?n; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>krypto`s</grk> hidden.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the quinoline bases, obtained from coal tar as an oily liquid, <chform>C11H11N</chform>; also, any one of several substances metameric with, and resembling, cryptidine proper.</def>

<h1>Cryptobranchiata</h1>
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<hw>Cryp`to*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(kr?p`t?-br<it>a</it>?`k?-?"t?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>krypto`s</grk> hidden + L. <ets>branchia</ets> a gill.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A division of the Amphibia; the Derotremata.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A group of nudibranch mollusks.</def>

<h1>Cryptobranchiate</h1>
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<hw>Cryp`to*bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(-br??"k?-?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having concealed or rudimentary gills.</def>

<h1>Cryptocrystalline</h1>
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<hw>Cryp`to*crys"tal*line</hw> <tt>(-kr?s"t<it>a</it>l-l?n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>krypto`s</grk> hidden + E. <ets>crystalline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Indistinctly crystalline; -- applied to rocks and minerals, whose state of aggregation is so fine that no distinct particles are visible, even under the microscope.</def>

<h1>Cryptogam</h1>
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<hw>Cryp"to*gam</hw> <tt>(kr?p"t?-g?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>cryptogame</ets>. See <er>Cryptogamia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant belonging to the Cryptogamia.</def>

<i>Henslow.</i>

<h1>Cryptogamia</h1>
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<hw>Cryp`to*ga"mi*a</hw> <tt>(kr?p`t?-g?"m?-?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cryptogami\'91</plw> <tt>(-<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>krypto`s</grk> hidden, secret + <grk>ga`mos</grk> marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The series or division of flowerless plants, or those never having true stamens and pistils, but propagated by spores of various kinds.</def>

<note>&hand; The subdivisions have been variously arranged. The following arrangement recognizes four classes: --

I. <stype><er>Pteridophyta</er>, or <er>Vascular Acrogens</er>.</stype> These include <i>Ferns</i>, <spn>Equiseta</spn> or Scouring rushes, <spn>Lycopodiace\'91</spn> or Club mosses, <spn>Selaginelle\'91</spn>, and several other smaller orders. Here belonged also the extinct coal plants called <spn>Lepidodendron</spn>, <spn>Sigillaria</spn>, and <spn>Calamites</spn>.

II. <stype><er>Bryophita</er>, or <er>Cellular Acrogens</er></stype>. These include <spn>Musci</spn>, or Mosses, <spn>Hepatic\'91</spn>, or Scale mosses and Liverworts, and possibly <spn>Charace\'91</spn>, the Stoneworts.

III. <stype><er>Alg\'91</er></stype>, which are divided into <er>Floride\'91</er>, the Red Seaweeds, and the orders <spn>Dictyote\'91</spn>, <spn>O\'94spore\'91</spn>, <spn>Zo\'94spore\'91</spn>, <spn>Conjugat\'91</spn>, <spn>Diatomace\'91</spn>, and <spn>Cryptophyce\'91</spn>.

IV. <stype><er>Fungi</er></stype>.  The molds, mildews, mushrooms, puffballs, etc., which are variously grouped into several subclasses and many orders. The <spn>Lichenes</spn> or Lichens are now considered to be of a mixed nature, each plant partly a Fungus and partly an Alga.</note>

<h1>Cryptogamian krpt-gm-a]/>n, Cryptogamic krpt-gmk, Cryptogamous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cryp`to*ga"mi*an</hw> <tt>(kr?p`t?-g?"m?-a]/>n)</tt>, <hw>Cryp`to*gam"ic</hw> <tt>(kr?p`t?-g?m"?k)</tt>, <hw>Cryp*to"gam*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the series Cryptogamia, or to plants of that series.</def>

<h1>Cryptogamist</h1>
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<hw>Cryp*tog"a*mist</hw> <tt>(-m?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in cryptogamic botany.</def>

<h1>Cryptogram</h1>
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<hw>Cryp"to*gram</hw> <tt>(kr?p"t?-gr?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cipher writing. Same as <er>Cryptograph</er>.</def>

<h1>Cryptograph</h1>
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<hw>Cryp"to*graph</hw> <tt>(-gr?f)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>krypto`s</grk> hidden + <ets>-graph</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>cryptographe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cipher; something written in cipher.</def> "Decipherers of <i>cryptograph."

<i>J. Earle.</i>

<h1>Cryptographal</h1>
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<hw>Cryp*tog"ra*phal</hw> <tt>(kr?p-t?g"r?-f<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to cryptography; cryptographical.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Cryptographer</h1>
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<hw>Cryp*tog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(kr?p-t?g"r?-f?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who writes in cipher, or secret characters.</def>

<h1>Cryptographic krpt-grfk, Cryptographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cryp`to*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(kr?p`t?-gr?f"?k)</tt>, <hw>Cryp`to*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(kr?p`t?-gr?f"?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to cryptography; written in secret characters or in cipher, or with sympathetic ink.</def>

<h1>Cryptographist</h1>
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<hw>Cryp*tog"ra*phist</hw> <tt>(kr?p-t?g"r?-f?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Cryptographer</er>.</def>

<h1>Cryptography</h1>
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<hw>Cryp*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(-f?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>cryptographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or art of writing in secret characters; also, secret characters, or cipher.</def>

<h1>Cryptologu</h1>
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<hw>Cryp*tol"o*gu</hw> <tt>(kr?p-t?l"?-j?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>krypto`s</grk> hidden + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Secret or enigmatical language.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Cryptonym</h1>
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<hw>Cryp"to*nym</hw> <tt>(kr?p"t?-n?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ secret + <?/<?/<?/<?/ name.]</ety> <def>A secret name; a name by which a person is known only to the initiated.</def>

<h1>Cryptopine</h1>
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<hw>Cryp"to*pine</hw> <tt>(kr?p"t?-p?n; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>krypto`s</grk> hidden + E. <ets>op</ets>ium.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless crystalline alkaloid obtained in small quantities from opium.</def>

<h1>Crypturi</h1>
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<hw>Cryp*tu"ri</hw> <tt>(kr?p-t?"r?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ hidden + <?/<?/<?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of flying, drom<?/ognathous birds, including the tinamous of South America. See <er>Tinamou</er>.</def>

<h1>Crystal</h1>
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<hw>Crys"tal</hw> <tt>(kr?s"t<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cristal</ets>, F.  <ets>cristal</ets>, L.  <ets>crystallum</ets> crystal, ice, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ icy cold, frost; cf. AS. <ets>crystalla</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>crystallum</ets>; prob. akin to E.  <ets>crust</ets>.  See <er>Crust</er>, <er>Raw</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem. & Min.)</fld> <def>The regular form which a substance tends to assume in solidifying, through the inherent power of cohesive attraction. It is bounded by plane surfaces, symmetrically arranged, and each species of crystal has fixed axial ratios. See <er>Crystallization</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The material of quartz, in crystallization transparent or nearly so, and either colorless or slightly tinged with gray, or the like; -- called also <altname>rock crystal</altname>. Ornamental vessels are made of it. Cf. <er>Smoky quartz</er>, <er>Pebble</er>; also <cref>Brazilian pebble</cref>, under <er>Brazilian</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A species of glass, more perfect in its composition and manufacture than common glass, and often cut into ornamental forms. See <er>Flint glass</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The glass over the dial of a watch case.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Anything resembling crystal, as clear water, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The blue <b>crystal</b> of the seas.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Blood crystal</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blood</er>.</cd> -- <col>Compound crystal</col>. <cd>See under <er>Compound</er>.</cd> -- <col>Iceland crystal</col>, <cd>a transparent variety of calcite, or crystallized calcium carbonate, brought from Iceland, and used in certain optical instruments, as the polariscope.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Rock crystal</col>, &or;  <col>Mountain crystal</col></mcol>, <cd>any transparent crystal of quartz, particularly of limpid or colorless quartz.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crystal</h1>
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<hw>Crys"tal</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, or like, crystal; clear; transparent; lucid; pellucid; crystalline.</def>

<blockquote>Through <b>crystal</b> walls each little mote will peep.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By <b>crystal</b> streams that murmur through the meads.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>crystal</b> pellets at the touch congeal,
And from the ground rebounds the ratting hail.
<i>H. Brooks.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Crystallin</h1>
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<hw>Crys"tal*lin</hw> <tt>(-l?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gobulin</er>.</def>

<h1>Crystalline</h1>
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<hw>Crys"tal*line</hw> <tt>(kr?s"t<it>a</it>l-l?n &or; -l?n; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>crystallinus</ets>, from Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/: cf. F.  <ets>cristallin</ets>. See <er>Crystal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting, or made, of crystal.</def>

<blockquote>Mount, eagle, to my palace <b>crystalline</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formed by crystallization; like crystal in texture.</def>

<blockquote>Their <b>crystalline</b> structure.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Imperfectly crystallized; <as>as, granite is only <ex>crystalline</ex>, while quartz crystal is perfectlly crystallized</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fig.: Resembling crystal; pure; transparent; pellucid.</def> "The <i>crystalline</i> sky."

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Crystalline heavens</col>, &or; <col>Crystalline spheres</col></mcol>, <cd>in the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, two transparent spheres imagined to exist between the region of the fixed stars and the <i>primum mobile</i> (or outer circle of the heavens, which by its motion was supposed to carry round all those within it), in order to explain certain movements of the heavently bodies.</cd> -- <col>Crystalline lens</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the capsular lenslike body in the eye, serving to focus the rays of light. It consists of rodlike cells derived from the external embryonic epithelium.</cd></cs>

<h1>Crystalline</h1>
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<hw>Crys"tal*line</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A crystalline substance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Aniline</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Crystallite</h1>
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<hw>Crys"tal*lite</hw> <tt>(kr?s"t<it>a</it>l-l?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Crystal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A minute mineral form like those common in glassy volcanic rocks and some slags, not having a definite crystalline outline and not referable to any mineral species, but marking the first step in the crystallization process. According to their form crystallites are called <stype>trichites</stype>, <stype>belonites</stype>, <stype>globulites</stype>, etc.</def>

<hr>
<page="353">
Page 353<p>

<h1>Crystallizable</h1>
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<hw>Crys"tal*li`za*ble</hw> <tt>(kr?s"t<it>a</it>l-l?`z?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being crystallized; that may be formed into crystals.</def>

<h1>Crystallization</h1>
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<hw>Crys`tal*li*za"tion</hw> <tt>(kr?s`t<it>a</it>l-l?-z?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cristallization</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem. & Min.)</fld> <def>The act or process by which a substance in solidifying assumes the form and sructure of a crystal, or becomes crystallized.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The body formed by crystallizing; <as>as, silver on precipitation forms arborescent <ex>crystallizations</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The systems of crystallization are the several classes to which the forms are mathematically referable. They are most simply described according to the relative lengths and inclinations of certain assumed lines called axes; but the real distinction is the degree of symmetry characterizing them. <stype>1.</stype> <stype>The Isometric, &or; Monometric, system</stype> has the axes all equal, as in the cube, octahedron, etc. <stype>2.</stype> <stype>The Tetragonal, &or; Dimetric, system</stype> has a varying vertical axis, while the lateral are equal, as in the right square prism. <stype>3.</stype> <stype>The Orthorhombic, &or; Trimetric, system</stype> has the three axes unequal, as in the rectangular and rhombic prism. In this system, the lateral axes are called, respectively, <i>macrodiagonal</i> and <i>brachydiagonal</i>. -- The preceding are erect forms, the axes intersecting at right angles.  The following are oblique. <stype>4.</stype> <stype>The Monoclinic system</stype>, having one of the intersections oblique, as in the oblique rhombic prism. In this system, the lateral axes are called respectively, <i>clinodiagonal</i> and <i>orthodiagonal</i>. <stype>5.</stype> <stype>The Triclinic system</stype>, having all the three intersections oblique, as in the oblique rhomboidal prism. There is also: <stype>6.</stype> <stype>The Hexagonal system</stype> (one division of which is called <i>Rhombohedral</i>), in which there are three equal lateral axes, and a vertical axis of variable length, as in the hexagonal prism and the rhombohedron.</note>

<note>&hand; <i>The Diclinic system</i>, sometimes recognized, with two oblique intersections, is only a variety of the <i>Triclinic</i>.</note>

<h1>Crystallize</h1>
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<hw>Crys"tal*lize</hw> <tt>(kr?s"t<it>a</it>l-l?z)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Crystallized</er> <tt>(-l?zd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Crystallizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>cristalliser</ets>. See <er>Crystal</er>.]</ety> <def>To cause to form crystals, or to assume the crystalline form.</def>

<h1>Crystallize</h1>
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<hw>Crys"tal*lize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be converted into a crystal; to take on a crystalline form, through the action of crystallogenic or cohesive attraction.</def>

<h1>Crystallogenic -l-jnk, Crystallogenical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Crys`tal*lo*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(-l?-j?n"?k)</tt>, <hw>Crys`tal*lo*gen"ic*al</hw> <tt>(-?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the production of crystals; crystal-producing; <as>as, <ex>crystallogenic</ex> attraction</as>.</def>

<h1>Crystallogeny</h1>
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<hw>Crys`tal*log"e*ny</hw> <tt>(kr?s`t<it>a</it>l-l?j"?-n?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal + root of <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to be born.]</ety> <def>The science which pertains to the production of crystals.</def>

<h1>Crystallographer</h1>
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<hw>Crys`tal*log"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(kr?s`t<it>a</it>l-l?g"r?-f?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who describes crystals, or the manner of their formation; one versed in crystallography.</def>

<h1>Crystallographic -l-grfk, Crystallographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(-l?-gr?f"?k)</tt>, <hw>Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(-?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>crystallographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to crystallography.</def>

<h1>Crystallographically</h1>
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<hw>Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of crystallography.</def>

<h1>Crystallography</h1>
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<hw>Crys`tal*log"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(kr?s`t<it>a</it>l-l?g"r?-f?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>cristallographie</ets>. See <er>Crystal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The doctrine or science of crystallization, teaching the system of forms among crystals, their structure, and their methods of formation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A discourse or treatise on crystallization.</def>

<h1>Crystalloid</h1>
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<hw>Crys"tal*loid</hw> <tt>(kr?s"t<it>a</it>l-loid)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Crystal-like; transparent like crystal.</def>

<h1>Crystalloid</h1>
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<hw>Crys"tal*loid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A body which, in solution, diffuses readily through animal membranes, and generally is capable of being crystallized; -- opposed to <i>colloid</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the microscopic particles resembling crystals, consisting of protein matter, which occur in certain plant cells; -- called also <altname>protein crystal</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cristallology</h1>
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<hw>Cris`tal*lol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(kr?s`t<it>a</it>l-l?l"?-j?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of the crystalline structure of inorganic bodies.</def>

<h1>Crystallomancy</h1>
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<hw>Crys"tal*lo*man`cy</hw> <tt>(-l?-m?n`s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of a crystal or other transparent body, especially a beryl.</def>

<h1>Crystallometry</h1>
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<hw>Crys`tal*lom"e*try</hw> <tt>(-l?m"?-tr?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of measuring crystals.</def>

<h1>Crystallurgy</h1>
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<hw>Crys"tal*lur`gy</hw> <tt>(-l?r`j?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ crystal + <?/<?/<?/<?/ work.]</ety> <def>Crystallizaton.</def>

<h1>Ctenocyst</h1>
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<hw>Cte"no*cyst</hw> <tt>(t?"n?-s?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/, comb + <?/<?/<?/<?/ bladder.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An organ of the Ctenophora, supposed to be sensory.</def>

<h1>Ctenoid</h1>
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<hw>Cte"noid</hw> <tt>(t?"noid &or; t?n"oid)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having a comblike margin, as a ctenoid scale</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to the Ctenoidei.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A ctenoidean.</def></def2>

<h1>Ctenoidean</h1>
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<hw>Cte*noid"e*an</hw> <tt>(t?-noid"?-a]/>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Relating to the Ctenoidei.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Ctenoidei.</def></def2>

<h1>Ctenoidei</h1>
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<hw>Cte*noid"e*i</hw> <tt>(-?-?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/, comb + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of fishes, established by Agassiz, characterized by having scales with a pectinated margin, as in the perch. The group is now generally regarded as artificial.</def>

<h1>Ctenophora</h1>
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<hw>Cte*noph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(t?-n?f"?-r?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, comb + <?/<?/<?/<?/ to carry.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of C\'d2lenterata, commonly ellipsoidal in shape, swimming by means of eight longitudinal rows of paddles. The separate paddles somewhat resemble combs.</def>

<h1>Ctenophore</h1>
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<hw>Cten"o*phore</hw> <tt>(t?n"?-f?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>(Zo\'94l.) One of the Ctenophora.</def>

<h1>Ctenophoric tn-frk, Ctenophorous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cten`o*phor"ic</hw> <tt>(t?n`?-f?r"?k)</tt>, <hw>Cte*noph"o*rous</hw> <tt>(t?-n?f"?-r?s)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Ctenophora.</def>

<h1>Ctenostomata</h1>
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<hw>Cten`o*stom"a*ta</hw> <tt>(t?n`?-st?m"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, comb + <?/<?/<?/<?/, -<?/<?/<?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of Bryozoa, usually having a circle of bristles below the tentacles.</def>

<h1>Cub</h1>
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<hw>Cub</hw> <tt>(k?b)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Ir.  <ets>cuib</ets> cub, whelp, young dog, Ir. & Gael.  <ets>cu</ets> dog; akin to E. <ets>hound</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A young animal, esp. the young of the bear.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Jocosely or in contempt, a boy or girl, esp. an awkward, rude, illmannered boy.</def>

<blockquote>O, thuo dissembling <b>cub</b>! what
wilt thou be
When time hath sowed a drizzle on thy
case?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cub</h1>
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<hw>Cub</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cubbed</er> (k<?/bd); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cubbing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring forth; -- said of animals, or in contempt, of persons.</def> "<i>Cubb'd</i> in a cabin."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Cub</h1>
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<hw>Cub</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cub</er> a young animal.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A stall for cattle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I would rather have such . . . .in <b>cub</b>or kennel than in my closet or at my table.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cupboard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Laud.</i>

<h1>Cub</h1>
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<hw>Cub</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shut up or confine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Cuban</h1>
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<hw>Cu"ban</hw> <tt>(k?"b<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Cuba or its inhabitants.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native or an inhabitant of Cuba.</def></def2>

<h1>Cubation</h1>
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<hw>Cu*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(k?-b?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cubatio</ets>, fr. <ets>cubare</ets> to lie down.]</ety> <def>The act of lying down; a reclining.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cubatory</h1>
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<hw>Cu"ba*to*ry</hw> <tt>(k?"b?-t?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cubator</ets> he who lies down, fr.  <ets>cubare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lying down; recumbent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cubature</h1>
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<hw>Cu"ba*ture</hw> <tt>(k?"b?-t?r; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>cubus</ets> cube: cf. F.  <ets>cubature</ets>.  See <er>Cube</er>.]</ety> <def>The process of determining the solid or cubic contents of a body.</def>

<h1>Cubbridge-head</h1>
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<hw>Cub"bridge-head`</hw> <tt>(k?b"r?jj-h?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A bulkhead on the forecastle and half deck of a ship.</def>

<h1>Cubby kbb, Cubbyhole</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cub"by</hw> <tt>(k?b"b?)</tt>, <hw>Cub"by*hole`</hw> <tt>(-h?l`)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cub</er> a stall.]</ety> <def>A snug or confined place.</def>

<h1>Cubdrawn</h1>
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<hw>Cub"*drawn`</hw> <tt>(k?b"dr?n`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sucked by cubs.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>This night, wherein the <b>cub-drawn</b> bear would couch.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cube</h1>
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<hw>Cube</hw> <tt>(k?b)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cube</ets>, L.  <ets>cubus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a cube, a cubical die.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A regular solid body, with six equal square sides.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The product obtained by taking a number or quantity three times as a factor; <as>as, <mathex>4x4=16</mathex>, and <mathex>16x4=64</mathex>, the cube of 4</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Cube ore</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>pharmacosiderite. It commonly crystallizes in cubes of a green color.</cd> -- <col>Cube root</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the number or quantity which, multiplied into itself, and then into the product, produces the given cube; thus, 3 is the cube root of 27, for <mathex>3x3x3 = 27</mathex>.</cd> -- <col>Cube spar</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>anhydrite; anhydrous calcium sulphate.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cube</h1>
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<hw>Cube</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cubed</er> <tt>(k?bd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cubing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To raise to the third power; to obtain the cube of.</def>

<h1>Cubeb</h1>
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<hw>Cu"beb</hw> <tt>(k?"b?b)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cub<?/be</ets> (cf. It.  <ets>cubebe</ets>, Pr., Sp., Pg., & NL.  <ets>cubeba</ets>), fr. Ar. <ets>kab<?/bat</ets>.]</ety> <def>The small, spicy berry of a species of pepper (<spn>Piper Cubeba</spn>; <fld>in med.</fld>, <spn>Cubeba officinalis</spn>), native in Java and Borneo, but now cultivated in various tropical countries. The dried unripe fruit is much used in medicine as a stimulant and purgative.</def>

<h1>Cubebic</h1>
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<hw>Cu*beb"ic</hw> <tt>(k?-b?b"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, cubebs; <as>as, <ex>cubebic</ex> acid (a soft olive-green resin extracted from cubebs)</as>.</def>

<h1>Cubhood</h1>
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<hw>Cub"hood</hw> <tt>(k?b"h??d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a cub.</def> <mark>[Jocose]</mark> "From <i>cubhood</i> to old age."

<i>W. B. Dawkins.</i>

<h1>Cubic kbk, Cubical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cu"bic</hw> <tt>(k?"b?k)</tt>, <hw>Cu"bic*al</hw> <tt>(-b?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>cubicus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/: cf.F. <ets>cubique</ets>. See <er>Cube</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the form or properties of a cube; contained, or capable of being contained, in a cube.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Isometric or monometric; <as>as, <ex>cubic</ex> cleavage</as>. See <er>Crystallization</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Cubic equation</col>, <cd>an equation in which the highest power of the unknown quantity is a cube.</cd> -- <col>Cubic foot</col>, <cd>a volume equivalent to a cubical solid which measures a foot in each of its dimensions.</cd> -- <col>Cubic number</col>, <cd>a number produced by multiplying a number into itself, and that product again by the same number. See <er>Cube</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cubical parabola</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>two curves of the third degree, one plane, and one on space of three dimensions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cubic</h1>
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<hw>Cu"bic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve of the third degree.</def>

<cs><col>Circular cubic</col>. <cd>See under <er>Circular</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cubically</h1>
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<hw>Cu"bic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a cubical method.</def>

<h1>Cubicalness</h1>
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<hw>Cu"bic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being cubical.</def>

<h1>Cubicle</h1>
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<hw>Cu"bi*cle</hw> <tt>(k?"b?-k'l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cubiculum</ets>.]</ety> <def>A loding room; esp., a sleeping place partitioned off from a large dormitory.</def>

<h1>Cubicular</h1>
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<hw>Cu*bic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(k?-??k"?-l?r)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cubicularis</ets>, fr. <ets>cubiculum</ets> a sleeping room, fr.  <ets>cubare</ets> to lie down.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a chamber or bedroom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Cubiform</h1>
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<hw>Cu"bi*form</hw> <tt>(k?"b?-f?rm)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the form of a cube.</def>

<h1>Cubile</h1>
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<hw>Cu*bi"le</hw> <tt>(k?-b?"l?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., bed.]</ety> <def>The lowest course of stones in a building.</def>

<h1>Cubilose</h1>
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<hw>Cu"bi*lose`</hw> <tt>(k?"b?-l?s`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>cubile</ets> bed, nest.]</ety> <def>A mucilagenous secretion of certain birds found as the characteristic ingredient of edible bird's-nests.</def>

<h1>Cubit</h1>
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<hw>Cu"bit</hw> <tt>(k?"b?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>cubitum</ets>, <ets>cubitus</ets>; elbow, ell, cubit, fr. (because the elbow serves fo<?/ <?/<?/aning upon) <ets>cubare</ets> to lie down, recline; cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ elbow, <?/<?/<?/<?/ to bend, stoop, <?/<?/<?/<?/ bent, stooping, humbacked. Cf. <er>Incumbent</er>, <er>Covey</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The forearm; the ulna, a bone of the arm extending from elbow to wrist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A measure of length, being the distance from the elbow to the extremity of the middle finger.</def>

<note>&hand; The cubit varies in length in different countries, the Roman cubit being 17,47 inches, the Greek 18,20, the Hebrew somewhat longer, and the English 18 inches.</note>

<h1>Cubital</h1>
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<hw>Cu"bit*al</hw> <tt>(k?"b?t-a]/>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>cubitalis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the cubit or ulna; <as>as, the <ex>cubital</ex> nerve; the <ex>cubital</ex> artery; the <ex>cubital</ex> muscle.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of the length of a cubit.</def>

<i>Sir. T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Cubital</h1>
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<hw>Cu"bit*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sleeve covering the arm from the elbow to the hand.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Cubited</h1>
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<hw>Cu"bit*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the measure of a cubit.</def>

<h1>Cubless</h1>
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<hw>Cub"less</hw> <tt>(k?b"l?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no cubs.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Cuboid</h1>
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<hw>Cu"boid</hw> <tt>(k?"boid)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cube</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Cube-shaped, or nearly so; <as>as, the <ex>cuboid</ex> bone of the foot</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bone of the tarsus, which, in man and most mammals, supports the metatarsals of the fourth and fifth toes.</def></def2>

<h1>Cuboidal</h1>
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<hw>Cu*boid"al</hw> <tt>(k?-boid"<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Cuboid.</def>

<h1>Cubo-octahedral</h1>
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<hw>Cu`bo-oc`ta*he"dral</hw> <tt>(k?`b?-?k`t?-h?dr<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Presenting a combination of a cube and an octahedron.</def>

<h1>Cubo-octahedron</h1>
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<hw>Cu`bo-oc`ta*he"dron</hw> <tt>(-dr?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A combination of a cube and octahedron, esp. one in which the octahedral faces meet at the middle of the cubic edges.</def>

<h1>Cuca</h1>
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<hw>Cu"ca</hw> <tt>(k??"k?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. native name.]</ety> <def>See <er>Coca</er>.</def>

<h1>Cucking stool</h1>
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<hw>Cuck"ing stool`</hw> <tt>(k<?/k"<?/ng st<?/<?/l`)</tt>. <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>scealfingst\'d3l</ets>, a word of similar meaning, allied to <ets>scealfor</ets> a diver, mergus avis; or possibly from F. <ets>coquine</ets> a hussy, slut, jade, f. of <ets>coquin</ets>, OE.  <ets>cokin</ets>, a rascal; or cf. Icel. <ets>k<?/ka</ets> to dung, <ets>k<?/kr</ets> dung, the name being given as to a disgracing or infamous punishment.]</ety> <def>A kind of chair formerly used for punishing scolds, and also dishonest tradesmen, by fastening them in it, usually in front of their doors, to be pelted and hooted at by the mob, but sometimes to be taken to the water and ducked; -- called also a <altname>castigatory</altname>, a <altname>tumbrel</altname>, and a <altname>trebuchet</altname>; and often, but not so correctly, a <altname>ducking stool</altname>.</def>

<i>Sir. W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Cuckold</h1>
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<hw>Cuck"old</hw> <tt>(k?k"?ld)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>kukeweld</ets>, <ets>cokewold</ets>, <ets>cokold</ets>, fr. OF.  <ets>coucoul</ets>, <ets>cucuault</ets>, the last syllable being modified by the OE. suffix <ets>-wold</ets> (see <er>Herald</er>); cf. F. <ets>cocu</ets> a cuckold, formerly also, a cuckoo, and L.  <ets>cuculus</ets> a cuckoo. The word alludes to the habit of the female cuckoo, who lays her eggs in the nests of other birds, to be hatched by them.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A man whose wife is unfaithful; the husband of an adulteress.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A West Indian plectognath fish (<spn>Ostracion triqueter</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cowfish.</def>

<h1>Cuckold</h1>
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<hw>Cuck"old</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.  <er>Cuckolded</er>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cuckolding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a cuckold of, as a husband, by seducing his wife, or by her becoming an adulteress.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cuckoldize</h1>
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<hw>Cuck"old*ize</hw> <tt>(-?z)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cuckold.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Cuckoldly</h1>
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<hw>Cuck"old*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the qualities of a cuckold; mean-spirited; sneaking.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cuckoldom</h1>
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<hw>Cuck"ol*dom</hw> <tt>(-?l-d?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of a cuckold; cuckolds, collectively.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Cuckoldry</h1>
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<hw>Cuck"old*ry</hw> <tt>(-?ld-r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a cuckold; the practice of making cuckolds.</def>

<h1>Cuckold's knot</h1>
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<hw>Cuck"old's knot`</hw> <tt>(k?k"?ldz n?t`)</tt>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A hitch or knot, by which a rope is secured to a spar, the two parts of the rope being crossed and seized together; -- called also <altname>cuckold's neck</altname>.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Cuckoo</h1>
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<hw>Cuck"oo</hw> <tt>(k??k"??)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>coccou</ets>, <ets>cukkow</ets>, F.  <ets>coucou</ets>, prob. of imitative origin; cf. L.  <ets>cuculus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, Skr. <ets>k<?/ki<?/a</ets>, G. <ets>kuckuk</ets>, D. <ets>koekoek</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird belonging to <spn>Cuculus</spn>, <spn>Coccyzus</spn>, and several allied genera, of many species.</def>

<note>&hand; The European cuckoo (<spn>Cuculus canorus</spn>) builds no nest of its own, but lays its eggs in the nests of other birds, to be hatched by them. The American yellow-billed cuckoo (<spn>Coccyzus Americanus</spn>) and the black-billed cuckoo (<spn>C. erythrophthalmus</spn>) build their own nests.</note>

<cs><col>Cuckoo bee</col> <fld>(Zool.)</fld>, <cd>a bee, parasitic in the larval stage in the nests of other bees, feeding either upon their food or larvae. They belong to the genera <spn>Nomada</spn>, <spn>Melecta</spn>, <spn>Epeolus</spn>, and others.</cd> -- <col>Cuckoo clock</col>, <cd>a clock so constructed that at the time for striking it gives forth sounds resembling the cry of the cuckoo.</cd> -- <col>Cuckoo dove</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a long-tailed pigeon of the genus <spn>Macropygia</spn>.  Many species inhabit the East Indies.</cd> -- <col>Cuckoo fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European red gurnard (<spn>Trigla cuculus</spn>). The name probably alludes to the sound that it utters.</cd> -- <col>Cuckoo falcon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any falcon of the genus <spn>Baza</spn>.  The genus inhabits Africa and the East Indies.</cd> -- <col>Cuckoo maid</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the wryneck; -- called also <altname>cuckoo mate</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Cuckoo ray</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a British ray (<spn>Raia miraletus</spn>).</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cuckoo spit</col>, &or; <col>Cuckoo spittle</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A frothy secretion found upon plants, exuded by the larvae of certain insects, for concealment; -- called also <altname>toad spittle</altname> and <altname>frog spit</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>A small hemipterous insect, the larva of which, living on grass and the leaves of plants, exudes this secretion. The insects belong to <spn>Aphrophora</spn>, <spn>Helochara</spn>, and allied genera.</cd> -- <col>Ground cuckoo</col>, <cd>the chaparral cock.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="354">
Page 354<p>

<h1>Cuckoobud</h1>
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<hw>Cuck"oo*bud"</hw> <tt>(k??k"??-b?d`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of <spn>Ranunculus</spn> (<spn>R. bulbosus</spn>); -- called also <altname>butterflower</altname>, <altname>buttercup</altname>, <altname>kingcup</altname>, <altname>goldcup</altname>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cuckooflower</h1>
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<hw>Cuck"oo*flow`er</hw> <tt>(-flou`?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of <spn>Cardamine</spn> (<spn>C. pratensis</spn>), or lady's smock. Its leaves are used in salads. Also, the ragged robin (<spn>Lychnis Flos-cuculi</spn>).</def>

<h1>Cuckoopint</h1>
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<hw>Cuck"oo*pint`</hw> <tt>(-p?nt`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Arum</spn> (<spn>A. maculatum</spn>); the European wake-robin.</def>

<h1>Cucquean</h1>
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<hw>Cuc"quean`</hw> <tt>(k?k"kw?n`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cucko</ets>ld + <ets>quean</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woman whose husband is unfaithful to her.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cucujo</h1>
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<hw>Cu*cu"jo</hw> <tt>(k??-k??"h?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fire beetle of Mexico and the West Indies.</def>

<h1>Cucullate kkl-lt &or; k-kllt, Cucullated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cu"cul*late</hw> <tt>(k?"k?l-l?t &or; k?-k?l"l?t)</tt>, <hw>Cu"cul*la`ted</hw> <tt>(-l?`t?d &or; -l?-t?d)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>cullatus</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>cucullus</ets> a cap, hood. See <er>Cowl</er> a hood.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hooded; cowled; covered, as with a hood.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the edges toward the base rolled inward, as the leaf of the commonest American blue violet.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the prothorax elevated so as to form a sort of hood, receiving the head, as in certain insects.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having a hoodlike crest on the head, as certain birds, mammals, and reptiles.</def>

<h1>Cuculoid</h1>
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<hw>Cu"cu*loid</hw> <tt>(k?k?-loid)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>cuculus</ets> a cuckoo + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or belonging to the cuckoos <fld>(Cuculid\'91)</fld>.</def>

<h1>Cucumber</h1>
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<hw>Cu"cum*ber</hw> <tt>(k?`k?m-b?r, <it>formerly</it> kou"k?m-b?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[OE. <ets>cucumer</ets>, <ets>cocumber</ets>, <ets>cucumber</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cucmis</ets>, gen.<ets>cucumeris</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>cocombre</ets>,F. <ets>concombre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A creeping plant, and its fruit, of several species of the genus <spn>Cucumis</spn>, esp. <spn>Cucumis sativus</spn>, the unripe fruit of which is eaten either fresh or picked. Also, similar plants or fruits of several other genera. See below.</def>

<cs><col>Bitter cucumber</col> <cd><fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the <spn>Citrullus &or; Cucumis Colocynthis</spn>. See<er>Colocynth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cucumber beetle.</col> <cd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small, black flea-beetle (<spn>Crepidodera cucumeris</spn>), which destroys the leaves of cucumber, squash, and melon vines.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The squash beetle.</cd> -- <col>Cucumber tree</col>.<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A large ornamental or shade tree of the genus <spn>Magnolia</spn> <spn>(M. acuminata)</spn>, so called from a slight resemblance of its young fruit to a small cucumber.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An East Indian plant (<spn>Averrhoa Bilimbi</spn>) which produces the fruit known as bilimbi.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Jamaica cucumber</col>, <col>Jerusalem cucumber</col></mcol>, <cd>the prickly-fruited gherkin (<spn>Cucumis Anguria</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Snake cucumber</col>, <cd>a species (<spn>Cucumis flexuosus</spn>) remarkable for its long, curiously-shaped fruit.</cd> -- <col>Squirting cucumber</col>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Ecbalium Elaterium</spn>) whose small oval fruit separates from the footstalk when ripe and expels its seeds and juice with considerable force through the opening thus made. See <er>Elaterium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Star cucumber</col>,<cd>a climbing weed (<spn>Sicyos angulatus</spn>) with prickly fruit.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cucumiform</h1>
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<hw>Cu*cu"mi*form</hw> <tt>(k?-k?"m?-f?rm)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cucumis</ets> cucumber + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a cucumber; having the form of a cylinder tapered and rounded at the ends, and either straight or curved.</def>

<h1>Cucumis</h1>
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<hw>Cu"cu*mis</hw> <tt>(k?k?--m?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., cucumber.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants including the cucumber, melon, and same kinds of gourds.</def>

<h1>Cucurbit Cucurbite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cu*cur"bit</hw> <hw>Cu*cur"bite</hw><hw> <tt>(k?-k?r"b?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>cucurbita</ets> a gourd: cf. F. <ets>cucurbite</ets>. See <er>Gourd</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A vessel of flask for distillation, used with, or forming part of, an alembic; a matrass; -- originally in the shape of a gourd, with a wide mouth. See <er>Alembic</er>.</def>

<h1>Cucurbitaceous</h1>
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<hw>Cu*cur`bi*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(-b?-t?"sh?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cucurbitac<?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a family of plants of which the cucumber, melon, and gourd are common examples.</def>

<h1>Cucurbitive</h1>
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<hw>Cu*cur"bi*tive</hw> <tt>(k?-k?r"b?-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the shape of a gourd seed; -- said of certain small worms.</def>

<h1>Cud</h1>
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<hw>Cud</hw> <tt>(k?d)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cudu</ets>, <ets>cwudu</ets>,<ets>cwidu</ets>,<ets>cweodo</ets>, of uncertain origin; cf, G. <ets>k<?/der</ets> bait, Icel. <ets>kvi<?/r</ets> womb, Goth. <ets>qipus</ets>. Cf. <er>Quid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That portion of food which is brought up into the mouth by ruminating animals from their first stomach, to be cheved a second time.</def>

<blockquote>Whatsoever parteth the hoof, and is cloven-footed, and cheweth the <b>cud</b>, among the beasts, that shall ye eat.
<i>Levit. xi. 3</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A portion of tobacco held in the mouth and chewed; a quid.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The first stomach of ruminating beasts.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<cs><col>To chew the cud</col>, <cd>to ruminate; to meditate; used with <i>of</i>; as, to <i>chew the cud</i> of bitter memories.</cd></cs>

<blockquote><b>Chewed the</b> thrice turned <b>cud</b>of wrath.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cudbear</h1>
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<hw>Cud"bear`</hw> <tt>(k?d"b?r`)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[Also <ets>cudbeard</ets>, corrupted fr. the name of Dr. <ets>Cuthbert</ets> Gordon, a Scotchman, who first brought it into notice.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A powder of a violet red color, difficult to moisten with water, used for making violet or purple dye. It is prepared from certain species of lichen, especially <spn>Lecanora tartarea</spn>.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A lichen (<spn>Lecanora tartarea</spn>), from which the powder is obtained.</def>

<h1>Cudden</h1>
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<hw>Cud"den</hw> <tt>(k?d"d'n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For sense 1, cf. Scot.<ets>cuddy</ets> an ass; for sense 2, see 3d <er>Cuddy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A clown; a low rustic; a dolt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The slavering <b>cudden</b>, propped upon his staff.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The coalfish. See 3d <er>Cuddy</er>.</def>

<h1>Cuddle</h1>
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<hw>Cud"dle</hw> <tt>(k?d"d'l)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Cuddled</er> <tt>(-d'ld)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cuddling</er> <tt>(-dl?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. for <ets>couthle</ets>, fr. <ets>couth</ets> known; cf. OE. <ets>kuppen</ets> to cuddle, or <ets>cu<?/lechen</ets> to make friends with. See<er>Couth</er>, <er>Uncouth</er>, <er>Can</er>.]</ety> <def>To <?/ie close or snug; to crouch; to nestle.</def>

<blockquote>She <b>cuddles</b> low beneath the brake;
Nor would she stay, nor dares she fly.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cuddle</h1>
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<hw>Cud"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To embrace closely; to foundle.</def>

<i>Forby.</i>

<h1>Cuddle</h1>
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<hw>Cud"dle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A close embrace.</def>

<h1>Cuddy</h1>
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<hw>Cud"dy</hw> <tt>(-d?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cudden</er>. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ass; esp., one driven by a huckster or greengrocer.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A blockhead; a lout.</def>

<i>Hood.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A lever mounted on a tripod for lifting stones, leveling up railroad ties, etc.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Cuddy</h1>
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<hw>Cud"dy</hw> <tt>(k?d"d?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. a contraction fr. D. <ets>kajuit</ets> cabin: cf. F.<ets>cahute</ets> hut.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small cabin: also, the galley or kitchen of a vessel.</def>

<h1>Cuddy</h1>
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<hw>Cud"dy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot.; cf. Gael. <ets>cudaig</ets>, <ets>cudainn</ets>, or E.<ets>cuttlefish</ets>, or <ets>cod</ets>, <ets>codfish</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>The coalfish (<spn>Pollachius carbonarius</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cudden</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cudgel</h1>
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<hw>Cudg"el</hw> <tt>(k?j"?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>kuggel</ets>; cf. G. <ets>keule</ets> club (with a round end), <ets>kugel</ets> ball, or perh. W. <ets>cogyl</ets> cudgel, or D. <ets>cudse</ets>, <ets>kuds</ets>, cudgel.]</ety> <def>A staff used in cudgel play, shorter than the quarterstaff, and wielded with one hand; hence, any heavy stick used as a weapon.</def>

<blockquote>He getteth him a grievous crabtree <b>cudgel</b> and . . . falls to rating of them as if they were dogs.
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Cudgel play</col>, <cd>a fight or sportive contest with cudgels.</cd> -- <col>To cross the cudgels</col>, <cd>to forbear or give up the contest; -- a phrase borrowed from the practice of cudgel players, who lay one cudgel over another when the contest is ended.</cd> -- <col>To take up cudgels for</col>, <cd>to engage in a contest in behalf of (some one or something).</cd></cs>

<h1>Cudgel</h1>
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<hw>Cudg"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cudgeled</er> or <er>Cudgelled</er> <tt>(-<?/ld)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cudgeling</er> or <er>cudgelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To beat with a cudgel.</def>

<blockquote>An he here, I would <b>cudgel</b> him like a dog.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To cudgel one's brains</col>, <cd>to exercise one's wits.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cudgeler</h1>
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<hw>Cudg"el*er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who beats with a cudgel.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cudgeller</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cudweed</h1>
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<hw>Cud"weed`</hw> <tt>(k?d"w?d`)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[Apparently fr.  <ets>cud</ets>. + <ets>weed</ets>, but perh. a corruption of <ets>cottonweed</ets>; or of <ets>cut weed</ets>, so called from its use as an application to cuts and chafings.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small composite plant with cottony or silky stem and leaves, primarily a species of <spn>Gnaphalium</spn>, but the name is now given to many plants of different genera, as <spn>Filago</spn>, <spn>Antennaria</spn>, etc.; cottonweed.</def>

<h1>Cue</h1>
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<hw>Cue</hw> <tt>(k<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[ OF. </ets>coue</ets>, </ets>coe</ets>, F. </ets>queue</ets>, fr. L.  </ets>coda</ets>, </ets>cauda</ets>, tail. Cf. <er>Caudal</er>, <er>Coward</er>, <er>Queue</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The tail; the end of a thing; especially, a tail-like twist of hair worn at the back of the head; a queue.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The last words of a play actor's speech, serving as an intimation for the next succeeding player to speak; any word or words which serve to remind a player to speak or to do something; a catchword.</def>

<blockquote>When my <b>cue</b> comes, call me, and I will answer.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A hint or intimation.</def>

<blockquote>Give them [the servants] their <b>cue</b> to attend in two lines as he leaves the house.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The part one has to perform in, or as in, a play.</def>

<blockquote>Were it my <b>cue</b>to fight, I should have known it
Without a prompter.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Humor; temper of mind.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A straight tapering rod used to impel the balls in playing billiards.</def>

<h1>Cue</h1>
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<hw>Cue</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form into a cue; to braid; to twist.</def>

<h1>Cue</h1>
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<hw>Cue</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>q</ets>, an abbreviation for <ets>quadrans</ets> a farthing.]</ety> <def>A small portion of bread or beer; the quantity bought with a farthing or half farthing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; The term was formerly current in the English universities, the letter </i>q</i> being the mark in the buttery books to denote such a portion.</note>

<i>Nares.</i>

<blockquote>Hast thou worn
Gowns in the university, tossed logic,
Sucked philosophy, eat <b>cues</b>?
<i>Old Play.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cuerpo</h1>
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<hw>Cuer"po</hw> <tt>(kw?r"p?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>cuerpo</ets>, fr. L. <ets>corpus</ets> body. See <er>Corpse</er>.]</ety> <def>The body.</def>

<cs><col>In cuerpo</col>, <cd>without full dress, so that the shape of the Body is exposed; hence, naked or uncovered.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Exposed <b>in cuerpo</b> to their rage.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cuff</h1>
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<hw>Cuff</hw> <tt>(k?f)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p</tt>. <er>Cuffed</er> <tt>(k<?/ft)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Cuffing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>kuffa</ets> to knock, push,<ets>kufva</ets> to check, subdue, and E. <ets>cow</ets>, v. t. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike; esp., to smite with the palm or flat of the hand; to slap.</def>

<blockquote>I swear I'll <b>cuff</b> you, if you strike again.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They with their quills did all the hurt they could,
And <b>cuffed</b> the tender chickens from their food.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To buffet.</def> "<i>Cuffed</i> by the gale."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Cuff</h1>
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<hw>Cuff</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fight; to scuffle; to box.</def>

<blockquote>While the peers <b>cuff</b> to make the rabble sport.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cuff</h1>
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<hw>Cuff</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A blow; esp.,, a blow with the open hand; a box; a slap.</def>

<blockquote>Snatcheth his sword, and fiercely to him flies;
Who well it wards, and quitten <b>cuff</b> with <b>cuff</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Many a bitter kick and <b>cuff</b>.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cuff</h1>
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<hw>Cuff</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. from F. <ets>coiffe</ets> headdress, hood, or coif; as if the cuff were a cap for the hand. Cf. <er>Coif</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The fold at the end of a sleeve; the part of a sleeve turned back from the hand.</def>

<blockquote>He would visit his mistress in a morning gown, band,short <b>cuffs</b>, and a peaked beard.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any ornamental appendage at the wrist, whether attached to the sleeve of the garment or separate;especially, in modern times, such an appendage of starched linen, or a substitute for it of paper, or the like.</def>

<h1>Cuffy</h1>
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<hw>Cuf"fy</hw> <tt>(k<?/f`f<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A name for a negro.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Cufic</h1>
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<hw>Cu"fic</hw> <tt>(k?`f?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[So called from the town of <ets>Cufa</ets>, in the province of Bagdad.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the older characters of the Arabic language.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Kufic</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cuinage</h1>
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<hw>Cuin"age</hw> <tt>(kw?n`?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>coinage</ets>.]</ety> <def>The stamping of pigs of tin, by the proper officer, with the arms of the duchy of Cornwall.</def>

<h1>Cuirass</h1>
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<hw>Cui*rass"</hw> <tt>(kw?-r?s`, &or; kw?`r?s; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cuirasses</plw>(-<?/z)</plu>. <ety>[ F.<ets>cuirasse</ets>, orig., a breas<?/plate of leather, for OF. <ets>cuir<?/e</ets>, <ets>cuirie</ets> influenced by It. <ets>corazza</ets>, or Sp. <ets>cora<?/<?/</ets>, fr. an assumed LL. <ets>coriacea</ets>, fr. L. coriacevs, adj., of leather, fr. <ets>corium</ets> leather, hide; akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ intestinal membrane, OSlav. <ets>skora</ets> hide, Lith. <ets>skura</ets> hide, leather. Cf. <er>Coriaceous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A piece of defensive armor, covering the body from the neck to the girdle</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The breastplate taken by itself.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>cuirass</i> covered the body before and behind. It consisted of two parts, a breast- and backpiece of iron fastened together by means of straps and buckles or other like contrivances. It was originally, as the name imports, made of leather, but afterward of metal.</note>
<i>Crose.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>An armor of bony plates, somewhat resembling a cuirass.</def>

<h1>Cuirassed</h1>
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<hw>Cui*rassed"</hw> <tt>(kw?-r?st` &or; kw?`r?st)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wearing a cuirass.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>Having a covering of bony plates, resembling a cuirass;- said of certain fishes.</def>

<h1>Cuirassier</h1>
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<hw>Cui`ras*sier"</hw> <tt>(kw?`r?s-s?r")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cuirassier</ets>. See <er>Curass</er>.]</ety> <def>A soldier armed with a cuirass.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Cuish</h1>
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<hw>Cuish</hw> <tt>(kw?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cuisse</ets> thigh, fr. L. <ets>coxa</ets> hip: cf. F. <ets>cuissard</ets>, OF, <ets>cuissot</ets>, armor for the thigh, cuish. Cf. <er>Hough</er>.]</ety> <def>Defensive armor for the thighs.</def> <altsp>[ Written also <asp>cuisse</asp>, and quish.]</altsp>

<h1>Cuisine</h1>
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<hw>Cui`sine"</hw> <tt>(kw?`z?n")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>coquina</ets> kitchen, fr. <ets>coquere</ets> to cook. See <er>Kitchen</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The kitchen or cooking department.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Manner or style of cooking.</def>

<h1>Culasse</h1>
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<hw>Cu`lasse"</hw> <tt>(ku`l?s")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>cul</ets> back.]</ety> <def>The lower faceted portion of a brilliant-cut diamond.</def>

<h1>Culdee</h1>
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<hw>Cul*dee"</hw> <tt>(k<?/l-d<?/" &or; k<?/l"d<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[ Prob. fr. Gael.<ets>cuilteach</ets>; cf. Ir. <ets>ceilede</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of a class of anchorites who lived in various parts of Scotland, Ireland, and Wales.</def>

<blockquote>The pure <b>Culdees</b>
Were Albyn's earliest priests of God.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cul-de-sac</h1>
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<hw>Cul`-de-sac"</hw> <tt>(ku`de-s?k" &or; kul`de-s?k")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Culs-de-sac</plw> <tt>(ku`- <i>or</i> kulz`-)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[ F., lit., bottom of a bag.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A passage with only one outlet, as a street closed at one end; a blind alley; hence, a trap.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>a position in which an army finds itself with no way of exit but to the front.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Any bag-shaped or tubular cavity, vessel, or organ, open only at one end.</def>

<h1>Culerage</h1>
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<hw>Cul"er*age</hw> <tt>(k?l"?r-?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Culrage</er>.</def>

<h1>Culex</h1>
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<hw>Cu"lex</hw> <tt>(k?"l?ks)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a gnat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of dipterous insects, including the gnat and mosquito.</def>

<h1>Culiciform</h1>
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<hw>Cu*lic"i*form</hw> <tt>(k?-l?s"i-f?rm)</tt>. <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>culex</ets> a gnat + <ets>-form</ets>:cf. F. <ets>culiciforme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Gnat-shaped.</def>

<h1>Culinarily</h1>
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<hw>Cu"li*na*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(k?`l?-n?-r?-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a kitchen; in connection with a kitchen or cooking.</def>

<h1>Culinary</h1>
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<hw>Cu"li*na*ry</hw> <tt>(k?"l?-n?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>culinarius</ets>, fr. <ets>culina</ets> kitchen, perh. akin to <ets>carbo</ets> coal: cf. F. <ets>culinare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to the kitchen, or to the art of cookery; used in kitchens; <as>as, a <ex>culinary</ex> vessel; the <ex>culinary</ex> art.</as></def>

<h1>Cull</h1>
<Xpage=354>

<hw>Cull</hw> <tt>(k?l)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Culled</er> <tt>(k?ld)</tt>; <tt>p. pr.& <?/<?/. n.</tt> <er>Culling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.<ets><?/ullen</ets>, OF. <ets>cuillir</ets>, <ets>coillir</ets>, F.<ets>cueillir</ets>, to gather, pluck, pick, fr. L. <ets>colligere</ets>. See <er>Coil</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Collect</er>.]</ety> <def>To separate, select, or pick out; to choose and gather or collect; <as>as, to <ex>cuil</ex> flowers</as>.</def>

<blockquote>From his herd he <b>culls</b>,
For slaughter, from the fairest of his bulls.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whitest honey in fairy gardens <b>culled</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cull</h1>
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<hw>Cull</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cully; a dupe; a gull. See <er>Gully</er>.</def>

<h1>Cullender</h1>
<Xpage=354>

<hw>Cul"len*der</hw> <tt>(k?l"l?n-d?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A strainer. See <er>Colander</er>.</def>

<h1>Culler</h1>
<Xpage=354>

<hw>Cull"er</hw> <tt>(k?l"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who piks or chooses; esp., an inspector who select wares suitable for market.</def>

<h1>Cullet</h1>
<Xpage=354>

<hw>Cul"let</hw> <tt>(k?l"l?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cull</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <def>Broken glass for remelting.</def>

<h1>Cullet</h1>
<Xpage=354>

<hw>Cul"let</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A dim. from F. <ets>cul</ets> back.]</ety> <def>A small central plane in the back of a cut gem. See <er>Collet</er>, 3 <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Cullibility</h1>
<Xpage=354>

<hw>Cul`li*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(-l?-b?l"?-ty)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>cully</ets> to trick, cheat.]</ety> <def>Gullibility.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Cullible</h1>
<Xpage=354>

<hw>Cul"li*ble</hw> <tt>(k?l"l?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Easily deceived; gullible.</def>

<h1>Culling</h1>
<Xpage=354>

<hw>Cull"ing</hw> <tt>(k?l"?ng)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who culls.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Anything separated or selected from a mass.</def>

<h1>Cullion</h1>
<Xpage=354>

<hw>Cul"lion</hw> <tt>(k?l"y?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>couillon</ets>, <ets>coillon</ets>, F. <ets>co<?/on</ets>, a vile fellow, coward, dupe, from OF. <ets>couillon</ets>, <ets>coillon</ets>, testicle, fr. <ets>il</ets> the scrotum, fr. L. <ets>coleus</ets> a leather bag, the scrotum.]</ety> <def>A mean wretch; a base fellow; a poltroon; a scullion.</def> "Away, base <i>cullions</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cullionly</h1>
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<hw>Cul"lion*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mean; base.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cullis</h1>
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<hw>Cul"lis</hw> <tt>(k<?/l"l<?/s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cole\'8bs</ets>, F. <ets>coulis</ets>, fr. OF. & F. <ets>couler</ets> to strain, to flow, fr. L. <ets>colare</ets> to filter, strain; cf. LL. <ets>coladicium</ets>. Cf. <er>Colander</er>.]</ety> <def>A strong broth of meat, strained and made clear for invalids; also, a savory jelly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When I am exellent at caudles
And <b>cullises</b> . . . you shall be welcome to me.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cullis</h1>
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<hw>Cul"lis</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cullises</plw> <tt>(-<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F.<ets>coulisse</ets> groove, fr. the same source as E. <ets>cullis</ets> broth.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A gutter in a roof; a channel or groove.</def>

<h1>Culls</h1>
<Xpage=354>

<hw>Culls</hw> <tt>(k?lz)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[From Cull,, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Refuse timber, from which the best part has been culled out.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any refuse stuff, as rolls not properly baked.</def>

<h1>Cully</h1>
<Xpage=354>

<hw>Cul"ly</hw> <tt>(k?l"l?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cullies</plw> <tt>(-l<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>cullion</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person easily deceived, tricked, or imposed on; a mean dupe; a gull.</def>

<blockquote>I have learned that . . . I am not the first <b>cully</b> whom she has passed upon for a countess.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cully</h1>
<Xpage=354>

<hw>Cul"ly</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cully</er>,<tt>n.</tt>, and cf. D. <ets>kullen</ets> to cheat, gull.]</ety> <def>To trick, cheat, or impose on; to deceive.</def> "Tricks to <i>cully</i> fools."

<i>Pomfret.</i>

<h1>Cullyism</h1>
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<hw>Cul"ly*ism</hw> <tt>(-?z'm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a cully.</def>

<blockquote>Less frequent instances of eminent <b>cullyism</b>.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cul</</</h1>
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<hw>Cul<?/<?/</hw> <tt>(k?lm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>culmus</ets> stark, stem; akin to <ets>colasmus</ets>. See<er>Halm</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The stalk or stem of grain and grasses (including the bamboo), jointed and usually hollow.</def>

<h1>Culm</h1>
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<hw>Culm</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. from W. <ets>cwlm</ets> knot or tie, applied to this species of coal, which is much found in balls or knots in some parts of Wales: cf. OE. <ets>culme</ets> smoke, soot.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Mineral coal that is not bituminous; anthracite, especially when found in small masses.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The waste of the Pennsylvania anthracite mines, consisting of fine coal, dust, etc., and used as fuel.</def>

<i> Raymond.</i>

<h1>Culmen</h1>
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<hw>Cul"men</hw> <tt>(k?l"m?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>cellere</ets> (in comp.) to impel; cf. <ets>celsus</ets> pushed upward, lofty.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Top; summit; acme.</def>

<i>R. North.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dorsal ridge of a bird's bill.</def>

<h1>Culmiferous</h1>
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<hw>Cul*mif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(k?l-m?f"?r-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>culmus</ets> stalk or stem + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>culmif<?/re</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having jointed stems or culms.</def>

<hr>
<page="355">
Page 355<p>

<h1>Culmiferous</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cul*mif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(k?l-m?f"?r-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[2d <ets>culm + -ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Containing, or abounding in, culm or glance coal.</def>

<h1>Culminal</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cul"mi*nal</hw> <tt>(k?l"m?-nal)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a culmen.</def>

<h1>Culminant</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cul"mi*nant</hw> <tt>(-n<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being vertical, or at the highest point of altitude; hence, predominant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Culminate</h1>
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<hw>Cul"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(k?l"m?-n?t)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Culminated</er> <tt>(-n?`t?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Culminating</er> (-n<?/`t<?/ng.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>cuimen</ets> top or ridge. See <er>Column</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reach its highest point of altitude; to come to the meridian; to be vertical or directly overhead.</def>

<blockquote>As when his beams at noon
<b>Culminate</b> from the equator.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reach the highest point, as of rank, size, power, numbers, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The reptile race <b>culminated</b> in the secondary era.
<i>Dana.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The house of Burgundy was rapidly <b>culminating</b>.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Culminate</h1>
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<hw>Cul"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(k?l"m?-n?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Growing upward, as distinguished from a laterral growth; -- applied to the growth of corals.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Culmination</h1>
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<hw>Cul"mi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(k?l`m?-n?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.<ets>culmination</ets>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The attainment of the highest point of altitude reached by a heavently body; passage across the meridian; transit.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attainment or arrival at the highest pitch of glory, power, etc.</def>

<h1>Culpa</h1>
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<hw>Cul"pa</hw> <tt>(k?l"p?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Negligence or fault, as distinguishable from <i>dolus</i> (deceit, fraud), which implies intent, <i>culpa</i> being imputable to defect of intellect, <i>dolus</i> to defect of heart.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Culpability</h1>
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<hw>Cul`pa*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(k?l`p?-b?l`?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Culpabilities</plw> <tt>(-t<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>culpabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being culpable.</def>

<h1>Culpable</h1>
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<hw>Cul"pa*ble</hw> <tt>(k?l"p?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>culpable</ets>, <ets>coulpable</ets>, <ets>coupable</ets>, F. <ets>coupable</ets>, formerly also <ets>coupable</ets>, formerly also <ets>coulpable</ets>, <ets>culpable</ets>, fr. L. <ets>culpabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>culpare</ets> to blame, fr. <ets>culpa</ets> fault.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Deserving censure; worthy of blame; faulty; immoral; criminal.</def>

<i>State Trials (1413).</i>

<blockquote>If he acts according to the best reason he hath, he is not <b>culpable</b>, though he be mistaken in his measures.
<i>Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Guilty; <as>as, <ex>clpable</ex> of a crime</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Cul"pa*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Cul"pa*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Culpatory</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cul"pa*to*ry</hw> <tt>(-t?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expressing blame; censuring; reprehensory; inculpating.</def>

<blockquote>Adjectives . . . commonly used by Latian authors in a <b>culpatory</b> sense.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Culpe</h1>
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<hw>Culpe</hw> <tt>(k?lp)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>coulpe</ets>, fr.L.<ets>culpa</ets>.]</ety> <def>Blameworthiness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Banished out of the realme . . . without <b>culpe</b>.
<i>E. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Culpon</h1>
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<hw>Cul"pon</hw> <tt>(k?l"p?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Coupon</er>.]</ety> <def>A shered; a fragment; a strip of wood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Culprit</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cul"prit</hw> <tt>(k?l"pr?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. corrupted for <ets>culpate</ets>, fr. Law Latin <ets>culpatus</ets> the accused, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>p</ets>. of L. <ets>culpare</ets> to blame. See <er>Culpable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One accused of, or ar<?/aigned for, a crime, as before a judge.</def>

<blockquote>An author is in the condition of a <b>culprit</b>; the public are his judges.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One quilty of a fault; a criminal.</def>

<h1>Culrage</h1>
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<hw>Cul"rage</hw> <tt>(k?l"r?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>culrage</ets>, <ets>culrache</ets>; prob. fr. F. <ets>cul</ets> the buttok + F. & E. <ets>rage</ets>; F. <ets>curage</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Smartweed (<spn>Polygonum Hydropiper</spn>).</def>

<h1>Cult</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cult</hw> <tt>(k?lt)</tt> <tt>n .</tt><ety>[F. <ets>culte</ets>, L. <ets>cultus</ets> care, culture, fr. <ets>colere</ets> to cultivate. Cf. <er>Cultus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Attentive care; homage; worship.</def>

<blockquote>Every one is convinced of the reality of a better self, and of. the<b>cult</b> or homage which is due to it.
<i>Shaftesbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A system of religious belief and worship.</def>

<blockquote>That which was the religion of Moses is the ceremonial or <b>cult</b> of the religion of Christ.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cultch</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cultch</hw> <tt>(k?lch;224)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Empty oyster shells and other substances laid down on oyster grounds to furnish points for the attachment of the spawn of the oyster.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>cutch</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Culter</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cul"ter</hw> <tt>(k?l"t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A colter. See <er>Colter</er>.</def>

<h1>Cultirostral</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cul`ti*ros"tral</hw> <tt>(-t?-r?s"tral)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cultirostres</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a bill shaped like the colter of a plow, or like a knife, as the heron, stork, etc.</def>

<h1>Cultirostres</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cul`ti*ros"tres</hw> <tt>(-tr?z)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>culter</ets> colter of a plow, knife + <ets>rostrum</ets> bill.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tribe of wading birds including the stork, heron, crane, etc.</def>

<h1>Cultivable</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cul"ti*va*ble</hw> <tt>(k?l"t?-v?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cultivable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being cultivated or tilled.</def>

<i>Todd.</i>

<h1>Cultivatable</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cul"ti*va`ta*ble</hw> <tt>(k?l"t?-v?`t?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cultivable.</def>

<h1>Cultivate</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cul"ti*vate</hw> <tt>(k?l"t?-v?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Cultivated</er> <tt>(-v?`t?d)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cultivating</er> <tt>(-v?`-t\'b5ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>cultivatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>cultivare</ets> to cultivate, fr. <ets>cultivus</ets> cultivated, fr. L. <ets>cultus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>colere</ets> to till, cultivate. Cf. <er>Colony</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bestow attention, care, and labor upon, with a view to valuable returns; to till; to fertilize; <as>as, to <ex>cultivate</ex> soil</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To direct special attention to; to devote time and thought to; to foster; to cherish.</def>

<blockquote>Leisure . . . to <b>cultivate</b> general literature.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To seek the society of; to court intimacy with.</def>

<blockquote>I ever looked on Lord Keppel as one of the greatest and best men of his age; and I loved and <b>cultivated</b> him accordingly.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To improve by labor, care, or study; to impart culture to; to civilize; to refine.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>cultivate</b> the wild, licentious savage.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The mind of man hath need to be prepared for piety and virtue; it must be <b>cultivated</b> to the end.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To raise or produce by tillage; to care for while growing; <as>as, to <ex>cultivate</ex> corn or grass</as>.</def>

<h1>Cultivation</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cul`ti*va"tion</hw> <tt>(k?l`t?-v?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cultivation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or act of cultivating; improvement for agricultural purposes or by agricultural processes; tillage; production by tillage.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bestowal of time or attention for self-improvement or for the benefit of others; fostering care.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of being cultivated; advancement in physical, intellectual, or moral condition; refinement; culture.</def>

<blockquote>Italy . . . was but imperfectly reduced to <b>cultivation</b> before the irruption of the barbarians.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cultivator</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cul"ti*va`tor</hw> <tt>(k?l"t?-v?`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cultivateur</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who cultivates; <as>as, a <ex>cultivator</ex> of the soil; a <ex>cultivator</ex> of literature.</as></def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An agricultural implement used in the tillage of growing crops, to loosen the surface of the earth and kill the weeds; esp., a triangular frame set with small shares, drawn by a horse and by handles.</def>

<note>&hand; In a broader signification it includes any complex implement for pulverizing or stirring the surface of the soil, as harrows, grubbers, horse hoes, etc.</note>

<h1>Cultrate kltrt, Cultrated</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw><hw>Cul"trate</hw> <tt>(k?l"tr?t)</tt>, <hw>Cul"tra*ted</hw> <tt>(-tr?-t?d)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cultratus</ets> knife-shaped, from<ets>culter</ets>, <ets>cultri</ets>, knife.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Sharp-edged and pointed; shaped like a pruning knife, as the beak of certain birds.</def>

<h1>Cultriform</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cul"tri*form</hw> <tt>(-tr?-f?rm)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>culter</ets>, <ets>cultri</ets>, knife + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a pruning knife; cultrate.</def>

<h1>Cultrivorous</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cul*triv"o*rous</hw> <tt>(k?l-tr?b"?-r?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>culter</ets>, <ets>cultri</ets>, knife + <ets>vorare</ets> to devour.]</ety> <def>Devouring knives; swallowing, or pretending to swallow, knives; -- applied to persons who have swallowed, or have seemed to swallow, knives with impunity.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Culturable</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cul"tur*a*ble</hw> <tt>(k?l"t?r-?-b'l; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of, or fit for, being cultivated; capable or becoming cultured.</def>

<i>London Spectator.</i>

<h1>Cultural</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cul"tur*al</hw> <tt>(k?l"t?r-a]/>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to culture.</def>

<h1>Culture</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cul"ture</hw> <tt>(k?l"t?r; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>culture</ets>, L. <ets>cultura</ets>, fr. <ets>colere</ets> to till, cultivate; of uncertain origin. Cf. <er>Colony</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of cultivating, or of preparing the earth for seed and raising crops by tillage; <as>as, the <ex>culture</ex> of the soil</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of, or any labor or means employed for, training, disciplining, or refining the moral and intellectual nature of man; as. the <i>culture</i> of the mind.</def>

<blockquote>If vain our toil
We ought to blame the<b>culture</b>, not the soil.
<i>Pepe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of being cultivated; result of cultivation; physical improvement; enlightenment and discipline acquired by mental and moral training; civilization; refinement in manners and taste.</def>

<blockquote>What the Greeks expressed by their <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, the Romans by their <b>humanitas</b>, we less happily try to express by the more artificial word <b>culture</b>.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The list of all the items of the general life of a people represents that whole which we call its <b>culture</b>.
<i>Tylor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Culture fluid</col>, <cd>a fluid in which the germs of microscopic organisms are made to develop, either for purposes of study or as a means of modifying their virulence.</cd></cs>

<h1>Culture</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cul"ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Cultured</er> <tt>(-t?rd; 135)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Culturing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cultivate; to educate.</def>

<blockquote>They came . . . into places well inhabited and <b>cultured</b>.
<i>Usher.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cultured</h1>
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<hw>Cul"tured</hw> <tt>(k?l"t?rd)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Under culture; cultivated.</def> "<i>Cultured</i> vales."

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by mental and moral training; disciplined; refined; well-educated.</def>

<blockquote>The sense of beauty in nature, even among <b>cultured</b> people, is less often met with than other mental endowments.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The cunning hand and <b>cultured</b> brain.
<i>Whittier.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cultureless</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cul"ture*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no culture.</def>

<h1>Culturist</h1>
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<hw>Cul"tur*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cultivator.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is an advocate of culture.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>culturists</b>, by which term I mean not those who esteem culture (as what intelligent man does not<?/) but those its exclusive advocates who recommend it as the panacea for all the ills of humanity, for its effects in cultivating the whole man.
<i>J. C. Shairp</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cultus</h1>
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<hw>Cul"tus</hw> <tt>(k?l"t?s)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl</tt>.; E. <plu>pl.<plw>Cultuses</plw> <tt>(-<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., cultivation, culture.  See <er>Cult</er>.]</ety> <def>Established or accepted religious rites or usages of worship; state of religious development. Cf.<er>Cult</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Cultus cod</h1>
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<hw>Cul"tus cod`</hw> <tt>(k?d`)</tt>. <ety>[Chinook <ets>cultus</ets> of little worth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cod</er>, and <i>Buffalo cod</i>, under <er>Buffalo</er>.</def>

<h1>Culver</h1>
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<hw>Cul"ver</hw> <tt>(k?"v?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>culfre</ets>, perh. fr. L. <ets>columba</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dove.</def> "<i>Culver</i> in the falcon's fist."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Culver</h1>
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<hw>Cul"ver</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <er>Culverin</er>.]</ety> <def>A culverin.</def>

<blockquote>Falcon and <b>culver</b> on each tower
Stood prompt their deadly hail to shower.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Culverhouse</h1>
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<hw>Cul"ver*house`</hw> <tt>(-hous`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dovecote.</def>

<h1>Culverin</h1>
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<hw>Cul"ver*in</hw> <tt>(k?l"v?r-?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[F. <ets>coulevrine</ets>, prop. fem. of <ets>couleuvrin</ets> like a serpent, fr. <ets>couleuvre</ets> adder, fr. L. <ets>coluber</ets>, <ets>colubra</ets>.]</ety> <def>A long cannon of the 16th century, usually an 18-pounder with serpent-shaped handles.</def>

<blockquote>Trump, and drum, and roaring <b>culverin</b>.
<i>Mac<?/ulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Culverkey</h1>
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<hw>Cul"ver*key`</hw> <tt>(-k?`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bunch of the keys or samaras of the ash tree.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An English meadow plant, perhaps the columbine or the bluebell squill (<spn>Scilla nutans</spn>).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A girl cropping <b>culverkeys</b> and cowslips to make garlands.
<i>Walton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Culvert</h1>
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<hw>Cul"vert</hw> <tt>(k?l"v?rt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from OF. <ets>coulouere</ets>, F. <ets>couloir</ets>, channel, gutter, gallery, fr. <ets>couler</ets> to flow. See <er>Cullis</er>.]</ety> <def>A transverse drain or waterway of masonry under a road, railroad, canal, etc.; a small bridge.</def>

<h1>Culvertail</h1>
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<hw>Cul"ver*tail`</hw> <tt>(k?l"v?r-t?l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>Dovetail.</def>

<h1>Culvertailed</h1>
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<hw>Cul"ver*tailed`</hw> <tt>(-t?ld`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>United or fastened by a dovetailed joint.</def>

<h1>Cumacea</h1>
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<hw>Cu*ma"ce*a</hw> <tt>(k?-m?"sh?-? or -s?-?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of marine Crustacea, mostly of small size.</def>

<h1>Cumbent</h1>
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<hw>Cum"bent</hw> <tt>(k?m"bent)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Recumbent</er>, <er>Covey</er>.]</ety> <def>Lying down; recumbent.</def>

<i>J. Dyer.</i>

<h1>Cumber</h1>
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<hw>Cum"ber</hw> <tt>(k?m"b?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Cumbered</er> <tt>(-b?rd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cumbering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>combren</ets>, <ets>cumbren</ets>,OF. <ets>combrer</ets> to hinder, from LL. <ets>cumbrus</ets> a heap, fr. L. <ets>cumulus</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets><?/<?/</ets> to increase, grow strong. Cf. <er>Cumulate</er>.]</ety> <def>To rest upon as a troublesome or useless weight or load; to be burdensome or oppressive to; to hinder or embarrass in attaining an object, to obstruct or occupy uselessly; to embarrass; to trouble.</def>

<blockquote>Why asks he what avails him not in fight,
And would but <b>cumber</b> and retard his flight?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Martha was <b>cumbered</b> about much serving.
<i>Luke x. 40.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cut it down; why <b>cumbereth</b> it the ground?
<i> Luke xiii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The multiplying variety of arguments, especially frivolous ones, . . . but <b>cumbers</b> the memory.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cumber</h1>
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<hw>Cum"ber</hw> <tt>(k?m"b?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>encombre</ets> hindrance, impediment. See Cuber,<tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>Trouble; embarrassment; distress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>comber</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>A place of much distraction and <b>cumber</b>.
<i> Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sage counsel in <b>cumber</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cumbersome</h1>
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<hw>Cum"ber*some</hw> <tt>(k<?/m"b<?/r-s<?/m)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Burdensome or hindering, as a weight or drag; embarrassing; vexatious; cumbrous.</def>

<blockquote>To perform a <b>cumbersome</b> obedience.
<i>Sir. P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not easily managed; <as>as, a <ex>cumbersome</ex> contrivance or machine</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He holds them in utter contempt, as lumbering, <b>cumbersome</b>, circuitous.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Cum"ber*some*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Cum"ber*some*ness</wf>,<tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Cumbrance</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cum"brance</hw> <tt>(k?m"br<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Encumbrance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Extol not riches then, the toil of fools,
The wise man's <b>cumbrance</b>, if not snare.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cumbrian</h1>
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<hw>Cum"bri*an</hw> <tt>(k?m"br?-a]/>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Cumberland, England, or to a system of rocks found there.</def>

<cs><col>Cumbrian system</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the slate or graywacke system of rocks, now included in the <i>Cambrian</i> or <i>Silurian</i> system; -- so called because most prominent at Cumberland.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cumbrous</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cum"brous</hw> <tt>(k?m"br?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rendering action or motion difficult or toilsome; serving to obstruct or hinder; burdensome; clogging.</def>

<blockquote>He sunk beneath the <b>cumbrous</b> weight.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That <b>cumbrous</b>and unwieldy style which disfigures English composition so extensively.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Giving trouble; vexatious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A clud of <b>cumbrous</b> gnats.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Cum"brous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Cum"brous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Cumene</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cu"mene</hw> <tt>(k?"m?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cumin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless oily hydrocarbon, <chform>C6H5.C3H7</chform>, obtained by the distillation of cuminic acid; -- called also <altname>cumol</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cumfrey</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cum"frey</hw> <tt>(k?m"fr?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Comfrey</er>.</def>

<h1>Cumic</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cu"mic</hw> <tt>(k?"m?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cuming</er>.</def>

<h1>Cumidine</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cu"mi*dine</hw> <tt>(k?"m?-d?n &or; -d?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cumin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A strong, liquid, organic base, <chform>C3H7.C6H4.NH2</chform>, homologous with aniline.</def>

<h1>Cumin</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cum"in</hw> <tt>(k?m"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.<ets>comin</ets>, AS. <ets>cymen</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cuminum</ets>, Gr.<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/; of Semitic origin, cf. Ar. <ets>kamm<?/n</ets>, Heb. <ets>kamm<?/n</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>comin</ets>, F. <ets>cumin</ets>. Cf. <er>Kummel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A dwarf umbelliferous plant, somewhat resembling fennel (<spn>Cuminum Cyminum</spn>), cultivated for its seeds, which have a bitterish, warm taste, with an aromatic flavor, and are used like those of anise and caraway.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cummin</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Rank-smelling rue, and <b>cumin</b> good for eyes.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Black cumin</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Nigella sativa</spn>) with pungent seeds, used by the Afghans, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cuminic</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cu*min"ic</hw> <tt>(k?-m?n"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, cumin, or from oil of caraway; <as>as, <ex>cuminic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Cuminic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>white crystalline substance, <chform>C3H7.C6H4.CO2H</chform>, obtained from oil of caraway.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cuminil</h1>
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<hw>Cu"mi*nil</hw> <tt>(k?"m?-n?l)</tt>, <tt>n .</tt> <def>A substance, analogous to benzil, obtained from oil of caraway.</def>

<h1>Cuminol</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cu"mi*nol</hw> <tt>(-n?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cuminic</ets> + L. <ets>ole</ets>um.]</ety> <def>A liquid, <chform>C3H7.C6H4.CHO</chform>, obtained from oil of caraway; -- called also <altname>cuminic aldehyde</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cummin</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cum"min</hw> <tt>(k?m"m?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Cumin</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Ye pay tithe of mint, and <b>cummin</b>.
<i> Matt. xxiii. 23.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cumshaw</h1>
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<hw>Cum"shaw</hw> <tt>(k?m"sha)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Chin. <ets>kom-tsie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A present or bonus; -- originally applied to that paid on ships which entered the port of Canton.</def>

<i> S. Wells Williams.</i>

<h1>Cumshaw</h1>
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<hw>Cum"shaw</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give or make a present to.</def>

<h1>Cumu-cirro-stratus</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cu"mu-cir`ro-stra"tus</hw> <tt>(k?`m\'b5-s?r`r?-str?"t?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>Nimbus, or rain cloud. See <er>Nimbus</er>, and <er>Cloud</er>.</def>

<h1>Cumulate</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cu"mu*late</hw> <tt>(k?"m?-l?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cumulated</er> <tt>(-l?`t?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cumulating</er> <tt>(-l?`t?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>cumulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cumulare</ets> to heap up, fr. <ets>cumulus</ets> a heap. See <er>Cumber</er>.]</ety> <def>To gather or throw into a heap; to heap together; to accumulate.</def>

<blockquote>Shoals of shells, bedded and <b>cumulated</b> heap upon heap.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cumulation</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cu`mu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(k?`m?-l?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cumulation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of heaping together; a heap. See <er>Accumulation</er>.</def>

<h1>Cumulatist</h1>
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<hw>Cu"mu*la*tist</hw> <tt>(k?"m?-l?-t?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who accumulates; one who collects.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cumulative</h1>
<Xpage=355>

<hw>Cu"mu*la*tive</hw> <tt>(k?"m?-l?-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cumulatif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Composed of parts in a heap; forming a mass; agregated.</def> "As for knowledge which man receiveth by teaching, it is <i>cumulative</i>, njt original."

<i>Bacon</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Augmenting, gaining, or giving force, by successive additions; <as>as, a <ex>cumulative</ex> argument, <ex>i</ex></as>. <i>e</i>., one whose force increases as the statement proceeds.</def>

<blockquote>The argument . . . is in very truth not logical and single, but moral and <b>cumulative</b>.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Tending to prove the same point to which other evidence has been offered; -- said of evidence.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Given by same testator to the same legatee; -- said of a legacy.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>  <i>Wharton.</i>

<hr>
<page="356">
Page 356<p>

<cs><col>Cumulative action</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>that action of certain drugs, by virtue of which they produce, when administered in small doses repeated at considerable intervals, the same effect as if given in a single large dose.</cd> -- <col>Cumulative poison</col>, <cd>a poison the action of which is cumulative.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cumulative vote</col> &or; <col>system of voting</col></mcol> <fld>(Politics)</fld>, <cd>that system which allows to each voter as many votes as there are persons to be voted for, and permits him to accumulate these votes upon one person, or to distribute them among the candidates as he pleases.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cumulose</h1>
<Xpage=356>

<hw>Cu"mu*lose`</hw> <tt>(k?"m?-l?s`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cumulus</er>.]</ety> <def>Full of heaps.</def>

<h1>Cumulostratus</h1>
<Xpage=356>

<hw>Cu"mu*lo*stra"tus</hw> <tt>(k?"m?-l?-str?"t?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>A form of cloud. See <er>Cloud</er>.</def>

<h1>Cumulus</h1>
<Xpage=356>

<hw>Cu"mu*lus</hw> <tt>(k?"m?-l?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cumuli</plw> <tt>(-l<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., a heap. See <er>Cumber</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>One of the four principal forms of clouds. See<er>Cloud</er>.</def>

<h1>Cun</h1>
<Xpage=356>

<hw>Cun</hw> <tt>(k?n)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cond</er>.]</ety> <def>To con (a ship).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cun</h1>
<Xpage=356>

<hw>Cun</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Con</er>.]</ety> <def>To know. See <er>Con</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cunabula</h1>
<Xpage=356>

<hw>Cu*nab"u*la</hw> <tt>(k?-n?b"?-l?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., a cradle, earliest abode, fr. <ets>cunae</ets> cradle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The earliest abode; original dwelling place; originals; <as>as, the <ex>cunabula</ex> of the human race</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bibliography)</fld> <def>The extant copies of the first or earliest printed books, or of such as were printed in the 15th century.</def>

<h1>Cunctation</h1>
<Xpage=356>

<hw>Cunc*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(k?nk-t?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cunctatio</ets>, fr. <ets>cunctari</ets>, p.p. <ets>cunctatus</ets>, to delay.]</ety> <def>Delay; procrastination.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Cunctative</h1>
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<hw>Cunc"ta*tive</hw> <tt>(k?nk"t?-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Slow; tardy; dilatory; causing delay.</def>

<h1>Cunotator</h1>
<Xpage=356>

<hw>Cuno*ta"tor</hw> <tt>(k?nk-t?"t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., lit., a delayer; -- applied as a surname to Q. Fabius Maximus.]</ety> <def>One who delays or lingers.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Cunctipotent</h1>
<Xpage=356>

<hw>Cunc*tip"o*tent</hw> <tt>(k?nk-t?p"?-t<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cunctipotens</ets>; <ets>cunctus</ets> all + <ets>potens</ets> powerful.]</ety> <def>All-powerful; omnipotent.</def> <mark>[R]</mark> "God <i>cunctipotent</i>."

<i>Neale (Trans. Rhythm of St. Bernard).</i>

<h1>Cund</h1>
<Xpage=356>

<hw>Cund</hw> <tt>(k\'b5nd)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cond</er>.]</ety> <def>To con (a ship).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cundurango</h1>
<Xpage=356>

<hw>Cun`du*ran"go</hw> <tt>(k?n`d?-r?n"g?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The bark of a South American vine (<spn>Gonolobus Condurango</spn>) of the Milkweed family. It has been supposed, but erroneously, to be a cure for cancer.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>condurango</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cuneal</h1>
<Xpage=356>

<hw>Cu"ne*al</hw> <tt>(k?"n?-a]/>l)</tt>, <ety>[L. <ets>cuneus</ets> a wege. See <er>Coin</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to a wedge; wedge-shaped.</def>

<h1>Cuneate kn-t, Cuneated</h1>
<Xpage=356>

<hw><hw>Cu"ne*ate</hw> <tt>(k?"n?-?t)</tt>, <hw>Cu"ne*a`ted</hw> <tt>(-?`tEd)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>cuneatus</ets>, fr. <ets>cuneus</ets> a wege See<er>Coin</er>.]</ety> <def>Wedge-shaped; <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, wedge-shaped, with the point at the base; <as>as, a <ex>cuneate</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Cuneatic</h1>
<Xpage=356>

<hw>Cu`ne*at"ic</hw> <tt>(k?`n?-?t"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cuneiform.</def> "<i>Cuneatic</i> decipherment."

<i>Sayce.</i>

<h1>Cuneiform k-n-frm, Cuniform</h1>
<Xpage=356>

<hw><hw>Cu*ne"i*form</hw> <tt>(k?-n?"?-f?rm)</tt>, <hw>Cu"ni*form</hw> <tt>(k?"n?-f?rm)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cuneus</ets> a wedge + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cunei-forme</ets>. See <er>Coin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wedge-shaped; <as>as, a <ex>cuneiform</ex> bone</as>; -- especially applied to the wedge-shaped or arrowheaded characters of ancient Persian and Assyrian inscriptions. See <er>Arrowheaded</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or versed in, the ancient wedge-shaped characters, or the inscriptions in them.</def> "A <i>cuneiform</i> scholar."

<i>Rawlinson.</i>

<h1>Cuneiform, Cuniform</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cu*ne"i*form</hw>, <hw>Cu"ni*form</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The wedge-shaped characters used in ancient Persian and Assyrian inscriptions.</def>

<i>I. Taylor (The Alphabet).</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the three tarsal bones supporting the first, second third metatarsals. They are usually designated as external, middle, and internal, or <stype>ectocuniform</stype>, <stype>mesocuniform</stype>, and <stype>entocuniform</stype>, respectively.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the carpal bones usually articulating wich the ulna; -- called also <altname>pyramidal</altname> and <altname>ulnare</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cunette</h1>
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<hw>Cu*nette"</hw> <tt>(k?-n?t")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A drain trench, in a ditch or moat; -- called also <altname>cuvette</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cunner</h1>
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<hw>Cun"ner</hw> <tt>(k?n"n?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Conner</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small edible fish of the Atlantic coast (<spn>Ctenolabrus adspersus</spn>); -- called also <altname>chogset</altname>, <altname>burgall</altname>, <altname>blue perch</altname>, and <altname>bait stealer</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>conner</asp>.]</altsp> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small shellfish; the limpet or patella.</def>

<h1>Cunning</h1>
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<hw>Cun"ning</hw> <tt>(k?n"n?ng)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cunnan</ets> to know, to be able. See 1st <er>Con</er>, <er>Can</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Knowing; skillfull; dexterous.</def> "A <i>cunning</i> workman."

<i> Ex. xxxviii. 23.</i>

<blockquote>"Tis beauty truly blent, whose red and white
Nature's own sweet and <b>cunning</b> hand laid on.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Esau was a <b>cunning</b> hunter.
<i>Gen xxv. 27.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wrought with, or exibiting, skill or ingenuity; ingenious; curious; <as>as, <ex>cunning</ex> work</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Over them Arachne high did lift
<blockquote>Her <b>cunning</b> web.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Crafty; sly; artful; designid; deceitful.</def>

<blockquote>They are resolved to be <b>cunning</b>; let others run the hazard of being sincere.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Pretty or pleasing; as, a <b>cunning</b> little boy</def>. <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<i>Barlett.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Cunning</er>, <er>Artful</er>, <er>Sly</er>, <er>Wily</er>, <er>Crafty</er>.</syn> <usage> These epithets agree in expressing an aptitude for attaining some end by peculiar and secret means. <i>Cunning</i> is usually low; as, a <i>cunning</i> trick. <i>Artful</i> is more ingenious and inventive; as, an <i>artful</i> device. <i>Sly</i> implies a turn for what is double or concealed; as, <i>sly</i> humor; a <i>sly</i> evasion. <i>Crafty</i> denotes a talent for dexterously deceiving; as, a <i>crafty</i> manager. <i>Wily</i> describes a talent for the use of stratagems; as, a <i>wily</i> politician. "A<i>cunning</i> man often shows his dexterity in simply concealing. An <i>artful</i> man goes further, and exerts his ingenuity in misleading. A <i>crafty</i> man mingles cunning with art, and so shapes his actions as to lull suspicions. The young may be <i>cunning</i>, but the experienced only can be <i>crafty</i>. <i>Slyness</i> is a vulgar kind of cunning; the <i>sly</i> man goes cautiously and silently to work. <i>Wiliness</i> is a species of cunning or craft applicable only to cases of attack and defence."</usage>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Cunning</h1>
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<hw>Cun"ning</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cunnung</ets> trial, or Icel. <ets>kunnandi</ets> knowledge. See <er>Cunning</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Knowledge; art; skill; dexterity.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Let my right hand forget her <b>cunning</b>.
<i>Ps. cxxxvii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A carpenter's desert
Stands more in <b>cunning</b> than in power.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The faculty or act of using stratagem to accomplish a purpose; fraudulent skill or dexterity; deceit; craft.</def>

<blockquote>Discourage <b>cunning</b> in a child; <b>cunning</b> is the ape of wisdom.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We take <b>cunning</b> for a sinister or crooked wisdom.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cunningly</h1>
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<hw>Cun"ning*ly</hw> <tt>(k?n"n?ng-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a cunning manner; with cunning.</def>

<h1>Cunningman</h1>
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<hw>Cun"ning*man`</hw> <tt>(-m?n`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fortune teller; one who pretends to reveal mysteries.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Cunningness</h1>
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<hw>Cun"ning*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being cunning; craft.</def>

<h1>Cup</h1>
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<hw>Cup</hw> <tt>(k?p)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cuppe</ets>, LL. <ets>cuppa</ets> cup; cf. L. <ets>cupa</ets> tub, cask; cf. also Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ hut, Skr. <ets>k<?/pa</ets> pit, hollow, OSlav.  <ets>kupa</ets> cup. Cf. <er>Coop</er>, <er>Cupola</er>, <er>Cowl</er> a water vessel, and <er>Cob</er>, <er>Coif</er>, <er>Cop</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small vessel, used commonly to drink from; <as>as, a tin <ex>cup</ex>, a silver <ex>cup</ex>, a wine <ex>cup</ex></as>; especially, in modern times, the pottery or porcelain vessel, commonly with a handle, used with a saucer in drinking tea, coffee, and the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The contents of such a vessel; a cupful.</def>

<blockquote>Give me a <b>cup</b> of sack, boy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Repeated potations; social or exessive indulgence in intoxicating drinks; revelry.</def>

<blockquote>Thence from <b>cups</b> to civil broils.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is to be received or indured; that which is allotted to one; a portion.</def>

<blockquote>O my Father, if it be possible, let this <b>cup</b> pass from me.
<i>Matt. xxvi. 39.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Anything shaped like a cup; <as>as, the <ex>cup</ex> of an acorn, or of a flower</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The cowslip's golden <b>cup</b> no more I see.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cupping glass or other vessel or instrument used to produce the vacuum in cupping.</def>

<cs><col>Cup and ball</col>, <cd>a familiar toy of children, having a cup on the top of a piece of wood to which, a ball is attached by a cord; the ball, being thrown up, is to be caught in the cup; bilboquet. <i>Milman</i>.</cd>- <col>Cup and can</col>, <cd>familiar companions.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Dry cup</col>, <col>Wet cup</col></mcol> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a cup used for <i>dry</i> or <i>wet cupping</i>. See under <er>Cupping</er>.</cd> -- <col>To be in one's cups</col>, <cd>to be drunk.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cup</h1>
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<hw>Cup</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cupped</er> <tt>(k?pt)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cupping</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To supply with cups of wine.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Cup</b> us, till the world go round.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>To apply a cupping apparatus to; to subject to the operation of cupping. See <er>Cupping</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>To make concave or in the form of a cup; <as>as, to <ex>cup</ex> the end of a screw</as>.</def>

<h1>Cupbearer</h1>
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<hw>Cup"bear`er</hw> <tt>(-b?r`?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One whose office it is to fill and hand the cups at an enterainment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>One of the attendants of a prince or noble, permanently charged with the performance of this office for his master.</def> "I was the king's <i>cupbearer</i>."

<i>Neh. i. 11.</i>

<h1>Cupboard</h1>
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<hw>Cup"board</hw> <tt>(k?b"b?rd)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cup + <ets>board</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A board or shelf for cups and dishes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small closet in a room, with shelves to receive cups, dishes, food, etc.; hence, any small closet.</def>

<cs><col>Cupboard love</col>, <cd>interested love, or that which has an eye to the cupboard.</cd>  "A <i>cupboard love</i> is seldom true." <i>Poor Robin.</i> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To cry cupboard</col>, <cd>to call for food; to express hunger.</cd>  <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "My stomach cries cupboard." <i>W. Irving.</i></cs>

<h1>Cupboard</h1>
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<hw>Cup"board</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To collect, as into a cupboard; to hoard.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cupel</h1>
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<hw>Cu"pel</hw> <tt>(k?"p?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>cupella</ets> cup (cf. L. <ets>cupella</ets>, small cask, dim. of <ets>cupa</ets>) : cf. F. <ets>coupelle</ets>. See <er>Cup</er>, and cf. <er>Coblet</er>.]</ety> <def>A shallow porus cup, used in refining precious metals, commonly made of bone ashes (phosphate of lime).</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>coppel</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Cupel dust</col>, <cd>powder used in purifying metals.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cupel</h1>
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<hw>Cu*pel"</hw> <tt>(k?-p?l")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Cupelled</er> <tt>(-p?ld")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cupelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To refine by means of a cupel.</def>

<h1>Cupellation</h1>
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<hw>Cu`pel*la"tion</hw> <tt>(k?`p?l-l?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cupel</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of refining gold or silver, etc., in a cupel.</def>

<note>&hand; The process consist in exposing the cupel containing the metal to be assayed or refined to a hot blast, by which the lead, copper, tin, etc., are oxidized, dissolved, and carried down into the porous cupel, leaving the unoxidizable precious metal. If lead is not already present in the alloy it must be added before cupellation.</note>

<h1>Cupful</h1>
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<hw>Cup"ful</hw> <tt>(k?p"f?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cupfuls</plw> <tt>(-f<?/lz)</tt>.</plu> <def>As much as a cup will hold.</def>

<h1>Cup-gall</h1>
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<hw>Cup"-gall`</hw> <tt>(-g?l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of oak-leaf gall. See <er>Gall</er>.</def>

<h1>Cupid</h1>
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<hw>Cu"pid</hw> <tt>(k?"p?d)</tt>, <tt>n .</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>Cupido</ets>, fr. <ets>cupido</ets> desire, desire of love, fr. <ets>cupidus</ets>. See <er>Cupidity</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>The god of love, son of Venus; usually represented as a naked, winged boy with bow and arrow.</def>

<blockquote>Pretty dimpled boys, like smiling <b>cupids</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cupidity</h1>
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<hw>Cu*pid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(k?-p?d"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cupidite</ets>, L. <ets>cupiditas</ets>, fr. <ets>cupidus</ets> longing, desiring, fr. <ets>cupere</ets> to long for, desire. See <er>Covet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A passionate desire; love.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Eager or inordinate desire, especially for wealth; greed of gain; avarice; covetousness</def>.

<blockquote>With the feelings of political distrust were mingled those of <b>cupidity</b> and envy, as the Spaniard saw the fairest provinces of the south still in the hands of the accursed race of Ishmael.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cup-moss</h1>
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<hw>Cup"-moss`</hw> <tt>(k?p"m?s`; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of lichen, of the genus <spn>Cladonia</spn>.</def>

<h1>Cupola</h1>
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<hw>Cu"po*la</hw> <tt>(k?"p?-l?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cupolas</plw> <tt>(-l<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[It. <ets>cupola</ets>, LL. <ets>cupula</ets>, <ets>cuppula</ets> (cf. L. <ets>cupula</ets> little tub). fr. <ets>cupa</ets>, <ets>cuppa</ets>, cup; cf. L. <ets>cupa</ets> tub. So called on account of its resemblance to a cup turned over. See <er>Cup</er>, and cf.<er>Cupule</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A roof having a rounded form, hemispherical or nearly so; also, a celing having the same form. When on a large scale it is usually called <i>dome</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small structure standing on the top of a dome; a lantern.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A furnace for melting iron or other metals in large quantity, -- used chiefly in foundries and steel works.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A revoling shot-proof turret for heavy ordnance.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The top of the spire of the cochlea of the ear.</def>

<h1>Cupper</h1>
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<hw>Cup"per</hw> <tt>(k?p"p?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Fropm <ets>cup</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who performs the operation of cupping.</def>

<h1>Cupping</h1>
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<hw>Cup"ping</hw> <tt>(k?p"p?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The operation of drawing blood to or from the surface of the person by forming a partial vacuum over the spot. Also, sometimes, a similar operation for drawing pus from an abscess.</def>

<cs><col>Cupping glass</col>, <cd>a glass cup in which a partial vacuum is produced by heat, in the process of cupping.</cd> -- <col>Dry cupping</col>, <cd>the application of a cupping instrument without scarification, to draw blood to the surface, produce counter irritation, etc.</cd> -- <col>Wet cupping</col>, <cd>the operation of drawing blood by the application of a cupping instrument after scarification.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cupreous</h1>
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<hw>Cu"pre*ous</hw> <tt>(k?"pr?-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cupreus</ets>, fr.  <ets>cuprum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of copper or resembling copper; coppery.</def>

<h1>Cupric</h1>
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<hw>Cu"pric</hw> <tt>(k?"pr?k)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cuprum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, copper; containing copper; -- said of those compounds of copper in which this element is present in its lowest proportion.</def>

<h1>Cupriferous</h1>
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<hw>Cu*prif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(k?-pr?f"?r-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cuprum</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing copper; <as>as, <ex>cupriferous</ex> silver</as>.</def>

<h1>Cuprite</h1>
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<hw>Cu"prite</hw> <tt>(k?"pr?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The red oxide of copper; red copper; an important ore of copper, occurring massive and in isometric crystals.</def>

<h1>Cuproid</h1>
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<hw>Cu"proid</hw> <tt>(k?"proid)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cuprum</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>(Crystalloq.) A solid related to a tetrahedron, and contained under twelve equal triangles.</def>

<h1>Cup-rose</h1>
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<hw>Cup"-rose</hw> <tt>(k?p"r?z)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Red poppy. See <er>Cop-rose</er>.</def>

<h1>Cuprous</h1>
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<hw>Cu"prous</hw> <tt>(k?"pr?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cuprum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, copper; containing copper; -- said of those compounds of copper in which this element is present in its highest proportion.</def>

<h1>Cuprum</h1>
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<hw>Cu"prum</hw> <tt>(k?"pr?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Copper.</def>

<h1>Cupulate</h1>
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<hw>Cu"pu*late</hw> <tt>(k?"p?-l?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having or bearing cupeles; cupuliferous.</def>

<h1>Cupule</h1>
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<hw>Cu"pule</hw> <tt>(k?"p?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cupola</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A cuplet or little cup, as the acorn; the husk or bur of the filbert, chestnut, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sucker or acetabulum.</def>

<h1>Cupuliferous</h1>
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<hw>Cu`pu*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(k?`p?-l?f"?r-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cupule</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cupulif<?/re</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants ot which the oak and the chestnut are examples, -- trees bearing a smooth, solid nut inclosed in some kind of cup or bur; bearing, or furnished with, a cupule.</def>

<h1>Cur</h1>
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<hw>Cur</hw> <tt>(k?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>curre</ets>, <ets>kur</ets>; cf. dial. Sw. <ets>kurre</ets> dog, OD.  <ets>korre</ets> watchdog, and Icel. <ets>kurra</ets> to murmur, grumble, Sw. <ets>kurra</ets> to rumble, croak, Dan. <ets>kurre</ets> to coo, whirr; prob. of imitative origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mongrel or inferior dog.</def>

<blockquote>They . . . like to village <b>curs</b>,
Bark when their fellows do.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A worthless, snarling fellow; -- used in contempt.</def>

<blockquote>What would you have, you <b>curs</b>,
That like nor peace nor war?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curability</h1>
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<hw>Cur`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(k?r`?-b?l"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being curable; curableness.</def>

<h1>Curable</h1>
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<hw>Cur"a*ble</hw> <tt>(k?r"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>curable</ets>. See <er>Cure</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Capable of being cured; admitting remedy.</def> "<i>Curable</i> diseases." <i>Harvey</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Cur"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Cur`a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Cura\'87ao, Cura\'87oa</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cu`ra*\'87ao"</hw>, <hw>Cu`ra*\'87oa"</hw>,<hw> <tt>(k??`r?-s?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A liqueur, or cordial, flavored with orange peel, cinnamon, and mace; -- first made at the island of <i>Cura\'87cao</i>.</def>

<h1>Curacy</h1>
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<hw>Cu"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(k?"r?-s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Curacies</plw> <tt>(-s<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[See <er>Cure</er>, <er>Curate</er>.]</ety> <def>The office or employment of a curate.</def>

<h1>Curare Curari</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cu*ra"re</hw> <hw>Cu*ra"ri</hw><hw> <tt>(k?-r?"r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name. Cf. <er>Wourall</er>.]</ety> <def>A black resinoid extract prepared by the South American Indians from the bark of several species of <spn>Strychnos</spn> (<spn>S. toxifera</spn>, etc.). It sometimes has little effect when taken internally, but is quickly fatal when introduced into the blood, and used by the Indians as an arrow poison.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>urari</asp>, <asp>woorali</asp>, <asp>woorari</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Curarine</h1>
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<hw>Cu"ra*rine</hw> <tt>(k?"r?-r?n &or; k?-r?"r?n; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A deadly alkaloid extracted from the curare poison and from the <spn>Strychnos toxifera</spn>. It is obtained in crystalline colorless salts.</def>

<h1>Curarize</h1>
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<hw>Cu"ra*rize</hw> <tt>(-r?z)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To poison with curare.</def>

<h1>Curassow</h1>
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<hw>Cu*ras"sow</hw> <tt>(k?-r?s"s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name in Brazil.]</ety> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>A large gallinaceous bird of the American genera <spn>Crax</spn>, <spn>Ourax</spn>, etc., of the family <spn>Cracid\'91</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; The crested curassow (<spn>Crax alector</spn>) is black, and about the size of a small hen-turkey, with an erectile crest of curled feathers. It ranges from Mexico to Brazil. The galeated curassow or cushew bird (<spn>Ourax Pauxi</spn>) is similar in size, and has a large, hollow, blue, pear-shaped protuberance on the head.</note>

<h1>Curat</h1>
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<hw>Cu"rat</hw> <tt>(k?"r?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See<er>Cuirass</er>.]</ety> <def>A cuirass or breastplate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<hr>
<page="357">
Page 357<p>

<h1>Curate</h1>
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<hw>Cu"rate</hw> <tt>(k?"r?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>curatus</ets>, prop., one who is charged with the care (L. <ets>cura</ets>) of souls. See <er>Cure</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Cur<?/</er>]</ety> <def>One who has the cure souls; originally, any clergyman, but now usually limited to one who assist a rector or vicar</def>

<i>Hook.</i>

<blockquote>All this the good old man performed alone,
He spared no pains, for <b>curate</b> he had none.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curateship</h1>
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<hw>Cu"rate*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A curacy.</def>

<h1>Curation</h1>
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<hw>Cu*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(k?-r?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF.<ets>curacion</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cure; healing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Curative</h1>
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<hw>Cur"a*tive</hw> <tt>(k?r"?-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.<ets>curatif</ets>. See <er>Cure</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Relating to, or employed in, the cure of diseases; tending to cure.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Curator</h1>
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<hw>Cu*ra"tor</hw> <tt>(k?-r?"t?r)</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>curare</ets> to take care of, fr. <ets>cura</ets> care.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who has the care and superintendence of anything, as of a museum; a custodian; a keeper.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One appointed to act as guardian of the estate of a person not legally competent to manage it, or of an absentee; a trustee; a guardian.</def>

<h1>Curatorship</h1>
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<hw>Cu*ra"tor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a curator.</def>

<h1>Curatrix</h1>
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<hw>Cu*ra"trix</hw> <tt>(-tr?ks)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A woman who cures.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A woman who is a guardian or custodian.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Curb</h1>
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<hw>Curb</hw> <tt>(k?rb)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Curbed</er> <tt>(k?rbd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Curbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>courber</ets> to bend, curve, L.<ets>curvare</ets>, fr. <ets>curvus</ets> bent, curved; cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ curved. Cf. <er>Curve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bend or curve</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Crooked and <b>curbed</b> lines.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To guide and manage, or restrain, as with a curb; to bend to one's will; to subject; to subdue; to restrain; to confine; to keep in check.</def>

<blockquote>Part wield their arms, part <b>curb</b> the foaming steed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where pinching want must <b>curb</b>thy warm desires.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish wich a curb, as a well; also, to restrain by a curb, as a bank of earth.</def>

<h1>Curb</h1>
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<hw>Curb</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To bend; to crouch; to cringe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Virtue itself of vice must pardon beg,
Yea, <b>curb</b> and woo for leave to do him good.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curb</h1>
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<hw>Curb</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which curbs, restrains, or subdues; a check or hindbrance; esp., a chain or strap attached to the upper part of the branches of a bit, and capable of being drawn tightly against the lower jaw of the horse.</def>

<blockquote>He that before ran in the pastures wild
Felt the stiff <b>curb</b> control his angry jaws.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>By these men</b>, <b>religion</b>,<b>that should be</b>
The <b>curb</b>, is made the spur of tyranny.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An assemblage of three or more pieces of timber, or a metal member, forming a frame around an opening, and serving to maintain the integrity of that opening; also, a ring of stone serving a similar purpose, as at the eye of a dome.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A frame or wall round the mouth of a well; also, a frame within a well to prevent the earth caving in.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A curbstone.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A swelling on the back part of the hind leg of a horse, just behind the lowest part of the hock joint, generally causing lameness.</def>

<i>James Law.</i>

<cs><col>Curb bit</col>, <cd>a stiff bit having branches by which a leverage is obtained upon the jaws of horse. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Curb pins</col> <fld>(Horology)</fld>, <cd>the pins on the regulator which restrain the hairspring.</cd> -- <col>Curb plate</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a plate serving the purpose of a curb.</cd> -- <col>Deck curb</col>. <cd>See under <er>Deck</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Curbless</h1>
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<hw>Curb"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no curb or restraint.</def>

<h1>Curb roof</h1>
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<hw>Curb" roof`</hw> <tt>(r??f`)</tt>. <def>A roof having a double slope, or composed, on each side, of two parts which have unequal inclination; a gambrel roof.</def>

<h1>Curbstone</h1>
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<hw>Curb"stone`</hw> <tt>(k?rb"st?n`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stone <?/et along a margin as a and protection, as along the edge of a sidewalk next the roadway; an edge stone.</def>

<cs><col>Curbstone broker</col>.<cd>See under <er>Broker</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Curch</h1>
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<hw>Curch</hw> <tt>(k??rch)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Courche</er>.</def>

<h1>Curculio</h1>
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<hw>Cur*cu"li*o</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?"l?-?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Curculios</plw> <tt>(-<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., a grain weevil.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a large group of beetles (<spn>Rhynchophora</spn>) of many genera; -- called also <altname>weevils</altname>, <altname>snout beetles</altname>, <altname>billbeetles</altname>, and <altname>billbugs</altname>. Many of the species are very destructive, as the plum curculio, the corn, grain, and rice weevils, etc.</def>

<h1>Curculionidous</h1>
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<hw>Cur`cu*li*on"i*dous</hw> <tt>(k?r`-k?-l?-?n"?-d?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the <spn>Curculionide\'91</spn>, or weevil tribe.</def>

<h1>Curcuma</h1>
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<hw>Cur"cu*ma</hw> <tt>(k?r"k?-m?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F., It., & Sp. <ets>curcuma</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>kurkum</ets>. Cf. <er>Turmeric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants of the order <spn>Scitamine\'91</spn>, including the turmeric plant (<spn>Curcuma longa</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>Curcuma paper</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Turmeric paper</cref>, under <er>Turmeric</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Curcumin</h1>
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<hw>Cur"cu*min</hw> <tt>(-m?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The coloring principle of turmeric, or curcuma root, extracted as an orange yellow crystalline substance, <chform>C14H14O4</chform>, with a green fluorescence.</def>

<note>&hand; It possesses acid properties and with alkalies forms brownish salts. This change in color from yellow to brown is the characteristic reaction of tumeric paper. See <cref>Turmeric paper</cref>, under <er>Turmeric</er>.</note>

<h1>Curd</h1>
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<hw>Curd</hw> <tt>(k?rd)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. <ets>gruth</ets>, Ir, <ets>gruth</ets>, <ets>cruth</ets>, curd, <ets>cruthaim</ets> I milk.]</ety> <altsp>[Sometimes written <asp>crud</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The coagulated or thickened part of milk, as distingushed from the whey, or watery part. It is eaten as food, especially when made into cheese.</def>

<blockquote><b>Curds</b> and cream, the flower of country fare.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The coagulated part of any liquid.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The edible flower head of certain brassicaceous plants, as the broccoli and cauliflower.</def>

<blockquote>Broccoli should be cut while the <b>curd</b>, as the flowering mass is termed, is entire.
<i>R. Thompson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cauliflowers should be cut for use while the head, or <b>curd</b>, is still close and compact.
<i>F. Burr.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curd</h1>
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<hw>Curd</hw> <tt>(k?rd)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Curded</er>;<tt>p. pr. &\'b5 vb. n.</tt> <er>Curding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause to coagulate or thicken; to cause to congeal; to curdle.</def>

<blockquote>Does it <b>curd</b> thy blood
To say I am thy mother?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curd</h1>
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<hw>Curd</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become coagulated or thickened; to separate into curds and whey</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Curdiness</h1>
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<hw>Curd"i*ness</hw> <tt>(-?-n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being curdy.</def>

<h1>Curdle</h1>
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<hw>Cur"dle</hw> <tt>(k?r"d'l)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Curd</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Sometimes written <asp>crudle</asp> and <asp>cruddle</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To change into curd; to coagulate; <as>as, rennet causes milk to <ex>curdle</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To thicken; to congeal.</def>

<blockquote>Then Mary could feel her heart's blood <b>curdle</b> cold.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curdle</h1>
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<hw>Cur"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Curdled</er> <tt>(-d'ld)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Curdling</er> <tt>(-dl?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To change into curd; to cause to coagulate.</def> "To <i>curdle</i> whites of eggs"

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To congeal or thicken.</def>

<blockquote>My chill blood is <b>curdled</b> in my veins.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curdless</h1>
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<hw>Curd"less</hw> <tt>(k?rd"l?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of curd.</def>

<h1>Curdy</h1>
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<hw>Curd"y</hw> <tt>(k?rd"?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like curd; full of curd; coagulated.</def> "A <i>curdy</i> mass."

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Cure</h1>
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<hw>Cure</hw>> <tt>(k<?/r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF, <ets>cure</ets> care, F., also, cure, healing, cure of souls, L. <ets>cura</ets> care, medical attendance, cure; perh. akin to <ets>cavere</ets> to pay heed, E. <ets>cution</ets>. <ets>Cure</ets> is not related to <ets>care</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Care, heed, or attention. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Of study took he most <b>cure</b> and most heed.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Vicarages of great<b>cure</b>, but small value.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Spiritual charge; care of soul; the office of a parish priest or of a curate; hence, that which is committed to the charge of a parish priest or of a curate; a curacy; <as>as, to resign a <ex>cure</ex>; to obtain a <ex>cure</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The appropriator was the incumbent parson, and had the <b>cure</b> of the souls of the parishioners.
<i>Spelman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Medical or hygienic care; remedial treatment of disease; a method of medical treatment; <as>as, to use the water <ex>cure</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Act of healing or state of being healed; restoration to health from disease, or to soundness after injury.</def>

<blockquote>Past hope! past<b>cure</b>! past help.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I do <b>cures</b> to-day and to-morrow.
<i>Luke xii. 32.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Means of the removal of disease or evil; that which heals; a remedy; a restorative.</def>

<blockquote>Cold, hunger, prisons, ills without a <b>cure</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The proper <b>cure</b> of such prejudices.
<i>Bp. Hurd.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cure</h1>
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<hw>Cure</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.& p.p.</tt> <er>Cured</er> <tt>(k?rd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Curing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>curer</ets> to take care, to heal, F., only, to cleanse, L. <ets>curare</ets> to take care, to heal, fr.  <ets>cura</ets>. See <er>Cure</er>,.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To heal; to restore to health, soundness, or sanity; to make well; -- said of a patient.</def>

<blockquote>The child was <b>cured</b> from that very hour.
<i>Matt. xvii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To subdue or remove by remedial means; to remedy; to remove; to heal; -- said of a malady.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>cure</b> this deadly grief.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Then he called his twelve disciples together, and gave them power . . . to <b>cure</b> diseases.
<i>Luke ix. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To set free from (something injurious or blameworthy), as from a bad habit.</def>

<blockquote>I never knew any man <b>cured</b> of inattention.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To prepare for preservation or permanent keeping; to preserve, as by drying, salting, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>cure</ex> beef or fish; to <ex>cure</ex> hay.</as></def>

<h1>Cure</h1>
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<hw>Cure</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pay heed; to care; to give attention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To restore health; to effect a cure.</def>

<blockquote>Whose smile and frown, like to Achilles' spear,
Is able with the change to kill and <b>cure</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To become healed.</def>

<blockquote>One desperate grief <b>cures</b> with another's languish.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cur</</h1>
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<hw>Cu`r<?/"</hw> <tt>(k?`r?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>curatus</ets>. See <er>Curate</er>.]</ety> <def>A curate; a pardon.</def>

<h1>Cureall</h1>
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<hw>Cure"*all`</hw> <tt>(k?r"?l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A remedy for all diseases, o<?/ for all ills; a panacea.</def>

<h1>Cureless</h1>
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<hw>Cure"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of cure; incurable.</def>

<blockquote>With patience undergo
A <b>cureless</b> ill, since fate will have it so.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curer</h1>
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<hw>Cur"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who cures; a healer; a physician.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who prepares beef, fish, etc., for preservation by drying, salting, smoking, etc.</def>

<h1>Curette</h1>
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<hw>Cu*rette"</hw> <tt>(k?-r?t")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[F., fr. <ets>curer</ets> to cleanse.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A scoop or ring with either a blunt or a cutting edge, for removing substances from the walls of a cavity, as from the eye, ear, or womb.</def>

<h1>Curfew</h1>
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<hw>Cur"few</hw> <tt>(k?r"f?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>courfew</ets>, <ets>curfu</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>cuevrefu</ets>, <ets>covrefeu</ets>, F. <ets>couvre-feu</ets>; <ets>covrir</ets> to cover + <ets>feu</ets> fire, fr. L. <ets>focus</ets> fireplace, hearth. See <er>Cover</er>, and <er>Focus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The ringing of an evening bell, originally a signal to the inhabitants to cover fires, extinguish lights, and retire to rest, -- instituted by William the Conqueror; also, the bell itself.</def>

<blockquote>He begins at <b>curfew</b>, and walks till the first cock.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The village <b>curfew</b>, as it tolled profound.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A utensil for covering the fire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For pans, pots, <b>curfews</b>, counters and the like.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curia</h1>
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<hw>Cu"ri*a</hw> <tt>(k?"r?-?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Curle</plw> <tt>(-<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the thirty parts into which the Roman people were divided by Romulus.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The place of assembly of one of these divisions.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The place where the meetings of the senate were held; the senate house.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Middle Ages)</fld> <def>The court of a sovereign or of a feudal lord; also; his residence or his household.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Any court of justice.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The Roman See in its temporal aspects, including all the machinery of administration; -- called also <altname>curia Romana</altname>.</def>

<h1>Curialism</h1>
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<hw>Cu"ri*a*lism</hw> <tt>(k?"r?-?-l?z'm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The wiew or doctrins of the ultramontane party in the Latin Church.</def>

<i>Gladstone.</i>

<h1>Curialist</h1>
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<hw>Cu"ri*a*list</hw> <tt>(k?"r?-?-l?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who belongs to the ultramontane party in the Latin Church.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Curialistic</h1>
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<hw>Cu`ri*a*lis"tic</hw> <tt>(-l?s"t?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>curialis</ets> belonging to the imperial court, fr. <ets>curia</ets>, LL., also, counselors and retinue of a king.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to a court.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating or belonging to the ultramonate party in the Latin Church.</def>

<h1>Curiality</h1>
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<hw>Cu`ri*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(-?l"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>curialitas</ets> courtesy, fr. <ets>curialis</ets>.]</ety> <def>The privileges, prerogatives, or retinue of a court.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Curiet</h1>
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<hw>Cu"ri*et</hw> <tt>(k?"r?-?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cuirass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Curing</h1>
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<hw>Cur"ing</hw> <tt>(k?r"?ng)</tt>, <def><tt>p. a. & vb. n.</tt> of <er>Cure</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Curing house</col>, <cd>a building in which anything is cured; especially, in the West Indies, a building in which sugar is drained and dried.</cd></cs>

<h1>Curio</h1>
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<hw>Cu"ri*o</hw> <tt>(k?"r?-?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.<plw>Curios</plw> <tt>(-<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Abbreviation of <ets>curiosity</ets>.]</ety> <def>Any curiosity or article of virtu.</def><-- correct spelling! -->

<blockquote>The busy world, which does not hunt poets as collectors hunt for <i>curios</i>.
<i>F. Harrison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curiologic</h1>
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<hw>Cu`ri*o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(-?-l?j"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ speaking literally (applied to curiologic hieroglyphics); <?/<?/<?/<?/ authoritative, proper + <?/<?/<?/ word, thought. CF.<er>Cyriologic</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a rude kind of hieroglyphics, in which a thing is represented by its picture instead of by a symbol.</def>

<h1>Curiosity</h1>
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<hw>Cu`ri*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(k?`r?-?s"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Curiosities</plw> <tt>(-t<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>curiouste</ets>, <ets>curiosite</ets>, OF. <ets>curioset\'82</ets>, <ets>curiosit\'82</ets>, F.  <ets>curiosit<?/</ets>, fr. L. <ets>curiositas</ets>, fr. <ets>curiosus</ets>. See <er>Currious</er>, and cf. <er>Curio</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality or being curious; nicety; accuracy; exactness; elaboration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>When thou wast in thy gilt and thy perfume, they mocked thee for too much <b>curiosity</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A screen accurately cut in tapiary work . . . with great <b>curiosity</b>.
<i>Evelin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disposition to inquire, investigate, or seek after knowledge; a desire to gratify the mind with new information or objects of interest; inquisitiveness.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is curious, or fitted to excite or reward attention.</def>

<blockquote>We took a ramble together to see the <b>curiosities</b> of this great town.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There hath been practiced also a <b>curiosity</b>, to set a tree upon the north side of a wall, and, at a little hieght, to draw it through the wall, etc.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curioso</h1>
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<hw>Cu`ri*o"so</hw> <tt>(k??`r?-?"z? &or; k?`r?-?"s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Curiosos</plw> <tt>(-z<?/z <i>or</i> -s<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[It. See <er>Curious</er>.]</ety> <def>A virtuoso.</def>

<h1>Curious</h1>
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<hw>Cu"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(k?"r?-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>curios</ets>, <ets>curius</ets>, F. <ets>curieux</ets>, L. <ets>curiosus</ets> careful, inquisitive, fr. <ets>cura</ets> care. See <er>Cure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Difficult to please or satisfy; solicitous to be correct; careful; scrupulous; nice; exact.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Little <b>curious</b> in her clothes.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How shall we,
If he be <b>curious</b>, work upon his faith?
<i>Bean & <?/<?/</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exhibiting care or nicety; artfully constructed; elaborate; wrought with elegance or skill.</def>

<blockquote>To devise <b>curious</b> works.
<i>Ex. xxxv. 32</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His body couched in a <b>curious</b> bed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Careful or anxious to learn; eager for knowledge; given to research or inquiry; habitually inquisitive; prying; -- sometimes with <i>after</i> or <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>It is a pi<?/y a gentleman so very <b>curious</b> after things that were elegant and beatiful should not have been as <b>curious</b> as to their origin, their uses, and their natural history.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Exciting attention or inquiry; awakening surprise; inviting and rewarding inquisitiveness; not simple or plain; strange; rare.</def> "A<i>curious</i> tale"

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>A multitude of <b>curious</b> analogies.
<i>Mocaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Many a quaint and <b>curious</b>volume of forgotten lore.
<i>E. A. Poe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Abstruse investigations in recondite branches of learning or sciense often bring to light <b>curious</b> results.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Curious arts</col>, <cd>magic. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote>Many . . . which used <b>curious arts</b> brought their books together, and burned them.
<i>Acts xix. 19.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Inquisitive; prying. See <er>Inquisitive</er>.</syn>

<h1>Curiously</h1>
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<hw>Cu"ri*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a curious manner.</def>

<h1>Curiousness</h1>
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<hw>Cu"ri*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Carefulness; painstaking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>My father's care
With <b>curiousness</b> and cost did train me up.
<i> Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being curious; exactness of workmanship; ingenuity of contrivance.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Inquisitiveness; curiosity.</def>

<h1>Curl</h1>
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<hw>Curl</hw> <tt>(k?rl)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. &  p. p.</tt> <er>Curled</er> <tt>(k?rld)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Curling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>krullen</ets>, Dan. <ets>kr<?/lle</ets>, dial. Sw.  <ets>krulla</ets> to curl, crisp; possibly akin to E. <ets>crook</ets>. Cf. <er>Curl</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Cruller</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To twist or form into ringlets; to crisp, as the hair.</def>

<blockquote>But <b>curl</b> their locks with bodkins and with braid.
<i>Cascoigne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To twist or make onto coils, as a serpent's body.</def>

<blockquote>Of his tortuous train,
<b>Curled</b> many a wanton wreath in sight of Eve.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deck with, or as with, curls; to ornament.</def>

<blockquote>Thicker than the snaky locks
That <b>curled</b>Meg\'91ra.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Curling</b> with metaphors a plain intention.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To raise in waves or undulations; to ripple.</def>

<blockquote>Seas would be pools without the brushing air
To <b>curl</b> the waves.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Hat Making)</fld> <def>To shape (the brim) into a curve.</def>

<h1>Curl</h1>
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<hw>Curl</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To contract or bend into curis or ringlets, as hair; to grow in curls or spirals, as a vine; to be crinkled or contorted; to have a curly appearance; <as>as, leaves lie <ex>curled</ex> on the ground</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thou seest it [hair] will not <b>curl</b> by nature.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move in curves, spirals, or undulations; to contract in curving outlines; to bend in a curved form; to make a curl or curls.</def> "<i>Cirling</i> billows."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Then round her slender waist he <b>curled</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Curling</b> smokes from village tops are seen.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Gayly <b>curl</b> the waves before each dashing prow.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He smiled a king of sickly smile, and <b>curled</b> up on the floor.
<i>Bret Harte.</i></blockquote>

<-- p>. 358 -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To play at the game called <i>curling</i>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Curl</h1>
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<hw>Curl</hw> <tt>(k?rl)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>krul</ets>, Dan. <ets>kr<?/lle</ets>. See <er>Curl</er>, <tt>v.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A ringlet, especially of hair; anything of a spiral or winding form.</def>

<blockquote>Under a coronet, his flowing hair
In <b>curls</b> on either cheek played.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An undulating or waving line or streak in any substance, as wood, glass, etc.; flexure; sinuosity.</def>

<blockquote>If the glass of the prisms . . . be without those numberless waves or <b>curls</b> which usually arise from the sand holes.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A disease in potatoes, in which the leaves, at their first appearance, seem curled and shrunken.</def>

<cs><col>Blue curls</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Blue</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Curled</h1>
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<hw>Curled</hw> <tt>(l?rld)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having curls; curly; sinuous; wavy; <as>as, <ex>curled</ex> maple (maple having fibers which take a sinnuous course)</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Curled hair</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>the hair of the manes and tails of horses, prepared for upholstery purposes.</cd></cs>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<h1>Curledness</h1>
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<hw>Curl"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being curled; curliness.</def>

<h1>Curler</h1>
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<hw>Curl"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, curls.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A player at the game called <i>curling</i>.</def>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Curlew</h1>
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<hw>Cur"lew</hw> <tt>(k?r"l?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>courlieu</ets>, <ets>corlieu</ets>, <ets>courlis</ets>; perh. of imitative origin, but cf. OF. <ets>corlieus</ets> courier; L. <ets>currere</ets> to run + <ets>levis</ets> light.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wading bird of the genus <spn>Numenius</spn>, remarkable for its long, slender, curved bill.</def>

<note>&hand; The common European curlew is <spn>N. arquatus</spn>. The long-billed (<spn>N. longirostris</spn>), the Hudsonian (<spn>N. Hudsonicus</spn>), and the Eskimo curlew (<spn>N. borealis</spn>, are American species. The name is said to imitate the note of the European species.</note>

<cs><col>Curlew Jack</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>the whimbrel or lesser curlew.</cd> -- <col>Curlew sandpiper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a sandpiper (<spn>Tringa ferruginea, &or; subarquata</spn>), common in Europe, rare in America, resembling a curlew in having a long, curved bill. See <i>Illustation</i> in Appendix.</cd></cs>

<h1>Curliness</h1>
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<hw>Curl"i*ness</hw> <tt>(k?rl"?-n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being curly.</def>

<h1>Curling</h1>
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<hw>Curl"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of that which curls; <as>as, the <ex>curling</ex> of smoke when it rises; the <ex>curling</ex> of a ringlet</as>; also, the act or process of one who curls something, as hair, or the brim of hats.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A scottish game in which heavy weights of stone or iron are propelled by hand over the ice towards a mark.</def>

<blockquote><b>Curling</b> . . . is an amusement of the winter, and played on the ice, by sliding from one mark to another great stones of 40 to 70 pounds weight, of a hemispherical form, with an iron or wooden handle at top. The object of the player is to lay his stone as near to the mark as possible, to guard that of his partner, which has been well laid before, or to strike off that of his antagonist.
<i>Pennant (Tour in Scotland. 1772).</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Curling irons</col>, <col>Curling tong</col></mcol>, <cd>an instrument for curling the hair; -- commonly heated when used.</cd></cs>

<h1>Curlingly</h1>
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<hw>Curl"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With a curl, or curls.</def>

<h1>Curly</h1>
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<hw>Curl"y</hw> <tt>(k?rl"?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Curling or tending to curl; having curls; full of ripples; crinkled.</def>

<h1>Curlycue</h1>
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<hw>Curl"y*cue</hw> <tt>(k?rl"?-k?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>caracole</ets>.]</ety> <def>Some thing curled or spiral,, as a flourish made with a pen on paper, or with skates on the ice; a trick; a frolicsome caper.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes written <asp>carlicue</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[ Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>To cut a curlycue</col>, <cd>to make a flourish; to cut a caper.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>I gave a flourishing about the room and <b>cut a curlycue</b> with my right foot.
<i>McClintock.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curmudgeon</h1>
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<hw>Cur*mudg"eon</hw> <tt>(k?r-m?j"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cornmudgin</ets>, where <ets>-mudgin</ets> is prob. from OF. <ets>muchier</ets>, <ets>mucier</ets>, F. <ets>musser</ets> to hide; of uncertain origin; cf. OE. <ets>muchares</ets> skulking thieves, E. <ets>miche</ets>, <ets>micher</ets>.]</ety> <def>An avaricious, grasping fellow; a miser; a niggard; a churl.</def>

<blockquote>A gray-headed <b>curmudgeon</b> of a negro.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curmudgeonly</h1>
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<hw>Cur*mudg"eon*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a curmudgeon; niggardly; churlish; <as>as, a <ex>curmudgeonly</ex> fellow</as>.</def>

<h1>Curmurring</h1>
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<hw>Cur*mur"ring</hw> <tt>(k?r-m?r"r?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Murmuring; grumbling; -- sometimes applied to the rumbling produced by a slight attack of the gripes.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Curr</h1>
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<hw>Curr</hw> <tt>(k?r)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Prob. imitative.]</ety> <def>To coo.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>The owlets hoot, the owlets <b>curr</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Currant</h1>
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<hw>Cur"rant</hw> <tt>(k?r"r<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>corinthe</ets> (raisins de <ets>Corinthe</ets> raisins of Corinth) currant (in sense 1), from the city of <ets>Corinth</ets> in Greece, whence, probably, the small dried grape (1) was first imported, the <ets>Ribes</ets> fruit (2) receiving the name from its resemblance to that grape.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A small kind of seedless raisin, imported from the Levant, chiefly from Zante and Cephalonia; -- used in cookery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The acid fruit or berry of the <spn>Ribes rubrum</spn> or common red currant, or of its variety, the white currant.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shrub or bush of several species of the genus <spn>Ribes</spn> (a genus also including the gooseberry); esp., the <spn>Ribes rubrum</spn>.</def>

<cs><col>Black currant</col>,<cd>a shrub or bush (<spn>Ribes nigrum</spn> and <spn>R. floridum</spn>) and its black, strong-flavored, tonic fruit.</cd> -- <col>Cherry currant</col>, <cd>a variety of the red currant, having a strong, symmetrical bush and a very large berry.</cd> -- <col>Currant borer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of an insect that bores into the pith and kills currant bushes; specif., the larvae of a small clearwing moth (<spn>\'92geria tipuliformis</spn>) and a longicorn beetle (<spn>Psenocerus supernotatus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Currant worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an insect larva which eats the leaves or fruit of the currant. The most injurious are the currant sawfly (<spn>Nematus ventricosus</spn>), introduced from Europe, and the spanworm (<spn>Eufitchia ribearia</spn>). The fruit worms are the larva of a fly (<spn>Epochra Canadensis</spn>), and a spanworm (<spn>Eupithecia</spn>).</cd> -- <mcol><col>Flowering currant</col>, <col>Missouri currant</col></mcol>, <cd>a species of <spn>Ribes</spn> (<spn>R. aureum</spn>), having showy yellow flowers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Currency</h1>
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<hw>Cur"ren*cy</hw> <tt>(k?r"r?n-c?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Currencies</plw> <tt>(-s<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>currentia</ets> a current, fr. L. <ets>currens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>currere</ets> to run. See <er>Current</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A continued or uninterrupted course or flow like that of a sream; <as>as, the <ex>currency</ex> of time</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state or quality of being current; general acceptance or reception; a passing from person to person, or from hand to hand; circulation; <as>as, a report has had a long or general <ex>currency</ex>; the <ex>currency</ex> of bank notes.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is in circulation, or is given and taken as having or representing value; <as>as, the <ex>currency</ex> of a country; a specie <ex>currency</ex>; esp., government or bank notes circulating as a substitute for metallic money.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fluency; readiness of utterance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Current value; general estimation; the rate at which anything is generally valued.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . takes greatness of kingdoms according to their bulk and <b>currency</b>, and not after intrinsic value.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The bare name of Englishman . . . too often gave a transient <b>currency</b> to the worthless and ungrateful.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Current</h1>
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<hw>Cur"rent</hw> <tt>(k?r"r<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>currant</ets>, OF. <ets>curant</ets>, <ets>corant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>curre</ets>, <ets>corre</ets>, F.  <ets>courre</ets>, <ets>courir</ets>, to run, from L. <ets>currere</ets>; perh. akin to E.  <ets>horse</ets>. Cf.  <er>Course</er>, <er>Concur</er>, <er>Courant</er>, <er>Coranto</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Running or moving rapidly.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Like the <b>current</b> fire, that renneth
Upon a cord.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To chase a creature that was <b>current</b> then
In these wild woods, the hart with golden horns.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Now passing, as time; <as>as, the <ex>current</ex> month</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Passing from person to person, or from hand to hand; circulating through the community; generally received; common; <as>as, a <ex>current</ex> coin; a <ex>current</ex> report; <ex>current</ex> history.</as></def>

<blockquote>That there was <b>current</b> money in Abraham's time is past doubt.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Your fire-new stamp of honor is scarce <b>current</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His <b>current</b> value, which is less or more as men have occasion for him.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Commonly estimated or acknowledged.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Fitted for general acceptance or circulation; authentic; passable.</def>

<blockquote>O Buckingham, now do I play the touch
To try if thou be <b>current</b> gold indeed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Account current</col>. <cd>See under <er>Account</er>.</cd> -- <col>Current money</col>, <cd>lawful money.</cd></cs>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Current</h1>
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<hw>Cur"rent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>courant</ets>. See <er>Current</er>, <tt>a.</tt> ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A flowing or passing; onward motion. Hence: A body of fluid moving continuously in a certain direction; a stream; esp., the swiftest part of it; <as>as, a <ex>current</ex> of water or of air</as>; that which resembles a stream in motion; <as>as, a <ex>current</ex> of electricity</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Two such silver <b>currents</b>, when they join,
Do glorify the banks that bound them in.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The surface of the ocean is furrowed by <b>currents</b>, whose direction . . . the navigator should know.
<i>Nichol.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>General course; ordinary procedure; progressive and connected movement; <as>as, the <ex>current</ex> of time, of events, of opinion, etc.</as></def>

<cs><col>Current meter</col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring the velocity, force, etc., of currents.</cd> -- <col>Current mill</col>, <cd>a mill driven by a current wheel.</cd> -- <col>Current wheel</col>, <cd>a wheel dipping into the water and driven by the current of a stream or by the ebb and flow of the tide.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Stream; course. See <er>Stream</er>.</syn>

<h1>Currently</h1>
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<hw>Cur"rent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a current manner; generally; commonly; <as>as, it is <ex>currently</ex> believed</as>.</def>

<h1>Currentness</h1>
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<hw>Cur"rent*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being current; currency; circulation; general reception.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Easiness of pronunciation; fluency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When <b>currentness</b> [combineth] with staidness, how can the language . . . sound other than most full of sweetness?
<i>Camden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curricle</h1>
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<hw>Cur"ri*cle</hw> <tt>(k?r"r?-k'l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>curriculum</ets> a running, a race course, fr. <ets>currere</ets> to run. See <er>Current</er>, and cf. <er>Curriculum</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small or short course.</def>

<blockquote>Upon a <b>curricle</b> in this world depends a long course of the next.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A two-wheeled chaise drawn by two horses abreast.</def>

<h1>Curriculum</h1>
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<hw>Cur*ric"u*lum</hw> <tt>(k?r-r?k"?-l?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Curriculums</plw>  (-l<?/mz), L. <plw>Curricula</plw> <tt>(-l<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. See <er>Curricle</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A race course; a place for running.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A course; particularly, a specified fixed course of study, as in a university.</def>

<h1>Currie</h1>
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<hw>Cur"rie</hw> <tt>(k?r"r?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See 2d & 3d <er>Curry</er>.</def>

<h1>Curried</h1>
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<hw>Cur"ried</hw> <tt>(-r<?/d)</tt>, <tt>p.a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Curry</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and <er>Curry</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Dressed by currying; cleaned; prepared.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Prepared with curry; <as>as, <ex>curried</ex> rice, fowl, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Currier</h1>
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<hw>Cur"ri*er</hw> <tt>(k?"r?-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From 1st <er>Curry</er>.]</ety> <def>One who curries and dresses leather, after it is tanned.</def>

<h1>Currish</h1>
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<hw>Cur"rish</hw> <tt>(k?r"r?sh)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Cur</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the qualities, or exhibiting the characteristics, of a cur; snarling; quarrelsome; snappish; churlish; hence, also malicious; malignant; brutal.</def>

<blockquote>Thy <b>currish</b> spirit
Governed a wolf.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some <b>currish</b> plot, -- some trick.
<i>Lockhart.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Cur"rish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Cur"rish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Curry</h1>
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<hw>Cur"ry</hw> <tt>(k?r"r?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Curried</er> <tt>(-r?d)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Currying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>curraien</ets>, <ets>curreien</ets>, OF. <ets>cunreer</ets>, <ets>correier</ets>, to prepare, arrange, furnish, curry (a horse), F. <ets>corroyer</ets> to curry (leather) (cf. OF. <ets>conrei</ets>, <ets>conroi</ets>, order, arrangement, LL. <ets>conredium</ets>); <ets>cor-</ets> (L.<ets>com-</ets>) + <ets>roi</ets>, <ets>rei</ets>, arrangement, order; prob. of German origin, and akin to E. <ets>ready</ets>. See <er>Ready</er>, <er>Greith</er>, and cf. <er>Corody</er>, <er>Array</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dress or prepare for use by a process of scraping, cleansing, beating, smoothing, and coloring; -- said of leather.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dress the hair or coat of (a horse, ox, or the like) with a currycomb and brush; to comb, as a horse, in order to make clean.</def>

<blockquote>Your short horse is soon <b>curried</b>.
<i>Beau. & FL.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To beat or bruise; to drub; -- said of persons.</def>

<blockquote>I have seen him <b>curry</b> a fellow's carcass handsomely.
<i>Beau. & FL.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To curry favor</col>, <cd>to seek to gain favor by flattery or attentions. See <er>Favor</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Curry</h1>
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<hw>Cur"ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Tamil <ets>kari</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>currie</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A kind of sauce much used in India, containing garlic, pepper, ginger, and other strong spices.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stew of fowl, fish, or game, cooked with curry.</def>

<cs><col>Curry powder</col> <fld>(Cookery)</fld>, <cd>a condiment used for making curry, formed of various materials, including strong spices, as pepper, ginger, garlic, coriander seed, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Curry</h1>
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<hw>Cur"ry</hw> <tt>(k?r"r?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To flavor or cook with curry.</def>

<h1>Currycomb</h1>
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<hw>Cur"ry*comb`</hw> <tt>(k?r"r?-k?m`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of card or comb having rows of metallic teeth or serrated ridges, used in curryng a horse.</def>

<h1>Currycomb</h1>
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<hw>Cur"ry*comb`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To comb with a currycomb.</def>

<h1>Curse</h1>
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<hw>Curse</hw> <tt>(k?rs)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Cursed</er> <tt>(k?rst)</tt> or <er>Curst</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cursing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>cursian</ets>, <ets>corsian</ets>, perh. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. <ets>korse</ets> to make the sign of the cross, Sw. <ets>korsa</ets>, fr. Dan. & Sw. <ets>kors</ets> cross, Icel <ets>kross</ets>, all these Scand. words coming fr. OF.  <ets>crois</ets>, <ets>croiz</ets>, fr. L. <ets>crux</ets> cross. Cf. <er>Cross</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To call upon divine or supernatural power to send injury upon; to imprecate evil upon; to execrate.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt not . . . <b>curse</b> the ruler of thy people.
<i>Ex. xxii. 28.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ere sunset I'll make thee <b>curse</b> the deed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring great evil upon; to be the cause of serious harm or unhappiness to; to furnish with that which will be a cause of deep trouble; to afflict or injure grievously; to harass or torment.</def>

<blockquote>On impious realms and barbarous kings impose
Thy plagues, and <b>curse</b> 'em with such sons as those.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To curse by bell, book, and candle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bell</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Curse</h1>
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<hw>Curse</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To utter imprecations or curses; to affirm or deny with imprecations; to swear.</def>

<blockquote>Then began he to <b>curse</b> and to swear.
<i>Matt. xxi. 74.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His spirits hear me,
And yet I need must <b>curse</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curse</h1>
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<hw>Curse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>curs</ets>. See <er>Curse</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An invocation of, or prayer for, harm or injury; malediction.</def>

<blockquote>Lady, you know no rules of charity,
Which renders good for bad, blessings for <b>curses</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Evil pronounced or invoked upon another, solemnly, or in passion; subjection to, or sentence of, divine condemnation.</def>

<blockquote> The priest shall write these <b>curses</b> in a book.
<i>Num. v. 23.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Curses</b>, like chickens, come home to roost.
<i>Old Proverb.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The cause of great harm, evil, or misfortune; that which brings evil or severe affliction; torment.</def>

<blockquote>The common <b>curse</b> of mankind, folly and ignorance.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All that I eat, or drink, or shall beget,
Is propagated <b>curse</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The curse of Scotland</col> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld>, <cd>the nine of diamonds.</cd> -- <col>Not worth a curse</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cress</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Malediction; imprecation; execration. See <er>Malediction</er>.</syn>

<h1>Cursed</h1>
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<hw>Curs"ed</hw> <tt>(k?rs"?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deserving a curse; execrable; hateful; detestable; abominable.</def>

<blockquote>Let us fly this <b>cursed</b> place.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This <b>cursed</b> quarrel be no more renewed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cursedly</h1>
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<hw>Curs"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a cursed manner; miserably; in a manner to be detested; enormously.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Cursedness</h1>
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<hw>Curs"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being under a curse or of being doomed to execration or to evil.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wickedness; sin; cursing.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Shrewishness.</def> "My wife's <i>cursedness</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Curser</h1>
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<hw>Curs"er</hw> <tt>(k?rs"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who curses.</def>

<h1>Curship</h1>
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<hw>Cur"ship</hw> <tt>(k?r"sh?p)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cur</ets> +<ets>-ship</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being a cur; one who is currish.</def> <mark>[Jocose]</mark>

<blockquote>How durst he, I say, oppose thy <b>curship</b>!
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cursitating</h1>
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<hw>Cur"si*ta`ting</hw> <tt>(k?r"s?-t?`t?ng)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cursitor</er>.]</ety> <def>Moving about slightly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>H. Bushnell.</i>

<h1>Cursitor</h1>
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<hw>Cur"si*tor</hw> <tt>(k?r"s?-t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>cursitor</ets>, equiv. to L. <ets>cursor</ets>, fr. <ets>cursare</ets> to run hither and thither, fr. <ets>currere</ets> to run. See <er>Current</er>, and cf. <er>Cursor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A courier or runner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Cursitors</i> to and fro."

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng.Law)</fld> <def>An officer in the Court of Chancery, whose business is to make out original writs.</def>

<h1>Cursive</h1>
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<hw>Cur"sive</hw> <tt>(k?r"s?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>cursivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cursif</ets> See <er>Cursitor</er>.]</ety> <def>Running; flowing.</def>

<cs><col>Cursive hand</col>,<cd>a running handwriting.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cursive</h1>
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<hw>Cur"sive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A character used in cursive writing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A manuscript, especially of the New Testament, written in small, connected characters or in a running hand; -- opposed to <i>uncial</i>.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Cursor</h1>
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<hw>Cur"sor</hw> <tt>(k?r"s?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a runner. See <er>Cursitor</er>.]</ety> <def>Any part of a mathematical instrument that moves or slides backward and forward upon another part.</def>

<h1>Cursorary</h1>
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<hw>Cur"so*ra*ry</hw> <tt>(-s?-r?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cursory; hasty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With a <b>cursorary</b> eye o'erglanced the articles.

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cursores</h1>
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<hw>Cur*so"res</hw> <tt>(k?r-s?"rEz)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cursor</ets>, pl. <ets>cursores</ets>, a runner.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An order of running birds including the ostrich, emu, and allies; the Ratita\'91.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A group of running spiders; the wolf spiders.</def>

<h1>Cursorial</h1>
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<hw>Cur*so"ri*al</hw> <tt>(k?r-s?"r?-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Adapted to running or walking, and not to prehension; <as>as, the limbs of the horse are <ex>cursorial</ex></as>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Aves</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the <spn>Cursores</spn>.</def>

<h1>Cursorily</h1>
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<hw>Cur"so*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(k?r"s?-r?-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a running or hasty manner; carelessly.</def>

<h1>Cursoriness</h1>
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<hw>Cur"so*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being cursory; superficial performance; <as>as, <ex>cursoriness</ex> of view</as>.</def>

<h1>Cursory</h1>
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<hw>Cur"so*ry</hw> <tt>(k?r"s?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cursorius</ets>, fr. <ets>cursor</ets>. See <er>Cursor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Running about; not stationary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by haste; hastily or superficially performed; slight; superficial; careless.</def>

<blockquote>Events far too important to be treated in a <b>cursory</b> manner.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curst</h1>
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<hw>Curst</hw> <tt>(k?rst)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> of <er>Curse</er>.</def>

<h1>Curst</h1>
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<hw>Curst</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See<er>Curse</er>.]</ety> <def>Froward; malignant; mischievous; malicious; snarling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Though his mind
 Be ne'er so <b>curst</b>, his tonque is kind.
<i>Crashaw.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curstfully</h1>
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<hw>Curst"ful*ly</hw> <tt>(-f?l-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Peevishly; vexatiously; detestably.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Curstfully</i> mad.</def>"

<i>Marston.</i>

<hr>
<page="358">
Page 358<p>

<h1>Curtsness</h1>
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<hw>Curts"ness</hw> <tt>(k?rst"n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Peevishness; malignity; frowardness; crabbedness; surliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Curt</h1>
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<hw>Curt</hw> <tt>(k?rt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>curtus</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>kart</ets> to cut. Cf. <er>Curtail</er>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by exessive brevity; short; rudely concise; <as>as, <ex>curt</ex> limits; a <ex>curt</ex> answer.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>curt</b>, yet comprehensive reply.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curtail</h1>
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<hw>Cur*tail"</hw> <tt>(k?r-t?l")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Curtailed</er> <tt>(-t?ld")</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Curtailing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Curtal</er>.]</ety> <def>To cut off the end or tail, or any part, of; to shorten; to abridge; to diminish; to reduce.</def>

<blockquote>I, that am <b>curtailed</b> of this fair proportion.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our incomes have been <b>curtailed</b>; his salary has been doubled.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curtail</h1>
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<hw>Cur"tail</hw> <tt>(k?r"t?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The scroll termination of any architectural member, as of a step, etc.</def>

<h1>Curtail dog</h1>
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<hw>Cur"tail dog`</hw> <tt>(d<?/g`; 115)</tt>. <def>A dog with a docked tail; formerly, the dog of a person not qualified to course, which, by the forest laws, must have its tail cut short, partly as a mark, and partly from a notion that the tail is necessary to a dog in running; hence, a dog not fit for sporting.</def>

<blockquote>Hope is a <b>curtail dog</b> in some affairs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curtailer</h1>
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<hw>Cur*tail"er</hw> <tt>(k?r-t?l"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who curtails.</def>

<h1>Curtailment</h1>
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<hw>Cur*tail"ment</hw> <tt>(k?r-t?l"m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or result of curtailing or cutting off.</def>

<i>Bancroft.</i>

<h1>Curtain</h1>
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<hw>Cur"tain</hw> <tt>(k?r"t?n; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.<ets>cortin</ets>, <ets>curtin</ets>,fr. OF. <ets>cortine</ets>, <ets>curtine</ets>, F. <ets>courtine</ets>, LL. <ets>cortina</ets>, curtian (in senses 1 and 2), also, small court, small inclosure surrounded by walls, from <ets>cortis</ets> court. See <er>Court</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A hanging screen intended to darken or conceal, and admitting of being drawn back or up, and reclosed at pleasure; esp., drapery of cloth or lace hanging round a bed or at a window; in theaters, and like places, a movable screen for concealing the stage.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>That part of the rampart and parapet which is between two bastions or two gates. See <i>Illustrations</i> of <er>Ravelin</er> and <er>Bastion</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>That part of a wall of a building which is between two pavilions, towers, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A flag; an ensign; -- in contempt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Behind the curtain</col>, <cd>in concealment; in secret.</cd> -- <col>Curtain lecture</col>, <cd>a querulous lecture given by a wife to her husband within the bed curtains, or in bed.</cd></cs>

<i>Jerrold.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>curtain lecture</b> is worth all the sermons in the world for teaching the virtues of patience and long-suffering.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

--<cs> <col>The curtain falls</col>, <cd>the performance closes.</cd> -- <col>The curtain rises</col>, <cd>the performance begins.</cd> -- <col>To draw the curtain</col>, <cd>to close ot over an object, or to remove it;</cd> hence: <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To hide or to disclose an object.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To commence or close a performance.</cd> -- <col>To drop the curtain</col>, <cd>to end the tale, or close the performance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Curtain</h1>
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<hw>Cur"tain</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Curtained</er> <tt>(-t?nd; 48)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Curtaining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To inclose as with curtains; to furnish with curtains.</def>

<blockquote>So when the sun in bed
<b>Curtained</b> with cloudy red.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Curtal</h1>
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<hw>Cur"tal</hw> <tt>(k?r"t<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>courtault</ets>, F. <ets>courtaud</ets>, having a docked tail (cf. It. <ets>cortaldo</ets>), fr. <ets>court</ets> short, L. <ets>curtus</ets>. See <er>Curt</er>, and <er>Curtail</er>.]</ety> <def>Curt; brief; laconic.</def>

<blockquote>Essays and <b>curtal</b> aphorisms.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Curtal dog</col>. <cd>See <er>Curtail dog</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Curtal</h1>
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<hw>Cur"tal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A horse with a docked tail; hence, anything cut short.</def> <mark>[Obs]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Curtal axks, Curtle ax, Curtelasse</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cur"tal ax`</hw> <tt>(?ks`)</tt>, <hw>Cur"tle ax`</hw>, <hw>Curte"lasse</hw> <tt>(k?rt"l<it>as</it>)</tt><hw>. <def>A corruption of <er>Cutlass</er>.</def>

<h1>Curtal friar</h1>
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<hw>Cur"tal fri`ar</hw> <tt>(fr?`?r)</tt>. <def>A friar who acted as porter at the gate of a monastery.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Curtana</h1>
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<hw>Cur*ta"na</hw> <tt>(k?r-t?"n?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The pointless sword carried before English monarchs at their coronation, and emblematically considered as the sword of mercy; -- also called the <altname>sword of Edward the Confessor</altname>.</def>

<h1>Curtate</h1>
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<hw>Cur"tate</hw> <tt>(k?r"t?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>curtatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>curtare</ets> to shorten, fr. <ets>curtus</ets>. See <er>Curt</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Shortened or reduced; -- said of the distance of a planet from the sun or earth, as measured in the plane of the ecliptic, or the distance from the sun or earth to that point where a perpendicular, let fall from the planet upon the plane of the ecliptic, meets the ecliptic.</def>

<cs><col>Curtate cycloid</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Cycloid</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Curtation</h1>
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<hw>Cur*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(k?r-t?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The interval by which the curtate distance of a planet is less than the true distance.</def>

<h1>Curtein</h1>
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<hw>Cur*tein"</hw> <tt>(k?r-t?n")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Curtana</er>.</def>

<h1>Curtes</h1>
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<hw>Cur*tes"</hw> <tt>(k?r-t?s")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Courteous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.

<h1>Curtesy</h1>
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<hw>Cur"te*sy</hw> <tt>(k?r"t?-s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Curtesies</plw> <tt>(-s<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Either fr. <ets>courlesy</ets>, the lands being held as it were by favor; or fr. <ets>court</ets>  (LL. <ets>curtis</ets>), the husband being regarded as holding the lands as a vassal of the court. See <er>Court</er>, <er>Courtesy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>the life estate which a husband has in the lands of his deceased wife, which by the common law takes effect where he has had issue by her, born alive, and capable of inheriting the lands.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Curtilage</h1>
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<hw>Cur"ti*lage</hw> <tt>(k<?/r"t<?/-l<?/j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cortillage</ets>, <ets>curtillage</ets>, fr. <ets>cortil</ets> court, courtyard, LL. <ets>cortis</ets> court. See <er>Court</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A yard, courtyard, or piece of ground, included within the fence surrounding a dwelling house.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Curtly</h1>
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<hw>Curt"ly</hw> <tt>(k?rt"l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a curt manner.</def>

<h1>Curtness</h1>
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<hw>Curt"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of bing curt.</def>

<h1>Curtsy</h1>
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<hw>Curt"sy</hw> <tt>(k?rt"s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Courtesy</er>, an act of respect.</def>

<h1>Curule</h1>
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<hw>Cu"rule</hw> <tt>(k?"r?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>curulis</ets>, fr. <ets>currus</ets> a charoit: cf. F. <ets>curule</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a charoit.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a kind of chair appropriated to Roman magistrates and dignitaries; pertaining to, having, or conferring, the right to sit in the curule chair; hence, official.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>curule</i> chair was usually shaped like a camp stool, and provided with curved legs. It was at first ornamented with ivory, and later sometimes made of ivory and inlaid with gold.</note>

<cs><col>Curule dignity</col> <cd>right of sitting in the curule chair.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cururo</h1>
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<hw>Cu*ru"ro</hw> <tt>(k??-r??"r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Chilian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Chilian burrowing rodent of the genus <spn>Spalacopus</spn>.</def>

<h1>Curval krv<it>a</it>l, Curvant</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cur"val</hw> <tt>(k?r"v<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <hw>Cur"vant</hw> <tt>(-v<it>a</it>nt)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>curvans</ets>, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>pr</ets>. ]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Bowed; bent; curved.</def>

<h1>Curvate krvt, Curvated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cur"vate</hw> <tt>(k?r"v?t)</tt>, <hw>Cur"va*ted</hw> <tt>(-v?-t?d)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>curvatus</ets> p. p. of <ets>curvare</ets> to curve, fr.  <ets>curvus</ets>. See <er>Curve</er>.]</ety> <def>Bent in a regular form; curved.</def>

<h1>Curvation</h1>
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<hw>Cur*va"tion</hw> <tt>(k?r-v?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>curvatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of bending or crooking.</def>

<h1>Curvative</h1>
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<hw>Cur"va*tive</hw> <tt>(k?r"v?-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the margins only a little curved; -- said of leaves.</def>

<i>Henslow.</i>

<h1>Curvature</h1>
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<hw>Cur"va*ture</hw> <tt>(k?r"v?-t?r; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>curvatura</ets>. See <er>Curvate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of curving, or the state of being bent or curved; a curving or bending, normal or abnormal, as of a line or surface from a rectilinear direction; a bend; a curve.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>The elegant <b>curvature</b> of their fronds.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The amount of degree of bending of a mathematical curve, or the tendency at any point to depart from a tangent drawn to the curve at that point.</def>

<cs><col>Aberrancy of curvature</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the deviation of a curve from a curcular form.</cd> -<col>Absolute curvature</col>. <cd>See under <er>Absolute</er>.</cd> -- <col>Angle of curvature</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>one that expresses the amount of curvature of a curve.</cd> -- <col>Chord of curvature</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chord</er>.</cd> -- <col>Circle of curvature</col>. <cd>See <cref>Osculating circle of a curve</cref>, under <er>Circle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Curvature of the spine</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an abnormal curving of the spine, especially in a lateral direction.</cd> -- <col>Radius of curvature</col>, <cd>the radius of the circle of curvature, or osculatory circle, at any point of a curve.</cd></cs>

<h1>Curve</h1>
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<hw>Curve</hw> <tt>(k?rv)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>curvus</ets> bent, curved. See <er>Cirb</er>.]</ety> <def>Bent without angles; crooked; curved; <as>as, a <ex>curve</ex> line; a <ex>curve</ex> surface.</as></def>

<h1>Curve</h1>
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<hw>Curve</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Curve</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Cirb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bending without angles; that wcich is bent; a flexure; <as>as, a <ex>curve</ex> in a railway or canal</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A line described according to some low, and having no finite portion of it a straight line.</def>

<cs><col>Axis of a curve</col>. <cd>See under <er>Axis</er>.</cd> -- <col>Curve of quickest descent</col>. <cd>See <er>Brachystochrone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Curve tracing</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the process of determining the shape, location, singular points, and other perculiarities of a curve from its equation.</cd> -- <col>Plane curve</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a curve such that when a plane passes through three points of the curve, it passes through all the other points of the curve. Any other curve is called a <i>curve of double curvature</i>, or a <i>twisted curve</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Curve</h1>
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<hw>Curve</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Curved</er> <tt>(k?rvd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Curving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>curvare</ets>., fr. <ets>curvus</ets>. See <er>Curve</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Curb</er>.]</ety> <def>To bend; to crook; <as>as, to <ex>curve</ex> a line; to <i>curve</i> a pipe</as>; to cause to swerve from a straight course; <as>as, to <ex>curve</ex> a ball in pitching it</as>.</def>

<h1>Curve</h1>
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<hw>Curve</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To bend or turn gradually from a given direction; <as>as, the road <ex>curves</ex> to the right</as>.</def>

<h1>Curvedness</h1>
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<hw>Curv"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(-?d-n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being curved.</def>

<h1>Curvet</h1>
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<hw>Cur"vet</hw> <tt>(k?r"v?t &or;  k?r-v?t"; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>corvet</ets>, It.<ets>corvetta</ets>: cf. F. <ets>courbette</ets>. See <er>Curve</er>, and cf. <er>Corvetto</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A particular leap of a horse, when he raises both his fore legs at once, equally advanced, and, as his fore legs are falling, raises his hind legs, so that all his legs are in the air at once.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A prank; a frolic.</def>

<h1>Curvet</h1>
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<hw>Cur"vet</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Curveted</er> or <er>-vetted</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Curveting</er> or <er>-vetting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>corvettare</ets>. See <er>Curvet</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a curvet; to leap; to bound. 'Oft and high he did <i>curvet</i>."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To leap and frisk; to frolic.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Curvet</h1>
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<hw>Cur"vet</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to curvet.</def>

<i>Landor.</i>

<h1>Curvicaudate</h1>
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<hw>Cur`vi*cau"date</hw> <tt>(k?r`v?-k?"d?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>curvus</ets> bent + E. <ets>caudate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a curved or crooked tail.</def>

<h1>Curvicostate</h1>
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<hw>Cur`vi*cos"tate</hw> <tt>(k?r`v?-k?s"t?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>curvus</ets> + E. <ets>costate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having bent ribs.</def>

<h1>Curvidentate</h1>
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<hw>Cur`vi*den"tate</hw> <tt>(k?r`v?-d?n"t?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>curvus</ets> + E. <ets>dentate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having curved teeth.</def>

<h1>Curviform</h1>
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<hw>Cur"vi*form</hw> <tt>(k?r"v?-f?rm)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>curvus + -form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a curved form.</def>

<h1>Curvilinead</h1>
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<hw>Cur`vi*lin"e*ad</hw> <tt>(k?r`v?-l?n"?-?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>An instrument for drawing curved lines.</def>

<h1>Curvilineal -<it>a</it>l, Curvilinear</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cur`vi*lin"e*al</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <hw>Cur`vi*lin"e*ar</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>curvus</ets> bent + E. <ets>lineal</ets>, <ets>linear</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of, or bounded by, curved lines; <as>as, a <ex>curvilinear</ex> figure</as>.</def>

<h1>Curvilinearity</h1>
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<hw>Cur`vi*lin`e*ar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(-?r"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being curvilinear or of being bounded by curved lines.</def>

<h1>Curvilinearly</h1>
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<hw>Cur`vi*lin"e*ar*ly</hw> <tt>(-?r-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a curvilinear manner.</def>

<h1>Curvinerved</h1>
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<hw>Cur"vi*nerved`</hw> <tt>(-n?rvd`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>curvus</ets> bent + E. <ets>nerve</ets>. ]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the ribs or the veins of the leaves curved; -- called also <altname>curvinervate</altname> and <altname>curve-veined</altname>.</def>

<h1>Curvirostral</h1>
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<hw>Cur`vi*ros"tral</hw> <tt>(-r?s"tr<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>curvus</ets> + E. <ets>rostral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a crooked beak, as the crossbill.</def>

<h1>Curvirostres</h1>
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<hw>Cur"vi*ros"tres</hw> <tt>(-r?s"tr?z)</tt>, <tt>n.  pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>curvus</ets> curved + <ets>rostrum</ets> beak, rostrum.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of passerine birds, including the creepers and nuthatches.</def>

<h1>Curviserial</h1>
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<hw>Cur`vi*se"ri*al</hw> <tt>(-s?"r?-al)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>curvus</ets> bent + E. <ets>serial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Distributed in a curved line, as leaves along a stem.</def>

<h1>Curvity</h1>
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<hw>Cur"vi*ty</hw> <tt>(k?r"v?-y?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>curvitas</ets>, from <ets>curvus</ets> bent: cf. F. <ets>curvit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being curved; a bending in a regular form; crookedness.</def>

<i>Holder.</i>

<h1>Curvograph</h1>
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<hw>Cur"vo*graph</hw> <tt>(k?r"v?-gr?f)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>curvus</ets> bent + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>An arcograph.</def>

<h1>Cushat</h1>
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<hw>Cush"at</hw> <tt>(k??sh"?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cusceote</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ringdove or wood pigeon.</def>

<blockquote>Scarce with <b>cushat's</b> homely song can vie.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cushewbird</h1>
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<hw>Cush"ew*bird</hw> <tt>(k?sh"?-b?rd`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>The galeated curassow. See <er>Curassow</er>.</def>

<h1>Cushion</h1>
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<hw>Cush"ion</hw> <tt>(k??sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cuischun</ets>, <ets>quisshen</ets>, OF. <ets>coissin</ets>, <ets>cuissin</ets>, F.  <ets>coussin</ets>, fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>culcitinum</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>culcita</ets> cushion, mattress, pillow. See <er>Quilt</er>, and cf. <er>Counterpoint</er> a <er>coverlet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A case or bag stuffed with some soft and elastic material, and used to sit or recline upon; a soft pillow or pad.</def>

<blockquote>Two <b>cushions</b> stuffed with straw, the seat to raise.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything resembling a cushion in properties or use</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>a pad on which gilders cut gold leaf</def>; <sd>(b)</sd> <def>a mass of steam in the end of the cylinder of a steam engine to receive the impact of the piston</def>; <sd>(c)</sd> <def>the elastic edge of a billiard table.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A riotous kind of dance, formerly common at weddings; -- called also <altname>cushion dance</altname>.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<cs><col>Cushion capital</col>.<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>A capital so sculptured as to appear like a cushion pressed down by the weight of its entablature.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A name given to a form of capital, much used in the Romanesque style, modeled like a bowl, the upper part of which is cut away on four sides, leaving vertical faces.</cd> -- <col>Cushion star</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>a pentagonal starfish belonging to <spn>Goniaster</spn>, <spn>Astrogonium</spn>, and other allied genera; -- so called from its form.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cushion</h1>
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<hw>Cush"ion</hw> <tt>(k??sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Cushioned</er> <tt>(-?nd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb.</tt> <er>Cushioning</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To seat or place on, or as on a cushion.</def>

<blockquote>Many who are <b>cushioned</b> on thrones would have remained in obscurity.
<i>Bolingbroke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with cushions; <as>as, to <ex>cushion</ex> a chaise</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To conceal or cover up, as under a cushion.</def>

<cs><col>Cushioned hammer</col>, <cd>a dead-stroke hammer. See under <er>Dead-stroke</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cushionet</h1>
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<hw>Cush"ion*et</hw> <tt>(k??sh"?n-?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>coissinet</ets>, F. <ets>coussinet</ets>. See <er>Cushion</er>, and cf. <er>Coussinet</er>.]</ety> <def>A little cushion.</def>

<h1>Cushionless</h1>
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<hw>Cush"ion*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hot furnished with a cushion.</def>

<blockquote>Rows of long, <b>cushionless</b> benches, supplying the place of pews.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cushiony</h1>
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<hw>Cush"ion*y</hw> <tt>(-?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a cushion; soft; pliable.</def>

<blockquote>A flat and <b>cushiony</b> noce.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cushite</h1>
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<hw>Cush"ite</hw> <tt>(k?sh"?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A descendant of Cush, the son of Ham and grandson of Noah.</def>

<h1>Cusk</h1>
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<hw>Cusk</hw> <tt>(k?sk)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, edible, marine fish (<spn>Brosmius brosme</spn>), allied to the cod, common on the northern coasts of Europe and America; -- called also <altname>tusk</altname> and <altname>torsk</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cuskin</h1>
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<hw>Cus"kin</hw> <tt>(k?s"k?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of drinking cup.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cusp</h1>
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<hw>Cusp</hw> <tt>(k?sp)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cuspis</ets>, <ets>-idis</ets>, point, pointed end.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A triangular protection from the intrados of an arch, or from an inner curve of tracery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The beginning or first entrance of any house in the calculations of nativities, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron)</fld> <def>The point or horn of the crescent moon or other crescent-shaped luminary.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A multiple point of a curve at which two or more branches of the curve have a common tangent.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A prominence or point, especially on the crown of a tooth.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A sharp and rigid point.</def>

<h1>Cusp</h1>
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<hw>Cusp</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Cusped</er> <tt>(k?spt)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cusping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To furnish with a cusp or cusps.</def>

<h1>Cuspated</h1>
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<hw>Cus"pa*ted</hw> <tt>(k?s"p?-t?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ending in a point.</def>

<h1>Cuspid</h1>
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<hw>Cus"pid</hw> <tt>(k?s"p?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cusp</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the canine teeth; -- so called from having but one point or cusp on the crown. See <er>Tooth</er>.</def>

<h1>Cuspidal</h1>
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<hw>Cus"pi*dal</hw> <tt>(-p?-d<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>cuspis</ets>, <ets>cuspidis</ets>. See <er>Cusp</er>.]</ety> <def>Ending in a point.</def>

<h1>Cuspidate</h1>
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<hw>Cus"pi*date</hw> <tt>(-d?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make pointed or sharp.</def>

<h1>Cuspidate ksp-dt, Cuspidated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cus"pi*date</hw> <tt>(k?s"p?-d?t)</tt>, <hw>Cus"pi*da`ted</hw> <tt>(-d?`t?d)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cuspidatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>cuspidare</ets> to make pointed, fr. <ets>cuspis</ets>. See <er>Cusp</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a sharp end, like the point of a spear; terminating in a hard point; <as>as, a <ex>cuspidate</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Cuspidor</h1>
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<hw>Cus"pi*dor</hw> <tt>(-d?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>cuspideria</ets>, fr. <ets>cuspir</ets> to spit.]</ety> <def>Any ornamental vessel used as a spittoon; hence, to avoid the common term, a spittoon of any sort.</def>

<h1>Cuspis</h1>
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<hw>Cus"pis</hw> <tt>(k?s"p?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A point; a sharp end.</def>

<h1>Custard</h1>
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<hw>Cus"tard</hw> <tt>(k?s"t?rd)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. the same word as OE. <ets>crustade</ets>, <ets>crustate</ets>, a pie made with a crust, fr. L. <ets>crustatus</ets> covered with a crust, p. p. of <ets>crustare</ets>, fr. <ets>crusta</ets> crust; cf. OF. <ets>croustade</ets> pasty, It. <ets>crostata</ets>, or F. <ets>coutarde</ets>. See <er>Crust</er>, and cf. <er>Crustated</er>.]</ety> <def>A mixture of milk and eggs, sweetened, and baked or boiled.</def>

<cs><col>Custard apple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a low tree or shrub of tropical America, including several species of Anona (<spn>A. squamosa</spn>, <spn>reticulata</spn>, etc.), having a roundish or ovate fruit the size of a small orange, containing a soft, yellowish, edible pulp.</cd> -- <col>Custard coffin</col>, <cd>pastry, or crust, which covers or <i>coffins</i> a custard <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Custode</h1>
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<hw>Cus"tode</hw> <tt>(k?s"t?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. or It. <ets>custode</ets>, fr. L. <ets>custos</ets>, <ets>-odis</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Custodian</er>.</def>

<h1>Custodial</h1>
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<hw>Cus*to"di*al</hw> <tt>(k?s-t?"d?-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>custodial</ets>, fr. L. <ets>custodia</ets>. See <er>Custody</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to custody or guardianship.</def>

<h1>Custodian</h1>
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<hw>Cus*to"di*an</hw> <tt>(k?s-t?"d?-<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Custody</er>.]</ety> <def>One who has care or custody, as of some public building; a keeper or superintendent.</def>

<h1>Custodianship</h1>
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<hw>Cus*to"di*an*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Office or duty of a custodian.</def>

<h1>Custodier</h1>
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<hw>Cus*to"di*er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>custodiarus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A custodian.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Custody</h1>
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<hw>Cus"to*dy</hw> <tt>(k?s"t?-d?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>custodia</ets>, fr. <ets>custos</ets> guard; prob. akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to hide, and E. <ets>hide</ets>. Seee <er>Hide</er> to cover.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A keeping or guarding; care, watch, inspection, for keeping, preservation, or security.</def>

<blockquote>A fleet of thirty ships for the <b>custody</b> of the narrow seas.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Judicial or penal safe-keeping.</def>

<blockquote>Jailer, take him to thy <b>custody</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="360">
Page 360<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>State of being guarded and watched to prevent escape; restraint of liberty; confinement; imprisonment.</def>

<blockquote>What pease will be given
To us enslaved, but <b>custody</b> severe,
And stripes and arbitrary punishment?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Custom</h1>
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<hw>Cus"tom</hw> <tt>(k?s"t?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>custume</ets>, <ets>costume</ets>, Anglo-Norman <ets>coustome</ets>, F.  <ets>coutume</ets>, fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>consuetumen</ets> custom, habit, fr. L. <ets>consuetudo</ets>, <ets>-dinis</ets>, fr. <ets>consuescere</ets> to accustom, verb inchoative fr. <ets>consuere</ets> to be accustomed; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>suere</ets> to be accustomed, pro<?/ originally, to make one's own, fr. the root of <ets>suus</ets> one's own; akin to E.  <ets>so</ets>, adv. Cf. <er>Consuetude</er>, <er>Costume</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Frequent repetition of the same act; way of acting common to many; ordinary manner; habitual practice; usage; method of doing or living.</def>

<blockquote>And teach <b>customs</b> which are not lawful.
<i>Acts xvi. 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Moved beyong his <b>custom</b>, Gama said.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>custom</b>
More honored in the breach than the observance.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Habitual buying of goods; practice of frequenting, as a shop, manufactory, etc., for making purchases or giving orders; business support.</def>

<blockquote>Let him have your <b>custom</b>, but not your votes.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Long-established practice, considered as unwritten law, and resting for authority on long consent; usage. See <er>Usage</er>, and <er>Prescription</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Usage</i> is a fact. <i>Custom</i> is a law. There can be no <i>custom</i> without <i>usage</i>, though there may be <i>usage</i> without <i>custom</i>.</note>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Familiar aquaintance; familiarity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Age can not wither her, nor <b>custom</b> stale
Her infinite variety.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Custom of merchants</col>, <cd>a system or code of customs by which affairs of commerce are regulated.</cd> -- <col>General customs</col>, <cd>those which extend over a state or kingdom.</cd> -- <col>Particular customs</col>, <cd>those which are limited to a city or district; as, the <i>customs</i> of London.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Practice; fashion. See <er>Habit</er>, and <er>Usage</er>.</syn>

<h1>Custom</h1>
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<hw>Cus"tom</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF.  <ets>costumer</ets>. Cf. <er>Accustom</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make familiar; to accustom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To supply with customers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Custom</h1>
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<hw>Cus"tom</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To have a custom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>On a bridge he <b>custometh</b> to fight.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Custom</h1>
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<hw>Cus"tom</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.  <ets>coustume</ets>, F. <ets>coutume</ets>, tax, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., the <ets>usual</ets> tax. See 1st <er>Custom</er>.]</ety> <def>1 the customary toll,tax, or tribute.</def>

<blockquote>Render, therefore, to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is due; <b>custom</b> to whom <b>custom</b>.
<i>Rom. xiii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Duties or tolls imposed by law on commodities, imported or exported.</def>

<h1>Custom</h1>
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<hw>Cus"tom</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pay the customs of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marlowe.</i>

<h1>Customable</h1>
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<hw>Cus"tom*a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>coustumable</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Customary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Subject to the payment of customs; dutiable.</def>

<h1>Customableness</h1>
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<hw>Cus"tom*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being customable; conformity to custom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Customably</h1>
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<hw>Cus"tom*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Usually.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Customarily</h1>
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<hw>Cus"tom*a*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(-?-r?-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a customary manner; habitually.</def>

<h1>Customariness</h1>
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<hw>Cus"tom*a*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being customary.</def>

<h1>Customary</h1>
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<hw>Cus"tom*a*ry</hw> <tt>(k?s"t?m-?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[CF. OF. <ets>coustumier</ets>, F. <ets>coutumier</ets>. See <er>Custom</er>, and cf. <er>Customer</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Agreeing with, or established by, custom; established by common usage; conventional; habitual.</def>

<blockquote>Even now I met him
With <b>customary</b> compliment.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A formal <b>customary</b> attendance upon the offices.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Holding or held by custom; <as>as, <ex>customary</ex> tenants; <ex>customary</ex> service or estate.</as></def>

<h1>Customary</h1>
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<hw>Cus"tom*a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>coustumier</ets>, F.  <ets>coutumier</ets>.]</ety> <def>A book containing laws and usages, or customs; <as>as, the <ex>Customary</ex> of the Normans</as>.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Customer</h1>
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<hw>Cus"tom*er</hw> <tt>(k?s"t?m-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A doublet of <ets>customary</ets>, <ets>a.</ets>: cf. LL. <ets>custumarius</ets> toll gatherer. See <er>Custom</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who collect customs; a toll gatherer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>customers</b> of the small or petty custom and of the subsidy do demand of them custom for kersey cloths.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who regularly or repeatedly makes purchases of a trader; a purchaser; a buyer.</def>

<blockquote>He has got at last the character of a good <b>customer</b>; by this means he gets credit for something considerable, and then never pays for it.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person with whom a business house has dealings; <as>as, the <ex>customers</ex> of a bank</as>.</def>

<i>J. A. H. Murray.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A peculiar person; -- in an indefinite sense; <as>as, a queer <ex>customer</ex>; an ugly <ex>customer</ex>.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A lewd woman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Customhouse</h1>
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<hw>Cus"tom*house"</hw> <tt>(-hous`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The building where customs and duties are paid, and where vessels are entered or cleared.</def>

<cs><col>Customhouse broker</col>, <cd>an agent who acts for merchants in the business of entering and clearing goods and vessels.</cd></cs>

<h1>Custos</h1>
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<hw>Cus"tos</hw> <tt>(k?s"t?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Custodes</plw> <tt>(k<?/s-t<?/"d<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A keeper; a custodian; a superintendent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Custos rotulorum</col> <tt>(r<?/t`<?/-l<?/"r<?/m)</tt> <ety>[LL., keeper of the rolls]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>the principal justice of the peace in a county, who is also keeper of the rolls and records of the sessions of the peace.</cd></cs>

<h1>Custrel</h1>
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<hw>Cus"trel</hw> <tt>(k?s"tr<it>e</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>coustillier</ets>. See <er>Coistril</er>.]</ety> <def>An armor-bearer to a knight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Custrel</h1>
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<hw>Cus"trel</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Costrel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Custumary</h1>
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<hw>Cus"tu*ma*ry</hw> <tt>(-t?-m?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Customary</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cut</h1>
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<hw>Cut</hw> <tt>(k?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Cut</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cutting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>cutten</ets>, <ets>kitten</ets>, <ets>ketten</ets>; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets>cwtau</ets> to shorten, curtail, dock, <ets>cwta bobtailed</ets>, <ets>cwt</ets> tail, skirt, Gael.  <ets>cutaich</ets> to shorten, curtail, dock, <ets>cutach</ets> short, docked, <ets>cut</ets> a bobtail, piece, Ir. <ets>cut</ets> a short tail, <ets>cutach</ets> bobtailed. Cf. <er>Coot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sparate the parts of with, or as with, a sharp instrument; to make an incision in; to gash; to sever; to divide.</def>

<blockquote>You must <b>cut</b> this flesh from off his breast.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Before the whistling winds the vessels fly,
With rapid swiftness <b>cut</b> the liquid way.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sever and cause to fall for the purpose of gathering; to hew; to mow or reap.</def>

<blockquote>Thy servants can skill to <b>cut</b> timer.
<i>2. Chron. ii. 8</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To sever and remove by cutting; to cut off; to dock; <as>as, to <ex>cut</ex> the hair; to <ex>cut</ex> the nails.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To castrate or geld; <as>as, to <ex>cut</ex> a horse</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To form or shape by cutting; to make by incision, hewing, etc.; to carve; to hew out.</def>

<blockquote>Why should a man. whose blood is warm within,
Sit like his grandsire <b>cut</b> in alabaster?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Loopholes <b>cut</b> through thickest shade.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To wound or hurt deeply the snsibilities of; to pierce; to lacerate; <as>as, sarcasm <ex>cuts</ex> to the quick</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The man was <b>cut</b> to the heart.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To intersect; to cross; <as>as, one line <ex>cuts</ex> another at right angles</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To refuse to recognize; to ignorre; <as>as, to <ex>cut</ex> a person in the street; to <ex>cut</ex> one's acquaintance.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To absent one's self from; <as>as, to <ex>cut</ex> an appointment, a recitation</as>. etc.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>An English tradesman is always solicitous to <b>cut</b> the shop whenever he can do so with impunity.
<i>Thomas Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To cut a caper</col>. <cd>See under <er>Caper</er>.</cd> -- <col>To cut the cards</col>, <cd>to divide a pack of cards into portions, in order to determine the deal or the trump, or to change the cards to be dealt.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To cut a dash</col> &or; <col>a figure</col></mcol>, <cd>to make a display.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To cut down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To sever and cause to fall; to fell; to prostrate. "Timber . . . <i>cut down</i> in the mountains of Cilicia." <i>Knolles</i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To put down; to abash; to humble, <mark>[Obs]</mark> "So great is his natural eloquence, that he <i>cuts doun</i> the finest orator." <i>Addison</i></cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To lessen; to retrench; to curtail; as, <i>to cut down</i> expenses.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To raze; as, <i>to cut down</i> a frigate into a sloop.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To cut the knot</col> &or; <col>the Gordian knot</col></mcol>, <cd>to dispose of a difficulty summarily; to solve it by prompt, arbitrary action, rather than by skill or patience.</cd> -- <col>To cut lots</col>, <cd>to determine lots by cuttings cards; to draw lots.</cd> -- <col>To cut off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To sever; to separate.</cd>

<blockquote>I would to God, . . .
The king had <b>cut off</b> my brother's.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To put an untimely death; to put an end to; to destroy.</cd> "Iren<?/us was likewise <i>cut off</i> by martyrdom." <i>Addison</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To interrupt; as, <i>to cut off</i> communication; <i>to cut off</i> (the flow of) steam from (the boiler to) a steam engine.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To intercept; as,, <i>to cut off</i> an enemy's retreat.</cd> <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To end; to finish; as, <i>to cut off</i> further debate.</cd> -- <col>To cut out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To remove by cutting or carving; as, <i>to cut out</i> a piece from a board.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To shape or form by cutting; as, <i>to cut out</i> a garment.</cd> " A large forest <i>cut out</i> into walks." <i>Addison</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To scheme; to contrive; to prepare; as, <i>to cut out</i> work for another day.</cd> "Every man had <i>cut out</i> a place <i>for himself</i>." <i>Addison</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To step in and take the place of; to supplant; as, <i>to cut out</i> a rival. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To debar. "I am <i>cut out</i> from anything but common acknowledgments." <i>Pope</i>.</cd> <sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To seize and carry off (a vessel) from a harbor, or from under the guns of an enemy.</cd> -- <col>To cut to pieces</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To cut into pieces; as, <i>to cut</i> cloth <i>to pieces</i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To slaughter; as, <i>to cut</i> an army <i>to pieces</i>.</cd> -- <col>To cut a play</col> <fld>(Drama)</fld>, <cd>to shorten it by leaving out passages, to adapt it for the stage.</cd> -- <col>To cut rates</col> <fld>(Railroads, etc.)</fld>, <cd>to reduce the charges for transportation below the rates established between competing lines.</cd> -- <col>To cut short</col>, <cd>to arrest or check abruptly; to bring to a sudden termination.</cd> "Achilles <i>cut</i> him <i>short</i>, and thus replied." <i>Dryden</i>. -- <col>To cut stick</col>, <cd>to make off clandestinely or precipitately.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>To cut teeth</col>, <cd>to put forth teeth; to have the teeth pierce through the gum and appear.</cd> -- <col>To have cut one's eyeteeth</col>, <cd>to be sharp and knowing.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To cut one's wisdom teeth</col>, <cd>to come to years of discretion.</cd> -- <col>To cut under</col>, <cd>to undersell; <as>as, <ex>to cut under</ex> a competitor in trade</as>.</cd> -- <col>To cut up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To cut to pieces; <as>as, <ex>to cut up</ex> an animal, or bushes</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To damage or destroy; to injure; to wound; <as>as, <ex>to cut up</ex> a book or its author by severe criticism</as>.</cd>  "This doctrine <ex>cuts up</ex> all government by the roots." <i>Locke</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To afflict; to discourage; to demoralize; <as>as, the death of his friend <ex>cut</ex> him <ex>up</ex> terribly</as>.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <i>Thackeray</i>.</cs>

<h1>Cut</h1>
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<hw>Cut</hw> <tt>(k?t)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To do the work of an edged tool; to serve in dividing or gashing; <as>as, a knife <ex>cuts</ex> well</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To admit of incision or severance; to yield to a cutting instrument.</def>

<blockquote>Panels of white wood that <b>cuts</b> like cheese.
<i>Holmes.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To perform the operation of dividing, severing, incising, intersecting, etc.; to use a cutting instrument.</def>

<blockquote>He saved the lives of thousands by manner of <b>cutting</b> for the stone.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make a stroke with a whip.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To interfere, as a horse.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To move or make off quickly.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To divide a pack of cards into two portion to decide the deal or trump, or to schange the order of the cards to be dealt.</def>

<cs><col>To cut across</col>, <cd>to pass over or through in the most direct way; <as>as, to <ex>cut across</ex> a field</as>.</cd> -- <col>To cut and run</col>, <cd>to make off suddenly and quickly; -- from the cutting of a ship's cable, when there is not time to raise the anchor.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>To cut in</col> &or; <col>into</col></mcol>, <cd>to interrupt; to jont an anything suddenly.</cd> -- <col>To cut up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To play pranks. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To divide into portions well or ill; to have the property left at one's death turn out well or poorly when divided among heirs, legatees, etc.</cd>  <mark>[Slang.]</mark> "When I die, may I <i>cut up</i> as well as Morgan Pendennis."</cs> <i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Cut</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cut</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An opening made with an edged instrument; a cleft; a gash; a slash; a wound made by cutting; <as>as, a sword <ex>cut</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stroke or blow or cutting motion with an edged instrument; a stroke or blow with a whip.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which wounds the feelings, as a harsh remark or criticism, or a sarcasm; personal discourtesy, as neglecting to recognize an acquaintance when meeting him; a slight.</def>

<blockquote>Rip called him by name, but the cur snarled, snapped his teeth, and passed on. This was an unkind <b>cut</b> indeed.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A notch, passage, or channel made by cutting or digging; a furrow; a groove; <as>as, a <ex>cut</ex> for a railroad</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This great <b>cut</b> or ditch Secostris . . . purposed to have made a great deal wider and deeper.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The surface left by a cut; <as>as, a smooth or clear <ex>cut</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A portion severed or cut off; a division; <as>as, a <ex>cut</ex> of beef; a <ex>cut</ex> of timber.</as></def>

<blockquote>It should be understood, moreover, . . . that the group are not arbitrary <b>cuts</b>, but natural groups or types.
<i>Dana.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>An engraved block or plate; the impression from such an engraving; <as>as, a book illustrated with fine <ex>cuts</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of dividing a pack cards.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The right to divide; as, whose <i>cut</i> is it?</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Manner in which a thing is cut or formed; shape; style; fashion; <as>as, the <ex>cut</ex> of a garment</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With eyes severe and beard of formal <b>cut</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>A common work horse; a gelding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He'll buy me a <b>cut</b>, forth for to ride.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>The failure of a college officer or student to be present at any appointed exercise.</def> <mark>[College Cant]</mark>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>A skein of yarn.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<cs><col>A cut in rates</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a reduction in fare, freight charges, etc., below the established rates.</cd> -- <col>A short cut</col>, <cd>a cross route which shortens the way and cuts off a circuitous passage.</cd> -- <col>The cut of one's jib</col>, <cd>the general appearance of a person.</cd></cs> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To draw cuts</col>, <cd>to draw lots, as of paper, etc., cut unequal lengths.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Now draweth <b>cut</b> . . .
The which that hath the shortest shall begin.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cut</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cut</hw> <tt>(k?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Gashed or divided, as by a cutting instrument.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formed or shaped as by cuttting; carved.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Overcome by liquor; tipsy.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<cs><col>Cut and dried</col>, <cd>prepered beforehand; not spontaneous.</cd> -- <col>Cut glass</col>, <cd>glass having a surface ground and polished in facets or figures.</cd> -- <col>Cut nail</col>, <cd>a nail cut by machinery from a rolled plate of iron, in distinction from a <i>wrought nail</i>.</cd> -- <col>Cut stone</col>, <cd>stone hewn or chiseled to shape after having been split from the quarry.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cutaneous</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cu*ta"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(k?-t?"n?-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cutan<?/</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>cutis</ets> skin. See <er>Cuticle</er>.]</ety> <def>Of pertaining to the skin; existing on, or affecting, the skin; <as>as, a <ex>cutaneous</ex> disease; <ex>cutaneous</ex> absorption; <ex>cutaneous</ex> respiration.</as></def>

<h1>Cutaway</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cut"a*way`</hw> <tt>(k?t"?-w?`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a part cut off or away; having the corners rounded or cut away.</def>

<cs><col>Cutaway coat</col>, <cd>a coat whose skirts are cut away in front so as not to meet at the bottom.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cutch</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cutch</hw> <tt>(k?ch; 224)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Catechu</er>.</def>

<h1>Cutch</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cutch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cultch</er>.</def>

<h1>Cutchery</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cutch"er*y</hw> <tt>(k?ch"?r-?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>kachahri</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hindoo hall of justice.</def>

<i> Malcom.</i>

<h1>Cute</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cute</hw> <tt>(k?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[An abbrev. of <ets>acute</ets>.]</ety> <def>Clever; sharp; shrewd; ingenious; cunning.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Cuteness</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cute"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Acuteness; cunning.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Cutgrass</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cut"grass`</hw> <tt>(k?t"gr?s`)</tt>. <def>A grass with leaves having edges furnished with very minute hooked prickles, which form a cutting edge; one or more species of <i>Leersia</i>.</def>

<h1>Cuticle</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cu"ti*cle</hw> <tt>(k?"t?-k'l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cuticula</ets>, dim. of <ets>cuttis</ets> skin; akin to E. <ets>hide</ets> skin of an animal.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The scarfskin or epidermis. See <er>Skin</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The outermost skin or pellicle of a plant, found especially in leaves and young stems.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A thin skin formed on the surface of a liquid.</def>

<h1>Cuticular</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cu*tic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(k?-t?k"?-l?r)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the cuticle, or external coat of the skin; epidermal.</def>

<h1>Cutin</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cu"tin</hw> <tt>(k?"t?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cutis</ets> skin, outside.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The substance which, added to the material of a cell wall, makes it waterproof, as in cork.</def>

<h1>Cutinization</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cu`tin*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(k?`t?n-?-z?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The conversion of cell walls into a material which repels water, as in cork.</def>

<h1>Cutinize</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cu"tin*ize</hw> <tt>(k?"t?n-?z)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To change into cutin.</def>

<h1>Cutis</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cu"tis</hw> <tt>(k?"t?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Cuticle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dermis</er>.</def>

<h1>Cutlass</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cut"lass</hw> <tt>(k?t"l<it>a</it>ss)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cutlasses</plw> <tt>(-Ez)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>coutelas</ets> (cf. It. <ets>coltellaccio</ets>), augm. fr. L. <ets>cuttellus</ets> a smallknife, dim. of <ets>culter</ets> knife. See <er>Colter</er>, and cf. <er>Curtal ax</er>.]</ety> <def>A short, heavy, curving sword, used in the navy. See <er>Curtal ax</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Cutlass fish</col>, <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a peculiar, long, thin, marine fish (<spn>Trichirus lepturus</spn>) of the southern United States and West Indies; -- called also <altname>saber fish</altname>, <altname>silver eel</altname>, and, improperly, <altname>swordfish</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cutler</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cut"ler</hw> <tt>(kUt"lEr)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>coteler</ets>, F. <ets>coutelier</ets>, LL. <ets>cultellarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cultellus</ets>. See <er>Cutlass</er>.]</ety> <def>One who makes or deals in cutlery, or knives and other cutting instruments.</def>

<h1>Cutlery</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cut"ler*y</hw> <tt>(k?t"l?r-?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The business of a cutler.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Edged or cutting instruments, collectively.</def>

<h1>Cutlet</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cut"let</hw> <tt>(k?t"l?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>c<?/telette</ets>, prop., little rib, dim. of <ets>c<?/te</ets> rib, fr. L.  <ets>costa</ets>. See <er>Coast</er>.]</ety> <def>A piece of meat, especially of veal or mutton, cut for broiling.</def>

<h1>Cutling</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cut"ling</hw> <tt>(k?t"l?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <ety>[Cf. <er>Cuttle</er> a knife.]</ety> <def>The art of making edged tools or cutlery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Cut-off</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cut"-off`</hw> <tt>(k?t"?f`; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which cuts off or shortens, as a nearer passage or road.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The valve gearing or mechanism by which steam is cut off from entering the cylinder of a steam engine after a definite point in a stroke, so as to allow the remainder of the stroke to be made by the expansive force of the steam already let in.  See <cref>Expansion gear</cref>, under <er>Expansion</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any device for stopping or changing a current, as of grain or water in a spout.</def>

<h1>Cutose</h1>
<Xpage=360>

<hw>Cu"tose</hw> <tt>(k?"t?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>cutis</ets> skin.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A variety of cellulose, occuring as a fine transparent membrane covering the aerial organs of plants, and forming an essential ingredient of cork; by oxidation it passes to suberic acid.</def>

<hr>
<page="361">
Page 361<p>

<h1>Cut-out</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cut"-out`</hw> <tt>(k?t"out`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Telegraphy)</fld> <def>A species of switch for changing the current from one circuit to another, or for shortening a circuit.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A divice for breaking or separating a portion of circuit.</def>

<h1>Cutpurse</h1>
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<hw>Cut"purse`</hw> <tt>(k?t"p?rs`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who cuts purses for the sake of stealing them or their contents (an act common when men wore purses fastened by a string to their girdles); one who steals from the person; a pickpocket</def>

<blockquote>To have an open ear, a quick eye, and a nimble hand, is necessary for a <b>cutpurse</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cutter</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cut"ter</hw> <tt>(k?t"t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who cuts; <as>as, a stone <ex>cutter</ex>; a die <ex>cutter</ex>; esp., one who cuts out garments.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which cuts; a machine or part of a machine, or a tool or instrument used for cutting, as that part of a mower which severs the stalk, or as a paper <i>cutter</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A fore tooth; an incisor.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A boat used by ships of war.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A fast sailing vessel with one mast, rigged in most essentials like a sloop. A cutter is narrower end deeper than a sloop of the same length, and depends for stability on a deep keel, often heavily weighted with lead.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A small armed vessel, usually a steamer, in the revenue marine service; -- also called <altname>revenue cutter</altname>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A small, light one-horse sleigh.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An officer in the exchequer who notes by cutting on the tallies the sums paid.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A ruffian; a bravo; a destroyer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A kind of soft yellow brick, used for facework; -- so called from the facility with which it can be cut.</def>

<cs><col>Cutter bar</col>.<fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A bar which carries a cutter or cutting tool, as in a boring machine.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The bar to which the triangular knives of a harvester are attached.</cd> -- <col>Cutter head</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a rotating head, which itself forms a cutter, or a rotating stock to which cutters may be attached, as in a planing or matching machine.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Cutthroat</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cut"throat`</hw> <tt>(k?t"thr?t`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who cuts throats; a murderer; an assassin.</def>

<h1>Cutthroat</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cut"throat`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Murderous; cruel; barbarous.</def>

<h1>Cutting</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cut"ting</hw> <tt>(k?t"t?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of making an incision, or of severing, felling, shaping, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something cut, cut off, or cut out, as a twig or <?/<?/ion cut off from a stoock for the purpose of grafting or of rooting as an independent plant; something cut out of a newspaper; an excavation cut through a hill or elsewhere to make a way for a railroad, canal, etc.; a cut.</def>

<h1>Cutting</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cut"ting</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Adapted to cut; <as>as, a <ex>cutting</ex> tool</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Chilling; penetratinn; sharp; <as>as, a <ex>cutting</ex> wind</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Severe; sarcastic; biting; <as>as, a <ex>cutting</ex> reply</as>.</def>

<h1>Cuttingly</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cut"ting*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a cutting manner.</def>

<h1>Cuttle</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cut"tle</hw> <tt>(k?t"t'l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cultel</ets>, <ets>coltel</ets>, <ets>coutel</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cultellus</ets>. See <er>Cutlass</er>.]</ety> <def>A knife.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Cuttle ktt'l, Cuttlefish</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw><hw>Cut"tle</hw> <tt>(k?t"t'l)</tt>, <hw>Cut"tle*fish`</hw> <tt>(-f?sh`)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>codule</ets>, AS. <ets>cudele</ets>; akin to G. <ets>kuttelfish</ets>; cf. G. <ets>k<?/tel</ets>, D. <ets>keutel</ets>, dirt from the guts, G. <ets>kuttel</ets> bowels, entrails. AS. <ets>cwip</ets> womb, Gith. <ets>qipus</ets> belly, womb.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cephalopod of the genus <spn>Sepia</spn>, having an internal shell, large eyes, and ten arms furnished with denticulated suckers, by means of which it secures its prey. The name is sometimes applied to dibranchiate cephalopods generally.</def>

<note>&hand; It has an <i>ink bag</i>, opening into the siphon, from which, when pursued, it throws out a dark liquid that clouds the water, enabling it to escape observation.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A foul-mouthed fellow.</def> "An you play the saucy <i>cuttle</i> me."
<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cuttle bone</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cut"tle bone`</hw> <tt>(b?n`)</tt>. <def>The shell or bone of cuttlefishes, used for various purposes, as for making polishing powder, etc.</def>

<h1>Cuttoo plate</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cut*too" plate`</hw> <tt>(k?t-t??" pl?t`)</tt>. <def>A hood over the end of a wagon wheel hub to keep dirt away from the axle.</def>

<h1>Cytty</h1>
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<hw>Cyt"ty</hw> <tt>(k?t"t?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>cut</ets> a short tail, <ets>cutach</ets> bobtailed. See <er>Cut</er>.]</ety> <def>Short; <as>as, a <ex>cutty</ex> knife; a <ex>cutty</ex> sark.</as></def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Cutty</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cut"ty</hw> <tt>(k?t"t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scotch.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A short spoon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A short tobacco pipe.</def>

<i>Ramsay.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A light or unchaste woman.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Cuttystoo</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cut"ty*stoo`</hw> <tt>(-st??l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A low stool</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A seat in old Scottish churches, where offenders were made to sit, for public rebuke by the minister.</def>

<h1>Cutwal</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cut"wal</hw> <tt>(k?t"w?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>kotw<?/l</ets>.]</ety> <def>The chief police officer of a large city.</def> <mark>[East Indies]</mark>

<h1>Cutwater</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cut"wa`ter</hw> <tt>(k?t"wa`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fore part of a ship's prow, which cuts the water.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A starling or other structure attached to the pier of a birdge, with an angle or edge directed up stream, in order better to resist the action of water, ice, etc.; the sharpened upper end of the pier itself.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sea bird of the Atlantic (<spn>Rhynchops nigra</spn>); -- called also <altname>black skimmer</altname>, <altname>scissorsbill</altname>, and <altname>razorbill</altname>. See <er>Skimmer</er>.</def>

<h1>Cutwork</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cut"work`</hw> <tt>(k?t"w?rk`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>An ancient term for embroidery, esp. applied to the earliest form of lace, or to that early embroidery on linen and the like, from which the manufacture of lace was developed.</def>

<h1>Cutworm</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cut"worm`</hw> <tt>(-w?rm`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A caterpillar which at night eats off young plants of cabbage, corn, etc., usually at the ground. Some kinds ascend fruit trees and eat off the flower buds. During the day, they conceal themselves in the earth. The common cutworms are the larv\'91 of various species of <spn>Agrotis</spn> and related genera of noctuid moths.</def>

<h1>Cuvette</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cu*vette"</hw> <tt>(k?-w?t")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>cuve</ets> a tub.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A pot, bucket, or basin, in which molten plate glass is carried from the melting pot to the casting table.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A cunette.</def>

<-- <p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Spectrometry)</fld> <fld>(Analytical chemistry)</fld> <def>A small vessel with at least two flat and transparent sides, used to hold a liquid sample to be analysed in the light path of a spectrometer.</def> <note>The shape and materials vary; for ultraviolet spectrometry, quartz is typically used.  For visible-light spectrometry, plastic cuvettes may be employed.  Occasionally, small vessels used for other laboratory purposes are called <ex>cuvettes.</ex></note>

<cs><col>cuvette holder</col>, <fld>(Spectrometry)</fld> <cd>A small device used to hold one or more cuvettes[3], shaped specifically to fit in the sample chamber of a particular type of spectrometer, with openings to permit light to pass through the holder and the cuvettes, and designed so as to hold the cuvette accurately and reproducibly within the light path of the spectrometer.  For cuvettes with a square horizontal cross-section, the compartments will have a corresponding square cross-section, usu. slightly larger than the cuvette.</cd></cs> -->

<h1>Cyamelide</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cy*am"e*lide</hw> <tt>(s?-?m"?-l?d &or; -l?d; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white amorphous substance, regarded as a polymeric modification of isocyanic acid.</def>

<h1>Cyamellone</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cy*am"el*lone</hw> <tt>(s?-?m"?l-l?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem)</fld> <def>A complex derivative of cyanogen, regarded as an acid, and known chiefly in its salts; -- called also <altname>hydromellonic acid</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cyanate</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cy"a*nate</hw> <tt>(s?"?-n?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>cuanate</ets>. See <er>Cyanic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of cyanic acid.</def>

<cs><col>Ammonium cyanate</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a remarkable white crystalline substance, <chform>NH4.O.CN</chform>, which passes, on standing, to the organic compound, urea, <chform>CO.(NH)2</chform>.</cd></cs>
<-- *note* error in urea formula is in the original -->

<h1>Cyanaurate</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cy`an*au"rate</hw> <tt>(s?`?n-?"r?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Aurocyanide</er>.</def>

<h1>Cyanean</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cy*a"ne*an</hw> <tt>(s?-?"n?-a]/>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>kya`neos</grk> dark blue.]</ety> <def>Having an azure color.</def>

<i>Pennant.</i>

<h1>Cyanic</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cy*an"ic</hw> <tt>(s?-?n"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a dark blue substance: cf. F. <ets>cyanique</ets>. Cf. <er>Kyanite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, cyanogen.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a blue color.</def>

<cs><col>Cyanic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an acid, <chform>HOCN</chform>, derived from cyanogen, well known in its salts, but never isolated in the free state.</cd> -- <col>Cyanic colors</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>those colors (of flowers) having some tinge of blue; -- opposed to <i>xanthic colors</i>. A color of either series may pass into red or white, but not into the opposing color. Red and pure white are more common among flowers of cyanic tendency than in those of the other class.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cyanide</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cy"a*nide</hw> <tt>(s?"?-n?d &or; -n?d; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cyanide</ets>. See <er>Cyanic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound formed by the union of cyanogen with an element or radical.</def>

<h1>Cyanin</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cy"a*nin</hw> <tt>(s?"?-n?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cyanic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The blue coloring matter of flowers; -- called also <altname>anthokyan</altname> and <altname>anthocyanin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cyanine</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cy"a*nine</hw> <tt>(s?"?-n?n &or; -n?n; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of artificial blue or red dyes obtained from quinoline and lepidine and used in calico printing.</def>

<h1>Cyanite</h1>
<Xpage=361>

<hw>Cy"a*nite</hw> <tt>(-n?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cyanic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occuring in thin-bladed crystals and crystalline aggregates, of a sky-blue color. It is a silicate of aluminium.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kyanite</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cyanogen</h1>
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<hw>Cy*an"o*gen</hw> <tt>(s?-?n"?-j?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a dark blue substance + <ets>-gen</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>cyanog\'8ane</ets>. So called because it produced blue dyes.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, inflammable, poisonous gas, <chform>C2N2</chform>, with a peach-blossom odor, so called from its tendency to form <i>blue</i> compounds; obtained by heating ammonium oxalate, mercuric cyanide, etc. It is obtained in combination, forming an alkaline cyanide when nitrogen or a nitrogenous compound is strongly ignited with carbon and soda or potash. It conducts itself like a member of the halogen group of elements, and shows a tendency to form complex compounds. The name is also applied to the univalent radical, <chform>CN</chform> (the half molecule of cyanogen proper), which was one of the first compound radicals recognized.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Cyanogen</i> is found in the commercial substances, potassium cyanide, or prussiate of potash, yellow prussiate of potash, Prussian blue, Turnbull's blue, prussic acid, etc.</note>

<h1>Cyanometer</h1>
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<hw>Cy`a*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(s?`?-n?m"?-t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a dark blue substance + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cyanom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring degress of blueness.</def>

<h1>Cyanopathy</h1>
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<hw>Cy`a*nop"a*thy</hw> <tt>(-n?p"?-th?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a dark blue substance + <?/<?/<?/<?/ affection.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease in which the body is colored blue in its surface, arising usually from a malformation of the heart, which causes an imperfect arterialization of the blood; blue jaundice.</def>

<h1>Cyanophyll</h1>
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<hw>Cy*an"o*phyll</hw> <tt>(s?-?n"?-f?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a dark blue substance + <?/<?/<?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A blue coloring matter supposed by some to be one of the component parts ofchlorophyll.</def>

<h1>Cyanosed</h1>
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<hw>Cy"a*nosed</hw> <tt>(s?"?-n?st)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cyanic</er>.]</ety> <def>Rendered blue, as the surface of the body, from cyanosis or deficient a<?/ration of the blood.</def>

<h1>Cyanosis</h1>
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<hw>Cy`a*no"sis</hw> <tt>(s?`?-n?"s?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Cyanic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition in which, from insufficient a<?/ration of the blood, the surface of the body becomes blue. See <er>Cyanopathy</er>.</def>

<h1>Cyanosite</h1>
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<hw>Cy*an"o*site</hw> <tt>(s?-?n"?-s?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cyanic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native sulphate of copper. Cf. <i>Blue vitriol</i>, under <er>Blue</er>.</def>

<h1>Cyanotic</h1>
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<hw>Cy`a*not"ic</hw> <tt>(s?`?-n?t"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relating to cyanosis; affected with cyanosis; <as>as, a <ex>cyanotic</ex> patient</as>; having the hue caused by cyanosis; <as>as, a <ex>cyanitic</ex> skin</as>.</def>

<h1>Cyanotype</h1>
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<hw>Cy*an"o*type</hw> <tt>(s?-?n"?-t?p)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cyanide</ets> + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <def>A photographic picture obtained by the use of a cyanide.</def>

<h1>Cyanurate</h1>
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<hw>Cy"an"u*rate</hw> <tt>(s?-?n"?-r?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of cyanuric acid.</def>

<h1>Cyanuret</h1>
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<hw>Cy*an"u*ret</hw> <tt>(-r?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A cyanide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Cyanuric</h1>
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<hw>Cy`a*nu"ric</hw> <tt>(s?`?-n?"r?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Cyanic</ets> + <ets>uric</ets>: Cf. F. <ets>cyanurique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, cyanic and uric acids.</def>

<h1>Cyanuric acid</h1>
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<hw>Cyanuric acid</hw> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <def>an organic acid, <chform>C3O3N3H3</chform>, first obtained by heating <i>uric</i> acid or <i>urea</i>, and called <altname>pyrouric acid</altname>; afterwards obtained from <i>isocyanic acid</i>. It is a white crystalline substance, odorless and almost tasteless; -- called also <altname>tricarbimide</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cyathiform</h1>
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<hw>Cy*ath"i*form</hw> <tt>(s?-?th"?-f?rm)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cyathus</ets> a cup (Gr, <grk>ky`aqos</grk>) <ets>-form</ets>:cf. F.  <ets>cyathiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the form of a cup, a little widened at the top.</def>

<h1>Cyatholith</h1>
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<hw>Cy*ath"olith</hw> <tt>(s?-?th"?-l?th)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>ky`aqos</grk> a cup + <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A kind of coccolith, which in shape resembles a minute cup widened at the top, and varies in size from <frac1x6000/ to <frac1x8000/ of an inch.</def>

<h1>Cyathophylloid</h1>
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<hw>Cy`a*tho*phyl"loid</hw> <tt>(s?`?-th?-f?l"loid)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>cyathophyllum</ets>, fr. Gr. <grk>ky`aqos</grk> a cup + <grk>fy`llon</grk> a leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Pale<?/n.)</fld> <def>Like, or pertaining to, the family <spn>Cyathophyllid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Cyathophylloid</h1>
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<hw>Cy`a*tho*phyl"loid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil coral of the family <spn>Cyathophyllid\'91</spn>; sometimes extended to fossil corals of other related families belonging to the group Rugosa; -- also called <altname>cup corals</altname>. Thay are found in paleozoic rocks.</def>

<h1>Cycad</h1>
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<hw>Cy"cad</hw> <tt>(s?"k?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the natural order <spn>Cycadece\'91</spn>, as the sago palm, etc.</def>

<h1>Cycadaceous</h1>
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<hw>Cyc`a*da"ceous</hw> <tt>(s?k`?-d?"sh?s &or;  s?`k?-)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, an order of plants like the palms, but having exogenous wood. The sago palm is an example.</def>

<h1>Cycas</h1>
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<hw>Cy"cas</hw> <tt>(s?"k?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain origin. Linn\'91us derives it from one of the "obscure Greek words."]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees, intermediate in character between the palms and the pines. The pith of the trunk of some species furnishes a valuable kind of sago.</def>

<h1>Cyclamen</h1>
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<hw>Cyc"la*men</hw> <tt>(s?k"l?-m?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>kykla`minos</grk>, <grk>kyklami`s</grk>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants of the Primrose family, having depressed rounded corms, and pretty nodding flowers with the petals so reflexed as to point upwards, whence it is called <altname>rabbit's ears</altname>. It is also called <altname>sow bread</altname>, because hogs are said to eat the corms.</def>

<h1>Cyclamin</h1>
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<hw>Cyc"la*min</hw> <tt>(-m?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A white amorphous substance, regarded as a glucoside, extracted from the corm of <spn>Cyclamen Europ\'91um</spn>.</def>

<h1>Cyclas</h1>
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<hw>Cy"clas</hw> <tt>(s?"kl?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.<er>Ciclatoun</er>.]</ety> <def>A long gown or surcoat (cut off in front), worn in the Middle Ages. It was sometimes embroidered or interwoven with gold. Also, a rich stuff from which the gown was made.</def>

<h1>Cycle</h1>
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<hw>Cy"cle</hw> <tt>(s?"k'l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ycle</ets>, LL. <ets>cyclus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ ring or circle, cycle; akin to Skr. <ets>cakra</ets> wheel, circle. See <er>Wheel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An imaginary circle or orbit in the heavens; one of the celestial spheres.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An interval of time in which a certain succession of events or phenomena is completed, and then returns again and again, uniformly and continually in the same order; a periodical space of time marked by the recurrence of something peculiar; <as>as, the <ex>cucle</ex> of the seasons, or of the year</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Wages . . . bear a full proportion . . . to the medium of provision during the last bad <b>cycle</b> of twenty years.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An age; a long period of time.</def>

<blockquote>Better fifty years of Europe than a <b>cycle</b> of Cathay.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An orderly list for a given time; a calendar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We . . . present our gardeners with a complete <b>cycle</b> of what is requisite to be done throughout every month of the year.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The circle of subjects connected with the exploits of the hero or heroes of some particular period which have severed as a popular theme for poetry, as the legend aof Arthur and the knights of the Round Table, and that of Charlemagne and his paladins.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One entire round in a circle or a spire; <as>as, a <ex>cycle</ex> or set of leaves</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A bicycle or tricycle, or other light velocipede.</def>

<cs><col>Calippic cycle</col>, <cd>a period of 76 years, or four Metonic cycles; -- so called from Calippus, who proposed it as an improvement on the Metonic cycle.</cd> -- <col>Cycle of eclipses</col>, <cd>a priod of about 6,586 days, the time of revolution of the moon's node; -- called <i>Saros</i> by the Chaldeans.</cd> -- <col>Cycle of indiction</col>, <cd>a period of 15 years, employed in Roman and ecclesiastical chronology, not founded on any astronomical period, but having reference to certain judicial acts which took place at stated epochs under the Greek emperors.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cycle of the moon</col>, &or; <col>Metonic cycle</col></mcol>, <cd>a period of 19 years, after the lapse of which the new and full moon returns to the same day of the year; -- so called from Meton, who first proposed it.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cycle of the sun</col>, <col>Solar cycle</col></mcol>, <cd>a period of 28 years, at the end of which time the days of the month return to the same days of the week. The <i>dominical</i> or <i>Sunday letter</i> follows the same order; hence the <i>solar cycle</i> is also called the <i>cycle of the Sunday letter</i>. In the Gregorian calendar the <i>solar cycle</i> is in general interrupted at the end of the century.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cycle</h1>
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<hw>Cy"cle</hw> <tt>(s?"k'l)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Cycled</er>. <tt>(-k'ld)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Cycling</er> <tt>(-kl<?/ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pass through a cycle of changes; to recur in cycles.</def>

<i>Tennyson. Darwin.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To ride a bicycle, tricycle, or other form of cycle.</def>

<h1>Cyclic sklk &or; sklk, Cyclical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cyc"lic</hw> <tt>(s?k"l?k &or; s?"kl?k)</tt>, <hw>Cyc"lic*al</hw> <tt>(s?k"l?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>cycluque</ets>, Gr.<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ See <er>Cycle</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a cycle or circle; moving in cycles; <as>as, <ex>cyclical</ex> time</as>.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<cs><col>Cyclic chorus</col>, <cd>the chorus which performed the songs and dances of the dithyrambic odes at Athens, dancing round the altar of Bacchus in a circle.</cd> -- <col>Cyclic poets</col>, <cd>certain epic poets who followed Homer, and wrote merely on the Trojan war and its heroes; -- so called because keeping within the circle of a singe subject. Also, any series or coterie of poets writing on one subject.</cd></cs>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Cyclide</h1>
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<hw>Cy"clide</hw> <tt>(s?"kl?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ circle.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A surface of the fourth degree, having certain special relations to spherical surfaces. The tore or anchor ring is one of the cyclides.</def>

<h1>Cycling</h1>
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<hw>Cy"cling</hw> <tt>(s?"kl?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>  <def>The act, art, or practice, of riding a cycle, esp. a bicycle or tricycle.</def>

<h1>Cyclist</h1>
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<hw>Cy"clist</hw> <tt>(s?"kl?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cycler.</def>

<h1>Cyclo-</h1>
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<hw>Cy"clo-</hw> <tt>(s?"kl?-)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ circle, wheel.]</ety> <def>A combining form meaning <i>circular</i>, <i>of a circle</i> or <i>wheel</i>.</def>

<h1>Cyclobranchiate</h1>
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<hw>Cy`clo*bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(s?`kl?-br?n"k?-?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cyclo-</ets> + <ets>branchiate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>Having the gills around the margin of the body, as certain limpets.</def>

<h1>Cycloganoid</h1>
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<hw>Cy`clo*ga"noid</hw> <tt>(s?`kl?-g?"noid &or; -g?n"oid)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Cycloganoidei.</def>

<h1>Cycloganoid</h1>
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<hw>Cy`clo*ga"noid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Cycloganoidei.</def>

<h1>Cycloganoidei</h1>
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<hw>Cy`clo*ga*noi"de*i</hw> <tt>(s?"kl?-g?-noi"d?-?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ circle + NL. <ets>ganoidei</ets>. See <er>Ganoid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of ganoid fishes, having cycloid scales. The bowfin (<spn>Amia calva</spn>) is a living example.</def>

<h1>Cyclograph</h1>
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<hw>Cy"clo*graph</hw> <tt>(s?"kl?-gr?f)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cyclo-</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Arcograph</er>.</def>

<h1>Cycloid</h1>
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<hw>Cy"cloid</hw> <tt>(s?"kloid)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cyclo-</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cyclo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve generated by a point in the plane of a circle when the circle is rolled along a straight line, keeping always in the same plane.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>common cycloid</i> is the curve described when the generating point (<i>p</i>) is on the circumference of the generating circle; the <i>curtate cycloid</i>, when that point lies without the circumference; the <i>prolate</i> or <i>inflected cycloid</i>, when the generating point (<i>p</i>) lies within that circumference.</note>

<h1>Cycloid</h1>
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<hw>Cy"cloid</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Cycloidei.</def>

<cs><col>Cycloid scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fish scale which is thin and shows concentric lines of growth, without serrations on the margin.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cycloid</h1>
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<hw>Cy"cloid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Cycloidei.</def>

<h1>Cycloidal</h1>
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<hw>Cy*cloid"al</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a cycloid; <as>as, the <ex>cycloidal</ex> space is the space contained between a cycloid and its base</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Cycloidal engine</col>. <cd>See <er>Geometric lathe</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cycloidei</h1>
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<hw>Cy*cloi"de*i</hw> <tt>(s?-kloi"d?-?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ circle + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes, formerly proposed by Agassiz, for those with thin, smooth scales, destitute of marginal spines, as the herring and salmon. The group is now regarded as artificial.</def>

<h1>Cycloidian</h1>
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<hw>Cy*cloid"i*an</hw> <tt>(s?-kloid"?-<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as 2d and 3d <er>Cycloid</er>.</def>

<h1>Cyclometer</h1>
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<hw>Cy*clom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(s?-kl?m"?-t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cyclo-</ets>  + -meter.]</ety> <def>A contrivance for recording the revolutions of a wheel, as of a bicycle.</def>

<h1>Cyclometry</h1>
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<hw>Cy*clom"e*try</hw> <tt>(-tr?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cyclo-</ets> + <ets>-metry</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cyclom<?/trie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The art of measuring circles.</def>

<h1>Cyclone</h1>
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<hw>Cy"clone</hw> <tt>(s?"kl?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ moving in a circle, p. pr. of <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ circle.]</ety> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>A violent storm, often of vast extent, characterized by high winds rotating about a calm center of low atmospheric pressure. This center moves onward, often with a velocity of twenty or thirty miles an hour.</def>

<note>&hand; The atmospheric disturbance usually accompanying a cyclone, marked by an onward moving area of high pressure, is called an <i>anticyclone</i>.</note>

<h1>Cyclonic</h1>
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<hw>Cy*clon"ic</hw> <tt>(s?-kl?n"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a cyclone.</def>

<h1>Cyclop</h1>
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<hw>Cy"clop</hw> <tt>(s?"kl?p)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See Note under <er>Cyclops</er>, 1.</def>

<h1>Cyclopean</h1>
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<hw>Cy`clo*pe"an</hw> <tt>(s?`kl?-p?"<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Cyclopeus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ Cyclops: cf. F. <ets>cyclopeen</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the Cyclops; characteristic of the Cyclops; huge; gigantic; vast and rough; massive; <as>as, <ex>Cyclopean</ex> labors; <ex>Cyclopean</ex> architecture.</as></def>

<h1>Cyclopedia Cyclop\'91dia</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cy`clo*pe"di*a</hw> <hw>Cy`clo*p\'91"di*a</hw><hw> <tt>(s?`kl?-p?"d?-?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <grk>ky`klos</grk> circle + <grk>paidei`a</grk> the bringing up of a child, education, erudition, fr. <grk>paidey`ein</grk> to bring up a child. See <er>Cycle</er>, and cf. <er>Encyclopedia</er>, <er>Pedagogue</er>.]</ety> <def>The circle or compass of the arts and sciences (originally, of the seven so-called liberal arts and sciences); circle of human knowledge. Hence, a work containing, in alphabetical order, information in all departments of knowledge, or on a particular department or branch; <as>as, a <ex>cyclopedia</ex> of the physical sciences, or of mechanics</as>. See <er>Encyclopedia</er>.</def>

<h1>Cyclopedic</h1>
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<hw>Cy`clo*ped"ic</hw> <tt>(s?`kl?-p?d"?k &or;  -p?"d?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to the circle of the sciences, or to a cyclopedia; of the nature of a cyclopedia; hence, of great range, extent, or amount; <as>as, a man of <ex>cyclopedic</ex> knowledge</as>.</def>

<h1>Cyclopedist</h1>
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<hw>Cy`clo*pe"dist</hw> <tt>(-p?"d?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A maker of, or writer for, a cyclopedia.</def>

<h1>Cyclopic</h1>
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<hw>Cy*clop"ic</hw> <tt>(s?-kl?p"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the Cyclops; Cyclopean.</def>

<h1>Cyclops</h1>
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<hw>Cy"clops</hw> <tt>(s?"kl?ps)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Cyclops</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ (strictly round-eyed), pl. <?/<?/<?/<?/;<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ circle + <?/<?/ eye.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>One of a race of giants, sons of Neptune and Amphitrite, having but one eye, and that in the middle of the forehead. They were fabled to inhabit Sicily, and to assist in the workshops of Vulcan, under Mt. Etna.</def>

<note>&hand; Pope, in his translation of the "Odyssey," uniformly spells this word <i>Cyclop</i>, when used in the singular.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of minute Entomostraca, found both in fresh and salt water. See <er>Copepoda</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A portable forge, used by tinkers, etc.</def>

<h1>Cyclorama</h1>
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<hw>Cy`clo*ra"ma</hw> <tt>(s?`kl?-r?"m?  &or; -r?"m?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cyclo-</ets> + <ets>Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ sight, spectacle.]</ety> <def>A pictorial view which is extended circularly, so that the spectator is surrounded by the objects represented as by things in nature. The realistic effect is increased by putting, in the space between the spectator and the picture, things adapted to the scene represented, and in some places only parts of these objects, the completion of them being carried out pictorially.</def>

<h1>Cycloscope</h1>
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<hw>Cy"clo*scope</hw> <tt>(s?"kl?-sk?p)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cyclo-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>A machine for measuring at any moment velocity of rotation, as of a wheel of a steam engine.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Cyclosis</h1>
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<hw>Cy*clo"sis</hw> <tt>(s?-kl?"s?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ circulation, from <?/<?/<?/<?/. See <er>Cyclone</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The circulation or movement of protoplasmic granules within a living vegetable cell.</def>

<h1>Cyclostomata</h1>
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<hw>Cy`clo*stom"a*ta</hw> <tt>(s?`kl?-st?m"?-t?)</tt><def>,</def>

<h1>Cyclostoma</h1>
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<hw>Cy*clos"to*ma</hw> <tt>(s?-kl?s"t?-m?)</tt>,, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ circle + <?/<?/<?/<?/, -<?/<?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Bryozoa, in which the cells have circular apertures.</def>

<h1>Cyclostome skl-stm, Cyclostomous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cy"clo*stome</hw> <tt>(s?"kl?-st?m)</tt>, <hw>Cy*clos"to*mous</hw> <tt>(s?-kl?s"t?-m?s)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Cyclostomi.</def>

<h1>Cyclostomi</h1>
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<hw>Cy*clos"to*mi</hw> <tt>(s?-kl?s"t?-m?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Cyclostomata</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A glass of fishes having a suckerlike mouth, without jaws, as the lamprey; the Marsipobranchii.</def>

<h1>Cyclostylar</h1>
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<hw>Cy`clo*sty"lar</hw> <tt>(s?`kl?-st?"?r)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cyclo-</ets> + <ets>Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ column.]</ety> <def>Relating to a structure composed of a circular range of columns, without a core or building within.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Cyclostyle</h1>
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<hw>Cy"clo*style</hw> <tt>(s?"kl?-st?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cyclo</ets> + <ets>style</ets>.]</ety> <def>A contrivance for producing manifold copies of writing or drawing. The writing or drawing is done with a style carrying a small wheel at the end which makes minute punctures in the paper, thus converting it into a stencil. Copies are transferred with an inked roller.</def>

<h1>Cyder</h1>
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<hw>Cy"der</hw> <tt>(s?"d?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cider</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Cydonin</h1>
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<hw>Cy*do"nin</hw> <tt>(s?-d?"n?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A peculiar mucilaginous substance extracted from the seeds of the quince (<spn>Cydonia vulgaris</spn>), and regarded as a variety of amylose.</def>

<h1>Cygnet</h1>
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<hw>Cyg"net</hw> <tt>(s?g"n?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of F. <ets>cygne</ets> swan, L. <ets>cycnus</ets>. <ets>cygnus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/: but F. <ets>cugne</ets> seems to be an etymological spelling of OF. <ets>cisne</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>cecinus</ets>, <ets>cicinus</ets>, perh. ultimately also fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young swan.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Cygnus</h1>
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<hw>Cyg"nus</hw> <tt>(s?g"n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a swan.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A constellation of the northern hemisphere east of, or following, Lyra; the Swan.</def>

<h1>Cylinder</h1>
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<hw>Cyl"in*der</hw> <tt>(s?l"?n-d?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cylindre</ets>, OF. <ets>cilindre</ets>, L. <ets>cylindrus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/,<?/<?/<?/<?/, to roll. Cf. <er>Calender</er> the machine.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A solid body which may be generated by the rotation of a parallelogram round one its sides; or a body of rollerlike form, of which the longitudinal section is oblong, and the cross section is circular.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The space inclosed by any cylindrical surface. The space may be limited or unlimited in length.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any hollow body of cylindrical form</def>, as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The chamber of a steam engine in which the piston is moved by the force of steam.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The barrel of an air or other pump.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The revolving platen or bed which produces the impression or carries the type in a cylinder press.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The bore of a gun; the turning chambered breech of a revolver.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The revolving square prism carryng the cards in a Jacquard loom.</def>

<cs><col>Cylinder axis</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See<i>Axis cylinder</i>, under <er>Axis</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cylinder engine</col> <fld>(Paper Making)</fld>, <cd>a machine in which a cylinder takes up the pulp and delivers it in a continuous sheet to the dryers.</cd> -- <col>Cylinder escapement</col>. <cd>See <er>Escapement</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cylinder glass</col>. <cd>See <er>Glass</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cylinder mill</col>. <cd>See <er>Roller mill</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cylinder press</col>. <cd>See <er>Press</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cylindraceous</h1>
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<hw>Cyl`in*dra"ceous</hw> <tt>(-dr?"sh?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cylyndrac<?/</ets>]</ety> <def>Cylindrical, or approaching a cylindrical form.</def>

<h1>Cylindric s-lndrk, Cylindrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cy*lin"dric</hw> <tt>(s?-l?n"dr?k)</tt>, <hw>Cy*lin"dric*al</hw> <tt>(-dr?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, from <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ cylinder: cf. F. <ets>cylindrique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a cylinder, or of a section of its convex surface; partaking of the properties of the cylinder.</def>

<cs><col>Cylindrical lens</col>, <cd>a lens having one, or more than one, cylindrical surface.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cylindric, &or; Cylindrical</col>, <col>surface</col></mcol> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a surface described by a straight line that moves according to any law, but so as to be constantly parallel to a given line.</cd> -- <col>Cylindrical vault</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Vault</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Cylindrically</h1>
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<hw>Cy*lin"dric*al*ly</hw> <tt>(s?-l?n"dr?-k<it>a</it>l-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner or shape of a cylinder; so as to be cylindrical.</def>

<h1>Cylindricity</h1>
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<hw>Cyl*`in*dric"i*ty</hw> <tt>(s?l`?n-dr?s"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being cylindrical.</def>

<h1>Cylindriform</h1>
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<hw>Cy*lin"dri*form</hw> <tt>(s?-l?n"dr?-f?rm)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cylindrus</ets> (Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/) cylinder + <ets>-form</ets>: cf.F. <ets>cylindriforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a cylinder.</def>

<h1>Cylindroid</h1>
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<hw>Cyl"in*droid</hw> <tt>(s?l"?n-droid)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ cylinder + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cylindro<?/de</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A solid body resembling a right cylinder, but having the bases or ends elliptical.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A certain surface of the third degree, described by a moving straight line; -- used to illustrate the motions of a rigid body and also the forces acting on the body.</def>

<h1>Cylindrometric</h1>
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<hw>Cy*lin`dro*met"ric</hw> <tt>(s?-l?n`dr?-m?t"r?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/<?/<?/<?/ + <?/<?/<?/<?/ measure.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a scale used in measuring cylinders.</def>

<h1>Cyma</h1>
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<hw>Cy"ma</hw> <tt>(s?"m?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ See <er>Cyme</er>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A member or molding of the cornice, the profile of which is wavelike in form.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A cyme. See <er>Cyme</er>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Cyma recta<col>, &or; <col>Cyma</col>, <cd>a cyma, hollow in its upper part and swelling below.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cyma reversa</col>, &or; <col>Ogee</col>, <cd>a cyma swelling out on the upper part and hollow below.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cymar</h1>
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<hw>Cy*mar"</hw> <tt>(s?-m?r")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>simarre</ets>. See <er>Chimere</er>.]</ety> <def>A sight covering; a scarf. See <er>Simar</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Her body shaded with a light <b>cymar</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cymatium</h1>
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<hw>Cy*ma"ti*um</hw> <tt>(s?-m?"sh?-?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, dim. of <?/<?/<?/<?/ a wave.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A capping or crowning molding in classic architecture.</def>

<h1>Cymbal</h1>
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<hw>Cym"bal</hw> <tt>(s?m"b<it>a</it>l)</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cimbale</ets>, <ets>simbale</ets>, OF. <ets>cimbale</ets>, F.  <ets>cymbale</ets>, L. <ets>cymbalum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/, anything hollow, hollow vessel, basin, akin to Skr. <ets>kubha</ets> pot. Cf. <er>Chime</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A musical instrument used by the ancients. It is supposed to have been similar to the modern kettle drum, though perhaps smaller.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A musical instrument of brass, shaped like a circular dish or a flat plate, with a handle at the back; -- used in pairs to produce a sharp ringing sound by clashing them together.</def>

<note>&hand; In orchestras, one cymbal is commonly attached to the bass drum, and the other heid in the drummer's left hand, while his right hand uses the drumstick.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A musical instrument used by gypsies and others, made of steel wire, in a triangular form, on which are movable rings.</def>

<h1>Cymbalist</h1>
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<hw>Cym"bal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A performer upon cymbals.</def>

<h1>Cymbiform</h1>
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<hw>Cym"bi*form</hw> <tt>(s?m"b?-f?rm)</tt>,, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cymba</ets> boat (Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/) + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cymbiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like a boat; <fld>(Bot.)</fld> elongated and having the upper surface decidedly concave, as the glumes of many grasses.</def>

<h1>Cymbium</h1>
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<hw>Cym"bi*um</hw> <tt>(s?m"b?-?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a small cup, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine univalve shells; the gondola.</def>

<h1>Cyme</h1>
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<hw>Cyme</hw> <tt>(s?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cyma</ets> the young sprount of a cabbage, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/, prop., anything swollen, hence also cyme, wave, fr. <?/<?/<?/ to be pregnant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A flattish or convex flower cluster, of the centrifugal or determinate type, differing from a corymb chiefly in the order of the opening of the blossoms.</def>

<h1>Cymene</h1>
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<hw>Cy"mene</hw> <tt>(s?"m?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, liquid, combustible hydrocarbon, <chform>CH3.C6H4.C3H7<chform>, of pleasant odor, obtained from oil of cumin, oil of caraway, carvacrol, camphor, etc.; -- called also <altname>paracymene</altname>, and formerly <altname>camphogen</altname>.</def>

<h1>Cymenol</h1>
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<hw>Cy"me*nol</hw> <tt>(s?"m?-n?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Carvacrol</er>.</def>

<h1>Cymidine</h1>
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<hw>Cy"mi*dine</hw> <tt>( s?"m?-d?n &or; -d?n; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid organic base, <chform>C10H13.NH2</chform>, derived from cymene.</def>

<h1>Cymiferous</h1>
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<hw>Cy*mif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(s?-m?f"?r-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cyme</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing cymes.</def>

<h1>Cymling, Cymbling</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cym"ling</hw>, <hw>Cymb"ling</hw> <tt>(s?m"l?ng)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A scalloped or "pattypan" variety of summer squash.</def>

<h1>Cymogene</h1>
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<hw>Cy"mo*gene</hw> <tt>(s?"m?-j?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A highly volatile liquid, condensed by cold and pressure from the first products of the distillation of petroleum; -- used for producing low temperatures.</def>

<h1>Cymoid</h1>
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<hw>Cy"moid</hw> <tt>(s?"moid)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cyme</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a cyme.</def>

<h1>Cymophane</h1>
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<hw>Cym"o*phane</hw> <tt>(s?m"?-f?n &or; s?"m?-)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/<?/<?/ wave + <?/<?/<?/ To appear: cf. F. <ets>cymophane</ets>. So named in allusion to a peculiar opalescence often seen in it.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Chrysoberyl</er>.</def>

<h1>Cymophanous</h1>
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<hw>Cy*moph"a*nous</hw> <tt>(s?-m?f"?-n?s &or; s?-)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a wavy, floating light; opalescent; chatoyant.</def>

<h1>Cymose sms; 277, Cymous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cy"mose</hw> <tt>(s?"m?s; 277)</tt>, <hw>Cy"mous</hw> <tt>(s?"m?s)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cymosus</ets> full of shoots: cf. FF. <ets>cymeux</ets>. See Cyme.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the nature of a cyme, or derived from a cyme; bearing, or pertaining to, a cyme or cymes.</def>

<h1>Cymric</h1>
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<hw>Cym"ric</hw> <tt>(k?m"r?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>Cymru</ets> Wales.]</ety> <def>Welsh.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The Welsh language.</def></def2> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Kymric</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Cymry</h1>
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<hw>Cym"ry</hw> <tt>(-r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W., <ets>pl</ets>.]</ety> <def>A collective term for the Welsh race; -- so called by themselves .</def> <altsp>[<asp>Written also Cymri</asp>, <asp>Cwmry</asp>, <asp>Kymry</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Cymule</h1>
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<hw>Cy"mule</hw> <tt>(s?"m?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>cymula</ets> a tender sprout, dim. of <ets>cyna</ets>. See <er>Cyme</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small cyme, or one of very few flowers.</def>

<h1>Cynanche</h1>
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<hw>Cy*nan"che</hw> <tt>(s?-n?n"k?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a dog's collar, a bad kind of sore throat. Cf. <er>Quinsy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any disease of the tonsils, throat, or windpipe, attended with inflammation, swelling, and difficulty of breathing and swallowing.</def>

<h1>Cynanthropy</h1>
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<hw>Cy*nan"thro*py</hw> <tt>(s?-n?n"thr?-p?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ of a dog-man; <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, dog + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ man: cf. F. <ets>cynanthropie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of madness in which men fancy themselves changed into dogs, and imitate the voice and habits of that animal.</def>

<h1>Cynarctomachy</h1>
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<hw>Cyn`arc*tom"a*chy</hw> <tt>(s?n`?rk-t?m"?-k?)</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/, dog + <?/<?/<?/ bear + <?/<?/<?/ fight.]</ety> <def>Bear baiting with a dog.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Cynarrhodium</h1>
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<hw>Cyn`ar*rho"di*um</hw> <tt>(s?n`?r-r?"d?-?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ dog-rose; <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, dog + <?/<?/<?/ rose.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fruit like that of the rose, consisting of a cup formed of the calyx tube and receptacle, and containing achenes.</def>

<hr>
<page="363">
Page 363<p>

<h1>Cynegetics</h1>
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<hw>Cyn`e*get"ics</hw> <tt>(s?n`?-j?t"?ks)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ (sc. <?/<?/<?/ art), fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ hunter; <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/, dog + <?/<?/<?/ to lead.]</ety> <def>The art of hunting with dogs.</def>

<h1>Cynic snk, Cynical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cyn"ic</hw> <tt>(s?n"?k)</tt>, <hw>Cyn"ic*al</hw> <tt>(-?-k<it>a</it>l)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cynicus</ets> of the sect of Cynics, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, prop., dog-like, fr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, dog. See <er>Hound</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the qualities of a surly dog; snarling; captious; currish.</def>

<blockquote>I hope it is no very <b>cynical</b> asperity not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to the Dog Star; <as>as, the <ex>cynic</ex>, or Sothic, year; <ex>cynic</ex> cycle.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Belonging to the sect of philosophers called cynics; having the qualities of a cynic; pertaining to, or resembling, the doctrines of the cynics.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Given to sneering at rectitude and the conduct of life by moral principles; disbelieving in the reality of any human purposes which are not suggested or directed by self-interest or self-indulgence; <as>as, a <ex>cynical</ex> man who scoffs at pretensions of integrity</as>; characterized by such opinions; <as>as, <ex>cynical</ex> views of human nature</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; In prose, <i>cynical</i> is used rather than <i>cynic</i>, in the senses 1 and 4.</note>

<cs><col>Cynic spasm</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a convulsive contraction of the muscles of one side of the face, producing a sort of grin, suggesting certain movements in the upper lip of a dog.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cynic</h1>
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<hw>Cyn"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gr. Philos)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of a sect or school of philosophers founded by Antisthenes, and of whom Diogenes was a disciple. The first Cynics were noted for austere lives and their scorn for social customs and current philosophical opinions. Hence the term Cynic symbolized, in the popular judgment, moroseness, and contempt for the views of others.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who holds views resembling those of the Cynics; a snarler; a misanthrope; particularly, a person who believes that human conduct is directed, either consciously or unconsciously, wholly by self-interest or self-indulgence, and that appearances to the contrary are superficial and untrustworthy.</def>

<blockquote>He could obtain from one morose <b>cynic</b>, whose opinion it was impossible to despise, scarcely any not acidulated with scorn.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cynically</h1>
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<hw>Cyn"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(s?n"?-k<it>a</it>l-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a cynical manner.</def>

<h1>Cynicalness</h1>
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<hw>Cyn"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being cynical.</def>

<h1>Cynicism</h1>
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<hw>Cyn"i*cism</hw> <tt>(s?n"?-s?z'm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine of the Cynics; the quality of being cynical; the mental state, opnions, or conduct, of a cynic; morose and contemptuous views and opinions.</def>

<h1>Cynoidea</h1>
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<hw>Cy*noi"de*a</hw> <tt>(s?-noi"d?-a)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, a dog + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Carnivora, including the dogs, wolves, and foxes.</def>

<h1>Cynorexia</h1>
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<hw>Cyn`o*rex"i*a</hw> <tt>(s?n`?-r?ks"?-?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, dog + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ appetite. ]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A voracious appetite, like that of a starved dog.</def>

<h1>Cynosural</h1>
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<hw>Cy`no*su"ral</hw> <tt>(s?`n?-sh?"r<it>a</it>l &or;  s?n`?-)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a cynosure.</def>

<h1>Cynosure</h1>
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<hw>Cy"no*sure</hw> <tt>(s?"n?-sh?r &or; s?n"?-sh?r; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Cynosura</ets> theconstellation Cynosure, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ dog's tail, the constellation Cynosure; <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/, dog + <?/<?/<?/<?/ tail. See<er>Cynic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The constellation of the Lesser Bear, to which, as containing the polar star, the eyes of mariners and travelers were often directed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which serves to direct.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything to which attention is strongly turned; a center of attraction.</def>

<blockquote>Where perhaps some beauty lies,
The <b>cynosure</b> of neighboring eyes.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cyon</h1>
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<hw>Cy"on</hw> <tt>(s?"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cion</er>, and <er>Scion</er>.</def>

<h1>Cyperaceous</h1>
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<hw>Cyp`er*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(s?p`?r-?"sh?s &or; s?`p?r-)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a large family of plants of which the sedge is the type.</def>

<h1>Cyperus</h1>
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<hw>Cyp"e*rus</hw> <tt>(s?p"?-r?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ sedge.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large genus of plants belonging to the Sedge family, and including the species called galingale, several bulrushes, and the Egyptian papyrus.</def>

<h1>Cypher</h1>
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<hw>Cy"pher</hw> <tt>(s?"f?r)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Cipher</er>.</def>

<h1>Cyphonautes</h1>
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<hw>Cyph`o*nau"tes</hw> <tt>(s?f`?-n?"t?z)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ bent + <?/<?/<?/<?/ sailor.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The free-swimming, bivalve larva of certain Bryozoa.</def>

<h1>Cyphonism</h1>
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<hw>Cyph"o*nism</hw> <tt>(s?f`?-n?z'm &or; s<?/"f<?/-)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a crooked piece of wood, a sort of pillory, fr. <?/<?/<?/ bent, stooping.]</ety> <def>A punishment sometimes used by the ancients, consisting in the besmearing of the criminal with honey, and exposing him to insects. It is still in use among some Oriental nations.</def>

<h1>Cypr\'91a</h1>
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<hw>Cy*pr\'91"a</hw> <tt>(s?-pr?"?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.; cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a name of Venus.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of mollusks, including the cowries. See <er>Cowrie</er>.</def>

<h1>Cypres</h1>
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<hw>Cy`pres"</hw> <tt>(s?`pr?"  &or; s?`pr?s")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF., nearly.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A rule for construing written instruments so as to conform as nearly to the intention of the parties as is consistent with law.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Cypress</h1>
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<hw>Cy"press</hw> <tt>(s?"pr?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cypresses</plw> (-<?/z).</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>cipres</ets>, <ets>cipresse</ets>, OF. <ets>cipres</ets>, F.  <ets>cypr<?/s</ets>, L.  <ets>cupressus</ets>, <ets>cyparissus</ets> (cf. the usual Lat. form <ets>cupressus</ets>), fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, perh. of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. <ets>g<?/pher</ets>, Gen. vi. 14.]</ety> <fld>(Bot)</fld> <def>A coniferous tree of the genus <spn>Cupressus</spn>. The species are mostly evergreen, and have wood remarkable for its durability.</def>

<note>&hand; Among the trees called <i>cypress</i> are the common Oriental cypress, <spn>Cupressus sempervirens</spn>, the evergreen American cypress, <spn>C. thyoides</spn> (now called <spn>Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea</spn>), and the deciduous American cypress, <spn>Taxodium distichum</spn>. As having anciently been used at funerals, and to adorn tombs, the Oriental species is an emblem of mourning and sadness.</note>

<cs><col>Cypress vine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a climbing plant with red or white flowers (<spn>Ipot\'d2a Quamoclit</spn>, formerly <spn>Quamoclit vulgaris</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Cyprian</h1>
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<hw>Cyp"ri*an</hw> <tt>(s?p"r?-a]/>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Cyprius</ets>, fr. <ets>Cyprus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, an island in the Mediterranean, renowned for the worship of Venus.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to Cyprus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of, pertaining, or conducing to, lewdness.</def>

<h1>Cyprian</h1>
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<hw>Cyp"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of Cyprus, especially of ancient Cyprus; a Cypriot.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lewd woman; a harlot.</def>

<h1>Cyprine</h1>
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<hw>Cyp"rine</hw> <tt>(s?p"r?n &or; s?"pr?n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cypress</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the cypress.</def>

<h1>Cyprine</h1>
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<hw>Cyp"rine</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cyprinoid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Cyprinoid.</def>

<h1>Cyprinodont</h1>
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<hw>Cy*prin"o*dont</hw> <tt>(s?-pr?n"?-d?nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ kind of carp + <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the <spn>Cyprinodontidae</spn>, a family of fishes including the killifishes or minnows. See <er>Minnow</er>.</def>

<h1>Cyprinoid</h1>
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<hw>Cyp"ri*noid</hw> <tt>(s?p"r?-noid)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a kind of carp + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like the carp (<spn>Cyprinus</spn>).</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> One of the <spn>Cyprinidae</spn>, or Carp family, as the goldfish, barbel, etc.</def></def2>

<h1>Cypriot</h1>
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<hw>Cyp"ri*ot</hw> <tt>(s?p"r?-?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>Cypriot</ets>, <ets>Chypriot</ets>.]</ety> <def>A native or inhabitant of Cyprus.</def>

<h1>Cypripedium</h1>
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<hw>Cyp`ri*pe"di*um</hw> <tt>(s?p`r?-p?"d?-?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>Cypris</ets> Venus + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of orchidaceous plants including the lady's slipper.</def>

<h1>Cypris</h1>
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<hw>Cy"pris</hw> <tt>(s?"pr?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cyprides</plw> <tt>(s<?/p"r<?/-d<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>Cypris</ets>, the Cyprian goddess Venus, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/. See <er>Cyprian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small, bivalve, freshwater Crustacea, belonging to the Ostracoda; also, a member of this genus.</def>

<h1>Cyprus</h1>
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<hw>Cy"prus</hw> <tt>(s?"pr?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cipres</ets>, <ets>cypirs</ets>; perh. so named as being first manufactured in Cyprus. Cf. <er>Cipers</er>.]</ety> <def>A thin, transparent stuff, the same as, or corresponding to, crape. It was either white or black, the latter being most common, and used for mourning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lawn as white as driven snow,
<b>Cyprus</b> black as e'er was crow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Cypruslawn</h1>
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<hw>Cy"prus*lawn`</hw> <tt>(-l?n`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Cyprus</er>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Cypsela</h1>
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<hw>Cyp"se*la</hw> <tt>(s?p"s?-l?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ any hollow vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A one-seeded, one-called, indehiscent fruit; an achene with the calyx tube adherent.</def>

<h1>Cypseliform</h1>
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<hw>Cyp*sel"i*form</hw> <tt>(s?p-s?l"?-f?rm)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cypselus</ets> a kind of swallow, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or belonging to the swifts (<spn>Cypselid\'91</spn>.)</def>

<h1>Cyrenaic</h1>
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<hw>Cyr`e*na"ic</hw> <tt>(s?r`?-n?"?k &or; s?`r?-)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Cyrenaicus</ets>, fr. <ets>Cyrene</ets>, in Libya.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Cyrenaica, an ancient country of northern Africa, and to Cyrene, its principal city; also, to a school of philosophy founded by Aristippus, a native of Cyrene.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A native of Cyrenaica; also, a disciple of the school of Aristippus. See <er>Cyrenian</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def></def2>

<h1>Cyrenian</h1>
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<hw>Cy*re"ni*an</hw> <tt>(s?-r?"n?-a]/>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Cyrene, in Africa; Cyrenaic.</def>

<h1>Cyrenian</h1>
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<hw>Cy*re"ni*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of Cyrene.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of a school of philosophers, established at Cyrene by Aristippus, a disciple of Socrates. Their doctrines were nearly the same as those of the Epicureans.</def>

<h1>Cyriologic</h1>
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<hw>Cyr`i*o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(s?r`?-?-l?j"?k &or; s?`r?-)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Curiologic</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to capital letters.</def>

<h1>Cyrtostyle</h1>
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<hw>Cyr"to*style</hw> <tt>(s?r"t?-st?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ bent + <?/<?/<?/ pillar.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A circular projecting portion.</def>

<h1>Cyst</h1>
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<hw>Cyst</hw> <tt>(s?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ bladder, bag, pouch, fr. <?/<?/<?/ to be pregnant. Cf. <er>Cyme</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A pouch or sac without opening, usually membranous and containing morbid matter, which is accidentally developed in one of the natural cavaties or in the substance of an organ.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In old authors, the urinary bladder, or the gall bladder.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cystis</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the bladders or air vessels of certain alg\'91, as of the great kelp of the Pacific, and common rockweeds (<spn>Fuci</spn>) of our shores.</def>

<i>D. C. Eaton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small capsule or sac of the kind in which many immature entozoans exit in the tissues of living animals; also, a similar form in Rotifera, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A form assumed by Protozoa inwhich they become saclike and quiescent. It generally precedes the production of germs. See <er>Encystment</er>.</def>

<h1>Cysted</h1>
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<hw>Cyst"ed</hw> <tt>(s?s"t?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclosed in a cyst.</def>

<h1>Cystic</h1>
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<hw>Cyst"ic</hw> <tt>(s?s"t?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>cystique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the form of, or living in, a cyst; <as>as, the <ex>cystic</ex> entozoa</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Containing cysts; cystose; <as>as, <ex>cystic</ex> sarcoma</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or contained in, a cyst; esp., pertaining to, or contained in, either the urinary bladder or the gall bladder.</def>

<cs><col>Cystic duct</col>, <cd>the duct from the gall bladder which unites with the hepatic to form the common bile duct.</cd> -- <col>Cystic worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a larval tape worm, as the cysticercus and echinococcus.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cysticerce sst-srs, Cysticercus</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cys"ti*cerce</hw> <tt>(s?s"t?-s?rs)</tt>, <hw>Cys`ti*cer"cus</hw> <tt>(-s?r"k?s)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>cysticercus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ bladder + <?/<?/<?/<?/ tail: cf. F. <ets>cysticerque</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larval form of a tapeworm, having the head and neck of a tapeworm attached to a saclike body filled with fluid; -- called also <altname>bladder worm</altname>, <altname>hydatid</altname>, and <altname>measle</altname> (as, pork <i>measle</i>).</def>

<note>&hand; These larvae live in the tissues of various living animals, and, when swallowed by a suitable carnivorous animal, develop into adult tapeworms in the intestine. See <er>Measles</er>, 4, <er>Tapeworm</er>.</note>

<h1>Cysticule</h1>
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<hw>Cys"ti*cule</hw> <tt>(s?s"t?-k?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>cyst</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An appendage of the vestibular ear sac of fishes.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Cystid</h1>
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<hw>Cys"tid</hw> <tt>(s?s"t?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Cystidea.</def>

<h1>Cystidea</h1>
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<hw>Cys*tid"e*a</hw> <tt>(s?s-t?d"?-?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a bladder, pouch.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Crinoidea, mostly fossils of the Paleozoic rocks. They were usually roundish or egg-shaped, and often unsymmetrical; some were sessile, others had short stems.</def>

<h1>Cystidean</h1>
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<hw>Cys*tid"e*an</hw> <tt>(-t?d"?-a]/>n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Cystidea.</def>

<h1>Cystine</h1>
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<hw>Cyst"ine</hw> <tt>(s?s"t?n; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cyst</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline substance, <chform>C3H7NSO2</chform>, containing sulphur, occuring as a constituent of certain rare urinary calculi, and occasionally found as a sediment in urine.</def><-- cysteine? -->

<h1>Cystis</h1>
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<hw>Cys"tis</hw> <tt>(s?s"t?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A cyst. See <er>Cyst</er>.</def>

<h1>Cystitis</h1>
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<hw>Cys*ti"tis</hw> <tt>(s?s-t?"t?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Cyst</ets> +  <ets>-itis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cystite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the bladder.</def>

<h1>Cystocarp</h1>
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<hw>Cys"to*carp</hw> <tt>(s?s"t?-k?rp)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ bladder + <?/<?/<?/<?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A minute vesicle in a red seaweed, which contains the reproductive spores.</def>

<h1>Cystocele</h1>
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<hw>Cys"to*cele</hw> <tt>(-s?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ bladder + <?/<?/<?/ tumor: cf. F. <ets>cystocele</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hernia in which the urinary bladder protrudes; vesical hernia.</def>

<h1>Cystoid, Cystoidean</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cys"toid</hw>, <hw>Cys*toid"e*an</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Cystidean</er>.</def>

<h1>Cystoidea</h1>
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<hw>Cys*toi"de*a</hw> <tt>(s?s-toi"d?-?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Cystidea</er>.</def>

<h1>Cystolith</h1>
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<hw>Cys"to*lith</hw> <tt>(s?s"t?-l?th)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ bladder + <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A concretion of mineral matter within a leaf or other part of a plant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A urinary calculus.</def>

<h1>Cystolithic</h1>
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<hw>Cys`to*lith"ic</hw> <tt>(-l?th"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relating to stone in the bladder.</def>

<h1>Cystoplast</h1>
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<hw>Cys"to*plast</hw> <tt>(-pl?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ bladder + <?/<?/<?/ to form.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A nucleated cell having an envelope or cell wall, as a red blood corpuscle or an epithelial cell; a cell concerned in growth.</def>

<h1>Cystose</h1>
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<hw>Cyst"ose</hw> <tt>(s?s"t?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing, or resembling, a cyst or cysts; cystic; bladdery.</def>

<h1>Cystotome</h1>
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<hw>Cys"to*tome</hw> <tt>(s?s"t?-t?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ bladder + <?/<?/<?/<?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>cystotome</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A knife or instrument used in cystotomy.</def>

<h1>Cystotomy</h1>
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<hw>Cys*tot"o*my</hw> <tt>(s??s-t?t"?-m?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ bladder + <?/<?/<?/<?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>cystotomie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of opening cysts; esp., the operation of cutting into the bladder, as for the extraction of a calculus.</def>

<h1>Cytherean</h1>
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<hw>Cyth`er*e"an</hw> <tt>(s?th`?r--?"<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Cythereus</ets>, from <ets>Cythera</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/, now <ets>Cerigo</ets>, an island in the \'92gean Sea, celebrated for the worship of Venus.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the goddess Venus.</def>

<h1>Cytoblast</h1>
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<hw>Cy"to*blast</hw> <tt>(s?"t?-bl?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ hollow vessel + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The nucleus of a cell; the germinal or active spot of a cellule, through or in which cell development takes place.</def>

<h1>Cytoblastema</h1>
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<hw>Cy`to*blas*te"ma</hw> <tt>(-bl?s-t?"m?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ hollow vessel + <?/<?/<?/<?/ growth.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Protoplasm</er>.</def>

<h1>Cytococcus</h1>
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<hw>Cy`to*coc"cus</hw> <tt>(-k?k"k?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Cytococci</plw> <tt>(-s<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ hollow vessel + <?/<?/<?/<?/ kernel.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The nucleus of the cytula or parent cell.</def>

<i>H\'91ckel.</i>

<h1>Cytode</h1>
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<hw>Cy"tode</hw> <tt>(s?"t?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ hollow vessel, from <?/<?/<?/<?/. See <er>Cyst</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A nonnucleated mass of protoplasm, the supposed simplest form of independent life differing from the <i>amoeba</i>, in which nuclei are present.</def>

<h1>Cytogenesis</h1>
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<hw>Cy`to*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(s?`t?-j?n"?-s?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ hollow vessel + E. <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Development of cells in animal and vegetable organisms. See <er>Gemmation</er>, <er>Budding</er>, <er>Karyokinesis</er>; also <i>Cell development</i>, under <er>Cell</er>.</def>

<h1>Cytogenic st-jnk, Cytogenetic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Cy`to*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(s?`t?-j?n"?k)</tt>, <hw>Cy`to*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(-j?-n?t"?k)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to <i>cytogenesis</i> or cell development.</def>

<h1>Cytogenous</h1>
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<hw>Cy*tog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(s?-t?j"?-n?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Producing cells; -- applied esp. to lymphatic, or adenoid, tissue.</def>

<h1>Cytogeny</h1>
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<hw>Cy*tog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(-n?)</tt>, <tt>n .</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Cell production or development; cytogenesis.</def>

<h1>Cytoid</h1>
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<hw>Cy"toid</hw> <tt>(s?"toid)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ hollow vessel + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Cell-like; -- applied to the corpuscles of lymph, blood, chyle, etc.</def>

<h1>Cytoplasm</h1>
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<hw>Cy"to*plasm</hw> <tt>(s?"t?-pl?z'm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ hollow vessel + <?/<?/<?/<?/ a mold.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The substance of the body of a cell, as distinguished from the <i>karyoplasma</i>, or substance of the nucleus.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Cy`to*plas"mic</wf> <tt>(-pl<?/z"m<?/k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Cytula</h1>
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<hw>Cyt"u*la</hw> <tt>(s?t"?-l?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a hollow vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The fertilized egg cell or parent cell, from the development of which the child or other organism is formed.</def>

<i>H\'91ckel.</i>

<h1>Czar</h1>
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<hw>Czar</hw> <tt>(z\'84r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>tsare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>Caesar</ets> C\'91sar; cf. OPol. <ets>czar</ets>, Pol.  <ets>car</ets>. ]</ety> <def>A king; a chief; the title of the emperor of Russia.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>tzar</asp><-- and tsar-->.]</altsp>

<h1>Czarevna</h1>
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<hw>Cza*rev"na</hw> <tt>(z?-r?v"n?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>tsarevna</ets>.]</ety> <def>The title of the wife of the czarowitz.</def>

<h1>Czarina</h1>
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<hw>Cza*ri"na</hw> <tt>(z?-r?"n?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>Zarin</ets>, <ets>Czarin</ets>, fem., Russ. <ets>tsaitsa</ets>.]</ety> <def>The title of the empress of Russia.</def>

<h1>Czarinian</h1>
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<hw>Cza*rin"i*an</hw> <tt>(z?-r?n"?-<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the czar or the czarina; czarish.</def>

<h1>Czarish</h1>
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<hw>Czar"ish</hw> <tt>(z?r"?sh)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the czar.</def>

<h1>Czarowitz</h1>
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<hw>Czar"o*witz</hw> <tt>(z?r"?-w?ts &or;  t??r"?-v?ch)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Czarowitzes</plw> <tt>(-<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Russ. <ets>tsar<?/vich'</ets>.]</ety> <def>The title of the eldest son of the czar of Russia.</def>

<h1>Czech</h1>
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<hw>Czech</hw> <tt>(ch?k; 204)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the Czechs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The language of the Czechs (often called Bohemian), the harshest and richest of the Slavic languages.</def>

<h1>Czechic</h1>
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<hw>Czech"ic</hw> <tt>(ch?k"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Czechs.</def> "One <i>Czechic</i> realm."

<i>The Nation.</i>

<h1>Czechs</h1>
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<hw>Czechs</hw> <tt>(ch?ks)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Czech</singw></sing>.  <ety>[Named after their chieftain, <ets>Czech</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>The most westerly branch of the great Slavic family of nations, numbering now more than 6,000,000, and found principally in Bohemia and Moravia.</def>

<hr>
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<centered><point26>D.</point26></centered>

<h1>D</h1>
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<hw>D</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fourth letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonent. The English letter is from Latin, which is from Greek, which took it from Phoenician, the probable ultimate origin being Egyptian. It is related most nearly to <i>t</i> and <i>th</i>; <as>as, Eng. <i>d</i>eep, G. <i>t</i>ief; Eng. <i>d</i>aughter, G. <i>t</i>ochter, Gr. <?/, Skr. <i>d</i>uhitr</as>. See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &root;178, 179, 229.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The nominal of the second tone in the model major scale (that in C), or of the fourth tone in the relative minor scale of C (that in A minor), or of the key tone in the relative minor of F.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>As a numeral D stands for 500. in this use it is not the initial of any word, or even strictly a letter, but one half of the sign <?/ (or <?/ ) the original Tuscan numeral for 1000.</def>

<h1>Dab</h1>
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<hw>Dab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. corrupted fr. <ets>adept</ets>.]</ety> <def>A skillful hand; a dabster; an expert.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>One excels at a plan or the titlepage, another works away at the body of the book, and the therd is a <b>dab</b> at an index.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dab</h1>
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<hw>Dab</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. so named from its quickness in diving beneath the sand. Cf. <er>Dabchick</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name given to several species of <?/ounders, esp. to the European spesies, <i>Pleuronectes <?/imanda</i>. TheAmerican rough dab is <i>Hippoglossoides platessoides</i>.</def>

<h1>Dab</h1>
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<hw>Dab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Dabbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr.& vb.n.</tt> <er>Dabbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>dabben</ets> to strice; akin to OD. <ets>dabben</ets> to pinch, knead, fumble, dabble, and perh. to G. <ets>tappen</ets> to grope.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike or touch gently, as with a soft or moist substance; to tap; hence, to besmear with a dabber.</def>

<blockquote>A sore should . . . be wiped . . . only by <b>dabbing</b> it over with fine lint.
<i>S. Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strike by a thrust; to hit with a sudden blow or thrust.</def> "To <i>dab</i> him in the neck."

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Dab</h1>
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<hw>Dab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A gentle blow with the hand or some soft substance; a sudden blow or hit; a peck.</def>

<blockquote>Astratch of her clame, a <b>dab</b> of her beack.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small mass of anything soft or moist.</def>

<h1>Dabb</h1>
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<hw>Dabb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, spine-tailed lizard (<spn>Uromastix spinipes</spn>), found in Egypt, Arabia, and Palestine; -- called also <altname>dhobb</altname>, and <altname>dhabb</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dabber</h1>
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<hw>Dab"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That with which one dabs; hence, a pad or other device used by printers, engravers, etc., as for dabbing type or engraved plates with ink.</def>

<h1>Dabble</h1>
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<hw>Dab"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.&p.p</tt> <er>Dabbled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr.&vb.n.</tt> <er>Dabbling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>dab</ets>: cf. OD. <ets>dabbelen</ets>.]</ety> <def>To wet by little dips or strokes; to spatter; to sprinkle; to moisten; to wet.</def> "Bright hair <i>dabbled</i> in blood."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dable</h1>
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<hw>Dab"le</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To play in water, as with the hands; to paddle or splash in mud or water.</def>

<blockquote>Wher the duck <b>dabbles</b> <?/mid the rustling sedge.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To work in slight or superficial manner; to do in a small way; to tamper; to meddle.</def> "<i>Dabbling</i> here and there with the text."

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<blockquote>During the ferst year at Dumfries, Burns for the ferst time began to <b>dabble</b> in politics.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dabbler</h1>
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<hw>Dab"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who dabbles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who dips slightly into anything; a superficial meddler.</def> "our <i>dabblers</i> in politics."

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Dabblingly</h1>
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<hw>Dab"bling*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dabbling manner.</def>

<h1>Dabchick</h1>
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<hw>Dab"chick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>dabchick</ets>. See <er>Dap</er>, <er>Dip</er>, cf. <er>Dipchick</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small water bird (<spn>Podilymbus podiceps</spn>), allied to the grebes, remarkable for its quickness in diving; -- called also <altname>dapchick</altname>, <altname>dobchick</altname>, <altname>dipchick</altname>, <altname>didapper</altname>, <altname>dobber</altname>, <altname>devil-diver</altname>, <altname>hell-diver</altname>, and <altname>pied-billed grebe</altname>.</def>

<h1>Daboia</h1>
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<hw>Da*boi"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large and highly venomous Asiatic viper (<spn>Daboia xanthica</spn>).</def>

<h1>Dabster</h1>
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<hw>Dab"ster</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Dab</er> an expert.]</ety> <def>One who is skilled; a master of his business; a proficient; an adept.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<note>&hand; Sometimes improperly used for <i>dabbler</i>; as, "I am but a <i>dabster</i> with gentle art."</note>

<h1>Dacapo</h1>
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<hw>Da`ca"po</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[It., from [the] head or beginning.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>From the beginning; a direction to return to, and end with, the first strain; -- indicated by the letters <it>D. C.</it> Also, the strain so repeated.</def>

<h1>Dace</h1>
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<hw>Dace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>dare</ets>, <ets>dart</ets>, fr. F. <ets>dard</ets> dase, dart, of German origin. <ets>Dace</ets> is for an older <ets>darce</ets>, fr. an OF. nom. <ets>darz</ets>. See <er>Dart</er> a javelin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European cyprinoid fish (<spn>Squalius leuciscus</spn> or <spn>Leuciscus vulgaris</spn>); -- called also <altname>dare</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; In America the name is given to several related fishes of the genera <spn>Squalius</spn>, <spn>Minnilus</spn>, etc. The black-nosed dace is <spn>Rhinichthys atronasus</spn> the horned dace is <spn>Semotilus corporalis</spn>. For red dace, see <er>Redfin</er>.</note>

<h1>Dachshund</h1>
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<hw>Dachs"hund`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., from <ets>dachs</ets> badger + <ets>hund</ets> dog.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a breed of small dogs with short crooked legs, and long body; -- called also <altname>badger dog</altname>. There are two kinds, the rough-haired and the smooth-haired.</def>

<h1>Dacian</h1>
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<hw>Da"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Dacia or the Dacians.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A native of ancient Dacia.</def></def2>

<h1>Dacoity</h1>
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<hw>Da*coit"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice of gang robbery in India; robbery committed by dacoits.</def>

<h1>Dacotahs</h1>
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<hw>Da*co"tahs</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Dacotan</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Dacotas</er>.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Dactyl</h1>
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<hw>Dac"tyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dactylus</ets>, Gr. <?/ a finger, a dactyl. Cf. <er>Digit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A poetical foot of three sylables (\'f5 \'de \'de), one long followed by two short, or one accented followed by two unaccented; <as>as, L. <it>t\'89gm&icr;n&ecr;</it>, E. <it>mer"ciful</it>; -- so called from the similarity of its arrangement to that of the joints of a finger.</as></def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dactyle</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A finger or toe; a digit.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The claw or terminal joint of a leg of an insect or crustacean.</def>

<h1>Dactylar</h1>
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<hw>Dac"tyl*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to dactyl; dactylic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a finger or toe, or to the claw of an insect crustacean.</def>

<h1>Dactylet</h1>
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<hw>Dac"tyl*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dactyl</ets> + <ets><?/et</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dactyl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dactylic</h1>
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<hw>Dac*tyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dactylicus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, consisting chiefly or wholly of, dactyls; <as>as, <ex>dactylic</ex> verses</as>.</def>

<h1>Dactylic</h1>
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<hw>Dac*tyl"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A line consisting chiefly or wholly of dactyls; <as>as, these lines are <ex>dactylics</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Dactylic meters.</def>

<h1>Dac-tylioglyph</h1>
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<hw>Dac-tyl"i*o*glyph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> an engraver of gems; <ets><?/</ets> finger ring (fr. <ets><?/</ets> finger) + <ets><?/</ets> to engrave.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An engraver of gems for rings and other ornaments.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The inscription of the engraver's name on a finger ring or gem.</def>

<h1>Dactylioglyphi</h1>
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<hw>Dac*tyl`i*og"ly*phi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or process of gem engraving.</def>

<h1>Dactyliography</h1>
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<hw>Dac*tyl`i*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> finger ring + <ets><?/graphy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The art of writing or engraving upon gems.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In general, the literature or history of the art.</def>

<h1>Dactyli ology</h1>
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<hw>Dac*tyl`i* ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> finger ring + <ets><?/logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That branch of arch\'91ology which has to do with gem engraving.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That branch of arch\'91ology which has to do with finger rings.</def>

<h1>Dactyliomancy</h1>
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<hw>Dac*tyl"i*o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>dakty`lios</grk> + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of finger rings.</def>

<h1>Dactylist</h1>
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<hw>Dac"tyl*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of dactylic verse.</def>

<h1>Dactylitis</h1>
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<hw>Dac`tyl*i"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> finger + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inflammatory affection of the fingers.</def>

<i>Gross.</i>

<h1>Dactylitis</h1>
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<hw>Dac`tyl*i"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> finger + -logy.]</ety> <def>The art of communicating ideas by certai movement and positions of the fingers; -- a method of conversing practiced by the deaf and dumb.</def>

<note>&hand; There are two different manual alphabets, the <i>onehand</i> alphabet (which was perfected by Abb\'82 de l'Ep\'82e, who died in 1789), and the <i>two<?/hand</i> alphabet. The latter was probably based on the manual alphabet published by George Dalgarus of Aberdeen, in 1680. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</note>

<h1>Dactylomancy</h1>
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<hw>Dac*tyl"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dactylio mancy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Am. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Dactylonomy</h1>
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<hw>Dac`tyl*on"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> finger + <ets><?/</ets> law, distribution.]</ety> <def>The art of numbering or counting by the fingers.</def>

<h1>Dactylopterous</h1>
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<hw>Dac`tyl*op"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> finger + <ets><?/</ets> wing, fin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the inferior rays of the pectoral fins partially or entirely free, as in the gurnards.</def>

<h1>Dactylotheca</h1>
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<hw>Dac`ty*lo*the"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> finger, toe + <ets><?/</ets> case, box.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The scaly covering of the toes, as in birds.</def>

<h1>Dactylozooid</h1>
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<hw>Dac`tyl*o*zo"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> finger + E. <ets>zooid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of zooid of Siphonophora which has an elongated or even vermiform body, with one tentacle, but no mouth. See <er>Siphonophora</er>.</def>

<h1>Dad</h1>
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<hw>Dad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. <ets>daid</ets>, Gael. <ets>daidein</ets>, W. <ets>tad</ets>, OL. <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, Skr. <ets>t\'beta</ets>.]</ety> <def>Father; -- a word sometimes used by children.</def>

<blockquote>I was never so bethumped withwords,
Since I first called my brother's father <b>dad</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dadle</h1>
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<hw>Dad"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Daddled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Daddling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. freq. of <ets>dade</ets>.]</ety> <def>To toddle; to walk unsteadily, like a child or an old man; hence, to do anything slowly or feebly.</def>

<h1>Daddock</h1>
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<hw>Dad"dock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E. <ets>dad</ets> a large piece.]</ety> <def>The rotten body of a tree.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Daddy</h1>
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<hw>Dad"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Diminutive of <er>Dad</er>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Daddy longlegs</h1>
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<hw>Dad"dy long"legs`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An arachnidan of the genus <spn>Phalangium</spn>, and allied genera, having a small body and four pairs of long legs; -- called also <altname>harvestman</altname>, <altname>carter</altname>, and <altname>grandfather longlegs</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name applied to many species of dipterous insects of the genus <spn>Tipula</spn>, and allied genera, with slender bodies, and very long, slender legs; the crane fly; -- called also <altname>father longlegs</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dade</h1>
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<hw>Dade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Of. uncertain origin. Cf. <er>Dandle</er>, <er>Daddle</er>.]</ety> <def>To hold up by leading strings or by the hand, as a child while he toddles.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Little children when they learn to go
By painful mothers <b>daded</b> to and fro.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dade</h1>
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<hw>Dade</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To walk unsteadily, as a child in leading strings, or just learning to walk; to move slowly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>No sooner taught to <b>dade</b>, but from their mother trip.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dado</h1>
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<hw>Da"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dadoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It. <ets>dado</ets> die, cube, pedestal; of the same origin as E. <ets>die</ets>, <ets>n.</ets> See <er>Die</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of a pedestal included between the base and the cornice (or surbase); the die. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Column</er></def>. Hence: <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In any wall, that part of the basement included between the base and the base course.  See <cref>Base course</cref>, under <er>Base</er>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>In interior decoration, the lower part of the wall of an apartment when adorned with moldings, or otherwise specially decorated.</def>

<h1>D\'91dal, D\'91dalian</h1>
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<hw><hw>D\'91"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>D\'91*dal"ian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>daedalus</ets> cunningly wrought, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; cf. <ets><?/</ets> to work cunningly. The word also alludes to the mythical D\'91dalus (Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, lit., the cunning worker).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cunningly or ingeniously formed or working; skillful; artistic; ingenious.</def>

<blockquote>Our bodies decked in our <b>d\'91dalian</b> arms.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>d\'91dal</b> hand of Nature.
<i>J. Philips.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The doth the <b>d\'91dal</b> earth throw forth to thee,
Out of her fruitful, abundant flowers.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Crafty; deceitful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>D\'91dalous</h1>
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<hw>D\'91d"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a variously cut or incised margin; -- said of leaves.</def>

<mhw><h1>D\'91mon, n., D\'91monic</h1>
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<hw>D\'91"mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>D\'91*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></mhw> <def>See <er>Demon</er>, <er>Demonic</er>.</def>

<h1>Daff</h1>
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<hw>Daff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Doff</er>.]</ety> <def>To cast aside; to put off; to doff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Canst thou so <b>daff</b> me? Thou hast killed my child.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Daff</h1>
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<hw>Daff</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Daft</er>.]</ety> <def>A stupid, blockish fellow; a numskull.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Daff</h1>
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<hw>Daff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act foolishly; to be foolish or sportive; to toy.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Daff</h1>
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<hw>Daff</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To daunt.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Grose.</i>

<h1>Daffodil</h1>
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<hw>Daf"fo*dil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>affodylle</ets>, prop., the asphodel, fr. LL. <ets>affodillus</ets> (cf. D. <ets>affodille</ets> or OF. <ets>asphodile</ets>, <ets>aphodille</ets>, F. <ets>asphod\'8ale</ets>), L. <ets>asphodelus</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. The initial <ets>d</ets> in English is not satisfactorily explained. See <er>Asphodel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Asphodelus</spn>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Narcissus</spn> (<spn>N. Pseudo-narcissus</spn>). It has a bulbous root and beautiful flowers, usually of a yellow hue. Called also <altname>daffodilly</altname>, <altname>daffadilly</altname>, <altname>daffadowndilly</altname>, <altname>daffydowndilly</altname>, etc.</def>

<blockquote>With damasc roses and <b>daffadowndillies</b> set.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Strow me the ground with <b>daffadowndillies</b>,
And cowslips, and kingcups, and loved lilies.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A college gown
That clad her like an April <b>Daffodilly</b>.
<i>Tennyson</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And chance-sown <b>daffodil</b>.
<i>Whittier.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Daft</h1>
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<hw>Daft</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>daft</ets>, <ets>deft</ets>, <ets>deft</ets>, stupid; prob. the same word as E. <ets>deft</ets>. See <er>Deft</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Stupid; folish; idiotic; also, delirious; insance; <as>as, he has gone <ex>daft</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Let us think no more of this <b>daft</b> business
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gay; playful; frolicsome.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Daftness</h1>
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<hw>Daft"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being daft.</def>

<h1>Dag</h1>
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<hw>Dag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dague</ets>, LL. <ets>daga</ets>, D. <ets>dagge</ets> (fr. French); all prob. fr. Celtic; Cf. Gael. <ets>dag</ets> a pistol, Armor. <ets>dag</ets> dagger, W. <ets>dager</ets>, <ets>dagr</ets>, Ir. <ets>daigear</ets>. Cf. <er>Dagger</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A dagger; a poniard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A large pistol formerly used.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Spaniards discharged their <b>dags</b>, and hurt some.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A sort of pistol, called <b>dag</b>, was used about the same time as hand guns and harquebuts.
<i>Grose.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The unbrunched antler of a young deer.</def>

<h1>Dag</h1>
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<hw>Dag</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. <ets>dagg</ets>, Icel. <ets>d\'94gg</ets>. &root;71. See <er>Dew</er>.]</ety> <def>A misty shower; dew.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dag</h1>
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<hw>Dag</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dagge</ets> (cf. <er>Dagger</er>); or cf. AS. <ets>d\'beg</ets> what is dangling.]</ety> <def>A loose end; a dangling shred.</def>

<blockquote>Daglocks, clotted locks hanging in <b>dags</b> or jags at a sheep's tail.
<i>Wedgwood.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dag</h1>
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<hw>Dag</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[1, from <er>Dag</er> dew. 2, from <er>Dag</er> a loose end.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To daggle or bemire.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cut into jags or points; to slash; <as>as, to <ex>dag</ex> a garment</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Dag</h1>
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<hw>Dag</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be misty; to drizzle.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Dagger</h1>
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<hw>Dag"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>daggen</ets> to pierce, F. <ets>daguer</ets>. See <er>Dag</er> a dagger.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A short weapon used for stabbing. This is the general term: cf. <er>Poniard</er>, <er>Stiletto</er>, <er>Bowie knife</er>, <er>Dirk</er>, <er>Misericorde</er>, <er>Anlace</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A mark of reference in the form of a dagger [&dagger;]. It is the second in order when more than one reference occurs on a page; -- called also <altname>obelisk</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Dagger moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any moth of the genus <spn>Apatalea</spn>. The larv\'91 are often destructive to the foliage of fruit trees, etc.</cd> -- <col>Dagger of lath</col>, <cd>the wooden weapon given to the Vice in the old Moralities.</cd>  <i>Shak.</i> -- <col>Double dagger</col>, <cd>a mark of reference [&ddagger;] which comes next in order after the dagger.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To look, &or; speak</col>, <col>daggers</col></mcol>, <cd>to look or speak fiercely or reproachfully.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dagger</h1>
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<hw>Dag"ger</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pierce with a dagger; to stab.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dagger</h1>
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<hw>Dag"ger</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. from <ets>diagonal</ets>.]</ety> <def>A timber placed diagonally in a ship's frame.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Dagges</h1>
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<hw>Dagges</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. See <er>Dag</er> a loose end.]</ety> <def>An ornamental cutting of the edges of garments, introduced about <sc>a. d.</sc> 1346, according to the Chronicles of St Albans.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Daggle</h1>
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<hw>Dag"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Daggled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Daggling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>dag</ets>, v. t., 1.]</ety> <def>To trail, so as to wet or befoul; to make wet and limp; to moisten.</def>

<blockquote>The warrior's very plume, I say,
Was <b>daggled</b> by the dashing spray.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Daggle</h1>
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<hw>Dag"gle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To run, go, or trail one's self through water, mud, or slush; to draggle.</def>

<blockquote>Nor, like a puppy [have I] <b>daggled</b> through the town.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Daggle-tail, Daggle-tailed</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dag"gle-tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dag"gle-tailed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the lower ends of garments defiled by trailing in mire or filth; draggle-tailed.</def>

<h1>Daggle-tail</h1>
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<hw>Dag"gle-tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A slovenly woman; a slattern; a draggle-tail.</def>

<h1>Daglock</h1>
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<hw>Dag"lock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dag</ets> a loose and + <ets>lock</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dirty or clotted lock of wool on a sheep; a taglock.</def>

<h1>Dago</h1>
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<hw>Da"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dagos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>Diego</ets>, E. James.]</ety> <def>A nickname given to a person of Spanish (or, by extension, Portuguese or Italian) descent.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Dagoba</h1>
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<hw>Da*go"ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Singhalese <ets>d\'begoba</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dome-shaped structure built over relics of Buddha or some Buddhist saint.</def> <mark>[East Indies]</mark>

<h1>Dagon</h1>
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<hw>Da"gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[Heb. <ets>D\'begon</ets>, fr. <ets>dag</ets> a fish: cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>The national god of the Philistines, represented with the face and hands and upper part of a man, and the tail of a fish.</def>

<i>W. Smith.</i>

<blockquote>This day a solemn feast the people hold
To <b>Dagon</b>, their sea idol.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They brought it into the house of <b>Dagon</b>.
<i>1 Sam. v. 2.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dagon</h1>
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<hw>Dag"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dag</er> a loose end.]</ety> <def>A slip or piece.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dagswain</h1>
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<hw>Dag"swain`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Dag</er> a loose end?]</ety> <def>Acoarse woolen fabric made of daglocks, or the refuse of wool.</def> "Under coverlets made of <i>dagswain</i>."

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Dag-tailed</h1>
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<hw>Dag"-tailed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dag</ets> a loose end + <ets>tail</ets>.]</ety> <def>Daggle-tailed; having the tail clogged with daglocks.</def> "<i>Dag-tailed</i> sheep."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Daguerrean, Daguerreian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Da*guer"re*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Da*guerre"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Daguerre, or to his invention of the daguerreotype.</def>

<h1>Daguerreotype</h1>
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<hw>Da*guerre"o*type</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Daguerre</ets> the inventor + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An early variety of photograph, produced on a silver plate, or copper plate covered with silver, and rendered sensitive by the action of iodine, or iodine and bromine, on which, after exposure in the camera, the latent image is developed by the vapor of mercury.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The process of taking such pictures.</def>

<h1>Daguerreotype</h1>
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<hw>Da*guerre"o*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Daguerreotyped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Daguerreotyping</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To produce or represent by the daguerreotype process, as a picture.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To impress with great distinctness; to imprint; to imitate exactly.</def>

<h1>Daguerreotyper, Daguerreotypist</h1>
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<hw><hw>Da*guerre"o*ty`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Da*guerre"o*ty`pist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who takes daguerreotypes.</def>

<h1>Daguerreotypy</h1>
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<hw>Da*guerre"o*ty`py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or process of producing pictures by method of Daguerre.</def>

<h1>Dahabeah</h1>
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<hw>Da`ha*be"ah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar.]</ety> <def>A nile boat <?/tructed on the model of a floating house, having large <?/ sails.</def>

<h1>Dahlia</h1>
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<hw>Dah"lia</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dahlias</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Named after Andrew <ets>Dahl</ets> a Swedish botanist.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants native to Mexico and Central America, of the order Composit\'91; also, any plant or flower of the genus. The numerous varieties of cultivated dahlias bear conspicuous flowers which differ in color.</def>

<h1>Dahlin</h1>
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<hw>Dah"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Dahlia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A variety of starch extracted from the dahlia; -- called also <altname>inulin</altname>. See <er>Inulin</er>.</def>

<h1>Dailiness</h1>
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<hw>Dai"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Daily occurence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Daily</h1>
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<hw>Dai"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>d\'91gl\'c6c</ets>; <ets>d\'91g</ets> day + <ets>-l\'c6c</ets> like. See <er>Day</er>.]</ety> <def>Happening, or belonging to, each successive day; diurnal; <as>as, <ex>daily</ex> labor; a <ex>daily</ex> bulletin.</as></def>

<blockquote>Give us this day our <b>daily</b> bread.
<i>Matt. vi. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Bunyan has told us . . . that in New England his dream was the <b>daily</b> subject of the conversation of thousands.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Daily</er>, <er>Diurnal</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Daily</i> is Anglo-Saxon, and <i>diurnal</i> is Latin. The former is used in reference to the ordinary concerns of life; as, <i>daily</i> wants, <i>daily</i> cares, <i>daily</i> employments. The latter is appropriated chiefly by astronomers to what belongs to the astronomical day; as, the <i>diurnal</i> revolution of the earth.</usage>

<blockquote>Man hath his <b>daily</b> work of body or mind
Appointed, which declares his dignity,
And the regard of Heaven on all his ways.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Half yet remains unsung, but narrower bound
Within the visible <b>diurnal</b> sphere.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Daily</h1>
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<hw>Dai"ly</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dailies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A publication which appears regularly every day; <as>as, the morning <ex>dailies</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Daily</h1>
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<hw>Dai"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Every day; day by day; <as>as, a thing happens <ex>daily</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Daimio</h1>
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<hw>Dai"mi*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Daimios</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Jap., fr. Chin. <ets>tai ming</ets> great name.]</ety> <def>The title of the feudal nobles of Japan.</def><-- usu. written <asp>daimyo</asp> -->

<blockquote>The <b>daimios</b>, or territorial nobles, resided in Yedo and were divided into four classes.
<i>Am. Cyc.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Daint</h1>
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<hw>Daint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dainty</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Something of exquisite taste; a dainty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def> Dainty.</def></def2> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To cherish him with diets <b>daint</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Daintify</h1>
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<hw>Dain"ti*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Daintified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Daintifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Dainty</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To render dainty, delicate, or fastidious.</def> "<i>Daintified</i> emotion."

<i>Sat. rev.</i>

<h1>Daintily</h1>
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<hw>Dain"ti*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dainty manner; nicely; scrupulously; fastidiously; deliciously; prettily.</def>

<h1>Daintiness</h1>
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<hw>Dain"ti*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being dainty; nicety; niceness; elegance; delicacy; deliciousness; fastidiousness; squeamishness.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>daintiness</b> and niceness of our captains
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>More notorious for the <b>daintiness</b> of the provision . . . than for the massiveness of the dish.
<i>Hakewill.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The duke exeeded in the <b>daintiness</b> of his leg and foot, and the earl in the fine shape of his hands,
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Daintrel</h1>
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<hw>Dain"trel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>daint</ets> or <ets>dainty</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>daintier</ets>.]</ety> <def>Adelicacy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Dainty</h1>
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<hw>Dain"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dainties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>deinie</ets>, <ets>dainte</ets>, <ets>deintie</ets>, <ets>deyntee</ets>, OF. <ets>deinti\'82</ets> delicacy, orig., dignity, honor, fr. L. <ets>dignitas</ets>, fr. <ets>dignus</ets> worthy. See <er>Deign</er>, and cf. <er>Dignity</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Value; estimation; the gratification or pleasure taken in anything.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I ne told no <b>deyntee</b> of her love.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is delicious or delicate; a delicacy.</def>

<blockquote>That precious nectar may the taste renew
Of Eden's <b>dainties</b>, by our parents lost.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A term of fondness.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Dainty</er>, <er>Delicacy</er>.</syn> <usage> These words are here compared as denoting articles of food. The term <i>delicacy</i> as applied to a nice article of any kind, and hence to articles of food which are particularly attractive. <i>Dainty</i> is stronger, and denotes some exquisite article of cookery. A hotel may be provided with all the <i>delicacies</i> of the season, and its table richly covered with <i>dainties</i>.</usage>

<blockquote>These <b>delicacies</b>
I mean of taste, sight, smell, herbs, fruits, and flowers,
Walks and the melody of birds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[A table] furnished plenteously with bread,
And <b>dainties</b>, remnants of the last regale.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dainty</h1>
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<hw>Dain"ty</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Daintier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Daintiest</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rare; valuable; costly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Full many a <b>deynt\'82</b> horse had he in stable.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Hence the proverb "<i>dainty maketh dearth</i>," <i>i</i>. <i>e</i>., rarity makes a thing dear or precious.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Delicious to the palate; toothsome.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dainty</b> bits
Make rich the ribs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Nice; delicate;elegant, in form, manner, or breeding; well-formed; neat; tender.</def>

<blockquote>Those <b>dainty</b> limbs which nature lent
For gentle usage and soft delicacy.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Iwould be the girdle.
About her <b>dainty</b>, <b>dainty</b> waist.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Requirinig daintles. Hence; Overnice; hard to please; fastidious; sqrupulous; ceremonious.</def>

<blockquote>Thew were a fine and <b>Dainty</b> people.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And let us not be <b>dainty</b> of leave taking,
But shift away.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To make dainty</col>, <cd>to assume or affect delicacy or fastidiousness. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote>Ah ha, my mistresses! which of you all
Will now deny to dance? She that <b>makes dainty</b>,
She, I'll swear, hath corns.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dairy</h1>
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<hw>Dai"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>;<plu>pl. <plw>Dairies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>deierie</ets>, from <ets>deie</ets>, <ets>daie</ets>, maid; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. <ets>deigja</ets> maid, dairymaid, Sw. <ets>deja</ets>, orig., a baking maid, fr. Icel. <ets>deig</ets>. <?/66. See <er>Dough</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The place, room, or house where milk is kept, and converted into butter or cheese.</def>

<blockquote>What stores my <b>dairies</b> and my folds contain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That department of farming which is concerned in the production of milk, and its conversion into butter and cheese.</def>

<blockquote>Grounds were turned much in England either to feeding or <b>dairy</b>; and this advanced the trade of English butter.
<i>Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A dairy farm.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<note>&hand; <i>Dairy</i> is much used adjectively or in combination; as, <i>dairy</i> farm, <i>dairy</i> countries, <i>dairy</i> house or <i>dairy</i>house, <i>dairy</i>room, <i>dairy</i>work, etc.</note>

<h1>Dairying</h1>
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<hw>Dai"ry*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The business of conducting a dairy.</def>

<h1>Dairymaid</h1>
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<hw>Dai"ry*maid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female servant whose business is the care of the dairy.</def>

<h1>Dairyman</h1>
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<hw>Dai"ry*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dairymen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man who keeps or takes care of a dairy.</def>

<h1>Dairywoman</h1>
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<hw>Dai"ry*wom`an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dairywomen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A woman who attends to a dairy.</def>

<h1>Dais</h1>
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<hw>Da"is</hw> <tt>(d&amac;"&icr;s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>deis</ets>, <ets>des</ets>, table, dais, OF. <ets>deis</ets> table, F. <ets>dais</ets> a canopy, L. <ets>discus</ets> a quoit, a dish (from the shape), LL., table, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a quoit, a dish. See <er>Dish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The high or principal table, at the end of a hall, at which the chief guests were seated; also, the chief seat at the high table.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A platform slightly raised above the floor of a hall or large room, giving distinction to the table and seats placed upon it for the chief guests.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A canopy over the seat of a person of dignity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shiply.</i>

<h1>Daisied</h1>
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<hw>Dai"sied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of daisies; adorned with daisies.</def> "The <i>daisied</i> green."

<i>Langhorne.</i>

<blockquote>The grass all deep and <b>daisied</b>.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Daisy</h1>
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<hw>Dai"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Daisies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>dayesye</ets>, AS. <ets>d\'91ges<?/eage</ets> day's eye, daisy. See <er>Day</er>, and <er>Eye</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genus of low herbs (<spn>Bellis</spn>), belonging to the family Composit\'91. The common English and classical <ex>daisy</ex> is <spn>B. prennis</spn>, which has a yellow disk and white or pinkish rays.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The whiteweed (<spn>Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum</spn>), the plant commonly called <altname>daisy</altname> in North America; -- called also <altname>oxeye daisy</altname>. See <er>Whiteweed</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The word <i>daisy</i> is also used for composite plants of other genera, as <spn>Erigeron</spn>, or fleabane.</note>

<cs><col>Michaelmas daisy</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any plant of the genus Aster, of which there are many species.</cd> -- <col>Oxeye daisy</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the whiteweed. See <er>Daisy</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dak</h1>
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<hw>Dak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets><?/\'bek</ets>.]</ety> <def>Post; mail; also, the mail or postal arrangements; -- spelt also <i>dawk</i>, and <i>dauk</i>.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<cs><col>Dak boat</col>, <cd>a mail boat. <i>Percy Smith</i>.</cd> -- <col>Dak bungalow</col>, <cd>a traveler's rest-house at the and of a dak stage.</cd> -- <col>To travel by dak</col>, <cd>to travel by relays of palanquines or other carriage, as fast as the post along a road.</cd></cs>

<h1>Daker, Dakir</h1>
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<hw><hw>Da"ker</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Da"kir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dicker</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. & Scots Law)</fld> <def>A measure of certain commodities by number, usually ten or twelve, but sometimes twenty; <as>as, a <ex>daker</ex> of hides consisted of ten skins; a <ex>daker</ex> of gloves of ten pairs.</as></def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Daker hen</h1>
<Xpage=364>

<hw>Da"ker hen`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[<ets>Perh</ets>. <ets>fr</ets>. <ets>W</ets>. <ets>crecial</ets> the daker hen; <ets>crec</ets> a sharp noise (<ets>creg</ets> harsh, hoarse, <ets>crechian</ets> to scream) + <ets>iar</ets> hen; or cf. D. <ets>duiken</ets> to dive, plunge.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The corncrake or land rail.</def>

<mhw><h1>Dakoit, n., Dakoity</h1>
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<hw>Da*koit"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Da*koit"y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt></mhw> <def>See <er>Dacoit</er>, <er>Dacoity</er>.</def>

<h1>Dakota group</h1>
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<hw>Da*ko"ta group`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A subdivision at the base of the cretaceous formation in Western North America; -- so named from the region where the strata were first studied.</def>

<h1>Dakotas</h1>
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<hw>Da*ko"tas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl</tt>.; <sing>sing. <singw>Dacota</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>An extensive race or stock of Indians, including many tribes, mostly dwelling west of the Mississippi River; -- also, in part, called <altname>Sioux</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Dacotahs</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Dal</h1>
<Xpage=364>

<hw>Dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind.]</ety> <def>Split pulse, esp. of <spn>Cajanus Indicus</spn>.</def> <mark>[East Indies]</mark>

<h1>Dale</h1>
<Xpage=364>

<hw>Dale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>d\'91l</ets>; akin to LG., D., Sw., Dan., OS., & Goth. <ets>dal</ets>, Icel. <ets>dalr</ets>, OHG. <ets>tal</ets>, G. <ets>thal</ets>, and perth. to Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a rotunda, Skr. <ets>dh\'bera</ets> depth. Cf. <er>Dell</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A low place between hills; a vle or valley.</def>

<blockquote>Where mountaines rise, umbrageous <b>dales</b> descend.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A trough or spout to carry off water, as from a pump.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Dalesman</h1>
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<hw>Dales"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dalesmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One living in a dale; -- a term applied particularly to the inhabitants of the valleys in the north of England, Norway, etc.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Dalf</h1>
<Xpage=364>

<hw>Dalf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Delve</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dalliance</h1>
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<hw>Dal"li*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Dally</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of dallying, trifling, or fondling; interchange of caresses; wanton play.</def>

<blockquote>Look thou be true, do not give <b>dalliance</b>
<b>Too mnch the rein</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O, the <b>dalliance</b> and the wit,
The flattery and the strife<?/
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Delay or procrastination.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Entertaining discourse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dailer</h1>
<Xpage=364>

<hw>Dai"l*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One Who fondles; a trifler; <as>as, <ex>dalliers</ex> with pleasant words</as>.</def>

<i>Asham.</i>

<h1>Dallop</h1>
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<hw>Dal"lop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. unknown.]</ety> <def>A tuft or clump.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Dally</h1>
<Xpage=364>

<hw>Dal"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dallied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dallying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets><?/alien</ets>, <ets>dailien</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>pylja</ets> to talk, G. <ets>dallen</ets>, <ets>dalen</ets>, <ets>dahlen</ets>, to trifle, talk nonsense, OSw. <ets>tule</ets> a droll or funny man; or AS. <ets>dol</ets> foolish, E. <ets>dull</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To waste time in effeminate or voluptuous pleasures, or in idleness; to fool away time; to delay unnecessarily; to tarry; to trifle.</def>

<blockquote>We have trifled too long already; it is madness to <b>dally</b> any longer.
<i>Calamy.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We have put off God, and <b>dallied</b> with his grace.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>To interchange caresses, especially with one of the opposite sex; to use fondling; to wanton; to sport.</def>

<blockquote>Not <b>dallying</b> with a brace of courtesans.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our aerie . . . <b>dallies</b> with the wind.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dally</h1>
<Xpage=364>

<hw>Dal"ly</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To delay unnecessarily; to while away.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dallying</b> off the time with often skirmishes.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dalmania</h1>
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<hw>Dal*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Dalman</ets>, the geologist.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of trilobites, of many species, common in the Upper Silurian and Devonian rocks.</def>

<h1>Dalmanites</h1>
<Xpage=364>

<hw>Dal`ma*ni"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Dalmania</er>.</def>

<h1>Dalmatian</h1>
<Xpage=364>

<hw>Dal*ma"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Dalmatia.</def>

<cs><col>Dalmatian dog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a carriage dog, shaped like a pointer, and having black or bluish spots on a white ground; the coach dog.</cd></cs>

<mhw><h1>Dalmatica, n., Dalmatic</h1>
<Xpage=364>

<hw>Dal*mat"i*ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Dal*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></mhw> <ety>[LL. <ets>dalmatica</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dalmatique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A vestment with wide sleeves, and with two stripes, worn at Mass by deacons, and by bishops at pontifical Mass; -- imitated from a dress originally worn in Dalmatia.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A robe worn on state ocasions, as by English kings at their coronation.</def>

<h1>Dal segno</h1>
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<hw>Dal` se"gno</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[It., from the sign.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A direction to go back to the sign <?/ and repeat from thence to the close. See <er>Segno</er>.</def>

<h1>Daltonian</h1>
<Xpage=364>

<hw>Dal*to"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One afflicted with color blindness.</def>

<h1>Daltonism</h1>
<Xpage=364>

<hw>Dal"ton*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inability to perceive or distinguish certain colors, esp. red; color blindness. It has various forms and degrees. So called from the chemist <i>Dalton</i>, who had this infirmity.</def>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<h1>Dam</h1>
<Xpage=364>

<hw>Dam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dame</ets> mistress, lady; also, mother, dam. See <er>Dame</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A female parent; -- used of beasts, especially of quadrupeds; sometimes applied in contempt to a human mother.</def>

<blockquote>Our <b>sire</b> and <b>dam</b>, now confined to horses, are a relic of this age (13th century) . . . .<b>Dame</b> is used of a hen; we now make a great difference between <b>dame</b> and <b>dam</b>.
<i>T. L. K. Oliphant.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>dam</b> runs lowing up end down,
Looking the way her harmless young one went.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind or crowned piece in the game of draughts.</def>

<h1>Dam</h1>
<Xpage=364>

<hw>Dam</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to OLG., D., & Dan. <ets>dam</ets>, G. & Sw. <ets>damm</ets>, Icel. <ets>dammr</ets>, and AS. <ets>fordemman</ets> to stop up, Goth. <ets>Fa\'a3rdammjan</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A barrier to prevent the flow of a liquid; esp., a bank of earth, or wall of any kind, as of masonry or wood, built across a water course, to confine and keep back flowing water.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A firebrick wall, or a stone, which forms the front of the hearth of a blast furnace.</def>

<cs><col>Dam plate</col> <fld>(Blast Furnace)</fld>, <cd>an iron plate in front of the dam, to strengthen it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dam</h1>
<Xpage=364>

<hw>Dam</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dammed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Damming</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To obstruct or restrain the flow of, by a dam; to confine by constructing a dam, as a stream of water; -- generally used with <i>in</i> or <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote>I'll have the current in this place <b>dammed</b> up.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A weight of earth that <b>dams</b> in the water.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To shut up; to stop up; to close; to restrain.</def>

<blockquote>The strait pass was <b>dammed</b>
With dead men hurt behind, and cowards.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To dam out</col>, <cd>to keep out by means of a dam.</cd></cs>

<h1>Damage</h1>
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<hw>Dam"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>damage</ets>, <ets>domage</ets>, F. <ets>dommage</ets>, fr. assumed LL. <ets>damnaticum</ets>, from L. <ets>damnum</ets> damage. See <er>Damn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Injury or harm to person, property, or reputation; an inflicted loss of value; detriment; hurt; mischief.</def>

<blockquote>He that sendeth a message by the hand of a fool cutteth off the feet and drinketh <b>damage</b>.
<i>Prov. xxvi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Great errors and absurdities many commit for want of a friend to tell them of them, to the great <b>damage</b> both of their fame and fortune.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The estimated reparation in money for detriment or injury sustained; a compensation, recompense, or satisfaction to one party, for a wrong or injury actually done to him by another.</def>

<note>&hand; In common-law action, the jury are the proper judges of damages.</note>

<cs><col>Consequential damage</col>. <cd>See under <er>Consequential</er>.</cd> -- <col>Exemplary damages</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>damages imposed by way of example to others.</cd> -- <col>Nominal damages</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>those given for a violation of a right where no actual loss has accrued.</cd> -- <col>Vindictive damages</col>, <cd>those given specially for the punishment of the wrongdoer.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Mischief; injury; harm; hurt; detriment; evil; ill. See <er>Mischief</er>.</syn>

<h1>Damage</h1>
<Xpage=364>

<hw>Dam"age</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Damages</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Damaging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>damagier</ets>, <ets>domagier</ets>. See <er>Damage</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To ocassion damage to the soudness, goodness, or value of; to hurt; to injure; to impair.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . came up to the English admiral and gave him a broadside, with which he killed many of his men and <b>damaged</b> the ship.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Damage</h1>
<Xpage=364>

<hw>Dam"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To receive damage or harm; to be injured or impaired in soudness or value; as. some colors in <?/oth <i>damage</i> in sunlight.</def>

<h1>Damageable</h1>
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<hw>Dam"age*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>dammageable</ets>, for sense 2.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being injured or impaired; liable to, or susceptible of, damage; <as>as, a <ex>damageable</ex> cargo</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hurtful; pernicious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>That it be not <b>demageable</b> unto your royal majesty.
<i>Hakluit.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Damage feasant</h1>
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<hw>Dam"age fea`sant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[OF. <ets>damage</ets> + F. <ets>faisant</ets> doing, p. pr. See <er>Feasible</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Doing injury; trespassing, as cattle.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Daman</h1>
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<hw>Da"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small herbivorous mammal of the genus <spn>Hyrax</spn>. The species found in Palestine and Syria is <spn>Hyrax Syriacus</spn>; that of Northern Africa is <spn>H. Brucei</spn>; -- called also <altname>ashkoko</altname>, <altname>dassy</altname>, and <altname>rock rabbit</altname>. See <er>Cony</er>, and <er>Hyrax</er>.</def>

<h1>Damar</h1>
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<hw>Dam"ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Dammar</er>.</def>

<h1>Damascene</h1>
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<hw>Dam"as*cene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Damascenus</ets> of Damascus, fr. <ets>Damascus</ets> the city, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. See <er>Damask</er>, and cf. <er>Damaskeen</er>, <er>Damaskin</er>, <er>Damson</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to Damascus.</def>

<h1>Damascene</h1>
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<hw>Dam"as*cene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of plume, now called <altname>damson</altname>. See <er>Damson</er>.</def>

<h1>Damascene</h1>
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<hw>Dam"as*cene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Damask</er>, or <er>Damaskeen</er>, <tt>v. t. </tt></def> "<i>Damascened</i> armor."  <i>Beaconsfield</i>. "Cast and <i>damascened</i> steel." <i>Ure</i>.

<h1>Damascus</h1>
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<hw>Da*mas"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A city of Syria.</def>

<cs><col>Damascus blade</col>, <cd>a sword or scimiter, made chiefly at Damascus, having a variegated appearance of watering, and proverbial for excellence.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Damascus iron</col>, &or; <col>Damascus twist</col></mcol>, <cd>metal formed of thin bars or wires of iron and steel elaborately twisted and welded together; used for making gun barrels, etc., of high quality, in which the surface, when polished and acted upon by acid, has a damasc appearance.</cd> -- <col>Damascus steel</col>. <cd>See <cref>Damask steel</cref>, under <er>Damask</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Damask</h1>
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<hw>Dam"ask</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the city <ets>Damascus</ets>, L. <ets>Damascus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, Heb. <ets>Dammesq</ets>, Ar. <ets>Daemeshq</ets>; cf. Heb. <ets>d'meseq</ets> damask; cf. It. <ets>damasco</ets>, Sp. <ets>damasco</ets>, F. <ets>damas</ets>. Cf. <er>Damascene</er>, <er>Damass\'90</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Damask silk; silk woven with an elaborate pattern of flowers and the like.</def> "A bed of ancient <i>damask</i>."

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Linen so woven that a pattern in produced by the different directions of the thread, without contrast of color.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A heavy woolen or worsted stuff with a pattern woven in the same way as the linen damask; -- made for furniture covering and hangings.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Damask or Damascus steel; also, the peculiar markings or "water" of such steel.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A deep pink or rose color.</def>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Damask</h1>
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<hw>Dam"ask</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or originating at, the city of Damascus; resembling the products or manufactures of Damascus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the color of the damask rose.</def>

<blockquote>But let concealment, like a worm i' the bud,
Feed on her <b>damask</b> cheek.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Damask color</col>, <cd>a deep rose-color like that of the damask rose.</cd> -- <col>Damask plum</col>, <cd>a small dark-colored plum, generally called <i>damson<i>.</cd> -- <col>Damask rose</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a large, pink, hardy, and very fragrant variety of rose (<spn>Rosa damascena</spn>) from Damascus. "<i>Damask roses<i> have not been known in England above one hundred years."</cd> <i>Bacon.</i> -- <mcol><col>Damask steel</col>, &or; <col>Damascus steel</col></mcol>, <cd>steel of the kind originally made at Damascus, famous for its hardness, and its beautiful texture, ornamented with waving lines; especially, that which is inlaid with damaskeening; -- formerly much valued for sword blades, from its great flexibility and tenacity.</cd></cs>

<h1>Damask</h1>
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<hw>Dam"ask</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Damasked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Damasking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To decorate in a way peculiar to Damascus or attributed to Damascus; particularly: <sd>(a)</sd> with flowers and rich designs, as silk; <sd>(b)</sd> with inlaid lines of gold, etc., or with a peculiar marking or "water," as metal. See <er>Damaskeen</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Mingled metal <b>damasked</b> o'er with gold.
<i>Dryde<?/.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>On the soft, downy bank, <b>damasked</b> with flowers.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Damaskeen, Damasken</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dam"as*keen`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dam"as*ken</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>damaschinare</ets>. See <er>Damascene</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>To decorate, as iron, steel, etc., with a peculiar marking or "water" produced in the process of manufacture, or with designs produced by inlaying or incrusting with another metal, as silver or gold, or by etching, etc., to damask.</def>

<blockquote><b>Damaskeening</b> is is partly mosaic work, partly engraving, and partly carving.
<i>Ure.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Damaskin</h1>
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<hw>Dam"as*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>damasquin</ets>, adj., It. <ets>damaschino</ets>, Sp. <ets>damasquino</ets>. See <er>Damaskeen</er>.]</ety> <def>A sword of Damask steel.</def>

<blockquote>No old Toledo blades or <b>damaskins</b>.
<i>Howell <?/.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Damass\'82</h1>
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<hw>Da*mas*s\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>damass\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>damas</ets>. See <er>Damask</er>.]</ety> <def>Woven like damask.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A damass\'82 fabric, esp. one of linen.</def></def2>

<h1>Damassin</h1>
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<hw>Dam"as*sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>damas</ets>. See <er>Damask</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of modified damask or blocade.</def>

<h1>Dam1bonite</h1>
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<hw>Dam1bo*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dambonite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline, sugary substance obtained from an African caotchouc.</def>

<h1>Dambose</h1>
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<hw>Dam"bose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline vari ety of fruit sugar obtained from dambonite.</def>

<h1>Dame</h1>
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<hw>Dame</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>dame</ets>, LL. <ets>domna</ets>, fr. L. <ets>domina</ets> mistress, lady, fem. of <ets>dominus</ets> master, ruler, lord; akin to <ets>domare</ets> to tame, subdue. See <er>Tame</er>, and cf. <er>Dam<?/</er> mother, <er>Dan</er>, <er>Danger</er>, <er>Dangeon</er>, Dungeon, <er>Dominie</er>, <er>Don</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Duenna</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mistress of a family, who is a lady; a womam in authority; especially, a lady.</def>

<blockquote>Then shall these lords do vex me half so much,
As that proud <b>dame</b>, the lord protector's wife.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The mistress of a family in common life, or the mistress of a common school; <as>as, a <ex>dame's</ex> school</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In the <b>dame's</b> classes at the village school.

<i>Emerson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A woman in general, esp. an elderly woman.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A mother; -- applied to human beings and quadrupeds.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Damewort</h1>
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<hw>Dame"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A cruciferrous plant (<spn>Hesperis matronalis</spn>), remarkable for its fragrance, especially toward the close of the day; -- called also <altname>rocket</altname> and <altname>dame's violet</altname>.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<h1>Damiana</h1>
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<hw>Da`mi*a"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A Mexican drug, used as an aphrodisiac.</def>

<note>&hand; There are several varieties derived from different plants, esp. from a species of <spn>Turnera</spn> and from <spn>Bigelovia veneta</spn>.

<i>Wood & Bache.</i>
</note>

<h1>Damianist</h1>
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<hw>Da"mi*an*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of Damian, patriarch of Alexandria in the 6th century, who held heretical opinions on the doctrine of the Holy Trinity.</def>

<h1>Dammar, Dammara</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dam"mar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dam"ma*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Jav. & Malay. <ets>damar</ets>.]</ety> <def>An oleoresin used in making varnishes; dammar gum; dammara resin. It is obtained from certain resin trees indigenous to the East Indies, esp. <spn>Shorea robusta</spn> and the dammar pine.</def>

<cs><col>Dammar pine</col>, <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree of the Moluccas (<spn>Agathis, &or; Dammara, orientalis</spn>), yielding dammar.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dammara</h1>
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<hw>Dam"ma*ra</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large tree of the order <spn>Conifer\'91</spn>, indigenous to the East Indies and Australasia; -- called also <altname>Agathis</altname>. There are several species.</def>

<h1>Damn</h1>
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<hw>Damn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Damned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Damning</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>damnen</ets> da<?/pnen (with excrescent <ets>p</ets>), OF. <ets>damner</ets>, <ets>dampner</ets>, F. <ets>damner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>damnare</ets>, <ets>damnatum</ets>, to condemn, fr. <ets>damnum</ets> damage, a fine, penalty. Cf. <er>Condemn</er>, <er>Damage</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To condemn; to declare guilty; to doom; to adjudge to punishment; to sentence; to censhure.</def>

<blockquote>He shall not live; look, with a spot I <b>damn</b> him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>To doom to punishment in the future world; to consign to perdition; to curse.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To condemn as bad or displeasing, by open expression, as by denuciation, hissing, hooting, etc.</def>

<blockquote>You are not so arrant a critic as to <b>damn</b> them [the works of modern poets] . . . without hearing.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Damn</b> with faint praise, assent with civil leer,
And without sneering teach the rest to sneer.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Damn</i> is sometimes used interjectionally, imperatively, and intensively.</note>

<h1>Damn</h1>
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<hw>Damn</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To invoke damnation; to curse. 'While I inwardly <i>damn</i>."

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Damnability</h1>
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<hw>Dam`na*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being damnable; damnableness.</def>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Damnable</h1>
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<hw>Dam"na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>damnabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>damnare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>damnable</ets>. See <er>Damn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Liable to damnation; deserving, or for which one deserves, to be damned; of a damning nature.</def>

<blockquote>A creature unprepared unmeet for dealth,
And to transport him in the mind hi is,
Were <b>damnable</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Odious; pernicious; detestable.</def>

<blockquote>Begin, murderer; . . . leave thy <b>damnable</b> faces.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Damnableness</h1>
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<hw>Dam"na*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of deserving damnation; execrableness.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>damnableness</b> of this most execrable impiety.
<i>Prynne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Damnably</h1>
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<hw>Dam"na*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a manner to incur sever<?/ censure, condemnation, or punishment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Odiously; detestably; excessively.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Damnation</h1>
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<hw>Dam*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>damnation</ets>, L. <ets>damnatio</ets>, fr. <ets>damnare</ets>. See <er>Damn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being damned; condemnation; openly expressed disapprobation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Condemnation to everlasting punishment in the future state, or the punishment itself.</def>

<blockquote>How can ye escape the <b>damnation</b> of hell?
<i>Matt. xxiii. 33.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wickedness is sin, and sin is <b>damnation</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sin daserving of everlasting punishment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The deep <b>damnation</b> of his taking-off.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dannatory</h1>
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<hw>Dan"na*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>damnatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>damnator</ets> a condemner.]</ety> <def>Doo<?/ing to damnation; condemnatory.</def> "<i>Damnatory</i> invectives."

<i>Hallam.</i>

<h1>Damned</h1>
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<hw>Damned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sentenced to punishment in a future state; condemned; consigned to perdition.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hateful; detestable; abominable.</def>

<blockquote>But, O, what <b>damned</b> minutes tells he o'er
Who doats, yet doubts, suspects, yet strongly loves.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Damnific</h1>
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<hw>Dam*nif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>damnificus</ets>; <ets>damnum</ets> damage, loss + <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Damn</er>.]</ety> <def>Procuring or causing loss; mischievous; injurious.</def>

<h1>Damnification</h1>
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<hw>Dam`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>damnificatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which causes damage or loss.</def>

<h1>Damnify</h1>
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<hw>Dam"ni*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>damnificare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>damnificus</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>damnefier</ets>. See <er>Damnific</er>.]</ety> <def>To cause loss or damage to; to injure; to imparir.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>This work will ask as many more officials to make expurgations and expunctions, that the commonwealth of learning be not <b>damnified</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Damning</h1>
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<hw>Damn"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That damns; damnable; <as>as, damning evidence of guilt</as>.</def>

<h1>Damningness</h1>
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<hw>Damn"ing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Tendency to bring damnation.</def> "The damningness of them [sins]."

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>damnum</h1>
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<hw>dam"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(law)</fld> <def>Harm; detriment, either to character or property.</def>

<hr>
<page="367">
Page 367<p>

<h1>Damosel, Damosella, Damoiselle</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dam"o*sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dam`o*sel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Da`moi`selle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Damsel</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Damourite</h1>
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<hw>Dam"our*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ater the French chemist <ets>Damour</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A kind of Muscovite, or potash mica, containing water.</def>

<h1>Damp</h1>
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<hw>Damp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to LG., D., & Dan. <ets>damp</ets> vapor, steam, fog, G. <ets>dampf</ets>, Icel. <ets>dampi</ets>, Sw. <ets>damb</ets> dust, and to MNG. <ets>dimpfen</ets> to smoke, imp. <ets>dampf</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Moisture; humidity; fog; fogginess; vapor.</def>

<blockquote>Night . . . with black air
Accompanied, with <b>damps</b> and dreadful gloom.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dejection; depression; cloud of the mind.</def>

<blockquote>Even now, while thus I stand blest in thy presence,
A secret <b>damp</b> of grief comes o'er my soul.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It must have thrown a <b>damp</b> over your autumn excursion.
<i>J. D. Forbes.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A gaseous prodact, formed in coal mines, old wells, pints, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Choke damp</col>, <cd>a damp consisting principally of carboni<?/ acid gas; -- so called from its extinguishing flame and animal life. See <cref>Carbonic acid</cref>, under <er>Carbonic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Damp sheet</col>, <cd>a curtain in a mine gallery to direct air currents and prevent accumulation of gas.</cd> -- <col>Fire damp</col>, <cd>a damp consisting chiefly of light carbureted hydrogen; -- so called from its tendence to explode when mixed with atmospheric air and brought into contact with flame.</cd></cs>

<h1>Damp</h1>
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<hw>Damp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Damper</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Dampest</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Being in a state between dry and wet; moderately wet; moist; humid.</def>

<blockquote>O'erspread with a <b>damp</b> sweat and holy fear.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dejected; depressed; sunk.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>All these and more came flocking, but with looks
Downcast and <b>damp</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Damp</h1>
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<hw>Damp</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Damped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Damping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>dampen</ets> to choke, suffocate. See <er>Damp</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render damp; to moisten; to make humid, or moderately wet; to dampen; <as>as, to <ex>damp</ex> cloth</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put out, as fire; to depress or deject; to deaden; to cloud; to check or restrain, as action or vigor; to make dull; to weaken; to discourage.</def> "To <i>damp</i> your tender hopes."

<i>Akenside.</i>

<blockquote>Usury dulls and <b>damps</b> all industries, improvements, and new inventions, wherein money would be stirring if it were not for this slug.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How many a day has been <b>damped</b> and darkened by an angry word!
<i>Sir J. Lubbock.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The failure of his enterprise <b>damped</b> the spirit of the soldiers.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dampen</h1>
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<hw>Damp"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dampened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dampening</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make damp or moist; to make slightly wet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To depress; to check; to make dull; to lessen.</def>

<blockquote>In a way that considerably <b>dampened</b> our enthusiasm.
<i>The Century.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dampen</h1>
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<hw>Damp"en</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become damp; to deaden.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Damper</h1>
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<hw>Damp"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which damps or checks; as: <sd>(a)</sd> A valve or movable plate in the flue or other part of a stove, furnace, etc., used to check or regulate the draught of air. <sd>(b)</sd> A contrivance, as in a pianoforte, to deaden vibrations; or, as in other pieces of mechanism, to check some action at a particular time.</def>

<blockquote>Nor did Sabrina's presence seem to act as any <b>damper</b> at the modest little festivities.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dampish</h1>
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<hw>Damp"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Moderately damp or moist.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Damp"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Damp"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dampne</h1>
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<hw>Damp"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To damn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dampness</h1>
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<hw>Damp"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Moderate humidity; moisture; fogginess; moistness.</def>

<h1>Damp off</h1>
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<hw>Damp" off`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>To decay and perish through excessive moisture.</def>

<h1>Dampy</h1>
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<hw>Damp"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Somewhat damp.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dejected; gloomy; sorrowful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Dispel <i>dampy</i> throughts."

<i>Haywards.</i>

<h1>Damsel</h1>
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<hw>Dam"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>damosel</ets>, <ets>damesel</ets>, <ets>damisel</ets>, damsel, fr. OF. <ets>damoisele</ets>, <ets>damisele</ets>, gentlewoman, F. <ets>demoiselle</ets> young lady; cf. OF. <ets>damoisel</ets> young nobleman, F. <ets>damoiseau</ets>; fr. LL. <ets>domicella</ets>, <ets>dominicella</ets>, fem., <ets>domicellus</ets>, <ets>dominicellus</ets>, masc., dim. fr. L. <ets>domina</ets>, <ets>dominus</ets>. See <er>Dame</er>, and cf. <er>Demoiselle</er>, <er>Doncella</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A young person, either male or female, of noble or gentle extraction; <as>as, <ex>Damsel</ex> Pepin; <ex>Damsel</ex> Richard, Prince of Wales.</as></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A young unmarried woman; a gerl; a maiden.</def>

<blockquote>With her train of <b>damsels</b> she was gone,
In shady walks the scorching heat to shum.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sometimes a troop of <b>damsels</b> glad, . . .
Goes by to towered Cameleot.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Milling)</fld> <def>An attachment to a millstone spindle for shaking the hoppe<?/.</def>

<h1>Damson</h1>
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<hw>Dam"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>damasin</ets> the Damascus plum, fr. L. Damascenus. See <er>Damascene</er>.]</ety> <def>A small oval plum of a blue color, the fruit of a variety of the <spn>Prunus domestica</spn>; -- called also <altname>damask plum</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dan</h1>
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<hw>Dan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dan</ets>, <ets>danz</ets>, OF. <ets>danz</ets> (prop. only nom.), <ets>dan</ets>, master, fr. L. <ets>dominus</ets>. See <er>Dame</er>.]</ety> <def>A title of honor equivalent to <i>master</i>, or <i>sir</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Old <b>Dan</b> Geoffry, in gently spright
The pure wellhead of poetry did dwell.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What time <b>Dan</b> Abraham left the Chaldee land.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dan</h1>
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<hw>Dan</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A small truck or sledge used in coal mines.</def>

<h1>Danaide</h1>
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<hw>Da"na*ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the mythical <ets>Danaides</ets>, who were condemned to fill with water a vessel full of holes.]</ety> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A water wheel having a vertical axis, and an inner and outer tapering shell, between which are vanes or floats attached usually to both shells, but sometimes only to one.</def>

<h1>Danaite</h1>
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<hw>Da"na*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after J. Freeman <ets>Dana</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A cobaltiferous variety of arsenopyrite.</def>

<h1>Danalite</h1>
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<hw>Da"na*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after James Dwight <ets>Dana</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occuring in octahedral crystals, also massive, of a reddish color. It is a silicate of iron, zinc manganese, and glicinum, containing sulphur.</def>

<h1>Danburite</h1>
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<hw>Dan"bu*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A borosilicate of lime, first found at <ets>Danbury</ets>, Conn. It is near the topaz in form.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Dance</h1>
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<hw>Dance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Danced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dancing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>danser</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>dans<?/n</ets> to draw; akin to <ets>dinsan</ets> to draw, Goth. <ets>apinsan</ets>, and prob. from the same root (meaning <ets>to stretch</ets>) as E. <ets>thin</ets>. See <er>Thin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move with measured steps, or to a musical accompaniment; to go through, either alone or in company with others, with a regulated succession of movements, (commonly) to the sound of music; to trip or leap rhytmically.</def>

<blockquote>Jack shall pipe and Gill shall <b>dance</b>.
<i>Wiher.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Good shepherd, what fair swain is this
Which <b>dances</b> with your dauther?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move nimbly or merrily; to express pleasure by motion; to caper; to frisk; to skip about.</def>

<blockquote>Then, 'tis time to <b>dance</b> off.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>More <b>dances</b> my rapt heart
Than when I first my wedded mistress saw.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Shadows in the glassy waters <b>dance</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where rivulets <b>dance</b> their wayward round.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To dance on a rope</col>, &or; <col>To dance on nothing</col></mcol>, <cd>to be hanged.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dance</h1>
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<hw>Dance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to dance, or move nimbly or merrily about, or up and down; to dandle.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>dance</b> our ringlets to the whistling wind.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thy grandsire loved thee well;
Many a time he <b>danced</b> thee on his knee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To dance attendance</col>, <cd>to come and go obsequiously; to be or remain in waiting, at the beck and call of another, with a view to please or gain favor.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>A man of his place, and so near our favor,
To <b>dance attendance</b> on their lordships' pleasure.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dance</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dance</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>danse</ets>, of German origin. See <er>Dance</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The leaping, tripping, or measured stepping of one who dances; an amusement, in which the movements of the persons are regulated by art, in figures and in accord with music.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A tune by which dancing is regulated, as the minuet, the waltz, the cotillon, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; The word <i>dance</i> was used ironically, by the older writers, of many proceedings besides dancing.</note>

<blockquote>Of remedies of love she knew parchance
For of that art she couth the olde <b>dance</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Dance of Death</col> <fld>(Art)</fld>, <cd>an allegorical representation of the power of death over all, -- the old, the young, the high, and the low, being led by a dancing skeleton.</cd> -- <col>Morris dance</col>. <cd>See <er>Morris</er>.</cd> -- <col>To lead one a dance</col>, <cd>to cause one to go through a series of movements or experiences as if guided by a partner in a dance not understood.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dancer</h1>
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<hw>Dan"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dances or who practices dancing.</def>

<cs><col>The merry dancers</col>, <cd>beams of the northern lights when they rise and fall alternately without any considerable change of length. See <cref>Aurora borealis</cref>, under <er>Aurora</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Danceress</h1>
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<hw>Dan"cer*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female dancer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Dancett\'82</h1>
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<hw>Dan`cet`t\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>danch\'82</ets> dancett\'82, <ets>dent</ets> tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Deeply indented; having large teeth; thus, a fess <i>dancett\'82</i> has only three teeth in the whole width of the escutcheon.</def>

<h1>Dancing</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dan"cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a. & vb. n.</tt> <def>from <er>Dance</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Dancing girl</col>, <cd>one of the women in the East Indies whose profession is to dance in the temples, or for the amusement of spectators. There are various classes of dancing girls.</cd> -- <col>Dancing master</col>, <cd>a teacher of dancing.</cd> -- <col>Dancing school</col>, <cd>a school or place where dancing is taught.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dancy</h1>
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<hw>Dan"cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Dancett\'82</er>.</def>

<h1>Dandelion</h1>
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<hw>Dan"de*li`on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>dent de lion</ets> lion's tooth, fr. L. <ets>dens</ets> tooth + <ets>leo</ets> lion. See <er>Tooth</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and <er>Lion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A well-known plant of the genus <spn>Taraxacum</spn> (<spn>T. officinale</spn>, formerly called <spn>T. Dens-leonis</spn> and <spn>Leontodos Taraxacum</spn>) bearing large, yellow, compound flowers, and deeply notched leaves.</def>

<h1>Dander</h1>
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<hw>Dan"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted from <ets>dandruff</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Dandruff or scurf on the head.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anger or vexation; rage</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Dander</h1>
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<hw>Dan"der</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dandle</er>.]</ety> <def>To wander about; to saunter; to talk incoherently.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Dandi</h1>
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<hw>Dan"di</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <ets><?/</ets> an oar.]</ety> <def>A boatman; an oarsman.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Dandie</h1>
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<hw>Dan"die</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a breed of small terriers; -- called also <altname>Dandie Dinmont</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dandified</h1>
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<hw>Dan"di*fied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made up like a dandy; having the dress or manners of a dandy; buckish.</def>

<h1>Dandify</h1>
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<hw>Dan"di*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dandified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dandifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Dandy</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cause to resemble a dandy; to make dandyish.</def>

<h1>Dandiprat</h1>
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<hw>Dan"di*prat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dandy</ets> + <ets>brat</ets> child.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little fellow; -- in sport or contempt.</def> "A <i>dandiprat</i> hop-thumb."

<i>Stanyhurst.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small coin.</def>

<blockquote>Henry VII. stamped a small coin called <b>dandiprats</b>.
<i>Camden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dandle</h1>
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<hw>Dan"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dandled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dandling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>d\'84ndeln</ets> to trifly, dandle, OD. & Prov. G. <ets>danten</ets>, G. <ets>tand</ets> trifly, prattle; Scot. <ets>dandill</ets>, <ets>dander</ets>, to go about idly, to trifly.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To move up and down on one's knee or in one's arms, in affectionate play, as an infant.</def>

<blockquote>Ye shall be <b>dandled</b> . . . upon her knees.
<i>Is.<?/</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat with fondness, as if a child; to fondle; to toy with; to pet.</def>

<blockquote>They have put me in a silk gown and gaudy fool's cap; I as ashamed to be <b>dandled</b> thus.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The book, thus <b>dandled</b> into popularity by bishops and good ladies, contained many pieces of nursery eloquence.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To play with; to put off or delay by trifles; to wheedle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Captains do so <b>dandle</b> their doings, and dally in the service, as it they would not have the enemy subdued.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dandler</h1>
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<hw>Dan"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dandles or fondles.</def>

<h1>Dandriff</h1>
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<hw>Dan"driff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Dandruff</er>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Dandruff</h1>
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<hw>Dandruff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from W. <ets>ton</ets>crust, peel, skin + AS. <ets>dr<?/f</ets> dirty, draffy, or W. <ets>drwg</ets> bad: cf. AS. <ets>tan</ets> a letter, an eruption. &root;240.]</ety> <def>A scurf which forms on the head, and comes off in small or particles.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dandriff</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Dandy</h1>
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<hw>Dan"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dandies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dandin</ets>, ninny, silly fellow, <ets>dandiner</ets> to waddle, to play the fool; prob. allied to E. <ets>dandle</ets>. Senses 2&3 are of uncertain etymol.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who affects special finery or gives undue attention to dress; a fop; a coxcomb.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A sloop or cutter with a jigger on which a lugsail is set.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small sail carried at or near the stern of small boats; -- called also <altname>jigger</altname>, and <altname>mizzen</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A dandy roller. See below.</def>

<cs><col>Dandy brush</col>, <cd>a yard whalebone brush.</cd> -- <col>Dandy fever</col>. <cd>See <er>Dengue</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dandy line</col>, <cd>a kind of fishing line to which are attached several crosspieces of whalebone which carry a hook at each end.</cd> -- <col>Dandy roller</col>, <cd>a roller sieve used in machines for making paper, to press out water from the pulp, and set the paper.</cd></cs>

<mhw><h1>Dandy-cock </, n. masc., Dandy-hen</h1>
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<hw>Dan"dy-cock`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n. masc.</tt>, <hw>Dan"dy-hen`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n. fem.</tt></mhw> <ety>[See <er>Dandy</er>.]</ety> <def>A bantam fowl.</def>

<h1>Dandyish</h1>
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<hw>Dan"dy*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a dandy.</def>

<h1>Dandyism</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dan"dy*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The manners and dress of a dandy; foppishness.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Dandyise</h1>
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<hw>Dan"dy*ise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To make, or to act, like a dandy; to dandify.</def>

<h1>Dandyling</h1>
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<hw>Dan"dy*ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dandy</ets> + <ets><?/ling</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little or insignificant dandy; a contemptible fop.</def>

<h1>Dane</h1>
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<hw>Dane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>Dani</ets>: cf. AS. <ets>Dene</ets>.]</ety> <def>A native, or a naturalized inhabitant, of Denmark.</def>

<cs><col>Great Dane</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Danish dog</cref>, under <er>Danish</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Danegeld, Danegelt</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dane"geld`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dane"gelt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>danegeld</ets>. See <er>Dane</er>, and <er>Geld</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>An annual tax formerly laid on the English nation to buy off the ravages of Danish invaders, or to maintain forces to oppose them. It afterward became a permanent tax, raised by an assessment, at first of one shilling, afterward of two shillings, upon every hide of land throughout the realm.</def>

<i>Wharton's Law Dict. Tomlins.</i>

<h1>Danewort</h1>
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<hw>Dane"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fetid European species of elder (<spn>Sambucus Ebulus</spn>); dwarf elder; wallwort; elderwort; -- called also <altname>Daneweed</altname>, <altname>Dane's weed</altname>, and <altname>Dane's-blood</altname>. <note>[Said to grow on spots where battles were fought against the Danes.]</note></def>

<h1>Dang</h1>
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<hw>Dang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Ding</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dang</h1>
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<hw>Dang</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Ding</er>.]</ety> <def>To dash.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Till she, o'ercome with anguish, shame, and rage,
<b>Danged</b> down to hell her loathsome carriage.
<i>Marlowe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Danger</h1>
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<hw>Dan"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>danger</ets>, <ets>daunger</ets>, power, arrogance, refusal, difficulty, fr. OF. <ets>dagier</ets>, <ets>dongier</ets> (with same meaning), F. <ets>danger</ets> danger, fr. an assumed LL. <ets>dominiarium</ets> power, authority, from L. <ets>dominium</ets> power, property. See <er>Dungeon</er>, <er>Domain</er>, <er>Dame</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Authority; jurisdiction; control.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In <b>danger</b>had he . . . the young girls.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Power to harm; subjection or liability to penalty.</def>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <cref>In one's danger</cref>, below.

<blockquote>You stand within his <b>danger</b>, do you not?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Covetousness of gains hath brought [them] in <b>danger</b>of this statute.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Exposure to injury, loss, pain, or other evil; peril; risk; insecurity.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Difficulty; sparingness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Coyness; disdainful behavior.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>In one's danger</col>, <cd>in one's power; liable to a penalty to be inflicted by him. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> This sense is retained in the proverb, "Out of debt out of <i>danger<i>."</cd>

<blockquote>Those rich man in whose debt and <b>danger</b> they be not.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To do danger</col>, <cd>to cause danger.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Peril; hazard; risk; jeopardy.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Danger</er>, <er>Peril</er>, <er>Hazard</er>, <er>Risk</er>, <er>Jeopardy</er>. <i>Danger</i> is the generic term, and implies some contingent evil in prospect. <i>Peril</i> is instant or impending danger; as, in <i>peril</i> of one's life. <i>Hazard</i> arises from something fortuitous or beyond our control; as, the <i>hazard</i> of the seas. <i>Risk</i> is doubtful or uncertain danger, often incurred voluntarily; as, to <i>risk</i> an engagement. <i>Jeopardy</i> is extreme danger. <i>Danger</i> of a contagious disease; the <i>perils</i> of shipwreck; the <i>hazards</i> of speculation; the <i>risk</i> of daring enterprises; a life brought into <i>jeopardy</i>.</usage>

<h1>Danger</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dan"ger</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To endanger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dangerful</h1>
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<hw>Dan"ger*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of danger; dangerous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Dan"ger*ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Dangerless</h1>
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<hw>Dan"ger*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from danger.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dangerous</h1>
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<hw>Dan"ger*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE., haughty, difficult, dangerous, fr. OF. <ets>dangereus</ets>, F. <ets>dangereux</ets>. See <er>Danger</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Attended or beset with danger; full of risk; perilous; hazardous; unsafe.</def>

<blockquote>Our troops set forth to-morrow; stay with us;
The ways are <b>dangerous</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is <b>dangerous</b> to assert a negative.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing danger; ready to do harm or injury.</def>

<blockquote>If they incline to think you <b>dangerous</b>
To less than gods.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In a condition of danger, as from illness; threatened with death.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Forby. Bartlett.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Hard to suit; difficult to please.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>My wages ben full strait, and eke full small;
My lord to me is hard and <b>dangerous</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Reserved; not affable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Of his speech <i>dangerous</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dan"ger*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dan"ger*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dangle</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dan"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dangled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dangling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to Dan. <ets>dangle</ets>, dial. Sw. <ets>dangla</ets>, Dan.  <ets>dingle</ets>, Sw. <ets>dingla</ets>, Icel. <ets>dingla</ets>; perh. from E. <ets>ding</ets>.]</ety> <def>To hang loosely, or with a swinging or jerking motion.</def>

<blockquote>he'd rather on a gibbet <b>dangle</b>
Than miss his dear delight, to wrangle.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>From her lifted hand
<b>Dangled</b> a length of ribbon.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To dangle about</col> &or; <col>after</col></mcol>, <cd>to hang upon importunately; to court the favor of; to beset.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>The Presbyterians, and other fanatics that <b>dangle after</b> them,
are well inclined to pull down the present establishment.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dangle</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dan"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to dangle; to swing, as something suspended loosely; <as>as, to <ex>dangle</ex> the feet</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And the bridegroom stood <b>dangling</b> his bonnet and plume.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dangleberry</h1>
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<hw>Dan"gle*ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A dark blue, edible berry with a white bloom, and its shrub (<spn>Gaylussacia frondosa</spn>) closely allied to the common huckleberry. The bush is also called <i>blue tangle</i>, and is found from New England to Kentucky, and southward.</def>

<h1>Dangler</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dan"gler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dangles about or after others, especially after women; a trifler.</def> " <i>Danglers</i> at toilets."

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Daniel</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dan"i*el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Hebrew prophet distinguished for sagacity and ripeness of judgment in youth; hence, a sagacious and upright judge.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>Daniel</b> come to judgment.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Danish</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dan"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dane</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to the Danes, or to their language or country.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> The language of the Danes.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Danish dog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of a large and powerful breed of dogs reared in Denmark; -- called also <altname>great Dane</altname>. See <i>Illustration<i> in Appendix.</cd></cs>

<h1>Danite</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dan"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A descendant of Dan; an Israelite of the tribe of Dan.</def>

<i>Judges xiii. 2.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[So called in remembrance of the prophecy in Gen. xlix. 17, "<ets>Dan</ets> shall be a serpent by the way," etc.]</ety> <def>One of a secret association of Mormons, bound by an oath to obey the heads of the church in all things.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Dank</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. dial, Sw. <ets>dank</ets> a moist place in a field, Icel. <ets>d\'94kk</ets> pit, pool; possibly akin to E. <ets>damp</ets> or to <ets>daggle</ets> dew.]</ety> <def>Damp; moist; humid; wet.</def>

<blockquote>Now that the fields are <b>dank</b> and ways are mire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cheerless watches on the cold, <b>dank</b> ground.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dank</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dank</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Moisture; humidity; water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dank</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dank</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small silver coin current in Persia.</def>

<h1>Dankish</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dank"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat dank.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dank"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>In a dark and <b>dankish</b> vault at home.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dannebrog</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dan"ne*brog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The ancient battle standard of Denmark, bearing figures of cross and crown.</def>

<cs><col>Order of Dannebrog</col>, <cd>an ancient Danish order of knighthood.</cd></cs>

<h1>Danseuse</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dan`seuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>danser</ets> to dance.]</ety> <def>a professional female dancer; a woman who dances at a public exhibition as in a ballet.</def>

<h1>Dansk</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dansk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Dan.]</ety> <def>Danish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dansker</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dansk"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Dane.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Inquire me first what <b>Danskers</b> are in Paris.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dantean</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dan*te"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relatingto, emanating from or resembling, the poet Dante or his writings.</def>

<h1>Dantesque</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dan*tesque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>Dantesco</ets>.]</ety> <def>Dantelike; Dantean.</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Danubian</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Da*nu"bi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertainingto, or bordering on, the river Danube.</def>

<h1>Dap</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Dip</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Angling)</fld> <def>To drop the bait gently on the surface of the water.</def>

<blockquote>To catch a club by <b>dapping</b> with a grasshoper.
<i>Walton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dapatical</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Da*pat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dapaticus</ets>, fr. <ets>daps</ets> feast.]</ety> <def>Sumptuous in cheer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Daphne</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Daph"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a laurel tree, from Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of diminutive Shrubs, mostly evergreen, and with fragrant blossoms.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A nymph of Diana, fabled to have been changed into a laurel tree.</def>

<h1>Daphnetin</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Daph"ne*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless crystalline substance, <chform>C9H6O4</chform>, extracted from daphnin.</def>

<h1>Daphnia</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Daph"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of the genus <spn>Daphnia</spn>.</def>

<h1>Daphnin</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Daph"nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>daphnine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A dark green bitter resin extracted from the mezereon (<spn>Daphne mezereum</spn>) and regarded as the essential principle of the plant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A white, crystalline, bitter substance, regarded as a glucoside, and extracted from <spn>Daphne mezereum</spn> and <spn>D. alpina</spn>.</def>

<h1>Daphnomancy</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Daph"no*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><grk>da`fnh</grk></ets> the laurel + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of the laurel.</def>

<h1>Dapifer</h1>
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<hw>Dap"i*fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., <ets>daps</ets> a feast + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>One who brings meat to the table; hence, in some countries, the official title of the grand master or steward of the king's or a nobleman's household.</def>

<h1>Dapper</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dap"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>daper</ets>; prob. fr. D. <ets>dapper</ets> brave, valiant; akin to G. <ets>tapfer</ets> brave, OHG. <ets>taphar</ets> heavy, weighty, OSlav. <ets>dobr&ucr;</ets> good, Russ. <ets>dobrui</ets>. Cf. <er>Deft</er>.]</ety> <def>Little and active; spruce; trim; smart; neat in dress or appearance; lively.</def>

<blockquote>He wondered how so many provinces could be held in subjection by such a <b>dapper</b> little man.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>dapper</b> ditties that I wont devise.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sharp-nosed, <b>dapper</b> steam yachts.
<i>Julian Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dapperling</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dap"per*ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dwarf; a dandiprat.</def> <mark>[r.]</mark>

<h1>Dapple</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dap"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>depill</ets> a spot, a dot, a dog with spots over the eyes, <ets>dapi</ets> a pool, and E. <ets>dimple</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of the spots on a dappled animal.</def>

<blockquote>He has . . . as many eyes on his body as my gray mare hath <b>dapples</b>.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dapple, Dappled</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw><hw>Dap"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dap"pled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marked with spots of different shades of color; spotted; variegated; <as>as, a <ex>dapple</ex> horse</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Some <b>dapple</b> mists still floated along the peaks.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The word is used in composition to denote that some color is variegated or marked with spots; as, <i>dapple</i>-bay; <i>dapple</i>-gray.</note>

<blockquote>His steed was all <b>dapple</b>-gray.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O, swiftly can speed my <b>dapple</b>-gray steed.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dapple</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dap"ple</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dappled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dappling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To variegate with spots; to spot.</def>

<blockquote>The gentle day, . . .
<b>Dapples</b> the drowsy east with spots of gray.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>dappled</b> pink and blushing rose.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Darbies</h1>
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<hw>Dar"bies</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Manacles; handcuffs.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<blockquote>Jem Clink will fetch you the <b>darbies</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In "The Steel Glass" by Gascoigne, printed in 1576, occurs the line "To binde such babes in father <i>Derbies bands</i>."</note>

<h1>Darby</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dar"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A plasterer's float, having two handles; -- used in smoothing ceilings, etc.</def>

<h1>Darbyite</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dar"by*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Plymouth Brethren, or of a sect among them; -- so called from John N. <i>Darby</i>, one of the leaders of the Brethren.</def>

<h1>Dardanian</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dar*da"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt><ety>[From L. <ets>Dardania</ets>, poetic name of Troy.]</ety> <def>Trojan.</def>

<h1>Dare</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dare</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Durst</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Dared</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Dared</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Daring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>I dar</ets>, <ets>dear</ets>, I dare, imp. <ets>dorste</ets>, <ets>durste</ets>, AS. <ets>ic dear</ets> I dare, imp. <ets>dorste</ets>. inf. <ets>durran</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>gidar</ets>, <ets>gidorsta</ets>, <ets>gidurran</ets>, OHG. <ets>tar</ets>, <ets>torsta</ets>, <ets>turran</ets>, Goth. <ets>gadar</ets>, <ets>gada\'a3rsta</ets>, Gr. <ets><grk>tharsei^n</grk></ets>, <ets><grk>tharrei^n</grk></ets>, to be bold, <ets><grk>tharsy`s</grk></ets> bold, Skr. <ets>Dhrsh</ets> to be bold. &root;70.]</ety> <def>To have adequate or sufficient courage for any purpose; to be bold or venturesome; not to be afraid; to venture.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>dare</b> do all that may become a man; Who <b>dares</b> do more is none.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Why then did not the ministers use their new law? Bacause they <b>durst</b> not, because they could not.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who <b>dared</b> to sully her sweet love with suspicion.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The tie of party was stronger than the tie of blood, because a partisan was more ready to <b>dare</b> without asking why.
<i>Jowett (Thu<?/yd.).</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The present tense, <i>I dare</i>, is really an old past tense, so that the third person is <i>he dare</i>, but the form <i>he dares</i> is now often used, and will probably displace the obsolescent <i>he dare</i>, through grammatically as incorrect as <i>he shalls</i> or <i>he cans</i>.</note>

<i>Skeat.</i>

<blockquote>The pore <b>dar</b> plede (the poor man <b>dare</b> plead).
<i>P. Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You know one <b>dare</b> not discover you.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The fellow <b>dares</b> nopt deceide me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Here boldly spread thy hands, no venom'd weed
<b>Dares</b> blister them, no slimly snail <b>dare</b> creep.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Formerly <i>durst</i> was also used as the present. Sometimes the old form <i>dare</i> is found for <i>durst</i> or <i>dared</i>.</note>

<h1>Dare</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dare</hw>, <tt>v. y.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dared</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Daring</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have courage for; to attempt courageously; to venture to do or to undertake.</def>

<blockquote>What high concentration of steady feeling makes men <b>dare</b> every thing and do anything?
<i>Bagehot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To wrest it from barbarism, to <b>dare</b> its solitudes.
<i>The Century.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To challenge; to provoke; to defy.</def>

<blockquote>Time, I <b>dare</b> thee to discover
Such a youth and such a lover.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dare</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dare</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of daring; venturesomeness; boldness; dash.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>It lends a luster . . .
A large <b>dare</b> to our great enterprise.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Defiance; challenge.</def>

<blockquote>Childish, unworthy <b>dares</b>
Are not enought to part our powers.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sextus Pompeius
Hath given the <b>dare</b> to C\'91sar.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dare</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dare</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>darien</ets>, to lie hidden, be timid.]</ety> <def>To lurk; to lie hid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dare</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dare</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To terrify; to daunt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For I have done those follies, those mad mischiefs,
Would <b>dare</b> a woman.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To dare larks</col>, <cd>to catch them by producing terror through to use of mirrors, scarlet cloth, a hawk, etc., so that they lie still till a net is thrown over them.</cd></cs>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Dare</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dare</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dace</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fish; the dace.</def>

<h1>Dare-devil</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dare"-dev`il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A reckless fellow. Also used adjectively; <as>as, <ex>dare-devil</ex> excitement</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A humorous <b>dare-devil</b> -- the very man
To suit my prpose.
<i>Ld. Lytton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dare-deviltry</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dare"-dev`il*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dare-deviltries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Reckless mischief; the action of a dare-devil.</def>

<h1>Dareful</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dare"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full af daring or of defiance; adveturous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Darer</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dar"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dares or defies.</def>

<h1>Darg, Dargue</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw><hw>Darg</hw>, <hw>Dargue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot., contr. fr. <ets>day work</ets>.]</ety> <def>A day's work; also, a fixed amount of work, whether more or less than that of a day.</def> <mark>[Local, Eng. & Scott]</mark>

<h1>Daric</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dar"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, of Persian origin.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A gold coin of ancient Persia, weighing usually a little more than 128 grains, and bearing on one side of the figure of an archer</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A silver coin of about 86 grains, having the figure of an archer, and hence, in modern times, called a <i>daric</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any very pure gold coin.</def>

<h1>Daring</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dar"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Boldness; fearlessness; adventurousness; also, a daring act.</def>

<h1>Daring</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dar"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bold; fearless; adventurous; <as>as, <ex>daring</ex> spirits</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dar"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dar"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dark</h1>
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<hw>Dark</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dark</ets>, <ets>derk</ets>, <ets>deork</ets>, AS. <ets>dearc</ets>, <ets>deorc</ets>; cf. Gael. & Ir. <ets>dorch</ets>, <ets>dorcha</ets>, dark, black, dusky.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute, or partially destitute, of light; not receiving, reflecting, or radiating light; wholly or partially black, or of some deep shade of color; not light-colored; <as>as, a <ex>dark</ex> room; a <ex>dark</ex> day; <ex>dark</ex> cloth; <ex>dark</ex> paint; a <ex>dark</ex> complexion.</as></def>

<blockquote>O <b>dark</b>, <b>dark</b>, <b>dark</b>, amid the blaze of noon,
Irrecoverable <b>dark</b>, total eclipse
Without all hope of day!
<i>milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In the <b>dark</b> and silent grave.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not clear to the understanding; not easily <?/ through; obscure; mysterious; hidden.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>dark</b> problems of existence.
<i>Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What may seem <b>dark</b> at the first, will afterward be found more plain.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What's your <b>dark</b> meaning, mouse, of this light word?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Destitute of knowledge and culture; in moral or intellectual darkness; unrefined; ignorant.</def>

<blockquote>The age wherin he lived was <b>dark</b>, but he
Cobld not want light who taught the world oto see.
<i>Denhan.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The tenth century used to be reckoned by medi\'91val historians as the <b>darkest</b> part of this intellectual night.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Evincing blaxk or foul traits of character; vile; wicked; atrocious; <as>as, a <ex>dark</ex> villain; a <ex>dark</ex> deed.</as></def>

<blockquote>Left him at large to his own <b>dark</b> designs.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Foreboding evil; gloomy; jealous; suspicious.</def>

<blockquote>More <b>dark</b> and <b>dark</b> our woes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A deep melancholy took possesion of him, and gave a <b>dark</b> tinge to all his views of human nature.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is, in every true woman-s heart, a spark of heavenly fire, which beams and blazes in the <b>dark</b> hour of adversity.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Deprived of sight; blind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He was, I think, at this time quite <b>dark</b>, and so had been for some years.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Dark</i> is sometimes used to qualify another adjective; <as>as, <ex>dark</ex> blue, <ex>dark</ex> green, and sometimes it forms the first part of a compound; as, <ex>dark</ex>-haired, <ex>dark</ex>-eyed, <ex>dark</ex>-colored, <ex>dark</ex>-seated, <ex>dark</ex>-working.</as></note>

<cs><col>A dark horse</col>, <cd>in racing or politics, a horse or a candidate whose chances of success are not known, and whose capabilities have not been made the subject of general comment or of wagers</cd>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>Dark house</col>, <col>Dark room</col></mcol>, <cd>a house or room in which madmen were confined. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Dark lantern</col>. <cd>See <er>Lantern</er>.</cd> -- The <col>Dark Ages</col>, <cd>a period of stagnation and obscurity in literature and art, lasting, according to Hallam, nearly 1000 years, from about 500 to about 1500 <sc>A. D.</sc>. See <cref>Middle Ages</cref>, under <er>Middle</er>.</cd> -- <col>The Dark and Bloody Ground</col>, <cd>a phrase applied to the State of Kentucky, and said to be the significance of its name, in allusion to the frequent wars that were waged there between Indians.</cd> -- <col>The dark day</col>, <cd>a day (May 19, 1780) when a remarkable and unexplained darkness extended over all New England.</cd> -- <col>To keep dark</col>, <cd>to reveal nothing.</cd> <mark>[Low]</mark></cs>

<h1>Dark</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dark</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Absence of light; darkness; obscurity; a place where there is little or no light.</def>

<blockquote>Here stood he in the <b>dark</b>, his sharp sword out.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The condition of ignorance; gloom; secrecy.</def>

<blockquote>Look, what you do, you do it still i' th' <b>dark</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Till we perceive by our own understandings, we are as muc<?/ in the <b>dark</b>, and as void of knowledge, as before.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A dark shade or dark passage in a painting, engraving, or the like; <as>as, the light and <ex>darks</ex> are well contrasted</as></def>.

<blockquote>The lights may serve for a repose to the <b>darks</b>, and the <b>darks</b> to the lights.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dark</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dark</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To darken to obscure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Darken</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dark"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Darkened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Darkening</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>deorcian</ets>. See <er>Dark</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make dark or black; to deprite of light; to obscure; <as>as, a <ex>darkened</ex> room</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They [locusts] covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was <b>darkened</b>.
<i>Ex. x. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So spake the Sovran Voice; and clouds began
To <b>darken</b> all the hill.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To render dim; to deprive of vision.</def>

<blockquote>Let their eyes be <b>darkened</b>, that they may not see.
<i>Rom. xi. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cloud, obscure, or perplex; to render less clear or intelligible.</def>

<blockquote>Such was his wisdom that his confidence did seldom <b>darken</b>his foresight.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who is this that <b>darkeneth</b> counsel by words without knowledge?
<i>Job. xxxviii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cast a gloom upon.</def>

<blockquote>With these forced thoughts, I prithee, <b>darken</b> not
The mirth of the feast.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To make foul; to sully; to tarnish.</def>

<blockquote>I must not think there are
Evils enough to <b>darken</b> all his goodness.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Darken</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dark"en</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow or darker.</def>

<h1>Darkener</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dark"en*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, darkens.</def>

<h1>Darkening</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dark"en*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Twilight; gloaming.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Darkful</h1>
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<hw>Dark"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of darkness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Darkish</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dark"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat dark; dusky.</def>

<h1>Darkle</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dar"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>dark</ets>.]</ety> <def>To grow dark; to show indistinctly.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Darkling</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dark"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dark</ets> + the adverbial suffix <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the dark.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>So, out went the candle, and we were left <b>darkling</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>As the wakeful bird</b>
<b>Sings darkling</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Darkling</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dark"ling</hw>, <tt>p. pr. & a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Becoming dark or gloomy; frowing.</def>

<blockquote>His honest brows <b>darkling</b> as he looked towards me.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dark; gloomy.</def> "The <i>darkling</i> precipice."

<i>Moore.</i>

<h1>Darkly</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dark"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With imperfect light, clearness, or knowledge; obscurely; dimly; blindly; uncertainly.</def>

<blockquote>What fame to future times conveys but <b>darkly</b> down.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>so softly dark and <b>darkly</b> pure.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With a dark, gloomy, cruel, or menacing look.</def>

<blockquote>Looking <b>darkly</b> at the clerguman.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Darkness</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dark"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The absence of light; blackness; obscurity; gloom.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>darkness</b> was upon the face of the deep.
<i>Gen. i. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of privacy; secrecy.</def>

<blockquote>What I tell you in <b>darkness</b>, that speak ye in light.
<i>Matt. x. 27.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A state of ignorance or error, especially on moral or religious subjects; hence, wickedness; impurity.</def>

<blockquote>Men loved <b>darkness</b> rather than light, because their deeds were evil.
<i>John. iii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Pursue these sons of <b>darkness</b>: drive them out
From all heaven's bounds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Want of clearness or perspicuity; obscurity; <as>as, the <ex>darkness</ex> of a subject, or of a discussion</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A state of distress or trouble.</def>

<blockquote>A day of clouds and of thick <b>darkness</b>.
<i>Joel. ii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Prince of darkness</col>, <cd>the Devil; Satan. "In the power of the <i>Prince of darkness<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Locke.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Darkness</er>, <er>Dimness</er>, <er>Obscurity</er>, <er>Gloom</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Darkness</i> arises from a total, and <i>dimness</i> from a partial, want of light. A thing is <i>obscure</i> when so overclouded or covered as not to be easily perceived. As tha shade or <i>obscurity</i> increases, it deepens into <i>gloom</i>. What is <i>dark</i> is hidden from view; what is <i>obscure</i> is difficult to perceive or penetrate; the eye becomes <i>dim</i> with age; an impending storm fills the atmosphere with <i>gloom</i>. When taken figuratively, these words have a like use; as, the <i>darkness</i> of ignorance; <i>dimness</i> of discernment; <i>obscurity</i> of reasoning; <i>gloom</i> of superstition.</usage>

<h1>Darksome</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dark"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dark; gloomy; obscure; shaded; cheerless.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>He brought him through a <b>darksome</b> narrow pass
To a broad gate, all built of beaten gold.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Darky</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dark"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A negro.</def> <mark>[Sleng]</mark>

<h1>Darling</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dar"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>derling</ets>, <ets>deorling</ets>, AS. <ets>de\'a2rling</ets>; <ets>de\'a2re</ets> dear + <ets>-ling</ets>. See <er>Dear</er>, and <er>-ling</er>.]</ety> <def>One dearly beloved; a favorite.</def>

<blockquote>And can do naught but wail her <b>darling's</b> loss.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Darling</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dar"ling</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dearly beloved; regarded with especial kindness and tenderness; favorite. "Some <i>darling</i> science." <i>I</i>. <i>Watts</i>. "<i>Darling</i> sin." <i>Macaulay</i>.</def>

<h1>Darlingtonia</h1>
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<hw>Dar`ling*to"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Named after Dr. William <ets>Darlington</ets>, a botanist of West Chester, Penn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of California pitcher plants consisting of a single species. The long tubular leaves are hooded at the top, and frequently contain many insects drowned in the secretion of the leaves.</def>

<h1>Darn</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Darn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Darned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Darning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>derne</ets>, prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets>darnio</ets> to piece, break in pieces, W. & Arm. to E. <ets>tear</ets>. Cf. <er>Tear</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To mend as a rent or hole, with interlacing stitches of yarn or thread by means of a needle; to sew together with yarn or thread.</def>

<blockquote>He spent every day ten hours in his closet, in <b>darning</b> his stockins.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Darning last</col>. <cd>See under <er>Last</er>.</cd> -- <col>Darning needle</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A long, strong needle for mending holes or rents, especially in stockings.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Any species of dragon fly, having a long, cylindrical body, resembling a needle. These flies are harmless and without stings. <note>[In this sense, usually written with a hyphen.]</note> Called also <altname>devil's darning-needle</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Darn</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Darn</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place mended by darning.</def>

<h1>Darn</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Darn</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>A colloquial euphemism for <er>Damn</er>.</def>

<h1>Darnel</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dar"nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>darnel</ets>, <ets>dernel</ets>, of uncertain origin; cf. dial. F. <ets>darnelle</ets>, Sw. <ets>d\'86r-repe</ets>; perh. named from a supposed intoxicating quality of the plant, and akin to Sw. <ets>d\'86ra</ets> to infatuate, OD. <ets>door</ets> foolish, G. <ets>thor</ets> fool, and Ee. <ets>dizzy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any grass of the genus <spn>Lolium</spn>, esp. the <spn>Lolium temulentum</spn> (bearded darnel), the grains of which have been reputed poisonous. Other species, as <spn>Lolium perenne</spn> (rye grass or ray grass), and its variety <spn>L. Italicum</spn> (Italian rye grass), are highly esteemed for pasture and for making hay.</def>

<note>&hand; Under <i>darnel</i> our early herbalists comprehended all kinds of cornfield weeds.</note>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Darner</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Darn"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who mends by darning.</def>

<h1>Darnex, Darnic</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw><hw>Dar"nex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dar"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Dornick</er>.</def>

<h1>Daroo</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Da*roo"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The Egyptian sycamore (<spn>Ficus Sycamorus</spn>). See <er>Sycamore</er>.</def>

<h1>Darr</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Darr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European black tern.</def>

<h1>Darraign, Darrain</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw><hw>Dar"raign</hw>, <hw>Dar"rain</hw>,<hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>deraisnier</ets> to explain, defend, to maintain in legal action by proof and reasonings, LL. <ets>derationare</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>rationare</ets> to discourse, contend in law, fr. L. <ets>ratio</ets> reason, in LL., legal cause. Cf. <er>Arraign</er>, and see <er>Reason</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make ready to fight; to array.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Darrain</b> your battle, for they are at hand.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fight out; to contest; to decide by combat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>darrain</i> the battle."

<i>Chaucer .</i>

<h1>Darrein</h1>
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<hw>Dar"rein</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>darrein</ets>, <ets>darrain</ets>, fr. an assumed LL. <ets>deretranus</ets>; L. <ets>de</ets> + <ets>retro</ets> back, backward.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Last; <as>as, <ex>darrein</ex> continuance, the last continuance</as>.</def>

<h1>Dart</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dart</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>dart</ets>, of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>tart</ets> javelin, dart, AS. <ets>dara<?/</ets>, <ets>daro<?/</ets>, Sw. <ets>dart</ets> dagger, Icel. <ets>darra<?/r</ets> dart.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pointed missile weapon, intended to be thrown by the hand; a short lance; a javelin; hence, any sharp-pointed missile weapon, as an arrow.</def>

<blockquote>And he [Joab] took three <b>darts</b> in his hand, and thrust them through the heart of Absalom.
<i>2 Sa. xviii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything resembling a dart; anything that pierces or wounds like a dart.</def>

<blockquote>The artful inquiry, whose venomed <b>dart</b>
Scarce wounds the hearing while it stabs the heart.
<i>Hannan More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A spear set as a prize in running.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish; the dace. See <er>Dace</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Dart sac</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a sac connected with the reproductive organs of land snails, which contains a dart, or arrowlike structure.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dart</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dart</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Darted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Darting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw with a sudden effort or thrust, as a dart or other missile weapon; to hurl or launch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To throw suddenly or rapidly; to send forth; to emit; to shoot; <as>as, the sun <ex>darts</ex> forth his beams</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Or what ill eyes malignant glances <b>dart</b>?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dart</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dart</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fly or pass swiftly, as a dart.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To start and run with velocity; to shoot rapidly along; <as>as, the deer <ex>darted</ex> from the thicket</as>.</def>

<h1>Dartars</h1>
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<hw>Dar"tars</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>dartre</ets> eruption, dandruff. <?/240.]</ety> <def>A kind of scab or ulceration on the skin of lambs.</def>

<h1>Darter</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dart"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who darts, or who throw darts; that which darts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The snakebird, a water bird of the genus <spn>Plotus</spn>; -- so called because it darts out its long, snakelike neck at its prey. See <er>Snakebird</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fresh-water etheostomoid fish. The group includes numerous genera and species, all of them American. See <er>Etheostomoid</er>.</def>

<h1>Dartingly</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dart"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Like a dart; rapidly.</def>

<h1>Dartle</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dar"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To pierce or shoot through; to dart repeatedly: -- frequentative of <i>dart</i>.</def>

<blockquote>My star that <b>dartles</b> the red and the blue.
<i>R. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dartoic</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dar*to"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the dartos.</def>

<h1>Dartoid</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dar"toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dartos</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Like the dartos; dartoic; <as>as, <ex>dartoid</ex> tissue</as>.</def>

<h1>Dartos</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dar"tos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> flayed.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A thin layer of peculiar contractile tissue directly beneath the skin of the scrotum.</def>

<h1>Dartrous</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dar"trous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>dartreux</ets>. See <er>Dartars</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or partaking of the nature of, the disease called tetter; herpetic.</def>

<cs><col>Dartroud diathesis</col>, <cd>A morbid condition of the system predisposing to the development of certain skin deseases, such as eczema, psoriasis, and pityriasis. Also called <i>rheumic diathesis<i>, and <i>hipretism<i>.</cd></cs>

<i>Piffard.</i>

<h1>Darwinian</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dar*win"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From the name of Charles <ets>Darwin</ets>, an English scientist.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Darwin; <as>as, the <ex>Darwinian</ex> theory, a theory of the manner and cause of the supposed development of living things from certain original forms or elements</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; This theory was put forth by Darwin in 1859 in a work entitled "The Origin of species by Means of Natural Selection." The author argues that, in the struggle for existence, those plants and creatures best fitted to the requirements of the situation in which they are placed are the ones that will live; in other words, that Nature selects those which are survive. This is the theory of <i>natural selection</i> or the <i>survival of the fillest</i>. He also argues that natural selection is capable of modifying and producing organisms fit for their circumstances. See <cref>Development theory</cref>, under <er>Development</er>.</note>

<h1>Darwinian</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dar*win"i*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An advocate of Darwinism.</def>

<h1>Darwinianism</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dar*win"i*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Darwinism.</def>

<h1>Darwinism</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dar"win*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The theory or doctrines put forth by Darwin. See above.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Dase</h1>
<Xpage=367>

<hw>Dase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Daze</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dasewe</h1>
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<hw>Dase"we</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dasewen</ets>, <ets>daswen</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>dysegian</ets> to be foolish.]</ety> <def>To become dim-sighted; to become dazed or dazzled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chauscer.</i>

<h1>Dash</h1>
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<hw>Dash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dashed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of. Scand. origin; cf. Dan <ets>daske</ets> to beat, strike, Sw. & Icel. <ets>daska</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>dask</ets> blow.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw with violence or haste; to cause to strike violently or hastily; -- often used with <i>against</i>.</def>

<blockquote>If you <b>dash</b> a stone against a stone in the botton of the water, it maketh a sound.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To break, as by throwing or by collision; to shatter; to crust; to frustrate; to ruin.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt <b>dash</b> them in pieces like a potter's vessel.
<i>Ps. ii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A brave vessel, . . .
<b>Dashed</b> all to pieces.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To perplex and <b>dash</b>
Maturest counsels.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To put to shame; to confound; to confuse; to abash; to depress.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote><b>Dash</b> the proud games<?/er in his gilded car.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To throw in or on in a rapid, careless manner; to mix, reduce, or adulterate, by throwing in something of an inferior quality; to overspread partially; to bespatter; to touch here and there; <as>as, to <ex>dash</ex> wine with water; to <ex>dash</ex> paint upon a picture.</as></def>

<blockquote>I take care to <b>dash</b> the character with such particular circumstance as may prevent ill-natured applications.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The very source and fount of day
Is <b>dashed</b> with wandering isles of night.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To form or sketch rapidly or carelessly; to execute rapidly, or with careless haste; -- with <i>off</i>; <as>as, to <ex>dash</ex> off a review or sermon</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To erase by a stroke; to strike out; knock out; -- with <i>out</i>; <as>as, to <ex>dash</ex> out a word</as>.</def>

<h1>Dash</h1>
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<hw>Dash</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To rust with violence; to move impetuously; to strike violently; <as>as, the waves <ex>dash</ex> upon rocks</as>.</def>

<blockquote>[He] <b>dashed</b> through thick and thin.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>On each hand the gushing waters play,
And down the rough cascade all <b>dashing</b> fall.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dash</h1>
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<hw>Dash</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Violent striking together of two bodies; collision; crash.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sudden check; abashment; frustration; ruin; <as>as, his hopes received a <ex>dash</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A slight admixture, infusion, or adulteration; a partial overspreading; <as>as, wine with a <ex>dash</ex> of water; red with a <ex>dash</ex> of purple.</as></def>

<blockquote>Innocence when it has in it a <b>dash</b> of folly.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A rapid movement, esp. one of short duration; a quick stroke or blow; a sudden onset or rush; <as>as, a bold <ex>dash</ex> at the enemy; a <ex>dash</ex> of rain.</as></def>

<blockquote>She takes upon her bravely at first <b>dash</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Energy in style or action; animation; spirit.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A vain show; a blustering parade; a flourish; <as>as, to make or cut a great <ex>dash</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Punctuation)</fld> <def>A mark or line [--], in writing or printing, denoting a sudden break, stop, or transition in a sentence, or an abrupt change in its construction, a long or significant pause, or an unexpected or epigrammatic turn of sentiment. Dashes are also sometimes used instead of marks or parenthesis.</def>

<i>John Wilson.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The sign of staccato, a small mark [<?/] denoting that the note over which it is placed is to be performed in a short, distinct manner</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The line drawn through a figure in the thorough bass, as a direction to raise the interval a semitone.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Racing)</fld> <def>A short, spirited effort or trial of speed upon a race course; -- used in horse racing, when a single trial constitutes the race.</def>

<h1>Dashboard</h1>
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<hw>Dash"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A board placed on the fore part of a carriage, sleigh, or other vechicle, to intercept water, mud, or snow, thrown up by the heels of the horses; -- in England commonly called <i>splashboard</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The float of a paddle wheel.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A screen at the bow af a steam launch to keep off the spray; -- called also <altname>sprayboard</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dasher</h1>
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<hw>Dash"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which dashes or agitates; <as>as, the <ex>dasher</ex> of a churn</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dashboard or splashboard.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who makes an ostentatious parade.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Dashing</h1>
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<hw>Dash"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bold; spirited; showy.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>dashing</b> and daring spirit is preferable to the listless.
<i>T. Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dashingly</h1>
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<hw>Dash"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Conspicuously; showily.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote> A <b>dashingly</b> dressed gentleman.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dashism</h1>
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<hw>Dash"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The character of making ostentatious or blustering parade or show.</def> <mark>[R. & Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>He must fight a duel before his claim to . . . <b>dashism</b> can be universally allowed.
<i>V. Knox.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dashpot</h1>
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<hw>Dash"pot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A pneumatic or hydraulic cushion for a falling weight, as in the valve gear of a steam engine, to prevent shock.</def>

<-- letters refer to illustration -->
<note>&hand; It consists of a chamber, containing air or a liquid, in which a piston (<it>a</it>), attached to the weight, falls freely until it enters a space (as below the openings, <it>b</it>) from which the air or liquid can escape but slowly (as through cock <it>c</it>), when its fall is gradually checked.</note>

<note>A cataract of an engine is sometimes called a <i>dashpot</i>.</note>

<h1>Dashy</h1>
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<hw>Dash"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Dash</er>.]</ety> <def>Calculated to arrest attention; ostentatiously fashionable; showy.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Dastard</h1>
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<hw>Das"tard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from Icel. <ets>d\'91str</ets> exhausted. breathless, p. p. of <ets>d\'91sa</ets> to groan, lose one's breath; cf. <ets>dasask</ets> to become exhausted, and E. <ets>daze</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who meanly shrinks from danger; an arrant coward; a poltroon.</def>

<blockquote>You are all recreants and <b>dashtards</b>, and delight to live in slavery to the nobility.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dastard</h1>
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<hw>Das"tard</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Meanly shrinking from danger; cowardly; dastardly.</def> "Their <i>dastard</i> souls."

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Dastard</h1>
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<hw>Das"tard</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dastardize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Dastardize</h1>
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<hw>Das"tard*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dastardized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dastardizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make cowardly; to intimidate; to dispirit; <as>as, to <ex>dastardize</ex> my courage</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Dastardliness</h1>
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<hw>Das"tard*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being dastardly; cowardice; base fear.</def>

<h1>Dastardly</h1>
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<hw>Das"tard*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Meanly timid; cowardly; base; <as>as, a <ex>dastardly</ex> outrage</as>.</def>

<h1>Dastardness</h1>
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<hw>Das"tard*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dastardliness.</def>

<h1>Dastardy</h1>
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<hw>Das"tard*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Base timidity; cowardliness.</def>

<h1>Daswe</h1>
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<hw>Das"we</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Dasewe</er></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dasymeter</h1>
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<hw>Da*sym"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> rough, thick + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for testing the density of gases, consisting of a thin glass globe, which is weighed in the gas or gases, and then in an atmosphere of known density.</def>

<h1>Dasyp\'91dal</h1>
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<hw>Das`y*p\'91"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Dasyp\'91dic.</def>

<h1>Dasyp\'91des</h1>
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<hw>Das`y*p\'91"des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <ets><?/</ets> hairy, shaggy + <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, a child.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Those birds whose young are covered with down when hatched.</def>

<h1>Dasyp\'91dic</h1>
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<hw>Das`y*p\'91"dic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Dasyp\'91des; ptilop\'91dic.</def>

<h1>Dasyure</h1>
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<hw>Das"y*ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> thick, shaggy + <ets><?/</ets> tail: cf. F. <ets>dasyure</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carnivorous marsupial quadruped of Australia, belonging to the genus <spn>Dasyurus</spn>. There are several species.</def>

<h1>Dasyurine</h1>
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<hw>Das`y*u"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or like, the dasyures.</def>

<h1>Data</h1>
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<hw>Da"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pl</ets>. of <ets>datum</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Datum</er>.</def>

<h1>Datable</h1>
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<hw>Dat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be dated; having a known or ascertainable date.</def> "<i>Datable</i> almost to a year."

<i>The Century.</i>

<h1>Dataria</h1>
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<hw>Da*ta"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., fr. L. <ets>datum</ets> given.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>Formerly, a part of the Roman chancery; now, a separate office from which are sent graces or favors, cognizable <i>in foro externo</i>, such as appointments to benefices. The name is derived from the word <i>datum</i>, given or dated (with the indications of the time and place of granting the gift or favor).</def>

<h1>Datary</h1>
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<hw>Da"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>datarius</ets>. See <er>Dataria</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>An officer in the pope's court, having charge of the Dataria.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The office or employment of a datary.</def>

<h1>Date</h1>
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<hw>Date</hw>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[F. <ets>datte</ets>, L. <ets>dactylus</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, prob. not the same word as <ets><?/</ets> finger, but of Semitic origin.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit of the date palm; also, the date palm itself.</def>

<note>&hand; This fruit is somewhat in the shape of an olive, containing a soft pulp, sweet, esculent, and wholesome, and inclosing a hard kernel.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Date palm</col>, &or; <col>Date tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the genus of palms which bear dates, of which common species is <spn>Ph\'d2nix dactylifera</spn>.</cd> See <spn>Illust</spn>. -- <col>Date plum</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the fruit of several species of <spn>Diospyros</spn>, including the American and Japanese persimmons, and the European lotus (<spn>D. Lotus</spn>).</cd> -- <mcol><col>Date shell</col>, &or; <col>Date fish</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bivalve shell, or its inhabitant, of the genus <spn>Pholas</spn>, and allied genera. See <er>Pholas</er>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="370">
Page 370<p>

<h1>Date</h1>
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<hw>Date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>date</ets>, LL. <ets>data</ets>, fr. L. <ets>datus</ets> given, p.p. of <ets>dare</ets> to give; akin to Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, OSlaw. <ets>dati</ets>, Skr. <ets>d\'be</ets>. Cf. <er>Datum</er>, <ets>Dose</ets>, <er>Dato</er>, <er>Die</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That addition to a writing, inscription, coin, etc., which specifies the time (as day, month, and year) when the writing or inscription was given, or executed, or made; <as>as, the <ex>date</ex> of a letter, of a will, of a deed, of a coin</as>. etc.</def>

<blockquote>And bonds without a <b>date</b>, they say, are void.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The point of time at which a transaction or event takes place, or is appointed to take place; a given point of time; epoch; <as>as, the <ex>date</ex> of a battle</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He at once,
Down the long series of eventful time,
So fixed the <b>dates</b> of being, so disposed
To every living soul of every kind
The field of motion, and the hour of rest.
<i>Akenside.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Assigned end; conclusion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>What Time would spare, from Steel receives its <b>date</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Given or assigned length of life; dyration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Good luck prolonged hath thy <b>date</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

Through his life's whole <b>date</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To bear date</col>, <cd>to have the date named on the face of it; -- said of a writing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Date</h1>
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<hw>Date</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dater</ets>. See 2d <er>Date</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To note the time of writing or executing; to express in an instrument the time of its execution; <as>as, to <ex>date</ex> a letter, a bond, a deed, or a charter</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To note or fix the time of, as of an event; to give the date of; <as>as, to <ex>date</ex> the building of the pyramids</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; We may say <i>dated at</i> or <i>from</i> a place.</note>

<blockquote>The letter is <b>dated</b> at Philadephia.
<i>G. T. Curtis.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You will be suprised, I don't question, to find among your correspondencies in foreign parts, a letter <b>dated from</b> Blois.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In the countries of his jornal seems to have been written; parts of it are <b>dated from</b> them.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Date</h1>
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<hw>Date</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To have beginning; to begin; to be dated or reckoned; -- with <i>from</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The Batavian republic <b>dates</b> from the successes of the French arms.
<i>E. Everett.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dateless</h1>
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<hw>Date"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without date; having no fixed time.</def>

<h1>Dater</h1>
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<hw>Dat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dates.</def>

<h1>Datiscin</h1>
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<hw>Da*tis"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline glucoside extracted from the bastard hemp (<spn>Datisca cannabina</spn>).</def>

<h1>Dative</h1>
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<hw>Da"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dativus</ets> appropriate to giving, fr. <ets>dare</ets> to give. See 2d <er>Date</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Noting the case of a noun which expresses the remoter object, and is generally indicated in English by <i>to</i> or <i>for</i> with the objective.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In one's gift; capable of being disposed of at will and pleasure, as an office.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Removable, as distinguished from perpetual; -- said of an officer.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Given by a magistrate, as distinguished from being cast upon a party by the law.</def>

<i>Burril. Bouvier.</i>

<cs><col>Dative executor</col>, <cd>one appointed by the judge of probate, his office answering to that of an administrator.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dative</h1>
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<hw>Da"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>The dative case. See <er>Dative</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <p><b>1.</b></def>

<h1>Datively</h1>
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<hw>Da"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>As a gift.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Datolite</h1>
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<hw>Dat"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to divide + <ets>-lite</ets>; in allusion to the granular structure of a massive variety.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A borosilicate of lime commonly occuring in glassy,, greenish crystals.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>datholite</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Datum</h1>
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<hw>Da"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Data</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See 2d <er>Date</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something given or admitted; a fact or principle granted; that upon which an inference or an argument is based; -- used chiefly in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>Any writer, therefore, who . . . furnishes us with <b>data</b> sufficient to determine the time in which he wrote.
<i>Priestley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The quantities or relations which are assumed to be given in any problem.</def>

<cs><col>Datum line</col> <fld>(Surv.)</fld>, <cd>the horizontal or base line, from which the heights of points are reckoned or measured, as in the plan of a railway, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Datura</h1>
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<hw>Da*tu"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.; cf. Skr. <ets>dhatt<?/ra</ets>, Per. & Ar. <ets>tat<?/ra</ets>, <ets>Tat<?/la</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of solanaceous plants, with large funnel-shaped flowers and a four-celled, capsular fruit.</def>

<note>&hand; The commonest species are the thorn apple (<spn>D. stramonium</spn>), with a prickly capsule (see <i>Illust</i>. of <er>capsule</er>), white flowers and green stem, and <spn>D. tatula</spn>, with a purplish tinge of the stem and flowers. Both are narcotic and dangerously poisonous.</note>

<h1>Daturine</h1>
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<hw>Da*tu"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Datura</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Atropine; -- called also <altname>daturia</altname> and <altname>daturina</altname>.</def>

<h1>Daub</h1>
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<hw>Daub</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Daubed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Daubing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>dauben</ets> to smear, OF. <ets>dauber</ets> to plaster, fr. L. <ets>dealbare</ets> to whitewash, plaster; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>albare</ets> to whiten, fr. <ets>albus</ets> white, perh. also confused with W. <ets>dwb</ets> plaster, <ets>dwbio</ets> to plaster, Ir. & OGael. <ets>dob</ets> plaster. See <er>Alb</er>, and cf. <er>Dealbate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To smear with soft, adhesive matter, as pitch, slime, mud, etc.; to plaster; to bedaub; to besmear.</def>

<blockquote>She took for him an ark of bulrushes, and <b>daubed</b> it with slime and with pitch.
<i>Ex. ii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To paint in a coarse or unskillful manner.</def>

<blockquote>If a picture is <b>daubed</b> with many bright and glaring colors, the vulgar admire it is an excellent piece.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A lame, imperfect piece, rudely <b>daubed</b> over.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cover with a specious or deceitful exterior; to disguise; to conceal.</def>

<blockquote>So smooth he <b>daubed</b> his vice with show of virtue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To flatter excessively or glossy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I can safely say, however, that, without any <b>daubing</b> at all,
I am very sincerely your very affectionate, humble servant.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To put on without taste; to deck gaudily.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Let him be <b>daubed</b> with lace.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Daub</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Daub</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To smear; to play the flatterer.</def>

<blockquote>His conscience . . . will not <b>daub</b> nor flatter.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Daub</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Daub</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A viscous, sticky application; a spot smeared or dabed; a smear.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>A picture coarsely executed.</def>

<blockquote>Did you . . . take a look at the grand picture? . . . 'T is a melancholy <b>daub</b>, my lord.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dauber</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Daub"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, daubs; especially, a coarse, unskillful painter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Copperplate Print.)</fld> <def>A pad or ball of rags, covered over with canvas, for inking plates; a dabber.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A low and gross flattere.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The mud wasp; the mud dauber.</def>

<h1>Daubery, &or; Daubry</h1>
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<hw><hw>Daub"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Daub"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A daubing; specious coloring; false pretenses.</def>

<blockquote>She works by charms, by spells, by the figure, and such <b>daubery</b> as this is.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Daubing</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Daub"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who daubs; that which is daubed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rough coat of mortar put upon a wall to give it the appearance of stone; rough-cast.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In currying, a mixture of fish oil and tallow worked into leather; -- called also <altname>dubbing</altname>.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Daubreelite</h1>
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<hw>Dau"bree*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Daubr\'82e</ets>, a French mineralogist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A sulphide of chromium observed in some meteoric irons.</def>

<h1>Dauby</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Daub"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Smeary; viscous; glutinous; adhesive.</def> "<i>Dauby</i> wax."

<h1>Daughter</h1>
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<hw>Daugh"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Daughters</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>; <i>obs. pl</i>. <plw>Daughtren</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>doughter</ets>, <ets>doghter</ets>, <ets>dohter</ets>, AS. <ets>dohtor</ets>, <ets>dohter</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>dohtar</ets>, D. <ets>dochter</ets>, G. <ets>tochter</ets>, Icel. <ets>d<?/tir</ets>, Sw. <ets>dotter</ets>, Dan. <ets>dotter</ets>, <ets>datter</ets>, Goth. <ets>da\'a3htar</ets>,, OSlav. <ets>d<?/shti</ets>, Russ. <ets>doche</ets>, Lith. <ets>dukt<?/</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, Zen<?/. <ets>dughdhar</ets>, Skr. <ets>duhit<?/</ets>; possibly originally, the milker, cf. Skr. <ets>duh</ets> to milk. &root;68, 245.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The female offspring of the human species; a female child of any age; -- applied also to the lower animals.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A female descendant; a woman.</def>

<blockquote>This woman, being a <b>daughter</b> of Abraham.
<i>Luke xiii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Dinah, the <b>daughter</b> of Leah, which she bare unto Jacob, went out to see the <b>daughter</b> of the land.
<i>Gen. xxxiv. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A son's wife; a daughter-in-law.</def>

<blockquote>And Naomi said, Turn again, my <b>daughters</b>.
<i>Ruth. i. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A term of adress indicating parental interest.</def>

<blockquote><b>Daughter</b>, be of good comfort.
<i>Matt. ix. 22.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Daughter cell</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>one of the cells formed by cell division. See <cref>Cell division</cref>, under <er>Division</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Daughter-in-law</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Daugh"ter-in-law`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.<tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Daughters-in-law</plw>.</plu> The wife of one's son.</def>

<h1>Daughterliness</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Daugh"ter*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of a daughter, or the conduct becoming a daughter.</def>

<h1>Daughterly</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Daugh"ter*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Becoming a daughter; filial.</def>

<blockquote>Sir Thomas liked her natural and dear <b>daughterly</b> affection towards him.
<i>Cavendish.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dauk</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Dauk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Dawk</er>, <i>v. t.</i>, to cut or gush.</def>

<h1>Daun</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Daun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A variant of <i>Dan</i>, a title of honor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Daunt</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Daunt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Daunted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Daunting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>danter</ets>, F. <ets>dompter</ets> to tame, subdue, fr. L. <ets>domitare</ets>, v. intens. of <ets>domare</ets> to tame. See <er>Tame</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To overcome; to conquer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To repress or subdue the courage of; to check by fear of danger; to cow; to intimidate; to dishearten.</def>

<blockquote>Some presences <b>daunt</b> and discourage us.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To dismay; appall. See <er>Dismay</er>.</syn>

<h1>Daunter</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Daunt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who daunts.</def>

<h1>Dauntless</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Daunt"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being daunted; undaunted; bold; fearless; intrepid.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dauntless</b> he rose, and to the fight returned.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Daunt"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Daunt"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dauphin</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Dau"phin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>dauphin</ets>, prop., a dolphin, from L. <ets>delphinus</ets>. See <er>Dolphin</er>. The name was given, for some reason unexplained, to Guigo, count of Vienne, in the 12th century, and was borne by succeeding counts of Vienne. In 1349, Dauphiny was bequeathed to Philippe de Valois, king of France, on condition that the heir of the crown should always hold the title of <ets>Dauphin</ets> de Viennois.]</ety> <def>The title of the eldest son of the king of France, and heir to the crown. Since the revolution of 1830, the title has been discontinued.</def>

<h1>Dauphiness, &or; Dauphine</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw><hw>Dau"phin*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Dau"phine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The title of the wife of the dauphin.</def>

<h1>Dauw</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Dauw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The striped quagga, or Burchell's zebra, of South Africa (<spn>Asinus Burchellii</spn>); -- called also <altname>peechi</altname>, or <altname>peetsi</altname>.</def>

<h1>Davenport</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Dav"en*port</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the name of the original maker. <i>Encyc. Dict</i>.]</ety> <def>A kind of small writing table, generally somewhat ornamental, and forming a piece of furniture for the parlor or boudoir.</def>

<blockquote>A much battered <b>davenport</b> in one of the windows, at which sat a lady writing.
<i>A. B. Edwards.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Davidic</h1>
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<hw>Da*vid"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to David, the king and psalmist of Israel, or to his family.</def>

<h1>Davit</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Dav"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>davier</ets> forceps, davit, cooper's instrument, G. <ets>david</ets> davit; all probably from the proper name <ets>David</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A spar formerly used on board of ships, as a crane to hoist the flukes of the anchor to the top of the bow, without injuring the sides of the ship; -- called also the <altname>fish davit</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Curved arms of timber or iron, projecting over a ship's side of stern, having tackle to raise or lower a boat, swing it in on deck, rig it out for lowering, etc.; -- called also <altname>boat davits</altname>.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Davy Jones</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Da"vy Jones"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The spirit of the sea; sea devil; -- a term used by sailors.</def>

<blockquote>This same <b>Davy Jones</b>, according to the mythology of sailors, is the fiend that presides over all the evil spirits of the deep, and is seen in various shapes warning the devoted wretch of death and woe.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Davy Jones's Locker</col>, <cd>the ocean, or bottom of the ocean.</cd> -- <col>Gone to Davy Jones's Locker</col>, <cd>dead, and buried in the sea; thrown overboard.</cd></cs>

<h1>Davy lamp</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Da"vy lamp`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <cref>Safety lamp</cref>, under <er>Lamp</er>.</def>

<h1>Davyne</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Da"vyne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Davyum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of nephelite from Vesuvius.</def>

<h1>Davyum</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Da"vy*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after Sir Humphry <ets>Davy</ets>, the English chemist.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare metallic element found in platinum ore. It is a white malleable substance. Symbol Da. Atomic weight 154.</def><-- ? Europium is 152(the closest)? -->

<h1>Daw</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Daw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dawe</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>t\'beha</ets>, MHG. <ets>t\'behe</ets>, <ets>t\'behele</ets>, G. <ets>dohle</ets>. Cf. <er>Caddow</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European bird of the Crow family (<spn>Corvus monedula</spn>), often nesting in church towers and ruins; a jackdaw.</def>

<blockquote>The loud <b>daw</b>, his throat
displaying, draw
The whole assembly of his fellow <b>daws</b>.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The <i>daw</i> was reckoned as a silly bird, and a <i>daw</i> meant a simpleton. See in Shakespeare: -- "Then thou dwellest with <i>daws</i> too." (<i>Coriolanus iv. 5, 1. 47.</i>)
<i>Skeat.</i></note>

<h1>Daw</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Daw</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dawen</ets>. See <er>Dawn</er>.]</ety> <def>To dawn. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See Dawn.</def>

<h1>Daw</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Daw</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Contr. fr. <er>Adaw</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To daunt; to terrify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Dawdle</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Daw"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dawdled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dawdling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Daddle</er>.]</ety> <def>To waste time in trifling employment; to trifle; to saunter.</def>

<blockquote>Come some evening and <b>dawdle</b> over a dish of tea with me.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We . . . <b>dawdle</b> up and down Pall Mall.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dawdle</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Daw"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To waste by trifling; <as>as, to <ex>dawdle</ex> away a whole morning</as>.</def>

<h1>Dawdle</h1>
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<hw>Daw"dle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dawdler.</def>

<i>Colman & Carrick.</i>

<h1>Dawdler</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Daw"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who wastes time in trifling employments; an idler; a trifler.</def>

<h1>Dawe</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Dawe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Day</er>.]</ety> <def>Day.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dawish</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Daw"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a daw.</def>

<h1>Dawk</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Dawk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Dak</er>.</def>

<h1>Dawk</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Dawk</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>dauk</ets> to cut or pierce with a jerk; cf. OE. <ets>dalk</ets> a dimple. Cf. Ir. <ets>tolch</ets>, <ets>tollachd</ets>, <ets>tolladh</ets>, a hole, crevice, <ets>toll</ets> to bore, pierce, W. <ets>tyllu</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cut or mark with an incision; to gash.</def>

<i>Moxon.</i>

<h1>Dawk</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Dawk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hollow, crack, or cut, in timber.</def>

<i>Moxon.</i>

<h1>Dawn</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Dawn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dawned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dawning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>dawnen</ets>, <ets>dawen</ets>, <ets>dagen</ets>, <ets>daien</ets>, AS. <ets>dagian</ets> to become day, to dawn, fr. <ets>d\'91g</ets> day; akin to D. <ets>dagen</ets>, G. <ets>tagen</ets>, Icel. <ets>daga</ets>, Dan. <ets>dages</ets>, Sw. <ets>dagas</ets>. See <er>Day</er>. <?/71.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To begin to grow light in the morning; to grow light; to break, or begin to appear; <as>as, the day <ex>dawns</ex>; the morning <ex>dawns</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>In the end of the Sabbath, as it began to <b>dawn</b> toward the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalene . . . to see the sepulcher.
<i>Matt. xxviii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To began to give promise; to begin to appear or to expand.</def> "In <i>dawning</i> youth."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>When life awakes, and <b>dawns</b> at every line.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Dawn</b> on our darkness and lend us thine aid.
<i>Heber,</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dawn</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Dawn</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The break of day; the first appeareance of light in the morning; show of approaching sunrise.</def>

<blockquote>And oft at <b>dawn</b>, deep noon, or falling eve.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No sun, no moon, no morn, no noon,
No <b>dawn</b>, no dusk, no proper time of day.
<i>Hood.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>First opening or expansion; first appearance; beginning; rise.</def> "The <i>dawn</i> of time."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<blockquote>These tender circumstances diffuse a <b>dawn</b> of serenity over the soul.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dawsonite</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Daw"son*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after J. W. <ets>Dawson</ets> of Montreal.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous carbonate of alumina and soda, occuring in white, bladed crustals.</def>

<h1>Day</h1>
<Xpage=370>

<hw>Day</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>day</ets>, <ets>dai</ets>,, <ets>dei</ets>, AS. <ets>d\'91g</ets>; akin to OS., D., Dan., & Sw. <ets>dag</ets>, G, <ets>tag</ets>, Icel. <ets>dagr</ets>, Goth. <ets>dags</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>dah</ets> (for <ets>dhagh</ets> ?) to burn. \'fb69. Cf. <er>Dawn</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The time of light, or interval between one night and the next; the time between sunrise and sunset, or from dawn to darkness; hence, the light; sunshine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The period of the earth's revolution on its axis. -- ordinarily divided into twenty-four hours. It is measured by the interval between two successive transits of a celestial body over the same meridian, and takes a specific name from that of the body. Thus, if this is the sun, the day (the interval between two successive transits of the sun's center over the same meridian) is called a <stype>solar day</stype>; if it is a star, a <stype>sidereal day</stype>; if it is the moon, a <stype>lunar day</stype>.  See <cref>Civil day</cref>, <cref>Sidereal day</cref>, below.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Those hours, or the daily recurring period, allotted by usage or law for work.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A specified time or period; time, considered with reference to the existence or prominence of a person or thing; age; time.</def>

<blockquote>A man who was great among the Hellenes of his <b>day</b>.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. )</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If my debtors do not keep their <b>day</b>, . . .
I must with patience all the terms attend.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>(Preceded by <i>the</i>) Some day in particular, as some day of contest, some anniversary, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The field of Agincourt,
Fought on the <b>day</b> of Crispin Crispianus.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His name struck fear, his conduct won the <b>day</b>.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Day</i> is much used in self-explaining compounds; as, <i>day</i>break, <i>day</i>light, work<i>day</i>, etc.</note>

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<cs><col>Anniversary day</col>. <cd>See <er>Anniversary</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Astronomical day</col>, <cd>a period equal to the mean solar day, but beginning at noon instead of at midnight, its twenty-four hours being numbered from 1 to 24; also, the sidereal day, as that most used by astronomers.</cd> -- <col>Born days</col>. <cd>See under <er>Born</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canicular days</col>. <cd>See <er>Dog day</er>.</cd> -- <col>Civil day</col>, <cd>the mean solar day, used in the ordinary reckoning of time, and among most modern nations beginning at mean midnight; its hours are usually numbered in two series, each from 1 to 12. This is the period recognized by courts as constituting a day. The Babylonians and Hindoos began their day at sunrise, the Athenians and Jews at sunset, the ancient Egyptians and Romans at midnight.</cd> -- <col>Day blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Nyctalopia</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Day by day</col>, &or; <col>Day after day</col></mcol>, <cd>daily; every day; continually; without intermission of a day. See under <er>By</er>. "<i>Day by day<i> we magnify thee." <i>Book of Common Prayer</i>.</cd> -- <col>Days in bank</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>certain stated days for the return of writs and the appearance of parties; -- so called because originally peculiar to the Court of Common Bench, or Bench (<i>bank<i>) as it was formerly termed. <i>Burrill</i>.</cd> -- <col>Day in court</col>, <cd>a day for the appearance of parties in a suit.</cd> -- <col>Days of devotion</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>certain festivals on which devotion leads the faithful to attend mass. <i>Shipley</i>.</cd> -- <col>Days of grace</col>. <cd>See <er>Grace</er>.</cd> -- <col>Days of obligation</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>festival days when it is obligatory on the faithful to attend Mass. <i>Shipley</i>.</cd> -- <col>Day owl</col>, <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an owl that flies by day. See <er>Hawk owl</er>.</cd> -- <col>Day rule</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>an order of court (now abolished) allowing a prisoner, under certain circumstances, to go beyond the prison limits for a single day.</cd> -- <col>Day school</col>, <cd>one which the pupils attend only in daytime, in distinction from a boarding school.</cd> -- <col>Day sight</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Hemeralopia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Day's work</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the account or reckoning of a ship's course for twenty-four hours, from noon to noon.</cd> -- <col>From day to day</col>, <cd>as time passes; in the course of time; as, he improves <i>from day to day<i>.</cd> -- <col>Jewish day</col>, <cd>the time between sunset and sunset.</cd> -- <col>Mean solar day</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the mean or average of all the apparent solar days of the year.</cd> -- <mcol><col>One day</col>, <col>One of these days</col></mcol>, <cd>at an uncertain time, usually of the future, rarely of the past; sooner or later. "Well, niece, I hope to see you <i>one day<i> fitted with a husband." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Only from day to day</col>, <cd>without certainty of continuance; temporarily. <i>Bacon</i>.</cd> -- <col>Sidereal day</col>, <cd>the interval between two successive transits of the first point of Aries over the same meridian. The <i>Sidereal day<i> is 23 h. 56 m. 4.09 s. of mean solar time.</cd> -- <col>To win the day</col>, <cd>to gain the victory, to be successful. <i>S. Butler</i>.</cd> -- <col>Week day</col>, <cd>any day of the week except Sunday; a working day.</cd> -- <col>Working day</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A day when work may be legally done, in distinction from Sundays and legal holidays.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The number of hours, determined by law or custom, during which a workman, hired at a stated price per day, must work to be entitled to a day's pay.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dayaks</h1>
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<hw>Day"aks</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dyaks</er>.</def>

<h1>Daybook</h1>
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<hw>Day"book</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A journal of accounts; a primary record book in which are recorded the debts and credits, or accounts of the day, in their order, and from which they are transferred to the journal.</def>

<h1>Daybreak</h1>
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<hw>Day"break`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The time of the first appearance of light in the morning.</def>

<h1>Day-coal</h1>
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<hw>Day"-coal`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The upper stratum of coal, as nearest the light or surface.</def>

<h1>Daydream</h1>
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<hw>Day"dream`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A vain fancy speculation; a reverie; a castle in the air; unfounded hope.</def>

<blockquote>Mrs. Lambert's little <b>daydream</b> was over.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Daydreamer</h1>
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<hw>Day"dream`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One given to draydreams.</def>

<h1>Dayflower</h1>
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<hw>Day"flow`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus consisting mostly of tropical perennial herbs (<spn>Commelina</spn>), having ephemeral flowers.</def>

<h1>Dayfly</h1>
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<hw>Day"fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A neuropterous insect of the genus <spn>Ephemera</spn> and related genera, of many species, and inhabiting fresh water in the larval state; the ephemeral fly; -- so called because it commonly lives but one day in the winged or adult state. See <cref>Ephemeral fly</cref>, under <er>Ephemeral</er>.</def><-- the Mayfly? = ephemerid of order ephemeroptera -->

<h1>Day-labor</h1>
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<hw>Day"-la`bor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Labor hired or performed by the day.</def>
<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Day-laborer</h1>
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<hw>Day"-la`bor*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who works by the day; -- usually applied to a farm laborer, or to a workman who does not work at any particular trade.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Daylight</h1>
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<hw>Day"light`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The light of day as opposed to the darkness of night; the light of the sun, as opposed to that of the moon or to artificial light.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The eyes.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Day lily</h1>
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<hw>Day" lil`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genus of plants (<spn>Hemerocallis</spn>) closely resembling true lilies, but having tuberous rootstocks instead of bulbs. The common species have long narrow leaves and either yellow or tawny-orange flowers.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of plants (<spn>Funkia</spn>) differing from the last in having ovate veiny leaves, and large white or blue flowers.</def>

<h1>Daymaid</h1>
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<hw>Day"maid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dairymaid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Daymare</h1>
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<hw>Day"mare`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Day</ets> + <ets>mare</ets> incubus.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of incubus which occurs during wakefulness, attended by the peculiar pressure on the chest which characterizes nightmare.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Day-net</h1>
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<hw>Day"-net`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A net for catching small birds.</def>

<h1>Day-peep</h1>
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<hw>Day"-peep`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The dawn.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Daysman</h1>
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<hw>Days"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>day</ets> in the sense of <ets>day fixed for trial</ets>.]</ety> <def>An umpire or arbiter; a mediator.</def>

<blockquote>Neither is there any <b>daysman</b> betwixt us.
<i>Job ix. 33.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dayspring</h1>
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<hw>Day"spring</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The beginning of the day, or first appearance of light; the dawn; hence, the beginning.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The tender mercy of our God; whereby the <b>dayspring</b> from on high hath visited us.
<i>Luke i. 78.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Day-star</h1>
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<hw>Day"-star`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The morning star; the star which ushers in the day.</def>

<blockquote>A dark place, until the day dawn, and the <b>day-star</b> arise in your hearts.
<i>2 Peter i. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sun, as the orb of day.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>So sinks the <b>day-star</b> in the ocean bed,
And yet anon repairs his drooping head,
And tricks his beams, and with new-spangled ore Flames in the forehead of the morning sky.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Daytime</h1>
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<hw>Day"time`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The time during which there is daylight, as distinguished from the night.</def>

<h1>Daywoman</h1>
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<hw>Day"wom`an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dairymaid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Daze</h1>
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<hw>Daze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dazed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dazing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>dasen</ets>, prob. from Icel. <ets>dasask</ets> to become weary, a reflexive verb; cf. Sw. <ets>dasa</ets> to lie idle, and OD. <ets>daesen</ets> to be foolish, insane, <ets>daes</ets>, <ets>dwaes</ets>, D. <ets>dwaas</ets>, foolish, insane, AS. <ets>dw<?/s</ets>, <ets>dysig</ets>, stupid. <?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Dizzy</er>, <er>Doze</er>.]</ety> <def>To stupefy with excess of light; with a blow, with cold, or with fear; to confuse; to benumb.</def>

<blockquote>While flashing beams do <b>daze</b> his feeble eyen.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Such souls,
Whose sudden visitations <b>daze</b> the world.
<i>Sir H. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He comes out of the room in a <b>dazed</b> state, that is an odd though a sufficient substitute for interest.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Daze</h1>
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<hw>Daze</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being dazed; <as>as, he was in a <ex>daze</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A glittering stone.</def>

<h1>Dazzle</h1>
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<hw>Daz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dazzled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dazzling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>daze</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To overpower with light; to confuse the sight of by brilliance of light.</def>

<blockquote>Those heavenly shapes
Will <b>dazzle</b> now the earthly, with their blaze
Insufferably bright.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An unreflected light did never yet
<b>Dazzle</b> the vision feminine.
<i>Sir H. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bewilder or surprise with brilliancy or display of any kind.</def> "<i>Dazzled</i> and drove back his enemies."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dazzle</h1>
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<hw>Daz"zle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be overpoweringly or intensely bright; to excite admiration by brilliancy.</def>

<blockquote>Ah, friend! to <b>dazzle</b>, let the vain design.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be overpowered by light; to be confused by excess of brightness.</def>

<blockquote>An overlight maketh the eyes <b>dazzle</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I dare not trust these eyes;
They dance in mists, and <b>dazzle</b> with surprise.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dazzle</h1>
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<hw>Daz"zle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A light of dazzling brilliancy.</def>

<h1>Dazzlement</h1>
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<hw>Daz"zle*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dazzling flash, glare, or burst of light.</def>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Dazzlingly</h1>
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<hw>Daz"zling*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dazzling manner.</def>

<h1>De-</h1>
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<hw>De-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A prefix from Latin <i>de</i> down, from, away; as in <i>de</i>bark, <i>de</i>cline, <i>de</i>cease, <i>de</i>duct, <i>de</i>camp. In words from the French it is equivalent to Latin <i>dis</i>- apart, away; or sometimes to <i>de</i>. Cf. <er>Dis-</er>. It is negative and opposite in <i>de</i>range, <i>de</i>form, <i>de</i>stroy, etc. It is intensive in <i>de</i>prave, <i>de</i>spoil, <i>de</i>clare, <i>de</i>solate, etc.</def>

<h1>Deacon</h1>
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<hw>Dea"con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>diakne</ets>, <ets>deakne</ets>, <ets>deken</ets>, AS. <ets>diacon</ets>, <ets>deacon</ets>, L. <ets>diaconus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a servant or minister, a minister of the church; of uncertain origin. In sense 2 prob. confused with <ets>dean</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An officer in Christian churches appointed to perform certain subordinate duties varying in different communions. In the Roman Catholic and Episcopal churches, a person admitted to the lowest order in the ministry, subordinate to the bishops and priests. In Presbyterian churches, he is subordinate to the minister and elders, and has charge of certain duties connected with the communion service and the care of the poor. In Congregational churches, he is subordinate to the pastor, and has duties as in the Presbyterian church.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The chairman of an incorporated company.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Deacon</h1>
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<hw>Dea"con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To read aloud each line of (a psalm or hymn) before singing it, -- usually with <i>off</i>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. New. Eng.]</mark> See <er>Line</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<note>&hand; The expression is derived from a former custom in the Congregational churches of New England. It was part of the office of a deacon to read aloud the psalm given out, one line at a time, the congregation singing each line as soon as read; -- called, also, <i>lining out the psalm</i>.</note>

<h1>Deaconess</h1>
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<hw>Dea"con*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A female deacon</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Primitive Ch.)</fld> <def>One of an order of women whose duties resembled those of deacons.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Ch. of Eng. and Prot. Epis. Ch.)</fld> <def>A woman set apart for church work by a bishop.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A woman chosen as a helper in church work, as among the Congregationalists.</def>

<h1>Deaconhood</h1>
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<hw>Dea"con*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a deacon; office of a deacon; deaconship.</def>

<h1>Deaconry</h1>
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<hw>Dea"con*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Deaconship</er>.</def>

<h1>Deaconship</h1>
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<hw>Dea"con*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or ministry of a deacon or deaconess.</def>

<h1>Dead</h1>
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<hw>Dead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ded</ets>, <ets>dead</ets>, <ets>deed</ets>, AS. <ets>de\'a0d</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>d<?/d</ets>, D. <ets>dood</ets>, G. <ets>todt</ets>, <ets>tot</ets>, Icel. <ets>dau<?/r</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>d\'94d</ets>, Goth. <ets>daubs</ets>; prop. p. p. of an old verb meaning <ets>to die</ets>. See <er>Die</er>, and cf. <er>Death</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Deprived of life; -- opposed to <i>alive</i> and <i>living</i>; reduced to that state of a being in which the organs of motion and life have irrevocably ceased to perform their functions; <as>as, a <ex>dead</ex> tree; a <ex>dead</ex> man.</as></def> "The queen, my lord, is <i>dead</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The crew, all except himself, were <b>dead</b> of hunger.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Seek him with candle, bring him <b>dead</b> or living.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destitute of life; inanimate; <as>as, <ex>dead</ex> matter</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Resembling death in appearance or quality; without show of life; deathlike; <as>as, a <ex>dead</ex> sleep</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Still as death; motionless; inactive; useless; <as>as, <ex>dead</ex> calm; a <ex>dead</ex> load or weight.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>So constructed as not to transmit sound; soundless; <as>as, a <ex>dead</ex> floor</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Unproductive; bringing no gain; unprofitable; <as>as, <ex>dead</ex> capital; <ex>dead</ex> stock in trade.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Lacking spirit; dull; lusterless; cheerless; <as>as, <ex>dead</ex> eye; <ex>dead</ex> fire; <ex>dead</ex> color, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Monotonous or unvaried; <as>as, a <ex>dead</ex> level or pain; a <ex>dead</ex> wall.</as></def> "The ground is a <i>dead</i> flat."

<i>C. Reade.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Sure as death; unerring; fixed; complete; <as>as, a <ex>dead</ex> shot; a <ex>dead</ex> certainty.</as></def>

<blockquote>I had them a <b>dead</b> bargain.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Bringing death; deadly.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Wanting in religious spirit and vitality; <as>as, <ex>dead</ex> faith; <ex>dead</ex> works.</as></def> "<i>Dead</i> in trespasses."

<i>Eph. ii. 1.</i>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Flat; without gloss; -- said of painting which has been applied purposely to have this effect.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not brilliant; not rich; <as>thus, brown is a <ex>dead</ex> color, as compared with crimson</as>.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Cut off from the rights of a citizen; deprived of the power of enjoying the rights of property; <as>as, one banished or becoming a monk is civilly <ex>dead</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>14.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>Not imparting motion or power; <as>as, the <ex>dead</ex> spindle of a lathe, etc.</as>  See <er>Spindle</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Dead ahead</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>directly ahead; -- said of a ship or any object, esp. of the wind when blowing from that point toward which a vessel would go.</cd> -- <col>Dead angle</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>an angle or space which can not be seen or defended from behind the parapet.</cd> -- <col>Dead block</col>, <cd>either of two wooden or iron blocks intended to serve instead of buffers at the end of a freight car.</cd> -- <col>Dead calm</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>no wind at all.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Dead center</col>, &or; <col>Dead point</col></mcol> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>either of two points in the orbit of a crank, at which the crank and connecting rod lie a straight line. It corresponds to the end of a stroke; as, <it>A<it> and <it>B<it> are <i>dead centers<i> of the crank mechanism in which the crank <it>C<it> drives, or is driven by, the lever <it>L<it>.</cd> -- <col>Dead color</col> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>, <cd>a color which has no gloss upon it.</cd> -- <col>Dead coloring</col> <fld>(Oil paint.)</fld>, <cd>the layer of colors, the preparation for what is to follow. In modern painting this is usually in monochrome.</cd> -- <col>Dead door</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>a storm shutter fitted to the outside of the quarter-gallery door.</cd> -- <col>Dead flat</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the widest or midship frame.</cd> -- <col>Dead freight</col> <fld>(Mar. Law)</fld>, <cd>a sum of money paid by a person who charters a whole vessel but fails to make out a full cargo. The payment is made for the unoccupied capacity. <i>Abbott</i>.</cd> -- <col>Dead ground</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>the portion of a vein in which there is no ore.</cd> -- <col>Dead hand</col>, <cd>a hand that can not alienate, as of a person civilly dead. "Serfs held in <i>dead hand<i>." <i>Morley</i>. See <er>Mortmain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dead head</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a rough block of wood used as an anchor buoy.</cd> -- <col>Dead heat</col>, <cd>a heat or course between two or more race horses, boats, etc., in which they come out exactly equal, so that neither wins.</cd> -- <col>Dead horse</col>, an expression applied to a debt for wages paid in advance. <mark>[Law]</mark> -- <col>Dead language</col></mcol>, <cd>a language which is no longer spoken or in common use by a people, and is known only in writings, as the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin.</cd> -- <col>Dead letter</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A letter which, after lying for a certain fixed time uncalled for at the post office to which it was directed, is then sent to the general post office to be opened.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>That which has lost its force or authority; as, the law has become a <i>dead letter<i>.</cd> -- <col>Dead-letter office</col>, <cd>a department of the general post office where dead letters are examined and disposed of.</cd> -- <col>Dead level</col>, <cd>a term applied to a flat country.</cd> -- <col>Dead lift</col>, <cd>a direct lift, without assistance from mechanical advantage, as from levers, pulleys, etc.; hence, an extreme emergency. "(As we say) at a <i>dead lift<i>." <i>Robynson</i> (<i>More's Utopia</i>).</cd> -- <col>Dead line</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a line drawn within or around a military prison, to cross which involves for a prisoner the penalty of being instantly shot.</cd> -- <col>Dead load</col> <fld>(Civil Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a constant, motionless load, as the weight of a structure, in distinction from a moving load, as a train of cars, or a variable pressure, as of wind.</cd> -- <col>Dead march</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a piece of solemn music intended to be played as an accompaniment to a funeral procession.</cd> -- <col>Dead nettle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a harmless plant with leaves like a nettle (<spn>Lamium album</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Dead oil</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the heavy oil obtained in the distillation of coal tar, and containing phenol, naphthalus, etc.</cd> -- <col>Dead plate</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a solid covering over a part of a fire grate, to prevent the entrance of air through that part.</cd> -- <col>Dead pledge</col>, <cd>a mortgage. See <er>Mortgage</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dead point</col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Dead center</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Dead reckoning</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the method of determining the place of a ship from a record kept of the courses sailed as given by compass, and the distance made on each course as found by log, with allowance for leeway, etc., without the aid of celestial observations.</cd> -- <col>Dead rise</col>, <cd>the transverse upward curvature of a vessel's floor.</cd> -- <col>Dead rising</col>, <cd>an elliptical line drawn on the sheer plan to determine the sweep of the floorheads throughout the ship's length.</cd> -- <col>Dead-Sea apple</col>. <cd>See under <er>Apple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dead set</col>. <cd>See under <er>Set</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dead shot</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An unerring marksman.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A shot certain to be made.</cd> -- <col>Dead smooth</col>, <cd>the finest cut made; -- said of files.</cd> -- <col>Dead wall</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a blank wall unbroken by windows or other openings.</cd> -- <col>Dead water</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the eddy water closing in under a ship's stern when sailing.</cd> -- <col>Dead weight</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A heavy or oppressive burden. <i>Dryden</i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Shipping)</fld> <cd>A ship's lading, when it consists of heavy goods; or, the heaviest part of a ship's cargo.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <cd>The weight of rolling stock, the live weight being the load. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Dead wind</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a wind directly ahead, or opposed to the ship's course.</cd> -- <col>To be dead</col>, <cd>to die. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote>I deme thee, thou must algate be <b>dead</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Inanimate; deceased; extinct. See <er>Lifeless</er>.</syn>

<h1>Dead</h1>
<Xpage=371>

<hw>Dead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>To a degree resembling death; to the last degree; completely; wholly.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>I was tired of reading, and <b>dead</b> sleepy.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Dead drunk</col>, <cd>so drunk as to be unconscious.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dead</h1>
<Xpage=371>

<hw>Dead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The most quiet or deathlike time; the period of profoundest repose, inertness, or gloom; <as>as, the <ex>dead</ex> of winter</as>.</def>

<blockquote>When the drum beat at <b>dead</b> of night.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is dead; -- commonly used collectively.</def>

<blockquote>And Abraham stood up from before his <b>dead</b>.
<i>Gen. xxiii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dead</h1>
<Xpage=371>

<hw>Dead</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make dead; to deaden; to deprive of life, force, or vigor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Heaven's stern decree,
With many an ill, hath numbed and <b>deaded</b> me.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dead</h1>
<Xpage=371>

<hw>Dead</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To die; to lose life or force.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So iron, as soon as it is out of the fire, <b>deadeth</b> straightway.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dead beat</h1>
<Xpage=371>

<hw>Dead` beat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Beat</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 7.</def> <mark>[Low, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Deadbeat</h1>
<Xpage=371>

<hw>Dead"beat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Making a beat without recoil; giving indications by a single beat or excursion; -- said of galvanometers and other instruments in which the needle or index moves to the extent of its deflection and stops with little or no further oscillation.</def>

<cs><col>Deadbeat escapement</col>. <cd>See under <er>Escapement</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Deadborn</h1>
<Xpage=371>

<hw>Dead"born`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Stillborn.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Deaden</h1>
<Xpage=371>

<hw>Dead"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deadened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deadening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Dead</er>; cf. AS. <ets>d<?/dan</ets> to kill, put to death. See <er>Dead</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make as dead; to impair in vigor, force, activity, or sensation; to lessen the force or acuteness of; to blunt; <as>as, to <ex>deaden</ex> the natural powers or feelings; to <ex>deaden</ex> a sound.</as></def>

<hr>
<page="372">
Page 372<p>

<blockquote>As harper lays his open palm
Upon his harp, to <b>deaden</b> its vibrations.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lessen the velocity or momentum of; to retard; <as>as, to <ex>deaden</ex> a ship's headway</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make vapid or spiritless; <as>as, to <ex>deaden</ex> wine</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To deprive of gloss or brilliancy; to obscure; <as>as, to <ex>deaden</ex> gilding by a coat of size</as>.</def>

<h1>Deadener</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dead"en*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, deadens or checks.</def>

<h1>Dead-eye</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dead"-eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A round, flattish, wooden block, encircled by a rope, or an iron band, and pierced with three holes to receive the lanyard; -- used to extend the shrouds and stays, and for other purposes. Called also <altname>deadman's eye</altname>.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Deadhead</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dead"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who receives free tickets for theaters, public conveyances, etc.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A buoy. See under <er>Dead</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Deadhearted</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dead"*heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a dull, faint heart; spiritless; listless.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dead"*heart`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Deadhouse</h1>
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<hw>Dead"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A morgue; a place for the temporary reception and exposure of dead bodies.</def>

<h1>Deadish</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dead"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat dead, dull, or lifeless; deathlike.</def>

<blockquote>The lips put on a <b>deadish</b> paleness.
<i>A. Stafford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deadlatch</h1>
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<hw>Dead"latch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of latch whose bolt may be so locked by a detent that it can not be opened from the inside by the handle, or from the outside by the latch key.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Deadlight</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dead"light`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A strong shutter, made to fit open ports and keep out water in a storm.</def>

<h1>Deadlihood</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dead"li*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of the dead.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Deadliness</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dead"li*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being deadly.</def>

<h1>Deadlock</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dead"lock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A lock which is not self-latching, but requires a key to throw the bolt forward.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A counteraction of things, which produces an entire stoppage; a complete obstruction of action.</def>

<blockquote>Things are at a <b>deadlock</b>.
<i>London Times.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Board is much more likely to be at a <b>deadlock</b> of two to two.
<i>The Century.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deadly</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dead"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of causing death; mortal; fatal; destructive; certain or likely to cause death; <as>as, a <ex>deadly</ex> blow or wound</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Aiming or willing to destroy; implacable; desperately hostile; flagitious; <as>as, <ex>deadly</ex> enemies</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thy assailant is quick, skillful, and <b>deadly</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Subject to death; mortal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The image of a <b>deadly</b> man.
<i>Wyclif (Rom. i. 23).</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Deadly nightshade</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a poisonous plant; belladonna. See under <er>Nightshade</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Deadly</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dead"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In a manner resembling, or as if produced by, death.</def> "<i>Deadly</i> pale."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a manner to occasion death; mortally.</def>

<blockquote>The groanings of a <b>deadly</b> wounded man.
<i>Ezek. xxx. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In an implacable manner; destructively.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Extremely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Deadly</i> weary." <i>Orrery</i>. "So <i>deadly</i> cunning a man."

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Deadness</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dead"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being destitute of life, vigor, spirit, activity, etc.; dullness; inertness; languor; coldness; vapidness; indifference; <as>as, the <ex>deadness</ex> of a limb, a body, or a tree; the <ex>deadness</ex> of an eye; <ex>deadness</ex> of the affections; the <ex>deadness</ex> of beer or cider; <ex>deadness</ex> to the world, and the like.</as></def>

<h1>Dead-pay</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dead"-pay`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pay drawn for soldiers, or others, really dead, whose names are kept on the rolls.</def>

<blockquote>O you commanders,
That, like me, have no <b>dead-pays</b>.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dead-reckoning</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dead"-reck`on*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Dead</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Deads</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Deads</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The substances which inclose the ore on every side.</def>

<h1>Dead-stroke</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dead"-stroke`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Making a stroke without recoil; deadbeat.</def>

<cs><col>Dead-stroke hammer</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a power hammer having a spring interposed between the driving mechanism and the hammer head, or helve, to lessen the recoil of the hammer and reduce the shock upon the mechanism.</cd></cs>

<h1>Deadwood</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dead"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A mass of timbers built into the bow and stern of a vessel to give solidity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dead trees or branches; useless material.</def>
<-- unproductive workers! -->

<h1>Deadworks</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dead"works`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The parts of a ship above the water when she is laden.</def>

<h1>Deaf</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Deaf</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>def</ets>, <ets>deaf</ets>, <ets>deef</ets>, AS. <ets>de\'a0f</ets>; akin to D. <ets>doof</ets>, G. <ets>taub</ets>, Icel. <ets>daufr</ets>, Dan. <ets>d\'94v</ets>, Sw. <ets>d\'94f</ets>, Goth. <ets>daubs</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>dumb</ets> (the original sense being, dull as applied to one of the senses), and perh. to Gr. <?/ (for <?/) blind, <?/ smoke, vapor, folly, and to G. <ets>toben</ets> to rage. Cf. <er>Dum</er>b.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanting the sense of hearing, either wholly or in part; unable to perceive sounds; hard of hearing; <as>as, a <ex>deaf</ex> man</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Come on my right hand, for this ear is <b>deaf</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unwilling to hear or listen; determinedly inattentive; regardless; not to be persuaded as to facts, argument, or exhortation; -- with <i>to</i>; <as>as, <ex>deaf</ex> to reason</as>.</def>

<blockquote>O, that men's ears should be
To counsel <b>deaf</b>, but not to flattery!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Deprived of the power of hearing; deafened.</def>

<blockquote><b>Deaf</b> with the noise, I took my hasty flight.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Obscurely heard; stifled; deadened.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>deaf</b> murmur through the squadron went.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Decayed; tasteless; dead; <as>as, a <ex>deaf</ex> nut; <ex>deaf</ex> corn.</as></def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<blockquote>If the season be unkindly and intemperate, they [peppers] will catch a blast; and then the seeds will be <b>deaf</b>, void, light, and naught.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Deaf and dumb</col>, <cd>without the sense of hearing or the faculty of speech. See <er>Deaf-mute</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Deaf</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Deaf</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deafen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Deafen</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Deaf"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deafened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deafening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Deaf</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make deaf; to deprive of the power of hearing; to render incapable of perceiving sounds distinctly.</def>

<blockquote><b>Deafened</b> and stunned with their promiscuous cries.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>To render impervious to sound, as a partition or floor, by filling the space within with mortar, by lining with paper, etc.</def>

<h1>Deafening</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Deaf"en*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of rendering impervious to sound, as a floor or wall; also, the material with which the spaces are filled in this process; pugging.</def>

<h1>Deafly</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Deaf"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without sense of sounds; obscurely.</def>

<h1>Deafly</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Deaf"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lonely; solitary.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Deaf-mute</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Deaf"-mute`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who is deaf and dumb; one who, through deprivation or defect of hearing, has either failed the acquire the power of speech, or has lost it.</def> <mark>[See Illust. of <er>Dactylology</er>.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Deaf-mutes</b> are still so called, even when, by artificial methods, they have been taught to speak imperfectly.

<h1>Deaf-mutism</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Deaf"-mut`ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being a deaf-mute.</def>

<h1>Deafness</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Deaf"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Incapacity of perceiving sounds; the state of the organs which prevents the impression which constitute hearing; want of the sense of hearing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unwillingness to hear; voluntary rejection of what is addressed to the understanding.</def>

<cs><col>Nervous deafness</col>, <cd>a variety of deafness dependent upon morbid change in some portion of the nervous system, especially the auditory nerve.</cd></cs>

<h1>Deal</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Deal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>del</ets>, <ets>deel</ets>, part, AS. <ets>d<?/l</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>d<?/l</ets>, D. & Dan. <ets>deel</ets>, G. <ets>theil</ets>, <ets>teil</ets>, Icel. <ets>deild</ets>, Sw. <ets>del</ets>, Goth. <ets>dails</ets>. <?/<?/<?/. Cf. 3d <er>Dole</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A part or portion; a share; hence, an indefinite quantity, degree, or extent, degree, or extent; <as>as, a <ex>deal</ex> of time and trouble; a <ex>deal</ex> of cold.</as></def>

<blockquote>Three tenth <b>deals</b> [parts of an ephah] of flour.
<i>Num. xv. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As an object of science it [the Celtic genius] may count for a good <b>deal</b> . . . as a spiritual power.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She was resolved to be a good <b>deal</b> more circumspect.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; It was formerly limited by <i>some</i>, <i>every</i>, <i>never a</i>, <i>a thousand</i>, etc.; as, <i>some deal</i>; but these are now obsolete or vulgar. In general, we now qualify the word with <i>great</i> or <i>good</i>, and often use it adverbially, <i>by</i> being understood; as, a <i>great deal</i> of time and pains; a <i>great</i> (or <i>good</i>) <i>deal</i> better or worse; that is, better <i>by</i> a great deal, or by a great part or difference.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The process of dealing cards to the players; also, the portion disturbed.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>deal</b>, the shuffle, and the cut.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Distribution; apportionment.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An arrangement to attain a desired result by a combination of interested parties; -- applied to stock speculations and political bargains.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <ety>[Prob. from D. <ets>deel</ets> a plank, threshing floor. See <er>Thill</er>.]</ety> <def>The division of a piece of timber made by sawing; a board or plank; particularly, a board or plank of fir or pine above seven inches in width, and exceeding six feet in length. If narrower than this, it is called a <i>batten</i>; if shorter, a <i>deal end</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Whole deal</i> is a general term for planking one and one half inches thick.</note>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Wood of the pine or fir; <as>as, a floor of <ex>deal</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Deal tree</col>, <cd>a fir tree.</cd></cs>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Deal</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Deal</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dealt</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dealing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>delen</ets>, AS. <ets>d<?/lan</ets>, fr. <ets>d<?/l</ets> share; akin to OS. <ets>d<?/lian</ets>, D. <ets>deelen</ets>, G. <ets>theilen</ets>, <ets>teilen</ets>, Icel. <ets>deila</ets>, Sw. <ets>dela</ets>, Dan. <ets>dele</ets>, Goth. <ets>dailjan</ets>. See <er>Deal</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To divide; to separate in portions; hence, to give in portions; to distribute; to bestow successively; -- sometimes with <i>out</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Is not to <b>deal</b> thy bread to the hungry?
<i>Is. lviii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And Rome <b>deals</b> out her blessings and her gold.
<i>Tickell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The nightly mallet <b>deals</b> resounding blows.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hissing through the skies, the feathery deaths were <b>dealt</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: To distribute, as cards, to the players at the commencement of a game; <as>as, to <ex>deal</ex> the cards; to <ex>deal</ex> one a jack.</as></def>

<h1>Deal</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Deal</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make distribution; to share out in portions, as cards to the players.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To do a distributing or retailing business, as distinguished from that of a manufacturer or producer; to traffic; to trade; to do business; <as>as, he <ex>deals</ex> in flour</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They buy and sell, they <b>deal</b> and traffic.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This is to drive to wholesale trade, when all other petty merchants <b>deal</b> but for parcels.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To act as an intermediary in business or any affairs; to manage; to make arrangements; -- followed by <i>between</i> or <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Sometimes he that <b>deals</b> between man and man, raiseth his own credit with both, by pretending greater interest than he hath in either.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To conduct one's self; to behave or act in any affair or towards any one; to treat.</def>

<blockquote>If he will <b>deal</b> clearly and impartially, . . . he will acknowledge all this to be true.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To contend (with); to treat (with), by way of opposition, check, or correction; <as>as, he has turbulent passions to <ex>deal</ex> with</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To deal by</col>, <cd>to treat, either well or ill; as, to <i>deal<i> well <i>by<i> servants. "Such an one <i>deals<i> not fairly <i>by<i> his own mind." <i>Locke</i>.</cd> -- <col>To deal in</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To have to do with; to be engaged in; to practice; as, they <i>deal in<i> political matters.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To buy and sell; to furnish, as a retailer or wholesaler; as, they <i>deal in<i> fish.</cd> -- <col>To deal with</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To treat in any manner; to use, whether well or ill; to have to do with; specifically, to trade with.</cd> "<i>Dealing with<i> witches." <i>Shak</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To reprove solemnly; to expostulate with.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>The deacons of his church, who, to use their own phrase, "<b>dealt with</b> him" on the sin of rejecting the aid which Providence so manifestly held out.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Return . . . and I will <b>deal</b> well <b>with</b> thee.
<i>Gen. xxxii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dealbate</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>De*al"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dealbatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dealbare</ets>. See <er>Daub</er>.]</ety> <def>To whiten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Dealbation</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>De`al*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dealbatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82albation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of bleaching; a whitening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dealer</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Deal"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who deals; one who has to do, or has concern, with others; esp., a trader, a trafficker, a shopkeeper, a broker, or a merchant; <as>as, a <ex>dealer</ex> in dry goods; a <ex>dealer</ex> in stocks; a retail <ex>dealer</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who distributes cards to the players.</def>

<h1>Dealfish</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Deal"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>deal</ets> a long, narrow plank.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A long, thin fish of the arctic seas (<spn>Trachypterus arcticus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Dealing</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Deal"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of one who deals; distribution of anything, as of cards to the players; method of business; traffic; intercourse; transaction; <as>as, to have <ex>dealings</ex> with a person</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Double dealing</col>, <cd>insincere, treacherous dealing; duplicity.</cd> -- <col>Plain dealing</col>, <cd>fair, sincere, honorable dealing; honest, outspoken expression of opinion.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dealth</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dealth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Share dealt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Deambulate</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>De*am"bu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deambulare</ets>, <ets>deambulatum</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>ambulare</ets> to walk.]</ety> <def>To walk abroad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Deambulation</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>De*am`bu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deambulatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A walking abroad; a promenading.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Deambulatory</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>De*am"bu*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>deambulator</ets> a traveler.]</ety> <def>Going about from place to place; wandering; of or pertaining to a deambulatory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Deambulatory</i> actors."

<i>Bp. Morton.</i>

<h1>Deambulatory</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>De*am"bu*la*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deambulatorium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A covered place in which to walk; an ambulatory.</def>

<h1>Dean</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dene</ets>, <ets>deene</ets>, OF. <ets>deien</ets>, <ets>dien</ets>, F. <ets>doyen</ets>, eldest of a corporation, a dean, L. <ets>decanus</ets> the chief of ten, one set over ten persons, <ets>e</ets>. <ets>g</ets>., over soldiers or over monks, from <ets>decem</ets> ten. See <er>Ten</er>, and cf. <er>Decemvir</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A dignitary or presiding officer in certain ecclesiastical and lay bodies; esp., an ecclesiastical dignitary, subordinate to a bishop.</def>

<cs><col>Dean of cathedral church</col>, <cd>the chief officer of a chapter; he is an ecclesiastical magistrate next in degree to bishop, and has immediate charge of the cathedral and its estates.</cd> -- <col>Dean of peculiars</col>, <cd>a dean holding a preferment which has some peculiarity relative to spiritual superiors and the jurisdiction exercised in it.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Rural dean</col></mcol>, <cd>one having, under the bishop, the especial care and inspection of the clergy within certain parishes or districts of the diocese.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The collegiate officer in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, England, who, besides other duties, has regard to the moral condition of the college.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The head or presiding officer in the faculty of some colleges or universities.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A registrar or secretary of the faculty in a department of a college, as in a medical, or theological, or scientific department.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The chief or senior of a company on occasion of ceremony; <as>as, the <ex>dean</ex> of the diplomatic corps</as>; -- so called by courtesy.</def>

<cs><col>Cardinal dean</col>, <cd>the senior cardinal bishop of the college of cardinals at Rome.</cd> <i>Shipley</i>. -- <col>Dean and chapter</col>, <cd>the legal corporation and governing body of a cathedral. It consists of the dean, who is chief, and his canons or prebendaries.</cd> -- <col>Dean of arches</col>, <cd>the lay judge of the court of arches.</cd> -- <col>Dean of faculty</col>, <cd>the president of an incorporation or barristers; specifically, the president of the incorporation of advocates in Edinburgh.</cd> -- <col>Dean of guild</col>, <cd>a magistrate of Scotch burghs, formerly, and still, in some burghs, chosen by the Guildry, whose duty is to superintend the erection of new buildings and see that they conform to the law.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Dean of a monastery</col>, <col>Monastic dean</col></mcol>, <cd>a monastic superior over ten monks.</cd> -- <col>Dean's stall</col>. <cd>See <cref>Decanal stall</cref>, under <er>Decanal</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Deanery</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dean"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Deaneries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The office or the revenue of a dean. See the Note under <er>Benefice</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The residence of a dean.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The territorial jurisdiction of a dean.</def>

<blockquote>Each archdeaconry is divided into rural <b>deaneries</b>, and each <b>deanery</b> is divided into parishes.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deanship</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dean"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a dean.</def>

<blockquote>I dont't value your <b>deanship</b> a straw.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dear</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Dearer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Dearest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>dere</ets>, <ets>deore</ets>, AS. <ets>de\'a2re</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>diuri</ets>, D. <ets>duur</ets>, OHG. <ets>tiuri</ets>, G. <ets>theuer</ets>, <ets>teuer</ets>, Icel. <ets>d<?/r</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>dyr</ets>. Cf. <er>Darling</er>, <er>Dearth</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Bearing a high price; high-priced; costly; expensive.</def>

<blockquote>The cheapest of us is ten groats too <b>dear</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Marked by scarcity or dearth, and exorbitance of price; <as>as, a <ex>dear</ex> year</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Highly valued; greatly beloved; cherished; precious.</def> "Hear me, <i>dear</i> lady."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Neither count I my life <b>dear</b> unto myself.
<i>Acts xx. 24.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And the last joy was <b>dearer</b> than the rest.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Dear</b> as remember'd kisses after death.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Hence, close to the heart; heartfelt; present in mind; engaging the attention</def>. <sd>(a)</sd> Of agreeable things and interests.</def>

<blockquote>[I'll] leave you to attend him: some <b>dear</b> cause
Will in concealment wrap me up awhile.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His <b>dearest</b> wish was to escape from the bustle and glitter of Whitehall.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> Of disagreeable things and antipathies.

<blockquote>In our <b>dear</b> peril.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Would I had met my <b>dearest</b> foe in heaven
Or ever I had seen that day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dear</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dear</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dear one; lover; sweetheart.</def>

<blockquote>That kiss I carried from thee, <b>dear</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dear</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dear</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Dearly; at a high price.</def>

<blockquote>If thou attempt it, it will cost thee <b>dear</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dear</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dear</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To endear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Dearborn</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dear"born</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A four-wheeled carriage, with curtained sides.</def>

<h1>Dear-bought</h1>
<Xpage=372>

<hw>Dear"-bought`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bought at a high price; <as>as, <ex>dear-bought</ex> experience</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="373">
Page 373<p>

<h1>Deare</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Deare</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def>variant of <er>Dere</er>, <tt>v. t. & n.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dearie</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Dear"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Deary</er>.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Dearling</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Dear"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A darling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Dear-loved</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Dear"-loved`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Greatly beloved.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dearly</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Dear"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In a dear manner; with affection; heartily; earnestly; <as>as, to love one <ex>dearly</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>At a high rate or price; grievously.</def>

<blockquote>He buys his mistress <b>dearly</b> with his throne.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Exquisitely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dearn</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Dearn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>derne</ets>, <ets>dyrne</ets>, <ets>dierne</ets>, hidden, secret. Cf. <er>Derne</er>.]</ety> <def>Secret; lonely; solitary; dreadful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Dearn"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dearn</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Dearn</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Darn</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dearness</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Dear"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being dear; costliness; excess of price.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>dearness</b> of corn.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fondness; preciousness; love; tenderness.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>dearness</b> of friendship.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dearth</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Dearth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>derthe</ets>, fr. <ets>dere</ets>. See <er>Dear</er>.]</ety> <def>Scarcity which renders dear; want; lack; specifically, lack of food on account of failure of crops; famine.</def>

<blockquote>There came a <b>dearth</b> over all the land of Egypt.
<i>Acts vii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He with her press'd, she faint with <b>dearth</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Dearth</b> of plot, and narrowness of imagination.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dearticulate</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De`ar*tic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To disjoint.</def>

<h1>Dearworth</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Dear"worth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Derworth</er>.]</ety> <def>Precious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Deary</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Dear"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dear; a darling.</def> <mark>[Familiar]</mark>

<h1>Deas</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De"as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Dais</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Death</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Death</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>deth</ets>, <ets>dea<?/</ets>, AS. <ets>de\'a0<?/</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>d<?/<?/</ets>, D. <ets>dood</ets>, G. <ets>tod</ets>, Icel. <ets>dau<?/i</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>d\'94d</ets>, Goth. <ets>daupus</ets>; from a verb meaning <ets>to die</ets>. See <er>Die</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and cf. <er>Dead</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The cessation of all vital phenomena without capability of resuscitation, either in animals or plants.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Local death</i> is going on at times and in all parts of the living body, in which individual cells and elements are being cast off and replaced by new; a process essential to life. <i>General death</i> is of two kinds; death of the body as a whole (<i>somatic</i> or <i>systemic</i> death), and death of the tissues. By the former is implied the absolute cessation of the functions of the brain, the circulatory and the respiratory organs; by the latter the entire disappearance of the vital actions of the ultimate structural constituents of the body. When death takes place, the body as a whole dies first, the death of the tissues sometimes not occurring until after a considerable interval.
<i>Huxley.</i></note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Total privation or loss; extinction; cessation; <as>as, the <ex>death</ex> of memory</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>death</b> of a language can not be exactly compared with the death of a plant.
<i>J. Peile.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Manner of dying; act or state of passing from life.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>death</b> that I abhor.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let me die the <b>death</b> of the righteous.
<i>Num. xxiii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Cause of loss of life.</def>

<blockquote>Swiftly flies the feathered <b>death</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He caught his <b>death</b> the last county sessions.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Personified: The destroyer of life, -- conventionally represented as a skeleton with a scythe.</def>

<blockquote><b>Death</b>! great proprietor of all.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And I looked, and behold a pale horse; and his name that at on him was <b>Death</b>.
<i>Rev. vi. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Danger of death.</def> "In <i>deaths</i> oft."

<i>2 Cor. xi. 23.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Murder; murderous character.</def>

<blockquote>Not to suffer a man of <b>death</b> to live.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Loss of spiritual life.</def>

<blockquote>To be <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ m<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ is <b>death</b>.
<i>Rom. viii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Anything so dreadful as to be like death.</def>

<blockquote>It was <b>death</b> to them to think of entertaining such doctrines.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And urged him, so that his soul was vexed unto <b>death</b>.
<i>Judg. xvi. 16.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Death</i> is much used adjectively and as the first part of a compound, meaning, in general, <i>of</i> or <i>pertaining to death</i>, <i>causing</i> or <i>presaging death</i>; as, <i>death</i>bed or <i>death</i> bed; <i>death</i>blow or <i>death</i> blow, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Black death</col>. <cd>See <er>Black death</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Civil death</col>, <cd>the separation of a man from civil society, or the debarring him from the enjoyment of civil rights, as by banishment, attainder, abjuration of the realm, entering a monastery, etc. <i>Blackstone</i>.</cd> -- <col>Death adder</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A kind of viper found in South Africa (<spn>Acanthophis tortor</spn>); -- so called from the virulence of its venom.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A venomous Australian snake of the family <spn>Elapid\'91</spn>, of several species, as the <spn>Hoplocephalus superbus</spn> and <spn>Acanthopis antarctica</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Death bell</col>, <cd>a bell that announces a death.</cd>

<blockquote>The <b>death bell</b> thrice was heard to ring.
<i>Mickle.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Death candle</col>, <cd>a light like that of a candle, viewed by the superstitious as presaging death.</cd> -- <col>Death damp</col>, <cd>a cold sweat at the coming on of death.</cd> -- <col>Death fire</col>, <cd>a kind of ignis fatuus supposed to forebode death.</cd>

<blockquote>And round about in reel and rout,
The <b>death fires</b> danced at night.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Death grapple</col>, <cd>a grapple or struggle for life.</cd> -- <col>Death in life</col>, <cd>a condition but little removed from death; a living death. <mark>[Poetic]</mark> "Lay lingering out a five years' <i>death in life</i>." <i>Tennyson</i>.</cd> -- <col>Death knell</col>, <cd>a stroke or tolling of a bell, announcing a death.</cd> -- <col>Death rate</col>, <cd>the relation or ratio of the number of deaths to the population.</cd>

<blockquote>At all ages the <b>death rate</b> is higher in towns than in rural districts.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Death rattle</col>, <cd>a rattling or gurgling in the throat of a dying person.</cd> -- <col>Death's door</col>, <cd>the boundary of life; the partition dividing life from death.</cd> -- <col>Death stroke</col>, <cd>a stroke causing death.</cd> -- <col>Death throe</col>, <cd>the spasm of death.</cd> -- <col>Death token</col>, <cd>the signal of approaching death.</cd> -- <col>Death warrant</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>An order from the proper authority for the execution of a criminal.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>That which puts an end to expectation, hope, or joy.</cd> -- <col>Death wound</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A fatal wound or injury.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>The springing of a fatal leak.</cd> -- <col>Spiritual death</col> <fld>(Scripture)</fld>, <cd>the corruption and perversion of the soul by sin, with the loss of the favor of God.</cd> -- <col>The gates of death</col>, <cd>the grave.</cd>

<blockquote>Have <b>the gates of death</b> been opened unto thee?
<i>Job xxxviii. 17.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>The second death</col>, <cd>condemnation to eternal separation from God. <i>Rev. ii. 11</i>.</cd> -- <col>To be the death of</col>, <cd>to be the cause of death to; to make die. "It was one who should <i>be the death of</i> both his parents."</cd> <i>Milton.</i></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Death</er>, <er>Decrase</er>, <er>Departure</er>, <er>Release</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Death</i> applies to the termination of every form of existence, both animal and vegetable; the other words only to the human race. <i>Decease</i> is the term used in law for the removal of a human being out of life in the ordinary course of nature. <i>Demise</i> was formerly confined to decease of princes, but is now sometimes used of distinguished men in general; <as>as, the <ex>demise</ex> of Mr</as>. Pitt. <i>Departure</i> and <i>release</i> are peculiarly terms of Christian affection and hope. A violent <i>death</i> is not usually called a <i>decease</i>. <i>Departure</i> implies a friendly taking leave of life. <i>Release</i> implies a deliverance from a life of suffering or sorrow.</usage>

<h1>Deathbed</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Death"bed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The bed in which a person dies; hence, the closing hours of life of one who dies by sickness or the like; the last sickness.</def>

<blockquote>That often-quoted passage from Lord Hervey in which the Queen's <b>deathbed</b> is described.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deathbird</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Death"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Tengmalm's or Richardson's owl (<spn>Nyctale Tengmalmi</spn>); -- so called from a superstition of the North American Indians that its note presages death.</def>

<h1>Deathblow</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Death"blow`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mortal or crushing blow; a stroke or event which kills or destroys.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>deathblow</b> of my hope.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deathful</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Death"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of death or slaughter; murderous; destructive; bloody.</def>

<blockquote>These eyes behold
The <b>deathful</b> scene.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Liable to undergo death; mortal.</def>

<blockquote>The deathless gods and <b>deathful</b> earth.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deathfulness</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Death"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Appearance of death.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Deathless</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Death"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not subject to death, destruction, or extinction; immortal; undying; imperishable; <as>as, <ex>deathless</ex> beings; <ex>deathless</ex> fame.</as></def>

<h1>Deathlike</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Death"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Resembling death.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>deathlike</b> slumber, and a dead repose.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deadly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Deathlike</i> dragons."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Deathliness</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Death"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being deathly; deadliness.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Deathly</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Death"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deadly; fatal; mortal; destructive.</def>

<h1>Deathly</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Death"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Deadly; <as>as, <ex>deathly</ex> pale or sick</as>.</def>

<h1>Death's-head</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Death's"-head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A naked human skull as the emblem of death; the head of the conventional personification of death.</def>

<blockquote>I had rather be married to a <b>death's-head</b> with a bone in his mouth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Death's-head moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large European moth (<spn>Acherontia atropos</spn>), so called from a figure resembling a human skull on the back of the thorax; -- called also <altname>death's-head sphinx</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Death's-herb</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Death's"-herb`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The deadly nightshade (<spn>Atropa belladonna</spn>).</def>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Deathsman</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Deaths"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An executioner; a headsman or hangman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Deathward</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Death"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Toward death.</def>

<h1>Deathwatch</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Death"watch`</hw> <tt>(?; 224)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small beetle (<spn>Anobium tessellatum</spn> and other allied species). By forcibly striking its head against woodwork it makes a ticking sound, which is a call of the sexes to each other, but has been imagined by superstitious people to presage death.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small wingless insect, of the family <spn>Psocid\'91</spn>, which makes a similar but fainter sound; -- called also <altname>deathtick</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>She is always seeing apparitions and hearing <b>deathwatches</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I did not hear the dog howl, mother, or the <b>deathwatch</b> beat.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The guard set over a criminal before his execution.</def>

<h1>Deaurate</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*au"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deauratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deaurare</ets> to gild; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>aurum</ets> gold.]</ety> <def>Gilded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Deaurate</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*au"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To gild.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Deauration</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De`au*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of gilding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Deave</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Deave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Deafen</er>.]</ety> <def>To stun or stupefy with noise; to deafen.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Debacchate</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bac"chate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>debacchatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>debacchari</ets> to rage; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>bacchari</ets> to rage like a bacchant.]</ety> <def>To rave as a bacchanal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Debacchation</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De`bac*cha"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>debacchatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wild raving or debauchery.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Prynne.</i>

<h1>Debacle</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*ba"cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82b\'83cle</ets>, fr. <ets>d\'82b\'83cler</ets> to unbar, break loose; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (prob. = L. <ets>dis</ets>) + <ets>b\'83cler</ets> to bolt, fr. L. <ets>baculum</ets> a stick.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A breaking or bursting forth; a violent rush or flood of waters which breaks down opposing barriers, and hurls forward and disperses blocks of stone and other d\'82bris.</def>

<h1>Debar</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Debarred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Debarring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>bar</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cut off from entrance, as if by a bar or barrier; to preclude; to hinder from approach, entry, or enjoyment; to shut out or exclude; to deny or refuse; -- with <i>from</i>, and sometimes with <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Yet not so strictly hath our Lord imposed
Labor, as to <b>debar</b> us when we need
Refreshment.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their wages were so low as to <b>debar</b> them, not only from the comforts but from the common decencies of civilized life.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Debarb</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*barb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> + L. <ets>barba</ets> beard.]</ety> <def>To deprive of the beard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Debark</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De"bark"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Debarked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Debarking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82barquer</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>barque</ets>. See <er>Bark</er> the vessel, and cf. <er>Disbark</er>.]</ety> <def>To go ashore from a ship or boat; to disembark; to put ashore.</def>

<h1>Debarkation</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De`bar*ka"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disembarkation.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>debarkation</b>, therefore, had to take place by small steamers.
<i>U. S. Grant.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Debarment</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bar"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hindrance from approach; exclusion.</def>

<h1>Debarrass</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bar"rass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82barrasser</ets>. See <er>Embarrass</er>.]</ety> <def>To disembarrass; to relieve.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Debase</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*base"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Debased</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Debasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>base</ets>. See <er>Base</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Abase</er>.]</ety> <def>To reduce from a higher to a lower state or grade of worth, dignity, purity, station, etc.; to degrade; to lower; to deteriorate; to abase; <as>as, to <ex>debase</ex> the character by crime; to <ex>debase</ex> the mind by frivolity; to <ex>debase</ex> style by vulgar words.</as></def>

<blockquote>The coin which was adulterated and <b>debased</b>.
<i>Hale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is a kind of taking God's name in vain to <b>debase</b> religion with such frivolous disputes.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And to <b>debase</b> the sons, exalts the sires.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To abase; degrade. See <er>Abase</er>.</syn>

<h1>Debased</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*based"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Turned upside down from its proper position; inverted; reversed.</def>

<h1>Debasement</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*base"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of debasing or the state of being debased.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Debaser</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bas"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, debases.</def>

<h1>Debasingly</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bas"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner to debase.</def>

<h1>Debatable</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>debatable</ets>. See <er>Debate</er>.]</ety> <def>Liable to be debated; disputable; subject to controversy or contention; open to question or dispute; <as>as, a <ex>debatable</ex> question</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>The Debatable Land</col> &or; <col>Ground</col></mcol>, <cd>a tract of land between the Esk and the Sark, claimed by both England and Scotland; the Batable Ground.</cd></cs>

<h1>Debate</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Debated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Debating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>debatre</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82battre</ets>; L. <ets>de</ets> + <ets>batuere</ets> to beat. See <er>Batter</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Abate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To engage in combat for; to strive for.</def>

<blockquote>Volunteers . . . thronged to serve under his banner, and the cause of religion was <b>debated</b> with the same ardor in Spain as on the plains of Palestine.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To contend for in words or arguments; to strive to maintain by reasoning; to dispute; to contest; to discuss; to argue for and against.</def>

<blockquote>A wise council . . . that did <b>debate</b> this business.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Debate</b> thy cause with thy neighbor himself.
<i>Prov. xxv. 9.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To argue; discuss; dispute; controvert. See <er>Argue</er>, and <er>Discuss</er>.</syn>

<h1>Debate</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bate"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To engage in strife or combat; to fight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Well could he tourney and in lists <b>debate</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To contend in words; to dispute; hence, to deliberate; to consider; to discuss or examine different arguments in the mind; -- often followed by <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He presents that great soul <b>debating</b> upon the subject of life and death with his intimate friends.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Debate</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bate"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82bat</ets>, fr. <ets>d\'82battre</ets>. See <er>Debate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A fight or fighting; contest; strife.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>On the day of the Trinity next ensuing was a great <b>debate</b> . . . and in that murder there were slain . . . fourscore.
<i>R. of Gloucester.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But question fierce and proud reply
Gave signal soon of dire <b>debate</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contention in words or arguments; discussion for the purpose of elucidating truth or influencing action; strife in argument; controversy; <as>as, the <ex>debates</ex> in Parliament or in Congress</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Heard, noted, answer'd, as in full <b>debate</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Subject of discussion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Statutes and edicts concerning this <b>debate</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Debateful</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bate"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of contention; contentious; quarrelsome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Debatefully</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bate"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With contention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Debatement</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bate"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>debatement</ets> a beating.]</ety> <def>Controversy; deliberation; debate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A serious question and <b>debatement</b> with myself.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Debater</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who debates; one given to argument; a disputant; a controvertist.</def>

<blockquote>Debate where leisure serves with dull <b>debaters</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Debating</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bat"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of discussing or arguing; discussion.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Debating society</col> &or; <col>club</col></mcol>, <cd>a society or club for the purpose of debate and improvement in extemporaneous speaking.</cd></cs>

<h1>Debatingly</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bat"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a debate.</def>

<h1>Debauch</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bauch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Debauched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Debauching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82baucher</ets>, prob. originally, to entice away from the workshop; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets> or <ets>de</ets>) + OF. <ets>bauche</ets>, <ets>bauge</ets>, hut, cf. F. <ets>bauge</ets> lair of a wild boar; prob. from G. or Icel., cf. Icel. <ets>b\'belkr</ets>. See <er>Balk</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To lead away from purity or excellence; to corrupt in character or principles; to mar; to vitiate; to pollute; to seduce; <as>as, to <ex>debauch</ex> one's self by intemperance; to <ex>debauch</ex> a woman; to <ex>debauch</ex> an army.</as></def>

<blockquote>Learning not <b>debauched</b> by ambition.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A man must have got his conscience thoroughly <b>debauched</b> and hardened before he can arrive to the height of sin.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Her pride <b>debauched</b> her judgment and her eyes.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Debauch</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bauch"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82bauche</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Excess in eating or drinking; intemperance; drunkenness; lewdness; debauchery.</def>

<blockquote>The first physicians by <b>debauch</b> were made.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An act or occasion of debauchery.</def>

<blockquote>Silenus, from his night's <b>debauch</b>,
Fatigued and sick.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Debauched</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bauched"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dissolute; dissipated.</def> "A coarse and <i>debauched</i> look."

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<h1>Debauchedly</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bauch"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a profligate manner.</def>

<h1>Debauchedness</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bauch"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being debauched; intemperance.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Debauchee</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>Deb`au*chee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82<?/bauch\'82</ets>, <ets>n.</ets>, properly p. p. of <ets>d\'82baucher</ets>. See <er>Debauch</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>One who is given to intemperance or bacchanalian excesses; a man habitually lewd; a libertine.</def>

<h1>Debaucher</h1>
<Xpage=373>

<hw>De*bauch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who debauches or corrupts others; especially, a seducer to lewdness.</def>

<hr>
<page="374">
Page 374<p>

<h1>Debauchery</h1>
<Xpage=374>

<hw>De*bauch"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Debaucheries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Corruption of fidelity; seduction from virtue, duty, or allegiance.</def>

<blockquote>The republic of Paris will endeavor to complete the <b>debauchery</b> of the army.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Excessive indulgence of the appetites; especially, excessive indulgence of lust; intemperance; sensuality; habitual lewdness.</def>

<blockquote>Oppose . . . <b>debauchery</b> by temperance.
<i>Sprat.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Debauchment</h1>
<Xpage=374>

<hw>De*bauch"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of corrupting; the act of seducing from virtue or duty.</def>

<h1>Debauchness</h1>
<Xpage=374>

<hw>De*bauch"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Debauchedness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Debeige</h1>
<Xpage=374>

<hw>De*beige"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>de</ets> of + <ets>beige</ets> the natural color of wool.]</ety> <def>A kind of woolen or mixed dress goods.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>debage</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Debel</h1>
<Xpage=374>

<hw>De*bel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82beller</ets>. See <er>Debellate</er>.]</ety> <def>To conquer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Debellate</h1>
<Xpage=374>

<hw>De*bel"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>debellatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>debellare</ets> to subdue; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>bellum</ets> war.]</ety> <def>To subdue; to conquer in war.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Speed.</i>

<h1>Debellation</h1>
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<hw>Deb`el*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>debellatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of conquering or subduing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>De bene esse</h1>
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<hw>De be"ne es"se</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Of well being; of formal sufficiency for the time; conditionally; provisionally.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Debenture</h1>
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<hw>De*ben"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>debentur</ets> they are due, fr. <ets>debere</ets> to owe; cf. F. <ets>debentur</ets>. So called because these receipts began with the words <ets>Debentur mihi</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A writing acknowledging a debt; a writing or certificate signed by a public officer, as evidence of a debt due to some person; the sum thus due.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A customhouse certificate entitling an exporter of imported goods to a drawback of duties paid on their importation.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<note>It is applied in England to deeds of mortgage given by railway companies for borrowed money; also to municipal and other bonds and securities for money loaned.</note>

<h1>Debentured</h1>
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<hw>De*ben"tured</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Entitled to drawback or debenture; <as>as, <ex>debentured</ex> goods</as>.</def>

<h1>Debile</h1>
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<hw>Deb"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>debilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82bile</ets>. See <er>Debility</er>.]</ety> <def>Weak.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Debilitant</h1>
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<hw>De*bil"i*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>debilitants</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Diminishing the energy of organs; reducing excitement; <as>as, a <ex>debilitant</ex> drug</as>.</def>

<h1>Debilitate</h1>
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<hw>De*bil"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Debilitated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Debilitating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>debilitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>debilitare</ets> to debilitate, fr. <ets>debilis</ets>. See <er>Debility</er>.]</ety> <def>To impair the strength of; to weaken; to enfeeble; <as>as, to <ex>debilitate</ex> the body by intemperance</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Various ails <b>debilitate</b> the mind.
<i>Jenyns.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>debilitated</b> frame of Mr. Bertram was exhausted by this last effort.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Debilitation</h1>
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<hw>De*bil`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>debilitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82bilitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of debilitating, or the condition of one who is debilitated; weakness.</def>

<h1>Debility</h1>
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<hw>De*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>debilitas</ets>, fr. <ets>debilis</ets> weak, prob. fr. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>habilis</ets> able: cf. F. <ets>d\'82bilit\'82</ets>. See <er>Able</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The state of being weak; weakness; feebleness; languor.</def>

<blockquote>The inconveniences of too strong a perspiration, which are <b>debility</b>, faintness, and sometimes sudden death.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Debility</er>, <er>Infirmity</er>, <er>Imbecility</er>.</syn> <usage> An <i>infirmity</i> belongs, for the most part, to particular members, and is often temporary, as of the eyes, etc. <i>Debility</i> is more general, and while it lasts impairs the ordinary functions of nature. <i>Imbecility</i> attaches to the whole frame, and renders it more or less powerless. <i>Debility</i> may be constitutional or may be the result or superinduced causes; <i>Imbecility</i> is always constitutional; <i>infirmity</i> is accidental, and results from sickness or a decay of the frame. These words, in their figurative uses, have the same distinctions; we speak of <i>infirmity</i> of will, <i>debility</i> of body, and an <i>Imbecility</i> which affects the whole man; but <i>Imbecility</i> is often used with specific reference to feebleness of mind.</usage>

<h1>Debit</h1>
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<hw>Deb"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>debitum</ets> what is due, debt, from <ets>debere</ets> to owe: cf. F. <ets>d\'82bit</ets>. See <er>Debt</er>.]</ety> <def>A debt; an entry on the debtor (Dr.) side of an account; -- mostly used adjectively; <as>as, the <ex>debit</ex> side of an account</as>.</def>

<h1>Debit</h1>
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<hw>Deb"it</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Debited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Debiting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To charge with debt; -- the opposite of, and correlative to, <i>credit</i>; <as>as, to <ex>debit</ex> a purchaser for the goods sold</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld> <def>To enter on the debtor (Dr.) side of an account; <as>as, to <ex>debit</ex> the amount of goods sold</as>.</def>

<h1>Debitor</h1>
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<hw>Deb"it*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Debtor</er>.]</ety> <def>A debtor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Debituminization</h1>
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<hw>De`bi*tu`mi*ni*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of depriving of bitumen.</def>

<h1>Debituminize</h1>
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<hw>De`bi*tu"mi*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of bitumen.</def>

<h1>D\'82blai</h1>
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<hw>D\'82`blai"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The cavity from which the earth for parapets, etc. (remblai), is taken.</def>

<h1>Debonair</h1>
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<hw>Deb`o*nair"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>debonere</ets>, OF. <ets>de bon aire</ets>, <ets>debonaire</ets>, of good descent or lineage, excellent, debonair, F. <ets>d\'82bonnaire</ets> debonair; <ets>de</ets> of (L. <ets>de</ets>) + <ets>bon</ets> good (L. <ets>bonus</ets>) + <ets>aire</ets>. See <er>Air</er>, and <er>Bounty</er>, and cf. <er>Bonair</er>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by courteousness, affability, or gentleness; of good appearance and manners; graceful; complaisant.</def>

<blockquote>Was never prince so meek and <b>debonair</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Debonairity</h1>
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<hw>Deb`o*nair"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>debonairet\'82</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82bonnairet\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Debonairness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Debonairly</h1>
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<hw>Deb`o*nair"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Courteously; elegantly.</def>

<h1>Debonairness</h1>
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<hw>Deb`o*nair"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being debonair; good humor; gentleness; courtesy.</def>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Debosh</h1>
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<hw>De*bosh"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Old form of <ets>debauch</ets>.]</ety> <def>To debauch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>deboshed</i> lady."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Deboshment</h1>
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<hw>De*bosh"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Debauchment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Debouch</h1>
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<hw>De*bouch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Debouched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Debouching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82boucher</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets> or <ets>de</ets>) + <ets>boucher</ets> to stop up, fr. <ets>bouche</ets> mouth, fr. L. <ets>bucca</ets> the cheek. Cf. <er>Disembogue</er>.]</ety> <def>To march out from a wood, defile, or other confined spot, into open ground; to issue.</def>

<blockquote>Battalions <b>debouching</b> on the plain.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>D\'82bouch\'82</h1>
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<hw>D\'82`bou`ch\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A place for exit; an outlet; hence, a market for goods.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>d\'82bouch\'82s</b> were ordered widened to afford easy egress.
<i>The Century.</i></blockquote>

<h1>D\'82bouchure</h1>
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<hw>D\'82`bou`chure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The outward opening of a river, of a valley, or of a strait.</def>

<h1>D\'82bris</h1>
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<hw>D\'82`bris"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>dis</ets>) + <ets>briser</ets> to break, shatter; perh. of Celtic origin.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Broken and detached fragments, taken collectively; especially, fragments detached from a rock or mountain, and piled up at the base.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rubbish, especially such as results from the destruction of anything; remains; ruins.</def>

<h1>Debruised</h1>
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<hw>De*bruised"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>debruisier</ets> to shatter, break. Cf. <er>Bruise</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Surmounted by an ordinary; <as>as, a lion is <ex>debruised</ex> when a bend or other ordinary is placed over it, as in the cut</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The lion of England and the lilies of France without the baton sinister, under which, according to the laws of heraldry, they where <b>debruised</b> in token of his illegitimate birth.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Debt</h1>
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<hw>Debt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dette</ets>, F. <ets>dette</ets>, LL. <ets>debita</ets>, fr. L. <ets>debitus</ets> owed, p. p. of <ets>debere</ets> to owe, prop., to have on loan; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>habere</ets> to have. See <er>Habit</er>, and cf. <er>Debit</er>, <er>Due</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is due from one person to another, whether money, goods, or services; that which one person is bound to pay to another, or to perform for his benefit; thing owed; obligation; liability.</def>

<blockquote>Your son, my lord, has paid a soldier's <b>debt</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When you run in <b>debt</b>, you give to another power over your liberty.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A duty neglected or violated; a fault; a sin; a trespass.</def> "Forgive us our <i>debts</i>."

<i>Matt. vi. 12.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An action at law to recover a certain specified sum of money alleged to be due.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Bond debt</col>, <col>Book debt</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Bond</er>, <er>Book</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Debt of nature</col>, <cd>death.</cd></cs>

<h1>Debted</h1>
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<hw>Debt"ed</hw>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Indebted; obliged to.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I stand <b>debted</b> to this gentleman.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Debtee</h1>
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<hw>Debt*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One to whom a debt is due; creditor; -- correlative to <i>debtor</i>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Debtless</h1>
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<hw>Debt"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from debt.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Debtor</h1>
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<hw>Debt"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dettur</ets>, <ets>dettour</ets>, OF. <ets>detor</ets>, <ets>detur</ets>, <ets>detour</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82biteur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>debitor</ets>, fr. <ets>debere</ets> to owe. See <er>Debt</er>.]</ety> <def>One who owes a debt; one who is indebted; -- correlative to <i>creditor</i>.</def>

<blockquote>[I 'll] bring your latter hazard back again,
And thankfully rest <b>debtor</b> for the first.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In Athens an insolvent <b>debtor</b> became slave to his creditor.
<i>Mitford.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Debtors</b> for our lives to you.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Debulliate</h1>
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<hw>De*bul"li*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> + L. <ets>bullire</ets> to boil.]</ety> <def>To boil over.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Debulition</h1>
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<hw>Deb`u*li"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Debulliate</er>.]</ety> <def>A bubbling or boiling over.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Deburse</h1>
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<hw>De*burse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. &  i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de</ets> + L. <ets>bursa</ets> purse.]</ety> <def>To disburse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ludlow.</i>

<h1>Debuscope</h1>
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<hw>De"bu*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the inventor, <ets>Debus</ets>, a French optician + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A modification of the kaleidoscope; -- used to reflect images so as to form beautiful designs.</def>

<h1>D\'82but</h1>
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<hw>D\'82`but"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82but</ets>, prop., the first cast or throw at play, fr. <ets>but</ets> aim, mark. See <er>Butt</er> an end.]</ety> <def>A beginning or first attempt; hence, a first appearance before the public, as of an actor or public speaker.</def>

<mhw><h1>D\'82butant, n.; fem. D\'82butante</h1>
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<hw>D\'82`bu`tant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; fem. <hw>D\'82`bu`tante"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>. <ety>[F., p. pr. of <ets>d\'82buter</ets> to have the first throw, to make one's <ets>d\'82but</ets>. See <er>D\'82but</er>.]</ety> <def>A person who makes his (or her) first appearance before the public.</def>

<h1>Deca-</h1>
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<hw>Dec"a-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Cf. <er>Ten</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix, from Gr. <grk>de`ka</grk>, signifying <it>ten</it>; specifically <fld>(Metric System)</fld>, a prefix signifying the weight or measure that is <i>ten times</i> the principal unit.</def>

<h1>Decacerata</h1>
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<hw>De*cac`e*ra"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>de`ka</grk> ten + <grk>ke`ras</grk> a horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of Cephalopoda which includes the squids, cuttlefishes, and others having ten arms or tentacles; -- called also <altname>Decapoda</altname>. <altsp>[Written also <asp>Decacera</asp>.]</altsp> See <er>Dibranchiata</er>.</def>

<h1>Decachord, Decachordon</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dec"a*chord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dec`a*chor"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>deka`chordos</grk> tenstringed; <grk>de`ka</grk> ten + <grk>chordj`</grk> a string.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An ancient Greek musical instrument of ten strings, resembling the harp.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something consisting of ten parts.</def>

<i>W. Watson.</i>

<h1>Decucuminated</h1>
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<hw>Dec`u*cu"mi*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decacuminare</ets> to cut off the top. See <er>Cacuminate</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the point or top cut off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Decad</h1>
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<hw>Dec"ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A decade.</def>

<blockquote>Averill was a <b>decad</b> and a half his elder.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decadal</h1>
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<hw>Dec"a*dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to ten; consisting of tens.</def>

<h1>Decade</h1>
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<hw>Dec"ade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82cade</ets>, L. <ets>decas</ets>, <ets>-adis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ ten. See <er>Ten</er>.]</ety> <def>A group or division of ten; esp., a period of ten years; a decennium; <as>as, a <ex>decade</ex> of years or days; a <ex>decade</ex> of soldiers; the second <ex>decade</ex> of Livy.</as></def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>decad</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>During this notable <b>decade</b> of years.
<i>Gladstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decadence, Decadency</h1>
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<hw><hw>De*ca"dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>De*ca"den*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>decadentia</ets>; L. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>cadere</ets> to fall: cf. F. <ets>d\'82cadence</ets>. See <er>Decay</er>.]</ety> <def>A falling away; decay; deterioration; declension. "The old castle, where the family lived in their <i>decadence</i>.'</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Decadent</h1>
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<hw>De*ca"dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Decaying; deteriorating.</def>

<h1>Decadist</h1>
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<hw>Dec"a*dist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of a book divided into decades; <as>as, Livy was a <ex>decadist</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Decagon</h1>
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<hw>Dec"a*gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>deca-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a corner or angle: cf. F. <ets>d\'82cagone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A plane figure having ten sides and ten angles; any figure having ten angles. A <i>regular decagon</i> is one that has all its sides and angles equal.</def>

<h1>Decagonal</h1>
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<hw>De*cag"o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a decagon; having ten sides.</def>

<h1>Decagram, Decagramme</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dec"a*gram</hw>, <hw>Dec"a*gramme</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82cagramme</ets>; Gr. <?/ ten + F. <ets>gramme</ets>. See <er>Gram</er>.]</ety> <def>A weight of the metric system; ten grams, equal to about 154.32 grains avoirdupois.</def>

<h1>Decagynia</h1>
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<hw>Dec`a*gyn"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ ten + <?/ a woman, a female.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an order of plants characterized by having ten styles.</def>

<h1>Decagynian, Deccagynous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dec`a*gyn"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dec*cag"y*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82cagyne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Decagynia; having ten styles.</def>

<h1>Decahedral</h1>
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<hw>Dec`a*he"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having ten sides.</def>

<h1>Decahedron</h1>
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<hw>Dec`a*he"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Decahedrons</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Decahedra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Pref. <ets>deca-</ets> + <ets>Gr. <grk>'e`dra</grk> a seat, a base, fr. <grk>'e`zesthai</grk> to sit: cf. F. <ets>d\'82ca\'8adre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A solid figure or body inclosed by ten plane surfaces.</def> <altsp>[Written also, less correctly, <asp>decaedron</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Decalcification</h1>
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<hw>De*cal`ci*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The removal of calcareous matter.</def>

<h1>Decalcify</h1>
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<hw>De*cal"ci*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decalcified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decalcifying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deprive of calcareous matter; thus, to <i>decalcify</i> bones is to remove the stony part, and leave only the gelatin.</def>

<h1>Decalcomania, Decalcomanie</h1>
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<hw><hw>De*cal`co*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>De*cal`co*ma"nie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82calcomanie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or process of transferring pictures and designs to china, glass, marble, etc., and permanently fixing them thereto.</def>

<h1>Decaliter, Decalitre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dec"a*li`ter</hw>, <hw>Dec"a*li`tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82calitre</ets>; Gr. <?/ ten + F. <ets>litre</ets>. See <er>Liter</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure of capacity in the metric system; a cubic volume of ten liters, equal to about 610.24 cubic inches, that is, 2.642 wine gallons.</def>

<h1>Decalog</h1>
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<hw>Dec"a*log</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Decalogue.</def>

<h1>Decalogist</h1>
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<hw>De*cal"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who explains the decalogue.</def>

<i>J. Gregory.</i>

<h1>Decalogue</h1>
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<hw>Dec"a*logue</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82calogue</ets>, L. <ets>decalogus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ ten + <?/ speech, <?/ to speak, to say. See <er>Ten</er>.]</ety> <def>The Ten Commandments or precepts given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai, and originally written on two tables of stone.</def>

<h1>Decameron</h1>
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<hw>De*cam"e*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>decamerone</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ ten + <?/ part; though quite generally supposed to be derived from <?/ day: cf. F. <ets>d\'82cam\'82ron</ets>.]</ety> <def>A celebrated collection of tales, supposed to be related in ten days; -- written in the 14th century, by Boccaccio, an Italian.</def>

<h1>Decameter, Decametre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dec"a*me`ter</hw>, <hw>Dec"a*me`tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82cam\'8atre</ets>; Gr. <?/ ten + <ets>m\'8atre</ets>. See <er>Meter</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure of length in the metric system; ten meters, equal to about 393.7 inches.</def>

<h1>Decamp</h1>
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<hw>De*camp"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decamped</er> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decamping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82camper</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>dis</ets>) + <ets>camp</ets> camp. See <er>Camp</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To break up a camp; to move away from a camping ground, usually by night or secretly.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to depart suddenly; to run away; -- generally used disparagingly.</def>

<blockquote>The fathers were ordered to <b>decamp</b>, and the house was once again converted into a tavern.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decampment</h1>
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<hw>De*camp"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82campement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Departure from a camp; a marching off.</def>

<h1>Decanal</h1>
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<hw>Dec"a*nal</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82canal</ets>. See <er>Dean</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a dean or deanery.</def>

<blockquote>His rectorial as well as <b>decanal</b> residence.
<i>Churton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Decanal side</col>, <cd>the side of the choir on which the dean's tall is placed.</cd> -- <col>Decanal stall</col>, <cd>the stall allotted to the dean in the choir, on the right or south side of the chancel.</cd></cs>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Decandria</h1>
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<hw>De*can"dri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ ten + <?/, <?/, a man.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an class of plants characterized by having ten stamens.</def>

<h1>Decandrian, Decandrous</h1>
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<hw><hw>De*can"dri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>De*can"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82candre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Decandria; having ten stamens.</def>

<h1>Decane</h1>
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<hw>Dec"ane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Deca-</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid hydrocarbon, <chform>C10H22</chform>, of the paraffin series, including several isomeric modifications.</def>

<h1>Decangular</h1>
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<hw>Dec*an"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>deca-</ets> + <ets>angular</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having ten angles.</def>

<h1>Decani</h1>
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<hw>De*ca"ni</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L., lit., of the dean.]</ety> <def>Used of the side of the choir on which the dean's stall is placed; decanal; -- correlative to <i>cantoris</i>; <as>as, the decanal, or <ex>decani</ex>, side</as>.</def>

<h1>Decant</h1>
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<hw>De*cant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decanted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decanting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82canter</ets> (cf. It. <ets>decantare</ets>), prop., to pour off from the edge of a vessel; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>de</ets>) + OF. <ets>cant</ets> (It. <ets>canto</ets>) edge, border, end. See <er>Cant</er> an edge.]</ety> <def>To pour off gently, as liquor, so as not to disturb the sediment; or to pour from one vessel into another; <as>as, to <ex>decant</ex> wine</as>.</def>

<h1>Decantate</h1>
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<hw>De*can"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To decant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Decantation</h1>
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<hw>De`can*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82cantation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of pouring off a clear liquor gently from its lees or sediment, or from one vessel into another.</def>

<h1>Decanter</h1>
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<hw>De*cant"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A vessel used to decant liquors, or for receiving decanted liquors; a kind of glass bottle used for holding wine or other liquors, from which drinking glasses are filled.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who decants liquors.</def>

<h1>Decaphyllous</h1>
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<hw>De*caph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>deca-</ets> + Gr. <?/ leaf: cf. F. <ets>d\'82caphylle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having ten leaves.</def>

<h1>Decapitate</h1>
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<hw>De*cap"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decapitated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decapitating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>decapitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>decapitare</ets>; L. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>caput</ets> head. See <er>Chief</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut off the head of; to behead.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To remove summarily from office.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Decapitation</h1>
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<hw>De*cap`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>decapitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82capitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of beheading; beheading.</def>

<h1>Decapod</h1>
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<hw>Dec"a*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82capode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A crustacean with ten feet or legs, as a crab; one of the Decapoda. Also used adjectively.</def>

<hr>
<page="375">
Page 375<p>

<h1>Decapoda</h1>
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<hw>De*cap"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/  ten + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The order of Crustacea which includes the shrimps, lobsters, crabs, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; They have a carapace, covering and uniting the somites of the head and thorax and inclosing a gill chamber on each side, and usually have five (rarely six) pairs of legs. They are divided into two principal groups: Brachyura and Macrura. Some writers recognize a third (Anomura) intermediate between the others.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of the dibranchiate cephalopods including the cuttlefishes and squids. See <er>Decacera</er>.</def>

<h1>Deccapodal, Deccapodous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dec*cap"o*dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dec*cap"o*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the decapods; having ten feet; ten-footed.</def>

<h1>Decarbonate</h1>
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<hw>De*car"bon*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of carbonic acid.</def>

<h1>Decarbonization</h1>
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<hw>De*car`bon*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The action or process of depriving a substance of carbon.</def>

<h1>Decarbonize</h1>
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<hw>De*car"bon*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decarbonized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decarbonizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deprive of carbon; <as>as, to <ex>decarbonize</ex> steel; to <ex>decarbonize</ex> the blood.</as></def>

<cs><col>Decarbonized iron</col>. <cd>See <er>Malleable iron</er>.</cd> -- <col>Decarbonized steel</col>, <cd>homogenous wrought iron made by a steel process, as that of Bessemer; ingot iron.</cd></cs>

<h1>Decarbonizer</h1>
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<hw>De*car"bon*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>He who, or that which, decarbonizes a substance.</def>

<h1>Decarburization</h1>
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<hw>De*car`bu*ri*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act, process, or result of decarburizing.</def>

<h1>Decarbuize</h1>
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<hw>De*car"bu*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of carbon; to remove the carbon from.</def>

<h1>Decard</h1>
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<hw>De*card"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To discard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>You have cast those by, <b>decarded</b> them.
<i>J. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decardinalize</h1>
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<hw>De*car"di*nal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To depose from the rank of cardinal.</def>

<h1>Decastere</h1>
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<hw>Dec"a*stere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>d\'82cast\'8are</ets>; Gr. <?/ ten + F. <ets>st\'8are</ets> a stere.]</ety> <fld>(Metric System)</fld> <def>A measure of capacity, equal to ten steres, or ten cubic meters.</def>

<h1>Decastich</h1>
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<hw>Dec"a*stich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>deca-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a row, a line of writing, a verse.]</ety> <def>A poem consisting of ten lines.</def>

<h1>Decastyle</h1>
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<hw>Dec"a*style</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ ten + <?/ a column.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Having ten columns in front; -- said of a portico, temple, etc.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A portico having ten pillars or columns in front.</def></def2>

<h1>Decasyllabic</h1>
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<hw>Dec`a*syl*lab"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>deca-</ets> + <ets>syllabic</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82casyllabique</ets>, <ets>d\'82casyllable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having, or consisting of, ten syllables.</def>

<h1>Decatoic</h1>
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<hw>Dec`a*to"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, decane.</def>

<h1>Decay</h1>
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<hw>De*cay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decayed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>decaeir</ets>, <ets>dechaer</ets>, <ets>decheoir</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82choir</ets>, to decline, fall, become less; L. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>cadere</ets> to fall. See <er>Chance</er>.]</ety> <def>To pass gradually from a sound, prosperous, or perfect state, to one of imperfection, adversity, or dissolution; to waste away; to decline; to fail; to become weak, corrupt, or disintegrated; to rot; to perish; <as>as, a tree <ex>decays</ex>; fortunes <ex>decay</ex>; hopes <ex>decay</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey,
Where wealth accumulates and men <b>decay</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decay</h1>
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<hw>De*cay"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to decay; to impair.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Infirmity, that <b>decays</b> the wise.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To destroy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Decay</h1>
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<hw>De*cay"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Gradual failure of health, strength, soundness, prosperity, or of any species of excellence or perfection; tendency toward dissolution or extinction; corruption; rottenness; decline; deterioration; <as>as, the <ex>decay</ex> of the body; the <ex>decay</ex> of virtue; the <ex>decay</ex> of the Roman empire; a castle in <ex>decay</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Perhaps my God, though he be far before,
May turn, and take me by the hand, and more -
May strengthen my <b>decays</b>.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His [Johnson's] failure was not to be ascribed to intellectual <b>decay</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Which has caused the <b>decay</b> of the consonants to follow somewhat different laws.
<i>James Byrne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destruction; death.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Cause of decay.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He that plots to be the only figure among ciphers, is the <b>decay</b> of the whole age.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Decline; consumption. See <er>Decline</er>.</syn>

<h1>Decayed</h1>
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<hw>De*cayed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fallen, as to physical or social condition; affected with decay; rotten; <as>as, <ex>decayed</ex> vegetation or vegetables; a <ex>decayed</ex> fortune or gentleman.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*cay"ed*ness</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Decayer</h1>
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<hw>De*cay"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A causer of decay.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Decease</h1>
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<hw>De*cease"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>deses</ets>, <ets>deces</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82c\'8as</ets>, fr. L. <ets>decessus</ets> departure, death, fr. <ets>decedere</ets> to depart, die; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>cedere</ets> to withdraw. See <er>Cease</er>, <er>Cede</er>.]</ety> <def>Departure, especially departure from this life; death.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>decease</b>, which he should accomplish at Jerusalem.
<i>Luke ix. 31.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And I, the whilst you mourn for his <b>decease</b>,
Will with my mourning plaints your plaint increase.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Death; departure; dissolution; demise; release. See <er>Death</er>.</syn>

<h1>Decease</h1>
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<hw>De*cease"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deceased</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deceasing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To depart from this life; to die; to pass away.</def>

<blockquote>She's dead, <b>deceased</b>, she's dead.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When our summers have <b>deceased</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Inasmuch as he carries the malignity and the lie with him, he so far <b>deceases</b> from nature.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deceased</h1>
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<hw>De*ceased"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Passed away; dead; gone.</def>

<cs><col>The deceased</col>, <cd>the dead person.</cd></cs>

<h1>Decede</h1>
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<hw>De*cede"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decedere</ets>. See <er>Decease</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To withdraw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Decedent</h1>
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<hw>De*ce"dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decedens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>decedere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Removing; departing.</def>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Decedent</h1>
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<hw>De*ce"dent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A deceased person.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Deceit</h1>
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<hw>De*ceit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>deceit</ets>, <ets>des<?/ait</ets>, <ets>decept</ets> (cf. <ets>deceite</ets>, <ets>de<?/oite</ets>), fr. L. <ets>deceptus</ets> deception, fr. <ets>decipere</ets>. See <er>Deceive</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An attempt or disposition to deceive or lead into error; any declaration, artifice, or practice, which misleads another, or causes him to believe what is false; a contrivance to entrap; deception; a wily device; fraud.</def>

<blockquote>Making the ephah small and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances by <b>deceit</b>.
<i>Amos viii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Friendly to man, far from <b>deceit</b> or guile.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Yet still we hug the dear <b>deceit</b>.
<i>N. Cotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Any trick, collusion, contrivance, false representation, or underhand practice, used to defraud another. When injury is thereby effected, an <i>action of deceit</i>, as it called, lies for compensation.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Deception; fraud; imposition; duplicity; trickery; guile; falsifying; double-dealing; stratagem. See <er>Deception</er>.</syn>

<h1>Deceitful</h1>
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<hw>De*ceit"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of, or characterized by, deceit; serving to mislead or insnare; trickish; fraudulent; cheating; insincere.</def>

<blockquote>Harboring foul <b>deceitful</b> thoughts.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deceitfully</h1>
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<hw>De*ceit"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With intent to deceive.</def>

<h1>Deceitfulness</h1>
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<hw>De*ceit"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The disposition to deceive; <as>as, a man's <ex>deceitfulness</ex> may be habitual</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of being deceitful; <as>as, the <ex>deceitfulness</ex> of a man's practices</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Tendency to mislead or deceive.</def> "The <i>deceitfulness</i> of riches."

<i>Matt. xiii. 22.</i>

<h1>Deceitless</h1>
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<hw>De*ceit"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from deceit.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Deceivable</h1>
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<hw>De*ceiv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82cevable</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Fitted to deceive; deceitful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The fraud of <b>deceivable</b> traditions.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Subject to deceit; capable of being misled.</def>

<blockquote>Blind, and thereby <b>deceivable</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deceivableness</h1>
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<hw>De*ceiv"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capability of deceiving.</def>

<blockquote>With all <b>deceivableness</b> of unrighteousness.
<i>2 Thess. ii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Liability to be deceived or misled; <as>as, the <ex>deceivableness</ex> of a child</as>.</def>

<h1>Deceivably</h1>
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<hw>De*ceiv"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a deceivable manner.</def>

<h1>Deceive</h1>
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<hw>De*ceive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deceived</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deceiving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>deceveir</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82cevoir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>decipere</ets> to catch, insnare, deceive; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>capere</ets> to take, catch. See <er>Capable</er>, and cf. <er>Deceit</er>, <er>Deception</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lead into error; to cause to believe what is false, or disbelieve what is true; to impose upon; to mislead; to cheat; to disappoint; to delude; to insnare.</def>

<blockquote>Evil men and seducers shall wax worse and worse, <b>deceiving</b>, and being <b>deceived</b>.
<i>2 Tim. iii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nimble jugglers that <b>deceive</b> the eye.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What can 'scape the eye
Of God all-seeing, or <b>deceive</b> his heart?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To beguile; to amuse, so as to divert the attention; to while away; to take away as if by deception.</def>

<blockquote>These occupations oftentimes <b>deceived</b>
The listless hour.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deprive by fraud or stealth; to defraud.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Plant fruit trees in large borders, and set therein fine flowers, but thin and sparingly, lest they <b>deceive</b> the trees.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Deceive</er>, <er>Delude</er>, <er>Mislead</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Deceive</i> is a general word applicable to any kind of misrepresentation affecting faith or life. <i>To delude</i>, primarily, is to make sport of, by deceiving, and is accomplished by playing upon one's imagination or credulity, as by exciting false hopes, causing him to undertake or expect what is impracticable, and making his failure ridiculous. It implies some infirmity of judgment in the victim, and intention to deceive in the deluder. But it is often used reflexively, indicating that a person's own weakness has made him the sport of others or of fortune; <as>as, he <ex>deluded</ex> himself with a belief that luck would always favor him</as>. <i>To mislead</i> is to lead, guide, or direct in a wrong way, either willfully or ignorantly.</usage>

<h1>Deceiver</h1>
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<hw>De*ceiv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who deceives; one who leads into error; a cheat; an impostor.</def>

<blockquote>The deceived and the <b>deceiver</b> are his.
<i>Job xii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Deceiver</er>, <er>Impostor</er>.</syn> <usage> A <i>deceiver</i> operates by stealth and in private upon individuals; an <i>impostor</i> practices his arts on the community at large. The one succeeds by artful falsehoods, the other by bold assumption. The faithless friend and the fickle lover are <i>deceivers</i>; the false prophet and the pretended prince are <i>impostors</i>.</usage>

<h1>December</h1>
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<hw>De*cem"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82cembre</ets>, from L. <ets>December</ets>, fr. <ets>decem</ets> ten; this being the tenth month among the early Romans, who began the year in March. See <er>Ten</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The twelfth and last month of the year, containing thirty-one days. During this month occurs the winter solstice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: With reference to the end of the year and to the winter season; <as>as, the <ex>December</ex> of his life</as>.</def>

<h1>Decemdentate</h1>
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<hw>De`cem*den"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decem</ets> ten + E. <ets>dentate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having ten points or teeth.</def>

<h1>Decemfid</h1>
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<hw>De*cem"fid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decem</ets> ten + root of <ets>findere</ets> to cleave.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Cleft into ten parts.</def>

<h1>Decemlocular</h1>
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<hw>De`cem*loc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decem</ets> ten + E. <ets>locular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having ten cells for seeds.</def>

<h1>Decempedal</h1>
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<hw>De*cem"pe*dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decem</ets> ten + E. <ets>pedal</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Ten feet in length.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having ten feet; decapodal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Decemvir</h1>
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<hw>De*cem"vir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Decemvirs</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Decemviri</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>decem</ets> ten + <ets>vir</ets> a man.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One of a body of ten magistrates in ancient Rome.</def>

<note>&hand; The title of <i>decemvirs</i> was given to various bodies of Roman magistrates. The most celebrated decemvirs framed "the laws of the Twelve Tables," about 450 <sc>B. C.</sc>, and had absolute authority for three years.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of any body of ten men in authority.</def>

<h1>Decemviral</h1>
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<hw>De*cem"vi*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decemviralis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the decemvirs in Rome.</def>

<h1>Decemvirate</h1>
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<hw>De*cem"vi*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decemviratus</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The office or term of office of the decemvirs in Rome.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A body of ten men in authority.</def>

<h1>Decemvirship</h1>
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<hw>De*cem"vir*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a decemvir.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Decence</h1>
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<hw>De"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Decency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Decency</h1>
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<hw>De"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Decencies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>decentia</ets>, fr. <ets>decens</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82cence</ets>. See <er>Decent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being decent, suitable, or becoming, in words or behavior; propriety of form in social intercourse, in actions, or in discourse; proper formality; becoming ceremony; seemliness; hence, freedom from obscenity or indecorum; modesty.</def>

<blockquote>Observances of time, place, and of <b>decency</b> in general.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Immodest words admit of no defense,
For want of <b>decency</b> is want of sense.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is proper or becoming.</def>

<blockquote>The external <b>decencies</b> of worship.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those thousand <b>decencies</b>, that daily flow
From all her words and actions.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decene</h1>
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<hw>De"cene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decem</ets> ten.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the higher hydrocarbons, <chform>C10H20</chform>, of the ethylene series.</def>

<h1>Decennary</h1>
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<hw>De*cen"na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Decennaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>decennium</ets> a period of ten years; <ets>decem</ets> ten + <ets>annus</ets> a year.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A period of ten years.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A tithing consisting of ten neighboring families.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Decennial</h1>
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<hw>De*cen"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Decennary</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of ten years; happening every ten years; <as>as, a <ex>decennial</ex> period; <ex>decennial</ex> games.</as></def>

<i>Hallam.</i>

<h1>Decennial</h1>
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<hw>De*cen"ni*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tenth year or tenth anniversary.</def>

<h1>Decennium</h1>
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<hw>De*cen"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Decenniums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Decennia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A period of ten years.</def> "The present <i>decennium</i>." <i>Hallam</i>. "The last <i>decennium</i> of Chaucer's life."

<i>A. W. Ward.</i>

<h1>Decennoval, Decennovary</h1>
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<hw><hw>De*cen"no*val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>De*cen"no*va*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decem</ets> ten + <ets>novem</ets> nine.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the number nineteen; of nineteen years.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Holder.</i>

<h1>Decent</h1>
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<hw>De"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decens</ets>, <ets>decentis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>decere</ets> to be fitting or becoming; akin to <ets>decus</ets> glory, honor, ornament, Gr. <?/ to seem good, to seem, think; cf. Skr. <ets>d<?/c</ets> to grant, to give; and perh. akin to E. <ets>attire</ets>, <ets>tire</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82cent</ets>. Cf. <er>Decorate</er>, <er>Decorum</er>, <er>Deig<?/</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Suitable in words, behavior, dress, or ceremony; becoming; fit; decorous; proper; seemly; <as>as, <ex>decent</ex> conduct; <ex>decent</ex> language.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Before his <b>decent</b> steps.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free from immodesty or obscenity; modest.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Comely; shapely; well-formed.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>A sable stole of cyprus lawn
Over thy <b>decent</b> shoulders drawn.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By foreign hands thy <b>decent</b> limbs composed.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Moderate, but competent; sufficient; hence, respectable; fairly good; reasonably comfortable or satisfying; <as>as, a <ex>decent</ex> fortune; a <ex>decent</ex> person.</as></def>

<blockquote>A <b>decent</b> retreat in the mutability of human affairs.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>De"cent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>De"cent*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Decentralization</h1>
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<hw>De*cen`tral*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The action of decentralizing, or the state of being decentralized.</def> "The <i>decentralization</i> of France."

<i>J. P. Peters.</i>

<h1>Decentralize</h1>
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<hw>De*cen"tral*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To prevent from centralizing; to cause to withdraw from the center or place of concentration; to divide and distribute (what has been united or concentrated); -- esp. said of authority, or the administration of public affairs.</def>

<h1>Deceptible</h1>
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<hw>De*cep"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being deceived; deceivable.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>De*cep`ti*bil"i*ty</wf> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Deception</h1>
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<hw>De*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82ception</ets>, L. <ets>deceptio</ets>, fr. <ets>decipere</ets>, <ets>deceptum</ets>. See <er>Deceive</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of deceiving or misleading.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being deceived or misled.</def>

<blockquote>There is one thing relating either to the action or enjoyments of man in which he is not liable to <b>deception</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which deceives or is intended to deceive; false representation; artifice; cheat; fraud.</def>

<blockquote>There was of course room for vast <b>deception</b>.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Deception</er>, <er>Deceit</er>, <er>Fraud</er>, <er>Imposition</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Deception</i> usually refers to the act, and <i>deceit</i> to the habit of the mind; hence we speak of a person as skilled in <i>deception</i> and addicted to <i>deceit</i>. The practice of <i>deceit</i> springs altogether from design, and that of the worst kind; but a <i>deception</i> does not always imply aim and intention. It may be undesigned or accidental. An <i>imposition</i> is an act of deception practiced upon some one to his annoyance or injury; a <i>fraud</i> implies the use of stratagem, with a view to some unlawful gain or advantage.</usage>

<h1>Deceptious</h1>
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<hw>De*cep"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>deceptiosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending deceive; delusive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>As if those organs had <b>deceptious</b> functions.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deceptive</h1>
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<hw>De*cep"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82ceptif</ets>. See <er>Deceive</er>.]</ety> <def>Tending to deceive; having power to mislead, or impress with false opinions; <as>as, a <ex>deceptive</ex> countenance or appearance</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Language altogether <b>deceptive</b>, and hiding the deeper reality from our eyes.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Deceptive cadence</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a cadence on the subdominant, or in some foreign key, postponing the final close.</cd></cs>

<h1>Deceptively</h1>
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<hw>De*cep"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner to deceive.</def>

<h1>Deceptiveness</h1>
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<hw>De*cep"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The power or habit of deceiving; tendency or aptness to deceive.</def>

<h1>Deceptivity</h1>
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<hw>De`cep*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Deceptiveness; a deception; a sham.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Deceptory</h1>
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<hw>De*cep"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deceptorius</ets>, from <ets>decipere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deceptive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Decern</h1>
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<hw>De*cern"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decernere</ets>. See <er>Decree</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To perceive, discern, or decide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Granmer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>To decree; to adjudge.</def>

<hr>
<page="376">
Page 376<p>

<h1>Decerniture</h1>
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<hw>De*cern"i*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A decree or sentence of a court.</def>

<i>Stormonth.</i>

<h1>Decerp</h1>
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<hw>De*cerp"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decerpere</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>carpere</ets> to pluck.]</ety> <def>To pluck off; to crop; to gather.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Decerpt</h1>
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<hw>De*cerpt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decerptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>decerpere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Plucked off or away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Decerptible</h1>
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<hw>De*cerp"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be plucked off, cropped, or torn away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Decerption</h1>
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<hw>De*cerp"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of plucking off; a cropping.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is plucked off or rent away; a fragment; a piece.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Decertation</h1>
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<hw>De`cer*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decertatio</ets>, fr. <ets>decertare</ets>, <ets>decertatum</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>certare</ets> to contend.]</ety> <def>Contest for mastery; contention; strife.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Arnway.</i>

<h1>Decession</h1>
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<hw>De*ces"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decessio</ets>, fr. <ets>decedere</ets> to depart. See <er>Decease</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Departure; decrease; -- opposed to <i>accesion</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Decharm</h1>
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<hw>De*charm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82charmer</ets>. See <er>Charm</er>.]</ety> <def>To free from a charm; to disenchant.</def>

<h1>Dechristianize</h1>
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<hw>De*chris"tian*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dechristianized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dechristianizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To turn from, or divest of, Christianity.</def>

<h1>Decidable</h1>
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<hw>De*cid"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being decided; determinable.</def>

<h1>Decide</h1>
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<hw>De*cide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decided</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deciding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dec\'c6dere</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>caedere</ets> to cut, cut off; prob. akin to E. <ets>shed</ets>, v.: cf. F. <ets>d\'82cider</ets>. Cf. <er>Decision</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut off; to separate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Our seat denies us traffic here;
The sea, too near, <b>decides</b> us from the rest.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring to a termination, as a question, controversy, struggle, by giving the victory to one side or party; to render judgment concerning; to determine; to settle.</def>

<blockquote>So shall thy judgment be; thyself hast <b>decided</b> it.
<i>1 Kings xx. 40.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The quarrel toucheth none but us alone;
Betwixt ourselves let us <b>decide</b> it then.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decide</h1>
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<hw>De*cide"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To determine; to form a definite opinion; to come to a conclusion; to give decision; <as>as, the court <ex>decided</ex> in favor of the defendant</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Who shall <b>decide</b>, when doctors disagree?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decided</h1>
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<hw>De*cid"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Free from ambiguity; unequivocal; unmistakable; unquestionable; clear; evident; <as>as, a <ex>decided</ex> advantage</as>.</def> "A more <i>decided</i> taste for science."

<i>Prescott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free from doubt or wavering; determined; of fixed purpose; fully settled; positive; resolute; <as>as, a <ex>decided</ex> opinion or purpose</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Decided</er>, <er>Decisive</er>.</syn> <usage> We call a thing <i>decisive</i> when it has the power or quality of deciding; as, a <ex>decisive</ex> battle; we speak of it as <i>decided</i> when it is so fully settled as to leave no room for doubt; as, a <ex>decided</ex> preference, a <ex>decided</ex> aversion. Hence, a <i>decided</i> victory is one about which there is no question; a <i>decisive</i> victory is one which ends the contest. <i>Decisive</i> is applied only to things; as, a <ex>decisive</ex> sentence, a <ex>decisive</ex> decree, a <ex>decisive</ex> judgment. <i>Decided</i> is applied equally to persons and things. Thus we speak of a man as <i>decided</i> in his whole of conduct; and as having a <i>decided</i> disgust, or a <i>decided</i> reluctance, to certain measures. "A politic caution, a guarded circumspection, were among the ruling principles of our forefathers in their most <i>decided</i> conduct." <i>Burke</i>. "The sentences of superior judges are final, <i>decisive</i>, and irrevocable.

<i>Blackstone.</i>
</usage>

<h1>Decidedly</h1>
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<hw>De*cid"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a decided manner; indisputably; clearly; thoroughly.</def>

<h1>Decidement</h1>
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<hw>De*cide"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Means of forming a decision.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Decidence</h1>
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<hw>Dec"i*dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decidens</ets> falling off.]</ety> <def>A falling off.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Decider</h1>
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<hw>De*cid"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who decides.</def>

<h1>Decidua</h1>
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<hw>De*cid"u*a</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>deciduus</ets>. See <er>Deciduous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The inner layer of the wall of the uterus, which envelops the embryo, forms a part of the placenta, and is discharged with it.</def>

<h1>Deciduata</h1>
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<hw>De*cid`u*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Mammalia in which a decidua is thrown off with, or after, the fetus, as in the human species.</def>

<h1>Deciduate</h1>
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<hw>De*cid"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Possessed of, or characterized by, a decidua.</def>

<h1>Deciduity</h1>
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<hw>Dec`i*du"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Deciduousness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Deciduous</h1>
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<hw>De*cid"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deciduus</ets>, fr. <ets>dec<?/dere</ets> to fall off; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>cadere</ets> to fall. See <er>Chance</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Falling off, or subject to fall or be shed, at a certain season, or a certain stage or interval of growth, as leaves (except of evergreens) in autumn, or as parts of animals, such as hair, teeth, antlers, etc.; also, shedding leaves or parts at certain seasons, stages, or intervals; <as>as, <ex>deciduous</ex> trees; the <ex>deciduous</ex> membrane.</as></def>

<h1>Deciduousness</h1>
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<hw>De*cid"u*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being deciduous.</def>

<h1>Decigram, Decigramme</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dec"i*gram</hw>, <hw>Dec"i*gramme</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82cigramme</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82ci-</ets> tenth (fr. L. <ets>decimus</ets>) + <ets>gramme</ets>.]</ety> <def>A weight in the metric system; one tenth of a gram, equal to 1.5432 grains avoirdupois.</def>

<h1>Decil, Decile</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dec"il</hw>, <hw>Dec"ile</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82cil</ets>, fr. L. <ets>decem</ets> ten<?/ cf. It. <ets>decile</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>An aspect or position of two planets, when they are distant from each other a tenth part of the zodiac, or 36&deg;.</def>

<h1>Deciliter, Decilitre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dec"i*li`ter</hw>, <hw>Dec"i*li`tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82cilitre</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82ci-</ets> tenth (L. <ets>decimus</ets>) + <ets>litre</ets>. See <er>Liter</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure of capacity or volume in the metric system; one tenth of a liter, equal to 6.1022 cubic inches, or 3.38 fluid ounces.</def>

<h1>Decillion</h1>
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<hw>De*cil"lion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decem</ets> ten + the ending of <ets>million</ets>.]</ety> <def>According to the English notation, a million involved to the tenth power, or a unit with sixty ciphers annexed; according to the French and American notation, a thousand involved to the eleventh power, or a unit with thirty-three ciphers annexed. [See the Note under <er>Numeration</er>.]</def>

<h1>Decillionth</h1>
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<hw>De*cil"lionth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a decillion, or to the quotient of unity divided by a decillion.</def>

<h1>Decillionth</h1>
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<hw>De*cil"lionth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The quotient of unity divided by a decillion.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of a decillion equal parts.</def>

<h1>Decimal</h1>
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<hw>Dec"i*mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82cimal</ets> (cf. LL. <ets>decimalis</ets>), fr. L. <ets>decimus</ets> tenth, fr. <ets>decem</ets> ten. See <er>Ten</er>, and cf. <er>Dime</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to decimals; numbered or proceeding by tens; having a tenfold increase or decrease, each unit being ten times the unit next smaller; <as>as, <ex>decimal</ex> notation; a <ex>decimal</ex> coinage.</as></def>

<cs><col>Decimal arithmetic</col>, <cd>the common arithmetic, in which numeration proceeds by tens.</cd> -- <col>Decimal fraction</col>, <cd>a fraction in which the denominator is some power of 10, as <?/, <?/, and is usually not expressed, but is signified by a point placed at the left hand of the numerator, as <?/2, <?/25.</cd> -- <col>Decimal point</col>, <cd>a dot or full stop at the left of a decimal fraction. The figures at the left of the point represent units or whole numbers, as 1.05.</cd></cs>

<h1>Decimal</h1>
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<hw>Dec"i*mal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A number expressed in the scale of tens; specifically, and almost exclusively, used as synonymous with a decimal fraction.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Circulating</col>, &or; <col>Circulatory</col>, <col>decimal</col></mcol>, <cd>a decimal fraction in which the same figure, or set of figures, is constantly repeated; as, 0.354354354; -- called also <altname>recurring decimal</altname>, <altname>repeating decimal</altname>, and <altname>repetend</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Decimalism</h1>
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<hw>Dec"i*mal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The system of a decimal currency, decimal weights, measures, etc.</def>

<h1>Decimalize</h1>
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<hw>Dec"i*mal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reduce to a decimal system; <as>as, to <ex>decimalize</ex> the currency</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dec`i*mal*i*za"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Decimally</h1>
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<hw>Dec"i*mal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By tens; by means of decimals.</def>

<h1>Decimate</h1>
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<hw>Dec"i*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decimated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decimating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>decimatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>decimare</ets> to decimate (in senses 1 & 2), fr. <ets>decimus</ets> tenth. See <er>Decimal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To take the tenth part of; to tithe.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To select by lot and punish with death every tenth man of; <as>as, to <ex>decimate</ex> a regiment as a punishment for mutiny</as>.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To destroy a considerable part of; <as>as, to <ex>decimate</ex> an army in battle; to <ex>decimate</ex> a people by disease.</as></def>

<h1>Decimation</h1>
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<hw>Dec`i*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decimatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82cimation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A tithing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>State Trials (1630).</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A selection of every tenth person by lot, as for punishment.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The destruction of any large proportion, as of people by pestilence or war.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Decimator</h1>
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<hw>Dec"i*ma`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>decimator</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who decimates.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>D\'82cime</h1>
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<hw>D\'82`cime"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A French coin, the tenth part of a franc, equal to about two cents.</def>

<h1>Decimeter, Decimetre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dec"i*me`ter</hw>, <hw>Dec"i*me`tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82cim\'8atre</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82ci-</ets> tenth (fr. L. <ets>decimus</ets>) + <ets>m\'8atre</ets>. See <er>Meter</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure of length in the metric system; one tenth of a meter, equal to 3.937 inches.</def>

<h1>Decimosexto</h1>
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<hw>Dec`i*mo*sex"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prop., in sixteenth; fr. L. <ets>decimus</ets> tenth + <ets>sextus</ets> sixth.]</ety> <def>A book consisting of sheets, each of which is folded into sixteen leaves; hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of book; -- usually written 16mo or 16&deg;.</def>

<h1>Decimosexto</h1>
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<hw>Dec`i*mo*sex"to</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having sixteen leaves to a sheet; <as>as, a <ex>decimosexto</ex> form, book, leaf, size</as>.</def>

<h1>Decine</h1>
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<hw>De"cine</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>decem</ets> ten.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the higher hydrocarbons, <wordforms>C10H15</wordforms>, of the acetylene series; -- called also <altname>decenylene</altname>.</def>

<h1>Decipher</h1>
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<hw>De*ci"pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deciphered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deciphering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>cipher</ets>. Formed in imitation of F. <ets>d\'82chiffrer</ets>. See <er>Cipher</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To translate from secret characters or ciphers into intelligible terms; <as>as, to <ex>decipher</ex> a letter written in secret characters</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To find out, so as to be able to make known the meaning of; to make out or read, as words badly written or partly obliterated; to detect; to reveal; to unfold.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To stamp; to detect; to discover.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>You are both <b>deciphered</b>, . . .
For villains.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decipherable</h1>
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<hw>De*ci"pher*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being deciphered; <as>as, old writings not <ex>decipherable</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Decipherer</h1>
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<hw>De*ci"pher*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who deciphers.</def>

<h1>Decipheress</h1>
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<hw>De*ci"pher*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who deciphers.</def>

<h1>Decipherment</h1>
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<hw>De*ci"pher*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of deciphering.</def>

<h1>Decipiency</h1>
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<hw>De*cip"i*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decipiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>decipere</ets>. See <er>Deceive</er>.]</ety> <def>State of being deceived; hallucination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Decipium</h1>
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<hw>De*cip"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>decipere</ets> to deceive.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A supposed rare element, said to be associated with cerium, yttrium, etc., in the mineral samarskite, and more recently called <i>samarium</i>. Symbol Dp. See <er>Samarium</er>.</def>

<h1>Decision</h1>
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<hw>De*ci"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decisio</ets>, fr. <ets>dec\'c6dere</ets>, <ets>decisum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82cision</ets>. See <er>Decide</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Cutting off; division; detachment of a part.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of deciding; act of settling or terminating, as a controversy, by giving judgment on the matter at issue; determination, as of a question or doubt; settlement; conclusion.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>decision</b> of some dispute.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An account or report of a conclusion, especially of a legal adjudication or judicial determination of a question or cause; <as>as, a <ex>decision</ex> of arbitrators; a <ex>decision</ex> of the Supreme Court.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The quality of being decided; prompt and fixed determination; unwavering firmness; <as>as, to manifest great <ex>decision</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Decision</er>, <er>Determination</er>, <er>Resolution</er>.</syn> <usage> Each of these words has two meanings, one implying the act of deciding, determining, or resolving; and the other a <i>habit of mind</i> as to doing. It is in the last sense that the words are here compared. <i>Decision</i> is a <i>cutting short</i>. It implies that several courses of action have been presented to the mind, and that the choice is now finally made. It supposes, therefore, a union of promptitude and energy. <i>Determination</i> is the natural consequence of decision. It is the settling of a thing with a fixed purpose to adhere. <i>Resolution</i> is the necessary result in a mind which is characterized by firmness. It is a spirit which <i>scatters</i> (resolves) all doubt, and is ready to face danger or suffering in carrying out one's determinations. Martin Luther was equally distinguished for his prompt <i>decision</i>, his steadfast <i>determination</i>, and his inflexible <i>resolution</i>.</usage>

<h1>Decisive</h1>
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<hw>De*ci*sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82cisif</ets>. See <er>Decision</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the power or quality of deciding a question or controversy; putting an end to contest or controversy; final; conclusive. "A <i>decisive</i>, irrevocable doom." <i>Bates</i>. "<i>Decisive</i> campaign." <i>Macaulay</i>.</def> "<i>Decisive</i> proof."

<i>Hallam.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Marked by promptness and decision.</def>

<blockquote>A noble instance of this attribute of the <b>decisive</b> character.
<i>J. Foster.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Decided; positive; conclusive. See <er>Decided</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>De*ci"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>De*ci"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Decisory</h1>
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<hw>De*ci"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82cisoire</ets>. See <er>Decision</er>.]</ety> <def>Able to decide or determine; having a tendency to decide.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Decistere</h1>
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<hw>Dec"i*stere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82cist\'8are</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82ci-</ets> tenth (fr. L. <ets>decimus</ets>) + <ets>st\'8are</ets> a stere.]</ety> <fld>(Metric System)</fld> <def>The tenth part of the stere or cubic meter, equal to 3.531 cubic feet. See <er>Stere</er>.</def>

<h1>Decitizenize</h1>
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<hw>De*cit"i*zen*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of the rights of citizenship.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>We have no law -- as the French have -- to <b>decitizenize</b> a citizen.
<i>Edw. Bates.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decivilize</h1>
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<hw>De*civ"i*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reduce from civilization to a savage state.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Blackwood's Mag.</i>

<h1>Deck</h1>
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<hw>Deck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D. <ets>dekken</ets> to cover; akin to E. <ets>thatch</ets>. See <er>Thatch</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover; to overspread.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>deck</b> with clouds the uncolored sky.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dress, as the person; to clothe; especially, to clothe with more than ordinary elegance; to array; to adorn; to embellish.</def>

<blockquote><b>Deck</b> thyself now with majesty and excellency.
<i>Job xl. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And <b>deck</b> my body in gay ornaments.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The dew with spangles <b>decked</b> the ground.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish with a deck, as a vessel.</def>

<h1>Deck</h1>
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<hw>Deck</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>dek</ets>. See <er>Deck</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The floorlike covering of the horizontal sections, or compartments, of a ship. Small vessels have only one deck; larger ships have two or three decks.</def>

<note>&hand; The following are the more common names of the decks of vessels having more than one.</note>

<cs><col>Berth deck</col> <fld>(Navy)</fld>, <cd>a deck next below the gun deck, where the hammocks of the crew are swung.</cd> -- <col>Boiler deck</col> <fld>(River Steamers)</fld>, <cd>the deck on which the boilers are placed.</cd> -- <col>Flush deck</col>, <cd>any continuous, unbroken deck from stem to stern.</cd> -- <col>Gun deck</col> <fld>(Navy)</fld>, <cd>a deck below the spar deck, on which the ship's guns are carried. If there are two gun decks, the upper one is called the <i>main deck<i>, the lower, the <i>lower gun deck<i>; if there are three, one is called the <i>middle gun deck<i>.</cd> -- <col>Half-deck</col>, <cd>that portion of the deck next below the spar deck which is between the mainmast and the cabin.</cd> -- <col>Hurricane deck</col> <fld>(River Steamers, etc.)</fld>, <cd>the upper deck, usually a light deck, erected above the frame of the hull.</cd> -- <col>Orlop deck</col>, <cd>the deck or part of a deck where the cables are stowed, usually below the water line.</cd> -- <col>Poop deck</col>, <cd>the deck forming the roof of a poop or poop cabin, built on the upper deck and extending from the mizzenmast aft.</cd> -- <col>Quarter-deck</col>, <cd>the part of the upper deck abaft the mainmast, including the poop deck when there is one.</cd> -- <col>Spar deck</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Same as the upper deck.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Sometimes a light deck fitted over the upper deck.</cd> -- <col>Upper deck</col>, <cd>the highest deck of the hull, extending from stem to stern.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(arch.)</fld> <def>The upper part or top of a mansard roof or curb roof when made nearly flat.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>The roof of a passenger car.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A pack or set of playing cards.</def>

<blockquote>The king was slyly fingered from the <b>deck</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A heap or store.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Who . . . hath such trinkets
Ready in the <b>deck</b>.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Between decks</col>. <cd>See under <er>Between</er>.</cd> -- <col>Deck bridge</col> <fld>(Railroad Engineering)</fld>, <cd>a bridge which carries the track upon the upper chords; -- distinguished from a <i>through bridge<i>, which carries the track upon the lower chords, between the girders.</cd> -- <col>Deck curb</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a curb supporting a deck in roof construction.</cd> -- <col>Deck floor</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a floor which serves also as a roof, as of a belfry or balcony.</cd> -- <col>Deck hand</col>, <cd>a sailor hired to help on the vessel's deck, but not expected to go aloft.</cd> -- <col>Deck molding</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the molded finish of the edge of a deck, making the junction with the lower slope of the roof.</cd> -- <col>Deck roof</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a nearly flat roof which is not surmounted by parapet walls.</cd> -- <col>Deck transom</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>the transom into which the deck is framed.</cd> -- <col>To clear the decks</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to remove every unnecessary incumbrance in preparation for battle; to prepare for action.</cd> -- <col>To sweep the deck</col> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld>, <cd>to clear off all the stakes on the table by winning them.</cd></cs>

<h1>Deckel</h1>
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<hw>Deck"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paper Making)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Deckle</er>.</def>

<h1>Decker</h1>
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<hw>Deck"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, decks or adorns; a coverer; <as>as, a table <ex>decker</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vessel which has a deck or decks; -- used esp. in composition; <as>as, a single-<ex>decker</ex>; a three-<ex>decker</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Deckle</h1>
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<hw>Dec"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>deckel</ets> cover, lid.]</ety> <fld>(Paper Making)</fld> <def>A separate thin wooden frame used to form the border of a hand mold, or a curb of India rubber or other material which rests on, and forms the edge of, the mold in a paper machine and determines the width of the paper.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>deckel</asp>, and <asp>deckle</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Declaim</h1>
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<hw>De*claim"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Declaimed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Declaiming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>declamare</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>clamare</ets> to cry out: cf. F. <ets>d\'82clamer</ets>. See <er>Claim</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To speak rhetorically; to make a formal speech or oration; to harangue; specifically, to recite a speech, poem, etc., in public as a rhetorical exercise; to practice public speaking; <as>as, the students <ex>declaim</ex> twice a week</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To speak for rhetorical display; to speak pompously, noisily, or theatrically; to make an empty speech; to rehearse trite arguments in debate; to rant.</def>

<blockquote>Grenville seized the opportunity to <b>declaim</b> on the repeal of the stamp act.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="377">
Page 377<p>

<h1>Declaim</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*claim"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter in public; to deliver in a rhetorical or set manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To defend by declamation; to advocate loudly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Declaims</i> his cause."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Declaimant</h1>
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<hw>De*claim"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A declaimer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Declaimer</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*claim"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who declaims; an haranguer.</def>

<h1>Declamation</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>Dec`la*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>declamatio</ets>, from <ets>declamare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82clamation</ets>. See <er>Declaim</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or art of declaiming; rhetorical delivery; haranguing; loud speaking in public; especially, the public recitation of speeches as an exercise in schools and colleges; <as>as, the practice <ex>declamation</ex> by students</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The public listened with little emotion, but with much civility, to five acts of monotonous <b>declamation</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A set or harangue; declamatory discourse.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pretentious rhetorical display, with more sound than sense; <as>as, mere <ex>declamation</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Declamator</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>Dec"la*ma`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A declaimer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Declamatory</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clam"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>declamatorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82clamatoire</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to declamation; treated in the manner of a rhetorician; <as>as, a <ex>declamatory</ex> theme</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by rhetorical display; pretentiously rhetorical; without solid sense or argument; bombastic; noisy; <as>as, a <ex>declamatory</ex> way or style</as>.</def>

<h1>Declarable</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clar"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being declared.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Declarant</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clar"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82clarant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>d\'82clarer</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who declares.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Declaration</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>Dec`la*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82claration</ets>, fr. L. <ets>declaratio</ets>, fr. <ets>declarare</ets>. See <er>Declare</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of declaring, or publicly announcing; explicit asserting; undisguised token of a ground or side taken on any subject; proclamation; exposition; <as>as, the <ex>declaration</ex> of an opinion; a <ex>declaration</ex> of war, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is declared or proclaimed; announcement; distinct statement; formal expression; avowal.</def>

<blockquote><b>Declarations</b> of mercy and love . . . in the Gospel.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The document or instrument containing such statement or proclamation; <as>as, the <ex>Declaration</ex> of Independence (now preserved in Washington)</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In 1776 the Americans laid before Europe that noble <b>Declaration</b>, which ought to be hung up in the nursery of every king, and blazoned on the porch of every royal palace.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>That part of the process in which the plaintiff sets forth in order and at large his cause of complaint; the narration of the plaintiff's case containing the count, or counts. See <er>Count</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<cs><col>Declaration of Independence</col>. <fld>(Amer. Hist.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Independence</er>.</cd> -- <col>Declaration of rights</col>. <fld>(Eng. Hist)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Bill of rights</cref>, under <er>Bill</er>.</cd> -- <col>Declaration of trust</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a paper subscribed by a grantee of property, acknowledging that he holds it in trust for the purposes and upon the terms set forth.</cd></cs>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Declarative</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clar"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>declarativus</ets>, fr. <ets>declarare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82claratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Making declaration, proclamation, or publication; explanatory; assertive; declaratory.</def> "<i>Declarative</i> laws."

<i>Baker.</i>

<blockquote>The "vox populi," so <b>declarative</b> on the same side.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Declaratively</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clar"a*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By distinct assertion; not impliedly; in the form of a declaration.</def>

<blockquote>The priest shall expiate it, that is, <b>declaratively</b>.
<i>Bates.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Declarator</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>Dec"la*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., an announcer.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A form of action by which some right or interest is sought to be judicially declared.</def>

<h1>Declaratorily</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clar"a*to*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a declaratory manner.</def>

<h1>Declaratory</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clar"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82claratoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Making declaration, explanation, or exhibition; making clear or manifest; affirmative; expressive; <as>as, a clause <ex>declaratory</ex> of the will of the legislature</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Declaratory act</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an act or statute which sets forth more clearly, and declares what is, the existing law.</cd></cs>

<h1>Declare</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clare"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <i>v. t.</i> <wordforms>[<tt>imp</tt>. & <tt>p</tt>. <tt>p</tt>. <er>Declared</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p</tt>. <tt>pr</tt>. & <tt>vb</tt>. <tt>n</tt>. <er>Declaring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82clarer</ets>, from L. <ets>declarare</ets>; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>clarare</ets> to make clear, <ets>clarus</ets>, clear, bright. See <er>Clear</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make clear; to free from obscurity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>declare</i> this a little."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make known by language; to communicate or manifest explicitly and plainly in any way; to exhibit; to publish; to proclaim; to announce.</def>

<blockquote>This day I have begot whom I <b>declare</b>
My only Son.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The heavens <b>declare</b> the glory of God.
<i>Ps. xix. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make declaration of; to assert; to affirm; to set forth; to avow; <as>as, he <ex>declares</ex> the story to be false</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I the Lord . . . <b>declare</b> things that are right.
<i>Isa. xlv. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To make full statement of, as goods, etc., for the purpose of paying taxes, duties, etc.</def>

<cs><col>To declare off</col>, <cd>to recede from an agreement, undertaking, contract, etc.; to renounce.</cd> -- <col>To declare one's self</col>, <cd>to avow one's opinion; to show openly what one thinks, or which side he espouses.</cd></cs>

<h1>Declare</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clare"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a declaration, or an open and explicit avowal; to proclaim one's self; -- often with <i>for</i> or <i>against</i>; <as>as, victory <ex>declares</ex> against the allies</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Like fawning courtiers, for success they wait,
And then come smiling, and <b>declare</b> for fate.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To state the plaintiff's cause of action at law in a legal form; <as>as, the plaintiff <ex>declares</ex> in trespass</as>.</def>

<h1>Declaredly</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clar"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Avowedly; explicitly.</def>

<h1>Declaredness</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clar"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being declared.</def>

<h1>Declarement</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clare"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Declaration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Declarer</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clar"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes known or proclaims; that which exhibits.</def>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Declension</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clen"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Apparently corrupted fr. F. <ets>d\'82clinaison</ets>, fr. L. <ets>declinatio</ets>, fr. <ets>declinare</ets>. See <er>Decline</er>, and cf. <er>Declination</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or the state of declining; declination; descent; slope.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>declension</b> of the land from that place to the sea.
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A falling off towards a worse state; a downward tendency; deterioration; decay; <as>as, the <ex>declension</ex> of virtue, of science, of a state, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Seduced the pitch and height of all his thoughts
To base <b>declension</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Act of courteously refusing; act of declining; a declinature; refusal; <as>as, the <ex>declension</ex> of a nomination</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Inflection of nouns, adjectives, etc., according to the grammatical cases.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The form of the inflection of a word declined by cases; <as>as, the first or the second <ex>declension</ex> of nouns, adjectives, etc.</as> </def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Rehearsing a word as declined.</def>

<note>&hand; The nominative was held to be the primary and original form, and was likened to a perpendicular line; the variations, or <i>oblique</i> cases, were regarded as fallings (hence called <i>casus</i>, cases, or fallings) from the nominative or perpendicular; and an enumerating of the various forms, being a sort of progressive descent from the noun's upright form, was called a <i>declension</i>.</note>

<i>Harris.</i>

<cs><col>Declension of the needle</col>, <cd>declination of the needle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Declensional</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clen"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to declension.</def>

<blockquote><b>Declensional</b> and syntactical forms.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Declinable</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clin"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82clinable</ets>. See <er>Decline</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being declined; admitting of declension or inflection; <as>as, <ex>declinable</ex> parts of speech</as>.</def>

<h1>Declinal</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clin"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Declining; sloping.</def>

<h1>Declinate</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>Dec"li*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>declinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>declinare</ets>. See <er>Decline</er>.]</ety> <def>Bent downward or aside; <fld>(Bot.)</fld> bending downward in a curve; declined.</def>

<h1>Declination</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>Dec`li*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>declinatio</ets> a bending aside, an avoiding: cf. F. <ets>d\'82clination</ets> a decadence. See <er>Declension</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of bending downward; inclination; <as>as, <ex>declination</ex> of the head</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or state of falling off or declining from excellence or perfection; deterioration; decay; decline.</def> "The <i>declination</i> of monarchy."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Summer . . . is not looked on as a time
Of <b>declination</b> or decay.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of deviating or turning aside; oblique motion; obliquity; withdrawal.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>declination</b> of atoms in their descent.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Every <b>declination</b> and violation of the rules.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act or state of declining or refusing; withdrawal; refusal; averseness.</def>

<blockquote>The queen's <b>declination</b> from marriage.
<i>Stow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The angular distance of any object from the celestial equator, either northward or southward.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Dialing)</fld> <def>The arc of the horizon, contained between the vertical plane and the prime vertical circle, if reckoned from the east or west, or between the meridian and the plane, reckoned from the north or south.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The act of inflecting a word; declension. See <er>Decline</er>, <i>v. t.</i>, 4.</def>

<cs><col>Angle of declination</col>, <cd>the angle made by a descending line, or plane, with a horizontal plane.</cd> -- <col>Circle of declination</col>, <cd>a circle parallel to the celestial equator.</cd> -- <col>Declination compass</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>a compass arranged for finding the declination of the magnetic needle.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Declination of the compass</col> &or; <col>needle</col></mcol>, <cd>the horizontal angle which the magnetic needle makes with the true north-and-south line.</cd></cs>

<h1>Declinator</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>Dec"li*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82clinateur</ets>. See <er>Decline</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument for taking the declination or angle which a plane makes with the horizontal plane.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dissentient.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hacket.</i>

<h1>Declinatory</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clin"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>declinatorius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>declinare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82clinatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing or involving a declination or refusal, as of submission to a charge or sentence.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><col>Declinatory plea</col> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>the plea of sanctuary or of benefit of clergy, before trial or conviction; -- now abolished.</cd></cs>

<h1>Declinature</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clin"a*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of declining or refusing; <as>as, the <ex>declinature</ex> of an office</as>.</def>

<h1>Decline</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*cline"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Declined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Declining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>declinen</ets> to bend down, lower, sink, decline (a noun), F. <ets>d\'82cliner</ets> to decline, refuse, fr. L. <ets>declinare</ets> to turn aside, inflect (a part of speech), avoid; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>clinare</ets> to incline; akin to E. <ets>lean</ets>. See <er>Lean</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To bend, or lean downward; to take a downward direction; to bend over or hang down, as from weakness, weariness, despondency, etc.; to condescend.</def> "With <i>declining</i> head."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He . . . would <b>decline</b> even to the lowest of his family.
<i>Lady Hutchinson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Disdaining to <b>decline</b>,
Slowly he falls, amidst triumphant cries.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ground at length became broken and <b>declined</b> rapidly.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To tend or draw towards a close, decay, or extinction; to tend to a less perfect state; to become diminished or impaired; to fail; to sink; to diminish; to lessen; <as>as, the day <ex>declines</ex>; virtue <ex>declines</ex>; religion <ex>declines</ex>; business <ex>declines</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>That empire must <b>decline</b>
Whose chief support and sinews are of coin.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And presume to know . . .
Who thrives, and who <b>declines</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To turn or bend aside; to deviate; to stray; to withdraw; <as>as, a line that <ex>declines</ex> from straightness; conduct that <ex>declines</ex> from sound morals.</as></def>

<blockquote>Yet do I not <b>decline</b> from thy testimonies.
<i>Ps. cxix. 157.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To turn away; to shun; to refuse; -- the opposite of <i>accept</i> or <i>consent</i>; <as>as, he <ex>declined</ex>, upon principle</as>.</def>

<h1>Decline</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*cline"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To bend downward; to bring down; to depress; to cause to bend, or fall.</def>

<blockquote>In melancholy deep, with head <b>declined</b>.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And now fair Phoebus gan <b>decline</b> in haste
His weary wagon to the western vale.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to decrease or diminish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "You have <i>declined</i> his means."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<blockquote>He knoweth his error, but will not seek to <b>decline</b> it.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To put or turn aside; to turn off or away from; to refuse to undertake or comply with; reject; to shun; to avoid; <as>as, to <ex>decline</ex> an offer; to <ex>decline</ex> a contest; he <ex>declined</ex> any participation with them.</as></def>

<blockquote>Could I
<b>Decline</b> this dreadful hour?
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To inflect, or rehearse in order the changes of grammatical form of; <as>as, to <ex>decline</ex> a noun or an adjective</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; Now restricted to such words as have case inflections; but formerly it was applied both to declension and conjugation.</note>

<blockquote>After the first <b>declining</b> of a noun and a verb.
<i>Ascham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To run through from first to last; to repeat like a schoolboy declining a noun.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Decline</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*cline"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82clin</ets>. See <er>Decline</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A falling off; a tendency to a worse state; diminution or decay; deterioration; also, the period when a thing is tending toward extinction or a less perfect state; <as>as, the <ex>decline</ex> of life; the <ex>decline</ex> of strength; the <ex>decline</ex> of virtue and religion.</as></def>

<blockquote>Their fathers lived in the <b>decline</b> of literature.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>That period of a disorder or paroxysm when the symptoms begin to abate in violence; <as>as, the <ex>decline</ex> of a fever</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A gradual sinking and wasting away of the physical faculties; any wasting disease, esp. pulmonary consumption; <as>as, to die of a <ex>decline</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Decline</er>, <er>Decay</er>, <er>Consumption</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Decline</i> marks the first stage in a downward progress; <i>decay</i> indicates the second stage, and denotes a tendency to ultimate destruction; <i>consumption</i> marks a steady decay from an internal exhaustion of strength. The health may experience a <i>decline</i> from various causes at any period of life; it is naturally subject to <i>decay</i> with the advance of old age; <i>consumption</i> may take place at almost any period of life, from disease which wears out the constitution. In popular language <i>decline</i> is often used as synonymous with <i>consumption</i>. By a gradual <i>decline</i>, states and communities lose their strength and vigor; by progressive <i>decay</i>, they are stripped of their honor, stability, and greatness; by a <i>consumption</i> of their resources and vital energy, they are led rapidly on to a completion of their existence.</usage>

<h1>Declined</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clined"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Declinate.</def>

<h1>Decliner</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clin"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>He who declines or rejects.</def>

<blockquote>A studious <b>decliner</b> of honors.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Declinometer</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>Dec`li*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Decline</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the declination of the magnetic needle.</def>

<h1>Declinous</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*clin"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Declinate.</def>

<h1>Declivitous, Declivous</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw><hw>De*cliv"i*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>De*cli"vous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Descending gradually; moderately steep; sloping; downhill.</def>

<h1>Declivity</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*cliv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Declivities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>declivitas</ets>, fr. <ets>declivis</ets> sloping, downhill; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>clivus</ets> a slope, a hill; akin to <ets>clinare</ets> to incline: cf. F. <ets>d\'82clivit\'82</ets>. See <er>Decline</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Deviation from a horizontal line; gradual descent of surface; inclination downward; slope; -- opposed to <i>acclivity</i>, or ascent; the same slope, considered as <i>descending</i>, being a <i>declivity</i>, which, considered as <i>ascending</i>, is an <i>acclivity</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A descending surface; a sloping place.</def>

<blockquote>Commodious <b>declivities</b> and channels for the passage of the waters.
<i>Derham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decoct</h1>
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<hw>De*coct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decocted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decocting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>decoctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>decoquere</ets> to boil down; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>coquere</ets> to cook, boil. See <er>Cook</er> to decoct.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To prepare by boiling; to digest in hot or boiling water; to extract the strength or flavor of by boiling; to make an infusion of.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prepare by the heat of the stomach for assimilation; to digest; to concoct.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To warm, strengthen, or invigorate, as if by boiling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Decoct</i> their cold blood."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Decoctible</h1>
<Xpage=377>

<hw>De*coct"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being boiled or digested.</def>

<h1>Decoction</h1>
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<hw>De*coc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82coction</ets>, L. <ets>decoctio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of boiling anything in a watery fluid to extract its virtues.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>decoction</b> . . . it either purgeth at the top or settleth at the bottom.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An extract got from a body by boiling it in water.</def>

<blockquote>If the plant be boiled in water, the strained liquor is called the <b>decoction</b> of the plant.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In pharmacy <b>decoction</b> is opposed to infusion, where there is merely steeping.
<i>Latham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decocture</h1>
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<hw>De*coc"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A decoction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Decollate</h1>
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<hw>De*col"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decollated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decollating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>decollatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>decollare</ets> to behead; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>collum</ets> neck.]</ety> <def>To sever from the neck; to behead; to decapitate.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>decollated</b> head of St. John the Baptist.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decollated</h1>
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<hw>De*col"la*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Decapitated; worn or cast off in the process of growth, as the apex of certain univalve shells.</def>

<h1>Decollation</h1>
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<hw>De`col*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decollatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82collation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of beheading or state of one beheaded; -- especially used of the execution of St. John the Baptist.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A painting representing the beheading of a saint or martyr, esp. of St. John the Baptist.</def>

<h1>D\'82collet\'82</h1>
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<hw>D\'82`col`le*t\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. p. of <ets>d\'82colleter</ets> to bare the neck and shoulders; <ets>d\'82-</ets> + <ets>collet</ets> collar, fr. L. <ets>collum</ets> neck.]</ety> <def>Leaving the neck and shoulders uncovered; cut low in the neck, or low-necked, as a dress.</def>

<h1>Decolling</h1>
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<hw>De*col"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Beheading.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>By a speedy dethroning and <b>decolling</b> of the king.
<i>Parliamentary History (1648).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decolor</h1>
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<hw>De*col"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82colorer</ets>, L. <ets>decolorare</ets>. Cf. <er>Discolor</er>.]</ety> <def>To deprive of color; to bleach.</def>

<h1>Decolorant</h1>
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<hw>De*col"or*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82colorant</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>A substance which removes color, or bleaches.</def>

<h1>Decolorate</h1>
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<hw>De*col"or*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decoloratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>decolorare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deprived of color.</def>

<h1>Decolorate</h1>
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<hw>De*col"or*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To decolor.</def>

<hr>
<page="378">
Page 378<p>

<h1>Decoloration</h1>
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<hw>De*col`or*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decoloratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82coloration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The removal or absence of color.</def>

<i>Ferrand.</i>

<h1>Decolorize</h1>
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<hw>De*col"or*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of color; to whiten.</def> <i>Turner</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>De*col`or*i*za"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Decomplex</h1>
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<hw>De"com*plex`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> (intens.) + <ets>complex</ets>.]</ety> <def>Repeatedly compound; made up of complex constituents.</def>

<h1>Decomposable</h1>
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<hw>De`com*pos"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being resolved into constituent elements.</def>

<h1>Decompose</h1>
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<hw>De`com*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decomposed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decomposing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82composer</ets>. Cf. <er>Discompose</er>.]</ety> <def>To separate the constituent parts of; to resolve into original elements; to set free from previously existing forms of chemical combination; to bring to dissolution; to rot or decay.</def>

<h1>Decompose</h1>
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<hw>De`com*pose"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become resolved or returned from existing combinations; to undergo dissolution; to decay; to rot.</def>

<h1>Decomposed</h1>
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<hw>De`com*posed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Separated or broken up; -- said of the crest of birds when the feathers are divergent.</def>

<h1>Decomposite</h1>
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<hw>De`com*pos"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> (intens.) + <ets>composite</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Compounded more than once; compounded with things already composite.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Decompound</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Decomposite</h1>
<Xpage=378>

<hw>De`com*pos"ite</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything decompounded.</def>

<blockquote><b>Decomposites</b> of three metals or more.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decomposition</h1>
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<hw>De*com`po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> (in sense 3 intensive) + <ets>composition</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82composition</ets>. Cf. <er>Decomposition</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of resolving the constituent parts of a compound body or substance into its elementary parts; separation into constituent part; analysis; the decay or dissolution consequent on the removal or alteration of some of the ingredients of a compound; disintegration; <as>as, the <ex>decomposition</ex> of wood, rocks, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being reduced into original elements.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Repeated composition; a combination of compounds.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Decomposition of forces</col>. <cd>Same as <i>Resolution of forces<i>, under <er>Resolution</er>.</cd> -- <col>Decomposition of light</col>, <cd>the division of light into the prismatic colors.</cd></cs>

<h1>Decompound</h1>
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<hw>De`com*pound"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decompounded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decompounding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> (intens. in sense 1) + <ets>compound</ets>, v. t.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To compound or mix with that is already compound; to compound a second time.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reduce to constituent parts; to decompose.</def>

<blockquote>It divides and <b>decompounds</b> objects into . . . parts.
<i>Hazlitt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decompound</h1>
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<hw>De`com*pound"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> (intens.) + <ets>compound</ets>, <ets>a.</ets>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Compound of what is already compounded; compounded a second time.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Several times compounded or divided, as a leaf or stem; decomposite.</def>

<h1>Decompound</h1>
<Xpage=378>

<hw>De`com*pound"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A decomposite.</def>

<h1>Decompoundable</h1>
<Xpage=378>

<hw>De`com*pound"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being decompounded.</def>

<h1>Deconcentrate</h1>
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<hw>De`con*cen"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To withdraw from concentration; to decentralize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Deconcentration</h1>
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<hw>De*con`cen*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of deconcentrating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Deconcoct</h1>
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<hw>De`con*coct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To decompose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Deconsecrate</h1>
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<hw>De*con"se*crate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of sacredness; to secularize.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*con`se*cra"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Decorament</h1>
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<hw>Dec"o*ra*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decoramentum</ets>. See <er>Decorate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Ornament.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Decorate</h1>
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<hw>Dec"o*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decorated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decorating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>decoratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>decorare</ets>, fr. <ets>decus</ets> ornament; akin to <ets>decere</ets> to be becoming. See <er>Decent</er>.]</ety> <def>To deck with that which is becoming, ornamental, or honorary; to adorn; to beautify; to embellish; <as>as, to <ex>decorate</ex> the person; to <ex>decorate</ex> an edifice; to <ex>decorate</ex> a lawn with flowers; to <ex>decorate</ex> the mind with moral beauties; to <ex>decorate</ex> a hero with honors.</as></def>

<blockquote>Her fat neck was ornamented with jewels, rich bracelets <b>decorated</b> her arms.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To adorn; embellish; ornament; beautify; grace. See <er>Adorn</er>.</syn>

<cs><col>Decorated style</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a name given by some writers to the perfected English Gothic architecture; it may be considered as having flourished from about <sc>a. d</sc>. 1300 to <sc>a. d</sc>. 1375.</cd></cs>

<h1>Decoration</h1>
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<hw>Dec`o*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>decoratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82coration</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adorning, embellishing, or honoring; ornamentation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which adorns, enriches, or beautifies; something added by way of embellishment; ornament.</def>

<blockquote>The hall was celebrated for . . . the richness of its <b>decoration</b>.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Specifically, any mark of honor to be worn upon the person, as a medal, cross, or ribbon of an order of knighthood, bestowed for services in war, great achievements in literature, art, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Decoration Day</col>, <cd>a day, May 30, appointed for decorating with flowers the graves of the Union soldiers and sailors, who fell in the Civil War in the United States; Memorial Day. <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Decorative</h1>
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<hw>Dec"o*ra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82coratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Suited to decorate or embellish; adorning.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dec"o*ra*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Decorative art</col>, <cd>fine art which has for its end ornamentation, rather than the representation of objects or events.</cd></cs>

<h1>Decorator</h1>
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<hw>Dec"o*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82corateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who decorates, adorns, or embellishes; specifically, an artisan whose business is the decoration of houses, esp. their interior decoration.</def>

<h1>Decore</h1>
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<hw>De*core"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82corer</ets>. See <er>Decorate</er>.]</ety> <def>To decorate; to beautify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>decore</b> and beautify the house of God.
<i>E. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decorement</h1>
<Xpage=378>

<hw>De*core"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ornament.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Decorous</h1>
<Xpage=378>

<hw>De*co"rous</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dec<?/rus</ets>, fr. <ets>decor</ets> comeliness, beauty; akin to <ets>decere</ets>. See <er>Decent</er>, and cf. <er>Decorum</er>.]</ety> <def>Suitable to a character, or to the time, place, and occasion; marked with decorum; becoming; proper; seemly; befitting; <as>as, a <ex>decorous</ex> speech; <ex>decorous</ex> behavior; a <ex>decorous</ex> dress for a judge.</as></def>

<blockquote>A <b>decorous</b> pretext the war.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>De*co"rous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>De*co"rous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Decorticate</h1>
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<hw>De*cor"ti*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decorticated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decorticating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>decorticatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>decorticare</ets> to bark; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>cortex</ets> bark.]</ety> <def>To divest of the bark, husk, or exterior coating; to husk; to peel; to hull.</def> "Great barley dried and <i>decorticated</i>."

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Decortication</h1>
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<hw>De*cor`ti*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decorticatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82cortication</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of stripping off the bark, rind, hull, or outer coat.</def>

<h1>Decorticator</h1>
<Xpage=378>

<hw>De*cor"ti*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A machine for decorticating wood, hulling grain, etc.; also, an instrument for removing surplus bark or moss from fruit trees.</def>

<h1>Decorum</h1>
<Xpage=378>

<hw>De*cor"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dec<?/rum</ets>, fr. <ets>dec<?/rus</ets>. See <er>Decorous</er>.]</ety> <def>Propriety of manner or conduct; grace arising from suitableness of speech and behavior to one's own character, or to the place and occasion; decency of conduct; seemliness; that which is seemly or suitable.</def>

<blockquote>Negligent of the duties and <b>decorums</b> of his station.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If your master
Would have a queen his beggar, you must tell him,
That majesty, to keep <b>decorum</b>, must
No less beg than a kingdom.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Decorum</er>, <er>Dignity</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Decorum</i>, in accordance with its etymology, is that which is <i>becoming</i> in outward act or appearance; <as>as, the <ex>decorum</ex> of a public assembly</as>. <i>Dignity</i> springs from an inward elevation of soul producing a corresponding effect on the manners; <as>as, <ex>dignity</ex> of personal appearance</as>.</usage>

<h1>Decoy</h1>
<Xpage=378>

<hw>De*coy"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decoyed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decoying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>coy</ets>; orig., to quiet, soothe, caress, entice. See <er>Coy</er>.]</ety> <def>To lead into danger by artifice; to lure into a net or snare; to entrap; to insnare; to allure; to entice; <as>as, to <ex>decoy</ex> troops into an ambush; to <ex>decoy</ex> ducks into a net.</as></def>

<blockquote>Did to a lonely cot his steps <b>decoy</b>.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>E'en while fashion's brightest arts <b>decoy</b>,
The heart, distrusting, asks if this be joy.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To entice; tempt; allure; lure. See <er>Allure</er>.</syn>

<h1>Decoy</h1>
<Xpage=378>

<hw>De*coy"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything intended to lead into a snare; a lure that deceives and misleads into danger, or into the power of an enemy; a bait.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fowl, or the likeness of one, used by sportsmen to entice other fowl into a net or within shot.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A place into which wild fowl, esp. ducks, are enticed in order to take or shoot them.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A person employed by officers of justice, or parties exposed to injury, to induce a suspected person to commit an offense under circumstances that will lead to his detection.</def>

<h1>Decoy-duck</h1>
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<hw>De*coy"-duck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A duck used to lure wild ducks into a decoy; hence, a person employed to lure others into danger.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Decoyer</h1>
<Xpage=378>

<hw>De*coy"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who decoys another.</def>

<h1>Decoy-man</h1>
<Xpage=378>

<hw>De*coy"-man`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Decoy-men</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man employed in decoying wild fowl.</def>

<h1>Decrease</h1>
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<hw>De*crease"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decreased</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decreasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>decrecen</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>decreistre</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82cro\'8ctre</ets>, or from the OF. noun (see <er>Decrease</er>, <tt>n.</tt>), fr. L. <ets>decrescere</ets> to grow less; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>crescere</ets> to grow. See <er>Crescent</er>, and cf. <er>Increase</er>.]</ety> <def>To grow less, -- opposed to <i>increase</i>; to be diminished gradually, in size, degree, number, duration, etc., or in strength, quality, or excellence; <as>as, they days <ex>decrease</ex> in length from June to December</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He must increase, but I must <b>decrease</b>.
<i>John iii. 30.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Decrease</er>, <er>Diminish</er>.</syn> <usage> Things usually <i>decrease</i> or fall off by degrees, and from within, or through some cause which is imperceptible; as, the flood <ex>decreases</ex>; the cold <i>decreases</i>; their affection has <i>decreased</i>. Things commonly <i>diminish</i> by an influence from without, or one which is apparent; as, the army was <ex>diminished</ex> by disease; his property is <i>diminishing</i> through extravagance; their affection has <i>diminished</i> since their separation their separation. The turn of thought, however, is often such that these words may be interchanged.</usage>

<blockquote>The olive leaf, which certainly them told
The flood <b>decreased</b>.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Crete's ample fields <b>diminish</b> to our eye;
Before the Boreal blasts the vessels fly.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decrease</h1>
<Xpage=378>

<hw>De*crease"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to grow less; to diminish gradually; <as>as, extravagance <ex>decreases</ex> one's means</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That might <b>decrease</b> their present store.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decrease</h1>
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<hw>De*crease"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>decrees</ets>, OF. <ets>decreis</ets>, fr. <ets>decreistre</ets>. See <er>Decrease</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A becoming less; gradual diminution; decay; <as>as, a <ex>decrease</ex> of revenue or of strength</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The wane of the moon.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Decreaseless</h1>
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<hw>De*crease"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suffering no decrease.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>It [the river] flows and flows, and yet will flow,
Volume <b>decreaseless</b> to the final hour.
<i>A. Seward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decreasing</h1>
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<hw>De*creas"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Becoming less and less; diminishing.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*creas"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Decreasing series</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a series in which each term is numerically smaller than the preceding term.</cd></cs>

<h1>Decreation</h1>
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<hw>De`cre*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Destruction; -- opposed to <i>creation</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Decree</h1>
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<hw>De*cree"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>decre</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82cret</ets>, fr. L. <ets>decretum</ets>, neut. <ets>decretus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>decernere</ets> to decide; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>cernere</ets> to decide. See <er>Certain</er>, and cf. <er>Decreet</er>, <er>Decretal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An order from one having authority, deciding what is to be done by a subordinate; also, a determination by one having power, deciding what is to be done or to take place; edict, law; authoritative ru<?/<?/ decision.</def> "The <i>decrees</i> of Venice."

<i>Sh<?/<?/<?/.</i>

<blockquote>There went out a <b>decree</b> from C\'91sar Augustus that all the world should be taxed.
<i>Luke ii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Poor hand, why quiverest thou at this <b>decree</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A decision, order, or sentence, given in a cause by a court of equity or admiralty.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A determination or judgment of an umpire on a case submitted to him.</def>

<i>Brande.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An edict or law made by a council for regulating any business within their jurisdiction; <as>as, the <ex>decrees</ex> of ecclesiastical councils</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Law; regulation; edict; ordinance. See <er>Law</er>.</syn>

<h1>Decree</h1>
<Xpage=378>

<hw>De*cree"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decreed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decreeing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To determine judicially by authority, or by decree; to constitute by edict; to appoint by decree or law; to determine; to order; to ordain; <as>as, a court <ex>decrees</ex> a restoration of property</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt also <b>decree</b> a thing, and it shall be established unto thee.
<i>Job xxii. 28.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To ordain by fate.</def>

<h1>Decree</h1>
<Xpage=378>

<hw>De*cree"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make decrees; -- used absolutely.</def>

<blockquote>Father eternal! thine is to <b>decree</b>;
Mine, both in heaven and earth to do thy will.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decreeable</h1>
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<hw>De*cree"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being decreed.</def>

<h1>Decreer</h1>
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<hw>De*cre"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who decrees.</def>

<i>J. Goodwin.</i>

<h1>Decreet</h1>
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<hw>De*creet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Decree</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The final judgment of the Court of Session, or of an inferior court, by which the question at issue is decided.</def>

<h1>Decrement</h1>
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<hw>Dec"re*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decrementum</ets>, fr. <ets>decrescere</ets>. See <er>Decrease</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of becoming gradually less; decrease; diminution; waste; loss.</def>

<blockquote>Twit me with the <b>decrements</b> of my pendants.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Rocks, mountains, and the other elevations of the earth suffer a continual <b>decrement</b>.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quantity lost by gradual diminution or waste; -- opposed to <ant>increment</ant>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A name given by Ha\'81y to the successive diminution of the layers of molecules, applied to the faces of the primitive form, by which he supposed the secondary forms to be produced.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The quantity by which a variable is diminished.</def>

<cs><col>Equal decrement of life</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The decrease of life in a group of persons in which the assumed law of mortality is such that of a given large number of persons, all being now of the same age, an equal number shall die each consecutive year.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The decrease of life in a group of persons in which the assumed law of mortality is such that the ratio of those dying in a year to those living through the year is constant, being independent of the age of the persons.</cd></cs>

<h1>Decrepit</h1>
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<hw>De*crep"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decrepitus</ets>, perhaps orig., noised out, noiseless, applied to old people, who creep about quietly; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>crepare</ets> to make a noise, rattle: cf. F. <ets>d\'82cr\'82pit</ets>. See <er>Crepitate</er>.]</ety> <def>Broken down with age; wasted and enfeebled by the infirmities of old age; feeble; worn out.</def> "Beggary or <i>decrepit</i> age."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Already <b>decrepit</b> with premature old age.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Sometimes incorrectly written <i>decrepid</i>.</note>

<h1>Decrepitate</h1>
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<hw>De*crep"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decrepitated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decrepitating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82cr\'82piter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To roast or calcine so as to cause a crackling noise; <as>as, to <ex>decrepitate</ex> salt</as>.</def>

<h1>Decrepitate</h1>
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<hw>De*crep"i*tate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To crackle, as salt in roasting.</def>

<h1>Decrepitation</h1>
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<hw>De*crep`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82cr\'82pitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of decrepitating; a crackling noise, such as salt makes when roasting.</def>

<h1>Decrepitness</h1>
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<hw>De*crep"it*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Decrepitude.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Decrepitude</h1>
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<hw>De*crep"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82cr\'82pitude</ets>.]</ety> <def>The broken state produced by decay and the infirmities of age; infirm old age.</def>

<h1>Decrescendo</h1>
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<hw>De`cres*cen"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>With decreasing volume of sound; -- a direction to performers, either written upon the staff (abbreviated <i>Dec</i>., or <i>Decresc</i>.), or indicated by the sign.</def>

<h1>Decrescent</h1>
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<hw>De*cres"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decrescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>decrescere</ets>. See <er>Decrease</er>.]</ety> <def>Becoming less by gradual diminution; decreasing; <as>as, a <ex>decrescent</ex> moon</as>.</def>

<h1>Decrescent</h1>
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<hw>De*cres"cent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A crescent with the horns directed towards the sinister.</def>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<h1>Decretal</h1>
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<hw>De*cre"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decretalis</ets>, fr. <ets>decretum</ets>. See <er>Decree</er>.]</ety> <def>Appertaining to a decree; containing a decree; <as>as, a <ex>decretal</ex> epistle</as>.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Decretal</h1>
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<hw>De*cre"tal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>decretale</ets>, neut. of L. <ets>decretalis</ets>. See <er>Decretal</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>An authoritative order or decree; especially, a letter of the pope, determining some point or question in ecclesiastical law. The decretals form the second part of the canon law.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Canon Law)</fld> <def>The collection of ecclesiastical decrees and decisions made, by order of Gregory IX., in 1234, by St. Raymond of Pennafort.</def>

<h1>Decrete</h1>
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<hw>De*crete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decretum</ets>. See <er>Decree</er>.]</ety> <def>A decree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Decretion</h1>
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<hw>De*cre"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>decrescere</ets>, <ets>decretum</ets>. See <er>Decrease</er>.]</ety> <def>A decrease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pearson.</i>

<h1>Decretist</h1>
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<hw>De*cre"tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>decretista</ets>, fr. <ets>decretum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82cr\'82tiste</ets>. See <er>Decree</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>One who studies, or professes the knowledge of, the decretals.</def>

<h1>Decretive</h1>
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<hw>De*cre"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>decretum</ets>. See <er>Decree</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Having the force of a decree; determining.</def>

<blockquote>The will of God is either <b>decretive</b> or perceptive.
<i>Bates.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decretorial</h1>
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<hw>Dec`re*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Decretory; authoritative.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Decretorily</h1>
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<hw>Dec"re*to*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a decretory or definitive manner; by decree.</def>

<h1>Decretory</h1>
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<hw>Dec"re*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decretorius</ets>, from <ets>decretum</ets>. See <er>Decree</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Established by a decree; definitive; settled.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>decretory</b> rigors of a condemning sentence.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Serving to determine; critical.</def> "The critical or <i>decretory</i> days."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<hr>
<page="379">
Page 379<p>

<h1>Decrew</h1>
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<hw>De*crew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82crue</ets>, <ets>n.</ets>, decrease, and <ets>d\'82cru</ets>, p. p. of <ets>d\'82cro\'8ctre</ets>. See <er>Decrease</er>, and cf. <er>Accrue</er>.]</ety> <def>To decrease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Decrial</h1>
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<hw>De*cri"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Decry</er>.]</ety> <def>A crying down; a clamorous censure; condemnation by censure.</def>

<h1>Decrier</h1>
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<hw>De*cri"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who decries.</def>

<h1>Decrown</h1>
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<hw>De*crown"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of a crown; to discrown.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hakewill.</i>

<h1>Decrustation</h1>
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<hw>De`crus*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>d\'82crustation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The removal of a crust.</def>

<h1>Decry</h1>
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<hw>De*cry"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decried</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decrying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82crier</ets>, OF. <ets>descrier</ets>; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>crier</ets> to cry. See <er>Cry</er>, and cf. <er>Descry</er>.]</ety> <def>To cry down; to censure as faulty, mean, or worthless; to clamor against; to blame clamorously; to discredit; to disparage.</def>

<blockquote>For small errors they whole plays <b>decry</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Measures which are extolled by one half of the kingdom are naturally <b>decried</b> by the other.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Decry</er>, <er>Depreciate</er>, <er>Detract</er>, <er>Disparage</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Decry</i> and <i>depreciate</i> refer to the estimation of a thing, the former seeking to lower its value by clamorous censure, the latter by representing it as of little worth. <i>Detract</i> and <i>disparage</i> also refer to merit or value, which the former assails with caviling, insinuation, etc., while the latter willfully underrates and seeks to degrade it. Men <i>decry</i> their rivals and <i>depreciate</i> their measures. The envious <i>detract</i> from the merit of a good action, and <i>disparage</i> the motives of him who performs it.</usage>

<h1>Decubation</h1>
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<hw>Dec`u*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>decubare</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>cubare</ets>. See <er>Decumbent</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of lying down; decumbence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Decubitus</h1>
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<hw>De*cu"bi*tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>cubare</ets>, to lie down: cf. F. <ets>d\'82cubitus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An attitude assumed in lying down; <as>as, the dorsal <ex>decubitus</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Decuman</h1>
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<hw>Dec"u*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decumanus</ets> of the tenth, and by metonymy, large, fr. <ets>decem</ets> ten.]</ety> <def>Large; chief; -- applied to an extraordinary billow, supposed by some to be every tenth in order. <mark>[R.]</mark> Also used substantively.</def> "Such <i>decuman</i> billows." <i>Gauden</i>. "The baffled <i>decuman</i>."

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Decumbence, Decumbency</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw><hw>De*cum"bence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>De*cum"ben*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or posture of lying down.</def>

<blockquote>The ancient manner of <b>decumbency</b>.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Decumbent</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*cum"bent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decumbens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>decumbere</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>cumbere</ets> (only in comp.), <ets>cubare</ets> to lie down.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Lying down; prostrate; recumbent.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>decumbent</b> portraiture of a woman.
<i>Ashmole.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Reclining on the ground, as if too weak to stand, and tending to rise at the summit or apex; <as>as, a <ex>decumbent</ex> stem</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Decumbently</h1>
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<hw>De*cum"bent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a decumbent posture.</def>

<h1>Decumbiture</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*cum"bi*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Confinement to a sick bed, or time of taking to one's bed from sickness.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>Aspect of the heavens at the time of taking to one's sick bed, by which the prognostics of recovery or death were made.</def>

<h1>Decuple</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Dec"u*ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82cuple</ets>, L. <ets>decuplus</ets>, fr. <ets>decem</ets> ten.]</ety> <def>Tenfold.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Decuple</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Dec"u*ple</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A number ten times repeated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Decuple</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Dec"u*ple</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decupled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decupling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make tenfold; to multiply by ten.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Decurion</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*cu"ri*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decurio</ets>, <ets>decurionis</ets>, fr. <ets>decuria</ets> a squad of ten, fr. <ets>decem</ets> ten.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A head or chief over ten; especially, an officer who commanded a division of ten soldiers.</def>

<h1>Decurionate</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*cu"ri*on*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decurionatus</ets>, fr. <ets>decurio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office of a decurion.</def>

<h1>Decurrence</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*cur"rence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of running down; a lapse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gauden.</i>

<h1>Decurrent</h1>
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<hw>De*cur"rent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decurrens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>decurrere</ets> to run down; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>currere</ets> to run: cf. F. <ets>d\'82current</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Extending downward; -- said of a leaf whose base extends downward and forms a wing along the stem.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*cur"rent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Decursion</h1>
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<hw>De*cur"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decursio</ets>, fr. <ets>decurrere</ets>. See <er>Decurrent</er>.]</ety> <def>A flowing; also, a hostile incursion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Decursive</h1>
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<hw>De*cur"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82cursif</ets>. See <er>Decurrent</er>.]</ety> <def>Running down; decurrent.</def>

<h1>Decursively</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*cur"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a decursive manner.</def>

<cs><col>Decursively pinnate</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>having the leaflets decurrent, or running along the petiole; -- said of a leaf.</cd></cs>

<h1>Decurt</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*curt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decurtare</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>curtare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cut short; to curtail.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Decurtation</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De`cur*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decurtatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of cutting short.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Decury</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Dec"u*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Decuries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>decuria</ets>, fr. <ets>decem</ets> ten.]</ety> <def>A set or squad of ten men under a decurion.</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Decussate</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*cus"sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Decussated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Decussating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>decussatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>decussare</ets> to cross like an X, fr. <ets>decussis</ets> (orig. equiv. to <ets>decem asses</ets>) the number ten, which the Romans represented by X.]</ety> <def>To cross at an acute angle; to cut or divide in the form of X; to intersect; -- said of lines in geometrical figures, rays of light, nerves, etc.</def>

<h1>Decussate, Decussated</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw><hw>De*cus"sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>De*cus"sa*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Crossed; intersected.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing in pairs, each of which is at right angles to the next pair above or below; <as>as, <ex>decussated</ex> leaves or branches</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Consisting of two rising and two falling clauses, placed in alternate opposition to each other; <as>as, a <ex>decussated</ex> period</as>.</def>

<h1>Decussately</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*cus"sate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a decussate manner.</def>

<h1>Decussation</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De`cus*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decussatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of crossing at an acute angle, or state of being thus crossed; an intersection in the form of an X; <as>as, the <ex>decussation</ex> of lines, nerves, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Decussative</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*cus"sa*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Intersecting at acute angles.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Decussatively</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*cus"sa*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Crosswise; in the form of an X.</def> "Anointed <i>decussatively</i>."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Decyl</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De"cyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>decem</ets> ten + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon radical, <chform>C10H21</wordforms>, never existing alone, but regarded as the characteristic constituent of a number of compounds of the paraffin series.</def>

<h1>Decylic</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*cyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Allied to, or containing, the radical decyl.</def>

<h1>Dedalian</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*dal"ian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>D\'91dalian</er>.</def>

<h1>Dedalous</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Ded"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>D\'91dalous</er>.</def>

<h1>Dedans</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*dans"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Court Tennis)</fld> <def>A division, at one end of a tennis court, for spectators.</def>

<h1>Dede</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Dede</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dead.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dedecorate</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*dec"o*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dedecoratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dedecorare</ets> to disgrace. See <er>Decorate</er>.]</ety> <def>To bring to shame; to disgrace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Dedecoration</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*dec`o*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dedecoratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disgrace; dishonor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Dedecorous</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*dec"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dedecorus</ets>. See <er>Decorous</er>.]</ety> <def>Disgraceful; unbecoming.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Dedentition</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De`den*ti"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The shedding of teeth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Dedicate</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Ded"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dedicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dedicare</ets> to affirm, to dedicate; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>dicare</ets> to declare, dedicate; akin to <ets>dicere</ets> to say. See <er>Diction</er>.]</ety> <def>Dedicated; set apart; devoted; consecrated.</def> "<i>Dedicate</i> to nothing temporal."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Devoted; consecrated; addicted.</syn>

<h1>Dedicate</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Ded"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dedicated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dedicating</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To set apart and consecrate, as to a divinity, or for sacred uses; to devote formally and solemnly; <as>as, to <ex>dedicate</ex> vessels, treasures, a temple, or a church, to a religious use</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, . . . which also king David did <b>dedicate</b> unto the Lord.
<i>2 Sam. viii. 10, 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We have come to <b>dedicate</b> a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.  . . .  But in a larger sense we can not <b>dedicate</b>, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground.
<i>A. Lincoln.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To devote, set apart, or give up, as one's self, to a duty or service.</def>

<blockquote>The profession of a soldier, to which he had <b>dedicated</b> himself.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To inscribe or address, as to a patron.</def>

<blockquote>He complied ten elegant books, and <b>dedicated</b> them to the Lord Burghley.
<i>Peacham.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Addict</er>.</syn>

<h1>Dedicatee</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Ded`i*ca*tee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One to whom a thing is dedicated; -- correlative to <i>dedicator</i>.</def>

<h1>Dedication</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Ded`i*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dedicatio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of setting apart or consecrating to a divine Being, or to a sacred use, often with religious solemnities; solemn appropriation; <as>as, the <ex>dedication</ex> of Solomon's temple</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A devoting or setting aside for any particular purpose; <as>as, a <ex>dedication</ex> of lands to public use</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An address to a patron or friend, prefixed to a book, testifying respect, and often recommending the work to his special protection and favor.</def>

<h1>Dedicator</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Ded"i*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>d\'82dicateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who dedicates; more especially, one who inscribes a book to the favor of a patron, or to one whom he desires to compliment.</def>

<h1>Dedicatorial</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Ded`i*ca*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dedicatory.</def>

<h1>Dedicatory</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Ded"i*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82dicatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Constituting or serving as a dedication; complimental.</def> "An epistle <i>dedicatory</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Dedicatory</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Ded"i*ca*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dedication.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Dedimus</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Ded"i*mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dedimus</ets> we have given, fr. <ets>dare</ets> to give. So called because the writ began, <ets>Dedimus potestatem</ets>, etc.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ to commission private persons to do some act in place of a judge, as to examine a witness, etc.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Dedition</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*di"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deditio</ets>, fr. <ets>dedere</ets> to give away, surrender; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>dare</ets> to give.]</ety> <def>The act of yielding; surrender.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Dedolent</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Ded"o*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dedolens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>dedolere</ets> to give over grieving; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>dolere</ets> to grieve.]</ety> <def>Feeling no compunction; apathetic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hallywell.</i>

<h1>Deduce</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*duce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deduced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deducing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>deducere</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>ducere</ets> to lead, draw. See <er>Duke</er>, and cf. <er>Deduct</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lead forth.</def> <mark>[A Latinism]</mark>

<blockquote>He should hither <b>deduce</b> a colony.
<i>Selden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take away; to deduct; to subtract; <as>as, to <ex>deduce</ex> a part from the whole</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To derive or draw; to derive by logical process; to obtain or arrive at as the result of reasoning; to gather, as a truth or opinion, from what precedes or from premises; to infer; -- with <it>from</it> or <it>out of</it>.

<blockquote>O goddess, say, shall I <b>deduce</b> my rhymes
From the dire nation in its early times?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Reasoning is nothing but the faculty of <b>deducing</b> unknown truths from principles already known.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>See what regard will be paid to the pedigree which <b>deduces</b> your descent from kings and conquerors.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deducement</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*duce"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inference; deduction; thing deduced.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Deducibility</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*du`ci*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Deducibleness.</def>

<h1>Deducible</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*du"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being deduced or inferred; derivable by reasoning, as a result or consequence.</def>

<blockquote>All properties of a triangle depend on, and are <b>deducible</b> from, the complex idea of three lines including a space.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being brought down.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>As if God [were] <b>deducible</b> to human imbecility.
<i>State Trials (1649).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deducibleness</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*du"ci*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being deducible; deducibility.</def>

<h1>Deducibly</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*du"ci*bly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By deduction.</def>

<h1>Deducive</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*du"cive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That deduces; inferential.</def>

<h1>Deduct</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*duct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deducted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deducting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>deductus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deducere</ets> to deduct. See <er>Deduce</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lead forth or out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A people <b>deducted</b> out of the city of Philippos.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take away, separate, or remove, in numbering, estimating, or calculating; to subtract; -- often with <i>from</i> or <i>out of</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Deduct</b> what is but vanity, or dress.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Two and a half per cent should be <b>deducted</b> out of the pay of the foreign troops.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We <b>deduct</b> from the computation of our years that part of our time which is spent in . . . infancy.

<i>Norris</i>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To reduce; to diminish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Do not <i>deduct</i> it to days."

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Deductible</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*duct"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being deducted, taken away, or withdrawn.</def>

<blockquote>Not one found honestly <b>deductible</b>
From any use that pleased him.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deducible; consequential.</def>

<h1>Deduction</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*duc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deductio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82duction</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Act or process of deducing or inferring.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>deduction</b> of one language from another.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This process, by which from two statements we deduce a third, is called <b>deduction</b>.
<i>J. R. Seely.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Act of deducting or taking away; subtraction; <as>as, the <ex>deduction</ex> of the subtrahend from the minuend</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is deduced or drawn from premises by a process of reasoning; an inference; a conclusion.</def>

<blockquote>Make fair <b>deductions</b>; see to what they mount.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is deducted; the part taken away; abatement; <as>as, a <ex>deduction</ex> from the yearly rent</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Induction</er>.</syn>

<h1>Deductive</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*duct"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>deductivus</ets> derivative.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to deduction; capable of being deduced from premises; deducible.</def>

<blockquote>All knowledge of causes is <b>deductive</b>.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Notions and ideas . . . used in a <b>deductive</b> process.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deductively</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*duct"ive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By deduction; by way of inference; by consequence.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Deductor</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*duc"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a guide. See <er>Deduce</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pilot whale or blackfish.</def>

<h1>Deduit</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*duit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82duit</ets>. Cf. <er>Deduct</er>.]</ety> <def>Delight; pleasure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Deduplication</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>De*du`pli*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>duplication</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The division of that which is morphologically one organ into two or more, as the division of an organ of a plant into a pair or cluster.</def>

<h1>Deed</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Deed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dead.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Deed</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Deed</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>d<?/d</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>d\'bed</ets>, D. & Dan. <ets>daad</ets>, G. <ets>thai</ets>, Sw. <ets>d\'86d</ets>, Goth. <ets>d<?/ds</ets>; fr. the root of <ets>do</ets>. See <er>Do</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is done or effected by a responsible agent; an act; an action; a thing done; -- a word of extensive application, including, whatever is done, good or bad, great or small.</def>

<blockquote>And Joseph said to them, What <b>deed</b> is this which ye have done?
<i>Gen. xliv. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We receive the due reward of our <b>deeds</b>.
<i>Luke xxiii. 41.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Would serve his kind in <b>deed</b> and word.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Illustrious act; achievement; exploit.</def> "Knightly <i>deeds</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Whose <b>deeds</b> some nobler poem shall adorn.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Power of action; agency; efficiency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To be, both will and <b>deed</b>, created free.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fact; reality; -- whence we have <i>indeed</i>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A sealed instrument in writing, on paper or parchment, duly executed and delivered, containing some transfer, bargain, or contract.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is generally applied to conveyances of real estate, and it is the prevailing doctrine that a deed must be signed as well as sealed, though at common law signing was formerly not necessary.</note>

<cs><col>Blank deed</col>, <cd>a printed form containing the customary legal phraseology, with blank spaces for writing in names, dates, boundaries, etc.</cd></cs>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Performance; -- followed by <i>of</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>In deed</col>, <cd>in fact; in truth; verily. See <er>Indeed</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Deed</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Deed</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To convey or transfer by deed; <as>as, he <ex>deeded</ex> all his estate to his eldest son</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Deedful</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Deed"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of deeds or exploits; active; stirring.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A <i>deedful</i> life."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Deedless</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Deed"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not performing, or not having performed, deeds or exploits; inactive.</def>

<blockquote><b>Deedless</b> in his tongue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deed poll</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Deed" poll`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A deed of one part, or executed by only one party, and distinguished from an indenture by having the edge of the parchment or paper cut even, or <i>polled</i> as it was anciently termed, instead of being indented.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Deedy</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Deed"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Industrious; active.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Deem</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Deem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deemed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deeming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>demen</ets> to judge, condemn, AS. <ets>d<?/man</ets>, fr. <ets>d<?/m</ets> doom; akin to OFries. <ets>d<?/ma</ets>, OS. <ets>ad<?/mian</ets>, D. <ets>doemen</ets>, OHG. <ets>tuommen</ets>, Icel. <ets>d\'91ma</ets>, Sw. <ets>d\'94mma</ets>, Dan. <ets>d\'94mme</ets>, Goth. <ets>d<?/mjan</ets>. See <er>Doom</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Doom</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To decide; to judge; to sentence; to condemn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Claudius . . . Was <b>demed</b> for to hang upon a tree.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To account; to esteem; to think; to judge; to hold in opinion; to regard.</def>

<blockquote>For never can I <b>deem</b> him less him less than god.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deem</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Deem</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To be of opinion; to think; to estimate; to opine; to suppose.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>deemest</b> thou as those who pore,
With aged eyes, short way before?
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pass judgment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Deem</h1>
<Xpage=379>

<hw>Deem</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Opinion; judgment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<hr>
<page="380">
Page 380<p>

<h1>Deemster</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deem"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<tt>Deem + -ster; i. e., doomster. Cf.</tt> <er>Dempster</er>.]</ety> <def>A judge in the Isle of Man who decides controversies without process.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Deep</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deep</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Deeper</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Deepest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>dep</ets>, <ets>deop</ets>, AS. <ets>de\'a2p</ets>; akin to D. <ets>diep</ets>, G. <ets>tief</ets>, Icel. <ets>dj<?/pr</ets>, Sw. <ets>diup</ets>, Dan. <ets>dyb</ets>, Goth. <ets>diups</ets>; fr. the root of E. <ets>dip</ets>, <ets>dive</ets>. See <er>Dip</er>, <er>Dive</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Extending far below the surface; of great perpendicular dimension (measured from the surface downward, and distinguished from <i>high</i>, which is measured upward); far to the bottom; having a certain depth; <as>as, a <ex>deep</ex> sea</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The water where the brook is <b>deep</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Extending far back from the front or outer part; of great horizontal dimension (measured backward from the front or nearer part, mouth, etc.); <as>as, a <ex>deep</ex> cave or recess or wound; a gallery ten seats <ex>deep</ex>; a company of soldiers six files <ex>deep</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Shadowing squadrons <b>deep</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Safely in harbor
Is the king's ship in the <b>deep</b> nook.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Low in situation; lying far below the general surface; <as>as, a <ex>deep</ex> valley</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Hard to penetrate or comprehend; profound; -- opposed to <i>shallow</i> or <i>superficial</i>; intricate; mysterious; not obvious; obscure; <as>as, a <ex>deep</ex> subject or plot</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Speculations high or <b>deep</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A question <b>deep</b> almost as the mystery of life.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O Lord, . . . thy thought are very <b>deep</b>.
<i>Ps. xcii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Of penetrating or far-reaching intellect; not superficial; thoroughly skilled; sagacious; cunning.</def>

<blockquote><b>Deep</b> clerks she dumbs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Profound; thorough; complete; unmixed; intense; heavy; heartfelt; <as>as, <ex>deep</ex> distress; <ex>deep</ex> melancholy; <ex>deep</ex> horror.</as></def>  "<ex>Deep</ex> despair." <i>Milton</i>. "<ex>Deep</ex> silence." <i>Milton</i>. "<ex>Deep</ex> sleep." <i>Gen. ii. 21</i>. "<ex>Deeper</ex> darkness." <i>>Hoole</i>. "Their <ex>deep</ex> poverty." <i>2 Cor. viii. 2</i>.

<blockquote>An attitude of <b>deep</b> respect.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Strongly colored; dark; intense; not light or thin; <as>as, <ex>deep</ex> blue or crimson</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Of low tone; full-toned; not high or sharp; grave; heavy.</def> "The <i>deep</i> thunder."

<i>Byron.</i>

<blockquote>The bass of heaven's <b>deep</b> organ.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Muddy; boggy; sandy; -- said of roads.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>The ways in that vale were very <b>deep</b>.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>A deep line of operations</col> <fld>(Military)</fld>, <cd>a long line.</cd> -- <col>Deep mourning</col> <fld>(Costume)</fld>, <cd>mourning complete and strongly marked, the garments being not only all black, but also composed of lusterless materials and of such fashion as is identified with mourning garments.</cd></cs>

<h1>Deep</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deep</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>To a great depth; with depth; far down; profoundly; deeply.</def>

<blockquote><b>Deep</b>-versed in books, and shallow in himself.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Drink <b>deep</b>, or taste not the Pierian spring.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Deep</i>, in its usual adverbial senses, is often prefixed to an adjective; as, <ex>deep</ex>-chested, <ex>deep</ex>-cut, <ex>deep</ex>-seated, <ex>deep</ex>-toned, <ex>deep</ex>-voiced, "<ex>deep</ex>-uddered kine."</note>

<h1>Deep</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deep</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is deep, especially deep water, as the sea or ocean; an abyss; a great depth.</def>

<blockquote>Courage from the <b>deeps</b> of knowledge springs.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The hollow <b>deep</b> of hell resounded.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Blue Neptune storms, the bellowing <b>deeps</b> resound.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is profound, not easily fathomed, or incomprehensible; a moral or spiritual depth or abyss.</def>

<blockquote>Thy judgments are a great.
<i>Ps. xxxvi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Deep of night</col>, <cd>the most quiet or profound part of night; dead of night.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>The <b>deep of night</b> is crept upon our talk.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deepen</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deep"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deepened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deepening</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make deep or deeper; to increase the depth of; to sink lower; <as>as, to <ex>deepen</ex> a well or a channel</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It would . . . <b>deepen</b> the bed of the Tiber.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make darker or more intense; to darken; <as>as, the event <ex>deepened</ex> the prevailing gloom</as>.</def>

<blockquote>You must <b>deepen</b> your colors.
<i>Peacham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make more poignant or affecting; to increase in degree; <as>as, to <ex>deepen</ex> grief or sorrow</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make more grave or low in tone; <as>as, to <ex>deepen</ex> the tones of an organ</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Deepens</b> the murmur of the falling floods.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deepen</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deep"en</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become deeper; <as>as, the water <ex>deepens</ex> at every cast of the lead; the plot <ex>deepens</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>His blood-red tresses <b>deepening</b> in the sun.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deep-fet</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deep"-fet`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deeply fetched or drawn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Deep-fet</i> groans."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Deep-laid</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deep"-laid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Laid deeply; formed with cunning and sagacity; <as>as, <ex>deep-laid</ex> plans</as>.</def>

<h1>Deeply</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deep"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>At or to a great depth; far below the surface; <as>as, to sink <ex>deeply</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Profoundly; thoroughly; not superficially; in a high degree; intensely; <as>as, <ex>deeply</ex> skilled in ethics</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He had <b>deeply</b> offended both his nobles and people.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He sighed <b>deeply</b> in his spirit.
<i>Mark viii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Very; with a tendency to darkness of color.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>deeply</b> red juice of buckthorn berries.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Gravely; with low or deep tone; <as>as, a <ex>deeply</ex> toned instrument</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>With profound skill; with art or intricacy; <as>as, a <ex>deeply</ex> laid plot or intrigue</as>.</def>

<h1>Deep-mouthed</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deep"-mouthed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a loud and sonorous voice.</def> "<i>Deep-mouthed</i> dogs."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Deepness</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deep"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being deep, profound, mysterious, secretive, etc.; depth; profundity; -- opposed to <i>shallowness</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Because they had no <b>deepness</b> of earth.
<i>Matt. xiii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Craft; insidiousness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Gregory.</i>

<h1>Deep-read</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deep"-read`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Profoundly book-learned.</def> "Great writers and <i>deep-read</i> men."

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Deep-sea</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deep"-sea`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the deeper parts of the sea; <as>as, a <ex>deep-sea</ex> line (<it>i. e.</it>, a line to take soundings at a great depth); <ex>deep-sea</ex> lead; <ex>deep-sea</ex> soundings, explorations, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Deep-waisted</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deep"-waist`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Having a deep waist, as when, in a ship, the poop and forecastle are much elevated above the deck.</def>

<h1>Deer</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>der</ets>, <ets>door</ets>, animal, wild animal, AS. <ets>de\'a2r</ets>; akin to D. <ets>dier</ets>, OFries. <ets>diar</ets>, G. <ets>thier</ets>, <ets>tier</ets>, Icel. <ets>d<?/r</ets>, Dan. <ets>dyr</ets>, Sw. <ets>djur</ets>, Goth. <ets>dius</ets>; of unknown origin. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any animal; especially, a wild animal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Mice and rats, and such small <b>deer</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The camel, that great <b>deer</b>.
<i>Lindisfarne MS.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A ruminant of the genus <spn>Cervus</spn>, of many species, and of related genera of the family <spn>Cervid\'91</spn>. The males, and in some species the females, have solid antlers, often much branched, which are shed annually. Their flesh, for which they are hunted, is called <i>venison</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; The deer hunted in England is <spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>, called also <i>stag</i> or <i>red deer</i>; the fallow deer is <spn>C. dama</spn>; the common American deer is <spn>C. Virginianus</spn>; the blacktailed deer of Western North America is <spn>C. Columbianus</spn>; and the mule deer of the same region is <spn>C. macrotis</spn>. See <er>Axis</er>, <er>Fallow deer</er>, <er>Mule deer</er>, <er>Reindeer</er>.</note>

<note>&hand; <i>Deer</i> is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound; as, <i>deer</i>killer, <i>deer</i>slayer, <i>deer</i>slaying, <i>deer</i> hunting, <i>deer</i> stealing, <i>deer</i>like, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Deer mouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the white-footed mouse (<spn>Hesperomys leucopus</spn>) of America.</cd> -- <col>Small deer</col>, <cd>petty game, not worth pursuing; -- used metaphorically. (See citation from Shakespeare under the first definition, above.)</cd>  "Minor critics . . . can find leisure for the chase of such <i>small deer<i>."

<i>G. P. Marsh.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Deerberry</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deer"ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shrub of the blueberry group (<spn>Vaccinium stamineum</spn>); also, its bitter, greenish white berry; -- called also <altname>squaw huckleberry</altname>.</def>

<h1>Deergrass</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deer"grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American genus (<spn>Rhexia</spn>) of perennial herbs, with opposite leaves, and showy flowers (usually bright purple), with four petals and eight stamens, -- the only genus of the order <spn>Melastomace\'91</spn> inhabiting a temperate clime.</def>

<h1>Deerhound</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deer"hound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a large and fleet breed of hounds used in hunting deer; a staghound.</def>

<h1>Deerlet</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deer"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Deer</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A chevrotain. See <er>Kanchil</er>, and <er>Napu</er>.</def>

<h1>Deer-neck</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deer"-neck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A deerlike, or thin, ill-formed neck, as of a horse.</def>

<h1>Deerskin</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deer"skin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The skin of a deer, or the leather which is made from it.</def>

<i>Hakluyt. Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Deerstalker</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deer"stalk`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices deerstalking.</def>

<h1>Deerstalking</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deer"stalk`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The hunting of deer on foot, by stealing upon them unawares.</def>

<h1>Deer's-tongue</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deer's"-tongue`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Liatris odoratissima</spn>) whose fleshy leaves give out a fragrance compared to vanilla.</def>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Dees</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Dees</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Dice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dees</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Dees</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dais.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Deesis</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*e"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ supplication.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>An invocation of, or address to, the Supreme Being.</def>

<h1>Deess</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De"ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82esse</ets>, fem. of <ets>dieu</ets> god.]</ety> <def>A goddess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Croft.</i>

<h1>Deev</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Deev</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Hind. & Pers. Myth.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dev</er>.</def>

<h1>Deface</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*face"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Defaced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Defacing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>defacen</ets> to disfigure, efface, OF. <ets>desfacier</ets>; L. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>facies</ets> face. See <er>Face</er>, and cf. <er>Efface</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To destroy or mar the face or external appearance of; to disfigure; to injure, spoil, or mar, by effacing or obliterating important features or portions of; <as>as, to <ex>deface</ex> a monument; to <ex>deface</ex> an edifice; to <ex>deface</ex> writing; to <ex>deface</ex> a note, deed, or bond; to <ex>deface</ex> a record.</as></def> "This high face <i>defaced</i>."

<i>Emerson.</i>

<blockquote>So by false learning is good sense <b>defaced</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82faire</ets>.]</ety> <def>To destroy; to make null.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>[Profane scoffing] doth . . . <b>deface</b> the reverence of religion.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For all his power was utterly <b>defaste</b> [<b>defaced</b>].
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Efface</er>.</syn>

<h1>Defacement</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*face"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of defacing, or the condition of being defaced; injury to the surface or exterior; obliteration.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which mars or disfigures.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Defacer</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*fa"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, defaces or disfigures.</def>

<h1>De facto</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De` fac"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Actually; in fact; in reality; <as>as, a king <ex>de facto</ex>, -- distinguished from a king <ex>de jure</ex>, or by right</as>.</def>

<h1>Defail</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*fail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82faillir</ets> to fail; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>de</ets>) + <ets>faillir</ets>. See <er>Fail</er>, and cf. <er>Default</er>.]</ety> <def>To cause fail.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Defailance</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*fail"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82faillance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Failure; miscarriage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Possibility of <b>defailance</b> in degree or continuance.
<i>Comber.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defailure</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*fail"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Failure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Defalcate</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*fal"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Defalcated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Defalcating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>defalcatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>defalcare</ets> to deduct, orig., to cut off with a sickle; L. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>falx</ets>, a sickle. See <er>Falchion</er>.]</ety> <def>To cut off; to take away or deduct a part of; -- used chiefly of money, accounts, rents, income, etc.</def>

<blockquote>To show what may be practicably and safely <b>defalcated</b> from the [the estimates].
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defalcate</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*fal"cate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To commit defalcation; to embezzle money held in trust.</def> "Some partner <i>defalcating</i>, or the like."

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Defalcation</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De`fal*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>defalcatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82falcation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A lopping off; a diminution; abatement; deficit. Specifically: Reduction of a claim by deducting a counterclaim; set-off.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is lopped off, diminished, or abated.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An abstraction of money, etc., by an officer or agent<?/ having it in trust; an embezzlement.</def>

<h1>Defalcator</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Def"al*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A defaulter or embezzler.</def> <mark>[Modern]</mark>

<h1>Defalk</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*falk"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82falquer</ets>. See <er>Defalcate</er>.]</ety> <def>To lop off; to bate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Defamation</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Def`a*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>diffamacioun</ets>, F. <ets>diffamation</ets>. See <er>Defame</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication, written or oral; the wrong of maliciously injuring the good name of another; slander; detraction; calumny; aspersion.</def>

<note>&hand; In modern usage, written defamation bears the title of <i>libel</i>, and oral defamation that of <i>slander</i>.</note>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Defamatory</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*fam"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing defamation; injurious to reputation; calumnious; slanderous; <as>as, <ex>defamatory</ex> words; <ex>defamatory</ex> writings.</as></def>

<h1>Defame</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*fame"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Defamed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Defaming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>defamen</ets>, <ets>diffamen</ets>, from F. <ets>diffamer</ets>, or OF. perh. <ets>defamer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>diffamare</ets> (cf. <ets>defamatus</ets> infamous); <ets>dis-</ets> (in this word confused with <ets>de</ets>) + <ets>fama</ets> a report. See <er>Fame</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To harm or destroy the good fame or reputation of; to disgrace; especially, to speak evil of maliciously; to dishonor by slanderous reports; to calumniate; to asperse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To render infamous; to bring into disrepute.</def>

<blockquote>My guilt thy growing virtues did <b>defame</b>;
My blackness blotted thy unblemish'd name.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To charge; to accuse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Rebecca is . . . <b>defamed</b> of sorcery practiced on the person of a noble knight.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To asperse; slander; calumniate; vilify. See <er>Asperse</er>.</syn>

<h1>Defame</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*fame"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dishonor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Defamer</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*fam"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who defames; a slanderer; a detractor; a calumniator.</def>

<h1>Defamingly</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*fam"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a defamatory manner.</def>

<h1>Defamous</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>Def"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Defamatory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Defatigable</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*fat"i*ga*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Defatigate</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being wearied or tired out.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Defatigate</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*fat"i*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>defatigatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>defatigare</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>fatigare</ets> to weary. See <er>Fatigue</er>.]</ety> <def>To weary or tire out; to fatigue.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Defatigation</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*fat`i*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>defatigatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Weariness; fatigue.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Default</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*fault"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>defaute</ets>, OF. <ets>defaute</ets>, <ets>defalte</ets>, fem., F. <ets>d\'82faut</ets>, masc., LL. <ets>defalta</ets>, fr. a verb meaning, to be deficient, to want, fail, fr. L. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>fallere</ets> to deceive. See <er>Fault</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A failing or failure; omission of that which ought to be done; neglect to do wha<?/duty or law requires; <as>as, this evil has happened through the governor's <ex>default</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fault; offense; ill deed; wrong act; failure in virtue or wisdom.</def>

<blockquote>And pardon craved for his so rash <b>default</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Regardless of our merit or <b>default</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A neglect of, or failure to take, some step necessary to secure the benefit of law, as a failure to appear in court at a day assigned, especially of the defendant in a suit when called to make answer; also of jurors, witnesses, etc.</def>

<cs><col>In default of</col>, <cd>in case of failure or lack of.</cd>

<blockquote>Cooks could make artificial birds and fishes <b>in default of</b> the real ones.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To suffer a default</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to permit an action to be called without appearing to answer.</cd></cs>

<h1>Default</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*fault"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Defaulted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Defaulting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To fail in duty; to offend.</def>

<blockquote>That he gainst courtesy so foully did <b>default</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fail in fulfilling a contract, agreement, or duty.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fail to appear in court; to let a case go by default.</def>

<h1>Default</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*fault"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To fail to perform or pay; to be guilty of neglect of; to omit; <as>as, to <ex>default</ex> a dividend</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What they have <b>defaulted</b> towards him as no king.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To call a defendant or other party whose duty it is to be present in court, and make entry of his default, if he fails to appear; to enter a default against.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To leave out of account; to omit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Defaulting</b> unnecessary and partial discourses.
<i>Hales.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defaulter</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*fault"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who makes default; one who fails to appear in court when court when called.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who fails to perform a duty; a delinquent; particularly, one who fails to account for public money intrusted to his care; a peculator; a defalcator.</def>

<h1>Defeasance</h1>
<Xpage=380>

<hw>De*fea"sance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>defesance</ets>, fr. <ets>defesant</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82faisant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>defaire</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82faire</ets>, to undo. See <er>Defeat</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A defeat; an overthrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>After his foes' <b>defeasance</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rendering null or void.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A condition, relating to a deed, which being performed, the deed is defeated or rendered void; or a collateral deed, made at the same time with a feoffment, or other conveyance, containing conditions, on the performance of which the estate then created may be defeated.</def>

<hr>
<page="381">
Page 381<p>

<note>&hand; Mortgages were usually made in this manner in former times, but the modern practice is to include the conveyance and the defeasance in the same deed.</note>

<h1>Defeasanced</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fea"sanced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Liable to defeasance; capable of being made void or forfeited.</def>

<h1>Defeasible</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fea"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Defeasance</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being annulled or made void; <as>as, a <ex>defeasible</ex> title</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*fea"si*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Defeat</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*feat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Defeated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Defeating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From F. <ets>d\'82fait</ets>, OF. <ets>desfait</ets>, p. p. ofe <ets>d\'82faire</ets>, OF. <ets>desfaire</ets>, to undo; L. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>facere</ets> to do. See <er>Feat</er>, <er>Fact</er>, and cf. <er>Disfashion</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To undo; to disfigure; to destroy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His unkindness may <b>defeat</b> my life.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To render null and void, as a title; to frustrate, as hope; to deprive, as of an estate.</def>

<blockquote>He finds himself naturally to dread a superior Being that can <b>defeat</b> all his designs, and disappoint all his hopes.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The escheators . . . <b>defeated</b> the right heir of his succession.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In one instance he <b>defeated</b> his own purpose.
<i>A. W. Ward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To overcome or vanquish, as an army; to check, disperse, or ruin by victory; to overthrow.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To resist with success; <as>as, to <ex>defeat</ex> an assault</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sharp reasons to <b>defeat</b> the law.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To baffle; disappoint; frustrate.</syn>

<h1>Defeat</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*feat"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82faite</ets>, fr. <ets>d\'82faire</ets>. See <er>Defeat</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An undoing or annulling; destruction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Upon whose property and most dear life
A damned <b>defeat</b> was made.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Frustration by rendering null and void, or by prevention of success; <as>as, the <ex>defeat</ex> of a plan or design</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An overthrow, as of an army in battle; loss of a battle; repulse suffered; discomfiture; -- opposed to <i>victory</i>.</def>

<h1>Defeature</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fea"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>desfaiture</ets> a killing, disguising, prop., an undoing. See <er>Defeat</er>, and cf. <er>Disfeature</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Overthrow; defeat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Nothing but loss in their <i>defeature</i>."

<i>Beau. &  Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disfigurement; deformity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Strange <i>defeatures</i> in my face."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Defeatured</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fea"tured</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Changed in features; deformed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Features when <b>defeatured</b> in the . . . way I have described.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defecate</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>Def"e*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>defaecatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>defaecare</ets> to defecate; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>faex</ets>, <ets>faecis</ets>, dregs, less.]</ety> <def>Freed from anything that can pollute, as dregs, lees, etc.; refined; purified.</def>

<blockquote>Till the soul be <b>defecate</b> from the dregs of sense.
<i>Bates.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defecate</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>Def"e*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Defecated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Defecating</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To clear from impurities, as lees, dregs, etc.; to clarify; to purify; to refine.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>defecate</b> the dark and muddy oil of amber.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To free from extraneous or polluting matter; to clear; to purify, as from that which materializes.</def>

<blockquote>We <b>defecate</b> the notion from materiality.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Defecated</b> from all the impurities of sense.
<i>Bp. Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defecate</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>Def"e*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To become clear, pure, or free.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To void excrement.</def>

<h1>Defecation</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>Def`e*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>defaecatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82f\'82cation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of separating from impurities, as lees or dregs; purification.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act or process of voiding excrement.</def>

<h1>Defecator</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>Def"e*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which cleanses or purifies; esp., an apparatus for removing the feculencies of juices and sirups.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Defect</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>defectus</ets>, fr. <ets>deficere</ets>, <ets>defectum</ets>, to desert, fail, be wanting; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>facere</ets> to make, do. See <er>Fact</er>, <er>Feat</er>, and cf. <er>Deficit</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Want or absence of something necessary for completeness or perfection; deficiency; -- opposed to <i>superfluity</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Errors have been corrected, and <b>defects</b> supplied.
<i>Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Failing; fault; imperfection, whether physical or moral; blemish; <as>as, a <ex>defect</ex> in the ear or eye; a <ex>defect</ex> in timber or iron; a <ex>defect</ex> of memory or judgment.</as></def>

<blockquote>Trust not yourself; but, your <b>defects</b> to know,
Make use of every friend -- any every foe.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Among boys little tenderness is shown to personal <b>defects</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Deficiency; imperfection; blemish. See <er>Fault</er>.</syn>

<h1>Defect</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fect"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fail; to become deficient.</def>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Defected</i> honor."

<i>Warner.</i>

<-- 2. Abandon one country or faction, and join another. -->

<h1>Defect</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fect"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To injure; to damage.</def>  "None can my life <i>defect</i>." <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Troubles of Q. Elizabeth (1639).</i>

<h1>Defectibility</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fect`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Deficiency; imperfection.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ld. Digby. Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Defectible</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fect"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Liable to defect; imperfect.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A <i>defectible</i> understanding."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Defection</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>defectio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82fection</ets>. See <er>Defect</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of abandoning a person or cause to which one is bound by allegiance or duty, or to which one has attached himself; desertion; failure in duty; a falling away; apostasy; backsliding.</def> "<i>Defection</i> and falling away from God."

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<blockquote>The general <b>defection</b> of the whole realm.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defectionist</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fec"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who advocates or encourages defection.</def>

<h1>Defectious</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fec"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having defects; imperfect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Some one <i>defectious</i> piece."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Defective</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>defectivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82fectif</ets>. See <er>Defect</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanting in something; incomplete; lacking a part; deficient; imperfect; faulty; -- applied either to natural or moral qualities; <as>as, a <ex>defective</ex> limb; <ex>defective</ex> timber; a <ex>defective</ex> copy or account; a <ex>defective</ex> character; <ex>defective</ex> rules.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Lacking some of the usual forms of declension or conjugation; <as>as, a <ex>defective</ex> noun or verb</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*fect"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>De*fect"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Defectuosity</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fec`tu*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82fectuosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Great imperfection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Defectuous</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fec"tu*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82fectueux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Full of defects; imperfect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Defedation</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>Def`e*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>defoedare</ets>, <ets>defoedatum</ets>, to defile; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>foedare</ets> to foul, <ets>foedus</ets> foul.]</ety> <def>The act of making foul; pollution.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Defence</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fence"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Defense</er>.</def>

<h1>Defend</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Defended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Defending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82fendre</ets>, L. <ets>defendere</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>fendere</ets> (only in comp.) to strike; perh. akin to Gr. <?/ to strike, and E. <ets>dint</ets>. Cf. <er>Dint</er>, <er>Defense</er>, <er>Fend</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To ward or fend off; to drive back or away; to repel.</def> <mark>[A Latinism & Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Th' other strove for to <b>defend</b>
The force of Vulcan with his might and main.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prohibit; to forbid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Which God <b>defend</b> that I should wring from him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To repel danger or harm from; to protect; to secure against; attack; to maintain against force or argument; to uphold; to guard; <as>as, to <ex>defend</ex> a town; to <ex>defend</ex> a cause; to <ex>defend</ex> character; to <ex>defend</ex> the absent</as>; -- sometimes followed by <i>from</i> or <i>against</i>; <as>as, to <ex>defend</ex> one's self <i>from</i>, or <i>against</i>, one's enemies</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The lord mayor craves aid . . . to <b>defend</b> the city.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>God <b>defend</b> the right!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A village near it was <b>defended</b> by the river.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law.)</fld> <def>To deny the right of the plaintiff in regard to (the suit, or the wrong charged); to oppose or resist, as a claim at law; to contest, as a suit.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Defend</er>, <er>Protect</er>.</syn> <usage> To <i>defend</i> is literally to ward off; to <i>protect</i> is to cover so as to secure against approaching danger. We <i>defend</i> those who are attacked; we <i>protect</i> those who are liable to injury or invasion. A fortress is <i>defended</i> by its guns, and <i>protected</i> by its wall.</usage>

<blockquote>As birds flying, so will the Lord of hosts <b>defend</b> Jerusalem; <b>defending</b> also he will deliver it.
<i>Is. xxxi. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Leave not the faithful side
That gave thee being, still shades thee and <b>protects</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defendable</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fend"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82fendable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being defended; defensible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Defendant</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fend"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82fendant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>d\'82fendre</ets>. See <er>Defend</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Serving, or suitable, for defense; defensive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With men of courage and with means <b>defendant</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Making defense.</def>

<h1>Defendant</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fend"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who defends; a defender.</def>

<blockquote>The rampiers and ditches which the <b>defendants</b> had cast up.
<i>Spotswood.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person required to make answer in an action or suit; -- opposed to <i>plaintiff</i>.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<note>&hand; The term is applied to any party of whom a demand is made in court, whether the party denies and defends the claim, or admits it, and suffers a default; also to a party charged with a criminal offense.</note>

<h1>Defendee</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De`fen*dee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is defended.</def> <mark>[R. & Ludicrous]</mark>

<h1>Defender</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fend"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Fender</er>.]</ety> <def>One who defends; one who maintains, supports, protects, or vindicates; a champion; an advocate; a vindicator.</def>

<blockquote>Provinces . . . left without their ancient and puissant <b>defenders</b>.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defendress</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fend"ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female defender.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Defendress</b> of the faith.
<i>Stow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defensative</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fen"sa*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>defensare</ets>, <ets>defensatum</ets>, to defend diligently, intens. of <ets>defendere</ets>. See <er>Defend</er>.]</ety> <def>That which serves to protect or defend.</def>

<h1>Defense, Defence</h1>
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<hw><hw>De*fense"</hw>, <hw>De*fence"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82fense</ets>, OF. <ets>defense</ets>, fem., <ets>defens</ets>, masc., fr. L. <ets>defensa</ets> (cf. <er>Fence</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of defending, or the state of being defended; protection, as from violence or danger.</def>

<blockquote>In cases of <b>defense</b> 't is best to weigh
The enemy more mighty than he seems.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which defends or protects; anything employed to oppose attack, ward off violence or danger, or maintain security; a guard; a protection.</def>

<blockquote>War would arise in <b>defense</b> of the right.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>God, the widow's champion and <b>defense</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Protecting plea; vindication; justification.</def>

<blockquote>Men, brethren, and fathers, hear ye my <b>defense</b>.
<i>Acts xxii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The defendant's answer or plea; an opposing or denial of the truth or validity of the plaintiff's or prosecutor's case; the method of proceeding adopted by the defendant to protect himself against the plaintiff's action.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Act or skill in making defense; defensive plan or policy; practice in self defense, as in fencing, boxing, etc.</def>

<blockquote>A man of great <b>defense</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By how much <b>defense</b> is better than no skill.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Prohibition; a prohibitory ordinance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Severe <b>defenses</b> . . . against wearing any linen under a certain breadth.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defense</h1>
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<hw>De*fense"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with defenses; to fortify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>defence</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Better manned and more strongly <b>defensed</b>.
<i>Hales.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defenseless</h1>
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<hw>De*fense"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of defense; unprepared to resist attack; unable to oppose; unprotected.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*fense"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>De*fense"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Defenser</h1>
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<hw>De*fens"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82fenseur</ets>, L. <ets>defensor</ets>. Cf. <er>Defensor</er>.]</ety> <def>Defender.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Defensibility</h1>
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<hw>De*fen`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capability of being defended.</def>

<h1>Defensible</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fen"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82fensable</ets>, LL. <ets>defensabilis</ets>, <ets>defensibilis</ets>. See <er>Defense</er>, and cf. <er>Defendable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being defended; <as>as, a <ex>defensible</ex> city, or a <ex>defensible</ex> cause</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of offering defense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Defensibleness</h1>
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<hw>De*fen"si*ble*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capability of being defended; defensibility.</def>

<i>Priestley.</i>

<h1>Defensive</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fen"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82fensif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Serving to defend or protect; proper for defense; opposed to <i>offensive</i>; <as>as, <ex>defensive</ex> armor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A moat <b>defensive</b> to a house.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Carried on by resisting attack or aggression; -- opposed to <i>offensive</i>; <as>as, <ex>defensive</ex> war</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In a state or posture of defense.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Defensive</h1>
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<hw>De*fen"sive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which defends; a safeguard.</def>

<blockquote>Wars preventive, upon just fears, are true <b>defensive</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To be on the defensive</col>, <col>To stand on the defensive</col></mcol>, <cd>to be or stand in a state or posture of defense or resistance, in opposition to aggression or attack.</cd></cs>

<h1>Defensively</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fen"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>On the defensive.</def>

<h1>Defensor</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fen"sor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Defenser</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A defender.</def>

<i>Fabyan.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A defender or an advocate in court; a guardian or protector.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The patron of a church; an officer having charge of the temporal affairs of a church.</def>

<h1>Defensory</h1>
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<hw>De*fen"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>defensorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to defend; defensive; <as>as, <ex>defensory</ex> preparations</as>.</def>

<h1>Defer</h1>
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<hw>De*fer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deferred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deferring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>differren</ets>, F. <ets>diff\'82rer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>differre</ets> to delay, bear different ways; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear. See <er>Bear</er> to support, and cf. <er>Differ</er>, <er>Defer</er> to offer.]</ety> <def>To put off; to postpone to a future time; to delay the execution of; to delay; to withhold.</def>

<blockquote><b>Defer</b> the spoil of the city until night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>God . . . will not long <b>defer</b>
To vindicate the glory of his name.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defer</h1>
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<hw>De*fer"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To put off; to delay to act; to wait.</def>

<blockquote>Pius was able to <b>defer</b> and temporize at leisure.
<i>J. A. Symonds.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defer</h1>
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<hw>De*fer"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82f\'82rer</ets> to pay deference, to yield, to bring before a judge, fr. L. <ets>deferre</ets> to bring down; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear. See <er>Bear</er> to support, and cf. <er>Defer</er> to delay, <er>Delate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To render or offer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Worship <b>deferred</b> to the Virgin.
<i>Brevint.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lay before; to submit in a respectful manner; to refer; -- with <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Hereupon the commissioners . . . <b>deferred</b> the matter to the Earl of Northumberland.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defer</h1>
<Xpage=381>

<hw>De*fer"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To yield deference to the wishes of another; to submit to the opinion of another, or to authority; -- with <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The house, <b>deferring</b> to legal right, acquiesced.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deference</h1>
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<hw>Def"er*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82f\'82rence</ets>. See 3d <er>Defer</er>.]</ety> <def>A yielding of judgment or preference from respect to the wishes or opinion of another; submission in opinion; regard; respect; complaisance.</def>

<blockquote><b>Deference</b> to the authority of thoughtful and sagacious men.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Deference</b> is the most complicate, the most indirect, and the most elegant of all compliments.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Deference</er>, <er>Reverence</er>, <er>Respect</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Deference</i> marks an inclination to yield one's opinion, and to acquiesce in the sentiments of another in preference to one's own. <i>Respect</i> marks the estimation that we have for another, which makes us look to him as worthy of high confidence for the qualities of his mind and heart. <i>Reverence</i> denotes a mingling of fear with a high degree of respect and esteem. Age, rank, dignity, and personal merit call for <i>deference</i>; <i>respect</i> should be paid to the wise and good; <i>reverence</i> is due to God, to the authors of our being, and to the sanctity of the laws.</usage>

<h1>Deferent</h1>
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<hw>Def"er*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deferens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>deferre</ets>. See 3d <er>Defer</er>.]</ety> <def>Serving to carry; bearing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Bodies <i>deferent</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Deferent</h1>
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<hw>Def"er*ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which carries or conveys.</def>

<blockquote>Though air be the most favorable <b>deferent</b> of sounds.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Ptolemaic Astron.)</fld> <def>An imaginary circle surrounding the earth, in whose periphery either the heavenly body or the center of the heavenly body's epicycle was supposed to be carried round.</def>

<h1>Deferential</h1>
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<hw>Def`er*en"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Deference</er>.]</ety> <def>Expressing deference; accustomed to defer.</def>

<h1>Deferentially</h1>
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<hw>Def`er*en"tial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With deference.</def>

<h1>Deferment</h1>
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<hw>De*fer"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Defer</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of delaying; postponement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>My grief, joined with the instant business,
Begs a <b>deferment</b>.
<i>Suckling.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deferrer</h1>
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<hw>De*fer"rer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who defers or puts off.</def>

<h1>Defervescence, Defervescency</h1>
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<hw><hw>De`fer*ves"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>De`fer*ves"cency</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>defervescere</ets> to grow cool.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A subsiding from a state of ebullition; loss of heat; lukewarmness.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>defervescency</b> in holy actions.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The subsidence of a febrile process; <as>as, the stage of <ex>defervescence</ex> in pneumonia</as>.</def>

<h1>Defeudalize</h1>
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<hw>De*feu"dal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of the feudal character or form.</def>

<h1>Defiance</h1>
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<hw>De*fi"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>defiance</ets>, <ets>desfiance</ets>, challenge, fr. <ets>desfier</ets> to challenge, F. <ets>d\'82fier</ets>. See <er>Defy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of defying, putting in opposition, or provoking to combat; a challenge; a provocation; a summons to combat.</def>

<blockquote>A war without a just <b>defiance</b> made.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Stood for her cause, and flung <b>defiance</b> down.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of opposition; willingness to flight; disposition to resist; contempt of opposition.</def>

<blockquote>He breathed <b>defiance</b> to my ears.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A casting aside; renunciation; rejection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Defiance</i> to thy kindness."

<i>Ford.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>To bid defiance</col>, <col>To set at defiance</col></mcol>, <cd>to defy; to disregard recklessly or contemptuously.</cd></cs>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Defiant</h1>
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<hw>De*fi"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82fiant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>d\'82fier</ets>. See <er>Defy</er>.]</ety> <def>Full of defiance; bold; insolent; <as>as, a <ex>defiant</ex> spirit or act</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In attitude stern and <b>defiant</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>De*fi"ant*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>De*fi"ant*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<hr>
<page="382">
Page 382<p>

<h1>Defiatory</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*fi"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Defy</er>.]</ety> <def>Bidding or manifesting defiance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shelford.</i>

<h1>Defibrinate</h1>
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<hw>De*fi"bri*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of fibrin, as fresh blood or lymph by stirring with twigs.</def>

<h1>Defibrination</h1>
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<hw>De*fi`bri*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of depriving of fibrin.</def>

<h1>Defibrinize</h1>
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<hw>De*fi"bri*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To defibrinate.</def>

<h1>Deficience</h1>
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<hw>De*fi"cience</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Deficiency</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Thou in thyself art perfect, and in thee
Is no <b>deficience</b> found.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deficiency</h1>
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<hw>De*fi"cien*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Deficiencies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Deficient</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being deficient; inadequacy; want; failure; imperfection; shortcoming; defect.</def> "A <i>deficiency</i>of blood."

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<blockquote>[Marlborough] was so miserably ignorant, that his <b>deficiencies</b> made him the ridicule of his contemporaries.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Deficiency of a curve</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the amount by which the number of double points on a curve is short of the maximum for curves of the same degree.</cd></cs>

<h1>Deficient</h1>
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<hw>De*fi"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deficiens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>deficere</ets> to be wanting. See <er>Defect</er>.]</ety> <def>Wanting, to make up completeness; wanting, as regards a requirement; not sufficient; inadequate; defective; imperfect; incomplete; lacking; <as>as, <ex>deficient</ex> parts; <ex>deficient</ex> estate; <ex>deficient</ex> strength; <ex>deficient</ex> in judgment.</as></def>

<blockquote>The style was indeed <b>deficient</b> in ease and variety.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Deficient number</col>. <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Abundant</er>.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>De*fi"cient-ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Deficit</h1>
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<hw>Def"i*cit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Lit., <ets>it is wanting</ets>, 3d person pres. indic. of L. <ets>deficere</ets>, cf. F. <ets>d\'82ficit</ets>. See <er>Defect</er>.]</ety> <def>Deficiency in amount or quality; a falling short; lack; <as>as, a <ex>deficit</ex> in taxes, revenue, etc.</as></def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Defier</h1>
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<hw>De*fi"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Defy</er>.]</ety> <def>One who dares and defies; a contemner; <as>as, a <ex>defier</ex> of the laws</as>.</def>

<h1>Defiguration</h1>
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<hw>De*fig`u*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disfiguration; mutilation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Defigure</h1>
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<hw>De*fig"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> (intens.) + <ets>figure</ets>.]</ety> <def>To delineate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>These two stones as they are here <b>defigured</b>.
<i>Weever.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defilade</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De`fi*lade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Defiladed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Defilading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82filer</ets> to defile, and <ets>d\'82filade</ets> act of defiling. See 1st <er>Defile</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To raise, as a rampart, so as to shelter interior works commanded from some higher point.</def>

<h1>Defilading</h1>
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<hw>De`fi*lad"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The art or act of determining the directions and heights of the lines of rampart with reference to the protection of the interior from exposure to an enemy's fire from any point within range, or from any works which may be erected.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Defile</h1>
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<hw>De*file"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Defiled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Defiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82filer</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets>, for <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>file</ets> a row or line. See <er>File</er> a row.]</ety> <def>To march off in a line, file by file; to file off.</def>

<h1>Defile</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*file"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Defilade</er>.</def>

<h1>Defile</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*file"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82fil\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>d\'82filer</ets> to defile.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any narrow passage or gorge in which troops can march only in a file, or with a narrow front; a long, narrow pass between hills, rocks, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The act of defilading a fortress, or of raising the exterior works in order to protect the interior. See <er>Defilade</er>.</def>

<h1>Defile</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*file"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>defoulen</ets>, <ets>-foilen</ets>, to tread down, OF. <ets>defouler</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>fouler</ets> to trample (see <er>Full</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>), and OE. <ets>defoulen</ets> to foul (influenced in form by the older verb <ets>defoilen</ets>). See <er>File</er> to defile, <er>Foul</er>, <er>Defoul</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make foul or impure; to make filthy; to dirty; to befoul; to pollute.</def>

<blockquote>They that touch pitch will be <b>defiled</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To soil or sully; to tarnish, as reputation; to taint.</def>

<blockquote>He is . . . among the greatest prelates of this age, however his character may be <b>defiled</b> by . . . dirty hands.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To injure in purity of character; to corrupt.</def>

<blockquote><b>Defile</b> not yourselves with the idols of Egypt.
<i>Ezek. xx. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To corrupt the chastity of; to debauch; to violate.</def>

<blockquote>The husband murder'd and the wife <b>defiled</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To make ceremonially unclean; to pollute.</def>

<blockquote>That which dieth of itself, or is torn with beasts, he shall not eat to <b>defile</b> therewith.
<i>Lev. xxii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defilement</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*file"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82filement</ets>. See <er>Defile</er>]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The protection of the interior walls of a fortification from an enfilading fire, as by covering them, or by a high parapet on the exposed side.</def>

<h1>Defilement</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*file"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From 3d <er>Defile</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of defiling, or state of being defiled, whether physically or morally; pollution; foulness; dirtiness; uncleanness.</def>

<blockquote><b>Defilements</b> of the flesh.
<i>Hopkins.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The chaste can not rake into such filth without danger of <b>defilement</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defiler</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*fil"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who defiles; one who corrupts or violates; that which pollutes.</def>

<h1>Defiliation</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*fil`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>filius</ets> son.]</ety> <def>Abstraction of a child from its parents.</def>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Definable</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*fin"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Define</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being defined, limited, or explained; determinable; describable by definition; ascertainable; <as>as, <ex>definable</ex> limits; <ex>definable</ex> distinctions or regulations; <ex>definable</ex> words</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*fin"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Define</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*fine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Defined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Defining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>definer</ets>, usually, to end, to finish, F. <ets>d\'82finir</ets> to define, L. <ets>definire</ets> to limit, define; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>finire</ets> to limit, end, <ets>finis</ets> boundary, limit, end. See <er>Final</er>, <er>Finish</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To fix the bounds of; to bring to a termination; to end.</def> "To <i>define</i> controversies."

<i>Barrow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To determine or clearly exhibit the boundaries of; to mark the limits of; <as>as, to <ex>define</ex> the extent of a kingdom or country</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To determine with precision; to mark out with distinctness; to ascertain or exhibit clearly; <as>as, the <ex>defining</ex> power of an optical instrument</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Rings . . . very distinct and well <b>defined</b>.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To determine the precise signification of; to fix the meaning of; to describe accurately; to explain; to expound or interpret; <as>as, to <ex>define</ex> a word, a phrase, or a scientific term</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>define</b> virtue to be life ordered according to nature.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Define</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*fine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To determine; to decide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Definement</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*fine"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of defining; definition; description.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Definer</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*fin"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who defines or explains.</def>

<h1>Definite</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>Def"i*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>definitis</ets>, p. p. of <ets>definire</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82fini</ets>. See <er>Define</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having certain or distinct; determinate in extent or greatness; limited; fixed; <as>as, <ex>definite</ex> dimensions; a <ex>definite</ex> measure; a <ex>definite</ex> period or interval.</as></def>

<blockquote>Elements combine in <b>definite</b> proportions.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having certain limits in signification; determinate; certain; precise; fixed; exact; clear; <as>as, a <ex>definite</ex> word, term, or expression</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Determined; resolved.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Serving to define or restrict; limiting; determining; <as>as, the <ex>definite</ex> article</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Definite article</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>the article <i>the<i>, which is used to designate a particular person or thing, or a particular class of persons or things; -- also called a <i>definitive<i>. See <er>Definitive</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Definite inflorescence</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Determinate inflorescence</cref>, under <er>Determinate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Law of definite proportions</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the essential law of chemical combination that every definite compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions by weight; and, if two or more elements form more than one compound with each other, the relative proportions of each are fixed. Compare <i>Law of multiple proportions<i>, under <er>Multiple</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Definite</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>Def"i*nite</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thing defined or determined.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Definitely</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>Def"i*nite*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a definite manner; with precision; precisely; determinately.</def>

<h1>Definiteness</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>Def"i*nite*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being definite; determinateness; precision; certainty.</def>

<h1>Definition</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>Def`i*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>definitio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82finition</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of defining; determination of the limits; <as>as, the telescope accurate in <ex>definition</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Act of ascertaining and explaining the signification; a description of a thing by its properties; an explanation of the meaning of a word or term; <as>as, the <ex>definition</ex> of "circle;" the <ex>definition</ex> of "wit;" an exact <ex>definition</ex>; a loose <ex>definition</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Definition</b> being nothing but making another understand by words what the term defined stands for.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Description; sort.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A new creature of another <i>definition</i>."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>An exact enunciation of the constituents which make up the logical essence.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Distinctness or clearness, as of an image formed by an optical instrument; precision in detail.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Definition</er>, <er>Explanation</er>, <er>Description</er>.</syn> <usage> A <i>definition</i> is designed to settle a thing in its compass and extent; an <i>explanation</i> is intended to remove some obscurity or misunderstanding, and is therefore more extended and minute; a <i>description</i> enters into striking particulars with a view to interest or impress by graphic effect. It is not therefore true, though often said, that <i>description</i> is only an extended <i>definition</i>. "Logicians distinguish <i>definitions</i> into <i>essential</i> and <i>accidental</i>. An <i>essential definition</i> states what are regarded as the constituent parts of the essence of that which is to be defined; and an <i>accidental definition</i> lays down what are regarded as circumstances belonging to it, viz., properties or accidents, such as causes, effects, etc."</usage>

<i>Whately.</i>

<h1>Definitional</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>Def`i*ni"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to definition; of the nature of a definition; employed in defining.</def>

<h1>Definitive</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*fin"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>definitivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82finitif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Determinate; positive; final; conclusive; unconditional; express.</def>

<blockquote>A strict and <b>definitive</b> truth.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some <b>definitive</b> . . . scheme of reconciliation.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Limiting; determining; <as>as, a <ex>definitive</ex> word</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Determined; resolved.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Definitive</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*fin"i*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word used to define or limit the extent of the signification of a common noun, such as the definite article, and some pronouns.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Definitives</i> . . . are commonly called by grammarians <i>articles</i>.  . . .  They are of two kinds, either those properly and strictly so called, or else pronominal articles, such as <i>this</i>, <i>that</i>, <i>any</i>, <i>other</i>, <i>some</i>, <i>all</i>, <i>no</i>, <i>none</i>, etc.</note>

<i>Harris (Hermes).</i>

<h1>Definitively</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*fin"i*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a definitive manner.</def>

<h1>Definitiveness</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*fin"i*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being definitive.</def>

<h1>Definitude</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*fin"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Definiteness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Definitude</b> . . . is a knowledge of minute differences.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defix</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*fix"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>defixus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>defigere</ets> to fix; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>figere</ets> to fix.]</ety> <def>To fix; to fasten; to establish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>defix</i> their princely seat . . . in that extreme province."

<i>Hakluyt.</i>

<h1>Deflagrability</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>Def`la*gra*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The state or quality of being deflagrable.</def>

<blockquote>The ready <b>deflagrability</b> . . . of saltpeter.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deflagrable</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*fla"gra*ble</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Deflagrate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Burning with a sudden and sparkling combustion, as niter; hence, slightly explosive; liable to snap and crackle when heated, as salt.</def>

<h1>Deflagrate</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>Def"la*grate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deflagrated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deflagrating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>deflagratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deflagrare</ets> to burn up; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>flagrare</ets> to flame, burn.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To burn with a sudden and sparkling combustion, as niter; also, to snap and crackle with slight explosions when heated, as salt.</def>

<h1>Deflagrate</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>Def"la*grate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To cause to burn with sudden and sparkling combustion, as by the action of intense heat; to burn or vaporize suddenly; <as>as, to <ex>deflagrate</ex> refractory metals in the oxyhydrogen flame</as>.</def>

<h1>Deflagration</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>Def`la*gra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deflagratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82flagration</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A burning up; conflagration.</def> "Innumerable deluges and <i>deflagrations</i>."

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process of deflagrating.</def>

<h1>Deflagrator</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>Def"la*gra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A form of the voltaic battery having large plates, used for producing rapid and powerful combustion.</def>

<h1>Deflate</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> down + L. <ets>flare</ets>, <ets>flatus</ets> to blow.]</ety> <def>To reduce from an inflated condition.</def>

<h1>Deflect</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deflected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deflecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>deflectere</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>flectere</ets> to bend or turn. See <er>Flexible</er>.]</ety> <def>To cause to turn aside; to bend; <as>as, rays of light are often <ex>deflected</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sitting with their knees <b>deflected</b> under them.
<i>Lord (1630).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deflect</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flect"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To turn aside; to deviate from a right or a horizontal line, or from a proper position, course or direction; to swerve.</def>

<blockquote>At some part of the Azores, the needle <b>deflecteth</b> not, but lieth in the true meridian.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>deflect</b> from the line of truth and reason.
<i>Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deflectable</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flect"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being deflected.</def>

<h1>Deflected</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flect"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Turned aside; deviating from a direct line or course.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bent downward; deflexed.</def>

<h1>Deflection</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deflexio</ets>, fr. <ets>deflectere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82flexion</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of turning aside, or state of being turned aside; a turning from a right line or proper course; a bending, esp. downward; deviation.</def>

<blockquote>The other leads to the same point, through certain <b>deflections</b>.
<i>Lowth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gunnery)</fld> <def>The deviation of a shot or ball from its true course.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A deviation of the rays of light toward the surface of an opaque body; inflection; diffraction.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>The bending which a beam or girder undergoes from its own weight or by reason of a load.</def>

<h1>Deflectionization</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flec`tion*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of freeing from inflections.</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Deflectionize</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flec"tion*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To free from inflections.</def>

<blockquote><b>Deflectionized</b> languages are said to be analytic.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deflective</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing deflection.</def>

<cs><col>Deflective forces</col>, <cd>forces that cause a body to deviate from its course.</cd></cs>

<h1>Deflector</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flect"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>That which deflects, as a diaphragm in a furnace, or a come in a lamp (to deflect and mingle air and gases and help combustion).</def>

<h1>Deflexed</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flexed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bent abruptly downward.</def>

<h1>Deflexion</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flex"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Deflection</er>.</def>

<h1>Deflexure</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flex"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>deflectere</ets>, <ets>deflexum</ets>. See <er>Deflect</er>.]</ety> <def>A bending or turning aside; deflection.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Deflorate</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flo"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>defloratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deflorare</ets>. See <er>Deflour</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Past the flowering state; having shed its pollen.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Defloration</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>Def`lo*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>defloratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82floration</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of deflouring; <as>as, the <ex>defloration</ex> if a virgin</as>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is chosen as the flower or choicest part; careful culling or selection.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The laws of Normandy are, in a great measure, the <b>defloration</b> of the English laws.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deflour</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flour"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Defloured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deflouring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82florer</ets>, LL. <ets>deflorare</ets>; L. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower. See <er>Flower</er>, and cf. <er>Deflorate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To deprive of flowers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take away the prime beauty and grace of; to rob of the choicest ornament.</def>

<blockquote>He died innocent and before the sweetness of his soul was <b>defloured</b> and ravished from him.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deprive of virginity, as a woman; to violate; to ravish; also, to seduce.</def>

<h1>Deflourer</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flour"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who deflours; a ravisher.</def>

<h1>Deflow</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>flow</ets>: cf. L. <ets>defluere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To flow down.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Deflower</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>flower</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Deflour</er>.</def>

<blockquote>An earthquake . . . <b>deflowering</b> the gardens.
<i>W. Montagu.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If a man had <b>deflowered</b> a virgin.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deflowerer</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flow"er*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Deflourer</er>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Defluous</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>Def"lu*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>defluus</ets>, fr. <ets>defluere</ets> to flow down; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>fluere</ets> to flow.]</ety> <def>Flowing down; falling off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Deflux</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flux"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>defluxus</ets>, fr. <ets>defluere</ets>, <ets>defluxum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Downward flow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Defluxion</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*flux"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>defluxio</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A discharge or flowing of humors or fluid matter, as from the nose in catarrh; -- sometimes used synonymously with <i>inflammation</i>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Defly</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>Def"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Deftly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Def\'d2dation</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>Def`\'d2*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Defedation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Defoliate, Defoliated</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw><hw>De*fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>De*fo"li*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deprived of leaves, as by their natural fall.</def>

<h1>Defoliation</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*fo`li*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>defoliare</ets>, <ets>defoliatum</ets>, to shed leaves; L. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>folium</ets> leaf: cf. F. <ets>d\'82foliation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The separation of ripened leaves from a branch or stem; the falling or shedding of the leaves.</def>

<h1>Deforce</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*force"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deforced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deforcing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>deforcier</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> or <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>de</ets> or <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>forcier</ets>, F. <ets>forcer</ets>. See <er>Force</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To keep from the rightful owner; to withhold wrongfully the possession of, as of lands or a freehold.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>To resist the execution of the law; to oppose by force, as an officer in the execution of his duty.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Deforcement</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*force"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A keeping out by force or wrong; a wrongful withholding, as of lands or tenements, to which another has a right.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>Resistance to an officer in the execution of law.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Deforceor</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*force"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Deforciant</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Deforciant</h1>
<Xpage=382>

<hw>De*for"ciant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>deforciant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>deforcier</ets>. See <er>Deforce</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who keeps out of possession the rightful owner of an estate.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One against whom a fictitious action of fine was brought.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Deforciation</h1>
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<hw>De*for`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Deforcement</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<hr>
<page="383">
Page 383<p>

<h1>Deforest</h1>
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<hw>De*for"est</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To clear of forests; to dis<?/orest.</def>

<i>U. S. Agric. Reports.</i>

<h1>Deform</h1>
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<hw>De*form"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deformed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deforming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>deformare</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>formare</ets> to form, shape, fr. <ets>forma</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82former</ets>. See <er>Form</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To spoil the form of; to mar in form; to misshape; to disfigure.</def>

<blockquote><b>Deformed</b>, unfinished, sent before my time
Into this breathing world.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To render displeasing; to deprive of comeliness, grace, or perfection; to dishonor.</def>

<blockquote>Above those passions that this world <b>deform</b>.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deform</h1>
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<hw>De*form"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deformis</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>forma</ets> form: cf. OF. <ets>deforme</ets>, F. <ets>difforme</ets>. Cf. <er>Difform</er>.]</ety> <def>Deformed; misshapen; shapeless; horrid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sight so <b>deform</b> what heart of rock could long
Dry-eyed behold?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deformation</h1>
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<hw>Def`or*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>deformatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82formation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of deforming, or state of anything deformed.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Transformation; change of shape.</def>

<h1>Deformed</h1>
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<hw>De*formed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unnatural or distorted in form; having a deformity; misshapen; disfigured; <as>as, a <ex>deformed</ex> person; a <ex>deformed</ex> head.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*form"ed*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>De*form"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Deformer</h1>
<Xpage=383>

<hw>De*form"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who deforms.</def>

<h1>Deformity</h1>
<Xpage=383>

<hw>De*form"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Deformities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>deformitas</ets>, fr. <ets>deformis</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>deformet\'82</ets>, <ets>deformit\'82</ets>, F. <ets>difformit\'82</ets>. See <er>Deform</er>, <tt>v.</tt> &  <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Disformity</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being deformed; want of proper form or symmetry; any unnatural form or shape; distortion; irregularity of shape or features; ugliness.</def>

<blockquote>To make an envious mountain on my back,
Where sits <b>deformity</b> to mock my body.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything that destroys beauty, grace, or propriety; irregularity; absurdity; gross deviation from other or the established laws of propriety; <as>as, <ex>deformity</ex> in an edifice; <ex>deformity</ex> of character.</as></def>

<blockquote>Confounded, that her Maker's eyes
Should look so near upon her foul <b>deformities</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deforser</h1>
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<hw>De*fors"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Deforce</er>.]</ety> <ety>[Written also <ets>deforsor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A deforciant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Defoul</h1>
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<hw>De*foul"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Defile</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To tread down.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make foul; to defile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Defraud</h1>
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<hw>De*fraud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Defrauded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Defrauding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>defraudare</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>fraudare</ets> to cheat, fr. <ets>fraus</ets>, <ets>fraudis</ets>, fraud: cf. OF. <ets>defrauder</ets>. See <er>Fraud</er>.]</ety> <def>To deprive of some right, interest, or property, by a deceitful device; to withhold from wrongfully; to injure by embezzlement; to cheat; to overreach; <as>as, to <ex>defraud</ex> a servant, or a creditor, or the state</as>; -- with <i>of</i> before the thing taken or withheld.</def>

<blockquote>We have <b>defrauded</b> no man.
<i>2 Cor. vii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Churches seem injured and <b>defrauded</b> of their rights.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defraudation</h1>
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<hw>De`frau*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>defraudatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82fraudation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of defrauding; a taking by fraud.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Defrauder</h1>
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<hw>De*fraud"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who defrauds; a cheat; an embezzler; a peculator.</def>

<h1>Defraudment</h1>
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<hw>De*fraud"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>defraudement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Privation by fraud; defrauding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Defray</h1>
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<hw>De*fray"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Defrayed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Defraying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82frayer</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>de</ets> or <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>frais</ets> expense, fr. LL. <ets>fredum</ets>, <ets>fridum</ets>, expense, fine by which an offender obtained peace from his sovereign, or more likely, atoned for an offense against the public peace, fr. OHG. <ets>fridu</ets> peace, G. <ets>friede</ets>. See <er>Affray</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To pay or discharge; to serve in payment of; to provide for, as a charge, debt, expenses, costs, etc.</def>

<blockquote>For the discharge of his expenses, and <b>defraying</b> his cost, he allowed him . . . four times as much.
<i>Usher.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To avert or appease, as by paying off; to satisfy; <as>as, to <ex>defray</ex> wrath</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Defrayal</h1>
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<hw>De*fray"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of defraying; payment; <as>as, the <ex>defrayal</ex> of necessary costs</as>.</def>

<h1>Defrayer</h1>
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<hw>De*fray"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pays off expenses.</def>

<h1>Defrayment</h1>
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<hw>De*fray"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Payment of charges.</def>

<h1>Deft</h1>
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<hw>Deft</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>daft</ets>, <ets>deft</ets>, becoming, mild, gentle, stupid (cf. OE. <ets>daffe</ets>, <ets>deffe</ets>, fool, coward), AS. <ets>d\'91ft</ets> (in derivatives only) mild, gentle, fitting, seasonable; akin to <ets>dafen</ets>, <ets>gedafen</ets>, becoming, fit, Goth. <ets>gadaban</ets> to be fit. Cf. <er>Daft</er>, <er>Daff</er>, <er>Dapper</er>.]</ety> <def>Apt; fit; dexterous; clever; handy; spruce; neat. <mark>[Archaic or Poetic]</mark> "The <i>deftest</i> way." <i>Shak</i>.</def> "<i>Deftest</i> feats."

<i>Gay.</i>

<blockquote>The limping god, do <b>deft</b> at his new ministry.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let me be <b>deft</b> and debonair.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deftly</h1>
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<hw>Deft"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Defly</er>.]</ety> <def>Aptly; fitly; dexterously; neatly.</def> "<i>Deftly</i> dancing."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<blockquote>Thyself and office <b>deftly</b> show.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deftness</h1>
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<hw>Deft"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being deft.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defunct</h1>
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<hw>De*funct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>defunctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>defungi</ets> to acquit one's self of, to perform, finish, depart, die; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>fungi</ets> to perform, discharge: cf. F. <ets>d\'82funt</ets>. See <er>Function</er>.]</ety> <def>Having finished the course of life; dead; deceased.</def> "<i>Defunct</i> organs."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The boar, <b>defunct</b>, lay tripped up, near.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defunct</h1>
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<hw>De*funct"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dead person; one deceased.</def>

<h1>Defunction</h1>
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<hw>De*func"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>defunctio</ets> performance, death.]</ety> <def>Death.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>After <b>defunction</b> of King Pharamond.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defunctive</h1>
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<hw>De*func"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Funereal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Defunctive</i> music."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Defuse</h1>
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<hw>De*fuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Diffuse</er>.]</ety> <def>To disorder; to make shapeless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Defy</h1>
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<hw>De*fy"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Defied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Defying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82fier</ets>, OF. <ets>deffier</ets>, <ets>desfier</ets>, LL. <ets>disfidare</ets> to disown faith or fidelity, to dissolve the bond of allegiance, as between the vassal and his lord; hence, to challenge, defy; fr. L. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>fides</ets> faith. See <er>Faith</er>, and cf. <er>Diffident</er>, <er>Affiance</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To renounce or dissolve all bonds of affiance, faith, or obligation with; to reject, refuse, or renounce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I defy the surety and the bond.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For thee I have <b>defied</b> my constant mistress.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To provoke to combat or strife; to call out to combat; to challenge; to dare; to brave; to set at defiance; to treat with contempt; <as>as, to <ex>defy</ex> an enemy; to <ex>defy</ex> the power of a magistrate; to <ex>defy</ex> the arguments of an opponent; to <ex>defy</ex> public opinion.</as></def>

<blockquote>I once again
<b>Defy</b> thee to the trial of mortal fight.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>defy</b> the enemies of our constitution to show the contrary.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Defy</h1>
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<hw>De*fy"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A challenge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Degarnish</h1>
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<hw>De*gar"nish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Degarnished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Degarnishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82garnir</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets>, <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>garnir</ets> to furnish. See <er>Garnish</er>, and cf. <er>Disgarnish</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To strip or deprive of entirely, as of furniture, ornaments, etc.; to disgarnish; <as>as, to <ex>degarnish</ex> a house, etc.</as></def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive of a garrison, or of troops necessary for defense; <as>as, to <ex>degarnish</ex> a city or fort</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Washington.</i>

<h1>Degarnishment</h1>
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<hw>De*gar"nish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of depriving, as of furniture, apparatus, or a garrison.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Degender, Degener</h1>
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<hw><hw>De*gen"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>De*gen"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Degenerate</er>.]</ety> <def>To degenerate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Degendering</i> to hate."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>He <b>degenereth</b> into beastliness.
<i>Joye.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Degeneracy</h1>
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<hw>De*gen"er*a*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Degenerate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of becoming degenerate; a growing worse.</def>

<blockquote>Willful <b>degeneracy</b> from goodness.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of having become degenerate; decline in good qualities; deterioration; meanness.</def>

<blockquote><b>Degeneracy</b> of spirit in a state of slavery.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To recover mankind out of their universal corruption and <b>degeneracy</b>.
<i>S. Clarke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Degenerate</h1>
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<hw>De*gen"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>degeneratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>degenerare</ets> to degenerate, cause to degenerate, fr. <ets>degener</ets> base, degenerate, that departs from its race or kind; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>genus</ets> race, kind. See <er>Kin</er> relationship.]</ety> <def>Having become worse than one's kind, or one's former state; having declined in worth; having lost in goodness; deteriorated; degraded; unworthy; base; low.</def>

<blockquote>Faint-hearted and <b>degenerate</b> king.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>degenerate</b> and degraded state.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Degenerate</b> from their ancient blood.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These <b>degenerate</b> days.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I had planted thee a noble vine . . . : how then art thou turned into the <b>degenerate</b> plant of a strange vine unto me?
<i>Jer. ii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Degenerate</h1>
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<hw>De*gen"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Degenerated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Degenerating</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To be or grow worse than one's kind, or than one was originally; hence, to be inferior; to grow poorer, meaner, or more vicious; to decline in good qualities; to deteriorate.</def>

<blockquote>When wit transgresseth decency, it <b>degenerates</b> into insolence and impiety.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To fall off from the normal quality or the healthy structure of its kind; to become of a lower type.</def>

<h1>Degenerately</h1>
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<hw>De*gen"er*ate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a degenerate manner; unworthily.</def>

<h1>Degenerateness</h1>
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<hw>De*gen"er*ate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Degeneracy.</def>

<h1>Degeneration</h1>
<Xpage=383>

<hw>De*gen`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82g\'82n\'82ration</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of growing worse, or the state of having become worse; decline; degradation; debasement; degeneracy; deterioration.</def>

<blockquote>Our <b>degeneration</b> and apostasy.
<i>Bates.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>That condition of a tissue or an organ in which its vitality has become either diminished or perverted; a substitution of a lower for a higher form of structure; <as>as, fatty <ex>degeneration</ex> of the liver</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A gradual deterioration, from natural causes, of any class of animals or plants or any particular or organs; hereditary degradation of type.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The thing degenerated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Cockle, aracus, . . . and other <b>degenerations</b>.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Amyloid degeneration</col>, <col>Caseous degeneration</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Amyloid</er>, <er>Caseous</er>, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Degenerationist</h1>
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<hw>De*gen`er*a"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A believer in the theory of degeneration, or hereditary degradation of type; <as>as, the <ex>degenerationists</ex> hold that savagery is the result of degeneration from a superior state</as>.</def>

<h1>Degenerative</h1>
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<hw>De*gen"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Undergoing or producing degeneration; tending to degenerate.</def>

<h1>Degenerous</h1>
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<hw>De*gen"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>degener</ets>. See <er>Degenerate</er>.]</ety> <def>Degenerate; base.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Degenerous</i> passions." <i>Dryden</i>.  "<i>Degenerous</i> practices."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Degenerously</h1>
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<hw>De*gen"er*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Basely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Deglazing</h1>
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<hw>De*glaz"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of giving a dull or ground surface to glass by acid or by mechanical means.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Degloried</h1>
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<hw>De*glo"ried</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deprived of glory; dishonored.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "With thorns <i>degloried</i>."

<i>G. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Deglutinate</h1>
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<hw>De*glu"ti*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deglutinated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deglutinating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>deglutinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deglutinare</ets> to deglutinate; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>glutinare</ets> to glue, <ets>gluten</ets> glue.]</ety> <def>To loosen or separate by dissolving the glue which unties; to unglue.</def>

<h1>Deglutination</h1>
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<hw>De*glu`ti*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of ungluing.</def>

<h1>Deglutition</h1>
<Xpage=383>

<hw>Deg`lu*ti"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deglutire</ets> to swallow down; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>glutire</ets> to swallow: cf. F. <ets>d\'82glutition</ets>. See <er>Glut</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of swallowing food; the power of swallowing.</def>

<blockquote>The muscles employed in the act of <b>deglutition</b>.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deglutitious</h1>
<Xpage=383>

<hw>Deg`lu*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to deglutition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Deglutitory</h1>
<Xpage=383>

<hw>De*glu"ti*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving for, or aiding in, deglutition.</def>

<h1>Degradation</h1>
<Xpage=383>

<hw>Deg`ra*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>degradatio</ets>, from <ets>degradare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82gradation</ets>. See <er>Degrade</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reducing in rank, character, or reputation, or of abasing; a lowering from one's standing or rank in office or society; diminution; <as>as, the <ex>degradation</ex> of a peer, a knight, a general, or a bishop</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He saw many removes and <b>degradations</b> in all the other offices of which he had been possessed.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being reduced in rank, character, or reputation; baseness; moral, physical, or intellectual degeneracy; disgrace; abasement; debasement.</def>

<blockquote>The . . . <b>degradation</b> of a needy man of letters.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Deplorable is the <b>degradation</b> of our nature.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Moments there frequently must be, when a si<?/<?/er is sensible of the <b>degradation</b> of his state.
<i>Blair.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Diminution or reduction of strength, efficacy, or value; degeneration; deterioration.</def>

<blockquote>The development and <b>degradation</b> of the alphabetic forms can be traced.
<i>I. Taylor (The Alphabet).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A gradual wearing down or wasting, as of rocks and banks, by the action of water, fro<?/<?/ etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The state or condition of a species or group which exhibits degraded forms; degeneration.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>degradation</b> of the species man is observed in some of its varieties.
<i>Dana.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Arrest of development, or degeneration of any organ, or of the body as a whole.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Degradation of energy</col>, &or; <col>Dissipation of energy</col></mcol> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the transformation of energy into some form in which it is less available for doing work.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Abasement; debasement; reduction; decline.</syn>

<h1>Degrade</h1>
<Xpage=383>

<hw>De*grade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Degraded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Degrading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82grader</ets>, LL. <ets>degradare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>gradus</ets> step, degree. See <er>Grade</er>, and cf. <er>Degree</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce from a higher to a lower rank or degree; to lower in rank' to deprive of office or dignity; to strip of honors; <as>as, to <ex>degrade</ex> a nobleman, or a general officer</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Prynne was sentenced by the Star Chamber Court to be <b>degraded</b> from the bar.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reduce in estimation, character, or reputation; to lessen the value of; to lower the physical, moral, or intellectual character of; to debase; to bring shame or contempt upon; to disgrace; <as>as, vice <ex>degrades</ex> a man</as>.</def>

<blockquote>O miserable mankind, to what fall
<b>Degraded</b>, to what wretched state reserved!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He pride . . . struggled hard against this <b>degrading</b> passion.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>To reduce in altitude or magnitude, as hills and mountains; to wear down.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To abase; demean; lower; reduce. See <er>Abase</er>.</syn>

<h1>Degrade</h1>
<Xpage=383>

<hw>De*grade"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To degenerate; to pass from a higher to a lower type of structure; <as>as, a family of plants or animals <ex>degrades</ex> through this or that genus or group of genera</as>.</def>

<h1>Degraded</h1>
<Xpage=383>

<hw>De*grad"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Reduced in rank, character, or reputation; debased; sunken; low; base.</def>

<blockquote>The Netherlands . . . were reduced practically to a very <b>degraded</b> condition.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having the typical characters or organs in a partially developed condition, or lacking certain parts.</def>

<blockquote>Some families of plants are <b>degraded</b> dicotyledons.
<i>Dana.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>degr\'82</ets> step.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having steps; -- said of a cross each of whose extremities finishes in steps growing larger as they leave the center; -- termed also <i>on degrees</i>.</def>

<h1>Degradement</h1>
<Xpage=383>

<hw>De*grade"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Deprivation of rank or office; degradation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Degradingly</h1>
<Xpage=383>

<hw>De*grad"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a degrading manner.</def>

<h1>Degravation</h1>
<Xpage=383>

<hw>Deg`ra*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>degravare</ets>, <ets>degravatum</ets>, to make heavy. See <er>Grave</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The act of making heavy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Degree</h1>
<Xpage=383>

<hw>De*gree"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>degr\'82</ets>, OF. <ets>degret</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>degradare</ets>. See <er>Degrade</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A step, stair, or staircase.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>By ladders, or else by <b>degree</b>.
<i>Rom. of R.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of a series of progressive steps upward or downward, in quality, rank, acquirement, and the like; a stage in progression; grade; gradation; <as>as, <ex>degrees</ex> of vice and virtue; to advance by slow <ex>degrees</ex>; <ex>degree</ex> of comparison.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The point or step of progression to which a person has arrived; rank or station in life; position.</def> "A dame of high <i>degree</i>." <i>Dryden</i>. "A knight is your <i>degree</i>." <i>Shak</i>.  "Lord or lady of high <i>degree</i>."

<i>Lowell.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Measure of advancement; quality; extent; <as>as, tastes differ in kind as well as in <ex>degree</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>degree</b> of excellence which proclaims genius, is different in different times and different places.
<i>Sir. J. Reynolds.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Grade or rank to which scholars are admitted by a college or university, in recognition of their attainments; <as>as, the <ex>degree</ex> of bachelor of arts, master, doctor, etc.</as></def>

<note>&hand; In the United States diplomas are usually given as the evidence of a degree conferred. In the humanities the first degree is that of <i>bachelor of arts</i> (B. A. or A. B.); the second that of <i>master of arts</i> (M. A. or A. M.). The degree of <i>bachelor</i> (<i>of arts</i>, <i>science</i>, <i>divinity</i>, <i>law</i>, etc.) is conferred upon those who complete a prescribed course of undergraduate study. The first degree in medicine is that of <i>doctor of medicine</i> (M. D.). The degrees of <i>master</i> and <i>doctor</i> are sometimes conferred, in course, upon those who have completed certain prescribed postgraduate studies, as <i>doctor of philosophy</i> (Ph. D.); but more frequently the degree of <i>doctor</i> is conferred as a complimentary recognition of eminent services in science or letters, or for public services or distinction (as <i>doctor of laws</i> (LL. D.) or <i>doctor of divinity</i> (D. D.), when they are called <i>honorary degrees</i>.</note>
<-- by 1960 the Ph. D. was more common than the honorary degree. -->

<blockquote>The youth attained his bachelor's <b>degree</b>, and left the university.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Genealogy)</fld> <def>A certain distance or remove in the line of descent, determining the proximity of blood; one remove in the chain of relationship; <as>as, a relation in the third or fourth <ex>degree</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>In the 11th century an opinion began to gain ground in Italy, that third cousins might marry, being in the seventh <b>degree</b> according to the civil law.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="384">
Page 384<p>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>Three figures taken together in numeration; thus, 140 is one <i>degree</i>, 222,140 two <i>degrees</i>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Algebra)</fld> <def>State as indicated by sum of exponents; more particularly, the degree of a term is indicated by the sum of the exponents of its literal factors; thus, <mathex>a<exp>2</exp>b<exp>2</exp>c</mathex> is a term of the sixth <i>degree</i>. The <i>degree</i> of a power, or radical, is denoted by its index, that of an equation by the greatest sum of the exponents of the unknown quantities in any term; thus, <mathex>ax<exp>4</exp> + bx<exp>2</exp> = c</mathex>, and <mathex>mx<exp>2</exp>y<exp>2</exp> + nyx = p</mathex>, are both equations of the fourth <i>degree</i>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Trig.)</fld> <def>A 360th part of the circumference of a circle, which part is taken as the principal unit of measure for arcs and angles. The degree is divided into 60 minutes and the minute into 60 seconds.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>A division, space, or interval, marked on a mathematical or other instrument, as on a thermometer.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A line or space of the staff.</def>

<note>&hand; The short lines and their spaces are <i>added degrees</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Accumulation of degrees</col>. <fld>(Eng. Univ.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Accumulation</er>.</cd> -- <col>By degrees</col>, <cd>step by step; by little and little; by moderate advances.</cd>  "I 'll leave <i>by degrees<i>." <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>Degree of a curve &or; surface</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the number which expresses the degree of the equation of the curve or surface in rectilinear co\'94rdinates. A straight line will, in general, meet the curve or surface in a number of points equal to the degree of the curve or surface and no more.</cd> -- <col>Degree of latitude</col> <fld>(Geog.)</fld>, <cd>on the earth, the distance on a meridian between two parallels of latitude whose latitudes differ from each other by one degree. This distance is not the same on different parts of a meridian, on account of the flattened figure of the earth, being 68.702 statute miles at the equator, and 69.396 at the poles.</cd> -- <col>Degree of longitude</col>, <cd>the distance on a parallel of latitude between two meridians that make an angle of one degree with each other at the poles -- a distance which varies as the cosine of the latitude, being at the equator 69.16 statute miles.</cd> -- <col>To a degree</col>, <cd>to an extreme; exceedingly; <as>as, mendacious <ex>to a degree<ex></as>.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>It has been said that Scotsmen . . . are . . . grave <b>to a degree</b> on occasions when races more favored by nature are gladsome to excess.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Degu</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De"gu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small South American rodent (<spn>Octodon Cumingii</spn>), of the family <spn>Octodontid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Degust</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*gust"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>degustare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82guster</ets>. See <er>Gust</er> to taste.]</ety> <def>To taste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Degustation</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>Deg`us*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>degustatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82gustation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Tasting; the appreciation of sapid qualities by the taste organs.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Dehisce</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*hisce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dehiscere</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>hiscere</ets> to gape.]</ety> <def>To gape; to open by dehiscence.</def>

<h1>Dehiscence</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*his"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82hiscence</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of gaping.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A gaping or bursting open along a definite line of attachment or suture, without tearing, as in the opening of pods, or the bursting of capsules at maturity so as to emit seeds, etc.; also, the bursting open of follicles, as in the ovaries of animals, for the expulsion of their contents.</def>

<h1>Dehiscent</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*his"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dehiscens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. Cf. F. <ets>d\'82hiscent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by dehiscence; opening in some definite way, as the capsule of a plant.</def>

<h1>Dehonestate</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De`ho*nes"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dehonestatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dehonestare</ets> to dishonor; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>honestare</ets> to make honorable. Cf. <er>Dishonest</er>, and see <er>Honest</er>.]</ety> <def>To disparage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dehonestation</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*hon`es*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dehonestatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dishonoring; disgracing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gauden.</i>

<h1>Dehorn</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*horn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dehorned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dehorning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deprive of horns; to prevent the growth or the horns of (cattle) by burning their ends soon after they start. See <er>Dishorn</er>.</def> "<i>Dehorning</i> cattle."

<i>Farm Journal (1886).</i>

<h1>Dehors</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*hors"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[F., outside.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Out of; without; foreign to; out of the agreement, record, will, or other instrument.</def>

<h1>Dehors</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*hors"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>All sorts of outworks in general, at a distance from the main works; any advanced works for protection or cover.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Dehort</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*hort"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dehorted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dehorting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dehortari</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>hortari</ets> to urge, exhort.]</ety> <def>To urge to abstain or refrain; to dissuade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The apostles vehemently <b>dehort</b> us from unbelief.
<i>Bp. Ward.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>"Exhort" remains, but <b>dehort</b>, a word whose place neither "dissuade" nor any other exactly supplies, has escaped us.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dehortation</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De`hor*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dehortatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Dissuasion; advice against something.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dehortative</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*hort"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dissuasive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dehortatory</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*hort"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dehortatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fitted or designed to dehort or dissuade.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Dehorter</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*hort"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dissuader; an adviser to the contrary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dehumanize</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*hu"man*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To divest of human qualities, such as pity, tenderness, etc.; <as>as, <ex>dehumanizing</ex> influences</as>.</def>

<h1>Dehusk</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*husk"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To remove the husk from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Wheat <i>dehusked</i> upon the floor."

<i>Drant.</i>

<h1>Dehydrate</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*hy"drate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To deprive of water; to render free from water; <as>as, to <ex>dehydrate</ex> alcohol</as>.</def>

<h1>Dehydration</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De`hy*dra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process of freeing from water; also, the condition of a body from which the water has been removed.</def>

<h1>Dehydrogenate</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*hy"dro*gen*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To deprive of, or free from, hydrogen.</def>

<h1>Dehydrogenation</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*hy`dro*gen*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process or freeing from hydrogen; also, the condition resulting from the removal of hydrogen.</def>

<h1>Deicide</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De"i*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deicida</ets> a deicide (in sense 2); <ets>deus</ets> god + <ets>c\'91dere</ets> to cut, kill: cf. F. <ets>d\'82icide</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of killing a being of a divine nature; particularly, the putting to death of Jesus Christ.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Earth profaned, yet blessed, with <b>deicide</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One concerned in putting Christ to death.</def>

<h1>Deictic</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>Deic"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ serving to show or point out, fr. <?/ to show.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Direct; proving directly; -- applied to reasoning, and opposed to <i>elenchtic</i> or refutative.</def>

<h1>Deictically</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>Deic"tic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner to show or point out; directly; absolutely; definitely.</def>

<blockquote>When Christ spake it <b>deictically</b>.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deific, Deifical</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw><hw>De*if"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>De*if"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deificus</ets>; <ets>deus</ets> god + <ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F. <ets>d\'82ifigue</ets>.]</ety> <def>Making divine; producing a likeness to God; god-making.</def> "A <i>deifical</i> communion."

<i>Homilies.</i>

<h1>Deification</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>deificare</ets> to deify: cf. F. <ets>d\'82ification</ets>. See <er>Deify</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of deifying; exaltation to divine honors; apotheosis; excessive praise.</def>

<h1>Deified</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De"i*fied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Honored or worshiped as a deity; treated with supreme regard; godlike.</def>

<h1>Deifier</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De"i*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who deifies.</def>

<h1>Deiform</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deus</ets> a god + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Godlike, or of a godlike form.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conformable to the will of God.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Deiformity</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De`i*for"mi*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Likeness to deity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Deify</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82ifier</ets>, LL. <ets>deificare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>deificus</ets>. See <er>Deific</er>, <er>Deity</er>, <er>-fy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a god of; to exalt to the rank of a deity; to enroll among the deities; to apotheosize; <as>as, Julius C\'91sar was <ex>deified</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To praise or revere as a deity; to treat as an object of supreme regard; <as>as, to <ex>deify</ex> money</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He did again to extol and <b>deify</b> the pope.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To render godlike.</def>

<blockquote>By our own spirits are we <b>deified</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deign</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>Deign</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deigned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deigning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>deinen</ets>, <ets>deignen</ets>, OF. <ets>degner</ets>, <ets>deigner</ets>, <ets>daigner</ets>, F. <ets>daigner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dignari</ets> to deem worthy, deign, fr. <ets>dignus</ets> worthy; akin to <ets>decere</ets> to be fitting. See <er>Decent</er>, and cf. <er>Dainty</er>, <er>Dignity</er>, <er>Condign</er>, <er>Disdain</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To esteem worthy; to consider worth notice; -- opposed to <i>disdain</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I fear my Julia would not <b>deign</b> my lines.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To condescend to give or bestow; to stoop to furnish; to vouchsafe; to allow; to grant.</def>

<blockquote>Nor would we <b>deign</b> him burial of his men.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deign</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>Deign</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To think worthy; to vouchsafe; to condescend; -- followed by an infinitive.</def>

<blockquote>O <b>deign</b> to visit our forsaken seats.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Yet not Lord Cranstone <b>deigned</b> she greet.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Round turned he, as not <b>deigning</b>
Those craven ranks to see.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>In early English <i>deign</i> was often used impersonally.</note>

<blockquote>Him <b>deyneth</b> not to set his foot to ground.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deignous</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>Deign"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>disdeignous</ets>, OF. <ets>desdeignos</ets>, <ets>desdaigneus</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82daigneux</ets>. See <er>Disdain</er>.]</ety> <def>Haughty; disdainful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Deil</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>Deil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Devil; -- spelt also <i>deel</i>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<cs><col>Deil's buckie</col>. <cd>See under <er>Buckie</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Deinoceras</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>Dei*noc"e*ras</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dinoceras</er>.</def>

<h1>Deinornis</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>Dei*nor"nis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dinornis</er>.</def>

<h1>Deinosaur</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>Dei"no*saur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dinosaur</er>.</def>

<h1>Deinotherium</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>Dei`no*the"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dinotherium</er>.</def>

<h1>Deintegrate</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*in"te*grate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deintegrare</ets> to impair; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>integrare</ets> to make whole.]</ety> <def>To disintegrate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Deinteous, Deintevous</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw><hw>Dein"te*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dein"te*vous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rare; excellent; costly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Deiparous</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*ip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deus</ets> a god + <ets>parere</ets> to bring forth.]</ety> <def>Bearing or bringing forth a god; -- said of the Virgin Mary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Deipnosophist</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>Deip*nos"o*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ a meal + <?/ a wise man, sophist.]</ety> <def>One of an ancient sect of philosophers, who cultivated learned conversation at meals.</def>

<h1>Deis</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Dais</er>.</def>

<h1>Deism</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deus</ets> god: cf. F. <ets>d\'82isme</ets>. See <er>Deity</er>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine or creed of a deist; the belief or system of those who acknowledge the existence of one God, but deny revelation.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Deism</i> is the belief in natural religion only, or those truths, in doctrine and practice, which man is to discover by the light of reason, independent of any revelation from God. Hence, <i>deism</i> implies <i>infidelity</i>, or a disbelief in the divine origin of the Scriptures.</note>

<h1>Deist</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De"ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deus</ets> god: cf. F. <ets>d\'82iste</ets>. See <er>Deity</er>.]</ety> <def>One who believes in the existence of a God, but denies revealed religion; a freethinker.</def>

<note>&hand; A <i>deist</i>, as denying a revelation, is opposed to a Christian; as, opposed to the denier of a God, whether <i>atheist</i> or <i>patheist</i>, a <i>deist</i> is generally denominated <i>theist</i>.</note>

<i>Latham.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Infidel</er>.</syn>

<h1>Deistic, Deistical</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw><hw>De*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>De*is"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, savoring of, or consisting in, deism; <as>as, a <ex>deistic</ex> writer; a <ex>deistical</ex> book.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>deistical</b> or antichristian scheme.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deistically</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*is"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>After the manner of deists.</def>

<h1>Deisticalness</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*is"tic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being deistical.</def>

<h1>Deitate</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deified.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Granmer.</i>

<h1>Deity</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Deities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>deite</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82it\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>deitas</ets>, fr. <ets>deus</ets> a god; akin to <ets>divus</ets> divine, <ets>Jupiter</ets>, gen. <ets>Jovis</ets>, Jupiter, <ets>dies</ets> day, Gr. <?/  divine, <?/, gen. <?/<?/<?/, Zeus, Skr. <ets>d<?/va</ets> divine, as a noun, god, <ets>daiva</ets> divine, <ets>dy<?/</ets> sky, day, hence, the sky personified as a god, and to the first syllable of E. <ets>Tues</ets>day, Gael. & Ir. <ets>dia</ets> God, W. <ets>duw</ets>. Cf. <er>Divine</er>, <er>Journey</er>, <er>Journal</er>, <er>Tuesday</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The collection of attributes which make up the nature of a god; divinity; godhead; <as>as, the <ex>deity</ex> of the Supreme Being is seen in his works</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They declared with emphasis the perfect <b>deity</b> and the perfect manhood of Christ.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A god or goddess; a heathen god.</def>

<blockquote>To worship calves, the <b>deities</b>
<blockquote>Of Egypt.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The Deity</col>, <cd>God, the Supreme Being.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>This great poet and philosopher [Simonides], the more he contemplated the nature of <b>the Deity</b>, found that he waded but the more out of his depth.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deject</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*ject"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dejected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dejecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dejectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dejicere</ets> to throw down; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>jacere</ets> to throw. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting forth.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cast down.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Christ <b>dejected</b> himself even unto the hells.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sometimes she <b>dejects</b> her eyes in a seeming civility; and many mistake in her a cunning for a modest look.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cast down the spirits of; to dispirit; to discourage; to dishearten.</def>

<blockquote>Nor think, to die <b>dejects</b> my lofty mind.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deject</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*ject"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dejectus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Dejected.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dejecta</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*jec"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., neut. pl. from L. <ets>dejectus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Excrements; <as>as, the <ex>dejecta</ex> of the sick</as>.</def>

<h1>Dejected</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*ject"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cast down; afflicted; low-spirited; sad; <as>as, a <ex>dejected</ex> look or countenance</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*ject"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>De*ject"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dejecter</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*ject"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who casts down, or dejects.</def>

<h1>Dejection</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*jec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dejectio</ets> a casting down: cf. F. <ets>d\'82jection</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A casting down; depression.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<i>Hallywell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of humbling or abasing one's self.</def>

<blockquote>Adoration implies submission and <b>dejection</b>.
<i>Bp. Pearson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lowness of spirits occasioned by grief or misfortune; mental depression; melancholy.</def>

<blockquote>What besides,
Of sorrow, and <b>dejection</b>, and despair,
Our frailty can sustain, thy tidings bring.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A low condition; weakness; inability.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>dejection</b> of appetite.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The discharge of excrement.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>F\'91ces; excrement.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Dejectly</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*ject"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Dejectedly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dejectory</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*jec"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dejector</ets> a dejecter.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having power, or tending, to cast down.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Promoting evacuations by stool.</def>

<i>Ferrand.</i>

<h1>Dejecture</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*jec"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is voided; excrements.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Dejerate</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>Dej"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dejeratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dejerare</ets> to swear; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>jurare</ets> to swear.]</ety> <def>To swear solemnly; to take an oath.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Dejeration</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>Dej`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dejeratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of swearing solemnly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>D\'82jeun\'82</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>D\'82`jeu`n\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A d\'82jeuner.</def>

<blockquote>Take a <b>d\'82jeun\'82</b> of muskadel and eggs.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>D\'82jeuner</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>D\'82`jeu`ner"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82jeuner</ets> breakfast, as a verb, to breakfast. Cf. <er>Dinner</er>.]</ety> <def>A breakfast; sometimes, also, a lunch or collation.</def>

<h1>De jure</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De` ju"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>By right; of right; by law; -- often opposed to <i>be facto</i>.</def>

<h1>Deka-</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>Dek"a-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Metric System)</fld> <def>A prefix signifying <i>ten</i>. See <er>Deca-</er>.</def>

<h1>Dekagram</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>Dek"a*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Decagram</er>.</def>

<h1>Dekaliter</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>Dek"a*li`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Decaliter</er>.</def>

<h1>Dekameter</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>Dek"a*me`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Decameter</er>.</def>

<h1>Dekastere</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>Dek"a*stere`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Decastere</er>.</def>

<h1>Dekle</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paper Making)</fld> <def>See <er>Deckle</er>.</def>

<h1>Del</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>Del</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Deal</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Share; portion; part.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Delaceration</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*lac`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delacerare</ets>, <ets>delaceratum</ets>, to tear in pieces. See <er>Lacerate</er>.]</ety> <def>A tearing in pieces.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Delacrymation</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*lac`ry*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delacrimatio</ets>, fr. <ets>delacrimare</ets> to weep. See <er>Lachrymation</er>.]</ety> <def>An involuntary discharge of watery humors from the eyes; wateriness of the eyes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Delactation</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De`lac*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> + L. <ets>lactare</ets> to suck milk, from <ets>lac</ets> milk.]</ety> <def>The act of weaning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Delaine</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*laine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <ets>Muslin delaine</ets>, under <er>Muslin</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of fabric for women's dresses.</def>

<h1>Delamination</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*lam`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Formation and separation of lamin\'91 or layers; one of the methods by which the various blastodermic layers of the ovum are differentiated.</def>

<note>&hand; This process consists of a concentric splitting of the cells of the blastosphere into an outer layer (epiblast) and an inner layer (hypoblast). By the perforation of the resultant two-walled vesicle, a gastrula results similar to that formed by the process of invagination.</note>

<h1>Delapsation</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De`lap*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Delapsion</er>.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Delapse</h1>
<Xpage=384>

<hw>De*lapse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Delapsed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Delapsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>delapsus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>delabi</ets> to fall down; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>labi</ets> to fall or side.]</ety> <def>To pass down by inheritance; to lapse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Which Anne derived alone the right, before all other,
Of the <b>delapsed</b> crown from Philip.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="385">
Page 385<p>

<h1>Delapsion</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*lap"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A falling down, or out of place; prolapsion.</def>

<h1>Delassation</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De`las*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delassare</ets>, <ets>delassatum</ets>, to tire out; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>lassare</ets> to tire.]</ety> <def>Fatigue.</def>

<blockquote>Able to continue without <b>delassation</b>.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Delate</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*late"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Delated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Delating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>delatus</ets>, used as p. p. of <ets>deferre</ets>. See <er>Tolerate</er>, and cf. 3d <er>Defer</er>, <er>Delay</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To carry; to convey.</def>

<blockquote>Try exactly the time wherein sound is <b>delated</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To carry abroad; to spread; to make public.</def>

<blockquote>When the crime is <b>delated</b> or notorious.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To carry or bring against, as a charge; to inform against; to accuse; to denounce.</def>

<blockquote>As men were <b>delated</b>, they were marked down for such a fine.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To carry on; to conduct.</def>

<i>Warner.</i>

<h1>Delate</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*late"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To dilate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Goodwin.</i>

<h1>Delation</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delatio</ets> accusation: cf. F. <ets>d\'82lation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Conveyance.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>In <b>delation</b> of sounds, the inclosure of them preserveth them.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Accusation by an informer.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Delator</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*la"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>An accuser; an informer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Delaware</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del"a*ware</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American grape, with compact bunches of small, amber-colored berries, sweet and of a good flavor.</def>

<h1>Delawares</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del"a*wares</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Delaware</singw>.</sing> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the valley of the Delaware River, but now mostly located in the Indian Territory.</def>

<h1>Delay</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*lay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Delays</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82lai</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>deleer</ets> to delay, or fr. L. <ets>dilatum</ets>, which, though really from a different root, is used in Latin only as a p. p. neut. of <ets>differre</ets> to carry apart, defer, delay. See <er>Tolerate</er>, and cf. <er>Differ</er>, <er>Delay</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>A putting off or deferring; procrastination; lingering inactivity; stop; detention; hindrance.</def>

<blockquote>Without any <b>delay</b>, on the morrow I sat on the judgment seat.
<i>Acts xxv. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The government ought to be settled without the <b>delay</b> of a day.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Delay</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*lay"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Delayed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Delaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>deleer</ets>, <ets>delaier</ets>, fr. the noun <ets>d\'82lai</ets>, or directly fr. L. <ets>dilatare</ets> to enlarge, dilate, in LL., to put off. See <er>Delay</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Delate</er>, 1st <er>Defer</er>, <er>Dilate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To put off; to defer; to procrastinate; to prolong the time of or before.</def>

<blockquote>My lord <b>delayeth</b> his coming.
<i>Matt. xxiv. 48.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To retard; to stop, detain, or hinder, for a time; to retard the motion, or time of arrival, of; <as>as, the mail is <ex>delayed</ex> by a heavy fall of snow</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thyrsis! whose artful strains have oft <b>delayed</b>
The huddling brook to hear his madrigal.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To allay; to temper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The watery showers <b>delay</b> the raging wind.
<i>Surrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Delay</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*lay"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To move slowly; to stop for a time; to linger; to tarry.</def>

<blockquote>There seem to be certain bounds to the quickness and slowness of the succession of those ideas, . . . beyond which they can neither <b>delay</b> nor hasten.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Delayer</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*lay"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who delays; one who lingers.</def>

<h1>Delayingly</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*lay"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By delays.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Delayment</h1>
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<hw>De*lay"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hindrance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Del credere</h1>
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<hw>Del` cred"er*e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[It., of belief or trust.]</ety> <fld>(Mercantile Law)</fld> <def>An agreement by which an agent or factor, in consideration of an additional premium or commission (called a <i>del credere</i> commission), engages, when he sells goods on credit, to insure, warrant, or guarantee to his principal the solvency of the purchaser, the engagement of the factor being to pay the debt himself if it is not punctually discharged by the buyer when it becomes due.</def>

<h1>Dele</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imperative sing.</tt> <mord>of L. <i>delere</i> to destroy</mord>. <ety>[Cf. <er>Delete</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Erase; remove; -- a direction to cancel something which has been put in type; usually expressed by a peculiar form of <i>d</i>, thus: &dele;.</def>

<h1>Dele</h1>
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<hw>De"le</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deleing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From the preceding word.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To erase; to cancel; to delete; to mark for omission.</def>

<h1>Dele</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Dele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Deal</er>.]</ety> <def>To deal; to divide; to distribute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Deleble</h1>
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<hw>Del"e*ble</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delebilis</ets>. See 1st <er>Dele</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being blotted out or erased.</def> "An impression easily <i>deleble</i>."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Delectable</h1>
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<hw>De*lec"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>delitable</ets>, OF. <ets>delitable</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82lectable</ets>, fr. L. <ets>delectabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>delectare</ets> to delight. See <er>Delight</er>.]</ety> <def>Highly pleasing; delightful.</def>

<blockquote><b>Delectable</b> both to behold and taste.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>De*lec"ta*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>De*lec"ta*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Delectate</h1>
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<hw>De*lec"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delectatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>delectare</ets>. See <er>Delight</er>.]</ety> <def>To delight; to charm.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Delectation</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De`lec*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delectatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82lectation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Great pleasure; delight.</def>

<h1>Delectus</h1>
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<hw>De*lec"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., selection, from <ets>deligere</ets>, <ets>delectum</ets>, to select.]</ety> <def>A name given to an elementary book for learners of Latin or Greek.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Delegacy</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del`e*ga*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Delegate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of delegating, or state of being delegated; deputed power.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>By way of <b>delegacy</b> or grand commission.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A body of delegates or commissioners; a delegation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Delegate</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del"e*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delegatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>delegare</ets> to send, delegate; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>legare</ets> to send with a commission, to depute. See <er>Legate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any one sent and empowered to act for another; one deputed to represent; a chosen deputy; a representative; a commissioner; a vicar.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One elected by the people of a territory to represent them in Congress, where he has the right of debating, but not of voting</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One sent by any constituency to act as its representative in a convention; <as>as, a <ex>delegate</ex> to a convention for nominating officers, or for forming or altering a constitution</as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Court of delegates</col>, <cd>formerly, the great court of appeal from the archbishops' courts and also from the court of admiralty. It is now abolished, and the privy council is the immediate court of appeal in such cases. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Delegate</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del"e*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delegatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Sent to act for a represent another; deputed; <as>as, a <ex>delegate</ex> judge</as>.</def> "<i>Delegate</i> power."

<i>Strype.</i>

<h1>Delegate</h1>
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<hw>Del"e*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Delegated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Delegating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To send as one's representative; to empower as an ambassador; to send with power to transact business; to commission; to depute; to authorize.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To intrust to the care or management of another; to transfer; to assign; to commit.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>delegated</b> administration of the law.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Delegated</b> executive power.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The power exercised by the legislature is the people's power, <b>delegated</b> by the people to the legislative.
<i>J. B. Finch.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Delegation</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del`e*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delegatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82l\'82gation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of delegating, or investing with authority to act for another; the appointment of a delegate or delegates.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One or more persons appointed or chosen, and commissioned to represent others, as in a convention, in Congress, etc.; the collective body of delegates; <as>as, the <ex>delegation</ex> from Massachusetts</as>; a deputation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Rom. Law)</fld> <def>A kind of novation by which a debtor, to be liberated from his creditor, gives him a third person, who becomes obliged in his stead to the creditor, or to the person appointed by him.</def>

<i>Pothier.</i>

<h1>Delegatory</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del"e*ga*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delegatorius</ets> pert. to an assignment.]</ety> <def>Holding a delegated position.</def>

<i>Nash.</i>

<h1>Delenda</h1>
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<hw>De*len"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>delere</ets> to destroy.]</ety> <def>Things to be erased or blotted out.</def>

<h1>Delenifical</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del`e*nif"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delenificus</ets>; <ets>delenire</ets> to soothe + <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Lenient</er>.]</ety> <def>Assuaging pain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Delete</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*lete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deleted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deleting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>deletus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>delere</ets> to destroy. Cf. 1st <er>Dele</er>.]</ety> <def>To blot out; to erase; to expunge; to dele; to omit.</def>

<blockquote>I have, therefore, . . . inserted eleven stanzas which do not appear in Sir Walter Scott's version, and have <b>deleted</b> eight.
<i>Aytoun.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deleterious</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del`e*te"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>deleterius</ets> noxious, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to hurt, damage; prob. akin to L. <ets>delere</ets> to destroy.]</ety> <def>Hurtful; noxious; destructive; pernicious; <as>as, a <ex>deleterious</ex> plant or quality; a <ex>deleterious</ex> example.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Del`e*te"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Del`e*te"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Deletery</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del"e*ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>deleterius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82l\'82t\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Destructive; poisonous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Deletery</i> medicines."

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Deletery</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del"e*ter*y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which destroys.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They [the Scriptures] are the only <b>deletery</b> of heresies.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deletion</h1>
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<hw>De*le"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deletio</ets>, fr. <ets>delere</ets>. See <er>Delete</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of deleting, blotting out, or erasing; destruction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>A total <b>deletion</b> of every person of the opposing party.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deletitious</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del`e*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deleticius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of such a nature that anything may be erased from it; -- said of paper.</def>

<h1>Deletive</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del"e*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adapted to destroy or obliterate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Deletory</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del"e*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Delete</er>.]</ety> <def>That which blots out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>deletory</i> of sin."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Delf</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Delf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>delf</ets> a delving, digging. See <er>Delve</er>.]</ety> <def>A mine; a quarry; a pit dug; a ditch.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>delft</asp>, and <asp>delve</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>delfts</b> would be so flown with waters, that no gins or machines could . . . keep them dry.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Delf</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Delf</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Delftware</er>.</def>

<h1>Delft</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Delft</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Delftware</er>.</def>

<h1>Delftware</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Delft"ware`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Pottery made at the city of <ets>Delft</ets> in Holland; hence:</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Earthenware made in imitation of the above; any glazed earthenware made for table use, and the like.</def>

<h1>Delibate</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del"i*bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delibatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>delibare</ets> to taste; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>libare</ets> to taste.]</ety> <def>To taste; to take a sip of; to dabble in.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Delibation</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del`i*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delibatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82libation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of tasting; a slight trial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<h1>Deliber</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del"i*ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To deliberate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Deliberate</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*lib"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deliberatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deliberare</ets> to deliberate; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>librare</ets> to weigh. See <er>Librate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Weighing facts and arguments with a view a choice or decision; carefully considering the probable consequences of a step; circumspect; slow in determining; -- applied to persons; <as>as, a <ex>deliberate</ex> judge or counselor</as>.</def> "These <i>deliberate</i> fools."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formed with deliberation; well-advised; carefully considered; not sudden or rash; <as>as, a <ex>deliberate</ex> opinion; a <ex>deliberate</ex> measure or result.</as></def>

<blockquote>Settled visage and <b>deliberate</b> word.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not hasty or sudden; slow.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<blockquote>His enunciation was so <b>deliberate</b>.
<i>W. Wirt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deliberate</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*lib"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deliberated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deliberating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To weigh in the mind; to consider the reasons for and against; to consider maturely; to reflect upon; to ponder; <as>as, to <ex>deliberate</ex> a question</as>.</def>

<h1>Deliberate</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*lib"er*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take counsel with one's self; to weigh the arguments for and against a proposed course of action; to reflect; to consider; to hesitate in deciding; -- sometimes with <i>on</i>, <i>upon</i>, <i>concerning</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The woman the <b>deliberation</b> is lost.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deliberately</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*lib"er*ate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With careful consideration, or deliberation; circumspectly; warily; not hastily or rashly; slowly; <as>as, a purpose <ex>deliberately</ex> formed</as>.</def>

<h1>Deliberateness</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*lib"er*ate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being deliberate; calm consideration; circumspection.</def>

<h1>Deliberation</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*lib`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deliberatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82lib\'82ration</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure; careful consideration; mature reflection.</def>

<blockquote>Choosing the fairest way with a calm <b>deliberation</b>.
<i>W. Montagu.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure; <as>as, the <ex>deliberations</ex> of a legislative body or council</as>.</def>

<h1>Deliberative</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*lib"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deliberativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82lib\'82ratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to deliberation; proceeding or acting by deliberation, or by discussion and examination; deliberating; <as>as, a <ex>deliberative</ex> body</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A consummate work of <b>deliberative</b> wisdom.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The court of jurisdiction is to be distinguished from the <b>deliberative</b> body, the advisers of the crown.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deliberative</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*lib"er*a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A discourse in which a question is discussed, or weighed and examined.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of rhetoric employed in proving a thing and convincing others of its truth, in order to persuade them to adopt it.</def>

<h1>Deliberatively</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*lib"er*a*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a deliberative manner; circumspectly; considerately.</def>

<h1>Deliberator</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>De*lib"er*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who deliberates.</def>

<h1>Delibrate</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del"i*brate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Delibrated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Delibrating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>delibratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>delibrare</ets> to delibrate; <ets>de</ets> from + <ets>liber</ets> bark.]</ety> <def>To strip off the bark; to peel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Delibration</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del`i*bra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of stripping off the bark.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Delicacy</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del"i*ca*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Delicacies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>.  <ety>[From <er>Delicate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or condition of being delicate; agreeableness to the senses; delightfulness; <as>as, <ex>delicacy</ex> of flavor, of odor, and the like</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What choice to choose for <b>delicacy</b> best.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Nicety or fineness of form, texture, or constitution; softness; elegance; smoothness; tenderness; and hence, frailty or weakness; <as>as, the <ex>delicacy</ex> of a fiber or a thread; <ex>delicacy</ex> of a hand or of the human form; <ex>delicacy</ex> of the skin; <ex>delicacy</ex> of frame.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Nice propriety of manners or conduct; susceptibility or tenderness of feeling; refinement; fastidiousness; and hence, in an exaggerated sense, effeminacy; <as>as, great <ex>delicacy</ex> of behavior; <ex>delicacy</ex> in doing a kindness; <ex>delicacy</ex> of character that unfits for earnest action.</as></def>

<blockquote>You know your mother's <b>delicacy</b> in this point.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Addiction to pleasure; luxury; daintiness; indulgence; luxurious or voluptuous treatment.</def>

<blockquote>And to those dainty limbs which Nature lent
For gentle usage and soft <b>delicacy</b>?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Nice and refined perception and discrimination; critical niceness; fastidious accuracy.</def>

<blockquote>That Augustan <b>delicacy</b> of taste which is the boast of the great public schools of England.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The state of being affected by slight causes; sensitiveness; <as>as, the <ex>delicacy</ex> of a chemist's balance</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>That which is alluring, delicate, or refined; a luxury or pleasure; something pleasant to the senses, especially to the sense of taste; a dainty; <as>as, <ex>delicacies</ex> of the table</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the abundance of her <b>delicacies</b>.
<i>Rev. xviii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Pleasure; gratification; delight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He Rome brent for his <b>delicacie</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Dainty</er>.</syn>

<h1>Delicate</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delicatus</ets> pleasing the senses, voluptuous, soft and tender; akin to <ets>deliciae</ets> delight: cf. F. <ets>d\'82licat</ets>. See <er>Delight</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Addicted to pleasure; luxurious; voluptuous; alluring.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Dives, for his <b>delicate</b> life, to the devil went.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Haarlem is a very <b>delicate</b> town.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pleasing to the senses; refinedly; hence, adapted to please a nice or cultivated taste; nice; fine; elegant; <as>as, a <ex>delicate</ex> dish; <ex>delicate</ex> flavor.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Slight and shapely; lovely; graceful; <as>as, "a <ex>delicate</ex> creature</as>."</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fine or slender; minute; not coarse; -- said of a thread, or the like; <as>as, <ex>delicate</ex> cotton</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Slight or smooth; light and yielding; -- said of texture; <as>as, <ex>delicate</ex> lace or silk</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Soft and fair; -- said of the skin or a surface; <as>as, a <ex>delicate</ex> cheek; a <ex>delicate</ex> complexion.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Light, or softly tinted; -- said of a color; as; <as>as, a <ex>delicate</ex> blue</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Refined; gentle; scrupulous not to trespass or offend; considerate; -- said of manners, conduct, or feelings; <as>as, <ex>delicate</ex> behavior; <ex>delicate</ex> attentions; <ex>delicate</ex> thoughtfulness.</as></def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Tender; not able to endure hardship; feeble; frail; effeminate; -- said of constitution, health, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>delicate</ex> child; <ex>delicate</ex> health.</as></def>

<blockquote>A <b>delicate</b> and tender prince.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Requiring careful handling; not to be rudely or hastily dealt with; nice; critical; <as>as, a <ex>delicate</ex> subject or question</as>.</def>

<blockquote>There are some things too <b>delicate</b> and too sacred to be handled rudely without injury to truth.
<i>F. W. Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Of exacting tastes and habits; dainty; fastidious.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>Nicely discriminating or perceptive; refinedly critical; sensitive; exquisite; <as>as, a <ex>delicate</ex> taste; a <ex>delicate</ex> ear for music.</as></def>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>Affected by slight causes; showing slight changes; <as>as, a <ex>delicate</ex> thermometer</as>.</def>

<h1>Delicate</h1>
<Xpage=385>

<hw>Del"i*cate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A choice dainty; a delicacy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>With abstinence all <b>delicates</b> he sees.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="386">
Page 386<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A delicate, luxurious, or effeminate person.</def>

<blockquote>All the vessels, then, which our <b>delicates</b> have, -- those I mean that would seem to be more fine in their houses than their neighbors, -- are only of the Corinth metal.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Delicately</h1>
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<hw>Del"i*cate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a delicate manner.</def>

<h1>Delicateness</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>Del"i*cate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being delicate.</def>

<h1>Delices</h1>
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<hw>Del"i*ces</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82lices</ets>, fr. L. <ets>deliciae</ets>.]</ety> <def>Delicacies; delights.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Dainty <i>delices</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Deliciate</h1>
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<hw>De*li"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To delight one's self; to indulge in feasting; to revel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Delicious</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*li"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>delicieus</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82licieux</ets>, L. <ets>deliciosus</ets>, fr. <ets>deliciae</ets> delight, fr. <ets>delicere</ets> to allure. See <er>Delight</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Affording exquisite pleasure; delightful; most sweet or grateful to the senses, especially to the taste; charming.</def>

<blockquote>Some <b>delicious</b> landscape.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>One draught of spring's <b>delicious</b> air.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Were not his words <b>delicious</b>?
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Addicted to pleasure; seeking enjoyment; luxurious; effeminate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Others, lastly, of a more <b>delicious</b> and airy spirit, retire themselves to the enjoyments of ease and luxury.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Delicious</er>, <er>Delightful</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Delicious</i> refers to the pleasure derived from certain of the senses, particularly the taste and smell; as, <ex>delicious</ex> food; a <i>delicious</i> fragrance. <i>Delightful</i> may also refer to most of the senses  (as, <i>delightful</i> music; a <i>delightful</i> prospect; <i>delightful</i> sensations), but has a higher application to matters of taste, feeling, and sentiment; as, a <ex>delightful</ex> abode, conversation, employment; <i>delightful</i> scenes, etc.</usage>

<blockquote>Like the rich fruit he sings, <b>delicious</b> in decay.
<i>Smith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No spring, nor summer, on the mountain seen,
Smiles with gay fruits or with <b>delightful</b> green.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deliciously</h1>
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<hw>De*li"cious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Delightfully; <as>as, to feed <ex>deliciously</ex>; to be <ex>deliciously</ex> entertained.</as></def>

<h1>Deliciousness</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*li"cious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being delicious; <as>as, the <ex>deliciousness</ex> of a repast</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Luxury.</def> "To drive away all superfluity and <i>deliciousness</i>."

<i>Sir T. North.</i>

<h1>Delict</h1>
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<hw>De*lict"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delictum</ets> fault.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An offense or transgression against law; <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> an offense of a lesser degree; a misdemeanor.</def>

<blockquote>Every regulation of the civil code necessarily implies a <b>delict</b> in the event of its violation.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deligate</h1>
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<hw>Del"i*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deligatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deligare</ets> to bind up; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>ligare</ets> to bind.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>To bind up; to bandage.</def>

<h1>Deligation</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>Del`i*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82ligation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A binding up; a bandaging.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Delight</h1>
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<hw>De*light"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>delit</ets>, OF. <ets>delit</ets>, <ets>deleit</ets>, fr. <ets>delitier</ets>, to delight. See <er>Delight</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A high degree of gratification of mind; a high-wrought state of pleasurable feeling; lively pleasure; extreme satisfaction; joy.</def>

<blockquote>Sounds and sweet airs, that give <b>delight</b> and hurt not.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A fool hath no <b>delight</b> in understanding.
<i>Prov. xviii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which gives great pleasure or delight.</def>

<blockquote>Heaven's last, best gift, my ever new <b>delight</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Licentious pleasure; lust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Delight</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*light"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Delighted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Delighting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>deliten</ets>, OF. <ets>delitier</ets>, <ets>deleitier</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82lecter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>delectare</ets> to entice away, to delight (sc. by attracting or alluring), intens. of <ets>delicere</ets> to allure, delight; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>lacere</ets> to entice, allure; cf. <ets>laqueus</ets> a snare. Cf. <er>Delectate</er>, <er>Delicate</er>, <er>Delicious</er>, <er>Dilettante</er>, <er>Elicit</er>, <er>Lace</er>.]</ety> <def>To give delight to; to affect with great pleasure; to please highly; <as>as, a beautiful landscape <ex>delights</ex> the eye; harmony <ex>delights</ex> the ear.</as></def>

<blockquote>Inventions to <b>delight</b> the taste.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Delight</b> our souls with talk of knightly deeds.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Delight</h1>
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<hw>De*light"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To have or take great delight or pleasure; to be greatly pleased or rejoiced; -- followed by an infinitive, or by <i>in</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Love <b>delights</b> in praises.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>delight</b> to do thy will, O my God.
<i>Ps. xl. 8.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Delightable</h1>
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<hw>De*light"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Delectable</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of delighting; delightful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Many a spice <b>delightable</b>.
<i>Rom. of R.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Delighted</h1>
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<hw>De*light"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Endowed with delight.</def>

<blockquote>If virtue no <b>delighted</b> beauty lack.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Glad; pleased; gratified. See <er>Glad</er>.</syn>

<h1>Delightedly</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*light"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With delight; gladly.</def>

<h1>Delighter</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*light"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gives or takes delight.</def>

<h1>Delightful</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*light"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Highly pleasing; affording great pleasure and satisfaction. "<i>Delightful</i> bowers." <i>Spenser</i>.</def> "<i>Delightful</i> fruit."

<i>Milton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Delicious; charming. See <er>Delicious</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>De*light"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>De*light"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Delighting</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*light"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giving delight; gladdening.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*light"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv</i>.</wordforms>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Delightless</h1>
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<hw>De*light"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Void of delight.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Delightous</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*light"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>delitos</ets>.]</ety> <def>Delightful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Delightsome</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*light"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Very pleasing; delightful.</def> "<i>Delightsome</i> vigor."

<i>Grew.</i>

<blockquote>Ye shall be a <b>delightsome</b> land, . . . saith the Lord.
<i>Mal. iii. 12.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>De*light"some*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>De*light"some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Delilah</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*li"lah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The mistress of Samson, who betrayed him (<i>Judges xvi.</i>); hence, a harlot; a temptress.</def>

<blockquote>Other <b>Delilahs</b> on a smaller scale Burns met with during his Dumfries sojourn.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Delimit</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*lim"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delimitare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82limitier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To fix the limits of; to demarcate; to bound.</def>

<h1>Delimitation</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*lim`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delimitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82limitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of fixing limits or boundaries; limitation.</def>

<i>Gladstone.</i>

<h1>Deline</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*line"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To delineate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mark out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. North.</i>

<h1>Delineable</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*lin"e*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being, or liable to be, delineated.</def>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Delineament</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*lin"e*a*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt><?/.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Delineate</er>.]</ety> <def>Delineation; sketch.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Delineate</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*lin"e*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delineatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>delineare</ets> to delineate; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>lineare</ets> to draw, fr. <ets>linea</ets> line. See <er>Line</er>.]</ety> <def>Delineated; portrayed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Delineate</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*lin"e*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Delineated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Delineating</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To indicate by lines drawn in the form or figure of; to represent by sketch, design, or diagram; to sketch out; to portray; to picture; in drawing and engraving, to represent in lines, as with the pen, pencil, or graver; hence, to represent with accuracy and minuteness. See <er>Delineation</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Adventurous to <b>delineate</b> nature's form.
<i>Akenside.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To portray to the mind or understanding by words; to set forth; to describe.</def>

<blockquote>Customs or habits <b>delineated</b> with great accuracy.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Delineation</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*lin`e*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delineatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82lin\'82ation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of representing, portraying, or describing, as by lines, diagrams, sketches, etc.; drawing an outline; <as>as, the <ex>delineation</ex> of a scene or face</as>; in drawing and engraving, representation by means of lines, as distinguished from representation by means of tints shades; accurate and minute representation, as distinguished from art that is careless of details, or subordinates them excessively.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A delineated picture; representation; sketch; description in words.</def>

<blockquote>Their softest <b>delineations</b> of female beauty.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Sketch; portrait; outline. See <er>Sketch</er>.</syn>

<h1>Delineator</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*lin"e*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, delineates; a sketcher.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surv.)</fld> <def>A perambulator which records distances and delineates a profile, as of a road.</def>

<h1>Delineatory</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*lin"e*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That delineates; descriptive; drawing the outline; delineating.</def>

<h1>Delineature</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*lin"e*a*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Delineation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Delinition</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>Del`i*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delinere</ets> to smear. See <er>Liniment</er>.]</ety> <def>A smearing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Delinquency</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*lin"quen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Delinquencies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>delinquentia</ets>, fr. <ets>delinquens</ets>.]</ety> <def>Failure or omission of duty; a fault; a misdeed; an offense; a misdemeanor; a crime.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>delinquencies</b> of the little commonwealth would be represented in the most glaring colors.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Delinquent</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*lin"quent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delinquens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>delinquere</ets> to fail, be wanting in one's duty, do wrong; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>linquere</ets> to leave. See <er>Loan</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Failing in duty; offending by neglect of duty.</def>

<h1>Delinquent</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*lin"quent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fails or neglects to perform his duty; an offender or transgressor; one who commits a fault or a crime; a culprit.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>delinquent</b> ought to be cited in the place or jurisdiction where the delinquency was committed.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Delinquently</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*lin"quent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to fail in duty.</def>

<h1>Deliquate</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>Del"i*quate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deliquatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deliquare</ets> to clear off, <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>liquare</ets> to make liquid, melt, dissolve.]</ety> <def>To melt or be dissolved; to deliquesce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Deliquate</h1>
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<hw>Del"i*quate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to melt away; to dissolve; to consume; to waste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Dilapidating, or rather <b>deliquating</b>, his bishopric.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deliquation</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>Del`i*qua"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A melting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Deliquesce</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>Del`i*quesce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deliquesced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deliquescing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.  <ets>deliquescere</ets> to melt, dissolve; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>liquescere</ets> to become fluid, melt, fr. <ets>liquere</ets> to be fluid. See <er>Liquid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To dissolve gradually and become liquid by attracting and absorbing moisture from the air, as certain salts, acids, and alkalies.</def>

<blockquote>In very moist air crystals of strontites <b>deliquesce</b>.
<i>Black.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deliquescence</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>Del`i*ques"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82liquescence</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of deliquescing or liquefying; process by which anything deliquesces; tendency to melt.</def>

<h1>Deliquescent</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>Del`i*ques"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deliquescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>deliquescere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82liquescent</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Dissolving; liquefying by contact with the air; capable of attracting moisture from the atmosphere and becoming liquid; <as>as, <ex>deliquescent</ex> salts</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Branching so that the stem is lost in branches, as in most deciduous trees.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Deliquiate</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*liq"ui*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deliquia</ets> a flowing off, a gutter, <ets>deliquium</ets> a flowing down, fr. <ets>deliquare</ets>. See <er>Deliquate</er>.]</ety> <def>To melt and become liquid by absorbing water from the air; to deliquesce.</def>

<i>Fourcroy.</i>

<h1>Deliquiation</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*liq`ui*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of deliquating.</def>

<h1>Deliquium</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*liq"ui*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Deliquiate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A melting or dissolution in the air, or in a moist place; a liquid condition; <as>as, a salt falls into a <ex>deliquium</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sinking away; a swooning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A melting or maudlin mood.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Deliracy</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*lir"a*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Delirate</er>.]</ety> <def>Delirium.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Delirament</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*lir"a*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deliramentum</ets>, fr. <ets>delirare</ets>. See <er>Delirium</er>.]</ety> <def>A wandering of the mind; a crazy fancy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Heywood.</i>

<h1>Delirancy</h1>
<Xpage=386>

<hw>De*lir"an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Delirium.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gauden.</i>

<h1>Delirant</h1>
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<hw>De*lir"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delirans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>delirare</ets>. See <er>Delirium</er>.]</ety> <def>Delirious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Delirate</h1>
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<hw>De*lir"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deliratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>delirare</ets>. See <er>Delirium</er>.]</ety> <def>To madden; to rave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>An infatuating and <b>delirating</b> spirit in it.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deliration</h1>
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<hw>Del`i*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deliratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Aberration of mind; delirium.</def>

<i>J. Motley.</i>

<blockquote><b>Deliration</b> or alienation of the understanding.
<i>Mede.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deliriant</h1>
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<hw>De*lir"i*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Delirium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A poison which occasions a persistent delirium, or mental aberration (as belladonna).</def>

<h1>Delirifacient</h1>
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<hw>De*lir`i*fa"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Delirium</ets> + L. <ets>faciens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Producing, or tending to produce, delirium.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> Any substance which tends to cause delirium.</def></def2>

<h1>Delirious</h1>
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<hw>De*lir"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Delirium</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a delirium; wandering in mind; light-headed; insane; raving; wild; <as>as, a <ex>delirious</ex> patient; <ex>delirious</ex> fancies.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*lir"i*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>De*lir"i*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Delirium</h1>
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<hw>De*lir"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>delirare</ets> to rave, to wander in mind, prop., to go out of the furrow in plowing; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>lira</ets> furrow, track; perh. akin to G. <ets>geleise</ets> track, rut, and E. <ets>last</ets> to endure.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A state in which the thoughts, expressions, and actions are wild, irregular, and incoherent; mental aberration; a roving or wandering of the mind, -- usually dependent on a fever or some other disease, and so distinguished from <i>mania</i>, or madness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Strong excitement; wild enthusiasm; madness.</def>

<blockquote>The popular <b>delirium</b> [of the French Revolution] at first caught his enthusiastic mind.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>delirium</b> of the preceding session (of Parliament).
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Delirium tremens</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[L., trembling delirium]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a violent delirium induced by the excessive and prolonged use of intoxicating liquors.</cd> -- <col>Traumatic delirium</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of delirium following injury.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Insanity; frenzy; madness; derangement; aberration; mania; lunacy; fury. See <er>Insanity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Delit</h1>
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<hw>De*lit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Delight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Delitable</h1>
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<hw>De*lit"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Delightful; delectable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Delitescence</h1>
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<hw>Del`i*tes"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Delitescent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Concealment; seclusion; retirement.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>delitescence</b> of mental activities.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The sudden disappearance of inflammation.</def>

<h1>Delitescency</h1>
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<hw>Del`i*tes"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Concealment; seclusion.</def>

<blockquote>The mental organization of the novelist must be characterized, to speak craniologically, by an extraordinary development of the passion for <b>delitescency</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Delitescent</h1>
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<hw>Del`i*tes"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delitescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>delitescere</ets> to lie hid.]</ety> <def>Lying hid; concealed.</def>

<h1>Delitigate</h1>
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<hw>De*lit"i*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delitigare</ets> to rail. See <er>Litigate</er>.]</ety> <def>To chide; to rail heartily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Delitigation</h1>
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<hw>De*lit`i*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Chiding; brawl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Deliver</h1>
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<hw>De*liv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Delivered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Delivering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82livrer</ets>, LL.  <ets>deliberare</ets> to liberate, give over, fr. L. <ets>de</ets> + <ets>liberare</ets> to set free. See <er>Liberate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To set free from restraint; to set at liberty; to release; to liberate, as from control; to give up; to free; to save; to rescue from evil actual or feared; -- often with <i>from</i> or <i>out of</i>; <as>as, to <ex>deliver</ex> one from captivity, or from fear of death</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He that taketh warning shall <b>deliver</b> his soul.
<i>Ezek. xxxiii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Promise was that I
Should Israel from Philistian yoke <b>deliver</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give or transfer; to yield possession or control of; to part with (to); to make over; to commit; to surrender; to resign; -- often with <i>up</i> or <i>over</i>, <i>to</i> or <i>into</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt <b>deliver</b> Pharaoh's cup into his hand.
<i>Gen. xl. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The constables have <b>delivered</b> her over.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The exalted mind
All sense of woe <b>delivers</b> to the wind.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make over to the knowledge of another; to communicate; to utter; to speak; to impart.</def>

<blockquote>Till he these words to him <b>deliver</b> might.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whereof the former <b>delivers</b> the precepts of the art, and the latter the perfection.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give forth in action or exercise; to discharge; <as>as, to <ex>deliver</ex> a blow; to <ex>deliver</ex> a broadside, or a ball.</as></def>

<blockquote>Shaking his head and <b>delivering</b> some show of tears.
<i>Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An uninstructed bowler . . . thinks to attain the jack by <b>delivering</b> his bowl straightforward.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To free from, or disburden of, young; to relieve of a child in childbirth; to bring forth; -- often with <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>She was <b>delivered</b> safe and soon.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Tully was long ere he could be <b>delivered</b> of a few verses, and those poor ones.
<i>Peacham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To discover; to show.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>I 'll <b>deliver</b>
Myself your loyal servant.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To deliberate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To admit; to allow to pass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Deliver</er>, <er>Give Forth</er>, <er>Discharge</er>, <er>Liberate</er>, <er>Pronounce</er>, <er>Utter</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Deliver</i> denotes, literally, <i>to set free</i>. Hence the term is extensively applied to cases where a thing is made to pass from a <i>confined</i> state to one of greater freedom or openness. Hence it may, in certain connections, be used as synonymous with any or all of the above-mentioned words, as will be seen from the following examples: One who <i>delivers</i> a package <i>gives it forth</i>; one who <i>delivers</i> a cargo <i>discharges</i> it; one who <i>delivers</i> a captive <i>liberates</i> him; one who <i>delivers</i> a message or a discourse <i>utters</i> or <i>pronounce</i>s it; when soldiers <i>deliver</i> their fire, they <i>set it free</i> or <i>give it forth</i>.</usage>

<h1>Deliver</h1>
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<hw>De*liv"er</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>delivre</ets> free, unfettered. See <er>Deliver</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Free; nimble; sprightly; active.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Wonderly <b>deliver</b> and great of strength.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deliverable</h1>
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<hw>De*liv"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being, or about to be, delivered; necessary to be delivered.</def>

<i>Hale.</i>

<h1>Deliverance</h1>
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<hw>De*liv"er*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82livrance</ets>, fr. <ets>d\'82livrer</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of delivering or freeing from restraint, captivity, peril, and the like; rescue; <as>as, the <ex>deliverance</ex> of a captive</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He hath sent me to heal the broken-hearted, to preach <b>deliverance</b> to the captives.
<i>Luke iv. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>One death or one <b>deliverance</b> we will share.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Act of bringing forth children.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Act of speaking; utterance.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; In this and in the preceding sense <i>delivery</i> is the word more commonly used.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The state of being delivered, or freed from restraint.</def>

<blockquote>I do desire <b>deliverance</b> from these officers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Anything delivered or communicated; esp., an opinion or decision expressed publicly.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Any fact or truth which is decisively attested or intuitively known as a psychological or philosophical datum; <as>as, the <ex>deliverance</ex> of consciousness</as>.</def>

<h1>Deliverer</h1>
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<hw>De*liv"er*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who delivers or rescues; a preserver.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who relates or communicates.</def>

<hr>
<page="387">
Page 387<p>

<h1>Deliveress</h1>
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<hw>De*liv"er*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female de<?/<?/<?/.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Deliverly</h1>
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<hw>De*liv"er*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Actively; quickly; nimbly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Swim with your bodies,
And carry it sweetly and <b>deliverly</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deliverness</h1>
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<hw>De*liv"er*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Nimbleness; agility.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Delivery</h1>
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<hw>De*liv"er*y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Deliveries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of delivering from restraint; rescue; release; liberation; <as>as, the <ex>delivery</ex> of a captive from his dungeon</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of delivering up or over; surrender; transfer of the body or substance of a thing; distribution; <as>as, the <ex>delivery</ex> of a fort, of hostages, of a criminal, of goods, of letters</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act or style of utterance; manner of speaking; <as>as, a good <ex>delivery</ex>; a clear <ex>delivery</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of giving birth; parturition; the expulsion or extraction of a fetus and its membranes.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The act of exerting one's strength or limbs.</def>

<blockquote>Neater limbs and freer <b>delivery</b>.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The act or manner of delivering a ball; <as>as, the pitcher has a swift <ex>delivery</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Dell</h1>
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<hw>Dell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>del</ets>, akin to E. <ets>dale</ets>; cf. D. <ets>delle</ets>, <ets>del</ets>, low ground. See <er>Dale</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A small, retired valley; a ravine.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>dells</b> and dales, concealed from human sight.
<i>Tickell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A young woman; a wench.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sweet doxies and <b>dells</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Della Crusca</h1>
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<hw>Del"la Crus"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A shortened form of <i>Academia della Crusca</i>, an academy in Florescence, Italy, founded in the 16th century, especially for conversing the purity of the Italian language.</def>

<note>&hand; The Accademia della Crusca (literally, <i>academy of the bran</i> or <i>chaff</i>) was so called in allusion to its chief object of bolting or purifying the national language.</note>

<h1>Dellacruscan</h1>
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<hw>Del`la*crus"can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Accademia della Crusca in Florence.</def>

<cs><col>The Dellacruscan School</col>, <cd>a name given in satire to a class of affected English writers, most of whom lived in Florence, about <er>a</er>. <er>d</er>. 1785.</cd></cs>

<h1>Deloo</h1>
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<hw>De"loo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The duykerbok.</def>

<h1>Deloul</h1>
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<hw>De*loul"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. of Arabic or Bedouin origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A special breed of the dromedary used for rapid traveling; the swift camel; -- called also <altname>herire</altname>, and <altname>maharik</altname>.</def>

<h1>Delph</h1>
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<hw>Delph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Delftware.</def>

<blockquote>Five nothings in five plates of <b>delph</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Delph</h1>
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<hw>Delph</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Hydraul. Engin.)</fld> <def>The drain on the land side of a sea embankment.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Delphian</h1>
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<hw>Del"phi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Delphic.</def>

<h1>Delphic</h1>
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<hw>Del"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Delphicus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, L. <ets>Delphi</ets>, a town of Phocis, in Greece, now <ets>Kastri</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or relating to Delphi, or to the famous oracle of that place.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ambiguous; mysterious.</def> "If he is silent or <i>delphic</i>."

<i>New York Times.</i>

<h1>Delphin, Delphine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Del"phin</hw>, <hw>Del"phine</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dauphin</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the dauphin of France; <as>as, the <ex>Delphin</ex> classics, an edition of the Latin classics, prepared in the reign of Louis XIV., for the use of the dauphin (<i>in usum Delphini</i>).</as></def>

<h1>Delphin</h1>
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<hw>Del"phin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delphinus</ets> a dolphin.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A fatty substance contained in the oil of the dolphin and the porpoise; -- called also <altname>phocenin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Delphine</h1>
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<hw>Del"phine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delphinus</ets> a dolphin, Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the dolphin, a genus of fishes.</def>

<h1>Delphinic</h1>
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<hw>Del*phin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Delphin</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the dolphin; phocenic.</def>

<cs><col>Delphinic acid</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Valeric acid</cref>, under <er>Valeric</er>.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Delphinic</h1>
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<hw>Del*phin"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From NL. <ets>Delphinium</ets>, the name of the genus.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the larkspur; specifically, relating to the stavesacre (<spn>Delphinium staphisagria</spn>).</def>

<h1>Delphinine</h1>
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<hw>Del"phi*nine</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>delphinine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous alkaloid extracted from the stavesacre (<spn>Delphinium staphisagria</spn>), as a colorless amorphous powder.</def>

<h1>Delphinoid</h1>
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<hw>Del"phi*noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delphinus</ets> a dolphin + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the dolphin.</def>

<h1>Delphinoidea</h1>
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<hw>Del`phi*noi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of Cetacea which comprises the dolphins, porpoises, and related forms.</def>

<h1>Delphinus</h1>
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<hw>Del*phi"nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a dolphin, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of Cetacea, including the dolphin. See <er>Dolphin</er>, <p><b>1.</b></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The Dolphin, a constellation near the equator and east of Aquila.</def>

<h1>Delta</h1>
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<hw>Del"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Deltas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, the name of the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet (the capital form of which is <DELTA/, Eng. D), from the Ph\'d2nician name of the corresponding letter. The Greeks called the alluvial deposit at the mouth of the Nile, from its shape, the <ets>Delta</ets> of the Nile.]</ety> <def>A tract of land shaped like the letter delta (<DELTA/), especially when the land is alluvial and inclosed between two or more mouths of a river; <as>as, the <ex>delta</ex> of the Ganges, of the Nile, or of the Mississippi</as>.</def>

<h1>Deltafication</h1>
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<hw>Del`ta*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Delta</ets> + L. <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>The formation of a delta or of deltas.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Deltaic</h1>
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<hw>Del*ta"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or like, a delta.</def>

<h1>Delthyris</h1>
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<hw>Del*thy"ris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>de`lta</grk> the name of the letter <DELTA/ + <grk>thy`ra</grk> door.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name formerly given to certain Silurian brachiopod shells of the genus <er>Spirifer</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Delthyris limestone</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>one of the divisions of the Upper Silurian rocks in New York.</cd></cs>

<h1>Deltic</h1>
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<hw>Del"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deltaic.</def>

<h1>Deltidium</h1>
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<hw>Del*tid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>de`lta</grk>, the letter <DELTA/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The triangular space under the beak of many brachiopod shells.</def>

<h1>Deltohedron</h1>
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<hw>Del`to*he"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>de`lta</grk>, the letter <DELTA/ + <grk>'e`dra</grk> seat, base.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A solid bounded by twelve quadrilateral faces. It is a hemihedral form of the isometric system, allied to the tetrahedron.</def>

<h1>Deltoid</h1>
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<hw>Del"toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>deltoeidh`s</grk> delta-shaped; <grk>de`lta</grk> the name of the letter <DELTA/ + <grk>ei^dos</grk> form: cf. F. <ets>delto\'8bde</ets>. See <er>Delta</er>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like the Greek <?/ (delta); delta-shaped; triangular.</def>

<cs><col>Deltoid leaf</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leaf in the form of a triangle with the stem inserted at the middle of the base.</cd> -- <col>Deltoid muscle</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a triangular muscle in the shoulder which serves to move the arm directly upward.</cd></cs>

<h1>Deludable</h1>
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<hw>De*lud"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being deluded; liable to be imposed on gullible.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Delude</h1>
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<hw>De*lude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deluded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deluding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>deludere</ets>, <ets>delusum</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>ludere</ets> to play, make sport of, mock. See <er>Ludicrous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lead from truth or into error; to mislead the mind or judgment of to beguile; to impose on; to dupe; to make a fool of.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>delude</b> the nation by an airy phantom.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To frustrate or disappoint.</def>

<blockquote>It <b>deludes</b> thy search.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To mislead; deceive; beguile; cajole; cheat; dupe. See <er>Deceive</er>.</syn>

<h1>Deluder</h1>
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<hw>De*lud"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who deludes; a deceiver; an impostor.</def>

<h1>Deluge</h1>
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<hw>Del"uge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82luge</ets>, L. <ets>diluvium</ets>, fr. <ets>diluere</ets> wash away; <ets>di- = dis-</ets> + <ets>luere</ets>, equiv. to <ets>lavare</ets> to wash. See <er>Lave</er>, and cf. <er>Diluvium</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A washing away; an overflowing of the land by water; an inundation; a flood; specifically, <i>The Deluge, the great flood in the days of Noah (<i>Gen. vii.</i>).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Anything which overwhelms, or causes great destruction.</def> "The <i>deluge</i> of summer."

<i>Lowell.</i>

<blockquote>A fiery <b>deluge</b> fed
With ever-burning sulphur unconsumed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As I grub up some quaint old fragment of a [London] street, or a house, or a shop, or tomb or burial ground, which has still survived in the <b>deluge</b>.
<i>F. Harrison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>After me the <b>deluge</b>.
(Apr\'82s moi le d\'82luge.)
<i>Madame de Pompadour.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deluge</h1>
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<hw>Del"uge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deluged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deluging</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To overflow with water; to inundate; to overwhelm.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>deluged</b> earth would useless grow.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To overwhelm, as with a deluge; to cover; to overspread; to overpower; to submerge; to destroy; <as>as, the northern nations <ex>deluged</ex> the Roman empire with their armies; the land is <ex>deluged</ex> with woe.</as></def>

<blockquote>At length corruption, like a general fl<?/<?/<?/ . . .
Shall <b>deluge</b> all.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Delundung</h1>
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<hw>De*lun"dung</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An East Indian carnivorous mammal (<spn>Prionodon gracilis</spn>), resembling the civets, but without scent pouches. It is handsomely spotted.</def>

<h1>Delusion</h1>
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<hw>De*lu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>delusio</ets>, fr. <ets>deludere</ets>. See <er>Delude</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of deluding; deception; a misleading of the mind.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being deluded or misled.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is falsely or delusively believed or propagated; false belief; error in belief.</def>

<blockquote>And fondly mourned the dear <b>delusion</b> gone.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Delusion</er>, <er>Illusion</er>.</syn> <usage> These words both imply some deception practiced upon the mind. <i>Delusion</i> is deception from want of knowledge; <i>illusion</i> is deception from morbid imagination. An <i>illusion</i> is a false show, a mere cheat on the fancy or senses. It is, in other words, some idea or image presented to the bodily or mental vision which does not exist in reality. A <i>delusion</i> is a false judgment, usually affecting the real concerns of life. Or, in other words, it is an erroneous view of something which exists indeed, but has by no means the qualities or attributes ascribed to it. Thus we speak of the <i>illusions</i> of fancy, the <i>illusions</i> of hope, <i>illusive</i> prospects, <i>illusive</i> appearances, etc. In like manner, we speak of the <i>delusions</i> of stockjobbing, the <i>delusions</i> of honorable men, <i>delusive</i> appearances in trade, of being <i>deluded</i> by a seeming excellence.</usage>

"A fanatic, either religious or political, is the subject of strong <i>delusions</i>; while the term <i>illusion</i> is applied solely to the visions of an uncontrolled imagination, the chimerical ideas of one blinded by hope, passion, or credulity, or lastly, to spectral and other ocular deceptions, to which the word <i>delusion</i> is never applied."
<i>Whately.</i>

<h1>Delusional</h1>
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<hw>De*lu"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to delusions; <as>as, <ex>delusional</ex> monomania</as>.</def>

<h1>Delusive</h1>
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<hw>De*lu"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Delude</er>.]</ety> <def>Apt or fitted to delude; tending to mislead the mind; deceptive; beguiling; delusory; <as>as, <ex>delusive</ex> arts; a <ex>delusive</ex> dream.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Delusive</b> and unsubstantial ideas.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>De*lu"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>De*lu"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Delusory</h1>
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<hw>De*lu"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Delusive; fallacious.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Delve</h1>
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<hw>Delve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Delved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Delving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>delfan</ets> to dig; akin to OS. <ets>bidelban</ets> to bury, D. <ets>delven</ets> to dig, MHG. <ets>telben</ets>, and possibly to E. <ets>dale</ets>. Cf. <er>Delf</er> a mine.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To dig; to open (the ground) as with a spade.</def>

<blockquote><b>Delve</b> of convenient depth your thrashing floo<?/<?/
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dig into; to penetrate; to trace out; to fathom.</def>

<blockquote>I can not <b>delve</b> him to the root.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Delve</h1>
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<hw>Delve</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To dig or labor with a spade, or as with a spade; to labor as a drudge.</def>

<blockquote><b>Delve</b> may I not: I shame to beg.
<i>Wyclif (Luke xvi. 3).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Delve</h1>
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<hw>Delve</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Delve</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Delf</er> a mine.]</ety> <def>A place dug; a pit; a ditch; a den; a cave.</def>

<blockquote>Which to that shady <b>delve</b> him brought at last<?/<?/<?/<?/

<i><?/<?/<?/penser.</i>

<blockquote>The very tigers from their <b>delves</b>
Look out.
<i>Moore.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Delver</h1>
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<hw>Delv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who digs, as with a spade.</def>

<h1>Demagnetize</h1>
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<hw>De*mag"net*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To deprive of magnetic properties. See <er>Magnetize</er>.</def>

<blockquote>If the bar be rapidly magnetized and <b>demagnetized</b>.
<i>A. Cyc.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To free from mesmeric influence; to demesmerize. </def>-- <wordforms><wf>De*mag`net*i*za"tion</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>De*mag"net*i`zer</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Demagog</h1>
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<hw>Dem"a*gog</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Demagogue.</def>

<h1>Demagogic, Demagogical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dem`a*gog"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dem`a*gog"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>d\'82magogique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to, or like, a demagogue; factious.</def>

<h1>Demagogism</h1>
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<hw>Dem"a*gog*ism</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practices of a demagogue.</def>

<h1>Demagogue</h1>
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<hw>Dem"a*gogue</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a popular leader; commonly in a bad sense, a leader of the mob; <?/ the people + <?/ leading, fr. <?/ to lead; akin to E. <ets>act</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82magogue</ets>.]</ety> <def>A leader of the rabble; one who attempts to control the multitude by specious or deceitful arts; an unprincipled and factious mob orator or political leader.</def>

<h1>Demagogy</h1>
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<hw>Dem"a*gog`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82magogie</ets>, Gr. <?/ leadership of the people.]</ety> <def>Demagogism.</def>

<h1>Demain</h1>
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<hw>De*main"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Demesne</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Rule; management.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Demesne</er>.</def>

<h1>Demand</h1>
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<hw>De*mand"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Demanded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Demanding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>demander</ets>, LL. <ets>demandare</ets> to demand, summon, send word, fr. L. <ets>demandare</ets> to give in charge, intrust; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>mandare</ets> to commit to one's charge, commission, order, command. Cf. <er>Mandate</er>, <er>Commend</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To ask or call for with authority; to claim or seek from, as by authority or right; to claim, as something due; to call for urgently or peremptorily; <as>as, to <ex>demand</ex> a debt; to <ex>demand</ex> obedience.</as></def>

<blockquote>This, in our foresaid holy father's name,
Pope Innocent, I do <b>demand</b> of thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inquire authoritatively or earnestly; to ask, esp. in a peremptory manner; to question.</def>

<blockquote>I did <b>demand</b> what news from Shrewsbury.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To require as necessary or useful; to be in urgent need of; hence, to call for; <as>as, the case <ex>demands</ex> care</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To call into court; to summon.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Demand</h1>
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<hw>De*mand"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a demand; to inquire.</def>

<blockquote>The soldiers likewise <b>demanded</b> of him, saying, And what shall we do?
<i>Luke iii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demand</h1>
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<hw>De*mand"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>demande</ets>, fr. <ets>demander</ets>. See <er>Demand</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of demanding; an asking with authority; a peremptory urging of a claim; a claiming or challenging as due; requisition; <as>as, the <ex>demand</ex> of a creditor; a note payable on <ex>demand</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>demand</b> [is] by the word of the holy ones.
<i>Dan. iv. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He that has confidence to turn his wishes into <b>demands</b> will be but a little way from thinking he ought to obtain them.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Earnest inquiry; question; query.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A diligent seeking or search; manifested want; desire to posses; request; <as>as, a <ex>demand</ex> for certain goods; a person's company is in great <ex>demand</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>In 1678 came forth a second edition [Pilgrim's Progress] with additions; and the <b>demand</b> became immense.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which one demands or has a right to demand; thing claimed as due; claim; <as>as, <ex>demands</ex> on an estate</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The asking or seeking for what is due or claimed as due</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The right or title in virtue of which anything may be claimed; <as>as, to hold a <ex>demand</ex> against a person</as></def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A thing or amount claimed to be due.</def>

<h1>Demandable</h1>
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<hw>De*mand"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be demanded or claimed.</def> "All sums <i>demandable</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Demandant</h1>
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<hw>De*mand"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>demandant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>demander</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who demands; the plaintiff in a real action; any plaintiff.</def>

<h1>Demander</h1>
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<hw>De*mand"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who demands.</def>

<h1>Demandress</h1>
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<hw>De*mand"ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who demands.</def>

<h1>Demantoid</h1>
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<hw>De*man"toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>demant</ets> diamond + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A yellow-green, transparent variety of garnet found in the Urals. It is valued as a gem because of its brilliancy of luster, whence the name.</def>

<h1>Demarcate</h1>
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<hw>De*mar"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Demarcation</er>.]</ety> <def>To mark by bounds; to set the limits of; to separate; to discriminate.</def>

<i>Wilkinson.</i>

<h1>Demarcation</h1>
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<hw>De`mar*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82marcation</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>de</ets>) + <ets>marquer</ets> to mark, of German origin. See <er>Mark</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of marking, or of ascertaining and setting a limit; separation; distinction.</def>

<blockquote>The speculative line of <b>demarcation</b>, where obedience ought to end and resistance must begin, is faint, obscure, and not easily definable.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demarch</h1>
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<hw>De*march"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82marche</ets>. See <er>March</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>March; walk; gait.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Demarch</h1>
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<hw>De*march</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ people + <?/ to rule.]</ety> <def>A chief or ruler of a deme or district in Greece.</def>

<h1>Demarkation</h1>
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<hw>De`mar*ka"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Demarcation</er>.</def>

<h1>Dematerialize</h1>
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<hw>De`ma*te"ri*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of material or physical qualities or characteristics.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dematerializing</b> matter by stripping if of everything which . . . has distinguished matter.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deme</h1>
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<hw>Deme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A territorial subdivision of Attica (also of modern Greece), corresponding to a township.</def>

<i>Jowett (Thucyd).</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An undifferentiated aggregate of cells or plastids.</def>

<h1>Demean</h1>
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<hw>De*mean"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Demeaned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Demeaning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>demener</ets> to conduct, guide, manage, F. <ets>se d\'82mener</ets> to struggle<?/ pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>de</ets>) + <ets>mener</ets> to lead, drive, carry on, conduct, fr. L. <ets>minare</ets> to drive animals by threatening cries, fr. <ets>minari</ets> to threaten. See <er>Menace</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To manage; to conduct; to treat.</def>

<blockquote>[Our] clergy have with violence <b>demeaned</b> the matter.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To conduct; to behave; to comport; -- followed by the reflexive pronoun.</def>

<blockquote>They have <b>demeaned</b> themselves
Like men born to renown by life or death.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They answered . . . that they should <b>demean</b> themselves according to their instructions.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="388">
Page 388<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To debase; to lower; to degrade; -- followed by the reflexive pronoun.</def>

<blockquote>Her son would <b>demean</b> himself by a marriage with an artist's daughter.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This sense is probably due to a false etymology which regarded the word as connected with the adjective <i>mean</i>.</note>

<h1>Demean</h1>
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<hw>De*mean"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>demene</ets>. See <er>Demean</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Management; treatment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Vile <b>demean</b> and usage bad.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Behavior; conduct; bearing; demeanor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With grave <b>demean</b> and solemn vanity.
<i>West.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demean</h1>
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<hw>De*mean"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Demesne</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Demesne.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b>  <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Resources; means.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>You know
How narrow our <b>demeans</b> are.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demeanance</h1>
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<hw>De*mean"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Demeanor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Demeanor</h1>
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<hw>De*mean"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>demeanour</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[For <ets>demeanure</ets>, fr. <ets>demean</ets>. See <er>Demean</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>Management; treatment; conduct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>God commits the managing so great a trust . . . wholly to the <b>demeanor</b> of every grown man.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Behavior; deportment; carriage; bearing; mien.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>demeanor</b> was singularly pleasing.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The men, as usual, liked her artless kindness and simple refined <b>demeanor</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demeanure</h1>
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<hw>De*mean"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Behavior.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Demency</h1>
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<hw>De"men*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dementia</ets>, fr. <ets>demens</ets> mad. See <er>Dement</er>.]</ety> <def>Dementia; loss of mental powers. See <er>Insanity</er>.</def>

<h1>Dement</h1>
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<hw>De*ment"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dementare</ets>, fr. <ets>demens</ets>, <ets>-mentis</ets>, out of one's mind, mad; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>mens</ets> mind. See <er>Mental</er>, and cf. <er>Dementate</er>.]</ety> <def>To deprive of reason; to make mad.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Dement</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*ment"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>demens</ets>, <ets>-mentis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Demented; dementate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<h1>Dementate</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*men"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dementatus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Dement</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Deprived of reason.</def>

<blockquote>Arise, thou <b>dementate</b> sinner!
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dementate</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*men"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of reason; to dement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Dementation</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De`men*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of depriving of reason; madness.</def>

<i>Whitlock.</i>

<h1>Demented</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*ment"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Dement</er>.]</ety> <def>Insane; mad; of unsound mind.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*ment"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dementia</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*men"ti*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>demens</ets>. See <er>Dement</er>.]</ety> <def>Insanity; madness; esp. that form which consists in weakness or total loss of thought and reason; mental imbecility; idiocy.</def>

<h1>Demephitize</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*meph"i*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Demephitized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Demephitizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82phitiser</ets> to infect with <ets>mephitis</ets>.]</ety> <def>To purify from mephitic.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*meph`i*ti*za"tion</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Demerge</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*merge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>demergere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To plunge down into; to sink; to immerse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The water in which it was <b>demerged</b>.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demerit</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*mer"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82m\'82rite</ets> demerit (in sense 2), OF. <ets>demerite</ets> demerit (in sense 1), fr. L. <ets>demerere</ets> to deserve well, LL., to deserve well or ill; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>merere</ets> to deserve. See <er>De</er>-, and <er>Merit</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which one merits or deserves, either of good or ill; desert.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>By many benefits and <b>demerits</b> whereby they obliged their adherents, [they] acquired this reputation.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which deserves blame; ill desert; a fault; a vice; misconduct; -- the opposite of <ant>merit</ant>.</def>

<blockquote>They see no merit or <b>demerit</b> in any man or any action.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Secure, unless forfeited by any <b>demerit</b> or offense.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of one who deserves ill.</def>

<h1>Demerit</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*mer"it</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82m\'82riter</ets> to deserve ill. See <er>Demerit</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To deserve; -- said in reference to both praise and blame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If I have <b>demerited</b> any love or thanks.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Executed as a traitor . . . as he well <b>demerited</b>.
<i>State Trials (1645).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To depreciate or cry down.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Woolton.</i>

<h1>Demerit</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*mer"it</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To deserve praise or blame.</def>

<h1>Demerse</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*merse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>demersus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>demergere</ets>. See <er>Merge</er>.]</ety> <def>To immerse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Demersed</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*mersed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Situated or growing under water, as leaves; submersed.</def>

<h1>Demersion</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*mer"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>demersio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of plunging into a fluid; a drowning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being overwhelmed in water, or as if in water.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Demesmerize</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*mes"mer*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To relieve from mesmeric influence. See <er>Mesmerize</er>.</def>

<h1>Demesne</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*mesne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>demeine</ets>, <ets>demain</ets>, rule, demesne, OF. <ets>demeine</ets>, <ets>demaine</ets>, <ets>demeigne</ets>, <ets>domaine</ets>, power, F. <ets>domaine</ets> domain, fr. L. <ets>dominium</ets> property, right of ownership, fr. <ets>dominus</ets> master, proprietor, owner. See <er>Dame</er>, and cf. <er>DEmain</er>, <er>Domain</er>, <er>Danger</er>, <er>Dungeon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A lord's chief manor place, with that part of the lands belonging thereto which has not been granted out in tenancy; a house, and the land adjoining, kept for the proprietor's own use.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>demain</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Wharton's Law Dict. Burrill.</i>

<cs><col>Ancient demesne</col>. <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Ancient</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Demesnial</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*mesn"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a demesne; of the nature of a demesne.</def>

<h1>Demi-</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>demi-</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dimidius</ets> half; <ets>di-</ets> = <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>medius</ets> middle. See <er>Medium</er>, and cf. <er>Demy</er>, <er>Dimidiate</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix, signifying <i>half</i>.</def>

<h1>Demi</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*mi"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Demy</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Demibastion</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*bas"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>demi-bastion</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A half bastion, or that part of a bastion consisting of one face and one flank.</def>

<h1>Demibrigade</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*bri*gade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>demi-brigade</ets>.]</ety> <def>A half brigade.</def>

<h1>Demicadence</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*ca`dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An imperfect or half cadence, falling on the dominant instead of on the key note.</def>

<h1>Demicannon</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*can"non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A kind of ordnance, carrying a ball weighing from thirty to thirty-six pounds.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Demicircle</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*cir`cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>demi-cercle</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring angles, in surveying, etc. It resembles <?/ protractor, but has an alidade, sights, and a compass.</def>

<h1>Demiculverin</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*cul"ver*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A kind of ordnance, carrying a ball weighing from nine to thirteen pounds.</def>

<h1>Demideify</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*de"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deify in part.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Demidevil</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*dev`il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A half devil.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Demigod</h1>
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<hw>Dem"i*god</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A half god, or an inferior deity; a fabulous hero, the offspring of a deity and a mortal.</def>

<h1>Demigoddess</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*god`dess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female demigod.</def>

<h1>Demigorge</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*gorge`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>demi-gorge</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>Half the gorge, or entrance into a bastion, taken from the angle of the flank to the center of the bastion.</def>

<h1>Demigrate</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*grate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>demigrare</ets>, <ets>demigratum</ets>, to emigrate. See <er>De</er>-, and <er>Migrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To emigrate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Demigration</h1>
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<hw>Dem`i*gra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>demigratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Emigration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Demigroat</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*groat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A half groat.</def>

<h1>Demi-isand</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i-is`and</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Peninsula.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Knolles.</i>

<h1>Demijohn</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*john</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>dame-jeanne</ets>, i. e., Lady Jane, a corruption of Ar. <ets>damaj\'bena</ets>, <ets>damj\'bena</ets>, prob. fr. <ets>Damaghan</ets> a town in the Persian province of Khorassan, one famous for its glass works.]</ety> <def>A glass vessel or bottle with a large body and small neck, inclosed in wickerwork.</def>

<h1>Demilance</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*lance`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A light lance; a short spear; a half pike; also, a demilancer.</def>

<h1>Demilancer</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*lan`cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A soldier of light cavalry of the 16th century, who carried a demilance.</def>

<h1>Demilune</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*lune`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>demi-lune</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A work constructed beyond the main ditch of a fortress, and in front of the curtain between two bastions, intended to defend the curtain; a ravelin. See <er>Ravelin</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A crescentic mass of granular protoplasm present in the salivary glands.</def>

<note>&hand; Each crescent is made of polyhedral cells which under some circumstances are supposed to give rise to new salivary cells.</note>

<h1>Demiman</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*man`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A half man.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Knolles.</i>

<h1>Demimonde</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem`i*monde"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.; <ets>demi + monde</ets> world, L. <ets>mundus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Persons of doubtful reputation; esp., women who are kept as mistresses, though not public prostitutes; demireps.</def>

<cs><col>Literary demimonde</col>, <cd>writers of the lowest kind.</cd></cs>

<h1>Deminatured</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*na"tured</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having half the nature of another.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Demiquaver</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*qua`ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A note of half the length of the quaver; a semiquaver.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Demirelief, Demirelievo</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw><hw>Dem`i*re*lief"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dem`i*re*lie"vo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Half relief. See <er>Demi-rilievo</er>.</def>

<h1>Demrep</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"*rep`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>demi-reputation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woman of doubtful reputation or suspected character; an adventuress.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Demi-rilievo</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i-ri*lie"vo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>demi-</ets> + It. <ets>rilievo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Half relief; sculpture in relief of which the figures project from the background by one half their full roundness.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A work of sculpture of the above character. See <er>Alto-rilievo</er>.</def>

<h1>Demisability</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*mis`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The state of being demisable.</def>

<h1>Demisable</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*mis"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Demise</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Capable of being leased; <as>as, a <ex>demisable</ex> estate</as>.</def>

<h1>Demise</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*mise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82mettre</ets>, p. p. <ets>d\'82mis</ets>, <ets>d\'82mise</ets>, to put away, lay down; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>de</ets> or <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>mettre</ets> to put, place, lay, fr. L. <ets>mittere</ets> to send. See <er>Mission</er>, and cf. <er>Dismiss</er>, <er>Demit</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Transmission by formal act or conveyance to an heir or successor; transference; especially, the transfer or transmission of the crown or royal authority to a successor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The decease of a royal or princely person; hence, also, the death of any illustrious person.</def>

<blockquote>After the <b>demise</b> of the Queen [of George II.], in 1737, they [drawing-rooms] were held but twice a week.
<i>P. Cunningham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The conveyance or transfer of an estate, either in fee for life or for years, most commonly the latter.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<note>&hand; The <i>demise</i> of the crown is a transfer of the crown, royal authority, or kingdom, to a successor. Thus, when Edward IV. was driven from his throne for a few months by the house of Lancaster, this temporary transfer of his dignity was called a <i>demise</i>. Thus the natural death of a king or queen came to be denominated a <i>demise</i>, as by that event the crown is transferred to a successor.</note>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><col>Demise and redemise</col>, <cd>a conveyance where there are mutual leases made from one to another of the same land, or something out of it.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Death; decease; departure. See <er>Death</er>.</syn>

<h1>Demise</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*mise"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Demised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Demising</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To transfer or transmit by succession or inheritance; to grant or bestow by will; to bequeath.</def> "Power to <i>demise</i> my lands."

<i>Swift.</i>

<blockquote>What honor
Canst thou <b>demise</b> to any child of mine?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To convey; to give.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>His soul is at his conception <b>demised</b> to him.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To convey, as an estate, be lease; to lease.</def>

<h1>Demisemiquaver</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem`i*sem"i*qua`ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt><?/. n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short note, equal in time to the half of a semiquaver, or the thirty-second part of a whole note.</def>

<h1>Demiss</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*miss"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>demissus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>demittere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cast down; humble; submissive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He down descended like a most <b>demiss</b>
And abject thrall.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demission</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>demissio</ets>, fr. <ets>demittere</ets>. See <er>Demit</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of demitting, or the state of being demitted; a letting down; a lowering; dejection.</def> "<i>Demission</i> of mind."

<i>Hammond.</i>

<blockquote><b>Demission</b> of sovereign authority.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resignation of an office.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Demissionary</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*mis"sion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to transfer or conveyance; <as>as, a <ex>demissionary</ex> deed</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tending to lower, depress, or degrade.</def>

<h1>Demissive</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*miss"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Demiss</er>.]</ety> <def>Downcast; submissive; humble.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>They pray with <b>demissive</b> eyelids.
<i>Lord (1630).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demissly</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*miss"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a humble manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Demisuit</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*suit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A suit of light armor covering less than the whole body, as having no protection for the legs below the things, no vizor to the helmet, and the like.</def>

<h1>Demit</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*mit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Demitted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Demitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>demittere</ets> to send or bring down, to lower; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>mittere</ets> to send. Cf. <er>Demise</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To let fall; to depress.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>They [peacocks] <b>demit</b> and let fall the same [<it>i. e.</it>, their train].
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To yield or submit; to humble; to lower; <as>as, to <ex>demit</ex> one's self to humble duties</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lay down, as an office; to resign.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>General Conway <b>demitted</b> his office.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demitint</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*tint`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of a painting, engraving, or the like, which is neither in full darkness nor full light</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The shade itself; neither the darkest nor the lightest in a composition. Also called <i>half tint</i>.</def>

<h1>Demitone</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*tone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Semitone.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Demiurge</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*urge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>dhmioyrgo`s</grk> a worker for the people, a workman, especially the marker of the world, the Creator; <grk>dh`mios</grk> belonging to the people (fr. <grk>dh^mos</grk> the people) + <grk>'e`rgon</grk> a work.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The chief magistrate in some of the Greek states.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>God, as the Maker of the world.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>According to the Gnostics, an agent or one employed by the Supreme Being to create the material universe and man.</def>

<h1>Demiurgic</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem`i*ur"gic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a demiurge; formative; creative.</def> "<i>Demiurgic</i> power."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Demvill</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"*vill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>A half -vill, consisting of five freemen or frankpledges.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Demivolt</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*volt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>demi-volte</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A half vault; one of the seven artificial motions of a horse, in which he raises his fore legs in a particular manner.</def>

<h1>Demiwolf</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"i*wolf`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A half wolf; a mongrel dog, between a dog and a wolf.</def>

<h1>Demobilization</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*mob`i*li*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82mobilisation</ets>. See <er>Mobilization</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The disorganization or disarming of troops which have previously been mobilized or called into active service; the change from a war footing to a peace footing.</def>

<h1>Demobilize</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*mob"i*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82mobiliser</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To disorganize, or disband and send home, as troops which have been <i>mobilized</i>.</def>

<h1>Democracy</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*moc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Democracies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82mocratie</ets>, fr. Gr. <grk>dhmokrati`a</grk>; <grk>dh^mos</grk> the people + <grk>kratei^n</grk> to be strong, to rule, <grk>kra`tos</grk> strength.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is retained and directly exercised by the people.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Government by popular representation; a form of government in which the supreme power is retained by the people, but is indirectly exercised through a system of representation and delegated authority periodically renewed; a constitutional representative government; a republic.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Collectively, the people, regarded as the source of government.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The principles and policy of the Democratic party, so called.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Democrat</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem"o*crat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82mocrate</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is an adherent or advocate of democracy, or government by the people.</def>

<blockquote>Whatever they call him, what care I,
Aristocrat, <b>democrat</b>, autocrat.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of the Democratic party.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Democratic</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem`o*crat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>d\'82mocratique</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to democracy; favoring democracy, or constructed upon the principle of government by the people.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating to a political party so called.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Befitting the common people; -- opposed to <i>aristocratic</i>.</def>

<cs><col>The Democratic party</col>, <cd>the name of one of the chief political parties in the United States.</cd></cs>

<h1>Democratical</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem`o*crat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Democratic.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>democratical</b> was democratically received.
<i>Algernon Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Democratically</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>Dem`o*crat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a democratic manner.</def>

<h1>Democratism</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*moc"ra*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles or spirit of a democracy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Democratist</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*moc"ra*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A democrat.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Democratize</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*moc"ra*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render democratic.</def>

<h1>Democraty</h1>
<Xpage=388>

<hw>De*moc"ra*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Democracy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<hr>
<page="389">
Page 389<p>

<h1>Demogorgon</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De`mo*gor"gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[First  me<?/<?/<?/<?/ <-- ##***NOTE: -- several lines missing from original, which is torn here! ** --> the scholiast, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, deity + <grk>gorgo`s</grk> fierce, <?/<?/]</ety> <def>, A mysterious, terrible, and evil divinity, regarded by some as the author of creation, by others as a great magician who was supposed to command the spirits of the lower world. See <er>Gorgon</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Orcus and Ades, and the dreaded name
Of <b>Demogorgon</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demography</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the people + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The study of races, as to births, marriages, mortality, health, etc.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dem`o*graph"ic</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Demoiselle</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De`moi`selle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Damsel</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A young lady; a damsel; a lady's maid.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Numidian crane (<spn>Antropoides virgo</spn>); -- so called on account of the grace and symmetry of its form and movements.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beautiful, small dragon fly of the genus <spn>Agrion</spn>.</def>

<h1>Demolish</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mol"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Demolished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Demolishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82molir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>demoliri</ets>, p. p. <ets>demolitus</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>moliri</ets> to set a thing in motion, to work, construct, from <ets>moles</ets> a huge mass or structure. See <er>Mole</er> a mound, and <er>Finish</er>.]</ety> <def>To throw or pull down; to raze; to destroy the fabric of; to pull to pieces; to ruin; <as>as, to <ex>demolish</ex> an edifice, or a wall</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I expected the fabric of my book would long since have been <b>demolished</b>, and laid even with the ground.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Demolish</er>, <er>Overturn</er>, <er>Destroy</er>, <er>Dismantle</er>, <er>Raze</er>. That is <i>overturned</i> or <i>overthrown</i> which had stood upright; that is destroyed whose component parts are scattered; that is <i>demolished</i> which had formed a mass or structure; that is <i>dismantled</i> which is stripped of its covering, as a vessel of its sails, or a fortress of its bastions, etc.; that is <i>razed</i> which is brought down smooth, and level to the ground. An ancient pillar is <i>overturned</i> or <i>overthrown</i> as the result of decay; as city is <i>destroyed</i> by an invasion of its enemies; a monument, the walls of a castle, a church, or any structure, real or imaginary, may be <i>demolished</i>; a fortress may be <i>dismantled</i> from motives of prudence, in order to render it defenseless; a city may be <i>razed</i> by way of punishment, and its ruins become a memorial of vengeance.</syn>

<h1>Demolisher</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mol"ish`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, demolishes; <as>as, a <ex>demolisher</ex> of towns</as>.</def>

<h1>Demolishment</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mol"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Demolition.</def>

<h1>Demolition</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>Dem`o*li"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>demolitio</ets>, fr. <ets>demoliri</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82molition</ets>. See <er>Demolish</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of overthrowing, pulling down, or destroying a pile or structure; destruction by violence; utter overthrow; -- opposed to <i>construction</i>; <as>as, the <ex>demolition</ex> of a house, of military works, of a town, or of hopes</as>.</def>

<h1>Demolitionist</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>Dem`o*li"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A demolisher.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Demon</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De"mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82mon</ets>, L. <ets>daemon</ets> a spirit, an evil spirit, fr. Gr. <?/ a divinity; of uncertain origin.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A spirit, or immaterial being, holding a middle place between men and deities in pagan mythology.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>demon</b> kind is of an in<?/<?/<?/mediate nature between the divine and the human.
<i>Sydenham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One's genius; a tutelary spirit or internal voice; <as>as, the <ex>demon</ex> of Socrates</as>.</def> <altsp>[Often written <asp>d\'91mon</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An evil spirit; a devil.</def>

<blockquote>That same <b>demon</b> that hath gulled thee thus.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demoness</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De"mon*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female demon.</def>

<h1>Demonetization</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mon`e*ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of demonetizing, or the condition of being demonetized.</def>

<h1>Demonetize</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mon"e*tize</hw> <tt>(?; see <er>Monetary</er>)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of current value; to withdraw from use, as money.</def>

<blockquote>They [gold mohurs] have been completely <b>demonetized</b> by the [East India] Company.
<i>R. Cobden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demoniac, Demoniacal</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw><hw>De*mo"ni*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dem`o*ni"a*cal</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>daemoniacus</ets>, fr. <ets>daemon</ets>; cf. F. <ets>d\'82moniaque</ets>. See <er>Demon</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or characteristic of, a demon or evil spirit; devilish; <as>as, a <ex>demoniac</ex> being; <ex>demoniacal</ex> practices.</as></def>

<blockquote>Sarcastic, <b>demoniacal</b> laughter.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Influenced or produced by a demon or evil spirit; <as>as, <ex>demoniac</ex> or <ex>demoniacal</ex> power</as>.</def> "<i>Demoniac</i> frenzy."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Demoniac</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mo"ni*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A human being possessed by a demon or evil spirit; one whose faculties are directly controlled by a demon.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>demoniac</b> in the gospel was sometimes cast into the fire.
<i>Bates.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of Anabaptists who maintain that the demons or devils will finally be saved.</def>

<h1>Demoniacally</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>Dem`o*ni"a*cal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a demoniacal manner.</def>

<h1>Demoniacism</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>Dem`o*ni"a*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being demoniac, or the practices of demoniacs.</def>

<h1>Demonial</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mo"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a demon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Demonian</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mo"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or having the nature of, a demon.</def> "<i>Demonian</i> spirits."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Demonianism</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mo"ni*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being possessed by a demon or by demons.</def>

<h1>Demoniasm</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mo"ni*asm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Demonianism</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Demonic</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mo"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>daemonicus</ets>, Gr. <grk>daimoniko`s</grk>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a demon or to demons; demoniac.</def> "<i>Demonic</i> ambushes."

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Demonism</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De"mon*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82monisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The belief in demons or false gods.</def>

<blockquote>The established theology of the heathen world . . . rested upon the basis of <b>demonism</b>.
<i>Farmer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demonist</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De"mon*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A believer in, or worshiper of, demons.</def>

<h1>Demonize</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De"mon*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Demonized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Demonizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>daemonizare</ets> to be possessed by a demon, Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To convert into a demon; to infuse the principles or fury of a demon into.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To control or possess by a demon.</def>

<h1>Demonocracy</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De`mon*oc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>dai`mwn</grk> demon + <grk>kra`tos</grk> strength: cf. F. <ets>d\'82monocratie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The power or government of demons.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>demonocracy</b> of unclean spirits.
<i>H. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demonographer</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De`mon*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Demon</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets> + <ets>-er</ets>.]</ety> <def>A demonologist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Am. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Demonolatry</h1>
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<hw>De`mon*ol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>dai`mwn</grk> demon + <grk>latrei`a</grk> worship, <?/ to serve, worship: cf. F. <ets>d\'82monol\'83trie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The worship of demons.</def>

<h1>Demonologer</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De`mon*ol"o*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in demonology.</def>

<i>R. North.</i>

<h1>Demonologic, Demonological</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw><hw>De`mon*o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>De`mon*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82monologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or Pertaining to demonology.</def>

<h1>Demonologist</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De`mon*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who writes on, or is versed in, demonology.</def>

<h1>Demonology</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De`mon*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Demon</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82monologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on demons; a supposititious science which treats of demons and their manifestations.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Demonomagy</h1>
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<hw>De`mon*om"a*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>dai`mwn</grk> demon +  magic.]</ety> <def>Magic in which the aid of demons is invoked; black or infernal magic.</def>

<i>Bp. Hurd.</i>

<h1>Demonomania</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mon`o*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Demon</ets> + <ets>mania</ets>.]</ety> <def>A form of madness in which the patient conceives himself possessed of devils.</def>

<h1>Demonomist</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mon"o*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One in subjection to a demon, or to demons.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Demonomy</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mon"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ demon + <?/ law.]</ety> <def>The dominion of demons.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Demonry</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De"mon*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Demoniacal influence or possession.</def>

<i>J. Baillie.</i>

<h1>Demonship</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De"mon*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of a demon.</def>

<i>Mede.</i>

<h1>Demonstrability</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mon`stra*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being demonstrable; demonstrableness.</def>

<h1>Demonstrable</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mon"stra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>demonstrabilis</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>demonstrable</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82montrable</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being demonstrated; that can be proved beyond doubt or question.</def>

<blockquote>The grand articles of our belief are as <b>demonstrable</b> as geometry.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Proved; apparent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Demonstrableness</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mon"stra*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being demonstrable; demonstrability.</def>

<h1>Demonstrably</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mon"stra*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a demonstrable manner; incontrovertibly; clearly.</def>

<blockquote>Cases that <b>demonstrably</b> concerned the public cause.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demonstrance</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mon"strance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>demonstrance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Demonstration; proof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Demonstrate</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>Dem"on*strate</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>demonstratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>demonstrare</ets> to demonstrate; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>monstrare</ets> to show. See <er>Monster</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To point out; to show; to exhibit; to make evident.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To show, or make evident, by reasoning or proof; to prove by deduction; to establish so as to exclude the possibility of doubt or denial.</def>

<blockquote>We can not <b>demonstrate</b> these things so as to show that the contrary often involves a contradiction.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>To exhibit and explain (a dissection or other anatomical preparation).</def>

<h1>Demonstrater</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>Dem"on*stra`ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Demonstrator</er>.</def>

<h1>Demonstration</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>Dem`on*stra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>demonstratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82monstration</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of demonstrating; an exhibition; proof; especially, proof beyond the possibility of doubt; indubitable evidence, to the senses or reason.</def>

<blockquote>Those intervening ideas which serve to show the agreement of any two others are called "proofs;" and where agreement or disagreement is by this means plainly and clearly perceived, it is called <b>demonstration</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An expression, as of the feelings, by outward signs; a manifestation; a show.</def>

<blockquote>Did your letters pierce the queen to any <b>demonstration</b> of grief?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Loyal <b>demonstrations</b> toward the prince.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The exhibition and explanation of a dissection or other anatomical preparation.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>(Mil.) a decisive exhibition of force, or a movement indicating an attack.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The act of proving by the syllogistic process, or the proof itself.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A course of reasoning showing that a certain result is a necessary consequence of assumed premises; -- these premises being definitions, axioms, and previously established propositions.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Direct</col>, &or; <col>Positive</col>, <col>demonstration</col></mcol> <fld>(Logic & Math.)</fld>, <cd>one in which the correct conclusion is the immediate sequence of reasoning from axiomatic or established premises;</cd> -- opposed to <mcol><col>Indirect</col>, &or; <col>Negative</col>, <col>demonstration</col></mcol> <cd>(called also <altname>reductio ad absurdum</altname>), in which the correct conclusion is an inference from the demonstration that any other hypothesis must be incorrect.</cd></cs>

<h1>Demonstrative</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mon"stra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82monstratif</ets>, L. <ets>demonstrativus</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the nature of demonstration; tending to demonstrate; making evident; exhibiting clearly or conclusively.</def> "<i>Demonstrative</i> figures."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>An argument necessary and <b>demonstrative</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressing, or apt to express, much; displaying feeling or sentiment; <as>as, her nature was <ex>demonstrative</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Consisting of eulogy or of invective.</def> "<i>Demonstrative</i> eloquence."

<i>Blair.</i>

<cs><col>Demonstrative pronoun</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>a pronoun distinctly designating that to which it refers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Demonstrative</h1>
<Xpage=389>

<hw>De*mon"stra*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A demonstrative pronoun; <as>as, "this" and "that" are <ex>demonstratives</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Demonstratively</h1>
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<hw>De*mon"stra*tive*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner fitted to demonstrate; clearly; convincingly; forcibly.</def>

<h1>Demonstrativeness</h1>
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<hw>De*mon"stra*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being demonstrative.</def>

<h1>Demonstrator</h1>
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<hw>Dem"on*stra`tor</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>d\'82monstrateur</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who demonstrates; one who proves anything with certainty, or establishes it by indubitable evidence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A teacher of practical anatomy.</def>

<h1>Demonstratory</h1>
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<hw>De*mon"stra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to demonstrate; demonstrative.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Demorage</h1>
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<hw>De*mor"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Demurrage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pepys (1663).</i>

<h1>Demoralization</h1>
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<hw>De*mor`al*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82moralisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of corrupting or subverting morals. Especially: The act of corrupting or subverting discipline, courage, hope, etc., or the state of being corrupted or subverted in discipline, courage, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>demoralization</ex> of an army or navy</as>.</def>

<h1>Demoralize</h1>
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<hw>De*mor"al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Demoralized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Demoralizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82moraliser</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets> or <ets>de</ets>) + <ets>moraliser</ets>. See <er>Moralize</er>.]</ety> <def>To corrupt or undermine in morals; to destroy or lessen the effect of moral principles on; to render corrupt or untrustworthy in morals, in discipline, in courage, spirit, etc.; to weaken in spirit or efficiency.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>demoralizing</b> example of profligate power and prosperous crime.
<i>Walsh.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The vices of the nobility had <b>demoralized</b> the army.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demosthenic</h1>
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<hw>Dem`os*then"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Demosthenicus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>D\'82mosth\'82nique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or in the style of, Demosthenes, the Grecian orator.</def>

<h1>Demotic</h1>
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<hw>De*mot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/  the people: cf. F. <ets>d\'82motique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the people; popular; common.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Demotic alphabet</col> &or; <col>character</col></mcol>, <cd>a form of writing used in Egypt after six or seven centuries before Christ, for books, deeds, and other such writings; a simplified form of the hieratic character; -- called also <altname>epistolographic character</altname>, and <altname>enchorial character</altname>. See <er>Enchorial</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Demount</h1>
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<hw>De*mount"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To dismount.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dempne</h1>
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<hw>Demp"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To damn; to condemn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dempster; 215, Demster</h1>
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<hw><hw>Demp"ster</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <hw>Dem"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Deemster</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A deemster.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(O. Scots Law)</fld> <def>An officer whose duty it was to announce the doom or sentence pronounced by the court.</def>

<h1>Demulce</h1>
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<hw>De*mulce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>demulcere</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>mulcere</ets> to stroke, soothe.]</ety> <def>To soothe; to mollify; to pacify; to soften.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Demulcent</h1>
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<hw>De*mul"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>demulcens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>demulcere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Softening; mollifying; soothing; assuasive; <as>as, oil is <ex>demulcent</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Demulcent</h1>
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<hw>De*mul"cent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A substance, usually of a mucilaginous or oily nature, supposed to be capable of soothing an inflamed nervous membrane, or protecting i<?/ from irritation. Gum Arabic, glycerin, olive oil, etc., are demulcents.</def>

<h1>Demulsion</h1>
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<hw>De*mul"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of soothing; that which soothes.</def>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Demur</h1>
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<hw>De*mur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Demurred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Demurring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>demurer</ets>, <ets>demorer</ets>, <ets>demourer</ets>, to linger, stay, F. <ets>demeurer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>demorari</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>morari</ets> to delay, tarry, stay, <ets>mora</ets> delay; prob. originally, time for thinking, reflection, and akin to <ets>memor</ets> mindful. See <er>Memory</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To linger; to stay; to tarry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Yet durst not <b>demur</b> nor abide upon the camp.
<i>Nicols.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To delay; to pause; to suspend proceedings or judgment in view of a doubt or difficulty; to hesitate; to put off the determination or conclusion of an affair.</def>

<blockquote>Upon this rub, the English embassadors thought fit to <b>demur</b>.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To scruple or object; to take exception; <as>as, I <ex>demur</ex> to that statement</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To interpose a demurrer. See <er>Demurrer</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Demur</h1>
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<hw>De*mur"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To suspend judgment concerning; to doubt of or hesitate about.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The latter I <b>demur</b>, for in their looks
Much reason, and in their actions, oft appears.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause delay to; to put off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He demands a fee,
And then <b>demurs</b> me with a vain delay.
<i>Quarles.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demur</h1>
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<hw>De*mur"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>demor</ets>, <ets>demore</ets>, stay, delay. See <er>Demur</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Stop; pause; hesitation as to proceeding; suspense of decision or action; scruple.</def>

<blockquote>All my <b>demurs</b> but double his attacks;
At last he whispers, "Do; and we go snacks."
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demure</h1>
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<hw>De*mure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Perh. from OF. <ets>de murs</ets> (i. e., <ets>de bonnes murs</ets> of good manners); <ets>de</ets> of + <ets>murs</ets>, <ets>mours</ets>, <ets>meurs</ets>, <ets>mors</ets>, F. <ets>m<?/urs</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mores</ets> (sing. <ets>mos</ets>) manners, morals (see <er>Moral</er>); or more prob. fr. OF. <ets>me\'81r</ets>, F. <ets>m\'96r</ets> mature, ripe (see <er>Mature</er>) in a phrase preceded by <ets>de</ets>, <ets>as de m\'96re conduite</ets> of mature conduct.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of sober or serious mien; composed and decorous in bearing; of modest look; staid; grave.</def>

<blockquote>Sober, steadfast, and <b>demure</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nan was very much delighted in her <b>demure</b> way, and that delight showed itself in her face and in her clear bright eyes.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affectedly modest, decorous, or serious; making a show of gravity.</def>

<blockquote>A cat lay, and looked so <b>demure</b>, as if there had been neither life nor soul in her.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Miss Lizzy, I have no doubt, would be as <b>demure</b> and coquettish, as if ten winters more had gone over her head.
<i>Miss Mitford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demure</h1>
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<hw>De*mure"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To look demurely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Demurely</h1>
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<hw>De*mure"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a demure manner; soberly; gravely; -- now, commonly, with a mere show of gravity or modesty.</def>

<blockquote>They . . . looked as <b>demurely</b> as they could; for 't was a hanging matter to laugh unseasonably.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="390">
Page 390<p>

<h1>Demureness</h1>
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<hw>De*mure"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being demure; gravity; the show of gravity or modesty.</def>

<h1>Demurity</h1>
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<hw>De*mur"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Demureness; also, one who is demure.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Demurrable</h1>
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<hw>De*mur"ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be demurred to.</def>

<i>Stormonth.</i>

<h1>Demurrage</h1>
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<hw>De*mur"rage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>demorage</ets> delay. See <er>Demur</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The detention of a vessel by the freighter beyond the time allowed in her charter party for loading, unloading, or sailing.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The allowance made to the master or owner of the ship for such delay or detention.</def>

<blockquote>The claim for <b>demurrage</b> ceases as soon as the ship is cleared out and ready for sailing.
<i>M\'bfCulloch.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The term is also applied to similar delays and allowances in land carriage, by wagons, railroads, etc.</note>

<h1>Demurral</h1>
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<hw>De*mur"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Demur; delay in acting or deciding.</def>

<blockquote>The same causes of <b>demurral</b> existed which prevented British troops from assisting in the expulsion of the French from Rome.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demurrer</h1>
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<hw>De*mur"rer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who demurs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A stop or pause by a party to an action, for the judgment of the court on the question, whether, assuming the truth of the matter alleged by the opposite party, it is sufficient in law to sustain the action or defense, and hence whether the party resting is bound to answer or proceed further.</def>

<cs><col>Demurrer to evidence</col>, <cd>an exception taken by a party to the evidence offered by the opposite party, and an objecting to proceed further, on the allegation that such evidence is not sufficient in law to maintain the issue, and a reference to the court to determine the point.</cd></cs>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Demy</h1>
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<hw>De*my"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Demies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Demi-</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A printing and a writing paper of particular sizes. See under <er>Paper</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A half fellow at Magdalen College, Oxford.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>demi</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>He was elected into Magdalen College as a <b>demy</b>; a term by which that society denominates those elsewhere called "scholars," young men who partake of the founder's benefaction, and succeed in their order to vacant fellowships.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Demy</h1>
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<hw>De*my"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or made of, the size of paper called <i>demy</i>; <as>as, a <ex>demy</ex> book</as>.</def>

<h1>Den</h1>
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<hw>Den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>denn</ets>; perh. akin to G. <ets>tenne</ets> floor, thrashing floor, and to AS. <ets>denu</ets> valley.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A small cavern or hollow place in the side of a hill, or among rocks; esp., a cave used by a wild beast for shelter or concealment; <as>as, a lion's <ex>den</ex>; a <ex>den</ex> of robbers.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A squalid place of resort; a wretched dwelling place; a haunt; <as>as, a <ex>den</ex> of vice</as>.</def> "Those squalid <i>dens</i>, which are the reproach of great capitals."

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any snug or close retreat where one goes to be alone.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[AS. <ets>denu</ets>.]</ety> <def>A narrow glen; a ravine; a dell.</def> <mark>[Old Eng. & Scotch]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Den</h1>
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<hw>Den</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To live in, or as in, a den.</def>

<blockquote>The sluggish salvages that <b>den</b> below.
<i>G. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Denarcotize</h1>
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<hw>De*nar"co*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of narcotine; <as>as, to <ex>denarcotize</ex> opium</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*nar`co*ti*za"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Denarius</h1>
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<hw>De*na"ri*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Denarii</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See 2d <er>Denier</er>.]</ety> <def>A Roman silver coin of the value of about fourteen cents; the "penny" of the New Testament; -- so called from being worth originally <i>ten</i> of the pieces called <i>as</i>.</def>

<h1>Denary</h1>
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<hw>Den"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>denarius</ets>. See 2d <er>Denier</er>.]</ety> <def>Containing ten; tenfold; proceeding by tens; <as>as, the <ex>denary</ex>, or decimal, scale</as>.</def>

<h1>Denary</h1>
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<hw>Den"a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The number ten; a division into ten.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A coin; the Anglicized form of <i>denarius</i>.</def>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Denationalization</h1>
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<hw>De*na`tion*al*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82nationalisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The or process of denationalizing.</def>

<h1>Denationalize</h1>
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<hw>De*na"tion*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Denationalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Denationalizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82nationaliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To divest or deprive of national character or rights.</def>

<blockquote>Bonaparte's decree <b>denationalizes</b>, as he calls it, all ships that have touched at a British port.
<i>Cobbett.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An expatriated, <b>denationalized</b> race.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Denaturalize</h1>
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<hw>De*nat"u*ral*ize</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Denaturalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Denaturalizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82naturaliser</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To render unnatural; to alienate from nature.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To renounce the natural rights and duties of; to deprive of citizenship; to denationalize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>They also claimed the privilege, when aggrieved, of <b>denaturalizing</b> themselves, or, in other words, of publicly renouncing their allegiance to their sovereign, and of enlisting under the banners of his enemy.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Denay</h1>
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<hw>De*nay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Deny</er>.]</ety> <def>To deny.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That with great rage he stoutly doth <b>denay</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Denay</h1>
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<hw>De*nay"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Denial; refusal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dendrachate</h1>
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<hw>Den"dra*chate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dendrachates</ets>; Gr. <?/ a tree + <?/ agate: cf. F. <ets>dendrachate</ets>, <ets>dendragate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Arborescent or dendritic agate.</def>

<h1>Dendriform</h1>
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<hw>Den"dri*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ tree + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling in structure a tree or shrub.</def>

<h1>Dendrite</h1>
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<hw>Den"drite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fem. <?/, of a tree, fr. <?/ a tree: cf. F. <ets>dendrite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A stone or mineral on or in which are branching figures resembling shrubs or trees, produced by a foreign mineral, usually an oxide of manganese, as in the moss agate; also, a crystallized mineral having an arborescent form, <i>e</i>. <i>g</i>., gold or silver; an arborization.</def>

<h1>Dendritic, Dendritical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Den*drit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Den*drit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a dendrite, or to arborescent crystallization; having a form resembling a shrub or tree; arborescent.</def>

<h1>Dendroc</la</h1>
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<hw>Den`dro*c<?/"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ tree + <?/ hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of the Turbellaria in which the digestive cavity gives off lateral branches, which are often divided into smaller branchlets.</def>

<h1>Dendroid, Dendroidal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Den"droid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Den*droid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ treelike; <?/ tree + <?/ form: cf. F. <ets>dendro\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling a shrub or tree in form; treelike.</def>

<h1>Dendrolite</h1>
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<hw>Den"dro*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ tree + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dendrolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A petrified or fossil shrub, plant, or part of a plant.</def>

<h1>Dendrologist</h1>
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<hw>Den*drol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in the natural history of trees.</def>

<h1>Dendrologous</h1>
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<hw>Den*drol"o*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to dendrology.</def>

<h1>Dendrology</h1>
<Xpage=390>

<hw>Den*drol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ tree + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dendrologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A discourse or treatise on trees; the natural history of trees.</def>

<h1>Dendrometer</h1>
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<hw>Den*drom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ tree + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dendrom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument to measure the height and diameter of trees.</def>

<h1>Denegate</h1>
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<hw>Den"e*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>denegatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>denegare</ets>. See <er>Deny</er>.]</ety> <def>To deny.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Denegation</h1>
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<hw>Den`e*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82n\'82gation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Denial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dengue</h1>
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<hw>Den"gue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See Note, below.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A specific epidemic disease attended with high fever, cutaneous eruption, and severe pains in the head and limbs, resembling those of rheumatism; -- called also <altname>breakbone fever</altname>. It occurs in India, Egypt, the West Indies, etc., is of short duration, and rarely fatal.</def>

<note>&hand; This disease, when it first appeared in the British West India Islands, was called the <i>dandy</i> fever, from the stiffness and constraint which it grave to the limbs and body. The Spaniards of the neighboring islands mistook the term for their word <i>dengue</i>, denoting prudery, which might also well express stiffness, and hence the term <i>dengue</i> became, as last, the name of the disease.

<i>Tully.</i>
</note>

<h1>Deniable</h1>
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<hw>De*ni"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Deny</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being, or liable to be, denied.</def>

<h1>Denial</h1>
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<hw>De*ni"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Deny</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of gainsaying, refusing, or disowning; negation; -- the contrary of <i>affirmation</i>.</def>

<blockquote>You ought to converse with so much sincerity that your bare affirmation or <b>denial</b> may be sufficient.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A refusal to admit the truth of a statement, charge, imputation, etc.; assertion of the untruth of a thing stated or maintained; a contradiction.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A refusal to grant; rejection of a request.</def>

<blockquote>The commissioners, . . . to obtain from the king's subjects as much as they would willingly give, . . . had not to complain of many peremptory <b>denials</b>.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A refusal to acknowledge; disclaimer of connection with; disavowal; -- the contrary of <i>confession</i>; <as>as, the <ex>denial</ex> of a fault charged on one; a <ex>denial</ex> of God.</as></def>

<cs><col>Denial of one's self</col>, <cd>a declining of some gratification; restraint of one's appetites or propensities; self-denial.</cd></cs>

<h1>Deniance</h1>
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<hw>De*ni"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Denial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<h1>Denier</h1>
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<hw>De*ni"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who denies; <as>as, a <ex>denier</ex> of a fact, or of the faith, or of Christ</as>.</def>

<h1>Denier</h1>
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<hw>De*nier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>denier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>denarius</ets> a Roman silver coin orig. equiv. to ten asses, later, a copper, fr. <ets>deni</ets> ten by ten, fr. the root of <ets>decem</ets> ten; akin to E. <ets>ten</ets>. See <er>Ten</er>, and cf. <er>Denary</er>, <er>Dinar</er>.]</ety> <def>A small copper coin of insignificant value.</def>

<blockquote>My dukedom to a beggarly <b>denier</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Denigrate</h1>
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<hw>Den"i*grate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>denigrare</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>nigrare</ets> to blacken, <ets>niger</ets> black.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To blacken thoroughly; to make very black.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To blacken or sully; to defame.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>denigrate</b> the memory of Voltaire.
<i>Morley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Denigration</h1>
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<hw>Den`i*gra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>denigratio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of making black.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: A blackening; defamation.</def>

<blockquote>The vigorous <b>denigration</b> of science.
<i>Morley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Denigrator</h1>
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<hw>Den"i*gra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, blackens.</def>

<h1>Denim</h1>
<Xpage=390>

<hw>Den"im</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>A coarse cotton drilling used for overalls, etc.</def>

<h1>Denitration</h1>
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<hw>Den`i*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>nitrate</ets>.]</ety> <def>A disengaging, or removal, of nitric acid.</def>

<h1>Denitrification</h1>
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<hw>De*ni`tri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of freeing from nitrogen; also, the condition resulting from the removal of nitrogen.</def>

<h1>Denitrify</h1>
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<hw>De*ni"tri*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>nitr</ets>ogen + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To deprive of, or free from, nitrogen.</def>

<h1>Denization</h1>
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<hw>Den`i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of making one a denizen or adopted citizen; naturalization.</def>

<i>Hallam.</i>

<h1>Denize</h1>
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<hw>De*nize"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a denizen; to confer the rights of citizenship upon; to naturalize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There was a private act made for <b>denizing</b> the children of Richard Hill<?/.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Denizen</h1>
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<hw>Den"i*zen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>denzein</ets>, <ets>deinzein</ets>, prop., one living (a city or country); opposed to <ets>forain</ets> foreign, and fr. <ets>denz</ets> within, F. <ets>dans</ets>, fr. L. <ets>de intus</ets>, prop., from within, <ets>intus</ets> being from <ets>in</ets> in. See <er>In</er>, and cf. <er>Foreign</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A dweller; an inhabitant.</def> "<i>Denizens</i> of air."

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote><b>Denizens</b> of their own free, independent state.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is admitted by favor to all or a part of the rights of citizenship, where he did not possess them by birth; an adopted or naturalized citizen.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One admitted to residence in a foreign country.</def>

<blockquote>Ye gods,
Natives, or <b>denizens</b>, of blest abodes.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Denizen</h1>
<Xpage=390>

<hw>Den"i*zen</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To constitute (one) a denizen; to admit to residence, with certain rights and privileges.</def>

<blockquote>As soon as <b>denizened</b>, they domineer.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To provide with denizens; to populate with adopted or naturalized occupants.</def>

<blockquote>There [islets] were at once <b>denizened</b> by various weeds.
<i>J. D. Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Denizenation</h1>
<Xpage=390>

<hw>Den`i*zen*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Denization; denizening.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Denizenize</h1>
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<hw>Den"i*zen*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To constitute (one) a denizen; to denizen.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Denizenship</h1>
<Xpage=390>

<hw>Den"i*zen*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being a denizen.</def>

<h1>Denmark satin</h1>
<Xpage=390>

<hw>Den"mark sat"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Satin</er>.</def>

<h1>Dennet</h1>
<Xpage=390>

<hw>Den"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A light, open, two-wheeled carriage for one horse; a kind of gig. ("The term and vehicle common about 1825." <i>Latham</i>.)</def>

<h1>Denominable</h1>
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<hw>De*nom"i*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being denominated or named.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Denominate</h1>
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<hw>De*nom"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Denominated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Denominating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>denominatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>denominare</ets> to name; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>nominare</ets> to call by name. See <er>Nominate</er>.]</ety> <def>To give a name to; to characterize by an epithet; to entitle; to name; to designate.</def>

<blockquote>Passions commonly <b>denominating</b> selfish.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Denominate</h1>
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<hw>De*nom"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>denominatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Having a specific name or denomination; specified in the concrete as opposed to abstract; thus, 7 <i>feet</i> is a <i>denominate</i> quantity, while 7 is mere abstract quantity or number. See <cref>Compound number</cref>, under <er>Compound</er>.</def>

<h1>Denomination</h1>
<Xpage=390>

<hw>De*nom`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>denominatio</ets> metonymy: cf. F. <ets>d\'82nomination</ets> a naming.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of naming or designating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That by which anything is denominated or styled; an epithet; a name, designation, or title; especially, a general name indicating a class of like individuals; a category; <as>as, the <ex>denomination</ex> of units, or of thousands, or of fourths, or of shillings, or of tons</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Those [qualities] which are classed under the <b>denomination</b> of sublime.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A class, or society of individuals, called by the same name; a sect; <as>as, a <ex>denomination</ex> of Christians</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Name; appellation; title. See <er>Name</er>.</syn>

<h1>Denominational</h1>
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<hw>De*nom`i*na"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a denomination, especially to a sect or society.</def> "<i>Denominational</i> differences."

<i>Buckle.</i>

<h1>Denominationalism</h1>
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<hw>De*nom`i*na"tion*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A denominational or class spirit or policy; devotion to the interests of a sect or denomination.</def>

<h1>Denominationalist</h1>
<Xpage=390>

<hw>De*nom`i*na"tion*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One imbued with a denominational spirit.</def>

<i>The Century.</i>

<h1>Denominationally</h1>
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<hw>De*nom`i*na"tion*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a denominational manner; by denomination or sect.</def>

<h1>Denominative</h1>
<Xpage=390>

<hw>De*nom`i*na"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82nominatif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Conferring a denomination or name.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Connotative; <as>as, a <ex>denominative</ex> name</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Possessing, or capable of possessing, a distinct denomination or designation; denominable.</def>

<blockquote>The least <b>denominative</b> part of time is a minute.
<i>Cocker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Derived from a substantive or an adjective; <as>as, a <ex>denominative</ex> verb</as>.</def>

<h1>Denominative</h1>
<Xpage=390>

<hw>De*nom`i*na"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A denominative name or term; denominative verb.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor. Harkness.</i>

<h1>Denominatively</h1>
<Xpage=390>

<hw>De*nom`i*na"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By denomination.</def>

<h1>Denominator</h1>
<Xpage=390>

<hw>De*nom"i*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82nominateur</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, gives a name; origin or source of a name.</def>

<blockquote>This opinion that Aram . . . was the father and <b>denomination</b> of the Syrians in general.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>That number placed below the line in vulgar fractions which shows into how many parts the integer or unit is divided.</def>

<note>&hand; Thus, in <frac35/, 5 is the <i>denominator</i>, showing that the integer is divided into five parts; and the numerator, 3, shows how many parts are taken.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>That part of any expression under a fractional form which is situated below the horizontal line signifying division.</def>

<note>&hand; In this sense, the <i>denominator</i> is not necessarily a number, but may be any expression, either positive or negative, real or imaginary.</note>

<i>Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. )</i>

<h1>Denotable</h1>
<Xpage=390>

<hw>De*not"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Denote</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being denoted or marked.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Denotate</h1>
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<hw>De*no"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>denotatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>denotare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To mark off; to denote.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>These terms <b>denotate</b> a longer time.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What things should be <b>denotated</b> and signified by the color.
<i>Urquhart.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Denotation</h1>
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<hw>De`no*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>denotatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82notation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The marking off or separation of anything.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Denotative</h1>
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<hw>De*not"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power to denote; designating or marking off.</def>

<blockquote>Proper names are pre\'89minently <b>denotative</b>; telling us that such as object has such a term to denote it, but telling us nothing as to any single attribute.
<i>Latham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Denote</h1>
<Xpage=390>

<hw>De*note"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Denoted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Denoting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>denotare</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>notare</ets> to mark, <ets>nota</ets> mark, sign, note: cf. F. <ets>d\'82noter</ets>. See <er>Note</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To mark out plainly; to signify by a visible sign; to serve as the sign or name of; to indicate; to point out; <as>as, the hands of the clock <ex>denote</ex> the hour</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The better to <b>denote</b> her to the doctor.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be the sign of; to betoken; to signify; to mean.</def>

<blockquote>A general expression to <b>denote</b> wickedness of every sort.
<i>Gilpin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Denotement</h1>
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<hw>De*note"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sign; indication.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<note>&hand; A word found in some editions of Shakespeare.</note>

<h1>Denotive</h1>
<Xpage=390>

<hw>De*not"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to denote.</def>

<h1>D\'82nouement</h1>
<Xpage=390>

<hw>D\'82`noue`ment"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82nouement</ets>, fr. <ets>d\'82nouer</ets> to untie; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>nouer</ets> to tie, fr. L. <ets>nodus</ets> knot, perh. for <ets>gnodus</ets> and akin to E. <ets>knot</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The unraveling or discovery of a plot; the catastrophe, especially of a drama or a romance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The solution of a mystery; issue; outcome.</def>

<hr>
<page="391">
Page 391<p>

<h1>Denounce</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*nounce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Denounced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Denouncing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.  <ets>d\'82noncer</ets>, OF. <ets>denoncier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>denuntiare</ets>, <ets>denunciare</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>nunciare</ets>, <ets>nuntiare</ets>, to announce, report, <ets>nuntius</ets> a messenger, message. See <er>Nuncio</er>, and cf. <er>Denunciate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make known in a solemn or official manner; to declare; to proclaim (especially an evil).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Denouncing</b> wrath to come.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>denounce</b> unto you this day, that ye shall surely perish.
<i>Deut. xxx. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To proclaim in a threatening manner; to threaten by some outward sign or expression.</def>

<blockquote>His look <b>denounced</b> desperate.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To point out as deserving of reprehension or punishment, etc.; to accuse in a threatening manner; to invoke censure upon; to stigmatize.</def>

<blockquote><b>Denounced</b> for a heretic.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>denounce</b> the immoralities of Julius C\'91sar.
<i>Brougham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Denouncement</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*nounce"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>denoncement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Solemn, official, or menacing announcement; denunciation.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>False is the reply of Cain, upon the <b>denouncement</b> of his curse.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Denouncer</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*noun"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who denounces, or declares, as a menace.</def>

<blockquote>Here comes the sad <b>denouncer</b> of my fate.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dense</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Dense</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>densus</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/  thick with hair or leaves: cf. F. <ets>dense</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the constituent parts massed or crowded together; close; compact; thick; containing much matter in a small space; heavy; opaque; <as>as, a <ex>dense</ex> crowd; a <ex>dense</ex> forest; a <ex>dense</ex> fog.</as></def>

<blockquote>All sorts of bodies, firm and fluid, <b>dense</b> and rare.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To replace the cloudy barrier <b>dense</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Stupid; gross; crass; <as>as, <ex>dense</ex> ignorance</as>.</def>

<h1>Densely</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Dense"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dense, compact manner.</def>

<h1>Denseless</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Dense"less</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being dense; density.</def>

<h1>Densimeter</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den*sim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>densus</ets> dense + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>densim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for ascertaining the specific gravity or density of a substance.</def>

<h1>Density</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"si*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>densitas</ets>; cf. F. <ets>densit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being dense, close, or thick; compactness; -- opposed to <i>rarity</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The ratio of mass, or quantity of matter, to bulk or volume, esp. as compared with the mass and volume of a portion of some substance used as a standard.</def>

<note>&hand; For gases the standard substance is hydrogen, at a temperature of 0&deg; Centigrade and a pressure of 760 millimeters. For liquids and solids the standard is water at a temperature of 4&deg; Centigrade. The density of solids and liquids is usually called <i>specific gravity</i>, and the same is true of gases when referred to air as a standard.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>Depth of shade.</def>

<i>Abney.</i>

<h1>Dent</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A variant of <er>Dint</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A stroke; a blow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "That <i>dent</i> of thunder."
<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A slight depression, or small notch or hollow, made by a blow or by pressure; an indentation.</def>

<blockquote>A blow that would have made a <b>dent</b> in a pound of butter.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dent</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Dent</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Denting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a dent upon; to indent.</def>

<blockquote>The houses <b>dented</b> with bullets.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dent</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Dent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth. See <er>Tooth</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A tooth, as of a card, a gear wheel, etc.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Dental</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth: cf. F. <ets>dental</ets>. See <er>Tooth</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the teeth or to dentistry; <as>as, <ex>dental</ex> surgery</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>Formed by the aid of the teeth; -- said of certain articulations and the letters representing them; <as>as, <ex>d t</ex> are <ex>dental</ex> letters</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Dental formula</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a brief notation used by zo\'94logists to denote the number and kind of teeth of a mammal.</cd> -- <col>Dental surgeon</col>, <cd>a dentist.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dental</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"tal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dentale</ets>. See <er>Dental</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An articulation or letter formed by the aid of the teeth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine mollusk of the genus <spn>Dentalium</spn>, with a curved conical shell resembling a tooth. See <er>Dentalium</er>.</def>

<h1>Dentalism</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"tal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being formed by the aid of the teeth.</def>

<h1>Dentalium</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den*ta"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine mollusks belonging to the Scaphopoda, having a tubular conical shell.</def>

<h1>Dentary</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or bearing, teeth.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>The distal bone of the lower jaw in many animals, which may or may not bear teeth.</def></def2>

<h1>Dentate, Dentated</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw><hw>Den"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Den"ta*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dentatus</ets>, fr. <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Toothed; especially, with the teeth projecting straight out, not pointed either forward or backward; <as>as, a <ex>dentate</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having teeth or toothlike points. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Antenn\'91</er>.</def>

<h1>Dentate-ciliate</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"tate-cil"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the margin dentate and also ciliate or fringed with hairs.</def>

<h1>Dentately</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"tate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dentate or toothed manner; <as>as, <ex>dentately</ex> ciliated, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Dentate-sinuate</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"tate-sin"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a form intermediate between dentate and sinuate.</def>

<h1>Dentation</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Formation of teeth; toothed form.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>How did it [a bill] get its barb, its <b>dentation</b>?
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dented</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Dent"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Dent</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Indented; impressed with little hollows.</def>

<h1>Dentel</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Dent"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Dentil</er>.</def>

<h1>Dentelle</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den*telle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld> <def>An ornamental tooling like lace.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Dentelli</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den*tel"li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[It., sing. <ets>dentello</ets>, prop., little tooth, dim. of <ets>dente</ets> tooth, L. <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>. Cf. <er>Dentil</er>.]</ety> <def>Modillions.</def>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<h1>Dentex</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"tex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., cf. L. <ets>dentix</ets> a sort of sea fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An edible European marine fish (<spn>Sparus dentex</spn>, or <spn>Dentex vulgaris</spn>) of the family <spn>Percid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Denticete</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den`ti*ce"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth + <ets>cetus</ets>, pl. <ets>cete</ets>, whale, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of Cetacea in which the teeth are developed, including the sperm whale, dolphins, etc.</def>

<h1>Denticle</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"ti*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>denticulus</ets> a little tooth, dim. of <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth. See <er>Dental</er>, and cf. <er>Dentelli</er>.]</ety> <def>A small tooth or projecting point.</def>

<h1>Denticulate, Denticulated</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw><hw>Den*tic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Den*tic"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>denticulatus</ets>, fr. <ets>denticulus</ets>. See <er>Denticle</er>.]</ety> <def>Furnished with denticles; notched into little toothlike projections; <as>as, a <ex>denticulate</ex> leaf of calyx</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Den*tic"u*late*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Denticulation</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den*tic`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being set with small notches or teeth.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A diminutive tooth; a denticle.</def>

<h1>Dentiferous</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing teeth; dentigerous.</def>

<h1>Dentiform</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"ti*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dentiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a tooth or of teeth; tooth-shaped.</def>

<h1>Dentifrice</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"ti*frice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dentifricium</ets>; <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth + <ets>fricare</ets> to rub: cf. F. <ets>dentifrice</ets>. See <er>Tooth</er>, and <er>Friction</er>.]</ety> <def>A powder or other substance to be used in cleaning the teeth; tooth powder.</def>

<h1>Dentigerous</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den*tig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth + <ets>-gerous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing teeth or toothlike structures.</def>

<h1>Dentil</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"til</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>dentillus</ets>, for L. <ets>denticulus</ets>. Cf. <er>Dentelli</er>, <er>Denticle</er>, <er>Dentile</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small square block or projection in cornices, a number of which are ranged in an ornamental band; -- used particularly in the Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite orders.</def>

<h1>Dentilabial</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den`ti*la"bi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed by the teeth and the lips, or representing a sound so formed.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A dentilabial sound or letter.</def></def2>

<h1>Dentilated</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"ti*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Toothed.</def>

<h1>Dentilation</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den`ti*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dentition.</def>

<h1>Dentilave</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"ti*lave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth + <ets>lavare</ets> to wash.]</ety> <def>A wash for cleaning the teeth.</def>

<h1>Dentile</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>dentillus</ets>, for L. <ets>denticulus</ets>. See <er>Dentil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small tooth, like that of a saw.</def>

<h1>Dentilingual</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den`ti*lin"gual</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dens</ets> tooth + E. <ets>lingual</ets>.]</ety> <def>Produced by applying the tongue to the teeth or to the gums; or representing a sound so formed.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A dentilingual sound or letter.</def></def2>

<blockquote>The letters of this fourth, <b>dentilingual</b> or linguidental, class, viz., d, t, s, z, l, r.
<i>Am. Cyc.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dentiloquist</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den*til"o*quist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who speaks through the teeth, that is, with the teeth closed.</def>

<h1>Dentiloquy</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den*til"o*quy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth + <ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>The habit or practice of speaking through the teeth, or with them closed.</def>

<h1>Dential</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"ti*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to dentine.</def>

<h1>Dentine</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dentine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The dense calcified substance of which teeth are largely composed. It contains less animal matter than bone, and in the teeth of man is situated beneath the enamel.</def>

<h1>Dentiphone</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"ti*phone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth + Gr. <?/ sound.]</ety> <def>An instrument which, placed against the teeth, conveys sound to the auditory nerve; an audiphone.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Dentiroster</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den`ti*ros"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dentirostres</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth + <ets>rostrum</ets> bill, beak: cf. F. <ets>dentirostre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dentirostral bird.</def>

<h1>Dentirostral</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den`ti*ros"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a toothed bill; -- applied to a group of passerine birds, having the bill notched, and feeding chiefly on insects, as the shrikes and vireos. See <i>Illust</i>. (<i>N</i>) under <er>Beak</er>.</def>

<h1>Dentirostrate</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den`ti*ros"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dentirostral.</def>

<h1>Dentiscalp</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"ti*scalp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dens</ets> tooth + <ets>scalpere</ets> to scrape.]</ety> <def>An instrument for scraping the teeth.</def>

<h1>Dentist</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth: cf. F. <ets>dentiste</ets>. See <er>Tooth</er>.]</ety> <def>One whose business it is to clean, extract, or repair natural teeth, and to make and insert artificial ones; a dental surgeon.</def>

<h1>Dentistic, Dentistical</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw><hw>Den*tis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Den*tis"ti*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to dentistry or to dentists.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dentistry</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"tist*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or profession of a dentist; dental surgery.</def>

<h1>Dentition</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den*ti"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dentitio</ets>, fr. <ets>dentire</ets> to cut teeth, fr. <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth. See <er>Dentist</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The development and cutting of teeth; teething.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The system of teeth peculiar to an animal.</def>

<h1>Dentize</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dentized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dentizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth.]</ety> <def>To breed or cut new teeth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The old countess . . . did <b>dentize</b> twice or thrice.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dentoid</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like a tooth; tooth-shaped.</def>

<h1>Dentolingual</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den`to*lin"gual</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dentilingual.</def>

<h1>Denture</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth: cf. F. <ets>denture</ets>, OF. <ets>denteure</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Dentistry)</fld> <def>An artificial tooth, block, or set of teeth.</def>

<h1>Denudate</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*nud"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>denudatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>denudare</ets>. See <er>Denude</er>.]</ety> <def>To denude.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<h1>Denudation</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>Den`u*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>denudatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82nudation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of stripping off covering, or removing the surface; a making bare.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The laying bare of rocks by the washing away of the overlying earth, etc.; or the excavation and removal of them by the action of running water.</def>

<h1>Denude</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*nude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>denudare</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>nudare</ets> to make naked or bare, <ets>nudus</ets> naked. See <er>Nude</er>.]</ety> <def>To divest of all covering; to make bare or naked; to strip; to divest; <as>as, to <ex>denude</ex> one of clothing, or lands</as>.</def>

<h1>Denunciate</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*nun"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>denuntiatus</ets>, <ets>denunciatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>denuntiare</ets>, <ets>-ciare</ets>. See <er>Denounce</er>.]</ety> <def>To denounce; to condemn publicly or solemnly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>denunciate</b> this new work.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Denunciation</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*nun`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>denuntiatio</ets>, <ets>-ciatio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Proclamation; announcement; a publishing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Public . . . <b>denunciation</b> of banns before marriage.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of denouncing; public menace or accusation; the act of inveighing against, stigmatizing, or publicly arraigning; arraignment.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That by which anything is denounced; threat of evil; public menace or accusation; arraignment.</def>

<blockquote>Uttering bold <b>denunciations</b> of ecclesiastical error.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Denunciative</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*nun"ci*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>denuntiativus</ets>, <ets>-ciativus</ets>, monitory.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Denunciatory</er>.</def>

<i>Farrar.</i>

<h1>Denunciator</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*nun"ci*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>denuntiator</ets>, <ets>-ciator</ets>, a police officer.]</ety> <def>One who denounces, publishes, or proclaims, especially intended or coming evil; one who threatens or accuses.</def>

<h1>Denunciatory</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*nun"ci*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by or containing a denunciation; minatory; accusing; threatening; <as>as, severe and <ex>denunciatory</ex> language</as>.</def>

<h1>Denutrition</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De`nu*tri"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The opposition of nutrition; the failure of nutrition causing the breaking down of tissue.</def>

<h1>Deny</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*ny"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Denied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Denying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>denien</ets>, <ets>denaien</ets>, OF. <ets>denier</ets>, <ets>deneer</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82nier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>denegare</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>negare</ets> to say no, deny. See <er>Negation</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To declare not to be true; to gainsay; to contradict; -- opposed to <i>affirm</i>, <i>allow</i>, or <i>admit</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; We <i>deny</i> what another says, or we <i>deny</i> the truth of an assertion, the force of it, or the assertion itself.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To refuse (to do something or to accept something); to reject; to decline; to renounce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "If you <i>deny</i> to dance."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To refuse to grant; to withhold; to refuse to gratify or yield to; <as>as, to <ex>deny</ex> a request</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Who finds not Providence all good and wise,
Alike in what it gives, and what <b>denies</b>?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To some men, it is more agreeable to <b>deny</b> a vicious inclination, than to gratify it.
<i>J. Edwards.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To disclaim connection with, responsibility for, and the like; to refuse to acknowledge; to disown; to abjure; to disavow.</def>

<blockquote>The falsehood of <b>denying</b> his opinion.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou thrice <b>denied</b>, yet thrice beloved.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To deny one's self</col>, <cd>to decline the gratification of appetites or desires; to practice self-denial.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Let him <b>deny</b> himself, and take up his cross.
<i>Matt. xvi. 24.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deny</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*ny"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To answer in <?/<?/<?/ negative; to declare an assertion not to be true.</def>

<blockquote>Then Sarah <b>denied</b>, saying, I laughed not; for she was afraid.
<i>Gen. xviii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Denyingly</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*ny"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of one denies a request.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Deobstruct</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De`ob*struct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To remove obstructions or impediments in; to clear from anything that hinders the passage of fluids; <as>as, to <ex>deobstruct</ex> the pores or lacteals</as>.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Deobstruent</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*ob"stru*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Removing obstructions; having power to clear or open the natural ducts of the fluids and secretions of the body; aperient.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> <fld>(Med.)</fld> A medicine which removes obstructions; an aperient.</def></def2>

<h1>Deodand</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De"o*dand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>deodandum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>Deo dandum</ets> to be given to God.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A personal chattel which had caused the death of a person, and for that reason was given to God, that is, forfeited to the crown, to be applied to pious uses, and distributed in alms by the high almoner. Thus, if a cart ran over a man and killed him, it was forfeited as a <i>deodand</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Deodands</i> are unknown in American law, and in 1846 were abolished in England.</note>

<h1>Deodar</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De`o*dar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name, fr. Skr. <ets>d<?/<?/ad\'beru</ets>, prop., timber of the gods.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of cedar (<spn>Cedrus Deodara</spn>), growing in India, highly valued for its size and beauty as well as for its timber, and also grown in England as an ornamental tree.</def>

<h1>Deodate</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De"o*date`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Deo</ets> to God (<ets>Deus</ets> God) + <ets>datum</ets> thing given.]</ety> <def>A gift or offering to God.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Wherein that blessed widow's <b>deodate</b> was laid up.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deodorant</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*o"dor*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A deodorizer.</def>

<h1>Deodorization</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*o`dor*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of depriving of odor, especially of offensive odors resulting from impurities.</def>

<h1>Deodorize</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*o"dor*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of odor, especially of such as results from impurities.</def>

<h1>Deodorizer</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*o"dor*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>He who, or that which, deodorizes; esp., an agent that destroys offensive odors.</def>

<h1>Deonerate</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*on"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deoneratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deonerare</ets>. See <er>Onerate</er>.]</ety> <def>To unload; to disburden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Deontological</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*on`to*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to deontology.</def>

<h1>Deontologist</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De`on*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in deontology.</def>

<h1>Deontology</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De`on*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ gen. <?/, necessity, obligation (p. neut. of <?/ it is necessary) + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science relat<?/ to duty or moral obligation.</def>

<i>J. Bentham.</i>

<h1>Deoperculate</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De`o*per"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the lid removed; -- said of the capsules of mosses.</def>

<h1>Deoppilate</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*op"pi*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To free from obstructions; to clear a passage through.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Deoppilation</h1>
<Xpage=391>

<hw>De*op`pi*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Removal of whatever stops up the passages.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<hr>
<page="392">
Page 392<p>

<h1>Deoppilative</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*op"pi*la*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Deobstruent; aperient.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Deordination</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*or`di*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>deordinatio</ets> depraved morality.]</ety> <def>Disorder; dissoluteness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Excess of ri<?/t and <b>deordination</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deosculate</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*os"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deosculatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deosculari</ets>. See <er>Osculate</er>.]</ety> <def>To kiss warmly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>De*os`cu*la"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Deoxidate</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*ox"i*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To deoxidize.</def>

<h1>Deoxidation</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*ox`i*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process of reducing from the state of an oxide.</def>

<h1>Deoxidization</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*ox`i*di*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Deoxidation.</def>

<h1>Deoxidize</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*ox"i*dize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To deprive of oxygen; to reduce from the state of an oxide.</def>

<h1>Deoxidizer</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*ox"i*di`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>That which removes oxygen; hence, a reducing agent; <as>as, nascent hydrogen is a <ex>deoxidizer</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Deoxygenate</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*ox"y*gen*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To deoxidize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Deoxygenation</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*ox`y*gen*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or operation of depriving of oxygen.</def>

<h1>Deoxygenize</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*ox"y*gen*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To deoxidize.</def>

<h1>Depaint</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*paint"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82peint</ets>, p. p. of <ets>d\'82peindre</ets> to paint, fr. L. <ets>depingere</ets>. See <er>Depict</er>, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>p</ets>.]</ety> <def>Painted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Depaint</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*paint"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Depainted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Depainting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To paint; to picture; hence, to describe; to delineate in words; to depict.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And do unwilling worship to the saint
That on his shield <b>depainted</b> he did see.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In few words shall see the nature of many memorable persons . . . <b>depainted</b>.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mark with, or as with, color; to color.</def>

<blockquote>Silver drops her vermeil cheeks <b>depaint</b>.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depainter</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*paint"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who depaints.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Depardieux</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*par"dieux`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[OF., a corruption of <ets>de part Dieu</ets>, lit., on the part of God.]</ety> <def>In God's name; certainly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Depart</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*part"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Departed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Departing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>departen</ets> to divide, part, depart, F. <ets>d\'82partir</ets> to divide, distribute, <ets>se d\'82partir</ets> to separate one's self, depart; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>de</ets>) +  <ets>partir</ets> to part, depart, fr. L. <ets>partire</ets>, <ets>partiri</ets>, to divide, fr. <ets>pars</ets> part. See <er>Part</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To part; to divide; to separate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To go forth or away; to quit, leave, or separate, as from a place or a person; to withdraw; -- opposed to <i>arrive</i>; -- often with <i>from</i> before the place, person, or thing left, and <i>for</i> or <i>to</i> before the destination.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>depart</b> to mine own land.
<i>Num. x. 30.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ere thou from hence <b>depart</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He which hath no stomach to this fight,
Let him <b>depart</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To forsake; to abandon; to desist or deviate (<i>from</i>); not to adhere to; -- with <i>from</i>; <as>as, we can not <ex>depart</ex> from our rules; to <ex>depart</ex> from a title or defense in legal pleading.</as></def>

<blockquote>If the plan of the convention be found to <b>depart</b> from republican principles.
<i>Madison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To pass away; to perish.</def>

<blockquote>The glory is <b>departed</b> from Israel.
<i>1 Sam. iv. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To quit this world; to die.</def>

<blockquote>Lord, now lettest thou thy servant <b>depart</b> in peace.
<i>Luke ii. 29.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To depart with</col>, <cd>to resign; to part with. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Depart</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*part"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To part thoroughly; to dispart; to divide; to separate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Till death <b>departed</b> them, this life they lead.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To divide in order to share; to apportion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And here is gold, and that full great plentee,
That shall <b>departed</b> been among us three.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To leave; to depart from.</def> "He <i>departed</i> this life." <i>Addison</i>. "Ere I <i>depart</i> his house."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Depart</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*part"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82part</ets>, fr. <ets>d\'82partir</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Division; separation, as of compound substances into their ingredients.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The chymists have a liquor called water of <b>depart</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A going away; departure; hence, death.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>At my <b>depart</b> for France.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Your loss and his <b>depart</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Departable</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*part"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Divisible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Departer</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*part"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who refines metals by separation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who departs.</def>

<h1>Department</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*part"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82partement</ets>, fr. <ets>d\'82partir</ets>. See <er>Depart</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of departing; departure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sudden <b>departments</b> from one extreme to another.
<i>Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A part, portion, or subdivision.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A distinct course of life, action, study, or the like; appointed sphere or walk; province.</def>

<blockquote>Superior to Pope in Pope's own peculiar <b>department</b> of literature.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Subdivision of business or official duty; especially, one of the principal divisions of executive government; <as>as, the treasury <ex>department</ex>; the war <i>department</i>; also, in a university, one of the divisions of instructions; <as>as, the medical <ex>department</ex></as>; the <ex>department</ex> of physics.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A territorial division; a district; esp., in France, one of the districts composed of several arrondissements into which the country is divided for governmental purposes; <as>as, the <ex>Department</ex> of the Loire</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A military subdivision of a country; <as>as, the <ex>Department</ex> of the Potomac</as>.</def>

<h1>Departmental</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De`part*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a department or division.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Departure</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*par"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Depart</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Division; separation; putting away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>No other remedy . . . but absolute <b>departure</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Separation or removal from a place; the act or process of departing or going away.</def>

<blockquote><b>Departure</b> from this happy place.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Removal from the present life; death; decease.</def>

<blockquote>The time of my <b>departure</b> is at hand.
<i>2 Tim. iv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His timely <b>departure</b> . . . barred him from the knowledge of his son's miseries.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Deviation or abandonment, as from or of a rule or course of action, a plan, or a purpose.</def>

<blockquote>Any <b>departure</b> from a national standard.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The desertion by a party to any pleading of the ground taken by him in his last antecedent pleading, and the adoption of another.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Nav. & Surv.)</fld> <def>The distance due east or west which a person or ship passes over in going along an oblique line.</def>

<note>&hand; Since the meridians sensibly converge, the departure in navigation is not measured from the beginning nor from the end of the ship's course, but is regarded as the total easting or westing made by the ship or person as he travels over the course.</note>

<cs><col>To take a departure</col> <fld>(Nav. & Surv.)</fld>, <cd>to ascertain, usually by taking bearings from a landmark, the position of a vessel at the beginning of a voyage as a point from which to begin her dead reckoning; as, the ship <i>took her departure<i> from Sandy Hook.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Death; demise; release. See <er>Death</er>.</syn>

<h1>Depascent</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*pas"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>depascens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>depascere</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>pascere</ets> to feed.]</ety> <def>Feeding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Depasture</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*pas"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To pasture; to feed; to graze; also, to use for pasture.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Cattle, to graze and <b>departure</b> in his grounds.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A right to cut wood upon or <b>departure</b> land.
<i>Washburn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depatriate</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*pa"tri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>patria</ets> one's country.]</ety> <def>To withdraw, or cause to withdraw, from one's country; to banish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A subject born in any state
May, if he please, <b>depatriate</b>.
<i>Mason.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depauperate</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*pau"per*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Depauperated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Depauperating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>depauperatus</ets>, p. p. <ets>depauperare</ets> to impoverish; L. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>pauperare</ets> to make poor, <ets>pauper</ets> poor.]</ety> <def>To make poor; to impoverish.</def>

<blockquote>Liming does not <b>depauperate</b>; the ground will last long, and bear large grain.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Humility of mind which <b>depauperates</b> the spirit.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depauperate</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*pau"per*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>depauperatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Falling short of the natural size, from being impoverished or starved.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Depauperize</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*pau"per*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To free from paupers; to rescue from poverty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Depeach</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*peach"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>d\'82p\'88cher</ets>. See <er>Dispatch</er>.]</ety> <def>To discharge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>As soon as the party . . . before our justices shall be <b>depeached</b>.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depectible</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*pec"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>depectere</ets> to comb off; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>pectere</ets> to comb.]</ety> <def>Tough; thick; capable of extension.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some bodies are of a more <b>depectible</b> nature than oil.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depeculation</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*pec`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>depeculari</ets>, p. p. <ets>depeculatus</ets>, to rob. See <er>Peculate</er>.]</ety> <def>A robbing or embezzlement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Depeculation</b> of the public treasure.
<i>Hobbes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depeinct</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*peinct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Depaint</er>.]</ety> <def>To paint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Depend</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*pend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Depended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Depending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82pendre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>depend<?/re</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>pend<?/re</ets> to hang. See <er>Pendant</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To hang down; to be sustained by being fastened or attached to something above.</def>

<blockquote>And ever-living lamps <b>depend</b> in rows.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hang in suspense; to be pending; to be undetermined or undecided; <as>as, a cause <ex>depending</ex> in court</as>.</def>

<blockquote>You will not think it unnatural that those who have an object <b>depending</b>, which strongly engages their hopes and fears, should be somewhat inclined to superstition.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To rely for support; to be conditioned or contingent; to be connected with anything, as a cause of existence, or as a necessary condition; -- followed by <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>, formerly by <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The truth of God's word <b>dependeth</b> not of the truth of the congregation.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The conclusion . . . that our happiness <b>depends</b> little on political institutions, and much on the temper and regulation of our own minds.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Heaven forming each on other to <b>depend</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To trust; to rest with confidence; to rely; to confide; to be certain; -- with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>; <as>as, we <ex>depend</ex> on the word or assurance of our friends; we <ex>depend</ex> on the mail at the usual hour.</as></def>

<blockquote>But if you 're rough, and use him like a dog,
<b>Depend</b> upon it -- he 'll remain incog.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To serve; to attend; to act as a dependent or retainer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To impend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dependable</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*pend"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worthy of being depended on; trustworthy.</def> "<i>Dependable</i> friendships."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Dependant, Dependance, n., Dependancy</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw><hw>De*pend"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>De*pend"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>De*pend"an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Dependent</er>, <er>Dependence</er>, <er>Dependency</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The forms <i>dependant</i>, <i>dependance</i>, <i>dependancy</i> are from the French; the forms <i>dependent</i>, etc., are from the Latin. Some authorities give preference to the form <i>dependant</i> when the word is a noun, thus distinguishing it from the adjective, usually written <i>dependent</i>.</note>

<h1>Dependence</h1>
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<hw>De*pend"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>dependentia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dependens</ets>. See <er>Dependent</er>, and cf. <er>Dependance</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of depending; state of being dependent; a hanging down or from; suspension from a support.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being influenced and determined by something; subjection (as of an <i>effect</i> to its <i>cause</i>).</def>

<blockquote>The cause of effects, and the <b>dependence</b> of one thing upon another.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Mutu<?/<?/<?/ <?/onnection and support; concatenation; systematic <?/<?/<?/er relation.</def>

<blockquote>So dark a<?/<?/<?/ so intricate of purpose, without any <b>dependence</b> or order.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Subjection to the direction or disposal of another; inability to help or provide for one's self.</def>

<blockquote>Reduced to a servile <b>dependence</b> on their mercy.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A resting with confidence; reliance; trust.</def>

<blockquote>Affectionate <b>dependence</b> on the Creator is the spiritual life of the soul.
<i>T. Erskine.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>That on which one depends or relies; <as>as, he was her sole <ex>dependence</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>That which depends; anything dependent or suspended; anything attached a subordinate to, or contingent on, something else.</def>

<blockquote>Like a large cluster of black grapes they show
And make a large <b>dependence</b> from the bough.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A matter depending, or in suspense, and still to be determined; ground of controversy or quarrel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To go on now with my first <b>dependence</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dependency</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*pend"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dependencies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>State of being dependent; dependence; state of being subordinate; subordination; concatenation; connection; reliance; trust.</def>

<blockquote>Any long series of action, the parts of which have very much <b>dependency</b> each on the other.
<i>Sir J. Reynolds.</i></blockquote>
<-- #sic. "action" is the singular.  Why? -->

<blockquote>So that they may acknowledge their <b>dependency</b> on the crown of England.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thing hanging down; a dependence.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is attached to something else as its consequence, subordinate, satellite, and the like.</def>

<blockquote>This earth and its <b>dependencies</b>.
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Modes I call such complex ideas which . . . are considered as <b>dependencies</b> on or affections of substances.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A territory remote from the kingdom or state to which it belongs, but subject to its dominion; a colony; <as>as, Great Britain has its <ex>dependencies</ex> in Asia, Africa, and America</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Dependence</i> is more used in the abstract, and <i>dependency</i> in the concrete. The latter is usually restricted in meaning to 3 and 4.</note>

<h1>Dependent</h1>
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<hw>De*pend"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dependens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. <ets>dependere</ets>. See <er>Depend</er>, and cf. <er>Dependant</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Hanging down; <as>as, a <ex>dependent</ex> bough or leaf</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relying on, or subject to, something else for support; not able to exist, or sustain itself, or to perform anything, without the will, power, or aid of something else; not self-sustaining; contingent or conditioned; subordinate; -- often with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>; <as>as, <ex>dependent</ex> on God; <ex>dependent</ex> upon friends.</as></def>

<blockquote>England, long <b>dependent</b> and degraded, was again a power of the first rank.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Dependent covenant</col> or <col>contract</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one not binding until some connecting stipulation is performed.</cd> -- <col>Dependent variable</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a varying quantity whose changes are arbitrary, but are regarded as produced by changes in another variable, which is called the <i>independent variable<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dependent</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*pend"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who depends; one who is sustained by another, or who relies on another for support of favor; a hanger-on; a retainer; <as>as, a numerous train of <ex>dependents</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>A host of <b>dependents</b> on the court, suborned to play their part as witnesses.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which depends; corollary; consequence.</def>

<blockquote>With all its circumstances and <b>dependents</b>.
<i>Prynne.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; See the Note under <er>Dependant</er>.</note>

<h1>Dependently</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*pend"ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dependent manner.</def>

<h1>Depender</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*pend"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who depends; a dependent.</def>

<h1>Dependingly</h1>
<Xpage=392>

<hw>De*pend"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>As having dependence.</def>

<i>Hale.</i>

<h1>Depeople</h1>
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<hw>De*peo"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To depopulate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Deperdit</h1>
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<hw>De*per"dit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>deperditum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>deperditus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deperdere</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>perdere</ets> to lose, destroy.]</ety> <def>That which is lost or destroyed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Paley.</i>

<h1>Deperditely</h1>
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<hw>De*per"dite*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, adv. Hopelessly; despairingly; in the manner of one ruined; <as>as, <ex>deperditely</ex> wicked</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Deperdition</h1>
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<hw>Dep`er*di"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82perdition</ets>.]</ety> <def>Loss; destruction.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Depertible</h1>
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<hw>De*per"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Depart</er>.]</ety> <def>Divisible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Dephlegm</h1>
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<hw>De*phlegm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>phlegm</ets> water; cf. F. <ets>d\'82phlegmer</ets>, <ets>d\'82flegmer</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Chem.)</fld> <def>To rid of phlegm or water; to dephlegmate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Dephlegmate</h1>
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<hw>De*phleg"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dephlegmated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dephlegmating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Dephlegm</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To deprive of superabundant water, as by evaporation or distillation; to clear of aqueous matter; to rectify; -- used of spirits and acids.</def>

<h1>Dephlegmation</h1>
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<hw>De`phleg*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82flegmation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The operation of separating water from spirits and acids, by evaporation or repeated distillation; -- called also <altname>concentration</altname>, especially when acids are the subject of it.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dephlegmator</h1>
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<hw>De*phleg"ma*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instrument or apparatus in which water is separated by evaporation or distillation; the part of a distilling apparatus in which the separation of the vapors is effected.</def>

<h1>Dephlegmatory</h1>
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<hw>De*phleg"ma*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or producing, dephlegmation.</def>

<h1>Dephlegmedness</h1>
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<hw>De*phlegm"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being freed from water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Dephlogisticcate</h1>
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<hw>De`phlo*gis"tic*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dephlogisticated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dephlogisticating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>phlosticate</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82phlogistiguer</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Chem.)</fld> <def>To deprive of phlogiston, or the supposed principle of inflammability.</def>

<i>Priestley.</i>

<cs><col>Dephlogisticated air</col>, <cd>oxygen gas; -- so called by Dr. Priestly and others of his time.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>De`phlo*gis`ti*ca"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dephosphorization</h1>
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<hw>De*phos`phor*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of freeing from phosphorous.</def>

<h1>Depict</h1>
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<hw>De*pict"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>depictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>depingere</ets> to depict; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>pingere</ets> to paint. See <er>Paint</er>, and cf. <er>Depaint</er>, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>p</ets>.]</ety> <def>Depicted.</def>

<i>Lydgate.</i>

<hr>
<page="393">
Page 393<p>

<h1>Depict</h1>
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<hw>De*pict"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>depictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>depinger<?/</ets> to depict; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>pingere</ets> to paint. See <er>Paint</er>, and cf. <er>Depaint</er>, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>p</ets>.]</ety> <def>Depicted.</def>

<i>Lydgate.</i>

<h1>Depict</h1>
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<hw>De*pict"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Depicted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Depicting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form a colored likeness of; to represent by a picture; to paint; to portray.</def>

<blockquote>His arms are fairly <b>depicted</b> in his chamber.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To represent in words; to describe vividly.</def>

<blockquote>C\'91sar's gout was then <b>depicted</b> in energetic language.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depiction</h1>
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<hw>De*pic"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>depictio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A painting or depicting; a representation.</def>

<h1>Depicture</h1>
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<hw>De*pic"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Depictured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Depicturing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a picture of; to paint; to picture; to depict.</def>

<blockquote>Several persons were <b>depictured</b> in caricature.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depilate</h1>
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<hw>Dep"i*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Depilated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Depilating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>depilatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>depilare</ets> to depilate; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>pilare</ets> to put forth hairs, <ets>pilus</ets> hair.]</ety> <def>To strip of hair; to husk.</def>

<i>Venner.</i>

<h1>Depilation</h1>
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<hw>Dep`i*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82pilation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of pulling out or removing the hair; unhairing.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Depilatory</h1>
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<hw>De*pil"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82pilatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality or power of removing hair.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>An application used to take off hair.</def></def2>

<h1>Depilous</h1>
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<hw>Dep"i*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>pilous</ets>: cf. L. <ets>depilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hairless.</def>

<i>Sir t. Browne.</i>

<h1>Deplanate</h1>
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<hw>De*pla"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deplanetus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deplanare</ets> to make level. See <er>Plane</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Flattened; made level or even.</def>

<h1>Deplant</h1>
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<hw>De*plant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>plan</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82planter</ets>, L. <ets>deplantare</ets> to take off a twig. See <er>Plant</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To take up (plants); to transplant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Deplantation</h1>
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<hw>De`plan*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82plantation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of taking up plants from beds.</def>

<h1>Deplete</h1>
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<hw>De*plete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Depleted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Depleting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From L. <ets>deplere</ets> to empty out; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>plere</ets> to fill. Forined like <ets>replete</ets>, <ets>complete</ets>. See <er>Fill</er>, <er>Full</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To empty or unload, as the vessels of human system, by bloodletting or by medicine.</def>

<i>Copland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reduce by destroying or consuming the vital powers of; to exhaust, as a country of its strength or resources, a treasury of money, etc.</def>

<i>Saturday Review.</i>

<h1>Depletion</h1>
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<hw>De*ple"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82pl\'82tion</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of depleting or emptying.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>the act or process of diminishing the quantity of fluid in the vessels by bloodletting or otherwise; also excessive evacuation, as in severe diarrhea.</def>

<h1>Depletive</h1>
<Xpage=393>

<hw>De*ple"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82pl\'82tif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Able or fitted to deplete.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A substance used to deplete.</def></def2>

<h1>Depletory</h1>
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<hw>De*ple"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to deplete.</def>

<h1>Deplication</h1>
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<hw>Dep`li*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>deplicare</ets> to unfold; L. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>plicare</ets> to fold.]</ety> <def>An unfolding, untwisting, or unplaiting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Deploitation</h1>
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<hw>Dep`loi*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Exploitation</er>, <er>Deploy</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as Exploitation.</def>

<h1>Deplorability</h1>
<Xpage=393>

<hw>De*plor`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Deplorableness.</def>

<i>Stormonth.</i>

<h1>Deplorable</h1>
<Xpage=393>

<hw>De*plor"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82plorable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Worthy of being deplored or lamented; lamentable; causing grief; hence, sad; calamitous; grievous; wretched; <as>as, life's evils are deplorable</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Individual sufferers are in a much more <b>deplorable</b> conditious than any others.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deplorableness</h1>
<Xpage=393>

<hw>De*plor"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being deplorable.</def>

<h1>Deplorably</h1>
<Xpage=393>

<hw>De*plor"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a deplorable manner.</def>

<h1>Deplorate</h1>
<Xpage=393>

<hw>De*plo"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deploratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deplorare</ets>. See <er>Deplore</er>.]</ety> <def>Deplorable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A more <b>deplorate</b> estate.
<i>Baker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deploration</h1>
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<hw>Dep`lo*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deploratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82ploration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of deploring or lamenting; lamentation.</def>

<i>Speed.</i>

<h1>Deplore</h1>
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<hw>De*plore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deplored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deploring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>deplorare</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>plorare</ets> to cry out, wail, lament; prob. akin to <ets>pluere</ets> to rain, and to E. flow: cf. F. d\'82plorer. Cf. Flow.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To feel or to express deep and poignant grief for; to bewail; to lament; to mourn; to sorrow over.</def>

<blockquote>To find her, or forever to <b>deplore</b>
Her loss.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As some sad turtle his lost love <b>deplores</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To complain of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To regard as hopeless; to give up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Deplore</er>, <er>Mourn</er>, <er>Lament</er>, <er>Bewail</er>, <er>Bemoan</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Mourn</i> is the generic term, denoting a state of grief or sadness. To <i>lament</i> is to express grief by outcries, and denotes an earnest and strong expression of sorrow. To <i>deplore</i> marks a deeper and more prolonged emotion. To <i>bewail</i> and to <i>bemoan</i> are appropriate only to cases of poignant distress, in which the grief finds utterance either in wailing or in moans and sobs. A man <i>laments</i> his errors, and <i>deplores</i> the ruin they have brought on his family; mothers <i>bewail</i> or <i>bemoan</i> the loss of their children.</usage>

<h1>Deplore</h1>
<Xpage=393>

<hw>De*plore"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lament.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Deploredly</h1>
<Xpage=393>

<hw>De*plor"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Lamentably.</def>

<h1>Deploredness</h1>
<Xpage=393>

<hw>De*plor"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being deplored or deplorable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hail.</i>

<h1>Deplorement</h1>
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<hw>De*plore"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Deploration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Deplorre</h1>
<Xpage=393>

<hw>De*plor"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who deplores.</def>

<h1>Deploringly</h1>
<Xpage=393>

<hw>De*plor"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a deploring manner.</def>

<h1>Deploy</h1>
<Xpage=393>

<hw>De*ploy"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deployed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deploying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82ployer</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82<?/</ets> = <ets>d\'82s</ets> (L. <ets>dis</ets>) + <ets>ployer</ets>, equiv. to <ets>plier</ets> to fold, fr. L. <ets>plicare</ets>. See <er>Ply</er>, and cf. <er>Display</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To open out; to unfold; to spread out (a body of troops) in such a way that they shall display a wider front and less depth; -- the reverse of <i>ploy</i>; <as>as, to <ex>deploy</ex> a column of troops into line of battle</as>.</def>

<h1>Deploy, Deployment</h1>
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<hw><hw>De*ploy"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>De*ploy"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The act of deploying; a spreading out of a body of men in order to extend their front.</def>

<i>-Wilhelm.</i>

<blockquote><b>Deployments</b> . . . which cause the soldier to turn his back to the enemy are not suited to war.H.L.
<i>Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deplumate</h1>
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<hw>De*plu"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>diplumatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deplumare</ets>. See <er>Deplume</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Destitute or deprived of features; deplumed.</def>

<h1>Deplumation</h1>
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<hw>Dep`lu*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Deplumate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The stripping or falling off of plumes or feathers.</def>

<i>Bp. Stillingfleet</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease of the eyelids, attended with loss of the eyelashes.</def>

<i>Thomas.</i>

<h1>Deplume</h1>
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<hw>De*plume"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deplumed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Depluming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>deplumare</ets>; L. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>plumare</ets> to cover with feathers, <ets>pluma</ets> feather: cf. <ets>deplumis</ets> featherless, and F. <ets>d\'82plumer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strip or pluck off the feather of; to deprive of of plumage.</def>

<blockquote>On the <b>depluming</b> of the pope every bird had his own feather.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lay bare; to expose.</def>

<blockquote>The exposure and <b>depluming</b> of the leading humbugs of the age.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depolarization</h1>
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<hw>De*po`lar*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82polarisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of depriving of polarity, or the result of such action; reduction to an unpolarized condition.</def>

<cs><col>Depolarization of light</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>a change in the plane of polarization of rays, especially by a crystalline medium, such that the light which had been extinguished by the analyzer reappears as if the polarization had been anulled. The word is inappropriate, as the ray does not return to the unpolarized condition.</cd></cs>

<h1>Depolarize</h1>
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<hw>De*po"lar*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Depolarized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Depolarizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>polarize</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82polarizer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>To deprive of polarity; to reduce to an unpolarized condition.</def>

<note>&hand; This word has been inaccurately applied in optics to describe the effect of a polarizing medium, as a crystalline plate, in causing the reappearance of a ray, in consequence of a change in its plane of polarization, which previously to the change was intercepted by the analyzer.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>To free from polarization, as the negative plate of the voltaic battery.</def>

<h1>Depolarizer</h1>
<Xpage=393>

<hw>De*po"lar*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A substance used to prevent polarization, as upon the negative plate of a voltaic battery.</def>

<h1>Depolish</h1>
<Xpage=393>

<hw>De*pol"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To remove the polish or glaze from.</def>

<h1>Depolishing</h1>
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<hw>De*pol"ish*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Ceramics)</fld> <def>The process of removing the vitreous glaze from porcelain, leaving the dull luster of the surface of ivory porcelian.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Depone</h1>
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<hw>De*pone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deponed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deponing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>deponere</ets>, <ets>depositum</ets>, to put down, in LL., to assert under oath; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>ponere</ets> to put, place. See <er>Position</er>, and cf. <er>Deposit</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay, as a stake; to wager.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lay down.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To assert under oath; to depose.</def> <mark>[A Scotticism]</mark>

<blockquote>Sprot <b>deponeth</b> that he entered himself thereafter in conference.
<i>State Trials(1606).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depone</h1>
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<hw>De*pone"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To testify under oath; to depose; to bear witness.</def> <mark>[A Scotticism]</mark>

<blockquote>The fairy Glorians, whose credibility on this point can not be called in question, <b>depones</b> to the confinement of Merlin in a tree.
<i>Dunlop.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deponent</h1>
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<hw>De*po"nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deponenes</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, laying down. See <er>Depone</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who deposes or testifies under oath; one who gives evidence; usually, one who testifies in writing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gr. & Lat.  Gram.)</fld> <def>A deponent verb.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Deponent</er>, <er>Affiant</er>.</syn> <usage> These are legal terms describing a person who makes a written declaration under oath, with a view to establish certain facts. An <i>affiant</i> is one who makes an affidavit, or declaration under oath, in order to establish the truth of what he says. A <i>deponenet</i> is one who makes a deposition, or gives written testimony under oath, to be used in the trial of some case before a court of justice. See under <er>Deposition</er>.</usage>

<h1>Deponent</h1>
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<hw>De*po"nent</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deponens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, laying down (its proper passive meaning), p. pr. of <ets>deponere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82ponent</ets>. See <er>Depone</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Having a passive form with an active meaning, as certain latin and Greek verbs.</def>

<h1>Depopulacy</h1>
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<hw>De*pop"u*la*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Depopulation; destruction of population.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Depopulate</h1>
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<hw>De*pop"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Depopulated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Depopulating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>depopulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>depopulari</ets> to ravage; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>populari</ets> to ravage, fr. <ets>populus</ets> people: cf. OF. <ets>depopuler</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82peupler</ets>. See <er>People</er>.]</ety> <def>To deprive of inhabitants, whether by death or by expulsion; to reduce greatly the populousness of; to dispeople; to unpeople.</def>

<blockquote>Where is this viper,
That would <b>depopulate</b> the city?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; It is not synonymous with <i>laying waste</i> or destroying, being limited to the loss of inhabitants; as, an army or a famine may <i>depopulate</i> a country. It rarely expresses an entire loss of inhabitants, but often a great diminution of their numbers; as, the deluge <i>depopulated</i> the earth.</note>

<h1>Depopulate</h1>
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<hw>De*pop"u*late</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become dispeopled.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whether the country be <b>depopulating</b> or not.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depopulation</h1>
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<hw>De*pop`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>depopulatio</ets> pillaging: cf. F. <ets>d\'82population</ets> depopulation.]</ety> <def>The act of depopulating, or condition of being depopulated; destruction or explusion of inhabitants.</def>

<blockquote>The desolation and <b>depopulation</b> [of St.Quentin] were now complete.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depopulator</h1>
<Xpage=393>

<hw>De*pop"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., pillager.]</ety> <def>One who depopulates; a dispeopler.</def>

<h1>Deport</h1>
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<hw>De*port"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deported</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deporting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82porter</ets> to transport for life, OF., to divert, amuse, from L. <ets>deportare</ets> to carry away; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>portare</ets> to carry. See <er>Port</er> demeanor.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To transport; to carry away; to exile; to send into banishment.</def>

<blockquote>He told us he had been <b>deported</b> to Spain.
<i>Walsh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To carry or demean; to conduct; to behave; -- followed by the reflexive pronoun.</def>

<blockquote>Let an ambassador <b>deport</b> himself in the most graceful manner befor a prince.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deport</h1>
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<hw>De*port"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Behavior; carrige; demeanor; deportment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Goddesslike <i>deport</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Deportation</h1>
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<hw>De`por*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>depotatio</ets>: cf.F. <ets>d\'82portation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of deporting or exiling, or the state of being deported; banishment; transportation.</def>

<blockquote>In their <b>deportations</b>, they had often the favor of their conquerors.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deportment</h1>
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<hw>De*port"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82portement</ets> misconduct, OF., demeanor. See <er>Deport</er>.]</ety> <def>Manner of deporting or demeaning one's self; manner of acting; conduct; carrige; especially, manner of acting with respect to the courtesies and duties of life; behavior; demeanor; bearing.</def>

<blockquote>The gravity of his <b>deportment</b> carried him safe through many difficulties.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deporture</h1>
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<hw>De*por"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Deportment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Stately port and majestical <b>deporture</b>.
<i>Speed.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deposable</h1>
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<hw>De*pos"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being deposed or deprived of office.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Deposal</h1>
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<hw>De*pos"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of deposing from office; a removal from the throne.</def>

<i>Fox.</i>

<h1>Depose</h1>
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<hw>De*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deposed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr.  & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deposing</er>.]</wordforms><ety>[FF. <ets>d\'82poser</ets>, in the sense of L. <ets>deponere</ets> to put down; but from pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>de</ets>) + <ets>poser</ets> to place. See <er>Pose</er>, <er>Pause</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay down; to divest one's self of; to lay aside.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thus when the state one Edward did <b>depose</b>,
A greater Edward in his room arose.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To let fall; to deposit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Additional mud <b>deposed</b> upon it.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To remove from a throne or other high station; to dethrone; to divest or deprive of office.</def>

<blockquote>A tyrant over his subjects, and therefore worthy to be <b>deposed</b>.
<i>Prynne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To testify under oath; to bear testimony to; -- now usually said of bearing testimony which is officially written down for future use.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<blockquote>To <b>depose</b> the yearly rent or valuation of lands.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To put under oath.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Depose</b> him in the justice of his cause.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depose</h1>
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<hw>De*pose"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To bear witness; to testify under oath; to make deposition.</def>

<blockquote>Then, seeing't was he that made you to <b>despose</b>,
Your oath, my lord, is vain and frivolous.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deposer</h1>
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<hw>De*pos"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who deposes or degrades from office.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who testifies or deposes; a deponent.</def>

<h1>Deposit</h1>
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<hw>De*pos"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Depoited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Depositing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>depositus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deponere</ets>. See <er>Depone</er>, and cf. <er>Deposit</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay down; to place; to put; to let fall or throw down (as sediment); <as>as, a crocodile <ex>deposits</ex> her eggs in the sand; the waters <ex>deposited</ex> a rich alluvium.</as></def>

<blockquote>The fear is <b>deposited</b> in conscience.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lay up or away for safekeeping; to put up; to store; <as>as, to <ex>deposit</ex> goods in a warehouse</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lodge in some one's hands for sale keeping; to commit to the custody of another; to intrust; esp., to place in a bank, as a sum of money subject to order.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To lay aside; to rid one's self of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If what is written prove useful to you, to the <b>depositing</b> that which i can not deem an error.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Both this verb and the noun following written <i>deposite</i>.</note>

<h1>Deposit</h1>
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<hw>De*pos"it</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>depositum</ets>, fr. <ets>depositus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deponere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82p\'93t</ets>, OF. <ets>depost</ets>. See <er>Deposit</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Depot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That is deposited, or laid or thrown down; <as>as, a <ex>deposit</ex> in a flue</as>; especially, matter precipitated from a solution (as the siliceous deposits of hot springs), or that which is mechanically deposited (as the mud, gravel, etc., <ex>deposits</ex> of a river).</def>

<blockquote>The <b>deposit</b> already formed affording to the succeeding portion of the charged fluid a basis.
<i>Kirwan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A natural occurrence of a useful mineral under the conditions to invite exploitation.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is placed anywhere, or in any one's hands, for safe keeping; somthing intrusted to the care of another; esp., money lodged with a bank or banker, subject to order; anything given as pledge or security.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bailment of money or goods to be kept gratuitously for the bailor.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Money lodged with a party as earnest or security for the performance of a duty assumed by the person depositing.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A place of deposit; a depository.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<cs><col>Bank of deposit</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bank</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>In deposit</col>, or <col>On deposit</col></mcol>, <cd>in trust or safe keeping as a deposit; <as>as, coins were recieved on <ex>deposit<ex></as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Depositary</h1>
<Xpage=393>

<hw>De*pos"i*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Depositaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>depositarius</ets>, fr. <ets>deponere</ets>. See <er>Deposit</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One with whom anything is lodged in the trust; one who receives a deposit; -- the correlative of <i>depositor</i>.</def>

<blockquote>I . . . made you my guardians, my <b>depositaries</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>depositaries</b> of power, who are mere delegates of the people.J.S.
<i>Mill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A storehouse; a depository.</def>

<i>Bp. Hurd.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One to whom goods are bailed, to be kept for the bailor without a recompense.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Deposition</h1>
<Xpage=393>

<hw>Dep`o*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>depositio</ets>, fr. <ets>deponere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82position</ets>. See <er>Deposit</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of depositing or deposing; the act of laying down or thrown down; precipitation.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>deposition</b> of rough sand and rolled pebbles.
<i>H. Miller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of bringing before the mind; presentation.</def>

<blockquote>The influence of princes upon the dispositions of their courts needs not the <b>deposition</b> of their examples, since it hath the authority of a known principle.
<i>W. Montagu.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="394">
Page 394<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of setting aside a sovereign or a public officer; deprivation of authority and dignity; displacement; removal.</def>

<note>&hand; A <i>deposition</i> differs from an <i>abdication</i>, an <i>abdication</i> being voluntary, and a <i>deposition</i> compulsory.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is deposited; matter laid or thrown down; sediment; alluvial matter; <as>as, banks are sometimes <ex>depositions</ex> of alluvial matter</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An opinion, example, or statement, laid down or asserted; a declaration.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act of laying down one's testimony in writing; also, testimony laid or taken down in writting, under oath or affirmation, befor some competent officer, and in reply to interrogatories and cross-interrogatories.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Deposition</er>, <er>Affidavit</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Affidavit</i> is the wider term. It denotes any authorized <i>ex parte</i> written statement of a person, sworn to or affirmed before some competent magistrate. It is made without cross-examination, and requires no notice to an opposing party. It is generally signed by the party making it, and may be drawn up by himself or any other person. A <i>deposition</i> is the written testimony of a witness, taken down in due form of law, and sworn to or affirmed by the deponent. It must be taken before some authorized magistrate, and upon a prescribed or reasonable notice to the opposing party, that may attend and cross-examine. It is generally written down from the mouth of the witness by the magistrate, or some person for him, and in his presence.</usage>

<h1>Depositor</h1>
<Xpage=394>

<hw>De*pos"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>deponere</ets>. See <er>Depone</er>.]</ety> <def>One who makes a deposit, especially of money in bank; -- the correlative of <i>depository</i>.</def>

<h1>Depository</h1>
<Xpage=394>

<hw>De*pos"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Depositories</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>.

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A place where anything is deposited for sale or keeping; <as>as, warehouse is a <ex>depository</ex> for goods; a clerk's office is a <ex>depository</ex> for records.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One with whom something is deposited; a depositary.</def>

<blockquote>I am the sole <b>depository</b> of my own secret, and it shall perish with me.
<i>Junius.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depoitum</h1>
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<hw>De*po"i*tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Deposit.</def>

<h1>Depoiture</h1>
<Xpage=394>

<hw>De*po"i*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of depositing; deposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Depot</h1>
<Xpage=394>

<hw>De"pot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82p\'93t</ets>, OF. <ets>depost</ets>, fr. L. <ets>depositum</ets> a deposit. See <er>Deposit</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A place of deposit storing of goods; a warehouse; a storehouse.</def>

<blockquote>The islands of Guernsey and Jersey are at present the great <b>depots</b> of this kingdom.
<i>Brit Critic (1794).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A military station where stores and provisions are kept, or where recruits are assembled and drilled.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Eng. & France)</fld> <def>The headquarters of a regiment, where all supplies are recieved and distributed, recruits are assembled and instructed, infirm or disabled soldiers are taken care of, and all the wants of the regiment are provided for.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A railway station; a building for the accommodation and protection of railway passenges or freight.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Station</er>.</syn>

<h1>Depper</h1>
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<hw>Dep"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deeper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Depravation</h1>
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<hw>Dep`ra*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>depravitio</ets>, from depravare: cf. F. <ets>d\'82pravation</ets>. See <er>Deprave</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Detraction; depreciation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To stubborn critics, apt, without a theme,
For <b>depravation</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of depraving, or making anything bad; the act of corrupting.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of being depraved or degenerated; degeneracy; depravity.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>depravation</b> of his moral character destroyed his judgment.
<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Change for the worse; deterioration; morbid perversion.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Depravity; corruption. See <er>Depravity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Deprave</h1>
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<hw>De*prave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Depraved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Depraving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>depravare</ets>, <ets>depravatum</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>pravus</ets> crooked, distorted, perverse, wicked.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To speak ill of; to depreciate; to malign; to revile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And thou knowest, conscience, I came not to chide
Nor <b>deprave</b> thy person with a proud heart.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make bad or worse; to vitiate; to corrupt.</def>

<blockquote>Whose pride <b>depraves</b> each other better part.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To corrupt; vitiate; contaminate; pollute.</syn>

<h1>Depravedly</h1>
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<hw>De*prav"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a depraved manner.</def>

<h1>Depravedness</h1>
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<hw>De*prav"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Depravity.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Depravement</h1>
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<hw>De*prave"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Depravity. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> Milton.</def>

<h1>Depraver</h1>
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<hw>De*prav"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who deprave or corrupts.</def>

<h1>Depravingly</h1>
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<hw>De*prav"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a depraving manner.</def>

<h1>Depravity</h1>
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<hw>De*prav"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Deprave</er>: cf. L. <ets>pravitas</ets> crookedness, perverseness.]</ety> <def>The stae of being depraved or corrupted; a vitiated state of moral character; general badness of character; wickedness of mind or heart; absence of religious feeling and principle.</def>

<cs><col>Total depravity</col>. <cd>See <er>Original sin</er>, and <er>Calvinism</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Corruption; vitiation; wickedness; vice; contamination; degeneracy.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Depravity</er>, <er>Depravation</er>, <er>Corruption</er>. <i>Depravilty</i> is a vitiated state of mind or feeling; as, the <i>depravity</i> of the human heart; <i>depravity</i> of public morals. <i>Depravation</i> points to the act or process of <i>making</i> depraved, and hence to the end thus reached; as, a gradual <i>depravation</i> of principle; a <i>depravation</i> of manners, of the heart, etc. <i>Corruption</i> is the only one of these words which applies to physical substances, and in reference to these denotes the process by which their component parts are dissolved. Hence, when figuratively used, it denotes an utter vitiation of principle or feeling. <i>Depravity</i> applies only to the mind and heart: we can speak of a <i>depraved</i> taste, or a <i>corrupt</i> taste; in the first we introduce the notion that there has been the influence of bad training to pervert; in the second, that there is a want of true principle to pervert; in the second, that there is a want of true principles to decide. The other two words have a wider use: we can speak of the <i>depravation</i> or the <i>corruption</i> of taste and public sentiment. <i>Depravity</i> is more or less open; corruption is more or less disguised in its operations. What is <i>depraved</i> requires to be reformed; what is <i>corrupt</i> requires to be purified.</usage>

<h1>Deprecable</h1>
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<hw>Dep"re*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deprecabilis</ets> exorable.]</ety> <def>That may or should be deprecated.</def>

<i>Paley.</i>

<h1>Deprecate</h1>
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<hw>Dep"re*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deprecated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deprecating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>deprecatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deprecari</ets> to avert by player, to deprecate; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>precari</ets> to pray. See <er>Pray</er>.]</ety> <def>To pray against, as an evil; to seek to avert by player; to desire the removal of; to seek deliverance from; to express deep regret for; to disapprove of strongly.</def>

<blockquote>His purpose was <b>deprecated</b> by all round him, and he was with difficulty induced to adandon it.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deprecating</h1>
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<hw>Dep"re*ca`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a deprecating manner.</def>

<h1>Deprecation</h1>
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<hw>Dep`re*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deprecatio</ets>; cf. F. <ets>d\'82pr\'82cation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of deprecating; a praying against evil; prayer that an evil may be removed or prevented; strong expression of disapprobation.</def>

<blockquote>Humble <b>deprecation</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Entreaty for pardon; petitioning.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An imprecation or curse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gilpin.</i>

<h1>Deprecative</h1>
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<hw>Dep"re*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deprecativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82pr\'82catif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to deprecate; deprecatory.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dep"re*ca*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Deprecator</h1>
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<hw>Dep"re*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who deprecates.</def>

<h1>Deprecatory</h1>
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<hw>Dep"re*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deprecatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to deprecate; tending to remove or avert evil by prayer; apologetic.</def>

<blockquote>Humble and <b>deprecatory</b> letters.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depreciate</h1>
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<hw>De*pre"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Depreciated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Depreciating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>depretiatus</ets>, <ets>depreciatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>depretiare</ets>, <ets>-ciare</ets>, to depreciate; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>pretiare</ets> to prize, fr. <ets>pretium</ets> price. See <er>Price</er>.]</ety> <def>To lessen in price or estimated value; to lower the worth of; to represent as of little value or claim to esteem; to undervalue.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>Which . . . some over-severe phoilosophers may look upon fastidiously, or undervalue and <b>depreciate</b>.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To prove that the Americans ought not to be free, we are obliged to <b>depreciate</b> the value of freedom itself.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To decry; disparage; traduce; lower; detract; underrate. See <er>Decry</er>.</syn>

<h1>Depreciate</h1>
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<hw>De*pre"ci*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fall in value; to become of less worth; to sink in estimation; <as>as, a paper currency will <ex>depreciate</ex>, unless it is convertible into specie</as>.</def>

<h1>Depreciation</h1>
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<hw>De*pre`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82pr\'82ciation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of lessening, or seeking to lessen, price, value, or reputation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The falling of value; reduction of worth.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>the state of being depreciated.</def>

<h1>Depreciative</h1>
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<hw>De*pre"ci*a`tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending, or intended, to depreciate; expressing depreciation; undervaluing.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*pre"ci*a`tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Depreciator</h1>
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<hw>De*pre"ci*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who depreciates.</def>

<h1>Depreciatory</h1>
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<hw>De*pre"ci*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to depreciate; undervaluing; depreciative.</def>

<h1>Depredable</h1>
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<hw>Dep"re*da*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Liable to depredation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Made less <i>depredable</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Depredate</h1>
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<hw>Dep"re*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Depredated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Depredating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>depraedatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>depraedari</ets> to plunder; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>praedari</ets> to plunder, <ets>praeda</ets> plunder, prey. See <er>Prey</er>.]</ety> <def>To subject to plunder and pillage; to despoil; to lay waste; to prey upon.</def>

<blockquote>It makes the substance of the body . . . less apt to be consumed and <b>depredated</b> by the spirits.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depredate</h1>
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<hw>Dep"re*date</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take plunder or prey; to commit waste; <as>as, the troops <ex>depredated</ex> on the country</as>.</def>

<h1>Depredation</h1>
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<hw>Dep`re*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>depraedatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82pr\'82dation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of depredating, or the state of being depredated; the act of despoiling or making inroads; <as>as, the sea often makes <ex>depredation</ex> on the land</as>.</def>

<h1>Depredator</h1>
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<hw>Dep"re*da`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>depraedator</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who plunders or pillages; a spoiler; a robber.</def>

<h1>Depredatory</h1>
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<hw>Dep"re*da`to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending or designed to depredate; characterized by depredation; plundering; <as>as, a <ex>depredatory</ex> incursion</as>.</def>

<h1>Depreicate</h1>
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<hw>De*pre"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> (intensive) + <ets>predicate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To proclaim; to celebrate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Deprehend</h1>
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<hw>Dep`re*hend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deprehended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deprehending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>deprehendere</ets>, <ets>deprehensum</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>prehendere</ets> to lay hold of, seize. See <er>Prehensile</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take unwares or by surprise; to seize, as a person commiting an unlawful act; to catch; to apprehend.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>deprehended</b> adulteress.Jer.
<i>Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To detect; to discover; to find out.</def>

<blockquote>The motion . . . are to be <b>deprehended</b> by experience.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deprehensible</h1>
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<hw>Dep`re*hen"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be caught or discovered; apprehensible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Petty.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dep`re*hen"si*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Deprehension</h1>
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<hw>Dep`re*hen"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deprehensio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A catching; discovery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Depress</h1>
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<hw>De*press"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Depressed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Depressing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>depressus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deprimere</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>premere</ets> to press. See <er>Press</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To press down; to cause to sink; to let fall; to lower; <as>as, to <ex>depress</ex> the muzzle of a gun; to <ex>depress</ex> the eyes.</as></def> "With lips <i>depressed</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring down or humble; to abase, as pride.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cast a gloom upon; to sadden; <as>as, his spirits were <ex>depressed</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To lessen the activity of; to make dull; embarrass, as trade, commerce, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To lessen in price; to cause to decline in value; to cheapen; to depreciate.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To reduce (an equation) in a lower degree.</def>

<cs><col>To depress the pole</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to cause the sidereal pole to appear lower or nearer the horizon, as by sailing toward the equator.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To sink; lower; abase; cast down; deject; humble; degrade; dispirit; discourage.</syn>

<h1>Depress</h1>
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<hw>De*press"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>depressus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Having the middle lower than the border; concave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If the seal be <b>depress</b> or hollow.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depressant</h1>
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<hw>De*press"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An agent or remedy which lowers the vital powers.</def>

<h1>Depressed</h1>
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<hw>De*pressed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pressed or forced down; lowed; sunk; dejected; dispirited; sad; humbled.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Concave on the upper side; -- said of a leaf whose disk is lower than the border.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Lying flat; -- said of a stem or leaf which lies close to the ground.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the vertical diameter shorter than the horizontal or transverse; -- said of the bodies of animals, or of parts of the bodies.</def>

<h1>Depressingly</h1>
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<hw>De*press"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a depressing manner.</def>

<h1>Depression</h1>
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<hw>De*pres"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>depressio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82pression</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of depressing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being depressed; a sinking.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A falling in of the surface; a sinking below its true place; a cavity or hollow; <as>as, roughness consists in little protuberances and <ex>depressions</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Humiliation; abasement, as of pride.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Dejection; despondency; lowness.</def>

<blockquote>In a great <b>depression</b> of spirit.
<i>Baker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Diminution, as of trade, etc.; inactivity; dullness.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The angular distance of a celestial object below the horizon.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The operation of reducing to a lower degree; -- said of equations.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A method of operating for cataract; couching. See <er>Couch</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 8.</def>

<cs><col>Angle of depression</col> <fld>(Geod.)</fld>, <cd>one which a descending line makes with a horizontal plane.</cd> -- <col>Depression of the dewpoint</col> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld>, <cd>the number of degreees that the dew-point is lower than the actual temperature of the atmosphere.</cd> -- <col>Depression of the pole</col>, <cd>its apparent sinking, as the spectator goes toward the equator.</cd> -- <col>Depression of the visible horizon</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>Same as <i>Dip of the horizon<i>, under <er>Dip</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Abasement; reduction; sinking; fall; humiliation; dejection; melancholy.</syn>

<h1>Depressive</h1>
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<hw>De*press"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Able or tending to depress or cast down.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*press"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Depressomotor</h1>
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<hw>De*pres`so*mo"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Depressing or diminishing the capacity for movement, as <i>depressomotor</i> nerves, which lower or inhibit muscular activity.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> Any agent that depresses the activity of the motor centers, as bromides, etc.</def></def2>

<h1>Depressor</h1>
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<hw>De*press"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, presses down; an oppressor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle that depresses or tends to draw down a part.</def>

<cs><col>Depressor nerve</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>a nerve which lowers the activity of an organ; as, the <i>depressor nerve<i> of the heart.</cd></cs>

<h1>Depriment</h1>
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<hw>Dep"ri*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deprimens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>deprimere</ets>. See <er>Depress</er>.]</ety> <def>Serving to depress.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Depriment</i> muscles."

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Deprisure</h1>
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<hw>De*pri"sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82priser</ets> to undervalue; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>priser</ets> to prize, fr. <ets>prix</ets> price, fr. L. <ets>pretium</ets>. See <er>Dispraise</er>.]</ety> <def>Low estimation; disesteem; contempt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Deprivable</h1>
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<hw>De*priv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being, or liable to be, deprived; liable to be deposed.</def>

<blockquote>Kings of Spain . . . <b>deprivable</b> for their tyrannies.
<i>Prynne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deprivation</h1>
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<hw>Dep`ri*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>deprivatio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of depriving, dispossessing, or bereaving; the act of deposing or divesting of some dignity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being deprived; privation; loss; want; bereavement.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>the taking away from a clergyman his benefice, or other spiritual promotion or dignity.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Deprivation</i> may be <i>a beneficio</i> or <i>ab officio</i>; the first takes away the living, the last degrades and deposes from the order.</note>

<h1>Deprive</h1>
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<hw>De*prive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deprived</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Depriving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>deprivare</ets>, <ets>deprivatium</ets>, to divest of office; L. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>privare</ets> to bereave, deprive: cf. OF. <ets>depriver</ets>. See <er>Private</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take away; to put an end; to destroy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>'Tis honor to deprive <b>dishonored</b> life.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dispossess; to bereave; to divest; to hinder from possessing; to debar; to shut out from; -- with a remoter object, usually preceded by of.</def>

<blockquote>God hath <b>deprived</b> her of wisdom.
<i>Job xxxix. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It was seldom that anger <b>deprived</b> him of power over himself.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To divest of office; to depose; to dispossess of dignity, especially ecclesiastical.</def>

<blockquote>A miniser <b>deprived</b> for inconformity.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To strip; despoil; rob; abridge.</syn>

<h1>Deprivement</h1>
<Xpage=394>

<hw>De*prive"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Deprivation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Depriver</h1>
<Xpage=394>

<hw>De*priv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, deprives.</def>

<h1>Deprostrate</h1>
<Xpage=394>

<hw>De*pros"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fully prostrate; humble; low; rude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>How may weak mortal ever hope to file
His unsmooth tongue, and his <b>deprostrate</b> style.
<i>G. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deprovincialize</h1>
<Xpage=394>

<hw>De`pro*vin"cial*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To divest of provincial quality or characteristics.</def>

<h1>Depth</h1>
<Xpage=394>

<hw>Depth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Deep</er>; akin to D. <ets>diepte</ets>, Icel. <ets>d<?/pt</ets>, <ets>d<?/p<?/</ets>, Goth. <ets>diupi<?/a</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being deep; deepness; perpendicular measurement downward from the surface,or horizontal measurement backward from the front; <as>as, the <ex>depth</ex> of a river; the <ex>depth</ex> of a body of troops.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Profoundness; extent or degree of intensity; abundance; completeness; <as>as, <ex>depth</ex> of knowledge, or color</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Mindful of that heavenly love
Which knows no end in <b>depth</b> or height.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lowness; <as>as, <ex>depth</ex> of sound</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is deep; a deep, or the deepest, part or place; the deep; the middle part; <as>as, the <ex>depth</ex> of night, or of winter</as>.</def>

<blockquote>From you unclouded <b>depth</b> above.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>depth</b> closed me round about.
<i>Jonah ii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The number of simple elements which an abstract conception or notion includes; the comprehension or content.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Horology)</fld> <def>A pair of toothed wheels which work together.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="395">
Page 395<p>

<cs><col>Depth of a sail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the extent of a square sail from the head rope to the foot rope; the length of the after leach of a staysail or boom sail; -- commonly called the <i>drop of sail<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Depthen</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Depth"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deepen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Depthless</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Depth"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having no depth; shallow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of measureless depth; unfathomable.</def>

<blockquote>In clouds of <b>depthless</b> night.
<i>Francis.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depucelate</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*pu"ce*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>de</ets> + LL. <ets>pucella</ets> virgin, F. <ets>pucelle</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82puceler</ets>.]</ety> <def>To deflour; to deprive of virginity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Depudicate</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*pu"di*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>depudicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>depudicare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To deflour; to dishonor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Depulse</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*pulse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>depulsus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>depellere</ets> to drive out; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>pellere</ets> to drive.]</ety> <def>To drive away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Depulsion</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*pul"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>depulsio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A driving or thrusting away.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Speed.</i>

<h1>Depulsory</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*pul"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>depulsorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Driving or thrusting away; averting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Depurant</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Dep"u*rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Depurative.</def>

<h1>Depurate</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Dep"u*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>depuratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>depurare</ets> to purify; L. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>purare</ets> to purify, <ets>purus</ets> clean, pure. Cf. <er>Depure</er>.]</ety> <def>Depurated; cleansed; freed from impurities.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Depurate</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Dep"u*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Depurated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Depurating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To free from impurities, heterogeneous matter, or feculence; to purify; to cleanse.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>depurate</b> the mass of blood.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depuration</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Dep`u*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82puration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of depurating or freeing from foreign or impure matter, as a liquid or wound.</def>

<h1>Depurative</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Dep"u*ra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82puratif</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Purifying the blood or the humors; depuratory.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A depurative remedy or agent; or a disease which is believed to be depurative.</def></def2>

<h1>Depurator</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Dep"u*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, cleanses.</def>

<h1>Depuratory</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Dep"u*ra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82puratoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Depurating; tending to depurate or cleanse; depurative.</def>

<h1>Depure</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*pure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82purer</ets>. See <er>Depurate</er>.]</ety> <def>To depurate; to purify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He shall first be <b>depured</b> and cleansed before that he shall be laid up for pure gold in the treasures of God.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depurgatory</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*pur"ga*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to purge; tending to cleanse or purify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Depurition</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Dep`u*ri"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Depuration</er>.</def>

<h1>Deputable</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Dep"u*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fit to be deputed; suitable to act as a deputy.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Deputation</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Dep`u*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82putation</ets>. See <er>Depute</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of deputing, or of appointing or commissioning a deputy or representative; office of a deputy or delegate; vicegerency.</def>

<blockquote>The authority of conscience stands founded upon its vicegerency and <b>deputation</b> under God.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The person or persons deputed or commissioned by another person, party, or public body to act in his or its behalf; delegation; <as>as, the general sent a <ex>deputation</ex> to the enemy to propose a truce</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>By deputation</col>, or <col>In deputation</col></mcol>, <cd>by delegated authority; as substitute; through the medium of a deputy. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote>Say to great C\'91sar this: <b>In deputation</b>
I kiss his conquering hand.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deputator</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Dep"u*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who deputes, or makes a deputation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Depute</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*pute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deputed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deputing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82puter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>deputare</ets> to esteem, consider, in LL., to destine, allot; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>putare</ets> to clean, prune, clear up, set in order, reckon, think. See <er>Pure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To appoint as deputy or agent; to commission to act in one's place; to delegate.</def>

<blockquote>There is no man <b>deputed</b> of the king to hear thee.
<i>2. Sam. xv. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some persons, <b>deputed</b> by a meeting.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To appoint; to assign; to choose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The most conspicuous places in cities are usually <b>deputed</b> for the erection of statues.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Depute</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*pute"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person deputed; a deputy.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Deputize</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Dep"u*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To appoint as one's deputy; to empower to act in one's stead; to depute.</def>

<h1>Deputy</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Dep"u*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Deputies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82put\'82</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>deputatus</ets>. See <er>Depute</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One appointed as the substitue of another, and empowered to act for him, in his name or his behalf; a substitute in office; a lieutenant; a representative; a delegate; a vicegerent; <as>as, the <ex>deputy</ex> of a prince, of a sheriff, of a township, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>There was then [in the days of Jehoshaphat] no king in Edom; a <b>deputy</b> was king.
<i>1 Kings xxii. 47.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>God's substitute,
His <b>deputy</b> anointed in His sight.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Deputy</i> is used in combination with the names of various executive officers, to denote an assistant empowered to act in their name; as, <i>deputy</i> collector, <i>deputy</i> marshal, <i>deputy</i> sheriff.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of the Chamber of Deputies.</def> <mark>[France]</mark>

<cs><col>Chamber of Deputies</col>, <cd>one of the two branches of the French legilative assembly; -- formerly called <i>Corps L\'82gislatif<i>. Its members, called <i>deputies<i>, are elected by the people voting in districts.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Substitute; representative; legate; delegate; envoy; agent; factor.</syn>

<h1>Dequantitate</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*quan"ti*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>quantatas</ets>, <ets>-atis</ets>. See <er>Quantity</er>.]</ety> <def>To diminish the quantity of; to disquantity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Deracinate</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*rac"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deracinated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deracinating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82raciner</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>dis</ets>) + <ets>racine</ets> root, fr. an assumed LL. <ets>radicina</ets>, fr. L. <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>radicis</ets>, root.]</ety> <def>To pluck up by the roots; to extirpate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>While that the colter rusts
That should <b>deracinate</b> such savagery.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deraination</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*ra`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of pulling up by the roots; eradication.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Deraign, Derain</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw><hw>De*raign"</hw>, <hw>De*rain"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Darraign</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>To prove or to refute by proof; to clear (one's self).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Deraignment, Derainment</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw><hw>De*raign"ment</hw>, <hw>De*rain"ment</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Darraign</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of deraigning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The renunciation of religious or monastic vows.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Derail</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*rail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Derailed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Derailing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause to run off from the rails of a railroad, as a locomotive.</def>

<i>Lardner.</i>

<h1>Derailment</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*rail"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of going off, or the state of being off, the rails of a railroad.</def>

<h1>Derange</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*range"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deranged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deranging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82ranger</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> = <ets>d\'82s-</ets> (L. <ets>dis</ets>) + <ets>ranger</ets> to range. See <er>Range</er>, and cf. <er>Disarrange</er>, <er>Disrank</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To put out of place, order, or rank; to disturb the proper arrangement or order of; to throw into disorder, confusion, or embarrassment; to disorder; to disarrange; <as>as, to <ex>derange</ex> the plans of a commander, or the affairs of a nation</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To disturb in action or function, as a part or organ, or the whole of a machine or organism.</def>

<blockquote>A sudden fall <b>deranges</b> some of our internal parts.
<i>Blair.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To disturb in the orderly or normal action of the intellect; to render insane.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To disorder; disarrange; displace; unsettle; disturb; confuse; discompose; ruffle; disconcert.</syn>

<h1>Deranged</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*ranged"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disordered; especially, disordered in mind; crazy; insane.</def>

<blockquote>The story of a poor <b>deranged</b> parish lad.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Derangement</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*range"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82rangement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of deranging or putting out of order, or the state of being deranged; disarrangement; disorder; confusion; especially, mental disorder; insanity.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Disorder; confusion; embarrassment; irregularity; disturbance; insanity; lunacy; madness; delirium; mania. See <er>Insanity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Deranger</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*ran"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who deranges.</def>

<h1>Deray</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*ray"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>derroi</ets>, <ets>desroi</ets>, <ets>desrei</ets>; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>roi</ets>, <ets>rei</ets>, <ets>rai</ets>, order. See <er>Array</er>.]</ety> <def>Disorder; merriment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Derbio</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Der"bi*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large European food fish (<spn>Lichia glauca</spn>).</def>

<h1>Derby</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Der"by</hw> <tt>(?; <it>usually<it> ? <it>in Eng.</it>; 85)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A race for three-old horses, run annually at Epsom (near London), for the Derby stakes. It was instituted by the 12th Earl of Derby, in 1780.</def>

<cs><col>Derby Day</col>, <cd>the day of the annual race for the Derby stakes, -- Wednesday of the week before Whitsuntide.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stiff felt hat with a dome-shaped crown.</def>

<h1>Derbyshire spar</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Der"by*shire spar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A massive variety of fluor spar, found in Derbyshire, England, and wrought into vases and other ornamental work.</def>

<h1>Derdoing</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Der*do"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dere</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Doing daring or chivalrous deeds.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "In <i>derdoing</i> arms."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Dere</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Dere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>derian</ets> to hurt.]</ety> <def>To hurt; to harm; to injure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dere</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Dere</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Harm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Robert of Brunne.</i>

<h1>Dereine, Dereyne</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw><hw>De*reine</hw>, <hw>De*reyne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Darraign</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Derelict</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Der"e*lict</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>derelictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>derelinquere</ets> to forsake wholly, to abandon; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>relinquere</ets> to leave. See <er>Relinquish</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Given up or forsaken by the natural owner or guardian; left and abandoned; <as>as, <ex>derelict</ex> lands</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The affections which these exposed or <b>derelict</b> children bear to their mothers, have no grounds of nature or assiduity but civility and opinion.

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lost; adrift; hence, wanting; careless; neglectful; unfaithful.</def>

<blockquote>They easily prevailed, so as to seize upon the vacant, unoccupied, and <b>derelict</b> minds of his [Chatham's] friends; and instantly they turned the vessel wholly out of the course of his policy.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A government which is either unable or unwilling to redress such wrongs is <b>derelict</b> to its highest duties.
<i>J. Buchanan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Derelict</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Der"e*lict</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A thing voluntary abandoned or willfully cast away by its proper owner, especially a ship abandoned at sea</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tract of land left dry by the sea, and fit for cultivation or use.</def>

<h1>Dereliction</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Der`e*lic"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>derelictio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of leaving with an intention not to reclaim or resume; an utter forsaking abandonment.</def>

<blockquote>Cession or <b>dereliction</b>, actual or tacit, of other powers.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A neglect or omission as if by willful abandonment.</def>

<blockquote>A total <b>dereliction</b> of military duties.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of being left or abandoned.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A retiring of the sea, occasioning a change of high-water mark, whereby land is gained.</def>

<h1>Dereligionize</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De`re*li"gion*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make irreligious; to turn from religion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He would <b>dereligionize</b> men beyond all others.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dereling</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Dere"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Darling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dereling</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Dere"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Darling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Derf</h1>
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<hw>Derf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>djafr</ets>.]</ety> <def>Strong; powerful; fierce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Derf"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Deride</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*ride"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Derided</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deriding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>deridere</ets>, <ets>derisum</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>rid<?/re</ets> to laugh. See <er>Ridicule</er>.]</ety> <def>To laugh at with contempt; to laugh to scorn; to turn to ridicule or make sport of; to mock; to scoff at.</def>

<blockquote>And the Pharisees, also, . . . <b>derided</b> him.
<i>Luke xvi. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sport that wrinkled Care <b>derides</b>.
And Laughter holding both his sides.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To mock; laugh at; ridicule; insult; taunt; jeer; banter; rally.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Deride</er>, <er>Ridicule</er>, <er>Mock</er>, <er>Taunt</er>. A man may <i>ridicule</i> without any unkindness of feeling; his object may be to correct; <as>as, to <ex>ridicule</ex> the follies of the age</as>. He who <i>derides</i> is actuated by a severe a contemptuous spirit; <as>as, to <ex>deride</ex> one for his religious principles</as>. To <i>mock</i> is stronger, and denotes open and scornful derision; <as>as, to <ex>mock</ex> at sin</as>. To <i>taunt</i> is to reproach with the keenest insult; <as>as, to <ex>taunt</ex> one for his misfortunes</as>. <i>Ridicule</i> consists more in words than in actions; <i>derision</i> and <i>mockery</i> evince themselves in actions as well as words; <i>taunts</i> are always expressed in words of extreme bitterness.</usage>

<h1>Derider</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*rid"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who derides, or laughs at, another in contempt; a mocker; a scoffer.</def>

<h1>Deridingly</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*rid"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of derision or mockery.</def>

<h1>Derision</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*ri"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>derisio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82rision</ets>. See <er>Deride</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of deriding, or the state of being derided; mockery; scornful or contemptuous treatment which holds one up to ridicule.</def>

<blockquote>He that sitteth in the heavens shall laugh; the Lord shall have them in <b>derision</b>.
<i>Ps. ii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sa<?/an beheld their plight,
And to his mates thus in <b>derision</b> called.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An object of derision or scorn; a laughing-stock.</def>

<blockquote>I was a <b>derision</b> to all my people.
<i>Lam. iii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Scorn; mockery; contempt; insult; ridicule.</syn>

<h1>Derisive</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*ri"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expressing, serving for, or characterized by, derision.</def> "<i>Derisive</i> taunts." <i>Pope</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>De*ri"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>De*ri"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Derisory</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*ri"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>derisorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82risoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Derisive; mocking.</def>

<i>Shaftesbury.</i>

<h1>Derivable</h1>
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<hw>De*riv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Derive</er>.]</ety> <def>That can be derived; obtainable by transmission; capable of being known by inference, as from premises or data; capable of being traced, as from a radical; <as>as, income is <ex>derivable</ex> from various sources</as>.</def>

<blockquote>All honor <b>derivable</b> upon me.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The exquisite pleasure <b>derivable</b> from the true and beautiful relations of domestic life.
<i>H. G. Bell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The argument <b>derivable</b> from the doxologies.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Derivably</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*riv"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By derivation.</def>

<h1>Derival</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*riv"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Derivation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>derival</b> of <b>e</b> from <b>a</b>.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Derivate</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Der"i*vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>derivatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>derivare</ets>. See <er>Derive</er>.]</ety> <def>Derived; derivative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>H. Taylor</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> A thing derived; a derivative.</def></def2> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Derivate</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Der"i*vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To derive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Huloet.</i>

<h1>Derivation</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Der`i*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>derivatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82rivation</ets>. See <er>Derive</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A leading or drawing off of water from a stream or source.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Burnet.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of receiving anything from a source; the act of procuring an effect from a cause, means, or condition, as profits from capital, conclusions or opinions from evidence.</def>

<blockquote>As touching traditional communication, . . . I do not doubt but many of those truths have had the help of that <b>derivation</b>.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of tracing origin or descent, as in grammar or genealogy; <as>as, the <ex>derivation</ex> of a word from an Aryan root</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The state or method of being derived; the relation of origin when established or asserted.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That from which a thing is derived.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>That which is derived; a derivative; a deduction.</def>

<blockquote>From the Euphrates into an artificial <b>derivation</b> of that river.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The operation of deducing one function from another according to some fixed law, called the <i>law of derivation</i>, as the of differentiation or of integration.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A drawing of humors or fluids from one part of the body to another, to relieve or lessen a morbid process.</def>

<h1>Derivational</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>Der`i*va"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to derivation.</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Derivative</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*riv"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>derivativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82rivatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Obtained by derivation; derived; not radical, original, or fundamental; originating, deduced, or formed from something else; secondary; <as>as, a <ex>derivative</ex> conveyance; a <ex>derivative</ex> word.</as></def>

<cs><col>Derivative circulation</col>, <cd>a modification of the circulation found in some parts of the body, in which the arteries empty directly into the veins without the interposition of capillaries.</cd></cs>

<i>Flint.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>De*riv"a*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>De*riv"a*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Derivative</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*riv"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is derived; anything obtained or deduced from another.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word formed from another word, by a prefix or suffix, an internal modification, or some other change; a word which takes its origin from a root.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A chord, not fundamental, but obtained from another by inversion; or, <i>vice versa</i>, a ground tone or root implied in its harmonics in an actual chord.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An agent which is adapted to produce a derivation (in the medical sense).</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A derived function; a function obtained from a given function by a certain algebraic process.</def>

<note>&hand; Except in the mode of derivation the derivative is the same as the differential coefficient. See <cref>Differential coefficient</cref>, under <er>Differential</er>.</note>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance so related to another substance by modification or partial substitution as to be regarded as derived from it; thus, the amido compounds are <i>derivatives</i> of ammonia, and the hydrocarbons are <i>derivatives</i> of methane, benzene, etc.</def>

<h1>Derive</h1>
<Xpage=395>

<hw>De*rive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Derived</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deriving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82river</ets>, L. <ets>derivare</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>rivus</ets> stream, brook. See <er>Rival</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To turn the course of, as water; to divert and distribute into subordinate channels; to diffuse; to communicate; to transmit; -- followed by <i>to</i>, <i>into</i>, <i>on</i>, <i>upon</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For fear it [water] choke up the pits . . . they [the workman] <b>derive</b> it by other drains.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Her due loves <b>derived</b> to that vile witch's share.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Derived</b> to us by tradition from Adam to Noah.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To receive, as from a source or origin; to obtain by descent or by transmission; to draw; to deduce; -- followed by <i>from</i>.</def>

<hr>
<page="396">
Page 396<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To trace the origin, descent, or derivation of; to recognize transmission of; <as>as, he <ex>derives</ex> this word from the Anglo-Saxon</as>.</def>

<blockquote>From these two causes . . . an ancient set of physicians <b>derived</b> all diseases.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To obtain one substance from another by actual or theoretical substitution; <as>as, to <ex>derive</ex> an organic acid from its corresponding hydrocarbon</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To trace; deduce; infer.</syn>

<h1>Derive</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>De*rive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To flow; to have origin; to descend; to proceed; to be deduced.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Power from heaven
<b>Derives</b>, and monarchs rule by gods appointed.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Derivement</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>De*rive"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is derived; deduction; inference.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I offer these <b>derivements</b> from these subjects.
<i>W. Montagu.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deriver</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>De*riv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who derives.</def>

<h1>Derk</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Derk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dark.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>-derm</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>-derm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Derm</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A suffix or terminal formative, much used in anatomical terms, and signifying <i>skin</i>, <i>integument</i>, <i>covering</i>; <as>as, blasto<ex>derm</ex>, ecto<ex>derm</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Derm</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Derm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, skin, fr. <?/ to skin, flay: cf. F. <ets>derme</ets>. See <er>Tear</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The integument of animal; the skin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dermis</er>.</def>

<h1>Derma</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Derm</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dermis</er>.</def>

<h1>Dermal</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Derm"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Derm</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the integument or skin of animals; dermic; <as>as, the <ex>dermal</ex> secretions</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the dermis or true skin.</def>

<mhw><h1>Dermaptera, Dermapteran</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der*map"te*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Der*map"ter*an</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dermoptera</er>, <er>Dermopteran</er>.</def>

<h1>Dermatic, Dermatine</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw><hw>Der*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Der"ma*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ skin.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the skin.</def>

<h1>Dermatitis</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der`ma*ti"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, skin + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the skin.</def>

<h1>Dermatogen</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der*mat"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, skin + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Nascent epidermis, or external cuticle of plants in a forming condition.</def>

<h1>Dermatogen</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der*mat"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, skin + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Nascent epidermis, or external cuticle of plants in a forming condition.</def>

<h1>Dermatography</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der*ma*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, skin + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>An anatomical description of, or treatise on, the skin.</def>

<h1>Dermatoid</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der"ma*toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, skin + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dermato\'8bde</ets>. Cf. <er>Dermoid</er>.]</ety> <def>Resembling <?/kin; skinlike.</def>

<h1>Dermatologist</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der`ma*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who discourses on the skin and its diseases; one versed in dermatology.</def>

<h1>Dermatology</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der`ma*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, skin + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dermatologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the skin, its structure, functions, and diseases.</def>

<h1>Dermatopathic</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der`ma*to*path"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, skin + <?/ suffering.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to skin diseases, or their cure.</def>

<h1>Dermatophyte</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der*mat"o*phyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, skin + <?/ plant.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A vegetable parasite, infesting the skin.</def>

<h1>Dermestes</h1>
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<hw>Der*mes"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/; <?/ skin + root of <?/  to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of coleopterous insects, the larv\'91 of which feed animal substances. They are very destructive to dries meats, skins, woolens, and furs. The most common species is <spn>D. lardarius</spn>, known as the <stype>bacon beetle</stype>.</def>

<h1>Dermestoid</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der*mes"toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dermestes</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to or resembling the genus Dermestes.</def>

<blockquote>The carpet beetle, called the buffalo moth, is a <b>dermestoid</b> beetle.
<i>Pop. Sci. Monthly.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dermic</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to the derm or skin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the dermis; dermal.</def>

<blockquote>Underneath each nail the deep or <b>dermic</b> layer of the integument is peculiarly modified.
<i>Huxley.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Dermic remedies</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>such as act through the skin.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dermis</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der"mis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Derm</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The deep sensitive layer of the skin beneath the scarfskin or epidermis; -- called also <altname>true skin</altname>, <altname>derm</altname>, <altname>derma</altname>, <altname>corium</altname>, <altname>cutis</altname>, and <altname>enderon</altname>. See <er>Skin</er>, and <i>Illust</i>. in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Dermobranchiata</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der`mo*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of nudibranch mollusks without special gills.</def>

<h1>Dermobranchiate</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der`mo*bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Derm</ets> + <ets>branchiate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the skin modified to serve as a gill.</def>

<h1>Dermoh\'91mal</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der`mo*h\'91"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or in relation with, both dermal and h\'91mal structures; <as>as, the <ex>dermoh\'91mal</ex> spines or ventral fin rays of fishes</as>.</def>

<h1>Dermoid</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der"moid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Derm</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dermo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Dermatoid</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Dermoid cyst</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a cyst containing skin, or structures connected with skin, such as hair.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dermoneural</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der`mo*neu"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or in relation with, both dermal and neural structures; <as>as, the <ex>dermoneural</ex> spines or dorsal fin rays of fishes</as>.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Dermopathic</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der`mo*path"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Dermatopathic.</def>

<h1>Dermophyte</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der"mo*phyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dermatophyte.</def>

<h1>Dermoptera</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der*mop"te*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ skin + <?/ wing.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of insects which includes the earwigs (<spn>Forticulid\'91</spn>).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of lemuroid mammals having a parachutelike web of skin between the fore and hind legs, of which the colugo (<spn>Galeopithecus</spn>) is the type. See <er>Colugo</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Mammalia; the Cheiroptera.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>Dermaptera</asp>, and <asp>Dermatoptera</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Dermopteran</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der*mop"ter*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect which has the anterior pair of wings coriaceous, and does not use them in flight, as the earwig.</def>

<h1>Dermopteri</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der*mop"te*ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Dermopterygii</er>.</def>

<h1>Dermopterygii</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der*mop`te*ryg"i*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ skin + <?/ wing, fin, dim. of <?/ wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of fishlike animals including the Marsipobranchiata and Leptocardia.</def>

<h1>Dermoskeleton</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der`mo*skel"e*ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Derm</ets> + <ets>skeleton</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Exoskeleton</er>.</def>

<h1>Dermostosis</h1>
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<hw>Der`mos*to"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ skin + <?/ bone.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Ossification of the dermis.</def>

<h1>Dern</h1>
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<hw>Dern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A gatepost or doorpost.</def> <mark>[Local Eng.]</mark>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Dern</h1>
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<hw>Dern</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dearn</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Hidden; concealed; secret.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Ye must be full <i>dern</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Solitary; sad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Derne</h1>
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<hw>Derne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>dyrnan</ets> to hide. See <er>Dern</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Dearn</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To hide; to skulk.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>He at length escaped them by <b>derning</b> himself in a foxearth.
<i>H. Miller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dernful</h1>
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<hw>Dern"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Secret; hence, lonely; sad; mournful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Dernful</i> noise."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Dernier</h1>
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<hw>Der`nier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., from OF. <ets>darrein</ets>, <ets>derrain</ets>. See <er>Darrein</er>.]</ety> <def>Last; final.</def>

<cs><col>Dernier ressort</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>last resort or expedient.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dernly</h1>
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<hw>Dern"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Secretly; grievously; mournfully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Derogant</h1>
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<hw>Der"o*gant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>derogans</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Derogatory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>T. Adams.</i>

<h1>Derogate</h1>
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<hw>Der"o*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Derogated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Derogating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>derogatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>derogare</ets> to derogate; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>rogare</ets> to ask, to ask the people about a law. See <er>Rogation</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To annul in part; to repeal partly; to restrict; to limit the action of; -- said of a law.</def>

<blockquote>By several contrary customs, . . . many of the civil and canon laws are controlled and <b>derogated</b>.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lessen; to detract from; to disparage; to depreciate; -- said of a person or thing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Anything . . . that should <b>derogate</b>, minish, or hurt his glory and his name.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Derogate</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der"o*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To take away; to detract; to withdraw; -- usually with <i>from</i>.</def>

<blockquote>If we did <b>derogate</b> from them whom their industry hath made great.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It <b>derogates</b> little from his fortitude, while it adds infinitely to the honor of his humanity.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act beneath one-s rank, place, birth, or character; to degenerate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>You are a fool granted; therefore your issues, being foolish, do not <b>derogate</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Would Charles X. <b>derogate</b> from his ancestors? Would he be the degenerate scion of that royal line?
<i>Hazlitt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Derogate</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der"o*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>derogatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Diminished in value; dishonored; degraded.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Derogately</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der"o*gate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a derogatory manner.</def>

<h1>Derogation</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Der`o*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>derogatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82rogation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of derogating, partly repealing, or lessening in value; disparagement; detraction; depreciation; -- followed by <i>of</i>, <i>from</i>, or <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>I hope it is no <b>derogation</b> to the Christian religion.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He counted it no <b>derogation</b> of his manhood to be seen to weep.
<i>F. W. Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Stock Exch.)</fld> <def>An alteration of, or subtraction from, a contract for a sale of stocks.</def>

<h1>Derogative</h1>
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<hw>De*rog"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Derogatory.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*rog"a*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Derogator</h1>
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<hw>Der"o*ga`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A detractor.</def>

<h1>Derogatorily</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>De*rog"a*to*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a derogatory manner; disparagingly.</def>

<i>Aubrey.</i>

<h1>Derogatoriness</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>De*rog"a*to*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being derogatory.</def>

<h1>Derogatory</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>De*rog"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to derogate, or lessen in value; expressing derogation; detracting; injurious; -- with <i>from to</i>, or <i>unto</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Acts of Parliament <b>derogatory</b> from the power of subsequent Parliaments bind not.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His language was severely censured by some of his brother peers as <b>derogatory</b> to their other.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Derogatory clause in a testament</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a sentence of secret character inserted by the testator alone, of which he reserves the knowledge to himself, with a condition that no will he may make thereafter shall be valid, unless this clause is inserted word for word; -- a precaution to guard against later wills extorted by violence, or obtained by suggestion.</cd></cs>

<h1>Derotremata</h1>
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<hw>Der`o*tre"ma*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ skin + <?/, <?/, hole.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The tribe of aquatic Amphibia which includes Amphiuma, Menopoma, etc. They have permanent gill openings, but no external gills; -- called also <spn>Cryptobranchiata</spn>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Derotrema</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Derre</h1>
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<hw>Der"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dearer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Derrick</h1>
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<hw>Der"rick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Orig., a gallows, from a hangman named <ets>Derrick</ets>. The name is of Dutch origin; D. <ets>Diederik</ets>, <ets>Dierryk</ets>, prop. meaning, chief of the people; cf. AS. <ets>pe\'a2dric</ets>, E. <ets>Theodoric</ets>, G. <ets>Dietrich</ets>. See <er>Dutch</er>, and <er>Rich</er>.]</ety> <def>A mast, spar, or tall frame, supported at the top by stays or guys, with suitable tackle for hoisting heavy weights, as stones in building.</def>

<cs><col>Derrick crane</col>, <cd>a combination of the derrick and the crane, having facility for hoisting and also for swinging the load horizontally.</cd></cs>

<h1>Derring</h1>
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<hw>Der"ring</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Daring or warlike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Drad for his <b>derring</b> doe and bloody deed.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Derringer</h1>
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<hw>Der"rin*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the American inventor.]</ety> <def>A kind of short-barreled pocket pistol, of very large caliber, often carrying a half-ounce ball.</def>

<h1>Derth</h1>
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<hw>Derth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dearth; scarcity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Dertrotheca</h1>
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<hw>Der`tro*the"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ beak + <?/ box, case.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The horny covering of the end of the bill of birds.</def>

<h1>Dervish, Dervise, Dervis</h1>
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<hw><hw>Der"vish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Der"vise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Der"vis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>derw<?/sch</ets>, fr. OPer. <ets>derew</ets> to beg, ask alms: cf. F. <ets>derviche</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Turkish or Persian monk, especially one who professes extreme poverty and leads an austere life.</def>

<h1>Derworth</h1>
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<hw>Der"worth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>de\'a2rwurpe</ets>, lit., dearworth.]</ety> <def>Precious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Descant</h1>
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<hw>Des"cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>descant</ets>, <ets>deschant</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82chant</ets>, <ets>discant</ets>, LL. <ets>discantus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dis + cantus</ets> singing, melody, fr. <ets>canere</ets> to sing. See <er>Chant</er>, and cf. <er>Descant</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, <er>Discant</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Originally, a double song; a melody or counterpoint sung above the plain song of the tenor; a variation of an air; a variation by ornament of the main subject or plain song.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The upper voice in part music.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The <i>canto</i>, <i>cantus</i>, or soprano voice; the treble.</def>

<i>Grove.</i>

<blockquote>Twenty doctors expound one text twenty ways, as children make <b>descant</b> upon plain song.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She [the nightingale] all night long her amorous <b>descant</b> sung.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The term has also been used synonymously with counterpoint, or polyphony, which developed out of the French <i>d\'82chant</i>, of the 12th century.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A discourse formed on its theme, like variations on a musical air; a comment or comments.</def>

<blockquote>Upon that simplest of themes how magnificent a <b>descant</b>!
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Descant</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Des*cant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Descanted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Descanting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <ets>descant</ets>; <ets>n.</ets>; or directly fr. OF. <ets>descanter</ets>, <ets>deschanter</ets>; L. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>cantare</ets> to sing.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To sing a variation or accomplishment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To comment freely; to discourse with fullness and particularity; to discourse at large.</def>

<blockquote>A virtuous man should be pleased to find people <b>descanting</b> on his actions.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Descanter</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>Des*cant"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who descants.</def>

<h1>Descend</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>De*scend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Descended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Descending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>descendre</ets>, L. <ets>descendere</ets>, <ets>descensum</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>scandere</ets> to climb. See <er>Scan</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To pass from a higher to a lower place; to move downwards; to come or go down in any way, as by falling, flowing, walking, etc.; to plunge; to fall; to incline downward; -- the opposite of <i>ascend</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The rain <b>descended</b>, and the floods came.
<i>Matt. vii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We will here <b>descend</b> to matters of later date.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enter mentally; to retire.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>[He] with holiest meditations fed,
Into himself <b>descended</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make an attack, or incursion, as if from a vantage ground; to come suddenly and with violence; -- with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<blockquote>And on the suitors let thy wrath <b>descend</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To come down to a lower, less fortunate, humbler, less virtuous, or worse, state or station; to lower or abase one's self; <as>as, he <ex>descended</ex> from his high estate</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To pass from the more general or important to the particular or less important matters to be considered.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To come down, as from a source, original, or stock; to be derived; to proceed by generation or by transmission; to fall or pass by inheritance; <as>as, the beggar may <ex>descend</ex> from a prince; a crown <ex>descends</ex> to the heir.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>To move toward the south, or to the southward.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To fall in pitch; to pass from a higher to a lower tone.</def>

<h1>Descend</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>De*scend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To go down upon or along; to pass from a higher to a lower part of; <as>as, they <ex>descended</ex> the river in boats; to <ex>descend</ex> a ladder.</as></def>

<blockquote>But never tears his cheek <b>descended</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Descendant</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>De*scend"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>descendant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>descendre</ets>. Cf. <er>Descendent</er>.]</ety> <def>Descendent.</def>

<h1>Descendant</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>De*scend"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who descends, as offspring, however remotely; -- correlative to <i>ancestor</i> or <i>ascendant</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Our first parents and their <b>descendants</b>.
<i>Hale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>descendant</b> of so many kings and emperors.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Descendent</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>De*scend"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>descendens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>descendre</ets>. Cf. <er>Descendant</er>.]</ety> <def>Descending; falling; proceeding from an ancestor or source.</def>

<blockquote>More than mortal grace
Speaks thee <b>descendent</b> of ethereal race.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Descender</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>De*scend"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who descends.</def>

<h1>Descendibility</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>De*scend`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being descendible; capability of being transmitted from ancestors; <as>as, the <ex>descendibility</ex> of an estate</as>.</def>

<h1>Descendible</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>De*scend"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Admitting descent; capable of being descended.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That may descend from an ancestor to an heir.</def> "A <i>descendant</i> estate."

<i>Sir W. Jones.</i>

<h1>Descending</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>De*scend"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to descent; moving downwards.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Descending constellations</col> &or; <col>signs</col></mcol> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>those through which the planets descent toward the south.</cd> -- <col>Descending node</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>that point in a planet's orbit where it intersects the ecliptic in passing southward.</cd> -- <col>Descending series</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a series in which each term is numerically smaller than the preceding one; also, a series arranged according to descending powers of a quantity.</cd></cs>

<h1>Descendingly</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>De*scend"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a descending manner.</def>

<h1>Descension</h1>
<Xpage=396>

<hw>De*scen"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>descension</ets>, L. <ets>descensio</ets>. See <er>Descent</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of going downward; descent; falling or sinking; declension; degradation.</def>

<cs><col>Oblique descension</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the degree or arc of the equator which descends, with a celestial object, below the horizon of an oblique sphere.</cd> -- <col>Right descension</col>, <cd>the degree or arc of the equator which descends below the horizon of a right sphere at the same time with the object. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="397">
Page 397<p>

<h1>Descensional</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*scen"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to descension.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Descensive</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*scen"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to descend; tending downwards; descending.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Descensory</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*scen"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>descensorium</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>descensoire</ets>. See <er>Descend</er>.]</ety> <def>A vessel used in alchemy to extract oils.</def>

<h1>Descent</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*scent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>descente</ets>, fr. <ets>descendre</ets>; like <ets>vente</ets>, from <ets>vendre</ets>. See <er>Descend</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of descending, or passing downward; change of place from higher to lower.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Incursion; sudden attack; especially, hostile invasion from sea; -- often followed by <i>upon</i> or <i>on</i>; <as>as, to make a <ex>descent</ex> upon the enemy</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The United Provinces . . . ordered public prayer to God, when they feared that the French and English fleets would make a <b>descent</b> upon their coasts.
<i>Jortin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Progress downward, as in station, virtue, as in station, virtue, and the like, from a higher to a lower state, from a higher to a lower state, from the more to the less important, from the better to the worse, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Derivation, as from an ancestor; procedure by generation; lineage; birth; extraction.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Transmission of an estate by inheritance, usually, but not necessarily, in the descending line; title to inherit an estate by reason of consanguinity.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Inclination downward; a descending way; inclined or sloping surface; declivity; slope; <as>as, a steep <ex>descent</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>That which is descended; descendants; issue.</def>

<blockquote>If care of our <b>descent</b> perplex us most,
Which must be born to certain woe.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A step or remove downward in any scale of gradation; a degree in the scale of genealogy; a generation.</def>

<blockquote>No man living is a thousand <b>descents</b> removed from Adam himself.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Lowest place; extreme downward place.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>And from the extremest upward of thy head,
To the <b>descent</b> and dust below thy foot.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A passing from a higher to a lower tone.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Declivity; slope; degradation; extraction; lineage; assault; invasion; attack.</syn>

<h1>Describable</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*scrib"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That can be described; capable of description.</def>

<h1>Describe</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*scribe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Described</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Describing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>describere</ets>, <ets>descriptum</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>scribere</ets> to write: cf. OE. <ets>descriven</ets>, OF. <ets>descrivre</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82crire</ets>. See <er>Scribe</er>, and cf. <er>Descry</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To represent by drawing; to draw a plan of; to delineate; to trace or mark out; <as>as, to <ex>describe</ex> a circle by the compasses; a torch waved about the head in such a way as to <ex>describe</ex> a circle.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To represent by words written or spoken; to give an account of; to make known to others by words or signs; <as>as, the geographer <ex>describes</ex> countries and cities</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To distribute into parts, groups, or classes; to mark off; to class.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Passed through the land, and <b>described</b> it by cities into seven parts in a book.
<i>Josh. xviii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To set forth; represent; delineate; relate; recount; narrate; express; explain; depict; portray; chracterize.</syn>

<h1>Describe</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*scribe"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To use the faculty of describing; to give a description; <as>as, Milton <ex>describes</ex> with uncommon force and beauty</as>.</def>

<h1>Describent</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*scrib"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>describens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>describere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Generatrix</er>.</def>

<h1>Describer</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*scrib"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who describes.</def>

<h1>Descrier</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*scri"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who descries.</def>

<h1>Description</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*scrip"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>description</ets>, L. <ets>descriptio</ets>. See <er>Describe</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of describing; a delineation by marks or signs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sketch or account of anything in words; a portraiture or representation in language; an enumeration of the essential qualities of a thing or species.</def>

<blockquote>Milton has <b>descriptions</b> of morning.
<i>D. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A class to which a certain representation is applicable; kind; sort.</def>

<blockquote>A difference . . . between them and another <b>description</b> of public creditors.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The plates were all of the meanest <b>description</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Account; definition; recital; relation; detail; narrative; narration; explanation; delineation; representation; kind; sort. See <er>Definition</er>.</syn>

<h1>Descriptive</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*scrip"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>descriptivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>descriptif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to describe; having the quality of representing; containing description; <as>as, a <ex>descriptive</ex> figure; a <ex>descriptive</ex> phrase; a <ex>descriptive</ex> narration; a story <ex>descriptive</ex> of the age.</as></def>

<cs><col>Descriptive anatomy</col>, <cd>that part of anatomy which treats of the forms and relations of parts, but not of their textures.</cd> -- <col>Descriptive geometry</col>, <cd>that branch of geometry. which treats of the graphic solution of problems involving three dimensions, by means of projections upon auxiliary planes.</cd></cs>

<i>Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. )</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>De*scrip"tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>De*scrip"tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Descrive</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*scrive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>descrivre</ets>. See <er>Describe</er>.]</ety> <def>To describe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Descry</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*scry"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Descried</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Descrying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>descrien</ets>, <ets>discrien</ets>, to espy, prob. from the proclaiming of what was espied, fr. OF. <ets>descrier</ets> to proclaim, cry down, decry, F. <ets>d\'82crier</ets>. The word was confused somewhat with OF. <ets>descriven</ets>, E. <ets>describe</ets>, OF. <ets>descrivre</ets>, from L. <ets>describere</ets>. See <er>Decry</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To spy out or discover by the eye, as objects distant or obscure; to espy; to recognize; to discern; to discover.</def>

<blockquote>And the house of Joseph sent to <b>descry</b> Bethel.
<i>Judg. i. 23.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Edmund, I think, is gone . . . to <b>descry</b>
The strength o' the enemy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And now their way to earth they had <b>descried</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To discover; to disclose; to reveal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>His purple robe he had thrown aside, lest it should <b>descry</b> him.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To see; behold; espy; discover; discern.</syn>

<h1>Descry</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*scry"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, Discovery or view, as of an army seen at a distance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Near, and on speedy foot; the main <b>descry</b>
Stands on the hourly thought.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desecate</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>Des"e*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desecare</ets> to cut off.]</ety> <def>To cut, as with a scythe; to mow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Desecrate</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>Des"e*crate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Desecrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Desecrating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>desecratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>desecrare</ets> (also <ets>desacrare</ets>) to consecrate, dedicate; but taken in the sense if to divest of a sacred character; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>sacrare</ets> to consecrate, fr. <ets>sacer</ets> sacred. See <er>Sacred</er>.]</ety> <def>To divest of a sacred character or office; to divert from a sacred purpose; to violate the sanctity of; to profane; to put to an unworthy use; -- the opposite of <i>consecrate</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The [Russian] clergy can not suffer corporal punishment without being previously <b>desecrated</b>.
<i>W. Tooke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The founders of monasteries imprecated evil on those who should <b>desecrate</b> their donations.
<i>Salmon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desecrater</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>Des"e*cra`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who desecrates; a profaner.</def>

<i>Harper's Mag.</i>

<h1>Desecration</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>Des`e*cra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of desecrating; profanation; condition of anything desecrated.</def>

<h1>Desecrator</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>Des"e*cra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who desecrates.</def> "<i>Desecrators</i> of the church."

<i>Morley.</i>

<h1>Desegmentation</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*seg`men*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The loss or obliteration of division into segments; <as>as, a <ex>desegmentation</ex> of the body</as>.</def>

<h1>Desert</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*sert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>deserte</ets>, <ets>desserte</ets>, merit, recompense, fr. <ets>deservir</ets>, <ets>desservir</ets>, to merit. See <er>Deserve</er>.]</ety> <def>That which is deserved; the reward or the punishment justly due; claim to recompense, usually in a good sense; right to reward; merit.</def>

<blockquote>According to their <b>deserts</b> will I judge them.
<i>Ezek. vii. 27.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Andronicus, surnamed Pius
For many good and great <b>deserts</b> to Rome.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His reputation falls far below his <b>desert</b>.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Merit; worth; excellence; due.</syn>

<h1>Desert</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>Des"ert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82sert</ets>, L. <ets>desertum</ets>, from <ets>desertus</ets> solitary, desert, pp. of <ets>deserere</ets> to desert; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>serere</ets> to join together. See <er>Series</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A deserted or forsaken region; a barren tract incapable of supporting population, as the vast sand plains of Asia and Africa are destitute and vegetation.</def>

<blockquote>A dreary <b>desert</b> and a gloomy waste.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tract, which may be capable of sustaining a population, but has been left unoccupied and uncultivated; a wilderness; a solitary place.</def>

<blockquote>He will make her wilderness like Eden, and her <b>desert</b> like the garden of the Lord.
<i>Is. li. 3.</i></blockquote>

<note>Also figuratively.</note>

<blockquote>Before her extended
Dreary and vast and silent, the <b>desert</b> of life.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desert</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>Des"ert</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>desertus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deserere</ets>, and F. <ets>d\'82sert</ets>. See 2d <er>Desert</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a desert; forsaken; without life or cultivation; unproductive; waste; barren; wild; desolate; solitary; <as>as, they landed on a <ex>desert</ex> island</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . went aside privately into a <b>desert</b> place.
<i>Luke ix. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Full many a flower is born to blush unseen,
And waste its sweetness on the <b>desert</b> air.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Desert flora</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the assemblage of plants growing naturally in a desert, or in a dry and apparently unproductive place.</cd> -- <col>Desert hare</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small hare (<spn>Lepus sylvaticus</spn>, var. <spn>Arizon\'91</spn>) inhabiting the deserts of the Western United States.</cd> -- <col>Desert mouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American mouse (<spn>Hesperomys eremicus</spn>), living in the Western deserts.</cd></cs>

<h1>Desert</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*sert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deserted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deserting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>desertus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deserere</ets> to desert, F. <ets>d\'82serter</ets>. See 2d <er>Desert</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To leave (especially something which one should stay by and support); to leave in the lurch; to abandon; to forsake; -- implying blame, except sometimes when used of <i>localities</i>; <as>as, to <ex>desert</ex> a friend, a principle, a cause, one's country</as>.</def> "The <i>deserted</i> fortress."

<i>Prescott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To abandon (the service) without leave; to forsake in violation of duty; to abscond from; <as>as, to <ex>desert</ex> the army; to <ex>desert</ex> one's colors.</as></def>

<h1>Desert</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*sert"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To abandon a service without leave; to quit military service without permission, before the expiration of one's term; to abscond.</def>

<blockquote>The soldiers . . . <b>deserted</b> in numbers.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To abandon; forsake; leave; relinquish; renounce; quit; depart from; abdicate. See <er>Abandon</er>.</syn>

<h1>Deserter</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*sert"er</hw> <fld>(<?/)</fld>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who forsakes a duty, a cause or a party, a friend, or any one to whom he owes service; especially, a soldier or a seaman who abandons the service without leave; one guilty of desertion.</def>

<h1>Desertful</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*sert"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Meritorious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Desertion</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*ser"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desertio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82sertion</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of deserting or forsaking; abandonment of a service, a cause, a party, a friend, or any post of duty; the quitting of one's duties willfully and without right; esp., an absconding from military or naval service.</def>

<blockquote>Such a resignation would have seemed to his superior a <b>desertion</b> or a reproach.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being forsaken; desolation; <as>as, the king in his <ex>desertion</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Abandonment by God; spiritual despondency.</def>

<blockquote>The spiritual agonies of a soul under <b>desertion</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desertless</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*sert"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without desert.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Desertlessly</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*sert"less*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Undeservedly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Desertness</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>Des"ert*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A deserted condition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>desertness</i> of the country."

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Desertrix, Desertrice</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw><hw>De*sert"rix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>De*sert"rice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desertrix</ets>.]</ety> <def>A feminine deserter.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Deserve</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*serve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deserved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deserving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>deservir</ets>, <ets>desservir</ets>, to merit, L. <ets>deservire</ets> to serve zealously, be devoted to; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>servire</ets> to serve. See <er>Serve</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To earn by service; to be worthy of (something due, either good or evil); to merit; to be entitled to; <as>as, the laborer <ex>deserves</ex> his wages; a work of value <ex>deserves</ex> praise.</as></def>

<blockquote>God exacteth of thee less than thine iniquity <b>deserveth</b>.
<i>Job xi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>John Gay <b>deserved</b> to be a favorite.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Encouragement is not held out to things that <b>deserve</b> reprehension.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To serve; to treat; to benefit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A man that hath
So well <b>deserved</b> me.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deserve</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*serve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be worthy of recompense; -- usually with <i>ill</i> or with <i>well</i>.</def>

<blockquote>One man may merit or <b>deserve</b> of another.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deservedly</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*serv"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to desert (whether good or evil); justly.</def>

<h1>Deservedness</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*serv"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Meritoriousness.</def>

<h1>Deserver</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*serv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who deserves.</def>

<h1>Deserving</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*serv"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Desert; merit.</def>

<blockquote>A person of great <b>deservings</b> from the republic.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deserving</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*serv"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Meritorious; worthy; <as>as, a <ex>deserving</ex> or act</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*serv"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Deshabille</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>Des`ha*bille</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82shabill\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>d\'82shabiller</ets> to undress; pref. <ets>d\'82s-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>habiller</ets> to dress. See <er>Habiliment</er>, and cf. <er>Dishabille</er>.]</ety> <def>An undress; a careless toilet.</def>

<h1>Desiccant</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*sic"cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desiccans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>desiccare</ets>. See <er>Desiccate</er>.]</ety> <def>Drying; desiccative.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def> <fld>(Med.)</fld> A medicine or application for drying up a sore.</def></def2>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Desiccate</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>Des"ic*cate</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Desiccated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Desiccating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>desiccatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>desiccare</ets> to dry up; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>siccare</ets> to dry, <ets>siccus</ets> dry. See <er>Sack</er> wine.]</ety> <def>To dry up; to deprive or exhaust of moisture; to preserve by drying; <as>as, to <ex>desiccate</ex> fish or fruit</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Bodies <b>desiccated</b> by heat or age.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desiccate</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>Des"ic*cate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become dry.</def>

<h1>Desiccation</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>Des`ic*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dessiccation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of desiccating, or the state of being desiccated.</def>

<h1>Desiccative</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*sic"ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dessicatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Drying; tending to dry.</def> <i>Ferrand</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An application for drying up secretions.</def></def2>

<h1>Desiccator</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>Des"ic*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, desiccates.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A short glass jar fitted with an air-tight cover, and containing some desiccating agent, as sulphuric acid or calcium chloride, above which is suspended the material to be dried, or preserved from moisture.</def>

<h1>Desiccatory</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*sic"ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Desiccative.</def>

<h1>Desiderable</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*sid"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Desirable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Good and <i>desiderable</i> things."

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Desiderata</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*sid`e*ra"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Desideratum</er>.</def>

<h1>Desiderate</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*sid"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Desiderated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Desiderating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>desideratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>desiderare</ets> to desire, miss. See <er>Desire</er>, and cf.  <er>Desideratum</er>.]</ety> <def>To desire; to feel the want of; to lack; to miss; to want.</def>

<blockquote>Pray have the goodness to point out one word missing that ought to have been there -- please to insert a <b>desiderated</b> stanza. You can not.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Men were beginning . . . to <b>desiderate</b> for them an actual abode of fire.
<i>A. W. Ward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desideration</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*sid`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desideratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of desiderating; also, the thing desired.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jeffrey.</i>

<h1>Desiderative</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*sid"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desiderativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Denoting desire; <as>as, <ex>desiderative</ex> verbs</as>.</def>

<h1>Desiderative</h1>
<Xpage=397>

<hw>De*sid"er*a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An object of desire.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A verb formed from another verb by a change of termination, and expressing the desire of doing that which is indicated by the primitive verb.</def>

<h1>Desideratum</h1>
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<hw>De*sid`e*ra"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Desiderata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>desideratus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Desiderate</er>.]</ety> <def>Anything desired; that of which the lack is felt; a want generally felt and acknowledge.</def>

<h1>Desidiose, Desidious</h1>
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<hw><hw>De*sid"i*ose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>De*sid"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desidiosus</ets>, fr. <ets>desidia</ets> a sitting idle, fr. <ets>desid<?/re</ets> to sit idle; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>sed<?/re</ets> to sit.]</ety> <def>Idle; lazy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Desidiousness</h1>
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<hw>De*sid"i*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being desidiose, or indolent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>N. Bacon.</i>

<h1>Desight</h1>
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<hw>De*sight"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>sight</ets>.]</ety> <def>An unsightly object.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Desightment</h1>
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<hw>De*sight"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of making unsightly; disfigurement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To substitute jury masts at whatever <b>desightment</b> or damage in risk.
<i>London Times.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Design</h1>
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<hw>De*sign"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Designed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Designing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82signer</ets> to designate, cf. F. <ets>dessiner</ets> to draw, <ets>dessin</ets> drawing, <ets>dessein</ets> a plan or scheme; all, ultimately, from L. <ets>designare</ets> to designate; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>signare</ets> to mark, mark out, <ets>signum</ets> mark, sign. See <er>Sign</er>, and cf. <er>Design</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Designate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw preliminary outline or main features of; to sketch for a pattern or model; to delineate; to trace out; to draw.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mark out and exhibit; to designate; to indicate; to show; to point out; to appoint.</def>

<blockquote>We shall see
Justice <b>design</b> the victor's chivalry.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Meet me to-morrow where the master
And this fraternity shall <b>design</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To create or produce, as a work of art; to form a plan or scheme of; to form in idea; to invent; to project; to lay out in the mind; <as>as, a man <ex>designs</ex> an essay, a poem, a statue, or a cathedral</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To intend or purpose; -- usually with <i>for</i> before the remote object, but sometimes with <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Ask of politicians the end for which laws were originally <b>designed</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He was <b>designed</b> to the study of the law.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To sketch; plan; purpose; intend; propose; project; mean.</syn>

<h1>Design</h1>
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<hw>De*sign"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form a design or designs; to plan.</def>

<cs><col>Design for</col>, <cd>to intend to go to. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "From this city she <i>designed for<i> Collin [Cologne]."</cd></cs>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<hr>
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Page 398<p>

<h1>Design</h1>
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<hw>De*sign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>dessein</ets>, <ets>dessin</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A preliminary sketch; an outline or pattern of the main features of something to be executed, as of a picture, a building, or a decoration; a delineation; a plan.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A plan or scheme formed in the mind of something to be done; preliminary conception; idea intended to be expressed in a visible form or carried into action; intention; purpose; -- often used in a bad sense for evil intention or purpose; scheme; plot.</def>

<blockquote>The vast <b>design</b> and purpos<?/ of the King.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The leaders of that assembly who withstood the <b>designs</b> of a besotted woman.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A . . . settled <b>design</b> upon another man's life.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How little he could guess the secret <b>designs</b> of the court!
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Specifically, intention or purpose as revealed or inferred from the adaptation of means to an end; <as>as, the argument from <ex>design</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The realization of an inventive or decorative plan; esp., a work of decorative art considered as a new creation; conception or plan shown in completed work; <as>as, this carved panel is a fine <ex>design</ex>, or of a fine <ex>design</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The invention and conduct of the subject; the disposition of every part, and the general order of the whole.</def>

<cs><col>Arts of design</col>, <cd>those into which the designing of artistic forms and figures enters as a principal part, as architecture, painting, engraving, sculpture.</cd> -- <col>School of design</col>, <cd>one in which are taught the invention and delineation of artistic or decorative figures, patterns, and the like.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Intention; purpose; scheme; project; plan; idea.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Design</er>, <er>Intention</er>, <er>Purpose</er>. <i>Design</i> has reference to something definitely aimed at. <i>Intention</i> points to the feelings or desires with which a thing is sought. <i>Purpose has</i> reference to a settled choice or determination for its attainment. "I had no <i>design</i> to injure you," means it was no part of my aim or object. "I had no <i>intention</i> to injure you," means, I had no wish or desire of that kind. "My <i>purpose</i> was directly the reverse," makes the case still stronger.</usage>

<blockquote>Is he a prudent man . . . that lays <b>designs</b> only for a day, without any prospect to the remaining part of his life?
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I wish others the same <b>intention</b>, and greater successes.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is the <b>purpose</b> that makes strong the vow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Designable</h1>
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<hw>Des"ig*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being designated or distinctly marked out; distinguishable.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Designate</h1>
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<hw>Des"ig*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>designatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>designare</ets>. See <er>Design</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Designated; appointed; chosen.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir G. Buck.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Designate</h1>
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<hw>Des"ig*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Designated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Designating</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To mark out and make known; to point out; to name; to indicate; to show; to distinguish by marks or description; to specify; <as>as, to <ex>designate</ex> the boundaries of a country; to <ex>designate</ex> the rioters who are to be arrested.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To call by a distinctive title; to name.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To indicate or set apart for a purpose or duty; -- with <i>to</i> or <i>for</i>; to <i>designate</i> an officer for or to the command of a post or station.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To name; denominate; style; entitle; characterize; describe.</syn>

<h1>Designation</h1>
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<hw>Des`ig*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>designatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82signation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of designating; a pointing out or showing; indication.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Selection and appointment for a purpose; allotment; direction.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which designates; a distinguishing mark or name; distinctive title; appellation.</def>

<blockquote>The usual <b>designation</b> of the days of the week.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Use or application; import; intention; signification, as of a word or phrase.</def>

<blockquote>Finite and infinite seem . . . to be attributed primarily, in their first <b>designation</b>, only to those things have parts.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Designative</h1>
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<hw>Des"ig*na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82signatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to designate or indicate; pointing out.</def>

<h1>Designator</h1>
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<hw>Des"ig*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An officer who assigned to each his rank and place in public shows and ceremonies.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who designates.</def>

<h1>Designatory</h1>
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<hw>Des"ig*na*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to designate; designative; indicating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Designedly</h1>
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<hw>De*sign"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By design; purposely; intentionally; -- opposed to <i>accidentally</i>, <i>ignorantly</i>, or <i>inadvertently</i>.</def>

<h1>Designer</h1>
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<hw>De*sign"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who designs, marks out, or plans; a contriver.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>One who produces or creates original works of art or decoration.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A plotter; a schemer; -- used in a bad sense.</def>

<h1>Designful</h1>
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<hw>De*sign"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of design; scheming.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>De*sign"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Designing</h1>
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<hw>De*sign"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Intriguing; artful; scheming; <as>as, a <ex>designing</ex> man</as>.</def>

<h1>Designing</h1>
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<hw>De*sign"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of making designs or sketches; the act of forming designs or plans.</def>

<h1>Designless</h1>
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<hw>De*sign"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without design.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>De*sign"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Designment</h1>
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<hw>De*sign"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Delineation; sketch; design; ideal; invention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For though that some mean artist's skill were shown
In mingling colors, or in placing light,
Yet still the fair <b>designment</b> was his own.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Design; purpose; scheme.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Desilver</h1>
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<hw>De*sil"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of silver; <as>as, to <ex>desilver</ex> lead</as>.</def>

<h1>Desilverization</h1>
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<hw>De*sil`ver*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or the process of freeing from silver; also, the condition resulting from the removal of silver.</def>

<h1>Desilverize</h1>
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<hw>De*sil"ver*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive, or free from, silver; to remove silver from.</def>

<h1>Desinence</h1>
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<hw>Des"i*nence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82sinence</ets>.]</ety> <def>Termination; ending.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Desinent</h1>
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<hw>Des"i*nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desinens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>desinere</ets>, <ets>desitum</ets>, to leave off, cease; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>sinere</ets> to let, allow.]</ety> <def>Ending; forming an end; lowermost.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Their <i>desinent</i> parts, fish."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Desinential</h1>
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<hw>Des`i*nen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82sinentiel</ets>.]</ety> <def>Terminal.</def>

<blockquote>Furthermore, <b>b</b>, as a <b>desinential</b> element, has a dynamic function.
<i>Fitzed.  Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desipient</h1>
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<hw>De*sip"i*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desipiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>desipere</ets> to be foolish; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>sapere</ets> to be wise.]</ety> <def>Foolish; silly; trifling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Desirability</h1>
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<hw>De*sir`a*bil"i*ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being desirable; desirableness.</def>

<h1>Desirable</h1>
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<hw>De*sir"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82sirable</ets>, fr. L. <ets>desiderabilis</ets>. See <er>Desire</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Worthy of desire or longing; fitted to excite desire or a wish to possess; pleasing; agreeable.</def>

<blockquote>All of them <b>desirable</b> young men.
<i>Ezek. xxiii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As things <b>desirable</b> excite
Desire, and objects move the appetite.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desirableness</h1>
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<hw>De*sir"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being desirable.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>desirableness</b> of the Austrian alliance.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desirably</h1>
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<hw>De*sir"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a desirable manner.</def>

<h1>Desire</h1>
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<hw>De*sire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Desired</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Desiring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82sirer</ets>, L. <ets>desiderare</ets>, origin uncertain, perh. fr. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>sidus</ets> star, constellation, and hence orig., to turn the eyes from the stars. Cf. <er>Consider</er>, and <er>Desiderate</er>, and see <er>Sidereal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To long for; to wish for earnestly; to covet.</def>

<blockquote>Neither shall any man <b>desire</b> thy land.
<i>Ex. xxxiv. 24.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ye <b>desire</b> your child to live.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To express a wish for; to entreat; to request.</def>

<blockquote>Then she said, Did I <b>desire</b> a son of my lord?
<i>2 Kings iv. 28.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Desire</b> him to go in; trouble him no more.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To require; to demand; to claim.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A doleful case <b>desires</b> a doleful song.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To miss; to regret.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She shall be pleasant while she lives, and <b>desired</b> when she dies.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To long for; hanker after; covet; wish; ask; request; solicit; entreat; beg.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Desire</er>, <er>Wish</er>. In <i>desire</i> the feeling is usually more eager than in <i>wish</i>. "I <i>wish</i> you to do this" is a milder form of command than "I <i>desire</i> you to do this," though the feeling prompting the injunction may be the susage>

<i>C. J. Smith.</i>
</syn>

<h1>Desire</h1>
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<hw>De*sire"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82sir</ets>, fr. <ets>d\'82sirer</ets>. See <er>Desire</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The natural longing that is excited by the enjoyment or the thought of any good, and impels to action or effort its continuance or possession; an eager wish to obtain or enjoy.</def>

<blockquote>Unspeakable <b>desire</b> to see and know.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An expressed wish; a request; petition.</def>

<blockquote>And slowly was my mother brought
To yield consent to my <b>desire</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything which is desired; an object of longing.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>Desire</b> of all nations shall come.
<i>Hag. ii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Excessive or morbid longing; lust; appetite.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Grief; regret.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Wish; appetency; craving; inclination; eagerness; aspiration; longing.</syn>

<h1>Desireful</h1>
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<hw>De*sire"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Filled with desire; eager.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>desireful</b> troops.
<i>Godfrey (1594).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desirefulness</h1>
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<hw>De*sire"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being desireful; eagerness to obtain and possess.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>desirefulness</b> of our minds much augmenteth and increaseth our pleasure.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desireless</h1>
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<hw>De*sire"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from desire.</def>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Desirer</h1>
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<hw>De*sir"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who desires, asks, or wishes.</def>

<h1>Desirous</h1>
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<hw>De*sir"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82sireux</ets>, OF. <ets>desiros</ets>, fr. <ets>desir</ets>. See <er>Desire</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Feeling desire; eagerly wishing; solicitous; eager to obtain; covetous.</def>

<blockquote>Jesus knew that they were <b>desirous</b> to ask him.
<i>John xvi. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Be not <b>desirous</b> of his dainties.
<i>Prov. xxiii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desirously</h1>
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<hw>De*sir"ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With desire; eagerly.</def>

<h1>Desirousness</h1>
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<hw>De*sir"ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being desirous.</def>

<h1>Desist</h1>
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<hw>De*sist"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Desisted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Desisting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>desistere</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>sistere</ets> to stand, stop, fr. <ets>stare</ets> to stand: cf. F. <ets>d\'82sister</ets>. See <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <def>To cease to proceed or act; to stop; to forbear; -- often with <i>from</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Never <b>desisting</b> to do evil.
<i>E. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>desist</b> from his bad practice.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Desist</b> (thou art discern'd,
And toil'st in vain).
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desistance</h1>
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<hw>De*sist"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>desistance</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or state of desisting; cessation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<blockquote>If fatigue of body or brain were in every case followed by <b>desistance</b> . . . then would the system be but seldom out of working order.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desistive</h1>
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<hw>De*sist"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Desist</er>.]</ety> <def>Final; conclusive; ending.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Desition</h1>
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<hw>De*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Desinent</er>.]</ety> <def>An end or ending.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Desitive</h1>
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<hw>Des"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Final; serving to complete; conclusive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Desitive</i> propositions."

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<h1>Desitive</h1>
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<hw>Des"i*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A proposition relating to or expressing an end or conclusion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<h1>Desk</h1>
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<hw>Desk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>deske</ets>, the same word as <ets>dish</ets>, <ets>disk</ets>. See <er>Dish</er>, and cf. <er>Disk</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A table, frame, or case, usually with sloping top, but often with flat top, for the use writers and readers. It often has a drawer or repository underneath.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A reading table or lectern to support the book from which the liturgical service is read, differing from the pulpit from which the sermon is preached; also (esp. in the United States), a pulpit. Hence, used symbolically for "the clerical profession."</def>

<h1>Desk</h1>
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<hw>Desk</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Desked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Desking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To shut up, as in a desk; to treasure.</def>

<h1>Deskwork</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>Desk"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Work done at a desk, as by a clerk or writer.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Desman</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>Des"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>desman</ets> musk.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An amphibious, insectivorous mammal found in Russia (<spn>Myogale moschata</spn>). It is allied to the moles, but is called <i>muscrat</i> by some English writers.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>d\'91sman</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Desmid, Desmidian</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw><hw>Des"mid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Des*mid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ chain + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A microscopic plant of the family <spn>Desmidi\'91</spn>, a group of unicellular alg\'91 in which the species have a greenish color, and the cells generally appear as if they consisted of two coalescing halves.</def>

<h1>Desmine</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>Des"mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, bundle, fr. <?/ to bind.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Stilbite</er>. It commonly occurs in bundles or tufts of crystals.</def>

<h1>Desmobacteria</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>Des`mo*bac*te"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bond + E. <ets>bacteria</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Microbacteria</er>.</def>

<h1>Desmodont</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>Des"mo*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bond + <?/, <?/, tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A member of a group of South American blood-sucking bats, of the genera <i>Desmodus</i> and <i>Diphylla</i>. See <er>Vampire</er>.</def>

<h1>Desmognathous</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>Des*mog"na*thous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>desmo`s</grk> bond + <?/  jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the maxillo-palatine bones united; -- applied to a group of carinate birds (<spn>Desmognath\'91</spn>), including various wading and swimming birds, as the ducks and herons, and also raptorial and other kinds.</def>

<h1>Desmoid</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>Des"moid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>desmo`s</grk> ligament + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Resembling, or having the characteristics of, a ligament; ligamentous.</def>

<h1>Desmology</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>Des*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>desmo`s</grk> ligament + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the ligaments.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Desmomyaria</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>Des`mo*my*a"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ bond + <?/ muscle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of Tunicata which includes the Salp\'91. See <er>Salpa</er>.</def>

<h1>Desolate</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>Des"o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desolatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>desolare</ets> to leave alone, forsake; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>solare</ets> to make lonely, <ets>solus</ets> alone. See <er>Sole</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute or deprived of inhabitants; deserted; uninhabited; hence, gloomy; <as>as, a <ex>desolate</ex> isle; a <ex>desolate</ex> wilderness; a <ex>desolate</ex> house.</as></def>

<blockquote>I will make Jerusalem . . . a den of dragons, and I will make the cities of Judah <b>desolate</b>, without an inhabitant.
<i>Jer. ix. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And the silvery marish flowers that throng
The <b>desolate</b> creeks and pools among.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Laid waste; in a ruinous condition; neglected; destroyed; <as>as, <ex>desolate</ex> altars</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Left alone; forsaken; lonely; comfortless.</def>

<blockquote>Have mercy upon, for I am <b>desolate</b>.
<i>Ps. xxv. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Voice of the poor and <b>desolate</b>.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Lost to shame; dissolute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Destitute of; lacking in.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I were right now of tales <b>desolate</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Desert; uninhabited; lonely; waste.</syn>

<h1>Desolate</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>Des"o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Desolated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Desolating</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make desolate; to leave alone; to deprive of inhabitants; <as>as, the earth was nearly <ex>desolated</ex> by the flood</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lay waste; to ruin; to ravage; <as>as, a fire <ex>desolates</ex> a city</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Constructed in the very heart of a <b>desolating</b> war.
<i>Sparks.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desolately</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>Des"o*late*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a desolate manner.</def>

<h1>Desolateness</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>Des"o*late*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being desolate.</def>

<h1>Desolater</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>Des"o*la`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, desolates or lays waste.</def>

<i>Mede.</i>

<h1>Desolation</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>Des`o*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82solation</ets>, L. <ets>desolatio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of desolating or laying waste; destruction of inhabitants; depopulation.</def>

<blockquote>Unto the end of the war <b>desolations</b> are determined.
<i>Dan. ix. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being desolated or laid waste; ruin; solitariness; destitution; gloominess.</def>

<blockquote>You would have sold your king to slaughter, . . .
And his whole kingdom into <b>desolation</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A place or country wasted and forsaken.</def>

<blockquote>How is Babylon become a <b>desolation</b>!
<i>Jer. l. 23.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Waste; ruin; destruction; havoc; devastation; ravage; sadness; destitution; melancholy; gloom; gloominess.</syn>

<h1>Desolator</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>Des"o*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Desolater</er>.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Desolatory</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>Des"o*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desolatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing desolation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Desophisticate</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>De`so*phis"ti*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To clear from sophism or error.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hare.</i>

<h1>Desoxalic</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>Des`ox*al"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. pref. <ets>des-</ets> from + E. <ets>oxalic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Made or derived from oxalic acid; <as>as, <ex>desoxalic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Despair</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>De*spair"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Despaired</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Despairing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>despeiren</ets>, <ets>dispeiren</ets>, OF. <ets>desperer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>desperare</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>sperare</ets> to hope; akin to <ets>spes</ets> hope, and perh. to <ets>spatium</ets> space, E. <ets>space</ets>, <ets>speed</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>espeir</ets> hope, F. <ets>espoir</ets>. Cf. <er>Prosper</er>, <er>Desperate</er>.]</ety> <def>To be hopeless; to have no hope; to give up all hope or expectation; -- often with <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>We <b>despaired</b> even of life.
<i>2 Cor. i. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Never <b>despair</b> of God's blessings here.
<i>Wake.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Despond</er>.</syn>

<h1>Despair</h1>
<Xpage=398>

<hw>De*spair"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To give up as beyond hope or expectation; to despair of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I would not <b>despair</b> the greatest design that could be attempted.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to despair.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Williams.</i>

<h1>Despair</h1>
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<hw>De*spair"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>despoir</ets>, fr. <ets>desperer</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Loss of hope; utter hopelessness; complete despondency.</def>

<blockquote>We in dark dreams are tossing to and fro,
Pine with regret, or sicken with <b>despair</b>.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Before he [Bunyan] was ten, his sports were interrupted by fits of remorse and <b>despair</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="399">
Page 399<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is despaired of.</def> "The mere <i>despair</i> of surgery he cures."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Desperation; despondency; hopelessness.</syn>

<h1>Despairer</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spair"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who despairs.</def>

<h1>Despairful</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spair"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hopeless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Despairing</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spair"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Feeling or expressing despair; hopeless.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*spair"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>De*spair"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Desparple</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spar"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>desparpeillier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To scatter; to disparkle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mandeville.</i>

<h1>Despatch</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spatch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Dispatch</er>.</def>

<h1>Despecificate</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De`spe*cif"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> (intens.) + <ets>specificate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To discriminate; to separate according to specific signification or qualities; to specificate; to desynonymize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Inaptitude and ineptitude have been usefully <b>despecificated</b>.
<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Despecfication</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spec`fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Discrimination.</def>

<h1>Despect</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>despectus</ets>, fr. <ets>despicere</ets>. See <er>Despite</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Contempt.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Despection</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>despectio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A looking down; a despising.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Despeed</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*speed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To send hastily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Despeeded</b> certain of their crew.
<i>Speed.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Despend</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To spend; to squander. See <er>Dispend</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some noble men in Spain can <b>despend</b> <?/50,000.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desperado</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des`per*a"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Desperadoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OSp. <ets>desperado</ets>, p. p. of <ets>desperar</ets>, fr. L. <ets>desperare</ets>. See <er>Desperate</er>.]</ety> <def>A reckless, furious man; a person urged by furious passions, and regardless of consequence; a wild ruffian.</def>

<h1>Desperate</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"per*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desperatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>desperare</ets>. See <er>Despair</er>, and cf. <er>Desperado</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Without hope; given to despair; hopeless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I am <b>desperate</b> of obtaining her.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Beyond hope; causing despair; extremely perilous; irretrievable; past cure, or, at least, extremely dangerous; <as>as, a <ex>desperate</ex> disease; <ex>desperate</ex> fortune.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Proceeding from, or suggested by, despair; without regard to danger or safety; reckless; furious; <as>as, a <ex>desperate</ex> effort</as>.</def> "<i>Desperate</i> expedients."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Extreme, in a bad sense; outrageous; -- used to mark the extreme predominance of a bad quality.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>desperate</b> offendress against nature.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The most <b>desperate</b> of reprobates.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Hopeless; despairing; desponding; rash; headlong; precipitate; irretrievable; irrecoverable; forlorn; mad; furious; frantic.</syn>

<h1>Desperate</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"per*ate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One desperate or hopeless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Desperately</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"per*ate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a desperate manner; without regard to danger or safety; recklessly; extremely; <as>as, the troops fought <ex>desperately</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>She fell <b>desperately</b> in love with him.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desperateness</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"per*ate*ness</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Desperation; virulence.</def>

<h1>Desperation</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des`per*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desperatio</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desperation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of despairing or becoming desperate; a giving up of hope.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>desperation</b> of success chills all our industry.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of despair, or utter hopeless; abandonment of hope; extreme recklessness; reckless fury.</def>

<blockquote>In the <b>desperation</b> of the moment, the officers even tried to cut their way through with their swords.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Despicability</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des`pi*ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Despicableness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Despicable</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"pi*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>despicabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>despicari</ets> to despise; akin to <ets>despicere</ets>. See <er>Despise</er>.]</ety> <def>Fit or deserving to be despised; contemptible; mean; vile; worthless; <as>as, a <ex>despicable</ex> man; <ex>despicable</ex> company; a <ex>despicable</ex> gift.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Contemptible; mean; vile; worthless; pitiful; paltry; sordid; low; base. See <er>Contemptible</er>.</syn>

<h1>Despicableness</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"pi*ca*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being despicable; meanness; vileness; worthlessness.</def>

<h1>Despicably</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"pi*ca*bly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a despicable or mean manner; contemptibly; <as>as, <ex>despicably</ex> stingy</as>.</def>

<h1>Despiciency</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des*pi"cien*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>despicientia</ets>. See <er>Despise</er>.]</ety> <def>A looking down; despection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Despisable</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spis"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>despisable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Despicable; contemptible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Despisal</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spis"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A despising; contempt.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>despisal</b> of religion.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Despise</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Despised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Despising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>despis-</ets>, in some forms of <ets>despire</ets> to despise, fr. L. <ets>despicere</ets>, <ets>despectum</ets>, to look down upon, despise; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>spicere</ets>, <ets>specere</ets>, to look. See <er>Spy</er>, and cf. <er>Despicable</er>, <er>Despite</er>.]</ety> <def>To look down upon with disfavor or contempt; to contemn; to scorn; to disdain; to have a low opinion or contemptuous dislike of.</def>

<blockquote>Fools <b>despise</b> wisdom and instruction.
<i>Prov. i. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Men naturally <b>despise</b> those who court them, but respect those who do not give way to them.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To contemn; scorn; disdain; slight; undervalue. See <er>Contemn</er>.</syn>

<h1>Despisedness</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spis"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being despised.</def>

<h1>Despisement</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spise"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A despising.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Despiser</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spis"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who despises; a contemner; a scorner.</def>

<h1>Despisingly</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spis"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Contemptuously.</def>

<h1>Despite</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>despit</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82pit</ets>, fr. L. <ets>despectus</ets> contempt, fr. <ets>despicere</ets>. See <er>Despise</er>, and cf. <er>Spite</er>, <er>Despect</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Malice; malignity; spite; malicious anger; contemptuous hate.</def>

<blockquote>With all thy <b>despite</b> against the land of Israel.
<i>Ezek. xxv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An act of malice, hatred, or defiance; contemptuous defiance; a deed of contempt.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>despite</b> done against the Most High.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>In despite</col>, <cd>in defiance of another's power or inclination.</cd> -- <col>In despite of</col>, <cd>in defiance of; in spite of. See under <er>Spite</er>. "Seized my hand <i>in despite of<i> my efforts to the contrary." <i>W. Irving</i>.</cd> -- <col>In your despite</col>, <cd>in defiance or contempt of you; in spite of you. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Despite</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Despited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Despiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>despitier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>despectare</ets>, intens. of <ets>despicere</ets>. See <er>Despite</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To vex; to annoy; to offend contemptuously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Despite</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spite"</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>In spite of; against, or in defiance of; notwithstanding; <as>as, <ex>despite</ex> his prejudices</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Notwithstanding</er>.</syn>

<h1>Despiteful</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spite"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Despite</er>, and cf. <er>Spiteful</er>.]</ety> <def>Full of despite; expressing malice or contemptuous hate; malicious.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*spite"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>De*spite"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Haters of God, <b>despiteful</b>, proud, boasters.
<i>Rom. i. 30.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Pray for them which <b>despitefully</b> use you.
<i>Matt. v. 44.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let us examine him with <b>despitefulness</b> and fortune.
<i>Book of Wisdom ii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Despiteous</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des*pit"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>despitous</ets>, OF. <ets>despiteus</ets>, fr. <ets>despit</ets>; affected in form by E. <ets>piteous</ets>. See <er>Despite</er>.]</ety> <def>Feeling or showing despite; malicious; angry to excess; cruel; contemptuous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Despiteous</i> reproaches."

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Despiteously</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des*pit"e*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Despitefully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Despitous</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spit"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Despiteous; very angry; cruel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He was to sinful man not <b>despitous</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

- <wordforms><wf>De*spit"ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Despoil</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spoil"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Despoiled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Despoiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>despoiller</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82pouiller</ets>, L. <ets>despoliare</ets>, <ets>despoliatum</ets>; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>spoliare</ets> to strip, rob, <ets>spolium</ets> spoil, booty. Cf. <er>Spoil</er>, <er>Despoliation</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To strip, as of clothing; to divest or unclothe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive for spoil; to plunder; to rob; to pillage; to strip; to divest; -- usually followed by <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The clothed earth is then bare,
<b>Despoiled</b> is the summer fair.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A law which restored to them an immense domain of which they had been <b>despoiled</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Despoiled</b> of innocence, of faith, of bliss.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To strip; deprive; rob; bereave; rifle.</syn>

<h1>Despoil</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spoil"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Spoil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wolsey.</i>

<h1>Despoiler</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spoil"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who despoils.</def>

<h1>Despoilment</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spoil"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Despoliation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Despoliation</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spo`li*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>despoliatio</ets>. See <er>Despoil</er>.]</ety> <def>A stripping or plundering; spoliation.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Despond</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spond"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Desponded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Desponding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>despond<?/re</ets>, <ets>desponsum</ets>, to promise away, promise in marriage, give up, to lose (courage); <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>spond<?/re</ets> to promise solemnly. See <er>Sponsor</er>.]</ety> <def>To give up, the will, courage, or spirit; to be thoroughly disheartened; to lose all courage; to become dispirited or depressed; to take an unhopeful view.</def>

<blockquote>I should despair, or at least <b>despond</b>.
<i>Scott's Letters.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Others depress their own minds, [and] <b>despond</b> at the first difficulty.
<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>We wish that . . . <b>desponding</b> patriotism may turn its eyes hitherward, and be assured that foundations of our national power still stand strong.
<i>D. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Despond</er>, <er>Dispair</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Despair</i> implies a total loss of hope, which <i>despond</i> does not, at least in every case; yet <i>despondency</i> is often more lasting than <i>despair</i>, or than <i>desperation</i>, which impels to violent action.</usage>

<h1>Despond</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spond"</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Despondency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The slough of <b>despond</b>.
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Despondence</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spond"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Despondency.</def>

<blockquote>The people, when once infected, lose their relish for happiness [and] saunter about with looks of <b>despondence</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Despondency</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spond"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of desponding; loss of hope and cessation of effort; discouragement; depression or dejection of the mind.</def>

<blockquote>The unhappy prince seemed, during some days, to be sunk in <b>despondency</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Despondent</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spond"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>despondens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>despond<?/re</ets>.]</ety> <def>Marked by despondence; given to despondence; low-spirited; <as>as, a <ex>despondent</ex> manner; a <ex>despondent</ex> prisoner.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*spond"ent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Desponder</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spond"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who desponds.</def>

<h1>Despondingly</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spond"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a desponding manner.</def>

<h1>Desponsage</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spon"sage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>desponsus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Despond</er>.]</ety> <def>Betrothal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ethelbert . . . went peaceably to King Offa for <b>desponsage</b> of Athilrid, his daughter.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desponsate</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spon"sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desponsatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>desponsare</ets>, intens. of <ets>despondere</ets> to betroth. See <er>Despond</er>.]</ety> <def>To betroth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Desponsation</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des`pon*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desponsatio</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desponsation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A betrothing; betrothal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For all this <b>desponsation</b> of her . . . she had not set one step toward the consummation of her marriage.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desponsory</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spon"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Desponsories</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>A written pledge of marriage.</def>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<h1>Desport</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*sport"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Disport</er>.</def>

<h1>Despot</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"pot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>despote</ets>, LL. <ets>despotus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ master, lord, the second part of which is akin to <?/ husband, and L. <ets>potens</ets>. See <er>Potent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A master; a lord; especially, an absolute or irresponsible ruler or sovereign.</def>

<blockquote>Irresponsible power in human hands so naturally leads to it, that cruelty has become associated with <b>despot</b> and tyrant.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who rules regardless of a constitution or laws; a tyrant.</def>

<h1>Despotat</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"po*tat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>despotat</ets>.]</ety> <def>The station or government of a despot; also, the domain of a despot.</def>

<i>Freeman.</i>

<h1>Despotic, Despotical</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw><hw>Des*pot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Des*pot"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>despotique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the character of, or pertaining to, a despot; absolute in power; possessing and abusing unlimited power; evincing despotism; tyrannical; arbitrary.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Des*pot"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Des*pot"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Despotism</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"po*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>despotisme</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The power, spirit, or principles of a despot; absolute control over others; tyrannical sway; tyranny.</def> "The <i>despotism</i> of vice."

<i>Byron.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A government which is directed by a despot; a despotic monarchy; absolutism; autocracy.</def>

<blockquote><b>Despotism</b> . . . is the only form of government which may with safety to itself neglect the education of its infant poor.
<i>Bp. Horsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Despotist</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"po*tist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A supporter of despotism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Despotize</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"po*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To act the despot.</def>

<h1>Despread</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spread"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Dispread</er>.</def>

<h1>Despumate</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"pu*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Despumated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Despumating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>despumatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>despumare</ets> to despume; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>spumare</ets> to foam, froth, <ets>spuma</ets> froth, scum.]</ety> <def>To throw off impurities in spume; to work off in foam or scum; to foam.</def>

<h1>Despumation</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des`pu*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>despumatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>despumation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of throwing up froth or scum; separation of the scum or impurities from liquids; scumming; clarification.</def>

<h1>Despume</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*spume"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>despumer</ets>. See <er>Despumate</er>.]</ety> <def>To free from spume or scum.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If honey be <b>despumed</b>.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desquamate</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"qua*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desquamatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>desquamare</ets> to scale off; <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>squama</ets> scale.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To peel off in the form of scales; to scale off, as the skin in certain diseases.</def>

<h1>Desquamation</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des`qua*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>desquamation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The separation or shedding of the cuticle or epidermis in the form of flakes or scales; exfoliation, as of bones.</def>

<h1>Desquamative, Desquamatory</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw><hw>De*squam"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>De*squam"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or attended with, desquamation.</def>

<h1>Desquamatory</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>De*squam"a*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument formerly used in removing the lamin\'91 of exfoliated bones.</def>

<h1>Dess</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Dess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dais.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dessert</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des*sert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>desservir</ets> to remove from table, to clear the table; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>servir</ets> to serve, to serve at table. See <er>Serve</er>.]</ety> <def>A service of pastry, fruits, or sweetmeats, at the close of a feast or entertainment; pastry, fruits, etc., forming the last course at dinner.</def>

<blockquote>"An 't please your honor," quoth the peasant,
"This same <b>dessert</b> is not so pleasant."
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Dessert spoon</col>, <cd>a spoon used in eating dessert; a spoon intermediate in size between a teaspoon and a tablespoon.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Dessert-spoonful</col>, <tt>n.</tt>, <tt>pl.</tt> <col>Dessert-spoonfuls</col></mcol>, <cd>as much as a dessert spoon will hold, usually reckoned at about two and a half fluid drams.</cd></cs>

<h1>Destemper</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des*tem"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82trempe</ets>, fr. <ets>d\'82tremper</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of painting. See <er>Distemper</er>.</def>

<h1>Destin</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>destin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Destiny.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Destinable</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"ti*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>destinable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Determined by destiny; fated.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Destinably</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"ti*na*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a destinable manner.</def>

<h1>Destinal</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"ti*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Determined by destiny; fated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The order <i>destinal</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Destinate</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"ti*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>destinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>destinare</ets>. See <er>Destine</er>.]</ety> <def>Destined.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Destinate</i> to hell."

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Destinate</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"ti*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To destine, design, or choose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "That name that God . . . did <i>destinate</i>."

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Destination</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des`ti*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>destinatio</ets> determination: cf. F. <ets>destination</ets> destination.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of destining or appointing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Purpose for which anything is destined; predetermined end, object, or use; ultimate design.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The place set for the end of a journey, or to which something is sent; place or point aimed at.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Appointment; design; purpose; intention; destiny; lot; fate; end.</syn>

<h1>Destine</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Destined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Destining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>destiner</ets>, L. <ets>destinare</ets>; <ets>de</ets> + the root of <ets>stare</ets> to stand. See <er>Stand</er>, and cf. <er>Obstinate</er>.]</ety> <def>To determine the future condition or application of; to set apart by design for a future use or purpose; to fix, as by destiny or by an authoritative decree; to doom; to ordain or preordain; to appoint; -- often with the remoter object preceded by <i>to</i> or <i>for</i>.</def>

<blockquote>We are decreed,
Reserved, and <b>destined</b> to eternal woe.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Till the loathsome opposite
Of all my heart had <b>destined</b>, did obtain.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Not enjoyment and not sorrow
Is our <b>destined</b> end or way.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To design; mark out; determine; allot; choose; intend; devote; consecrate; doom.</syn>

<h1>Destinist</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"ti*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A believer in destiny; a fatalist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Destiny</h1>
<Xpage=399>

<hw>Des"ti*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Destinies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>destinee</ets>, <ets>destene</ets>, F. <ets>destin\'82e</ets>, from <ets>destiner</ets>. See <er>Destine</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That to which any person or thing is destined; predetermined state; condition foreordained by the Divine or by human will; fate; lot; doom.</def>

<blockquote>Thither he
Will come to know his <b>destiny</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No man of woman born,
Coward or brave, can shun his <b>destiny</b>.
<i>Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fixed order of things; invincible necessity; fate; a resistless power or agency conceived of as determining the future, whether in general or of an individual.</def>

<blockquote>But who can turn the stream of <b>destiny</b>?
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fame comes only when deserved, and then is as inevitable as <b>destiny</b>, for it is <b>destiny</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The Destinies</col> <fld>(Anc. Myth.)</fld>, <cd>the three Parc\'91, or Fates; the supposed powers which preside over human life, and determine its circumstances and duration.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Marked by <b>the Destinies</b> to be avoided.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="400">
Page 400<p>
<hr>
<page="400">
Page 400<p>

<h1>Destituent</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw>De*stit"u*ent</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>destituens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>destituere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deficient; wanting; <as>as, a <ex>destituent</ex> condition</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Destitute</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw>Des"ti*tute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>destitutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>destituere</ets> to set away, leave alone, forsake; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>statuere</ets> to set. See <er>Statute</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Forsaken; not having in possession (something necessary, or desirable); deficient; lacking; devoid; -- often followed by <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>In thee is my trust; leave not my soul <b>destitute</b>.
<i>Ps. cxli. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Totally <b>destitute</b> of all shadow of influence.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not possessing the necessaries of life; in a condition of want; needy; without possessions or resources; very poor.</def>

<blockquote>They wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins; being <b>destitute</b>, afflicted, tormented.
<i>Heb. xi. 37.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Destitute</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw>Des"ti*tute</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To leave destitute; to forsake; to abandon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To forsake or <b>destitute</b> a plantation.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make destitute; to cause to be in want; to deprive; -- followed by <i>of</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Destituted</b> of all honor and livings.
<i>Holinshed.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To disappoint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When his expectation is <b>destituted</b>.
<i>Fotherby.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Destitutely</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw>Des"ti*tute*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In destitution.</def>

<h1>Destituteness</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw>Des"ti*tute*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Destitution.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Destitution</h1>
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<hw>Des`ti*tu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>destitutio</ets> a forsaking.]</ety> <def>The state of being deprived of anything; the state or condition of being destitute, needy, or without resources; deficiency; lack; extreme poverty; utter want; <as>as, the inundation caused general <ex>destitution</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Destrer, Dextrer</h1>
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<hw><hw>Des*trer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dex"trer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>destrier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dextra</ets> on the right side. The squire led his master's horse beside him, on his right hand. <ets>Skeat</ets>.]</ety> <def>A war horse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Destrie</h1>
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<hw>De*strie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To destroy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Destroy</h1>
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<hw>De*stroy"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Destroyed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Destroying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>destroien</ets>, <ets>destruien</ets>, <ets>destrien</ets>, OF. <ets>destruire</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82truire</ets>, fr. L. <ets>destruere</ets>, <ets>destructum</ets>; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>struere</ets> to pile up, build. See <er>Structure</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To unbuild; to pull or tear down; to separate virulently into its constituent parts; to break up the structure and organic existence of; to demolish.</def>

<blockquote>But ye shall <b>destroy</b> their altars, break their images, and cut down their groves.
<i>Ex. xxxiv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To ruin; to bring to naught; to put an end to; to annihilate; to consume.</def>

<blockquote>I will utterly pluck up and <b>destroy</b> that nation.
<i>Jer. xii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To put an end to the existence, prosperity, or beauty of; to kill.</def>

<blockquote>If him by force he can <b>destroy</b>, or, worse,
By some false guile pervert.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To demolish; lay waste; consume; raze; dismantle; ruin; throw down; overthrow; subvert; desolate; devastate; deface; extirpate; extinguish; kill; slay. See <er>Demolish</er>.</syn>

<h1>Destroyable</h1>
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<hw>De*stroy"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destructible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Plants . . . scarcely <b>destroyable</b> by the weather.
<i>Derham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Destroyer</h1>
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<hw>De*stroy"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>destruior</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who destroys, ruins, kills, or desolates.</def>

<h1>Destruct</h1>
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<hw>De*struct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>destructus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>destruere</ets>. See <er>Destroy</er>.]</ety> <def>To destroy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mede.</i>

<h1>Destructibility</h1>
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<hw>De*struc`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>destructibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being capable of destruction; destructibleness.</def>

<h1>Destructible</h1>
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<hw>De*struc"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>destructibilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Liable to destruction; capable of being destroyed.</def>

<h1>Destructibleness</h1>
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<hw>De*struc"ti*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being destructible.</def>

<h1>Destruction</h1>
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<hw>De*struc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>destructio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>destruction</ets>. See <er>Destroy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of destroying; a tearing down; a bringing to naught; subversion; demolition; ruin; slaying; devastation.</def>

<blockquote>The Jews smote all their enemies with the stroke of the sword, and slaughter, and <b>destruction</b>.
<i>Esth. ix. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>'Tis safer to be that which we destroy
Than by <b>destruction</b> dwell in doubtful joy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Destruction</b> of venerable establishment.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being destroyed, demolished, ruined, slain, or devastated.</def>

<blockquote>This town came to <b>destruction</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou castedst them down into <b>destruction</b>.
<i>Ps. lxxiii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A destroying agency; a cause of ruin or of devastation; a destroyer.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>destruction</b> that wasteth at noonday.
<i>Ps. xci. 6.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Demolition; subversion; overthrow; desolation; extirpation; extinction; devastation; downfall; extermination; havoc; ruin.</syn>

<h1>Destructionist</h1>
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<hw>De*struc"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who delights in destroying that which is valuable; one whose principles and influence tend to destroy existing institutions; a destructive.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>One who believes in the final destruction or complete annihilation of the wicked; -- called also <altname>annihilationist</altname>.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Destructive</h1>
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<hw>De*struc"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>destructivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>destructif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing destruction; tending to bring about ruin, death, or devastation; ruinous; fatal; productive of serious evil; mischievous; pernicious; -- often with <i>of</i> or <i>to</i>; <as>as, intemperance is <ex>destructive</ex> of health; evil examples are <ex>destructive</ex> to the morals of youth.</as></def>

<blockquote>Time's <b>destructive</b> power.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Destructive distillation</col>. <cd>See <er>Distillation</er>.</cd> -- <col>Destructive sorties</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>a process of reasoning which involves the denial of the first of a series of dependent propositions as a consequence of the denial of the last; a species of <i>reductio ad absurdum<i>.</cd></cs>

<i>Whately.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Mortal; deadly; poisonous; fatal; ruinous; malignant; baleful; pernicious; mischievous.</syn>

<h1>Destructive</h1>
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<hw>De*struc"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who destroys; a radical reformer; a destructionist.</def>

<h1>Destructively</h1>
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<hw>De*struc"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a destructive manner.</def>

<h1>Destructiveness</h1>
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<hw>De*struc"tive*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of destroying or ruining.</def>

<i>Prynne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>The faculty supposed to impel to the commission of acts of destruction; propensity to destroy.</def>

<h1>Destructor</h1>
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<hw>De*struc"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from <ets>destruere</ets>. See <er>Destroy</er>, and cf. <er>Destroyer</er>.]</ety> <def>A destroyer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Fire, the <b>destructive</b> and the artificial death of things.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Destruie</h1>
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<hw>De*struie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To destroy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Desudation</h1>
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<hw>Des`u*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desudatio</ets>, fr. <ets>desudare</ets> to sweat greatly; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>sudare</ets> to sweat.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A sweating; a profuse or morbid sweating, often succeeded by an eruption of small pimples.</def>

<h1>Desuete</h1>
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<hw>De*suete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desuetus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>desuescere</ets> to disuse.]</ety> <def>Disused; out of use.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Desuetude</h1>
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<hw>Des"ue*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desuetudo</ets>, from <ets>desuescere</ets>, to grow out of use, disuse; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>suescere</ets> to become used or accustomed: cf. F. <ets>d\'82su\'82tude</ets>. See <er>Custom</er>.]</ety> <def>The cessation of use; disuse; discontinuance of practice, custom, or fashion.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>desuetude</b> abrogated the law, which, before, custom had established.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desulphurate</h1>
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<hw>De*sul"phu*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Desulphurated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Desulphurating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deprive of sulphur.</def>

<h1>Desulphuration</h1>
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<hw>De*sul`phu*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82sulfuration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of depriving of sulphur.</def>

<h1>Desulphurize</h1>
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<hw>De*sul"phur*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To desulphurate; to deprive of sulphur.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*sul`phur*i*za"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Desultorily</h1>
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<hw>Des"ul*to*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a desultory manner; without method; loosely; immethodically.</def>

<h1>Desultoriness</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw>Des"ul*to*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being desultory or without order or method; unconnectedness.</def>

<blockquote>The seeming <b>desultoriness</b> of my method.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Desultorious</h1>
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<hw>Des`ul*to"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Desultory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Desultory</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw>Des"ul*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desultorius</ets>, fr. <ets>desultor</ets> a leaper, fr. <ets>desilire</ets>, <ets>desultum</ets>, to leap down; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>salire</ets> to leap. See <er>Saltation</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Leaping or skipping about.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I shot at it [a bird], but it was so <b>desultory</b> that I missed my aim.
<i>Gilbert White.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Jumping, or passing, from one thing or subject to another, without order or rational connection; without logical sequence; disconnected; immethodical; aimless; <as>as, <ex>desultory</ex> minds</as>.</def>

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<blockquote>He [Goldsmith] knew nothing accurately; his reading had been <b>desultory</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Out of course; by the way; as a digression; not connected with the subject; <as>as, a <ex>desultory</ex> remark</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Rambling; roving; immethodical; discursive; inconstant; unsettled; cursory; slight; hasty; loose.</syn>

<h1>Desume</h1>
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<hw>De*sume"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>desumere</ets>; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>sumere</ets> to take.]</ety> <def>To select; to borrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir. M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Desynonymization</h1>
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<hw>De`syn*on`y*mi*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of desynonymizing.</def>

<h1>Desynonymize</h1>
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<hw>De`syn*on"y*mize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of synonymous character; to discriminate in use; -- applied to words which have been employed as synonyms.</def>

<i>Coleridge. Trench.</i>

<h1>Detach</h1>
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<hw>De*tach"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Detached</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Detaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82tacher</ets> (cf. It. <ets>distaccare</ets>, <ets>staccare</ets>); pref. <ets>d\'82</ets> (L. <ets>dis</ets>) + the root found also in E. <ets>attach</ets>. See <er>Attach</er>, and cf. <er>Staccato</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To part; to separate or disunite; to disengage; -- the opposite of <i>attach</i>; <as>as, to <ex>detach</ex> the coats of a bulbous root from each other; to <ex>detach</ex> a man from a leader or from a party.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To separate for a special object or use; -- used especially in military language; <as>as, to <ex>detach</ex> a ship from a fleet, or a company from a regiment</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To separate; disunite; disengage; sever; disjoin; withdraw;; draw off. See <er>Detail</er>.</syn>

<h1>Detach</h1>
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<hw>De*tach"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To push asunder; to come off or separate from anything; to disengage.</def>

<blockquote>[A vapor] <b>detaching</b>, fold by fold,
From those still heights.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Detachable</h1>
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<hw>De*tach"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That can be detached.</def>

<h1>Detached</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw>De*tached"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Separate; unconnected, or imperfectly connected; <as>as, <ex>detached</ex> parcels</as>.</def> "Extensive and <i>detached</i> empire."

<i>Burke.</i>

<cs><col>Detached escapement</col>. <cd>See <er>Escapement</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Detachment</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw>De*tach"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82tachement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of detaching or separating, or the state of being detached.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is detached; especially, a body of troops or part of a fleet sent from the main body on special service.</def>

<blockquote>Troops . . . widely scattered in little <b>detachments</b>.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Abstraction from worldly objects; renunciation.</def>

<blockquote>A trial which would have demanded of him a most heroic faith and the <b>detachment</b> of a saint.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Detail</h1>
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<hw>De"tail</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82tail</ets>, fr. <ets>d\'82tailler</ets> to cut in pieces, tell in detail; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>de</ets> or <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>tailler</ets> to cut. See <er>Tailor</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A minute portion; one of the small parts; a particular; an item; -- used chiefly in the plural; <as>as, the <ex>details</ex> of a scheme or transaction</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>details</b> of the campaign in Italy.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A narrative which relates minute points; an account which dwells on particulars.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The selection for a particular service of a person or a body of men; hence, the person or the body of men so selected.</def>

<cs><col>Detail drawing</col>, <cd>a drawing of the full size, or on a large scale, of some part of a building, machine, etc.</cd> -- <col>In detail</col>, <cd>in subdivisions; part by part; item; circumstantially; with particularity.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Account; relation; narrative; recital; explanation; narration.</syn>

<h1>Detail</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw>De"tail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Detailed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Detailing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82tailler</ets> to cut up in pieces, tell in detail. See <er>Detail</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To relate in particulars; to particularize; to report minutely and distinctly; to enumerate; to specify; <as>as, he <ex>detailed</ex> all the facts in due order</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To tell off or appoint for a particular service, as an officer, a troop, or a squadron.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Detail</er>, <er>Detach</er>.</syn>  <usage><i>Detail</i> respect the act of individualizing the person or body that is separated; <i>detach</i>, the removing for the given end or object.</usage>

<h1>Detailer</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw>De*tail"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who details.</def>

<h1>Detain</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw>De*tain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Detained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Detaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82tenir</ets>, L. <ets>detinere</ets>, <ets>detentum</ets>; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>tenere</ets> to hold. See <er>Tenable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To keep back or from; to withhold.</def>

<blockquote><b>Detain</b> not the wages of the hireling.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To restrain from proceeding; to stay or stop; to delay; <as>as, we were <ex>detained</ex> by an accident</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Let us <b>detain</b> thee, until we shall have made ready a kid for thee.
<i>Judges xiii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To hold or keep in custody.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To withhold; retain; stop; stay; arrest; check; retard; delay; hinder.</syn>

<h1>Detain</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw>De*tain"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Detention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Detainder</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw>De*tain"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ. See <er>Detinue</er>.</def>

<h1>Detainer</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw>De*tain"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who detains.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The keeping possession of what belongs to another; detention of what is another's, even though the original taking may have been lawful</def>. Forcible detainer is indictable at common law. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A writ authorizing the keeper of a prison to continue to keep a person in custody.</def>

<h1>Detainment</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw>De*tain"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>detenement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Detention.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Detect</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw>De*tect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>detectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>detegere</ets> to uncover, detect; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>tegere</ets> to cover. See <er>Tegument</er>.]</ety> <def>Detected.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fabyan.</i>

<h1>Detect</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw>De*tect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Detected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Detecting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To uncover; to discover; to find out; to bring to light; <as>as, to <ex>detect</ex> a crime or a criminal; to <ex>detect</ex> a mistake in an account.</as></def>

<blockquote>Plain good intention . . . is as easily discovered at the first view, as fraud is surely <b>detected</b> at last.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Like following life through creatures you dissect,
You lose it in the moment you <b>detect</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inform against; to accuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He was untruly judged to have preached such articles as he was <b>detected</b> of.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To discover; find out; lay bare; expose.</syn>

<h1>Detectable, Detectible</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw><hw>De*tect"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>De*tect"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being detected or found out; <as>as, parties not <ex>detectable</ex></as>.</def> "Errors <i>detectible</i> at a glance."

<i>Latham.</i>

<h1>Detecter</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw>De*tect"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, detects or brings to light; one who finds out what another attempts to conceal; a detector.</def>

<h1>Detection</h1>
<Xpage=400>

<hw>De*tec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>detectio</ets> an uncovering, revealing.]</ety> <def>The act of detecting; the laying open what was concealed or hidden; discovery; <as>as, the <ex>detection</ex> of a thief; the <ex>detection</ex> of fraud, forgery, or a plot.</as></def>

<blockquote>Such secrets of guilt are never from <b>detection</b>.
<i>D. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Detective</h1>
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<hw>De*tect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fitted for, or skilled in, detecting; employed in detecting crime or criminals; <as>as, a <ex>detective</ex> officer</as>.</def>

<h1>Detective</h1>
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<hw>De*tect"ive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who business it is so detect criminals or discover matters of secrecy.</def>

<h1>Detector</h1>
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<hw>De*tect"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a revealer.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, detects; a detecter.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>A deathbed's <b>detector</b> of the heart.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bank-note detector</col>, <cd>a publication containing a description of genuine and counterfeit bank notes, designed to enable persons to discriminate between them.</cd> -- <col>Detector l<?/<?/k</col>. <cd>See under <er>Lock</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Detenebrate</h1>
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<hw>De*ten"e*brate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>de</ets> + <ets>tenebrare</ets> to make dark, fr. <ets>tenebrae</ets> darkness.]</ety> <def>To remove darkness from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Detent</h1>
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<hw>De*tent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82tente</ets>, fr. <ets>d\'82tendre</ets> to unbend, relax; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets> or <ets>de</ets>) + <ets>tendre</ets> to stretch. See <er>Distend</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>That which locks or unlocks a movement; a catch, pawl, or dog; especially, in clockwork, the catch which locks and unlocks the wheelwork in striking.</def>

<h1>Detention</h1>
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<hw>De*ten"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>detentio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82tention</ets>. See <er>Detain</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of detaining or keeping back; a withholding.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being detained (stopped or hindered); delay from necessity.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Confinement; restraint; custody.</def>

<blockquote>The archduke Philip . . . found himself in a sort of honorable <b>detention</b> at Henry's court.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deter</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deterred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deterring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>deterrere</ets>; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>terrere</ets> to frighten, terrify. See <er>Terror</er>.]</ety> <def>To prevent by fear; hence, to hinder or prevent from action by fear of consequences, or difficulty, risk, etc.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>Potent enemies tempt and <b>deter</b> us from our duty.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My own face <b>deters</b> me from my glass.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deterge</h1>
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<hw>De*terge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deterged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deterging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>detergere</ets>, <ets>detersum</ets>; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>tergere</ets> to rub or wipe off: cf. F. <ets>d\'82terger</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cleanse; to purge away, as foul or offending matter from the body, or from an ulcer.</def>

<h1>Detergency</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cleansing quality or power.</def>

<i>De Foe.</i>

<h1>Detergent</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>detergens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>detergere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82tergent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cleansing; purging.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A substance which cleanses the skin, as water or soap; a medicine to cleanse wounds, ulcers, etc.</def></def2>

<h1>Deteriorate</h1>
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<hw>De*te"ri*o*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deteriorated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deteriorating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>deterioratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deteriorate</ets> to deteriorate, fr. <ets>deterior</ets> worse, prob. a comparative fr. <ets>de</ets> down, away.]</ety> <def>To make worse; to make inferior in quality or value; to impair; <as>as, to <ex>deteriorate</ex> the mind</as>.</def>

<i>Whately.</i>

<blockquote>The art of war . . . was greatly <b>deteriorated</b>.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 401  -->

<h1>Deteriorate</h1>
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<hw>De*te"ri*o*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow worse; to be impaired in quality; to degenerate.</def>

<blockquote>Under such conditions, the mind rapidly <b>deteriorates</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deterioration</h1>
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<hw>De*te`ri*o*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>deterioratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82t\'82rioration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The process of growing worse, or the state of having grown worse.</def>

<h1>Deteriority</h1>
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<hw>De*te`ri*or"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deterior</ets> worse. See <er>Deteriorate</er>.]</ety> <def>Worse state or quality; inferiority.</def> "The <i>deteriority</i> of the diet." <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Determent</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Deter</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of deterring; also, that which deters.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Determinability</h1>
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<hw>De*ter`mi*na*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being determinable; determinableness.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Determinable</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"mi*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>determinabilis</ets> finite. See <er>Determine</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Capable of being determined, definitely ascertained, decided upon, or brought to a conclusion.</def>

<blockquote>Not wholly <b>determinable</b> from the grammatical use of the words.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Determinableness</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"mi*na*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capability of being determined; determinability.</def>

<h1>Determinacy</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"mi*na*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Determinateness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Determinant</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"mi*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>determinans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>determinare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82terminant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to determine or limit; determinative.</def>

<h1>Determinant</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"mi*nant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which serves to determine; that which causes determination.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The sum of a series of products of several numbers, these products being formed according to certain specified laws; thus, the <i>determinant</i> of the nine numbers.</def>

<matrix><row>a, b, c,</row><row>a\'b7, b\'b7, c\'b7,</row><row>a\'b7\'b7, b\'b7\'b7, c\'b7\'b7,</row></matrix>

is <mathex>a b\'b7 c\'b7\'b7 -- a b\'b7\'b7 c\'b7 + a\'b7 b\'b7\'b7 c] -- a\'b7 b c\'b7\'b7 + a\'b7\'b7 b\'b7 c</mathex>. The determinant is written by placing the numbers from which it is formed in a square between two vertical lines. The theory of <i>determinants</i> forms a very important branch of modern mathematics.

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A mark or attribute, attached to the subject or predicate, narrowing the extent of both, but rendering them more definite and precise.</def>

<i>Abp. Thomson.</i>

<h1>Determinate</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>determinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>determinare</ets>. See <er>Determine</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having defined limits; not uncertain or arbitrary; fixed; established; definite.</def>

<blockquote>Quantity of words and a <b>determinate</b> number of feet.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conclusive; decisive; positive.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>determinate</b> counsel and foreknowledge of God.
<i>Acts ii. 23.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Determined or resolved upon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>My <b>determinate</b> voyage.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Of determined purpose; resolute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>More <b>determinate</b> to do than skillful how to do.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Determinate inflorescence</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>that in which the flowering commences with the terminal bud of a stem, which puts a limit to its growth; -- also called <i>centrifugal inflorescence<i>.</cd> -- <col>Determinate problem</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a problem which admits of a limited number of solutions.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Determinate quantities</col>, <col>Determinate equations</col></mcol> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>those that are finite in the number of values or solutions, that is, in which the conditions of the problem or equation determine the number.</cd></cs>

<h1>Determinate</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bring to an end; to determine. See <er>Determine</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The sly, slow hours shall not <b>determinate</b>
The dateless limit of thy dear exile.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Determinately</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"mi*nate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In a determinate manner; definitely; ascertainably.</def>

<blockquote>The principles of religion are already either <b>determinately</b> true or false, before you think of them.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resolutely; unchangeably.</def>

<blockquote>Being <b>determinately</b> . . . bent to marry.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Determinateness</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"mi*nate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being determinate.</def>

<h1>Determination</h1>
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<hw>De*ter`mi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>determinatio</ets> boundary, end: cf. F. <ets>d\'82termination</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of determining, or the state of being determined.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bringing to an end; termination; limit.</def>

<blockquote>A speedy <b>determination</b> of that war.
<i>Ludlow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Direction or tendency to a certain end; impulsion.</def>

<blockquote>Remissness can by no means consist with a constant <b>determination</b> of the will . . . to the greatest apparent good.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The quality of mind reaches definite conclusions; decision of character; resoluteness.</def>

<blockquote>He only is a well-made man who has a good <b>determination</b>.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The state of decision; a judicial decision, or ending of controversy.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>That which is determined upon; result of deliberation; purpose; conclusion formed; fixed resolution.</def>

<blockquote>So bloodthirsty a <b>determination</b> to obtain convictions.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A flow, rush, or tendency to a particular part; <as>as, a <ex>determination</ex> of blood to the head</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Physical Sciences)</fld> <def>The act, process, or result of any accurate measurement, as of length, volume, weight, intensify, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>determination</ex> of the ohm or of the wave length of light; the <ex>determination</ex> of the salt in sea water, or the oxygen in the air.</as></def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of defining a concept or notion by giving its essential constituents</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The addition of a differentia to a concept or notion, thus limiting its extent; -- the opposite of <i>generalization</i>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>The act of determining the relations of an object, as regards genus and species; the referring of minerals, plants, or animals, to the species to which they belong; classification; <as>as, I am indebted to a friend for the <ex>determination</ex> of most of these shells</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Decision; conclusion; judgment; purpose; resolution; resolve; firmness. See <er>Decision</er>.</syn>

<h1>Determinative</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"mi*na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82terminatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having power to determine; limiting; shaping; directing; conclusive.</def>

<blockquote>Incidents . . . <b>determinative</b> of their course.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Determinative tables</col> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>tables presenting the specific character of minerals, plants, etc., to assist in determining the species to which a specimen belongs.</cd></cs>

<h1>Determinative</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"mi*na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which serves to determine.</def>

<blockquote>Explanatory <b>determinatives</b> . . . were placed after words phonetically expressed, in order to serve as an aid to the reader in determining the meaning.
<i>I. Taylor (The Alphabet).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Determinator</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"mi*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who determines.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Determine</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Determined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Determining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82terminer</ets>, L. <ets>determinare</ets>, <ets>determinatum</ets>; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>terminare</ets> limit, <ets>terminus</ets> limit. See <er>Term</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To fix the boundaries of; to mark off and separate.</def>

<blockquote>[God] hath <b>determined</b> the times before appointed.
<i>Acts xvii. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To set bounds to; to fix the determination of; to limit; to bound; to bring to an end; to finish.</def>

<blockquote>The knowledge of men hitherto hath been <b>determined</b> by the view or sight.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now, where is he that will not stay so long
Till his friend sickness hath <b>determined</b> me?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fix the form or character of; to shape; to prescribe imperatively; to regulate; to settle.</def>

<blockquote>The character of the soul is <b>determined</b> by the character of its God.
<i>J. Edwards.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Something divinely beautiful . . . that at some time or other might influence or even <b>determine</b> her course of life.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To fix the course of; to impel and direct; -- with a remoter object preceded by <i>to</i>; <as>as, another's will <ex>determined</ex> me to this course</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To ascertain definitely; to find out the specific character or name of; to assign to its true place in a system; <as>as, to <ex>determine</ex> an unknown or a newly discovered plant or its name</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To bring to a conclusion, as a question or controversy; to settle authoritative or judicial sentence; to decide; <as>as, the court has <ex>determined</ex> the cause</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To resolve on; to have a fixed intention of; also, to cause to come to a conclusion or decision; to lead; <as>as, this <ex>determined</ex> him to go immediately</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>To define or limit by adding a differentia.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Physical Sciences)</fld> <def>To ascertain the presence, quantity, or amount of; <as>as, to <ex>determine</ex> the parallax; to <ex>determine</ex> the salt in sea water.</as></def>

<h1>Determine</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"mine</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To come to an end; to end; to terminate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He who has vented a pernicious doctrine or published an ill book must know that his life <b>determine</b> not together.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Estates may <b>determine</b> on future contingencies.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come to a decision; to decide; to resolve; -- often with <i>on</i>.</def> "<i>Determine</i> on some course."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He shall pay as the judges <b>determine</b>.
<i>Ex. xxi. 22.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Determined</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"mined</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Decided; resolute. "A<i>determined</i> foe.</def>""

<i>Sparks.</i>

<h1>Determinedly</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"min*ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a determined manner; with determination.</def>

<h1>Determiner</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"min*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, determines or decides.</def>

<h1>Determinism</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"min*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The doctrine that the will is not free, but is inevitably and invincibly determined by motives.</def>

<blockquote>Its superior suitability to produce courage, as contrasted with scientific physical <b>determinism</b>, is obvious.
<i>F. P. Cobbe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Determinist</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"min*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>One who believes in determinism. Also <i>adj</i>.; <as>as, <ex>determinist</ex> theories</as>.</def>

<h1>Deterration</h1>
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<hw>De`ter*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>de</ets> + <ets>terra</ets> earth: cf. F. <ets>d\'82terrer</ets> to unearth.]</ety> <def>The uncovering of anything buried or covered with earth; a taking out of the earth or ground.</def>

<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deterrence</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"rence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which deters; a deterrent; a hindrance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Deterrent</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"rent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deterrens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>deterrere</ets>. See <er>Deter</er>.]</ety> <def>Serving to deter.</def> "The <i>deterrent</i> principle."

<i>E. Davis.</i>

<h1>Deterrent</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"rent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which deters or prevents.</def>

<h1>Detersion</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82tersion</ets>. See <er>Deterge</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of deterging or cleansing, as a sore.</def>

<h1>Detersive</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>d\'82tersif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cleansing; detergent.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A cleansing agent; a detergent.</def></def2>

<h1>Detersively</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a way to cleanse.</def>

<h1>Detersiveness</h1>
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<hw>De*ter"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of cleansing.</def>

<h1>Detest</h1>
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<hw>De*test"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Detested</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Detesting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>detestare</ets>, <ets>detestatum</ets>, and <ets>detestari</ets>, to curse while calling a deity to witness, to execrate, detest; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>testari</ets> to be a witness, testify, <ets>testis</ets> a witness: cf. F. <ets>d\'82tester</ets>. See <er>Testify</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To witness against; to denounce; to condemn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The heresy of Nestorius . . . was <b>detested</b> in the Eastern churches.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>God hath <b>detested</b> them with his own mouth.
<i>Bale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hate intensely; to abhor; to abominate; to loathe; <as>as, we <ex>detest</ex> what is contemptible or evil</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Who dares think one thing, and another tell,
My heart <b>detests</b> him as the gates of hell.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To abhor; abominate; execrate. See <er>Hate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Detestability</h1>
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<hw>De*test`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capacity of being odious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Detestable</h1>
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<hw>De*test"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>detestabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82testable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Worthy of being detested; abominable; extremely hateful; very odious; deserving abhorrence; <as>as, <ex>detestable</ex> vices</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thou hast defiled my sanctuary will all thy <b>detestable</b> things, and with all thine abominations.
<i>Ezek. v. 11.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Abominable; odious; execrable; abhorred.</syn>

<h1>Detestableness</h1>
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<hw>De*test"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being detestable.</def>

<h1>Detestably</h1>
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<hw>De*test"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a detestable manner.</def>

<h1>Detesttate</h1>
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<hw>De*test"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To detest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Detestation</h1>
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<hw>Det`es*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>detestatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82testation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of detesting; extreme hatred or dislike; abhorrence; loathing.</def>

<blockquote>We are heartily agreed in our <b>detestation</b> of civil war.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Detester</h1>
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<hw>De*test"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who detes<?/<?/</def>

<h1>Dethrone</h1>
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<hw>De*throne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dethroned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dethroning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>throne</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82tr\'93ner</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>tr\'93ne</ets> throne. See <er>Throne</er>.]</ety> <def>To remove or drive from a throne; to depose; to divest of supreme authority and dignity.</def> "The Protector was <i>dethroned</i>."

<i>Hume.</i>

<h1>Dethronement</h1>
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<hw>De*throne"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82tr\'93nement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deposal from a throne; deposition from regal power.</def>

<h1>Dethroner</h1>
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<hw>De*thron"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dethrones.</def>

<h1>Dethronization</h1>
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<hw>De*thron`i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dethronement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Speed.</i>

<h1>Dethronize</h1>
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<hw>De*thron"ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>dethronizare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To dethrone or unthrone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Detinue</h1>
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<hw>Det"i*nue</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>detinu</ets>, <ets>detenu</ets>, p. p. of <ets>detenir</ets> to detain. See <er>Detain</er>.]</ety> <def>A person or thing detained</def>; <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>a form of action for the recovery of a personal chattel wrongfully detained.</def>

<cs><col>Writ of detinue</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one that lies against him who wrongfully <i>detains<i> goods or chattels delivered to him, or in possession, to recover the thing itself, or its value and damages, from the detainer. It is now in a great measure superseded by other remedies.</cd></cs>

<h1>Detonate</h1>
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<hw>Det"o*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Detonated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Detonating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>detonare</ets>, v. i., to thunder down; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>tonare</ets> to thunder; akin to E. <ets>thunder</ets>. See <er>Thunder</er>, and cf. <er>Detonize</er>.]</ety> <def>To explode with a sudden report; <as>as, niter <ex>detonates</ex> with sulphur</as>.</def>

<h1>Detonate</h1>
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<hw>Det"o*nate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to explode; to cause to burn or inflame with a sudden report.</def>

<h1>Detonating</h1>
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<hw>Det"o*na`ting</hw>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>from <er>Detonate</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Detonating gas</col>, <cd>a mixture of two volumes of hydrogen with one volume of oxygen, which explodes with a loud report upon ignition.</cd> -- <col>Detonating powder</col>, <cd>any powder or solid substance, as fulminate of mercury, which when struck, explodes with violence and a loud report.</cd> -- <col>Detonating primer</col>, <cd>a primer exploded by a fuse; -- used to explode gun cotton in blasting operations.</cd> -- <col>Detonating tube</col>, <cd>a strong tube of glass, usually graduated, closed at one end, and furnished with two wires passing through its sides at opposite points, and nearly meeting, for the purpose of exploding gaseous mixtures by an electric spark, as in gas analysis, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Detonation</h1>
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<hw>Det`o*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82tonation</ets>.]</ety> <def>An explosion or sudden report made by the instantaneous decomposition or combustion of unstable substances' as, the <i>detonation</i> of gun cotton.</def>

<h1>Detonator</h1>
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<hw>Det`o*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, detonates.</def>

<h1>Detonization</h1>
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<hw>Det`o*ni*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of detonizing; detonation.</def>

<h1>Detonize</h1>
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<hw>Det"o*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Detonate</er>.]</ety> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt><er>Detonized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Detonizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To explode, or cause to explode; to burn with an explosion; to detonate.</def>

<h1>Detorsion</h1>
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<hw>De*tor"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Detortion</er>.</def>

<h1>Detort</h1>
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<hw>De*tort"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Detorted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Detorting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>detortus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>detorquere</ets> to turn away; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>torquere</ets> to turn about, twist: cf. F. <ets>d\'82torquer</ets>, <ets>d\'82tordre</ets>.]</ety> <def>To turn form the original or plain meaning; to pervert; to wrest.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Detortion</h1>
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<hw>De*tor"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of detorting, or the state of being detorted; a twisting or warping.</def>

<h1>Detour</h1>
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<hw>De`tour"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82tour</ets>, fr. <ets>d\'82tourner</ets> to turn aside; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>tourner</ets> to turn. See <er>Turn</er>.]</ety> <def>A turning; a circuitous route; a deviation from a direct course; <as>as, the <ex>detours</ex> of the Mississippi</as>.</def>

<h1>Detract</h1>
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<hw>De*tract"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Detracted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Detracting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>detractus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>detrahere</ets> to detract; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>trahere</ets> to draw: cf. F. <ets>d\'82tracter</ets>. See <er>Trace</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To take away; to withdraw.</def>

<blockquote><b>Detract</b> much from the view of the without.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take credit or reputation from; to defame.</def>

<blockquote>That calumnious critic . . .
<b>Detracting</b> what laboriously we do.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To derogate; decry; disparage; depreciate; asperse; vilify; defame; traduce. See <er>Decry</er>.</syn>

<h1>Detract</h1>
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<hw>De*tract"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take away a part or something, especially from one's credit; to lessen reputation; to derogate; to defame; -- often with <i>from</i>.</def>

<blockquote>It has been the fashion to <b>detract</b> both from the moral and literary character of Cicero.
<i>V. Knox.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Detracter</h1>
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<hw>De*tract"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who detracts; a detractor.</def>

<blockquote>Other <b>detracters</b> and malicious writers.
<i>Sir T. North.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Detractingly</h1>
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<hw>De*tract"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a detracting manner.</def>

<h1>Detraction</h1>
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<hw>De*trac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82traction</ets>, L. <ets>detractio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A taking away or withdrawing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>detraction</b> of the eggs of the said wild fowl.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of taking away from the reputation or good name of another; a lessening or cheapening in the estimation of others; the act of depreciating another, from envy or malice; calumny.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Depreciation; disparagement; derogation; slander; calumny; aspersion; censure.</syn>

<h1>Detractious</h1>
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<hw>De*trac"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing detraction; detractory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Detractive</h1>
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<hw>De*tract"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Tending to detractor draw.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tending to lower in estimation; depreciative.</def>

<h1>Detractiveness</h1>
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<hw>De*tract"ive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being detractive.</def>

<h1>Detracor</h1>
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<hw>De*trac"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>d\'82tracteur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who detracts; a derogator; a defamer.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>detractors</b> were noisy and scurrilous.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Slanderer; calumniator; defamer; vilifier.</syn>

<h1>Detractory</h1>
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<hw>De*tract"o*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Defamatory by denial of desert; derogatory; calumnious.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Detractress</h1>
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<hw>De*tract"ress</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female detractor.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Detrain</h1>
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<hw>De*train"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To alight, or to cause to alight, from a railway train.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>London Graphic.</i>

<h1>Detrect</h1>
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<hw>De*trect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>detrectare</ets>; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>tractare</ets>, intens. of <ets>trahere</ets> to draw.]</ety> <def>To refuse; to decline.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>detrect</i> the battle."

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<hr>
<page="402">
Page 402<p>

<h1>Detriment</h1>
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<hw>Det"ri*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>detrimentum</ets>, fr. <ets>deterere</ets>, <ets>detritum</ets>, to rub or wear away; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>terere</ets> to rub: cf. F. <ets>d\'82triment</ets>. See <er>Trite</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which injures or causes damage; mischief; harm; diminution; loss; damage; -- used very generically; <as>as, <ex>detriments</ex> to property, religion, morals, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>I can repair
That <b>detriment</b>, if such it be.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A charge made to students and barristers for incidental repairs of the rooms they occupy.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Injury; loss; damage; disadvantage; prejudice; hurt; mischief; harm.</syn>

<h1>Detriment</h1>
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<hw>Det"ri*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To do injury to; to hurt.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Other might be <b>determined</b> thereby.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Detrimental</h1>
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<hw>Det`ri*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing detriment; injurious; hurtful.</def>

<blockquote>Neither dangerous nor <b>detrimental</b> to the donor.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Injurious; hurtful; prejudicial; disadvantageous; mischievous; pernicious.</syn>

<h1>Detrimentalness</h1>
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<hw>Det`ri*men"tal*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being detrimental; injuriousness.</def>

<h1>Detrital</h1>
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<hw>De*tri"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or composed of, detritus.</def>

<h1>Detrite</h1>
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<hw>De*trite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>detritus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Worn out.</def>

<h1>Detrition</h1>
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<hw>De*tri"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>detritio</ets>. See <er>Detriment</er>.]</ety> <def>A wearing off or away.</def>

<blockquote>Phonograms which by process long-continued <b>detrition</b> have reached a step of extreme simplicity.
<i>I. Taylor (The Alphabet).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Detritus</h1>
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<hw>De*tri"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82tritus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>detritus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deterere</ets>. See <er>Detriment</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A mass of substances worn off from solid bodies by attrition, and reduced to small portions; <as>as, diluvial <ex>detritus</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; For large portions, the word <i>d\'82bris</i> is used.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Any fragments separated from the body to which they belonged; any product of disintegration.</def>

<blockquote>The mass of <b>detritus</b> of which modern languages are composed.
<i>Farrar.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Detrude</h1>
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<hw>De*trude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Detruded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Detruding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>detrudere</ets>, <ets>detrusum</ets>; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>trudere</ets> to thrust, push.]</ety> <def>To thrust down or out; to push down with force.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Detuncate</h1>
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<hw>De*tun"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Detruncated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Detruncating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>detruncatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>detruncare</ets> to cut off; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>truncare</ets> to maim, shorten, cut off. See <er>Truncate</er>.]</ety> <def>To shorten by cutting; to cut off; to lop off.</def>

<h1>Detruncation</h1>
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<hw>De`trun*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>detruncatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82troncation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of lopping or cutting off, as the head from the body.</def>

<h1>Detrusion</h1>
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<hw>De*tru"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>detrusio</ets>. See <er>Detrude</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of thrusting or driving down or outward; outward thrust.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*tru"sive</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dette</h1>
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<hw>Dette</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Debt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Detteles</h1>
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<hw>Dette"les</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from debt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Detumescence</h1>
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<hw>De`tu*mes"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>detumescere</ets> to cease swelling; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>tumescere</ets>, <ets>tumere</ets>, to swell.]</ety> <def>Diminution of swelling; subsidence of anything swollen.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Detur</h1>
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<hw>De"tur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>detur</ets> let it be given.]</ety> <def>A present of books given to a meritorious undergraduate student as a prize.</def> <mark>[Harvard Univ., U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Deturb</h1>
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<hw>De*turb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deturbare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To throw down.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Deturbate</h1>
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<hw>De*tur"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>deturbatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>deturbare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>deturbare</ets> to thrust down.]</ety> <def>To evict; to remove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Deturbation</h1>
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<hw>Det`ur*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of deturbating.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Deturn</h1>
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<hw>De*turn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>turn</ets>. Cf. <er>Detour</er>.]</ety> <def>To turn away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir K. Digby.</i>

<h1>Deturpate</h1>
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<hw>De*tur"pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>deturpare</ets>; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>turpare</ets> to make ugly, defile, <ets>turpis</ets> ugly, foul.]</ety> <def>To defile; to disfigure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Deturpation</h1>
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<hw>Det`ur*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A making foul.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Deuce</h1>
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<hw>Deuce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>deux</ets> two, OF. <ets>deus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>duo</ets>. See <er>Two</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gaming)</fld> <def>Two; a card or a die with two spots; <as>as, the <ex>deuce</ex> of hearts</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Tennis)</fld> <def>A condition of the score beginning when<?/ver each side has won three strokes in the same game (also reckoned "40 all"), and reverted to as often as a tie is made until one of the sides secures two successive strokes following a tie or <i>deuce</i>, which decides the game.</def>

<h1>Deuce</h1>
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<hw>Deuce</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>dusius</ets>, Armor, <ets>dus</ets>, <ets>te\'96z</ets>, phantom, specter; Gael. <ets>taibhs</ets>, <ets>taibhse</ets>, apparition, ghost; or fr. OF. <ets>deus</ets> God, fr. L. <ets>deus</ets> (cf. <er>Deity</er>.)] <def>The devil; a demon.</def> <altsp>[A euphemism, written also <asp>deuse</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Deuced</h1>
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<hw>Deu"ced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Devilish; excessive; extreme.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Deu"ced*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<mhw><h1>Deuse, n.; Deused</h1>
<Xpage=402>

<hw>Deuse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <hw>Deu"sed</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></mhw> <def>See <er>Deuce</er>, <er>Deuced</er>.</def>

<h1>Deuterocanonical</h1>
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<hw>Deu`ter*o*ca*non"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ second + E. <ets>canonical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a second canon, or ecclesiastical writing of inferior authority; -- said of the Apocrypha, certain Epistles, etc.</def>

<h1>Deuterogamist</h1>
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<hw>Deu`ter*og"a*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Deuterogamy</er>.]</ety> <def>One who marries the second time.</def>

<h1>Deuterogamy</h1>
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<hw>Deu`ter*og"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ second + <?/ wedding, marriage.]</ety> <def>A second marriage, after the death of the first husband of wife; -- in distinction from bigamy, as defined in the old canon law. See <er>Bigamy</er>.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Deuterogenic</h1>
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<hw>Deu`ter*o*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ second + root of <?/ to be born.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of secondary origin; -- said of certain rocks whose material has been derived from older rocks.</def>

<h1>Deuteronomist</h1>
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<hw>Deu`ter*on"o*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The writer of Deuteronomy.</def>

<h1>Deuteronomy</h1>
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<hw>Deu`ter*on"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ second + <?/ law: cf. L. <ets>Deuteronomium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bibl.)</fld> <def>The fifth book of the Pentateuch, containing the second giving of the law by Moses.</def>

<h1>Deuteropathia, Deuteropathy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Deu`ter*o*pa*thi"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Deu`ter*op"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>deuteropathia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ second + <?/ suffering, fr. <?/, <?/, to suffer: cf. F. <ets>deut\'82ropathie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A sympathetic affection of any part of the body, as headache from an overloaded stomach.</def>

<h1>Deuteropathic</h1>
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<hw>Deu`ter*o*path"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to deuteropathy; of the nature of deuteropathy.</def>

<h1>Deuteroscopy</h1>
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<hw>Deu`ter*os"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ second + <ets>-scopy</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Second sight.</def>

<blockquote>I felt by anticipation the horrors of the Highland seers, whom their gift of <b>deuteroscopy</b> compels to witness things unmeet for mortal eye.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is seen at a second view; a meaning beyond the literal sense; the second intention; a hidden signification.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Deuterozooid</h1>
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<hw>Deu`ter*o*zo"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ second + E. <ets>zooid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the secondary, and usually sexual, zooids produced by budding or fission from the primary zooids, in animals having alternate generations. In the tapeworms, the joints are deuterozooids.</def>

<h1>Deuthydroguret</h1>
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<hw>Deut`hy*drog"u*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Deutohydroguret</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Deuto- &or; Deut-</h1>
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<hw>Deu"to-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> &or; <hw>Deut-</hw> <tt>(d\'d4t-)</tt></mhw> <ety>[Contr. from Gr. <?/ second.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A prefix which formerly properly indicated <i>the second</i> in a regular series of compound in the series, and not to its composition, but which is now generally employed in the same sense as <i>bi</i>- or <i>di</i>-, although little used.</def>

<h1>Deutohydroguret</h1>
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<hw>Deu`to*hy*drog"u*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>deut-</ets>, <ets>deuto-</ets> + <ets>hydroguret</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound containing in the molecule two atoms of hydrogen united with some other element or radical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Deutoplasm</h1>
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<hw>Deu"to*plasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>deuto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The lifeless food matter in the cytoplasm of an ovum or a cell, as distinguished from the active or true protoplasm; yolk substance; yolk.</def>

<h1>Deutoplastic</h1>
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<hw>Deu`to*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>deuto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ plastic.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or composed of, deutoplasm.</def>

<h1>Deutosulphuret</h1>
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<hw>Deu`to*sul"phu*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>deuto-</ets> + <ets>sulphuret</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A disulphide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Deutoxide</h1>
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<hw>Deu*tox"ide</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>deut-</ets> + <ets>oxide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound containing in the molecule two atoms of oxygen united with some other element or radical; -- usually called <i>dioxide</i>, or less frequently, <i>binoxide</i>.</def>

<h1>Deutzia</h1>
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<hw>Deut"zi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Named after Jan <ets>Deutz</ets> of Holland.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of shrubs with pretty white flowers, much cultivated.</def>

<mhw><h1>Dev, &or;  Deva</h1>
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<hw>Dev</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or;  <hw>De"va</hw> (<?/)</mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>d<?/va</ets>. Cf. <er>Deity</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Hind. Myth.)</fld> <def>A god; a deity; a divine being; an idol; a king.</def>

<h1>Devanagari</h1>
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<hw>De`va*na"ga*ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>d<?/van\'begar\'c6</ets>; <ets>d<?/va</ets> god + <ets>nagara</ets> city, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., divine city.]</ety> <def>The character in which Sanskrit is written.</def>

<h1>Devaporation</h1>
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<hw>De*vap`o*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The change of vapor into water, as in the formation of rain.</def>

<h1>Devast</h1>
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<hw>De*vast"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82vaster</ets>. See <er>Devastate</er>.]</ety> <def>To devastate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bolingbroke.</i>

<h1>Devastate</h1>
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<hw>Dev"as*tate</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Devastated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Devastating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>devastatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>devastare</ets> to devastate; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>vastare</ets> to lay waste, <ets>vastus</ets> waste. See <er>Vast</er>.]</ety> <def>To lay waste; to ravage; to desolate.</def>

<blockquote>Whole countries . . . were <b>devastated</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To waste; ravage; desolate; destroy; demolish; plunder; pillage.</syn>

<h1>Devastation</h1>
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<hw>Dev`as*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82vastation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of devastating, or the state of being devastated; a laying waste.</def>

<blockquote>Even now the <b>devastation</b> is begun,
And half the business of destruction done.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Waste of the goods of the deceased by an executor or administrator.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Desolation; ravage; waste; havoc; destruction; ruin; overthrow.</syn>

<h1>Devastator</h1>
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<hw>Dev"as*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, devastates.</def>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Devastavit</h1>
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<hw>Dev`as*ta"vit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., he has wasted.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Waste or misapplication of the assets of a deceased person by an executor or an administrator.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Devata</h1>
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<hw>De"va*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind., fr. Skr. <ets>d<?/va</ets> god.]</ety> <fld>(Hind. Myth.)</fld> <def>A deity; a divine being; a good spirit; an idol.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dewata</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Deve</h1>
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<hw>Deve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Deaf</er>.]</ety> <def>Deaf.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Develin</h1>
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<hw>Dev"el*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European swift.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Develop</h1>
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<hw>De*vel"op</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Developed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Developing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82veloper</ets>; <ets>d\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + OF. <ets>voluper</ets>, <ets>voleper</ets>, to envelop, perh. from L. <ets>volup</ets> agreeably, delightfully, and hence orig., to make agreeable or comfortable by enveloping, to keep snug (cf. <er>Voluptuous</er>); or. perh. fr. a derivative of <ets>volvere</ets>, <ets>volutum</ets>, to roll (cf. <er>Devolve</er>). Cf. <er>Envelop</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>develope</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To free from that which infolds or envelops; to unfold; to lay open by degrees or in detail; to make visible or known; to disclose; to produce or give forth; <as>as, to <ex>develop</ex> theories; a motor that <ex>develops</ex> 100 horse power.</as></def>

<blockquote>These serve to <b>develop</b> its tenets.
<i>Milner.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The 20th was spent in strengthening our position and <b>developing</b> the line of the enemy.
<i>The Century.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To unfold gradually, as a flower from a bud; hence, to bring through a succession of states or stages, each of which is preparatory to the next; to form or expand by a process of growth; to cause to change gradually from an embryo, or a lower state, to a higher state or form of being; <as>as, sunshine and rain <ex>develop</ex> the bud into a flower; to <ex>develop</ex> the mind.</as></def>

<blockquote>The sound <b>developed</b> itself into a real compound.
<i>J. Peile.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All insects . . . acquire the jointed legs before the wings are fully <b>developed</b>.
<i>Owen.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To advance; to further; to prefect; to make to increase; to promote the growth of.</def>

<blockquote>We must <b>develop</b> our own resources to the utmost.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To change the form of, as of an algebraic expression, by executing certain indicated operations without changing the value.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>To cause to become visible, as an invisible or latent image upon plate, by submitting it to chemical agents; to bring to view.</def>

<cs><col>To develop a curved surface on a place</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>to produce on the plane an equivalent surface, as if by rolling the curved surface so that all parts shall successively touch the plane.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To uncover; unfold; evolve; promote; project; lay open; disclose; exhibit; unravel; disentangle.</syn>

<h1>Develop</h1>
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<hw>De*vel"op</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To go through a process of natural evolution or growth, by successive changes from a less perfect to a more perfect or more highly organized state; to advance from a simpler form of existence to one more complex either in structure or function; <as>as, a blossom <ex>develops</ex> from a bud; the seed <ex>develops</ex> into a plant; the embryo <ex>develops</ex> into a well-formed animal; the mind <ex>develops</ex> year by year.</as></def>

<blockquote>Nor poets enough to understand
That life <b>develops</b> from within.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To become apparent gradually; <as>as, a picture on sensitive paper <ex>develops</ex> on the application of heat; the plans of the conspirators <ex>develop</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Developable</h1>
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<hw>De*vel"op*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being developed.</def>

<i>J. Peile.</i>

<cs><col>Developable surface</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a surface described by a moving right line, and such that consecutive positions of the generator intersect each other. Hence, the surface can be developed into a plane.</cd></cs>

<h1>Developer</h1>
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<hw>De*vel"op*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, develops.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A reagent by the action of which the latent image upon a photographic plate, after exposure in the camera, or otherwise, is developed and visible.</def>

<h1>Development</h1>
<Xpage=402>

<hw>De*vel"op*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82veloppement</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>developement</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of developing or disclosing that which is unknown; a gradual unfolding process by which anything is developed, as a plan or method, or an image upon a photographic plate; gradual advancement or growth through a series of progressive changes; also, the result of developing, or a developed state.</def>

<blockquote>A new <b>development</b> of imagination, taste, and poetry.
<i>Channing.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The series of changes which animal and vegetable organisms undergo in their passage from the embryonic state to maturity, from a lower to a higher state of organization.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act or process of changing or expanding an expression into another of equivalent value or meaning.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The equivalent expression into which another has been developed.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(mus.)</fld> <def>The elaboration of a theme or subject; the unfolding of a musical idea; the evolution of a whole piece or movement from a leading theme or motive.</def>

<cs><col>Development theory</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the doctrine that animals and plants possess the power of passing by slow and successive stages from a lower to a higher state of organization, and that all the higher forms of life now in existence were thus developed by uniform laws from lower forms, and are not the result of special creative acts. See the Note under <er>Darwinian</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Unfolding; disclosure; unraveling; evolution; elaboration; growth.</syn>

<h1>Developmental</h1>
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<hw>De*vel`op*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the process of development; <as>as, the <ex>developmental</ex> power of a germ</as>.</def>

<i>Carpenter.</i>

<h1>Devenustate</h1>
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<hw>Dev`e*nus"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>devenustatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>devenustare</ets> to disfigure; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>venustus</ets> lovely, graceful.]</ety> <def>To deprive of beauty or grace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Devergence, Devergency</h1>
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<hw><hw>De*ver"gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>De*ver"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Divergence</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Devest</h1>
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<hw>De*vest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Devested</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Devesting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>devestire</ets> to undress; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>vestire</ets> to dress: cf. OF. <ets>devestir</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82v\'88tir</ets>. Cf. <er>Divest</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To divest; to undress.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take away, as an authority, title, etc., to deprive; to alienate, as an estate.</def>

<note>&hand; This word is now generally written <i>divest</i>, except in the legal sense.</note>

<h1>Devest</h1>
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<hw>De*vest"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To be taken away, lost, or alienated, as a title or an estate.</def>

<h1>Devex</h1>
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<hw>De*vex"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>devexus</ets>, from <ets>devehere</ets> to carry down.]</ety> <def>Bending down; sloping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Devex</h1>
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<hw>De*vex"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Devexity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>May (Lucan).</i>

<h1>Devexity</h1>
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<hw>De*vex"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>devexitas</ets>, fr. <ets>devexus</ets>. See <er>Devex</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A bending downward; a sloping; incurvation downward; declivity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Davies (Wit's Pilgr.)</i>

<h1>Devi</h1>
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<hw>De"vi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>; <i>fem</i>. of <er>Deva</er>. A goddess.</def>

<h1>Deviant</h1>
<Xpage=402>

<hw>De"vi*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deviating.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Deviate</h1>
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<hw>De"vi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deviated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deviating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>deviare</ets> to deviate; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>viare</ets> to go, travel, <ets>via</ets> way. See <er>Viaduct</er>.]</ety> <def>To go out of the way; to turn aside from a course or a method; to stray or go astray; to err; to digress; to diverge; to vary.</def>

<blockquote>Thus Pegasus, a nearer way to take,
May boldly <b>deviate</b> from the common track.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To swerve; stray; wander; digress; depart; deflect; err.</syn>

<h1>Deviate</h1>
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<hw>De"vi*ate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to deviate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>deviate</b> a needle.
<i>J. D. Forbes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Deviation</h1>
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<hw>De`vi*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>deviatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82viation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of deviating; a wandering from the way; variation from the common way, from an established rule, etc.; departure, as from the right course or the path of duty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state or result of having deviated; a transgression; an act of sin; an error; an offense.</def>

<hr>
<page="403">
Page 403<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The voluntary and unnecessary departure of a ship from, or delay in, the regular and usual course of the specific voyage insured, thus releasing the underwriters from their responsibility.</def>

<cs><col>Deviation of a falling body</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>that deviation from a strictly vertical line of descent which occurs in a body falling freely, in consequence of the rotation of the earth.</cd> -- <col>Deviation of the compass</col>, <cd>the angle which the needle of a ship's compass makes with the magnetic meridian by reason of the magnetism of the iron parts of the ship.</cd> -- <col>Deviation of the line of the vertical</col>, <cd>the difference between the actual direction of a plumb line and the direction it would have if the earth were a perfect ellipsoid and homogeneous, -- caused by the attraction of a mountain, or irregularities in the earth's density.</cd></cs>

<h1>Deviator</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>De"vi*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a forsaker.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, deviates.</def>

<h1>Deviatory</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>De"vi*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to deviate; devious; <as>as, <ex>deviatory</ex> motion</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tully.</i>

<h1>Device</h1>
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<hw>De*vice"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>devis</ets>, <ets>devise</ets>, will, intention, opinion, invention, fr. F. <ets>devis</ets> architect's plan and estimates (in OF., division, plan, wish), <ets>devise</ets> device (in sense 3), in OF. also, division, wish, last will, fr. <ets>deviser</ets>. See <er>Devise</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Devise</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is devised, or formed by design; a contrivance; an invention; a project; a scheme; often, a scheme to deceive; a stratagem; an artifice.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>device</b> in against Babylon, to destroy it.
<i>Jer. li. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their recent <b>device</b> of demanding benevolences.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He disappointeth the <b>devices</b> of the crafty.
<i>Job v. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Power of devising; invention; contrivance.</def>

<blockquote>I must have instruments of my own <b>device</b>.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An emblematic design, generally consisting of one or more figures with a motto, used apart from heraldic bearings to denote the historical situation, the ambition, or the desire of the person adopting it. See <er>Cognizance</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Improperly, an heraldic bearing.</def>

<blockquote>Knights-errant used to distinguish themselves by <b>devices</b> on their shields.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A banner with this strange <b>device</b> -
Excelsior.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything fancifully conceived.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A spectacle or show.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Opinion; decision.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Contrivance; invention; design; scheme; project; stratagem; shift.</syn>  <usage>-- <er>Device</er>, <er>Contrivance</er>. <i>Device</i> implies more of inventive power, and <i>contrivance</i> more of skill and dexterity in execution. A <i>device</i> usually has reference to something worked out for exhibition or show; a <i>contrivance</i> usually respects the arrangement or disposition of things with reference to securing some end. <i>Devices</i> were worn by knights-errant on their shields; <i>contrivances</i> are generally used to promote the practical convenience of life. The word <i>device</i> is often used in a bad sense; <as>as, a crafty <ex>device</ex></as>; <i>contrivance</i> is almost always used in a good sense; <as>as, a useful <ex>contrivance</ex></as>.</usage>

<h1>Deviceful</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>De*vice"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of devices; inventive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A carpet, rich, and of <b>deviceful</b> thread.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Devicefully</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>De*vice"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a deviceful manner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Devil</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>Dev"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>de\'a2fol</ets>, <ets>de\'a2ful</ets>; akin to G. <ets><?/eufel</ets>, Goth. <ets>diaba\'a3lus</ets>; all fr. L. <ets>diabolus</ets> the devil, Gr. <?/ the devil, the slanderer, fr. <?/ to slander, calumniate, orig., to throw across; <?/ across + <?/ to throw, let fall, fall; cf. Skr. <ets>gal</ets> to fall. Cf. <er>Diabolic</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The Evil One; Satan, represented as the tempter and spiritual of mankind.</def>

<blockquote>[Jesus] being forty days tempted of the <b>devil</b>.
<i>Luke iv. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That old serpent, called the <b>Devil</b>, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world.
<i>Rev. xii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An evil spirit; a demon.</def>

<blockquote>A dumb man possessed with a <b>devil</b>.
<i>Matt. ix. 32.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A very wicked person; hence, any great evil.</def> "That <i>devil</i> Glendower."  "The <i>devil</i> drunkenness."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Have not I chosen you twelve, and one of you is a <b>devil</b>?
<i>John vi. 70.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An expletive of surprise, vexation, or emphasis, or, ironically, of negation.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>devil</b> a puritan that he is, . . . but a timepleaser.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The things, we know, are neither rich nor rare,
But wonder how the <b>devil</b> they got there.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A dish, as a bone with the meat, broiled and excessively peppered; a grill with Cayenne pepper.</def>

<blockquote>Men and women busy in baking, broiling, roasting oysters, and preparing <b>devils</b> on the gridiron.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Manuf.)</fld> <def>A machine for tearing or cutting rags, cotton, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Blue devils</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blue</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cartesian devil</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cartesian</er>.</cd> -- <col>Devil bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of two or more South African drongo shrikes (<spn>Edolius retifer</spn>, and <spn>E. remifer</spn>), believed by the natives to be connected with sorcery.</cd> -- <col>Devil may care</col>, <cd>reckless, defiant of authority; -- used adjectively. <i>Longfellow</i>.</cd> -- <col>Devil's apron</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the large kelp (<spn>Laminaria saccharina</spn>, and <spn>L. longicruris</spn>) of the Atlantic ocean, having a blackish, leathery expansion, shaped somewhat like an apron.</cd> -- <col>Devil's coachhorse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The black rove beetle (<spn>Ocypus olens</spn>).</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A large, predacious, hemipterous insect (<spn>Prionotus cristatus</spn>); the wheel bug.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Devil's darning-needle</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Darn</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></cd> -- <mcol><col>Devil's fingers</col>, <col>Devil's hand</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common British starfish (<spn>Asterias rubens</spn>); -- also applied to a sponge with stout branches.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng., Irish & Scot.]</mark> -- <col>Devil's riding-horse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the American mantis (<spn>Mantis Carolina</spn>).</cd> -- <col>The Devil's tattoo</col>, <cd>a drumming with the fingers or feet. "Jack played <i>the Devil's tattoo<i> on the door with his boot heels." <i>F. Hardman (Blackw. Mag.)</i>.</cd> -- <col>Devil worship</col>, <cd>worship of the power of evil; -- still practiced by barbarians who believe that the good and evil forces of nature are of equal power.</cd> -- <col>Printer's devil</col>, <cd>the youngest apprentice in a printing office, who runs on errands, does dirty work (as washing the ink rollers and sweeping), etc. "Without fearing the <i>printer's devil<i> or the sheriff's officer." <i>Macaulay</i>.</cd> -- <col>Tasmanian devil</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very savage carnivorous marsupial of Tasmania (<spn>Dasyurus, &or; Diabolus, ursinus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>To play devil with</col>, <cd>to molest extremely; to ruin. <mark>[Low]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Devil</h1>
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<hw>Dev"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Deviled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Devilled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Deviling</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Devilling</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make like a devil; to invest with the character of a devil.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grill with Cayenne pepper; to season highly in cooking, as with pepper.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>deviled</b> leg of turkey.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<-- <col>deviled egg</col> <cd>a hard-boiled egg, sliced into halves and with the yolk removed and replaced with a paste, usually made from the yolk and mayonnaise, seasoned with salt and/or spices such as paprika.</cd> -->

<mhw><h1>Devil-diver, Devil bird</h1>
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<hw>Dev"il-div`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dev"il bird`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small water bird. See <er>Dabchick</er>.</def>

<h1>Deviless</h1>
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<hw>Dev"il*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A she-devil.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Devilet</h1>
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<hw>Dev"il*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little devil.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Barham.</i>

<h1>Devilfish</h1>
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<hw>Dev"il*fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A huge ray (<spn>Manta birostris</spn> &or; <spn>Cephaloptera vampyrus</spn>) of the Gulf of Mexico and Southern Atlantic coasts. Several other related species take the same name. See <er>Cephaloptera</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A large cephalopod, especially the very large species of <spn>Octopus</spn> and <spn>Architeuthis</spn></def>. See <er>Octopus</er>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The gray whale of the Pacific coast</def>. See <er>Gray whale</er>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The goosefish or angler (<spn>Lophius</spn>), and other allied fishes. See <er>Angler</er>.</def>

<h1>Deviling</h1>
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<hw>Dev"il*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A young devil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. &  Fl.</i>

<h1>Devilish</h1>
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<hw>Dev"il*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Resembling, characteristic of, or pertaining to, the devil; diabolical; wicked in the extreme.</def> "<i>Devilish</i> wickedness."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<blockquote>This wisdom descendeth not from above, but is earthly, sensual, <b>devilish</b>.
<i>James iii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Extreme; excessive.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Diabolical; infernal; hellish; satanic; wicked; malicious; detestable; destructive.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dev"il*ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dev"il*ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Devilism</h1>
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<hw>Dev"il*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of the devil or of devils; doctrine of the devil or of devils.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Devilize</h1>
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<hw>Dev"il*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a devil of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He that should deify a saint, should wrong him as much as he that should <b>devilize</b> him.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Devilkin</h1>
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<hw>Dev"il*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little devil; a devilet.</def>

<h1>Devilment</h1>
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<hw>Dev"il*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Deviltry.</def>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Devilry</h1>
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<hw>Dev"il*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Devilries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Conduct suitable to the devil; extreme wickedness; deviltry.</def>

<blockquote>Stark lies and <b>devilry</b>.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The whole body of evil spirits.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<h1>Devil's darning-needle</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>Dev"il's darn"ing-nee`dle</hw>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dragon fly. See <cref>Darning needle</cref>, under <er>Darn</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Devilship</h1>
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<hw>Dev"il*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The character or person of a devil or the devil.</def>

<i>Cowley.</i>

<h1>Deviltry</h1>
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<hw>Dev"il*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Deviltries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Diabolical conduct; malignant mischief; devilry.</def>

<i>C. Reade.</i>

<h1>Devilwood</h1>
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<hw>Dev"il*wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of tree (<spn>Osmanthus Americanus</spn>), allied to the European olive.</def>

<h1>Devious</h1>
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<hw>De"vi*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>devius</ets>; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>via</ets> way. See <er>Viaduct</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Out of a straight line; winding; varying from directness; <as>as, a <ex>devious</ex> path or way</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Going out of the right or common course; going astray; erring; wandering; <as>as, a <ex>devious</ex> step</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Wandering; roving; rambling; vagrant.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>De"vi*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>De"vi*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Devirginate</h1>
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<hw>De*vir"gin*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>devirginatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>devirginare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deprived of virginity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Devirginate</h1>
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<hw>De*vir"gin*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of virginity; to deflour.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Devirgination</h1>
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<hw>De*vir`gi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>devirginatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A deflouring.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Devisable</h1>
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<hw>De*vis"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Devise</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being devised, invented, or contrived.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being bequeathed, or given by will.</def>

<h1>Devisal</h1>
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<hw>De*vis"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A devising.</def>

<i>Whitney.</i>

<h1>Devise</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>De*vise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Devised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Devising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>deviser</ets> to distribute, regulate, direct, relate, F., to chat, fr. L. <ets>divisus</ets> divided, distributed, p. p. of <ets>dividere</ets>. See <er>Divide</er>, and cf. <er>Device</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To form in the mind by new combinations of ideas, new applications of principles, or new arrangement of parts; to formulate by thought; to contrive; to excogitate; to invent; to plan; to scheme; <as>as, to <ex>devise</ex> an engine, a new mode of writing, a plan of defense, or an argument</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>devise</b> curious works.
<i>Ex. CCTV. 32.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Devising</b> schemes to realize his ambitious views.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To plan or scheme for; to purpose to obtain.</def>

<blockquote>For wisdom is most riches; fools therefore
They are which fortunes do by vows <b>devise</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To say; to relate; to describe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To imagine; to guess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To give by will; -- used of real estate; formerly, also, of chattels.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To bequeath; invent; discover; contrive; excogitate; imagine; plan; scheme. See <er>Bequeath</er>.</syn>

<h1>Devise</h1>
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<hw>De*vise"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form a scheme; to lay a plan; to contrive; to consider.</def>

<blockquote>I thought, <b>devised</b>, and Pallas heard my prayer.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Devise</i> was formerly followed by <i>of</i>; as, let us <i>devise of</i> ease.</note>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Devise</h1>
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<hw>De*vise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>devise</ets> division, deliberation, wish, will, testament. See <er>Device</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of giving or disposing of real estate by will; -- sometimes improperly applied to a bequest of personal estate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A will or testament, conveying real estate; the clause of a will making a gift of real property.</def>

<blockquote>Fines upon <b>devises</b> were still exacted.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Property devised, or given by will.</def>

<h1>Devise</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>De*vise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Device. See <er>Device</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Devisee</h1>
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<hw>Dev`i*see"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One to whom a devise is made, or real estate given by will.</def>

<h1>Deviser</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>De*vis"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who devises.</def>

<h1>Devisor</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>De*vis"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who devises, or gives real estate by will; a testator; -- correlative to <i>devisee</i>.</def>

<h1>Devitable</h1>
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<hw>Dev"i*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>devitare</ets> to avoid; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>vitare</ets> to shun, avoid.]</ety> <def>Avoidable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Devitalize</h1>
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<hw>De*vi"tal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of life or vitality.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*vi`tal*i*za"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Devitation</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>Dev`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>devitatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>An avoiding or escaping; also, a warning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Devitrification</h1>
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<hw>De*vit`ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of devitrifying, or the state of being devitrified. Specifically, the conversion of molten glassy matter into a stony mass by slow cooling, the result being the formation of crystallites, microbites, etc., in the glassy base, which are then called <i>devitrification products</i>.</def>

<h1>Devitrify</h1>
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<hw>De*vit"ri*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of glasslike character; to take away vitreous luster and transparency from.</def>

<h1>Devocalize</h1>
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<hw>De*vo"cal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make toneless; to deprive of vowel quality.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*vo`cal*i*za"tion</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>If we take a high vowel, such as (i) [= nearly i of bit], and <b>devocalize</b> it, we obtain a hiss which is quite distinct enough to stand for a weak (jh).
<i>H. Sweet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Devocation</h1>
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<hw>Dev`o*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>devocare</ets> to call off or away; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>vocare</ets> to call.]</ety> <def>A calling off or away.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hallywell.</i>

<h1>Devoid</h1>
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<hw>De*void"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>devoiden</ets> to leave, OF. <ets>desvuidier</ets>, <ets>desvoidier</ets>, to empty out. See <er>Void</er>.]</ety> <def>To empty out; to remove.</def>

<h1>Devoid</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>De*void"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Devoid</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Void; empty; vacant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destitute; not in possession; -- with <i>of</i>; <as>as, <ex>devoid</ex> of sense; <ex>devoid</ex> of pity or of pride.</as></def>

<h1>Devoir</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>De*voir"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>debere</ets> to owe. See <er>Due</er>.]</ety> <def>Duty; service owed; hence, due act of civility or respect; -- now usually in the plural; <as>as, they paid their <ex>devoirs</ex> to the ladies</as>.</def> "Do now your <i>devoid</i>, young knights!"

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Devolute</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>Dev"o*lute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>devolutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>devolvere</ets>. See <er>Devolve</er>.]</ety> <def>To devolve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Devolution</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>Dev`o*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>devolutio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82volution</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of rolling down.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>devolution</b> of earth down upon the valleys.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Transference from one person to another; a passing or devolving upon a successor.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>devolution</b> of the crown through a . . . channel known and conformable to old constitutional requisitions.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Devolve</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>De*volve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Devolved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Devolving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>devolvere</ets>, <ets>devolutum</ets>, to roll down; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>volvere</ets> to roll down; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>volvere</ets> to roll. See <er>Voluble</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To roll onward or downward; to pass on.</def>

<blockquote>Every headlong stream
<b>Devolves</b> its winding waters to the main.
<i>Akenside.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Devolved</b> his rounded periods.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To transfer from one person to another; to deliver over; to hand down; -- generally with <i>upon</i>, sometimes with <i>to</i> or <i>into</i>.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>devolved</b> a considerable share of their power upon their favorite.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>devolved</b> their whole authority into the hands of the council of sixty.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Devolve</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>De*volve"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To pass by transmission or succession; to be handed over or down; -- generally with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>, sometimes with <i>to</i> or <i>into</i>; <as>as, after the general fell, the command <ex>devolved</ex> upon (or on) the next officer in rank</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His estate . . . <b>devolved</b> to Lord Somerville.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Devolvement</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>De*volve"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of devolving;; devolution.</def>

<h1>Devon</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>De"von</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a breed of hardy cattle originating in the country of Devon, England. Those of pure blood have a deep red color. The small, longhorned variety, called <i>North Devons</i>, is distinguished by the superiority of its working oxen.</def>

<h1>Devonian</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>De*vo"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to Devon or Devonshire in England; <as>as, the <ex>Devonian</ex> rocks, period, or system</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Devonian age</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the age next older than the Carboniferous and later than the Silurian; -- called also the <altname>Age of fishes</altname>. The various strata of this age compose the <i>Devonian formation<i> or <i>system<i>, and include the old red sandstone of Great Britain. They contain, besides plants and numerous invertebrates, the bony portions of many large and remarkable fishes of extinct groups. See the Diagram under <er>Geology</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Devonian</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>De*vo"ni*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Devonian age or formation.</def>

<h1>Devoration</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>Dev`o*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>devoratio</ets>. See <er>Devour</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of devouring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Devotary</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>De*vo"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Devote</er>, <er>Votary</er>.]</ety> <def>A votary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Gregory.</i>

<h1>Devote</h1>
<Xpage=403>

<hw>De*vote"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Devoted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Devoting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>devotus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>devovere</ets>; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>vovere</ets> to vow. See <er>Vow</er>, and cf. <er>Devout</er>, <er>Devow</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To appropriate by vow; to set apart or dedicate by a solemn act; to consecrate; also, to consign over; to doom; to evil; to <i>devote</i> one to destruction; the city was <i>devoted</i> to the flames.</def>

<blockquote>No <b>devoted</b> thing that a man shall <b>devote</b> unto the Lord . . . shall be sold or redeemed.
<i>Lev. xxvii. 28.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To execrate; to curse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give up wholly; to addict; to direct the attention of wholly or compound; to attach; -- often with a reflexive pronoun; <as>as, to <ex>devote</ex> one's self to science, to one's friends, to piety, etc.</as></def>

<hr>
<page="404">
Page 404<p>

<blockquote>Thy servant who is <b>devoted</b> to thy fear.
<i>Ps. cxix. 38.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>devoted</b> themselves unto all wickedness.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A leafless and simple branch . . . <b>devoted</b> to the purpose of climbing.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To addict; apply; dedicate; consecrate; resign; destine; doom; consign. See <er>Addict</er>.</syn>

<h1>Devote</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vote"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>devotus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Devoted; addicted; devout.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Devote</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vote"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A devotee.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir E. Sandys.</i>

<h1>Devoted</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vot"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consecrated to a purpose; strongly attached; zealous; devout; <as>as, a <ex>devoted</ex> admirer</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*vot"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>De*vot"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Devotee</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dev`o*tee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is wholly devoted; esp., one given wholly to religion; one who is superstitiously given to religious duties and ceremonies; a bigot.</def>

<blockquote>While Father Le Blanc was very devout he was not a <b>devotee</b>.
<i>A. S. Hardy.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Devotement</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vote"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being devoted, or set apart by a vow.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hurd.</i>

<h1>Devoter</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vot"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who devotes; a worshiper.</def>

<h1>Devotion</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vo"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82votion</ets>, L. <ets>devotio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of devoting; consecration.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being devoted; addiction; eager inclination; strong attachment love or affection; zeal; especially, feelings toward God appropriately expressed by acts of worship; devoutness.</def>

<blockquote>Genius animated by a fervent spirit of <b>devotion</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Act of devotedness or devoutness; manifestation of strong attachment; act of worship; prayer.</def> "The love of public <i>devotion</i>."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Disposal; power of disposal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They are entirely at our <b>devotion</b>, and may be turned backward and forward, as we please.
<i>Godwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A thing consecrated; an object of devotion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Churches and altars, priests and all <b>devotions</b>,
Tumbled together into rude chaos.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Days of devotion</col>. <cd>See under <er>Day</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Consecration; devoutness; religiousness; piety; attachment; devotedness; ardor; earnestness.</syn>

<h1>Devotional</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vo"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>devotionalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, suited to, or used in, devotion; <as>as, a <ex>devotional</ex> posture; <ex>devotional</ex> exercises; a <ex>devotional</ex> frame of mind.</as></def>

<h1>Devotionalist, Devotionist</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw><hw>De*vo"tion*al*ist</hw>, <hw>De*vo"tion*ist</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One given to devotion, esp. to excessive formal devotion.</def>

<h1>Devotionality</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vo`tion*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice of a devotionalist.</def>

<i>A. H. Clough.</i>

<h1>Devotionally</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vo"tion*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a devotional manner; toward devotion.</def>

<h1>Devoto</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vo"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A devotee.</def>

<i>Dr. J. Scott.</i>

<h1>Devotor</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vo"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A worshiper; one given to devotion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. &  Fl.</i>

<h1>Devour</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vour"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Devoured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Devouring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82vorer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>devorare</ets>; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>vorare</ets> to eat greedily, swallow up. See <er>Voracious</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To eat up with greediness; to consume ravenously; to feast upon like a wild beast or a glutton; to prey upon.</def>

<blockquote>Some evil beast hath <b>devoured</b> him.
<i>Gen. xxxvii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To seize upon and destroy or appropriate greedily, selfishly, or wantonly; to consume; to swallow up; to use up; to waste; to annihilate.</def>

<blockquote>Famine and pestilence shall <b>devour</b> him.
<i>Ezek. vii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I waste my life and do my days <b>devour</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To enjoy with avidity; to appropriate or take in eagerly by the senses.</def>

<blockquote>Longing they look, and gaping at the sight,
<b>Devour</b> her o'er with vast delight.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To consume; waste; destroy; annihilate.</syn>

<h1>Devourable</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vour"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be devoured.</def>

<h1>Devourer</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vour"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, devours.</def>

<h1>Devouringly</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vour"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a devouring manner.</def>

<h1>Devout</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vout"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>devot</ets>, <ets>devout</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82vot</ets>, from L. <ets>devotus</ets> devoted, p. p. of <ets>devovere</ets>. See <er>Devote</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Devoted to religion or to religious feelings and duties; absorbed in religious exercises; given to devotion; pious; reverent; religious.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>devout</b> man, and one that feared God.
<i>Acts x. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We must be constant and <b>devout</b> in the worship of God.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressing devotion or piety; <as>as, eyes <ex>devout</ex>; sighs <ex>devout</ex>; a <ex>devout</ex> posture.</as></def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Warmly devoted; hearty; sincere; earnest; <as>as, <ex>devout</ex> wishes for one's welfare</as>.</def>

<cs><col>The devout</col>, <cd>devoutly religious persons, those who are sincerely pious.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Holy; pure; religious; prayerful; pious; earnest; reverent; solemn; sincere.</syn>

<h1>Devout</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vout"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A devotee.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A devotional composition, or part of a composition; devotion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Devoutful</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vout"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of devotion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sacred.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To take her from austerer check of parents,
To make her his by most <b>devoutful</b> rights.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Devoutless</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vout"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of devotion.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>De*vout"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>De*vout"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Devoutly</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vout"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In a devout and reverent manner; with devout emotions; piously.</def>

<blockquote>Cast her fair eyes to heaven and prayed <b>devoutly</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sincerely; solemnly; earnestly.</def>

<blockquote>'T is a consummation
<b>Devoutly</b> to be wished.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Devoutness</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vout"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality or state of being devout.</def>

<h1>Devove</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vove"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Devote</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To devote.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cowley.</i>

<h1>Devow</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82vouer</ets>, L. <ets>devovere</ets>. See <er>Devote</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To give up; to devote.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>desvoer</ets>. Cf. <er>Disavow</er>.]</ety> <def>To disavow; to disclaim.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>G. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Devulgarize</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>De*vul"gar*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To free from what is vulgar, common, or narrow.</def>

<blockquote>Shakespeare and Plutarch's "Lives" are very <b>devulgarizing</b> books.
<i>E. A. Abbott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dew</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>de\'a0w</ets>; akin to D. <ets>dauw</ets>, G. <ets>thau</ets>, <ets>tau</ets>, Icel. <ets>d\'94gg</ets>, Sw. <ets>dagg</ets>, Dan. <ets>dug</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>dhav</ets>, <ets>dh\'bev</ets>, to flow. <?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Dag</er> dew.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Moisture from the atmosphere condensed by cool bodies upon their surfaces, particularly at night.</def>

<blockquote>Her tears fell with the <b>dews</b> at even.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Figuratively, anything which falls lightly and in a refreshing manner.</def> "The golden <i>dew</i> of sleep."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An emblem of morning, or fresh vigor.</def> "The <i>dew</i> of his youth."

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Dew</i> is used in combination; as, <i>dew</i>-bespangled, <i>dew</i>-drenched, <i>dew</i>drop, etc.</note>

<h1>Dew</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dew</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dewed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dewing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To wet with dew or as with dew; to bedew; to moisten; as with dew.</def>

<blockquote>The grasses grew
A little ranker since they <b>dewed</b> them so.
<i>A. B. Saxton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dew</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dew</hw>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Due</er>, or <er>Duty</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Dewberry</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dew"ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fruit of certain species of bramble (<spn>Rubus</spn>); in England, the fruit of <spn>R. c\'91sius</spn>, which has a glaucous bloom; in America, that of <spn>R. canadensis</spn> and <spn>R. hispidus</spn>, species of low blackberries</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The plant which bears the fruit.</def>

<blockquote>Feed him with apricots and <b>dewberries</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dewclaw</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dew"claw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>In any animal, esp. of the Herbivora, a rudimentary claw or small hoof not reaching the ground.</def>

<blockquote>Some cut off the <b>dewclaws</b> [of greyhounds].
<i>J. H. Walsh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dewdrop</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dew"drop`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A drop of dew.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dewfall</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dew"fall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The falling of dew; the time when dew begins to fall.</def>

<h1>Dewiness</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dew"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being dewy.</def>

<h1>Dewlap</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dew"lap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dew</ets> + <ets>lap</ets> to lick.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The pendulous skin under the neck of an ox, which laps or licks the dew in grazing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The flesh upon the human throat, especially when with age.</def> <mark>[Burlesque]</mark>

<blockquote>On her withered <b>dewlap</b> pour the ale.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dewlapped</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dew"lapped`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with a dewlap.</def>

<h1>Dewless</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dew"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no dew.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Dew-point</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dew"-point`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>The temperature at which dew begins to form. It varies with the humidity and temperature of the atmosphere.</def>

<h1>Dewret</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dew"ret`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dew</ets> + <ets>ret</ets>, v. t.]</ety> <def>To ret or rot by the process called <i>dewretting</i>.</def>

<h1>Dewretting</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dew"ret`ting</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dewrotting; the process of decomposing the gummy matter of flax and hemp and setting the fibrous part, by exposure on a sward to dew, rain, and sunshine.</def>

<h1>Dewrot</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dew"rot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To rot, as flax or hemp, by exposure to rain, dew, and sun. See <er>Dewretting</er>.</def>

<h1>Dewworm</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dew"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Earthworm</er>.</def>

<h1>Dewy</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dew"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to dew; resembling, consisting of, or moist with, dew.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>dewy</b> mist
Went and watered all the ground.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When <b>dewy</b> eve her curtain draws.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Falling gently and beneficently, like the dew.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dewy</b> sleep ambrosial.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resembling a dew-covered surface; appearing as if covered with dew.</def>

<h1>Dexter</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dex"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.,; akin to Gr. <?/, <?/, Skr. <ets>dakshi<?/a</ets> (cf. <ets>daksh</ets> to be strong, suit); Goth. <ets>taihswa</ets>, OHG. <ets>zeso</ets>. Cf. <er>Dexterous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or situated on, the right hand; right, as opposed to <i>sinister</i>, or <i>left</i>.</def>

<blockquote>On sounding wings a <b>dexter</b> eagle flew.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>On the right-hand side of a shield, <i>i</i>. <i>e</i>., towards the right hand of its wearer. To a spectator in front, as in a pictorial representation, this would be the left side.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Dexter chief</col>, &or; <col>Dexter point</col></mcol> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a point in the dexter upper corner of the shield, being in the dexter extremity of the chief, as A in the cut.</cd> -- <col>Dexter base</col>, <cd>a point in the dexter lower part or base of the shield, as B in the cut.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dexterical</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dex*ter"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dexterous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dexterity</h1>
<Xpage=404>

<hw>Dex*ter"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dexteritas</ets>, fr. <ets>dexter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dext\'82rit\'82</ets>. See <er>Dexter</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Right-handedness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Readiness and grace in physical activity; skill and ease in using the hands; expertness in manual acts; <as>as, <ex>dexterity</ex> with the chisel</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In youth quick bearing and <b>dexterity</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Readiness in the use or control of the mental powers; quickness and skill in managing any complicated or difficult affair; adroitness.</def>

<blockquote>His wisdom . . . was turned . . . into a <b>dexterity</b> to deliver himself.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He had conducted his own defense with singular boldness and <b>dexterity</b>.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Adroitness; activity; nimbleness; expertness; skill; cleverness; art; ability; address; tact; facility; aptness; aptitude; faculty. See <er>Skill</er>.</syn>

<h1>Dexterous</h1>
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<hw>Dex"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dexter</ets>. See <er>Dexter</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dextrous</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Ready and expert in the use of the body and limbs; skillful and active with the hands; handy; ready; <as>as, a <ex>dexterous</ex> hand; a <ex>dexterous</ex> workman.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Skillful in contrivance; quick at inventing expedients; expert; <as>as, a <ex>dexterous</ex> manager</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dexterous</b> the craving, fawning crowd to quit.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Done with dexterity; skillful; artful; <as>as, <ex>dexterous</ex> management</as>.</def> "<i>Dexterous</i> sleights of hand."

<i>Trench.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Adroit; active; expert; skillful; clever; able; ready; apt; handy; versed.</syn>

<h1>Dexterously</h1>
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<hw>Dex"ter*ous*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dexterous manner; skillfully.</def>

<h1>Dexterousness</h1>
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<hw>Dex"ter*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being dexterous; dexterity.</def>

<h1>Dextrad</h1>
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<hw>Dex"trad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dextra</ets> the right hand + <ets>ad</ets> to.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Toward the right side; dextrally.</def>

<h1>Dextral</h1>
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<hw>Dex"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Dexter</er>.]</ety> <def>Right, as opposed to <i>sinistral</i>, or <i>left</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Dextral shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a spiral shell the whorls of which turn from left right, or like the hands of a watch when the apex of the spire is toward the eye of the observer.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dextrality</h1>
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<hw>Dex*tral"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being on the right-hand side; also, the quality of being right-handed; right-handedness.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Dextrally</h1>
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<hw>Dex"tral*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>(<?/), <i>adv</i>. Towards the right; <as>as, the hands of a watch rotate <ex>dextrally</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Dextrer</h1>
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<hw>Dex*trer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A war horse; a destrer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "By him baiteth his <i>dextrer</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dextrin</h1>
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<hw>Dex"trin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dextrine</ets>, G. <ets>dextrin</ets>. See <er>Dexter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A translucent, gummy, amorphous substance, nearly tasteless and odorless, used as a substitute for gum, for sizing, etc., and obtained from starch by the action of heat, acids, or diastase. It is of somewhat variable composition, containing several carbohydrates which change easily to their respective varieties of sugar. It is so named from its rotating the plane of polarization to the right; -- called also <altname>British gum</altname>, <altname>Alsace gum</altname>, <altname>gommelin</altname>, <altname>leiocome</altname>, etc. See <er>Achro\'94dextrin</er>, and <er>Erythrodextrin</er>.</def>

<h1>Dextro-</h1>
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<hw>Dex"tro-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A prefix, from L. <i>dexter</i>, meaning, pertaining to, or toward, the <i>right</i></def>; <fld>(Chem. & Opt.)</fld> <def>having the property of turning the plane of polarized light to the <i>right</i>; <as>as, <ex>dextro</ex>tartaric acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Dextrogerous</h1>
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<hw>Dex*trog"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physics & Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dextrogyrate</er>.</def>

<h1>Dextroglucose</h1>
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<hw>Dex`tro*glu"cose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dextro-</ets> + <ets>glucose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Dextrose</er>.</def>

<h1>Dextrogyrate</h1>
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<hw>Dex`tro*gy"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dextro-</ets> + <ets>gyrate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem. & Opt.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Dextrorotatory</er>.</def>

<h1>Dextronic</h1>
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<hw>Dex*tron"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, dextrose; <as>as, <ex>dextronic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Dextronic acid</col>, <cd>a sirupy substance obtained by the partial oxidation of various carbohydrates, as dextrose, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dextrorotary</h1>
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<hw>Dex`tro*ro"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physics & Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dextrotatory</er>.</def>

<h1>Dextrorotatory</h1>
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<hw>Dex`tro*ro"ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dextro-</ets> + <ets>rotatory</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem. & Opt.)</fld> <def>Turning, or causing to turn, toward the right hand; esp., turning the plane of polarization of luminous rays toward the right hand; <as>as, <ex>dextrorotatory</ex> crystals, sugars, etc.</as>  Cf. <er>Levorotatory</er>.</def>

<h1>Dextrorsal, Dextrorse</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dex*tror"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dex"trorse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dextrorsum</ets>, contr. fr. <ets>dextrovorsum</ets>, <ets>dextroversum</ets>, toward the right side; <ets>dexter</ets> right + <ets>versus</ets>, <ets>vorsus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>vertere</ets>, <ets>vortere</ets>, to turn.]</ety> <def>Turning from the left to the right, in the ascending line, as in the spiral inclination of the stem of the common morning-gl\'a2ry.</def>

<note>&hand; At present scientists predicate dextrorse or sinistrorse quality of the plant regarded objectively; formerly the plant was regarded subjectively, and what is now called dextrorse was then considered sinistrorse.</note>

<h1>Dextrose</h1>
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<hw>Dex"trose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dexter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A sirupy, or white crystalline, variety of sugar, <chform>C6H12O6</chform> (so called from turning the plane of polarization to the right), occurring in many ripe fruits. Dextrose and levulose are obtained by the inversion of cane sugar or sucrose, and hence called <i>invert sugar</i>. Dextrose is chiefly obtained by the action of heat and acids on starch, and hence called also <altname>starch sugar</altname>. It is also formed from starchy food by the action of the amylolytic ferments of saliva and pancreatic juice.</def><-- called also glucose. -->

<note>&hand; The solid products are known to the trade as <i>grape sugar</i>; the sirupy products as <i>glucose</i>, or <i>mixing sirup</i>. These are harmless, but are only about half as sweet as cane or sucrose.</note>

<mhw><h1>Dextrous, a., Dextrously, adv., Dextrousness</h1>
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<hw>Dex"trous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>Dex"trous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt>, <hw>Dex"trous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt></mhw> <def>Same as <er>Dexterous</er>, <er>Dexterously</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Dey</h1>
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<hw>Dey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dairy</er>.]</ety> <def>A servant who has charge of the dairy; a dairymaid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dey</h1>
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<hw>Dey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Deys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Turk. <ets>d\'bei</ets>, orig., a maternal uncle, then a friendly title formerly given to middle-aged or old people, especially among the Janizaries; and hence, in Algiers, consecrated at length to the commanding officer of that corps, who frequently became afterward pasha or regent of that province; hence the European misnomer of <ets>dey</ets>, as applied to the latter: cf. F. <ets>dey</ets>.]</ety> <def>The governor of Algiers; -- so called before the French conquest in 1830.</def>

<h1>Deye</h1>
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<hw>Deye</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To die.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Deynte, Deyntee</h1>
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<hw><hw>Deyn"te</hw>, <hw>Deyn"tee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <def>See <er>Dainty</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dezincification</h1>
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<hw>De*zinc`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of freeing from zinc; also, the condition resulting from the removal of zinc.</def>

<h1>Dezincify</h1>
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<hw>De*zinc"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>de-</ets> + <ets>zinc + -fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To deprive of, or free from, zinc.</def>

<h1>Dhole</h1>
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<hw>Dhole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fierce, wild dog (<spn>Canis Dukhunensis</spn>), found in the mountains of India. It is remarkable for its propensity to hunt the tiger and other wild animals in packs.</def>

<h1>Dhony</h1>
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<hw>Dho"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Ceylonese boat. See <er>Doni</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="405">
Page 405<p>

<h1>Dhoorra, Dhourra, &or; Dhurra</h1>
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<hw>Dhoor"ra</hw>, <hw>Dhour"ra</hw>, &or; <hw>Dhur"ra</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Indian millet. See <er>Durra</er>.</def>

<h1>Dhow</h1>
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<hw>Dhow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>d\'beo</ets>?]</ety> <def>A coasting vessel of Arabia, East Africa, and the Indian Ocean. It has generally but one mast and a lateen sail.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>dow</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Di-</h1>
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<hw>Di-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ twice; akin to <?/ two, L. <ets>bis</ets> twice. See <er>Two</er>, and cf. <er>Bi-</er>, <er>Dia-</er>. The L. pref. <ets>dis-</ets> sometimes assumes the form <ets>di</ets>-. See <er>Dis-</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix, signifying <i>twofold</i>, <i>double</i>, <i>twice</i></def>; <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>denoting <i>two</i> atoms, radicals, groups, or equivalents, as the case may be. See <er>Bi-</er>, <p><b>2.</b></def>

<h1>Dia-, Di-</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di"a-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di-</hw><hw>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ through; orig., dividing into two parts; akin to <?/ two. See <er>Two</er>, and cf. 1st <er>Di-</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix denoting <i>through</i>; also, <i>between</i>, <i>apart</i>, <i>asunder</i>, <i>across</i>. Before a vowel <i>dia</i>- becomes <i>di</i>-; <as>as, <ex>di</ex>actinic; <ex>di</ex>electric, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Diabase</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*base</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>diabase</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a crossing or passing over, fr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ to go; -- so called by Brongniart, because it passes over to diorite.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A basic, dark-colored, holocrystalline, igneous rock, consisting essentially of a triclinic feldspar and pyroxene with magnetic iron; -- often limited to rocks pretertiary in age. It includes part of what was early called <i>greenstone</i>.</def>

<h1>Diabaterial</h1>
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<hw>Di*ab`a*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ <?/ (sc. <?/) offerings before crossing the border, fr. <?/ to pass over. See <er>Diabase</er>.]</ety> <def>Passing over the borders.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Diabetes</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*be"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to pass or cross over. See <er>Diabase</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease which is attended with a persistent, excessive discharge of urine. Most frequently the urine is not only increased in quantity, but contains saccharine matter, in which case the disease is generally fatal.</def>

<cs><col>Diabetes mellitus</col> <ety>[NL., sweet diabetes]</ety>, <cd>that form of diabetes in which the urine contains saccharine matter.</cd> -- <col>\'dhDiabetes insipidus</col> <ety>[NL., lit., diabetes]</ety>, <cd>the form of diabetes in which the urine contains no abnormal constituent.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diabetic, Diabetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di`a*bet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di`a*bet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to diabetes; <as>as, <ex>diabetic</ex> or <ex>diabetical</ex> treatment</as>.</def>

<i>Quian.</i>

<cs><col>Diabetic sugar</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Dextrose</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diablerie, Diabley</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dia`ble*rie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di*ab"le*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>diablerie</ets>, fr. <ets>diable</ets> devil, L. <ets>diabolus</ets>. See <er>Devil</er>.]</ety> <def>Devilry; sorcery or incantation; a diabolical deed; mischief.</def>

<h1>Diabolic, Diabolical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di`a*bol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di`a*bol"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diabolicus</ets>, Gr. <?/ devilish, slanderous: cf. F. <ets>diabolique</ets>. See <er>Devil</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the devil; resembling, or appropriate, or appropriate to, the devil; devilish; infernal; impious; atrocious; nefarious; outrageously wicked; <as>as, a <ex>diabolic</ex> or <ex>diabolical</ex> temper or act</as>.</def> "<i>Diabolic</i> power." <i>Milton</i>. "The <i>diabolical</i> institution." <i>Motley</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Di`a*bol"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Di`a*bol"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Diabolify</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*bol"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diabolus</ets> devil + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To ascribed diabolical qualities to; to change into, or to represent as, a devil.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Farindon.</i>

<h1>Diabolism</h1>
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<hw>Di*ab"o*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Character, action, or principles appropriate to the devil.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Possession by the devil.</def>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Diabolize</h1>
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<hw>Di*ab"o*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render diabolical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Diacatholicon</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*ca*thol"i*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dia-</ets> + <ets>catholicon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A universal remedy; -- name formerly to a purgative electuary.</def>

<h1>Diacaustic</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*caus"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dia-</ets> + <ets>caustic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or possessing the properties of, a species of caustic curves formed by refraction. See <cref>Caustic surface</cref>, under <er>Caustic</er>.</def>

<h1>Diacaustic</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di`a*caus"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>That which burns by refraction, as a double convex lens, or the sun's rays concentrated by such a lens, sometimes used as a cautery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A curved formed by the consecutive intersections of rays of light refracted through a lens.</def>

<h1>Diachylon, Diachylum</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di*ach"y*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di*ach"y*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>diachylum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ very juicy; <?/ thoroughly + <?/ juice.]</ety> <fld>(Med. & Chem.)</fld> <def>A plaster originally composed of the juices of several plants (whence its name), but now made of an oxide of lead and oil, and consisting essentially of glycerin mixed with lead salts of the fat acids.</def>

<h1>Diacid</h1>
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<hw>Di*ac"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>acid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Divalent; -- said of a base or radical as capable of saturating two acid monad radicals or a dibasic acid. Cf. <er>Dibasic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Biacid</er>.</def>

<h1>Diacodium</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*co"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/ <?/ from poppy heads; <?/ through, from + <?/ head, a poppy head.]</ety> <def>A sirup made of poppies.</def>

<h1>Diaconal</h1>
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<hw>Di*ac"o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>diaconalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>diaconal</ets>. Cf. <er>Deacon</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a deacon.</def>

<h1>Diaconate</h1>
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<hw>Di*ac"o*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diaconatus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>diaconat</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office of a deacon; deaconship; also, a body or board of deacons.</def>

<h1>Diaconate</h1>
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<hw>Di*ac"o*nate</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Governed by deacons.</def> "<i>Diaconate</i> church."

<i>T. Goodwin.</i>

<h1>Diacope</h1>
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<hw>Di*ac"o*pe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a cutting in two; <?/ through + <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Tmesis.</def>

<h1>Diacoustic</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*cous"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>acoustic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the science or doctrine of refracted sounds.</def>

<h1>Diacoustics</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*cous"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>diacoustique</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of natural philosophy which treats of the properties of sound as affected by passing through different mediums; -- called also <altname>diaphonics</altname>. See the Note under <er>Acoustics</er>.</def>

<h1>Diacritic, Diacritical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di`a*crit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di`a*crit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to separate, distinguish; <?/ through + <?/ to separate. See <er>Critic</er>.]</ety> <def>That separates or distinguishes; -- applied to points or marks used to distinguish letters of similar form, or different sounds of the same letter, as, \'be, &acr;, \'84, &omac;, &ocr;, etc.</def> "<i>Diacritical</i> points."

<i>Sir W. Jones.</i>

<blockquote>A glance at this typography will reveal great difficulties, which <b>diacritical</b> marks necessarily throw in the way of both printer and writer.
<i>A. J. Ellis.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diactinic</h1>
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<hw>Di`ac*tin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>actinic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Capable of transmitting the chemical or actinic rays of light; <as>as, <ex>diactinic</ex> media</as>.</def>

<h1>Diadelphia</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*del"phi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl</plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ brother.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an class of plants whose stamens are united into two bodies or bundles by their filaments.</def>

<h1>Diadelphian, Diadelphous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di`a*del"phi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di`a*del"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>diadelphe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the class Diadelphia; having the stamens united into two bodies by their filaments (said of a plant or flower); grouped into two bundles or sets by coalescence of the filaments (said of stamens).</def>

<h1>Diadem</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*dem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>diad\'8ame</ets>, L. <ets>diadema</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to bind round; <?/ through, across + <?/ to bind; cf. Skr. <ets>d\'be</ets> to bind.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, an ornamental head band or fillet, worn by Eastern monarchs as a badge of royalty; hence (later), also, a crown, in general.</def> "The regal <i>diadem</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Regal power; sovereignty; empire; -- considered as symbolized by the crown.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>An arch rising from the rim of a crown (rarely also of a coronet), and uniting with others over its center.</def>

<cs><col>Diadem lemur</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Indri</er>.</cd> -- <col>Diadem spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the garden spider.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diadem</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*dem</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To adorn with a diadem; to crown.</def>

<blockquote>Not so, when <b>diadem'd</b> with rays divine.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To terminate the evil,
To <b>diadem</b> the right.
<i>R. H. Neale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diadrom</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di"a*drom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a running through; <?/ through + <?/, used as inf. aor. of <?/ to run.]</ety> <def>A complete course or vibration; time of vibration, as of a pendulum.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Di\'91resis, Dieresis</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di*\'91r"e*sis</hw>, <hw>Di*er"e*sis</hw><hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Di\'91reses</plw> &or; <plw>Diereses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>diaeresis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to divide; <?/ through, asunder + <?/ to take. See <er>Heresy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The separation or resolution of one syllable into two; -- the opposite of <i>syn\'91resis</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mark consisting of two dots [&umlaut;], placed over the second of two adjacent vowels, to denote that they are to be pronounced as distinct letters; <as>as, <ex>co\'94perate</ex>, <ex>a\'89rial</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Di\'91retic</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di`\'91*ret"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ dividing.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Caustic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Diageotropic</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di`a*ge`o*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ through, at variance + <?/ earth + <?/ turning.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or exhibiting, diageotropism.</def>

<h1>Diageotropism</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di`a*ge*ot"ro*pism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The tendency of organs (as roots) of plants to assume a position oblique or transverse to a direction towards the center of the earth.</def>

<h1>Diaglyph</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di"a*glyph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to engrave; <?/ through + <?/ to carve.]</ety> <def>An intaglio.</def>

<i>Mollett.</i>

<h1>Diaglyphic, Diaglyphtic</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw><hw>Di`a*glyph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di`a*glyph"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Represented or formed by depressions in the general surface; <as>as, <ex>diaglyphic</ex> sculpture or engraving</as>; -- opposed to <contr>anaglyphic</contr>.</def>

<h1>Diagnose</h1>
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<hw>Di`ag*nose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To ascertain by diagnosis; to diagnosticate. See <er>Diagnosticate</er>.</def>

<h1>Diagnosis</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di`ag*no"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Diagnoses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to distinguish; <?/ through, asunder + <?/ to know. See <er>Know</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The art or act of recognizing the presence of disease from its signs or symptoms, and deciding as to its character; also, the decision arrived at.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Scientific determination of any kind; the concise description of characterization of a species.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Critical perception or scrutiny; judgment based on such scrutiny; esp., perception pf, or judgment concerning, motives and character.</def>

<blockquote>The quick eye for effects, the clear <b>diagnosis</b> of men's minds, and the love of epigram.
<i>Compton Reade.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My <b>diagnosis</b> of his character proved correct.
<i>J. Payn.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Differential diagnosis</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the determination of the distinguishing characteristics as between two similar diseases or conditions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diagnostic</h1>
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<hw>Di`ag*nos"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ able to distinguish, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>diagnostique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or furnishing, a diagnosis; indicating the nature of a disease.</def>

<h1>Diagnostic</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di`ag*nos"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The mark or symptom by which one disease is known or distinguished from others.</def>

<h1>Diagnosticate</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di`ag*nos"ti*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Diagnostic</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a diagnosis of; to recognize by its symptoms, as a disease.</def>

<h1>Diagnostics</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di`ag*nos"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That part of medicine which has to do with ascertaining the nature of diseases by means of their symptoms or signs.</def>

<blockquote>His rare skill in <b>diagnostics</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diagometer</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*gom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to transmit + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sort of electroscope, invented by Rousseau, in which the dry pile is employed to measure the amount of electricity transmitted by different bodies, or to determine their conducting power.</def>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<h1>Diagonal</h1>
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<hw>Di*ag"o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diagonalis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ from to angle; <?/ through + <?/ an angle; perh. akin to E. <ets>knee</ets>: cf. F. <ets>diagonal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Joining two not adjacent angles of a quadrilateral or multilateral figure; running across from corner to corner; crossing at an angle with one of the sides.</def>

<cs><col>Diagonal bond</col> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>herringbone work. See <er>Herringbone</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>Diagonal built</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>built by forming the outer skin of two layers of planking, making angles of about 45&deg; with the keel, in opposite directions.</cd> -- <col>Diagonal cleavage</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cleavage</er>.</cd> -- <col>Diagonal molding</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a chevron or zigzag molding.</cd> -- <col>Diagonal rib</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Cross-springer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Diagonal scale</col>, <cd>a scale which consists of a set of parallel lines, with other lines crossing them obliquely, so that their intersections furnish smaller subdivisions of the unit of measure than could be conveniently marked on a plain scale.</cd> -- <col>Diagonal stratification</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>Same as <i>Cross bedding<i>, under <er>Cross</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Diagonal</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di*ag"o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A right line drawn from one angle to another not adjacent, of a figure of four or more sides, and dividing it into two parts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>A member, in a framed structure, running obliquely across a panel.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A diagonal cloth; a kind of cloth having diagonal stripes, ridges, or welts made in the weaving.</def>

<h1>Diagonally</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di*ag"o*nal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a diagonal direction.</def>

<h1>Diagonial</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di`a*go"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Diagonal; diametrical; hence; diametrically opposed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sin can have no tenure by law at all, but is rather an eternal outlaw, and in hostility with law past all atonement; both <b>diagonal</b> contraries, as much allowing one another as day and night together in one hemisphere.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diagram</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di"a*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to mark out by lines; <?/ through + <?/ to draw, write: cf. F. <ets>diagramme</ets>. See <er>Graphic</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A figure or drawing made to illustrate a statement, or facilitate a demonstration; a plan.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any simple drawing made for mathematical or scientific purposes, or to assist a verbal explanation which refers to it; a mechanical drawing, as distinguished from an artistical one.</def>

<cs><col>Indicator diagram</col>. <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Indicator card</cref>, under <er>indicator</er></cd></cs>

<h1>Diagram</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di"a*gram</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put into the form of a diagram.</def>

<h1>Diagrammatic</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di`a*gram*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a diagram; showing by diagram.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Di`a*gram*mat"ic*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Diagraph</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di"a*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to draw: cf. F. <ets>diagraphe</ets>. See <er>Diagram</er>.]</ety> <def>A drawing instrument, combining a protractor and scale.</def>

<h1>Diagraphic, Diagraphical</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw><hw>Di`a*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di`a*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>diagraphique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Descriptive.</def>

<h1>Diagraphics</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di`a*graph"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or science of descriptive drawing; especially, the art or science of drawing by mechanical appliances and mathematical rule.</def>

<h1>Diaheliotropic</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di`a*he`li*o*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/  through, at variance + <?/ sun + <?/ turning.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Relating or, or manifesting, diaheliotropism.</def>

<h1>Diaheliotropism</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di`a*he`li*ot"ro*pism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tendency of leaves or other organs of plants to have their dorsal surface faced towards the rays of light.</def>

<h1>Dial</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.  <ets>dialis</ets> daily, fr. L. <ets>dies</ets> day. See <er>Deity</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument, formerly much used for showing the time of day from the shadow of a style or gnomon on a graduated arc or surface; esp., a sundial; but there are lunar and astral <i>dials</i>. The style or gnomon is usually parallel to the earth's axis, but the dial plate may be either horizontal or vertical.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The graduated face of a timepiece, on which the time of day is shown by pointers or hands.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A miner's compass.</def>

<cs><col>Dial bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Indian bird (<spn>Copsychus saularius</spn>), allied to the European robin. The name is also given to other related species.</cd> -- <col>Dial lock</col>, <cd>a lock provided with one or more plates having numbers or letters upon them. These plates must be adjusted in a certain determined way before the lock can be operated.</cd> -- <col>Dial plate</col>, <cd>the plane or disk of a dial or timepiece on which lines and figures for indicating the time are placed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dial</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di"al</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dialed</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Dialled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dialing</er> or <er>Dialling</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To measure with a dial.</def>

<blockquote>Hours of that true time which is <b>dialed</b> in heaven.
<i>Talfourd.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To survey with a dial.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Dialect</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di"a*lect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>dialecte</ets>, L. <ets>dialectus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to converse, discourse. See <er>Dialogue</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Means or mode of expressing thoughts; language; tongue; form of speech.</def>

<blockquote>This book is writ in such a <b>dialect</b>
As may the minds of listless men affect.
<b>Bunyan</b>.
The universal <b>dialect</b> of the world.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The form of speech of a limited region or people, as distinguished from ether forms nearly related to it; a variety or subdivision of a language; speech characterized by local peculiarities or specific circumstances; <as>as, the Ionic and Attic were <ex>dialects</ex> of Greece; the Yorkshire <ex>dialect</ex>; the <ex>dialect</ex> of the learned.</as></def>

<blockquote>In the midst of this Babel of <b>dialects</b> there suddenly appeared a standard English language.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[Charles V.] could address his subjects from every quarter in their native <b>dialect</b>.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Language; idiom; tongue; speech; phraseology. See <er>Language</er>, and <er>Idiom</er>.</syn>

<h1>Dialectal</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di`a*lec"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to a dialect; dialectical; <as>as, a <ex>dialectical</ex> variant</as>.</def>

<h1>Dialectic</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw>Di`a*lec"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Dialectics</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Plato placed his <b>dialectic</b> above all sciences.
<i>Liddell & Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dialectic, Dialectical</h1>
<Xpage=405>

<hw><hw>Di`a*lec"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di`a*lec"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dialecticus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>dialectique</ets>. See <er>Dialect</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to dialectics; logical; argumental.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to a dialect or to dialects.</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<hr>
<page="406">
Page 406<p>

<h1>Dialectically</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di`a*lec"tic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dialectical manner.</def>

<h1>Dialectician</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di`a*lec*ti"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dialecticien</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in dialectics; a logician; a reasoner.</def>

<h1>Dialectics</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di`a*lec"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dialectica</ets> (sc. <ets>ars</ets>), Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/): cf. F. <ets>dialectique</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of logic which teaches the rules and modes of reasoning; the application of logical principles to discursive reasoning; the science or art of discriminating truth from error; logical discussion.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Dialectics</i> was defined by Aristotle to be the method of arguing with probability on any given problem, and of defending a tenet without inconsistency. By Plato, it was used in the following senses: <p><b>1.</b> Discussion by dialogue as a method of scientific investigation. <p><b>2.</b> The method of investigating the truth by analysis. <p><b>3.</b> The science of ideas or of the nature and laws of being -- higher metaphysics. By Kant, it was employed to signify the logic of appearances or illusions, whether these arise from accident or error, or from those necessary limitations which, according to this philosopher, originate in the constitution of the human intellect.</note>

<h1>Dialectology</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di`a*lec*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dialect</ets>  + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of philology which is devoted to the consideration of dialects.</def>

<i>Beck.</i>

<h1>Dialector</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di`a*lec"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in dialectics.</def>

<h1>Dialing</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di"al*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of constructing dials; the science which treats of measuring time by dials.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dialling</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A method of surveying, especially in mines, in which the bearings of the courses, or the angles which they make with each other, are determined by means of the circumferentor.</def>

<h1>Dialist</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di"al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A maker of dials; one skilled in dialing.</def>

<h1>Diallage</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di*al"la*ge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ interchange, change, fr. <?/ to interchange.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which arguments are placed in various points of view, and then turned to one point.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Diallage</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di"al*lage</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ change, alluding to the change and inequality of luster between the natural joints of the mineral.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A dark green or bronze-colored laminated variety of pyroxene, common in certain igneous rocks.</def>

<h1>Diallel</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di"al*lel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ crossing.]</ety> <def>Meeting and intersecting, as lines; not parallel; -- opposed to <i>parallel</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Diallyl</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di*al"lyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A volatile, pungent, liquid hydrocarbon, <chform>C6H10</chform>, consisting of two allyl radicals, and belonging to the acetylene series.</def>

<h1>Dialogical</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di`a*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ belonging to discourse.]</ety> <def>Relating to a dialogue; dialogistical.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Dialogically</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di`a*log"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner or nature of a dialogue.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Dialogism</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di*al"o*gism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>dialogisme</ets>. See <er>Dialogue</er>.]</ety> <def>An imaginary speech or discussion between two or more; dialogue.</def>

<i>Fulke.</i>

<h1>Dialogist</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di*al"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dialogista</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dialogiste</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A speaker in a dialogue.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A writer of dialogues.</def>

<i>P. Skelton.</i>

<h1>Dialogistic, Dialogistical</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw><hw>Di*al`o*gis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di*al`o*gis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a dialogue; having the form or nature of a dialogue.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Di*al`o*gis"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dialogite</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di*al"o*gite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ an arguing.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native carbonate of manganese; rhodochrosite.</def>

<h1>Dialogize</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di*al"o*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>dialogiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To discourse in dialogue.</def>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Dialogue</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di"a*logue</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dialogue</ets>, L. <ets>dialogus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to converse, <?/ through + <?/ to speak: cf. F. <ets>dialogue</ets>. See <er>Legend</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A conversation between two or more persons; particularly, a formal conservation in theatrical performances or in scholastic exercises.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A written composition in which two or more persons are represented as conversing or reasoning on some topic; <as>as, the <ex>Dialogues</ex> of Plato</as>.</def>

<h1>Dialogue</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di"a*logue</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dialoguer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To take part in a dialogue; to dialogize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dialogue</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di"a*logue</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To express as in dialogue.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>And <b>dialogued</b> for him what he would say.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dialypetalous</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di`al*y*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ through, asunder + <?/ to loose + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having separate petals; polypetalous.</def>

<h1>Dialysis</h1>
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<hw>Di*al"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dialyses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., separation, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to part asunder, dissolve; <?/ through + <?/ to loose.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Di\'91resis. See <er>Di\'91resis</er>, <p><b>1.</b></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Asyndeton</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Debility</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A solution of continuity; division; separation of parts.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The separation of different substances in solution, as crystalloids and colloids, by means of their unequal diffusion, especially through natural or artificial membranes.</def>

<h1>Dialytic</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*lyt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/. See <er>Dialysis</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of unloosing or separating.</def>

<i>Clarke.</i>

<cs><col>Dialytic telescope</col>, <cd>an achromatic telescope in which the colored dispersion produced by a single object lens of crown glass is corrected by a smaller concave lens, or combination of lenses, of high dispersive power, placed at a distance in the narrower part of the converging cone of rays, usually near the middle of the tube.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dialyzate</h1>
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<hw>Di*al"y*zate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The material subjected to dialysis.</def>

<h1>Dialyzation</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*ly*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process of dialysis.</def>

<h1>Dialyze</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*lyze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dialyzed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dialyzing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To separate, prepare, or obtain, by dialysis or osmose; to pass through an animal membrane; to subject to dialysis.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dialyse</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Dialyzed</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*lyzed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Prepared by diffusion through an animal membrane; <as>as, <ex>dialyzed</ex> iron</as>.</def>

<h1>Dialyzer</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*ly`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The instrument or medium used to effect chemical dialysis.</def>

<h1>Diamagnet</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*mag"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dia-</ets> + <ets>magnet</ets>.]</ety> <def>A body having diamagnetic polarity.</def>

<h1>Diamagnetic</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*mag*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or exhibiting the phenomena of, diamagnetism; taking, or being of a nature to take, a position at right angles to the lines of magnetic force. See <er>Paramagnetic</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Diamagnetic attraction</col>. <cd>See under <er>Attraction</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diamagnetic</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*mag*net"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any substance, as bismuth, glass, phosphorous, etc., which in a field of magnetic force is differently affected from the ordinary magnetic bodies, as iron; that is, which tends to take a position at right angles to the lines of magnetic force, and is repelled by either pole of the magnet.</def>

<h1>Diamagnetically</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*mag*net"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of, or according to, diamagnetism.</def>

<h1>Diamagnetism</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*mag"net*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The science which treats of diamagnetic phenomena, and of the properties of diamagnetic bodies.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That form or condition of magnetic action which characterizes diamagnetics.</def>

<h1>Diamantiferous</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*man*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>diamant</ets> diamond + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Yielding diamonds.</def>

<h1>Diamantine</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*man"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adamantine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Diameter</h1>
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<hw>Di*am"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>diam\'8atre</ets>, L. <ets>diametros</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ through + <?/ measure. See <er>Meter</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any right line passing through the center of a figure or body, as a circle, conic section, sphere, cube, etc., and terminated by the opposite boundaries; a straight line which bisects a system of parallel chords drawn in a curve.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A diametral plane.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The length of a straight line through the center of an object from side to side; width; thickness; <as>as, the <ex>diameter</ex> of a tree or rock</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; In an elongated object the diameter is usually taken at right angles to the longer axis.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The distance through the lower part of the shaft of a column, used as a standard measure for all parts of the order. See <er>Module</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Conjugate diameters</col>. <cd>See under <er>Conjugate</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diametral</h1>
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<hw>Di*am"e*tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. F. <ets>diam\'82tral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a diameter; diametrical.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Diametral curve</col>, <col>Diametral surface</col></mcol> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>any line or surface which bisects a system of parallel chords drawn in a curve or surface.</cd> -- <col>Diametral planes</col> <fld>(Crystal.)</fld>, <cd>planes in which two of the axes lie.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diametral</h1>
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<hw>Di*am"e*tral</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A diameter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Diametrally</h1>
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<hw>Di*am"e*tral*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Diametrically.</def>

<h1>Diametric, Diametrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di*am"e*tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di*am"e*tric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a diameter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>As remote as possible, as if at the opposite end of a diameter; directly adverse.</def>

<h1>Diametrically</h1>
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<hw>Di*am"e*tric*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a diametrical manner; directly; <as>as, <ex>diametrically</ex> opposite</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whose principles were <b>diametrically</b> opposed to his.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diamide</h1>
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<hw>Di*am"ide</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any compound containing two amido groups united with one or more acid or negative radicals, -- as distinguished from a diamine. Cf. <i>Amido acid</i>, under <er>Amido</er>, and <i>Acid amide</i>, under <er>Amide</er>.</def>

<h1>Diamido-</h1>
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<hw>Di*am"i*do-</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A prefix or combining form of <er>Diamine</er>. <note>[Also used adjectively.]</note></def>

<h1>Diamine</h1>
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<hw>Di*am"ine</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>amine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound containing two amido groups united with one or more basic or positive radicals, -- as contrasted with a <i>diamide</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; In chemical nomenclature, if any amine or diamine is named by prefixing the nitrogen group, the name of the latter takes the form of <i>amido</i>, <i>diamido</i>, etc., thus <i>ethylene diamine</i>, <chform>C2H4.(NH2)2</chform>, is also called <i>diamido-ethylene</i>.</note>

<h1>Diamond</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*mond</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>diamaund</ets>, <ets>diamaunt</ets>, F. <ets>diamant</ets>, corrupted, fr. L. <ets>adamas</ets>, the hardest iron, steel, diamond, Gr. <?/. Perh. the corruption is due to the influence of Gr. <?/ transparent. See <er>Adamant</er>, <er>Tame</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A precious stone or gem excelling in brilliancy and beautiful play of prismatic colors, and remarkable for extreme hardness.</def>

<note>&hand; The diamond is native carbon in isometric crystals, often octahedrons with rounded edges. It is usually colorless, but some are yellow, green, blue, and even black. It is the hardest substance known. The diamond as found in nature (called a <i>rough diamond</i>) is cut, for use in jewelry, into various forms with many reflecting faces, or facets, by which its brilliancy is much increased. See <er>Brilliant</er>, <er>Rose</er>. Diamonds are said to be of the <i>first water</i> when very transparent, and of the <i>second</i> or <i>third water</i> as the transparency decreases.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A geometrical figure, consisting of four equal straight lines, and having two of the interior angles acute and two obtuse; a rhombus; a lozenge.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of a suit of playing cards, stamped with the figure of a diamond.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A pointed projection, like a four-sided pyramid, used for ornament in lines or groups.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>The infield; the square space, 90 feet on a side, having the bases at its angles.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The smallest kind of type in English printing, except that called <i>brilliant</i>, which is seldom seen.</def>

<note> \'b5 This line is printed in the type called <er>Diamond</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Black diamond</col>, <cd>coal; <fld>(Min.)</fld> See <er>Carbonado</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bristol diamond</col>. <cd>See <cref>Bristol stone</cref>, under <er>Bristol</er>.</cd> -- <col>Diamond beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large South American weevil (<spn>Entimus imperialis</spn>), remarkable for its splendid luster and colors, due to minute brilliant scales.</cd> -- <col>Diamond bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small Australian bird (<spn>Pardalotus punctatus</spn>, family <spn>Ampelid\'91</spn>.). It is black, with white spots.</cd> -- <col>Diamond drill</col> <fld>(Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a rod or tube the end of which is set with black diamonds; -- used for perforating hard substances, esp. for boring in rock.</cd> -- <col>Diamond finch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small Australian sparrow, often kept in a cage. Its sides are black, with conspicuous white spots, and the rump is bright carmine.</cd> -- <col>Diamond groove</col> <fld>(Iron Working)</fld>, <cd>a groove of V-section in a roll.</cd> -- <col>Diamond mortar</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a small steel mortar used for pulverizing hard substances.</cd> -- <col>Diamond-point tool</col>, <cd>a cutting tool whose point is diamond-shaped.</cd> -- <col>Diamond snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a harmless snake of Australia (<spn>Morelia spilotes</spn>); the carpet snake.</cd> -- <col>Glazier's diamond</col>, <cd>a small diamond set in a glazier's tool, for cutting glass.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diamond</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*mond</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a diamond; made of, or abounding in, diamonds; <as>as, a <ex>diamond</ex> chain; a <ex>diamond</ex> field.</as></def>

<h1>Diamond-back</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*mond-back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The salt-marsh terrapin of the Atlantic coast (<spn>Malacoclemmys palustris</spn>).</def>

<h1>Diamonded</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*mond*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having figures like a diamond or lozenge.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Adorned with diamonds; diamondized.</def>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Diamondize</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*mond*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To set with diamonds; to adorn; to enrich.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Diamondizing</b> of your subject.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diamond-shaped</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*mond-shaped`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shaped like a diamond or rhombus.</def>

<h1>Diamylene</h1>
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<hw>Di*am"y*lene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>amylene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid hydrocarbon, <chform>C10H20</chform>, of the ethylene series, regarded as a polymeric form of amylene.</def>

<h1>Dian</h1>
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<hw>Di"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt><def>, Diana.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<h1>Diana</h1>
<Xpage=406>

<hw>Di*a"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Diana</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>The daughter of Jupiter and Latona; a virgin goddess who presided over hunting, chastity, and marriage; -- identified with the Greek goddess <i>Artemis</i>.</def>

<blockquote>And chaste <b>Diana</b> haunts the forest shade.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Diana monkey</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a handsome, white-bearded monkey of West Africa (<spn>Cercopithecus Diana</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Diandria</h1>
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<hw>Di*an"dri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/, <?/, a man, a male.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an class of plants having two stamens.</def>

<h1>Diandrian</h1>
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<hw>Di*an"dri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Diandrous.</def>

<h1>Diandrous</h1>
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<hw>Di*an"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>diandre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the class Diandria; having two stamens.</def>

<h1>Dianium</h1>
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<hw>Di*a"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>Diana</ets>; either as the name of the Roman goddess, or from its use in OE. as a name of silver.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Columbium</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dianoetic</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*no*et"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ through + <?/ to revolve in the mind.]</ety> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the discursive faculty, its acts or products.</def>

<blockquote>I would employ . . . <b>dianoetic</b> to denote the operation of the discursive, elaborative, or comparative faculty.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dianoialogy</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*noi*al"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thought + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of the dianoetic faculties, and their operations.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Dianthus</h1>
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<hw>Di*an"thus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, gen. <?/, Zeus + <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants containing some of the most popular of cultivated flowers, including the pink, carnation, and Sweet William.</def>

<h1>Diapase</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*pase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Diapason</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A tuneful <b>diapase</b> of pleasures.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diapasm</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*pasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diapasma</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/; <?/ through + <?/ to sprinkle: cf. F. <ets>diapasme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Powdered aromatic herbs, sometimes made into little balls and strung together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Diapason</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*pa"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ (<ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., <?/ <?/ <?/ the concord of the first and last notes, the octave); <?/ through + <?/, gen. pl. of <?/ all: cf. F. <ets>diapason</ets>. Cf. <er>Panacea</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Mus.)</fld> <def>The octave, or interval which includes all the tones of the diatonic scale.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Concord, as of notes an octave apart; harmony.</def>

<blockquote>The fair music that all creatures made . . .
In perfect <b>diapason</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The entire compass of tones.</def>

<blockquote>Through all the compass of the notes it ran,
The <b>diapason</b> closing full in man.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A standard of pitch; a tuning fork; <as>as, the French normal <ex>diapason</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>One of certain stops in the organ, so called because they extend through the scale of the instrument. They are of several kinds, as <i>open diapason</i>, <i>stopped diapason</i>, <i>double diapason</i>, and the like.</def>

<h1>Diapedesis</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*pe*de"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a leaping or oozing through, fr. <?/ to leap through; <?/ through + <?/ to leap.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The passage of the corpuscular elements of the blood from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues, without rupture of the walls of the blood vessels.</def>

<h1>Diapente</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*pen"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a fifth; <?/ through + <?/ five: cf. F. <ets>diapente</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anc. Mus.)</fld> <def>The interval of the fifth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A composition of five ingredients.</def>

<h1>Diaper</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>diaspre</ets>, <ets>diapre</ets>, <ets>diaspe</ets>, sort of figured cloth, It. <ets>diaspro</ets> jasper, <ets>diaspo</ets> figured cloth, from L.<ets>jaspis</ets> a green-colored precious stone. See <er>Jasper</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any textile fabric (esp. linen or cotton toweling) woven in diaper pattern. See 2.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Surface decoration of any sort which consists of the constant repetition of one or more simple figures or units of design evenly spaced.</def>

<hr>
<page="407">
Page 407<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A towel or napkin for wiping the hands, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Let one attend him with a silver basin, . . .
Another bear the ewer, the third a <b>diaper</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An infant's breechcloth.</def>

<h1>Diaper</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To ornament with figures, etc., arranged in the pattern called diaper, as cloth in weaving.</def> "<i>Diapered</i> light."

<i>H. Van Laun.</i>

<blockquote>Engarlanded and <b>diapered</b>
With in wrought flowers.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put a diaper on (a child).</def>

<h1>Diaper</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*per</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To draw flowers or figures, as upon cloth.</def> "If you <i>diaper</i> on folds."

<i>Peacham.</i>

<h1>Diapering</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*per*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Diaper</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <p><b>2.</b></def>

<h1>Diaphane</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*phane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>diaphane</ets> diaphanous. See <er>Diaphanous</er>.]</ety> <def>A woven silk stuff with transparent and colored figures; diaper work.</def>

<h1>Diaphaned</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*phaned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>diaphaner</ets> to make transparent. See <er>Diaphanous</er>.]</ety> <def>Transparent or translucent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Diaphaneity</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*pha*ne"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>diaphan\'82it\'82</ets>. See <er>Diaphanous</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being diaphanous; transparency; pellucidness.</def>

<h1>Diaphanic</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*phan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Diaphanous</er>.]</ety> <def>Having power to transmit light; transparent; diaphanous.</def>

<h1>Diaphanie</h1>
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<hw>Di*aph"a*nie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of imitating <?/<?/ined glass with translucent paper.</def>

<h1>Diaphanometer</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*pha*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ transparent + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the transparency of the air.</def>

<h1>Diaphanoscope</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*phan"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ transparent + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A dark box constructed for viewing transparent pictures, with or without a lens.</def>

<h1>Diaphanotype</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*phan"o*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ transparent + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A colored photograph produced by superimposing a translucent colored positive over a strong uncolored one.</def>

<h1>Diaphanous</h1>
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<hw>Di*aph"a*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to show or shine through; <?/ through + <?/ to show, and in the passive, to shine: cf. F. <ets>diaphane</ets>. See <er>Phantom</er>, and cf. <er>Diaphane</er>, <er>Diaphanic</er>.]</ety> <def>Allowing light to pass through, as porcelain; translucent or transparent; pellucid; clear.</def>

<blockquote>Another cloud in the region of them, light enough to be fantastic and <b>diaphanous</b>.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diaphanously</h1>
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<hw>Di*aph"a*nous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Translucently.</def>

<h1>Diaphemetric</h1>
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<hw>Di*aph`e*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ through + <?/ touch + <?/ measure.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Relating to the measurement of the tactile sensibility of parts; <as>as, <ex>diaphemetric</ex> compasses</as>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Diaphonic, Diaphonical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di`a*phon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di`a*phon"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ through + <?/ sound, tone.]</ety> <def>Diacoustic.</def>

<h1>Diaphonics</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*phon"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine of refracted sound; diacoustics.</def>

<h1>Diaphoresis</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*pho*re"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to carry through, to throw off by perspiration; <?/ through + <?/ to carry.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Perspiration, or an increase of perspiration.</def>

<h1>Diaphoretic, Diaphoretical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di`a*pho*ret"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di`a*pho*ret"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diaphoreticus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>diaphor\'82tique</ets>. See <er>Diaphoresis</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the power to increase perspiration.</def>

<h1>Diaphoretic</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*pho*ret"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine or agent which promotes perspiration.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Diaphoretics</i> differ from <i>sudorifics</i>; the former only increase the insensible perspiration, the latter excite the sensible discharge called <i>sweat</i>.</note>

<i>Parr.</i>

<h1>Diaphote</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*phote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dia-</ets> + Gr. <?/, light.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>An instrument designed for transmitting pictures by telegraph.</def>

<i>Fallows.</i>

<h1>Diaphragm</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*phragm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diaphragma</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to fence by a partition wall; <?/ through + <?/, <?/, to fence, inclose; prob. akin to L. <ets>fareire</ets> to stuff: cf. F. <ets>diaphragme</ets>. See <er>Farce</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A dividing membrane or thin partition, commonly with an opening through it.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The muscular and tendinous partition separating the cavity of the chest from that of the abdomen; the midriff.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A calcareous plate which divides the cavity of certain shells into two parts.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A plate with an opening, which is generally circular, used in instruments to cut off marginal portions of a beam of light, as at the focus of a telescope.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A partition in any compartment, for various purposes.</def>

<cs><col>Diaphragm pump</col>, <cd>one in which a flexible diaphragm takes the place of a piston.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diaphragmatic</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*phrag*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>diaphragmatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a diaphragm; <as>as, <ex>diaphragmatic</ex> respiration; the <ex>diaphragmatic</ex> arteries and nerves.</as></def>

<h1>Diaphysis</h1>
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<hw>Di*aph"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a growing through; <?/ through + <?/ to bring forth.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An abnormal prolongation of the axis of inflorescence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The shaft, or main part, of a bone, which is first ossified.</def>

<h1>Diapnoic</h1>
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<hw>Di`ap*no"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ outlet for the wind, exhalation, fr. <?/ to blow through; <?/ through + <?/ to blow, breathe: cf. F. <ets>diapno\'8bque</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Slightly increasing an insensible perspiration; mildly diaphoretic.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A gentle diaphoretic.</def></def2>

<h1>Diapophysical</h1>
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<hw>Di*ap`o*phys"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a diapophysis.</def>

<h1>Diapophysis</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*poph"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Dia-</er>, and <er>Apophysis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The dorsal transverse, or tubercular, process of a vertebra. See <er>Vertebra</er>.</def>

<h1>Diarchy</h1>
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<hw>Di"arch*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ to rule.]</ety> <def>A form of government in which the supreme power is vested in two persons.</def>

<h1>Diarial, Diarian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di*a"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di*a"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Diary</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a diary; daily.</def>

<h1>Diarist</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who keeps a diary.</def>

<h1>Diarrhea, Diarrh\'91a</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di`ar*rhe"a</hw>, <hw>Di`ar*rh\'91"a</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diarrhoea</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to flow through; <?/ + <?/ to flow; akin to E. <ets>stream</ets>. See <er>Stream</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbidly frequent and profuse discharge of loose or fluid evacuations from the intestines, without tenesmus; a purging or looseness of the bowels; a flux.</def>

<h1>Diarrheal, Diarrh</al</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di`ar*rhe"al</hw>, <hw>Di`ar*rh<?/"al</hw><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to diarrhea; like diarrhea.</def>

<h1>Diarrhetic, Diarrh\'91tic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di`ar*rhet"ic</hw>, <hw>Di`ar*rh\'91t"ic</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Producing diarrhea, or a purging.</def>

<h1>Diarthrodial</h1>
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<hw>Di`ar*thro"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Relating to diarthrosis, or movable articulations.</def>

<h1>Diarthrosis</h1>
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<hw>Di`ar*thro"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to joint, articulate; <?/ through, asunder + <?/ to fasten by a joint, <?/ joint.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A form of articulation which admits of considerable motion; a complete joint; abarticulation. See <er>Articulation</er>.</def>

<h1>Diary</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Diaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>diarium</ets>, fr. <ets>dies</ets> day. See <er>Deity</er>.]</ety> <def>A register of daily events or transactions; a daily record; a journal; a blank book dated for the record of daily memoranda; <as>as, a <ex>diary</ex> of the weather; a physician's <ex>diary</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Diary</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>lasting for one day; <as>as, a <ex>diary</def></ex> fever</as>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Diary</i> ague."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Diaspore</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*spore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ a scattering; <?/ through, asunder + <?/ to sow, scatter like seed: cf. F. <ets>diaspore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrate of alumina, often occurring in white lamellar masses with brilliant pearly luster; -- so named on account of its decrepitating when heated before the blowpipe.</def>

<h1>Diastase</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*stase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ separation, fr. <?/, <?/ to stand apart; <?/ through + <?/, <?/, to stand, set: cf. F. <ets>diastase</ets>. Cf. <er>Diastasis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A soluble, nitrogenous ferment, capable of converting starch and dextrin into sugar.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is more particularly applied to that ferment formed during the germination of grain, as in the malting of barley; but it is also occasionally used to designate the amylolytic ferment contained in animal fluids, as in the saliva.</note>

<h1>Diastasic</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*sta"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or consisting of, diastase; <as>as, <ex>diastasic</ex> ferment</as>.</def>

<h1>Diastasis</h1>
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<hw>Di*as"ta*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Diastase</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A forcible of bones without fracture.</def>

<h1>Diastatic</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ separative. See <er>Diastase</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Relating to diastase; having the properties of diastase; effecting the conversion of starch into sugar.</def>

<blockquote>The influence of acids and alkalies on the <b>diastatic</b> action of saliva.
<i>Lauder Brunton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diastem</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*stem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diastema</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>diast\'8ame</ets>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Intervening space; interval.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Anc. Mus.)</fld> <def>An interval.</def>

<h1>Diastema</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*ste"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Diastem</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A vacant space, or gap, esp. between teeth in a jaw.</def>

<h1>Diaster</h1>
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<hw>Di*as"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/- = <?/ twice + <?/ star.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A double star; -- applied to the nucleus of a cell, when, during cell division, the loops of the nuclear network separate into two groups, preparatory to the formation of two daughter nuclei. See <er>Karyokinesis</er>.</def>

<h1>Diastole</h1>
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<hw>Di*as"to*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to put asunder, to separate; <?/ through + <?/ to set, to place.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The rhythmical expansion or dilatation of the heart and arteries; -- correlative to systole, or contraction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A figure by which a syllable naturally short is made long.</def>

<h1>Diastolic</h1>
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<hw>Di`as*tol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to diastole.</def>

<h1>Diastyle</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*style</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diastylus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ through, asunder + <?/ pillar, column: cf. F. <ets>diastyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Intercolumniation</er>.</def>

<h1>Diatessaron</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*tes"sa*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/); <?/ through + <?/, gen. of <?/ four (sc. <?/.).]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anc. Mus.)</fld> <def>The interval of a fourth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>A continuous narrative arranged from the first four books of the New Testament.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An electuary compounded of four medicines.</def>

<h1>Diathermal</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*ther"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thoroughly warm; <?/ through + <?/ warm, hot. Cf. <er>Diathermous</er>.]</ety> <def>Freely permeable by radiant heat.</def>

<h1>Diathermancy, Diathermaneity</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di`a*ther"man*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di`a*ther`ma*ne"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Diathermanous</er>.]</ety> <def>The property of transmitting radiant heat; the quality of being diathermous.</def>

<i>Melloni.</i>

<h1>Diathermanism</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*ther"ma*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine or the phenomena of the transmission of radiant heat.</def>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<h1>Diathermanous</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*ther"ma*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to warm through; <?/ through + <?/ to warm, <?/ warm.]</ety> <def>Having the property of transmitting radiant heat; diathermal; -- opposed to <i>athermanous</i>.</def>

<h1>Diathermic</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*ther"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affording a free passage to heat; <as>as, <ex>diathermic</ex> substances</as>.</def>

<i>Melloni.</i>

<h1>Diathermometer</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*ther*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ warm + <ets>-meter</ets>. See <er>Diathermal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for examining the thermal resistance or heat-conducting power of liquids.</def>

<h1>Diathermous</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*ther"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Diathermal</er>.</def>

<h1>Diathesis</h1>
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<hw>Di*ath"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to place separately, arrange; <?/ through, asunder + <?/ to place, put.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Bodily condition or constitution, esp. a morbid habit which predisposes to a particular disease, or class of diseases.</def>

<h1>Diathetic</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or dependent on, a diathesis or special constitution of the body; <as>as, <ex>diathetic</ex> disease</as>.</def>

<h1>Diatom</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*tom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cut in two. See <er>Diatomous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the <i>Diatomace\'91</i>, a family of minute unicellular Alg\'91 having a siliceous covering of great delicacy, each individual multiplying by spontaneous division. By some authors diatoms are called <i>Bacillari\'91</i>, but this word is not in general use.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A particle or atom endowed with the vital principle.</def>

<blockquote>The individual is nothing. He is no more than the <b>diatom</b>, the bit of protoplasm.
<i>Mrs. E. Lynn Linton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diatomic</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*tom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>atomic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Containing two atoms.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having two replaceable atoms or radicals.</def>

<h1>Diatomous</h1>
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<hw>Di*at"o*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cut through, fr. <?/ to cut through; <?/ through + <?/ to cut. Cf. <er>Diatom</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Having a single, distinct, diagonal cleavage; -- said of crystals.</def>

<i>Mohs.</i>

<h1>Diatonic</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diatonicus</ets>, <ets>diatonus</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ to stretch out; <?/ through + <?/ to stretch: cf. F. <ets>diatonique</ets>. See <er>Tone</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the scale of eight tones, the eighth of which is the octave of the first.</def>

<cs><col>Diatonic scale</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a scale consisting of eight sounds with seven intervals, of which two are semitones and five are whole tones; a modern major or minor scale, as distinguished from the <i>chromatic<i> scale.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diatonically</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*ton"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a diatonic manner.</def>

<h1>Diatribe</h1>
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<hw>Di"a*tribe</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diatriba</ets> a learned discussion, Gr. <?/, prop., a wearing away of time, fr. <?/ to rub away, spend time; <?/ through + <?/ to rub: cf. L. <ets>terere</ets>, F. <ets>trite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>diatribe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prolonged or exhaustive discussion; especially, an acrimonious or invective harangue; a strain of abusive or railing language; a philippic.</def>

<blockquote>The ephemeral <b>diatribe</b> of a faction.
<i>John Morley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diatribist</h1>
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<hw>Di*at"ri*bist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes a diatribe or diatribes.</def>

<h1>Diatryma</h1>
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<hw>Di`a*try"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ through + <?/ hole.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct eocene bird from New Mexico, larger than the ostrich.</def>

<h1>Diazeuctic, Diazeutic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di`a*zeuc"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di`a*zeu"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ disjunctive, fr. <?/ to disjoin; <?/ through, asunder + <?/ to join, yoke.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Mus.)</fld> <def>Disjoining two fourths; <as>as, the <ex>diazeutic</ex> tone, which, like that from F to G in modern music, lay between two fourths, and, being joined to either, made a fifth</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Diazo-</h1>
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<hw>Di*az"o-</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>azo-</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combining form  (also used adjectively), meaning <i>pertaining to</i>, or <i>derived from</i>, a series of compounds containing a radical of <i>two nitrogen atoms</i>, united usually to an aromatic radical; <as>as, <ex>diazo-</ex>benzene, <chform>C6H5.N2.OH</chform></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Diazo compounds</i> are in general unstable, but are of great importance in recent organic chemistry. They are obtained by a partial reduction of the salts of certain amido compounds.</note>

<cs><col>Diazo reactions</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a series of reactions whereby diazo compounds are employed in substitution. These reactions are of great importance in organic chemistry.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diazotize</h1>
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<hw>Di*az"o*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To subject to such reactions or processes that diazo compounds, or their derivatives, shall be produced by chemical exchange or substitution.</def>

<h1>Dib</h1>
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<hw>Dib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To dip.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Walton.</i>

<h1>Dib</h1>
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<hw>Dib</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the small bones in the knee joints of sheep uniting the bones above and below the joints.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A child's game, played with dib bones.</def>

<h1>Dibasic</h1>
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<hw>Di*ba"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>basic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having two acid hydrogen atoms capable of replacement by basic atoms or radicals, in forming salts; bibasic; -- said of acids, as oxalic or sulphuric acids. Cf. <er>Diacid</er>, <er>Bibasic</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; In the case of certain acids <i>dibasic</i> and <i>divalent</i> are not synonymous; as, tartaric acid is <i>tetravalent</i> and <i>dibasic</i>, lactic acid is <i>divalent</i> but <i>monobasic</i>.</note>

<h1>Dibasicity</h1>
<Xpage=407>

<hw>Di`ba*sic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The property or condition of being dibasic.</def>

<h1>Dibber</h1>
<Xpage=407>

<hw>Dib"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dibble.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Dibble</h1>
<Xpage=407>

<hw>Dib"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dibble</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>A pointed implement used to make holes in the ground in which no set out plants or to plant seeds.</def>

<h1>Dibble</h1>
<Xpage=407>

<hw>Dib"ble</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dibbled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dibbling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of Prov. E. <ets>dib</ets>, for <ets>dip</ets> to thrust in. See <er>Dip</er>.]</ety> <def>To dib or dip frequently, as in angling.</def>

<i>Walton.</i>

<h1>Dibble</h1>
<Xpage=407>

<hw>Dib"ble</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To plant with a dibble; to make holes in (soil) with a dibble, for planting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make holes or indentations in, as if with a dibble.</def>

<blockquote>The clayey soil around it was <b>dibbled</b> thick at the time by the tiny hoofs of sheep.
<i>H. Miller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dibbler</h1>
<Xpage=407>

<hw>Dib"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, dibbles, or makes holes in the ground for seed.</def>

<h1>Dibranchiata</h1>
<Xpage=407>

<hw>Di*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ gills.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of cephalopods which includes those with two gills, an apparatus for emitting an inky fluid, and either eight or ten cephalic arms bearing suckers or hooks, as the octopi and squids. See <er>Cephalopoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Dibranchiate</h1>
<Xpage=407>

<hw>Di*bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two gills.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Dibranchiata.</def></def2>

<hr>
<page="408">
Page 408<p>

<h1>Dibs</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dibs</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sweet preparation or treacle of grape juice, much used in the East.</def>

<i>Johnston.</i>

<h1>Dibstone</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dib"stone`</hw> <tt>(?; 110)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pebble used in a child's game called <i>dibstones</i>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Dibutyl</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*bu"tyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>butyl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid hydrocarbon, <chform>C8H18</chform>, of the marsh-gas series, being one of several octanes, and consisting of two butyl radicals. Cf. <er>Octane</er>.</def>

<h1>Dicacious</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*ca"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dicax</ets>, <ets>dicacis</ets>, fr. <ets>dicere</ets> to say.]</ety> <def>Talkative; pert; saucy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dicacity</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*cac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dicacitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dicacit\'82</ets>. See <er>Dicacious</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertness; sauciness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dicalcic</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*cal"cic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>calcic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having two atoms or equivalents of calcium to the molecule.</def>

<h1>Dicarbonic</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di`car*bon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>carbonic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Containing two carbon residues, or two carboxyl or radicals; <as>as, oxalic acid is a <ex>dicarbonic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Dicast</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di"cast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to judge, <?/ right, judgment, justice.]</ety> <def>A functionary in ancient Athens answering nearly to the modern juryman.</def>

<h1>Dicastery</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*cas"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ juryman. See <er>Dicast</er>.]</ety> <def>A court of justice; judgment hall.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Dice</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. of <plw>Die</plw>.</plu> <def>Small cubes used in gaming or in determining by chance; also, the game played with dice. See <er>Die</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Dice coal</col>, <cd>a kind of coal easily splitting into cubical fragments.</cd>

<i>Brande & C.</i>
</cs>
<-- Illustr. of Dice. -->

<h1>Dice</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dice</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Diced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dicing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To play games with dice.</def>

<blockquote>I . . . <b>diced</b> not above seven times a week.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To ornament with squares, diamonds, or cubes.</def>

<h1>Dicebox</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dice"box`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A box from which dice are thrown in gaming.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Dicentra</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*cen"tra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ spur.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbaceous plants, with racemes of two-spurred or heart-shaped flowers, including the Dutchman's breeches, and the more showy Bleeding heart (<spn>D. spectabilis</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Corruptly written <asp>dielytra</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Dicephalous</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ head.]</ety> <def>Having two heads on one body; double-headed.</def>

<h1>Dicer</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A player at dice; a dice player; a gamester.</def>

<blockquote>As false as <b>dicers'</b> oaths.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dich</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To ditch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dichastic</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*chas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to part asunder, fr. <?/ in two, asunder, fr. <?/ twice.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Capable of subdividing spontaneously.</def>

<h1>Dichlamydeous</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di`chla*myd"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/, <?/, a cloak.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two coverings, a calyx and in corolla.</def>

<h1>Dichloride</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*chlo"ride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>chloride</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Bichloride</er>.</def>

<h1>Dichogamous</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*chog"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Manifesting dichogamy.</def>

<h1>Dichogamy</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*chog"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ in two, asunder + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The condition of certain species of plants, in which the stamens and pistil do not mature simultaneously, so that these plants can never fertilize themselves.</def>

<h1>Dichotomist</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*chot"o*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dichotomizes.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Dichotomize</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*chot"o*mize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dichotomized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dichotomizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Dichotomous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut into two parts; to part into two divisions; to divide into pairs; to bisect.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The apostolical benediction <b>dichotomizes</b> all good things into grace and peace.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>To exhibit as a half disk. See <er>Dichotomy</er>, <p><b>3.</b></def> "[The moon] was <i>dichotomized</i>."

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Dichotomize</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*chot"o*mize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To separate into two parts; to branch dichotomously; to become dichotomous.</def>

<h1>Dichotomous</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*chot"o*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dichotomos</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ in two, asunder + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <def>Regularly dividing by pairs from bottom to top; <as>as, a <ex>dichotomous</ex> stem</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Di*chot"o*mous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dichotomy</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*chot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>dichotomie</ets>. See <er>Dichotomous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A cutting in two; a division.</def>

<blockquote>A general breach or <b>dichotomy</b> with their church.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Division or distribution of genera into two species; division into two subordinate parts.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>That phase of the moon in which it appears bisected, or shows only half its disk, as at the quadratures.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Successive division and subdivision, as of a stem of a plant or a vein of the body, into two parts as it proceeds from its origin; successive bifurcation.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The place where a stem or vein is forked.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Division into two; especially, the division of a class into two subclasses opposed to each other by contradiction, as the division of the term <i>man</i> into <i>white</i> and <i>not white</i>.</def>

<h1>Dichroic</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*chro"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dichroism</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the property of dichroism; <as>as, a <ex>dichroic</ex> crystal</as>.</def>

<h1>Dichroiscope</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*chro"i*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Dichroscope</er>.</def>

<h1>Dichroism</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di"chro*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ two-colored; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The property of presenting different colors by transmitted light, when viewed in two different directions, the colors being unlike in the direction of unlike or unequal axes.</def>

<h1>Dichroite</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di"chro*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dichroism</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Iolite; -- so called from its presenting two different colors when viewed in two different directions. See <er>Iolite</er>.</def>

<h1>Dichroitic</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di`chro*it"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dichroic.</def>

<h1>Dichromate</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*chro"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of chromic acid containing two equivalents of the acid radical to one of the base; -- called also <altname>bichromate</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dichromatic</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di`chro*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>chromatic</ets>: cf. Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having or exhibiting two colors.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two color varieties, or two phases differing in color, independently of age or sex, as in certain birds and insects.</def>

<h1>Dichromatism</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*chro"ma*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being dichromatic.</def>

<h1>Dichromic</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*chro"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ two-colored; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ color.]</ety> <def>Furnishing or giving two colors; -- said of defective vision, in which all the compound colors are resolvable into two elements instead of three.</def>

<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i>

<h1>Dichroous</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di"chro*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dichroic.</def>

<h1>Dichroscope</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di"chro*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ color + <?/ to view.]</ety> <def>An instrument for examining the dichroism of crystals.</def>

<h1>Dichroscopic</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di`chro*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the dichroscope, or to observations with it.</def>

<h1>Dicing</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di"cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An ornamenting in squares or cubes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gambling with dice.</def>

<i>J. R. Green.</i>

<h1>Dickcissel</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dick*cis"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American black-throated bunting (<spn>Spiza Americana</spn>).</def>

<h1>Dickens</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dick"ens</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. &or; interj.</tt> <ety>[Perh. a contr. of the dim. <ets>devilkins</ets>.]</ety> <def>The devil.</def> <mark>[A vulgar euphemism.]</mark>

<blockquote>I can not tell what the <b>dickens</b> his name is.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dicker</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dick"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Also <ets>daker</ets>, <ets>dakir</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>dekr</ets>, Dan. <ets>deger</ets>, G. <ets>decher</ets>; all prob. from LL. <ets>dacra</ets>, <ets>dacrum</ets>, the number ten, akin to L. <ets>decuria</ets> a division consisting of ten, fr. <ets>decem</ets> ten. See <er>Ten</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The number or quantity of ten, particularly ten hides or skins; a dakir; <as>as, a <ex>dicker</ex> of gloves</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>dicker</b> of cowhides.
<i>Heywood.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A chaffering, barter, or exchange, of small wares; <as>as, to make a <ex>dicker</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<blockquote>For peddling <b>dicker</b>, not for honest sales.
<i>Whittier.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dicker</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dick"er</hw>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To negotiate a dicker; to barter.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> "Ready to <i>dicker</i>. and to swap."

<i>Cooper.</i>

<h1>Dickey, Dicky</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw><hw>Dick"ey</hw>, <hw>Dick"y</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A seat behind a carriage, for a servant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A false shirt front or bosom.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A gentleman's shirt collar.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Diclinic</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*clin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ to incline.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Having two of the intersections between the three axes oblique. See <er>Crystallization</er>.</def>

<h1>Diclinous</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic"li*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ bed.]</ety> <def>Having the stamens and pistils in separate flowers.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Dicoccous</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*coc"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ grain, seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Composed pf two coherent, one-seeded carpels; <as>as, a <ex>dicoccous</ex> capsule</as>.</def>

<h1>Dicotyledon</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*cot`y*le"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>cotyledon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant whose seeds divide into two seed lobes, or cotyledons, in germinating.</def>

<h1>Dicotyledonous</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*cot`y*le"don*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two cotyledons or seed lobes; <as>as, a <ex>dicotyledonous</ex> plant</as>.</def>

<h1>Dicrotal, Dicrotous</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw><hw>Di"cro*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di"cro*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a double beating.]</ety> <def>Dicrotic.</def>

<h1>Dicrotic</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*crot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ to knock, beat.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to dicrotism; <as>as, a <ex>dicrotic</ex> pulse</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the second expansion of the artery in the dicrotic pulse; <as>as, the <ex>dicrotic</ex> wave</as>.</def>

<h1>Dicrotism</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di"cro*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A condition in which there are two beats or waves of the arterial pulse to each beat of the heart.</def>

<h1>Dicta</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See <er>Dictum</er>.</def>

<h1>Dictamen</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic*ta"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., fr. <ets>dictare</ets> to dictate.]</ety> <def>A dictation or dictate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Falkland.</i>

<h1>Dictamnus</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic*tam"nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Dittany</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A suffrutescent, <i>D</i>. <i>Fraxinella</i> (the only species), with strong perfume and showy flowers. The volatile oil of the leaves is highly inflammable.</def>

<h1>Dictate</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dictated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dictating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dictatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dictare</ets>, freq. of <ets>dicere</ets> to say. See <er>Diction</er>, and cf. <er>Dight</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To tell or utter so that another may write down; to inspire; to compose; <as>as, to <ex>dictate</ex> a letter to an amanuensis</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The mind which <b>dictated</b> the Iliad.
<i>Wayland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Pages <b>dictated</b> by the Holy Spirit.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To say; to utter; to communicate authoritatively; to deliver (a command) to a subordinate; to declare with authority; to impose; <as>as, to <ex>dictate</ex> the terms of a treaty; a general <ex>dictates</ex> orders to his troops.</as></def>

<blockquote>Whatsoever is <b>dictated</b> to us by God must be believed.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To suggest; prescribe; enjoin; command; point out; urge; admonish.</syn>

<h1>Dictate</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic"tate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To speak as a superior; to command; to impose conditions (on).</def>

<blockquote>Who presumed to <b>dictate</b> to the sovereign.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To compose literary works; to tell what shall be written or said by another.</def>

<blockquote>Sylla could not skill of letters, and therefore knew not how to <b>dictate</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dictate</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dictatum</ets>. See <er>Dictate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A statement delivered with authority; an order; a command; an authoritative rule, principle, or maxim; a prescription; <as>as, listen to the <ex>dictates</ex> of your conscience; the <ex>dictates</ex> of the gospel.</as></def>

<blockquote>I credit what the Grecian <b>dictates</b> say.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Command; injunction; direction suggestion; impulse; admonition.</syn>

<h1>Dictation</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dictatio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of dictating; the act or practice of prescribing; also that which is dictated.</def>

<blockquote>It affords security against the <b>dictation</b> of laws.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The speaking to, or the giving orders to, in an overbearing manner; authoritative utterance; <as>as, his habit, even with friends, was that of <ex>dictatio</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Dictator</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic*ta"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who dictates; one who prescribes rules and maxims authoritatively for the direction of others.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One invested with absolute authority; especially, a magistrate created in times of exigence and distress, and invested with unlimited power.</def>

<blockquote>Invested with the authority of a <b>dictator</b>, nay, of a pope, over our language.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dictatorial</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic`ta*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dictatorial</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining or suited to a dictator; absolute.</def>

<blockquote>Military powers quite <b>dictatorial</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characteristic of a dictator; imperious; dogmatical; overbearing; <as>as, a <ex>dictatorial</ex> tone or manner</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dic`ta*to"ri*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dic`ta*to"ri*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dictatorian</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic`ta*to"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dictatorial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dictatorship</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic*ta"tor*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office, or the term of office, of a dictator; hence, absolute power.</def>

<h1>Dictatory</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic"ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dictatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Dogmatical; overbearing; dictatorial.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Dictatress</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic*ta"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who dictates or commands.</def>

<blockquote>Earth's chief <b>dictatress</b>, ocean's mighty queen.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dictatrix</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic*ta"trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A dictatress.</def>

<h1>Dictature</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic*ta"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dictatura</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dictature</ets>.]</ety> <def>Office of a dictator; dictatorship.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Diction</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dicto</ets> a saying, a word, fr. <ets>dicere</ets>, <ets>dictum</ets>, to say; akin to <ets>dicare</ets> to proclaim, and to E. <ets>teach</ets>, <ets>token</ets>: cf. F. <ets>diction</ets>. See <er>Teach</er>, and cf. <er>Benison</er>, <er>Dedicate</er>, <er>Index</er>, <er>Judge</er>, <er>Preach</er>, <er>Vengeance</er>.]</ety> <def>Choice of words for the expression of ideas; the construction, disposition, and application of words in discourse, with regard to clearness, accuracy, variety, etc.; mode of expression; language; <as>as, the <ex>diction</ex> of Chaucer's poems</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>diction</b> blazes up into a sudden explosion of prophetic grandeur.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Diction</er>, <er>Style</er>, <er>Phraseology</er>.</syn>  <usage><i>Style</i> relates both to language and thought; <i>diction</i>, to language only; <i>phraseology</i>, to the mechanical structure of sentences, or the mode in which they are <i>phrased</i>. The <i>style</i> of Burke was enriched with all the higher graces of composition; his <i>diction</i> was varied and copious; his <i>phraseology</i>, at times, was careless and cumbersome. "<i>Diction</i> is a general term applicable alike to a single sentence or a connected composition. Errors in grammar, false construction, a confused disposition of words, or an improper application of them, constitute bad <i>diction</i>; but the niceties, the elegancies, the peculiarities, and the beauties of composition, which mark the genius and talent of the writer, are what is comprehended under the name of <i>style</i>."</usage>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Dictionalrian</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic`tion*al"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lexicographer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dictionary</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dictionaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dictionnaire</ets>. See <er>Diction</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A book containing the words of a language, arranged alphabetically, with explanations of their meanings; a lexicon; a vocabulary; a wordbook.</def>

<blockquote>I applied myself to the perusal of our writers; and noting whatever might be of use to ascertain or illustrate any word or phrase, accumulated in time the materials of a <b>dictionary</b>.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, a book containing the words belonging to any system or province of knowledge, arranged alphabetically; <as>as, a <ex>dictionary</ex> of medicine or of botany; a biographical <ex>dictionary</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Dictum</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Dicta</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Dictums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., neuter of <ets>dictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dicere</ets> to say. See <er>Diction</er>, and cf. <er>Ditto</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An authoritative statement; a dogmatic saying; an apothegm.</def>

<blockquote>A class of critical <b>dicta</b> everywhere current.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A judicial opinion expressed by judges on points that do not necessarily arise in the case, and are not involved in it</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(French Law)</fld> <def>The report of a judgment made by one of the judges who has given it</def>. <i>Bouvier</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An arbitrament or award.</def>

<h1>Dictyogen</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Dic*ty"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a net + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant with netveined leaves, and monocotyledonous embryos, belonging to the class <spn>Dictyogen\'91</spn>, proposed by Lindley for the orders <spn>Dioscoreace\'91</spn>, <spn>Smilace\'91</spn>, <spn>Trilliace\'91</spn>, etc.</def>

<h1>Dicyanide</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di*cy"a*nide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>cyan</ets>ogen.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of a binary type containing two cyanogen groups or radicals; -- called also <altname>bicyanide</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dicyemata</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di`cy*e"ma*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ an embryo.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of worms parasitic in cephalopods. They are remarkable for the extreme simplicity of their structure. The embryo exists in two forms.</def>

<h1>Dicyemid</h1>
<Xpage=408>

<hw>Di`cy*e"mid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or belonging to the Dicyemata.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Dicyemata.</def></def2>

<hr>
<page="409">
Page 409<p>

<h1>Dicynodont</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*cyn"o*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ dog + <?/, <?/ , tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>One of a group of extinct reptiles having the jaws armed with a horny beak, as in turtles, and in the genus <spn>Dicynodon</spn>, supporting also a pair of powerful tusks. Their remains are found in triassic strata of South Africa and India.</def>

<h1>Did</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Did</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Do</er>.</def>

<h1>Didactic, Didactical</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw><hw>Di*dac"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di*dac"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to teach; akin to L. <ets>docere</ets> to teach: cf. F. <ets>didactique</ets>. See <er>Docile</er>.]</ety> <def>Fitted or intended to teach; conveying instruction; preceptive; instructive; teaching some moral lesson; <as>as, <ex>didactic</ex> essays</as>.</def> "<i>Didactical</i> writings."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>The finest <b>didactic</b> poem in any language.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Didactic</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*dac"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A treatise on teaching or education.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Didactically</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*dac"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a didactic manner.</def>

<h1>Didacticism</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*dac"ti*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The didactic method or system.</def>

<h1>Didacticity</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di`dac*tic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Aptitude for teaching.</def>

<i>Hare.</i>

<h1>Didactics</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*dac"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or science of teaching.</def>

<h1>Didactyl</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*dac"tyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ finger, toe: cf. F. <ets>didactyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal having only two digits.</def>

<h1>Didactylous</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*dac"tyl*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having only two digits; two-toed.</def>

<h1>Didal</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of triangular spade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Didapper</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di"dap`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>divedapper</ets>. See <er>Dive</er>, <er>Dap</er>, <er>Dip</er>, and cf. <er>Dabchick</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dabchick</er>.</def>

<h1>Didascalar</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*das"ca*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Didascalic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Didascalic</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di`das*cal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>didascalius</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to teach: cf. F. <ets>didascalique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Didactic; preceptive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Diddle</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Did"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Daddle</er>.]</ety> <def>To totter, as a child in walking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Quarles.</i>

<h1>Diddle</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Did"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Perh. from AS. <ets>dyderian</ets> to deceive, the letter <ets>r</ets> being changed to <ets>l</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cheat or overreach.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Beaconsfield.</i>

<h1>Diddler</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Did"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cheat.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Jeremy Diddler</col>, <cd>a character in a play by James Kenney, entitled "Raising the wind." The name is applied to any needy, tricky, constant borrower; a confidence man.</cd></cs>

<h1>Didelphia</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*del"phi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ = <?/ matrix, uterus.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The subclass of Mammalia which includes the marsupials. See <er>Marsupialia</er>.</def>

<h1>Didelphian</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*del"phi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or relating to the Didelphia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Didelphia.</def></def2>

<h1>Didelphic</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*del"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the uterus double; of or pertaining to the Didelphia.</def>

<h1>Didelphid</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*del"phid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Didelphic</er>.</def>

<h1>Didelphid</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*del"phid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marsupial animal.</def>

<h1>Didelphous</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*del"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Didelphic.</def>

<h1>Didelphyc</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*del"phyc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Didelphic</er>.</def>

<h1>Didelphous</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*del"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Didelphia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Formerly, any marsupial; but the term is now restricted to an American genus which includes the opossums, of which there are many species. See <er>Opossum</er>. <altsp>[Written also <asp>Didelphis</asp>.]</altsp> See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<i>Cuvier.</i>

<h1>Didine</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di"dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the genus <spn>Didus</spn>, or the dodo.</def>

<h1>Dido</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Didos</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A shrewd trick; an antic; a caper.</def>

<cs><col>To cut a dido</col>, <cd>to play a trick; to cut a caper; -- perhaps so called from the trick of Dido, who having bought so much land as a hide would cover, is said to have cut it into thin strips long enough to inclose a spot for a citadel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Didonia</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*do"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. So called in allusion to the classical story of Dido and the bull's hide.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The curve which on a given surface and with a given perimeter contains the greatest area.</def>

<i>Tait.</i>

<h1>Didrachm, Didrachma</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw><hw>Di"drachm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di*drach"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ a drachm.]</ety> <def>A two-drachma piece; an ancient Greek silver coin, worth nearly forty cents.</def>

<h1>Didst</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Didst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, the 2<i>d pers</i>. <i>sing</i>. <i>imp</i>. of <er>Do</er>.</def>

<h1>Diducement</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*duce"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Diduction; separation into distinct parts.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Diduction</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*duc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diductio</ets>, fr. <ets>diducere</ets>, <ets>diductum</ets>, to draw apart; <ets>di-</ets> = <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>ducere</ets> to lead, draw.]</ety> <def>The act of drawing apart; separation.</def>

<h1>Didym</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di"dym</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Didymium</er>.</def>

<h1>Didymium</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*dym"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ twin.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare metallic substance usually associated with the metal cerium; -- hence its name. It was formerly supposed to be an element, but has since been found to consist of two simpler elementary substances, neodymium and praseodymium. See <er>Neodymium</er>, and <er>Praseodymium</er>.</def>

<h1>Didymous</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Did"y*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ twofold, twin.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing in pairs or twins.</def>

<h1>Didynamia</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Did`y*na"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ power.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an class of plants having four stamens disposed in pairs of unequal length.</def>

<h1>Didynamian</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Did`y*na"mi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Didynamous.</def>

<h1>Didynamous</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*dyn"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Didynamia; containing four stamens disposed in pairs of unequal length.</def>

<h1>Die</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Die</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Died</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>deyen</ets>, <ets>dien</ets>, of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. <ets>deyja</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>d\'94e</ets>, Sw. <ets>d\'94</ets>, Goth. <ets>diwan</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>afd<?/jan</ets> to harass), OFries. <ets>d<?/ia</ets> to kill, OS. <ets>doian</ets> to die, OHG. <ets>touwen</ets>, OSlav. <ets>daviti</ets> to choke, Lith. <ets>dovyti</ets> to torment. Cf. <er>Dead</er>, <er>Death</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To pass from an animate to a lifeless state; to cease to live; to suffer a total and irreparable loss of action of the vital functions; to become dead; to expire; to perish; -- said of animals and vegetables; often with <i>of</i>, <i>by</i>, <i>with</i>, <i>from</i>, and rarely <i>for</i>, before the cause or occasion of death; <as>as, to <ex>die</ex> of disease or hardships; to <ex>die</ex> by fire or the sword; to <ex>die</ex> with horror at the thought.</as></def>

<blockquote>To <b>die</b> by the roadside of grief and hunger.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She will <b>die</b> from want of care.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To suffer death; to lose life.</def>

<blockquote>In due time Christ <b>died</b> for the ungodly.
<i>Rom. v. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To perish in any manner; to cease; to become lost or extinct; to be extinguished.</def>

<blockquote>Letting the secret <b>die</b> within his own breast.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Great deeds can not <b>die</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To sink; to faint; to pine; to languish, with weakness, discouragement, love, etc.</def>

<blockquote>His heart <b>died</b> within, and he became as a stone.
<i>1 Sam. xxv. 37.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The young men acknowledged, in love letters, that they <b>died</b> for Rebecca.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To become indifferent; to cease to be subject; <as>as, to <ex>die</ex> to pleasure or to sin</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To recede and grow fainter; to become imperceptible; to vanish; -- often with <i>out</i> or <i>away</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Blemishes may <b>die</b> away and disappear amidst the brightness.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>To disappear gradually in another surface, as where moldings are lost in a sloped or curved face.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To become vapid, flat, or spiritless, as liquor.</def>

<cs><col>To die in the last ditch</col>, <cd>to fight till death; to die rather than surrender.</cd>

<blockquote>"There is one certain way," replied the Prince [William of Orange] " by which I can be sure never to see my country's ruin, -- I <b>will die in the last ditch</b>."
<i>Hume (Hist. of Eng. ).</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To die out</col>, <cd>to cease gradually; as, the prejudice has <i>died out</i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To expire; decease; perish; depart; vanish.</syn>

<h1>Die</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Die</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. in 1 and (usually) in 2, <plw>Dice</plw> <tt>(d\'c6s)</tt>; in 4 & 5, <plw>Dies</plw> <tt>(d\'c6z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>dee</ets>, <ets>die</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>datus</ets> given, thrown, p. p. of <ets>dare</ets> to give, throw. See <er>Date</er> a point of time.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A small cube, marked on its faces with spots from one to six, and used in playing games by being shaken in a box and thrown from it. See <er>Dice</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any small cubical or square body.</def>

<blockquote>Words . . . pasted upon little flat tablets or <b>dies</b>.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is, or might be, determined, by a throw of the die; hazard; chance.</def>

<blockquote>Such is the <b>die</b> of war.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>That part of a pedestal included between base and cornice; the dado.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A metal or plate (often one of a pair) so cut or shaped as to give a certain desired form to, or impress any desired device on, an object or surface, by pressure or by a blow; used in forging metals, coining, striking up sheet metal, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A perforated block, commonly of hardened steel used in connection with a punch, for punching holes, as through plates, or blanks from plates, or for forming cups or capsules, as from sheet metal, by drawing.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A hollow internally threaded screw-cutting tool, made in one piece or composed of several parts, for forming screw threads on bolts, etc.; one of the separate parts which make up such a tool.</def>

<cs><col>Cutting die</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a thin, deep steel frame, sharpened to a cutting edge, for cutting out articles from leather, cloth, paper, etc.</cd> -- <col>The die is cast</col>, <cd>the hazard must be run; the step is taken, and it is too late to draw back; the last chance is taken.</cd></cs>

<mhw><h1>Diecian</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*e"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>Di*e"cious,/hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Di\'d2cian</er>, and <er>Di\'d2cious</er>.</def>

<h1>Diedral</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*e"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>The same as <er>Dihedral</er>.</def>

<h1>Diegesis</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di`e*ge"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to narrate; <?/ through + <?/ to lead.]</ety> <def>A narrative or history; a recital or relation.</def>

<h1>Dielectric</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di`e*lec"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dia-</ets> + <ets>electric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>Any substance or medium that transmits the electric force by a process different from conduction, as in the phenomena of induction; a nonconductor. separating a body electrified by induction, from the electrifying body.</def>

<h1>Dielytra</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*el"y*tra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dicentra</er>.</def>

<h1>Diencephalon</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di`en*ceph"a*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Dia-</er>, and <er>Encephalon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The interbrain or thalamencephalon; -- sometimes abbreviated to <i>dien</i>. See <er>Thalamencephalon</er>.</def>

<h1>Dieresis</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*er"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Di\'91resis</er>.</def>

<h1>Diesinker</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Die"sink`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An engraver of dies for stamping coins, medals, etc.</def>

<h1>Diesinking</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Die"sink`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of engraving dies.</def>

<h1>Diesis</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dieses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to let go through, dissolve; <?/ through + <?/ to let go, send.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A small interval, less than any in actual practice, but used in the mathematical calculation of intervals.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The mark &ddagr;; -- called also <altname>double dagger</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dies Ir\'91</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di"es I"r\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Day of wrath; -- the name and beginning of a famous medi\'91val Latin hymn on the Last Judgment.</def>

<h1>Dies juridicus</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di"es ju*rid"i*cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dies juridici</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A court day.</def>

<h1>Dies non</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di"es non"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>dies non juridicus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A day on which courts are not held, as Sunday or any legal holiday.</def>

<h1>Diestock</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Die"stock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stock to hold the dies used for cutting screws.</def>

<h1>Diet</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>di\'8ate</ets>, L. <ets>diaeta</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ manner of living.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Course of living or nourishment; what is eaten and drunk habitually; food; victuals; fare.</def> "No inconvenient <i>diet</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A course of food selected with reference to a particular state of health; prescribed allowance of food; regimen prescribed.</def>

<blockquote>To fast like one that takes <b>diet</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Diet kitchen</col>, <cd>a kitchen in which diet is prepared for invalids; a charitable establishment that provides proper food for the sick poor.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diet</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di"et</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dieted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dieting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to take food; to feed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to eat and drink sparingly, or by prescribed rules; to regulate medicinally the food of.</def>

<blockquote>She <b>diets</b> him with fasting every day.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diet</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di"et</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To eat; to take one's meals.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Let him . . . <b>diet</b> in such places, where there is good company of the nation, where he traveleth.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To eat according to prescribed rules; to ear sparingly; <as>as, the doctor says he must <ex>diet</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Diet</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di"et</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>di\'8ate</ets>, LL. <ets>dieta</ets>, <ets>diaeta</ets>, an assembly, a day's journey; the same word as <ets>diet</ets> course of living, but with the sense changed by L. <ets>dies</ets> day: cf. G. <ets>tag</ets> day<?/ and <er>Reichstag</er>.]</ety> <def>A legislative or administrative assembly in Germany, Poland, and some other countries of Europe; a deliberative convention; a council; <as>as, the <ex>Diet</ex> of Worms, held in 1521</as>.</def>

<h1>Dietarian</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di`e*ta"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lives in accordance with prescribed rules for diet; a dieter.</def>

<h1>Dietary</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di"et*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to diet, or to the rules of diet.</def>

<h1>Dietary</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di"et*a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dietaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A rule of diet; a fixed allowance of food, as in workhouse, prison, etc.</def>

<h1>Dieter</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di"et*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who diets; one who prescribes, or who partakes of, food, according to hygienic rules.</def>

<h1>Dietetic, Dietetical</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw><hw>Di`e*tet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di`e*tet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>di\'82t\'82tique</ets>. See <er>Diet</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or performance to diet, or to the rules for regulating the kind and quantity of food to be eaten.</def>

<h1>Dietetically</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di`e*tet"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dietetical manner.</def>

<h1>Dietetics</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di`e*tet"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That part of the medical or hygienic art which relates to diet or food; rules for diet.</def>

<blockquote>To suppose that the whole of <b>dietetics</b> lies in determining whether or not bread is more nutritive than potatoes.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dietetist</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di`e*tet"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A physician who applies the rules of dietetics to the cure of diseases.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Diethylamine</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*eth`yl*am"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>ethylamine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, volatile, alkaline liquid, <chform>NH(C2H5)2</chform>, having a strong fishy odor resembling that of herring or sardines. Cf. <er>Methylamine</er>.</def>

<h1>Dietic</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*et"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dietetic.</def>

<h1>Dietical</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di*et"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dietetic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ferrand.</i>

<h1>Dietine</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Di"et*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>di\'82tine</ets>.]</ety> <def>A subordinate or local assembly; a diet of inferior rank.</def>

<h1>Dietist, Dietitian</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw><hw>Di"et*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di`e*ti"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in dietetics.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Diffame</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Dif*fame`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Defame</er>.]</ety> <def>Evil name; bad reputation; defamation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Diffarreation</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Dif*far`re*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diffarreatio</ets>; <ets>dif-</ets> =  <ets>farreum</ets> a spelt cake. See <er>Confarreation</er>.]</ety> <def>A form of divorce, among the ancient Romans, in which a cake was used. See <er>Confarreation</er>.</def>

<h1>Differ</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Dif"fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Differed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Differing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>differre</ets>; <ets>dif- = dis-</ets> + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear, carry: cf. F. <ets>diff\'82rer</ets>. See 1st <er>Bear</er>, and cf. <er>Defer</er>, <er>Delay</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To be or stand apart; to disagree; to be unlike; to be distinguished; -- with <i>from</i>.</def>

<blockquote>One star <b>differeth</b> from another star in glory.
<i>1 Cor. xv. 41.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Minds <b>differ</b>, as rivers <b>differ</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be of unlike or opposite opinion; to disagree in sentiment; -- often with <i>from</i> or <i>with</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To have a difference, cause of variance, or quarrel; to dispute; to contend.</def>

<blockquote>We 'll never <b>differ</b> with a crowded pit.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To vary; disagree; dissent; dispute; contend; oppose; wrangle.</syn>  <usage>-- To <er>Differ with</er>, <er>Differ from</er>. Both <i>differ from</i> and <i>aiffer with</i> are used in reference to opinions; <as>as, "I <ex>differ from</ex> you or <ex>with</ex> you in that opinion</as>."" In all other cases, expressing simple unlikeness, <i>differ from</i> is used; <as>as, these two persons or things <ex>differ</ex> entirely <ex>from</ex> each other</as>.</usage>

<blockquote>Severely punished, not for <b>differing from</b> us in opinion, but for committing a nuisance.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Davidson, whom on a former occasion we quoted, to <b>differ from</b> him.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Much as I <b>differ from</b> him concerning an essential part of the historic basis of religion.
<i>Gladstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>differ with</b> the honorable gentleman on that point.
<i>Brougham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If the honorable gentleman <b>differs with</b> me on that subject, I <b>differ</b> as heartily <b>with</b> him, and shall always rejoice to differ.
<i>Canning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Differ</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Dif"fer</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to be different or unlike; to set at variance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>But something 'ts that <b>differs</b> thee and me.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Difference</h1>
<Xpage=409>

<hw>Dif"fer*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>diff\'82rence</ets>, L. <ets>differentia</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of differing; the state or measure of being different or unlike; distinction; dissimilarity; unlikeness; variation; <as>as, a <ex>difference</ex> of quality in paper; a <ex>difference</ex> in degrees of heat, or of light; what is the <ex>difference</ex> between the innocent and the guilty?</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Differencies</b> of administration, but the same Lord.
<i>1 Cor. xii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disagreement in opinion; dissension; controversy; quarrel; hence, cause of dissension; matter in controversy.</def>

<blockquote>What was the <b>difference</b>? It was a contention in public.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Away therefore went I with the constable, leaving the old warden and the young constable to compose their <b>difference</b> as they could.
<i>T. Ellwood.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="410">
Page 410<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That by which one thing differs from another; that which distinguishes or causes to differ;; mark of distinction; characteristic quality; specific attribute.</def>

<blockquote>The marks and <b>differences</b> of sovereignty.
<i>Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Choice; preference.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That now be chooseth with vile <b>difference</b>
To be a beast, and lack intelligence.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>An addition to a coat of arms to distinguish the bearings of two persons, which would otherwise be the same. See <er>Augmentation</er>, and <cref>Marks of cadency</cref>, under <er>Cadency</er>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The quality or attribute which is added to those of the genus to constitute a species; a differentia.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The quantity by which one quantity differs from another, or the remainder left after subtracting the one from the other.</def>

<cs><col>Ascensional difference</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ascensional</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Distinction; dissimilarity; dissimilitude; variation; diversity; variety; contrariety; disagreement; variance; contest; contention; dispute; controversy; debate; quarrel; wrangle; strife.</syn>

<h1>Difference</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif"fer*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Differenced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Differencing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause to differ; to make different; to mark as different; to distinguish.</def>

<blockquote>Thou mayest <b>difference</b> gods from men.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Kings, in receiving justice and undergoing trial, are not <b>differenced</b> from the meanest subject.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So completely <b>differenced</b> by their separate and individual characters that we at once acknowledge them as distinct persons.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Different</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif"fer*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>differens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>differre</ets>: cf. F. <ets>diff\'82rent</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Distinct; separate; not the same; other.</def> "Five <i>different</i> churches."

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of various or contrary nature, form, or quality; partially or totally unlike; dissimilar; <as>as, <ex>different</ex> kinds of food or drink; <ex>different</ex> states of health; <ex>different</ex> shapes; <ex>different</ex> degrees of excellence.</as></def>

<blockquote>Men are as <b>different</b> from each other, as the regions in which they are born are <b>different</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Different</i> is properly followed by <i>from</i>. <i>Different to</i>, for <i>different from</i>, is a common English colloquialism. <i>Different than</i> is quite inadmissible.</note>

<h1>Differentia</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif`fer*en"ti*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Differenti\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Difference</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The formal or distinguishing part of the essence of a species; the characteristic attribute of a species; specific difference.</def>

<h1>Differential</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif`fer*en"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>diff\'82rentiel</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to or indicating a difference; creating a difference; discriminating; special; <as>as, <ex>differential</ex> characteristics; <ex>differential</ex> duties; a <ex>differential</ex> rate.</as></def>

<blockquote>For whom he produced <b>differential</b> favors.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a differential, or to differentials.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Relating to differences of motion or leverage; producing effects by such differences; said of mechanism.</def>

<cs><col>Differential calculus</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Calculus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Differential coefficient</col>, <cd>the limit of the ratio of the increment of a function of a variable to the increment of the variable itself, when these increments are made indefinitely small.</cd> -- <col>Differential coupling</col>, <cd>a form of slip coupling used in light machinery to regulate at pleasure the velocity of the connected shaft.</cd> -- <col>Differential duties</col> <fld>(Polit. Econ.)</fld>, <cd>duties which are not imposed equally upon the same products imported from different countries.</cd> -- <col>Differential galvanometer</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a galvanometer having two coils or circuits, usually equal, through which currents passing in opposite directions are measured by the difference of their effect upon the needle.</cd> -- <col>Differential gearing</col>, <cd>a train of toothed wheels, usually an epicyclic train, so arranged as to constitute a <i>differential motion<i>.</cd> -- <col>Differential motion</col>, <cd>a mechanism in which a simple <i>differential<i> combination produces such a change of motion or force as would, with ordinary compound arrangements, require a considerable train of parts. It is used for overcoming great resistance or producing very slow or very rapid motion.</cd> -- <col>Differential pulley</col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A portable hoisting apparatus, the same in principle as the differential windlass.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A hoisting pulley to which power is applied through a differential gearing.</cd> -- <col>Differential screw</col>, <cd>a compound screw by which a motion is produced equal to the difference of the motions of the component screws.</cd> -- <col>Differential thermometer</col>, <cd>a thermometer usually with a U-shaped tube terminating in two air bulbs, and containing a colored liquid, used for indicating the difference between the temperatures to which the two bulbs are exposed, by the change of position of the colored fluid, in consequence of the different expansions of the air in the bulbs. A graduated scale is attached to one leg of the tube.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Differential windlass</col>, &or; <col>Chinese windlass</col></mcol>, <cd>a windlass whose barrel has two parts of different diameters. The hoisting rope winds upon one part as it unwinds from the other, and a pulley sustaining the weight to be lifted hangs in the bight of the rope. It is an ancient example of a differential motion.</cd></cs>

<h1>Differential</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif`fer*en"tial</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An increment, usually an indefinitely small one, which is given to a variable quantity.</def>

<note>&hand; According to the more modern writers upon the differential and integral calculus, if two or more quantities are dependent on each other, and subject to increments of value, their <i>differentials</i> need not be small, but are any quantities whose ratios to each other are the limits to which the ratios of the increments approximate, as these increments are reduced nearer and nearer to zero.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small difference in rates which competing railroad lines, in establishing a common tariff, allow one of their number to make, in order to get a fair share of the business. The lower rate is called a <i>differential</i> rate. Differentials are also sometimes granted to cities.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of two coils of conducting wire so related to one another or to a magnet or armature common to both, that one coil produces polar action contrary to that of the other.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A form of conductor used for dividing and distributing the current to a series of electric lamps so as to maintain equal action in all.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<cs><col>Partial differential</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the differential of a function of two or more variables, when only one of the variables receives an increment.</cd> -- <col>Total differential</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the differential of a function of two or more variables, when each of the variables receives an increment. The <i>total differential<i> of the function is the sum of all the <i>partial differentials<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Differentially</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif`fer*en"tial*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the way of differentiation.</def>

<h1>Differentiate</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif`fer*en"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To distinguish or mark by a specific difference; to effect a difference in, as regards classification; to develop differential characteristics in; to specialize; to desynonymize.</def>

<blockquote>The word <b>then</b> was <b>differentiated</b> into the two forms <b>then</b> and <b>than</b>.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Two or more of the forms assumed by the same original word become <b>differentiated</b> in signification.
<i>Dr. Murray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To express the specific difference of; to describe the properties of (a thing) whereby it is differenced from another of the same class; to discriminate.</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To obtain the differential, or differential coefficient, of; <as>as, to <ex>differentiate</ex> an algebraic expression, or an equation</as>.</def>

<h1>Differentiate</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif`fer*en"ti*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To acquire a distinct and separate character.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Differentiation</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif`fer*en`ti*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of differentiating.</def>

<blockquote>Further investigation of the Sanskrit may lead to <b>differentiation</b> of the meaning of such of these roots as are real roots.
<i>J. Peile.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The act of distinguishing or describing a thing, by giving its different, or specific difference; exact definition or determination.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The gradual formation or production of organs or parts by a process of evolution or development, as when the seed develops the root and the stem, the initial stem develops the leaf, branches, and flower buds; or in animal life, when the germ evolves the digestive and other organs and members, or when the animals as they advance in organization acquire special organs for specific purposes.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The supposed act or tendency in being of every kind, whether organic or inorganic, to assume or produce a more complex structure or functions.</def>

<h1>Differentiator</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif`fer*en"ti*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, differentiates.</def>

<h1>Differently</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif"fer*ent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a different manner; variously.</def>

<h1>Differingly</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif"fer*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a differing or different manner.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Difficile</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif"fi*cile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>difficilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>difficile</ets>. See <er>Difficult</er>.]</ety> <def>Difficult; hard to manage; stubborn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Dif"fi*cile*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Difficilitate</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif`fi*cil"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make difficult.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Difficult</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif"fi*cult</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Difficulty</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Hard to do or to make; beset with difficulty; attended with labor, trouble, or pains; not easy; arduous.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Difficult</i> implies the notion that considerable mental effort or skill is required, or that obstacles are to be overcome which call for sagacity and skill in the agent; as, a <i>difficult</i> task; hard work is not always <i>difficult</i> work; a <i>difficult</i> operation in surgery; a <i>difficult</i> passage in an author.</note>

<blockquote>There is not the strength or courage left me to venture into the wide, strange, and <b>difficult</b> world, alone.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hard to manage or to please; not easily wrought upon; austere; stubborn; <as>as, a <ex>difficult</ex> person</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Arduous; painful; crabbed; perplexed; laborious; unaccommodating; troublesome. See <er>Arduous</er>.</syn>

<h1>Difficult</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif"fi*cult</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render difficult; to impede; to perplex.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Difficultate</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif"fi*cult*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render difficult; to difficilitate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Difficultly</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif"fi*cult*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With difficulty.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Difficultness</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif"fi*cult*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Difficulty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Golding.</i>

<h1>Difficulty</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif"fi*cul*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Difficulties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>difficultas</ets>, fr. <ets>difficilis</ets> difficult; <ets>dif-</ets> <ets>= dis-</ets> + <ets>facilis</ets> easy: cf. F. <ets>difficult\'82</ets>. See <er>Facile</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being difficult, or hard to do; hardness; arduousness; -- opposed to <i>easiness</i> or <i>facility</i>; <as>as, the <ex>difficulty</ex> of a task or enterprise; a work of <ex>difficulty</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Not being able to promote them [the interests of life] on account of the <b>difficulty</b> of the region.
<i>James Byrne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something difficult; a thing hard to do or to understand; that which occasions labor or perplexity, and   requires skill perseverance to overcome, solve, or achieve; a hard enterprise; an obstacle; an impediment; <as>as, the <ex>difficulties</ex> of a science; <ex>difficulties</ex> in theology.</as></def>

<blockquote>They lie under some <b>difficulties</b> by reason of the emperor's displeasure.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A controversy; a falling out; a disagreement; an objection; a cavil.</def>

<blockquote>Measures for terminating all local <b>difficulties</b>.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Embarrassment of affairs, especially financial affairs; -- usually in the plural; <as>as, to be in <ex>difficulties</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>In days of <b>difficulty</b> and pressure.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Impediment; obstacle; obstruction; embarrassment; perplexity; exigency; distress; trouble; trial; objection; cavil. See <er>Impediment</er>.</syn>

<h1>Diffide</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif*fide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diffidere</ets>. See <er>Diffident</er>.]</ety> <def>To be distrustful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Diffidence</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif"fi*dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diffidentia</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being diffident; distrust; want of confidence; doubt of the power, ability, or disposition of others.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>That affliction grew heavy upon me, and weighed me down even to a <b>diffidence</b> of God's mercy.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Distrust of one's self or one's own powers; lack of self-reliance; modesty; modest reserve; bashfulness.</def>

<blockquote>It is good to speak on such questions with <b>diffidence</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An Englishman's habitual <b>diffidence</b> and awkwardness of adress.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Humility; bashfulness; distrust; suspicion; doubt; fear; timidity; apprehension; hesitation. See <er>Humility</er>, and <er>Bashfulness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Diffidency</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif"fi*den*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Diffidence</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Diffident</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif"fi*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diffidens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>diffidere</ets>; <ets>dif-</ets> = <ets>dis + fidere</ets> to trust; akin to <ets>fides</ets> faith. See <er>Faith</er>, and cf. <er>Defy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanting confidence in others; distrustful.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>You were always extremely <b>diffident</b> of their success.
<i>Melmoth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wanting confidence in one's self; distrustful of one's own powers; not self-reliant; timid; modest; bashful; characterized by modest reserve.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>diffident</b> maidens,
Folding their hands in prayer.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Distrustful; suspicious; hesitating; doubtful; modest; bashful; lowly; reserved.</syn>

<h1>Diffidently</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif"fi*dent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a diffident manner.</def>

<blockquote>To stand <b>diffidently</b> against each other with their thoughts in battle array.
<i>Hobbes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diffind</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif*find</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diffindere</ets>, <ets>diffissum</ets>; <ets>dif- = findere</ets> to split.]</ety> <def>To split.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Diffine</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif*fine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To define.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>iffinitive</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>if*fin"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>definitive</ets>.]</ety> <def>Definitive; determinate; final.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Diffission</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif*fis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Diffind</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of cleaving or splitting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Difflation</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif*fla"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>difflatio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>difflare</ets>, <ets>difflatum</ets>, to disperse by blowing.]</ety> <def>A blowing apart or away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Diffluence, Diffluency</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw><hw>Dif"flu*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dif"flu*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flowing off on all sides; fluidity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Diffluent</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif"flu*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diffluens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>diffluere</ets> to flow off; <ets>dif- = dis-</ets> + <ets>fluere</ets> to flow.]</ety> <def>Flowing apart or off; dissolving; not fixed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Difform</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif"form`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>difforme</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dif- = dis-</ets> + <ets>forma</ets> form. Cf. <er>Deform</er>.]</ety> <def>Irregular in form; -- opposed to <i>uniform</i>; anomalous; hence, unlike; dissimilar; <as>as, to <ex>difform</ex> corolla, the parts of which do not correspond in size or proportion; <ex>difform</ex> leaves.</as></def>

<blockquote>The unequal refractions of <b>difform</b> rays.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Difformity</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif*form"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>difformit\'82</ets>. See <er>Difform</er>, <er>Deformity</er>.]</ety> <def>Irregularity of form; diversity of form; want of uniformity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Diffract</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif*fract"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Diffracted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Diffracting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>diffractus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>diffringere</ets> to break in pieces; <ets>dif- = dis-</ets> + <ets>frangere</ets> to break. See <er>Fracture</er>.]</ety> <def>To break or separate into parts; to deflect, or decompose by deflection, a<?/ rays of light.</def>

<h1>Diffraction</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif*frac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>diffraction</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The deflection and decomposition of light in passing by the edges of opaque bodies or through narrow slits, causing the appearance of parallel bands or fringes of prismatic colors, as by the action of a grating of fine lines or bars.</def>

<blockquote>Remarked by Grimaldi (1665), and referred by him to a property of light which he called <b>diffraction</b>.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Diffraction grating</col>. <fld>(Optics)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Grating</er>.</cd> -- <col>Diffraction spectrum</col>. <fld>(Optics)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Spectrum</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diffractive</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif*frac"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That produces diffraction.</def>

<h1>Diffranchise, Diffranchisement</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw><hw>Dif*fran"chise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dif*fran"chise*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <def>See <er>Disfranchise</er>, <er>Disfranchisement</er>.</def>

<h1>Diffusate</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif*fus"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Material which, in the process of catalysis, has diffused or passed through the separating membrane.</def>

<h1>Diffuse</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif*fuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Diffused</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Diffusing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>diffusus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>diffundere</ets> to pour out, to diffuse; <ets>dif- = dis-</ets> + <ets>fundere</ets> to pour. See <er>Fuse</er> to melt.]</ety> <def>To pour out and cause to spread, as a fluid; to cause to flow on all sides; to send out, or extend, in all directions; to spread; to circulate; to disseminate; to scatter; as to <i>diffuse</i> information.</def>

<blockquote>Thence <b>diffuse</b>
His good to worlds and ages infinite.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We find this knowledge <b>diffused</b> among all civilized nations.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To expand; spread; circulate; extend; scatter; disperse; publish; proclaim.</syn>

<h1>Diffuse</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif*fuse"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To pass by spreading every way, to diffuse itself.</def>

<h1>Diffuse</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif*fuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diffusus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Poured out; widely spread; not restrained; copious; full; esp., of style, opposed to <contr>concise</contr> or <contr>terse</contr>; verbose; prolix; <as>as, a <ex>diffuse</ex> style; a <ex>diffuse</ex> writer.</as></def>

<blockquote>A <b>diffuse</b> and various knowledge of divine and human things.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Prolix; verbose; wide; copious; full. See <er>Prolix</er>.</syn>

<h1>Diffused</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif*fused"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Spread abroad; dispersed; loose; flowing; diffuse.</def>

<blockquote>It grew to be a widely <b>diffused</b> opinion.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dif*fus"ed*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dif*fus"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Diffusely</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif*fuse"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a diffuse manner.</def>

<h1>Diffuseness</h1>
<Xpage=410>

<hw>Dif*fuse"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being diffuse; especially, in writing, the use of a great or excessive number of word to express the meaning; copiousness; verbosity; prolixity.</def>

<hr>
<page="411">
Page 411<p>

<h1>Diffuser</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dif*fus"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, diffuses.</def>

<h1>Diffusibility</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dif*fu`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being diffusible; capability of being poured or spread out.</def>

<h1>Diffusible</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dif*fu"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of flowing or spreading in all directions; that may be diffused.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Capable of passing through animal membranes by osmosis.</def>

<h1>Diffusibleness</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dif*fu"si*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Diffusibility.</def>

<h1>Diffusion</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dif*fu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diffusio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>diffusion</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of diffusing, or the state of being diffused; a spreading; extension; dissemination; circulation; dispersion.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>diffusion</b> of knowledge which has undermined superstition.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act of passing by osmosis through animal membranes, as in the distribution of poisons, gases, etc., through the body. Unlike <i>absorption</i>, diffusion may go on after death, that is, after the blood ceases to circulate.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Extension; spread; propagation; circulation; expansion; dispersion.</syn>

<h1>Diffusive</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dif*fu"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>diffusif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of diffusing; capable of spreading every way by flowing; spreading widely; widely reaching; copious; diffuse.</def> "A plentiful and <i>diffusive</i> perfume."

<i>Hare.</i>

<h1>Diffusively</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dif*fu"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a diffusive manner.</def>

<h1>Diffusiveness</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dif*fu"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being diffusive or diffuse; extensiveness; expansion; dispersion. Especially of style: Diffuseness; want of conciseness; prolixity.</def>

<blockquote>The fault that I find with a modern legend, it its <b>diffusiveness</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diffusivity</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dif`fu*siv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Tendency to become diffused; tendency, as of heat, to become equalized by spreading through a conducting medium.</def>

<h1>Dig</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dug</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Digged</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Digging</er>. -- <i>Digged</i> is archaic.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>diggen</ets>, perh. the same word as <ets>diken</ets>, <ets>dichen</ets> (see <er>Dike</er>, <er>Ditch</er>); cf. Dan. <ets>dige</ets> to dig, <ets>dige</ets> a ditch; or (?) akin to E. 1st <ets>dag</ets>. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To turn up, or delve in, (earth) with a spade or a hoe; to open, loosen, or break up (the soil) with a spade, or other sharp instrument; to pierce, open, or loosen, as if with a spade.</def>

<blockquote>Be first to <b>dig</b> the ground.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To get by digging; <as>as, to <ex>dig</ex> potatoes, or gold</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To hollow out, as a well; to form, as a ditch, by removing earth; to excavate; <as>as, to <ex>dig</ex> a ditch or a well</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To thrust; to poke.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>You should have seen children . . . <b>dig</b> and push their mothers under the sides, saying thus to them: Look, mother, how great a lubber doth yet wear pearls.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To dig down</col>, <cd>to undermine and cause to fall by digging; as, to <i>dig down<i> a wall.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To dig from</col>, <col>out of</col>, <col>out</col>, &or; <col>up</col></mcol>, <cd>to get out or obtain by digging; <as>as, to <ex>dig<ex> coal <ex>from<ex> or <ex>out of<ex> a mine; to <ex>dig out<ex> fossils; to <ex>dig up<ex> a tree</as>. The preposition is often omitted; as, the men are <ex>digging<ex> coal, <ex>digging<ex> iron ore, <ex>digging<ex> potatoes.</cd> -- <col>To dig in</col>, <cd>to cover by digging; <as>as, to <ex>dig in<ex> manure</as>.</cd></cs><-- <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To entrench oneself so as to give stronger resistance; -- used of warfare.</cd>  Also figuratively,  esp. in the phrase <col>to dig in one's heels</col>.  -->

<h1>Dig</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To work with a spade or other like implement; to do servile work; to delve.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dig</b> for it more than for hid treasures.
<i>Job iii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I can not <b>dig</b>; to beg I am ashamed.
<i>Luke xvi. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To take ore from its bed, in distinction from making excavations in search of ore.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To work like a digger; to study ploddingly and laboriously.</def> <mark>[Cant, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Dig</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A thrust; a punch; a poke; <as>as, a <ex>dig</ex> in the side or the ribs</as>. See <er>Dig</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <p><b>4.</b></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A plodding and laborious student.</def> <mark>[Cant, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Digamist</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig"a*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/  twice + <?/ to marry. Cf. <er>Bigamist</er>.]</ety> <def>One who marries a second time; a deuterogamist.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Digamma</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di*gam"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ = <?/  twice + <?/ the letter <?/. So called because it resembled two <ets>gammas</ets> placed one above the other.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Gram.)</fld> <def>A letter (<?/, <?/) of the Greek alphabet, which early fell into disuse.</def>

<note>&hand; This form identifies it with the Latin F, though in sound it is said to have been nearer V. It was pronounced, probably, much like the English W.</note>

<h1>Digammate, Digammated</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw><hw>Di*gam"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di*gam"mated</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the digamma or its representative letter or sound; <as>as, the Latin word <ex>vis</ex> is a <ex>digammated</ex> form of the Greek <?/</as>.</def>

<i>Andrews.</i>

<h1>Digamous</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a second marriage, that is, one after the death of the first wife or the first husband.</def>

<h1>Digamy</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a second marriage; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ marriage. Cf. <er>Bigamy</er>.]</ety> <def>Act, or state, of being twice married; deuterogamy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Digastric</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di*gas"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ belly: cf. F. <ets>digastrique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having two bellies; biventral; -- applied to muscles which are fleshy at each end and have a tendon in the middle, and esp. to the muscle which pulls down the lower jaw.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to the digastric muscle of the lower jaw; <as>as, the <ex>digastric</ex> nerves</as>.</def>

<h1>Digenea</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di*ge"ne*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl</plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ race, offspring.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Trematoda in which alternate generations occur, the immediate young not resembling their parents.</def>

<h1>Digenesis</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The faculty of multiplying in two ways; -- by ova fecundated by spermatic fluid, and asexually, as by buds. See <er>Parthenogenesis</er>.</def>

<h1>Digenous</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Sexually reproductive.</def>

<cs><col>Digenous reproduction</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Digenesis</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Digerent</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig"er*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, . <ety>[L. <ets>digerens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>digerere</ets>. See <er>Digest</er>.]</ety> <def>Digesting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Digest</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di*gest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Digested</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Digesting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>digestus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>digerere</ets> to separate, arrange, dissolve, digest; <ets>di- = dis-</ets> + <ets>gerere</ets> to bear, carry, wear. See <er>Jest</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To distribute or arrange methodically; to work over and classify; to reduce to portions for ready use or application; <as>as, to <ex>digest</ex> the laws, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Joining them together and <b>digesting</b> them into order.
<i>Blair.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We have cause to be glad that matters are so well <b>digested</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To separate (the food) in its passage through the alimentary canal into the nutritive and nonnutritive elements; to prepare, by the action of the digestive juices, for conversion into blood; to convert into chyme.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To think over and arrange methodically in the mind; to reduce to a plan or method; to receive in the mind and consider carefully; to get an understanding of; to comprehend.</def>

<blockquote>Feelingly <b>digest</b> the words you speak in prayer.
<i>Sir H. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How shall this bosom multiplied <b>digest</b>
The senate's courtesy?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To appropriate for strengthening and comfort.</def>

<blockquote>Grant that we may in such wise hear them [the Scriptures], read, mark, learn, and inwardly <b>digest</b> them.
<i>Book of Common Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Hence: To bear comfortably or patiently; to be reconciled to; to brook.</def>

<blockquote>I never can <b>digest</b> the loss of most of Origin's works.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To soften by heat and moisture; to expose to a gentle heat in a boiler or matrass, as a preparation for chemical operations.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To dispose to suppurate, or generate healthy pus, as an ulcer or wound.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To ripen; to mature.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Well-<b>digested</b> fruits.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To quiet or abate, as anger or grief.</def>

<h1>Digest</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di*gest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To undergo digestion; <as>as, food <ex>digests</ex> well or ill</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To suppurate; to generate pus, as an ulcer.</def>

<h1>Digest</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di"gest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>digestum</ets>, pl. <ets>digesta</ets>, neut., fr. <ets>digestus</ets>, p. p.: cf. F. <ets>digeste</ets>. See <er>Digest</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>That which is digested; especially, that which is worked over, classified, and arranged under proper heads or titles</def>; esp. <fld>(Law)</fld>, <def>a compilation of statutes or decisions analytically arranged. The term is applied in a general sense to the Pandects of Justinian (see <er>Pandect</er>), but is also specially given by authors to compilations of laws on particular topics; a summary of laws; <as>as, Comyn's <ex>Digest</ex>; the United States <ex>Digest</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>A complete <b>digest</b> of Hindu and Mahommedan laws after the model of Justinian's celebrated Pandects.
<i>Sir W. Jones.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They made a sort of institute and <b>digest</b> of anarchy, called the Rights of Man.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Digestedly</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di*gest"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a digested or well-arranged manner; methodically.</def>

<h1>Digester</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di*gest"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who digests.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A medicine or an article of food that aids digestion, or strengthens digestive power.</def>

<blockquote>Rice is . . . a great restorer of health, and a great <b>digester</b>.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A strong closed vessel, in which bones or other substances may be subjected, usually in water or other liquid, to a temperature above that of boiling, in order to soften them.</def>

<h1>Digestibility</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di*gest`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being digestible.</def>

<h1>Digestible</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di*gest"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>digestible</ets>, L. <ets>digestibilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being digested.</def>

<h1>Digestibleness</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di*gest"i*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being digestible; digestibility.</def>

<h1>Digestion</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di*ges"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>digestion</ets>, L. <ets>digestio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of digesting; reduction to order; classification; thoughtful consideration.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The conversion of food, in the stomach and intestines, into soluble and diffusible products, capable of being absorbed by the blood.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Generation of pus; suppuration.</def>

<h1>Digestive</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di*gest"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>digestif</ets>, L. <ets>digestivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to digestion; having the power to cause or promote digestion; <as>as, the <ex>digestive</ex> ferments</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Digestive</b> cheese and fruit there sure will be.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Digestive apparatus</col>, <cd>the organs of food digestion, esp. the alimentary canal and glands connected with it.</cd> -- <col>Digestive salt</col>, <cd>the chloride of potassium.</cd></cs>

<h1>Digestive</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di*gest"ive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which aids digestion, as a food or medicine.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>That <b>digestive</b> [a cigar] had become to me as necessary as the meal itself.
<i>Blackw. Mag.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A substance which, when applied to a wound or ulcer, promotes suppuration</def>. <i>Dunglison</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tonic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Digestor</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di*gest"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Digester</er>.</def>

<h1>Digesture</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di*ges"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Digestion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Diggable</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig"ga*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being dug.</def>

<h1>Digger</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, digs.</def>

<cs><col>Digger wasp</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of the fossorial Hymenoptera.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diggers</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig"gers</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Digger</singw></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A degraded tribe of California Indians; -- so called from their practice of digging roots for food.</def>

<h1>Digging</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or the place of excavating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Places where ore is dug; especially, certain localities in California, Australia, and elsewhere, at which gold is obtained.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Region; locality.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Dight</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dight</er> &or; <er>Dighted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dighting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>dihten</ets>, AS. <ets>dihtan</ets> to dictate, command, dispose, arrange, fr. L. <ets>dictare</ets> to say often, dictate, order; cf. G. <ets>dichten</ets> to write poetry, fr. L. <ets>dictare</ets>. See <er>Dictate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To prepare; to put in order; hence, to dress, or put on; to array; to adorn.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "She gan the house to <i>dight</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Two harmless turtles, <b>dight</b> for sacrifice.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The clouds in thousand liveries <b>dight</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have sexual intercourse with.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dighter</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dight"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dights.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Digit</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>digitus</ets> finger; prob. akin to Gr. <?/, of uncertain origin; possibly akin to E. <ets>toe</ets>. Cf. <er>Dactyl</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the terminal divisions of a limb appendage; a finger or toe.</def>

<blockquote>The ruminants have the "cloven foot," <b>i</b>. <b>e</b>., two hoofed <b>digits</b> on each foot.
<i>Owen.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A finger's breadth, commonly estimated to be three fourths of an inch.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>One of the ten figures or symbols, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, by which all numbers are expressed; -- so called because of the use of the fingers in counting and computing.</def>

<note>&hand; By some authorities the symbol 0 is not included with the <i>digits</i>.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One twelfth part of the diameter of the sun or moon; -- a term used to express the quantity of an eclipse; <as>as, an eclipse of eight <ex>digits</ex> is one which hides two thirds of the diameter of the disk</as>.</def>

<h1>Digit</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig"it</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To point at or out with the finger.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Digital</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig"i*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>digitals</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or performance to the fingers, or to digits; done with the fingers; <as>as, <ex>digital</ex> compression; <ex>digital</ex> examination.</as></def>

<h1>Digitain</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig"i*ta`in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>digitaline</ets>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any one of several extracts of foxglove <spn>(Digitalis)</spn>, as the "French extract," the "German extract," etc., which differ among themselves in composition and properties.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A supposedly distinct vegetable principle as the essential ingredient of the extracts. It is a white, crystalline substance, and is regarded as a glucoside.</def>

<h1>Digitalis</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig`i*ta"lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.: cf. F. <ets>digitale</ets>. So named (according to Linn\'91us) from its finger-shaped corolla.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants including the foxglove.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The dried leaves of the purple foxglove (<spn>Digitalis purpurea</spn>), used in heart disease, disturbance of the circulation, etc.</def>

<h1>Digitate</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>digitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>digitare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>digitus</ets>. See <er>Digit</er>.]</ety> <def>To point out as with the finger.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Robinson (Eudoxa).</i>

<h1>Digitate, Digitated</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw><hw>Dig"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dig"i*ta`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>digitatus</ets> having fingers.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having several leaflets arranged, like the fingers of the hand, at the extremity of a stem or petiole. Also, in general, characterized by digitation.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dig"i*tate*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Digitation</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>digitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A division into fingers or fingerlike processes; also, a fingerlike process.</def>

<h1>Digitiform</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig"i*ti*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>digitus</ets> a finger + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formed like a finger or fingers; finger-shaped; <as>as, a <ex>digitiform</ex> root</as>.</def>

<h1>Digitigrade</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig"i*ti*grade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>digitus</ets> finger, toe + <ets>gradi</ets> to step, walk: cf. F. <ets>digitigrade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Walking on the toes; -- distinguished from <i>plantigrade</i>.</def>

<h1>Digitigrade</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig"i*ti*grade</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal that walks on its toes, as the cat, lion, wolf, etc.; -- distinguished from a <i>plantigrade</i>, which walks on the palm of the foot.</def>

<h1>Digitipartite</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig`i*ti*par"tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>digitus</ets> finger + <ets>partite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Parted like the fingers.</def>

<h1>Digitize</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig"i*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Digit</ets> + <ets>-ize</ets>.]</ety> <def>To finger; <as>as, to <ex>digitize</ex> a pen</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>
<-- <fld>computers</fld> to convert (information, a signal, an image) into a form expressible in binary notation -->

<h1>Digitorium</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig`i*to"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>digitus</ets> a finger.]</ety> <def>A small dumb keyboard used by pianists for exercising the fingers; -- called also <altname>dumb piano</altname>.</def>

<h1>Digitule</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig"i*tule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>digitulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>digitus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A little finger or toe, or something resembling one.</def>

<h1>Digladiate</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di*gla"di*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>digladiari</ets>; <ets>di- = dis-</ets> + <ets>gladius</ets> a sword.]</ety> <def>To fight like gladiators; to contend fiercely; to dispute violently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Digladiating</b> like \'92schines and Demosthenes.
<i>Hales.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Digladiation</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di*gla`di*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of digladiating.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Sore <i>digladiations</i> and contest."

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Diglottism</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di*glot"tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ speaking two languages; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ tongue. See <er>Glottis</er>.]</ety> <def>Bilingualism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Diglyph</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Di"glyph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ to hollow out, carve.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A projecting face like the triglyph, but having only two channels or grooves sunk in it.</def>

<h1>Dignation</h1>
<Xpage=411>

<hw>Dig*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dignatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of thinking worthy; honor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<hr>
<page="412">
Page 412<p>

<h1>Digne</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Digne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>dignus</ets>. See <er>Design</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Worthy; honorable; deserving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suitable; adequate; fit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Haughty; disdainful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dignification</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Dig`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dignify</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of dignifying; exaltation.</def>

<h1>Dignified</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Dig"ni*fied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marked with dignity; stately; <as>as, a <ex>dignified</ex> judge</as>.</def>

<h1>Dignify</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Dig"ni*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dignified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dignifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>dignifier</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>d<?/<?/nificare</ets>; L. <ets>dignus</ets> worthy + <ets>ficare</ets> (in comp.), <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Deign</er>, and <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <def>To invest with dignity or honor; to make illustrious; to give distinction to; to exalt in rank; to honor.</def>

<blockquote>Your worth will <b>dignity</b> our feast.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To exalt; elevate; prefer; advance; honor; illustrate; adorn; ennoble.</syn>

<h1>Dignitary</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Dig"ni*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dignitaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dignitaire</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dignitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who possesses exalted rank or holds a position of dignity or honor; especially, one who holds an ecclesiastical rank above that of a parochial priest or clergyman.</def>

<h1>Dignity</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Dig"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dignities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>dignete</ets>, <ets>dignite</ets>, OF. <ets>dignet\'82</ets>, <ets>dignit\'82</ets>, F. <ets>dignit\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dignitas</ets>, from <ets>dignus</ets> worthy. See <er>Dainty</er>, <er>Deign</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being worthy or honorable; elevation of mind or character; true worth; excellence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Elevation; grandeur.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>dignity</b> of this act was worth the audience of kings.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Elevated rank; honorable station; high office, political or ecclesiastical; degree of excellence; preferment; exaltation.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>And the king said, What honor and <b>dignity</b> hath been done to Mordecai for this?
<i>Esth. vi. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Reuben, thou art my firstborn, . . . the excellency of <b>dignity</b>, and the excellency of power.
<i>Gen.  xlix. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Quality suited to inspire respect or reverence; loftiness and grace; impressiveness; stateliness; -- said of <?/<?/en, manner, style, etc.</def>

<blockquote>A letter written with singular energy and <b>dignity</b> of thought <?/<?/d language.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>One holding high rank; a dignitary.</def>

<blockquote>These filthy dreamers . . . speak evil of <b>dignities</b>.
<i>Jude. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Fundamental principle; axiom; maxim.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sciences concluding from <b>dignities</b>, and principles known by themselves.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Decorum</er>.</syn>

<cs><col>To stand upon one's dignity</col>, <cd>to have or to affect a high notion of one's own rank, privilege, or character.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>They did not <b>stand upon their dignity</b>, nor give their minds to being or to seeming as elegant and as fine as anybody else.
<i>R. G. White.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dignotion</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Dig*no"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dignoscere</ets> to distinguish; <ets>di- = dis-</ets> + <ets>gnoscere</ets>, <ets>noscere</ets>, to learn to know.]</ety> <def>Distinguishing mark; diagnostic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Digonous</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Dig"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ double + <?/ an angle.]</ety> <def>Having two angles.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Digram</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di"gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ letter.]</ety> <def>A digraph.</def>

<h1>Digraph</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di"graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ a writing, <?/ to write.]</ety> <def>Two signs or characters combined to express a single articulated sound; as <i>ea</i> in <i>head</i>, or <i>th</i> in <i>bath</i>.</def>

<h1>Digraphic</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a digraph.</def>

<i>H. Sweet.</i>

<h1>Digress</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*gress"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Digressed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Digressing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>digressus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>digredi</ets> to go apart, to deviate; <ets>di- = dis-</ets> + <ets>gradi</ets> to step, walk. See <er>Grade</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To step or turn aside; to deviate; to swerve; especially, to turn aside from the main subject of attention, or course of argument, in writing or speaking.</def>

<blockquote>Moreover she beginneth to <b>digress</b> in latitude.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In the pursuit of an argument there is hardly room to <b>digress</b> into a particular definition as often as a man varies the signification of any term.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To turn aside from the right path; to transgress; to offend.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thy abundant goodness shall excuse
This deadly blot on thy <b>digressing</b> son.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Digress</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*gress"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Digression.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Digression</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*gres"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>digressio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>digression</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of digressing or deviating, esp. from the main subject of a discourse; hence, a part of a discourse deviating from its main design or subject.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>digressions</b> I can not excuse otherwise, than by the confidence that no man will read them.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A turning aside from the right path; transgression; offense.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Then my <b>digression</b> is so vile, so base,
That it will live engraven in my face.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The elongation, or angular distance from the sun; -- said chiefly of the inferior planets.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Digressional</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*gres"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or having the character of, a digression; departing from the main purpose or subject.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Digressive</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*gress"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>digressif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Departing from the main subject; partaking of the nature of digression.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Digressively</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*gress"ive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of digression.</def>

<h1>Digue</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Digue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Dike</er>.]</ety> <def>A bank; a dike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Digynia</h1>
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<hw>Di*gyn"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ a woman, a female.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an order of plants having two styles.</def>

<h1>Digynian, Digynous</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw><hw>Di*gyn"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dig"y*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>digyne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Digynia; having two styles.</def>

<h1>Dihedral</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*he"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ a seat, bottom, base, fr. <?/ to sit. Cf. <er>Diedral</er>.]</ety> <def>Having two plane faces; <as>as, the <ex>dihedral</ex> summit of a crystal</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Dihedral angle</col>, <cd>the angular space contained between planes which intersect. It is measured by the angle made by any two lines at right angles to the two planes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dihedron</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*he"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dihedral</er>.]</ety> <def>A figure with two sides or surfaces.</def>

<i>Buchanan.</i>

<h1>Dihexagonal</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di`hex*ag"o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>hexagonal</ets>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Consisting of two hexagonal parts united; thus, a <i>dihexagonal</i> pyramid is composed of two hexagonal pyramids placed base to base.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having twelve similar faces; <as>as, a <ex>dihexagonal</ex> prism</as>.</def>

<h1>Diiamb</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di`i*amb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A diiambus.</def>

<h1>Diiambus</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di`i*am"bus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/. See <er>Lambus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A double iambus; a foot consisting of two iambuses (<?/ <?/ <?/ <?/).</def>

<h1>Diiodide</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*i"o*dide</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>iod</ets>ine.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of a binary type containing two atoms of iodine; -- called also <altname>biniodide</altname>.</def>

<h1>Diisatogen</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di`i*sat"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>isat</ets>ine + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A red crystalline nitrogenous substance or artificial production, which by reduction passes directly to indigo.</def>

<h1>Dijudicant</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*ju"di*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dijudicans</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>One who dijudicates.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Dijudicate</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*ju"di*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dijudicated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dijucating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dijudicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dijudicare</ets> to decide; <ets>di- = dis-</ets> + <ets>judicare</ets> to judge.]</ety> <def>To make a judicial decision; to decide; to determine.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hales.</i>

<h1>Dijudication</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*ju`di*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dijudicatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of dijudicating; judgment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Dika</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di"ka</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native West African name.]</ety> <def>A kind of food, made from the almondlike seeds of the <spn>Irvingia Barteri</spn>, much used by natives of the west coast of Africa; -- called also <altname>dika bread</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dike</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Dike</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dic</ets>, <ets>dike</ets>, <ets>diche</ets>, ditch, AS. <ets>d<?/c</ets> dike, ditch; akin to D. <ets>dijk</ets> dike, G. <ets>deich</ets>, and prob. <ets>teich</ets> pond, Icel. <ets>d<?/ki</ets> dike, ditch, Dan. <ets>dige</ets>; perh. akin to Gr. <?/ (for <?/) wall, and even E. <ets>dough</ets>; or perh. to Gr. <?/ pool, marsh. Cf. <er>Ditch</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A ditch; a channel for water made by digging.</def>

<blockquote>Little channels or <b>dikes</b> cut to every bed.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An embankment to prevent inundations; a levee.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dikes</b> that the hands of the farmers had raised . . .
Shut out the turbulent tides.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A wall of turf or stone.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A wall-like mass of mineral matter, usually an intrusion of igneous rocks, filling up rents or fissures in the original strata.</def>

<h1>Dike</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Dike</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Diked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Diking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>diken</ets>, <ets>dichen</ets>, AS. <ets>d\'c6cian</ets> to dike. See <er>Dike</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To surround or protect with a dike or dry bank; to secure with a bank.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To drain by a dike or ditch.</def>

<h1>Dike</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Dike</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To work as a ditcher; to dig.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He would thresh and thereto <b>dike</b> and delve.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diker</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Dik"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A ditcher.</def>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who builds stone walls; usually, one who builds them without lime.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Dilacerate</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*lac"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dilacerated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dilacerating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dilaceratus</ets>, p. p.  of <ets>dilacerare</ets> to tear apart; <ets>di- = dis-</ets> + <ets>lacerare</ets> to tear.]</ety> <def>To rend asunder; to tear to pieces.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Dilaceration</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*lac`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dilaceratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dilac\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of rending asunder.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Dilaniate</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*la"ni*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dilaniatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dilaniare</ets> to dilacerate; <ets>di- = dis-</ets> + <ets>laniare</ets> to tear to pieces.]</ety> <def>To rend in pieces; to tear.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Dilaniation</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*la`ni*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rending or tearing in pieces; dilaceration.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dilapidate</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*lap"i*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dilapidated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dilapidating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dilapidare</ets> to scatter like stones; <ets>di- = dis-</ets> + <ets>lapidare</ets> to throw stones, fr. <ets>lapis</ets> a stone. See <er>Lapidary</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring into a condition of decay or partial ruin, by misuse or through neglect; to destroy the fairness and good condition of; -- said of a building.</def>

<blockquote>If the bishop, parson, or vicar, etc., <b>dilapidates</b> the buildings, or cuts down the timber of the patrimony.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To impair by waste and abuse; to squander.</def>

<blockquote>The patrimony of the bishopric of Oxon was much <b>dilapidated</b>.
<i>Wood.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dilapidate</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*lap"i*date</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To get out of repair; to fall into partial ruin; to become decayed; <as>as, the church was suffered to <ex>dilapidate</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Dilapidated</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*lap"i*da`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Decayed; fallen into partial ruin; injured by bad usage or neglect.</def>

<blockquote>A deserted and <b>dilapidated</b> buildings.
<i>Cooper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dilapidation</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*lap`i*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dilapidatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dilapidation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of dilapidating, or the state of being dilapidated, reduced to decay, partially ruined, or squandered.</def>

<blockquote>Tell the people that are relived by the <b>dilapidation</b> of their public estate.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ecclesiastical waste; impairing of church property by an incumbent, through neglect or by intention.</def>

<blockquote>The business of <b>dilapidations</b> came on between our bishop and the Archibishop of York.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The pulling down of a building, or suffering it to fall or be in a state of decay.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Dilapidator</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*lap"i*da`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dilapidateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who causes dilapidation.</def>

<i>Strype.</i>

<h1>Dilatability</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*la`ta*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dilatabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being dilatable, or admitting expansion; -- opposed to <i>contractibility</i>.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Dilatable</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*lat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dilatable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of expansion; that may be dilated; -- opposed to <i>contractible</i>; <as>as, the lungs are <ex>dilatable</ex> by the force of air; air is <ex>dilatable</ex> by heat.</as></def>

<h1>Dilatation</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Dil`a*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dilatacioun</ets>, F. <ets>dilatation</ets>, L. <ets>dilatatio</ets>, fr. <ets>dilatare</ets>. See <er>Dilate</er>, and cf. 2d <er>Dilation</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Prolixity; diffuse discourse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "What needeth greater <i>dilatation</i>?"

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of dilating; expansion; an enlarging on al<?/ sides; the state of being dilated; dilation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A dilation or enlargement of a canal or other organ.</def>

<h1>Dilatator</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Dil`a*ta"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Cf. L. <ets>dilatator</ets> a propagator.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which dilates any part; a dilator.</def>

<h1>Dilate</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*late"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dilated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dilating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dilatare</ets>; either fr. <ets>di-</ets> = <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>latus</ets> wide, not the same word as <ets>latus</ets>, used as p. p. of <ets>ferre</ets> to bear (see <er>Latitude</er>); or fr. <ets>dilatus</ets>, used as p. p. of <ets>differre</ets> to separate (see <er>Delay</er>, <er>Tolerate</er>, <er>Differ</er>, and cf. <er>Dilatory</er>): cf. F. <ets>dilater</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To expand; to distend; to enlarge or extend in all directions; to swell; -- opposed to <i>contract</i>; <as>as, the air <ex>dilates</ex> the lungs; air is <ex>dilated</ex> by increase of heat.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enlarge upon; to relate at large; to tell copiously or diffusely.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Do me the favor to <b>dilate</b> at full
What hath befallen of them and thee till now.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To expand; swell; distend; enlarge; spread out; amplify; expatiate.</syn>

<h1>Dilate</h1>
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<hw>Di*late"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To grow wide; to expand; to swell or extend in all directions.</def>

<blockquote>His heart <b>dilates</b> and glories in his strength.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To speak largely and copiously; to dwell in narration; to enlarge; -- with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<blockquote>But still on their ancient joys <b>dilate</b>.
<i>Crabbe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dilate</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*late"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Extensive; expanded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Dilated</h1>
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<hw>Di*lat"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Expanded; enlarged.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Widening into a lamina or into lateral winglike appendages.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the margin wide and spreading.</def>

<h1>Dilatedly</h1>
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<hw>Di*lat"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dilated manner.</def>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Dilater</h1>
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<hw>Di*lat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, dilates, expands, o r enlarges.</def>

<h1>Dilation</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dilatio</ets>. See <er>Dilatory</er>.]</ety> <def>Delay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Dilation</h1>
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<hw>Di*la"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>dilate</ets>, v., cf. <er>Dilatation</er>, <er>Dilator</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of dilating, or the state of being dilated; expansion; dilatation.</def>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<blockquote>At first her eye with slow <b>dilation</b> rolled.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A gigantic <b>dilation</b> of the hateful figure.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dilative</h1>
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<hw>Di*lat"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing dilation; tending to dilate, on enlarge; expansive.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Dilatometer</h1>
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<hw>Dil`a*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dilate</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the dilatation or expansion of a substance, especially of a fluid.</def>

<h1>Dilator</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Di*lat"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dilate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, widens or expands.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle that dilates any part.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument for expanding a part; <as>as, a urethral <ex>dilator</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Dilatorily</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Dil"a*to*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With delay; tardily.</def>

<h1>Dilatoriness</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Dil"a*to*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being dilatory; lateness; slowness; tardiness; sluggishness.</def>

<h1>Dilatory</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Dil"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dilatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>dilator</ets> a delayer, fr. <ets>dilatus</ets>, used as p. p. of <ets>differe</ets> to defer, delay: cf. F. <ets>dilatoire</ets>. See <er>Dilate</er>, <er>Differ</er>, <er>Defer</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclined to defer or put off what ought to be done at once; given the procrastination; delaying; procrastinating; loitering; <as>as, a <ex>dilatory</ex> servant</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Marked by procrastination or delay; tardy; slow; sluggish; -- said of actions or measures.</def>

<blockquote>Alva, as usual, brought his <b>dilatory</b> policy to bear upon hi<?/ adversary.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Dilatory plea</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a plea designed to create delay in the trial of a cause, generally founded upon some matter not connected with the merits of the case.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Slow; delaying; sluggish; inactive; loitering; behindhand; backward; procrastinating. See <er>Slow</er>.</syn>

<h1>Dildo</h1>
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<hw>Dil"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A burden in popular songs.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Delicate burthens of <b>dildos</b> and fadings.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dildo</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Dil"do</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A columnar cactaceous plant of the West Indies (<spn>Cereus Swartzii</spn>).</def>

<h1>Dilection</h1>
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<hw>Di*lec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dilectio</ets>: <ets>dilection</ets>. See <er>Diligent</er>.]</ety> <def>Love; choice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Martin.</i>

<h1>Dilemma</h1>
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<hw>Di*lem"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dilemma</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/- = <?/ twice + <?/ to take. See <er>Lemma</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>An argument which presents an antagonist with two or more alternatives, but is equally conclusive against him, whichever alternative he chooses.</def>

<note>&hand; The following are instances of the <i>dilemma</i>. A young rhetorician applied to an old sophist to be taught the art of pleading, and bargained for a certain reward to be paid when he should gain a cause. The master sued for his reward, and the scholar endeavored to <?/lude his claim by a <i>dilemma</i>. "If I gain my cause, I shall withhold your pay, because the judge's award will be against you; if I lose it, I may withhold it, because I shall not yet have gained a cause." "On the contrary," says the master, "if you gain your cause, you must pay me, because you are to pay me when you gain a cause; if you lose it, you must pay me, because the judge will award it."</note>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of things in which evils or obstacles present themselves on every side, and it is difficult to determine what course to pursue; a vexatious alternative or predicament; a difficult choice or position.</def>

<blockquote>A strong <b>dilemma</b> in a desperate case!
To act with infamy, or quit the place.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Horns of a dilemma</col>, <cd>alternatives, each of which is equally difficult of encountering.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dilettant</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Dil"et*tant`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to dilettanteism; amateur; <as>as, <ex>dilettant</ex> speculation</as>.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Dilettant</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Dil`et*tant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dilettante.</def>

<blockquote>Though few art lovers can be connoisseurs, many are <b>dilettants</b>.
<i>Fairholt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dilettante</h1>
<Xpage=412>

<hw>Dil`et*tan"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dilettanti</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It., prop. p. pr. of <ets>dillettare</ets> to take delight in, fr. L. <ets>delectare</ets> to delight. See <er>Delight</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>An admirer or lover of the fine arts; popularly, an amateur; especially, one who follows an art or a branch of knowledge, desultorily, or for amusement only.</def>

<hr>
<page="413">
Page 413<p>

<blockquote>The true poet is not an eccentric creature, not a mere artist living only for art, not a dreamer or a <b>dilettante</b>, sipping the nectar of existence, while he keeps aloof from its deeper interests.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dilettanteish</h1>
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<hw>Dil`et*tan"te*ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat like a dilettante.</def>

<h1>Dilettanteism</h1>
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<hw>Dil`et*tan"te*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being a dilettante; the desultory pursuit of art, science, or literature.</def>

<h1>Dilettantish</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Dil`et*tant"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dilettanteish.</def>

<h1>Dilettantism</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Dil`et*tant"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Dilettanteism</er>.</def>

<i>F. Harrison.</i>

<h1>Diligence</h1>
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<hw>Dil"i*gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>diligence</ets>, L. <ets>diligentia</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being diligent; carefulness; careful attention; -- the opposite of <i>negligence</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Interested and persevering application; devoted and painstaking effort to accomplish what is undertaken; assiduity in service.</def>

<blockquote>That which ordinary men are fit for, I am qualified in; and the best of me is <b>diligence</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>Process by which persons, lands, or effects are seized for debt; process for enforcing the attendance of witnesses or the production of writings.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To do one's diligence</col>, <col>give diligence</col>, <col>use diligence</col></mcol>, <cd>to exert one's self; to make interested and earnest endeavor.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>And each of them <b>doth</b> all <b>his diligence</b>
To do unto the fest\'82 reverence.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Attention; industry; assiduity; sedulousness; earnestness; constancy; heed; heedfulness; care; caution. -- <er>Diligence</er>, <er>Industry</er>. <i>Industry</i> has the wider sense of the two, implying an habitual devotion to labor for some valuable end, as knowledge, property, etc. <i>Diligence</i> denotes earnest application to some specific object or pursuit, which more or less directly has a strong hold on one's interests or feelings. A man may be <i>diligent</i> for a time, or in seeking some favorite end, without meriting the title of <i>industrious</i>. Such was the case with Fox, while Burke was eminent not only for <i>diligence</i>, but <i>industry</i>; he was always at work, and always looking out for some new field of mental effort.</syn>

<blockquote>The sweat of <b>industry</b> would dry and die,
But for the end it works to.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Diligence</b> and accuracy are the only merits which an historical writer ascribe to himself.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diligence</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di`li*gence"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A four-wheeled public stagecoach, used in France.</def>

<h1>Diligency</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Dil"i*gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diligentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Diligence; care; persevering endeavor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Diligent</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Dil"i*gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>diligent</ets>, L. <ets>diligens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>diligere</ets>, <ets>dilectum</ets>, to esteem highly, prefer; <ets>di- = dis-</ets> + <ets>legere</ets> to choose. See <er>Legend</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Prosecuted with careful attention and effort; careful; painstaking; not careless or negligent.</def>

<blockquote>The judges shall make <b>diligent</b> inquisition.
<i>Deut. xix. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Interestedly and perseveringly attentive; steady and earnest in application to a subject or pursuit; assiduous; industrious.</def>

<blockquote>Seest thou a man <b>diligent</b> in his business? he shall stand before kings.
<i>Prov. xxii. 29.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Diligent</b> cultivation of elegant literature.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Active; assiduous; sedulous; laborious; persevering; attentive; industrious.</syn>

<h1>Diligently</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Dil"i*gent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a diligent manner; not carelessly; not negligently; with industry or assiduity.</def>

<blockquote>Ye <b>diligently</b> keep commandments of the Lord your God.
<i>Deut. vi. 17.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dill</h1>
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<hw>Dill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS <ets>dile</ets>; akin to D. <ets>dille</ets>, OHG. <ets>tilli</ets>, G. <ets>dill</ets>, <ets>dille</ets>, Sw. <ets>dill</ets>, Dan. <ets>dild</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herb (<spn>Peucedanum graveolens</spn>), the seeds of which are moderately warming, pungent, and aromatic, and were formerly used as a soothing medicine for children; -- called also <altname>dill-seed</altname>.</def><-- now Anethum graveolens -->

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Dill</h1>
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<hw>Dill</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dillen</ets>, fr. <ets>dul</ets> dull, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To still; to calm; to soothe, as one in pain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dilling</h1>
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<hw>Dil"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A darling; a favorite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whilst the birds billing,
Each one with his <b>dilling</b>.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dilluing</h1>
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<hw>Dil*lu"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A process of sorting ore by washing in a hand sieve.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>deluing</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Dilly</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Dil"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>diligence</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of stagecoach.</def> "The Derby <i>dilly</i>."

<i>J. H. Frere.</i>

<h1>Dilly-dally</h1>
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<hw>Dil"ly-dal`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dally</er>.]</ety> <def>To loiter or trifle; to waste time.</def>

<h1>Dilogical</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ambiguous; of double meaning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Adams.</i>

<h1>Dilogy</h1>
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<hw>Dil"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dilogies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>dilogia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ doubtful; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ to speak.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>An ambiguous speech; a figure in which a word is used an equivocal sense.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dilucid</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*lu"cid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dilucidus</ets>, fr. <ets>dilucere</ets> to be light enough to distinguish objects apart. See <er>Lucid</er>.]</ety> <def>Clear; lucid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Bacon</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Di*lu"cid*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wf>Di`lu*cid"i*ty</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Dilucidate</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*lu"ci*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dilucidatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dilucidare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To elucidate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Dilucidation</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*lu`ci*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dilucidatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of making clear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Diluent</h1>
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<hw>Dil"u*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diluens</ets>, p. pr. <ets>diluere</ets>. See <er>Dilute</er>.]</ety> <def>Diluting; making thinner or weaker by admixture, esp. of water.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Diluent</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Dil"u*ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which dilutes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An agent used for effecting dilution of the blood; a weak drink.</def>

<blockquote>There is no real <b>diluent</b> but water.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dilute</h1>
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<hw>Di*lute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Diluted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Diluting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dilutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>diluere</ets> to wash away, dilute; <ets>di- = dis-</ets> + <ets>luere</ets>, equiv. to <ets>lavare</ets> to wash, lave. See <er>Lave</er>, and cf. <er>Deluge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make thinner or more liquid by admixture with something; to thin and dissolve by mixing.</def>

<blockquote>Mix their watery store.
With the chyle's current, and <b>dilute</b> it more.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To diminish the strength, flavor, color, etc., of, by mixing; to reduce, especially by the addition of water; to temper; to attenuate; to weaken.</def>

<blockquote>Lest these colors should be <b>diluted</b> and weakened by the mixture of any adventitious light.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dilute</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*lute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become attenuated, thin, or weak; <as>as, it <ex>dilutes</ex> easily</as>.</def>

<h1>Dilute</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*lute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dilutus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Diluted; thin; weak.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>dilute</b> and waterish exposition.
<i>Hopkins.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diluted</h1>
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<hw>Di*lut"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Reduced in strength; thin; weak.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Di*lut"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Diluteness</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*lute"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being dilute.</def>

<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i>

<h1>Diluter</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*lut"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, dilutes or makes thin, more liquid, or weaker.</def>

<h1>Dilution</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dilution</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of diluting, or the state of being diluted.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Diluvial</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*lu"vi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diluvialis</ets>. fr. <ets>diluvium</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a flood or deluge, esp. to the great deluge in the days of Noah; diluvian.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Effected or produced by a flood or deluge of water; -- said of coarse and imperfectly stratified deposits along ancient or existing water courses. Similar unstratified deposits were formed by the agency of ice. The time of deposition has been called the <i>Diluvian epoch</i>.</def>

<h1>Diluvialist</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*lu"vi*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who explains geological phenomena by the Noachian deluge.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<h1>Diluvian</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*lu"vi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>diluvien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a deluge, esp. to the Noachian deluge; diluvial; <as>as, of <ex>diluvian</ex> origin</as>.</def>

<i>Buckland.</i>

<h1>Diluviate</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*lu"vi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diluviare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To run as a flood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir E. Sandys.</i>

<h1>Diluvium</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*lu"vi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Diluviums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Diluvia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>diluvium</ets>. See <er>Dilute</er>, <er>Deluge</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A deposit of superficial loam, sand, gravel, stones, etc., caused by former action of flowing waters, or the melting of glacial ice.</def>

<note>&hand; The accumulation of matter by the ordinary operation of water is termed <i>alluvium</i>.</note>

<h1>Dim</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Dim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Dimmer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Dimmest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>dim</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>dim</ets>, Icel. <ets>dimmr</ets>: cf. MHG. <ets>timmer</ets>, <ets>timber</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not bright or distinct; wanting luminousness or clearness; obscure in luster or sound; dusky; darkish; obscure; indistinct; overcast; tarnished.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>dim</b> magnificence of poetry.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How is the gold become <b>dim</b>!
<i>Lam. iv. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I never saw
The heavens so <b>dim</b> by day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Three sleepless nights I passed in sounding on,
Through words and things, a <b>dim</b> and perilous way.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of obscure vision; not seeing clearly; hence, dull of apprehension; of weak perception; obtuse.</def>

<blockquote>Mine eye also is <b>dim</b> by reason of sorrow.
<i>Job xvii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The understanding is <b>dim</b>.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Obvious compounds: <i>dim</i>-eyed; <i>dim</i>-sighted, etc.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Obscure; dusky; dark; mysterious; imperfect; dull; sullied; tarnished.</syn>

<h1>Dim</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Dim</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dimmed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dimming</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To render dim, obscure, or dark; to make less bright or distinct; to take away the luster of; to darken; to dull; to obscure; to eclipse.</def>

<blockquote>A king among his courtiers, who <b>dims</b> all his attendants.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now set the sun, and twilight <b>dimmed</b> the ways.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive of distinct vision; to hinder from seeing clearly, either by dazzling or clouding the eyes; to darken the senses or understanding of.</def>

<blockquote>Her starry eyes were <b>dimmed</b> with streaming tears.
<i>C. Pitt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dim</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Dim</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow dim.</def>

<i>J. C. Shairp.</i>

<h1>Dimble</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Dim"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. orig., a cavity, and the same word as <ets>dimple</ets>. See <er>Dimple</er>.]</ety> <def>A bower; a dingle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Dime</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Dime</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'8cme</ets> tithe, OF. <ets>disme</ets>, fr. L. <ets>decimus</ets> the tenth, fr. <ets>decem</ets> ten. See <er>Decimal</er>.]</ety> <def>A silver coin of the United States, of the value of ten cents; the tenth of a dollar.</def>

<cs><col>Dime novel</col>, <cd>a novel, commonly sensational and trashy, which is sold for a dime, or ten cents.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dimension</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*men"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dimensio</ets>, fr. <ets>dimensus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dimetiri</ets> to measure out; <ets>di- = dis-</ets> + <ets>metiri</ets> to measure: cf. F. <ets>dimension</ets>. See <er>Measure</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Measure in a single line, as length, breadth, height, thickness, or circumference; extension; measurement; -- usually, in the plural, measure in length and breadth, or in length, breadth, and thickness; extent; size; <as>as, the <ex>dimensions</ex> of a room, or of a ship; the <ex>dimensions</ex> of a farm, of a kingdom.</as></def>

<blockquote>Gentlemen of more than ordinary <b>dimensions</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Space of dimension</col>, <cd>extension that has length but no breadth or thickness; a straight or curved line.</cd> -- <col>Space of two dimensions</col>, <cd>extension which has length and breadth, but no thickness; a plane or curved surface.</cd> -- <col>Space of three dimensions</col>, <cd>extension which has length, breadth, and thickness; a solid.</cd> -- <col>Space of four dimensions</col>, <cd>as imaginary kind of extension, which is assumed to have length, breadth, thickness, and also a fourth imaginary dimension. Space of five or six, or more dimensions is also sometimes assumed in mathematics.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Extent; reach; scope; importance; <as>as, a project of large <ex>dimensions</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The degree of manifoldness of a quantity; <as>as, time is quantity having one <ex>dimension</ex>; volume has three <ex>dimensions</ex>, relative to extension.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>A literal factor, as numbered in characterizing a term. The term <i>dimensions</i> forms with the cardinal numbers a phrase equivalent to <i>degree</i> with the ordinal; thus, <mathex><it>a<exp>2</exp>b<exp>2</exp>c</it></mathex> is a term of five <i>dimensions</i>, or of the fifth degree.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Phys.)</fld> <def>The manifoldness with which the fundamental units of time, length, and mass are involved in determining the units of other physical quantities. <as>Thus, since the unit of velocity varies directly as the unit of length and inversely as the unit of time, the <ex>dimensions</ex> of velocity are said to be <mathex>length &divby; time</mathex>; the <ex>dimensions</ex> of work are <mathex>mass &times; (length)<exp>2</exp> &divby; (time)<exp>2</exp></mathex>; the <ex>dimensions</ex> of density are <mathex>mass &divby; (length)<exp>3</exp></mathex>.</def>

<-- dimensional lumber -->
<cs><mcol><col>Dimension lumber</col>, <col>Dimension scantling</col>, &or; <col>Dimension stock</col></mcol> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>lumber for building, etc., cut to the sizes usually in demand, or to special sizes as ordered.</cd> -- <col>Dimension stone</col>, <cd>stone delivered from the quarry rough, but brought to such sizes as are requisite for cutting to dimensions given.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dimensional</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*men"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to dimension.</def>

<h1>Dimensioned</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*men"sioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having dimensions.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dimensionless</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*men"sion*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without dimensions; having no appreciable or noteworthy extent.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Dimensity</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*men"si*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dimension.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Dimensive</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*men"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without dimensions; marking dimensions or the limits.</def>

<blockquote>Who can draw the soul's <b>dimensive</b> lines?
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dimera</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Dim"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A division of Coleoptera, having two joints to the tarsi.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A division of the Hemiptera, including the aphids.</def>

<h1>Dimeran</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Dim"er*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Dimera.</def>

<h1>Dimerous</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Dim"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ part.]</ety> <def>Composed of, or having, two parts of each kind.</def>

<note>&hand; A <i>dimerous</i> flower has two sepals, two petals, two stamens, and two pistils.</note>

<h1>Dimeter</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Dim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dimeter</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ measure.]</ety> <def>Having two poetical measures or meters.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A verse of two meters.</def></def2>

<h1>Dimethyl</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*meth"yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>methyl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Ethane; -- sometimes so called because regarded as consisting of two methyl radicals. See <er>Ethane</er>.</def>

<h1>Dimetric</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dimeter</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Tetragonal</er>.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Dimication</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Dim`i*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dimicatio</ets>, fr. <ets>dimicare</ets> to fight.]</ety> <def>A fight; contest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Dimidiate</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*mid"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dimidiatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dimidiare</ets> to halve, fr. <ets>dimidius</ets> half. See <er>Demi-</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Divided into two equal parts; reduced to half in shape or form.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Consisting of only one half of what the normal condition requires; having the appearance of lacking one half; <as>as, a <ex>dimidiate</ex> leaf, which has only one side developed</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having the organs of one side, or half, different in function from the corresponding organs on the other side; <as>as, <ex>dimidiate</ex> hermaphroditism</as>.</def>

<h1>Dimidiate</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*mid"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dimidiated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dimidiating</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To divide into two equal parts.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>To represent the half of; to halve.</def>

<h1>Dimidiation</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*mid`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dimidiatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of dimidiating or halving; the state of being dimidiate.</def>

<h1>Diminish</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*min"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Diminished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Diminishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> (= L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>minish</ets>: cf. L. <ets>diminuere</ets>, F. <ets>diminuer</ets>, OE. <ets>diminuen</ets>. See <er>Dis-</er>, and <er>Minish</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make smaller in any manner; to reduce in bulk or amount; to lessen; -- opposed to <i>augment</i> or <i>increase</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Not <b>diminish</b>, but rather increase, the debt.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lessen the authority or dignity of; to put down; to degrade; to abase; to weaken.</def>

<blockquote>This doth nothing <b>diminish</b> their opinion.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will <b>diminish</b> them, that they shall no more rule over the nations.
<i>Ezek. xxix. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O thou . . . at whose sight all the stars
Hide their <b>diminished</b> heads.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To make smaller by a half step; to make (an interval) less than minor; <as>as, a <ex>diminished</ex> seventh</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To take away; to subtract.</def>

<blockquote>Neither shall ye <b>diminish</b> aught from it.
<i>Deut. iv. 2.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Diminished column</col>, <cd>one whose upper diameter is less than the lower.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Diminished</col>, &or; <col>Diminishing</col>, <col>scale</col></mcol>, <cd>a scale of gradation used in finding the different points for drawing the spiral curve of the volute. <i>Gwilt</i>.</cd> -- <col>Diminishing rule</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a board cut with a concave edge, for fixing the entasis and curvature of a shaft.</cd> -- <col>Diminishing stile</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a stile which is narrower in one part than in another, as in many glazed doors.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To decrease; lessen; abate; reduce; contract; curtail; impair; degrade. See <er>Decrease</er>.</syn>

<h1>Diminish</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*min"ish</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become or appear less or smaller; to lessen; <as>as, the apparent size of an object <ex>diminishes</ex> as we recede from it</as>.</def>

<h1>Diminishable</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*min"ish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being diminished or lessened.</def>

<h1>Diminisher</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*min"ish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, diminishes anything.</def>

<i>Clerke (1637).</i>

<h1>Diminishingly</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*min"ish*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner to diminish.</def>

<h1>Diminishment</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*min"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Diminution.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cheke.</i>

<h1>Diminuendo</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*min`u*en"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[It., p. pr. of <ets>diminuere</ets> to diminish.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In a gradually diminishing manner; with abatement of tone; decrescendo; -- expressed on the staff by <i>Dim</i>., or <i>Dimin</i>., or the sign.</def>

<h1>Diminuent</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Di*min"u*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diminuens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>diminuere</ets>. See <er>Diminish</er>.]</ety> <def>Lessening.</def>

<i>Bp. Sanderson.</i>

<h1>Diminutal</h1>
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<hw>Dim`i*nu"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Indicating or causing diminution.</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Diminute</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Dim"i*nute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Small; diminished; diminutive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Diminutely</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Dim"i*nute*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Diminutively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Diminution</h1>
<Xpage=413>

<hw>Dim`i*nu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diminutio</ets>, or perh. rather <ets>deminutio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>diminution</ets>. See <er>Diminish</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of diminishing, or of making or becoming less; state of being diminished; reduction in size, quantity, or degree; -- opposed to <i>augmentation</i> or <i>increase</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of lessening dignity or consideration, or the state of being deprived of dignity; a lowering in estimation; degradation; abasement.</def>

<blockquote>The world's opinion or <b>diminution</b> of me.
<i>Eikon Basilike.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor thinks it <b>diminution</b> to be ranked
In military honor next.
<i>Philips.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="414">
Page 414<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Omission, inaccuracy, or defect in a record.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In counterpoint, the imitation of, or reply to, a subject, in notes of half the length or value of those the subject itself.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Decrease; decay; abatement; reduction; deduction; decrement.</syn>

<h1>Diminutival</h1>
<Xpage=414>

<hw>Di*min`u*ti"val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Indicating diminution; diminutive.</def> "<i>Diminutival</i> forms" [of words]. <i>Earle</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A diminutive.</def> <i>Earle</i>.</def2>

<h1>Diminutive</h1>
<Xpage=414>

<hw>Di*min"u*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>deminutivus</ets>, F. <ets>diminutif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Below the average size; very small; little.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressing diminution; <as>as, a <ex>diminutive</ex> word</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Tending to diminish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Diminutive</b> of liberty.
<i>Shaftesbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diminutive</h1>
<Xpage=414>

<hw>Di*min"u*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Something of very small size or value; an insignificant thing.</def>

<blockquote>Such water flies, <b>diminutives</b> of nature.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A derivative from a noun, denoting a small or a young object of the same kind with that denoted by the primitive; <as>as, <ex>gosling</ex>, <ex>eaglet</ex>, <ex>lambkin</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Babyisms and dear <b>diminutives</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The word sometimes denotes a derivative verb which expresses a diminutive or petty form of the action, as <i>scribble</i>.</note>

<h1>Diminutively</h1>
<Xpage=414>

<hw>Di*min"u*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a diminutive manner.</def>

<h1>Diminutiveness</h1>
<Xpage=414>

<hw>Di*min"u*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being diminutive; smallness; littleness; minuteness.</def>

<h1>Dimish</h1>
<Xpage=414>

<hw>Dim"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Dimmish</er>.</def>

<h1>Dimission</h1>
<Xpage=414>

<hw>Di*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dimissio</ets>. See <er>Dimit</er>, and cf. <er>Dismission</er>.]</ety> <def>Leave to depart; a dismissing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Dimissory</h1>
<Xpage=414>

<hw>Dim"is*so*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dimissorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dimissoire</ets>. See <er>Dimit</er>.]</ety> <def>Sending away; dismissing to another jurisdiction; granting leave to depart.</def>

<cs><col>Letters dimissory</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>letters given by a bishop dismissing a person who is removing into another diocese, and recommending him for reception there.</cd></cs>

<i>Hook.</i>

<h1>Dimit</h1>
<Xpage=414>

<hw>Di*mit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dimittere</ets> to send away, le<?/ go; <ets>di- = dis-</ets> + <ets>mittere</ets> to send. See <er>Dismiss</er>.]</ety> <def>To dismiss, let go, or release.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dimity</h1>
<Xpage=414>

<hw>Dim"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. Gr. <?/ of double thread, dimity; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ a thread of the warp; prob. through D. <ets>diemet</ets>, of F. <ets>dimite</ets>, <ets>d\'82mitte</ets>. Cf. <er>Samite</er>.]</ety> <def>A cotton fabric employed for hangings and furniture coverings, and formerly used for women's under-garments. It is of many patterns, both plain and twilled, and occasionally is printed in colors.</def>

<h1>Dimly</h1>
<Xpage=414>

<hw>Dim"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dim or obscure manner; not brightly or clearly; with imperfect sight.</def>

<h1>Dimmish, Dimmy</h1>
<Xpage=414>

<hw><hw>Dim"mish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dim"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat dim; <as>as, <ex>dimmish</ex> eyes</as>.</def> "<i>Dimmy</i> clouds."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Dimness</h1>
<Xpage=414>

<hw>Dim"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>dimness</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality <?/ being dim; lack of brightness, clearness, or distinctness; dullness; obscurity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dullness, or want of clearness, of vision or of intellectual perception.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Darkness; obscurity; gloom. See <er>Darkness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Dimorph</h1>
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<hw>Di"morph`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ two-formed; <?/ twice (see <er>Di-</er>) + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Either one of the two forms of a dimorphous substance; <as>as, calcite and aragonite are <ex>dimorphs</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Dimorphic</h1>
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<hw>Di*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the property of dimorphism; dimorphous.</def>

<h1>Dimorphism</h1>
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<hw>Di*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dimorphisme</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Difference of form between members of the same species, as when a plant has two kinds of flowers, both hermaphrodite (as in the partridge berry), or when there are two forms of one or both sexes of the same species of butterfly.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dimorphism</b> is the condition of the appearance of the same species under two dissimilar forms.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Crystallization in two independent forms of the same chemical compound, as of calcium carbonate as calcite and aragonite.</def>

<h1>Dimorphous</h1>
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<hw>Di*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dimorphe</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Characterized by dimorphism; occurring under two distinct forms, not dependent on sex; dimorphic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Crystallizing under two forms fundamentally different, while having the same chemical composition.</def>

<h1>Dimple</h1>
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<hw>Dim"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. a nasalized dim. of <ets>dip</ets>. See <er>Dip</er>, and cf. <er>Dimble</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A slight natural depression or indentation on the surface of some part of the body, esp. on the cheek or chin.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>dimple</b> of her chin.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A slight indentation on any surface.</def>

<blockquote>The garden pool's dark surface . . .
Breaks into <b>dimples</b> small and bright.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dimple</h1>
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<hw>Dim"ple</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dimpled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dimpling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To form dimples; to sink into depressions or little inequalities.</def>

<blockquote>And smiling eddies <b>dimpled</b> on the main.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dimple</h1>
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<hw>Dim"ple</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mark with dimples or dimplelike depressions.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dimplement</h1>
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<hw>Dim"ple*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being dimpled, or marked with gentle depressions.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The ground's most gentle <b>dimplement</b>.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dimply</h1>
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<hw>Dim"ply</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of dimples, or small depressions; dimpled; <as>as, the <ex>dimply</ex> pool</as>.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Dim-sighted</h1>
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<hw>Dim"-sight`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having dim sight; lacking perception. -- <wordforms><wf>Dim"-sight`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<mhw><h1>Dimya, Dimyaria</h1>
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<hw>Dim"y*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dim`y*a"ri*a</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl</plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ = <?/ + <?/ to close.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of lamellibranchiate mollusks having an anterior and posterior adductor muscle, as the common clam. See <er>Bivalve</er>.</def>

<h1>Dimyarian</h1>
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<hw>Dim`y*a"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the Dimya.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Dimya.</def></def2>

<h1>Dimyary</h1>
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<hw>Dim"y*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Dimyarian</er>.</def>

<h1>Din</h1>
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<hw>Din</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>dyne</ets>, <ets>dyn</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>dynr</ets>, and to AS. <ets>dynian</ets> to resound, Icel. <ets>dynja</ets> to pour down like hail or rain; cf. Skr. <ets>dhuni</ets> roaring, a torrent, <ets>dhvan</ets> to sound. Cf. <er>Dun</er> to ask payment.]</ety> <def>Loud, confused, harsh noise; a loud, continuous, rattling or clanging sound; clamor; roar.</def>

<blockquote>Think you a little <b>din</b> can daunt mine ears?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He knew the battle's <b>din</b> afar.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The dust and <b>din</b> and steam of town.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Din</h1>
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<hw>Din</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dinned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dinning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>dynian</ets>. See <er>Din</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike with confused or clanging sound; to stun with loud and continued noise; to harass with clamor; <as>as, to <ex>din</ex> the ears with cries</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To utter with a din; to repeat noisily; to ding.</def>

<blockquote>This hath been often <b>dinned</b> in my ears.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To din into</col>, <cd>to fix in the mind of another by frequent and noisy repetitions.</cd></cs>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Din</h1>
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<hw>Din</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sound with a din; a ding.</def>

<blockquote>The gay viol <b>dinning</b> in the dale.
<i>A. Seward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dinaphthyl</h1>
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<hw>Di*naph"thyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>naphthyl</ets>ene.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, crystalline hydrocarbon, <chform>C20H14</chform>, obtained from naphthylene, and consisting of a doubled naphthylene radical.</def>

<h1>Dinar</h1>
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<hw>Di"nar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>d<?/n\'ber</ets>, from Gr. <?/, fr. L. <ets>denarius</ets>. See <er>Denier</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A petty money of accounts of Persia.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ancient gold coin of the East.</def>

<h1>Dinarchy</h1>
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<hw>Di"nar*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Diarchy</er>.</def>

<h1>Dine</h1>
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<hw>Dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'8cner</ets>, OF. <ets>disner</ets>, LL. <ets>disnare</ets>, contr. fr. an assumed <ets>disjunare</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + an assumed <ets>junare</ets> (OF. <ets>juner</ets>) to fast, for L. <ets>jejunare</ets>, fr. <ets>jejunus</ets> fasting. See <er>Jejune</er>, and cf. <er>Dinner</er>, <er>D<?/jeuner</er>.]</ety> <def>To eat the principal regular meal of the day; to take dinner.</def>

<blockquote>Now can I break my fast, <b>dine</b>, sup, and sleep.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To dine with Duke Humphrey</col>, <cd>to go without dinner; -- a phrase common in Elizabethan literature, said to be from the practice of the poor gentry, who beguiled the dinner hour by a promenade near the tomb of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, in Old Saint Paul's.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dine</h1>
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<hw>Dine</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To give a dinner to; to furnish with the chief meal; to feed; <as>as, to <ex>dine</ex> a hundred men</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A table massive enough to have <b>dined</b> Johnnie Armstrong and his merry men.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dine upon; to have to eat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "What will ye <i>dine</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Diner</h1>
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<hw>Din"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dines.</def>

<h1>Diner-out</h1>
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<hw>Din"er-out`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who often takes his dinner away from home, or in company.</def>

<blockquote>A brilliant <b>diner-out</b>, though but a curate.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dinetical</h1>
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<hw>Di*net"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to whirl round.]</ety> <def>Revolving on an axis.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Ding</h1>
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<hw>Ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dinged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Dang</er> (<mark>Obs</mark>.), or <er>Dung</er> (<mark>Obs</mark>.); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dinging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>dingen</ets>, <ets>dengen</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>dencgan</ets> to knock, Icel. <ets>dengja</ets> to beat, hammer, Sw. <ets>d\'84nga</ets>, G. <ets>dengeln</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To dash; to throw violently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>ding</b> the book a coit's distance from him.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to sound or ring.</def>

<cs><col>To ding (anything) in one's ears</col>, <cd>to impress one by noisy repetition, as if by hammering.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ding</h1>
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<hw>Ding</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike; to thump; to pound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Diken, or delven, or <b>dingen</b> upon sheaves.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sound, as a bell; to ring; to clang.</def>

<blockquote>The fretful tinkling of the convent bell evermore <b>dinging</b> among the mountain echoes.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To talk with vehemence, importunity, or reiteration; to bluster.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Ding</h1>
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<hw>Ding</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thump or stroke, especially of a bell.</def>

<h1>Dingdong</h1>
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<hw>Ding"dong`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ding</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The sound of, or as of, repeated strokes on a metallic body, as a bell; a repeated and monotonous sound.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Horol.)</fld> <def>An attachment to a clock by which the quarter hours are struck upon bells of different tones.</def>

<h1>Dingey, Dingy, Dinghy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Din"gey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Din"gy</hw>, <hw>Din"ghy</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Bengalee <ets>dingi</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of boat used in the East Indies.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dinghey</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Malcom.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A ship's smallest boat.</def>

<h1>Dingily</h1>
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<hw>Din"gi*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dingy manner.</def>

<h1>Dinginess</h1>
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<hw>Din"gi*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being dingy; a dusky hue.</def>

<h1>Dingle</h1>
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<hw>Din"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain origin: cf. AS. <ets>ding</ets> prison; or perh. akin to <ets>dimble</ets>.]</ety> <def>A narrow dale; a small dell; a small, secluded, and embowered valley.</def>

<h1>Dingle-dangle</h1>
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<hw>Din"gle-dan`gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dangling manner.</def>

<h1>Dingo</h1>
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<hw>Din"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wild dog found in Australia, but supposed to have introduced at a very early period. It has a wolflike face, bushy tail, and a reddish brown color.</def>

<h1>Dingthrift</h1>
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<hw>Ding"thrift`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A spendthrift.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Wilt thou, therefore, a drunkard be,
A <b>dingthrift</b> and a knave?
<i>Drant.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dingy</h1>
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<hw>Din"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Dingier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Dingiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>dung</ets>. Cf. <er>Dungy</er>.]</ety> <def>Soiled; sullied; of a dark or dusky color; dark brown; dirty.</def> "Scraps of <i>dingy</i> paper."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Dinichthys</h1>
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<hw>Di*nich"thys</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ terrible + <?/ fish.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of large extinct Devonian ganoid fishes. In some parts of Ohio remains of the Dinichthys are abundant, indicating animals twenty feet in length.</def>

<h1>Dining</h1>
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<hw>Din"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <def>from <er>Dine</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<note>&hand; Used either adjectively or as the first part of a compound; as, <i>dining</i> hall or <i>dining</i>-hall, <i>dining</i> room, <i>dining</i> table, etc.</note>

<h1>Dink</h1>
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<hw>Dink</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Trim; neat.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark> <i>Burns</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Dink"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dink</h1>
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<hw>Dink</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deck; -- often with <i>out</i> or <i>up</i>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Dinmont</h1>
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<hw>Din"mont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wether sheep between one and two years old.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Dinner</h1>
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<hw>Din"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'8cner</ets>, fr. <ets>d\'8cner</ets> to dine. See <er>Dine</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The principal meal of the day, eaten by most people about midday, but by many (especially in cities) at a later hour.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An entertainment; a feast.</def>

<blockquote>A grand political <b>dinner</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Dinner</i> is much used, in an obvious sense, either adjectively or as the first part of a compound; as, <i>dinner</i> time, or <i>dinner</i>-time, <i>dinner</i> bell, <i>dinner</i> hour, etc.</note>

<h1>Dinnerless</h1>
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<hw>Din"ner*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no dinner.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Dinnerly</h1>
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<hw>Din"ner*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to dinner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>dinnerly</b> officer.
<i>Copley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dinoceras</h1>
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<hw>Di*noc"e*ras</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ terrible + <?/, <?/, horn.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of large extinct Eocene mammals from Wyoming; -- called also <altname>Uintatherium</altname>. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<note>&hand; They were herbivorous, and remarkable for three pairs of hornlike protuberances on the skull. The males were armed with a pair of powerful canine tusks.</note>

<h1>Dinornis</h1>
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<hw>Di*nor"nis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ terrible + <?/ bird.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of extinct, ostrichlike birds of gigantic size, which formerly inhabited New Zealand. See <er>Moa</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Deinornis</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Dinosaur, Dinosaurian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di"no*saur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di`no*sau"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ terrible + <?/ lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>One of the Dinosauria.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>deinosaur</asp>, and <asp>deinosaurian</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Dinosauria</h1>
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<hw>Di`no*sau"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ terrible + <?/ lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An order of extinct mesozoic reptiles, mostly of large size (whence the name). Notwithstanding their size, they present birdlike characters in the skeleton, esp. in the pelvis and hind limbs. Some walked on their three-toed hind feet, thus producing the large "bird tracks," so-called, of mesozoic sandstones; others were five-toed and quadrupedal. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Compsognathus</er>, also <i>Illustration</i> of <i>Dinosaur</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Dinothere, Dinotherium</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di"no*there</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di`no*the"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>dinotherium</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ terrible + <?/ beast.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A large extinct proboscidean mammal from the miocene beds of Europe and Asia. It is remarkable fora pair of tusks directed downward from the decurved apex of the lower jaw.</def>

<h1>Dinoxide</h1>
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<hw>Din*ox"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Dioxide</er>.</def>

<h1>Dinsome</h1>
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<hw>Din"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of din.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Dint</h1>
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<hw>Dint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dint</ets>, <ets>dent</ets>, <ets>dunt</ets>, a blow, AS. <ets>dynt</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>dyntr</ets> a dint, <ets>dynta</ets> to dint, and perh. to L. <ets>fendere</ets> (in composition). Cf. 1st <er>Dent</er>, <er>Defend</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A blow; a stroke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Mortal <i>dint</i>." <i>Milton</i>. "Like thunder's <i>dint</i>."

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The mark left by a blow; an indentation or impression made by violence; a dent.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Every <b>dint</b> a sword had beaten in it [the shield].
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Force; power; -- esp. in the phrase <i>by dint of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Now you weep; and, I perceive, you feel
The <b>dint</b> of pity.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It was by <b>dint</b> of passing strength
That he moved the massy stone at length.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dint</h1>
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<hw>Dint</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dinted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dinting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a mark or cavity on or in, by a blow or by pressure; to dent.</def>

<i>Donne. Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Dinumeration</h1>
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<hw>Di*nu`mer*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dinumeratio</ets>; <ets>di- = dis-</ets> + <ets>numerare</ets> to count, fr. <ets>numerus</ets> number.]</ety> <def>Enumeration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bullokar.</i>

<h1>Diocesan</h1>
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<hw>Di*oc"e*san</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>dioecesanus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dioc\'82sain</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a diocese; <as>as, <ex>diocesan</ex> missions</as>.</def>

<h1>Diocesan</h1>
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<hw>Di*oc"e*san</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A bishop, viewed in relation to his diocese; <as>as, the <ex>diocesan</ex> of New York</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The clergy or the people of a diocese.</def>

<i>Strype.</i>

<h1>Diocese</h1>
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<hw>Di"o*cese</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dioceses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>diocise</ets>, OF. <ets>diocise</ets>, F. <ets>dioc\'82se</ets>, L. <ets>dioecesis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ housekeeping, administration, a province, a diocese, fr. <?/ to keep house, manage; <?/ through + <?/ to manage a household, <?/ a house. See <er>Economy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The circuit or extent of a bishop's jurisdiction; the district in which a bishop exercises his ecclesiastical authority.</def> <altsp>[Frequently, but improperly, spelt <asp>diocess</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Diocesener</h1>
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<hw>Di`o*ce"se*ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who belongs to a diocese.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Diodon</h1>
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<hw>Di"o*don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/, <?/, a tooth: cf. F. <ets>diodon</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of spinose, plectognath fishes, having the teeth of each jaw united into a single beaklike plate. They are able to inflate the body by taking in air or water, and, hence, are called <i>globefishes</i>, <i>swellfishes</i>, etc. <i>fishes</i>, and <i>sea hedgehogs</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of whales.</def>

<h1>Diodont</h1>
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<hw>Di"o*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the genus Diodon.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A fish of the genus Diodon, or an allied genus.</def></def2>

<hr>
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Page 415<p>

<h1>Di\'d2cia</h1>
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<hw>Di*\'d2"ci*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ = <?/  twice + <?/ a house.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an class of plants having the stamens and pistils on different plants.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A subclass of gastropod mollusks in which the sexes are separate. It includes most of the large marine species, like the conchs, cones, and cowries.</def>

<h1>Di\'d2cian, Di\'d2cious</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di*\'d2"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di*\'d2"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having the sexes in applied to plants in which the female flowers occur on one individual and the male flowers on another of the same species, and to animals in which the ovum is produced by one individual and the sperm cell by another; -- opposed to <i>mon\'d2cious</i>.</def>

<h1>Di\'d2ciously</h1>
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<hw>Di*\'d2"cious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>In a di\'d2cious manner.</def>

<cs><col>Di\'d2ciously hermaphrodite</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>having flowers structurally perfect, but practically di\'d2cious, -- those on one plant producing no pollen, and those on another no ovules.</cd></cs>

<h1>Di\'d2ciousness</h1>
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<hw>Di*\'d2"cious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The state or quality of being di\'d2cious.</def>

<h1>Di\'d2cism</h1>
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<hw>Di*\'d2"cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The condition of being di\'d2cious.</def>

<h1>Diogenes</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Di*og"e*nes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Greek Cynic philosopher (412?-323 <sc>B. C.</sc>) who lived much in Athens and was distinguished for contempt of the common aims and conditions of life, and for sharp, caustic sayings.</def>

<cs><col>Diogenes' crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of terrestrial hermit crabs (<spn>Cenobita Diogenes</spn>), abundant in the West Indies and often destructive to crops.</cd> -- <col>Diogenes' tub</col>, <cd>the tub which the philosopher Diogenes is said to have carried about with him as his house, in which he lived.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dioicous</h1>
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<hw>Di*oi"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Di\'d2cious</er>.</def>

<h1>Diomedea</h1>
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<hw>Di*om`e*de"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of large sea birds, including the albatross. See <er>Albatross</er>.</def>

<h1>Dion\'91a</h1>
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<hw>Di`o*n\'91"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a name of Aphrodite.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An insectivorous plant. See <er>Venus's flytrap</er>.</def>

<h1>Dionysian</h1>
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<hw>Di`o*ny"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to Dionysius, a monk of the 6th century; <as>as, the <ex>Dionysian</ex>, or Christian, era</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Dionysian period</col>, <cd>a period of 532 years, depending on the cycle of the sun, or 28 years, and the cycle of the moon, or 19 years; -- sometimes called the <i>Greek paschal cycle<i>, or <i>Victorian period<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diophantine</h1>
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<hw>Di`o*phan"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Originated or taught by Diophantus, the Greek writer on algebra.</def>

<cs><col>Diophantine analysis</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>that branch of indeterminate analysis which has for its object the discovery of rational values that satisfy given equations containing squares or cubes; as, for example, to find values of <i>x<i> and <i>y<i> which make <mathex>x<exp>2</exp> + y<exp>2</exp></mathex> an exact square.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diopside</h1>
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<hw>Di*op"side</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ a sight, fr. the root of <?/ I shall see: cf. F. <ets>diopside</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A crystallized variety of pyroxene, of a clear, grayish green color; mussite.</def>

<h1>Dioptase</h1>
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<hw>Di*op"tase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ through + <?/ to see: cf. F. <ets>dioptase</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous silicate of copper, occurring in emerald-green crystals.</def>

<h1>Diopter, Dioptra</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di*op"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di*op"tra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dioptra</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See 2d <er>Dioptric</er>.]</ety> <def>An optical instrument, invented by Hipparchus, for taking altitudes, leveling, etc.</def>

<h1>Dioptre</h1>
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<hw>Di*op"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See 2d <er>Dioptric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Optics)</fld> <def>A unit employed by oculists in numbering glasses according to the metric system; a refractive power equal to that of a glass whose principal focal distance is one meter.</def>

<h1>Dioptric</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Di*op"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Optics)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the dioptre, or to the metric system of numbering glasses.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A dioptre. See <er>Dioptre</er>.</def></def2>

<h1>Dioptric, Dioptrical</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw><hw>Di*op"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di*op"tric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ belonging to the use of the <?/; <?/ = <?/ through + the root of <?/ I shall see: cf. F. <ets>dioptrique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to dioptrics; assisting vision by means of the refraction of light; refractive; <as>as, the <ex>dioptric</ex> system; a <ex>dioptric</ex> glass or telescope.</as></def> "<i>Dioptrical</i> principles."

<i>Nichol.</i>

<cs><col>Dioptric curve</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a Cartesian oval. See under <er>Cartesian</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dioptrics</h1>
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<hw>Di*op"trics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ <?/: cf. F. <ets>dioptrique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Optics)</fld> <def>The science of the refraction of light; that part of geometrical optics which treats of the laws of the refraction of light in passing from one medium into another, or through different mediums, as air, water, or glass, and esp. through different lenses; -- distinguished from <i>catoptrics</i>, which refers to <i>reflected</i> light.</def>

<h1>Dioptry</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Di*op"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Optics)</fld> <def>A dioptre.</def>

<h1>Diorama</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Di`o*ra"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to see through; <?/ = <?/ through + <?/ to see; cf. <?/ that which is seen, a sight: cf. F. <ets>diorama</ets>. Cf. <er>Panorama</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A mode of scenic representation, invented by Daguerre and Bouton, in which a painting is seen from a distance through a large opening. By a combination of transparent and opaque painting, and of transmitted and reflected light, and by contrivances such as screens and shutters, much diversity of scenic effect is produced.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A building used for such an exhibition.</def>

<h1>Dioramic</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Di`o*ram"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a diorama.</def>

<h1>Diorism</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Di"o*rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to distinguish; <?/ = <?/ through + <?/ to divide from, fr. <?/ a boundary.]</ety> <def>Definition; logical direction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Dioristic</h1>
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<hw>Di`o*ris"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Distinguishing; distinctive; defining.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Di`o*ris"tic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Diorite</h1>
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<hw>Di"o*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>diorite</ets>. See <er>Diorism</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An igneous, crystalline in structure, consisting essentially of a triclinic feldspar and hornblende. It includes part of what was called greenstone.</def>

<h1>Dioritic</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Di`o*rit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing diorite.</def>

<h1>Diorthotic</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Di`or*thot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ = <?/ + <?/ to set straight.]</ety> <def>Relating to the correcting or straightening out of something; corrective.</def>

<h1>Dioscorea</h1>
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<hw>Di`os*co"re*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Named after <ets>Dioscorides</ets> the Greek physician.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants. See <er>Yam</er>.</def>

<h1>Diota</h1>
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<hw>Di*o"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ two-handled; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/, <?/, ear, handle.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A vase or drinking cup having two handles or ears.</def>

<h1>Dioxide</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Di*ox"ide</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>oxide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An oxide containing two atoms of oxygen in each molecule; binoxide.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An oxide containing but one atom or equivalent of oxygen to two of a metal; a suboxide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Carbon dioxide</col>. <cd>See <cref>Carbonic acid</cref>, under <er>Carbonic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dioxindol</h1>
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<hw>Di`ox*in"dol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>ox</ets>ygen + <ets>indol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance obtained by the reduction of isatin. It is a member of the indol series; -- hence its name.</def>

<h1>Dip</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Dip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dipped</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Dipt</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dipping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>dippen</ets>, <ets>duppen</ets>, AS. <ets>dyppan</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>dyppe</ets>, Sw. <ets>doppa</ets>, and to AS. <ets>d<?/pan</ets> to baptize, OS. <ets>d<?/pian</ets>, D. <ets>doopen</ets>, G. <ets>taufen</ets>, Sw. <ets>d\'94pa</ets>, Goth. <ets>daupjan</ets>, Lith. <ets>dubus</ets> deep, hollow, OSlav. <ets>dupl<?/</ets> hollow, and to E. <ets>dive</ets>. Cf. <er>Deep</er>, <er>Dive</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To plunge or immerse; especially, to put for a moment into a liquid; to insert into a fluid and withdraw again.</def>

<blockquote>The priest shall <b>dip</b> his finger in the blood.
<i>Lev. iv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[Wat'ry fowl] now <b>dip</b> their pinions in the briny deep.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>While the prime swallow <b>dips</b> his wing.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To immerse for baptism; to baptize by immersion.</def>

<i>Book of Common Prayer. Fuller.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To wet, as if by immersing; to moisten.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>A cold shuddering dew
<b>Dips</b> me all o'er.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To plunge or engage thoroughly in any affair.</def>

<blockquote>He was . . . <b>dipt</b> in the rebellion of the Commons.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To take out, by dipping a dipper, ladle, or other receptacle, into a fluid and removing a part; -- often with <i>out</i>; <as>as, to <ex>dip</ex> water from a boiler; to <ex>dip</ex> out water.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To engage as a pledge; to mortgage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Live on the use and never <b>dip</b> thy lands.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Dipped candle</col>, <cd>a candle made by repeatedly dipping a wick in melted tallow.</cd> -- <col>To dip snuff</col>, <cd>to take snuff by rubbing it on the gums and teeth.</cd> <mark>[Southern U. S.]</mark> -- <col>To dip the colors</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to lower the colors and return them to place; -- a form of naval salute.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dip</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Dip</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To immerse one's self; to become plunged in a liquid; to sink.</def>

<blockquote>The sun's rim <b>dips</b>; the stars rush out.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To perform the action of plunging some receptacle, as a dipper, ladle. etc.; into a liquid or a soft substance and removing a part.</def>

<blockquote>Whoever <b>dips</b> too deep will find death in the pot.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pierce; to penetrate; -- followed by <i>in</i> or <i>into</i>.</def>

<blockquote>When I <b>dipt</b> into the future.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To enter slightly or cursorily; to engage one's self desultorily or by the way; to partake limitedly; -- followed by <i>in</i> or <i>into</i>.</def> "<i>Dipped</i> into a multitude of books."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To incline downward from the plane of the horizon; <as>as, strata of rock <ex>dip</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To dip snuff.</def> <mark>[Southern U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Dip</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Dip</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The action of dipping or plunging for a moment into a liquid.</def> "The <i>dip</i> of oars in unison."

<i>Glover.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inclination downward; direction below a horizontal line; slope; pitch.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A liquid, as a sauce or gravy, served at table with a ladle or spoon.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A dipped candle.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Marryat.</i>

<cs><col>Dip of the horizon</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the angular depression of the seen or visible horizon below the true or natural horizon; the angle at the eye of an observer between a horizontal line and a tangent drawn from the eye to the surface of the ocean.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Dip of the needle</col>, &or; <col>Magnetic dip</col></mcol>, <cd>the angle formed, in a vertical plane, by a freely suspended magnetic needle, or the line of magnetic force, with a horizontal line; -- called also <altname>inclination</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Dip of a stratum</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>its greatest angle of inclination to the horizon, or that of a line perpendicular to its direction or strike; -- called also the <altname>pitch</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dipaschal</h1>
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<hw>Di*pas"chal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>paschal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Including two passovers.</def>

<i>Carpenter.</i>

<h1>Dipchick</h1>
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<hw>Dip"chick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dabchick</er>.</def>

<h1>Dipetalous</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Di*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>petalous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two petals; two-petaled.</def>

<h1>Diphenyl</h1>
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<hw>Di*phe"nyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>phenyl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline substance, <chform>C6H5.C6H5</chform>, obtained by leading benzene through a heated iron tube. It consists of two benzene or phenyl radicals united.</def>

<h1>Diphtheria</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Diph*the"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ leather (hence taken in the sense of <ets>membrane</ets>): cf. <?/ to make soft, L. <ets>depsere</ets> to knead.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A very dangerous contagious disease in which the air passages, and especially the throat, become coated with a false membrane, produced by the solidification of an inflammatory exudation. Cf. <er>Group</er>.</def>

<h1>Diphtherial, Diphtheric</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw><hw>Diph*the"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Diph*ther"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to diphtheria; diphtheritic.</def>

<h1>Diphtheritic</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Diph`the*rit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or connected with, diphtheria.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having characteristics resembling those of diphtheria; <as>as, <ex>diphtheritic</ex> inflammation of the bladder</as>.</def>

<h1>Diphthong</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Diph"thong</hw> <tt>(?; 115, 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diphthongus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ voice, sound, fr. <?/ to utter a sound: cf. F. <ets>diphthongue</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Ortho\'89py)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A coalition or union of two vowel sounds pronounced in one syllable; as, <i>ou</i> in <i>out</i>, <i>oi</i> in <i>noise</i>; -- called a <stype>proper diphthong</stype>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A vowel digraph; a union of two vowels in the same syllable, only one of them being sounded; as, <i>ai</i> in <i>rain</i>, <i>eo</i> in <i>people</i>; -- called an <stype>improper diphthong</stype>.</def>

<h1>Diphthong</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Diph"thong</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form or pronounce as a diphthong; diphthongize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Diphthongal</h1>
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<hw>Diph*thon"gal</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating or belonging to a diphthong; having the nature of a diphthong.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Diph*thon"gal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Diphthongalize</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Diph*thon"gal*ize</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make into a diphthong; to pronounce as a diphthong.</def>

<h1>Diphthongation</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Diph`thon*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Diphthongization</er>.</def>

<h1>Diphthongic</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Diph*thong"ic</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of diphthong; diphthongal.</def>

<i>H. Sweet.</i>

<h1>Diphthongization</h1>
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<hw>Diph`thong*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of changing into a diphthong.</def>

<i>H. Sweet.</i>

<h1>Diphthongize</h1>
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<hw>Diph"thong*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To change into a diphthong, as by affixing another vowel to a simple vowel.</def> "The <i>diphthongized</i> long vowels."

<i>H. Sweet.</i>

<h1>Diphycercal</h1>
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<hw>Diph`y*cer"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ double (<?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ to produce) + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the tail fin divided into two equal parts by the notochord, or end of the vertebral column; protocercal. See <er>Protocercal</er>.</def>

<h1>Diphygenic</h1>
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<hw>Diph`y*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of doubl<?/ from + <ets>-genic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two modes of embryonic development.</def>

<h1>Diphyllous</h1>
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<hw>Diph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ leaf: cf. F. <ets>diphylle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two leaves, as a calyx, etc.</def>

<h1>Diphyodont</h1>
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<hw>Diph"y*o*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ double (<?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ to produce) + <?/, <?/, tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having two successive sets of teeth (deciduous and permanent), one succeeding the other; <as>as, a <ex>diphyodont</ex> mammal; <ex>diphyodont</ex> dentition</as>; -- opposed to <contr>monophyodont</contr>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An animal having two successive sets of teeth.</def></def2>

<h1>Diphyozooid</h1>
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<hw>Diph`y*o*zo"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of double from + E. <ets>zooid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the free-swimming sexual zooids of Siphonophora.</def>

<h1>Diplanar</h1>
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<hw>Di*pla"nar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>plane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to two planes.</def>

<h1>Dipleidoscope</h1>
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<hw>Di*plei"do*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ double + <?/ image + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An instrument for determining the time of apparent noon. It consists of two mirrors and a plane glass disposed in the form of a prism, so that, by the reflections of the sun's rays from their surfaces, two images are presented to the eye, moving in opposite directions, and coinciding at the instant the sun's center is on the meridian.</def>

<h1>Diploblastic</h1>
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<hw>Dip`lo*blas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ doublet + <ets>-blast + -ic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Characterizing the ovum when it has two primary germinal layers.</def>

<h1>Diplocardiac</h1>
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<hw>Dip`lo*car"di*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ double + E. <ets>cardiac</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the heart completely divided or double, one side systemic, the other pulmonary.</def>

<h1>Diplococcus</h1>
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<hw>Dip`lo*coc"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Diplococci</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ twofold + <?/ grain, seed.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A form of micrococcus in which cocci are united in a binary manner. See <er>Micrococcus</er>.</def>

<h1>Diplo\'89</h1>
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<hw>Dip"lo*\'89</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ fold, fr. <?/ twofold, double.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The soft, spongy, or cancellated substance between the plates of the skull.</def>

<h1>Diploetic</h1>
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<hw>Dip`lo*et"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Diploic.</def>

<h1>Diplogenic</h1>
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<hw>Dip`lo*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ double + the root of <?/ to produce.]</ety> <def>Partaking of the nature of two bodies; producing two substances.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Diploic</h1>
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<hw>Di*plo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the diplo\'89.</def>

<h1>Diploid</h1>
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<hw>Dip"loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ twofold + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A solid bounded by twenty-four similar quadrilateral faces. It is a hemihedral form of the hexoctahedron.</def>

<h1>Diploma</h1>
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<hw>Di*plo"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Diplomas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to double, fr. <?/ twofold. See <er>Double</er>.]</ety> <def>A letter or writing, usually under seal, conferring some privilege, honor, or power; a document bearing record of a degree conferred by a literary society or educational institution.</def>

<h1>Diplomacy</h1>
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<hw>Di*plo"ma*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>diplomatie</ets>. This word, like <ets>supremacy</ets>, retains the accent of its original. See <er>Diploma</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The art and practice of conducting negotiations between nations (particularly in securing treaties), including the methods and forms usually employed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dexterity or skill in securing advantages; tact.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The body of ministers or envoys resident at a court; the diplomatic body.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Diplomat, Diplomate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dip"lo*mat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dip"lo*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>diplomate</ets>.]</ety> <def>A diplomatist.</def>

<h1>Diplomate</h1>
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<hw>Dip"lo*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To invest with a title o<?/ privilege by diploma.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Diplomatial</h1>
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<hw>Dip`lo*ma"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Diplomatic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Diplomatic, Diplomatical</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw><hw>Dip`lo*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dip`lo*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>diplomatique</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to diplomacy; relating to the foreign ministers at a court, who are called the <i>diplomatic body</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by tact and shrewdness; dexterous; artful; <as>as, <ex>diplomatic</ex> management</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pertaining to diplomatics; paleographic.</def>

<i>Astle.</i>

<h1>Diplomatic</h1>
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<hw>Dip`lo*mat"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A minister, official agent, or envoy to a foreign court; a diplomatist.</def>

<h1>Diplomatically</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Dip`lo*mat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to the rules of diplomacy; in the manner of a diplomatist; artfully.</def>

<h1>Diplomatic</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Dip`lo*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of diplomas, or the art of deciphering ancient writings, and determining their age, authenticity, etc.; paleography.</def>

<h1>Diplomatism</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Di*plo"ma*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Diplomacy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Diplomatist</h1>
<Xpage=415>

<hw>Di*plo"ma*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>diplomatiste</ets> a student of diplomatics.]</ety> <def>A person employed in, or skilled in, diplomacy; a diplomat.</def>

<blockquote>In ability, Avaux had no superior among the numerous able <b>diplomatics</b> whom his country then possessed.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diplopia, Diplopy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di*plo"pi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dip"lo*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>diplopia</ets>, from Gr. <?/ double + the root of <?/ sight: cf. F. <ets>diplopie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act or state of seeing double.</def>

<note>&hand; In <i>crossed</i> or <i>heteronymous diplopia</i> the image seen by the right eye is upon the left hand, and that seen by the left eye is upon the right hand. In <i>homonymous diplopia</i> the image seen by the right eye is on the right side, that by the left eye on the left side. In <i>vertical diplopia</i> one image stands above the other.</note>

<hr>
<page="416">
Page 416<p>

<h1>Diplopod</h1>
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<hw>Dip"lo*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Diplopoda.</def>

<h1>Diplopoda</h1>
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<hw>Di*plop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ double + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of myriapods having two pairs of legs on each segment; the Chilognatha.</def>

<h1>Diplostemonous</h1>
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<hw>Dip`lo*stem"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ double + <?/ the warp, a thread.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having twice as many stamens as petals, as the geranium.</def>

<i>R. Brown.</i>

<h1>Diplostemony</h1>
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<hw>Dip`lo*stem"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The condition of being diplostemonous.</def>

<h1>Dipneumona</h1>
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<hw>Dip*neu"mo*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ = <?/ lung.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of spiders having only two lunglike organs.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Dipneumones</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Dipnoi</h1>
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<hw>Dip"no*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ <?/ with two breathing apertures; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ breath.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of ganoid fishes, including the living genera <spn>Ceratodus</spn> and <spn>Lepidosiren</spn>, which present the closest approximation to the Amphibia. The air bladder acts as a lung, and the nostrils open inside the mouth. See <er>Ceratodus</er>, and <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Dipody</h1>
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<hw>Dip"o*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dipodies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ two-footed; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Two metrical feet taken together, or included in one measure.</def>

<i>Hadley.</i>

<blockquote>Trochaic, iambic, and anapestic verses . . . are measured by <b>dipodies</b>.
<i>W. W. Goodwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dipolar</h1>
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<hw>Di*po"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pre. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>polar</ets>. Cf. <er>Bipolar</er>.]</ety> <def>Having two poles, as a magnetic bar.</def>

<h1>Dippel's oil</h1>
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<hw>Dip"pel's oil`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <ety>[From the name of the inventor.]</ety> <def>See <cref>Bone oil</cref>, under <er>Bone</er>.</def>

<h1>Dipper</h1>
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<hw>Dip"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, dips; especially, a vessel used to dip water or other liquid; a ladle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small grebe; the dabchick</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The buffel duck</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The water ouzel (<spn>Cinolus aquaticus</spn>) of Europe</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The American dipper or ouzel (<spn>Cinclus Mexicanus</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>The Dipper</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the seven principal stars in the constellation of the Great Bear; popularly so called from their arrangement in the form of a dipper; -- called also <altname>Charles's Wain</altname>. See <cref>Ursa Major</cref>, under <er>Ursa</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dipping</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Dip"ping</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of immersing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of inclining downward.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of lifting or moving a liquid with a dipper, ladle, or the like.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The process of cleaning or brightening sheet metal or metalware, esp. brass, by dipping it in acids, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The practice of taking snuff by rubbing the teeth or gums with a stick or brush dipped in snuff.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Dipping needle</col>, <cd>a magnetic needle suspended at its center of gravity, and moving freely in a vertical plane, so as to indicate on a graduated circle the magnetic dip or inclination.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diprismatic</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Di`pris*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Prefix <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>prismatic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Doubly prismatic.</def>

<h1>Dipropargyl</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Di`pro*par"gyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prefix <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>propargyl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A pungent, mobile, volatile liquid, <chform>C6H6</chform>, produced artificially from certain allyl derivatives. Though isomeric with benzine, it is very different in its chemical relations. Called also <altname>dipropinyl</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dipropyl</h1>
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<hw>Di*pro"pyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>propyl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the hexane paraffins, found in petroleum, consisting of two propyl radicals. See <er>Hexane</er>.</def>

<h1>Diprotodon</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Di*pro"to*don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ first + <?/, <?/, tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct Quaternary marsupial from Australia, about as large as the hippopotamus; -- so named because of its two large front teeth. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Dipsas</h1>
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<hw>Dip"sas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ thirst.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A serpent whose bite was fabled to produce intense thirst.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of harmless colubrine snakes.</def>

<h1>Dipsetic</h1>
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<hw>Dip*set"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Tending to produce thirst.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Dipsomania</h1>
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<hw>Dip`so*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ thirst + <?/ mania.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid an uncontrollable craving (often periodic) for drink, esp. for alcoholic liquors; also improperly used to denote acute and chronic alcoholism.</def>

<h1>Dipsomaniac</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Dip`so*ma"ni*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who has an irrepressible desire for alcoholic drinks.</def>

<h1>Dipsomaniacal</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Dip`so*ma*ni"a*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to dipsomania.</def>

<h1>Dipsosis</h1>
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<hw>Dip*so"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ thirst.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Excessive thirst produced by disease.</def>

<h1>Diptera</h1>
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<hw>Dip"te*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ with two wings, <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ feather, wing: cf. F. <ets>dipt\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive order of insects having only two functional wings and two balancers, as the house fly, mosquito, etc. They have a suctorial proboscis, often including two pairs of sharp organs (mandibles and maxill\'91) with which they pierce the skin of animals. They undergo a complete metamorphosis, their larv\'91 (called maggots) being usually without feet.</def>

<h1>Dipteral</h1>
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<hw>Dip"ter*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two wings only; belonging to the order Diptera.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anc. Arch.)</fld> <def>Having a double row of columns on each on the flanks, as well as in front and rear; -- said of a temple.</def>

<h1>Dipteran</h1>
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<hw>Dip"ter*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect of the order Diptera.</def>

<h1>Dipterocarpus</h1>
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<hw>Dip`te*ro*car"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ with two wings + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees found in the East Indies, some species of which produce a fragrant resin, other species wood oil. The fruit has two long wings.</def>

<h1>Dipterous</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Dip"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two wings, as certain insects; belonging to the order Diptera.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two wings; two-winged.</def>

<h1>Dipterygian</h1>
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<hw>Dip`ter*yg"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ a fin, dim. of <?/ wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two dorsal fins; -- said of certain fishes.</def>

<h1>Diptote</h1>
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<hw>Dip"tote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ falling, fr. <?/ to fall: cf. F. <ets>diptote</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A noun which has only two cases.</def>

<i>Andrews.</i>

<h1>Diptych</h1>
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<hw>Dip"tych</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diptycha</ets>, pl., fr. Gr. <?/ folded, doubled; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ to fold, double up.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything consisting of two leaves</def>. Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Roman Antiq.)</fld> <def>A writing tablet consisting of two leaves of rigid material connected by hinges and shutting together so as to protect the writing within</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A picture or series of pictures painted on two tablets connected by hinges. See <er>Triptych</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A double catalogue, containing in one part the names of living, and in the other of deceased, ecclesiastics and benefactors of the church; a catalogue of saints.</def>

<h1>Dipyre</h1>
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<hw>Di*pyre"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice fire.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of the scapolite group; -- so called from the double effect of fire upon it, in fusing it, and   rendering it phosphorescent.</def>

<h1>Dipyrenous</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Di`py*re"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>pyrene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Containing two stones or nutlets.</def>

<h1>Dipyridine</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Di*pyr"i*dine</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>pyridine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A polymeric form of pyridine, <chform>C10H10N2</chform>, obtained as a colorless oil by the action of sodium on pyridine.</def>

<h1>Dipyridil</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Di*pyr"i*dil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>pyrid</ets>ine + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline nitrogenous base, <chform>C10H8N2</chform>, obtained by the reduction of pyridine.</def>

<h1>Diradiation</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Di*ra`di*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>radiation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The emission and diffusion of rays of light.</def>

<h1>Dire</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Dire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Direr</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Direst</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dirus</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Ill-boding; portentous; <as>as, <ex>dire</ex> omens</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Evil in great degree; dreadful; dismal; horrible; terrible; lamentable.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dire</b> was the tossing, deep the groans.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Gorgons and hydras and chimeras <b>dire</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Direct</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Di*rect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>directus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dirigere</ets> to direct: cf. F. <ets>direct</ets>. See <er>Dress</er>, and cf. <er>Dirge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Straight; not crooked, oblique, or circuitous; leading by the short or shortest way to a point or end; <as>as, a <ex>direct</ex> line; <ex>direct</ex> means.</as></def>

<blockquote>What is <b>direct</b> to, what slides by, the question.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Straightforward; not of crooked ways, or swerving from truth and openness; sincere; outspoken.</def>

<blockquote>Be even and <b>direct</b> with me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Immediate; express; plain; unambiguous.</def>

<blockquote>He howhere, that I know, says it in <b>direct</b> words.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>direct</b> and avowed interference with elections.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In the line of descent; not collateral; <as>as, a descendant in the <ex>direct</ex> line</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>In the direction of the general planetary motion, or from west to east; in the order of the signs; not retrograde; -- said of the motion of a celestial body.</def>

<cs><col>Direct action</col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Direct-acting</er>.</cd> -- <col>Direct discourse</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>the language of any one quoted without change in its form; as, he said "I can not come;" -- correlative to <i>indirect discourse<i>, in which there is change of form; as, he said that he could not come. They are often called respectively by their Latin names, <i>oratio directa<i>, and <i>oratio obliqua<i>.</cd> -- <col>Direct evidence</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>evidence which is positive or not inferential; -- opposed to <i>circumstantial<i>, or <i>indirect<i>, <i>evidence<i>. -- This distinction, however, is merely formal, since there is no direct evidence that is not circumstantial, or dependent on circumstances for its credibility. <i>Wharton</i>.</cd> -- <col>Direct examination</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the first examination of a witness in the orderly course, upon the merits. <i>Abbott</i>.</cd> -- <col>Direct fire</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>fire, the direction of which is perpendicular to the line of troops or to the parapet aimed at.</cd> -- <col>Direct process</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>one which yields metal in working condition by a single process from the ore. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Direct tax</col>, <cd>a tax assessed directly on lands, etc., and polls, distinguished from taxes on merchandise, or customs, and from excise.</cd></cs>

<h1>Direct</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Di*rect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Directed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Directing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To arrange in a direct or straight line, as against a mark, or towards a goal; to point; to aim; <as>as, to <ex>direct</ex> an arrow or a piece of ordnance</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To point out or show to (any one), as the direct or right course or way; to guide, as by pointing out the way; <as>as, he <ex>directed</ex> me to the left-hand road</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord <b>direct</b> your into the love of God.
<i>2 Thess. iii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The next points to which I will <b>direct</b> your attention.
<i>Lubbock.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To determine the direction or course of; to cause to go on in a particular manner; to order in the way to a certain end; to regulate; to govern; <as>as, to <ex>direct</ex> the affairs of a nation or the movements of an army</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>direct</b> their work in truth.
<i>Is. lxi. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To point out to with authority; to instruct as a superior; to order; <as>as, he <ex>directed</ex> them to go</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I 'll first <b>direct</b> my men what they shall do.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To put a direction or address upon; to mark with the name and residence of the person to whom anything is sent; to superscribe; <as>as, to <ex>direct</ex> a letter</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To guide; lead; conduct; dispose; manage; regulate; order; instruct; command.</syn>

<h1>Direct</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Di*rect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To give direction; to point out a course; to act as guide.</def>

<blockquote>Wisdom is profitable to <b>direct</b>.
<i>Eccl. x. 10.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Direct</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Di*rect"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A character, thus [<?/], placed at the end of a staff on the line or space of the first note of the next staff, to apprise the performer of its situation.</def>

<i>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Direct-acting</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Di*rect"-act`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>Acting directly, as one part upon another, without the intervention of other working parts.</def>

<cs><col>Direct-acting steam engine</col>, <cd>one in which motion is transmitted to the crank without the intervention of a beam or lever; -- also called <i>direct-action steam engine<i>.</cd> -- <col>Direct-acting steam pump</col>, <cd>one in which the steam piston rod is directly connected with the pump rod; -- also called <i>direct-action steam pump<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Directer</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Di*rect"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who directs; a director.</def>

<cs><col>Directer plane</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the plane to which all right-lined elements in a warped surface are parallel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Direction</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Di*rec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>directio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>direction</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of directing, of aiming, regulating, guiding, or ordering; guidance; management; superintendence; administration; <as>as, the <ex>direction</ex> o<?/ public affairs or of a bank</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I do commit his youth
To your <b>direction</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All nature is but art, unknown to thee;<
ll chance, <b>direction</b>, which thou canst not see.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is imposed by directing; a guiding or authoritative instruction; prescription; order; command; <as>as, he grave <ex>directions</ex> to the servants</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The princes digged the well . . . by the <b>direction</b> of the law giver.
<i>Numb. xxi. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The name and residence of a person to whom any thing is sent, written upon the thing sent; superscription; address; <as>as, the <ex>direction</ex> of a letter</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The line or course upon which anything is moving or aimed to move, or in which anything is lying or pointing; aim; line or point of tendency; direct line or course; <as>as, the ship sailed in a southeasterly <ex>direction</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The body of managers of a corporation or enterprise; board of directors.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>The pointing of a piece with reference to an imaginary vertical axis; -- distinguished from <i>elevation</i>. The <i>direction</i> is given when the plane of sight passes through the object.</def>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Administration; guidance; management; superintendence; oversight; government; order; command; guide; clew.</syn>  <usage><er>Direction</er>, <er>Control</er>, <er>Command</er>, <er>Order</er>. These words, as here compared, have reference to the exercise of power over the actions of others. <i>Control</i> is negative, denoting power to restrain; <i>command</i> is positive, implying a right to enforce obedience; <i>directions</i> are commands containing instructions how to act. <i>Order</i> conveys more prominently the idea of authority than the word <i>direction</i>. A shipmaster has the <i>command</i> of his vessel; he gives <i>orders</i> or <i>directions</i> to the seamen as to the mode of sailing it; and exercises a due <i>control</i> over the passengers.</usage>

<h1>Directive</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Di*rect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>directivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>directif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having power to direct; tending to direct, guide, or govern; showing the way.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<blockquote>The precepts <b>directive</b> of our practice in relation to God.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Able to be directed; manageable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Swords and bows
<b>Directive</b> by the limbs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Directly</h1>
<Xpage=416>

<hw>Di*rect"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In a direct manner; in a straight line or course.</def> "To run <i>directly</i> on."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Indirectly and <b>directly</b> too
Thou hast contrived against the very life
Of the defendant.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a straightforward way; without anything intervening; not by secondary, but by direct, means.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Without circumlocution or ambiguity; absolutely; in express terms.</def>

<blockquote>No man hath hitherto been so impious as plainly and <b>directly</b> to condemn prayer.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Exactly; just.</def>

<blockquote>Stand you <b>directly</b> in Antonius' way.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Straightforwardly; honestly.</def>

<blockquote>I have dealt most <b>directly</b> in thy affair.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Manifestly; openly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Desdemona is <b>directly</b> in love with him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Straightway; next in order; without delay; immediately.</def> "Will she go now to bed?' <?/<i>Directly</i>.<i>'</i>"

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Immediately after; as soon as.</def>

<blockquote><b>Directly</b> he stopped, the coffin was removed.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This use of the word is common in England, especially in colloquial speech, but it can hardly be regarded as a well-sanctioned or desirable use.</note>

<cs><col>Directly proportional</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>proportional in the order of the terms; increasing or decreasing together, and with a constant ratio; -- opposed to <i>inversely proportional<i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Immediately; forthwith; straightway; instantly; instantaneously; soon; promptly; openly; expressly.</syn>  <usage>-- <er>Directly</er>, <er>Immediately</er>, <er>Instantly</er>, <er>Instantaneously</er>. <i>Directly</i> denotes, without any delay or diversion of attention; <i>immediately</i> implies, without any interposition of other occupation; <i>instantly</i> implies, without any intervention of time. Hence, "I will do it <i>directly</i>," means, "I will go <i>straightway</i> about it." "I will do it <i>immediately</i>," means, "I will do it as the very <i>next</i> thing." "I will do it <i>instantly</i>," allows not a particle of delay. <i>Instantaneously</i>, like <i>instantly</i>, marks an interval too small to be appreciable, but commonly relates to physical causes; <as>as, the powder touched by fire <ex>instantaneously</ex> exploded</as>.</usage>

<hr>
<page="417">
Page 417<p>

<h1>Directness</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Di*rect"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being direct; straightness; straightforwardness; immediateness.</def>

<h1>Director</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Di*rect"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>directeur</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, directs; one who regulates, guides, or orders; a manager or superintendent.</def>

<blockquote>In all affairs thou sole <b>director</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of a body of persons appointed to manage the affairs of a company or corporation; <as>as, the <ex>directors</ex> of a bank, insurance company, or railroad company</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What made <b>directors</b> cheat in South-Sea year?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A part of a machine or instrument which directs its motion or action.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A slender grooved instrument upon which a knife is made to slide when it is wished to limit the extent of motion of the latter, or prevent its injuring the parts beneath.</def>

<h1>Directorate</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Di*rect"o*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>directorat</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office of director; also, a body of directors taken jointly.</def>

<h1>Directorial</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Di*rec*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>directorial</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the quality of a director, or authoritative guide; directive.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to: director or directory; specifically, relating to the Directory of France under the first republic. See <er>Directory</er>, 3.</def>

<blockquote>Whoever goes to the <b>directorial</b> presence under this passport.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Directorship</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Di*rect"or*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or office of a director; directorate.</def>

<h1>Directory</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Di*rect"o*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>directorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing directions; enjoining; instructing; directorial.</def>

<h1>Directory</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Di*rect"o*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Directories</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A collection or body of directions, rules, or ordinances; esp., a book of directions for the conduct of worship; <as>as, the <ex>Directory</ex> used by the nonconformists instead of the Prayer Book</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A book containing the names and residences of the inhabitants of any place, or of classes of them; an address book; <as>as, a business <ex>directory</ex></as>.</def>
<-- as, a telephone directory. -->

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>directoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>A body of directors; board of management; especially, a committee which held executive power in France under the first republic.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Direction; guide.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Whitlock.</i>

<h1>Directress</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Di*rect"ress</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who directs.</def>

<i>Bp. Hurd.</i>

<h1>Directrix</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Di*rect"rix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Directrixes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, L. <er>Directrices</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>.

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A directress.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A line along which a point in another line moves, or which in any way governs the motion of the point and determines the position of the curve generated by it; the line along which the generatrix moves in generating a surface.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A straight line so situated with respect to a conic section that the distance of any point of the curve from it has a constant ratio to the distance of the same point from the focus.</def>

<h1>Direful</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dire"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dire</ets> + <ets>-ful</ets>.]</ety> <def>Dire; dreadful; terrible; calamitous; woeful; <as>as, a <ex>direful</ex> fiend; a <ex>direful</ex> day.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dire"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dire"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Direly</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dire"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dire manner.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Dirempt</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Di*rempt"</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diremptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dirimere</ets> to take apart, separate; <ets>di- = dis-</ets> + <ets>emere</ets> to buy, orig., to take.]</ety> <def>Divided; separated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Stow.</i>

<h1>Dirempt</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Di*rempt"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To separate by force; to tear apart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Diremption</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Di*remp"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diremptio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tearing apart; violent separation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Direness</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dire"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dire-</ets> + <ets>-<ets>ness</ets>.]</ety> <def>Terribleness; horror; woefulness.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Direption</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Di*rep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>direptio</ets>, fr. <ets>diripere</ets> to tear asunder, plunder; <ets>di- = dis-</ets> + <ets>rapere</ets> to seize and carry off.]</ety> <def>The act of plundering, despoiling, or snatching away.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Speed.</i>

<h1>Direptitious</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Di*rep*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by direption.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Encyc. Dict.</i>

<h1>Direptitiously</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Di*rep*ti"tious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With plundering violence; by violent injustice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Strype.</i>

<h1>Dirge</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dirge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contraction of Lat. <ets>dirige</ets>, direct thou (imperative of <ets>dirigere</ets>), the first word of a funeral hymn  (Lat. transl. of Psalm v. 8) beginning, "<ets>Dirige</ets>, <ets>Domine</ets>, <ets>in conspectu tuo vitam meam</ets>." See <er>Direct</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Dirige</er>.]</ety> <def>A piece of music of a mournful character, to accompany funeral rites; a funeral hymn.</def>

<blockquote>The raven croaked, and hollow shrieks of owls
Sung <b>dirges</b> at her funeral.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dirgeful</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dirge"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Funereal; moaning.</def>

<blockquote>Soothed sadly by the <b>dirgeful</b> wind.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dirige</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dir"i*ge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Dirge</er>.]</ety> <def>A service for the dead, in the Roman Catholic Church, being the first antiphon of Matins for the dead, of which <i>Dirige</i> is the first word; a dirge.</def>

<blockquote>Evensongs and placebo and <b>dirige</b>.
<i>Wyclif.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Resort, I pray you, unto my sepulture
To sing my <b>dirige</b> with great devotion.
<i>Lamentation of Mary Magdalene.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dirigent</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dir"i*gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dirigens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>dirigere</ets>. See <er>Direct</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Directing.</def>

<i>Baxter.</i>

<h1>Dirigent</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dir"i*gent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The line of motion along which a describent line or surface is carried in the genesis of any plane or solid figure; a directrix.</def>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<h1>Dirigible</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dir"i*gi*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being directed; steerable; <as>as, a <ex>dirigible</ex> balloon</as>.</def>

<h1>Diriment</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dir"i*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dirimens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>dirimere</ets>. See <er>Dirempt</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Absolute.</def>

<cs><col>Diriment impediment</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>an impediment that nullifies marriage.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dirk</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dirk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. <ets>duirc</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of dagger or poniard; -- formerly much used by the Scottish Highlander.</def>

<cs><col>Dirk knife</col>, <cd>a clasp knife having a large, dirklike blade.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dirk</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dirk</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dirked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dirking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To stab with a dirk.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Dirk</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dirk</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dark</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Dark.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dirk</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dirk</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To darken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Dirkness</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dirk"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Darkness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dirl</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dirl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Drill</er>, <er>Thrill</er>.]</ety> <def>To thrill; to vibrate; to penetrate.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Dirt</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dirt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>drit</ets>; kin to Icel. <ets>drit</ets> excrement, <ets>dr\'c6ta</ets> to dung, OD. <ets>drijten</ets> to dung, AS. <ets>gedr\'c6tan</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any foul of filthy substance, as excrement, mud, dust, etc.; whatever, adhering to anything, renders it foul or unclean; earth; <as>as, a wagonload of <ex>dirt</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whose waters cast up mire and <b>dirt</b>.
<i>Is. lvii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Meanness; sordidness.</def>

<blockquote>Honors . . . thrown away upon <b>dirt</b> and infamy.
<i>Melmoth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In placer mining, earth, gravel, etc., before washing.</def>

<cs><col>Dirt bed</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a layer of clayey earth forming a stratum in a geological formation. Dirt beds are common among the coal measures.</cd> -- <col>Dirt eating</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The use of certain kinds of clay for food, existing among some tribes of Indians; geophagism. <i>Humboldt</i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Chthonophagia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dirt pie</col>, <cd>clay or mud molded by children in imitation of pastry. <i>Otway (1684).</i></cd> -- <col>To eat dirt</col>, <cd>to submit in a meanly humble manner to insults; to eat humble pie.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dirt</h1>
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<hw>Dirt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make foul of filthy; to dirty.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Dirtily</h1>
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<hw>Dirt"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dirty manner; foully; nastily; filthily; meanly; sordidly.</def>

<h1>Dirtiness</h1>
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<hw>Dirt"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being dirty; filthiness; foulness; nastiness; baseness; sordidness.</def>

<h1>Dirty</h1>
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<hw>Dirt"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Dirtier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Dirtiest</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Defiled with dirt; foul; nasty; filthy; not clean or pure; serving to defile; <as>as, <ex>dirty</ex> hands; <ex>dirty</ex> water; a <ex>dirty</ex> white.</as></def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sullied; clouded; -- applied to color.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sordid; base; groveling; <as>as, a <ex>dirty</ex> fellow</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The creature's at his <b>dirty</b> work again.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Sleety; gusty; stormy; <as>as, <ex>dirty</ex> weather</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Storms of wind, clouds of dust, an angry, <b>dirty</b> sea.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Nasty; filthy; foul. See <er>Nasty</er>.</syn>

<h1>Dirty</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dirt"y</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dirtied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dirtying</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To foul; to make filthy; to soil; <as>as, to <ex>dirty</ex> the clothes or hands</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To tarnish; to sully; to scandalize; -- said of reputation, character, etc.</def>

<h1>Diruption</h1>
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<hw>Di*rup"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diruptio</ets>, fr. <ets>dirumpere</ets>. See <er>Disrupt</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Disruption.</def>

<h1>Dis-</h1>
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<hw>Dis-</hw> <tt>(?; 258)</tt><def>.</def>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A prefix from the Latin, whence F. <i>d\'82s</i>, or sometimes <i>d\'82</i>-, <i>dis</i>-. The Latin <i>dis</i>- appears as <i>di</i>- before <i>b</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>g</i>, <i>l</i>, <i>m</i>, <i>n</i>, <i>r</i>, <i>v</i>, becomes <i>dif</i>- before <i>f</i>, and either <i>dis</i>- or <i>di</i>- before <i>j</i>. It is from the same root as <i>bis</i> twice, and <i>duo</i>, E. <i>two</i>. See <er>Two</er>, and cf. <er>Bi-</er>, <er>Di-</er>, <er>Dia-</er>. <i>Dis</i>- denotes <i>separation</i>, <i>a parting from</i>, as in <i>dis</i>tribute, <i>dis</i>connect; hence it often has the force of a privative and negative, as in <i>dis</i>arm, <i>dis</i>oblige, <i>dis</i>agree. Also intensive, as in <i>dis</i>sever.</def>

<note>&hand; Walker's rule of pronouncing this prefix is, that the <i>s</i> ought always to be pronounced like <i>z</i>, when the next syllable is accented and begins with "a flat mute [<i>b</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>v</i>, <i>g</i>, <i>z</i>], a liquid [<i>l</i>, <i>m</i>, <i>n</i>, <i>r</i>], or a vowel; as, <i>disable</i>, <i>disease</i>, <i>disorder</i>, <i>disuse</i>, <i>disband</i>, <i>disdain</i>, <i>disgrace</i>, <i>disvalue</i>, <i>disjoin</i>, <i>dislike</i>, <i>dislodge</i>, <i>dismay</i>, <i>dismember</i>, <i>dismiss</i>, <i>dismount</i>, <i>disnatured</i>, <i>disrank</i>, <i>disrelish</i>, <i>disrobe</i>." Dr. Webster's example in disapproving of Walker's rule and pronouncing <i>dis</i>- as <i>diz</i> in only one (<i>disease</i>) of the above words, is followed by recent ortho\'89pists. See <er>Disable</er>, <er>Disgrace</er>, and the other words, beginning with <i>dis</i>-, in this Dictionary.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A prefix from Gr. <?/ twice. See <er>Di-</er>.</def>

<h1>Dis</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>The god Pluto.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Disability</h1>
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<hw>Dis`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Disabilities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>State of being disabled; deprivation or want of ability; absence of competent physical, intellectual, or moral power, means, fitness, and the like.</def>

<blockquote>Grossest faults, or <b>disabilities</b> to perform what was covenanted.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Chatham refused to see him, pleading his <b>disability</b>.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Want of legal qualification to do a thing; legal incapacity or incompetency.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>disabilities</b> of idiocy, infancy, and coverture.
<i>Abbott.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Weakness; inability; incompetence; impotence; incapacity; incompetency; disqualification.</syn>  <usage>-- <er>Disability</er>, <er>Inability</er>. <i>Inability</i> is an inherent want of power to perform the thing in question; <i>disability</i> arises from some <i>deprivation</i> or loss of the needed competency. One who becomes deranged is under a <i>disability</i> of holding his estate; and one who is made a judge, of deciding in his own case. A man may decline an office on account of his <i>inability</i> to discharge its duties; he may refuse to accept a trust or employment on account of some <i>disability</i> prevents him from entering into such engagements.</usage>

<h1>Disable</h1>
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<hw>Dis*a"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lacking ability; unable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Our <i>disable</i> and unactive force."

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Disable</h1>
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<hw>Dis*a"ble</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disabled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disabling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To render unable or incapable; to destroy the force, vigor, or power of action of; to deprive of competent physical or intellectual power; to incapacitate; to disqualify; to make incompetent or unfit for service; to impair.</def>

<blockquote>A Christian's life is a perpetual exercise, a wrestling and warfare, for which sensual pleasure <b>disables</b> him.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And had performed it, if my known offense
Had not <b>disabled</b> me.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have <b>disabled</b> mine estate.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To deprive of legal right or qualification; to render legally incapable.</def>

<blockquote>An attainder of the ancestor corrupts the blood, and <b>disables</b> his children to inherit.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deprive of that which gives value or estimation; to declare lacking in competency; to disparage; to undervalue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "He <i>disabled</i> my judgment."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To weaken; unfit; disqualify; incapacitate.</syn>

<h1>Disablement</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dis*a"ble*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Deprivation of ability; incapacity.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Disabuse</h1>
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<hw>Dis`a*buse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disabused</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disabusing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>abuse</ets>; cf. F. <ets>d\'82sabuser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To set free from mistakes; to undeceive; to disengage from fallacy or deception; to set right.</def>

<blockquote>To undeceive and <b>disabuse</b> the people.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If men are now sufficiently enlightened to <b>disabuse</b> themselves or artifice, hypocrisy, and superstition, they will consider this event as an era in their history.
<i>J. Adams.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disaccommodate</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ac*com"mo*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>accommodate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To put to inconvenience; to incommode.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Disaccommodation</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ac*com`mo*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being unaccommodated or unsuited.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Disaccord</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ac*cord"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82saccorder</ets> to cause discord.]</ety> <def>To refuse to assent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Disaccord</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ac*cord"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disagreement.</def>

<i>Pop. Sci. Monthly.</i>

<h1>Disaccordant</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ac*cord"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not accordant.</def>

<i>Fabyan.</i>

<h1>Disaccustom</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ac*cus"tom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82saccoutumer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To destroy the force of habit in; to wean from a custom.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Disacidify</h1>
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<hw>Dis`a*cid"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To free from acid.</def>

<h1>Disacknowledge</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ac*knowl"edge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disacknowledged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disacknowledging</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To refuse to acknowledge; to deny; to disown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Disacquaint</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ac*quaint"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>acquaint</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desacointier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To render unacquainted; to make unfamiliar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>While my sick heart
With dismal smart
Is <b>disacquainted</b> never.
<i>Herrick.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disacquaintance</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ac*quaint"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Neglect of disuse of familiarity, or familiar acquaintance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Disacryl</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ac"ryl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> (Gr. <?/ twice) + <ets>acr</ets>olein + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white amorphous substance obtained as a polymeric modification of acrolein.</def>

<h1>Disadorn</h1>
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<hw>Dis`a*dorn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of ornaments.</def>

<i>Congreve.</i>

<h1>Disadvance</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ad*vance"</hw> <tt>(?; 61)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>advance</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desavancier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To draw back, or cause to draw back.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Disadvantage</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ad*van"tage</hw> <tt>(?; 48, 61)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82savantage</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Deprivation of advantage; unfavorable or prejudicial quality, condition, circumstance, or the like; that which hinders success, or causes loss or injury.</def>

<blockquote>I was brought here under the <b>disadvantage</b> of being unknown by sight to any of you.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Abandoned by their great patron, the faction henceforward acted at <b>disadvantage</b>.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Loss; detriment; hindrance; prejudice to interest, fame, credit, profit, or other good.</def>

<blockquote>They would throw a construction on his conduct, to his <b>disadvantage</b> before the public.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Detriment; injury; hurt; loss; damage.</syn>

<h1>Disadvantage</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ad*van"tage</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82savantager</ets>.]</ety> <def>To injure the interest of; to be detrimental to.</def>

<h1>Disadvantageable</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ad*van"tage*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Injurious; disadvantageous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Disadvantageous</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ad`van*ta"geous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82savantageux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Attended with disadvantage; unfavorable to success or prosperity; inconvenient; prejudicial; -- opposed to <i>advantageous</i>; <as>as, the situation of an army is <ex>disadvantageous</ex> for attack or defense</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Even in the <b>disadvantageous</b> position in which he had been placed, he gave clear indications of future excellence.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dis*ad`van*ta"geous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis*ad`van*ta"geous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Disadventure</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ad*ven"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>adventure</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desaventure</ets>.]</ety> <def>Misfortune; mishap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Disadventurous</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ad*ven"tur*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unprosperous; unfortunate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Disadvise</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ad*vise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To advise against; to dissuade from.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Disaffect</h1>
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<hw>Dis`af*fect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disaffected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disaffecting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To alienate or diminish the affection of; to make unfriendly or less friendly; to fill with discontent and unfriendliness.</def>

<blockquote>They had attempted to <b>disaffect</b> and discontent his majesty's late army.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To disturb the functions of; to disorder.</def>

<blockquote>It <b>disaffects</b> the bowels.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lack affection for; to be alienated from, or indisposed toward; to dislike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Disaffected</h1>
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<hw>Dis`af*fect"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Alienated in feeling; not wholly loyal. <i>J. H. Newman</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Dis`af*fect"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis`af*fect"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Disaffection</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dis`af*fec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>State of being disaffected; alienation or want of affection or good will, esp. toward those in authority; unfriendliness; dislike.</def>

<blockquote>In the making laws, princes must have regard to . . . the affections and <b>disaffections</b> of the people.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disorder; bad constitution.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Dislike; disgust; discontent; unfriendliness; alienation; disloyalty; hostility.</syn>

<h1>Disaffectionate</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dis`af*fec"tion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not disposed to affection; unfriendly; disaffected.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Disaffirm</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dis`af*firm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To assert the contrary of; to contradict; to deny; -- said of that which has been asserted.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To refuse to confirm; to annul, as a judicial decision, by a contrary judgment of a superior tribunal.</def>

<h1>Disaffirmance</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dis`af*firm"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of disaffirming; denial; negation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Overthrow or annulment by the decision of a superior tribunal; <as>as, <ex>disaffirmance</ex> of judgment</as>.</def>

<h1>Disaffirmation</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dis*af`fir*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disaffirming; negation; refutation.</def>

<h1>Disafforest</h1>
<Xpage=417>

<hw>Dis`af*for"est</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disafforested</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disafforesting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>afforest</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desaforester</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To reduce from the privileges of a forest to the state of common ground; to exempt from forest laws.</def>

<blockquote>By charter 9 Henry III. many forests were <b>disafforested</b>.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="418">
Page 418<p>

<h1>Disaggregate</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis*ag"gre*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To destroy the aggregation of; to separate into component parts, as an aggregate mass.</def>

<h1>Disaggregation</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis*ag`gre*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82sagr\'82gation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The separation of an aggregate body into its component parts.</def>

<h1>Disagree</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`a*gree"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disagreed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disageeing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>agree</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82sagr\'82er</ets> to displease.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To fail to accord; not to agree; to lack harmony; to differ; to be unlike; to be at variance.</def>

<blockquote>They reject the plainest sense of Scripture, because it seems <?/o <b>disagree</b> with what they call reason.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To differ in opinion; to hold discordant views; to be at controversy; to quarrel.</def>

<blockquote>Who shall decide, when doctors <b>disagree</b>?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be unsuited; to have unfitness; <as>as, <ex>medicine</ex> sometimes <ex>disagrees</ex> with the patient; food often <ex>disagrees</ex> with the stomach or the taste.</as></def>

<note>&hand; Usually followed by <i>with</i>, sometimes by <i>to</i>, rarely by <i>from</i>; as, I <i>disagree</i> to your proposal.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- To differ; vary; dissent.</syn>

<h1>Disagreeable</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`a*gree"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82sagr\'82able</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not agreeable, conformable, or congruous; <?/ontrary; unsuitable.</def>

<blockquote>Preach you truly the doctrine which you have received, and each nothing that is <b>disagreeable</b> thereunto.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exciting repugnance; offensive to the feelings or <?/enses; displeasing; unpleasant.</def>

<blockquote>That which is <b>disagreeable</b> to one is many times agreeable to another, or <b>disagreeable</b> in a less degree.
<i>Wollaston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disagreeableness</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`a*gree"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being; disagreeable; unpleasantness.</def>

<h1>Disagreeably</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`a*gree"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a disagreeable manner; unsuitably; offensively.</def>

<h1>Disagreeance</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`a*gree"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disagreement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disagreement</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`a*gree"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82sagr\'82ment</ets> disagreeable circumstance, disagreeableness.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of disagreeing; a being at variance; dissimilitude; diversity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unsuitableness; unadaptedness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Difference of opinion or sentiment.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A falling out, or controversy; difference.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Difference; diversity; dissimilitude; unlikeness; discrepancy; variance; dissent; misunderstanding; dissension; division; dispute; jar; wrangle; discord.</syn>

<h1>Disagreer</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`a*gre"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disagrees.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Disalliege</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`al*liege"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To alienate from allegiance.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Disallow</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`al*low"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disallowed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disallowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>allow</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desalouer</ets>, <ets>desloer</ets>, to blame, dissuade.]</ety> <def>To refuse to allow; to deny the force or validity of; to disown and reject; <as>as, the judge <ex>disallowed</ex> the executor's charge</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To whom coming, as unto a living stone, <b>disallowed</b> indeed of men, but chosen of God.
<i>1 Pet. ii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That the edicts of C\'91sar we may at all times <b>disallow</b>, but the statutes of God for no reason we may reject.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This verb was sometimes followed by <i>of</i>; as, "What follows, if we <i>disallow of</i> this?" <i>Shak</i>. See <er>Allow</er>.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- To disapprove; prohibit; censure; reject.</syn>

<h1>Disallowable</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`al*low"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not allowable; not to be suffered.</def> <i>Raleigh</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Dis`al*low"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Disallowance</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`al*low"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disallowing; refusal to admit or permit; rejection.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Disapprobation; prohibition; condemnation; censure; rejection.</syn>

<h1>Disally</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`al*ly"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>ally</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82saltier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To part, as an alliance; to sunder.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Disallied</i> their nuptials."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Disanchor</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis*an"chor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>anchor</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82sancrer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To raise the anchor of, as a ship; to weigh anchor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Heywood.</i>

<h1>Disangelical</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`an*gel"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not angelical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Disangelical</i> nature."

<i>Coventry.</i>

<h1>Disanimate</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis*an"i*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disanimated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disanimating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To deprive of life.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive of spirit; to dishearten.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Disanimation</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis*an`i*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Privation of life.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being disanimated or discouraged; depression of spirits.</def>

<h1>Disannex</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`an*nex"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To disunite; to undo or repeal the annexation of.</def>

<i>State Trials (1608).</i>

<h1>Disannul</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`an*nul"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To annul completely; to render void or of no effect.</def>

<blockquote>For the Lord of hosts hath purposed, and who shall <b>disannul</b> <?/?
<i>Isaiah xiv. 27.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The prefix in this word an its derivatives is intensive, and not negative.</note>

<h1>Disannuller</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`an*nul"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disannuls.</def>

<h1>Disannulment</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`an*nul"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Complete annulment.</def>

<h1>Disanoint</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`a*noint"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To invalidate the consecration of; <as>as, to <ex>disanoint</ex> a king</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Disapparel</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ap*par"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Apparel</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>apparel</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desapareiller</ets>.]</ety> <def>To disrobe; to strip of apparel; to make naked.</def>

<blockquote>Drink <b>disapparels</b> the soul.
<i>Junius (1635).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disappear</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ap*pear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disappeared</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disappearing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cease to appear or to be perceived; to pass from view, gradually or suddenly; to vanish; to be no longer seen; <as>as, darkness <ex>disappears</ex> at the approach of light; a ship <ex>disappears</ex> as she sails from port.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cease to be or exist; <as>as, the epidemic has <ex>disappeared</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Disappearance</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ap*pear"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disappearing; cessation of appearance; removal from sight; vanishing.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Disappendency</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ap*pend"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A detachment or separation from a former connection.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disappendent</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ap*pend"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Freed from a former connection or dependence; disconnected.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disappoint</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ap*point"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disapointed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disappointing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>desapointier</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82sappointer</ets>; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>apointier</ets>, F. <ets>appointier</ets>, to appoint. See <er>Appoint</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To defeat of expectation or hope; to hinder from the attainment of that which was excepted, hoped, or desired; to balk; <as>as, a man is <ex>disappointed</ex> of his hopes or expectations, or his hopes, desires, intentions, expectations, or plans are <ex>disappointed</ex>; a bad season <ex>disappoints</ex> the farmer of his crops; a defeat <ex>disappoints</ex> an enemy of his spoil.</as></def>

<blockquote>I was <b>disappointed</b>, but very agreeably.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Disappointed of</i> a thing not obtained; <i>disappointed in</i> a thing obtained.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To frustrate; to fail; to hinder of result.</def>

<blockquote>His retiring foe
Shrinks from the wound, and <b>disappoints</b> the blow.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To tantalize; fail; frustrate; balk; baffle; delude; foil; defeat. See <er>Tantalize</er>.</syn>

<h1>Disappointed</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ap*point"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Defeated of expectation or hope; balked; <as>as, a <ex>disappointed</ex> person or hope</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unprepared; unequipped.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Cut off even in the blossoms of my sin,
Unhouseled, <b>disappointed</b>, unaneled.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disappointment</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ap*point"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82sappointement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of disappointing, or the state of being disappointed; defeat or failure of expectation or hope; miscarriage of design or plan; frustration.</def>

<blockquote>If we hope for things of which we have not thoroughly considered the value, our <b>disappointment</b> will be greater our pleasure in the fruition of them.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In <b>disappointment</b> thou canst bless.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which disappoints.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Miscarriage; frustration; balk.</syn>

<h1>Disappreciate</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ap*pre"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Appreciate</er>.]</ety> <def>To undervalue; not to esteem.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis`ap*pre`ci*a"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Disapprobation</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis*ap`pro*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>approbation</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82sapprobation</ets>. Cf. <er>Disapprove</er>.]</ety> The act of disapproving; mental condemnation of what is judged wrong, unsuitable, or inexpedient; feeling of censure.</def>
<
<blockquote>We have ever expressed the most unqualified <b>disapprobation</b> of all the steps.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disapprobatory</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis*ap"pro*ba`to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing disapprobation; serving to disapprove.</def>

<h1>Disappropriate</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ap*pro"pri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Severed from the appropriation or possession of a spiritual corporation.</def>

<blockquote>The appropriation may be severed, and the church become <b>disappropriate</b>, two ways.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disappropriate</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ap*pro"pri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To release from individual ownership or possession.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To sever from appropriation or possession a spiritual corporation.</def>

<blockquote>Appropriations of the several parsonages . . . would heave been, by the rules of the common law, <b>disappropriated</b>.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disappropriation</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ap*pro`pri*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disappropriating.</def>

<h1>Disapproval</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ap*prov"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disapprobation; dislike; censure; adverse judgment.</def>

<h1>Disapprove</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ap*prove</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disapproved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disapproving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>approve</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82approuver</ets>. Cf. <er>Disapprobation</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To pass unfavorable judgment upon; to condemn by an act of the judgment; to regard as wrong, unsuitable, or inexpedient; to censure; <as>as, to <ex>disapprove</ex> the conduct of others</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To refuse official approbation to; to disallow; to decline to sanction; <as>as, the sentence of the court-martial was <ex>disapproved</ex> by the commander in chief</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; This verb is often followed by <i>of</i>; as, to <i>disapprove</i> of an opinion, of such conduct. See <er>Approve</er>.</note>

<h1>Disapprover</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ap*prov"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disapproves.</def>

<h1>Disapprovingly</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ap*prov"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a disapproving manner.</def>

<h1>Disard</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Dizzard</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Disarm</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis*arm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disarming</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disarming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>desarmen</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82sarmer</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82s-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>armer</ets> to arm. See <er>Arm</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To deprive of arms; to take away the weapons of; to deprive of the means of attack or defense; to render defenseless.</def>

<blockquote>Security <b>disarms</b> the best-appointed army.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The proud was half <b>disarmed</b> of pride.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive of the means or the disposition to harm; to render harmless or innocuous; <as>as, to <ex>disarm</ex> a man's wrath</as>.</def>

<h1>Disarmament</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis*arm"a*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82sarmement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of disarming.</def>

<h1>Disarmature</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis*ar"ma*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>armature</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of divesting of armature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disarmed</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis*armed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Deprived of arms.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Deprived of claws, and teeth or beaks.</def>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<h1>Disarmer</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis*arm"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disarms.</def>

<h1>Disarrange</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ar*range"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disarranged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disarranging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>arrange</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82sarranger</ets>.]</ety> <def>To unsettle or disturb the order or due arrangement of; to throw out of order.</def>

<h1>Disarrangement</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ar*range"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disarranging, or the state of being disarranged; confusion; disorder.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Disarray</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ar*ray"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disarrayed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disarraying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>array</ets>, v.: cf. OF. <ets>desarroyer</ets>, <ets>desarreier</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw into disorder; to break the array of.</def>

<blockquote>Who with fiery steeds
Oft <b>disarrayed</b> the foes in battle ranged.
<i>Fenton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take off the dress of; to unrobe.</def>

<blockquote>So, as she bade, the witch they <b>disarrayed</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disarray</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ar*ray"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82sarroi</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of array or regular order; disorder; confusion.</def>

<blockquote>Disrank the troops, set all in <b>disarray</b>.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Confused attire; undress.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Disarrayment</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ar*ray"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disorder.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Disarticulate</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ar*tic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sunder; to separate, as joints.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis`ar*tic`u*la"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Disarticulator</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`ar*tic"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disarticulates and prepares skeletons.</def>

<h1>Disassent</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`as*sent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To dissent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disassent</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`as*sent"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dissent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<h1>Disassenter</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`as*sent"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disassents; a dissenter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>State Trials (1634).</i>

<h1>Disassiduity</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis*as`si*du"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of as siduity or care.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Disassimilate</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`as*sim"i*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To subject to disassimilation.</def>

<h1>Disassimilation</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`as*sim`i*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The decomposition of complex substances, within the organism, into simpler ones suitable only for excretion, with evolution of energy, -- a normal nutritional process the reverse of assimilation; downward metabolism.</def>

<blockquote>The breaking down of already existing chemical compounds into simpler ones, sometimes called <b>disassimilation</b>.
<i>Martin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disassimilative</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`as*sim"i*la*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Having power to disassimilate; of the nature of disassimilation.</def>

<blockquote><b>Disassimilative</b> processes constitute a marked feature in the life of animal cells.
<i>McKendrick.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disassociate</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`as*so"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disassociated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disassociating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To disconnect from things associated; to disunite; to dissociate.</def>

<i>Florio.</i>

<h1>Disaster</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis*as"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82sastre</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82s-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>astre</ets> star, fr. L. <ets>astrum</ets>; a word of astrological origin. See <er>Aster</er>, <er>Astral</er>, <er>Star</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An unpropitious or baleful aspect of a planet or star; malevolent influence of a heavenly body; hence, an ill portent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Disasters</b> in the sun.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An adverse or unfortunate event, esp. a sudden and extraordinary misfortune; a calamity; a serious mishap.</def>

<blockquote>But noble souls, through dust and heat,
Rise from <b>disaster</b> and defeat
The stronger.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Calamity; misfortune; mishap; mischance; visitation; misadventure; ill luck. See <er>Calamity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Disaster</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis*as"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To blast by the influence of a baleful star.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring harm upon; to injure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Disasterly</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis*as"ter*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Disastrously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Disastrous</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis*as"trous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82sastreux</ets>. See <er>Disaster</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of unpropitious stellar influences; unpropitious; ill-boding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The moon
In dim eclipse, <b>disastrous</b> twilight sheds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attended with suffering or disaster; very unfortunate; calamitous; ill-fated; <as>as, a <ex>disastrous</ex> day; a <ex>disastrous</ex> termination of an undertaking.</as></def>

<blockquote>Wherein I spake of most <b>disastrous</b> chances.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dis*as"trous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis*as"trous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Disattire</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`at*tire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>attire</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desatirier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To unrobe; to undress.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Disaugment</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`aug*ment"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To diminish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disauthorize</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis*au"thor*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of credit or authority; to discredit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>W. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Disavaunce</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`a*vaunce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Disadvance</er>.]</ety> <def>To retard; to repel; to do damage to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Disaventure</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`a*ven"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Disadventure</er>, <er>Adventure</er>.]</ety> <def>Misfortune.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Disaventurous</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`a*ven"tur*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Misadventurous; unfortunate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Disavouch</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`a*vouch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>avouch</ets>. Cf. <er>Disavow</er>.]</ety> <def>To disavow.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Disavow</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`a*vow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disavowed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disavowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82savouer</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82s-</ets> (L. <ets>dis</ets>-) + <ets>avouer</ets> to avow. See <er>Avow</er>, and cf. <er>Disavouch</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To refuse strongly and solemnly to own or acknowledge; to deny responsibility for, approbation of, an the like; to disclaim; to disown; <as>as, he was charged with embezzlement, but he <ex>disavows</ex> the crime</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A solemn promise made and <b>disavowed</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deny; to show the contrary of; to disprove.</def>

<blockquote>Yet can they never
Toss into air the freedom of my birth,
Or <b>disavow</b> my blood Plantagenet's.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disavowal</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`a*vow"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disavowing, disclaiming, or disowning; rejection and denial.</def>

<blockquote>An earnest <b>disavowal</b> of fear often proceeds from fear.
<i>Richardson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disavowance</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`a*vow"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disavowal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Disavower</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`a*vow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disavows.</def>

<h1>Disavowment</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis`a*vow"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disavowal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Wotton.</i>

<h1>Disband</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis*band"</hw> <tt>(?; see <er>Dis-</er>)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disbanded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disbanding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>band</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desbander</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82bander</ets>, to unbind, unbend. See <er>Band</er>, and cf. <er>Disbend</er>, <er>Disbind</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To loose the bands of; to set free; to disunite; to scatter; to disperse; to break up the organization of; especially, to dismiss from military service; <as>as, to <ex>disband</ex> an army</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>disbanded</b> themselves and returned, every man to his own dwelling.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To divorce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And therefore . . . she ought to be <b>disbanded</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disband</h1>
<Xpage=418>

<hw>Dis*band"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become separated, broken up, dissolved, or scattered; especially, to quit military service by breaking up organization.</def>

<hr>
<page="419">
Page 419<p>

<blockquote>When both rocks and all things shall <b>disband</b>.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Human society would in a short space <b>disband</b>.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disbandment</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*band"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disbanding.</def>

<h1>Disbar</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*bar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disbarred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disbarring</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To expel from the bar, or the legal profession; to deprive (an attorney, barrister, or counselor) of his status and privileges as such.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Disbark</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*bark"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>bark</ets> a small ship: cf. OF. <ets>desbarquer</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82barquer</ets>. Cf. <er>Debark</er>, <er>Disembark</er>.]</ety> <def>To disembark.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Disbark</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*bark"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>bark</ets> rind.]</ety> <def>To strip of bark; to bark.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Disbarment</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*bar"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of disbarring.</def>

<h1>Disbase</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*base"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Debase</er>.]</ety> <def>To debase or degrade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Nor you nor your house were so much as spoken of before I <b>disbased</b> myself.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disbecome</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis`be*come"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To misbecome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Disbelief</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*be*lief"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disbelieving;; a state of the mind in which one is fully persuaded that an opinion, assertion, or doctrine is not true; refusal of assent, credit, or credence; denial of belief.</def>

<blockquote>Our belief or <b>disbelief</b> of a thing does not alter the nature of the thing.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No sadder proof can be given by a man of his own littleness that <b>disbelief</b> in great men.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Distrust; unbelief; incredulity; doubt; skepticism. -- <er>Disbelief</er>, <er>Unbelief</er>. <i>Unbelief</i> is a mere failure to admit; <i>disbelief</i> is a positive rejection. One may be an <i>unbeliever</i> in Christianity from ignorance or want of inquiry; a <i>unbeliever</i> has the proofs before him, and incurs the guilt of setting them aside. <i>Unbelief</i> is usually open to conviction; <i>disbelief</i> is already convinced as to the falsity of that which it rejects. Men often tell a story in such a manner that we regard everything they say with <i>unbelief</i>. Familiarity with the worst parts of human nature often leads us into a <i>disbelief</i> in many good qualities which really exist among men.</syn>

<h1>Disbelieve</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis`be*lieve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disbelieved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disbelieving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Not to believe; to refuse belief or credence to; to hold not to be true or actual.</def>

<blockquote>Assertions for which there is abundant positive evidence are often <b>disbelieved</b>, on account of what is called their improbability or impossibility.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disbeliever</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis`be*liev"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disbelieves, or refuses belief; an unbeliever. Specifically, one who does not believe the Christian religion.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<h1>Disbench</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*bench"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To drive from a bench or seat.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To deprive (a bencher) of his privileges.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Disbend</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*bend</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To unbend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Stirling.</i>

<h1>Disbind</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*bind"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Disband</er>.]</ety> <def>To unbind; to loosen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mede.</i>

<h1>Disblame</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*blame"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>desblamen</ets>, OF. <ets>desblasmer</ets>; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>blasmer</ets>, F. <ets>bl\'83mer</ets>, to blame.]</ety> <def>To clear from blame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Disbodied</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*bod"ied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disembodied.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disboscation</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis`bos*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + F. <ets>bosquet</ets> grove.]</ety> <def>Converting forest land into cleared or arable land; removal of a forest.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Disbowel</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*bow"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bowel</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To disembowel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Disbranch</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*branch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Branch</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>To divest of a branch or branches; to tear off.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Disbud</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*bud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bud</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>To deprive of buds or shoots, as for training, or economizing the vital strength of a tree.</def>

<h1>Disburden</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*bur"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Burden</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <ety>[Cf. <er>Disburthen</er>.]</ety> <def>To rid of a burden; to free from a load borne or from something oppressive; to unload; to disencumber; to relieve.</def>

<blockquote>He did it to <b>disburden</b> a conscience.
<i>Feltham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My mediations . . . will, I hope, be more calm, being thus <b>disburdened</b>.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To unload; unburden; discharge; free.</syn>

<h1>Disburden</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*bur"den</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To relieve one's self of a burden; to ease the mind.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Disburgeon</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*bur"geon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To strip of burgeons or buds; to disbud.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Disburse</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*burse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disbursed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disbursing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>desbourser</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82bourser</ets>; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>bourse</ets> purse. See <er>Burse</er>, and cf. <er>Dispurse</er>.]</ety> <def>To pay out; to expend; -- usually from a public fund or treasury.</def>

<blockquote>The duty of collecting and <b>disbursing</b> his revenues.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Disbursing officer</col>, <cd>an officer in any department of the public service who is charged with the duty of paying out public money.</cd></cs>

<h1>Disbursement</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*burse"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82boursement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of disbursing or paying out.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>disbursement</b> of the public moneys.
<i>U. S. Statutes.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is disbursed or paid out; <as>as, the annual <ex>disbursements</ex> exceed the income</as>.</def>

<h1>Disburser</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*burs"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disburses money.</def>

<h1>Disburthen</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*bur"then</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disburthened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disburthening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Disburden</er>.]</ety> <def>To disburden; to relieve of a load.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Disc</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Disc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Disk</er>, <er>Dish</er>.]</ety> <def>A flat round plate</def>; <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>a circular structure either in plants or animals; <as>as, a blood <ex>disc</ex>, a germinal <ex>disc</ex>, etc.</as>  Same as <er>Disk</er>.</def>

<h1>Discage</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*cage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To uncage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Discal</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Disc"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a disk; <as>as, <ex>discal</ex> cells</as>.</def>

<h1>Discalceate</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*cal"ce*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discalceatus</ets> unshod; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>calceus</ets> shoe.]</ety> <def>To pull off shoes or sandals from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Discalceated</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*cal"ce*at`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deprived off shoes or sandals; unshod; discalced.</def>

<h1>Discalced</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*calced"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unshod; barefooted; -- in distinction from <i>calced</i>.</def> "The foundation of houses of <i>discalced</i> friars."

<i>Cardinal Manning's St. Teresa.</i>

<h1>Discalceation</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*cal`ce*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of pulling off the shoes or sandals.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Discamp</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*camp"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Decamp</er>.]</ety> <def>To drive from a camp.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Discandy</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*can"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To melt; to dissolve; to thaw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Discant</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis"cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Descant</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Discapacitate</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*ca*pac"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of capacity; to incapacitate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Discard</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*card"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discarded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discarding</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>To throw out of one's hand, as superfluous cards; to lay aside (a card or cards).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cast off as useless or as no longer of service; to dismiss from employment, confidence, or favor; to discharge; to turn away.</def>

<blockquote>They blame the favorites, and think it nothing extraordinary that the queen should . . . resolve to <b>discard</b> them.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To put or thrust away; to reject.</def>

<blockquote>A man <b>discards</b> the follies of boyhood.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To dismiss; displace; discharge; cashier.</syn>

<h1>Discard</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*card"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>To make a discard.</def>

<h1>Discard</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*card"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>The act of discarding; also, the card or cards discarded.</def>

<h1>Discardure</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*car"dure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rejection; dismissal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hayter.</i>

<h1>Discarnate</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*car"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>carnatus</ets> fleshy, fr. <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>, flesh.]</ety> <def>Stripped of flesh.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Discarnate</i> bones."

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Discase</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*case"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To strip; to undress.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Discede</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*cede"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discedere</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>cedere</ets> to yield.]</ety> <def>To yield or give up; to depart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I dare not <b>discede</b> from my copy a tittle.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discept</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*cept"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disceptare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To debate; to discuss.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>One dissertates, he is candid;
Two must <b>discept</b>, -- has distinguished.
<i>R. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disceptation</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis`cep*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disceptatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Controversy; disputation; discussion.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Verbose janglings and endless <b>disceptations</b>.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disceptator</h1>
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<hw>Dis`cep*ta"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who arbitrates or decides.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cowley.</i>

<h1>Discern</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cern"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discerned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discerning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>discerner</ets>, L. <ets>discernere</ets>, <ets>discretum</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>cernere</ets> to separate, distinguish. See <er>Certain</er>, and cf. <er>Discreet</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To see and identify by noting a difference or differences; to note the distinctive character of; to discriminate; to distinguish.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>discern</b> such buds as are fit to produce blossoms.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A counterfeit stone which thine eye can not <b>discern</b> from a right stone.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To see by the eye or by the understanding; to perceive and recognize; <as>as, to <ex>discern</ex> a difference</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And [I] beheld among the simple ones, I <b>discerned</b> among the youths, a young man void of understanding.
<i>Prov. vii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our unassisted sight . . . is not acute enough to <b>discern</b> the minute texture of visible objects.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I wake, and I <b>discern</b> the truth.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To perceive; distinguish; discover; penetrate; discriminate; espy; descry; detect. See <er>Perceive</er>.</syn>

<h1>Discern</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cern"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To see or understand the difference; to make distinction; <as>as, to <ex>discern</ex> between good and evil, truth and falsehood</as>.</def>

<blockquote>More than sixscore thousand that cannot <b>discern</b> between their right hand their left.
<i>Jonah iv. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make cognizance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Discernance</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cern"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Discernment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Discerner</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cern"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, discerns, distinguishes, perceives, or judges; <as>as, a <ex>discerner</ex> of truth, of right and wrong</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A great observer and <b>discerner</b> of men's natures.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discernible</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cern"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discernibilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being discerned by the eye or the understanding; <as>as, a star is <ex>discernible</ex> by the eye; the identity of difference of ideas is <ex>discernible</ex> by the understanding.</as></def>

<blockquote>The effect of the privations and sufferings . . . was <b>discernible</b> to the last in his temper and deportment.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Perceptible; distinguishable; apparent; visible; evident; manifest.</syn>

<h1>Discernibleness</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cern"i*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being discernible.</def>

<h1>Discernibly</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cern"i*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner to be discerned; perceptibly; visibly.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Discerning</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cern"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Acute; shrewd; sagacious; sharp-sighted.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Discerningly</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cern"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a discerning manner; with judgment; judiciously; acutely.</def>

<i>Garth.</i>

<h1>Discernment</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cern"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>discernement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of discerning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The power or faculty of the mind by which it distinguishes one thing from another; power of viewing differences in objects, and their relations and tendencies; penetrative and discriminate mental vision; acuteness; sagacity; insight; <as>as, the errors of youth often proceed from the want of <ex>discernment</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Judgment; acuteness; discrimination; penetration; sagacity; insight. -- <er>Discernment</er>, <er>Penetration</er>, <er>Discrimination</er>. <i>Discernment</i> is keenness and accuracy of mental vision; <i>penetration</i> is the power of seeing deeply into a subject in spite of everything that intercepts the view; <i>discrimination</i> is a capacity of tracing out minute distinctions and the nicest shades of thought. A <i>discerning</i> man is not easily misled; one of a <i>penetrating</i> mind sees a multitude of things which escape others; a <i>discriminating</i> judgment detects the slightest differences.</syn>

<h1>Discerp</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cerp"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discerpere</ets>, <ets>discerptum</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>carpere</ets> to pluck.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To tear in pieces; to rend.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Stukeley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To separate; to disunite.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hurd.</i>

<h1>Discerpibility, Discerptibility</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dis*cerp`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dis*cerp`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capability or liableness to be discerped.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Wollaston.</i>

<h1>Discerpible, Discerptible</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dis*cerp"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dis*cerp"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Discerp</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being discerped.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Discerption</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cerp"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discerptio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of pulling to pieces, or of separating the parts.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Discerptive</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cerp"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to separate or disunite parts.</def>

<i>Encys. Dict.</i>

<h1>Discession</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ces"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discessio</ets>, fr. <ets>discedere</ets>, <ets>discessum</ets>. See <er>Discede</er>.]</ety> <def>Departure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Discharge</h1>
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<hw>Dis*charge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discharged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discharging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>deschargen</ets>, <ets>dischargen</ets>, OF. <ets>deschargier</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82charger</ets>; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis</ets>) + <ets>chargier</ets>, F. <ets>charger</ets>. See <er>Charge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To relieve of a charge, load, or burden; to empty of a load or cargo; to unburden; to unload; <as>as, to <ex>discharge</ex> a vessel</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To free of the missile with which anything is charged or loaded; to let go the charge of; <as>as, to <ex>discharge</ex> a bow, catapult, etc.</as>; especially, said of firearms, -- to fire off; to shoot off; also, to relieve from a state of tension, as a Leyden jar.</def>

<blockquote>The galleys also did oftentimes, out of their prows, <b>discharge</b> their great pieces against the city.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Feeling in other cases <b>discharges</b> itself in indirect muscular actions.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To of something weighing upon or impeding over one, as a debt, claim, obligation, responsibility, accusation, etc.; to absolve; to acquit; to clear.</def>

<blockquote><b>Discharged</b> of business, void of strife.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In one man's fault <b>discharge</b> another man of his duty.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To relieve of an office or employment; to send away from service; to dismiss.</def>

<blockquote><b>Discharge</b> the common sort
With pay and thanks.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Grindal . . . was <b>discharged</b> the government of his see.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To release legally from confinement; to set at liberty; <as>as, to <ex>discharge</ex> a prisoner</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To put forth, or remove, as a charge or burden; to take out, as that with which anything is loaded or filled; <as>as, to <ex>discharge</ex> a cargo</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To let fly, as a missile; to shoot.</def>

<blockquote>They do <b>discharge</b> their shot of courtesy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To set aside; to annul; to dismiss.</def>

<blockquote>We say such an order was "<b>discharged</b> on appeal."
<i>Mozley & W.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The order for Daly's attendance was <b>discharged</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To throw off the obligation of, as a duty or debt; to relieve one's self of, by fulfilling conditions, performing duty, trust, and the like; hence, to perform or ex<?/<?/te, as an office, or part.</def>

<blockquote>Had I a hundred tongues, a wit so large
As could their hundred offices <b>discharge</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To send away (a creditor) satisfied by payment; to pay one's debt or obligation to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If he had
The present money to <b>discharge</b> the Jew.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>To give forth; to emit or send out; <as>as, a pipe <ex>discharges</ex> water</as>; to let fly; to give expression to; to utter; <as>as, to <ex>discharge</ex> a horrible oath</as>.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>To prohibit; to forbid.</def> <mark>[Scot. Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<cs><col>Discharging arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an arch over a door, window, or other opening, to distribute the pressure of the wall above. See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Lintel</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Discharging piece</col>, <col>Discharging strut</col></mcol> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a piece set to carry thrust or weight to a solid point of support.</cd> -- <col>Discharging rod</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a bent wire, with knobs at both ends, and insulated by a glass handle. It is employed for discharging a Leyden jar or an electrical battery. See <er>Discharger</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Deliver</er>.</syn>

<h1>Discharge</h1>
<Xpage=419>

<hw>Dis*charge"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To throw off or deliver a load, charge, or burden; to unload; to emit or give vent to fluid or other contents; <as>as, the water pipe <ex>discharges</ex> freely</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The cloud, if it were oily or fatty, would not <b>discharge</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discharge</h1>
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<hw>Dis*charge"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82charge</ets>. See <er>Discharge</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of discharging; the act of relieving of a charge or load; removal of a load or burden; unloading; <as>as, the <ex>discharge</ex> of a ship; <ex>discharge</ex> of a cargo.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Firing off; explosive removal of a charge; explosion; letting off; <as>as, a <ex>discharge</ex> of arrows, of artillery</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Act of relieving of something which oppresses or weighs upon one, as an obligation, liability, debt, accusation, etc.; acquittance; <as>as, the <ex>discharge</ex> of a debtor</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Act of removing, or getting rid of, an obligation, liability, etc.; fulfillment, as by the payment of a debt, or the performance of a trust or duty.</def>

<blockquote>Indefatigable in the <b>discharge</b> of <b>business</b>.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nothing can absolve us from the <b>discharge</b> of those duties.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Release or dismissal from an office, employment, etc.; dismission; <as>as, the <ex>discharge</ex> of a workman by his employer</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Legal release from confinement; liberation; <as>as, the <ex>discharge</ex> of a prisoner</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The state of being discharged or relieved of a debt, obligation, office, and the like; acquittal.</def>

<blockquote>Too secure of our <b>discharge</b>
From penalty.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>That which discharges or releases from an obligation, liability, penalty, etc., as a price of ransom, a legal document.</def>

<blockquote>Death, who sets all free,
Hath paid his ransom now and full <b>discharge</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A flowing or issuing out; emission; vent; evacuation; also, that which is discharged or emitted; <as>as, a rapid <ex>discharge</ex> of water from the pipe</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The hemorrhage being stopped, the next occurrence is a thin serous <b>discharge</b>.
<i>S. Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="420">
Page 420<p>

<cs><col>Charge and discharge</col>. <fld>(Equity Practice)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Charge</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Paralytic discharge</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the increased secretion from a gland resulting from the cutting of all of its nerves.</cd></cs>

<h1>Discharger</h1>
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<hw>Dis*char"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, discharges. Specifically, in electricity, an instrument for discharging a Leyden jar, or electrical battery, by making a connection between the two surfaces; a discharging rod.</def>

<h1>Dischevele</h1>
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<hw>Dis*chev"ele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disheveled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dischurch</h1>
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<hw>Dis*church"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of status as a church, or of membership in a church.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Discide</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discidere</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>caedere</ets> to cut.]</ety> <def>To divide; to cleave in two.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Disciferous</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Disc-</ets> + <ets>-<ets>ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing disks.</def>

<h1>Discifloral, Disciflorous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dis`ci*flo"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dis`ci*flo"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Disk</er>, and <er>Floral</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing the stamens on a discoid outgrowth of the receptacle; -- said of a subclass of plants. Cf. <er>Calycifloral</er>.</def>

<h1>Disciform</h1>
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<hw>Dis"ci*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Discoid.</def>

<h1>Discina</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ci"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>discus</ets> disk, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of Branchiopoda, having a disklike shell, attached by one valve, which is perforated by the peduncle.</def>

<h1>Discinct</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cinct</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discinctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>discingere</ets> to ungird; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>cingere</ets> to gird.]</ety> <def>Ungirded; loosely dressed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Discind</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cind"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discindere</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>scindere</ets> to cut, split.]</ety> <def>To part; to divide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Disciple</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ci"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>disciple</ets>, <ets>deciple</ets>, OF. <ets>disciple</ets>, fr. L. <ets>discipulus</ets>, fr. <ets>discere</ets> to learn (akin to <ets>docere</ets> to teach; see <er>Docile</er>) + prob. a root meaning <ets>to turn</ets> or <ets>drive</ets>, as in L. <ets>pellere</ets> to drive (see <er>Pulse</er>).]</ety> <def>One who receives instruction from another; a scholar; a learner; especially, a follower who has learned to believe in the truth of the doctrine of his teacher; an adherent in doctrine; <as>as, the <ex>disciples</ex> of Plato; the <ex>disciples</ex> of our Savior.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>The disciples</col>, &or; <col>The twelve disciples</col></mcol>, <cd>the twelve selected companions of Jesus; -- also called <altname>the apostles</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Disciples of Christ</col>. <cd>See <er>Christian</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3, and <er>Campbellite</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Learner; scholar; pupil; follower; adherent.</syn>

<h1>Disciple</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ci"ple</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discipled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discipling</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To teach; to train.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That better were in virtues <b>discipled</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To punish; to discipline.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make disciples of; to convert to doctrines or principles.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sending missionaries to <b>disciple</b> all nations.
<i>E. D. Griffin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discipleship</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ci"ple*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a disciple or follower in doctrines and precepts.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Discipless</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ci"pless</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female disciple.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disciplinable</h1>
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<hw>Dis"ci*plin*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>disciplinable</ets>. See <er>Discipline</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being disciplined or improved by instruction and training.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Liable or deserving to be disciplined; subject to disciplinary punishment; <as>as, a <ex>disciplinable</ex> offense</as>.</def>

<h1>Disciplinableness</h1>
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<hw>Dis"ci*plin*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being improvable by discipline.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Disciplinal</h1>
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<hw>Dis"ci*plin*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to discipline.</def>

<i>Latham.</i>

<h1>Disciplinant</h1>
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<hw>Dis"ci*plin*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Discipline</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A flagellant. See <er>Flagellant</er>.</def>

<h1>Disciplinarian</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ci*plin*a"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to discipline.</def> "<i>Displinarian</i> system."

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Disciplinarian</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis`ci*plin*a"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who disciplines; one who excels in training, especially with training, especially with regard to order and obedience; one who enforces rigid discipline; a stickler for the observance of rules and methods of training; <as>as, he is a better <ex>disciplinarian</ex> than scholar</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Puritan or Presbyterian; -- because of rigid adherence to religious or church discipline.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disciplinary</h1>
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<hw>Dis"ci*plin*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>disciplinarius</ets> flogging: cf. F. <ets>disciplinaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to discipline; intended for discipline; corrective; belonging to a course of training.</def>

<blockquote>Those canons . . . were only <b>disciplinary</b>.
<i>Bp. Ferne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The evils of the . . . are <b>disciplinary</b> and remedial.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discipline</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ci*pline</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>discipline</ets>, L. <ets>disciplina</ets>, from <ets>discipulus</ets>. See <er>Disciple</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The treatment suited to a disciple or learner; education; development of the faculties by instruction and exercise; training, whether physical, mental, or moral.</def>

<blockquote>Wife and children are a kind of <b>discipline</b> of humanity.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Discipline</b> aims at the removal of bad habits and the substitution of good ones, especially those of order, regularity, and obedience.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Training to act in accordance with established rules; accustoming to systematic and regular action; drill.</def>

<blockquote>Their wildness lose, and, quitting nature's part,
Obey the rules and <b>discipline</b> of art.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Subjection to rule; submissiveness to order and control; habit of obedience.</def>

<blockquote>The most perfect, who have their passions in the best <b>discipline</b>, are yet obliged to be constantly on their guard.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Severe training, corrective of faults; instruction by means of misfortune, suffering, punishment, etc.</def>

<blockquote>A sharp <b>discipline</b> of half a century had sufficed to educate <?/s.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Correction; chastisement; punishment inflicted by way of correction and training.</def>

<blockquote>Giving her the <b>discipline</b> of the strap.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The subject matter of instruction; a branch of knowledge.</def>

<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The enforcement of methods of correction against one guilty of ecclesiastical offenses; reformatory or penal action toward a church member.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>Self- inflicted and voluntary corporal punishment, as penance, or otherwise; specifically, a penitential scourge.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A system of essential rules and duties; <as>as, the Romish or Anglican <ex>discipline</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Education; instruction; training; culture; correction; chastisement; punishment.</syn>

<h1>Discipline</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis"ci*pline</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disciplined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disciplining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>disciplinarian</ets> to flog, fr. L. <ets>disciplina</ets> discipline, and F. <ets>discipliner</ets> to discipline.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To educate; to develop by instruction and exercise; to train.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To accustom to regular and systematic action; to bring under control so as to act systematically; to train to act together under orders; to teach subordination to; to form a habit of obedience in; to drill.</def>

<blockquote>Ill armed, and worse <b>disciplined</b>.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His mind . . . imperfectly <b>disciplined</b> by nature.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To improve by corrective and penal methods; to chastise; to correct.</def>

<blockquote>Has he <b>disciplined</b> Aufidius soundly?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To inflict ecclesiastical censures and penalties upon.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To train; form; teach; instruct; bring up; regulate; correct; chasten; chastise; punish.</syn>

<h1>Discipliner</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis"ci*plin*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disciplines.</def>

<h1>Disclaim</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*claim"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disclaimed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disclaiming</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To renounce all claim to deny; ownership of, or responsibility for; to disown; to disavow; to reject.</def>

<blockquote>He calls the gods to witness their offense;
<b>Disclaims</b> the war, asserts his innocence.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>disclaims</b> the authority of Jesus.
<i>Farmer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deny, as a claim; to refuse.</def>

<blockquote>The payment was irregularly made, if not <b>disclaimed</b>.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To relinquish or deny having a claim; to disavow another's claim; to decline accepting, as an estate, interest, or office.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To disown; disavow; renounce; repudiate.</syn>

<h1>Disclaim</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*claim"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To disavow or renounce all part, claim, or share.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Disclaim in</col>, <col>Disclaim from</col></mcol>, <cd>to disown; to disavow. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Nature <i>disclaims in<i> thee."</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Disclaimer</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*claim"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who disclaims, disowns, or renounces.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A denial, disavowal, or renunciation, as of a title, claim, interest, estate, or trust; relinquishment or waiver of an interest or estate.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A public disavowal, as of pretensions, claims, opinions, and the like.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Disclamation</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis`cla*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A disavowing or disowning.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Disclame</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*clame"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To disclaim; to expel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Money did love <i>disclame</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Disclaunder</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*claun"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From OE. <ets>disclaundre</ets>, <ets>n.</ets>, for <ets>sclandre</ets>, <ets>esclandre</ets>, OF. <ets>esclandre</ets>. See <er>Sclaundre</er>, <er>Slander</er>.]</ety> <def>To injure one's good name; to slander.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Discloak</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*cloak"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To take off a cloak from; to uncloak.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Disclose</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*close"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disclosed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disclosing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>desclosen</ets>, <ets>disclosen</ets>, fr. <ets>disclos</ets>, <ets>desclos</ets>, not shut in, open, OF. <ets>desclos</ets>, p. p. of <ets>desclore</ets> to open, F. <ets>d\'82clore</ets>; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>clore</ets> to shut, fr. L. <ets>claudere</ets> to shut. See <er>Close</er>, and cf. <er>Disclusion</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To unclose; to open; -- applied esp. to eggs in the sense of <i>to hatch</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The ostrich layeth her eggs under sand, where the heat of the <b>discloseth</b> them.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To remove a cover or envelope from;; to set free from inclosure; to uncover.</def>

<blockquote>The shells being broken, . . . the stone included in them is thereby <b>disclosed</b> and set at liberty.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lay open or expose to view; to cause to appear; to bring to light; to reveal.</def>

<blockquote>How softly on the Spanish shore she plays,
<b>Disclosing</b> rock, and slope, and forest brown!
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Her lively looks a sprightly mind <b>disclose</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make known, as that which has been kept secret or hidden; to reveal; to expose; <as>as, events have <ex>disclosed</ex> his designs</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If I <b>disclose</b> my passion,
Our friendship 's an end.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To uncover; open; unveil; discover; reveal; divulge; tell; utter.</syn>

<h1>Disclose</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*close"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disclosure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak. Young.</i>

<h1>Disclosed</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*closed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Represented with wings expanded; -- applied to doves and other birds not of prey.</def>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<h1>Discloser</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*clos"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who discloses.</def>

<h1>Disclosure</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*clo"sure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Disclose</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Closure</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of disclosing, uncovering, or revealing; bringing to light; exposure.</def>

<blockquote>He feels it [his secret] beating at his heart, rising to his throat, and demanding <b>disclosure</b>.
<i>D. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is disclosed or revealed.</def>

<blockquote>Were the <b>disclosures</b> of 1695 forgotten?
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discloud</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*cloud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To clear from clouds.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Disclout</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*clout"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To divest of a clout.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disclusion</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*clu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disclusio</ets>, fr. <ets>discludere</ets>, <ets>disclusum</ets>, to separate. See <er>Disclose</er>.]</ety> <def>A shutting off; exclusion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Discoast</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*coast"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>coast</ets>: cf. It. <ets>discostare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To depart; to quit the coast (that is, the side or border) of anything; to be separated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>As far as heaven and earth <b>discoasted</b> lie.
<i>G. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>discoast</b> from the plain and simple way of speech.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discoblastic</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis`co*blas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ disk + <?/ to grow.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Applied to a form of egg cleavage seen in osseous fishes, which occurs only in a small disk that separates from the rest of the egg.</def>

<h1>Discobolus</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*cob"o*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Discoboli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ a discu + <?/ to throw.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A thrower of the discus</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A statue of an athlete holding the discus, or about to throw it</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>Discobolus</i> of Myron was a famous statue of antiquity, and several copies or imitations of it have been preserved.</note>

<h1>Discodactyl</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis`co*dac"tyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Discodactylia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the tree frogs.</def>

<h1>Discodactylia</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis`co*dac*tyl"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ disk + <?/ finger.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of amphibians having suctorial disks on the toes, as the tree frogs.</def>

<h1>Discodactylous</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis`co*dac"tyl*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having sucking disks on the toes, as the tree frogs.</def>

<h1>Discoherent</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis`co*her"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incoherent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Discoid</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis"coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ quoit-shaped, <?/ a round plate, quoit + <?/ form, shape: cf. F. <ets>disco\'8bde</ets>. See <er>Disk</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a disk, as those univalve shells which have the whorls in one plane, so as to form a disk, as the pearly nautilus.</def>

<cs><col>Discoid flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a compound flower, consisting of tubular florets only, as a tansy, lacking the rays which are seen in the daisy and sunflower.</cd></cs>

<h1>Discoid</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis"coid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything having the form of a discus or disk; particularly, a discoid shell.</def>

<h1>Discoidal</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*coid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>disco\'8bdal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disk-shaped; discoid.</def>

<h1>Discolith</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis"co*lith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a round plate + <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of a species of coccoliths, having an oval discoidal body, with a thick strongly refracting rim, and a thinner central portion. One of them measures about <frac1x50000/ of an inch in its longest diameter.</def>

<h1>Discolor</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*col"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discolored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discoloring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>descolouren</ets>, OF. <ets>descolorer</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82colorer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>cololare</ets>, <ets>coloratum</ets>, to color, <ets>color</ets> color. See <er>Color</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>discolour</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To alter the natural hue or color of; to change to a different color; to stain; to tinge; <as>as, a drop of wine will <ex>discolor</ex> water; silver is <ex>discolored</ex> by sea water.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To alter the true complexion or appearance of; to put a false hue upon.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>discolor</b> all your ideas.
<i>Wat<?/<?/</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discolorate</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*col"or*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To discolor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Discoloration</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*col`or*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>decoloration</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of discoloring, or the state of being discolored; alteration of hue or appearance.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A discolored spot; a stain.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Discolored</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*col"ored</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Altered in color; <?/tained.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Variegated; of divers colors.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>That ever wore <b>discolored</b> arms.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discomfit</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*com"fit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discomfited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discomfiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>desconfit</ets>, p. p. of <ets>desconfire</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82confire</ets>; fr. L. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>conficere</ets> to make ready, prepare, bring about. See <er>Comfit</er>, <er>Fact</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To scatter in fight; to put to rout; to defeat.</def>

<blockquote>And his proud foes <b>discomfit</b> in victorious field.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To break up and frustrate the plans of; to balk<?/ to throw into perplexity and dejection; to disconcert.</def>

<blockquote>Well, go with me and be not so <b>discomfited</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To defeat; overthrow; overpower; vanquish; conquer; baffle; frustrate; confound; discourage.</syn>

<h1>Discomfit</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*com"fit</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Discomfited; overthrown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Discomfit</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*com"fit</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rout; overthrow; discomfiture.</def>

<blockquote>Such as <b>discomfort</b> as shall quite despoil him.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discomfiture</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*com"fi*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>desconfiture</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82confiture</ets>. See <er>Discomfort</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Comfiture</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of discomfiting, or the state of being discomfited; rout; overthrow; defeat; frustration; confusion and dejection.</def>

<blockquote>Every man's sword was against his fellow, and there was a very great <b>discomfiture</b>.
<i>1 Sam. xiv. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A hope destined to end . . . in <b>discomfiture</b> and disgrace.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discomfort</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*com"fort</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discomforted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discomforting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>desconforter</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82conforter</ets>, to discourage; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>conforter</ets>. See <er>Comfort</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To discourage; to deject.</def>

<blockquote>His funeral shall not be in our camp,
Lest it <b>discomfort</b> us.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To destroy or disturb the comfort of; to deprive o<?/ quiet enjoyment; to make uneasy; to pain; <as>as, a smoky chimney <ex>discomforts</ex> a family</as>.</def>

<h1>Discomfort</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*com"fort</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>desconfort</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82confort</ets>. See <er>Discomfort</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Discouragement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Want of comfort; uneasiness, mental or physical; disturbance of peace; inquietude; pain; distress; sorrow.</def> "An age of spiritual <i>discomfort</i>."

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<blockquote>Strive against all the <b>discomforts</b> of thy sufferings.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discomfortable</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis*com"fort*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>desconfortable</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Causing discomfort; occasioning uneasiness; making sad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destitute of comfort; uncomfortable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A labyrinth of little <b>discomfortable</b> garrets.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dis*com"fort*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Discommend</h1>
<Xpage=420>

<hw>Dis`com*mend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To mention with disapprobation; to blame; to disapprove.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>By commending something in him that is good, and <b>discommending</b> the same fault in others.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="421">
Page 421<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To expose to censure or ill favor; to put out of the good graces of any one.</def>

<blockquote>A compliance will <b>discommend</b> me to Mr. Coventry.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discommendable</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`com*mend"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deserving, disapprobation or blame.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis`com*mend"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Discommendation</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*com`men*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Blame; censure; reproach.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Discommender</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`com*mend"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who discommends; a dispraiser.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Discommission</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`com*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of a commission or trust.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Laud.</i>

<h1>Discommodate</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*com"mo*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>commodatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>commodare</ets> to make fit or suitable, fr. <ets>commodus</ets> fit, commodious. See <er>Commodious</er>, and cf. <er>Discommode</er>.]</ety> <def>To discommode.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Discommode</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`com*mode"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discommoded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discommoding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Discommodate</er>.]</ety> <def>To put inconvenience; to incommode; to trouble.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- To incommode; annoy; inconvenience.</syn>

<h1>Discommodious</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`com*mo"di*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inconvenient; troublesome; incommodious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dis`com*mo"di*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis`com*mo"di*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Discommodity</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`com*mod"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disadvantage; inconvenience.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Discommon</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*com"mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deprive of the right of common.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive of privileges.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To deprive of commonable quality, as lands, by inclosing or appropriating.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Discommunity</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`com*mu"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lack of common possessions, properties, or relationship.</def>

<blockquote>Community of embryonic structure reveals community of descent; but dissimilarity of embryonic development does not prove <b>discommunity</b> of descent.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discompany</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*com"pa*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To free from company; to dissociate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>It she be alone now, and <b>discompanied</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discomplexion</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`com*plex"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To change the complexion or hue of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Discompliance</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`com*pli"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Failure or refusal to comply; noncompliance.</def>

<blockquote>A compliance will discommend me to Mr. Coventry, and a <b>discompliance</b> to my lord chancellor.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discompose</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`com*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discomposed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discomposing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>compose</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>decomposer</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82composer</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To disarrange; to interfere with; to disturb; to disorder; to unsettle; to break up.</def>

<blockquote>Or <b>discomposed</b> the headdress of a prude.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To throw into disorder; to ruffle; to destroy the composure or equanimity; to agitate.</def>

<blockquote>Opposition . . . <b>discomposeth</b> the mind's serenity.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To put out of place or service; to discharge; to displace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To disorder; derange; unsettle; disturb; disconcert; agitate; ruffle; fret; vex.</syn>

<h1>Discomposed</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`com*posed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disordered; disturbed; disquieted.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis`com*pos"ed*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis`com*pos"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Discomposition</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*com`po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inconsistency; discordance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Discomposure</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`com*po"sure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being discomposed; disturbance; disorder; agitation; perturbation.</def>

<blockquote>No <b>discomposure</b> stirred her features.
<i>Akenside.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Discordance; disagreement of parts.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Discompt</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*compt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Discount</er>.]</ety> <def>To discount. See <er>Discount</er>.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Disconcert</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*cert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disconcerted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disconcerting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>concert</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desconcerter</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82concerter</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To break up the harmonious progress of; to throw into disorder or confusion; <as>as, the emperor <ex>disconcerted</ex> the plans of his enemy</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To confuse the faculties of; to disturb the composure of; to discompose; to abash.</def>

<blockquote>The embrace <b>disconcerted</b> the daughter-in-law somewhat, as the caresses of old gentlemen unshorn and perfumed with tobacco might well do.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To discompose; derange; ruffle; confuse; disturb; defeat; frustrate.</syn>

<h1>Disconcert</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*cert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of concert; disagreement.</def>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Disconcertion</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*cer"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disconcerting, or state of being disconcerted; discomposure; perturbation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>State Trials (1794).</i>

<h1>Disconducive</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*du"cive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not conductive; impeding; disadvantageous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disconformable</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*form"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not conformable.</def>

<blockquote><b>Disconformable</b> in religion from us.
<i>Stow (1603).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disconformity</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*form"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of conformity or correspondence; inconsistency; disagreement.</def>

<blockquote>Those . . . in some <b>disconformity</b> to ourselves.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Disagreement and <b>disconformity</b> betwixt the speech and the conception of the mind.
<i>Hakewill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discongruity</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*gru"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Incongruity; disagreement; unsuitableness.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Disconnect</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*nect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disconnected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disconnecting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To dissolve the union or connection of; to disunite; to sever; to separate; to disperse.</def>

<blockquote>The commonwealth itself would . . . be <b>disconnected</b> into the dust and powder of individuality.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This restriction <b>disconnects</b> bank paper and the precious metals.
<i>Walsh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disconnection</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*nec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disconnecting, or state of being disconnected; separation; want of union.</def>

<blockquote>Nothing was therefore to be left in all the subordinate members but weakness, <b>disconnection</b>, and confusion.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disconsecrate</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*con"se*crate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of consecration or sacredness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Discosent</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`co*sent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To differ; to disagree; to dissent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Disconsolacy</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*con"so*la`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being disconsolate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Disconsolate</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*con"so*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disconsolateness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Disconsolate</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*con"so*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>disconsolatus</ets>; L. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>consolatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>consolari</ets> to console. See <er>Console</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of consolation; deeply dejected and dispirited; hopelessly sad; comfortless; filled with grief; <as>as, a bereaved and <ex>disconsolate</ex> parent</as>.</def>

<blockquote>One morn a Peri at the gate
Of Eden stood <b>disconsolate</b>.
<i>Moore.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ladies and the knights, no shelter nigh,
Were dropping wet, <b>disconsolate</b> and wan.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inspiring dejection; saddening; cheerless; <as>as, the <ex>disconsolate</ex> darkness of the winter nights</as>.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Forlorn; melancholy; sorrowful; desolate; woeful; hopeless; gloomy.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dis*con"so*late*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis*con"so*late*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Disconsolated</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*con"so*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disconsolate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A poor, <b>disconsolated</b>, drooping creature.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disconsolation</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*con`so*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dejection; grief.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Discontent</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*tent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not content; discontented; dissatisfied.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>Passion seemed to be much <b>discontent</b>, but Patience was very quiet.
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discontent</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*tent"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discontented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discontenting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deprive if content; to make uneasy; to dissatisfy.</def>

<i>Suckling.</i>

<h1>Discontent</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*tent"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of content; uneasiness and inquietude of mind; dissatisfaction; disquiet.</def>

<blockquote>Now is the winter of our <b>discontent</b>
Made glorious summer by this sun of York.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The rapacity of his father's administration had excited such universal <b>discontent</b>.
<i>Hallam</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A discontented person; a malcontent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thus was the Scotch nation full of <b>discontents</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discontentation</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*con`ten*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Discontent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<h1>Discontented</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*tent"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Dissatisfied; uneasy in mind; malcontent.</def>

<blockquote>And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was <b>discontented</b>, gathered themselves unto him.
<i>1 Sam. xxii. 2.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dis`con*tent"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis`con*tent"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Discontentful</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*tent"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of discontent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Discontenting</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*tent"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Discontented.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing discontent; dissatisfying.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Discontentive</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*tent"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating or tending to discontent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Pride is ever <i>discontentive</i>."

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Discontentment</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*tent"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being discontented; uneasiness; inquietude.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Discontinuable</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*tin"u*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admitting of being discontinued.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Discontinuance</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*tin"u*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of discontinuing, or the state of being discontinued; want of continued connection or continuity; breaking off; cessation; interruption; <as>as, a <ex>discontinuance</ex> of conversation or intercourse; <ex>discontinuance</ex> of a highway or of travel.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A breaking off or interruption of an estate, which happened when an alienation was made by a tenant in tail, or other tenant, seized in right of another, of a larger estate than the tenant was entitled to, whereby the party ousted or injured was driven to his real action, and could not enter. This effect of such alienation is now obviated by statute in both England and the United States.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The termination of an action in practice by the voluntary act of the plaintiff; an entry on the record that the plaintiff discontinues his action.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>That technical interruption of the proceedings in pleading in an action, which follows where a defendant does not answer the whole of the plaintiff's declaration, and the plaintiff omits to take judgment for the part unanswered.</def>

<i>Wharton's Law Dict. Burrill.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Cessation; intermission; discontinuation; separation; disunion; disjunction; disruption; break.</syn>

<h1>Discontinuation</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*tin`u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>discontinuation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Breach or interruption of continuity; separation of parts in a connected series; discontinuance.</def>

<blockquote>Upon any <b>discontinuation</b> of parts, made either by bubbles or by shaking the glass, the whole mercury falls.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discontinue</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*tin"ue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discontinued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discontinuing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>discontinuer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To interrupt the continuance of; to intermit, as a practice or habit; to put an end to; to cause to cease; to cease using, to stop; to leave off.</def>

<blockquote>Set up their conventicles again, which had been <b>discontinued</b>.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have <b>discontinued</b> school
Above a twelvemonth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Taught the Greek tongue, <b>discontinued</b> before in these parts the space of seven hundred years.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They modify and discriminate the voice, without appearing to <b>discontinue</b> it.
<i>Holder.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discontinue</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*tin"ue</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lose continuity or cohesion of parts; to be disrupted or broken off.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be separated or severed; to part.</def>

<blockquote>Thyself shalt <b>discontinue</b> from thine heritage.
<i>Jer. xvii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discontinuee</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*tin`u*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One whose possession of an estate is broken off, or discontinued; one whose estate is subject to discontinuance.</def>

<h1>Discontinuer</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*tin"u*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who discontinues, or breaks off or away from; an absentee.</def>

<blockquote>He was no gadder abroad, not <b>discontinuer</b> from his convent for a long time.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discontinuity</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*con`ti*nu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of continuity or cohesion; disunion of parts.</def> "<i>Discontinuity</i> of surface."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Discontinuor</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*tin"u*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who deprives another of the possession of an estate by discontinuance. See <er>Discontinuance</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Discontinuous</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*tin"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not continuous; interrupted; broken off.</def>

<blockquote>A path that is zigzag, <b>discontinuous</b>, and intersected at every turn by human negligence.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exhibiting a dissolution of continuity; gaping.</def> "<i>Discontinuous</i> wound."

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>Discontinuous function</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a function which for certain values or between certain values of the variable does not vary continuously as the variable increases. The discontinuity may, for example, consist of an abrupt change in the value of the function, or an abrupt change in its law of variation, or the function may become imaginary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Disconvenience</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*ven"ience</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Unsuitableness; incongruity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Disconvenient</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis`con*ven"ient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not convenient or congruous; unsuitable; ill-adapted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Reynolds.</i>

<h1>Discophora</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*coph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ disk + <ets><?/</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of acalephs or jellyfishes, including most of the large disklike species.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*coph"o*rous</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Discord</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis"cord`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>discord</ets>, <ets>descord</ets>, OF. <ets>discorde</ets>, <ets>descorde</ets>, F. <ets>discorde</ets>, from L. <ets>discordia</ets>, fr. <ets>discors</ets>, <ets>-cordis</ets>, discordant, disagreeable; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>cor</ets>, <ets>cordis</ets>, heart; cf. F. <ets>discord</ets>, <ets>n.</ets>, and OF. <ets>descorder</ets>, <ets>discorder</ets>, F. <ets>discorder</ets>, to discord, L. <ets>discordare</ets>, from <ets>discors</ets>. See <er>Heart</er>, and cf. <er>Discord</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of concord or agreement; absence of unity or harmony in sentiment or action; variance leading to contention and strife; disagreement; -- applied to persons or to things, and to thoughts, feelings, or purposes.</def>

<blockquote>A false witness that speaketh lies, and he that soweth <b>discord</b> among brethren.
<i>Prov. vi. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Peace to arise out of universal <b>discord</b> fomented in all parts of the empire.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Union of musical sounds which strikes the ear harshly or disagreeably, owing to the incommensurability of the vibrations which they produce; want of musical concord or harmony; a chord demanding resolution into a concord.</def>

<blockquote>For a <b>discord</b> itself is but a harshness of divers sounds m<?/<?/<?/ing.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Apple of discord</col>. <cd>See under <er>Apple</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Variance; difference; opposition; contrariety; clashing; dissension; contention; strife; disagreement; dissonance.</syn>

<h1>Discord</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*cord"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>discorden</ets>, <ets>descorden</ets>, from the French. See <er>Discord</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To disagree; to be discordant; to jar; to clash; not to suit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The one <b>discording</b> with the other.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discordable</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*cord"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>descordable</ets>.]</ety> <def>That may produce discord; disagreeing; discordant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Discordance, Discordancy</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw><hw>Dis*cord"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dis*cord"an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>discordance</ets>.]</ety> <def>State or quality of being discordant; disagreement; inconsistency.</def>

<blockquote>There will arise a thousand <b>discordances</b> of opinion.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discordant</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*cord"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>discordant</ets>, <ets>descordaunt</ets>, OF. <ets>descordant</ets>, <ets>discordant</ets>, F. <ets>discordant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>discorder</ets>, OF. also, <ets>descorder</ets>. See <er>Discord</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Disagreeing; incongruous; being at variance; clashing; opposing; not harmonious.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>discordant</b> elements out of which the emperor had compounded his realm did not coalesce.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[See <er>Discord</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <p><b>2.</b>]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Dissonant; not in harmony or musical concord; harsh; jarring; <as>as, <ex>discordant</ex> notes or sounds</as>.</def>

<blockquote>For still their music seemed to start
<b>Discordant</b> echoes in each heart.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Said of strata which lack conformity in direction of bedding, either as in unconformability, or as caused by a fault.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Disagreeing; incongruous; contradictory; repugnant; opposite; contrary; inconsistent; dissonant; harsh; jarring; irreconcilable.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dis*cord"ant*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis*cord"ant*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Discordful</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*cord"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of discord; contentious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "His <i>discordful</i> dame."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Discordous</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*cord"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of discord.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Discorporate</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*cor"po*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deprived of the privileges or form of a body corporate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jas. II.</i>

<h1>Discorrespondent</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cor`re*spond"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incongruous.</def>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Discost</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*cost"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Discoast</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Discounsel</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis*coun"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>counsel</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desconseiller</ets>.]</ety> <def>To dissuade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Discount</h1>
<Xpage=421>

<hw>Dis"count`</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discounted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discounting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>desconter</ets>, <ets>descompter</ets>, to deduct, F. <ets>d\'82compter</ets> to discount; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>conter</ets>, <ets>compter</ets>. See <er>Count</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To deduct from an account, debt, charge, and the like; to make an abatement of; <as>as, merchants sometimes <ex>discount</ex> five or six per cent for prompt payment of bills</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lend money upon, deducting the discount or allowance for interest; <as>as, the banks <ex>discount</ex> notes and bills of exchange</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Discount</b> only unexceptionable paper.
<i>Walsh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take into consideration beforehand; to anticipate and form conclusions concerning (an event).</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To leave out of account; to take no notice of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Of the three opinions (I <b>discount</b> Brown's).
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="422">
Page 422<p>

<h1>Discount</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis"count`</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lend, or make a practice of lending, money, abating the discount; <as>as, the <ex>discount</ex> for sixty or ninety days</as>.</def>

<h1>Discount</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis"count`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82compte</ets>. See <er>Discount</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A counting off or deduction made from a gross sum on any account whatever; an allowance upon an account, debt, demand, price asked, and the like; something taken or deducted.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A deduction made for interest, in advancing money upon, or purchasing, a bill or note not due; payment in advance of interest upon money.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The rate of interest charged in discounting.</def>

<cs><col>At a discount</col>, <cd>below par, or below the nominal value; hence, colloquially, out of favor; poorly esteemed; depreciated.</cd> -- <col>Bank discount</col>, <cd>a sum equal to the interest at a given rate on the principal (face) of a bill or note from the time of discounting until it become due.</cd> -- <col>Discount broker</col>, <cd>one who makes a business of discounting commercial paper; a bill broker.</cd> -- <col>Discount day</col>, <cd>a particular day of the week when a bank discounts bills.</cd> -- <col>True discount</col>, <cd>the interest which, added to a principal, will equal the face of a note when it becomes due. The principal yielding this interest is the <i>present value<i> of the note.</cd></cs>

<h1>Discountable</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*count"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being, or suitable to be, discounted; <as>as, certain forms are necessary to render notes <ex>discountable</ex> at a bank</as>.</def>

<h1>Discountenance</h1>
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<hw>Dis*coun"te*nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discountenanced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discountenancing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>countenance</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>descontenancer</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82contenancer</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To ruffle or discompose the countenance of; to put of countenance; to put to shame; to abash.</def>

<blockquote>How would one look from his majestic brow . . .
<b>Discountenance</b> her despised!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The hermit was somewhat <b>discountenanced</b> by this observation.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To refuse to countenance, or give the support of one's approval to; to give one's influence against; to restrain by cold treatment; to discourage.</def>

<blockquote>A town meeting was convened to <b>discountenance</b> riot.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discountenance</h1>
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<hw>Dis*coun"te*nance</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Unfavorable aspect; unfriendly regard; cold treatment; disapprobation; whatever tends to check or discourage.</def>

<blockquote>He thought a little <b>discountenance</b> on those persons would suppress that spirit.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discountenancer</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*coun"te*nan*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who discountenances; one who disfavors.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Discounter</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis"count`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who discounts; a discount broker.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Discourage</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cour"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discouraged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discouraging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>courage</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>descoragier</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82courager</ets>: pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>corage</ets>, F. <ets>courage</ets>. See <er>Courage</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To extinguish the courage of; to dishearten; to depress the spirits of; to deprive of confidence; to deject; -- the opposite of <i>encourage</i>; <as>as, he was <ex>discouraged</ex> in his undertaking; he need not be <ex>discouraged</ex> from a like attempt.</as></def>

<blockquote>Fathers, provoke not your children to anger, lest they be <b>discouraged</b>.
<i>Col. iii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dishearten one with respect to; to discountenance; to seek to check by disfavoring; to deter one from; <as>as, they <ex>discouraged</ex> his efforts</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To dishearten; dispirit; depress; deject; dissuade; disfavor.</syn>

<h1>Discourage</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cour"age</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Lack of courage; cowardliness.</def>

<h1>Discourageable</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cour"age*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being discouraged; easily disheartened.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Discouragement</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cour"age*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>descouragement</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82couragement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of discouraging, or the state of being discouraged; depression or weakening of confidence; dejection.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which discourages; that which deters, or tends to deter, from an undertaking, or from the prosecution of anything; a determent; <as>as, the revolution was commenced under every possible <ex>discouragement</ex></as>.</def> "<i>Discouragements</i> from vice."

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Discourager</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cour"a*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who discourages.</def>

<blockquote>The promoter of truth and the <b>discourager</b> of error.
<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discouraging</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cour"a*ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing or indicating discouragement.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*cour"a*ging*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Discoure</h1>
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<hw>Dis*coure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To discover.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That none might her <b>discoure</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discourse</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*course"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discursus</ets> a running to and fro, discourse, fr. <ets>discurrere</ets>, <ets>discursum</ets>, to run to and fro, to discourse; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>currere</ets> to run: cf. F. <ets>discours</ets>. See <er>Course</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The power of the mind to reason or infer by running, as it were, from one fact or reason to another, and deriving a conclusion; an exercise or act of this power; reasoning; range of reasoning faculty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Difficult, strange, and harsh to the <b>discourses</b> of natural reason.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sure he that made us with such large <b>discourse</b>,
Looking before and after, gave us not
That capability and godlike reason
To fust in us unused.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conversation; talk.</def>

<blockquote>In their <b>discourses</b> after supper.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Filling the head with variety of thoughts, and the mouth with copious <b>discourse</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The art and manner of speaking and conversing.</def>

<blockquote>Of excellent breeding, admirable <b>discourse</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Consecutive speech, either written or unwritten, on a given line of thought; speech; treatise; dissertation; sermon, etc.; <as>as, the preacher gave us a long <ex>discourse</ex> on duty</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Dealing; transaction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Good Captain Bessus, tell us the <b>discourse</b>
Betwixt Tigranes and our king, and how
We got the victory.
<i>Beau. &  Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discourse</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*course"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discoursed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discoursing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To exercise reason; to employ the mind in judging and inferring; to reason.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Have sense or can <i>discourse</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To express one's self in oral discourse; to expose one's views; to talk in a continuous or formal manner; to hold forth; to speak; to converse.</def>

<blockquote>Bid me <b>discourse</b>, I will enchant thine ear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To relate something; to tell.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To treat of something in writing and formally.</def>

<h1>Discourse</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*course"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To treat of; to expose or set forth in language.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The life of William Tyndale . . . is sufficiently and at large <b>discoursed</b> in the book.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To utter or give forth; to speak.</def>

<blockquote>It will <b>discourse</b> mos<?/ eloquent music.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To talk to; to confer with.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I have spoken to my brother, who is the patron, to <b>discourse</b> the minister about it.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discourser</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cours"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who discourse; a narrator; a speaker; an haranguer.</def>

<blockquote>In his conversation he was the most clear <b>discourser</b>.
<i>Milward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The writer of a treatise or dissertation.</def>

<blockquote>Philologers and critical <b>discoursers</b>.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discoursive</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cours"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Discursive</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Reasoning; characterized by reasoning; passing from premises to consequences; discursive.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Containing dialogue or conversation; interlocutory.</def>

<blockquote>The epic is everywhere interlaced with dialogue or <b>discoursive</b> scenes.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Inclined to converse; conversable; communicative; <as>as, a <ex>discoursive</ex> man</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Discoursive</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cours"ive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being discoursive or able to reason.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Discourteous</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cour"te*ous</hw> <tt>(?; see <er>Courteous</er>, 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>courteous</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>discortois</ets>.]</ety> <def>Uncivil; rude; wanting in courtesy or good manners; uncourteous.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*cour"te*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis*cour"te*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Discourtesy</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cour"te*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>courtesy</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>descourtoisie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rudeness of behavior or language; ill manners; manifestation of disrespect; incivility.</def>

<blockquote>Be calm in arguing; for fierceness makes
Error a fault, and truth <b>discourtesy</b>.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discourtship</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*court"ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of courtesy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Discous</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Disc"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discus</ets> disk. See <er>Disk</er>.]</ety> <def>Disklike; discoid.</def>

<h1>Discovenant</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cov"e*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dissolve covenant with.</def>

<h1>Discover</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cov"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discovered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discovering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>discoveren</ets>, <ets>discuren</ets>, <ets>descuren</ets>, OF. <ets>descovrir</ets>, <ets>descouvrir</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82couvrir</ets>; <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>couvrir</ets> to cover. See <er>Cover</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To uncover.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whether any man hath pulled down or <b>discovered</b> any church.
<i>Abp. Grindal.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To disclose; to lay open to view; to make visible; to reveal; to make known; to show (what has been secret, unseen, or unknown).</def>

<blockquote>Go, draw aside the curtains, and <b>discover</b>
The several caskets to this noble prince.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Prosperity doth best <b>discover</b> vice; but adversity doth best <b>discover</b> virtue.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We will <b>discover</b> ourselves unto them.
<i>1 Sam. xiv. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Discover</b> not a secret to another.
<i>Prov. xxv. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To obtain for the first time sight or knowledge of, as of a thing existing already, but not perceived or known; to find; to ascertain; to espy; to detect.</def>

<blockquote>Some to <b>discover</b> islands far away.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To manifest without design; to show.</def>

<blockquote>The youth <b>discovered</b> a taste for sculpture.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To explore; to examine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- To disclose; bring out; exhibit; show; manifest; reveal; communicate; impart; tell; espy; find; out; detect. -- To <er>Discover</er>, <er>Invent</er>. We <i>discover</i> what existed before, but remained unknown; we <i>invent</i> by forming combinations which are either entirely new, or which attain their end by means unknown before. Columbus <i>discovered</i> America; Newton <i>discovered</i> the law of gravitation; Whitney <i>invented</i> the cotton gin; Galileo <i>invented</i> the telescope.</syn>

<h1>Discover</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cov"er</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To discover or show one's self.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This done, they <b>discover</b>.
<i>Decke<?/.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor was this the first time that they <b>discovered</b> to be followers of this world.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discoverability</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cov`er*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being discoverable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Discoverable</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cov"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being discovered, found out, or perceived; <as>as, many minute animals are <ex>discoverable</ex> only by the help of the microscope; truths <ex>discoverable</ex> by human industry.</as></def>

<h1>Discoverer</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cov"er*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who discovers; one who first comes to the knowledge of something; one who discovers an unknown country, or a new principle, truth, or fact.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>discoverers</b> and searchers of the land.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A scout; an explorer.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Discoverment</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cov"er*ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Discovery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Discovert</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cov"ert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82couvert</ets> uncovered, OF. <ets>descovert</ets>. See <er>Discover</er>, <er>Covert</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Not covert; not within the bonds of matrimony; unmarried; -- applied either to a woman who has never married or to a widow.</def>

<h1>Discovert</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cov"ert</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An uncovered place or part.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>At discovert</col>, <cd>uncovered. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Discoverture</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cov"er*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>coverture</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>descoverture</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Discovery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A state of being released from coverture; freedom of a woman from the coverture of a husband.</def>

<h1>Discovery</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cov"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Discoveries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The action of discovering; exposure to view; laying open; showing; <as>as, the <ex>discovery</ex> of a plot</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A making known; revelation; disclosure; <as>as, a bankrupt is bound to make a full <ex>discovery</ex> of his assets</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In the clear <b>discoveries</b> of the next [world].
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Finding out or ascertaining something previously unknown or unrecognized; <as>as, Harvey's <ex>discovery</ex> of the circulation of the blood</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A brilliant career of <b>discovery</b> and conquest.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We speak of the "invention" of printing, the <b>discovery</b> of America.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is discovered; a thing found out, or for the first time ascertained or recognized; <as>as, the properties of the magnet were an important <ex>discovery</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Exploration; examination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Discradle</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cra"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To take from a cradle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>This airy apparition first <b>discradled</b>
From Tournay into Portugal.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discredit</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cred"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>discr\'82dit</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of discrediting or disbelieving, or the state of being discredited or disbelieved; <as>as, later accounts have brought the story into <ex>discredit</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, some degree of dishonor or disesteem; ill repute; reproach; -- applied to persons or things.</def>

<blockquote>It is the duty of every Christian to be concerned for the reputation or <b>discredit</b> his life may bring on his profession.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Disesteem; disrepute; dishonor; disgrace; ignominy; scandal; disbelief; distrust.</syn>

<h1>Discredit</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cred"it</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discredited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discrediting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>discr\'82diter</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To refuse credence to; not to accept as true; to disbelieve; <as>as, the report is <ex>discredited</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive of credibility; to destroy confidence or trust in; to cause disbelief in the accuracy or authority of.</def>

<blockquote>An occasion might be given to the . . . papists of <b>discrediting</b> our common English Bible.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive of credit or good repute; to bring reproach upon; to make less reputable; to disgrace.</def>

<blockquote>He. . . least <b>discredits</b> his travels who returns the same man he went.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discreditable</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cred"it*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not creditable; injurious to reputation; disgraceful; disreputable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*cred"it*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Discreditor</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cred"it*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who discredits.</def>

<h1>Discreet</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*creet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Discreeter</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Discreetest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>discret</ets>, L. <ets>discretus</ets> separated (whence the meaning <ets>reserved</ets>, <ets>prudent</ets>), p. p. of <ets>discernere</ets>. See <er>Discern</er>, and cf. <er>Discrete</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessed of discernment, especially in avoiding error or evil, and in the adaptation of means to ends; prudent; sagacious; judicious; not rash or heedless; cautious.</def>

<blockquote>It is the <b>discreet</b> man, not the witty, nor the learned, nor the brave, who guides the conversation, and gives measures to society.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Satire 's my weapon, but I 'm too <b>discreet</b>
To run amuck, and tilt at all I meet.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The sea is silent, the sea is <b>discreet</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Differing; distinct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dis*creet"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis*creet"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Discrepance; 277, Discrepancy</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw><hw>Dis*crep"ance</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <hw>Dis*crep"an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ances</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <plw>-ancies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>disrepantia</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>discrepance</ets>. See <er>Discrepant</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being discrepant; disagreement; variance; discordance; dissimilarity; contrariety.</def>

<blockquote>There hath been ever a <b>discrepance</b> of vesture of youth and age, men and women.
<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is no real <b>discrepancy</b> between these two genealogies.
<i>G. S. Faber.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discrepant</h1>
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<hw>Dis*crep"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discrepans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>discrepare</ets> to sound differently or discordantly; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>crepare</ets> to rattle, creak: cf. OF. <ets>discrepant</ets>. See <er>Crepitate</er>.]</ety> <def>Discordant; at variance; disagreeing; contrary; different.</def>

<blockquote>The Egyptians were . . . the most oddly <b>discrepant</b> from the rest in their manner of worship.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discrepant</h1>
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<hw>Dis*crep"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dissident.</def>

<i>J. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Discrete</h1>
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<hw>Dis*crete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discretus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>discernere</ets>. See <er>Discreet</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Separate; distinct; disjunct.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disjunctive; containing a disjunctive or discretive clause; <as>as, "I resign my life, but not my honor," is a <ex>discrete</ex> proposition</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Separate; not coalescent; -- said of things usually coalescent.</def>

<cs><col>Discrete movement</col>. <cd>See <cref>Concrete movement of the voice</cref>, under <er>Concrete</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>Discrete proportion</col>, <cd>proportion where the ratio of the <i>means<i> is different from that of either couplet; as, 3:6::8:16, 3 bearing the same proportion to 6 as 8 does to 16. But 3 is not to 6 as 6 to 8. It is thus opposed to <i>continued<i> or <i>continual proportion<i>; as, 3:6::12:24.</cd> -- <col>Discrete quantity</col>, <cd>that which must be divided into units, as number, and is opposed to <i>continued quantity<i>, as duration, or extension.</cd></cs>

<h1>Discrete</h1>
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<hw>Dis*crete"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To separate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Discretely</h1>
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<hw>Dis*crete"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Separately; disjunctively.</def>

<h1>Discretion</h1>
<Xpage=422>

<hw>Dis*cre"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>discr\'82tion</ets>, L. <ets>discretio</ets> separation, difference, discernment, fr. <ets>discernere</ets>, <ets>discretum</ets>. See <er>Discreet</er>, <er>Discern</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Disjunction; separation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mede.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of being discreet; wise conduct and management; cautious discernment, especially as to matters of propriety and self-control; prudence; circumspection; wariness.</def>

<blockquote>The better part of valor is <b>discretion</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The greatest parts without <b>discretion</b> may be fatal to their owner.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Discrimination.</def>

<blockquote>Well spoken, with good accent and good <b>discretion</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Freedom to act according to one's own judgment; unrestrained exercise of choice or will.</def>

<cs><col>At discretion</col>, <cd>without conditions or stipulations.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="423">
Page 423<p>

<h1>Discretional, Discretionary</h1>
<Xpage=423>

<hw><hw>Dis*cre"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dis*cre"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw><ety>[Cf. F. <ets>discr\'82tionnaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Left to discretion; unrestrained except by discretion or judgment; <as>as, an ambassador with <ex>discretionary</ex> powers</as>.</def>

<h1>Discretionally, Discretionarily</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dis*cre"tion*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dis*cre"tion*a*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>At discretion; according to one's discretion or judgment.</def>

<h1>Discretive</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cre"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discretivus</ets>. See <er>Discrete</er>.]</ety> <def>Marking distinction or separation; disjunctive.</def>

<cs><col>Discretive proposition</col> <fld>(Logic & Gram.)</fld>, <cd>one that expresses distinction, opposition, or variety, by means of <i>discretive<i> particles, as <i>but<i>, <i>though<i>, <i>yet<i>, etc.; as, travelers change their climate, <i>but<i> not their temper.</cd></cs>

<h1>Discretively</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cre"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a discretive manner.</def>

<h1>Discriminable</h1>
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<hw>Dis*crim"i*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being discriminated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Discriminal</h1>
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<hw>Dis*crim"i*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discriminalis</ets> serving to divide.]</ety> <def>In palmistry, applied to the line which marks the separation between the hand and the arm.</def>

<h1>Discriminant</h1>
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<hw>Dis*crim"i*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discriminans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>discriminare</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The eliminant of the <i>n</i> partial differentials of any homogenous function of <i>n</i> variables. See <er>Eliminant</er>.</def>

<h1>Discriminate</h1>
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<hw>Dis*crim"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discriminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>discriminare</ets> to divide, separate, fr. <ets>discrimen</ets> division, distinction, decision, fr. <ets>discernere</ets>. See <er>Discern</er>, and cf. <er>Criminate</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the difference marked; distinguished by certain tokens.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Discriminate</h1>
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<hw>Dis*crim"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discriminated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discriminating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To set apart as being different; to mark as different; to separate from another by discerning differences; to distinguish.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>To <b>discriminate</b> the goats from the sheep.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discriminate</h1>
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<hw>Dis*crim"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a difference or distinction; to distinguish accurately; <as>as, in judging of evidence, we should be careful to <ex>discriminate</ex> between probability and slight presumption</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To treat unequally</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Railroads)</fld> <def>To impose unequal tariffs for substantially the same service.</def>

<h1>Discriminately</h1>
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<hw>Dis*crim"i*nate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a discriminating manner; distinctly.</def>

<h1>Discriminateness</h1>
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<hw>Dis*crim"i*nate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being discriminated; distinctness.</def>

<h1>Discriminating</h1>
<Xpage=423>

<hw>Dis*crim"i*na`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marking a difference; distinguishing.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*crim"i*na`ting*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>And finds with keen <b>discriminating</b> sight,
Black's not so black; -- nor white so very white.
<i>Canning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discrimination</h1>
<Xpage=423>

<hw>Dis*crim`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discriminatio</ets> the contrasting of opposite thoughts.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of discriminating, distinguishing, or noting and marking differences.</def>

<blockquote>To make an anxious <b>discrimination</b> between the miracle absolute and providential.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being discriminated, distinguished, or set apart.</def>

<i>Sir J. Reynolds.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Railroads)</fld> <def>The arbitrary imposition of unequal tariffs for substantially the same service.</def>

<blockquote>A difference in rates, not based upon any corresponding difference in cost, constitutes a case of <b>discrimination</b>.
<i>A. T. Hadley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The quality of being discriminating; faculty of nicely distinguishing; acute discernment; <as>as, to show great <ex>discrimination</ex> in the choice of means</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which discriminates; mark of distinction.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Discernment; penetration; clearness; acuteness; judgment; distinction. See <er>Discernment</er>.</syn>

<h1>Discriminative</h1>
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<hw>Dis*crim"i*na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Marking a difference; distinguishing; distinctive; characteristic.</def>

<blockquote>That peculiar and <b>discriminative</b> form of life.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Observing distinctions; making differences; discriminating.</def> "<i>Discriminative</i> censure." <i>J. Foster</i>. "<i>Discriminative</i> Providence."

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Discriminatively</h1>
<Xpage=423>

<hw>Dis*crim"i*na*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With discrimination or distinction.</def>

<i>J. Foster.</i>

<h1>Discriminator</h1>
<Xpage=423>

<hw>Dis*crim"i*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>One who discriminates.</def>

<h1>Discriminatory</h1>
<Xpage=423>

<hw>Dis*crim"i*na*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Discriminative.</def>

<h1>Discriminous</h1>
<Xpage=423>

<hw>Dis*crim"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>discriminosus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>discrimen</ets> the dangerous, decisive moment. See <er>Discriminate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Hazardous; dangerous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Discrive</h1>
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<hw>Dis*crive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>descrivre</ets>. See <er>Describe</er>.]</ety> <def>To describe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Discrown</h1>
<Xpage=423>

<hw>Dis*crown"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discrowned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discrowning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deprive of a crown.</def>

<blockquote>The end had crowned the work; it not unreasonably <b>discrowned</b> the workman.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discruciate</h1>
<Xpage=423>

<hw>Dis*cru"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discruciated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discruciating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>discruciatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>discruciare</ets>. See <er>Cruciate</er>.]</ety> <def>To torture; to excruciate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Discruciate</b> a man in deep distress.
<i>Herrick.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discubitory</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cu"bi*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discumbere</ets>, <ets>discubitum</ets>, to lie down, recline at table; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>cumbere</ets> (in comp.) to lie down.]</ety> <def>Leaning; fitted for a reclining posture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Disculpate</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cul"pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disculpated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disculpating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>disculpatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>disculpare</ets> to disculpate; <ets>dis-</ets> + L. <ets>culpare</ets> to blame, <ets>culpa</ets> fault.]</ety> <def>To free from blame or the imputation of a fault; to exculpate.</def>

<blockquote>I almost fear you think I begged it, but I can <b>disculpate</b> myself.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disculpation</h1>
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<hw>Dis`cul*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>disculpation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Exculpation.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Disculpatory</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cul"pa*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to exculpate; exculpatory.</def>

<h1>Discumbency</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cum"ben*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>discumbens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>discumbere</ets>. See <er>Discubitory</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of reclining at table according to the manner of the ancients at their meals.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Discumber</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cum"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>cumber</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>descombrer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To free from that which cumbers or impedes; to disencumber.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Discure</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Discover</er>.]</ety> <def>To discover; to reveal; to discoure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I will, if please you it <b>discure</b>, assay
To ease you of that ill, so wisely as I may.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discurrent</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cur"rent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not current or free to circulate; not in use.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir E. Sandys.</i>

<h1>Discursion</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cur"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>discursio</ets> a running different ways. See <er>Discourse</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of discoursing or reasoning; range, as from thought to thought.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Discursist</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cur"sist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A discourser.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>L. Addison.</i>

<h1>Discursive</h1>
<Xpage=423>

<hw>Dis*cur"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>discursif</ets>. See <er>Discourse</er>, and cf. <er>Discoursive</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Passing from one thing to another; ranging over a wide field; roving; digressive; desultory.</def> "<i>Discursive</i> notices."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<blockquote>The power he [Shakespeare] delights to show is not intense, but <b>discursive</b>.
<i>Hazlitt.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A man rather tacit than <b>discursive</b>.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reasoning; proceeding from one ground to another, as in reasoning; argumentative.</def>

<blockquote>Reason is her being,
<b>Discursive</b> or intuitive.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dis*cur"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis*cur"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Discursory</h1>
<Xpage=423>

<hw>Dis*cur`so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Argumentative; discursive; reasoning.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Discursus</h1>
<Xpage=423>

<hw>Dis*cur"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Argumentation; ratiocination; discursive reasoning.</def>

<h1>Discus</h1>
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<hw>Dis"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Discuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Disci</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Disk</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A quoit; a circular plate of some heavy material intended to be pitched or hurled as a trial of strength and skill</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The exercise with the discus.</def>

<note>&hand; This among the Greeks was one of the chief gymnastic exercises and was included in the Pentathlon (the contest of the five exercises). The chief contest was that of throwing the discus to the greatest possible distance.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A disk. See <er>Disk</er>.</def>

<h1>Discuss</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cuss"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Discussed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Discussing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>discussus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>discutere</ets> to strike asunder (hence came the sense <ets>to separate mentally</ets>, <ets>distinguish</ets>); <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>quatere</ets> to shake, strike. See <er>Quash</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To break to pieces; to shatter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To break up; to disperse; to scatter; to dissipate; to drive away; -- said especially of tumors.</def>

<blockquote>Many arts were used to <b>discuss</b> the beginnings of new affection.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A pomade . . . of virtue to <b>discuss</b> pimples.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To shake; to put away; to finish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All regard of shame she had <b>discussed</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To examine in detail or by disputation; to reason upon by presenting favorable and adverse considerations; to debate; to sift; to investigate; to ventilate.</def> "We sat and . . . <i>discussed</i> the farm . . . and the price of grain." <i>Tennyson</i>. "To <i>discuss</i> questions of taste."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To deal with, in eating or drinking.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>We sat quietly down and <b>discussed</b> a cold fowl that we had brought with us.
<i>Sir S. Baker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To examine or search thoroughly; to exhaust a remedy against, as against a principal debtor before proceeding against the surety.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Discuss</er>, <er>Examine</er>, <er>Debate</er>. We speak of <i>examining</i> a subject when we ponder it with care, in order to discover its real state, or the truth respecting it. We speak of <i>discussing</i> a topic when we examine it thoroughly in its distinct parts. The word is very commonly applied to matters of opinion. We may <i>discuss</i> a subject without giving in an adhesion to any conclusion. We speak of <i>debating</i> a point when we examine it in mutual argumentation between opposing parties. In <i>debate</i> we contend for or against some conclusion or view.</syn>

<h1>Discusser</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cuss"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who discusses; one who sifts or examines.</def>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Discussion</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cus"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discussio</ets> a shaking, examination, discussion: cf. F. <ets>discussion</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of discussing by breaking up, or dispersing, as a tumor, or the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of discussing or exchanging reasons; examination by argument; debate; disputation; agitation.</def>

<blockquote>The liberty of <b>discussion</b> is the great safeguard of all other liberties.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Discussion of a problem</col> &or; <col>an equation</col></mcol> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the operation of assigning different reasonable values to the arbitrary quantities and interpreting the result.</cd></cs>

<i>Math. Dict.</i>

<h1>Discussional</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cus"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to discussion.</def>

<h1>Discussive</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cuss"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>discussif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Able or tending to discuss or disperse tumors or coagulated matter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Doubt-dispelling; decisive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A kind of peremptory and <b>discussive</b> voice.
<i>Hopkins.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Discussive</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cuss"ive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine that discusses or disperses morbid humors; a discutient.</def>

<h1>Discutient</h1>
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<hw>Dis*cu"tient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discutiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>discutere</ets>. See <er>Discuss</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Serving to disperse morbid matter; discussive; <as>as, a <ex>discutient</ex> application</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An agent (as a medicinal application) which serves to disperse morbid matter.</def> "Foment with <i>discutiens</i>."</def2>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Disdain</h1>
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<hw>Dis*dain"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>desdain</ets>, <ets>disdein</ets>, OF. <ets>desdein</ets>, <ets>desdaing</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82dain</ets>, fr. the verb. See <er>Disdain</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A feeling of contempt and aversion; the regarding anything as unworthy of or beneath one; scorn.</def>

<blockquote>How my soul is moved with just <b>disdain</b>!
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>Often implying an idea of haughtiness.</note>

<blockquote><b>Disdain</b> and scorn ride sparkling in her eyes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is worthy to be disdained or regarded with contempt and aversion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Most loathsome, filthy, foul, and full of vile <b>disdain</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of being despised; shame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Haughtiness; scorn; contempt; arrogance; pride. See <er>Haughtiness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Disdain</h1>
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<hw>Dis*dain"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disdained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disdaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>disdainen</ets>, <ets>desdainen</ets>, OF. <ets>desdeigner</ets>, <ets>desdaigner</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82daigner</ets>; <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>daigner</ets> to deign, fr. L. <ets>dignari</ets> to deem worthy. See <er>Deign</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To think unworthy; to deem unsuitable or unbecoming; <as>as, to <ex>disdain</ex> to do a mean act</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Disdaining</b> . . . that any should bear the armor of the best knight living.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reject as unworthy of one's self, or as not deserving one's notice; to look with scorn upon; to scorn, as base acts, character, etc.</def>

<blockquote>When the Philistine . . . saw Dawid, he <b>disdained</b> him; for he was but a youth.
<i>1 Sam. xvii. 42.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>'T is great, 't manly to <b>disdain</b> disguise.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To contemn; despise; scorn. See <er>Contemn</er>.</syn>

<h1>Disdain</h1>
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<hw>Dis*dain"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be filled with scorn; to feel contemptuous anger; to be haughty.</def>

<blockquote>And when the chief priests and scribes saw the marvels that he did . . . they <b>disdained</b>.
<i>Genevan Testament (Matt. xxi. 15).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disdained</h1>
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<hw>Dis*dained"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disdainful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Revenge the jeering and <b>disdained</b> contempt
Of this proud king.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disdainful</h1>
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<hw>Dis*dain"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of disdain; expressing disdain; scornful; contemptuous; haughty.</def>

<blockquote>From these
Turning <b>disdainful</b> to an equal good.
<i>Akenside.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dis*dain"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis*dain"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Disdainishly</h1>
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<hw>Dis*dain"ish*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Disdainfully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Vives.</i>

<h1>Disdainous</h1>
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<hw>Dis*dain"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>desdeignos</ets>, <ets>desdaigneux</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82daigneux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disdainful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Disdainously</h1>
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<hw>Dis*dain"ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Disdainfully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Disdeify</h1>
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<hw>Dis*de"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To divest or deprive of deity or of a deific rank or condition.</def>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Disdeign</h1>
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<hw>Dis*deign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To disdain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Guyon much <b>disdeigned</b> so loathly sight.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disdiaclast</h1>
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<hw>Dis*di"a*clast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ twice + <?/ to break in twain; <?/ through + <?/ to break.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>One of the dark particles forming the doubly refracting disks of muscle fibers.</def>

<h1>Disdiapason</h1>
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<hw>Dis*di`a*pa"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> (Gr. <?/) + <ets>diapason</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Mus.)</fld> <def>An interval of two octaves, or a fifteenth; -- called also <altname>bisdiapason</altname>.</def>

<h1>DIsease</h1>
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<hw>DIs*ease"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>disese</ets>, OF. <ets>desaise</ets>; <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>aise</ets> ease. See <er>Ease</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Lack of ease; uneasiness; trouble; vexation; disquiet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So all that night they passed in great <b>disease</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To shield thee from <b>diseases</b> of the world.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An alteration in the state of the body or of some of its organs, interrupting or disturbing the performance of the vital functions, and causing or threatening pain and weakness; malady; affection; illness; sickness; disorder; -- applied figuratively to the mind, to the moral character and habits, to institutions, the state, etc.</def>

<blockquote><b>Diseases</b> desperate grown,
By desperate appliances are relieved.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The instability, injustice, and confusion introduced into the public counsels have, in truth, been the mortal <b>diseases</b> under which popular governments have every where perished.
<i>Madison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Disease germ</col>. <cd>See under <er>Germ</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Distemper; ailing; ailment; malady; disorder; sickness; illness; complaint; indisposition; affection. -- <er>Disease</er>, <er>Disorder</er>, <er>Distemper</er>, <er>Malady</er>, <er>Affection</er>. <i>Disease</i> is the leading medical term. <i>Disorder</i> mean<?/ much the same, with perhaps some slight reference to an <i>irregularity</i> of the system. <i>Distemper</i> is now used by physicians only of the diseases of animals. <i>Malady</i> is not a medical term, and is less used than formerly in literature. <i>Affection</i> has special reference to the part, organ, or function disturbed; <as>as, his <ex>disease</ex> is an <ex>affection</ex> of the lungs</as>. A <i>disease</i> is usually deep-seated and permanent, or at least prolonged; a <i>disorder</i> is often slight, partial, and temporary; <i>malady</i> has less of a technical sense than the other terms, and refers more especially to the suffering endured. In a figurative sense we speak of a <i>disease</i> mind, of <i>disordered</i> faculties, and of mental <i>maladies</i>.</syn>

<h1>Disease</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ease"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Diseased</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Diseasing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To deprive of ease; to disquiet; to trouble; to distress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His double burden did him sore <b>disease</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To derange the vital functions of; to afflict with disease or sickness; to disorder; -- used almost exclusively in the participle <i>diseased</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He was <b>diseased</b> in body and mind.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diseased</h1>
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<hw>Dis*eased"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Afflicted with disease.</def>

<blockquote>It is my own <b>diseased</b> imagination that torments me.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Morbid</er>.</syn>

<h1>Diseasedness</h1>
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<hw>Dis*eas"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being diseased; a morbid state; sickness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>T. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Diseaseful</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ease"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Causing uneasiness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Disgraceful to the king and <b>diseaseful</b> to the people.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Abounding with disease; producing diseases; <as>as, a <ex>diseaseful</ex> climate</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Diseasefulness</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ease"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being diseaseful; trouble; trial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Diseasement</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ease"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Uneasiness; inconvenience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Disedge</h1>
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<hw>Dis*edge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of an edge; to blunt; to dull.</def>

<blockquote>Served a little to <b>disedge</b>
The sharpness of that pain about her heart.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disedify</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ed"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fail of edifying; to injure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Diselder</h1>
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<hw>Dis*eld"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of an elder or elders, or of the office of an elder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Diselenide</h1>
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<hw>Di*sel"e*nide</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>selenide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A selenide containing two atoms of selenium in each molecule.</def>

<h1>Disembark</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*bark"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disembarked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disembarking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>embark</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82sembarquer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To remove from on board a vessel; to put on shore; to land; to debark; <as>as, the general <ex>disembarked</ex> the troops</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="424">
Page 424<p>

<blockquote>Go to the bay, and <b>disembark</b> my coffers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disembark</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*bark"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To go ashore out of a ship or boat; to leave a ship; to debark.</def>

<blockquote>And, making fast their moorings, <b>disembarked</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disembarkation</h1>
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<hw>Dis*em`bar*ka"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disembarking.</def>

<h1>Disembarkment</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*bark"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disembarkation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disembarrass</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*bar"rass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disembarrassed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disembarrassing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>embarrass</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82sembarasser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To free from embarrassment, or perplexity; to clear; to extricate.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>disembarrass</b> himself of his companion.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disembarrassment</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*bar"rass*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Freedom or relief from impediment or perplexity.</def>

<h1>Disembay</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*bay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disembayed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disembaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>embay</ets>.]</ety> <def>To clear from a bay.</def>

<i>Sherburne.</i>

<h1>Disembellish</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*bel"lish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>embellish</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82sembellir</ets>.]</ety> <def>To deprive of embellishment; to disadorn.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Disembitter</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*bit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To free from</def>

<h1>Disembodied</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*bod"ied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Divested of a body; ceased to be corporal; incorporeal.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>disembodied</b> spirits of the dead.
<i>Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disembodiment</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*bod"i*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disembodying, or the state of being disembodied.</def>

<h1>Disembody</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*bod"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disembodied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disembodying</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To divest of the or corporeal existence.</def>

<blockquote>Devils embodied and <b>disembodied</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To disarm and disband, as a body of soldiers,-</def>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<h1>Disembogue</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*bogue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disembogued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disemboguing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Sp. <ets>desembocar</ets>; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>embocar</ets> to put into the mouth, fr. <ets>en</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>boca</ets> mouth, fr. L. <ets>bucca</ets> cheek. Cf. <er>Debouch</er>, <er>Embogue</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To pour out or discharge at the mouth, as a stream; to vent; to discharge into an ocean, a lake, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Rolling down, the steep Timav<?/s raves,
And through nine channels <b>disembogues</b> his waves.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To eject; to cast forth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Disembogue</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*bogue"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become discharged; to flow put; to find vent; to pour out contents.</def>

<blockquote>Volcanos bellow ere they <b>disembogue</b>.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disemboguement</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*bogue"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disemboguing; discharge.</def>

<i>Mease.</i>

<h1>Disembossom</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*bos"som</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To separate from the bosom.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Disembowel</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*bow"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Embowel</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To take or let out the bowels or interior parts of; to eviscerate.</def>

<blockquote>Soon after their death, they are <b>disemboweled</b>.
<i>Cook.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Roaring floods and cataracts that sweep
From <b>disemboweled</b> earth the virgin gold.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take or draw from the body, as the web of a spider.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Her <i>disemboweled</i> web."

<i>J. Philips.</i>

<h1>Disembowelment</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*bow"el*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disemboweling, or state of being disemboweled; evisceration.</def>

<h1>Disembowered</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*bow"ered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deprived of, or removed from, a bower.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Bryant.</i>

<h1>Disembrangle</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*bran"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>em</ets> = <ets>en</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>brangle</ets>.]</ety> <def>To free from wrangling or litigation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<h1>Disembroil</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*broil"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disembroiled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disembroiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>embroil</ets>.]</ety> <def>To disentangle; to free from perplexity; to extricate from confusion.</def>

<blockquote>Vaillant has <b>disembroiled</b> a history that was lost to the world before his time.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disemploy</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*ploy"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To throw out of employment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Disemployment</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*ploy"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being disemployed, or deprived of employment.</def>

<blockquote>This glut of leisure and <b>disemployment</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disempower</h1>
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<hw>Dis`em*pow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of power; to divest of strength.</def>

<i>H. Bushnell.</i>

<h1>Disenable</h1>
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<hw>Dis`en*a"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>enable</ets>.]</ety> <def>To disable; to disqualify.</def>

<blockquote>The sight of it might damp me and <b>disenable</b> me to speak.
<i>State Trials (1640).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disenamor</h1>
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<hw>Dis`en*am"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To free from the captivity of love.</def>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Disenchained</h1>
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<hw>Dis`en*chained"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Freed from restraint; unrestrained.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>E. A. Poe.</i>

<h1>Disenchant</h1>
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<hw>Dis`en*chant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disenchanted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disenchanting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>enchant</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82senchanter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To free from enchantment; to deliver from the power of charms or spells; to free from fascination or delusion.</def>

<blockquote>Haste to thy work; a noble stroke or two
Ends all the charms, and <b>disenchants</b> the grove.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disenchanter</h1>
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<hw>Dis`en*chant"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, disenchants.</def>

<h1>Disenchantment</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`en*chant"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>enchantment</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82senchantement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of disenchanting, or state of being disenchanted.</def>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Disencharm</h1>
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<hw>Dis`en*charm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>en</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>charm</ets>.]</ety> <def>To free from the influence of a charm or spell; to disenchant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Disenclose</h1>
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<hw>Dis`en*close</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Disinclose</er>.</def>

<h1>Disencouragement</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`en*cour"age*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Discouragement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<h1>Disencrese</h1>
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<hw>Dis`en*crese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + OE. <ets>encrese</ets>, E. <ets>increase</ets>.]</ety> <def>To decrease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Disencrese</h1>
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<hw>Dis`en*crese"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Decrease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disencumber</h1>
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<hw>Dis`en*cum"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disencumbered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disencumbering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>encumber</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82sencombrer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To free from encumbrance, or from anything which clogs, impedes, or obstructs; to disburden.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<blockquote>I have <b>disencumbered</b> myself from rhyme.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disencumbrance</h1>
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<hw>Dis`en*cum"brance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Freedom or deliverance from encumbrance, or anything burdensome or troublesome.</def>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<h1>Disendow</h1>
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<hw>Dis`en*dow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of an endowment, as a church.</def>

<i>Gladstone.</i>

<h1>Disendowment</h1>
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<hw>Dis`en*dow"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of depriving of an endowment or endowments.</def>

<blockquote>[The] <b>disendowment</b> of the Irish Church.
<i>G. B. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disenfranchise</h1>
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<hw>Dis`en*fran"chise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To disfranchise; to deprive of the rights of a citizen.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis`en*fran"chise*ment</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Disengage</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`en*gage"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disengaged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disengaging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>engage</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82sengager</ets>.]</ety> <def>To release from that with which anything is engaged, engrossed, involved, or entangled; to extricate; to detach; to set free; to liberate; to clear; <as>as, to <ex>disengage</ex> one from a party, from broils and controversies, from an oath, promise, or occupation; to <ex>disengage</ex> the affections a favorite pursuit, the mind from study.</as></def>

<blockquote>To <b>disengage</b> him and the kingdom, great sums were to be borrowed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Caloric and light must be <b>disengaged</b> during the process.
<i>Transl. of Lavoisier.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To liberate; free; loose; extricate; clear; disentangle; detach; withdraw; wean.</syn>

<h1>Disengage</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`en*gage"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To release one's self; to become detached; to free one's self.</def>

<blockquote>From a friends's grave how soon we <b>disengage</b>!
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disengaged</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`en*gaged"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not engaged; free from engagement; at leisure; free from occupation or care; vacant.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis`en*ga"ged*ness</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Disengagement</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`en*gage"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>engagement</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82sengagement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of disengaging or setting free, or the state of being disengaged.</def>

<blockquote>It is easy to render this <b>disengagement</b> of caloric and light evident to the senses.
<i>Transl. of Lavoisier.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>disengagement</b> from earthly trammels.
<i>Sir W. Jones.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Freedom from engrossing occupation; leisure.</def>

<blockquote><b>Disengagement</b> is absolutely necessary to enjoyment.
<i>Bp. Butler.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disengaging</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`en*ga"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Loosing; setting free; detaching.</def>

<cs><col>Disengaging machinery</col>. <cd>See under <er>Engaging</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Disennoble</h1>
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<hw>Dis`en*no"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of that which ennobles; to degrade.</def>

<blockquote>An unworthy behavior degrades and <b>disennobles</b> a man.
<i>Guardian.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disenroll</h1>
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<hw>Dis`en*roll"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disenrolled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disenrolling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To erase from a roll or list.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>disenrol</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Disensanity</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`en*san"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>en</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>sanity</ets>.]</ety> <def>Insanity; folly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What tediosity and <b>disensanity</b>
Is here among!
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disenshrouded</h1>
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<hw>Dis`en*shroud"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Freed from a shroudlike covering; unveiled.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>disenshrouded</b> statue.
<i>R. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disenslave</h1>
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<hw>Dis`en*slave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To free from bondage or slavery; to disenthrall.</def>

<blockquote>He shall <b>disenslave</b> and redeem his soul.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disentail</h1>
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<hw>Dis`en*tail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To free from entailment.</def>

<h1>Disentangle</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`en*tan"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disentangled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disentangling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To free from entanglement; to release from a condition of being intricately and confusedly involved or interlaced; to reduce to orderly arrangement; to straighten out; <as>as, to <ex>disentangle</ex> a skein of yarn</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To extricate from complication and perplexity; disengage from embarrassing connection or intermixture; to disembroil; to set free; to separate.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>disentangle</b> truth from error.
<i>Stewart.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To extricate and <b>disentangle</b> themselves out of this labyrinth.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A mind free and <b>disentangled</b> from all corporeal mixtures.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To loose; extricate; disembarrass; disembroil; clear; evolve; disengage; separate; detach.</syn>

<h1>Disentanglement</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`en*tan"gle*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disentangling or clearing from difficulties.</def>

<i>Warton.</i>

<h1>Disenter</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`en*ter"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Disinter</er>.</def>

<h1>Disenthrall</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`en*thrall"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Enthrall</er>.]</ety> <def>To release from thralldom or slavery; to give freedom to; to disinthrall.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>disenthral</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Disenthrallment</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`en*thrall"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Liberation from bondage; emancipation; disinthrallment.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>disenthralment</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Disenthrone</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`en*throne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dethrone; to depose from sovereign authority.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Disentitle</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`en*ti"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of title or claim.</def>

<blockquote>Every ordinary offense does not <b>disentitle</b> a son to the love of his father.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disentomb</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`en*tomb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To take out from a tomb; a disinter.</def>

<h1>Disentrail</h1>
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<hw>Dis`en*trail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To disembowel; to let out or draw forth, as the entrails.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>As if he thought her soul to <b>disentrail</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disentrance</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`en*trance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To awaken from a trance or an enchantment.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Disentwine</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`en*twine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To free from being entwined or twisted.</def>

<i>Shelley.</i>

<h1>Disepalous</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Di*sep"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>sepalous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two sepals; two-sepaled.</def>

<h1>Disert</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*ert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disertus</ets>, for <ets>dissertus</ets>, p. p.: cf. F. <ets>disert</ets>. See <er>Dissert</er>.]</ety> <def>Eloquent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disertitude</h1>
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<hw>Dis*er"ti*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disertitud</ets><?/.]</ety> <def>Eloquence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Diserty</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*ert"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Expressly; clearly; eloquently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Disespouse</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`es*pouse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To release from espousal or plighted faith.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Disestablish</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`es*tab"lish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To unsettle; to break up (anything established); to deprive, as a church, of its connection with the state.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Disestablishment</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`es*tab"lish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of unsettling or breaking up that which has been established; specifically, the withdrawal of the support of the state from an established church; <as>as, the <ex>disestablishment</ex> and disendowment of the Irish Church by Act of Parliament</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The condition of being disestablished.</def>

<h1>Disesteem</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`es*teem"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of esteem; low estimation, inclining to dislike; disfavor; disrepute.</def>

<blockquote><b>Disesteem</b> and contempt of the public affairs.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disesteem</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`es*teem"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disesteemed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disesteeming</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To feel an absence of esteem for; to regard with disfavor or slight contempt; to slight.</def>

<blockquote>But if this sacred gift you <b>disesteem</b>.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Qualities which society does not <b>disesteem</b>.
<i>Ld. Lytton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive of esteem; to bring into disrepute; to cause to be regarded with disfavor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What fables have you vexed, what truth redeemed,
Antiquities searched, opinions <b>disesteemed</b>?
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disesteemer</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis`es*teem"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disesteems.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Disestimation</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*es`ti*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disesteem.</def>

<h1>Disexercise</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*ex"er*cise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of exercise; to leave untrained.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>By <b>disexercising</b> and blunting our abilities.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disfame</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*fame"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disrepute.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Disfancy</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*fan"cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dislike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disfashion</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*fash"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>fashion</ets>. See <er>Fashion</er>, and cf. <er>Defeat</er>.]</ety> <def>To disfigure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Disfavor</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*fa"vor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>favor</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>disfaveur</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82faveur</ets>.]</ety> <def</def>><altsp>[Written also <asp>disfavour</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of favor of favorable regard; disesteem; disregard.</def>

<blockquote>The people that deserved my <b>disfavor</b>.
<i>Is. x. 6 (1551).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sentiment of <b>disfavor</b> against its ally.
<i>Gladstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of not being in favor; a being under the displeasure of some one; state of unacceptableness; <as>as, to be in <ex>disfavor</ex> at court</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An unkindness; a disobliging act.</def>

<blockquote>He might dispense favors and <b>disfavors</b>.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disfavor</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*fa"vor</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disfavored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disfavoring</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To withhold or withdraw favor from; to regard with disesteem; to show disapprobation of; to discountenance.</def>

<blockquote>Countenanced or <b>disfavored</b> according as they obey.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To injure the form or looks of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Disfavorable</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*fa"vor*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82favorable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unfavorable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Stow.</i>

<h1>Disfavorably</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*fa"vor*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Unpropitiously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disfavorer</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*fa"vor*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disfavors.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Disfeature</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*fea"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Defeature</er>.]</ety> <def>To deprive of features; to mar the features of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disfellowship</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*fel"low*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fellowship</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To exclude from fellowship; to refuse intercourse with, as an associate.</def>

<blockquote>An attempt to <b>disfellowship</b> an evil, but to fellowship the evildoer.
<i>Freewill Bapt. Quart.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disfiguration</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*fig`u*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Disfigure</er>, and cf. <er>Defiguration</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of disfiguring, or the state of being disfigured; defacement; deformity; disfigurement.</def>

<i>Gauden.</i>

<h1>Disfigure</h1>
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<hw>Dis*fig"ure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disfigured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disfiguring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>desfigurer</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82figurer</ets>; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>figurer</ets> to fashion, shape, fr. L. <ets>figurare</ets>, fr. <ets>figura</ets> figure. See <er>Figure</er>, and cf. <er>Defiguration</er>.]</ety> <def>To mar the figure of; to render less complete, perfect, or beautiful in appearance; to deface; to deform.</def>

<blockquote><b>Disfiguring</b> not God's likeness, but their own.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To deface; deform; mar; injure.</syn>

<h1>Disfigure</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*fig"ure</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disfigurement; deformity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Disfigurement</h1>
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<hw>Dis*fig"ure*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of disfiguring, or state of being disfigured; deformity.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which disfigures; a defacement; a blot.</def>

<blockquote>Uncommon expressions . . . are a <b>disfigurement</b> rather than any embellishment of discourse.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disfigurer</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*fig"ur*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disfigures.</def>

<h1>Disflesh</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*flesh"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reduce the flesh or obesity of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Disforest</h1>
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<hw>Dis*for"est</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To disafforest.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To clear or deprive of forests or trees.</def>

<h1>Disforestation</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*for`es*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of clearing land of forests.</def>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Disformity</h1>
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<hw>Dis*form"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Deformity</er>.]</ety> <def>Discordance or diversity of form; unlikeness in form.</def>

<blockquote>Uniformity or <b>disformity</b> in comparing together the respective figures of bodies.
<i>S. Clarke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disfranchise</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*fran"chise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disfranchised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disfranchising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Diffranchise</er>.]</ety> <def>To deprive of a franchise or chartered right; to dispossess of the rights of a citizen, or of a particular privilege, as of voting, holding office, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Sir William Fitzwilliam was <b>disfranchised</b>.
<i>Fabyan (1509).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He was partially <b>disfranchised</b> so as to be made incapable of taking part in public affairs.
<i>Thirlwall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disfranchisement</h1>
<Xpage=424>

<hw>Dis*fran"chise*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disfranchising, or the state disfranchised; deprivation of privileges of citizenship or of chartered immunities.</def>

<blockquote>Sentenced first to dismission from the court, and then to <b>disfranchisement</b> and expulsion from the colony.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="425">
Page 425<p>

<h1>Disfriar</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*fri"ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To depose or withdraw from the condition of a friar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Many did quickly unnun and <b>disfriar</b> themselves.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disfrock</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*frock"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To unfrock.</def>

<h1>Disfurnish</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*fur"nish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disfurnished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disfurnishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>furnish</ets>.]</ety> <def>To deprive of that with which anything is furnished (furniture, equipments, etc.); to strip; to render destitute; to divest.</def>

<blockquote>I am a thing obscure, <b>disfurnished</b> of
All merit, that can raise me higher.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disfurnishment</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*fur"nish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disfurnishing, or the state of being disfurnished.</def>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Disfurniture</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*fur"ni*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disfurnishing, or the state of being disfurnished.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disfurniture</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*fur"ni*ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To disfurnish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>East.</i>

<h1>Disgage</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*gage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To free from a gage or pledge; to disengage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Disgallant</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*gal"lant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of gallantry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Disgarland</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*gar"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To strip of a garland.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark> "Thy locks <i>disgarland</i>."

<i>Drummond.</i>

<h1>Disgarnish</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*gar"nish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>garnish</ets>. See <er>Degarnish</er>.]</ety> <def>To divest of garniture; to disfurnish; to dismantle.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Disgarrison</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*gar"ri*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of a garrison.</def>

<i>Hewyt.</i>

<h1>Disgavel</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*gav"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disgaveled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Disgaveled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disgaveling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Gavelkind</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To deprive of that principal quality of gavelkind tenure by which lands descend equally among all the sons of the tenant; -- said of lands.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Disgest</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*gest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To digest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Disgestion</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*ges"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Digestion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disglorify</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*glo"ri*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disglorified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disglorifying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deprive of glory; to treat with indignity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Disglorified</b>, blasphemed, and had in scorn.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disglory</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*glo"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dishonor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To the <b>disglory</b> of God's name.
<i>Northbrooke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disgorge</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*gorge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disgorged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disgorging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82gorger</ets>, earlier <ets>desgorger</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82-</ets>, <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>gorge</ets>. See <er>Gorge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To eject or discharge by the throat and mouth; to vomit; to pour forth or throw out with violence, as if from the mouth; to discharge violently or in great quantities from a confined place.</def>

<blockquote>This mountain when it rageth, . . . casteth forth huge stones, <b>disgorgeth</b> brimstone.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They loudly laughed
To see his heaving breast <b>disgorge</b> the briny draught.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give up unwillingly as what one has wrongfully seized and appropriated; to make restitution of; to surrender; <as>as, he was compelled to <ex>disgorge</ex> his ill-gotten gains</as>.</def>

<h1>Disgorge</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*gorge"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To vomit forth what anything contains; to discharge; to make restitution.</def>

<blockquote>See where it flows, <b>disgorging</b> at seven mouths
Into the sea.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disgorgement</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*gorge"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82gorgement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of disgorging; a vomiting; that which is disgorged.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Disgospel</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*gos"pel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be inconsistent with, or act contrary to, the precepts of the gospel; to pervert the gospel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Disgrace</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*grace"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>disgr\'83ce</ets>; pref. <ets>dis-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>gr\'83ce</ets>. See <er>Grace</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of being out of favor; loss of favor, regard, or respect.</def>

<blockquote>Macduff lives in <b>disgrace</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being dishonored, or covered with shame; dishonor; shame; ignominy.</def>

<blockquote>To tumble down thy husband and thyself
From top of honor to <b>disgrace's</b> feet?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which brings dishonor; cause of shame or reproach; great discredit; <as>as, vice is a <ex>disgrace</ex> to a rational being</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An act of unkindness; a disfavor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The interchange continually of favors and <b>disgraces</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Disfavor; disesteem; opprobrium; reproach; discredit; disparagement; dishonor; shame; infamy; ignominy; humiliation.</syn>

<h1>Disgrace</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*grace"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disgraced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disgracing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>disgracier</ets>. See <er>Disgrace</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To put out favor; to dismiss with dishonor.</def>

<blockquote>Flatterers of the <b>disgraced</b> minister.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Pitt had been <b>disgraced</b> and the old Duke of Newcastle dismissed.
<i>J. Morley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To do disfavor to; to bring reproach or shame upon; to dishonor; to treat or cover with ignominy; to lower in estimation.</def>

<blockquote>Shall heap with honors him they now <b>disgrace</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His ignorance <b>disgraced</b> him.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To treat discourteously; to upbraid; to revile.</def>

<blockquote>The goddess wroth gan foully her <b>disgrace</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To degrade; humble; humiliate; abase; disparage; defame; dishonor; debase.</syn>

<h1>Disgraceful</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*grace"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bringing disgrace; causing shame; shameful; dishonorable; unbecoming; <as>as, profaneness is <ex>disgraceful</ex> to a man</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*grace"ful*fy</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis*grace"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>The Senate have cast you forth <b>disgracefully</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disgracer</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*gra"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disgraces.</def>

<h1>Disgracious</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*gra"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>disgracieux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wanting grace; unpleasing; disagreeable.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Disgracive</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*gra"cive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disgracing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Disgradation</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis`gra*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>Degradation; a stripping of titles and honors.</def>

<h1>Disgrade</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*grade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To degrade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Disgraduate</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*grad"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To degrade; to reduce in rank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tyndale.</i>

<h1>Disgregate</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis"gre*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disgregare</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>gregare</ets> to collect, fr. <ets>grex</ets>, <ets>gregis</ets>, flock or herd.]</ety> <def>To disperse; to scatter; -- opposite of <i>congregate</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disgregation</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis`gre*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The process of separation, or the condition of being separate, as of the molecules of a body.</def>

<h1>Disgruntle</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*grun"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dissatisfy; to disaffect; to anger.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Disguise</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*guise"</hw> <tt>(?; 232)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disguised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disguising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>desguisen</ets>, <ets>disgisen</ets>, <ets>degisen</ets>, OF. <ets>desguisier</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82guiser</ets>; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>guise</ets>. See <er>Guise</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To change the guise or appearance of; especially, to conceal by an unusual dress, or one intended to mislead or deceive.</def>

<blockquote>Bunyan was forced to <b>disguise</b> himself as a wagoner.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hide by a counterfeit appearance; to cloak by a false show; to mask; <as>as, to <ex>disguise</ex> anger; to <ex>disguise</ex> one's sentiments, character, or intentions.</as></def>

<blockquote>All God's angels come to us <b>disguised</b>.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To affect or change by liquor; to intoxicate.</def>

<blockquote>I have just left the right worshipful, and his myrmidons, about a sneaker or five gallons; the whole magistracy was pretty well <b>disguised</b> before I gave them the ship.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To conceal; hide; mask; dissemble; dissimulate; feign; pretend; secrete. See <er>Conceal</er>.</syn>

<h1>Disguise</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*guise"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A dress or exterior put on for purposes of concealment or of deception; <as>as, persons doing unlawful acts in <ex>disguise</ex> are subject to heavy penalties</as>.</def>

<blockquote>There is no passion steals into the heart more imperceptibly and covers itself under more <b>disguises</b>, than pride.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Artificial language or manner assumed for deception; false appearance; counterfeit semblance or show.</def>

<blockquote>That eye which glances through all <b>disguises</b>.
<i>D. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Change of manner by drink; intoxication.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A masque or masquerade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Disguise</b> was the old English word for a masque.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disguisedfy</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*guis"ed*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In disguise.</def>

<h1>Disguisedness</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*guis"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being disguised.</def>

<h1>Disguisement</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*guise"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disguise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Disguiser</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*guis"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, disguises.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who wears a disguise; an actor in a masquerade; a masker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<h1>Disguising</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*guis"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A masque or masquerade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disgust</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*gust"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disgusted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disgusting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>desgouster</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82go\'96ter</ets>; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>gouster</ets> to taste, F. <ets>go\'96ter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gustare</ets>, fr. <ets>gustus</ets> taste. See <er>Gust</er> to taste.]</ety> <def>To provoke disgust or strong distaste in; to cause (any one) loathing, as of the stomach; to excite aversion in; to offend the moral taste of; -- often with <i>at</i>, <i>with</i>, or <i>by</i>.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>disgust</b> him with the world and its vanities.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>\'92rius is expressly declared . . . to have been <b>disgusted</b> at failing.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Alarmed and <b>disgusted</b> by the proceedings of the convention.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disgust</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*gust"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>desgoust</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82go\'96t</ets>. See <er>Disgust</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Repugnance to what is offensive; aversion or displeasure produced by something loathsome; loathing; strong distaste; -- said primarily of the sickening opposition felt for anything which offends the physical organs of taste; now rather of the analogous repugnance excited by anything extremely unpleasant to the moral taste or higher sensibilities of our nature; <as>as, an act of cruelty may excite <ex>disgust</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The manner of doing is more consequence than the thing done, and upon that depends the satisfaction or <b>disgust</b> wherewith it is received.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In a vulgar hack writer such oddities would have excited only <b>disgust</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Nausea; loathing; aversion; distaste; dislike; disinclination; abomination. See <er>Dislike</er>.</syn>

<h1>Disgustful</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*gust"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Provoking disgust; offensive to the taste; exciting aversion; disgusting.</def>

<blockquote>That horrible and <b>disgustful</b> situation.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disgustfulness</h1>
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<hw>Dis*gust"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being disgustful.</def>

<h1>Disgusting</h1>
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<hw>Dis*gust"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That causes disgust; sickening; offensive; revolting.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*gust"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dish</h1>
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<hw>Dish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>disc</ets>, L. <ets>discus</ets> dish, disc, quoit, fr. Gr. <?/ quoit, fr. <?/ to throw. Cf. <er>Dais</er>, <er>Desk</er>, <er>Disc</er>, <er>Discus</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A vessel, as a platter, a plate, a bowl, used for serving up food at the table.</def>

<blockquote>She brought forth butter in a lordly <b>dish</b>.
<i>Judg. v. 25.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The food served in a dish; hence, any particular kind of food; <as>as, a cold <ex>dish</ex>; a warm <ex>dish</ex>; a delicious <ex>dish</ex>. "A <ex>dish</ex> fit for the gods."</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Home-home <b>dishes</b> that drive one from home.
<i>Hood.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of being concave, or like a dish, or the degree of such concavity; <as>as, the <ex>dish</ex> of a wheel</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A hollow place, as in a field.</def>

<i>Ogilvie.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A trough about 28 inches long, 4 deep, and 6 wide, in which ore is measured.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That portion of the produce of a mine which is paid to the land owner or proprietor.</def>

<h1>Dish</h1>
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<hw>Dish</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dishing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To put in a dish, ready for the table.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make concave, or depress in the middle, like a dish; <as>as, to <ex>dish</ex> a wheel by inclining the spokes</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To frustrate; to beat; to ruin.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<cs><col>To dish out</col>. <p><b>1.</b> <cd>To serve out of a dish; to distribute in portions at table.</cd> <p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>To hollow out, as a gutter in stone or wood.</cd> -- <col>To dish up</col>, <cd>to take (food) from the oven, pots, etc., and put in dishes to be served at table.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dishabilitate</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ha*bil"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Disability</er>.]</ety> <def>To disqualify.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dishabille</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ha*bille"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Deshabille</er>.]</ety> <def>An undress; a loose, negligent dress; deshabille.</def>

<blockquote>They breakfast in <b>dishabille</b>.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dishabit</h1>
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<hw>Dis*hab"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>habit</ets> to inhabit.]</ety> <def>To dislodge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Those sleeping stones . . . from their fixed beds of lime
Had been <b>dishabited</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dishabited</h1>
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<hw>Dis*hab"it*ed</hw>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Rendered uninhabited.</def> "<i>Dishabited</i> towns."

<i>R. Carew.</i>

<h1>Dishabituate</h1>
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<hw>Dis`ha*bit"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render unaccustomed.</def>

<h1>Dishable</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ha"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To disable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To disparage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She oft him blamed . . . and him <b>dishabled</b> quite.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dishallow</h1>
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<hw>Dis*hal"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make unholy; to profane.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>Nor can the unholiness of the priest <b>dishallow</b> the altar.
<i>T. Adams.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disharmonious</h1>
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<hw>Dis`har*mo"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unharmonious; discordant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hallywell.</i>

<h1>Disharmony</h1>
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<hw>Dis*har"mo*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of harmony; discord; incongruity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>disharmony</b> in the different impulses that constitute it [our nature].
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dishaunt</h1>
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<hw>Dis*haunt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To leave; to quit; to cease to haunt.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Dishcloth</h1>
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<hw>Dish"cloth`</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cloth used for washing dishes.</def>

<h1>Dishclout</h1>
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<hw>Dish"clout`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dishcloth.</def> <mark>[Obsolescent]</mark>

<h1>Disheart</h1>
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<hw>Dis*heart"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dishearten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dishearten</h1>
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<hw>Dis*heart"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disheartened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disheartening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>hearten</ets>.]</ety> <def>To discourage; to deprive of courage and hope; to depress the spirits of; to deject.</def>

<blockquote>Regiments . . . utterly disorganized and <b>disheartened</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To dispirit; discourage; depress; deject; deter; terrify.</syn>

<h1>Disheartenment</h1>
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<hw>Dis*heart"en*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Discouragement; dejection; depression of spirits.</def>

<h1>Disheir</h1>
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<hw>Dis*heir"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Disherit</er>.]</ety> <def>To disinherit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Dishelm</h1>
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<hw>Dis*helm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>helm</ets> helmet.]</ety> <def>To deprive of the helmet.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Lying stark,
<b>Dishelmed</b> and mute, and motionlessly pale.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disherison</h1>
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<hw>Dis*her"i*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Disherit</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of disheriting, or debarring from inheritance; disinhersion.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Disherit</h1>
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<hw>Dis*her"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disherited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disheriting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82sh\'82riter</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82s-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>h\'82riter</ets> to inherit. See <er>Inherit</er>, and cf. <er>Dusheir</er>, <er>Disinherit</er>.]</ety> <def>To disinherit; to cut off, or detain, from the possession or enjoyment of an inheritance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Disheritance</h1>
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<hw>Dis*her"it*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>desheritance</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of disinheriting or state of being disinherited; disinheritance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Disheritor</h1>
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<hw>Dis*her"it*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who puts another out of his inheritance.</def>

<h1>Dishevel</h1>
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<hw>Di*shev"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disheveled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Dishevelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disheveling</er> or <er>Dishevelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>descheveler</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82cheveler</ets>, LL. <ets>discapillare</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + L. <ets>capillus</ets> the hair of the head. See <er>Capillary</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To suffer (the hair) to hang loosely or disorderly; to spread or throw (the hair) in disorder; -- used chiefly in the passive participle.</def>

<blockquote>With garments rent and hair <b>disheveled</b>,
Wringing her hands and making piteous moan.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To spread loosely or disorderly.</def>

<blockquote>Like the fair flower <b>disheveled</b> in the wind.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dishevel</h1>
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<hw>Di*shev"el</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be spread in disorder or hang negligently, as the hair.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Dishevele</h1>
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<hw>Di*shev"ele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Disheveled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Dishevele</b>, save his cap, he rode all bare.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disheveled</h1>
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<hw>Di*shev"eled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having in loose disorder; disarranged; <as>as, <ex>disheveled</ex> hair</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the hair in loose disorder.</def>

<blockquote>The dancing maidens are <b>disheveled</b> M\'91nads.
<i>J. A. Symonds.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dishful</h1>
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<hw>Dish"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dishfuls</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>As much as a dish holds when full.</def>

<h1>Dishing</h1>
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<hw>Dish"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dish-shaped; concave.</def>

<h1>Dishonest</h1>
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<hw>Dis*hon"est</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>honest</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82shonn\'88te</ets>, OF. <ets>deshoneste</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Dishonorable; shameful; indecent; unchaste; lewd.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Inglorious triumphs and <b>dishonest</b> scars.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Speak no foul or <b>dishonest</b> words before them [the women].
<i>Sir T. North.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dishonored; disgraced; disfigured.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Dishonest</b> with lopped arms the youth appears,
Spoiled of his nose and shortened of his ears.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Wanting in honesty; void of integrity; faithless; disposed to cheat or defraud; not trustworthy; <as>as, a <ex>dishonest</ex> man</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Characterized by fraud; indicating a want of probity; knavish; fraudulent; unjust.</def>

<blockquote>To get <b>dishonest</b> gain.
<i>Ezek. xxii. 27.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>dishonest</b> profits of men in office.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dishonest</h1>
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<hw>Dis*hon"est</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>deshonester</ets>.]</ety> <def>To disgrace; to dishonor; <as>as, to <ex>dishonest</ex> a maid</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I will no longer <b>dishonest</b> my house.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dishonestly</h1>
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<hw>Dis*hon"est*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dishonest manner.</def>

<h1>Dishonesty</h1>
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<hw>Dis*hon"es*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>deshonest\'82</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82shonn\'88tet\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Dishonor; dishonorableness; shame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The hidden things of <i>dishonesty</i>."

<i>2 Cor. iv. 2.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Want of honesty, probity, or integrity in principle; want of fairness and straightforwardness; a disposition to defraud, deceive, or betray; faithlessness.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Violation of trust or of justice; fraud; any deviation from probity; a dishonest act.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Lewdness; unchastity.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dishonor</h1>
<Xpage=425>

<hw>Dis*hon"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>deshonour</ets>, <ets>dishonour</ets>, OF. <ets>deshonor</ets>, <ets>deshonur</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82shonneur</ets>; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>honor</ets>, <ets>honur</ets>, F. <ets>honneur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>honor</ets>. See <er>Honor</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dishonour</asp>.]</altsp>

<hr>
<page="426">
Page 426<p>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Lack of honor; disgrace; ignominy; shame; reproach.</def>

<blockquote>It was not meet for us to see the king's <b>dishonor</b>.
<i>Ezra iv. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His honor rooted in <b>dishonor</b> stood.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The nonpayment or nonacceptance of commercial paper by the party on whom it is drawn.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Disgrace; ignominy; shame; censure; reproach; opprobrium.</syn>

<h1>Dishonor</h1>
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<hw>Dis*hon"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dishonored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dishonoring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>deshonouren</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82shonorer</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82s-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>honorer</ets> to honor, fr. L. <ets>honorare</ets>. See <er>Honor</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dishonour</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To deprive of honor; to disgrace; to bring reproach or shame on; to treat with indignity, or as unworthy in the sight of others; to stain the character of; to lessen the reputation of; <as>as, the duelist <ex>dishonors</ex> himself to maintain his honor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Nothing . . . that may <b>dishonor</b>
Our law, or stain my vow of Nazarite.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To violate the chastity of; to debauch.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To refuse or decline to accept or pay; -- said of a bill, check, note, or draft which is due or presented; <as>as, to <ex>dishonor</ex> a bill exchange</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To disgrace; shame; debase; degrade; lower; humble; humiliate; debauch; pollute.</syn>

<h1>Dishonorable</h1>
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<hw>Dis*hon"or*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82shonorable</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanting in honor; not honorable; bringing or deserving dishonor; staining the character, and lessening the reputation; shameful; disgraceful; base.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wanting in honor or esteem; disesteemed.</def>

<blockquote>He that is <b>dishonorable</b> in riches, how much more in poverty!
<i>Ecclus. x. 31.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To find ourselves <b>dishonorable</b> graves.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dis*hon"or*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Dis*hon"or*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dishonorary</h1>
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<hw>Dis*hon"or*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bringing dishonor on; tending to disgrace; lessening reputation.</def>

<i>Holmes.</i>

<h1>Dishonorer</h1>
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<hw>Dis*hon"or*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dishonors or disgraces; one who treats another indignity.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Dishorn</h1>
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<hw>Dis*horn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of horns; <as>as, to <ex>dishorn</ex> cattle</as>.</def> "<i>Dishorn</i> the spirit."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dishorse</h1>
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<hw>Dis*horse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dismount.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Dishouse</h1>
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<hw>Dis*house"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of house or home.</def> "<i>Dishoused</i> villagers."

<i>James White.</i>

<h1>Dishumor</h1>
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<hw>Dis*hu"mor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ill humor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dishumor</h1>
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<hw>Dis*hu"mor</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of humor or desire; to put out of humor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Dishwasher</h1>
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<hw>Dish"wash`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, washes dishes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European bird; the wagtail.</def>

<h1>Dishwater</h1>
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<hw>Dish"wa`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Water in which dishes have been washed.</def> "Suds and <i>dishwater</i>."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Disillusion</h1>
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<hw>Dis`il*lu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of freeing from an illusion, or the state of being freed therefrom.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Disillusion</h1>
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<hw>Dis`il*lu"sion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To free from an illusion; to disillusionize.</def>

<h1>Disillusionize</h1>
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<hw>Dis`il*lu"sion*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To disenchant; to free from illusion.</def> "The bitter <i>disillusionizing</i> experience of postnuptial life."

<i>W. Black.</i>

<h1>Disillusionment</h1>
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<hw>Dis`il*lu"sion*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of freeing from an illusion, or the state of being freed therefrom.</def>

<h1>Disimbitter</h1>
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<hw>Dis`im*bit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>imbitter</ets>. Cf. <er>Disembitter</er>.]</ety> <def>To free from bitterness.</def>

<h1>Disimpark</h1>
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<hw>Dis`im*park"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To free from the barriers or restrictions of a park.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<h1>Disimpassioned</h1>
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<hw>Dis`im*pas"sioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from warmth of passion or feeling.</def>

<h1>Disimprove</h1>
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<hw>Dis`im*prove"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make worse; -- the opposite of <i>improve</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Disimprove</h1>
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<hw>Dis`im*prove"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow worse; to deteriorate.</def>

<h1>Disimprovement</h1>
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<hw>Dis`im*prove"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reduction from a better to a worse state; <as>as, <ex>disimprovement</ex> of the earth</as>.</def>

<h1>Disincarcerate</h1>
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<hw>Dis`in*car"cer*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To liberate from prison.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Disinclination</h1>
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<hw>Dis*in`cli*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being disinclined; want of propensity, desire, or affection; slight aversion or dislike; indisposition.</def>

<blockquote>Disappointment gave him a <b>disinclination</b> to the fair sex.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Having a <b>disinclination</b> to books or business.
<i>Guardian.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Unwillingness; disaffection; alienation; dislike; indisposition; distaste; aversion; repugnance.</syn>

<h1>Disincline</h1>
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<hw>Dis`in*cline"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disinclined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disinclining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To incline away the affections of; to excite a slight aversion in; to indispose; to make unwilling; to alienate.</def>

<blockquote>Careful . . . to <b>disincline</b> them from any reverence or affection to the Queen.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To social scenes by nature <b>disinclined</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disinclose</h1>
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<hw>Dis`in*close"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Disenclose</er>.]</ety> <def>To free from being inclosed.</def>

<h1>Disincorporate</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*cor"po*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disincorporated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disincorporating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To deprive of corporate powers, rights, or privileges; to divest of the condition of a corporate body.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To detach or separate from a corporation.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Disincorporate</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*cor"po*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Separated from, or not included in, a corporation; disincorporated.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Disincorporation</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*cor`po*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Deprivation of the rights and privileges of a corporation.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Disinfect</h1>
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<hw>Dis`in*fect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disinfected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disinfecting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To free from infectious or contagious matter; to destroy putrefaction; to purify; to make innocuous.</def>

<blockquote>When the infectious matter and the infectious matter and the odoriferous matter are one . . . then to deodorize is to <b>disinfect</b>.
<i>Ure.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disinfectant</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*fect"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which disinfects; an agent for removing the causes of infection, as chlorine.</def>

<h1>Disinfection</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*fec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disinfecting; purification from infecting matter.</def>

<h1>Disinfector</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*fect"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, disinfects; an apparatus for applying disinfectants.</def>

<h1>Disinflame</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*flame"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To divest of flame or ardor.</def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Disingenuity</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*in`ge*nu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disingenuousness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<h1>Disingenuous</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*gen"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not noble; unbecoming true honor or dignity; mean; unworthy; <as>as, <ex>disingenuous</ex> conduct or schemes</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not ingenuous; wanting in noble candor or frankness; not frank or open; uncandid; unworthily or meanly artful.</def>

<blockquote>So <b>disingenuous</b> as not to confess them [faults].
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dis`in*gen"u*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <i>T. Warton.</i> -- <wf>Dis`in*gen"u*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Disinhabited</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*hab"it*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Uninhabited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disinherison</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*her"i*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Disinherit</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Disherison</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Disherison</er>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Disinherit</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*her"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disinherited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disinheriting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Disherit</er>, <er>Disheir</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut off from an inheritance or from hereditary succession; to prevent, as an heir, from coming into possession of any property or right, which, by law or custom, would devolve on him in the course of descent.</def>

<blockquote>Of how fair a portion Adam <b>disinherited</b> his whole posterity!
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive of heritage; to dispossess.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>disinherit</b> Chaos, that reigns here.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disinheritance</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*her"it*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disinheriting, or the condition of being; disinherited; disherison.</def>

<h1>Disinhume</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*hume"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To disinter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disinsure</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*sure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render insecure; to put in danger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fanshawe.</i>

<h1>Disintegrable</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*in"te*gra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being disintegrated, or reduced to fragments or powder.</def>

<blockquote>Argillo-calcite is readily <b>disintegrable</b> by exposure.
<i>Kirwan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disintegrate</h1>
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<hw>Dis*in"te*grate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disintegrated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disintegrating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>integratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>integrare</ets> to renew, repair, fr. <ets>integer</ets> entire, whole. See <er>Integer</er>.]</ety> <def>To separate into integrant parts; to reduce to fragments or to powder; to break up, or cause to fall to pieces, as a rock, by blows of a hammer, frost, rain, and other mechanical or atmospheric influences.</def>

<blockquote>Marlites are not <b>disintegrated</b> by exposure to the atmosphere, at least in six years.
<i>Kirwan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disintegrate</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*in"te*grate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To decompose into integrant parts; <as>as, chalk rapidly <ex>disintegrates</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Disintegration</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*in`te*gra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The process by which anything is disintegrated; the condition of anything which is disintegrated</def>. Specifically <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The wearing away or falling to pieces of rocks or strata, produced by atmospheric action, frost, ice, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Society had need of further <b>disintegration</b> before it could begin to reconstruct itself locally.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disintegrator</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*in"te*gra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A machine for grinding or pulverizing by percussion.</def>

<h1>Disinter</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*ter"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disinterred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disinterring</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To take out of the grave or tomb; to unbury; to exhume; to dig up.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring out, as from a grave or hiding place; to bring from obscurity into view.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Disinteress</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*in"ter*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82sint\'82resser</ets> to deprive of interest in; pref. <ets>d\'82s-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>int\'82resser</ets> to interest, fr. L. <ets>interesse</ets> to import, concern. See <er>Interest</er>, and cf. <er>Disinterest</er>.]</ety> <def>To deprive or rid of interest in, or regard for; to disengage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disinteressment</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*in"ter*ess*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82sint\'82ressement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disinterestedness; impartiality; fairness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Disinterest</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*in"ter*est</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Disinterested.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The measures they shall walk by shall be <b>disinterest</b> and even.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disinterest</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*in"ter*est</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>What is contrary to interest or advantage; disadvantage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Indifference to profit; want of regard to private advantage; disinterestedness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Disinterest</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*in"ter*est</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To divest of interest or interested motives.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Disinterested</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*in"ter*est*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Disinteressed</er>.]</ety> <def>Not influenced by regard to personal interest or advantage; free from selfish motive; having no relation of interest or feeling; not biased or prejudiced; <as>as, a <ex>disinterested</ex> decision or judge</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The happiness of <b>disinterested</b> sacrifices.
<i>Channing.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Unbiased; impartial; uninterested; indifferent.</syn>

<h1>Disinterestedly</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*in"ter*est*ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a disinterested manner; without bias or prejudice.</def>

<h1>Disinterestedness</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*in"ter*est*ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being disinterested; impartiality.</def>

<blockquote>That perfect <b>disinterestedness</b> and self-devotion of which man seems to be incapable, but which is sometimes found in woman.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disinteresting</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*in"ter*est*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Uninteresting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Disinteresting</i> passages."

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Disinterment</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*ter"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disinterring, or taking out of the earth; exhumation.</def>

<h1>Disinthrall</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*thrall"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disinthralled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disinthralling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>inthrall</ets>. Cf. <er>Disenthrall</er>.]</ety> <def>To free from thralldom; to disenthrall.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>disinthral</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Disinthrallment</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*thrall"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A releasing from thralldom or slavery; disenthrallment.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>disinthralment</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Disintricate</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*in"tri*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To disentangle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "To <i>disintricate</i> the question."

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Disinure</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*ure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disinured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disinuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>inure</ets>.]</ety> <def>To render unaccustomed or unfamiliar.</def>

<blockquote>We are hindered and <b>disinured</b> . . . towards the true knowledge.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disinvestiture</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*ves"ti*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of depriving of investiture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ogilvie.</i>

<h1>Disinvigorate</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*vig"or*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To enervate; to weaken.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sydney Smith.</i>

<h1>Disinvolve</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis`in*volve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To uncover; to unfold or unroll; to disentangle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Disjection</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*jec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disjicere</ets>, <ets>disjectum</ets>, to throw asunder, disperse; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>jacere</ets> to throw.]</ety> <def>Destruction; dispersion.</def>

<i>Bp. Horsley.</i>

<h1>Disjoin</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*join"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disjoined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disjoining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>desjoindre</ets>, F. <ets>disjoindre</ets>, <ets>d\'82joindre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>disjungere</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>jungere</ets> to join. See <er>Join</er>, and cf. <er>Disjoint</er>, <er>Disjunct</er>.]</ety> <def>To part; to disunite; to separate; to sunder.</def>

<blockquote>That marriage, therefore, God himself <b>disjoins</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Never let us lay down our arms against France, till we have utterly <b>disjoined</b> her from the Spanish monarchy.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Windmill Street consisted of <b>disjoined</b> houses.
<i>Pennant.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To disunite; separate; detach; sever; dissever; sunder; disconnect.</syn>

<h1>Disjoin</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*join"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become separated; to part.</def>

<h1>Disjoint</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*joint"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>desjoint</ets>, p. p. of <ets>desjoindre</ets>. See <er>Disjoin</er>.]</ety> <def>Disjointed; unconnected; -- opposed to <i>conjoint</i>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Disjoint</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*joint"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From OF. <ets>desjoint</ets>, p. p. of <ets>desjoindre</ets>. See <er>Disjoint</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Difficult situation; dilemma; strait.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "I stand in such <i>disjoint</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Disjoint</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*joint"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disjointed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disjointing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To separate the joints of; to separate, as parts united by joints; to put out of joint; to force out of its socket; to dislocate; <as>as, to <ex>disjoint</ex> limbs; to <ex>disjoint</ex> bones; to <ex>disjoint</ex> a fowl in carving.</as></def>

<blockquote>Yet what could swords or poisons, racks or flame,
But mangle and <b>disjoint</b> the brittle frame?
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To separate at junctures or joints; to break where parts are united; to break in pieces; <as>as, <ex>disjointed</ex> columns; to <ex>disjoint</ex> and edifice.</as></def>

<blockquote>Some half-ruined wall
<b>Disjointed</b> and about to fall.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To break the natural order and relations of; to make incoherent; <as>as, a <ex>disjointed</ex> speech</as>.</def>

<h1>Disjoint</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*joint"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fall in pieces.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Disjointed</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*joint"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Separated at the joints; disconnected; incoherent.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*joint"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis*joint"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Disjointly</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*joint"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a disjointed state.</def>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Disjudication</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*ju`di*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Judgment; discrimination. See <er>Dijudication</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Disjunct</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*junct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disjunctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>disjungere</ets> to disjoin. See <er>Disjoin</er>, and cf. <er>Disjoint</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Disjoined; separated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the head, thorax, and abdomen separated by a deep constriction.</def>

<cs><col>Disjunct tetrachords</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>tetrachords so disposed to each other that the gravest note of the upper is one note higher than the acutest note of the other.</cd></cs>

<h1>Disjuncttion</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*junct"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disjunctio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of disjoining; disunion; separation; a parting; <as>as, the <ex>disjunction</ex> of soul and body</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A disjunctive proposition.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Disjunctive</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*junc"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disjunctivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>disjonctif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Tending to disjoin; separating; disjoining.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to disjunct tetrachords.</def> "<i>Disjunctive</i> notes."

<i>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</i>

<cs><col>Disjunctive conjunction</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>one connecting grammatically two words or clauses, expressing at the same time an opposition or separation inherent in the notions or thoughts; as, <i>either</i>, <i>or</i>, <i>neither</i>, <i>nor</i>, <i>but</i>, <i>although</i>, <i>except</i>, <i>lest</i>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Disjunctive proposition</col>, <cd>one in which the parts are connected by disjunctive conjunctions; as it is <i>either</i> day <i>or</i> night.</cd> -- <col>Disjunctive syllogism</col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>one in which the major proposition is <i>disjunctive</i>; as, the earth moves in a circle or an ellipse; but in does not move in a circle, therefore it moves in an ellipse.</cd></cs>

<h1>Disjunctive</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*junc"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A disjunctive conjunction</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A disjunctive proposition.</def>

<h1>Disjunctively</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*junc"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a disjunctive manner; separately.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Disjuncture</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*junc"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disjoining, or state of being disjoined; separation.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Disk</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Disk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>discus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Dish</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>disc</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A discus; a quoit.</def>

<blockquote>Some whirl the <b>disk</b>, and some the javelin dart.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A flat, circular plate; <as>as, a <ex>disk</ex> of metal or paper</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The circular figure of a celestial body, as seen projected of the heavens.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A circular structure either in plants or animals; <as>as, a blood <ex>disk</ex>; germinal <ex>disk</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The whole surface of a leaf</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The central part of a radiate compound flower, as in sunflower</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A part of the receptacle enlarged or expanded under, or around, or even on top of, the pistil.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The anterior surface or oral area of c\'d2lenterate animals, as of sea anemones</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The lower side of the body of some invertebrates, especially when used for locomotion, when it is often called a <i>creeping disk</i></def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>In owls, the space around the eyes.</def>

<cs><col>Disk engine</col>, <cd>a form of rotary steam engine.</cd> -- <col>Disk shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of Discina.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diskindness</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*kind"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Unkindness; disservice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>A. Tucker.</i>

<h1>Diskless</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Disk"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no disk; appearing as a point and not expanded into a disk, as the image of a faint star in a telescope.</def>

<h1>Dislade</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*lade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To unlade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Heywood.</i>

<h1>Disleal</h1>
<Xpage=426>

<hw>Dis*leal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Disloyal</er>, <er>Leal</er>.]</ety> <def>Disloyal; perfidious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Disleal</i> knight."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<hr>
<page="427">
Page 427<p>

<h1>Disleave</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*leave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of leaves.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The cankerworms that annually that <b>disleaved</b> the elms.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dislike</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*like"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disliked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disliking</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To regard with dislike or aversion; to disapprove; to disrelish.</def>

<blockquote>Every nation <b>dislikes</b> an impost.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To awaken dislike in; to displease.</def> "<i>Disliking</i> countenance." <i>Marston</i>. "It <i>dislikes</i> me."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dislike</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*like"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A feeling of positive and usually permanent aversion to something unpleasant, uncongenial, or offensive; disapprobation; repugnance; displeasure; disfavor; -- the opposite of <i>liking</i> or <i>fondness</i>.</def>

<blockquote>God's grace . . . gives him continual <b>dislike</b> to sin.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The hint malevolent, the look oblique,
The obvious satire, or implied <b>dislike</b>.
<i>Hannah More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We have spoken of the <b>dislike</b> of these excellent women for Sheridan and Fox.
<i>J. Morley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His <b>dislike</b> of a particular kind of sensational stories.
<i>A. W. Ward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Discord; dissension.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Distaste; disinclination; disapprobation; disfavor; disaffection; displeasure; disrelish; aversion; reluctance; repugnance; disgust; antipathy. -- <er>Dislike</er>, <er>Aversion</er>, <er>Reluctance</er>, <er>Repugnance</er>, <er>Disgust</er>, <er>Antipathy</er>. <i>Dislike</i> is the more general term, applicable to both persons and things and arising either from feeling or judgment. It may mean little more than want of positive liking; but <i>antipathy</i>, <i>repugnance</i>, <i>disgust</i>, and <i>aversion</i> are more intense phases of <i>dislike</i>. <i>Aversion</i> denotes a fixed and habitual dislike; <as>as, an <ex>aversion</ex> to or for business</as>. <i>Reluctance</i> and <i>repugnance</i> denote a mental strife or hostility something proposed (<i>repugnance</i> being the stronger); <as>as, a <ex>reluctance</ex> to make the necessary sacrifices, and a <ex>repugnance</ex> to the submission required</as>. <i>Disgust</i> is repugnance either of taste or moral feeling; <as>as, a <ex>disgust</ex> at gross exhibitions of selfishness</as>. <i>Antipathy</i> is primarily an instinctive feeling of dislike of a thing, such as most persons feel for a snake. When used figuratively, it denotes a correspondent dislike for certain persons, modes of acting, etc. Men have an <i>aversion</i> to what breaks in upon their habits; a <i>reluctance</i> and <i>repugnance</i> to what crosses their will; a <i>disgust</i> at what offends their sensibilities; and are often governed by <i>antipathies</i> for which they can give no good reason.</syn>

<h1>Dislikeful</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*like"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of dislike; disaffected; malign; disagreeable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Dislikelihood</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*like"li*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The want of likelihood; improbability.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Disliken</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*lik"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make unlike; to disguise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dislikeness</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*like"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Unlikeness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Disliker</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*lik"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dislikes or disrelishes.</def>

<h1>Dislimb</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*limb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tear limb from limb; to dismember.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Dislimn</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*limn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>limn</ets>.]</ety> <def>To efface, as a picture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dislink</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*link"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To unlink; to disunite; to separate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Dislive</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*live"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of life.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Telemachus <b>dislived</b> Amphimedon.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dislocate</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis"lo*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dislocated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dislocating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>dislocatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dislocare</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>locare</ets> to place, fr. <ets>locus</ets> place. See <er>Locus</er>.]</ety> <def>To displace; to put out of its proper place. Especially, of a bone: To remove from its normal connections with a neighboring bone; to put out of joint; to move from its socket; to disjoint; <as>as, to <ex>dislocate</ex> your bones</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>After some time the strata on all sides of the globe were <b>dislocated</b>.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And thus the archbishop's see, <b>dislocated</b> or out of joint for a time, was by the hands of his holiness set right again.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dislocate</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis"lo*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>dislocatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Dislocated.</def>

<i>Montgomery.</i>

<h1>Dislocation</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis`lo*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dislocation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of displacing, or the state of being displaced.</def>

<i>T. Burnet.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The displacement of parts of rocks or portions of strata from the situation which they originally occupied. Slips, faults, and the like, are <i>dislocations</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The act of dislocating, or putting out of joint; also, the condition of being thus displaced.</def>

<h1>Dislodge</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*lodge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dislodged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dislodging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>deslogier</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82loger</ets>; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + OF. <ets>logier</ets>, F. <ets>loger</ets>. See <er>Lodge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To drive from a lodge or place of rest; to remove from a place of quiet or repose; <as>as, shells resting in the sea at a considerate depth are not <ex>dislodged</ex> by storms</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To drive out from a place of hiding or defense; <as>as, to <ex>dislodge</ex> a deer, or an enemy</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The Volscians are <b>dislodg'd</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dislodge</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*lodge"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To go from a place of rest.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Where Light and Darkness in perpetual round
Lodge and <b>dislodge</b> by turns.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dislodge</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*lodge"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dwelling apart; separation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dislodgment</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*lodg"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82logement</ets>, OF. <ets>deslogement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of dislodging, or the state of being dislodged.</def>

<h1>Disloign</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*loign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>desloignier</ets>. See <er>Eloign</er>.]</ety> <def>To put at a distance; to remove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Low-looking dales, <b>disloigned</b> from common gaze.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disloyal</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*loy"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>loyal</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desloial</ets>, <ets>desleal</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82loyal</ets>. See <er>Loyal</er>.]</ety> <def>Not loyal; not true to a sovereign or lawful superior, or to the government under which one lives; false where allegiance is due; faithless; <as>as, a subject <ex>disloyal</ex> to the king; a husband <ex>disloyal</ex> to his wife.</as></def>

<blockquote>Without a thought <b>disloyal</b>.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Disobedient; faithless; untrue; treacherous; perfidious; dishonest; inconstant; disaffected.</syn>

<h1>Disloyally</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*loy"al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a disloyal manner.</def>

<h1>Disloyalty</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*loy"al*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>loyalty</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desloiaut\'82</ets>, <ets>deslealt\'82</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82loyaut\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of loyalty; lack of fidelity; violation of allegiance.</def>

<h1>Dismail</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*mail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>mail</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desmaillier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To divest of coat of mail.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Dismal</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Formerly a noun; <ets>e</ets>. <ets>g</ets>., "I trow it was in the <ets>dismalle</ets>." <ets>Chaucer</ets>. Of uncertain origin; but perh. (as suggested by Skeat) from OF. <ets>disme</ets>, F. <ets>d\'8cme</ets>, tithe, the phrase <ets>dismal day</ets> properly meaning, the day when tithes must be paid. See <er>Dime</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Fatal; ill-omened; unlucky.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>An ugly fiend more foul than <b>dismal</b> day.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gloomy to the eye or ear; sorrowful and depressing to the feelings; foreboding; cheerless; dull; dreary; <as>as, a <ex>dismal</ex> outlook; <ex>dismal</ex> stories; a <ex>dismal</ex> place.</as></def>

<blockquote>Full well the busy whisper, circling round,
Convey'd the <b>dismal</b> tidings when he frowned.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>dismal</b> description of an English November.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Dreary; lonesome; gloomy; dark; ominous; ill-boding; fatal; doleful; lugubrious; funereal; dolorous; calamitous; sorrowful; sad; joyless; melancholy; unfortunate; unhappy.</syn>

<h1>Dismally</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis"mal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dismal manner; gloomily; sorrowfully; uncomfortably.</def>

<h1>Dismalness</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis"mal*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being dismal; gloominess.</def>

<h1>Disman</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*man"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To unman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Dismantle</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*man"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dismantled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dismantling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82manteler</ets>, OF. <ets>desmanteler</ets>; pref: <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>manteler</ets> to cover with a cloak, defend, fr. <ets>mantel</ets>, F. <ets>manteau</ets>, cloak. See <er>Mantle</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To strip or deprive of dress; to divest.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strip of furniture and equipments, guns, etc.; to unrig; to strip of walls or outworks; to break down; <as>as, to <ex>dismantle</ex> a fort, a town, or a ship</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>dismantled</b> house, without windows or shutters to keep out the rain.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To disable; to render useless.</def>

<i>Comber.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To demo<?/sh; raze. See <er>Demol<?/sh</er>.</syn>

<h1>Dismarch</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*march"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To march away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dismarry</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*mar"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>marry</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desmarier</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82marier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To free from the bonds of marriage; to divorce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ld. Berners.</i>

<h1>Dismarshal</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*mar"shal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To disarrange; to derange; to put in disorder.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Drummond.</i>

<h1>Dismask</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*mask"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>mask</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82masquer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To divest of a mask.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dismast</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*mast"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dismasted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dismasting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>mast</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82m\'83ter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To deprive of a mast of masts; to break and carry away the masts from; <as>as, a storm <ex>dismasted</ex> the ship</as>.</def>

<h1>Dismastment</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*mast"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of dismasting; the state of being dismasted.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Marshall.</i>

<h1>Dismaw</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*maw"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To eject from the maw; to disgorge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Dismay</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*may"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dismayed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dismaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>desmaien</ets>, <ets>dismaien</ets>, OF. <ets>esmaier</ets>; pref. <ets>es-</ets> (L. <ets>ex</ets>) + OHG. <ets>magan</ets> to be strong or able; akin to E. <ets>may</ets>. In English the pref. <ets>es-</ets> was changed to <ets>dis-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>). See <er>May</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To disable with alarm or apprehensions; to depress the spirits or courage of; to deprive or firmness and energy through fear; to daunt; to appall; to terrify.</def>

<blockquote>Be not afraid, neither be thou <b>dismayed</b>.
<i>Josh. i. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What words be these? What fears do you <b>dismay</b>?
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To render lifeless; to subdue; to disquiet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Do not <b>dismay</b> yourself for this.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To terrify; fright; affright; frighten; appall; daunt; dishearthen; dispirit; discourage; deject; depress. -- To <er>Dismay</er>, <er>Daunt</er>, <er>Appall</er>. <i>Dismay</i> denotes a state of deep and gloomy apprehension. To <i>daunt</i> supposes something more sudden and startling. To <i>appall</i> is the strongest term, implying a sense of terror which overwhelms the faculties.</syn>

<blockquote>So flies a herd of beeves, that hear, <b>dismayed</b>,
The lions roaring through the midnight shade.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Jove got such heroes as my sire, whose soul
No fear could <b>daunt</b>, nor earth nor hell control.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now the last ruin the whole host <b>appalls</b>;
Now Greece has trembled in her wooden walls.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dismay</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*may"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take dismay or fright; to be filled with dismay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dismay</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*may"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>esmai</ets>, F. <ets>\'82moi</ets>. See <er>Dismay</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Loss of courage and firmness through fear; overwhelming and disabling terror; a sinking of the spirits; consternation.</def>

<blockquote>I . . . can not think of such a battle without <b>dismay</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou with a tiger spring dost leap upon thy prey,
And tear his helpless breast, o'erwhelmed with wild <b>dismay</b>.
<i>Mrs. Barbauld.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Condition fitted to dismay; ruin.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Dejection; discouragement; depression; fear; fright; terror; apprehension; alarm; affright.</syn>

<h1>Dismayedness</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*may"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being dismayed; dejection of courage; dispiritedness.</def>

<h1>Dismayful</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*may"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Terrifying.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Disme</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Disme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. See <er>Dime</er>.]</ety> <def>A tenth; a tenth part; a tithe.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Dismember</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*mem"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dismembered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dismembering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>desmembrer</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82membrer</ets>; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis</ets>) + OF. & F. <ets>membre</ets> limb. See <er>Member</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To tear limb from limb; to dilacerate; to disjoin member from member; to tear or cut in pieces; to break up.</def>

<blockquote>Fowls obscene <b>dismembered</b> his remains.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A society lacerated and <b>dismembered</b>.
<i>Gladstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By whose hands the blow should be struck which would <b>dismember</b> that once mighty empire.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive of membership.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They were <b>dismembered</b> by vote of the house.
<i>R. North.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To disjoint; dislocate; dilacerate; mutilate; divide; sever.</syn>

<h1>Dismemberment</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*mem"ber*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>desmembrement</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82membrement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of dismembering, or the state of being dismembered; cutting in piece; m<?/tilation; division; separation.</def>

<blockquote>The Castilians would doubtless have resented the <b>dismemberment</b> of the unwieldy body of which they formed the head.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dismettled</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*met"tled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of mettle, that is, or fire or spirit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Llewellyn.</i>

<h1>Dismiss</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*miss"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dismissed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dismissing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>missus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>mittere</ets> to send: cf. <ets>dimittere</ets>, OF. <ets>desmetre</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82mettre</ets>. See <er>Demise</er>, and cf. <er>Dimit</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To send away; to give leave of departure; to cause or permit to go; to put away.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>dismissed</b> the assembly.
<i>Acts xix. 41.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Dismiss</b> their cares when they <b>dismiss</b> their flock.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Though he soon <b>dismissed</b> himself from state affairs.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To discard; to remove or discharge from office, service, or employment; <as>as, the king <ex>dismisses</ex> his ministers; the matter <ex>dismisses</ex> his servant.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lay aside or reject as unworthy of attentions or regard, as a petition or motion in court.</def>

<h1>Dismiss</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*miss"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dismission.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Dismissal</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*miss"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dismission; discharge.</def>

<blockquote>Officeholders were commanded faithfully to enforce it, upon pain of immediate <b>dismissal</b>.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dismission</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>dimissio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act dismissing or sending away; permission to leave; leave to depart; dismissal; <as>as, the <ex>dismission</ex> of the grand jury</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Removal from office or employment; discharge, either with honor or with disgrace.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Rejection; a setting aside as trivial, invalid, or unworthy of consideration.</def>

<h1>Dismissive</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*miss"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giving dismission.</def>

<h1>Dismortgage</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*mort"gage</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dismortaged</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dismortgaging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To redeem from mortgage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Dismount</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*mount"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dismounted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dismounting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>mount</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desmonter</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82monter</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To come down; to descend.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>But now the bright sun ginneth to <b>dismount</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To alight from a horse; to descend or get off, as a rider from his beast; <as>as, the troops <ex>dismounted</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Dismount</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*mount"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw or bring down from an elevation, place of honor and authority, or the like.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dismounted</b> from his authority.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To throw or remove from a horse; to unhorse; <as>as, the soldier <ex>dismounted</ex> his adversary</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>To take down, or apart, as a machine.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To throw or remove from the carriage, or from that on which a thing is mounted; to break the carriage or wheels of, and render useless; to deprive of equipments or mountings; -- said esp. of artillery.</def>

<h1>Disnaturalize</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*nat"u*ral*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make alien; to deprive of the privileges of birth.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Disnatured</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*na"tured</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>nature</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desnatur\'82</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82natur\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deprived or destitute of natural feelings; unnatural.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Disobedience</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis`o*be"di*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Neglect or refusal to obey; violation of a command or prohibition.</def>

<blockquote>He is undutiful to him other actions, and lives in open <b>disobedience</b>.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disobediency</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis`o*be"di*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disobedience.</def>

<h1>Disobedient</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis`o*be"di*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>obedient</ets>. See <er>Disobey</er>, <er>Obedient</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Neglecting or refusing to obey; omitting to do what is commanded, or doing what is prohibited; refractory; not observant of duty or rules prescribed by authority; -- applied to persons and acts.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>disobedient</b> spirit in the colonies.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Disobedient</b> unto the word of the Lord.
<i>1 Kings xiii. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not yielding.</def>

<blockquote>Medicines used unnecessarily contribute to shorten life, by sooner rendering peculiar parts of the system <b>disobedient</b> to stimuli.
<i>E. Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disobediently</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis`o*be"di*ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a disobedient manner.</def>

<h1>Disobeisance</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis`o*bei"sance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82sob\'82issance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disobedience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<h1>Disobeisant</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis`o*bei"sant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82sob\'82issant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disobedient.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Disobey</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis`o*bey"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disobeyed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disobeying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'82sob\'82ir</ets>; pref. <ets>d\'82s-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>ob\'82ir</ets>. See <er>Obey</er>, and cf. <er>Disobedient</er>.]</ety> <def>Not to obey; to neglect or refuse to obey (a superior or his commands, the laws, etc.); to transgress the commands of (one in authority); to violate, as an order; <as>as, refractory children <ex>disobey</ex> their parents; men <ex>disobey</ex> their Maker and the laws.</as></def>

<blockquote>Not to <b>disobey</b> her lord's behest.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disobey</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis`o*bey"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To refuse or neglect to obey; to violate commands; to be disobedient.</def>

<blockquote>He durst not know how to <b>disobey</b>.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disobeyer</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis`o*bey"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disobeys.</def>

<h1>Disobligation</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*ob`li*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of disobliging.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A disobliging act; an offense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Release from obligation.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Disobligatory</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis*ob"li*ga*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Releasing from obligation.</def> "<i>Disobligatory</i> power."

<i>Charles I.</i>

<h1>Disoblige</h1>
<Xpage=427>

<hw>Dis`o*blige"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disobliged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disobliging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>oblige</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82sobliger</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To do an act which contravenes the will or desires of; to offend by an act of unkindness or incivility; to displease; to refrain from obliging; to be unaccommodating to.</def>

<blockquote>Those . . . who slight and <b>disoblige</b> their friends, shall infallibly come to know the value of them by having none when they shall most need them.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My plan has given offense to some gentlemen, whom it would not be very safe to <b>disoblige</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="428">
Page 428<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To release from obligation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Absolving and <b>disobliging</b> from a more general command for some just and reasonable cause.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disobligement</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis`o*blige"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Release from obligation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disobliger</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis`o*bli"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disobliges.</def>

<h1>Disobliging</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis`o*bli"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not obliging; not disposed to do a favor; unaccommodating; <as>as, a <ex>disobliging</ex> person or act</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Displeasing; offensive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cov. of Tongue.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dis`o*bli"ging*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis`o*bli"ging*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Disoccident</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*oc"ci*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To turn away from the west; to throw out of reckoning as to longitude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marvell.</i>

<h1>Disoccupation</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*oc`cu*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being unemployed; want of occupation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disopinion</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis`o*pin"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want or difference of belief; disbelief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Reynolds.</i>

<h1>Disoppilate</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*op"pi*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>oppilatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>oppilare</ets> to shut up.]</ety> <def>To open.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Disorb</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*orb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>orb</ets>.]</ety> <def>To throw out of the proper orbit; to unsphere.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Disord</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*ord"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disorder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Disordeined</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis`or*deined"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ordain</er>.]</ety> <def>Inordinate; irregular; vicious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Disorder</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*or"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>order</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82sordre</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of order or regular disposition; lack of arrangement; confusion; disarray; <as>as, the troops were thrown into <ex>disorder</ex>; the papers are in <ex>disorder</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Neglect of order or system; irregularity.</def>

<blockquote>From vulgar bounds with brave <b>disorder</b> part,
And snatch a grace beyond the reach of art.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Breach of public order; disturbance of the peace of society; tumult.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Disturbance of the functions of the animal economy of the soul; sickness; derangement.</def> "<i>Disorder</i> in the body."

<i>Locke.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Irregularity; disarrangement; confusion; tumult; bustle; disturbance; disease; illness; indisposition; sickness; ailment; malady; distemper. See <er>Disease</er>.</syn>

<h1>Disorder</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*or"der</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disordered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disordering</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To disturb the order of; to derange or disarrange; to throw into confusion; to confuse.</def>

<blockquote><b>Disordering</b> the whole frame or jurisprudence.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The burden . . . <b>disordered</b> the aids and auxiliary rafters into a common ruin.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To disturb or interrupt the regular and natural functions of (either body or mind); to produce sickness or indisposition in; to discompose; to derange; <as>as, to <ex>disorder</ex> the head or stomach</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A man whose judgment was so much <b>disordered</b> by party spirit.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To depose from holy orders.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To disarrange; derange; confuse; discompose.</syn>

<h1>Disordered</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*or"dered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Thrown into disorder; deranged; <as>as, a <ex>disordered</ex> house, judgment</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disorderly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dis*or"dered*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis*or"dered*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Disorderliness</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*or"der*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being disorderly.</def>

<h1>Disorderly</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*or"der*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not in order; marked by disorder; disarranged; immethodical; <as>as, the books and papers are in a <ex>disorderly</ex> state</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not acting in an orderly way, as the functions of the body or mind.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not complying with the restraints of order and law; tumultuous; unruly; lawless; turbulent; <as>as, <ex>disorderly</ex> people; <ex>disorderly</ex> assemblies.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Offensive to good morals and public decency; notoriously offensive; <as>as, a <ex>disorderly</ex> house</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Irregular; immethodical; confused; tumultuous; inordinate; intemperate; unruly; lawless; vicious.</syn>

<h1>Disorderly</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*or"der*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a disorderly manner; without law or order; irregularly; confusedly.</def>

<blockquote>Withdraw yourselves from every brother that walketh <b>disorderly</b>.
<i>2 Thess. iii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Savages fighting <b>disorderly</b> with stones.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disordinance</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*or"di*nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disarrangement; disturbance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Disordinate</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*or"di*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inordinate; disorderly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "With <i>disordinate</i> gestures."

<i>Prynne.</i>

<h1>Disordinately</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*or"di*nate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Inordinately.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<h1>Disordination</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*or`di*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being in disorder; derangement; confusion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Disorganization</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*or`gan*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82sorganisation</ets>. See <er>Disorganize</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of disorganizing; destruction of system.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being disorganized; <as>as, the <ex>disorganization</ex> of the body, or of government</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The magazine of a pawnbroker in such total <b>disorganization</b>, that the owner can never lay his hands upon any one article at the moment he has occasion for it.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disorganize</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*or"gan*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disorganized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disorganizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>organize</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82sorganiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To destroy the organic structure or regular system of (a government, a society, a party, etc.); to break up (what is organized); to throw into utter disorder; to disarrange.</def>

<blockquote>Lyford . . . attempted to <b>disorganize</b> the church.
<i>Eliot (1809).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disorganizer</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*or"gan*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disorganizes or causes disorder and confusion.</def>

<h1>Disorient</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*o"ri*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To turn away from the cast; to confuse as to which way is east; to cause to lose one's bearings.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Disorientate</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*o"ri*en*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To turn away from the east, or (figuratively) from the right or the truth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disown</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*own"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disowned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disowning</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To refuse to own or acknowledge as belonging to one's self; to disavow or deny, as connected with one's self personally; <as>as, a parent can hardly <ex>disown</ex> his child; an author will sometimes <ex>disown</ex> his writings.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To refuse to acknowledge or allow; to deny.</def>

<blockquote>Then they, who brother's better claim <b>disown</b>,
Expel their parents, and usurp the throne.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To disavow; disclaim; deny; abnegate; renounce; disallow.</syn>

<h1>Disownment</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*own"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of disowning.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disoxidate</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*ox"i*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To deoxidate; to deoxidize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disoxidation</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*ox`i*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Deoxidation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disoxygenate</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*ox"y*gen*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To deprive of oxygen; to deoxidize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disoxygenation</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ox`y*gen*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Deoxidation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dispace</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*pace"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> asunder, different ways, to and fro + <ets>pace</ets>.]</ety> <def>To roam.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In this fair plot <b>dispacing</b> to and fro.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispair</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pair"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To separate (a pair).</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I have . . . <b>dispaired</b> two doves.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispand</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pand"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dispandere</ets> to spread out; pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>pandere</ets>, <ets>pansum</ets>, to spread out.]</ety> <def>To spread out; to expand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Dispansion</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pan"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dispand</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of dispanding, or state of being dispanded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disparadised</h1>
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<hw>Dis*par"a*dised</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Removed from paradise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Disparage</h1>
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<hw>Dis*par"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disparaged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disparaging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>desparagier</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82parager</ets>, to marry unequally; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + F. <ets>parage</ets> extraction, lineage, from L. <ets>par</ets> equal, peer. See <er>Peer</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To match unequally; to degrade or dishonor by an unequal marriage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Alas! that any of my nation
Should ever so foul <b>disparaged</b> be.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dishonor by a comparison with what is inferior; to lower in rank or estimation by actions or words; to speak slightingly of; to depreciate; to undervalue.</def>

<blockquote>Those forbidding appearances which sometimes <b>disparage</b> the actions of men sincerely pious.
<i>Bp. Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou durst not thus <b>disparage</b> glorious arms.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To decry; depreciate; undervalue; underrate; cheapen; vilify; reproach; detract from; derogate from; degrade; debase. See <er>Decry</er>.</syn>

<h1>Disparage</h1>
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<hw>Dis"pa*rage`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inequality in marriage; marriage with an inferior.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Dissuaded her from such a <b>disparage</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disparagement</h1>
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<hw>Dis*par"age*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>desparagement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Matching any one in marriage under his or her degree; injurious union with something of inferior excellence; a lowering in rank or estimation.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>And thought that match a foul <b>disparagement</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Injurious comparison with an inferior; a depreciating or dishonoring opinion or insinuation; diminution of value; dishonor; indignity; reproach; disgrace; detraction; -- commonly with <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>It ought to be no <b>disparagement</b> to a star that it is not the sun.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Imitation IS A <b>disparagement</b> and a degradation in a Christian minister.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Indignity; derogation; detraction; reproach; dishonor; debasement; degradation; disgrace.</syn>

<h1>Disparager</h1>
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<hw>Dis*par"a*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disparages or dishonors; one who vilifies or disgraces.</def>

<h1>Disparagingly</h1>
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<hw>Dis*par"a*ging*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner to disparage or dishonor; slightingly.</def>

<h1>Disparate</h1>
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<hw>Dis"pa*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disparatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>disparare</ets> to part, separate; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>parare</ets> to make ready, prepare.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Unequal; dissimilar; separate.</def>

<blockquote>Connecting <b>disparate</b> thoughts, purely by means of resemblances in the words expressing them.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Pertaining to two co\'94rdinate species or divisions.</def>

<h1>Disparates</h1>
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<hw>Dis"pa*rates</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Things so unequal or unlike that they can not be compared with each other.</def>

<h1>Disparition</h1>
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<hw>Dis`pa*ri"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>disparition</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of disappearing; disappearance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Disparity</h1>
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<hw>Dis*par"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Disparities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>disparitas</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dispar</ets> unlike, unequal; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>par</ets> equal: cf. F. <ets>disparit\'82</ets>. See <er>Par</er>, <er>Peer</er>.]</ety> <def>Inequality; difference in age, rank, condition, or excellence; dissimilitude; -- followed by <i>between</i>, <i>in</i>, <i>of</i>, <i>as to</i>, etc.; <as>as, <ex>disparity</ex> in, or of, years; a <ex>disparity</ex> as to color.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>disparity</b> between God and his intelligent creatures.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>disparity</b> of numbers was not such as ought to cause any uneasiness.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Inequality; unlikeness; dissimilitude; disproportion; difference.</syn>

<h1>Dispark</h1>
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<hw>Dis*park"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw (a park or inclosure); to treat (a private park) as a common.</def>

<blockquote>The Gentiles were made to be God's people when the Jews' inclosure was <b>disparked</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To set at large; to release from inclosure.</def>

<blockquote>Till his free muse threw down the pale,
And did at once <b>dispark</b> them all.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disparkle</h1>
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<hw>Dis*par"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>desparpeillier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To scatter abroad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Dispart</h1>
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<hw>Dis*part"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disparted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disparting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>part</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>despartir</ets>.]</ety> <def>To part asunder; to divide; to separate; to sever; to rend; to rive or split; <as>as, <ex>disparted</ex> air; <ex>disparted</ex> towers.</as></def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Them in twelve troops their captain did <b>dispart</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The world will be whole, and refuses to be <b>disparted</b>.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispart</h1>
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<hw>Dis*part"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To separate, to open; to cleave.</def>

<h1>Dispart</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*part"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>The difference between the thickness of the metal at the mouth and at the breech of a piece of ordnance.</def>

<blockquote>On account of the <b>dispart</b>, the line of aim or line of metal, which is in a plane passing through the axis of the gun, always makes a small angle with the axis.
<i>Eng. Cys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A piece of metal placed on the muzzle, or near the trunnions, on the top of a piece of ordnance, to make the line of sight parallel to the axis of the bore; -- called also <altname>dispart sight</altname>, and <altname>muzzle sight</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dispart</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*part"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>To make allowance for the dispart in (a gun), when taking aim.</def>

<blockquote>Every gunner, before he shoots, must truly <b>dispart</b> his piece.
<i>Lucar.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>To furnish with a dispart sight.</def>

<h1>Dispassion</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pas"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Freedom from passion; an undisturbed state; apathy.</def>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Dispassionate</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pas"sion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Free from passion; not warped, prejudiced, swerved, or carried away by passion or feeling; judicial; calm; composed.</def>

<blockquote>Wise and <b>dispassionate</b> men.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not dictated by passion; not proceeding from temper or bias; impartial; <as>as, <ex>dispassionate</ex> proceedings; a <ex>dispassionate</ex> view.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Calm; cool; composed serene; unimpassioned; temperate; moderate; impartial; unruffled.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dis*pas"sion*ate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis*pas"sion*ate*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dispassioned</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*pas"sioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from passion; dispassionate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Dispassioned</i> men."

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Dispatch</h1>
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<hw>Dis*patch"</hw> <tt>(?; 224)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dispatched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dispatching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>despeechier</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82p\'88cher</ets>; prob. from pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + (assumed) LL. <ets>pedicare</ets> to place obstacles in the way, fr. L. <ets>pedica</ets> fetter, fr. <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot. See <er>Foot</er>, and cf. <er>Impeach</er>, <er>Despatch</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>despatch</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To dispose of speedily, as business; to execute quickly; to make a speedy end of; to finish; to perform.</def>

<blockquote>Ere we put ourselves in arms, <b>dispatch</b> we
The business we have talked of.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[The] harvest men . . . almost in one fair day <b>dispatcheth</b> all the harvest work.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rid; to free.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I had clean <b>dispatched</b> myself of this great charge.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To get rid of by sending off; to send away hastily.</def>

<blockquote>Unless <b>dispatched</b> to the mansion house in the country . . . they perish among the lumber of garrets.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To send off or away; -- particularly applied to sending off messengers, messages, letters, etc., on special business, and implying haste.</def>

<blockquote>Even with the speediest expedition
I will <b>dispatch</b> him to the emperor's cou<?/<?/.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To send out of the world; to put to death.</def>

<blockquote>The company shall stone them with stones, and <b>dispatch</b> them with their swords.
<i>Ezek. xxiii. 47.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To expedite; hasten; speed; accelerate; perform; conclude; finish; slay; kill.</syn>

<h1>Dispatch</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*patch"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make haste; to conclude an affair; to finish a matter of business.</def>

<blockquote>They have <b>dispatched</b> with Pompey.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispatch</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*patch"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>despeche</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82p\'88che</ets>. See <er>Dispatch</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>despatch</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of sending a message or messenger in haste or on important business.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any sending away; dismissal; riddance.</def>

<blockquote>To the utter <b>dispatch</b> of all their most beloved comforts.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The finishing up of a business; speedy performance, as of business; prompt execution; diligence; haste.</def>

<blockquote>Serious business, craving quick <b>dispatch</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To carry his scythe . . . with a sufficient <b>dispatch</b> through a sufficient space.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A message dispatched or sent with speed; especially, an important official letter sent from one public officer to another; -- often used in the plural; <as>as, a messenger has arrived with <ex>dispatches</ex> for the American minister; naval or military <ex>dispatches</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A message transmitted by telegraph.</def> <mark>[Modern]</mark>

<cs><col>Dispatch boat</col>, <cd>a swift vessel for conveying dispatches; an advice boat.</cd> -- <col>Dispatch box</col>, <cd>a box for carrying dispatches; a box for papers and other conveniences when traveling.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Haste; hurry; promptness; celerity; speed. See <er>Haste</er>.</syn>

<h1>Dispatcher</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*patch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dispatches.</def>

<h1>Dispatchful</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*patch"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bent on haste; intent on speedy execution of business or any task; indicating haste; quick; <as>as, <ex>dispatchful</ex> looks</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Dispatchment</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*patch"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>despechement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of dispatching.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>State Trials (1529).</i>

<h1>Dispathy</h1>
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<hw>Dis"pa*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dispathies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + Gr. <?/ passion. See <er>Pathos</er>.]</ety> <def>Lack of sympathy; want of passion; apathy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Many discrepancies and some <b>dispathies</b> between us.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispauper</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pau"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of the claim of a pauper to public support; to deprive of the privilege of suing <i>in forma pauperis</i>.</def>

<h1>Dispauperize</h1>
<Xpage=428>

<hw>Dis*pau"per*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To free a state of pauperism, or from paupers.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Dispeed</h1>
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<hw>Dis*peed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>speed</ets>.]</ety> <def>To send off with speed; to dispatch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Knolles.</i>

<blockquote>Then they <b>dispeeded</b> themselves of the Cid and of their mother-in-law, Do<?/a Ximena.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispel</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dispelled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dispelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dispellere</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>pellere</ets> to push, drive. See <er>Pulse</er> a beating.]</ety> <def>To drive away by scattering, or so to cause to vanish; to clear away; to banish; to dissipate; <as>as, to <ex>dispel</ex> a cloud, vapors, cares, doubts, illusions</as>.</def>

<blockquote>[Satan] gently raised
their fainting courage, and <b>dispelled</b> their fears.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I saw myself the lambent easy light
Gild the brown horror, and <b>dispel</b> the night.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispence</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pence"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Dispense</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="429">
Page 429<p>

<h1>Dispend</h1>
<Xpage=429>

<hw>Dis*pend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>despendre</ets>, L. <ets>dispendere</ets> to weigh out, dispense; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>pendere</ets> to weigh. See <er>Pension</er>, <er>Spend</er>, and cf. <er>Dispense</er>.]</ety> <def>To spend; to lay out; to expend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Able to <b>dispend</b> yearly twenty pounds and above.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispender</h1>
<Xpage=429>

<hw>Dis*pend"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dispends or expends; a steward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif (1 Cor. iv. 1).</i>

<h1>Dispensable</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pen"sa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>dispensabilis</ets>. See <er>Dispense</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being dispensed or administered.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being dispensed with.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Dispensableness</h1>
<Xpage=429>

<hw>Dis*pen"sa*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being dispensable.</def>

<h1>Dispensary</h1>
<Xpage=429>

<hw>Dis*pen"sa*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dispensaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dispensaire</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A place where medicines are prepared and dispensed; esp., a place where the poor can obtain medical advice and medicines gratuitously or at a nominal price.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dispensatory.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Dispensation</h1>
<Xpage=429>

<hw>Dis`pen*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>dispensation</ets>, L. <ets>dispensatio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of dispensing or dealing out; distribution; often used of the distribution of good and evil by God to man, or more generically, of the acts and modes of his administration.</def>

<blockquote>To respect the <b>dispensations</b> of Providence.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is dispensed, dealt out, or appointed; that which is enjoined or bestowed</def>; especially <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <def>a system of principles, promises, and rules ordained and administered; scheme; economy; <as>as, the Patriarchal, Mosaic, and Christian <ex>dispensations</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Neither are God's methods or intentions different in his <b>dispensations</b> to each private man.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The relaxation of a law in a particular case; permission to do something forbidden, or to omit doing something enjoined; specifically, in the Roman Catholic Church, exemption from some ecclesiastical law or obligation to God which a man has incurred of his own free will (oaths, vows, etc.).</def>

<blockquote>A <b>dispensation</b> was obtained to enable Dr. Barrow to marry.
<i>Ward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispensative</h1>
<Xpage=429>

<hw>Dis*pen"sa*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dispensatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Granting dispensation.</def>

<h1>Dispensatively</h1>
<Xpage=429>

<hw>Dis*pen"sa*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By dispensation.</def>

<i>Wotton.</i>

<h1>Dispensator</h1>
<Xpage=429>

<hw>Dis"pen*sa`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A distributer; a dispenser.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Dispensatorily</h1>
<Xpage=429>

<hw>Dis*pen"sa*to*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the way of dispensation; dispensatively.</def>

<h1>Dispensatory</h1>
<Xpage=429>

<hw>Dis*pen"sa*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dispensatorius</ets> relating to management. See <er>Dispense</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Granting, or authorized to grant, dispensations.</def> "<i>Dispensatory</i> power."

<i>Bp. Rainbow.</i>

<h1>Dispensatory</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pen"sa*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dispensatories</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A book or medicinal formulary containing a systematic description of drugs, and of preparations made from them. It is usually, but not always, distinguished from a pharmacop&oe;ia in that it issued by private parties, and not by an official body or by government.</def>

<h1>Dispense</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pense"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dispensed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dispensing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>dispenser</ets>, L. <ets>dispensare</ets>, intens. of <ets>dispendere</ets>. See <er>Dispend</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To deal out in portions; to distribute; to give; <as>as, the steward <ex>dispenses</ex> provisions according directions; Nature <ex>dispenses</ex> her bounties; to <ex>dispense</ex> medicines.</as></def>

<blockquote>He is delighted to <b>dispense</b> a share of it to all the company.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To apply, as laws to particular cases; to administer; to execute; to manage; to direct.</def>

<blockquote>While you <b>dispense</b> the laws, and guide the state.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pay for; to atone for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His sin was <b>dispensed</b>
With gold, whereof it was compensed.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To exempt; to excuse; to absolve; -- with <i>from</i>.</def>

<blockquote>It was resolved that all members of the House who held commissions, should be <b>dispensed</b> from parliamentary attendance.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He appeared to think himself born to be supported by others, and <b>dispensed</b> from all necessity of providing for himself.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispense</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pense"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To compensate; to make up; to make amends.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>One loving hour
For many years of sorrow can <b>dispense</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give dispensation.</def>

<blockquote>He [the pope] can also <b>dispense</b> in all matters of ecclesiastical law.
<i>Addis & Arnold (Cath. Dict. )</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To dispense with</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To permit the neglect or omission of, as a form, a ceremony, an oath; to suspend the operation of, as a law; to give up, release, or do without, as services, attention, etc.; to forego; to part with</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To allow by dispensation; to excuse; to exempt; to grant dispensation to or for. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> "Conniving and <i>dispensing with<i> open and common adultery." <i>Milton</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To break or go back from, as one's word. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<h1>Dispense</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pense"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dispense</ets> dispensation. See <er>Dispense</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Dispensation; exemption.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dispense</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pense"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>despense</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82pense</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expense; profusion; outlay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It was a vault built for great <b>dispense</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispenser</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pens"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, dispenses; a distributer; <as>as, a <ex>dispenser</ex> of favors</as>.</def>

<h1>Dispeople</h1>
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<hw>Dis*peo"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dispeopled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dispeopling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>people</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82peupler</ets>.]</ety> <def>To deprive of inhabitants; to depopulate.</def>

<blockquote>Leave the land <b>dispeopled</b> and desolate.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A certain island long before <b>dispeopled</b> . . . by sea rivers.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispeopler</h1>
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<hw>Dis*peo"pler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, dispeoples; a depopulator.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Disperge</h1>
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<hw>Dis*perge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dispergere</ets>. See <er>Disperse</er>.]</ety> <def>To sprinkle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disspermous</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sper"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ + <?/ seed, fr. <?/ to sow: cf. F. <ets>disperme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Containing only two seeds; two-seeded.</def>

<h1>Disperple</h1>
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<hw>Dis*per"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>desparpe<?/<?/<?/<?/er</ets>.]</ety> <def>To scatter; to sprinkle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Odorous water was
<b>Disperpled</b> lightly on my head and neck.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispersal</h1>
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<hw>Dis*per"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or result of dispersing or scattering; dispersion.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Disperse</h1>
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<hw>Dis*perse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dispersed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dispersing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dispersus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dispergere</ets> to strew, scatter. See <er>Sparse</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To scatter abroad; to drive to different parts; to distribute; to diffuse; to spread; <as>as, the Jews are <ex>dispersed</ex> among all nations</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The lips of the wise <b>disperse</b> knowledge.
<i>Prov. xv. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Two lions, in the still, dark night,
A herd of beeves <b>disperse</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To scatter, so as to cause to vanish; to dissipate; <as>as, to <ex>disperse</ex> vapors</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dispersed</b> are the glories.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To scatter; dissipate; dispel; spread; diffuse; distribute; deal out; disseminate.</syn>

<h1>Disperse</h1>
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<hw>Dis*perse"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To separate; to go or move into different parts; to vanish; <as>as, the company <ex>dispersed</ex> at ten o'clock; the clouds <ex>disperse</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To distribute wealth; to share one's abundance with others.</def>

<blockquote>He hath <b>dispersed</b>, he hath given to the poor.
<i>Ps. cxii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispersed</h1>
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<hw>Dis*persed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Scattered.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*pers"ed*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis*pers"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Dispersed harmony</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>harmony in which the tones composing the chord are widely separated, as by an octave or more.</cd></cs>

<h1>Disperseness</h1>
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<hw>Dis*perse"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dispersedness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disperser</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pers"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One that disperses.</def>

<h1>Dispersion</h1>
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<hw>Dis*per"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>dispersion</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of scattering or dispersing, or the state of being scattered or separated; <as>as, the Jews in their <ex>dispersion</ex> retained their rites and ceremonies; a great <ex>dispersion</ex> of the human family took place at the building of Babel.</as></def>

<blockquote>The days of your slaughter and of your <b>dispersions</b> are accomplished.
<i>Jer. xxv. 34.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The separation of light into its different colored rays, arising from their different refrangibilities.</def>

<cs><col>Dispersion of the optic axes</col> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld>, <cd>the separation of the optic axes in biaxial crystals, due to the fact that the axial angle has different values for the different colors of the spectrum.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dispersive</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pers"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to disperse.</def>

<cs><col>Dispersive power</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the relative effect of a material in separating the different rays of light by refraction, as when the substance is formed into a prism. -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*pers"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs></wordforms>

<h1>Disperson'ate</h1>
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<hw>Dis*per"son'*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of personality or individuality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>We multiply; we <b>dispersonate</b> ourselves.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispirit</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pir"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dispirited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dispiriting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>spirit</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To deprive of cheerful spirits; to depress the spirits of; to dishearten; to discourage.</def>

<blockquote>Not <b>dispirited</b> with my afflictions.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He has <b>dispirited</b> himself by a debauch.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To distill or infuse the spirit of.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<blockquote>This makes a man master of his learning, and <b>dispirits</b> the book into the scholar.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To dishearten; discourage; deject; damp; depress; cast down; intimidate; daunt; cow.</syn>

<h1>Dispirited</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pir"it*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Depressed in spirits; disheartened; daunted.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*pir"it*ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis*pir"it*ed</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dispiritment</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pir"it*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Depression of spirits; discouragement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Procter, in evident distress and <b>dispiritment</b>, was waiting the slow conclusion of this.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispiteous</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pit"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>piteous</ets>. Cf. <er>Despiteous</er>.]</ety> <def>Full of despite; cruel; spiteful; pitiless.</def> <i>Spenser</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*pit"e*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Displace</h1>
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<hw>Dis*place"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Displaced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Displacing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>place</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82placer</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To change the place of; to remove from the usual or proper place; to put out of place; to place in another situation; <as>as, the books in the library are all <ex>displaced</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To crowd out; to take the place of.</def>

<blockquote>Holland <b>displaced</b> Portugal as the mistress of those seas.
<i>London Times.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To remove from a state, office, dignity, or employment; to discharge; to depose; <as>as, to <ex>displace</ex> an officer of the revenue</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To dislodge; to drive away; to banish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>You have <b>displaced</b> the mirth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To disarrange; derange; dismiss; discard.</syn>

<h1>Displaceable</h1>
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<hw>Dis*place"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being displaced.</def>

<h1>Displacement</h1>
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<hw>Dis*place"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82placement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of displacing, or the state of being displaced; a putting out of place.</def>

<blockquote>Unnecessary <b>displacement</b> of funds.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>displacement</b> of the sun by parallax.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quantity of anything, as water, displaced by a floating body, as by a ship, the weight of the displaced liquid being equal to that of the displacing body.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The process of extracting soluble substances from organic material and the like, whereby a quantity of saturated solvent is <i>displaced</i>, or removed, for another quantity of the solvent.</def>

<cs><col>Piston displacement</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the volume of the space swept through, or weight of steam, water, etc., displaced, in a given time, by the piston of a steam engine or pump.</cd></cs>

<h1>Displacency</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pla"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>displacentia</ets>, for L. <ets>displicentia</ets>, fr. <ets>displicere</ets> to displease; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>placere</ets> to please. See <er>Displease</er>, and cf. <er>Displeasance</er>.]</ety> <def>Want of complacency or gratification; envious displeasure; dislike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Displacer</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pla"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One that displaces.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The funnel part of the apparatus for solution by displacement.</def>

<h1>Displant</h1>
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<hw>Dis*plant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Di<?/planted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Displanting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>plant</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desplanter</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82planter</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To remove (what is planted or fixed); to unsettle and take away; to displace; to root out; <as>as, to <ex>displant</ex> inhabitants</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I did not think a look,
Or a poor word or two, could have <b>displanted</b>
Such a fixed constancy.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strip of what is planted or settled; <as>as, to <ex>displant</ex> a country of inhabitants</as>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Displantation</h1>
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<hw>Dis`plan*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of displanting; removal; displacement.</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Displat</h1>
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<hw>Dis*plat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To untwist; to uncurl; to unplat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hakewill.</i>

<h1>Display</h1>
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<hw>Dis*play"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Displayed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Displaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>displaien</ets>, <ets>desplaien</ets>, OF. <ets>despleier</ets>, <ets>desploier</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82ployer</ets>; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>pleier</ets>, <ets>ploier</ets>, <ets>plier</ets>, F. <ets>ployer</ets>, <ets>plier</ets>, to fold, bend, L. <ets>plicare</ets>. See <er>Ply</er>, and cf. <er>Deploy</er>, <er>Splay</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To unfold; to spread wide; to expand; to stretch out; to spread.</def>

<blockquote>The northern wind his wings did broad <b>display</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To extend the front of (a column), bringing it into line.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To spread before the view; to show; to exhibit to the sight, or to the mind; to make manifest.</def>

<blockquote>His statement . . . <b>displays</b> very clearly the actual condition of the army.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make an exhibition of; to set in view conspicuously or ostentatiously; to exhibit for the sake of publicity; to parade.</def>

<blockquote>Proudly <b>displaying</b> the insignia of their order.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To make conspicuous by large or prominent type.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To discover; to descry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And from his seat took pleasure to <b>display</b>
The city so adorned with towers.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To exhibit; show; manifest; spread out; parade; expand; flaunt.</syn>

<h1>Display</h1>
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<hw>Dis*play"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a display; to act as one making a show or demonstration.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Display</h1>
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<hw>Dis*play"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An opening or unfolding; exhibition; manifestation.</def>

<blockquote>Having witnessed <b>displays</b> of his power and grace.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ostentatious show; exhibition for effect; parade.</def>

<blockquote>He died, as erring man should die,
Without <b>display</b>, without parade.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Displayed</h1>
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<hw>Dis*played"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Unfolded; expanded; exhibited conspicuously or ostentatiously.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>With wings expanded; -- said of a bird of pray, esp. an eagle.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Set with lines of prominent type interspersed, to catch the eye.</def>

<h1>Displayer</h1>
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<hw>Dis*play"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, displays.</def>

<h1>Disple</h1>
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<hw>Dis"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To discipline; to correct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And bitter Penance, with an iron whip,
Was wont him once to <b>disple</b> every day.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Displeasance</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pleas"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>desplaisance</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82plaisance</ets>. Cf. <er>Displacency</er>.]</ety> <def>Displeasure; discontent; annoyance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Displeasant</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pleas"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>desplaisant</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82plaisant</ets>. See <er>Displease</er>.]</ety> <def>Unpleasing; offensive; unpleasant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Speed</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*pleas"ant*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Strype</i>. -- <wf>Dis*pleas"ant*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Displease</h1>
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<hw>Dis*please"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Displeased</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Displeasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>desplaisir</ets>, whence F. <ets>d\'82plaisir</ets> displeasure; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>plaisir</ets> to please. See <er>Please</er>, and cf. <er>Displeasure</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make not pleased; to excite a feeling of disapprobation or dislike in; to be disagreeable to; to offend; to vex; -- often followed by <i>with</i> or <i>at</i>. It usually expresses less than to <i>anger</i>, <i>vex</i>, <i>irritate</i>, or <i>provoke</i>.</def>

<blockquote>God was <b>displeased</b> with this thing.
<i>1 Chron. xxi. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wilt thou be <b>displeased</b> at us forever?
<i>Psalms lxxxv. 5 (Bk. of Com. Prayer).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This virtuous plaster will <b>displease</b>
Your tender sides.
<i>J. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Adversity is so wholesome . . . why should we be <b>displeased</b> therewith?
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fail to satisfy; to miss of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I shall <b>displease</b> my ends else.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To offend; disgust; vex; annoy; dissatisfy; chafe; anger; provoke; affront.</syn>

<h1>Displease</h1>
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<hw>Dis*please"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To give displeasure or offense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Displeasedly</h1>
<Xpage=429>

<hw>Dis*pleas"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With displeasure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Displeasedness</h1>
<Xpage=429>

<hw>Dis*pleas"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Displeasure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Displeaser</h1>
<Xpage=429>

<hw>Dis*pleas"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who displeases.</def>

<h1>Displeasing</h1>
<Xpage=429>

<hw>Dis*pleas"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing displeasure or dissatisfaction; offensive; disagreeable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*pleas"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis*pleas"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <i>Locke</i>.</wordforms>

<h1>Displeasure</h1>
<Xpage=429>

<hw>Dis*pleas"ure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>pleasure</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desplaisir</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82plaisir</ets>. Cf. <er>Displease</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The feeling of one who is displeased; irritation or uneasiness of the mind, occasioned by anything that counteracts desire or command, or which opposes justice or a sense of propriety; disapprobation; dislike; dissatisfaction; disfavor; indignation.</def>

<blockquote>O Lord, rebuke me not in thine anger, neither chasten me in thy hot <b>displeasure</b>.
<i>Ps. vi. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Undoubtedly he will relent, and turn
From his <b>displeasure</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which displeases; cause of irritation or annoyance; offense; injury.</def>

<blockquote>Hast thou delight to see a wretched man
Do outrage and <b>displeasure</b> to himself?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="430">
Page 430<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>State of disgrace or disfavor; disfavor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He went into Poland, being in <b>displeasure</b> with the pope for overmuch familiarity.
<i>Peacham.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Dissatisfaction; disapprobation; disfavor; distaste; dislike; anger; hate; aversion; indignation; offense.</syn>

<h1>Displeasure</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pleas"ure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To displease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Displenish</h1>
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<hw>Dis*plen"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive or strip, as a house of furniture, or a barn of stock.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Displicence, Displicency</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw><hw>Dis"pli*cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dis"pli*cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>displicentia</ets>. See <er>Displacency</er>.]</ety> <def>Dislike; dissatisfaction; discontent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Displode</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*plode"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disploded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disploding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>displodere</ets>, <ets>displosum</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>plodere</ets>, <ets>plaudere</ets>, to clap, strike, beat.]</ety> <def>To discharge; to explode.</def>

<blockquote>In posture to <b>displode</b> their second tire
Of thunder.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Displode</h1>
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<hw>Dis*plode"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To burst with a loud report; to explode.</def> "<i>Disploding</i> engines."

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Displosion</h1>
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<hw>Dis*plo"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Explosion.</def>

<blockquote>The vast <b>displosion</b> dissipates the clouds.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Displosive</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*plo"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Explosive.</def>

<h1>Displume</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*plume"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Displumed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Displuming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>plume</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desplumer</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82plumer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To strip of, or as of, a plume, or plumes; to deprive of decoration; to dishonor; to degrade.</def>

<blockquote><b>Displumed</b>, degraded, and metamorphosed.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispoline</h1>
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<hw>Dis"po*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of several isomeric organic bases of the quinoline series of alkaloids.</def>

<h1>Dispond</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pond"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Despond</er>.</def>

<h1>Dispondee</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Di*spon"dee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dispondeus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ spondee.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. <?/ Lat. Pros.)</fld> <def>A double spondee; a foot consisting of four long syllables.</def>

<h1>Dispone</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disponere</ets>. See <er>Disposition</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>To dispose.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dispose of.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>To make over, or convey, legally.</def>

<blockquote>He has <b>disponed</b> . . . the whole estate.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disponee</h1>
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<hw>Dis`po*nee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The person to whom any property is legally conveyed.</def>

<h1>Disponer</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pon"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>One who legally transfers property from himself to another.</def>

<h1>Disponge</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ponge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>sponge</ets>.]</ety> <def>To sprinkle, as with water from a sponge.</def> <mark>[Poetic & Rare]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dispunge</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>O sovereign mistress of true melancholy,
The poisonous damp of night <b>disponge</b> upon me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispope</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pope"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To refuse to consider as pope; to depose from the popedom.</def>

<blockquote>One whom they <b>disposed</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disporous</h1>
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<hw>Di*spor"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>sporous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having two spores.</def>

<h1>Disport</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*port"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>desport</ets>, <ets>deport</ets>. See <er>Disport</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and cf. <er>Sport</er>.]</ety> <def>Play; sport; pastime; diversion; playfulness.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Disport</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*port"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disported</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disporting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>se desporter</ets>; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + F. <ets>porter</ets> to carry; orig. therefore, to carry one's self away from work, to go to amuse one's self. See <er>Port</er> demeanor, and cf. <er>Sport</er>.]</ety> <def>To play; to wanton; to move in gayety; to move lightly and without restraint; to amuse one's self.</def>

<blockquote>Where light <b>disports</b> in ever mingling dyes.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Childe Harold basked him in the noontide sun,
<b>Disporting</b> there like any other fly.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disport</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*port"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>desporter</ets>. See <er>Disport</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To divert or amuse; to make merry.</def>

<blockquote>They could <b>disport</b> themselves.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To remove from a port; to carry away.</def>

<i>Prynne.</i>

<h1>Disportment</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*port"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of disporting; diversion; play.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Disposable</h1>
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<hw>Dis*pos"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Dispose</er>.]</ety> <def>Subject to disposal; free to be used or employed as occasion may require; not assigned to any service or use.</def>

<blockquote>The great of this kingdom . . . has easily afforded a <b>disposable</b> surplus.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disposal</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pos"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Dispose</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of disposing, or disposing of, anything; arrangement; orderly distribution; a putting in order; <as>as, the <ex>disposal</ex> of the troops in two lines</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ordering; regulation; adjustment; management; government; direction.</def>

<blockquote>The execution leave to high <b>disposal</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Regulation of the fate, condition, application, etc., of anything; the transference of anything into new hands, a new place, condition, etc.; alienation, or parting; <as>as, a <ex>disposal</ex> of property</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A domestic affair of great importance, which is no less than the <b>disposal</b> of my sister Jenny for life.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Power or authority to dispose of, determine the condition of, control, etc., especially in the phrase <i>at</i>, or <i>in</i>, the <i>disposal</i> of.</def>

<blockquote>The sole and absolute <b>disposal</b> of him an his concerns.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Disposition; dispensation; management; conduct; government; distribution; arrangement; regulation; control.</syn>

<h1>Dispose</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disposed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disposing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>disposer</ets>; pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>poser</ets> to place. See <er>Pose</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To distribute and put in place; to arrange; to set in order; <as>as, to <ex>dispose</ex> the ships in the form of a crescent</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Who hath <b>disposed</b> the whole world?
<i>Job xxxiv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All ranged in order and <b>disposed</b> with grace.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The rest themselves in troops did else <b>dispose</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To regulate; to adjust; to settle; to determine.</def>

<blockquote>The knightly forms of combat to <b>dispose</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deal out; to assign to a use; to bestow for an object or purpose; to apply; to employ; to dispose of.</def>

<blockquote>Importuned him that what he designed to bestow on her funeral, he would rather <b>dispose</b> among the poor.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give a tendency or inclination to; to adapt; to cause to turn; especially, to incline the mind of; to give a bent or propension to; to incline; to make inclined; -- usually followed by <i>to</i>, sometimes by <i>for</i> before the indirect object.</def>

<blockquote>Endure and conquer; Jove will soon <b>dispose</b>
To future good our past and present woes.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Suspicions <b>dispose</b> kings to tyranny, husbands to jealousy, and wise men to irresolution and melancholy.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To dispose of</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To determine the fate of; to exercise the power of control over; to fix the condition, application, employment, etc. of; to direct or assign for a use.</cd>

<blockquote>Freedom to order their actions and <b>dispose of</b> their possessions and persons.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To exercise finally one's power of control over; to pass over into the control of some one else, as by selling; to alienate; to part with; to relinquish; to get rid of; as, to <i>dispose of</i> a house; to <i>dispose of</i> one's time</def>.

<blockquote>More water . . . than can be <b>disposed of</b>.
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have <b>disposed of</b> her to a man of business.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A rural judge <b>disposed of</b> beauty's prize.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To set; arrange; order; distribute; adjust; regulate; adapt; fit; incline; bestow; give.</syn>

<h1>Dispose</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To bargain; to make terms.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She had <b>disposed</b> with C\'91sar.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispose</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pose"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Disposal; ordering; management; power or right of control.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>But such is the <b>dispose</b> of the sole Disposer of empires.
<i>Speed.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cast of mind; disposition; inclination; behavior; demeanor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He hath a person, and a smooth <b>dispose</b>
To be suspected.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disposed</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*posed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclined; minded.</def>

<blockquote>When he was <b>disposed</b> to pass into Achaia.
<i>Acts xviii. 27.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inclined to mirth; jolly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<cs><col>Well disposed</col>, <cd>in good condition; in good health. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Disposedness</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pos"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being disposed or inclined; inclination; propensity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disposement</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pose"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disposal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Goodwin.</i>

<h1>Disposer</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pos"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, disposes; a regulator; a director; a bestower.</def>

<blockquote>Absolute lord and <b>disposer</b> of all things.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disposingly</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pos"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner to dispose.</def>

<h1>Disposited</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pos"it*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Disposition</er>.]</ety> <def>Disposed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Disposition</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis`po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>disposition</ets>, <ets>dispositio</ets>, fr. <ets>disponere</ets> to dispose; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>ponere</ets> to place. See <er>Position</er>, and cf. <er>Dispone</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of disposing, arranging, ordering, regulating, or transferring; application; disposal; <as>as, the <ex>disposition</ex> of a man's property by will</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Who have received the law by the <b>disposition</b> of angels.
<i>Acts vii. 53.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>disposition</b> of the work, to put all things in a beautiful order and harmony, that the whole may be of a piece.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state or the manner of being disposed or arranged; distribution; arrangement; order; <as>as, the <ex>disposition</ex> of the trees in an orchard; the <ex>disposition</ex> of the several parts of an edifice.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Tendency to any action or state resulting from natural constitution; nature; quality; <as>as, a <ex>disposition</ex> in plants to grow in a direction upward; a <ex>disposition</ex> in bodies to putrefaction.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Conscious inclination; propension or propensity.</def>

<blockquote>How stands your <b>disposition</b> to be married?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Natural or prevailing spirit, or temperament of mind, especially as shown in intercourse with one's fellow-men; temper of mind.</def> "A man of turbulent <i>disposition</i>." <i>Hallam</i>. "He is of a very melancholy <i>disposition</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>His <b>disposition</b> led him to do things agreeable to his quality and condition wherein God had placed him.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Mood; humor.</def>

<blockquote>As I perchance hereafter shall think meet
To put an antic <b>disposition</b> on.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Disposal; adjustment; regulation; arrangement; distribution; order; method; adaptation; inclination; propensity; bestowment; alienation; character; temper; mood. -- <er>Disposition</er>, <er>Character</er>, <er>Temper</er>. <i>Disposition</i> is the natural humor of a person, the predominating quality of his character, the constitutional habit of his mind. <i>Character</i> is this disposition influenced by motive, training, and will. <i>Temper</i> is a quality of the fiber of character, and is displayed chiefly when the emotions, especially the passions, are aroused.</syn>

<h1>Dispositional</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis`po*si"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to disposition.</def>

<h1>Dispositioned</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis`po*si"tioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having (such) a disposition; -- used in compounds; <as>as, well-<ex>dispositioned</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Dispositive</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pos"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dispositif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Disposing; tending to regulate; decretive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His <b>dispositive</b> wisdom and power.
<i>Bates.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Belonging to disposition or natural, tendency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Dispositive</i> holiness."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Dispositively</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pos"i*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dispositive manner; by natural or moral disposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<blockquote>Do <b>dispositively</b> what Moses is recorded to have done literally, . . . break all the ten commandments at once.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispositor</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pos"it*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Disposition</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A disposer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The planet which is lord of the sign where another planet is.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Dispossess</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis`pos*sess"</hw> <tt>(?; see <er>Possess</er>)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dispossessed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dispossessing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>possess</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82poss\'82der</ets>.]</ety> <def>To put out of possession; to deprive of the actual occupancy of, particularly of land or real estate; to disseize; to eject; -- usually followed by <i>of</i> before the thing taken away; <as>as, to <ex>dispossess</ex> a king of his crown</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Usurp the land, and <b>dispossess</b> the swain.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispossession</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis`pos*ses"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>d\'82possession</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of putting out of possession; the state of being dispossessed.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The putting out of possession, wrongfully or otherwise, of one who is in possession of a freehold, no matter in what title; -- called also <altname>ouster</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dispossessor</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis`pos*sess"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dispossesses.</def>

<i>Cowley.</i>

<h1>Dispost</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*post"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To eject from a post; to displace.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Davies (Holy Roode).</i>

<h1>Disposure</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*po"sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Dispose</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of disposing; power to dispose of; disposal; direction.</def>

<blockquote>Give up
My estate to his <b>disposure</b>.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disposition; arrangement; position; posture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In a kind of warlike <b>disposure</b>.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispraisable</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*prais"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Blamable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dispraise</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*praise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dispraised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dispraising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>dispreisen</ets>, OF. <ets>desprisier</ets>, <ets>despreisier</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82priser</ets>; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>prisier</ets>, F. <ets>priser</ets>, to prize, praise. See <er>Praise</er>, and cf. <er>Disprize</er>, <er>Depreciate</er>.]</ety> <def>To withdraw praise from; to notice with disapprobation or some degree of censure; to disparage; to blame.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dispraising</b> the power of his adversaries.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>dispraised</b> him before the wicked, that the wicked might not fall in love with him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispraise</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*praise"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>despris</ets>. See <er>Dispraise</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>The act of dispraising; detraction; blame censure; reproach; disparagement.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>In praise and in <b>dispraise</b> the same.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispraiser</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*prais"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who blames or dispraises.</def>

<h1>Dispraisingly</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*praising*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of dispraise.</def>

<h1>Dispread</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pread"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>spread</ets>.]</ety> <def>To spread abroad, or different ways; to spread apart; to open; <as>as, the sun <ex>dispreads</ex> his beams</as>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Dispread</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pread"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To extend or expand itself.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>While tyrant H<?/<?/t, <b>dispreading</b> through the sky.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispreader</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pread"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who spreads abroad.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dispreaders</b> both of vice and error.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disprejudice</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*prej"u*dice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To free from prejudice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Disprepare</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis`pre*pare"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render unprepared.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hobbes.</i>

<h1>Disprince</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*prince"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make unlike a prince.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>For I was drench'd with ooze, and torn with briers, . . .
And, all one rag, <b>disprinced</b> from head to heel.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disprison</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pris"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To let loose from prison, to set all liberty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bulwer.</i>

<h1>Disprivilege</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*priv"i*lege</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of a privilege or privileges.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disprize</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*prize"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Dispraise</er>.]</ety> <def>To do preciate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cotton (Ode to Lydia).</i>

<h1>Disprofess</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis`pro*fess"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To renounce the profession or pursuit of.</def>

<blockquote>His arms, which he had vowed to <b>disprofess</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disprofit</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*prof"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Loss; damage.</def>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Disprofit</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*prof"it</hw>, <tt>v. i. & i.</tt> <def>To be, or to cause to be, without profit or benefit.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Disprofitable</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*prof"it*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unprofitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disproof</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*proof"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>proof</ets>. Cf. <er>Disprove</er>.]</ety> <def>A proving to be false or erroneous; confutation; refutation; <as>as, to offer evidence in <ex>disproof</ex> of a statement</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I need not offer anything farther in support of one, or in <b>disproof</b> of the other.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disproperty</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*prop"er*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to be no longer property; to dispossess of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Disproportion</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis`pro*por"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>proportion</ets>: cf. F. <ets>disproportion</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of proportion in form or quantity; lack of symmetry; <as>as, the arm may be in <ex>disproportion</ex> to the body; the <ex>disproportion</ex> of the length of a building to its height.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Want of suitableness, adequacy, or due proportion to an end or use; unsuitableness; disparity; <as>as, the <ex>disproportion</ex> of strength or means to an object</as>.</def>

<h1>Disproportion</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis`pro*por"tion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disproportioned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disproportioning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make unsuitable in quantity, form, or fitness to an end; to violate symmetry in; to mismatch; to join unfitly.</def>

<blockquote>To shape my legs of an unequal size;
To <b>disproportion</b> me in every part.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A degree of strength altogether <b>disproportioned</b> to the extent of its territory.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disproportionable</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis`pro*por"tion*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disproportional; unsuitable in form, size, quantity, or adaptation; disproportionate; inadequate.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis`pro*por"tion*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <i>Hammond</i>. -- <wf>Dis`pro*por"tion*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Disproportional</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis`pro*por"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not having due proportion to something else; not having proportion or symmetry of parts; unsuitable in form, quantity or value; inadequate; unequal; <as>as, a <ex>disproportional</ex> limb constitutes deformity in the body; the studies of youth should not be <ex>disproportional</ex> to their understanding.</as></def>

<h1>Disproportionality</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis`pro*por`tion*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being disproportional.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Disproportionally</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis`pro*por"tion*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a disproportional manner; unsuitably in form, quantity, or value; unequally.</def>

<h1>Disproportionate</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis`pro*por"tion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not proportioned; unsymmetrical; unsuitable to something else in bulk, form, value, or extent; out of proportion; inadequate; <as>as, in a perfect body none of the limbs are <ex>disproportionate</ex>; it is wisdom not to undertake a work <ex>disproportionate</ex> means.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis`pro*por"tion*ate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis`pro*por"tion*ate*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dispropriate</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*pro"pri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>propriare</ets> to appropriate, fr. <ets>proprius</ets> one's own, proper.]</ety> <def>To cancel the appropriation of; to disappropriate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disprovable</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*prov"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being disproved or refuted.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Disproval</h1>
<Xpage=430>

<hw>Dis*prov"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of disproving; disproof.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="431">
Page 431<p>

<h1>Disprove</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*prove"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disproved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disproving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>prove</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desprover</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To prove to be false or erroneous; to confute; to refute.</def>

<blockquote>That false supposition I advanced in order to <b>disprove</b> it.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To disallow; to disapprove of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Stirling.</i>

<h1>Disprover</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*prov"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disproves or confutes.</def>

<h1>Disprovide</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis`pro*vide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Not to provide; to fail to provide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Dispunct</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*punct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wanting in punctilious respect; discourteous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That were <b>dispunct</b> to the ladies.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispunct</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*punct"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Dispunge</er>.]</ety> <def>To expunge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Dispunge</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*punge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dispungere</ets> to prick apart, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., check off the debts and credits of an account; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>pungere</ets> to prick.]</ety> <def>To expunge; to erase.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dispunge</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*punge"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Disponge</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dispunishable</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*pun"ish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without penal restraint; not punishable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Dispurpose</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*pur"pose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dissuade; to frustrate; <as>as, to <ex>dispurpose</ex> plots</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>A. Brewer.</i>

<h1>Dispurse</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*purse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To disburse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dispurvey</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis`pur*vey"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>purvey</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desporveoir</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82pourvoir</ets>.]</ety> <def>To disfurnish; to strip.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Heywood.</i>

<h1>Dispurveyance</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis`pur*vey"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of provisions; <?/ack of food.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Disputable</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis`pu*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disputabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>disputable</ets>. See <er>Dispute</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being disputed; liable to be called in question, controverted, or contested; or doubtful certainty or propriety; controvertible; <as>as, <ex>disputable</ex> opinions, propositions, points, or questions</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Actions, every one of which is very <b>disputable</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disputatious; contentious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Disputableness</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis`pu*ta*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being disputable.</def>

<h1>Disputacity</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis`pu*tac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dispute</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Proneness to dispute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Ward.</i>

<h1>Disputant</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis"pu*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disputants</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>disputare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>disputant</ets>. See <er>Dispute</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Disputing; engaged in controversy.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Disputant</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis"pu*tant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disputes; one who argues <?/<?/ opposition to another; one appointed to dispute; a controvertist; a reasoner in opposition.</def>

<blockquote>A singularly eager, acute, and pertinacious <b>disputant</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disputation</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis`pu*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>desputeson</ets>, <ets>disputacion</ets>, OF. <ets>desputeison</ets>, F. <ets>disputation</ets>, fr. L. <ets>disputatio</ets>. See <er>Dispute</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of disputing; a reasoning or argumentation in opposition to something, or on opposite sides; controversy in words; verbal contest respecting the truth of some fact, opinion, proposition, or argument.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rhetorical exercise in which parties reason in opposition to each other on some question proposed.</def>

<h1>Disputatious</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis`pu*ta"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclined to dispute; apt to civil or controvert; characterized by dispute; <as>as, a <ex>disputatious</ex> person or temper</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The Christian doctrine of a future life was no recommendation of the new religion to the wits and philosophers of that <b>disputations</b> period.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dis`pu*ta"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis`pu*ta"tious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Disputative</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*put"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disputativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disposed to dispute; inclined to cavil or to reason in opposition; <as>as, a <ex>disputative</ex> temper</as>.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<h1>Dispute</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*pute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disputed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disputing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>desputen</ets>, <ets>disputen</ets>, OF. <ets>desputer</ets>, <ets>disputer</ets>, F. <ets>disputer</ets>, from L. <ets>disputare</ets>, <ets>disputatum</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>putare</ets> to clean; hence, fig., to clear up, set in order, reckon, think. See <er>Putative</er>, <er>Pure</er>.]</ety> <def>To contend in argument; to argue against something maintained, upheld, or claimed, by another; to discuss; to reason; to debate; to altercate; to wrangle.</def>

<blockquote>Therefore <b>disputed</b> [reasoned, <i>Rev. Ver</i></blockquote>.] he in synagogue with the Jews.
<i>Acts xvii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dispute</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*pute"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a subject of disputation; to argue pro and con; to discuss.</def>

<blockquote>The rest I reserve it be <b>disputed</b> how the magistrate is to do herein.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To oppose by argument or assertion; to attempt to overthrow; to controvert; to express dissent or opposition to; to call in question; to deny the truth or validity of; <as>as, to <ex>dispute</ex> assertions or arguments</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To seize goods under the <b>disputed</b> authority of writs of assistance.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To strive or contend about; to contest.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>dispute</b> the possession of the ground with the Spaniards.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To struggle against; to resist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Dispute</b> it [grief] like a man.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To controvert; contest; gainsay; doubt; question; argue; debate; discuss; impugn. See <er>Argue</er>.</syn>

<h1>Dispute</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*pute"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dispute</ets>. See <er>Dispute</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Verbal controversy; contest by opposing argument or expression of opposing views or claims; controversial discussion; altercation; debate.</def>

<blockquote>Addicted more
To contemplation and profound <b>dispute</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contest; struggle; quarrel.</def>

<i>De Foe.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Beyond dispute</col>, <col>Without dispute</col></mcol>, <cd>indisputably; incontrovertibly.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Altercation; controversy; argumentation; debate; discussion; quarrel; disagreement; difference; contention; wrangling. See <er>Altercation</er>.</syn>

<h1>Disputeless</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*pute"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admitting no dispute; incontrovertible.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Disputer</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*put"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disputes, or who is given to disputes; a controvertist.</def>

<blockquote>Where is the <b>disputer</b> of this world?
<i>1 Cor. i. 20.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disputison</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*pu"ti*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Disputation</er>.]</ety> <def>Dispute; discussion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Disqualification</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*qual`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of disqualifying, or state of being disqualified; want of qualification; incompetency; disability; <as>as, the <ex>disqualification</ex> of men for holding certain offices</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which disqualifies; that which incapacitates or makes unfit; <as>as, conviction of crime is a <ex>disqualification</ex> of a person for office; sickness is a <ex>disqualification</ex> for labor.</as></def>

<blockquote>I must still retain the consciousness of those <b>disqualifications</b> which you have been pleased to overlook.
<i>Sir J. Shore.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disqualify</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*qual"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disqualified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disqualifying</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To deprive of the qualities or properties necessary for any purpose; to render unfit; to incapacitate; -- with <i>for</i> or <i>from</i> before the purpose, state, or act.</def>

<blockquote>My common illness <b>disqualifies</b> me for all conversation; I mean my deafness.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Me are not <b>disqualified</b> by their engagements in trade from being received in high society.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive of some power, right, or privilege, by positive restriction; to disable; to debar legally; <as>as, a conviction of perjury <ex>disqualifies</ex> a man to be a witness</as>.</def>

<h1>Disquantity</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*quan"ti*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To diminish the quantity of; to lessen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Disquiet</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*qui"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deprived of quiet; impatient; restless; uneasy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Disquiet</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*qui"et</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of quiet; want of tranquility in body or mind; uneasiness; restlessness; disturbance; anxiety.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Disquiet</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*qui"et</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disquieted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disquieting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To render unquiet; to deprive of peace, rest, or tranquility; to make uneasy or restless; to disturb.</def>

<blockquote>Why art thou cast down, O my soul, and why art thou <b>disquieted</b> within me?
<i>Ps. xlii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As quiet as these <b>disquieted</b> times will permit.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To harass; disturb; vex; fret; excite; agitate.</syn>

<h1>Disquietal</h1>
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<hw>Dis*qui"et*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disquieting; a state of disquiet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>[It] roars and strives 'gainst its <b>disquietal</b>.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disquieter</h1>
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<hw>Dis*qui"et*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, disquiets, or makes uneasy; a disturber.</def>

<h1>Disquietful</h1>
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<hw>Dis*qui"et*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Producing inquietude or uneasiness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Disquietive</h1>
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<hw>Dis*qui"et*ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to disquiet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disquietly</h1>
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<hw>Dis*qui"et*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a disquiet manner; uneasily; <as>as, he rested <ex>disquietly</ex> that night</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Disquietment</h1>
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<hw>Dis*qui"et*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being disquieted; uneasiness; harassment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hopkins.</i>

<h1>Disquietness</h1>
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<hw>Dis*qui"et*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disturbance of quiet in body or mind; restlessness; uneasiness.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Disquietous</h1>
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<hw>Dis*qui"et*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing uneasiness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>So distasteful and <b>disquietous</b> to a number of men.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disquiettude</h1>
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<hw>Dis*qui"et*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of peace or tranquility; uneasiness; disturbance; agitation; anxiety.</def>

<blockquote>Fears and <b>disquietude</b>, and unavoidable anxieties of mind.
<i>Abp. Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disquisition</h1>
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<hw>Dis`qui*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disquisitio</ets>, fr. <ets>disquirere</ets> to inquire diligently, investigate; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>quaerere</ets> to seek. See <er>Quest</er>.]</ety> <def>A formal or systematic inquiry into, or discussion of, any subject; a full examination or investigation of a matter, with the arguments and facts bearing upon it; elaborate essay; dissertation.</def>

<blockquote>For accurate research or grave <b>disquisition</b> he was not well qualified.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disquisitional</h1>
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<hw>Dis`qui*si"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to disquisition; of the nature of disquisition.</def>

<h1>Disquisitionary</h1>
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<hw>Dis`qui*si"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to disquisition; disquisitional.</def>

<h1>Disquisitive</h1>
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<hw>Dis*quis"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to disquisition; fond discussion or investigation; examining; inquisitive.</def>

<h1>Disquisitorial</h1>
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<hw>Dis*quis`i*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disquisitory.</def>

<h1>Disquisitory</h1>
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<hw>Dis*quis"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to disquisition; disquisitive.</def>

<i>Ed. Rev.</i>

<h1>Disrange</h1>
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<hw>Dis*range"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>range</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desrengier</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82rangier</ets>. See <er>Derange</er>, <er>Disrank</er>.]</ety> <def>To disarrange.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Disrank</h1>
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<hw>Dis*rank"</hw> <tt>(?; see <er>Dis-</er>)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Derange</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To degrade from rank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To throw out of rank or into confusion.</def>

<i>Decker.</i>

<h1>Disrate</h1>
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<hw>Dis*rate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reduce to a lower rating or rank; to degrade.</def>

<i>Marryat.</i>

<h1>Disray</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ray"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>variant</tt> <def>of <er>Disarray</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Disrealize</h1>
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<hw>Dis*re"al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To divest of reality; to make uncertain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Disregard</h1>
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<hw>Dis`re*gard"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disregarded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disregarding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Not to regard; to pay no heed to; to omit to take notice of; to neglect to observe; to slight as unworthy of regard or notice; <as>as, to <ex>disregard</ex> the admonitions of conscience</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Studious of good, man <b>disregarded</b> fame.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disregard</h1>
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<hw>Dis`re*gard"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disregarding, or the state of being disregarded; intentional neglect; omission of notice; want of attention; slight.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>disregard</b> of experience.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disregarder</h1>
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<hw>Dis`re*gard"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disregards.</def>

<h1>Disregardful</h1>
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<hw>Dis`re*gard"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Neglect; negligent; heedless; regardless.</def>

<h1>Disregardfully</h1>
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<hw>Dis`re*gard"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Negligently; heedlessly.</def>

<h1>Disrelish</h1>
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<hw>Dis*rel"ish</hw> <tt>(?; see <er>Dis-</er>)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of relish; dislike (of the palate or of the mind); distaste; a slight degree of disgust; <as>as, a <ex>disrelish</ex> for some kinds of food</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Men love to hear of their power, but have an extreme <b>disrelish</b> to be told of their duty.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Absence of relishing or palatable quality; bad taste; nauseousness.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Disrelish</h1>
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<hw>Dis*rel"ish</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disrelished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disrelishing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not to relish; to regard as unpalatable or offensive; to feel a degree of disgust at.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive of relish; to make nauseous or disgusting in a slight degree.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Disremember</h1>
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<hw>Dis`re*mem"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fail to remember; to forget.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Disrepair</h1>
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<hw>Dis`re*pair"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being in bad condition, and wanting repair.</def>

<blockquote>The fortifications were ancient and in <b>disrepair</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disreputability</h1>
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<hw>Dis*rep`u*ta*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being disreputable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Disreputable</h1>
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<hw>Dis*rep"u*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not reputable; of bad repute; not in esteem; dishonorable; disgracing the reputation; tending to bring into disesteem; <as>as, it is <ex>disreputable</ex> to associate familiarly with the mean, the lewd, and the profane</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Why should you think that conduct <b>disreputable</b> in priests which you probably consider as laudable in yourself?
<i>Bp. Watson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Dishonorable; discreditable; low; mean; disgraceful; shameful.</syn>

<h1>Disreputably</h1>
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<hw>Dis*rep"u*ta*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a disreputable manner.</def>

<h1>Disreputation</h1>
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<hw>Dis*rep`u*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Loss or want of reputation or good name; dishonor; disrepute; disesteem.</def> "A <i>disreputation</i> of piety."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Disrepute</h1>
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<hw>Dis`re*pute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Loss or want of reputation; ill character; disesteem; discredit.</def>

<blockquote>At the beginning of the eighteenth century astrology fell into general <b>disrepute</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Disesteem; discredit; dishonor; disgrace.</syn>

<h1>Disrepute</h1>
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<hw>Dis`re*pute"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bring into disreputation; to hold in dishonor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>More inclined to love them tan to <b>disrepute</b> them.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disrespect</h1>
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<hw>Dis`re*spect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of respect or reverence; disesteem; incivility; discourtesy.</def>

<blockquote>Impatience of bearing the least affront or <b>disrespect</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disrespect</h1>
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<hw>Dis`re*spect"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To show disrespect to.</def>

<blockquote>We have <b>disrespected</b> and slighted God.
<i>Comber.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disrespectability</h1>
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<hw>Dis`re*spect`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of respectability.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Disrespectable</h1>
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<hw>Dis`re*spect"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not respectable; disreputable.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Disrespecter</h1>
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<hw>Dis`re*spect"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disrespects.</def>

<h1>Disrespectful</h1>
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<hw>Dis`re*spect"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wanting in respect; manifesting disesteem or lack of respect; uncivil; <as>as, <ex>disrespectful</ex> behavior</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis`re*spect"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis`re*spect"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Disrespective</h1>
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<hw>Dis`re*spect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Showing want of respect; disrespectful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Disreverence</h1>
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<hw>Dis*rev"er*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat irreverently or with disrespect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Disrobe</h1>
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<hw>Dis*robe"</hw> <tt>(?; see <er>Dis-</er>)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disrobed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disrobing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To divest of a robe; to undress; figuratively, to strip of covering; to divest of that which clothes or decorates; <as>as, autumn <ex>disrobes</ex> the fields of verdure</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Two great peers were <b>disrobed</b> of their glory.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disrober</h1>
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<hw>Dis*rob"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, disrobes.</def>

<h1>Disroof</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*roof"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To unroof.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Disroot</h1>
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<hw>Dis*root"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disrooted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disrooting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To tear up the roots of, or by the roots; hence, to tear from a foundation; to uproot.</def>

<blockquote>A piece of ground <b>disrooted</b> from its situation by subterraneous inundations.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disrout</h1>
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<hw>Dis*rout"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>desrouter</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82router</ets>.]</ety> <def>To put to rout.</def>

<i>Taylor (1630).</i>

<h1>Disrudder</h1>
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<hw>Dis*rud"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of the rudder, as a ship.</def>

<h1>Disrulily</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*ru"li*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a disorderly manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Disruly</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ru"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unruly; disorderly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disrupt</h1>
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<hw>Dis*rupt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disruptus</ets>, <ets>diruptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>disrumpere</ets>, to break or burst asunder; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>rumpere</ets> to break, burst. See <er>Rupture</er>.]</ety> <def>Rent off; torn asunder; severed; disrupted.</def>

<h1>Disrupt</h1>
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<hw>Dis*rupt"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disrupted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disrupting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To break asunder; to rend.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Disruption</h1>
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<hw>Dis*rup"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disruptio</ets>, <ets>diruptio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or rending asunder, or the state of being rent asunder or broken in pieces; breach; rent; dilaceration; rupture; <as>as, the <ex>disruption</ex> of rocks in an earthquake; <ex>disruption</ex> of a state.</as></def>

<h1>Disruptive</h1>
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<hw>Dis*rupt"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing, or tending to cause, disruption; caused by disruption; breaking through; bursting; <as>as, the <ex>disruptive</ex> discharge of an electrical battery</as>.</def>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<h1>Disrupture</h1>
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<hw>Dis*rup"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disruption.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jefferson.</i>

<h1>Dissatisfaction</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sat`is*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being dissatisfied, unsatisfied, or discontented; uneasiness proceeding from the want of gratification, or from disappointed wishes and expectations.</def>

<blockquote>The ambitious man has little happiness, but is subject to much uneasiness and <b>dissatisfaction</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Discontent; discontentment; displeasure; disapprobation; distaste; dislike.</syn>

<h1>Dissatisfactory</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sat`is*fac"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing dissatisfaction; unable to give content; unsatisfactory; displeasing.</def>

<blockquote>To have reduced the different qualifications in the different States to one uniform rule, would probably have been as <b>dissatisfactory</b> to some of the States, as difficult for the Convention.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dis*sat`is*fac"to*ri*ness</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dissatisfy</h1>
<Xpage=431>

<hw>Dis*sat"is*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dissatisfied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dissatisfying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To render unsatisfied or discontented; to excite uneasiness in by frustrating wishes or expectations; to displease by the want of something requisite; <as>as, to be <ex>dissatisfied</ex> with one's fortune</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>dissatisfied</b> factions of the autocracy.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disseat</h1>
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<hw>Dis*seat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To unseat.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dissect</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dissected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dissecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dissectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dissecare</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>secare</ets> to cut. See <er>Section</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>To divide into separate parts; to cut in pieces; to separate and expose the parts of, as an animal or a plant, for examination and to show their structure and relations; to anatomize.</def>

<hr>
<page="432">
Page 432<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To analyze, for the purposes of science or criticism; to divide and examine minutely.</def>

<blockquote>This paragraph . . . I have <b>dissected</b> for a sample.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dissected</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sect"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cut into several parts; divided into sections; <as>as, a <ex>dissected</ex> map</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Cut deeply into many lobes or divisions; <as>as, a <ex>dissected</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Dissectible</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sect"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being dissected, or separated by dissection.</def>

<i>Paley.</i>

<h1>Dissecting</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sect"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dividing or separating the parts of an animal or vegetable body; <as>as, a <ex>dissecting</ex> aneurism, one which makes its way between or within the coats of an artery</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to, or received during, a dissection; <as>as, a <ex>dissecting</ex> wound</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Used for or in dissecting; <as>as, a <ex>dissecting</ex> knife; a <ex>dissecting</ex> microscope.</as></def>

<h1>Dissection</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dissection</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of dissecting an animal or plant; <as>as, <ex>dissection</ex> of the human body was held sacrilege till the time of Francis I</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: The act of separating or dividing for the purpose of critical examination.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything dissected; especially, some part, or the whole, of an animal or plant dissected so as to exhibit the structure; an anatomical so prepared.</def>

<cs><col>Dissection wound</col>, <cd>a poisoned wound incurred during the dissection of a dead body.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dissector</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sect"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dissecteur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who dissects; an anatomist.</def>

<h1>Disseize</h1>
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<hw>Dis*seize"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disseized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disseizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>seize</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dessaisir</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> To deprive of seizin or possession; to dispossess or oust wrongfully (one in freehold possession of land); -- followed by <i>of</i>; <as>as, to <ex>disseize</ex> a tenant of his freehold</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>disseise</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Which savage beasts strive as eagerly to keep and hold those golden mines, as the Arimaspians to <b>disseize</b> them thereof.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disseizee</h1>
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<hw>Dis`sei*zee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person disseized, or put out of possession of an estate unlawfully; -- correlative to <i>disseizor</i>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>disseisee</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Disseizin</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sei"zin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>dessaisine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act of disseizing; an unlawful dispossessing and ouster of a person actually seized of the freehold.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>disseisin</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Disseizor</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sei"zor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who wrongfully disseizes, or puts another out of possession of a freehold.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>disseisor</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Disseizoress</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sei"zor*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A woman disseizes.</def>

<h1>Disseizure</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sei"zure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disseizin.</def>

<i>Speed.</i>

<h1>Dissemblance</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sem"blance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dissemblance</ets>. See <er>Dissemble</er>.]</ety> <def>Want of resemblance; dissimilitude.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Osborne.</i>

<h1>Dissemblance</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sem"blance</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dissemble</ets> + <ets>-ance</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or art of dissembling; dissimulation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dissemble</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sem"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dissembled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dissembling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>dissembler</ets> to be dissimilar; pref. <ets>dis-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + F. <ets>sembler</ets> to seem, L. <ets>simulare</ets> to simulate; cf. L. <ets>dissimulare</ets> to dissemble. See <er>Simulate</er>, and cf. <er>Dissimulate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To hide under a false semblance or seeming; to feign (something) not to be what it really is; to put an untrue appearance upon; to disguise; to mask.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dissemble</b> all your griefs and discontents.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Perhaps it was right to <b>dissemble</b> your love,
But -- why did you kick me down stairs?
<i>J. P. Kemble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put on the semblance of; to make pretense of; to simulate; to feign.</def>

<blockquote>He soon <b>dissembled</b> a sleep.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To conceal; disguise; cloak; cover; equivocate. See <er>Conceal</er>.</syn>

<h1>Dissemble</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sem"ble</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To conceal the real fact, motives, <?/tention, or sentiments, under some pretense; to assume a false appearance; to act the hypocrite.</def>

<blockquote>He that hateth <b>dissembleth</b> with his lips.
<i>Prov. xxvi. 24.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He [an enemy] <b>dissembles</b> when he assumes an air of friendship.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dissembler</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sem"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dissembles; one who conceals his opinions or dispositions under a false appearance; a hypocrite.</def>

<blockquote>It is the weakest sort of politicians that are the greatest <b>dissemblers</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Priests, princes, women, no <b>dissemblers</b> here.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Dissembler</er>, <er>Hypocrite</er>.</syn>  <usage>A person is called a <i>dissembler</i> with reference to his concealment of his real character, and a <i>hypocrite</i> with reference to his assumption of a false character. But <i>hypocrite</i> is the stronger word, being commonly used to characterize a person who is habitually insincere and false, especially one who makes professions of goodness when his aims are selfish and his life corrupt.</usage>

<h1>Dissembling</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sem"bling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That dissembles; hypocritical; false.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*sem"bling*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Disseminate</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sem"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disseminated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disseminating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>disseminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>disseminare</ets> to disseminate; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>seminare</ets> to sow, <ets>semen</ets> seed. See <er>Seminary</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To sow broadcast or as seed; to scatter for growth and propagation, like seed; to spread abroad; to diffuse; <as>as, principles, ideas, opinions, and errors are <ex>disseminated</ex> when they are spread abroad for propagation</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To spread or extend by dispersion.</def>

<blockquote>A nearly uniform and constant fire or heat <b>disseminated</b> throughout the body of the earth.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To spread; diffuse; propagate; circulate; disperse; scatter.</syn>

<h1>Disseminated</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sem"i*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Occurring in small portions scattered through some other substance.</def>

<h1>Dissemination</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sem`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disseminatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>diss\'82mination</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of disseminating, or the state of being disseminated; diffusion for propagation and permanence; a scattering or spreading abroad, as of ideas, beliefs, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The universal <b>dissemination</b> of those writings.
<i>Wayland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disseminative</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sem"i*na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to disseminate, or to become disseminated.</def>

<blockquote>The effect of heresy is, like the plague, infectious and <b>disseminative</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disseminator</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sem"i*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, disseminates, spreads, or propagates; <as>as, <ex>disseminators</ex> of disease</as>.</def>

<h1>Dissension</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sen"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissensio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dissension</ets>. See <er>Dissent</er>.]</ety> <def>Disagreement in opinion, usually of a violent character, producing warm debates or angry words; contention in words; partisan and contentious divisions; breach of friendship and union; strife; discord; quarrel.</def>

<blockquote>Paul and Barnabas had no small <b>dissension</b> and disputation with them.
<i>Acts xv. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Debates, <b>dissension</b>, uproars are thy joy.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A seditious person and raiser-up of <b>dissension</b> among the people.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dissensious</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sen"sious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disposed to discord; contentious; dissentious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Ascham</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*sen"sious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Dissent</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dissented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dissenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dissentire</ets>, <ets>dissentum</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>sentire</ets> to feel, think. See <er>Sense</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To differ in opinion; to be of unlike or contrary sentiment; to disagree; -- followed by <i>from</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The bill passed . . . without a <b>dissenting</b> voice.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Opinions in which multitudes of men <b>dissent</b> from us.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>To differ from an established church in regard to doctrines, rites, or government.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To differ; to be of a contrary nature.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Dissent</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sent"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of dissenting; difference of opinion; refusal to adopt something proposed; nonagreement, nonconcurrence, or disagreement.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>dissent</b> of no small number [of peers] is frequently recorded.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Separation from an established church, especially that of England; nonconformity.</def>

<blockquote>It is the dissidence of <b>dissent</b> and the protestantism of the Protestant religion.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Contrariety of nature; diversity in quality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>dissent</b> of the metals.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Disagreement; variance; difference; nonconcurrence; nonconformity.</syn>

<h1>Dissentaneous</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis`sen*ta"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissentaneus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disagreeing; contrary; differing; -- opposed to <i>consentaneous</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Dissentany</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis"sen*ta*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dissentaneous; inconsistent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Dissentation</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis`sen*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dissension.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Browne.</i>

<h1>Dissenter</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sent"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who dissents; one who differs in opinion, or declares his disagreement.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One who separates from the service and worship of an established church; especially, one who disputes the authority or tenets of the Church of England; a nonconformist.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dissenters</b> from the establishment of their several countries.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Robert Brown is said to have the first formal <b>dissenter</b>.
<i>Shipley.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; "The word is commonly applied only to Protestants. The Roman Catholics are generally referred to as a distinct class."</note>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Dissenterism</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sent"er*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The spirit or principles of dissenters.</def>

<i>Ed. Rev.</i>

<h1>Dissentiate</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sen"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To throw into a state of dissent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Dissentient</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sen"tient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissentiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>dissentire</ets>. See <er>Dissent</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Disagreeing; declaring dissent; dissenting.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dissents.</def></def2>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Dissentious</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sen"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marked by dissensions; apt to breed discord; quarrelsome; contentious; factious.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*sen"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dissentive</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sent"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disagreeing; inconsistent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Dissepiment</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sep"i*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissaepimentum</ets>, fr. <ets>dissaepire</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>saepire</ets> to hedge in, inclose.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A separating tissue; a partition; a septum.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the partitions which divide a compound ovary into cells.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the transverse, calcareous partitions between the radiating septa of a coral.</def>

<h1>Dissert</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissertus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>disserere</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>serere</ets> to join, connect: cf. F. <ets>disserter</ets>. See <er>Series</er>.]</ety> <def>To discourse or dispute; to discuss.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>We have <b>disserted</b> upon it a little longer than was necessary.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dissertate</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis"ser*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissertatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dissertare</ets> to discuss, intents, fr. <ets>disserere</ets>. See <er>Dissert</er>.]</ety> <def>To deal in dissertation; to write dissertations; to discourse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Foster.</i>

<h1>Dissertation</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis`ser*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissertatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dissertation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A formal or elaborate argumentative discourse, oral or written; a disquisition; an essay; a discussion; <as>as, <ex>Dissertations</ex> on the Prophecies</as>.</def>

<h1>Dissertational</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis`ser*ta"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to dissertations; resembling a dissertation.</def>

<h1>Dissertationist</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis`ser*ta"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of dissertations.</def>

<h1>Dissertator</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis"ser*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>dissertateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who writers a dissertation; one who discourses.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Dissertly</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sert"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>See <er>Disertly</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disserve</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*serve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Di<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disserving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>serve</ets>: cf. F. <ets>desservir</ets>.]</ety> <def>To fail to serve; to do injury or mischief to; to damage; to hurt; to harm.</def>

<blockquote>Have neither served nor <b>disserved</b> the interests of any party.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disservice</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*serv"ice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>service</ets>: cf. F. <ets>desservice</ets>.]</ety> <def>Injury; mischief.</def>

<blockquote>We shall rather perform good offices unto truth than any <b>disservice</b> unto their relators.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disserviceable</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*serv"ice*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Calculated to do disservice or harm; not serviceable; injurious; harmful; unserviceable.</def> <i>Shaftesbury</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*serv"ice*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <i>Norris</i>. -- <wf>Dis*serv"ice*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dissettle</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*set"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To unsettle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dissettlement</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*set"tle*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of unsettling, or the state of being unsettled.</def>

<i>Marvell.</i>

<h1>Dissever</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sev"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dissevered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dissevering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>dessevrer</ets>; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + <ets>sevrer</ets> to sever, F. <ets>sevrer</ets> to wean, L. <ets>separate</ets> to separate. In this word the prefix is intensive. See <er>Dis-</er>, and <er>Sever</er>.]</ety> <def>To part in two; to sever thoroughly; to sunder; to disunite; to separate; to disperse.</def>

<blockquote>The storm so <b>dissevered</b> the company . . . that most of therm never met again.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>States <b>disserved</b>, discordant, belligerent.
<i>D. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dissever</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sev"er</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To part; to separate.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Disseverance</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sev"er*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>dessevrance</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of disserving; separation.</def>

<h1>Disseveration</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sev`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of disserving; disseverance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disseverment</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sev"er*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>dessevrement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disseverance.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Disshadow</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*shad"ow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To free from shadow or shade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>G. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Dissheathe</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sheathe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become unsheathed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Disship</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*ship"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dismiss from service on board ship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hakluyt.</i>

<h1>Disshiver</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*shiv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To shiver or break in pieces.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dissidence</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis"si*dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissidentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dissidence</ets>. See <er>Dissident</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Disagreement; dissent; separation from the established religion.</def>

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>It is the <b>dissidence</b> of dissent.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dissident</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis"si*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissidens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>dissidere</ets> to sit apart, to disagree; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>sedere</ets> to sit: cf. F. <ets>dissident</ets>. See <er>Sit</er>.]</ety> <def>No agreeing; dissenting; discordant; different.</def>

<blockquote>Our life and manners be <b>dissident</b> from theirs.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dissident</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis"si*dent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One who disagrees or dissents; one who separates from the established religion.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>dissident</b>, habituated and taught to think of his dissidenc<?/ as a laudable and necessary opposition to ecclesiastical usurpation.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dissidently</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis"si*dent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dissident manner.</def>

<h1>Dissilience; 106, Dissiliency</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw><hw>Dis*sil"i*ence</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <hw>Dis*sil"i*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of leaping or starting asunder.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Dissilient</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sil"i*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissiliens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>dissilire</ets> to leap asunder: <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>salire</ets> to leap.]</ety> <def>Starting asunder; bursting and opening with an elastic force; dehiscing explosively; <as>as, a <ex>dissilient</ex> pericarp</as>.</def>

<h1>Dissilition</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis`si*li"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of bursting or springing apart.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Dissimilar</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sim"i*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>similar</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dissimilaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not similar; unlike; heterogeneous; <as>as, the tempers of men are as <ex>dissimilar</ex> as their features</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This part very <b>dissimilar</b> to any other.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dissimilarity</h1>
<Xpage=432>

<hw>Dis*sim`i*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of resemblance; unlikeness; dissimilitude; variety; <as>as, the <ex>dissimilarity</ex> of human faces and forms</as>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Jones.</i>

<h1>Dissimilarly</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sim"i*lar*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dissimilar manner; in a varied style.</def>

<blockquote>With verdant shrubs <b>dissimilarly</b> gay.
<i>C. Smart.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dissimilate</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sim"i*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render dissimilar.</def>

<h1>Dissimilation</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sim`i*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of making dissimilar.</def>

<i>H. Sweet.</i>

<h1>Dissimile</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sim"i*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissimile</ets>, neut. <?/<?/ <ets>dissimilis</ets> unlike.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Comparison or illustration by contraries.</def>

<h1>Dissimilitude</h1>
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<hw>Dis`si*mil"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissimilitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>dissimilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dissimilitude</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of resemblance; unlikeness; dissimilarity.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dissimilitude</b> between the Divinity and images.
<i>Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A comparison by contrast; a dissimile.</def>

<h1>Dissimulate</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sim"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissimulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dissimulare</ets>. See <er>Dissemble</er>.]</ety> <def>Feigning; simulating; pretending.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Henryson.</i>

<h1>Dissimulate</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sim"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To dissemble; to feign; to pretend.</def>

<h1>Dissimulation</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sim`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissimulatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dissimulation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of dissembling; a hiding under a false appearance; concealment by feigning; false pretension; hypocrisy.</def>

<blockquote>Let love be without <b>dissimulation</b>.
<i>Rom. xii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Dissimulation</b> . . . when a man lets fall signs and arguments that he is not that he is.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Simulation is a pretense of what is not, and <b>dissimulation</b> a concealment of what is.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dissimulator</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sim"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who dissimulates; a dissembler.</def>

<h1>Dissimule</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sim"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>dissimuler</ets>. See <er>Dissimulate</er>.]</ety> <def>To dissemble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dissimuler</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sim"u*ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dissembler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dissimulour</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sim"u*lour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>dissimuleur</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dissembler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dissipable</h1>
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<hw>Dis"si*pa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissipabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being scattered or dissipated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The heat of those plants is very <b>dissipable</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="433">
Page 433<p>

<h1>Dissipate</h1>
<Xpage=433>

<hw>Dis"si*pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dissipated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dissipating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dissipatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dissipare</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + an obsolete verb <ets>sipare</ets>, <ets>supare</ets>. to throw.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To scatter completely; to disperse and cause to disappear; -- used esp. of the dispersion of things that can never again be collected or restored.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dissipated</b> those foggy mists of error.
<i>Selden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I soon <b>dissipated</b> his fears.
<i>Cook.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The extreme tendency of civilization is to <b>dissipate</b> all intellectual energy.
<i>Hazlitt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To destroy by wasteful extravagance or lavish use; to squander.</def>

<blockquote>The vast wealth . . . was in three years <b>dissipated</b>.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To disperse; scatter; dispel; spend; squander; waste; consume; lavish.</syn>

<h1>Dissipate</h1>
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<hw>Dis"si*pate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To separate into parts and disappear; to waste away; to scatter; to disperse; to vanish; <as>as, a fog or cloud gradually <ex>dissipates</ex> before the rays or heat of the sun; the heat of a body <ex>dissipates</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be extravagant, wasteful, or dissolute in the pursuit of pleasure; to engage in dissipation.</def>

<h1>Dissipated</h1>
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<hw>Dis"si*pa`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Squandered; scattered.</def> "<i>Dissipated</i> wealth."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wasteful of health, money, etc., in the pursuit of pleasure; dissolute; intemperate.</def>

<blockquote>A life irregular and <b>dissipated</b>.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dissipation</h1>
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<hw>Dis`si*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissipatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dissipation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of dissipating or dispersing; a state of dispersion or separation; dispersion; waste.</def>

<blockquote>Without loss or <b>dissipation</b> of the matter.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The famous <b>dissipation</b> of mankind.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dissolute course of life, in which health, money, etc., are squandered in pursuit of pleasure; profuseness in vicious indulgence, as late hours, riotous living, etc.; dissoluteness.</def>

<blockquote>To reclaim the spendthrift from his <b>dissipation</b> and extravagance.
<i>P. Henry.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A trifle which wastes time or distracts attention.</def>

<blockquote>Prevented from finishing them [the letters] a thousand avocations and <b>dissipations</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Dissipation of energy</col>. <cd>Same as <i>Degradation of energy<i>, under <er>Degradation</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dissipative</h1>
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<hw>Dis"si*pa*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to dissipate.</def>

<cs><col>Dissipative system</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>an assumed system of matter and motions in which forces of friction and resistances of other kinds are introduced without regard to the heat or other molecular actions which they generate; -- opposed to <i>conservative system<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dissipativity</h1>
<Xpage=433>

<hw>Dis`si*pa*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The rate at which palpable energy is dissipated away into other forms of energy.</def>

<h1>Dissite</h1>
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<hw>Dis"site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissitus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lying apart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lands far <b>dissite</b> and remote asunder.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disslander</h1>
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<hw>Dis*slan"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> (intens.) + <ets>slander</ets>.]</ety> <def>To slander.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Legend of Dido.</i>

<h1>Disslander</h1>
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<hw>Dis*slan"der</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Slander.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<h1>Disslanderous</h1>
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<hw>Dis*slan"der*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Slanderous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dissociability</h1>
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<hw>Dis*so`cia*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of sociability; unsociableness.</def>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Dissociable</h1>
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<hw>Dis*so"cia*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissociabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>issociare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dissociable</ets>. See <er>Dissociate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not <?/ell associated or assorted; incongruous.</def>

<blockquote>They came in two and two, though matched in the most <b>dissociable</b> manner.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a tendency to dissolve social connections; unsuitable to society; unsociable.</def>

<h1>Dissocial</h1>
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<hw>Dis*so"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>social</ets>: cf. L. <ets>dissocialis</ets>. See <er>Dissociate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Unfriendly to society; contracted; selfish; <as>as, <ex>dissocial</ex> feelings</as>.</def>

<h1>Dissocialize</h1>
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<hw>Dis*so"cial*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render unsocial.</def>

<h1>Dissociate</h1>
<Xpage=433>

<hw>Dis*so"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dissociated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dissociating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dissociatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dissociare</ets> to dissociate; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>sociare</ets> to unite, associate, <ets>socius</ets> companion. See <er>Social</er>.]</ety> <def>To separate from fellowship or union; to disunite; to disjoin; <as>as, to <ex>dissociate</ex> the particles of a concrete substance</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Before Wyclif's death in 1384, John of Gaunt had openly <b>dissociated</b> himself from the reformer.
<i>A. W. Ward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dissociation</h1>
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<hw>Dis*so`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissociatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dissociation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of dissociating or disuniting; a state of separation; disunion.</def>

<blockquote>It will add infinitely <b>dissociation</b>, distraction, and confusion of these confederate republics.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The process by which a compound body breaks up into simpler constituents; -- said particularly of the action of heat on gaseous or volatile substances; <as>as, the <ex>dissociation</ex> of the sulphur molecules; the <ex>dissociation</ex> of ammonium chloride into hydrochloric acid and ammonia.</as></def>

<h1>Dissociative</h1>
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<hw>Dis*so"ci*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending or leading to dissociation.</def>

<h1>Dissolubility</h1>
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<hw>Dis`so*lu*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being dissoluble; capacity of being dissoluble; capacity of being dissolved by heat or moisture, and converted into a fluid.</def>

<h1>Dissoluble</h1>
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<hw>Dis"so*lu*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissolubilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dissoluble</ets>. See <er>Dissolve</er>, and cf. <er>Dissolvable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being dissolved; having its parts separable by heat or moisture; convertible into a fluid.</def>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being disunited.</def>

<h1>Dissolubleness</h1>
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<hw>Dis"so*lu*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being dissoluble; dissolubility.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Dissolute</h1>
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<hw>Dis"so*lute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissolutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dissolvere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dissolu</ets>. See <er>Dissolve</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>With nerves unstrung; weak.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Loosed from restraint; esp., loose in morals and conduct; recklessly abandoned to sensual pleasures; profligate; wanton; lewd; debauched.</def> "A wild and <i>dissolute</i> soldier."

<i>Motley.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Uncurbed; unbridled; disorderly; unrestrained; reckless; wild; wanton; vicious; lax; licentious; lewd; <?/akish; debauched; profligate.</syn>

<h1>Dissolutely</h1>
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<hw>Dis"so*lute*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dissolute manner.</def>

<h1>Dissoluteness</h1>
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<hw>Dis"so*lute*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or quality of being dissolute; looseness of morals and manners; addictedness to sinful pleasures; debauchery; dissipation.</def>

<blockquote>Chivalry had the vices of <b>dissoluteness</b>.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dissolution</h1>
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<hw>Dis`so*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dissolucioun</ets> dissoluteness, F. <ets>dissolution</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dissolutio</ets>, fr. <ets>dissolvere</ets>. See <er>Dissolve</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of dissolving, sundering, or separating into component parts; separation.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dissolutions</b> of ancient amities.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Change from a solid to a fluid state; solution by heat or moisture; liquefaction; melting.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Change of form by chemical agency; decomposition; resolution.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>dissolution</b> of the compound.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The dispersion of an assembly by terminating its sessions; the breaking up of a partnership.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dissolution</b> is the civil death of Parliament.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The extinction of life in the human body; separation of the soul from the body; death.</def>

<blockquote>We expected
Immediate <b>dissolution</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The state of being dissolved, or of undergoing liquefaction.</def>

<blockquote>A man of continual <b>dissolution</b> and thaw.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The new product formed by dissolving a body; a solution.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Destruction of anything by the separation of its parts; ruin.</def>

<blockquote>To make a present <b>dissolution</b> of the world.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Corruption of morals; dissipation; dissoluteness.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<h1>Dissolvability</h1>
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<hw>Dis*solv`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capacity of being dissolved; solubility.</def>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<h1>Dissolvable</h1>
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<hw>Dis*solv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Dissolve</er>, cf. <er>Dissoluble</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being dissolved, or separated into component parts; capable of being liquefied; soluble.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*solv"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Though everything which is compacted be in its own nature <b>dissolvable</b>.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Such things as are not <b>dissolvable</b> by the moisture of the tongue.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dissolvative</h1>
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<hw>Dis*solv"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Having the power to dissolve anything; solvent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Frampton.</i>

<h1>Dissolve</h1>
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<hw>Dis*solve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dissolved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dissolving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dissolvere</ets>, <ets>dissolutum</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>solvere</ets> to loose, free. See <er>Solve</er>, and cf. <er>Dissolute</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To separate into competent parts; to disorganize; to break up; hence, to bring to an end by separating the parts, sundering a relation, etc.; to terminate; to destroy; to deprive of force; <as>as, to <ex>dissolve</ex> a partnership; to <ex>dissolve</ex> Parliament.</as></def>

<blockquote>Lest his ungoverned rage <b>dissolve</b> the life.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To break the continuity of; to disconnect; to disunite; to sunder; to loosen; to undo; to separate.</def>

<blockquote>Nothing can <b>dissolve</b> us.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Down fell the duke, his joints <b>dissolved</b> asunder.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For one people to <b>dissolve</b> the political bands which have connected them with another.
<i>The Declaration of Independence.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To convert into a liquid by means of heat, moisture, etc.,; to melt; to liquefy; to soften.</def>

<blockquote>As if the world were all <b>dissolved</b> to tears.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To solve; to clear up; to resolve.</def> "<i>Dissolved</i> the mystery."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>Make interpretations and <b>dissolve</b> doubts.
<i>Dan. v. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To relax by pleasure; to make powerless.</def>

<blockquote>Angels <b>dissolved</b> in hallelujahs lie.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To annul; to rescind; to discharge or release; <as>as, to <ex>dissolve</ex> an injunction</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Adjourn</er>.</syn>

<h1>Dissolve</h1>
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<hw>Dis*solve"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To waste away; to be dissipated; to be decomposed or broken up.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To become fluid; to be melted; to be liquefied.</def>

<blockquote>A figure
Trenched in ice, which with an hour's heat
<b>Dissolves</b> to water, and doth lose his form.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fade away; to fall to nothing; to lose power.</def>

<blockquote>The charm <b>dissolves</b> apace.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dissolvent</h1>
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<hw>Dis*solv"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissolvens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>dissolvere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having power to dissolve power to dissolve a solid body; <as>as, the <ex>dissolvent</ex> juices of the stomach</as>.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Dissolvent</h1>
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<hw>Dis*solv"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which has the power of dissolving or melting other substances, esp. by mixture with them; a menstruum; a solvent.</def>

<blockquote>Melted in the crucible <b>dissolvents</b>.
<i>A. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The secret treaty of December acted as an immediate <b>dissolvent</b> to the truce.
<i>Mothley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy supposed capable of dissolving concretions in the body, such as calculi, tubercles, etc.</def>

<h1>Dissolver</h1>
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<hw>Dis*solv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, has power to dissolve or dissipate.</def>

<blockquote>Thou kind <b>dissolver</b> of encroaching care.
<i>Otway.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dissolving</h1>
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<hw>Dis*solv"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Melting; breaking up; vanishing.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*solv"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Dissolving view</col>, <cd>a picture which grows dim and is gradually replaced by another on the same field; -- an effect produced by magic lanterns.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dissonance</h1>
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<hw>Dis"so*nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissonantia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dissonance</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A mingling of discordant sounds; an inharmonious combination of sounds; discord.</def>

<blockquote>Filled the air with barbarous <b>dissonance</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Want of agreement; incongruity.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Dissonancy</h1>
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<hw>Dis"so*nan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Discord; dissonance.</def>

<h1>Dissonant</h1>
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<hw>Dis"so*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissonans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>dissonare</ets> to disagree in sound, be discordant; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>sonare</ets> to sound: cf. F. <ets>dissonant</ets>. See <er>Sonant</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Sounding harshly; discordant; unharmonious.</def>

<blockquote>With clamor of voices <b>dissonant</b> and loud.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disagreeing; incongruous; discrep<?/<?/<?/<?/, -- with <i>from</i> or <i>to</i>.</def> "Anything <i>dissonant</i> to truth."

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>What can be <b>dissonant</b> from reason and nature than that a man, naturally inclined to clemency, should show himself unkind and inhuman?
<i>Hakewill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disspirit</h1>
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<hw>Dis*spir"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Dispirit</er>.</def>

<h1>Dissuade</h1>
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<hw>Dis*suade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dissuaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dissuading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dissuadere</ets>, <ets>dissuasum</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>suadere</ets> to advise, persuade: cf. F. <ets>dissuader</ets>. See <er>Suasion</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To advise or exhort against; to try to persuade (one from a course).</def> <mark>[Obsolescent]</mark>

<blockquote>Mr. Burchell, on the contrary, <b>dissuaded</b> her with great ardor: and I stood neuter.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>War, therefore, open or concealed, alike
My voice <b>dissuades</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To divert by persuasion; to turn from a purpose by reasons or motives; -- with <i>from</i>; <as>as, I could not <ex>dissuade</ex> him from his purpose</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I have tried what is possible to <b>dissuade</b> him.
<i>Mad. D' Arblay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dissuader</h1>
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<hw>Dis*suad"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dissuades; a dehorter.</def>

<h1>Dissuasion</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sua"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dissuasio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dissuasion</ets>. See <er>Dissuade</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of dissuading; exhortation against a thing; dehortation.</def>

<blockquote>In spite of all the <b>dissuasions</b> of his friends.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A motive or consideration tending to dissuade; a dissuasive.</def>

<h1>Dissuasive</h1>
<Xpage=433>

<hw>Dis*sua"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to dissuade or divert from a measure or purpose; dehortatory; <as>as, <ex>dissuasive</ex> advice</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A dissuasive argument or counsel; dissuasion; dehortation.</def> <i>Prynne</i>.</def2> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*sua"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dissuasory</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sua"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dissuasive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>This virtuous and reasonable person, however, has ill luck in all his <b>dissuasories</b>.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dissunder</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sun"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dissundered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dissundering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> (intens) + <ets>sunder</ets>.]</ety> <def>To separate; to sunder; to destroy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Dissweeten</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sweet"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of sweetness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Richardson.</i>

<h1>Dissyllabic</h1>
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<hw>Dis`syl*lab"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dissyllabique</ets>. See <er>Dissylable</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of two syllab<?/<?/ only; <as>as, a <ex>dissyllabic</ex> foot in poetry</as>.</def>

<i>B. Jons<?/<?/<?/</i>

<h1>Dissyllabification</h1>
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<hw>Dis`syl*lab`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A formi<?/<?/ into two syllables.</def>

<h1>Dissyllabify</h1>
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<hw>Dis`syl*lab"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dissyllable</ets> + <ets>-fly</ets>.]</ety> <def>To form into two syllables.</def>

<i>Ogilvie.</i>

<h1>Dissyllabize</h1>
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<hw>Dis*syl"la*bize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form into two syllables; to dyssyllabify.</def>

<h1>Dissyllable</h1>
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<hw>Dis*syl"la*ble</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>dissyllabe</ets>, L. <ets>disyllabus</ets>, adj., of two syllables, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ syllable. See <er>Syllable</er>.]</ety> <def>A word of two syllables; <as>as, <ex>pa-per</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Dissymmetrical</h1>
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<hw>Dis`sym*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not having symmetry; asymmetrical; unsymmetrical.</def>

<h1>Dissymmetry</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sym"me*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>symmetry</ets>.]</ety> <def>Absence or defect of symmetry; asymmetry.</def>

<h1>Dissympathy</h1>
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<hw>Dis*sym"pa*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Lack of sympathy; want of interest; indifference.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Distad</h1>
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<hw>Dis"tad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dist</ets>al + L. <ets>ad</ets> toward.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Toward a distal part; on the distal side of; distally.</def>

<h1>Distaff</h1>
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<hw>Dis"taff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Distaffs</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <i>rarely</i> <plw>Distaves</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>distaf</ets>, <ets>dysestafe</ets>, AS. <ets>distaef</ets>; cf. LG. <ets>diesse</ets> the bunch of flax on a distaff, and E. <ets>dizen</ets>. See <er>Staff</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The staff for holding a bunch of flax, tow, or wool, from which the thread is drawn in spinning by hand.</def>

<blockquote>I will the <b>distaff</b> hold; come thou and spin.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Used as a symbol of the holder of a distaff; hence, a woman; women, collectively.</def>

<blockquote>His crown usurped, a <b>distaff</b> on the throne.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some say the crozier, some say the <b>distaff</b> was too busy.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The plural is regular, but <i>Distaves</i> occurs in Beaumont & Fletcher.</note>

<cs><col>Descent by distaff</col>, <cd>descent on the mother's side.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Distaff Day</col>, &or; <col>Distaff's Day</col></mcol>, <cd>the morrow of the Epiphany, that is, January 7, because working at the distaff was then resumed, after the Christmas festival; -- called also <altname>Rock Day</altname>, a distaff being called a <ets>rock<ets>.</cd></cs>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Distain</h1>
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<hw>Dis*tain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Distained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Distaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>desteinen</ets>, OF. <ets>desteindre</ets> to take away the color, F. <ets>d\'82teindre</ets>; pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + F. <ets>teindre</ets> to tinge, dye, L. <ets>tingere</ets>. See <er>Tinge</er>, and cf. <er>Stain</er>.]</ety> <def>To tinge with a different color from the natural or proper one; to stain; to discolor; to sully; to tarnish; to defile; -- used chiefly in poetry.</def> "<i>Distained</i> with dirt and blood."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>[She] hath . . . <b>distained</b> her honorable blood.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The worthiness of praise <b>distains</b> his worth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Distal</h1>
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<hw>Dis"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Distant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Remote from the point of attachment or origin; <as>as, the <ex>distal</ex> end of a bone or muscle</as></def>; -- opposed to <i>proximal</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to that which is distal; <as>as, the <ex>distal</ex> tuberosities of a bone</as>.</def>

<h1>Distally</h1>
<Xpage=433>

<hw>Dis"tal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Toward a distal part.</def>

<h1>Distance</h1>
<Xpage=433>

<hw>Dis"tance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>distance</ets>, L. <ets>distantia</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The space between two objects; the length of a line, especially the shortest line joining two points or things that are separate; measure of separation in place.</def>

<blockquote>Every particle attracts every other with a force . . . inversely proportioned to the square of the <b>distance</b>.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Remoteness of place; a remote place.</def>

<blockquote>Easily managed from a <b>distance</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>'T is <b>distance</b> lends enchantment to the view.
<i>T. Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[He] waits at <b>distance</b> till he hears from Cato.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="434">
Page 434<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Racing)</fld> <def>A space marked out in the last part of a race course.</def>

<blockquote>The horse that ran the whole field out of <b>distance</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In trotting matches under the rules of the American Association, the <i>distance</i> varies with the conditions of the race, being 80 yards in races of mile heaths, best two in three, and 150 yards in races of two-mile heats. At that distance from the winning post in placed the <i>distance post</i>. If any horse has not reached this distance post before the first horse in that heat has reached the winning post, such horse is <i>distanced</i>, and disqualified for cunning again during that race.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Relative space, between troops in ranks, measured from front to rear; -- contrasted with <i>interval</i>, which is measured from right to left.</def> "<i>Distance</i> between companies in close column is twelve yards."

<i>Farrow.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Space between two antagonists in fencing.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Painting)</fld> <def>The part of a picture which contains the representation of those objects which are the farthest away, esp. in a landscape.</def>

<note>&hand; In a picture, the <col>Middle distance</col> is the central portion between the <i>foreground</i> and the <i>distance</i> or the <i>extreme distance</i>. In a perspective drawing, the <col>Point of distance</col> is the point where the visual rays meet.</note>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Ideal disjunction; discrepancy; contrariety.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Length or interval of time; period, past or future, between two eras or events.</def>

<blockquote>Ten years' <b>distance</b> between one and the other.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The writings of Euclid at the <b>distance</b> of two thousand years.
<i>Playfair.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>The remoteness or reserve which respect requires; hence, respect; ceremoniousness.</def>

<blockquote>I hope your modesty
Will know what <b>distance</b> to the crown is due.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>'T is by respect and <b>distance</b> that authority is upheld.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>A withholding of intimacy; alienation; coldness; disagreement; variance; restraint; reserve.</def>

<blockquote>Setting them [factions] at <b>distance</b>, or at least distrust amongst themselves.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>On the part of Heaven,
Now alienated, <b>distance</b> and distaste.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Remoteness in succession or relation; <as>as, the <ex>distance</ex> between a descendant and his ancestor</as>.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The interval between two notes; <as>as, the <ex>distance</ex> of a fourth or seventh</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Angular distance</col>, <cd>the distance made at the eye by lines drawn from the eye to two objects.</cd> -- <col>Lunar distance</col>. <cd>See under <er>Lunar</er>.</cd> -- <col>North polar distance</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the distance on the heavens of a heavenly body from the north pole. It is the complement of the declination.</cd> -- <col>Zenith distance</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the arc on the heavens from a heavenly body to the zenith of the observer. It is the complement of the altitude.</cd> -- <col>To keep one's distance</col>, <cd>to stand aloof; to refrain from familiarity.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>If a man makes <b>keep my distance</b>, the comfort is he keeps his at the same time.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Distance</h1>
<Xpage=434>

<hw>Dis"tance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Distanced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Distancing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To place at a distance or remotely.</def>

<blockquote>I heard nothing thereof at Oxford, being then miles <b>distanced</b> thence.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to appear as if at a distance; to make seem remote.</def>

<blockquote>His peculiar art of <b>distancing</b> an object to aggrandize his space.
<i>H. Miller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To outstrip by as much as a distance (see <er>Distance</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3); to leave far behind; to surpass greatly.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>distanced</b> the most skillful of his contemporaries.
<i>Milner.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Distancy</h1>
<Xpage=434>

<hw>Dis"tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Distance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Distant</h1>
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<hw>Dis"tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>distans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>distare</ets> to stand apart, be separate or distant; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>stare</ets> to stand. See <er>Stand</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Separated; having an intervening space; at a distance; away.</def>

<blockquote>One board had two tenons, equally <b>distant</b>.
<i>Ex. xxxvi. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Diana's temple is not <b>distant</b> far.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Far separated; far off; not near; remote; -- in place, time, consanguinity, or connection; <as>as, <ex>distant</ex> times; <ex>distant</ex> relatives.</as></def>

<blockquote>The success of these <b>distant</b> enterprises.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Reserved or repelling in manners; cold; not cordial; somewhat haughty; <as>as, a <ex>distant</ex> manner</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He passed me with a <b>distant</b> bow.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Indistinct; faint; obscure, as from distance.</def>

<blockquote>Some <b>distant</b> knowledge.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>distant</b> glimpse.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Not conformable; discrepant; repugnant; <as>as, a practice so widely <ex>distant</ex> from Christianity</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Separate; far; remote; aloof; apart; asunder; slight; faint; indirect; indistinct.</syn>

<h1>Distantial</h1>
<Xpage=434>

<hw>Dis*tan"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Distant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>More <b>distantial</b> from the eye.
<i>W. Montagu.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Distantly</h1>
<Xpage=434>

<hw>Dis"tant*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>At a distance; remotely; with reserve.</def>

<h1>Distaste</h1>
<Xpage=434>

<hw>Dis*taste"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Aversion of the taste; dislike, as of food or drink; disrelish.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Discomfort; uneasiness.</def>

<blockquote>Prosperity is not without many fears and <b>distastes</b>, and adversity is not without comforts and hopes.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Alienation of affection; displeasure; anger.</def>

<blockquote>On the part of Heaven,
Now alienated, distance and <b>distaste</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Disrelish; disinclination; dislike; aversion; displeasure; dissatisfaction; disgust.</syn>

<h1>Distaste</h1>
<Xpage=434>

<hw>Dis*taste"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Distasted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Distasting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not to have relish or taste for; to disrelish; to loathe; to dislike.</def>

<blockquote>Although my will <b>distaste</b> what it elected.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To offend; to disgust; to displease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He thought in no policy to <b>distaste</b> the English or Irish by a course of reformation, but sought to please them.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deprive of taste or relish; to make unsavory or distasteful.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Distaste</h1>
<Xpage=434>

<hw>Dis*taste"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be distasteful; to taste ill or disagreeable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Dangerous conceits are, in their natures, poisons,
Which at the are scarce found to <b>distaste</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Distasteful</h1>
<Xpage=434>

<hw>Dis*taste"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Unpleasant or disgusting to the taste; nauseous; loathsome.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Offensive; displeasing to the feelings; disagreeable; <as>as, a <ex>distasteful</ex> truth</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Distasteful</b> answer, and sometimes unfriendly actions.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Manifesting distaste or dislike; repulsive.</def> "<i>Distasteful</i> looks."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Nauseous; unsavory; unpalatable; offensive; displeasing; dissatisfactory; disgusting.</syn>

- <wordforms><wf>Dis*taste"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis*taste"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Distasteive</h1>
<Xpage=434>

<hw>Dis*taste"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to excite distaste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>That which excites distaste or aversion.</def></def2> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Whitlock.</i>

<h1>Distasture</h1>
<Xpage=434>

<hw>Dis*tas"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something which excites distaste or disgust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Speed.</i>

<h1>Distemper</h1>
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<hw>Dis*tem"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Distempered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Distempering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>destemprer</ets>, <ets>destremper</ets>, to distemper, F. <ets>d\'82tremper</ets> to soak, soften, slake (lime); pref. <ets>des-</ets> (L. <ets>dis-</ets>) + OF. <ets>temprer</ets>, <ets>tremper</ets>, F. <ets>tremper</ets>, L. <ets>temperare</ets> to mingle in due proportion. See <er>Temper</er>, and cf. <er>Destemprer</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To temper or mix unduly; to make disproportionate; to change the due proportions of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When . . . the humors in his body ben <b>distempered</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To derange the functions of, whether bodily, mental, or spiritual; to disorder; to disease.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The imagination, when completely <b>distempered</b>, is the most incurable of all disordered faculties.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deprive of temper or moderation; to disturb; to ruffle; to make disaffected, ill-humored, or malignant.</def> "<i>Distempered</i> spirits."

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To intoxicate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The courtiers reeling,
And the duke himself, I dare not say <b>distempered</b>,
But kind, and in his tottering chair carousing.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>To mix (colors) in the way of distemper; <as>as, to <ex>distemper</ex> colors with size</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Distemper</h1>
<Xpage=434>

<hw>Dis*tem"per</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Distemper</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Destemprer</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An undue or unnatural temper, or disproportionate mixture of parts.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<note>&hand; This meaning and most of the following are to be referred to the Galenical doctrine of the four "humors" in man. See <er>Humor</er>. According to the old physicians, these humors, when unduly tempered, produce a disordered state of body and mind.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Severity of climate; extreme weather, whether hot or cold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Those countries . . . under the tropic, were of a <b>distemper</b> uninhabitable.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A morbid state of the animal system; indisposition; malady; disorder; -- at present chiefly applied to diseases of brutes; <as>as, a <ex>distemper</ex> in dogs; the horse <ex>distemper</ex>; the horn <ex>distemper</ex> in cattle.</as></def>

<blockquote>They heighten <b>distempers</b> to diseases.
<i>Suckling.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Morbid temper of the mind; undue predominance of a passion or appetite; mental derangement; bad temper; ill humor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Little faults proceeding on <b>distemper</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some frenzy <b>distemper</b> had got into his head.
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Political disorder; tumult.</def>

<i>Waller.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A preparation of opaque or body colors, in which the pigments are tempered or diluted with weak glue or size (cf. <er>Tempera</er>) instead of oil, usually for scene painting, or for walls and ceilings of rooms.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A painting done with this preparation.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Disease; disorder; sickness; illness; malady; indisposition; ailment. See <er>Disease</er>.</syn>

<h1>Distemperance</h1>
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<hw>Dis*tem"per*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Distemperature.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Distemperate</h1>
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<hw>Dis*tem"per*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>distemperatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Immoderate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Diseased; disordered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wodroephe.</i>

<h1>Distemperately</h1>
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<hw>Dis*tem"per*ate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Unduly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Distemperature</h1>
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<hw>Dis*tem"per*a*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bad temperature; intemperateness; excess of heat or cold, or of other qualities; <as>as, the <ex>distemperature</ex> of the air</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disorder; confusion.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Disorder of body; slight illness; distemper.</def>

<blockquote>A huge infectious troop
Of pale <b>distemperatures</b> and foes to life.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Perturbation of mind; mental uneasiness.</def>

<blockquote>Sprinkled a little patience on the heat of his <b>distemperature</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Distemperment</h1>
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<hw>Dis*tem"per*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Distempered state; distemperature.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Distend</h1>
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<hw>Dis*tend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Distended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Distending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>distendere</ets>, <ets>distentum</ets>, <ets>distensum</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>tendere</ets> to stretch, stretch out: cf. F. <ets>distendre</ets> to distend, <ets>d\'82tendre</ets> to unbend. See <er>Tend</er>, and cf. <er>Detent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To extend in some one direction; to lengthen out; to stretch.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>But say, what mean those colored streaks in heaven
<b>Distended</b> as the brow of God appeased?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stretch out or extend in all directions; to dilate; to enlarge, as by elasticity of parts; to inflate so as to produce tension; to cause to swell; <as>as, to <ex>distend</ex> a bladder, the stomach, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>The warmth <b>distends</b> the chinks.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To dilate; expand; enlarge; swell; inflate.</syn>

<h1>Distend</h1>
<Xpage=434>

<hw>Dis*tend"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become expanded or inflated; to swell.</def> "His heart <i>distends</i> with pride."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Distensibility</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ten`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or capacity of being distensible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Distensible</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ten"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being distended or dilated.</def>

<h1>Distension</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ten"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Distention</er>.</def>

<h1>Distensive</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ten"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Distending, or capable of being distended.</def>

<h1>Distent</h1>
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<hw>Dis*tent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>distentus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Distend</er>.]</ety> <def>Distended.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Distent</h1>
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<hw>Dis*tent"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Breadth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Distention</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ten"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>distentio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>distension</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of distending; the act of stretching in breadth or in all directions; the state of being Distended; <as>as, the <ex>distention</ex> of the lungs</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Breadth; extent or space occupied by the thing distended.</def>

<h1>Dister</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ter"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>terra</ets> earth, country; cf. Sp. & Pg. <ets>desterrar</ets>.]</ety> <def>To banish or drive from a country.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Disterminate</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ter"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disterminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>disterminare</ets> to limit. See <er>Terminate</er>.]</ety> <def>Separated by bounds.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Distermination</h1>
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<hw>Dis*ter`mi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disterminatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Separation by bounds.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Disthene</h1>
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<hw>Dis"thene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ force: cf. F. <ets>disth\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Cyanite or kyanite; -- so called in allusion to its unequal hardness in two different directions. See <er>Cyanite</er>.</def>

<h1>Disthrone</h1>
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<hw>Dis*throne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>throne</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>desthroner</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82troner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To dethrone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disthronize</h1>
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<hw>Dis*thron"ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dethrone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Distich</h1>
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<hw>Dis"tich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>distichon</ets>, Gr. <?/, neut. of <?/ with two rows, of two verses; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ row, verse, fr. <?/ to ascend; akin to AS. <ets>st\'c6gan</ets> to ascend: cf. F. <ets>distique</ets>. See <er>Stirrup</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A couple of verses or poetic lines making complete sense; an epigram of two verses.</def>

<h1>Distich, Distichous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dis"tich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dis"tich*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Distich</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Disposed in two vertical rows; two-ranked.</def>

<h1>Distichously</h1>
<Xpage=434>

<hw>Dis"tich*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a distichous manner.</def>

<h1>Distil</h1>
<Xpage=434>

<hw>Dis*til"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Distill</er>.</def>

<h1>Distill</h1>
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<hw>Dis*till"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Distilled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Distilling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>distiller</ets>, from L. <ets>destillare</ets>, <ets>destillatum</ets>; <ets>de</ets> + <ets>stillare</ets> to drop, <ets>stilla</ets> a drop, prob. fr. <ets>stiria</ets> frozen drop, icicle; prob. akin to <ets>stare</ets>, E. <ets>stand</ets>. Cf. <er>Still</er>, <tt>n. & v</tt>., <er>Instill</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>distil</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To drop; to fall in drops; to trickle.</def>

<blockquote>Soft showers <b>distilled</b>, and suns grew warm in vain.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To flow gently, or in a small stream.</def>

<blockquote>The Euphrates <b>distilleth</b> out of the mountains of Armenia.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To practice the art of distillation.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Distill</h1>
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<hw>Dis*till"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To let fall or send down in drops.</def>

<blockquote>Or o'er the glebe <b>distill</b> the kindly rain.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The dew which on the tender grass
The evening had <b>distilled</b>.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To obtain by distillation; to extract by distillation, as spirits, essential oil, etc.; to rectify; <as>as, to <ex>distill</ex> brandy from wine; to <ex>distill</ex> alcoholic spirits from grain; to <ex>distill</ex> essential oils from flowers, etc.; to <ex>distill</ex> fresh water from sea water.</as></def> "<i>Distilling</i> odors on me."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To subject to distillation; <as>as, to <ex>distill</ex> molasses in making rum; to <ex>distill</ex> barley, rye, corn, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To dissolve or melt.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Swords by the lightning's subtle force <b>distilled</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Distillable</h1>
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<hw>Dis*till"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Capable of being distilled; especially, capable of being distilled without chemical change or decomposition; <as>as, alcohol is <ex>distillable</ex>; olive oil is not <ex>distillable</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Distillate</h1>
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<hw>Dis*till"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The product of distillation; <as>as, the <ex>distillate</ex> from molasses</as>.</def>

<h1>Distillation</h1>
<Xpage=434>

<hw>Dis`til*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>distillation</ets>, L. <ets>destillatio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of falling in drops, or the act of pouring out in drops.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which falls in drops.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The separation of the volatile parts of a substance from the more fixed; specifically, the operation of driving off gas or vapor from volatile liquids or solids, by heat in a retort or still, and the condensation of the products as far as possible by a cool receiver, alembic, or condenser; rectification; vaporization; condensation; <as>as, the <ex>distillation</ex> of illuminating gas and coal, of alcohol from sour mash, or of boric acid in steam</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The evaporation of water, its condensation into clouds, and its precipitation as rain, dew, frost, snow, or hail, is an illustration of natural <i>distillation</i>.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The substance extracted by distilling.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Destructive distillation</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the distillation, especially of complex solid substances, so that the ultimate constituents are separated or evolved in new compounds, -- usually requiring a high degree of heat; as, the <i>destructive distillation<i> of soft coal or of wood.</cd> -- <col>Dry distillation</col>, <cd>the distillation of substances by themselves, or without the addition of water or of other volatile solvent; as, the <i>dry distillation<i> of citric acid.</cd> -- <col>Fractional distillation</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Fractional</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Distillatory</h1>
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<hw>Dis*til"la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>distillatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or used in, distilling; <as>as, <ex>distillatory</ex> vessels</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A distillatory apparatus; a still.</def></def2>

<h1>Distiller</h1>
<Xpage=434>

<hw>Dis*till"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who distills; esp., one who extracts alcoholic liquors by distillation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The condenser of a distilling apparatus.</def>

<h1>Distillery</h1>
<Xpage=434>

<hw>Dis*till"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Distilleries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>distillerie</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The building and works where distilling, esp. of alcoholic liquors, is carried on.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of distilling spirits.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Todd.</i>

<h1>Distillment</h1>
<Xpage=434>

<hw>Dis*till"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Distillation; the substance obtained by distillation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Distinct</h1>
<Xpage=434>

<hw>Dis*tinct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>distinctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>distinguere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>distinct</ets>. See <er>Distinguish</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Distinguished; having the difference marked; separated by a visible sign; marked out; specified.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Wherever thus created -- for no place
Is yet <b>distinct</b> by name.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Marked; variegated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The which [place] was dight
With divers flowers <b>distinct</b> with rare delight.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="435">
Page 435<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Separate in place; not conjunct; not united by growth or otherwise; -- with <i>from</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The intention was that the two armies which marched out together should afterward be <b>distinct</b>.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not identical; different; individual.</def>

<blockquote>To offend, and judge, are <b>distinct</b> offices.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>So separated as not to be confounded with any other thing; not liable to be misunderstood; not confused; well-defined; clear; <as>as, we have a <ex>distinct</ex> or indistinct view of a prospect</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Relation more particular and <b>distinct</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Separate; unconnected; disjoined; different; clear; plain; conspicuous; obvious.</syn>

<h1>Distinct</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tinct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To distinguish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Distinction</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tinc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>distinctio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>distinction</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A marking off by visible signs; separation into parts; division.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>distinction</b> of tragedy into acts was not known.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of distinguishing or denoting the differences between objects, or the qualities by which one is known from others; exercise of discernment; discrimination.</def>

<blockquote>To take away therefore that error, which confusion breedeth, <b>distinction</b> is requisite.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which distinguishes one thing from another; distinguishing quality; sharply defined difference; <as>as, the <ex>distinction</ex> between real and apparent good</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>distinction</b> betwixt the animal kingdom and the inferior parts of matter.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Estimation of difference; regard to differences or distinguishing circumstance.</def>

<blockquote>Maids, women, wives, without <b>distinction</b>, fall.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Conspicuous station; eminence; superiority; honorable estimation; <as>as, a man of <ex>distinction</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Your country's own means of <b>distinction</b> and defense.
<i>D. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Difference; variation, variety; contrast; diversity; contrariety; disagreement; discrimination; preference; superiority; rank; note; eminence.</syn>

<h1>Distinctive</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tinc"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>distinctif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Marking or expressing distinction or difference; distinguishing; characteristic; peculiar.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>distinctive</b> character and institutions of New England.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the power to distinguish and discern; discriminating.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Distinctively</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tinc"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With distinction; plainly.</def>

<h1>Distinctiveness</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tinc"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being distinctive.</def>

<h1>Distinctly</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tinct"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With distinctness; not confusedly; without the blending of one part or thing another; clearly; plainly; <as>as, to see <ex>distinctly</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With meaning; significantly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou dost snore <b>distinctly</b>;
There's meaning in thy snores.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Separately; clearly; plainly; obviously.</syn>

<h1>Distinctness</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tinct"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being distinct; a separation or difference that prevents confusion of parts or things.</def>

<blockquote>The soul's . . . <b>distinctness</b> from the body.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Nice discrimination; hence, clearness; precision; <as>as, he stated his arguments with great <ex>distinctness</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Plainness; clearness; precision; perspicuity.</syn>

<h1>Distincture</h1>
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<hw>Dis*tinc"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Distinctness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Distinguish</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tin"guish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Distinguished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Distinguishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>distinguer</ets>, L. <ets>distinguere</ets>, <ets>distinctum</ets>; <ets>di- = dis-</ets> + <ets>stinguere</ets> to quench, extinguish; prob. orig., to prick, and so akin to G. <ets>stechen</ets>, E. <ets>stick</ets>, and perh. <ets>sting</ets>. Cf. <er>Extinguish</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not set apart from others by visible marks; to make distinctive or discernible by exhibiting differences; to mark off by some characteristic.</def>

<blockquote>Not more <b>distinguished</b> by her purple vest,
Than by the charming features of her face.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Milton has <b>distinguished</b> the sweetbrier and the eglantine.
<i>Nares.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To separate by definition of terms or logical division of a subject with regard to difference; <as>as, to <ex>distinguish</ex> sounds into high and low</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Moses <b>distinguished</b> the causes of the flood into those that belong to the heavens, and those that belong to the earth.
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To recognize or discern by marks, signs, or characteristic quality or qualities; to know and discriminate (anything) from other things with which it might be confounded; <as>as, to <ex>distinguish</ex> the sound of a drum</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We are enabled to <b>distinguish</b> good from evil, as well as truth from falsehood.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor more can you <b>distinguish</b> of a man,
Than of his outward show.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To constitute a difference; to make to differ.</def>

<blockquote>Who <b>distinguisheth</b> thee?
<i>1 Cor. iv. 7. (Douay version).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To separate from others by a mark of honor; to make eminent or known; to confer distinction upon; -- with <i>by</i> or <i>for</i>.</def>"To <i>distinguish</i> themselves by means never tried before."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To mark; discriminate; differentiate; characterize; discern; perceive; signalize; honor; glorify.</syn>

<h1>Distinguish</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tin"guish</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make distinctions; to perceive the difference; to exercise discrimination; -- with <i>between</i>; <as>as, a judge <ex>distinguishes</ex> between cases apparently similar, but differing in principle</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To become distinguished or distinctive; to make one's self or itself discernible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The little embryo . . . first <b>distinguishes</b> into a little knot.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Distinguishable</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tin"guish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being distinguished; separable; divisible; discernible; capable of recognition; <as>as, a tree at a distance is <ex>distinguishable</ex> from a shrub</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A simple idea being in itself uncompounded . . . is not <b>distinguishable</b> into different ideas.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Worthy of note or special regard.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Distinguishableness</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tin"guish*a*ble*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being distinguishable.</def>

<h1>Distinguishably</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tin"guish*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to be distinguished.</def>

<h1>Distinguished</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tin"guished</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Marked; special.</def>

<blockquote>The most <b>distinguished</b> politeness.
<i>Mad. D' Arblay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Separated from others by distinct difference; having, or indicating, superiority; eminent or known; illustrious; -- applied to persons and deeds.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Marked; noted; famous; conspicuous; celebrated; transcendent; eminent; illustrious; extraordinary; prominent. -- <er>Distinguished</er>, <er>Eminent</er>, <er>Conspicuous</er>, <er>Celebrated</er>, <er>Illustrious</er>. A man is <i>eminent</i>, when he stands high as compared with those around him; <i>conspicuous</i>, when he is so elevated as to be seen and observed; <i>distinguished</i>, when he has something which makes him stand apart from others in the public view; <i>celebrated</i>, when he is widely spoken of with honor and respect; <i>illustrious</i>, when a splendor is thrown around him which confers the highest dignity.</syn>

<h1>Distinguishedly</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tin"guish*ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a distinguished manner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Distinguisher</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tin"guish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, distinguishes or separates one thing from another by marks of diversity.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who discerns accurately the difference of things; a nice or judicious observer.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Distinguishing</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tin"guish*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Constituting difference, or distinction from everything else; distinctive; peculiar; characteristic.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>distinguishing</b> doctrines of our holy religion.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Distinguishing pennant</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a special pennant by which any particular vessel in a fleet is recognized and signaled.</cd></cs>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Distinguishingly</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tin"guish*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With distinction; with some mark of preference.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Distinguishment</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tin"guish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Observation of difference; distinction.</def>

<i>Graunt.</i>

<h1>Distitle</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*ti"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of title or right.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Distoma</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis"to*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of parasitic, trematode worms, having two suckers for attaching themselves to the part they infest. See 1st <er>Fluke</er>, <p><b>2.</b></def>

<h1>Distort</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tort"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>distortus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>distorquere</ets> to twist, distort; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>torquere</ets> to twist. See <er>Torsion</er>.]</ety> <def>Distorted; misshapen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Her face was ugly and her mouth <b>distort</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Distort</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tort"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Distorted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Distorting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To twist of natural or regular shape; to twist aside physically; <as>as, to <ex>distort</ex> the limbs, or the body</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whose face was <b>distorted</b> with pain.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To force or put out of the true posture or direction; to twist aside mentally or morally.</def>

<blockquote>Wrath and malice, envy and revenge, do darken and <b>distort</b> the understandings of men.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To wrest from the true meaning; to pervert; <as>as, to <ex>distort</ex> passages of Scripture, or their meaning</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To twist; wrest; deform; pervert.</syn>

<h1>Distorter</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tort"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, distorts.</def>

<h1>Distortion</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tor"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>distortio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>distortion</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of distorting, or twisting out of natural or regular shape; a twisting or writhing motion; <as>as, the <ex>distortions</ex> of the face or body</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wresting from the true meaning.</def>

<i>Bp. Wren.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of being distorted, or twisted out of shape or out of true position; crookedness; perversion.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An unnatural deviation of shape or position of any part of the body producing visible deformity.</def>

<h1>Distortive</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tort"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing distortion.</def>

<h1>Distract</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tract"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>distractus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>distrahere</ets> to draw asunder; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>trahere</ets> to draw. See <er>Trace</er>, and cf. <er>Distraught</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Separated; drawn asunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Insane; mad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Distract</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tract"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Distracted</er>, old <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Distraught</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Distracting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw apart or away; to divide; to disjoin.</def>

<blockquote>A city . . . <b>distracted</b> from itself.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw (the sight, mind, or attention) in different directions; to perplex; to confuse; <as>as, to <ex>distract</ex> the eye; to <ex>distract</ex> the attention.</as></def>

<blockquote>Mixed metaphors . . . <b>distract</b> the imagination.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To agitate by conflicting passions, or by a variety of motives or of cares; to confound; to harass.</def>

<blockquote>Horror and doubt <b>distract</b>
His troubled thoughts.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To unsettle the reason of; to render insane; to craze; to madden; -- most frequently used in the participle, <i>distracted</i>.</def>

<blockquote>A poor mad soul; . . . poverty hath <b>distracted</b> her.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Distracted</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tract"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mentally disordered; unsettled; mad.</def>

<blockquote>My <b>distracted</b> mind.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Distractedly</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tract"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Disjointedly; madly.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Distractedness</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tract"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being distracted; distraction.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Distracter</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tract"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, distracts away.</def>

<h1>Distractful</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tract"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Distracting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Heywood.</i>

<h1>Distractible</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tract"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being drawn aside or distracted.</def>

<h1>Distractile</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tract"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Tending or serving to draw apart.</def>

<h1>Distracting</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tract"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending or serving to distract.</def>

<h1>Distraction</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*trac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>distractio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>distraction</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of distracting; a drawing apart; separation.</def>

<blockquote>To create <b>distractions</b> among us.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which diverts attention; a diversion.</def> "Domestic <i>distractions</i>."

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A diversity of direction; detachment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His power went out in such <b>distractions</b> as
Beguiled all species.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>State in which the attention is called in different ways; confusion; perplexity.</def>

<blockquote>That ye may attend upon the Lord without <b>distraction</b>.
<i>1 Cor. vii. 3<?/.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Confusion of affairs; tumult; disorder; <as>as, political <ex>distractions</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Never was known a night of such <b>distraction</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Agitation from violent emotions; perturbation of mind; despair.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>distraction</b> of the children, who saw both their parents together, would have melted the hardest heart.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Derangement of the mind; madness.</def>

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Perplexity; confusion; disturbance; disorder; dissension; tumult; derangement; madness; raving; franticness; furiousness.</syn>

<h1>Distractious</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*trac"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Distractive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Distractive</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*trac"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing perplexity; distracting.</def> "<i>Distractive</i> thoughts."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Distrain</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*train"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Distrained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Distraining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>destreinen</ets> to force, OF. <ets>destreindre</ets> to press, oppress, force, fr. L. <ets>distringere</ets>, <ets>districtum</ets>, to draw asunder, hinder, molest, LL., to punish severely; <ets>di-</ets> = <ets>stringere</ets> to draw tight, press together. See <er>Strain</er>, and cf. <er>Distress</er>, <er>District</er>, <er>Distraint</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To press heavily upon; to bear down upon with violence; hence, to constrain or compel; to bind; to distress, torment, or afflict.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Distrained</i> with chains."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rend; to tear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Neither guile nor force might it [a net] <b>distrain</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To seize, as a pledge or indemnification; to take possession of as security for nonpayment of rent, the reparation of an injury done, etc.; to take by distress; <as>as, to <ex>distrain</ex> goods for rent, or of an amercement</as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To subject to distress; to coerce; <as>as, to <ex>distrain</ex> a person by his goods and chattels</as>.</def>

<h1>Distrain</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*train"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To levy a distress.</def>

<blockquote>Upon whom I can <b>distrain</b> for debt.
<i>Camden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Distrainable</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*train"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being, or liable to be, distrained.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Distrainer</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*train"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Distrainor</er>.</def>

<h1>Distrainor</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*train"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who distrains; the party distraining goods or chattels.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Distraint</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*traint"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>destrainte</ets> distress, force.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act or proceeding of seizing personal property by distress.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Distrait</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis`trait"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Distract</er>.]</ety> <def>Absent-minded; lost in thought; abstracted.</def>

<h1>Distraught</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*traught"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>distract</ets>, <ets>distrauht</ets>. See <er>Distract</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Torn asunder; separated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "His greedy throat . . . <i>distraught</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Distracted; perplexed.</def> "<i>Distraught</i> twixt fear and pity."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>As if thou wert <b>distraught</b> and mad with terror.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To doubt betwixt our senses and our souls
Which are the most <b>distraught</b> and full of pain.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Distraughted</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*traught"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Distracted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Distream</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tream"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> (intens.) + <ets>stream</ets>.]</ety> <def>To flow.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Yet o'er that virtuous blush <b>distreams</b> a tear.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Distress</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tress"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>destresse</ets>, <ets>distresse</ets>, OF. <ets>destresse</ets>, <ets>destrece</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82tresse</ets>, OF. <ets>destrecier</ets> to distress, (assumed) LL. <ets>districtiare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>districtus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>distringere</ets>. See <er>Distrain</er>, and cf. <er>Stress</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Extreme pain or suffering; anguish of body or mind; <as>as, to suffer <ex>distress</ex> from the gout, or from the loss of friends</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Not fearing death nor shrinking for <b>distress</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which occasions suffering; painful situation; misfortune; affliction; misery.</def>

<blockquote>Affliction's sons are brothers in <b>distress</b>.
<i>Burns.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A state of danger or necessity; <as>as, a ship in <ex>distress</ex>, from leaking, loss of spars, want of provisions or water, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of distraining; the taking of a personal chattel out of the possession of a wrongdoer, by way of pledge for redress of an injury, or for the performance of a duty, as for nonpayment of rent or taxes, or for injury done by cattle, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The thing taken by distraining; that which is seized to procure satisfaction.</def>

<i>Bouvier. Kent. Burrill.</i>

<blockquote>If he were not paid, he would straight go and take a <b>distress</b> of goods and cattle.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>distress</b> thus taken must be proportioned to the thing distrained for.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Abuse of distress</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Abuse</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Affliction; suffering; pain; agony; misery; torment; anguish; grief; sorrow; calamity; misfortune; trouble; adversity. See <er>Affliction</er>.</syn>

<h1>Distress</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tress"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Distressed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Distressing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>destrecier</ets>. See <er>Distress</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause pain or anguish to; to pain; to oppress with calamity; to afflict; to harass; to make miserable.</def>

<blockquote>We are troubled on every side, yet not <b>distressed</b>.
<i>2 Cor. iv. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To compel by pain or suffering.</def>

<blockquote>Men who can neither be <b>distress</b>ed nor won into a sacrifice of duty.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To seize for debt; to distrain.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To pain; grieve; harass; trouble; perplex; afflict; worry; annoy.</syn>

<h1>Distressedness</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tress"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being distressed or greatly pained.</def>

<h1>Distressful</h1>
<Xpage=435>

<hw>Dis*tress"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of distress; causing, indicating, or attended with, distress; <as>as, a <ex>distressful</ex> situation</as>.</def> "Some <i>distressful</i> stroke." <i>Shak</i>. "<i>Distressful</i> cries." <i>Pope</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*tress"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<hr>
<page="436">
Page 436<p>

<h1>Distressing</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*tress"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing distress; painful; unpleasant.</def>

<h1>Distressing</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*tress"ing</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a distressing manner.</def>

<h1>Distributable</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*trib"u*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being distributed.</def>

<i>Sir W. Jones.</i>

<h1>Distributary</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*trib"u*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to distribute or be distributed; that distributes; distributive.</def>

<h1>Distribute</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*trib"ute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Distributed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Distributing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>distributus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>distribuere</ets> to divide, distribute; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>tribuere</ets> to assign, give, allot. See <er>Tribute</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To divide among several or many; to deal out; to apportion; to allot.</def>

<blockquote>She did <b>distribute</b> her goods to all them that were nearest of kindred.
<i>Judith xvi. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dispense; to administer; <as>as, to <ex>distribute</ex> justice</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To divide or separate, as into classes, orders, kinds, or species; to classify; to assort, as specimens, letters, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To separate (type which has been used) and return it to the proper boxes in the cases.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To spread (ink) evenly, as upon a roller or a table.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>To employ (a term) in its whole extent; to take as universal in one premise.</def>

<blockquote>A term is said to be <b>distributed</b> when it is taken universal, so as to stand for everything it is capable of being applied to.
<i>Whately.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To dispense; deal out; apportion; allot; share; assign; divide.</syn>

<h1>Distribute</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*trib"ute</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make distribution.</def>

<blockquote><b>Distributing</b> to the necessity of saints.
<i>Rom. xii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Distributer</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*trib"u*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, distributes or deals out anything; a dispenser.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Distributing</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*trib"u*ting</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That distributes; dealing out.</def>

<cs><col>Distributing past office</col>, <cd>an office where the mails for a large district are collected to be assorted according to their destination and forwarded.</cd></cs>

<h1>Distribution</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis`tri*bu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>distributio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>distribution</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of distributing or dispensing; the act of dividing or apportioning among several or many; apportionment; <as>as, the <ex>distribution</ex> of an estate among heirs or children</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The phenomena of geological <b>distribution</b> are exactly analogous to those of geography.
<i>A. R. Wallace.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Separation into parts or classes; arrangement of anything into parts; disposition; classification.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is distributed.</def> "Our charitable <i>distributions</i>."

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A resolving a whole into its parts.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The sorting of types and placing them in their proper boxes in the cases.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>The steps or operations by which steam is supplied to and withdrawn from the cylinder at each stroke of the piston; viz., admission, suppression or cutting off, release or exhaust, and compression of exhaust steam prior to the next admission.</def>

<cs><col>Geographical distribution</col>, <cd>the natural arrangements of animals and plants in particular regions or districts.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Apportionments; allotment; dispensation; disposal; dispersion; classification; arrangement.</syn>

<h1>Distributional</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis`tri*bu"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to distribution.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Distributionist</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis`tri*bu"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A distributer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Distributive</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*trib"u*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>distributif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Tending to distribute; serving to divide and assign in portions; dealing to each his proper share.</def> "<i>Distributive</i> justice."

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Assigning the species of a general term.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Expressing separation; denoting a taking singly, not collectively; <as>as, a <ex>distributive</ex> adjective or pronoun</as>, such as <i>each</i>, <i>either</i>, <i>every</i>; a <ex>distributive</ex> numeral</as>, as (Latin) <i>bini</i> (two by two).</def>

<cs><col>Distributive operation</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>any operation which either consists of two or more parts, or works upon two or more things, and which is such that the result of the total operation is the same as the aggregated result of the two or more partial operations. Ordinary multiplication is <i>distributive<i>, since <mathex>a &times; (b + c) = ab + ac</mathex>, and <mathex>(a + b) &times; c = ac + bc</mathex>.</cd> -- <col>Distributive proportion</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Fellowship</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Distributive</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*trib"u*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A distributive adjective or pronoun; also, a distributive numeral.</def>

<h1>Distributively</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*trib"u*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By distribution; singly; not collectively; in a distributive manner.</def>

<h1>Distributiveness</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*trib"u*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being distributive.</def>

<h1>District</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis"trict</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>districtus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Rigorous; stringent; harsh.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Punishing with the rod of <b>district</b> severity.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>District</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis"trict</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>districtus</ets> district, fr. L. <ets>districtus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>distringere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>district</ets>. See <er>Distrain</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>The territory within which the lord has the power of coercing and punishing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A division of territory; a defined portion of a state, town, or city, etc., made for administrative, electoral, or other purposes; <as>as, a congressional <ex>district</ex>, judicial <ex>district</ex>, land <ex>district</ex>, school <ex>district</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>To exercise exclusive legislation . . . over such <b>district</b> not exceeding ten miles square.
<i>The Constitution of the United States.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any portion of territory of undefined extent; a region; a country; a tract.</def>

<blockquote>These <b>districts</b> which between the tropics lie.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Congressional district</col>. <cd>See under <er>Congressional</er>.</cd> -- <col>District attorney</col>, <cd>the prosecuting officer of a district or district court.</cd> -- <col>District court</col>, <cd>a subordinate municipal, state, or United States tribunal, having jurisdiction in certain cases within a judicial district.</cd> -- <col>District judge</col>, <cd>one who presides over a district court.</cd> -- <col>District school</col>, <cd>a public school for the children within a school district. <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Division; circuit; quarter; province; tract; region; country.</syn>

<h1>District</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis"trict</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Districted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Districting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To divide into districts or limited portions of territory; <as>as, legislatures <ex>district</ex> States for the choice of representatives</as>.</def>

<h1>Distriction</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*tric"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>districtio</ets> a stretching out.]</ety> <def>Sudden display; flash; glitter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A smile . . . breaks out with the brightest <b>distriction</b>.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Districtly</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis"trict*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Strictly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Distringas</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*trin"gas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., that you distrain, fr. <ets>distringere</ets>. See <er>Distrain</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ commanding the sheriff to distrain a person by his goods or chattels, to compel a compliance with something required of him.</def>

<h1>Distrouble</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*trou"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> (intens.) + <ets>trouble</ets>.]</ety> <def>To trouble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Distrust</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*trust"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Distrusted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Distrusting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Mistrust</er>.]</ety> <def>To feel absence of trust in; not to confide in or rely upon; to deem of questionable sufficiency or reality; to doubt; to be suspicious of; to mistrust.</def>

<blockquote>Not <b>distrusting</b> my health.
<i>2 Mac. ix. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>distrust</b> the justice of your cause.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He that requireth the oath doth <b>distrust</b> that other.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Of all afraid,
<b>Distrusting</b> all, a wise, suspicious maid.
<i>Collins.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Mistrust</i> has been almost wholly driven out by <i>distrust</i>.</note>

<i>T. L. K. Oliphant.</i>

<h1>Distrust</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*trust"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Doubt of sufficiency, reality, or sincerity; want of confidence, faith, or reliance; <as>as, <ex>distrust</ex> of one's power, authority, will, purposes, schemes, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suspicion of evil designs.</def>

<blockquote>Alienation and <b>distrust</b> . . . are the growth of false principles.
<i>D. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>State of being suspected; loss of trust.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Distruster</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*trust"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who distrusts.</def>

<h1>Distrustful</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*trust"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not confident; diffident; wanting confidence or thrust; modest; <as>as, <ex>distrustful</ex> of ourselves, of one's powers</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Distrustful</b> sense with modest caution speaks.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Apt to distrust; suspicious; mistrustful.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dis*trust"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dis*trust"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Distrusting</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*trust"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That distrusts; suspicious; lacking confidence in.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dis*trust"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Distrustless</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*trust"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from distrust.</def>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<h1>Distune</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*tune"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put out of tune.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disturb</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*turb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disturbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disturbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>desturben</ets>, <ets>destourben</ets>, OF. <ets>destorber</ets>, <ets>desturber</ets>, <ets>destourber</ets>, fr. L. <ets>disturbare</ets>, <ets>disturbatum</ets>; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>turbare</ets> to disturb, trouble, <ets>turba</ets> disorder, tumult, crowd. See <er>Turbid</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw into disorder or confusion; to derange; to interrupt the settled state of; to excite from a state of rest.</def>

<blockquote>Preparing to <b>disturb</b>
With all-cofounding war the realms above.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The bellow's noise <b>disturbed</b> his quiet rest.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The utmost which the discontented colonies could do, was to <b>disturb</b> authority.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To agitate the mind of; to deprive of tranquillity; to disquiet; to render uneasy; <as>as, a person is <ex>disturbed</ex> by receiving an insult, or his mind is <ex>disturbed</ex> by envy</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To turn from a regular or designed course.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And <b>disturb</b>
His inmost counsels from their destined aim.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To disorder; disquiet; agitate; discompose; molest; perplex; trouble; incommode; ruffle.</syn>

<h1>Disturb</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*turb"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disturbance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Disturbance</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*turb"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>destorbance</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An interruption of a state of peace or quiet; derangement of the regular course of things; disquiet; disorder; <as>as, a <ex>disturbance</ex> of religious exercises; a <ex>disturbance</ex> of the galvanic current.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Confusion of the mind; agitation of the feelings; perplexity; uneasiness.</def>

<blockquote>Any man . . . in a state of <b>disturbance</b> and irritation.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Violent agitation in the body politic; public commotion; tumult.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>disturbance</b> was made to support a general accusation against the province.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The hindering or disquieting of a person in the lawful and peaceable enjoyment of his right; the interruption of a right; <as>as, the <ex>disturbance</ex> of a franchise, of common, of ways, and the like</as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Tumult; brawl; commotion; turmoil; uproar; hubbub; disorder; derangement; confusion; agitation; perturbation; annoyance.</syn>

<h1>Disturbation</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis`tur*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>disturbatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of disturbing; disturbance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Disturber</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*turb"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>destorbeor</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, disturbs of disquiets; a violator of peace; a troubler.</def>

<blockquote>A needless <b>disturber</b> of the peace of God's church and an author of dissension.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who interrupts or incommodes another in the peaceable enjoyment of his right.</def>

<h1>Disturn</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*turn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>destourner</ets>, F. <ets>d\'82tourner</ets>. See <er>Detour</er>.]</ety> <def>To turn aside.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Distyle</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis"tyle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/  = <?/ twice + <?/ pillar: cf. F. <ets>distyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Having two columns in front; -- said of a temple, portico, or the like.</def>

<cs><col>Distyle in antis</col>, <cd>having columns between two ant\'91. See <er>Anta</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Disulphate</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Di*sul"phate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>sulphate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A salt of disulphuric or pyrosulphuric acid; a pyrosulphate.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An acid salt of sulphuric acid, having only one equivalent of base to two of the acid.</def>

<h1>Disulphide</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Di*sul"phide</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>sulphide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A binary compound of sulphur containing two atoms of sulphur in each molecule; -- formerly called <i>disulphuret</i>. Cf. <er>Bisulphide</er>.</def>

<h1>Disulphuret</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Di*sul"phu*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>sulphuret</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Disulphide</er>.</def>

<h1>Disulphuric</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Di`sul*phu"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>sulphuric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Applied to an acid having in each molecule two atoms of sulphur in the higher state of oxidation.</def>

<cs><col>Disulphuric acid</col>, <cd>a thick oily liquid, <chform>H2S2O7</chform>, called also <altname>Nordhausen acid</altname> (from <ets>Nordhausen<ets> in the Harts, where it was originally manufactured), <altname>fuming sulphuric acid</altname>, and especially <altname>pyrosulphuric acid</altname>. See under <er>Pyrosulphuric</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Disuniform</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*u"ni*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not uniform.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disunion</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*un"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>union</ets>: cf. F. <ets>d\'82sunion</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The termination of union; separation; disjunction; <as>as, the <ex>disunion</ex> of the body and the soul</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A breach of concord and its effect; alienation.</def>

<blockquote>Such a <b>disunion</b> between the two houses as might much clou<?/ the happiness of this kingdom.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The termination or disruption of the union of the States forming the United States.</def>

<blockquote>I have not accustomed myself to hang over the precipice of <b>disunion</b>.
<i>D. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disunionist</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*un"ion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An advocate of disunion, specifically, of disunion of the United States.</def>

<h1>Disunite</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis`u*nite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disunited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disuniting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To destroy the union of; to divide; to part; to sever; to disjoin; to sunder; to separate; <as>as, to <ex>disunite</ex> particles of matter</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To alienate in spirit; to break the concord of.</def>

<blockquote>Go on both in hand, O nations, never be <b>disunited</b>, be the praise . . . of all posterity!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disunite</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis`u*nite"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To part; to fall asunder; to become separated.</def>

<blockquote>The joints of the body politic do separate and <b>disunite</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disuniter</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis`u*nit"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, disjoins or causes disunion.</def>

<h1>Disunity</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*u"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of separation or disunion; want of unity.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Disusage</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*us"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Gradual cessation of use or custom; neglect of use; disuse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Disuse</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*use"</hw> <tt>(?; see <er>Dis-</er>)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Disused</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Disusing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cease to use; to discontinue the practice of.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To disaccustom; -- with <i>to</i> or <i>from</i>; <as>as, <ex>disused</ex> to toil</as>.</def> "<i>Disuse</i> me from . . . pain."

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Disuse</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*use"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cessation of use, practice, or exercise; inusitation; desuetude; <as>as, the limbs lose their strength by <ex>disuse</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>disuse</b> of the tongue in the only . . . remedy.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Church discipline then fell into <b>disuse</b>.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Disutilize</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*u"til*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of utility; to render useless.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Disvaluation</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*val`u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disesteem; depreciation; disrepute.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Disvalue</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*val"ue</hw> <tt>(?; see <er>Dis-</er>)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To undervalue; to depreciate.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Disvalue</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*val"ue</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disesteem; disregard.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Disvantageous</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis`van*ta"geous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>vantage</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disadvantageous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Disadvantageous</i> ground."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Disvelop</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*vel"op</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To develop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Disventure</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*ven"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A disadventure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Disvouch</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*vouch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To discredit; to contradict.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Diswarn</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*warn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dis-</ets> (intens.) + <ets>warn</ets>.]</ety> <def>To dissuade from by previous warning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Diswitted</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*wit"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deprived of wits or understanding; distracted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Diswont</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*wont"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of wonted usage; to disaccustom.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Disworkmanship</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*work"man*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bad workmanship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Heywood.</i>

<h1>Disworship</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*wor"ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To refuse to worship; to treat as unworthy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Disworship</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*wor"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A deprivation of honor; a cause of disgrace; a discredit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Disworth</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*worth"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of worth; to degrade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Disyoke</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dis*yoke"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To unyoke; to free from a yoke; to disjoin.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>R. Browning.</i>

<h1>Dit</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<er>Ditty</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A word; a decree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A ditty; a song.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dit</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dit</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>dyttan</ets>, akin to Icel. <ets>ditta</ets>.]</ety> <def>To close up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Ditation</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Di*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ditare</ets> to enrich, fr. <ets>dis</ets>, <ets>ditis</ets>, same as <ets>dives</ets>, rich.]</ety> <def>The act of making rich; enrichment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Ditch</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Ditch</hw> <tt>(?; 224)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ditches</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>dich</ets>, orig. the same word as <ets>dik</ets>. See <er>Dike</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A trench made in the earth by digging, particularly a trench for draining wet land, for guarding or fencing inclosures, or for preventing an approach to a town or fortress. In the latter sense, it is called also a <altname>moat</altname> or a <altname>fosse</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any long, narrow receptacle for water on the surface of the earth.</def>

<h1>Ditch</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Ditch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ditched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ditching</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To dig a ditch or ditches in; to drain by a ditch or ditches; <as>as, to <ex>ditch</ex> moist land</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To surround with a ditch.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To throw into a ditch; <as>as, the engine was <ex>ditched</ex> and turned on its side</as>.</def>

<h1>Ditch</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Ditch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To dig a ditch or ditches.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Ditcher</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Ditch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who digs ditches.</def>

<h1>Dite</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dight</er>.]</ety> <def>To prepare for action or use; to make ready; to dight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His hideous club aloft he <b>dites</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diterebene</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Di*ter"e*bene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>terebene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Colophene</er>.</def>

<h1>Dithecal, Dithecous</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw><hw>Di*the"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di*the"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>theca</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two thec\'91, cells, or compartments.</def>

<h1>Ditheism</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Di"the*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>theism</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dith\'82isme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of those who maintain the existence of two gods or of two original principles (as in Manicheism), one good and one evil; dualism.</def>

<h1>Ditheist</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw>Di"the*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who holds the doctrine of ditheism; a dualist.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Ditheistic, Ditheistical</h1>
<Xpage=436>

<hw><hw>Di`the*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di`the*is"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to ditheism; dualistic.</def>

<hr>
<page="437">
Page 437<p>

<h1>Dithionic</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di`thi*on"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>-thionic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Containing two equivalents of sulphur; <as>as, <ex>dithionic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Dithionic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an unstable substance, <chform>H2S2O6</chform>, known only in its solutions, and in certain well-defined salts.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dithyramb</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Dith"y*ramb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dithyrambus</ets>, Gr. <?/ a kind of lyric poetry in honor of Bacchus; also, a name of Bacchus; of unknown origin: cf. F. <ets>dithyrambe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of lyric poetry in honor of Bacchus, usually sung by a band of revelers to a flute accompaniment; hence, in general, a poem written in a wild irregular strain.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Dithyrambic</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Dith`y*ram"bic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dithyrambicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>dithyrambique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a dithyramb; wild and boisterous.</def> "<i>Dithyrambic</i> sallies." <i>Longfellow</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A dithyrambic poem; a dithyramb.</def></def2>

<h1>Dithyrambus</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Dith`y*ram"bus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See <er>Dithyramb</er>.</def>

<h1>Dition</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ditio</ets>, <ets>dicio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dition</ets>.]</ety> <def>Dominion; rule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Ditionary</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Under rule; subject; tributary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Ditionary</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di"tion*a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A subject; a tributary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Eden.</i>

<h1>Ditokous</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di"to*kous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ a bringing forth, offspring.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having two kinds of young, as certain annelids.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Producing only two eggs for a clutch, as certain birds do.</def>

<h1>Ditolyl</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di*tol"yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>tolyl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, aromatic hydrocarbon, <chform>C14H14</chform>, consisting of two radicals or residues of toluene.</def>

<h1>Ditone</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di"tone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of two tones; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ tone.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The Greek major third, which comprehend two major tones (the modern major third contains one major and one minor whole tone).</def>

<h1>Ditrichotomous</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di`tri*chot"o*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + <ets>trichotomous</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Divided into twos or threes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Dividing into double or treble ramifications; -- said of a leaf or stem.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<h1>Ditrochean</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di`tro*che"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Containing two trochees.</def>

<h1>Ditrochee</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di*tro"chee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ditrochaeus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ = <?/ twice + <?/ trochee.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A double trochee; a foot made up of two trochees.</def>

<h1>Ditroite</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Dit"ro*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from <ets>Ditro</ets> in Transylvania.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An igneous rock composed of orthoclase, el\'91olite, and sodalite.</def>

<h1>Ditt</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Ditt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Dit</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <p><b>2.</b></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Dittander</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Dit*tan"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dittany</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of peppergrass (<spn>Lepidium latifolium</spn>).</def>

<h1>Dittany</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Dit"ta*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dytane</ets>, <ets>detane</ets>, <ets>dytan</ets>, OF. <ets>ditain</ets>, F. <ets>dictame</ets>, L. <ets>dictamnum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ , <?/, a plant growing in abundance on Mount <ets>Dicte</ets> in Crete. Cf. <er>Dittander</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plant of the Mint family (<spn>Origanum Dictamnus</spn>), a native of Crete</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The <spn>Dictamnus Fraxinella</spn></def>. See <er>Dictamnus</er>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>In America, the <spn>Cunila Mariana</spn>, a fragrant herb of the Mint family.</def>

<h1>Dittied</h1>
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<hw>Dit"tied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Ditty</er>.]</ety> <def>Set, sung, or composed as a ditty; -- usually in composition.</def>

<blockquote>Who, with his soft pipe, and smooth-<b>dittied</b> song.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ditto</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Dit"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dittos</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It., <ets>detto</ets>, <ets>ditto</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dictum</ets>. See <er>Dictum</er>.]</ety> <def>The aforesaid thing; the same (as before). Often contracted to <i>do</i>., or to two "turned commas" ("), or small marks. Used in bills, books of account, tables of names, etc., to save repetition.</def>

<blockquote>A spacious table in the center, and a variety of smaller <b>dittos</b> in the corners.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ditto</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Dit"to</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>As before, or aforesaid; in the same manner; also.</def>

<h1>Dittology</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Dit*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. Attic form of <?/ repetition of words: <?/ twofold + <?/ to speak.]</ety> <def>A double reading, or twofold interpretation, as of a Scripture text.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ditty</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Dit"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ditties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>dite</ets>, OF. <ets>diti\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dictatum</ets>, p. p. neut. of <ets>dictare</ets> to say often, dictate, compose. See <er>Dictate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A saying or utterance; especially, one that is short and frequently repeated; a theme.</def>

<blockquote>O, too high <b>ditty</b> for my simple rhyme.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A song; a lay; a little poem intended to be sung.</def> "Religious, martial, or civil <i>ditties</i>."

<i>Milton.<
And to the warbling lute soft <b>ditties</b> sing.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ditty</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Dit"ty</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sing; to warble a little tune.</def>

<blockquote>Beasts fain would sing; birds <b>ditty</b> to their notes.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ditty-bag</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Dit"ty-bag`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sailor's small bag to hold thread, needles, tape, etc.; -- also called <i>sailor's housewife</i>.</def>

<h1>Ditty-box</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Dit"ty-box`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small box to hold a sailor's thread, needless, comb, etc.</def>

<h1>Diureide</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di*u"re*ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Di-</ets> + <ets>ureide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of complex nitrogenous substances regarded as containing two molecules of urea or their radicals, as uric acid or allantoin. Cf. <er>Ureide</er>.</def>

<h1>Diuresis</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di`u*re"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Diuretic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Free excretion of urine.</def>

<h1>Diuretic</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di`u*ret"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diureticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to make water; <?/ through + <?/ to make water, fr. <?/ urine: cf. F. <ets>diur\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Tending to increase the secretion and discharge of urine.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine with diuretic properties.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Diuretic salt</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>potassium acetate; -- so called because of its diuretic properties.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diuretical</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di`u*ret"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Diuretic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Diureticalness</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di`u*ret"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being diuretical; diuretic property.</def>

<h1>Diurna</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di*ur"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>diurnus</ets> belonging to the day.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Lepidoptera, including the butterflies; -- so called because they fly only in the daytime.</def>

<h1>Diurnal</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di*ur"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diurnalis</ets>, fr. <ets>dies</ets> day. See <er>Deity</er>, and cf. <er>Journal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to the daytime; belonging to the period of daylight, distinguished from the night; -- opposed to <ant>nocturnal</ant>; <as>as, <ex>diurnal</ex> heat; <ex>diurnal</ex> hours.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Daily; recurring every day; performed in a day; going through its changes in a day; constituting the measure of a day; <as>as, a <ex>diurnal</ex> fever; a <ex>diurnal</ex> task; <ex>diurnal</ex> aberration, or <ex>diurnal</ex> parallax; the <ex>diurnal</ex> revolution of the earth.</as></def>

<blockquote>Ere twice the horses of the sun shall bring
Their fiery torcher his <b>diurnal</b> ring.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Opening during the day, and closing at night; -- said of flowers or leaves.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Active by day; -- applied especially to the eagles and hawks among raptorial birds, and to butterflies (Diurna) among insects.</def>

<cs><col>Diurnal aberration</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the aberration of light arising from the effect of the earth's rotation upon the apparent direction of motion of light.</cd> -- <col>Diurnal arc</col>, <cd>the arc described by the sun during the daytime or while above the horizon; hence, the arc described by the moon or a star from rising to setting.</cd> -- <col>Diurnal circle</col>, <cd>the apparent circle described by a celestial body in consequence of the earth's rotation.</cd> -- <col>Diurnal motion of the earth</col>, <cd>the motion of the earth upon its axis which is described in twentyfour hours.</cd> -- <col>Diurnal motion of a heavenly body</col>, <cd>that apparent motion of the heavenly body which is due to the earth's diurnal motion.</cd> -- <col>Diurnal parallax</col>. <cd>See under <er>Parallax</er>.</cd> -- <col>Diurnal revolution of a planet</col>, <cd>the motion of the planet upon its own axis which constitutes one complete revolution.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Daily</er>.</syn>

<h1>Diurnal</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di*ur"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>diurnal</ets> a prayerbook. See <er>Diurnal</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A daybook; a journal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tatler.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A small volume containing the daily service for the "little hours," viz., prime, tierce, sext, nones, vespers, and compline.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A diurnal bird or insect.</def>

<h1>Diurnalist</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di*ur"nal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A journalist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Diurnally</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di*ur"nal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Daily; every day.</def>

<h1>Diurnalness</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di*ur"nal*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being diurnal.</def>

<h1>Diurnation</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di`ur*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Continuance during the day.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The condition of sleeping or becoming dormant by day, as is the case of the bats.</def>

<h1>Diuturnal</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di`u*tur"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diuturnus</ets>, fr. <ets>diu</ets> a long time, by day; akin to <ets>dies</ets> day.]</ety> <def>Of long continuance; lasting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Diuturnity</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di`u*tur"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diuturnitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Long duration; lastingness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Divagation</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di`va*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>divagari</ets> to wander about; <ets>di-</ets> = <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>vagari</ets> to stroll about: cf. F. <ets>divagation</ets>. See <er>Vagary</er>.]</ety> <def>A wandering about or going astray; digression.</def>

<blockquote>Let us be set down at Queen's Crawley without further <b>divagation</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Divalent</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Div"a*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>di-</ets> + L. <ets>valens</ets>, <ets>valentis</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Valence</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having two units of combining power; bivalent. Cf. <er>Valence</er>.</def>

<h1>Divan</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di*van"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>d\'c6w\'ben</ets> a book of many leaves, an account book, a collection of books, a senate, council: cf. Ar. <ets>daiw\'ben</ets>, F. <ets>divan</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A book; esp., a collection of poems written by one author; <as>as, the <ex>divan</ex> of Hafiz</as>.</def> <mark>[Persia]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In Turkey and other Oriental countries: A council of state; a royal court. Also used by the poets for a grand deliberative council or assembly.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A chief officer of state.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A saloon or hall where a council is held, in Oriental countries, the state reception room in places, and in the houses of the richer citizens. Cushions on the floor or on benches are ranged round the room.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A cushioned seat, or a large, low sofa or couch; especially, one fixed to its place, and not movable.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A coffee and smoking saloon.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Divaricate</h1>
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<hw>Di*var"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Divaricated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Divaricating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>divaricatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>divaricare</ets> to stretch apart; <ets>di-</ets> = <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>varicare</ets> to straddle, fr. <ets>varicus</ets> straddling, fr. <ets>varus</ets> stretched outwards.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To part into two branches; to become bifid; to fork.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To diverge; to be divaricate.</def>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Divaricate</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di*var"i*cate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To divide into two branches; to cause to branch apart.</def>

<h1>Divaricate</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di*var"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>divaricatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Diverging; spreading asunder; widely diverging.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Forking and diverging; widely diverging; as the branches of a tree, or as lines of sculpture, or color markings on animals, etc.</def>

<h1>Divaricately</h1>
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<hw>Di*var"i*cate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With divarication.</def>

<h1>Divarication</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di*var`i*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>divarication</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A separation into two parts or branches; a forking; a divergence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ambiguity of meaning; a disagreement of difference in opinion.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A divergence of lines of color sculpture, or of fibers at different angles.</def>

<h1>Divaricator</h1>
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<hw>Di*var`i*ca"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the muscles which open the shell of brachiopods; a cardinal muscle. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Brachiopoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Divast</h1>
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<hw>Di*vast"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Devastated; laid waste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dive</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Dive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dived</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <i>colloq</i>. <er>Dove</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, a relic of the AS. strong forms <i>de\'a0f</i>, <i>dofen</i>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Diving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>diven</ets>, <ets>duven</ets>, AS. <ets>d<?/fan</ets> to sink, v. t., fr. <ets>d<?/fan</ets>, v. i.; akin to Icel. <ets>d<?/fa</ets>, G. <ets>taufen</ets>, E. <ets>dip</ets>, <ets>deep</ets>, and perh. to <ets>dove</ets>, <ets>n.</ets> Cf. <er>Dip</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To plunge into water head foremost; to thrust the body under, or deeply into, water or other fluid.</def>

<blockquote>It is not that pearls fetch a high price because men have <b>dived</b> for them.
<i>Whately.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The colloquial form <i>dove</i> is common in the United States as an imperfect tense form.</note>

<blockquote>All [the walruses] <b>dove</b> down with a tremendous splash.
<i>Dr. Hayes.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When closely pressed it [the loon] <b>dove</b> . . . and left the young bird sitting in the water.
<i>J. Burroughs.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To plunge or to go deeply into any subject, question, business, etc.; to penetrate; to explore.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Dive</h1>
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<hw>Dive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To plunge (a person or thing) into water; to dip; to duck.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To explore by diving; to plunge into.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Curtii bravely <b>dived</b> the gulf of fame.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>dives</b> the hollow, climbs the steeps.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dive</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Dive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A plunge headforemost into water, the act of one who dives, literally or figuratively.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place of low resort.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<blockquote>The music halls and <b>dives</b> in the lower part of the city.
<i>J. Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Divedapper</h1>
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<hw>Dive"dap`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dive</er>, <er>Didapper</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A water fowl; the didapper. See <er>Dabchick</er>.</def>

<h1>Divel</h1>
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<hw>Di*vel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>divellere</ets>; <ets>dit-</ets> = <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>vellere</ets> to pluck.]</ety> <def>To rend apart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Divellent</h1>
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<hw>Di*vel"lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>divellens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Drawing asunder.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Divellicate</h1>
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<hw>Di*vel"li*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>di-</ets> = <ets>vellicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>vellicare</ets> to pluck, fr. <ets>vellere</ets> to pull.]</ety> <def>To pull in pieces.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<h1>Diver</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Div"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, dives.</def>

<blockquote><b>Divers</b> and fishers for pearls.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: One who goes deeply into a subject, study, or business.</def> "A <i>diver</i> into causes."

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of certain genera, as <spn>Urinator</spn> (formerly <spn>Colymbus</spn>), or the allied genus <spn>Colymbus</spn>, or <spn>Podiceps</spn>, remarkable for their agility in diving.</def>

<note>&hand; The northern diver (<spn>Urinator imber</spn>) is the loon; the black diver or velvet scoter (<spn>Oidemia fusca</spn>) is a sea duck. See <er>Loon</er>, and <er>Scoter</er>.</note>

<h1>Diverb</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di"verb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diverbium</ets> the colloquial part of a comedy, dialogue; <ets>di-</ets> = dis-</ets> + <ets><ets>verbum</ets> word.]</ety> <def>A saying in which two members of the sentence are contrasted; an antithetical proverb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Italy, a paradise for horses, a hell for women, as the <b>diverb</b> goes.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diverberate</h1>
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<hw>Di*ver"ber*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diverberatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>diverberare</ets> to strike asunder; <ets>di-</ets> = <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>verberare</ets>. See <er>Verberate</er>.]</ety> <def>To strike or sound through.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Davies (Holy Roode).</i>

<h1>Diverberation</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di*ver`ber*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sounding through.</def>

<h1>Diverge</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di*verge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Diverged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Diverging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>di-</ets> = <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>vergere</ets> to bend, incline. See <er>Verge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To extend from a common point in different directions; to tend from one point and recede from each other; to tend to spread apart; to turn aside or deviate (as from a given direction); -- opposed to <i>converge</i>; <as>as, rays of light <ex>diverge</ex> as they proceed from the sun</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To differ from a typical form; to vary from a normal condition; to dissent from a creed or position generally held or taken.</def>

<h1>Divergement</h1>
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<hw>Di*verge"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Divergence.</def>

<h1>Divergence, Divergency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Di*ver"gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Di*ver"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>divergence</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A receding from each other in moving from a common center; the state of being divergent; <as>as, an angle is made by the <ex>divergence</ex> of straight lines</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Rays come to the eye in a state of <b>divergency</b>.
<i><?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disagreement; difference.</def>

<blockquote>Related with some <b>divergence</b> by other writers.
<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Divergent</h1>
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<hw>Di*ver"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>divergent</ets>. See <er>Diverge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Receding farther and farther from each other, as lines radiating from one point; deviating gradually from a given direction; -- opposed to <i>convergent</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Optics)</fld> <def>Causing divergence of rays; <as>as, a <ex>divergent</ex> lens</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: Disagreeing from something given; differing; <as>as, a <ex>divergent</ex> statement</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Divergent series</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Diverging series</cref>, under <er>Diverging</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diverging</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di*ver"ging</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending in different directions from a common center; spreading apart; divergent.</def>

<cs><col>Diverging series</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a series whose terms are larger as the series is extended; a series the sum of whose terms does not approach a finite limit when the series is extended indefinitely; -- opposed to a <i>converging series<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Divergingly</h1>
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<hw>Di*ver"ging*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a diverging manner.</def>

<h1>Divers</h1>
<Xpage=437>

<hw>Di"vers</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>divers</ets>, L. <ets>diversus</ets> turned in different directions, different, p. p. of <ets>divertere</ets>. See <er>Divert</er>, and cf. <er>Diverse</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Different in kind or species; diverse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Every sect of them hath a <b>divers</b> posture.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou shalt not sow thy vineyard with <b>divers</b> seeds.
<i>Deut. xxii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Several; sundry; various; more than one, but not a great number; <as>as, <ex>divers</ex> philosophers</as>. Also used substantively or pronominally.</def>

<blockquote><b>Divers</b> of Antonio's creditors.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Divers</i> is now limited to the plural; as, <i>divers ways</i> (not <i>divers way</i>). Besides plurality it ordinarily implies variety of kind.</note>

<h1>Diverse</h1>
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<hw>Di"verse</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[The same word as <ets>divers</ets>. See <er>Divers</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Different; unlike; dissimilar; distinct; separate.</def>

<blockquote>The word . . . is used in a sense very <b>diverse</b> from its original import.
<i>J. Edwards.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our roads are <b>diverse</b>: farewell, love! said she.
<i>R. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of various forms; multiform.</def>

<blockquote>Eloquence is a great and <b>diverse</b> thing.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diverse</h1>
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<hw>Di*verse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In different directions; diversely.</def>

<hr>
<page="438">
Page 438<p>

<h1>Diverse</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*verse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To turn aside.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The redcross knight <b>diverst</b>, but forth rode Britomart.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diversely</h1>
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<hw>Di"verse*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In different ways; differently; variously.</def> "<i>Diversely</i> interpreted."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>How <b>diversely</b> love doth his pageants play.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In different directions; to different points.</def>

<blockquote>On life's vast ocean <b>diversely</b> we sail.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diverseness</h1>
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<hw>Di*verse"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being diverse.</def>

<h1>Diversifiability</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*ver`si*fi`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or capacity of being diversifiable.</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Diversifiable</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*ver"si*fi`a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being diversified or varied.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Diversification</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*ver`si*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Diversify</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of making various, or of changing form or quality.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>State of diversity or variation; variegation; modification; change; alternation.</def>

<blockquote>Infinite <b>diversifications</b> of tints may be produced.
<i>Adventurer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diversified</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*ver"si*fied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Distinguished by various forms, or by a variety of aspects or objects; variegated; <as>as, <ex>diversified</ex> scenery or landscape</as>.</def>

<h1>Diversifier</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*ver"si*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, diversifies.</def>

<h1>Diversiform</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*ver"si*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diversus</ets> diverse + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of a different form; of varied forms.</def>

<h1>Diversify</h1>
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<hw>Di*ver"si*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Diversified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Diversifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>diversifier</ets>, LL. <ets>diversificare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>diversus</ets> diverse + <ets>ficare</ets> (in comp.), akin to <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Diverse</er>.]</ety> <def>To make diverse or various in form or quality; to give variety to; to variegate; to distinguish by numerous differences or aspects.</def>

<blockquote>Separated and <b>diversified</b> on from another.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Its seven colors, that <b>diversify</b> all the face of nature.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diversiloquent</h1>
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<hw>Di`ver*sil"o*quent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diversus</ets> diverse + <ets>loquens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>Speaking in different ways.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Diversion</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>diversion</ets>. See <er>Divert</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of turning aside from any course, occupation, or object; <as>as, the <ex>diversion</ex> of a stream from its channel; <ex>diversion</ex> of the mind from business.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which diverts; that which turns or draws the mind from care or study, and thus relaxes and amuses; sport; play; pastime; <as>as, the <ex>diversions</ex> of youth</as>.</def> "Public <i>diversions</i>."

<i>V. Knox.</i>

<blockquote>Such productions of wit and humor as expose vice and folly, furnish useful <b>diversion</b> to readers.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The act of drawing the attention and force of an enemy from the point where the principal attack is to be made; the attack, alarm, or feint which diverts.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Amusement; entertainment; pastime; recreation; sport; game; play; solace; merriment.</syn>

<h1>Diversity</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*ver"si*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Diversities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>diversit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>diversitas</ets>, fr. <ets>diversus</ets>. See <er>Diverse</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A state of difference; dissimilitude; unlikeness.</def>

<blockquote>They will prove opposite; and not resting in a bare <b>diversity</b>, rise into a contrariety.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Multiplicity of difference; multiformity; variety.</def> "<i>Diversity</i> of sounds." <i>Shak</i>. "<i>Diversities</i> of opinion."

<i>Secker.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Variegation.</def> "Bright <i>diversities</i> of day."

<i>Pope.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Variety</er>.</syn>

<h1>Diversivolent</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di`ver*siv"o*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diversus</ets> diverse + <ets>volens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>velle</ets> to wish.]</ety> <def>Desiring different things.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Webster (White Devil).</i>

<h1>Diversory</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*ver"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving or tending to divert; also, distinguishing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Diversory</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*ver"so*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diversorium</ets>, <ets>deversorium</ets>, an inn or lodging.]</ety> <def>A wayside inn.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Divert</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Diverted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Diverting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>divertir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>divertere</ets>, <ets>diversum</ets>, to go different ways, turn aside; <ets>di- = dis-</ets> + <ets>vertere</ets> to turn. See <er>Verse</er>, and cf. <er>Divorce</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To turn aside; to turn off from any course or intended application; to deflect; <as>as, to <ex>divert</ex> a river from its channel; to <ex>divert</ex> commerce from its usual course.</as></def>

<blockquote>That crude apple that <b>diverted</b> Eve.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To turn away from any occupation, business, or study; to cause to have lively and agreeable sensations; to amuse; to entertain; <as>as, children are <ex>diverted</ex> with sports; men are <ex>diverted</ex> with works of wit and humor.</as></def>

<blockquote>We are amused by a tale, <b>diverted</b> by a comedy.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To please; gratify; amuse; entertain; exhilarate; delight; recreate. See <er>Amuse</er>.</syn>

<h1>Divert</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vert"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To turn aside; to digress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I <b>diverted</b> to see one of the prince's palaces.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Diverter</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vert"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, diverts, turns off, or pleases.</def>

<h1>Divertible</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vert"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being diverted.</def>

<h1>Diverticle</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*ver"ti*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>diverticulum</ets>, <ets>deverticulum</ets>, a bypath, fr. <ets>divertere</ets> to turn away.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A turning; a byway; a bypath.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hales</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A diverticulum.</def>

<h1>Diverticular</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Div`er*tic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a diverticulum.</def>

<h1>Diverticulum</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Div`er*tic"u*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Diverticula</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Diverticle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A blind tube branching out of a longer one.</def>

<h1>Divertimento</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*ver`ti*men"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ti</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.<def>) </fld>A light and pleasing composition.</def>

<h1>Diverting</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vert"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Amusing; entertaining.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Di*vert"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Di*vert"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Divertise</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vert"ise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>divertir</ets>, p. pr. <ets>divertissant</ets>.]</ety> <def>To divert; to entertain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Divertisement</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vert"ise*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. the next word.]</ety> <def>Diversion; amusement; recreation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Divertissement</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di`ver`tisse`ment"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A short ballet, or other entertainment, between the acts of a play.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Divertive</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vert"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Divert</er>.]</ety> <def>Tending to divert; diverting; amusing; interesting.</def>

<blockquote>Things of a pleasant and <b>divertive</b> nature.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dives</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di"ves</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., rich.]</ety> <def>The name popularly given to the rich man in our Lord's parable of the "Rich Man and Lazarus" (<i>Luke xvi. 19-31</i>). Hence, a name for a rich worldling.</def>

<h1>Divest</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Divested</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Divesting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>divestire</ets> (<ets>di-</ets> = <ets>dis-</ets> + L. <ets>vestire</ets> to dress), equiv. to L. <ets>devestire</ets>. It is the same word as <ets>devest</ets>, but the latter is rarely used except as a technical term in law. See <er>Devest</er>, <er>Vest</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To unclothe; to strip, as of clothes, arms, or equipage; -- opposed to <i>invest</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To strip; to deprive; to dispossess; <as>as, to <ex>divest</ex> one of his rights or privileges; to <ex>divest</ex> one's self of prejudices, passions, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Wretches <b>divested</b> of every moral feeling.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The tendency of the language to <b>divest</b> itself of its gutturals.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Devest</er>.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Divestible</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vest"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being divested.</def>

<h1>Divestiture</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vest"i*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of stripping, or depriving; the state of being divested; the deprivation, or surrender, of possession of property, rights, etc.</def>

<h1>Divestment</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vest"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of divesting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Divesture</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*ves"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Divestiture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Divet</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Div"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Divot</er>.</def>

<h1>Dividable</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vid"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Divide</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being divided; divisible.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Divided; separated; parted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dividant</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vid"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Different; distinct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Divide</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Divided</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dividing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dividere</ets>, <ets>divisum</ets>; <ets>di- = dis-</ets> + root signifying <ets>to part</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>vyadh</ets> to pierce; perh. akin to L. <ets>vidua</ets> widow, and E. <ets>widow</ets>. Cf. <er>Device</er>, <er>Devise</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To part asunder (a whole); to sever into two or more parts or pieces; to sunder; to separate into parts.</def>

<blockquote><b>Divide</b> the living child in two.
<i>1 Kings iii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to be separate; to keep apart by a partition, or by an imaginary line or limit; <as>as, a wall <ex>divides</ex> two houses; a stream <ex>divides</ex> the towns.</as></def>

<blockquote>Let it <b>divide</b> the waters from the waters.
<i>Gen. i. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make partition of among a number; to apportion, as profits of stock among proprietors; to give in shares; to distribute; to mete out; to share.</def>

<blockquote>True justice unto people to <b>divide</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ye shall <b>divide</b> the land by lot.
<i>Num. xxxiii. 54.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To disunite in opinion or interest; to make discordant or hostile; to set at variance.</def>

<blockquote>If a kingdom be <b>divided</b> against itself, that kingdom can not stand.
<i>Mark iii. 24.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Every family became now <b>divided</b> within itself.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To separate into two parts, in order to ascertain the votes for and against a measure; <as>as, to <ex>divide</ex> a legislative house upon a question</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To subject to arithmetical division.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>To separate into species; -- said of a genus or generic term.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>To mark divisions on; to graduate; <as>as, to <ex>divide</ex> a sextant</as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Music)</fld> <def>To play or sing in a florid style, or with variations.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To sever; dissever; sunder; cleave; disjoin; disunite; detach; disconnect; part; distribute; share.</syn>

<h1>Divide</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vide"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To be separated; to part; to open; to go asunder.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The Indo-Germanic family <b>divides</b> into three groups.
<i>J. Peile.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause separation; to disunite.</def>

<blockquote>A gulf, a strait, the sea intervening between islands, <b>divide</b> less than the matted forest.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To break friendship; to fall out.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To have a share; to partake.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To vote, as in the British Parliament, by the members separating themselves into two parties (as on opposite sides of the hall or in opposite lobbies), that is, the <i>ayes</i> dividing from the <i>noes</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The emperors sat, voted, and <b>divided</b> with their equals.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Divide</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vide"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dividing ridge of land between the tributaries of two streams; a watershed.</def>

<h1>Divided</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vid"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Parted; disunited; distributed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Cut into distinct parts, by incisions which reach the midrib; -- said of a leaf.</def>

<h1>Dividedly</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vid"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Separately; in a divided manner.</def>

<h1>Dividend</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Div"i*dend</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dividendum</ets> thing to be divided, neut. of the gerundive of <ets>dividere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dividende</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A sum of money to be divided and distributed; the share of a sum divided that falls to each individual; a distribute sum, share, or percentage; -- applied to the profits as appropriated among shareholders, and to assets as apportioned among creditors; <as>as, the <ex>dividend</ex> of a bank, a railway corporation, or a bankrupt estate</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A number or quantity which is to be divided.</def>

<h1>Divident</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Div"i*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dividend; share.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Divider</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vid"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, divides; that which separates anything into parts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who deals out to each his share.</def>

<blockquote>Who made me a judge or a <b>divider</b> over you?
<i>Luke xii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who, or that which, causes division.</def>

<blockquote>Hate is of all things the mightiest <b>divider</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Money, the great <b>divider</b> of the world.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An instrument for dividing lines, describing circles, etc., compasses. See <er>Compasses</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The word <i>dividers</i> is usually applied to the instrument as made for the use of draughtsmen, etc.; <i>compasses</i> to the coarser instrument used by carpenters.</note>

<h1>Dividing</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vid"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That divides; separating; marking divisions; graduating.</def>

<cs><col>Dividing engine</col>, <cd>a machine for graduating circles (as for astronomical instruments) or bars (as for scales); also, for spacing off and cutting teeth in wheels.</cd> -- <col>Dividing sinker</col>. <fld>(Knitting Mach.)</fld>. <cd>See under <er>Sinker</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dividingly</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vid"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By division.</def>

<h1>Divi-divi</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di"vi-di"vi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small tree of tropical America (<spn>C\'91salpinia coriaria</spn>), whose legumes contain a large proportion of tannic and gallic acid, and are used by tanners and dyers.</def>

<h1>Dividual</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vid"u*al</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dividuous</er>.]</ety> <def>Divided, shared, or participated in, in common with others.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Dividually</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vid"u*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By dividing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dividuous</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vid"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dividuus</ets> divisible, divided, fr. <ets>dividere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divided; dividual.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He so often substantiates distinctions into <b>dividuous</b>, selfsubsistent.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Divination</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Div`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>divinatio</ets>, fr. <ets>divinare</ets>, <ets>divinatum</ets>, to foresee, foretell, fr. <ets>divinus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>divination</ets>. See <er>Divine</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of divining; a foreseeing or foretelling of future events; the pretended art discovering secret or future by preternatural means.</def>

<blockquote>There shall not be found among you any one that . . . useth <b>divination</b>, or an observer of times, or an enchanter.
<i>Deut. xviii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Among the ancient heathen philosophers <i>natural</i> divination was supposed to be effected by a divine afflatus; <i>artificial</i> divination by certain rites, omens, or appearances, as the flight of birds, entrails of animals, etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An indication of what is future or secret; augury omen; conjectural presage; prediction.</def>

<blockquote>Birds which do give a happy <b>divination</b> of things to come.
<i>Sir T. North.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Divinator</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Div"i*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Divination</er>.]</ety> <def>One who practices or pretends to divination; a diviner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Divinatory</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vin"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>divinatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Professing, or relating to, divination.</def> "A natural <i>divinatory</i> instinct."

<i>Cowley.</i>

<h1>Divine</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Compar. <er>Diviner</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <ets>superl</ets>. <er>Divinest</er>.]</ety> <ety>[F. <ets>divin</ets>, L. <ets>divinus</ets> divine, divinely inspired, fr. <ets>divus</ets>, <ets>dius</ets>, belonging to a deity; akin to Gr. <?/, and L. <ets>deus</ets>, God. See <er>Deity</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or belonging to God; <as>as, <ex>divine</ex> perfections; the <ex>divine</ex> will.</as></def> "The immensity of the <i>divine</i> nature."

<i>Paley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Proceeding from God; <as>as, <ex>divine</ex> judgments</as>.</def> "<i>Divine</i> protection."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Appropriated to God, or celebrating his praise; religious; pious; holy; <as>as, <ex>divine</ex> service; <ex>divine</ex> songs; <ex>divine</ex> worship.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or proceeding from, a deity; partaking of the nature of a god or the gods.</def> "The <i>divine</i> Apollo said."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Godlike; heavenly; excellent in the highest degree; supremely admirable; apparently above what is human. In this application, the word admits of comparison; <as>as, the <ex>divinest</ex> mind</as>. <i>Sir J</i>. <i>Davies</i>.</def> "The <i>divine</i> Desdemona."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>divine</b> sentence is in the lips of the king.
<i>Prov. xvi. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But not to one in this benighted age
Is that <b>diviner</b> inspiration given.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Presageful; foreboding; prescient.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Yet oft his heart, <b>divine</b> of something ill,
Misgave him.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Relating to divinity or theology.</def>

<blockquote>Church history and other <b>divine</b> learning.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Supernatural; superhuman; godlike; heavenly; celestial; pious; holy; sacred; pre\'89minent.</syn>

<h1>Divine</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vine"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>divinus</ets> a soothsayer, LL., a theologian. See <er>Divine</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One skilled in divinity; a theologian.</def> "Poets were the first <i>divines</i>."

<i>Denham.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A minister of the gospel; a priest; a clergyman.</def>

<blockquote>The first <b>divines</b> of New England were surpassed by none in extensive erudition.
<i>J. Woodbridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Divine</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vine"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Divined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Divining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>divinare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>deviner</ets>. See <er>Divination</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To foresee or foreknow; to detect; to anticipate; to conjecture.</def>

<blockquote>A sagacity which <b>divined</b> the evil designs.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To foretell; to predict; to presage.</def>

<blockquote>Darest thou . . . <b>divine</b> his downfall?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To render divine; to deify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Living on earth like angel new <b>divined</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To foretell; predict; presage; prophesy; prognosticate; forebode; guess; conjecture; surmise.</syn>

<h1>Divine</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vine"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To use or practice divination; to foretell by divination; to utter prognostications.</def>

<blockquote>The prophets thereof <b>divine</b> for money.
<i>Micah iii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have or feel a presage or foreboding.</def>

<blockquote>Suggest but truth to my <b>divining</b> thoughts.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To conjecture or guess; <as>as, to <ex>divine</ex> rightly</as>.</def>

<h1>Divinely</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vine"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In a divine or godlike manner; holily; admirably or excellently in a supreme degree.</def>

<blockquote>Most <b>divinely</b> fair.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By the agency or influence of God.</def>

<blockquote><b>Divinely</b> set apart . . . to be a preacher of righteousness.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Divinement</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vine"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Divination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Divineness</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vine"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being divine; superhuman or supreme excellence.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Diviner</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vin"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who professes divination; one who pretends to predict events, or to reveal occult things, by supernatural means.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>diviners</b> have seen a lie, and have told false dreams; they comfort in vain.
<i>Zech. x. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A conjecture; a guesser; one who makes out occult things.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Divineress</h1>
<Xpage=438>

<hw>Di*vin"er*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who divines.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<hr>
<page="439">
Page 439<p>

<h1>Diving</h1>
<Xpage=439>

<hw>Div"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That dives or is used or diving.</def>

<cs><col>Diving beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any beetle of the family <spn>Dytiscid\'91</spn>, which habitually lives under water; -- called also <altname>water tiger</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Diving bell</col>, <cd>a hollow inverted vessel, sometimes bell-shaped, in which men may descend and work under water, respiration being sustained by the compressed air at the top, by fresh air pumped in through a tube from above.</cd> -- <col>Diving dress</col>. <cd>See <cref>Submarine armor</cref>, under <er>Submarine</er>.</cd> -- <col>Diving stone</col>, <cd>a kind of jasper.</cd></cs>

<h1>Divinify</h1>
<Xpage=439>

<hw>Di*vin"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>divinus</ets> divine + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To render divine; to deify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Blessed and <i>divinified</i> soul."

<i>Parth. Sacra (1633).</i>

<h1>Divining</h1>
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<hw>Di*vin"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That divines; for divining.</def>

<cs><col>Divining rod</col>, <cd>a rod, commonly of witch hazel, with forked branches, used by those who pretend to discover water or metals under ground.</cd></cs>

<h1>Diviningly</h1>
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<hw>Di*vin"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a divining manner.</def>

<h1>Divinistre</h1>
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<hw>Div`i*nis"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A diviner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " I am no <i>divinistre</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Divinity</h1>
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<hw>Di*vin"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Divinities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>divinit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>divinitas</ets>. See <er>Divine</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being divine; the nature or essence of God; deity; godhead.</def>

<blockquote>When he attributes <b>divinity</b> to other things than God, it is only a <b>divinity</b> by way of participation.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The Deity; the Supreme Being; God.</def>

<blockquote>This the <b>divinity</b> that within us.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pretended deity of pagans; a false god</def>.

<blockquote>Beastly <b>divinities</b>, and droves of gods.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A celestial being, inferior to the supreme God, but superior to man.</def>

<blockquote>God . . . employing these subservient <b>divinities</b>.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Something divine or superhuman; supernatural power or virtue; something which inspires awe.</def>

<blockquote>They say there is <b>divinity</b> in odd numbers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There's such <b>divinity</b> doth hedge a king.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The science of divine things; the science which treats of God, his laws and moral government, and the way of salvation; theology.</def>

<blockquote><b>Divinity</b> is essentially the first of the professions.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col><?/ase divinity</col>, <cd>casuistry.</cd></cs>

<h1>Divinization</h1>
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<hw>Div`i*ni*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A making divine.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Divinize</h1>
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<hw>Div"i*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To invest with a divine character; to deify.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<blockquote>Man had <b>divinized</b> all those objects of awe.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Divisibility</h1>
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<hw>Di*vis`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>divisibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being divisible; the property of bodies by which their parts are capable of separation.</def>

<blockquote><b>Divisibility</b> . . . is a primary attribute of matter.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Divisible</h1>
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<hw>Di*vis"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>divisibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>dividere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>divisible</ets>. See <er>Divide</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being divided or separated.</def>

<blockquote>Extended substance . . . is <b>divisible</b> into parts.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Divisible contract</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a contract containing agreements one of which can be separated from the other.</cd> -- <col>Divisible offense</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an offense containing a lesser offense in one of a greater grade, so that on the latter there can be an acquittal, while on the former there can be a conviction.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Di*vis"i*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Di*vis"i*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Divisible</h1>
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<hw>Di*vis"i*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A divisible substance.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Division</h1>
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<hw>Di*vi"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>division</ets>, L. <ets>divisio</ets>, from <ets>dividere</ets>. See <er>Divide</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of diving anything into parts, or the state of being so divided; separation.</def>

<blockquote>I was overlooked in the <b>division</b> of the spoil.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which divides or keeps apart; a partition.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The portion separated by the divining of a mass or body; a distinct segment or section.</def>

<blockquote>Communities and <b>divisions</b> of men.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Disunion; difference in opinion or feeling; discord; variance; alienation.</def>

<blockquote>There was a <b>division</b> among the people.
<i>John vii. 43.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Difference of condition; state of distinction; distinction; contrast.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>I will put a <b>division</b> between my people and thy people.
<i>Ex. viii. 23.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Separation of the members of a deliberative body, esp. of the Houses of Parliament, to ascertain the vote.</def>

<blockquote>The motion passed without a <b>division</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The process of finding how many times one number or quantity is contained in another; the reverse of <i>multiplication</i>; also, the rule by which the operation is performed.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The separation of a genus into its constituent species.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Two or more brigades under the command of a general officer.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Two companies of infantry maneuvering as one subdivision of a battalion.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>One of the larger districts into which a country is divided for administering military affairs.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of the groups into which a fleet is divided.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A course of notes so running into each other as to form one series or chain, to be sung in one breath to one syllable.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The distribution of a discourse into parts; a part so distinguished.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A grade or rank in classification; a portion of a tribe or of a class; or, in some recent authorities, equivalent to a subkingdom.</def>

<cs><col>Cell division</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>a method of cell increase, in which new cells are formed by the division of the parent cell. In this process, the cell nucleus undergoes peculiar differentiations and changes, as shown in the figure (see also <er>Karyokinesis</er>). At the same time the protoplasm of the cell becomes gradually constricted by a furrow transverse to the long axis of the nuclear spindle, followed, on the completion of the division of the nucleus, by a separation of the cell contents into two masses, called the <i>daughter cells<i>.</cd> -- <col>Long division</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the process of division when the operations are mostly written down.</cd> -- <col>Short division</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the process of division when the operations are mentally performed and only the results written down; -- used principally when the divisor is not greater than ten or twelve.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- compartment; section; share; allotment; distribution; separation; partition; disjunction; disconnection; difference; variance; discord; disunion.</syn>

<h1>Divisional</h1>
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<hw>Di*vi"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That divides; p<?/rtaining to, making, or noting, a division; <as>as, a <ex>divisional</ex> line; a <ex>divisional</ex> general; a <ex>divisional</ex> surgeon of police.</as></def>

<cs><col>Divisional planes</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>planes of separation between rock masses. They include joints.</cd></cs>

<h1>Divisionally</h1>
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<hw>Di*vi"sion*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to be divisional.</def>

<h1>Divisionary</h1>
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<hw>Di*vi"sion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Divisional.</def>

<h1>Divisionor</h1>
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<hw>Di*vi"sion*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who divides or makes division.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<h1>Divisive</h1>
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<hw>Di*vi"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>divisif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Indicating division or distribution.</def>

<i>Mede.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Creating, or tending to create, division, separation, or difference.</def>

<blockquote>It [culture] is after all a dainty and <b>divisive</b> quality, and can not reach to the depths of humanity.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Di*vi"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Di*vi"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Divisor</h1>
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<hw>Di*vi"sor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>dividere</ets>. See <er>Divide</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The number by which the dividend is divided.</def>

<cs><col>Common divisor</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Common</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Divorce</h1>
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<hw>Di*vorce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>divorce</ets>, L. <ets>divortium</ets>, fr. <ets>divortere</ets>, <ets>divertere</ets>, to turn different ways, to separate. See <er>Divert</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A legal dissolution of the marriage contract by a court or other body having competent authority. This is properly a divorce, and called, technically, divorce <it>a vinculo matrimonii.</it></def> "from the bond of matrimony." <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The separation of a married woman from the bed and board of her husband -- divorce <it>a mensa et toro (&or; thoro)</it>, "from bed board."</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The decree or writing by which marriage is dissolved.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Separation; disunion of things closely united.</def>

<blockquote>To make <b>divorce</b> of their incorporate league.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which separates.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Bill of divorce</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bill</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Divorce</h1>
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<hw>Di*vorce"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Divorced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Divorcing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>divorcer</ets>. See <er>Divorce</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To dissolve the marriage contract of, either wholly or partially; to separate by divorce.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To separate or disunite; to sunder.</def>

<blockquote>It [a word] was <b>divorced</b> from its old sense.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make away; to put away.</def>

<blockquote>Nothing but death
Shall e'er <b>divorce</b> my dignities.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Divorceable</h1>
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<hw>Di*vorce"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being divorced.</def>

<h1>Divorcee</h1>
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<hw>Di*vor`cee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person divorced.</def>

<h1>Divorceless</h1>
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<hw>Di*vorce"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being divorced or separated; free from divorce.</def>

<h1>Divorcement</h1>
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<hw>Di*vorce"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dissolution of the marriage tie; divorce; separation.</def>

<blockquote>Let him write her a <b>divorcement</b>.
<i>Deut. xxiv. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>divorcement</b> of our written from our spoken language.
<i>R. Morris.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Divorcer</h1>
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<hw>Di*vor"cer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The person or cause that produces or effects a divorce.</def>

<i>Drummond.</i>

<h1>Divorcible</h1>
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<hw>Di*vor"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Divorceable.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Divorcive</h1>
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<hw>Di*vor"cive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power to divorce; tending to divorce.</def> "This <i>divorcive</i> law."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Divot</h1>
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<hw>Div"ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thin, oblong turf used for covering cottages, and also for fuel.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Divulgate</h1>
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<hw>Di*vul"gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>divulgatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>divulgare</ets>. See <er>Divulge</er>.]</ety> <def>Published.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Divulgate</h1>
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<hw>Di*vul"gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To divulge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Divulgater</h1>
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<hw>Div"ul*ga`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A divulger.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Divulgation</h1>
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<hw>Div`ul*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>divulgatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>divulgation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of divulging or publishing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Secrecy hath no use than <b>divulgation</b>.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Divulge</h1>
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<hw>Di*vulge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Divulged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Divulging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>divulguer</ets>, L. <ets>divulgare</ets>; <ets>di- = dis-</ets> + <ets>vulgare</ets> to spread among the people, from <ets>vulgus</ets> the common people. See <er>Vulgar</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make public; to several or communicate to the public; to tell (a secret) so that it may become generally known; to disclose; -- said of that which had been confided as a secret, or had been before unknown; <as>as, to <ex>divulge</ex> a secret</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Divulge not such a love as mine.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To indicate publicly; to proclaim.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>God . . . marks
The just man, and <b>divulges</b> him through heaven.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To impart; to communicate.</def>

<blockquote>Which would not be

<blockquote>To them [animals] made common and <b>divulged</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To publish; disclose; discover; uncover; reveal; communicate; impart; tell.</syn>

<h1>Divulge</h1>
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<hw>Di*vulge"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become publicly known.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "To keep it from <i>divulging</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Divulsive</h1>
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<hw>Di*vul"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to pull asunder, tear, or rend; distracting.</def>

<h1>Dixie</h1>
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<hw>Dix"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A colloquial name for the Southern portion of the United States, esp. during the Civil War.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Dizen</h1>
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<hw>Diz"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dizened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dizening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Perh. orig., to dress in a foolish manner, and allied to <ets>dizzy</ets>: but cf. also OE. <ets>dysyn</ets> (<ets>Palsgrave</ets>) to put tow or flax on a distaff, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., to dress it. Cf. <er>Distaff</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To dress; to attire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dress gaudily; to overdress; to bedizen; to deck out.</def>

<blockquote>Like a tragedy queen, he has <b>dizened</b> her out.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To-morrow when the masks shall fall
That <b>dizen</b> Nature's carnival.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dizz</h1>
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<hw>Dizz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dizzy</er>.]</ety> <def>To make dizzy; to astonish; to puzzle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gayton.</i>

<h1>Dizzard</h1>
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<hw>Diz"zard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dizzy</er>, and cf. <er>Disard</er>.]</ety> <def>A blockhead. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dizard</asp>, and <asp>disard</asp>.]</altsp></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Diz"zard*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Dizzily</h1>
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<hw>Diz"zi*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dizzy manner or state.</def>

<h1>Dizziness</h1>
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<hw>Diz"zi*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>dysigness</ets> folly. See <er>Dizzy</er>.]</ety> <def>Giddiness; a whirling sensation in the head; vertigo.</def>

<h1>Dizzy</h1>
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<hw>Diz"zy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Dizzier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Dizziest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>dusi</ets>, <ets>disi</ets>, <ets>desi</ets>, foolish, AS. <ets>dysig</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>d\'81sig</ets> dizzy, OD. <ets>deuzig</ets>, <ets>duyzig</ets>, OHG. <ets>tusig</ets> foolish, OFries. <ets>dusia</ets> to be dizzy; LG. <ets>dusel</ets> dizziness, <ets>duselig</ets>, <ets>dusselig</ets>, D. <ets>duizelig</ets>, dizzy, Dan. <ets>d\'94sig</ets> drowsy, slepy, <ets>d\'94se</ets> to make dull, drowsy, <ets>d\'94s</ets> dullness, drowsiness, and to AS. <ets>dw<?/s</ets> foolish, G. <ets>thor</ets> fool. <?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Daze</er>, <er>Doze</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having in the head a sensation of whirling, with a tendency to fall; vertiginous; giddy; hence, confused; indistinct.</def>

<blockquote>Alas! his brain was <b>dizzy</b>.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing, or tending to cause, giddiness or vertigo.</def>

<blockquote>To climb from the brink of Fleet Ditch by a <b>dizzy</b> ladder.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Without distinct thought; unreflecting; thoughtless; heedless.</def> "The <i>dizzy</i> multitude."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Dizzy</h1>
<Xpage=439>

<hw>Diz"zy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dizzied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dizzying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make dizzy or giddy; to give the vertigo to; to confuse.</def>

<blockquote>If the jangling of thy bells had not <b>dizzied</b> thy understanding.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<mhw><h1>Djereed &or; Djerrid</h1>
<Xpage=439>

<hw>Djer*eed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> &or; <hw>Djer*rid"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>djerid</ets>, fr. Ar. See <er>Jereed</er>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A blunt javelin used in military games in Moslem countries</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A game played with it</def>. <altsp>[Written also <asp>jereed</asp>, <asp>jerrid</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Djinnee</h1>
<Xpage=439>

<hw>Djin"nee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Jjinn</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt> or <plw>Djinns</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>See <er>Jinnee</er>, <er>Jinn</er>.</def>

<h1>Do.</h1>
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<hw>Do.</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An abbreviation of <er>Ditto</er>.</def>

<h1>Do</h1>
<Xpage=439>

<hw>Do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A syllable attached to the first tone of the major diatonic scale for the purpose of solmization, or solfeggio. It is the first of the seven syllables used by the Italians as manes of musical tones, and replaced, for the sake of euphony, the syllable <i>Ut</i>, applied to the note C. In England and America the same syllables are used by mane as a scale pattern, while the tones in respect to absolute pitch are named from the first seven letters of the alphabet.</def>

<h1>Do</h1>
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<hw>Do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. &or; auxiliary</tt>. <wordforms>[<tt>imp</tt>. <er>Din</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p</tt>. <tt>p</tt>. <er>Done</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Doing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.  This verb, when transitive, is formed in the indicative, present tense, thus: I <i>do</i>, thou <i>doest</i> (<?/) or <i>dost <?/</i>, he <i>does</i> (<?/), <i>doeth</i> (<?/), or <i>doth</i> (<?/); when auxiliary, the second person is, thou <i>dost</i>. As an independent verb, <i>dost</i> is obsolete or rare, except in poetry. "What <i>dost</i> thou in this world?" <i>Milton</i>. The form <i>doeth</i> is a verb unlimited, <i>doth</i>, formerly so used, now being the auxiliary form. The second pers, sing., imperfect tense, is <i>didst</i> (<?/), formerly <i>didest</i> (<?/).]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>d<?/n</ets>; akin to D. <ets>doen</ets>, OS. <ets>duan</ets>, OHG. <ets>tuon</ets>, G. <ets>thun</ets>, Lith. <ets>deti</ets>, OSlav. <ets>d<?/ti</ets>, OIr. <ets>d\'82nim</ets> I do, Gr. <?/ to put, Skr. <ets>dh\'be</ets>, and to E. suffix <ets>-dom</ets>, and prob. to L. <ets>facere</ets> to do, E. <ets>fact</ets>, and perh. to L. <ets>-dere</ets> in some compounfds, as ad<ets>dere</ets> to add, cre<ets>dere</ets> to trust. <?/<?/<?/ Cf. <er>Deed</er>, <er>Deem</er>, <er>Doom</er>, <er>Fact</er>, <er>Creed</er>, <er>Theme</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To place; to put.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tale of a Usurer (about 1330).</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause; to make; -- with an infinitive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>My lord Abbot of Westminster <b>did</b> do shewe to me late certain evidences.
<i>W. Caxton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I shall . . . your cloister do make.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A fatal plague which many <b>did</b> to die.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We <b>do</b> you to wit [<it>i. e.</it>, We <b>make</b> you to know] of the grace of God bestowed on the churches of Macedonia.
<i>2 Cor. viii. 1.</i></blockquote>


<note>&hand; We have lost the idiom shown by the citations (<i>do</i> used like the French <i>faire</i> or <i>laisser</i>), in which the verb in the infinitive apparently, but not really, has a passive signification, <it>i. e.</it>, cause . . . to be made.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bring about; to produce, as an effect or result; to effect; to achieve.</def>

<blockquote>The neglecting it may <b>do</b> much danger.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He waved indifferently' twixt <b>doing</b> them neither good not harm.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To perform, as an action; to execute; to transact to carry out in action; <as>as, to <ex>do</ex> a good or a bad act; <ex>do</ex> our duty; to <ex>do</ex> what I can.</as></def>

<blockquote>Six days shalt thou labor and <b>do</b> all thy work.
<i>Ex. xx. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We did not <b>do</b> these things.
<i>Ld. Lytton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You can not <b>do</b> wrong without suffering wrong.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

Hence: <i>To do homage</i>, <i>honor</i>, <i>favor</i>, <i>justice</i>, etc., to render homage, honor, etc.

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To bring to an end by action; to perform completely; to finish; to accomplish; -- a sense conveyed by the construction, which is that of the past participle <i>done</i>.</def> "Ere summer half be <i>done</i>." "I have <i>done</i> weeping."

<i>Shak.</i>

<hr>
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Page 440<p>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To make ready for an object, purpose, or use, as food by cooking; to cook completely or sufficiently; <as>as, the meat is <ex>done</ex> on one side only</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To put or bring into a form, state, or condition, especially in the phrases, <i>to do death</i>, to put to death; to slay; <i>to do away</i> (often do <i>away with</i>), to put away; to remove; <i>to do on</i>, to put on; to don; <i>to do off</i>, to take off, as dress; to doff; <i>to do into</i>, to put into the form of; to translate or transform into, as a text.</def>

<blockquote><b>Done to death</b> by slanderous tongues.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ground of the difficulty is <b>done away</b>.
<i> Paley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Suspicions regarding his loyalty were entirely <b>done away</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>do on</b> our own harness, that we may not; but we must <b>do on</b> the armor of God.
<i> Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Then Jason rose and <b>did on</b> him a fair
Blue woolen tunic.
<i> W. Morris (Jason).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Though the former legal pollution be now <b>done off</b>, yet there is a spiritual contagion in idolatry as much to be shunned.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It ["Pilgrim's Progress"] has been <b>done into</b> verse: it has been <b>done into</b> modern English.
<i> Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To cheat; to gull; to overreach.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>He was not be <b>done</b>, at his time of life, by frivolous offers of a compromise that might have secured him seventy-five per cent.
<i> De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To see or inspect; to explore; <as>as, to <ex>do</ex> all the points of interest</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>To cash or to advance money for, as a bill or note.</def>

<note>&hand; <sd>(a)</sd> <i>Do</i> and <i>did</i> are much employed as auxiliaries, the verb to which they are joined being an infinitive. As an auxiliary the verb <i>do</i> has no participle. "I <i>do</i> set my bow in the cloud." <i>Gen. ix. 13</i>. <mark>[Now archaic or rare except for emphatic assertion.]</mark>

<blockquote>Rarely . . . <b>did</b> the wrongs of individuals to the knowledge of the public.
<i> Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> They are often used in emphatic construction. "You don't say so, Mr. Jobson. -- but I <i>do</i> say so." <i>Sir W. Scott</i>. "I <i>did love him</i>, <i>but scorn him now</i>." <i>Latham</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> In negative and interrogative constructions, <i>do</i> and <i>did</i> are in common use. I <i>do</i> not wish to see them; what <i>do</i> you think? <i>Did</i> C\'91sar cross the Tiber? He <i>did</i> not.  "<i>Do</i> you love me?" <i>Shak</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> <i>Do</i>, as an auxiliary, is supposed to have been first used before imperatives. It expresses entreaty or earnest request; as, <i>do help me</i>. In the imperative mood, but not in the indicative, it may be used with the verb <i>to be</i>; as, <i>do be</i> quiet. <i>Do</i>, <i>did</i>, and <i>done</i> often stand as a general substitute or representative verb, and thus save the repetition of the principal verb. "To live and die is all we have to <i>do</i>." <i>Denham</i>. In the case of <i>do</i> and <i>did</i> as auxiliaries, the sense may be completed by the infinitive (without <i>to</i>) of the verb represented. "When beauty lived and died as flowers <i>do</i> now." <i>Shak</i>.  "I . . . chose my wife as she <i>did</i> her wedding gown."

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<blockquote>My brightest hopes giving dark fears a being.
As the light <b>does</b> the shadow.
<i> Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

In unemphatic affirmative sentences <i>do</i> is, for the most part, archaic or poetical; as, "This just reproach their virtue <i>does</i> excite."

<i>Dryden.</i>
</note>

<cs><mcol><col>To do one's best</col>, <col>To do one's diligence</col></mcol> (and the like), <cd>to exert one's self; to put forth one's best or most or most diligent efforts.</cd> "We will . . . <i>do our<i> best to gain their assent." <i>Jowett (Thucyd.)</i>. -- <col>To do one's business</col>, <cd>to ruin one.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <i>Wycherley</i>. -- <col>To do one shame</col>, <cd>to cause one shame.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>To do over</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To make over; to perform a second time.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To cover; to spread; to smear. "Boats . . . sewed together and <i>done over<i> with a kind of slimy stuff like rosin." <i>De Foe</i>.</cd> -- <col>To do to death</col>, <cd>to put to death.</cd> (See 7.) <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>To do up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To put up; to raise. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <i>Chaucer</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To pack together and envelop; to pack up.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To accomplish thoroughly. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To starch and iron. "A rich gown of velvet, and a ruff <i>done up<i> with the famous yellow starch." <i>Hawthorne</i>.</cd> -- <col>To do way</col>, <cd>to put away; to lay aside. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>To do with</col>, <cd>to dispose of; to make use of; to employ; -- usually preceded by <i>what<i>. "Men are many times brought to that extremity, that were it not for God they would not know what <i>to do with<i> themselves." <i>Tillotson</i>.</cd> -- <col>To have to do with</col>, <cd>to have concern, business or intercourse with; to deal with. When preceded by <i>what<i>, the notion is usually implied that the affair does not concern the person denoted by the subject of <i>have<i>. "Philology <i>has to do with<i> language in its fullest sense." <i>Earle</i>.  "What <i>have<i> I <i>to do with<i> you, ye sons of Zeruiah? <i>2 Sam. xvi. 10.</i></cd></cs>

<h1>Do</h1>
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<hw>Do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To act or behave in any manner; to conduct one's self.</def>

<blockquote>They fear not the Lord, neither <b>do</b> they after . . . the law and commandment.
<i> 2 Kings xvii. 34.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fare; to be, as regards health; <as>as, they asked him how he <ex>did</ex>; how do you <ex>do</ex> to-day?</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Perh. a different word. OE. <ets>dugen</ets>, <ets>dowen</ets>, to avail, be of use, AS. <ets>dugan</ets>. See <er>Doughty</er>.]</ety> <def>To succeed; to avail; to answer the purpose; to serve; <as>as, if no better plan can be found, he will make this <ex>do</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>You would do well to prefer a bill against all kings and parliaments since the Conquest; and if that won't <b>do</b>; challenge the crown.
<i> Collier.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To do by</col>. <cd>See under <er>By</er>.</cd> -- <col>To do for</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To answer for; to serve as; to suit.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To put an end to; to ruin; to baffle completely; as, a goblet is <i>done for<i> when it is broken. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd>

<blockquote>Some folks are happy and easy in mind when their victim is stabbed and <b>done for</b>.
<i> Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To do withal</col>, <cd>to help or prevent it.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "I could not do <i>withal</i>." <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>To do without</col>, <cd>to get along without; to dispense with.</cd> -- <col>To have done</col>, <cd>to have made an end or conclusion; to have finished; to be quit; to desist.</cd> -- <col>To have done with</col>, <cd>to have completed; to be through with; to have no further concern with.</cd> -- <col>Well to do</col>, <cd>in easy circumstances.</cd></cs>

<h1>Do</h1>
<Xpage=440>

<hw>Do</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> Deed; act; fear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ado; bustle; stir; to do.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A great deal of <b>do</b>, and a great deal of trouble.
<i> Selden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A cheat; a swindle.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Doab</h1>
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<hw>Do"ab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[Pers. & Hind. <ets>do\'beb</ets>, prop., two waters.]</ety> <def>A tongue or tract of land included between two rivers; <as>as, the <ex>doab</ex> between the Ganges and the Jumna</as>.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<i>Am. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Doable</h1>
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<hw>Do"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being done.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Do-all</h1>
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<hw>Do"-all`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>General manager; factotum.</def>

<blockquote>Under him, Dunstan was the <b>do-all</b> at court, being the king's treasurer, councilor, chancellor, confessor, all things.
<i> Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doand</h1>
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<hw>Do"and</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. pr.</tt> <def>Doing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Doat</h1>
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<hw>Doat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Dote</er>.</def>

<h1>Dobber</h1>
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<hw>Dob"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dabchick</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A float to a fishing line.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Dobbin</h1>
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<hw>Dob"bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An old jaded horse.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sea gravel mixed with sand.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Dobchick</h1>
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<hw>Dob"chick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dabchick</er>.</def>

<h1>Dobson</h1>
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<hw>Dob"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The aquatic larva of a large neuropterous insect (<spn>Corydalus cornutus</spn>), used as bait in angling. See <er>Hellgamite</er>.</def>

<h1>Dobule</h1>
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<hw>Dob"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European dace.</def>

<h1>Docent</h1>
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<hw>Do"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>docens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>docere</ets> to teach.]</ety> <def>Serving to instruct; teaching.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Docet\'91</h1>
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<hw>Do*ce"t\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <?/ to appear.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>Ancient heretics who held that Christ's body was merely a phantom or appearance.</def>

<h1>Docetic</h1>
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<hw>Do*cet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, held by, or like, the Docet\'91.</def> "<i>Docetic</i> Gnosticism."

<i> Plumptre.</i>

<h1>Docetism</h1>
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<hw>Doc"e*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>The doctrine of the Docet\'91.</def>

<h1>Dochmiac</h1>
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<hw>Doch"mi*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, the dochmius.</def>

<h1>Dochmius</h1>
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<hw>Doch"mi*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A foot of five syllables (usually <?/ -- -<?/ -).</def>

<h1>Docibility, Docibleness</h1>
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<hw><hw>Doc`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Doc"i*ble*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>docibilitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Aptness for being taught; teachableness; docility.</def>

<blockquote>To persons of <b>docibility</b>, the real character may be easily taught in a few days.

<i>Boyle.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>docibleness</b> of dogs in general.
<i>Walton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Docible</h1>
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<hw>Doc"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>docibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>docere</ets> to teach.]</ety> <def>Easily taught or managed; teachable.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Docile</h1>
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<hw>Doc"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>docilis</ets>,fr.  <ets>docere</ets> to teach; cf. Gr. <?/, and L.  <ets>discere</ets> to learn, Gr. <?/ learned, <?/ knowing: cf. F. <ets>docile</ets>. Cf. <er>Doctor</er>, <er>Didactic</er>, <er>Disciple</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Teachable; easy to teach; docible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disposed to be taught; tractable; easily managed; <as>as, a <ex>docile</ex> child</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The elephant is at once docible and <b>docile</b>.
<i> C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Docility</h1>
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<hw>Do*cil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>docilitas</ets>, fr. <ets>docilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>docilit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>teachableness; aptness for being taught; docibleness.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Willingness to be taught; tractableness.</def>

<blockquote>The humble <b>docility</b> of little children is, in the New Testament, represented as a necessary preparative to the reception of the Christian faith.
<i> Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Docimacy</h1>
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<hw>Doc"i*ma*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an assay, examination, fr. <?/ to examine (Metals), fr. <?/ assayed, tested, fr. <?/ to take, approve: cf. F. <ets>docimasie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or practice of applying tests to ascertain the nature, quality, etc., of objects, as of metals or ores, of medicines, or of facts pertaining to physiology.</def>

<h1>Docimastic</h1>
<Xpage=440>

<hw>Doc`i*mas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>docimastique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Proving by experiments or tests.</def>

<cs><col>Docimastic art</col>, <cd>metallurgy, or the art of assaying metals; the art of separating metals from foreign matters, and determining the nature and quantity of metallic substances contained in any ore or mineral.</cd></cs>

<h1>Docimology</h1>
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<hw>Doc`i*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a test + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on the art of testing, as in assaying metals, etc.</def>

<h1>Docity</h1>
<Xpage=440>

<hw>Doc"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Teachableness.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Dock</h1>
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<hw>Dock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>docce</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. G. <ets>docken-</ets>bl\'84tter, Gael. <ets>dogha</ets> burdock, OF. <ets>doque</ets>; perh. akin to L. <ets>daucus</ets>, <ets>daucum</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, a kind of parsnip or carrot, used in medicine. Cf. <er>Burdock</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants (<spn>Rumex</spn>), some species of which are well-known weeds which have a long taproot and are difficult of extermination.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Yellow dock</i> is <spn>Rumex crispus</spn>, with smooth curly leaves and yellow root, which that of other species is used medicinally as an astringent and tonic.</note>

<h1>Dock</h1>
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<hw>Dock</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>dockr</ets> a short tail, Fries. <ets>dok</ets> a little bundle or bunch, G. <ets>docke</ets> bundle, skein, a short and thick column.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The solid part of an animal's tail, as distinguished from the hair; the stump of a tail; the part of a tail left after clipping or cutting.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A case of leather to cover the clipped or cut tail of a horse.</def>

<h1>Dock</h1>
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<hw>Dock</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Docked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Docking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Dock</er> a tail. Cf. W.  <ets>tociaw</ets>, and <ets>twciaw</ets>, to dock, clip.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>to cut off, as the end of a thing; to curtail; to cut short; to clip; <as>as, to <ex>dock</ex> the tail of a horse</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His top was <b>docked</b> like a priest biforn.
<i> Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cut off a part from; to shorten; to deduct from; to subject to a deduction; <as>as, to <ex>dock</ex> one's wages</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cut off, bar, or destroy; <as>as, to <ex>dock</ex> an entail</as>.</def>

<h1>Dock</h1>
<Xpage=440>

<hw>Dock</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>dok</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. LL. <ets>doga</ets> ditch, L. <ets>doga</ets> ditch, L. <ets>doga</ets> sort of vessel, Gr. <?/ receptacle, fr. <?/ to receive.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An artificial basin or an inclosure in connection with a harbor or river, -- used for the reception of vessels, and provided with gates for keeping in or shutting out the tide.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The slip or water way extending between two piers or projecting wharves, for the reception of ships; -- sometimes including the piers themselves; <as>as, to be down on the <ex>dock</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The place in court where a criminal or accused person stands.</def>

<cs><col>Balance dock</col>, <cd>a kind of <i>floating dock<i> which is kept level by pumping water out of, or letting it into, the compartments of side chambers.</cd> -- <col>Dry dock</col>, <cd>a dock from which the water may be shut or pumped out, especially, one in the form of a chamber having walls and floor, often of masonry and communicating with deep water, but having appliances for excluding it; -- used in constructing or repairing ships. The name includes structures used for the examination, repairing, or building of vessels, as <i>graving docks<i>, <i>floating docks<i>, <i>hydraulic docks<i>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Floating dock</col>, <cd>a dock which is made to become buoyant, and, by floating, to lift a vessel out of water.</cd> -- <col>Graving dock</col>, <cd>a dock for holding a ship for graving or cleaning the bottom, etc.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic dock</col>, <cd>a dock in which a vessel is raised clear of the water by hydraulic presses.</cd> -- <col>Naval dock</col>, <cd>a dock connected with which are naval stores, materials, and all conveniences for the construction and repair of ships.</cd> -- <col>Sectional dock</col>, <cd>a form of <i>floating dock<i> made in separate sections or caissons.</cd> -- <col>Slip dock</col>, <cd>a dock having a sloping floor that extends from deep water to above high-water mark, and upon which is a railway on which runs a cradle carrying the ship.</cd> -- <col>Wet dock</col>, <cd>a dock where the water is shut in, and kept at a given level, to facilitate the loading and unloading of ships; -- also sometimes used as a place of safety; a basin.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dock</h1>
<Xpage=440>

<hw>Dock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To draw, law, or place (a ship) in a dock, for repairing, cleaning the bottom, etc.</def>

<h1>Dockage</h1>
<Xpage=440>

<hw>Dock"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A charge for the use of a dock.</def>

<h1>Dock-cress</h1>
<Xpage=440>

<hw>Dock"-cress`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Nipplewort.</def>

<h1>Docket</h1>
<Xpage=440>

<hw>Dock"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dock</ets> to cut off + dim. suffix <ets>-et</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A small piece of paper or parchment, containing the heads of a writing; a summary or digest.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bill tied to goods, containing some direction, as the name of the owner, or the place to which they are to be sent; a label.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An abridged entry of a judgment or proceeding in an action, or register or such entries; a book of original, kept by clerks of courts, containing a formal list of the names of parties, and minutes of the proceedings, in each case in court</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> (<mark>U. S</mark>.) <def>A list or calendar of causes ready for hearing or trial, prepared for the use of courts by the clerks.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A list or calendar of business matters to be acted on in any assembly.</def>

<cs><col>On the docket</col>, <cd>in hand; in the plan; under consideration; in process of execution or performance. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Docket</h1>
<Xpage=440>

<hw>Dock"et</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Docketed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Docketing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a brief abstract of  (a writing) and indorse it on the back of the paper, or to indorse the title or contents on the back of; to summarize; <as>as, to <ex>docket</ex> letters and papers</as>.</def>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To make a brief abstract of and inscribe in a book; <as>as, judgments regularly <ex>docketed</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To enter or inscribe in a docket, or list of causes for trial.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To mark with a ticket; <as>as, to <ex>docket</ex> goods</as>.</def>

<h1>Dockyard</h1>
<Xpage=440>

<hw>Dock"yard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A yard or storage place for all sorts of naval stores and timber for shipbuilding.</def>

<h1>Docoglossa</h1>
<Xpage=440>

<hw>Doc`o*glos"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a beam + <?/ the tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of gastropods, including the true limpets, and having the teeth on the odontophore or lingual ribbon.</def>

<h1>Docquet</h1>
<Xpage=440>

<hw>Doc"quet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Docket</er>.</def>

<h1>Doctor</h1>
<Xpage=440>

<hw>Doc"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>doctur</ets>, L. <ets>doctor</ets>, teacher, fr. <ets>docere</ets> to teach. See <er>Docile</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A teacher; one skilled in a profession, or branch of knowledge learned man.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>One of the <b>doctors</b> of Italy, Nicholas Macciavel.
<i> Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An academical title, originally meaning a men so well versed in his department as to be qualified to teach it. Hence: One who has taken the highest degree conferred by a university or college, or has received a diploma of the highest degree; <as>as, a <ex>doctor</ex> of divinity, of law, of medicine, of music, or of philosophy</as>. Such diplomas may confer an honorary title only.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One duly licensed to practice medicine; a member of the medical profession; a physician.</def>

<blockquote>By medicine life may be prolonged, yet death
Will seize the <b>doctor</b> too.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any mechanical contrivance intended to remedy a difficulty or serve some purpose in an exigency; <as>as, the <ex>doctor</ex> of a calico-printing machine, which is a knife to remove superfluous coloring matter; the <ex>doctor</ex>, or auxiliary engine, called also <stype>donkey engine</stype>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The friar skate.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>Doctors' Commons</col>. <cd>See under <er>Commons</er>.</cd> -- <col>Doctor's stuff</col>, <cd>physic, medicine. <i>G. Eliot</i>.</cd> -- <col>Doctor fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,  <cd>any fish of the genus <spn>Acanthurus</spn>; the surgeon fish; -- so called from a sharp lancetlike spine on each side of the tail. Also called <altname>barber fish</altname>. See <er>Surgeon fish</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Doctor</h1>
<Xpage=440>

<hw>Doc"tor</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Doctored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Doctoring</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To treat as a physician does; to apply remedies to; to repair; <as>as, to <ex>doctor</ex> a sick man or a broken cart</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To confer a doctorate upon; to make a doctor.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To tamper with and arrange for one's own purposes; to falsify; to adulterate; <as>as, to <ex>doctor</ex> election returns; to <ex>doctor</ex> whisky.</as></def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Doctor</h1>
<Xpage=440>

<hw>Doc"tor</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To practice physic.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Doctoral</h1>
<Xpage=440>

<hw>Doc"tor*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>doctoral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to a doctor, or to the degree of doctor.</def>

<blockquote><b>Doctoral</b> habit and square cap.
<i> Wood.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doctorally</h1>
<Xpage=440>

<hw>Doc"tor*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a doctor.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="441">
Page 441<p>

<h1>Doctorate</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doc"tor*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>doctorat</ets>.]</ety> <def>The degree, title, or rank, of a doctor.</def>

<h1>Doctorate</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doc"tor*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make (one) a doctor.</def>

<blockquote>He was bred . . . in Oxford and there <b>doctorated</b>.
<i> Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doctoress</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doc"tor*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female doctor.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Doctorly</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doc"tor*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a doctor or learned man.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Doctorly</i> prelates."

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Doctorship</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doc"tor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Doctorate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<h1>Doctress</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doc"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female doctor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Doctrinable</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doc"tri*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of, or constituting, doctrine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Doctrinaire</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doc`tri*naire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Doctrine</er>.]</ety> <def>One who would apply to political or other practical concerns the abstract doctrines or the theories of his own philosophical system; a propounder of a new set of opinions; a dogmatic theorist. Used also adjectively; <as>as, <ex>doctrinaire</ex> notions</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; In french history, the <i>Doctrinaires</i> were a constitutionalist party which originated after the restoration of the Bourbons, and represented the interests of liberalism and progress. After the Revolution of July, 1830, when they came into power, they assumed a conservative position in antagonism with the republicans and radicals.</note>

<i>Am. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Doctrinal</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doc"tri*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>doctrinalis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>doctrina</ets>: cf. F. <ets>doctrinal</ets>. See <er>Doctrine</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, doctrine or something taught and to be believed; <as>as, a <ex>doctrinal</ex> observation</as>.</def> "<i>Doctrinal</i> clauses."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or having to do with, teaching.</def>

<blockquote>The word of God serveth no otherwise than in the nature of a <b>doctrinal</b> instrument.
<i> Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doctrinal</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doc"tri*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A matter of doctrine; also, a system of doctrines.</def>

<i>T. Goodwin. Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Doctrinally</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doc"tri*nal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a doctrinal manner or for; by way of teaching or positive direction.</def>

<h1>Doctrinarian</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doc"tri*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A doctrinaire.</def>

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<h1>Doctrinarianism</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doc`tri*na"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles or practices of the Doctrinaires.</def>

<h1>Doctrine</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doc"trine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>doctrine</ets>, L. <ets>doctrina</ets>, fr. <ets>doctor</ets>. See <er>Doctor</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Teaching; instruction.</def>

<blockquote>He taught them many things by parables, and said unto them in his <b>doctrine</b>, Hearken.
<i> Mark iv. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is taught; what is held, put forth as true, and supported by a teacher, a school, or a sect; a principle or position, or the body of principles, in any branch of knowledge; any tenet or dogma; a principle of faith; <as>as, the <ex>doctrine</ex> of atoms; the <ex>doctrine</ex> of chances.</as></def> "The <i>doctrine</i> of gravitation."

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<blockquote>Articles of faith and <b>doctrine</b>.
<i> Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The Monroe doctrine</col> <fld>(Politics)</fld>, <cd>a policy enunciated by President Monroe (Message, Dec. 2, 1823), the essential feature of which is that the United States will regard as an unfriendly act any attempt on the part of European powers to extend their systems on this continent, or any interference to oppress, or in any manner control the destiny of, governments whose independence had been acknowledged by the United States.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Precept; tenet; principle; maxim; dogma.</syn>  <usage>-- <er>Doctrine</er>, <er>Precept</er>. <i>Doctrine</i> denotes whatever is recommended as a speculative truth to the belief of others. <i>Precept</i> is a rule down to be obeyed. <i>Doctrine</i> supposes a teacher; <i>precept</i> supposes a superior, with a right to command. The <i>doctrines</i> of the Bible; the <i>precepts</i> of our holy religion.</usage>

<blockquote>Unpracticed he to fawn or seek for power
By <b>doctrines</b> fashioned to the varying hour.
<i> Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Document</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doc"u*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>documentum</ets>, fr. <ets>docere</ets> to teach: cf. F. <ets>document</ets>. See <er>Docile</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is taught or authoritatively set forth; precept; instruction; dogma.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Learners should not be too much crowded with a heap or multitude of <b>documents</b> or ideas at one time.
<i> I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An example for instruction or warning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They were forth with stoned to death, as a <b>document</b> to others.
<i> Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An original or official paper relied upon as the basis, proof, or support of anything else; -- in its most extended sense, including any writing, book, or other instrument conveying information in the case; any material substance on which the thoughts of men are represented by any species of conventional mark or symbol.</def>

<blockquote>Saint Luke . . . collected them from such <b>documents</b> and testimonies as he . . . judged to be authentic.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Document</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doc"u*ment</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To teach; to school.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I am finely <b>documented</b> by my own daughter.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with documents or papers necessary to establish facts or give information; <as>as, a a ship should be <ex>documented</ex> according to the directions of law</as>.</def>

<h1>Documental</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doc`u*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to instruction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to written evidence; documentary; <as>as, <ex>documental</ex> testimony</as>.</def>

<h1>Documentary</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doc`u*men"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to written evidence; contained or certified in writing.</def> "<i>Documentary</i> evidence."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Dodd, Dod</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw><hw>Dodd</hw>, <hw>Dod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dodden</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cut off, as wool from sheep's tails; to lop or clip off.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Doddart</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Dod"dart</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A game much like hockey, played in an open field; also, the, bent stick for playing the game.</def> <mark>[Local, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Dodded</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Dod"ded</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dodd</er>.]</ety> <def>Without horns; <as>as, <ex>dodded</ex> cattle</as>; without beards; <as>as, <ex>dodded</ex> corn</as>.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Dodder</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Dod"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>dodder</ets>, Sw. <ets>dodra</ets>, G. <ets>dotter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Cuscuta</spn>. It is a leafless parasitical vine with yellowish threadlike stems. It attaches itself to some other plant, as to flax, goldenrod, etc., and decaying at the root. is nourished by the plant that supports it.</def>

<h1>Dodder</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Dod"der</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>dyderian</ets> to deceive, delude, and E. <ets>didder</ets>, <ets>dudder</ets>.]</ety> <def>To shake, tremble, or totter.</def> "The <i>doddering</i> mast."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Doddered</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Dod"dered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shattered; infirm.</def> "A laurel grew, <i>doddered</i> with age."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Dodecagon</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Do*dec"a*gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ twelve + <?/ angle: cf. F. <ets>dod\'82cagone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A figure or polygon bounded by twelve sides and containing twelve angles.</def>

<h1>Dodecagynia</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Do*dec`a*gyn"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ twelve + <?/ woman, female.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an order of plants having twelve styles.</def>

<h1>Dodecagynian, Dodecagynous</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw><hw>Do*dec`a*gyn"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Do`de*cag"y*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Dodecagynia; having twelve styles.</def>

<h1>Dodecahedral</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Do*dec`a*he"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or like, a dodecahedion; consisting of twelve equal sides.</def>

<cs><col>Dodecahedral cleavage</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cleavage</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dodecahedron</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Do*dec`a*he"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ twelve + <?/ seat, bottom, base: cf. F. <ets>dod\'82ca\'8adre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom. & Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A solid having twelve faces.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>regular dodecahedron</i> is bounded by twelve equal and regular pentagons; the pyritohedron (see <er>Pyritohedron</er>) is related to it; the <i>rhombic dodecahedron</i> is bounded by twelve equal rhombic faces.</note>

<h1>Dodecandria</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Do`de*can"dri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ twelve + <?/, <?/, man, male.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an class of plants including all that have any number of stamens between twelve and nineteen.</def>

<h1>Dodecandrian, Dodecandrous</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw><hw>Do`de*can"dri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Do`de*can"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Dodecandria; having twelve stamens, or from twelve to nineteen.</def>

<h1>Dodecane</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Do"de*cane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ twelve.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a group of thick oily hydrocarbons, <chform>C12H26</chform>, of the paraffin series.</def>

<h1>Dodecastyle</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Do*dec"a*style</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ twelve + <?/ column: cf. F. <ets>dod\'82castyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Having twelve columns in front.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A dodecastyle portico, or building.</def></def2>

<h1>Dodecasyllabic</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Do*dec`a*syl*lab"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ twelve + E. <ets>syllabic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having twelve syllables.</def>

<h1>Dodecasyllable</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Do*dec"a*syl`la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A word consisting of twelve syllables.</def>

<h1>Dodecatemory</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Do*dec`a*tem"o*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ twelve + <?/, dim. of <?/ part: cf. F. <ets>dod\'82cat\'82morie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A tern applied to the twelve houses, or parts, of the zodiac of the <i>primum mobile</i>, to distinguish them from the twelve signs; also, any one of the twelve signs of the zodiac.</def>

<h1>Dodge</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Dodge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dodged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dodging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of uncertain origin: cf. <ets>dodder</ets>, v., <ets>daddle</ets>, dade, or <ets>dog</ets>, v. t.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To start suddenly aside, as to avoid a blow or a missile; to shift place by a sudden start.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To evade a duty by low craft; to practice mean shifts; to use tricky devices; to play fast and loose; to quibble.</def>

<blockquote>Some <b>dodging</b> casuist with more craft than sincerity.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dodge</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Dodge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To evade by a sudden shift of place; to escape by starting aside; <as>as, to <ex>dodge</ex> a blow aimed or a ball thrown</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To evade by craft; <as>as, to <ex>dodge</ex> a question; to <ex>dodge</ex> responsibility.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>S. G. Goodrich.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To follow by dodging, or suddenly shifting from place to place.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Dodge</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Dodge</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of evading by some skillful movement; a sudden starting aside; hence, an artful device to evade, deceive, or cheat; a cunning trick; an artifice.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some, who have a taste for good living, have many harmless arts, by which they improve their banquet, and innocent <b>dodges</b>, if we may be permitted to use an excellent phrase that has become vernacular since the appearance of the last dictionaries.
<i> Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dodger</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Dodg"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who dodges or evades; one who plays fast and loose, or uses tricky devices.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small handbill.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>See <er>Corndodger</er>.</def>

<h1>Dodgery</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Dodg"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>trickery; artifice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hacket.</i>

<h1>Dodipate, Dodipoll</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw><hw>Dod"i*pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dod"i*poll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. fr. OE. <ets>dodden</ets> to cut off, to shear, and first applied to shaven-polled priests.]</ety> <def>A stupid person; a fool; a blockhead.</def>

<blockquote>Some will say, our curate is naught, an ass-head, a <b>dodipoll</b>.

<i> Latimer.</i>

<h1>Dodkin</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Dod"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>duitken</ets>, dim. of <ets>duit</ets>. See <er>Doit</er>, and cf. <er>Doitkin</er>.]</ety> <def>A doit; a small coin.</def>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Dodman</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Dod"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A snail; also, a snail shell; a hodmandod.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any shellfish which casts its shell, as a lobster.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Dodo</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Do"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dodoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Said to be fr. Pg. <ets>doudo</ets> silly, foolish (cf. <er>Booby</er>); this is fr. Prov. E. <ets>dold</ets>, the same word as E. <ets>dolt</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, extinct bird (<spn>Didus ineptus</spn>), formerly inhabiting the Island of Mauritius. It had short, half-fledged wings, like those of the ostrich, and a short neck and legs; -- called also <altname>dronte</altname>. It was related to the pigeons.</def>

<h1>Doe</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>d\'be</ets>; cf. Dan. <ets>daa</ets>, <ets>daa-</ets>dyr, deer, and perh. L. <ets>dama</ets>. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A female deer or antelope; specifically, the female of the fallow deer, of which the male is called a <i>buck</i>.  Also applied to the female of other animals, as the rabbit. See the Note under <er>Buck</er>.</def>

<h1>Doe</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A feat. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Do</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>D\'d2glic</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>D\'d2g"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, the d\'d2gling; <as>as, <ex>d\'d2glic</ex> acid (<fld>Chem</fld>.), an oily substance resembling oleic acid.</as></def>

<h1>D\'d2gling</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>D\'d2g"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name in Faroe Islands.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The beaked whale (<spn>Bal\'91noptera rostrata</spn>), from which d\'d2gling oil is obtained.</def>

<h1>Doer</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Do"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>m.</tt> <ety>[From Do, <tt>v. t.</tt> & <ets>i</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who does; one performs or executes; one who is wont and ready to act; an actor; an agent.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>doers</b> of the law shall be justified.
<i> Rom. ii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>An agent or attorney; a factor.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Does</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Does</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The <tt>3d pers. sing. pres.</tt> of <er>Do</er>.</def>

<h1>Doeskin</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doe"skin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The skin of the doe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A firm woolen cloth with a smooth, soft surface like a doe's skin; -- made for men's wear.</def>

<h1>Doff</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Doffed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Doffing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Do</ets> + <ets>off</ets>. See <er>Do</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <ets>7</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To put off, as dress; to divest one's self of; hence, figuratively, to put or thrust away; to rid one's self of.</def>

And made us <b>doff</b> our easy robes of peace.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>At night, or in the rain,
He dons a surcoat which he <b>doffs</b> at morn.
<i> Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strip; to divest; to undress.</def>

<blockquote>Heaven's King, who <b>doffs</b> himself our flesh to wear.
<i> Crashaw.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doff</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doff</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To put off dress; to take off the hat.</def>

<h1>Doffer</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Doff"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A revolving cylinder, or a vibrating bar with teeth, in a carding machine, which doffs, or strips off, the cotton from the cards.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Dog</h1>
<Xpage=441>

<hw>Dog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>docga</ets>; akin to D. <ets>dog</ets> mastiff, Dan. <ets>dogge</ets>, Sw. <ets>dogg</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A quadruped of the genus <spn>Canis</spn>, esp. the domestic dog (<spn>C. familiaris</spn>).</def> <note>The dog is distinguished above all others of the inferior animals for intelligence, docility, and attachment to man. There are numerous carefully bred varieties, as the beagle, bloodhound, bulldog, coachdog, collie, Danish dog, foxhound, greyhound, mastiff, pointer, poodle, St. Bernard, setter, spaniel, spitz dog, terrier, etc. There are also many mixed breeds, and partially domesticated varieties, as well as wild dogs, like the dingo and dhole. (See these names in the Vocabulary.)</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mean, worthless fellow; a wretch.</def>

<blockquote>What is thy servant, which is but a <b>dog</b>, that he should do this great thing?
<i> 2 Kings viii. 13 (Rev. Ver. )</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A fellow; -- used humorously or contemptuously; <as>as, a sly <ex>dog</ex>; a lazy <ex>dog</ex>.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of the two constellations, <i>Canis Major</i> and <i>Canis Minor</i>, or the Greater Dog and the Lesser Dog. <i>Canis Major</i> contains the Dog Star (Sirius).</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An iron for holding wood in a fireplace; a firedog; an andiron.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A grappling iron, with a claw or claws, for fastening into wood or other heavy articles, for the purpose of raising or moving them</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An iron with fangs fastening a log in a saw pit, or on the carriage of a sawmill</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A piece in machinery acting as a catch or clutch; especially, the carrier of a lathe, also, an adjustable stop to change motion, as in a machine tool.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Dog</i> is used adjectively or in composition, commonly in the sense of <i>relating to</i>, <i>or characteristic of</i>, <i>a dog</i>. It is also used to denote a <i>male</i>; as, <i>dog</i> fox or <i>g</i>-fox, a male fox; <i>dog</i> otter or <i>dog</i>-otter, <i>dog</i> wolf, etc.; -- also to denote a <i>thing of cheap or mean quality</i>; as, <i>dog</i> Latin.</note>

<cs><col>A dead dog</col>, <cd>a thing of no use or value. <i>1 Sam. xxiv. 14</i>.</cd> -- <col>A dog in the manger</col>, <cd>an ugly-natured person who prevents others from enjoying what would be an advantage to them but is none to him.</cd> -- <col>Dog ape</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a male ape.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Dog cabbage</col>, &or; <col>Dog's cabbage</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a succulent herb, native to the Mediterranean region (<spn>Thelygonum Cynocrambe</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Dog cheap</col>, <cd>very cheap. See under <er>Cheap</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Dog ear</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an acroterium.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Dog flea</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of flea (<spn>Pulex canis</spn>) which infests dogs and cats, and is often troublesome to man. In America it is the common flea. See <er>Flea</er>, and <er>Aphaniptera</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dog grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a grass (<spn>Triticum caninum</spn>) of the same genus as wheat.</cd> -- <col>Dog Latin</col>, <cd>barbarous Latin; as, the <i>dog Latin<i> of pharmacy.</cd> -- <col>Dog lichen</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of lichen (<spn>Peltigera canina</spn>) growing on earth, rocks, and tree trunks, -- a lobed expansion, dingy green above and whitish with fuscous veins beneath.</cd> -- <col>Dog louse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a louse that infests the dog, esp. <spn>H\'91matopinus piliferus</spn>; another species is <spn>Trichodectes latus</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Dog power</col>, <cd>a machine operated by the weight of a dog traveling in a drum, or on an endless track, as for churning.</cd> -- <col>Dog salmon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a salmon of northwest America and northern Asia; -- the <altname>gorbuscha</altname>; -- called also <altname>holia</altname>, and <altname>hone</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Dog shark</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Dogfish</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dog's meat</col>, <cd>meat fit only for dogs; refuse; offal.</cd> -- <col>Dog Star</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Dog wheat</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>Dog grass.</cd> -- <col>Dog whelk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of univalve shells of the family <spn>Nassid\'91</spn>, esp. the <spn>Nassa reticulata</spn> of England.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To give, &or; throw</col>, <col>to the dogs</col></mcol>, <cd>to throw away as useless.</cd> "<i>Throw</i> physic <i>to the dogs</i>; I'll none of it." <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>To go to the dogs</col>, <cd>to go to ruin; to be ruined.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="442">
Page 442<p>

<h1>Dog</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dogged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dogging</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To hunt or track like a hound; to follow insidiously or indefatigably; to chase with a dog or dogs; to worry, as if by dogs; to hound with importunity.</def>

<blockquote>I have been pursued, <b>dogged</b>, and waylaid.
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Your sins will <b>dog</b> you, pursue you.
<i>Burroughs.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Eager ill-bred petitioners, who do not so properly supplicate as hunt the person whom they address to, <b>dogging</b> him from place to place, till they even extort an answer to their rude requests.
<i> South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dogal</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Do"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>dogalis</ets> for <ets>ducalis</ets>. See <er>Doge</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a doge.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dogate</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Do"gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dogat</ets>, It. <ets>dogato</ets>. See <er>Doge</er>, and cf. <er>Dogeate</er>.]</ety> <def>The office or dignity of a doge.</def>

<h1>Dogbane</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog"bane`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Said to be poisonous to dogs. Cf. <er>Apocynaceous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small genus of perennial herbaceous plants, with poisonous milky juice, bearing slender pods pods in pairs.</def>

<h1>Dog bee</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog" bee`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A male or drone bee.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Dogberry</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog"ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The berry of the dogwood; -- called also <altname>dogcherry</altname>.</def>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<cs><col>Dogberry tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the dogwood.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dogbolt</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog"bolt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>The bolt of the cap-square over the trunnion of a cannon.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Dog-brier</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog"-bri`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The dog-rose.</def>

<h1>Dogcart</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog"cart`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A light one-horse carriage, commonly two-wheeled, patterned after a cart. The original dogcarts used in England by sportsmen had a box at the back for carrying dogs.</def>

<h1>Dog day &or; Dogday</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw><hw>Dog" day`</hw> &or; <hw>Dog"day`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <def>One of the dog days.</def>

<cs><col>Dogday cicada</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large American cicada (<spn>C. pruinosa</spn>), which trills loudly in midsummer.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dog days</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog" days`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A period of from four to six weeks, in the summer, variously placed by almanac makers between the early part of July and the early part of September; canicular days; -- so called in reference to the rising in ancient times of the Dog Star (Sirius) with the sun. Popularly, the sultry, close part of the summer.</def>

<note>&hand; The conjunction of the rising of the Dog Star with the rising of the sun was regarded by the ancients as one of the causes of the sultry heat of summer, and of the maladies which then prevailed. But as the conjunction does not occur at the same time in all latitudes, and is not constant in the same region for a long period, there has been much variation in calendars regarding the limits of the dog days.
    The astronomer Roger Long states that in an ancient calendar in Bede (died 735) the beginning of <i>dog days</i> is placed on the 14th of July; that in a calendar prefixed to the Common Prayer, printed in the time of Queen Elizabeth, they were said to begin on the 6th of July and end on the 5th of September; that, from the Restoration (1660) to the beginning of New Style (1752), British almanacs placed the beginning on the 19th of July and the end on the 28th of August; and that after 1752 the beginning was put on the 30th of July, the end on the 7th of September.
    Some English calendars now put the beginning on July 3d, and the ending on August 11th. A popular American almanac of the present time (1890) places the beginning on the 25th of July, and the end on the 5th of September.</note>

<h1>Dogdraw</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog"draw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Forest Law)</fld> <def>The act of drawing after, or pursuing, deer with a dog.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Doge</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Doge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It <ets>doge</ets>, <ets>dogio</ets>, for <ets>duce</ets>, <ets>duca</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dux</ets>, <ets>ducis</ets>, a leader, commander. See <er>Duke</er>.]</ety> <def>The chief magistrate in the republics of Venice and Genoa.</def>

<h1>Dog-eared</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog"-eared`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the corners of the leaves turned down and soiled by careless or long-continued usage; -- said of a book.</def>

<blockquote>Statute books before unopened, not <b>dog-eared</b>.
<i>Ld. Mansfield.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dogeate</h1>
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<hw>Doge"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dogate.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Dogeless</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Doge"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a doge.</def>

<i> Byron.</i>

<h1>Dog-faced</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog"-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a face resembling that of a dog.</def>

<cs><col>Dog-faced baboon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any baboon of the genus <spn>Cynocephalus</spn>. See <er>Drill</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dog fancier</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog" fan`cier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>One who has an unusual fancy for, or interest in, dogs; also, one who deals in dogs.</def>

<h1>Dogfish</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A small shark, of many species, of the genera <spn>Mustelus</spn>, <spn>Scyllium</spn>, <spn>Spinax</spn>, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; The European spotted dogfishes (<spn>Scyllium catudus</spn>, and <spn>S. canicula</spn>) are very abundant; the American smooth, or blue dogfish is <spn>Mustelus canis</spn>; the common picked, or horned dogfish (<spn>Squalus acanthias</spn>) abundant on both sides of the Atlantic.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The bowfin (<spn>Amia calva</spn>). See <er>Bowfin</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The burbot of Lake Erie.</def>

<h1>Dog-fox</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog"-fox`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A male fox</def>. See the Note under <er>Dog</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <p><b>6.</b> <i>Sir W. Scott</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The Arctic or blue fox; -- a name also applied to species of the genus <spn>Cynalopex</spn>.</def>

<h1>Dogged</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog"ged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Fron. <er>Dog</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Sullen; morose.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The sulky spite of a temper naturally <b>dogged</b>.
<i> Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sullenly obstinate; obstinately determined or persistent; <as>as, <ex>dogged</ex> resolution; <ex>dogged</ex> work.</as></def>

<h1>Doggedly</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog"ged*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dogged manner; sullenly; with obstinate resolution.</def>

<h1>Doggedness</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog"ged*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sullenness; moroseness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sullen or obstinate determination; grim resolution or persistence.</def>

<h1>Dogger</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D., fr. <ets>dogger</ets> codfish, orig. used in the catching of codfish.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A two-masted fishing vessel, used by the Dutch.</def>

<h1>Dogger</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog"ger</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sort of stone, found in the mines with the true alum rock, chiefly of silica and iron.</def>

<h1>Doggerel</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog"ger*el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dogerel</ets>.]</ety> <def>Low in style, and irregular in measure; <as>as, <ex>doggerel</ex> rhymes</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This may well be rhyme <b>doggerel</b>, quod he.
<i> Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doggerel</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog"ger*el</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sort of loose or irregular verse; mean or undignified poetry.</def>

<blockquote><b>Doggerel</b> like that of Hudibras.
<i> Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ill-spelt lines of <b>doggerel</b> in which he expressed his reverence for the brave sufferers.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doggerman</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog"ger*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sailor belonging to a dogger.</def>

<h1>Dogget</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog"get</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Docket. See <er>Docket</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Doggish</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog"gish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a dog; having the bad qualities of a dog; churlish; growling; brutal.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dog"*gish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dog"gish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Doggrel</h1>
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<hw>Dog"grel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Doggerel</er>.</def>

<h1>Dog-headed</h1>
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<hw>Dog"-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a head shaped like that of a dog; -- said of certain baboons.</def>

<h1>Dog-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Dog"-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inhuman; cruel.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Doghole</h1>
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<hw>Dog"hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place fit only for dogs; a vile, mean habitation or apartment.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>dog-legged</h1>
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<hw>dog"-leg`ged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Arch)</fld> <def>Noting a flight of stairs, consisting of two or more straight portions connected by a platform (landing) or platforms, and running in opposite directions without an intervening wellhole.</def>

<h1>Dogma</h1>
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<hw>Dog"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Dogmas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Dogmata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>dogma</ets>, Gr. <?/, <ets>pl</ets>. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <?/ to think, seem, appear; akin to L. <ets>decet</ets> it is becoming. Cf. <er>Decent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is held as an opinion; a tenet; a doctrine.</def>

<blockquote>The obscure and loose <b>dogmas</b> of early antiquity.
<i> Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A formally stated and authoritatively settled doctrine; a definite, established, and authoritative tenet.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A doctrinal notion asserted without regard to evidence or truth; an arbitrary dictum.</def>

<syn>Syn. --  tenet; opinion; proposition; doctrine.</syn>  <usage>-- <er>Dogma</er>, <er>Tenet</er>. A <i>tenet</i> is that which is maintained as true with great firmness; <as>as, the <ex>tenets</ex> of our holy religion</as>. A <i>dogma</i> is that which is laid down with authority as indubitably true, especially a religious doctrine; <as>as, the <ex>dogmas</ex> of the church</as>. A <i>tenet</i> rests on its own intrinsic merits or demerits; a <i>dogma</i> rests on authority regarded as competent to decide and determine. <i>Dogma</i> has in our language acquired, to some extent, a repulsive sense, from its carrying with it the idea of undue authority or assumption. this is more fully the case with its derivatives <i>dogmatical</i> and <i>dogmatism</i>.</usage>

<h1>Dogmatic</h1>
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<hw>Dog*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of an ancient sect of physicians who went by general principles; -- opposed to the <i>Empiric</i>.</def>

<h1>Dogmatic, Dogmatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dog*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dog*mat`ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dogmaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>dogmatique</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to a dogma, or to an established and authorized doctrine or tenet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Asserting a thing positively and authoritatively; positive; magisterial; hence, arrogantly authoritative; overbearing.</def>

<blockquote>Critics write in a positive, <b>dogmatic</b> way.
<i> Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[They] are as assertive and <b>dogmatical</b> as if they were omniscient.
<i> Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Dogmatic theology</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Dogmatics</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Magisterial; arrogant. See <er>Magisterial</er>.</syn>

<h1>Dogmatically</h1>
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<hw>Dog*mat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dogmatic manner; positively; magisterially.</def>

<h1>Dogmaticalness</h1>
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<hw>Dog*mat"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being dogmatical; positiveness.</def>

<h1>Dogmatician</h1>
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<hw>Dog`ma*ti"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dogmatist.</def>

<h1>Dogmatics</h1>
<Xpage=442>

<hw>Dog*mat"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science which treats of Christian doctrinal theology.</def>

<h1>Dogmatism</h1>
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<hw>Dog"ma*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The manner or character of a dogmatist; arrogance or positiveness in stating opinion.</def>

<blockquote>The self-importance of his demeanor, and the <b>dogmatism</b> of his conversation.
<i> Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dogmatist</h1>
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<hw>Dog"ma*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dogmatistes</ets>, Gr. <?/ , fr. <?/.]</ety> <def>One who dogmatizes; one who speaks dogmatically; a bold and arrogant advancer of principles.</def>

<blockquote>I expect but little success of all this upon the <b>dogmatist</b>; his opinioned assurance is paramount to argument.
<i> Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dogmatize</h1>
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<hw>Dog"ma*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dogmatized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dogmatizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dogmatizare</ets> to lay down an opinion, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>dogmatiser</ets>. See <er>Dogma</er>.]</ety> <def>To assert positively; to teach magisterially or with bold and undue confidence; to advance with arrogance.</def>

<blockquote>The pride of <b>dogmatizing</b> schools.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dogmatize</h1>
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<hw>Dog"ma*tize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deliver as a dogma.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dogmatizer</h1>
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<hw>Dog"ma*ti`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dogmatizes; a bold asserter; a magisterial teacher.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Dog-rose</h1>
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<hw>Dog"-rose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A common European wild rose, with single pink or white flowers.</def>

<h1>Dog's-bane</h1>
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<hw>Dog's"-bane`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dogbane</er>.</def>

<h1>Dog's-ear</h1>
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<hw>Dog's"-ear`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The corner of a leaf, in a book, turned down like the ear of a dog.</def> <i>Gray</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Dog's"-eared`</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Dogship</h1>
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<hw>Dog"ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The character, or individuality, of a dog.</def>

<h1>Dogshore</h1>
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<hw>Dog"shore`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of several shores used to hold a ship firmly and prevent her moving while the blocks are knocked away before launching.</def>

<h1>Dogsick</h1>
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<hw>Dog"sick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sick as a dog sometimes is very sick.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Dogskin</h1>
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<hw>Dog"skin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The skin of a dog, or leather made of the skin. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Dogsleep</h1>
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<hw>Dog"sleep`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pretended sleep.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The fitful naps taken when all hands are kept up by stress.</def>

<h1>Dog's-tail grass</h1>
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<hw>Dog's"-tail grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A hardy species of British grass (<spn>Cynosurus cristatus</spn>) which abounds in grass lands, and is well suited for making straw plait; -- called also <altname>goldseed</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dog Star</h1>
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<hw>Dog" Star`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Sirius, a star of the constellation <i>Canis Major</i>, or the Greater Dog, and the brightest star in the heavens; -- called also <altname>Canicula</altname>, and, in astronomical charts, <altname>&alpha; Canis Majoris</altname>. See <er>Dog days</er>.</def>

<h1>Dog's-tongue</h1>
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<hw>Dog's"-tongue`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Hound's-tongue.</def>

<h1>Dogtie</h1>
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<hw>Dog"tie`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A cramp.</def>

<h1>Dogtooth</h1>
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<hw>Dog"tooth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dogteeth</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>See <cref>Canine tooth</cref>, under <er>Canine</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament common in Gothic architecture, consisting of pointed projections resembling teeth; -- also called <i>tooth ornament</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Dogtooth spar</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of calcite, in acute crystals, resembling the tooth of a dog. See <er>Calcite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dogtooth violet</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small, bulbous herb of the Lily family (genus <spn>Erythronium</spn>). It has two shining flat leaves and commonly one large flower.</cd> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dog's-tooth violet<asp>.]</altsp></cs>

<h1>Dogtrick</h1>
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<hw>Dog"trick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gentle trot, like that of a dog.</def>

<h1>Dogvane</h1>
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<hw>Dog"vane`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small vane of bunting, feathers, or any other light material, carried at the masthead to indicate the direction of the wind.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Dogwatch</h1>
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<hw>Dog"watch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A half watch; a watch of two hours, of which there are two, the first <i>dogwatch</i> from 4 to 6 o'clock, p.m., and the second <i>dogwatch</i> from 6 to 8 o'clock, P. M.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Dog-weary</h1>
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<hw>Dog"-wea`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Extremely weary.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dogwood</h1>
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<hw>Dog"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So named from skewers (dags) being made of it. <ets>Dr</ets>. <ets>Prior</ets>. See <er>Dag</er>, and <er>Dagger</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The <i>Cornus</i>, a genus of large shrubs or small trees, the wood of which is exceedingly hard, and serviceable for many purposes.</def>

<note>&hand; There are several species, one of which, <spn>Cornus mascula</spn>, called also <stype>cornelian cherry</stype>, bears a red acid berry. <spn>C. florida</spn> is the flowering dogwood, a small American tree with very showy blossoms.</note>

<cs><col>Dogwood tree</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The dogwood or <spn>Cornus</spn></cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A papilionaceous tree (<spn>Piscidia erythring</spn>) growing in Jamaica. It has narcotic properties; -- called also <altname>Jamaica dogwood</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dohtren</h1>
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<hw>Doh"tren</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Daughters.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Doily</h1>
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<hw>Doi"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from the name of the dealer.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of woolen stuff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Some <i>doily</i> petticoats."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>A fool and a <b>doily</b> stuff, would now and then find days of grace, and be worn for variety.
<i> Congreve.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small napkin, used at table with the fruit, etc.; -- commonly colored and fringed.</def>

<h1>Doing</h1>
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<hw>Do"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Doings</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Anything done; a deed; an action good or bad; hence, in the plural, conduct; behavior. See <er>Do</er>.</def>

<blockquote>To render an account of his <b>doings</b>.
<i> Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doit</h1>
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<hw>Doit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>duit</ets>, Icel. <ets>pveit</ets>, prop., a piece cut off. See <er>Thwaite</er> a piece of ground, <er>Thwite</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A small Dutch coin, worth about half a farthing; also, a similar small coin once used in Scotland; hence, any small piece of money.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thing of small value; <as>as, I care not a <ex>doit</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Doitkin</h1>
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<hw>Doit"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A very small coin; a doit.</def>

<h1>Dokimastic</h1>
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<hw>Dok`i*mas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Docimastic.</def>

<h1>Doko</h1>
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<hw>Do"ko</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lepidosiren</er>.</def>

<h1>Dolabra</h1>
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<hw>Do*la"bra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>dolare</ets> to hew.]</ety> <def>A rude ancient ax or hatchet, seen in museums.</def>

<h1>Dolabriform</h1>
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<hw>Do*lab"ri*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dolabra</ets> a mattock + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like the head of an ax or hatchet, as some leaves, and also certain organs of some shellfish.</def>

<h1>Dolce, Dolcemente</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dol"ce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dol`ce*men"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. L. <ets>dulcis</ets> sweet, soft.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Softly; sweetly; with soft, smooth, and delicate execution.</def>

<mhw><h1>Dolcino, &or;  Dulcino</h1>
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<hw>Dol*ci"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or;  <hw>Dul*ci"no</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>dolcigno</ets> sweetish.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A small bassoon, formerly much used.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Doldrums</h1>
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<hw>Dol"drums</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gael. <ets>doltrum</ets> grief, vexation?]</ety> <def>A part of the ocean near the equator, abounding in calms, squalls, and light, baffling winds, which sometimes prevent all progress for weeks; -- so called by sailors.</def>

<cs><col>To be in the doldrums</col>, <cd>to be in a state of listlessness ennui, or tedium.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dole</h1>
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<hw>Dole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>deol</ets>, <ets>doel</ets>, <ets>dol</ets>, OF. <ets>doel</ets>, fr. <ets>doloir</ets> to suffer, fr. L. <ets>dolere</ets>; perh. akin to <ets>dolare</ets> to hew.]</ety> <def>grief; sorrow; lamentation.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>And she died.
So that day there was <b>dole</b> in Astolat.
<i> Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dole</h1>
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<hw>Dole</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dolus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Dolus</er>.</def>

<h1>Dole</h1>
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<hw>Dole</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>d\'bel</ets> portion; same word as <ets>d<?/l</ets>. See <er>Deal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Distribution; dealing; apportionment.</def>

<blockquote>At her general <b>dole</b>,
Each receives his ancient soul.
<i> Cleveland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is dealt out; a part, share, or portion also, a scanty share or allowance.</def>

<hr>
<page="443">
Page 443<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Alms; charitable gratuity or portion.</def>

<blockquote>So sure the <b>dole</b>, so ready at their call,
They stood prepared to see the manna fall.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Heaven has in store a precious <b>dole</b>.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A boundary; a landmark.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A void space left in tillage.</def>

<i>[Prov. Eng.]</i>

<cs><col>Dole beer</col>, <cd>beer bestowed as alms.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Dole bread</col>, <cd>bread bestowed as alms.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Dole meadow</col>, <cd>a meadow in which several persons have a common right or share.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dole</h1>
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<hw>Dole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Doled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Doling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deal out in small portions; to distribute, as a dole; to deal out scantily or grudgingly.</def>

<blockquote>The supercilious condescension with which even his reputed friends <b>doled</b> out their praises to him.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doleful</h1>
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<hw>Dole"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of dole or grief; expressing or exciting sorrow; sorrowful; sad; dismal.</def>

<blockquote>With screwed face and <b>doleful</b> whine.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Regions of sorrow, <b>doleful</b> shades.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Piteous; rueful; sorrowful; woeful; melancholy; sad gloomy; dismal; dolorous; woe-begone.</syn>

- <wordforms><wf>Dole"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dole"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dolent</h1>
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<hw>Do"lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dolens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>dolere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dolent</ets>. See <er>Dole</er> sorrow.]</ety> <def>Sorrowful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Dolente</h1>
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<hw>Do*len"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Plaintively. See <er>Doloroso</er>.</def>

<h1>Dolerite</h1>
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<hw>Dol"er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ deceitful; because it was easily confounded with diorite.]</ety> <fld>(Geol. & Min.)</fld> <def>A dark-colored, basic, igneous rock, composed essentially of pyroxene and a triclinic feldspar with magnetic iron. By many authors it is considered equivalent to a coarse-grained basalt.</def>

<h1>Doleritic</h1>
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<hw>Dol`er*it"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of dolerite; <as>as, much lava is <ex>doleritic</ex> lava</as>.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Dolesome</h1>
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<hw>Dole"some</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Doleful; dismal; gloomy; sorrowful.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dole"some*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dole"some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dolf</h1>
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<hw>Dolf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Delve</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dolichocephalic, Dolichocephalous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dol`i*cho*ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dol`i*cho*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ long + <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the cranium, or skull, long to its breadth; long-headed; -- opposed to <i>brachycephalic</i>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dol`i*cho*ceph"al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> & <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dolichocephaly, Dolichocephalism</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dol`i*cho*ceph"a*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dol`i*cho*ceph"a*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dolichc\'82phalie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or condition of being dolichocephalic.</def>

<h1>Dolioform</h1>
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<hw>Do"li*o*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dolium</ets> large jar + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Barrel-shaped, or like a cask in form.</def>

<h1>Doliolum</h1>
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<hw>Do*li"o*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>doliolum</ets> a small cask.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of freeswimming oceanic tunicates, allied to <i>Salpa</i>, and having alternate generations.</def>

<h1>Do-little</h1>
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<hw>Do"-lit`tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who performs little though professing much.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Great talkers are commonly <b>dolittles</b>.
<i>Bp. Richardson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dolium</h1>
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<hw>Do"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. large jar.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of large univalve mollusks, including the partridge shell and tun shells.</def>

<h1>Doll</h1>
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<hw>Doll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A contraction of <ets>Dorothy</ets>; or less prob. an abbreviation of <ets>idol</ets>; or cf. OD. <ets>dol</ets> a whipping top, D. <ets>dollen</ets> to rave, and E. <ets>dull</ets>.]</ety> <def>A child's puppet; a toy baby for a little girl.</def>

<h1>Dollar</h1>
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<hw>Dol"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>daalder</ets>, LG. <ets>dahler</ets>, G. <ets>thaler</ets>, an abbreviation of <ets>Joachimsthaler</ets>, i. e., a piece of money first coined, about the year 1518, in the valley (G. <ets>thal</ets>) of St. <ets>Joachim</ets>, in Bohemia. See <er>Dale</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A silver coin of the United States containing 371.25 grains of silver and 41.25 grains of alloy, that is, having a total weight of 412.5 grains.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A gold coin of the United States containing 23.22 grains of gold and 2.58 grains of alloy, that is, having a total weight of 25.8 grains, nine-tenths fine. It is no longer coined.</def>

<note>&hand; Previous to 1837 the silver dollar had a larger amount of alloy, but only the same amount of silver as now, the total weight being 416 grains. The gold dollar as a distinct coin was first made in 1849. The eagles, half eagles, and quarter eagles coined before 1834 contained 24.75 grains of gold and 2.25 grains of alloy for each dollar.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A coin of the same general weight and value, though differing slightly in different countries, current in Mexico, Canada, parts of South America, also in Spain, and several other European countries.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The value of a dollar; the unit commonly employed in the United States in reckoning money values.</def>

<cs><col>Chop dollar</col>. <cd>See under 9th <er>Chop</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dollar fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fish of the United States coast (<spn>Stromateus triacanthus</spn>), having a flat, roundish form and a bright silvery luster; -- called also <altname>butterfish</altname>, and <altname>Lafayette</altname>. See <er>Butterfish</er>.</cd> -- <col>Trade dollar</col>, <cd>a silver coin formerly made at the United States mint, intended for export, and not legal tender at home. It contained 378 grains of silver and 42 grains of alloy.</cd></cs>
<-- dollar bill.  A paper note printed by the Treasury, or by on of the Federal Reserve Banks under authority of the treasury, having the value of one dollar.  Five dollar bill, ten dollar bill, etc.  Notes with the value of five, ten, etc. dollars.  See dolar bill.   Prior to 1964 such notes could be redemed for the equivalent dollar value of silver coins, but in that year the backing of the currency with silver was discontinued.  Such notes not convertible into precious metals at a fixed rate are called "fiat money", receiving their value solely from the good faith of the issuing government.  -->

<h1>Dollardee</h1>
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<hw>Dol`lar*dee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of sunfish (<spn>Lepomis pallidus</spn>), common in the United States; -- called also <altname>blue sunfish</altname>, and <altname>copper-nosed bream</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dollman</h1>
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<hw>Doll"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Dolman</er>.</def>

<h1>Dolly</h1>
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<hw>Dol"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dollies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A contrivance, turning on a vertical axis by a handle or winch, and giving a circular motion to the ore to be washed; a stirrer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A tool with an indented head for shaping the head of a rivet.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In pile driving, a block interposed between the head of the pile and the ram of the driver.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A small truck with a single wide roller used for moving heavy beams, columns, etc., in bridge building.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A compact, narrow-gauge locomotive used for moving construction trains, switching, etc.</def>

<h1>Dolly</h1>
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<hw>Dol"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A child's mane for a doll.</def>

<cs><col>Dolly shop</col>, <cd>a shop where rags, old junk, etc., are bought and sold; usually, in fact, an unlicensed pawnbroker's shop, formerly distinguished by the sign of a black doll. <mark>[England]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Dolly Varden</h1>
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<hw>Dol"ly Var"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A character in Dickens's novel "Barnaby Rudge," a beautiful, lively, and coquettish girl who wore a cherry-colored mantle and cherry-colored ribbons.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A style of light, bright-figured dress goods for women; also, a style of dress.</def>

<cs><col>Dolly Varden trout</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a trout of northwest America; -- called also <altname>bull trout</altname>, <altname>malma</altname>, and <altname>red-spotted trout</altname>. See <er>Malma</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dolman</h1>
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<hw>Dol"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk. <ets>d<?/l\'bem\'ben</ets>: cf. F. <ets>doliman</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A long robe or outer garment, with long sleeves, worn by the Turks.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>doliman</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cloak of a peculiar fashion worn by women.</def>

<h1>Dolmen</h1>
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<hw>Dol"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Armor. <ets>taol</ets>, <ets>tol</ets>, table + <ets>mean</ets>, <ets>maen</ets>, <ets>men</ets>, stone: cf. F. <ets>dolmen</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cromlech. See <er>Cromlech</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>tolmen</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Dolomite</h1>
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<hw>Dol"o*mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[After the French geologist <ets>Dolomieu</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol. & Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral consisting of the carbonate of lime and magnesia in varying proportions. It occurs in distinct crystals, and in extensive beds as a compact limestone, often crystalline granular, either white or clouded. It includes much of the common white marble. Also called <altname>bitter spar</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dolomitic</h1>
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<hw>Dol`o*mit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to dolomite.</def>

<h1>Dolomize</h1>
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<hw>Dol"o*mize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To convert into dolomite.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dol`o*mi*za"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dolor</h1>
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<hw>Do"lor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dolor</ets>, <ets>dolur</ets>, <ets>dolour</ets>, F. <ets>douleur</ets>, L. <ets>dolor</ets>, fr. <ets>dolere</ets>. See 1st <er>Dole</er>.]</ety> <def>Pain; grief; distress; anguish.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dolour</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Of death and <b>dolor</b> telling sad tidings.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doloriferous</h1>
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<hw>Dol`or*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dolor</ets> pain + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing pain.</def>

<i>Whitaker.</i>

<h1>Dolorific, Dolorifical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dol`or*if"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dol`or*if"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>dolorificus</ets>; L. <ets>dolor</ets> pain + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Causing pain or grief.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Doloroso</h1>
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<hw>Do`lo*ro"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Plaintive; pathetic; -- used adverbially as a musical direction.</def>

<h1>Dolorous</h1>
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<hw>Dol"or*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dolorosus</ets>, from <ets>dolor</ets>: cf. F. <ets>douloureux</ets>. See <er>Dolor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of grief; sad; sorrowful; doleful; dismal; <as>as, a <ex>dolorous</ex> object; <ex>dolorous</ex> discourses.</as></def>

<blockquote>You take me in too <b>dolorous</b> a sense;
I spake to you for your comfort.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Occasioning pain or grief; painful.</def>

<blockquote>Their dispatch is quick, and less <b>dolorous</b> than the paw of the bear or teeth of the lion.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dol"or*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dol"or*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dolphin</h1>
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<hw>Dol"phin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>dauphin</ets> dolphin, dauphin, earlier spelt also <ets>doffin</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>dalphinal</ets> of the dauphin; fr. L. <ets>delphinus</ets>, Gr. <?/ a dolphin (in senses 1, 2, & 5), perh. properly, belly fish; cf. <?/ womb, Skr. <ets>garbha</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>calf</ets>. Cf. <er>Dauphin</er>, <er>Delphine</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cetacean of the genus <spn>Delphinus</spn> and allied genera (esp. <spn>D. delphis</spn>); the true dolphin</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The <spn>Coryph\'91na hippuris</spn>, a fish of about five feet in length, celebrated for its surprising changes of color when dying. It is the fish commonly known as the dolphin. See <er>Coryph\'91noid</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The dolphin of the ancients (<spn>D. delphis</spn>) is common in the Mediterranean and Atlantic, and attains a length of from six to eight feet.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Gr. <?/]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A mass of iron or lead hung from the yardarm, in readiness to be dropped on the deck of an enemy's vessel.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A kind of wreath or strap of plaited cordage.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A spar or buoy held by an anchor and furnished with a ring to which ships may fasten their cables.</def> <i>R. H. Dana</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A mooring post on a wharf or beach.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A permanent fender around a heavy boat just below the gunwale.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>In old ordnance, one of the handles above the trunnions by which the gun was lifted.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A small constellation between Aquila and Pegasus. See <er>Delphinus</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <p><b>2</b>.</def>

<cs><col>Dolphin fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the black, bean, or collier, Aphis (<spn>Aphis fable</spn>), destructive to beans.</cd> -- <col>Dolphin striker</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a short vertical spar under the bowsprit.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dolphinet</h1>
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<hw>Dol"phin*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female dolphin.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Dolt</h1>
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<hw>Dolt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dulte</ets>, prop. p. p. of <ets>dullen</ets> to dull. See <er>Dull</er>.]</ety> <def>A heavy, stupid fellow; a blockhead; a numskull; an ignoramus; a dunce; a dullard.</def>

<blockquote>This Puck seems but a dreaming <b>dolt</b>.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dolt</h1>
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<hw>Dolt</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To behave foolishly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Doltish</h1>
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<hw>Dolt"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Doltlike; dull in intellect; stupid; blockish; <as>as, a <ex>doltish</ex> clown</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dolt"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dolt"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dolus</h1>
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<hw>Do"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., deceit; akin to Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Evil intent, embracing both malice and fraud. See <er>Culpa</er>.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Dolven</h1>
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<hw>Dolv"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Delve</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>-dom</h1>
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<hw>-dom</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>A suffix denoting</def>: <sd>(a)</sd> <def><i>Jurisdiction</i> or <i>property and jurisdiction</i>, <i>dominion</i>, as in king<i>dom</i> earl<i>dom</i></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def><i>State</i>, <i>condition</i>, or <i>quality of being</i>, as in wis<i>dom</i>, free<i>dom</i></def>. <note>It is from the same root as <i>doom</i> meaning <i>authority</i> and <i>judgment</i>. <i><?/</i>. See <er>Doom</er>.</note>

<h1>Dom</h1>
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<hw>Dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. See <er>Don</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A title anciently given to the pope, and later to other church dignitaries and some monastic orders. See <er>Don</er>, and <er>Dan</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In Portugal and Brazil, the title given to a member of the higher classes.</def>

<h1>Domable</h1>
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<hw>Dom"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>domabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>domare</ets> to tame.]</ety> <def>Capable of being tamed; tamable.</def>

<h1>Domableness</h1>
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<hw>Dom"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Tamableness.</def>

<h1>Domage</h1>
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<hw>Dom"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Damage</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Damage; hurt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Subjugation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hobbes.</i>

<h1>Domain</h1>
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<hw>Do*main"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>domaine</ets>, OF. <ets>demaine</ets>, L. <ets>dominium</ets>, property, right of ownership, fr. <ets>dominus</ets> master, owner. See <er>Dame</er>, and cf <er>Demesne</er>, <er>Dungeon</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Dominion; empire; authority.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The territory over which dominion or authority is exerted; the possessions of a sovereign or commonwealth, or the like. Also used figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>domain</b> of authentic history.
<i>E. Everett.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>domain</b> over which the poetic spirit ranges.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Landed property; estate; especially, the land about the mansion house of a lord, and in his immediate occupancy; demesne.</def>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Ownership of land; an estate or patrimony which one has in his own right; absolute proprietorship; paramount or sovereign ownership.</def>

<cs><col>Public domain</col>, <cd>the territory belonging to a State or to the general government; public lands.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark><-- 2. the situation (status) of intellectual property which is not protected by copyright, patent or other restriction on use.  Anything <col>in the public domain</col> may be used by anyone wihout restriction. --> -- <col>Right of eminent domain</col></mcol>, <cd>that superior dominion of the sovereign power over all the property within the state, including that previously granted by itself, which authorizes it to appropriate any part thereof to a necessary public use, reasonable compensation being made.</cd></cs>

<h1>Domal</h1>
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<hw>Do"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>domus</ets> house.]</ety> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a house.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Domanial</h1>
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<hw>Do*ma"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to a domain or to domains.</def>

<h1>Dome</h1>
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<hw>Dome</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>d\'93me</ets>, It. <ets>duomo</ets>, fr. L. <ets>domus</ets> a house, <ets>domus Dei</ets> or <ets>Domini</ets>, house of the Lord, house of God; akin to Gr. <?/ house, <?/ to build, and E. <ets>timber</ets>. See <er>Timber</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A building; a house; an edifice; -- used chiefly in poetry.</def>

<blockquote>Approach the <b>dome</b>, the social banquet share.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A cupola formed on a large scale.</def>

<note>&hand; "The Italians apply the term <i>il duomo</i> to the principal church of a city, and the Germans call every cathedral church <i>Dom</i>; and it is supposed that the word in its present English sense has crept into use from the circumstance of such buildings being frequently surmounted by a cupola."</note>

<i>Am. Cyc.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any erection resembling the dome or cupola of a building; as the upper part of a furnace, the vertical steam chamber on the top of a boiler, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A prism formed by planes parallel to a lateral axis which meet above in a horizontal edge, like the roof of a house; also, one of the planes of such a form.</def>

<note>&hand; If the plane is parallel to the longer diagonal (macrodiagonal) of the prism, it is called a <i>macrodome</i>; if parallel to the shorter (brachydiagonal), it is a <i>brachydome</i>; if parallel to the inclined diagonal in a monoclinic crystal, it is called a <i>clinodome</i>; if parallel to the orthodiagonal axis, an <i>orthodome</i>.</note>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Dome</h1>
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<hw>Dome</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Doom</er>.]</ety> <def>Decision; judgment; opinion; a court decision.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Domebook</h1>
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<hw>Dome"book`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dome</ets> doom + <ets>book</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A book said to have been compiled under the direction of King Alfred. It is supposed to have contained the principal maxims of the common law, the penalties for misdemeanors, and the forms of judicial proceedings. <i>Domebook</i> was probably a general name for <i>book of judgments</i>.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Domed</h1>
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<hw>Domed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with a dome; shaped like a dome.</def>

<h1>Domesday</h1>
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<hw>Domes"day`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A day of judgment. See <er>Doomsday</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Domesday Book</col>, <cd>the ancient record of the survey of most of the lands of England, made by order of William the Conqueror, about 1086. It consists of two volumes, a large folio and a quarto, and gives the proprietors' tenures, arable land, woodland, etc.</cd> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Doomsday Book<asp>.]</altsp></cs>

<h1>Domesman</h1>
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<hw>Domes"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Domesmen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Doom</er>.]</ety> <def>A judge; an umpire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Domestic</h1>
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<hw>Do*mes"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>domesticus</ets>, fr. <ets>domus</ets> use: cf. F. <ets>domestique</ets>. See 1st <er>Dome</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to one's house or home, or one's household or family; relating to home life; <as>as, <ex>domestic</ex> concerns, life, duties, cares, happiness, worship, servants</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His fortitude is the more extraordinary, because his <b>domestic</b> feelings were unusually strong.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a nation considered as a family or home, or to one's own country; intestine; not foreign; <as>as, foreign wars and <ex>domestic</ex> dissensions</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Remaining much at home; devoted to home duties or pleasures; <as>as, a <ex>domestic</ex> man or woman</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Living in or near the habitations of man; domesticated; tame as distinguished from wild; <as>as, <ex>domestic</ex> animals</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Made in one's own house, nation, or country; <as>as, <ex>domestic</ex> manufactures, wines, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Domestic</h1>
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<hw>Do*mes"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who lives in the family of an other, as hired household assistant; a house servant.</def>

<blockquote>The master labors and leads an anxious life, to secure plenty and ease to the <b>domestic</b>.
<i>V. Knox.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Articles of home manufacture, especially cotton goods.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<hr>
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<h1>Domestical</h1>
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<hw>Do*mes"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Domestic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Our private and <b>domestical</b> matter.
<i>Sir. P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Domestical</h1>
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<hw>Do*mes"tic*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A family; a household.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Domestically</h1>
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<hw>Do*mes"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a domestic manner; privately; with reference to domestic affairs.</def>

<h1>Domesticant</h1>
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<hw>Do*mes"ti*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Forming part of the same family.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir E. Dering.</i>

<h1>Domesticate</h1>
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<hw>Do*mes"ti*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Domesticated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Domesticating.</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>domesticatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>domesticare</ets> to reside in, to tame. See <er>Domestic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make domestic; to habituate to home life; <as>as, to <ex>domesticate</ex> one's self</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to be, as it were, of one's family or country; <as>as, to <ex>domesticate</ex> a foreign custom or word</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To tame or reclaim from a wild state; <as>as, to <ex>domesticate</ex> wild animals; to <ex>domesticate</ex> a plant.</as></def>

<h1>Domestication</h1>
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<hw>Do*mes`ti*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>domestication</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of domesticating, or accustoming to home; the action of taming wild animals.</def>

<h1>Domesticator</h1>
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<hw>Do*mes"ti*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who domesticates.</def>

<h1>Domesticity</h1>
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<hw>Do`mes*tic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>domesticitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>domesticit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being domestic; domestic character; household life.</def>

<h1>Domett</h1>
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<hw>Dom"ett</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of baize of which the ward is cotton and the weft woolen.</def>

<i>Blakely.</i>

<h1>Domeykite</h1>
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<hw>Do"mey*kite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after <ets>Domeyko</ets>, a mineralogist of Chili.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A massive mineral of tin-white or steel-gray color, an arsenide of copper.</def>

<h1>Domical</h1>
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<hw>Dom"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or shaped like, a dome.</def>

<h1>Domicile</h1>
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<hw>Dom"i*cile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>domicilium</ets>; <ets>domus</ets> house + (prob.) root of <ets>celare</ets> to conceal: cf. F. <ets>domicile</ets>. See <er>Dome</er>, and <er>Conceal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An abode or mansion; a place of permanent residence, either of an individual or a family.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A residence at a particular place accompanied with an intention to remain there for an unlimited time; a residence accepted as a final abode.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Domicile</h1>
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<hw>Dom"i*cile</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Domiciled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Domiciling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>domicilier</ets>. Cf. <er>Domiciliate</er>.]</ety> <def>To establish in a fixed residence, or a residence that constitutes habitancy; to domiciliate.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Domiciliar</h1>
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<hw>Dom`i*cil"i*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A member of a household; a domestic.</def>

<h1>Domicillary</h1>
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<hw>Dom`i*cil"l*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>domiciliarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a domicile, or the residence of a person or family.</def>

<blockquote>The personal and <b>domiciliary</b> rights of the citizen scrupulously guarded.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Domiciliary visit</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a visit to a private dwelling, particularly for searching it, under authority.</cd></cs>

<h1>Domiciliate</h1>
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<hw>Dom`i*cil"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Domiciliated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Domiciliating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Domicile</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To establish in a permanent residence; to domicile.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To domesticate.</def>

<i>Pownall.</i>

<h1>Domiciliation</h1>
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<hw>Dom`i*cil`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of domiciliating; permanent residence; inhabitancy.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Domiculture</h1>
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<hw>Dom"i*cul`ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>domus</ets> house + E. <ets>culture</ets>. See 1st <er>Dome</er>.]</ety> <def>The art of house-keeping, cookery, etc.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>R. Park.</i>

<h1>Domify</h1>
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<hw>Dom"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>domus + -fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>domifier</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>To divide, as the heavens, into twelve houses. See <er>House</er>, in astrological sense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To tame; to domesticate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Domina</h1>
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<hw>Dom"i*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., lady. See <er>Dame</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Lady; a lady; -- a title formerly given to noble ladies who held a barony in their own right.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Dominance, Dominancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dom"i*nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dom"i*nan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Predominance; ascendency; authority.</def>

<h1>Dominant</h1>
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<hw>Dom"i*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dominans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>dominari</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dominant</ets>. See <er>Dominate</er>.]</ety> <def>Ruling; governing; prevailing; controlling; predominant; <as>as, the <ex>dominant</ex> party, church, spirit, power</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The member of a <b>dominant</b> race is, in his dealings with the subject race, seldom indeed fraudulent, . . . but imperious, insolent, and cruel.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Dominant estate</col> &or; <col>tenement</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the estate to which a servitude or easement is due from another estate, the estate over which the servitude extends being called the <i>servient estate<i> or <i>tenement<i>. <i>Bouvier. Wharton's Law Dict</i>.</cd> -- <col>Dominant owner</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one who owns lands on which there is an easement owned by another.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Governing; ruling; controlling; prevailing; predominant; ascendant.</syn>

<h1>Dominant</h1>
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<hw>Dom"i*nant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The fifth tone of the scale; thus G is the dominant of C, A of D, and so on.</def>

<cs><col>Dominant chord</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the chord based upon the dominant.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dominate</h1>
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<hw>Dom"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dominated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dominating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dominatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dominari</ets> to dominate, fr. <ets>dominus</ets> master, lord. See <er>Dame</er>, and cf. <er>Domineer</er>.]</ety> <def>To predominate over; to rule; to govern.</def> "A city <i>dominated</i> by the ax."

<i>Dickens.</i>

<blockquote>We everywhere meet with Slavonian nations either dominant or <b>dominated</b>.
<i>W. Tooke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dominate</h1>
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<hw>Dom"i*nate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be dominant.</def>

<i>Hallam.</i>

<h1>Domination</h1>
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<hw>Dom`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>domination</ets>, L. <ets>dominatio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of dominating; exercise of power in ruling; dominion; supremacy; authority; often, arbitrary or insolent sway.</def>

<blockquote>In such a people, the haugtiness of <b>domination</b> combines with the spirit of freedom.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A ruling party; a party in power.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A high order of angels in the celestial hierarchy; -- a meaning given by the schoolmen.</def>

<blockquote>Thrones, <b>dominations</b>, princedoms, virtues, powers.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dominative</h1>
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<hw>Dom"i*na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dominatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Governing; ruling; imperious.</def>

<i>Sir E. Sandys.</i>

<h1>Dominator</h1>
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<hw>Dom"i*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A ruler or ruling power.</def> "Sole <i>dominator</i> of Navarre."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Jupiter and Mars are <b>dominators</b> for this northwest part of the world.
<i>Camden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Domine</h1>
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<hw>Dom"i*ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dominie</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A name given to a pastor of the Reformed Church. The word is also applied locally in the United States, in colloquial speech, to any clergyman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[From Sp. <ets>domine</ets> a schoolmaster.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A West Indian fish (<spn>Epinula magistralis</spn>), of the family <spn>Trichiurid\'91</spn>. It is a long-bodied, voracious fish.</def>

<h1>Domineer</h1>
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<hw>Dom`i*neer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Domineered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Domineering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>dominer</ets>, L. <ets>dominari</ets>: cf. OD. <ets>domineren</ets> to feast luxuriously. See <er>Dominate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To rule with insolence or arbitrary sway; to play the master; to be overbearing; to tyrannize; to bluster; to swell with conscious superiority or haughtiness; -- often with <i>over</i>; <as>as, to <ex>domineer</ex> over dependents</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Go to the feast, revel and <b>domineer</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His wishes tend abroad to roam,
And hers to <b>domineer</b> at home.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Domineering</h1>
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<hw>Dom`i*neer"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ruling arrogantly; overbearing.</def>

<blockquote>A violent, brutal, <b>domineering</b> old reprobate.
<i>Blackw. Mag.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Haughty; overbearing; lordly. See <er>Imperious</er>.</syn> -- <wordforms><wf>Dom`i*neer"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dominical</h1>
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<hw>Do*min"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>dominicalis</ets>, for L. <ets>dominicus</ets> belonging to a master or lord (<ets>dominica dies</ets> the Lord's day), fr. <ets>dominus</ets> master or lord: cf. F. <ets>dominical</ets>. See <er>Dame</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Indicating, or pertaining to, the Lord's day, or Sunday.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating to, or given by, our Lord; <as>as, the <ex>dominical</ex> (or Lord's) prayer</as>.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<blockquote>Some words altered in the <b>dominical</b> Gospels.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Dominical altar</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>the high altar.</cd> -- <col>Dominical letter</col>, <cd>the letter which, in almanacs, denotes Sunday, or the Lord's day (<i>dies Domini<i>). The first seven letters of the alphabet are used for this purpose, the same letter standing for Sunday during a whole year (except in leap year, when the letter is changed at the end of February). After twenty-eight years the same letters return in the same order. The dominical letters go backwards one day every common year, and two every leap year; <it>e. g.</it>, if the dominical letter of a common year be G, F will be the dominical letter for the next year. Called also <altname>Sunday letter</altname>. Cf. <cref>Solar cycle</cref>, under <er>Cycle</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Dominical</h1>
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<hw>Do*min"ic*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Lord's day or Sunday; also, the Lord's prayer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dominican</h1>
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<hw>Do*min"i*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Dominicanus</ets>, fr. <ets>Dominicus</ets>, <ets>Dominic</ets>, the founder: cf. F. <ets>Dominicain</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to St. Dominic (Dominic de Guzman), or to the religions communities named from him.</def>

<cs><col>Dominican nuns</col>, <cd>an order of nuns founded by St. Dominic, and chiefly employed in teaching.</cd> -- <col>Dominican tertiaries</col> (the third order of St. Dominic). <cd>See <er>Tertiary</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dominican</h1>
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<hw>Do*min"i*can</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of an order of mendicant monks founded by Dominic de Guzman, in 1215. A province of the order was established in England in 1221. The first foundation in the United States was made in 1807. The Master of the Sacred Palace at Rome is always a Dominican friar. The Dominicans are called also <altname>preaching friars</altname>, <altname>friars preachers</altname>, <altname>black friars</altname> (from their black cloak), <altname>brothers of St. Mary</altname>, and in France, <altname>Jacobins</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dominicide</h1>
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<hw>Do*min"i*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dominus</ets> master + <ets>caedere</ets> to cut down, kill.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of killing a master.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who kills his master.</def>

<h1>Dominie</h1>
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<hw>Dom"i*nie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dominus</ets> master. See <er>Don</er>, <er>Dame</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A schoolmaster; a pedagogue.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>This was Abel Sampson, commonly called, from occupation as a pedagogue, <b>Dominie</b> Sampson.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A clergyman. See <er>Domine</er>, <er>1</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Dominion</h1>
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<hw>Do*min"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>dominio</ets>, equiv. to L. <ets>dominium</ets>. See <er>Domain</er>, <er>Dungeon</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Sovereign or supreme authority; the power of governing and controlling; independent right of possession, use, and control; sovereignty; supremacy.</def>

<blockquote>I praised and honored him that liveth forever, whose <b>dominion</b> is an everlasting <b>dominion</b>.
<i>Dan. iv. 34.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To choose between <b>dominion</b> or slavery.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Superior prominence; predominance; ascendency.</def>

<blockquote>Objects placed foremost ought . . . have <b>dominion</b> over things confused and transient.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is governed; territory over which authority is exercised; the tract, district, or county, considered as <i>subject</i>; <as>as, the <ex>dominions</ex> of a king</as>. Also used figuratively; <as>as, the <ex>dominion</ex> of the passions</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A supposed high order of angels; dominations. See <er>Domination</er>, 3.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>By him were all things created . . . whether they be thrones, or <b>dominions</b>, or principalities, or powers.
<i>Col. i. 16.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Sovereignty; control; rule; authority; jurisdiction; government; territory; district; region.</syn>

<h1>Domino</h1>
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<hw>Dom"i*no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dominos</plw> or <tt>(esp. the pieces for a game)</tt> <plw>Dominoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>domino</ets>, or It. <ets>domin\'95</ets>, or Sp. <ets>domin\'a2</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dominus</ets> master. The <ets>domino</ets> was orig. a hood worn by the canons of a cathedral. See <er>Don</er>, <er>Dame</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of hood worn by the canons of a cathedral church; a sort of amice.</def>

<i>Kersey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mourning veil formerly worn by women.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of mask; particularly, a half mask worn at masquerades, to conceal the upper part of the face. Dominos were formerly worn by ladies in traveling.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A costume worn as a disguise at masquerades, consisting of a robe with a hood adjustable at pleasure.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A person wearing a domino.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A game played by two or more persons, with twenty-eight pieces of wood, bone, or ivory, of a flat, oblong shape, plain at the back, but on the face divided by a line in the middle, and either left blank or variously dotted after the manner of dice. The game is played by matching the spots or the blank of an unmatched half of a domino already played</def>

<i>Hoyle.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>One of the pieces with which the game of dominoes is played.</def>

<i>Hoyle.</i>

<-- <col>fall like dominoes</col>.  <cd>To fall sequentially, as when one object in a line, by falling against the next object, causes it in turn to fall, and that second object causes a third to fall, etc.; the process can be repeated an indefinite number of times.</cd>
    Derived from an entertainment using dominoes arranged in a row, each standing on edge and therefore easily knocked over; when the first is made to fall against the next, it starts a sequence which ends when all have fallen.  For amusement, people have arranged such sequences involving thousands of dominoes, arrayed in fanciful patterns.

  <col>Domino theory</col>.  A political theory current in the 1960's, according to which the conversion of one country in South Asia to communism will start a sequential process causing all Asian countries to convert to Communism.  The apparent assumption was that an Asian country with a Western orientation was as politically unstable as a domino standing on edge.  Used by some as a justification for American involvement in the Vietnam war, 1964-1972. -->

<h1>Dominus</h1>
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<hw>Dom"i*nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Domini</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., master. See <er>Dame</er>.]</ety> <def>Master; sir; -- a title of respect formerly applied to a knight or a clergyman, and sometimes to the lord of a manor.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Domitable</h1>
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<hw>Dom"i*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>domitare</ets> to tame, fr. <ets>domare</ets>.]</ety> <def>That can be tamed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Domite</h1>
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<hw>Do"mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A grayish variety of trachyte; -- so called from the Puy-de-<i>D\'93me</i> in Auvergne, France, where it is found.</def>

<h1>Don</h1>
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<hw>Don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>don</ets>; akin to Pg. <ets>dom</ets>, It. <ets>donno</ets>; fr. L. <ets>dominus</ets> master. See <er>Dame</er>, and cf. <er>Domine</er>, <er>Dominie</er>, <er>Domino</er>, <er>Dan</er>, <er>Dom</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Sir; Mr; Signior; -- a title in Spain, formerly given to noblemen and gentlemen only, but now common to all classes.</def>

<blockquote>Don is used in Italy, though not so much as in Spain France talks of <b>Dom</b> Calmet, England of <b>Dom</b> Calmet, England of <b>Dan</b> Lydgate.
<i>Oliphant.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A grand personage, or one making pretension to consequence; especially, the head of a college, or one of the fellows at the English universities.</def> <mark>[Univ. Cant]</mark> "The great <i>dons</i> of wit."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Don</h1>
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<hw>Don</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Donned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Donning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Do</ets> + <ets>on</ets>; -- opposed to <ets>doff</ets>. See <er>Do</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 7.]</ety> <def>To put on; to dress in; to invest one's self with.</def>

<blockquote>Should I <b>don</b> this robe and trouble you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>At night, or in the rain,
He <b>dons</b> a surcoat which he doffs at morn.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Do\'a4a</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Do"\'a4a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>do\'a4a</ets>. See <er>Duenna</er>.]</ety> <def>Lady; mistress; madam; -- a title of respect used in Spain, prefixed to the Christian name of a lady.</def>

<h1>Donable</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Do"na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>donabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>donare</ets> to donate.]</ety> <def>Capable of being donated or given.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Donary</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Do"na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>donarium</ets>, fr. <ets>donare</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thing given to a sacred use.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Donat</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Don"at</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Donatus</ets>, a famous grammarian.]</ety> <def>A grammar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>donet</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Donatary</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Don"a*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Donatory</er>.</def>

<h1>Donate</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Do"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Donated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Donating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>donatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>donare</ets> to donate, fr. <ets>donum</ets> gift, fr. <ets>dare</ets> to give. See 2d <er>Date</er>.]</ety> <def>To give; to bestow; to present; <as>as, to <ex>donate</ex> fifty thousand dollars to a college</as>.</def>

<h1>Donation</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Do*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>donatio</ets>; cf. F. <ets>donation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of giving or bestowing; a grant.</def>

<blockquote>After <b>donation</b> there an absolute change and alienation of the property of the thing given.

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is given as a present; that which is transferred to another gratuitously; a gift.</def>

<blockquote>And some <b>donation</b> freely to estate
On the bless'd lovers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act or contract by which a person voluntarily transfers the title to a thing of which be is the owner, from himself to another, without any consideration, as a free gift.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<cs><col>Donation party</col>, <cd>a party assembled at the house of some one, as of a clergyman, each one bringing some present. <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Gift; present; benefaction; grant. See <er>Gift</er>.</syn>

<h1>Donatism</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Don"a*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Donatisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>The tenets of the Donatists.</def>

<h1>Donatist</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Don"a*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>Donatista</ets>: cf. F. <ets>Donatiste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of Donatus, the leader of a body of North African schismatics and purists, who greatly disturbed the church in the 4th century. They claimed to be the true church.</def>

<h1>Donatistic</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Don`a*tis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Donatism.</def>

<h1>Donative</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Don"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>donativum</ets>, fr. <ets>donare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>donatif</ets>. See <er>Donate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A gift; a largess; a gratuity; a present.</def> "The Romans were entertained with shows and <i>donatives</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>A benefice conferred on a person by the founder or patron, without either presentation or institution by the ordinary, or induction by his orders. See the Note under <er>Benefice</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <p><b>3</b>.</def>

<h1>Donative</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Don"a*tive</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Vested or vesting by donation; <as>as, a <ex>donative</ex> advowson</as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Donator</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Do*na"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. Cf. <er>Donor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who makes a gift; a donor; a giver.</def>

<h1>Donatory</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Don"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A donee of the crown; one the whom, upon certain condition, escheated property is made over.</def>

<h1>Do-naught</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Do"-naught`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Do</ets> + <ets>naught</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lazy, good-for-nothing fellow.</def>

<h1>Donax</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Do"nax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., reed, also a sea fish, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A canelike grass of southern Europe (<spn>Arundo Donax</spn>), used for fishing rods, etc.</def>

<h1>Doncella</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Don*cel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., lit., a maid. Cf. <er>Damsel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A handsome fish of Florida and the West Indies (<spn>Platyglossus radiatus</spn>). The name is applied also to the ladyfish (<spn>Harpe rufa</spn>) of the same region.</def>

<h1>Done</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Done</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> from <er>Do</er>, and formerly the <tt>infinitive.</tt></def>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Performed; executed; finished.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>It is done or agreed; let it be a match or bargain; -- used elliptically.</def>

<cs><col>Done brown</col>, <cd>a phrase in cookery; applied figuratively to one who has been thoroughly deceived, cheated, or fooled.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Done for</col>, <cd>tired out; used up; collapsed; destroyed; dead; killed.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Done up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Wrapped up</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Worn out; exhausted. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Done</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Done</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Prob. corrupted from OF. <ets>don\'82</ets>, F. <ets>donn\'82</ets>, p. p. of OF. <ets>doner</ets>, F. <ets>donner</ets>, to give, issue, fr. L. <ets>donare</ets> to give. See <er>Donate</er>, and cf. <er>Donee</er>.]</ety> <def>Given; executed; issued; made public; -- used chiefly in the clause giving the date of a proclamation or public act.</def>

<h1>Donee</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Do*nee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>don\'82</ets>, F. <ets>donn\'82</ets>, p. p. See the preceding word.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The person to whom a gift or donation is made.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Anciently, one to whom lands were given; in later use, one to whom lands and tenements are given in tail; in modern use, one on whom a power is conferred for execution; -- sometimes called the <i>appointor</i>.</def>

<h1>Donet</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Don"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Donat</er>. <i>Piers Plowman</i>.</def>

<h1>Doni</h1>
<Xpage=444>

<hw>Do"ni</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Tamil <ets>t<?/n\'c6</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A clumsy craft, having one mast with a long sail, used for trading purposes on the coasts of Coromandel and Ceylon.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dhony</asp>, <asp>doney</asp>, and <asp>done</asp>.]</altsp>

<hr>
<page="445">
Page 445<p>

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Doniferous</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Do*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>donum</ets> gift + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing gifts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Donjon</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Don"jon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dungeon</er>.]</ety> <def>The chief tower, also called the <i>keep</i>; a massive tower in ancient castles, forming the strongest part of the fortifications. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Castle</er>.</def>

<h1>Donkey</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Don"key</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Donkeys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Prob. <ets>dun</ets>, in allusion to the color of the animal + a dim. termination.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An ass; or (less frequently) a mule.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stupid or obstinate fellow; an ass.</def>

<cs><col>Donkey engine</col>, <cd>a small auxiliary engine not used for propelling, but for pumping water into the boilers, raising heavy weights, and like purposes.</cd> -- <col>Donkey pump</col>, <cd>a steam pump for feeding boilers, extinguishing fire, etc.; -- usually an auxiliary.</cd> -- <col>Donkey's eye</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the large round seed of the <spn>Mucuna pruriens</spn>, a tropical leguminous plant.</cd></cs>

<h1>Donna</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Don"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>donna</ets>, L. <ets>domina</ets>. See <er>Don</er>, <er>Dame</er>.]</ety> <def>A lady; madam; mistress; -- the title given a lady in Italy.</def>

<h1>Donnat</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Don"nat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted from <ets>do-naught</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Do-naught</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Donnism</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Don"nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<er>Don</er>, <tt>n</tt>., 2.]</ety> <def>Self-importance; loftiness of carriage.</def> <mark>[Cant, Eng. Universities]</mark>

<h1>Donor</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Do"nor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>donneur</ets>, OF. <ets>daneor</ets>, fr. <ets>donner</ets>. See <er>Donee</er>, and cf. <er>Donator</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who gives or bestows; one who confers anything gratuitously; a benefactor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who grants an estate; in later use, one who confers a power; -- the opposite of <i>donee</i>.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<blockquote>Touching, the parties unto deeds and charters, we are to consider as well the <b>donors</b> and granters as the donees or grantees.
<i>Spelman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Do-nothing</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Do"-noth`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Doing nothing; inactive; idle; lazy; <as>as, a <ex>do-nothing</ex> policy</as>.</def>

<h1>Do-nothingism, Do-nothingness</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw><hw>Do"-noth`ing*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Do"-noth`ing*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inactivity; habitual sloth; idleness.</def> <mark>[Jocular]</mark>

<i>Carlyle. Miss Austen.</i>

<h1>Donship</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Don"ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or rank of a don, gentleman, or knight.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Donzel</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Don"zel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>donzello</ets>, Sp. <ets>doncel</ets>, OF. <ets>danzel</ets>. See <er>Damsel</er>, <er>Don</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A young squire, or knight's attendant; a page.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. &  Fl.</i>

<h1>Doo</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Doo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dove.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Doob grass</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Doob" grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Hind. <ets>d<?/b</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial, creeping grass (<spn>Cynodon dactylon</spn>), highly prized, in Hindostan, as food for cattle, and acclimated in the United States.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>doub grass</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Doodle</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Doo"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Dawdle</er>.]</ety> <def>A trifler; a simple fellow.</def>

<h1>Doodlesack</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Doo"dle*sack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>dudelsack</ets>.]</ety> <def>The Scotch bagpipe.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Doole</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Doole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sorrow; dole.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Dooly</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Doo"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Doolies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Skr. <ets>d<?/la</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of litter suspended from men's shoulders, for carrying persons or things; a palanquin.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>doolee</asp> and <asp>doolie</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[East Indies]</mark>

<blockquote>Having provided <b>doolies</b>, or little bamboo chairs slung on four men's shoulders, in which I put my papers and boxes, we next morning commenced the ascent.
<i>J. D. Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doom</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Doom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[As. <ets>d<?/m</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>d<?/m</ets>, OHG. <ets>tuom</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>dom</ets>, Icel. <ets>d<?/mr</ets>, Goth. <ets>d<?/ms</ets>, Gr. <?/ law; fr. the root of E. <ets>do</ets>, v. t. <?/. See <er>Do</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Deem</er>, <er>-dom</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Judgment; judicial sentence; penal decree; condemnation.</def>

<blockquote>The first <b>dooms</b> of London provide especially the recovery of cattle belonging to the citizens.
<i>J. R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now against himself he sounds this <b>doom</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That to which one is doomed or sentenced; destiny or fate, esp. unhappy destiny; penalty.</def>

<blockquote>Ere Hector meets his <b>doom</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And homely household task shall be her <b>doom</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Ruin; death.</def>

<blockquote>This is the day of <b>doom</b> for Bassianus.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Discriminating opinion or judgment; discrimination; discernment; decision.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And there he learned of things and haps to come,
To give foreknowledge true, and certain <b>doom</b>.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Sentence; condemnation; decree; fate; destiny; lot; ruin; destruction.</syn>

<h1>Doom</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Doom</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Doomed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dooming</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To judge; to estimate or determine as a judge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pronounce sentence or judgment on; to condemn; to consign by a decree or sentence; to sentence; <as>as, a criminal <ex>doomed</ex> to chains or death</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Absolves the just, and <b>dooms</b> the guilty souls.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To ordain as penalty; hence, to mulct or fine.</def>

<blockquote>Have I tongue to <b>doom</b> my brother's death?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To assess a tax upon, by estimate or at discretion.</def> <mark>[New England]</mark>

<i>J. Pickering.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To destine; to fix irrevocably the destiny or fate of; to appoint, as by decree or by fate.</def>

<blockquote>A man of genius . . . <b>doomed</b> to struggle with difficulties.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doomage</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Doom"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A penalty or fine for neglect.</def> <mark>[Local, New England]</mark>

<h1>Doomful</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Doom"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of condemnation or destructive power.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "That <i>doomful</i> deluge."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Doom palm</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Doom" palm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Ar. <ets>daum</ets>, <ets>d\'d4m</ets>: cf. F. <ets>doume</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of palm tree (<spn>Hyph\'91ne Thebaica</spn>), highly valued for the fibrous pulp of its fruit, which has the flavor of gingerbread, and is largely eaten in Egypt and Abyssinia.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>doum palm</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Doomsday</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dooms"day`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>d<?/mes d\'beg</ets>. See <er>Doom</er>, and <er>Day</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A day of sentence or condemnation; day of death.</def> "My body's <i>doomsday</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The day of the final judgment.</def>

<blockquote>I could not tell till <b>doomsday</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Doomsday Book</col>. <cd>See <er>Domesday Book</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Doomsman</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dooms"man</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Doom</ets> + <ets>man</ets>.]</ety> <def>A judge; an umpire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hampole.</i>

<h1>Doomster</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Doom"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Dempster</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Door</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Door</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dore</ets>, <ets>dure</ets>, AS. <ets>duru</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>dura</ets>, <ets>dor</ets>, D. <ets>deur</ets>, OHG. <ets>turi</ets>, door, <ets>tor</ets> gate, G. <ets>th\'81r</ets>, <ets>thor</ets>, Icel. <ets>dyrr</ets>, Dan. <ets>d\'94r</ets>, Sw. <ets>d\'94rr</ets>, Goth. <ets>daur</ets>, Lith. <ets>durys</ets>, Russ. <ets>dvere</ets>, Olr. <ets>dorus</ets>, L. <ets>fores</ets>, Gr. <?/; cf. Skr. <ets>dur</ets>, <ets>dv\'bera</ets>. <ets><?/<?/<?/<?/</ets>. Cf. <er>Foreign</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An opening in the wall of a house or of an apartment, by which to go in and out; an entrance way.</def>

<blockquote>To the same end, men several paths may tread,
As many <b>doors</b> into one temple lead.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The frame or barrier of boards, or other material, usually turning on hinges, by which an entrance way into a house or apartment is closed and opened.</def>

<blockquote>At last he came unto an iron <b>door</b>
That fast was locked.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Passage; means of approach or access.</def>

<blockquote>I am the <b>door</b>; by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved.
<i>John x. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An entrance way, but taken in the sense of the <i>house</i> or <i>apartment</i> to which it leads.</def>

<blockquote>Martin's office is now the second <b>door</b> in the street.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Blank door</col>, <col>Blind door</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> See under <er>Blank</er>, <er>Blind</er>, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>In doors</col>, &or; <col>Within doors</col></mcol>, <cd>within the house.</cd> -- <col>Next door to</col>, <cd>near to; bordering on.</cd>

<blockquote>A riot unpunished is but <b>next door to</b> a tumult.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

-- <mcol><col>Out of doors</col>, &or; <col>Without doors</col>, <i>and, colloquially</i>, <col>Out doors</col></mcol>, <cd>out of the house; in open air; abroad; away; lost.</cd>

<blockquote>His imaginary title of fatherhood is <b>out of doors</b>.
<i>Locke.  </i></blockquote>

-- <col>To lay (a fault, misfortune, etc.) at one's door</col>, <cd>to charge one with a fault; to blame for.</cd> -- <col>To lie at one's door</col>, <cd>to be imputable or chargeable to.</cd>

<blockquote>If I have failed, the fault <b>lies</b> wholly <b>at my door</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote></cs>

<note>&hand; <i>Door</i> is used in an adjectival construction or as the first part of a compound (with or without the hyphen), as, <i>door</i> frame, <i>door</i>bell or <i>door</i> bell, <i>door</i> knob or <i>door</i>knob, <i>door</i> latch or <i>door</i>latch, <i>door</i> jamb, <i>door</i> handle, <i>door</i> mat, <i>door</i> panel.</note>

<h1>Doorcase</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Door"case`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The surrounding frame into which a door shuts.</def>

<h1>Doorcheek</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Door"cheek`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The jamb or sidepiece of a door.</def>

<i>Ex. xii. 22 (Douay version).</i>

<h1>Doorga</h1>
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<hw>Door"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>Durg\'be</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A Hindoo divinity, the consort of Siva, represented with ten arms.</def> <mark>[Written also Durga.]</mark>

<i>Malcom.</i>

<h1>Dooring</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Door"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The frame of a door.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Doorkeeper</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Door"keep`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who guards the entrance of a house or apartment; a porter; a janitor.</def>

<h1>Doorless</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Door"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a door.</def>

<h1>Doornail</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Door"nail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The nail or knob on which in ancient doors the knocker struck; -- hence the old saying, "As dead as a <i>doornail</i>."</def>

<h1>Doorplane</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Door"plane`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A plane on a door, giving the name, and sometimes the employment, of the occupant.</def>

<h1>Doorpost</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Door"post`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The jamb or sidepiece of a doorway.</def>

<h1>Doorsill</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Door"sill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The sill or threshold of a door.</def>

<h1>Doorstead</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Door"stead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Entrance or place of a door.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Local]</mark>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Doorstep</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Door"step`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The stone or plank forming a step before an outer door.</def>

<h1>Doorstone</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Door"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The stone forming a threshold.</def>

<h1>Doorstop</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Door"stop`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>The block or strip of wood or similar material which stops, at the right place, the shutting of a door.</def>

<h1>Doorway</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Door"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The passage of a door; entrance way into a house or a room.</def>

<h1>Dooryard</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Door"yard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A yard in front of a house or around the door of a house.</def>

<h1>Dop, Doop</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw><hw>Dop</hw>, <hw>Doop</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little copper cup in which a diamond is held while being cut.</def>

<h1>Dop</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dop</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Dap</er>, <er>Dip</er>.]</ety> <def>To dip.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Walton.</i>

<h1>Dop</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dop</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dip; a low courtesy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Dopper</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dop"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>dooper</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>doper</asp>.]</altsp> <def>An Anabaptist or Baptist.</def> <mark>[Contemptuous]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Dopplerite</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dop"pler*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after the physicist and mathematician Christian <ets>Doppler</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A brownish black native hydrocarbon occurring in elastic or jellylike masses.</def>

<h1>Doquet</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Doq"uet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A warrant. See <er>Docket</er>.</def>

<h1>Dor</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>dora</ets> drone, locust, D. <ets>tor</ets> beetle, L. <ets>taurus</ets> a kind of beetle. Cf. <er>Dormouse</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large European scaraboid beetle (<spn>Geotrupes stercorarius</spn>), which makes a droning noise while flying. The name is also applied to allied American species, as the <altname>June bug</altname>. Called also <altname>dorr</altname>, <altname>dorbeetle</altname>, or <altname>dorrbeetle</altname>, <altname>dorbug</altname>, <altname>dorrfly</altname>, and <altname>buzzard clock</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dor</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dor</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Dor</er> a beetle, and <er>Hum</er>, <er>Humbug</er>.]</ety> <def>A trick, joke, or deception.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<cs><col>To give one the dor</col>, <cd>to make a fool of him. <mark>[Archaic]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>P. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Dor</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dor</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a fool of; to deceive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dorr</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Dorado</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Do*ra"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>dorado</ets> gilt, fr. <ets>dorar</ets> to gild, fr. L. <ets>deaurare</ets>. See 1st <er>Dory</er>, and cf. <er>Fl Dorado</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A southern constellation, within which is the south pole of the ecliptic; -- called also sometimes <i>Xiphias</i>, or the <i>Swordfish</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, oceanic fish of the genus <spn>Coryph\'91na</spn>.</def>

<h1>Dorbeetle</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dor"bee`tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See 1st <er>Dor</er>.</def>

<h1>Doree</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Do"ree</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dory</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European marine fish (<spn>Zeus faber</spn>), of a yellow color. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>John Doree</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The popular name in England is <i>John Doree</i>, or <i>Dory</i>, well known to be a corruption of F. <i>jaune-dor\'82e</i>, <it>i. e.</it>, golden-yellow. See 1st <er>Dory</er>.</note>

<h1>Doretree</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dore"tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A doorpost.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "As dead as a <i>doretree</i>."

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Dorhawk</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dor"hawk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European goatsucker; -- so called because it eats the <i>dor</i> beetle. See <er>Goatsucker</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dorrhawk</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Booth.</i>

<h1>Dorian</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Do"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks of Doris; Doric; <as>as, a <ex>Dorian</ex> fashion</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Doric</er>, <er>3</er>.</def> "<i>Dorian</i> mood."

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>Dorian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the first of the authentic church modes or tones, from D to D, resembling our D minor scale, but with the B natural.</cd></cs>

<i>Grove.</i>

<h1>Dorian</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Do"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Doris in Greece.</def>

<h1>Doric</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Doricus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ the Dorians.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to Doris, in ancient Greece, or to the Dorians; <as>as, the <ex>Doric</ex> dialect</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, the oldest and simplest of the three orders of architecture used by the Greeks, but ranked as second of the five orders adopted by the Romans. See <er>Abacus</er>, <er>Capital</er>, <er>Order</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; This order is distinguished, according to the treatment of details, as <i>Grecian Doric</i>, or <i>Roman Doric</i>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Of or relating to one of the ancient Greek musical modes or keys. Its character was adapted both to religions occasions and to war.</def>

<h1>Doric</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dor"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Doric dialect.</def>

<h1>Doricism</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dor"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Doric phrase or idiom.</def>

<h1>Doris</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Do"ris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Doris</ets>, the daughter of Oceanus, and wife of Nereus, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of nudibranchiate mollusks having a wreath of branchi\'91 on the back.</def>

<h1>Dorism</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Do"rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A Doric phrase or idiom.</def>

<h1>Dorking fowl</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dor"king fowl`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From the town of <ets>Dorking</ets> in England.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a breed of large-bodied domestic fowls, having five toes, or the hind toe double. There are several strains, as the <i>white</i>, <i>gray</i>, and <i>silver-gray</i>. They are highly esteemed for the table.</def>

<h1>Dormancy</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dor"man*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Dormant</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being dormant; quiescence; abeyance.</def>

<h1>Dormant</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dor"mant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. pr. of <ets>dormir</ets> to sleep, from L. <ets>dormire</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>dr\'be</ets>, OSlav. <ets>dr<?/mati</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Sleeping; <as>as, a <ex>dormant</ex> animal; hence, not in action or exercise; quiescent; at rest; in abeyance; not disclosed, asserted, or insisted on; <as>as, <ex>dormant</ex> passions</as>; <ex>dormant</ex> claims or titles.</as></def>

<blockquote>It is by lying <b>dormant</b> a long time, or being . . . very rarely exercised, that arbitrary power steals upon a people.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>In a sleeping posture; <as>as, a lion <ex>dormant</ex></as>; -- distinguished from <contr>couchant</contr>.</def>

<cs><col>Dormant partner</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>a partner who takes no share in the active business of a company or partnership, but is entitled to a share of the profits, and subject to a share in losses; -- called also <altname>sleeping &or; silent partner</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Dormant window</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a dormer window. See <er>Dormer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Table dormant</col>, <cd>a stationary table.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dormant</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dor"mant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dormant</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A large beam in the roof of a house upon which portions of the other timbers rest or " sleep."</def>  <i>Arch. Pub. Soc</i>. -- Called also <altname>dormant tree</altname>, <altname>dorman tree</altname>, <altname>dormond</altname>, and <altname>dormer</altname>.

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<mhw><h1>Dormer, &or; Dormer window</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dor"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Dor"mer win"dow</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Literally, the window of a sleeping apartment. F. <ets>dormir</ets> to sleep. See <er>Dormant</er>, <tt>a.</tt> & <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A window pierced in a roof, and so set as to be vertical while the roof slopes away from it. Also, the gablet, or houselike structure, in which it is contained.</def>

<h1>Dormitive</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dor"mi*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dormitif</ets>, fr. <ets>dormire</ets> to sleep.]</ety> <def>Causing sleep; <as>as, the <ex>dormitive</ex> properties of opium</as>.</def> <i>Clarke</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine to promote sleep; a soporific; an opiate.</def></def2>

<h1>Dormitory</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dor"mi*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dormitories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>dormitorium</ets>, fr. <ets>dormitorius</ets> of or for sleeping, fr. <ets>dormire</ets> to sleep. See <er>Dormant</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A sleeping room, or a building containing a series of sleeping rooms; a sleeping apartment capable of containing many beds; esp., one connected with a college or boarding school.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A burial place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<blockquote>My sister was interred in a very honorable manner in our <b>dormitory</b>, joining to the parish church.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dormouse</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dor"mouse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dormice</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Perh. fr. F. <ets>dormir</ets> to sleep (Prov. E. <ets>dorm</ets> to doze) + E. <ets>mouse</ets>; or perh. changed fr. F. <ets>dormeuse</ets>, fem., a sleeper, though not found in the sense of <ets>a dormouse</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European rodent of the genus <spn>Myoxus</spn>, of several species. They live in trees and feed on nuts, acorns, etc.; -- so called because they are usually torpid in winter.</def>

<h1>Dorn</h1>
<Xpage=445>

<hw>Dorn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>dorn</ets> thorn, D. <ets>doorn</ets>, and G. <ets>dorn</ets>fisch stickleback.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A British ray; the thornback.</def>

<hr>
<page="446">
Page 446<p>

<h1>Dornick, &or; Dornock</h1>
<Xpage=446>

<hw><hw>Dor"nick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Dor"nock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coarse sort of damask, originally made at Tournay (in Flemish, <i>Doornick</i>), Belgium, and used for hangings, carpets, etc. Also, a stout figured linen manufactured in Scotland.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>darnex</asp>, <asp>dornic</asp>, <asp>dorneck</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<i>Halliwell. Jamieson.</i>

<note>&hand; Ure says that <i>dornock</i>, a kind of stout figured linen, derives its name from a town in Scotland where it was first manufactured for tablecloths.</note>

<h1>Dorp</h1>
<Xpage=446>

<hw>Dorp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LG. & D. <ets>dorp</ets>. See <er>Thorpe</er>.]</ety> <def>A hamlet.</def> "A mean fishing <i>dorp</i>."

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Dorr</h1>
<Xpage=446>

<hw>Dorr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The dorbeetle; also, a drone or an idler. See 1st <er>Dor</er>.</def>

<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i>

<h1>Dorr</h1>
<Xpage=446>

<hw>Dorr</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deceive. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Dor</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deafen with noise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Dorrfly</h1>
<Xpage=446>

<hw>Dorr"fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See 1st <er>Dor</er>.</def>

<h1>Dorrhawk</h1>
<Xpage=446>

<hw>Dorr"hawk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dorhawk</er>.</def>

<h1>Dorsad</h1>
<Xpage=446>

<hw>Dor"sad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dorsum</ets> +L. <ets>ad</ets> towards.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Toward the dorsum or back; on the dorsal side; dorsally.</def>

<h1>Dorsal</h1>
<Xpage=446>

<hw>Dor"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>dorsal</ets>, LL. <ets>dorsalis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dorsualis</ets>, fr. <ets>dorsum</ets> back; cf. Gr. <?/, <?/, mountain ridge. Cf. <er>Dorse</er>, <er>Dorsel</er>, <er>Dosel</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or situated near, the back, or dorsum, of an animal or of one of its parts; notal; tergal; neural; <as>as, the <ex>dorsal</ex> fin of a fish; the <ex>dorsal</ex> artery of the tongue</as>; -- opposed to <contr>ventral</contr>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Pertaining to the surface naturally inferior, as of a leaf.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to the surface naturally superior, as of a creeping hepatic moss.</def>

<cs><col>Dorsal vessel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a central pulsating blood vessel along the back of insects, acting as a heart.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dorsal</h1>
<Xpage=446>

<hw>Dor"sal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>dorsale</ets>, neut. fr. <ets>dorsalis</ets>. See <er>Dorsal</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A hanging, usually of rich stuff, at the back of a throne, or of an altar, or in any similar position.</def>

<h1>Dorsale</h1>
<Xpage=446>

<hw>Dor"sale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Dorsal</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Dorsally</h1>
<Xpage=446>

<hw>Dor"sal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>On, or toward, the dorsum, or back; on the dorsal side of; dorsad.</def>

<h1>Dorse</h1>
<Xpage=446>

<hw>Dorse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>dorsum</ets> the back. See <er>Dorsel</er>, <er>Dosel</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Same as <er>dorsal</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The back of a book.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Books, all richly bound, with gilt <b>dorses</b>.
<i>Wood.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dorse</h1>
<Xpage=446>

<hw>Dorse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Baltic or variable cod (<spn>Gadus callarias</spn>), by some believed to be the young of the common codfish.</def>

<h1>Dorsel</h1>
<Xpage=446>

<hw>Dor"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dosser</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A pannier.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Same as <er>Dorsal</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Dorser</h1>
<Xpage=446>

<hw>Dor"ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Dosser</er>.</def>

<h1>dorsibranchiata</h1>
<Xpage=446>

<hw>dor`si*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>dorsum</ets> back + <ets>branchiae</ets> gills.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of ch\'91topod annelids in which the branchi\'91 are along the back, on each side, or on the parapodia. [See <i>Illusts</i>. under <er>Annelida</er> and <er>Ch\'91topoda</er>.]</def>

<h1>Dorsibranchiate</h1>
<Xpage=446>

<hw>Dor`si*bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having branchi\'91 along the back; belonging to the Dorsibranchiata.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Dorsibranchiata.</def></def2>

<h1>Dorsiferous</h1>
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<hw>Dor*sif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,. <ety>[<ets>Dorsum</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>; cf. F. <ets>dorsif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Bearing, or producing, on the back; -- applied to ferns which produce seeds on the back of the leaf, and to certain Batrachia, the ova of which become attached to the skin of the back of the parent, where they develop; dorsiparous.</def>

<h1>Dorsimeson</h1>
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<hw>Dor`si*mes"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dorsum</ets> + <ets>meson</ets>.]</ety> <def>(Anat.) See <er>Meson</er>.</def>

<h1>Dorsiparous</h1>
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<hw>Dor*sip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dorsum</ets> + L. <ets>parere</ets> to bring forth.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Dorsiferous</er>.</def>

<h1>Dorsiventral</h1>
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<hw>Dor`si*ven"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dorsum</ets> + <ets>ventral</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having distinct upper and lower surfaces, as most common leaves. The leaves of the iris are not <i>dorsiventral</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dorsoventral</er>.</def>

<h1>Dorsoventral</h1>
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<hw>Dor`so*ven"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>dorsum</ets> + <ets>ventral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>From the dorsal to the ventral side of an animal; <as>as, the <ex>dorsoventral</ex> axis</as>.</def>

<h1>Dorsum</h1>
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<hw>Dor"sum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The ridge of a hill.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The back or dorsal region of an animal; the upper side of an appendage or part; <as>as, the <ex>dorsum</ex> of the tongue</as>.</def>

<h1>Dortour, Dorture</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dor"tour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dor"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>dortoir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dormitorium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dormitory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Dory</h1>
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<hw>Do"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Named from 1st color, fr. F. <ets>dor\'82e</ets> gilded, fr. <ets>dorer</ets> to gild, L. <ets>deaurare</ets>. See <er>Deaurate</er>, and cf. <er>Aureole</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European fish. See <er>Doree</er>, and <er>John Doree</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American wall-eyed perch; -- called also <altname>dor\'82</altname>. See <er>Pike perch</er>.</def>

<h1>Dory</h1>
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<hw>Do"ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dories</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A small, strong, flat-bottomed rowboat, with sharp prow and flaring sides.</def>

<h1>Doryphora</h1>
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<hw>Do*ryph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Doryphoros</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of plant-eating beetles, including the potato beetle. See <er>Potato beetle</er>.</def>

<h1>Doryphoros</h1>
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<hw>Do*ryph"o*ros</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, lit., spear bearing; <?/ a spear + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A spear bearer; a statue of a man holding a spear or in the attitude of a spear bearer. Several important sculptures of this subject existed in antiquity, copies of which remain to us.</def>

<h1>Dose</h1>
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<hw>Dose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>dose</ets>, Gr. <?/ a giving, a dose, fr. <?/ to give; akin to L. <ets>dare</ets> to give. See <er>Date</er> point of time.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quantity of medicine given, or prescribed to be taken, at one time.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sufficient quantity; a portion; as much as one can take, or as falls to one to receive.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything nauseous that one is obliged to take; a disagreeable portion thrust upon one.</def>

<blockquote>I am for curing the world by gentle alteratives, not by violent <b>doses</b>.
<i> W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I dare undertake that as fulsome a <b>dose</b> as you give him, he shall readily take it down.
<i> South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dose</h1>
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<hw>Dose</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dosed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>dosing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>doser</ets>. See <er>Dose</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To proportion properly (a medicine), with reference to the patient or the disease; to form into suitable doses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give doses to; to medicine or physic to; to give potions to, constantly and without need.</def>

<blockquote>A self-opinioned physician, worse than his distemper, who shall <b>dose</b>, and bleed, and kill him, "secundum artem."
<i> South</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give anything nauseous to.</def>

<h1>Dosel</h1>
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<hw>Dos"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>dossel</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>dorsale</ets>. See <er>Dorsal</er>, and cf. <er>Dorse</er>, <er>Dorsel</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Dorsal</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dosology</h1>
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<hw>Do*sol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dose</ets> +-<ets>logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Posology.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ogilvie.</i>

<h1>Dossel</h1>
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<hw>Dos"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dosel</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Dorsal</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Dosser</h1>
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<hw>Dos"ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>dosserum</ets>, or F.<ets>dossier</ets> bundle of papers, part of a basket resting on the back, fr. L. <ets>dorsum</ets> back. See <er>Dorsal</er>, and cf. <er>Dosel</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dorser</asp> and <asp>dorsel</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A pannier, or basket.</def>

<blockquote>To hire a ripper's mare, and buy new <b>dossers</b>.
<i>Beau. &  Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hanging tapestry; a dorsal.</def>

<h1>Dossil</h1>
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<hw>Dos"sil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dosil</ets> faucet of a barrel, OF. <ets>dosil</ets>, <ets>duisil</ets>, spigot, LL. <ets>diciculus</ets>, <ets>ducillus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ducere</ets> to lead, draw. See <er>Duct</er>, <er>Duke</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A small ovoid or cylindrical roil or pledget of lint, for keeping a sore, wound, etc., open; a tent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <def>A roll of cloth for wiping off the face of a copperplate, leaving the ink in the engraved lines.</def>

<h1>Dost</h1>
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<hw>Dost</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>2d pers. sing. pres.</tt> <def>of <er>Do</er>.</def>

<h1>Dot</h1>
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<hw>Dot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>dos</ets>, <ets>dotis</ets>, dowry. See <er>Dower</er>, and cf. <er>Dote</er> dowry.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A marriage portion; dowry.</def> <mark>[Louisiana]</mark>

<h1>Dot</h1>
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<hw>Dot</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>dott</ets> small spot, speck; of uncertain origin.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A small point or spot, made with a pen or other pointed instrument; a speck, or small mark.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything small and like a speck comparatively; a small portion or specimen; <as>as, a <ex>dot</ex> of a child</as>.</def>

<h1>Dot</h1>
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<hw>Dot</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dotted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dotting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To mark with dots or small spots; <as>as, to <ex>dot</ex> a line</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mark or diversify with small detached objects; <i>as</i>, <i>a landscape dotted</i> with cottages.</def>

<h1>Dot</h1>
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<hw>Dot</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make dots or specks.</def>

<h1>Dotage</h1>
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<hw>Do"tage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Dote</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Feebleness or imbecility of understanding or mind, particularly in old age; the childishness of old age; senility; <as>as, a venerable man, now in his <ex>dotage</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Capable of distinguishing between the infancy and the <b>dotage</b> of Greek literature.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Foolish utterance; drivel.</def>

<blockquote>The sapless <b>dotages</b> of old Paris and Salamanca.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Excessive fondness; weak and foolish affection.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>dotage</b> of the nation on presbytery.
<i> Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dotal</h1>
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<hw>Do"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dotalis</ets>, fr. <ets>dos</ets>, <ets>dotis</ets>, dowry: cf. F. <ets>dotal</ets>. See <er>Dot</er> dowry.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to dower, or a woman's marriage portion; constituting dower, or comprised in it.</def>

<i>Garth.</i>

<h1>Dotant</h1>
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<hw>Do"tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dotard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dotard</h1>
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<hw>Do"tard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<er>Dote</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>One whose mind is impaired by age; one in second childhood.</def>

<blockquote>The sickly <b>dotard</b> wants a wife.
<i> Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dotardly</h1>
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<hw>Do"tard*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Foolish; weak.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Dotary</h1>
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<hw>Do"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dotard's weakness; dotage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Dotation</h1>
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<hw>Do*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>dotatio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dotare</ets> to endow, fr. <ets>dos</ets>, <ets>dotis</ets>, dower: cf. F. <ets>dotation</ets>. See <er>Dot</er> dowry.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of endowing, or bestowing a marriage portion on a woman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Endowment; establishment of funds for support, as of a hospital or eleemosynary corporation.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Dote</h1>
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<hw>Dote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dot</er> dowry.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A marriage portion. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See 1st <er>Dot</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<i>Wyatt.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Natural endowments.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Dote</h1>
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<hw>Dote</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Doted</er>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Doting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>doten</ets>; akin to OD. <ets>doten</ets>, D. <ets>dutten</ets>, to doze, Icel. <ets>dotta</ets> to nod from sleep, MHG. <ets>t<?/zen</ets> to keep still: cf. F. <ets>doter</ets>, OF. <ets>radoter</ets> (to dote, rave, talk idly or senselessly), which are from the same source.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>doat</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To act foolishly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He wol make him <b>doten</b> anon right.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be weak-minded, silly, or idiotic; to have the intellect impaired, especially by age, so that the mind wanders or wavers; to drivel.</def>

<blockquote>Time has made you <b>dote</b>, and vainly tell
Of arms imagined in your lonely cell.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He survived the use of his reason, grew infatuated, and <b>doted</b> long before he died.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be excessively or foolishly fond; to love to excess; to be weakly affectionate; -- with <i>on or upon</i>; <as>as, the mother <ex>dotes</ex> on her child</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sing, siren, for thyself, and I will <b>dote</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What dust we <b>dote</b> on, when 't is man we love.
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dote</h1>
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<hw>Dote</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An imbecile; a dotard.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Doted</h1>
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<hw>Dot"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Stupid; foolish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Senseless speech and <b>doted</b> ignorance.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Half-rotten; <as>as, <ex>doted</ex> wood</as>.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Dotehead</h1>
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<hw>Dote"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dotard.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tyndale.</i>

<h1>Doter</h1>
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<hw>Dot"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who dotes; a man whose understanding is enfeebled by age; a dotard.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One excessively fond, or weak in love.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dotery</h1>
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<hw>Dot"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The acts or speech of a dotard; drivel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Doth</h1>
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<hw>Doth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>3d pers. sing. pres.</tt> <def>of <er>Do</er>.</def>

<h1>Doting</h1>
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<hw>Dot"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That dotes; silly; excessively fond.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dot"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dot"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dotish</h1>
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<hw>Dot"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Foolish; weak; imbecile.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Dottard</h1>
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<hw>Dot"tard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <er>Dotard</er> ?]</ety> <def>An old, decayed tree.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Dotted</h1>
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<hw>Dot"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marked with, or made of, dots or small spots; diversified with small, detached objects.</def>

<cs><col>Dotted note</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a note followed by a dot to indicate an increase of length equal to one half of its simple value; thus, a dotted semibreve is equal to three minims, and a dotted quarter to three eighth notes.</cd> -- <col>Dotted rest</col>, <cd>a rest lengthened by a dot in the same manner as a dotted note.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; Notes and rests are sometimes followed by two dots, to indicate an increase of length equal to three quarters of their simple value, and they are then said to be <i>double-dotted</i>.</note>

<h1>Dotterel</h1>
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<hw>Dot"ter*el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Dottard</er>.]</ety> <def>Decayed.</def> "Some old <i>dotterel</i> trees." <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<h1>Dotterel</h1>
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<hw>Dot"ter*el</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Dote</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European bird of the Plover family (<spn>Eudromias, &or; Charadrius, morinellus</spn>). It is tame and easily taken, and is popularly believed to imitate the movements of the fowler.</def>

<blockquote>In catching of <b>dotterels</b> we see how the foolish bird playeth the ape in gestures.
<i> Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The ringed dotterel (or ring plover) is <spn>Charadrius hiaticula</spn>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A silly fellow; a dupe; a gull.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Dotting pen</h1>
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<hw>Dot"ting pen`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Pun</er>.</def>

<h1>Dottrel</h1>
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<hw>Dot"trel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dotterel</er>.</def>

<h1>Doty</h1>
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<hw>Do"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dottard</er>.]</ety> <def>Half-rotten; <as>as, <ex>doty</ex> timber</as>.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Douane</h1>
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<hw>Dou`ane"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A customhouse.</def>

<h1>Douanier</h1>
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<hw>Dou`a"nier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>An officer of the French customs.</def> <altsp>[Anglicized form <asp>douaneer</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Douar</h1>
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<hw>Dou"ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Ar. <ets>d<?/\'ber</ets>.]</ety> <def>A village composed of Arab tents arranged in streets.</def>

<h1>Douay Bible</h1>
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<hw>Dou"ay Bi"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From <ets>Douay</ets>, or <ets>Douai</ets>, a town in France.]</ety> <def>A translation of the Scriptures into the English language for the use of English-speaking Roman Catholics; -- done from the Latin Vulgate by English scholars resident in France. The New Testament portion was published at Rheims, <sc>A. D.</sc> 1582, the Old Testament at Douai, <sc>A. D.</sc> 1609-10. Various revised editions have since been published.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Doway Bible</asp>. Called also the <asp>Rheims and Douay version</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Doub grass</h1>
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<hw>Doub" grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Doob grass.</def>

<h1>Double</h1>
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<hw>Dou"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>doble</ets>, <ets>duble</ets>, <ets>double</ets>, OF. <ets>doble</ets>, <ets>duble</ets>, <ets>double</ets>, F. <ets>double</ets>, fr. L. <ets>duplus</ets>, fr. the root of <ets>duo</ets> two, and perh. that of <ets>plenus</ets> full; akin to Gr. <?/ double. See <er>Two</er>, and <er>Full</er>, and cf. <er>Diploma</er>, <er>Duple</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Twofold; multiplied by two; increased by its equivalent; made twice as large or as much, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Let a <b>double</b> portion of thy spirit be upon me.
<i> 2 Kings ii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Darkness and tempest make a <b>double</b> night.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Being in pairs; presenting two of a kind, or two in a set together; coupled.</def>

<blockquote>[Let] The swan, on still St. Mary's lake,
Float <b>double</b>, swan and shadow.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Divided into two; acting two parts, one openly and the other secretly; equivocal; deceitful; insincere.</def>

<blockquote>With a <b>double</b> heart do they speak.
<i> Ps. xii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the petals in a flower considerably increased beyond the natural number, usually as the result of cultivation and the expense of the stamens, or stamens and pistils. The white water lily and some other plants have their blossoms naturally <i>double</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Double</i> is often used as the first part of a compound word, generally denoting <i>two ways</i>, or <i>twice the number</i>, <i>quantity</i>, <i>force</i>, etc., <i>twofold</i>, or <i>having two</i>.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Double base</col>, &or; <col>Double bass</col></mcol> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the largest and lowest-toned instrument in the violin form; the contrabasso or violone.</cd> -- <col>Double convex</col>. <cd>See under <er>Convex</er>.</cd> -- <col>Double counterpoint</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>that species of counterpoint or composition, in which two of the parts may be inverted, by setting one of them an octave higher or lower.</cd> -- <col>Double court</col> <fld>(Lawn Tennis)</fld>, <cd>a court laid out for four players, two on each side.</cd> -- <col>Double dagger</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a reference mark (&ddagr;) next to the dagger (&dagr;) in order; a diesis.</cd> -- <col>Double drum</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a large drum that is beaten at both ends.</cd> -- <col>Double eagle</col>, <cd>a gold coin of the United States having the value of 20 dollars.</cd> -- <col>Double entry</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bookkeeping</er>.</cd> -- <col>Double floor</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a floor in which binding joists support flooring joists above and ceiling joists below. See <i>Illust<i>. of <i>Double-framed floor<i>.</cd> -- <col>Double flower</col>. <cd>See <er>Double</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Double-framed floor</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a double floor having girders into which the binding joists are framed.</cd> -- <col>Double fugue</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a fugue on two subjects.</cd> -- <col>Double letter</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <cd>Two letters on one shank; a ligature</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A mail requiring double postage.</cd> -- <col>Double note</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a note of double the length of the semibreve; a breve. See <er>Breve</er>.</cd> -- <col>Double octave</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>an interval composed of two octaves, or fifteen notes, in diatonic progression; a fifteenth.</cd> -- <col>Double pica</col>. <cd>See under <er>Pica</er>.</cd> -- <col>Double play</col> <fld>(Baseball)</fld>, <cd>a play by which two players are put out at the same time.</cd> -- <col>Double plea</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a plea alleging several matters in answer to the declaration, where either of such matters alone would be a sufficient bar to the action. <i>Stephen</i>.</cd> -- <col>Double point</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a point of a curve at which two branches cross each other. Conjugate or isolated points of a curve are called <i>double points</i>, since they possess most of the properties of <i>double points</i> (see <er>Conjugate</er>). They are also called <i>acnodes</i>, and those points where the branches of the curve really cross are called <i>crunodes</i>. The extremity of a cusp is also a <i>double point</i>.</cd> -- <col>Double quarrel</col>. <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Duplex querela</cref>, under <er>Duplex</er>.</cd> -- <col>Double refraction</col>. <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Refraction</er>.</cd> -- <col>Double salt</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A mixed salt of any polybasic acid which has been saturated by different bases or basic radicals, as the double carbonate of sodium and potassium, <chform>NaKCO3.6H2O</chform></cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A molecular combination of two distinct salts, as common alum, which consists of the sulphate of aluminium, and the sulphate of potassium or ammonium.</cd> -- <col>Double shuffle</col>, <cd>a low, noisy dance.</cd> -- <col>Double standard</col> <fld>(Polit. Econ.)</fld>, <cd>a double standard of monetary values; <it>i. e.</it>, a gold standard and a silver standard, both of which are made legal tender.</cd> -- <col>Double star</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>two stars so near to each other as to be seen separate only by means of a telescope. Such stars may be only <i>optically</i> near to each other, or may be <i>physically</i> connected so that they revolve round their common center of gravity, and in the latter case are called also <i>binary</i> stars.</cd> -- <col>Double time</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>. <cd>Same as <er>Double-quick</er>.</cd> -- <col>Double window</col>, <cd>a window having two sets of glazed sashes with an air space between them.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="447">
Page 447<p>

<h1>Double</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Twice; doubly.</def>

<blockquote>I was <b>double</b> their age.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Double</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Doubled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Doubling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>doblen</ets>, <ets>dublen</ets>, <ets>doublen</ets>, F. <ets>doubler</ets>, fr. L. <ets>duplare</ets>, fr. <ets>duplus</ets>. See <er>Double</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To increase by adding an equal number, quantity, length, value, or the like; multiply by two; to <i>double</i> a sum of money; to <i>double</i> a number, or length.</def>

<blockquote><b>Double</b> six thousand, and then treble that.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make of two thicknesses or folds by turning or bending together in the middle; to fold one part upon another part of; <as>as, to <ex>double</ex> the leaf of a book, and the like</as>; to clinch, as the fist; -- often followed by <i>up</i>; <as>as, to <ex>double</ex> up a sheet of paper or cloth</as>.</def><-- also double over -->

<i>Prior.</i>

<blockquote>Then the old man
Was wroth, and <b>doubled</b> up his hands.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be the double of; to exceed by twofold; to contain or be worth twice as much as.</def>

<blockquote>Thus re\'89nforced, against the adverse fleet,
Still <b>doubling</b> ours, brave Rupert leads the way.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To pass around or by; to march or sail round, so as to reverse the direction of motion.</def>

<blockquote>Sailing along the coast, the <b>doubled</b> the promontory of Carthage.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To unite, as ranks or files, so as to form one from each two.</def>

<h1>Double</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be increased to twice the sum, number, quantity, length, or value; to increase or grow to twice as much.</def>

<blockquote>'T is observed in particular nations, that within the space of three hundred years, notwithstanding all casualties, the number of men <b>doubles</b>.
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To return upon one's track; to turn and go back over the same ground, or in an opposite direction.</def>

<blockquote><b>Doubling</b> and turning like a hunted hare.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Doubling</b> and <b>doubling</b> with laborious walk.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To play tricks; to use sleights; to play false.</def>

<blockquote>What penalty and danger you accrue,
If you be found to <b>double</b>.
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To set up a word or words a second time by mistake; to make a doublet.</def>

<cs><col>To double upon</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to inclose between two fires.</cd></cs>

<h1>Double</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Twice as much; twice the number, sum, quantity, length, value, and the like.</def>

<blockquote>If the thief be found, let him pay <b>double</b>.
<i>Ex. xxii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Among compositors, a doublet (see <er>Doublet</er>, <p><b>2.</b>); among pressmen, a sheet that is twice pulled, and blurred.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is doubled over or together; a doubling; a plait; a fold.</def>

<blockquote>Rolled up in sevenfold <b>double</b>
Of plagues.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A turn or circuit in running to escape pursues; hence, a trick; a shift; an artifice.</def>

<blockquote>These men are too well acquainted with the chase to be flung off by any false steps or <b>doubles</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Something precisely equal or counterpart to another; a counterpart. Hence, a wraith.</def>

<blockquote>My charming friend . . . has, I am almost sure, a <b>double</b>, who preaches his afternoon sermons for him.
<i>Atlantic Monthly.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A player or singer who prepares to take the part of another player in his absence; a substitute.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Double beer; strong beer.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A feast in which the antiphon is doubled, hat is, said twice, before and after the Psalms, instead of only half being said, as in simple feasts.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Lawn Tennis)</fld> <def>A game between two pairs of players; <as>as, a first prize for <ex>doubles</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An old term for a variation, as in Bach's Suites.</def>

<h1>Double-acting</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-act`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Acting or operating in two directions or with both motions; producing a twofold result; <as>as, a <ex>double-acting</ex> engine or pump</as>.</def>

<h1>Double-bank</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-bank"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To row by rowers sitting side by side in twos on a bank or thwart.</def>

<cs><col>To double-bank an oar</col>, <cd>to set two men to pulling one oar.</cd></cs>

<h1>Double-banked</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-banked`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Applied to a kind of rowing in which the rowers sit side by side in twos, a pair of oars being worked from each bank or thwart.</def>

<h1>Double-barreled, &or; -barrelled</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw><hw>Dou"ble-bar`reled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>-bar`relled</hw><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having two barrels; -- applied to a gun.</def>

<h1>Double-beat valve</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-beat` valve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Valve</er>.</def>

<h1>Double-breasted</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-breast`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Folding or lapping over on the breast, with a row of buttons and buttonholes on each side; <as>as, a <ex>double-breasted</ex> coat</as>.</def>

<h1>Double-charge</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-charge`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To load with a double charge, as of gunpowder.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To overcharge.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Double dealer</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble deal"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>One who practices double dealing; a deceitful, trickish person.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Double dealing</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble deal"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>False or deceitful dealing. See <cref>Double dealing</cref>, under <er>Dealing</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Double-decker</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-deck"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A man-of-war having two gun decks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A public conveyance, as a street car, with seats on the roof.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Double-dye</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-dye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dye again or twice over.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>double-dye</b> their robes in scarlet.
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Double-dyed</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-dyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dyed twice; thoroughly or intensely colored; hence; firmly fixed in opinions or habits; <as>as, a <ex>double-dyed</ex> villain</as>.</def>

<h1>Double-ender</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-end"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel capable of moving in either direction, having bow and rudder at each end</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A locomotive with pilot at each end.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Double-entendre</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-en*ten"dre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>double</ets> double + <ets>entendre</ets> to mean. This is a barbarous compound of French words. The true French equivalent is <ets>double entente</ets>.]</ety> <def>A word or expression admitting of a double interpretation, one of which is often obscure or indelicate.</def>

<h1>Double-eyed</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a deceitful look.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Deceitful meanings is <i>double-eyed</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Double-faced</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having two faces designed for use; <as>as, a <ex>double-faced</ex> hammer</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deceitful; hypocritical; treacherous.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Double first</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble first`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Eng. Universities)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A degree of the first class both in classics and mathematics</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who gains at examinations the highest honor both in the classics and the mathematics.</def>

<i>Beaconsfield.</i>

<h1>Double-handed</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-hand"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having two hands.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deceitful; deceptive.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Double-headed</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-head"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having two heads; bicipital.</def>

<cs><col>Double-headed rail</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a rail whose flanges are duplicates, so that when one is worn the other may be turned uppermost.</cd></cs>

<h1>Doublehearted</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble*heart"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a false heart; deceitful; treacherous.</def>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Double-hung</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-hung`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having both sashes hung with weights and cords; -- said of a window.</def>

<h1>Double-lock</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-lock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lock with two bolts; to fasten with double security.</def>

<i>Tatler.</i>

<h1>Double-milled</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-milled`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Twice milled or fulled, to render more compact or fine; -- said of cloth; <as>as, <ex>double-milled</ex> kerseymere</as>.</def>

<h1>Doubleminded</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble*mind"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having different minds at different times; unsettled; undetermined.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>double-minded</b> man is unstable in all his ways.
<i>Jas. i. 8.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doubleness</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being double or doubled.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Duplicity; insincerity.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Double-quick</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-quick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Of, or performed in, the fastest time or step in marching, next to the run; <as>as, a <ex>double-quick</ex> step or march</as>.</def>

<h1>Double-quick</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-quick`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Double-quick time, step, or march.</def>

<note>&hand; Double-quick time requires 165 steps, each 33 inches in length, to be taken in one minute. The number of steps may be increased up to 180 per minute.</note>

<h1>Double-quick</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-quick`</hw>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To move, or cause to move, in double-quick time.</def>

<h1>Doubler</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, doubles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>An instrument for augmenting a very small quantity of electricity, so as to render it manifest by sparks or the electroscope.</def>

<h1>Double-ripper</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-rip"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of coasting sled, made of two sleds fastened together with a board, one before the other.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Double-shade</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-shade`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To double the natural darkness of (a place).</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Doublet</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Doub"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[In sense 3, OF. <ets>doublet</ets>; in sense 4, F. <ets>doublet</ets>, dim. of <ets>double</ets> double. See <er>Double</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Two of the same kind; a pair; a couple.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A word or words unintentionally doubled or set up a second time.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A close-fitting garment for men, covering the body from the neck to the waist or a little below. It was worn in Western Europe from the 15th to the 17th century.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Lapidary Work)</fld> <def>A counterfeit gem, composed of two pieces of crystal, with a color them, and thus giving the appearance of a naturally colored gem. Also, a piece of paste or glass covered by a veneer of real stone.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>An arrangement of two lenses for a microscope, designed to correct spherical aberration and chromatic dispersion, thus rendering the image of an object more clear and distinct.</def>

<i>W. H. Wollaston.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> (See No. 1.) <def>Two dice, each of which, when thrown, has the same number of spots on the face lying uppermost; <as>as, to throw <ex>doublets</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <ety>[Cf. Pr. <ets>doblier</ets>, <ets>dobler</ets> draughtboard.]</ety> <def>A game somewhat like backgammon.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>One of two or more words in the same language derived by different courses from the same original from; as, <i>crypt</i> and <i>grot</i> are <i>doublets</i>; also, <i>guard</i> and <i>ward</i>; <i>yard</i> and <i>garden</i>; <i>abridge</i> and <i>abbreviate</i>, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Doublethreaded</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble*thread`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of two threads twisted together; using two threads.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Having two screw threads instead of one; -- said of a screw in which the pitch is equal to twice the distance between the centers of adjacent threads.</def>

<h1>Double-tongue</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-tongue`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Deceit; duplicity.</def>

<blockquote>Now cometh the sin of <b>double-tongue</b>, such as speak fair before folk and wickedly behind.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Double-tongued</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-tongued`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making contrary declarations on the same subject; deceitful.</def>

<blockquote>Likewise must the deacons be grave, not <b>double-tongued</b>.
<i>1 Tim. iii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Double-tonguing</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble-tongu`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A peculiar action of the tongue by flute players in articulating staccato notes; also, the rapid repetition of notes in cornet playing.</def>

<h1>Doubletree</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"ble*tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The bar, or crosspiece, of a carriage, to which the singletrees are attached.</def>

<h1>Doublets</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Doub"lets</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Doublet</er>, 6 and 7.</def>

<h1>Doubling</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"bling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one that doubles; a making double; reduplication; also, that which is doubled.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A turning and winding; <as>as, the <ex>doubling</ex> of a hunted hare</as>; shift; trick; artifice.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The lining of the mantle borne about the shield or escutcheon.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The process of redistilling spirits, to improve the strength and flavor.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Doubling a cape</col>, <col>promontory</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, sailing around or passing beyond a cape, promontory, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Doubloon</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Doub*loon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>doublon</ets>, Sp. <ets>doblon</ets>. See <er>Double</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Dupion</er>.]</ety> <def>A Spanish gold coin, no longer issued, varying in value at different times from over fifteen dollars to about five. See <er>Doblon</er> in Sup.</def>

<h1>Doubly</h1>
<Xpage=447>

<hw>Dou"bly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In twice the quantity; to twice the degree; <as>as, <ex>doubly</ex> wise or good; to be <ex>doubly</ex> sensible of an obligation.</as></def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deceitfully.</def> "A man that deals <i>doubly</i>."

<i>Huloet.</i>

<h1>Doubt</h1>
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<hw>Doubt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dou<?/ted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Doubting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>duten</ets>, <ets>douten</ets>, OF. <ets>duter</ets>, <ets>doter</ets>, <ets>douter</ets>, F. <ets>douter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dubitare</ets>; akin to <ets>dubius</ets> doubtful. See <er>Dubious</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To waver in opinion or judgment; to be in uncertainty as to belief respecting anything; to hesitate in belief; to be undecided as to the truth of the negative or the affirmative proposition; to b e undetermined.</def>

<blockquote>Even in matters divine, concerning some things, we may lawfully <b>doubt</b>, and suspend our judgment.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To try your love and make you <b>doubt</b> of mine.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To suspect; to fear; to be apprehensive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- To waver; vacillate; fluctuate; hesitate; demur; scruple; question.</syn>

<h1>Doubt</h1>
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<hw>Doubt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To question or hold questionable; to withhold assent to; to hesitate to believe, or to be inclined not to believe; to withhold confidence from; to distrust; <as>as, I have heard the story, but I <ex>doubt</ex> the truth of it</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To admire superior sense, and <b>doubt</b> their own!
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>doubt</b> not that however changed, you keep
So much of what is graceful.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To doubt not but</col>.
<blockquote>I do <b>not doubt but</b> I have been to blame.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We <b>doubt not</b> now
<b>But</b> every rub is smoothed on our way.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>That is, we have no doubt to <i>prevent</i> us from believing, etc. (or notwithstanding all that may be said to the contrary) -- <i>but</i> having a preventive sense, after verbs of "doubting" and "denying" that convey a notion of hindrance.</note>
<i>E. A. Abbott.</i></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To suspect; to fear; to be apprehensive of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Edmond [was a] good man and <b>doubted</b> God.
<i>R. of Gloucester.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>doubt</b> some foul play.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That I of <b>doubted</b> danger had no fear.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fill with fear; to affright.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The virtues of the valiant Caratach
More <b>doubt</b> me than all Britain.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doubt</h1>
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<hw>Doubt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dute</ets>, <ets>doute</ets>, F. <ets>doute</ets>, fr. <ets>douter</ets> to doubt. See <er>Doubt</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A fluctuation of mind arising from defect of knowledge or evidence; uncertainty of judgment or mind; unsettled state of opinion concerning the reality of an event, or the truth of an assertion, etc.; hesitation.</def>

<blockquote><b>Doubt</b> is the beginning and the end of our efforts to know.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Doubt</b>, in order to be operative in requiring an acquittal, is not the want of perfect certainty (which can never exist in any question of fact) but a defect of proof preventing a reasonable assurance of quilt.
<i>Wharton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Uncertainty of condition.</def>

<blockquote>Thy life shall hang in <b>doubt</b> before thee.
<i>Deut. xxviii. 66.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Suspicion; fear; apprehension; dread.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I stand in <b>doubt</b> of you.
<i>Gal. iv. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor slack her threatful hand for danger's <b>doubt</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Difficulty expressed or urged for solution; point unsettled; objection.</def>

<blockquote>To every <b>doubt</b> your answer is the same.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>No doubt</col>, <cd>undoubtedly; without doubt.</cd> -- <col>Out of doubt</col>, <cd>beyond doubt. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Uncertainty; hesitation; suspense; indecision; irresolution; distrust; suspicion; scruple; perplexity; ambiguity; skepticism.</syn>

<h1>Doubtable</h1>
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<hw>Doubt"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>doutable</ets>, L. <ets>dubitabilis</ets>, from <ets>dubitare</ets>. Cf. <er>Dubitable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being doubted; questionable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Worthy of being feared; redoubtable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Doubtance</h1>
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<hw>Doubt"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>doutance</ets>. Cf. <er>Dubitancy</er>.]</ety> <def>State of being in doubt; uncertainty; doubt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Doubter</h1>
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<hw>Doubt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who doubts; one whose opinion is unsettled; one who scruples.</def>

<h1>Doubtful</h1>
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<hw>Doubt"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not settled in opinion; undetermined; wavering; hesitating in belief; also used, metaphorically, of the body when its action is affected by such a state of mind; <as>as, we are <ex>doubtful</ex> of a fact, or of the propriety of a measure</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Methinks I should know you, and know this man;
Yet I am <b>doubtful</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With <b>doubtful</b> feet and wavering resolution.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="448">
Page 448<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Admitting of doubt; not obvious, clear, or certain; questionable; not decided; not easy to be defined, classed, or named; <as>as, a <ex>doubtful</ex> case, hue, claim, title, species, and the like</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Beauty is but a vain and <b>doubtful</b> good.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Is it a great cruelty to expel from our abode the enemy of our peace, or even the <b>doubtful</b> friend [i. e., one as to whose sincerity there may be doubts]?
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Characterized by ambiguity; dubious; <as>as, a <ex>doubtful</ex> expression; a <ex>doubtful</ex> phrase.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Of uncertain issue or event.</def>

<blockquote>We . . . have sustained one day in <b>doubtful</b> fight.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The strife between the two principles had been long, fierce, and <b>doubtful</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Fearful; apprehensive; suspicious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I am <b>doubtful</b> that you have been conjunct
And bosomed with her.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Wavering; vacillating; hesitating; undetermined; distrustful; dubious; uncertain; equivocal; ambiguous; problematical; questionable.</syn>

<h1>Doubtfully</h1>
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<hw>Doubt"ful*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a doubtful manner.</def>

<blockquote>Nor did the goddess <b>doubtfully</b> declare.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doubtfulness</h1>
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<hw>Doubt"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>State of being doubtful.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Uncertainty of meaning; ambiguity; indefiniteness.</def> " The <i>doubtfulness</i> of his expressions."

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Uncertainty of event or issue.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Doubting</h1>
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<hw>Doubt"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That is uncertain; that distrusts or hesitates; having doubts.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Doubt"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Doubtless</h1>
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<hw>Doubt"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from fear or suspicion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Pretty child, sleep <b>doubtless</b> and secure.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doubtless</h1>
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<hw>Doubt"less</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Undoubtedly; without doubt.</def>

<h1>Doubtlessly</h1>
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<hw>Doubt"less*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Unquestionably.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Doubtous</h1>
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<hw>Doubt"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>dotos</ets>, <ets>douteus</ets>, F. <ets>douteux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Doubtful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Douc</h1>
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<hw>Douc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A monkey (<spn>Semnopithecus nem\'91us</spn>), remarkable for its varied and brilliant colors. It is a native of Cochin China.</def>

<h1>Douce</h1>
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<hw>Douce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>doux</ets>, masc., <ets>douce</ets>, fem., sweet, fr. L. <ets>duleis</ets> sweet.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Sweet; pleasant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sober; prudent; sedate; modest.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>And this is a <b>douce</b>, honest man.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doucepere</h1>
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<hw>Douce"pere`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>les douze pairs</ets> the twelve peers of France, renowned in romantic fiction.]</ety> <def>One of the twelve peers of France, companions of Charlemagne in war.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>douzepere</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Big-looking like a doughty <b>doucepere</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doucet, Dowset</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dou"cet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dow"set</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>doucet</ets> sweet, dim. of <ets>doux</ets>. See <er>Douce</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A custard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dowcet, or deep's testicle.</def>

<h1>Douceur</h1>
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<hw>Dou`ceur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>doux</ets> sweet. See <er>Douce</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Gentleness and sweetness of manner; agreeableness.</def>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gift for service done or to be done; an honorarium; a present; sometimes, a bribe.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Douche</h1>
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<hw>Douche</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>doccia</ets>, fr. <ets>docciare</ets> to flow, pour, fr. an assumed LL. <ets>ductiare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ducere</ets>, <ets>ductum</ets>, to lead, conduct (water). See <er>Duct</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A jet or current of water or vapor directed upon some part of the body to benefit it medicinally; a douche bath.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A syringe.</def>

<h1>Doucine</h1>
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<hw>Dou"cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <i>Cyma<?/recta</i>, under <er>Cyma</er>.</def>

<h1>Doucker</h1>
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<hw>Douck"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>aouck</ets>, for <ets>duck</ets>. See <er>Duck</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A grebe or diver; -- applied also to the golden-eye, pochard, scoter, and other ducks.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ducker</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Dough</h1>
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<hw>Dough</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dagh</ets>, <ets>dogh</ets>, <ets>dow</ets>, AS. <ets>d\'beh</ets>; akin to D. <ets>deeg</ets>, G. <ets>teig</ets>, Icel. <ets>deig</ets>, Sw. <ets>deg</ets>, Dan. <ets>deig</ets>, Goth. <ets>daigs</ets>; also, to Goth. <ets>deigan</ets> to knead, L. <ets>fingere</ets> to form, shape, Skr. <ets>dih</ets> to smear; cf. Gr. <?/ wall, <?/ to touch, handle. <?/. Cf. <er>Feign</er>, <er>Figure</er>, <er>Dairy</er>, <er>Duff</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Paste of bread; a soft mass of moistened flour or meal, kneaded or unkneaded, but not yet baked; <as>as, to knead <ex>dough</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything of the consistency of such paste.</def>

<cs><col>To have one's cake dough</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cake</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dough-baked</h1>
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<hw>Dough"-baked`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Imperfectly baked; hence, not brought to perfection; unfinished; also, of weak or dull understanding.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Doughbird</h1>
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<hw>Dough"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Eskimo curlew (<spn>Numenius borealis</spn>). See <er>Curlew</er>.</def>

<h1>Doughface</h1>
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<hw>Dough"face`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A contemptuous nickname for a timid, yielding politician, or one who is easily molded.</def> <mark>[Political cant, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Dough-faced</h1>
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<hw>Dough"-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Easily molded; pliable.</def>

<h1>Doughfaceism</h1>
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<hw>Dough"face`ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The character of a doughface; truckling pliability.</def>

<h1>Doughiness</h1>
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<hw>Dough"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being doughy.</def>

<h1>Dough-kneaded</h1>
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<hw>Dough"-knead`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like dough; soft.</def>

<blockquote>He demeans himself . . . like a <b>dough-kneaded</b> thing.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doughnut</h1>
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<hw>Dough"nut</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small cake (usually sweetened) fried in a kettle of boiling lard.</def>

<h1>Doughtily</h1>
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<hw>Dough"ti*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a doughty manner.</def>

<h1>Doughtiness</h1>
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<hw>Dough"ti*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being doughty; valor; bravery.</def>

<h1>Doughtren</h1>
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<hw>Dough"tren</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Daughter</er>.]</ety> <def>Daughters.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Doughty</h1>
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<hw>Dough"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Doughtier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Doughtiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>duhti</ets>, <ets>dohti</ets>, <ets>douhti</ets>, brave, valiant, fit, useful, AS, <ets>dyhtig</ets>; akin to G. <ets>t\'81chtig</ets>, Dan. <ets>dygtig</ets>, Sw. <ets>dygdig</ets> virtuous, and fr. AS. <ets>dugan</ets> to avail, be of use, be strong, akin to D. <ets>deugen</ets>, OHG. <ets>tugan</ets>, G. <ets>taugen</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>duga</ets>, Dan. <ets>due</ets>, Goth. <ets>dugan</ets>, but of uncertain origin; cf. Skr. <ets>duh</ets> to milk, give milk, draw out, or Gr. <?/ fortune. <?/.]</ety> <def>Able; strong; valiant; redoubtable; <as>as, a <ex>doughty</ex> hero</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sir Thopas wex [grew] a <b>doughty</b> swain.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Doughty</b> families, hugging old musty quarrels to their hearts, buffet each other from generation to generation.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Now seldom used, except in irony or burlesque.</note>

<h1>Doughy</h1>
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<hw>Dough"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like dough; soft and heavy; pasty; crude; flabby and pale; <as>as, a <ex>doughy</ex> complexion</as>.</def>

<h1>Doulocracy</h1>
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<hw>Dou*loc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ slave + <?/ to rule.]</ety> <def>A government by slaves.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dulocracy</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Hare.</i>

<h1>Doum palm</h1>
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<hw>Doum" palm`</hw> <tt>(d&oomac;m" p&aum;m`)</tt>. <def>See <er>Doom palm</er>.</def>

<h1>Doupe</h1>
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<hw>Doupe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The carrion crow.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dob</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Dour</h1>
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<hw>Dour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dur</ets>, L. <ets>durus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hard; inflexible; obstinate; sour in aspect; hardy; bold.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>dour</b> wife, a sour old carlin.
<i>C. Reade.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doura</h1>
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<hw>Dou"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of millet. See <er>Durra</er>.</def>

<h1>Douroucouli</h1>
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<hw>Dou`rou*cou"li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Durukuli</er>.</def>

<h1>Douse</h1>
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<hw>Douse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Doused</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dousing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Dowse</er>, and OD. <ets>donsen</ets> to strike with the fist on the back, Sw. <ets>dunsa</ets> to fall down violently and noisily; perh. akin to E. <ets>din</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To plunge suddenly into water; to duck; to immerse; to dowse.</def>

<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To strike or lower in haste; to slacken suddenly; <as>as, <ex>douse</ex> the topsail</as>.</def>

<h1>Douse</h1>
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<hw>Douse</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fall suddenly into water.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Douse</h1>
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<hw>Douse</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>dw\'91scan</ets>. (Skeat.)]</ety> <def>To put out; to extinguish.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark> " To <i>douse</i> the glim."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Dousing-chock</h1>
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<hw>Dous"ing-chock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>One of several pieces fayed across the apron and lapped in the knightheads, or inside planking above the upper deck.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Dout</h1>
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<hw>Dout</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Do</ets> + <ets>out</ets>. Cf. <er>Doff</er>.]</ety> <def>To put out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "It <i>douts</i> the light."

<i>Sylvester.</i>

<h1>Douter</h1>
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<hw>Dout"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An extinguisher for candles.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dove</h1>
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<hw>Dove</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dove</ets>, <ets>duve</ets>, <ets>douve</ets>, AS. <ets>d<?/fe</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>d<?/ba</ets>, D. <ets>duif</ets>, OHG. <ets>t<?/ba</ets>, G. <ets>taube</ets>, Icel. <ets>d<?/fa</ets>, Sw. <ets>dufva</ets>, Dan. <ets>due</ets>, Goth. <ets>d<?/b<?/</ets>; perh. from the root of E. <ets>dive</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A pigeon of the genus <spn>Columba</spn> and various related genera. The species are numerous.</def>

<note>&hand; The domestic dove, including the varieties called <i>fantails</i>, <i>tumblers</i>, <i>carrier pigeons</i>, etc., was derived from the <i>rock pigeon</i> (<spn>Columba livia</spn>) of Europe and Asia; the <i>turtledove</i> of Europe, celebrated for its sweet, plaintive note, is <spn>C. turtur</spn> or <spn>Turtur vulgaris</spn>; the <i>ringdove</i>, the largest of European species, is <spn>C. palumbus</spn>; the <i>Carolina dove</i>, or <i>Mourning dove</i>, is <spn>Zenaidura macroura</spn>; the <i>sea dove</i> is the little auk (<spn>Mergulus alle</spn> or <spn>Alle alle</spn>). See <er>Turtledove</er>, <er>Ground dove</er>, and <er>Rock pigeon</er>. The dove is a symbol of innocence, gentleness, and affection; also, in art and in the Scriptures, the typical symbol of the Holy <er>Ghost</er>.</note><-- also a symbol of peace -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A word of endearment for one regarded as pure and gentle.</def>

<blockquote>O my <b>dove</b>, . . . let me hear thy voice.
<i>Cant. ii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Dove tick</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a mite (<spn>Argas reflexus</spn>) which infests doves and other birds.</cd> -- <col>Soiled dove</col>, <cd>a prostitute. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Dovecot, Dovecote</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw><hw>Dove"cot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dove"cote`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small house or box, raised to a considerable height above the ground, and having compartments, in which domestic pigeons breed; a dove house.</def>

<blockquote>Like an eagle in a <b>dovecote</b>, I
Fluttered your Volscians in Corioli.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dove-eyed</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dove"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having eyes like a dove; meekeyed; <as>as, <ex>dove-eyed</ex> Peace</as>.</def>

<h1>Dovekie</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dove"kie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A guillemot (<spn>Uria grylle</spn>), of the arctic regions. Also applied to the little auk or sea dove. See under <er>Dove</er>.</def>

<h1>Dovelet</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dove"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A young or small dove.</def>

<i>Booth.</i>

<h1>Dovelike</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dove"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mild as a dove; gentle; pure and lovable.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Dove plant</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dove" plant`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Central American orchid (<spn>Peristeria elata</spn>), having a flower stem five or six feet high, with numerous globose white fragrant flowers. The column in the center of the flower resembles a dove; -- called also <altname>Holy Spirit plant</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dover's Powder</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Do"ver's Pow"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From Dr. <ets>Dover</ets>, an English physician.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A powder of ipecac and opium, compounded, in the United States, with sugar of milk, but in England (as formerly in the United States) with sulphate of potash, and in France (as in Dr. Dover's original prescription) with nitrate and sulphate of potash and licorice. It is an anodyne diaphoretic.</def>

<h1>Dove's-foot</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dove's"-foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small annual species of Geranium, native in England; -- so called from the shape of the leaf</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The columbine.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Doveship</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dove"ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The possession of dovelike qualities, harmlessness and innocence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Dovetail</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dove"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A flaring tenon, or tongue (shaped like a bird's tail spread), and a mortise, or socket, into which it fits tightly, making an interlocking joint between two pieces which resists pulling a part in all directions except one.</def>

<cs><col>Dovetail molding</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a molding of any convex section arranged in a sort of zigzag, like a series of dovetails.</cd> -- <col>Dovetail saw</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a saw used in dovetailing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dovetail</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dove"tail`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dovetailed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dovetailing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To cut to a dovetail</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To join by means of dovetails.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fit in or connect strongly, skillfully, or nicely; to fit ingeniously or complexly.</def>

<blockquote>He put together a piece of joinery so crossly indented and whimsically <b>dovetailed</b> . . . that it was indeed a very curious show.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dovish</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dov"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a dove; harmless; innocent.</def> "Joined with <i>dovish</i> simplicity."

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Dow</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of vessel. See <er>Dhow</er>.</def>

<h1>Dow</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dow</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>douer</ets>. See <er>Dower</er>.]</ety> <def>To furnish with a dower; to endow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Dowable</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dow"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Dow</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Capable of being endowed; entitled to dower.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Dowager</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dow"a*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>douagiere</ets>, fr. <ets>douage</ets> dower. See <er>Dower</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A widow endowed, or having a jointure; a widow who either enjoys a dower from her deceased husband, or has property of her own brought by her to her husband on marriage, and settled on her after his decease.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>  <i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A title given in England to a widow, to distinguish her from the wife of her husband's heir bearing the same name; -- chiefly applied to widows of personages of rank.</def>

<blockquote>With prudes for proctors, <b>dowagers</b> for deans.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Queen dowager</col>, <cd>the widow of a king.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dowagerism</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dow"a*ger*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The rank or condition of a dowager; formality, as that of a dowager. Also used figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>Mansions that have passed away into <b>dowagerism</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dowcet</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dow"cet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Doucet</er>.]</ety> <def>One of the testicles of a hart or stag.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>doucet</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Dowdy</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dow"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Dowdier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Dowdiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Scot. <ets>dawdie</ets> slovenly, <ets>daw</ets>, <ets>da</ets> sluggard, drab, Prov. E. <ets>dowd</ets> flat, dead.]</ety> <def>Showing a vulgar taste in dress; awkward and slovenly in dress; vulgar-looking.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dow"di*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dow"di*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dowdy</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dow"dy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dowdies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>An awkward, vulgarly dressed, inelegant woman.</def>

<i>Shak. Dryden.</i>

<h1>Dowdyish</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dow"dy*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a dowdy.</def>

<h1>Dowel</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dow"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>d\'94bel</ets> peg, F. <ets>douelle</ets> state of a cask, surface of an arch, <ets>douille</ets> socket, little pipe, cartridge.]</ety> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A pin, or block, of wood or metal, fitting into holes in the abutting portions of two pieces, and being partly in one piece and partly in the other, to keep them in their proper relative position.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of wood driven into a wall, so that other pieces may be nailed to it.</def>

<cs><col>Dowel joint</col>, <cd>a joint secured by a dowel or dowels.</cd> -- <col>Dowel pin</col>, <cd>a dowel. See <er>Dowel</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <p><b>1</b>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dowel</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dow"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Doweled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> &or; <er>Dowelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Doweling</er> or <er>Dowelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To fasten together by dowels; to furnish with dowels; <as>as, a cooper <ex>dowels</ex> pieces for the head of a cask</as>.</def>

<h1>Dower</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>douaire</ets>, LL. <ets>dotarium</ets>, from L. <ets>dotare</ets> to endow, portion, fr. <ets>dos</ets> dower; akin to Gr. <?/ gift, and to L. <ets>dare</ets> to give. See 1st <er>Date</er>, and cf. <er>Dot</er> dowry, <er>Dotation</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That with which one is gifted or endowed; endowment; gift.</def>

<blockquote>How great, how plentiful, how rich a <b>dower</b>!
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Man in his primeval <b>dower</b> arrayed.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The property with which a woman is endowed</def>; especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That which a woman brings to a husband in marriage; dowry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His wife brought in <b>dower</b> Cilicia's crown.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>That portion of the real estate of a man which his widow enjoys during her life, or to which a woman is entitled after the death of her husband</def>.

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Dower</i>, in modern use, is and should be distinguished from <i>dowry</i>. The former is a provision for a widow on her husband's death; the latter is a bride's portion on her marriage.</note>
<i>Abbott.</i>

<cs><col>Assignment of dower</col>. <cd>See under <er>Assignment</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dowered</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dow"ered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Furnished with, or as with, dower or a marriage portion.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dowerless</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dow"er*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of dower; having no marriage portion.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dowery</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dow"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Dower</er>.</def>

<h1>Dowitcher</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dow"itch*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The red-breasted or gray snipe (<spn>Macrorhamphus griseus</spn>); -- called also <altname>brownback</altname>, and <altname>grayback</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dowl</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dowl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Dowle</er>.</def>

<h1>Dowlas</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dow"las</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>Doullens</ets>, a town of Picardy, in France, formerly celebrated for this manufacture.]</ety> <def>A coarse linen cloth made in the north of England and in Scotland, now nearly replaced by calico.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dowle</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Dowle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>douille</ets> soft. Cf. <er>Ductile</er>.]</ety> <def>Feathery or wool-like down; filament of a feather.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>No feather, or <b>dowle</b> of a feather.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Down</h1>
<Xpage=448>

<hw>Down</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to LG. <ets>dune</ets>, <ets>dun</ets>, Icel. <ets>d<?/nn</ets>, Sw. <ets>dun</ets>, Dan. <ets>duun</ets>, G. <ets>daune</ets>, cf. D. <ets>dons</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>dust</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Fine, soft, hairy outgrowth from the skin or surface of animals or plants, not matted and fleecy like wool</def>; esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The soft under feathers of birds. They have short stems with soft rachis and bards and long threadlike barbules, without hooklets</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pubescence of plants; the hairy crown or envelope of the seeds of certain plants, as of the thistle</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The soft hair of the face when beginning to appear.</def>

<blockquote>And the first <b>down</b> begins to shade his face.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is made of down, as a bed or pillow; that which affords ease and repose, like a bed of down</def>

<blockquote>When in the <b>down</b> I sink my head,
Sleep, Death's twin brother, times my breath.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou bosom softness, <b>down</b> of all my cares!
<i>Southern.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="449">
Page 449<p>

<cs><col>Down tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree of Central America (<spn>Ochroma Lagopus</spn>), the seeds of which are enveloped in vegetable wool.</cd></cs>

<h1>Down</h1>
<Xpage=449>

<hw>Down</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover, ornament, line, or stuff with down.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Down</h1>
<Xpage=449>

<hw>Down</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dun</ets>, <ets>doun</ets>, AS. <ets>d<?/n</ets>; of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. <ets>d<?/n</ets> hill, fortified hill, Gael. <ets>dun</ets> heap, hillock, hill, W. <ets>din</ets> a fortified hill or mount; akin to E. <ets>town</ets>. See <er>Town</er>, and cf. <er>Down</er>, <tt>adv.</tt> & <tt>prep.</tt>, <er>Dune</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A bank or rounded hillock of sand thrown up by the wind along or near the shore; a flattish-topped hill; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>Hills afford prospects, as they must needs acknowledge who have been on the <b>downs</b> of Sussex.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She went by dale, and she went by <b>down</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tract of poor, sandy, undulating or hilly land near the sea, covered with fine turf which serves chiefly for the grazing of sheep; -- usually in the plural.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>Seven thousand broad-tailed sheep grazed on his <b>downs</b>.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A road for shipping in the English Channel or Straits of Dover, near Deal, employed as a naval rendezvous in time of war.</def>

<blockquote>On the 11th [June, 1771] we run up the channel . . . at noon we were abreast of Dover, and about three came to an anchor in the <b>Downs</b>, and went ashore at Deal.
<i>Cook (First Voyage).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <ety>[From the adverb.]</ety> <def>A state of depression; low state; abasement.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>It the <b>downs</b> of life too much outnumber the ups.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Down</h1>
<Xpage=449>

<hw>Down</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[For older <ets>adown</ets>, AS. <ets>ad<?/n</ets>, <ets>ad<?/ne</ets>, prop., from or off the hill. See 3d <er>Down</er>, and cf. <er>Adown</er>, and cf. <er>Adown</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In the direction of gravity or toward the center of the earth; toward or in a lower place or position; below; -- the opposite of <i>up</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> Hence, in many derived uses, as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>From a higher to a lower position, literally or figuratively; in a descending direction; from the top of an ascent; from an upright position; to the ground or floor; to or into a lower or an inferior condition; as, into a state of humility, disgrace, misery, and the like; into a state of rest; -- used with verbs indicating motion.</def>

<blockquote>It will be rain to-night. Let it come <b>down</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I sit me <b>down</b> beside the hazel grove.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And that drags <b>down</b> his life.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is not a more melancholy object in the learned world than a man who has written himself <b>down</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The French . . . shone <b>down</b> [i. e., <b>outshone</b>] the English.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>In a low or the lowest position, literally or figuratively; at the bottom of a decent; below the horizon; of the ground; in a condition of humility, dejection, misery, and the like; in a state of quiet</def>.

<blockquote>I was <b>down</b> and out of breath.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The moon is <b>down</b>; I have not heard the clock.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He that is <b>down</b> needs fear no fall.
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>From a remoter or higher antiquity.</def>

<blockquote>Venerable men! you have come <b>down</b> to us from a former generation.
<i>D. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>From a greater to a less bulk, or from a thinner to a thicker consistence; <as>as, to boil <ex>down</ex> in cookery, or in making decoctions</as>.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Down</i> is sometimes used elliptically, standing for <i>go down</i>, <i>come down</i>, <i>tear down</i>, <i>take down</i>, <i>put down</i>, <i>haul down</i>, <i>pay down</i>, and the like, especially in command or exclamation.</note>

<blockquote><b>Down</b>, therefore, and beg mercy of the duke.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If he be hungry more than wanton, bread alone will <b>down</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<i>Down</i> is also used intensively; as, to be loaded <i>down</i>; to fall <i>down</i>; to hang <i>down</i>; to drop <i>down</i>; to pay <i>down</i>.

<blockquote>The temple of Her\'8a at Argos was burnt <b>down</b>.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></blockquote>

<i>Down</i>, as well as <i>up</i>, is sometimes used in a conventional sense; as, <i>down</i> East.

<blockquote>Persons in London say <b>down</b> to Scotland, etc., and those in the provinces, <b>up</b> to London.
<i>Stormonth.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Down helm</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an order to the helmsman to put the helm to leeward.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Down on</col> &or; <col>upon</col></mcol> (joined with a verb indicating motion, as <i>go<i>, <i>come<i>, <i>pounce<i>), <cd>to attack, implying the idea of threatening power.</cd>

<blockquote>Come <b>down</b> upon us with a mighty power.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Down with</col>, <cd>take down, throw down, put down; -- used in energetic command.</cd> "<i>Down with</i> the palace; fire it." <i>Dryden</i>. -- <col>To be down on</col>, <cd>to dislike and treat harshly.</cd> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>To cry down</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cry</er>, <tt>v. t. </tt></cd> -- <col>To cut down</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cut</er>, <tt>v. t. </tt></cd> -- <col>Up and down</col>, <cd>with rising and falling motion; to and fro; hither and thither; everywhere.</cd> "Let them wander <i>up and down</i>." <i>Ps. lix. 15</i>.</cs>

<h1>Down</h1>
<Xpage=449>

<hw>Down</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Down</er>, <tt>adv.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In a descending direction along; from a higher to a lower place upon or within; at a lower place in or on; <as>as, <ex>down</ex> a hill; <ex>down</ex> a well.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Towards the mouth of a river; towards the sea; <as>as, to sail or swim <ex>down</ex> a stream; to sail <ex>down</ex> the sound.</as></def>

<cs><col>Down the country</col>, <cd>toward the sea, or toward the part where rivers discharge their waters into the ocean.</cd> -- <col>Down the sound</col>, <cd>in the direction of the ebbing tide; toward the sea.</cd></cs>

<h1>Down</h1>
<Xpage=449>

<hw>Down</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Downed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Downing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause to go down; to make descend; to put down; to overthrow, as in wrestling; hence, to subdue; to bring down.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Colloq.]</mark> "To <i>down</i> proud hearts."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<blockquote>I remember how you <b>downed</b> Beauclerk and Hamilton, the wits, once at our house.
<i>Madame D'Arblay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Down</h1>
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<hw>Down</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To go down; to descend.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Down</h1>
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<hw>Down</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Downcast; <as>as, a <ex>down</ex> look</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Downright; absolute; positive; <as>as, a <ex>down</ex> denial</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Downward; going down; sloping; <as>as, a <ex>down</ex> stroke; a <ex>down</ex> grade; a <ex>down</ex> train on a railway.</as></def>

<cs><col>Down draught</col>, <cd>a downward draft, as in a flue, chimney, shaft of a mine, etc.</cd> -- <col>Down in the mouth</col>, <cd>chopfallen; dejected.</cd></cs>
<-- = down at the mouth -->

<h1>Downbear</h1>
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<hw>Down"bear`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bear down; to depress.</def>

<h1>Downcast</h1>
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<hw>Down"cast`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cast downward; directed to the ground, from bashfulness, modesty, dejection, or guilt.</def>

<blockquote>'T is love, said she; and then my <b>downcast</b> eyes,
And guilty dumbness, witnessed my surprise.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

- <wordforms><wf>Down"cast`ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Down"cast`ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Downcast</h1>
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<hw>Down"cast`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Downcast or melancholy look.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>downcast</b> of thine eye.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(mining)</fld> <def>A ventilating shaft down which the air passes in circulating through a mine.</def>

<h1>Downcome</h1>
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<hw>Down"come`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sudden fall; downfall; overthrow.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Iron Manuf.)</fld> <def>A pipe for leading combustible gases downward from the top of the blast furnace to the hot-blast stoves, boilers, etc., where they are burned.</def>

<h1>Downfall</h1>
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<hw>Down"fall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden fall; a body of things falling.</def>

<blockquote>Those cataracts or <b>downfalls</b> aforesaid.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Each <b>downfall</b> of a flood the mountains pour.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sudden descent from rank or state, reputation or happiness; destruction; ruin.</def>

<blockquote>Dire were the consequences which would follow the <b>downfall</b> of so important a place.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Downfallen</h1>
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<hw>Down"fall`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fallen; ruined.</def>

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Downfalling</h1>
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<hw>Down"fall`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Falling down.</def>

<h1>Downgyved</h1>
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<hw>Down"gyved`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hanging down like gyves or fetters.</def> <mark>[Poetic & Rare]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Downhaul</h1>
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<hw>Down"haul`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope to haul down, or to assist in hauling down, a sail; <as>as, a staysail <ex>downhaul</ex>; a trysail <ex>downhaul</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Downhearted</h1>
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<hw>Down"heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dejected; low-spirited.</def>

<h1>Downhill</h1>
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<hw>Down"hill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Towards the bottom of a hill; <as>as, water runs <ex>downhill</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Downhill</h1>
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<hw>Down"hill`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Declivous; descending; sloping.</def> "A <i>downhill</i> greensward."

<i>Congrewe.</i>

<h1>Downhill</h1>
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<hw>Down"hill`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Declivity; descent; slope.</def>

<blockquote>On th' icy <b>downhills</b> of this slippery life.
<i>Du Bartas (Trans. ).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Downiness</h1>
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<hw>Down"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being downy.</def>

<h1>Downlooked</h1>
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<hw>Down"looked`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a downcast countenance; dejected; gloomy; sullen.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Downlying</h1>
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<hw>Down"ly`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The time of retiring to rest; time of repose.</def>

<i>Cavendish.</i>

<cs><col>At the downlying</col>, <cd>at the travail in childbirth. <mark>[Scot.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Downpour</h1>
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<hw>Down"pour`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pouring or streaming downwards; esp., a heavy or continuous shower.</def>

<h1>Downright</h1>
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<hw>Down"right`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Straight down; perpendicularly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In plain terms; without ceremony.</def>

<blockquote>We shall chide <b>downright</b>, id I longer stay.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Without delay; at once; completely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She fell <b>downright</b> into a fit.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Downright</h1>
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<hw>Down"right`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Plain; direct; unceremonious; blunt; positive; <as>as, he spoke in his <ex>downright</ex> way</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A man of plain, <b>downright</b> character.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Open; artless; undisguised; absolute; unmixed; <as>as, <ex>downright</ex> atheism</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>downright</b> impossibilities charged upon it.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Gloomy fancies which in her amounted to <b>downright</b> insanity.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Down"right`ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Down"right`ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Down-share</h1>
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<hw>Down"-share`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A breastplow used in paring off turf on downs.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Downsitting</h1>
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<hw>Down"sit`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of sitting down; repose; a resting.</def>

<blockquote>Thou knowest my <b>downsitting</b> and my uprising.
<i>Ps. cxxxix. 2.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Downstairs</h1>
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<hw>Down"stairs</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Down the stairs; to a lower floor.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Below stairs; <as>as, a <ex>downstairs</ex> room</as>.</def></def2>

<h1>Downsteepy</h1>
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<hw>Down"steep`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Very steep.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Florio.</i>

<h1>Downstream</h1>
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<hw>Down"stream`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Down the stream; <as>as, floating <ex>downstream</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Downstroke</h1>
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<hw>Down"stroke`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Penmanship)</fld> <def>A stroke made with a downward motion of the pen or pencil.</def>

<h1>Downthrow</h1>
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<hw>Down"throw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The sudden drop or depression of the strata of rocks on one side of a fault. See <er>Throw</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Downtrod, Downtrodden</h1>
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<hw><hw>Down"trod`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Down"trod`den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Trodden down; trampled down; abused by superior power.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Downward, Downwards</h1>
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<hw><hw>Down"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Down"wards</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ad<?/nweard</ets>. See <er>Down</er>, <tt>adv.</tt>, and <er>-ward</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>From a higher place to a lower; in a descending course; <as>as, to tend, move, roll, look, or take root, <ex>downward</ex> or <ex>downwards</ex></as>.</def> "Looking <i>downwards</i>."

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>Their heads they <b>downward</b> bent.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>From a higher to a lower condition; toward misery, humility, disgrace, or ruin.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>downward</b> fell into a groveling swine.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>From a remote time; from an ancestor or predecessor; from one to another in a descending line.</def>

<blockquote>A ring the county wears,
That <b>downward</b> hath descended in his house,
From son to son, some four or five descents.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Downward</h1>
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<hw>Down"ward</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Moving or extending from a higher to a lower place; tending toward the earth or its center, or toward a lower level; declivous.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>downward</b> force
That drove the sand along he took his way.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Descending from a head, origin, or source; <as>as, a <ex>downward</ex> line of descent</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Tending to a lower condition or state; depressed; dejected; <as>as, <ex>downward</ex> thoughts</as>.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Downweed</h1>
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<hw>Down"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Cudweed, a species of <i>Gnaphalium</i>.</def>

<h1>Downweigh</h1>
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<hw>Down`weigh"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To weigh or press down.</def>

<blockquote>A different sin <b>downweighs</b> them to the bottom.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Downy</h1>
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<hw>Down"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Covered with down, or with pubescence or soft hairs.</def> "A <i>downy</i> feather."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Plants that . . . have <b>downy</b> or velvet rind upon their leaves.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Made of, or resembling, down. Hence, figuratively: Soft; placid; soothing; quiet.</def>  "A <i>downy</i> shower." <i>Keble</i>. "<i>Downy</i> pillow."

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>Time steals on with <b>downy</b> feet.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Cunning; wary.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Latham.</i>

<h1>Dowral</h1>
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<hw>Dow"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to a dower.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dowress</h1>
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<hw>Dow"ress</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman entitled to dower.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Dowry</h1>
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<hw>Dow"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dowries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Contr. from <ets>dowery</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>dotarium</ets>. See <er>Dower</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A gift; endowment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The money, goods, or estate, which a woman brings to her husband in marriage; a bride's portion on her marriage. See Note under <er>Dower</er>.</def>

<i>Shak. Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A gift or presents for the bride, on espousal. See <er>Dower</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Ask me never so much <b>dowry</b> and gift, and I will give . . .; but give me the damsel to wife.
<i>Gen. xxxiv. 12.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dowse</h1>
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<hw>Dowse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. 1st <er>Douse</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To plunge, or duck into water; to immerse; to douse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. OD. <ets>doesen</ets> to strike, Norw. <ets>dusa</ets> to break.]</ety> <def>To beat or thrash.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Dowse</h1>
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<hw>Dowse</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To use the dipping or divining rod, as in search of water, ore, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Adams had the reputation of having <b>dowsed</b> successfully for more than a hundred wells.
<i>Eng. Cyc.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dowse</h1>
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<hw>Dowse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A blow on the face.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>Colman.</i>

<h1>Dowser</h1>
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<hw>Dows"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A divining rod used in searching for water, ore, etc., a dowsing rod.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who uses the dowser or divining rod.</def>

<i>Eng. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Dowst</h1>
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<hw>Dowst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dowse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Dowve</h1>
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<hw>Dow"ve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Doxological</h1>
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<hw>Dox`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to doxology; giving praise to God.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Doxologize</h1>
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<hw>Dox*ol"o*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Doxologized</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Doxologizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To give glory to God, as in a doxology; to praise God with doxologies.</def>

<h1>Doxology</h1>
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<hw>Dox*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Doxologies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>doxologia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ praising, giving glory; <?/ opinion, estimation, glory, praise (from <?/ to think, imagine) + <?/ to speak: cf. F. <ets>doxologie</ets>. See <er>Dogma</er>, and <er>Legend</er>.]</ety> <def>In Christian worship: A hymn expressing praise and honor to God; a form of praise to God designed to be sung or chanted by the choir or the congregation.</def>

<blockquote>David breaks forth into these triumphant praises and <b>doxologies</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doxy</h1>
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<hw>Dox"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Doxies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Duck</er> a pet.]</ety> <def>A loose wench; a disreputable sweetheart.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Doyly</h1>
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<hw>Doy"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Doily</er>.</def>

<h1>Doze</h1>
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<hw>Doze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dozed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dozing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. akin to <ets>daze</ets>, <ets>dizzy</ets>: cf. Icel. <ets>d<?/sa</ets> to doze, Dan. <ets>d\'94se</ets> to make dull, heavy, or drowsy, <ets>d\'94s</ets> dullness, drowsiness, <ets>d\'94sig</ets> drowsy, AS. <ets>dw<?/s</ets> dull, stupid, foolish. <?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Dizzy</er>.]</ety> <def>To slumber; to sleep lightly; to be in a dull or stupefied condition, as if half asleep; to be drowsy.</def>

<blockquote>If he happened to <b>doze</b> a little, the jolly cobbler waked him.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doze</h1>
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<hw>Doze</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pass or spend in drowsiness; <as>as, to <ex>doze</ex> away one's time</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make dull; to stupefy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I was an hour . . . in casting up about twenty sums, being <b>dozed</b> with much work.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They left for a long time <b>dozed</b> and benumbed.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Doze</h1>
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<hw>Doze</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A light sleep; a drowse.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Dozen</h1>
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<hw>Doz"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dozen</plw> (before another noun), <plw>Dozens</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[OE. <ets>doseine</ets>, <ets>dosein</ets>, OF. <ets>doseine</ets>, F. <ets>douzaine</ets>, fr. <ets>douze</ets> twelve, fr. L. <ets>duodecim</ets>; <ets>duo</ets> two + <ets>decem</ets> ten. See <er>Two</er>, <er>Ten</er>, and cf. <er>Duodecimal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A collection of twelve objects; a tale or set of twelve; with or without <i>of</i> before the substantive which follows.</def>  "Some six or seven <i>dozen</i> of Scots."  "A <i>dozen</i> of shirts to your back." "A <i>dozen</i> sons."  "Half a <i>dozen</i> friends."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An indefinite small number.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>A baker's dozen</col>, <cd>thirteen; -- called also a <altname>long dozen</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dozenth</h1>
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<hw>Doz"enth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Twelfth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dozer</h1>
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<hw>Doz"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dozes or drowses.</def>

<h1>Doziness</h1>
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<hw>Doz"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being dozy; drowsiness; inclination to sleep.</def>

<h1>Dozy</h1>
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<hw>Doz"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Drowsy; inclined to doze; sleepy; sluggish; <as>as, a <ex>dozy</ex> head</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Dozzled</h1>
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<hw>Doz"zled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>Stupid; heavy.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Drab</h1>
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<hw>Drab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>drabbe</ets> dregs, lees; akin to D. <ets>drab</ets>, <ets>drabbe</ets>, dregs, G. <ets>treber</ets>; for sense 1, cf. also Gael. <ets>drabag</ets> a slattern, <ets>drabach</ets> slovenly. Cf. <er>Draff</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A low, sluttish woman.</def>

<i>King.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lewd wench; a strumpet.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A wooden box, used in salt works for holding the salt when taken out of the boiling pans.</def>

<h1>Drab</h1>
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<hw>Drab</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Drabbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Drabbing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To associate with strumpets; to wench.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Drab</h1>
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<hw>Drab</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>drap</ets> cloth: LL. <ets>drappus</ets>, <ets>trapus</ets>, perh. orig., a firm, solid stuff, cf. F. <ets>draper</ets> to drape, also to full cloth; prob. of German origin; cf. Icel. <ets>drepa</ets> to beat, strike, AS. <ets>drepan</ets>, G. <ets>treffen</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>drub</ets>. Cf. <er>Drape</er>, <er>Trappings</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of thick woolen cloth of a dun, or dull brownish yellow, or dull gray, color; -- called also <altname>drabcloth</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dull brownish yellow or dull gray color.</def>

<h1>Drab</h1>
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<hw>Drab</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a color between gray and brown.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A drab color.</def></def2>

<h1>Drabber</h1>
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<hw>Drab"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who associates with drabs; a wencher.</def>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Drabbet</h1>
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<hw>Drab"bet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coarse linen fabric, or duck.</def>

<h1>Drabbish</h1>
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<hw>Drab"bish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat drab in color.</def>

<h1>Drabbish</h1>
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<hw>Drab"bish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the character of a drab or low wench.</def> "The <i>drabbish</i> sorceress."

<i>Drant.</i>

<h1>Drabble</h1>
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<hw>Drab"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Drabbled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Drabbling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<?/<?/<?/.See <er>Drab</er>, <er>Draff</er>.]</ety> <def>To draggle; to wet and befoul by draggling; as, to <i>drabble</i> a gown or cloak.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<hr>
<page="450">
Page 450<p>

<h1>Drabble</h1>
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<hw>Drab"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fish with a long line and rod; <as>as, to <ex>drabble</ex> for barbels</as>.</def>

<h1>Drabbler</h1>
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<hw>Drab"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of canvas fastened by lacing to the bonnet of a sail, to give it a greater depth, or more drop.</def>

<h1>Drabble-tail</h1>
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<hw>Drab"ble-tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A draggle-tail; a slattern.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Drac\'91na</h1>
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<hw>Dra*c\'91"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ she-dragon.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of liliaceous plants with woody stems and funnel-shaped flowers.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Drac\'91na Draco</i>, the source of the dragon's blood of the Canaries, forms a tree, sometimes of gigantic size.</note>

<h1>Dracanth</h1>
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<hw>Dra"canth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of gum; -- called also <altname>gum tragacanth</altname>, or <altname>tragacanth</altname>. See <er>Tragacanth</er>.</def>

<h1>Drachm</h1>
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<hw>Drachm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Drachma</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A drachma.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Same as <er>Dram</er>.</def>

<h1>Drachma</h1>
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<hw>Drach"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Drachmas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Drachm\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Dram</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A silver coin among the ancient Greeks, having a different value in different States and at different periods. The average value of the Attic drachma is computed to have been about 19 cents.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gold and silver coin of modern Greece worth 19.3 cents.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Among the ancient Greeks, a weight of about 66.5 grains; among the modern Greeks, a weight equal to a gram.</def>

<h1>Drachme</h1>
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<hw>Drach"me</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Drachma</er>.</def>

<h1>Dracin</h1>
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<hw>Dra"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dracine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Draconin</er>.</def>

<h1>Draco</h1>
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<hw>Dra"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Dragon</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The Dragon, a northern constellation within which is the north pole of the ecliptic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A luminous exhalation from marshy grounds.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of lizards. See <er>Dragon</er>, 6.</def>

<h1>Draconian</h1>
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<hw>Dra*co"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Draco, a famous lawgiver of Athens, 621 <sc>b. c.</sc></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Draconian code</col>, &or; <col>Draconian laws</col></mcol>, <cd>a code of laws made by Draco. Their measures were so severe that they were said to be written in letters of blood; hence, any laws of excessive rigor.</cd></cs>

<h1>Draconic</h1>
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<hw>Dra*con"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to Draco, the Athenian lawgiver; or to the constellation Draco; or to dragon's blood.</def>

<h1>Draconin</h1>
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<hw>Dra*co"nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>draconine</ets>. See <er>Draco</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A red resin forming the essential basis of dragon's blood; -- called also <altname>dracin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dracontic</h1>
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<hw>Dra*con"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>draco</ets> dragon, in allusion to the terms <ets>dragon's head</ets> and <ets>dragon's tail</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Belonging to that space of time in which the moon performs one revolution, from ascending node to ascending node. See <cref>Dragon's head</cref>, under <er>Dragon</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Dracontic</i> month."

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Dracontine</h1>
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<hw>Dra*con"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>draco</ets> dragon.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a dragon.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Dracunculus</h1>
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<hw>Dra*cun"cu*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dracunculi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>draco</ets> dragon.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A fish; the dragonet</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The Guinea worm (<spn>Filaria medinensis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Drad</h1>
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<hw>Drad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Dreaded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dradde</h1>
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<hw>Drad"de</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Dread</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dradge</h1>
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<hw>Dradge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Inferior ore, separated from the better by cobbing.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Draff</h1>
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<hw>Draff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>draf</ets> the sediment of ale, Icel. <ets>draf</ets> draff, husks. Cf. 1st <er>Drab</er>.]</ety> <def>Refuse; lees; dregs; the wash given to swine or cows; hogwash; waste matter.</def>

<blockquote>Prodigals lately come from swine keeping, from eating <b>draff</b> and husks.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>draff</b> and offal of a bygone age.
<i> Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Mere chaff and <b>draff</b>, much better burnt.
<i> Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Draffish</h1>
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<hw>Draff"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worthless; draffy.</def>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Draffy</h1>
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<hw>Draff"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dreggy; waste; worthless.</def>

<blockquote>The dregs and <b>draffy</b> part.
<i> Beau. &  Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Draff</h1>
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<hw>Draff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The same word as <ets>draught</ets>. OE. <ets>draught</ets>, <ets>draht</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>dragan</ets> to draw. See <er>Draw</er>, and cf. <er>Draught</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of drawing; also, the thing drawn. Same as <er>Draught</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Everything available for <b>draft</b> burden.
<i> S. G. Goodrich.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A selecting or detaching of soldiers from an army, or from any part of it, or from a military post; also from any district, or any company or collection of persons, or from the people at large; also, the body of men thus drafted.</def>

<blockquote>Several of the States had supplied the deficiency by <b>drafts</b> to serve for the year.
<i>Marshall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An order from one person or party to another, directing the payment of money; a bill of exchange.</def>

<blockquote>I thought it most prudent to deter the <b>drafts</b> till advice was received of the progress of the loan.
<i> A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An allowance or deduction made from the gross veight of goods.</def>

<i> Simmonds.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A drawing of lines for a plan; a plan delineated, or drawn in outline; a delineation. See <er>Draught</er>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The form of any writing as first drawn up; the first rough sketch of written composition, to be filled in, or completed. See <er>Draught</er>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A narrow border left on a finished stone, worked differently from the rest of its face.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A narrow border worked to a plane surface along the edge of a stone, or across its face, as a guide to the stone-cutter.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Milling)</fld> <def>The slant given to the furrows in the dress of a millstone.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Depth of water necessary to float a ship. See <er>Draught</er>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>A current of air. Same as <er>Draught</er>.</def>

<h1>Draft</h1>
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<hw>Draft</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or used for, drawing or pulling (as vehicles, loads, etc.). Same as <er>Draught</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating to, or characterized by, a draft, or current of air. Same as <er>Draught</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The forms <i>draft</i> and <i>draught</i>, in the senses above-given, are both on approved use.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Draft box</col>, <col>Draft engine</col>, <col>Draft horse</col>, <col>Draft net</col>, <col>Draft ox</col>, <col>Draft tube</col></mcol>. <cd>Same as <i>Draught box<i>, <i>Draught engine<i>, etc. See under <er>Draught</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Draft</h1>
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<hw>Draft</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Drafted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Drafting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw the outline of; to delineate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To compose and write; <as>as, to <ex>draft</ex> a memorial</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To draw from a military band or post, or from any district, company, or society; to detach; to select.</def>

<blockquote>Some royal seminary in Upper Egypt, from whence they <b>drafted</b> novices to supply their colleges and temples.
<i> Holwell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To transfer by draft.</def>

<blockquote>All her rents been <b>drafted</b> to London.
<i> Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Draftsman</h1>
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<hw>Drafts"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Draughtsman</er>.</def>

<h1>Drag</h1>
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<hw>Drag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 3d <er>Dredge</er>.]</ety> <def>A confection; a comfit; a drug.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Drag</h1>
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<hw>Drag</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dragged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dragging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>draggen</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>dragga</ets> to search with a grapnel, fr. <ets>dragg</ets> grapnel, fr. <ets>draga</ets> to draw, the same word as E. <ets>draw</ets>. <?/ See <er>Draw</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw slowly or heavily onward; to pull along the ground by main force; to haul; to trail; -- applied to drawing heavy or resisting bodies or those inapt for drawing, with labor, along the ground or other surface; <as>as, to <ex>drag</ex> stone or timber; to <ex>drag</ex> a net in fishing.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Dragged</b> by the cords which through his feet were thrust.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The grossness of his nature will have weight to <b>drag</b> thee down.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A needless Alexandrine ends the song
That, like a wounded snake, <b>drags</b> its slow length along.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To break, as land, by drawing a drag or harrow over it; to harrow; to draw a drag along the bottom of, as a stream or other water; hence, to search, as by means of a drag.</def>

<blockquote>Then while I <b>dragged</b> my brains for such a song.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To draw along, as something burdensome; hence, to pass in pain or with difficulty.</def>

<blockquote>Have <b>dragged</b> a lingering life.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To drag an anchor</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to trail it along the bottom when the anchor will not hold the ship.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Draw</er>.</syn>

<h1>Drag</h1>
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<hw>Drag</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be drawn along, as a rope or dress, on the ground; to trail; to be moved onward along the ground, or along the bottom of the sea, as an anchor that does not hold.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move onward heavily, laboriously, or slowly; to advance with weary effort; to go on lingeringly.</def>

<blockquote>The day <b>drags</b> through, though storms keep out the sun.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Long, open panegyric <b>drags</b> at best.
<i> Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To serve as a clog or hindrance; to hold back.</def>

<blockquote>A propeller is said to <b>drag</b> when the sails urge the vessel faster than the revolutions of the screw can propel her.
<i>Russell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To fish with a dragnet.</def>

<h1>Drag</h1>
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<hw>Drag</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Drag</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Dray</er> a cart, and 1st <er>Dredge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of dragging; anything which is dragged.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A net, or an apparatus, to be drawn along the bottom under water, as in fishing, searching for drowned persons, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of sledge for conveying heavy bodies; also, a kind of low car or handcart; <as>as, a stone <ex>drag</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A heavy coach with seats on top; also, a heavy carriage.</def> <mark>[Collog.]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A heavy harrow, for breaking up ground.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Anything towed in the water to retard a ship's progress, or to keep her head up to the wind; esp., a canvas bag with a hooped mouth, so used. See <cref>Drag sail</cref> (below).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Also, a skid or shoe, for retarding the motion of a carriage wheel</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Hence, anything that retards; a clog; an obstacle to progress or enjoyment.</def>

<blockquote>My lectures were only a pleasure to me, and no <b>drag</b>.
<i>J. D. Forbes.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Motion affected with slowness and difficulty, as if clogged.</def> "Had a <i>drag</i> in his walk."

<i> Hazlitt.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>The bottom part of a flask or mold, the upper part being the cope.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>A steel instrument for completing the dressing of soft stone.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Marine Engin.)</fld> <def>The difference between the speed of a screw steamer under sail and that of the screw when the ship outruns the screw; or between the propulsive effects of the different floats of a paddle wheel. See Citation under <er>Drag</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, <i>3</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Drag sail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a sail or canvas rigged on a stout frame, to be dragged by a vessel through the water in order to keep her head to the wind or to prevent drifting; -- called also <altname>drift sail</altname>, <altname>drag sheet</altname>, <altname>drag anchor</altname>, <altname>sea anchor</altname>, <altname>floating anchor</altname>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Drag twist</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a spiral hook at the end of a rod for cleaning drilled holes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dragantine</h1>
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<hw>Dra*gan"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dracanth</er>.]</ety> <def>A mucilage obtained from, or containing, gun tragacanth.</def>

<h1>Dragbar</h1>
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<hw>Drag"bar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Drawbar</er> <sd>(b)</sd></def>. Called also <altname>draglink</altname>, and <altname>drawlink</altname>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Dragbolt</h1>
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<hw>Drag"bolt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coupling pin. See under <er>Coupling</er>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Drag\'82es</h1>
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<hw>Dra`g\'82es"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. See 3d <er>Dredge</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Pharmacy)</fld> <def>Sugar-coated medicines.</def>

<h1>Draggle</h1>
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<hw>Drag"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Draggled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Draggling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>drag</ets>. <?/<?/<?/ Cf. <er>Drawl</er>.]</ety> <def>To wet and soil by dragging on the ground, mud, or wet grass; to drabble; to trail.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<blockquote>With <b>draggled</b> nets down-hanging to the tide.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Draggle</h1>
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<hw>Drag"gle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be dragged on the ground; to become wet or dirty by being dragged or trailed in the mud or wet grass.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Draggle-tail</h1>
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<hw>Drag"gle-tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A slattern who suffers her gown to trail in the mire; a drabble-tail.</def>

<h1>Draggle-tailed</h1>
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<hw>Drag"gle-tailed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Untidy; sluttish; slatternly.</def>

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<h1>Draglink</h1>
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<hw>Drag"link`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A link connecting the cranks of two shafts.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A drawbar.</def>

<h1>Dragman</h1>
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<hw>Drag"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dragmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A fisherman who uses a dragnet.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Dragnet</h1>
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<hw>Drag"net`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>dr\'91gnet</ets>.]</ety> <def>A net to be drawn along the bottom of a body of water, as in fishing.</def>

<h1>Dragoman</h1>
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<hw>Drag"o*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dragomans</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[From F. <ets>dragoman</ets>, or Sp. <ets>dragoman</ets>, or It. <ets>dragomanno</ets>; all fr. LGr. <?/, Ar. <ets>tarjum\'ben</ets>, from the same source as E. <ets>targum</ets>. Cf. <er>Drogman</er>, <er>Truchman</er>.]</ety> <def>An interpreter; -- so called in the Levant and other parts of the East.</def>

<h1>Dragon</h1>
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<hw>Drag"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>dragon</ets>, L. <ets>draco</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, prob. fr. <?/, <?/, to look (akin to Skr. <ets>dar<?/</ets> to see), and so called from its terrible eyes. Cf. <er>Drake</er> a dragon, <er>Dragoon</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A fabulous animal, generally represented as a monstrous winged serpent or lizard, with a crested head and enormous claws, and regarded as very powerful and ferocious.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>dragons</b> which appear in early paintings and sculptures are invariably representations of a winged crocodile.
<i>Fairholt.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In Scripture the term <i>dragon</i> refers to any great monster, whether of the land or sea, usually to some kind of serpent or reptile, sometimes to land serpents of a powerful and deadly kind. It is also applied metaphorically to Satan.</note>

<blockquote>Thou breakest the heads of the <b>dragons</b> in the waters.
<i> Ps. lxxiv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder; the young lion and the <b>dragon</b> shalt thou trample under feet.
<i> Ps. xci. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He laid hold on the <b>dragon</b>, that old serpent, which is the Devil and Satan, and bound him a thousand years.
<i>Rev. xx. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fierce, violent person, esp. a woman.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A constellation of the northern hemisphere figured as a dragon; Draco.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A luminous exhalation from marshy grounds, seeming to move through the air as a winged serpent.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mil. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A short musket hooked to a swivel attached to a soldier's belt; -- so called from a representation of a dragon's head at the muzzle.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small arboreal lizard of the genus Draco, of several species, found in the East Indies and Southern Asia. Five or six of the hind ribs, on each side, are prolonged and covered with weblike skin, forming a sort of wing. These prolongations aid them in making long leaps from tree to tree. Called also <altname>flying lizard</altname>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A variety of carrier pigeon.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A fabulous winged creature, sometimes borne as a charge in a coat of arms.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Dragon</i> is often used adjectively, or in combination, in the sense of <i>relating to</i>, <i>resembling</i>, or <i>characteristic of</i>, <i>a dragon</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Dragon arum</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the name of several species of <spn>Aris\'91ma</spn>, a genus of plants having a spathe and spadix. See <cref>Dragon root</cref>(below).</cd> -- <col>Dragon fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the dragonet.</cd> -- <col>Dragon fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any insect of the family <spn>Libellulid\'91</spn>. They have finely formed, large and strongly reticulated wings, a large head with enormous eyes, and a long body; -- called also <altname>mosquito hawks</altname>. Their larv\'91 are aquatic and insectivorous.</cd> -- <col>Dragon root</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American aroid plant (<spn>Aris\'91ma Dracontium</spn>); green dragon.</cd> -- <col>Dragon's blood</col>, <cd>a resinous substance obtained from the fruit of several species of <spn>Calamus</spn>, esp. from <spn>C. Rotang</spn> and <spn>C. Draco</spn>, growing in the East Indies. A substance known as <i>dragon's blood<i> is obtained by exudation from <spn>Drac\'91na Draco</spn>; also from <spn>Pterocarpus Draco</spn>, a tree of the West Indies and South America. The color is red, or a dark brownish red, and it is used chiefly for coloring varnishes, marbles, etc. Called also <altname>Cinnabar Gr\'91corum</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Dragon's head</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A plant of several species of the genus <spn>Dracocephalum</spn>. They are perennial herbs closely allied to the common catnip.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>The ascending node of a planet, indicated, chiefly in almanacs, by the symbol <?/. The deviation from the ecliptic made by a planet in passing from one node to the other seems, according to the fancy of some, to make a figure like that of a dragon, whose belly is where there is the greatest latitude; the intersections representing the head and tail; -- from which resemblance the denomination arises.</cd> <i>Encyc. Brit</i>. -- <col>Dragon shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of limpet.</cd> -- <col>Dragon's skin</col>, <cd>fossil stems whose leaf scars somewhat resemble the scales of reptiles; -- a name used by miners and quarrymen.</cd> <i>Stormonth</i>. -- <col>Dragon's tail</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the descending node of a planet, indicated by the symbol <?/. See <cref>Dragon's head</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Dragon's wort</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Artemisia</spn> (<spn>A. dracunculus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Dragon tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a West African liliaceous tree (<spn>Drac\'91na Draco</spn>), yielding one of the resins called dragon's blood. See <er>Drac\'91na</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dragon water</col>, <cd>a medicinal remedy very popular in the earlier half of the 17th century. "<i>Dragon water<i> may do good upon him." <i>Randolph (1640)</i>.</cd> -- <col>Flying dragon</col>, <cd>a large meteoric fireball; a bolide.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dragonet</h1>
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<hw>Drag"on*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little dragon.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small British marine fish (<spn>Callionymuslyra</spn>); -- called also <altname>yellow sculpin</altname>, <altname>fox</altname>, and <altname>gowdie</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dragonish</h1>
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<hw>Drag"on*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>resembling a dragon.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dragonlike</h1>
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<hw>Drag"on*like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a dragon.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<hr>
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<h1>Dragonnade</h1>
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<hw>Drag`on*nade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>dragon</ets> dragoon, because Louis XIV., in persecuting the Protestants of his kingdom, quartered dragoons upon them.]</ety> <def>The severe persecution of French Protestants under Louis XIV., by an armed force, usually of dragoons; hence, a rapid and devastating incursion; dragoonade.</def>

<blockquote>He learnt it as he watched the <b>dragonnades</b>, the tortures, the massacres of the Netherlands.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dragon's blood, Dragon's head, Dragon's tail</h1>
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<hw><hw>Drag"on's blood</hw>, <hw>Drag"on's head</hw>, <hw>Drag"on's tail</hw><hw>. <def>See <cref>Dragon's blood</cref>, <cref>Dragon's head</cref>, etc., under <er>Dragon</er>.</def>

<h1>Dragoon</h1>
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<hw>Dra*goon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>dragon</ets> dragon, dragoon, fr. L. <ets>draco</ets> dragon, also, a cohort's standard (with a dragon on it). The name was given from the sense <ets>standard</ets>. See <er>Dragon</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>((Mil.)</fld> <def>Formerly, a soldier who was taught and armed to serve either on horseback or on foot; now, a mounted soldier; a cavalry man.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A variety of pigeon.</def>

<i>Clarke.</i>

<cs><col>Dragoon bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the umbrella bird.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dragoon</h1>
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<hw>Dra*goon"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dragooned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dragooning</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To harass or reduce to subjection by dragoons; to persecute by abandoning a place to the rage of soldiers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To compel submission by violent measures; to harass; to persecute.</def>

<blockquote>The colonies may be influenced to anything, but they can be <b>dragooned</b> to nothing.
<i>Price.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lewis the Fourteenth is justly censured for trying to <b>dragoon</b> his subjects to heaven.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dragoonade</h1>
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<hw>Drag`oon*ade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Dragonnade</er>.</def>

<h1>Dragooner</h1>
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<hw>Dra*goon"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dragoon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Drail</h1>
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<hw>Drail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>To trail; to draggle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Drain</h1>
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<hw>Drain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Drained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Draining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>drehnigean</ets> to drain, strain; perh. akin to E. <ets>draw</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw off by degrees; to cause to flow gradually out or off; hence, to cause the exhaustion of.</def>

<blockquote>Fountains <b>drain</b> the water from the ground adjacent.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But it was not alone that the he <b>drained</b> their treasure and hampered their industry.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exhaust of liquid contents by drawing them off; to make gradually dry or empty; to remove surface water, as from streets, by gutters, etc.; to deprive of moisture; hence, to exhaust; to empty of wealth, resources, or the like; <as>as, to <ex>drain</ex> a country of its specie</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sinking waters, the firm land to <b>drain</b>,
Filled the capacious deep and formed the main.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To filter.</def>

<blockquote>Salt water, <b>drained</b> through twenty vessels of earth, hath become fresh.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drain</h1>
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<hw>Drain</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To flow gradually; <as>as, the water of low ground <ex>drains</ex> off</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To become emptied of liquor by flowing or dropping; <as>as, let the vessel stand and <ex>drain</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Drain</h1>
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<hw>Drain</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of draining, or of drawing off; gradual and continuous outflow or withdrawal; <as>as, the <ex>drain</ex> of specie from a country</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That means of which anything is drained; a channel; a trench; a water course; a sewer; a sink.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The grain from the mashing tub; <as>as, brewers' <ex>drains</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Box drain</col>, <col>Counter drain</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Box</er>, <er>Counter</er>.</cd> -- <col>Right of drain</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an easement or servitude by which one man has a right to convey water in pipes through or over the estate of another.</cd></cs>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Drainable</h1>
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<hw>Drain"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being drained.</def>

<h1>Drainage</h1>
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<hw>Drain"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A draining; a gradual flowing off of any liquid; also, that which flows out of a drain.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The mode in which the waters of a country pass off by its streams and rivers.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>The system of drains and their operation, by which superfluous water is removed from towns, railway beds, mines, and other works.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Area or district drained; <as>as, the <ex>drainage</ex> of the Po, the Thames, etc.</as></def>

<i>Latham.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The act, process, or means of drawing off the pus or fluids from a wound, abscess, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Drainage tube</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>a tube introduced into a wound, etc., to draw off the discharges.</cd></cs>

<h1>Draine</h1>
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<hw>Draine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The missel thrush.</def>

<h1>Drainer</h1>
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<hw>Drain"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, drains.</def>

<h1>Draining</h1>
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<hw>Drain"ing</hw>, <tt>vb. n.</tt> <ety>of <er>Drain</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></ety> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>The art of carrying off surplus water, as from land.</def>

<cs><col>Draining tile</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Draintile</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Drainpipe</h1>
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<hw>Drain"pipe`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pipe used for carrying off surplus water.</def>

<h1>Draintile</h1>
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<hw>Drain"tile`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hollow tile used in making drains; -- called also <altname>draining tile</altname>.</def>

<h1>Draintrap</h1>
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<hw>Drain"trap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 4th <er>Trap</er>, 5.</def>

<h1>Drake</h1>
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<hw>Drake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to LG. <ets>drake</ets>, OHG. <ets>antrache</ets>, <ets>anetrecho</ets>, G. <ets>enterich</ets>, Icel. <ets>andriki</ets>, Dan. <ets>andrik</ets>, OSw. <ets>andrak</ets>, <ets>andrage</ets>, masc., and fr. AS. <ets>ened</ets>, fem., duck; akin to D. <ets>eend</ets>, G. <ets>ente</ets>, Icel. <ets>\'94nd</ets>, Dan. <ets>and</ets>, Sw. <ets>and</ets>, Lith. <ets>antis</ets>, L. <ets>anas</ets>, Gr. <?/ (for <?/), and perh. Skr. <ets>\'beti</ets> a water fowl. <?/<?/<?/<?/. In English the first part of the word was lost. The ending is akin to E. <ets>rich</ets>. Cf. <er>Gulaund</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The male of the duck kind.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. <ets>Dragon fly</ets>, under <er>Dragon</er>.]</ety> <def>The drake fly.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>drake</b> will mount steeple height into the air.
<i>Walton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Drake fly</col>, <cd>a kind of fly, sometimes used in angling.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>The dark <b>drake fly</b>, good in August.
<i>Walton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drake</h1>
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<hw>Drake</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>draca</ets> dragon, L. <ets>draco</ets>. See <er>Dragon</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A dragon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Beowulf resolves to kill the <b>drake</b>.
<i>J. A. Harrison (Beowulf).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small piece of artillery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Two or three shots, made at them by a couple of <b>drakes</b>, made them stagger.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drake</h1>
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<hw>Drake</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dravik</ets>, W. <ets>drewg</ets>, darnel, cockle, etc.]</ety> <def>Wild oats, brome grass, or darnel grass; -- called also <altname>drawk</altname>, <altname>dravick</altname>, and <altname>drank</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Drakestone</h1>
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<hw>Drake"stone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flat stone so thrown along the surface of water as to skip from point to point before it sinks; also, the sport of so throwing stones; -- sometimes called <altname>ducks and drakes</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>Internal earthquakes, that, not content with one throe, run along spasmodically, like boys playing at what is called <b>drakestone</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dram</h1>
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<hw>Dram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>drame</ets>, F. <ets>drachme</ets>, L. <ets>drachma</ets>, drachm, drachma, fr. Gr. <?/, prop., a handful, fr. <?/ to grasp. Cf. <er>Drachm</er>, <er>Drachma</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A weight; in <i>Apothecaries' weight</i>, one eighth part of an ounce, or sixty grains; in <i>Avoirdupois weight</i>, one sixteenth part of an ounce, or 27.34375 grains.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A minute quantity; a mite.</def>

<blockquote>Were I the chooser, a <b>dram</b> of well-doing should be preferred before many times as mush the forcible hindrance of evildoing.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>As much spirituous liquor as is usually drunk at once; <as>as, a <ex>dram</ex> of brandy</as>; hence, a potation or potion; <as>as, a <ex>dram</ex> of poison</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Numis.)</fld> <def>A Persian daric.</def>

<i>Ezra ii. 69.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Fluid dram</col>, &or; <col>Fluid drachm</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Fluid</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dram</h1>
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<hw>Dram</hw>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To drink drams; to ply with drams.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>  <i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Drama</h1>
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<hw>Dra"ma</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>drama</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to do, act; cf. Lith. <ets>daryti</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A composition, in prose or poetry, accommodated to action, and intended to exhibit a picture of human life, or to depict a series of grave or humorous actions of more than ordinary interest, tending toward some striking result. It is commonly designed to be spoken and represented by actors on the stage.</def>

<blockquote>A divine pastoral <b>drama</b> in the Song of Solomon.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A series of real events invested with a dramatic unity and interest.</def> "The <i>drama</i> of war."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<blockquote>Westward the course of empire takes its way;
The four first acts already past,
A fifth shall close the <b>drama</b> with the day;
Time's noblest offspring is the last.
<i>Berkeley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>drama</b> and contrivances of God's providence.
<i>Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Dramatic composition and the literature pertaining to or illustrating it; dramatic literature.</def>

<note>&hand; The principal species of the drama are <i>tragedy</i> and <i>comedy</i>; inferior species are <i>tragi-comedy</i>, <i>melodrama</i>, <i>operas</i>, <i>burlettas</i>, and <i>farces</i>.</note>

<cs><col>The romantic drama</col>, <cd>the kind of drama whose aim is to present a tale or history in scenes, and whose plays (like those of Shakespeare, Marlowe, and others) are stories told in dialogue by actors on the stage.</cd></cs>

<i>J. A. Symonds.</i>

<h1>Dramatic, Dramatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dra*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dra*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>dramatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the drama; appropriate to, or having the qualities of, a drama; theatrical; vivid.</def>

<blockquote>The emperor . . . performed his part with much <b>dramatic</b> effect.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dramatically</h1>
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<hw>Dra*mat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dramatic manner; theatrically; vividly.</def>

<h1>Dramatis person\'91</h1>
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<hw>Dram"a*tis per*so"n\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>The actors in a drama or play.</def>

<h1>Dramatist</h1>
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<hw>Dram"a*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dramatiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>The author of a dramatic composition; a writer of plays.</def>

<h1>Dramatizable</h1>
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<hw>Dram"a*ti`za*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being dramatized.</def>

<h1>Dramatization</h1>
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<hw>Dram`a*ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of dramatizing.</def>

<h1>Dramatize</h1>
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<hw>Dram"a*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dramatized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dramatizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dramatiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To compose in the form of the drama; to represent in a drama; to adapt to dramatic representation; <as>as, to <ex>dramatize</ex> a novel, or an historical episode</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>dramatized</b> tyranny for public execration.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dramaturgic</h1>
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<hw>Dram`a*tur"gic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to dramaturgy.</def>

<h1>Dramaturgist</h1>
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<hw>Dram"a*tur`gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in dramaturgy.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Dramaturgy</h1>
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<hw>Dram"a*tur`gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ dramatic composition; <?/ drama + a root akin to E. <ets>work</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dramaturgie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of dramatic composition and representation.</def>

<h1>Dramming</h1>
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<hw>Dram"ming</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice of drinking drams.</def>

<h1>Dramseller</h1>
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<hw>Dram"sell`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who sells distilled liquors by the dram or glass.</def>

<h1>Dramshop</h1>
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<hw>Dram"shop`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shop or barroom where spirits are sold by the dram.</def>

<h1>Drank</h1>
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<hw>Drank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Drink</er>.</def>

<h1>Drank</h1>
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<hw>Drank</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. 3d <er>Drake</er>.]</ety> <def>Wild oats, or darnel grass. See <er>Drake</er> a plant.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Drap d'\'82t\'82</h1>
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<hw>Drap` d'\'82*t\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., clot of summer.]</ety> <def>A thin woolen fabric, twilled like merino.</def>

<h1>Drape</h1>
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<hw>Drape</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Draped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Draping</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>draper</ets>, fr. <ets>drap</ets> cloth. See 3d <er>Drab</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover or adorn with drapery or folds of cloth, or as with drapery; <as>as, to <ex>drape</ex> a bust, a building, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>The whole people were <b>draped</b> professionally.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These starry blossoms, [of the snow] pure and white,
Soft falling, falling, through the night,
Have <b>draped</b> the woods and mere.
<i>Bungay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rail at; to banter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Drape</h1>
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<hw>Drape</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make cloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To design drapery, arrange its folds, etc., as for hangings, costumes, statues, etc.</def>

<h1>Draper</h1>
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<hw>Dra"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>drapier</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who sells cloths; a dealer in cloths; <as>as, a <ex>draper</ex> and tailor</as>.</def>

<h1>Draperied</h1>
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<hw>Dra"per*ied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered or supplied with drapery.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Drapery</h1>
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<hw>Dra"per*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Draperies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>draperie</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The occupation of a draper; cloth-making, or dealing in cloth.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cloth, or woolen stuffs in general.</def>

<blockquote>People who ought to be weighing out grocery or measuring out <b>drapery</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A textile fabric used for decorative purposes, especially when hung loosely and in folds carefully disturbed; as: <sd>(a)</sd> Garments or vestments of this character worn upon the body, or shown in the representations of the human figure in art. <sd>(b)</sd> Hangings of a room or hall, or about a bed.</def>

<blockquote>Like one that wraps the <b>drapery</b> of his couch
About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams.
<i>Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All the decent <b>drapery</b> of life is to be rudely torn off.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Casting of draperies</col>. <cd>See under <er>Casting</er>.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>The <b>casting of draperies</b> . . . is one of the most important of an artist's studies.
<i>Fairholt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drapet</h1>
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<hw>Dra"pet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>drap</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Drastic</h1>
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<hw>Dras"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to do, act: cf. F. <ets>drastique</ets>. See <er>Drama</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Acting rapidly and violently; efficacious; powerful; -- opposed to <i>bland</i>; <as>as, <ex>drastic</ex> purgatives</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A violent purgative. See <er>Cathartic</er>.</def></def2>

<h1>Drasty</h1>
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<hw>Dras"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>d\'91rstan</ets>, <ets>dresten</ets>, dregs.]</ety> <def>Filthy; worthless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Drasty</i> ryming."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Draugh</h1>
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<hw>Draugh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Draft</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Draught</h1>
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<hw>Draught</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The same as <ets>draft</ets>, the spelling with <ets>gh</ets> indicating an older pronunciation. See <er>Draft</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Draw</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of drawing or pulling</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of moving loads by drawing, as by beasts of burden, and the like.</def>

<blockquote>A general custom of using oxen for all sort of <b>draught</b> would be, perhaps, the greatest improvement.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The drawing of a bowstring</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She sent an arrow forth with mighty <b>draught</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Act of drawing a net; a sweeping the water for fish</def>.

<blockquote>Upon the <b>draught</b> of a pond, not one fish was left.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>The act of drawing liquor into the mouth and throat; the act of drinking</def>.

<blockquote>In his hands he took the goblet, but a while the <b>draught</b> forbore.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>A sudden attack or drawing upon an enemy</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>By drawing sudden <b>draughts</b> upon the enemy when he looketh not for you.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The act of selecting or detaching soldiers; a draft (see <er>Draft</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2)</def> <sd>(g)</sd> <def>The act of drawing up, marking out, or delineating; representation.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is drawn</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That which is taken by sweeping with a net.</def>

<blockquote>Launch out into the deep, and let down your nets for a <b>draught</b>.
<i>Luke v. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He laid down his pipe, and cast his net, which brought him a very great <b>draught</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The force drawn; a detachment; -- in this sense usually written <i>draft</i></def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The quantity drawn in at once in drinking; a potion or potation</def>.

<blockquote>Disguise thyself as thou wilt, still, Slavery, . . . still thou art a bitter <b>draught</b>.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Low lies that house where nut-brown <b>draughts</b> inspired.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>A sketch, outline, or representation, whether written, designed, or drawn; a delineation</def>.

<blockquote>A <b>draught</b> of a Toleration Act was offered to the Parliament by a private member.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No picture or <b>draught</b> of these things from the report of the eye.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>An order for the payment of money; -- in this sense almost always written <i>draft</i></def>. <sd>(f)</sd> <def>A current of air moving through an inclosed place, as through a room or up a chimney</def>.

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<blockquote>He preferred to go and sit upon the stairs, in . . .  a strong <b>draught</b> of air, until he was again sent for.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which draws</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A team of oxen or horses</def>. <i>Blackstone</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A sink or drain; a privy</def>. <i>Shak</i>. <i>Matt. xv. 17.</i> <sd>(c)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A mild vesicatory; a sinapism; <as>as, to apply <ex>draughts</ex> to the feet</as></def>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Capacity of being drawn; force necessary to draw; traction.</def>

<blockquote>The Hertfordshire wheel plow . . . is of the easiest <b>draught</b>.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The depth of water necessary to float a ship, or the depth a ship sinks in water, especially when laden; <as>as, a ship of twelve feet <ex>draught</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>An allowance on weighable goods. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> See <er>Draft</er>, <p><b>4.</b></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A move, as at chess or checkers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The bevel given to the pattern for a casting, in order that it may be drawn from the sand without injury to the mold.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>See <er>Draft</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <p><b>7.</b></def>

<cs><col>Angle of draught</col>, <cd>the angle made with the plane over which a body is drawn by the line in which the pulling force acts, when the latter has the direction best adapted to overcome the obstacles of friction and the weight of the body.</cd> -- <col>Black draught</col>. <cd>See under <er>Black</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <mcol><col>Blast draught</col>, &or; <col>Forced draught</col></mcol>, <cd>the draught produced by a blower, as by blowing in air beneath a fire or drawing out the gases from above it.</cd> -- <col>Natural draught</col>, <cd>the draught produced by the atmosphere flowing, by its own weight, into a chimney wherein the air is rarefied by heat.</cd> -- <col>On draught</col>, <cd>so as to be drawn from the wood (as a cask, barrel, etc.) in distinction from being bottled; as, ale <i>on draught<i>.</cd> -- <col>Sheer draught</col>. <cd>See under <er>Sheer</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Draught</h1>
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<hw>Draught</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Used for drawing vehicles, loads, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>draught</ex> beast; <ex>draught</ex> hooks.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating to, or characterized by, a draft, or current of air.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Used in making drawings; <as>as, <ex>draught</ex> compasses</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Drawn directly from the barrel, or other receptacle, in distinction from <i>bottled</i>; on draught; -- said of ale, cider, and the like.</def>

<note>&hand; This word, especially in the first and second meanings, is often written <i>draft</i>, a spelling which is approved by many authorities.</note>

<cs><col>Draught box</col>. <cd>See <cref>Draught tube</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Draught engine</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>an engine used for pumping, raising heavy weights, and the like.</cd> -- <col>Draught hook</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>one of the hooks on a cannon carriage, used in drawing the gun backward and forward.</cd> -- <col>Draught horse</col>, <cd>a horse employed in drawing loads, plowing, etc., as distinguished from a saddle horse or carriage horse.</cd> -- <col>Draught net</col>, <cd>a seine or hauling net.</cd> -- <col>Draught ox</col>, <cd>an ox employed in hauling loads, plowing, etc.</cd> -- <col>Draught tube</col> <fld>(Water Wheels)</fld>, <cd>an airtight pipe extending downward into the tailrace from a turbine wheel located above it, to make whole fall available; -- called also <altname>draught box</altname>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="452">
Page 452<p>

<h1>Draught</h1>
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<hw>Draught</hw> <tt>(dr&adot;ft)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Draughted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Draughting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw out; to call forth. See <er>Draft</er>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To diminish or exhaust by drawing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Parliament so often <b>draughted</b> and drained.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To draw in outline; to make a draught, sketch, or plan of, as in architectural and mechanical drawing.</def>

<cs><col>Draughting room</col>, <cd>a room draughtsmen to work in, and where plans are kept.</cd></cs>

<h1>Draughtboard</h1>
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<hw>Draught"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A checkered board on which draughts are played. See <er>Checkerboard</er>.</def>

<h1>Draughthouse</h1>
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<hw>Draught"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house for the reception of waste matter; a privy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>2 Kings x. 27.</i>

<h1>Draughts</h1>
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<hw>Draughts</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>A mild vesicatory. See <er>Draught</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3 <sd>(c)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Draughts</h1>
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<hw>Draughts</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>A game, now more commonly called <i>checkers</i>. See <er>Checkers</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Polish draughts</i> is sometimes played with 40 pieces on a board divided into 100 squares.</note>

<i>Am. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Draughtsman</h1>
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<hw>Draughts"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Draughtsmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>.

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who draws pleadings or other writings.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who draws plans and sketches of machinery, structures, and places; also, more generally, one who makes drawings of any kind.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A "man" or piece used in the game of draughts.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who drinks drams; a tippler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tatler.</i>

<h1>Draughtsmanship</h1>
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<hw>Draughts"man*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office, art, or work of a draughtsman.</def>

<h1>Draughty</h1>
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<hw>Draught"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a draught, or current of air; <as>as, a <ex>draughtly</ex>, comfortless room</as>.</def>

<h1>Drave</h1>
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<hw>Drave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, old <i>imp</i>. of <er>Drive</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dravida</h1>
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<hw>Dra"vi*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>Dr\'bevi<?/a</ets>, prob. meaning, Tamil.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A race Hindostan, believed to be the original people who occupied the land before the Hindoo or Aryan invasion.</def>

<h1>Dravidian</h1>
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<hw>Dra*vid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From Skr. <ets>Dr\'bevi<?/a</ets>, the name of the southern portion of the peninsula of India.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Dravida.</def>

<cs><col>Dravidian languages</col>, <cd>a group of languages of Southern India, which seem to have been the idioms of the natives, before the invasion of tribes speaking Sanskrit. Of these languages, the Tamil is the most important.</cd></cs>

<h1>Draw</h1>
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<hw>Draw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Drew</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Drawn</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Drawing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>dra<?/en</ets>, <ets>drahen</ets>, <ets>draien</ets>, <ets>drawen</ets>, AS. <ets>dragan</ets>; akin to Icel. & Sw. <ets>draga</ets>, Dan. <ets>drage</ets> to draw, carry, and prob. to OS. <ets>dragan</ets> to bear, carry, D. <ets>dragen</ets>, G. <ets>tragen</ets>, Goth. <ets>dragan</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>dhraj</ets> to move along, glide; and perh. akin to Skr. <ets>dhar</ets> to hold, bear. <?/<?/<?/. Cf. 2d <er>Drag</er>, <er>Dray</er> a cart, 1st <er>Dredge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to move continuously by force applied in advance of the thing moved; to pull along; to haul; to drag; to cause to follow.</def>

<blockquote>He cast him down to ground, and all along
<b>Drew</b> him through dirt and mire without remorse.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He hastened to <b>draw</b> the stranger into a private room.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Do not rich men oppress you, and <b>draw</b> you before the judgment seats?
<i>James ii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The arrow is now <b>drawn</b> to the head.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To influence to move or tend toward one's self; to exercise an attracting force upon; to call towards itself; to attract; hence, to entice; to allure; to induce.</def>

<blockquote>The poet
Did feign that Orpheus <b>drew</b> trees, stones, and floods.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All eyes you <b>draw</b>, and with the eyes the heart.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to come out for one's use or benefit; to extract; to educe; to bring forth; as: <sd>(a)</sd> To bring or take out, or to let out, from some receptacle, as a stick or post from a hole, water from a cask or well, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>drew</b> out the staves of the ark.
<i>2 Chron. v. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Draw</b> thee waters for the siege.
<i>Nahum iii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I opened the tumor by the point of a lancet without <b>drawing</b> one drop of blood.
<i>Wiseman.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To pull from a sheath, as a sword</def>.

<blockquote>I will <b>draw</b> my sword, my hand shall destroy them.
<i>Ex. xv. 9.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To extract; to force out; to elicit; to derive</def>.

<blockquote>Spirits, by distillations, may be <b>drawn</b> out of vegetable juices, which shall flame and fume of themselves.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Until you had <b>drawn</b> oaths from him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>To obtain from some cause or origin; to infer from evidence or reasons; to deduce from premises; to derive</def>.

<blockquote>We do not <b>draw</b> the moral lessons we might from history.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>To take or procure from a place of deposit; to call for and receive from a fund, or the like; as, to <i>draw</i> money from a bank</def>. <sd>(f)</sd> <def>To take from a box or wheel, as a lottery ticket; to receive from a lottery by the drawing out of the numbers for prizes or blanks; hence, to obtain by good fortune; to win; to gain; as, he <i>drew</i> a prize</def>. <sd>(g)</sd> <def>To select by the drawing of lots</def>.

<blockquote>Provided magistracies were filled by men freely chosen or <b>drawn</b>.
<i>Freeman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To remove the contents of</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To drain by emptying; to suck dry.</def>

<blockquote>Sucking and <b>drawing</b> the breast dischargeth the milk as fast as it can generated.
<i>Wiseman.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To extract the bowels of; to eviscerate; <as>as, to <ex>draw</ex> a fowl; to hang, <ex>draw</ex>, and quarter a criminal</as></def>.

<blockquote>In private <b>draw</b> your poultry, clean your tripe.
<i>King.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To take into the lungs; to inhale; to inspire; hence, also, to utter or produce by an inhalation; to heave.</def> "Where I first <i>drew</i> air."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote><b>Drew</b>, or seemed to <b>draw</b>, a dying groan.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To extend in length; to lengthen; to protract; to stretch; to extend, as a mass of metal into wire.</def>

<blockquote>How long her face is <b>drawn</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And the huge Offa's dike which he <b>drew</b> from the mouth of Wye to that of Dee.
<i>J. R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To run, extend, or produce, as a line on any surface; hence, also, to form by marking; to make by an instrument of delineation; to produce, as a sketch, figure, or picture.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To represent by lines drawn; to form a sketch or a picture of; to represent by a picture; to delineate; hence, to represent by words; to depict; to describe.</def>

<blockquote>A flattering painter who made it his care
To <b>draw</b> men as they ought to be, not as they are.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Can I, untouched, the fair one's passions move,
Or thou <b>draw</b> beauty and not feel its power?
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To write in due form; to prepare a draught of; <as>as, to <ex>draw</ex> a memorial, a deed, or bill of exchange.</as></def>

<blockquote>Clerk, <b>draw</b> a deed of gift.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To require (so great a depth, as of water) for floating; -- said of a vessel; to sink so deep in (water); <as>as, a ship <ex>draws</ex> ten feet of water</as>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>To withdraw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Go wash thy face, and <b>draw</b> the action.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>To trace by scent; to track; -- a hunting term.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Draw</i>, in most of its uses, retains some shade of its original sense, to pull, to move forward by the application of force in advance, or to extend in length, and usually expresses an action as gradual or continuous, and leisurely. We <i>pour</i> liquid quickly, but we <i>draw</i> it in a continued stream. We <i>force</i> compliance by threats, but we <i>draw</i> it by gradual prevalence. We may <i>write</i> a letter with haste, but we <i>draw</i> a bill with slow caution and regard to a precise form. We <i>draw</i> a bar of metal by continued beating.</note>

<cs><col>To draw a bow</col>, <cd>to bend the bow by drawing the string for discharging the arrow.</cd> -- <col>To draw a cover</col>, <cd>to clear a cover of the game it contains.</cd> -- <col>To draw a curtain</col>, <cd>to cause a curtain to slide or move, either closing or unclosing. "Night <i>draws the curtain<i>, which the sun withdraws." <i>Herbert</i>.</cd> -- <col>To draw a line</col>, <cd>to fix a limit or boundary.</cd> -- <col>To draw back</col>, <cd>to receive back, as duties on goods for exportation.</cd> -- <col>To draw breath</col>, <cd>to breathe. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To draw cuts</col> &or; <col>lots</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Cut</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>To draw in</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To bring or pull in; to collect.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To entice; to inveigle.</cd> -- <col>To draw interest</col>, <cd>to produce or gain interest.</cd> -- <col>To draw off</col>, <cd>to withdraw; to abstract.</cd> <i>Addison</i>. -- <col>To draw on</col>, <cd>to bring on; to occasion; to cause.</cd> "War which either his negligence <i>drew on<i>, or his practices procured." <i>Hayward</i>. -- <col>To draw (one) out</col>, <cd>to elicit cunningly the thoughts and feelings of another.</cd> -- <col>To draw out</col>, <cd>to stretch or extend; to protract; to spread out.</cd> -- "Wilt thou <i>draw out<i> thine anger to all generations?" <i>Ps. lxxxv. 5</i>. "Linked sweetness long <i>drawn out<i>." <i>Milton</i>. -- <col>To draw over</col>, <cd>to cause to come over, to induce to leave one part or side for the opposite one.</cd> -- <col>To draw the longbow</col>, <cd>to exaggerate; to tell preposterous tales.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To draw (one)</col> <col>to &or; on to</col> (something)</mcol>, <cd>to move, to incite, to induce.</cd> "How many actions most ridiculous hast thou been <i>drawn to<i> by thy fantasy?" <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>To draw up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To compose in due form; to draught; to form in writing.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To arrange in order, as a body of troops; to array. "<i>Drawn up<i> in battle to receive the charge."</cd></cs>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Draw</er>, <er>Drag</er>.</syn>  <usage><i>Draw</i> differs from <i>drag</i> in this, that <i>drag</i> implies a natural inaptitude for drawing, or positive resistance; it is applied to things pulled or hauled along the ground, or moved with toil or difficulty. <i>Draw</i> is applied to all bodies moved by force in advance, whatever may be the degree of force; it commonly implies that some kind of aptitude or provision exists for drawing. <i>Draw</i> is the more general or generic term, and <i>drag</i> the more specific. We say, the horses <i>draw</i> a coach or wagon, but they <i>drag</i> it through mire; yet <i>draw</i> is properly used in both cases.</usage>

<h1>Draw</h1>
<Xpage=452>

<hw>Draw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pull; to exert strength in drawing anything; to have force to move anything by pulling; <as>as, a horse <ex>draws</ex> well; the sails of a ship <ex>draw</ex> well.</as></def>

<note>&hand; A sail is said to <i>draw</i> when it is filled with wind.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw a liquid from some receptacle, as water from a well.</def>

<blockquote>The woman saith unto him, Sir, thou hast nothing to <b>draw</b> with, and the well is deep.
<i>John iv. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To exert an attractive force; to act as an inducement or enticement.</def>

<blockquote>Keep a watch upon the particular bias of their minds, that it may not <b>draw</b> too much.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To have efficiency as an epispastic; to act as a sinapism; -- said of a blister, poultice, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To have draught, as a chimney, flue, or the like; to furnish transmission to smoke, gases, etc.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To unsheathe a weapon, especially a sword.</def>

<blockquote>So soon as ever thou seest him, <b>draw</b>; and as thou <b>drawest</b>, swear horrible.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To perform the act, or practice the art, of delineation; to sketch; to form figures or pictures.</def> "Skill in <i>drawing</i>."

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To become contracted; to shrink.</def> "To <i>draw</i> into less room."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To move; to come or go; literally, to draw one's self; -- with prepositions and adverbs; <as>as, to <ex>draw away</ex>, to move off, esp</as>. in racing, to get in front; to obtain the lead or increase it; to <i>draw back</i>, to retreat; to <i>draw level</i>, to move up even (with another); to come up to or overtake another; to <i>draw off</i>, to retire or retreat; to <i>draw on</i>, to advance; to <i>draw up</i>, to form in array; to <i>draw near</i>, <i>nigh</i>, or <i>towards</i>, to approach; to <i>draw together</i>, to come together, to collect.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To make a draft or written demand for payment of money deposited or due; -- usually with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<blockquote>You may <b>draw</b> on me for the expenses of your journey.
<i>Jay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>To admit the action of pulling or dragging; to undergo draught; <as>as, a carriage <ex>draws</ex> easily</as>.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>To sink in water; to require a depth for floating.</def> "Greater hulks <i>draw</i> deep."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>To draw to a head</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>To begin to suppurate; to ripen, as a boil.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> Fig.: <cd>To ripen, to approach the time for action; as, the plot <i>draws to a head<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Draw</h1>
<Xpage=452>

<hw>Draw</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of drawing; draught.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lot or chance to be drawn.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A drawn game or battle, etc.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That part of a bridge which may be raised, swung round, or drawn aside; the movable part of a drawbridge. See the Note under <er>Drawbridge</er>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Drawable</h1>
<Xpage=452>

<hw>Draw"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being drawn.</def>

<h1>Drawback</h1>
<Xpage=452>

<hw>Draw"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A lose of advantage, or deduction from profit, value, success, etc.; a discouragement or hindrance; objectionable feature.</def>

<blockquote>The avari<?/e of Henry VII . . . . must be deemed a <b>drawback</b> from the wisdom ascribed to him.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Money paid back or remitted; especially, a certain amount of duties or customs, sometimes the whole, and sometimes only a part, remitted or paid back by the government, on the exportation of the commodities on which they were levied.</def>

<i>M<?/Culloch.</i>

<h1>Drawbar</h1>
<Xpage=452>

<hw>Draw"bar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An openmouthed bar at the end of a car, which receives a coupling link and pin by which the car is drawn. It is usually provided with a spring to give elasticity to the connection between the cars of a train.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A bar of iron with an eye at each end, or a heavy link, for coupling a locomotive to a tender or car.</def>

<h1>Drawbench</h1>
<Xpage=452>

<hw>Draw"bench`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A machine in which strips of metal are drawn through a drawplate; especially, one in which wire is thus made; -- also called <i>drawing bench</i>.</def>

<h1>Drawbolt</h1>
<Xpage=452>

<hw>Draw"bolt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>A coupling pin. See under <er>Coupling</er>.</def>

<h1>Drawbore</h1>
<Xpage=452>

<hw>Draw"bore`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Joinery)</fld> <def>A hole bored through a tenon nearer to the shoulder than the holes through the cheeks are to the edge or abutment against which the shoulder is to rest, so that a pin or bolt, when driven into it, will draw these parts together.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Drawbore</h1>
<Xpage=452>

<hw>Draw"bore`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a drawbore in; <as>as, to <ex>drawbore</ex> a tenon</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enlarge the bore of a gun barrel by drawing, instead of thrusting, a revolving tool through it.</def>

<h1>Drawboy</h1>
<Xpage=452>

<hw>Draw"boy`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A boy who operates the harness cords of a hand loom; also, a part of power loom that performs the same office.</def>

<h1>Drawbridge</h1>
<Xpage=452>

<hw>Draw"bridge`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bridge of which either the whole or a part is made to be raised up, let down, or drawn or turned aside, to admit or hinder communication at pleasure, as before the gate of a town or castle, or over a navigable river or canal.</def>

<note>&hand; The movable portion, or draw, is called, specifically, a <i>bascule</i>, <i>balance</i>, or <i>lifting bridge</i>, a <i>turning</i>, <i>swivel</i>, or <i>swing bridge</i>, or a <i>rolling bridge</i>, according as it turns on a hinge vertically, or on a pivot horizontally, or is pushed on rollers.</note>

<h1>Drawcansir</h1>
<Xpage=452>

<hw>Draw"can*sir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the name of a bullying braggart character in the play by George Villiers called "The Rehearsal."]</ety> <def>A blustering, bullying fellow; a pot-valiant braggart; a bully.</def>

<blockquote>The leader was of an ugly look and gigantic stature; he acted like a <b>drawcansir</b>, sparing neither friend nor foe.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Draw-cut</h1>
<Xpage=452>

<hw>Draw"-cut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A single cut with a knife.</def>

<h1>Drawee</h1>
<Xpage=452>

<hw>Draw*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person on whom an order or bill of exchange is drawn; -- the correlative of <i>drawer</i>.</def>

<h1>Drawer</h1>
<Xpage=452>

<hw>Draw"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, draws</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who draws liquor for guests; a waiter in a taproom</def>. <i>Shak</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who delineates or depicts; a draughtsman; <as>as, a good <ex>drawer</ex></as></def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who draws a bill of exchange or order for payment; -- the correlative of <i>drawee</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is drawn</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A sliding box or receptacle in a case, which is opened by pulling or drawing out, and closed by pushing in</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An under-garment worn on the lower limbs.</def>

<cs><col>Chest of drawers</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chest</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Drawfiling</h1>
<Xpage=452>

<hw>Draw"fil`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of smooth filing by working the file sidewise instead of lengthwise.</def>

<h1>Drawgear</h1>
<Xpage=452>

<hw>Draw"gear`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A harness for draught horses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>The means or parts by which cars are connected to be drawn.</def>

<h1>Drawgloves</h1>
<Xpage=452>

<hw>Draw"gloves`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>An old game, played by holding up the fingers.</def>

<i>Herrick.</i>

<h1>Drawhead</h1>
<Xpage=452>

<hw>Draw"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>The flanged outer end of a drawbar; also, a name applied to the drawgear.</def>

<h1>Drawing</h1>
<Xpage=452>

<hw>Draw"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of pulling, or attracting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or the art of representing any object by means of lines and shades; especially, such a representation when in one color, or in tints used not to represent the colors of natural objects, but for effect only, and produced with hard material such as pencil, chalk, etc.; delineation; also, the figure or representation drawn.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The process of stretching or spreading metals as by hammering, or, as in forming wire from rods or tubes and cups from sheet metal, by pulling them through dies.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Textile Manuf.)</fld> <def>The process of pulling out and elongating the sliver from the carding machine, by revolving rollers, to prepare it for spinning.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The distribution of prizes and blanks in a lottery.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Drawing</i> is used adjectively or as the first part of compounds in the sense of <i>pertaining to drawing</i>, <i>for drawing</i> (in the sense of pulling, and of pictorial representation); as, <i>drawing</i> master or <i>drawing</i>-master, <i>drawing</i> knife or <i>drawing</i>-knife, <i>drawing</i> machine, <i>drawing</i> board, <i>drawing</i> paper, <i>drawing</i> pen, <i>drawing</i> pencil, etc.</note>

<cs><col>A drawing of tea</col>, <cd>a small portion of tea for steeping.</cd> -- <col>Drawing knife</col>. <cd>See in the <er>Vocabulary</er>.</cd> -- <col>Drawing paper</col> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld>, <cd>a thick, sized paper for draughtsman and for water-color painting.</cd> -- <col>Drawing slate</col>, <cd>a soft, slaty substance used in crayon drawing; -- called also <altname>black chalk</altname>, or <altname>drawing chalk</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Free-hand drawing</col>, <cd>a style of drawing made without the use of guiding or measuring instruments, as distinguished from mechanical or geometrical drawing; also, a drawing thus executed.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="453">
Page 453<p>


<h1>Drawing knife, Drawknife</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw><hw>Draw"ing knife"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Draw"knife`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A joiner's tool having a blade with a handle at each end, used to shave off surfaces, by drawing it toward one; a shave; -- called also <altname>drawshave</altname>, and <altname>drawing shave</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A tool used for the purpose of making an incision along the path a saw is to follow, to prevent it from tearing the surface of the wood.</def>

<h1>Drawing-room</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Draw"ing-room`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>withdraw-ing-room</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A room appropriated for the reception of company; a room to which company withdraws from the dining room.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The company assembled in such a room; also, a reception of company in it; <as>as, to hold a <ex>drawing-room</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>He [Johnson] would amaze a <b>drawing-room</b> by suddenly ejaculating a clause of the Lord's Prayer.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Drawing-room car</col>. <cd>See <cref>Palace car</cref>, under <er>Car</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Drawl</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drawl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Drawled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Drawling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>draw</ets>: cf. D. <ets>dralen</ets> to linger, tarry, Icel. <ets>dralla</ets> to loiter. See <er>Draw</er>, and cf. <er>Draggle</er>.]</ety> <def>To utter in a slow, lengthened tone.</def>

<h1>Drawl</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drawl</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To speak with slow and lingering utterance, from laziness, lack of spirit, affectation, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Theologians and moralists . . . talk mostly in a <b>drawling</b> and dreaming way about it.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drawl</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drawl</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lengthened, slow monotonous utterance.</def>

<h1>Drawlatch</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Draw"latch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A housebreaker or thief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Old Play (1631).</i>

<h1>Drawling</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drawl"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of speaking with a drawl; a drawl.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Drawl"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Drawlink</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Draw"link`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Drawbar</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Drawloom</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Draw"loom`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of loom used in weaving figured patterns; -- called also <altname>drawboy</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A species of damask made on the drawloom.</def>

<h1>Drawn</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drawn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>See <er>Draw</er>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Drawn butter</col>, <cd>butter melter and prepared to be used as a sort of gravy.</cd> -- <col>Drawn fowl</col>, <cd>an eviscerated fowl.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Drawn game</col> &or; <col>battle</col></mcol>, <cd>one in which neither party wins; one equally contested.</cd> -- <col>Drawn fox</col>, <cd>one driven from cover.</cd> <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>Drawn work</col>, <cd>ornamental work made by drawing out threads from fine cloth, and uniting the cross threads, to form a pattern.</cd></cs>

<h1>Drawnet</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Draw"net`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A net for catching the larger sorts of birds; also, a dragnet.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Drawplate</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Draw"plate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hardened steel plate having a hole, or a gradation of conical holes, through which wires are drawn to be reduced and elongated.</def>

<h1>Drawrod</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Draw"rod`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A rod which unites the drawgear at opposite ends of the car, and bears the pull required to draw the train.</def>

<h1>Drawshave</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Draw"shave`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Drawing knife</er>.</def>

<h1>Drawspring</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Draw"spring`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>The spring to which a drawbar is attached.</def>

<h1>Dray</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dray</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A squirrel's nest.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Dray</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dray</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>dr\'91ge</ets> a dragnet, fr. <ets>dragan</ets>. <ets><?/<?/<?/<?/</ets>. See <er>Draw</er>, and cf. 2d <er>Drag</er>, 1st <er>Dredge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A strong low cart or carriage used for heavy burdens.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of sledge or sled.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<cs><col>Dray cart</col>, <cd>a dray.</cd> -- <col>Dray horse</col>, <cd>a heavy, strong horse used in drawing a dray.</cd></cs>

<h1>Drayage</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dray"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Use of a dray.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The charge, or sum paid, for the use of a dray.</def>

<h1>Drayman</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dray"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Draymen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man who attends a dray.</def>

<h1>Drazel</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Draz"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Dross</er>, <er>Drossel</er>.]</ety> <def>A slut; a vagabond wench. Same as <er>Drossel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Dread</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dread</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dreaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dreading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>dr<?/dan</ets>, in comp.; akin to OS. <ets>dr\'bedan</ets>, OHG. <ets>tr\'betan</ets>, both only in comp.]</ety> <def>To fear in a great degree; to regard, or look forward to, with terrific apprehension.</def>

<blockquote>When at length the moment <b>dreaded</b> through so many years came close, the dark cloud passed away from Johnson's mind.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dread</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dread</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be in dread, or great fear.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dread</b> not, neither be afraid of them.
<i>Deut. i. 29.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dread</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dread</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Great fear in view of impending evil; fearful apprehension of danger; anticipatory terror.</def>

<blockquote>The secret <b>dread</b> of divine displeasure.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>dread</b> of something after death.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reverential or respectful fear; awe.</def>

<blockquote>The fear of you, and the <b>dread</b> of you, shall be upon every beast of the earth.
<i>Gen. ix. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His scepter shows the force of temporal power,
The attribute to awe and majesty,
Wherein doth sit the <b>dread</b> and fear of kings.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An object of terrified apprehension.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A person highly revered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Una, his dear <i>dread</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Fury; dreadfulness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Doubt; <as>as, out of <ex>dread</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Awe; fear; affright; terror; horror; dismay; apprehension. See <er>Reverence</er>.</syn>

<h1>Dread</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dread</hw>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Exciting great fear or apprehension; causing terror; frightful; dreadful.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>dread</b> eternity! how surely mine.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inspiring with reverential fear; awful' venerable; <as>as, <ex>dread</ex> sovereign; <ex>dread</ex> majesty; <ex>dread</ex> tribunal.</as></def>

<h1>Dreadable</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dread"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worthy of being dreaded.</def>

<h1>Dread-bolted</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dread"-bolt`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Armed with dreaded bolts.</def> "<i>Dread-bolted</i> thunder." <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dreader</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dread"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fears, or lives in fear.</def>

<h1>Dreadful</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dread"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of dread or terror; fearful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "With <i>dreadful</i> heart."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inspiring dread; impressing great fear; fearful; terrible; <as>as, a <ex>dreadful</ex> storm</as>.</def> " <i>Dreadful</i> gloom."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>For all things are less <b>dreadful</b> than they seem.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Inspiring awe or reverence; awful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "God's <i>dreadful</i> law."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Fearful; frightful; terrific; terrible; horrible; horrid; formidable; tremendous; awful; venerable. See <er>Frightful</er>.</syn>

<h1>Dreadfully</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dread"ful*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dreadful manner; terribly.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Dreadfulness</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dread"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being dreadful.</def>

<h1>Dreadingly</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dread"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With dread.</def>

<i>Warner.</i>

<h1>Dreadless</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dread"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Free from dread; fearless; intrepid; dauntless; <as>as, <ex>dreadless</ex> heart</as>.</def> "The <i>dreadless</i> angel."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exempt from danger which causes dread; secure.</def> " safe in his <i>dreadless</i> den."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Dreadless</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dread"less</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without doubt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dreadlessness</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dread"less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Freedom from dread.</def>

<h1>Dreadly</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dread"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dreadful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Dreadly</i> spectacle." <i>Spenser</i>. -- <def2><tt>adv.</tt>  <def>With dread.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Dreadly</i> to shake."  <i>Sylvester (Du Bartas).</i></def2>

<h1>Dreadnaught</h1>
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<hw>Dread"naught`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A fearless person.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A garment made of very thick cloth, that can defend against storm and cold; also, the cloth itself; fearnaught.</def>

<h1>Dream</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dream</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to OS. <ets>dr<?/m</ets>, D. <ets>droom</ets>, G. <ets>traum</ets>, Icel. <ets>draumr</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>dr\'94m</ets>; cf. G. <ets>tr\'81gen</ets> to deceive, Skr. <ets>druh</ets> to harm, hurt, try to hurt. AS. <ets>dre\'a0m</ets> joy, gladness, and OS. <ets>dr<?/m</ets> joy are, perh., different words; cf. Gr. <?/ noise.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The thoughts, or series of thoughts, or imaginary transactions, which occupy the mind during sleep; a sleeping vision.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dreams</b> are but interludes which fancy makes.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I had a <b>dream</b> which was not all a <b>dream</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A visionary scheme; a wild conceit; an idle fancy; a vagary; a revery; -- in this sense, applied to an imaginary or anticipated state of happiness; <as>as, a <ex>dream</ex> of bliss; the <ex>dream</ex> of his youth.</as></def>

<blockquote>There sober thought pursued the amusing theme,
Till Fancy colored it and formed a <b>dream</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is not them a mere <b>dream</b>, but a very real aim which they propose.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dream</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dream</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dreamed</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Dreamt</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dreaming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>dr<?/man</ets>, <ets>dr<?/man</ets>, to rejoice. See <er>Dream</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To have ideas or images in the mind while in the state of sleep; to experience sleeping visions; -- often with <i>of</i>; <as>as, to <ex>dream</ex> of a battle, or of an absent friend</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To let the mind run on in idle revery or vagary; to anticipate vaguely as a coming and happy reality; to have a visionary notion or idea; to imagine.</def>

<blockquote>Here may we sit and <b>dream</b>
Over the heavenly theme.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>dream</b> on in a constant course of reading, but not digesting.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dream</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dream</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To have a dream of; to see, or have a vision of, in sleep, or in idle fancy; -- often followed by an objective clause.</def>

<blockquote>Your old men shall <b>dream</b> dreams.
<i>Acts ii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>At length in sleep their bodies they compose,
And <b>dreamt</b> the future fight.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And still they <b>dream</b> that they shall still succeed.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To dream away</col>, <col>out</col>, <col>through</col></mcol>, <cd>etc., to pass in revery or inaction; to spend in idle vagaries; as, to <i>dream away<i> an hour; to <i>dream through<i> life. " Why does Antony <i>dream out<i> his hours?"</cd></cs>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Dreamer</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dream"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who dreams.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A visionary; one lost in wild imaginations or vain schemes of some anticipated good; <as>as, a political <ex>dreamer</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Dreamful</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dream"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of dreams.</def> " <i>Dreamful</i> ease." <i>Tennyson</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Dream"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dreamily</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dream"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>As if in a dream; softly; slowly; languidly.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Dreaminess</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dream"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being dreamy.</def>

<h1>Dreamingly</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dream"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dreamy manner.</def>

<h1>Dreamland</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dream"land`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An unreal, delightful country such as in sometimes pictured in dreams; region of fancies; fairyland.</def>

<blockquote>[He] builds a bridge from <b>dreamland</b> for his lay.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dreamless</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dream"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from, or without, dreams.</def> <i>Camden</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Dream"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dreamy</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dream"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Dreamier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Dreamiest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>Abounding in dreams or given to dreaming; appropriate to, or like, dreams; visionary.</def> "The <i>dreamy</i> dells."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Drear</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dreary</er>.]</ety> <def>Dismal; gloomy with solitude.</def> "A <i>drear</i> and dying sound."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Drear</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drear</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sadness; dismalness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Drearihead, Drearihood</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw><hw>Drear"i*head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Drear"i*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Affliction; dreariness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Drearily</h1>
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<hw>Drear"i*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Gloomily; dismally.</def>

<h1>Dreariment</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drear"i*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dreariness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Dreariness</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drear"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sorrow; wretchedness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dismalness; gloomy solitude.</def>

<h1>Drearing</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drear"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sorrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Drearisome</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drear"i*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Very dreary.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Dreary</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drear"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Drearier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Dreariest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>dreori</ets>, <ets>dreri</ets>, AS. <ets>dre\'a2rig</ets>, sad; akin to G. <ets>traurig</ets>, and prob. to AS. <ets>dre\'a2san</ets> to fall, Goth. <ets>driusan</ets>. Cf. <er>Dross</er>, <er>Drear</er>, <er>Drizzle</er>, <er>Drowse</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Sorrowful; distressful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " <i>Dreary</i> shrieks."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exciting cheerless sensations, feelings, or associations; comfortless; dismal; gloomy.</def> " <i>Dreary</i> shades." <i>Dryden</i>. "The <i>dreary</i> ground."

<i>Prior.</i>

<blockquote>Full many a <b>dreary</b> anxious hour.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Johnson entered on his vocation in the most <b>dreary</b> part of that <b>dreary</b> interval which separated two ages of prosperity.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drecche</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drec"che</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>dreccan</ets>, <ets>dreccean</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To vex; to torment; to trouble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>As man that in his dream is <b>drecched</b> sore.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drecche</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drec"che</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To delay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Dredge</h1>
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<hw>Dredge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>dr\'8age</ets>, <ets>dreige</ets>, fish net, from a word akin to E. <ets>draw</ets>; cf. D. <ets>dreg</ets>, <ets>dregge</ets>, small anchor, <ets>dreg</ets>net dragnet. <?/<?/<?/<?/. See <er>Draw</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any instrument used to gather or take by dragging; as: <sd>(a)</sd> A dragnet for taking up oysters, etc., from their beds. <sd>(b)</sd> A dredging machine. <sd>(c)</sd> An iron frame, with a fine net attached, used in collecting animals living at the bottom of the sea.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Very fine mineral matter held in suspension in water.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Dredge</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dredge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dredged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dredging</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To catch or gather with a dredge; to deepen with a dredging machine.</def>

<i>R. Carew.</i>

<cs><col>Dredging machine</col>, <cd>a machine (commonly on a boat) used to scoop up mud, gravel, or obstructions from the bottom of rivers, docks, etc., so as to deepen them.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dredge</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dredge</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dragge</ets>, F. <ets>drag\'82e</ets>, dredge, also, sugar plum; cf. Prov. <ets>dragea</ets>, It. <ets>treggea</ets>; corrupted fr. LL. <ets>tragemata</ets>, pl., sweetmeats, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to gnaw.]</ety> <def>A mixture of oats and barley.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Kersey.</i>

<h1>Dredge</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dredge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sift or sprinkle flour, etc., on, as on roasting meat.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<cs><col>Dredging box</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Same as 2d <er>Dredger</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <cd>A copper box with a perforated lid; -- used for sprinkling meal powder over shell fuses.</cd></cs>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Dredger</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dredg"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who fishes with a dredge.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dredging machine.</def>

<h1>Dredger</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dredg"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A box with holes in its lid; -- used for sprinkling flour, as on meat or a breadboard; -- called also <altname>dredging box</altname>, <altname>drudger</altname>, and <altname>drudging box</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dree</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dree</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>dre\'a2gan</ets> to bear, endure, complete.]</ety> <def>To endure; to suffer.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Dree</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dree</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be able to do or endure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dree</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dree</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearisome; tedious.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Dreg</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dreg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from Icel. <ets>dregg</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>dr\'84gg</ets>, cf. Icel. & Sw. <ets>draga</ets> to draw. Cf. <er>Draw</er>.]</ety> <def>Corrupt or defiling matter contained in a liquid, or precipitated from it; refuse; feculence; lees; grounds; sediment; hence, the vilest and most worthless part of anything; <as>as, the <ex>dregs</ex> of society</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We, the <b>dregs</b> and rubbish of mankind.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Used formerly (rarely) in the singular, as by Spenser and Shakespeare, but now chiefly in the plural.</note>

<h1>Dregginess</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dreg"gi*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fullness of dregs or lees; foulness; feculence.</def>

<h1>Dreggish</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dreg"gish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Foul with lees; feculent.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Dreggy</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dreg"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing dregs or lees; muddy; foul; feculent.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Drein</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drein</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To drain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Congreve.</i>

<h1>Dreinte, <wordforms>imp., Dreint</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drein"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <wordforms><tt>imp.</tt>, <hw>Dreint</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>,</wordforms> <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Drench</er> to drown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dreissena</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dreis"se*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Named after <ets>Dreyssen</ets>, a Belgian physician.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of bivalve shells of which one species (<spn>D. polymorpha</spn>) is often so abundant as to be very troublesome in the fresh waters of Europe.</def>

<h1>Drench</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drench</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Drenched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Drenching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>drencan</ets> to give to drink, to drench, the causal of <ets>drincan</ets> to drink; akin to D. <ets>drenken</ets>, Sw. <ets>dr\'84nka</ets>, G. <ets>tr\'84nken</ets>. See <er>Drink</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to drink; especially, to dose by force; to put a potion down the throat of, as of a horse; hence. to purge violently by physic.</def>

<blockquote>As "to fell," is "to make to fall," and "to lay," to make to lie." so "to <b>drench</b>," is "to make to drink."
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To steep in moisture; to wet thoroughly; to soak; to saturate with water or other liquid; to immerse.</def>

<blockquote>Now dam the ditches and the floods restrain;
Their moisture has already <b>drenched</b> the plain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drench</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drench</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>drenc</ets>. See <er>Drench</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A drink; a draught; specifically, a potion of medicine poured or forced down the throat; also, a potion that causes purging.</def> "A <i>drench</i> of wine."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Give my roan horse a <b>drench</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drench</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drench</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>dreng</ets> warrior, soldier, akin to Icel. <ets>drengr</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A military vassal mentioned in Domesday Book.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Drenche</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drench"e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To drown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In the sea he <b>drenched</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drencher</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drench"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, west or steeps.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who administers a drench.</def>

<h1>Drengage</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dren"gage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The tenure by which a drench held land.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Drent</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Drent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dreinte</er>.]</ety> <def>Drenched; drowned.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Condemned to be <i>drent</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Dresden ware</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dres"den ware`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A superior kind of decorated porcelain made near Dresden in Saxony.</def>

<h1>Dress</h1>
<Xpage=453>

<hw>Dress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dressed</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Drest</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dressing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>drecier</ets> to make straight, raise, set up, prepare, arrange, F. <ets>dresser</ets>. (assumed) LL. <ets>directiare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dirigere</ets>, <ets>directum</ets>, to direct; <ets>dis-</ets> + <ets>regere</ets> to rule. See <er>Right</er>, and cf. <er>Address</er>, <er>Adroit</er>, <er>Direct</er>, <er>Dirge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To direct; to put right or straight; to regulate; to order.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>At all times thou shalt bless God and pray Him to <b>dress</b> thy ways.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Dress</i> is used reflexively in Old English, in sense of "to direct one's step; to addresss one's self."</note>

<blockquote>To Grisild again will I me <b>dresse</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To arrange in exact continuity of line, as soldiers; commonly to adjust to a straight line and at proper distance; to align; <as>as, to <ex>dress</ex> the ranks</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To treat methodically with remedies, bandages, or curative appliances, as a sore, an ulcer, a wound, or a wounded or diseased part.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To adjust; to put in good order; to arrange; specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> To prepare for use; to fit for any use; to render suitable for an intended purpose; to get ready; <as>as, to <ex>dress</ex> a slain animal; to <ex>dress</ex> meat; to <ex>dress</ex> leather or cloth; to <ex>dress</ex> or trim a lamp; to <ex>dress</ex> a garden; to <ex>dress</ex> a horse, by currying and rubbing; to <ex>dress</ex> grain, by cleansing it; in mining and metallurgy, to <ex>dress</ex> ores, by sorting and separating them.</as></def>

<hr>
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Page 454<p>

<blockquote>And the Lord God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to <b>dress</b> it.
<i>Gen. ii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When he <b>dresseth</b> the lamps he shall burn incense.
<i>Ex. xxx. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Three hundred horses . . . smoothly <b>dressed</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Dressing</b> their hair with the white sea flower.
<i>Tennyson</i></blockquote>.

<blockquote>If he felt obliged to expostulate, he might have <b>dressed</b> his censures in a kinder form.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To cut to proper dimensions, or give proper shape to, as to a tool by hammering; also, to smooth or finish</def>.

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To put in proper condition by appareling, as the body; to put clothes upon; to apparel; to invest with garments or rich decorations; to clothe; to deck</def>.

<blockquote><b>Dressed</b> myself in such humility.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Prove that ever I<b>dress</b> myself handsome till thy return.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>To break and train for use, as a horse or other animal</def>.

<cs><mcol><col>To dress up</col> &or; <col>out</col></mcol>, <cd>to dress elaborately, artificially, or pompously.</cd> "You see very often a king of England or France <i>dressed up<i> like a Julius C\'91sar." <i>Addison</i>. -- <col>To dress a ship</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to ornament her by hoisting the national colors at the peak and mastheads, and setting the jack forward; when dressed <i>full<i>, the signal flags and pennants are added.</cd> <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc</i>.</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To attire; apparel; clothe; accouter; array; robe; rig; trim; deck; adorn; embellish.</syn>

<h1>Dress</h1>
<Xpage=454>

<hw>Dress</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To arrange one's self in due position in a line of soldiers; -- the word of command to form alignment in ranks; as, Right, <i>dress</i>!</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To clothe or apparel one's self; to put on one's garments; to pay particular regard to dress; <as>as, to <ex>dress</ex> quickly</as>.</def> "To <i>dress</i> for a ball."

<i>Latham.</i>

<blockquote>To flaunt, to <b>dress</b>, to dance, to thrum.
<i>Tennyson</i></blockquote>.

<cs><mcol><col>To dress to the right</col>, <col>To dress to the left</col>, <col>To dress on the center</col></mcol> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to form alignment with reference to the soldier on the extreme right, or in the center, of the rank, who serves as a guide.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dress</h1>
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<hw>Dress</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is used as the covering or ornament of the body; clothes; garments; habit; apparel.</def> "In your soldier's <i>dress</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lady's gown; <as>as, silk or a velvet <ex>dress</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Attention to apparel, or skill in adjusting it.</def>

<blockquote>Men of pleasure, <b>dress</b>, and gallantry.
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Milling)</fld> <def>The system of furrows on the face of a millstone.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<cs><col>Dress circle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Circle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dress parade</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a parade in full uniform for review.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dress coat</h1>
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<hw>Dress" coat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A coat with skirts behind only, as distinct from the frock coat, of which the skirts surround the body. It is worn on occasions of ceremony. The dress coat of officers of the United States army is a full-skirted frock coat.</def>

<h1>Dresser</h1>
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<hw>Dress"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who dresses; one who put in order or makes ready for use; one who on clothes or ornaments.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A kind of pick for shaping large coal.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An assistant in a hospital, whose office it is to dress wounds, sores, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>dressoir</ets>. See <er>Dress</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A table or bench on which meat and other things are dressed, or prepared for use.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A cupboard or set of shelves to receive dishes and cooking utensils.</def>

<blockquote>The pewter plates on the <b>dresser</b>
Caught and reflected the flame, as shields of armies the sunshine.
<i> Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dress goods</h1>
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<hw>Dress" goods"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A term applied to fabrics for the gowns of women and girls; -- most commonly to fabrics of mixed materials, but also applicable to silks, printed linens, and calicoes.</def>

<h1>Dressiness</h1>
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<hw>Dress"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being dressy.</def>

<h1>Dressing</h1>
<Xpage=454>

<hw>Dress"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Dress; raiment; especially, ornamental habiliment or attire.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An application (a remedy, bandage, etc.) to a sore or wound.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Manure or compost over land. When it remains on the surface, it is called a <i>top-dressing</i>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A preparation to fit food for use; a condiment; <as>as, a <ex>dressing</ex> for salad</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The stuffing of fowls, pigs, etc.; forcemeat.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Gum, starch, and the like, used in stiffening or finishing silk, linen, and other fabrics.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An ornamental finish, as a molding around doors, windows, or on a ceiling, etc.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Castigation; scolding; -- often with <i>down</i>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Dressing case</col>, <cd>a case of toilet utensils.</cd> -- <col>Dressing forceps</col>, <cd>a variety of forceps, shaped like a pair of scissors, used in dressing wounds.</cd> -- <col>Dressing gown</col>, <cd>a light gown, such as is used by a person while dressing; a study gown.</cd> -- <col>Dressing room</col>, <cd>an apartment appropriated for making one's toilet.</cd> -- <col>Dressing table</col>, <cd>a table at which a person may dress, and on which articles for the toilet stand.</cd> -- <col>Top-dressing</col>, <cd>manure or compost spread over land and not worked into the soil.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dressmaker</h1>
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<hw>Dress"mak`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A maker of gowns, or similar garments; a mantuamaker.</def>

<h1>Dressmaking</h1>
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<hw>Dress"mak`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art, process, or occupation, of making dresses.</def>

<h1>Dressy</h1>
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<hw>Dress"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Showy in dress; attentive to dress.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>dressy</b> flaunting maidservant.
<i>T. Hook.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A neat, <b>dressy</b> gentleman in black.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drest</h1>
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<hw>Drest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Dress</er>.</def>

<h1>Dretch</h1>
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<hw>Dretch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Drecche</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dreul</h1>
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<hw>Dreul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To drool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Drevil</h1>
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<hw>Drev"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fool; a drudge. See <er>Drivel</er>.</def>

<h1>Drew</h1>
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<hw>Drew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Draw</er>.</def>

<h1>Drey</h1>
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<hw>Drey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A squirrel's nest. See <er>Dray</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dreye</h1>
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<hw>Dreye</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dreynte, <wordforms>imp., Dreynt</h1>
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<hw>Dreyn"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <wordforms><tt>imp.</tt>, <hw>Dreynt</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></wordforms>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt>, of <er>Drench</er> to drown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Drib</h1>
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<hw>Drib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dribbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dribbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Drip</er>.]</ety> <def>To do by little and little</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To cut off by a little at a time; to crop</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To appropriate unlawfully; to filch; to defalcate.</def>

<blockquote>He who drives their bargain <b>dribs</b> a part.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To lead along step by step; to entice</def>.

<blockquote>With daily lies she <b>dribs</b> thee into cost.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drib</h1>
<Xpage=454>

<hw>Drib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <fld>(Archery)</fld> <def>To shoot (a shaft) so as to pierce on the descent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Drib</h1>
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<hw>Drib</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A drop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Dribber</h1>
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<hw>Drib"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dribs; one who shoots weakly or badly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<h1>Dribble</h1>
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<hw>Drib"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dribbled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dribbing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>drib</ets>, which is a variant of <ets>drip</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To fall in drops or small drops, or in a quick succession of drops; <as>as, water <ex>dribbles</ex> from the eaves</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To slaver, as a child or an idiot; to drivel.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fall weakly and slowly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>dribbling</i> dart of love." <i>Shak. (Meas. for Meas. , i. 3, 2)</i>. <altsp>[Perhaps an error for <asp>dribbing</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Dribble</h1>
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<hw>Drib"ble</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To let fall in drops.</def>

<blockquote>Let the cook . . . <b>dribble</b> it all the way upstairs.
<i> Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dribble</h1>
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<hw>Drib"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A drizzling shower; a falling or leaking in drops.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Dribbler</h1>
<Xpage=454>

<hw>Drib"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dribbles.</def>

<h1>Dribblet, Driblet</h1>
<Xpage=454>

<hw><hw>Drib"blet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Drib"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Dribble</er>.]</ety> <def>A small piece or part; a small sum; a small quantity of money in making up a sum; <as>as, the money was paid in <ex>dribblets</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>When made up in <b>dribblets</b>, as they could, their best securities were at an interest of twelve per cent.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drie</h1>
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<hw>Drie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dree</er>.]</ety> <def>To endure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So causeless such drede for to <b>drie</b>.
<i> Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dried</h1>
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<hw>Dried</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt><def>of <er>Day</er>. Also <i>adj</i>.; <as>as, <ex>dried</ex> apples</as>.</def>

<h1>Drier</h1>
<Xpage=454>

<hw>Dri"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, dries; that which may expel or absorb moisture; a desiccative; <as>as, the sun and a northwesterly wind are great <ex>driers</ex> of the earth</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Drying oil; a substance mingled with the oil used in oil painting to make it dry quickly.</def>

<mhw><h1>Drier, compar., Driest</h1>
<Xpage=454>

<hw>Dri"er</hw>, <tt>compar.</tt>, <hw>Dri"est</hw>, <tt>superl.</tt></mhw>, <def>of <er>Dry</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Drift</h1>
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<hw>Drift</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>drive</er>; akin to LG. & D. <ets>drift</ets> a driving, Icel. <ets>drift</ets> snowdrift, Dan. <ets>drift</ets>, impulse, drove, herd, pasture, common, G. <ets>trift</ets> pasturage, drove. See <er>Drive</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A driving; a violent movement.</def>

<blockquote>The dragon drew him [self] away with <b>drift</b> of his wings.
<i>King Alisaunder (1332).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or motion of drifting; the force which impels or drives; an overpowering influence or impulse.</def>

<blockquote>A bad man, being under the <b>drift</b> of any passion, will follow the impulse of it till something interpose.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Course or direction along which anything is driven; setting.</def> "Our <i>drift</i> was south."

<i>Hakluyt.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The tendency of an act, argument, course of conduct, or the like; object aimed at or intended; intention; hence, also, import or meaning of a sentence or discourse; aim.</def>

<blockquote>He has made the <b>drift</b> of the whole poem a compliment on his country in general.
<i> Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now thou knowest my <b>drift</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which is driven, forced, or urged along</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Anything driven at random.</def>  "Some log . . . a useless <i>drift</i>." <i>Dryden</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A mass of matter which has been driven or forced onward together in a body, or thrown together in a heap, etc., esp. by wind or water; <as>as, a <ex>drift</ex> of snow, of ice, of sand, and the like</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Drifts</b> of rising dust involve the sky.
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We got the brig a good bed in the rushing <b>drift</b> [of ice].
<i>Kane.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A drove or flock, as of cattle, sheep, birds</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Cattle coming over the bridge (with their great <b>drift</b> doing much damage to the high ways).
<i> Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The horizontal thrust or pressure of an arch or vault upon the abutments.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A collection of loose earth and rocks, or boulders, which have been distributed over large portions of the earth's surface, especially in latitudes north of forty degrees, by the agency of ice.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>In South Africa, a ford in a river.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A slightly tapered tool of steel for enlarging or shaping a hole in metal, by being forced or driven into or through it; a broach.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tool used in driving down compactly the composition contained in a rocket, or like firework</def>.   <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A deviation from the line of fire, peculiar to oblong projectiles.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A passage driven or cut between shaft and shaft; a driftway; a small subterranean gallery; an adit or tunnel.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The distance through which a current flows in a given time.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The angle which the line of a ship's motion makes with the meridian, in drifting.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The distance to which a vessel is carried off from her desired course by the wind, currents, or other causes.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The place in a deep-waisted vessel where the sheer is raised and the rail is cut off, and usually terminated with a scroll, or driftpiece.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>The distance between the two blocks of a tackle.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>The difference between the size of a bolt and the hole into which it is driven, or between the circumference of a hoop and that of the mast on which it is to be driven.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Drift</i> is used also either adjectively or as the first part of a compound. See <er>Drift</er>, <tt>a.</tt></note>

<cs><col>Drift of the forest</col> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>an examination or view of the cattle in a forest, in order to see whose they are, whether they are commonable, and to determine whether or not the forest is surcharged.</cd></cs>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Drift</h1>
<Xpage=454>

<hw>Drift</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Drifted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Drifting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To float or be driven along by, or as by, a current of water or air; <as>as, the ship <ex>drifted</ex> astern; a raft <ex>drifted</ex> ashore; the balloon <ex>drifts</ex> slowly east.</as></def>

<blockquote>We <b>drifted</b> o'er the harbor bar.
<i> Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To accumulate in heaps by the force of wind; to be driven into heaps; <as>as, snow or sand <ex>drifts</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(mining)</fld> <def>to make a drift; to examine a vein or ledge for the purpose of ascertaining the presence of metals or ores; to follow a vein; to prospect.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Drift</h1>
<Xpage=454>

<hw>Drift</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To drive or carry, as currents do a floating body.</def>

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To drive into heaps; <as>as, a current of wind <ex>drifts</ex> snow or sand</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>To enlarge or shape, as a hole, with a drift.</def>

<h1>Drift</h1>
<Xpage=454>

<hw>Drift</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That causes drifting or that is drifted; movable by wind or currents; <as>as, <ex>drift</ex> currents; <ex>drift</ex> ice; <ex>drift</ex> mud.</as></def>

<i>Kane.</i>

<cs><col>Drift anchor</col>. <cd>See <er>Sea anchor</er>, and also <i>Drag sail<i>, under <er>Drag</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Drift epoch</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the glacial epoch.</cd> -- <col>Drift net</col>, <cd>a kind of fishing net.</cd> -- <col>Drift sail</col>. <cd>Same as <i>Drag sail<i>. See under <er>Drag</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Driftage</h1>
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<hw>Drift"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Deviation from a ship's course due to leeway.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything that drifts.</def>

<h1>Driftbolt</h1>
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<hw>Drift"bolt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bolt for driving out other bolts.</def>

<h1>Driftless</h1>
<Xpage=454>

<hw>Drift"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no drift or direction; without aim; purposeless.</def>

<h1>Driftpiece</h1>
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<hw>Drift"piece"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>An upright or curved piece of timber connecting the plank sheer with the gunwale; also, a scroll terminating a rail.</def>

<h1>Driftpin</h1>
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<hw>Drift"pin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A smooth drift. See <er>Drift</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 9.</def>

<h1>Driftway</h1>
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<hw>Drift"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A common way, road, or path, for driving cattle.</def>

<i>Cowell. Burrill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Drift</er>, <er>11</er>.</def>

<h1>Driftweed</h1>
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<hw>Drift"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Seaweed drifted to the shore by the wind.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Driftwind</h1>
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<hw>Drift"wind`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A driving wind; a wind that drives snow, sand, etc., into heaps.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Driftwood</h1>
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<hw>Drift"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Wood drifted or floated by water.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Whatever is drifting or floating as on water.</def>

<blockquote>The current of humanity, with its heavy proportion of very useless <b>driftwood</b>.
<i> New Your Times.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drifty</h1>
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<hw>Drift"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of drifts; tending to form drifts, as snow, and the like.</def>

<h1>Drill</h1>
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<hw>Drill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Drilled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Drilling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D. <ets>drillen</ets> to bore, drill (soldiers); probably akin to AS. <ets>pyrlian</ets>, <ets>pyrelian</ets>, to pierce. See <er>Thrill</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To pierce or bore with a drill, or a with a drill; to perforate; <as>as, to <ex>drill</ex> a hole into a rock; to <ex>drill</ex> a piece of metal.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To train in the military art; to exercise diligently, as soldiers, in military evolutions and exercises; hence, to instruct thoroughly in the rudiments of any art or branch of knowledge; to discipline.</def>

<blockquote>He [Frederic the Great] <b>drilled</b> his people, as he <b>drilled</b> his grenadiers.
<i> Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drill</h1>
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<hw>Drill</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To practice an exercise or exercises; to train one's self.</def>

<h1>Drill</h1>
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<hw>Drill</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument with an edged or pointed end used for making holes in hard substances; strictly, a tool that cuts with its end, by revolving, as in drilling metals, or by a succession of blows, as in drilling stone; also, a drill press.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The act or exercise of training soldiers in the military art, as in the manual of arms, in the execution of evolutions, and the like; hence, diligent and strict instruction and exercise in the rudiments and methods of any business; a kind or method of military exercises; <as>as, infantry <ex>drill</ex>; battalion <ex>drill</ex>; artillery <ex>drill</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any exercise, physical or mental, enforced with regularity and by constant repetition; <as>as, a severe <ex>drill</ex> in Latin grammar</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine gastropod, of several species, which kills oysters and other bivalves by drilling holes through the shell. The most destructive kind is <i>Urosalpinx cinerea</i>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Bow drill</col>, <col>Breast drill</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Bow</er>, <er>Breast</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cotter drill</col>, &or; <col>Traverse drill</col></mcol>, <cd>a machine tool for drilling slots.</cd> -- <col>Diamond drill</col>. <cd>See under <er>Diamond</er>.</cd> -- <col>Drill jig</col>. <cd>See under <er>Jig</er>.</cd> -- <col>Drill pin</col>, <cd>the pin in a lock which enters the hollow stem of the key.</cd> -- <col>Drill sergeant</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a noncommissioned officer whose office it is to instruct soldiers as to their duties, and to train them to military exercises and evolutions.</cd> -- <col>Vertical drill</col>, <cd>a drill press.</cd></cs>

<h1>Drill</h1>
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<hw>Drill</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Trill</er> to trickle, <er>Trickle</er>, <er>Dribble</er>, and W. <ets>rhillio</ets> to put in a row, drill.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to flow in drills or rills or by trickling; to drain by trickling; <as>as, waters <ex>drilled</ex> through a sandy stratum</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sow, as seeds, by dribbling them along a furrow or in a row, like a trickling rill of water.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To entice; to allure from step; to decoy; -- with <i>on</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>See <b>drilled</b> him on to five-fifty.
<i> Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cause to slip or waste away by degrees.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote> This accident hath <b>drilled</b> away the whole summer.
<i> Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drill</h1>
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<hw>Drill</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To trickle.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sow in drills.</def>

<h1>Drill</h1>
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<hw>Drill</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A small trickling stream; a rill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Springs through the pleasant meadows pour their <b>drills</b>.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Agr.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An implement for making holes for sowing seed, and sometimes so formed as to contain seeds and drop them into the hole made</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A light furrow or channel made to put seed into sowing</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A row of seed sown in a furrow.</def>

<hr>
<page="455">
Page 455<p>

<note>&hand; <i>Drill</i> is used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound; as, <i>drill</i> barrow or <i>drill</i>-barrow; <i>drill</i> husbandry; <i>drill</i> plow or <i>drill</i>-plow.</note>

<cs><col>Drill barrow</col>, <cd>a wheeled implement for planting seed in drills.</cd> -- <col>Drill bow</col>, <cd>a small bow used for the purpose of rapidly turning a drill around which the bowstring takes a turn.</cd> -- <col>Drill harrow</col>, <cd>a harrow used for stirring the ground between rows, or drills.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Drill plow</col>, &or; <col>Drill plough</col></mcol>, <cd>a sort plow for sowing grain in drills.</cd></cs>

<h1>Drill</h1>
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<hw>Drill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Mandrill</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large African baboon (<spn>Cynocephalus leucoph\'91us</spn>).</def>

<h1>Drill</h1>
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<hw>Drill</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Usually in <ets>pl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Manuf.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Drilling</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Imperial drill</col>, <cd>a linen fabric having two threads in the warp and three in the filling.</cd></cs>

<h1>Driller</h1>
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<hw>Drill"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, drills.</def>

<h1>Drilling</h1>
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<hw>Drill"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of piercing with a drill.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A training by repeated exercises.</def>

<h1>Drilling</h1>
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<hw>Drill"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of using a drill in sowing seeds.</def>

<h1>Drilling</h1>
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<hw>Drill"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>drillich</ets>, fr. L. <ets>trilix</ets> having three threads, fr. the of <ets>tres</ets> three + <ets>licium</ets> a thread of the warm. See <er>Three</er>, and cf. <er>Twill</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Manuf.)</fld> <def>A heavy, twilled fabric of linen or cotton.</def>

<h1>Drillmaster</h1>
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<hw>Drill"mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who teaches drill, especially in the way of gymnastics.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Drill press</h1>
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<hw>Drill" press`</hw> . <def>A machine for drilling holes in metal, the drill being pressed to the metal by the action of a screw.</def>

<h1>Drillstock</h1>
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<hw>Drill"stock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A contrivance for holding and turning a drill.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Drily</h1>
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<hw>Dri"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>See <er>Dryly</er>.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Drimays</h1>
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<hw>Dri"mays</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ sharp, acrid.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of magnoliaceous trees. <i>Drimys aromatica</i> furnishes Winter's bark.</def>

<h1>Drink</h1>
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<hw>Drink</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Drank</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, formerly <er>Drunk</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; & <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Drunk</er>, <er>Drunken</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Drinking</er>. <i>Drunken</i> is now rarely used, except as a verbal adj. in sense of <i>habitually intoxicated</i>; the form <i>drank</i>, not infrequently used as a p. p., is not so analogical.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>drincan</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>drinkan</ets>, D. <ets>drinken</ets>, G. <ets>trinken</ets>, Icel. <ets>drekka</ets>, Sw. <ets>dricka</ets>, Dan. <ets>drikke</ets>, Goth. <ets>drigkan</ets>. Cf. <er>Drench</er>, <er>Drunken</er>, <er>Drown</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To swallow anything liquid, for quenching thirst or other purpose; to imbibe; to receive or partake of, as if in satisfaction of thirst; <as>as, to <ex>drink</ex> from a spring</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Gird thyself, and serve me, till have eaten and <b>drunken</b>; and afterward thou shalt eat and <b>drink</b>.
<i>Luke xvii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He shall <b>drink</b> of the wrath the Almighty.
<i>Job xxi. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Drink</b> of the cup that can not cloy.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To quaff exhilarating or intoxicating liquors, in merriment or feasting; to carouse; to revel; hence, to lake alcoholic liquors to excess; to be intemperate in the <?/se of intoxicating or spirituous liquors; to tipple.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>And they <b>drank</b>, and were merry with him.
<i>Gem. xliii. 34.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Bolingbroke always spoke freely when he had <b>drunk</b> freely.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To drink to</col>, <cd>to salute in drinking; to wish well to, in the act of taking the cup; to pledge in drinking.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>I <b>drink to</b> the general joy of the whole table,
And to our dear friend Banquo.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drink</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Drink</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To swallow (a liquid); to receive, as a fluid, into the stomach; to imbibe; <as>as, to <ex>drink</ex> milk or water</as>.</def>

<blockquote>There lies she with the blessed gods in bliss,
There <b>drinks</b> the nectar with ambrosia mixed.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The bowl of punch which was brewed and <b>drunk</b> in Mrs. Betty's room.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take in (a liquid), in any manner; to suck up; to absorb; to imbibe.</def>

<blockquote>And let the purple violets <b>drink</b> the stream.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take in; to receive within one, through the senses; to inhale; to hear; to see.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>drink</b> the cooler air,
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My ears have not yet <b>drunk</b> a hundred words
Of that tongue's utterance.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let me . . . <b>drink</b> delicious poison from thy eye.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To smoke, as tobacco.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And some men now live ninety years and past,
Who never <b>drank</b> to tobacco first nor last.
<i>Taylor (1630. )</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To drink down</col>, <cd>to act on by drinking; to reduce or subdue; as, to <i>drink down<i> unkindness. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To drink in</col>, <cd>to take into one's self by drinking, or as by drinking; to receive and appropriate as in satisfaction of thirst. "Song was the form of literature which he [Burns] had <i>drunk in<i> from his cradle." <i>J. C. Shairp</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To drink off</col> &or; <col>up</col></mcol>, <cd>to drink the whole at a draught; <as>as, to <ex>drink off<ex> a cup of cordial.</as></cd> -- <mcol><col>To drink the health of</col>, &or; <col>To drink to the health of</col></mcol>, <cd>to drink while expressing good wishes for the health or welfare of.</cd></cs>

<h1>Drink</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Drink</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Liquid to be swallowed; any fluid to be taken into the stomach for quenching thirst or for other purposes, as water, coffee, or decoctions.</def>

<blockquote>Give me some <b>drink</b>, Titinius.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, intoxicating liquor; <as>as, when <ex>drink</ex> is on, wit is out</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Drink money</col>, &or; <col>Drink penny</col></mcol>, <cd>an allowance, or perquisite, given to buy drink; a gratuity.</cd> -- <col>Drink offering</col> <fld>(Script.)</fld>, <cd>an offering of wine, etc., in the Jewish religious service.</cd> -- <col>In drink</col>, <cd>drunk.</cd> "The poor monster's <i>in drink<i>." <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>Strong drink</col>, <cd>intoxicating liquor; esp., liquor containing a large proportion of alcohol.</cd> " Wine is a mocker, <i>strong drink<i> is raging."  <i>Prov. xx. 1.</i></blockquote></cs>

<h1>Drinkable</h1>
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<hw>Drink"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being drunk; suitable for drink; potable. <i>Macaulay</i>. Also used substantively, esp. in the plural.</def>

<i>Steele.</i>

<h1>Drinkableness</h1>
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<hw>Drink"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being drinkable.</def>

<h1>Drinker</h1>
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<hw>Drink"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who drinks; <as>as, the effects of tea on the <ex>drinker</ex></as>; also, one who drinks spirituous liquors to excess; a drunkard.</def>

<cs><col>Drinker moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large British moth (<spn>Odonestis potatoria</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Drinking</h1>
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<hw>Drink"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who drinks; the act of imbibing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The practice of partaking to excess of intoxicating liquors.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An entertainment with liquors; a carousal.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Drinking</i> is used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound; as, a <i>drinking</i> song, <i>drinking</i> cup, <i>drinking</i> glass, <i>drinking</i> house, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Drinking horn</col>, <cd>a drinking vessel made of a horn.</cd></cs>

<h1>Drinkless</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Drink"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of drink.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Drip</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Drip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dripped</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Dript</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dripping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to LG. <ets>drippen</ets>, Dan. <ets>dryppe</ets>, from a noun. See <er>Drop</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To fall in drops; <as>as, water <ex>drips</ex> from the eaves</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To let fall drops of moisture or liquid; <as>as, a wet garment <ex>drips</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The dark round of the <b>dripping</b> wheel.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drip</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Drip</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To let fall in drops.</def>

<blockquote>Which from the thatch <b>drips</b> fast a shower of rain.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drip</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Drip</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A falling or letting fall in drops; a dripping; that which drips, or falls in drops.</def>

<blockquote>The light <b>drip</b> of the suspended oar.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>That part of a cornice, sill course, or other horizontal member, which projects beyond the rest, and is of such section as to throw off the rain water.</def>

<cs><col>Right of drip</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an easement or servitude by which a man has the right to have the water flowing from his house fall on the land of his neighbor.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dripping</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Drip"ping</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A falling in drops, or the sound so made.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which falls in drops, as fat from meat in roasting.</def>

<cs><col>Dripping pan</col>, <cd>a pan for receiving the fat which drips from meat in roasting.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dripple</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Drip"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Drip</er>, cf. <er>Dribble</er>.]</ety> <def>Weak or rare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dripstone</h1>
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<hw>Drip"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A drip, when made of stone. See <er>Drip</er>, <er>2</er>.</def>

<h1>Drive</h1>
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<hw>Drive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Drove</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, formerly <er>Drave</er> (<?/); <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Driven</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Driving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>dr\'c6fan</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>dr\'c6ban</ets>, D. <ets>drijven</ets>, OHG. <ets>tr\'c6ban</ets>, G. <ets>treiben</ets>, Icel. <ets>dr\'c6fa</ets>, Goth. <ets>dreiban</ets>. Cf. <er>Drift</er>, <er>Drove</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To impel or urge onward by force in a direction away from one, or along before one; to push forward; to compel to move on; to communicate motion to; <as>as, to <ex>drive</ex> cattle; to <ex>drive</ex> a nail; smoke <ex>drives</ex> persons from a room.</as></def>

<blockquote>A storm came on and <b>drove</b> them into Pylos.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Shield pressed on shield, and man <b>drove</b> man along.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Go <b>drive</b> the deer and drag the finny prey.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To urge on and direct the motions of, as the beasts which draw a vehicle, or the vehicle borne by them; hence, also, to take in a carriage; to convey in a vehicle drawn by beasts; <as>as, to <ex>drive</ex> a pair of horses or a stage; to <ex>drive</ex> a person to his own door.</as></def>

<blockquote>How . . . proud he was to <b>drive</b> such a brother!
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To urge, impel, or hurry forward; to force; to constrain; to urge, press, or bring to a point or state; <as>as, to <ex>drive</ex> person by necessity, by persuasion, by force of circumstances, by argument, and the like</as>.</def> " Enough to <i>drive</i> one mad."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>He, <b>driven</b> to dismount, threatened, if I did not do the like, to do as much for my horse as fortune had done for his.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To carry or; to keep in motion; to conduct; to prosecute. [Now used only colloquially.]</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>The trade of life can not be <b>driven</b> without partners.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To clear, by forcing away what is contained.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>drive</b> the country, force the swains away.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To dig Horizontally; to cut a horizontal gallery or tunnel.</def>

<i>Tomlinson.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To pass away; -- said of time.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Drive</i>, in all its senses, implies forcible or violent action. It is the reverse of to <i>lead</i>. To <i>drive</i> a body is to move it by applying a force behind; to <i>lead</i> is to cause to move by applying the force before, or in front. It takes a variety of meanings, according to the objects by which it is followed; as, <i>to drive an engine</i>, to direct and regulate its motions; <i>to drive logs</i>, to keep them in the current of a river and direct them in their course; <i>to drive feathers</i> or <i>down</i>, to place them in a machine, which, by a current of air, <i>drives</i> off the lightest to one end, and collects them by themselves. "My thrice-<i>driven</i> bed of down."</note>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Drive</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Drive</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To rush and press with violence; to move furiously.</def>

<blockquote>Fierce Boreas <b>drove</b> against his flying sails.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Under cover of the night and a <b>driving</b> tempest.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Time <b>driveth</b> onward fast,
And in a little while our lips are dumb.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be forced along; to be impelled; to be moved by any physical force or agent; to be driven.</def>

<blockquote>The hull <b>drives</b> on, though mast and sail be torn.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The chaise <b>drives</b> to Mr. Draper's chambers.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To go by carriage; to pass in a carriage; to proceed by directing or urging on a vehicle or the animals that draw it; <as>as, the coachman <ex>drove</ex> to my door</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To press forward; to aim, or tend, to a point; to make an effort; to strive; -- usually with <i>at</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Let them therefore declare what carnal or secular interest he <b>drove</b> at.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To distrain for rent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>To let drive</col>, <cd>to aim a blow; to strike with force; to attack. "Four rogues in buckram <i>let drive<i> at me."</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Drive</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Drive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Driven.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Drive</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Drive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of driving; a trip or an excursion in a carriage, as for exercise or pleasure; -- distinguished from a ride taken on horseback.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place suitable or agreeable for driving; a road prepared for driving.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Violent or rapid motion; a rushing onward or away; esp., a forced or hurried dispatch of business.</def>

<blockquote>The Murdstonian <b>drive</b> in business.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In type founding and forging, an impression or matrix, formed by a punch drift.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A collection of objects that are driven; a mass of logs to be floated down a river.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Ride</er>.</syn>

<h1>Drivebolt</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Drive"bolt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A drift; a tool for setting bolts home.</def>

<h1>Drivel</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Driv"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Driveled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Drivelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Driveling</er> or <er>Drivelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>dravelen</ets>, <ets>drabelen</ets>, <ets>drevelen</ets>, <ets>drivelen</ets>, to slaver, and E. <ets>drabble</ets>. Cf. <er>Drool</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To slaver; to let spittle drop or flow from the mouth, like a child, idiot, or dotard.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Perh. a different word: cf. Icel. <ets>drafa</ets> to talk thick.]</ety> <def>To be weak or foolish; to dote; <as>as, a <ex>driveling</ex> hero; <ex>driveling</ex> love.</as></def>

<i>Shak. Dryden.</i>

<h1>Drivel</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Driv"el</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Slaver; saliva flowing from the mouth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inarticulate or unmeaning utterance; foolish talk; babble.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A driveler; a fool; an idiot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A servant; a drudge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Huloet.</i>

<h1>Driveler</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Driv"el*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A slaverer; a slabberer; an idiot; a fool.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>driveller</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Driven</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Driv"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Drive</er>. Also <i>adj</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Driven well</col>, <cd>a well made by driving a tube into the earth to an aqueous stratum; -- called also <altname>drive well</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Drivepipe</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Drive"pipe`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pipe for forcing into the earth.</def>

<h1>Driver</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Driv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Drive</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, drives; the person or thing that urges or compels anything else to move onward.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The person who drives beasts or a carriage; a coachman; a charioteer, etc.; hence, also, one who controls the movements of a locomotive.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An overseer of a gang of slaves or gang of convicts at their work.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A part that transmits motion to another part by contact with it, or through an intermediate relatively movable part, as a gear which drives another, or a lever which moves another through a link, etc. Specifically:</def>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The driving wheel of a locomotive</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An attachment to a lathe, spindle, or face plate to turn a carrier</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A crossbar on a grinding mill spindle to drive the upper stone</def>.

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The after sail in a ship or bark, being a fore-and-aft sail attached to a gaff; a spanker.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<cs><col>Driver ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of African stinging ant; one of the visiting ants (<spn>Anomma arcens</spn>); -- so called because they move about in vast armies, and drive away or devour all insects and other small animals.</cd></cs>

<h1>Driveway</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Drive"way`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A passage or way along or through which a carriage may be driven.</def>

<h1>Driving</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Driv"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having great force of impulse; <as>as, a <ex>driving</ex> wind or storm</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Communicating force; impelling; <as>as, a <ex>driving</ex> shaft</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Driving axle</col>, <cd>the axle of a driving wheel, as in a locomotive.</cd> -- <col>Driving box</col> <fld>(Locomotive)</fld>, <cd>the journal box of a driving axle. See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Locomotive</er>.</cd> -- <col>Driving note</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a syncopated note; a tone begun on a weak part of a measure and held through the next accented part, thus anticipating the accent and <i>driving<i> it through.</cd> -- <col>Driving spring</col>, <cd>a spring fixed upon the box of the driving axle of a locomotive engine to support the weight and deaden shocks. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <i>Weale</i>.</cd> -- <col>Driving wheel</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a wheel that communicates motion; one of the large wheels of a locomotive to which the connecting rods of the engine are attached; -- called also, simply, <i>driver<i>. See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Locomotive</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Driving</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Driv"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of forcing or urging something along; the act of pressing or moving on furiously.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tendency; drift.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Drizzle</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Driz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Drizzled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Drizzling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prop. freq. of AS. <ets>dre\'a2san</ets> to fall. See <er>Dreary</er>.]</ety> <def>To rain slightly in very small drops; to fall, as water from the clouds, slowly and in fine particles; <as>as, it <ex>drizzles</ex>; <ex>drizzling</ex> drops or rain.</as></def> "<i>Drizzling</i> tears."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Drizzle</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Driz"zle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shed slowly in minute drops or particles.</def> "The air doth <i>drizzle</i> dew."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Drizzle</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Driz"zle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fine rain or mist.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Drizzly</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Driz"zly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by small rain, or snow; moist and disagreeable.</def> "Winter's <i>drizzly</i> reign."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Drock</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Drock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A water course.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Drofland, Dryfland</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw><hw>Drof"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dryf"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Drove</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An ancient yearly payment made by some tenants to the king, or to their landlords, for the privilege of driving their cattle through a manor to fairs or markets.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Drogher</h1>
<Xpage=455>

<hw>Dro"gher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Drag</er>.]</ety> <def>A small craft used in the West India Islands to take off sugars, rum, etc., to the merchantmen; also, a vessel for transporting lumber, cotton, etc., coastwise; <as>as, a lumber <ex>drogher</ex></as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>droger</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Ham. Nar. Encyc.</i>

<hr>
<page="456">
Page 456<p>

<h1>Drogman, Drogoman</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw><hw>Drog"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Drog"o*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Dragoman</er>.</def>

<h1>Drogue</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Drag</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <p><b>6</b>, and <i>Drag sail</i>, under <er>Drag</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Droh</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Droh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Draw</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Droil</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Droil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>druilen</ets> to mope.]</ety> <def>To work sluggishly or slowly; to plod.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Droil</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Droil</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>druil</ets> sluggard. Cf. <er>Droll</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A drudge</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mean labor; toil.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Droit</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Droit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Direct</er>.]</ety> <def>A right; law in its aspect of the foundation of rights; also, in old law, the writ of right.</def>

<i> Abbott.</i>

<cs><col>Droit d'aubaine</col>. <cd>See under <er>Aubaine</er>.</cd> -- <col>Droits of the Admiralty</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>rights or perquisites of the Admiralty, arising from seizure of an enemy's ships in port on the breaking out of war, or those coming into port in ignorance of hostilities existing, or from such ships as are taken by noncommissioned captors; also, the proceeds of wrecks, and derelict property at sea. The <i>droits of admiralty<i> are now paid into the Exchequer for the public benefit.</cd></cs>

<h1>Droitural</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Droi"tu*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>relating to the mere right of property, as distinguished from the right of possession; <as>as, <ex>droitural</ex> actions</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Droitzschka</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Droitzsch"ka</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Drosky</er>.</def>

<h1>Droll</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Droll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Droller</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Drollest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>dr\'93le</ets>; cf. G. & D. <ets>drollig</ets>, LG. <ets>drullig</ets>, D. <ets>drol</ets> a thick and short person, a droll, Sw. <ets>troll</ets> a magical appearance, demon, <ets>trolla</ets> to use magic arts, enchant, Dan. <ets>trold</ets> elf, imp, Icel. <ets>tr\'94ll</ets> giant, magician, evil spirit, monster. If this is the origin, cf. <er>Trull</er>.]</ety> <def>Queer, and fitted to provoke laughter; ludicrous from oddity; amusing and strange.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Comic; comical; farcical; diverting; humorous; ridiculous; queer; odd; waggish; facetious; merry; laughable; ludicrous. -- <er>Droll</er>, <er>Laughable</er>, <er>Comical</er>. <i>Laughable</i> is the generic term, denoting anything exciting laughter or worthy of laughter; <i>comical</i> denotes something of the kind exhibited in <i>comedies</i>, something humorous of the kind exhibited in <i>comedies</i>, something, as it were, dramatically <i>humorous</i>; <i>droll</i> stands lower on the scale, having reference to persons or things which excite laughter by their buffoonery or oddity. A <i>laughable</i> incident; a <i>comical</i> adventure; a <i>droll</i> story.</syn>

<h1>Droll</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Droll</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One whose practice it is to raise mirth by odd tricks; a jester; a buffoon; a merry-andrew.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something exhibited to raise mirth or sport, as a puppet, a farce, and the like.</def>

<h1>Droll</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Droll</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Drolled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Drolling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To jest; to play the buffoon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Droll</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Droll</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lead or influence by jest or trick; to banter or jest; to cajole.</def>

<blockquote>Men that will not be reasoned into their senses, may yet be laughed or <b>drolled</b> into them.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a jest of; to set in a comical light.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>This <b>drolling</b> everything is rather fatiguing.
<i> W. D. Howells.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Droller</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Droll"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A jester; a droll.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Drollery</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Droll"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Drolleries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>dr\'93lerie</ets>. See <er>Droll</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being droll; sportive tricks; buffoonery; droll stories; comical gestures or manners.</def>

<blockquote>The rich <b>drollery</b> of "She Stoops to Conquer."
<i> Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something which serves to raise mirth</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A puppet show; also, a puppet</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A lively or comic picture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I bought an excellent <b>drollery</b>, which I afterward parted with to my brother George of Wotton.
<i> Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drollingly</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Droll"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a jesting manner.</def>

<h1>Drollish</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Droll"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat droll.</def>

<i> Sterne.</i>

<h1>Drollist</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Droll"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A droll.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Drom\'91ognathous</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Dro`m\'91*og"na*thous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>dromaius</ets> emu + Gr. <?/ jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the structure of the palate like that of the ostrich and emu.</def>

<h1>Dromatherium</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drom`a*the"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ running + <?/ beast. See <er>Dromedary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A small extinct triassic mammal from North Carolina, the earliest yet found in America.</def>

<h1>Drome</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Gr. <?/ running. See <er>Dromedary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The crab plover (<spn>Dromas ardeola</spn>), a peculiar North African bird, allied to the oyster catcher.</def>

<h1>Dromedary</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drom"e*da*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dromedaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>dromadaire</ets>, LL. <ets>dromedarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dromas</ets> (sc. <ets>camelus</ets>), fr. Gr. <?/ running, from <?/, used as aor. of <?/ to run; cf. Skr. <ets>dram</ets> to run.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Arabian camel (<spn>Camelus dromedarius</spn>), having one hump or protuberance on the back, in distinction from the <i>Bactrian camel</i>, which has two humps.</def>

<note>&hand; In Arabia and Egypt the name is restricted to the better breeds of this species of camel. See <er>Deloul</er>.</note>

<h1>Dromond, &or; Dromon</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw><hw>Drom"ond</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Drom"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <ety>[OF. <ets>dromont</ets>, L. <ets>dromo</ets>, fr. Gr.<?/ light vessel, prob. fr.<?/ to run. See <er>Dromedary</er>.]</ety> <def>In the Middle Ages, a large, fast-sailing galley, or cutter; a large, swift war vessel.</def> <mark>[Hist. or Archaic]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<blockquote>The great <b>dromond</b> swinging from the quay.
<i> W. Morris.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drone</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>drane</ets> a dronebee, AS. <ets>dr\'ben</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>dr\'ben</ets>, OHG. <ets>treno</ets>, G. <ets>drohne</ets>, Dan.  <ets>drone</ets>, cf. Gr. <?/ a kind of wasp, dial. Gr. <?/ drone. Prob. named fr. the droning sound. See <er>Drone</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The male of bees, esp. of the honeybee. It gathers no honey. See <er>Honeybee</er>.</def>

<blockquote>All with united force combine to drive
The lazy <b>drones</b> from the laborious hive.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who lives on the labors of others; a lazy, idle fellow; a sluggard.</def>

<blockquote>By living as a <b>drone</b>,to be an unprofitable and unworthy member of so noble and learned a society.
<i> Burton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which gives out a grave or monotonous tone or dull sound; as: <sd>(a)</sd> A drum. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Halliwell</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> The part of the bagpipe containing the two lowest tubes, which always sound the key note and the fifth.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A humming or deep murmuring sound.</def>

<blockquote>The monotonous <b>drone</b> of the wheel.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A monotonous bass, as in a pastoral composition.</def>

<h1>Drone</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Droned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Droning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. (for sense 1) D. <ets>dreunen</ets>, G. <ets>dr\'94hnen</ets>, Icel. <ets>drynja</ets> to roar, <ets>drynr</ets> a roaring, Sw. <ets>dr\'94na</ets> to bellow, drone, Dan. <ets>dr\'94ne</ets>, Goth. <ets>drunjus</ets> sound, Gr. <?/ dirge, <?/ to cry aloud, Skr. <ets>dhran</ets> to sound. Cf. <er>Drone</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter or make a low, dull, monotonous, humming or murmuring sound.</def>

<blockquote>Where the beetle wheels his <b>droning</b> flight.
<i>T. Gray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To love in idleness; to do nothing.</def> "Race of <i>droning</i> kings."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Drone bee</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drone" bee`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The male of the honeybee; a drone.</def>

<h1>Drone fly</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drone" fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dipterous insect (<spn>Eristalis tenax</spn>), resembling the drone bee. See <er>Eristalis</er>.</def>

<h1>Dronepipe</h1>
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<hw>Drone"pipe`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the low-toned tubes of a bagpipe.</def>

<h1>Drongo</h1>
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<hw>Dron"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Drongos</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A passerine bird of the family <spn>Dicrurid\'91</spn>. They are usually black with a deeply forked tail. They are natives of Asia, Africa, and Australia; -- called also <altname>drongo shrikes</altname>.</def>

<h1>Dronish</h1>
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<hw>Dron"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a drone; indolent; slow.</def> <i>Burke</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Dron"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dron"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dronkelewe</h1>
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<hw>Dron"ke*lewe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Drink</er>.]</ety> <def>Given to drink; drunken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dronte</h1>
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<hw>Dron"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dodo.</def>

<h1>Drony</h1>
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<hw>Dron"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a drone; sluggish; lazy.</def>

<h1>Drool</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drool</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Drooled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Drooling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>drivel</ets>.]</ety> <def>To drivel, or drop saliva; <as>as, the child <ex>drools</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>His mouth <b>drooling</b> with texts.
<i> T. Parker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Droop</h1>
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<hw>Droop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Drooped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Drooping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Icel.  <ets>dr<?/pa</ets>; akin to E. <ets>drop</ets>. See <er>Drop</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To hang bending downward; to sink or hang down, as an animal, plant, etc., from physical inability or exhaustion, want of nourishment, or the like.</def>  "The purple flowers <i>droop</i>."  "Above her <i>drooped</i> a lamp."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>I saw him ten days before he died, and observed he began very much to <b>droop</b> and languish.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grow weak or faint with disappointment, grief, or like causes; to be dispirited or depressed; to languish; <as>as, her spirits <ex>drooped</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>I'll animate the soldier's <b>drooping</b> courage.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To proceed downward, or toward a close; to decline.</def> "Then day <i>drooped</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Droop</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Droop</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To let droop or sink.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<blockquote>Like to a withered vine
That <b>droops</b> his sapless branches to the ground.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Droop</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Droop</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A drooping; <as>as, a <ex>droop</ex> of the eye</as>.</def>

<h1>Drooper</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Droop"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, droops.</def>

<h1>Droopingly</h1>
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<hw>Droop"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a drooping manner.</def>

<h1>Drop</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>drope</ets>, AS. <ets>dropa</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>dropo</ets>, D. <ets>drop</ets>, OHG. <ets>tropo</ets>, G. <ets>tropfen</ets>, Icel. <ets>dropi</ets>, Sw. <ets>droppe</ets>; and Fr. AS. <ets>dre\'a2pan</ets> to drip, drop; akin to OS. <ets>driopan</ets>, D. <ets>druipen</ets>, OHG. <ets>triofan</ets>, G. <ets>triefen</ets>, Icel. <ets>drj<?/pa</ets>. Cf. <er>Drip</er>, <er>Droop</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quantity of fluid which falls in one small spherical mass; a liquid globule; a minim; hence, also, the smallest easily measured portion of a fluid; a small quantity; <as>as, a <ex>drop</ex> of water</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With minute <b>drops</b> from off the eaves.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As dear to me as are the ruddy <b>drops</b>
That visit my sad heart.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That <b>drop</b> of peace divine.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which resembles, or that which hangs like, a liquid drop; as a hanging diamond ornament, an earring, a glass pendant on a chandelier, a sugarplum (sometimes medicated), or a kind of shot or slug.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Gutta</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any small pendent ornament.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Whatever is arranged to drop, hang, or fall from an elevated position; also, a contrivance for lowering something</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A door or platform opening downward; a trap door; that part of the gallows on which a culprit stands when he is to be hanged; hence, the gallows itself</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A machine for lowering heavy weights, as packages, coal wagons, etc., to a ship's deck</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A contrivance for temporarily lowering a gas jet</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A curtain which drops or falls in front of the stage of a theater, etc.</def>  <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A drop press or drop hammer</def>. <sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The distance of the axis of a shaft below the base of a hanger.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Any medicine the dose of which is measured by drops; <as>as, lavender <ex>drops</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The depth of a square sail; -- generally applied to the courses only.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Act of dropping; sudden fall or descent.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Ague drop</col>, <col>Black drop</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Ague</er>, <er>Black</er>.</cd> -- <col>Drop by drop</col>, <cd>in small successive quantities; in repeated portions. "Made to taste <i>drop by drop<i> more than the bitterness of death." <i>Burke</i>.</cd> -- <col>Drop curtain</col>. <cd>See <er>Drop</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <p><b>4.</b> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Drop forging</col>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A forging made in dies by a drop hammer.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The process of making drop forgings.</cd> -- <col>Drop hammer</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a hammer for forging, striking up metal, etc., the weight being raised by a strap or similar device, and then released to drop on the metal resting on an anvil or die.</cd> -- <col>Drop kick</col> <fld>(Football)</fld>, <cd>a kick given to the ball as it rebounds after having been dropped from the hands.</cd> -- <col>Drop lake</col>, <cd>a pigment obtained from Brazil wood. <i>Mollett</i>.</cd> -- <col>Drop letter</col>, <cd>a letter to be delivered from the same office where posted.</cd> -- <col>Drop press</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a drop hammer; sometimes, a dead-stroke hammer; -- also called <i>drop<i>.</cd> -- <col>Drop scene</col>, <cd>a drop curtain on which a scene is painted. See <er>Drop</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4. <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Drop seed</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See the List under <er>Glass</er>.</cd> -- <col>Drop serene</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Amaurosis</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Drop</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dropped</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Dropt</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dropping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>droppen</ets>, AS. <ets>dropan</ets>, v. i. See <er>Drop</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To pour or let fall in drops; to pour in small globules; to distill.</def> "The trees <i>drop</i> balsam."

<i>Creech.</i>

<blockquote>The recording angel, as he wrote it down, <b>dropped</b> a tear upon the word and blotted it out forever.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to fall in one portion, or by one motion, like a drop; to let fall; <as>as, to <ex>drop</ex> a line in fishing; to <ex>drop</ex> a courtesy.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To let go; to dismiss; to set aside; to have done with; to discontinue; to forsake; to give up; to omit.</def>

<blockquote>They suddenly <b>drop't</b> the pursuit.
<i>S. Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That astonishing ease with which fine ladies <b>drop</b> you and pick you up again.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The connection had been <b>dropped</b> many years.
<i> Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Dropping</b> the too rough H in Hell and Heaven.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To bestow or communicate by a suggestion; to let fall in an indirect, cautious, or gentle manner; <as>as, to <ex>drop</ex> hint, a word of counsel, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To lower, as a curtain, or the muzzle of a gun, etc.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To send, as a letter; <as>as, please <ex>drop</ex> me a line, a letter, word</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To give birth to; <as>as, to <ex>drop</ex> a lamb</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To cover with drops; to variegate; to bedrop.</def>

<blockquote>Show to the sun their waved coats <b>dropped</b> with gold.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To drop a vessel</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to leave it astern in a race or a chase; to outsail it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Drop</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drop</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To fall in drops.</def>

<blockquote>The kindly dew <b>drops</b> from the higher tree,
And wets the little plants that lowly dwell.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fall, in general, literally or figuratively; <as>as, ripe fruit <ex>drops</ex> from a tree; wise words <ex>drop</ex> from the lips.</as></def>

<blockquote>Mutilations of which the meaning has <b>dropped</b> out of memory.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When the sound of <b>dropping</b> nuts is heard.
<i>Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To let drops fall; to discharge itself in drops.</def>

<blockquote>The heavens . . . <b>dropped</b> at the presence of God.
<i>Ps. lxviii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To fall dead, or to fall in death.</def>

<blockquote>Nothing, says Seneca, so soon reconciles us to the thoughts of our own death, as the prospect of one friend after another <b>dropping</b> round us.
<i>Digby.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To come to an end; to cease; to pass out of mind; <as>as, the affair <ex>dropped</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To come unexpectedly; -- with <i>in</i> or <i>into</i>; <as>as, my old friend <ex>dropped</ex> in a moment</as>.</def>

<i>Steele.</i>

<blockquote>Takes care to <b>drop</b> in when he thinks you are just seated.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To fall or be depressed; to lower; <as>as, the point of the spear <ex>dropped</ex> a little</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To fall short of a mark.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Often it <b>drops</b> or overshoots by the disproportion of distance.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To be deep in extent; to descend perpendicularly; <as>as, her main topsail <ex>drops</ex> seventeen yards</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To drop astern</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to go astern of another vessel; to be left behind; to slacken the speed of a vessel so as to fall behind and to let another pass a head.</cd> -- <col>To drop down</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to sail, row, or move down a river, or toward the sea.</cd> -- <col>To drop off</col>, <cd>to fall asleep gently; also, to die. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Droplet</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drop"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little drop; a tear.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Droplight</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drop"light`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An apparatus for bringing artificial light down from a chandelier nearer to a table or desk; a pendant.</def>

<h1>Dropmeal, Dropmele</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw><hw>Drop"meal`</hw>, <hw>Drop"mele`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>drop-m<?/lum</ets>; <ets>dropa</ets> drop + <ets>m<?/l</ets> portion. Cf. <er>Piecemeal</er>.]</ety> <def>By drops or small portions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Distilling <b>dropmeal</b>, a little at once.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dropper</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drop"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, drops. Specif.: <fld>(Fishing)</fld> A fly that drops from the leaden above the bob or end fly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dropping tube.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A branch vein which drops off from, or leaves, the main lode.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dog which suddenly drops upon the ground when it sights game, -- formerly a common, and still an occasional, habit of the setter.</def>

<h1>Dropping</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drop"ping</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The action of causing to drop or of letting drop; falling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>That which falls in drops; the excrement or dung of animals.</def>

<cs><col>Dropping bottle</col>, <cd>an instrument used to supply small quantities of a fluid to a test tube or other vessel.</cd> -- <col>Dropping fire</col>, <cd>a continued irregular discharge of firearms.</cd> -- <col>Dropping tube</col>, <cd>a tube for ejecting any liquid in drops.</cd></cs>

<h1>Droppinly</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drop"pin*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In drops.</def>

<h1>Dropsical</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drop"si*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Dropsy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Diseased with dropsy; hydropical; tending to dropsy; <as>as, a <ex>dropsical</ex> patient</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to dropsy.</def>

<h1>Dropsicalness</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drop"si*cal*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being dropsical.</def>

<h1>Dropsied</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drop"sied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Diseased with drops.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dropsy</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Drop"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dropsies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>dropsie</ets>, <ets>dropesie</ets>, OF. <ets>idropisie</ets>, F. <ets>hydropisie</ets>, L. <ets>hydropisis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ dropsy, fr. <?/ water. See <er>Water</er>, and cf. <er>Hydropsy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An unnatural collection of serous fluid in any serous cavity of the body, or in the subcutaneous cellular tissue.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Dropt</h1>
<Xpage=456>

<hw>Dropt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Drop</er>, <tt>v.</tt></def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Dropwise</h1>
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<hw>Drop"wise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>After the manner of a drop; in the form of drops.</def>

<blockquote>Trickling <b>dropwise</b> from the cleft.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="457">
Page 457<p>

<h1>Dropworm</h1>
<Xpage=457>

<hw>Drop"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of any geometrid moth, which drops from trees by means of a thread of silk, as the cankerworm.</def>

<h1>Dropwort</h1>
<Xpage=457>

<hw>Drop"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An Old World species of <spn>Spir\'91a</spn> (<spn>S. filipendula</spn>), with finely cut leaves.</def>

<h1>Drosera</h1>
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<hw>Dros"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ dewy.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of low perennial or biennial plants, the leaves of which are beset with gland-tipped bristles. See <er>Sundew</er>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Drosky</h1>
<Xpage=457>

<hw>Dros"ky</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Droskies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Russ. <ets>drojki</ets>, dim. of <ets>drogi</ets> a kind of carriage, prop. pl. of <ets>droga</ets> shaft or pole of a carriage.]</ety> <def>A low, four-wheeled, open carriage, used in Russia, consisting of a kind of long, narrow bench, on which the passengers ride as on a saddle, with their feet reaching nearly to the ground. Other kinds of vehicles are now so called, esp. a kind of victoria drawn by one or two horses, and used as a public carriage in German cities.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>droitzschka</asp>, and <asp>droschke</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Drosometer</h1>
<Xpage=457>

<hw>Dro*som"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ dew + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>drosom\'82tre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Meteorol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the quantity of dew on the surface of a body in the open air. It consists of a balance, having a plate at one end to receive the dew, and at the other a weight protected from the deposit of dew.</def>

<h1>Dross</h1>
<Xpage=457>

<hw>Dross</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>dros</ets>, fr. <ets>dre\'a2san</ets> to fall. See <er>Dreary</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The scum or refuse matter which is thrown off, or falls from, metals in smelting the ore, or in the process of melting; recrement.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rust of metals.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Waste matter; any worthless matter separated from the better part; leavings; dregs; refuse.</def>

<blockquote>All world's glory is but <b>dross</b> unclean.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>At the devil's booth are all things sold,
Each ounce of <b>dross</b> coats its ounce of gold.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drossel</h1>
<Xpage=457>

<hw>Dros"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Drazel</er>.]</ety> <def>A slut; a hussy; a drazel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Warner.</i>

<h1>Drossless</h1>
<Xpage=457>

<hw>Dross"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from dross.</def>

<i>Stevens.</i>

<h1>Drossy</h1>
<Xpage=457>

<hw>Dross"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Drossier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Drossiest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>Of, pertaining to, resembling, dross; full of dross; impure; worthless.</def> " <i>Drossy</i> gold." <i>Dryden</i>. "<i>Drossy</i> rhymes." <i>Donne</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Dross"i*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Drotchel</h1>
<Xpage=457>

<hw>Drotch"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Drossel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Drough</h1>
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<hw>Drough</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Draw</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Drought</h1>
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<hw>Drought</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>droght</ets>, <ets>drougth</ets>, <ets>dru<?/<?/</ets>, AS. <ets>druga<?/</ets>, from <ets>drugian</ets> to dry. See <er>Dry</er>, and cf. <er>Drouth</er>, which shows the original final sound.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Dryness; want of rain or of water; especially, such dryness of the weather as affects the earth, and prevents the growth of plants; aridity.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>drought</b> of March hath pierced to the root.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In a <b>drought</b> the thirsty creatures cry.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Thirst; want of drink.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Scarcity; lack.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>drought</b> of Christian writers caused a dearth of all history.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Droughtiness</h1>
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<hw>Drought"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of dryness of the weather; want of rain.</def>

<h1>Droughty</h1>
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<hw>Drought"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Characterized by drought; wanting rain; arid; adust.</def>

<blockquote><b>Droughty</b> and parched countries.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dry; thirsty; wanting drink.</def>

<blockquote>Thy <b>droughty</b> throat.
<i>Philips.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Droumy</h1>
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<hw>Drou"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Scot. <ets>drum</ets>, <ets>dram</ets>, melancholy, Icel <ets>prumr</ets> a moper, W. <ets>trwm</ets> heavy, sad.]</ety> <def>Troubled; muddy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Drouth</h1>
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<hw>Drouth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Drought</er>.</def>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<blockquote>Another ill accident is <b>drouth</b> at the spindling of corn.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>One whose <b>drouth</b> [thirst],
Yet scarce allayed, still eyes the current stream.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In the dust and <b>drouth</b> of London life.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drouthy</h1>
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<hw>Drouth"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Droughty.</def>

<h1>Drove</h1>
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<hw>Drove</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Drive</er>.</def>

<h1>Drove</h1>
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<hw>Drove</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>dr\'bef</ets>, fr. <ets>dr\'c6fan</ets> to drive. See <er>Drive</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A collection of cattle driven, or cattle collected for driving; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep, or swine, driven in a body.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any collection of irrational animals, moving or driving forward; <as>as, a finny <ex>drove</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A crowd of people in motion.</def>

<blockquote>Where <b>droves</b>, as at a city gate, may pass.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A road for driving cattle; a driftway.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>A narrow drain or channel used in the irrigation of land.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A broad chisel used to bring stone to a nearly smooth surface; -- called also <altname>drove chisel</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The grooved surface of stone finished by the drove chisel; -- called also <altname>drove work</altname>.</def>

<h1>Droven</h1>
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<hw>Dro"ven</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Drive</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Drover</h1>
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<hw>Dro"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who drives cattle or sheep to market; one who makes it his business to purchase cattle, and drive them to market.</def>

<blockquote>Why, that's spoken like an honest <b>drover</b>; so they sell bullocks.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A boat driven by the tide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Drovy</h1>
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<hw>Dro"vy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>dr<?/f</ets> dirty; cf. D. <ets>droef</ets>, G. <ets>tr\'81be</ets>, Goth. <ets>dr<?/bjan</ets> to trouble.]</ety> <def>Turbid; muddy; filthy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Drow</h1>
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<hw>Drow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Draw</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Drown</h1>
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<hw>Drown</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Drowned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Drowning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>drunen</ets>, <ets>drounen</ets>, earlier <ets>drunknen</ets>, <ets>druncnien</ets>, AS. <ets>druncnian</ets> to be drowned, sink, become drunk, fr. <ets>druncen</ets> drunken. See <er>Drunken</er>, <er>Drink</er>.]</ety> <def>To be suffocated in water or other fluid; to perish in water.</def>

<blockquote>Methought, what pain it was to <b>drown</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drown</h1>
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<hw>Drown</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To overwhelm in water; to submerge; to inundate.</def> "They <i>drown</i> the land."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive of life by immersion in water or other liquid.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To overpower; to overcome; to extinguish; -- said especially of sound.</def>

<blockquote>Most men being in sensual pleasures <b>drowned</b>.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My private voice is <b>drowned</b> amid the senate.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To drown up</col>, <cd>to swallow up. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Drownage</h1>
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<hw>Drown"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of drowning.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Drowner</h1>
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<hw>Drown"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, drowns.</def>

<h1>Drowse</h1>
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<hw>Drowse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Drowsed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Drowsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>dr<?/sian</ets>, <ets>dr<?/san</ets>, to sink, become slow or inactive; cf. OD. <ets>droosen</ets> to be sleepy, fall asleep, LG. <ets>dr<?/sen</ets>, <ets>druusken</ets>, to slumber, fall down with a noise; prob, akin to AS. <ets>dre\'a2san</ets> to fall. See <er>Dreary</er>.]</ety> <def>To sleep imperfectly or unsoundly; to slumber; to be heavy with sleepiness; to doze.</def> "He <i>drowsed</i> upon his couch."

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>In the pool <b>drowsed</b> the cattle up to their knees.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drowse</h1>
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<hw>Drowse</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make heavy with sleepiness or imperfect sleep; to make dull or stupid.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Drowse</h1>
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<hw>Drowse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A slight or imperfect sleep; a doze.</def>

<blockquote>But smiled on in a <b>drowse</b> of ecstasy.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drowsihead</h1>
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<hw>Drow"si*head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Drowsiness.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Drowsihed</h1>
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<hw>Drow"si*hed</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Drowsihead.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Drowsily</h1>
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<hw>Drow"si*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a drowsy manner.</def>

<h1>Drowsiness</h1>
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<hw>Drow"si*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being drowsy.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Drowsy</h1>
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<hw>Drow"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Drowsier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Drowsiest</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclined to drowse; heavy with sleepiness; lethargic; dozy.</def> "When I am <i>drowsy</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Dapples the <b>drowsy</b> east with spots of gray.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To our age's <b>drowsy</b> blood
Still shouts the inspiring sea.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disposing to sleep; lulling; soporific.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>drowsy</b> hours, dispensers of all good.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Dull; stupid.</def> " <i>Drowsy</i> reasoning."

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Sleepy; lethargic; dozy; somnolent; comatose; dull heavy; stupid.</syn>

<h1>Drowth</h1>
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<hw>Drowth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Drought</er>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Droyle</h1>
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<hw>Droyle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Droil</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Drub</h1>
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<hw>Drub</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Drubbed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Drubbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E. <ets>drab</ets> to beat, Icel. & Sw. <ets>drabba</ets> to hit, beat, Dan. <ets>dr\'91be</ets> to slay, and perh. OE. <ets>drepen</ets> to strike, kill, AS. <ets>drepan</ets> to strike, G. & D. <ets>freffen</ets> to hit, touch, Icel. <ets>drepa</ets> to strike, kill.]</ety> <def>To beat with a stick; to thrash; to cudgel.</def>

<blockquote>Soundly <b>Drubbed</b> with a good honest cudgel.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drub</h1>
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<hw>Drub</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A blow with a cudgel; a thump.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Drubber</h1>
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<hw>Drub"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who drubs.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Drudge</h1>
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<hw>Drudge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Drudged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Drudging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>druggen</ets>; prob not akin to E. <ets>drag</ets>, v. t., but fr. Celtic; cf. Ir. <ets>drugaire</ets> a slave or drudge.]</ety> <def>To perform menial work; to labor in mean or unpleasant offices with toil and fatigue.</def>

<blockquote>He gradually rose in the estimation of the booksellers for whom he <b>drudged</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drudge</h1>
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<hw>Drudge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To consume laboriously; -- with <i>away</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Rise to our toils and <b>drudge</b> away the day.
<i>Otway.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drudge</h1>
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<hw>Drudge</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who drudges; one who works hard in servile employment; a mental servant.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Drudger</h1>
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<hw>Drudg"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who drudges; a drudge.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dredging box.</def>

<h1>Drudgery</h1>
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<hw>Drudg"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of drudging; disagreeable and wearisome labor; ignoble or slavish toil.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>drudgery</b> of penning definitions.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Paradise was a place of bliss . . . without <b>drudgery</b> and with out sorrow.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Toll</er>.</syn>

<h1>Drudging box</h1>
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<hw>Drudg"ing box`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Dredging box</er>.</def>

<h1>Drudgingly</h1>
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<hw>Drudg"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a drudging manner; laboriously.</def>

<h1>Druery</h1>
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<hw>Dru"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>druerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Courtship; gallantry; love; an object of love.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Drug</h1>
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<hw>Drug</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Drudge</er>.]</ety> <def>To drudge; to toil laboriously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>drugge</i> and draw."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Drug</h1>
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<hw>Drug</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A drudge (?).</def>

<i>Shak. (Timon iv. 3, 253).</i>

<h1>Drug</h1>
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<hw>Drug</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>drogue</ets>, prob. fr. D. <ets>droog</ets>; akin to E. <ets>dry</ets>; thus orig., dry substance, hers, plants, or wares. See <er>Dry</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any animal, vegetable, or mineral substance used in the composition of medicines; any stuff used in dyeing or in chemical operations.</def>

<blockquote>Whence merchants bring

<blockquote>Their spicy <b>drugs</b>.

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any commodity that lies on hand, or is not salable; an article of slow sale, or in no demand.</def> "But sermons are mere <i>drugs</i>."

<i>Fielding.</i>

<blockquote>And virtue shall a <b>drug</b> become.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drug</h1>
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<hw>Drug</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Drugged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Drugging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>droguer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To prescribe or administer drugs or medicines.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Drug</h1>
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<hw>Drug</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To affect or season with drugs or ingredients; esp., to stupefy by a narcotic drug. Also Fig.</def>

<blockquote>The laboring masses . . . [were] <b>drugged</b> into brutish good humor by a vast system of public spectacles.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Drug thy memories, lest thou learn it.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To tincture with something offensive or injurious.</def>

<blockquote><b>Drugged</b> as oft,
With hatefullest disrelish writhed their jaws.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To dose to excess with, or as with, drugs.</def>

<blockquote>With pleasure <b>drugged</b>, he almost longed for woe.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drugger</h1>
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<hw>Drug"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A druggist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Drugget</h1>
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<hw>Drug"get</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>droguet</ets>, prop. dim. of <ets>drogue</ets> trash, stuff, perh, the same word as <ets>drogue</ets> drug, but cf. also W. <ets>drwg</ets> evil, bad, Ir. & Gael. <ets>droch</ets>, Arm. <ets>droug</ets>, <ets>drouk</ets>. See 3d <er>Drug</er>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A coarse woolen cloth dyed of one color or printed on one side; generally used as a covering for carpets.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>By extension, any material used for the same purpose.</def>

<h1>Druggist</h1>
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<hw>Drug"gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>droguiste</ets>, fr. <ets>drogue</ets>. See 3d <er>Drug</er>.]</ety> <def>One who deals in drugs; especially, one who buys and sells drugs without compounding them; also, a pharmaceutist or apothecary.</def>

<note>&hand; The same person often carries on the business of the druggist and the apothecary. See the Note under <er>Apothecary</er>.</note>

<h1>Drugster</h1>
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<hw>Drug"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A druggist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boule.</i>

<h1>Druid</h1>
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<hw>Dru"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Druides</ets>; of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>draoi</ets>, <ets>druidh</ets>, magician, Druid, W. <ets>derwydd</ets> Druid.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One of an order of priests which in ancient times existed among certain branches of the Celtic race, especially among the Gauls and Britons.</def>

<note>&hand; The Druids superintended the affairs of religion and morality, and exercised judicial functions. They practiced divination and magic, and sacrificed human victims as a part of their worship. They consisted of three classes; the bards, the vates or prophets, and the Druids proper, or priests. Their most sacred rites were performed in the depths of oak forests or of caves.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of a social and benevolent order, founded in London in 1781, and professedly based on the traditions of the ancient Druids. Lodges or <i>groves</i> of the society are established in other countries.</def>

<cs><col>Druid stones</col>, <cd>a name given, in the south of England, to weatherworn, rough pillars of gray sandstone scattered over the chalk downs, but in other countries generally in the form of circles, or in detached pillars.</cd></cs>

<h1>Druidess</h1>
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<hw>Dru"id*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female Druid; a prophetess.</def>

<h1>Druidic, Druidical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dru*id"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dru*id"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the Druids.</def>

<cs><col>Druidical circles</col>. <cd>See under <er>Circle</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Druidish</h1>
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<hw>Dru"id*ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Druidic.</def>

<h1>Druidism</h1>
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<hw>Dru"id*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The system of religion, philosophy, and instruction, received and taught by the Druids; the rites and ceremonies of the Druids.</def>

<h1>Drum</h1>
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<hw>Drum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>trom</ets>, <ets>trommel</ets>, LG. <ets>trumme</ets>, G. <ets>trommel</ets>, Dan. <ets>tromme</ets>, Sw. <ets>trumma</ets>, OHG. <ets>trumba</ets> a trumpet, Icel. <ets>pruma</ets> a clap of thunder, and as a verb, to thunder, Dan. <ets>drum</ets> a booming sound, <ets>drumme</ets> to boom; prob. partly at least of imitative origin; perh. akin to E. <ets>trum</ets>, or <ets>trumpet</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An instrument of percussion, consisting either of a hollow cylinder, over each end of which is stretched a piece of skin or vellum, to be beaten with a stick; or of a metallic hemisphere (kettledrum) with a single piece of skin to be so beaten; the common instrument for marking time in martial music; one of the pair of <i>tympani</i> in an orchestra, or cavalry band.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>drums</b> cry bud-a-dub.
<i>Gascoigne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything resembling a drum in form</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A sheet iron radiator, often in the shape of a drum, for warming an apartment by means of heat received from a stovepipe, or a cylindrical receiver for steam, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small cylindrical box in which figs, etc., are packed.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The tympanum of the ear; -- often, but incorrectly, applied to the tympanic membrane</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One of the cylindrical, or nearly cylindrical, blocks, of which the shaft of a column is composed; also, a vertical wall, whether circular or polygonal in plan, carrying a cupola or dome</def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A cylinder on a revolving shaft, generally for the purpose of driving several pulleys, by means of belts or straps passing around its periphery; also, the barrel of a hoisting machine, on which the rope or chain is wound.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Drumfish</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A noisy, tumultuous assembly of fashionable people at a private house; a rout.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Not unaptly styled a <b>drum</b>, from the noise and emptiness of the entertainment.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; There were also <i>drum major</i>, <i>rout</i>, <i>tempest</i>, and <i>hurricane</i>, differing only in degrees of multitude and uproar, as the significant name of each declares.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A tea party; a kettledrum.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<cs><col>Bass drum</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Double drum</col>. <cd>See under <er>Double</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Drum</h1>
<Xpage=457>

<hw>Drum</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Drummed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Drumming</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat a drum with sticks; to beat or play a tune on a drum.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To beat with the fingers, as with drumsticks; to beat with a rapid succession of strokes; to make a noise like that of a beaten drum; <as>as, the ruffed grouse <ex>drums</ex> with his wings</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Drumming</b> with his fingers on the arm of his chair.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To throb, as the heart.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To go about, as a drummer does, to gather recruits, to draw or secure partisans, customers, etc,; -- with <i>for</i>.</def>

<h1>Drum</h1>
<Xpage=457>

<hw>Drum</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To execute on a drum, as a tune.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>(With <i>out</i>) To expel ignominiously, with beat of drum; <as>as, to <ex>drum</ex> out a deserter or rogue from a camp, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>(With <i>up</i>) To assemble by, or as by, beat of drum; to collect; to gather or draw by solicitation; <as>as, to <ex>drum</ex> up recruits; to <ex>drum</ex> up customers.</as></def>

<h1>Drumbeat</h1>
<Xpage=457>

<hw>Drum"beat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The sound of a beaten drum; drum music.</def>

<blockquote>Whose morning <b>drumbeat</b>, following the sun, and keeping company with the hours, circles the earth with one continuous and unbroken strain of the martial airs of England.
<i>D. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drumble</h1>
<Xpage=457>

<hw>Drum"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Drumly</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To be sluggish or lazy; to be confused.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mumble in speaking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Drumfish</h1>
<Xpage=457>

<hw>Drum"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>any fish of the family <i>Sci\'91nid\'91</i>, which makes a loud noise by means of its air bladder; -- called also <altname>drum</altname>.</def>

<hr>
<page="458">
Page 458<p>

<note>&hand; The common drumfish (<spn>Pogonias chromis</spn>) is a large species, common south of New Jersey. The southern red drum or red horse (<spn>Sci\'91na ocellata</spn>), and the fresh-water drum or croaker (<spn>Aplodionotus grunniens</spn>), are related species.</note>

<h1>Drumhead</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Drum"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The parchment or skin stretched over one end of a drum.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The top of a capstan which is pierced with sockets for levers used in turning it. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Capstan</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Drumhead court-martial</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a summary court-martial called to try offenses on the battlefield or the line of march, when, sometimes, a drumhead has to do service as a writing table.</cd></cs>

<h1>Drumlin</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Drum"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>druim</ets> the ridge of a hill.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A hill of compact, unstratified, glacial drift or till, usually elongate or oval, with the larger axis parallel to the former local glacial motion.</def>

<h1>Drumly</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Drum"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Droumy</er>.]</ety> <def>Turbid; muddy.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wodroephe (1623).  Burns.</i>

<h1>Drum major</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Drum" ma"jor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>.</def>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The chief or first drummer of a regiment; an instructor of drummers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The marching leader of a military band.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A noisy gathering. <mark>[R.]</mark> See under <er>Drum</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <p><b>4.</b></def>

<h1>Drummer</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Drum"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One whose office is to best the drum, as in military exercises and marching.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who solicits custom; a commercial traveler.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish that makes a sound when caught</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The squeteague</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A California sculpin.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large West Indian cockroach (<spn>Blatta gigantea</spn>) which drums on woodwork, as a sexual call.</def>

<h1>Drumming</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Drum"ming</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of beating upon, or as if upon, a drum; also, the noise which the male of the ruffed grouse makes in spring, by beating his wings upon his sides.</def>

<h1>Drummond light</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Drum"mond light`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From Thomas <ets>Drummond</ets>, a British naval officer.]</ety> <def>A very intense light, produced by turning two streams of gas, one oxygen and the other hydrogen, or coal gas, in a state of ignition, upon a ball of lime; or a stream of oxygen gas through a flame of alcohol upon a ball or disk of lime; -- called also <altname>oxycalcium light</altname>, or <altname>lime light</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also applied sometimes to a heliostat, invented by Drummond, for rendering visible a distant point, as in geodetic surveying, by reflecting upon it a beam of light from the sun.</note>

<h1>Drumstick</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Drum"stick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A stick with which a drum is beaten.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything resembling a drumstick in form, as the tibiotarsus, or second joint, of the leg of a fowl.</def>

<h1>Drunk</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Drunk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dronke</ets>, <ets>drunke</ets>, <ets>dronken</ets>, <ets>drunken</ets>, AS. <ets>druncen</ets>. Orig. the same as <ets>drunken</ets>, p. p. of <ets>drink</ets>. See <er>Drink</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Intoxicated with, or as with, strong drink; inebriated; drunken; -- never used <i>attributively</i>, but always <i>predicatively</i>; <as>as, the man is <ex>drunk</ex> (not, a <ex>drunk</ex> man)</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Be not <b>drunk</b> with wine, where in is excess.
<i> Eph. v. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Drunk</b> with recent prosperity.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Drenched or saturated with moisture or liquid.</def>

<blockquote>I will make mine arrows <b>drunk</b> with blood.
<i> Deut. xxxii. 42.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drunk</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Drunk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A drunken condition; a spree.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Drunkard</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Drunk"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Drunk</ets> + <ets>-ard</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who habitually drinks strong liquors immoderately; one whose habit it is to get drunk; a toper; a sot.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>drunkard</b> and glutton shall come to poverty.
<i> Prov. xxiii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drunken</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Drunk"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>druncen</ets>, prop., that has drunk, p. p. of <ets>drincan</ets>, taken as active. See <er>Drink</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and cf. <er>Drunk</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Overcome by strong drink; intoxicated by, or as by, spirituous liquor; inebriated.</def>

<blockquote><b>Drunken</b> men imagine everything turneth round.
<i> Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Saturated with liquid or moisture; drenched.</def>

<blockquote>Let the earth be <b>drunken</b> with our blood.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or proceeding from, intoxication.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>drunken</b> quarrels of a rake.
<i> Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drunkenhead</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Drunk"en*head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Drunkenness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Drunkenly</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Drunk"en*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a drunken manner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Drunkenness</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Drunk"en*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being drunken with, or as with, alcoholic liquor; intoxication; inebriety; -- used of the casual state or the habit.</def>

<blockquote>The Lacedemonians trained up their children to hate <b>drunkenness</b> by bringing a drunken man into their company.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disorder of the faculties, resembling intoxication by liquors; inflammation; frenzy; rage.</def>

<blockquote>Passion is the <b>drunkenness</b> of the mind.
<i> South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Intoxication; inebriation; inebriety. -- <er>Drunkenness</er>, <er>Intoxication</er>, <er>Inebriation</er>. <i>Drunkenness</i> refers more to the habit; <i>intoxication</i> and <i>inebriation</i>, to specific acts. The first two words are extensively used in a figurative sense; a person is <i>intoxicated</i> with success, and is <i>drunk</i> with joy. "This plan of empire was not taken up in the first <i>intoxication</i> of unexpected success."</syn>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Drunkenship, Drunkship</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw><hw>Drunk"en*ship</hw>, <hw>Drunk"ship</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being drunk; drunkenness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Drupaceous</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Dru*pa"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>drupac\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing, or pertaining to, drupes; having the form of drupes; <as>as, <ex>drupaceous</ex> trees or fruits</as>.</def>

<h1>Drupal</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Drup"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Drupaceous.</def>

<h1>Drupe</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Drupe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>drupe</ets>, L. <ets>drupa</ets> an overripe, wrinkled olive, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fruit consisting of pulpy, coriaceous, or fibrous exocarp, without valves, containing a nut or stone with a kernel. The exocarp is succulent in the plum, cherry, apricot, peach, etc.; dry and subcoriaceous in the almond; and fibrous in the cocoanut.</def>

<h1>Drupel, Drupelet</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw><hw>Drup"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Drupe"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <er>Drupe</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small drupe, as one of the pulpy grains of the blackberry.</def>

<h1>Druse</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Druse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>druse</ets> bonny, crystallized piece of ore, Bohem. <ets>druza</ets>. Cf. <er>Dross</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A cavity in a rock, having its interior surface studded with crystals and sometimes filled with water; a geode.</def>

<h1>Druse</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Druse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a people and religious sect dwelling chiefly in the Lebanon mountains of Syria.</def>

<blockquote>The Druses separated from the Mohammedan Arabs in the 9th century. Their characteristic dogma is the unity of God.
<i> Am. Cyc.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Drusy, Drused</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw><hw>Dru"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Drused</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Covered with a large number of minute crystals.</def>

<h1>Druxey, Druxy</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw><hw>Drux"ey</hw>, <hw>Drux"y</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Having decayed spots or streaks of a whitish color; -- said of timber.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Dry</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Dry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Drier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Driest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>dru<?/e</ets>, <ets>druye</ets>, <ets>drie</ets>, AS. <ets>dryge</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>dr\'94ge</ets>, D. <ets>droog</ets>, OHG. <ets>trucchan</ets>, G. <ets>trocken</ets>, Icel. <ets>draugr</ets> a dry log. Cf. <er>Drought</er>, <er>Drouth</er>, 3d <er>Drug</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Free from moisture; having little humidity or none; arid; not wet or moist; deficient in the natural or normal supply of moisture, as rain or fluid of any kind; -- said especially: <sd>(a)</sd> Of the weather: Free from rain or mist.</def>

<blockquote>The weather, we agreed, was too <b>dry</b> for the season.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of vegetable matter: Free from juices or sap; not succulent; not green; as, <i>dry</i> wood or hay</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Of animals: Not giving milk; as, the cow is <i>dry</i></def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Of persons: Thirsty; needing drink</def>.

<blockquote>Give the <b>dry</b> fool drink.
<i> Shak</i></blockquote>

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>Of the eyes: Not shedding tears</def>.

<blockquote>Not a <b>dry</b> eye was to be seen in the assembly.
<i> Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of certain morbid conditions, in which there is entire or comparative absence of moisture; as, <i>dry</i> gangrene; <i>dry</i> catarrh</def>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destitute of that which interests or amuses; barren; unembellished; jejune; plain.</def>

<blockquote>These epistles will become less <b>dry</b>, more susceptible of ornament.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Characterized by a quality somewhat severe, grave, or hard; hence, sharp; keen; shrewd; quaint; <as>as, a <ex>dry</ex> tone or manner; <ex>dry</ex> wit.</as></def>

<blockquote>He was rather a <b>dry</b>, shrewd kind of body.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Exhibiting a sharp, frigid preciseness of execution, or the want of a delicate contour in form, and of easy transition in coloring.</def>

<cs><col>Dry area</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a small open space reserved outside the foundation of a building to guard it from damp.</cd> -- <col>Dry blow</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>A blow which inflicts no wound, and causes no effusion of blood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A quick, sharp blow.</cd> -- <col>Dry bone</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>Smithsonite, or carbonate of zinc; -- a miner's term.</cd> -- <col>Dry castor</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>a kind of beaver; -- called also <altname>parchment beaver</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Dry cupping</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Cupping</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dry dock</col>. <cd>See under <er>Dock</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dry fat</col>. <cd>See <cref>Dry vat</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Dry light</col>, <cd>pure unobstructed light; hence, a clear, impartial view.</cd> <i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>The scientific man must keep his feelings under stern control, lest they obtrude into his researches, and color the <b>dry light</b> in which alone science desires to see its objects.
<i> J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Dry masonry</col>. <cd>See <er>Masonry</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dry measure</col>, <cd>a system of measures of volume for dry or coarse articles, by the bushel, peck, etc.</cd> -- <col>Dry pile</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>a form of the Voltaic pile, constructed without the use of a liquid, affording a feeble current, and chiefly useful in the construction of electroscopes of great delicacy; -- called also <altname>Zamboni's </altname>, from the names of the two earliest constructors of it.</cd> -- <col>Dry pipe</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>a pipe which conducts dry steam from a boiler.</cd> -- <col>Dry plate</col> <fld>(Photog.)</fld>, <cd>a glass plate having a dry coating sensitive to light, upon which photographic negatives or pictures can be made, without moistening.</cd> -- <col>Dry-plate process</col>, <cd>the process of photographing with dry plates.</cd> -- <col>Dry point</col>. <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An engraving made with the needle instead of the burin, in which the work is done nearly as in etching, but is finished without the use acid</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A print from such an engraving, usually upon paper.</d> <sd>(c)</sd> Hence: <cd>The needle with which such an engraving is made.</cd> -- <col>Dry rent</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a rent reserved by deed, without a clause of distress.</cd> <i>Bouvier</i>. -- <col>Dry rot</col>, <cd>a decay of timber, reducing its fibers to the condition of a dry powdery dust, often accompanied by the presence of a peculiar fungus (<spn>Merulius lacrymans</spn>), which is sometimes considered the cause of the decay; but it is more probable that the real cause is the decomposition of the wood itself. <i>D. C. Eaton</i>. Called also <altname>sap rot</altname>, and, in the United States, <altname>powder post</altname>. <i>Hebert</i>.</cd> -- <col>Dry stove</col>, <cd>a hothouse adapted to preserving the plants of arid climates.</cd> <i>Brande & C.</i> -- <col>Dry vat</col>, <cd>a vat, basket, or other receptacle for dry articles.</cd> -- <col>Dry wine</col>, <cd>that in which the saccharine matter and fermentation were so exactly balanced, that they have wholly neutralized each other, and no sweetness is perceptible; -- opposed to <contr>sweet wine</contr>, in which the saccharine matter is in excess.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dry</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Dry</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dried</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Drying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>drygan</ets>; cf. <ets>drugian</ets> to grow dry. See <er>Dry</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To make dry; to free from water, or from moisture of any kind, and by any means; to exsiccate; <as>as, to <ex>dry</ex> the eyes; to <ex>dry</ex> one's tears; the wind <ex>dries</ex> the earth; to <ex>dry</ex> a wet cloth; to <ex>dry</ex> hay.</as></def>

<cs><col>To dry up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To scorch or parch with thirst; to deprive utterly of water; to consume.</cd>

<blockquote>Their honorable men are famished, and their multitude <b>dried up</b> with thirst.
<i> Is. v. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The water of the sea, which formerly covered it, was in time exhaled and <b>dried up</b> by the sun.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To make to cease, as a stream of talk.</cd>

<blockquote>Their sources of revenue were <b>dried up</b>.
<i> Jowett (Thucyd. )</i></blockquote>

-- <mcol><col>To dry, &or; dry up</col>, <col>a cow</col></mcol>, <cd>to cause a cow to cease secreting milk.</cd>

<i>Tylor.</i></cs>

<h1>Dry</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Dry</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To grow dry; to become free from wetness, moisture, or juice; <as>as, the road <ex>dries</ex> rapidly</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To evaporate wholly; to be exhaled; -- said of moisture, or a liquid; -- sometimes with <i>up</i>; <as>as, the stream <ex>dries</ex>, or <ex>dries</ex> up</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To shrivel or wither; to lose vitality.</def>

<blockquote>And his hand, which he put forth against him, <b>dried</b> up, so that he could not pull it in again to him.
<i>I Kings xiii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dryad</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Dry"ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dryas</ets>, pl. <ets>dryades</ets>, Gr. <?/, pl. <?/, fr. <?/ oak, tree. See <er>Tree</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A wood nymph; a nymph whose life was bound up with that of her tree.</def>

<h1>Dryandra</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Dry*an"dra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Named after <ets>J</ets>. <ets>Dryander</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of shrubs growing in Australia, having beautiful, hard, dry, evergreen leaves.</def>

<h1>Dryas</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Dry"as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dryades</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Dryad</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A dryad.</def>

<h1>Dry-beat</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Dry"-beat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To beat severely.</def>

<i> Shak.</i>

<h1>Dry-boned</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Dry"-boned`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having dry bones, or bones without flesh.</def>

<h1>Dry dock</h1>
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<hw>Dry" dock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Dock</er>.</def>

<h1>Dryer</h1>
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<hw>Dry"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Drier</er>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Dry-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Dry"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not having tears in the eyes.</def>

<h1>Dry-fisted</h1>
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<hw>Dry"-fist`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Niggardly.</def>

<h1>Dryfoot</h1>
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<hw>Dry"foot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The scent of the game, as far as it can be traced.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dry goods</h1>
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<hw>Dry" goods`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A commercial name for textile fabrics, cottons, woolens, linen, silks, laces, etc., -- in distinction from <i>groceries</i>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Drying</h1>
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<hw>Dry"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Adapted or tending to exhaust moisture; <as>as, a <ex>drying</ex> wind or day; a <ex>drying</ex> room.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the quality of rapidly becoming dry.</def>

<cs><col>Drying oil</col>, <cd>an oil which, either naturally or after boiling with oxide of lead, absorbs oxygen from the air and dries up rapidly. <i>Drying oils<i> are used as the bases of many paints and varnishes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dryly</h1>
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<hw>Dry"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dry manner; not succulently; without interest; without sympathy; coldly.</def>

<h1>Dryness</h1>
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<hw>Dry"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being dry. See <er>Dry</er>.</def>

<h1>Dry nurse</h1>
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<hw>Dry" nurse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A nurse who attends and feeds a child by hand; -- in distinction from a <i>wet nurse</i>, who suckles it.</def>

<h1>Drynurse</h1>
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<hw>Dry"nurse`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To feed, attend, and bring up without the breast.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Dryobalanops</h1>
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<hw>Dry`o*bal"a*nops</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ oak + <?/ acorn + <?/ appearance. The fruit remotely resembles an acorn in its cup.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The genus to which belongs the single species <i>D</i>. <i>Camphora</i>, a lofty resinous tree of Borneo and Sumatra, yielding Borneo camphor and camphor oil.</def>

<h1>Dry-rub</h1>
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<hw>Dry"-rub`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dry-rubbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dry-rubbing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To rub and cleanse without wetting.</def>

<i>Dodsley.</i>

<h1>Drysalter</h1>
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<hw>Dry"salt`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dealer in salted or dried meats, pickles, sauces, etc., and in the materials used in pickling, salting, and preserving various kinds of food Hence drysalters usually sell a number of saline substances and miscellaneous drugs.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Drysaltery</h1>
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<hw>Dry"salt`er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The articles kept by a drysalter; also, the business of a drysalter.</def>

<h1>Dry-shod</h1>
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<hw>Dry"-shod`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without wetting the feet.</def>

<h1>Dry-stone</h1>
<Xpage=458>

<hw>Dry"-stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Constructed of uncemented stone.</def> "<i>Dry-stone</i> walls."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Dryth, &or; Drith</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dryth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Drith</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Drought.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tyndale.</i>

<h1>Duad</h1>
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<hw>Du"ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dyad</er>.]</ety> <def>A union of two; duality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Harris.</i>

<h1>Dual</h1>
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<hw>Du"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dualis</ets>, fr. <ets>duo</ets> two. See <er>Two</er>.]</ety> <def>Expressing, or consisting of, the number two; belonging to two; <as>as, the <ex>dual</ex> number of nouns, etc.</as> , in Greek.</def>

<blockquote>Here you have one half of our <b>dual</b> truth.
<i>Tyndall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dualin</h1>
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<hw>Du"a*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An explosive substance consisting essentially of sawdust or wood pulp, saturated with nitroglycerin and other similar nitro compounds. It is inferior to dynamite, and is more liable to explosion.</def>

<h1>Dualism</h1>
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<hw>Du"al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dualisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>State of being dual or twofold; a twofold division; any system which is founded on a double principle, or a twofold distinction</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>A view of man as constituted of two original and independent elements, as matter and spirit</def>. <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A system which accepts two gods, or two original principles, one good and the other evil</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The doctrine that all mankind are divided by the arbitrary decree of God, and in his eternal foreknowledge, into two classes, the elect and the reprobate</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The theory that each cerebral hemisphere acts independently of the other.</def>

<blockquote>An inevitable <b>dualism</b> bisects nature, so that each thing is a half, and suggests another thing to make it whole.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dualist</h1>
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<hw>Du"al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dualiste</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who believes in dualism; a ditheist.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who administers two offices.</def>

<i> Fuller.</i>

<h1>Dualistic</h1>
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<hw>Du`al*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of two; pertaining to dualism or duality.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Dualistic</col> <col>system &or; theory</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the theory, originated by Lavoisier and developed by Berzelius, that all definite compounds are binary in their nature, and consist of two distinct constituents, themselves simple or complex, and possessed of opposite chemical or electrical affinities.</cd></cs>

<h1>Duality</h1>
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<hw>Du"al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dualitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dualit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or condition of being two or twofold; dual character or usage.</def>

<h1>Duan</h1>
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<hw>Du"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. & Ir.]</ety> <def>A division of a poem corresponding to a canto; a poem or song.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Duarchy</h1>
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<hw>Du"ar*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ two + <ets>-archy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Government by two persons.</def>

<h1>Dub</h1>
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<hw>Dub</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dubbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dubbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>dubban</ets> to strike, beat ("<ets>dubbade</ets> his sunu . . . to r\'c6dere." <ets>AS</ets>. <ets>Chron</ets>. an 1086); akin to Icel. <ets>dubba</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>adouber</ets> (prob. fr. Icel.) a chevalier, Icel. <ets>dubba</ets> til riddara.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To confer knight.</def>

<note>&hand; The conclusion of the ceremony was marked by a tap on the shoulder with the sword.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To invest with any dignity or new character; to entitle; to call.</def>

<blockquote>A man of wealth is <b>dubbed</b> a man of worth.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To clothe or invest; to ornament; to adorn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His diadem was dropped down
<b>Dubbed</b> with stones.
<i>Morte d'Arthure.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab; as: <sd>(a)</sd> To dress with an adz; <as>as, to <ex>dub</ex> a stick of timber smooth</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="459">
Page 459<p>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To strike cloth with teasels to raise a nap</def>. <i>Halliwell</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>To rub or dress with grease, as leather in the process of cyrrying it</def>. <i>Tomlinson</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>To prepare for fighting, as a gamecock, by trimming the hackles and cutting off the comb and wattles</def>.

<cs><col>To dub a fly</col>, <cd>to dress a fishing fly. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <i>Halliwell</i>.</cd> -- <col>To dub out</col> <fld>(Plastering)</fld>, <cd>to fill out, as an uneven surface, to a plane, or to carry out a series of small projections.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dub</h1>
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<hw>Dub</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a noise by brisk drumbeats.</def> "Now the drum <i>dubs</i>."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Dub</h1>
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<hw>Dub</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A blow.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Dub</h1>
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<hw>Dub</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Ir. <ets>d\'a2b</ets> mire, stream, W. <ets>dwvr</ets> water.]</ety> <def>A pool or puddle.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Dubb</h1>
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<hw>Dubb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Syrian bear. See under <er>Bear</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dhubb</asp>, and <asp>dub</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Dubber</h1>
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<hw>Dub"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, dubs.</def>

<h1>Dubber</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Dub"ber</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>dabbah</ets>.]</ety> <def>A globular vessel or bottle of leather, used in India to hold ghee, oil, etc.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>dupper</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>M'Culloch.</i>

<h1>Dubbing</h1>
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<hw>Dub"bing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of dubbing, as a knight, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of rubbing, smoothing, or dressing; a dressing off smooth with an adz.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A dressing of flour and water used by weavers; a mixture of oil and tallow for dressing leather; daubing.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The body substance of an angler's fly.</def>

<i>Davy.</i>

<h1>Dubiety</h1>
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<hw>Du*bi"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dubieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>dubietas</ets>, fr. <ets>dubius</ets>. See <er>Dubious</er>.]</ety> <def>Doubtfulness; uncertainty; doubt.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Lamb</i>. "The <i>dubiety</i> of his fate."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Dubiosity</h1>
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<hw>Du`bi*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dubiosities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>dubiosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being doubtful; a doubtful statement or thing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Men often swallow falsities for truths, <b>dubiosities</b> for certainties, possibilities for feasibilities.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dubious</h1>
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<hw>Du"bi*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dubius</ets>, <ets>dubiosus</ets>, fr. <ets>duo</ets> two. See <er>Two</er>, and cf. <er>Doubt</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Doubtful or not settled in opinion; being in doubt; wavering or fluctuating; undetermined.</def> "<i>Dubious</i> policy."

<i>Sir T. Scott.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>dubious</b>, agitated state of mind.

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Occasioning doubt; not clear, or obvious; equivocal; questionable; doubtful; <as>as, a <ex>dubious</ex> answer</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Wiping the dingy shirt with a still more <b>dubious</b> pocket handkerchief.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of uncertain event or issue; <as>as, in <ex>dubious</ex> battle</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Doubtful; doubting; unsettled; undetermined; equivocal; uncertain. Cf. <er>Doubtful</er>.</syn>

<h1>Dubiously</h1>
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<hw>Du"bi*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dubious manner.</def>

<h1>Dubiousness</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Du"bi*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being dubious.</def>

<h1>Dubitable</h1>
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<hw>Du"bi*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dubitabilis</ets>. Cf. <er>Doubtable</er>.]</ety> <def>Liable to be doubted; uncertain.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Dr. H. More</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Du"bi*ta*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Dubitancy</h1>
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<hw>Du"bi*tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>dubitantia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Doubt; uncertainty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Dubitate</h1>
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<hw>Du"bi*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dubitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dubitare</ets>. See <er>Doubt</er>.]</ety> <def>To doubt.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>If he . . . were to loiter <b>dubitating</b>, and not come.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dubitation</h1>
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<hw>Du`bi*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dubitatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of doubting; doubt.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Scott.</i>

<h1>Dubitative</h1>
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<hw>Du"bi*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dubitativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dubitatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to doubt; doubtful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Du"bi*ta*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Duboisia</h1>
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<hw>Du*bois"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Duboisine</er>.</def>

<h1>Duboisine</h1>
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<hw>Du*bois"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid obtained from the leaves of an Australian tree (<spn>Duboisia myoporoides</spn>), and regarded as identical with hyoscyamine. It produces dilation of the pupil of the eye.</def>

<h1>Ducal</h1>
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<hw>Du"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ducal</ets>. See <er>Duke</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a duke.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>ducal</b> cap was to be exchanged for a kingly crown.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ducally</h1>
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<hw>Du"cal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a duke, or in a manner becoming the rank of a duke.</def>

<h1>Ducat</h1>
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<hw>Duc"at</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ducat</ets>, It. <ets>ducato</ets>, LL. <ets>ducatus</ets>, fr. <ets>dux</ets> leader or commander. See <er>Duke</er>.]</ety> <def>A coin, either of gold or silver, of several countries in Europe; originally, one struck in the dominions of a duke.</def>

<note>&hand; The gold ducat is generally of the value of nine shillings and four pence sterling, or somewhat more that two dollars. The silver ducat is of about half this value.</note>

<h1>Ducatoon</h1>
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<hw>Duc`a*toon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. or Sp. <ets>ducaton</ets>, fr. <ets>ducat</ets>.]</ety> <def>A silver coin of several countries of Europe, and of different values.</def>

<h1>Duces tecum</h1>
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<hw>Du"ces te"cum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., bring with thee.]</ety> <def>A judicial process commanding a person to appear in court and bring with him some piece of evidence or other thing to be produced to the court.</def>

<h1>Duchess</h1>
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<hw>Duch"ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>duchesse</ets>, fr. <ets>duc</ets> duke.]</ety> <def>The wife or widow of a duke; also, a lady who has the sovereignty of a duchy in her own right.</def>

<h1>Duchesse d'Angoul\'88me</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Du`chesse" d'An`gou`l\'88me"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A variety of pear of large size and excellent flavor.</def>

<h1>Duchy</h1>
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<hw>Duch"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Duchies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>duch\'82</ets>, OF. <ets>duch\'82e</ets>, (assumed) LL. <ets>ducitas</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dux</ets>. See <er>Duke</er>.]</ety> <def>The territory or dominions of a duke; a dukedom.</def>

<h1>Duck</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>dukke</ets>, Sw. <ets>docka</ets>, OHG. <ets>doccha</ets>, G. <ets>docke</ets>. Cf. <er>Doxy</er>.]</ety> <def>A pet; a darling.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Duck</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duck</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>doek</ets> cloth, canvas, or Icel. <ets>d<?/kr</ets> cloth; akin to OHG. <ets>tuoh</ets>, G. <ets>tuch</ets>, Sw. <ets>duk</ets>, Dan. <ets>dug</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A linen (or sometimes cotton) fabric, finer and lighter than canvas, -- used for the lighter sails of vessels, the sacking of beds, and sometimes for men's clothing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The light clothes worn by sailors in hot climates.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Duck</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duck</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ducked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ducking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>duken</ets>, <ets>douken</ets>, to dive; akin to D. <ets>duiken</ets>, OHG. <ets>t<?/hhan</ets>, MHG. <ets>tucken</ets>, <ets>t\'81cken</ets>, <ets>t<?/chen</ets>, G. <ets>tuchen</ets>. Cf. 5th <er>Duck</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To thrust or plunge under water or other liquid and suddenly withdraw.</def>

<blockquote>Adams, after <b>ducking</b> the squire twice or thrice, leaped out of the tub.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To plunge the head of under water, immediately withdrawing it; <as>as, <ex>duck</ex> the boy</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bow; to bob down; to move quickly with a downward motion. " Will <i>duck</i> his head aside.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Duck</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go under the surface of water and immediately reappear; to dive; to plunge the head in water or other liquid; to dip.</def>

<blockquote>In Tiber <b>ducking</b> thrice by break of day.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To drop the head or person suddenly; to bow.</def>

<blockquote>The learned pate
<b>Ducks</b> to the golden fool.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Duck</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duck</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>duke</ets>, <ets>doke</ets>. See <er>Duck</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the subfamily <spn>Anatin\'91</spn>, family <spn>Anatid\'91</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; The genera and species are numerous. They are divided into <i>river ducks</i> and <i>sea ducks</i>. Among the former are the common domestic duck (<spn>Anas boschas</spn>); the wood duck (<spn>Aix sponsa</spn>); the beautiful mandarin duck of China (<spn>Dendronessa galeriliculata</spn>); the Muscovy duck, originally of South America (<spn>Cairina moschata</spn>). Among the sea ducks are the eider, canvasback, scoter, etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sudden inclination of the bead or dropping of the person, resembling the motion of a duck in water.</def>

<blockquote>Here be, without <b>duck</b> or nod,
Other trippings to be trod.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bombay duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fish. See <er>Bummalo</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Buffel duck</col>, &or; <col>Spirit duck</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Buffel duck</er>.</cd> -- <col>Duck ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of white ant in Jamaica which builds large nests in trees.</cd> -- <col>Duck barnacle</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Goose barnacle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Duck hawk</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In the United States: The peregrine falcon.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In England: The marsh harrier or moor buzzard.</cd> -- <col>Duck mole</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small aquatic mammal of Australia, having webbed feet and a bill resembling that of a duck (<spn>Ornithorhynchus anatinus</spn>). It belongs the subclass Monotremata and is remarkable for laying eggs like a bird or reptile; -- called also <altname>duckbill</altname>, <altname>platypus</altname>, <altname>mallangong</altname>, <altname>mullingong</altname>, <altname>tambreet</altname>, and <altname>water mole</altname>.</cd> -- <col>To make ducks and drakes</col>, <cd>to throw a flat stone obliquely, so as to make it rebound repeatedly from the surface of the water, raising a succession of jets<-- = skipping stones  --></cd>; hence: <col>To play at ducks and drakes</col>, with property, <cd>to throw it away heedlessly or squander it foolishly and unprofitably.</cd> -- <col>Lame duck</col>. <cd>See under <er>Lame</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Duckbill</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duck"bill`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Duck mole</cref>, under <er>Duck</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Duck-billed</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duck"-billed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a bill like that of a duck</def>.<-- duckbilled platypus, see Duck Mole, above  -->.

<h1>Ducker</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duck"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, ducks; a plunger; a diver.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cringing, servile person; a fawner.</def>

<h1>Ducking</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duck"ing</hw>, <tt>n. & a.</tt><def>, from <er>Duck</er>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Ducking stool</col>, <cd>a stool or chair in which common scolds were formerly tied, and plunged into water, as a punishment. See <er>Cucking stool</er>. The practice of ducking began in the latter part of the 15th century, and prevailed until the early part of the 18th, and occasionally as late as the 19th century. <i>Blackstone. Chambers</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Duck-legged</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duck"-legged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having short legs, like a waddling duck; short-legged.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Duckling</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duck"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A young or little duck.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Duckmeat, &or; Duck's-meat</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw><hw>Duck"meat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Duck's"-meat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Duckweed.</def>

<h1>Duck's-bill</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duck's"-bill`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the form of a duck's bill.</def>

<cs><col>Duck's-bill limpet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a limpet of the genus <spn>Parmaphorus</spn>; -- so named from its shape.</cd></cs>

<h1>Duck's-foot</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duck's"-foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The May apple (<spn>Podophyllum peltatum</spn>).</def>

<h1>Duckweed</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duck"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus (<spn>Lemna</spn>) of small plants, seen floating in great quantity on the surface of stagnant pools fresh water, and supposed to furnish food for ducks; -- called also <altname>duckmeat</altname>.</def>

<h1>Duct</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duct</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ductus</ets> a leading, conducting, conduit, fr. <ets>ducere</ets>, <ets>ductum</ets>, to lead. See <er>Duke</er>, and cf. <er>Douche</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any tube or canal by which a fluid or other substance is conducted or conveyed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the vessels of an animal body by which the products of glandular secretion are conveyed to their destination.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large, elongated cell, either round or prismatic, usually found associated with woody fiber.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Ducts</i> are classified, according to the character of the surface of their walls, or their structure, as annular, spiral, scalariform, etc.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Guidance; direction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Ductible</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duc"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being drawn out</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Ductile</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duc"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ductilis</ets>, fr. <ets>ducere</ets> to lead: cf. F. <ets>ductile</ets>. See <er>Duct</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Easily led; tractable; complying; yielding to motives, persuasion, or instruction; <as>as, a <ex>ductile</ex> people</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>Forms their <b>ductile</b> minds
To human virtues.
<i>Philips.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being elongated or drawn out, as into wire or threads.</def>

<blockquote>Gold . . . is the softest and most <b>ductile</b> of all metals.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Duc"tile*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Duc"tile*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ductilimeter</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duc`ti*lim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ductile</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for accurately determining the ductility of metals.</def>

<h1>Ductility</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duc*til"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ductilit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The property of a metal which allows it to be drawn into wires or filaments.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tractableness; pliableness.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Duction</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ductio</ets>, fr. <ets>ducere</ets> to lead.]</ety> <def>Guidance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Ductless</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duct"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having to duct or outlet; <as>as, a <ex>ductless</ex> gland</as>.</def>

<h1>Ductor</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duc"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>ducere</ets> to lead.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who leads.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A contrivance for removing superfluous ink or coloring matter from a roller. See <er>Doctor</er>, <er>4</er>.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<cs><col>Ductor roller</col> <fld>(Printing)</fld>, <cd>the roller which conveys or supplies ink to another roller.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Ducture</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duc"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Guidance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Dudder</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Dud"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[In Suffolk, Eng., to shiver, shake, tremble; also written <ets>dodder</ets>.]</ety> <def>To confuse or confound with noise.</def>

<i>Jennings.</i>

<h1>Dudder</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Dud"der</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To shiver or tremble; to dodder.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>dudder</b> and shake like an aspen leaf.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dudder</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Dud"der</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Duds</er>.]</ety> <def>A peddler or hawker, especially of cheap and flashy goods pretended to be smuggled; a duffer.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Duddery</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Dud"der*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place where rags are bought and kept for sale.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Dude</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Dude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of dandy; especially, one characterized by an ultrafashionable style of dress and other affectations.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<blockquote>The social <b>dude</b> who affects English dress and English drawl.
<i>The American.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dudeen</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Du*deen"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A short tobacco pipe.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dudheen</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Irish]</mark>

<h1>Dudgeon</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Dudg"eon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The root of the box tree, of which hafts for daggers were made.</def>

<i>Gerarde (1597).</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The haft of a dagger.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A dudgeon-hafted dagger; a dagger.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Dudgeon</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Dudg"eon</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>dygen</ets> anger, grudge.]</ety> <def>Resentment; ill will; anger; displeasure.</def>

<blockquote>I drink it to thee in <b>dudgeon</b> and hostility.

<blockquote><b>Sir T</b>. <b>Scott</b>.

<h1>Dudgeon</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Dudg"eon</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Homely; rude; coarse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>By my troth, though I am plain and <b>dudgeon</b>,
I would not be an ass.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dudish</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Dud"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like, or characterized of, a dude.</def>

<h1>Duds</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Duds</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>dud</ets> rag, pl. <ets>duds</ets> clothing of inferior quality.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Old or inferior clothes; tattered garments.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Effects, in general.</def><mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Due</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Due</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>deu</ets>, F. <ets>d\'96</ets>, p. p. of <ets>devoir</ets> to owe, fr. L. <ets>debere</ets>. See <er>Debt</er>, <er>Habit</er>, and cf. <er>Duty</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Owed, as a debt; that ought to be paid or done to or for another; payable; owing and demandable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Justly claimed as a right or property; proper; suitable; becoming; appropriate; fit.</def>

<blockquote>Her obedience, which is <b>due</b> to me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With dirges <b>due</b>, in sad array,
Slow through the churchway path we saw him borne.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Such as (a thing) ought to be; fulfilling obligation; proper; lawful; regular; appointed; sufficient; exact; <as>as, <ex>due</ex> process of law; <ex>due</ex> service; in <ex>due</ex> time.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Appointed or required to arrive at a given time; <as>as, the steamer was <ex>due</ex> yesterday</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Owing; ascribable, as to a cause.</def>

<blockquote>This effect is <b>due</b> to the attraction of the sun.
<i>J. D. Forbes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Due</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Due</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Directly; exactly; <as>as, a <ex>due</ex> east course</as>.</def>

<h1>Due</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Due</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is owed; debt; that which one contracts to pay, or do, to or for another; that which belongs or may be claimed as a right; whatever custom, law, or morality requires to be done; a fee; a toll.</def>

<blockquote>He will give the devil his <b>due</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Yearly little <b>dues</b> of wheat, and wine, and oil.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Right; just title or claim.</def>

<blockquote>The key of this infernal pit by <b>due</b> . . . <b>I keep</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Due</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Due</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To endue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Duebill</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Due"bill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A brief written acknowledgment of a debt, not made payable to order, like a promissory note.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Dueful</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Due"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fit; becoming.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Duel</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Du"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>duello</ets>, fr. L. <ets>duellum</ets>, orig., a contest between two, which passed into the common form <ets>bellum</ets> war, fr. <ets>duo</ets> two: cf. F. <ets>duel</ets>. See <er>Bellicose</er>, <er>Two</er>, and cf. <er>Duello</er>.]</ety> <def>A combat between two persons, fought with deadly weapons, by agreement. It usually arises from an injury done or an affront given by one to the other.</def>

<cs><col>Trial by duel</col> <fld>(Old Law)</fld>, <cd>a combat between two persons for proving a cause; trial by battel.</cd></cs>
<-- NOte: this is the correct spelling of "battel"! -->

<h1>Duel</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Du"el</hw>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To fight in single combat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dueler</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Du"el*er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who engages in a duel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dueller</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Dueling</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Du"el*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>e act or practice of fighting in single combat. Also <tt>adj.</tt></def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>duelling</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Duelist</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Du"el*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>duelliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who fights in single combat.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>duellist</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>A <b>duelist</b> . . . always values himself upon his courage, his sense of honor, his fidelity and friendship.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Duelo</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Du*e"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Duel</er>.]</ety> <def>A duel; also, the rules of dueling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Due\'a4a</h1>
<Xpage=459>

<hw>Du*e"\'a4a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>See <er>Do\'a4a</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="460">
Page 460<p>

<h1>Dueness</h1>
<Xpage=460>

<hw>Due"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being due; debt; what is due or becoming.</def>

<i>T. Goodwin.</i>

<h1>Duenna</h1>
<Xpage=460>

<hw>Du*en"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Duennas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp. <ets>due\'a4a</ets>, <ets>do\'a4a</ets>, fr. L. <ets>domina</ets>. See <er>Dame</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The chief lady in waiting on the queen of Spain.</def>

<i>Brande.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An elderly lady holding a station between a governess and companion, and appointed to have charge over the younger ladies in a Spanish or a Portuguese family.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any old woman who is employed to guard a younger one; a governess.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Duet</h1>
<Xpage=460>

<hw>Du*et"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<er>Duetto</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A composition for two performers, whether vocal or instrumental.</def>

<h1>Duettino</h1>
<Xpage=460>

<hw>Du`et*ti"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It ., dim. fr. <ets>duetto</ets> a duet.]</ety> <def>A duet of short extent and concise form.</def>

<h1>Duetto</h1>
<Xpage=460>

<hw>Du*et"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. It & L. <ets>duo</ets> two. See <er>Two</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Duet</er>.</def>

<h1>Duff</h1>
<Xpage=460>

<hw>Duff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From OE. <ets>dagh</ets>. <ets><?/</ets>. See <er>Dough</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Dough or paste.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stiff flour pudding, boiled in a bag; -- a term used especially by seamen; <as>as, plum <ex>duff</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Duffel</h1>
<Xpage=460>

<hw>Duf"fel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>duffel</ets>, from <ets>Duffel</ets>, a town not far from Antwerp.]</ety> <def>A kind of coarse woolen cloth, having a thick nap or frieze.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>duffle</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Good <b>duffel</b> gray and flannel fine.
<i> Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Duffer</h1>
<Xpage=460>

<hw>Duf"fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A peddler or hawker, especially of cheap, flashy articles, as sham jewelry; hence, a sham or cheat.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stupid, awkward, inefficient person.</def><mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Duffle</h1>
<Xpage=460>

<hw>Duf"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Duffel</er>.</def>

<h1>Dufrenite</h1>
<Xpage=460>

<hw>Du*fren"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <?/<?/ierre Armand <ets>Dufr\'82noy</ets>, a French geologist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a blackish green color, commonly massive or in nodules. It is a hydrous phosphate of iron.</def>

<h1>Dug</h1>
<Xpage=460>

<hw>Dug</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to Sw. <ets>d\'84gga</ets> to suckle (a child), Dan. <ets>d\'91gge</ets>, and prob. to Goth. <ets>daddjan</ets>. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>A teat, pap, or nipple; -- formerly that of a human mother, now that of a cow or other beast.</def>

<blockquote>With mother's <b>dug</b> between its lips.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dug</h1>
<Xpage=460>

<hw>Dug</hw>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt><def>of <er>Dig</er>.</def>

<h1>Dugong</h1>
<Xpage=460>

<hw>Du*gong"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malayan <ets>d<?/y<?/ng</ets>, or Javan. <ets>duyung</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An aquatic herbivorous mammal (<spn>Halicore dugong</spn>), of the order Sirenia, allied to the manatee, but with a bilobed tail. It inhabits the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, East Indies, and Australia.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>duyong</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Dugout</h1>
<Xpage=460>

<hw>Dug"out`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A canoe or boat dug out from a large log.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<blockquote>A man stepped from his slender <b>dugout</b>.
<i> G. W. Cable.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place dug out.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A house made partly in a hillside or slighter elevation.</def> <mark>[Western U.S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Dugway</h1>
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<hw>Dug"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A way or road dug through a hill, or sunk below the surface of the land.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Duke</h1>
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<hw>Duke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>duc</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dux</ets>, <ets>ducis</ets>, leader, commander, fr. <ets>ducere</ets> to lead; akin to AS. <ets>te\'a2n</ets> to draw; cf. AS. <ets>heretoga</ets> (<ets>here</ets> army) an army leader, general, G. <ets>herzog</ets> duke. See <er>Tue</er>, and cf. <er>Doge</er>, <er>Duchess</er>, <er>Ducat</er>, <er>Duct</er>, <er>Adduce</er>, <er>Deduct</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A leader; a chief; a prince.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Hannibal, <b>duke</b> of Carthage.
<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All were <b>dukes</b> once, who were "duces" -- captains or leaders of their people.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In England, one of the highest order of nobility after princes and princesses of the royal blood and the four archbishops of England and Ireland.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In some European countries, a sovereign prince, without the title of king.</def>

<cs><col>Duke's coronet</col>. <cd>See <er>Illust</er>. of <er>Coronet</er>.</cd> -- <col>To dine with Duke Humphrey</col>, <cd>to go without dinner. See under <er>Dine</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Duke</h1>
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<hw>Duke</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To play the duke.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Lord Angelo <b>dukes</b> it well in his absence.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dukedom</h1>
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<hw>Duke"dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The territory of a duke.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The title or dignity of a duke.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dukeling</h1>
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<hw>Duke"ling</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little or insignificant duke.</def>

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Dukeship</h1>
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<hw>Duke"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being a duke; also, the personality of a duke.</def>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Dulcamara</h1>
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<hw>Dul`ca*ma"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>dulcis</ets> sweet + <ets>amarus</ets> bitter.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Solanum Dulcamara</spn>). See <er>Bittersweet</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <p><b>3</b> <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Dulcamarin</h1>
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<hw>Dul`ca*ma"rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside extracted from the bittersweet (<spn>Solanum Dulcamara</spn>), as a yellow amorphous substance. It probably occasions the compound taste. See <er>Bittersweet</er>, 3<sd>(a)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Dulce</h1>
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<hw>Dulce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make sweet; to soothe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dulceness</h1>
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<hw>Dulce"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sweetness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Dulcet</h1>
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<hw>Dul"cet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>doucet</ets>, dim. of <ets>dous</ets> sweet, F. <ets>doux</ets>, L. <ets>dulcis</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/ . Cf. <er>Doucet</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Sweet to the taste; luscious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She tempers <b>dulcet</b> creams.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sweet to the ear; melodious; harmonious.</def>

<blockquote>Their dainty lays and <b>dulcet</b> melody.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dulciana</h1>
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<hw>Dul`ci*an"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>dulcis</ets> sweet.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A sweet-toned stop of an organ.</def>

<h1>Dulcification</h1>
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<hw>Dul`ci*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dulcification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of dulcifying or sweetening.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Dulcified</h1>
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<hw>Dul"ci*fied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sweetened; mollified.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Dulcified spirit</col> &or; <col>spirits</col></mcol>, <cd>a compound of alcohol with mineral acids; <as>as, <ex>dulcified spirits<ex> of niter</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dulcifluous</h1>
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<hw>Dul*cif"lu*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dulcis</ets> sweet + <ets>fluere</ets> to flow.]</ety> <def>Flowing sweetly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dulcify</h1>
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<hw>Dul"ci*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dulcified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dulcifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>dulcis</ets> sweet + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dulcifier</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Pharm.)</fld> <def>To sweeten; to free from acidity, saltness, or acrimony.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig. : To mollify; to sweeten; to please.</def>

<blockquote>As she . . . was further <b>dulcified</b> by her pipe of tobacco.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dulciloquy</h1>
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<hw>Dul*cil"o*quy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dulcis</ets> sweet + <ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>A soft manner of speaking.</def>

<h1>Dulcimer</h1>
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<hw>Dul"ci*mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>dolcemele</ets>,r Sp. <ets>dulcemele</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dulcis</ets> sweet + <ets>melos</ets> song, melody, Gr. <?/; cf. OF.  <ets>doulcemele</ets>. See <er>Dulcet</er>, and <er>Melody</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument, having stretched metallic wires which are beaten with two light hammers held in the hands of the performer.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An ancient musical instrument in use among the Jews. <i>Dan. iii. 5</i>. It is supposed to be the same with the psaltery.</def>

<h1>Dulcinea</h1>
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<hw>Dul*cin"e*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., from <ets>Dulcinea del Toboso</ets> the mistress of the affections of Don <er>Quixote</er>.]</ety> <def>A mistress; a sweetheart.</def>

<blockquote>I must ever have some <b>Dulcinea</b> in my head.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dulciness</h1>
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<hw>Dul"ci*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See D<er>ulceness</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dulcite</h1>
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<hw>Dul"cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dulcite</ets>, fr. L. <ets>dulcis</ets> sweet.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, sugarlike substance, <chform>C6H8.(OH)2</chform>, occurring naturally in a manna from Madagascar, and in certain plants, and produced artificially by the reduction of galactose and lactose or milk sugar.</def>

<h1>Dulcino</h1>
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<hw>Dul*ci"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dolcino</er>.</def>

<h1>Dulcitude</h1>
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<hw>Dul"ci*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dulcitudo</ets>, fr.  <ets>dulcis</ets> sweet.</ety> <def>Sweetness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Dulcorate</h1>
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<hw>Dul"co*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dulcoratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dulcorare</ets>, fr. <ets>dulcor</ets> sweetness, fr. <ets>dulcis</ets> sweet.]</ety> <def>To sweeten; to make less acrimonious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Dulcoration</h1>
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<hw>Dul`co*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>dulcoratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of sweetening.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Duledge</h1>
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<hw>Du"ledge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>One of the dowels joining the ends of the fellies which form the circle of the wheel of a gun carriage.</def>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<h1>Dulia</h1>
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<hw>Du*li"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., fr. Gr. <?/ servitude, fr. <?/ slave.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>An inferior kind of veneration or worship, given to the angels and saints as the servants of God.</def>

<h1>Dull</h1>
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<hw>Dull</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Duller</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Dullest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>dol</ets> foolish; akin to <ets>gedwelan</ets> to err, D. <ets>dol</ets> mad, <ets>dwalen</ets> to wander, err, G. <ets>toll</ets> mad, Goth. <ets>dwals</ets> foolish, stupid, cf. Gr. <?/ turbid, troubled, Skr. <ets>dhvr</ets> to cause to fall. Cf. <er>Dolt</er>, <er>Dwale</er>, <er>Dwell</er>, <er>Fraud</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Slow of understanding; wanting readiness of apprehension; stupid; doltish; blockish.</def> "<i>Dull</i> at classical learning."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<blockquote>She is not bred so <b>dull</b> but she can learn.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Slow in action; sluggish; unready; awkward.</def>

<blockquote>This people's heart is waxed gross, and their ears are <b>dull</b> of hearing.
<i>Matt. xiii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O, help my weak wit and sharpen my <b>dull</b> tongue.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Insensible; unfeeling.</def>

<blockquote>Think me not
So <b>dull</b> a devil to forget the loss
Of such a matchless wife.
<i> Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not keen in edge or point; lacking sharpness; blunt.</def> "Thy scythe is <i>dull</i>."

<i>Herbert.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Not bright or clear to the eye; wanting in liveliness of color or luster; not vivid; obscure; dim; <as>as, a <ex>dull</ex> fire or lamp; a <ex>dull</ex> red or yellow; a <ex>dull</ex> mirror.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Heavy; gross; cloggy; insensible; spiritless; lifeless; inert.</def> "The <i>dull</i> earth."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>As turning the logs will make a <b>dull</b> fire burn, so changes of study a <b>dull</b> brain.
<i> Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Furnishing little delight, spirit, or variety; uninteresting; tedious; cheerless; gloomy; melancholy; depressing; <as>as, a <ex>dull</ex> story or sermon; a <ex>dull</ex> occupation or period</as>; hence, cloudy; overcast; <as>as, a <ex>dull</ex> day</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Along life's <b>dullest</b>, dreariest walk.
<i> Keble.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Lifeless; inanimate; dead; stupid; doltish; heavy; sluggish; sleepy; drowsy; gross; cheerless; tedious; irksome; dismal; dreary; clouded; tarnished; obtuse. See <er>Lifeless</er>.</syn>

<h1>Dull</h1>
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<hw>Dull</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Duller</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dulling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deprive of sharpness of edge or point.</def> "This . . . <i>dulled</i> their swords."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Borrowing <b>dulls</b> the edge of husbandry.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make dull, stupid, or sluggish; to stupefy, as the senses, the feelings, the perceptions, and the like.</def>

<blockquote>Those [drugs] she has
Will stupefy and <b>dull</b> the sense a while.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Use and custom have so <b>dulled</b> our eyes.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To render dim or obscure; to sully; to tarnish.</def> "<i>Dulls</i> the mirror."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To deprive of liveliness or activity; to render heavy; to make inert; to depress; to weary; to sadden.</def>

<blockquote>Attention of mind . . . wasted or <b>dulled</b> through continuance.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dull</h1>
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<hw>Dull</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become dull or stupid.</def>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Dullard</h1>
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<hw>Dull"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dull</ets> + <ets>-ard</ets>.]</ety> <def>A stupid person; a dunce.</def> <i>Shak</i>. -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Stupid.</def></def2>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Dull-brained</h1>
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<hw>Dull"-brained`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Stupid; doltish.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dull-browed</h1>
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<hw>Dull"-browed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a gloomy look.</def>

<h1>Duller</h1>
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<hw>Dull"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, dulls.</def>

<h1>Dull-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Dull"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having eyes wanting brightness, liveliness, or vivacity.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dullhead</h1>
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<hw>Dull"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A blockhead; a dolt.</def>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<h1>Dullish</h1>
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<hw>Dull"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat dull; uninteresting; tiresome.</def> "A series of <i>dullish</i> verses."

<i>Prof. Wilson.</i>

<h1>Dullness</h1>
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<hw>Dull"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being dull; slowness; stupidity; heaviness; drowsiness; bluntness; obtuseness; dimness; want of luster; want of vividness, or of brightness.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dulness</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>And gentle <b>dullness</b> ever loves a joke.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dull-sighted</h1>
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<hw>Dull"-sight`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having poor eyesight.</def>

<h1>Dullsome</h1>
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<hw>Dull"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dull.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gataker.</i>

<h1>Dull-witted</h1>
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<hw>Dull"-wit`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Stupid.</def>

<h1>Dully</h1>
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<hw>Dul"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dull manner; stupidly; slowly; sluggishly; without life or spirit.</def>

<blockquote>Supinely calm and <b>dully</b> innocent.
<i> G. Lyttelton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dulocracy</h1>
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<hw>Du*loc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Doulocracy</er>.</def>

<h1>Dulse</h1>
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<hw>Dulse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gael. <ets>duileasg</ets>; <ets>duille</ets> leaf + <ets>uisge</ets> water. Cf. <er>Whisky</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A seaweed of a reddish brown color, which is sometimes eaten, as in Scotland. The true dulse is <spn>Sarcophyllis edulis</spn>; the common is <spn>Rhodymenia</spn>. <altsp>[Written also <asp>dillisk.</asp>]</altsp></def>

<blockquote>The crimson leaf of the <b>dulse</b> is seen
To blush like a banner bathed in slaughter.
<i>Percival.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dulwilly</h1>
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<hw>Dul"wil*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. imitative.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ring plover.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Duly</h1>
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<hw>Du"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a due, fit, or becoming manner; as it (anything) ought to be; properly; regularly.</def>

<h1>Dumal</h1>
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<hw>Du"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dumus</ets> bramble.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or set with, briers or bushes; brambly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dumb</h1>
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<hw>Dumb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>dumb</ets>; akin to D. <ets>dom</ets> stupid, dumb, Sw. <ets>dumb</ets>, Goth. <ets>dumbs</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ blind. See <er>Deaf</er>, and cf. <er>Dummy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of the power of speech; unable; to utter articulate sounds; <as>as, the <ex>dumb</ex> brutes</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To unloose the very tongues even of <b>dumb</b> creatures.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not willing to speak; mute; silent; not speaking; not accompanied by words; <as>as, <ex>dumb</ex> show</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This spirit, <b>dumb</b> to us, will speak to him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To pierce into the <b>dumb</b> past.
<i> J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lacking brightness or clearness, as a color.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Her stern was painted of a <b>dumb</b> white or dun color.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Deaf and dumb</col>. <cd>See <er>Deaf-mute</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Dumb ague</col>, &or; <col>Dumb chill</col></mcol>, <cd>a form of intermittent fever which has no well-defined "chill." <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cd> -- <col>Dumb animal</col>, <cd>any animal except man; -- usually restricted to a domestic quadruped; -- so called in contradistinction to man, who is a "speaking animal."</cd> -- <col>Dumb cake</col>, <cd>a cake made in silence by girls on St. Mark's eve, with certain mystic ceremonies, to discover their future husbands. <i>Halliwell</i>.</cd> -- <col>Dumb cane</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a west Indian plant of the Arum family (<spn>Dieffenbachia seguina</spn>), which, when chewed, causes the tongue to swell, and destroys temporarily the power of speech.</cd> -- <col>Dumb crambo</col>. <cd>See under <er>crambo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dumb show</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Formerly, a part of a dramatic representation, shown in pantomime. "Inexplicable <i>dumb shows<i> and noise." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Signs and gestures without words; as, to tell a story in <i>dumb show<i>.</cd> -- <col>To strike dumb</col>, <cd>to confound; to astonish; to render silent by astonishment; or, it may be, to deprive of the power of speech.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Silent; speechless; noiseless. See <er>Mute</er>.</syn>

<h1>Dumb</h1>
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<hw>Dumb</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put to silence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dumb-bell</h1>
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<hw>Dumb"-bell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A weight, consisting of two spheres or spheroids, connected by a short bar for a handle; used (often in pairs) for gymnastic exercise.</def>

<h1>Dumbledor</h1>
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<hw>Dum"ble*dor`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The first part is prob. of imitative origin. See <er>Dor</er> a beetle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bumblebee; also, a cockchafer.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Dumbly</h1>
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<hw>Dumb"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In silence; mutely.</def>

<h1>Dumbness</h1>
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<hw>Dumb"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being dumb; muteness; silence; inability to speak.</def>

<h1>Dumb-waiter</h1>
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<hw>Dumb"-wait`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A framework on which dishes, food, etc., are passed from one room or story of a house to another; a lift for dishes, etc.; also, a piece of furniture with movable or revolving shelves.</def>

<h1>Dumetose</h1>
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<hw>Du"me*tose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>dumetum</ets> a thicket.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Dumose.</def>

<h1>Dumfound</h1>
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<hw>Dum"found`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dumfounded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dumfounding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strike dumb; to confuse with astonishment.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dumbfound</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<h1>Dumfounder</h1>
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<hw>Dum"found`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dumfound; to confound.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dumbfounder</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Dummador</h1>
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<hw>Dum"ma*dor`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dumbledor.</def>

<h1>Dummerer</h1>
<Xpage=460>

<hw>Dum"mer*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who feigns dumbness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Dummy</h1>
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<hw>Dum"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dumb</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Silent; mute; noiseless; as a <i>dummy</i> engine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fictitious or sham; feigned; <as>as, a <ex>dummy</ex> watch</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Dummy car</col>. <cd>See under <er>Car</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dummy</h1>
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<hw>Dum"my</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dummies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is dumb.</def>

<i>H. Smith.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sham package in a shop, or one which does not contain what its exterior indicates.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An imitation or copy of something, to be used as a substitute; a model; a lay figure; as, a figure on which clothing is exhibited in shop windows; a blank paper copy used to show the size of the future book, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Drama)</fld> <def>One who plays a merely nominal part in any action; a sham character.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A thick-witted person; a dolt.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A locomotive with condensing engines, and, hence, without the noise of escaping steam; also, a dummy car.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>The fourth or exposed hand when three persons play at a four-handed game of cards.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A floating barge connected with a pier.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<cs><col>To play dummy</col>, <cd>to play the exposed or dummy hand in cards. The partner of the dummy plays it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dumose, Dumous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Du`mose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Du"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dumosus</ets>, fr. <ets>dumus</ets> a thornbush, a bramble.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Abounding with bushes and briers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a compact, bushy form.</def>

<h1>Dump</h1>
<Xpage=460>

<hw>Dump</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dumpling</er>.]</ety> <def>A thick, ill-shapen piece; a clumsy leaden counter used by boys in playing chuck farthing.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Dump</h1>
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<hw>Dump</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. dial. Sw.  <ets>dumpin</ets> melancholy, Dan.<ets>dump</ets> dull, low, D. <ets>dompig</ets> damp, G. <ets>dumpf</ets> damp, dull, gloomy, and E. <ets>damp</ets>, or rather perh. <ets>dump</ets>, v. t. Cf. <er>Damp</er>, or <er>Dump</er>,    <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A dull, gloomy state of the mind; sadness; melancholy; low spirits; despondency; ill humor; -- now used only in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>March slowly on in solemn <b>dump</b>.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Doleful <b>dumps</b> the mind oppress.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I was musing in the midst of my <b>dumps</b>.
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="461">
Page 461<p>

<note>&hand; The ludicrous associations now attached to this word did not originally belong to it. "Holland's translation of Livy represents the Romans as being `in the <i>dumps'</i> after the battle of Cann\'91."</note>

<i>Trench.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Absence of mind; revery.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A melancholy strain or tune in music; any tune.</def>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Tune a deploring <i>dump</i>."  "Play me some merry <i>dump</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An old kind of dance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Dump</h1>
<Xpage=461>

<hw>Dump</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dumped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dumping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>dumpen</ets> to throw down, fall down, cf. Icel. <ets>dumpa</ets> to thump, Dan.  <ets>dumpe</ets> to fall suddenly, rush, dial. Sw.  <ets>dimpa</ets> to fall down plump. Cf. <er>Dump</er> sadness.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To knock heavily; to stump.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put or throw down with more or less of violence; hence, to unload from a cart by tilting it; <as>as, to <ex>dump</ex> sand, coal, etc.</as></def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Dumping car</col> &or; <col>cart</col></mcol>, <cd>a railway car, or a cart, the body of which can be tilted to empty the contents; -- called also <altname>dump car</altname>, or <altname>dump cart</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dump</h1>
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<hw>Dump</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A car or boat for dumping refuse, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A ground or place for dumping ashes, refuse, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is dumped.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A pile of ore or rock.</def>

<h1>Dumpage</h1>
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<hw>Dump"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of dumping loads from carts, especially loads of refuse matter; also, a heap of dumped matter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fee paid for the privilege of dumping loads.</def>

<h1>Dumpiness</h1>
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<hw>Dump"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being dumpy.</def>

<h1>Dumpish</h1>
<Xpage=461>

<hw>Dump"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dull; stupid; sad; moping; melancholy.</def> " A . . . <i>dumpish</i> and sour life."

<i>Lord Herbert.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dump"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dump"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dumple</h1>
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<hw>Dum"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dumpling</er>.]</ety> <def>To make dumpy; to fold, or bend, as one part over another.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He was a little man, <b>dumpled</b> up together.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dumpling</h1>
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<hw>Dump"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dimin. of <ets>dump</ets> an illshapen piece; cf. D.  <ets>dompelen</ets> to plunge, dip, duck, Scot. to <ets>dump in</ets> to plunge into, and E. <ets>dump</ets>, v. t.]</ety> <def>A roundish mass of dough boiled in soup, or as a sort of pudding; often, a cover of paste inclosing an apple or other fruit, and boiled or baked; <as>as, an apple <ex>dumpling</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Dumpy</h1>
<Xpage=461>

<hw>Dump"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Dumpier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Dumpiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<p><b>1.</b> From <er>Dump</er> a short ill-shapen piece. <p><b>2.</b> From <er>Dump</er> sadness.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Short and thick; of low stature and disproportionately stout.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sullen or discontented.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Dun</h1>
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<hw>Dun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dune</er>.]</ety> <def>A mound or small hill.</def>

<h1>Dun</h1>
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<hw>Dun</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cure, as codfish, in a particular manner, by laying them, after salting, in a pile in a dark place, covered with salt grass or some like substance.</def>

<h1>Dun</h1>
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<hw>Dun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dunned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dunning</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>dyne</ets> noise, <ets>dynian</ets> to make a noise, or fr. Icel. <ets>dynr</ets>, <ets>duna</ets>, noise, thunder, <ets>duna</ets> to thunder; the same word as E. <ets>din</ets>. <?/<?/<?/. See <er>Din</er>.]</ety> <def>To ask or beset, as a debtor, for payment; to urge importunately.</def>

<blockquote>Hath she sent so soon to <b>dun</b>?
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dun</h1>
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<hw>Dun</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who duns; a dunner.</def>

<blockquote>To be pulled by the sleeve by some rascally <b>dun</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An urgent request or demand of payment; <as>as, he sent his debtor a <ex>dun</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Dun</h1>
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<hw>Dun</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>dunn</ets>. of Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets>dwn</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>donn</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of a dark color; of a color partaking of a brown and black; of a dull brown color; swarthy.</def>

<blockquote>Summer's <b>dun</b> cloud comes thundering up.
<i> Pierpont.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Chill and <b>dun</b>
Falls on the moor the brief November day.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Dun crow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the hooded crow; -- so called from its color; -- also called <i>hoody<i>, and <i>hoddy<i>.</cd> -- <col>Dun diver</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the goosander or merganser.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dunbird</h1>
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<hw>Dun"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from its color.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The pochard; -- called also <altname>dunair</altname>, and <altname>dunker</altname>, or <altname>dun-curre</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An American duck; the ruddy duck.</def>

<h1>Dunce</h1>
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<hw>Dunce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Joannes <ets>Duns</ets> Scotus, a schoolman called the <ets>Subtle Doctor</ets>, who died in 1308. Originally in the phrase "a Duns man". See Note below.]</ety> <def>One backward in book learning; a child or other person dull or weak in intellect; a dullard; a dolt.</def>

<blockquote>I never knew this town without <b>dunces</b> of figure.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The schoolmen were often called, after their great leader Duns Scotus, <i>Dunsmen</i> or <i>Duncemen</i>. In the revival of learning they were violently opposed to classical studies; hence, the name of Dunce was applied with scorn and contempt to an opposer of learning, or to one slow at learning, a dullard.</note>

<h1>Duncedom</h1>
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<hw>Dunce"dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The realm or domain of dunces.</def> <mark>[Jocose]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Duncery</h1>
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<hw>Dun"cer*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dullness; stupidity.</def>

<h1>Duncical</h1>
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<hw>Dun"ci*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a dunce; duncish.</def>

<blockquote>The most dull and <b>duncical</b> commissioner.
<i> Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Duncify</h1>
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<hw>Dun"ci*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dunce</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make stupid in intellect.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Duncish</h1>
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<hw>Dun"cish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat like a dunce.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

-- <wordforms><wf>Dun"cish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Dunder</h1>
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<hw>Dun"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>redundar</ets> to overflow.]</ety> <def>The lees or dregs of cane juice, used in the distillation of rum.</def> <mark>[West Indies]</mark>

<blockquote>The use of <b>dunder</b> in the making of rum answers the purpose of yeast in the fermentation of flour.
<i>B. Edwards.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dunderhead</h1>
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<hw>Dun"der*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. Eng. also <ets>dunderpoll</ets>, from <ets>dunder</ets>, same as <ets>thunder</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dunce; a numskull; a blockhead.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Dunder-headed</h1>
<Xpage=461>

<hw>Dun"der-head`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Thick-headed; stupid.</def>

<h1>Dunderpate</h1>
<Xpage=461>

<hw>Dun"der*pate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Dunderhead</er>.</def>

<h1>Dune</h1>
<Xpage=461>

<hw>Dune</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The same word as <ets>down</ets>: cf. D. <ets>duin</ets>. See <er>Down</er> a bank of sand.]</ety> <def>A low hill of drifting sand usually formed on the coats, but often carried far inland by the prevailing winds.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dun</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Three great rivers, the Rhine, the Meuse, and the Scheldt, had deposited their slime for ages among the <b>dunes</b> or sand banks heaved up by the ocean around their mouths.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dunfish</h1>
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<hw>Dun"fish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Codfish cured in a particular manner, so as to be of a superior quality.</def>

<h1>Dung</h1>
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<hw>Dung</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>dung</ets>; akin to G. <ets>dung</ets>, <ets>d\'81nger</ets>, OHG. <ets>tunga</ets>, Sw. <ets>dynga</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>dyngja</ets> heap, Dan. <ets>dynge</ets>, MHG. <ets>tunc</ets> underground dwelling place, orig., covered with dung. Cf. <er>Dingy</er>.]</ety> <def>The excrement of an animal.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Dung</h1>
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<hw>Dung</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dunged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dunging</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To manure with dung.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Calico Print.)</fld> <def>To immerse or steep, as calico, in a bath of hot water containing cow dung; -- done to remove the superfluous mordant.</def>

<h1>Dung</h1>
<Xpage=461>

<hw>Dung</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To void excrement.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Dungaree</h1>
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<hw>Dun`ga*ree"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coarse kind of unbleached cotton stuff.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dungari</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Dungeon</h1>
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<hw>Dun"geon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>donjoun</ets> highest tower of a castle, tower, prison, F. <ets>donjon</ets> tower or platform in the midst of a castle, turret, or closet on the top of a house, a keep of a castle, LL. <ets>domnio</ets>, the same word as LL. <ets>dominus</ets> lord. See <er>Dame</er>, <er>Don</er>, and cf. <er>Dominion</er>, <er>Domain</er>, <er>Demesne</er>, <er>Danger</er>, <er>Donjon</er>.]</ety> <def>A close, dark prison, common<?/, under ground, as if the lower apartments of the <i>donjon</i> or keep of a castle, these being used as prisons.</def>

<blockquote>Down with him even into the deep <b>dungeon</b>.
<i> Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Year after year he lay patiently in a <b>dungeon</b>.
<i> Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dungeon</h1>
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<hw>Dun"geon</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shut up in a dungeon.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Dungfork</h1>
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<hw>Dung"fork`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fork for tossing dung.</def>

<h1>Dunghill</h1>
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<hw>Dung"hill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A heap of dung.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any mean situation or condition; a vile abode.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . lifteth up the beggar from the <b>dunghill</b>.
<i> 1. Sam. ii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Dunghill fowl</col>, <cd>a domestic fowl of common breed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dungmeer</h1>
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<hw>Dung"meer`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Dung</ets> + (prob.) <ets>meer</ets> a pool.]</ety> <def>A pit where dung and weeds rot for manure.</def>

<h1>Dungy</h1>
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<hw>Dung"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of dung; filthy; vile; low.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dungyard</h1>
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<hw>Dung"yard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A yard where dung is collected.</def>

<h1>Dunker</h1>
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<hw>Dun"ker</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>tunken</ets> to dip.]</ety> <def>One of a religious denomination whose tenets and practices are mainly those of the Baptists, but partly those of the Quakers; -- called also <altname>Tunkers</altname>, <altname>Dunkards</altname>, <altname>Dippers</altname>, and, by themselves, <altname>Brethren</altname>, and <altname>German Baptists</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The denomination was founded in Germany in 1708, but after a few years the members emigrated to the United States.</note>

<cs><col>Seventh-day Dunkers</col>, <cd>a sect which separated from the Dunkers and formed a community, in 1728. They keep the seventh day or Saturday as the Sabbath.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dunlin</h1>
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<hw>Dun"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. <ets>dun</ets> hill (E. <ets>dune</ets>), and <ets>linne</ets> pool, pond, lake, E. <ets>lin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of sandpiper (<spn>Tringa alpina</spn>); -- called also <altname>churr</altname>, <altname>dorbie</altname>, <altname>grass bird</altname>, and <altname>red-backed sandpiper</altname>. It is found both in Europe and America.</def>

<h1>Dunnage</h1>
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<hw>Dun"nage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Dun</er> a mound.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Fagots, boughs, or loose materials of any kind, laid on the bottom of the hold for the cargo to rest upon to prevent injury by water, or stowed among casks and other cargo to prevent their motion.</def>

<h1>Dunner</h1>
<Xpage=461>

<hw>Dun"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Dun</er> to ask payment from.]</ety> <def>One employed in soliciting the payment of debts.</def>

<h1>Dunnish</h1>
<Xpage=461>

<hw>Dun"nish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclined to a dun color.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Dunnock</h1>
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<hw>Dun"nock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Dun</er>,<tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hedge sparrow or hedge accentor.</def> <mark>[Local, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Dunny</h1>
<Xpage=461>

<hw>Dun"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deaf; stupid.</def><mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>My old dame Joan is something <b>dunny</b>, and will scarce know how to manage.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dunt</h1>
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<hw>Dunt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<er>Dint</er>.]</ety> <def>A blow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. of Glouc.</i>

<h1>Dunted</h1>
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<hw>Dunt"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Beaten; hence, blunted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Fencer's swords . . . having the edge <b>dunted</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dunter</h1>
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<hw>Dun"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A porpoise.</def> <mark>[Scott.]</mark>

<cs><col>Dunter goose</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>the eider duck.</cd></cs>

<i>J. Brand.</i>

<h1>Duo</h1>
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<hw>Du"o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>duo</ets>, fr. L. <ets>duo</ets> two. See <er>Duet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A composition for two performers; a duet.</def>

<mhw><h1>Duodecahedral, a., Duodecahedron</h1>
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<hw>Du`o*dec`a*he"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>Du`o*dec`a*he"dron</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></mhw> <def>See <er>Dodecahedral</er>, and <er>Dodecahedron</er>.</def>

<h1>Duodecennial</h1>
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<hw>Du`o*de*cen"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>duodecennis</ets>; <ets>duodecim</ets> twelve + <ets>annus</ets> year.]</ety> <def>Consisting of twelve years.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Duodecimal</h1>
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<hw>Du`o*dec"i*mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>duodecim</ets> twelve. See <er>Dozen</er>.]</ety> <def>Proceeding in computation by twelves; expressed in the scale of twelves.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Du`o*dec"i*mal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Duodecimal</h1>
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<hw>Du`o*dec"i*mal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A twelfth part; <as>as, the <ex>duodecimals</ex> of an inch</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A system of numbers, whose denominations rise in a scale of twelves, as of feet and inches. The system is used chiefly by artificers in computing the superficial and solid contents of their work.</def>

<h1>Duodecimfid</h1>
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<hw>Du`o*dec"im*fid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>duodecim</ets> twelve + <ets>findere</ets> to cleave.]</ety> <def>Divided into twelve parts.</def>

<h1>Duodecimo</h1>
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<hw>Du`o*dec"i*mo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>in duodecimo</ets> in twelfth, fr. <ets>duodecimus twelfth</ets>, <ets>fr</ets>. <ets>duodecim</ets> twelve. See <er>Dozen</er>.]</ety> <def>Having twelve leaves to a sheet; <as>as, a <ex>duodecimo</ex> from, book, leaf, size, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Duodecimo</h1>
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<hw>Du*o*dec"i*mo</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Duodecimos</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A book consisting of sheets each of which is folded into twelve leaves; hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of a book; -- usually written 12mo or 12&deg;.</def>

<h1>Duodecuple</h1>
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<hw>Du`o*dec"u*ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>duo</ets> two + <?/ <ets>decuple</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of twelves.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Duodenal</h1>
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<hw>Du`o*de"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>duod\'82nal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the duodenum; <as>as, <ex>duodenal</ex> digestion</as>.</def>

<h1>Duodenary</h1>
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<hw>Du`o*den"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>duodenarius</ets>, fr. <ets>duodeni</ets> twelve each: cf. F. <ets>duod\'82naire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing twelve; twelvefold; increasing by twelves; duodecimal.</def>

<h1>Duodenum</h1>
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<hw>Du`o*de"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr.  <ets>duodeni</ets> twelve each: cf. F. <ets>duodenum</ets>. So called because its length is about twelve fingers' breadth.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The part of the small intestines between the stomach and the jejunum. See <i>Illust</i>. of <i>Digestive apparatus</i>, under <er>Digestive</er>.</def>

<h1>Duoliteral</h1>
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<hw>Du`o*lit"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>duo</ets> two + E.  <ets>literal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of two letters only; biliteral.</def>

<i>Stuart.</i>

<h1>Duomo</h1>
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<hw>Duo"mo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Done</er>.]</ety> <def>A cathedral. See <er>Dome</er>, 2.</def>

<blockquote>Of tower or <b>duomo</b>, sunny sweet.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dup</h1>
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<hw>Dup</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>do up</ets>, that is, to lift up the latch. Cf. <er>Don</er>, <er>Doff</er>.]</ety> <def>To open; <as>as, to <ex>dup</ex> the door</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Dupable</h1>
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<hw>Dup"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being duped.</def>

<h1>Dupe</h1>
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<hw>Dupe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., prob. from Prov. F.  <ets>dupe</ets>, <ets>dube</ets>; of unknown origin; equiv. to F. <ets>huppe</ets> hoopoe, a foolish bird, easily caught. Cf. Armor. <ets>houp\'82rik</ets> hoopoe, a man easily deceived. Cf. also <er>Gull</er>, <er>Booby</er>.]</ety> <def>One who has been deceived or who is easily deceived; a gull; <as>as, the <ex>dupe</ex> of a schemer</as>.</def>

<h1>Dupe</h1>
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<hw>Dupe</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Duped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Duping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>duper</ets>, fr. <ets>dupe</ets>. See <er>Dupe</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To deceive; to trick; to mislead by imposing on one's credulity; to gull; <as>as, <ex>dupe</ex> one by flattery</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Ne'er have I <b>duped</b> him with base counterfeits.
<i> Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Duper</h1>
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<hw>Dup"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dupes another.</def>

<h1>Dupery</h1>
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<hw>Dup"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>duperie</ets>, fr. <ets>duper</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of duping.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Dupion</h1>
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<hw>Du"pi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>doupion</ets>, It. <ets>doppione</ets>, fr. <ets>doppio</ets> double, L. <ets>duplus</ets>. See <er>Double</er>, and cf. <er>Doubloon</er>.]</ety> <def>A double cocoon, made by two silkworms.</def>

<h1>Duple</h1>
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<hw>Du"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>duplus</ets>. See <er>Double</er>.]</ety> <def>Double.</def>

<cs><col>Duple ratio</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>that in which the antecedent term is double the consequent, as of 2 to 1, 8 to 4, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Duplex</h1>
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<hw>Du"plex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L., fr.  <ets>duo</ets> two + <ets>plicare</ets> to fold. See <er>Two</er>, and <er>Complex</er>.]</ety> <def>Double; twofold.</def>

<cs><col>Duplex escapement</col>, <cd>a peculiar kind of watch escapement, in which the scape-wheel has two sets of teeth. See <er>Escapement</er>.</cd> -- <col>Duplex lathe</col>, <cd>one for turning off, screwing, and surfacing, by means of two cutting tools, on opposite sides of the piece operated upon.</cd> -- <col>Duplex pumping engine</col>, <cd>a steam pump in which two steam cylinders are placed side by side, one operating the valves of the other.</cd> -- <col>Duplex querela</col> <ety>[L., double complaint]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld>, <cd>a complaint in the nature of an appeal from the ordinary to his immediate superior, as from a bishop to an archbishop.</cd> <i>Mozley & W.</i> -- <col>Duplex telegraphy</col>, <cd>a system of telegraphy for sending two messages over the same wire simultaneously.</cd> -- <col>Duplex watch</col>, <cd>one with a duplex escapement.</cd></cs>

<h1>Duplicate</h1>
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<hw>Du"pli*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>duplicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>duplicare</ets> to double, fr. <ets>duplex</ets> double, twofold. See <er>Duplex</er>.]</ety> <def>Double; twofold.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Duplicate proportion</col> &or; <col>ratio</col></mcol> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the proportion or ratio of squares. Thus, in geometrical proportion, the first term to the third is said to be in a <i>duplicate<i> ratio of the first to the second, or as its square is to the square of the second. Thus, in 2, 4, 8, 16, the ratio of 2 to 8 is a <i>duplicate<i> of that of 2 to 4, or as the square of 2 is to the square of 4.</cd></cs>

<h1>Duplicate</h1>
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<hw>Du"pli*cate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which exactly resembles or corresponds to something else; another, correspondent to the first; hence, a copy; a transcript; a counterpart.</def>

<blockquote>I send a <b>duplicate</b> both of it and my last dispatch.
<i> Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An original instrument repeated; a document which is the same as another in all essential particulars, and differing from a mere copy in having all the validity of an original.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Duplicate</h1>
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<hw>Du"pli*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Duplicated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Duplicating</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To double; to fold; to render double.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a duplicate of (something); to make a copy or transcript of.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To divide into two by natural growth or spontaneous action; <as>as, infusoria <ex>duplicate</ex> themselves</as>.</def>

<h1>Duplication</h1>
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<hw>Du`pli*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>duplicatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>duplication</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of duplicating, or the state of being duplicated; a doubling; a folding over; a fold.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The act or process of dividing by natural growth or spontaneous action; <as>as, the <ex>duplication</ex> of cartilage cells</as>.</def>

<i>Carpenter.</i>

<cs><col>Duplication of the cube</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the operation of finding a cube having a volume which is double that of a given cube.</cd></cs>

<h1>Duplicative</h1>
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<hw>Du"pli*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the quality of duplicating or doubling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having the quality of subdividing into two by natural growth.</def> "<i>Duplicative</i> subdivision."

<i>Carpenter.</i>

<h1>Duplicature</h1>
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<hw>Du"pli*ca*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>duplicature</ets>.]</ety> <def>A doubling; a fold, as of a membrane.</def>

<h1>Duplicity</h1>
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<hw>Du*plic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Duplicities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>duplicit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>duplicitas</ets>, fr. <ets>duplex</ets> double. See <er>Duplex</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Doubleness; a twofold state.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Do not affect <b>duplicities</b> nor triplicities, nor any certain number of parts in your division of things.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Doubleness of heart or speech; insincerity; a sustained form of deception which consists in entertaining or pretending to entertain one of feelings, and acting as if influenced by another; bad faith.</def>

<blockquote>Far from the <b>duplicity</b> wickedly charged on him, he acted his part with alacrity and resolution.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="462">
Page 462<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The use of two or more distinct allegations or answers, where one is sufficient.</def> <i>Blackstone</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In indictments, the union of two incompatible offenses.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Double dealing; dissimulation; deceit; guile; deception; falsehood.</syn>

<h1>Dupper</h1>
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<hw>Dup"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 2d <er>Dubber</er>.</def>

<h1>Dur</h1>
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<hw>Dur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[G., fr. L. <ets>durus</ets> hard, firm, vigorous.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Major; in the major mode; <as>as, C <ex>dur</ex>, that is, C major</as>.</def>

<h1>Dura</h1>
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<hw>Du"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Short form for <er>Dura mater</er>.</def>

<h1>Durability</h1>
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<hw>Du`ra*bil"i*ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>durabilitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being durable; the power of uninterrupted or long continuance in any condition; the power of resisting agents or influences which tend to cause changes, decay, or dissolution; lastingness.</def>

<blockquote>A Gothic cathedral raises ideas of grandeur in our minds by the size, its height, . . . its antiquity, and its <b>durability</b>.
<i>Blair.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Durable</h1>
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<hw>Du"ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>durabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>durare</ets> to last: cf. F. <ets>durable</ets>. See <er>Dure</er>.]</ety> <def>Able to endure or continue in a particular condition; lasting; not perishable or changeable; not wearing out or decaying soon; enduring; <as>as, <ex>durable</ex> cloth; <ex>durable</ex> happiness.</as></def>

<blockquote>Riches and honor are with me; yea, <b>durable</b> riches and righteousness.
<i>Prov. viii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An interest which from its object and grounds must be so <b>durable</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Lasting; permanent; enduring; firm; stable; continuing; constant; persistent. See <er>Lasting</er>.</syn>

<h1>Durableness</h1>
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<hw>Du"ra*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Power of lasting, enduring, or resisting; durability.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>durableness</b> of the metal that supports it.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Durably</h1>
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<hw>Du"ra*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lasting manner; with long continuance.</def>

<h1>Dural</h1>
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<hw>Du"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the dura, or dura mater.</def>

<h1>Dura mater</h1>
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<hw>Du"ra ma"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., lit., hard mother. The membrane was called <ets>mater</ets>, or mother, because it was formerly thought to give rise to every membrane of the body.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The tough, fibrous membrane, which lines the cavity of the skull and spinal column, and surrounds the brain and spinal cord; -- frequently abbreviated to <i>dura</i>.</def>

<h1>Duramen</h1>
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<hw>Du*ra"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., hardness, a hardened, <it>i. e.</it>, ligneous, vine branch, fr. <ets>durare</ets> to harden. See <er>Dure</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The heartwood of an exogenous tree.</def>

<h1>Durance</h1>
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<hw>Dur"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>durance</ets> duration, fr. L. <ets>durans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. <ets>durare</ets> to endure, last. See <er>Dure</er>, and cf. <er>Durant</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Continuance; duration. See <er>Endurance</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Of how short <b>durance</b> was this new-made state!
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Imprisonment; restraint of the person; custody by a jailer; duress. <i>Shak</i>.</def> "<i>Durance</i> vile."

<i>Burns.</i>

<blockquote>In <b>durance</b>, exile, Bedlam or the mint.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A stout cloth stuff, formerly made in imitation of buff leather and used for garments; a sort of tammy or everlasting.</def>

<blockquote>Where didst thou buy this buff? let me not live but I will give thee a good suit of <b>durance</b>.
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>In modern manufacture, a worsted of one color used for window blinds and similar purposes</def>.

<h1>Durancy</h1>
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<hw>Dur"an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Duration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Durant</h1>
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<hw>Dur"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>durant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>durer</ets> to last. Cf. <er>Durance</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Durance</er>, 3.</def>

<h1>Durante</h1>
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<hw>Du*ran"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[L., abl. case of the p. pr. of <ets>durare</ets> to last.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>During; <as>as, <ex>durante vita</ex>, during life; <ex>durante bene placito</ex>, during pleasure.</as></def>

<h1>Duration</h1>
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<hw>Du*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>duration</ets>. See <er>Dure</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of lasting; continuance in time; the portion of time during which anything exists.</def>

<blockquote>It was proposed that the <b>duration</b> of Parliament should be limited.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Soon shall have passed our own human <b>duration</b>.
<i>D. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Durative</h1>
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<hw>Dur"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Continuing; not completed; implying duration.</def>

<blockquote>Its <b>durative</b> tense, which expresses the thought of it as going on.
<i>J. Byrne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Durbar</h1>
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<hw>Dur"bar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>darb\'ber</ets>, fr. Per <ets>dar<?/\'ber</ets> house, court, hall of audience; <ets>dar</ets> door, gate + <ets>b\'ber</ets> court, assembly.]</ety> <def>An audience hall; the court of a native prince; a state levee; a formal reception of native princes, given by the governor general of India.</def> <mark>[India]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>darbar</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Dure</h1>
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<hw>Dure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>durus</ets>; akin to Ir. & Gael. <ets>dur <?/</ets>, stubborn, W. <ets>dir</ets> certain, sure, cf. Gr. <?/ force.]</ety> <def>Hard; harsh; severe; rough; toilsome.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The winter is severe, and life is <b>dure</b> and rude.
<i>W. H. Russell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dure</h1>
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<hw>Dure</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>durer</ets>, L. <ets>durare</ets> to harden, be hardened, to endure, last, fr. <ets>durus</ets> hard. See <er>Dure</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To last; to continue; to endure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<blockquote>Yet hath he not root in himself, but <b>dureth</b> for a while.
<i>Matt. xiii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dureful</h1>
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<hw>Dure"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lasting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Dureless</h1>
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<hw>Dure"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not lasting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Durene</h1>
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<hw>Du"rene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>durus</ets> hard; -- so called because solid at ordinary temperatures.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, crystalline, aromatic hydrocarbon, <chform>C6H2(CH3)4</chform>, off artificial production, with an odor like camphor.</def>

<h1>Duress</h1>
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<hw>Du"ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>duresse</ets>, <ets>du<?/</ets>, hardship, severity, L. <ets>duritia</ets>, <ets>durities</ets>, fr. <ets>durus</ets> hard. See <er>Dure</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Hardship; constraint; pressure; imprisonment; restraint of liberty.</def>

<blockquote>The agreements . . . made with the landlords during the time of slavery, are only the effect of <b>duress</b> and force.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The state of compulsion or necessity in which a person is influenced, whether by the unlawful restrain of his liberty or by actual or threatened physical violence, to incur a civil liability or to commit an offense.</def>

<h1>Duress</h1>
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<hw>Du*ress"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To subject to duress.</def> "The party <i>duressed</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Duressor</h1>
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<hw>Du*ress"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who subjects another to duress</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Durga</h1>
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<hw>Dur"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Doorga</er>.</def>

<h1>Durham</h1>
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<hw>Dur"ham</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One or a breed of short-horned cattle, originating in the county of Durham, England. The Durham cattle are noted for their beef-producing quality.</def>

<h1>Durian, &or; Durion</h1>
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<hw><hw>Du"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Du"ri*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit of the durio. It is oval or globular, and eight or ten inches long. It has a hard prickly rind, containing a soft, cream-colored pulp, of a most delicious flavor and a very offensive odor. The seeds are roasted and eaten like chestnuts.</def>

<h1>During</h1>
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<hw>Dur"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[Orig., p. pr. of <ets>dure</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the time of; as long as the action or existence of; <as>as, <ex>during</ex> life; <ex>during</ex> the space of a year.</as></def>

<h1>Durio</h1>
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<hw>Du"ri*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Malay <ets>d<?/ri</ets> thorn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fruit tree (<spn>D. zibethinus</spn>, the only species known) of the Indian Archipelago. It bears the durian.</def>

<h1>Durity</h1>
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<hw>Du"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>duritas</ets>, fr. <ets>durus</ets> hard.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Hardness; firmness.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Harshness; cruelty.</def>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Durometer</h1>
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<hw>Du*rom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>durus</ets> hard + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the degree of hardness; especially, an instrument for testing the relative hardness of steel rails and the like.</def>

<h1>Durous</h1>
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<hw>Du"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>durus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hard.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<h1>Durra</h1>
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<hw>Dur"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>dhorra</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of millet, cultivated throughout Asia, and introduced into the south of Europe; a variety of <spn>Sorghum vulgare</spn>; -- called also <altname>Indian millet</altname>, and <altname>Guinea corn</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>dhoorra</asp>, <asp>dhurra</asp>, <asp>doura</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Durst</h1>
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<hw>Durst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Dare</er>. See <er>Dare</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<h1>Durukuli</h1>
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<hw>Du`ru*ku"li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, nocturnal, South American monkey (<spn>Nyctipthecus trivirgatus</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>douroucouli</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Durylic</h1>
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<hw>Du*ryl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, allied to, or derived from, durene; <as>as, <ex>durylic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Duse</h1>
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<hw>Duse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A demon or spirit. See <er>Deuce</er>.</def>

<h1>Dusk</h1>
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<hw>Dusk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dusc</ets>, <ets>dosc</ets>, <ets>deosc</ets>; cf. dial. Sw. <ets>duska</ets> to drizzle, <ets>dusk</ets> a slight shower. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>Tending to darkness or blackness; moderately dark or black; dusky.</def>

<blockquote>A pathless desert, <b>dusk</b> with horrid shades.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dusk</h1>
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<hw>Dusk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Imperfect obscurity; a middle degree between light and darkness; twilight; <as>as, the <ex>dusk</ex> of the evening</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A darkish color.</def>

<blockquote>Whose <b>duck</b> set off the whiteness of the skin.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dusk</h1>
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<hw>Dusk</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make dusk.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>After the sun is up, that shadow which <b>dusketh</b> the light of the moon must needs be under the earth.

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Dusk</h1>
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<hw>Dusk</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow dusk.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dusken</h1>
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<hw>Dusk"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make dusk or obscure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Not utterly defaced, but only <b>duskened</b>.
<i>Nicolls.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Duskily</h1>
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<hw>Dusk"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dusky manner.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Duskiness</h1>
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<hw>Dusk"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being dusky.</def>

<h1>Duskish</h1>
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<hw>Dusk"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat dusky.</def> " <i>Duskish</i> smoke." <i>Spenser</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Dusk"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dusk"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Duskness</h1>
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<hw>Dusk"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Duskiness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Dusky</h1>
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<hw>Dusk"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Partially dark or obscure; not luminous; dusk; <as>as, a <ex>dusky</ex> valley</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Through <b>dusky</b> lane and wrangling mart.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tending to blackness in color; partially black; dark-colored; not bright; <as>as, a <ex>dusky</ex> brown</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>When Jove in <b>dusky</b> clouds involves the sky.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The figure of that first ancestor invested by family tradition with a dim and <b>dusky</b> grandeur.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Gloomy; sad; melancholy.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>dusky</b> scene of horror, this melancholy prospect.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Intellectually clouded.</def>

<blockquote>Though <b>dusky</b> wits dare scorn astrology.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dust</h1>
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<hw>Dust</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>dust</ets>; cf. LG. <ets>dust</ets>, D. <ets>duist</ets> meal dust, OD. <ets>doest</ets>, <ets>donst</ets>, and G. <ets>dunst</ets> vapor, OHG. <ets>tunist</ets>, <ets>dunist</ets>, a blowing, wind, Icel. <ets>dust</ets> dust, Dan. <ets>dyst</ets> mill dust; perh. akin to L. <ets>fumus</ets> smoke, E. <ets>fume</ets>. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Fine, dry particles of earth or other matter, so comminuted that they may be raised and wafted by the wind; that which is crumbled too minute portions; fine powder; <as>as, clouds of <ex>dust</ex>; bone <ex>dust</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Dust</b> thou art, and unto <b>dust</b> shalt thou return.
<i>Gen. iii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Stop! -- for thy tread is on an empire's <b>dust</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A single particle of earth or other matter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "To touch a <i>dust</i> of England's ground."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The earth, as the resting place of the dead.</def>

<blockquote>For now shall sleep in the <b>dust</b>.
<i>Job vii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The earthy remains of bodies once alive; the remains of the human body.</def>

<blockquote>And you may carve a shrine about my <b>dust</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Figuratively, a worthless thing.</def>

<blockquote>And by the merit of vile gold, dross, <b>dust</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Figuratively, a low or mean condition.</def>

<blockquote>[God] raiseth up the poor out of the <b>dust</b>.
<i>1 Sam. ii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Gold dust</def>; hence: (<mark>Slang</mark>) <def>Coined money; cash.</def>

<cs><col>Down with the dust</col>, <cd>deposit the cash; pay down the money.</cd>  <mark>[Slang]</mark> "My lord, quoth the king, presently deposit your hundred pounds in gold, or else no going hence all the days of your life. . . . The Abbot <i>down with his dust<i>, and glad he escaped so, returned to Reading." <i>Fuller</i>. -- <col>Dust brand</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a fungous plant (<spn>Ustilago Carbo</spn>); -- called also <altname>smut</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Gold dust</col>, <cd>fine particles of gold, such as are obtained in placer mining; -- often used as money, being transferred by weight.</cd> -- <col>In dust and ashes</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ashes</er>.</cd> -- <col>To bite the dust</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bite</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></cd> -- <col>To</col> <col>raise, &or; kick up, dust</col>, <cd>to make a commotion.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To throw dust in one's eyes</col>, <cd>to mislead; to deceive.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Dust</h1>
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<hw>Dust</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dusted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dusting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To free from dust; to brush, wipe, or sweep away dust from; <as>as, to <ex>dust</ex> a table or a floor</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sprinkle with dust.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To reduce to a fine powder; to levigate.</def>

<i>Sprat.</i>

<cs><col>To dyst one's jacket</col>, <cd>to give one a flogging. <mark>[Slang.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Dustbrush</h1>
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<hw>Dust"brush`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A brush of feathers, bristles, or hair, for removing dust from furniture.</def>

<h1>Duster</h1>
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<hw>Dust"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, dusts; a utensil that frees from dust</def>. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Paper Making)</fld> <def>A revolving wire-cloth cylinder which removes the dust from rags, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Milling)</fld> <def>A blowing machine for separating the flour from the bran.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A light over-garment, worn in traveling to protect the clothing from dust.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Dustiness</h1>
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<hw>Dust"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being dusty.</def>

<h1>Dustless</h1>
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<hw>Dust"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without dust; as a <i>dustless</i> path.</def>

<h1>Dustman</h1>
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<hw>Dust"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dustmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One whose employment is to remove dirt and defuse.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Dustpan</h1>
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<hw>Dust"pan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shovel-like utensil for conveying away dust brushed from the floor.</def>

<h1>Dust-point</h1>
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<hw>Dust"-point`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An old rural game.</def>

<blockquote>With any boy at <b>dust-point</b> they shall play.
<i>Peacham (1620).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dusty</h1>
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<hw>Dust"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Dustier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Dustiest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>dystig</ets>. See <er>Dust</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Filled, covered, or sprinkled with dust; clouded with dust; <as>as, a <ex>dusty</ex> table</as>; also, reducing to dust.</def>

<blockquote>And all our yesterdays have lighted fools
The way to <b>dusty</b> death.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Like dust; of the color of dust; as a <i>dusty</i> white.</def>

<cs><col>Dusty miller</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Cineraria maritima</spn>); -- so called because of the ashy-white coating of its leaves.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dutch</h1>
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<hw>Dutch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>duitsch</ets> German; or G. <ets>deutsch</ets>, orig., popular, national, OD. <ets>dietsc</ets>, MHG. <ets>diutsch</ets>, <ets>tiutsch</ets>, OHG. <ets>diutisk</ets>, fr. <ets>diot</ets>, <ets>diota</ets>, a people, a nation; akin to AS. <ets>pe\'a2d</ets>, OS. <ets>thiod</ets>, <ets>thioda</ets>, Goth. <ets>piuda</ets>; cf. Lith. <ets>tauta</ets> land, OIr. <ets>tuath</ets> people, Oscan<-- ??sic --> <ets>touto</ets>. The English have applied the name especially to the Germanic people living nearest them, the Hollanders. Cf. <er>Derrick</er>, <er>Teutonic</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Holland, or to its inhabitants.</def>

<cs><col>Dutch auction</col>. <cd>See under <er>Auction</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dutch cheese</col>, <cd>a small, pound, hard cheese, made from skim milk.</cd> -- <col>Dutch clinker</col>, <cd>a kind of brick made in Holland. It is yellowish, very hard, and long and narrow in shape.</cd> -- <col>Dutch clover</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>common white clover (<spn>Trifolium repens</spn>), the seed of which was largely imported into England from Holland.</cd> -- <col>Dutch concert</col>, <cd>a so-called concert in which all the singers sing at the same time different songs.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>Dutch courage</col>, <cd>the courage of partial intoxication. <mark>[Slang]</mark> <i>Marryat</i>.</cd> -- <col>Dutch door</col>, <cd>a door divided into two parts, horizontally, so arranged that the lower part can be shut and fastened, while the upper part remains open.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Dutch foil</col>, <col>Dutch leaf</col>, &or; <col>Dutch gold</col></mcol>, <cd>a kind of brass rich in copper, rolled or beaten into thin sheets, used in Holland to ornament toys and paper; -- called also <altname>Dutch mineral</altname>, <altname>Dutch metal</altname>, <altname>brass foil</altname>, and <altname>bronze leaf</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Dutch liquid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a thin, colorless, volatile liquid, <chform>C2H4Cl2</chform>, of a sweetish taste and a pleasant ethereal odor, produced by the union of chlorine and ethylene or olefiant gas; -- called also <altname>Dutch oil</altname>. It is so called because discovered (in 1795) by an association of four Hollandish chemists. See <er>Ethylene</er>, and <er>Olefiant</er>.</cd><-- = ethylene chloride --> -- <col>Dutch oven</col>, <cd>a tin screen for baking before an open fire or kitchen range; also, in the United States, a shallow iron kettle for baking, with a cover to hold burning coals.</cd> -- <col>Dutch pink</col>, <cd>chalk, or whiting dyed yellow, and used in distemper, and for paper staining. etc. <i>Weale</i>.</cd> -- <col>Dutch rush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of horsetail rush or Equisetum (<spn>E. hyemale</spn>) having a rough, siliceous surface, and used for scouring and polishing; -- called also <altname>scouring rush</altname>, and <altname>shave grass</altname>. See <er>Equisetum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dutch tile</col>, <cd>a glazed and painted ornamental tile, formerly much exported, and used in the jambs of chimneys and the like.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; <i>Dutch</i> was formerly used for <i>German</i>.</note>

<blockquote>Germany is slandered to have sent none to this war [the Crusades] at this first voyage; and that other pilgrims, passing through that country, were mocked by the <b>Dutch</b>, and called fools for their pains.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dutch</h1>
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<hw>Dutch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The people of Holland; Dutchmen.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The language spoken in Holland.</def>

<h1>Dutchman</h1>
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<hw>Dutch"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dutchmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A native, or one of the people, of Holland.</def>

<cs><col>Dutchman's breeches</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a perennial American herb (<spn>Dicentra cucullaria</spn>), with peculiar double-spurred flowers. See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Dicentra</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dutchman's laudanum</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a West Indian passion flower (<spn>Passiflora Murucuja</spn>); also, its fruit.</cd> -- <col>Dutchman's pipe</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American twining shrub (<spn>Aristolochia Sipho</spn>). Its flowers have their calyx tubes curved like a tobacco pipe.</cd></cs>

<h1>Duteous</h1>
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<hw>Du"te*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Duty</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Fulfilling duty; dutiful; having the sentiments due to a superior, or to one to whom respect or service is owed; obedient; <as>as, a <ex>duteous</ex> son or daughter</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Subservient; obsequious.</def>

<blockquote><b>Duteous</b> to the vices of thy mistress.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Du"te*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Du"te*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dutiable</h1>
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<hw>Du"ti*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Duty</er>.]</ety> <def>Subject to the payment of a duty; as <i>dutiable</i> goods.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<blockquote>All kinds of <b>dutiable</b> merchandise.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dutied</h1>
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<hw>Du"tied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Subjected to a duty.</def>

<i>Ames.</i>

<h1>Dutiful</h1>
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<hw>Du"ti*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Performing, or ready to perform, the duties required by one who has the right to claim submission, obedience, or deference; submissive to natural or legal superiors; obedient, as to parents or superiors; <as>as, a <ex>dutiful</ex> son or daughter; a <ex>dutiful</ex> ward or servant; a <ex>dutiful</ex> subject.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Controlled by, proceeding from, a sense of duty; respectful; deferential; <as>as, <ex>dutiful</ex> affection</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Duteous; obedient; reverent; reverential; submissive; docile; respectful; compliant.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Du"ti*ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Du"ti*ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Duty</h1>
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<hw>Du"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Duties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[From <er>Due</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is due; payment.</def> <mark>[Obs. as signifying a material thing.]</mark>

<blockquote>When thou receivest money for thy labor or ware, thou receivest thy <b>duty</b>.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="463">
Page 463<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which a person is bound by moral obligation to do, or refrain from doing; that which one ought to do; service morally obligatory.</def>

<blockquote>Forgetting his <b>duty</b> toward God, his sovereign lord, and his country.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, any assigned service or business; <as>as, the <ex>duties</ex> of a policeman, or a soldier; to be on <ex>duty</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>With records sweet of <b>duties</b> done.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To employ him on the hardest and most imperative <b>duty</b>.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Duty</b> is a graver term than obligation. A <b>duty</b> hardly exists to do trivial things; but there may be an obligation to do them.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Specifically, obedience or submission due to parents and superiors.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Respect; reverence; regard; act of respect; homage.</def> "My <i>duty</i> to you."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>The efficiency of an engine, especially a steam pumping engine, as measured by work done by a certain quantity of fuel; usually, the number of pounds of water lifted one foot by one bushel of coal (94 lbs. old standard), or by 1 cwt. (112 lbs., England, or 100 lbs., United States).</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Tax, toll, impost, or customs; excise; any sum of money required by government to be paid on the importation, exportation, or consumption of goods.</def>

<note>&hand; An impost on land or other real estate, and on the stock of farmers, is not called a <i>duty</i>, but a <i>direct tax</i>. <mark>[U.S.]</mark></note>

<cs><col>Ad valorem duty</col>, <cd>a duty which is graded according to the cost, or market value, of the article taxed. See <er>Ad valorem</er>.</cd> -- <col>Specific duty</col>, <cd>a duty of a specific sum assessed on an article without reference to its value or market.</cd> -- <col>On duty</col>, <cd>actually engaged in the performance of one's assigned task.</cd></cs>

<h1>Duumvir</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Du*um"vir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Duumvirs</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Duumviri</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>duo</ets> two + <ets>vir</ets> man.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>One of two Roman officers or magistrates united in the same public functions.</def>

<h1>Duumviral</h1>
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<hw>Du*um"vi*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>duumviralis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or belonging to the duumviri or the duumvirate.</def>

<h1>Duumvirate</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Du*um"vi*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>duumviratus</ets>, fr. <ets>duumvir</ets>.]</ety> <def>The union of two men in the same office; or the office, dignity, or government of two men thus associated, as in ancient Rome.</def>

<h1>Dux</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dux</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., leader.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The scholastic name for the theme or subject of a fugue, the answer being called the <i>comes</i>, or companion.</def>

<h1>Duykerbok</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Duy"ker*bok</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>duiker</ets> diver + <ets>bok</ets> a buck, lit., diver buck. So named from its habit of diving suddenly into the bush.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small South African antelope (<spn>Cephalous mergens</spn>); -- called also <altname>impoon</altname>, and <altname>deloo</altname>.</def>

<h1>Duyoung</h1>
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<hw>Du*young"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dugong</er>.</def>

<h1>D valve</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>D" valve`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A kind of slide valve. See <cref>Slide valve</cref>, under <er>Slide</er>.</def>

<h1>Dvergr</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dver"gr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dvergar</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Dwarf</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scand. Myth.)</fld> <def>A dwarf supposed to dwell in rocks and hills and to be skillful in working metals.</def>

<h1>Dwale</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dwale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>dwale</ets>, <ets>dwole</ets>, deception, deadly nightshade, AS. <ets>dwala</ets>, <ets>dwola</ets>, error, doubt; akin to E. <ets>dull</ets>. See <er>Dull</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The deadly nightshade (<spn>Atropa Belladonna</spn>), having stupefying qualities.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The tincture sable or black when blazoned according to the fantastic system in which plants are substituted for the tinctures.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sleeping potion; an opiate.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Dwang</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dwang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>dwingen</ets> to force, compel.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A piece of wood set between two studs, posts, etc., to stiffen and support them.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A kind of crowbar.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A large wrench.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Dwarf</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dwarf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl <plw>Dwarfs</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>dwergh</ets>, <ets>dwerf</ets>, <ets>dwarf</ets>, AS. <ets>dweorg</ets>, <ets>dweorh</ets>; akin to D. <ets>dwerg</ets>, MHG. <ets>twerc</ets>, G. <ets>zwerg</ets>, Icel. <ets>dvergr</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>dverg</ets>; of unknown origin.]</ety> <def>An animal or plant which is much below the ordinary size of its species or kind; especially, a diminutive human being.</def>

<note>&hand; During the Middle Ages <i>dwarfs</i> as well as fools shared the favor of courts and the nobility.</note>

<note><i>Dwarf</i> is used adjectively in reference to anything much below the usual or normal size; as, <i>dwarf</i> tree; <i>dwarf</i> honeysuckle.</note>

<cs><col>Dwarf elder</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>danewort.</cd> -- <col>Dwarf wall</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a low wall, not as high as the story of a building, often used as a garden wall or fence.</cd></cs>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Dwarf</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dwarf</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dwarfed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dwarfing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To hinder from growing to the natural size; to make or keep small; to stunt.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>Even the most common moral ideas and affections . . . would be stunted and <b>dwarfed</b>, if cut off from a spiritual background.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dwarf</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dwarf</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become small; to diminish in size.</def>

<blockquote>Strange power of the world that, the moment we enter it, our great conceptions <b>dwarf</b>.
<i>Beaconsfield.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dwarfish</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dwarf"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a dwarf; below the common stature or size; very small; petty; <as>as, a <ex>dwarfish</ex> animal, shrub</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Dwarf"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Dwarf"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Dwarfling</h1>
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<hw>Dwarf"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A diminutive dwarf.</def>

<h1>Dwarfy</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dwarf"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Much undersized.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Waterhouse.</i>

<h1>Dwaul, Dwaule</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dwaul</hw>, <hw>Dwaule</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dull</er>, <er>Dwell</er>.]</ety> <def>To be delirious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Junius.</i>

<h1>Dwell</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dwell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dwelled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, usually contracted into <er>Dwelt</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dwelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>dwellen</ets>, <ets>dwelien</ets>, to err, linger, AS. <ets>dwellan</ets> to deceive, hinder, delay, <ets>dwelian</ets> to err; akin to Icel. <ets>dvelja</ets> to delay, tarry, Sw. <ets>dv\'84ljas</ets> to dwell, Dan. <ets>dv\'91le</ets> to linger, and to E. <ets>dull</ets>. See <er>Dull</er>, and cf. <er>Dwale</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To delay; to linger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To abide; to remain; to continue.</def>

<blockquote>I 'll rather <b>dwell</b> in my necessity.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thy soul was like a star and <b>dwelt</b> apart.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To abide as a permanent resident, or for a time; to live in a place; to reside.</def>

<blockquote>The parish in which I was born, <b>dwell</b>, and have possessions.
<i>Peacham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The poor man <b>dwells</b> in a humble cottage near the hall where the lord of the domain resides.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To dwell in</col>, <cd>to abide in (a place); hence, to depend on.</cd>  "My hopes <i>in<i> heaven to <i>dwell<i>." <i>Shak</i>. -- <mcol><col>To dwell on</col> &or; <col>upon</col></mcol>, <cd>to continue long on or in; to remain absorbed with; to stick to; to make much of; <as>as, to <ex>dwell upon<ex> a subject; a singer <ex>dwells on<ex> a note</as>.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>They stand at a distance, <b>dwelling on</b> his looks and language, fixed in amazement.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To inhabit; live; abide; sojourn; reside; continue; stay; rest.</syn>

<h1>Dwell</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dwell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inhabit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Dweller</h1>
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<hw>Dwell"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inhabitant; a resident; <as>as, a cave <ex>dweller</ex></as>.</def> "<i>Dwellers</i> at Jerusalem."

<i>Acts i. 19.</i>

<h1>Dwelling</h1>
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<hw>Dwell"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Habitation; place or house in which a person lives; abode; domicile.</def>

<blockquote>Hazor shall be a <b>dwelling</b> for dragons.
<i>Jer. xlix. 33.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>God will deign
To visit oft the <b>dwellings</b> of just men.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Philip's <b>dwelling</b> fronted on the street.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Dwelling house</col>, <cd>a house intended to be occupied as a residence, in distinction from a store, office, or other building.</cd> -- <col>Dwelling place</col>, <cd>place of residence.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dwelt</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dwelt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt><def>of <er>Dwell</er>.</def>

<h1>Dwindle</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dwin"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dwindled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dwindling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From OE. <ets>dwinen</ets> to languish, waste away, AS. <ets>dw\'c6nan</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>dwinen</ets>, D. <ets>dwijnen</ets> to vanish, Icel. <ets>dv\'c6na</ets> to cease, dwindle, Sw. <ets>tvina</ets>; of uncertain origin. The suffix <ets>-le</ets>, preceded by <ets>d</ets> excrescent after <ets>n</ets>, is added to the root with a diminutive force.]</ety> <def>To diminish; to become less; to shrink; to waste or consume away; to become degenerate; to fall away.</def>

<blockquote>Weary sennights nine times nine
Shall he <b>dwindle</b>, peak and pine.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Religious societies, though begun with excellent intentions,
are said to have <b>dwindled</b> into factious clubs.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dwindle</h1>
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<hw>Dwin"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make less; to bring low.</def>

<blockquote>Our drooping days are <b>dwindled</b> down to naught.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To break; to disperse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<h1>Dwindle</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dwin"dle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of dwindling; dwindlement; decline; degeneracy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Dwindlement</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dwin"dle*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of dwindling; a dwindling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Mrs. Oliphant.</i>

<h1>Dwine</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dwine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Dwindle</er>.]</ety> <def>To waste away; to pine; to languish.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Dyad</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy"ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dyas</ets>, <ets>dyadis</ets>, the number two. Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>dyade</ets>. See two, and cf. <er>Duad</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Two units treated as one; a couple; a pair.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An element, atom, or radical having a valence or combining power of two.</def>

<h1>Dyad</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy"ad</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having a valence or combining power of two; capable of being substituted for, combined with, or replaced by, two atoms of hydrogen; <as>as, oxygen and calcium are <ex>dyad</ex> elements</as>. See <er>Valence</er>.</def>

<h1>Dyadic</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy*ad"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ two.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the number two; of two parts or elements.</def>

<cs><col>Dyadic arithmetic</col>, <cd>the same as <i>binary arithmetic<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dyaks</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy"aks</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt><def>; <i>sing</i>. <er>Dyak</er>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> The aboriginal and most numerous inhabitants of Borneo. They are partially civilized, but retain many barbarous practices.</def>

<h1>Dyas</h1>
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<hw>Dy"as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dyas</ets> the number two.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A name applied in Germany to the Permian formation, there consisting of two principal groups.</def>

<h1>Dye</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dye</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Dyed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Dyeing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>deyan</ets>, <ets>dyen</ets>, AS. <ets>de\'a0gian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To stain; to color; to give a new and permanent color to, as by the application of dyestuffs.</def>

<blockquote>Cloth to be <b>dyed</b> of divers colors.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The soul is <b>dyed</b> by its thoughts.
<i>Lubbock.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To dye in the grain</col>, <col>To dye in the wool</col></mcol> (<mark>Fig.</mark>), <cd>to dye firmly; to imbue thoroughly.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>He might truly be termed a legitimate son of the revenue system <b>dyed in the wool</b>.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Stain</er>.</syn>

<h1>Dye</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dye</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Color produced by dyeing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Material used for dyeing; a dyestuff.</def>

<h1>Dye</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dye</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Die</er>, a lot.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Dyehouse</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dye"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A building in which dyeing is carried on.</def>

<h1>Dyeing</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dye"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process or art of fixing coloring matters permanently and uniformly in the fibers of wool, cotton, etc.</def>

<h1>Dyer</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose occupation is to dye cloth and the like.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Dyer's broom</col>, <col>Dyer's rocket</col>, <col>Dyer's weed</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>Dyer's broom</cref>, under <er>Broom</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dyestuff</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dye"stuff`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A material used for dyeing.</def>

<h1>Dyewood</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dye"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any wood from which coloring matter is extracted for dyeing.</def>

<h1>Dying</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the act of dying; destined to death; mortal; perishable; <as>as, <ex>dying</ex> bodies</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to dying or death; <as>as, <ex>dying</ex> bed; <ex>dying</ex> day; <ex>dying</ex> words; also, simulating a dying state.</as></def>

<h1>Dying</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of expiring; passage from life to death; loss of life.</def>

<h1>Dyingly</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dying manner; as if at the point of death.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Dyingness</h1>
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<hw>Dy"ing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of dying or the stimulation of such a state; extreme languor; languishment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Tenderness becomes me best, a sort of <b>dyingness</b>; you see that picture, Foible, -- a swimmingness in the eyes; yes, I'll look so.
<i>Congreve.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dyke</h1>
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<hw>Dyke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Dike</er>. The spelling <i>dyke</i> is restricted by some to the geological meaning.</def>

<h1>Dynactinometer</h1>
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<hw>Dy*nac`ti*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ power + E. <ets>actinometer</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the intensity of the photogenic (light-producing) rays, and computing the power of object glasses.</def>

<h1>Dynam</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy"nam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dyname</ets>. See <er>Dynamic</er>.]</ety> <def>A unit of measure for dynamical effect or work; a foot pound. See <er>Foot pound</er>.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Dynameter</h1>
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<hw>Dy*nam"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ power + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dynam\'8atre</ets>. Cf. <er>Dynamometer</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A dynamometer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>An instrument for determining the magnifying power of telescopes, consisting usually of a doubleimage micrometer applied to the eye end of a telescope for measuring accurately the diameter of the image of the object glass there formed; which measurement, compared with the actual diameter of the glass, gives the magnifying power.</def>

<h1>Dynametrical</h1>
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<hw>Dy`na*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a dynameter.</def>

<h1>Dynamic, Dynamical</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw><hw>Dy*nam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dy*nam"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ powerful, fr. <?/ power, fr. <?/ to be able; cf. L. <ets>durus</ets> hard, E. <ets>dure</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dynamique</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to dynamics; belonging to energy or power; characterized by energy or production of force.</def>

<blockquote>Science, as well as history, has its past to show, -- a past indeed, much larger; but its immensity is <b>dynamic</b>, not divine.
<i>J. Martineau.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The vowel is produced by phonetic, not by <b>dynamic</b>, causes.
<i>J. Peile.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating to physical forces, effects, or laws; <as>as, <ex>dynamical</ex> geology</as>.</def>

<blockquote>As natural science has become more <b>dynamic</b>, so has history.
<i>Prof. Shedd.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Dynamical electricity</col>. <cd>See under <er>Electricity</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Dynamically</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy*nam"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In accordance with the principles of dynamics or moving forces.</def>

<i>J. Peile.</i>

<h1>Dynamics</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy*nam"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That branch of mechanics which treats of the motion of bodies <fld>(kinematics)</fld> and the action of forces in producing or changing their motion <fld>(kinetics)</fld>. Dynamics is held by some recent writers to include <i>statics</i> and not <i>kinematics</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The moving moral, as well as physical, forces of any kind, or the laws which relate to them.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>That department of musical science which relates to, or treats of, the power of tones.</def>

<h1>Dynamism</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy"na*mism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dynamisme</ets>. See <er>Dynamics</er>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of Leibnitz, that all substance involves force.</def>

<h1>Dynamist</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy"na*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who accounts for material phenomena by a theory of dynamics.</def>

<blockquote>Those who would resolve matter into centers of force may be said to constitute the school of <b>dynamists</b>.
<i>Ward (Dyn. Sociol. ).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dynamitard</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy"na*mi`tard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A political dynamiter. <note>[A form found in some newspapers.]</note></def>

<h1>Dynamite</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy"na*mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ power. See <er>Dynamic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An explosive substance consisting of nitroglycerin absorbed by some inert, porous solid, as infusorial earth, sawdust, etc. It is safer than nitroglycerin, being less liable to explosion from moderate shocks, or from spontaneous decomposition.</def>

<h1>Dynamiter</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy"na*mi`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who uses dynamite; esp., one who uses it for the destruction of life and property.</def>

<h1>Dynamiting</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy"na*mi`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Destroying by dynamite, for political ends.</def>

<blockquote><b>Dynamiting</b> is not the American way.
<i>The Century.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dynamitism</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy"na*mi`tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The work of dynamiters.</def>

<h1>Dynamization</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy"na*mi*za`tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[Gr. <?/ power. See <er>Dynamic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Homeop.)</fld> <def>The act of setting free the dynamic powers of a medicine, as by shaking the bottle containing it.</def>

<h1>Dynamo</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy"na*mo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dynamo-electric machine.</def>

<h1>Dynamo-electric</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy`na*mo-e*lec"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ power + E. <ets>electric</ets>. See <er>Dynamic</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the development of electricity, especially electrical currents, by power; producing electricity or electrical currents by mechanical power.</def>

<h1>Dynamograph</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy*nam"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ power + <ets>-graph</ets>. See <er>Dynamic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A dynamometer to which is attached a device for automatically registering muscular power.</def>

<h1>Dynamometer</h1>
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<hw>Dy`na*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>dynamom\'8atre</ets>. See <er>Dynameter</er>.]</ety> <def>An apparatus for measuring force or power; especially, muscular effort of men or animals, or the power developed by a motor, or that required to operate machinery.</def>

<note>&hand; It usually embodies a spring to be compressed or weight to be sustained by the force applied, combined with an index, or automatic recorder, to show the work performed.</note>

<h1>Dynamometric, Dynamometrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Dy`na*mo*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dy`na*mo*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to a dynamometer, or to the measurement of force doing work; <as>as, <ex>dynamometrical</ex> instruments</as>.</def>

<h1>Dynamometry</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy`na*mom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or process of measuring forces doing work.</def>

<h1>Dynast</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy"nast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dynastes</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to be able or strong: cf. F. <ets>dynaste</ets>. See <er>Dynamic</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A ruler; a governor; a prince.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dynasty; a government.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Dynasta</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy*nas"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Dynast</er>.]</ety> <def>A tyrant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Dynastic</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy*nas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of a dynast, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>dunastique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to a dynasty or line of kings.</def>

<i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Dynastical</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy*nas"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dynastic.</def>

<h1>Dynastidan</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy*nas"ti*dan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fem. of <?/. See <er>Dynast</er>. The name alludes to the immense size of some species.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group of gigantic, horned beetles, including <i>Dynastus Neptunus</i>, and the Hercules beetle (<spn>D. Hercules</spn>) of tropical America, which grow to be six inches in length.</def>

<h1>Dynasty</h1>
<Xpage=463>

<hw>Dy"nas*ty</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Dynasties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ lordship, fr. <?/ to hold power or lordship, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>dynastie</ets> dynasty. See <er>Dynast</er>.]</ety>

<hr>
<page="464">
Page 464<p>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Sovereignty; lordship; dominion.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A race or succession of kings, of the same line or family; the continued lordship of a race of rulers.</def>

<h1>Dyne</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dyne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formed fr. Gr. <?/ power. See <er>Dynamic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The unit of force, in the C. G. S. (Centimeter Gram Second) system of physical units; that is, the force which, acting on a gram for a second, generates a velocity of a centimeter per second.</def>

<h1>Dys-</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>An inseparable prefix, fr. the Greek <?/ hard, ill, and signifying <i>ill</i>, <i>bad</i>, <i>hard</i>, <i>difficult</i>, and the like; cf. the prefixes, Skr. <i>dus</i>-, Goth. <i>tuz</i>-, OHG. <i>zur</i>-, G. <i>zer</i>-, AS. <i>to</i>-, Icel. <i>tor</i>-, Ir. <i>do</i>-.</def>

<h1>Dys\'91sthesia</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys`\'91s*the"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ ill, bad + <?/ to perceive, to feel.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Impairment of any of the senses, esp. of touch.</def>

<h1>Dyscrasia</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys*cra"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>dyscrasia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ bad + <?/ mixture, fr. <?/ to mix: cf. F. <ets>dycrasie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An ill habit or state of the constitution; -- formerly regarded as dependent on a morbid condition of the blood and humors.</def>

<h1>Dyscrasite</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys"cra*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bad + <?/ compound.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral consisting of antimony and silver.</def>

<h1>Dyscrasy</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys"cra*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Discrasies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Dycrasia.</def>

<blockquote>Sin is a cause of <b>dycrasies</b> and distempers.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dysenteric, Dysenterical</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw><hw>Dys`en*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dys`en*ter"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dysentericus</ets>, Gr. <?/; cf. F. <ets>dysent\'82rigue</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to dysentery; having dysentery; <as>as, a <ex>dysenteric</ex> patient</as>.</def> "<i>Dysenteric</i> symptoms."

<i>Copland.</i>

<h1>Dysentery</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys"en*ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dysenteria</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ ill, bad + <?/, pl. <?/, intestines, fr. <?/ within, fr. <?/ in, akin to E. <ets>in</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dysenterie</ets>. See <er>Dys</er>, and <er>In</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease attended with inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum, and characterized by griping pains, constant desire to evacuate the bowels, and the discharge of mucus and blood.</def>

<note>&hand; When acute, <i>dysentery</i> is usually accompanied with high fevers. It occurs epidemically, and is believed to be communicable through the medium of the alvine discharges.</note>

<h1>Dysgenesic</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys`ge*nes"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not procreating or breeding freely; <as>as, one race may be <ex>dysgenesic</ex> with respect to another</as>.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Dysgenesis</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dys-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A condition of not generating or breeding freely; infertility; a form homogenesis in which the hybrids are sterile among themselves, but are fertile with members of either parent race.</def>

<h1>Dyslogistic</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys`lo*gis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ill, bad, + <?/ discourse, fr. <?/ to speak.]</ety> <def>Unfavorable; not commendatory; -- opposed to <i>eulogistic</i>.</def>

<blockquote>There is no course of conduct for which <b>dyslogistic</b> or eulogistic epithets may be found.
<i>J. F. Stephen.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The paternity of <b>dyslogistic</b> -- no bantling, but now almost a centenarian -- is adjudged to that genius of common sense, Jeremy Bentham.
<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dysluite</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys"lu*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ill, hard + <?/ to loose, dissolve.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of the zinc spinel or gahnite.</def>

<h1>Dyslysin</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys"ly*sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ill, hard + <?/ a loosing.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A resinous substance formed in the decomposition of cholic acid of bile; -- so called because it is difficult to solve.</def>

<h1>Dysmenorrhea</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys*men`or*rhe"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ill, hard + <?/ month + <?/ to flow.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Difficult and painful menstruation.</def>

<h1>Dysnomy</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys"no*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ ill, bad + <?/ law.]</ety> <def>Bad legislation; the enactment of bad laws.</def>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Dysodile</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys"o*dile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.  <?/ ill smell, from <?/ ill-smelling; <?/ ill, bad + <?/ to smell.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An impure earthy or coaly bitumen, which emits a highly fetid odor when burning.</def>

<h1>Dyspepsia, Dyspepsy</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw><hw>Dys*pep"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dys*pep"sy</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>,<hw><ety>[L. <ets>dyspepsia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ hard to digest; <?/ ill, hard + <?/ to cook, digest; akin to E. <ets>cook</ets>: cf. F. <ets>dyspepsie</ets>. See <er>Dys-</er>, and 3d Cook.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of indigestion; a state of the stomach in which its functions are disturbed, without the presence of other diseases, or, if others are present, they are of minor importance. Its symptoms are loss of appetite, nausea, heartburn, acrid or fetid eructations, a sense of weight or fullness in the stomach, etc.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Dyspeptic, Dyspeptical</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw><hw>Dys*pep"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dys*pep"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to dyspepsia; having dyspepsia; <as>as, a <ex>dyspeptic</ex> or <ex>dyspeptical</ex> symptom</as>.</def>

<h1>Dyspeptic</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys*pep"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person afflicted with dyspepsia.</def>

<h1>Dyspeptone</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys*pep"tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dys-</ets> + <ets>peptone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An insoluble albuminous body formed from casein and other proteid substances by the action of gastric juice.</def>

<i>Meissner.</i>

<h1>Dysphagia, Dysphagy</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw><hw>Dys*pha"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dys"pha*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>dysphagia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ ill, hard + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Difficulty in swallowing.</def>

<h1>Dysphonia, Dysphony</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw><hw>Dys*pho"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dys"pho*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>dysphonia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ ill, hard + <?/ sound, voice: cf. F. <ets>dysphonie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A difficulty in producing vocal sounds; enfeebled or depraved voice.</def>

<h1>Dysphoria</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys*pho"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ hard to bear; <?/ ill, hard + <?/ to bear:  cf. F. <ets>dysphorie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Impatience under affliction; morbid restlessness; dissatisfaction; the fidgets.</def>

<h1>Dyspn</a</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dysp*n<?/"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ short of breath; pref. <?/ ill, hard + <?/, <?/, breathing, <?/ to blow, breathe: cf.  F. <ets>dyspn\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Difficulty of breathing.</def>

<h1>Dyspnoic</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dysp*no"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Affected with shortness of breath; relating to dyspn<?/a.</def>

<h1>Dysteleology</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys*te`le*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>dys-</ets> + <ets>teleology</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The doctrine of purposelessness; a term applied by Haeckel to that branch of physiology which treats of rudimentary organs, in view of their being useless to the life of the organism.</def>

<blockquote>To the doctrine of <b>dysteleology</b>, or the denial of final causes, a proof of the real existence of such a thing as instinct must necessarily be fatal.
<i>Word (Dynamic Sociology).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Dystocia</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys*to"ci*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ ill, hard + <?/ delivery.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Difficult delivery pr parturition.</def>

<h1>Dystome</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys"tome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr.  <?/ ill, hard + <?/ cutting, <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Cleaving with difficulty.</def>

<note>&hand; Datolite was called <i>dystome spar</i> by Mohs.</note>

<h1>Dysuria, Dysury</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw><hw>Dys*u"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dys"u*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>dysuria</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ urine: cf. F. <ets>dysurie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Difficult or painful discharge of urine.</def>

<h1>Dysuric</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dys*u"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>dysurique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or afflicted with, dysury.</def>

<h1>Dzeren, Dzeron</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw><hw>Dze"ren</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Dze"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Chinese yellow antelope (<spn>Procapra gutturosa</spn>), a remarkably swift-footed animal, inhabiting the deserts of Central Asia, Thibet, and China.</def>

<h1>Dziggetai</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Dzig"ge*tai</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The kiang, a wild horse or wild ass of Thibet (<spn>Asinus hemionus</spn>).</def>

<note>&hand; The name is sometimes applied also to the koulan or onager. See <er>Koulan</er>.</note>

<h1>E</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>E</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fifth letter of the English alphabet</def>. <note>It derives its form, name, and value from the Latin, the form and value being further derived from the Greek, into which it came from the Ph\'d2nician, and ultimately, probably, from the Egyptian. Its etymological relations are closest with the vowels <i>i</i>, <i>a</i>, and <i>o</i>, as illustrated by to f<i>a</i>ll, to f<i>e</i>ll; m<i>a</i>n, pl. m<i>e</i>n; dr<i>i</i>nk, dr<i>a</i>nk, dr<i>e</i>nch; d<i>i</i>nt, d<i>e</i>nt; d<i>oo</i>m, d<i>ee</i>m; g<i>oo</i>se, pl. g<i>ee</i>se; b<i>ee</i>f, OF. b<i>oe</i>f, L. b<i>o</i>s; and E. ch<i>ee</i>r, OF. ch<i>ie</i>re, LL. <i>ca</i>ra.</note>

<note>The letter <i>e</i> has in English several vowel sounds, the two principal being its long or name sound, as in <i>e</i>ve, m<i>e</i>, and the short, as in <i>e</i>nd, b<i>e</i>st. Usually at the end of words it is silent, but serves to indicate that the preceding vowel has its long sound, where otherwise it would be short, as in <i>m\'bene</i>, as in <i>c\'bene</i>, <i>m<?/te</i>, which without the final <i>e</i> would be pronounced <i>m<?/n</i>, <i>c<?/n</i>, <i>m<?/t</i>. After <i>c</i> and <i>g</i>, the final <i>e</i> indicates that these letters are to be pronounced as <i>s</i> and <i>j</i>; respectively, as in <i>lace</i>, <i>rage</i>.</note>

See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 74-97.

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>E is the third tone of the model diatonic scale. E&flat;  (E flat) is a tone which is intermediate between D and E.</def>

<h1>E-</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>E-</hw>. <def>A Latin prefix meaning <i>out</i>, <i>out of</i>, <i>from</i>; also, <i>without</i>. See <er>Ex-</er>.</def>

<h1>Each</h1>
<Xpage=464>

<hw>Each</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. &or; a. pron.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>eche</ets>, <ets>\'91lc</ets>, <ets>elk</ets>, <ets>ilk</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91lc</ets>; <ets>\'be</ets> always + <ets>gel\'c6c</ets> like; akin to OD. <ets>ieg<?/lik</ets>, OHG. <ets><?/ogil\'c6th</ets>, MHG. <ets>iegel\'c6ch</ets>. <?/<?/<?/<?/. See 3d <er>Aye</er>, <er>Like</er>, and cf. <er>Either</er>, <er>Every</er>, <er>Ilk</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Every one of the two or more individuals composing a number of objects, considered separately from the rest. It is used either with or without a following noun; <as>as, <ex>each</ex> of you or <ex>each</ex> one of you</as>.</def> "<i>Each</i> of the combatants."

<i>Fielding.</i>

<note>&hand; To <i>each</i> corresponds <i>other</i>. "Let <i>each</i> esteem <i>other</i> better than himself." <i>Each other</i>, used elliptically for <i>each the other</i>. It is our duty to assist <i>each other</i>; that is, it is our duty, <i>each</i> to assist the <i>other</i>, <i>each</i> being in the nominative and <i>other</i> in the objective case.</note>

<blockquote>It is a bad thing that men should hate <b>each</b> other; but it is far worse that they should contract the habit of cutting one another's throats without hatred.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let <b>each</b>
His adamantine coat gird well.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In <b>each</b> cheek appears a pretty dimple.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Then draw we nearer day by day,
<b>Each</b> to his brethren, all to God.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The oak and the elm have <b>each</b> a distinct character.
<i>Gilpin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Every; -- sometimes used interchangeably with <i>every</i>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>I know <b>each</b> lane and every alley green.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In short <b>each</b> man's happiness depends upon himself.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This use of <i>each</i> for <i>every</i>, though common in Scotland and in America, is now un-English.</note>

<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Every</er>.</syn>

<h1>Eachwhere</h1>
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<hw>Each"where`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Everywhere.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The sky <b>eachwhere</b> did show full bright and fair.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eadish</h1>
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<hw>Ead"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Eddish</er>.</def>

<h1>Eager</h1>
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<hw>Ea"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>egre</ets> sharp, sour, eager, OF. <ets>agre</ets>, <ets>aigre</ets>, F. <ets>aigre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>acer</ets> sharp, sour, spirited, zealous; akin to Gr. <?/ highest, extreme, Skr. <ets>a<?/ra</ets> point; fr. a root signifying <ets>to be sharp</ets>. Cf. <er>Acrid</er>, <er>Edge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Sharp; sour; acid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Like <i>eager</i> droppings into milk."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sharp; keen; bitter; severe.</def>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A nipping and an <i>eager</i> air."  "<i>Eager</i> words."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Excited by desire in the pursuit of any object; ardent to pursue, perform, or obtain; keenly desirous; hotly longing; earnest; zealous; impetuous; vehement; <as>as, the hounds were <ex>eager</ex> in the chase</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And gazed for tidings in my <b>eager</b> eyes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How <b>eagerly</b> ye follow my disgraces!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When to her <b>eager</b> lips is brought
Her infant's thrilling kiss.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A crowd of <b>eager</b> and curious schoolboys.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Conceit and grief an <b>eager</b> combat fight.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Brittle; inflexible; not ductile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Gold will be sometimes so <b>eager</b>, as artists call it, that it will as little endure the hammer as glass itself.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Earnest; ardent; vehement; hot; impetuous; fervent; intense; impassioned; zealous; forward.</syn>  <usage>See <er>Earnest</er>. -- <er>Eager</er>, <er>Earnest</er>. <i>Eager</i> marks an excited state of desire or passion; thus, a child is <i>eager</i> for a plaything, a hungry man is <i>eager</i> for food, a covetous man is <i>eager</i> for gain. Eagerness is liable to frequent abuses, and is good or bad, as the case may be. It relates to what is praiseworthy or the contrary. <i>Earnest</i> denotes a permanent state of mind, feeling, or sentiment. It is always taken in a good sense; <as>as, a preacher is <ex>earnest</ex> in his appeals to the conscience; an agent is <ex>earnest</ex> in his solicitations</as>.</usage>

<h1>Eager</h1>
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<hw>Ea"ger</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Eagre</er>.</def>

<h1>Eagerly</h1>
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<hw>Ea"ger*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an eager manner.</def>

<h1>Eagerness</h1>
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<hw>Ea"ger*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being eager; ardent desire.</def> "The <i>eagerness</i> of love."

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tartness; sourness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Ardor; vehemence; earnestness; impetuosity; heartiness; fervor; fervency; avidity; zeal; craving; heat; passion; greediness.</syn>

<h1>Eagle</h1>
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<hw>Ea"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>egle</ets>, F. <ets>aigle</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aquila</ets>; prob. named from its color, fr. <ets>aquilus</ets> dark-colored, brown; cf. Lith. <ets>aklas</ets> blind. Cf. <er>Aquiline</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any large, rapacious bird of the Falcon family, esp. of the genera <spn>Aquila</spn> and <spn>Hali\'91etus</spn>. The eagle is remarkable for strength, size, graceful figure, keenness of vision, and extraordinary flight. The most noted species are the golden eagle (<spn>Aquila chrysa\'89tus</spn>); the imperial eagle of Europe (<spn>A. mogilnik &or; imperialis</spn>); the American bald eagle (<spn>Hali\'91etus leucocephalus</spn>); the European sea eagle (<spn>H. albicilla</spn>); and the great harpy eagle (<spn>Thrasaetus harpyia</spn>). The figure of the eagle, as the king of birds, is commonly used as an heraldic emblem, and also for standards and emblematic devices. See <er>Bald eagle</er>, <er>Harpy</er>, and <er>Golden eagle</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gold coin of the United States, of the value of ten dollars.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A northern constellation, containing Altair, a star of the first magnitude. See <er>Aquila</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The figure of an eagle borne as an emblem on the standard of the ancient Romans, or so used upon the seal or standard of any people.</def>

<blockquote>Though the Roman <b>eagle</b> shadow thee.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Some modern nations, as the United States, and France under the Bonapartes, have adopted the eagle as their national emblem. Russia, Austria, and Prussia have for an emblem a double-headed eagle.</note>

<cs><col>Bald eagle</col>. <cd>See <er>Bald eagle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bold eagle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bold</er>.</cd> -- <col>Double eagle</col>, <cd>a gold coin of the United States worth twenty dollars.</cd> -- <col>Eagle hawk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, crested, South American hawk of the genus <spn>Morphnus</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Eagle owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any large owl of the genus <spn>Bubo</spn>, and allied genera; as the American great horned owl (<spn>Bubo Virginianus</spn>), and the allied European species (<spn>B. maximus</spn>). See <er>Horned owl</er>.</cd> -- <col>Eagle ray</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any large species of ray of the genus <spn>Myliobatis</spn> (esp. <spn>M. aquila</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Eagle vulture</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large West African bid (<spn>Gypohierax Angolensis</spn>), intermediate, in several respects, between the eagles and vultures.</cd></cs>

<h1>Eagle-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Ea"gle-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sharp-sighted as an eagle.</def> "Inwardly <i>eagle-eyed</i>."

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Eagle-sighted</h1>
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<hw>Ea"gle-sight`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Farsighted and strong-sighted; sharp-sighted.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<hr>
<page="465">
Page 465<p>

<h1>Eagless</h1>
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<hw>Ea"gless</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>aiglesse</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A female or hen eagle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Eaglestone</h1>
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<hw>Ea"gle*stone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A concretionary nodule of clay ironstone, of the size of a walnut or larger, so called by the ancients, who believed that the eagle transported these stones to her nest to facilitate the laying of her eggs; a\'89tites.</def>

<h1>Eaglet</h1>
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<hw>Ea"glet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>aiglet</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young eagle, or a diminutive eagle.</def>

<h1>Eagle-winged</h1>
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<hw>Ea"gle-winged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the wings of an eagle; swift, or soaring high, like an eagle.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Eaglewood</h1>
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<hw>Ea"gle*wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Skr. <ets>aguru</ets>, through Pg. <ets>aguila</ets>; cf. F. bois d'<ets>aigle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of fragrant wood. See <er>Agallochum</er>.</def>

<h1>Eagrass</h1>
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<hw>Ea"grass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Eddish</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Eagre</h1>
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<hw>Ea"gre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>e\'a0gor</ets>, <ets><?/gor</ets>, in comp., water, sea, <ets>e\'a0gor-stre\'a0m</ets> water stream, sea.]</ety> <def>A wave, or two or three successive waves, of great height and violence, at flood tide moving up an estuary or river; -- commonly called the <i>bore</i>. See <er>Bore</er>.</def>

<h1>Ealderman, Ealdorman</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eal"der*man</hw>, <hw>Eal"dor*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An alderman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Eale</h1>
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<hw>Eale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ale</er>.]</ety> <def>Ale.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Eame</h1>
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<hw>Eame</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>e\'a0m</ets>; akin to D. <ets>oom</ets>, G. <ets>ohm</ets>, <ets>oheim</ets>; cf. L. <ets>avunculus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Uncle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Ean</h1>
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<hw>Ean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>e\'a0nian</ets>. See <er>Yean</er>.]</ety> <def>To bring forth, as young; to yean.</def> "In <i>eaning</i> time."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Eanling</h1>
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<hw>Ean"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ean</er>, <er>Yeanling</er>.]</ety> <def>A lamb just brought forth; a yeanling.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ear</h1>
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<hw>Ear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>e\'a0re</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>\'a0re</ets>, <ets>\'a0r</ets>, OS. <ets><?/ra</ets>, D. <ets>oor</ets>, OHG. <ets><?/ra</ets>, G. <ets>ohr</ets>, Icel. <ets>eyra</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'94ra</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'94re</ets>, Goth. <ets>auso</ets>, L. <ets>auris</ets>, Lith. <ets>ausis</ets>, Russ. <ets>ukho</ets>, Gr. <?/; cf. L. <ets>audire</ets> to hear, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>av</ets> to favor , protect. Cf. <er>Auricle</er>, <er>Orillon</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The organ of hearing; the external ear.</def>

<note>&hand; In man and the higher vertebrates, the organ of hearing is very complicated, and is divisible into three parts: the external ear, which includes the <i>pinna</i> or <i>auricle</i> and <i>meatus</i> or external opening; the middle ear, drum, or <i>tympanum</i>; and the internal ear, or <i>labyrinth</i>. The middle ear is a cavity connected by the <i>Eustachian tube</i> with the pharynx, separated from the opening of the external ear by the <i>tympanic membrane</i>, and containing a chain of three small bones, or ossicles, named <i>malleus</i>, <i>incus</i>, and <i>stapes</i>, which connect this membrane with the internal ear. The essential part of the internal ear where the fibers of the auditory nerve terminate, is the <i>membranous labyrinth</i>, a complicated system of sacs and tubes filled with a fluid (the endolymph), and lodged in a cavity, called the <i>bony labyrinth</i>, in the periotic bone. The membranous labyrinth does not completely fill the bony labyrinth, but is partially suspended in it in a fluid (the perilymph). The bony labyrinth consists of a central cavity, the <i>vestibule</i>, into which three <i>semicircular canals</i> and the canal of the <i>cochlea</i> (spirally coiled in mammals) open. The vestibular portion of the membranous labyrinth consists of two sacs, the <i>utriculus</i> and <i>sacculus</i>, connected by a narrow tube, into the former of which three membranous semicircular canals open, while the latter is connected with a membranous tube in the cochlea containing the <i>organ of Corti</i>. By the help of the external ear the sonorous vibrations of the air are concentrated upon the tympanic membrane and set it vibrating, the chain of bones in the middle ear transmits these vibrations to the internal ear, where they cause certain delicate structures in the organ of Corti, and other parts of the membranous labyrinth, to stimulate the fibers of the auditory nerve to transmit sonorous impulses to the brain.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sense of hearing; the perception of sounds; the power of discriminating between different tones; <as>as, a nice <ex>ear</ex> for music</as>; -- in the singular only.</def>

<blockquote>Songs . . . not all ungrateful to thine <b>ear</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which resembles in shape or position the ear of an animal; any prominence or projection on an object, -- usually one for support or attachment; a lug; a handle; <as>as, the <ex>ears</ex> of a tub, a skillet, or dish</as>. The <i>ears</i> of a boat are outside kneepieces near the bow. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Bell</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Acroterium</er></def> <sd>(a)</sd>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Crossette</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Privilege of being kindly heard; favor; attention.</def>

<blockquote>Dionysius . . . would give no <b>ear</b> to his suit.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your <b>ears</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>About the ears</col>, <cd>in close proximity to; near at hand.</cd> -- <col>By the ears</col>, <cd>in close contest; as, to set <i>by the ears<i>; to fall together <i>by the ears<i>; to be <i>by the ears<i>.</cd> -- <col>Button ear</col> (in dogs), <cd>an ear which falls forward and completely hides the inside.</cd> -- <col>Ear finger</col>, <cd>the little finger.</cd> -- <col>Ear of Dionysius</col>, <cd>a kind of ear trumpet with a flexible tube; -- named from the Sicilian tyrant, who constructed a device to overhear the prisoners in his dungeons.</cd> -- <col>Ear sand</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>otoliths. See <er>Otolith</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ear snail</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any snail of the genus <spn>Auricula</spn> and allied genera.</cd> -- <col>Ear stones</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>otoliths. See <er>Otolith</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ear trumpet</col>, <cd>an instrument to aid in hearing. It consists of a tube broad at the outer end, and narrowing to a slender extremity which enters the ear, thus collecting and intensifying sounds so as to assist the hearing of a partially deaf person.</cd> -- <col>Ear vesicle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a simple auditory organ, occurring in many worms, mollusks, etc. It consists of a small sac containing a fluid and one or more solid concretions or otocysts.</cd> -- <col>Rose ear</col> (in dogs), <cd>an ear which folds backward and shows part of the inside.</cd> -- <col>To give ear to</col>, <cd>to listen to; to heed, as advice or one advising.</cd> "<i>Give ear unto<i> my song." <i>Goldsmith</i>. -- <col>To have one's ear</col>, <cd>to be listened to with favor.</cd> -- <col>Up to the ears</col>, <cd>deeply submerged; almost overwhelmed; as, to be in trouble <i>up to one's ears<i>.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Ear</h1>
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<hw>Ear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Eared</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Earing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To take in with the ears; to hear.</def> <mark>[Sportive]</mark> "I <i>eared</i> her language."

<i>Two Noble Kinsmen.</i>

<h1>Ear</h1>
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<hw>Ear</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ear</ets>; akin to D. <ets>aar</ets>, OHG. <ets>ahir</ets>, G. <ets>\'84hre</ets>, Icel., Sw., & Dan. <ets>ax</ets>, Goth. <ets>ahs</ets>. <ets><?/<?/<?/</ets>. Cf. <er>Awn</er>, <er>Edge</er>.]</ety> <def>The spike or head of any cereal  (as, wheat, rye, barley, Indian corn, etc.), containing the kernels.</def>

<blockquote>First the blade, then the <b>ear</b>, after that the full corn in the <b>ear</b>.
<i>Mark iv. 28.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ear</h1>
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<hw>Ear</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To put forth ears in growing; to form ears, as grain; <as>as, this corn <ex>ears</ex> well</as>.</def>

<h1>Ear</h1>
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<hw>Ear</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>erien</ets>, AS. <ets>erian</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>era</ets>, OHG. <ets>erran</ets>, MHG. <ets>eren</ets>, <ets>ern</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>aren</ets>, <ets>\'84ren</ets>, Icel. <ets>erja</ets>, Goth. <ets>arjan</ets>, Lith. <ets>arti</ets>, OSlav. <ets>orati</ets>, L. <ets>arare</ets>, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Arable</er>.]</ety> <def>To plow or till; to cultivate.</def> "To <i>ear</i> the land."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Earable</h1>
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<hw>Ear"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Arable; tillable.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Earache</h1>
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<hw>Ear"ache`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ache or pain in the ear.</def>

<h1>Earal</h1>
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<hw>Ear"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Receiving by the ear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hewyt.</i>

<h1>Ear-bored</h1>
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<hw>Ear"-bored`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the ear perforated.</def>

<h1>Earcap</h1>
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<hw>Ear"cap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cap or cover to protect the ear from cold.</def>

<h1>Earcockle</h1>
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<hw>Ear"coc`kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A disease in wheat, in which the blackened and contracted grain, or ear, is filled with minute worms.</def>

<h1>Eardrop</h1>
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<hw>Ear"drop`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pendant for the ear; an earring; <as>as, a pair of <ex>eardrops</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of primrose. See <er>Auricula</er>.</def>

<h1>Eardrum</h1>
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<hw>Ear"drum`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The tympanum. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Ear</er>.</def>

<h1>Eared</h1>
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<hw>Eared</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having (such or so many) ears; -- used in composition; <as>as, long-<ex>eared-eared</ex>; sharp-<ex>eared</ex>; full-<ex>eared</ex>; ten-<ex>eared</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having external ears; having tufts of feathers resembling ears.</def>

<cs><col>Eared owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an owl having earlike tufts of feathers, as the <i>long-eared owl<i>, and <i>short-eared owl<i>.</cd> -- <col>Eared seal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any seal of the family <spn>Otariid\'91</spn>, including the fur seals and hair seals. See <er>Seal</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Eariness</h1>
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<hw>Ear"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scotch <ets>ery</ets> or <ets>eiry</ets> affected with fear.]</ety> <def>Fear or timidity, especially of something supernatural.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>eiryness</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>The sense of <b>eariness</b>, as twilight came on.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Earing</h1>
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<hw>Ear"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A line used to fasten the upper corners of a sail to the yard or gaff; -- also called <i>head earing</i></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A line for hauling the reef cringle to the yard; -- also called <i>reef earing</i></def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A line fastening the corners of an awning to the rigging or stanchions.</def>

<h1>Earing</h1>
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<hw>Ear"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Coming into ear, as corn.</def>

<h1>Earing</h1>
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<hw>Ear"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A plowing of land.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Neither <b>earing</b> nor harvest.
<i>Gen. xlv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Earl</h1>
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<hw>Earl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>eorl</ets>, <ets>erl</ets>, AS. <ets>eorl</ets> man, noble; akin to OS. <ets>erl</ets> boy, man, Icel. <ets>jarl</ets> nobleman, count, and possibly to Gr. <?/ male, Zend <ets>arshan</ets> man. Cf. <er>Jarl</er>.]</ety> <def>A nobleman of England ranking below a marquis, and above a viscount. The rank of an earl corresponds to that of a <i>count</i> (<i>comte</i>) in France, and <i>graf</i> in Germany. Hence the wife of an earl is still called countess. See <er>Count</er>.</def>

<h1>Earl</h1>
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<hw>Earl</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The needlefish.</def> <mark>[Ireland]</mark>

<h1>Earlap</h1>
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<hw>Ear"lap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The lobe of the ear.</def>

<h1>Earldom</h1>
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<hw>Earl"dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>eorl-d<?/m</ets>; <ets>eorl</ets> man, noble + <ets>-d<?/m</ets> -dom.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The jurisdiction of an earl; the territorial possessions of an earl.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The status, title, or dignity of an earl.</def>

<blockquote>He [Pulteney] shrunk into insignificancy and an <b>earldom</b>.
<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Earldorman</h1>
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<hw>Earl"dor*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Alderman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Earlduck</h1>
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<hw>Earl"duck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The red-breasted merganser (<spn>Merganser serrator</spn>).</def>

<h1>Earles penny</h1>
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<hw>Earles" pen`ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Cf. <er>Arles</er>, 4th <er>Earnest</er>.]</ety> <def>Earnest money. Same as <er>Arles penny</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Earless</h1>
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<hw>Ear"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without ears; hence, deaf or unwilling to hear.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Earlet</h1>
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<hw>Ear"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ear</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <def>An earring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Ismaelites were accustomed to wear golden <b>earlets</b>.
<i>Judg. viii. 24 (Douay version).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Earliness</h1>
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<hw>Ear"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being early or forward; promptness.</def>

<h1>Earl marshal</h1>
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<hw>Earl" mar"shal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>An officer of state in England who marshals and orders all great ceremonials, takes cognizance of matters relating to honor, arms, and pedigree, and directs the proclamation of peace and war. The court of chivalry was formerly under his jurisdiction, and he is still the head of the herald's office or college of arms.</def>

<h1>Earlock</h1>
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<hw>Ear"lock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>e\'a0r-locca</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lock or curl of hair near the ear; a lovelock. See <er>Lovelock</er>.</def>

<h1>Early</h1>
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<hw>Ear"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>erli</ets>, <ets>erliche</ets>, AS. <ets><?/rl\'c6ce</ets>; <ets><?/r</ets> sooner + <ets>l\'c6c</ets> like. See <er>Ere</er>, and <er>Like</er>.]</ety> <def>Soon; in good season; seasonably; betimes; <as>as, come <ex>early</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Those that me <b>early</b> shall find me.
<i>Prov. viii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You must wake and call me <b>early</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Early</h1>
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<hw>Ear"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Earlier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Earliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>earlich</ets>. <?/<?/<?/<?/. See <er>Early</er>, <tt>adv.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In advance of the usual or appointed time; in good season; prior in time; among or near the first; -- opposed to <ant>late</ant>; <as>as, the <ex>early</ex> bird; an <ex>early</ex> spring; <ex>early</ex> fruit.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Early</b> and provident fear is the mother of safety.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The doorsteps and threshold with the <b>early</b> grass springing up about them.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Coming in the first part of a period of time, or among the first of successive acts, events, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Seen in life's <b>early</b> morning sky.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The forms of its <b>earlier</b> manhood.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>earliest</b> poem he composed was in his seventeenth summer.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Early English</col> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <cd>See the Note under <er>English</er>.</cd> -- <col>Early English architecture</col>, <cd>the first of the pointed or Gothic styles used in England, succeeding the Norman style in the 12th and 13th centuries.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Forward; timely; not late; seasonable.</syn>

<h1>Earmark</h1>
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<hw>Ear"mark`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mark on the ear of sheep, oxen, dogs, etc., as by cropping or slitting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mark for identification; a distinguishing mark.</def>

<blockquote>Money is said to have no <b>earmark</b>.
<i>Wharton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Flying, he [a slave] should be described by the rounding of his head, and his <b>earmark</b>.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A set of intellectual ideas . . . have <b>earmarks</b> upon them, no tokens of a particular proprietor.
<i>Burrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Earmark</h1>
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<hw>Ear"mark`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Earmarked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Earmarking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To mark, as sheep, by cropping or slitting the ear.</def>

<h1>Earn</h1>
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<hw>Earn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ern</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Earn</h1>
<Xpage=465>

<hw>Earn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Earned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Earning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>earnian</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>arn<?/n</ets> to reap, <ets>aran</ets> harvest, G. <ets>ernte</ets>, Goth. <ets>asans</ets> harvest, <ets>asneis</ets> hireling, AS. <ets>esne</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>\'94nn</ets> working season, work.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To merit or deserve, as by labor or service; to do that which entitles one to (a reward, whether the reward is received or not).</def>

<blockquote>The high repute
Which he through hazard huge must <b>earn</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To acquire by labor, service, or performance; to deserve and receive as compensation or wages; <as>as, to <ex>earn</ex> a good living; to <ex>earn</ex> honors or laurels.</as></def>

<blockquote>I <b>earn</b> that [what] I eat.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The bread I have <b>earned</b> by the hazard of my life or the sweat of my brow.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Earned run</col> <fld>(Baseball)</fld>, <cd>a run which is made without the assistance of errors on the opposing side.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Obtain</er>.</syn>

<h1>Earn</h1>
<Xpage=465>

<hw>Earn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Yearn</er>.]</ety> <def>To grieve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Earn</h1>
<Xpage=465>

<hw>Earn</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See 4th <er>Yearn</er>.]</ety> <def>To long; to yearn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And ever as he rode, his heart did <b>earn</b>
To prove his puissance in battle brave.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Earn</h1>
<Xpage=465>

<hw>Earn</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>irnan</ets> to run. <?/<?/<?/. See <er>Rennet</er>, and cf. <er>Yearnings</er>.]</ety> <def>To curdle, as milk.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Earnest</h1>
<Xpage=465>

<hw>Ear"nest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>eornost</ets>, <ets>eornest</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>ernust</ets>, G. <ets>ernst</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>orrosta</ets> battle, perh. akin to Gr. <?/ to excite, L. <ets>oriri</ets> to rise.]</ety> <def>Seriousness; reality; fixed determination; eagerness; intentness.</def>

<blockquote>Take heed that this jest do not one day turn to <b>earnest</b>.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And given in <b>earnest</b> what I begged in jest.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>In earnest</col>, <cd>serious; seriously; not in jest; earnestly.</cd></cs>

<h1>Earnest</h1>
<Xpage=465>

<hw>Ear"nest</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ardent in the pursuit of an object; eager to obtain or do; zealous with sincerity; with hearty endeavor; heartfelt; fervent; hearty; -- used in a good sense; <as>as, <ex>earnest</ex> prayers</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>earnest</b> advocate to plead for him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Intent; fixed closely; <as>as, <ex>earnest</ex> attention</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Serious; important.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They whom <b>earnest</b> lets do often hinder.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Eager; warm; zealous; ardent; animated; importunate; fervent; sincere; serious; hearty; urgent. See <er>Eager</er>.</syn>

<h1>Earnest</h1>
<Xpage=465>

<hw>Ear"nest</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To use in earnest.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>earnest</b> them [our arms] with men.
<i>Pastor Fido (1602).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Earnest</h1>
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<hw>Ear"nest</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. corrupted fr. F. <ets>arrhes</ets>, L. <ets>arra</ets>, <ets>arrha</ets>, <ets>arrhabo</ets>, Gr. <?/, of Semitic origin, cf. Heb. <ets><?/r\'bev<?/n</ets>; or perh. fr. W. <ets>ernes</ets>, akin to Gael. <ets>earlas</ets>, perh. fr. L. <ets>arra</ets>. Cf. <er>Arles</er>, <er>Earles penny</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Something given, or a part paid beforehand, as a pledge; pledge; handsel; a token of what is to come.</def>

<blockquote>Who hath also sealed us, and given the <b>earnest</b> of the Spirit in our hearts.
<i>2 Cor. i. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And from his coffers
Received the golden <b>earnest</b> of our death.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Something of value given by the buyer to the seller, by way of token or pledge, to bind the bargain and prove the sale.</def>

<i>Kent. Ayliffe. Benjamin.</i>

<cs><col>Earnest money</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>money paid as earnest, to bind a bargain or to ratify and prove a sale.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Earnest</er>, <er>Pledge</er>.</syn>  <usage>These words are here compared as used in their figurative sense. <i>Earnest</i> is not so strong as <i>pledge</i>. An <i>earnest</i>, like first fruits, gives assurance, or at least a high probability, that more is coming of the same kind; a <i>pledge</i>, like money deposited, affords security and ground of reliance for the future. Washington gave <i>earnest</i> of his talent as commander by saving his troops after Braddock's defeat; his fortitude and that of his soldiers during the winter at Valley Forge might rightly be considered a <i>pledge</i> of their ultimate triumph.</usage>

<h1>Earnestful</h1>
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<hw>Ear"nest*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Earnestly</h1>
<Xpage=465>

<hw>Ear"nest*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an earnest manner.</def>

<h1>Earnestness</h1>
<Xpage=465>

<hw>Ear"nest*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being earnest; intentness; anxiety.</def>

<blockquote>An honest <b>earnestness</b> in the young man's manner.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Earnful</h1>
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<hw>Earn"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Earn</er> to yearn.]</ety> <def>Full of anxiety or yearning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>P. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Earning</h1>
<Xpage=465>

<hw>Earn"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Earnings</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>That which is earned; wages gained by work or services; money earned; -- used commonly in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>As to the common people, their stock is in their persons and in their <b>earnings</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Earpick</h1>
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<hw>Ear"pick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instrument for removing wax from the ear.</def>

<h1>Ear-piercer</h1>
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<hw>Ear"-pier`cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The earwig.</def>

<h1>Earreach</h1>
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<hw>Ear"reach`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Earshot.</def>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Earring</h1>
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<hw>Ear"ring`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An ornament consisting of a ring passed through the lobe of the ear, with or without a pendant.</def>

<h1>Earsh</h1>
<Xpage=465>

<hw>Earsh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Arrish</er>.</def>

<h1>Ear-shell</h1>
<Xpage=465>

<hw>Ear"-shell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A flattened marine univalve shell of the genus <spn>Haliotis</spn>; -- called also <altname>sea-ear</altname>. See <er>Abalone</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="466">
Page 466<p>

<h1>Earshot</h1>
<Xpage=466>

<hw>Ear"shot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reach of the ear; distance at which words may be heard.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Earshrift</h1>
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<hw>Ear"shrift`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nickname for auricular confession; shrift.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cartwright.</i>

<h1>Earsore</h1>
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<hw>Ear"sore`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An annoyance to the ear.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The perpetual jangling of the chimes . . . is no small <b>earsore</b> <?/s.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ear-splitting</h1>
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<hw>Ear"-split`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deafening; disagreeably loud or shrill; <as>as, <ex>ear-splitting</ex> strains</as>.</def>

<h1>Earst</h1>
<Xpage=466>

<hw>Earst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>See <er>Erst</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Earth</h1>
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<hw>Earth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>eor<?/e</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>ertha</ets>, OFries. <ets>irthe</ets>, D. <ets>aarde</ets>, OHG. <ets>erda</ets>, G. <ets>erde</ets>, Icel. <ets>j\'94r<?/</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>jord</ets>, Goth. <ets>a\'c6rpa</ets>, OHG. <ets>ero</ets>, Gr. <?/, adv., to earth, and perh. to E. <ets>ear</ets> to plow.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The globe or planet which we inhabit; the world, in distinction from the sun, moon, or stars. Also, this world as the dwelling place of mortals, in distinction from the dwelling place of spirits.</def>

<blockquote>That law preserves the <b>earth</b> a sphere
And guides the planets in their course.
<i>S. Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In heaven, or <b>earth</b>, or under <b>earth</b>, in hell.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The solid materials which make up the globe, in distinction from the air or water; the dry land.</def>

<blockquote>God called the dry land <b>earth</b>.
<i>Gen. i. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He is pure air and fire, and the dull elements of <b>earth</b> and water never appear in him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The softer inorganic matter composing part of the surface of the globe, in distinction from the firm rock; soil of all kinds, including gravel, clay, loam, and the like; sometimes, soil favorable to the growth of plants; the visible surface of the globe; the ground; <as>as, loose <ex>earth</ex>; rich <ex>earth</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Give him a little <b>earth</b> for charity.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A part of this globe; a region; a country; land.</def>

<blockquote>Would I had never trod this English <b>earth</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Worldly things, as opposed to spiritual things; the pursuits, interests, and allurements of this life.</def>

<blockquote>Our weary souls by <b>earth</b> beguiled.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The people on the globe.</def>

<blockquote>The whole <b>earth</b> was of one language.
<i>Gen. xi. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any earthy-looking metallic oxide, as alumina, glucina, zirconia, yttria, and thoria.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A similar oxide, having a slight alkaline reaction, as lime, magnesia, strontia, baryta.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A hole in the ground, where an animal hides himself; <as>as, the <ex>earth</ex> of a fox</as>.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>They [ferrets] course the poor conies out of their <b>earths</b>.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Earth</i> is used either adjectively or in combination to form compound words; as, <i>earth</i> apple or <i>earth</i>-apple; <i>earth</i> metal or <i>earth</i>-metal; <i>earth</i> closet or <i>earth</i>-closet.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Adamic earth</col>, <col>Bitter earth</col>, <col>Bog earth</col>, <col>Chian earth</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Adamic</er>, <er>Bitter</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Alkaline earths</col>. <cd>See under <er>Alkaline</er>.</cd> -- <col>Earth apple</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A potato.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A cucumber.</cd> -- <col>Earth auger</col>, <cd>a form of auger for boring into the ground; -- called also <altname>earth borer</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Earth bath</col>, <cd>a bath taken by immersing the naked body in earth for healing purposes.</cd> -- <col>Earth battery</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>a voltaic battery the elements of which are buried in the earth to be acted on by its moisture.</cd> -- <col>Earth chestnut</col>, <cd>the pignut.</cd> -- <col>Earth closet</col>, <cd>a privy or commode provided with dry earth or a similar substance for covering and deodorizing the f\'91cal discharges.</cd> -- <col>Earth dog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a dog that will dig in the earth, or enter holes of foxes, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Earth hog</col>, <col>Earth pig</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the aard-vark.</cd> -- <col>Earth hunger</col>, <cd>an intense desire to own land, or, in the case of nations, to extend their domain.</cd> -- <col>Earth light</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the light reflected by the earth, as upon the moon, and corresponding to moonlight; -- called also <altname>earth shine</altname>.</cd> <i>Sir J. Herschel</i>. -- <col>Earth metal</col>. <cd>See 1st <er>Earth</er>, <p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld></cd> -- <col>Earth oil</col></mcol>, <cd>petroleum.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Earth pillars</col> &or; <col>pyramids</col></mcol> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>high pillars or pyramids of earth, sometimes capped with a single stone, found in Switzerland. <i>Lyell</i>.</cd> -- <col>Earth pitch</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>mineral tar, a kind of asphaltum.</cd> -- <col>Earth quadrant</col>, <cd>a fourth of the earth's circumference.</cd> -- <col>Earth table</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the lowest course of stones visible in a building; the ground table.</cd> -- <col>On earth</col>, <cd>an intensive expression, oftenest used in questions and exclamations; as, What <i>on earth<i> shall I do? Nothing <i>on earth<i> will satisfy him. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Earth</h1>
<Xpage=466>

<hw>Earth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Earthed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Earthing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To hide, or cause to hide, in the earth; to chase into a burrow or den.</def> "The fox is <i>earthed</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover with earth or mold; to inter; to bury; -- sometimes with <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The miser <b>earths</b> his treasure, and the thief,
Watching the mole, half beggars him ere noon.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Why this in <b>earthing</b> up a carcass?
<i>R. Blair.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Earth</h1>
<Xpage=466>

<hw>Earth</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To burrow.</def>

<i>Tickell.</i>

<h1>Earth</h1>
<Xpage=466>

<hw>Earth</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Ear</er> to plow.]</ety> <def>A plowing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Such land as ye break up for barley to sow,
Two <b>earths</b> at the least, ere ye sow it, bestow.
<i>Tusser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Earthbag</h1>
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<hw>Earth"bag`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A bag filled with earth, used commonly to raise or repair a parapet.</def>

<h1>Earthbank</h1>
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<hw>Earth"bank`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bank or mound of earth.</def>

<h1>Earthboard</h1>
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<hw>Earth"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>The part of a plow, or other implement, that turns over the earth; the moldboard.</def>

<h1>Earthborn</h1>
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<hw>Earth"born`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Born of the earth; terrigenous; springing originally from the earth; human.</def>

<blockquote>Some <b>earthborn</b> giant.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating to, or occasioned by, earthly objects.</def>

<blockquote>All <b>earthborn</b> cares are wrong.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Earthbred</h1>
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<hw>Earth"bred`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Low; grovelling; vulgar.</def>

<h1>Earthdin</h1>
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<hw>Earth"din`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An earthquake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Earthdrake</h1>
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<hw>Earth"drake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mythical monster of the early Anglo-Saxon literature; a dragon.</def>

<i>W. Spalding.</i>

<h1>Earthen</h1>
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<hw>Earth"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of earth; made of burnt or baked clay, or other like substances; <as>as, an <ex>earthen</ex> vessel or pipe</as>.</def>

<h1>Earthen-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Earth"en-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hard-hearted; sordid; gross.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Earthenware</h1>
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<hw>Earth"en*ware`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Vessels and other utensils, ornaments, or the like, made of baked clay. See <er>Crockery</er>, <er>Pottery</er>, <er>Stoneware</er>, and <er>Porcelain</er>.</def>

<h1>Earth flax</h1>
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<hw>Earth" flax`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of asbestus. See <er>Amianthus</er>.</def>

<h1>Earthfork</h1>
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<hw>Earth"fork`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pronged fork for turning up the earth.</def>

<h1>Earthiness</h1>
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<hw>Earth"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being earthy, or of containing earth; hence, grossness.</def>

<h1>Earthliness</h1>
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<hw>Earth"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being earthly; worldliness; grossness; perishableness.</def>

<h1>Earthling</h1>
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<hw>Earth"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Earth</ets> + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <def>An inhabitant of the earth; a mortal.</def>

<blockquote><b>Earthings</b> oft her deemed a deity.
<i>Drummond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Earthly</h1>
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<hw>Earth"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the earth; belonging to this world, or to man's existence on the earth; not heavenly or spiritual; carnal; worldly; <as>as, <ex>earthly</ex> joys; <ex>earthly</ex> flowers; <ex>earthly</ex> praise.</as></def>

<blockquote>This <b>earthly</b> load
Of death, called life.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whose glory is in their shame, who mind <b>earthly</b> things.
<i>Phil. iii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of all things on earth; possible; conceivable.</def>

<blockquote>What <b>earthly</b> benefit can be the result?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Made of earth; earthy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Gross; material; sordid; mean; base; vile; low; unsubstantial; temporary; corrupt; groveling.</syn>

<h1>Earthly</h1>
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<hw>Earth"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of the earth or its people; worldly.</def>

<blockquote>Took counsel from his guiding eyes
To make this wisdom <b>earthly</b> wise.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Earthly-minded</h1>
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<hw>Earth"ly-mind`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a mind devoted to earthly things; worldly-minded; -- opposed to <i>spiritual-minded</i>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Earth"ly-mind`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Earthmad</h1>
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<hw>Earth"mad`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Earth</ets> + <ets>mad</ets> an earthworm.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The earthworm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>earthmads</b> and all the sorts of worms . . . are without eyes.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Earthnut</h1>
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<hw>Earth"nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to various roots, tubers, or pods grown under or on the ground</def>; as to: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The esculent tubers of the umbelliferous plants <spn>Bunium flexuosum</spn> and <spn>Carum Bulbocastanum</spn></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The peanut. See <er>Peanut</er>.</def>

<h1>Earthpea</h1>
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<hw>Earth"pea`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of pea (<spn>Amphicarp\'91a monoica</spn>). It is a climbing leguminous plant, with hairy underground pods.</def>

<h1>Earthquake</h1>
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<hw>Earth"quake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shaking, trembling, or concussion of the earth, due to subterranean causes, often accompanied by a rumbling noise. The wave of shock sometimes traverses half a hemisphere, destroying cities and many thousand lives; -- called also <altname>earthdin</altname>, <altname>earthquave</altname>, and <altname>earthshock</altname>.</def><-- also temblor, tremor -->

<cs><col>Earthquake alarm</col>, <cd>a bell signal constructed to operate on the theory that a few seconds before the occurrence of an earthquake the magnet temporarily loses its power.</cd></cs>

<h1>Earthquake</h1>
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<hw>Earth"quake`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like, or characteristic of, an earthquake; loud; starling.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>earthquake</b> voice of victory.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Earthquave</h1>
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<hw>Earth"quave`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An earthquake.</def>

<h1>Earth shine</h1>
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<hw>Earth" shine`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <cref>Earth light</cref>, under <er>Earth</er>.</def>

<h1>Earthshock</h1>
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<hw>Earth"shock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An earthquake.</def>

<h1>Earthstar</h1>
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<hw>Earth"star`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A curious fungus of the genus <spn>Geaster</spn>, in which the outer coating splits into the shape of a star, and the inner one forms a ball containing the dustlike spores.</def>

<h1>Earth-tongue</h1>
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<hw>Earth"-tongue`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fungus of the genus <spn>Geoglossum</spn>.</def>

<h1>Earthward, Earthwards</h1>
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<hw><hw>Earth"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Earth"wards</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Toward the earth; -- opposed to <i>heavenward</i> or <i>skyward</i>.</def>

<h1>Earthwork</h1>
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<hw>Earth"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Any construction, whether a temporary breastwork or permanent fortification, for attack or defense, the material of which is chiefly earth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The operation connected with excavations and embankments of earth in preparing foundations of buildings, in constructing canals, railroads, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An embankment or construction made of earth.</def>

<h1>Earthworm</h1>
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<hw>Earth"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any worm of the genus <spn>Lumbricus</spn> and allied genera, found in damp soil. One of the largest and most abundant species in Europe and America is <spn>L. terrestris</spn>; many others are known; -- called also <altname>angleworm</altname> and <altname>dewworm</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mean, sordid person; a niggard.</def>

<i>Norris.</i>

<h1>Earthy</h1>
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<hw>Earth"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of, or resembling, earth; terrene; earthlike; <as>as, <ex>earthy</ex> matter</as>.</def>

<blockquote>How pale she looks,
And of an <b>earthy</b> cold!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All over <b>earthy</b>, like a piece of earth.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the earth or to, this world; earthly; terrestrial; carnal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Their <i>earthy</i> charge."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The first man is of the earth, <b>earthy</b>; the second man is from heaven. As is the earthy, such are they also that are <b>earthy</b>.
<i>1 Cor. xv. 47, 48 (Rev. Ver. )</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Earthy</b> spirits black and envious are.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Gross; low; unrefined.</def> "Her <i>earthy</i> and abhorred commands."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Without luster, or dull and roughish to the touch; <as>as, an <ex>earthy</ex> fracture</as>.</def>

<h1>Earwax</h1>
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<hw>Ear"wax`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cerumen</er>.</def>

<h1>Earwig</h1>
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<hw>Ear"wig`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>e\'a0rwicga</ets>; <ets>e\'a0re</ets> ear + <ets>wicga</ets> beetle, worm: cf. Prov. E. <ets>erri-wiggle</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any insect of the genus <spn>Forticula</spn> and related genera, belonging to the order Euplexoptera.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>In America, any small chilopodous myriapod, esp. of the genus <spn>Geophilus</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; Both insects are so called from the supposition that they creep into the human ear.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A whisperer of insinuations; a secret counselor.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Earwig</h1>
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<hw>Ear"wig`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Earwigged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Earwigging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To influence, or attempt to influence, by whispered insinuations or private talk.</def> "No longer was he <i>earwigged</i> by the Lord Cravens."

<i>Lord Campbell.</i>

<h1>Earwitness</h1>
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<hw>Ear"wit`ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A witness by means of his ears; one who is within hearing and does hear; a hearer.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Ease</h1>
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<hw>Ease</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ese</ets>, <ets>eise</ets>, F. <ets>aise</ets>; akin to Pr. <ets>ais</ets>, <ets>aise</ets>, OIt. <ets>asio</ets>, It. <ets>agio</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. L. <ets>ansa</ets> handle, occasion, opportunity. Cf. <er>Agio</er>, <er>Disease</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Satisfaction; pleasure; hence, accommodation; entertainment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They him besought
Of harbor and or <b>ease</b> as for hire penny.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Freedom from anything that pains or troubles; as: <sd>(a)</sd> Relief from labor or effort; rest; quiet; relaxation; <as>as, <ex>ease</ex> of body</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Usefulness comes by labor, wit by <b>ease</b>.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Give yourself <b>ease</b> from the fatigue of watching.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Freedom from care, solicitude, or anything that annoys or disquiets; tranquillity; peace; comfort; security; as, <i>ease</i> of mind</def>.

<blockquote>Among these nations shalt thou find no <b>ease</b>.
<i>Deut. xxviii. 65.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Take thine <b>ease</b>, eat, drink, and be merry.
<i>Luke xii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Freedom from constraint, formality, difficulty, embarrassment, etc.; facility; liberty; naturalness; -- said of manner, style, etc.; <as>as, <ex>ease</ex> of style, of behavior, of address</as>.</def>

<blockquote>True <b>ease</b> in writing comes from art, not chance.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whate'er he did was done with so much <b>ease</b>,
In him alone 't was natural to please.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>At ease</col>, <cd>free from pain, trouble, or anxiety. "His soul shall dwell <i>at ease<i>." <i>Ps. xxv. 12.</i></cd> -- <col>Chapel of ease</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chapel</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ill at ease</col>, <cd>not at ease, disquieted; suffering; anxious.</cd> -- <col>To stand at ease</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to stand in a comfortable attitude in one's place in the ranks.</cd> -- <col>With ease</col>, <cd>easily; without much effort.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Rest; quiet; repose; comfortableness; tranquility; facility; easiness; readiness.</syn>

<h1>Ease</h1>
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<hw>Ease</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. &  i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Eased</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Easing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>esen</ets>, <ets>eisen</ets>, OF. <ets>aisier</ets>. See <er>Ease</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To free from anything that pains, disquiets, or oppresses; to relieve from toil or care; to give rest, repose, or tranquility to; -- often with <i>of</i>; <as>as, to <ex>ease</ex> of pain; <ex>ease</ex> the body or mind.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Eased</b> [from] the putting off
These troublesome disguises which we wear.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sing, and I 'll <b>ease</b> thy shoulders of thy load.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To render less painful or oppressive; to mitigate; to alleviate.</def>

<blockquote>My couch shall <b>ease</b> my complaint.
<i>Job vii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To release from pressure or restraint; to move gently; to lift slightly; to shift a little; <as>as, to <ex>ease</ex> a bar or nut in machinery</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To entertain; to furnish with accommodations.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>To ease off</col>, <col>To ease away</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to slacken a rope gradually.</cd> -- <col>To ease a ship</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to put the helm hard, or regulate the sail, to prevent pitching when closehauled.</cd> -- <col>To ease the helm</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to put the helm more nearly amidships, to lessen the effect on the ship, or the strain on the wheel rope.</cd></cs>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To relieve; disburden; quiet; calm; tranquilize; assuage; alleviate; allay; mitigate; appease; pacify.</syn>

<h1>Easeful</h1>
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<hw>Ease"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of ease; suitable for affording ease or rest; quiet; comfortable; restful.</def> <i>Shak</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ease"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ease"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Easel</h1>
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<hw>Ea"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>ezel</ets> ass, donkey, hence, easel, or G. <ets>esel</ets>; akin to E. <ets>ass</ets>. See <er>Ass</er>.]</ety> <def>A frame (commonly) of wood serving to hold a canvas upright, or nearly upright, for the painter's convenience or for exhibition.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Easel picture</col>, <col>Easel piece</col></mcol>, <cd>a painting of moderate size such as is made while resting on an easel, as distinguished from a painting on a wall or ceiling.</cd></cs>

<h1>Easeless</h1>
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<hw>Ease"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without ease.</def>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Easement</h1>
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<hw>Ease"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aisement</ets>. See <er>Ease</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which gives ease, relief, or assistance; convenience; accommodation.</def>

<blockquote>In need of every kind of relief and <b>easement</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A liberty, privilege, or advantage, which one proprietor has in the estate of another proprietor, distinct from the ownership of the soil, as a way, water course, etc. It is a species of what the civil law calls <i>servitude</i>.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A curved member instead of an abrupt change of direction, as in a baseboard, hand rail, etc.</def>

<h1>Easily</h1>
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<hw>Eas"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Easy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>With ease; without difficulty or much effort; <as>as, this task may be <ex>easily</ex> performed; that event might have been <ex>easily</ex> foreseen.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without pain, anxiety, or disturbance; <as>as, to pass life well and <ex>easily</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Readily; without reluctance; willingly.</def>

<blockquote>Not soon provoked, she <b>easily</b> forgives.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="467">
Page 467<p>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Smoothly; quietly; gently; gracefully; without <?/umult or discord.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Without shaking or jolting; commodiously; <as>as, a carriage moves <ex>easily</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Easiness</h1>
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<hw>Eas"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or condition of being easy; freedom from distress; rest.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Freedom from difficulty; ease; as the <i>easiness</i> of a task.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Freedom from emotion; compliance; disposition to yield without opposition; unconcernedness.</def>

<blockquote>Give to him, and he shall but laugh at your <b>easiness</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Freedom from effort, constraint, or formality; -- said of style, manner, etc.</def>

<blockquote>With painful care, but seeming <b>easiness</b>.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Freedom from jolting, jerking, or straining.</def>

<h1>East</h1>
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<hw>East</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>est</ets>, <ets>east</ets>, AS. <ets>e\'a0st</ets>; akin to D. <ets>oost</ets>, <ets>oosten</ets>, OHG. <ets><?/stan</ets>, G. <ets>ost</ets>, <ets>osten</ets>, Icel. <ets>austr</ets>, Sw. <ets>ost</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'94st</ets>, <ets>\'94sten</ets>, Lith. <ets>auszra</ets> dawn, L. <ets>aurora</ets> (for <ets>ausosa</ets>), Gr. <?/, <?/, <?/, Skr. <ets>ushas</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>ush</ets> to burn, L. <ets>urere</ets>. <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Aurora</er>, <er>Easter</er>, <er>Sterling</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The point in the heavens where the sun is seen to rise at the equinox, or the corresponding point on the earth; that one of the four cardinal points of the compass which is in a direction at right angles to that of north and south, and which is toward the right hand of one who faces the north; the point directly opposite to the west.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>east</b> began kindle.
<i>E. Everett.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The eastern parts of the earth; the regions or countries which lie east of Europe; the orient. In this indefinite sense, the word is applied to Asia Minor, Syria, Chaldea, Persia, India, China, etc.; <as>as, the riches of the <ex>East</ex>; the diamonds and pearls of the <ex>East</ex>; the kings of the <ex>East</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The gorgeous <b>East</b>, with richest hand,
Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(U. S. Hist. and Geog.)</fld> <def>Formerly, the part of the United States east of the Alleghany Mountains, esp. the Eastern, or New England, States; now, commonly, the whole region east of the Mississippi River, esp. that which is north of Maryland and the Ohio River; -- usually with the definite article; <as>as, the commerce of the <ex>East</ex> is not independent of the agriculture of the West</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>East by north</col>, <col>East by south</col></mcol>, <cd>according to the notation of the mariner's compass, that point which lies 11<?/<?/ to the north or south, respectively, of the point due east.</cd> -- <mcol><col>East-northeast</col>, <col>East-southeast</col></mcol>, <cd>that which lie 22<?/<?/ to the north or south of east, or half way between east and northeast or southeast, respectively. See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Compass</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>East</h1>
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<hw>East</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Toward the rising sun; or toward the point where the sun rises when in the equinoctial; <as>as, the <ex>east</ex> gate; the <ex>east</ex> border; the <ex>east</ex> side; the <ex>east</ex> wind is a wind that blows from the east.</as></def>

<h1>East</h1>
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<hw>East</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Eastward.</def>

<h1>East</h1>
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<hw>East</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To move toward the east; to veer from the north or south toward the east; to orientate.</def>

<h1>Easter</h1>
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<hw>Eas"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>e\'a0ster</ets>, <ets>e\'a0stran</ets>, paschal feast, Easter; akin to G. <ets>ostern</ets>; fr. AS. <ets>E\'a0stre</ets>, a goddess of light or spring, in honor of whom a festival was celebrated in April; whence this month was called in AS. <ets>E\'a0sterm<?/na<?/</ets>. From the root of E. <ets>east</ets>. See <er>East</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An annual church festival commemorating Christ's resurrection, and occurring on Sunday, the second day after Good Friday. It corresponds to the pasha or passover of the Jews, and most nations still give it this name under the various forms of <i>pascha</i>, <i>pasque</i>, <i>p\'83que</i>, or <i>pask</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The day on which the festival is observed; Easter day.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Easter</i> is used either adjectively or as the first element of a compound; as, <i>Easter</i> day or <i>Easter</i>-day, <i>Easter</i> Sunday, <i>Easter</i> week, <i>Easter</i> gifts.</note>

<blockquote>Sundays by thee more glorious break,
An <b>Easter</b> day in every week.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Easter day</i>, on which the rest of the movable feasts depend, is always the first Sunday after the fourteenth day of the calendar moon which (fourteenth day) falls on, or next after, the 21st of March, according to the rules laid down for the construction of the calendar; so that if the fourteenth day happen on a Sunday, Easter day is the Sunday after.</note>

<i>Eng. Cyc.</i>

<cs><col>Easter dues</col> <fld>(Ch. of Eng.)</fld>, <cd>money due to the clergy at Easter, formerly paid in communication of the tithe for personal labor and subject to exaction. For <i>Easter dues<i>, Easter offerings, voluntary gifts, have been substituted.</cd> -- <col>Easter egg</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A painted or colored egg used as a present at Easter.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An imitation of an egg, in sugar or some fine material, sometimes made to serve as a box for jewelry or the like, used as an Easter present.</cd></cs>

<h1>Easter</h1>
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<hw>East"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To veer to the east; -- said of the wind.</def>

<i>Russell.</i>

<h1>Easterling</h1>
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<hw>East"er*ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Sterling</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A native of a country eastward of another; -- used, by the English, of traders or others from the coasts of the Baltic.</def>

<blockquote>Merchants of Norway, Denmark, . . . called . . . <b>Easterlings</b> because they lie east in respect of us.
<i>Holinshed.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of money coined in the east by Richard II. of England.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The smew.</def>

<h1>Easterling</h1>
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<hw>East"er*ling</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the money of the Easterlings, or Baltic traders. See <er>Sterling</er>.</def>

<h1>Easterly</h1>
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<hw>East"er*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Coming from the east; <as>as, it was <ex>easterly</ex> wind</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Situated, directed, or moving toward the east; <as>as, the <ex>easterly</ex> side of a lake; an <ex>easterly</ex> course or voyage.</as></def>

<h1>Easterly</h1>
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<hw>East"er*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Toward, or in the direction of, the east.</def>

<h1>Eastern</h1>
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<hw>East"ern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>e\'a0stern</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Situated or dwelling in the east; oriental; <as>as, an <ex>eastern</ex> gate; <ex>Eastern</ex> countries.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Eastern</b> churches first did Christ embrace.
<i>Stirling.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Going toward the east, or in the direction of east; <as>as, an <ex>eastern</ex> voyage</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Eastern Church</col>. <cd>See <cref>Greek Church</cref>, under <er>Greek</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Easternmost</h1>
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<hw>East"ern*most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Most eastern.</def>

<h1>East Indian</h1>
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<hw>East" In"di*an</hw> <tt>(?; see <er>Indian</er>)</tt>. <def>Belonging to, or relating to, the East Indies.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of, or a dweller in, the East Indies.</def></def2>

<h1>Easting</h1>
<Xpage=467>

<hw>East"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut. & Surv.)</fld> <def>The distance measured toward the east between two meridians drawn through the extremities of a course; distance of departure eastward made by a vessel.</def>

<h1>East-insular</h1>
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<hw>East`-in"su*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the Eastern Islands; East Indian.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ogilvie.</i>

<h1>Eastward, Eastwards</h1>
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<hw><hw>East"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>East"wards</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Toward the east; in the direction of east from some point or place; <as>as, New Haven lies <ex>eastward</ex> from New York</as>.</def>

<h1>Easy</h1>
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<hw>Eas"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Easier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Easiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>aisi\'82</ets>, F. <ets>ais\'82</ets>, prop. p. p. of OF. <ets>aisier</ets>. See <er>Ease</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>At ease; free from pain, trouble, or constraint; as: <sd>(a)</sd> Free from pain, distress, toil, exertion, and the like; quiet; <as>as, the patient is <ex>easy</ex></as>. <sd>(b)</sd> Free from care, responsibility, discontent, and the like; not anxious; tranquil; <as>as, an <ex>easy</ex> mind</as>. <sd>(c)</sd> Free from constraint, harshness, or formality; unconstrained; smooth; <as>as, <ex>easy</ex> manners; an <ex>easy</ex> style.</as></def> "The <i>easy</i> vigor of a line.</def>"

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not causing, or attended with, pain or disquiet, or much exertion; affording ease or rest; <as>as, an <ex>easy</ex> carriage; a ship having an <ex>easy</ex> motion; <ex>easy</ex> movements, as in dancing</as>.</def> "<i>Easy</i> ways to die."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not difficult; requiring little labor or effort; slight; inconsiderable; <as>as, an <ex>easy</ex> task; an <ex>easy</ex> victory.</as></def>

<blockquote>It were an <b>easy</b> leap.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Causing ease; giving freedom from care or labor; furnishing comfort; commodious; <as>as, <ex>easy</ex> circumstances; an <ex>easy</ex> chair or cushion.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Not making resistance or showing unwillingness; tractable; yielding; complying; ready.</def>

<blockquote>He gained their <b>easy</b> hearts.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He is too tyrannical to be an <b>easy</b> monarch.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Moderate; sparing; frugal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Not straitened as to money matters; <as>as, the market is <ex>easy</ex></as>; -- opposed to <i>tight</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Honors are easy</col> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld>, <cd>said when each side has an equal number of honors, in which case they are not counted as points.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Quiet; comfortable; manageable; tranquil; calm; facile; unconcerned.</syn>

<h1>Easy-chair</h1>
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<hw>Eas"y-chair`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An armichair for ease or repose.</def> "Laugh . . . in Rabelais' <i>easy-chair</i>."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Easy-going</h1>
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<hw>Eas"y-go`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Moving easily; hence, mild-tempered; ease-loving; inactive.</def>

<h1>Eat</h1>
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<hw>Eat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Ate</er> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <mark>Obsolescent & Colloq</mark>. <er>Eat</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Eaten</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>Obs. or Colloq</mark>. <er>Eat</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Eating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>eten</ets>, AS. <ets>etan</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>etan</ets>, OFries. <ets>eta</ets>, D. <ets>eten</ets>, OHG. <ets>ezzan</ets>, G. <ets>essen</ets>, Icel. <ets>eta</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'84ta</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'91de</ets>, Goth. <ets>itan</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>ith</ets>, W. <ets>ysu</ets>, L. <ets>edere</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>ad</ets>. <?/<?/. Cf. <er>Etch</er>, <er>Fret</er> to rub, <er>Edible</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To chew and swallow as food; to devour; -- said especially of food not liquid; <as>as, to <ex>eat</ex> bread</as>.</def> "To <i>eat</i> grass as oxen."

<i>Dan. iv. 25.</i>

<blockquote>They . . . <b>ate</b> the sacrifices of the dead.
<i>Ps. cvi. 28.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The lean . . . did <b>eat</b> up the first seven fat kine.
<i>Gen. xli. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The lion had not <b>eaten</b> the carcass.
<i>1 Kings xiii. 28.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With stories told of many a feat,
How fairy Mab junkets <b>eat</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The island princes overbold
Have <b>eat</b> our substance.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His wretched estate is <b>eaten</b> up with mortgages.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To corrode, as metal, by rust; to consume the flesh, as a cancer; to waste or wear away; to destroy gradually; to cause to disappear.</def>

<cs><col>To eat humble pie</col>. <cd>See under <er>Humble</er>.</cd> -- <col>To eat of</col> <cd>(<mark>partitive use</mark>).</cd> "<i>Eat of<i> the bread that can not waste." <i>Keble</i>. -- <col>To eat one's words</col>, <cd>to retract what one has said.</cd> (See the Citation under <er>Blurt</er>.) -- <col>To eat out</col>, <cd>to consume completely. "<i>Eat out<i> the heart and comfort of it."  <i>Tillotson</i>.</cd> -- <col>To eat the wind out of a vessel</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to gain slowly to windward of her.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To consume; devour; gnaw; corrode.</syn>

<h1>Eat</h1>
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<hw>Eat</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take food; to feed; especially, to take solid, in distinction from liquid, food; to board.</def>

<blockquote>He did <b>eat</b> continually at the king's table.
<i>2 Sam. ix. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To taste or relish; <as>as, it <ex>eats</ex> like tender beef</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make one's way slowly.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To eat</col>, <col>To eat in</col> &or; <col>into</col></mcol>, <cd>to make way by corrosion; to gnaw; to consume. "A sword laid by, which <i>eats into<i> itself." <i>Byron</i>.</cd> -- <col>To eat to windward</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to keep the course when closehauled with but little steering; -- said of a vessel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Eatable</h1>
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<hw>Eat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being eaten; fit to be eaten; proper for food; esculent; edible.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Something fit to be eaten.</def></def2>

<h1>Eatage</h1>
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<hw>Eat"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Eatable growth of grass for horses and cattle, esp. that of aftermath.</def>

<h1>Eater</h1>
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<hw>Eat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, eats.</def>

<h1>Eath</h1>
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<hw>Eath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>e\'a0<?/e</ets>.]</ety> <def>Easy or easily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Eath</i> to move with plaints."

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Eating</h1>
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<hw>Eat"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of tasking food; the act of consuming or corroding.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something fit to be eaten; food; <as>as, a peach is good <ex>eating</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Eating house</col>, <cd>a house where cooked provisions are sold, to be eaten on the premises.</cd></cs>

<h1>Eau de Cologne</h1>
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<hw>Eau` de Co*logne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>eau</ets> water (L. <ets>aqua</ets>) +  <ets>de</ets> of + <ets>Cologne</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Cologne</er>.</def>

<h1>Eau de vie</h1>
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<hw>Eau` de vie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., water of life; <ets>eau</ets> (L. <ets>aqua</ets>) water  + <ets>de</ets> of + <ets>vie</ets> (L. <ets>vita</ets>) life.]</ety> <def>French name for brandy. Cf. <i>Aqua vit\'91</i>, under <er>Aqua</er>.</def>

<i>Bescherelle.</i>

<h1>Eavedrop</h1>
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<hw>Eave"drop`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A drop from the eaves; eavesdrop.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Eaves</h1>
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<hw>Eaves</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>evese</ets>, pl. <ets>eveses</ets>, AS. <ets>efese</ets> eaves, brim, brink; akin to OHG. <ets>obisa</ets>, <ets>opasa</ets>, porch, hall, MHG. <ets>obse</ets> eaves, Icel. <ets>ups</ets>, Goth. <ets>ubizwa</ets> porch; cf. Icel. <ets>upsar</ets>-dropi, OSw. <ets>ops\'84</ets>-drup water dropping from the eaves. Probably from the root of E. <ets>over</ets>. The <ets>s</ets> of <ets>eaves</ets> is in English regarded as a plural ending, though not so in Saxon. See <er>Over</er>, and cf. <er>Eavesdrop</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The edges or lower borders of the roof of a building, which overhang the walls, and cast off the water that falls on the roof.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Brow; ridge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Eaves</i> of the hill."

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Eyelids or eyelashes.</def>

<blockquote>And closing <b>eaves</b> of wearied eyes.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Eaves board</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an arris fillet, or a thick board with a feather edge, nailed across the rafters at the eaves of a building, to raise the lower course of slates a little, or to receive the lowest course of tiles; -- called also <altname>eaves catch</altname> and <altname>eaves lath</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Eaves channel</col>, <col>Eaves gutter</col>, <col>Eaves trough</col></mcol>. <cd>Same as <er>Gutter</er>, <p><b>1.</b></cd> -- <col>Eaves molding</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a molding immediately below the eaves, acting as a cornice or part of a cornice.</cd> -- <col>Eaves swallow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The cliff swallow; -- so called from its habit of building retort-shaped nests of mud under the eaves of buildings. See <cref>Cliff swallow</cref>, under <er>Cliff</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The European swallow.</cd></cs>

<h1>Eavesdrop</h1>
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<hw>Eaves"drop`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Eaves</ets> + <ets>drop</ets>.]</ety> <def>To stand under the eaves, near a window or at the door, of a house, to listen and learn what is said within doors; hence, to listen secretly to what is said in private.</def>

<blockquote>To eavesdrop in disguises.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eavesdrop</h1>
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<hw>Eaves"drop`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The water which falls in drops from the eaves of a house.</def>

<h1>Eavesdropper</h1>
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<hw>Eaves"drop`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who stands under the eaves, or near the window or door of a house, to listen; hence, a secret listener.</def>

<h1>Eavesdropping</h1>
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<hw>Eaves"drop`ping</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The habit of lurking about dwelling houses, and other places where persons meet fro private intercourse, secretly listening to what is said, and then tattling it abroad. The offense is indictable at common law.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Ebb</h1>
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<hw>Ebb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European bunting.</def>

<h1>Ebb</h1>
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<hw>Ebb</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ebba</ets>; akin to Fries. <ets>ebba</ets>, D. <ets>eb</ets>, <ets>ebbe</ets>, Dan. & G. <ets>ebbe</ets>, Sw. <ets>ebb</ets>, cf. Goth. <ets>ibuks</ets> backward; prob. akin to E. <ets>even.</ets>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The reflux or flowing back of the tide; the return of the tidal wave toward the sea; -- opposed to <i>flood</i>; <as>as, the boats will go out on the <ex>ebb</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shoreless flood which in thy <b>ebb</b> and flow
Claspest the limits of morality!
<i>Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state or time of passing away; a falling from a better to a worse state; low state or condition; decline; decay.</def> "Our <i>ebb</i> of life."

<i>Roscommon.</i>

<blockquote>Painting was then at its lowest <b>ebb</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ebb and flow</col>, <cd>the alternate ebb and flood of the tide; often used figuratively.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>This alternation between unhealthy activity and depression, this <b>ebb and flow</b> of the industrial.
<i>A. T. Hadley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ebb</h1>
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<hw>Ebb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ebbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ebbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>ebbian</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>ebben</ets>, Dan. <ets>ebbe</ets>. See 2d <er>Ebb</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To flow back; to return, as the water of a tide toward the ocean; -- opposed to <i>flow</i>.</def>

<blockquote>That Power who bids the ocean <b>ebb</b> and flow.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To return or fall back from a better to a worse state; to decline; to decay; to recede.</def>

<blockquote>The hours of life <b>ebb</b> fast.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To recede; retire; withdraw; decay; decrease; wane; sink; lower.</syn>

<h1>Ebb</h1>
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<hw>Ebb</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to flow back.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Ebb</h1>
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<hw>Ebb</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Receding; going out; falling; shallow; low.</def>

<blockquote>The water there is otherwise very low and <b>ebb</b>.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ebb tide</h1>
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<hw>Ebb" tide`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The reflux of tide water; the retiring tide; -- opposed to <i>flood tide</i>.</def>

<h1>Ebionite</h1>
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<hw>E"bi*o*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>ebyon\'c6m</ets> poor people.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of heretics, in the first centuries of the church, whose doctrine was a mixture of Judaism and Christianity. They denied the divinity of Christ, regarding him as an inspired messenger, and rejected much of the New Testament.</def>

<h1>Ebionitism</h1>
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<hw>E"bi*o*ni`tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>The system or doctrine of the Ebionites.</def>

<h1>Eblanin</h1>
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<hw>Eb"la*nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Pyroxanthin</er>.</def>

<h1>Eblis</h1>
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<hw>Eb"lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>iblis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Moham. Myth.)</fld> <def>The prince of the evil spirits; Satan.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Eblees</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ebon</h1>
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<hw>Eb"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of ebony.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Like ebony, especially in color; black; dark.</def>

<blockquote>Night, sable goddess! from her <b>ebon</b> throne.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ebon</h1>
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<hw>Eb"on</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ebony.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark> "Framed of <i>ebon</i> and ivory."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Ebonist</h1>
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<hw>Eb"on*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who works in ebony.</def>

<h1>Ebonite</h1>
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<hw>Eb"on*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hard, black variety of vulcanite. It may be cut and polished, and is used for many small articles, as combs and buttons, and for insulating material in electric apparatus.</def>

<h1>Ebonize</h1>
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<hw>Eb"on*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ebonized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ebonizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make black, or stain black, in imitation of ebony; <as>as, to <ex>ebonize</ex> wood</as>.</def>

<h1>Ebony</h1>
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<hw>Eb"on*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ebonies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>\'82b\'8ane</ets>, L. <ets>ebenus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; prob. of Semitic origin; cf. Heb.  <ets>hobn\'c6m</ets>, pl. Cf. <er>Ebon</er>.]</ety> <def>A hard, heavy, and durable wood, which admits of a fine polish or gloss. The usual color is black, but it also occurs red or green.</def>

<note>&hand; The finest black ebony is the heartwood of <spn>Diospyros reticulata</spn>, of the Mauritius. Other species of the same genus (<spn>D. Ebenum</spn>, <spn>Melanoxylon</spn>, etc.), furnish the ebony of the East Indies and Ceylon. The West Indian green ebony is from a leguminous tree (<spn>Brya Ebenus</spn>), and from the <spn>Exc\'91caria glandulosa</spn>.</note>

<h1>Ebony</h1>
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<hw>Eb"on*y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of ebony, or resembling ebony; black; <as>as, an <ex>ebony</ex> countenance</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>ebony</b> bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling.
<i>Poe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ebracteate</h1>
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<hw>E*brac"te*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>e-</ets> + <ets>bracteate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Without bracts.</def>

<h1>Ebracteolate</h1>
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<hw>E*brac"te*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>e-</ets> + <ets>bracteolate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Without bracteoles, or little bracts; -- said of a pedicel or flower stalk.</def>

<h1>Ebrauke</h1>
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<hw>E*brau"ke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Hebraicus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>H\'82bra\'8bque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hebrew.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ebriety</h1>
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<hw>E*bri"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ebrieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>ebrietas</ets>, from. <ets>ebrius</ets> intoxicated: cf. F. <ets>\'82bri\'82te</ets>. Cf. <er>So<?/er</er>.]</ety> <def>Drunkenness; intoxication by spirituous liquors; inebriety.</def> "Ruinous <i>ebriety</i>."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<hr>
<page="468">
Page 468<p>

<h1>Ebrillade</h1>
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<hw>E*bril"lade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A bridle check; a jerk of one rein, given to a horse when he refuses to turn.</def>

<h1>Ebriosity</h1>
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<hw>E`bri*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ebriositas</ets>, from <ets>ebriousus</ets> given to drinking, fr. <ets>ebrius</ets>. See <er>Ebriety</er>.]</ety> <def>Addiction to drink; habitual drunkenness.</def>

<h1>Ebrious</h1>
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<hw>E"bri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ebrius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Inclined to drink to excess; intoxicated; tipsy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>M. Collins.</i>

<h1>Ebulliate</h1>
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<hw>E*bul"li*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To boil or bubble up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Prynne.</i>

<h1>Ebullience; 106, Ebulliency</h1>
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<hw><hw>E*bul"lience</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <hw>E*bul"lien*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A boiling up or over; effervescence.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Ebullient</h1>
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<hw>E*bul"lient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ebulliens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>ebullire</ets> to boil up, bubble up; <ets>e</ets> out, from + <ets>bullire</ets> to boil. See 1st <er>Boil</er>.]</ety> <def>Boiling up or over; hence, manifesting exhilaration or excitement, as of feeling; effervescing.</def> "<i>Ebullient</i> with subtlety."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>ebullient</b> enthusiasm of the French.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ebullioscope</h1>
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<hw>E*bul"li*o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ebullire</ets> to boil up + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Phys. Chem.)</fld> <def>An instrument for observing the boiling point of liquids, especially for determining the alcoholic strength of a mixture by the temperature at which it boils.</def>

<h1>Ebullition</h1>
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<hw>Eb`ul*li"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82bullition</ets>, L. <ets>ebullitio</ets>, fr. <ets>ebullire</ets>.  See <er>Ebullient</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A boiling or bubbling up of a liquid; the motion produced in a liquid by its rapid conversion into vapor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Effervescence occasioned by fermentation or by any other process which causes the liberation of a gas or an a\'89riform fluid, as in the mixture of an acid with a carbonated alkali.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written <asp>bullition</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sudden burst or violent display; an outburst; <as>as, an <ex>ebullition</ex> of anger or ill temper</as>.</def>

<h1>Eburin</h1>
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<hw>Eb"ur*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A composition of dust of ivory or of bone with a cement; -- used for imitations of valuable stones and in making moldings, seals, etc.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Eburnation</h1>
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<hw>E`bur*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eburnus</ets> of ivory, fr. <ets>ebur</ets> ivory: cf. F. <ets>\'82burnation</ets>. See <er>Ivory</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition of bone cartilage occurring in certain diseases of these tissues, in which they acquire an unnatural density, and come to resemble ivory.</def>

<h1>Eburnean</h1>
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<hw>E*bur"ne*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eburneus</ets>, fr. <ets>ebur</ets> ivory. See <er>Ivory</er>.]</ety> <def>Made of or relating to ivory.</def>

<h1>Eburnification</h1>
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<hw>E*bur`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eburnus</ets> of ivory (fr. <ets>ebur</ets> ivory) + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>The conversion of certain substances into others which have the appearance or characteristics of ivory.</def>

<h1>Eburnine</h1>
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<hw>Eb"ur*nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ivory.</def> "[She] read from tablet <i>eburnine</i>."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Ecardines</h1>
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<hw>E*car"di*nes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>e</ets> out, without + <ets>cardo</ets> a hinge.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Brachiopoda; the Lyopomata. See <er>Brachiopoda</er>.</def>

<h1>\'90cart\'82</h1>
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<hw>\'90`car`t\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., prop. fr. <ets>\'82carter</ets> to reject, discard.]</ety> <def>A game at cards, played usually by two persons, in which the players may discard any or all of the cards dealt and receive others from the pack.</def>

<h1>Ecaudate</h1>
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<hw>E*cau"date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>e-</ets> + <ets>caudate</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Without a tail or spur.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Tailless.</def>

<h1>Ecballium</h1>
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<hw>Ec*bal"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Ecbole</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of cucurbitaceous plants consisting of the single species <i>Ecballium agreste</i> (or <i>Elaterium</i>), the squirting cucumber. Its fruit, when ripe, bursts and violently ejects its seeds, together with a mucilaginous juice, from which elaterium, a powerful cathartic medicine, is prepared.</def>

<h1>Ecbasis</h1>
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<hw>Ec"ba*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a going out, issue, or event; <?/ out + <?/ to go.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure in which the orator treats of things according to their events consequences.</def>

<h1>Ecbatic</h1>
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<hw>Ec*bat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ecbasis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Denoting a mere result or consequence, as distinguished from <i>telic</i>, which denotes intention or purpose; thus the phrase <?/ <?/, if rendered "<i>so that</i> it was fulfilled," is ecbatic; if rendered "<i>in order that</i> it might be." etc., is telic.</def>

<h1>Ecbole</h1>
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<hw>Ec"bo*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a throwing out, a digression, fr. <?/ to throw out; <?/ out of + <?/ to throw.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A digression in which a person is introduced speaking his own words.</def>

<h1>Ecbolic</h1>
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<hw>Ec*bol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ecbole</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A drug, as ergot, which by exciting uterine contractions promotes the expulsion of the contents of the uterus.</def>

<h1>Ecboline</h1>
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<hw>Ec"bo*line</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a throwing out; <?/ out + <?/ to throw.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid constituting the active principle of ergot; -- so named from its power of producing abortion.</def>

<h1>Eccaleobion</h1>
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<hw>Ec`ca*le*o"bi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to call out (<?/ out of + <?/ to call) + <?/ life.]</ety> <def>A contrivance for hatching eggs by artificial heat.</def>

<h1>Ecce homo</h1>
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<hw>Ec"ce ho"mo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., behold the man. See John xix. 5.]</ety> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>A picture which represents the Savior as given up to the people by Pilate, and wearing a crown of thorns.</def>

<h1>Eccentric</h1>
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<hw>Ec*cen"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>excentrique</ets>, formerly also spelled <ets>eccentrique</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>eccentros</ets> out of the center, eccentric, Gr. <?/; <?/ out of + <?/ center. See <er>Ex-</er>, and <er>Center</er>, and cf. <er>Excentral</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Deviating or departing from the center, or from the line of a circle; <as>as, an <ex>eccentric</ex> or elliptical orbit</as>; pertaining to deviation from the center or from true circular motion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not having the same center; -- said of circles, ellipses, spheres, etc., which, though coinciding, either in whole or in part, as to area or volume, have not the same center; -- opposed to <i>concentric</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to an eccentric; <as>as, the <ex>eccentric</ex> rod in a steam engine</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not coincident as to motive or end.</def>

<blockquote>His own ends, which must needs be often <b>eccentric</b> to those of his master.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Deviating from stated methods, usual practice, or established forms or laws; deviating from an appointed sphere or way; departing from the usual course; irregular; anomalous; odd; <as>as, <ex>eccentric</ex> conduct</as>.</def> "This brave and <i>eccentric</i> young man."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>He shines <b>eccentric</b>, like a comet's blaze.
<i>Savage.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Eccentric anomaly</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Anomaly</er>.</cd> -- <col>Eccentric chuck</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a lathe chuck so constructed that the work held by it may be altered as to its center of motion, so as to produce combinations of eccentric combinations of eccentric circles.</cd> -- <col>Eccentric gear</col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The whole apparatus, strap, and other parts, by which the motion of an eccentric is transmitted, as in the steam engine.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A cogwheel set to turn about an eccentric axis used to give variable rotation.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Eccentric</col> <col>hook &or; gab</col></mcol>, <cd>a hook-shaped journal box on the end of an eccentric rod, opposite the strap.</cd> -- <col>Eccentric rod</col>, <cd>the rod that connects as eccentric strap with any part to be acted upon by the eccentric.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Eccentric sheave</col>, &or; <col>Eccentric pulley</col></mcol>, <cd>an eccentric.</cd> -- <col>Eccentric strap</col>, <cd>the ring, operating as a journal box, that encircles and receives motion from an eccentric; -- called also <altname>eccentric hoop</altname>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Irregular; anomalous; singular; odd; peculiar; erratic; idiosyncratic; strange; whimsical.</syn>

<h1>Eccentric</h1>
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<hw>Ec*cen"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A circle not having the same center as another contained in some measure within the first.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who, or that which, deviates from regularity; an anomalous or irregular person or thing.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In the Ptolemaic system, the supposed circular orbit of a planet about the earth, but with the earth not in its center.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A circle described about the center of an elliptical orbit, with half the major axis for radius.</def>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A disk or wheel so arranged upon a shaft that the center of the wheel and that of the shaft do not coincide. It is used for operating valves in steam engines, and for other purposes. The motion derived is precisely that of a crank having the same throw.</def>

<cs><col>Back eccentric</col>, <cd>the eccentric that reverses or backs the valve gear and the engine.</cd> -- <col>Fore eccentric</col>, <cd>the eccentric that imparts a forward motion to the valve gear and the engine.</cd></cs>

<h1>Eccentrical</h1>
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<hw>Ec*cen"tric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Eccentric</er>.</def>

<h1>Eccentrically</h1>
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<hw>Ec*cen"tric*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an eccentric manner.</def>

<blockquote>Drove <b>eccentrically</b> here and there.
<i>Lew Wallace.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eccentricity</h1>
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<hw>Ec`cen*tric"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Eccentricities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>excentricit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being eccentric; deviation from the customary line of conduct; oddity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The ratio of the distance between the center and the focus of an ellipse or hyperbola to its semi-transverse axis.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The ratio of the distance of the center of the orbit of a heavenly body from the center of the body round which it revolves to the semi-transverse axis of the orbit.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The distance of the center of figure of a body, as of an eccentric, from an axis about which it turns; the throw.</def>

<h1>Ecchymose</h1>
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<hw>Ec"chy*mose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To discolor by the production of an ecchymosis, or effusion of blood, beneath the skin; -- chiefly used in the passive form; <as>as, the parts were much <ex>ecchymosed</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Ecchymosis</h1>
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<hw>Ec`chy*mo"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ecchymoses</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to extravasate; <?/ out of + <?/ to pour.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A livid or black and blue spot, produced by the extravasation or effusion of blood into the areolar tissue from a contusion.</def>

<h1>Ecchymotic</h1>
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<hw>Ec`chy*mot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to ecchymosis.</def>

<h1>Eccle</h1>
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<hw>Ec"cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European green woodpecker; -- also called <i>ecall</i>, <i>eaquall</i>, <i>yaffle</i>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Ecclesia</h1>
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<hw>Ec*cle"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ecclesi\'91</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The public legislative assembly of the Athenians.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A church, either as a body or as a building.</def>

<h1>Ecclesial</h1>
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<hw>Ec*cle"si*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ecclesiastical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Ecclesiarch</h1>
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<hw>Ec*cle"si*arch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>ecclesiarcha</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ church + <?/ to rule: cf. F. <ets>eccl\'82siarque</ets>.]</ety> <def>An official of the Eastern Church, resembling a sacrist in the Western Church.</def>

<h1>Ecclesiast</h1>
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<hw>Ec*cle"si*ast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ecclesiastic.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The Apocryphal book of Ecclesiasticus.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ecclesiastes</h1>
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<hw>Ec*cle`si*as"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a preacher. See <er>Ecclesiastic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>One of the canonical books of the Old Testament.</def>

<h1>Ecclesiastic</h1>
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<hw>Ec*cle`si*as"tic</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ecclesiasticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ an assembly of citizens called out by the crier; also, the church, fr. <?/ called out, fr. <?/ to call out; <?/ out + <?/ to call. See <er>Ex-</er>, and <er>Hale</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Haul</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the church. See <er>Ecclesiastical</er>.</def> "<i>Ecclesiastic</i> government."

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Ecclesiastic</h1>
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<hw>Ec*cle`si*as"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person in holy orders, or consecrated to the service of the church and the ministry of religion; a clergyman; a priest.</def>

<blockquote>From a humble <b>ecclesiastic</b>, he was subsequently preferred to the highest dignities of the church.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ecclesiastical</h1>
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<hw>Ec*cle`si*as"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ecclesiastical</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the church; relating to the organization or government of the church; not secular; <as>as, <ex>ecclesiastical</ex> affairs or history; <ex>ecclesiastical</ex> courts.</as></def>

<blockquote>Every circumstance of <b>ecclesiastical</b> order and discipline was an abomination.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ecclesiastical commissioners for England</col>, <cd>a permanent commission established by Parliament in 1836, to consider and report upon the affairs of the Established Church.</cd> -- <col>Ecclesiastical courts</col>, <cd>courts for maintaining the discipline of the Established Church; -- called also <altname>Christian courts</altname>.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Ecclesiastical law</col>, <cd>a combination of civil and canon law as administered in ecclesiastical courts.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Ecclesiastical modes</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the church modes, or the scales anciently used.</cd> -- <col>Ecclesiastical States</col>, <cd>the territory formerly subject to the Pope of Rome as its temporal ruler; -- called also <altname>States of the Church</altname>.</cd><-- and Papal States. --></cs>

<h1>Ecclesiastically</h1>
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<hw>Ec*cle`si*as"tic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ecclesiastical manner; according ecclesiastical rules.</def>

<h1>Ecclesiasticism</h1>
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<hw>Ec*cle`si*as"ti*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Strong attachment to ecclesiastical usages, forms, etc.</def>

<h1>Ecclesiasticus</h1>
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<hw>Ec*cle`si*as"ti*cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A book of the Apocrypha.</def>

<h1>Ecclesiological</h1>
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<hw>Ec*cle`si*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to ecclesiology.</def>

<h1>Ecclesiologist</h1>
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<hw>Ec*cle`si*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in ecclesiology.</def>

<h1>Ecclesiology</h1>
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<hw>Ec*cle`si*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ecclesia</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science or theory of church building and decoration.</def>

<h1>Eccritic</h1>
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<hw>Ec*crit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ secretive, fr. <?/ to choose out.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy which promotes discharges, as an emetic, or a cathartic.</def>

<h1>Ecderon</h1>
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<hw>Ec"der*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ out + <?/  skin.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ecteron</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ec`der*on"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ecdysis</h1>
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<hw>Ec"dy*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ecdyses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>'e`kdysis</grk> a getting out, fr. <grk>'ekdy`ein</grk>, to put off; <grk>'ek</grk> out + <grk>dy`ein</grk> to enter.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The act of shedding, or casting off, an outer cuticular layer, as in the case of serpents, lobsters, etc.; a coming out; <as>as, the <ex>ecdysis</ex> of the pupa from its shell</as>; exuviation.</def>

<h1>Ecgonine</h1>
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<hw>Ec"go*nine</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>'e`kgonos</grk> sprung from.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, crystalline, nitrogenous base, obtained by the decomposition of cocaine.</def>

<h1></chauguette</h1>
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<hw><?/`chau`guette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A small chamber or place of protection for a sentinel, usually in the form of a projecting turret, or the like. See <er>Castle</er>.</def>

<h1>Eche</h1>
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<hw>Ech"e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. &or; a. pron.</tt> <def>Each.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Echelon</h1>
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<hw>Ech"e*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>\'82chelle</ets> ladder, fr. L. <ets>scala</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An arrangement of a body of troops when its divisions are drawn up in parallel lines each to the right or the left of the one in advance of it, like the steps of a ladder in position for climbing. Also used adjectively; <as>as, <ex>echelon</ex> distance</as>.</def>

<i>Upton (Tactics).</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naval)</fld> <def>An arrangement of a fleet in a wedge or <?/  form.</def>

<i>Encyc. Dict.</i>

<cs><col>Echelon lens</col> <fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>a large   lens constructed in several parts or layers, extending in a succession of annular rings beyond the central lens; -- used in lighthouses.</cd></cs>

<h1>Echelon</h1>
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<hw>Ech"e*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To place in echelon; to station divisions of troops in echelon.</def>

<h1>Echelon</h1>
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<hw>Ech"e*lon</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take position in echelon.</def>

<blockquote>Change direction to the left, <b>echelon</b> by battalion from the right.
<i>Upton (Tactics).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Echidna</h1>
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<hw>E*chid"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a viper, adder, Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>A monster, half maid and half serpent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of <spn>Monotremata</spn> found in Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea. They are toothless and covered with spines; -- called also <altname>porcupine ant-eater</altname>, and <altname>Australian ant-eater</altname>.</def>

<h1>Echidnine</h1>
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<hw>E*chid"nine</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Echidna</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The clear, viscid fluid secreted by the poison glands of certain serpents; also, a nitrogenous base contained in this, and supposed to be the active poisonous principle of the virus.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Echinate, Echinated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ech"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ech"i*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>echinatus</ets>. See <er>Echinus</er>.]</ety> <def>Set with prickles; prickly, like a hedgehog; bristled; <as>as, an <ex>echinated</ex> pericarp</as>.</def>

<h1>Echinid</h1>
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<hw>E*chi"nid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Echinoid</er>.</def>

<h1>Echinidan</h1>
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<hw>E*chin"i*dan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82chinide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One the Echinoidea.</def>

<h1>Echinital</h1>
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<hw>E*chin"i*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, or like, an echinite.</def>

<h1>Echinite</h1>
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<hw>Ech"i*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82chinite</ets>. See <er>Echinus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil echinoid.</def>

<h1>Echinococcus</h1>
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<hw>E*chi`no*coc"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hedgehog, sea urchin + <?/ grain, seed. So called because forming little granular bodies, each armed with hooklets and disposed upon the inner wall of the hydatid cysts.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A parasite of man and of many domestic and wild animals, forming compound cysts or tumors (called hydatid cysts) in various organs, but especially in the liver and lungs, which often cause death. It is the larval stage of the <i>T\'91nia echinococcus</i>, a small tapeworm peculiar to the dog.</def>

<h1>Echinoderm</h1>
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<hw>E*chin"o*derm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Echinodermata.</def>

<h1>Echinodermal</h1>
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<hw>E*chi`no*der"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Relating or belonging to the echinoderms.</def>

<h1>Echinodermata</h1>
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<hw>E*chi`no*der"ma*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hedgehog, sea urchin + <?/, <?/, skin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom. By many writers it was formerly included in the Radiata.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Echinoderma</asp>.]</altsp>

<hr>
<page="469">
Page 469<p>

<note>&hand; The species usually have an exterior calcareous skeleton, or shell, made of many pieces, and often covered with spines, to which the name. They may be star-shaped, cylindrical, disk-shaped, or more or less spherical. The body consists of several similar parts (<i>spheromeres</i>) repeated symmetrically around a central axis, at one end of which the mouth is situated. They generally have suckers for locomotion. The group includes the following classes: Crinoidea, Asterioidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothurioidea. See these words in the Vocabulary, and also <er>Ambulacrum</er>.</note>

<h1>Echinodermatous</h1>
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<hw>E*chi`no*der"ma*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Relating to Echinodermata; echinodermal.</def>

<h1>Echinoid</h1>
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<hw>E*chi"noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Echinus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Echinoidea.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Echinoidea.</def></def2>

<h1>Echinoidea</h1>
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<hw>Ech`i*noi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Echinus</er>, and <er>-oid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The class Echinodermata which includes the sea urchins. They have a calcareous, usually more or less spheroidal or disk-shaped, composed of many united plates, and covered with movable spines. See <er>Spatangoid</er>, <er>Clypeastroid</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Echinidea</asp>, and <asp>Echinoida</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Echinozoa</h1>
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<hw>E*chi`no*zo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ an echinus + <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Echinodermata.</def>

<h1>Echinulate</h1>
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<hw>E*chin"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Set with small spines or prickles.</def>

<h1>Echinus</h1>
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<hw>E*chi"nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Echini</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a hedgehog, sea urchin, Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hedgehog.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of echinoderms, including the common edible sea urchin of Europe.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rounded molding forming the bell of the capital of the Grecian Doric style, which is of a peculiar elastic curve. See <er>Entablature</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The quarter-round molding (ovolo) of the Roman Doric style. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Column</er></def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A name sometimes given to the egg and anchor or egg and dart molding, because that ornament is often identified with Roman Doric capital. The name probably alludes to the shape of the shell of the sea urchin.</def>

<h1>Echiuroidea</h1>
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<hw>Ech`i*u*roi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>echiurus</ets>, the name of one genus (Gr. <?/ an adder + <?/ tail) + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Annelida which includes the genus <spn>Echiurus</spn> and allies. They are often classed among the Gephyrea, and called the <altname>armed Gephyreans</altname>.</def>

<h1>Echo</h1>
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<hw>Ech"o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Echoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>echo</ets>, Gr. <?/ echo, sound, akin to <?/, <?/, sound, noise; cf. Skr. <ets>v\'be<?/</ets> to sound, bellow; perh. akin to E. <ets>voice</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82cho</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A sound reflected from an opposing surface and repeated to the ear of a listener; repercussion of sound; repetition of a sound.</def>

<blockquote>The babbling <b>echo</b> mocks the hounds.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The woods shall answer, and the <b>echo</b> ring.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Sympathetic recognition; response; answer.</def>

<blockquote>Fame is the <b>echo</b> of actions, resounding them.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Many kind, and sincere speeches found an <b>echo</b> in his heart.
<i>R. L. Stevenson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Myth. & Poetic)</fld> <def>A wood or mountain nymph, regarded as repeating, and causing the reverberation of them.</def>

<blockquote>Sweet <b>Echo</b>, sweetest nymph, that liv'st unseen
Within thy airy shell.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>A nymph, the daughter of Air and Earth, who, for love of Narcissus, pined away until nothing was left of her but her voice</def>.

<blockquote>Compelled me to awake the courteous <b>Echo</b>
To give me answer from her mossy couch.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Echo organ</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a set organ pipes inclosed in a box so as to produce a soft, distant effect; -- generally superseded by the swell.</cd> -- <col>Echo stop</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a stop upon a harpsichord contrived for producing the soft effect of distant sound.</cd> -- <col>To applaud to the echo</col>, <cd>to give loud and continuous applause.</cd></cs>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<blockquote>I would <b>applaud</b> thee <b>to the very echo</b>,
That should applaud again.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Echo</h1>
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<hw>Ech"o</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Echoed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Echoing</er>. -- <tt>3d pers. sing.  pres.</tt> <er>Echoes</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To send back (a sound); to repeat in sound; to reverberate.</def>

<blockquote>Those peals are <b>echoed</b> by the Trojan throng.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The wondrous sound
Is <b>echoed</b> on forever.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To repeat with assent; to respond; to adopt.</def>

<blockquote>They would have <b>echoed</b> the praises of the men whom they <?/nvied, and then have sent to the newspaper anonymous libels upon them.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Echo</h1>
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<hw>Ech"o</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To give an echo; to resound; to be sounded back; <as>as, the hall <ex>echoed</ex> with acclamations</as>.</def> "<i>Echoing</i> noise."

<i>Blackmore.</i>

<h1>Echoer</h1>
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<hw>Ech"o*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, echoes.</def>

<h1>Echoless</h1>
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<hw>Ech"o*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without echo or response.</def>

<h1>Echometer</h1>
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<hw>E*chom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, sound + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82chom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus)</fld> <def>A graduated scale for measuring the duration of sounds, and determining their different, and the relation of their intervals.</def>

<i>J. J. Rousseau.</i>

<h1>Echometry</h1>
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<hw>E*chom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82chom\'82trie</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of measuring the duration of sounds or echoes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The art of constructing vaults to produce echoes.</def>

<h1>Echon, Echoon</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ech*on"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ech*oon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>pron.</tt> <def>Each one.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Echoscope</h1>
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<hw>Ech"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, sound + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument for intensifying sounds produced by percussion of the thorax.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1></clair</h1>
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<hw><?/`clair"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A kind of frosted cake, containing flavored cream.</def>

<h1>Eclaircise</h1>
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<hw>E*clair"cise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82claircir</ets>; pref. <ets>es-</ets> (L. <ets>ex</ets>) + <ets>clair</ets> clear, L. <ets>clarus</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make clear; to clear up what is obscure or not understood; to explain.</def>

<h1>Eclaircissement</h1>
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<hw>E*clair"cisse*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>\'82claircir</ets>. See <er>Eclaircise</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>The clearing up of anything which is obscure or not easily understood; an explanation.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>eclaircissement</b> ended in the discovery of the informer.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eclampsia</h1>
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<hw>Ec*lamp"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a shining forth, fr. <?/ to shine forth; <?/  out + <?/ to shine.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A fancied perception of flashes of light, a symptom of epilepsy; hence, epilepsy itself; convulsions.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is generally restricted to a convulsive affection attending pregnancy and parturition, and to infantile convulsions.</note>

<h1>Eclampsy</h1>
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<hw>Ec*lamp"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Eclampsia</er>.</def>

<h1>Eclat</h1>
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<hw>E*clat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82clat</ets> a fragment, splinter, explosion, brilliancy, splendor, fr. <ets>\'82clater</ets> to splinter, burst, explode, shine brilliantly, prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>sleizan</ets> to slit, split, fr. <ets>sl\'c6zan</ets>, G. <ets>schleissen</ets>; akin to E. <ets>slit</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Brilliancy of success or effort; splendor; brilliant show; striking effect; glory; renown.</def> "The <i>eclat</i> of Homer's battles."

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Demonstration of admiration and approbation; applause.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<h1>Eclectic</h1>
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<hw>Ec*lec"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to pick out, choose out: cf. F. <ets>\'82clectique</ets>. See <er>Eclogue</er>, and cf. <er>Elect</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Selecting; choosing (what is true or excellent in doctrines, opinions, etc.) from various sources or systems; <as>as, an <ex>eclectic</ex> philosopher</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting, or made up, of what is chosen or selected; <as>as, an <ex>eclectic</ex> method; an <ex>eclectic</ex> magazine.</as></def>

<cs><col>Eclectic physician</col>, one of a class of practitioners of medicine, who select their modes of practice and medicines from all schools; formerly, sometimes the same as <i>botanic physician</i>. <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Eclectic school</col>. <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Bolognese school</cref>, under <er>Bolognese</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Eclectic</h1>
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<hw>Ec*lec"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who follows an eclectic method.</def>

<h1>Eclectically</h1>
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<hw>Ec*lec"tic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an eclectic manner; by an eclectic method.</def>

<h1>Eclecticism</h1>
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<hw>Ec*lec"ti*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82clecticisme</ets>. Cf. <er>Electicism</er>.]</ety> <def>Theory or practice of an eclectic.</def>

<h1>Eclegm</h1>
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<hw>Ec*legm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82clegme</ets>, L. <ets>ecligma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to lick up.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine made by mixing oils with sirups.</def>

<i>John Quincy.</i>

<h1>Eclipse</h1>
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<hw>E*clipse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82clipse</ets>, L. <ets>eclipsis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, prop., a forsaking, failing, fr. <?/ to leave out, forsake; <?/ out + <?/ to leave. See <er>Ex-</er>, and <er>Loan</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An interception or obscuration of the light of the sun, moon, or other luminous body, by the intervention of some other body, either between it and the eye, or between the luminous body and that illuminated by it. A lunar eclipse is caused by the moon passing through the earth's shadow; a solar eclipse, by the moon coming between the sun and the observer. A satellite is eclipsed by entering the shadow of its primary. The obscuration of a planet or star by the moon or a planet, though of the nature of an eclipse, is called an <i>occultation</i>. The eclipse of a small portion of the sun by Mercury or Venus is called a <i>transit</i> of the planet.</def>

<note>&hand; In ancient times, eclipses were, and among unenlightened people they still are, superstitiously regarded as forerunners of evil fortune, a sentiment of which occasional use is made in literature.</note>

<blockquote>That fatal and perfidious bark,
Built in the <b>eclipse</b>, and rigged with curses dark.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The loss, usually temporary or partial, of light, brilliancy, luster, honor, consciousness, etc.; obscuration; gloom; darkness.</def>

<blockquote>All the posterity of our fist parents suffered a perpetual <b>eclipse</b> of spiritual life.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As in the soft and sweet <b>eclipse</b>,
When soul meets soul on lovers' lips.
<i>Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Annular eclipse</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Annular</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cycle of eclipses</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cycle</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Eclipse</h1>
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<hw>E*clipse"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Eclipsed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Eclipsing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause the obscuration of; to darken or hide; -- said of a heavenly body; <as>as, the moon <ex>eclipses</ex> the sun</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To obscure, darken, or extinguish the beauty, luster, honor, etc., of; to sully; to cloud; to throw into the shade by surpassing.</def> "His <i>eclipsed</i> state."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>My joy of liberty is half <b>eclipsed</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eclipse</h1>
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<hw>E*clipse"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To suffer an eclipse.</def>

<blockquote>While the laboring moon
<b>Eclipses</b> at their charms.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ecliptic</h1>
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<hw>E*clip"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82cliptique</ets>, L. <ets>linea ecliptica</ets>, Gr. <?/, prop. adj., of an eclipse, because in this circle eclipses of the sun and moon take place. See <er>Ecliptic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A great circle of the celestial sphere, making an angle with the equinoctial of about 23&deg; 28\'b7. It is the apparent path of the sun, or the real path of the earth as seen from the sun.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>A great circle drawn on a terrestrial globe, making an angle of 23&deg; 28\'b7 with the equator; -- used for illustrating and solving astronomical problems.</def>

<h1>Ecliptic</h1>
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<hw>E*clip"tic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eclipticus</ets> belonging to an eclipse, Gr. <?/. See <er>Eclipse</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the ecliptic; <as>as, the <ex>ecliptic</ex> way</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to an eclipse or to eclipses.</def>

<cs><col>Lunar ecliptic limit</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the space of 12&deg; on the moon's orbit from the node, within which, if the moon happens to be at full, it will be eclipsed.</cd> -- <col>Solar ecliptic limit</col>, <cd>the space of 17&deg; from the lunar node, within which, if a conjunction of the sun and moon occur, the sun will be eclipsed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Eclogite</h1>
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<hw>Ec"lo*gite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ecloque</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A rock consisting of granular red garnet, light green smaragdite, and common hornblende; -- so called in reference to its beauty.</def>

<h1>Eclogue</h1>
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<hw>Ec"logue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ecloga</ets>, Gr. <?/ a selection, choice extracts, fr. <?/ to pick out, choose out; <?/  out + <?/ to gather, choose: cf.  F. <ets>\'82gloque</ets>, <ets>\'82cloque</ets>. See <er>Ex-</er>, and <er>Legend</er>.]</ety> <def>A pastoral poem, in which shepherds are introduced conversing with each other; a bucolic; an idyl; <as>as, the <ex>Ecloques</ex> of Virgil, from which the modern usage of the word has been established</as>.</def>

<h1>Economic; 277, Economical</h1>
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<hw><hw>E`co*nom"ic</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <hw>E`co*nom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82conomique</ets>, L. <ets>oeconomicus</ets> orderly, methodical, Gr. <?/ economical. See <er>Economy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the household; domestic.</def> "In this <i>economical</i> misfortune [of ill-assorted matrimony.]"

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating to domestic economy, or to the management of household affairs.</def>

<blockquote>And doth employ her <b>economic</b> art
And busy care, her household to preserve.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Managing with frugality; guarding against waste or unnecessary expense; careful and frugal in management and in expenditure; -- said of character or habits.</def>

<blockquote>Just rich enough, with <b>economic</b> care,
To save a pittance.
<i>Harte.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Managed with frugality; not marked with waste or extravagance; frugal; -- said of acts; saving; <as>as, an <ex>economical</ex> use of money or of time</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Relating to the means of living, or the resources and wealth of a country; relating to political economy; <as>as, <ex>economic</ex> purposes; <ex>economical</ex> truths.</as></def>

<blockquote>These matters <b>economical</b> and political.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There was no <b>economical</b> distress in England to prompt the enterprises of colonization.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Economic</b> questions, such as money, usury, taxes, lands, and the employment of the people.
<i>H. C.  Baird.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Regulative; relating to the adaptation of means to an end.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Economical</i> is the usual form when meaning frugal, saving; <i>economic</i> is the form commonly used when meaning pertaining to the management of a household, or of public affairs.</note>

<h1>Economically</h1>
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<hw>E`co*nom"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With economy; with careful management; with prudence in expenditure.</def>

<h1>Economics</h1>
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<hw>E`co*nom"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, equiv. to <?/ <?/. See <er>Economic</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The science of household affairs, or of domestic management.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Political economy; the science of the utilities or the useful application of wealth or material resources. See <cref>Political economy</cref>, under <er>Political</er>.</def> "In politics and <i>economics</i>."

<i>V. Knox.</i>

<h1>Economist</h1>
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<hw>E*con"o*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82conomiste</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who economizes, or manages domestic or other concerns with frugality; one who expends money, time, or labor, judiciously, and without waste.</def> "<i>Economists</i> even to parsimony."

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is conversant with political economy; a student of economics.</def>

<h1>Economization</h1>
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<hw>E*con`o*mi*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or practice of using to the best effect.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>H. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Economize</h1>
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<hw>E*con"o*mize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Economized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Economizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82conomiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To manage with economy; to use with prudence; to expend with frugality; <as>as, to <ex>economize</ex> one's income</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>economise</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Expenses in the city were to be <b>economized</b>.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Calculating how to <b>economize</b> time.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Economize</h1>
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<hw>E*con"o*mize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be prudently sparing in expenditure; to be frugal and saving; <as>as, to <ex>economize</ex> in order to grow rich</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>economise</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Economizer</h1>
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<hw>E*con"o*mi`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, economizes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: <fld>(Steam Boilers)</fld> An arrangement of pipes for heating feed water by waste heat in the gases passing to the chimney.</def>

<h1>Economy</h1>
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<hw>E*con"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Economies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>\'82conomie</ets>, L. <ets>oeconomia</ets> household management, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ one managing a household; <?/ house (akin to L. <ets>vicus</ets> village, E. <ets>vicinity</ets>) + <?/  usage, law, rule, fr. <?/ to distribute, mange. See <er>Vicinity</er>, <er>Nomad</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The management of domestic affairs; the regulation and government of household matters; especially as they concern expense or disbursement; <as>as, a careful <ex>economy</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Himself busy in charge of the household <b>economies</b>.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Orderly arrangement and management of the internal affairs of a state or of any establishment kept up by production and consumption; esp., such management as directly concerns wealth; <as>as, political <ex>economy</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The system of rules and regulations by which anything is managed; orderly system of regulating the distribution and uses of parts, conceived as the result of wise and economical adaptation in the author, whether human or divine; <as>as, the animal or vegetable <ex>economy</ex>; the <ex>economy</ex> of a poem; the Jewish <ex>economy</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The position which they [the verb and adjective] hold in the general <b>economy</b> of language.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In the Greek poets, as also in Plautus, we shall see the <b>economy</b> . . . of poems better observed than in Terence.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Jews already had a Sabbath, which, as citizens and subjects of that <b>economy</b>, they were obliged to keep.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Thrifty and frugal housekeeping; management without loss or waste; frugality in expenditure; prudence and disposition to save; <as>as, a housekeeper accustomed to <ex>economy</ex> but not to parsimony</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Political economy</col>. <cd>See under <er>Political</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Economy</er>, <er>Frugality</er>, <er>Parsimony</er>. <i>Economy</i> avoids all waste and extravagance, and applies money to the best advantage; <i>frugality</i> cuts off indulgences, and proceeds on a system of saving. The latter conveys the idea of not using or spending superfluously, and is opposed to <i>lavishness</i> or <i>profusion</i>. <i>Frugality</i> is usually applied to matters of consumption, and commonly points to simplicity of manners; <i>parsimony</i> is frugality carried to an extreme, involving meanness of spirit, and a sordid mode of living. <i>Economy</i> is a virtue, and <i>parsimony</i> a vice.</syn>

<hr>
<page="470">
Page 470<p>

<blockquote>I have no other notion of <b>economy</b> than that it is the parent to liberty and ease.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The father was more given to <b>frugality</b>, and the son to riotousness [luxuriousness].
<i>Golding.</i></blockquote>

<h1></corch\'82</h1>
<Xpage=470>

<hw><?/`cor`ch\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A manikin, or image, representing an animal, especially man, with the skin removed so that the muscles are exposed for purposes of study.</def>

<h1></cossaise</h1>
<Xpage=470>

<hw><?/`cos`saise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A dancing tune in the Scotch style.</def>

<h1>Ecostate</h1>
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<hw>E*cos"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>e-</ets> + <ets>costate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having no ribs or nerves; -- said of a leaf.</def>

<h1></coute</h1>
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<hw><?/`coute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a listening place.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>One of the small galleries run out in front of the glacis. They serve to annoy the enemy's miners.</def>

<h1>Ecphasis</h1>
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<hw>Ec"pha*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/  to speak out.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>An explicit declaration.</def>

<h1>Ecphonema</h1>
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<hw>Ec`pho*ne"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a thing called out, fr. <?/ to cry out; <?/ out + <?/ voice.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A breaking out with some interjectional particle.</def>

<h1>Ecphoneme</h1>
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<hw>Ec"pho*neme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ecphonema</er>.]</ety> <def>A mark (!) used to indicate an exclamation.</def>

<i>G. Brown.</i>

<h1>Ecphonesis</h1>
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<hw>Ec`pho*ne"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Ecphonema</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>An animated or passionate exclamation.</def>

<blockquote>The feelings by the <b>ecphonesis</b> are very various.
<i>Gibbs.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ecphractic</h1>
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<hw>Ec*phrac"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, from <?/ to open; <?/ out + <?/ to block up: cf. F. <ets>ecphractique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Serving to dissolve or attenuate viscid matter, and so to remove obstructions; deobstruent.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An ecphractic medicine.</def></def2>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1></crasement</h1>
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<hw><?/`crase`ment"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation performed with an \'82craseur.</def>

<h1></craseur</h1>
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<hw><?/`cra`seur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>\'82craser</ets> to crush.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument intended to replace the knife in many operations, the parts operated on being severed by the crushing effect produced by the gradual tightening of a steel chain, so that hemorrhage rarely follows.</def>

<h1></cru</h1>
<Xpage=470>

<hw><?/`cru"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>crudus</ets> raw.]</ety> <def>Having the color or appearance of unbleached stuff, as silk, linen, or the like.</def>

<h1>Ecstasy</h1>
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<hw>Ec"sta*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ecstasies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>extase</ets>, L. <ets>ecstasis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to put out of place, derange; <?/ = <?/ out + <?/ to set, stand. See <er>Ex-</er>, and <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Also written <asp>extasy</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being beside one's self or rapt out of one's self; a state in which the mind is elevated above the reach of ordinary impressions, as when under the influence of overpowering emotion; an extraordinary elevation of the spirit, as when the soul, unconscious of sensible objects, is supposed to contemplate heavenly mysteries.</def>

<blockquote>Like a mad prophet in an <b>ecstasy</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This is the very <b>ecstasy</b> of love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Excessive and overmastering joy or enthusiasm; rapture; enthusiastic delight.</def>

<blockquote>He on the tender grass
Would sit, and hearken even to <b>ecstasy</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Violent distraction of mind; violent emotion; excessive grief of anxiety; insanity; madness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That unmatched form and feature of blown youth
Blasted with <b>ecstasy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our words will but increase his <b>ecstasy</b>.
<i>Marlowe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A state which consists in total suspension of sensibility, of voluntary motion, and largely of mental power. The body is erect and inflexible; the pulsation and breathing are not affected.</def>

<i>Mayne.</i>

<h1>Ecstasy</h1>
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<hw>Ec"sta*sy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fill ecstasy, or with rapture or enthusiasm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The most <b>ecstasied</b> order of holy . . . spirits.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ecstatic</h1>
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<hw>Ec*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>extatique</ets>.  See <er>Ecstasy</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or caused by, ecstasy or excessive emotion; of the nature, or in a state, of ecstasy; <as>as, <ex>ecstatic</ex> gaze; <ex>ecstatic</ex> trance.</as></def>

<blockquote>This <b>ecstatic</b> fit of love and jealousy.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Delightful beyond measure; rapturous; ravishing; <as>as, <ex>ecstatic</ex> bliss or joy</as>.</def>

<h1>Ecstatic</h1>
<Xpage=470>

<hw>Ec*stat"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An enthusiast.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gauden.</i>

<h1>Ecstatical</h1>
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<hw>Ec*stat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ecstatic.</def>

<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tending to external objects.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Norris.</i>

<h1>Ecstatically</h1>
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<hw>Ec*stat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Rapturously; ravishingly.</def>

<h1>Ect-, Ecto-</h1>
<Xpage=470>

<hw><hw>Ect-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ec"to-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ outside.]</ety> <def>A combining form signifying <i>without</i>, <i>outside</i>, <i>external</i>.</def>

<h1>Ectad</h1>
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<hw>Ec"tad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ect-</ets> + L. <ets>ad</ets> towards.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Toward the outside or surface; -- opposed to <i>entad</i>.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Ectal</h1>
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<hw>Ec"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ect-</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or situated near, the surface; outer; -- opposed to <i>ental</i>.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Ectasia</h1>
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<hw>Ec*ta"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Ectasis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A dilatation of a hollow organ or of a canal.</def>

<h1>Ectasis</h1>
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<hw>Ec"ta*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ out + <?/ to stretch.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>The lengthening of a syllable from short to long.</def>

<h1>Ectental</h1>
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<hw>Ec*ten"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ outside + <?/ inside.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or connected with, the two primitive germ layers, the ectoderm and ectoderm; <as>as, the "<ex>ectental</ex> line" or line of juncture of the two layers in the segmentation of the ovum</as>.</def>

<i>C. S. Minot.</i>

<h1>Ecteron</h1>
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<hw>Ec"ter*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ect-</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The external layer of the skin and mucous membranes; epithelium; ecderon.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ec`ter*on"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ectethmoid</h1>
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<hw>Ec*teth"moid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ect-</ets> + <ets>ethmoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>External to the ethmoid; prefrontal.</def>

<h1>Ecthlipsis</h1>
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<hw>Ec*thlip"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to squeeze out.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The dropping out or suppression from a word of a consonant, with or without a vowel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Lat. Pros.)</fld> <def>The elision of a final <i>m</i>, with the preceding vowel, before a word beginning with a vowel.</def>

<h1>Ecthoreum</h1>
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<hw>Ec`tho*re"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ecthorea</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to leap out; <?/ out + <?/, <?/, to leap, dart.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The slender, hollow thread of a nettling cell or cnida. See <er>Nettling cell</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ecthor\'91um</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ecthyma</h1>
<Xpage=470>

<hw>Ec*thy"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ecthymata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ pimple, fr. <?/ to break out.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cutaneous eruption, consisting of large, round pustules, upon an indurated and inflamed base.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Ecto-</h1>
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<hw>Ec"to-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Ect-</er>.</def>

<h1>Ectoblast</h1>
<Xpage=470>

<hw>Ec"to*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ecto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ bud, germ.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The outer layer of the blastoderm; the epiblast; the ectoderm</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The outer envelope of a cell; the cell wall.</def>

<i>Agassiz.</i>

<h1>Ectobronchium</h1>
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<hw>Ec`to*bron"chi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ectobronchia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Ecto-</er>, and <er>Bronchia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the dorsal branches of the main bronchi in the lungs of birds.</def>

<h1>Ectocuneriform, Ectocuniform</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ec`to*cu*ne"ri*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ec`to*cu"ni*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ecto-</ets> + <ets>cuneiform</ets>, <ets>cuniform</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the bones of the tarsus. See <er>Cuneiform</er>.</def>

<h1>Ectocyst</h1>
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<hw>Ec"to*cyst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ecto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ bladder.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The outside covering of the Bryozoa.</def>

<h1>Ectoderm</h1>
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<hw>Ec"to*derm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ecto-</ets> + <ets>-derm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The outer layer of the blastoderm; epiblast</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The external skin or outer layer of an animal or plant, this being formed in an animal from the epiblast. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Blastoderm</er>.</def>

<h1>Ectodermal, Ectodermic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ec`to*der"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ec`to*der"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or relating to the ectoderm.</def>

<h1>Ectolecithal</h1>
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<hw>Ec`to*lec"i*thal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ecto-</ets> + Gr.  <?/ the yolk of an egg.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having the food yolk, at the commencement of segmentation, in a peripheral position, and the cleavage process confined to the center of the egg; <as>as, <ex>ectolecithal</ex> ova</as>.</def>

<h1>Ectomere</h1>
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<hw>Ec"to*mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ecto-</ets> + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The more transparent cells, which finally become external, in many segmenting ova, as those of mammals.</def>

<h1>Ectoparasite</h1>
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<hw>Ec`to*par"a*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any parasite which lives on the exterior of animals; -- opposed to <i>endoparasite</i>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ec`to*par`a*sit"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ectopia</h1>
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<hw>Ec*to"pi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ out + <?/ place.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid displacement of parts, especially such as is congenial; <as>as, <ex>ectopia</ex> of the heart, or of the bladder</as>.</def>

<h1>Ectopic</h1>
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<hw>Ec*top"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Out of place; congenitally displaced; <as>as, an <ex>ectopic</ex> organ</as>.</def>

<h1>Ectoplasm</h1>
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<hw>Ec"to*plasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ecto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The outer transparent layer of protoplasm in a developing ovum</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The outer hyaline layer of protoplasm in a vegetable cell</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The ectosarc of protozoan.</def>

<h1>Ectoplastic</h1>
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<hw>Ec`to*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ecto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to mold.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or composed of, ectoplasm.</def>

<h1>Ectoprocta</h1>
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<hw>Ec`to*proc"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ outside + <?/ the anus.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Bryozoa in which the anus lies outside the circle of tentacles.</def>

<h1>Ectopy</h1>
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<hw>Ec"to*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Ectopia</er>.</def>

<h1>Ectorganism</h1>
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<hw>Ect*or"gan*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ect-</ets> + <ets>organism</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An external parasitic organism.</def>

<h1>Ectosarc</h1>
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<hw>Ec"to*sarc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Ecto-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, flesh.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The semisolid external layer of protoplasm in some unicellular organisms, as the am\'d2ba; ectoplasm; exoplasm.</def>

<h1>Ectosteal</h1>
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<hw>Ec*tos"te*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to ectostosis; <as>as, <ex>ectosteal</ex> ossification</as>.</def>

<h1>Ectostosis</h1>
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<hw>Ec`tos*to"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Ect-</er>, and <er>Ostosis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A process of bone formation in which ossification takes place in the perichondrium and either surrounds or gradually replaces the cartilage.</def>

<h1>Ectozoic</h1>
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<hw>Ec`to*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Epizoic</er>.</def>

<h1>Ectozo\'94n</h1>
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<hw>Ec`to*zo"\'94n</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ectozoa</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ outside + <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Epizo\'94n</er>.</def>

<h1>Ectropion</h1>
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<hw>Ec*tro"pi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a turning aside; <?/ from + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An unnatural eversion of the eyelids.</def>

<h1>Ectropium</h1>
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<hw>Ec*tro"pi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Ectropion</er>.</def>

<h1>Ectrotic</h1>
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<hw>Ec*trot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ for abortion; <?/ out + <?/ to wound, cause mischief to.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having a tendency to prevent the development of anything, especially of a disease.</def>

<h1>Ectypal</h1>
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<hw>Ec"ty*pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ectypus</ets> worked in high relief, Gr. <?/; <?/ out + <?/ stamp, figure. See <er>Type</er>.]</ety> <def>Copied, reproduced as a molding or cast, in contradistinction from the original model.</def>

<h1>Ectype</h1>
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<hw>Ec"type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ectype</ets>. See <er>Ectypal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Classical Arch\'91ol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A copy, as in pottery, of an artist's original work. Hence:</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A work sculptured in relief, as a cameo, or in bas-relief (in this sense used loosely).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A copy from an original; a type of something that has previously existed.</def>

<blockquote>Some regarded him [Klopstock] as an <b>ectype</b> of the ancient prophets.
<i>Eng. Cyc. .</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ectypography</h1>
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<hw>Ec`ty*pog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ectype</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A method of etching in which the design upon the plate is produced in relief.</def>

<h1>Ecumenic, Ecumenical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ec`u*men"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ec`u*men"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oecumenicus</ets>, Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/) the inhabited world, fr. <?/ to inhabit, from <?/ house, dwelling. See <er>Economy</er>.]</ety> <def>General; universal; in ecclesiastical usage, that which concerns the whole church; <as>as, an <ex>ecumenical</ex> council</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp><?/cumenical</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Ecumenical Bishop</col>, <cd>a title assumed by the popes.</cd> -- <col>Ecumenical council</col>. <cd>See under <er>Council</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ecurie</h1>
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<hw>Ec"u*rie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Equerry</er>.]</ety> <def>A stable.</def>

<h1>Eczema</h1>
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<hw>Ec"ze*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>'e`kzema</grk>; <grk>"ek</grk> out + <grk>zei^n</grk> to boil.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inflammatory disease of the skin, characterized by the presence of redness and itching, an eruption of small vesicles, and the discharge of a watery exudation, which often dries up, leaving the skin covered with crusts; -- called also <altname>tetter</altname>, <altname>milk crust</altname>, and <altname>salt rheum</altname>.</def>

<h1>Eczematous</h1>
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<hw>Ec*zem"a*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to eczema; having the characteristic of eczema.</def>

<h1>-ed</h1>
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<hw>-ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The termination of the past participle of regular, or weak, verbs; also, of analogous participial adjectives from nouns; <as>as, pigment<ex>ed</ex>; talent<ex>ed</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Edacious</h1>
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<hw>E*da"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>edax</ets>, <ets>edacis</ets>, fr. <ets>edere</ets> to eat.]</ety> <def>Given to eating; voracious; devouring.</def>

<blockquote>Swallowed in the depths of <b>edacious</b> Time.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>E*da"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>E*da"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Edacity</h1>
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<hw>E*dac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>edacitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Greediness; voracity; ravenousness; rapacity.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Edda</h1>
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<hw>Ed"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Eddas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Icel., lit. <ets>great-grandmother</ets> (<it>i. e.</it>, of Scandinavian poetry), so called by Bishop Brynj\'a3lf Sveinsson, who brought it again to light in 1643.]</ety> <def>The religious or mythological book of the old Scandinavian tribes of German origin, containing two collections of Sagas (legends, myths) of the old northern gods and heroes.</def>

<note>&hand; There are two Eddas. The older, consisting of 39 poems, was reduced to writing from oral tradition in Iceland between 1050 and 1133. The younger or <stype>prose Edda</stype>, called also the <stype>Edda of Snorri</stype>, is the work of several writers, though usually ascribed to Snorri Sturleson, who was born in 1178.</note>

<h1>Eddaic, Eddic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ed*da"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ed"dic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the Eddas; resembling the Eddas.</def>

<h1>Edder</h1>
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<hw>Ed"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Adder</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An adder or serpent.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Edder</h1>
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<hw>Ed"der</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>edor</ets> hedge, fence; akin to <ets>etar</ets>.]</ety> <def>Flexible wood worked into the top of hedge stakes, to bind them together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Edder</h1>
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<hw>Ed"der</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bind the top interweaving edder; <as>as, to <ex>edder</ex> a hedge</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Eddish</h1>
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<hw>Ed"dish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>edisc</ets>; cf. AS. pref. <ets>ed-</ets> again, anew. Cf. <er>Eddy</er>, and <er>Arrish</er>.]</ety> <def>Aftermath; also, stubble and stubble field. See <er>Arrish</er>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Eddoes</h1>
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<hw>Ed"does</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The tubers of <i>Colocasia antiquorum</i>. See <er>Taro</er>.</def>

<h1>Eddy</h1>
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<hw>Ed"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Eddies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Prob. fr. Icel. <ets>i<?/a</ets>; cf. Icel. pref. <ets>i<?/-</ets> back, AS. <ets>ed</ets>-, OS. <ets>idug</ets>-, OHG. <ets>ita</ets>-; Goth. <ets>id</ets>-.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A current of air or water running back, or in a direction contrary to the main current.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A current of water or air moving in a circular direction; a whirlpool.</def>

<blockquote>And smiling <b>eddies</b> dimpled on the main.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wheel through the air, in circling <b>eddies</b> play.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<note>Used also adjectively; as, <i>eddy</i> winds.</note>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Eddy</h1>
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<hw>Ed"dy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Eddied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Eddying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To move as an eddy, or as in an eddy; to move in a circle.</def>

<blockquote><b>Eddying</b> round and round they sink.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eddy</h1>
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<hw>Ed"dy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To collect as into an eddy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The circling mountains <b>eddy</b> in
From the bare wild the dissipated storm.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Edelweiss</h1>
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<hw>E"del*weiss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., fr. <ets>edel</ets> noble + <ets>weiss</ets> white.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A little, perennial, white, woolly plant (<spn>Leontopodium alpinum</spn>), growing at high elevations in the Alps.</def><-- = the national flower of Austria -->

<h1>Edema</h1>
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<hw>E*de"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>\'d2dema</er>.</def>

<h1>Edematous, &or; Edematose</h1>
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<hw><hw>E*de"ma*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>E*de"ma*tose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>\'d2dematous</er>.</def>

<h1>Eden</h1>
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<hw>E"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>\'c7den</ets> delight, pleasure; also, a place of pleasure, Eden.]</ety> <def>The garden where Adam and Eve first dwelt; hence, a delightful region or residence.</def>

<h1>Edenic</h1>
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<hw>E*den"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Eden; paradisaic.</def> "<i>Edenic</i> joys."

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Edenite</h1>
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<hw>E"den*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Eden</ets>ville, <er>N</er>. <er>Y</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of amphibole. See <er>Amphibole</er>.</def>

<h1>Edenized</h1>
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<hw>E"den*ized</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admitted to a state of paradisaic happiness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Davies (Wit's Pilgr. ).</i>

<h1>Edental</h1>
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<hw>E*den"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Edentate</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Edentata.</def></def2>

<h1>Edentalous</h1>
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<hw>E*den"tal*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Edentate</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Edentata</h1>
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<hw>E`den*ta"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., neut. pl. from L. <ets>edentatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>edentare</ets> to render toothless; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of mammals including the armadillos, sloths, and anteaters; -- called also <altname>Bruta</altname>. The incisor teeth are rarely developed, and in some groups all the teeth are lacking.</def>

<h1>Edentate</h1>
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<hw>E*den"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of teeth; <as>as, an <ex>edentate</ex> quadruped; an <ex>edentate</ex> leaf.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Edentata.</def>

<hr>
<page="471">
Page 471<p>

<h1>Edentate</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>E*den"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Edentata.</def>

<h1>Edentated</h1>
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<hw>E*den`ta*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Edentate</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Edentation</h1>
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<hw>E`den*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A depriving of teeth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Edentulous</h1>
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<hw>E*den"tu*lous</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>edentulus</ets>; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth.]</ety> <def>Toothless.</def>

<h1>Edge</h1>
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<hw>Edge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>eg</ets>, <ets>egge</ets>, AS. <ets>ecg</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>ekka</ets>, G. <ets>ecke</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>egg</ets>, Dan. <ets>eg</ets>, and to L. <ets>acies</ets>, Gr. <?/ point, Skr. <ets>a<?/ri</ets> edge. <?/<?/. Cf. <er>Egg</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Eager</er>, <er>Ear</er> spike of corn, <er>Acute</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The thin cutting side of the blade of an instrument; <as>as, the <ex>edge</ex> of an ax, knife, sword, or scythe</as>. Hence, figuratively, that which cuts as an edge does, or wounds deeply, etc.</def>

<blockquote>He which hath the sharp sword with two <b>edges</b>.
<i>Rev. ii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Slander,
Whose <b>edge</b> is sharper than the sword.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any sharp terminating border; a margin; a brink; extreme verge; <as>as, the <ex>edge</ex> of a table, a precipice</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Upon the <b>edge</b> of yonder coppice.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In worst extremes, and on the perilous <b>edge</b>
Of battle.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Pursue even to the very <b>edge</b> of destruction.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sharpness; readiness of fitness to cut; keenness; intenseness of desire.</def>

<blockquote>The full <b>edge</b> of our indignation.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Death and persecution lose all the ill that they can have, if we do not set an <b>edge</b> upon them by our fears and by our vices.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The border or part adjacent to the line of division; the beginning or early part; <as>as, in the <ex>edge</ex> of evening</as>.</def> "On the <i>edge</i> of winter."

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>Edge joint</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a joint formed by two edges making a corner.</cd> -- <col>Edge mill</col>, <cd>a crushing or grinding mill in which stones roll around on their edges, on a level circular bed; -- used for ore, and as an oil mill. Called also <altname>Chilian mill</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Edge molding</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a molding whose section is made up of two curves meeting in an angle.</cd> -- <col>Edge plane</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <cd>A plane for edging boards.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Shoemaking)</fld> <cd>A plane for edging soles.</cd> -- <col>Edge play</col>, <cd>a kind of swordplay in which backswords or cutlasses are used, and the edge, rather than the point, is employed.</cd> -- <col>Edge rail</col>. <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A rail set on edge; -- applied to a rail of more depth than width.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A guard rail by the side of the main rail at a switch. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Edge railway</col>, <cd>a railway having the rails set on edge.</cd> -- <col>Edge stone</col>, <cd>a curbstone.</cd> -- <col>Edge tool</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any tool instrument having a sharp edge intended for cutting.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tool for forming or dressing an edge; an edging tool.</cd> -- <col>To be on edge</col>, <cd>to be eager, impatient, or anxious.</cd> -- <col>To set the teeth on edge</col>, <cd>to cause a disagreeable tingling sensation in the teeth, as by bringing acids into contact with them.</cd></cs>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Edge</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Edge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Edged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Edging</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish with an edge as a tool or weapon; to sharpen.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>edge</b> her champion's sword.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To shape or dress the edge of, as with a tool.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish with a fringe or border; <as>as, to <ex>edge</ex> a dress; to <ex>edge</ex> a garden with box.</as></def>

<blockquote>Hills whose tops were <b>edged</b> with groves.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make sharp or keen, figuratively; to incite; to exasperate; to goad; to urge or egg on.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>By such reasonings, the simple were blinded, and the malicious <b>edged</b>.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To move by little and little or cautiously, as by pressing forward edgewise; <as>as, <ex>edging</ex> their chairs forwards</as>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Edge</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Edge</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move sideways; to move gradually; <as>as, <ex>edge</ex> along this way</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sail close to the wind.</def>

<blockquote>I must <b>edge</b> up on a point of wind.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To edge away</col> &or; <col>off</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to increase the distance gradually from the shore, vessel, or other object.</cd> -- <col>To edge down</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to approach by slow degrees, as when a sailing vessel approaches an object in an oblique direction from the windward.</cd> -- <col>To edge in</col>, <cd>to get in edgewise; to get in by degrees.</cd> -- <col>To edge in with</col>, <cd>as with a coast or vessel <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, to advance gradually, but not directly, toward it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Edgebone</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Edge"bone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Aitchbone</er>.</def>

<h1>Edgeless</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Edge"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without an edge; not sharp; blunt; obtuse; <as>as, an <ex>edgeless</ex> sword or weapon</as>.</def>

<h1>Edgelong</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Edge"long</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the direction of the edge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Three hundred thousand pieces have you stuck
<b>Edgelong</b> into the ground.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Edgeshot</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Edge"shot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>Having an edge planed, -- said of a board.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Edgeways, Edgewise</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw><hw>Edge"ways</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Edge"wise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With the edge towards anything; in the direction of the edge.</def>

<blockquote>Glad to get in a word, as they say, <b>edgeways</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Edging</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Edg"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which forms an edge or border, as the fringe, trimming, etc., of a garment, or a border in a garden.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The operation of shaping or dressing the edge of anything, as of a piece of metal.</def>

<cs><col>Edging machine</col>, <cd>a machine tool with a revolving cutter, for dressing edges, as of boards, or metal plates, to a pattern or templet.</cd></cs>

<h1>Edgingly</h1>
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<hw>Edg"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Gradually; gingerly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Edgy</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Edg"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Edge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Easily irritated; sharp; <as>as, an <ex>edgy</ex> temper</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Having some of the forms, such as drapery or the like, too sharply defined.</def> "An <i>edgy</i> style of sculpture."

<i>Hazlitt.</i>

<h1>Edh</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Edh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The name of the Anglo-Saxon letter &edh;, capital form <EDH/. It is sounded as "English <i>th</i> in a similar word: &omac;&edh;er, other, d&ocir;&edh;, doth."</def>

<i>March.</i>

<h1>Edibility</h1>
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<hw>Ed`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Suitableness for being eaten; edibleness.</def>

<h1>Edible</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Ed"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>edibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>edere</ets> to eat. See <er>Eat</er>.]</ety> <def>Fit to be eaten as food; eatable; esculent; <as>as, <ex>edible</ex> fishes</as>.</def> <i>Bacon</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything edible.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Edible bird's nest</col>. <cd>See <er>Bird's nest</er>, <p><b>2.</b></cd> -- <col>Edible crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of crab used as food, esp. the American blue crab (<spn>Callinectes hastatus</spn>). See <er>Crab</er>.</cd> -- <col>Edible frog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common European frog (<spn>Rana esculenta</spn>), used as food.</cd> -- <col>Edible snail</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any snail used as food, esp. <spn>Helix pomatia</spn> and <spn>H. aspersa</spn> of Europe.</cd></cs>

<h1>Edibleness</h1>
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<hw>Ed"i*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Suitableness for being eaten.</def>

<h1>Edict</h1>
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<hw>E"dict</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>edictum</ets>, fr. <ets>edicere</ets>, <ets>edictum</ets>, to declare, proclaim; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>dicere</ets> to say: cf. F. <ets>\'82dit</ets>. See <er>Diction</er>.]</ety> <def>A public command or ordinance by the sovereign power; the proclamation of a law made by an absolute authority, as if by the very act of announcement; a decree; <as>as, the <ex>edicts</ex> of the Roman emperors; the <ex>edicts</ex> of the French monarch.</as></def>

<blockquote>It stands as an <b>edict</b> in destiny.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Edict of Nantes</col> <fld>(French Hist.)</fld>, <cd>an edict issued by Henry IV. (<sc>A. D.</sc> 1598), giving toleration to Protestants. Its revocation by Louis XIV. (<sc>A. D.</sc> 1685) was followed by terrible persecutions and the expatriation of thousands of French Protestants.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Decree; proclamation; law; ordinance; statute; rule; order; manifesti; command. See <er>Law</er>.</syn>

<h1>Edictal</h1>
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<hw>E*dic"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or consisting of, edicts; <as>as, the Roman <ex>edictal</ex> law</as>.</def>

<h1>Edificant</h1>
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<hw>Ed"i*fi*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aedificans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>aedificare</ets>. See <er>Edify</er>.]</ety> <def>Building; constructing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dugard.</i>

<h1>Edification</h1>
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<hw>Ed`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aedificatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82dification</ets>. See <er>Edify</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of edifying, or the state of being edified; a building up, especially in a moral or spiritual sense; moral, intellectual, or spiritual improvement; instruction.</def>

<blockquote>The assured <b>edification</b> of his church.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Out of these magazines I shall supply the town with what may tend to their <b>edification</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A building or edifice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bullokar.</i>

<h1>Edificatory</h1>
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<hw>Ed"i*fi*ca`to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to edification.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Edifice</h1>
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<hw>Ed"i*fice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aedificium</ets>, fr. <ets>aedificare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82difice</ets>. See <er>Edify</er>.]</ety> <def>A building; a structure; an architectural fabric; -- chiefly applied to elegant houses, and other large buildings; <as>as, a palace, a church, a statehouse</as>.</def>

<h1>Edificial</h1>
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<hw>Ed`i*fi"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aedificialis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to an edifice; structural.</def>

<h1>Edifier</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Ed"i*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who builds.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who edifies, builds up, or strengthens another by moral or religious instruction.</def>

<h1>Edify</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Ed"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Edified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Edifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82difier</ets>, L. <ets>aedificare</ets>; <ets>aedes</ets> a building, house, orig., a fireplace (akin to Gr. <?/ to burn, Skr. <ets>idh</ets> to kindle, OHG. <ets>eit</ets> funeral pile, AS. <ets>\'bed</ets>, OIr. <ets>aed</ets> fire) + <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Fact</er>, <er>-fy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To build; to construct.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>There was a holy chapel <b>edified</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To instruct and improve, especially in moral and religious knowledge; to teach.</def>

<blockquote>It does not appear probable that our dispute [about miracles] would either <b>edify</b> or enlighten the public.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To teach or persuade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Edify</h1>
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<hw>Ed"i*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To improve.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Edifying</h1>
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<hw>Ed"i*fy`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Instructing; improving; <as>as, an <ex>edifying</ex> conversation</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ed"i*fy`ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ed"i*fy`ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Edile</h1>
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<hw>E"dile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aedilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82dile</ets>. Cf. <er>\'92dile</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>See <er>\'92dile</er>.</def>

<h1>Edileship</h1>
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<hw>E"dile*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of \'91dile.</def>

<i>T. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Edingtonite</h1>
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<hw>Ed"ing*ton*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A grayish white zeolitic mineral, in tetragonal crystals. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta.</def>

<h1>Edit</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Ed"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Edited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Editing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82diter</ets>, or L. <ets>editus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>edere</ets> to give out, put forth, publish; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>dare</ets> to give. See <er>Date</er> a point of time.]</ety> <def>To superintend the publication of; to revise and prepare for publication; to select, correct, arrange, etc., the matter of, for publication; <as>as, to <ex>edit</ex> a newspaper</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Philosophical treatises which have never been <b>edited</b>.
<i>Enfield.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Edition</h1>
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<hw>E*di"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>editio</ets>, fr. <ets>edere</ets> to publish; cf. F. <ets>\'82dition</ets>. See <er>Edit</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A literary work edited and published, as by a certain editor or in a certain manner; <as>as, a good <ex>edition</ex> of Chaucer; Chalmers' <ex>edition</ex> of Shakespeare.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The whole number of copies of a work printed and published at one time; <as>as, the first <ex>edition</ex> was soon sold</as>.</def>

<h1>\'90dition de luxe</h1>
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<hw>\'90`di`tion" de luxe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Luxe</er>.</def>

<h1>Editioner</h1>
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<hw>E*di`tion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An editor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Editor</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Ed"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., that which produces, from <ets>edere</ets> to publish: cf. F. <ets>\'82diteur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who edits; esp., a person who prepares, superintends, revises, and corrects a book, magazine, or newspaper, etc., for publication.</def>

<h1>Editorial</h1>
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<hw>Ed`i*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an editor; written or sanctioned by an editor; <as>as, <ex>editorial</ex> labors; <ex>editorial</ex> remarks.</as></def>
<-- <col>editorial content</col> -->

<h1>Editorial</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Ed`i*to"ri*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A leading article in a newspaper or magazine; an editorial article; an article published as an expression of the views of the editor.</def>

<h1>Editorially</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Ed`i*to"ri*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner or character of an editor or of an editorial article.</def>

<h1>Editorship</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Ed"i*tor*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or charge of an editor; care and superintendence of a publication.</def>

<h1>Editress</h1>
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<hw>Ed"i*tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female editor.</def>

<h1>Edituate</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>E*dit"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>aedituatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aedituare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aedituus</ets> a temple warden; <ets>aedes</ets> building, temple + <ets>tueri</ets> to guard.]</ety> <def>To guard as a churchwarden does.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Gregory.</i>

<h1>Edomite</h1>
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<hw>E"dom*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the descendants of Esau or Edom, the brother of Jacob; an Idumean.</def>

<h1>Edriophthalma</h1>
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<hw>Ed`ri*oph*thal"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ steadfast + <?/ the eye.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Crustacea in which the eyes are without stalks; the Arthrostraca.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Edriophthalmata</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Edriophthalmous</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Ed`ri*oph*thal"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Edriophthalma.</def>

<h1>Educability</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Ed`u*ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82ducabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capability of being educated.</def>

<h1>Educable</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Ed"u*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82ducable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being educated.</def> "Men are <i>educable</i>."

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Educate</h1>
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<hw>Ed"u*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Educated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Educating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>educatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>educare</ets> to bring up a child physically or mentally, to educate, fr. <ets>educere</ets> to <?/ed forth, bring up (a child). See <er>Educe</er>.]</ety> <def>To bring <?/<?/<?/ or guide the powers of, as a child; to develop and cultivate, whether physically, mentally, or morally, but more commonly limited to the mental activities or senses; to expand, strengthen, and discipline, as the mind, a faculty, etc.,; to form and regulate the principles and character of; to prepare and fit for any calling or business by systematic instruction; to cultivate; to train; to instruct; <as>as, to <ex>educate</ex> a child; to <ex>educate</ex> the eye or the taste.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To develop; instruct; teach; inform; enlighten; edify; bring up; train; breed; rear; discipline; indoctrinate.</syn>

<h1>Educated</h1>
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<hw>Ed"u*ca`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed or developed by education; <as>as, an <ex>educated</ex> man</as>.</def>

<h1>Education</h1>
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<hw>Ed`u*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>educatio</ets>; cf. F. <ets>\'82ducation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of educating; the result of educating, as determined by the knowledge skill, or discipline of character, acquired; also, the act or process of training by a prescribed or customary course of study or discipline; <as>as, an <ex>education</ex> for the bar or the pulpit; he has finished his <ex>education</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>To prepare us for complete living is the function which <b>education</b> has to discharge.
<i>H. Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Education</er>, <er>Instruction</er>, <er>Teaching</er>, <er>Training</er>, <er>Breeding</er>.</syn>  <usage><i>Education</i>, properly <i>a drawing forth</i>, implies not so much the communication of knowledge as the discipline of the intellect, the establishment of the principles, and the regulation of the heart. <i>Instruction</i> is that part of education which furnishes the mind with knowledge. <i>Teaching</i> is the same, being simply more familiar. It is also applied to practice; <as>as, <ex>teaching</ex> to speak a language; <ex>teaching</ex> a dog to do tricks</as>. <i>Training</i> is a department of education in which the chief element is exercise or practice for the purpose of imparting facility in any physical or mental operation. <i>Breeding</i> commonly relates to the manners and outward conduct.</usage>

<h1>Educational</h1>
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<hw>Ed`u*ca"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to education.</def> "His <i>educational</i> establishment."

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<h1>Educationist</h1>
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<hw>Ed`u*ca"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is versed in the theories of, or who advocates and promotes, education.</def>

<h1>Educative</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Ed"u*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82ducatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to educate; that gives education; <as>as, an <ex>educative</ex> process; an <ex>educative</ex> experience.</as></def>

<h1>Educator</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>Ed"u*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who educates; a teacher.</def>

<h1>Educe</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>E*duce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Educed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Educing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>educere</ets>; <ets>e</ets> out  + <ets>ducere</ets> to lead. See <er>Duke</er>.]</ety> <def>To bring or draw out; to cause to appear; to produce against counter agency or influence; to extract; to evolve; <as>as, to <ex>educe</ex> a form from matter</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The eternal art <b>educing</b> good from ill.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They want to <b>educe</b> and cultivate what is best and noblest in themselves.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Educible</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>E*du"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being educed.</def>

<h1>Educt</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>E"duct</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eductum</ets>, fr. <ets>educere</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which is educed, as by analysis.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Eduction</h1>
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<hw>E*duc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eductio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of drawing out or bringing into view.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Eduction pipe</col>, &and; <col>Eduction port</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>Exhaust pipe</cref> and <cref>Exhaust port</cref>, under <er>Exhaust</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Eductive</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>E*duc"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to draw out; extractive.</def>

<h1>Eductor</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>E*duc"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., tutor.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, brings forth, elicits, or extracts.</def>

<blockquote>Stimulus must be called an <b>eductor</b> of vital ether.
<i>E. Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Edulcorant</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>E*dul"co*rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Edulcorate</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a tendency to purify or to sweeten by removing or correcting acidity and acrimony.</def>

<h1>Edulcorant</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>E*dul"co*rant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An edulcorant remedy.</def>

<h1>Edulcorate</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>E*dul"co*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Edulcorated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Edulcorating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>e</ets> ou<?/ + <ets>dulcoratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dulcorare</ets> to sweeten, fr. <ets>dulcor</ets> sweetness, fr. <ets>dulcis</ets> sweet: cf. F. <ets>\'82dulcorer</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To render sweet; to sweeten; to free from acidity.</def>

<blockquote>Succory . . . <b>edulcorated</b> with sugar and vinegar.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To free from acids, salts, or other soluble substances, by washing; to purify.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Edulcoration</h1>
<Xpage=471>

<hw>E*dul`co*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82dulcoration</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of sweetening or edulcorating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act of freeing from acids or any soluble substances, by affusions of water.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ure.</i>

<hr>
<page="472">
Page 472<p>

<h1>Edulcorative</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>E*dul"co*ra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to <?/weeten or purify by affusions of water.</def>

<h1>Edulcorator</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>E*dul"co*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A contrivance used to supply small quantities of sweetened liquid, water, etc., to any mixture, or to test tubes, etc.; a dropping bottle.</def>

<h1>Edulious</h1>
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<hw>E*du"li*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>edulis</ets>, fr. <ets>edere</ets> to eat.]</ety> <def>Edible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Edulious</i> pulses."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>-ee</h1>
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<hw>-ee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Formed on the F. p. p. ending <ets>-\'82</ets>, masc.]</ety> <def>A suffix used, chiefly in law terms, in a passive signification, to indicate the direct or indirect object of an action, or the one <i>to whom</i> an act <i>is done</i> or <i>on whom</i> a right <i>is conferred</i>; as in assign<i>ee</i>, don<i>ee</i>, alien<i>ee</i>, grant<i>ee</i>, etc. It is correlative to <i>-or</i>, the agent or doer.</def>

<h1>Eek, Eeke</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw><hw>Eek</hw>, <hw>Eeke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Eke</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Eel</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Eel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets><?/l</ets>; akin to D., G., & Dan. <ets>aal</ets>, Icel. <ets>\'bell</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'86l</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An elongated fish of many genera and species. The common eels of Europe and America belong to the genus <spn>Anguilla</spn>. The electrical eel is a species of <spn>Gymnotus</spn>. The so called <stype>vinegar eel</stype> is a minute nematode worm. See <er>Conger eel</er>, <er>Electric eel</er>, and <er>Gymnotus</er>.</def>

<h1>Eelbuck</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Eel"buck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An eelpot or eel basket.</def>

<h1>Eelfare</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Eel"fare`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Eel</ets> + <ets>fare</ets> a journey or passage.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A brood of eels.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Eelgrass</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Eel"grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Zostera marina</spn>), with very long and narrow leaves, growing abundantly in shallow bays along the North Atlantic coast.</def>

<h1>Eel-mother</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Eel"-moth`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The eelpout.</def>

<h1>Eelpot</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Eel"pot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A boxlike structure with funnel-shaped traps for catching eels; an eelbuck.</def>

<h1>Eelpout</h1>
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<hw>Eel"pout`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets><?/lepute</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A European fish (<spn>Zoarces viviparus</spn>), remarkable for producing living young; -- called also <altname>greenbone</altname>, <altname>guffer</altname>, <altname>bard</altname>, and <altname>Maroona eel</altname>. Also, an American species (<spn>Z. anguillaris</spn>), -- called also <altname>mutton fish</altname>, and, erroneously, <altname>congo eel</altname>, <altname>ling</altname>, and <altname>lamper eel</altname>. Both are edible, but of little value.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A fresh-water fish, the burbot.</def>

<h1>Eelspear</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Eel"spear`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A spear with barbed forks for spearing eels.</def>

<h1>E'en</h1>
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<hw>E'en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>A contraction for <i>even</i>. See <er>Even</er>.</def>

<blockquote>I have <b>e'en</b> done with you.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Een</h1>
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<hw>Een</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The old plural of <er>Eye</er>.</def>

<blockquote>And eke with fatness swollen were his <b>een</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>E'er</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>E'er</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>A contraction for <i>ever</i>. See <er>Ever</er>.</def>

<h1>Eerie, Eery</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw><hw>Ee"rie</hw>, <hw>Ee"ry</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Scotch, fr. AS. <ets>earh</ets> timid.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Serving to inspire fear, esp. a dread of seeing ghosts; wild; weird; <as>as, <ex>eerie</ex> stories</as>.</def>

<blockquote>She whose elfin prancer springs
By night to <b>eery</b> warblings.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affected with fear; affrighted.</def>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Eerily</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Ee"ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a strange, unearthly way.</def>

<h1>Eerisome</h1>
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<hw>Ee"ri*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing fear; eerie.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Eet</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Eet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs. imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Eat</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Effable</h1>
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<hw>Ef"fa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>effabilis</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>fari</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>Capable of being uttered or explained; utterable.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Efface</h1>
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<hw>Ef*face"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Effaced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Effacing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>effacer</ets>; pref. <ets>es-</ets> (L. <ets>ex</ets>) + <ets>face</ets> face; prop., to destroy the face or form. See <er>Face</er>, and cf. <er>Deface</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to disappear (as anything impresses or inscribed upon a surface) by rubbing out, striking out, etc.; to erase; to render illegible or indiscernible; <as>as, to <ex>efface</ex> the letters on a monument, or the inscription on a coin</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To destroy, as a mental impression; to wear away.</def>

<blockquote><b>Efface</b> from his mind the theories and notions vulgarly received.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To blot out; expunge; erase; obliterate; cancel; destroy. -- <er>Efface</er>, <er>Deface</er>. To <i>deface</i> is to injure or impair a figure; to <i>efface</i> is to rub out or destroy, so as to render invisible.</syn>

<h1>Effaceable</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Ef*face"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being effaced.</def>

<h1>Effacement</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Ef*face"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>effacement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act if effacing; also, the result of the act.</def>

<h1>Effascinate</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fas"ci*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>effascinare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To charm; to bewitch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Heywood.</i>

<h1>Effascination</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fas`ci*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>effascinatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A charming; state of being bewitched or deluded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Effect</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Ef*fect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>effectus</ets>, fr. <ets>efficere</ets>, <ets>effectum</ets>, to effect; <ets>ex + facere</ets> to make: cf. F. <ets>effet</ets>, formerly also spelled <ets>effect</ets>. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Execution; performance; realization; operation; <as>as, the law goes into <ex>effect</ex> in May</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That no compunctious visitings of nature
Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between
The <b>effect</b> and it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Manifestation; expression; sign.</def>

<blockquote>All the large <b>effects</b>
That troop with majesty.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In general: That which is produced by an agent or cause; the event which follows immediately from an antecedent, called the <i>cause</i>; result; consequence; outcome; fruit; <as>as, the <ex>effect</ex> of luxury</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>effect</b> is the unfailing index of the amount of the cause.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Impression left on the mind; sensation produced.</def>

<blockquote>Patchwork . . . introduced for oratorical <b>effect</b>.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>effect</b> was heightened by the wild and lonely nature of the place.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Power to produce results; efficiency; force; importance; account; <as>as, to speak with <ex>effect</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Consequence intended; purpose; meaning; general intent; -- with <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>They spake to her to that <b>effect</b>.
<i>2 Chron. xxxiv. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The purport; the sum and substance.</def> "The <i>effect</i> of his intent."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Reality; actual meaning; fact, as distinguished from mere appearance.</def>

<blockquote>No other in <b>effect</b> than what it seems.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Goods; movables; personal estate; -- sometimes used to embrace real as well as personal property; <as>as, the people escaped from the town with their <ex>effects</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>For effect</col>, <cd>for an exaggerated impression or excitement.</cd> -- <col>In effect</col>, <cd>in fact; in substance. See 8, above.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Of no effect</col>, <col>Of none effect</col>, <col>To no effect</col>, &or; <col>Without effect</col></mcol>, <cd>destitute of results, validity, force, and the like; vain; fruitless.</cd>  "Making the word of God <i>of none effect<i> through your tradition." <i>Mark vii. 13</i>. "All my study be <i>to no effect<i>." <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>To give effect to</col>, <cd>to make valid; to carry out in practice; to push to its results.</cd> -- <col>To take effect</col>, <cd>to become operative, to accomplish aims.</cd>

<i>Shak.</i>
</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Effect</er>, <er>Consequence</er>, <er>Result</er>.</syn>  <usage>These words indicate things which arise out of some antecedent, or follow as a consequent. <i>Effect</i>, which may be regarded as the generic term, denotes that which springs directly from something which can properly be termed a cause. A <i>consequence</i> is more remote, not being strictly caused, nor yet a mere sequence, but following out of and following indirectly, or in the train of events, something on which it truly depends.  A <i>result</i> is still more remote and variable, like the rebound of an elastic body which falls in very different directions. We may foresee the <i>effects</i> of a measure, may conjecture its <i>consequences</i>, but can rarely discover its final <i>results</i>.</usage>

<blockquote>Resolving all events, with their <b>effects</b>
And manifold <b>results</b>, into the will
And arbitration wise of the Supreme.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Shun the bitter <b>consequence</b>, for know,
The day thou eatest thereof, . . . thou shalt die.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Effect</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Ef*fect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Effected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Effecting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To produce, as a cause or agent; to cause to be.</def>

<blockquote>So great a body such exploits to <b>effect</b>.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring to pass; to execute; to enforce; to achieve; to accomplish.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>effect</b> that which the divine counsels had decreed.
<i>Bp. Hurd.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They sailed away without <b>effecting</b> their purpose.
<i>Jowett (Th. ).</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To accomplish; fulfill; achieve; complete; execute; perform; attain. See <er>Accomplish</er>.</syn>

<h1>Effecter</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Ef*fect"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who effects.</def>

<h1>Effectible</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Ef*fect"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being done or achieved; practicable; feasible.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Effection</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Ef*fec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>effectio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>effection</ets>.]</ety> <def>Creation; a doing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Effective</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Ef*fect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>effectivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>effectif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the power to produce an effect or effects; producing a decided or decisive effect; efficient; serviceable; operative; <as>as, an <ex>effective</ex> force, remedy, speech; the <ex>effective</ex> men in a regiment.</as></def>

<blockquote>They are not <b>effective</b> of anything, nor leave no work behind them.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whosoever is an <b>effective</b>, real cause of doing his heighbor wrong, is criminal.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Efficient; forcible; active; powerful; energetic; competent. See <er>Effectual</er>.</syn>

<h1>Effective</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Ef*fect"ive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which produces a given effect; a cause.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is capable of active service.</def>

<blockquote>He assembled his army -- 20,000 <b>effectives</b> -- at Corinth.
<i>W. P. Johnston.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>effectif</ets> real, effective, real amount.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Specie or coin, as distinguished from paper currency; -- a term used in many parts of Europe.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Effectively</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Ef*fect"ive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With effect; powerfully; completely; thoroughly.</def>

<h1>Effectiveness</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Ef*fect"ive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being effective.</def>

<h1>Effectless</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Ef*fect"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without effect or advantage; useless; bootless.</def> <i>Shak</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ef*fect"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Effector</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Ef*fect"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>An effecter.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Effectual</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Ef*fec"tu*al</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Effect</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Producing, or having adequate power or force to produce, an intended effect; adequate; efficient; operative; decisive.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote><b>Effectual</b> steps for the suppression of the rebellion.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Effectual calling</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>a doctrine concerning the work of the Holy Spirit in producing conviction of sin and acceptance of salvation by Christ, -- one of the five points of Calvinism. See <er>Calvinism</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Effectual</er>, <er>Efficacious</er>, <er>Effective</er>.</syn>  <usage>An <i>efficacious</i> remedy is had recourse to, and proves <i>effective</i> if it does decided good, <i>effectual</i> if it does all the good desired.</usage>

<i>C. J. Smith.</i>

<h1>Effectually</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Ef*fec"tu*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With effect; efficaciously.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Actually; in effect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Effectualness</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Ef*fec"tu*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being effectual.</def>

<h1>Effectuate</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Ef*fec"tu*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Effectuated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Effectuating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>effectuer</ets>. See <er>Effect</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To bring to pass; to effect; to achieve; to accomplish; to fulfill.</def>

<blockquote>A fit instrument to <b>effectuate</b> his desire.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In order to <b>effectuate</b> the thorough reform.
<i>G. T. Curtis.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Effectuation</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Ef*fec`tu*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of effectuating.</def>

<h1>Effectuose, Effectuous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ef*fec"tu*ose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ef*fec"tu*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Effective.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Effectuously</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fec"tu*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Effectively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Effeminacy</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fem"i*na*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Effeminacies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[From <er>Effeminate</er>.]</ety> <def>Characteristic quality of a woman, such as softness, luxuriousness, delicacy, or weakness, which is unbecoming a man; womanish delicacy or softness; -- used reproachfully of men.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Effeminate</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fem"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>effeminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>effeminare</ets> to make a woman of; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>femina</ets> a woman. See <er>Feminine</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having some characteristic of a woman, as delicacy, luxuriousness, etc.; soft or delicate to an unmanly degree; womanish; weak.</def>

<blockquote>The king, by his voluptuous life and mean marriage, became <b>effeminate</b>, and less sensible of honor.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An <b>effeminate</b> and unmanly foppery.
<i>Bp. Hurd.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Womanlike; womanly; tender; -- in a good sense.</def>

<blockquote>Gentle, kind, <b>effeminate</b> remorse.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Effeminate</i> and <i>womanish</i> are generally used in a reproachful sense; <i>feminine</i> and <i>womanly</i>, applied to women, are epithets of propriety or commendation.</note>

<h1>Effeminate</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fem"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Effeminated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Effeminating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make womanish; to make soft and delicate; to weaken.</def>

<blockquote>It will not corrupt or <b>effeminate</b> children's minds.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Effeminate</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fem"i*nate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow womanish or weak.</def>

<blockquote>In a slothful peace both courage will <b>effeminate</b> and manners corrupt.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Effeminately</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fem"i*nate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an effeminate or womanish manner; weakly; softly; delicately.</def> "Proud and <i>effeminately</i> gay."

<i>Fawkes.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By means of a woman; by the power or art of a woman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Effeminately</i> vanquished."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Effeminateness</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fem"i*nate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being effeminate; unmanly softness.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Effemination</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fem`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>effeminatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Effeminacy; womanishness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Effeminize</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fem"i*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make effeminate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Effendi</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fen"di</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk. <ets>efendi</ets>, fr. Modern Gr.  <?/, fr. Gr. <?/ a chief. See <er>Authentic</er>.]</ety> <def>Master; sir; -- a title of a Turkish state official and man of learning, especially one learned in the law.</def>

<h1>Efferent</h1>
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<hw>Ef"fe*rent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>efferens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>effere</ets> to bear out; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Conveying outward, or discharging; -- applied to certain blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Conveyed outward; <as>as, <ex>efferent</ex> impulses, <it>i. e.</it>, such as are conveyed by the motor or <i>efferent</i> nerves from the central nervous organ outwards; -- opposed to <i>afferent</i>.</def>

<h1>Efferent</h1>
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<hw>Ef"fe*rent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An efferent duct or stream.</def>

<h1>Efferous</h1>
<Xpage=472>

<hw>Ef"fer*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>efferus</ets> savage; <ets>ex</ets> (intens.) + <ets>ferus</ets> wild.]</ety> <def>Like a wild beast; fierce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Effervesce</h1>
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<hw>Ef`fer*vesce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Effervesced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Effervescing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>effervescere</ets>; <ets>ex + fervescere</ets> to begin boiling, incho., fr. <ets>fervere</ets> to boil. See <er>Fervent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To be in a state of natural ebullition; to bubble and hiss, as fermenting liquors, or any fluid, when some part escapes in a gaseous form.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exhibit, in lively natural expression, feelings that can not be repressed or concealed; <as>as, to <ex>effervesce</ex> with joy or merriment</as>.</def>

<h1>Effervescence, Effervescency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ef`fer*ves"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ef`fer*ves"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>effervescence</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of natural ebullition; that commotion of a fluid which takes place when some part of the mass flies off in a gaseous form, producing innumerable small bubbles; <as>as, the <ex>effervescence</ex> of a carbonate with citric acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Effervescent</h1>
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<hw>Ef`fer*ves"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>effervescences</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>effervescere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>effervescent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gently boiling or bubbling, by means of the disengagement of gas</def>

<h1>Effervescible</h1>
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<hw>Ef`fer*ves"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of effervescing.</def>

<h1>Effervescive</h1>
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<hw>Ef`fer*ves"cive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to produce effervescence.</def> "An <i>effervescive</i> force."

<i>Hickok.</i>

<h1>Effet</h1>
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<hw>Ef"fet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Eft</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common newt; -- called also <altname>asker</altname>, <altname>eft</altname>, <altname>evat</altname>, and <altname>ewt</altname>.</def>

<h1>Effete</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>effetus</ets> that has brought forth, exhausted; <ets>ex + fetus</ets> that has brought forth. See <er>Fetus</er>.]</ety> <def>No longer capable of producing young, as an animal, or fruit, as the earth; hence, worn out with age; exhausted of energy; incapable of efficient action; no longer productive; barren; sterile.</def>

<blockquote><b>Effete</b> results from virile efforts.
<i>Mrs. Browning</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If they find the old governments <b>effete</b>, worn out, . . . they may seek new ones.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Efficacious</h1>
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<hw>Ef`fi*ca"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eficax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, fr. <ets>efficere</ets>. See <er>Effect</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Possessing the quality of being effective; productive of, or powerful to produce, the effect intended; <as>as, an <ex>efficacious</ex> law</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Effectual</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ef`fi*ca"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ef`fi*ca"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Efficacity</h1>
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<hw>Ef`fi*cac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>efficacitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>efficacit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Efficacy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Fryth.</i>

<h1>Efficacy</h1>
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<hw>Ef"fi*ca*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>efficacia</ets>, fr. <ets>efficax</ets>. See <er>Efficacious</er>.]</ety> <def>Power to produce effects; operation or energy of an agent or force; production of the effect intended; <as>as, the <ex>efficacy</ex> of medicine in counteracting disease; the <ex>efficacy</ex> of prayer.</as></def> "Of noxious <i>efficacy</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Virtue; force; energy; potency; efficiency.</syn>

<h1>Efficience, Efficiency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ef*fi"cience</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ef*fi"cien*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>efficientia</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being efficient or producing an effect or effects; efficient power; effectual agency.</def>

<blockquote>The manner of this divine <b>efficiency</b> being far above us.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The ratio of useful work to energy expended.</def>

<i>Rankine.</i>

<cs><col>Efficiency of a heat engine</col>, <cd>the ratio of the work done an engine, to the work due to the heat supplied to it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Efficient</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fi"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>efficiens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>efficere</ets> to effect: cf. F. <ets>efficient</ets>. See <er>Effect</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Causing effects; producing results; that makes the effect to be what it is; actively operative; not inactive, slack, or incapable; characterized by energetic and useful activity; <as>as, an <ex>efficient</ex> officer, power</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>efficient</b> cause is the working cause.
<i>Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Effective; effectual; competent; able; capable; material; potent.</syn>

<hr>
<page="473">
Page 473<p>

<h1>Efficient</h1>
<Xpage=473>

<hw>Ef*fi"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An efficient cause; a prime mover.</def>

<blockquote>God . . . moveth mere natural agents as an <b>efficient</b> only.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Efficiently</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fi"cient*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With effect; effectively.</def>

<h1>Effierce</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fierce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ex-</ets> (intens.) + <ets>fierce</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make fierce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Effigial</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fig"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to an effigy.</def>

<h1>Effigiate</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fig"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>effigiatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>effigiare</ets> to form, fr. <ets>effigies</ets>. See <er>Effigy</er>.]</ety> <def>To form as an effigy; hence, to fashion; to adapt.</def>

<blockquote>[He must] <b>effigiate</b> and conform himself to those circumstances.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Effigiation</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fig`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>effigiatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of forming in resemblance; an effigy.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Effigies</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fig"i*es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See <er>Effigy</er>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Effigy</h1>
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<hw>Ef"fi*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Effigies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>effigies</ets>, fr. <ets>effingere</ets> to form, fashion; <ets>ex</ets> + <ets>fingere</ets> to form, shape, devise. See <er>Feign</er>.]</ety> <def>The image, likeness, or representation of a person, whether a full figure, or a part; an imitative figure; -- commonly applied to sculptured likenesses, as those on monuments, or to those of the heads of princes on coins and medals, sometimes applied to portraits.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To burn</col>, &or; <col>To hang</col>, <col>in effigy</col></mcol>, <cd>to burn or to hang an image or picture of a person, as a token of public odium.</cd></cs>

<h1>Efflagitate</h1>
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<hw>Ef*flag"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>efflagitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>efflagitare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To ask urgently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Efflate</h1>
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<hw>Ef*flate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>efflatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>efflare</ets> to blow or breathe out; <ets>ex + flare</ets> to blow.]</ety> <def>To fill with breath; to puff up.</def>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Efflation</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fla"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of filling with wind; a breathing or puffing out; a puff, as of wind.</def>

<blockquote>A soft <b>efflation</b> of celestial fire.
<i>Parnell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Effloresce</h1>
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<hw>Ef`flo*resce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt>   <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Effloresced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Efflorescing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>efflorescere</ets> to bloom, blossom; <ets>ex + florescere</ets> to begin to blossom, incho., fr. <ets>florere</ets> to blossom, fr. <ets>flos</ets> a flower. See <er>Flower</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To blossom forth.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To change on the surface, or throughout, to a whitish, mealy, or crystalline powder, from a gradual decomposition, esp. from the loss of water, on simple exposure to the air; <as>as, Glauber's salts, and many others, <ex>effloresce</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To become covered with a whitish crust or light crystallization, from a slow chemical change between some of the ingredients of the matter covered and an acid proceeding commonly from an external source; <as>as, the walls of limestone caverns sometimes <ex>effloresce</ex> with nitrate of calcium in consequence of the action in consequence of nitric acid formed in the atmosphere</as>.</def>

<h1>Efflorescence</h1>
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<hw>Ef`flo*res"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>efflorescence</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Flowering, or state of flowering; the blooming of flowers; blowth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A redness of the skin; eruption, as in rash, measles, smallpox, scarlatina, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The formation of the whitish powder or crust on the surface of efflorescing bodies, as salts, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The powder or crust thus formed.</def>

<h1>Efflorescency</h1>
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<hw>Ef`flo*res"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being efflorescent; efflorescence.</def>

<h1>Efflorescent</h1>
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<hw>Ef`flo*res"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>efflorescent</ets>, L. <ets>efflorescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, blooming, p. pr. of <ets>efflorescere</ets>. See <er>Effloresce</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That effloresces, or is liable to effloresce on exposure; <as>as, an <ex>efflorescent</ex> salt</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Covered with an efflorescence.</def>

<h1>Efflower</h1>
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<hw>Ef*flow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>effleurer</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Leather Making)</fld> <def>To remove the epidermis of (a skin) with a concave knife, blunt in its middle part, -- as in making chamois leather.</def>

<h1>Effluence</h1>
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<hw>Ef"flu*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>effluence</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A flowing out, or emanation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which flows or issues from any body or substance; issue; efflux.</def>

<blockquote>Bright <b>effluence</b> of bright essence increate!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And, as if the gloom of the earth and sky had been but the <b>effluence</b> of these two mortal hearts, it vanished with their sorrow.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Effluency</h1>
<Xpage=473>

<hw>Ef"flu*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Effluence.</def>

<h1>Effluent</h1>
<Xpage=473>

<hw>Ef"flu*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>effluens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>effluere</ets> to flow out; <ets>ex + fluere</ets> to flow: cf. F. <ets>effluent</ets>. See <er>Fluent</er>.]</ety> <def>Flowing out; <as>as, <ex>effluent</ex> beams</as>.</def>

<i>Parnell.</i>

<h1>Effluent</h1>
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<hw>Ef"flu*ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>A stream that flows out of another stream or lake.</def>

<h1>Effluviable</h1>
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<hw>Ef*flu"vi*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being given off as an effluvium.</def> "<i>Effluviable</i> matter."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Effluvial</h1>
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<hw>Ef*flu"vi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to effluvia.</def>

<h1>Effluviate</h1>
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<hw>Ef*flu"vi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To give forth effluvium.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "An <i>effluviating</i> power."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Effluvium</h1>
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<hw>Ef*flu"vi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Effluvia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a flowing out, fr. <ets>effluere</ets> to flow out. See <er>Effluent</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Subtile or invisible emanation; exhalation perceived by the sense of smell; especially, noisome or noxious exhalation; <as>as, the <ex>effluvium</ex> from diseased or putrefying bodies, or from ill drainage</as>.</def>

<h1>Efflux</h1>
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<hw>Ef"flux</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Effluent</er>, <er>Flux</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of flowing out, or issuing forth; effusion; outflow; <as>as, the <ex>efflux</ex> of matter from an ulcer; the <ex>efflux</ex> of men's piety.</as></def>

<blockquote>It is then that the devout affections . . . are incessantly in <b>efflux</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which flows out; emanation; effluence.</def>

<blockquote>Prime cheerer, light! . . .
<b>Efflux</b> divine.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Efflux</h1>
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<hw>Ef*flux"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To run out; to flow forth; to pass away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Effluxion</h1>
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<hw>Ef*flux"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Efflux</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of flowing out; effusion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which flows out; effluvium; emanation.</def>

<blockquote>Some light <b>effluxions</b> from spirit to spirit.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Effodient</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fo"di*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>effodiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>effodere</ets> to dig out; <ets>ex + fodere</ets> to dig.]</ety> <def>Digging up.</def>

<h1>Efforce</h1>
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<hw>Ef*force</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Efforced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Efforcing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>esforcier</ets> (F. <ets>s'efforcer</ets> to exert one's self), LL. <ets>exforciare</ets>; L. <ets>ex + fortis</ets> strong. See <er>Force</er>.]</ety> <def>To force; to constrain; to compel to yield.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Efform</h1>
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<hw>Ef*form"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ex-</ets> + <ets>form</ets>.]</ety> <def>To form; to shape.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Efforming</b> their words within their lips.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Efformation</h1>
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<hw>Ef`for*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of giving shape or form.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Effort</h1>
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<hw>Ef"fort</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>effort</ets>, OF. <ets>esfort</ets>, for <ets>esfors</ets>, <ets>esforz</ets>, fr. <ets>esforcier</ets>. See <er>Efforce</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An exertion of strength or power, whether physical or mental, in performing an act or aiming at an object; more or less strenuous endeavor; struggle directed to the accomplishment of an object; <as>as, an <ex>effort</ex> to scale a wall</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We prize the stronger <b>effort</b> of his power.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A force acting on a body in the direction of its motion.</def>

<i>Rankine.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Endeavor; exertion; struggle; strain; straining; attempt; trial; essay. See <er>Attempt</er>.</syn>

<h1>Effort</h1>
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<hw>Ef"fort</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To stimulate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "He <i>efforted</i> his spirits."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Effortless</h1>
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<hw>Ef"fort*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making no effort.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Effossion</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fos"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>effossio</ets>. See <er>Effodient</er>.]</ety> <def>A digging out or up.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>effossion</i> of coins."

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Effranchise</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fran"chise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ex-</ets> + <ets>franchise</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>esfranchir</ets>.]</ety> <def>To enfranchise.</def>

<h1>Effray</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fray"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>effrayer</ets>. See <er>Affray</er>.]</ety> <def>To frighten; to scare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Effrayable</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fray"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Frightful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Effrenation</h1>
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<hw>Ef`fre*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>effrenatio</ets>, fr. <ets>effrenare</ets> to unbridle; <ets>ex + frenum</ets> a bridle.]</ety> <def>Unbridled license; unruliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Effront</h1>
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<hw>Ef*front"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give assurance to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Effrontery</h1>
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<hw>Ef*front"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Effronteries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>effronterie</ets>, fr. <ets>effront\'82</ets> shameless, fr. L. <ets>effrons</ets>, <ets>-ontis</ets>, putting forth the forehead, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., barefaced, shameless; <ets>ex</ets> + <ets>frons</ets> the forehead. See <er>Front</er>.]</ety> <def>Impudence or boldness in confronting or in transgressing the bounds of duty or decorum; insulting presumptuousness; shameless boldness; barefaced assurance.</def>

<blockquote>Corruption lost nothing of its <b>effrontery</b>.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Impudence; sauciness. See <er>Impudence</er>.</syn>

<h1>Effrontit</h1>
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<hw>Ef*front"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>effront\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Marked by impudence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Effrontuously</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fron"tu*ous*ly</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Impudently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. North.</i>

<h1>Effulge</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fulge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Effulged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Effulging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>effulgere</ets> to shine forth; <ets>ex + fulgere</ets> to flash, shine. See <er>Fulgent</er>.]</ety> <def>To cause to shine with abundance of light; to radiate; to beam.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>His eyes <b>effulging</b> a peculiar fire.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Effulge</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fulge"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To shine forth; to beam.</def>

<h1>Effulgence</h1>
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<hw>Ef*ful"gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being effulgent; extreme brilliancy; a flood of light; great luster or brightness; splendor.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>effulgence</b> of his glory abides.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The bright and the balmy <b>effulgence</b> of morn.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Effulgent</h1>
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<hw>Ef*ful"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>effulgens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>effulgere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Diffusing a flood of light; shining; luminous; beaming; bright; splendid.</def> "<i>Effulgent</i> rays of light."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Effulgently</h1>
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<hw>Ef*ful"gent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an effulgent manner.</def>

<h1>Effumability</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fu`ma*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The capability of flying off in fumes or vapor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Effume</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fume"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>effumare</ets> to emit smoke; <ets>ex + fumare</ets> to smoke, fr. <ets>fumus</ets> smoke.]</ety> <def>To breathe or puff out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Effund</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fund"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>effundere</ets>. See <er>Effuse</er>.]</ety> <def>To pour out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Effuse</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>effusus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>effundere</ets> to pour out; <ets>ex + fundere</ets> to pour. See <er>Fuse</er> to melt.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Poured out freely; profuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So should our joy be very <b>effuse</b>.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disposed to pour out freely; prodigal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Young.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Spreading loosely, especially on one side; <as>as, an <ex>effuse</ex> inflorescence</as>.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the lips, or edges, of the aperture abruptly spreading; -- said of certain shells.</def>

<h1>Effuse</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fuse"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Effusion; loss.</def> "Much <i>effuse</i> of blood."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Effuse</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Effused</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Effusing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To pour out like a stream or freely; to cause to exude; to shed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>With gushing blood <b>effused</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Effuse</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fuse"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To emanate; to issue.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Effusion</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>effusio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>effusion</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of pouring out; <as>as, <ex>effusion</ex> of water, of blood, of grace, of words, and the like</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To save the <b>effusion</b> of my people's blood.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is poured out, literally or figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>Wash me with that precious <b>effusion</b>, and I shall be whiter than sow.
<i>Eikon Basilike.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The light <b>effusions</b> of a heedless boy.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Pathol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The escape of a fluid out of its natural vessel, either by rupture of the vessel, or by exudation through its walls. It may pass into the substance of an organ, or issue upon a free surface.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The liquid escaping or exuded.</def>

<h1>Effusive</h1>
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<hw>Ef*fu"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pouring out; pouring forth freely.</def> "Washed with the <i>effusive</i> wave."

<i>Pope.</i>

<cs><col>Effusive rocks</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>volcanic rocks, in distinction from so-called <i>intrusive<i>, or <i>plutonic<i>, rocks.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ef*fu"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ef*fu"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Efreet</h1>
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<hw>Ef"reet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Afrit</er>.</def>

<h1>Eft</h1>
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<hw>Eft</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>efete</ets> lizard. See <er>Newt</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A European lizard of the genus <spn>Seps</spn></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A salamander, esp. the European smooth newt (<spn>Triton punctatus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Eft</h1>
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<hw>Eft</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>eft</ets>, <ets>\'91ft</ets>, again, back, afterward. See <er>Aft</er>, <er>After</er>.]</ety> <def>Again; afterwards; soon; quickly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I wold never <b>eft</b> comen into the snare.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eftsoon, Eftsoons</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eft*soon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Eft*soons"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>eftsone</ets>, <ets>eftsones</ets>; AS. <ets>eft + s<?/na</ets> soon. See <er>Eft</er>, and <er>Soon</er>.]</ety> <def>Again; anew; a second time; at once; speedily.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>And, if he fall from his capel [horse] <b>eftsone</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The champion stout <b>eftsoons</b> dismounted.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Egad</h1>
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<hw>E*gad"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Euphemistic corruption of the oath, "by God."]</ety> <def>An exclamation expressing exultation or surprise, etc.</def>

<h1>Egal</h1>
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<hw>E"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82gal</ets>. See <er>Equal</er>.]</ety> <def>Equal; impartial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Egality</h1>
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<hw>E*gal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>egalite</ets>, F. <ets>\'82galit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Equality.</def>

<i>Chaucer. Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Egean</h1>
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<hw>E*ge"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>\'92gean</er>.</def>

<h1>Egence</h1>
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<hw>E"gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>egens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>egere</ets> to be needy, suffer want.]</ety> <def>The state of needing, or of suffering a natural want.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Grote.</i>

<h1>Eger, Egre</h1>
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<hw><hw>E"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E"gre</hw><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Eager</er>.]</ety> <def>Sharp; bitter; acid; sour.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>egre</b> words of thy friend.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eger</h1>
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<hw>E"ger</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An impetuous flood; a bore. See <er>Eagre</er>.</def>

<h1>Egerminate</h1>
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<hw>E*ger"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>egerminare</ets> to sprout.]</ety> <def>To germinate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Egest</h1>
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<hw>E*gest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>egestus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>egerere</ets> to carry out, to discharge; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>gerere</ets> to carry.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To cast or throw out; to void, as excrement; to excrete, as the indigestible matter of the food; in an extended sense, to excrete by the lungs, skin, or kidneys.</def>

<h1>Egesta</h1>
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<hw>E*ges"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., neut. pl. from p. p. of L. <ets>egere</ets>. See <er>Egest</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>That which is egested or thrown off from the body by the various excretory channels; excrements; -- opposed to <i>ingesta</i>.</def>

<h1>Egestion</h1>
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<hw>E*ges"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>egestio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act or process of egesting; a voiding.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Egg</h1>
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<hw>Egg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE., fr. Icel. <ets>egg</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>\'91g</ets> (whence OE. <ets>ey</ets>), Sw. <ets>\'84gg</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'91g</ets>, G. & D. <ets>ei</ets>, and prob. to OSlav. <ets>aje</ets>, <ets>jaje</ets>, L. <ets>ovum</ets>, Gr. <?/, Ir. <ets>ugh</ets>, Gael. <ets>ubh</ets>, and perh. to L. <ets>avis</ets> bird. Cf. <er>Oval</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Popularly)</fld> <def>The oval or roundish body laid by domestic poultry and other birds, tortoises, etc. It consists of a yolk, usually surrounded by the "white" or albumen, and inclosed in a shell or strong membrane.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A simple cell, from the development of which the young of animals are formed; ovum; germ cell.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything resembling an egg in form.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Egg</i> is used adjectively, or as the first part of self-explaining compounds; as, <i>egg</i> beater or <i>egg</i>-beater, <i>egg</i> case, <i>egg</i> ladle, <i>egg</i>-shaped, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Egg and anchor</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an egg-shaped ornament, alternating with another in the form of a dart, used to enrich the ovolo; -- called also <altname>egg and dart</altname>, and <altname>egg and tongue</altname>. See <er>Anchor</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</cd> <i>Ogilvie</i>. -- <col>Egg cleavage</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>a process of cleavage or segmentation, by which the egg undergoes endogenous division with formation of a mass of nearly similar cells, from the growth and differentiation of which the new organism is ultimately formed. See <cref>Segmentation of the ovum</cref>, under <er>Segmentation</er>.</cd> -- <col>Egg development</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the process of the development of an egg, by which the embryo is formed.</cd> -- <col>Egg mite</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any mite which devours the eggs of insects, as <spn>Nothrus ovivorus</spn>, which destroys those of the canker worm.</cd> -- <col>Egg parasite</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any small hymenopterous insect, which, in the larval stage, lives within the eggs of other insects. Many genera and species are known.</cd></cs>

<h1>Egg</h1>
<Xpage=473>

<hw>Egg</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Egged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Egging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>eggen</ets>, Icel. <ets>eggja</ets>, fr. <ets>egg</ets> edge. <?/<?/. See <er>Edge</er>.]</ety> <def>To urge on; to instigate; to incite<?/</def>

<blockquote>Adam and Eve he <b>egged</b> to ill.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[She] did <b>egg</b> him on to tell
How fair she was.
<i>Warner.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eggar</h1>
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<hw>Eg"gar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bombycid moth of the genera <spn>Eriogaster</spn> and <spn>Lasiocampa</spn>; <as>as, the oak <ex>eggar</ex> (<spn>L. roboris</spn>) of Europe.</as></def>

<h1>Egg-bird</h1>
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<hw>Egg"-bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of tern, esp. the sooty tern (<spn>Sterna fuliginosa</spn>) of the West Indies. In the Bahama Islands the name is applied to the tropic bird, <spn>Pha\'89thon flavirostris</spn>.</def>

<h1>Egg-cup</h1>
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<hw>Egg"-cup`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cup used for holding an egg, at table.</def>

<h1>Eggement</h1>
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<hw>Eg"ge*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Egg</ets>, v. t. + <ets>-ment</ets>.]</ety> <def>Instigation; incitement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Egger</h1>
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<hw>Egg"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Egg</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>One who gathers eggs; an eggler.</def>

<h1>Egger</h1>
<Xpage=473>

<hw>Egg"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Egg</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>One who eggs or incites.</def>

<h1>Eggery</h1>
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<hw>Egg"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place where eggs are deposited (as by sea birds) or kept; a nest of eggs.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Egg-glass</h1>
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<hw>Egg"-glass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small sandglass, running about three minutes, for marking time in boiling eggs; also, a small glass for holding an egg, at table.</def>

<h1>Egghot</h1>
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<hw>Egg"hot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of posset made of eggs, brandy, sugar, and ale.</def>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Eggler</h1>
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<hw>Egg"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gathers, or deals in, eggs.</def>

<h1>Eggnog</h1>
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<hw>Egg`nog"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A drink consisting of eggs beaten up with sugar, milk, and (usually) wine or spirits.</def>

<h1>Eggplant</h1>
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<hw>Egg"plant`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Solanum Melongena</spn>), of East Indian origin, allied to the tomato, and bearing a large, smooth, edible fruit, shaped somewhat like an egg; mad-apple.</def>

<hr>
<page="474">
Page 474<p>

<h1>Egg-shaped</h1>
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<hw>Egg"-shaped`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling an egg in form; ovoid.</def>

<h1>Eggshell</h1>
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<hw>Egg"shell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The shell or exterior covering of an egg. Also used figuratively for anything resembling an eggshell.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A smooth, white, marine, gastropod shell of the genus <spn>Ovulum</spn>, resembling an egg in form.</def>

<h1>Egg squash</h1>
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<hw>Egg" squash`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A variety of squash with small egg-shaped fruit.</def>

<h1>Eghen</h1>
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<hw>E"ghen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Eyes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Egilopical</h1>
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<hw>Eg`i*lop"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>\'92gilops</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, of the nature of, or affected with, an \'91gilops, or tumor in the corner of the eye.</def>

<h1>Egilops</h1>
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<hw>Eg"i*lops</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>\'92gilops</er>.</def>

<h1>Eglandulose; 135, Eglandulous</h1>
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<hw><hw>E*glan"du*lose`</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <hw>E*glan"du*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref.  <ets>e-</ets> + <ets>glandulose</ets>, <ets>glandulosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Destitute of glands.</def>

<h1>Eglantine</h1>
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<hw>Eg"lan*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82glantine</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>aiglent</ets> brier, hip tree, fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>acuculentus</ets>, fr. a dim. of L. <ets>acus</ets> needle; cf. F. <ets>aiguille</ets> needle. Cf. <er>Aglet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A species of rose (<spn>Rosa Eglanteria</spn>), with fragrant foliage and flowers of various colors</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The sweetbrier (<spn>R. rubiginosa</spn>).</def>

<note>&hand; Milton, in the following lines, has applied the name to some twinning plant, perhaps the honeysuckle.</note>

<blockquote>Through the sweetbrier, or the vine,
Or the twisted <b>eglantine</b>.
<i>L'Allegro, 47.</i></blockquote>

"In our early writers and in Gerarde and the herbalists, it was a shrub with white flowers."
<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Eglatere</h1>
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<hw>Eg"la*tere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Eglantine.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>eglantere</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Egling</h1>
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<hw>Eg"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European perch when two years old.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Eglomerate</h1>
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<hw>E*glom"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>e-</ets> + <ets>glomerate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To unwind, as a thread from a ball.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ego</h1>
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<hw>E"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., I.]</ety> <fld>(Met.)</fld> <def>The conscious and permanent subject of all psychical experiences, whether held to be directly known or the product of reflective thought; -- opposed to <i>non-ego</i>.</def>

<h1>Egoical</h1>
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<hw>E*go"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to egoism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Egoism</h1>
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<hw>E"go*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82go\'8bsme</ets>, fr. L. <ets>-ego</ets> I. See <er>I</er>, and cf. <er>Egotism</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The doctrine of certain extreme adherents or disciples of Descartes and Johann Gottlieb Fichte, which finds all the elements of knowledge in the <i>ego</i> and the relations which it implies or provides for.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Excessive love and thought of self; the habit of regarding one's self as the center of every interest; selfishness; -- opposed to <i>altruism</i>.</def>

<h1>Egoist</h1>
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<hw>E"go*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82go\'8bste</ets>. See <er>Egoism</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One given overmuch to egoism or thoughts of self.</def>

<blockquote>I, dullard <b>egoist</b>, taking no special recognition of such nobleness.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>A believer in egoism.</def>

<h1>Egoistic, Egoistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>E`go*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E`go*is"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to egoism; imbued with egoism or excessive thoughts of self; self-loving.</def>

<blockquote>Ill-natured feeling, or <b>egoistic</b> pleasure in making men miserable.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Egoistically</h1>
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<hw>E`go*is"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an egoistic manner.</def>

<h1>Egoity</h1>
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<hw>E*go"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Personality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Egomism</h1>
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<hw>E"go*mism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Egoism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>A. Baxter.</i>

<h1>Egophonic</h1>
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<hw>E`go*phon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, egophony.</def>

<h1>Egophony</h1>
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<hw>E*goph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, goat + <?/ voice.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The sound of a patient's voice so modified as to resemble the bleating of a goat, heard on applying the ear to the chest in certain diseases within its cavity, as in pleurisy with effusion.</def>

<h1>Egotheism</h1>
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<hw>E"go*the`ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ I + <?/ God.]</ety> <def>The deification of self.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Egotism</h1>
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<hw>E"go*tism</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ego</ets> I + ending <ets>-tism</ets> for <ets>-ism</ets>, prob. influenced by other English words in <ets>-tism</ets> fr. the Greek, where <ets>t</ets> is not part of the ending, as <ets>baptism</ets>. See <er>Egoism</er>.]</ety> <def>The practice of too frequently using the word <i>I</i>; hence, a speaking or writing overmuch of one's self; self-exaltation; self-praise; the act or practice of magnifying one's self or parading one's own doings. The word is also used in the sense of <i>egoism</i>.</def>

<blockquote>His excessive <b>egotism</b>, which filled all objects with himself.
<i>Hazlitt.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Egotism</er>, <er>Self-conceit</er>, <er>Vanity</er>, <er>Egoism</er>. <i>Self-conceit</i> is an overweening opinion of one's talents, capacity, attractions, etc.; <i>egotism</i> is the acting out of <i>self-conceit</i>, or self-importance, in words and exterior conduct; <i>vanity</i> is inflation of mind arising from the idea of being thought highly of by others. It shows itself by its eagerness to catch the notice of others. <i>Egoism</i> is a state in which the feelings are concentrated on one's self. Its expression is <i>egotism</i>.</syn>

<h1>Egotist</h1>
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<hw>E"go*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ego</ets> I + ending <ets>-tist</ets> for <ets>-ist</ets>. See <er>Egotism</er>, and cf. <er>Egoist</er>.]</ety> <def>One addicted to egotism; one who speaks much of himself or magnifies his own achievements or affairs.</def>

<h1>Egotistic, Egotistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>E`go*tis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E`go*tis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Addicted to, or manifesting, egotism.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Conceited; vain; self-important; opinionated.</syn>

<h1>Egotistically</h1>
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<hw>E`go*tis"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With egotism.</def>

<h1>Egotize</h1>
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<hw>E"go*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Egotized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Egotizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Egotism</er>.]</ety> <def>To talk or write as an egotist.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Egranulose</h1>
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<hw>E*gran"u*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>e-</ets> + <ets>granule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having no granules, as chlorophyll in certain conditions.</def>

<i>R. Brown.</i>

<h1>Egre</h1>
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<hw>E"gre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Eager</er>, and <er>Eagre</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Egregious</h1>
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<hw>E*gre"gious</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>egregius</ets>; lit., separated or chosen from the herd, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., distinguished, excellent; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>grex</ets>, <ets>gregis</ets>, herd. See <er>Gregarious</er>.]</ety> <def>Surpassing; extraordinary; distinguished (in a bad sense); -- formerly used with words importing a good quality, but now joined with words having a bad sense; <as>as, an <ex>egregious</ex> rascal; an <ex>egregious</ex> ass; an <ex>egregious</ex> mistake.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>egregious</b> impudence of this fellow.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His [Wyclif's] <b>egregious</b> labors are not to be neglected.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Egregiously</h1>
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<hw>E*gre"gious*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Greatly; enormously; shamefully; <as>as, <ex>egregiously</ex> cheated</as>.</def>

<h1>Egregiousness</h1>
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<hw>E*gre"gious*ness</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being egregious.</def>

<h1>Egremoin</h1>
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<hw>Eg"re*moin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Agrimony</er>.]</ety> <def>Agrimony (<spn>Agrimonia Eupatoria</spn>).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Egress</h1>
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<hw>E"gress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>egressus</ets>, fr. <ets>egredi</ets> to go out; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>gradi</ets> to go. See <er>Grade</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of going out or leaving, or the power to leave; departure.</def>

<blockquote>Embarred from all <b>egress</b> and regress.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Gates of burning adamant,
Barred over us, prohibit all <b>egress</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The passing off from the sun's disk of an inferior planet, in a transit.</def>

<h1>Egress</h1>
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<hw>E*gress"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To go out; to depart; to leave.</def>

<h1>Egression</h1>
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<hw>E*gres"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>egressio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of going; egress.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Egressor</h1>
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<hw>E*gress"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who goes out.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Egret</h1>
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<hw>E"gret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Aigret</er>, <er>Heron</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The name of several species of herons which bear plumes on the back. They are generally white. Among the best known species are the American egret (<spn>Ardea, &or; Herodias, egretta</spn>); the great egret (<spn>A. alba</spn>); the little egret (<spn>A. garzetta</spn>), of Europe; and the American snowy egret (<spn>A. candidissima</spn>).</def>

<blockquote>A bunch of <b>egrets</b> killed for their plumage.
<i>G. W. Cable.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A plume or tuft of feathers worn as a part of a headdress, or anything imitating such an ornament; an aigrette.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The flying feathery or hairy crown of seeds or achenes, as the down of the thistle.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of ape.</def>

<h1>Egrette</h1>
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<hw>E*grette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Aigrette</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Egret</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <p><b>2.</b></def>

<h1>Egrimony</h1>
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<hw>Eg"ri*mo*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>agrimony</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The herb agrimony.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Egrimony</h1>
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<hw>Eg"ri*mo*ny</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aegrimonia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sorrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Egriot</h1>
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<hw>E"gri*ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aigrette</ets>, <ets>griotte</ets>, formerly <ets>agriote</ets>; cf. <ets>aigre</ets> sour.]</ety> <def>A kind of sour cherry.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Egritude</h1>
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<hw>E"gri*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aegritudo</ets>, fr. <ets>aeger</ets> sick.]</ety> <def>Sickness; ailment; sorrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Egyptian</h1>
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<hw>E*gyp"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aegyptius</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr.  <?/ (L. <ets>Aegyptus</ets>) Egypt: cf. F. <ets>\'82gyptien</ets>. Cf. <er>Gypsy</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Egypt, in Africa.</def>

<cs><col>Egyptian bean</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The beanlike fruit of an aquatic plant (<spn>Nelumbium speciosum</spn>), somewhat resembling the water lily.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See under <er>Bean</er>, <p><b>1.</b></cd> -- <col>Egyptian cross</col>. <cd>See <i>Illust<i>. (No. 6) of <er>Cross</er>.</cd> -- <col>Egyptian thorn</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a medium-sized tree (<spn>Acacia vera</spn>). It is one of the chief sources of the best gum arabic.</cd></cs>

<h1>Egyptian</h1>
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<hw>E*gyp"tian</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native, or one of the people, of Egypt; also, the Egyptian language.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gypsy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Egyptize</h1>
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<hw>E"gypt*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Egyptized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Egyptizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To give an Egyptian character or appearance to.</def>

<i>Fairbairn.</i>

<h1>Egyptologer, Egyptologist</h1>
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<hw><hw>E`gyp*tol"o*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E`gyp*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in the antiquities of Egypt; a student of Egyptology.</def>

<h1>Egyptological</h1>
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<hw>E*gyp`to*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or devoted to, Egyptology.</def>

<h1>Egyptology</h1>
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<hw>E`gyp*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Egypt</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science or study of Egyptian antiquities, esp. the hieroglyphics.</def>

<h1>Eh</h1>
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<hw>Eh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ei</ets>, <ets>ey</ets>.]</ety> <def>An expression of inquiry or slight surprise.</def>

<h1>Ehlite</h1>
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<hw>Eh"lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Ehl</ets> near Linz, where it occurs.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a green color and pearly luster; a hydrous phosphate of copper.</def>

<h1>Eider</h1>
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<hw>Ei"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Scand. origin, cf. Icel <ets>\'91<?/r</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>eider</ets>, Dan. <ets>ederfugl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of sea duck of the genus <spn>Somateria</spn>, esp. <spn>Somateria mollissima</spn>, which breeds in the northern parts of Europe and America, and lines its nest with fine down (taken from its own body) which is an article of commerce; -- called also <altname>eider duck</altname>. The American eider (<spn>S. Dresseri</spn>), the king eider (<spn>S. spectabilis</spn>), and the spectacled eider (<spn>Arctonetta Fischeri</spn>) are related species.</def>

<cs><col>Eider down</col>. <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>\'91\'ebard\'d4n<ets>, Sw. <ets>eiderd\'d4n<ets>, Dan. <ets>ederduun<ets>.]</ety> <cd>Down of the eider duck, much sought after as an article of luxury.</cd></cs>

<h1>Eidograph</h1>
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<hw>Ei"do*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ form + <ets>graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for copying drawings on the same or a different scale; a form of the pantograph.</def>

<h1>Eidolon</h1>
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<hw>Ei*do"lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.  <?/ image. See <er>Idol</er>.]</ety> <def>An image or representation; a form; a phantom; an apparition.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Eigh</h1>
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<hw>Eigh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>An exclamation expressing delight.</def>

<h1>Eight</h1>
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<hw>Eight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ait</er>.]</ety> <def>An island in a river; an ait.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Osiers on their <i>eights</i>."

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Eight</h1>
<Xpage=474>

<hw>Eight</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>eahta</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>ahto</ets>, OFries. <ets>achta</ets>, D. & G. <ets>acht</ets>, OHG. <ets>ahto</ets>, Icel. <ets>\'betta</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'86tta</ets>, Dan. <ets>otte</ets>, Goth. <ets>ahtau</ets>, Lith. <ets>aszt<?/ni</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>ochd</ets>, W. <ets>wyth</ets>, Armor. <ets>eich</ets>, <ets>eiz</ets>, L. <ets>octo</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>ash<?/an</ets>. <?/<?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Octave</er>.]</ety> <def>Seven and one; <as>as, <ex>eight</ex> years</as>.</def>

<h1>Eight</h1>
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<hw>Eight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The number greater by a unit than seven; eight units or objects.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A symbol representing eight units, as 8 or viii.</def>

<h1>Eighteen</h1>
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<hw>Eight"een`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>eahtat<?/ne</ets>, <ets>eahtat<?/ne</ets>. See <er>Eight</er>, and <er>Ten</er>, and cf. <er>Eighty</er>.]</ety> <def>Eight and ten; <as>as, <ex>eighteen</ex> pounds</as>.</def>

<h1>Eighteen</h1>
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<hw>Eight"een`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The number greater by a unit than seventeen; eighteen units or objects.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A symbol denoting eighteen units, as 18 or xviii.</def>

<h1>Eighteenmo</h1>
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<hw>Eight`een"mo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Octodecimo</er>.</def>

<h1>Eighteenth</h1>
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<hw>Eight"eenth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Eighteen</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Next in order after the seventeenth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of one of eighteen equal parts or divisions of a thing.</def>

<h1>Eighteenth</h1>
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<hw>Eight"eenth`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quotient of a unit divided by eighteen; one of eighteen equal parts or divisions.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The eighth after the tenth.</def>

<h1>Eightetethe</h1>
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<hw>Eight"e*teth`e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE., fr. AS. <ets>eahtate\'a2<?/a</ets>; <ets>eahta</ets> eight + <ets>te\'a2<?/a</ets> tenth. Cf. <er>Eighteenth</er>, <er>Tenth</er>.]</ety> <def>Eighteenth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Eightfold</h1>
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<hw>Eight"fold`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Eight times a quantity.</def>

<h1>Eighth</h1>
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<hw>Eighth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>eahto<?/a</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Next in order after the seventh.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of one of eight equal divisions of a thing.</def>

<cs><col>Eighth note</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the eighth part of a whole note, or semibreve; a quaver.</cd></cs>

<h1>Eighth</h1>
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<hw>Eighth</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quotient of a unit divided by eight; one of eight equal parts; an eighth part.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The interval of an octave.</def>

<h1>Eighthly</h1>
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<hw>Eighth"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>As the eighth in order.</def>

<h1>Eightieth</h1>
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<hw>Eight"i*eth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Eighty</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The next in order after seventy-ninth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of one of eighty equal parts or divisions.</def>

<h1>Eightieth</h1>
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<hw>Eight"i*eth</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quotient of a unit divided by eighty; one of eighty equal parts.</def>

<h1>Eightling</h1>
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<hw>Eight"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Eight</ets> + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A compound or twin crystal made up of eight individuals.</def>

<h1>Eightscore</h1>
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<hw>Eight"score`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Eight times twenty; a hundred and sixty.</def>

<h1>Eighty</h1>
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<hw>Eight"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>eahtatig</ets>, where the ending <ets>-tig</ets> is akin to English <ets>ten</ets>; cf. G. <ets>achtzig</ets>. See <er>Eight</er>, and <er>Ten</er>.]</ety> <def>Eight times ten; fourscore.</def>

<h1>Eighty</h1>
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<hw>Eight"y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The sum of eight times ten; eighty units or objects.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A symbol representing eighty units, or ten eight times repeated, as 80 or lxxx.</def>

<h1>Eigne</h1>
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<hw>Eigne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aisn\'82</ets>, <ets>ainsn\'82</ets>, F. <ets>a\'8cn\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ante natus</ets> born before. Cf. <er>Esnecy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Eldest; firstborn.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Entailed; belonging to the eldest son.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Bastard eigne</col>, <cd>a bastard eldest son whose parents afterwards intermarry.</cd></cs>

<h1>Eiking</h1>
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<hw>Eik"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Eking</er>.</def>

<h1>Eikon</h1>
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<hw>Ei"kon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>An image or effigy; -- used rather in an abstract sense, and rarely for a work of art.</def>

<h1>Eikosane</h1>
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<hw>Ei"ko*sane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A solid hydrocarbon, <chform>C20H42</chform>, of the paraffine series, of artificial production, and also probably occurring in petroleum.</def>

<h1>Eikosylene</h1>
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<hw>Ei*kos"y*lene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ twenty + acet<ets>ylene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid hydrocarbon, <chform>C20H38</chform>, of the acetylene series, obtained from brown coal.</def>

<h1>Eild</h1>
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<hw>Eild</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Eld</er>.]</ety> <def>Age.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Eire</h1>
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<hw>Eire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Air.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Eirenarch</h1>
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<hw>Ei`re*narch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Irenarch</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A justice of the peace; irenarch.</def>

<h1>Eirenic</h1>
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<hw>Ei*ren"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pacific. See <er>Irenic</er>.</def>

<h1>Eirie</h1>
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<hw>Ei"rie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Aerie</er>, and <er>Eyrie</er>.</def>

<h1>Eisel</h1>
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<hw>Ei"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>aisil</ets>, <ets>aissil</ets>, fr. L. <ets>acet<?/m</ets>. Cf. <er>Acetic</er>.]</ety> <def>Vinegar; verjuice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Eisteddfod</h1>
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<hw>Eis*tedd"fod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W., session, fr. <ets>eistedd</ets> to sit.]</ety> <def>Am assembly or session of the Welsh bards; an annual congress of bards, minstrels and literati of Wales, -- being a patriotic revival of the old custom.</def>

<h1>Either</h1>
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<hw>Ei"ther</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a. & pron.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>either</ets>, <ets>aither</ets>, AS. <ets><?/g<?/er</ets>, <ets><?/ghw\'91<?/er</ets> (akin to OHG. <ets><?/ogiwedar</ets>, MHG. <ets>iegeweder</ets>); <ets>\'be + ge + hw\'91<?/er</ets> whether. See <er>Each</er>, and <er>Whether</er>, and cf. <er>Or</er>, <ets>conj</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One of two; the one or the other; -- properly used of two things, but sometimes of a larger number, for <i>any one</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Lepidus flatters both,
Of both is flattered; but he neither loves,
Nor <b>either</b> cares for him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Scarce a palm of ground could be gotten by <b>either</b> of the three.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There have been three talkers in Great British, <b>either</b> of whom would illustrate what I say about dogmatists.
<i>Holmes.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Each of two; the one and the other; both; -- formerly, also, each of any number.</def>

<blockquote>His flowing hair
In curls on <b>either</b> cheek played.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>On <b>either</b> side . . . was there the tree of life.
<i>Rev. xxii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The extreme right and left of <b>either</b> army never engaged.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Either</h1>
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<hw>Ei"ther</hw>, <tt>conj. Either</tt> <def>precedes two, or more, co\'94rdinate words or phrases, and is introductory to an alternative. It is correlative to <i>or</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Either</b> he is talking, <b>or</b> he is pursuing, <b>or</b> he is in a journey, <b>or</b> peradventure he sleepeth.
<i>1 Kings xviii. 27.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Few writers hesitate to use <b>either</b> in what is called a triple alternative; such as, We must <b>either</b> stay where we are, proceed, or recede.
<i>Latham.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Either</i> was formerly sometimes used without any correlation, and where we should now use <i>or</i>.</note>

<blockquote>Can the fig tree, my brethren, bear olive berries? <b>either</b> a vine, figs??
<i>James iii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ejaculate</h1>
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<hw>E*jac"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ejaculated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ejaculating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>ejaculatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ejaculari</ets> to throw out; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>ejaculari</ets> to throw, fr. <ets>jaculum</ets> javelin, dart, fr. <ets>jacere</ets> to throw. See <er>Eject</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw out suddenly and swiftly, as if a dart; to dart; to eject.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Technical]</mark>

<blockquote>Its active rays <b>ejaculated</b> thence.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="475">
Page 475<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To throw out, as an exclamation; to utter by a brief and sudden impulse; <as>as, to <ex>ejaculate</ex> a prayer</as>.</def>

<h1>Ejaculate</h1>
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<hw>E*jac"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To utter ejaculations; to make short and hasty exclamations.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Ejaculating</i> to himself."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Ejaculation</h1>
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<hw>E*jac`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82jaculation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of throwing or darting out with a sudden force and rapid flight.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Technical]</mark> "An <i>ejaculation</i> or irradiation of the eye."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The uttering of a short, sudden exclamation or prayer, or the exclamation or prayer uttered.</def>

<blockquote>In your dressing, let there be <b>jaculations</b> fitted to the several actions of dressing.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act of ejecting or suddenly throwing, as a fluid from a duct.</def>

<h1>Ejaculator</h1>
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<hw>E*jac"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Ejaculate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which helps ejaculation.</def>

<h1>Ejaculatory</h1>
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<hw>E*jac"u*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Casting or throwing out; fitted to eject; <as>as, <ex>ejaculatory</ex> vessels</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suddenly darted out; uttered in short sentences; <as>as, an <ex>ejaculatory</ex> prayer or petition</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sudden; hasty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Ejaculatory</i> repentances, that take us by fits and starts."

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Eject</h1>
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<hw>E*ject"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ejected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ejecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>ejectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ejicere</ets>; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>jacere</ets> to throw. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting forth.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To expel; to dismiss; to cast forth; to thrust or drive out; to discharge; <as>as, to <ex>eject</ex> a person from a room; to <ex>eject</ex> a traitor from the country; to <ex>eject</ex> words from the language.</as></def> "Eyes <i>ejecting</i> flame."

<i>H. Brooke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To cast out; to evict; to dispossess; <as>as, to <ex>eject</ex> tenants from an estate</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To expel; banish; drive out; discharge; oust; evict; dislodge; extrude; void.</syn>

<h1>Ejection</h1>
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<hw>E*jec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ejectio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82jection</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of ejecting or casting out; discharge; expulsion; evacuation.</def> "Vast <i>ejection</i> of ashes." <i>Eustace</i>. "The <i>ejection</i> of a word."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act or process of discharging anything from the body, particularly the excretions.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of being ejected or cast out; dispossession; banishment.</def>

<h1>Ejectment</h1>
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<hw>E*ject"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A casting out; a dispossession; an expulsion; ejection; <as>as, the <ex>ejectment</ex> of tenants from their homes</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A species of mixed action, which lies for the recovery of possession of real property, and damages and costs for the wrongful withholding of it.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Ejector</h1>
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<hw>E*ject"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, ejects or dispossesses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A jet jump for lifting water or withdrawing air from a space.</def>

<cs><col>Ejector condenser</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>a condenser in which the vacuum is maintained by a jet pump.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ejoo</h1>
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<hw>E"joo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>\'c6j<?/</ets> or <ets>h\'c6j<?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gomuti fiber. See <er>Gomuti</er>.</def>

<h1>Ejulation</h1>
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<hw>Ej`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ejulatio</ets>, fr. <ets>ejulare</ets> to wail, lament.]</ety> <def>A wailing; lamentation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Ejulation</i> in the pangs of death."

<i>Philips.</i>

<h1>Ekabor, Ekaboron</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ek"a*bor`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ek"a*bo"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., fr. Skr. <ets><?/ka</ets> one + G. <ets>bor</ets>, <ets>boron</ets>, E. <ets>boron</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The name given by Mendelejeff in accordance with the periodic law, and by prediction, to a hypothetical element then unknown, but since discovered and named <i>scandium</i>; -- so called because it was a missing analogue of the boron group. See <er>Scandium</er>.</def>

<h1>Ekaluminium</h1>
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<hw>Ek*al`u*min"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets><?/ka</ets> one + E. <ets>aluminium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The name given to a hypothetical element, -- later discovered and called <i>gallium</i>. See <er>Gallium</er>, and cf. <er>Ekabor</er>.</def>

<h1>Ekasilicon</h1>
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<hw>Ek`a*sil"i*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets><?/ka</ets> one + E. <ets>silicon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The name of a hypothetical element predicted and afterwards discovered and named <i>germanium</i>; -- so called because it was a missing analogue of the silicon group. See <er>Germanium</er>, and cf. <er>Ekkabor</er>.</def>

<h1>Eke</h1>
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<hw>Eke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Eked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Eking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'c7kan</ets>, <ets>\'dfkan</ets>; akin to OFries, <ets>\'beka</ets>, OS. <ets><?/kian</ets>, OHG. <ets>ouhh\'d3n</ets> to add, Icel. <ets>auka</ets> to increase, Sw. <ets>\'94ka</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'94ge</ets>, Goth. <ets>aukan</ets>, L. <ets>augere</ets>, Skr. <ets><?/jas</ets> strength, <ets>ugra</ets> mighty, and probably to English <ets>wax</ets>, v. i. Cf. <er>Augment</er>, <er>Nickname</er>.]</ety> <def>To increase; to add to; to augment; -- now commonly used with <i>out</i>, the notion conveyed being to add to, or piece out by a laborious, inferior, or scanty addition; <as>as, to <ex>eke</ex> out a scanty supply of one kind with some other</as>.</def> "To <i>eke</i> my pain."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>He <b>eked</b> out by his wits an income of barely fifty pounds.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eke</h1>
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<hw>Eke</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>e\'a0c</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>\'a0k</ets>, OS. <ets><?/k</ets>, D. <ets><?/ok</ets>, OHG. <ets>ouh</ets>, G.  <ets>auch</ets>, Icel. <ets>auk</ets>, Sw. <ets>och</ets> and, Dan. <ets>og</ets>, Goth. <ets>auk</ets> for, but. Prob. from the preceding verb.]</ety> <def>In addition; also; likewise.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>'T will be prodigious hard to prove
That this is <b>eke</b> the throne of love.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A trainband captain <b>eke</b> was he
Of famous London town.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Eke</i> serves less to unite than to render prominent a subjoined more important sentence or notion.</note>

<i>M\'84tzner.</i>

<h1>Eke</h1>
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<hw>Eke</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An addition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Clumsy <b>ekes</b> that may well be spared.
<i>Geddes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ekebergite</h1>
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<hw>Ek"e*berg`ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Ekeberg</ets>, a German.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of scapolite.</def>

<h1>Ekename</h1>
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<hw>Eke"name`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Nickname</er>.]</ety> <def>An additional or epithet name; a nickname.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Eking</h1>
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<hw>Ek"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Eke</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A lengthening or filling piece to make good a deficiency in length.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The carved work under the quarter piece at the aft part of the quarter gallery.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>eiking</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>E-la</h1>
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<hw>E"-la`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Originally, the highest note in the scale of Guido; hence, proverbially, any extravagant saying.</def> "Why, this is above <i>E-la</i>!"

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Elaborate</h1>
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<hw>E*lab"o*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elaboratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>elaborare</ets> to work out; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>laborare</ets> to labor, <ets>labor</ets> labor. See <er>Labor</er>.]</ety> <def>Wrought with labor; finished with great care; studied; executed with exactness or painstaking; <as>as, an <ex>elaborate</ex> discourse; an <ex>elaborate</ex> performance; <ex>elaborate</ex> research.</as></def>

<blockquote>Drawn to the life in each <b>elaborate</b> page.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Labored; complicated; studied; perfected; high-wrought.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>E*lab"o*rate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>E*lab"o*rate*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Elaborate</h1>
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<hw>E*lab"o*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Elaborated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Elaborating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To produce with labor</def>

<blockquote>They in full joy <b>elaborate</b> a sigh,
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To perfect with painstaking; to improve or refine with labor and study, or by successive operations; <as>as, to <ex>elaborate</ex> a painting or a literary work</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The sap is . . . still more <b>elaborated</b> and exalted as it circulates through the vessels of the plant.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Elaboration</h1>
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<hw>E*lab`o*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elaboratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82laboration</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of producing or refining with labor; improvement by successive operations; refinement.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The natural process of formation or assimilation, performed by the living organs in animals and vegetables, by which a crude substance is changed into something of a higher order; <as>as, the <ex>elaboration</ex> of food into chyme; the <ex>elaboration</ex> of chyle, or sap, or tissues.</as></def>

<h1>Elaborative</h1>
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<hw>E*lab"o*ra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving or tending to elaborate; constructing with labor and minute attention to details.</def>

<cs><col>Elaborative faculty</col> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld>, <cd>the intellectual power of discerning relations and of viewing objects by means of, or in, relations; the discursive faculty; thought.</cd></cs>

<h1>Elaborator</h1>
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<hw>E*lab"o*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, elaborates.</def>

<h1>Elaboratory</h1>
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<hw>E*lab"o*ra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to elaborate.</def>

<h1>Elaboratory</h1>
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<hw>E*lab"o*ra*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A laboratory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>El\'91agnus</h1>
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<hw>E`l\'91*ag"nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a B\'d2otian marsh plant; <?/ olive + <?/ sacred, pure.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of shrubs or small trees, having the foliage covered with small silvery scales; oleaster.</def>

<h1>El\'91is</h1>
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<hw>E*l\'91"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ olive tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of palms.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>El\'91is Guineensis</i>, the African oil palm, is a tree twenty or thirty feet high, with immense pinnate leaves and large masses of fruit. The berries are rather larger than olives, and when boiled in water yield the orange-red palm oil.</note>

<h1>El\'91olite</h1>
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<hw>E*l\'91"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ olive oil, oil + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of hephelite, usually massive, of greasy luster, and gray to reddish color.</def>

<cs><col>El\'91olite syenite</col>, <cd>a kind of syenite characterized by the presence of el\'91olite.</cd></cs>

<h1>El\'91optene</h1>
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<hw>E`l\'91*op"tene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ olive oil, oil + <?/ winged, fleeting.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The more liquid or volatile portion of certain oily substance, as distinguished from <i>stearoptene</i>, the more solid parts.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>elaoptene</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Elaidate</h1>
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<hw>E*la"i*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of elaidic acid.</def>

<h1>Elaidic</h1>
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<hw>E`la*id"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82la\'8bdique</ets>. See <er>Elaine</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to oleic acid, or elaine.</def>

<cs><col>Elaidic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a fatty acid isomeric with oleic acid, and obtained from it by the action of nitrous acid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Elaidin</h1>
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<hw>E*la"i*din</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82la\'8bdine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A solid isomeric modification of olein.</def>

<h1>Elaine, &or; Elain</h1>
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<hw><hw>E*la"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>E*la"in</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ olive oil, oil, from <?/ the olive tree: cf. F. <ets>\'82la\'8bne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Olein</er>.</def>

<h1>Elaiodic</h1>
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<hw>E`lai*od"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ olive oil, oil + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Derived from castor oil; ricinoleic; <as>as, <ex>elaiodic</ex> acid</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Elaiometer</h1>
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<hw>E`lai*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ olive oil, oil + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for determining the amount of oil contained in any substance, or for ascertaining the degree of purity of oil.</def>

<h1>Elamite</h1>
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<hw>E"lam*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dweller in Flam (or Susiana), an ancient kingdom of Southwestern Asia, afterwards a province of Persia.</def>

<h1>Elamping</h1>
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<hw>E*lamp"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lamp</er>.]</ety> <def>Shining.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>G. Fletcher.</i>

<h1></lan</h1>
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<hw><?/`lan"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>b.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>\'82lancer</ets> to dart.]</ety> <def>Ardor inspired by passion or enthusiasm.</def>

<h1>Elance</h1>
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<hw>E*lance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Elanced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Elancing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82lancer</ets>, OF. <ets>eslancier</ets>; pref. <ets>es-</ets> (L. <ets>ex</ets>) + F. <ets>lancer</ets> to dart, throw, fr. <ets>lance</ets>.]</ety> <def>To throw as a lance; to hurl; to dart.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>While thy unerring hand <b>elanced</b> . . . a dart.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eland</h1>
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<hw>E"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>eland</ets> elk, of Slav. origin; cf. Pol. <ets>jelen</ets> stag, Russ. <ets>ol\'82ne</ets>, Lith. <ets>elnis</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>elk</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of large South African antelope (<spn>Oreas canna</spn>). It is valued both for its hide and flesh, and is rapidly disappearing in the settled districts; -- called also <altname>Cape elk</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The elk or moose.</def>

<h1>Elanet</h1>
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<hw>E*la"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kite of the genus <spn>Elanus</spn>.</def>

<h1>Elaolite</h1>
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<hw>E*la"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>El\'91olite</er>.</def>

<h1>Elaoptene</h1>
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<hw>E`la*op"tene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>El\'91optene</er>.</def>

<h1>Elaphine</h1>
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<hw>El"a*phine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ stag.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, resembling, or characteristic of, the stag, or <i>Cervus elaphus</i>.</def>

<h1>Elaphure</h1>
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<hw>El"a*phure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of deer (<spn>Elaphurus Davidianus</spn>) found in china. It about four feet high at the shoulder and has peculiar antlers.</def>

<h1>Elapidation</h1>
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<hw>E*lap`i*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elapidatus</ets> cleared from stones; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>lapis</ets> stone.]</ety> <def>A clearing away of stones.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Elapine</h1>
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<hw>El"a*pine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Elaps</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the <spn>Elapid\'91</spn>, a family of poisonous serpents, including the cobras. See <er>Ophidia</er>.</def>

<h1>Elaps</h1>
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<hw>E"laps</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., of uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of venomous snakes found both in America and the Old World. Many species are known. See <cref>Coral snake</cref>, under <er>Coral</er>.</def>

<h1>Elapse</h1>
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<hw>E*lapse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Elapsed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Elapsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>elapsus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>elabi</ets> to glide away; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>labi</ets> to fall, slide. See <er>Lapse</er>.]</ety> <def>To slip or glide away; to pass away silently, as time; -- used chiefly in reference to time.</def>

<blockquote>Eight days <b>elapsed</b>; at length a pilgrim came.
<i>Hoole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Elapsion</h1>
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<hw>E*lap"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of elapsing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Elaqueate</h1>
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<hw>E*la"que*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elaqueatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>elaqueare</ets> to unfetter.]</ety> <def>To disentangle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Elasipoda</h1>
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<hw>El`a*sip"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ metal beaten out, metal plate + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of holothurians mostly found in the deep sea. They are remarkable for their bilateral symmetry and curious forms.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Elasmopoda</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Elasmobranch</h1>
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<hw>E*las"mo*branch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Elasmobranchii.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Elasmobranchii.</def></def2>

<h1>Elasmobranchiate</h1>
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<hw>E*las`mo*bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to Elasmobranchii.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>One of the Elasmobranchii.</def></def2>

<h1>Elasmobranchii</h1>
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<hw>E*las`mo*bran"chi*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a metal plate + L. <ets>branchia</ets> a gill.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A subclass of fishes, comprising the sharks, the rays, and the Chim\'91ra. The skeleton is mainly cartilaginous.</def>

<h1>Elasmosaurus</h1>
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<hw>E*las`mo*sau"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a metal plate + <?/ a lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct, long-necked, marine, cretaceous reptile from Kansas, allied to Plesiosaurus.</def>

<h1>Elastic</h1>
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<hw>E*las"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Formed fr. Gr. <?/ to drive; prob. akin to L. <ets>alacer</ets> lively, brisk, and E. <ets>alacrity</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82lastique</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Springing back; having a power or inherent property of returning to the form from which a substance is bent, drawn, pressed, or twisted; springy; having the power of rebounding; <as>as, a bow is <ex>elastic</ex>; the air is <ex>elastic</ex>; India rubber is <ex>elastic</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Capable of being drawn out by force like a piece of <b>elastic</b> gum, and by its own elasticity returning, when the force is removed, to its former position.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Able to return quickly to a former state or condition, after being depressed or overtaxed; having power to recover easily from shocks and trials; <as>as, <ex>elastic</ex> spirits; an <ex>elastic</ex> constitution.</as></def>

<cs><col>Elastic bitumen</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Elaterite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Elastic curve</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>The curve made by a thin elastic rod fixed horizontally at one end and loaded at the other.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <cd>The figure assumed by the longitudinal axis of an originally straight bar under any system of bending forces. <i>Rankine</i>.</cd> -- <col>Elastic fluids</col>, <cd>those which have the property of expanding in all directions on the removal of external pressure, as the air, steam, and other gases and vapors.</cd> -- <col>Elastic limit</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the limit of distortion, by bending, stretching, etc., that a body can undergo and yet return to its original form when relieved from stress; also, the unit force or stress required to produce this distortion. Within the elastic limit the distortion is directly proportional to the stress producing it.</cd> -- <col>Elastic tissue</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of connective tissue consisting of a network of slender and very elastic fibers which are but slightly affected by acids or alkalies.</cd> -- <col>Gum elastic</col>, <cd>caoutchouc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Elastic</h1>
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<hw>E*las"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An elastic woven fabric, as a belt, braces or suspenders, etc., made in part of India rubber.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Elastical</h1>
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<hw>E*las"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Elastic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Elastically</h1>
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<hw>E*las"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an elastic manner; by an elastic power; with a spring.</def>

<h1>Elasticity</h1>
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<hw>E`las*tic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82lasticit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being elastic; the inherent property in bodies by which they recover their former figure or dimensions, after the removal of external pressure or altering force; springiness; tendency to rebound; <as>as, the <ex>elasticity</ex> of caoutchouc; the <ex>elasticity</ex> of the air.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Power of resistance to, or recovery from, depression or overwork.</def>

<cs><col>Coefficient of elasticity</col>, <cd>the quotient of a stress (of a given kind), by the strain (of a given kind) which it produces; -- called also <altname>coefficient of resistance</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Surface of elasticity</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the pedal surface of an ellipsoid (see <er>Pedal</er>); a surface used in explaining the phenomena of double refraction and their relation to the elastic force of the luminous ether in crystalline media.</cd></cs>

<h1>Elasticness</h1>
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<hw>E*las"tic*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being elastic; elasticity.</def>

<h1>Elastin</h1>
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<hw>E*las"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Elast</ets>ic + <ets>-in</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous substance, somewhat resembling albumin, which forms the chemical basis of elastic tissue. It is very insoluble in most fluids, but is gradually dissolved when digested with either pepsin or trypsin.</def>

<h1>Elate</h1>
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<hw>E*late"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elatus</ets> elevated, fig., elated, proud (the figure, perh., being borrowed from a prancing horse); <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>latus</ets> (used as p. p. of <ets>ferre</ets> to bear), for <ets>tlatus</ets>, and akin to E. <ets>tolerate</ets>. See <er>Tolerate</er>, and cf. <er>Extol</er>.]</ety>

<hr>
<page="476">
Page 476<p>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Lifted up; raised; elevated.</def>

<blockquote>With upper lip <b>elate</b>.
<i>Fenton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And sovereign law, that State's collected will,
O'er thrones and globes, <b>elate</b>,
Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill.
<i>Sir W. Jones.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the spirits raised by success, or by hope; flushed or exalted with confidence; elated; exultant.</def>

<blockquote>O, thoughtless mortals! ever blind to fate,
Too soon dejected, and dejected, and too soon <b>elate</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our nineteenth century is wonderfully set up in its own esteem, wonderfully <b>elate</b> at its progress.
<i>Mrs. H. H. Jackson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Puffed up; lofty; proud; haughty; exalted; inspirited; transported; delighted; overjoyed.</syn>

<h1>Elate</h1>
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<hw>E*late"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Elated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Elating</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To raise; to exalt.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>By the potent sun <b>elated</b> high.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exalt the spirit of; to fill with confidence or exultation; to elevate or flush with success; to puff up; to make proud.</def>

<blockquote>Foolishly <b>elated</b> by spiritual pride.
<i>Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You ought not be <b>elated</b> at the chance mishaps of your enemies.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Elatedly</h1>
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<hw>E*lat"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With elation.</def>

<h1>Elatedness</h1>
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<hw>E*lat"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being elated.</def>

<h1>Elater</h1>
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<hw>E*lat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, elates.</def>

<h1>Elater</h1>
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<hw>El"a*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ driver, fr. <?/ to drive.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An elastic spiral filament for dispersing the spores, as in some liverworts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any beetle of the family <spn>Elaterid\'91</spn>, having the habit, when laid on the back, of giving a sudden upward spring, by a quick movement of the articulation between the abdomen and thorax; -- called also <altname>click beetle</altname>, <altname>spring beetle</altname>, and <altname>snapping beetle</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The caudal spring used by <spn>Podura</spn> and related insects for leaping. See <er>Collembola</er>.</def>

<h1>Elater</h1>
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<hw>El"a*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The active principle of elaterium, being found in the juice of the wild or squirting cucumber (<spn>Ecballium agreste</spn>, formerly <spn>Motordica Elaterium</spn>) and other related species. It is extracted as a bitter, white, crystalline substance, which is a violent purgative.</def>

<h1>Elaterite</h1>
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<hw>El"a*ter*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral resin, of a blackish brown color, occurring in soft, flexible masses; -- called also <altname>mineral caoutchouc</altname>, and <altname>elastic bitumen</altname>.</def>

<h1>Elaterium</h1>
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<hw>El`a*te"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, neut. of <?/ driving. See 2d <er>Elater</er>.]</ety> <def>A cathartic substance obtained, in the form of yellowish or greenish cakes, as the dried residue of the juice of the wild or squirting cucumber (<spn>Ecballium agreste</spn>, formerly called <spn>Momordica Elaterium</spn>).</def>

<h1>Elaterometer</h1>
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<hw>El`a*ter*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Elatrometer</er>.</def>

<h1>Elatery</h1>
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<hw>El"a*ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Elater</er>.]</ety> <def>Acting force; elasticity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Elation</h1>
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<hw>E*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elatio</ets>. See <er>Elate</er>.]</ety> <def>A lifting up by success; exaltation; inriation with pride of prosperity.</def> "Felt the <i>elation</i> of triumph."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Elative</h1>
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<hw>E*la"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Raised; lifted up; -- a term applied to what is also called the <i>absolute superlative</i>, denoting a high or intense degree of a quality, but not excluding the idea that an equal degree may exist in other cases.</def>

<h1>Elatrometer</h1>
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<hw>El`a*trom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/  a driver + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the degree of rarefaction of air contained in the receiver of an air pump.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>elaterometer</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Elayl</h1>
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<hw>E*la"yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ olive oil, oil + <ets>yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Olefiant gas or ethylene; -- so called by Berzelius from its forming an oil combining with chlorine. <altsp>[Written also <asp>elayle</asp>.]</altsp> See <er>Ethylene</er>.</def>

<h1>Elbow</h1>
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<hw>El"bow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>elboga</ets>, <ets>elnboga</ets> (akin to D. <ets>elleboga</ets>, OHG. <ets>elinbogo</ets>, G. <ets>ellbogen</ets>, <ets>ellenbogen</ets>, Icel. <ets><?/lnbogi</ets>; prop.; arm-bend); <ets>eln</ets> ell (orig., forearm) + <ets>boga</ets> a bending. See 1st <er>Ell</er>, and 4th <er>Bow</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The joint or bend of the arm; the outer curve in the middle of the arm when bent.</def>

<blockquote>Her arms to the <b>elbows</b> naked.
<i>R. of Gloucester.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any turn or bend like that of the elbow, in a wall, building, and the like; a sudden turn in a line of coast or course of a river; also, an angular or jointed part of any structure, as the raised arm of a chair or sofa, or a short pipe fitting, turning at an angle or bent.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A sharp angle in any surface of wainscoting or other woodwork; the upright sides which flank any paneled work, as the sides of windows, where the jamb makes an <i>elbow</i> with the window back.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Elbow</i> is used adjectively or as part of a compound, to denote something <i>shaped like</i>, or <i>acting like</i>, <i>an elbow</i>; as, <i>elbow</i> joint; <i>elbow</i> tongs or <i>elbow</i>-tongs; <i>elbow</i>room, <i>elbow</i>-room, or <i>elbow</i> room.</note>

<cs><col>At the elbow</col>, <cd>very near; at hand.</cd> -- <col>Elbow grease</col>, <cd>energetic application of force in manual labor.</cd> <mark>[Low]</mark> -- <col>Elbow in the hawse</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the twisting together of two cables by which a vessel rides at anchor, caused by swinging completely round once. <i>Totten</i>.</cd> -- <col>Elbow scissors</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>scissors bent in the blade or shank for convenience in cutting. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Out at elbow</col>, <cd>with coat worn through at the elbows; shabby; in needy circumstances.</cd></cs>

<h1>Elbow</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>El"bow</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Elbowed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Elbowing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To push or hit with the elbow, as when one pushes by another.</def>

<blockquote>They [the Dutch] would <b>elbow</b> our own aldermen off the Royal Exchange.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To elbow one's way</col>, <cd>to force one's way by pushing with the elbows; as, <i>to elbow one's way<i> through a crowd.</cd></cs>

<h1>Elbow</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>El"bow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To jut into an angle; to project or to bend after the manner of an elbow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To push rudely along; to elbow one's way.</def> "Purseproud, <i>elbowing</i> Insolence."

<i>Grainger.</i>

<h1>Elbowboard</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>El"bow*board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The base of a window casing, on which the elbows may rest.</def>

<h1>Elbowchair</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>El"bow*chair`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chair with arms to support the elbows; an armchair.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Elbowroom</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>El"bow*room`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Room to extend the elbows on each side; ample room for motion or action; free scope.</def> "My soul hath <i>elbowroom</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Then came a stretch of grass and a little more <b>elbowroom</b>.
<i>W. G. Norris.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Elcaja</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>El*ca"ja</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An Arabian tree (<spn>Trichilia emetica</spn>). The fruit, which is emetic, is sometimes employed in the composition of an ointment for the cure of the itch.</def>

<h1>Elcesaite</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>El*ce"sa*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Elcesai</ets>, the leader of the sect.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of Asiatic Gnostics of the time of the Emperor Trajan.</def>

<h1>Eld</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>Eld</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>eald</ets>.]</ety> <def>Old.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Eld</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>Eld</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>yldu</ets>, <ets>yldo</ets>, <ets>eldo</ets>, old age, fr. <ets>ald</ets>, <ets>eald</ets>, old. See <er>Old</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Age; esp., old age.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>As sooth is said, <b>eelde</b> hath great avantage.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Great Nature, ever young, yet full of <b>eld</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Old times; former days; antiquity.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Astrologers and men of <b>eld</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eld</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>Eld</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To age; to grow old.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Eld</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>Eld</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make old or ancient.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Time, that <b>eldeth</b> all things.
<i>Rom. of R.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Elder</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>Eld"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>yldra</ets>, compar. of <ets>eald</ets> old. See <er>Old</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Older; more aged, or existing longer.</def>

<blockquote>Let the <b>elder</b> men among us emulate their own earlier deeds.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. )</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Born before another; prior in years; senior; earlier; older; <as>as, his <ex>elder</ex> brother died in infancy</as>; -- opposed to <ant>younger</ant>, and now commonly applied to a son, daughter, child, brother, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>elder</b> shall serve the younger.
<i>Gen. xxv. 23.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But ask of <b>elder</b> days, earth's vernal hour.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Elder hand</col> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld>, <cd>the hand playing, or having the right to play, first.</cd></cs>

<i>Hoyle.</i>

<h1>Elder</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>Eld"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ealdor</ets> an elder, prince, fr. <ets>eald</ets> old. See <er>Old</er>, and cf. <er>Elder</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Alderman</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is older; a superior in age; a senior.</def>

<i>1 Tim. v. 1.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An aged person; one who lived at an earlier period; a predecessor.</def>

<blockquote>Carry your head as your <b>elders</b> have done.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person who, on account of his age, occupies the office of ruler or judge; hence, a person occupying any office appropriate to such as have the experience and dignity which age confers; <as>as, the <ex>elders</ex> of Israel; the <ex>elders</ex> of the synagogue; the <ex>elders</ex> in the apostolic church.</as></def>

<note>&hand; In the modern Presbyterian churches, <i>elders</i> are lay officers who, with the minister, compose the church session, with authority to inspect and regulate matters of religion and discipline. In some churches, pastors or clergymen are called <i>elders</i>, or <i>presbyters</i>.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(M. E. Ch.)</fld> <def>A clergyman authorized to administer all the sacraments; <as>as, a traveling <ex>elder</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Presiding elder</col> <fld>(Meth. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>an elder commissioned by a bishop to have the oversight of the churches and preachers in a certain district.</cd> -- <col>Ruling elder</col>, <cd>a lay presbyter or member of a Presbyterian church session.</cd></cs>

<i>Schaff.</i>

<h1>Elder</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>El"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ellern</ets>, <ets>eller</ets>, AS. <ets>ellen</ets>, cf. LG. <ets>elloorn</ets>; perh. akin to OHG. <ets>holantar</ets>, <ets>holuntar</ets>, G. <ets>holunder</ets>; or perh. to E. <ets>alder</ets>, <ets>n.</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of shrubs (<spn>Sambucus</spn>) having broad umbels of white flowers, and small black or red berries.</def>

<note>&hand; The common North American species is <spn>Sambucus Canadensis</spn>; the common European species (<spn>S. nigra</spn>) forms a small tree. The red-berried elder is <spn>S. pubens</spn>. The berries are diaphoretic and aperient.</note>

<cs><col>Box elder</col>. <cd>See under 1st <er>Box</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dwarf elder</col>. <cd>See <er>Danewort</er>.</cd> -- <col>Elder tree</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Elder</er>. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Marsh elder</col>, <cd>the cranberry tree <spn>Viburnum Opulus</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Elderish</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>Eld"er*ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat old; elderly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Elderly</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>Eld"er*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat old; advanced beyond middle age; bordering on old age; <as>as, <ex>elderly</ex> people</as>.</def>

<h1>Eldern</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>El"dern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of elder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He would discharge us as boys do <b>eldern</b> guns.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eldership</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>Eld"er*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being older; seniority.</def> "Paternity an <i>eldership</i>."

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Office of an elder; collectively, a body of elders.</def>

<h1>Elderwort</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>El"der*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Danewort.</def>

<h1>Eldest</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>Eld"est</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>yldest</ets>, superl. of <ets>eald</ets> old. See <er>Elder</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Oldest; longest in duration.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Born or living first, or before the others, as a son, daughter, brother, etc.; first in origin. See <er>Elder</er>.</def> "My lady's <i>eldest</i> son."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Their <b>eldest</b> historians are of suspected credit.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Eldest hand</col> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld>, <cd>the player on the dealer's left hand.</cd></cs>

<i>R. A. Proctor.</i>

<h1>Elding</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>El"ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>elding</ets>, fr. <ets>elda</ets> to kindle, <ets>eldr</ets> fire; akin to AS. <ets>\'91ld</ets> fire, <ets>\'91lan</ets> to burn.]</ety> <def>Fuel.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Grose.</i>

<h1>El Dorado</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>El` Do*ra"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <plu>pl. <plw>El Doradoes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[Sp., lit., the gilt (sc. land); <ets>el the + <ets>dorado</ets> gilt, p. p. of <ets>dorare</ets> to gild. Cf. <er>Dorado</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A name given by the Spaniards in the 16th century to an imaginary country in the interior of South America, reputed to abound in gold and precious stones.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any region of fabulous wealth; exceeding richness.</def>

<blockquote>The whole comedy is a sort of <b>El Dorado</b> of wit.
<i>T. Moore.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eldritch</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>El"dritch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hideous; ghastly; <as>as, an <ex>eldritch</ex> shriek or laugh</as>.</def> <mark>[Local, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Eleatic</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>E`le*at"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eleaticus</ets>, from <ets>Elea</ets> (or <ets>Velia</ets>) in Italy.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a certain school of Greek philosophers who taught that the only certain science is that which owes nothing to the senses, and all to the reason.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A philosopher of the Eleatic school.</def></def2>

<h1>Eleaticism</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>E`le*at"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Eleatic doctrine.</def>

<h1>Elecampane</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>El`e*cam*pane"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82nulecampane</ets>, NL. <ets>inula campana</ets>; L. <ets>inula</ets> elecampane + LL. <ets>campana</ets> a bell; cf. G. <ets>glockenwurz</ets>, i. e., "bellwort."]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large, coarse herb (<spn>Inula Helenium</spn>), with composite yellow flowers. The root, which has a pungent taste, is used as a tonic, and was formerly of much repute as a stomachic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sweetmeat made from the root of the plant.</def>

<h1>Elect</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>E*lect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>electus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>eligere</ets> to elect; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>legere</ets> to choose. See <er>Legend</er>, and cf. <er>Elite</er>, <er>Eclectic</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Chosen; taken by preference from among two or more.</def> "Colors quaint <i>elect</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Chosen as the object of mercy or divine favor; set apart to eternal life.</def> "The <i>elect</i> angels."

<i>1 Tim. v. 21.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Chosen to an office, but not yet actually inducted into it; <as>as, bishop <ex>elect</ex>; governor or mayor <ex>elect</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Elect</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>E*lect"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One chosen or set apart.</def>

<blockquote>Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine <b>elect</b>, in whom my soul delighteth.
<i>Is. xlii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Those who are chosen for salvation.</def>

<blockquote>Shall not God avenge his won <b>elect</b>?
<i>Luke xviii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Elect</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>E*lect"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Elected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Electing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To pick out; to select; to choose.</def>

<blockquote>The deputy <b>elected</b> by the Lord.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To select or take for an office; to select by vote; <as>as, to <ex>elect</ex> a representative, a president, or a governor</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>To designate, choose, or select, as an object of mercy or favor.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To choose; prefer; select. See <er>Choose</er>.</syn>

<h1>Electant</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>E*lect"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>electans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>electare</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who has the power of choosing; an elector.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Electary</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>E*lec"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Electuary</er>.</def>

<h1>Electic</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>E*lec"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Eclectic</er>.</def>

<h1>Electicism</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>E*lec"ti*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Eclecticism</er>.</def>

<h1>Election</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>E*lec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82lection</ets>, L. <ets>electio</ets>, fr. <ets>eligere</ets> to choose out. See <er>Elect</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of choosing; choice; selection.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of choosing a person to fill an office, or to membership in a society, as by ballot, uplifted hands, or <i>viva voce</i>; <as>as, the <ex>election</ex> of a president or a mayor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Corruption in <b>elections</b> is the great enemy of freedom.
<i>J. Adams.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Power of choosing; free will; liberty to choose or act.</def> "By his own <i>election</i> led to ill."

<i>Daniel.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Discriminating choice; discernment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To use men with much difference and <b>election</b> is good.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Divine choice; predestination of individuals as objects of mercy and salvation; -- one of the "five points" of Calvinism.</def>

<blockquote>There is a remnant according to the <b>election</b> of grace.
<i>Rom. xi. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The choice, made by a party, of two alternatives, by taking one of which, the chooser is excluded from the other.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Those who are elected.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>election</b> hath obtained it.
<i>Rom. xi. 7.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To contest an election</col>. <cd>See under <er>Contest</er>.</cd> -- <col>To make one's election</col>, <cd>to choose.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>He <b>has made his election</b> to walk, in the main, in the old paths.
<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Electioneer</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>E*lec`tion*eer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Electionered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Electioneering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make interest for a candidate at an election; to use arts for securing the election of a candidate.</def>

<blockquote>A master of the whole art of <b>electioneering</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Electioneerer</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>E*lec`tion*eer"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who electioneers.</def>

<h1>Elective</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>E*lect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82lectif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Exerting the power of choice; selecting; <as>as, an <ex>elective</ex> act</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or consisting in, choice, or right of choosing; electoral.</def>

<blockquote>The independent use of their <b>elective</b> franchise.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Dependent on choice; bestowed or passing by election; <as>as, an <ex>elective</ex> study; an <ex>elective</ex> office.</as></def>

<blockquote>Kings of Rome were at first <b>elective</b>; . . . for such are the conditions of an <b>elective</b> kingdom.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Elective affinity</col> &or; <col>attraction</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a tendency to unite with certain things; chemism.</cd></cs>

<h1>Elective</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>E*lect"ive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>In an American college, an optional study or course of study.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Electively</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>E*lect"ive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an elective manner; by choice.</def>

<h1>Elector</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>E*lect"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>eligere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82lecteur</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who elects, or has the right of choice; a person who is entitled to take part in an election, or to give his vote in favor of a candidate for office.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, specifically, in any country, a person legally qualified to vote.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In the old German empire, one of the princes entitled to choose the emperor.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One of the persons chosen, by vote of the people in the United States, to elect the President and Vice President.</def>

<h1>Elector</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>E*lect"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82lectoral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to an election or to electors.</def>

<blockquote>In favor of the <b>electoral</b> and other princes.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Electoral college</col>, <cd>the body of princes formerly entitled to elect the Emperor of Germany; also, a name sometimes given, in the United States, to the body of electors chosen by the people to elect the President and Vice President.</cd></cs>

<h1>Electorality</h1>
<Xpage=476>

<hw>E*lect`or*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The territory or dignity of an elector; electorate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<hr>
<page="477">
Page 477<p>

<h1>Electorate</h1>
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<hw>E*lect"or*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82lectorat</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The territory, jurisdiction, or dignity of an elector, as in the old German empire.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The whole body of persons in a nation or state who are entitled to vote in an election, or any distinct class or division of them.</def>

<blockquote>The middle-class <b>electorate</b> of Great Britain.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Electoress</h1>
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<hw>E*lect"or*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Fem. of <er>Elector</er>.]</ety> <def>An electress.</def>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Electorial</h1>
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<hw>E`lec*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Electoral.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Electorship</h1>
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<hw>E*lect"or*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or status of an elector.</def>

<h1>Electre, Electer</h1>
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<hw><hw>E*lec"tre</hw>, <hw>E*lec"ter</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>electrum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82lectre</ets> mixture of gold and silver. See <er>Electrum</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Amber. See <er>Electrum</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A metallic substance compounded of gold and silver; an alloy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Electrepeter</h1>
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<hw>E`lec*trep"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Elec</ets>tro + Gr. <?/ to turn.]</ety> <def>An instrument used to change the direction of electric currents; a commutator.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Electress</h1>
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<hw>E*lect"ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82lectrice</ets>. Cf. <er>Electoress</er>.]</ety> <def>The wife or widow of an elector in the old German empire.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Electric, Electrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>E*lec"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E*lec"tric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>electrum</ets> amber, a mixed metal, Gr. <?/; akin to <?/ the beaming sun, cf. Skr. <ets>arc</ets> to beam, shine: cf. F. <ets>\'82lectrique</ets>. The name came from the production of electricity by the friction of amber.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to electricity; consisting of, containing, derived from, or produced by, electricity; <as>as, <ex>electric</ex> power or virtue; an <ex>electric</ex> jar; <ex>electric</ex> effects; an <ex>electric</ex> spark.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of occasioning the phenomena of electricity; <as>as, an <ex>electric</ex> or <ex>electrical</ex> machine or substance</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Electrifying; thrilling; magnetic.</def> "Electric Pindar."

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Electric atmosphere</col>, &or; <col>Electric aura</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Aura</er>.</cd> -- <col>Electrical battery</col>. <cd>See <er>Battery</er>.</cd> -- <col>Electrical brush</col>. <cd>See under <er>Brush</er>.</cd> -- <col>Electric cable</col>. <cd>See <cref>Telegraph cable</cref>, under <er>Telegraph</er>.</cd> -- <col>Electric candle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Candle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Electric cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of three or more large species of African catfish of the genus <spn>Malapterurus</spn> (esp. <spn>M. electricus</spn> of the Nile). They have a large electrical organ and are able to give powerful shocks; -- called also <altname>sheathfish</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Electric clock</col>. <cd>See under <er>Clock</er>, and see <er>Electro-chronograph</er>.</cd> -- <col>Electric current</col>, <cd>a current or stream of electricity traversing a closed circuit formed of conducting substances, or passing by means of conductors from one body to another which is in a different electrical state.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Electric, &or; Electrical</col>, <col>eel</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a South American eel-like fresh-water fish of the genus <spn>Gymnotus</spn> (<spn>G. electricus</spn>), from two to five feet in length, capable of giving a violent electric shock. See <er>Gymnotus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Electrical fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any fish which has an electrical organ by means of which it can give an electrical shock. The best known kinds are the torpedo, the gymnotus, or electrical eel, and the electric cat. See <er>Torpedo</er>, and <er>Gymnotus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Electric fluid</col>, <cd>the supposed matter of electricity; lightning.</cd> -- <col>Electrical image</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a collection of electrical points regarded as forming, by an analogy with optical phenomena, an image of certain other electrical points, and used in the solution of electrical problems. <i>Sir W. Thomson</i>.</cd> -- <col>Electrical light</col>, <cd>the light produced by a current of electricity which in passing through a resisting medium heats it to incandescence or burns it. See under <er>Carbon</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Electric, &or;  Electrical</col>, <col>machine</col></mcol>, <cd>an apparatus for generating, collecting, or exciting, electricity, as by friction.</cd> -- <col>Electric motor</col>. <cd>See <er>Electro-motor</er>, <p><b>2.</b></cd> -- <col>Electric osmose</col></mcol>. <fld>(Physics)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Osmose</er>.</cd> -- <col>Electric pen</col>, <cd>a hand pen for making perforated stencils for multiplying writings. It has a puncturing needle driven at great speed by a very small magneto-electric engine on the penhandle.</cd> -- <col>Electric railway</col>, <cd>a railway in which the machinery for moving the cars is driven by an electric current.</cd> -- <col>Electric ray</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the torpedo.</cd> -- <col>Electric telegraph</col>. <cd>See <er>Telegraph</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Electric</h1>
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<hw>E*lec"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A nonconductor of electricity, as amber, glass, resin, etc., employed to excite or accumulate electricity.</def>

<h1>Electrically</h1>
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<hw>E*lec"tric*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of electricity, or by means of it; thrillingly.</def>

<h1>Electricalness</h1>
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<hw>E*lec"tric*al*ness</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being electrical.</def>

<h1>Electrician</h1>
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<hw>E`lec*tri"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An investigator of electricity; one versed in the science of electricity.</def>

<h1>Electricity</h1>
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<hw>E`lec*tric"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Electricities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82lectricit\'82</ets>. See <er>Electric</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A power in nature, a manifestation of energy, exhibiting itself when in disturbed equilibrium or in activity by a circuit movement, the fact of direction in which involves <i>polarity</i>, or opposition of properties in opposite directions; also, by attraction for many substances, by a law involving <i>attraction</i> between surfaces of unlike polarity, and <i>repulsion</i> between those of like; by exhibiting accumulated polar tension when the circuit is broken; and by producing heat, light, concussion, and often chemical changes when the circuit passes between the poles or through any imperfectly conducting substance or space. It is generally brought into action by any disturbance of molecular equilibrium, whether from a chemical, physical, or mechanical, cause.</def>

<note>&hand; Electricity is manifested under following different forms: (<it>a</it>) <col>Statical electricity</col>, called also <mcol><col>Frictional &or; Common</col>, <col>electricity</col></mcol>, electricity in the condition of a stationary charge, in which the disturbance is produced by friction, as of glass, amber, etc., or by induction. (<it>b</it>) <col>Dynamical electricity</col>, called also <col>Voltaic electricity</col>, electricity in motion, or as a current produced by chemical decomposition, as by means of a voltaic battery, or by mechanical action, as by dynamo-electric machines. (<it>c</it>) <col>Thermoelectricity</col>, in which the disturbing cause is heat (attended possibly with some chemical action). It is developed by uniting two pieces of unlike metals in a bar, and then heating the bar unequally. (<it>d</it>) <col>Atmospheric electricity</col>, any condition of electrical disturbance in the atmosphere or clouds, due to some or all of the above mentioned causes. (<it>e</it>) <col>Magnetic electricity</col>, electricity developed by the action of magnets. (<it>f</it>)  <col>Positive electricity</col>, the electricity that appears at the positive pole or anode of a battery, or that is produced by friction of glass; -- called also <altname>vitreous electricity</altname>.  (<it>g</it>) <col>Negative electricity</col>, the electricity that appears at the negative pole or cathode, or is produced by the friction of resinous substance; -- called also <i>resinous electricity</i>. (<it>h</it>) <col>Organic electricity</col>, that which is developed in organic structures, either animal or vegetable, the phrase <i>animal electricity</i> being much more common.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The science which unfolds the phenomena and laws of electricity; electrical science.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: Electrifying energy or characteristic.</def>

<h1>Electrifiable</h1>
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<hw>E*lec"tri*fi`a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of receiving electricity, or of being charged with it.</def>

<h1>Electrification</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The act of electrifying, or the state of being charged with electricity.</def>

<h1>Electrify</h1>
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<hw>E*lec"tri*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Electrified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Electrifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Electr</ets>ic + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To communicate electricity to; to charge with electricity; <as>as, to <ex>electrify</ex> a jar</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause electricity to pass through; to affect by electricity; to give an electric shock to; <as>as, to <ex>electrify</ex> a limb, or the body</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To excite suddenly and violently, esp. by something highly delightful or inspiriting; to thrill; <as>as, this patriotic sentiment <ex>electrified</ex> the audience</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If the sovereign were now to immure a subject in defiance of the writ of habeas corpus . . . the whole nation would be instantly <b>electrified</b> by the news.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Try whether she could <b>electrify</b> Mr. Grandcourt by mentioning it to him at table.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Electrify</h1>
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<hw>E*lec"tri*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become electric.</def>

<h1>Electrine</h1>
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<hw>E*lec"trine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>electrinus</ets> of amber. See <er>Electric</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to, or made of, amber.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Made of electrum, an alloy used by the ancients.</def>

<h1>Electrition</h1>
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<hw>E`lec*tri"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The recognition by an animal body of the electrical condition of external objects.</def>

<h1>Electrization</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tri*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82lectrisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of electrizing; electrification.</def>

<h1>Electrize</h1>
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<hw>E*lec"trize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Electrized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Electrizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82lectriser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To electricity.</def>

<i>Eng. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Electrizer</h1>
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<hw>E*lec"tri`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, electrizes.</def>

<h1>Electro-</h1>
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<hw>E*lec"tro-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>electrum</ets> amber. See <er>Electric</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix or combining form signifying <i>pertaining to electricity</i>, <i>produced by electricity</i>, <i>producing</i> or <i>employing electricity</i>, etc.; <as>as, <ex>electro</ex>-negative; <ex>electro</ex>-dynamic; <ex>electro</ex>-magnet.</as></def>

<h1>Electro</h1>
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<hw>E*lec"tro</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An electrotype.</def>

<h1>Electro-ballistic</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-bal*lis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to electro-ballistics.</def>

<h1>Electro-ballistics</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-bal*lis"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or science of measuring the force or velocity of projectiles by means of electricity.</def>

<h1>Electro-biologist</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-bi*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One versed in electro-biology.</def>

<h1>Electro-biology</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-bi*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That branch of biology which treats of the electrical phenomena of living organisms.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That phase of mesmerism or animal magnetism, the phenomena of which are supposed to be produced by a form of electricity.</def>

<h1>Electro-bioscopy</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-bi*os"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Electro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ life + <ets>-scopy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A method of determining the presence or absence of life in an animal organism with a current of electricity, by noting the presence or absence of muscular contraction.</def>

<h1>Electro-capillarity</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-cap`il*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The occurrence or production of certain capillary effects by the action of an electrical current or charge.</def>

<h1>Electro-capillary</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-cap"il*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Pert. to, or caused by, electro-capillarity.</def>

<h1>Electro-chemical</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-chem"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to electro-chemistry.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Electro-chemistry</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-chem"is*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That branch of science which treats of the relation of electricity to chemical changes.</def>

<h1>Electro-chronograph</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-chron"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Astron. Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for obtaining an accurate record of the time at which any observed phenomenon occurs, or of its duration. It has an electro-magnetic register connected with a clock. See <er>Chronograph</er>.</def>

<h1>Electro-chronographic</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-chron`o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to the electro-chronograph, or recorded by the aid of it.</def>

<h1>Electrocute</h1>
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<hw>E*lec"tro*cute`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Electro-</ets> + <ets>cute</ets> in <ets>execute</ets>.]</ety> <def>To execute or put to death by electricity. -- <wordforms><wf>E*lec`tro*cu"tion</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms> <note>[<i>Recent</i>; <i>Newspaper words</i>]</note></def>

<h1>Electrode</h1>
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<hw>E*lec"trode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Electro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ way, path: cf. F. <ets>\'82lectrode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The path by which electricity is conveyed into or from a solution or other conducting medium; esp., the ends of the wires or conductors, leading from source of electricity, and terminating in the medium traversed by the current.</def>

<h1>Electro-dynamic, Electro-dynamical</h1>
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<hw><hw>E*lec`tro-dy*nam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E*lec`tro-dy*nam"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the movements or force of electric or galvanic currents; dependent on electric force.</def>

<h1>Electro-dynamics</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-dy*nam"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The phenomena of electricity in motion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The branch of science which treats of the properties of electric currents; dynamical electricity.</def>

<h1>Electro-dynamometer</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-dy`na*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instrument for measuring the strength of electro-dynamic currents.</def>

<h1>Electro-engraving</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-en*grav"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or process of engraving by means of electricity.</def>

<h1>Electro-etching</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-etch"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mode of etching upon metals by electrolytic action.</def>

<h1>Electrogenesis</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Electro-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Electrogeny</er>.</def>

<h1>Electrogenic</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to electrogenesis; <as>as, an <ex>electrogenic</ex> condition</as>.</def>

<h1>Electrogeny</h1>
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<hw>E`lec*trog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Electro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to produce.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A term sometimes applied to the effects (tetanus) produced in the muscles of the limbs, when a current of electricity is passed along the spinal cord or nerves.</def>

<h1>Electro-gilding</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-gild"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or process of gilding copper, iron, etc., by means of voltaic electricity.</def>

<h1>Electro-gilt</h1>
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<hw>E*lec"tro-gilt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gilded by means of voltaic electricity.</def>

<h1>Electrograph</h1>
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<hw>E*lec"tro*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Electro-</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mark, record, or tracing, made by the action of electricity.</def>

<h1>Electro-kinetic</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-ki*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to electro-kinetics.</def>

<h1>Electro-kinetics</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-ki*net"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That branch of electrical science which treats of electricity in motion.</def>

<h1>Electrolier</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro*lier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formed from <ets>electric</ets> in imitation of <ets>chandelier</ets>.]</ety> <def>A branching frame, often of ornamental design, to support electric illuminating lamps.</def>

<h1>Electrology</h1>
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<hw>E`lec*trol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Electro-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of physical science which treats of the phenomena of electricity and its properties.</def>

<h1>Electrolysis</h1>
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<hw>E`lec*trol"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Electro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a loosing, dissolving, fr. <?/ to loose, dissolve.]</ety> <fld>(Physics & Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process of chemical decomposition, by the action of electricity; <as>as, the <ex>electrolysis</ex> of silver or nickel for plating; the <ex>electrolysis</ex> of water.</as></def>

<h1>Electrolyte</h1>
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<hw>E*lec"tro*lyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Electro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a dissoluble: cf. F. <ets>\'82lectrolyte</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics & Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound decomposable, or subjected to decomposition, by an electric current.</def>

<h1>Electrolytic, Electrolytical</h1>
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<hw><hw>E*lec`tro*lyt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E*lec`tro*lyt"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82lectrolytique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to electrolysis; <as>as, <ex>electrolytic</ex> action</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>E*lec`tro*lyt"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Electrolyzable</h1>
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<hw>E*lec"tro*ly`za*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being electrolyzed, or decomposed by electricity.</def>

<h1>Electrolyzation</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro*ly*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or the process of electrolyzing.</def>

<h1>Electrolyze</h1>
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<hw>E*lec"tro*lyze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Electrolyzed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Electrolyzing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82lectrolyser</ets>. See <er>Electrolysis</er>.]</ety> <def>To decompose by the direct action of electricity.</def>

<i>Faraday.</i>

<h1>Electro-magnet</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-mag"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mass, usually of soft iron, but sometimes of some other magnetic metal, as nickel or cobalt, rendered temporarily magnetic by being placed within a coil of wire through which a current of electricity is passing. The metal is generally in the form of a bar, either straight, or bent into the shape of a horseshoe.</def>

<h1>Electro-magnetic</h1>
<Xpage=477>

<hw>E*lec`tro-mag*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, Pertaining to, or produced by, magnetism which is developed by the passage of an electric current.</def>

<cs><col>Electro-magnetic engine</col>, <cd>an engine in which the motive force is electro-magnetism.</cd> -- <col>Electro-magnetic theory of light</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>a theory of light which makes it consist in the rapid alternation of transient electric currents moving transversely to the direction of the ray.</cd></cs>

<h1>Electro-magnetism</h1>
<Xpage=477>

<hw>E*lec`tro-mag"net*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The magnetism developed by a current of electricity; the science which treats of the development of magnetism by means of voltaic electricity, and of the properties or actions of the currents evolved.</def>

<h1>Electro-metallurgy</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-met"al*lur`gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or art precipitating a metal electro-chemical action, by which a coating is deposited, on a prepared surface, as in electroplating and electrotyping; galvanoplasty.</def>

<h1>Electrometer</h1>
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<hw>E`lec*trom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Electro-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82lectrom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the quantity or intensity of electricity; also, sometimes, and less properly, applied to an instrument which indicates the presence of electricity (usually called an <i>electroscope</i>).</def>

<cs><col>Balance electrometer</col>. <cd>See under <er>Balance</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Electro-metric, Electro-metrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>E*lec`tro-met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E*lec`tro-met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82lectrom\'82trique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to electrometry; made by means of electrometer; <as>as, an <ex>electrometrical</ex> experiment</as>.</def>

<h1>Elextrometry</h1>
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<hw>E`lex*trom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82lectrom\'82trie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The art or process of making electrical measurements.</def>

<h1>Electro-motion</h1>
<Xpage=477>

<hw>E*lec`tro-mo"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The motion of electricity or its passage from one metal to another in a voltaic circuit; mechanical action produced by means of electricity.</def>

<h1>Electro-motive</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-mo"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Producing electro-motion; producing, or tending to produce, electricity or an electric current; causing electrical action or effects.</def>

<cs><col>Electro-motive force</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the force which produces, or tends to produce, electricity, or an electric current; sometimes used to express the degree of electrification as equivalent to potential, or more properly difference of potential.</cd></cs>

<h1>Electromotor</h1>
<Xpage=477>

<hw>E*lec`tro*mo"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82lectromoteur</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A mover or exciter of electricity; as apparatus for generating a current of electricity.</def>

<hr>
<page="478">
Page 478<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>An apparatus or machine for producing motion and mechanical effects by the action of electricity; an electro-magnetic engine.</def>

<h1>Electro-muscular</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec`tro-mus"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining the reaction (contraction) of the muscles under electricity, or their sensibility to it.</def>

<h1>Electron</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec"tron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Electric</er>.]</ety> <def>Amber; also, the alloy of gold and silver, called <i>electrum</i>.</def>

<h1>Electro-negative</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec`tro-neg"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem. & Physics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the property of being attracted by an electro-positive body, or a tendency to pass to the positive pole in electrolysis, by the law that opposite electricities attract each other.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Negative; nonmetallic; acid; -- opposed to <i>positive</i>, <i>metallic</i>, or <i>basic</i>.</def>

<h1>Electro-negative</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec`tro-neg"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem. & Physics)</fld> <def>A body which passes to the positive pole in electrolysis.</def>

<h1>Electropathy</h1>
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<hw>E`lec*trop"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Electro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ suffering.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The treatment of disease by electricity.</def>

<h1>Electrophone</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec"tro*phone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Electro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ sound.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for producing sound by means of electric currents.</def>

<h1>Electrophorus</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec`troph"o*rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.  <plw>Electrophori</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. combining form <ets>electro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for exciting electricity, and repeating the charge indefinitely by induction, consisting of a flat cake of resin, shelllac, or ebonite, upon which is placed a plate of metal.</def>

<h1>Electro-physiological</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-phys`i*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to electrical results produced through physiological agencies, or by change of action in a living organism.</def>

<h1>Electro-physiology</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec`tro-phys`i*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>That branch of physiology which treats of electric phenomena produced through physiological agencies.</def>

<h1>Electroplate</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec"tro*plate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Electroplating</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>To plate or cover with a coating of metal, usually silver, nickel, or gold, by means of electrolysis.</def>

<h1>Electroplater</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec"tro*pla`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who electroplates.</def>

<h1>Electroplating</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec"tro*pla`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or process of depositing a coating (commonly) of silver, gold, or nickel on an inferior metal, by means of electricity.</def>

<h1>Electro-polar</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec`tro-po"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Possessing electrical polarity; positively electrified at one end, or on one surface, and negatively at the other; -- said of a conductor.</def>

<h1>Electro-positive</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec`tro-pos"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Of such a nature relatively to some other associated body or bodies, as to tend to the negative pole of a voltaic battery, in electrolysis, while the associated body tends to the positive pole; -- the converse or correlative of <i>electro-negative</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; An element that is <i>electro-positive</i> in one compound may be <i>electro-negative</i> in another, and <i>vice versa</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Hence: Positive; metallic; basic; -- distinguished from <i>negative</i>, <i>nonmetallic</i>, or <i>acid</i>.</def>

<h1>Electro-positive</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec`tro-pos"i*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem. & Physics)</fld> <def>A body which passes to the negative pole in electrolysis.</def>

<h1>Electro-puncturation, Electro-puncturing</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw><hw>E*lec`tro-punc`tu*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E*lec`tro-punc`tur*ing</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Electropuncture</er>.</def>

<h1>Electro-puncture</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-punc`ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An operation that consists in inserting needless in the part affected, and connecting them with the poles of a galvanic apparatus.</def>

<h1>Electroscope</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec"tro*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Electro-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82lectroscope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for detecting the presence of electricity, or changes in the electric state of bodies, or the species of electricity present, as by means of pith balls, and the like.</def>

<cs><col>Condensing electroscope</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>a form of electroscope in which an increase of sensibility is obtained by the use of a condenser.</cd></cs>

<h1>Electroscopic</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec`tro*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or made by means of, the electroscope.</def>

<h1>Electrostatic</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec`tro*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to electrostatics.</def>

<h1>Electrostatics</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec`tro*stat"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That branch of science which treats of statical electricity or electric force in a state of rest.</def>

<h1>Electro-stereotype</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-ste"re*o*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Electrotype</er>.</def>

<h1>Electro-telegraphic</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec`tro-tel`e*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the electric telegraph, or by means of it.</def>

<h1>Electro-telegraphy</h1>
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<hw>E*lec`tro-te*leg"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or science of constructing or using the electric telegraph; the transmission of messages by means of the electric telegraph.</def>

<h1>Electro-therapeutics</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec`tro-ther`a*peu"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The branch of medical science which treats of the applications agent.</def>

<h1>Electro-thermancy</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec`tro-ther"man*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That branch of electrical science which treats of the effect of an electric current upon the temperature of a conductor, or a part of a circuit composed of two different metals.</def>

<h1>Electro-tint</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec"tro-tint`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A style   of engraving in relief by means of voltaic electricity. A picture is drawn on a metallic plate with some material which resists the fluids of a battery; so that, in electro-typing, the parts not covered by the varnish, etc., receive a deposition of metal, and produce the required copy in intaglio. A cast of this is then the plate for printing.</def>

<h1>Electrotonic</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec`tro*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to electrical tension; -- said of a supposed peculiar condition of a conducting circuit during its exposure to the action of another conducting circuit traversed by a uniform electric current when both circuits remain stationary.</def>

<i>Faraday.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Relating to electrotonus; <as>as, the <ex>electrotonic</ex> condition of a nerve</as>.</def>

<h1>Electrotonize</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E`lec*trot"o*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To cause or produce electrotonus.</def>

<h1>Electrotonous</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E`lec*trot"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Electrotonic.</def>

<h1>Electrotonus</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E`lec*trot"o*nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. combining form <ets>electro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ tension.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The modified condition of a nerve, when a constant current of electricity passes through any part of it. See <er>Anelectrotonus</er>, and <er>Catelectrotonus</er>.</def>

<h1>Electrotype</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec"tro*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Electro-</ets> + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <def>A facsimile plate made by electrotypy for use in printing; also, an impression or print from such plate. Also used adjectively.</def>

<note>&hand; The face of an <i>electrotype</i> consists of a shell of copper, silver, or the like, produced by the action of an electrical current upon a plate of metal and a wax mold suspended in an acid bath and connected with opposite poles of the battery. It is backed up with a solid filling of type metal.</note>

<h1>Electrotype</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec"tro*type</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Electrotyped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Electrotyping</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make facsimile plates of by the electrotype process; as to <i>electrotype</i> a page of type, a book, etc. See <er>Electrotype</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Electrotyper</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec"tro*ty`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who electrotypes.</def>

<h1>Electrotypic</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec`tro*typ"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or effected by means of, electrotypy.</def>

<h1>Electrotyping</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec"tro*ty`ping</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or the process of making electrotypes.</def>

<h1>Electrotypy</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec"tro*ty`py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of producing electrotype plates. See Note under <er>Electrotype</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Electro-vital</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec`tro-vi"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Derived from, or dependent upon, vital processes; -- said of certain electric currents supposed by some physiologists to circulate in the nerves of animals.</def>

<h1>Electro-vitalism</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec`tro-vi"tal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The theory that the functions of living organisms are dependent upon electricity or a kindred force.</def>

<h1>Electrum</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec"trum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Electric</er>, and cf. <er>Electre</er>, <er>Electron</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Amber.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An alloy of gold and silver, of an amber color, used by the ancients.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>German-silver plate. See <cref>German silver</cref>, under <er>German</er>.</def>

<h1>Electuary</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*lec"tu*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Electuaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>letuaire</ets>, OF. <ets>lettuaire</ets>, <ets>electuaire</ets>, F. <ets>\'82lectuaire</ets>, L. <ets>electuarium</ets>, <ets>electarium</ets>. prob. fr. Gr. <?/, <?/ a medicine that is licked away, fr. Gr. <?/ to lick up; <?/ out + <?/ to lick. See <er>Lick</er>, and cf. <er>Eclegm</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine composed of powders, or other ingredients, incorporated with some convserve, honey, or sirup; a confection. See the note under <er>Confection</er>.</def>

<h1>Eleemosynarily</h1>
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<hw>El`ee*mos"y*na*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an eleemosynary manner; by charity; charitably.</def>

<h1>Eleemosynary</h1>
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<hw>El`ee*mos"y*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>eleemosynarius</ets>, fr. <ets>eleemosyna</ets> alms, Gr. <?/ alms. See <er>Alms</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to charity, alms, or almsgiving; intended for the distribution of charity; <as>as, an <ex>eleemosynary</ex> corporation</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Given in charity or alms; having the nature of alms; <as>as, <ex>eleemosynary</ex> assistance</as>.</def> "<i>Eleemosynary</i> cures."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Supported by charity; <as>as, <ex>eleemosynary</ex> poor</as>.</def>

<h1>Eleemosynary</h1>
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<hw>El`ee*mos"y*na*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Eleemosynaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who subsists on charity; a dependent.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Elegance, Elegancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>El"e*gance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>El"e*gan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elegantia</ets>, fr. <ets>elegans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, elegant: cf. F. <ets>\'82l\'82gance</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being elegant; beauty as resulting from choice qualities and the complete absence of what deforms or impresses unpleasantly; grace given by art or practice; fine polish; refinement; -- said of manners, language, style, form, architecture, etc.</def>

<blockquote>That grace that <b>elegance</b> affords.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The endearing <b>elegance</b> of female friendship.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A trait of native <b>elegance</b>, seldom seen in the masculine character after childhood or early youth, was shown in the General's fondness for the sight and fragrance of flowers.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is elegant; that which is tasteful and highly attractive.</def>

<blockquote>The beautiful wildness of nature, without the nicer <b>elegancies</b> of art.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Elegance</er>, <er>Grace</er>. <i>Elegance</i> implies something of a select style of beauty, which is usually produced by art, skill, or training; <as>as, <ex>elegance</ex> of manners, composition, handwriting, etc.; <ex>elegant</ex> furniture; an <ex>elegant</ex> house, etc.</as>  <i>Grace</i>, as the word is here used, refers to bodily movements, and is a lower order of beauty. It may be a natural gift; thus, the manners of a peasant girl may be <i>graceful</i>, but can hardly be called <i>elegant</i>.</syn>

<h1>Elegant</h1>
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<hw>El"e*gant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elegans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>; akin to <ets>eligere</ets> to pick out, choose, select: cf. F. <ets>\'82l\'82gant</ets>. See <er>Elect</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Very choice, and hence, pleasing to good taste; characterized by grace, propriety, and refinement, and the absence of every thing offensive; exciting admiration and approbation by symmetry, completeness, freedom from blemish, and the like; graceful; tasteful and highly attractive; <as>as, <ex>elegant</ex> manners; <ex>elegant</ex> style of composition; an <ex>elegant</ex> speaker; an <ex>elegant</ex> structure.</as></def>

<blockquote>A more diligent cultivation of <b>elegant</b> literature.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exercising a nice choice; discriminating beauty or sensitive to beauty; <as>as, <ex>elegant</ex> taste</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Tasteful; polished; graceful; refined; comely; handsome; richly ornamental.</syn>

<h1>Elegantly</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>El"e*gant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner to please nice taste; with elegance; with due symmetry; richly.</def>

<h1>Elegiac</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*le"gi*ac</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elegiacus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>\'82l\'82giaque</ets>. See <er>Elegy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to elegy, or written in elegiacs; plaintive; expressing sorrow or lamentation; <as>as, an <ex>elegiac</ex> lay; <ex>elegiac</ex> strains.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Elegiac</b> griefs, and songs of love.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Used in elegies; <as>as, <ex>elegiac</ex> verse; the <ex>elegiac</ex> distich or couplet, consisting of a dactylic hexameter and pentameter.</as></def>

<h1>Elegiac</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*le"gi*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Elegiac verse.</def>

<h1>Elegiacal</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>El`e*gi"a*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Elegiac.</def>

<h1>Elegiast</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>E*le"gi*ast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who composes elegies.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Elegiographer</h1>
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<hw>El`e*gi*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an elegy + <ets>-graph + -er</ets>.]</ety> <def>An elegist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Elegist</h1>
<Xpage=478>

<hw>El"e*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A write of elegies.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Elegit</h1>
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<hw>E*le"git</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., he has chosen, fr. <ets>eligere</ets> to choose. See <er>Elect</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A judicial writ of execution, by which a defendant's goods are appraised and delivered to the plaintiff, and, if no sufficient to satisfy the debt, all of his lands are delivered, to be held till the debt is paid by the rents and profits, or until the defendant's interest has expired.</def>

<h1>Elegize</h1>
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<hw>El"e*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lament in an elegy; to celebrate in elegiac verse; to bewail.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Elegy</h1>
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<hw>El"e*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.  <plw>Elegies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>elegia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fem. sing. (cf. <?/, prop., neut. pl. of <?/ a distich in elegiac verse), fr. <?/ elegiac, fr. <?/ a song of mourning.]</ety> <def>A mournful or plaintive poem; a funereal song; a poem of lamentation.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Eleidin</h1>
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<hw>E*le"i*din</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Lifeless matter deposited in the form of minute granules within the protoplasm of living cells.</def>

<h1>Element</h1>
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<hw>El"e*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82l\'82ment</ets>, L. <ets>elementum</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the ultimate, undecomposable constituents of any kind of matter. Specifically: <fld>(Chem.)</fld> A substance which cannot be decomposed into different kinds of matter by any means at present employed; <as>as, the <ex>elements</ex> of water are oxygen and hydrogen</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The elements are naturally classified in several families or groups, as the group of the <i>alkaline</i> elements, the <i>halogen</i> group, and the like. They are roughly divided into two great classes, the <i>metals</i>, as sodium, calcium, etc., which form basic compounds, and the <i>nonmetals</i> or <i>metalloids</i>, as oxygen, sulphur, chlorine, which form acid compounds; but the distinction is only relative, and some, as arsenic, tin, aluminium, etc., form both acid and basic compounds. The essential fact regarding every element is its relative <i>atomic weight</i> or <i>equivalent</i>. When the elements are tabulated in the order of their ascending atomic weights, the arrangement constitutes the series of the <i>Periodic law</i> of Mendelejeff. See <cref>Periodic law</cref>, under <er>Periodic</er>. This Periodic law enables us to predict the qualities of unknown elements. The number of elements known is about seventy-five, but the gaps in the Periodic law indicate the possibility of many more. Many of the elements with which we are familiar, as hydrogen, carbon, iron, gold, etc., have been recognized, by means of spectrum analysis, in the sun and the fixed stars. From certain evidence (as that afforded by the Periodic law, spectrum analysis, etc.) it appears that the chemical elements probably may not be simple bodies, but only very stable compounds of some simpler body or bodies. In formulas, the elements are designated by abbreviations of their names in Latin or New Latin.</note>

<hr>
<page="478">
Page 478<p>
<table>
<ttitle>The Elements</ttitle>
------------------------------------------------------------
Name                 |Sym-|Atomic Weight|
                     |bol | O=16  | H=1 |
------------------------------------------------------------
Aluminum | Al | 27.1  | 26.9|
Antimony(Stibium)
Argon
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium (see Glucinum)
Bismuth
Boron
Bromine
Cadmium
Caesium
Calcium
Carbon
Cerium
Chlorine
Chromium
Cobalt
Columbium
Copper (<i>Cuprum</i>)
Erbium
Fluorine
Gadolinium
Gallium
Germanium
Glucinum <--(now Beryllium)-->
Gold
Helium
Hydrogen
Indium
Iodine
Iridium
Iron (<i>Ferrum</i>)
Krypton
Lanthanum
Lead (<i>Plumbum</i>)
Lithium
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury (<i>Hydrargyrum</i>)
Molybdenum
Neodymium
Neon
Nickel
Niobium (see Columbium)
Nirogen
Osmium
Oxygen
Palladium
Phosphorus
Platinum
Potassium (<i>Kalium</i>)
Praseodymium
Rhodium
Rubidium
Ruthenium
<hr>
<page="479">
Page 479<p>
-----------------------------------------------------------
The Elements -- continued
------------------------------------------------------------
Name
Samarium
Scandium
Selenium
Silicon
Silver (<i>Argentum</i>)
Sodium (<i>Natrium</i>)
Strontium
Sulphur
Tantalum
Tellurium
Thallium
Thorium
Thulium
Tin (<i>Stannum</i>)
Titanium
Tungsten (<i>Wolfram</i>ium)
Uranium
Vanadium
Wolfranium (see <er>Tungsten</er>)
Xenon
Ytterbium
Yttrium
Zinc
Zirconium
------------------------------------------------------------
</table>

<note>Several other elements have been announced, as holmium, vesbium, austrium, etc., but their properties, and in some cases their existence, have not yet been definitely established.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of the ultimate parts which are variously combined in anything; <as>as, letters are the <ex>elements</ex> of written language</as>; hence, also, a simple portion of that which is complex, as a shaft, lever, wheel, or any simple part in a machine; one of the essential ingredients of any mixture; a constituent part; <as>as, quartz, feldspar, and mica are the <ex>elements</ex> of granite</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The simplicity which is so large an <b>element</b> in a noble nature was laughed to scorn.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd.).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One out of several parts combined in a system of aggregation, when each is of the nature of the whole; <as>as, a single cell is an <ex>element</ex> of the honeycomb</as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the smallest natural divisions of the organism, as a blood corpuscle, a muscular fiber.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the simplest essential parts, more commonly called <i>cells</i>, of which animal and vegetable organisms, or their tissues and organs, are composed.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An infinitesimal part of anything of the same nature as the entire magnitude considered; <as>as, in a solid an <ex>element</ex> may be infinitesimal portion between any two planes that are separated and indefinitely small distance</as></def>. In the calculus, <i>element</i> is sometimes used as synonymous with <i>differential</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Sometimes a curve, or surface, or volume is considered as described by a moving point, or curve, or surface, the latter being at any instant called an <i>element</i> of the former</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>One of the terms in an algebraic expression.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>One of the necessary data or values upon which a system of calculations depends, or general conclusions are based; <as>as, the <ex>elements</ex> of a planet's orbit</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The simplest or fundamental principles of any system in philosophy, science, or art; rudiments; <as>as, the <ex>elements</ex> of geometry, or of music</as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Any outline or sketch, regarded as containing the fundamental ideas or features of the thing in question; <as>as, the <ex>elemental</ex> of a plan</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>One of the simple substances, as supposed by the ancient philosophers; one of the imaginary principles of matter</def>. <note><sd>(a)</sd> The four <i>elements</i> were, air, earth, water, and fire; whence it is said, water is the proper <i>element</i> of fishes; air is the <i>element</i> of birds. Hence, the state or sphere natural to anything or suited for its existence.</def>

<blockquote>Of <b>elements</b>
The grosser feeds the purer: Earth the Sea;
Earth and the Sea feed Air; the Air those Fires
Ethereal.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Does not our life consist of the four <b>elements</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And the complexion of the <b>element</b> [<it>i. e.</it>,the sky or air]
In favor's like the work we have in hand,
Most bloody, fiery, and most terrible.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>About twelve ounces [of food], with mere <b>element</b> for drink.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They show that they are out of their <b>element</b>.
<i>T. Baker.</i></blockquote>

Esp., the conditions and movements of the air. "The <i>elements</i> be kind to thee." <sd>(b)</sd> The <i>elements</i> of the alchemists were salt, sulphur, and mercury.

<i>Brande & C.</i></note>

<p><b>11.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The whole material composing the world.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>elements</b> shall melt with fervent heat.
<i>2 Peter iii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The bread and wine used in the eucharist or Lord's supper.</def>

<cs><col>Magnetic element</col>, <cd>one of the hypothetical elementary portions of which a magnet is regarded as made up.</cd></cs>

<h1>Element</h1>
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<hw>El"e*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To compound of elements or first principles.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "[Love] being <i>elemented</i> too."

<i>Donne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To constitute; to make up with elements.</def>

<blockquote>His very soul was <b>elemented</b> of nothing but sadness.
<i>Walton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Elemental</h1>
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<hw>El`e*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the elements, first principles, and primary ingredients, or to the four supposed elements of the material world; <as>as, <ex>elemental</ex> air</as>.</def> "<i>Elemental</i> strife."

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to rudiments or first principles; rudimentary; elementary.</def> "The <i>elemental</i> rules of erudition."

<i>Cawthorn.</i>

<h1>Elementalism</h1>
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<hw>El`e*men"tal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>The theory that the heathen divinities originated in the personification of elemental powers.</def>

<h1>Elementality</h1>
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<hw>E`le*men*tal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being composed of elements, or a thing so composed.</def>

<h1>Elementally</h1>
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<hw>El`e*men"tal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to elements; literally; <as>as, the words, "Take, eat; this is my body," <ex>elementally</ex> understood</as>.</def>

<h1>Elementar</h1>
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<hw>El`e*men"tar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Elementary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Elementariness</h1>
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<hw>El`e*men"ta*ri*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being elementary; original simplicity; uncompounded state.</def>

<h1>Elementarity</h1>
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<hw>El`e*men*tar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Elementariness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Elementary</h1>
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<hw>El`e*men"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elementarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82l\'82mentaire</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having only one principle or constituent part; consisting of a single element; simple; uncompounded; <as>as, an <ex>elementary</ex> substance</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or treating of, the elements, rudiments, or first principles of anything; initial; rudimental; introductory; <as>as, an <ex>elementary</ex> treatise</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pertaining to one of the four elements, air, water, earth, fire.</def> "Some luminous and fiery impressions in the <i>elementary</i> region."

<i>J. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Elementation</h1>
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<hw>El`e*men*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Instruction in the elements or first principles.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Elementoid</h1>
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<hw>El"e*men*toid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Element</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling an element.</def>

<h1>Elemi</h1>
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<hw>El"e*mi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82lemi</ets>, It. <ets>elemi</ets>, Sp. <ets>elemi</ets>; of American or Oriental. origin.]</ety> <def>A fragrant gum resin obtained chiefly tropical trees of the genera <spn>Amyris</spn> and <spn>Canarium</spn>. <spn>A. elemifera</spn> yields Mexican elemi; <spn>C. commune</spn>, the Manila elemi. It is used in the manufacture of varnishes, also in ointments and plasters.</def>

<h1>Elemin</h1>
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<hw>El"e*min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A transparent, colorless oil obtained from elemi resin by distillation with water; also, a crystallizable extract from the resin.</def>

<h1>Elench</h1>
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<hw>E*lench"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Elenchs</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>elenchus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to convict, confute, prove: cf. OF. <ets>elenche</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of an argument on which its conclusiveness depends; that which convinces of refutes an antagonist; a refutation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A specious but fallacious argument; a sophism.</def>

<h1>Elenchical</h1>
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<hw>E*len"chic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an elench.</def>

<h1>Elenchically</h1>
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<hw>E*len"chic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By means of an elench.</def>

<h1>Elenchize</h1>
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<hw>E*len"chize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To dispute.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Elenchtic, Elenchtical</h1>
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<hw><hw>E*lench"tic</hw>, <hw>E*lench"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Elenctic</er>.</def>

<h1>Elenchus</h1>
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<hw>E*len"chus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Elench</er>.</def>

<h1>Elenctic, Elenctical</h1>
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<hw><hw>E*lenc"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E*lenc"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Serving to refute; refutative; -- applied to indirect modes of proof, and opposed to <i>deictic</i>.</def>

<h1>Elenge</h1>
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<hw>El"enge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>ellende</ets> foreign, strange, G. <ets>elend</ets> miserable.]</ety> <def>Sorrowful; wretched; full of trouble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Elengeness</h1>
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<hw>El"enge*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Loneliness; misery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Elephansy</h1>
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<hw>El"e*phan*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elephantia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Elephantiasis.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Elephant</h1>
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<hw>El"e*phant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>elefaunt</ets>, <ets>olifant</ets>, OF. <ets>olifant</ets>, F. <ets>\'82l\'82phant</ets>, L. <ets>elephantus</ets>, <ets>elephas</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/; of unknown origin; perh. fr. Skr. <ets>ibha</ets>, with the Semitic article <ets>al</ets>, <ets>el</ets>, prefixed, or fr. Semitic <ets>Aleph hindi</ets> Indian bull; or cf. Goth. <ets>ulbandus</ets> camel, AS. <ets>olfend</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mammal of the order Proboscidia, of which two living species, <spn>Elephas Indicus</spn> and <spn>E. Africanus</spn>, and several fossil species, are known. They have a proboscis or trunk, and two large ivory tusks proceeding from the extremity of the upper jaw, and curving upwards. The molar teeth are large and have transverse folds. Elephants are the largest land animals now existing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ivory; the tusk of the elephant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>
<-- Illustr. of Elephant. -->

<cs><col>Elephant apple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an East Indian fruit with a rough, hard rind, and edible pulp, borne by <spn>Feronia elephantum</spn>, a large tree related to the orange.</cd> -- <col>Elephant bed</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>at Brighton, England, abounding in fossil remains of elephants. <i>Mantell</i>.</cd> -- <col>Elephant beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any very large beetle of the genus <spn>Goliathus</spn> (esp. <spn>G. giganteus</spn>), of the family <spn>Scarab\'91id\'91</spn>. They inhabit West Africa.</cd> -- <col>Elephant fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a chim\'91roid fish (<spn>Callorhynchus antarcticus</spn>), with a proboscis-like projection of the snout.</cd> -- <col>Elephant paper</col>, <cd>paper of large size, 23 &times; 28 inches.</cd> -- <col>Double elephant paper</col>, <cd>paper measuring 26<?/ &times; 40 inches. See Note under <er>Paper</er>.</cd> -- <col>Elephant seal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an African jumping shrew (<spn>Macroscelides typicus</spn>), having a long nose like a proboscis.</cd> -- <col>Elephant's ear</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to certain species of the genus Begonia, which have immense one-sided leaves.</cd> -- <col>Elephant's foot</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A South African plant (<spn>Testudinaria Elephantipes</spn>), which has a massive rootstock covered with a kind of bark cracked with deep fissures; -- called also <altname>tortoise plant</altname>. The interior part is barely edible, whence the plant is also called <altname>Hottentot's bread</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A genus (<spn>Elephantopus</spn>) of coarse, composite weeds.</cd> -- <col>Elephant's tusk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the tooth shell. See <er>Dentalium</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Elephantiac</h1>
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<hw>El`e*phan"ti*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Affected with elephantiasis; characteristic of elephantiasis.</def>

<h1>Elephantiasis</h1>
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<hw>El`e*phan*ti"a*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, from <?/, <?/, an elephant.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease of the skin, in which it become enormously thickened, and is rough, hard, and fissured, like an elephant's hide.</def>

<h1>Elephantine</h1>
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<hw>El`e*phan"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elephantinus</ets> of ivory, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>\'82l\'82phantin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the elephant, or resembling an elephant (commonly, in size); hence, huge; immense; heavy; <as>as, of <ex>elephantine</ex> proportions; an <ex>elephantine</ex> step or tread.</as></def>

<cs><col>Elephantine epoch</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the epoch distinguished by the existence of large pachyderms. <i>Mantell</i>.</cd> -- <col>Elephantine tortoise</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a huge land tortoise; esp., <spn>Testudo elephantina</spn>, from islands in the Indian Ocean; and <spn>T. elephantopus</spn>, from the Galapagos Islands.</cd></cs>

<h1>Elephantoid; 277, Elephantoidal</h1>
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<hw><hw>El"e*phan*toid`</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <hw>El`e*phan*toid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Elephant</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling an elephant in form or appearance.</def>

<h1>Eleusinian</h1>
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<hw>El`eu*sin"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Eleusinius</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Eleusis, in Greece, or to secret rites in honor of Ceres, there celebrated; <as>as, <ex>Eleusinian</ex> mysteries or festivals</as>.</def>

<h1>Eleutheromania</h1>
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<hw>E*leu`ther*o*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.  <?/ free + E. <ets>mania</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mania or frantic zeal for freedom.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Eleutheromaniac</h1>
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<hw>E*leu`ther*o*ma"ni*ac</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mad for freedom.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Eleuthero-petalous</h1>
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<hw>E*leu`ther*o-pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ free + E. <ets>petal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the petals free, that is, entirely separate from each other; -- said of both plant and flower.</def>

<h1>Elevate</h1>
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<hw>El"e*vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elevatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Elevated; raised aloft.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Elevate</h1>
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<hw>El"e*vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>   <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Elevated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Elevating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>elevatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>elevare</ets>; <ets>e + levare</ets> to lift up, raise, akin to <ets>levis</ets> light in weight. See <er>Levity</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring from a lower place to a higher; to lift up; to raise; <as>as, to <ex>elevate</ex> a weight, a flagstaff, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To raise to a higher station; to promote; <as>as, to <ex>elevate</ex> to an office, or to a high social position</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To raise from a depressed state; to animate; to cheer; <as>as, to <ex>elevate</ex> the spirits</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To exalt; to ennoble; to dignify; <as>as, to <ex>elevate</ex> the mind or character</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To raise to a higher pitch, or to a greater degree of loudness; -- said of sounds; <as>as, to <ex>elevate</ex> the voice</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To intoxicate in a slight degree; to render tipsy.</def> <mark>[Colloq. & Sportive]</mark> "The <i>elevated</i> cavaliers sent for two tubs of merry stingo."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To lessen; to detract from; to disparage.</def> <mark>[A Latin meaning]</mark> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<cs><col>To elevate a piece</col> <fld>(Gun.)</fld>, <cd>to raise the muzzle; to lower the breech.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To exalt; dignify; ennoble; erect; raise; hoist; heighten; elate; cheer; flush; excite; animate.</syn>

<h1>Elevated</h1>
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<hw>El"e*va`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Uplifted; high; lofty; also, animated; noble; <as>as, <ex>elevated</ex> thoughts</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Elevated railway</col>, <cd>one in which the track is raised considerably above the ground, especially a city railway above the line of street travel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Elevatedness</h1>
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<hw>El"e*va`ted*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being elevated.</def>

<h1>Elevation</h1>
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<hw>El`e*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elevatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82l\'82vation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of raising from a lower place, condition, or quality to a higher; -- said of material things, persons, the mind, the voice, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>elevation</ex> of grain; <ex>elevation</ex> to a throne; <ex>elevation</ex> of mind, thoughts, or character.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Condition of being elevated; height; exaltation.</def> "Degrees of <i>elevation</i> above us."

<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>His style . . .  wanted a little <b>elevation</b>.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is raised up or elevated; an elevated place or station; <as>as, an <ex>elevation</ex> of the ground</as>; a hill.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The distance of a celestial object above the horizon, or the arc of a vertical circle intercepted between it and the horizon; altitude; <as>as, the <ex>elevation</ex> of the pole, or of a star</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Dialing)</fld> <def>The angle which the style makes with the substylar line.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Gunnery)</fld> <def>The movement of the axis of a piece in a vertical plane; also, the angle of elevation, that is, the angle between the axis of the piece and the line o<?/  sight; -- distinguished from <i>direction</i>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Drawing)</fld> <def>A geometrical projection of a building, or other object, on a plane perpendicular to the horizon; orthographic projection on a vertical plane; -- called by the ancients the <i>orthography</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Angle of elevation</col> <fld>(Geodesy)</fld>, <cd>the angle which an ascending line makes with a horizontal plane.</cd> -- <col>Elevation of the host</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>that part of the Mass in which the priest raises the host above his head for the people to adore.</cd></cs>

<h1>Elevator</h1>
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<hw>El"e*va`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., one who raises up, a deliverer: cf. F. <ets>\'82l\'82vateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, raises or lifts up anything</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mechanical contrivance, usually an endless belt or chain with a series of scoops or buckets, for transferring grain to an upper loft for storage</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A cage or platform and the hoisting machinery in a hotel, warehouse, mine, etc., for conveying persons, goods, etc., to or from different floors or levels; -- called in England a <i>lift</i>; the cage or platform itself</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A building for elevating, storing, and discharging, grain</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which serves to raise a part of the body, as the leg or the eye</def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument for raising a depressed portion of a bone.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Elevator head</col>, <col>leg</col>, &and; <col>boot</col></mcol>, <cd>the boxes in which the upper pulley, belt, and lower pulley, respectively, run in a grain elevator.</cd></cs>

<h1>Elevatory</h1>
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<hw>El"e*va`to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to raise, or having power to elevate; <as>as, <ex>elevatory</ex> forces</as>.</def>

<h1>Elevatory</h1>
<Xpage=479>

<hw>El"e*va`to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82l\'82vatoire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>See <er>Elevator</er>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(e)</sd>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<hr>
<page="480">
Page 480<p>

<h1>\'90l\'8ave</h1>
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<hw>\'90`l\'8ave"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>\'82lever</ets> to raise, bring up.]</ety> <def>A pupil; a student</def>.

<h1>Eleven</h1>
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<hw>E*lev"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>enleven</ets>, AS. <ets>endleofan</ets>, <ets>endlufon</ets>, for <ets>nleofan</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>eleve</ets>, <ets>\'94lwe</ets>, <ets>\'94lwen</ets>, D. <ets>elf</ets>, G. <ets>elf</ets>, <ets>eilf</ets>, OHG. <ets>einlif</ets>, Icel. <ets>ellifu</ets>, Sw. <ets>elfva</ets>, Dan. <ets>elleve</ets>, Goth. <ets>ainlif</ets>, cf. Lith. <ets>v\'89nolika</ets>; and fr. the root of E. <ets>one</ets> + (prob.) a root signifying "to be left over, remain," appearing in E. <ets>loan</ets>, or perh. in <ets>leave</ets>, v. t., <ets>life</ets>. See <er>One</er>, and cf. <er>Twelve</er>.]</ety> <def>Ten and one added; <as>as, <ex>eleven</ex> men</as>.</def>

<h1>Eleven</h1>
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<hw>E*lev"en</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The sum of ten and one; eleven units or objects.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A symbol representing eleven units, as 11 or xi.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Cricket & American Football)</fld> <def>The eleven men selected to play on one side in a match, as the representatives of a club or a locality; <as>as, the all-England <ex>eleven</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Eleventh</h1>
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<hw>E*lev"enth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>endlyfta</ets>. See <er>Eleven</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Next after the tenth; <as>as, the <ex>eleventh</ex> chapter</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Constituting one of eleven parts into which a thing is divided; <as>as, the <ex>eleventh</ex> part of a thing</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the interval of the octave and the fourth.</def>

<h1>Eleventh</h1>
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<hw>E*lev"enth</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quotient of a unit divided by eleven; one of eleven equal parts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The interval consisting of ten conjunct degrees; the interval made up of an octave and a fourth.</def>

<h1>Elf</h1>
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<hw>Elf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Elves</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>\'91lf</ets>, <ets>ylf</ets>; akin to MHG. <ets>alp</ets>, G. <ets>alp</ets> nightmare, incubus, Icel. <ets><?/ltr</ets> elf, Sw. <ets>alf</ets>, <ets>elfva</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>rbhu</ets> skillful, artful, <ets>rabh</ets> to grasp. Cf. <er>Auf</er>, <er>Oaf</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An imaginary supernatural being, commonly a little sprite, much like a fairy; a mythological diminutive spirit, supposed to haunt hills and wild places, and generally represented as delighting in mischievous tricks.</def>

<blockquote>Every <b>elf</b>, and fairy sprite,
Hop as light as bird from brier.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A very diminutive person; a dwarf.</def>

<cs><col>Elf arrow</col>, <cd>a flint arrowhead; -- so called by the English rural folk who often find these objects of prehistoric make in the fields and formerly attributed them to fairies; -- called also <altname>elf bolt</altname>, <altname>elf dart</altname>, and <altname>elf shot</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Elf child</col>, <cd>a child supposed to be left by elves, in room of one they had stolen. See <er>Changeling</er>.</cd> -- <col>Elf fire</col>, <cd>the ignis fatuus.</cd> <i>Brewer</i>. -- <col>Elf owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small owl (<spn>Micrathene Whitneyi</spn>) of Southern California and Arizona.</cd></cs>

<h1>Elf</h1>
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<hw>Elf</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To entangle mischievously, as an elf might do.</def>

<blockquote><b>Elf</b> all my hair in knots.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Elfin</h1>
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<hw>Elf"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to elves.</def>

<h1>Elfin</h1>
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<hw>Elf"in</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little elf or urchin.</def>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<h1>Elfish</h1>
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<hw>Elf"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to the elves; elflike; implike; weird; scarcely human; mischievous, as though caused by elves.</def> "<i>Elfish</i> light."

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>elfish</b> intelligence that was so familiar an expression on her small physiognomy.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Elfishly</h1>
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<hw>Elf"ish*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an elfish manner.</def>

<h1>Elfishness</h1>
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<hw>Elf"ish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being elfish.</def>

<h1>Elfkin</h1>
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<hw>Elf"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little elf.</def>

<h1>Elfland</h1>
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<hw>Elf"land`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fairyland.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Elflock</h1>
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<hw>Elf"lock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hair matted, or twisted into a knot, as if by elves.</def>

<h1>Elgin marbles</h1>
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<hw>El"gin mar"bles</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Greek sculptures in the British Museum. They were obtained at Athens, about 1811, by Lord Elgin.</def>

<h1>Elicit</h1>
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<hw>E*lic"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>elicere</ets> to elicit; <ets>e + lacere</ets> to entice. Cf. <er>Delight</er>, <er>Lace</er>.]</ety> <def>Elicited; drawn out; made real; open; evident.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "An <i>elicit</i> act of equity."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Elicit</h1>
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<hw>E*lic"it</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Elicited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Eliciting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To draw out or entice forth; to bring to light; to bring out against the will; to deduce by reason or argument; <as>as, to <ex>elicit</ex> truth by discussion</as>.</def>

<h1>Elicitate</h1>
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<hw>E*lic"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To elicit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Elicitation</h1>
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<hw>E*lic`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of eliciting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Abp. Bramhall.</i>

<h1>Elide</h1>
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<hw>E*lide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Elided</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Eliding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>elidere</ets> to strike out or off; <ets>e + laedere</ets> to hurt by striking: cf. F. <ets>\'82lider</ets>. See <er>Lesion</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To break or dash in pieces; to demolish; <as>as, to <ex>elide</ex> the force of an argument</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To cut off, as a vowel or a syllable, usually the final one; to subject to elision.</def>

<h1>Eligibility</h1>
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<hw>El`i*gi*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82ligibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being eligible; eligibleness; <as>as, the <ex>eligibility</ex> of a candidate; the <ex>eligibility</ex> of an offer of marriage.</as></def>

<h1>Eligible</h1>
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<hw>El"i*gi*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82ligible</ets>, fr. L. <ets>eligere</ets>. See <er>Elect</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That may be selected; proper or qualified to be chosen; legally qualified to be elected and to hold office.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Worthy to be chosen or selected; suitable; desirable; <as>as, an <ex>eligible</ex> situation for a house</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The more <b>eligible</b> of the two evils.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eligibleness</h1>
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<hw>El"i*gi*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality worthy or qualified to be chosen; suitableness; desirableness.</def>

<h1>Eligibly</h1>
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<hw>El"i*gi*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an eligible manner.</def>

<h1>Elimate</h1>
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<hw>El"i*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elimatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>elimare</ets> to file up; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>limare</ets> to file, fr. <ets>lima</ets> file.]</ety> <def>To render smooth; to polish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Eliminant</h1>
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<hw>E*lim"i*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The result of eliminating <i>n</i> variables between <i>n</i> homogeneous equations of any degree; -- called also <altname>resultant</altname>.</def>

<h1>Eliminate</h1>
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<hw>E*lim"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Eliminated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Eliminating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>eliminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>eliminare</ets>; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>limen</ets> threshold; prob. akin to <ets>limes</ets> boundary. See <er>Limit</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To put out of doors; to expel; to discharge; to release; to set at liberty.</def>

<blockquote><b>Eliminate</b> my spirit, give it range
Through provinces of thought yet unexplored.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>To cause to disappear from an equation; <as>as, to <ex>eliminate</ex> an unknown quantity</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To set aside as unimportant in a process of inductive inquiry; to leave out of consideration.</def>

<blockquote><b>Eliminate</b> errors that have been gathering and accumulating.
<i>Lowth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To obtain by separating, as from foreign matters; to deduce; <as>as, to <ex>eliminate</ex> an idea or a conclusion</as>.</def> <mark>[Recent, and not well authorized]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To separate; to expel from the system; to excrete; <as>as, the kidneys <ex>eliminate</ex> urea, the lungs carbonic acid; to <ex>eliminate</ex> poison from the system.</as></def>

<h1>Elimination</h1>
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<hw>E*lim`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82limination</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of expelling or throwing off</def>; <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>the act of discharging or excreting waste products or foreign substances through the various emunctories.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>Act of causing a quantity to disappear from an equation; especially, in the operation of deducing from several equations containing several unknown quantities a less number of equations containing a less number of unknown quantities.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of obtaining by separation, or as the result of eliminating; deduction. [See <er>Eliminate</er>, <p><b>4.</b>]</def>

<h1>Eliminative</h1>
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<hw>E*lim"i*na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or carrying on, elimination.</def>

<h1>Elinguate</h1>
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<hw>E*lin"guate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elinguare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To deprive of the tongue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Davies (Holy Roode).</i>

<h1>Elinguation</h1>
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<hw>E`lin*gua"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elinguatio</ets>. See <er>Elinguid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Punishment by cutting out the tongue.</def>

<h1>Elinguid</h1>
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<hw>E*lin"guid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elinguis</ets>, prop., deprived of the tongue; hence, speechless; <ets>e + lingua</ets> tongue.]</ety> <def>Tongue-tied; dumb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Eliquament</h1>
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<hw>E*liq"ua*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A liquid obtained from fat, or fat fish, by pressure.</def>

<h1>Eliquation</h1>
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<hw>El`i*qua"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eliquatio</ets>, fr. <ets>eliquare</ets> to clarify, strain; <ets>e + liquare</ets> to make liquid, melt.]</ety> <fld>(Metallurgy)</fld> <def>The process of separating a fusible substance from one less fusible, by means of a degree of heat sufficient to melt the one and not the other, as an alloy of copper and lead; liquation.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Elison</h1>
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<hw>E*li"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elisio</ets>, fr. <ets>elidere</ets>, <ets>elisum</ets>, to strike out: cf. F. <ets>\'82lision</ets>. See <er>Elide</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Division; separation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The cutting off or suppression of a vowel or syllable, for the sake of meter or euphony; esp., in poetry, the dropping of a final vowel standing before an initial vowel in the following word, when the two words are drawn together.</def>

<h1>Elisor</h1>
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<hw>E*li"sor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82liseur</ets>, fr. <ets>\'82lire</ets> to choose, L. <ets>eligere</ets>. See <er>Elect</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>An elector or chooser; one of two persons appointed by a court to return a jury or serve a writ when the sheriff and the coroners are disqualified.</def>

<h1></lite</h1>
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<hw><?/`lite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>\'82lire</ets> to choose, L.  <ets>eligere</ets>. See <er>Elect</er>.]</ety> <def>A choice or select body; the flower; <as>as, the <ex>\'82lite</ex> of society</as>.</def>

<h1>Elix</h1>
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<hw>E*lix"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Elixate</er>.]</ety> <def>To extract.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Elixate</h1>
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<hw>E*lix"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elixatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>elixare</ets> to seethe, fr. <ets>elixus</ets> thoroughly boiled; <ets>e + lixare</ets> to boil, <ets>lix</ets> ashes.]</ety> <def>To boil; to seethe; hence, to extract by boiling or seething.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Elixation</h1>
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<hw>El`ix*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82lixation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A seething; digestion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Elixir</h1>
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<hw>E*lix"ir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82lixir</ets>, Sp. <ets>elixir</ets>, Ar. <ets>eliks\'c6r</ets> the philosopher's stone, prob. from Gr. <?/ dry, (hence probably) a dry powder; cf. Skr. <ets>ksh\'be</ets> to burn.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A tincture with more than one base; a compound tincture or medicine, composed of various substances, held in solution by alcohol in some form.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Alchemy)</fld> <def>An imaginary liquor capable of transmuting metals into gold; also, one for producing life indefinitely; <as>as, <ex>elixir</ex> vit\'91, or the <ex>elixir</ex> of life</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The refined spirit; the quintessence.</def>

<blockquote>The . . . <b>elixir</b> of worldly delights.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any cordial or substance which invigorates.</def>

<blockquote>The grand <b>elixir</b>, to support the spirits of human nature.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Elizabethan</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>E*liz"a*beth`an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Queen Elizabeth or her times, esp. to the architecture or literature of her reign; <as>as, the <ex>Elizabethan</ex> writers, drama, literature</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lived in England in the time of Queen Elizabeth.</def></def2>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Elk</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>Elk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>elgr</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>elg</ets>, AS. <ets>eolh</ets>, OHG. <ets>elaho</ets>, MHG. <ets>elch</ets>, cf. L. <ets>alces</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>eland</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large deer, of several species. The European elk (<spn>Alces machlis</spn> or <spn>Cervus alces</spn>) is closely allied to the American moose. The American elk, or wapiti (<spn>Cervus Canadensis</spn>), is closely related to the European stag. See <er>Moose</er>, and <er>Wapiti</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Irish elk</col> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld>, <cd>a large, extinct, Quaternary deer (<spn>Cervus giganteus</spn>) with widely spreading antlers. Its remains have been found beneath the peat of swamps in Ireland and England. See <i>Illustration<i> in Appendix; also <i>Illustration<i> of <er>Antler</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cape elk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the eland.</cd></cs>

<h1>Elk, Elke</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw><hw>Elk</hw>, <hw>Elke</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European wild or whistling swan (<spn>Cygnus ferus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Elknut</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>Elk"nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The buffalo nut. See under <er>Buffalo</er>.</def>

<h1>Elkwood</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>Elk"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The soft, spongy wood of a species of Magnolia (<spn>M. Umbrella</spn>).</def>

<h1>Ell</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>Ell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>eln</ets>; akin to D. <ets>el</ets>, <ets>elle</ets>, G. <ets>elle</ets>, OHG. <ets>elina</ets>, Icel. <ets>alin</ets>, Dan. <ets>alen</ets>, Sw. <ets>aln</ets>, Goth. <ets>alenia</ets>, L. <ets>ulna</ets> elbow, ell, Gr. <?/ elbow. Cf. <er>Elbow</er>, <er>Alnage</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure for cloth; -- now rarely used. It is of different lengths in different countries; the English ell being 45 inches, the Dutch or Flemish ell 27, the Scotch about 37.</def>

<h1>Ell</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>Ell</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>L</er>.</def>

<h1>Ellachick</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>El"la*chick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fresh-water tortoise (<spn>Chelopus marmoratus</spn>) of California; -- used as food.</def>

<h1>Ellagic</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>El*lag"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>galle</ets> gall (with the letters reversed).]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, gallnuts or gallic acid; <as>as, <ex>ellagic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Ellagic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white crystalline substance, <chform>C14H8O9</chform>, found in bezoar stones, and obtained by the oxidation of gallic acid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ellebore</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>El"le*bore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hellebore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Elleborin</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>El*leb"o*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Helleborin</er>.</def>

<h1>Elleck</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>El"leck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The red gurnard or cuckoo fish.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Ellenge, Ellinge, a., Ellengeness, Ellingeness</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw><hw>El"lenge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>El"linge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>El"lenge*ness</hw>, <hw>El"linge*ness</hw>, <tt>n</tt><hw>. <def>See <er>Elenge</er>, <er>Elengeness</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Elles</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>El"les</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. & conj.</tt> <def>See <er>Else</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ellipse</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>El*lipse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, prop., a defect, the inclination of the ellipse to the base of the cone being in defect when compared with that of the side to the base: cf. F. <ets>ellipse</ets>. See <er>Ellipsis</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>An oval or oblong figure, bounded by a regular curve, which corresponds to an oblique projection of a circle, or an oblique section of a cone through its opposite sides. The greatest diameter of the ellipse is the major axis, and the least diameter is the minor axis. See <cref>Conic section</cref>, under <er>Conic</er>, and cf. <er>Focus</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Omission. See <er>Ellipsis</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The elliptical orbit of a planet.</def>

<blockquote>The Sun flies forward to his brother Sun;
The dark Earth follows wheeled in her <b>ellipse</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ellipsis</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>El*lip"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ellipses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a leaving, defect, fr. <?/ to leave in fall short; <?/ in + <?/ to leave. See <er>In</er>, and <er>Loan</er>, and cf. <er>Ellipse</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Omission; a figure of syntax, by which one or more words, which are obviously understood, are omitted; <as>as, the virtues I admire, for, the virtues <ex>which</ex> I admire</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>An ellipse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ellipsograph</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>El*lip"so*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ellipse</ets> + <ets>graph</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ellipsographe</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for describing ellipses; -- called also <altname>trammel</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ellipsoid</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>El*lip"soid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ellipse</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ellipsoide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A solid, all plane sections of which are ellipses or circles. See <er>Conoid</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2 <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>

<note>&hand; The ellipsoid has three principal plane sections, <i>a</i>, <i>b</i>, and <i>c</i>, each at right angles to the other two, and each dividing the solid into two equal and symmetrical parts. The lines of meeting of these principal sections are the axes, or principal diameters of the ellipsoid. The point where the three planes meet is the center.</note>

<cs><col>Ellipsoid of revolution</col>, <cd>a spheroid; a solid figure generated by the revolution of an ellipse about one of its axes. It is called a <i>prolate spheroid<i>, or <i>prolatum<i>, when the ellipse is revolved about the major axis, and an <i>oblate spheroid<i>, or <i>oblatum<i>, when it is revolved about the minor axis.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ellipsoid, Ellipsoidal</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw><hw>El*lip"soid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>El`lip*soi"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or shaped like, an ellipsoid; <as>as, <ex>ellipsoid</ex> or <ex>ellipsoidal</ex> form</as>.</def>

<h1>Elliptic, Elliptical</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw><hw>El*lip"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>El*lip"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>elliptique</ets>. See <er>Ellipsis</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an ellipse; having the form of an ellipse; oblong, with rounded ends.</def>

<blockquote>The planets move in <b>elliptic</b> orbits.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a part omitted; <as>as, an <ex>elliptical</ex> phrase</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Elliptic chuck</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chuck</er>.</cd> -- <col>Elliptic compasses</col>, <cd>an instrument arranged for drawing ellipses.</cd> -- <col>Elliptic function</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Function</er>.</cd> -- <col>Elliptic integral</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Integral</er>.</cd> -- <col>Elliptic polarization</col>. <cd>See under <er>Polarization</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Elliptically</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>El*lip"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the form of an ellipse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With a part omitted; <as>as, <ex>elliptically</ex> expressed</as>.</def>

<h1>Ellipticity</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>El`lip*tic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ellipticit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deviation of an ellipse or a spheroid from the form of a circle or a sphere; especially, in reference to the figure of the earth, the difference between the equatorial and polar semidiameters, divided by the equatorial; thus, the <i>ellipticity</i> of the earth is <frac1x29966/.</def>

<note>&hand; Some writers use <i>ellipticity</i> as the ratio of the difference of the two semiaxes to the minor axis, instead of the major.</note>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<h1>Elliptic-lanceolate</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>El*lip"tic-lan"ce*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a form intermediate between elliptic and lanceolate.</def>

<h1>Elliptograph</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>El*lip"to*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ellipsograph</er>.</def>

<h1>Ellwand</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>Ell"wand</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Formerly, a measuring rod an ell long.</def>

<h1>Elm</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>Elm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>elm</ets>; akin to D. <ets>olm</ets>, OHG. <ets>elm</ets>, G. <ets>ulme</ets>, Icel. <ets>almr</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>alm</ets>, L. <ets>ulmus</ets>, and E. <ets>alder</ets>. Cf. <er>Old</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree of the genus <spn>Ulmus</spn>, of several species, much used as a shade tree, particularly in America. The English elm is <spn>Ulmus campestris</spn>; the common American or white elm is <spn>U. Americana</spn>; the slippery or red elm, <spn>U. fulva</spn>.</def>

<cs><col>Elm beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of beetles (esp. <spn>Galeruca calmariensis</spn>), which feed on the leaves of the elm.</cd> -- <col>Elm borer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of beetles of which the larv\'91 bore into the wood or under the bark of the elm (esp. <spn>Saperda tridentata</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Elm butterfly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of butterflies, which, in the caterpillar state, feed on the leaves of the elm (esp. <spn>Vanessa antiopa</spn> and <spn>Grapta comma</spn>). See <cref>Comma butterfly</cref>, under <er>Comma</er>.</cd> -- <col>Elm moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of numerous species of moths of which the larv\'91 destroy the leaves of the elm (esp. <spn>Eugonia subsignaria</spn>, called <i>elm spanworm<i>).</cd> -- <col>Elm sawfly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large sawfly (<spn>Cimbex Americana</spn>). The larva, which is white with a black dorsal stripe, feeds on the leaves of the elm.</cd></cs>

<h1>Elmen</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>Elm"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to elms.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Elmo's fire</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>El"mo's fire`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Corposant</er>; also <cref>Saint Elmo's Fire</cref>, under <er>Saint</er>.</def>

<h1>Elmy</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>Elm"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding with elms.</def>

<blockquote>The simple spire and <b>elmy</b> grange.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Elocation</h1>
<Xpage=480>

<hw>El`o*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>e-</ets> + <ets>locate</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A removal from the usual place of residence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Departure from the usual state; an ecstasy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="481">
Page 481<p>

<h1>Elocular</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*loc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>e-</ets> + <ets>locular</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having but one cell, or cavity; not divided by a septum or partition.</def>

<h1>Elocution</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>El`o*cu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elocutio</ets>, fr. <ets>eloqui</ets>, <ets>elocutus</ets>, to speak out: cf. F. <ets>\'82locution</ets>. See <er>Eloquent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Utterance by speech.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>[Fruit] whose taste . . .
Gave <b>elocution</b> to the mute, and taught
The tongue not made for speech to speak thy praise.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Oratorical or expressive delivery, including the graces of intonation, gesture, etc.; style or manner of speaking or reading in public; <as>as, clear, impressive <ex>elocution</ex></as>.</def> "The <i>elocution</i> of a reader."

<i>Whately</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Suitable and impressive writing or style; eloquent diction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To express these thoughts with <b>elocution</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Elocutionary</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>El`o*cu"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to elocution.</def>

<h1>Elocutionist</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>El`o*cu"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is versed in elocution; a teacher of elocution.</def>

<h1>Elocutive</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>El"o*cu`tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to oratorical expression.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Elodian</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lo"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a tribe of tortoises, including the terrapins, etc., in which the head and neck can be withdrawn.</def>

<h1></loge</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw><?/`loge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Elogium</er>.]</ety> <def>A panegyrical funeral oration.</def>

<h1>Elogist</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>El"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82logiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who pronounces an \'82loge.</def>

<h1>Elogium, Elogy</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw><hw>E*lo"gi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>El"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elogium</ets> a short saying, an inscription, fr. Gr. <?/ speech, fr. <?/ to speak. Cf. <er><?/loge</er>.]</ety> <def>The praise bestowed on a person or thing; panegyric; eulogy.</def>

<h1>Elohim</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lo"him</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb.]</ety> <def>One of the principal names by which God is designated in the Hebrew Scriptures.</def>

<h1>Elohist</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lo"hist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The writer, or one of the writers, of the passages of the Old Testament, notably those of <i>Elohim</i> instead of <i>Jehovah</i>, as the name of the Supreme Being; -- distinguished from <i>Jehovist</i>.</def>

<i>S. Davidson.</i>

<h1>Elohistic</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>El`o*his"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to Elohim as a name of God; -- said of passages in the Old Testament.</def>

<h1>Eloign</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*loign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Eloigned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Eloigning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82loigner</ets>, OF. <ets>esloignier</ets>; pref. <ets>es-</ets> (L. <ets>ex</ets>) + OF. & F. <ets>loin</ets> far, far off, L. <ets>longe</ets>, fr. <ets>longus</ets> long. See <er>Elongate</er>.]</ety> <def</def>><altsp>[Written also <asp>eloin</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To remove afar off; to withdraw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>From worldly cares he did himself <b>eloign</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To convey to a distance, or beyond the jurisdiction, or to conceal, as goods liable to distress.</def>

<blockquote>The sheriff may return that the goods or beasts are <b>eloigned</b>.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eloignate</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*loign"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To remove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Eloignment</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*loign"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82loignement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Removal to a distance; withdrawal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Eloin</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*loin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Eloign</er>.</def>

<h1>Eloinate</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*loin"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Eloignate</er>.</def>

<h1>Eloinment</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*loin"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Eloignment</er>.</def>

<h1>Elong</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*long"</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Eloign</er>, <er>Elongate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lengthen out; to prolong.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put away; to separate; to keep off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyatt.</i>

<h1>Elongate</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lon"gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Elongated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Elongating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>elongatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>elongare</ets> to remove, to prolong; <ets>e</ets> + L. <ets>longus</ets> long. See <er>Long</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Eloign</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lengthen; to extend; to stretch; <as>as, to <ex>elongate</ex> a line</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To remove further off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Elongate</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lon"gate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To depart to, or be at, a distance; esp., to recede apparently from the sun, as a planet in its orbit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Elongate</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lon"gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>elongatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Drawn out at length; elongated; <as>as, an <ex>elongate</ex> leaf</as>.</def> "An <i>elongate</i> form."

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Elongation</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E`lon*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>elongatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82longation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of lengthening, or the state of being lengthened; protraction; extension.</def> "<i>Elongation</i> of the fibers."

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which lengthens out; continuation.</def>

<blockquote>May not the mountains of Westmoreland and Cumberland be considered as <b>elongations</b> of these two chains?
<i>Pinkerton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Removal to a distance; withdrawal; a being at a distance; distance.</def>

<blockquote>The distant points in the celestial expanse appear to the eye in so small a degree of <b>elongation</b> from one another, as bears no proportion to what is real.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The angular distance of a planet from the sun; <as>as, the <ex>elongation</ex> of Venus or Mercury</as>.</def>

<h1>Elope</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lope"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Eloped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Eloping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D. <ets>ontloopen</ets> to run away; pref. <ets>ont-</ets> (akin to G. <ets>ent-</ets>, AS. <ets>and-</ets>, cf. E. <ets>answer</ets>) + <ets>loopen</ets> to run; akin to E. <ets>leap</ets>. See <er>Leap</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To run away, or escape privately, from the place or station to which one is bound by duty; -- said especially of a woman or a man, either married or unmarried, who runs away with a paramour or a sweetheart.</def>

<blockquote>Great numbers of them [the women] have <b>eloped</b> from their allegiance.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Elopement</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lope"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of eloping; secret departure; -- said of a woman and a man, one or both, who run away from their homes for marriage or for cohabitation.</def>

<h1>Eloper</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lop"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who elopes.</def>

<h1>Elops</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E"lops</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elops</ets>, <ets>helops</ets>, a kind of sea fish, Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fishes. See <er>Saury</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mythical serpent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Eloquence</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>El"o*quence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82loquence</ets>, L. <ets>eloquentia</ets>, fr. <ets>eloquens</ets>. See <er>Eloquent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Fluent, forcible, elegant, and persuasive speech in public; the power of expressing strong emotions in striking and appropriate language either spoken or written, thereby producing conviction or persuasion.</def>

<blockquote><b>Eloquence</b> is speaking out . . . out of the abundance of the heart.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Whatever produces the effect of moving and persuasive speech.</def>

<blockquote>Silence that spoke and <b>eloquence</b> of eyes.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The hearts of men are their books; events are their tutors; great actions are their <b>eloquence</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is eloquently uttered or written.</def>

<blockquote>O, let my books be then the <b>eloquence</b>
And dumb presagers of my speaking breast.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Oratory; rhetoric.</syn>

<h1>Eloquent</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>El"o*quent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82loquent</ets>, L. <ets>eloquens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>eloqui</ets> to speak out, declaim; <ets>e + loqui</ets> to speak. See <er>Loquacious</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the power of expressing strong emotions or forcible arguments in an elevated, impassioned, and effective manner; <as>as, an <ex>eloquent</ex> orator or preacher</as>.</def>

<blockquote>O Death, all-<b>eloquent</b>! You only prove
What dust we dote on when 't is man we love.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Adapted to express strong emotion or to state facts arguments with fluency and power; <as>as, an <ex>eloquent</ex> address or statement; an <ex>eloquent</ex> appeal to a jury.</as></def>

<h1>Eloquently</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>El"o*quent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an eloquent manner.</def>

<h1>Elrich &or; Elritch</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw><hw>El"rich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> &or; <hw>El"ritch</hw><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ghastly; preternatural. Same as <er>Eldritch</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Local, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Else</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>Else</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & pron.</tt> <ety>[OE. & AS. <ets>elles</ets> otherwise, gen. sing. of an adj. signifying <ets>other</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>elles</ets> otherwise, OSw. <ets>\'84ljes</ets>, Sw. <ets>eljest</ets>, Goth.  <ets>aljis</ets>, adj., other, L. <ets>alius</ets>, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Alias</er>, <er>Alien</er>.]</ety> <def>Other; one or something beside; <as>as, Who <ex>else</ex> is coming? What <ex>else</ex> shall I give? Do you expect anything <ex>else</ex>?</as></def>  "Bastards and <i>else</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; This word always follows its noun. It is usual to give the possessive form to <i>else</i> rather than to the substantive; as, somebody <i>else's</i>; no one <i>else's</i>. "A boy who is fond of somebody <i>else's</i> pencil case." <i>G. Eliot</i>. "A suit of clothes like everybody <i>else's</i>."

<i>Thackeray.</i>
</note>

<h1>Else</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>Else</hw>, <tt>adv. & conj.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Besides; except that mentioned; in addition; <as>as, nowhere <ex>else</ex>; no one <ex>else</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Otherwise; in the other, or the contrary, case; if the facts were different.</def>

<blockquote>For thou desirest not sacrifice; <b>else</b> would I give it.
<i>Ps. li. 16.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; After \'bfor', <i>else</i> is sometimes used expletively, as simply noting an alternative. "Will you give thanks, . . . or <i>else</i> shall I?"</note>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Elsewhere</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>Else"where`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In any other place; <as>as, these trees are not to be found <ex>elsewhere</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In some other place; in other places, indefinitely; <as>as, it is reported in town and <ex>elsewhere</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Elsewhither</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>Else"whith`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>To some, or any, other place; <as>as, you will have to go <ex>elsewhither</ex> for it</as>. <i>R</i>. <i>of Gloucester</i>.</def>"For <i>elsewhither</i> was I bound."

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Elsewise</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>Else"wise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Otherwise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Elsin</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>El"sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shoemaker's awl.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Elucidate</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lu"ci*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Elucidated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Elucidating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>elucidatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>elucidare</ets>; <ets>e + lucidus</ets> full of light, clear. See <er>Lucid</er>.]</ety> <def>To make clear or manifest; to render more intelligible; to illustrate; <as>as, an example will <ex>elucidate</ex> the subject</as>.</def>

<h1>Elucidation</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lu`ci*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82lucidation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A making clear; the act of elucidating or that which elucidates, as an explanation, an exposition, an illustration; <as>as, one example may serve for further <ex>elucidation</ex> of the subject</as>.</def>

<h1>Elucidative</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lu"ci*da`tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making clear; tending to elucidate; <as>as, an <ex>elucidative</ex> note</as>.</def>

<h1>Elucidator</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lu"ci*da`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who explains or elucidates; an expositor.</def>

<h1>Elucidatory</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lu"ci*da*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to elucidate; elucidative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Eluctate</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*luc"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eluctatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>eluctari</ets> to struggle out; <ets>e + luctari</ets> to wrestle.]</ety> <def>To struggle out; -- with <i>out</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hacket.</i>

<h1>Eluctation</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E`luc*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eluctatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A struggling out of any difficulty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Elucubrate</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lu"cu*brate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elucubratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>elucubrare</ets> to compose by lamplight.]</ety> <def>See <er>Lucubrate</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Elucubration</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lu`cu*bra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82lucubration</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Lucubration</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Elude</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Eluded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Eluding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>eludere</ets>, <ets>elusum</ets>; <ets>e + ludere</ets> to play: cf. F. <ets>\'82luder</ets>. See <er>Ludicrous</er>.]</ety> <def>To avoid slyly, by artifice, stratagem, or dexterity; to escape from in a covert manner; to mock by an unexpected escape; to baffle; <as>as, to <ex>elude</ex> an officer; to <ex>elude</ex> detection, inquiry, search, comprehension; to <ex>elude</ex> the force of an argument or a blow.</as></def>

<blockquote>Me gentle Delia beckons from the plain,
Then, hid in shades, <b>eludes</b> he eager swain.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The transition from fetichism to polytheism seems a gradual process of which the stages <b>elude</b> close definition.
<i>Tylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To evade; avoid; escape; shun; eschew; flee; mock; baffle; frustrate; foil.</syn>

<h1>Eludible</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lud"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being eluded; evadible.</def>

<h1>Elul</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E"lul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb.]</ety> <def>The sixth month of the Jewish year, by the sacred reckoning, or the twelfth, by the civil reckoning, corresponding nearly to the month of September.</def>

<h1>Elumbated</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lum"ba*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elumbis</ets>; <ets>e + lumbus</ets> loin.]</ety> <def>Weak or lame in the loins.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Elusion</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>elusio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>eludere</ets>, elusum. See <er>Elude</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of eluding; adroit escape, as by artifice; a mockery; a cheat; trickery.</def>

<h1>Elusive</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lu"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to elude; using arts or deception to escape; adroitly escaping or evading; eluding the grasp; fallacious.</def>

<blockquote><b>Elusive</b> of the bridal day, she gives
Fond hopes to all, and all with hopes deceives.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>E*lu"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>E*lu"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Elusory</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lu"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>elusorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to elude or deceive; evasive; fraudulent; fallacious; deceitful; deceptive.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>E*lu"so*ri*ness</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Elute</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>elutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>eluers</ets> to elute; <ets>e + luere</ets> to wash.]</ety> <def>To wash out.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Elutriate</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lu"tri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Elutriated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Elutriating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>elutriatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>elutriare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To wash or strain out so as to purify; <as>as, to <ex>elutriate</ex> the blood as it passes through the lungs</as>; to strain off or decant, as a powder which is separated from heavier particles by being drawn off with water; to cleanse, as by washing.</def>

<h1>Elutriation</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lu`tri*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of elutriating; a decanting or racking off by means of water, as finer particles from heavier.</def>

<h1>Eluxate</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lux"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>e-</ets> + <ets>luxate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To dislocate; to luxate.</def>

<h1>Eluxation</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E`lux*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dislocation; luxation.</def>

<h1>Elvan</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>Elv"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to elves; elvish.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to certain veins of feldspathic or porphyritic rock crossing metalliferous veins in the mining districts of Cornwall; <as>as, an <ex>elvan</ex> course</as>.</def>

<h1>Elvan, Elvanite</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw><hw>Elv"an</hw>, <hw>Elv"an*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The rock of an elvan vein, or the elvan vein itself; an elvan course.</def>

<h1>Elve</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>Elve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An old form of Elf.</def>

<h1>Elver</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>El"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young eel; a young conger or sea eel; -- called also <altname>elvene</altname>.</def>

<h1>Elves</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>Elves</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. of <plw>Elf</plw>.</plu>

<h1>Elvish</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>Elv"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to elves; implike; mischievous; weird; also, vacant; absent in demeanor. See <er>Elfish</er>.</def>

<blockquote>He seemeth <b>elvish</b> by his countenance.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mysterious; also, foolish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Elvishly</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>Elv"ish*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an elvish manner.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Elwand</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>El"wand</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Ellwand</er>.</def>

<h1>Elysian</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*ly"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Elysius</ets>, fr. <ets>Elysium</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining, or the abode of the blessed after death; hence, yielding the highest pleasures; exceedingly delightful; beatific.</def> "<i>Elysian</i> shades." <i>Massinger</i>. "<i>Elysian</i> age."

<i>Beattie.</i>

<blockquote>This life of mortal breath
Is but a suburb of the life <b>elysian</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Elysium</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*ly"sium</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Elysiums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Elysia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/ <?/, Elysian field.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Myth.)</fld>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A dwelling place assigned to happy souls after death; the seat of future happiness; Paradise.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, any delightful place.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>Elysian</b> more pure and bright than that pf the Greeks.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Elytriform</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*lyt"ri*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Elytrum</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the form, or structure, of an elytron.</def>

<h1>Elytrin</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>El"y*trin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Elytrum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Chitin</er>.</def>

<h1>Elytroid</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>El"y*troid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sheath, a wing case + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling a beetle's wing case.</def>

<mhw><h1>Elytron; 277, Elytrum</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>El"y*tron</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <hw>El"y*trum</hw> <tt>(-tr<?/m)</tt></mhw> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Elytra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to roll round.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the anterior pair of wings in the Coleoptera and some other insects, when they are thick and serve only as a protection for the posterior pair.</def> See <er>Coleoptera</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the shieldlike dorsal scales of certain annelids. See <er>Ch\'91topoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Elzevir</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>El"ze*vir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bibliog.)</fld> <def>Applied to books or editions (esp. of the Greek New Testament and the classics) printed and published by the Elzevir family at Amsterdam, Leyden, etc., from about 1592 to 1680; also, applied to a round open type introduced by them.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>Elzevir</b> editions are valued for their neatness, and the elegant small types used.
<i>Brande & C.</i></blockquote>

<h1>'Em</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>'Em</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>An obsolete or colloquial contraction of the old form <i>hem</i>, them.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Em</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>Em</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The portion of a line formerly occupied by the letter <i>m</i>, then a square type, used as a unit by which to measure the amount of printed matter on a page; the square of the body of a type.</def>

<h1>Em-</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>Em-</hw>. <def>A prefix. See <er>En-</er>.</def>

<h1>Emacerate</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*mac"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emaceratus</ets> emaciated; <ets>e + macerare</ets> to make soft.]</ety> <def>To make lean or to become lean; to emaciate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bullokar.</i>

<h1>Emaceration</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*mac`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Emaciation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Emaciate</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*ma"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Emaciated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Emaciating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>emaciatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>emaciare</ets> to make lean; <ets>e + maciare</ets> to make lean or meager, fr. <ets>macies</ets> leanness, akin to <ets>macer</ets> lean. See <er>Meager</er>.]</ety> <def>To lose flesh gradually and become very lean; to waste away in flesh.</def> "He <i>emaciated</i> and pined away."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Emaciate</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*ma"ci*ate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to waste away in flesh and become very lean; <as>as, his sickness <ex>emaciated</ex> him</as>.</def>

<h1>Emaciate</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*ma"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emaciatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Emaciated.</def> "<i>Emaciate</i> steeds."

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Emaciation</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*ma`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82maciation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of making very lean.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being emaciated or reduced to excessive leanness; an excessively lean condition.</def>

<h1>Emaculate</h1>
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<hw>E*mac"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emaculatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>emaculare</ets> to clear from spots. See <er>Maculate</er>.]</ety> <def>To clear from spots or stains, or from any imperfection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hales.</i>

<h1>Emaculation</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>E*mac`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of clearing from spots.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>\'92mail ombrant</h1>
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<hw>\'92`mail` om`brant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., shaded enamel.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>An art or process of flooding transparent colored glaze over designs stamped or molded on earthenware or porcelain.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Emanant</h1>
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<hw>Em"a*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emanans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>emanare</ets>. See <er>Emanate</er>.]</ety> <def>Issuing or flowing forth; emanating; passing forth into an act, or making itself apparent by an effect; -- said of mental acts; <as>as, an <ex>emanant</ex> volition</as>.</def>

<h1>Emanate</h1>
<Xpage=481>

<hw>Em"a*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Emanated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Emanating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>emanare</ets>, <ets>emanatum</ets>, to emanate; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>manare</ets> to flow, prob. for <ets>madnare</ets>, and akin to <ets>madere</ets> to be wet, drip, <ets>madidus</ets> wet, drenched, drunk, Gr. <?/, <?/, wet, <?/ to be wet, Skr. <ets>mad</ets> to boil, <ets>matta</ets> drunk. Cf. <er>Emane</er>.]</ety>

<hr>
<page="482">
Page 482<p>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To issue forth from a source; to flow out from more or less constantly; <as>as, fragrance <ex>emanates</ex> from flowers</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To proceed from, as a source or fountain; to take origin; to arise, to originate.</def>

<blockquote>That subsisting from of government from which all special laws <b>emanate</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To flow; arise; proceed; issue; originate.</syn>

<h1>Emanate</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em"a*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Issuing forth; emanant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Emanation</h1>
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<hw>Em`a*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emanatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82manation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of flowing or proceeding from a fountain head or origin.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>Those profitable and excellent <b>emanations</b> from God.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which issues, flows, or proceeds from any object as a source; efflux; an effluence; <as>as, perfume is an <ex>emanation</ex> from a flower</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>emanation</b> of the indwelling life.
<i>Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emanative</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em"a*na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Issuing forth; effluent.</def>

<h1>Emanatively</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em"a*na*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By an emanation.</def>

<h1>Emanatory</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em"a*na*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Emanative; of the nature of an emanation.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Emancipate</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>E*man"ci*pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Emancipated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Emancipating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>emancipatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>emancipare</ets> to emancipate; <ets>e + mancipare</ets> to transfer ownership in, fr. <ets>manceps</ets> purchaser, as being one who laid his hand on the thing bought; <ets>manus</ets> hand + <ets>capere</ets> to take. See <er>Manual</er>, and <er>Capable</er>.]</ety> <def>To set free from the power of another; to liberate; as: <sd>(a)</sd> To set free, as a minor from a parent; <as>as, a father may <ex>emancipate</ex> a child</as>. <sd>(b)</sd> To set free from bondage; to give freedom to; to manumit; <as>as, to <ex>emancipate</ex> a slave, or a country</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Brasidas . . . declaring that he was sent to <b>emancipate</b> Hellas.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To free from any controlling influence, especially from anything which exerts undue or evil influence; as, to <i>emancipate</i> one from prejudices or error</def>.

<blockquote>From how many troublesome and slavish impertinences . . . he had <b>emancipated</b> and freed himself.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>emancipate</b> the human conscience.
<i>A. W. Ward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emancipate</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>E*man"ci*pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emancipatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Set at liberty.</def>

<h1>Emancipation</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>E*man`ci*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emancipatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82mancipation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of setting free from the power of another, from slavery, subjection, dependence, or controlling influence; also, the state of being thus set free; liberation; <as>as, the <ex>emancipation</ex> of slaves; the <ex>emancipation</ex> of minors; the <ex>emancipation</ex> of a person from prejudices; the <ex>emancipation</ex> of the mind from superstition; the <ex>emancipation</ex> of a nation from tyranny or subjection.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Deliverance; liberation; release; freedom; manumission; enfranchisement.</syn>

<h1>Emancipationist</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>E*man`ci*pa"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An advocate of emancipation, esp. the emancipation of slaves.</def>

<h1>Emancipator</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>E*man"ci*pa`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who emancipates.</def>

<h1>Emancipatory</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>E*man"ci*pa*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to emancipation, or tending to effect emancipation.</def> "<i>Emancipatory</i> laws."

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Emancipist</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>E*man"ci*pist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A freed convict.</def> <mark>[Australia]</mark>

<h1>Emarginate</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>E*mar"gi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emarginare</ets>; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>marginare</ets> to furnish with a margin, fr. <ets>margo</ets> margin.]</ety> <def>To take away the margin of.</def>

<h1>Emarginate, Emarginated</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw><hw>E*mar"gi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E*mar"gi*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the margin interrupted by a notch or shallow sinus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Notched at the summit.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Cryst.)</fld> <def>Having the edges truncated.</def>

<h1>Emarginately</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>E*mar"gi*nate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an emarginate manner.</def>

<h1>Emargination</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>E*mar`gi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of notching or indenting the margin, or the state of being so notched; also, a notch or shallow sinus in a margin.</def>

<h1>Emasculate</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>E*mas"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Emasculated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Emasculating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>emasculare</ets>; <ets>e</ets> + <ets>masculus</ets> male, masculine. See <er>Male</er> masculine.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To deprive of virile or procreative power; to castrate power; to castrate; to geld.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive of masculine vigor or spirit; to weaken; to render effeminate; to vitiate by unmanly softness.</def>

<blockquote>Luxury had not <b>emasculated</b> their minds.
<i>V. Knox.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emasculate</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>E*mas"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deprived of virility or vigor; unmanned; weak.</def> "<i>Emasculate</i> slave."

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Emasculation</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>E*mas`cu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of depriving of virility, or the state of being so deprived; castration.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of depriving, or state of being deprived, of vigor or strength; unmanly weakness.</def>

<h1>Emasculator</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>E*mas"cu*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, emasculates.</def>

<h1>Emasculatory</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>E*mas"cu*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving or tending to emasculate.</def>

<h1>Embace</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em*bace"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Embase</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Embale</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em*bale"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>emballer</ets>; pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>balle</ets> bale. See 1st <er>Bale</er>.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make up into a bale or pack.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bind up; to inclose.</def>

<blockquote>Legs . . . <b>embaled</b> in golden buskins.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emball</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em*ball"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Embale</er>.]</ety> <def>To encircle or embrace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Embalm</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em*balm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Embalmed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Embalming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>embaumer</ets>; pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>baume</ets> balm. See <er>Balm</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To anoint all over with balm; especially, to preserve from decay by means of balm or other aromatic oils, or spices; to fill or impregnate (a dead body), with aromatics and drugs that it may resist putrefaction.</def>

<blockquote>Joseph commanded his servants, the physicians, to <b>embalm</b> <?/is father; and the physicians <b>embalmed</b> Israel.
<i>Gem. l. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fill or imbue with sweet odor; to perfume.</def>

<blockquote>With fresh dews <b>embalmed</b> the earth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To preserve from decay or oblivion as if with balm; to perpetuate in remembrance.</def>

<blockquote>Those tears eternal that <b>embalm</b> the dead.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embalmer</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em*balm"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who embalms.</def>

<h1>Embalmment</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em*balm"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>embaumement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of embalming.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Malone.</i>

<h1>Embank</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em*bank"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Embanked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Embanking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> + <ets>bank</ets>. Cf. <er>Imbank</er>.]</ety> <def>To throw up a bank so as to confine or to defend; to protect by a bank of earth or stone.</def>

<h1>Embankment</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em*bank"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of surrounding or defending with a bank.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A structure of earth, gravel, etc., raised to prevent water from overflowing a level tract of country, to retain water in a reservoir, or to carry a roadway, etc.</def>

<h1>Embar</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em*bar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Embarred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Embanking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> + <ets>bar</ets>: cf. F. <ets>embarrer</ets>. Cf. <er>Embargo</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To bar or shut in; to inclose securely, as with bars.</def>

<blockquote>Where fast <b>embarred</b> in mighty brazen wall.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stop; to hinder by prohibition; to block up.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>embarred</b> all further trade.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embarcation</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em`bar*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Embarkation</er>.</def>

<h1>Embarge</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em*barge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put in a barge.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Embargo</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em*bar"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Embargoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp., fr. <ets>embargar</ets> to arrest, restrain; pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + Sp. <ets>barra</ets> bar, akin to F. <ets>barre</ets> bar. See <er>Bar</er>.]</ety> <def>An edict or order of the government prohibiting the departure of ships of commerce from some or all of the ports within its dominions; a prohibition to sail.</def>

<note>&hand; If the <i>embargo</i> is laid on an enemy's ships, it is called a <i>hostile embargo</i>; if on the ships belonging to citizens of the embargoing state, it is called a <i>civil embargo</i>.</note>

<h1>Embargo</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em*bar"go</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Embargoed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Embargoing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To lay an embargo on and thus detain; to prohibit from leaving port; -- said of ships, also of commerce and goods.</def>

<h1>Embark</h1>
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<hw>Em*bark"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Embarked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Embarking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>embarquer</ets>; pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>barque</ets> bark: cf. Sp. <ets>embarcar</ets>, It. <ets>imbarcare</ets>. See <er>Bark</er>. a vessel.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to go on board a vessel or boat; to put on shipboard.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To engage, enlist, or invest (as persons, money, etc.) in any affair; <as>as, he <ex>embarked</ex> his fortune in trade</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It was the reputation of the sect upon which St. Paul <b>embarked</b> his salvation.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embark</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em*bark"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go on board a vessel or a boat for a voyage; <as>as, the troops <ex>embarked</ex> for Lisbon</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To engage in any affair.</def>

<blockquote>Slow to <b>embark</b> in such an undertaking.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embarkation</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em`bar*ka"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of putting or going on board of a vessel; <as>as, the <ex>embarkation</ex> of troops</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is embarked; <as>as, an <ex>embarkation</ex> of Jesuits</as>.</def>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Embarkment</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em*bark"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>embarquement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Embarkation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Middleton.</i>

<h1>Embarrass</h1>
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<hw>Em*bar"rass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Embarrassed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Embarrassing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>embarrasser</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>embarazar</ets>, Pg. <ets>embara<?/ar</ets>, Pr. <ets>barras</ets> bar); pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + LL. <ets>barra</ets> bar. See <er>Bar</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To hinder from freedom of thought, speech, or action by something which impedes or confuses mental action; to perplex; to discompose; to disconcert; <as>as, laughter may <ex>embarrass</ex> an orator</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hinder from liberty of movement; to impede; to obstruct; <as>as, business is <ex>embarrassed</ex>; public affairs are <ex>embarrassed</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To involve in difficulties concerning money matters; to incumber with debt; to beset with urgent claims or demands; -- said of a person or his affairs; <as>as, a man or his business is <ex>embarrassed</ex> when he can not meet his pecuniary engagements</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To hinder; perplex; entangle; confuse; puzzle; disconcert; abash; distress. -- To <er>Embarrass</er>, <er>Puzzle</er>, <er>Perplex</er>. We are <i>puzzled</i> when our faculties are confused by something we do not understand. We are <i>perplexed</i> when our feelings, as well as judgment, are so affected that we know not how to decide or act. We are <i>embarrassed</i> when there is some <i>bar</i> or hindrance upon us which impedes our powers of thought, speech, or motion. A schoolboy is <i>puzzled</i> by a difficult sum; a reasoner is <i>perplexed</i> by the subtleties of his opponent; a youth is sometimes so <i>embarrassed</i> before strangers as to lose his presence of mind.</syn>

<h1>Embarrass</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em*bar"rass</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>embarras</ets>. See <er>Embarrass</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Embarrassment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Embarrassment</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em*bar"rass*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>embarrassement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A state of being embarrassed; perplexity; impediment to freedom of action; entanglement; hindrance; confusion or discomposure of mind, as from not knowing what to do or to say; disconcertedness.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>embarrassment</b> which inexperienced minds have often to express themselves upon paper.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>embarrassments</b> tom commerce growing out of the late regulations.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Difficulty or perplexity arising from the want of money to pay debts.</def>

<h1>Embase</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em*base"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> + <ets>base</ets>, a. or v. t.: cf. OF. <ets>embaissier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To bring down or lower, as in position, value, etc.; to debase; to degrade; to deteriorate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Embased</b> the valleys, and embossed the hills.
<i>Sylvester.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Alloy in coin of gold . . . may make the metal work the better, but it <b>embaseth</b> it.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Such pitiful embellishments of speech as serve for nothing but to <b>embase</b> divinity.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embasement</h1>
<Xpage=482>

<hw>Em*base"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Embase</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Act of bringing down; depravation; deterioration.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Embassade</h1>
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<hw>Em"bas*sade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ambassade</ets>. See <er>Embassy</er>.]</ety> <def>An embassy. See <er>Ambassade</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Embassador</h1>
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<hw>Em*bas"sa*dor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ambassadeur</ets>, Sp. <ets>embajador</ets>, LL. <ets>ambassiator</ets>, <ets>ambasciator</ets>. See <er>Embassy</er>, and cf. <er>Ambassador</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Ambassador</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Stilbon, that was a wise <b>embassadour</b>,
Was sent to Corinth.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Myself my king's <b>embassador</b> will go.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embassadorial</h1>
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<hw>Em*bas`sa*do"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ambassadorial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Ambassadorial</er>.</def>

<h1>Embassadress</h1>
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<hw>Em*bas"sa*dress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ambassadrice</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Ambassadress</er>.</def>

<h1>Embassadry</h1>
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<hw>Em*bas"sa*dry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>ambassaderie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Embassy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Leland.</i>

<h1>Embassage</h1>
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<hw>Em"bas*sage</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An embassy.</def> "He sent a solemn <i>embassage</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Except your <b>embassages</b> have better success.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Message; errand.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Embassy</h1>
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<hw>Em"bas*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Embassies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OF. <ets>ambass\'82e</ets>, <ets>embasc\'82e</ets>, LL. <ets>ambasciata</ets>, fr. <ets>ambasciare</ets> for <ets>ambactiare</ets> to go on a mission, fr. L. <ets>ambactus</ets> vassal, dependent, of Celtic or German origin; cf. W. <ets>amaeth</ets> husbandman, Goth. <ets>andbahts</ets> servant, G. <ets>amt</ets> office, OHG. <ets>ambaht</ets>. Cf. <er>Ambassador</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The public function of an ambassador; the charge or business intrusted to an ambassador or to envoys; a public message to; foreign court concerning state affairs; hence, any solemn message.</def>

<blockquote>He sends the angels on <b>embassies</b> with his decrees.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The person or persons sent as ambassadors or envoys; the ambassador and his suite; envoys.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The residence or office of an ambassador.</def>

<note>&hand; Sometimes, but rarely, spelled <i>ambassy</i>.</note>

<h1>Embastardize</h1>
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<hw>Em*bas"tard*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> + <ets>bastardize</ets>.]</ety> <def>To bastardize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Embathe</h1>
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<hw>Em*bathe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> + <ets>bathe</ets>. Cf. <er>Imbathe</er>.]</ety> <def>To bathe; to imbathe.</def>

<h1>Embattail</h1>
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<hw>Em*bat"tail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Embattle</er>.]</ety> <def>To furnish with battlements; to fortify as with battlements.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>embattail</b> and to wall about thy cause
With iron-worded proof.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embattle</h1>
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<hw>Em*bat"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Embattled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Embattling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>embataillier</ets>; pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + F. <ets>bataille</ets> battle. See <er>Battle</er>, and cf. <er>Battlement</er>.]</ety> <def>To arrange in order of battle; to array for battle; also, to prepare or arm for battle; to equip as for battle.</def>

<blockquote>One in bright arms <b>embattled</b> full strong.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Here once the <b>embattled</b> farmers stood
And fired the shot heard round the world.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embattle</h1>
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<hw>Em*bat"tle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be arrayed for battle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Embattle</h1>
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<hw>Em*bat"tle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Battlement</er>.]</ety> <def>To furnish with battlements.</def> "<i>Embattled</i> house."

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<h1>Embattled</h1>
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<hw>Em*bat"tled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having indentations like a battlement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having the edge broken like battlements; -- said of a bearing such as a fess, bend, or the like.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having been the place of battle; <as>as, an <ex>embattled</ex> plain or field</as>.</def>

<i>J. Baillie.</i>

<h1>Embattlement</h1>
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<hw>Em*bat"tle*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An intended parapet; a battlement.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fortifying of a building or a wall by means of battlements.</def>

<h1>Embay</h1>
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<hw>Em*bay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> + <ets>bay</ets> to bathe.]</ety> <def>To bathe; to soothe or lull as by bathing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Embay</h1>
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<hw>Em*bay"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Embayed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Embaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> + 1st <ets>bay</ets>.]</ety> <def>To shut in, or shelter, as in a bay.</def>

<blockquote>If that the Turkish fleet
Be not ensheltered and <b>embayed</b>, they are drowned.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embayment</h1>
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<hw>Em*bay"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bay.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>embayment</b> which is terminated by the land of North Berwick.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embeam</h1>
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<hw>Em*beam"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make brilliant with beams.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>G. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Embed</h1>
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<hw>Em*bed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Embedded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Embedding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> + <ets>bed</ets>. Cf.  <er>Imbed</er>.]</ety> <def>To lay as in a bed; to lay in surrounding matter; to bed; <as>as, to <ex>embed</ex> a thing in clay, mortar, or sand</as>.</def>

<h1>Embedment</h1>
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<hw>Em*bed"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of embedding, or the state of being embedded.</def>

<h1>Embellish</h1>
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<hw>Em*bel"lish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Embellished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Embellishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>embelisen</ets>, <ets>embelisshen</ets>, F. <ets>embellir</ets>; pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>bel</ets>, <ets>beau</ets>, beautiful. See <er>Beauty</er>.]</ety> <def>To make beautiful or elegant by ornaments; to decorate; to adorn; <as>as, to <ex>embellish</ex> a book with pictures, a garden with shrubs and flowers, a narrative with striking anecdotes, or style with metaphors</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To adorn; beautify; deck; bedeck; decorate; garnish; enrich; ornament; illustrate. See <er>Adorn</er>.</syn>

<h1>Embellisher</h1>
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<hw>Em*bel"lish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who embellishes.</def>

<h1>Embellishment</h1>
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<hw>Em*bel"lish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>embellissement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of adorning, or the state of being adorned; adornment.</def>

<blockquote>In the selection of their ground, as well as in the <b>embellishment</b> of it.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which adds beauty or elegance; ornament; decoration; <as>as, pictorial <ex>embellishments</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The graces and <b>embellishments</b> of the exterior man.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ember</h1>
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<hw>Em"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>emmeres</ets>, <ets>emeres</ets>, AS. <ets><?/myrie</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>eimyrja</ets>, Dan. <ets>emmer</ets>, MHG. <ets>eimere</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>eimr</ets> vapor, smoke.]</ety> <def>A lighted coal, smoldering amid ashes; -- used chiefly in the plural, to signify mingled coals and ashes; the smoldering remains of a fire.</def> "He rakes hot <i>embers</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>He takes a lighted <b>ember</b> out of the covered vessel.
<i>Colebrooke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ember</h1>
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<hw>Em"ber</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ymber</ets>, AS. <ets>ymbren</ets>, <ets>ymbryne</ets>, prop., running around, circuit; <ets>ymbe</ets> around + <ets>ryne</ets> a running, fr. <ets>rinnan</ets> to run. See <er>Amb-</er>, and <er>Run</er>.]</ety> <def>Making a circuit of the year of the seasons; recurring in each quarter of the year; <as>as, <ex>ember</ex> fasts</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="483">
Page 483<p>

<cs><col>Ember days</col> <fld>(R. C. & Eng. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>days set apart for fasting and prayer in each of the four seasons of the year. The Council of Placentia [<sc>A. D.</sc> 1095] appointed for <i>ember days<i> the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday after the first Sunday in Lent, Whitsuntide, the 14th of September, and the  13th of December. The weeks in which these days fall are called <i>ember weeks<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ember-goose</h1>
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<hw>Em"ber-goose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Norw. <ets>ember<?/aas</ets>, <ets>hav-imber</ets>, <ets>hav-immer</ets>, Icel. <ets>himbrin</ets>, <ets>himbrimi</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The loon or great northern diver. See <er>Loon</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>emmer-goose</asp> and <asp>imber-goose</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Emberings</h1>
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<hw>Em"ber*ings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Ember days.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Embetter</h1>
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<hw>Em*bet"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make better.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Embezzle</h1>
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<hw>Em*bez"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Embezzled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Embezzling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Norm. F. <ets>embeseiller</ets> to destroy; cf. OF. <ets>besillier</ets> to ill treat, ravage, destroy. Cf. <er>Bezzle</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To appropriate fraudulently to one's own use, as property intrusted to one's care; to apply to one's private uses by a breach of trust; <as>as, to <ex>embezzle</ex> money held in trust</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To misappropriate; to waste; to dissipate in extravagance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>embezzle</b> our money in drinking or gaming.
<i>Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embezzlement</h1>
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<hw>Em*bez"zle*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The fraudulent appropriation of property by a person to whom it has been intrusted; <as>as, the <ex>embezzlement</ex> by a clerk of his employer's; <ex>embezzlement</ex> of public funds by the public officer having them in charge.</as></def>

<note>&hand; <i>Larceny</i> denotes a taking, by fraud or stealth, from another's possession; <i>embezzlement</i> denotes an appropriation, by fraud or stealth, of property already in the wrongdoer's possession. In England and in most of the United States <i>embezzlement</i> is made indictable by statute.</note>

<h1>Embezzler</h1>
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<hw>Em*bez"zler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who embezzles.</def>

<h1>Embillow</h1>
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<hw>Em*bil"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To swell or heave like a <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ of the sea.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Lisle.</i>

<h1>Embiotocoid</h1>
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<hw>Em`bi*ot"o*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Embiotoca</ets>, the name of one genus + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, the <spn>Embiotocid\'91</spn>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a family of fishes (<spn>Embiotocid\'91</spn>) abundant on the coast of California, remarkable for being viviparous; -- also called <i>surf fishes</i> and <i>viviparous fishes</i>. See <i>Illust</i>. in Append.</def></def2>

<h1>Embitter</h1>
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<hw>Em*bit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make bitter or sad. See <er>Imbitter</er>.</def>

<h1>Embitterment</h1>
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<hw>Em*bit"ter*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of embittering; also, that which embitters.</def>

<h1>Emblanch</h1>
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<hw>Em*blanch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> + 1st <ets>blanch</ets>.]</ety> <def>To whiten. See <er>Blanch</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Heylin.</i>

<h1>Emblaze</h1>
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<hw>Em*blaze"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Emblazed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Emblazing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> + 1st <ets>blaze</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To adorn with glittering embellishments.</def>

<blockquote>No weeping orphan saw his father's stores
Our shrines irradiate, or <b>emblaze</b> the floors.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To paint or adorn with armorial figures; to blazon, or emblazon.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The imperial ensign, . . . streaming to the wind,
With gems and golden luster rich <b>emblazed</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emblazon</h1>
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<hw>Em*bla"zon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Emblazoned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Emblazoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> + <ets>blazon</ets>. Cf. <er>Emblaze</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To depict or represent; -- said of heraldic bearings. See <er>Blazon</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deck in glaring colors; to set off conspicuously; to display pompously; to decorate.</def>

<blockquote>The walls were . . . <b>emblazoned</b> with legends in commemoration of the illustrious pair.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emblazoner</h1>
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<hw>Em*bla"zon*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who emblazons; also, one who publishes and displays anything with pomp.</def>

<h1>Emblazoning</h1>
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<hw>Em*bla"zon*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or art of heraldic decoration; delineation of armorial bearings.</def>

<h1>Emblazonment</h1>
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<hw>Em*bla"zon*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An emblazoning.</def>

<h1>Emblazonry</h1>
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<hw>Em*bla"zon*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Emblazonries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The act or art of an emblazoner; heraldic or ornamental decoration, as pictures or figures on shields, standards, etc.; emblazonment.</def>

<blockquote>Thine ancient standard's rich <b>emblazonry</b>.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emblem</h1>
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<hw>Em"blem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>embl\'8ame</ets>, L. <ets>emblema</ets>, <ets>-atis</ets>, that which is put in or on, inlaid work, fr. Gr. <?/ a thing put in or on, fr. <?/ to throw, lay, put in; <?/  in + <?/ to throw. See <er>In</er>, and <er>Parable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Inlay; inlaid or mosaic work; something ornamental inserted in a surface.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A visible sign of an idea; an object, or the figure of an object, symbolizing and suggesting another object, or an idea, by natural aptness or by association; a figurative representation; a typical designation; a symbol; <as>as, a balance is an <ex>emblem</ex> of justice; a scepter, the <ex>emblem</ex> of sovereignty or power; a circle, the <ex>emblem</ex> of eternity.</as></def> "His cicatrice, an <i>emblem</i> of war, here on his sinister cheek."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A picture accompanied with a motto, a set of verse, or the like, intended as a moral lesson or meditation.</def>

<note>&hand; Writers and artists of the 17th century gave much attention and study to the composition of such <i>emblems</i>, and many collections of them were published.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Sign; symbol; type; device; signal; token.</syn>  -- <usage><er>Sign</er>, <er>Emblem</er>, <er>Symbol</er>, <er>Type</er>. <i>Sign</i> is the generic word comprehending all significant representations. An <i>emblem</i> is a visible object representing another by a natural suggestion of characteristic qualities, or an habitual and recognized association; <as>as, a circle, having no apparent beginning or end, is an <ex>emblem</ex> of eternity; a particular flag is the <ex>emblem</ex> of the country or ship which has adopted it for a sign and with which it is habitually associated</as>. Between <i>emblem</i> and <i>symbol</i> the distinction is slight, and often one may be substituted for the other without impropriety. See <er>Symbol</er>. Thus, a circle is either an <i>emblem</i> or a <i>symbol</i> of eternity; a scepter, either an <i>emblem</i> or a <i>symbol</i> of authority; a lamb, either an <i>emblem</i> or a <i>symbol</i> of meekness. "An <i>emblem</i> is always of something simple; a <i>symbol</i> may be of something complex, as of a transaction . . . In consequence we do not speak of actions <i>emblematic</i>." <i>C. J. Smith.</i>  A <i>type</i> is a representative example, or model, exhibiting the qualities common to all individuals of the class to which it belongs; <as>as, the Monitor is a <ex>type</ex> of a class of war vessels</as>.</usage>

<h1>Emblem</h1>
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<hw>Em"blem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Emblemed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Embleming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To represent by an emblem; to symbolize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Emblemed</b> by the cozening fig tree.
<i>Feltham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emblematic, Emblematical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Em`blem*at"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Em`blem*at"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>embl\'82matique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, containing, or consisting in, an emblem; symbolic; typically representative; representing as an emblem; <as>as, <ex>emblematic</ex> language or ornaments; a crown is <ex>emblematic</ex> of royalty; white is <ex>emblematic</ex> of purity.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Em`blem*at"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Emblematiccize</h1>
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<hw>Em`blem*at"ic*cize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render emblematic; <as>as, to <ex>emblematicize</ex> a picture</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Emblematist</h1>
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<hw>Em*blem"a*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer or inventor of emblems.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Emblematize</h1>
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<hw>Em*blem"a*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Emblematized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Emblematizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To represent by, or as by, an emblem; to symbolize.</def>

<blockquote>Anciently the sun was commonly <b>emblematized</b> by a starry or radiate figure.
<i>Bp. Hurd.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emblement</h1>
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<hw>Em"ble*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>embleer</ets> to sow with corn, F. <ets>emblaver</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>imbladare</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> + LL. <ets>bladum</ets> grain, F. <ets>bl\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The growing crop, or profits of a crop which has been sown or planted; -- used especially in the plural. The produce of grass, trees, and the like, is not emblement.</def>

<i>Wharton's Law Dict.</i>

<h1>Emblemize</h1>
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<hw>Em"blem*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Emblemized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Emblemizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To represent by an emblem; to emblematize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Embloom</h1>
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<hw>Em*bloom"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To emblossom.</def>

<i>Savage.</i>

<h1>Emblossom</h1>
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<hw>Em*blos"som</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover or adorn with blossoms.</def>

<blockquote>On the white <b>emblossomed</b> spray.
<i>J. Cunningham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embodier</h1>
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<hw>Em*bod"i*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who embodies.</def>

<h1>Embodiment</h1>
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<hw>Em*bod"i*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of embodying; the state of being embodied.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which embodies or is embodied; representation in a physical body; a completely organized system, like the body; <as>as, the <ex>embodiment</ex> of courage, or of courtesy; the <ex>embodiment</ex> of true piety.</as></def>

<h1>Embody</h1>
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<hw>Em*bod"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Embodied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Embodying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To form into a body; to invest with a body; to collect into a body, a united mass, or a whole; to incorporate; <as>as, to <ex>embody</ex> one's ideas in a treatise</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>imbody</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Devils <b>embodied</b> and disembodied.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The soul, while it is <b>embodied</b>, can no more be divided from sin.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embody</h1>
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<hw>Em*bod"y</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To unite in a body, a mass, or a collection; to coalesce.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>imbody</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Firmly to <b>embody</b> against this court party.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embogue</h1>
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<hw>Em*bogue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Disembogue</er>.]</ety> <def>To disembogue; to discharge, as a river, its waters into the sea or another river.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Emboguing</h1>
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<hw>Em*bo"guing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The mouth of a river, or place where its waters are discharged.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Emboil</h1>
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<hw>Em*boil"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To boil with anger; to effervesce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Emboil</h1>
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<hw>Em*boil"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to boil with anger; to irritate; to chafe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Embo\'8ctement</h1>
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<hw>Em`bo\'8cte"ment`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>embo\'8cter</ets> to fit in, insert; <ets>en</ets> in + <ets>bo\'8cte</ets> box.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The hypothesis that all living things proceed from pre\'89xisting germs, and that these encase the germs of all future living things, inclosed one within another.</def>

<i>Buffon.</i>

<h1>Embolden</h1>
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<hw>Em*bold"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Emboldened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Emboldening</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To give boldness or courage to; to encourage.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The self-conceit which <b>emboldened</b> him to undertake this dangerous office.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emboldener</h1>
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<hw>Em*bold"en*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who emboldens.</def>

<h1>Embolic</h1>
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<hw>Em*bol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/  to throw in. See <er>Embolism</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Embolismic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to an embolism; produced by an embolism; <as>as, an <ex>embolic</ex> abscess</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pushing or growing in; -- said of a kind of invagination. See under <er>Invagination</er>.</def>

<h1>Embolism</h1>
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<hw>Em"bo*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>embolismus</ets>, from Gr. <?/ to throw or put in, insert; cf. <?/  intercalated: cf. F. <ets>embolisme</ets>. See <er>Emblem</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Intercalation; the insertion of days, months, or years, in an account of time, to produce regularity; <as>as, the <ex>embolism</ex> of a lunar month in the Greek year</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Intercalated time.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The occlusion of a blood vessel by an embolus. Embolism in the brain often produces sudden unconsciousness and paralysis.</def>

<h1>Embolismal</h1>
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<hw>Em`bo*lis"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to embolism; intercalary; <as>as, <ex>embolismal</ex> months</as>.</def>

<h1>Embolismatic, Embolismatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Em`bo*lis*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Em`bo*lis*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Embolismic.</def>

<h1>Embolismic, Embolismical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Em`bo*lis"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Em`bo*lis"mic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>embolismique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to embolism or intercalation; intercalated; <as>as, an <ex>embolismic</ex> year, <ex>i</ex></as>. <i>e</i>., the year in which there is intercalation.</def>

<h1>Embolite</h1>
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<hw>Em"bo*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ something thrown in between.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral consisting of both the chloride and the bromide of silver.</def>

<h1>Embolus</h1>
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<hw>Em"bo*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Emboli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ pointed so as to be put or thrust in, fr. <?/ to throw, thrust, or put in. See <er>Emblem</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Something inserted, as a wedge; the piston or sucker of a pump or syringe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A plug of some substance lodged in a blood vessel, being brought thither by the blood current. It consists most frequently of a clot of fibrin, a detached shred of a morbid growth, a globule of fat, or a microscopic organism.</def>

<h1>Emboly</h1>
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<hw>Em"bo*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a putting into.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Embolic invagination. See under <er>Invagination</er>.</def>

<h1>Embonpoint</h1>
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<hw>Em`bon`point"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>en bon point</ets> in good condition. See <er>Bon</er>, and <er>Point</er>.]</ety> <def>Plumpness of person; -- said especially of persons somewhat corpulent.</def>

<h1>Emborder</h1>
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<hw>Em*bor"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>border</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>emborder</ets>.]</ety> <def>To furnish or adorn with a border; to imborder.</def>

<h1>Embosom</h1>
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<hw>Em*bos"om</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>imbosom</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To take into, or place in, the bosom; to cherish; to foster.</def>

<blockquote>Glad to <b>embosom</b> his affection.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inclose or surround; to shelter closely; to place in the midst of something.</def>

<blockquote>His house <b>embosomed</b> in the grove.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some tender flower . . . .
<b>Embosomed</b> in the greenest glade.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emboss</h1>
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<hw>Em*boss"</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Embossed</er> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Embossing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>boss</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>embosser</ets> to swell in bunches.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To arise the surface of into bosses or protuberances; particularly, to ornament with raised work.</def>

<blockquote>Botches and blains must all his flesh <b>emboss</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To raise in relief from a surface, as an ornament, a head on a coin, or the like.</def>

<blockquote>Then o'er the lofty gate his art <b>embossed</b>
Androgeo's death.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Exhibiting flowers in their natural color <b>embossed</b> upon a purple ground.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emboss</h1>
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<hw>Em*boss"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Etymology uncertain.]</ety> <def>To make to foam at the mouth, like a hunted animal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Emboss</h1>
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<hw>Em*boss"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Pr. & Sp. <ets>emboscar</ets>, It. <ets>imboscare</ets>, F. <ets>embusquer</ets>, and E. <ets>imbosk</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To hide or conceal in a thicket; to imbosk; to inclose, shelter, or shroud in a wood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In the Arabian woods <b>embossed</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To surround; to ensheath; to immerse; to beset.</def>

<blockquote>A knight her met in mighty arms <b>embossed</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emboss</h1>
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<hw>Em*boss"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To seek the bushy forest; to hide in the woods.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>S. Butler.</i>

<h1>Embossed</h1>
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<hw>Em*bossed"</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Formed or covered with bosses or raised figures.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a part projecting like the boss of a shield.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Swollen; protuberant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "An <i>embossed</i> carbuncle."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Embosser</h1>
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<hw>Em*boss"er</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who embosses.</def>

<h1>Embossment</h1>
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<hw>Em*boss"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of forming bosses or raised figures, or the state of being so formed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bosslike prominence; figure in relief; raised work; jut; protuberance; esp., a combination of raised surfaces having a decorative effect.</def> "The <i>embossment</i> of the figure."

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Embottle</h1>
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<hw>Em*bot"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bottle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Phillips.</i>

<h1>Embouchure</h1>
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<hw>Em`bou`chure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>emboucher</ets> to put to the mouth; pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>bouche</ets> the mouth. Cf. <er>Embouge</er>, <er>Debouch</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The mouth of a river; also, the mouth of a cannon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The mouthpiece of a wind instrument.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The shaping of the lips to the mouthpiece; <as>as, a flute player has a good <ex>embouchure</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Embow</h1>
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<hw>Em*bow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bend like a bow; to curve.</def> "<i>Embowed</i> arches." <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<blockquote>With gilded horns <b>embowed</b> like the moon.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embowel</h1>
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<hw>Em*bow"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Emboweled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Embowelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Emboweling</er> or <er>Embowelling</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To disembowel.</def>

<blockquote>The barbarous practice of <b>emboweling</b>.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The boar . . . makes his trough
In your <b>emboweled</b> bosoms.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Disembowel</i> is the preferable word in this sense.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To imbed; to hide in the inward parts; to bury.</def>

<blockquote>Or deep <b>emboweled</b> in the earth entire.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emboweler</h1>
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<hw>Em*bow"el*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who takes out the bowels.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>emboweller</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Embowelment</h1>
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<hw>Em*bow"el*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disembowelment.</def>

<h1>Embower</h1>
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<hw>Em*bow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with a bower; to shelter with trees.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>imbower</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Poetic]</mark> <i>Milton</i>. -- <def2><tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lodge or rest in a bower.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark> "In their wide boughs <i>embow'ring.</i> "</def2>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Embowl</h1>
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<hw>Em*bowl"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form like a bowl; to give a globular shape to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Embox</h1>
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<hw>Em*box"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inclose, as in a box; to imbox.</def>

<h1>Emboyssement</h1>
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<hw>Em*boysse"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Embushment</er>.]</ety> <def>An ambush.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Embrace</h1>
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<hw>Em*brace"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> (intens.) + <ets>brace</ets>, v. t.]</ety> <def>To fasten on, as armor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Embrace</h1>
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<hw>Em*brace"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Embraced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Embracing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>embracier</ets>, F. <ets>embrasser</ets>; pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + F. <ets>bras</ets> arm. See <er>Brace</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To clasp in the arms with affection; to take in the arms; to hug.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>embrace</b> him with a soldier's arm,
That he shall shrink under my courtesy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Paul called unto him the disciples, and <b>embraced</b> them.
<i>Acts xx. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cling to; to cherish; to love.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To seize eagerly, or with alacrity; to accept with cordiality; to welcome.</def> "I <i>embrace</i> these conditions."  "You <i>embrace</i> the occasion."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>What is there that he may not <b>embrace</b> for truth?
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To encircle; to encompass; to inclose.</def>

<blockquote>Low at his feet a spacious plain is placed,
Between the mountain and the stream <b>embraced</b>.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To include as parts of a whole; to comprehend; to take in; <as>as, natural philosophy <ex>embraces</ex> many sciences</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Not that my song, in such a scanty space,
So large a subject fully can <b>embrace</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="484">
Page 484<p>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To accept; to undergo; to submit to.</def> "I <i>embrace</i> this fortune patiently."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To attempt to influence corruptly, as a jury or court.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To clasp; hug; inclose; encompass; include; <?/<?/omprise; comprehend; contain; involve; impl<?/<?/<?/</syn>

<h1>Embrace</h1>
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<hw>Em*brace"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To join in an embrace.</def>

<h1>Embrace</h1>
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<hw>Em*brace"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Intimate or close encircling with the arms; pressure to the bosom; clasp; hug.</def>

<blockquote>We stood tranced in long <b>embraces</b>,
Mixed with kisses.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embracement</h1>
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<hw>Em*brace"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>embrassement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A clasp in the arms; embrace.</def>

<blockquote>Dear though chaste <b>embracements</b>.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>State of being contained; inclosure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In the <b>embracement</b> of the parts hardly reparable, as bones.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Willing acceptance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A ready <b>embracement</b> of . . . his kindness.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embraceor</h1>
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<hw>Em*brace"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One guilty of embracery.</def>

<h1>Embracer</h1>
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<hw>Em*bra"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who embraces.</def>

<h1>Embracery</h1>
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<hw>Em*bra"cer*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An attempt to influence a court, jury, etc., corruptly, by promises, entreaties, money, entertainments, threats, or other improper inducements.</def>

<h1>Embracive</h1>
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<hw>Em*bra"cive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disposed to embrace; fond of caressing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Embraid</h1>
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<hw>Em*braid"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + 1st <ets>braid</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To braid up, as hair.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To upbraid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Embranchment</h1>
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<hw>Em*branch"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>embranchement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The branching forth, as of trees.</def>

<h1>Embrangle</h1>
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<hw>Em*bran"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>brangle</ets>.]</ety> <def>To confuse; to entangle.</def>

<blockquote>I am lost and <b>embrangled</b> in inextricable difficulties.
<i>Berkeley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embrasure</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em*bra"sure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Embrace</er>.]</ety> <def>An embrace. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Our locked <i>embrasures</i>.</def>""

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Embrasure</h1>
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<hw>Em*bra"sure</hw> <tt>(277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>embraser</ets>, perh. equiv.  to <ets>\'82braser</ets> to widen an opening; of unknown origin.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A splay of a door or window.</def>

<blockquote>Apart, in the twilight gloom of a window's <b>embrasure</b>,
Sat the lovers.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>An aperture with slant sides in a wall or parapet, through which cannon are pointed and discharged; a crenelle. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Casemate</er>.</def>

<h1>Embrave</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em*brave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To inspire with bravery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beaumont.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To decorate; to make showy and fine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And with sad cypress seemly it <b>embraves</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embrawn</h1>
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<hw>Em*brawn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To harden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It will <b>embrawn</b> and iron-crust his flesh.
<i>Nash.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embread</h1>
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<hw>Em*bread"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>bread</ets> = 1st <ets>braid</ets>.]</ety> <def>To braid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Embreathement</h1>
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<hw>Em*breathe"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of breathing in; inspiration.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The special and immediate suggestion, <b>embreathement</b>, and dictation of the Holy Ghost.
<i>W. Lee.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embrew</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em*brew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To imbrue; to stain with blood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Embright</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em*bright"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To brighten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Embrocate</h1>
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<hw>Em"bro*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Embrocated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Embrocating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[NL. <ets>embrocatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>embrocare</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ lotion, fomentation, fr. <?/ to foment; <?/ in + <?/ to wet.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To moisten and rub (a diseased part) with a liquid substance, as with spirit, oil, etc., by means of a cloth or sponge.</def>

<h1>Embrocation</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em`bro*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>embrocatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>embrocation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of moistening and rubbing a diseased part with spirit, oil, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The liquid or lotion with which an affected part is rubbed.</def>

<h1>Embroglio</h1>
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<hw>Em*brogl"io</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Imbroglio</er>.</def>

<h1>Embroider</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em*broid"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Embroidered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Embroidering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>embrouden</ets>. See <er>Broider</er>.]</ety> <def>To ornament with needlework; <as>as, to <ex>embroider</ex> a scarf</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt <b>embroider</b> the coat of fine linen.
<i>Ex. xxviii. 39.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embroiderer</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em*broid"er*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who embroiders.</def>

<h1>Embroidery</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em*broid"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Embroideries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Needlework used to enrich textile fabrics, leather, etc.; also, the art of embroidering.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Diversified ornaments, especially by contrasted figures and colors; variegated decoration.</def>

<blockquote>Fields in spring's <b>embroidery</b> are dressed.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A mere rhetorical <b>embroidery</b> of phrases.
<i>J. A. Symonds.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embroil</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em*broil"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Embroiled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Embroiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>embrouiller</ets>; pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>brouiller</ets>. See 1st <er>Broil</er>, and cf. <er>Imbroglio</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw into confusion or commotion by contention or discord; to entangle in a broil or quarrel; to make confused; to distract; to involve in difficulties by dissension or strife.</def>

<blockquote>The royal house <b>embroiled</b> in civil war.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To implicate in confusion; to complicate; to jumble.</def>

<blockquote>The Christian antiquities at Rome . . . are so <b>embroiled</b> with <?/able and legend.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To perplex; entangle; distract; disturb; disorder; trouble; implicate; commingle.</syn>

<h1>Embroil</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em*broil"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Embroilment</er>.</def>

<h1>Embroiler</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em*broil"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who embroils.</def>

<h1>Embroilment</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em*broil"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>embrouillement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of embroiling, or the condition of being embroiled; entanglement in a broil.</def>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Embronze</h1>
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<hw>Em*bronze"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To embody in bronze; to set up a bronze representation of, as of a person.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To color in imitation of bronze. See <er>Bronze</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Embrothel</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em*broth"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inclose in a brothel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Embroude, Embrowde, Embroyde</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw><hw>Em*broud"e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Em*browd"e</hw>, <hw>Em*broyd"e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To embroider; to adorn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Embrowded</b> was he, as it were a mead
All full of fresshe flowers, white and red.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embrown</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em*brown"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>brown</ets>.]</ety> <def>To give a brown color to; to imbrown.</def>

<blockquote>Summer suns <b>embrown</b> the laboring swain.
<i>Fenton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embrue</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em*brue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Imbrue</er>, <er>Embrew</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Embrute</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em*brute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>brute</ets>. Cf. <er>Imbrute</er>.]</ety> <def>To brutify; to imbrute.</def>

<blockquote>All the man <b>embruted</b> in the swine.
<i>Cawthorn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Embryo</h1>
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<hw>Em"bry*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Embryos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>embryon</ets>, Gr. <?/, perh. fr. <?/ in (akin to L. <?/ E. <ets>in</ets>) + <?/ to be full of, swell with; perh. akin to E. <ets>brew</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The first rudiments of an organism, whether animal or plant</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The young of an animal in the womb, or more specifically, before its parts are developed and it becomes a fetus (see <er>Fetus</er>)</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The germ of the plant, which is inclosed in the seed and which is developed by germination.</def>

<cs><col>In embryo</col>, <cd>in an incipient or undeveloped state; in conception, but not yet executed. "The company little suspected what a noble work I had then <i>in embryo<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Embryo</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em"bry*o</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an embryo; rudimentary; undeveloped; <as>as, an <ex>embryo</ex> bud</as>.</def>

<h1>Embryogenic</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em`bry*o*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the development of an embryo.</def>

<h1>Embryogeny</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em`bry*og"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/  an embryo + root of <?/ to produce: cf. F. <ets>embryog\'82nie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The production and development of an embryo.</def>

<h1>Embryogony</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em`bry*og"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an embryo + <?/ generation.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The formation of an embryo.</def>

<h1>Embryography</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em`bry*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an embryo + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The general description of embryos.</def>

<h1>Embryologic, Embryological</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw><hw>Em`bry*o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Em`bry*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to embryology.</def>

<h1>Embryologist</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em`bry*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in embryology.</def>

<h1>Embryology</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em`bry*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an embryo + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>embryologie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The science which relates to the formation and development of the embryo in animals and plants; a study of the gradual development of the ovum until it reaches the adult stage.</def>

<h1>Embryon</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em"bry*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Embryo</er>.</def>

<h1>Embryonal</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em"bry*o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to an embryo, or the initial state of any organ; embryonic.</def>

<h1>Embryonary</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em"bry*o*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Embryonic.</def>

<h1>Embryonate, Embryonated</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw><hw>Em"bry*o*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Em"bry*o*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>In the state of, or having, an embryonal.</def>

<h1>Embryonic</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em`bry*on"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an embryo; embryonal; rudimentary.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Embryonic</col> <col>sac &or; vesicle</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the vesicle within which the embryo is developed in the ovule; -- sometimes called also <altname>amnios sac</altname>, and <altname>embryonal sac</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Embryoniferous</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em`bry*o*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Embryo</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having an embryo.</def>

<h1>Embryoniform</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em`bry*on"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Embryo</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Like an embryo in form.</def>

<h1>Embryoplastic</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em`bry*o*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Embryo</ets> + <ets>plastic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or aiding in, the formation of an embryo; <as>as, <ex>embryoplastic</ex> cells</as>.</def>

<h1>Embryo sac</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em"bry*o sac`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Embryonic</er>.</def>

<h1>Embryotic</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em`bry*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Embryonic.</def>

<h1>Embryotomy</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em`bry*ot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an embryo + <?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>embryotomie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The cutting a fetus into pieces within the womb, so as to effect its removal.</def>

<h1>Embryotroph</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em"bry*o*troph`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an embryo + <?/ nourishment.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The material from which an embryo is formed and nourished.</def>

<h1>Embryous</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em"bry*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Embryonic; undeveloped.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Embulk</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em*bulk"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To enlarge in the way of bulk.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Latham.</i>

<h1>Emburse</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em*burse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Imburse</er>.]</ety> <def>To furnish with money; to imburse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Embush</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em*bush"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Ambush</er>, <er>Imbosk</er>.]</ety> <def>To place or hide in a thicket; to ambush.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Embushment</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em*bush"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>embusshement</ets>, OF. <ets>embuschement</ets>, F. <ets>emb\'96chement</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ambush.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Embusy</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em*bus"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To employ.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Eme</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Eme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Eame</er>.]</ety> <def>An uncle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Emeer</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>E*meer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Emir</er>.</def>

<h1>Emenagogue</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>E*men"a*gogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Emmenagogue</er>.</def>

<h1>Emend</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>E*mend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Emended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Emending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>emendare</ets>; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>menda</ets>, <ets>mendum</ets>, fault, blemish: cf. F. <ets>\'82mender</ets>. Cf. <er>Amend</er>, <er>Mend</er>.]</ety> <def>To purge of faults; to make better; to correct; esp., to make corrections in (a literary work); to alter for the better by textual criticism, generally verbal.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To amend; correct; improve; better; reform; rectify. See <er>Amend</er>.</syn>

<h1>Emendable</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>E*mend"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emendabilis</ets>. Cf. <er>Amendable</er>.]</ety> <def>Corrigible; amendable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Emendately</h1>
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<hw>Em"en*date*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without fault; correctly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Emendation</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em`en*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emendatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82mendation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of altering for the better, or correcting what is erroneous or faulty; correction; improvement.</def> "He lies in his sin without repentance or <i>emendation</i>."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Alteration by editorial criticism, as of a text so as to give a better reading; removal of errors or corruptions from a document; <as>as, the book might be improved by judicious <ex>emendations</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Emendator</h1>
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<hw>Em"en*da`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who emends or critically edits.</def>

<h1>Emendatory</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>E*mend"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emendatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to emendation; corrective. "<i>Emendatory</i> criticism.</def>""

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Emender</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>E*mend"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who emends.</def>

<h1>Emendicate</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>E*men"di*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emendicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>emendicare</ets> to obtain by begging. See <er>Mendicate</er>.]</ety> <def>To beg.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Emerald</h1>
<Xpage=484>

<hw>Em"er*ald</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>emeraude</ets>, OF. <ets>esmeraude</ets>, <ets>esmeralde</ets>, F. <ets>\'82meraude</ets>, L. <ets>smaragdus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; cf. <?/kr. <ets>marakata</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A precious stone of a rich green color, a variety of beryl. See <er>Beryl</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A kind of type, in size between minion and nonpare<?/l. It is used by English printers.</def>

<note> \'b5 This line is printed in the type called <i>emerald</i>.</note>

<h1>Emerald</h1>
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<hw>Em"er*ald</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a rich green color, like that of the emerald.</def> "<i>Emerald</i> meadows."

<i>Byron.</i>

<cs><col>Emerald fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fish of the Gulf of Mexico (<spn>Gobionellus oceanicus</spn>), remarkable for the brilliant green and blue color of the base of the tongue; -- whence the name; -- called also <altname>esmeralda</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Emerald green</col>, <cd>a very durable pigment, of a vivid light green color, made from the arseniate of copper; green bice; Scheele's green; -- also used adjectively; <as>as, <ex>emerald green<ex> crystals</as>.</cd> -- <col>Emerald Isle</col>, <cd>a name given to Ireland on account of the brightness of its verdure.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Emerald spodumene</col>, &or; <col>Lithia emerald</col></mcol>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Hiddenite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Emerald nickel</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Zaratite</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Emeraldine</h1>
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<hw>Em"er*ald*ine</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A green compound used as a dyestuff, produced from aniline blue when acted upon by acid.</def>

<h1>Emeraud</h1>
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<hw>Em"er*aud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Emerald</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>An emerald.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Emerge</h1>
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<hw>E*merge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Emerged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Emerging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>emergere</ets>, <ets>emersum</ets>; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>mergere</ets> to dip, plunge. See <er>Merge</er>.]</ety> <def>To rise out of a fluid; to come forth from that in which anything has been plunged, enveloped, or concealed; to issue and appear; <as>as, to <ex>emerge</ex> from the water or the ocean; the sun <ex>emerges</ex> from behind the moon in an eclipse; to <ex>emerge</ex> from poverty or obscurity.</as></def> "Thetis . . . <i>emerging</i> from the deep."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Those who have <b>emerged</b> from very low, some from the lowest, classes of society.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emergence</h1>
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<hw>E*mer"gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Emergences</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The act of rising out of a fluid, or coming forth from envelopment or concealment, or of rising into view; sudden uprisal or appearance.</def>

<blockquote>The white color of all refracted light, at its very first <b>emergence</b> . . . is compounded of various colors.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When from the deep thy bright <b>emergence</b> sprung.
<i>H. Brooke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emergency</h1>
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<hw>E*mer"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Emergencies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Emergence</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Sudden or unexpected appearance; an unforeseen occurrence; a sudden occasion.</def>

<blockquote>Most our rarities have been found out by casual <b>emergency</b>.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An unforeseen occurrence or combination of circumstances which calls for immediate action or remedy; pressing necessity; exigency.</def>

<blockquote>To whom she might her doubts propose,
On all <b>emergencies</b> that rose.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A safe counselor in most difficult <b>emergencies</b>.
<i>Brougham.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Crisis; conjuncture; exigency; pinch; strait; necessity.</syn>

<h1>Emergent</h1>
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<hw>E*mer"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emergens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>emergere</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Rising or emerging out of a fluid or anything that covers or conceals; issuing; coming to light.</def>

<blockquote>The mountains huge appear <b>emergent</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suddenly appearing; arising unexpectedly; <?/alling fro prompt action; urgent.</def>

<blockquote>Protection granted in <b>emergent</b> danger.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Emergent year</col> <fld>(Chron.)</fld>, <cd>the epoch or date from which any people begin to compute their time or dates; as, the <i>emergent year<i> of Christendom is that of the birth of Christ; the <i>emergent year<i> of the United States is that of the declaration of their independence.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>E*mer"gent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>E*mer"gent*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Emeril</h1>
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<hw>Em"er*il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Emery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A glazier's diamond.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Emerited</h1>
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<hw>Em"er*it*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Emeritus</er>.]</ety> <def>Considered as having done sufficient public service, and therefore honorably discharged.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Emeritus</h1>
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<hw>E*mer"i*tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L., having served out his time, p. p. of <ets>emerere</ets>, <ets>emereri</ets>, to obtain by service, serve out one's term; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>merere</ets>, <ets>mereri</ets>, to merit, earn, serve.]</ety> <def>Honorably discharged from the performance of public duty on account of age, infirmity, or long and faithful services; -- said of an officer of a college or pastor of a church.</def>

<h1>Emeritus</h1>
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<hw>E*mer"i*tus</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Emeriti</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A veteran who has honorably completed his service.</def>

<h1>Emerods, Emeroids</h1>
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<hw><hw>Em"er*ods</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Em"er*oids</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>emmeroides</ets>. See <er>Hemorrhoids</er>.]</ety> <def>Hemorrhoids; piles; tumors; boils.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Deut. xxviii. 27.</i>

<h1>Emersed</h1>
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<hw>E*mersed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emersus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Emerge</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Standing out of, or rising above, water.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Emersion</h1>
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<hw>E*mer"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82mersion</ets>. See <er>Emerge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of emerging, or of rising out of anything; <as>as, <ex>emersion</ex> from the sea; <ex>emersion</ex> from obscurity or difficulties.</as></def>

<blockquote>Their immersion into water and their <b>emersion</b> out of the same.
<i>Knatchbull.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The reappearance of a heavenly body after an eclipse or occultation; <as>as, the <ex>emersion</ex> of the moon from the shadow of the earth; the <ex>emersion</ex> of a star from behind the moon.</as></def>

<h1>Emery</h1>
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<hw>Em"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82meri</ets>, earlier <ets>\'82meril</ets>, It. <ets>smeriglio</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, <?/, cf. <?/ to wipe; perh. akin to E. <ets>smear</ets>. Cf. <er>Emeril</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Corundum in the form of grains or powder, used in the arts for grinding and polishing hard substances. Native emery is mixed with more or less magnetic iron. See the Note under <er>Corundum</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Emery board</col>, <cd>cardboard pulp mixed with emery and molded into convenient.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Emery cloth</col> &or; <col>paper</col></mcol>, <cd>cloth or paper on which the powder of emery is spread and glued for scouring and polishing.</cd> -- <col>Emery wheel</col>, <cd>a wheel containing emery, or having a surface of emery. In machine shops, it is sometimes called a <altname>buff wheel</altname>, and by the manufacturers of cutlery, a <altname>glazer</altname>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="485">
Page 485<p>

<h1>Emesis</h1>
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<hw>Em"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Emetic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A vomiting.</def>

<h1>Emetic</h1>
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<hw>E*met"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emeticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to vomit, akin to L. <ets>vomere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82m\'82tique</ets>. See <er>Vomit</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inducing to vomit; exciting the stomach to discharge its contents by the mouth.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine which causes vomiting.</def></def2>

<h1>Emetical</h1>
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<hw>E*met"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inducing to vomit; producing vomiting; emetic. -- <wordforms><wf>E*met"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Emetine</h1>
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<hw>Em"e*tine</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Emetic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline bitter alkaloid extracted from ipecacuanha root, and regarded as its peculiar emetic principle.</def>

<h1>Emeto-cathartic</h1>
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<hw>Em`e*to-ca*thar"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ vomiting + E. <ets>cathartic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Producing vomiting and purging at the same time.</def>

<h1>Emeu, &or; Emew</h1>
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<hw><hw>E"meu</hw>, &or; <hw>E"mew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Emu</er>.</def>

<h1></meute</h1>
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<hw><?/`meute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A seditious tumult; an outbreak.</def>

<h1>Emforth</h1>
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<hw>Em*forth"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>em-</ets>, <ets>emn-</ets>, in comp. equiv. to <ets>efen</ets> equal + <ets>for<?/</ets> forth.]</ety> <def>According to; conformably to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Emforth my might</col>, <cd>so far as lies in my power. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Emgalla</h1>
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<hw>Em*gal"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <def>The South African wart hog. See <er>Wart hog</er>.</def>

<h1>Emicant</h1>
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<hw>Em"i*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emicans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>emicare</ets>. See <er>Emication</er>.]</ety> <def>Beaming forth; flashing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Which <b>emicant</b> did this and that way dart.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emication</h1>
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<hw>Em`i*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emicatio</ets>, fr. <ets>emicare</ets> to spring out or forth; <ets>e</ets>. out + <ets>micare</ets> to move quickly to and fro, to sparkle.]</ety> <def>A flying off in small particles, as heated iron or fermenting liquors; a sparkling; scintillation.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Emiction</h1>
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<hw>E*mic"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>mingere</ets>, <ets>mictum</ets>, to make water.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The voiding of urine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>What is voided by the urinary passages; urine.</def>

<h1>Emictory</h1>
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<hw>E*mic"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Diuretic.</def>

<h1>Emigrant</h1>
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<hw>Em"i*grant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emigrans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>emigrare</ets> to emigrate: cf. F. <ets>\'82migrant</ets>. See <er>Emigrate</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Removing from one country to another; emigrating; <as>as, an <ex>emigrant</ex> company or nation</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to an emigrant; used for emigrants; <as>as, an <ex>emigrant</ex> ship or hospital</as>.</def>

<h1>Emigrant</h1>
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<hw>Em"i*grant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who emigrates, or quits one country or region to settle in another.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Emigrant</er>, <er>Immigrant</er>. <i>Emigrant</i> and <i>emigration</i> have reference to the country <i>from</i> which the migration is made; the correlative words <i>immigrant</i> and <i>immigration</i> have reference to the country <i>into</i> which the migration is made, the former marking the <i>going out from</i> a country, the latter the <i>coming into</i> it.</syn>

<h1>Emigrate</h1>
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<hw>Em"i*grate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Emigrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Emigrating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>emigratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>emigrare</ets> to remove, emigrate; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>migrare</ets> to migrate. See <er>Migrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To remove from one country or State to another, for the purpose of residence; to migrate from home.</def>

<blockquote>Forced to <b>emigrate</b> in a body to America.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They [the Huns] were <b>emigrating</b> from Tartary into Europe in the time of the Goths.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emigrate</h1>
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<hw>Em"i*grate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Migratory; roving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Emigration</h1>
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<hw>Em`i*gra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emigratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82migration</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of emigrating; removal from one country or state to another, for the purpose of residence, as from Europe to America, or, in America, from the Atlantic States to the Western.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A body emigrants; emigrants collectively; <as>as, the German <ex>emigration</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Emigrational</h1>
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<hw>Em`i*gra"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to emigration.</def>

<h1>Emigrationist</h1>
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<hw>Em`i*gra"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An advocate or promoter of emigration.</def>

<h1>Emigrator</h1>
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<hw>Em"i*gra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who emigrates; am emigrant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1></migr\'82</h1>
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<hw><?/`mi`gr\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., emigrant.]</ety> <def>One of the natives of France who were opposed to the first Revolution, and who left their country in consequence.</def>

<h1>Eminence</h1>
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<hw>Em"i*nence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eminentia</ets>, fr. <ets>eminens</ets> eminent: cf. F. <ets>\'82minence</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is eminent or lofty; a high ground or place; a height.</def>

<blockquote>Without either <b>eminences</b> or cavities.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The temple of honor ought to be seated on an <b>eminence</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An elevated condition among men; a place or station above men in general, either in rank, office, or celebrity; social or moral loftiness; high rank; distinction; preferment.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>You 've too a woman's heart, which ever yet
Affected <b>eminence</b>, wealth, sovereignty.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A title of honor, especially applied to a cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church.</def>

<h1>Eminency</h1>
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<hw>Em"i*nen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl <plw>Eminences</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>State of being eminent; eminence.</def> "<i>Eminency</i> of estate."

<i>Tillotson.</i>

<h1>Eminent</h1>
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<hw>Em"i*nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eminens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>eminere</ets> to stand out, be prominent; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>minere</ets> (in comp.) to project; of uncertain origin: cf. F. <ets>\'82minent</ets>. Cf. <er>Menace</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>High; lofty; towering; prominent.</def> "A very <i>eminent</i> promontory."

<i>Evelyn</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Being, metaphorically, above others, whether by birth, high station, merit, or virtue; high in public estimation; distinguished; conspicuous; <as>as, an <ex>eminent</ex> station; an <ex>eminent</ex> historian, statements, statesman, or saint.</as></def>
<-- by distinctive accomplishment -->

<cs><col>Right of eminent domain</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Domain</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Lofty; elevated; exalted; conspicuous; prominent; remarkable; distinguished; illustrious; famous; celebrated; renowned; well-known. See <er>Distinguished</er>.</syn>

<h1>Eminently</h1>
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<hw>Em"i*nent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an eminent manner; in a high degree; conspicuously; <as>as, to be <ex>eminently</ex> learned</as>.</def>

<h1>Emir, Emeer</h1>
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<hw><hw>E"mir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E*meer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>em\'c6r</ets>, <ets>am\'c6r</ets>, commander: cf. F. <ets>\'82mir</ets>. Cf. <er>Admiral</er>, <er>Ameer</er>.]</ety> <def>An Arabian military commander, independent chieftain, or ruler of a province; also, an honorary title given to the descendants of Mohammed, in the line of his daughter Fatima; among the Turks, likewise, a title of dignity, given to certain high officials.</def>

<h1>Emirship, Emeership</h1>
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<hw><hw>E`mir*ship</hw>, <hw>E*meer"ship</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The rank or office of an Emir.</def>

<h1>Emissary</h1>
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<hw>Em"is*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Emissaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>emissarius</ets>, fr. <ets>emittere</ets>, <ets>emissum</ets>, to send out: cf. F. <ets>\'82missaire</ets>. See <er>Emit</er>.]</ety> <def>An agent employed to advance, in a covert manner, the interests of his employers; one sent out by any power that is at war with another, to create dissatisfaction among the people of the latter.</def>

<blockquote>Buzzing <b>emissaries</b> fill the ears
Of listening crowds with jealousies and fears.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Emissary</er>, <er>Spy</er>.</syn>  <usage>A <i>spy</i> is one who enters an enemy's camp or territories to learn the condition of the enemy; an <i>emissary</i> may be a secret agent appointed not only to detect the schemes of an opposing party, but to influence their councils. A <i>spy</i> must be concealed, or he suffers death; an <i>emissary</i> may in some cases be known as the agent of an adversary without incurring similar hazard.</usage>

<h1>Emissary</h1>
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<hw>Em"is*sa*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exploring; spying.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Applied to the veins which pass out of the cranium through apertures in its walls.</def>

<h1>Emissaryship</h1>
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<hw>Em"is*sa*ry*ship`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of an emissary.</def>

<h1>Emission</h1>
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<hw>E*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emissio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82mission</ets>. See <er>Emit</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of sending or throwing out; the act of sending forth or putting into circulation; issue; <as>as, the <ex>emission</ex> of light from the sun; the <ex>emission</ex> of heat from a fire; the <ex>emission</ex> of bank notes.</as></def>
<-- now, we <it>issue</it> bank notes. -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is sent out, issued, or put in circulation at one time; issue; <as>as, the <ex>emission</ex> was mostly blood</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Emission theory</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the theory of Newton, regarding light as consisting of <i>emitted<i> particles or corpuscles. See <cref>Corpuscular theory</cref>, under <er>Corpuscular</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Emissitious</h1>
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<hw>Em`is*si"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emissitius</ets>, fr. <ets>emittere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Looking, or narrowly examining; prying.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Those <i>emissitious</i> eyes."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Emissive</h1>
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<hw>E*mis"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sending out; emitting; <as>as, <ex>emissive</ex> powers</as>.</def>

<h1>Emissivity</h1>
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<hw>Em`is*siv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Tendency to emission; comparative facility of emission, or rate at which emission takes place, as of heat from the surface of a heated body.</def>

<h1>Emissory</h1>
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<hw>E*mis"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Emissary</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Emit</h1>
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<hw>E*mit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Emitted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Emitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>emittere</ets> to send out; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>mittere</ets> to send. See <er>Mission</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To send forth; to throw or give out; to cause to issue; to give vent to; to eject; to discharge; <as>as, fire <ex>emits</ex> heat and smoke; boiling water <ex>emits</ex> steam; the sun <ex>emits</ex> light.</as></def>

<blockquote>Lest, wrathful, the far-shooting god <b>emit</b>
His fatal arrows.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To issue forth, as an order or decree; to print and send into circulation, as notes or bills of credit.</def>

<blockquote>No State shall . . . <b>emit</b> bills of credit.
<i>Const. of the U. S.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emittent</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>E*mit"tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emittens</ets>, p. pr. <ets>emittere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sending forth; emissive.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Emmantle</h1>
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<hw>Em*man"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>mantle</ets>: cf. F. <ets>emmanteler</ets>. Cf. <er>Inmantle</er>.]</ety> <def>To cover over with, or as with, a mantle; to put about as a protection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Emmanuel</h1>
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<hw>Em*man"u*el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Immanuel</er>.</def>

<i>Matt. i. 23.</i>

<h1>Emmarble</h1>
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<hw>Em*mar"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To turn to marble; to harden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou dost <b>emmarble</b> the proud heart.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emmenagogue</h1>
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<hw>Em*men"a*gogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <ets>n.</ets> pl., menses (<?/ in +  <?/ month) + <?/ leading, fr. <?/ to lead: cf. F. <ets>emm\'82nagogue</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine that promotes the menstrual discharge.</def>

<h1>Emmet</h1>
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<hw>Em"met</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>emete</ets>, <ets>amete</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91mete</ets>. See <er>Ant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An ant.</def>

<cs><col>Emmet hunter</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the wryneck.</cd></cs>

<h1>Emmetropia</h1>
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<hw>Em`me*tro"pi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ in measure, proportioned, suitable (<?/ in + <?/ measure) + <?/, <?/, eye.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>That refractive condition of the eye in which the rays of light are all brought accurately and without undue effort to a focus upon the retina; -- opposed to <i>hypermetropia</i>, <i>myopia</i>, an <i>astigmatism</i>.</def>

<h1>Emmetropic</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>Em`me*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, emmetropia.</def>

<blockquote>The normal or <b>emmetropic</b> eye adjusts itself perfectly for all distances.
<i>J. Le Conte.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emmetropy</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>Em*met"ro*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Emmetropia</er>.</def>

<h1>Emmew</h1>
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<hw>Em*mew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>mew</ets>. Cf. <er>Immew</er>.]</ety> <def>To mew or coop up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Emmove</h1>
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<hw>Em*move"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>emove</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82mouvoir</ets>, L. <ets>emovere</ets>. See <er>Emotion</er>.]</ety> <def>To move; to rouse; to excite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Emodin</h1>
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<hw>Em"o*din</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An orange-red crystalline substance, <chform>C15H10O5</chform>, obtained from the buckthorn, rhubarb, etc., and regarded as a derivative of anthraquinone; -- so called from a species of rhubarb (<spn>Rheum emodei</spn>).</def>

<h1>Emollescence</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>Em`ol*les"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>mollescere</ets>, incho. fr. <ets>mollere</ets> to be soft, <ets>mollis</ets> soft.]</ety> <def>That degree of softness in a body beginning to melt which alters its shape; the first or lowest degree of fusibility.</def>

<h1>Emolliate</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>E*mol"li*ate</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Emolliated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Emolliating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Emollient</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To soften; to render effeminate.</def>

<blockquote><b>Emolliated</b> by four centuries of Roman domination, the Belgic colonies had forgotten their pristine valor.
<i>Pinkerton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emollient</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>E*mol"lient</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emolliens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>emollire</ets> to soften; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>mollire</ets> to soften, <ets>mollis</ets> soft: cf. F. <ets>\'82mollient</ets>. See <er>Mollify</er>.]</ety> <def>Softening; making supple; acting as an emollient.</def> "<i>Emollient</i> applications."

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Emollient</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>E*mol"lient</hw> <tt>(?; 105)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An external something or soothing application to allay irritation, soreness, etc.</def>

<h1>Emollition</h1>
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<hw>Em`ol*li"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of softening or relaxing; relaxation.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Emolument</h1>
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<hw>E*mol"u*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emolumentum</ets>, lit., a working out, fr. <ets>emoliri</ets> to move out, work out; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>moliri</ets> to set in motion, exert one's self, fr. <ets>moles</ets> a huge, heavy mass: cf. F. <ets>\'82molument</ets>. See <er>Mole</er> a mound.]</ety> <def>The profit arising from office, employment, or labor; gain; compensation; advantage; perquisites, fees, or salary.</def>

<blockquote>A long . . . enjoyment of the <b>emoluments</b> of office.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emolumental</h1>
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<hw>E*mol`u*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an emolument; profitable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Emong, Emongst</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw><hw>E*mong"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E*mongst"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw><def>, (<?/), <i>prep</i>. Among.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Emotion</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>E*mo"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emovere</ets>, <ets>emotum</ets>, to remove, shake, stir up; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>movere</ets> to move: cf. F. <ets>\'82motion</ets>. See <er>Move</er>, and cf. <er>Emmove</er>.]</ety> <def>A moving of the mind or soul; excitement of the feelings, whether pleasing or painful; disturbance or agitation of mind caused by a specific exciting cause and manifested by some sensible effect on the body.</def>

<blockquote>How different the <b>emotions</b> between departure and return!
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some vague <b>emotion</b> of delight.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Feeling; agitation; tremor; trepidation; perturbation; passion; excitement. -- <er>Emotion</er>, <er>Feeling</er>, <er>Agitation</er>. <i>Feeling</i> is the weaker term, and may be of the body or the mind. <i>Emotion</i> is of the mind alone, being the excited action of some inward susceptibility or feeling; <as>as, an <ex>emotion</ex> of pity, terror, etc.</as>  <i>Agitation</i> may the bodily or mental, and usually arises in the latter case from a vehement struggle between contending desires or emotions. See <er>Passion</er>. "<i>Agitations</i> have but one character, viz., that of violence; <i>emotions</i> vary with the objects that awaken them. There are <i>emotions</i> either of tenderness or anger, either gentle or strong, either painful or pleasing."</syn>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Emotioned</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>E*mo"tioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with emotion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>emotioned</i> soul."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Emotional</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>E*mo"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, emotion; excitable; easily moved; sensational; <as>as, an <ex>emotional</ex> nature</as>.</def>

<h1>Emotionalism</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>E*mo"tion*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The cultivation of an emotional state of mind; tendency to regard things in an emotional manner.</def>

<h1>Emotionalize</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>E*mo"tion*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give an emotional character to.</def>

<blockquote>Brought up in a pious family where religion was not talked about <b>emotionalized</b>, but was accepted as the rule of thought and conduct.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emotive</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>E*mo"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Attended by, or having the character of, emotion.</def> <i>H. Brooke</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>E*mo"tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Emotiveness</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>E*mo"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Susceptibility to emotion.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Emotivity</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>E`mo*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Emotiveness.</def>

<i>Hickok.</i>

<h1>Emove</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>E*move"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To move.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Empair</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>Em*pair"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To impair.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Empaistic</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>Em*pais"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), fr. <?/  to stamp in; <?/ in + <?/ to strike.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Having to do with inlaid work; -- especially used with reference to work of the ancient Greeks.</def>

<h1>Empale</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>Em*pale"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>pale</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>empalir</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make pale.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>No bloodless malady <b>empales</b> their face.
<i>G. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Empale</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>Em*pale"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Empaled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Empaling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>empaler</ets> to palisade, pierce, F. <ets>empaler</ets> to punish by empalement; pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + OF. & F. <ets>pal</ets> a pale, stake. See <er>Pale</er> a stake, and cf. <er>Impale</er>.]</ety> <def</def>><altsp>[Written also <asp>impale</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To fence or fortify with stakes; to surround with a line of stakes for defense; to impale.</def>

<blockquote>All that dwell near enemies <b>empale</b> villages, to save themselves from surprise.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inclose; to surround. See <er>Impale</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To put to death by thrusting a sharpened stake through the body.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Impale</er>.</def>

<h1>Empalement</h1>
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<hw>Em*pale"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>empalement</ets>, fr. <ets>empaler</ets>. See <er>Empale</er>.]</ety> <def</def>><altsp>[Written also <asp>impalement</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A fencing, inclosing, or fortifying with stakes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A putting to death by thrusting a sharpened stake through the body.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Impalement</er>.</def>

<h1>Empanel</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>Em*pan"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>panel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A list of jurors; a panel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Empanel</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>Em*pan"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Impanel</er>.</def>

<h1>Empanoplied</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>Em*pan"o*plied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> + <ets>panoply</ets>.]</ety> <def>Completely armed; panoplied.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Emparadise</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>Em*par"a*dise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Imparadise</er>.</def>

<h1>Empark</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>Em*park"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> + <ets>park</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>emparchier</ets>, <ets>emparkier</ets>. Cf. <er>Impark</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a park of; to inclose, as with a fence; to impark.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Emparlance</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>Em*par"lance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Parley; imparlance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Empasm</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>Em*pasm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>empasme</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ to sprinkle in or on; <?/ in + <?/ to sprinkle.]</ety> <def>A perfumed powder sprinkled upon the body to mask the odor of sweat.</def>

<h1>Empassion</h1>
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<hw>Em*pas"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To move with passion; to affect strongly. See <er>Impassion</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Those sights <b>empassion</b> me full near.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Empassionate</h1>
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<hw>Em*pas"sion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Strongly affected.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Briton Prince was sore <b>empassionate</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Empawn</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>Em*pawn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> + <ets>pawn</ets>. Cf. <er>Impawn</er>.]</ety> <def>To put in pawn; to pledge; to impawn.</def>

<blockquote>To sell, <b>empawn</b>, and alienate the estates.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Empeach</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>Em*peach"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To hinder. See <er>Impeach</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Empearl</h1>
<Xpage=485>

<hw>Em*pearl"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> + <ets>pearl</ets>. Cf. <er>Impearl</er>.]</ety> <def>To form like pearls; to decorate with, or as with, pearls; to impearl.</def>

<hr>
<page="486">
Page 486<p>

<h1>Empeople</h1>
<Xpage=486>

<hw>Em*peo"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form into a people or community; to inhabit; to people.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We now know 't is very well <b>empeopled</b>.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emperess</h1>
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<hw>Em"per*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Empress</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Emperice</h1>
<Xpage=486>

<hw>Em"per*ice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An empress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Emperil</h1>
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<hw>Em*per"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put in peril. See <er>Imperil</er>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Emperished</h1>
<Xpage=486>

<hw>Em*per"ished</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Perished; decayed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I deem thy brain <b>emperished</b> be.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emperor</h1>
<Xpage=486>

<hw>Em"per*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>empereor</ets>, <ets>empereour</ets>, F. <ets>empereur</ets>, L. <ets>imperator</ets>, fr. <ets>imperare</ets> to command; <ets>in</ets> in + <ets>parare</ets> to prepare, order. See <er>Parade</er>, and cf. <er>Imperative</er>, <er>Empress</er>.]</ety> <def>The sovereign or supreme monarch of an empire; -- a title of dignity superior to that of king; <as>as, the <ex>emperor</ex> of Germany or of Austria; the <ex>emperor</ex> or Czar of Russia.</as></def>

<cs><col>Emperor goose</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large and handsome goose (<spn>Philacte canagica</spn>), found in Alaska.</cd> -- <col>Emperor moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several large and beautiful bombycid moths, with transparent spots on the wings; as the American Cecropia moth (<spn>Platysamia cecropia</spn>), and the European species (<spn>Saturnia pavonia</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Emperor paper</col>. <cd>See under <er>Paper</er>.</cd> -- <col>Purple emperor</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, strong British butterfly (<spn>Apatura iris</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Emperorship</h1>
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<hw>Em"per*or*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The rank or office of an emperor.</def>

<h1>Empery</h1>
<Xpage=486>

<hw>Em"per*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imperium</ets>, influenced by OF. <ets>emperie</ets>, <ets>empire</ets>. See <er>Empire</er>.]</ety> <def>Empire; sovereignty; dominion.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Struggling for my woman's <b>empery</b>.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emphasis</h1>
<Xpage=486>

<hw>Em"pha*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Emphases</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ significance, force of expression, fr. <?/ to show in, indicate; <?/ in + <?/ to show. See <er>In</er>, and <er>Phase</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A particular stress of utterance, or force of voice, given in reading and speaking to one or more words whose signification the speaker intends to impress specially upon his audience.</def>

<blockquote>The province of <b>emphasis</b> is so much more important than accent, that the customary seat of the latter is changed, when the claims of <b>emphasis</b> require it.
<i>E. Porter.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A peculiar impressiveness of expression or weight of thought; vivid representation, enforcing assent; <as>as, to dwell on a subject with great <ex>emphasis</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>External objects stand before us . . . in all the life and <b>emphasis</b> of extension, figure, and color.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emphasize</h1>
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<hw>Em"pha*size</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Emphasized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Emphasizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To utter or pronounce with a particular stress of voice; to make emphatic; <as>as, to <ex>emphasize</ex> a word or a phrase</as>.</def>

<h1>Emphatic, Emphatical</h1>
<Xpage=486>

<hw><hw>Em*phat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Em*phat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>emphatique</ets>. See <er>Emphasis</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Uttered with emphasis; made prominent and impressive by a peculiar stress of voice; laying stress; deserving of stress or emphasis; forcible; impressive; strong; <as>as, to remonstrate in am <ex>emphatic</ex> manner; an <ex>emphatic</ex> word; an <ex>emphatic</ex> tone; <ex>emphatic</ex> reasoning.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Striking the sense; attracting special attention; impressive; forcible.</def> "<i>Emphatical</i> colors." <i>Boyle</i>. "<i>Emphatical</i> evils."

<i>Bp. Reynolds.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Forcible; earnest; impressive; energetic; striking; positive; important; special; significant.</syn>

<h1>Emphatically</h1>
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<hw>Em*phat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>With emphasis; forcibly; in a striking manner or degree; pre\'89minently.</def>

<blockquote>He was indeed <b>emphatically</b> a popular writer.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not really, but apparently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Emphaticalness</h1>
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<hw>Em*phat"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being emphatic; emphasis.</def>

<h1>Emphractic</h1>
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<hw>Em*phrac"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ obstructing, fr. <?/ to block up.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having the quality of closing the pores of the skin.</def>

<h1>Emphrensy</h1>
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<hw>Em*phren"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To madden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Emphysema</h1>
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<hw>Em`phy*se"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ inflation, fr. <?/ to inflate; <?/ in + <?/ to blow: cf. F. <ets>emphys\'8ame</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A swelling produced by gas or air diffused in the cellular tissue.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Emphysema of the lungs</col>, <col>Pulmonary emphysema</col></mcol> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a common disease of the lungs in which the air cells are distended and their partition walls ruptured by an abnormal pressure of the air contained in them.</cd></cs>

<h1>Emphysematous</h1>
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<hw>Em`phy*sem"a*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>emphys\'82mateux</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, emphysema; swelled; bloated.</def>

<h1>Emphyteusis</h1>
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<hw>Em`phy*teu"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, lit., an implanting, fr.  <?/ to plant or improve land; <?/ in + <?/ to plant.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Law)</fld> <def>A real right, susceptible of assignment and of descent, charged on productive real estate, the right being coupled with the enjoyment of the property on condition of taking care of the estate and paying taxes, and sometimes a small rent.</def>

<i>Heumann.</i>

<h1>Emphyteutic</h1>
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<hw>Em`phy*teu"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emphyteuticus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an emphyteusis; <as>as, <ex>emphyteutic</ex> lands</as>.</def>

<h1>Emphyteuticary</h1>
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<hw>Em`phy*teu"ti*ca*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emphyteuticarius</ets>, a.]</ety> <def>One who holds lands by emphyteusis.</def>

<h1>Empierce</h1>
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<hw>Em*pierce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> + <ets>pierce</ets>. Cf. <er>Impierce</er>.]</ety> <def>To pierce; to impierce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Empight</h1>
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<hw>Em*pight"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> + <ets>pight</ets> pitched, fixed.]</ety> <def>Fixed; settled; fastened.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Empire</h1>
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<hw>Em"pire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>imperium</ets> a command, sovereignty, dominion, empire, fr. <ets>imperare</ets>. See <er>Emperor</er>; cf. <er>Imperial</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Supreme power; sovereignty; sway; dominion.</def> "The <i>empire</i> of the sea."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Over hell extend
His <b>empire</b>, and with iron scepter rule.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The dominion of an emperor; the territory or countries under the jurisdiction and dominion of an emperor (rarely of a king), usually of greater extent than a kingdom, always comprising a variety in the nationality of, or the forms of administration in, constituent and subordinate portions; <as>as, the Austrian <ex>empire</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Empire</b> carries with it the idea of a vast and complicated government.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any dominion; supreme control; governing influence; rule; sway; <as>as, the <ex>empire</ex> of mind or of reason</as>.</def> "Under the <i>empire</i> of facts."

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<blockquote>Another force which, in the Middle Ages, shared with chivalry the <b>empire</b> over the minds of men.
<i>A. W. Ward.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Celestial empire</col>. <cd>See under <er>Celestial</er>.</cd> -- <col>Empire City</col>, <cd>a common designation of the city of New York.</cd> -- <col>Empire State</col>, <cd>a common designation of the State of New York.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Sway; dominion; rule; control; reign; sovereignty; government; kingdom; realm; state.</syn>

<h1>Empiric</h1>
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<hw>Em*pir"ic</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>empiricus</ets> an empiric, Gr. <?/ experienced, equiv. to <?/; <?/ in + <?/ a trial, experiment; akin to <?/ ford, way, and E. <ets>fare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>empirique</ets>. See <er>In</er>, and <er>Fare</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who follows an empirical method; one who relies upon practical experience.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who confines himself to applying the results of mere experience or his own observation; especially, in medicine, one who deviates from the rules of science and regular practice; an ignorant and unlicensed pretender; a quack; a charlatan.</def>

<blockquote>Among the Greek physicians, those who founded their practice on experience called themselves <b>empirics</b>.
<i>Krauth-Fleming.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Swallow down opinions as silly people do <b>empirics</b>' pills.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Empiric, Empirical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Em*pir"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Em*pir"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or founded upon, experiment or experience; depending upon the observation of phenomena; versed in experiments.</def>

<blockquote>In philosophical language, the term <b>empirical</b> means simply what belongs to or is the product of experience or observation.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The village carpenter . . . lays out his work by <b>empirical</b> rules learnt in his apprenticeship.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Depending upon experience or observation alone, without due regard to science and theory; -- said especially of medical practice, remedies, etc.; wanting in science and deep insight; <as>as, <ex>empiric</ex> skill, remedies</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Empirical formula</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Formula</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Transcendental</er>.</syn>

<h1>Empirically</h1>
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<hw>Em*pir"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By experiment or experience; without science; in the manner of quacks.</def>

<h1>Empiricism</h1>
<Xpage=486>

<hw>Em*pir"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The method or practice of an empiric; pursuit of knowledge by observation and experiment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, a practice of medicine founded on mere experience, without the aid of science or a knowledge of principles; ignorant and unscientific practice; charlatanry; quackery.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The philosophical theory which attributes the origin of all our knowledge to experience.</def>

<h1>Empiricist</h1>
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<hw>Em*pir"i*cist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An empiric.</def>

<h1>Empiristic</h1>
<Xpage=486>

<hw>Em`pi*ris"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Relating to, or resulting from, experience, or experiment; following from empirical methods or data; -- opposed to <i>nativistic</i>.</def>

<h1>Emplaster</h1>
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<hw>Em*plas"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>emplastre</ets>, F. <ets>empl\'83tre</ets>, L. <ets>emplastrum</ets> a plaster or salve, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to plaster up, daub over; <?/ in + <?/ to form, mold, apply as a plaster.]</ety> <def>See <er>Plaster</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Emplaster</h1>
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<hw>Em*plas"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>emplastrer</ets>, F. <ets>empl\'83trer</ets>. See <er>Emplaster</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To plaster over; to cover over so as to present a good appearance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Fair as ye his name <i>emplaster</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Emplastic</h1>
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<hw>Em*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>emplastique</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ clogging. See <er>Emplaster</er>.]</ety> <def>Fit to be applied as a plaster; glutinous; adhesive; <as>as, <ex>emplastic</ex> applications</as>.</def>

<h1>Emplastic</h1>
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<hw>Em*plas"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine causing constipation.</def>

<h1>Emplastration</h1>
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<hw>Em`plas*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emplastratio</ets> a budding.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of grafting by inoculation; budding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[See 1st <er>Emplaster</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The application of a plaster or salve.</def>

<h1>Emplead</h1>
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<hw>Em*plead"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>plead</ets>: cf. F. <ets>emplaidier</ets>. Cf. <er>Implead</er>.]</ety> <def>To accuse; to indict. See <er>Implead</er>.</def>

<h1>Emplection</h1>
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<hw>Em*plec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Emplecton</er>.</def>

<h1>Emplecton</h1>
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<hw>Em*plec"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. or L. <ets>emplecton</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ interwoven, fr. <?/ to plait or weave in; <?/ in + <?/ to twist, weave.]</ety> <def>A kind of masonry in which the outer faces of the wall are ashlar, the space between being filled with broken stone and mortar. Cross layers of stone are interlaid as binders.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Emplore</h1>
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<hw>Em*plore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Implore</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Employ</h1>
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<hw>Em*ploy"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Employed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Employing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>employer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>implicare</ets> to fold into, infold, involve, implicate, engage; <ets>in +  plicare</ets> to fold. See <er>Ply</er>, and cf. <er>Imply</er>, <er>Implicate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To inclose; to infold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To use; to have in service; to cause to be engaged in doing something; -- often followed by <i>in</i>, <i>about</i>, <i>on</i>, or <i>upon</i>, and sometimes by <i>to</i>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> To make use of, as an instrument, a means, a material, etc., for a specific purpose; to apply; <as>as, to <ex>employ</ex> the pen in writing, bricks in building, words and phrases in speaking; to <ex>employ</ex> the mind; to <ex>employ</ex> one's energies.</as></def>

<blockquote>This is a day in which the thoughts . . . ought to be <b>employed</b> on serious subjects.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To occupy; as, to <i>employ</i> time in study</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>To have or keep at work; to give employment or occupation to; to intrust with some duty or behest; as, to <i>employ</i> a hundred workmen; to <i>employ</i> an envoy</def>.

<blockquote>Jonathan . . . and Jahaziah . . . were <b>employed</b> about this matter.
<i>Ezra x. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thy vineyard must <b>employ</b> the sturdy steer
To turn the glebe.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To employ one's self</col>, <cd>to apply or devote one's time and attention; to busy one's self.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To use; busy; apply; exercise; occupy; engross; engage. See <er>Use</er>.</syn>

<h1>Employ</h1>
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<hw>Em*ploy"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>emploi</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which engages or occupies a person; fixed or regular service or business; employment.</def>

<blockquote>The whole <b>employ</b> of body and of mind.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>In one's employ</col>, <cd>in one's service.</cd></cs>

<h1>Employable</h1>
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<hw>Em*ploy"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>employable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being employed; capable of being used; fit or proper for use.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Employ\'82</h1>
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<hw>Em`ploy`\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., p. p. of <ets>employer</ets>.]</ety> <def>One employed by another; a clerk or workman in the service of an employer.</def>

<h1>Employee</h1>
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<hw>Em`ploy*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The Eng. form of <ets>employ\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>One employed by another.</def>

<h1>Employer</h1>
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<hw>Em*ploy"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who employs another; <as>as, an <ex>employer</ex> of workmen</as>.</def>

<h1>Employment</h1>
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<hw>Em*ploy"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of employing or using; also, the state of being employed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which engages or occupies; that which consumes time or attention; office or post of business; service; <as>as, agricultural <ex>employments</ex>; mechanical <ex>employments</ex>; public <ex>employments</ex>; in the <ex>employment</ex> of government.</as></def>

<blockquote>Cares are <b>employments</b>, and without employ
The soul is on a rack.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Work; business; occupation; vocation; calling; office; service; commission; trade; profession.</syn>

<h1>Emplumed</h1>
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<hw>Em*plumed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Plumed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Emplunge</h1>
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<hw>Em*plunge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Implunge</er>.]</ety> <def>To plunge; to implunge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Empoison</h1>
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<hw>Em*poi"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>empoisonner</ets>; pref. <ets>em-</ets> + F. <ets>poison</ets>. See <er>Poison</er>, and cf. <er>Impoison</er>.]</ety> <def>To poison; to impoison.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Empoison</h1>
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<hw>Em*poi"son</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Poison.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Remedy of Love.</i>

<h1>Empoisoner</h1>
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<hw>Em*poi"son*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Poisoner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Empoisonment</h1>
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<hw>Em*poi"son*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>empoisonnement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of poisoning.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Emporetic, Emporetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Em`po*ret"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Em`po*ret"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emporeticus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Emporium</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to an emporium; relating to merchandise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Emporium</h1>
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<hw>Em*po"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Emporiums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Emporia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ belonging to commerce, fr. <?/ traveler, trader; <?/ in + <?/ way through and over, path. See <er>In</er>, and <er>Empiric</er>, <er>Fare</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A place of trade; a market place; a mart; esp., a city or town with extensive commerce; the commercial center of a country.</def>

<blockquote>That wonderful <b>emporium</b> [Manchester] . . . was then a mean and ill-built market town.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is pride . . . which fills our streets, our <b>emporiums</b>, our theathers.
<i>Knox.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The brain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Empoverish</h1>
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<hw>Em*pov"er*ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Impoverish</er>.</def>

<h1>Empower</h1>
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<hw>Em*pow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Empowered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Empowering</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To give authority to; to delegate power to; to commission; to authorize (having commonly a legal force); <as>as, the Supreme Court is <ex>empowered</ex> to try and decide cases, civil or criminal; the attorney is <ex>empowered</ex> to sign an acquittance, and discharge the debtor.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give moral or physical power, faculties, or abilities to.</def> "These eyes . . . <i>empowered</i> to gaze."

<i>Keble.</i>

<h1>Empress</h1>
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<hw>Em"press</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>empress</ets>, <ets>emperice</ets>, OF. <ets>empereis</ets>, <ets>empereris</ets>, fr. L. <ets>imperatrix</ets>, fem. of <ets>imperator</ets>. See <er>Emperor</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The consort of an emperor.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A female sovereign.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sovereign mistress.</def> "<i>Empress</i> of my soul."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Empress cloth</col>, <cd>a cloth for ladies' dresses, either wholly of wool, or with cotton warp and wool weft. It resembles merino, but is not twilled.</cd></cs>

<h1>Emprint</h1>
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<hw>Em*print"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Imprint</er>.</def>

<h1>Emprise</h1>
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<hw>Em*prise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>emprise</ets>, fr. <ets>emprendre</ets> to undertake; pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + F. <ets>prendre</ets> to take, L. <ets>prehendere</ets>, <ets>prendere</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + a verb akin to E. <ets>get</ets>. See <er>Get</er>, and cf. <er>Enterprise</er>, <er>Impresa</er>.]</ety> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An enterprise; endeavor; adventure.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>In brave pursuit of chivalrous <b>emprise</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The deeds of love and high <b>emprise</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The qualifies which prompt one to undertake difficult and dangerous exploits.</def>

<blockquote>I love thy courage yet and bolt <b>emprise</b>;
But here thy sword can do thee little stead.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emprise</h1>
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<hw>Em*prise"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To undertake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sackville.</i>

<h1>Emprising</h1>
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<hw>Em*pris"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Emprise</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Full of daring; adventurous.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>T. Campbell.</i>

<h1>Emprison</h1>
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<hw>Em*pris"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Obs</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Imprison</er>.</def>

<h1>Emprosthotonos</h1>
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<hw>Em`pros*thot"o*nos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ forward + <?/ to draw.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A drawing of the body forward, in consequence of the spasmodic action of some of the muscles.</def>

<i>Gross.</i>

<h1>Empte</h1>
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<hw>Emp"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To empty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Emptier</h1>
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<hw>Emp"ti*er</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, empties.</def>

<h1>Emptier</h1>
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<hw>Emp"ti*er</hw>, <tt>compar.</tt> <def>of <er>Empty</er>.</def>

<h1>Emptiness</h1>
<Xpage=486>

<hw>Emp"ti*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Empty</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being empty; absence of contents; void space; vacuum; <as>as, the <ex>emptiness</ex> of a vessel; <ex>emptiness</ex> of the stomach.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Want of solidity or substance; unsatisfactoriness; inability to satisfy desire; vacuity; hollowness; the <i>emptiness</i> of earthly glory.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Want of knowledge; lack of sense; vacuity of mind.</def>

<blockquote>Eternal smiles his <b>emptiness</b> betray.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The sins of <b>emptiness</b>, gossip, and spite.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emption</h1>
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<hw>Emp"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emptio</ets>, fr. <ets>emere</ets> to buy.]</ety> <def>The act of buying.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Emptional</h1>
<Xpage=486>

<hw>Emp"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being purchased.</def>

<h1>Empty</h1>
<Xpage=486>

<hw>Emp"ty</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Emptier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Emptiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>emtig</ets>, <ets>\'91mtig</ets>, <ets>\'91metig</ets>, fr. <ets>\'91mta</ets>, <ets>\'91metta</ets>, quiet, leisure, rest; of uncertain origin; cf. G. <ets>emsig</ets> busy.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Containing nothing; not holding or having anything within; void of contents or appropriate contents; not filled; -- said of an inclosure, as a box, room, house, etc.; <as>as, an <ex>empty</ex> chest, room, purse, or pitcher; an <ex>empty</ex> stomach; <ex>empty</ex> shackles.</as></def>

<hr>
<page="487">
Page 487<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free; clear; devoid; -- often with <i>of</i>.</def> "That fair female troop . . . <i>empty</i> of all good."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>I shall find you <b>empty</b> of that fault.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having nothing to carry; unburdened.</def> "An <i>empty</i> messenger."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>When ye go ye shall not go <b>empty</b>.
<i>Ex. iii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Destitute of effect, sincerity, or sense; -- said of language; <as>as, <ex>empty</ex> words, or threats</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Words are but <b>empty</b> thanks.
<i>Cibber.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Unable to satisfy; unsatisfactory; hollow; vain; -- said of pleasure, the world, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Pleas'd in the silent shade with <b>empty</b> praise.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Producing nothing; unfruitful; -- said of a plant or tree; <as>as, an <ex>empty</ex> vine</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Seven <b>empty</b> ears blasted with the east wind.
<i>Gen. xli. 27.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Destitute of, or lacking, sense, knowledge, or courtesy; <as>as, <ex>empty</ex> brains; an <ex>empty</ex> coxcomb.</as></def>

<blockquote>That in civility thou seem'st so <b>empty</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Destitute of reality, or real existence; unsubstantial; <as>as, <ex>empty</ex> dreams</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Empty</i> is used as the first element in a compound; as, <i>empty</i>-handed, having nothing in the hands, destitute; <i>empty</i>-headed, having few ideas; <i>empty</i>-hearted, destitute of feeling.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Vacant</er>.</syn>

<h1>Empty</h1>
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<hw>Emp"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Empties</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>An empty box, crate, cask, etc.; -- used in commerce, esp. in transportation of freight; <as>as, "special rates for <ex>empties</ex></as>."</def>

<h1>Empty</h1>
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<hw>Emp"ty</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Emptied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Emptying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deprive of the contents; to exhaust; to make void or destitute; to make vacant; to pour out; to discharge; <as>as, to <ex>empty</ex> a vessel; to <ex>empty</ex> a well or a cistern.</as></def>

<blockquote>The clouds . . . <b>empty</b> themselves upon the earth.
<i>Eccl. xi. 3.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Empty</h1>
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<hw>Emp"ty</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To discharge itself; <as>as, a river <ex>empties</ex> into the ocean</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To become empty.</def>  "The chapel <i>empties</i>."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Emptying</h1>
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<hw>Emp"ty*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of making empty.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The lees of beer, cider, etc.; yeast.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Empugn</h1>
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<hw>Em*pugn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Obs</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Impugn</er>.</def>

<h1>Empurple</h1>
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<hw>Em*pur"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Empurpled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Empurpling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> + <ets>purple</ets>. Cf. <er>Impurple</er>.]</ety> <def>To tinge or dye of a purple color; to color with purple; to impurple.</def> "The deep <i>empurpled</i> ran."

<i>Philips.</i>

<h1>Empuse</h1>
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<hw>Em*puse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>empusa</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A phantom or specter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Empuzzle</h1>
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<hw>Em*puz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>em-</ets> + <ets>puzzle</ets>.]</ety> <def>To puzzle.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Empyema</h1>
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<hw>Em`py*e"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, from <?/ to suppurate; <?/ in + <?/  pus.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A collection of blood, pus, or other fluid, in some cavity of the body, especially that of the pleura.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<note>&hand; The term <i>empyema</i> is now restricted to a collection of pus in the cavity of the pleura.</note>

<h1>Empyesis</h1>
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<hw>Em`py*e"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/  suppuration.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An eruption of pustules.</def>

<h1>Empyreal</h1>
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<hw>Em*pyr"e*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>empyrius</ets>, <ets>empyreus</ets>, fiery, Gr. <?/, <?/, in fire, fiery; <?/ in + <?/ fire. See <er>In</er>, and <er>Fire</er>.]</ety> <def>Formed of pure fire or light; refined beyond a\'89rial substance; pertaining to the highest and purest region of heaven.</def>

<blockquote>Go, soar with Plato to the <b>empyreal</b> sphere.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Empyreal air</col>, <cd>oxygen gas.</cd></cs>

<h1>Empyreal</h1>
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<hw>Em*pyr"e*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Empyrean.</def>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Empyrean</h1>
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<hw>Em`py*re"an</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Empyreal</er>.]</ety> <def>The highest heaven, where the pure element of fire was supposed by the ancients to subsist.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>empyrean</b> rung
With hallelujahs.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Empyrean</h1>
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<hw>Em`py*re"an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Empyreal.</def>

<i>Akenside.</i>

<h1>Empyreuma</h1>
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<hw>Em`py*reu"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a live coal covered with ashes, fr. <?/ to set on fire, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>empyreume</ets>. See <er>Empyreal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The peculiar smell and taste arising from products of decomposition of animal or vegetable substances when burnt in close vessels.</def>

<h1>Empyreumatic, Empyreumatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Em`py*reu*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Em`py*reu*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>empyreumatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to empyreuma; <as>as, an <ex>empyreumatic</ex> odor</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Empyreumatic oils</col>, <cd>oils obtained by distilling various organic substances at high temperatures.</cd></cs>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Empyreumatize</h1>
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<hw>Em`py*reu"ma*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render empyreumatic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Empyrical</h1>
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<hw>Em*pyr"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ in fire. See <er>Empyreal</er>.]</ety> <def>Containing the combustible principle of coal.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<h1>Empyrosis</h1>
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<hw>Em"py*ro"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ in + <?/ to burn.]</ety> <def>A general fire; a conflagration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Emrods</h1>
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<hw>Em"rods</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Emerods</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Emu</h1>
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<hw>E"mu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Pg. <ets>ema</ets> ostrich, F. <ets>\'82mou</ets>, <ets>\'82meu</ets>, emu.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large Australian bird, of two species (<spn>Dromaius Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91</spn> and <spn>D. irroratus</spn>), related to the cassowary and the ostrich. The emu runs swiftly, but is unable to fly.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>emeu</asp> and <asp>emew</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; The name is sometimes erroneously applied, by the Brazilians, to the rhea, or South American ostrich.</note>

<cs><col>Emu wren</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Emulable</h1>
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<hw>Em"u*la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aemulari</ets> to emulate + <ets>-able</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being emulated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some imitable and <b>emulable</b> good.
<i>Abp. Leighton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emulate</h1>
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<hw>Em"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aemulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aemulari</ets>, fr. <ets>aemulus</ets> emulous; prob. akin to E. <ets>imitate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Striving to excel; ambitious; emulous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A most <i>emulate</i> pride."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Emulate</h1>
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<hw>Em"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Emulated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Emulating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To strive to equal or to excel in qualities or actions; to imitate, with a view to equal or to outdo, to vie with; to rival; <as>as, to <ex>emulate</ex> the good and the great</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thine eye would <b>emulate</b> the diamond.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emulation</h1>
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<hw>Em`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aemulatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82mulation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The endeavor to equal or to excel another in qualities or actions; an assiduous striving to equal or excel another; rivalry.</def>

<blockquote>A noble <b>emulation</b> heats your breast.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Jea<?/ous rivalry; envy; envious contention.</def>

<blockquote>Such factious <b>emulations</b> shall arise.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Competition; rivalry; contest; contention; strife. -- <er>Emulation</er>, <er>Competition</er>, <er>Rivalry</er>. <i>Competition</i> is the struggle of two or more persons for the same object. <i>Emulation</i> is an ardent desire for superiority, arising from competition, but now implying, of necessity, any improper feeling. <i>Rivalry</i> is a personal contest, and, almost of course, has a selfish object and gives rise to envy. "<i>Competition</i> and <i>emulation</i> have honor for their basis; <i>rivalry</i> is but a desire for selfish gratification. <i>Competition</i> and <i>emulation</i> animate to effort; <i>rivalry</i> usually produces hatred. <i>Competition</i> and <i>emulation</i> seek to merit success; <i>rivalry</i> is contented with obtaining it."</syn>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Emulative</h1>
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<hw>Em"u*la*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclined to emulation; aspiring to competition; rivaling; <as>as, an <ex>emulative</ex> person or effort</as>.</def> "<i>Emulative</i> zeal."

<i>Hoole.</i>

<h1>Emulatively</h1>
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<hw>Em"u*la*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an emulative manner; with emulation.</def>

<h1>Emulator</h1>
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<hw>Em"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aemulator</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who emulates, or strives to equal or surpass.</def>

<blockquote>As Virgil rivaled Homer, Milton was the <b>emulator</b> of both.
<i>Bp. Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emulatory</h1>
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<hw>Em"u*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to emulation; connected with rivalry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Emulatory</i> officiousness."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Emulatress</h1>
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<hw>Em"u*la`tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female emulator.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Emule</h1>
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<hw>Em"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82muler</ets>. See <er>Emulate</er>.]</ety> <def>To emulate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Emuled</i> of many."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Emulge</h1>
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<hw>E*mulge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emulgere</ets>, <ets>emulsum</ets>; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>mulgere</ets> to milk; akin to E. <ets>milk</ets>. See <er>Milk</er>.]</ety> <def>To milk out; to drain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Emulgent</h1>
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<hw>E*mul"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emulgens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>emulgere</ets> to milk out: cf. F. <ets>\'82mulgent</ets>. So called because regarded by the ancients as straining out the serum, as if by milking, and so producing the urine.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the kidneys; renal; <as>as, <ex>emulgent</ex> arteries and veins</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An emulgent vessel, as a renal artery or vein.</def></def2>

<h1>Emulgent</h1>
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<hw>E*mul"gent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine that excites the flow of bile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hoblyn.</i>

<h1>Emulous</h1>
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<hw>Em"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aemulus</ets>. See <er>Emulate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Ambitiously desirous to equal or even to excel another; eager to emulate or vie with another; desirous of like excellence with another; -- with <i>of</i>; <as>as, <ex>emulous</ex> of another's example or virtues</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Vying with; rivaling; hence, contentious, envious.</def> "<i>Emulous</i> Carthage."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<blockquote><b>Emulous</b> missions 'mongst the gods.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Emulously</h1>
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<hw>Em"u*lous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an emulous manner.</def>

<h1>Emulousness</h1>
<Xpage=487>

<hw>Em"u*lous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being emulous.</def>

<h1>Emulsic</h1>
<Xpage=487>

<hw>E*mul"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or produced from, emulsin; <as>as, <ex>emulsic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<i>Hoblyn.</i>

<h1>Emulsify</h1>
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<hw>E*mul"si*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Emuls</ets>ion + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To convert into an emulsion; to form an emulsion; to reduce from an oily substance to a milky fluid in which the fat globules are in a very finely divided state, giving it the semblance of solution; <as>as, the pancreatic juice <ex>emulsifies</ex> the oily part of food</as>.</def>

<h1>Emulsin</h1>
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<hw>E*mul"sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Emulsion</er>, <er>Emulge</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The white milky pulp or extract of bitter almonds</def>. <mark>[R.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An unorganized ferment (contained in this extract and in other vegetable juices), which effects the decomposition of certain glucosides.</def>

<h1>Emulsion</h1>
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<hw>E*mul"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>emulgere</ets>, <ets>emulsum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82mulsion</ets>. See <er>Emulge</er>.]</ety> <def>Any liquid preparation of a color and consistency resembling milk; as: <sd>(a)</sd> In pharmacy, an extract of seeds, or a mixture of oil and water united by a mucilaginous substance. <sd>(b)</sd> In photography, a liquid preparation of collodion holding salt of silver, used in the photographic process.</def>

<h1>Emulsive</h1>
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<hw>E*mul"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82mulsif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Softening; milklike.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Yielding oil by expression; <as>as, <ex>emulsive</ex> seeds</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Producing or yielding a milklike substance; <as>as, <ex>emulsive</ex> acids</as>.</def>

<h1>Emunctory</h1>
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<hw>E*munc"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Emunctories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>emunctorium</ets> a pair of snuffers, fr. <ets>emungere</ets>, <ets>emunctum</ets>, to blow the nose, hence, to wipe, cleanse; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>mungere</ets> to blow the nose: cf. F. <ets>\'82monctoire</ets>, formerly spelled also <ets>\'82monctoire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Any organ or part of the body (as the kidneys, skin, etc.,) which serves to carry off excrementitious or waste matter.</def>

<h1>Emuscation</h1>
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<hw>Em`us*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>emuscare</ets> to clear from moss; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>muscus</ets> moss.]</ety> <def>A freeing from moss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Emu wren</h1>
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<hw>E"mu wren`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small wrenlike Australian bird (<spn>Stipiturus malachurus</spn>), having the tail feathers long and loosely barbed, like emu feathers.</def>

<h1>Emyd</h1>
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<hw>E"myd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Emyds</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Emyd<?/<?/</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Emydea</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fresh-water tortoise of the family <spn>Emydid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Emydea</h1>
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<hw>E*myd"e*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>Emys</ets> a genus of tortoises, L. <ets>emys</ets> a kind of fresh-water tortoise, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of chelonians which comprises many species of fresh-water tortoises and terrapins.</def>

<h1>En-</h1>
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<hw>En-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>en</ets>-, L. <ets>in</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying <i>in</i> or <i>into</i>, used in many English words, chiefly those borrowed from the French. Some English words are written indifferently with <i>en</i>- or <i>in</i>-. For ease of pronunciation it is commonly changed to <i>em</i>- before <i>p</i>, <i>b</i>, and <i>m</i>, as in <i>em</i>ploy, <i>em</i>body, <i>em</i>mew. It is sometimes used to give a causal force, as in <i>en</i>able, <i>en</i>feeble, <i>to cause to be</i>, or <i>to make</i>, able, or feeble; and sometimes merely gives an intensive force, as in <i>en</i>chasten. See <er>In-</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A prefix from Gr. <?/ in, meaning <i>in</i>; <as>as, <ex>en</ex>cephalon, <ex>en</ex>tomology</as>. See <er>In-</er>.</def>

<h1>-en</h1>
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<hw>-en</hw>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A suffix from AS. -<i>an</i>, formerly used to form the plural of many nouns, as in ash<i>en</i>, ey<i>en</i>, ox<i>en</i>, all obs. except <i>oxen</i>. In some cases, such as childr<i>en</i> and brethr<i>en</i>, it has been added to older plural forms.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A suffix corresponding to AS. -<i>en</i> and -<i>on</i>, formerly used to form the plural of verbs, as in hous<i>en</i>, escap<i>en</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A suffix signifying <i>to make</i>, <i>to cause</i>, used to form verbs from nouns and adjectives; as in strength<i>en</i>, quick<i>en</i>, fright<i>en</i>. This must not be confused with -<i>en</i> corresponding in Old English to the AS. infinitive ending -<i>an</i>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[AS. <ets>-en</ets>; akin to Goth. <ets>-eins</ets>, L. <ets>-inus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>An adjectival suffix, meaning <i>made of</i>; as in gold<i>en</i>, lead<i>en</i>, wood<i>en</i>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <ety>[AS. <ets>-en</ets>; akin to Skr. <ets>-na</ets>.]</ety> <def>The termination of the past participle of many strong verbs; <as>as, in brok<ex>en</ex>, gott<ex>en</ex>, trodd<ex>en</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>En</h1>
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<hw>En</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Half an em, that is, half of the unit of space in measuring printed matter. See <er>Em</er>.</def>

<h1>Enable</h1>
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<hw>En*a"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enabled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enabling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To give strength or ability to; to make firm and strong.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Who hath <i>enabled</i> me."

<i>1 Tim. i. 12.</i>

<blockquote>Receive the Holy Ghost, said Christ to his apostles, when he <b>enabled</b> them with priestly power.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make able (to do, or to be, something); to confer sufficient power upon; to furnish with means, opportunities, and the like; to render competent for; to empower; to endow.</def>

<blockquote>Temperance gives Nature her full play, and <b>enables</b> her to exert herself in all her force and vigor.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enablement</h1>
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<hw>En*a"ble*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of enabling, or the state of being enabled; ability.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Enact</h1>
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<hw>En*act"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enacted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enacting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To decree; to establish by legal and authoritative act; to make into a law; especially, to perform the legislative act with reference to (a bill) which gives it the validity of law.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act; to perform; to do; to effect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The king <b>enacts</b> more wonders than a man.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To act the part of; to represent; to play.</def>

<blockquote>I did <b>enact</b> Julius Caesar.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Enacting clause</col>, <cd>that clause of a bill which formally expresses the legislative sanction.</cd></cs>

<h1>Enact</h1>
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<hw>En*act"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Purpose; determination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Enactive</h1>
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<hw>En*act"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power to enact or establish as a law.</def>

<i>Abp. Bramhall.</i>

<h1>Enactment</h1>
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<hw>En*act"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The passing of a bill into a law; the giving of legislative sanction and executive approval to a bill whereby it is established as a law.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is enacted or passed into a law; a law; a decree; a statute; a prescribed requirement; <as>as, a prohibitory <ex>enactment</ex>; a social <ex>enactment</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Enactor</h1>
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<hw>En*act"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who enacts a law; one who decrees or establishes as a law.</def>

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<h1>Enacture</h1>
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<hw>En*ac"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Enactment; resolution.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enaliosaur</h1>
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<hw>En*al"i*o*saur`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>One of the Enaliosauria.</def>

<h1>Enaliosauria</h1>
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<hw>En*al`i*o*sau"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr.  <?/ marine (<?/ in + <?/ the sea) + <?/ a lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct group of marine reptiles, embracing both the Ichthyosauria and the Plesiosauria, now regarded as distinct orders.</def>

<h1>Enaliosaurian</h1>
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<hw>En*al`i*o*sau"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Enaliosauria.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Enaliosauria.</def></def2>

<h1>Enallage</h1>
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<hw>E*nal"la*ge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ an exchange, fr. <?/ to exchange; <?/ in + <?/ to change.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A substitution, as of one part of speech for another, of one gender, number, case, person, tense, mode, or voice, of the same word, for another.</def>

<h1>Enambush</h1>
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<hw>En*am"bush</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To ambush.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Enamel</h1>
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<hw>En*am"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>amel</ets>. See <er>Amel</er>, <er>Smelt</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A variety of glass, used in ornament, to cover a surface, as of metal or pottery, and admitting of after decoration in color, or used itself for inlaying or application in varied colors.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A glassy, opaque bead obtained by the blowpipe.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is enameled; also, any smooth, glossy surface, resembling enamel, especially if variegated.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The intensely hard calcified tissue entering into the composition of teeth. It merely covers the exposed parts of the teeth of man, but in many animals is intermixed in various ways with the dentine and cement.</def>

<cs><col>Enamel painting</col>, <cd>painting with enamel colors upon a ground of metal, porcelain, or the like, the colors being afterwards fixed by fire.</cd> -- <col>Enamel paper</col>, <cd>paper glazed a metallic coating.</cd></cs>

<h1>Enamel</h1>
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<hw>En*am"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enameled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Enamelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enameling</er> or <er>Enamelling</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay enamel upon; to decorate with enamel whether inlaid or painted.</def>

<hr>
<page="488">
Page 488<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To variegate with colors as if with enamel.</def>

<blockquote>Oft he [the serpent]bowed
His turret crest and sleek <b>enameled</b> neck.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To form a glossy surface like enamel upon; <as>as, to <ex>enamel</ex> card paper; to <ex>enamel</ex> leather or cloth.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To disguise with cosmetics, as a woman's complexion.</def>

<h1>Enamel</h1>
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<hw>En*am"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To practice the art of enameling.</def>

<h1>Enamel</h1>
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<hw>En*am"el</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the art of enameling; <as>as, <ex>enamel</ex> painting</as>.</def>

<i>Tomlinson.</i>

<h1>Enamelar</h1>
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<hw>En*am"el*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of enamel; resembling enamel; smooth; glossy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>Enameled</h1>
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<hw>En*am"eled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Coated or adorned with enamel; having a glossy or variegated surface; glazed.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>enamelled</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Enameler, Enamelist</h1>
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<hw><hw>En*am"el*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En*am"el*ist</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who enamels; a workman or artist who applies enamels in ornamental work.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>enameller</asp>, <asp>enamellist</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Enamor</h1>
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<hw>En*am"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enamored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enamoring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>enamourer</ets>, <ets>enamorer</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + OF. & F. <ets>amour</ets> love, L. <ets>amor</ets>. See <er>Amour</er>, and cf. <er>Inamorato</er>.]</ety> <def>To inflame with love; to charm; to captivate; -- with <i>of</i>, or <i>with</i>, before the person or thing; <as>as, to be <ex>enamored</ex> with a lady; to be <ex>enamored</ex> of books or science.</as></def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>enamour</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Passionately <b>enamored</b> of this shadow of a dream.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enamorment</h1>
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<hw>En*am"or*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being enamored.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Enantiomorphous</h1>
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<hw>E*nan`ti*o*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ opposite + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Similar, but not superposable, <i>i</i>. <i>e</i>., related to each other as a right-handed to a left-handed glove; -- said of certain hemihedral crystals.</def>

<h1>Enantiopathic</h1>
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<hw>E*nan`ti*o*path"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Serving to palliate; palliative.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Enantiopathy</h1>
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<hw>E*nan`ti*op"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of contrary properties or affections; <?/ opposite + <?/ suffering, affection, fr. <?/, <?/, to suffer.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An opposite passion or affection.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Allopathy; -- a term used by followers of Hahnemann, or homeopathists.</def>

<h1>Enantiosis</h1>
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<hw>E*nan`ti*o"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ contradiction, fr. <?/ opposite.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech by which what is to be understood affirmatively is stated negatively, and the contrary; affirmation by contraries.</def>

<h1>Enarch</h1>
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<hw>En**arch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To arch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Lydgate.</i>

<h1>Enarched</h1>
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<hw>En*arched"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Bent into a curve; -- said of a bend or other ordinary.</def>

<h1>Enargite</h1>
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<hw>En*ar"gite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An iron-black mineral of metallic luster, occurring in small orthorhombic crystals, also massive. It contains sulphur, arsenic, copper, and often silver.</def>

<h1>Enarmed</h1>
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<hw>En*armed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Armed</er>, 3.</def>

<h1>Enarration</h1>
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<hw>En`ar*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>enarratio</ets>. See <er>Narration</er>.]</ety> <def>A detailed exposition; relation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hakewill.</i>

<h1>Enarthrodia</h1>
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<hw>En`ar*thro"di*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.  <?/ in + <?/. See <er>Arthrodia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Enarthrosis</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>En`ar*thro"di*al</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Enarthrosis</h1>
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<hw>En`ar*thro"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ jointed; <?/ in + <?/ joint.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A ball and socket joint, or the kind of articulation represented by such a joint. See <er>Articulation</er>.</def>

<h1>Enascent</h1>
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<hw>E*nas"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>enascens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>enasci</ets> to spring up; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>nasci</ets> to be born.]</ety> <def>Coming into being; nascent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Enatation</h1>
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<hw>E`na*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>enatare</ets> to swim out. See <er>Natation</er>.]</ety> <def>A swimming out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Enate</h1>
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<hw>E*nate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>enatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>enasci</ets>. See <er>Enascent</er>.]</ety> <def>Growing out.</def>

<h1>Enation</h1>
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<hw>E*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any unusual outgrowth from the surface of a thing, as of a petal; also, the capacity or act of producing such an outgrowth.</def>

<h1>Enaunter</h1>
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<hw>E*naun"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>aunter</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lest that.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Enavigate</h1>
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<hw>E*nav"i*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>enavigatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>enavigare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To sail away or over.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Enbattled</h1>
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<hw>En*bat"tled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Embattled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Enbibe</h1>
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<hw>En*bibe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To imbibe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Enbroude</h1>
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<hw>En*broud"e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Embroude</er>.</def>

<h1>Encage</h1>
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<hw>En*cage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Encaged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Engaging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>cage</ets>: cf. F. <ets>encager</ets>.]</ety> <def>To confine in a cage; to coop up.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Encalendar</h1>
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<hw>En*cal"en*dar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To register in a calendar; to calendar.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Encamp</h1>
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<hw>En*camp"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Encamped</er> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Encamping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To form and occupy a camp; to prepare and settle in temporary habitations, as tents or huts; to halt on a march, pitch tents, or form huts, and remain for the night or for a longer time, as an army or a company traveling.</def>

<blockquote>The host of the Philistines <b>encamped</b> in the valley of Rephaim.
<i>1 Chron. xi. 15.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Encamp</h1>
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<hw>En*camp"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form into a camp; to place in a temporary habitation, or quarters.</def>

<blockquote>Bid him <b>encamp</b> his soldiers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Encampment</h1>
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<hw>En*camp"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of pitching tents or forming huts, as by an army or traveling company, for temporary lodging or rest.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The place where an army or a company is encamped; a camp; tents pitched or huts erected for temporary lodgings.</def>

<blockquote>A square of about seven hundred yards was sufficient for the <b>encampment</b> of twenty thousand Romans.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A green <b>encampment</b> yonder meets the eye.
<i>Guardian.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Encanker</h1>
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<hw>En*can"ker</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To canker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Encapsulation</h1>
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<hw>En*cap`su*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act of inclosing in a capsule; the growth of a membrane around (any part) so as to inclose it in a capsule.</def>

<h1>Encarnalize</h1>
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<hw>En*car"nal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To carnalize; to make gross.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Encarnalize</i> their spirits."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Encarpus</h1>
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<hw>En*car"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ containing fruit; <?/ in + <?/  fruit; cf. L. <ets>encarpa</ets>, pl., Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament on a frieze or capital, consisting of festoons of fruit, flowers, leaves, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>encarpa</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Encase</h1>
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<hw>En*case"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Enchase</er>.]</ety> <def>To inclose as in a case. See <er>Incase</er>.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Encasement</h1>
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<hw>En*case"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Casement</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of encasing; also, that which encases.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An old theory of generation similar to embo<?/tement. See <er>Ovulist</er>.</def>

<h1>Encash</h1>
<Xpage=488>

<hw>En*cash"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Banking)</fld> <def>To turn into cash; to cash.</def>

<i>Sat. Rev.</i>

<h1>Encashment</h1>
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<hw>En*cash"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Banking)</fld> <def>The payment in cash of a note, draft, etc.</def>

<h1>Encauma</h1>
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<hw>En*cau"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ mark caused by burning, fr. <?/. See <er>Encaustic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An ulcer in the eye, upon the cornea, which causes the loss of the humors.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Encaustic</h1>
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<hw>En*caus"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>encausticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/  to burn in; <?/ in + <?/ to burn: cf. F. <ets>encaustique</ets>. See <er>Caustic</er>, and cf. <er>Ink</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Prepared by means of heat; burned in.</def>

<cs><col>Encaustic painting</col> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld>, <cd>painting by means of wax with which the colors are combined, and which is afterwards fused with hot irons, thus fixing the colors.</cd> -- <col>Encaustic tile</col> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld>, <cd>an earthenware tile which has a decorative pattern and is not wholly of one color.</cd></cs>

<h1>Encaustic</h1>
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<hw>En*caus"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>encaustica</ets>, Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/): cf. F. <ets>encaustique</ets>. See <er>Encaustic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The method of painting in heated wax, or in any way where heat is used to fix the colors.</def>

<h1>Encave</h1>
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<hw>En*cave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>cave</ets>: cf. F. <ets>encaver</ets>. Cf. <er>Incavated</er>.]</ety> <def>To hide in, or as in, a cave or recess.</def> "Do but <i>encave</i> yourself."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>-ence</h1>
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<hw>-ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>-ence</ets>, L. <ets>-entia</ets>.]</ety> <def>A noun suffix signifying <i>action</i>, <i>state</i>, or <i>quality</i>; also, <i>that which relates to</i> the action or state; as in emerg<i>ence</i>, diffid<i>ence</i>, dilig<i>ence</i>, influ<i>ence</i>, differ<i>ence</i>, excell<i>ence</i>. See <er>-ance</er>.</def>

<h1>Enceinte</h1>
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<hw>En`ceinte"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>enceindre</ets> to gird about, surround, L. <ets>incingere</ets>; <ets>in</ets> (intens). + <ets>cingere</ets> to gird. See <er>Cincture</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The line of works which forms the main inclosure of a fortress or place; -- called also <altname>body of the place</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The area or town inclosed by a line of fortification.</def>

<blockquote>The suburbs are not unfrequently larger than their <b>enceinte</b>.
<i>S. W. Williams.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enceinte</h1>
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<hw>En`ceinte"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>in</ets> not + <ets>cinctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cingere</ets> to gird about.]</ety> <def>Pregnant; with child.</def>

<h1>Encenia</h1>
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<hw>En*ce"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>encaenia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a feast of dedication; <?/ in + <?/ new.]</ety> <def>A festival commemorative of the founding of a city or the consecration of a church; also, the ceremonies (as at Oxford and Cambridge, England) commemorative of founders or benefactors.</def>

<h1>Encense</h1>
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<hw>En*cense"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. &  i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>encenser</ets>, fr. <ets>encens</ets>. See <er>Incense</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To offer incense to or upon; to burn incense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Encephalic</h1>
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<hw>En`ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Encephalon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the encephalon or brain.</def>

<h1>Encephalitis</h1>
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<hw>En*ceph`a*li"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ the brain + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the brain.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>En`ceph*a*lit"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Encephalocele</h1>
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<hw>En*ceph"a*lo*cele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the brain + <?/ tumor.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hernia of the brain.</def>

<h1>Encephaloid</h1>
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<hw>En*ceph"a*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling the material of the brain; cerebriform.</def>

<cs><col>Encephaloid cancer</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a very malignant form of cancer of brainlike consistency. See under <er>Cancer</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Encephaloid</h1>
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<hw>En*ceph"a*loid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An encephaloid cancer.</def>

<h1>Encephalology</h1>
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<hw>En*ceph`a*lol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the brain + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the brain, its structure and functions.</def>

<h1>Encephalon</h1>
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<hw>En*ceph"a*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Encephalos</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The contents of the cranium; the brain.</def>

<h1>Encephalopathy</h1>
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<hw>En*ceph`a*lop"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the brain + <?/, <?/, to suffer.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any disease or symptoms of disease referable to disorders of the brain; <as>as, lead <ex>encephalopathy</ex>, the cerebral symptoms attending chronic lead poisoning</as>.</def>

<h1>Encephalos</h1>
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<hw>En*ceph"a*los</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ in + <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The encephalon.</def>

<blockquote>In man the <b>encephalos</b> reaches its full size about seven years of age.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Encephalotomy</h1>
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<hw>En*ceph`a*lot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the brain + <?/ a cutting.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The act or art of dissecting the brain.</def>

<h1>Encephalous</h1>
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<hw>En*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a head; -- said of most Mollusca; -- opposed to <i>acephalous</i>.</def>

<h1>Enchafe</h1>
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<hw>En*chafe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To chafe; to enrage; to heat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enchafing</h1>
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<hw>En*chaf"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Heating; burning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The wicked <b>enchaufing</b> or ardure of this sin [lust].
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enchain</h1>
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<hw>En*chain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>encha\'8cner</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) <ets>cha\'8cne</ets> chain. See <er>Chain</er>, and cf. <er>Incatenation</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To bind with a chain; to hold in chains.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hold fast; to confine; <as>as, to <ex>enchain</ex> attention</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To link together; to connect.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Enchainment</h1>
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<hw>En*chain"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>encha\'8cnement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of enchaining, or state of being enchained.</def>

<h1>Enchair</h1>
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<hw>En*chair"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To seat in a chair.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Enchannel</h1>
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<hw>En*chan"nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make run in a channel.</def> "Its waters were <i>enchanneled</i>."

<i>Sir D. Brewster.</i>

<h1>Enchant</h1>
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<hw>En*chant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enchanted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enchanting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>enchanter</ets>, L. <ets>incantare</ets> to chant or utter a magic formula over or against one, to bewitch; <ets>in</ets> in, against + <ets>cantare</ets> to sing. See <er>Chant</er>, and cf. <er>Incantation</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To charm by sorcery; to act on by enchantment; to get control of by magical words and rites.</def>

<blockquote>And now about the caldron sing,
Like elves and fairies in a ring,
<b>Enchanting</b> all that you put in.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He is <b>enchanted</b>, cannot speak.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To delight in a high degree; to charm; to enrapture; <as>as, music <ex>enchants</ex> the ear</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Arcadia was the charmed circle where all his spirits forever should be <b>enchanted</b>.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To charm; bewitch; fascinate. Cf. <er>Charm</er>.</syn>

<h1>Enchanted</h1>
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<hw>En*chant"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Under the power of enchantment; possessed or exercised by enchanters; <as>as, an <ex>enchanted</ex> castle</as>.</def>

<h1>Enchanter</h1>
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<hw>En*chant"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>enchanteur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who enchants; a sorcerer or magician; also, one who delights as by an enchantment.</def>

<blockquote>Like ghosts from an <b>enchanter</b> fleeing.
<i>Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Enchanter's nightshade</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus (<spn>Circ\'91a</spn>) of low inconspicuous, perennial plants, found in damp, shady places.</cd></cs>

<h1>Enchanting</h1>
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<hw>En*chant"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a power of enchantment; charming; fascinating.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>En*chant"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Enchantment</h1>
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<hw>En*chant"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>enchantement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of enchanting; the production of certain wonderful effects by the aid of demons, or the agency of supposed spirits; the use of magic arts, spells, or charms; incantation.</def>

<blockquote>After the last <b>enchantment</b> you did here.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The effect produced by the act; the state of being enchanted; <as>as, to break an <ex>enchantment</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which captivates the heart and senses; an influence or power which fascinates or highly delights.</def>

<blockquote>Such an <b>enchantment</b> as there is in words.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Incantation; necromancy; magic; sorcery; witchcraft; spell; charm; fascination; witchery.</syn>

<h1>Enchantress</h1>
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<hw>En*chant"ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>enchanteresse</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woman versed in magical arts; a sorceress; also, a woman who fascinates.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Encharge</h1>
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<hw>En*charge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Encharged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Encharging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>enchargier</ets>, F. <ets>encharger</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + F. <ets>charger</ets>. See <er>Charge</er>.]</ety> <def>To charge (with); to impose (a charge) upon.</def>

<blockquote>His countenance would express the spirit and the passion of the part he was <b>encharged</b> with.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Encharge</h1>
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<hw>En*charge"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A charge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>A. Copley.</i>

<h1>Enchase</h1>
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<hw>En*chase"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enchased</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enchasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ench\'83sser</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>ch\'83sse</ets> box containing relics, frame, case, the same word as <ets>caisse</ets> case. See 1st <er>Case</er>, and cf. <er>Chase</er>, <er>Encase</er>, <er>Incase</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To incase or inclose in a border or rim; to surround with an ornamental casing, as a gem with gold; to encircle; to inclose; to adorn.</def>

<blockquote><b>Enchased</b> with a wanton ivy twine.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An precious stones, in studs of gold <b>enchased</b>,
The shaggy velvet of his buskins graced.
<i>Mickle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To chase; to ornament by embossing or engraving; <as>as, to <ex>enchase</ex> a watch case</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With golden letters . . . well <b>enchased</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To delineate or describe, as by writing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All which . . . for to <b>enchase</b>,
Him needeth sure a golden pen, I ween.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enchaser</h1>
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<hw>En*chas"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who enchases.</def>

<h1>Enchasten</h1>
<Xpage=488>

<hw>En*chas"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To chasten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Encheson, Encheason</h1>
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<hw><hw>En*che"son</hw>, <hw>En*chea"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>enchaison</ets>, fr. L. <ets>incidere</ets> to happen; <ets>in + cadere</ets> to fall.]</ety> <def>Occasion, cause, or reason.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Enchest</h1>
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<hw>En*chest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Inchest</er>.]</ety> <def>To inclose in a chest.</def>

<i>Vicars.</i>

<h1>Enchiridion</h1>
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<hw>En`chi*rid"i*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/; <?/ in + <?/ hand.]</ety> <def>Handbook; a manual of devotions.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Enchisel</h1>
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<hw>En*chis"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cut with a chisel.</def>

<h1>Enchodus</h1>
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<hw>En"cho*dus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a spear + <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of extinct Cretaceous fishes; -- so named from their spear-shaped teeth. They were allied to the pike (<spn>Esox</spn>).</def>

<h1>Enchondroma</h1>
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<hw>En`chon*dro"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ in + <?/ cartilage + <ets>-oma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cartilaginous tumor growing from the interior of a bone.</def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<h1>Enchorial, Enchoric</h1>
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<hw><hw>En*cho"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En*chor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ domestic, native; <?/ in + <?/ place, country.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or used in, a country; native; domestic; popular; common; -- said especially of the written characters employed by the common people of ancient Egypt, in distinction from the hieroglyphics. See <er>Demotic</er>.</def>

<h1>Enchylemma</h1>
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<hw>En`chy*lem"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to pour in + <?/ anything received.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The basal substance of the cell nucleus; a hyaline or granular substance, more or less fluid during life, in which the other parts of the nucleus are imbedded.</def>

<h1>Enchyma</h1>
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<hw>En"chy*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ an infusion; <?/ in + <?/ to pour.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The primitive formative juice, from which the tissues, particularly the cellular tissue, are formed.</def>

<h1>Encincture</h1>
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<hw>En*cinc"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cincture.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>The vast <b>encincture</b> of that gloomy sea.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Encindered</h1>
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<hw>En*cin"dered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Burnt to cinders.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Encircle</h1>
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<hw>En*cir"cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Encircled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Encircling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>circle</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>encercler</ets>.]</ety> <def>To form a circle about; to inclose within a circle or ring; to surround; <as>as, to <ex>encircle</ex> one in the arms; the army <ex>encircled</ex> the city.</as></def>

<blockquote>Her brows <b>encircled</b> with his serpent rod.
<i>Parnell.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To encompass; surround; environ; inclose.</syn>

<h1>Encirclet</h1>
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<hw>En*cir"clet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Encircle</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small circle; a ring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Enclasp</h1>
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<hw>En*clasp"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>clasp</ets>. Cf. <er>Inclasp</er>.]</ety> <def>To clasp. See <er>Inclasp</er>.</def>

<h1>Enclave</h1>
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<hw>En*clave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>in + clavus</ets> a nail.]</ety> <def>A tract of land or a territory inclosed within another territory of which it is independent. See <er>Exclave</er>.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<h1>Enclave</h1>
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<hw>En*clave"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>enclaver</ets>.]</ety> <def>To inclose within an alien territory.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<h1>Enclavement</h1>
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<hw>En*clave"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The state of being an enclave.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<hr>
<page="489">
Page 489<p>

<h1>Enclitic, Enclitical</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw><hw>En*clit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En*clit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>encliticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to incline; <?/ in + <?/ to bend. See <er>In</er>, and <er>Lean</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Affixed; subjoined; -- said of a word or particle which leans back upon the preceding word so as to become a part of it, and to lose its own independent accent, generally varying also the accent of the preceding word.</def>

<h1>Enclitic</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*clit"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word which is joined to another so closely as to lose its proper accent, as the pronoun <i>thee</i> in <i>prithee</i> (pray thee).</def>

<h1>Enclitically</h1>
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<hw>En*clit"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an enclitic manner; by throwing the accent back.</def>

<i>Walker.</i>

<h1>Enclitics</h1>
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<hw>En*clit"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The art of declining and conjugating words.</def>

<h1>Encloister</h1>
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<hw>En*clois"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Incloister</er>.]</ety> <def>To shut up in a cloister; to cloister.</def>

<h1>Enclose</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*close"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>enclos</ets>, p. p. of <ets>enclore</ets> to enclose; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>clore</ets> to close. See <er>Close</er>, and cf. <er>Inclose</er>, <er>Include</er>.]</ety> <def>To inclose. See <er>Inclose</er>.</def>

<h1>Enclosure</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*clo"sure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inclosure. See <er>Inclosure</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The words <i>enclose</i> and <i>enclosure</i> are written indiscriminately <i>enclose</i> or <i>inclose</i> and <i>enclosure</i> or <i>inclosure</i>.</note>

<h1>Enclothe</h1>
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<hw>En*clothe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To clothe.</def>

<h1>Encloud</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*cloud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Incloud</er>.]</ety> <def>To envelop in clouds; to cloud.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Encoach</h1>
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<hw>En*coach"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Incoach</er>.]</ety> <def>To carry in a coach.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Davies (Wit's Pilgr.)</i>

<h1>Encoffin</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*cof"fin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put in a coffin.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Encolden</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*cold"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render cold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Encollar</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*col"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish or surround with a collar.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Encolor</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*col"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To color.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Encolure</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En`co`lure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The neck of horse.</def>

<i>R. Browning.</i>

<h1>Encomber</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*com"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Encumber</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Encomberment</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*com"ber*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Encumberment</er>.]</ety> <def>Hindrance; molestation.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Encomiast</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*co"mi*ast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to praise, fr. <?/ encomium: cf. F. <ets>encomiaste</ets>. See <er>Encomium</er>.]</ety> <def>One who praises; a panegyrist.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Encomiastic, Encomiastical</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw><hw>En*co`mi*as"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En*co`mi*as"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Bestowing praise; praising; eulogistic; laudatory; <as>as, an <ex>encomiastic</ex> address or discourse</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>En*co`mi*as"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Encomiastic</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*co`mi*as"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A panegyric.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Encomion</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*co"mi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Encomium; panegyric.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Encomium</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*co"mi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Encomiums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ (a song) chanted in a Bacchic festival in praise of the god; <?/ in + <?/ a jovial festivity, revel. See <er>Comedy</er>.]</ety> <def>Warm or high praise; panegyric; strong commendation.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>encomiums</b> awakened all my ardor.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Eulogy</er>.</syn>

<h1>Encompass</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*com"pass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Encompassed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Encompassing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To circumscribe or go round so as to surround closely; to encircle; to inclose; to environ; <as>as, a ring <ex>encompasses</ex> the finger; an army <ex>encompasses</ex> a city; a voyage <ex>encompassing</ex> the world.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>A question may be <b>encompassed</b> with difficulty.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The love of all thy sons <b>encompass</b> thee.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To encircle; inclose; surround; include; environ; invest; hem in; shut up.</syn>

<h1>Encompassment</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*com"pass*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of surrounding, or the state of being surrounded; circumvention.</def>

<blockquote>By this <b>encompassment</b> and drift of question.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Encore</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En`core"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. &or; interj.</tt> <ety>[F. The last part of the word is fr. L. <ets>hora</ets> hour. See <er>Hour</er>.]</ety> Once more; again; -- used by the auditors and spectators of plays, concerts, and other entertainments, to call for a repetition of a particular part.</def>

<h1>Encore</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En`core"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A call or demand (as, by continued applause) for a repetition; <as>as, the <ex>encores</ex> were numerous</as>.</def>

<h1>Encore</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En`core"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Encored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Encoring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To call for a repetition or reappearance of; <as>as, to <ex>encore</ex> a song or a singer</as>.</def>

<blockquote>[Rebecca] insisted upon <b>encoring</b> one of the duets.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Encorporing</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*cor"po*ring</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + L. <ets>corpus</ets> body.]</ety> <def>Incorporation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Encoubert</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En`cou`bert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., Pg. <ets>encorberto</ets>, <ets>encuberto</ets>, lit., covered.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of armadillos of the genera <i>Dasypus</i> and <i>Euphractus</i>, having five toes both on the fore and hind feet.</def>

<h1>Encounter</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*coun"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Encountered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Encountering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>encontrer</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>contre</ets> against, L. <ets>contra</ets>. See <er>Counter</er>, <tt>adv.</tt>]</ety> <def>To come against face to face; to meet; to confront, either by chance, suddenly, or deliberately; especially, to meet in opposition or with hostile intent; to engage in conflict with; to oppose; to struggle with; <as>as, to <ex>encounter</ex> a friend in traveling; two armies <ex>encounter</ex> each other; to <ex>encounter</ex> obstacles or difficulties, to <ex>encounter</ex> strong evidence of a truth.</as></def>

<blockquote>Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics, <b>encountered</b> him.
<i>Acts xvii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am most fortunate thus accidentally to <b>encounter</b> you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Encounter</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*coun"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To meet face to face; to have a meeting; to meet, esp. as enemies; to engage in combat; to fight; <as>as, three armies <ex>encountered</ex> at Waterloo</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>encounter</b> with Andronicus.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Perception and judgment, employed in the investigation of all truth, have in the first place to <b>encounter</b> with particulars.
<i>Tatham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Encounter</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*coun"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>encontre</ets>, fr. <ets>encontrer</ets>. See <er>Encounter</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A meeting face to face; a running against; a sudden or incidental meeting; an interview.</def>

<blockquote>To shun the <b>encounter</b> of the vulgar crowd.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A meeting, with hostile purpose; hence, a combat; a battle; <as>as, a bloody <ex>encounter</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>As one for . . . fierce <b>encounters</b> fit.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To join their dark <b>encounter</b> in mid-air.
<i>Milton</i></blockquote>.

<syn>Syn. -- Contest; conflict; fight; combat; assault; rencounter; attack; engagement; onset. See <er>Contest</er>.</syn>

<h1>Encounterer</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*coun"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who encounters; an opponent; an antagonist.</def>

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<h1>Encourage</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*cour"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Encouraged</er> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Encouraging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>encourager</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>courage</ets> courage. See <er>Courage</er>.]</ety> <def>To give courage to; to inspire with courage, spirit, or hope; to raise, or to increase, the confidence of; to animate; enhearten; to incite; to help forward; -- the opposite of <i>discourage</i>.</def>

<blockquote>David <b>encouraged</b> himself in the Lord.
<i>1 Sam. xxx. 6.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To embolden; inspirit; animate; enhearten; hearten; incite; cheer; urge; impel; stimulate; instigate; countenance; comfort; promote; advance; forward; strengthen.</syn>

<h1>Encouragement</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*cour"age*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>encouragement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of encouraging; incitement to action or to practice; <as>as, the <ex>encouragement</ex> of youth in generosity</as>.</def>

<blockquote>All generous <b>encouragement</b> of arts.
<i>Otway.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which serves to incite, support, promote, or advance, as favor, countenance, reward, etc.; incentive; increase of confidence; <as>as, the fine arts find little <ex>encouragement</ex> among a rude people</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To think of his paternal care,
Is a most sweet <b>encouragement</b> to prayer.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Encourager</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*cour"a*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who encourages, incites, or helps forward; a favorer.</def>

<blockquote>The pope is . . . a great <b>encourager</b> of arts.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Encouraging</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*cour"a*ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnishing ground to hope; inspiriting; favoring.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>En*cour"a*ging*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Encowl</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*cowl"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a monk (or wearer of a cowl) of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Encradle</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*cra"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lay in a cradle.</def>

<h1>Encratite</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En"cra*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Encratitae</ets>, pl., fr. Gr. <?/ self-disciplined; <?/ in + <?/ strength.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect in the 2d century who abstained from marriage, wine, and animal food; -- called also <altname>Continent</altname>.</def>

<h1>Encrease</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*crease"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. &</tt> <def>i. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Increase</er>.</def>

<h1>Encrimson</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*crim"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give a crimson or red color to; to crimson.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Encrinic, Encrinal, Encrinital</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw><hw>En*crin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En*cri"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En*crin"i*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Relating to encrinites; containing encrinites, as certain kinds of limestone.</def>

<h1>Encrinite</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En"cri*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ in + <?/ a lily: cf. F. <ets>encrinite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil crinoid, esp. one belonging to, or resembling, the genus Encrinus. Sometimes used in a general sense for any crinoid.</def>

<h1>Encrinitic, Encrinitical</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw><hw>En`cri*nit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En`cri*nit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to encrinites; encrinal.</def>

<h1>Encrinoidea</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En`cri*noid"e*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Encrinus</er> and <er>-oid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That order of the Crinoidea which includes most of the living and many fossil forms, having jointed arms around the margin of the oral disk; -- also called <i>Brachiata</i> and <i>Articulata</i>. See <i>Illusts</i>. under <er>Comatula</er> and <er>Crinoidea</er>.</def>

<h1>Encrinus</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En"cri*nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Encrini</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Encrinite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of fossil encrinoidea, from the Mesozoic rocks.</def>

<h1>Encrisped</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*crisped"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Curled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Encroach</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*croach"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Encroached</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Encroaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>encrochier</ets> to perch, prop., to hook, fasten a hook (perh. confused with <ets>acrochier</ets>, F. <ets>accrocher</ets>, to hook, get hold of, E. <ets>accroach</ets>); pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + F. <ets>croc</ets> hook. See <er>Crook</er>, and cf. <er>Accroach</er>.]</ety> <def>To enter by gradual steps or by stealth into the possessions or rights of another; to trespass; to intrude; to trench; -- commonly with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>; <as>as, to <ex>encroach</ex> on a neighbor; to <ex>encroach</ex> on the highway.</as></def>

<blockquote>No sense, faculty, or member must <b>encroach</b> upon or interfere with the duty and office of another.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Superstition, . . . a creeping and <b>encroaching</b> evil.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Exclude the <b>encroaching</b> cattle from thy ground.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To intrude; trench; infringe; invade; trespass.</syn>

<h1>Encroach</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*croach"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Encroachment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Encroacher</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*croach"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who by gradual steps enters on, and takes possession of, what is not his own.</def>

<h1>Encroachingly</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*croach"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of encroachment.</def>

<h1>Encroachment</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*croach"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of entering gradually or silently upon the rights or possessions of another; unlawful intrusion.</def>

<blockquote>An unconstitutional <b>encroachment</b> of military power on the civil establishment.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is taken by encroaching on another.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An unlawful diminution of the possessions of another.</def>

<h1>Encrust</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*crust"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To incrust. See <er>Incrust</er>.</def>

<h1>Encrustment</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*crust"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is formed as a crust; incrustment; incrustation.</def>

<blockquote>Disengaging truth from its <b>encrustment</b> of error.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Encumber</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*cum"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Encumbered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Encumbering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>encombrer</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + OF. <ets>combrer</ets> to hinder. See <er>Cumber</er>, and cf. <er>Incumber</er>.]</ety> <def</def>><altsp>[Written also <asp>incumber</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To impede the motion or action of, as with a burden; to retard with something superfluous; to weigh down; to obstruct or embarrass; <as>as, his movements were <ex>encumbered</ex> by his mantle; his mind is <ex>encumbered</ex> with useless learning.</as></def>

<blockquote>Not <b>encumbered</b> with any notable inconvenience.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To load with debts, or other legal claims; <as>as, to <ex>encumber</ex> an estate with mortgages</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To load; clog; oppress; overload; embarrass; perplex; hinder; retard; obstruct; check; block.</syn>

<h1>Encumberment</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*cum"ber*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>encombrement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Encumbrance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Encumbrance</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*cum"brance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>encombrance</ets>. Cf. <er>Incumbrance</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which encumbers; a burden which impedes action, or renders it difficult and laborious; a clog; an impediment. See <er>Incumbrance</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Incumbrance</er>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Burden; clog; impediment; check; hindrance.</syn>

<h1>Encumbrancer</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*cum"bran*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Incumbrancer</er>.</def>

<h1>Encurtain</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>En*cur"tain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inclose with curtains.</def>

<h1>-ency</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw>-en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>-entia</ets>.]</ety> <def>A noun suffix having much the same meaning as -<i>ence</i>, but more commonly signifying the <i>quality</i> or <i>state</i>; <as>as, emerg<ex>ency</ex>, effici<ex>ency</ex></as>. See <er>-ancy</er>.</def>

<h1>Encyclic, Encyclical</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw><hw>En*cyc"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En*cyc"li*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>encyclios</ets> of a circle, general, Gr. <?/; <?/ in + <?/ circle: cf. F. <ets>encyclique</ets>. See <er>Cycle</er>.]</ety> <def>Sent to many persons or places; intended for many, or for a whole order of men; general; circular; <as>as, an <ex>encyclical</ex> letter of a council, of a bishop, or the pope</as>.</def>

<h1>Encyclic, Encyclical</h1>
<Xpage=489>

<hw><hw>En*cyc"lic</hw>, <hw>En*cyc"li*cal</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>An encyclical letter, esp. one from a pope.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Encyclopedia, Encyclop\'91dia</h1>
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<hw><hw>En*cy`clo*pe"di*a</hw>, <hw>En*cy`clo*p\'91"di*a</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, for <?/ <?/, instruction in the circle of arts and sciences: cf. F. <ets>encyclop\'82die</ets>. See <er>Cyclopedia</er>, and <er>Encyclical</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written <asp>encyclop\'91dy</asp> and <asp>encyclopedy</asp>.]</altsp> <def>The circle of arts and sciences; a comprehensive summary of knowledge, or of a branch of knowledge; esp., a work in which the various branches of science or art are discussed separately, and usually in alphabetical order; a cyclopedia.</def>

<h1>Encyclopediacal</h1>
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<hw>En*cy`clo*pe*di"a*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Encyclopedic.</def>

<h1>Encyclopedian</h1>
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<hw>En*cy`clo*pe"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Embracing the whole circle of learning, or a wide range of subjects.</def>

<h1>Encyclopedic, Encyclopedical</h1>
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<hw><hw>En*cy`clo*ped"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En*cy`clo*ped"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>encyclop\'82dique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, an encyclopedia; embracing a wide range of subjects.</def>

<h1>Encyclopedism</h1>
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<hw>En*cy`clo*pe"dism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of writing or compiling encyclopedias; also, possession of the whole range of knowledge; encyclopedic learning.</def>

<h1>Encyclopedist</h1>
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<hw>En*cy`clo*pe"dist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>encyclop\'82diste</ets>.]</ety> <def>The compiler of an encyclopedia, or one who assists in such compilation; also, one whose knowledge embraces the whole range of the sciences.</def>

<cs><col>The Encyclopedists</col>, <cd>the writers of the great French encyclopedia which appeared in 1751-1772. The editors were Diderot and D'Alembert. Among the contributors were Voltaire and Rousseau.</cd></cs>

<h1>Encyst</h1>
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<hw>En*cyst"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inclose in a cyst.</def>

<h1>Encystation</h1>
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<hw>En`cys*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Encystment.</def>

<h1>Encysted</h1>
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<hw>En*cyst"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclosed in a cyst, or a sac, bladder, or vesicle; <as>as, an <ex>encysted</ex> tumor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The encysted venom, or poison bag, beneath the adder's fang.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Encystment</h1>
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<hw>En*cyst"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A process which, among some of the lower forms of life, precedes reproduction by budding, fission, spore formation, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; The animal (<it>a</it>) first contracts its body to a globular mass (<it>b</it>) and then secretes a transparent cyst (<it>c</it>), after which the mass divides into two or more parts (as in <it>d e</it>), each of which attains freedom by the bursting of the cyst, and becomes an individual animal.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A process by which many internal parasites, esp. in their larval states, become inclosed within a cyst in the muscles, liver, etc. See <er>Trichina</er>.</def>

<h1>End</h1>
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<hw>End</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. &  AS. <ets>ende</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>endi</ets>, D. <ets>einde</ets>, <ets>eind</ets>, OHG. <ets>enti</ets>, G. <ets>ende</ets>, Icel. <ets>endir</ets>, <ets>endi</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'84nde</ets>, Dan. <ets>ende</ets>, Goth. <ets>andeis</ets>, Skr. <ets>anta</ets>. <?/<?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Ante-</er>, <er>Anti-</er>, <er>Answer</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The extreme or last point or part of any material thing considered lengthwise (the extremity of breadth being <i>side</i>); hence, extremity, in general; the concluding part; termination; close; limit; <as>as, the <ex>end</ex> of a field, line, pole, road; the <ex>end</ex> of a year, of a discourse; put an <ex>end</ex> to pain</as>; -- opposed to <ant>beginning</ant>, when used of anything having a first part.</def>

<blockquote>Better is the <b>end</b> of a thing than the beginning thereof.
<i>Eccl. vii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Point beyond which no procession can be made; conclusion; issue; result, whether successful or otherwise; conclusive event; consequence.</def>

<blockquote>My guilt be on my head, and there an <b>end</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O that a man might know
The <b>end</b> of this day's business ere it come!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Termination of being; death; destruction; extermination; also, cause of death or destruction.</def>

<blockquote>Unblamed through life, lamented in thy <b>end</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Confound your hidden falsehood, and award
Either of you to be the other's <b>end</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I shall see an <b>end</b> of him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The object aimed at in any effort considered as the close and effect of exertion; ppurpose; intention; aim; <as>as, to labor for private or public <ex>ends</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Losing her, the <b>end</b> of living lose.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When every man is his own <b>end</b>, all things will come to a bad end.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which is left; a remnant; a fragment; a scrap; <as>as, odds and <ex>ends</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>I clothe my naked villainy
With old odd <b>ends</b> stolen out of holy writ,
And seem a saint, when most I play the devil.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Carpet Manuf.)</fld> <def>One of the yarns of the worsted warp in a Brussels carpet.</def>

<hr>
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Page 490<p>

<cs><col>An end</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>On end; upright; erect; endways. <i>Spenser</i></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To the end; continuously. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Richardson</i>.</cd> -- <col>End bulb</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one of the bulblike bodies in which some sensory nerve fibers end in certain parts of the skin and mucous membranes; -- also called <i>end corpuscles<i>.</cd> -- <col>End fly</col>, <cd>a bobfly.</cd> -- <col>End for end</col>, <cd>one end for the other; in reversed order.</cd> -- <col>End man</col>, <cd>the last man in a row; one of the two men at the extremities of a line of minstrels.</cd> -- <col>End on</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>bow foremost.</cd> -- <col>End organ</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the structure in which a nerve fiber ends, either peripherally or centrally.</cd> -- <col>End plate</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one of the flat expansions in which motor nerve fibers terminate on muscular fibers.</cd> -- <col>End play</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>movement endwise, or room for such movement.</cd> -- <col>End stone</col> <fld>(Horol.)</fld>, <cd>one of the two plates of a jewel in a timepiece; the part that limits the pivot's end play.</cd> -- <col>Ends of the earth</col>, <cd>the remotest regions of the earth.</cd> -- <col>In the end</col>, <cd>finally. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>On end</col>, <cd>upright; erect.</cd> -- <col>To the end</col>, <cd>in order. <i>Bacon</i>.</cd> -- <col>To make both ends meet</col>, <cd>to live within one's income. <i>Fuller</i>.</cd> -- <col>To put an end to</col>, <cd>to destroy.</cd></cs>

<h1>End</h1>
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<hw>End</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ending</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring to an end or conclusion; to finish; to close; to terminate; <as>as, to <ex>end</ex> a speech</as>.</def> "I shall <i>end</i> this strife."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>On the seventh day God <b>ended</b> his work.
<i>Gen. ii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form or be at the end of; <as>as, the letter <ex>k ends</ex> the word <ex>back</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To destroy; to put to death.</def> "This sword hath <i>ended</i> him."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>To end up</col>, <cd>to lift or tilt, so as to set on end; as, <i>to end up<i> a hogshead.</cd></cs>

<h1>End</h1>
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<hw>End</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To come to the ultimate point; to be finished; to come to a close; to cease; to terminate; <as>as, a voyage <ex>ends</ex>; life <ex>ends</ex>; winter <ex>ends</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Endable</h1>
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<hw>End"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be ended; terminable.</def>

<h1>Endall</h1>
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<hw>End"*all`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Complete termination.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>That but this blow
Might be the be-all and the <b>end-all</b> here.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Endamage</h1>
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<hw>En*dam"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Endamaged</er> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Endamaging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>damage</ets>: cf. F. <ets>endommager</ets>.]</ety> <def>To bring loss or damage to; to harm; to injure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The trial hath <b>endamaged</b> thee no way.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Endamageable</h1>
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<hw>En*dam"age*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being damaged, or injured; damageable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Endamagement</h1>
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<hw>En*dam"age*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>endommagement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Damage; injury; harm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Endamnify</h1>
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<hw>En*dam"ni*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To damnify; to injure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Endanger</h1>
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<hw>En*dan"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Endangered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Endangering</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To put to hazard; to bring into danger or peril; to expose to loss or injury; <as>as, to <ex>endanger</ex> life or peace</as>.</def>

<blockquote>All the other difficulties of his reign only exercised without <b>endangering</b> him.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To incur the hazard of; to risk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He that turneth the humors back . . . <b>endangereth</b> malign ulcers.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Endangerment</h1>
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<hw>En*dan"ger*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hazard; peril.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Endark</h1>
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<hw>En*dark"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To darken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Endaspidean</h1>
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<hw>En`das*pid"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>End</ets>o-</ets> + <ets>Gr. <?/, <?/, a shield.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the anterior scutes extending around the tarsus on the inner side; -- said of certain birds.</def>

<h1>Endazzle</h1>
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<hw>En*daz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dazzle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Endazzled</i> eyes."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Endear</h1>
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<hw>En*dear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Endeared</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Endearing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make dear or beloved.</def> "To be <i>endeared</i> to a king."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To raise the price or cost of; to make costly or expensive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>King James I. (1618).</i>

<h1>Endearedly</h1>
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<hw>En*dear"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With affection or endearment; dearly.</def>

<h1>Endearedness</h1>
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<hw>En*dear"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being endeared.</def>

<h1>Endearing</h1>
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<hw>En*dear"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making dear or beloved; causing love.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>En*dear"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Endearment</h1>
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<hw>En*dear"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of endearing or the state of being endeared; also, that which manifests, excites, or increases, affection.</def> "The great <i>endearments</i> of prudent and temperate speech."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>Her first <b>endearments</b> twining round the soul.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Endeavor</h1>
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<hw>En*deav"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Endeavored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Endeavoring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>endevor</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>dever</ets>, <ets>devoir</ets>, duty, F. <ets>devoir</ets>: cf. F. <ets>se mettre en devoir de faire quelque chose</ets> to try to do a thing, to go about it. See <er>Devoir</er>, <er>Debt</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>endeavour</asp>.]</altsp> <def>To exert physical or intellectual strength for the attainment of; to use efforts to effect; to strive to achieve or reach; to try; to attempt.</def>

<blockquote>It is our duty to <b>endeavor</b> the recovery of these beneficial subjects.
<i>Ld. Chatham.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To endeavor one's self</col>, <cd>to exert one's self strenuously to the fulfillment of a duty. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A just man that <i>endeavoreth himself<i> to leave all wickedness."</cd></cs>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Endeavor</h1>
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<hw>En*deav"or</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To exert one's self; to work for a certain end.</def>

<blockquote>And such were praised who but <b>endeavored</b> well.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>Usually with an infinitive; as, to <i>endeavor</i> to outstrip an antagonist.

<blockquote>He had . . . <b>endeavored</b> earnestly to do his duty.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote></note>

<syn>Syn. -- To attempt; try; strive; struggle; essay; aim; seek.</syn>

<h1>Endeavor</h1>
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<hw>En*deav"or</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>endeavour</ets>.]</ety> <def>An exertion of physical or intellectual strength toward the attainment of an object; a systematic or continuous attempt; an effort; a trial.</def>

<blockquote>To employ all my <b>endeavor</b> to obey you.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To do one's endeavor</col>, <cd>to do one's duty; to put forth strenuous efforts to attain an object; -- a phrase derived from the Middle English phrase "to do one's <i>dever<i>" (duty). "Mr. Prynne proceeded to show he <i>had done endeavor<i> to prepare his answer."</cd></cs>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Essay; trial; effort; exertion. See <er>Attempt</er>.</syn>

<h1>Endeavorer</h1>
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<hw>En*deav"or*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes an effort or attempt.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>endeavourer</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Endeavorment</h1>
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<hw>En*deav"or*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of endeavoring; endeavor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Endecagon</h1>
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<hw>En*dec"a*gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hendecagon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A plane figure of eleven sides and angles.</def>

<h1>Endecagynous</h1>
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<hw>En`de*cag"y*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ eleven + <?/ female.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having eleven pistils; <as>as, an <ex>endecagynous</ex> flower</as>.</def>

<h1>Endecane</h1>
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<hw>En"de*cane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ eleven.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the higher hydrocarbons of the paraffin series, <chform>C11H24</chform>, found as a constituent of petroleum.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hendecane</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Endecaphyllous</h1>
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<hw>En`de*caph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ eleven + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Composed of eleven leaflets; -- said of a leaf.</def>

<h1>Endeictic</h1>
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<hw>En*deic"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to point out, show; <?/ in + <?/ to show.]</ety> <def>Serving to show or exhibit; <as>as, an <ex>endeictic</ex> dialogue, in the Platonic philosophy, is one which exhibits a specimen of skill</as>.</def>

<i>Enfield.</i>

<h1>Endeixis</h1>
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<hw>En*deix"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ indication. See <er>Endeictic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An indication.</def>

<h1>Endemial</h1>
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<hw>En*de"mi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Endemic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Endemic, Endemical</h1>
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<hw><hw>En*de"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En*de"mic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ + <?/ the people: cf. F. <ets>end\'82mique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Peculiar to a district or particular locality, or class of persons; <as>as, an <ex>endemic</ex> disease</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; An <i>endemic disease</i> is one which is constantly present to a greater or less degree in any place, as distinguished from an <i>epidemic disease</i>, which prevails widely at some one time, or periodically, and from a <i>sporadic disease</i>, of which a few instances occur now and then.</note>

<h1>Endemic</h1>
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<hw>En*dem"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An endemic disease.</def>

<blockquote>Fear, which is an <b>endemic</b> latent in every human heart, sometimes rises into an epidemic.
<i>J. B. Heard.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Endemically</h1>
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<hw>En*dem"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an endemic manner.</def>

<h1>Endemiology</h1>
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<hw>En*dem`i*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science which treats of endemic affections.</def>

<h1>Endenization</h1>
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<hw>En*den`i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of naturalizing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Endenize</h1>
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<hw>En*den"ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To endenizen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Endenizen</h1>
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<hw>En*den"i*zen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>denizen</ets>. Cf. <er>Indenizen</er>.]</ety> <def>To admit to the privileges of a denizen; to naturalize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Ender</h1>
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<hw>End"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, makes an end of something; <as>as, the <ex>ender</ex> of my life</as>.</def>

<h1>Endermatic</h1>
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<hw>En`der*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Endermic.</def>

<h1>Endermic</h1>
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<hw>En*der"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ in + <?/ skin.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Acting through the skin, or by direct application to the skin.</def>

<cs><col>Endermic method</col>, <cd>that in which the medicine enters the system through the skin, being applied either to the sound skin, or to the surface denuded of the cuticle by a blister.</cd></cs>

<h1>Endermically</h1>
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<hw>En*der"mic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By the endermic method; <as>as, applied <ex>endermically</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Enderon</h1>
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<hw>En"de*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ in + <?/ skin.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The deep sensitive and vascular layer of the skin and mucous membranes.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>En`de*ron"ic</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Endiademed</h1>
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<hw>En*di"a*demed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Diademed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Endiaper</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En*di"a*per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Diaper</er>.]</ety> <def>To decorate with a diaper pattern.</def>

<h1>Endict</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En*dict"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Indict</er>.</def>

<h1>Endictment</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En*dict"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Indictment</er>.</def>

<h1>Ending</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>End"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Termination; concluding part; result; conclusion; destruction; death.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The final syllable or letter of a word; the part joined to the stem. See 3d <er>Case</er>, 5.</def>

<cs><col>Ending day</col>, <cd>day of death.</cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Endite</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En*dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Indite</er>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Endive</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En"dive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>endive</ets> (cf. Pr., Sp. Pg.,  & It. <ets>endivia</ets>), fr. a deriv. of L. <ets>intibus</ets>, <ets>intybus</ets>, endive.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A composite herb (<spn>Cichorium Endivia</spn>). Its finely divided and much curled leaves, when blanched, are used for salad.</def>

<cs><col>Wild endive</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>chicory or succory.</cd></cs>

<h1>Endless</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>End"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>endele\'a0s</ets>. See <er>End</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Without end; having no end or conclusion; perpetual; interminable; -- applied to length, and to duration; <as>as, an <ex>endless</ex> line; <ex>endless</ex> time; <ex>endless</ex> bliss; <ex>endless</ex> praise; <ex>endless</ex> clamor.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Infinite; excessive; unlimited.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Without profitable end; fruitless; unsatisfying.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "All loves are <i>endless</i>."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Void of design; objectless; <as>as, an <ex>endless</ex> pursuit</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Endless chain</col>, <cd>a chain which is made continuous by uniting its two ends.</cd> -- <col>Endless screw</col>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Screw</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Eternal; everlasting; interminable; infinite; unlimited; incessant; perpetual; uninterrupted; continual; unceasing; unending; boundless; undying; imperishable.</syn>

<h1>Endlessly</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>End"less*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an endless manner.</def>

<h1>Endlessness</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>End"less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>endele\'a0snys</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being endless; perpetuity.</def>

<h1>Endlong</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>End"long`</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>adv. & prep.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Along</er>.]</ety> <def>Lengthwise; along.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The doors were all of adamants eterne,
I-clenched overthwart and <b>endelong</b>
With iron tough.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He pricketh <b>endelong</b> the large space.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To thrust the raft <b>endlong</b> across the moat.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Endmost</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>End"most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Farthest; remotest; at the very end.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<h1>Endo-, End-</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw><hw>En"do-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>End-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ within, fr. <?/ in. See <er>In</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form signifying <i>within</i>; <as>as, <ex>endo</ex>carp, <ex>endo</ex>gen, <ex>endo</ex>cuneiform, <ex>end</ex>aspidean</as>.</def>

<h1>Endoblast</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En"do*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Entoblast; endoplast. See <er>Nucleus</er>,</def>

<h1>Endoblastic</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En`do*blas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to the endoblast; <as>as, the <ex>endoblastic</ex> layer</as>.</def>

<h1>Endocardiac, Endocardial</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw><hw>En`do*car"di*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En`do*car"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the endocardium.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Seated or generated within the heart; <as>as, <ex>endocardial</ex> murmurs</as>.</def>

<h1>Endocarditis</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En`do*car*di"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the endocardium.</def>

<h1>Endocardium</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En`do*car"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ within + <?/ heart.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The membrane lining the cavities of the heart.</def>

<h1>Endocarp</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En"do*carp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit: cf. F. <ets>endocarpe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The inner layer of a ripened or fructified ovary.</def>

<h1>Endochondral</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En`do*chon"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ cartilage.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Growing or developing within cartilage; -- applied esp. to developing bone.</def>

<h1>Endochrome</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En"do*chrome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The coloring matter within the cells of plants, whether green, red, yellow, or any other color.</def>

<h1>Endoctrine</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En*doc"trine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>doctrine</ets>.]</ety> <def>To teach; to indoctrinate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Endocyst</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En"do*cyst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ bladder, a bag.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The inner layer of the cells of Bryozoa.</def>

<h1>Endoderm</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En"do*derm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ skin.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The inner layer of the skin or integument of an animal</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The innermost layer of the blastoderm and the structures derived from it; the hypoblast; the entoblast. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Ectoderm</er>.</def>

<h1>Endodermal, Endodermic</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw><hw>En`do*der"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En`do*der"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the endoderm.</def>

<h1>Endodermis</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En`do*der"mis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Endoderm</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A layer of cells forming a kind of cuticle inside of the proper cortical layer, or surrounding an individual fibrovascular bundle.</def>

<h1>Endogamous</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En*dog"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ marriage.]</ety> <def>Marrying within the same tribe; -- opposed to <i>exogamous</i>.</def>

<h1>Endogamy</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En*dog"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Marriage only within the tribe; a custom restricting a man in his choice of a wife to the tribe to which he belongs; -- opposed to <i>exogamy</i>.</def>

<h1>Endogen</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En"do*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>: cf. F. <ets>endog\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant which increases in size by internal growth and elongation at the summit, having the wood in the form of bundles or threads, irregularly distributed throughout the whole diameter, not forming annual layers, and with no distinct pith. The leaves of the endogens have, usually, parallel veins, their flowers are mostly in three, or some multiple of three, parts, and their embryos have but a single cotyledon, with the first leaves alternate. The endogens constitute one of the great primary classes of plants, and included all palms, true lilies, grasses, rushes, orchids, the banana, pineapple, etc. See <er>Exogen</er>.</def>

<h1>Endogenesis</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En`do*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Endogeny.</def>

<h1>Endogenetic</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En`do*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Endogenous.</def>

<h1>Endogenous</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En*dog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Increasing by internal growth and elongation at the summit, instead of externally, and having no distinction of pith, wood, and bark, as the rattan, the palm, the cornstalk.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Originating from within; increasing by internal growth.</def>

<cs><col>Endogenous multiplication</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>a method of cell formation, seen in cells having a cell wall. The nucleus and protoplasm divide into two distinct masses; these in turn become divided and subdivided, each division becoming a new cell, until finally the original cell wall is ruptured and the new cells are liberated (see <er>Segmentation</er>, and <i>Illust<i>. of <i>Cell Division<i>, under <er>Division</er>). This mode of growth is characteristic of many forms of cells, both animal and vegetable.</cd></cs>

<h1>Endogenously</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En*dog"e*nous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By endogenous growth.</def>

<h1>Endogeny</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En*dog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Endogenesis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Growth from within; multiplication of cells by endogenous division, as in the development of one or more cells in the interior of a parent cell.</def>

<h1>Endognath</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En"dog*nath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The inner or principal branch of the oral appendages of Crustacea. See <er>Maxilla</er>.</def>

<h1>Endognathal</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En*dog"na*thal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the endognath.</def>

<h1>Endolymph</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En"do*lymph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + <ets>lymph</ets>: cf. F. <ets>endolymphe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The watery fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear.</def>

<h1>Endolymphangial</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En"do*lym*phan"gi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + <ets>lymphangial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Within a lymphatic vessel.</def>

<h1>Endolymphatic</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En"do*lym*phat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + <ets>lymphatic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, endolymph; <as>as, the <ex>endolymphatic</ex> duct</as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Within a lymphatic vessel; endolymphangial.</def>

<h1>Endome</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En*dome"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover as with a dome.</def>

<h1>Endometritis</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En`do*me*tri"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Endometrium</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the endometrium.</def>

<h1>Endometrium</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En`do*me"tri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ within + <?/ the womb.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The membrane lining the inner surface of the uterus, or womb.</def>

<h1>Endomorph</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En"do*morph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A crystal of one species inclosed within one of another, as one of rutile inclosed in quartz.</def>

<h1>Endomysium</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En`do*my"si*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ within + <?/ a muscle.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The delicate bands of connective tissue interspersed among muscular fibers.</def>

<h1>Endoneurium</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En`do*neu"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ within + <?/ a sinew, nerve.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The delicate bands of connective tissue among nerve fibers.</def>

<h1>Endoparasite</h1>
<Xpage=490>

<hw>En`do*par"a*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + <ets>parasite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any parasite which lives in the internal organs of an animal, as the tapeworms, Trichina, etc.; -- opposed to <i>ectoparasite</i>. See <er>Entozo\'94n</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>En`do*par`a*sit"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<hr>
<page="491">
Page 491<p>

<h1>Endophl</um</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En`do*phl<?/"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ within + <?/ bark.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The inner layer of the bark of trees.</def>

<h1>Endophragma</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En`do*phrag"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ a fence.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A chitinous structure above the nervous cord in the thorax of certain Crustacea.</def>

<h1>Endophragmal</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En`do*phrag"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the endophragma.</def>

<h1>Endophyllous</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En*doph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Wrapped up within a leaf or sheath.</def>

<h1>Endoplasm</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En"do*plasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ anything formed or molded.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The protoplasm in the interior of a cell.</def>

<h1>Endoplasma</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En`do*plas"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Endoplasm</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Entoplasm</er> and <er>Endosarc</er>.</def>

<h1>Endoplast</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En"do*plast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to form.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Nucleus</er>.</def>

<h1>Endoplastica</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En`do*plas"ti*ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/  within + <?/ plastic.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Rhizopoda having a distinct nucleus, as the am<?/ba.</def>

<h1>Endoplastule</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En`do*plas"tule</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A dim. fr. <ets>endo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to mold.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Nucleolus</er>.</def>

<h1>Endopleura</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En`do*pleu"ra</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/  within + <?/ rib, side. See <er>Pleura</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The inner coating of a seed. See <er>Tegmen</er>.</def>

<h1>Endopleurite</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En`do*pleu"rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a rib.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The portion of each apodeme developed from the interepimeral membrane in certain crustaceans.</def>

<h1>Endopodite</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En*dop"o*dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, a foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The internal or principal branch of the locomotive appendages of Crustacea. See <er>Maxilliped</er>.</def>

<h1>Endorhiza</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En`do*rhi"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Endorhiz\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/  within + <?/ root.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any monocotyledonous plant; -- so named because many monocotyledons have an endorhizal embryo.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Endorhiza</i> was proposed by Richard as a substitute for the term <i>endogen</i>, and <i>exorhiza</i> as a substitute for the term <i>exogen</i>; but they have not been generally adopted.</note>

<h1>Endorhizal, Endorhizous</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw><hw>En`do*rhi"zal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En`do*rhi"zous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the radicle of the embryo sheathed by the cotyledon, through which the embryo bursts in germination, as in many monocotyledonous plants.</def>

<h1>Endorse</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En*dorse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Endorsed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Endorsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Formerly <ets>endosse</ets>, fr. F. <ets>endosser</ets> to put on the back, to endorse; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>dos</ets> back, L. <ets>dorsum</ets>. See <er>Dorsal</er>, and cf. <er>Indorse</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Indorse</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; Both <i>endorse</i> and <i>indorse</i> are used by good writers; but the tendency is to the more general use of <i>indorse</i> and its derivatives <i>indorsee</i>, <i>indorser</i>, and <i>indorsement</i>.</note>

<h1>Endorse</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En*dorse"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A subordinary, resembling the pale, but of one fourth its width (according to some writers, one eighth).</def>

<h1>Endorsee</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En`dor*see"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Indorsee</er>.</def>

<h1>Endorsement</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En*dorse"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>endossement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Indorsement</er>.</def>

<h1>Endorser</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En*dors"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Indorser</er>.</def>

<h1>Endosarc</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En"do*sarc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, flesh.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The semifluid, granular interior of certain unicellular organisms, as the inner layer of sarcode in the am\'d2ba; entoplasm; endoplasta.</def>

<h1>Endoscope</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En"do*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument for examining the interior of the rectum, the urethra, and the bladder.</def>

<h1>Endoscopy</h1>
<Xpage=491>

<hw>En*dos"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The art or process of examining by means of the endoscope.</def>

<h1>Endoskeletal</h1>
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<hw>En`do*skel"e*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or connected with, the endoskeleton; <as>as, <ex>endoskeletal</ex> muscles</as>.</def>

<h1>Endoskeleton</h1>
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<hw>En`do*skel"e*ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + <ets>skeleton</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bony, cartilaginous, or other internal framework of an animal, as distinguished from the <i>exoskeleton</i>.</def>

<h1>Endosmometer</h1>
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<hw>En`dos*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endosmose</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the force or amount of endosmotic action.</def>

<h1>Endosmometric</h1>
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<hw>En*dos`mo*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or designed for, the measurement of endosmotic action.</def>

<h1>Endosmose, Endosmosis</h1>
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<hw><hw>En"dos*mose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En`dos*mo"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>endosmosis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ within + <?/ a thrusting, impulsion, fr. <?/ to push: cf. F. <ets>endosmose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The transmission of a fluid or gas from without inward in the phenomena, or by the process, of osmose.</def>

<h1>Endosmosmic</h1>
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<hw>En`dos*mos"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Endosmotic.</def>

<h1>Endosmotic</h1>
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<hw>En`dos*mot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to endosmose; of the nature endosmose; osmotic.</def>

<i>Carpenter.</i>

<h1>Endosperm</h1>
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<hw>En"do*sperm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The albumen of a seed; -- limited by recent writers to that formed within the embryo sac.</def>

<h1>Endospermic</h1>
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<hw>En`do*sper"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Relating to, accompanied by, or containing, endosperm.</def>

<h1>Endospore</h1>
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<hw>En"do*spore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The thin inner coat of certain spores.</def>

<h1>Endosporous</h1>
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<hw>En`do*spor"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the spores contained in a case; -- applied to fungi.</def>

<h1>Endoss</h1>
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<hw>En*doss"</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>endosser</ets>. See <er>Endorse</er>.]</ety> <def>To put upon the back or outside of anything; -- the older spelling of <i>endorse</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Endosteal</h1>
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<hw>En*dos"te*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Relating to endostosis; <as>as, <ex>endosteal</ex> ossification</as>.</def>

<h1>Endosternite</h1>
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<hw>En`do*ster"nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + <ets>sternum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The part of each apodeme derived from the intersternal membrane in Crustacea and insects.</def>

<h1>Endosteum</h1>
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<hw>En*dos"te*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ a bone.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The layer of vascular connective tissue lining the medullary cavities of bone.</def>

<h1>Endostoma</h1>
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<hw>En*dos"to*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/, <?/, the mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A plate which supports the labrum in certain Crustacea.</def>

<h1>Endostome</h1>
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<hw>En"do*stome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Endostoma</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The foramen or passage through the inner integument of an ovule.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>And endostoma.</def>

<h1>Endostosis</h1>
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<hw>En`dos*to"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Endo-</er>, and <er>Ostosis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A process of bone formation in which ossification takes place within the substance of the cartilage.</def>

<h1>Endostyle</h1>
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<hw>En"do*style</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a pillar.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fold of the endoderm, which projects into the blood cavity of ascidians. See <er>Tunicata</er>.</def>

<h1>Endotheca</h1>
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<hw>En`do*the"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ within + <?/ a case, box, fr. <?/ to place.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The tissue which partially fills the interior of the interseptal chambers of most madreporarian corals. It usually consists of a series of oblique tranverse septa, one above another.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>En`do*the"cal</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Endothecium</h1>
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<hw>En`do*the"ci*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Endotheca</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The inner lining of an another cell.</def>

<h1>Endothelial</h1>
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<hw>En`do*the"li*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of, or relating to, endothelium.</def>

<h1>Endothelium</h1>
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<hw>En`do*the"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Endothelia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ within + <?/ nipple.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The thin epithelium lining the blood vessels, lymphatics, and serous cavities. See <er>Epithelium</er>.</def>

<h1>Endotheloid</h1>
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<hw>En`do*the"loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endothelium</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Like endothelium.</def>

<h1>Endothorax</h1>
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<hw>En`do*tho"rax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Endo-</ets> + <ets>thorax</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An internal process of the sternal plates in the thorax of insects.</def>

<h1>Endow</h1>
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<hw>En*dow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Endowed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Endowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>endouer</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + F. <ets>douer</ets> to endow, L. <ets>dotare</ets>. See <er>Dower</er>, and cf. 2d <er>Endue</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish with money or its equivalent, as a permanent fund for support; to make pecuniary provision for; to settle an income upon; especially, to furnish with dower; <as>as, to <ex>endow</ex> a wife; to <ex>endow</ex> a public institution.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Endowing</b> hospitals and almshouses.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enrich or furnish with anything of the nature of a gift (as a quality or faculty); -- followed by <i>with</i>, rarely by <i>of</i>; <as>as, man is <ex>endowed</ex> by his Maker with reason; to <ex>endow</ex> with privileges or benefits.</as></def>

<h1>Endower</h1>
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<hw>En*dow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>endouairer</ets>. See <er>Dower</er>, <er>Endow</er>.]</ety> <def>To endow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Waterhouse.</i>

<h1>Endower</h1>
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<hw>En*dow"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who endows.</def>

<h1>Endowment</h1>
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<hw>En*dow"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of bestowing a dower, fund, or permanent provision for support.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is bestowed or settled on a person or an institution; property, fund, or revenue permanently appropriated to any object; <as>as, the <ex>endowment</ex> of a church, a hospital, or a college</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is given or bestowed upon the person or mind; gift of nature; accomplishment; natural capacity; talents; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>His early <b>endowments</b> had fitted him for the work he was to do.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Endozoa</h1>
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<hw>En`do*zo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ within + <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Entozoa</er>.</def>

<h1>Endrudge</h1>
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<hw>En*drudge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>drudge</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make a drudge or slave of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Endue</h1>
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<hw>En*due"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Endued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enduing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>induere</ets>, prob. confused with E. <ets>endow</ets>. See <er>Indue</er>.]</ety> <def>To invest.</def>

<i>Latham.</i>

<blockquote>Tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem, until ye be <b>endued</b> with power from on high.
<i>Luke xxiv. 49.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Endue</b> them . . .  with heavenly gifts.
<i>Book of Common Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Endue</h1>
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<hw>En*due"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>An older spelling of <er>Endow</er>.</def>

<i>Tillotson</i>.

<h1>Enduement</h1>
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<hw>En*due"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of enduing; induement.</def>

<h1>Endurable</h1>
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<hw>En*dur"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>endurable</ets>. See <er>Endure</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being endured or borne; sufferable.</def> <i>Macaulay</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>En*dur"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Endurably</h1>
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<hw>En*dur"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an endurable manner.</def>

<h1>Endurance</h1>
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<hw>En*dur"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>endurance</ets>. See <er>Endure</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A state or quality of lasting or duration; lastingness; continuance.</def>

<blockquote>Slurring with an evasive answer the question concerning the <b>endurance</b> of his own possession.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of bearing or suffering; a continuing under pain or distress without resistance, or without being overcome; sufferance; patience.</def>

<blockquote>Their fortitude was most admirable in their patience and <b>endurance</b> of all evils, of pain and of death.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Suffering; patience; fortitude; resignation.</syn>

<h1>Endurant</h1>
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<hw>En*dur"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of enduring fatigue, pain, hunger, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The ibex is a remarkably <b>endurant</b> animal.
<i>J. G. Wood.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Endure</h1>
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<hw>En*dure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Endured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enduring</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>endurer</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>durer</ets> to last. See <er>Dure</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and cf. <er>Indurate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To continue in the same state without perishing; to last; to remain.</def>

<blockquote>Their verdure still <b>endure</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He shall hold it [his house] fast, but it shall not <b>endure</b>.
<i>Job viii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To remain firm, as under trial or suffering; to suffer patiently or without yielding; to bear up under adversity; to hold out.</def>

<blockquote>Can thine heart <b>endure</b>, or can thine hands be strong in the days that I shall deal with thee?
<i>Ezek. xxii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Endure</h1>
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<hw>En*dure"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To remain firm under; to sustain; to undergo; to support without breaking or yielding; <as>as, metals <ex>endure</ex> a certain degree of heat without melting; to <ex>endure</ex> wind and weather.</as></def>

<blockquote>Both were of shining steel, and wrought so pure,
As might the strokes of two such arms <b>endure</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bear with patience; to suffer without opposition or without sinking under the pressure or affliction; to bear up under; to put up with; to tolerate.</def>

<blockquote>I will no longer <b>endure</b> it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Therefore I <b>endure</b> all things for the elect's sake.
<i>2 Tim. ii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How can I <b>endure</b> to see the evil that shall come unto my people?
<i>Esther viii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To harden; to toughen; to make hardy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Manly limbs <b>endured</b> with little ease.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To last; remain; continue; abide; brook; submit to; suffer.</syn>

<h1>Endurement</h1>
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<hw>En*dure"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>endurement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Endurance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Endurer</h1>
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<hw>En*dur"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, endures or lasts; one who bears, suffers, or sustains.</def>

<h1>Enduring</h1>
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<hw>En*dur"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lasting; durable; long-suffering; <as>as, an <ex>enduring</ex> disposition</as>.</def> "A better and <i>enduring</i> substance." <i>Heb. x. 34</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>En*dur"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <i>T. Arnold</i>. -- <wf>En*dur"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Endways, Endwise</h1>
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<hw><hw>End"ways`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>End"wise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>On end; erectly; in an upright position.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With the end forward.</def>

<h1>Endyma</h1>
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<hw>En"dy*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a garment.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ependyma</er>.</def>

<h1>Endysis</h1>
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<hw>En"dy*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Endyses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a putting on, fr. <?/ to put on.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The act of developing a new coat of hair, a new set of feathers, scales, etc.; -- opposed to <i>ecdysis</i>.</def>

<h1>Enecate</h1>
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<hw>En"e*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>enecatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>enecare</ets>; <ets>e</ets> out, utterly + <ets>necare</ets> to kill.]</ety> <def>To kill off; to destroy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Eneid</h1>
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<hw>E*ne"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>\'92neid</er>.</def>

<h1>Enema</h1>
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<hw>En"e*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Enemata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>enema</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to send in; <?/ in + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An injection, or clyster, thrown into the rectum as a medicine, or to impart nourishment.</def>

<i>Hoblyn.</i>

<h1>Enemy</h1>
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<hw>En"e*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Enemies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OF. <ets>enemi</ets>, F. <ets>ennemi</ets>, from L. <ets>inimicus</ets>; <ets>in-</ets> (negative) + <ets>amicus</ets> friend. See <er>Amicable</er>.]</ety> <def>One hostile to another; one who hates, and desires or attempts the injury of, another; a foe; an adversary; <as>as, an <ex>enemy</ex> of or to a person; an <ex>enemy</ex> to truth, or to falsehood.</as></def>

<blockquote>To all good he <b>enemy</b> was still.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I say unto you, Love your <b>enemies</b>.
<i>Matt. v. 44.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The enemy</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the hostile force. In this sense it is construed with the verb and pronoun either in the singular or the plural, but more commonly in the singular; as, we have met <i>the enemy<i> and <i>he is<i> ours or <i>they are<i> ours.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>It was difficult in such a country to track <b>the enemy</b>. It was impossible to drive him to bay.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Foe; antagonist; opponent. See <er>Adversary</er>.</syn>

<h1>Enemy</h1>
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<hw>En"e*my</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hostile; inimical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They . . . every day grow more <b>enemy</b> to God.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enepidermic</h1>
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<hw>En*ep`i*der"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> (Gr. <?/) + <ets>epidermic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Applied to the skin without friction; -- said of medicines.</def>

<h1>Energetic, Energetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>En`er*get"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En`er*get"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to work, be active, fr. <?/ active. See <er>Energy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having energy or energies; possessing a capacity for vigorous action or for exerting force; active.</def> "A Being eternally <i>energetic</i>."

<i>Grew.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exhibiting energy; operating with force, vigor, and effect; forcible; powerful; efficacious; <as>as, <ex>energetic</ex> measures; <ex>energetic</ex> laws.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Forcible; powerful; efficacious; potent; vigorous; effective; strenuous.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>En`er*get"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>En`er*get"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Energetics</h1>
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<hw>En`er*get"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That branch of science which treats of the laws governing the physical or mechanical, in distinction from the vital, forces, and which comprehends the consideration and general investigation of the whole range of the forces concerned in physical phenomena.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Energic, Energical</h1>
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<hw><hw>En*er"gic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En*er"gic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82nergique</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In a state of action; acting; operating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having energy or great power; energetic.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>energic</b> faculty that we call will.
<i>Blackw. Mag.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Energize</h1>
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<hw>En"er*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Energized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Energizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Energy</er>.]</ety> <def>To use strength in action; to act or operate with force or vigor; to act in producing an effect.</def>

<blockquote>Of all men it is true that they feel and <b>energize</b> first, they reflect and judge afterwards.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Energize</h1>
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<hw>En"er*gize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give strength or force to; to make active; to alacrify; <as>as, to <ex>energize</ex> the will</as>.</def>

<h1>Energizer</h1>
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<hw>En"er*gi`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, gives energy, or acts in producing an effect.</def>

<h1>Energizing</h1>
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<hw>En"er*gi`zing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of imparting or exercising energy.</def>

<blockquote>Those nobler exercises of <b>energizing</b> love.
<i>Bp. Horsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Energumen</h1>
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<hw>En`er*gu"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>energumenos</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ possessed by an evil spirit, from <?/: cf. F. <ets>\'82nergum\'8ane</ets>. See <er>Energetic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Antiq.)</fld> <def>One possessed by an evil spirit; a demoniac.</def>

<h1>Energy</h1>
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<hw>En"er*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Energies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>\'82nergie</ets>, LL. <ets>energia</ets>, fr. Gr.<?/, fr. <?/ active; <?/ in + <?/ work. See <er>In</er>, and <er>Work</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Internal or inherent power; capacity of acting, operating, or producing an effect, whether exerted or not; <as>as, men possessing <ex>energies</ex> may suffer them to lie inactive</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The great <b>energies</b> of nature are known to us only by their effects.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Power efficiently and forcibly exerted; vigorous or effectual operation; <as>as, the <ex>energy</ex> of a magistrate</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Strength of expression; force of utterance; power to impress the mind and arouse the feelings; life; spirit; -- said of speech, language, words, style; <as>as, a style full of <ex>energy</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Capacity for performing work.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>kinetic energy</i> of a body is the energy it has in virtue of being in motion. It is measured by one half of the product of the mass of each element of the body multiplied by the square of the velocity of the element, relative to some given body or point. The <i>available kinetic energy</i> of a material system unconnected with any other system is that energy which is due to the motions of the parts of the system relative to its center of mass. The <i>potential energy</i> of a body or system is that energy which is not kinetic; -- energy due to configuration. <i>Kinetic energy</i> is sometimes called <i>actual energy</i>. <i>Kinetic energy</i> is exemplified in the <i>vis viva</i> of moving bodies, in heat, electric currents, etc.; <i>potential energy</i>, in a bent spring, or a body suspended a given distance above the earth and acted on by gravity.</note>

<hr>
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Page 492<p>

<cs><mcol><col>Accumulation</col>, <col>Conservation</col>, <col>Correlation</col>, &and; <col>Degradation of energy</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. <fld>(Physics)</fld> See under <er>Accumulation</er>, <er>Conservation</er>, <er>Correlation</er>, etc.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Force; power; potency; vigor; strength; spirit; efficiency; resolution.</syn>

<h1>Enervate</h1>
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<hw>E*ner"vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enervated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enervating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>enervatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>enervare</ets>, fr. <ets>enervis</ets> nerveless, weak; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>nervus</ets> nerve. See <er>Nerve</er>.]</ety> <def>To deprive of nerve, force, strength, or courage; to render feeble or impotent; to make effeminate; to impair the moral powers of.</def>

<blockquote>A man . . . <b>enervated</b> by licentiousness.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And rhyme began t' <b>enervate</b> poetry.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To weaken; enfeeble; unnerve; debilitate.</syn>

<h1>Enervate</h1>
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<hw>E*ner"vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>enervatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Weakened; weak; without strength of force.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Enervation</h1>
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<hw>En`er*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>enervatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82nervation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of weakening, or reducing strength.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being weakened; effeminacy.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Enervative</h1>
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<hw>E*ner"va*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power, or a tendency, to enervate; weakening.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Enerve</h1>
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<hw>E*nerve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82nerver</ets>. See <er>Enervate</er>.]</ety> <def>To weaken; to enervate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Enervous</h1>
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<hw>E*nerv"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>enervis</ets>, <ets>enervus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lacking nerve or force; enervated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Enfamish</h1>
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<hw>En*fam"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To famish; to starve.</def>

<h1>Enfect</h1>
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<hw>En*fect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Infect</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Contaminated with illegality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Enfeeble</h1>
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<hw>En*fee"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enfeebled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enfeebling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>enfeblir</ets>, <ets>enfeiblir</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>feble</ets>, F. <ets>faible</ets>, feeble. See <er>Feeble</er>.]</ety> <def>To make feeble; to deprive of strength; to reduce the strength or force of; to weaken; to debilitate.</def>

<blockquote><b>Enfeebled</b> by scanty subsistence and excessive toil.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To weaken; debilitate; enervate.</syn>

<h1>Enfeeblement</h1>
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<hw>En*fee"ble*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of weakening; enervation; weakness.</def>

<h1>Enfeebler</h1>
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<hw>En*fee"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, weakens or makes feeble.</def>

<h1>Enfeeblish</h1>
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<hw>En*fee"blish</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To enfeeble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Enfeloned</h1>
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<hw>En*fel"oned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>felon</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>enfelonner</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rendered fierce or frantic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Like one <i>enfeloned</i> or distraught."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Enfeoff</h1>
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<hw>En*feoff"</hw> <tt>(?; see <er>Feoff</er>, 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enfeoffed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enfeoffing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>feoff</ets>, <ets>fief</ets>: cf. LL. <ets>infeofare</ets>, OF. <ets>enfeffer</ets>, <ets>enfeofer</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To give a feud, or right in land, to; to invest with a fief or fee; to invest (any one) with a freehold estate by the process of feoffment.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give in vassalage; to make subservient.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>[The king] <ex>enfeoffed</ex> himself to popularity.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>


<h1>Enfeoffment</h1>
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<hw>En*feoff"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of enfeoffing.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The instrument or deed by which one is invested with the fee of an estate.</def>

<h1>Enfester</h1>
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<hw>En*fes"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fester.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Enfestered</i> sores."

<i>Davies (Holy Roode).</i>

<h1>Enfetter</h1>
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<hw>En*fet"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bind in fetters; to enchain.</def> "<i>Enfettered</i> to her love."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enfever</h1>
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<hw>En*fe"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>fever</ets>: cf. F. <ets>enfi\'82vrer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To excite fever in.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>A. Seward.</i>

<h1>Enfierce</h1>
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<hw>En*fierce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enfierced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enfiercing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make fierce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Enfilade</h1>
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<hw>En`fi*lade"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>enfiler</ets> to thread, go trough a street or square, rake with shot; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>fil</ets> thread. See <er>File</er> a row.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A line or straight passage, or the position of that which lies in a straight line.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A firing in the direction of the length of a trench, or a line of parapet or troops, etc.; a raking fire.</def>

<h1>Enfilade</h1>
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<hw>En`fi*lade"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enfiladed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enfilading</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To pierce, scour, or rake with shot in the direction of the length of, as a work, or a line of troops.</def>

<i>Campbell.</i>

<h1>Enfiled</h1>
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<hw>En*filed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>enfiler</ets> to pierce, thread.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having some object, as the head of a man or beast, impaled upon it; <as>as, a sword which is said to be "<ex>enfiled</ex> of" the thing which it pierces</as>.</def>

<h1>Enfire</h1>
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<hw>En*fire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To set on fire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Enflesh</h1>
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<hw>En*flesh"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To clothe with flesh.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Vices which are . . . <b>enfleshed</b> in him.
<i>Florio.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enflower</h1>
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<hw>En*flow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enflowered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enflowering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover or deck with flowers.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>These odorous and <b>enflowered</b> fields.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enfold</h1>
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<hw>En*fold"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To infold. See <er>Infold</er>.</def>

<h1>Enfoldment</h1>
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<hw>En*fold"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of infolding. See <er>Infoldment</er>.</def>

<h1>Enforce</h1>
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<hw>En*force"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enforced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enforcing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>enforcier</ets> to strengthen, force, F. <ets>enforcir</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + F. <ets>force</ets>. See <er>Force</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To put force upon; to force; to constrain; to compel; <as>as, to <ex>enforce</ex> obedience to commands</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Inward joy <b>enforced</b> my heart to smile.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make or gain by force; to obtain by force; <as>as, to <ex>enforce</ex> a passage</as>.</def> "<i>Enforcing</i> furious way."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To put in motion or action by violence; to drive.</def>

<blockquote>As swift as stones
<b>Enforced</b> from the old Assyrian slings.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give force to; to strengthen; to invigorate; to urge with energy; <as>as, to <ex>enforce</ex> arguments or requests</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Enforcing</b> sentiment of the thrust humanity.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To put in force; to cause to take effect; to give effect to; to execute with vigor; <as>as, to <ex>enforce</ex> the laws</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To urge; to ply hard; to lay much stress upon.</def>

<blockquote><b>Enforce</b> him with his envy to the people.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enforce</h1>
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<hw>En*force</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To attempt by force.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prove; to evince.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To strengthen; to grow strong.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Enforce</h1>
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<hw>En*force"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Force; strength; power.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A petty enterprise of small <b>enforce</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enforceable</h1>
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<hw>En*force"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being enforced.</def>

<h1>Enforced</h1>
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<hw>En*forced"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Compelled; forced; not voluntary.</def> "<i>Enforced</i> wrong." "<i>Enforced</i> smiles." <i>Shak</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>En*for"ced*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enforcement</h1>
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<hw>En*force"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>enforcement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of enforcing; compulsion.</def>

<blockquote>He that contendeth against these <b>enforcements</b> may easily master or resist them.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Confess 't was hers, and by what rough <b>enforcement</b>
You got it from her.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A giving force to; a putting in execution.</def>

<blockquote><b>Enforcement</b> of strict military discipline.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which enforces, constraints, gives force, authority, or effect to; constraint; force applied.</def>

<blockquote>The rewards and punishment of another life, which the Almighty has established as the <b>enforcements</b> of his law.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enforcer</h1>
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<hw>En*for"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who enforces.</def>

<h1>Enforcible</h1>
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<hw>En*for"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be enforced.</def>

<h1>Enforcive</h1>
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<hw>En*for"cive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to enforce or constrain; compulsive.</def> <i>Marsion</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>En*for"cive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Enforest</h1>
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<hw>En*for"est</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To turn into a forest.</def>

<h1>Enform</h1>
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<hw>En*form"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>enformer</ets>. See <er>Inform</er>.]</ety> <def>To form; to fashion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Enfouldred</h1>
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<hw>En*foul"dred</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + OF. <ets>fouldre</ets>, <ets>foldre</ets>, lightning, F. <ets>foudre</ets>, L. <ets>fulgur</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mixed with, or emitting, lightning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "With foul <i>enfouldred</i> smoke."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Enframe</h1>
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<hw>En*frame"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inclose, as in a frame.</def>

<h1>Enfranchise</h1>
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<hw>En*fran"chise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enfranchised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enfranchising</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>franchise</ets>: cf. F. <ets>enfranchir</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To set free; to liberate from slavery, prison, or any binding power.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To endow with a franchise; to incorporate into a body politic and thus to invest with civil and political privileges; to admit to the privileges of a freeman.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To receive as denizens; to naturalize; <as>as, to <ex>enfranchise</ex> foreign words</as>.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<h1>Enfranchisement</h1>
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<hw>En*fran"chise*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Releasing from slavery or custody.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Admission to the freedom of a corporation or body politic; investiture with the privileges of free citizens.</def>

<cs><col>Enfranchisement of copyhold</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>the conversion of a copyhold estate into a freehold.</cd></cs>

<i>Mozley & W.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enfranchiser</h1>
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<hw>En*fran"chis*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who enfranchises.</def>

<h1>Enfree</h1>
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<hw>En*free"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To set free.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>enfreed</i> Antenor."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enfreedom</h1>
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<hw>En*free"dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To set free.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enfreeze</h1>
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<hw>En*freeze"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To freeze; to congeal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou hast <b>enfrozened</b> her disdainful breast.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enfroward</h1>
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<hw>En*fro"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make froward, perverse, or ungovernable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir E. Sandys.</i>

<h1>Engage</h1>
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<hw>En*gage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Engaged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Engaging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>engager</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>gage</ets> pledge, pawn. See <er>Gage</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To put under pledge; to pledge; to place under obligations to do or forbear doing something, as by a pledge, oath, or promise; to bind by contract or promise.</def> "I to thee <i>engaged</i> a prince's word."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To gain for service; to bring in as associate or aid; to enlist; <as>as, to <ex>engage</ex> friends to aid in a cause; to <ex>engage</ex> men for service.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To gain over; to win and attach; to attract and hold; to draw.</def>

<blockquote>Good nature <b>engages</b> everybody to him.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To employ the attention and efforts of; to occupy; to engross; to draw on.</def>

<blockquote>Thus shall mankind his guardian care <b>engage</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Taking upon himself the difficult task of <b>engaging</b> him in conversation.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To enter into contest with; to encounter; to bring to conflict.</def>

<blockquote>A favorable opportunity of <b>engaging</b> the enemy.
<i>Ludlow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>To come into gear with; <as>as, the teeth of one cogwheel <ex>engage</ex> those of another, or one part of a clutch <ex>engages</ex> the other part</as>.</def>

<h1>Engage</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En*gage"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To promise or pledge one's self; to enter into an obligation; to become bound; to warrant.</def>

<blockquote>How proper the remedy for the malady, I <b>engage</b> not.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To embark in a business; to take a part; to employ or involve one's self; to devote attention and effort; to enlist; <as>as, to <ex>engage</ex> in controversy</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To enter into conflict; to join battle; <as>as, the armies <ex>engaged</ex> in a general battle</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>To be in gear, as two cogwheels working together.</def>

<h1>Engaged</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En*gaged"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Occupied; employed; busy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pledged; promised; especially, having the affections pledged; promised in marriage; affianced; betrothed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Greatly interested; of awakened zeal; earnest.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Involved; esp., involved in a hostile encounter; <as>as, the <ex>engaged</ex> ships continued the fight</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Engaged column</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>Same as <i>Attached column<i>. See under <er>Attach</er>, <i>v. t.<i></cd></cs>

<h1>Engagedly</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En*ga"ged*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With attachment; with interest; earnestly.</def>

<h1>Engagedness</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En*ga"ged*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being deeply interested; earnestness; zeal.</def>

<h1>Engagement</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En*gage"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>engagement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of engaging, pledging, enlisting, occupying, or entering into contest.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being engaged, pledged or occupied; specif., a pledge to take some one as husband or wife.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which engages; engrossing occupation; employment of the attention; obligation by pledge, promise, or contract; an enterprise embarked in; <as>as, his <ex>engagements</ex> prevented his acceptance of any office</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Religion, which is the chief <b>engagement</b> of our league.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An action; a fight; a battle.</def>

<blockquote>In hot <b>engagement</b> with the Moors.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The state of being in gear; <as>as, one part of a clutch is brought into <ex>engagement</ex> with the other part</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Vocation; business; employment; occupation; promise; stipulation; betrothal; word; battle; combat; fight; contest; conflict. See <er>Battle</er>.</syn>

<h1>Engager</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En*ga"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who enters into an engagement or agreement; a surety.</def>

<blockquote>Several sufficient citizens were <b>engagers</b>.
<i>Wood.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Engaging</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En*ga"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to draw the attention or affections; attractive; <as>as, <ex>engaging</ex> manners or address</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>En*ga"ging*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>En*ga"ging*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><mcol><col>Engaging and disengaging</col> <col>gear &or; machinery</col></mcol>, <cd>that in which, or by means of which, one part is alternately brought into gear or out of gear with another part, as occasion may require.</cd></cs>

<h1>Engallant</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En*gal"lant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a gallant of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Engaol</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En*gaol"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>gaol</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>engaoler</ets>, <ets>engeoler</ets>. See <er>Gaol</er>, and cf. <er>Enjail</er>.]</ety> <def>To put in jail; to imprison.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Engarboil</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En*gar"boil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>garboil</ets>.]</ety> <def>To throw into disorder; to disturb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>engarboil</i> the church."

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Engarland</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En*gar"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>garland</ets>: cf. F. <ets>enguirlander</ets>.]</ety> <def>To encircle with a garland, or with garlands.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Engarrison</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En*gar"ri*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To garrison; to put in garrison, or to protect by a garrison.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Engastrimuth</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En*gas"tri*muth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ in + <?/ belly + <?/ to speak: cf. F. <ets>engastrimythe</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ventriloquist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Engender</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En*gen"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Engendered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Engendering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>engender</ets>, L. <ets>ingenerare</ets>; <ets>in + generare</ets> to beget. See <er>Generate</er>, and cf. <er>Ingenerate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To produce by the union of the sexes; to beget.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to exist; to bring forth; to produce; to sow the seeds of; <as>as, angry words <ex>engender</ex> strife</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Engendering</b> friendship in all parts of the common wealth.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To breed; generate; procreate; propagate; occasion; call forth; cause; excite; develop.</syn>

<h1>Engender</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En*gen"der</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To assume form; to come into existence; to be caused or produced.</def>

<blockquote>Thick clouds are spread, and storms <b>engender</b> there.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come together; to meet, as in sexual embrace.</def> "I saw their mouths <i>engender</i>."

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Engender</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En*gen"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, engenders.</def>

<h1>Engendrure</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En`gen*drure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>engendreure</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of generation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Engild</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En*gild"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To gild; to make splendent.</def>

<blockquote>Fair Helena, who most <b>engilds</b> the night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Engine</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En"gine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>engin</ets> skill, machine, engine, L. <ets>ingenium</ets> natural capacity, invention; <ets>in</ets> in + the root of <ets>gignere</ets> to produce. See <er>Genius</er>, and cf. <er>Ingenious</er>, <er>Gin</er> a snare.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>(Pronounced, in this sense, <?/<?/<?/<?/.) Natural capacity; ability; skill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A man hath sapiences three,
Memory, <b>engine</b>, and intellect also.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything used to effect a purpose; any device or contrivance; an agent.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>You see the ways the fisherman doth take
To catch the fish; what <b>engines</b> doth he make?
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their promises, enticements, oaths, tokens, and all these <b>engines</b> of lust.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any instrument by which any effect is produced; especially, an instrument or machine of war or torture.</def> "Terrible <i>engines</i> of death."

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A compound machine by which any physical power is applied to produce a given physical effect.</def>

<cs><col>Engine driver</col>, <cd>one who manages an engine; specifically, the engineer of a locomotive.</cd> -- <col>Engine lathe</col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Lathe</er>.</cd> -- <col>Engine tool</col>, <cd>a machine tool. <i>J. Whitworth</i>.</cd> -- <col>Engine turning</col> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld>, <cd>a method of ornamentation by means of a rose engine.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; The term <i>engine</i> is more commonly applied to massive machines, or to those giving power, or which produce some difficult result. Engines, as motors, are distinguished according to the source of power, as <i>steam engine</i>, <i>air engine</i>, <i>electro-magnetic engine</i>; or the purpose on account of which the power is applied, as <i>fire engine</i>, <i>pumping engine</i>, <i>locomotive engine</i>; or some peculiarity of construction or operation, as <i>single-acting</i> or <i>double-acting engine</i>, <i>high-pressure</i> or <i>low-pressure engine</i>, <i>condensing engine</i>, etc.</note>

<h1>Engine</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En"gine</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To assault with an engine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>engine</b> and batter our walls.
<i>T. Adams.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To equip with an engine; -- said especially of steam vessels; <as>as, vessels are often built by one firm and <ex>engined</ex> by another</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>(Pronounced, in this sense, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/.) To rack; to torture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Engineer</h1>
<Xpage=492>

<hw>En`gi*neer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>enginer</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>engignier</ets>, F. <ets>ing\'82nieur</ets>. See <er>Engine</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A person skilled in the principles and practice of any branch of engineering. See under <er>Engineering</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who manages as engine, particularly a steam engine; an engine driver.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who carries through an enterprise by skillful or artful contrivance; an efficient manager.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Civil engineer</col>, <cd>a person skilled in the science of civil engineering.</cd> -- <col>Military engineer</col>, <cd>one who executes engineering works of a military nature. See under <er>Engineering</er>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="493">
Page 493<p>

<h1>Engineer</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En`gi*neer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Engineered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Engineering</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay out or construct, as an engineer; to perform the work of an engineer on; <as>as, to <ex>engineer</ex> a road</as>.</def>

<i>J. Hamilton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To use contrivance and effort for; to guide the course of; to manage; <as>as, to <ex>engineer</ex> a bill through Congress</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Engineering</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En`gi*neer"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Originally, the art of managing engines; in its modern and extended sense, the art and science by which the mechanical properties of matter are made useful to man in structures and machines; the occupation and work of an engineer.</def>

<note>&hand; In a comprehensive sense, engineering includes <i>architecture</i> as a mechanical art, in distinction from architecture as a fine art. It was formerly divided into <i>military engineering</i>, which is the art of designing and constructing offensive and defensive works, and <i>civil engineering</i>, in a broad sense, as relating to other kinds of public works, machinery, etc. -- <col>Civil engineering</col>, in modern usage, is strictly the art of planning, laying out, and constructing fixed public works, such as railroads, highways, canals, aqueducts, water works, bridges, lighthouses, docks, embankments, breakwaters, dams, tunnels, etc. -- <col>Mechanical engineering</col> relates to machinery, such as steam engines, machine tools, mill work, etc. -- <col>Mining engineering</col> deals with the excavation and working of mines, and the extraction of metals from their ores, etc. <i>Engineering</i> is further divided into steam engineering, gas engineering, agricultural engineering, topographical engineering, electrical engineering, etc.</note>

<h1>Engineman</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En"gine*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Enginemen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man who manages, or waits on, an engine.</def>

<h1>Enginer</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En"gin*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Engineer</er>.]</ety> <def>A contriver; an inventor; a contriver of engines.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enginery</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En"gine*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or art of managing engines, or artillery.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Engines, in general; instruments of war.</def>

<blockquote>Training his devilish <b>enginery</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any device or contrivance; machinery; structure or arrangement.</def>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<h1>Engine-sized</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En"gine-sized`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sized by a machine, and not while in the pulp; -- said of paper.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Enginous</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En"gi*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>engignos</ets>. See <er>Ingenious</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to an engine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That one act gives, like an <b>enginous</b> wheel,
Motion to all.
<i>Decker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contrived with care; ingenious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The mark of all <b>enginous</b> drifts.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Engird</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En*gird"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Engirded</er> or <er>Engirt</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Engirding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>gird</ets>. Cf. <er>Ingirt</er>.]</ety> <def>To gird; to encompass.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Engirdle</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En*gir"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surround as with a girdle; to girdle.</def>

<h1>Engirt</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En*girt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To engird.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Collins.</i>

<h1>Engiscope</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En"gi*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ near + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A kind of reflecting microscope.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Englaimed</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En*glaimed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE.  <ets>engleimen</ets> to smear, <ets>gleim</ets> birdlime, glue, phlegm.]</ety> <def>Clammy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Engle</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>enghle</ets> to coax or cajole. Cf. <er>Angle</er> a hook, one easily enticed, a gull, <er>Ingle</er>.]</ety> <def>A favorite; a paramour; an ingle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Engle</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En"gle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cajole or coax, as favorite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I 'll presently go and <b>engle</b> some broker.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>English</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>Eng"lish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>Englisc</ets>, fr. <ets>Engle</ets>, <ets>Angle</ets>, Engles, Angles, a tribe of Germans from the southeast of Sleswick, in Denmark, who settled in Britain and gave it the name of <ets>England</ets>. Cf. <er>Anglican</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to England, or to its inhabitants, or to the present so-called Anglo-Saxon race.</def>

<cs><col>English bond</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See 1st <er>Bond</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <p><b>8.</b></def> -- <col>English breakfast tea</col>. <cd>See <er>Congou</er>.</cd> -- <col>English horn</col>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Corno Inglese</er>.</cd> -- <col>English walnut</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Walnut</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>English</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>Eng"lish</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Collectively, the people of England; English people or persons.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The language of England or of the English nation, and of their descendants in America, India, and other countries.</def>

<note>&hand; The English language has been variously divided into periods by different writers. In the division most commonly recognized, the first period dates from about 450 to 1150. This is the period of full inflection, and is called <i>Anglo-Saxon</i>, or, by many recent writers, <i>Old English</i>. The second period dates from about 1150 to 1550 (or, if four periods be recognized, from about 1150 to 1350), and is called <i>Early English</i>, <i>Middle English</i>, or more commonly (as in the usage of this book), <i>Old English</i>. During this period most of the inflections were dropped, and there was a great addition of French words to the language. The third period extends from about 1350 to 1550, and is <i>Middle English</i>. During this period orthography became comparatively fixed. The last period, from about 1550, is called <i>Modern English</i>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of printing type, in size between Pica and Great Primer. See <er>Type</er>.</def>

<note> <englishtype>The type called <sc>English</sc>.</englishtype></note>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Billiards)</fld> <def>A twist or spinning motion given to a ball in striking it that influences the direction it will take after touching a cushion or another ball.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>The</col> <col>King's, &or; Queen's</col>, <col>English</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>King</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>English</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>Eng"lish</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Englished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Englishing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To translate into the English language; to Anglicize; hence, to interpret; to explain.</def>

<blockquote>Those gracious acts . . . may be <b>Englished</b> more properly, acts of fear and dissimulation.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Caxton does not care to alter the French forms and words in the book which he was <b>Englishing</b>.
<i>T. L. K. Oliphant.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Billiards)</fld> <def>To strike (the cue ball) in such a manner as to give it in addition to its forward motion a spinning motion, that influences its direction after impact on another ball or the cushion.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Englishable</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>Eng"lish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being translated into, or expressed in, English.</def>

<h1>Englishism</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>Eng"lish*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A quality or characteristic peculiar to the English.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A form of expression peculiar to the English language as spoken in England; an Anglicism.</def>

<h1>Englishman</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>Eng"lish*man</hw> <tt>(-m<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Englishmen</plw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>n)</tt>.</plu> <def>A native or a naturalized inhabitant of England.</def>

<h1>Englishry</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>Eng"lish*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or privilege of being an Englishman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A body of English or people of English descent; -- commonly applied to English people in Ireland.</def>

<blockquote>A general massacre of the <b>Englishry</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Englishwoman</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>Eng"lish*wom`an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Englishwomen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Fem. of <er>Englishman</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Engloom</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En*gloom"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make gloomy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Englue</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En*glue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>glue</ets>: cf. F. <ets>engluer</ets> to smear with birdlime.]</ety> <def>To join or close fast together, as with glue; <as>as, a coffer well <ex>englued</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Englut</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En*glut"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Englutted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Englutting</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>glut</ets>: cf. F. <ets>engloutir</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To swallow or gulp down.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To glut.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Englutted</i> with vanity."

<i>Ascham.</i>

<h1>Engore</h1>
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<hw>En*gore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To gore; to pierce; to lacerate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Deadly <b>engored</b> of a great wild boar.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make bloody.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Engorge</h1>
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<hw>En*gorge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Engorged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Engorging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>gorge</ets>: cf. F. <ets>engorger</ets> to obstruct, cram.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To gorge; to glut.</def>

<i>Mir. for Mag.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To swallow with greediness or in large quantities; to devour.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Engorge</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En*gorge"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To feed with eagerness or voracity; to stuff one's self with food.</def>

<i>Beaumont.</i>

<h1>Engorged</h1>
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<hw>En*gorged"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Swallowed with greediness, or in large draughts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Filled to excess with blood or other liquid; congested.</def>

<h1>Engorgement</h1>
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<hw>En*gorge"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>engorgement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of swallowing greedily; a devouring with voracity; a glutting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An overfullness or obstruction of the vessels in some part of the system; congestion.</def>

<i>Hoblyn.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The clogging of a blast furnace.</def>

<h1>Engouled</h1>
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<hw>En*gouled"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Partly swallowed; disappearing in the jaws of anything; <as>as, an infant <ex>engouled</ex> by a serpent</as>; said also of an ordinary, when its two ends to issue from the mouths of lions, or the like; <as>as, a bend <ex>engouled</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Engoul\'82e</h1>
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<hw>En`gou`l\'82e"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. p. of <ets>engouler</ets> to swallow up; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>gueule</ets> mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Engouled</er>.</def>

<h1>Engraff</h1>
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<hw>En*graff"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ingraft</er>.]</ety> <def>To graft; to fix deeply.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Engraffment</h1>
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<hw>En*graff"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ingraftment</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Engraft</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En*graft"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Ingraft</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Engraftation, Engraftment</h1>
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<hw><hw>En`graf*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En*graft"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of ingrafting; ingraftment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Engrail</h1>
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<hw>En*grail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Engrailed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Engrailing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>engr\'88ler</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>gr\'88le</ets> hail. See <er>Grail</er> gravel.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To variegate or spot, as with hail.</def>

<blockquote>A caldron new <b>engrailed</b> with twenty hues.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>To indent with small curves. See <er>Engrailed</er>.</def>

<h1>Engrail</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En*grail"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form an edging or border; to run in curved or indented lines.</def>

<i>Parnell.</i>

<h1>Engrailed</h1>
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<hw>En*grailed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Indented with small concave curves, as the edge of a bordure, bend, or the like.</def>

<h1>Engrailment</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En*grail"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The ring of dots round the edge of a medal, etc.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Indentation in curved lines, as of a line of division or the edge of an ordinary.</def>

<h1>Engrain</h1>
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<hw>En*grain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Engrained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Engraining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>grain</ets>. Cf. <er>Ingrain</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To dye in grain, or of a fast color. See <er>Ingrain</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Leaves <b>engrained</b> in lusty green.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To incorporate with the grain or texture of anything; to infuse deeply. See <er>Ingrain</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The stain hath become <b>engrained</b> by time.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To color in imitation of the grain of wood; to grain. See <er>Grain</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 1.</def>

<h1>Engrapple</h1>
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<hw>En*grap"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To grapple.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Engrasp</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En*grasp"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Engrasped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Engrasping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To grasp; to grip.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Engrave</h1>
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<hw>En*grave"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>grave</ets> a tomb. Cf. <er>Engrave</er> to carve.]</ety> <def>To deposit in the grave; to bury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Their corses to <i>engrave</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Engrave</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En*grave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Engraved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Engraved</er> or <er>Engraven</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Engraving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>grave</ets> to carve: cf. OF. <ets>engraver</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut in; to make by incision.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Full many wounds in his corrupted flesh
He did <b>engrave</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cut with a graving instrument in order to form an inscription or pictorial representation; to carve figures; to mark with incisions.</def>

<blockquote>Like . . . . a signet thou <b>engrave</b> the two stones with the names of the children of Israel.
<i>Ex. xxviii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To form or represent by means of incisions upon wood, stone, metal, or the like; <as>as, to <ex>engrave</ex> an inscription</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To impress deeply; to infix, as if with a graver.</def>

<blockquote><b>Engrave</b> principles in men's minds.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Engraved</h1>
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<hw>En*graved"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Made by engraving or ornamented with engraving.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the surface covered with irregular, impressed lines.</def>

<h1>Engravement</h1>
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<hw>En*grave"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Engraving.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Engraved work.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Engraver</h1>
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<hw>En*grav"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who engraves; a person whose business it is to produce engraved work, especially on metal or wood.</def>

<h1>Engravery</h1>
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<hw>En*grav"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The trade or work of an engraver.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Engraving</h1>
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<hw>En*grav"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or art of producing upon hard material incised or raised patterns, characters, lines, and the like; especially, the art of producing such lines, etc., in the surface of metal plates or blocks of wood. Engraving is used for the decoration of the surface itself; also, for producing an original, from which a pattern or design may be printed on paper.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is engraved; an engraved plate.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An impression from an engraved plate, block of wood, or other material; a print.</def>

<note>&hand; Engraving on wood is called <i>xylography</i>; on copper, <i>chalcography</i>; on stone <i>lithography</i>. Engravings or prints take from wood blocks are usually called <i>wood cuts</i>, those from stone, <i>lithographs</i>.</note>

<h1>Engregge</h1>
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<hw>En*greg"ge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>engregier</ets>, from (assumed) LL. <ets>ingreviare</ets>; <ets>in</ets> + (assumed) <ets>grevis</ets> heavy, for L. <ets>gravis</ets>. Cf. <er>Aggravate</er>.]</ety> <def>To aggravate; to make worse; to lie heavy on.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Engrieve</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En*grieve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To grieve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Engross</h1>
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<hw>En*gross"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Engrossed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Engrossing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F., fr. pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>gros</ets> gross, <ets>grosse</ets>, <ets>n.</ets>, an engrossed document: cf. OF. <ets>engrossir</ets>, <ets>engroissier</ets>, to make thick, large, or gross. See <er>Gross</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make gross, thick, or large; to thicken; to increase in bulk or quantity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Waves . . . <b>engrossed</b> with mud.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Not sleeping, to <b>engross</b> his idle body.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To amass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>engross</b> up glorious deeds on my behalf.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To copy or write in a large hand (<i>en gross</i>, <it>i. e.</it>, in large); to write a fair copy of in distinct and legible characters; <as>as, to <ex>engross</ex> a deed or like instrument on parchment</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Some period long past, when clerks <b>engrossed</b> their stiff and formal chirography on more substantial materials.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Laws that may be <b>engrossed</b> on a finger nail.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To seize in the gross; to take the whole of; to occupy wholly; to absorb; <as>as, the subject <ex>engrossed</ex> all his thoughts</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To purchase either the whole or large quantities of, for the purpose of enhancing the price and making a profit; hence, to take or assume in undue quantity, proportion, or degree; <as>as, to <ex>engross</ex> commodities in market; to <ex>engross</ex> power.</as></def>

<cs><col>Engrossed bill</col> <fld>(Legislation)</fld>, <cd>one which has been plainly engrossed on parchment, with all its amendments, preparatory to final action on its passage.</cd> -- <col>Engrossing hand</col> <fld>(Penmanship)</fld>, <cd>a fair, round style of writing suitable for engrossing legal documents, legislative bills, etc.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To absorb; swallow up; imbibe; consume; exhaust; occupy; forestall; monopolize. See <er>Absorb</er>.</syn>

<h1>Engrosser</h1>
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<hw>En*gross"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who copies a writing in large, fair characters.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who takes the whole; a person who purchases such quantities of articles in a market as to raise the price; a forestaller.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Engrossment</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En*gross"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of engrossing; <as>as, the <ex>engrossment</ex> of a deed</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Engrossments</b> of power and favor.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which has been engrossed, as an instrument, legislative bill, goods, etc.</def>

<h1>Enguard</h1>
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<hw>En*guard"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surround as with a guard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Engulf</h1>
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<hw>En*gulf"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Engulfed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Engulfing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>gulf</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>engolfer</ets>. Cf. <er>Ingulf</er>.]</ety> <def>To absorb or swallow up as in a gulf.</def>

<blockquote>It quite <b>engulfs</b> all human thought.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Absorb</er>.</syn>

<h1>Engulfment</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En*gulf"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A swallowing up as if in a gulf.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Engyn</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En*gyn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Variant of <er>Engine</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Enhalo</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En*ha"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surround with a halo.</def>

<h1>Enhance</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En*hance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enhanced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enhancing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Norm. F. <ets>enhauncer</ets>, <ets>enhaucer</ets>, OF. <ets>enhaleier</ets>, <ets>enhaucier</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>haucier</ets> to lift, raise up, from an assumed L. <ets>altiare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>altus</ets> high; cf. Pr. <ets>enansar</ets>, <ets>enanzar</ets>, to advance, exalt, and E. <ets>advance</ets>. See <er>Altitude</er>, and cf. <er>Hawser</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To raise or lift up; to exalt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<blockquote>Who, naught aghast, his mighty hand <b>enhanced</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To advance; to augment; to increase; to heighten; to make more costly or attractive; <as>as, to <ex>enhance</ex> the price of commodities; to <ex>enhance</ex> beauty or kindness</as>; hence, also, to render more heinous; to aggravate; <as>as, to <ex>enhance</ex> crime</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The reputation of ferocity <b>enhanced</b> the value of their services, in making them feared as well as hated.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enhance</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw>En*hance"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be raised up; to grow larger; <as>as, a debt <ex>enhances</ex> rapidly by compound interest</as>.</def>

<h1>Enhancement</h1>
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<hw>En*hance"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of increasing, or state of being increased; augmentation; aggravation; <as>as, the <ex>enhancement</ex> of value, price, enjoyments, crime</as>.</def>

<h1>Enhancer</h1>
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<hw>En*han"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who enhances; one who, or that which, raises the amount, price, etc.</def>

<h1>Enharbor</h1>
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<hw>En*har"bor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To find harbor or safety in; to dwell in or inhabit.</def>

<i>W. Browne.</i>

<h1>Enharden</h1>
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<hw>En*hard"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>harden</ets>: cf. F. <ets>enhardir</ets> to embolden.]</ety> <def>To harden; to embolden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Enharmonic, Enharmonical</h1>
<Xpage=493>

<hw><hw>En`har*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En`har*mon"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ <?/, <?/ fitting, accordant; <?/ in + <?/ harmony: cf. F. <ets>enharmonique</ets>.]</ety>

<hr>
<page="494">
Page 494<p>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anc. Mus.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to that one of the three kinds of musical scale (diatonic, chromatic, enharmonic) recognized by the ancient Greeks, which consisted of quarter tones and major thirds, and was regarded as the most accurate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Pertaining to a change of notes to the eye, while, as the same keys are used, the instrument can mark no difference to the ear, as the substitution of A&flat; for G&sharp;.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to a scale of perfect intonation which recognizes all the notes and intervals that result from the exact tuning of diatonic scales and their transposition into other keys.</def>

<h1>Enharmonically</h1>
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<hw>En`har*mon"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the enharmonic style or system; in just intonation.</def>

<h1>Enhearten</h1>
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<hw>En*heart"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give heart to; to fill with courage; to embolden.</def>

<blockquote>The enemy exults and is <b>enheartened</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enhedge</h1>
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<hw>En*hedge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surround as with a hedge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Vicars.</i>

<h1>Enhort</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*hort"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>enhorter</ets>, <ets>enorter</ets>, L. <ets>inhortari</ets>. Cf. <er>Exhort</er>.]</ety> <def>To encourage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>enhort</i> the people."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Enhunger</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*hun"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make hungry.</def>

<blockquote>Those animal passions which vice had . . . <b>enhungered</b> to feed on innocence and life.
<i>J. Martineau.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enhydros</h1>
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<hw>En*hy"dros</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Enhydrous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of chalcedony containing water.</def>

<h1>Enhydrous</h1>
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<hw>En*hy"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ in + <?/ water.]</ety> <def>Having water within; containing fluid drops; -- said of certain crystals.</def>

<h1>Enigma</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>E*nig"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Enigmas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>aenigma</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to speak darkly, fr. <?/ tale, fable.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A dark, obscure, or inexplicable saying; a riddle; a statement, the hidden meaning of which is to be discovered or guessed.</def>

<blockquote>A custom was among the ancients of proposing an <b>enigma</b> at festivals.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An action, mode of action, or thing, which cannot be satisfactorily explained; a puzzle; <as>as, his conduct is an <ex>enigma</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Enigmatic; 277, Enigmatical</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw><hw>E`nig*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <hw>E`nig*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82nigmatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to or resembling an enigma; not easily explained or accounted for; darkly expressed; obscure; puzzling; <as>as, an <ex>enigmatical</ex> answer</as>.</def>

<h1>Enigmatically</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>E`nig*mat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Darkly; obscurely.</def>

<h1>Enigmatist</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>E*nig"ma*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>One who makes, or talks in, enigmas.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Enigmatize</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>E*nig"ma*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enigmatized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enigmatizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make, or talk in, enigmas; to deal in riddles.</def>

<h1>Enigmatography, Enigmatology</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw><hw>E*nig`ma*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E*nig`ma*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, an enigma + <ets>-graphy</ets>, <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of making or of solving enigmas.</def>

<h1>Enisled</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*isled"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Placed alone or apart, as if on an island; severed, as an island.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "In the sea of life <i>enisled</i>."

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Enjall</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*jall"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enjailed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enjailing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>jail</ets>. Cf. <er>Engaol</er>.]</ety> <def>To put into jail; to imprison.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Enjoin</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*join"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enjoined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enjoining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>enjoindre</ets>, L. <ets>injungere</ets> to join into, charge, enjoin; <ets>in + jungere</ets> to join. See <er>Join</er>, and cf. <er>Injunction</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay upon, as an order or command; to give an injunction to; to direct with authority; to order; to charge.</def>

<blockquote>High matter thou <b>enjoin'st</b> me.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am <b>enjoined</b> by oath to observe three things.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To prohibit or restrain by a judicial order or decree; to put an injunction on.</def>

<blockquote>This is a suit to <b>enjoin</b> the defendants from disturbing the plaintiffs.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Enjoin</i> has the force of pressing admonition with authority; as, a parent <i>enjoins</i> on his children the duty of obedience. But it has also the sense of <i>command</i>; as, the duties <i>enjoined</i> by God in the moral law. "This word is more authoritative than <i>direct</i>, and less imperious than <i>command</i>."</note>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Enjoin</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*join"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To join or unite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Enjoiner</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*join"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who enjoins.</def>

<h1>Enjoinment</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*join"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Direction; command; authoritative admonition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Enjoy</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*joy"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enjoyed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enjoying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>enjoier</ets> to receive with joy; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + OF. & F. <ets>joie</ets> joy: cf. OF. <ets>enjoir</ets> to enjoy. See <er>Joy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To take pleasure or satisfaction in the possession or experience of; to feel or perceive with pleasure; to be delighted with; <as>as, to <ex>enjoy</ex> the dainties of a feast; to <ex>enjoy</ex> conversation.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have, possess, and use with satisfaction; to occupy or have the benefit of, as a good or profitable thing, or as something desirable; <as>as, to <ex>enjoy</ex> a free constitution and religious liberty</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That the children of Israel may <b>enjoy</b> every man the inheritance of his fathers.
<i>Num. xxxvi. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>enjoy</b> the pleasures of sin for a season.
<i>Heb. xi. 25.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To have sexual intercourse with.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>To enjoy one's self</col>, <cd>to feel pleasure; to be happy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Enjoy</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*joy"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take satisfaction; to live in happiness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Enjoyable</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*joy"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being enjoyed or of giving joy; yielding enjoyment.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Enjoyer</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*joy"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who enjoys.</def>

<h1>Enjoyment</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*joy"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of enjoying anything; pleasure or satisfaction, as in the possession or occupancy of anything; possession and use; <as>as, the <ex>enjoyment</ex> of an estate</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which gives pleasure or keen satisfaction.</def>

<blockquote>The hope of everlasting <b>enjoyments</b>.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Pleasure; satisfaction; gratification; fruition; happiness; felicity; delight.</syn>

<h1>Enkennel</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*ken"nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put into a kennel.</def>

<h1>Enkerchiefed</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*ker"chiefed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bound with a kerchief; draped; hooded; covered.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>That soft, <b>enkerchiefed</b> hair.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enkindle</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*kin"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enkindled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enkindling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To set on fire; to inflame; to kindle.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To excite; to rouse into action; to incite.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>enkindle</b> the enthusiasm of an artist.
<i>Talfourd.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enlace</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*lace"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bind or encircle with lace, or as with lace; to lace; to encircle; to enfold; hence, to entangle.</def>

<blockquote>Ropes of pearl her neck and breast <b>enlace</b>.
<i>P. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enlacement</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*lace"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of enlacing, or state of being enlaced; a surrounding as with a lace.</def>

<h1>Enlard</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*lard"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>lard</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>enlarder</ets> to put on the spit, Pr. & Sp. <ets>enlardar</ets> to rub with grease, baste.]</ety> <def>To cover or dress with lard or grease; to fatten.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enlarge</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*large"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enlarged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enlarging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>enlargier</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + F. <ets>large</ets> wide. See <er>Large</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make larger; to increase in quantity or dimensions; to extend in limits; to magnify; <as>as, the body is <ex>enlarged</ex> by nutrition; to <ex>enlarge</ex> one's house.</as></def>

<blockquote>To <b>enlarge</b> their possessions of land.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To increase the capacity of; to expand; to give free scope or greater scope to; also, to dilate, as with joy, affection, and the like; <as>as, knowledge <ex>enlarges</ex> the mind</as>.</def>

<blockquote>O ye Corinthians, our . . . heart is <b>enlarged</b>.
<i>2 Cor. vi. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To set at large or set free.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>It will <b>enlarge</b> us from all restraints.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Enlarging hammer</col>, <cd>a hammer with a slightly rounded face of large diameter; -- used by gold beaters.</cd> <i>Knight</i>. -- <mcol><col>To enlarge an</col> <col>order &or; rule</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to extend the time for complying with it.</cd> <i>Abbott</i>. -- <col>To enlarge one's self</col>, <cd>to give free vent to speech; to spread out discourse.</cd> "They <i>enlarged<i> themselves on this subject." <i>Clarendon</i>. -- <col>To enlarge the heart</col>, <cd>to make free, liberal, and charitable.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To increase; extend; expand; spread; amplify; augment; magnify. See <er>Increase</er>.</syn>

<h1>Enlarge</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*large"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To grow large or larger; to be further extended; to expand; <as>as, a plant <ex>enlarges</ex> by growth; an estate <ex>enlarges</ex> by good management; a volume of air <ex>enlarges</ex> by rarefaction.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To speak or write at length; to be diffuse in speaking or writing; to expatiate; to dilate.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>enlarge</b> upon this theme.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To get more astern or parallel with the vessel's course; to draw aft; -- said of the wind.</def>

<h1>Enlarged</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*larged"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made large or larger; extended; swollen.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>En*lar"ged*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>En*lar"ged*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Enlargement</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*large"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of increasing in size or bulk, real or apparent; the state of being increased; augmentation; further extension; expansion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expansion or extension, as of the powers of the mind; ennoblement, as of the feelings and character; <as>as, an <ex>enlargement</ex> of views, of knowledge, of affection</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A setting at large, or being set at large; release from confinement, servitude, or distress; liberty.</def>

<blockquote>Give <b>enlargement</b> to the swain.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Diffusiveness of speech or writing; expatiation; a wide range of discourse or argument.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>enlargement</b> upon the vices and corruptions that were got into the army.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enlarger</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*lar"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One that enlarges.</def>

<h1>Enlay</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*lay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Inlay</er>.</def>

<h1>Enlengthen</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*length"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lengthen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Enleven</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*lev"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Eleven.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Enlight</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*light"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>light</ets>. Cf. <er>Enlighten</er>.]</ety> <def>To illumine; to enlighten.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Which from the first has shone on ages past,
<b>Enlights</b> the present, and shall warm the last.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enlighten</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*light"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>lighten</ets>: cf. AS. <ets>inl\'c6htan</ets>. Cf. <er>Enlight</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To supply with light; to illuminate; <as>as, the sun <ex>enlightens</ex> the earth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His lightnings <b>enlightened</b> the world.
<i>Ps. xcvii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make clear to the intellect or conscience; to shed the light of truth and knowledge upon; to furnish with increase of knowledge; to instruct; <as>as, to <ex>enlighten</ex> the mind or understanding</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The conscience <b>enlightened</b> by the Word and Spirit of God.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enlightener</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*light"en*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who enlightens or illuminates; one who, or that which, communicates light to the eye, or clear views to the mind.</def>

<h1>Enlightenment</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*light"en*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of enlightening, or the state of being enlightened or instructed.</def>

<h1>Enlimn</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*limn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>limn</ets>. Cf. <er>Enlumine</er>, <er>Illuminate</er>.]</ety> <def>To adorn by illuminating or ornamenting with colored and decorated letters and figures, as a book or manuscript.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Palsgrave.</i>

<h1>Enlink</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*link"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To chain together; to connect, as by links.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enlist</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*list"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enlisted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enlisting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To enter on a list; to enroll; to register.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To engage for military or naval service, the name being entered on a list or register; <as>as, to <ex>enlist</ex> men</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To secure the support and aid of; to employ in advancing interest; <as>as, to <ex>enlist</ex> persons in the cause of truth, or in a charitable enterprise</as>.</def>

<h1>Enlist</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*list"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To enroll and bind one's self for military or naval service; <as>as, he <ex>enlisted</ex> in the regular army; the men <ex>enlisted</ex> for the war.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enter heartily into a cause, as if enrolled.</def>

<h1>Enlistment</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*list"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or enlisting, or the state of being enlisted; voluntary enrollment to serve as a soldier or a sailor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The writing by which an enlisted man is bound.</def>

<h1>Enlive</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*live"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>live</ets>, a.]</ety> <def>To enliven.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Enliven</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*liv"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enlivened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enlivening</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>liven</ets>.]</ety>.

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To give life, action, or motion to; to make vigorous or active; to excite; to quicken; <as>as, fresh fuel <ex>enlivens</ex> a fire</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Lo! of themselves th' <b>enlivened</b> chessmen move.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give spirit or vivacity to; to make sprightly, gay, or cheerful; to animate; <as>as, mirth and good humor <ex>enliven</ex> a company; <ex>enlivening</ex> strains of music.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To animate; rouse; inspire; cheer; encourage; comfort; exhilarate; inspirit; invigorate.</syn>

<h1>Enlivener</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*liv"en*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, enlivens, animates, or invigorates.</def>

<h1>Enlock</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*lock"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lock; to inclose.</def>

<h1>Enlumine</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*lu"mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>enluminer</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + L. <ets>luminare</ets> to light up, illumine. See <er>Illuminate</er>, and cf. <er>Limn</er>.]</ety> <def>To illumine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Enlute</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*lute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + L. <ets>lutum</ets> mud, clay.]</ety> <def>To coat with clay; to lute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Enmanch\'82</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En`man`ch\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>manche</ets> sleeve.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Resembling, or covered with, a sleeve; -- said of the chief when lines are drawn from the middle point of the upper edge upper edge to the sides.</def>

<h1>Enmarble</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*mar"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>marble</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make hard as marble; to harden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Enmesh</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*mesh"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>mesh</ets>. Cf. <er>Inmesh</er>.]</ety> <def>To catch or entangle in, or as in, meshes.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>My doubts <b>enmesh</b> me if I try.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enmew</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*mew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Emmew</er>.</def>

<h1>Enmist</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*mist"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To infold, as in a mist.</def>

<h1>Enmity</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En"mi*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Enmities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>enemyte</ets>, fr. <ets>enemy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inimiti\'82</ets>, OF. <ets>enemisti\'82</ets>. See <er>Enemy</er>, and cf. <er>Amity</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being an enemy; hostile or unfriendly disposition.</def>

<blockquote>No ground of <b>enmity</b> between us known.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of opposition; hostility.</def>

<blockquote>The friendship of the world is <b>enmity</b> with God.
<i>James iv. 4.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Rancor; hostility; hatred; aversion; antipathy; repugnance; animosity; ill will; malice; malevolence. See <er>Animosity</er>, <er>Rancor</er>.</syn>

<h1>Enmossed</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*mossed"</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>moss</ets>.]</ety> <def>Covered with moss; mossed.</def>

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Enmove</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*move"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Emmove</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Enmuffle</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*muf"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To muffle up.</def>

<h1>Enmure</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*mure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To immure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ennation</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ nine.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ninth segment in insects.</def>

<h1>Ennead</h1>
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<hw>En"ne*ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ nine.]</ety> <def>The number nine or a group of nine.</def>

<cs><col>The Enneads</col>, <cd>the title given to the works of the philosopher Plotinus, published by his pupil Porphyry; -- so called because each of the six books into which it is divided contains nine chapters.</cd></cs>

<h1>Enneagon</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En"ne*a*gon</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ nine + corner, angle: cf. <ets>enn\'82agone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A polygon or plane figure with nine sides and nine angles; a nonagon.</def>

<h1>Enneagonal</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En`ne*ag"o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Belonging to an enneagon; having nine angles.</def>

<h1>Enneagynous</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En`ne*ag"y*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ nine + <?/ woman, female.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having or producing nine pistils or styles; -- said of a flower or plant.</def>

<h1>Enheahedral</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En`he*a*he"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ nine + <?/ side.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Having nine sides.</def>

<h1>Enheahedria, Enheahedron</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw><hw>En`he*a*he"dri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En`he*a*he"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A figure having nine sides; a nonagon.</def>

<h1>Enneandria</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En`ne*an"dri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ nine + <?/, <?/, man, male: cf. F. <ets>enn\'82andrie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an class of plants having nine stamens.</def>

<h1>Enneandrian, Enneandrous</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw><hw>En`ne*an"dri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En`ne*an"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having nine stamens.</def>

<h1>Enneapetalous</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En`ne*a*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ nine + E. <ets>petalous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>enn\'82ap\'82tale</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having nine petals, or flower leaves.</def>

<h1>Enneaspermous</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En`ne*a*sper"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having nine seeds; -- said of fruits.</def>

<h1>Enneatic, Enneatical</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw><hw>En`ne*at"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En`ne*at"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ nine.]</ety> <def>Occurring once in every nine times, days, years, etc.; every ninth.</def>

<cs><col>Enneatical day</col>, <cd>every ninth day of a disease.</cd> -- <col>Enneatical year</col>, <cd>every ninth year of a man's life.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ennew</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*new"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>new</ets>. Cf. <er>Innovate</er>.]</ety> <def>To make new.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Enniche</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*niche"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To place in a niche.</def>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Ennoble</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*no"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ennobled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ennobling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>noble</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ennoblir</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make noble; to elevate in degree, qualities, or excellence; to dignify.</def> "<i>Ennobling</i> all that he touches."

<i>Trench.</i>

<blockquote>What can <b>ennoble</b> sots, or slaves, or cowards?
Alas! not all the blood of all the Howards.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To raise to the rank of nobility; <as>as, to <ex>ennoble</ex> a commoner</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To raise; dignify; exalt; elevate; aggrandize.</syn>

<h1>Ennoblement</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*no"ble*ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of making noble, or of exalting, dignifying, or advancing to nobility.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which ennobles; excellence; dignity.</def>

<h1>Ennobler</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En*no"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who ennobles.</def>

<h1>Ennui</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En`nui"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>in odio</ets> in hatred. See <er>Annoy</er>.]</ety> <def>A feeling of weariness and disgust; dullness and languor of spirits, arising from satiety or want of interest; tedium.</def>

<i>T. Gray.</i>

<h1>Ennuy\'82</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En`nuy`\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. p. of <ets>ennuyer</ets>. See <er>Ennui</er>.]</ety> <def>Affected with ennui; weary in spirits; emotionally exhausted.</def>

<h1>Ennuy\'82</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En`nuy`\'82"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>One who is affected with ennui.</def>

<h1>Ennuy\'82e</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>En`nuy`\'82e"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A woman affected with ennui.</def>

<i>Mrs. Jameson.</i>

<h1>Enodal</h1>
<Xpage=494>

<hw>E*nod"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Without a node.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<hr>
<page="495">
Page 495<p>

<h1>Enodation</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En`o*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>enodatio</ets> explanation, fr. <ets>enodare</ets> to free from knots. See <er>Enode</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or operation of clearing of knots, or of untying; hence, also, the solution of a difficulty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Enode</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>E*node"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>enodare</ets>; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>nodare</ets> to fill with knots, <ets>nodus</ets> a knot.]</ety> <def>To clear of knots; to make clear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Enoint</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>E*noint"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anointed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Enomotarch</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>E*nom"o*tarch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ leader. See <er>Enomoty</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The commander of an enomoty.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Enomoty</h1>
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<hw>E*nom"o*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ sworn; <?/ in + <?/ to swear.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A band of sworn soldiers; a division of the Spartan army ranging from twenty-five to thirty-six men, bound together by oath.</def>

<h1>Enopla</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En"o*pla</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/  armed; <?/ in + <?/, pl., armor.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the orders of Nemertina, characterized by the presence of a peculiar armature of spines or plates in the proboscis.</def>

<h1>Enoptomancy</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En*op"to*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ visible in (a thing) + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by the use of a mirror.</def>

<h1>Enorm</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>E*norm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82norme</ets>. See <er>Enormous</er>.]</ety> <def>Enormous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Enormity</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>E*nor"mi*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Enormities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>enormitas</ets>, fr. <ets>enormis</ets> enormous: cf. F. <ets>\'82normit\'82</ets>. See <er>Enormous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of exceeding a measure or rule, or of being immoderate, monstrous, or outrageous.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>enormity</b> of his learned acquisitions.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is enormous; especially, an exceeding offense against order, right, or decency; an atrocious crime; flagitious villainy; an atrocity.</def>

<blockquote>These clamorous <b>enormities</b> which are grown too big and strong for law or shame.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enormous</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>E*nor"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>enormis</ets> enormous, out of rule; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>norma</ets> rule: cf. F. <ets>\'82norme</ets>. See <er>Normal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Exceeding the usual rule, norm, or measure; out of due proportion; inordinate; abnormal.</def> "<i>Enormous</i> bliss." <i>Milton</i>. "This <i>enormous</i> state." <i>Shak</i>. "The hoop's <i>enormous</i> size."

<i>Jenyns.</i>

<blockquote>Wallowing unwieldy, <b>enormous</b> in their gait.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exceedingly wicked; outrageous; atrocious; monstrous; <as>as, an <ex>enormous</ex> crime</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That detestable profession of a life so <b>enormous</b>.
<i>Bale.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Huge; vast; immoderate; immense; excessive; prodigious; monstrous.</syn>  <usage>-- <er>Enormous</er>, <er>Immense</er>, <er>Excessive</er>. We speak of a thing as <i>enormous</i> when it overpasses its ordinary law of existence or far exceeds its proper average or standard, and becomes -- so to speak -- <i>abnormal</i> in its magnitude, degree, etc.; <as>as, a man of <ex>enormous</ex> strength; a deed of <ex>enormous</ex> wickedness</as>. <i>Immense</i> expresses somewhat indefinitely an immeasurable quantity or extent. <i>Excessive</i> is applied to what is beyond a just measure or amount, and is always used in an evil; <as>as, <ex>enormous</ex> size</as>; an <ex>enormous</ex> crime</as>; an <i>immense</i> expenditure; the expanse of ocean is <i>immense</i>. "<i>Excessive</i> levity and indulgence are ultimately <i>excessive</i> rigor." <i>V. Knox</i>. "Complaisance becomes servitude when it is <i>excessive</i>."  <i>La Rochefoucauld (Trans).</i></usage>

<h1>Enormously</h1>
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<hw>E*nor"mous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an enormous degree.</def>

<h1>Enormousness</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>E*nor"mous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being enormous.</def>

<h1>Enorthotrope</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En*or"tho*trope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ in + <?/  upright, correct + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <def>An optical toy; a card on which confused or imperfect figures are drawn, but which form to the eye regular figures when the card is rapidly revolved. See <er>Thaumatrope</er>.</def>

<h1>Enough</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>E*nough"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>inoh</ets>, <ets>inow</ets>, <ets>enogh</ets>, AS. <ets>gen<?/h</ets>, <ets>gen<?/g</ets>, a. & adv. (akin to OS. <ets>gin<?/g</ets>, D. <ets>genoeg</ets>, OHG. <ets>ginoug</ets>, G. <ets>genug</ets>, Icel. <ets>gn<?/gr</ets>, Sw. <ets>nog</ets>, Dan. <ets>nok</ets>, Goth. <ets>gan<?/hs</ets>), fr. <ets>geneah</ets> it suffices (akin to Goth. <ets>ganah</ets>); pref. <ets>ge-</ets> + a root akin to L. <ets>nancisci</ets> to get, Skr. <ets>na<?/</ets>, Gr. <?/ to carry.]</ety> <def>Satisfying desire; giving content; adequate to meet the want; sufficient; -- usually, and more elegantly, following the noun to which it belongs.</def>

<blockquote>How many hired servants of my father's have bread <b>enough</b> and to spare!
<i>Luke xv. 17.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enough</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>E*nough"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In a degree or quantity that satisfies; to satisfaction; sufficiently.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fully; quite; -- used to express slight augmentation of the positive degree, and sometimes equivalent to <i>very</i>; <as>as, he is ready <ex>enough</ex> to embrace the offer</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I know you well <b>enough</b>; you are Signior Antonio.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou knowest well <b>enough</b> . . . that this is no time to lend money.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In a tolerable degree; -- used to express mere acceptableness or acquiescence, and implying a degree or quantity rather less than is desired; <as>as, the song was well <ex>enough</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Enough</i> usually follows the word it modifies.</note>

<h1>Enough</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>E*nough"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sufficiency; a quantity which satisfies desire, is adequate to the want, or is equal to the power or ability; <as>as, he had <ex>enough</ex> to do take care of himself</as>.</def> "<i>Enough</i> is as good as a feast."

<blockquote>And Esau said, I have <b>enough</b>, my brother.
<i>Gen. xxxiii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enough</h1>
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<hw>E*nough"</hw>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>An exclamation denoting sufficiency, being a shortened form of <i>it is enough</i>.</def>

<h1>Enounce</h1>
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<hw>E*nounce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enounced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enouncing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82noncer</ets>, L. <ets>enuntiare</ets>; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>nuntiare</ets> to announce, fr. <ets>nuntius</ets> messenger. See <er>Nuncio</er>, and cf. <er>Enunciate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To announce; to declare; to state, as a proposition or argument.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To utter; to articulate.</def>

<blockquote>The student should be able to <b>enounce</b> these [sounds] independently.
<i>A. M. Bell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enouncement</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>E*nounce"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of enouncing; that which is enounced.</def>

<h1>Enow</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>E*now"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A form of <er>Enough</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enpatron</h1>
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<hw>En*pa"tron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To act the part of a patron towards; to patronize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enpierce</h1>
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<hw>En*pierce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Empierce</er>.]</ety> <def>To pierce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enquere</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En*quere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To inquire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Enquicken</h1>
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<hw>En*quick"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To quicken; to make alive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Enquire</h1>
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<hw>En*quire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>See <er>Inquire</er>.</def>

<h1>Enquirer</h1>
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<hw>En*quir"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Inquirer</er>.</def>

<h1>Enquiry</h1>
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<hw>En*quir"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Inquiry</er>.</def>

<h1>Enrace</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En*race"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>race</ets> lineage.]</ety> <def>To enroot; to implant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Enrage</h1>
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<hw>En*rage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enraged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enraging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>enrager</ets> to be enraged; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>rage</ets> rage. See <er>Rage</er>.]</ety> <def>To fill with rage; to provoke to frenzy or madness; to make furious.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To irritate; incense; inflame; exasperate; provoke; anger; madden; infuriate.</syn>

<h1>Enragement</h1>
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<hw>En*rage"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of enraging or state of being enraged; excitement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Enrange</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En*range"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>range</ets>. Cf. <er>Enrank</er>, <er>Arrange</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To range in order; to put in rank; to arrange.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rove over; to range.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Enrank</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En*rank"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>rank</ets>.]</ety> <def>To place in ranks or in order.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enrapt</h1>
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<hw>En*rapt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>rapt</ets>. Cf. <er>Enravish</er>.]</ety> <def>Thrown into ecstasy; transported; enraptured.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enrapture</h1>
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<hw>En*rap"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enraptured</er> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enrapturing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To transport with pleasure; to delight beyond measure; to enravish.</def>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<h1>Enravish</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En*rav"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To transport with delight; to enrapture; to fascinate.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Enravishingly</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En*rav"ish*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to throw into ecstasy.</def>

<h1>Enravishment</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En*rav"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being enravished or enraptured; ecstasy; rapture.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Enregister</h1>
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<hw>En*reg"is*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>register</ets>: cf. F. <ets>enregistrer</ets>. Cf. <er>Inregister</er>.]</ety> <def>To register; to enroll or record; to inregister.</def>

<blockquote>To read <b>enregistered</b> in every nook
His goodness, which His beauty doth declare.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enrheum</h1>
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<hw>En*rheum"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>rheum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>s'enrhumer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To contract a rheum.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Enrich</h1>
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<hw>En*rich"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enriched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enriching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>enrichir</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>riche</ets> rich. See <er>Rich</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make rich with any kind of wealth; to render opulent; to increase the possessions of; <as>as, to <ex>enrich</ex> the understanding with knowledge</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Seeing, Lord, your great mercy
Us hath <b>enriched</b> so openly.
<i>Chaucer's Dream.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To supply with ornament; to adorn; <as>as, to <ex>enrich</ex> a ceiling by frescoes</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make rich with manure; to fertilize; -- said of the soil; <as>as, to <ex>enrich</ex> land by irrigation</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To supply with knowledge; to instruct; to store; -- said of the mind.</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Enricher</h1>
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<hw>En*rich"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who enriches.</def>

<h1>Enrichment</h1>
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<hw>En*rich"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of making rich, or that which enriches; increase of value by improvements, embellishment, etc.; decoration; embellishment.</def>

<h1>Enridge</h1>
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<hw>En*ridge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form into ridges.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enring</h1>
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<hw>En*ring"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To encircle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Muses and the Graces, grouped in threes,
<b>Enringed</b> a billowing fountain in the midst.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enripen</h1>
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<hw>En*rip"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To ripen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Enrive</h1>
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<hw>En*rive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To rive; to cleave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Enrobe</h1>
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<hw>En*robe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>robe</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>enrober</ets>.]</ety> <def>To invest or adorn with a robe; to attire.</def>

<h1>Enrockment</h1>
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<hw>En*rock"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>rock</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mass of large stones thrown into water at random to form bases of piers, breakwaters, etc.</def>

<h1>Enroll</h1>
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<hw>En*roll"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enrolled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enrolling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>roll</ets>: cf. F. <ets>enr\'93ler</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>r\'93le</ets> roll or register. See <er>Roll</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>enrol</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To insert in a roil; to register or enter in a list or catalogue or on rolls of court; hence, to record; to insert in records; to leave in writing; <as>as, to <ex>enroll</ex> men for service; to <ex>enroll</ex> a decree or a law</as>; also, reflexively, to enlist.</def>

<blockquote>An unwritten law of common right, so engraven in the hearts of our ancestors, and by them so constantly enjoyed and claimed, as that it needed not <b>enrolling</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All the citizen capable of bearing arms <b>enrolled</b> themselves.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To envelop; to inwrap; to involve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Enroller</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En*roll"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who enrolls or registers.</def>

<h1>Enrollment</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En*roll"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>enr\'93lement</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>enrolment</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of enrolling; registration.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A writing in which anything is enrolled; a register; a record.</def>

<i>Sir J. Davies.</i>

<h1>Enroot</h1>
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<hw>En*root"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fix by the root; to fix fast; to implant deep.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enround</h1>
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<hw>En*round"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surround.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>En route</h1>
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<hw>En` route"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>On the way or road.</def>

<h1>Ens</h1>
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<hw>Ens</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., <ets>ens</ets>, <ets>entis</ets>, a thing. See <er>Entity</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Entity, being, or existence; an actually existing being; also, God, as the Being of Beings.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Something supposed to condense within itself all the virtues and qualities of a substance from which it is extracted; essence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ensaf</</h1>
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<hw>En*saf<?/"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make safe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hall.</i>

<h1>Ensample</h1>
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<hw>En*sam"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ensample</ets>, <ets>essample</ets>, F. <ets>exemple</ets>. See <er>Example</er>.]</ety> <def>An example; a pattern or model for imitation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tyndale.</i>

<blockquote>Being <b>ensamples</b> to the flock.
<i><?/ Pet. v. 3.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ensample</h1>
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<hw>En*sam"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exemplify, to show by example.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Ensanguine</h1>
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<hw>En*san"guine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To stain or cover with blood; to make bloody, or of a blood-red color; <as>as, an <ex>ensanguined</ex> hue</as>.</def> "The <i>ensanguined</i> field."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Ensate</h1>
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<hw>En"sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>ensatus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ensis</ets> sword.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having sword-shaped leaves, or appendages; ensiform.</def>

<h1>Enscale</h1>
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<hw>En*scale"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with scales.</def>

<h1>Enshedule</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En*shed"ule</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To insert in a schedule. See <er>Schedule</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ensconce</h1>
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<hw>En*sconce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ensconced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ensconcing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover or shelter, as with a sconce or fort; to place or hide securely; to conceal.</def>

<blockquote>She shall not see me: I will <b>ensconce</b> me behind the arras.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enseal</h1>
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<hw>En*seal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To impress with a seal; to mark as with a seal; hence, to ratify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This deed I do <b>enseal</b>.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enseam</h1>
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<hw>En*seam"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>seam</ets> suture. Cf. <er>Inseam</er>.]</ety> <def>To sew up; to inclose by a seam; hence, to include; to contain.</def>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Enseam</h1>
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<hw>En*seam"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>seam</ets> grease.]</ety> <def>To cover with grease; to defile; to pollute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In the rank sweat of an <b>enseamed</b> bed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ensear</h1>
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<hw>En*sear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sear; to dry up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Ensear</b> thy fertile and conceptious womb.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ensearch</h1>
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<hw>En*search"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>encerchier</ets>. See <er>Search</er>.]</ety> <def>To make search; to try to find something.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><tt>v. t. </tt> <def>To search for.</def></def2> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Enseel</h1>
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<hw>En*seel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To close eyes of; to seel; -- said in reference to a hawk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Enseint</h1>
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<hw>En*seint"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>With child; pregnant. See <er>Enceinte</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ensemble</h1>
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<hw>En`sem"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The whole; all the parts taken together.</def>

<h1>Ensemble</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En`sem"ble</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>All at once; together.</def>

<h1>Enshelter</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En*shel"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shelter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Enshield</h1>
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<hw>En*shield"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To defend, as with a shield; to shield.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enshield</h1>
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<hw>En*shield"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shielded; enshielded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enshrine</h1>
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<hw>En*shrine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enshrined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enshrining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To inclose in a shrine or chest; hence, to preserve or cherish as something sacred; <as>as, to <ex>enshrine</ex> something in memory</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We will <b>enshrine</b> it as holy relic.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enshroud</h1>
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<hw>En*shroud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with, or as with, a shroud; to shroud.</def>

<i>Churchill.</i>

<h1>Ensiferous</h1>
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<hw>En*sif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ensifer</ets>; <ets>ensis</ets> sword + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>ensif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing a sword.</def>

<h1>Ensiform</h1>
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<hw>En"si*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ensis</ets> sword + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ensiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a sword blade; sword-shaped; <as>as, an <ex>ensiform</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Ensiform cartilage</col>, &and; <col>Ensiform process</col></mcol>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Xiphisternum</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ensign</h1>
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<hw>En"sign</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>enseigne</ets>, L. <ets>insignia</ets>, pl. of <ets>insigne</ets> a distinctive mark, badge, flag; <ets>in + signum</ets> mark, sign. See <er>Sign</er>, and cf. <er>Insignia</er>, 3d <er>Ancient</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A flag; a banner; a standard; esp., the national flag, or a banner indicating nationality, carried by a ship or a body of soldiers; -- as distinguished from flags indicating divisions of the army, rank of naval officers, or private signals, and the like.</def>

<blockquote>Hang up your <b>ensigns</b>, let your drums be still.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A signal displayed like a standard, to give notice.</def>

<blockquote>He will lift an <b>ensign</b> to the nations from far.
<i>Is. v. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sign; badge of office, rank, or power; symbol.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>ensigns</b> of our power about we bear.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Formerly, a commissioned officer of the army who carried the ensign or flag of a company or regiment.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A commissioned officer of the lowest grade in the navy, corresponding to the grade of second lieutenant in the army.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<note>&hand; In the British army the rank of <i>ensign</i> was abolished in 1871. In the United States army the rank is not recognized; the regimental flags being carried by a sergeant called the <i>color sergeant</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Ensign bearer</col>, <cd>one who carries a flag; an ensign.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ensign</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En"sign</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To designate as by an ensign.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Henry but joined the roses that <b>ensigned</b>
Particular families.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To distinguish by a mark or ornament; esp. <fld>(Her.)</fld>, by a crown; thus, any charge which has a crown immediately above or upon it, is said to be <i>ensigned</i>.</def>

<h1>Ensigncy</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En"sign*cy</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ensigncies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The rank or office of an ensign.</def>

<h1>Ensignship</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En"sign*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or rank of an ensign.</def>

<h1>Ensilage</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En"si*lage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>silo</ets>. See <er>Silo</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The process of preserving fodder (such as cornstalks, rye, oats, millet, etc.) by compressing it while green and fresh in a pit or vat called a silo, where it is kept covered from the air; as the <i>ensilage</i> of fodder.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fodder preserved in a silo.</def>

<h1>Ensilage</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En"si*lage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ensilaged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ensilaging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To preserve in a silo; <as>as, to <ex>ensilage</ex> cornstalks</as>.</def>

<h1>Ensky</h1>
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<hw>En*sky"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To place in the sky or in heaven.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A thing <i>enskied</i> and sainted."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enslave</h1>
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<hw>En*slave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enslaved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enslaving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To reduce to slavery; to make a slave of; to subject to a dominant influence.</def>

<blockquote>The conquer'd, also, and <b>enslaved</b> by war,
Shall, with their freedom lost, all virtue lose.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Pleasure admitted in undue degree
<b>Enslaves</b> the will.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enslavedness</h1>
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<hw>En*slav"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being enslaved.</def>

<h1>Enslavement</h1>
<Xpage=495>

<hw>En*slave"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reducing to slavery; state of being enslaved; bondage; servitude.</def>

<blockquote>A fresh <b>enslavement</b> to their enemies.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="496">
Page 496<p>

<h1>Enslaver</h1>
<Xpage=496>

<hw>En*slav"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who enslaves.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Ensnare</h1>
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<hw>En*snare"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To catch in a snare. See <er>Insnare</er>.</def>

<h1>Ensnarl</h1>
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<hw>En*snarl"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To entangle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Ensober</h1>
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<hw>En*so"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make sober.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sad accidents to <b>ensober</b> his spirits.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ensoul</h1>
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<hw>En*soul"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To indue or imbue (a body) with soul.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Ensphere</h1>
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<hw>En*sphere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>sphere</ets>. Cf. <er>Insphere</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To place in a sphere; to envelop.</def>

<blockquote>His ample shoulders in a cloud <b>ensphered</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form into a sphere.</def>

<h1>Enstamp</h1>
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<hw>En*stamp"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To stamp; to mark as <?/ith a stamp; to impress deeply.</def>

<blockquote>It is the motive . . . which <b>enstamps</b> the character.
<i>Gogan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enstate</h1>
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<hw>En*state"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Instate</er>.</def>

<h1>Enstatite</h1>
<Xpage=496>

<hw>En"sta*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named fr. Gr. <?/ an adversary, because infusible before the blowpipe.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of the pyroxene group, orthorhombic in crystallization; often fibrous and massive; color grayish white or greenish. It is a silicate of magnesia with some iron. Bronzite is a ferriferous variety.</def>

<h1>Enstatitic</h1>
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<hw>En`sta*tit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to enstatite.</def>

<h1>Enstore</h1>
<Xpage=496>

<hw>En*store"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Instaurate</er>.]</ety> <def>To restore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Enstyle</h1>
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<hw>En*style"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To style; to name.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ensuable</h1>
<Xpage=496>

<hw>En*su"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ensuing; following.</def>

<h1>Ensue</h1>
<Xpage=496>

<hw>En*sue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ensued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ensuing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>ensevre</ets>, OF. &  F. <ets>ensuivre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>insequi</ets>; <ets>in + sequi</ets> to pursue. See <er>Sue</er>.]</ety> <def>To follow; to pursue; to follow and overtake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Seek peace, and <i>ensue</i> it."

<i>1 Pet. iii. 11.</i>

<blockquote>To <b>ensue</b> his example in doing the like mischief.
<i>Golding.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ensue</h1>
<Xpage=496>

<hw>En*sue"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To follow or come afterward; to follow as a consequence or in chronological succession; to result; <as>as, an <ex>ensuing</ex> conclusion or effect; the year <ex>ensuing</ex> was a cold one.</as></def>

<blockquote>So spoke the Dame, but no applause <b>ensued</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Damage to the mind or the body, or to both, <b>ensues</b>, unless the exciting cause be presently removed.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To follow; pursue; succeed. See <er>Follow</er>.</syn>

<h1>Ensure</h1>
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<hw>En*sure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make sure. See <er>Insure</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To betroth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Ensurer</h1>
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<hw>En*sur"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Insurer</er>.</def>

<h1>Enswathe</h1>
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<hw>En*swathe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To swathe; to envelop, as in swaddling clothes.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enswathement</h1>
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<hw>En*swathe"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of enswathing, or the state of being enswathed.</def>

<h1>Ensweep</h1>
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<hw>En*sweep"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sweep over or across; to pass over rapidly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Ent-</h1>
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<hw>Ent-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A prefix signifying <i>within</i>. See <er>Ento-</er>.</def>

<h1>-ent</h1>
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<hw>-ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>-ent</ets>, L. <ets>-ens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>.]</ety> <def>An adjective suffix signifying <i>action</i> or <i>being</i>; <as>as, corrod<ex>ent</ex>, excell<ex>ent</ex>, emerg<ex>ent</ex>, contin<ex>ent</ex>, quiesc<ex>ent</ex></as>. See <er>-ant</er>.</def>

<h1>Entablature</h1>
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<hw>En*tab"la*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>entablature</ets>: cf. It <ets>intavolatura</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>intabulare</ets> to construct a basis; L. <ets>in + tabulatum</ets> board work, flooring, fr. <ets>tabula</ets>. See <er>Table</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The superstructure which lies horizontally upon the columns. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Column</er>, <er>Cornice</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; It is commonly divided into <i>architrave</i>, the part immediately above the column; <i>frieze</i>, the central space; and <i>cornice</i>, the upper projecting moldings.</note>

<i>Parker.</i>

<h1>Entablement</h1>
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<hw>En*tab"le*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>entablement</ets>, LL. <ets>intabulamentum</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Entablature</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Entackle</h1>
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<hw>En*tac"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To supply with tackle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Entad</h1>
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<hw>En"tad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ent-</ets> + L. <ets>ad</ets> towards.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Toward the inside or central part; away from the surface; -- opposed to <i>ectad</i>.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Entail</h1>
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<hw>En*tail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>entaile</ets> carving, OF. <ets>entaille</ets>, F., an incision, fr. <ets>entailler</ets> to cut away; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>tailler</ets> to cut; LL. <ets>feudum talliatum</ets> a fee entailed, i. e., curtailed or limited.  See <er>Tail</er> limitation, <er>Tailor</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is entailed</def>. Hence: <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An estate in fee entailed, or limited in descent to a particular class of issue</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The rule by which the descent is fixed.</def>

<blockquote>A power of breaking the ancient <b>entails</b>, and of alienating their estates.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Delicately carved ornamental work; intaglio.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A work of rich <i>entail</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Entail</h1>
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<hw>En*tail"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Entailed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Entailing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>entailen</ets> to carve, OF. <ets>entailler</ets>. See <er>Entail</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To settle or fix inalienably on a person or thing, or on a person and his descendants or a certain line of descendants; -- said especially of an estate; to bestow as an heritage.</def>

<blockquote>Allowing them to <b>entail</b> their estates.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I here <b>entail</b>
The crown to thee and to thine heirs forever.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To appoint hereditary possessor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>entail</b> him and his heirs unto the crown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cut or carve in a ornamental way.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Entailed</b> with curious antics.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Entailment</h1>
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<hw>En*tail"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of entailing or of giving, as an estate, and directing the mode of descent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The condition of being entailed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A thing entailed.</def>

<blockquote>Brutality as an hereditary <b>entailment</b> becomes an ever weakening force.
<i>R. L. Dugdale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ental</h1>
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<hw>En"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ent-</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or situated near, central or deep parts; inner; -- opposed to <i>ectal</i>.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Entame</h1>
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<hw>En*tame"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Entangle</h1>
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<hw>En*tan"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Entangled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Entangling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To twist or interweave in such a manner as not to be easily separated; to make tangled, confused, and intricate; <as>as, to <ex>entangle</ex> yarn or the hair</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To involve in such complications as to render extrication a bewildering difficulty; hence, metaphorically, to insnare; to perplex; to bewilder; to puzzle; <as>as, to <ex>entangle</ex> the feet in a net, or in briers</as>.</def> "<i>Entangling</i> alliances."

<i>Washington.</i>

<blockquote>The difficulties that perplex men's thoughts and <b>entangle</b> their understandings.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Allowing her to <b>entangle</b> herself with a person whose future was so uncertain.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Entanglement</h1>
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<hw>En*tan"gle*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being entangled; intricate and confused involution; that which entangles; intricacy; perplexity.</def>

<h1>Entangler</h1>
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<hw>En*tan"gler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One that entangles.</def>

<h1>Entasia</h1>
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<hw>En*ta"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Entasis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Tonic spasm; -- applied generically to denote any disease characterized by tonic spasms, as tetanus, trismus, etc.</def>

<h1>Entasis</h1>
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<hw>En"ta*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a stretching; fr. <?/; <?/ in + <?/ to extend.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A slight convex swelling of the shaft of a column.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Entasia</er>.</def>

<h1>Entassment</h1>
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<hw>En*tass"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>entassement</ets>, fr. <ets>entasser</ets> to heap up.]</ety> <def>A heap; accumulation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Entastic</h1>
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<hw>En*tas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Formed as if fr. (assumed) Gr. <?/. See <er>Entasis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relating to any disease characterized by tonic spasms.</def>

<h1>Entelechy</h1>
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<hw>En*tel"e*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>entelechia</ets>, Gr. <?/, prob. fr. <?/ <?/ <?/ to be complete; <?/ + <?/ completion, end + <?/ to have or hold.]</ety> <fld>(Peripatetic Philos.)</fld> <def>An actuality; a conception completely actualized, in distinction from mere potential existence.</def>

<h1>Entellus</h1>
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<hw>En*tel"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., the specific name, fr. Gr. <?/ to command.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An East Indian long-tailed bearded monkey (<spn>Semnopithecus entellus</spn>) regarded as sacred by the natives. It is remarkable for the caplike arrangement of the hair on the head. Called also <altname>hoonoomaun</altname> and <altname>hungoor</altname>.</def>

<h1>Entend</h1>
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<hw>En*tend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>entendre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>intendere</ets>. See <er>Intend</er>.]</ety> <def>To attend to; to apply one's self to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Entender</h1>
<Xpage=496>

<hw>En*ten"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make tender.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat with tenderness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Ententive</h1>
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<hw>En*ten"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ententif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Attentive; zealous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Enter-</h1>
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<hw>En"ter-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>entre</ets> between, fr. L. <ets>inter</ets>. See <er>Inter-</er>]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying <i>between</i>, <i>among</i>, <i>part</i>.</def>

<h1>Enter</h1>
<Xpage=496>

<hw>En"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Entered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Entering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>entren</ets>, <ets>enteren</ets>, F. <ets>entrer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>intrare</ets>, fr. <ets>intro</ets> inward, contr. fr. <ets>intero</ets> (sc. <ets>loco</ets>), fr. <ets>inter</ets> in between, between. See <er>Inter-</er>, <er>In</er>, and cf. <er>Interior</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To come or go into; to pass into the interior of; to pass within the outer cover or shell of; to penetrate; to pierce; <as>as, to <ex>enter</ex> a house, a closet, a country, a door, etc.; the river <ex>enters</ex> the sea.</as></def>

<blockquote>That darksome cave they <b>enter</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I, . . . with the multitude of my redeemed,
Shall <b>enter</b> heaven, long absent.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To unite in; to join; to be admitted to; to become a member of; <as>as, to <ex>enter</ex> an association, a college, an army</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To engage in; to become occupied with; <as>as, to <ex>enter</ex> the legal profession, the book trade, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To pass within the limits of; to attain; to begin; to commence upon; <as>as, to <ex>enter</ex> one's teens, a new era, a new dispensation</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To cause to go (into), or to be received (into); to put in; to insert; to cause to be admitted; <as>as, to <ex>enter</ex> a knife into a piece of wood, a wedge into a log; to <ex>enter</ex> a boy at college, a horse for a race, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To inscribe; to enroll; to record; <as>as, to <ex>enter</ex> a name, or a date, in a book, or a book in a catalogue; to <ex>enter</ex> the particulars of a sale in an account, a manifest of a ship or of merchandise at the customhouse.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To go into or upon, as lands, and take actual possession of them.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To place in regular form before the court, usually in writing; to put upon record in proper from and order; <as>as, to <ex>enter</ex> a writ, appearance, rule, or judgment</as>.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To make report of (a vessel or her cargo) at the customhouse; to submit a statement of (imported goods), with the original invoices, to the proper officer of the customs for estimating the duties. See <er>Entry</er>, <p><b>4.</b></def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To file or inscribe upon the records of the land office the required particulars concerning (a quantity of public land) in order to entitle a person to a right pf pre\'89mption.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To deposit for copyright the title or description of (a book, picture, map, etc.); <as>as, "<ex>entered</ex> according to act of Congress</as>."</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>To initiate; to introduce favorably.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enter</h1>
<Xpage=496>

<hw>En"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To go or come in; -- often with <i>in</i> used pleonastically; also, to begin; to take the first steps.</def> "The year <i>entering</i>."

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<blockquote>No evil thing approach nor <b>enter</b> in.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Truth is fallen in the street, and equity can not <b>enter</b>.
<i>Is. lix. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For we which have believed do <b>enter</b> into rest.
<i>Heb. iv. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To get admission; to introduce one's self; to penetrate; to form or constitute a part; to become a partaker or participant; to share; to engage; -- usually with <i>into</i>; sometimes with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>; <as>as, a ball <ex>enters</ex> into the body; water <ex>enters</ex> into a ship; he <ex>enters</ex> into the plan; to <ex>enter</ex> into a quarrel; a merchant <ex>enters</ex> into partnership with some one; to <ex>enter</ex> upon another's land; the boy <ex>enters</ex> on his tenth year; to <ex>enter</ex> upon a task; lead <ex>enters</ex> into the composition of pewter.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To penetrate mentally; to consider attentively; -- with <i>into</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He is particularly pleased with . . . Sallust for his <b>entering</b> into internal principles of action.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enteradenography</h1>
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<hw>En`ter*ad`e*nog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an intestine + <?/ a gland + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise upon, or description of, the intestinal glands.</def>

<h1>Enteradenology</h1>
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<hw>En`ter*ad`e*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an intestine + <?/ a gland + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the glands of the alimentary canal.</def>

<h1>Enteralgia</h1>
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<hw>En`ter*al"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ an intestine + <?/ pain: cf. F. <ets>ent\'82ralgie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pain in the intestines; colic.</def>

<h1>Enterdeal</h1>
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<hw>En"ter*deal`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Enter-</ets> + <ets>deal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mutual dealings; intercourse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>enterdeal</b> of princes strange.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enterer</h1>
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<hw>En"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes an entrance or beginning.</def>

<i>A. Seward.</i>

<h1>Enteric</h1>
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<hw>En*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Enteritis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the enteron, or alimentary canal; intestinal.</def>

<cs><col>Enteric fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>typhoid fever.</cd></cs>

<h1>Enteritis</h1>
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<hw>En`te*ri"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ an intestine + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inflammation of the intestines.</def>

<i>Hoblyn.</i>

<h1>Enterlace</h1>
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<hw>En`ter*lace"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Interlace</er>.</def>

<h1>Entermete</h1>
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<hw>En`ter*mete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>s'entremettre</ets>; <ets>entre</ets> between + <ets>mettre</ets> to place.]</ety> <def>To interfere; to intermeddle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Entermewer</h1>
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<hw>En"ter*mew`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Enter-</ets> + <ets>mew</ets> to molt.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hawk gradually changing the color of its feathers, commonly in the second year.</def>

<h1>Entermise</h1>
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<hw>En`ter*mise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>entremise</ets>, fr. <ets>s'entremettre</ets>. See <er>Entermete</er>.]</ety> <def>Mediation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Enterocele</h1>
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<hw>En"ter*o*cele`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ an intestine + <?/ tumor, hernia.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A hernial tumor whose contents are intestine.</def>

<h1>Enteroc\'d2le</h1>
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<hw>En"ter*o*c\'d2le`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an intestine + <?/ a hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A perivisceral cavity which arises as an outgrowth or outgrowths from the digestive tract; distinguished from a <i>schizoc\'d2le</i>, which arises by a splitting of the mesoblast of the embryo.</def>

<h1>Enterography</h1>
<Xpage=496>

<hw>En`ter*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/  an intestine + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A treatise upon, or description of, the intestines; enterology.</def>

<h1>Enterolith</h1>
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<hw>En"ter*o*lith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an intestine + <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An intestinal concretion.</def>

<h1>Enterology</h1>
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<hw>En`ter*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an intestine + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ent\'82rologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the viscera of the body.</def>

<h1>Enteron</h1>
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<hw>En"te*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ an intestine, fr. <?/ within.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The whole alimentary, or enteric, canal.</def>

<h1>Enteropathy</h1>
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<hw>En`ter*op"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/  intestine + <?/ suffering.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Disease of the intestines.</def>

<h1>Enteropneusta</h1>
<Xpage=496>

<hw>En`te*rop*neus"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ an intestine + <?/ to breathe.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of wormlike invertebrates having, along the sides of the body, branchial openings for the branchial sacs, which are formed by diverticula of the alimentary canal. Balanoglossus is the only known genus. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Enterorrhaphy</h1>
<Xpage=496>

<hw>En`ter*or"rha*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an intestine + <?/ a sewing.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The operation of sewing up a rent in the intestinal canal.</def>

<h1>Enterotome</h1>
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<hw>En"ter*o*tome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ent\'82rotome</ets>. See <er>Enterotomy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of scissors used for opening the intestinal canal, as in post-mortem examinations.</def>

<h1>Enterotomy</h1>
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<hw>En`ter*ot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an intestine + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Incision of the intestines, especially in reducing certain cases of hernia.</def>

<h1>Enterparlance</h1>
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<hw>En`ter*par"lance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mutual talk or conversation; conference.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir J. Hayward.</i>

<h1>Enterplead</h1>
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<hw>En`ter*plead"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Interplead</er>.</def>

<h1>Enterprise</h1>
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<hw>En"ter*prise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>enterprise</ets>, fr. <ets>entreprendre</ets> to undertake; <ets>entre</ets> between (L. <ets>inter</ets>) + <ets>prendre</ets> to take. See <er>Inter</er>, and <er>Emprise</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is undertaken; something attempted to be performed; a work projected which involves activity, courage, energy, and the like; a bold, arduous, or hazardous attempt; an undertaking; <as>as, a manly <ex>enterprise</ex>; a warlike <ex>enterprise</ex>.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Their hands can not perform their <b>enterprise</b>.
<i>Job v. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Willingness or eagerness to engage in labor which requires boldness, promptness, energy, and like qualities; <as>as, a man of great <ex>enterprise</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Enterprise</h1>
<Xpage=496>

<hw>En"ter*prise</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To undertake; to begin and attempt to perform; to venture upon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The business must be <b>enterprised</b> this night.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What would I not renounce or <b>enterprise</b> for you!
<i>T. Otway.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat with hospitality; to entertain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Him at the threshold met, and well did <b>enterprise</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enterprise</h1>
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<hw>En"ter*prise</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To undertake an enterprise, or something hazardous or difficult.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Enterpriser</h1>
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<hw>En"ter*pri`ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who undertakes enterprises.</def>

<i>Sir J. Hayward.</i>

<h1>Enterprising</h1>
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<hw>En"ter*pri`sing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a disposition for enterprise; characterized by enterprise; resolute, active or prompt to attempt; <as>as, an <ex>enterprising</ex> man or firm</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>En"ter*pri`sing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Entertain</h1>
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<hw>En`ter*tain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Entertained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Entertaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>entretenir</ets>; <ets>entre</ets> between (L. <ets>inter</ets>) + <ets>tenir</ets> to hold, L. <ets>tenere</ets>. See <er>Tenable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To be at the charges of; to take or keep in one's service; to maintain; to support; to harbor; to keep.</def>

<hr>
<page="497">
Page 497<p>

<blockquote>You, sir, I <b>entertain</b> for one of my hundred.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give hospitable reception and maintenance to; to receive at one's board, or into one's house; to receive as a guest.</def>

<blockquote>Be not forgetful to <b>entertain</b> strangers; for thereby some have <b>entertained</b> unawares.
<i>Heb. xiii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To engage the attention of agreeably; to amuse with that which makes the time pass pleasantly; to divert; <as>as, to <ex>entertain</ex> friends with conversation, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>The weary time she can not <b>entertain</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give reception to; to receive, in general; to receive and take into consideration; to admit, treat, or make use of; <as>as, to <ex>entertain</ex> a proposal</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I am not here going to <b>entertain</b> so large a theme as the philosophy of Locke.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A rumor gained ground, -- and, however absurd, was <b>entertained</b> by some very sensible people.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To meet or encounter, as an enemy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To keep, hold, or maintain in the mind with favor; to keep in the mind; to harbor; to cherish; <as>as, to <ex>entertain</ex> sentiments</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To lead on; to bring along; to introduce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To baptize all nations, and <b>entertain</b> them into the services institutions of the holy Jesus.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To amuse; divert; maintain. See <er>Amuse</er>.</syn>

<h1>Entertain</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En`ter*tain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To receive, or provide entertainment for, guests; <as>as, he <ex>entertains</ex> generously</as>.</def>

<h1>Entertain</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En`ter*tain"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>entretien</ets>, fr. <ets>entretenir</ets>.]</ety> <def>Entertainment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Entertainer</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En`ter*tain"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who entertains.</def>

<h1>Entertaining</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En`ter*tain"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affording entertainment; pleasing; amusing; diverting.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>En`ter*tain"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>En`ter*tain"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Entertainment</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En`ter*tain"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>entretenement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of receiving as host, or of amusing, admitting, or cherishing; hospitable reception; also, reception or treatment, in general.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>entertainment</b> of Christ by faith.
<i>Baxter.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The sincere <b>entertainment</b> and practice of the precepts of the gospel.
<i>Bp. Sprat.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which entertains, or with which one is entertained; as: <sd>(a)</sd> Hospitality; hospitable provision for the wants of a guest; especially, provision for the table; a hospitable repast; a feast; a formal or elegant meal. <sd>(b)</sd> That which engages the attention agreeably, amuses or diverts, whether in private, as by conversation, etc., or in public, by performances of some kind; amusement.</def>

<blockquote>Theatrical <b>entertainments</b> conducted with greater elegance and refinement.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Admission into service; service.</def>

<blockquote>Some band of strangers in the adversary's <b>entertainment</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Payment of soldiers or servants; wages.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>entertainment</b> of the general upon his first arrival was but six shillings and eight pence.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Amusement; diversion; recreation; pastime; sport; feast; banquet; repast; carousal.</syn>

<h1>Entertake</h1>
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<hw>En`ter*take"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To entertain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Entertissued</h1>
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<hw>En`ter*tis"sued</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Intertissued</er>.</def>

<h1>Entheal, Enthean</h1>
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<hw><hw>En"the*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En"the*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ full of the god, inspired; <?/ in + <?/ god.]</ety> <def>Divinely inspired; wrought up to enthusiasm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Entheasm</h1>
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<hw>En"the*asm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inspiration; enthusiasm.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Religious <i>entheasm</i>."

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Entheastic</h1>
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<hw>En`the*as"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ inspired, fr. <?/, fr. <?/. See <er>Entheal</er>.]</ety> <def>Of godlike energy; inspired.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>En`the*as"tic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Entheat</h1>
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<hw>En"the*at</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>entheatus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Divinely inspired.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drummond.</i>

<h1>Enthelmintha, Enthelminthes</h1>
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<hw><hw>En`thel*min"tha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En`thel*min"thes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ within + <?/, <?/, worm.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Intestinal worms. See <er>Helminthes</er>.</def>

<h1>Entheic</h1>
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<hw>En*the"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fit for inserting; <?/ in + <?/ to place.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Caused by a morbifie virus implanted in the system; <as>as, an <ex>enthetic</ex> disease like syphilis</as>.</def>

<h1>Enthrall</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*thrall"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>thrall</ets>. Cf. <er>Inthrall</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>enthral</asp>.]</altsp> <def>To hold in thrall; to enslave. See <er>Inthrall</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The bars survive the captive they <b>enthrall</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enthrallment</h1>
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<hw>En*thrall"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of enthralling, or state of being enthralled. See <er>Inthrallment</er>.</def>

<h1>Enthrill</h1>
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<hw>En*thrill"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>thrill</ets>.]</ety> <def>To pierce; to thrill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sackville.</i>

<h1>Enthrone</h1>
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<hw>En*throne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>throne</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>enthroner</ets>. Cf. <er>Inthronize</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To seat on a throne; to exalt to the seat of royalty or of high authority; hence, to invest with sovereign authority or dignity.</def>

<blockquote>Beneath a sculptured arch he sits <b>enthroned</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It [mercy] is <b>enthroned</b> in the hearts of kings.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>To induct, as a bishop, into the powers and privileges of a vacant see.</def>

<h1>Enthronement</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*throne"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of enthroning, or state of being enthroned.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<h1>Enthronization</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*thron`i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of enthroning; hence, the admission of a bishop to his stall or throne in his cathedral.</def>

<h1>Enthronize</h1>
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<hw>En*thron"ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enthronized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enthronizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Inthronize</er>.]</ety> <def>To place on a throne; hence, to induct into office, as a bishop.</def>

<blockquote>There openly <b>enthronized</b> as the very elected king.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enthuse</h1>
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<hw>En*thuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To make or become enthusiastic.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Enthusiasm</h1>
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<hw>En*thu"si*asm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ , fr. <?/ to be inspired or possessed by the god, fr. <?/, <?/, inspired: cf. <ets>enthousiasme</ets>. See <er>Entheal</er>, <er>Theism</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Inspiration as if by a divine or superhuman power; ecstasy; hence, a conceit of divine possession and revelation, or of being directly subject to some divine impulse.</def>

<blockquote><b>Enthusiasm</b> is founded neither on reason nor divine revelation, but rises from the conceits of a warmed or overweening imagination.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of impassioned emotion; transport; elevation of fancy; exaltation of soul; <as>as, the poetry of <ex>enthusiasm</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Resolutions adopted in <b>enthusiasm</b> are often repented of when excitement has been succeeded by the wearing duties of hard everyday routine.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Exhibiting the seeming contradiction of susceptibility to <b>enthusiasm</b> and calculating shrewdness.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Enkindled and kindling fervor of soul; strong excitement of feeling on behalf of a cause or a subject; ardent and imaginative zeal or interest; <as>as, he engaged in his profession with <ex>enthusiasm</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Nothing great was ever achieved without <b>enthusiasm</b>.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Lively manifestation of joy or zeal.</def>

<blockquote>Philip was greeted with a tumultuous <b>enthusiasm</b>.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enthusiast</h1>
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<hw>En*thu"si*ast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>enthousiaste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One moved or actuated by enthusiasm; as: <sd>(a)</sd> One who imagines himself divinely inspired, or possessed of some special revelation; a religious madman; a fanatic. <sd>(b)</sd> One whose mind is wholly possessed and heated by what engages it; one who is influenced by a peculiar; fervor of mind; an ardent and imaginative person.</def>

<blockquote><b>Enthusiasts</b> soon understand each other.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Visionary; fanatic; devotee; zealot.</syn>

<h1>Enthusiastic, Enthusiastical</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw><hw>En*thu`si*as"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En*thu`si*as"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ .]</ety> <def>Filled with enthusiasm; characterized by enthusiasm; zealous; <as>as, an <ex>enthusiastic</ex> lover of art</as>.</def> "<i>Enthusiastical</i> raptures." <i>Calamy</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>En*thu`si*as"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>A young man . . . of a visionary and <b>enthusiastic</b> character.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enthusiastic</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*thu`si*as"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An enthusiast; a zealot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Enthymematic, Enthymematical</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw><hw>En`thy*me*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En`thy*me*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or of the form of, an enthymeme.</def>

<h1>Enthymeme</h1>
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<hw>En"thy*meme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to keep in mind, consider; <?/ in + <?/ mind, soul.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>An argument consisting of only two propositions, an antecedent and consequent deduced from it; a syllogism with one premise omitted; as, We are dependent; therefore we should be humble. Here the major proposition is suppressed. The complete syllogism would be, Dependent creatures should be humble; we are dependent creatures; therefore we should be humble.</def>

<h1>Entice</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*tice"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enticed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enticing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>entisen</ets>, <ets>enticen</ets>, OF. <ets>enticier</ets>, <ets>entichier</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + a word of uncertain origin, cf. OF. <ets>atisier</ets> to stir a fire, provoke, L. <ets>titio</ets> firebrand, or MHG. <ets>zicken</ets> to push.]</ety> <def>To draw on, by exciting hope or desire; to allure; to attract; <as>as, the bait <ex>enticed</ex> the fishes</as>. Often in a bad sense: To lead astray; to induce to evil; to tempt; <as>as, the sirens <ex>enticed</ex> them to listen</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Roses blushing as they blow,
And <b>enticing</b> men to pull.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My son, if sinners <b>entice</b> thee, consent thou not.
<i>Prov. i. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Go, and thine erring brother gain,
<b>Entice</b> him home to be forgiven.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To allure; lure; coax; decoy; seduce; tempt; inveigle; incite; persuade; prevail on. See <er>Allure</er>.</syn>

<h1>Enticeable</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*tice"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being enticed.</def>

<h1>Enticement</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*tice"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>enticement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of alluring or tempting; <as>as, the <ex>enticements</ex> of evil companions</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which entices, or incites to evil; means of allurement; alluring object; <as>as, an <ex>enticement</ex> to sin</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Allurement; attraction; temptation; seduction; inveiglement; persuasion; inducement.</syn>

<h1>Enticer</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*ti"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who entices; one who incites or allures to evil.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Enticing</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*ti"cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That entices; alluring.</def>

<h1>Enticingly</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*ti"cing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an enticing manner; charmingly.</def> "She . . . sings most <i>enticingly</i>."

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Entierty</h1>
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<hw>En*tier"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Entirety</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Entire</h1>
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<hw>En*tire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>entier</ets>, L. <ets>integer</ets> untouched, undiminished, entire; pref. <ets>in-</ets>, negative + the root of <ets>tangere</ets> to touch. See <er>Tangent</er>, and cf. <er>Integer</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Complete in all parts; undivided; undiminished; whole; full and perfect; not deficient; <as>as, the <ex>entire</ex> control of a business; <ex>entire</ex> confidence, ignorance.</as></def>

<blockquote>That ye may be perfect and <b>entire</b>, wanting nothing.
<i>James i. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With strength <b>entire</b> and free will armed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>One <b>entire</b> and perfect chrysolite.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without mixture or alloy of anything; unqualified; morally whole; pure; faithful.</def>

<blockquote>Pure fear and <b>entire</b> cowardice.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No man had ever a heart more <b>entire</b> to the king.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Consisting of a single piece, as a corolla.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having an evenly continuous edge, as a leaf which has no kind of teeth.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not gelded; -- said of a horse.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Internal; interior.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Whole</er>, and <er>Radical</er>.</syn>

<h1>Entire</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*tire"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Entirely.</def> "Too long to print in <i>entire</i>."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Brewing)</fld> <def>A name originally given to a kind of beer combining qualities of different kinds of beer.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> "Foker's <i>Entire</i>."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Entirely</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*tire"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In an entire manner; wholly; completely; fully; <as>as, the trace is <ex>entirely</ex> lost</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Euphrates falls not <b>entirely</b> into the Persian Sea.
<i>Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without alloy or mixture; truly; sincerely.</def>

<blockquote>To highest God <b>entirely</b> pray.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Entireness</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*tire"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or condition of being entire; completeness; fullness; totality; <as>as, the <ex>entireness</ex> of an arch or a bridge</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This same <b>entireness</b> or completeness.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Integrity; wholeness of heart; honesty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Entireness</b> in preaching the gospel.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Oneness; unity; -- applied to a condition of intimacy or close association.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>True Christian love may be separated from acquaintance, and acquaintance from <b>entireness</b>.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Entirety</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*tire"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Entireness</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OF. <ets>entieret\'82</ets>. Cf. <er>Integrity</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being entire; completeness; <as>as, <ex>entirely</ex> of interest</as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is entire; the whole.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Entitative</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En"ti*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Entity</er>.]</ety> <def>Considered as pure entity; abstracted from all circumstances.</def> <i>Ellis</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>En"ti*ta*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Entitle</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*ti"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Entitled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Entitling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>entituler</ets>, F. <ets>intituler</ets>, LL. <ets>intitulare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>in + titulus</ets> title. See <er>Title</er>, and cf. <er>Intitule</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To give a title to; to affix to as a name or appellation; hence, also, to dignify by an honorary designation; to denominate; to call; <as>as, to <ex>entitle</ex> a book "Commentaries;"  to <ex>entitle</ex> a man "Honorable."</as></def>

<blockquote>That which . . . we <b>entitle</b> patience.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give a claim to; to qualify for, with a direct object of the person, and a remote object of the thing; to furnish with grounds for seeking or claiming with success; <as>as, an officer's talents <ex>entitle</ex> him to command</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To attribute; to ascribe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The ancient proverb . . . <b>entitles</b> this work . . . peculiarly to God himself.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To name; designate; style; characterize; empower; qualify; enable; fit.</syn>

<h1>Entitule</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*tit"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Entitle</er>.]</ety> <def>To entitle.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Entity</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En"ti*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Entities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>entitas</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ens</ets>, <ets>entis</ets>, thing, prop. p. pr. of <ets>esse</ets> to be: cf. F. <ets>entit\'82</ets>. See <er>Essence</er>, <er>Is</er>.]</ety> <def>A real being, whether in thought (as an ideal conception) or in fact; being; essence; existence.</def>

<blockquote>Self-subsisting <b>entities</b>, such as our own personality.
<i>Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fortune is no real <b>entity</b>, . . . but a mere relative signification.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ento-</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En"to-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ within, fr. <?/ in. See <er>In</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form signifying <i>within</i>; <as>as, <ex>ento</ex>blast</as>.</def>

<h1>Entoblast</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En"to*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ento-</ets> + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The inner germ layer; endoderm. See <er>Nucleolus</er>.</def>

<h1>Entobronchium</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En`to*bron"chi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Entobronchia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[See <ets>Ento-</ets>, and <ets>Bronchia</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the main bronchi in the lungs of birds</plu>.</def>

<h1>Entocuneiform, Entocuniform</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw><hw>En`to*cu*ne"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En`to*cu"ni*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ento-</ets> + <ets>cuneiform</ets>, <ets>cuniform</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the bones of the tarsus. See <er>Cuneiform</er>.</def>

<h1>Entoderm</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En"to*derm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ento-</ets> + Gr. <?/ skin.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Endoderm</er>, and <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Blastoderm</er>.</def>

<h1>Entodermal, Entodermic</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw><hw>En`to*der"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En`to*der"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to the entoderm.</def>

<h1>Entogastric</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En`to*gas"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ento-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the stomach.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the interior of the stomach; -- applied to a mode of budding from the interior of the gastric cavity, in certain hydroids.</def>

<h1>Entogenous</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*tog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ento-</ets> + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Endogenous</er>.</def>

<h1>Entoglossal</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En`to*glos"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ento-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Within the tongue; -- applied to the glossohyal bone.</def>

<h1>Entoil</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*toil"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Entoiled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Entoiling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To take with toils or bring into toils; to insnare.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Entoiled</b> in woofed phantasies.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Entomb</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*tomb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Entombed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Entombing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>tomb</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>entomber</ets>.]</ety> <def>To deposit in a tomb, as a dead body; to bury; to inter; to inhume.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Entombment</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*tomb"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of entombing or burying, or state of being entombed; burial.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Entomere</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En"to*mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ento-</ets> + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The more granular cells, which finally become internal, in many segmenting ova, as those of mammals.</def>

<h1>Entomic, Entomical</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw><hw>En*tom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En*tom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ insect. See <er>Entomology</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Relating to insects; entomological.</def>

<h1>Entomoid</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En"to*moid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ insect + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling an insect.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An object resembling an insect.</def></def2>

<h1>Entomolin</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*tom"o*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ insect.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Chitin</er>.</def>

<h1>Entomolite</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En*tom"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ insect + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil insect.</def>

<h1>Entomologic, Entomological</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw><hw>En`to*mo*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En`to*mo*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>entomologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to entomology.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>En`to*mo*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Entomologist</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En`to*mol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>entomologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in entomology.</def>

<h1>Entomologize</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En`to*mol"o*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To collect specimens in the study of entomology.</def>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Entomology</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En`to*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Entomologies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <grk>'e`ntomon</grk> insect (so called because nearly cut in two, fr. <grk>'e`ntomos</grk> cut in; <grk>'en</grk> in + <grk>te`mnein</grk> to cut) + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>entomologie</ets>. See <er>In</er>, and <er>Tome</er>, and cf. <er>Insect</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That part of zo\'94logy which treats of insects.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A treatise on the science of entomology.</def>

<h1>Entomophaga</h1>
<Xpage=497>

<hw>En`to*moph"a*ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl</plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>'e`ntomon</grk> an insect +  <grk>fagei^n</grk> to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One of a group of hymenopterous insects whose larv\'91 feed parasitically upon living insects. See <er>Ichneumon</er>, <p><b>2.</b></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A group of marsupials which are partly insectivorous, as the opossum.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A group of edentates, including the ant-eaters.</def>

<hr>
<page="498">
Page 498<p>

<h1>Entomophagan</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En`to*moph"a*gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Relating to the Entomophaga.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Entomophaga.</def></def2>

<h1>Entomophagous</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En`to*moph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Feeding on insects; insectivorous.</def>

<h1>Entomophilous</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En`to*moph"i*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ insect + <?/ a lover.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Fertilized by the agency of insects; -- said of plants in which the pollen is carried to the stigma by insects.</def>

<h1>Entomostraca</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En`to*mos"tra*ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ cut in pieces + <?/ burnt clay, the hard shell of Testacea.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the subclasses of Crustacea, including a large number of species, many of them minute. The group embraces several orders; as the Phyllopoda, Ostracoda, Copepoda, and Pectostraca. See <er>Copepoda</er>, <er>Phyllopoda</er>, and <er>Cladocera</er>.</def>

<h1>Entomostracan</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En`to*mos"tra*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Relating to the Entomostraca.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Entomostraca.</def></def2>

<h1>Entomostracous</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En`to*mos"tra*cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Entomostracans.</def>

<h1>Entomotomist</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En`to*mot"o*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices entomotomy.</def>

<h1>Entomotomy</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En`to*mot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ insect + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <def>The science of the dissection of insects.</def>

<h1>Entonic</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ strained, fr. <?/ to strain. See <er>Entasis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having great tension, or exaggerated action.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Entoperipheral</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En`to*pe*riph"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ento-</ets> + <ets>peripheral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Being, or having its origin, within the external surface of the body; -- especially applied to feelings, such as hunger, produced by internal disturbances. Opposed to <i>epiperipheral</i>.</def>

<h1>Entophyte</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En"to*phyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ento-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a plant.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A vegetable parasite subsisting in the interior of the body.</def>

<h1>Entophytic</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En`to*phyt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to entophytes; <as>as, an <ex>entophytic</ex> disease</as>.</def>

<h1>Entoplasm</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En"to*plasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ento-</ets> + Gr. <?/ anything formed.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The inner granular layer of protoplasm in a developing ovum</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Endosarc.</def>

<h1>Entoplastic</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En`to*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ento-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to mold.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or composed of, entoplasm; <as>as, the <ex>entoplastic</ex> products of some Protozoa, or the <ex>entoplastic</ex> modification of the cell protoplasm, by which a nucleus is produced</as>.</def>

<h1>Entoplastron</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En`to*plas"tron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.  <plw>Entoplastra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Ento-</ets> + <ets>plastron</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The median plate of the plastron of turtles; -- called also <altname>entosternum</altname>.</def>

<h1>Entoprocta</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En`to*proc"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ within + <?/ the anus.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Bryozoa in which the anus is within the circle of tentacles. See <er>Pedicellina</er>.</def>

<h1>Entoptic</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>Ent*op"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ent-</ets> + <ets>optic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Relating to objects situated within the eye; esp., relating to the perception of objects in one's own eye.</def>

<h1>Entorganism</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>Ent*or"gan*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ent-</ets> + <ets>organism</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An internal parasitic organism.</def>

<h1>Entortilation</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En*tor`ti*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>entortiller</ets> to twist; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>tortiller</ets> to twist.]</ety> <def>A turning into a circle; round figures.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Entosternum</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En`to*ster"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Entosterna</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Ento-</er>, and <er>Sternum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Entoplastron</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>En`to*ster"nal</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Entosthoblast</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En*tos"tho*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>'e`ntosthe</grk> from within + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The granule within the nucleolus or entoblast of a nucleated cell.</def>

<i>Agassiz.</i>

<h1>Entothorax</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En`to*tho"rax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ento-</ets> + <ets>thorax</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Endothorax</er>.</def>

<h1>Entotic</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>Ent*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ent-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, the ear.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the interior of the ear.</def>

<h1>Entozoa</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En`to*zo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ within + <?/  an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A group of worms, including the tapeworms, flukes, roundworms, etc., most of which live parasitically in the interior of other animals; the Helminthes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An artificial group, including all kinds of animals living parasitically in others.</def>

<h1>Entozoal, Entozoic</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw><hw>En`to*zo"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>En`to*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or consisting of, the Entozoa.</def>

<h1>Entozo\'94logist</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En`to*zo*\'94l"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Entozo\'94n</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets> + <ets>-ist</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in the science of the Entozoa.</def>

<h1>Entozo\'94n</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En`to*zo"\'94n</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Entozoa</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Entozoa</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Entozoa.</def>

<h1>Entr'acte</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En`tr'acte"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. Cf. <er>Interact</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The interval of time which occurs between the performance of any two acts of a drama.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dance, piece of music, or interlude, performed between two acts of a drama.</def>

<h1>Entrail</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En*trail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + OF. <ets>treiller</ets> to grate, lattice, F. <ets>treille</ets> vine, arbor. See <er>Trellis</er>.]</ety> <def>To interweave; to intertwine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Entrail</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En*trail"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Entanglement; fold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Entrails</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En"trails</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>entrailles</ets>, LL. <ets>intralia</ets>, <ets>intranea</ets>, fr. <ets>interaneum</ets>, pl. <ets>interanea</ets>, intestine, <ets>interaneus</ets> inward, interior, fr. <ets>inter</ets> between, among, within. See <er>Internal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The internal parts of animal bodies; the bowels; the guts; viscera; intestines.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The internal parts; <as>as, the <ex>entrails</ex> of the earth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That treasure . . . hid the dark <b>entrails</b> of America.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Entrain</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En*train"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>entrainer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To draw along as a current does; <as>as, water <ex>entrained</ex> by steam</as>.</def>

<h1>Entrain</h1>
<Xpage=498>

<hw>En*train"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>train</ets>.]</ety> <def>To put aboard a railway train; <as>as, to <ex>entrain</ex> a regiment</as>.</def> <mark>[Recent, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Entrain</h1>
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<hw>En*train"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To go aboard a railway train; <as>as, the troops <ex>entrained</ex> at the station</as>.</def> <mark>[Recent, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Entrammel</h1>
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<hw>En*tram"mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Trammel</er>.]</ety> <def>To trammel; to entangle.</def>

<i>Bp. Hacket.</i>

<h1>Entrance</h1>
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<hw>En"trance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>entrance</ets>, fr. OF. & F. <ets>entrant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>entrer</ets> to enter. See <er>Enter</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of entering or going into; ingress; <as>as, the <ex>entrance</ex> of a person into a house or an apartment</as>; hence, the act of taking possession, as of property, or of office; <as>as, the <ex>entrance</ex> of an heir upon his inheritance, or of a magistrate into office</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Liberty, power, or permission to enter; <as>as, to give <ex>entrance</ex> to friends</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The passage, door, or gate, for entering.</def>

<blockquote>Show us, we pray thee, the <b>entrance</b> into the city.
<i>Judg. i. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The entering upon; the beginning, or that with which the beginning is made; the commencement; initiation; <as>as, a difficult <ex>entrance</ex> into business</as>.</def> "Beware of <i>entrance</i> to a quarrel."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>St. Augustine, in the <b>entrance</b> of one of his discourses, makes a kind of apology.
<i>Hakewill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The causing to be entered upon a register, as a ship or goods, at a customhouse; an entering; <as>as, his <ex>entrance</ex> of the arrival was made the same day</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The angle which the bow of a vessel makes with the water at the water line.</def> <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The bow, or entire wedgelike forepart of a vessel, below the water line.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Entrance</h1>
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<hw>En*trance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Entranced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Entrancing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>trance</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To put into a trance; to make insensible to present objects.</def>

<blockquote>Him, still <b>entranced</b> and in a litter laid,
They bore from field and to the bed conveyed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put into an ecstasy; to ravish with delight or wonder; to enrapture; to charm.</def>

<blockquote>And I so ravished with her heavenly note,
I stood <b>entranced</b>, and had no room for thought.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Entrancement</h1>
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<hw>En*trance"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of entrancing, or the state of trance or ecstasy.</def>

<i>Otway.</i>

<h1>Entrant</h1>
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<hw>En"trant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Entrance</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who enters; a beginner.</def> "The <i>entrant</i> upon life."

<i>Bp. Terrot.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An applicant for admission.</def>

<i>Stormonth.</i>

<h1>Entrap</h1>
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<hw>En*trap"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Entrapped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Entrapping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>trap</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>entraper</ets>.]</ety> <def>To catch in a trap; to insnare; hence, to catch, as in a trap, by artifices; to involve in difficulties or distresses; to catch or involve in contradictions; <as>as, to be <ex>entrapped</ex> by the devices of evil men</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A golden mesh, to <b>entrap</b> the hearts of men.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To insnare; inveigle; tangle; decoy; entangle.</syn>

<h1>Entreat</h1>
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<hw>En*treat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Entreated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Entreating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>entreten</ets> to treat, request, OF. <ets>entraiter</ets> to treat of; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>traitier</ets> to treat. See <er>Treat</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To treat, or conduct toward; to deal with; to use.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Fairly let her be <b>entreated</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will cause the enemy to <b>entreat</b> thee well.
<i>Jer. xv. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat with, or in respect to, a thing desired; hence, to ask earnestly; to beseech; to petition or pray with urgency; to supplicate; to importune.</def>  "<i>Entreat</i> my wife to come."  "I do <i>entreat</i> your patience."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>I must <b>entreat</b> of you some of that money.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some late visitor <b>entreating</b> entrance at my chamber door.
<i>Poe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Isaac <b>entreated</b> the Lord for his wife.
<i>Gen. xxv. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To beseech or supplicate successfully; to prevail upon by prayer or solicitation; to persuade.</def>

<blockquote>It were a fruitless attempt to appease a power whom no prayers could <b>entreat</b>.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To invite; to entertain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Pleasures to <i>entreat</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To beseech; beg; solicit; crave; implore; supplicate. See <er>Beseech</er>.</syn>

<h1>Entreat</h1>
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<hw>En*treat"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To treat or discourse; hence, to enter into negotiations, as for a treaty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Of which I shall have further occasion to <b>entreat</b>.
<i>Hakewill.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Alexander . . . was first that <b>entreated</b> of true peace with them.
<i>1 Mac. x. 47.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make an earnest petition or request.</def>

<blockquote>The Janizaries <b>entreated</b> for them as valiant men.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Entreat</h1>
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<hw>En*treat"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Entreaty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Entreatable</h1>
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<hw>En*treat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be entreated.</def>

<h1>Entreatance</h1>
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<hw>En*treat"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Entreaty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Entreater</h1>
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<hw>En*treat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who entreats; one who asks earnestly; a beseecher.</def>

<h1>Entreatful</h1>
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<hw>En*treat"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of entreaty. <mark>[R.]</mark> See <er>Intreatful</er>.</def>

<h1>Entreatingly</h1>
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<hw>En*treat"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an entreating manner.</def>

<h1>Entreative</h1>
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<hw>En*treat"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Used in entreaty; pleading.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Entreative</i> phrase."

<i>A. Brewer.</i>

<h1>Entreatment</h1>
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<hw>En*treat"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Entreaty; invitation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Entreaty</h1>
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<hw>En*treat"y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Entreaties</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Treatment; reception; entertainment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of entreating or beseeching; urgent prayer; earnest petition; pressing solicitation.</def>

<blockquote>Fair <b>entreaty</b>, and sweet blandishment.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Solicitation; request; suit; supplication; importunity.</syn>

<h1>Entr\'82e</h1>
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<hw>En`tr\'82e"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Entry</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A coming in, or entrance; hence, freedom of access; permission or right to enter; <as>as, to have the <ex>entr\'82e</ex> of a house</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>In French usage, a dish served at the beginning of dinner to give zest to the appetite; in English usage, a side dish, served with a joint, or between the courses, as a cutlet, scalloped oysters, etc.</def>

<h1>Entremets</h1>
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<hw>En`tre*mets"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>entre</ets> between + <ets>mets</ets> a dish, mess.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A side dish; a dainty or relishing dish usually eaten after the joints or principal dish; also, a sweetmeat, served with a dinner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any small entertainment between two greater ones.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Entrench</h1>
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<hw>En*trench"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Intrench</er>.</def>

<h1>Entrep\'93t</h1>
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<hw>En`tre*p\'93t"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A warehouse; a magazine for depositing goods, stores, etc.; a mart or place where merchandise is deposited; <as>as, an <ex>entrep\'93t</ex> for shipping goods in transit</as>.</def>

<h1>Entrepreneur</h1>
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<hw>En`tre*pre*neur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Enterprise</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Polit. Econ.)</fld> <def>One who creates a product on his own account; whoever undertakes on his own account an industrial enterprise in which workmen are employed.</def>

<i>F. A. Walker.</i>

<h1>Entresol</h1>
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<hw>En`tre*sol"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A low story between two higher ones, usually between the ground floor and the first story; mezzanine.</def>

<i>Parker.</i>

<h1>Entrick</h1>
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<hw>En*trick"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>entriken</ets> to perplex, OF. <ets>entriquer</ets>. Cf. <er>Trick</er>, <er>Intrigue</er>.]</ety> <def>To trick, to perplex.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Entrochal</h1>
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<hw>En"tro*chal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or consisting of, entrochites, or the joints of encrinites; -- used of a kind of stone or marble.</def>

<h1>Entrochite</h1>
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<hw>En"tro*chite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + Gr. <?/  wheel.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil joint of a crinoid stem.</def>

<h1>Entropion</h1>
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<hw>En*tro"pi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Entropium</er>.</def>

<h1>Entropium</h1>
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<hw>En*tro"pi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Entropy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The inversion or turning in of the border of the eyelids.</def>

<h1>Entropy</h1>
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<hw>En"tro*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/  a turning in; <?/ in + <?/ a turn, fr. <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Thermodynamics)</fld> <def>A certain property of a body, expressed as a measurable quantity, such that when there is no communication of heat the quantity remains constant, but when heat enters or leaves the body the quantity increases or diminishes. If a small amount, <i>h</i>, of heat enters the body when its temperature is <i>t</i> in the thermodynamic scale the entropy of the body is increased by <i>h <?/ t</i>. The entropy is regarded as measured from some standard temperature and pressure. Sometimes called the <i>thermodynamic function</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>entropy</b> of the universe tends towards a maximum.
<i>Clausius.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Entrust</h1>
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<hw>En*trust"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Intrust</er>.</def>

<h1>Entry</h1>
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<hw>En"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Entries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>entree</ets>, <ets>entre</ets>, F. <ets>entr\'82e</ets>, fr. <ets>entrer</ets> to enter. See <er>Enter</er>, and cf. <er>Entr\'82e</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of entering or passing into or upon; entrance; ingress; hence, beginnings or first attempts; <as>as, the <ex>entry</ex> of a person into a house or city; the <ex>entry</ex> of a river into the sea; the <ex>entry</ex> of air into the blood; an <ex>entry</ex> upon an undertaking.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of making or entering a record; a setting down in writing the particulars, as of a transaction; <as>as, an <ex>entry</ex> of a sale</as>; also, that which is entered; an item.</def>

<blockquote>A notary made an <b>entry</b> of this act.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That by which entrance is made; a passage leading into a house or other building, or to a room; a vestibule; an adit, as of a mine.</def>

<blockquote>A straight, long <b>entry</b> to the temple led.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The exhibition or depositing of a ship's papers at the customhouse, to procure license to land goods; or the giving an account of a ship's cargo to the officer of the customs, and obtaining his permission to land the goods. See <er>Enter</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 8, and <er>Entrance</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <p><b>5.</b></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The actual taking possession of lands or tenements, by entering or setting foot on them</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A putting upon record in proper form and order</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The act in addition to breaking essential to constitute the offense or burglary.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<cs><col>Bill of entry</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bill</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Double entry</col>, <col>Single entry</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Bookkeeping</er>.</cd> -- <col>Entry clerk</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>a clerk who makes the original entries of transactions in a business.</cd> -- <col>Writ of entry</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a writ issued for the purpose of obtaining possession of land from one who has unlawfully entered and continues in possession.</cd></cs>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Entryng</h1>
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<hw>En"tryng</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Am entrance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So great an <b>entryng</b> and so large.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Entune</h1>
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<hw>En*tune"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tune; to intone.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Entwine</h1>
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<hw>En*twine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>twine</ets>. Cf. <er>Intwine</er>.]</ety> <def>To twine, twist, or wreathe together or round.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>intwine</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote><b>Entwined</b> in duskier wreaths her braided locks.
<i>Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thy glorious household stuff did me <b>entwine</b>.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Entwine</h1>
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<hw>En*twine"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be twisted or twined.</def>

<blockquote>With whose imperial laurels might <b>entwine</b> no cypress.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Entwinement</h1>
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<hw>En*twine"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A twining or twisting together or round; union.</def>

<i>Bp. Hacket.</i>

<h1>Entwist</h1>
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<hw>En*twist"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To twist or wreathe round; to intwine.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enubilate</h1>
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<hw>E*nu"bi*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>enubilatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>enubilare</ets> to enubilate; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>nubila</ets> clouds, fr. <ets>nubilis</ets> cloudy, <ets>nubes</ets> cloud.]</ety> <def>To clear from mist, clouds, or obscurity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Enubilous</h1>
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<hw>E*nu"bi*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Enubilate</er>.]</ety> <def>Free from fog, mist, or clouds; clear.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Enucleate</h1>
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<hw>E*nu"cle*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enucleated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enucleating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>enucleatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>enucleare</ets> to enucleate; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>nucleus</ets> kernel.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring or peel out, as a kernel from its enveloping husks its enveloping husks or shell.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To remove without cutting (as a tumor).</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bring to light; to make clear.</def>

<i>Sclater (1654).</i>

<h1>Enucleation</h1>
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<hw>E*nu`cle*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82nucl\'82ation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of enucleating; elucidation; exposition.</def>

<blockquote>Neither sir, nor water, nor food, seem directly to contribute anything to the <b>enucleation</b> of this disease.
<i>Tooke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enumerate</h1>
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<hw>E*nu"mer*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enumerated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enumerating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>enumeratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>enumerare</ets> to count out, enumerate; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>numerare</ets> to count, fr. <ets>numerus</ets> number. See <er>Number</er>.]</ety> <def>To count; to tell by numbers; to count over, or tell off one after another; to number; to reckon up; to mention one by one; to name over; to make a special and separate account of; to recount; <as>as, to <ex>enumerate</ex> the stars in a constellation</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Enumerating</b> the services he had done.
<i>Ludlow.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To reckon; compute; calculate; count; estimate; relate; rehearse; recapitulate; detail.</syn>

<hr>
<page="499">
Page 499<p>

<h1>Enumeration</h1>
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<hw>E*nu`mer*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>enumeratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82num\'82ration</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of enumerating, making separate mention, or recounting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A detailed account, in which each thing is specially noticed.</def>

<blockquote>Because almost every man we meet possesses these, we leave them out of our <b>enumeration</b>.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A recapitulation, in the peroration, of the heads of an argument.</def>

<h1>Enumerative</h1>
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<hw>E*nu"mer*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82num\'82ratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Counting, or reckoning up, one by one.</def>

<blockquote><b>Enumerative</b> of the variety of evils.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enumerator</h1>
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<hw>E*nu"mer*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who enumerates.</def>

<h1>Enunciable</h1>
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<hw>E*nun"ci*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being enunciated or expressed.</def>

<h1>Enunciate</h1>
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<hw>E*nun"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enunciated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enunciating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>enuntiatus</ets>, <ets>-ciatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>enuntiare</ets>, <ets>-ciare</ets>. See <er>Enounce</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a formal statement of; to announce; to proclaim; to declare, as a truth.</def>

<blockquote>The terms in which he <b>enunciates</b> the great doctrines of the gospel.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make distinctly audible; to utter articulately; to pronounce; <as>as, to <ex>enunciate</ex> a word distinctly</as>.</def>

<h1>Enunciate</h1>
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<hw>E*nun"ci*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To utter words or syllables articulately.</def>

<h1>Enunciation</h1>
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<hw>E*nun`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>enuntiatio</ets>, <ets>-ciatio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of enunciating, announcing, proclaiming, or making known; open attestation; declaration; <as>as, the <ex>enunciation</ex> of an important truth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>By way of interpretation and <b>enunciation</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mode of utterance or pronunciation, especially as regards fullness and distinctness or articulation; <as>as, to speak with a clear or impressive <ex>enunciation</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is enunciated or announced; words in which a proposition is expressed; an announcement; a formal declaration; a statement.</def>

<blockquote>Every intelligible <b>enunciation</b> must be either true or false.
<i>A. Clarke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enunciative</h1>
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<hw>E*nun"ci*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>enuntiativus</ets>, <ets>-ciativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, enunciation; declarative.</def> <i>Ayliffe</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>E*nun"ci*a*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Enunciator</h1>
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<hw>E*nun"ci*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>enuntiator</ets>, <ets>enunciator</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who enunciates or proclaims.</def>

<h1>Enunciatory</h1>
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<hw>E*nun"ci*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, enunciation or utterance.</def>

<h1>Enure</h1>
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<hw>En*ure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Inure</er>.</def>

<h1>Enuresis</h1>
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<hw>En`u*re"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to urinate in; <?/ + <?/ urine.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An involuntary discharge of urine; incontinence of urine.</def>

<h1>Envassal</h1>
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<hw>En*vas"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a vassal of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Envault</h1>
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<hw>En*vault"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inclose in a vault; to entomb.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Enveigle</h1>
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<hw>En*vei"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To entice. See <er>Inveigle</er>.</def>

<h1>Envelop</h1>
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<hw>En*vel"op</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enveloped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enveloping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>envolupen</ets>, <ets>envolipen</ets>, OF. <ets>envoluper</ets>, <ets>envoleper</ets>, F. <ets>envelopper</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>voluper</ets>, <ets>voleper</ets>. See <er>Develop</er>.]</ety> <def>To put a covering about; to wrap up or in; to inclose within a case, wrapper, integument or the like; to surround entirely; <as>as, to <ex>envelop</ex> goods or a letter; the fog <ex>envelops</ex> a ship.</as></def>

<blockquote>Nocturnal shades this world <b>envelop</b>.
<i>J. Philips.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Envelope; 277, Envelop</h1>
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<hw><hw>En"vel*ope</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <hw>En*vel"op</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>enveloppe</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which envelops, wraps up, encases, or surrounds; a wrapper; an inclosing cover; esp., the cover or wrapper of a document, as of a letter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The nebulous covering of the head or nucleus of a comet; -- called also <altname>coma</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A work of earth, in the form of a single parapet or of a small rampart. It is sometimes raised in the ditch and sometimes beyond it.</def>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve or surface which is tangent to each member of a system of curves or surfaces, the form and position of the members of the system being allowed to vary according to some continuous law. Thus, any curve is the <i>envelope</i> of its tangents.</def>

<-- 4.  A set of limits for the performance capabilities of some type of machine, originally used to refer to aircraft.  Now also used metaphorically to refer to capabilities of any system in general, including human organizations, esp. in the phrase <col>push the envelope</col>.  It is used to refer to the maximum performance available at the current state of the technology, and therefore refers to a class of machines in general, not a specific machine.

  <col>push the envelope</col>  Increase the capability of some type of machine or system; -- usu. by technological development.

 -->

<h1>Envelopment</h1>
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<hw>En*vel"op*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>enveloppement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of enveloping or wrapping; an inclosing or covering on all sides.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which envelops or surrounds; an envelop.</def>

<h1>Envenime</h1>
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<hw>En*ven"ime</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To envenom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Envenom</h1>
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<hw>En*ven"om</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Envenomed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Envenoming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>envenimen</ets>, F. <ets>envenimer</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + F. <ets>venin</ets> poison. See <er>Venom</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To taint or impregnate with venom, or any substance noxious to life; to poison; to render dangerous or deadly by poison, as food, drink, a weapon; <as>as, <ex>envenomed</ex> meat, wine, or arrow</as>; also, to poison (a person) by impregnating with venom.</def>

<blockquote>Alcides . . . felt the <b>envenomed</b> robe.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O, what a world is this, when what is comely
<b>Envenoms</b> him that bears it!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To taint or impregnate with bitterness, malice, or hatred; to imbue as with venom; to imbitter.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>envenomed</b> tongue of calumny.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>On the question of slavery opinion has of late years been peculiarly <b>envenomed</b>.
<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Envermeil</h1>
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<hw>En*ver"meil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> + <ets>vermeil</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>envermeiller</ets>. See <er>Vermil</er>.]</ety> <def>To color with, or as with, vermilion; to dye red.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Enviable</h1>
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<hw>En"vi*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Envy</er>.]</ety> <def>Fitted to excite envy; capable of awakening an ardent desire to posses or to resemble.</def>

<blockquote>One of most <b>enviable</b> of human beings.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>En"vi*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>En"vi*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Envie</h1>
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<hw>En*vie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Vie</er>.]</ety> <def>To vie; to emulate; to strive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Envier</h1>
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<hw>En"vi*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who envies; one who desires inordinately what another possesses.</def>

<h1>Envigor</h1>
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<hw>En*vig"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To invigorate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Envious</h1>
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<hw>En"vi*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>envios</ets>, F. <ets>envieux</ets>, fr. L. <ets>invidiosus</ets>, fr. <ets>invidia</ets> envy. See <er>Envy</er>, and cf. <er>Invidious</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Malignant; mischievous; spiteful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Each <b>envious</b> brier his weary legs doth scratch.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Feeling or exhibiting envy; actuated or directed by, or proceeding from, envy; -- said of a person, disposition, feeling, act, etc.; jealously pained by the excellence or good fortune of another; maliciously grudging; -- followed by <i>of</i>, <i>at</i>, and <i>against</i>; <as>as, an <ex>envious</ex> man, disposition, attack; <ex>envious</ex> tongues.</as></def>

<blockquote>My soul is <b>envious</b> of mine eye.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Neither be thou <b>envious</b> at the wicked.
<i>Prov. xxiv. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Inspiring envy.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>He to him leapt, and that same <b>envious</b> gage
Of victor's glory from him snatched away.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Excessively careful; cautious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>No men are so <b>envious</b> of their health.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>En"vi*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>En"vi*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Environ</h1>
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<hw>En*vi"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Environed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Environing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>environner</ets>, fr. <ets>environ</ets> about, thereabout; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + OF. <ets>viron</ets> circle, circuit, fr. OF. & F. <ets>virer</ets> to turn, LL. <ets>virare</ets> to turn up and down, topsy-turvy. Cf. <er>Veer</er>.]</ety> <def>To surround; to encompass; to encircle; to hem in; to be round about; to involve or envelop.</def>

<blockquote>Dwelling in a pleasant glade,
With mountains round about <b>environed</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Environed</b> he was with many foes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Environ</b> me with darkness whilst I write.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Environ</h1>
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<hw>En*vi"ron</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>About; around.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lord Godfrey's eye three times <b>environ</b> goes.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Environment</h1>
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<hw>En*vi"ron*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>environnement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of environing; state of being environed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which environs or surrounds; surrounding conditions, influences, or forces, by which living forms are influenced and modified in their growth and development.</def>

<blockquote>It is no friendly <b>environment</b>, this of thine.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Environs</h1>
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<hw>En*vi"rons</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The parts or places which surround another place, or lie in its neighborhood; suburbs; <as>as, the <ex>environs</ex> of a city or town</as>.</def>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Envisage</h1>
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<hw>En*vis"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Envisaged</er> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Envisaging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>envisager</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>visage</ets> face, visage. See <er>Visage</er>.]</ety> <def>To look in the face of; to apprehend; to regard.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Keats.</i>

<blockquote>From the very dawn of existence the infant must <b>envisage</b> self, and body acting on self.
<i>McCosh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Envisagement</h1>
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<hw>En*vis"age*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of envisaging.</def>

<h1>Envolume</h1>
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<hw>En*vol"ume</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form into, or incorporate with, a volume.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Envolup</h1>
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<hw>En*vol"up</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Envelop</er>.]</ety> <def>To wrap up; to envelop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Envoy</h1>
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<hw>En"voy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>envoy\'82</ets> envoy, fr. <ets>envoyer</ets> to send; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>voie</ets> way, L. <ets>via</ets>: cf. F. <ets>envoi</ets> an envoy (in sense 2). See <er>Voyage</er>, and cf. <er>Invoice</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One dispatched upon an errand or mission; a messenger; esp., a person deputed by a sovereign or a government to negotiate a treaty, or transact other business, with a foreign sovereign or government; a minister accredited to a foreign government. An envoy's rank is below that of an ambassador.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>envoi</ets>, fr. <ets>envoyer</ets> to send.]</ety> <def>An explanatory or commendatory postscript to a poem, essay, or book; -- also in the French from, <i>l'envoi</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>envoy</b> of a ballad is the "sending" of it forth.
<i>Skeat.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Envoyship</h1>
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<hw>En"voy*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or position of an envoy.</def>

<h1>Envy</h1>
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<hw>En"vy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Envies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>envie</ets>, L. <ets>invidia</ets> envious; akin to <ets>invidere</ets> to look askance at, to look with enmity; <ets>in</ets> against + <ets>videre</ets> to see. See <er>Vision</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Malice; ill will; spite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If he evade us there,
Enforce him with his <b>envy</b> to the people.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Chagrin, mortification, discontent, or uneasiness at the sight of another's excellence or good fortune, accompanied with some degree of hatred and a desire to possess equal advantages; malicious grudging; -- usually followed by <i>of</i>; <as>as, they did this in <ex>envy</ex> of C\'91sar</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Envy</b> is a repining at the prosperity or good of another, or anger and displeasure at any good of another which we want, or any advantage another hath above us.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No bliss
Enjoyed by us excites his <b>envy</b> more.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Envy</b>, to which the ignoble mind's a slave,
Is emulation in the learned or brave.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Emulation; rivalry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Such as cleanliness and decency
Prompt to a virtuous <b>envy</b>.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Public odium; ill repute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To lay the <b>envy</b> of the war upon Cicero.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An object of envious notice or feeling.</def>

<blockquote>This constitution in former days used to be the <b>envy</b> of the world.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Envy</h1>
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<hw>En"vy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Envied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Envying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>envier</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To feel envy at or towards; to be envious of; to have a feeling of uneasiness or mortification in regard to (any one), arising from the sight of another's excellence or good fortune and a longing to possess it.</def>

<blockquote>A woman does not <b>envy</b> a man for his fighting courage, nor a man a woman for her beauty.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whoever <b>envies</b> another confesses his superiority.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To feel envy on account of; to have a feeling of grief or repining, with a longing to possess (some excellence or good fortune of another, or an equal good fortune, etc.); to look with grudging upon; to begrudge.</def>

<blockquote>I have seen thee fight,
When I have <b>envied</b> thy behavior.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Jeffrey . . . had actually <b>envied</b> his friends their cool mountain breezes.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To long after; to desire strongly; to covet.</def>

<blockquote>Or climb his knee the <b>envied</b> kiss to share.
<i>T. Gray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To do harm to; to injure; to disparage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If I make a lie
To gain your love and <b>envy</b> my best mistress,
Put me against a wall.
<i>J. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To hate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marlowe.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To emulate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Envy</h1>
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<hw>En"vy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To be filled with envious feelings; to regard anything with grudging and longing eyes; -- used especially with <i>at</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Who would <b>envy</b> at the prosperity of the wicked?
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To show malice or ill will; to rail.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "He has . . . <i>envied</i> against the people."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Envyned</h1>
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<hw>En*vyned"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>enviner</ets> to store with wine; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>vin</ets> wine. See <er>Vine</er>.]</ety> <def>Stored or furnished with wine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Enwall</h1>
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<hw>En*wall"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Inwall</er>.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Enwallow</h1>
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<hw>En*wal"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To plunge into, or roll in, flith; to wallow.</def>

<blockquote>So now all three one senseless lump remain,
<b>Enwallowed</b> in his own black bloody gore.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enwheel</h1>
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<hw>En*wheel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To encircle.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Enwiden</h1>
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<hw>En*wid"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To widen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Enwind</h1>
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<hw>En*wind"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To wind about; to encircle.</def>

<blockquote>In the circle of his arms
<b>Enwound</b> us both.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Enwoman</h1>
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<hw>En*wom"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To endow with the qualities of a woman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Enwomb</h1>
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<hw>En*womb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Enwombed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Enwombing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To conceive in the womb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bury, as it were in a womb; to hide, as in a gulf, pit, or cavern.</def>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Enwrap</h1>
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<hw>En*wrap"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To envelop. See <er>Inwrap</er>.</def>

<h1>Enwrapment</h1>
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<hw>En*wrap"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of enwrapping; a wrapping or an envelope.</def>

<i>Shuckford.</i>

<h1>Enwreathe</h1>
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<hw>En*wreathe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Inwreathe</er>.</def>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Enzo\'94tic</h1>
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<hw>En`zo*\'94t"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ in + <?/ an animal: cf. F. <ets>enzo\'94tique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Afflicting animals; -- used of a disease affecting the animals of a district. It corresponds to an <i>endemic</i> disease among men.</def>

<h1>Enzyme</h1>
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<hw>En"zyme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>en-</ets> (Gr. <?/ in) + Gr. <?/  leaven.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An unorganized or unformed ferment, in distinction from an organized or living ferment; a soluble, or chemical, ferment. Ptyalin, pepsin, diastase, and rennet are good examples of enzymes.</def>

<h1>Eocene</h1>
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<hw>E"o*cene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ daybreak, dawn + <?/ new, recent.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the first in time of the three subdivisions into which the Tertiary formation is divided by geologists, and alluding to the approximation in its life to that of the present era; <as>as, <ex>Eocene</ex> deposits</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The Eocene formation.</def></def2>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<h1>Eolian</h1>
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<hw>E*o"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>\'92olian</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>\'92olian.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Formed, or deposited, by the action of wind, as dunes.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Eolian attachment</col>, <col>Eolian harp</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>\'92olian</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Eolic</h1>
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<hw>E*ol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>\'92olic</er>.</def>

<h1>Eolipile</h1>
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<hw>E*ol"i*pile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82olipyle</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>\'92olipile</er>.</def>

<h1>Eolis</h1>
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<hw>E"o*lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aeolis</ets> a daughter of \'92olus, Gr. <grk>A'ioli`s</grk>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of nudibranch mollusks having clusters of branchial papill\'91 along the back. See <er>Ceratobranchia</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>\'92olis</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Eon, \'92on</h1>
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<hw><hw>E"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>\'92"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aeon</ets>, fr. Gr. <grk>a'iwn</grk> space or period of time, lifetime, age; akin to L. <ets>aevum</ets>. See <er>Age</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An immeasurable or infinite space of time; eternity; a long space of time; an age.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>eons</b> of geological time.
<i>Huxley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gnostic Philos.)</fld> <def>One of the embodiments of the divine attributes of the Eternal Being.</def>

<blockquote>Among the higher <b>\'92ons</b> are Mind, Reason, Power, Truth, and Life.
<i>Am. Cyc.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Eons</i> were considered to be emanations sent forth by God from the depths of His grand solitude to fulfill various functions in the material and spiritual universe.</note>

<h1>Eophyte</h1>
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<hw>E"o*phyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ dawn + <?/ a plant.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil plant which is found in the lowest beds of the Silurian age.</def>

<h1>Eophytic</h1>
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<hw>E`o*phyt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to eophytes.</def>

<h1>Eos</h1>
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<hw>E"os</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <grk>'Hw`s</grk>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>Aurora, the goddess of morn.</def>

<h1>Eosaurus</h1>
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<hw>E`o*sau"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>'hw`s</grk> dawn + <grk>say^ros</grk> lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct marine reptile from the coal measures of Nova Scotia; -- so named because supposed to be of the earliest known reptiles.</def>

<h1>Eosin</h1>
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<hw>E"o*sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ dawn.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow or brownish red dyestuff obtained by the action of bromine on fluoresce\'8bn, and named from the fine rose-red which it imparts to silk. It is also used for making a fine red ink. Its solution is fluorescent.</def>

<h1>Eosphorite</h1>
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<hw>E*os"pho*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ Bringer of morn.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous phosphate of alumina and manganese. It is generally of a rose-pink color, -- whence the name.</def>

<h1>Eozoic</h1>
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<hw>E`o*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Eozo\'94n</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to rocks or strata older than the Paleozoic, in many of which the eozo\'94n has been found.</def>

<note>&hand; This term has been proposed for the strata formerly called <i>Azoic</i>, and is preferred especially by those geologists who regard the eozo\'94n as of organic origin. See <er>Arch\'91an</er>.</note>

<h1>Eozo\'94n</h1>
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<hw>E`o*zo"\'94n</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Eozo\'94ns</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Eozoa</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>'hw`s</grk> dawn + <grk>zw^,on</grk> an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A peculiar structure found in the Arch\'91an limestones of Canada and other regions. By some geologists it is believed to be a species of gigantic Foraminifera, but others consider it a concretion, without organic structure.</def>

<--p. 500 -->

<hr>
<page="500">
Page 500<p>

<h1>Eozo\'94nal</h1>
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<hw>E`o*zo"\'94n*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the eozo\'94n; containing eozo\'94ns; <as>as, <ex>eozo\'94nal</ex> limestone</as>.</def>

<h1>Ep-</h1>
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<hw>Ep-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>See <er>Epi-</er>.</def>

<h1>Epacris</h1>
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<hw>Ep"a*cris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ pointed at the end. So called in allusion to the sharply pointed leaves.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of shrubs, natives of Australia, New Zealand, etc., having pretty white, red, or purple blossoms, and much resembling heaths.</def>

<h1>Epact</h1>
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<hw>E"pact</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82pacte</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ brought on or in, added, fr. <?/ to bring on or in; <?/ on, in + <?/ to bring or lead. See <er>Epi-</er>, and <er>Act</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chron.)</fld> <def>The moon's age at the beginning of the calendar year, or the number of days by which the last new moon has preceded the beginning of the year.</def>

<cs><col>Annual epact</col>, <cd>the excess of the solar year over the lunar year, -- being eleven days.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Menstrual epact</col>, &or; <col>Monthly epact</col></mcol>, <cd>the excess of a calendar month over a lunar.</cd></cs>

<h1>Epagoge</h1>
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<hw>Ep`a*go"ge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/ a bringing in, fr. <?/. See <er>Epact</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The adducing of particular examples so as to lead to a universal conclusion; the argument by induction.</def>

<h1>Epagogic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`a*gog"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inductive.</def>

<i>Latham.</i>

<h1>Epalate</h1>
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<hw>E*pal"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>e-</ets> + <ets>palpus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without palpi.</def>

<h1>Epanadiplosis</h1>
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<hw>Ep*an`a*di*plo"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ to make double.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which the same word is used both at the beginning and at the end of a sentence; <as>as, "<ex>Rejoice</ex> in the Lord always: and again I say, <ex>Rejoice</ex></as>."</def>

<i>Phil. iv. 4.</i>

<h1>Epanalepsis</h1>
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<hw>Ep*an`a*lep"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ to take up.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which the same word or clause is repeated after intervening matter.</def>

<i>Gibbs.</i>

<h1>Epanaphora</h1>
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<hw>Ep`a*naph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a recurrence; <?/ + <?/ to bring or carry back.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Anaphora</er>.</def>

<i>Gibbs.</i>

<h1>Epanastrophe</h1>
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<hw>Ep`a*nas"tro*phe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a return, epanastrophe; <?/ + <?/ to return.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Anadiplosis</er>.</def>

<i>Gibbs.</i>

<h1>Epanodos</h1>
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<hw>E*pan"o*dos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a rising, return; <?/ + <?/ a way up, rising; <?/ up + <?/ way.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech in which the parts of a sentence or clause are repeated in inverse order</def>, as in the following: --

<blockquote>O more exceeding love, or law more just?
Just law, indeed, but more exceeding love!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Epanody</h1>
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<hw>E*pan"o*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Epanodos</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The abnormal change of an irregular flower to a regular form; -- considered by evolutionists to be a reversion to an ancestral condition.</def>

<h1>Epanorthosis</h1>
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<hw>Ep`an*or*tho"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ to set right again; <?/ again + <?/ to set straight.]</ety> <def>A figure by which a speaker recalls a word or words, in order to substitute something else stronger or more significant; as, Most <i>brave</i>!  Brave, did I say? most <i>heroic</i> act!</def>

<h1>Epanthous</h1>
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<hw>Ep*an"thous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ep-</ets> + Gr. <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing upon flowers; -- said of certain species of fungi.</def>

<h1>Eparch</h1>
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<hw>Ep"arch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ over + <?/ chief, <?/ supreme power, dominion.]</ety> <def>In ancient Greece, the governor or perfect of a province; in modern Greece, the ruler of an eparchy.</def>

<h1>Eparchy</h1>
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<hw>Ep"arch*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the post or office of an <?/.]</ety> <def>A province, prefecture, or territory, under the jurisdiction of an eparch or governor; esp., in modern Greece, one of the larger subdivisions of a monarchy or province of the kingdom; in Russia, a diocese or archdiocese.</def>

<h1>Eparterial</h1>
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<hw>Ep`ar*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ep-</ets> + <ets>arterial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated upon or above an artery; -- applied esp. to the branches of the bronchi given off above the point where the pulmonary artery crosses the bronchus.</def>

<h1>Epaule</h1>
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<hw>E*paule"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82paule</ets> shoulder, shoulder of a bastion. See <er>Epaulet</er>, and cf. <er>Spall</er> the shoulder.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The shoulder of a bastion, or the place where its face and flank meet and form the angle, called the angle of the shoulder.</def>

<h1>Epaulement</h1>
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<hw>E*paule"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82paulement</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A side work, made of gabions, fascines, or bags, filled with earth, or of earth heaped up, to afford cover from the flanking fire of an enemy.</def>

<h1>Epaulet, Epaulette</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ep"au*let`</hw>, <hw>Ep"au*lette`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82paulette</ets>, dim. of <ets>\'82paule</ets> shoulder, fr. L. <ets>spatula</ets> a broad piece (LL., shoulder), dim. of <ets>spatha</ets> abroad, flat instrument, fr. Gr. <?/, also, a broad rib, shoulder blade. See <er>Spade</er> the instrument, and cf. <er>Epaule</er>, <er>Spatula</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A shoulder ornament or badge worn by military and naval officers, differences of rank being marked by some peculiar form or device, as a star, eagle, etc.; a shoulder knot.</def>

<note>&hand; In the United States service the epaulet is reserved for full dress uniform. Its use was abolished in the British army in 1855.</note>

<h1>Epauleted, Epauletted</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ep"au*let`ed</hw>, <hw>Ep"au*let`ted</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing epaulets; decorated with epaulets.</def>

<h1>Epaxial</h1>
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<hw>Ep*ax"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ep-</ets> + <ets>axial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Above, or on the dorsal side of, the axis of the skeleton; episkeletal.</def>

<h1>Epeira</h1>
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<hw>E*pei"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of spiders, including the common garden spider (<spn>E. diadema</spn>). They spin geometrical webs. See <er>Garden spider</er>.</def>

<h1>Epen</h1>
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<hw>Ep"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Epencephalon</er>.</def>

<h1>Epencephalic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`en*ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Pertaining to the epencephalon.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Situated on or over the brain.</def>

<h1>Epencephalon</h1>
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<hw>Ep`en*ceph"a*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ upon, near + <?/ brain.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The segment of the brain next behind the midbrain, including the cerebellum and pons; the hindbrain. Sometimes abbreviated to <abbr>epen.</abbr></def>

<h1>Ependyma</h1>
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<hw>Ep*en"dy*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ an upper garment; <?/ upon + <?/ a garment; <?/ in + <?/ to put on.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The epithelial lining of the ventricles of the brain and the canal of the spinal cord; endyma; ependymis.</def>

<h1>Ependymis</h1>
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<hw>Ep*en"dy*mis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Ependyma</er>.</def>

<h1>Epenetic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`e*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, from <?/ to praise; <?/ + <?/ to praise.]</ety> <def>Bestowing praise; eulogistic; laudatory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Phillips.</i>

<h1>Epenthesis</h1>
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<hw>E*pen"the*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Epentheses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ to put or set in.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The insertion of a letter or a sound in the body of a word; <as>as, the <ex>b</ex> in "nimble" from AS</as>. <i>n&emac;mol</i>.</def>

<h1>Epenthetic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`en*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>\'82penth\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Inserted in the body of a word; <as>as, an <ex>epenthetic</ex> letter or sound</as>.</def>

<h1>\'90pergne</h1>
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<hw>\'90`pergne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82pargne</ets> a sparing or saving; a treasury. "Our \'82pergne is a little <ets>treasury</ets> of sweetmeats, fruits, and flowers." <i>Brewer</i>.]</ety> <def>A centerpiece for table decoration, usually consisting of several dishes or receptacles of different sizes grouped together in an ornamental design.</def>

<h1>\'90perlan</h1>
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<hw>\'90`per`lan"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82perlan</ets>, fr. G. <ets>spierling</ets>. See <er>Sparling</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European smelt (<spn>Osmerus eperlanus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Epexegesis</h1>
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<hw>Ep*ex`e*ge"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ detailed narrative, fr. <?/ to recount in detail; <?/ + <?/ to lead, point out. See <er>Exegesis</er>.]</ety> <def>A full or additional explanation; exegesis.</def>

<h1>Epexegetical</h1>
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<hw>Ep*ex`e*get"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to epexegesis; explanatory; exegetical.</def>

<h1>Ephah, &or; Epha</h1>
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<hw><hw>E"phah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>E"pha</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>A Hebrew dry measure, supposed to be equal to two pecks and five quarts. ten ephahs make one homer.</def>

<h1>Ephemera</h1>
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<hw>E*phem"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a day fly, fr. <?/ daily, lasting but a day; <?/ over + <?/ day.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A fever of one day's continuance only.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of insects including the day flies, or ephemeral flies. See <cref>Ephemeral fly</cref>, under <er>Ephemeral</er>.</def>

<h1>Ephemeral</h1>
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<hw>E*phem"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Beginning and ending in a day; existing only, or no longer than, a day; diurnal; <as>as, an <ex>ephemeral</ex> flower</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Short-lived; existing or continuing for a short time only.</def> "<i>Ephemeral</i> popularity."

<i>V. Knox.</i>

<blockquote>Sentences not of <b>ephemeral</b>, but of eternal, efficacy.
<i>Sir J. Stephen.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ephemeral fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of a group of neuropterous insects, belonging to the genus <spn>Ephemera</spn> and many allied genera, which live in the adult or winged state only for a short time. The larv\'91 are aquatic; -- called also <altname>day fly</altname> and <altname>May fly</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ephemeral</h1>
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<hw>E*phem"er*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything lasting but a day, or a brief time; an ephemeral plant, insect, etc.</def>

<h1>Ephemeran</h1>
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<hw>E*phem"er*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the ephemeral flies.</def>

<h1>Ephemeric</h1>
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<hw>E*phem"e*ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ephemeral.</def>

<h1>Ephemeris</h1>
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<hw>E*phem"e*ris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ephemerides</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a diary, Gr. <?/, also, a calendar, fr. <?/. See <er>Ephemera</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A diary; a journal.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A publication giving the computed places of the heavenly bodies for each day of the year, with other numerical data, for the use of the astronomer and navigator; an astronomical almanac; <as>as, the "American <ex>Ephemeris</ex> and Nautical Almanac</as>."</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any tabular statement of the assigned places of a heavenly body, as a planet or comet, on several successive days.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Literature)</fld> <def>A collective name for reviews, magazines, and all kinds of periodical literature.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Ephemerist</h1>
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<hw>E*phem"er*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who studies the daily motions and positions of the planets.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who keeps an ephemeris; a journalist.</def>

<h1>Ephemeron</h1>
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<hw>E*phem"e*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ephemera</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Ephemera</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the ephemeral flies.</def>

<h1>Ephemerous</h1>
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<hw>E*phem"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ephemeral.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Ephesian</h1>
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<hw>E*phe"sian</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Ephesius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82ph\'82sien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Ephesus, an ancient city of Ionia, in Asia Minor.</def>

<h1>Ephesian</h1>
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<hw>E*phe"sian</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A native of Ephesus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A jolly companion; a roisterer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ephialtes</h1>
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<hw>Eph`i*al"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, lit., one who leaps upon.]</ety> <def>The nightmare.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Ephippial</h1>
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<hw>E*phip"pi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Saddle-shaped; occupying an ephippium.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Ephippium</h1>
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<hw>E*phip"pi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., saddle cloth, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ on + <?/ horse.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A depression in the sphenoid bone; the pituitary fossa.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A saddle-shaped cavity to contain the winter eggs, situated on the back of Cladocera.</def>

<h1>Ephod</h1>
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<hw>Eph"od</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. '<ets>\'bephad</ets> to put on.]</ety> <fld>(Jew. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A part of the sacerdotal habit among Jews, being a covering for the back and breast, held together on the shoulders by two clasps or brooches of onyx stones set in gold, and fastened by a girdle of the same stuff as the ephod. The ephod for the priests was of plain linen; that for the high priest was richly embroidered in colors. The breastplate of the high priest was worn upon the ephod in front.</def>

<i>Exodus xxviii. 6-12.</i>

<h1>Ephor</h1>
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<hw>Eph"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ephors</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Ephori</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>ephorus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to oversee; <?/  + <?/ to see: cf. F. <ets>\'82phore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A magistrate; one of a body of five magistrates chosen by the people of ancient Sparta. They exercised control even over the king.</def>

<h1>Ephoral</h1>
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<hw>Eph"or*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an ephor.</def>

<h1>Ephoralty</h1>
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<hw>Eph"or*al*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of an ephor, or the body of ephors.</def>

<h1>Ephraim</h1>
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<hw>E"phra*im</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The proper name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hunter's name for the grizzly bear.</def>

<h1>Ephyra</h1>
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<hw>Eph"y*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, an old name of Corinth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A stage in the development of discophorous medus\'91, when they first begin to swim about after being detached from the strobila. See <er>Strobila</er>.</def>

<h1>Epi-</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ on, upon, to; akin to Skr. <ets>api</ets> besides, and prob. to L. <ets>ob</ets> to, before, on account of, and perh. to E. <ets>of</ets>, <ets>off</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prefix, meaning <i>upon</i>, <i>beside</i>, <i>among</i>, <i>on the outside</i>, <i>above</i>, <i>over</i>. It becomes <i>ep</i>- before a vowel, as in <i>epoch</i>, and <i>eph</i>- before a Greek aspirate, as in <i>ephemeral</i>.</def>

<h1>Epiblast</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The outer layer of the blastoderm; the ectoderm. See <er>Blastoderm</er>, <er>Delamination</er>.</def>

<h1>Epiblastic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*blas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or relating to, or consisting of, the epiblast.</def>

<h1>Epiblema</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*ble"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a cover; <?/ over + <?/ to throw.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The epidermal cells of rootlets, specially adapted to absorb liquids.</def>

<i>Goodale.</i>

<h1>Epibolic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*bol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to throw upon, add to; <?/ upon + <?/ to throw.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Growing or covering over; -- said of a kind of invagination. See under <er>Invagination</er>.</def>

<h1>Epiboly</h1>
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<hw>E*pib"o*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gr. <?/ a throwing upon.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Epibolic invagination. See under <er>Invagination</er>.</def>

<h1>Epibranchial</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*bran"chi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + <ets>branchial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the segment between the ceratobranchial and pharyngobranchial in a branchial arch.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An epibranchial cartilage or bone.</def></def2>

<h1>Epic</h1>
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<hw>Ep"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>epicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, from <?/ a word, speech, tale, song; akin to L. <ets>vox</ets> voice: cf. F. <ets>\'82pique</ets>. See <er>Voice</er>.]</ety> <def>Narrated in a grand style; pertaining to or designating a kind of narrative poem, usually called an heroic poem, in which real or fictitious events, usually the achievements of some hero, are narrated in an elevated style.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>epic</b> poem treats of one great, complex action, in a grand style and with fullness of detail.
<i>T. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Epic</h1>
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<hw>Ep"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An epic or heroic poem. See <er>Epic</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Epical</h1>
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<hw>Ep"ic*al</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Epic</def>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ep"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Poems which have an <b>epical</b> character.
<i>Brande & C.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His [Wordsworth's] longer poems (miscalled <b>epical</b>).
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Epicardiac</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*car"di*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or relating to the epicardium.</def>

<h1>Epicardium</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*car"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ upon + <?/ heart.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>That of the pericardium which forms the outer surface of the heart; the cardiac pericardium.</def>

<h1>Epicarican</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*car"i*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, a shrimp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An isopod crustacean, parasitic on shrimps.</def>

<h1>Epicarp</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*carp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The external or outermost layer of a fructified or ripened ovary. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Endocarp</er>.</def>

<h1>Epicede</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*cede</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>epicedion</ets>, Gr. <?/ dirge, elegy, fr. <?/ funereal; <?/  + <?/ care, sorrow: cf. F. <ets>\'82pic\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <def>A funeral song or discourse; an elegy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Epicedial</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*ce"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Elegiac; funereal.</def>

<h1>Epicedian</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*ce"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Epicedial.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An epicede.</def></def2>

<h1>Epicedium</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*ce"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>An epicede.</def>

<h1>Epicene</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*cene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>epicoenus</ets>, Gr. <?/; fr. <?/ + <?/ common; cf. F. <ets>\'82pic\'8ane</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Common to both sexes; -- a term applied, in grammar, to such nouns as have but one form of gender, either the masculine or feminine, to indicate animals of both sexes; as <?/, <i>bos</i>, for the ox and cow; sometimes applied to eunuchs and hermaphrodites.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Sexless; neither one thing nor the other.</def>

<blockquote>The literary prigs <b>epicene</b>.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He represented an <b>epicene</b> species, neither churchman nor layman.
<i>J. A. Symonds.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Epicentral</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*cen"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + <ets>centrum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Arising from the centrum of a vertebra.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Epicerastic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*ce*ras"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ tempering the humors; <?/ + <?/ to mix: cf. F. <ets>\'82pic\'82rastique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Lenient; assuaging.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Epichirema</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*chi*re"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Epichiremata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, from <?/ to attempt to prove.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet. & Logic)</fld> <def>A syllogism in which the proof of the major or minor premise, or both, is introduced with the premises themselves, and the conclusion is derived in the ordinary manner.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>epicheirema</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Epichordal</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*chor"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + <ets>chordal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Upon or above the notochord; -- applied esp. to a vertebral column which develops upon the dorsal side of the notochord, as distinguished from a <i>perichordal</i> column, which develops around it.</def>

<h1>Epichorial</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*cho"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ over + <?/ country.]</ety> <def>In or of the country.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Epichorial</b> superstitions from every district of Europe.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Epicleidium</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*clei"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ upon + <?/ a little key.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A projection, formed by a separate ossification, at the scapular end of the clavicle of many birds.</def>

<h1>Epiclinal</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*cli"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a couch.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Situated on the receptacle or disk of a flower.</def>

<hr>
<page="501">
Page 501<p>

<h1>Epicoele</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*coele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A cavity formed by the invagination of the outer wall of the body, as the atrium of an amphioxus and possibly the body cavity of vertebrates.</def>

<h1>Epicoene</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*coene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Epicene.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hadley.</i>

<h1>Epicolic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*col"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ colon.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated upon or over the colon; -- applied to the region of the abdomen adjacent to the colon.</def>

<h1>Epicondylar</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*con"dy*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, an epicondyle.</def>

<h1>Epicondyle</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*con"dyle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + <ets>condyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A projection on the inner side of the distal end of the numerus; the internal condyle.</def>

<h1>Epicoracoid</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*cor"a*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + <ets>coracoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A ventral cartilaginous or bony element of the coracoid in the shoulder girdle of some vertebrates.</def>

<h1>Epicranial</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*cra"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the epicranium; as <i>epicranial</i> muscles.</def>

<h1>Epicranium</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*cra"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Epi-</er>, and <er>Cranium</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The upper and superficial part of the head, including the scalp, muscles, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dorsal wall of the head of insects.</def>

<h1>Epictetain</h1>
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<hw>Ep`ic*te"tain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ Epictetus.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Epictetus, the Roman Stoic philosopher, whose conception of life was to be passionless under whatever circumstances.</def>

<h1>Epicure</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*cure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Epicurus</ets>, Gr. <?/, a famous Greek philosopher, who has been regarded, but erroneously, as teaching a doctrine of refined voluptuousness.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A follower of Epicurus; an Epicurean.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One devoted to dainty or luxurious sensual enjoyments, esp. to the luxuries of the table.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Voluptuary; sensualist.</syn>

<h1>Epicurean</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*cu*re"an</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Epicureus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. <ets>\'82picurien</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to Epicurus, or following his philosophy.</def> "The sect <i>Epicurean</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Given to luxury; adapted to luxurious tastes; luxurious; pertaining to good eating.</def>

<blockquote>Courses of the most refined and <b>epicurean</b> dishes.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Epicurean philosophy</col>. <cd>See <cref>Atomic philosophy</cref>, under <er>Atomic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Epicurean</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*cu*re"an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A follower or Epicurus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One given to epicurean indulgence.</def>

<h1>Epicureanism</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*cu*re"an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Attachment to the doctrines of Epicurus; the principles or belief of Epicurus.</def>

<h1>Epicurely</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*cure`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Luxuriously.</def>

<i>Nash.</i>

<h1>Epicureous</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*cu*re"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Epicurean.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Epicurism</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*cu*rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82picurisme</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The doctrines of Epicurus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Epicurean habits of living; luxury.</def>

<h1>Epicurize</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*cu*rize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To profess or tend towards the doctrines of Epicurus.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To feed or indulge like an epicure.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Epicycle</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*cy`cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>epicyclus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ upon + <?/ circle. See <er>Cycle</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Ptolemaic Astron.)</fld> <def>A circle, whose center moves round in the circumference of a greater circle; or a small circle, whose center, being fixed in the deferent of a planet, is carried along with the deferent, and yet, by its own peculiar motion, carries the body of the planet fastened to it round its proper center.</def>

<blockquote>The schoolmen were like astronomers which did feign eccentries, and <b>epicycles</b>, and such engines of orbs.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A circle which rolls on the circumference of another circle, either externally or internally.</def>

<h1>Epicyclic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*cyc"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, resembling, or having the motion of, an epicycle.</def>

<cs><col>Epicyclic train</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a train of mechanism in which epicyclic motion is involved; esp., a train of spur wheels, bevel wheels, or belt pulleys, in which an arm, carrying one or more of the wheels, sweeps around a center lying in an axis common to the other wheels.</cd></cs>

<h1>Epicycloid</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*cy"cloid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Epicycle</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82picyclo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve traced by a point in the circumference of a circle which rolls on the convex side of a fixed circle.</def>

<note>&hand; Any point rigidly connected with the rolling circle, but not in its circumference, traces a curve called an <i>epitrochoid</i>. The curve traced by a point in the circumference of the rolling circle when it rolls on the concave side of a fixed circle is called a <i>hypocycloid</i>; the curve traced by a point rigidly connected with the rolling circle in this case, but not its circumference, is called a <i>hypotrochoid</i>. All the curves mentioned above belong to the class class called <i>roulettes</i> or <i>trochoids</i>. See <er>Trochoid</er>.</note>

<h1>Epicycloidal</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*cy*cloid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the epicycloid, or having its properties.</def>

<cs><col>Epicycloidal wheel</col>, <cd>a device for producing straight-line motion from circular motion, on the principle that a pin fastened in the periphery of a gear wheel will describe a straight line when the wheel rolls around inside a fixed internal gear of twice its diameter.</cd></cs>

<h1>Epideictic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*deic"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to show forth, display; <?/ + <?/ to show. Cf. <er>Epidictic</er>.]</ety> <def>Serving to show forth, explain, or exhibit; -- applied by the Greeks to a kind of oratory, which, by full amplification, seeks to persuade.</def>

<h1>Epidemic, Epidemical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ep`i*dem"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ep`i*dem"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>epidemus</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, among the people, epidemic; <?/ in + <?/ people: cf. F. <ets>\'82pid\'82mique</ets>. Cf. <er>Demagogue</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Common to, or affecting at the same time, a large number in a community; -- applied to a disease which, spreading widely, attacks many persons at the same time; <as>as, an <ex>epidemic</ex> disease; an <ex>epidemic</ex> catarrh, fever, etc.</as>  See <er>Endemic</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Spreading widely, or generally prevailing; affecting great numbers, as an epidemic does; <as>as, <ex>epidemic</ex> rage; an <ex>epidemic</ex> evil.</as></def>

<blockquote>It was the <b>epidemical</b> sin of the nation.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Epidemic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*dem"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Epidemy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An epidemic disease.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything which takes possession of the minds of people as an epidemic does of their bodies; <as>as, an <ex>epidemic</ex> of terror</as>.</def>

<h1>Epidemically</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*dem"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an epidemic manner.</def>

<h1>Epidemiography</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*de`mi*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Epidemy</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A treatise upon, or history of, epidemic diseases.</def>

<h1>Epidemiological</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*de`mi*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Connected with, or pertaining to, epidemiology.</def>

<h1>Epidemiologist</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*de`mi*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person skilled in epidemiology.</def>

<h1>Epidemiology</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*de`mi*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Epidemy</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>That branch of science which treats of epidemics.</def>

<h1>Epidemy</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*dem`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>\'82pid\'82mie</ets>. See <er>Epidemic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An epidemic disease.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Epiderm</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*derm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82piderme</ets>. See <er>Epidermis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The epidermis.</def>

<h1>Epidermal</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*der"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the epidermis; epidermic; cuticular.</def>

<h1>Epidermatic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*der*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Epidermal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Epidermatoid</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*der"ma*toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ upon + <?/, <?/, skin + <ets>-oid</ets>. Cf. <er>Epidermoid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Epidermoid.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Epidermeous</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*der"me*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Epidermal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Epidermic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*der"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82pidermique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Epidermal; connected with the skin or the bark.</def>

<cs><col>Epidermic administration of medicine</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the application of medicine to the skin by friction.</cd></cs>

<h1>Epidermical</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*der"mic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Epidermal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Epidermidal</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*der"mi*dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Epidermal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Epidermis</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*der"mis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ over + <?/ skin, fr. <?/ to skin. See <er>Tear</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The outer, nonsensitive layer of the skin; cuticle; scarfskin. See <er>Dermis</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The outermost layer of the cells, which covers both surfaces of leaves, and also the surface of stems, when they are first formed. As stems grow old this layer is lost, and never replaced.</def>

<h1>Epidermoid</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*der"moid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82pidermo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Like epidermis; pertaining to the epidermis.</def>

<h1>Epidermose</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*der"mose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Epidermis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Keratin.</def>

<h1>Epidictic, Epidictical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ep`i*dic"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ep`i*dic"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>epidictius</ets>. See <er>Epideictic</er>.]</ety> <def>Serving to explain; demonstrative.</def>

<h1>Epididymis</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*did"y*mis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ upon + <?/ testicle.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An oblong vermiform mass on the dorsal side of the testicle, composed of numerous convolutions of the excretory duct of that organ.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ep`i*did"y*mal</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Epididymitis</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*did`y*mi"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Epididymis</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the epididymis, one of the common results of gonorrhea.</def>

<h1>Epidote</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*dote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to give besides; <?/ over + <?/ to give: cf. F. <ets>\'82pidote</ets>. So named from the <ets>enlargement</ets> of the base of the primary, in some of the secondary forms.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral, commonly of a yellowish green (pistachio) color, occurring granular, massive, columnar, and in monoclinic crystals. It is a silicate of alumina, lime, and oxide of iron, or manganese.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>Epidote group</i> includes ordinary epidote, zoisite or <i>lime epidote</i>, piedmontite or <i>manganese epidote</i>, allanite or <i>serium epidote</i>.</note>

<h1>Epidotic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*dot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Related to, resembling, or containing epidote; <as>as, an <ex>epidotic</ex> granite</as>.</def>

<h1>Epig\'91a</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*g\'91"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ upon + <?/ earth.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American genus of plants, containing but a single species (<spn>E. repens</spn>), the trailing arbutus.</def>

<h1>Epig\'91ous</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*g\'91"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Epig\'91a</er>, and cf. <er>Epigee</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing on, or close to, the ground.</def>

<h1>Epigastrial</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*gas"tri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Epigastric.</def>

<h1>Epigastric</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*gas"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ over the belly; <?/ upon + <?/ belly: cf. F. <ets>\'82pigastrique</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the epigastrium, or to the epigastric region.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Over the stomach; -- applied to two of the areas of the carapace of crabs.</def>

<cs><col>Epigastric region</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The whole upper part of the abdomen.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An arbitrary division of the abdomen above the umbilical and between the two hypochondriac regions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Epigastrium</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*gas"tri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The upper part of the abdomen.</def>

<h1>Epigeal</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*ge"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Epig\'91ous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Epigee</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*gee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>epigeum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ upon the earth. See <er>Epig\'91a</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Perigee</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Epigene</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*gene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to be born, grow.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Foreign; unnatural; unusual; -- said of forms of crystals not natural to the substances in which they are found.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Formed originating on the surface of the earth; -- opposed to <i>hypogene</i>; <as>as, <ex>epigene</ex> rocks</as>.</def>

<h1>Epigenesis</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The theory of generation which holds that the germ is created entirely new, not merely expanded, by the procreative power of the parents. It is opposed to the theory of <i>evolution</i>, also to <i>syngenesis</i>.</def>

<h1>Epigenesist</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*gen"e*sist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One who believes in, or advocates the theory of, epigenesis.</def>

<h1>Epigenetic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the epigenesis; produced according to the theory of epigenesis.</def>

<h1>Epigeous</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*ge"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Epig\'91ous</er>.</def>

<h1>Epigeum</h1>
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<hw>Ep*i*ge"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Epigee</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Perigee</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Epiglottic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*glot"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or connected with, the epiglottis.</def>

<h1>Epiglottidean</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*glot*tid"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Epiglottic</er>.</def>

<h1>Epiglottis</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*glot"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ upon +  <?/, <?/, tongue. See <er>Glottis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A cartilaginous lidlike appendage which closes the glottis while food or drink is passing while food or drink is passing through the pharynx.</def>

<h1>Epignathous</h1>
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<hw>E*pig"na*thous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Epi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Hook-billed; having the upper mandible longer than the lower.</def>

<h1>Epigram</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>epigramma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ inscription, epigram, fr. <?/ to write upon, <?/ upon + <?/ to write: cf. F. <ets>\'82pigramme</ets>. See <er>Graphic</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A short poem treating concisely and pointedly of a single thought or event. The modern epigram is so contrived as to surprise the reader with a witticism or ingenious turn of thought, and is often satirical in character.</def>

<blockquote>Dost thou think I care for a satire or an <b>epigram</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Epigrams</i> were originally inscription on tombs, statues, temples, triumphal arches, etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An effusion of wit; a bright thought tersely and sharply expressed, whether in verse or prose.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The style of the epigram.</def>

<blockquote>Antithesis, <it>i. e</it>., bilateral stroke, is the soul of <b>epigram</b> in its later and technical signification.
<i>B. Cracroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Epigrammatic, Epigrammatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ep`i*gram*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ep`i*gram*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw><ety>[L. <ets>epigrammaticus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82pigrammatique</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Writing epigrams; dealing in epigrams; <as>as, an <ex>epigrammatical</ex> poet</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suitable to epigrams; belonging to epigrams; like an epigram; pointed; piquant; <as>as, <ex>epigrammatic</ex> style, wit, or sallies of fancy</as>.</def>

<h1>Epigrammatically</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*gram*mat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the way of epigram; in an epigrammatic style.</def>

<h1>Epigrammatist</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*gram"ma*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>epigrammatista</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82pigrammatiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who composes epigrams, or makes use of them.</def>

<blockquote>The brisk <b>epigrammatist</b> showing off his own cleverness.
<i>Holmes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Epigrammatize</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*gram"ma*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Epigrammatized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Epigrammatizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To represent by epigrams; to express by epigrams.</def>

<h1>Epigrammatizer</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*gram"ma*ti`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who writes in an affectedly pointed style.</def>

<blockquote><b>Epigrammatizers</b> of our English prose style.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Epigrammist</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*gram`mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An epigrammatist.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Epigraph</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>\'82pigraphe</ets>. See <er>Epigram</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any inscription set upon a building; especially, one which has to do with the building itself, its founding or dedication.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Literature)</fld> <def>A citation from some author, or a sentence framed for the purpose, placed at the beginning of a work or of its separate divisions; a motto.</def>

<h1>Epigraphic, Epigraphical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ep`i*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ep`i*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to epigraphs or to epigraphy; <as>as, an <ex>epigraphic</ex> style; <ex>epigraphical</ex> works or studies.</as></def>

<h1>Epigraphics</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*graph"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science or study of epigraphs.</def>

<h1>Epigraphist</h1>
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<hw>E*pig"ra*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A student of, or one versed in, epigraphy.</def>

<h1>Epigraphy</h1>
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<hw>E*pig"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of inscriptions; the art of engraving inscriptions or of deciphering them.</def>

<h1>Epigynous</h1>
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<hw>E*pig"y*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ woman, female: cf. F. <ets>\'82pigyne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Adnate to the surface of the ovary, so as to be apparently inserted upon the top of it; -- said of stamens, petals, sepals, and also of the disk.</def>

<h1>Epihyal</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*hy"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + the Greek letter <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A segment next above the ceratohyal in the hyoidean arch.</def>

<h1>Epilepsy</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*lep`sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>epilepsia</ets>, Gr. <?/ a seizure, the "falling sickness," fr. <?/ to take besides, seize, attack; <?/ upon, besides + <?/ to take: cf. F. <ets>\'82pilepsie</ets>. Cf. <er>Catalepsy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The "falling sickness," so called because the patient falls suddenly to the ground; a disease characterized by paroxysms (or fits) occurring at interval and attended by sudden loss of consciousness, and convulsive motions of the muscles.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Epileptic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*lep"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>epilepticus</ets>, Gr. <?/ : cf. F. <ets>\'82pileptique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, affected with, or of the nature of, epilepsy.</def>

<h1>Epileptic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*lep"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One affected with epilepsy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A medicine for the cure of epilepsy.</def>

<h1>Epileptical</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*lep"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Epileptic.</def>

<h1>Epileptiform</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*lep"ti*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling epilepsy.</def>

<h1>Epileptogenous</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*lep*tog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ epileptic + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Producing epilepsy or epileptoid convulsions; -- applied to areas of the body or of the nervous system, stimulation of which produces convulsions.</def>

<h1>Epileptoid</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*lep"toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Resembling epilepsy; <as>as, <ex>epileptoid</ex> convulsions</as>.</def>

<h1>Epilogation</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*lo*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>epilogatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A summing up in a brief account.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Epilogic, Epilogical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ep`i*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ep`i*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an epilogue.</def>

<h1>Epilogism</h1>
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<hw>E*pil"o*gism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to reckon over, to deliver an epilogue; <?/ upon + <?/ to count, reckon. See <er>Epilogue</er>.]</ety> <def>Enumeration; computation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Gregory.</i>

<h1>Epilogistic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*lo*gis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gr. <?/  calculating. See <er>Epilogism</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to epilogue; of the nature of an epilogue.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<i>\'3c-- p. 502 --\'3e</i>

<h1>Epilogize</h1>
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<hw>E*pil"o*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Epilogism</er>.]</ety> <def>To speak an epilogue to; to utter as an epilogue.</def>

<h1>Epilogue</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*logue</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82pilogue</ets>, L. <ets>epilogus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ conclusion, fr. <?/ to say in addition; <?/ upon, besides + <?/ to say. See <er>Legend</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Drama)</fld> <def>A speech or short poem addressed to the spectators and recited by one of the actors, after the conclusion of the play.</def>

<blockquote>A good play no <b>epilogue</b>, yet . . . good plays prove the better by the help of good <b>epilogues</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The closing part of a discourse, in which the principal matters are recapitulated; a conclusion.</def>

<h1>Epiloguize</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*lo*guize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. &  t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Epilogize</er>.</def>

<h1>Epimachus</h1>
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<hw>E*pim"a*chus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ equipped for battle; <?/ for + <?/ battle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of highly ornate and brilliantly colored birds of Australia, allied to the birds of Paradise.</def>

<h1>Epimera</h1>
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<hw>E*pim"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Epimeron</er>.</def>

<h1>Epimeal</h1>
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<hw>E*pim"e*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the epimera.</def>

<h1>Epimere</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Epi-</ets> + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the segments of the transverse axis, or the so called homonymous parts; as, for example, one of the several segments of the extremities in vertebrates, or one of the similar segments in plants, such as the segments of a segmented leaf.</def>

<i>Syd. Soc. Lex.</i>

<h1>Epimeron</h1>
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<hw>E*pim"e*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Epimera</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ upon + <?/ a part.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In crustaceans: The part of the side of a somite external to the basal joint of each appendage</def>. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Crustacea</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In insects: The lateral piece behind the episternum.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>epimerum</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Epinastic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*nas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ pressed close.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A term applied to that phase of vegetable growth in which an organ grows more rapidly on its upper than on its under surface. See <er>Hyponastic</er>.</def>

<h1>Epineural</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*neu"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + <ets>neural</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Arising from the neurapophysis of a vertebra.</def>

<h1>Epineurium</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*neu"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ upon + <?/ a nerve.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The connective tissue framework and sheath of a nerve which bind together the nerve bundles, each of which has its own special sheath, or perineurium.</def>

<h1>Epinglette</h1>
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<hw>Ep`in*glette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An iron needle for piercing the cartridge of a cannon before priming.</def>

<h1>Epinicial</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*ni"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Epinicion</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to victory.</def> "An <i>epinicial</i> song."

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Epinicion</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*ni"cion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ belonging to victory; <?/ upon, to + <?/ victory: cf. L. <ets>epinicium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A song of triumph.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Epinikian</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*nik"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Epinicial.</def>

<h1>Epiornis</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*or"nis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.: cf. F. <ets>\'82piornis</ets>. See <er>\'92pyornis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the gigantic ostrichlike birds of the genus <spn>\'92piornis</spn>, only recently extinct. Its remains have been found in Madagascar.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>\'92pyornis</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Epiotic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*o"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + Gr. <?/, gen. <?/, ear.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The upper and outer element of periotic bone, -- in man forming a part of the temporal bone.</def>

<h1>Epipedometry</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*pe*dom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/  on the ground, level (<?/ + <?/ ground) + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The mensuration of figures standing on the same base.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Epiperipheral</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*pe*riph"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + <ets>peripheral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Connected with, or having its origin upon, the external surface of the body; -- especially applied to the feelings which originate at the extremities of nerves distributed on the outer surface, as the sensation produced by touching an object with the finger; -- opposed to <i>entoperipheral</i>.</def>

<i>H. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Epipetalous</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + <ets>petal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Borne on the petals or corolla.</def>

<h1>Epiphany</h1>
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<hw>E*piph"a*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82piphanie</ets>, L. <ets>epiphania</ets>, Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), for <?/ appearance, fr. <?/ to show forth; <?/ + <?/ to show. See <er>Fancy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An appearance, or a becoming manifest.</def>

<blockquote>Whom but just before they beheld transfigured and in a glorious <b>epiphany</b> upon the mount.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An epic poet, if ever such a difficult birth should make its <b>epiphany</b> in Paris.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A church festival celebrated on the 6th of January, the twelfth day after Christmas, in commemoration of the visit of the Magi of the East to Bethlehem, to see and worship the child Jesus; or, as others maintain, to commemorate the appearance of the star to the Magi, symbolizing the manifestation of Christ to the Gentles; Twelfthtide.</def>

<h1>Epipharyngeal</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*phar`yn*ge"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + <ets>pharyngeal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the segments above the epibranchial in the branchial arches of fishes.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An epipharyngeal bone or cartilage.</def></def2>

<h1>Epipharynx</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*phar"ynx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Epi-</ets> + <ets>pharynx</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A structure which overlaps the mouth of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Epiphonema</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*pho*ne"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to mention; <?/ + <?/ to speak.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>An exclamatory sentence, or striking reflection, which sums up or concludes a discourse.</def>

<h1>Epiphoneme</h1>
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<hw>E*piph"o*neme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Epiphonema.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Epiphora</h1>
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<hw>E*piph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to bring to or upon; <?/ + <?/ to bring.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The watery eye; a disease in which the tears accumulate in the eye, and trickle over the cheek.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The emphatic repetition of a word or phrase, at the end of several sentences or stanzas.</def>

<h1>Epiphragm</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*phragm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.  <?/ a covering, lid, fr. <?/ to block up.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A membranaceous or calcareous septum with which some mollusks close the aperture of the shell during the time of hibernation, or \'91stivation.</def>

<h1>Epiphylospermous</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*phy`lo*sper"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ leaf + <?/ seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing fruit on the black of the leaves, as ferns.</def>

<i>Harris (1710).</i>

<h1>Epiphyllous</h1>
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<hw>E*piph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing upon, or inserted into, the leaf.</def>

<h1>Epiphyllum</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*phyl"lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of cactaceous plants having flattened, jointed stems, and petals united in a tube. The flowers are very showy, and several species are in cultivation.</def>

<h1>Epiphyseal, Epiphysial</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ep`i*phys"e*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ep`i*phys"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an epiphysis.</def>

<h1>Epiphysis</h1>
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<hw>E*piph"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Epiphyses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to grow upon; <?/ upon + <?/ to grow.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The end, or other superficial part, of a bone, which ossifies separately from the central portion, or <i>diaphysis</i></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cerebral epiphysis, or pineal gland. See <cref>Pineal gland</cref>, under <er>Pineal</er>.</def>

<h1>Epiphytal</h1>
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<hw>E*piph"y*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to an epiphyte.</def>

<h1>Epiphyte</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*phyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ upon + <?/ plant, <?/ to grow: cf. F. <ets>\'82piphyte</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An air plant which grows on other plants, but does not derive its nourishment from them. See <er>Air plant</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A vegetable parasite growing on the surface of the body.</def>

<h1>Epiphytic, Epiphytical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ep`i*phyt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ep`i*phyt"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an epiphyte.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ep`i*phyt"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Epiplastron</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*plas"tron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Epiplastra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + <ets>plastron</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the first pair of lateral plates in the plastron of turtles.</def>

<h1>Epipleural</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*pleu"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + <ets>pleural</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Arising from the pleurapophysis of a vertebra.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Epiplexis</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*plex"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., reproof, fr. Gr. <?/ , fr. <?/ to strike at, reprove; <?/ + <?/ to strike.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which a person seeks to convince and move by an elegant kind of upbraiding.</def>

<h1>Epiploce</h1>
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<hw>E*pip"lo*ce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., connection, from Gr. <?/ a plaiting together, fr. <?/ to plait or braid in; <?/ upon + <?/ to twist, plait.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which one striking circumstance is added, in due gradation, to another; climax; <it>e. g.</it>, "He not only spared his enemies, but continued them in employment; not only continued, but advanced them."</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Epiploic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*plo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the epiplo\'94n.</def>

<h1>Epiplo\'94n</h1>
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<hw>E*pip"lo*\'94n</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Epiploa</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Omentum</er>.</def>

<h1>Epipodial</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*po"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the epipodialia or the parts of the limbs to which they belong.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the epipodium of Mollusca.</def>

<h1>Epipodiale</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*po`di*a"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Epipodialia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ upon + <?/, dim. of <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the bones of either the forearm or shank, the <i>epipodialia</i> being the radius, ulna, tibia, and fibula.</def>

<h1>Epipodite</h1>
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<hw>E*pip"o*dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Epipodium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The outer branch of the legs in certain Crustacea. See <er>Maxilliped</er>.</def>

<h1>Epipodium</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*po"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Epipodia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ upon + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the lateral lobes of the foot in certain gastropods.</def>

<h1>Epipolic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*pol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Producing, or relating to, epipolism or fluorescence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Epipolism</h1>
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<hw>E*pip"o*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a surface; <?/ + <?/ to be.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>See <er>Fluorescence</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i>

<h1>Epipolized</h1>
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<hw>E*pip"o*lized</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Changed to the epipolic condition, or that in which the phenomenon of fluorescence is presented; produced by fluorescence; <as>as, <ex>epipolized</ex> light</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Stokes.</i>

<h1>Epipteric</h1>
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<hw>Ep`ip*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ wing. So called because above the wing of the sphenoid.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a small Wormian bone sometimes present in the human skull between the parietal and the great wing of the sphenoid.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The epipteric bone.</def></def2>

<h1>Epipterygoid</h1>
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<hw>Ep`ip*ter"y*goid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + <ets>pterygoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated upon or above the pterygoid bone.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An epipterygoid bone or cartilage; the columella in the skulls of many lizards.</def></def2>

<h1>Epipubic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*pu"bic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the epipubis.</def>

<h1>Epipubis</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*pu"bis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Epipubes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., <ets>epi-</ets> + <ets>pubis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A cartilage or bone in front of the pubis in some amphibians and other animals.</def>

<h1>Episcopacy</h1>
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<hw>E*pis"co*pa*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Episcopate</er>.]</ety> <def>Government of the church by bishops; church government by three distinct orders of ministers -- bishops, priests, and deacons -- of whom the bishops have an authority superior and of a different kind.</def>

<h1>Episcopal</h1>
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<hw>E*pis"co*pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>episcopalis</ets>, fr. <ets>episcopus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82piscopal</ets>. See <er>Bishop</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Governed by bishops; <as>as, an <ex>episcopal</ex> church</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Belonging to, or vested in, bishops; <as>as, <ex>episcopal</ex> jurisdiction or authority; the <ex>episcopal</ex> system.</as></def>

<h1>Episcopalian</h1>
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<hw>E*pis`co*pa"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to bishops, or government by bishops; episcopal; specifically, of or relating to the Protestant Episcopal Church.</def>

<h1>Episcopalian</h1>
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<hw>E*pis`co*pa"li*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who belongs to an episcopal church, or adheres to the episcopal form of church government and discipline; a churchman; specifically, in the United States, a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church.</def>

<h1>Episcopalianism</h1>
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<hw>E*pis`co*pa"li*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine and usages of Episcopalians; episcopacy.</def>

<h1>Episcopally</h1>
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<hw>E*pis"co*pal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By episcopal authority; in an episcopal manner.</def>

<h1>Episcopant</h1>
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<hw>E*pis"co*pant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bishop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Episcoparian</h1>
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<hw>E*pis`co*pa"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Episcopal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Episcopate</h1>
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<hw>E*pis"co*pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>episcopatus</ets>, fr. <ets>episcopus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82piscopat</ets>. See <er>Bishop</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A bishopric; the office and dignity of a bishop.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The collective body of bishops.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The time of a bishop's rule.</def>

<h1>Episcopate</h1>
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<hw>E*pis"co*pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Episcopated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Episcopating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To act as a bishop; to fill the office of a prelate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Feeding the flock <b>episcopating</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Episcopicide</h1>
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<hw>E*pis"co*pi*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>episcopus</ets> bishop + <ets>caedere</ets> to kill.]</ety> <def>The killing of a bishop.</def>

<h1>Episcopize</h1>
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<hw>E*pis"co*pize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a bishop of by consecration.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Episcopize</h1>
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<hw>E*pis"co*pize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To perform the duties of a bishop.</def>

<h1>Episcopy</h1>
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<hw>E*pis"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/. See <er>Bishop</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Survey; superintendence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Episcopacy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Episepalous</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*sep"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + <ets>sepal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing on the sepals or adnate to them.</def>

<h1>Episkeletal</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*skel"e*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + <ets>skeleletal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Above or outside of the endoskeleton; epaxial.</def>

<h1>Episodal</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*so"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Episodic</er>.</def>

<h1>Episode</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*sode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a coming in besides, <?/ episode; <?/ into, besides + <?/ a coming in, <?/ into + <?/ way, cf. Skr. <ets>sad</ets> to go: cf. F. <ets>\'82pisode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A separate incident, story, or action, introduced for the purpose of giving a greater variety to the events related; an incidental narrative, or digression, separable from the main subject, but naturally arising from it.</def>

<h1>Episodial</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*so"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an episode; by way of episode; episodic.</def>

<h1>Episodic, Episodical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ep`i*so"dic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ep`i*so"dic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82pisodique</ets>. See <er>Episode</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an episode; adventitious.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ep`i*so"dic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Such a figure as Jacob Brattle, purely <b>episodical</b> though it be, is an excellent English portrait.
<i>H. James.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Epispadias</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*spa"di*as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ upon + <?/ to draw, rend.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A deformity in which the urethra opens upon the top of the penis, instead of at its extremity.</def>

<h1>Epispastic</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*spas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to draw to, attract; <?/ to + <?/ to draw: cf. F. <ets>\'82pispastique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Attracting the humors to the skin; exciting action in the skin; blistering.</def>

<h1>Epispastic</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*spas"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An external application to the skin, which produces a puriform or serous discharge by exciting inflammation; a vesicatory.</def>

<h1>Episperm</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*sperm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ seed: cf. F. <ets>\'82pisperme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The skin or coat of a seed, especially the outer coat. See <er>Testa</er>.</def>

<h1>Epispermic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*sper"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining, or belonging, to the episperm, or covering of a seed.</def>

<h1>Epispore</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*spore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The thickish outer coat of certain spores.</def>

<h1>Epistaxis</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*stax"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ upon + <?/ to drop.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Bleeding at the nose.</def>

<h1>Epistemology</h1>
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<hw>E*pis`te*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ knowledge + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The theory or science of the method or grounds of knowledge.</def>

<h1>Episternal</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*ster"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the episternum.</def>

<h1>Episternum</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*ster"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Episterna</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Epi-</er>, and <er>Sternum</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A median bone connected with the sternum, in many vertebrates; the interclavicle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Epiplastron</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the lateral pieces next to the sternum in the thorax of insects.</def>

<h1>Epistilbite</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*stil"bite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + <ets>stilbite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A crystallized, transparent mineral of the Zeolite family. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.</def>

<h1>Epistle</h1>
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<hw>E*pis"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>epistle</ets>, <ets>epistel</ets>, AS. <ets>epistol</ets>, <ets>pistol</ets>, L. <ets>epistola</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ anything sent by a messenger, message, letter, fr. <?/ to send to, tell by letter or message; <?/ upon, to + <?/ to dispatch, send; cf. OF. <ets>epistle</ets>, <ets>epistre</ets>, F. <ets>\'82p\'8ctre</ets>. See <er>Stall</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A writing directed or sent to a person or persons; a written communication; a letter; -- applied usually to formal, didactic, or elegant letters.</def>

<blockquote>A madman's <b>epistles</b> are no gospels.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One of the letters in the New Testament which were addressed to their Christian brethren by Apostles.</def>

<cs><col>Epistle side</col>, <cd>the right side of an altar or church to a person looking from the nave toward the chancel.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>One sees the pulpit on the <b>epistle side</b>.
<i>R. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Epistle</h1>
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<hw>E*pis"tle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To write; to communicate in a letter or by writing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Epistler</h1>
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<hw>E*pis"tler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A writer of epistles, or of an epistle of the New Testament.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The ecclesiastic who reads the epistle at the communion service.</def>

<h1>Epistolar</h1>
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<hw>E*pis"to*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Epistolary.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Epistolary</h1>
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<hw>E*pis"to*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>epistolaris</ets>, fr. <ets>epistola</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82pistolaire</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to epistles or letters; suitable to letters and correspondence; <as>as, an <ex>epistolary</ex> style</as>.</def>

<hr>
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Page 503<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contained in letters; carried on by letters.</def> "<i>Epistolary</i> correspondence."

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Epistolean</h1>
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<hw>Ep`is*to"le*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who writes epistles; a correspondent.</def>

<i>Mary Cowden Clarke.</i>

<h1>Epistoler</h1>
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<hw>E*pis"to*ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One of the clergy who reads the epistle at the communion service; an epistler.</def>

<h1>Epistolet</h1>
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<hw>E*pis"to*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little epistle.</def>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Epistolic, Epistolical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ep`is*tol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ep`is*tol"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>epistolicus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to letters or epistles; in the form or style of letters; epistolary.</def>

<h1>Epistolize</h1>
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<hw>E*pis"to*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To write epistles.</def>

<h1>Epistolizer</h1>
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<hw>E*pis"to*li`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of epistles.</def>

<h1>Epistolographic</h1>
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<hw>E*pis`to*lo*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ : cf. F. <ets>\'82pistolographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the writing of letters; used in writing letters; epistolary.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Epistolographic character</col> &or; <col>mode of writing</col></mcol>, <cd>the same as <cref>Demotic character</cref>. See under <er>Demotic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Epistolography</h1>
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<hw>E*pis`to*log"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ epistle + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82pistolographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or practice of writing epistles.</def>

<h1>Epistoma, Epistome</h1>
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<hw><hw>E*pis"to*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ep"i*stome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>epistoma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ upon + <?/, <?/, mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The region between the antenn\'91 and the mouth, in Crustacea.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A liplike organ that covers the mouth, in most Bryozoa. See <i>Illust</i>., under <er>Entoprocta</er>.</def>

<h1>Epistrophe</h1>
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<hw>E*pis"tro*phe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/ a turning toward, return, fr. <?/ to turn toward; <?/ upon, to + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure in which successive clauses end with the same word or affirmation; <it>e. g.</it>, "Are they Hebrews? <i>so am I</i>. Are they Israelites? <i>so am I</i>."</def>

<i>2 Cor. xi. 22.</i>

<h1>Epistyle</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*style</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>epistylium</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ upon + <?/ column: cf. F. <ets>\'82pistyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Arch.)</fld> <def>A massive piece of stone or wood laid immediately on the abacus of the capital of a column or pillar; -- now called <i>architrave</i>.</def>

<h1>Episyllogism</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*syl"lo*gism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + <ets>syllogism</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A syllogism which assumes as one of its premises a proposition which was the conclusion of a preceding syllogism, called, in relation to this, the prosyllogism.</def>

<h1>Epitaph</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*taph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82pitaphe</ets>, L. <ets>epitaphium</ets> a funeral oration, fr. Gr. <?/, orig. an adj., over or at a tomb; <?/ upon + <?/ tomb.  Cf. <er>Cenotaph</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An inscription on, or at, a tomb, or a grave, in memory or commendation of the one buried there; a sepulchral inscription.</def>

<blockquote>Hang her an <b>epitaph</b> upon her tomb.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A brief writing formed as if to be inscribed on a monument, as that concerning Alexander: "Sufficit huic tumulus, cui non sufficeret orbis."</def>

<h1>Epitaph</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*taph</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To commemorate by an epitaph.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Let me be <b>epitaphed</b> the inventor of English hexameters.
<i>G. Harvey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Epitaph</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*taph</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To write or speak after the manner of an epitaph.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The common in their speeches <b>epitaph</b> upon him . . . "He lived as a wolf and died as a dog."
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Epitapher</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*taph`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of epitaphs.</def>

<i>Nash.</i>

<h1>Epitaphial, Epitaphian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ep`i*taph"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ep`i*taph"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or of the nature of, an epitaph.</def>

<blockquote>The noble Pericles in his <b>epitaphian</b> speech.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Epitaphial</b> Latin verses are not to be taken too literally.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Epitaphic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*taph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an epitaph; epitaphian.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An epitaph.</def></def2>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Epitaphist</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*taph`ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An epitapher.</def>

<h1>Epitasis</h1>
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<hw>E*pit"a*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/  a stretching, fr. <?/ to stretch upon or over; <?/ upon + <?/ to stretch.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That part which embraces the main action of a play, poem, and the like, and leads on to the catastrophe; -- opposed to <i>protasis</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The period of violence in a fever or disease; paroxysm.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Epithalamic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*tha*lam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to, or designed for, an epithalamium.</def>

<h1>Epithalamium</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*tha*la"mi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Epithalamiums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Epithalamia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ , orig. an adj., nuptial; <?/ upon, at + <?/  bride chamber.]</ety> <def>A nuptial song, or poem in honor of the bride and bridegroom.</def>

<blockquote>The kind of poem which was called <b>epithalamium</b> . . . sung when the bride was led into her chamber.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Epithalamy</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*thal"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Epithalamies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>Epithalamium.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Epitheca</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*the"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ upon + <?/  a case, box, fr. <?/ to place.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A continuous and, usually, structureless layer which covers more or less of the exterior of many corals.</def>

<h1>Epithelial</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*the"li*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to epithelium; <as>as, <ex>epithelial</ex> cells; <ex>epithelial</ex> cancer.</as></def>

<h1>Epithelioid</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*the"li*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Epithelium</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Like epithelium; <as>as, <ex>epithelioid</ex> cells</as>.</def>

<h1>Epithelioma</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*the`li*o"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Epithelium</er>, and <er>-oma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A malignant growth containing epithelial cells; -- called also <altname>epithelial cancer</altname>.</def>

<h1>Epithelium</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*the"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Epitheliums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Epithelia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ upon + <?/ nipple.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The superficial layer of cells lining the alimentary canal and all its appendages, all glands and their ducts, blood vessels and lymphatics, serous cavities, etc. It often includes the epidermis (<it>i. e.</it>, keratin-producing epithelial cells), and it is sometimes restricted to the alimentary canal, the glands and their appendages, -- the term <i>endothelium</i> being applied to the lining membrane of the blood vessels, lymphatics, and serous cavities.</def>

<h1>Epitheloid</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*the"loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Epithelioid.</def>

<h1>Epithem</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*them</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>epithema</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to lay or put on: cf. F. <ets>\'82pith\'8ame</ets>. See <er>Epithet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any external topical application to the body, except ointments and plasters, as a poultice, lotion, etc.</def>

<h1>Epithema</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*the"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ upon + <?/  a case, box, fr. <?/ to place.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A horny excrescence upon the beak of birds.</def>

<h1>Epithesis</h1>
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<hw>E*pith"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a putting on; <?/ upon + <?/ to place.]</ety> <def>The addition of a letter at the end of a word, without changing its sense; <as>as, <ex>numb</ex> for <ex>num</ex>, <ex>whilst</ex> for <ex>whiles</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Epithet</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*thet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>epitheton</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ added, fr. <?/ to add; <?/ upon, to + <?/ to put, place: cf. F. <ets>\'82pith\'8ate</ets>. See <er>Do</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An adjective expressing some quality, attribute, or relation, that is properly or specially appropriate to a person or thing; as, a <i>just</i> man; a <i>verdant</i> lawn.</def>

<blockquote>A prince [Henry III.] to whom the <b>epithet</b> "worthless" seems best applicable.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Term; expression; phrase.</def> "Stiffed with <i>epithets</i> of war."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Epithet</er>, <er>Title</er>.</syn> <usage> The name <i>epithet</i> was formerly extended to nouns which give a title or describe character (as the "<i>epithet</i> of liar"), but is now confined wholly to adjectives. Some rhetoricians, as Whately, restrict it still further, considering the term <i>epithet</i> as belonging only to a limited class of adjectives, viz., those which add nothing to the sense of their noun, but simply hold forth some quality necessarily implied therein; <as>as, the <ex>bright</ex> sun, the <ex>lofty</ex> heavens, etc.</as>  But this restriction does not prevail in general literature.  <i>Epithet</i> is sometimes confounded with <i>application</i>, which is always a noun or its equivalent.</usage>

<h1>Epithet</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*thet</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To describe by an epithet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Never was a town better <b>epitheted</b>.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Epithetic, Epithetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ep`i*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ep`i*thet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ added.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or abounding with, epithets.</def> "In <i>epithetic</i> measured prose."

<i>Lloyd.</i>

<h1>Epithite</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*thite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ impostor.]</ety> <def>A lazy, worthless fellow; a vagrant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mason.</i>

<h1>Epithumetic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*thu*met"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Epithumetical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Epithumetical</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*thu*met"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to long for, lust after; <?/ + <?/ soul, heart, desire.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to sexual desire; sensual.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Epitithides</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*tith"i*des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to place upon. See <er>Epithet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The uppermost member of the cornice of an entablature.</def>

<h1>Epitomator</h1>
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<hw>E*pit"o*ma`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>An epitomist.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Epitome</h1>
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<hw>E*pit"o*me</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Epitomes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a surface incision, also, and abridgment, fr. <?/ to cut into, cut short; <?/ upon + <?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>\'82pitome</ets>. See <er>Tome</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A work in which the contents of a former work are reduced within a smaller space by curtailment and condensation; a brief summary; an abridgement.</def>

<blockquote>[An] <b>epitome</b> of the contents of a very large book.
<i>Sydney Smith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A compact or condensed representation of anything.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>epitome</b> of English fashionable life.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A man so various that he seemed to be
Not one, but all mankind's <b>epitome</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Abridgement; compendium; compend; abstract; synopsis; abbreviature. See <er>Abridgment</er>.</syn>

<h1>Epitomist</h1>
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<hw>E*pit"o*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes an epitome; one who abridges; an epitomizer.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Epitomize</h1>
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<hw>E*pit"o*mize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Epitomized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Epitomizing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make an epitome of; to shorten or abridge, as a writing or discourse; to reduce within a smaller space; <as>as, to <ex>epitomize</ex> the works of Justin</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To diminish, as by cutting off something; to curtail; <as>as, to <ex>epitomize</ex> words</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Epitomizer</h1>
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<hw>E*pit"o*mi`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An epitomist.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Epitrite</h1>
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<hw>Ep"i*trite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ containing an integer and one third (<it>i. e</it>., <ets><?/</ets>, or in the ratio of 4 to 3); <?/ upon, over + <?/ the third: cf. L. <ets>epitritos</ets>, F. <ets>\'82pitrite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. & Lat. Pros.)</fld> <def>A foot consisting of three long syllables and one short syllable.</def>

<note>&hand; It is so called from being compounded of a spondee (which contains 4 times) with an iambus or a trochee (which contains 3 times). It is called 1st, 2d, 3d, or 4th <i>epitrite</i> according as the short syllable stands 1st, 2d, etc.</note>

<h1>Epitrochlea</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*troch"le*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Epi-</er>, and <er>Trochlea</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A projection on the outer side of the distal end of the humerus; the external condyle.</def>

<h1>Epitrochlear</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*troch"le*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the epitrochlea.</def>

<h1>Epitrochoid</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*tro"choid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>epi-</ets> + Gr. <?/  wheel + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A kind of curve. See <er>Epicycloid</er>, any <er>Trochoid</er>.</def>

<h1>Epitrope</h1>
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<hw>E*pit"ro*pe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ reference, arbitration, fr. <?/ to turn over, to give up, yield; <?/ upon, over + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which permission is either seriously or ironically granted to some one, to do what he proposes to do; <it>e. g.</it>, "He that is unjust, let him be unjust still."</def>

<h1>Epizeuxis</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*zeux"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a fastening together, repetition, fr. <?/ to fasten to or upon; <?/ upon + <?/ to join, yoke.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which a word is repeated with vehemence or emphasis, as in the following lines: -</def>

<blockquote><b>Alone</b>, <b>alone</b>, <b>all all alone</b>,
<b>Alone</b> on a <b>wide wide</b> sea.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Epozoan</h1>
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<hw>Ep`o*zo"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An epizo\'94n.</def>

<h1>Epozoic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`o*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Living upon the exterior of another animal; ectozoic; -- said of external parasites.</def>

<h1>Epizo\'94n</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*zo"\'94n</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Epizoa</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ upon + <?/ animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the artificial group of invertebrates of various kinds, which live parasitically upon the exterior of other animals; an ectozo\'94n. Among them are the lice, ticks, many acari, the lerneans, or fish lice, and other crustaceans.</def>

<h1>Epizo\'94tic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`i*zo*\'94t"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82pizo\'94tique</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an epizo\'94n.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Containing fossil remains; -- said of rocks, formations, mountains, and the like.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Epizo\'94tic</b> mountains are of secondary formation.
<i>Kirwan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of the nature of a disease which attacks many animals at the same time; -- corresponding to epidemic diseases among men.</def>

<h1>Epizo\'94ty, Epizo\'94tic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ep`i*zo"\'94*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ep`i*zo*\'94t"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82pizo\'94tie</ets>.]</ety> <def>An epizo\'94tic disease; a murrain; an epidemic influenza among horses.</def>

<h1>Epoch</h1>
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<hw>Ep"och</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>epocha</ets>, Gr. <?/ check, stop, an epoch of a star, an historical epoch, fr. <?/ to hold on, check; <?/ upon + <?/ to have, hold; akin to Skr. <ets>sah</ets> to overpower, Goth. <ets>sigis</ets> victory, AS. <ets>sigor</ets>, <ets>sige</ets>, G. <ets>sieg</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82poque</ets>. See <er>Scheme</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A fixed point of time, established in history by the occurrence of some grand or remarkable event; a point of time marked by an event of great subsequent influence; <as>as, the <ex>epoch</ex> of the creation; the birth of Christ was the <ex>epoch</ex> which gave rise to the Christian era.</as></def>

<blockquote>In divers ages, . . . divers <b>epochs</b> of time were used.
<i>Usher.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Great <b>epochs</b> and crises in the kingdom of God.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The acquittal of the bishops was not the only event which makes the 30th of June, 1688, a great <b>epoch</b> in history.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Epochs</i> mark the beginning of new historical periods, and dates are often numbered from them.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A period of time, longer or shorter, remarkable for events of great subsequent influence; a memorable period; <as>as, the <ex>epoch</ex> of maritime discovery, or of the Reformation</as>.</def> "So vast an <i>epoch</i> of time."

<i>F. Harrison.</i>

<blockquote>The influence of Chaucer continued to live even during the dreary interval which separates from one another two important <b>epochs</b> of our literary history.
<i>A. W. Ward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A division of time characterized by the prevalence of similar conditions of the earth; commonly a minor division or part of a period.</def>

<blockquote>The long geological <b>epoch</b> which stored up the vast coal measures.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The date at which a planet or comet has a longitude or position.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An arbitrary fixed date, for which the elements used in computing the place of a planet, or other heavenly body, at any other date, are given; <as>as, the <ex>epoch</ex> of Mars; lunar elements for the <ex>epoch</ex> March 1st, 1860.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Era; time; date; period; age.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Epoch</er>, <er>Era</er>. We speak of the <i>era</i> of the Reformation, when we think of it as a period, during which a new order of things prevailed; so also, the <i>era</i> of good feeling, etc. Had we been thinking of the time as marked by certain great events, or as a period in which great results were effected, we should have called the times when these events happened <i>epochs</i>, and the whole period an <i>epoch</i>.</usage>

<blockquote>The capture of Constantinople is an <b>epoch</b> in the history of Mahometanism; but the flight of Mahomet is its <b>era</b>.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Epocha</h1>
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<hw>Ep"o*cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See <er>Epoch</er>.</def>

<i>J. Adams.</i>

<h1>Epochal</h1>
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<hw>Ep"o*chal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to an epoch; of the nature of an epoch.</def> "<i>Epochal</i> points."

<i>Shedd.</i>

<h1>Epode</h1>
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<hw>Ep"ode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>epodos</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, adj., singing to, sung or said after, fr. <?/ to sing to; <?/ upon, to + <?/ to sing: cf. F. <ets>\'82pode</ets>. See <er>Ode</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Poet.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The after song; the part of a lyric ode which follows the strophe and antistrophe, -- the ancient ode being divided into strophe, antistrophe, and <i>epode</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A species of lyric poem, invented by Archilochus, in which a longer verse is followed by a shorter one; <as>as, the <ex>Epodes</ex> of Horace</as>. It does not include the elegiac distich.</def>

<h1>Epodic</h1>
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<hw>E*pod"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, an epode.</def>

<h1>Eponym, Eponyme</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ep"o*nym</hw>, <hw>Ep"o*nyme</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82ponyme</ets>. See <er>Eponymous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The hypothetical individual who is assumed as the person from whom any race, city, etc., took its name; <as>as, Hellen is an <ex>eponym</ex> of the Hellenes</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A name, as of a people, country, and the like, derived from that of an individual.</def>

<h1>Eponymic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`o*nym"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Eponymous</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Tablets . . . which bear <b>eponymic</b> dates.
<i>I. Taylor (The Alphabet).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eponymist</h1>
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<hw>E*pon"y*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One from whom a race, tribe, city, or the like, took its name; an eponym.</def>

<h1>Eponymous</h1>
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<hw>E*pon"y*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ upon, to + <?/ for <?/ name.]</ety> <def>Relating to an eponym; giving one's name to a tribe, people, country, and the like.</def>

<blockquote>What becomes . . . of the Herakleid genealogy of the Spartan kings, when it is admitted that <b>eponymous</b> persons are to be canceled as fictions?
<i>Grote.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eponymy</h1>
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<hw>E*pon"y*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a surname given after some person or thing.]</ety> <def>The derivation of the name of a race, tribe, etc., from that of a fabulous hero, progenitor, etc.</def>

<h1>Epo\'94phoron</h1>
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<hw>Ep`o*\'94ph"o*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ upon + <?/ egg + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Parovarium</er>.</def>

<h1>Epopee, Epop</ia</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ep"o*pee`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ep`o*p<?/"ia</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82pop\'82e</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ song + <?/ to make. See <er>Epos</er>.]</ety> <def>An epic poem; epic poetry.</def>

<h1>Epopt</h1>
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<hw>Ep"opt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ one initiated into the Eleusinian mysteries.]</ety> <def>One instructed in the mysteries of a secret system.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Epos</h1>
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<hw>Ep"os</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>An epic.</def>

<h1>Epotation</h1>
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<hw>Ep`o*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>epotare</ets>, <ets>epotatum</ets>, to drink; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>potare</ets> to drink.]</ety> <def>A drinking up; a quaffing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1></prouvette</h1>
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<hw><?/`prou`vette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for testing or proving the strength of gunpowder.</def>

<h1>Epsomite</h1>
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<hw>Ep"som*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Native sulphate of magnesia or Epsom salt.</def>

<h1>Epsom salts &or; salt</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ep"som salts`</hw> &or; <hw>salt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Sulphate of magnesia having cathartic qualities; -- originally prepared by boiling down the mineral waters at <i>Epsom</i>, England, -- whence the name; afterwards prepared from sea water; but now from certain minerals, as from siliceous hydrate of magnesia.</def>

<hr>
<page="504">
Page 504<p>

<h1>Epulary</h1>
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<hw>Ep"u*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>epularis</ets>, fr. <ets>epulum</ets> a feast: cf. F. <ets>\'82pulaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a feast or banquet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Epulation</h1>
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<hw>Ep`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>epulatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A feasting or feast; banquet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Epulis</h1>
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<hw>E*pu"lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a gumboil; Gr. <?/ upon + <?/ gums.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A hard tumor developed from the gums.</def>

<h1>Epulose</h1>
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<hw>Ep"u*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>epulum</ets> a feast.]</ety> <def>Feasting to excess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Epulosity</h1>
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<hw>Ep`u*los"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A feasting to excess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Epulotic</h1>
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<hw>Ep`u*lot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to scar over or heal; <?/ upon, over + <?/ whole.]</ety> <def>Promoting the skinning over or healing of sores; <as>as, an <ex>epulotic</ex> ointment</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An epulotic agent.</def></def2>

<h1>Epuration</h1>
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<hw>Ep`u*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>e</ets> out, quite + <ets>purare</ets> to purify, <ets>purus</ets> pure.]</ety> <def>Purification.</def>

<h1></pure</h1>
<Xpage=504>

<hw><?/`pure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A draught or model from which to build; especially, one of the full size of the work to be done; a detailed drawing.</def>

<h1>Equability</h1>
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<hw>E`qua*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequabilitas</ets>, fr. <ets>aequabilis</ets>. See <er>Equable</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or condition of being equable; evenness or uniformity; <as>as, <ex>equability</ex> of temperature; the <ex>equability</ex> of the mind.</as></def>

<blockquote>For the celestial bodies, the <b>equability</b> and constancy of their motions argue them ordained by wisdom.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Equable</h1>
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<hw>E"qua*ble</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>aequare</ets> to make level or equal, fr. <ets>aequus</ets> even, equal. See <er>Equal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Equal and uniform; continuing the same at different times; -- said of motion, and the like; uniform in surface; smooth; <as>as, an <ex>equable</ex> plain or globe</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Uniform in action or intensity; not variable or changing; -- said of the feelings or temper.</def>

<h1>Equableness</h1>
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<hw>E"qua*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality or state of being equable.</def>

<h1>Equably</h1>
<Xpage=504>

<hw>E"qua*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an equable manner.</def>

<h1>Equal</h1>
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<hw>E"qual</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequalis</ets>, fr. <ets>aequus</ets> even, equal; akin to Skr. <ets><?/ka</ets>, and perh. to L. <ets>unus</ets> for older <ets>oinos</ets> one, E. <ets>one</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Agreeing in quantity, size, quality, degree, value, etc.; having the same magnitude, the same value, the same degree, etc.; -- applied to number, degree, quantity, and intensity, and to any subject which admits of them; neither inferior nor superior, greater nor less, better nor worse; corresponding; alike; <as>as, <ex>equal</ex> quantities of land, water, etc.</as> ; houses of <i>equal</i> size; persons of <i>equal</i> stature or talents; commodities of <i>equal</i> value.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bearing a suitable relation; of just proportion; having competent power, abilities, or means; adequate; <as>as, he is not <ex>equal</ex> to the task</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The Scots trusted not their own numbers as <b>equal</b> to fight with the English.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is not permitted to me to make my commendations <b>equal</b> to your merit.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whose voice an <b>equal</b> messenger
Conveyed thy meaning mild.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not variable; equable; uniform; even; <as>as, an <ex>equal</ex> movement</as>.</def> "An <i>equal</i> temper."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Evenly balanced; not unduly inclining to either side; characterized by fairness; unbiased; impartial; equitable; just.</def>

<blockquote>Are not my ways <b>equal</b>?
<i>Ezek. xviii. 29.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thee, O Jove, no <b>equal</b> judge I deem.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor think it <b>equal</b> to answer deliberate reason with sudden heat and noise.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Of the same interest or concern; indifferent.</def>

<blockquote>They who are not disposed to receive them may let them alone or reject them; it is <b>equal</b> to me.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Intended for voices of one kind only, either all male or all female; -- opposed to <i>mixed</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Exactly agreeing with respect to quantity.</def>

<cs><col>Equal temperament</col>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Temperament</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Even; equable; uniform; adequate; proportionate; commensurate; fair; just; equitable.</syn>

<h1>Equal</h1>
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<hw>E"qual</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One not inferior or superior to another; one having the same or a similar age, rank, station, office, talents, strength, or other quality or condition; an equal quantity or number; <as>as, "If <ex>equals</ex> be taken from <ex>equals</ex> the remainders are equal</as>."</def>

<blockquote>Those who were once his <b>equals</b> envy and defame him.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>State of being equal; equality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Equal</h1>
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<hw>E"qual</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Equaled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Equalled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Equaling</er> or <er>Equalling</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To be or become equal to; to have the same quantity, the same value, the same degree or rank, or the like, with; to be commen<?/urate with.</def>

<blockquote>On me whose all not <b>equals</b> Edward's moiety.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make equal return to; to recompense fully.</def>

<blockquote>Who answered all her cares, and <b>equaled</b> all her love.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make equal or equal to; to equalize; hence, to compare or regard as equals; to put on equality.</def>

<blockquote>He would not <b>equal</b> the mind that he found in himself to the infinite and incomprehensible.
<i>Berkeley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Equalitarian</h1>
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<hw>E*qual`i*ta"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes in equalizing the condition of men; a leveler.</def>

<h1>Equality</h1>
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<hw>E*qual"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Equalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>aequalitas</ets>, fr. <ets>aequalis</ets> equal. See <er>Equal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition or quality of being equal; agreement in quantity or degree as compared; likeness in bulk, value, rank, properties, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>equality</ex> of two bodies in length or thickness; an <ex>equality</ex> of rights.</as></def>

<blockquote>A footing of <b>equality</b> with nobles.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sameness in state or continued course; evenness; uniformity; <as>as, an <ex>equality</ex> of temper or constitution</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Evenness; uniformity; <as>as, an <ex>equality</ex> of surface</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Exact agreement between two expressions or magnitudes with respect to quantity; -- denoted by the symbol =; thus, <mathex>a = x</mathex> signifies that <it>a</it> contains the same number and kind of units of measure that <it>x</it> does.</def>

<cs><col>Confessional equality</col>. <cd>See under <er>Confessional</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Equalization</h1>
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<hw>E`qual*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of equalizing, or state of being equalized.</def>

<blockquote>Their <b>equalization</b> with the rest of their fellow subjects.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Equalize</h1>
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<hw>E"qual*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Equalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Equalizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82galiser</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make equal; to cause to correspond, or be like, in amount or degree as compared; <as>as, to <ex>equalize</ex> accounts, burdens, or taxes</as>.</def>

<blockquote>One poor moment can suffice
To <b>equalize</b> the lofty and the low.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No system of instruction will completely <b>equalize</b> natural powers.
<i>Whately.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pronounce equal; to compare as equal.</def>

<blockquote>Which we <b>equalize</b>, and perhaps would willingly prefer to the Iliad.
<i>Orrery.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be equal to; equal; to match.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It could not <b>equalize</b> the hundredth part
Of what her eyes have kindled in my heart.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Equalizing bar</col> <fld>(Railroad Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a lever connecting two axle boxes, or two springs in a car truck or locomotive, to equalize the pressure on the axles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Equalizer</h1>
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<hw>E"qual*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, equalizes anything.</def>

<h1>Equally</h1>
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<hw>E"qual*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an equal manner or degree in equal shares or proportion; with equal and impartial justice; without difference; alike; evenly; justly; <as>as, <ex>equally</ex> taxed, furnished, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Equalness</h1>
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<hw>E"qual*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Equality; evenness.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Equangular</h1>
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<hw>E*quan"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Equiangular</er>.]</ety> <def>Having equal angles; equiangular.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Equanimity</h1>
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<hw>E`qua*nim"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequanimitas</ets>, fr. <ets>aequanimus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82quanimit\'82</ets>. See <er>Equanimous</er>.]</ety> <def>Evenness of mind; that calm temper or firmness of mind which is not easily elated or depressed; patience; calmness; composure; <as>as, to bear misfortunes with <ex>equanimity</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Equanimous</h1>
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<hw>E*quan"i*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequanimus</ets>, fr. <ets>aequus</ets> equal + <ets>animus</ets> mind.]</ety> <def>Of an even, composed frame of mind; of a steady temper; not easily elated or depressed.</def>

<i>Bp. Gauden.</i>

<h1>Equant</h1>
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<hw>E"quant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>aequare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82quant</ets>. See <er>Equate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Ptolemaic Astron.)</fld> <def>A circle around whose circumference a planet or the center of ann epicycle was conceived to move uniformly; -- called also <altname>eccentric equator</altname>.</def>

<h1>Equate</h1>
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<hw>E*quate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Equated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Equating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>aequatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aequare</ets> to make level or equal, fr. <ets>aequus</ets> level, equal. See <er>Equal</er>.]</ety> <def>To make equal; to reduce to an average; to make such an allowance or correction in as will reduce to a common standard of comparison; to reduce to mean time or motion; <as>as, to <ex>equate</ex> payments; to <ex>equate</ex> lines of railroad for grades or curves; <ex>equated</ex> distances.</as></def>

<blockquote>Palgrave gives both scrolle and scrowe and <b>equates</b> both to F[rench] rolle.
<i>Skeat (Etymol. Dict. ).</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Equating for grades</col> <fld>(Railroad Engin.)</fld>, <cd>adding to the measured distance one mile for each twenty feet of ascent.</cd> -- <col>Equating for curves</col>, <cd>adding half a mile for each 360 degrees of curvature.</cd></cs>

<h1>Equation</h1>
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<hw>E*qua"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequatio</ets> an equalizing: cf. F. <ets>\'82quation</ets> equation. See <er>Equate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A making equal; equal division; equality; equilibrium.</def>

<blockquote>Again the golden day resumed its right,
And ruled in just <b>equation</b> with the night.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An expression of the condition of equality between two algebraic quantities or sets of quantities, the sign = being placed between them; <as>as, a binomial <ex>equation</ex>; a quadratic <ex>equation</ex>; an algebraic <ex>equation</ex>; a transcendental <ex>equation</ex>; an exponential <ex>equation</ex>; a logarithmic <ex>equation</ex>; a differential <ex>equation</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A quantity to be applied in computing the mean place or other element of a celestial body; that is, any one of the several quantities to be added to, or taken from, its position as calculated on the hypothesis of a mean uniform motion, in order to find its true position as resulting from its actual and unequal motion.</def>

<cs><col>Absolute equation</col>. <cd>See under <er>Absolute</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Equation box</col>, &or; <col>Equational box</col></mcol>, <cd>a system of differential gearing used in spinning machines for regulating the twist of the yarn. It resembles gearing used in equation clocks for showing apparent time.</cd> -- <col>Equation of the center</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the difference between the place of a planet as supposed to move uniformly in a circle, and its place as moving in an ellipse.</cd> -- <col>Equations of condition</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>equations formed for deducing the true values of certain quantities from others on which they depend, when different sets of the latter, as given by observation, would yield different values of the quantities sought, and the number of equations that may be found is greater than the number of unknown quantities.</cd> -- <col>Equation of a curve</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>an equation which expresses the relation between the co\'94rdinates of every point in the curve.</cd> -- <col>Equation of equinoxes</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the difference between the mean and apparent places of the equinox.</cd> -- <col>Equation of payments</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>the process of finding the mean time of payment of several sums due at different times.</cd> -- <col>Equation of time</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the difference between mean and apparent time, or between the time of day indicated by the sun, and that by a perfect clock going uniformly all the year round.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Equation</col> <col>clock &or; watch</col></mcol>, <cd>a timepiece made to exhibit the differences between mean solar and apparent solar time. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Normal equation</col>. <cd>See under <er>Normal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Personal equation</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the difference between an observed result and the true qualities or peculiarities in the observer; particularly the difference, in an average of a large number of observation, between the instant when an observer notes a phenomenon, as the transit of a star, and the assumed instant of its actual occurrence; or, relatively, the difference between these instants as noted by two observers. It is usually only a fraction of a second; -- sometimes applied loosely to differences of judgment or method occasioned by temperamental qualities of individuals.</cd> -- <col>Theory of equations</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the branch of algebra that treats of the properties of a single algebraic equation of any degree containing one unknown quantity.</cd></cs>

<h1>Equator</h1>
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<hw>E*qua"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequator</ets> one who equalizes: cf. F. <ets>\'82quateur</ets> equator. See <er>Equate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>The imaginary great circle on the earth's surface, everywhere equally distant from the two poles, and dividing the earth's surface into two hemispheres.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The great circle of the celestial sphere, coincident with the plane of the earth's equator; -- so called because when the sun is in it, the days and nights are of equal length; hence called also the <altname>equinoctial</altname>, and on maps, globes, etc., the <altname>equinoctial line</altname>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Equator</col> <col>of the sun &or; of a planet</col></mcol> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the great circle whose plane passes through through the center of the body, and is perpendicular to its axis of revolution.</cd> -- <col>Magnetic equator</col>. <cd>See <er>Aclinic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Equatorial</h1>
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<hw>E`qua*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82quatorial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the equator; <as>as, <ex>equatorial</ex> climates</as>; also, pertaining to an equatorial instrument.</def>

<h1>Equatorial</h1>
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<hw>E`qua*to"ri*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An instrument consisting of a telescope so mounted as to have two axes of motion at right angles to each other, one of them parallel to the axis of the earth, and each carrying a graduated circle, the one for measuring declination, and the other right ascension, or the hour angle, so that the telescope may be directed, even in the daytime, to any star or other object whose right ascension and declination are known. The motion in right ascension is sometimes communicated by clockwork, so as to keep the object constantly in the field of the telescope. Called also an <altname>equatorial telescope</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The term <i>equatorial</i>, or <i>equatorial instrument</i>, is sometimes applied to any astronomical instrument which has its principal axis of rotation parallel to the axis of the earth.</note>
<-- contrasted with altazimuthal movement of a telescope. -->

<h1>Equatorially</h1>
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<hw>E`qua*to"ri*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to have motion or direction parallel to the equator.</def>

<h1>Equerry</h1>
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<hw>Eq"uer*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Equerries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>\'82curie</ets> stable, for older <ets>escurie</ets>, <ets>escuirie</ets> (confused somewhat with F. <ets>\'82cuyer</ets>, OF. <ets>escuyer</ets>, squire), LL. <ets>scuria</ets>, OHG. <ets>skiura</ets>, <ets>sc<?/ra</ets>, barn, shed, G. <ets>scheuer</ets>, from a root meaning <ets>to cover</ets>, <ets>protect</ets>, and akin to L. <ets>scutum</ets> shield. See <er>Esquire</er>, and cf. <er>Ecurie</er>, <er>Querry</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A large stable or lodge for horses.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An officer of princes or nobles, charged with the care of their horses.</def>

<note>&hand; In England <i>equerries</i> are officers of the royal household in the department of the Master of the Horse.</note>

<h1>Equery</h1>
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<hw>Eq"ue*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Equerry</er>.</def>

<h1>Equestrian</h1>
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<hw>E*ques"tri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>equester</ets>, from <ets>eques</ets> horseman, fr. <ets>equus</ets> horse: cf. F. <ets>\'82questre</ets>. See <er>Equine</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to horses or horsemen, or to horsemanship; <as>as, <ex>equestrian</ex> feats, or games</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Being or riding on horseback; mounted; <as>as, an <ex>equestrian</ex> statue</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>equestrian</b> lady appeared upon the plains.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Belonging to, or composed of, the ancient Roman <i>equities</i> or knights; <as>as, the <ex>equestrian</ex> order</as>.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Equestrian</h1>
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<hw>E*ques"tri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rides on horseback; a horseman; a rider.</def>

<h1>Equestrianism</h1>
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<hw>E*ques"tri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of riding on horseback; performance on horseback; horsemanship; <as>as, feats <ex>equestrianism</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Equestrienne</h1>
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<hw>E*ques"tri*enne`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formed after analogy of the French language.]</ety> <def>A woman skilled in equestrianism; a horsewoman.</def>

<h1>Equi-</h1>
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<hw>E"qui-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>aequus</ets> equal. See <er>Equal</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix, meaning <i>equally</i>; <as>as, <ex>equi</ex>distant; <ex>equi</ex>angular.</as></def>

<h1>Equiangled</h1>
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<hw>E"qui*an`gled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + <ets>angle</ets>.]</ety> <def>Equiangular.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Equiangular</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*an"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + <ets>angular</ets>. Cf. <er>Equangular</er>.]</ety> <def>Having equal angles; <as>as, an <ex>equiangular</ex> figure; a square is <ex>equiangular</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>Equiangular spiral</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Spiral</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Mutually equiangular</col>, <cd>applied to two figures, when every angle of the one has its equal among the angles of the other.</cd></cs>

<h1>Equibalance</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*bal"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + <ets>balance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Equal weight; equiponderance.</def>

<h1>Equibalance</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*bal"ance</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Equibalanced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Equibalancing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make of equal weight; to balance equally; to counterbalance; to equiponderate.</def>

<h1>Equicrescent</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*cres"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + <ets>crescent</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Increasing by equal increments; <as>as, an <ex>equicrescent</ex> variable</as>.</def>

<h1>Equicrural</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*cru"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequicrurius</ets>; <ets>aequus</ets> equal + <ets>crus</ets>, <ets>cruris</ets>, leg.]</ety> <def>Having equal legs or sides; isosceles.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Equicrural</i> triangles."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Equicrure</h1>
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<hw>E"qui*crure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Equicrural.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Equidifferent</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*dif"fer*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + <ets>different</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82quidiff\'82rent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having equal differences; <as>as, the terms of arithmetical progression are <ex>equidifferent</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Equidistance</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*dis"tance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Equal distance.</def>

<h1>Equidistant</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*dis"tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequidistans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>; <ets>aequus</ets> equal + <ets>distans</ets> distant: cf. F. <ets>\'82quidistant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Being at an equal distance from the same point or thing.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>E`qui*dis"tant*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Equidiurnal</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*di*ur"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + <ets>diurnal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the time of equal day and night; -- applied to the equinoctial line.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Equiform</h1>
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<hw>E"qui*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequiformis</ets>; <ets>aequus</ets> equal + <ets>forma</ets> form.]</ety> <def>Having the same form; uniform.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>E`qui*for"mi*ty</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Equilateral</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*lat"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequilateralis</ets>; <ets>aequus</ets> equal + <ets>latus</ets>, <ets>lateris</ets>, side: cf. F. <ets>\'82quilat\'82ral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having all the sides equal; <as>as, an <ex>equilateral</ex> triangle; an <ex>equilateral</ex> polygon.</as></def>

<cs><col>Equilateral hyperbola</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>one whose axes are equal.</cd> -- <col>Equilateral shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one in which a transverse line drawn through the apex of the umbo bisects the valve, or divides it into two equal and symmetrical parts.</cd> -- <col>Mutually equilateral</col>, <cd>applied to two figures, when every side of the one has its equal among the sides of the other.</cd></cs>

<h1>Equilateral</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*lat"er*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A side exactly corresponding, or equal, to others; also, a figure of equal sides.</def>

<h1>Equilibrate</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*li"brate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Equilibrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Equilibrating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>aequilibratus</ets> in equilibrium; <ets>aequus</ets> equal + <ets>libra</ets> balance. See <er>Equilibrium</er>.]</ety> <def>To balance two scales, sides, or ends; to keep even with equal weight on each side; to keep in equipoise.</def>

<i>H. Spenser.</i>

<i>\'3c-- p. 505 --\'3e</i>

<h1>Equilibration</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*li*bra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of keeping a balance, or state of being balanced; equipoise.</def>

<blockquote>In . . . running, leaping, and dancing, nature's laws of <b>equilibration</b> are observed.
<i>J. Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The process by which animal and vegetable organisms preserve a physiological balance.</def>

<i>H. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Equilibrious</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*lib"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Evenly poised; balanced.</def> <i>Dr. H. More</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>E`qui*lib"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Equilibrist</h1>
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<hw>E*quil"i*brist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who balances himself in unnatural positions and hazardous movements; a balancer.</def>

<blockquote>When the <b>equilibrist</b> balances a rod upon his finger.
<i>Stewart.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Equilibrity</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*lib"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequilibritas</ets> equal distribution. See <er>Equilibrium</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being balanced; equality of weight.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Gregory.</i>

<h1>Equilibrium</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*lib"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Equilibriums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Equilibria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>aequilibrium</ets>, fr. <ets>aequilibris</ets> in equilibrium, level; <ets>aequus</ets> equal + <ets>libra</ets> balance. See <er>Equal</er>, and <er>Librate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Equality of weight or force; an equipoise or a state of rest produced by the mutual counteraction of two or more forces.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A level position; a just poise or balance in respect to an object, so that it remains firm; equipoise; <as>as, to preserve the <ex>equilibrium</ex> of the body</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Health consists in the <b>equilibrium</b> between those two powers.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A balancing of the mind between motives or reasons, with consequent indecision and doubt.</def>

<cs><col>Equilibrium valve</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>a balanced valve. See under <er>Valve</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Equimomental</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*mo*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + <ets>momental</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Having equal moments of inertia.</def>

<note>&hand; Two bodies or systems of bodies are said to be   <i>equimomental</i> when their moments of inertia about all straight lines are equal each to each.</note>

<cs><col>Equimomental cone of a given rigid body</col>, <cd>a conical surface that has any given vertex, and is described by a straight line which moves in such manner that the moment of inertia of the given rigid body about the line is in all its positions the same.</cd></cs>

<h1>Equimultiple</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*mul"ti*ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + <ets>multiple</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82quimultiple</ets>.]</ety> <def>Multiplied by the same number or quantity.</def>

<h1>Equimultiple</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*mul"ti*ple</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>One of the products arising from the multiplication of two or more quantities by the same number or quantity. Thus, seven times 2, or  14, and seven times 4, or 28, are <i>equimultiples</i> of 2 and 4.</def>

<h1>Equinal</h1>
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<hw>E*qui"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Equine</er>.</def> "An <i>equinal</i> shape."

<i>Heywood.</i>

<h1>Equine</h1>
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<hw>E"quine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>equinus</ets>, fr. <ets>equus</ets> horse; akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>a<?/va</ets>, OS. <ets>ehu</ets>, AS. <ets>eh</ets>, <ets>eoh</ets>, Icel. <ets>j<?/r</ets>, OIr. <ets>ech</ets>, cf. Skr. <ets>a<?/</ets> to reach, overtake, perh. akin to E. <ets>acute</ets>, <ets>edge</ets>, <ets>eager</ets>, <tt>a.</tt> Cf. <er>Hippopotamus</er>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a horse.</def>

<blockquote>The shoulders, body, things, and mane are <b>equine</b>; the head completely bovine.
<i>Sir J. Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Equinia</h1>
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<hw>E*quin"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Equine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Glanders.</def>

<h1>Equinoctial</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*noc"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequinoctials</ets>, fr. <ets>aequinoctium</ets> equinox: cf. F. <ets>\'82quinoxial</ets>. See <er>Equinox</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to an equinox, or the equinoxes, or to the time of equal day and night; <as>as, the <ex>equinoctial</ex> line</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to the regions or climate of the equinoctial line or equator; in or near that line; <as>as, <ex>equinoctial</ex> heat; an <ex>equinoctial</ex> sun.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pertaining to the time when the sun enters the equinoctial points; <as>as, an <ex>equinoctial</ex> gale or storm, that is, one happening at or near the time of the equinox, in any part of the world</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Equinoctial colure</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the meridian passing through the <i>equinoctial<i> points.</cd> -- <col>Equinoctial line</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the celestial equator; -- so called because when the sun is on it, the nights and days are of equal length in all parts of the world. See <er>Equator</er>.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Thrice the <b>equinoctial line</b>
He circled.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>- Equinoctial points</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the two points where the celestial and ecliptic intersect each other; the one being in the first point of Aries, the other in the first point of Libra.</cd> -- <col>Equinoctial time</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>reckoned in any year from the instant when the mean sun is at the mean vernal equinoctial point.</cd></cs>

<h1>Equinoctial</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*noc"tial</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The equinoctial line.</def>

<h1>Equinoctially</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*noc"tial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Towards the equinox.</def>

<h1>Equinox</h1>
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<hw>E"qui*nox</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>equinoxium</ets>, <ets>equenoxium</ets>, L. <ets>aequinoctium</ets>; <ets>aequus</ets> equal + <ets>nox</ets>, <ets>noctis</ets>, night: cf. F. <ets>\'82quinoxe</ets>. See <er>Equal</er>, and <er>Night</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The time when the sun enters one of the equinoctial points, that is, about March 21 and September 22. See <cref>Autumnal equinox</cref>, <cref>Vernal equinox</cref>, under <er>Autumnal</er> and <er>Vernal</er>.</def>

<blockquote>When descends on the Atlantic
The gigantic
Stormwind of the <b>equinox</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Equinoctial wind or storm.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Equinumerant</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*nu"mer*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + L. <ets>numerans</ets>, p. pr.  of <ets>numerare</ets> to number.]</ety> <def>Equal as to number.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Equip</h1>
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<hw>E*quip"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Equipped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Equipping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82quiper</ets> to supply, fit out, orig. said of a ship, OF. <ets>esquiper</ets> to embark; of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>scif</ets>, G. <ets>schiff</ets>, Icel. <ets>skip</ets>, AS. <ets>scip</ets>. See <er>Ship</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish for service, or against a need or exigency; to fit out; to supply with whatever is necessary to efficient action in any way; to provide with arms or an armament, stores, munitions, rigging, etc.; -- said esp. of ships and of troops.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Gave orders for <b>equipping</b> a considerable fleet.
<i>Ludlow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dress up; to array; accouter.</def>

<blockquote>The country are led astray in following the town, and <b>equipped</b> in a ridiculous habit, when they fancy themselves in the height of the mode.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Equipage</h1>
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<hw>Eq"ui*page</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82quipage</ets>, fr. <ets>\'82quiper</ets>. See <er>Equip</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Furniture or outfit, whether useful or ornamental; especially, the furniture and supplies of a vessel, fitting her for a voyage or for warlike purposes, or the furniture and necessaries of an army, a body of troops, or a single soldier, including whatever is necessary for efficient service; equipments; accouterments; habiliments; attire.</def>

<blockquote>Did their exercises on horseback with noble <b>equipage</b>.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>First strip off all her <b>equipage</b> of Pride.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Retinue; train; suite.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A carriage of state or of pleasure with all that accompanies it, as horses, liveried servants, etc., a showy turn-out.</def>

<blockquote>The rumbling <b>equipages</b> of fashion . . . were unknown in the settlement of New Amsterdam.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Equipaged</h1>
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<hw>Eq"ui*paged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with equipage.</def>

<blockquote>Well dressed, well bred.
Well <b>equipaged</b>, is ticket good enough.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Equiparable</h1>
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<hw>E*quip"a*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequiparabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Comparable.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<h1>Equiparate</h1>
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<hw>E*quip"a*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequiparatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aequiparare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To compare.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Equipedal</h1>
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<hw>E*quip"e*dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + L. <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Equal-footed; having the pairs of feet equal.</def>

<h1>Equipendency</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*pend"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + <ets>pendency</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or condition of hanging in equipoise; not inclined or determined either way.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Equipensate</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*pen"sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + <ets>pensatus</ets>, p. p. of pensare to weigh. Cf. <er>Equipoise</er>.]</ety> <def>To weigh equally; to esteem alike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Equipment</h1>
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<hw>E*quip"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82quipement</ets>. See <er>Equip</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of equipping, or the state of being equipped, as for a voyage or expedition.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>equipment</b> of the fleet was hastened by De Witt.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Whatever is used in equipping; necessaries for an expedition or voyage; the collective designation for the articles comprising an outfit; equipage; <as>as, a railroad <ex>equipment</ex> (locomotives, cars, etc.</as> ; for carrying on business); horse <i>equipments</i>; infantry <i>equipments</i>; naval <i>equipments</i>; laboratory <i>equipments</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Armed and dight,
In the <b>equipments</b> of a knight.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Equipoise</h1>
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<hw>E"qui*poise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + <ets>poise</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Equality of weight or force; hence, equilibrium; a state in which the two ends or sides of a thing are balanced, and hence equal; state of being equally balanced; -- said of moral, political, or social interests or forces.</def>

<blockquote>The means of preserving the <b>equipoise</b> and the tranquillity of the commonwealth.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our little lives are kept in <b>equipoise</b>
By opposite attractions and desires.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Counterpoise.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>equipoise</b> to the clergy being removed.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Equipollence, Equipollency</h1>
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<hw><hw>E`qui*pol"lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E`qui*pol"len*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82quipollence</ets>. See <er>Equipollent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Equality of power, force, signification, or application.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Sameness of signification of two or more propositions which differ in language.</def>

<h1>Equipollent</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*pol"lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequipollens</ets>; <ets>aequus</ets> equal + <ets>pollens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>pollere</ets> to be strong, able: cf. F. <ets>\'82quipollent</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having equal power or force; equivalent.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Having equivalent signification and reach; expressing the same thing, but differently.</def>

<h1>Equipollently</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*pol"lent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With equal power.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Equiponderance, Equiponderancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>E`qui*pon"der*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E`qui*pon"der*an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + <ets>ponderance</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82quipond\'82rance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Equality of weight; equipoise.</def>

<h1>Equiponderant</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*pon"der*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82quipond\'82rant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Being of the same weight.</def>

<blockquote>A column of air . . . <b>equiponderant</b> to a column of quicksilver.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Equiponderate</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*pon"der*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + L. <ets>ponderare</ets> to weigh. See <er>Ponderate</er>.]</ety> <def>To be equal in weight; to weigh as much as another thing.</def>

<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i>

<h1>Equiponderate</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*pon"der*ate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make equal in weight; to counterbalance.</def> "More than <i>equiponderated</i> the declension in that direction."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Equiponderous</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*pon"der*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + L. <ets>pondus</ets>, <ets>ponderis</ets>, weight.]</ety> <def>Having equal weight.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Equipondious</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*pon"di*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequipondium</ets> an equal weight; <ets>aequus</ets> equal + <ets>pondus</ets> weight.]</ety> <def>Of equal weight on both sides; balanced.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Equipotential</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*po*ten"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + <ets>potential</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mech. & Physics)</fld> <def>Having the same potential.</def>

<cs><col>Equipotential surface</col>, <cd>a surface for which the potential is for all points of the surface constant. Level surfaces on the earth are <i>equipotential<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Equiradical</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*rad"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + <ets>radical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Equally radical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Equirotal</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*ro"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + L. <ets>rota</ets> wheel.]</ety> <def>Having wheels of the same size or diameter; having equal rotation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Equisetaceous</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*se*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the <i>Equisetace\'91</i>, or Horsetail family.</def>

<h1>Equisetiform</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*set"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equisetum-</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the form of the equisetum.</def>

<h1>Equisetum</h1>
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<hw>Eq`ui*se"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Equiseta</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., the horsetail, fr. <ets>equus</ets> horse + <ets>seta</ets> a thick,, stiff hair, bristle.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of vascular, cryptogamic, herbaceous plants; -- also called <altname>horsetails</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The <spn>Equiseta</spn> have hollow jointed stems and no true leaves. The cuticle often contains siliceous granules, so that one species (<spn>E. hyemale</spn>) is used for scouring and polishing, under the name of <i>Dutch rush</i> or <i>scouring rush</i>.</note>

<h1>Equisonance</h1>
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<hw>E*quis"o*nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + L. <ets>sonans</ets>, p. pr. of sonare to sound: cf. F. \'82quisonnance. See <er>Sonant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An equal sounding; the consonance of the unison and its octaves.</def>

<h1>Equisonant</h1>
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<hw>E*quis"o*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the same or like sound.</def>

<h1>Equitable</h1>
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<hw>Eq"ui*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82quitable</ets>, from <ets>\'82quit\'82</ets>. See <er>Equity</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessing or exhibiting equity; according to natural right or natural justice; marked by a due consideration for what is fair, unbiased, or impartial; just; as an <i>equitable</i> decision; an <i>equitable</i> distribution of an estate; <i>equitable</i> men.</def>

<blockquote>No two . . . had exactly the same notion of what was <b>equitable</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>That can be sustained or made available or effective in a court of equity, or upon principles of equity jurisprudence; <as>as, an <ex>equitable</ex> estate; <ex>equitable</ex> assets, assignment, mortgage, etc.</as></def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Just; fair; reasonable; right; honest; impartial; candid; upright.</syn>

<h1>Equitableness</h1>
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<hw>Eq"ui*ta*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being equitable, just, or impartial; <as>as, the <ex>equitableness</ex> of a judge, a decision, or distribution of property</as>.</def>

<h1>Equitably</h1>
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<hw>Eq"ui*ta*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an equitable manner; justly; <as>as, the laws should be <ex>equitably</ex> administered</as>.</def>

<h1>Equitancy</h1>
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<hw>Eq"ui*tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>equitantia</ets>. See <er>Equitant</er>.]</ety> <def>Horsemanship.</def>

<h1>Equitant</h1>
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<hw>Eq"ui*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>equitans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>equitare</ets> to ride, fr. <ets>eques</ets> horseman, fr. <ets>equus</ets> horse.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Mounted on, or sitting upon, a horse; riding on horseback.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Overlapping each other; -- said of leaves whose bases are folded so as to overlap and bestride the leaves within or above them, as in the iris.</def>

<h1>Equitation</h1>
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<hw>Eq`ui*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>equitatio</ets>, fr. <ets>equitare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82quitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A riding, or the act of riding, on horseback; horsemanship.</def>

<blockquote>The pretender to <b>equitation</b> mounted.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Equitemporaneous</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*tem`po*ra"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequus</ets> equal + <ets>tempus</ets>, <ets>temporis</ets>, time.]</ety> <def>Contemporaneous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Equites</h1>
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<hw>Eq"ui*tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n. pl</tt> <ety>[L., pl. of <ets>eques</ets> a horseman.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An order of knights holding a middle place between the senate and the commonalty; members of the Roman equestrian order.</def>

<h1>Equity</h1>
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<hw>Eq"ui*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Equities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>\'82quit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>aequitas</ets>, fr. <ets>aequus</ets> even, equal. See <er>Equal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Equality of rights; natural justice or right; the giving, or desiring to give, to each man his due, according to reason, and the law of God to man; fairness in determination of conflicting claims; impartiality.</def>

<blockquote>Christianity secures both the private interests of men and the public peace, enforcing all justice and <b>equity</b>.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An equitable claim; an equity of redemption; <as>as, an <ex>equity</ex> to a settlement, or wife's <ex>equity</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>I consider the wife's <b>equity</b> to be too well settled to be shaken.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A system of jurisprudence, supplemental to law, properly so called, and complemental of it.</def>

<blockquote><b>Equity</b> had been gradually shaping itself into a refined science which no human faculties could master without long and intense application.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Equitable jurisprudence in England and in the United States grew up from the inadequacy of common-law forms to secure justice in all cases; and this led to distinct courts by which equity was applied in the way of injunctions, bills of discovery, bills for specified performance, and other processes by which the merits of a case could be reached more summarily or more effectively than by common-law suits. By the recent English Judicature Act (1873), however, the English judges are bound to give effect, in common-law suits, to all equitable rights and remedies; and when the rules of equity and of common law, in any particular case, conflict, the rules of equity are to prevail. In many jurisdictions in the United States, equity and common law are thus blended; in others distinct equity tribunals are still maintained. See <er>Chancery</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Equity of redemption</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the advantage, allowed to a mortgageor, of a certain or reasonable time to redeem lands mortgaged, after they have been forfeited at law by the nonpayment of the sum of money due on the mortgage at the appointed time.</cd></cs>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Right; justice; impartiality; rectitude; fairness; honesty; uprightness. See <er>Justice</er>.</syn>

<h1>Equivalence</h1>
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<hw>E*quiv"a*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82quivalence</ets>, LL. <ets>aequivalentia</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of being equivalent or equal; equality of worth, value, signification, or force; <as>as, an <ex>equivalence</ex> of definitions</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Equal power or force; equivalent amount.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The quantity of the combining power of an atom, expressed in hydrogen units; the number of hydrogen atoms can combine with, or be exchanged for; valency. See <er>Valence</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The degree of combining power as determined by relative weight. See <er>Equivalent</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Equivalence</h1>
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<hw>E*quiv"a*lence</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To be equivalent or equal to; to counterbalance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Equivalency</h1>
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<hw>E*quiv"a*len*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Equivalence</er>.</def>

<h1>Equivalent</h1>
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<hw>E*quiv"a*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequivalens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>aequivalere</ets> to have equal power; <ets>aequus</ets> equal +  <ets>valere</ets> to be strong, be worth: cf. F. <ets>\'82quivalent</ets>. See <er>Equal</er>, and <er>Valiant</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Equal in wortir or value, force, power, effect, import, and the like; alike in significance and value; of the same import or meaning.</def>

<blockquote>For now to serve and to minister, servile and ministerial, are terms <b>equivalent</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Equal in measure but not admitting of superposition; -- applied to magnitudes; <as>as, a square may be <ex>equivalent</ex> to a triangle</as>.</def>

<hr>
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<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Contemporaneous in origin; <as>as, the <ex>equivalent</ex> strata of different countries</as>.</def>

<h1>Equivalent</h1>
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<hw>E*quiv"a*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Something equivalent; that which is equal in value, worth, weight, or force; <as>as, to offer an <ex>equivalent</ex> for damage done</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He owned that, if the Test Act were repealed, the Protestants were entitled to some <b>equivalent</b>.  . . . During some weeks the word <b>equivalent</b>, then lately imported from France, was in the mouths of all the coffeehouse.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>That comparative quantity by weight of an element which possesses the same chemical value as other elements, as determined by actual experiment and reference to the same standard. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> The comparative proportions by which one element replaces another in any particular compound; thus, as zinc replaces hydrogen in hydrochloric acid, their <i>equivalents</i> are 32.5 and 1. <sd>(b)</sd> The combining proportion by weight of a substance, or the number expressing this proportion, in any particular compound; <as>as, the <ex>equivalents</ex> of hydrogen and oxygen in water are respectively 1 and 8, and in hydric dioxide 1 and 16</as>.</def><-- = equivalent weight. -->

<note>&hand; This term was adopted by Wollaston to avoid using the conjectural expression <i>atomic weight</i>, with which, however, for a time it was practically synonymous. The attempt to limit the term to the meaning of a universally comparative combining weight failed, because of the possibility of several compounds of the substances by reason of the variation in combining power which most elements exhibit. The <i>equivalent</i> was really identical with, or a multiple of submultiple of, the atomic weight.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combining unit, whether an atom, a radical, or a molecule; <as>as, in acid salt two or more <ex>equivalents</ex> of acid unite with one or more <ex>equivalents</ex> of base</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Mechanical equivalent of heat</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the number of units of work which the unit of heat can perform; the mechanical energy which must be expended to raise the temperature of a unit weight of water from 0&deg; C. to 1&deg; C., or from 32&deg; F. to 33&deg; F. The term was introduced by Dr. Mayer of Heilbronn. Its value was found by Joule to be 1390 foot pounds upon the Centigrade, or 772 foot pounds upon the Fahrenheit, thermometric scale, whence it is often called <i>Joule's equivalent<i>, and represented by the symbol J. This is equal to 424 kilogram meters (Centigrade scale). A more recent determination by Professor Rowland gives the value 426.9 kilogram meters, for the latitude of Baltimore.</cd></cs>

<h1>Equivalent</h1>
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<hw>E*quiv"a*lent</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make the equivalent to; to equal; equivalence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Equivalently</h1>
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<hw>E*quiv"a*lent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an equal manner.</def>

<h1>Equivalue</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*val"ue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put an equal value upon; to put (something) on a par with another thing.</def>

<i>W. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Equivalve, Equivalved</h1>
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<hw><hw>E"qui*valve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E"qui*valved</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Equi-</ets> + <ets>valve</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the valves equal in size and from, as in most bivalve shells.</def>

<h1>Equivalvular</h1>
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<hw>E`qui*val"vu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Equivalve</er> or <er>Equivalved</er>.</def>

<h1>Equivocacy</h1>
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<hw>E*quiv"o*ca*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Equivocalness.</def>

<h1>Equivocal</h1>
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<hw>E*quiv"o*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aequivocus</ets>: <ets>aequus</ets> equal + <ets>vox</ets>, <ets>vocis</ets>, word. See <er>Equal</er>, and <er>Voice</er>, and cf. <er>Equivoque</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>(Literally, <i>called equally</i> one thing or the other; hence:) Having two significations equally applicable; capable of double interpretation; of doubtful meaning; ambiguous; uncertain; <as>as, <ex>equivocal</ex> words; an <ex>equivocal</ex> sentence.</as></def>

<blockquote>For the beauties of Shakespeare are not of so dim or <b>equivocal</b> a nature as to be visible only to learned eyes.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being ascribed to different motives, or of signifying opposite feelings, purposes, or characters; deserving to be suspected; <as>as, his actions are <ex>equivocal</ex></as>.</def> "<i>Equivocal</i> repentances."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Uncertain, as an indication or sign; doubtful.</def> "How <i>equivocal</i> a test."

<i>Burke.</i>

<cs><col>Equivocal chord</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a chord which can be resolved into several distinct keys; one whose intervals, being all minor thirds, do not clearly indicate its fundamental tone or root; the chord of the diminished triad, and the diminished seventh.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Ambiguous; doubtful; uncertain; indeterminate.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Equivocal</er>, <er>Ambiguous</er>. We call an expression <i>ambiguous</i> when it has one general meaning, and yet contains certain words which may be taken in two different senses; or certain clauses which can be so connected with other clauses as to divide the mind between different views of part of the meaning intended. We call an expression <i>equivocal</i> when, taken as a whole, it conveys a given thought with perfect clearness and propriety, and also another thought with equal propriety and clearness. Such were the responses often given by the Delphic oracle; as that to Cr<?/sus when consulting about a war with Persia: "If you cross the Halys, you will destroy a great empire." This he applied to the Persian empire, which lay beyond that river, and, having crossed, destroyed his own, empire in the conflict. What is <i>ambiguous</i> is a mere blunder of language; what is <i>equivocal</i> is usually intended to deceive, though it may occur at times from mere inadvertence. <i>Equivocation</i> is applied only to cases where there is a design to deceive.</usage>

<h1>Equivocal</h1>
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<hw>E*quiv"o*cal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A word or expression capable of different meanings; an ambiguous term; an equivoque.</def>

<blockquote>In languages of great ductility, <b>equivocals</b> like that just referred to are rarely found.
<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Equivocally</h1>
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<hw>E*quiv"o*cal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an equivocal manner.</def>

<h1>Equivocalness</h1>
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<hw>E*quiv"o*cal*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being equivocal.</def>

<h1>Equivocate</h1>
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<hw>E*quiv"o*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Equivocated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Equivocating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>aequivocatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aequivocari</ets> to be called by the same name, fr. L. <ets>aequivocus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82quivoquer</ets>. See <er>Equivocal</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To use words of equivocal or doubtful signification; to express one's opinions in terms which admit of different senses, with intent to deceive; to use ambiguous expressions with a view to mislead; <as>as, to <ex>equivocate</ex> is the work of duplicity</as>.</def>

<blockquote>All that Garnet had to say for him was that he supposed he meant to <b>equivocate</b>.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To prevaricate; evade; shuffle; quibble. See <er>Prevaricate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Equivocate</h1>
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<hw>E*quiv"o*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render equivocal or ambiguous.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>equivocated</b> his vow by a mental reservation.
<i>Sir G. Buck.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Equivocation</h1>
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<hw>E*quiv`o*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The use of expressions susceptible of a double signification, with a purpose to mislead.</def>

<blockquote>There being no room for <b>equivocations</b>, there is no need of distinctions.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Prevarication; ambiguity; shuffling; evasion; guibbling. See <er>Equivocal</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Prevaricate</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></syn>

<h1>Equivocator</h1>
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<hw>E*quiv"o*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who equivocates.</def>

<blockquote>Here's an <b>equivocator</b> that could swear in both the scales against either scale, yet could not equivocate to heaven.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Equivocatory</h1>
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<hw>E*quiv"o*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Indicating, or characterized by, equivocation.</def>

<h1>Equivoque, Equivoke</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eq"ui*voque</hw>, <hw>Eq"ui*voke</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82quivoque</ets>. See <er>Equivocal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An ambiguous term; a word susceptible of different significations.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An equivocation; a guibble.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Equivorous</h1>
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<hw>E*quiv"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>equus</ets> horse + <ets>vorare</ets> to eat greedily.]</ety> <def>Feeding on horseflesh; <as>as, <ex>equivorous</ex> Tartars</as>.</def>

<h1>Equus</h1>
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<hw>E"quus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., horse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of mammals, including the horse, ass, etc.</def>

<h1>-er</h1>
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<hw>-er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>.</def>

<p><b>1.</b> <ety>[AS. <ets>-ere</ets>; akin to L. <ets>-arius</ets>.]</ety> <def>The termination of many English words, denoting <i>the agent</i>; -- applied either to men or things; as in hat<i>er</i>, farm<i>er</i>, heat<i>er</i>, grat<i>er</i>. At the end of names of places, <i>-er</i> signifies <i>a man of the place</i>; <as>as, London<ex>er</ex>, <it>i. e.</it>, London <i>man</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[AS. <ets>-ra</ets>; akin to G. <ets>-er</ets>, Icel. <ets>-are</ets>, <ets>-re</ets>, Goth. <ets>-iza</ets>, <ets>-<?/za</ets>, L. <ets>-ior</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>-\'c6yas</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix used to form the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs; <as>as, warm<ex>er</ex>, soon<ex>er</ex>, lat(e)<ex>er</ex>, earl(y)i<ex>er</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Era</h1>
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<hw>E"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Eras</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>aera</ets> an era, in earlier usage, the items of an account, counters, pl. of <ets>aes</ets>, <ets>aeris</ets>, brass, money. See <er>Ore</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A fixed point of time, usually an epoch, from which a series of years is reckoned.</def>

<blockquote>The foundation of Solomon's temple is conjectured by Ideler to have been an <b>era</b>.
<i>R. S. Poole.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A period of time reckoned from some particular date or epoch; a succession of years dating from some important event; <as>as, the <ex>era</ex> of Alexander; the <ex>era</ex> of Christ, or the Christian <ex>era</ex> (see under <er>Christian</er>).</as></def>

<blockquote>The first century of our <b>era</b>.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A period of time in which a new order of things prevails; a signal stage of history; an epoch.</def>

<blockquote>Painting may truly be said to have opened the new <b>era</b> of culture.
<i>J. A. Symonds.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Epoch; time; date; period; age; dispensation. See <er>Epoch</er>.</syn>

<h1>Eradiate</h1>
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<hw>E*ra"di*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Eradiated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Eradiating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>e-</ets> + <ets>radiate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To shoot forth, as rays of light; to beam; to radiate.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Eradiation</h1>
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<hw>E*ra`di*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Emission of radiance.</def>

<h1>Eradicable</h1>
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<hw>E*rad"i*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being eradicated.</def>

<h1>Eradicate</h1>
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<hw>E*rad"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Eradicated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Eradicating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>eradicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>eradicare</ets> to eradicate; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>radicis</ets>, root. See <er>Radical</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To pluck up by the roots; to root up; <as>as, an oak tree <ex>eradicated</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To root out; to destroy utterly; to extirpate; <as>as, to <ex>eradicate</ex> diseases, or errors</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This, although now an old an inveterate evil, might be <b>eradicated</b> by vigorous treatment.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To extirpate; root out; exterminate; destroy; annihilate.</syn>

<h1>Eradication</h1>
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<hw>E*rad`i*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eradicatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82radication</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of plucking up by the roots; a rooting out; extirpation; utter destruction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being plucked up by the roots.</def>

<h1>Eradicative</h1>
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<hw>E*rad"i*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>\'82radicatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending or serving to eradicate; curing or destroying thoroughly, as a disease or any evil.</def>

<h1>Eradicative</h1>
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<hw>E*rad"i*ca*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine that effects a radical cure.</def>

<i>Whitlock.</i>

<h1>Erasable</h1>
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<hw>E*ras"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being erased.</def>

<h1>Erase</h1>
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<hw>E*rase"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Erased</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt>. <er>Erasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>erasus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>eradere</ets> to erase; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>radere</ets> to scrape, scratch, shave. See <er>Rase</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To rub or scrape out, as letters or characters written, engraved, or painted; to efface; to expunge; to cross out; <as>as, to <ex>erase</ex> a word or a name</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To obliterate; to expunge; to blot out; -- used of ideas in the mind or memory.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Erased</h1>
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<hw>E*rased"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. pr. & a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Rubbed or scraped out; effaced; obliterated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Represented with jagged and uneven edges, as is torn off; -- used esp. of the head or limb of a beast. Cf. <er>Couped</er>.</def>

<h1>Erasement</h1>
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<hw>E*rase"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of erasing; a rubbing out; expunction; obliteration.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Eraser</h1>
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<hw>E*ras"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, erases; esp., a sharp instrument or a piece of rubber used to erase writings, drawings, etc.</def>

<h1>Erasion</h1>
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<hw>E*ra"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of erasing; a rubbing out; obliteration.</def>

<h1>Erastian</h1>
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<hw>E*ras"tian</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the followers of Thomas Erastus, a German physician and theologian of the 16th century. He held that the punishment of all offenses should be referred to the civil power, and that holy communion was open to all. In the present day, an Erastian is one who would see the church placed entirely under the control of the State.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Erastianism</h1>
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<hw>E*ras"tian*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>The principles of the Erastains.</def>

<h1>Erasure</h1>
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<hw>E*ra"sure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Erase</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of erasing; a scratching out; obliteration.</def>

<h1>Erative</h1>
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<hw>Er"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the Muse Erato who presided over amatory poetry.</def>

<i>Stormonth.</i>

<h1>Erato</h1>
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<hw>Er"a*to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to love.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The Muse who presided over lyric and amatory poetry.</def>

<h1>Erbium</h1>
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<hw>Er"bi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. from Ytt<ets>erb</ets>y, in Sweden, where gadolinite is found. Cf. <er>Terbium</er>, <er>Yttrium</er>, <er>Ytterbium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare metallic element associated with several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden. Symbol Er. Atomic weight 165.9. Its salts are rose-colored and give characteristic spectra. Its sesquioxide is called <i>erbia</i>.</def>

<h1>Ercedeken</h1>
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<hw>Er`ce*de"ken</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE., fr. pref. <ets>erce- = archi-</ets> + <ets>deken</ets> a deacon.]</ety> <def>An archdeacon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Erd</h1>
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<hw>Erd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>erd</ets>, <ets>eard</ets>, earth, land, country, AS. <ets>eard</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>ard</ets> dwelling place, OHG. <ets>art</ets> plowing, tillage, Icel. <ets>\'94r&edh;</ets> crop, and to L. <ets>arare</ets> to plow, E. <ets>ear</ets> to plow.]</ety> <def>The earth.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<cs><col>Erd shrew</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common European shrew (<spn>Sorex vulgaris</spn>); the shrewmouse.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ere</h1>
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<hw>Ere</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>prep. & adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets><?/r</ets>, prep., adv., & conj.; akin to OS., OFries., & OHG. <ets><?/r</ets>, G. <ets>eher</ets>, D. <ets>eer</ets>, Icel. <ets>\'ber</ets>, Goth. <ets>air</ets>. &root;204. Cf. <er>Early</er>, <er>Erst</er>, <er>Or</er>, <ets>adv</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Before; sooner than.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Myself was stirring <b>ere</b> the break of day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Ere</b> sails were spread new oceans to explore.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sir, come down <b>ere</b> my child die.
<i>John iv. 49.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rather than.</def>

<blockquote>I will be thrown into Etna, . . . <b>ere</b> I will leave her.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ere long</col>, <cd>before, shortly. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Ere now</col>, <cd>formerly, heretofore. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Ere that</col>, &and; <col>Or are</col></mcol>. <cd>Same as <er>Ere</er>. <i>Shak</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ere</h1>
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<hw>Ere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To plow. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Ear</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Erebus</h1>
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<hw>Er"e*bus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Greek Myth.)</fld> <def>A place of nether darkness, being the gloomy space through which the souls passed to Hades. See <i>Milton's</i> "Paradise Lost," Book II., line 883.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Greek Myth.)</fld> <def>The son of Chaos and brother of <er>Nox</er>, who dwelt in Erebus.</def>

<blockquote>To the infernal deep, with <b>Erebus</b> and tortures vile.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Erect</h1>
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<hw>E*rect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>erectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>erigere</ets> to erect; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>regere</ets> to lead straight. See <er>Right</er>, and cf. <er>Alert</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Upright, or having a vertical position; not inverted; not leaning or bent; not prone; <as>as, to stand <ex>erect</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Two of far nobler shape, <b>erect</b> and tall.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Among the Greek colonies and churches of Asia, Philadelphia is still <b>erect</b> -- a column of ruins.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Directed upward; raised; uplifted.</def>

<blockquote>His piercing eyes, <b>erect</b>, appear to view
Superior worlds, and look all nature through.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Bold; confident; free from depression; undismayed.</def>

<blockquote>But who is he, by years
Bowed, but <b>erect</b> in heart?
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Watchful; alert.</def>

<blockquote>Vigilant and <b>erect</b> attention of mind.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Standing upright, with reference to the earth's surface, or to the surface to which it is attached.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Elevated, as the tips of wings, heads of serpents, etc.</def>

<h1>Erect</h1>
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<hw>E*rect"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Erected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Erecting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To raise and place in an upright or perpendicular position; to set upright; to raise; <as>as, to <ex>erect</ex> a pole, a flagstaff, a monument, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To raise, as a building; to build; to construct; <as>as, to <ex>erect</ex> a house or a fort</as>; to set up; to put together the component parts of, as of a machine.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lift up; to elevate; to exalt; to magnify.</def>

<blockquote>That didst his state above his hopes <b>erect</b>.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I, who am a party, am not to <b>erect</b> myself into a judge.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To animate; to encourage; to cheer.</def>

<blockquote>It raiseth the dropping spirit, <b>erecting</b> it to a loving complaisance.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To set up as an assertion or consequence from premises, or the like.</def> "To <i>erect</i> conclusions." <i>Sir T. Browne</i>. "Malebranche <i>erects</i> this proposition."

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To set up or establish; to found; to form; to institute.</def> "To <i>erect</i> a new commonwealth."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<cs><col>Erecting shop</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a place where large machines, as engines, are put together and adjusted.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To set up; raise; elevate; construct; build; institute; establish; found.</syn>

<h1>Erect</h1>
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<hw>E*rect"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To rise upright.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>By wet, stalks do <b>erect</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Erectable</h1>
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<hw>E*rect"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being erected; <as>as, an <ex>erectable</ex> feather</as>.</def>

<i>Col. G. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Erecter</h1>
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<hw>E*rect"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An erector; one who raises or builds.</def>

<h1>Erectile</h1>
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<hw>E*rect"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82rectile</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being erected; susceptible of being erected of dilated.</def>

<cs><col>Erectile tissue</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a tissue which is capable of being greatly dilated and made rigid by the distension of the numerous blood vessels which it contains.</cd></cs>

<h1>Erectility</h1>
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<hw>E`rec*til"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being erectile.</def>

<h1>Erection</h1>
<Xpage=506>

<hw>E*rec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>erectio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82rection</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of erecting, or raising upright; the act of constructing, as a building or a wall, or of fitting together the parts of, as a machine; the act of founding or establishing, as a commonwealth or an office; also, the act of rousing to excitement or courage.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being erected, lifted up, built, established, or founded; exaltation of feelings or purposes.</def>

<blockquote>Her peerless height my mind to high <b>erection</b> draws up.
<i>Sidney</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>State of being stretched to stiffness; tension.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything erected; a building of any kind.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The state of a part which, from having been soft, has become hard and swollen by the accumulation of blood in the erectile tissue.</def>

<-- p. 50- -->

<h1>Erective</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*rect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making erect or upright; raising; tending to erect.</def>

<h1>Erectly</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*rect"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an erect manner or posture.</def>

<h1>Erectness</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*rect"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Uprightness of posture or form.</def>

<h1>Erecto-patent</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*rec"to-pat"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a position intermediate between erect and patent, or spreading.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Standing partially spread and erect; -- said of the wings of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Erector</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*rec"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, erects.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which raises any part.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An attachment to a microscope, telescope, or other optical instrument, for making the image erect instead of inverted.</def>

<h1>Erelong</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Ere`long"</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Before the <?/apse of a long time; soon; -- usually separated, <i>ere long</i>.</def>

<blockquote>A man, . . . following the stag, <b>erelong</b> slew him.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The world, <b>erelong</b>, a world of tears must weep.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eremacausis</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er`e*ma*cau"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ quietly + <?/ burning, fr. <?/ to burn.]</ety> <def>A gradual oxidation from exposure to air and moisture, as in the decay of old trees or of dead animals.</def>

<h1>Eremitage</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"e*mit*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hermitage</er>.</def>

<h1>Eremite</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"e*mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hermit</er>.]</ety> <def>A hermit.</def>

<blockquote>Thou art my heaven, and I thy <b>eremite</b>.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eremitic, Eremitical</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw><hw>Er`e*mit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Er`e*mit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an eremite; hermitical; living in solitude.</def> "An <i>eremitical</i> life in the woods." <i>Fuller</i>. "The <i>eremitic</i> instinct."

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Eremitish</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"e*mi`tish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Eremitic.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Eremitism</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"e*mit*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of a hermit; a living in seclusion from social life.</def>

<h1>Eretation</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E`re*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>erepere</ets> to creep out; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>repere</ets> to creep.]</ety> <def>A creeping forth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ereption</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*rep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ereptio</ets>, fr. <ets>eripere</ets> to snatch away; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>rapere</ets> to snatch.]</ety> <def>A snatching away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Erethism</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"e*thism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ irritation, fr. <?/ to stir, rouse, fr. <?/ to stir: cf. F. <ets>\'82r\'82thisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid degree of excitement or irritation in an organ.</def>

<i>Hoblyn.</i>

<h1>Erethistic</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er`e*this"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ irritating.]</ety> <def>Relating to erethism.</def>

<h1>Erewhile, Erewhiles</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw><hw>Ere`while"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ere`whiles"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Some time ago; a little while before; heretofore.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>I am as fair now as I was <b>erewhile</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Erf</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Erf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Erven</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[D.]</ety> <def>A garden plot, usually about half an acre.</def> <mark>[Cape Colony]</mark>

<h1>Erg</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Erg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ work.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The unit of work or energy in the C. G. S. system, being the amount of work done by a dyne working through a distance of one centimeter; the amount of energy expended in moving a body one centimeter against a force of one dyne. One foot pound is equal to 13,560,000 ergs.</def>

<h1>Ergat</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"gat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ergo</ets> therefore.]</ety> <def>To deduce logically, as conclusions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hewyt.</i>

<h1>Ergo</h1>
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<hw>Er"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>conj. &or; adv.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Therefore; consequently; -- often used in a jocular way.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ergot</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"got</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ergot</ets>, <ets>argot</ets>, lit., a spur.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A diseased condition of rye and other cereals, in which the grains become black, and often spur-shaped. It is caused by a parasitic fungus, <spn>Claviceps purpurea</spn>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The mycelium or spawn of this fungus infecting grains of rye and wheat. It is a powerful remedial agent, and also a dangerous poison, and is used as a means of hastening childbirth, and to arrest bleeding.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A stub, like soft horn, about the size of a chestnut, situated behind and below the pastern joint.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See 2d <er>Calcar</er>, 3 <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Ergotic</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er*got"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, ergot; <as>as, <ex>ergotic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Ergotin</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"go*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An extract made from ergot.</def>

<h1>Ergotine</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"go*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A powerful astringent alkaloid extracted from ergot as a brown, amorphous, bitter substance. It is used to produce contraction of the uterus.</def>

<h1>Ergotism</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"go*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ergotisme</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ergo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A logical deduction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Ergotism</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"got*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Ergot</er>, <tt>n.</tt>; cf. F. <ets>ergotisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A diseased condition produced by eating rye affected with the ergot fungus.</def>

<h1>Ergotized</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"got*ized</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with the ergot fungus; <as>as, <ex>ergotized</ex> rye</as>.</def>

<h1>Eriach, Eric</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw><hw>Er"i*ach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Er"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. <ets>eiric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Irish Law)</fld> <def>A recompense formerly given by a murderer to the relatives of the murdered person.</def>

<h1>Erica</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*ri"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>erice</ets> heath, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of shrubby plants, including the heaths, many of them producing beautiful flowers.</def>

<h1>Ericaceous</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er`i*ca"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Heath family, or resembling plants of that family; consisting of heats.</def>

<h1>Ericinol</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*ric"i*nol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>eric</ets>aceae the Heath family + L. <ets>oleum</ets> oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless oil (quickly becoming brown), with a pleasant odor, obtained by the decomposition of ericolin.</def>

<h1>Ericius</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*ri"ci*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a hedgehog.]</ety> <def>The Vulgate rendering of the Hebrew word <i>qip&omac;d</i>, which in the "Authorized Version" is translated <i>bittern</i>, and in the Revised Version, <i>porcupine</i>.</def>

<blockquote>I will make it [Babylon] a possession for the <b>ericius</b> and pools of waters.
<i>Is. xiv. 23 (Douay version).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ericolin</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*ric"o*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside found in the bearberry (and others of the <spn>Ericace\'91</spn>), and extracted as a bitter, yellow, amorphous mass.</def>

<h1>Eridanus</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*rid"a*nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, the Greek name of the River Po.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A long, winding constellation extending southward from Taurus and containing the bright star Achernar.</def>

<h1>Erigible</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"i*gi*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Erect</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being erected.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Erin</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E"rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. Cf. <er>Aryan</er>.]</ety> <def>An early, and now a poetic, name of Ireland.</def>

<h1>Erinaceous</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er`i*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>erinaceus</ets> hedgehog.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of the Hedgehog family; like, or characteristic of, a hedgehog.</def>

<h1>Eringo</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*rin"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The sea holly. See <er>Eryngo</er>.</def>

<h1>Erinite</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"i*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous arseniate of copper, of an emerald-green color; -- so called from <i>Erin</i>, or Ireland, where it occurs.</def>

<h1>Erinys</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*rin"ys</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Erinyes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>An avenging deity; one of the Furies; sometimes, conscience personified.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Erinnys</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Eriometer</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E`ri*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wool + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the diameters of minute particles or fibers, from the size of the colored rings produced by the diffraction of the light in which the objects are viewed.</def>

<h1>Eristalis</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*ris"ta*lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of dipterous insects whose young (called <i>rat-tailed larv\'91</i>) are remarkable for their long tapering tail, which spiracles at the tip, and for their ability to live in very impure and salt waters; -- also called <altname>drone fly</altname>.</def>

<h1>Eristic, Eristical</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw><hw>E*ris"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E*ris"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to strive, wrangle, <?/ strife.]</ety> <def>Controversial.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>A specimen of admirable special pleading in the court of <b>eristic</b> logic.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Erke</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Erke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Irk</er>.]</ety> <def>ASlothful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Erlking</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Erl"king`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>erlk\'94nig</ets>, fr. Dan. <ets>ellekonge</ets> elfking.]</ety> <def>A personification, in German and Scandinavian mythology, of a spirit natural power supposed to work mischief and ruin, esp. to children.</def>

<h1>Erme</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Erme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ermen</ets>, AS. <ets>yrman</ets>. Cf. <er>Yearn</er>.]</ety> <def>To grieve; to feel sad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ermelin, Ermilin</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw><hw>Er"me*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Er"mi*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ermine</er>.</def>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<h1>Ermin</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>Ermin</ets>, L. <ets>Armenius</ets>.]</ety> <def>An Armenian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ermine</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ermine</ets>, F. <ets>hermine</ets>, prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>harmo</ets>, G. <ets>hermelin</ets>, akin to Lith. <ets>szarm<?/</ets>, <ets>szarmonys</ets>, weasel, cf. AS. <ets>hearma</ets>; but cf. also LL. <ets>armelinus</ets>, <ets>armellina</ets>, <ets>hermellina</ets>, and <ets>pellis Armenia</ets>, the fur of the <ets>Armenian</ets> rat, mus <ets>Armenius</ets>, the animal being found also in <ets>Armenia</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A valuable fur-bearing animal of the genus Mustela (<spn>M. erminea</spn>), allied to the weasel; the stoat. It is found in the northern parts of Asia, Europe, and America. In summer it is brown, but in winter it becomes white, except the tip of the tail, which is always black.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fur of the ermine, as prepared for ornamenting garments of royalty, etc., by having the tips of the tails, which are black, arranged at regular intervals throughout the white.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>By metonymy, the office or functions of a judge, whose state robe, lined with ermine, is emblematical of purity and honor without stain.</def>

<i>Chatham.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>One of the furs. See <er>Fur</er> <fld>(Her.)</fld></def>

<note>&hand; <i>Ermine</i> is represented by an argent field, tufted with black. <i>Ermines</i> is the reverse of ermine, being black, spotted or timbered with argent. <i>Erminois</i> is the same as ermine, except that <i>or</i> is substituted for <i>argent</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Ermine moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a white moth with black spots (esp. <spn>Yponomeuta padella</spn> of Europe); -- so called on account of the resemblance of its covering to the fur of the ermine; also applied to certain white bombycid moths of America.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ermine</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"mine</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To clothe with, or as with, ermine.</def>

<blockquote>The snows that have <b>ermined</b> it in the winter.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ermined</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"mined</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Clothed or adorned with the fur of the ermine.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<mhw><h1>Ermines, n., Erminois</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"mines</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Er"min*ois</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></mhw> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See Note under <er>Ermine</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<h1>Ermit</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"mit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hermit</er>.]</ety> <def>A hermit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ern, Erne</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw><hw>Ern</hw>, <hw>Erne</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>earn</ets> eagle; akin to D. <ets>arend</ets>, OHG. <ets>aro</ets>, G. <ets>aar</ets>, Icel., Sw., & Dan. <ets>\'94rn</ets>, Goth. <ets>ara</ets>, and to Gr. <?/ bird. <?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Ornithology</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sea eagle, esp. the European white-tailed sea eagle (<spn>Hali\'91etus albicilla</spn>).</def>

<h1>Ern</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Ern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Erme</er>.]</ety> <def>To stir with strong emotion; to grieve; to mourn. <note>[Corrupted into <i>yearn</i> in modern editions of Shakespeare.]</note></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ernest</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"nest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Earnest</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ernestful</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"nest*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Earnest</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Serious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Erode</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*rode"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Eroded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Eroding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>erodere</ets>, <ets>erosum</ets>; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>rodere</ets> to gnaw. See <er>Rodent</er>.]</ety> <def>To eat into or away; to corrode; <as>as, canker <ex>erodes</ex> the flesh</as>.</def> "The blood . . . <i>erodes</i> the vessels."

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<blockquote>The smaller charge is more apt to . . . <b>erode</b> the gun.
<i>Am. Cyc.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eroded</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*rod"ed</hw>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Eaten away; gnawed; irregular, as if eaten or worn away.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the edge worn away so as to be jagged or irregularly toothed.</def>

<h1>Erodent</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*rod"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>erodens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>erodere</ets>. See <er>Erode</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine which eats away extraneous growths; a caustic.</def>

<h1>Erogate</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"o*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Erogated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Erogating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>erogatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>erogare</ets>; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>rogare</ets> to ask.]</ety> <def>To lay out, as money; to deal out; to expend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Erogation</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er`o*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>erogatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of giving out or bestowing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Eros</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E"ros</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ love, <?/ (personified) Eros, fr. <?/ to love.]</ety> <fld>(Greek Myth.)</fld> <def>Love; the god of love; -- by earlier writers represented as one of the first and creative gods, by later writers as the son of Aphrodite, equivalent to the Latin god Cupid.</def>

<h1>Erose</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*rose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>erosus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Erode</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Irregular or uneven as if eaten or worn away.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Jagged or irregularly toothed, as if nibbled out or gnawed.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>E*rose"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Erosion</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*ro"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>erosio</ets>. See <er>Erode</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or operation of eroding or eating away.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being eaten away; corrosion; canker.</def>

<h1>Erosive</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*ro"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That erodes or gradually eats away; tending to erode; corrosive.</def>

<i>Humble.</i>

<h1>Erostrate</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*ros"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>e-</ets> out + <ets>rostrate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Without a beak.</def>

<h1>Eroteme</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"o*teme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ question.]</ety> <def>A mark indicating a question; a note of interrogation.</def>

<h1>Erotesis</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er`o*te"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a questioning, fr. <?/ to ask.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure o<?/ speech by which a strong affirmation of the contrary, is implied under the form o<?/ an earnest interrogation, as in the following lines; -</def>

<blockquote>Must I give way and room to your rash choler?
Shall I be frighted when a madman stares?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Erotic, Erotical</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw><hw>E*rot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E*rot"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>\'82rotique</ets>. See <er>Eros</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the passion of love; treating of love; amatory.</def>

<h1>Erotic</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*rot"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An amorous composition or poem.</def>

<h1>Eroticism</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>E*rot"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Erotic quality.</def>

<h1>Erpetologist</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er`pe*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Herpetologist.</def>

<h1>Erpetology</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er`pe*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>erp\'82tologie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Herpetology.</def>

<h1>Err</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Err</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Erred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Erring</er> <tt>(?; 277, 85)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>errer</ets>, L. <ets>errare</ets>; akin to G. <ets>irren</ets>, OHG. <ets>irran</ets>, v. t., <ets>irr<?/n</ets>, v. i., OS. <ets>irrien</ets>, Sw. <ets>irra</ets>, Dan. <ets>irre</ets>, Goth, <ets>a\'a1rzjan</ets> to lead astray, <ets>airzise</ets> astray.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To wander; to roam; to stray.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "Why wilt thou <i>err</i> from me?"

<i>Keble.</i>

<blockquote>What seemeth to you, if there were to a man an hundred sheep and one of them hath <b>erred</b>.
<i>Wyclif (Matt. xviii. 12).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deviate from the true course; to miss the thing aimed at.</def> "My jealous aim might <i>err</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To miss intellectual truth; to fall into error; to mistake in judgment or opinion; to be mistaken.</def>

<blockquote>The man may <b>err</b> in his judgment of circumstances.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To deviate morally from the right way; to go astray, in a figurative sense; to do wrong; to sin.</def>

<blockquote>Do they not <b>err</b> that devise evil?
<i>Prov. xiv. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To offend, as by erring.</def>

<h1>Errable</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Liable to error; fallible.</def>

<h1>Errableness</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"ra*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Liability to error.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Errabund</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"ra*bund</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>errabundus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Erratic.</def> "<i>Errabund</i> guesses."

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Errancy</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"ran*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>errantia</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wandering; state of being in error.</def>

<h1>Errand</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"rand</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>erende</ets>, <ets>erande</ets>, message, business, AS. <ets>\'91rende</ets>, <ets>\'91rend</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>arundi</ets>, OHG. <ets>arunti</ets>, Icel. <ets>eyrendi</ets>, <ets>\'94rendi</ets>, <ets>erendi</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'84rende</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'91rende</ets>; perh. akin to AS. <ets>earu</ets> swift, Icel. <ets>\'94rr</ets>, and to L. <ets>oriri</ets> to rise, E. <ets>orient</ets>.]</ety> <def>A special business intrusted to a messenger; something to be told or done by one sent somewhere for the purpose; often, a verbal message; a commission; <as>as, the servant was sent on an <ex>errand</ex>; to do an <ex>errand</ex></as>. Also, one's purpose in going anywhere.</def>

<blockquote>I have a secret <b>errand</b> to thee, O king.
<i>Judg. iii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will not eat till I have told mine <b>errand</b>.
<i>Gen. xxiv. 33.</i></blockquote>

<-- 2. Any specific task, usually of a routine nature, requiring some form of travel, usually locally.  An errand is often on behalf of someone else, but sometimes for one's own purposes.

   To run an errand.  To perform an errand[2].

   3. A <er>mission</er>. -->

<h1>Errant</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>errant</ets>, p. pr. fr. OF. <ets>errer</ets> to travel, LL. <ets>iterare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>iter</ets> journey; confused somewhat with L. <ets>errare</ets> to err. See <er>Eyre</er>, and cf. <er>Arrant</er>, <er>Itinerant</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Wandering; deviating from an appointed course, or from a direct path; roving.</def>

<blockquote>Seven planets or <b>errant</b> stars in the lower orbs of heaven.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Notorious; notoriously bad; downright; arrant.</def>

<blockquote>Would make me an <b>errant</b> fool.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Journeying; itinerant; -- formerly applied to judges who went on circuit and to bailiffs at large.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Errant</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"rant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who wanders about.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Errantia</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er*ran"ti*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>errare</ets> to wander. See <er>Err</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of ch\'91topod annelids, including those that are not confined to tubes. See <er>Ch\'91topoda</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Errantes</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Errantry</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er"rant*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A wandering; a roving; esp., a roving in quest of adventures.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The employment of a knight-errant.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Errata</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er*ra"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See <er>Erratum</er>.</def>

<h1>Erratic</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er*rat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>erraticus</ets>, fr. <ets>errare</ets> to wander: cf. F. <ets>erratique</ets>. See <er>Err</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having no certain course; roving about without a fixed destination; wandering; moving; -- hence, applied to the planets as distinguished from the fixed stars.</def>

<blockquote>The earth and each <b>erratic</b> world.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deviating from a wise of the common course in opinion or conduct; eccentric; strange; queer; <as>as, <ex>erratic</ex> conduct</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Irregular; changeable.</def> "<i>Erratic</i> fever."

<i>Harvey.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Erratic blocks</col>, <col>gravel, etc.</col></mcol> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>masses of stone which have been transported from their original resting places by the agency of water, ice, or other causes.</cd> -- <col>Erratic phenomena</col>, <cd>the phenomena which relate to transported materials on the earth's surface.</cd></cs>

<h1>Erratic</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 50- -->>

<hw>Er*rat"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who deviates from common and accepted opinions; one who is eccentric or preserve in his intellectual character.</def>

<hr>
<page="508">
Page 508<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rogue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Any stone or material that has been borne away from its original site by natural agencies; esp., a large block or fragment of rock; a bowlder.</def>

<note>&hand; In the plural the term is applied especially to the loose gravel and stones on the earth's surface, including what is called <i>drift</i>.</note>

<h1>Erratical</h1>
<Xpage=508>

<hw>Er*rat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Erratic.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Er*rat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Er*rat"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Erration</h1>
<Xpage=508>

<hw>Er*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>erratio</ets>. See <er>Err</er>.]</ety> <def>A wandering; a roving about.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Erratum</h1>
<Xpage=508>

<hw>Er*ra"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Errata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>errare</ets>, <ets>erratum</ets>, to wander, err. See <er>Err</er>.]</ety> <def>An error or mistake in writing or printing.</def>

<blockquote>A single <b>erratum</b> may knock out the brains of a whole passage.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Erthine</h1>
<Xpage=508>

<hw>Er"thine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ in + <?/, <?/, nose: cf. F. <ets>errhin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine designed to be snuffed up the nose, to promote discharges of mucus; a sternutatory.</def> <i>Coxe</i>. -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing or increasing secretion of nasal mucus.</def></def2>

<h1>Erroneous</h1>
<Xpage=508>

<hw>Er*ro"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>erroneus</ets>, fr. <ets>errare</ets> to err. See <er>Err</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Wandering; straying; deviating from the right course; -- hence, irregular; unnatural.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Erroneous</i> circulation."

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<blockquote>Stopped much of the <b>erroneous</b> light, which otherwise would have disturbed the vision.
<i>Sir I. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Misleading; misled; mistaking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>An <b>erroneous</b> conscience commands us to do what we ought to omit.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Containing error; not conformed to truth or justice; incorrect; false; mistaken; <as>as, an <ex>erroneous</ex> doctrine; <ex>erroneous</ex> opinion, observation, deduction, view, etc.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Er*ro"ne*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Er*ro"ne*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Error</h1>
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<hw>Er"ror</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>error</ets>, <ets>errur</ets>, F. <ets>erreur</ets>, L. <ets>error</ets>, fr. <ets>errare</ets> to err. See <er>Err</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A wandering; a roving or irregular course.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The rest of his journey, his <b>error</b> by sea.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wandering or deviation from the right course or standard; irregularity; mistake; inaccuracy; something made wrong or left wrong; <as>as, an <ex>error</ex> in writing or in printing; a clerical <ex>error</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A departing or deviation from the truth; falsity; false notion; wrong opinion; mistake; misapprehension.</def>

<blockquote>H<?/ judgment was often in <b>error</b>, though his candor remained unimpaired.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A moral offense; violation of duty; a sin or transgression; iniquity; fault.</def>

<i>Ps. xix. 12.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The difference between the approximate result and the true result; -- used particularly in the rule of double position.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mensuration)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The difference between an observed value and the true value of a quantity.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The difference between the observed value of a quantity and that which is taken or computed to be the true value; -- sometimes called <altname>residual error</altname>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Law.)</fld> <def>A mistake in the proceedings of a court of record in matters of law or of fact.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>A fault of a player of the side in the field which results in failure to put out a player on the other side, or gives him an unearned base.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Law of error</col>, &or; <col>Law of frequency of error</col></mcol> <fld>(Mensuration)</fld>, <cd>the law which expresses the relation between the magnitude of an error and the frequency with which that error will be committed in making a large number of careful measurements of a quantity.</cd> -- <col>Probable error</col>. <fld>(Mensuration)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Probable</er>.</cd> -- <col>Writ of error</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an original writ, which lies after judgment in an action at law, in a court of record, to correct some alleged error in the proceedings, or in the judgment of the court.</cd></cs>

<i>Bouvier. Burrill.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Mistake; fault; blunder; failure; fallacy; delusion; hallucination; sin. See <er>Blunder</er>.</syn>

<h1>Errorful</h1>
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<hw>Er"ror*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of error; wrong.</def>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Errorist</h1>
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<hw>Er"ror*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who encourages and propagates error; one who holds to error.</def>

<h1>Ers</h1>
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<hw>Ers</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>ervum</ets> a kind of pulse, bitter vetch.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The bitter vetch (<spn>Ervum Ervilia</spn>).</def>

<h1>Erse</h1>
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<hw>Erse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A modification of <ets>Irish</ets>, OE. <ets>Irishe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A name sometimes given to that dialect of the Celtic which is spoken in the Highlands of Scotland; -- called, by the Highlanders, <i>Gaelic</i>.</def>

<h1>Erse</h1>
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<hw>Erse</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Celtic race in the Highlands of Scotland, or to their language.</def>

<h1>Ersh</h1>
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<hw>Ersh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Arrish</er>.</def>

<h1>Erst</h1>
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<hw>Erst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Orig. superlative of <ets>ere</ets>; AS. <ets><?/rest</ets>. See <er>Ere</er>.]</ety> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>First.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Previously; before; formerly; heretofore.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Tityrus, with whose style he had <b>erst</b> disclaimed all ambition to match his pastoral pipe.
<i>A. W. Ward.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>At erst</col>, <cd>at first; at the beginning.</cd> -- <col>Now at erst</col>, <cd>at this present time.</cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Erstwhile</h1>
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<hw>Erst`while"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Till then or now; heretofore; formerly.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Erubescence; 135, Erubescency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Er`u*bes"cence</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <hw>Er`u*bes"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>erubescentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82rubescence</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of becoming red; redness of the skin or surface of anything; a blushing.</def>

<h1>Erubescent</h1>
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<hw>Er`u*bes"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>erubescens</ets>, p. pr. <ets>erubescere</ets> to grow red; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>rubescere</ets>. See <er>Rubescent</er>.]</ety> <def>Red, or reddish; blushing.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Erubescite</h1>
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<hw>Er`u*bes"cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bornite</er>.</def>

<h1>Eruca</h1>
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<hw>E*ru"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Eruc\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a caterpillar, also, a sort of colewort.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect in the larval state; a caterpillar; a larva.</def>

<h1>Erucic</h1>
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<hw>E*ru"cic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, a genus of cruciferous Mediterranean herbs (<spn>Eruca</spn> or <spn>Brassica</spn>); <as>as, <ex>erucic</ex> acid, a fatty acid resembling oleic acid, and found in colza oil, mustard oil, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Erucifrom</h1>
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<hw>E*ru"ci*from</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Eruca</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a caterpillar; -- said of insect larv\'91.</def>

<h1>Eruct, Eructate</h1>
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<hw><hw>E*ruct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E*ruc"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eructare</ets>; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>ructare</ets> to belch: cf. F. <ets>\'82ructer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To eject, as wind, from the stomach; to belch.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Eructation</h1>
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<hw>Er`uc*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eructatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82ructation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of belching wind from the stomach; a belch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A violent belching out or emitting, as of gaseous or other matter from the crater of a volcano, geyser, etc.</def>

<h1>Erudiate</h1>
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<hw>E*ru"di*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>erudire</ets>.]</ety> <def>To instruct; to educate; to teach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The skillful goddess there <b>erudiates</b> these
In all she did.
<i>Fanshawe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Erudite</h1>
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<hw>Er"u*dite</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eruditus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>erudire</ets> to free from rudeness, to polish, instruct; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>rudis</ets> rude: cf. F. <ets>\'82rudit</ets>. See <er>Rude</er>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by extensive reading or knowledge; well instructed; learned.</def> "A most <i>erudite</i> prince." <i>Sir T. More</i>. "<i>Erudite</i> . . . theology." <i>I. Taylor</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Er"u*dite`ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Er"u*dite`ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Erudition</h1>
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<hw>Er`u*di"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eruditio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82rudition</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of instructing; the result of thorough instruction; the state of being erudite or learned; the acquisitions gained by extensive reading or study; particularly, learning in literature or criticism, as distinct from the sciences; scholarship.</def>

<blockquote>The management of a young lady's person is not be overlooked, but the <b>erudition</b> of her mind is much more to be regarded.
<i>Steele.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The gay young gentleman whose <b>erudition</b> sat so easily upon him.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Literature; learning. See <er>Literature</er>.</syn>

<h1>Erugate</h1>
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<hw>Er"u*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>erugatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>erugare</ets> to smooth; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>ruga</ets> wrinkle.]</ety> <def>Freed from wrinkles; smooth.</def>

<h1>Eruginous</h1>
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<hw>E*ru"gi*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82rugineux</ets>. See <er>\'92ruginous</er>.]</ety> <def>Partaking of the substance or nature of copper, or of the rust copper; resembling the trust of copper or verdigris; \'91ruginous.</def>

<h1>Erumpent</h1>
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<hw>E*rum"pent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>erumpens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>erumpere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Breaking out; -- said of certain fungi which burst through the texture of leaves.</def>

<h1>Erupt</h1>
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<hw>E*rupt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Eruption</er>.]</ety> <def>To cause to burst forth; to eject; <as>as, to <ex>erupt</ex> lava</as>.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Eruption</h1>
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<hw>E*rup"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eruptio</ets>, fr. <ets>erumpere</ets>, <ets>eruptum</ets>, to break out; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>rumpere</ets>, to break: cf. F. <ets>\'82ruption</ets>. See <er>Rupture</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of breaking out or bursting forth; as: <sd>(a)</sd> A violent throwing out of flames, lava, etc., as from a volcano of a fissure in the earth's crust. <sd>(b)</sd> A sudden and overwhelming hostile movement of armed men from one country to another. <i>Milton</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> A violent commotion.</def>

<blockquote>All Paris was quiet . . . to gather fresh strength for the next day's <b>eruption</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which bursts forth.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A violent exclamation; ejaculation.</def>

<blockquote>He would . . . break out into bitter and passionate <b>eruditions</b>.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The breaking out of pimples, or an efflorescence, as in measles, scarlatina, etc.</def>

<h1>Eruptional</h1>
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<hw>E*rup"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Eruptive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>R. A. Proctor.</i>

<h1>Eruptive</h1>
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<hw>E*rup"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82ruptif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Breaking out or bursting forth.</def>

<blockquote>The sudden glance
Appears far south <b>eruptive</b> through the cloud.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Attended with eruption or efflorescence, or producing it; <as>as, an <ex>eruptive</ex> fever</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Produced by eruption; <as>as, <ex>eruptive</ex> rocks, such as the igneous or volcanic</as>.</def>

<h1>Eruptive</h1>
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<hw>E*rup"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An eruptive rock.</def>

<h1>Erynggium</h1>
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<hw>E*ryng"gi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/ eryngo; cf. L. <ets>eryngion</ets>, <ets>erynge</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of umbelliferous plants somewhat like thistles in appearance. <i>Eryngium maritimum</i>, or sea holly, has been highly esteemed as an aphrodisiac, the roots being formerly candied.</def>

<h1>Eryngo</h1>
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<hw>E*ryn"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus Eryngium.</def>

<h1>Erysipelas</h1>
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<hw>Er`y*sip"e*las</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ red + <?/ hide, skin. See <er>Red</er>, and <er>Pell</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>St. Anthony's fire; a febrile disease accompanied with a diffused inflammation of the skin, which, starting usually from a single point, spreads gradually over its surface. It is usually regarded as contagious, and often occurs epidemically.</def>

<h1>Erysipelatoid</h1>
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<hw>Er`y*si*pel"a*toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ erysipelas + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling erysipelas.</def>

<h1>Erysipelatous</h1>
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<hw>Er`y*si*pel"a*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82rysip\'82lateux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling erysipelas, or partaking of its nature.</def>

<h1>Erysipelous</h1>
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<hw>Er`y*sip"e*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Erysipelatous.</def>

<h1>Erythema</h1>
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<hw>Er`y*the"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to redden, fr. <?/ red.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease of the skin, in which a diffused inflammation forms rose-colored patches of variable size.</def>

<h1>Erythematic</h1>
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<hw>Er`y*the*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82ryth\'82matique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Characterized by, or causing, a morbid redness of the skin; relating to erythema.</def>

<h1>Erythematous</h1>
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<hw>Er`y*them"a*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or causing, erythema.</def>

<h1>Erythrean, Erythr\'91an</h1>
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<hw><hw>Er`y*thre"an</hw>, <hw>Er`y*thr\'91"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>erythraeus</ets>; Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ red.]</ety> <def>Red in color.</def> "The <i>erythrean</i> main."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Erythric</h1>
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<hw>E*ryth"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, erythrin.</def>

<h1>Erythrin, Erythrine</h1>
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<hw><hw>E*ryth"rin</hw>, <hw>E*ryth"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ red.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless crystalline substance, <chform>C20H22O10</chform>, extracted from certain lichens, as the various species of <spn>Rocella</spn>. It is a derivative of orsellinic acid. So called because of certain red compounds derived from it. Called also <i>erythric</i> acid.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Erythrite</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Erythrina</h1>
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<hw>Er`y*thri"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ red.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of leguminous plants growing in the tropics; coral tree; -- so called from its red flowers.</def>

<h1>Erythrism</h1>
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<hw>E*ryth"rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ red: cf. F. <ets>\'82rythrisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A condition of excessive redness. See <er>Erythrochroism</er>.</def>

<h1>Erythrite</h1>
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<hw>E*ryth"rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ red.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless crystalline substance, <chform>C4H6.(OH)4</chform>, of a sweet, cooling taste, extracted from certain lichens, and obtained by the decomposition of <i>erythrin</i>; -- called also <altname>erythrol</altname>, <altname>erythroglucin</altname>, <altname>erythromannite</altname>, <altname>pseudorcin</altname>, <altname>cobalt bloom</altname>, and under the name <altname>phycite</altname> obtained from the alga <spn>Protococcus vulgaris</spn>. It is a tetrabasic alcohol, corresponding to glycol and glycerin.</def>
<-- now usu. called erythritol, HO.CH2.CHOH.CHOH.CH2.OH
   Has coronary vasodilator activity. -->

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A rose-red mineral, crystallized and earthy, a hydrous arseniate of cobalt, known also as <altname>cobalt bloom</altname>; -- called also <altname>erythrin</altname> or <altname>erythrine</altname>.</def>

<h1>Erythrochroic</h1>
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<hw>E*ryth`ro*chro"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having, or subject to, erythrochroism.</def>

<h1>Erythrochroism</h1>
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<hw>E*ryth"ro*chro*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ red + <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An unusual redness, esp. in the plumage of birds, or hair of mammals, independently of age, sex, or season.</def>

<h1>Erythrodextrin</h1>
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<hw>E*ryth`ro*dex"trin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ red + E. <ets>dextrin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A dextrin which gives a red color with iodine. See <er>Dextrin</er>.</def>

<h1>Erythrogen</h1>
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<hw>E*ryth"ro*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ red + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Carbon disulphide; -- so called from certain red compounds which it produces in combination with other substances.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A substance reddened by acids, which is supposed to be contained in flowers.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A crystalline substance obtained from diseased bile, which becomes blood-red when acted on by nitric acid or ammonia.</def>

<h1>Erythrogranulose</h1>
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<hw>E*ryth`ro*gran"u*lose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ red + E. <ets>granulose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A term applied by Br\'81cke to a substance present in small amount in starch granules, colored red by iodine.</def>

<h1>Erythroid</h1>
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<hw>Er"y*throid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ red + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of a red color; reddish; <as>as, the <ex>erythroid</ex> tunic (the cremaster muscle)</as>.</def>

<h1>Erythroleic</h1>
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<hw>Er`y*thro"le*ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ red + L. <ets>oleum</ets> oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having a red color and oily appearance; -- applied to a purple semifluid substance said to be obtained from archil.</def>

<h1>Erythrolein</h1>
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<hw>Er`y*thro"le*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Erythroleic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A red substance obtained from litmus.</def>

<h1>Erythrolitmin</h1>
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<hw>E*ryth`ro*lit"min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ red + E. <ets>litmus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Erythrolein.</def>

<h1>Erythronium</h1>
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<hw>Er`y*thro"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a kind of plant, fr. <?/ red.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A name originally given (from its <i>red</i> acid) to the metal vanadium.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Erythrophleine</h1>
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<hw>E*ryth`ro*phle"ine</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline alkaloid, extracted from sassy bark (<spn>Erythrophleum Guineense</spn>).</def>

<h1>Erythrophyll, Erythrophyllin</h1>
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<hw><hw>E*ryth"ro*phyll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Er`y*throph"yl*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ red + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Bot.)</fld> <def>The red coloring matter of leaves, fruits, flowers, etc., in distinction from chlorophyll.</def>

<h1>Erythrosin</h1>
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<hw>E*ryth"ro*sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ red.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A red substance formed by the oxidation of tyrosin.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A red dyestuff obtained from fluoresce\'8bn by the action of iodine.</def>

<h1>Erythroxylon</h1>
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<hw>Er`y*throx"y*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ red + <?/ wood. So named from the red wood of some species.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of shrubs or small trees of the Flax family, growing in tropical countries. <spn>E. Coca</spn> is the source of cocaine. See <er>Coca</er>.</def>

<h1>Erythrozyme</h1>
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<hw>E*ryth"ro*zyme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ red + <?/ leaven.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A ferment extracted from madder root, possessing the power of inducing alcoholic fermentation in solutions of sugar.</def>

<h1>Escalade</h1>
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<hw>Es`ca*lade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., Sp. <ets>escalada</ets> (cf. It. <ets>scalata</ets>), fr. Sp. <ets>escalar</ets> to scale, LL. <ets>scalare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>scala</ets> ladder. See <er>Scale</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A furious attack made by troops on a fortified place, in which ladders are used to pass a ditch or mount a rampart.</def>

<blockquote>Sin enters, not by <b>escalade</b>, but by cunning or treachery.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Escalade</h1>
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<hw>Es`ca*lade"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Escaladed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Escalading</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To mount and pass or enter by means of ladders; to scale; <as>as, to <ex>escalate</ex> a wall</as>.</def>

<h1>Escallop</h1>
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<hw>Es*cal"lop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Escalop</er>.</def>

<h1>Escalloped</h1>
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<hw>Es*cal"loped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Escaloped</er>.</def>

<h1>Escalop</h1>
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<hw>Es*cal"op</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>escalope</ets> shell, F. <ets>escalope</ets> a sort of cut of meat. See <er>Scallop</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bivalve shell of the genus <spn>Pecten</spn>. See <er>Scallop</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A regular, curving indenture in the margin of anything. See <er>Scallop</er>.</def> "So many jags or <i>escalops</i>."

<i>Ray.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The figure or shell of an escalop, considered as a sign that the bearer had been on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.</def> Hence: <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing or a charge consisting of an escalop shell.</def>

<h1>Escaloped</h1>
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<hw>Es*cal"oped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Cut or marked in the form of an escalop; scalloped.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Covered with a pattern resembling a series of escalop shells, each of which issues from between two others. Its appearance is that of a surface covered with scales.</def>

<cs><col>Escaloped oysters</col> <fld>(Cookery)</fld>. <cd>See under <er>Scalloped</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Escambio</h1>
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<hw>Es*cam"bi*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>escambium</ets>, <ets>excambium</ets>. See <er>Excamb</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A license formerly required for the making over a bill of exchange to another over sea.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Escapable</h1>
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<hw>Es*cap"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Avoidable.</def>

<h1>Escapade</h1>
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<hw>Es`ca*pade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Sp. <ets>escapada</ets> escape, fr. <ets>escapar</ets> to escape; or F., fr. It. <ets>scappata</ets> escape, escapade, fr. <ets>scappare</ets> to escape. see <er>Escape</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The fling of a horse, or ordinary kicking back of his heels; a gambol.</def>

<hr>
<page="509">
Page 509<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Act by which one breaks loose from the rules of propriety or good sense; a freak; a prank.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Escape</h1>
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<hw>Es*cape"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Escaped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Escaping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>escapen</ets>, <ets>eschapen</ets>, OF. <ets>escaper</ets>, <ets>eschaper</ets>, F. <ets>echapper</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>ex cappa</ets> out of one's cape or cloak; hence, to slip out of one's cape and escape. See 3d <er>Cape</er>, and cf. <er>Scape</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To flee from and avoid; to be saved or exempt from; to shun; to obtain security from; <as>as, to <ex>escape</ex> danger</as>.</def> "Sailors that <i>escaped</i> the wreck."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To avoid the notice of; to pass unobserved by; to evade; <as>as, the fact <ex>escaped</ex> our attention</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>escaped</b> the search of the enemy.
<i>Ludlow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Escape</h1>
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<hw>Es*cape"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To flee, and become secure from danger; -- often followed by <i>from</i> or <i>out of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Haste, for thy life <b>escape</b>, nor look behind<?/<?/
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To get clear from danger or evil of any form; to be passed without harm.</def>

<blockquote>Such heretics . . . would have been thought fortunate, if they <b>escaped</b> with life.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To get free from that which confines or holds; -- used of persons or things; <as>as, to <ex>escape</ex> from prison, from arrest, or from slavery; gas <ex>escapes</ex> from the pipes; electricity <ex>escapes</ex> from its conductors.</as></def>

<blockquote>To <b>escape</b> out of these meshes.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Escape</h1>
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<hw>Es*cape"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of fleeing from danger, of evading harm, or of avoiding notice; deliverance from injury or any evil; flight; <as>as, an <ex>escape</ex> in battle; a narrow <ex>escape</ex></as>; also, the means of escape; <as>as, a fire <ex>escape</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>I would hasten my <b>escape</b> from the windy storm.
<i>Ps. lv. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which escapes attention or restraint; a mistake; an oversight; also, transgression.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I should have been more accurate, and corrected all those former <b>escapes</b>.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sally.</def> "Thousand <i>escapes</i> of wit."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The unlawful permission, by a jailer or other custodian, of a prisoner's departure from custody.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Escape</i> is technically distinguishable from <i>prison breach</i>, which is the unlawful departure of the prisoner from custody, <i>escape</i> being the permission of the departure by the custodian, either by connivance or negligence. The term <i>escape</i>, however, is applied by some of the old authorities to a departure from custody by stratagem, or without force.</note>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An apophyge.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Leakage or outflow, as of steam or a liquid.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>Leakage or loss of currents from the conducting wires, caused by defective insulation.</def>

<cs><col>Escape pipe</col> <fld>(Steam Boilers)</fld>, <cd>a pipe for carrying away steam that escapes through a safety valve.</cd> -- <col>Escape valve</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>a relief valve; a safety valve. See under <er>Relief</er>, and <er>Safety</er>.</cd> -- <col>Escape wheel</col> <fld>(Horol.)</fld>, <cd>the wheel of an escapement.</cd></cs>

<h1>Escapement</h1>
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<hw>Es*cape"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82chappement</ets>. See <er>Escape</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of escaping; escape.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Way of escape; vent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>An <b>escapement</b> for youthful high spirits.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The contrivance in a timepiece which connects the train of wheel work with the pendulum or balance, giving to the latter the impulse by which it is kept in vibration; -- so called because it allows a tooth to <i>escape</i> from a pallet at each vibration.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Escapements</i> are of several kinds, as the <i>vertical</i>, or <i>verge</i>, or <i>crown</i>, <i>escapement</i>, formerly used in watches, in which two pallets on the balance arbor engage with a crown wheel; the <i>anchor escapement</i>, in which an anchor-shaped piece carries the pallets; -- used in common clocks (both are called <i>recoil escapements</i>, from the recoil of the escape wheel at each vibration); the <i>cylinder escapement</i>, having an open-sided hollow cylinder on the balance arbor to control the escape wheel; the <i>duplex escapement</i>, having two sets of teeth on the wheel; the <i>lever escapement</i>, which is a kind of <i>detached escapement</i>, because the pallets are on a lever so arranged that the balance which vibrates it is detached during the greater part of its vibration and thus swings more freely; the <i>detent escapement</i>, used in chronometers; the <i>remontoir escapement</i>, in which the escape wheel is driven by an independent spring or weight wound up at intervals by the clock train, -- sometimes used in astronomical clocks. When the shape of an escape-wheel tooth is such that it falls dead on the pallet without recoil, it forms a <i>deadbeat escapement</i>.</note>

<h1>Escaper</h1>
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<hw>Es*cap"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who escapes.</def>

<h1>Escarbuncle</h1>
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<hw>Es*car"bun*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>escarbuncle</ets>, F. <ets>escaboucle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>Carbuncle</er>, 3.</def>

<h1>Escargatoire</h1>
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<hw>Es*car`ga*toire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>escargoti\'8are</ets>, fr. <ets>escargot</ets> snail.]</ety> <def>A nursery of snails.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Escarp</h1>
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<hw>Es*carp"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>escarpe</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>escarpa</ets>, It. <ets>scarpa</ets>), fr. <ets>escarper</ets> to cut steep, cut to a slope, prob. of German origin: cf. G. <ets>scharf</ets> sharp,, E. <ets>sharp</ets>, or perh. <ets>scrape</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The side of the ditch next the parapet; -- same as <i>scarp</i>, and opposed to <i>counterscarp</i>.</def>

<h1>Escarp</h1>
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<hw>Es*carp"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Escarped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Escarping</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To make into, or furnish with, a steep slope, like that of a scrap.</def>

<i>Carleton.</i>

<h1>Escarpment</h1>
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<hw>Es*carp"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>escarpement</ets>.]</ety> <def>A steep descent or declivity; steep face or edge of a ridge; ground about a fortified place, cut away nearly vertically to prevent hostile approach. See <er>Scarp</er>.</def>

<h1>-escent</h1>
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<hw>-es"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From the ending <ets>-escens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, of the p. pr. of inchoative verbs in Latin.]</ety> <def>A suffix signifying <i>beginning</i>, <i>beginning to be</i>; <as>as, adol<ex>escent</ex>, efferv<ex>escent</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Eschalot</h1>
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<hw>Esch`a*lot"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Shallot</er>.</def>

<h1>Eschar</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es"char</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eschara</ets>, Gr.  <?/: cf. F. <ets>eschare</ets>.  See <er>Scar</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A dry slough, crust, or scab, which separates from the healthy part of the body, as that produced by a burn, or the application of caustics.</def>

<h1>Eschar</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es"char</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>In Ireland, one of the continuous mounds or ridges of gravelly and sandy drift which extend for many miles over the surface of the country. Similar ridges in Scotland are called <i>kames</i> or <i>kams</i>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>eskar</asp> and <asp>esker</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Eschara</h1>
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<hw>Es"cha*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a grate, a pan of coals.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of Bryozoa which produce delicate corals, often incrusting like lichens, but sometimes branched.</def>

<h1>Escharine</h1>
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<hw>Es"cha*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or pertaining to, the genus Eschara, or family <i>Escharid\'91</i>.</def>

<h1>Escharotic</h1>
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<hw>Es`cha*rot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ an eschar: cf. F. <ets>escharotique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Serving or tending to form an eschar;; producing a scar; caustic.</def>

<h1>Escharotic</h1>
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<hw>Es`cha*rot"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A substance which produces an eschar; a caustic, esp., a mild caustic.</def>

<h1>Eschatological</h1>
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<hw>Es`cha*to*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the last or final things.</def>

<h1>Eschatology</h1>
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<hw>Es`cha*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the furthest, last + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of the last or final things, as death, judgment, and the events therewith connected.</def>

<h1>Eschaunge</h1>
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<hw>Es*chaunge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Exchange.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Escheat</h1>
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<hw>Es*cheat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>eschete</ets>, <ets>escheyte</ets>, an escheat, fr. OF. <ets>escheit</ets>, <ets>escheoit</ets>, <ets>escheeite</ets>, <ets>esheoite</ets>, fr. <ets>escheoir</ets> (F. <ets>\'82choir</ets>) to fall to, fall to the lot of; pref. <ets>es-</ets> (L. <ets>ex</ets>) + <ets>cheoir</ets>, F. <ets>choir</ets>, to fall, fr. L. <ets>cadere</ets>. See <er>Chance</er>, and cf. <er>Cheat</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Feud. &  Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The falling back or reversion of lands, by some casualty or accident, to the lord of the fee, in consequence of the extinction of the blood of the tenant, which may happen by his dying without heirs, and formerly might happen by corruption of blood, that is, by reason of a felony or attainder</def>. <i>Tomlins</i>. <i>Blackstone</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(U. S. Law)</fld> <def>The reverting of real property to the State, as original and ultimate proprietor, by reason of a failure of persons legally entitled to hold the same.</def>

<note>&hand; A distinction is carefully made, by English writers, between <i>escheat to the lord of the fee</i> and <i>forfeiture to the crown</i>. But in this country, where the State holds the place of chief lord of the fee, and is entitled to take alike escheat and by forfeiture, this distinction is not essential.</note>

<i>Tomlins. Kent.</i>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A writ, now abolished, to recover escheats from the   person in possession.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lands which fall to the lord or the State by escheat.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which falls to one; a reversion or return</def>

<blockquote>To make me great by others' loss is bad <b>escheat</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Escheat</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*cheat"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Esheated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Escheating</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To revert, or become forfeited, to the lord, the crown, or the State, as lands by the failure of persons entitled to hold the same, or by forfeiture.</def>

<note>&hand; In this country it is the general rule that when the title to land fails by defect of heirs or devisees, it necessarily escheats to the State; but forfeiture of estate from crime is hardly known in this country, and corruption of blood is universally abolished.</note>

<i>Kent. Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Escheat</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*cheat"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To forfeit.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Escheatable</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*cheat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Liable to escheat.</def>

<h1>Escheatage</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*cheat"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The right of succeeding to an escheat.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Escheator</h1>
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<hw>Es*cheat"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An officer whose duty it is to observe what escheats have taken place, and to take charge of them.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Eschevin</h1>
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<hw>Es"che*vin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>eschevin</ets>, a sort of magistrate, alderman, F. <ets>\'82chevin</ets>.]</ety> <def>The alderman or chief officer of an ancient guild.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Eschew</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*chew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Eshewed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Eshewing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>eschever</ets>, <ets>eschiver</ets>, <ets>eskiver</ets>, F. <ets>esquiver</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>sciuhen</ets>, G. <ets>scheuen</ets>; akin to E. <ets>sky</ets>. See <er>Shy</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To shun; to avoid, as something wrong, or from a feeling of distaste; to keep one's self clear of.</def>

<blockquote>They must not only <b>eschew</b> evil, but do good.
<i>Bp. Beveridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To escape from; to avoid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He who obeys, destruction shall <b>eschew</b>.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eschewer</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*chew"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who eschews.</def>

<h1>Eschewment</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*chew"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of eschewing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Eschscholtzia</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Esch*scholtz"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Named after Dr.  <ets>Eschscholtz</ets>, a German botanist.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of papaveraceous plants, found in California and upon the west coast of North America, some species of which produce beautiful yellow, orange, rose-colored, or white flowers; the California poppy.</def>

<h1>Eschynite</h1>
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<hw>Es"chy*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ shame.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A rare mineral, containing chiefly niobium, titanium, thorium, and cerium. It was so called by Berzelius on account of the inability of chemical science, at the time of its discovery, to separate some of its constituents.</def>

<h1>Escocheon</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*coch"eon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Escutcheon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Escopet, Escopette</h1>
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<hw><hw>Es`co*pet"</hw>, <hw>Es`co*pette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>escopeta</ets>, F. <ets>escopette</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of firearm; a carbine.</def>

<h1>Escorial</h1>
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<hw>Es*co"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>See <er>Escurial</er>.</def>

<h1>Escort</h1>
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<hw>Es"cort</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>escorte</ets>, It. <ets>scorta</ets> a guard or guide, fr. <ets>scorgere</ets> to perceive, discern, lead, fr. L. <ets>ex</ets> out, quite + <ets>corrigere</ets> to correct, set right. See <er>Correct</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A body of armed men to attend a person of distinction for the sake of affording safety when on a journey; one who conducts some one as an attendant; a guard, as of prisoners on a march; also, a body of persons, attending as a mark of respect or honor; -- applied to movements on land, as <i>convoy</i> is to movements at sea.</def>

<blockquote>The troops of my <b>escort</b> marched at the ordinary rate.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Protection, care, or safeguard on a journey or excursion; <as>as, to travel under the <ex>escort</ex> of a friend</as>.</def>

<h1>Escort</h1>
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<hw>Es*cort"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Escorted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Escorting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>escorter</ets>, It. <ets>scortare</ets>. See <er>Escort</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To attend with a view to guard and protect; to accompany as safeguard; to give honorable or ceremonious attendance to; -- used esp. with reference to journeys or excursions on land; <as>as, to <ex>escort</ex> a public functionary, or a lady; to <ex>escort</ex> a baggage wagon.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To accompany; attend. See <er>Accompany</er>.</syn>

<h1>Escot</h1>
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<hw>Es*cot"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.]</ety> <def>See <er>Scot</er>, a tax.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Escot</h1>
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<hw>Es*cot"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pay the reckoning for; to support; to maintain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Escouade</h1>
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<hw>Es`couade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Squad</er>,</def>

<h1>Escout</h1>
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<hw>Es*cout"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Scout</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hayward.</i>

<h1>Escribed</h1>
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<hw>Es*cribed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>e</ets> out, out of + <ets>scribere</ets> to write.]</ety> <def>Drawn outside of; -- used to designate a circle that touches one of the sides of a given triangle, and also the other two sides produced.</def>

<h1>Escript</h1>
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<hw>Es"cript</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.]</ety> <def>A writing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Escritoire</h1>
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<hw>Es`cri*toire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>escritoire</ets>, F. <ets>\'82critoire</ets>, LL. <ets>scriptorium</ets>, fr. L. <ets>scriptorius</ets> belonging to writing, fr. <ets>sribere</ets> to write. See <er>Script</er>, and cf. <er>Scrutoire</er>.]</ety> <def>A piece of furniture used as a writing table, commonly with drawers, pigeonholes, and the like; a secretary or writing desk.</def>

<h1>Escritorial</h1>
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<hw>Es`cri*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an escritoire.</def>

<h1>Escrod</h1>
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<hw>Es*crod"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Scrod</er>, a young cod.</def>

<h1>Escrol, Escroll</h1>
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<hw><hw>Es*crol"</hw>, <hw>Es*croll"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Escrow</er>, <er>Scroll</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A scroll.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A long strip or scroll resembling a ribbon or a band of parchment, or the like, anciently placed above the shield, and supporting the crest.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In modern heraldry, a similar ribbon on which the motto is inscribed.</def>

<h1>Escrow</h1>
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<hw>Es"crow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>escroe</ets>, <ets>escroue</ets>, a roll of writings, bond. See <er>Scroll</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A deed, bond, or other written engagement, delivered to a third person, to be held by him till some act is done or some condition is performed, and then to be by him delivered to the grantee.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Escuage</h1>
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<hw>Es"cu*age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>escuage</ets>, F. <ets>\'82cuage</ets>, from OF. <ets>escu</ets> shield, F. <ets>\'82cu</ets>. See <er>Esquire</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Feud. Law)</fld> <def>Service of the shield, a species of knight service by which a tenant was bound to follow his lord to war, at his own charge. It was afterward exchanged for a pecuniary satisfaction. Called also <altname>scutage</altname>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Esculapian</h1>
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<hw>Es`cu*la"pi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>\'92sculapian.</def>

<h1>Esculapius</h1>
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<hw>Es`cu*la"pi*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>\'92sculapius</er>.</def>

<h1>Esculent</h1>
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<hw>Es"cu*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>esculentus</ets>, fr. <ets>escare</ets> to eat, fr. <ets>esca</ets> food, fr. <ets>edere</ets> to eat: cf. F. <ets>esculent</ets>. See <er>Eat</er>.]</ety> <def>Suitable to be used by man for food; eatable; edible; <as>as, <ex>esculent</ex> plants; <ex>esculent</ex> fish.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Esculent</b> grain for food.
<i>Sir W. Jones.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Esculent swallow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the swallow which makes the edible bird's-nest. See <cref>Edible bird's-nest</cref>, under <er>Edible</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Esculent</h1>
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<hw>Es"cu*lent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything that is fit for eating; that which may be safely eaten by man.</def>

<h1>Esculic</h1>
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<hw>Es*cu"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From NL. <ets>Aesculus</ets>, the generic name of the horse-chestnut, fr. L. <ets>aesculus</ets> a kind of oak.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, the horse-chestnut; <as>as, <ex>esculic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Esculin</h1>
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<hw>Es*cu"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Esculic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside obtained from the <spn>\'92sculus hippocastanum</spn>, or horse-chestnut, and characterized by its fine blue fluorescent solutions.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>\'91sculin</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Escurial</h1>
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<hw>Es*cu"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prop. Sp. <ets>escorial</ets>, i. e., a hill or heap of rubbish, earth, and stones brought out of a mine, fr. <ets>escoria</ets> dross of metal, L. <ets>scoria</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Scoria</er>.]</ety> <def>A palace and mausoleum of the kinds of Spain, being a vast and wonderful structure about twenty-five miles northwest of Madrid.</def>

<note>&hand; The ground plan is said to be in the form of a gridiron, the structure being designed in honor of St. Lawrence, who suffered martyrdom by being broiled on gridiron; but the resemblance is very slight. It is nearly square, inclosing several courts, and has a projecting mass which stands for the handle.</note>

<h1>Escutcheon</h1>
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<hw>Es*cutch"eon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>escusson</ets>, F. <ets>\'82cusson</ets>, from OF. <ets>escu</ets> shield, F. <ets>\'82cu</ets>. See <er>Esquire</er>, <er>Scutcheon</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The surface, usually a shield, upon which bearings are marshaled and displayed. The surface of the escutcheon is called the <i>field</i>, the upper part is called the <i>chief</i>, and the lower part the <i>base</i> (see <er>Chiff</er>, and <er>Field</er>.). That side of the escutcheon which is on the right hand of the knight who bears the shield on his arm is called <i>dexter</i>, and the other side <i>sinister</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; The two sides of an escutcheon are respectively designated as <i>dexter</i> and <i>sinister</i>, as in the cut, and the different parts or points by the following names: <i>A</i>, Dexter chief point; <i>B</i>, Middle chief point; <i>C</i>, Sinister chief point; <i>D</i>, Honor or color point; <i>E</i>, Fesse or heart point; <i>F</i>, Nombrill or navel point; <i>G</i>, Dexter base point; <i>H</i>, Middle base point; <i>I</i>, base point.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A marking upon the back of a cow's udder and the space above it (the perineum), formed by the hair growing upward or outward instead of downward. It is esteemed an index of milking qualities.</def>

<i>C. L. Flint.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>That part of a vessel's stern on which her name is written.</def>

<i>R. H. Dane, Jr.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A thin metal plate or shield to protect wood, or for ornament, as the shield around a keyhole.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The depression behind the beak of certain bivalves; the ligamental area.</def>

<cs><col>Escutcheon of pretense</col>, <cd>an escutcheon used in English heraldry to display the arms of the bearer's wife; -- not commonly used unless she an heiress. Cf. <er>Impalement</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Escutcheoned</h1>
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<hw>Es*cutch"eoned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having an escutcheon; furnished with a coat of arms or ensign.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Ese</h1>
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<hw>Ese</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ease; pleasure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Esemplastic</h1>
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<hw>Es`em*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ into, to + <?/ one + <?/ molded, formed. See <er>Plastic</er>.]</ety> <def>Shaped into one; tending to, or formative into, unity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<--  p. 510  -->

<h1>Eserine</h1>
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<hw>Es"er*ine</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From native name of the Calabar bean: cf. F. <ets>\'82s\'82rine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid found in the Calabar bean, and the seed of <i>Physostigma venenosum</i>; physostigmine. It is used in ophthalmic surgery for its effect in contracting the pupil.</def>

<h1>Esexual</h1>
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<hw>E*sex"u*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>e-</ets> + <ets>sexual</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Sexless; asexual.</def>

<h1>Esguard</h1>
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<hw>Es*guard"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>esgart</ets> regard, F. <ets>\'82gard</ets>. See <er>Guard</er>.]</ety> <def>Guard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Eskar, &or; Esker</h1>
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<hw><hw>Es"kar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Es"ker</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Eschar</er>.</def>

<h1>Eskimo</h1>
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<hw>Es"ki*mo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Eskimos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Originally applied by the Algonquins to the Northern Indians, and meaning <ets>eaters of raw flesh</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>One of a peculiar race inhabiting Arctic America and Greenland. In many respects the Eskimos resemble the Mongolian race.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Esquimau</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Eskimo dog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of breed of large and powerful dogs used by the Eskimos to draw sledges. It closely resembles the gray wolf, with which it is often crossed.</cd></cs><-- husky? -->

<h1>Esloin</h1>
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<hw>Es*loin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Eloign</er>.]</ety> <def>To remove; to banish; to withdraw; to avoid; to eloign.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>From worldly cares he did himself <b>esloin</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Esnecy</h1>
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<hw>Es"ne*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Eigne</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A prerogative given to the eldest coparcener to choose first after an inheritance is divide.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Esodic</h1>
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<hw>E*sod"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ within + <?/ way.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Conveying impressions from the surface of the body to the spinal cord; -- said of certain nerves. Opposed to <i>exodic</i>.</def>

<h1>Esophagal</h1>
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<hw>E*soph"a*gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Esophageal.</def>

<h1>Esophageal</h1>
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<hw>E`so*phag"e*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the esophagus.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp><?/sophageal</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Esophagean</h1>
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<hw>E`so*phag"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Esophageal.</def>

<h1>Esophagotomy</h1>
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<hw>E*soph`a*got"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the esophagus + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of making an incision into the esophagus, for the purpose of removing any foreign substance that obstructs the passage.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>\'d2sophagotomy</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Esophagus</h1>
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<hw>E*soph"a*gus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; root of <?/ which is used as future of <?/ to bear, carry (cf. Skr. <ets>v\'c6</ets> to go, drive) + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>That part of the alimentary canal between the pharynx and the stomach; the gullet. See <i>Illust</i>. of <i>Digestive apparatus</i>, under <er>Digestive</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp><?/sophagus</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Esopian, Esopic</h1>
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<hw><hw>E*so"pi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E*so"pic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>\'92sopian</er>, <er>\'92sopic</er>.</def>

<h1>Esoteric</h1>
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<hw>Es`o*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ inner, interior, comp. fr. <?/ in, within, fr. <?/, <?/, into, fr. <?/ in. See <er>In</er>.]</ety> <def>Designed for, and understood by, the specially initiated alone; not communicated, or not intelligible, to the general body of followers; private; interior; acroamatic; -- said of the private and more recondite instructions and doctrines of philosophers. Opposed to <i>exoteric</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Enough if every age produce two or three critics of this <b>esoteric</b> class, with here and there a reader to understand them.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Esoterical</h1>
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<hw>Es`o*ter"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Esoteric.</def>

<h1>Esoterically</h1>
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<hw>Es`o*ter"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an esoteric manner.</def>

<h1>Esotericism</h1>
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<hw>Es`o*ter"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Esoteric doctrine or principles.</def>

<h1>Esoterics</h1>
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<hw>Es`o*ter"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mysterious or hidden doctrines; secret science.</def>

<h1>Esotery</h1>
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<hw>Es"o*ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mystery; esoterics; -- opposed to <i>exotery</i>.</def>

<i>A. Tucker.</i>

<h1>Esox</h1>
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<hw>E"sox</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a kind of pike.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fresh-water fishes, including pike and pickerel.</def>

<h1>Espace</h1>
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<hw>Es*pace"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Space.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Espadon</h1>
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<hw>Es"pa*don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>espadon</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>espadon</ets>, fr. <ets>espada</ets> sword; or fr. It. <ets>spadone</ets> an espadon, <ets>spada</ets> sword.]</ety> <def>A long, heavy, two-handed and two-edged sword, formerly used by Spanish foot soldiers and by executioners.</def>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<h1>Espalier</h1>
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<hw>Es*pal"ier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>espalier</ets>, fr. It. <ets>spalliera</ets>, fr. <ets>spalla</ets> shoulder, the same word as F. <ets>\'82paule</ets>. See <er>Epaulet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>A railing or trellis upon which fruit trees or shrubs are trained, as upon a wall; a tree or row of trees so trained.</def>

<blockquote>And figs from standard and <b>espalier</b> join.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Espalier</h1>
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<hw>Es*pal"ier</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Espaliered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Espaliering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To form an espalier of, or to protect by an espalier.</def>

<h1>Esparcet</h1>
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<hw>Es*par"cet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>esparcet</ets>, <ets>esparcette</ets>, <ets>\'82parcet</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>esparceta</ets>, <ets>esparcilla</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common sainfoin (<spn>Onobrychis sativa</spn>), an Old World leguminous forage plant.</def>

<h1>Esparto</h1>
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<hw>Es*par"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.; cf. L. <ets>spartum</ets> Spanish broom, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of Spanish grass (<spn>Macrochloa tenacissima</spn>), of which cordage, shoes, baskets, etc., are made. It is also used for making paper.</def>

<h1>Espauliere</h1>
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<hw>Es`pau`liere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. & F. <ets>\'82pauli\'8are</ets>. See <er>Espalier</er>.]</ety> <def>A defense for the shoulder, composed of flexible overlapping plates of metal, used in the 15th century; -- the origin of the modern <i>epaulette</i>.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Especial</h1>
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<hw>Es*pe"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>especial</ets>, F. <ets>sp\'82cial</ets>, L. <ets>specialis</ets>, fr. <ets>species</ets> a particular sort, kind, or quality. See <er>Species</er>, and cf. <er>Special</er>.]</ety> <def>Distinguished among others of the same class or kind; special; concerning a species or a single object; principal; particular; <as>as, in an <ex>especial</ex> manner or degree</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Peculiar; special; particular; uncommon; chief. See <er>Peculiar</er>.</syn>

<h1>Especially</h1>
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<hw>Es*pe"cial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an especial manner; chiefly; particularly; peculiarly; in an uncommon degree.</def>

<h1>Especialness</h1>
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<hw>Es*pe"cial*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being especial.</def>

<h1>Esperance</h1>
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<hw>Es"pe*rance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>esp\'82rance</ets>, fr. L. <ets>sperans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>sperare</ets> to hope.]</ety> <def>Hope.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Espiaille</h1>
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<hw>Es`pi*aille"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Espial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Espial</h1>
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<hw>Es*pi"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. & Norm. F. <ets>espiaille</ets>. See <er>Espy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of espying; notice; discovery.</def>

<blockquote>Screened from <b>espial</b> by the jutting cape.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who espies; a spy; a scout.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Their <i>espials</i> . . . brought word."

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Espier</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*pi"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who espies.</def>

<i>Harmar.</i>

<h1>Espinel</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es"pi*nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of ruby. See <er>Spinel</er>.</def>

<h1>Espionage</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es"pi*o*nage</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>espionnage</ets>, fr. <ets>espionner</ets> to spy, fr. <ets>espion</ets> spy, OF. <ets>espie</ets>. See <er>Espy</er>.]</ety> <def>The practice or employment of spies; the practice of watching the words and conduct of others, to make discoveries, as spies or secret emissaries; secret watching.</def>

<h1>Esplanade</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es`pla*nade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>esplanade</ets>, Sp. <ets>esplanada</ets>, <ets>explanada</ets>, cf. It. <ets>spianata</ets>; fr. Sp. <ets>explanar</ets> to level, L. <ets>explanare</ets> to flatten or spread out. See <er>Explain</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A clear space between a citadel and the nearest houses of the town.</def> <i>Campbell (Mil. Dict. )</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The glacis of the counterscarp, or the slope of the parapet of the covered way toward the country.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>A grass plat; a lawn.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any clear, level space used for public walks or drives; esp., a terrace by the seaside.</def>

<h1>Esplees</h1>
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<hw>Es*plees"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>expletia</ets>, OF. <ets>espleit</ets>. Cf. <er>Exploit</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The full profits or products which ground or land yields, as the hay of the meadows, the feed of the pasture, the grain of arable fields, the rents, services, and the like.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Espousage</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*pous"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Espousal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Espousal</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*pous"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>espousailles</ets>, pl., F. <ets>\'82pousailles</ets>, L. <ets>sponsalia</ets>, fr. <ets>sponsalis</ets> belonging to betrothal or espousal. See <er>Espouse</er>, and cf. <er>Sponsal</er>, <er>Spousal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of espousing or betrothing; especially, in the plural, betrothal; plighting of the troths; a contract of marriage; sometimes, the marriage ceremony.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The uniting or allying one's self with anything; maintenance; adoption; <as>as, the <ex>espousal</ex> of a quarrel</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The open <b>espousal</b> of his cause.
<i>Lord Orford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Espouse</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*pouse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Espoused</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Espousing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>espouser</ets>, <ets>esposer</ets>, F. <ets>\'82pouser</ets>, L. <ets>sponsare</ets> to betroth, espouse, fr. <ets>sponsus</ets> betrothed, p. p. of <ets>spondere</ets> to promise solemnly or sacredly. Cf. <er>Spouse</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To betroth; to promise in marriage; to give as spouse.</def>

<blockquote>A virgin <b>espoused</b> to a man whose name was Joseph.
<i>Luke i. 27.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take as spouse; to take to wife; to marry.</def>

<blockquote>Lavinia will I make my empress, . . .
And in the sacred Pantheon her <b>espouse</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take to one's self with a view to maintain; to make one's own; to take up the cause of; to adopt; to embrace.</def> "He <i>espoused</i> that quarrel."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Promised faithfully to <b>espouse</b> his cause as soon as he got out of the war.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Espousement</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*pouse"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>espousement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of espousing, or the state of being espoused.</def>

<h1>Espouser</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*pous"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who espouses; one who embraces the cause of another or makes it his own.</def>

<h1>Espressivo</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es`pres*si"vo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>With expression.</def>

<h1>Espringal</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*prin"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Springal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An engine of war used for throwing viretons, large stones, and other missiles; a springal.</def>

<h1>Esprit</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es`prit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Spirit</er>.]</ety> <def>Spirit.</def>

<cs><col>Esprit de corps</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <cd>a French phrase much used by English writers to denote the common spirit pervading the members of a body or association of persons. It implies sympathy, enthusiasm, devotion, and jealous regard for the honor of the body as a whole.</cd></cs>

<h1>Espy</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*py"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Espied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Espying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>espier</ets>, F. <ets>\'82pier</ets>, from OHG. <ets>speh<?/n</ets> to watch, spy, G. <ets>sp\'84hen</ets>; akin to L. <ets>specere</ets> to look, <ets>species</ets> sight, shape, appearance, kind. See <er>Spice</er>, <er>Spy</er>, and cf. <er>Espionage</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To catch sight of; to perceive with the eyes; to discover, as a distant object partly concealed, or not obvious to notice; to see at a glance; to discern unexpectedly; to spy; <as>as, to <ex>espy</ex> land; to <ex>espy</ex> a man in a crowd.</as></def>

<blockquote>As one of them opened his sack to give his ass provender in the inn, . . . he <b>espied</b> his money.
<i>Gen. xlii. 27.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A goodly vessel did I then <b>espy</b>
Come like a giant from a haven broad.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inspect narrowly; to examine and keep watch upon; to watch; to observe.</def>

<blockquote>He sends angels to <b>espy</b> us in all our ways.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To discern; discover; detect; descry; spy.</syn>

<h1>Espy</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*py"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To look or search narrowly; to look about; to watch; to take notice; to spy.</def>

<blockquote>Stand by the way, and <b>espy</b>.
<i>Jer. xlviii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Espy</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*py"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Espies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OF. <ets>espie</ets>. See <er>Espy</er>, v., <er>Spy</er>.]</ety> <def>A spy; a scout.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Huloet.</i>

<h1>-esque</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>-esque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>-isco</ets>. Cf. <er>-ish</er>.]</ety> <def>A suffix of certain words from the French, Italian, and Spanish. It denotes <i>manner</i> or <i>style</i>; <i>like</i>; <as>as, arab<ex>esque</ex>, after the manner of the Arabs</as>.</def>

<h1>Esquimau</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es"qui*mau</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Esquimaux</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Eskimo</er>.</def>

<blockquote>It is . . . an error to suppose that where an <b>Esquimau</b> can live, a civilized man can live also.
<i>McClintock.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Esquire</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*quire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>escuyer</ets>, <ets>escuier</ets>, properly, a shield-bearer, F. <ets>\'82cuyer</ets> shield-bearer, armor-bearer, squire of a knight, esquire, equerry, rider, horseman, LL. <ets>scutarius</ets> shield-bearer, fr. L. <ets>scutum</ets> shield, akin to Gr. <?/ skin, hide, from a root meaning <ets>to cover</ets>; prob. akin to E. <ets>hide</ets> to cover. See <er>Hide</er> to cover, and cf. <er>Equerry</er>, <er>Escutcheon</er>.]</ety> <def>Originally, a shield-bearer or armor-bearer, an attendant on a knight; in modern times, a title of dignity next in degree below <i>knight</i> and above <i>gentleman</i>; also, a title of office and courtesy; -- often shortened to <i>squire</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; In England, the title of <i>esquire</i> belongs by right of birth to the eldest sons of knights and their eldest sons in perpetual succession; to the eldest sons of younger sons of peers and their eldest sons in perpetual succession. It is also given to sheriffs, to justices of the peace while in commission, to those who bear special office in the royal household, to counselors at law, bachelors of divinity, law, or physic, and to others. In the United States the title is commonly given in courtesy to lawyers and justices of the peace, and is often used in the superscription of letters instead of <i>Mr</i>.</note>

<h1>Esquire</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*quire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Esquired</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Esquiring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To wait on as an esquire or attendant in public; to attend.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Esquisse</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es`quisse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Sketch</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The first sketch of a picture or model of a statue.</def>

<h1>-ess</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>-ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[OF. <ets>-esse</ets>, LL. <ets>-issa</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A suffix used to form feminine nouns; <as>as, actr<ex>ess</ex>, deacon<ex>ess</ex>, songstr<ex>ess</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Essay</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es"say</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Essays</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>essai</ets>, fr. L. <ets>exagium</ets> a weighing, weight, balance; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>agere</ets> to drive, do; cf. <ets>examen</ets>, <ets>exagmen</ets>, a means of weighing, a weighing, the tongue of a balance, <ets>exigere</ets> to drive out, examine, weigh, Gr. <grk>'exa`gion</grk> a weight, <grk>'exagia`zein</grk> to examine, <grk>'exa`gein</grk> to drive out, export. See <er>Agent</er>, and cf. <er>Exact</er>, <er>Examine</er>, <er>Assay</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An effort made, or exertion of body or mind, for the performance of anything; a trial; attempt; <as>as, to make an <ex>essay</ex> to benefit a friend</as>.</def> "The <i>essay</i> at organization."

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Lit.)</fld> <def>A composition treating of any particular subject; -- usually shorter and less methodical than a formal, finished treatise; <as>as, an <ex>essay</ex> on the life and writings of Homer; an <ex>essay</ex> on fossils, or on commerce.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An assay. See <er>Assay</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Attempt; trial; endeavor; effort; tract; treatise; dissertation; disquisition.</syn>

<h1>Essay</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*say"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Essayed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Essaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>essayer</ets>. See <er>Essay</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To exert one's power or faculties upon; to make an effort to perform; to attempt; to endeavor; to make experiment or trial of; to try.</def>

<blockquote>What marvel if I thus <b>essay</b> to sing?
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Essaying</b> nothing she can not perform.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A danger lest the young enthusiast . . . should <b>essay</b> the impossible.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To test the value and purity of (metals); to assay. See <er>Assay</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Essayer</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*say"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who essays.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Essayist</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es"say*ist</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of an essay, or of essays.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Essence</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es"sence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>essence</ets>, L. <ets>essentia</ets>, formed as if fr. a p. pr. of <ets>esse</ets> to be. See <er>Is</er>, and cf. <er>Entity</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The constituent elementary notions which constitute a complex notion, and must be enumerated to define it; sometimes called the <i>nominal essence</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The constituent quality or qualities which belong to any object, or class of objects, or on which they depend for being what they are (distinguished as <i>real essence</i>); the real being, divested of all logical accidents; that quality which constitutes or marks the true nature of anything; distinctive character; hence, virtue or quality of a thing, separated from its grosser parts.</def>

<blockquote>The laws are at present, both in form and <b>essence</b>, the greatest curse that society labors under.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Gifts and alms are the expressions, not the <b>essence</b> of this virtue [charity].
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>essence</b> of Addison's humor is irony.
<i>Courthope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Constituent substance.</def>

<blockquote>And uncompounded is their <b>essence</b> pure.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A being; esp., a purely spiritual being.</def>

<blockquote>As far as gods and heavenly <b>essences</b>
Can perish.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He had been indulging in fanciful speculations on spiritual <b>essences</b>, until . . . he had and ideal world of his own around him.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The predominant qualities or virtues of a plant or drug, extracted and refined from grosser matter; or, more strictly, the solution in spirits of wine of a volatile or essential oil; <as>as, the <ex>essence</ex> of mint, and the like</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The . . . word <b>essence</b> . . . scarcely underwent a more complete transformation when from being the abstract of the verb "to be," it came to denote something sufficiently concrete to be inclosed in a glass bottle.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Perfume; odor; scent; or the volatile matter constituting perfume.</def>

<blockquote>Nor let the <b>essences</b> exhale.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Essence</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es"sence</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Essenced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Essencing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To perfume; to scent.</def> "<i>Essenced</i> fops."

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Essene</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*sene"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Essenes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, lit., physicians, because they practiced medicine, fr. Chald <ets>\'besay\'be</ets> to heal, cf. Heb. <ets>as\'be</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of a sect among the Jews in the time of our Savior, remarkable for their strictness and abstinence.</def>

<h1>Essenism</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es"se*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine or the practices of the Essenes.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Essential</h1>
<Xpage=509>

<hw>Es*sen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>essentiel</ets>. See <er>Essence</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to the essence, or that which makes an object, or class of objects, what it is.</def>

<blockquote>Majestic as the voice sometimes became, there was forever in it an <b>essential</b> character of plaintiveness.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, really existing; existent.</def>

<blockquote>Is it true, that thou art but a a name,
And no <b>essential</b> thing?
<i>Webster (1623).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Important in the highest degree; indispensable to the attainment of an object; indispensably necessary.</def>

<blockquote>Judgment's more <b>essential</b> to a general
Than courage.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How to live? -- that is the <b>essential</b> question for us.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Containing the essence or characteristic portion of a substance, as of a plant; highly rectified; pure; hence, unmixed; <as>as, an <ex>essential</ex> oil</as>.</def> "Mine own <i>essential</i> horror."

<i>Ford.</i>

<hr>
<page="511">
Page 511<p>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Necessary; indispensable; -- said of those tones which constitute a chord, in distinction from ornamental or passing tones.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Idiopathic; independent of other diseases.</def>

<cs><col>Essential character</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the prominent characteristics which serve to distinguish one genus, species, etc., from another.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Essential disease</col>, <col>Essential fever</col></mcol> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>one that is not dependent on another.</cd> -- <col>Essential oils</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a class of volatile oils, extracted from plants, fruits, or flowers, having each its characteristic odor, and hot burning taste. They are used in essences, perfumery, etc., and include many varieties of compounds; as <stype>lemon oil</stype> is a terpene, <stype>oil of bitter almonds</stype> an aldehyde, <stype>oil of wintergreen</stype> an ethereal salt, etc.; -- called also <altname>volatile oils</altname> in distinction from the <i>fixed<i> or <i>nonvolatile<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Esential</h1>
<Xpage=511>

<hw>E*sen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Existence; being.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is essential; first or constituent principle; <as>as, the <ex>essentials</ex> or religion</as>.</def>

<h1>Essentiality</h1>
<Xpage=511>

<hw>Es*sen`ti*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being essential; the essential part.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Esentially</h1>
<Xpage=511>

<hw>E*sen"tial*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an essential manner or degree; in an indispensable degree; really; <as>as, <ex>essentially</ex> different</as>.</def>

<h1>Esentialness</h1>
<Xpage=511>

<hw>E*sen"tial*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Essentiality.</def>

<i>Ld. Digby.</i>

<h1>Essentiate</h1>
<Xpage=511>

<hw>Es*sen"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Essentiated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Essentiating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To form or constitute the essence or being of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Essentiate</h1>
<Xpage=511>

<hw>Es*sen"ti*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become assimilated; to be changed into the essence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Essoin &or; Essoign</h1>
<Xpage=511>

<hw><hw>Es*soin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> &or; <hw>Es*soign</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>essoine</ets>, <ets>essoigne</ets>, F. <ets>exoine</ets>, L. <ets>essonia</ets>, <ets>exonia</ets>; pref. <ets>ex-</ets> (L. <ets>ex</ets> from) + <ets>sunnis</ets>, <ets>sunnia</ets>, <ets>sonia</ets>, hindrance, excuse. Cf. Icel. <ets>syn</ets> refusal, <ets>synja</ets> to deny, refuse, Goth. <ets>sunja</ets> truth, <ets>sunj&omac;n</ets> to justify, OS. <ets>sunnea</ets> impediment, OHG. <ets>sunna</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>An excuse for not appearing in court at the return of process; the allegation of an excuse to the court.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Excuse; exemption.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>From every work he challenged <b>essoin</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Essoin day</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>the first general return day of the term, on which the court sits to receive essoins.</cd></cs>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Essoin</h1>
<Xpage=511>

<hw>Es*soin"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>essoinier</ets>, <ets>essoignier</ets>, <ets>essonier</ets>, LL. <ets>essoniare</ets>, <ets>exoniare</ets>. See <er>Essoin</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To excuse for nonappearance in court.</def> "I 'll not <i>essoin</i> thee."

<i>Quarles.</i>

<h1>Essoiner</h1>
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<hw>Es*soin"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>An attorney who sufficiently excuses the absence of another.</def>

<h1>Essonite</h1>
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<hw>Es"so*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from Gr. <?/ inferior, because not so hard as some minerals it resembles, <ets>e</ets>. <ets>g</ets>., hyacinth.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Cinnamon stone, a variety of garnet. See <er>Garnet</er>.</def>

<h1>Essorant</h1>
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<hw>Es"so*rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Standing, but with the wings spread, as if about to fly; -- said of a bird borne as a charge on an escutcheon.</def>

<h1>Est</h1>
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<hw>Est</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & adv.</tt> <def>East.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>-est</h1>
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<hw>-est</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[AS. <ets>-ost</ets>, <ets>-est</ets>; akin to G. <ets>-est</ets>, <ets>-ist</ets>, Icel. <ets>-astr</ets>, <ets>-str</ets>, Goth. <ets>-ists</ets>, <ets>-<?/sts</ets>, Skr. <ets>-ish<?/ha</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs; <as>as, smooth<ex>est</ex>; earl(y)i<ex>est</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Establish</h1>
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<hw>Es*tab"lish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Established</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Establishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>establissen</ets>, OF. <ets>establir</ets>, F. <ets>\'82tablir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>stabilire</ets>, fr. <ets>stabilis</ets> firm, steady, stable. See <er>Stable</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>-ish</er>, and cf. <er>Stablish</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make stable or firm; to fix immovably or firmly; to set (a thing) in a place and make it stable there; to settle; to confirm.</def>

<blockquote>So were the churches <b>established</b> in the faith.
<i>Acts xvi. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The best <b>established</b> tempers can scarcely forbear being borne down.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Confidence which must precede union could be <b>established</b> only by consummate prudence and self-control.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To appoint or constitute for permanence, as officers, laws, regulations, etc.; to enact; to ordain.</def>

<blockquote>By the consent of all, we were <b>established</b>
The people's magistrates.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now, O king, <b>establish</b> the decree, and sign the writing, that it be not changed.
<i>Dan. vi. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To originate and secure the permanent existence of; to found; to institute; to create and regulate; -- said of a colony, a state, or other institutions.</def>

<blockquote>He hath <b>established</b> it [the earth], he created it not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited.
<i>Is. xlv. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood, and <b>establisheth</b> a city by iniquity!
<i>Hab. ii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To secure public recognition in favor of; to prove and cause to be accepted as true; <as>as, to <ex>establish</ex> a fact, usage, principle, opinion, doctrine, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>At the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall the matter be <b>established</b>.
<i>Deut. xix. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To set up in business; to place advantageously in a fixed condition; -- used reflexively; <as>as, he <ex>established</ex> himself in a place; the enemy <ex>established</ex> themselves in the citadel.</as></def>

<h1>Establisher</h1>
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<hw>Es*tab"lish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who establishes.</def>

<h1>Establishment</h1>
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<hw>Es*tab"lish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>establissement</ets>, F. <ets>\'82tablissement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of establishing; a ratifying or ordaining; settlement; confirmation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being established, founded, and the like; fixed state.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is established; as: <sd>(a)</sd> A form of government, civil or ecclesiastical; especially, a system of religion maintained by the civil power; <as>as, the Episcopal <ex>establishment</ex> of England</as>. <sd>(b)</sd> A permanent civil, military, or commercial, force or organization. <sd>(c)</sd> The place in which one is permanently fixed for residence or business; residence, including grounds, furniture, equipage, etc.; with which one is fitted out; also, any office or place of business, with its fixtures; that which serves for the carrying on of a business; <as>as, to keep up a large <ex>establishment</ex>; a manufacturing <ex>establishment</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Exposing the shabby parts of the <b>establishment</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Establishment of the port</col> <fld>(Hydrography)</fld>, <cd>a datum on which the tides are computed at the given port, obtained by observation, viz., the interval between the moon's passage over the meridian and the time of high water at the port, on the days of new and full moon.</cd></cs>

<h1>Establishmentarian</h1>
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<hw>Es*tab`lish*men*ta"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who regards the Church primarily as an establishment formed by the State, and overlooks its intrinsic spiritual character.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Estacade</h1>
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<hw>Es`ta*cade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.; cf. It. <ets>steccata</ets>, Sp. <ets>estacada</ets>. Cf. <er>Stake</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A dike of piles in the sea, a river, etc., to check the approach of an enemy.</def>

<h1>Estafet, Estafette</h1>
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<hw><hw>Es`ta*fet"</hw>, <hw>Es`ta*fette"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>estafette</ets>, cf. Sp. <ets>estafeta</ets>; fr. It. <ets>stafetta</ets>, fr. <ets>staffa</ets> stirrup, fr. OHG. <ets>stapho</ets> footstep, footprint, G. <ets>stapfe</ets>; akin to E. <ets>step</ets>.]</ety> <def>A courier who conveys messages to another courier; a military courier sent from one part of an army to another.</def>

<h1>Estancia</h1>
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<hw>Es*tan"ci*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. See <er>Stanza</er>.]</ety> <def>A grazing; a country house.</def> <mark>[Spanish America]</mark>

<h1>Estate</h1>
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<hw>Es*tate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>estat</ets>, F. <ets>\'82tat</ets>, L. <ets>status</ets>, fr. <ets>stare</ets> to stand. See <er>Stand</er>, and cf. <er>State</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Settled condition or form of existence; state; condition or circumstances of life or of any person; situation.</def> "When I came to man's <i>estate</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low <b>estate</b>.
<i>Romans xii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Social standing or rank; quality; dignity.</def>

<blockquote>God hath imprinted his authority in several parts, upon several <b>estates</b> of men.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person of high rank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She's a duchess, a great <b>estate</b>.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief <b>estates</b> of Galilee.
<i>Mark vi. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A property which a person possesses; a fortune; possessions, esp. property in land; also, property of all kinds which a person leaves to be divided at his death.</def>

<blockquote>See what a vast <b>estate</b> he left his son.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The state; the general body politic; the common-wealth; the general interest; state affairs.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I call matters of <b>estate</b> not only the parts of sovereignty, but whatsoever . . . concerneth manifestly any great portion of people.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The great classes or orders of a community or state (as the clergy, the nobility, and the commonalty of England) or their representatives who administer the government; <as>as, the <ex>estates</ex> of the realm (England), which are (1) the lords spiritual, (2) the lords temporal, (3) the commons</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The degree, quality, nature, and extent of one's interest in, or ownership of, lands, tenements, etc.; <as>as, an <ex>estate</ex> for life, for years, at will, etc.</as></def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<cs><col>The fourth estate</col>, <cd>a name often given to the public press.</cd></cs>

<h1>Estate</h1>
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<hw>Es*tate"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To establish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. &  Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tom settle as a fortune.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To endow with an estate.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Then would I . . .
<b>Estate</b> them with large land and territory.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Estatlich, Estatly</h1>
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<hw><hw>Es*tat"lich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Es"tat*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE.]</ety> <def>Stately; dignified.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Esteem</h1>
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<hw>Es*teem"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Esteemed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Esteeming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>estimer</ets>, L. <ets>aestimare</ets>, <ets>aestumare</ets>, to value, estimate; perh. akin to Skr. <ets>ish</ets> to seek, strive, and E. <ets>ask</ets>. Cf. <er>Aim</er>, <er>Estimate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To set a value on; to appreciate the worth of; to estimate; to value; to reckon.</def>

<blockquote>Then he forsook God, which made him, and lightly <b>esteemed</b> the Rock of his salvation.
<i>Deut. xxxii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou shouldst (gentle reader) <b>esteem</b> his censure and authority to be of the more weighty credence.
<i>Bp. Gardiner.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Famous men, -- whose scientific attainments were <b>esteemed</b> hardly less than supernatural.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To set a high value on; to prize; to regard with reverence, respect, or friendship.</def>

<blockquote>Will he <b>esteem</b> thy riches?
<i>Job xxxvi. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You talk kindlier: we <b>esteem</b> you for it.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To estimate; appreciate; regard; prize; value; respect; revere. See <er>Appreciate</er>, <er>Estimate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Esteem</h1>
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<hw>Es*teem"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form an estimate; to have regard to the value; to consider.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We ourselves <b>esteem</b> not of that obedience, or love, or gift, which is of force.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Esteem</h1>
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<hw>Es*teem"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>estime</ets>. See <er>Esteem</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Estimation; opinion of merit or value; hence, valuation; reckoning; price.</def>

<blockquote>Most dear in the <b>esteem</b>
And poor in worth!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will deliver you, in ready coin,
The full and dear'st <b>esteem</b> of what you crave.
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>High estimation or value; great regard; favorable opinion, founded on supposed worth.</def>

<blockquote>Nor should thy prowess want praise and <b>esteem</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Estimate</er>, <tt>n.</tt></syn>

<h1>Esteemable</h1>
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<hw>Es*teem"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worthy of esteem; estimable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Esteemable</i> qualities."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Esteemer</h1>
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<hw>Es*teem"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who esteems; one who sets a high value on any thing.</def>

<blockquote>The proudest <b>esteemer</b> of his own parts.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ester</h1>
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<hw>Es"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A word invented by L. Gmelin, a German chemist.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An ethereal salt, or compound ether, consisting of an organic radical united with the residue of any oxygen acid, organic or inorganic; thus the natural fats are <i>esters</i> of glycerin and the fatty acids, oleic, etc.</def>

<h1>Esthesiometer</h1>
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<hw>Es*the`si*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>\'92sthesiometer</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Esthete, n.; Esthetic </, a., Esthetical </, a., Esthetics</h1>
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<hw>Es"thete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <hw>Es*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>Es*thet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>Es*thet"ics</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> etc.</mhw> <def>Same as <er>\'92sthete</er>, <er>\'92sthetic</er>, <er>\'92sthetical</er>, <er>\'92sthetics</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Estiferous</h1>
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<hw>Es*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aestifer</ets>; <ets>aestus</ets> fire + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Producing heat.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Estimable</h1>
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<hw>Es"ti*ma*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>estimable</ets>, or L. <ets>aestimabilis</ets>. See <er>Esteem</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being estimated or valued; <as>as, <ex>estimable</ex> damage</as>.</def>

<i>Paley. .</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Valuable; worth a great price.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A pound of man's flesh, taken from a man,
Is not so <b>estimable</b>, profitable neither,
As flesh of muttons, beefs, or goats.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Worth of esteem or respect; deserving our good opinion or regard.</def>

<blockquote>A lady said of her two companions, that one was more amiable, the other more <b>estimable</b>.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Estimable</h1>
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<hw>Es"ti*ma*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thing worthy of regard.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>One of the peculiar <b>estimables</b> of her country.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Estimableness</h1>
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<hw>Es"ti*ma*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of deserving esteem or regard.</def>

<h1>Estimably</h1>
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<hw>Es"ti*ma*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an estimable manner.</def>

<h1>Estimate</h1>
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<hw>Es"ti*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Estimated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Estimating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>aestimatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aestimare</ets>. See <er>Esteem</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To judge and form an opinion of the value of, from imperfect data, -- either the extrinsic (money), or intrinsic (moral), value; to fix the worth of roughly or in a general way; <as>as, to <ex>estimate</ex> the value of goods or land; to <ex>estimate</ex> the worth or talents of a person.</as></def>

<blockquote>It is by the weight of silver, and not the name of the piece, that men <b>estimate</b> commodities and exchange them.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is always very difficult to <b>estimate</b> the age in which you are living.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To from an opinion of, as to amount,, number, etc., from imperfect data, comparison, or experience; to make an estimate of; to calculate roughly; to rate; <as>as, to <ex>estimate</ex> the cost of a trip, the number of feet in a piece of land</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To appreciate; value; appraise; prize; rate; esteem; count; calculate; number. -- To <er>Estimate</er>, <er>Esteem</er>. Both these words imply an exercise of the judgment. <i>Estimate</i> has reference especially to the external relations of things, such as amount, magnitude, importance, etc. It usually involves computation or calculation; <as>as, to <ex>estimate</ex> the loss or gain of an enterprise</as>. <i>Esteem</i> has reference to the intrinsic or moral worth of a person or thing. Thus, we <i>esteem</i> a man for his kindness, or his uniform integrity. In this sense it implies a mingled sentiment of respect and attachment. We <i>esteem</i> it an honor to live in a free country. See <er>Appreciate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Estimate</h1>
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<hw>Es"ti*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A valuing or rating by the mind, without actually measuring, weighing, or the like; rough or approximate calculation; <as>as, an <ex>estimate</ex> of the cost of a building, or of the quantity of water in a pond</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Weigh success in a moral balance, and our whole <b>estimate</b> is changed.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Estimate</er>, <er>Estimation</er>, <er>Esteem</er>.</syn> <usage> The noun <i>estimate</i>, like its verb, supposes chiefly an exercise of judgment in determining the amount, importance, or magnitude of things, with their other exterior relations; <as>as, an <ex>estimate</ex> of expenses incurred; a true <ex>estimate</ex> of life, etc.</as> <i>Esteem</i> is a moral sentiment made up of respect and attachment, -- the valuation of a person as possessing useful qualities or real worth. Thus we speak of the <i>esteem</i> of the wise and good as a thing greatly to be desired. <i>Estimation</i> seems to waver between the two. In our version of the Scriptures it is used simply for <i>estimate</i>; as, "If he be poorer than thy <i>estimation</i>." <i>Lev. xxvii. 8</i>. In other cases, it verges toward <i>esteem</i>; <as>as, "I know him to be of worth and worthy <ex>estimation</ex>." <i>Shak</i>.</as> It will probably settle down at last on this latter sense. "<i>Esteem</i> is the value we place upon some degree of worth. It is higher than simple approbation, which is a decision of judgment. It is the commencement of affection." <i>Gogan.</i>

<blockquote>No; dear as freedom is, and in my heart's
Just <b>estimation</b> prized above all price.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>
</usage>

<h1>Estimation</h1>
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<hw>Es`ti*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aestimatio</ets>, fr. <ets>aestimare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>estimation</ets>. See <er>Esteem</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of estimating.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An opinion or judgment of the worth, extent, or quantity of anything, formed without using precise data; valuation; <as>as, <ex>estimations</ex> of distance, magnitude, amount, or moral qualities</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If he be poorer that thy <b>estimation</b>, then he shall present himself before the priest, and the priest, and the priest shall value him.
<i>Lev. xxvii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Favorable opinion; esteem; regard; honor.</def>

<blockquote>I shall have <b>estimation</b> among multitude, and honor with the elders.
<i>Wisdom viii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Supposition; conjecture.</def>

<blockquote>I speak not this in <b>estimation</b>,
As what I think might be, but what I know.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Estimate; calculation; computation; appraisement; esteem; honor; regard. See <er>Estimate</er>, <tt>n.</tt></syn>

<h1>Estimative</h1>
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<hw>Es"ti*ma*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>estimatif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclined, or able, to estimate; serving for, or capable of being used in, estimating.</def>

<blockquote>We find in animals an <b>estimative</b> or judicial faculty.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to an estimate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Estimator</h1>
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<hw>Es"ti*ma`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aestimator</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who estimates or values; a valuer.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<mhw><h1>Estival, a., Estivate </, v. i., Estivation</h1>
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<hw>Es"ti*val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>Es"ti*vate</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, <hw>Es`ti*va"tion</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></mhw> <def>Same as <er>\'92stival</er>, <er>\'92stivate</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Estoile</h1>
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<hw>Es`toile"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A six-pointed star whose rays are wavy, instead of straight like those of a mullet.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>\'82toile</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Estoile of eight points</col>, <cd>a star which has four straight and four wavy rays.</cd> -- <col>Estoile of four points</col>. <cd>Same as <i>Cross estoil\'82<i>, under <er>Cross</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Estop</h1>
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<hw>Es*top"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Estophed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Estopping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>estoper</ets> to stop, plug, close, F. <ets>\'82touper</ets>, LL. <ets>stuppare</ets> to close with tow, obstruct, fr. L.  <ets>stuppa</ets> tow, oakum, cf. Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Stop</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To impede or bar by estoppel.</def>

<blockquote>A party will be <b>estopped</b> by his admissions, where his intent is to influence another, or derive an advantage to himself.
<i>Abbott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Estoppel</h1>
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<hw>Es*top"pel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Estop</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A stop; an obstruction or bar to one's alleging or denying a fact contrary to his own previous action, allegation, or denial; an admission, by words or conduct, which induces another to purchase rights, against which the party making such admission can not take a position inconsistent with the admission.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The agency by which the law excludes evidence to dispute certain admissions, which the policy of the law treats as indisputable.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i> <i>Stephen.</i> <i>Burrill.</i>

<hr>
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Page 512<p>

<h1>Estovers</h1>
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<hw>Es*to"vers</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>estoveir</ets>, <ets>estovoir</ets>, necessary, necessity, need, prop. an infin. meaning to suit, be fit, be necessary. See <er>Stover</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Necessaries or supples; an allowance to a person out of an estate or other thing for support; as of wood to a tenant for life, etc., of sustenance to a man confined for felony of his estate, or alimony to a woman divorced out of her husband's estate.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><col>Common of estovers</col>. <cd>See under <er>Common</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Estrade</h1>
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<hw>Es`trade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Sp. <ets>estrado</ets>, orig., a carpet on the floor of a room, also, a carpeted platform, fr. L. <ets>stratum</ets> bed covering. See <er>Stratum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A portion of the floor of a room raised above the general level, as a place for a bed or a throne; a platform; a dais.</def>

<blockquote>He [the teacher] himself should have his desk on a mounted <b>estrade</b> or platform.
<i>J. G. Fitch.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Estramacon</h1>
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<hw>Es`tra`ma`con"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A straight, heavy sword with two edges, used in the 16th and 17th centuries.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A blow with edge of a sword.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Estrange</h1>
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<hw>Es*trange"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Estranged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Estranging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>estrangier</ets> to remove, F. <ets>\'82tranger</ets>, L. <ets>extraneare</ets> to treat as a stranger, from <ets>extraneus</ets> strange. See <er>Strange</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To withdraw; to withhold; hence, reflexively, to keep at a distance; to cease to be familiar and friendly with.</def>

<blockquote>We must <b>estrange</b> our belief from everything which is not clearly and distinctly evidenced.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Had we . . . <b>estranged</b> ourselves from them in things indifferent.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To divert from its original use or purpose, or from its former possessor; to alienate.</def>

<blockquote>They . . . have <b>estranged</b> this place, and have burned incense in it unto other gods.
<i>Jer. xix. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To alienate the affections or confidence of; to turn from attachment to enmity or indifference.</def>

<blockquote>I do not know, to this hour, what it is that has <b>estranged</b> him from me.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He . . . had pretended to be <b>estranged</b> from the Whigs, and had promised to act as a spy upon them.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Estrangedness</h1>
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<hw>Es*tran"ged*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being estranged; estrangement.</def>

<i>Prynne.</i>

<h1>Estrangement</h1>
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<hw>Es*trange"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>estrangement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of estranging, or the state of being estranged; alienation.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>estrangement</b> from God.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A long <b>estrangement</b> from better things.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Estranger</h1>
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<hw>Es*tran"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who estranges.</def>

<h1>Estrangle</h1>
<Xpage=512>

<hw>Es*tran"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To strangle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Estrapade</h1>
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<hw>Es`tra*pade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>The action of a horse, when, to get rid of his rider, he rears, plunges, and kicks furiously.</def>

<h1>Estray</h1>
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<hw>Es*tray"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To stray.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Estray</h1>
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<hw>Es*tray"</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Any valuable animal, not wild, found wandering from its owner; a stray.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Estre</h1>
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<hw>Es"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>estre</ets> state, plan.]</ety> <def>The inward part of a building; the interior.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Estreat</h1>
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<hw>Es*treat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>estraite</ets>, prop., an extract, fr. p. p. of <ets>estraire</ets> to extract, F. <ets>extraire</ets>, fr. L.<ets>extrahere</ets>. See <er>Extract</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A true copy, duplicate, or extract of an original writing or record, esp. of amercements or penalties set down in the rolls of court to be levied by the bailiff, or other officer.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<cs><col>Estreat of a recognizance</col>, <cd>the extracting or taking out a forfeited recognizance from among the other records of the court, for the purpose of a prosecution in another court, or it may be in the same court.</cd></cs>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Estreat</h1>
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<hw>Es*treat"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Estreated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Estreating</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To extract or take out from the records of a court, and send up to the court of exchequer to be enforced; -- said of a forfeited recognizance.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To bring in to the exchequer, as a fine.</def>

<h1>Estrepe</h1>
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<hw>Es*trepe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>estreper</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To strip or lay bare, as land of wood, houses, etc.; to commit waste.</def>

<h1>Estrepement</h1>
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<hw>Es*trepe"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF., damage, waste.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A destructive kind of waste, committed by a tenant for life, in lands, woods, or houses.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Estrich</h1>
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<hw>Es"trich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Ostrich.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The down of the ostrich.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Estuance</h1>
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<hw>Es"tu*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>aestuans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>aestuare</ets>. See <er>Estuate</er>.]</ety> <def>Heat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Estuarine</h1>
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<hw>Es"tu*a*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an estuary; estuary.</def>

<h1>Estuary</h1>
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<hw>Es"tu*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Estuaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>aestuarium</ets>, from <ets>aestuare</ets> to surge. See <er>Estuate</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>\'91stuary</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A place where water boils up; a spring that wells forth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A passage, as the mouth of a river or lake, where the tide meets the current; an arm of the sea; a frith.</def>

<blockquote>it to the sea was often by long and wide <b>estuaries</b>.
<i>Dana.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Estuary</h1>
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<hw>Es"tu*a*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to, or formed in, an estuary; <as>as, <ex>estuary</ex> strata</as>.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<h1>Estuate</h1>
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<hw>Es"tu*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Estuated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Estuating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>aestuare</ets> to be in violent motion, to boil up, burn, fr. <ets>aestus</ets> boiling or undulating motion, fire, glow, heat; akin to Gr.<?/ to burn. See <er>Ether</er>.]</ety> <def>To boil up; to swell and rage; to be agitated.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Estuation</h1>
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<hw>Es`tu*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aestuatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of estuating; commotion, as of a fluid; agitation.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>estuations</b> of joys and fears.
<i>W. Montagu.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Estufa</h1>
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<hw>Es*tu"fa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Estufas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp., a stove, a warm room. Cf. <er>Stove</er>.]</ety> <def>An assembly room in dwelling of the Pueblo Indians.</def>

<i>L. H. Morgan.</i>

<h1>Esture</h1>
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<hw>Es"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Estuate</er>.]</ety> <def>Commotion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Esurient</h1>
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<hw>E*su"ri*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>esuriens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>ensurire</ets>, fr. <ets>edere</ets> to eat.]</ety> <def>Inclined to eat; hungry; voracious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Bailey</i>. "Poor, but <i>esurient</i>."

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Esurient</h1>
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<hw>E*su"ri*ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is hungry or greedy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>An insatiable <b>esurient</b> after riches.
<i>Wood.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Esurine</h1>
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<hw>Es"u*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Esurient</er>.]</ety> <def>Causing hunger; eating; corroding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Esurine</h1>
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<hw>Es"u*rine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine which provokes appetites, or causes hunger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>-et</h1>
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<hw>-et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>-et</ets>, masc., <ets>-ette</ets>, fem. Cf. <er>-let</er>.]</ety> <def>A noun suffix with a diminutive force; as in baron<i>et</i>, pock<i>et</i>, fac<i>et</i>, flower<i>et</i>, latch<i>et</i>.</def>

<h1>Etaac</h1>
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<hw>E*taac"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The blue buck.</def>

<h1>Etacism</h1>
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<hw>E"ta*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the letter <?/, <?/. Cf. <er>Itacism</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Greek Gram.)</fld> <def>The pronunciation of the Greek &eta; (eta) like the Italian <it>e</it> long, that is like <it>a</it> in the English word <it>ate.</it> See <er>Itacism</er>.</def>

<h1>Etacist</h1>
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<hw>E"ta*cist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who favors etacism.</def>

<h1>\'90tag\'8are</h1>
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<hw>\'90`ta`g\'8are"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>\'82tager</ets> to arrange on shelves, fr. <ets>\'82tage</ets> story, floor. See <er>Stage</er>.]</ety> <def>A piece of furniture having a number of uninclosed shelves or stages, one above another, for receiving articles of elegance or use.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>\'90tat Major</h1>
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<hw>\'90`tat" Ma`jor"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., fr. <ets>\'82tat</ets> state + L. <ets>major</ets> greater.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The staff of an army, including all officers above the rank of colonel, also, all adjutants, inspectors, quartermasters, commissaries, engineers, ordnance officers, paymasters, physicians, signal officers, judge advocates; also, the noncommissioned assistants of the above officers.</def>

<h1>Et cetera, Et c\'91tera</h1>
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<hw><hw>Et` cet"e*ra</hw>, <hw>Et` c\'91t"e*ra</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>et</ets> and + <ets>caetera</ets> other things.]</ety> <def>Others of the like kind; and the rest; and so on; -- used to point out that <i>other things</i> which could be mentioned are to be understood. Usually abbreviated into <it>etc.</it> or &c. (<it>&c</it>).</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Etch</h1>
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<hw>Etch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A variant of <er>Eddish</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Etch</h1>
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<hw>Etch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Etched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Etching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D. <ets>etsen</ets>, G. <ets>\'84tzen</ets> to feed, corrode, etch. MHG. <ets>etzen</ets>, causative of <ets>ezzen</ets> to eat, G. <ets>essen</ets> <?/<?/. See <er>Eat</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To produce, as figures or designs, on mental, glass, or the like, by means of lines or strokes eaten in or corroded by means of some strong acid.</def>

<note>&hand; The plate is first covered with varnish, or some other ground capable of resisting the acid, and this is then scored or scratched with a needle, or similar instrument, so as to form the drawing; the plate is then covered with acid, which corrodes the metal in the lines thus laid bare.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To subject to etching; to draw upon and bite with acid, as a plate of metal.</def>

<blockquote>I was <b>etching</b> a plate at the beginning of 1875.
<i>Hamerton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To sketch; to delineate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>There are many empty terms to be found in some learned writes, to which they had recourse to <b>etch</b> out their system.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Etch</h1>
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<hw>Etch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To practice etching; to make etchings.</def>

<h1>Etcher</h1>
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<hw>Etch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who etches.</def>

<h1>Etching</h1>
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<hw>Etch"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act, art, or practice of engraving by means of acid which eats away lines or surfaces left unprotected in metal, glass, or the like. See <er>Etch</er>, <i>v. t.</i></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A design carried out by means of the above process; a pattern on metal, glass, etc., produced by etching.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An impression on paper, parchment, or other material, taken in ink from an etched plate.</def>

<cs><col>Etching figures</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>markings produced on the face of a crystal by the action of an appropriate solvent. They have usually a definite form, and are important as revealing the molecular structure.</cd> -- <col>Etching needle</col>, <cd>a sharp-pointed steel instrument with which lines are drawn in the ground or varnish in etching.</cd> -- <col>Etching stitch</col> <fld>(Needlework)</fld>, <cd>a stitch used outline embroidery.</cd></cs>

<h1>Eteostic</h1>
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<hw>E`te*os"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, year + <?/ row.]</ety> <def>A kind of chronogram.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Eterminable</h1>
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<hw>E*ter"mi*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>e-</ets> + <ets>terminable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Interminable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Etern &or; Eterne</h1>
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<hw><hw>E*tern"</hw> &or; <hw>E*terne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>eterne</ets>, L. <ets>aeternus</ets>, for <ets>aeviturnus</ets>, fr. <ets>aevum</ets> age. See <er>Age</er>, and cf. <er>Eternal</er>.]</ety> <def>Eternal.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Built up to <b>eterne</b> significance.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eternal</h1>
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<hw>E*ter"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82ternel</ets>, L. <ets>aeternalis</ets>, fr. <ets>aeternus</ets>. See <er>Etern</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Without beginning or end of existence; always existing.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>eternal</b> God is thy refuge.
<i>Deut. xxxiii. 27.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To know wether there were any real being, whose duration has been <b>eternal</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without end of existence or duration; everlasting; endless; immortal.</def>

<blockquote>That they may also obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus, with <b>eternal</b> glory.
<i>2 Tim. ii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Continued without intermission; perpetual; ceaseless; constant.</def>

<blockquote>And fires <b>eternal</b> in thy temple shine.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Existing at all times without change; immutable.</def>

<blockquote>Hobbes believed the <b>eternal</b> truths which he opposed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What are the <b>eternal</b> objects of poetry among all nations, and at all times?
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Exceedingly great or bad; -- used as a strong intensive.</def> "Some <i>eternal</i> villain."

<cs><col>The Eternal City</col>, <cd>an appellation of Rome.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Everlasting; endless; infinite; ceaseless; perpetual; interminable. See <er>Everlasting</er>.</syn>

<h1>Eternal</h1>
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<hw>E*ter"nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the appellations of God.</def>

<blockquote>Law whereby the <b>Eternal</b> himself doth work.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is endless and immortal.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Eternalist</h1>
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<hw>E*ter"nal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who holds the existence of matter to be from eternity.</def>

<i>T. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Eternalize</h1>
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<hw>E*ter"nal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make eternal.</def>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Eternally</h1>
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<hw>E*ter"nal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an eternal manner.</def>

<blockquote>That which is morally good or evil at any time or in any case, must be also <b>eternally</b> and unchangeably so.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where western gales <b>eternally</b> reside.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eterne</h1>
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<hw>E*terne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Etern</er>.</def>

<h1>Eternify</h1>
<Xpage=512>

<hw>E*ter"ni*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make eternal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Fame . . . <b>eternifies</b> the name.
<i>Mir. for Mag.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eternity</h1>
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<hw>E*ter"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Eternities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>\'82ternit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>aeternitas</ets>, fr. <ets>aeternus</ets>. See <er>Etern</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Infinite duration, without beginning in the past or end in the future; also, duration without end in the future; endless time.</def>

<blockquote>The high and lofty One, that inhabiteth <b>eternity</b>.
<i>Is. lvii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Condition which begins at death; immortality.</def>

<blockquote>Thou know'st 't is common; all that lives must die,
Passing through nature to <b>eternity</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eternization</h1>
<Xpage=512>

<hw>E*ter`ni*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of eternizing; the act of rendering immortal or famous.</def>

<h1>Eternize</h1>
<Xpage=512>

<hw>E*ter"nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Eternized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Eterniziing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82terniser</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make eternal or endless.</def>

<blockquote>This other [gift] served but to <b>eternize</b> woe.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make forever famous; to immortalize; <as>as, to <ex>eternize</ex> one's self, a name, exploits</as>.</def>

<blockquote>St. Alban's battle won by famous York,
Shall be <b>eternized</b> in all age to come.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Etesian</h1>
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<hw>E*te"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>etesiae</ets>, pl., periodic winds, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ year: cf. F. <ets>\'82t\'82sien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Periodical; annual; -- applied to winds which annually blow from the north over the Mediterranean, esp. the eastern part, for an irregular period during July and August.</def>

<h1>Ethal</h1>
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<hw>Eth"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Eth</ets>er + <ets>al</ets>cohol: cf. F. <ets>\'82thal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white waxy solid, <chform>C16H33.OH</chform>; -- called also <altname>cetylic alcohol</altname>. See <cref>Cetylic alcohol</cref>, under <er>Cetylic</er>.</def>
<-- usu. called cetyl alcohol. -->

<h1>Ethane</h1>
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<hw>Eth"ane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Ether</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A gaseous hydrocarbon, <chform>C2H6</chform>, forming a constituent of ordinary illuminating gas. It is the second member of the paraffin series, and its most important derivatives are common alcohol, aldehyde, ether, and acetic acid. Called also <altname>dimethyl</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ethe</h1>
<Xpage=512>

<hw>Ethe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Eath</er>.]</ety> <def>Easy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Ethel</h1>
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<hw>Eth"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>e<?/ele</ets>, <ets>\'91<?/ele</ets>. See <er>Atheling</er>.]</ety> <def>Noble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ethene</h1>
<Xpage=512>

<hw>Eth"ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Ethylene; olefiant gas.</def>

<h1>Ethenic</h1>
<Xpage=512>

<hw>E*then"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from. or resembling, ethene or ethylene; <as>as, <ex>ethenic</ex> ether</as>.</def>

<h1>Ethenyl</h1>
<Xpage=512>

<hw>Eth"e*nyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ethene</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A trivalent hydrocarbon radical, <chform>CH3.C</chform>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A univalent hydrocarbon radical of the ethylene series, <chform>CH2:CH</chform>; -- called also <altname>vinyl</altname></def>. See <er>Vinyl</er>.</def>

<h1>Etheostomoid</h1>
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<hw>E`the*os"to*moid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>etheostoma</ets> name of a genus + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or like, the genus <spn>Etheostoma</spn>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Any fish of the genus <spn>Etheostoma</spn> and related genera, allied to the perches; -- also called <altname>darter</altname>. The etheostomoids are small and often bright-colored fishes inhabiting the fresh waters of North America. About seventy species are known. See <er>Darter</er>.</def></def2>
<-- e.g. the snail darter. -->

<h1>Ether</h1>
<Xpage=512>

<hw>E"ther</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aether</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to light up, kindle, burn, blaze; akin to Skr. <ets>idh</ets>, <ets>indh</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>idle</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82ther</ets>.]</ety> <def</def>><altsp>[Written also <asp>\'91ther</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A medium of great elasticity and extreme tenuity, supposed to pervade all space, the interior of solid bodies not excepted, and to be the medium of transmission of light and heat; hence often called <i>luminiferous ether</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Supposed matter above the air; the air itself.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A light, volatile, mobile, inflammable liquid, <chform>(C2H5)2O</chform>, of a characteristic aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of alcohol with sulphuric acid, and hence called also <altname>sulphuric ether</altname>. It is powerful solvent of fats, resins, and pyroxylin, but finds its chief use as an an\'91sthetic. Called also <altname>ethyl oxide</altname>.</def><-- also commonly, <altname>ethyl ether</altname>. --> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any similar oxide of hydrocarbon radicals; <as>as, amyl <ex>ether</ex>; valeric <ex>ether</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Complex ether</col>, <col>Mixed ether</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an oxide of two different radicals in the same molecule; as, ethyl methyl ether, <chform>C2H5.O.CH3</chform>.</cd> -- <col>Compound ether</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an ethereal salt or a salt of some hydrocarbon as the base; an ester.</cd> -- <col>Ether engine</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a condensing engine like a steam engine, but operated by the vapor of ether instead of by steam.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ethereal</h1>
<Xpage=512>

<hw>E*the"re*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the hypothetical upper, purer air, or to the higher regions beyond the earth or beyond the atmosphere; celestial; <as>as, <ex>ethereal</ex> space; <ex>ethereal</ex> regions.</as></def>

<blockquote>Go, heavenly guest, <b>ethereal</b> messenger.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of ether; hence, exceedingly light or airy; tenuous; spiritlike; characterized by extreme delicacy, as form, manner, thought, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Vast chain of being, which from God began,
Natures <b>ethereal</b>, human, angel, man.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, ether; <as>as, <ex>ethereal</ex> salts</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Ethereal oil</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Essential oil</cref>, under <er>Essential</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ethereal oil of wine</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a heavy, yellow, oily liquid consisting essentially of etherin, etherol, and ethyl sulphate. It is the oily residuum left after etherification. Called also <altname>heavy oil of wine</altname> (distinguished from <i>oil of wine<i>, or \'d2nanthic ether).</cd> -- <col>Ethereal salt</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a salt of some organic radical as a base; an ester.</cd></cs>

<h1>Etherealism</h1>
<Xpage=512>

<hw>E*the"re*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ethereality.</def>

<h1>Ethereality</h1>
<Xpage=512>

<hw>E*the`re*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being ethereal; etherealness.</def>

<blockquote>Something of that <b>ethereality</b> of thought and manner which belonged to Wordsworth's earlier lyrics.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Etherealization</h1>
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<hw>E*the`re*al*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An ethereal or spiritlike state.</def>

<i>J. H. Stirling.</i>

<h1>Etherealize</h1>
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<hw>E*the"re*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To convert into ether, or into subtile fluid; to saturate with ether.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To render ethereal or spiritlike.</def>

<blockquote><b>Etherealized</b>, moreover, by spiritual communications with the other world.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ethereally</h1>
<Xpage=512>

<hw>E*the"re*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ethereal manner.</def>

<hr>
<page="513">
Page 513<p>

<h1>Etherealness</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>E*the"re*al*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ethereality.</def>

<h1>Ethereous</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>E*the"re*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>aethereus</ets>, Gr. <?/ See <er>Ether</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Formed of ether; ethereal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This <b>ethereous</b> mold whereon we stand.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, either.</def>

<cs><col>Ethereous oil</col>. <cd>See <cref>Ethereal oil</cref>, under <er>Ethereal</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Etherification</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>E*ther`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process of making ether; specifically, the process by which a large quantity of alcohol is transformed into ether by the agency of a small amount of sulphuric, or ethyl sulphuric, acid.</def>

<h1>Etheriform</h1>
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<hw>E*ther"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ether</ets> + <ets>form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of ether.</def>

<h1>Etherin</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>E"ther*in</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline hydrocarbon, regarded as a polymeric variety of ethylene, obtained in heavy oil of wine, the residue left after making ether; -- formerly called also <altname>concrete oil of wine</altname>.</def>

<h1>Etherization</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>E`ther*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The administration of ether to produce insensibility.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The state of the system under the influence of ether.</def>

<h1>Etherize</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>E"ther*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Etherized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Etherizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82th\'82riser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To convert into ether.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To render insensible by means of ether, as by inhalation; <as>as, to <ex>etherize</ex> a patient</as>.</def>

<h1>Etherol</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>E"ther*ol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ether</ets> + L. <ets>ol</ets>eum oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oily hydrocarbon regarded as a polymeric variety of ethylene, produced with etherin.</def>

<h1>Ethic, Ethical</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw><hw>Eth"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Eth"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ethicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ custom, usage, character, dwelling; akin to <?/ custom, Goth. <ets>sidus</ets>, G. <ets>sitte</ets>, Skr. <ets>svadh<?/</ets>, prob. orig., one's own doing; <ets>sva</ets> self + <ets>dh<?/</ets> to set: cf. F. <ets>\'82thique</ets>. See <er>So</er>, <er>Do</er>.]</ety> <def>Of, or belonging to, morals; treating of the moral feelings or duties; containing percepts of morality; moral; <as>as, <ex>ethic</ex> discourses or epistles; an <ex>ethical</ex> system; <ex>ethical</ex> philosophy.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>ethical</b> meaning of the miracles.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ethical dative</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>a use of the dative of a pronoun to signify that the person or thing spoken of is regarded with interest by some one; as, Quid <i>mihi<i> Celsus agit? How does <i>my friend<i> Celsus do?</cd></cs>

<h1>Ethically</h1>
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<hw>Eth"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to, in harmony with, moral principles or character.</def>

<h1>Ethicist</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>Eth"i*cist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is versed in ethics, or has written on ethics.</def>

<h1>Ethics</h1>
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<hw>Eth"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82thique</ets>. See <er>Ethic</er>.]</ety> <def>The science of human duty; the body of rules of duty drawn from this science; a particular system of principles and rules concerting duty, whether true or false; rules of practice in respect to a single class of human actions; <as>as, political or social <ex>ethics</ex>; medical <ex>ethics</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The completeness and consistency of its morality is the peculiar praise of the <b>ethics</b> which the Bible has taught.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ethide</h1>
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<hw>Eth"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any compound of ethyl of a binary type; <as>as, potassium <ex>ethide</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Ethidene</h1>
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<hw>Eth"i*dene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Ether</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Ethylidene.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ethine</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>Eth"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Acetylene.</def>

<h1>Ethionic</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>Eth`i*on"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Eth</ets>yl + <ets>thionic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid so called.</def>

<cs><col>Ethionic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a liquid derivative of ethylsulphuric and sulphuric (thionic) acids, obtained by the action of sulphur trioxide on absolute alcohol.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ethiop, Ethiopian</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw><hw>E"thi*op</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E`thi*o"pi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aethiops</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ to burn + <?/ face.]</ety> <def>A native or inhabitant of Ethiopia; also, in a general sense, a negro or black man.</def>

<h1>Ethiopian, Ethiopic</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw><hw>E`thi*o"pi*an</hw>, <hw>E`thi*op"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to Ethiopia or the Ethiopians.</def>

<h1>Ethiopic</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>E`thi*op"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The language of ancient Ethiopia; the language of the ancient Abyssinian empire (in Ethiopia), now used only in the Abyssinian church. It is of Semitic origin, and is also called <altname>Geez</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ethiops</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>E"thi*ops</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Ethiop</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>A black substance; -- formerly applied to various preparations of a black or very dark color.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>\'92thiops</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Ethiops martial</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>black oxide of iron.</cd> -- <col>Ethiops mineral</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>black sulphide of mercury, obtained by triturating mercury with sulphur.</cd> -- <col>Ethiops per se</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>mercury in finely divided state, having the appearance of a dark powder, obtained by shaking it up or by exposure to the air.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ethmoid, Ethmoidal</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw><hw>Eth"moid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Eth*moid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ like a sieve; <?/ sieve + <?/ from: cf. F. <ets>ethmo\'8bde</ets>, <ets>ethmo\'8bdal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Like a sieve; cribriform.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to, or in the region of, the ethmoid bone.</def>

<cs><col>Ethmoid bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a bone of complicated structure through which the olfactory nerves pass out of the cranium and over which they are largely distributed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ethmoid</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>Eth"moid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The ethmoid bone.</def>

<h1>Ethmotrubinal</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>Eth`mo*tru"bi*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ethm</ets>oid + <ets>turbinal</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Turbinal</er>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An ethmoturbinal bone.</def></def2>

<h1>Ethmovomerine</h1>
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<hw>Eth`mo*vo"mer*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ethm</ets>oid + <ets>vomerine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the region of the vomer and the base of the ethmoid in the skull.</def>

<cs><col>Ethmovomerine plate</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a cartilaginous plate beneath the front of the fetal brain which the ethmoid region of the skull is developed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ethnarch</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>Eth"narch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ nation + <?/ leader, commander. See <er>-arch</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The governor of a province or people.</def>

<i>Lew Wallace.</i>

<h1>Ethnarchy</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>Eth"narch*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>The dominion of an ethnarch; principality and rule.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Ethnic, Ethnical</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw><hw>Eth"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Eth"nic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ethnicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ nation, <?/ <?/ the nations, heathens, gentiles: cf. F. <ets>ethnique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to races or nations; based on distinctions of race; ethnological.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to the gentiles, or nations not converted to Christianity; heathen; pagan; -- opposed to <i>Jewish</i> and <i>Christian</i>.</def>

<h1>Ethnic</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>Eth"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A heathen; a pagan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>No better reported than impure <b>ethnic</b> and lay dogs.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ethnically</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>Eth"nic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ethnical manner.</def>

<h1>Ethnicism</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>Eth"ni*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Heathenism; paganism; idolatry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Taint of ethnicism</i>."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Ethnographer</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>Eth*nog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who investigates ethnography.</def>

<h1>Ethnographic, Ethnographical</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw><hw>Eth`no*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Eth`no*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw>. <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ethnographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>pertaining to ethnography.</def>

<h1>Ethnographically</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>Eth`no*graph"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ethnographical manner.</def>

<h1>Ethnography</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>Eth*nog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ nation + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ethnographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of knowledge which has for its subject the characteristics of the human family, developing the details with which ethnology as a comparative science deals; descriptive ethnology. See <er>Ethnology</er>.</def>

<h1>Ethnologic, Ethnological</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw><hw>Eth`no*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Eth`no*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ethnology.</def>

<h1>Ethnologically</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>Eth`no*log"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ethnological manner; by ethnological classification; <as>as, one belonging <ex>ethnologically</ex> to an African race</as>.</def>

<h1>Ethnologist</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>Eth*nol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in ethnology; a student of ethnology.</def>

<h1>Ethnology</h1>
<Xpage=513>

<hw>Eth*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ nation + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the division of mankind into races, their origin, distribution, and relations, and the peculiarities which characterize them.</def>

<h1>Ethologic, Ethological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eth`o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Eth`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ethology</er>.]</ety> <def>treating of, or pertaining to, ethnic or morality, or the science of character.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Ethologist</h1>
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<hw>E*thol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who studies or writes upon ethology.</def>

<h1>Ethology</h1>
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<hw>E*thol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a depicting of character; <?/ custom, moral nature + <?/ to speak.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A treatise on morality; ethics.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The science of the formation of character, national and collective as well as individual.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Ethopoetic</h1>
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<hw>Eth"o*po*et"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ custom, manners + <?/ to make or form.]</ety> <def>Expressing character.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Urquhart.</i>

<h1>Ethule</h1>
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<hw>Eth"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <ety>[Ether + Gr. <?/ substance, base. Cf. <er>Ethyl</er>, and see <er>-yl</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Ethyl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ethyl</h1>
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<hw>Eth"yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ether</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A monatomic, hydrocarbon radical, <chform>C2H5</chform> of the paraffin series, forming the essential radical of ethane, and of common alcohol and ether.</def>

<cs><col>Ethyl aldehyde</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Aldehyde</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ethylamine</h1>
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<hw>Eth`yl*am"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ethyl</ets> + <ets>amine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, mobile, inflammable liquid, <chform>C2H5.NH2</chform>, very volatile and with an ammoniacal odor. It is a strong base, and is a derivative of ammonia. Called also <altname>ethyl carbamine</altname>, and <altname>amido ethane</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ethylate</h1>
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<hw>Eth"yl*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[<ets>From</ets> <er>Ethyl</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound derived from ethyl alcohol by the replacement of the hydroxyl hydrogen, after the manner of a hydrate; an ethyl alcoholate; <as>as, potassium <ex>ethylate</ex>, <chform>C2H5.O.K</chform></as>.</def>

<h1>Ethylene</h1>
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<hw>Eth"yl*ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>From</tt> <er>Ethyl</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, gaseous hydrocarbon, <chform>C2H4</chform>, forming an important ingredient of illuminating gas, and also obtained by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid in alcohol. It is an unsaturated compound and combines directly with chlorine and bromine to form oily liquids (Dutch liquid), -- hence called <altname>olefiant gas</altname>. Called also <altname>ethene</altname>, <altname>elayl</altname>, and formerly, <altname>bicarbureted hydrogen</altname>.</def>
<-- is effective in hastening the ripening of certain fruits. -->

<cs><col>Ethylene series</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the series if unsaturated hydrocarbons of which ethylene is the type, and represented by the general formula <chform>CnH2n</chform>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ethylic</h1>
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<hw>E*thyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, ethyl; <as>as, <ex>ethylic</ex> alcohol</as>.</def>

<h1>Ethylidene</h1>
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<hw>E*thyl"i*dene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An unsymmetrical, divalent, hydrocarbon radical, <chform>C2H4</chform> metameric with ethylene but written thus, <chform>CH3.CH</chform> to distinguish it from the symmetrical ethylene, <chform>CH2.CH2</chform>. Its compounds are derived from aldehyde. Formerly called also <altname>ethidene</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ethylin</h1>
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<hw>Eth"yl*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of the several complex ethers of ethyl and glycerin.</def>

<h1>Ethylsulphuric</h1>
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<hw>Eth`yl*sul*phu"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, ethyl and sulphuric acid.</def>

<cs><col>Ethylsulphuric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an acid sulphate of ethyl, <chform>H.C2H5.SO4</chform>, produced as a thick liquid by the action of sulphiric acid on alcohol. It appears to be the active catalytic agent in the process of etherification.</cd></cs>

<h1>Etiolate</h1>
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<hw>E"ti*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Etiolated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Etiolating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82tioler</ets> to blanch.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become white or whiter; to be whitened or blanched by excluding the light of the sun, as, plants.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To become pale through disease or absence of light.</def>

<h1>Etiolate</h1>
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<hw>E"ti*o*late</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To blanch; to bleach; to whiten by depriving of the sun's rays.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To cause to grow pale by disease or absence of light.</def>

<h1>Etiolate, Etiolated</h1>
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<hw><hw>E"ti*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>E"ti*o*la`ted</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a blanched or faded appearance, as birds inhabiting desert regions.</def>

<h1>Etiolation</h1>
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<hw>E`ti*o*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The operation of blanching plants, by excluding the light of the sun; the condition of a blanched plant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Paleness produced by absence of light, or by disease.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Etoolin</h1>
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<hw>E"to*o*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Etiolate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A yellowish coloring matter found in plants grown in darkness, which is supposed to be an antecedent condition of chlorophyll.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Etiological</h1>
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<hw>E`ti*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or inquiring into, causes; \'91tiological.</def>

<h1>Etiology</h1>
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<hw>E`ti*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82tiologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of causes. Same as <?/<er>tiology</er>.</def>

<h1>Etiquette</h1>
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<hw>Et"i*quette`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. prop., a little piece of paper, or a mark or title, affixed to a bag or bundle, expressing its contents, a label, ticket, OF.<ets>estiquete</ets>, of German origin; cf. LG. <ets>stikke</ets> peg, pin, tack, <ets>stikken</ets> to stick, G. <ets>stecken</ets>. See <er>Stick</er>, and cf. <er>Ticket</er>.]</ety> <def>The forms required by good breeding, or prescribed by authority, to be observed in social or official life; observance of the proprieties of rank and occasion; conventional decorum; ceremonial code of polite society.</def>

<blockquote>The pompous <b>etiquette</b> to the court of Louis the Fourteenth.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Etna</h1>
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<hw>Et"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of small, portable, cooking apparatus for which heat is furnished by a spirit lamp.</def>

<blockquote>There should certainly be an <b>etna</b> for getting a hot cup of coffee in a hurry.
<i>V. Baker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Etnean</h1>
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<hw>Et*ne"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aetnaeus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr.<?/ (L. <ets>Aetna</ets>, <ets>Aetne</ets>).]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Etna, a volcanic mountain in Sicily.</def>

<h1>Etoile</h1>
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<hw>E`toile"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>Estoile</er>.</def>

<h1>Etrurian</h1>
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<hw>E*tru"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to ancient Etruria, in Italy. "<i>Etrurian</i> Shades." <i>Milton,</i></def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of ancient Etruria.</def></def2>

<h1>Etruscan</h1>
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<hw>E*trus"can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Etruscus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to Etruria.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Etruria.</def></def2>

<h1>Etter pike</h1>
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<hw>Et"ter pike`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Atter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The stingfish, or lesser weever (<spn>Tranchinus vipera</spn>).</def>

<h1>Ettin</h1>
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<hw>Et"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[SA. <ets>eten</ets>, <ets>eoten</ets>, orig., gluttonous, fr. <ets>etan</ets> to eat.]</ety> <def>A giant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau & Fl.</i>

<h1>Ettle</h1>
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<hw>Et"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Perh. the same word as <ets>addle</ets> to earn; bur cf. OE. <ets>atlien</ets>, <ets>etlien</ets>, to intend, prepare, Icel. <ets>\'91tla</ets> to think, suppose, mean.]</ety> <def>To earn. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Addle</er>, to earn.</def>

<i>Boucher.</i>

<h1>Etude</h1>
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<hw>E`tude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Study</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A composition in the fine arts which is intended, or may serve, for a study.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A study; an exercise; a piece for practice of some special point of technical execution.</def>

<h1>Etul</h1>
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<hw>E`tul"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A case for one several small articles; esp., a box in which scissors, tweezers, and other articles of toilet or of daily use are carried.</def>

<h1>Etwee</h1>
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<hw>Et*wee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er><?/tui</er>.</def>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<h1>Etym</h1>
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<hw>Et"ym</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Etymon</er>.</def>

<i>H. F. Talbot.</i>

<h1>Etymic</h1>
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<hw>E*tym"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the etymon; <as>as, an <ex>etymic</ex> word</as>.</def>

<h1>Etymologer</h1>
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<hw>Et`y*mol"o*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An etymologist.</def>

<h1>Etymological</h1>
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<hw>Et`y*mo*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>etymologicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>\'82timilogique</ets>. See <er>Etymology</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to etymology, or the derivation of words.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Et`y*mo*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Etymologicon</h1>
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<hw>Et`y*mo*log"i*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, prop. neut. sing. from <?/.]</ety> <def>an etymological dictionary or manual.</def>

<h1>Etymologist</h1>
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<hw>Et`y*mol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82tymologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who investigates the derivation of words.</def>

<h1>Etymologize</h1>
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<hw>Et`y*mol"o*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82tymologiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To give the etymology of; to trace to the root or primitive, as a word.</def>

<i>Camden</i>

<h1>Etymologize</h1>
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<hw>Et`y*mol"o*gize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To search into the origin of words; to deduce words from their simple roots.</def>

<blockquote>How perilous it is to <b>etymologize</b> at random.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Etymology</h1>
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<hw>Et`y*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Etymologies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.<ets>etymologia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ etymon + <?/ discourse, description: cf. F. <ets>\'82tymologie</ets>. See <er>Etymon</er>, and <er>-logy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That branch of philological science which treats of the history of words, tracing out their origin, primitive significance, and changes of from and meaning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That pert of grammar which relates to the changes in the form of the words in a language; inflection.</def>

<h1>Etymon</h1>
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<hw>Et"y*mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Etymons</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, Gr. <plw>Etyma</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ the true literal sense of a word according to its derivation, an etymon, fr. <?/ true, real, prob, akin to Skr. <ets>sotya</ets>, E. <ets>sooth</ets>. See <er>Sooth</er>.]</ety> <def>1. An original form; primitive word; root.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Original or fundamental signification.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Given as the <b>etymon</b> or genuine sense of the word.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Etypical</h1>
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<hw>E*typ"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>e-</ets> + <ets>typical</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Diverging from, or lacking conformity to, a type.</def>

<h1>Eu</h1>
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<hw>Eu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ well, orig. neut. of <?/ good; prob. connected with Skr. <ets>su</ets>, from the same root as E. <ets>is</ets>; or with Skr. <ets>vasu</ets> good, prob. fr. the same root as E. <ets>was</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prefix used frequently in composition, signifying <i>well</i>, <i>good</i>, <i>advantageous</i>; -- the opposite of <i>dys-</i>.</def>

<h1>Eucairite</h1>
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<hw>Eu*cai"rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ seasonable, opportune; <?/ well, good + <?/ season.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A metallic mineral, a selenide of copper and silver; -- so called by Berzelius on account of its being found soon after the discovery of the metal selenium.</def>

<h1>Eucalyn</h1>
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<hw>Eu"ca*lyn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An unfermentable sugar, obtained as an uncrystallizable sirup by the decomposition of melitose; also obtained from a Tasmanian <spn>eucalyptus</spn>, -- whence its name.</def>

<h1>Eucalyptol</h1>
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<hw>Eu`ca*lyp*tol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Eucalyptus</ets> + L. <ets>ol</ets>eum oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A volatile, terpenelike oil extracted from the eucalyptus, and consisting largely of cymene.</def>

<h1>Eucalyptus</h1>
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<hw>Eu`ca*lyp"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from GR. <?/ well, good + <?/ covered. The buds of Eucalyptus have a hemispherical or conical covering, which falls off at anthesis.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A myrtaceous genus of trees, mostly Australian. Many of them grow to an immense height, one or two species exceeding the height even of the California Sequoia.</def>

<note>&hand; They have rigid, entire leaves with one edge turned toward the zenith. Most of them secrete resinous gums, whence they called <i>gum trees</i>, and their timber is of great value. <spn>Eucalyptus Globulus</spn> is the blue gum; <spn>E. aigantea</spn>, the stringy bark: <spn>E. amygdalina</spn>, the peppermint tree. <spn>E. Gunnii</spn>, the Tasmanian cider tree, yields a refreshing drink from wounds made in the bark in the spring. Center species yield oils, tars, acids, dyes and tans. It is said that miasmatic valleys in Algeria and Portugal, and a part of the unhealthy Roman Campagna, have been made more salubrious by planting groves of these trees.</note>

<h1>Eucharis</h1>
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<hw>Eu"cha*ris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>eucharis</ets> agreeable, Gr. <?/ See <er>Eucharist</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of South American amaryllidaceous plants with large and beautiful white blossoms.</def>

<h1>Eucharist</h1>
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<hw>Eu"cha*rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>euchaistia</ets>, Gr. <?/, lit., a giving of banks; <?/ + <?/ favor, grace, banks; akin to <?/ to rejoice, nd prob. to <ets>yearn</ets>: cf. F. <ets>euchaistie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of giving thanks; thanksgiving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Led through the vale of tears to the region of <b>eucharist</b> and hallelujahs.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The sacrament of the Lord's Supper; the solemn act of ceremony of commemorating the death of Christ, in the use of bread and wine, as the appointed emblems; the communion.</def>

 -- See <er>Sacrament</er>.

<h1>Eucharistic, Eucharistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eu`cha*ris"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Eu`cha*ris"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>eucharistie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Giving thanks; expressing thankfulness; rejoicing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>eucharistical</b> part of our daily devotions.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to the Lord's Supper.</def> "The <i>eucharistic</i> sacrament."

<i>Sir. G. C. Lewis.</i>

<h1>Euchite</h1>
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<hw>Eu"chite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ to pray.]</ety> <def>One who resolves religion into prayer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gauden.</i>

<h1>Euchloric</h1>
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<hw>Eu*chlo"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fresh and green; <?/ well + <?/ pale green.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or consisting of, euchlorine; <as>as, <ex>euchloric <?/</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Davy.</i>

<h1>Euchlorine</h1>
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<hw>Eu*chlo"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>euchlorine</ets>. See <er>Euchloric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow or greenish yellow gas, first prepared by Davy, evolved from potassium chlorate and hydrochloric acid. It is supposed to consist of chlorine tetroxide with some free chlorine.</def>

<h1>Euchologion, Euchology</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eu`cho*lo"gi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Eu*chol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>euchologion</ets>, Gr. <?/ prayer book; <?/ prayer, vow (fr. <?/ to pray) + <?/ to say, speak.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A formulary of prayers; the book of offices in the Greek Church, containing the liturgy, sacraments, and forms of prayers.</def>

<h1>Euchologue</h1>
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<hw>Eu"cho*logue</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>euchologe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Euchology.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Euchre</h1>
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<hw>Eu"chre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. from F. <ets>\'82cart\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>A game at cards, that may be played by two, three, or four persons, the highest card (except when an extra card called the Joker is used) being the knave of the same suit as the trump, and called <i>right bower</i>, the lowest card used being the seven, or frequently, in two-handed euchre, the nine spot. See <er>Bower</er>.</def>

<h1>Euchre</h1>
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<hw>Eu"chre</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To defeat, in a game of euchre, the side that named the trump.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To defeat or foil thoroughly in any scheme.</def> <mark>[Slang.]</mark>

<h1>Euchroic</h1>
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<hw>Eu*chro"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ well-colored; <?/ well + <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having a fine color.</def>

<cs><col>Euchroic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an organic, imide acid, obtained as a colorless crystalline substance, <chform>C12H4N2O8</chform> by heating an ammonium salt of mellitic acid. By reduction it is changed to a dark blue substance (<i>euchrone<i>), -- hence its name.</cd></cs>

<h1>Euchroite</h1>
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<hw>Eu"chro*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Euchroic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occurring in transparent emerald green crystals. It is hydrous arseniate of copper.</def>

<h1>Euchrone</h1>
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<hw>Eu"chrone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance obtained from euchroic acid. See <er>Eychroic</er>.</def>

<h1>Euchymy</h1>
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<hw>Eu"chy*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ well + <?/ juice liquid. See <er>Chyme</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A good state of he blood and other fluids of the body.</def>

<h1>Euclase</h1>
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<hw>Eu"clase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ well, easily + <?/ to break. Cf. F. <ets>euclase</ets>, G. <ets>euklas</ets>. See named from its brittleness.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A brittle gem occurring in light green, transparent crystals, affording a brilliant clinodiagonal cleavage. It is a silicate of alumina and glucina.</def>

<h1>Euclid</h1>
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<hw>Eu"clid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Greek geometer of the 3d century <?/; also, his treatise on geometry, and hence, the principles of geometry, in general.</def>

<h1>Euclidian</h1>
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<hw>Eu*clid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Related to Euclid, or to the geometry of Euclid.</def>

<cs><col>Euclidian space</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the kind of space to which the axioms and definitions of Euclid, relative to straight lines and parallel lines, apply; -- called also <altname>flat space</altname>, and <altname>homaloidal space</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Eucopepoda</h1>
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<hw>Eu`co*pep"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Eu-</er> and <er>Copepoda</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group which includes the typical copepods and the lerneans.</def>

<h1>Eucrasy</h1>
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<hw>Eu"cra*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/, wellcempered; <?/ well + <?/ to mix, temper: cf. F. <ets>eucrasie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Such a due mixture of qualities in bodies as constitutes health or soundness.</def>

<i>Quincy.</i>

<h1>Euctical</h1>
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<hw>Euc"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to pray, wish.]</ety> <def>Expecting a wish; supplicatory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sacrifices . . . distinguished into expiatory, <b>euctical</b>, and eucharistical.
<i>Bp. Law.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eudemon, Eud\'91mon</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eu*de"mon</hw>, <hw>Eu*d\'91"mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ well, good + <?/ one's demon.]</ety> <def>A good angel.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Eudemonics, Eud\'91monics</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eu`de*mon"ics</hw>, <hw>Eu`d\'91*mon"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ conducive to happiness. See <er>Eudemonism</er>.]</ety> <def>That part of moral philosophy which treats of happiness; the science of happiness; -- contrasted with <i>aretaics</i>.</def>

<i>J. Grote.</i>

<h1>Eudemonism, Eud\'91monism</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eu*de"mon*ism</hw>, <hw>Eu*d\'91"mon*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a thinking happy, fr, <?/ blessed with a good genius, happy; <?/ well, good + <?/ one's demon of genius. See <er>Demon</er>.]</ety> <def>That system of ethics which defines and enforces moral obligation by its relation to happiness or personal well-being.</def>

<h1>Eudemonist, Eud\'91monist</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eu*de"mon*ist</hw>, <hw>Eu*d\'91"mon*ist</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes in eudemonism.</def>

<blockquote>I am too much of a <b>eud\'91monist</b>; I hanker too much after a state of happiness both for myself and others.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eudemonistic, Eud\'91monistic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eu*de`mon*is"tic</hw> , <hw>Eu*d\'91`mon*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to eudemonism.</def>

<h1>Eudemonistical, Eud\'91monistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eu*de`mon*is"tic*al</hw>, <hw>Eu*d\'91`mon*is"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Eudemonistic.</def>

<h1>Eudialyte</h1>
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<hw>Eu*di"a*lyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ well easily + <?/ to dissolve. So called because easily dissolvable in acids.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a brownish red color and vitreous luster, consisting chiefly of the silicates of iron, zirconia, and lime.</def>

<h1>Eudiometer</h1>
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<hw>Eu`di*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fair, clear weather, fr. <?/ fine, clear ( said of the air or weather) + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ediom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An instrument for the volumetric measurement of gases; -- so named because frequently used to determine the purity of the air.</def>

<note>&hand; It usually consists of a finely graduated and calibrated glass tube, open at one end, the bottom; and having near the top a pair of platinum wires fused in, to allow the passage of an electric spark, as the process involves the explosion and combustion of one of the ingredients to be determined. The operation is conducted in a through of mercury, or sometimes over water. Cf. <er>Burette</er>. <i>Use's ediometer</i> has the tube bent in the form of the letter. U.</note>

<h1>Eudiometric, Eudiometrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eu`di*o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Eu`di*o*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a eudiometer; <as>as, <ex>eudiometrical</ex> experiments or results</as>.</def>

<h1>Eudiometry</h1>
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<hw>Eu`di*om"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>eudiom\'82trie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The art or process of determining he constituents of a gaseous mixture by means of the eudiometer, or for ascertaining the purity of the air or the amount of oxygen in it.</def>

<h1>Eudipleura</h1>
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<hw>Eu`di*pleu"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ well + <?/ double + <?/ rib,<?/, pl.,side.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The fundamental forms of organic life, that are composed of two equal and symmetrical halves.</def>

<i>Syd. Soc. Lex.</i>

<h1>Eudoxian</h1>
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<hw>Eu*dox"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of Eudoxius, patriarch of Antioch and Constantinople in the 4th century, and a celebrated defender of the doctrines of Arius.</def>

<h1>Euganoidei</h1>
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<hw>Eu`ga*noi"de*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. GR. <?/ well + NL. <ets>ganoidei</ets>. See <er>Ganoid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A group which includes the bony ganoids, as the gar pikes.</def>

<h1>Euge</h1>
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<hw>Eu"ge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., well done! bravo! Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Applause.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Eugeuia</h1>
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<hw>Eu*ge"ui*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Named in honor of Prince <ets>Eugene</ets> of Savoy.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of mytraceous plants, mostly of tropical countries, and including several aromatic trees and shrubs, among which are the trees which produce allspice and cloves of commerce.</def>

<h1>Eugenic</h1>
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<hw>Eu*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Eugenia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, cloves; <as>as, <ex>eugenic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Eudenic</h1>
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<hw>Eu*den"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Well-born; of high birth.</def>

<i>Atlantic Monthly.</i>

<h1>Eugenics</h1>
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<hw>Eu*gen"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of improving stock, whether human or animal.</def>

<i>F. Galton.</i>

<h1>Eugenin</h1>
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<hw>Eu"ge*nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, crystalline substance extracted from oil of cloves; -- called also <altname>clove camphor</altname>.</def>

<h1>Eugenol</h1>
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<hw>Eu"ge*nol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Eugenia</ets> + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon, <chform>C10H12O2</chform> resembling the phenols, and hence also called <altname>eugenic acid</altname>. It is found in the oils of pimento and cloves.</def>
<-- used as an analgesic in dentistry. -->

<h1>Eugeny</h1>
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<hw>Eu"ge*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ well born; <?/ well + <?/ race.]</ety> <def>Nobleness of birth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Eugetic, Eugetinic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eu*get"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Eu`ge*tin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, eugenol; <as>as, <ex>eugetic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Eugh</h1>
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<hw>Eugh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Yew</er>.]</ety> <def>The yew.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Eugubian, Eugubine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eu*gu"bi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Eu"gu*bine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the ancient town of Eugubium (now Gubbio); <as>as, the <ex>Eugubine</ex> tablets, or tables, or inscriptions</as>.</def>

<h1>Euharmonic</h1>
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<hw>Eu`har*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>-eu + harmonic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Producing mathematically perfect harmony or concord; sweetly or perfectly harmonious.</def>

<h1>Euhemerism</h1>
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<hw>Eu*hem"er*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Euhemerus</ets>, Gr. <?/ a philosopher, about 300 <?/.]</ety> <def>The theory, held by Euhemerus, that the gods of mythology were but deified mortals, and their deeds only the amplification in imagination of human acts.</def>

<h1>Euhemerist</h1>
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<hw>Eu*hem"er*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who advocates euhemerism.</def>

<h1>Euhemeristic</h1>
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<hw>Eu*hem`er*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to euhemerism.</def>

<h1>Euhemerize</h1>
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<hw>Eu*hem"er*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To interpret (mythology) on the theory of euhemerism.</def>

<h1>Euisopoda</h1>
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<hw>Eu`i*sop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <pluf>pl.</pluf> <ety>[NL. See <er>Eu-</er> and <er>Isopoda</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group which includes the typical Isopoda.</def>

<h1>Eulachon</h1>
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<hw>Eu"la*chon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The candlefish. <altsp>[Written also <asp>oulachan</asp>, <asp>oolacan</asp>, and <asp>ulikon</asp>.]</altsp> See <er>Candlefish</er>.</def>

<h1>Eulerian</h1>
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<hw>Eu*le"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining Euler, a German mathematician of the 18th century.</def>

<cs><col>Eulerian integrals</col>, <cd>certain definite integrals whose properties were first investigated by Euler.</cd></cs>

<h1>Eulogic, Eulogical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eu*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Eu*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Eulogy</er>.]</ety> <def>Bestowing praise of eulogy; commendatory; eulogistic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Eu*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Eulogist</h1>
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<hw>Eu"lo*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who eulogizes or praises; panegyrist; encomiast.</def>

<i>Buckle.</i>

<h1>Eulogistic, Eulogistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eu`lo*gis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Eu`lo*gis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to eulogy; characterized by eulogy; bestowing praise; panegyrical; commendatory; laudatory; <as>as, <ex>eulogistic</ex> speech or discourse</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Eu"lo*gis"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Eulogium</h1>
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<hw>Eu*lo"gi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Eulogiums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL., fr. Gr. <?/ eulogy.]</ety> <def>A formal eulogy.</def>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Eulogize</h1>
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<hw>Eu"lo*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Eulogized</er>. (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Eulogizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To speak or write in commendation of (another); to extol in speech or writing; to praise.</def>

<h1>Eulogy</h1>
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<hw>Eu"lo*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Eulogies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, from <?/ well speaking; <?/ well + <?/ to speak. Cf. <er>Eulogium</er>, and see <er>Legend</er>.]</ety> <def>A speech or writing in commendation of the character or services of a person; <as>as, a fitting <ex>eulogy</ex> to worth</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Eulogies</b> turn into elegies.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Encomium; praise; panegyric; applause.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Eulogy</er>, <er>Eulogium</er>, <er>Encomium</er>, <er>Panegyric</er>. The idea of praise is common to all these words. The word <i>encomium</i> is used of both persons and things which are the result of human action, and denotes warm praise. <i>Eulogium</i> and <i>eulogy</i> apply only to persons and are more studied and of greater length. A <i>panegyric</i> was originally a set speech in a full assembly of the people, and hence denotes a more formal <i>eulogy</i>, couched in terms of warm and continuous praise, especially as to personal character. We may bestow <i>encomiums</i> on any work of art, on production of genius, without reference to the performer; we bestow <i>eulogies</i>, or pronounce a <i>eulogium</i>, upon some individual distinguished for his merit public services; we pronounce a <i>panegyric</i> before an assembly gathered for the occasion.</usage>

<h1>Eulytite</h1>
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<hw>Eu"ly*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ well + <?/ to dissolve.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>a mineral, consisting chiefly of the silicate of bismuth, found at Freiberg; -- called also <altname>culytine</altname>.</def>

<h1>Eumenides</h1>
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<hw>Eu*men"i*des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/ lit., gracious goddesses.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A euphemistic name for the Furies of Erinyes.</def>

<h1>Eumolpus</h1>
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<hw>Eu*mol"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ sweetly singing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small beetles, one species of which (<spn>E. viti</spn>) is very injurious to the vines in the wine countries of Europe.</def>

<h1>Eunomian</h1>
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<hw>Eu*no"mi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of Eunomius, bishop of Cyzicus (4th century <sc>A. D.</sc>), who held that Christ was not God but a created being, having a nature different from that of the Father.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Eunomius or his doctrine.</def></def2>

<h1>Eunomy</h1>
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<hw>Eu"no*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ well + <?/ law.]</ety> <def>Equal law, or a well-adjusted constitution of government.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Eunuch</h1>
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<hw>Eu"nuch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eunuchus</ets>, Gr. <?/, prop., keeping or guarding the couch; <?/ couch, bed, + <?/ to have, hold, keep.]</ety> <def>A male of the human species castrated; commonly, one of a class of such persons, in Oriental countries, having charge of the women's apartments. Some of them, in former times, gained high official rank.</def>

<h1>Eunuch, Eunuchate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eu"nuch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Eu"nuch*ate</hw>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eunuchare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make a eunuch of; to castrate. as a man.</def>

<i>Creech. Sir. T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Eunuchism</h1>
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<hw>Eu"nuch*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eunuchismus</ets> an unmanning, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>eunuchisme</ets> eunuchism.]</ety> <def>The state of being eunuch.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Euonymin</h1>
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<hw>Eu*on"y*min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A principle or mixture of principles derived from <i>Euonymus atropurpureus</i>, or spindle tree.</def>

<h1>Euonymus</h1>
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<hw>Eu*on"y*mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. (cf. L. <ets>euonymos</ets>). fr. Gr. <?/, lit., of good name.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of small European and American trees; the spindle tree. The bark is used as a cathartic.</def>

<h1>Euornithes</h1>
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<hw>Eu`or*ni"thes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr., Gr. <?/ well + <?/, <?/ a bird.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of Aves which includes all the typical birds, or all living birds except the penguins and birds of ostrichlike form.</def>

<h1>Euosmitte</h1>
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<hw>Eu*os"mitte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ well + <?/ a smell.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A fossil resin, so called from its strong, peculiar, pleasant odor.</def>

<h1>Eupathy</h1>
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<hw>Eu"pa*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ comfort, happy condition of the soul. See <er>Eu-</er>, and <er>Pathetic</er>.]</ety> <def>Right feeling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Harris.</i>

<h1>Eupatorin Eupatorine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eu*pat"o*rin Eu*pat"o*rine</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A principle or mixture of principles extracted from various species of Eupatorium.</def>

<h1>Eupatorium</h1>
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<hw>Eu`pa*to"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>Eupator</ets>, king of Pontus, said to have used it as a medicine.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of perennial, composite herbs including hemp agrimony, boneset, throughwort, etc.</def>

<h1>Eupatrid</h1>
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<hw>Eu"pa*trid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ well + <?/ father.]</ety> <def>One well born, or of noble birth.</def>

<h1>Eupepsia, Eupepsy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eu*pep"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Eu*pep"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>eupepsia</ets>, Fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ easy of digestion; <?/ well + <?/ to cook, digest.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Soundness of the nutritive or digestive organs; good concoction or digestion; -- opposed to <i>dyspepsia</i>.</def>

<h1>Eupeptic</h1>
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<hw>Eu*pep"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to good digestion; easy of digestion; having a good digestion; <as>as, <ex>eupeptic</ex> food; an <ex>eupeptic</ex> man.</as></def>

<blockquote>Wrapt in lazy <b>eupeptic</b> fat.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Euphemism</h1>
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<hw>Eu"phe*mism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fr. <?/ to use word of a good omen; <?/ well + <?/ to speak: cf. F. <ets>euph\'82misme</ets>. See <er>Fame</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure in which a harts or indelicate word or expression is softened; a way of describing an offensive thing by an inoffensive expression; a mild name for something disagreeable.</def>

<h1>Euphemistic, Euphemistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eu`phe*mis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Eu`phe*mis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to euphemism; containing a euphemism; softened in expression.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Eu`phe*mis"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Euphemize</h1>
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<hw>Eu"phe*mize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Euphemized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Euphemizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/ .]</ety> <def>To express by a euphemism, or in delicate language; to make use of euphemistic expressions.</def>

<h1>Euphoniad</h1>
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<hw>Eu*pho"ni*ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Euphony</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An instrument in which are combined the characteristic tones of the organ and various other instruments.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Euphonic, Euphonical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eu*phon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Eu*phon"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or exhibiting, euphony; agreeable in sound; pleasing to the ear; euphonious; <as>as, a <ex>euphonic</ex> expression; <ex>euphonical</ex> orthography.</as></def>

<hr>
<page="515">
Page 515<p>

<h1>Euphonicon</h1>
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<hw>Eu*phon"i*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Euphony</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A kind of uptight piano.</def>

<h1>Euphonious</h1>
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<hw>Eu*pho"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pleasing or sweet in sound; euphonic; smooth-sounding.</def> <i>Hallam.</i> -- <wordforms><wf>Eu*pho"ni*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Euphonism</h1>
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<hw>Eu"pho*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An agreeable combination of sounds; euphony.</def>

<h1>Euphonium</h1>
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<hw>Eu*pho"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Euphony</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A bass instrument of the saxhorn family.</def>

<h1>Euphonize</h1>
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<hw>Eu"pho*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make euphonic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Euphonon</h1>
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<hw>Eu"pho*non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Euphony</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An instrument resembling the organ in tine and the upright piano in form. It is characterized by great strength and sweetness of tone.</def>

<h1>Euphonous</h1>
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<hw>Eu"pho*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Euphonious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Euphony</h1>
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<hw>Eu"pho*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Euphonies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>euphonia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ sweet-voiced; <?/ well + <?/ sound, voice; akin to <?/ to speak: cf. F. <ets>euphonie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pleasing or sweet sound; an easy, smooth enunciation of sounds; a pronunciation of letters and syllables which is pleasing to the ear.</def>

<h1>Euphorbia</h1>
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<hw>Eu*phor"bi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>euphorbea</ets>. See <er>Euphorrium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Spurge, or bastard spurge, a genus of plants of many species, mostly shrubby, herbaceous succulents, affording an acrid, milky juice. Some of them are armed with thorns. Most of them yield powerful emetic and cathartic products.</def>

<h1>Euphorbiaceous, Euphorbial</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eu*phor`bi*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Eu*phor"bi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, relating to, or resembling, the Euphorbia family.</def>

<h1>Euphorbin Euphorbine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eu*phor"bin Eu*phor"bine</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A principle, or mixture of principles, derived from various species of Euphorbia.</def>

<h1>Euphorbium</h1>
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<hw>Eu*phor"bi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>euphorbeum</ets>, from Gr. <?/; -- so called after <ets>Euphorbus</ets>, a Greek physician.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inodorous exudation, usually in the form of yellow tears, produced chiefly by the African <i>Euphorbia resinifrea</i>. It was formerly employed medicinally, but was found so violent in its effects that its use is nearly abandoned.</def>

<h1>Euphotide</h1>
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<hw>Eu"pho*tide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ well + <?/, <?/, light. So called because of its pleasing combination of white and green.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A rock occurring in the Alps, consisting of saussurite and smaragdite; -- sometimes called <i>gabbro</i>.</def>

<h1>Euphrasy</h1>
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<hw>Eu"phra*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>euphrasia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ delight, fr. <?/ to delight; <?/ well + <?/ heart, mind: cf. LL. <ets>eufrasia</ets>, F. <ets>eufrasie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The plant eyesight (<spn>euphrasia officionalis</spn>), formerly regarded as beneficial in disorders of the eyes.</def>

<blockquote>Then purged with <b>euphrasy</b> and rue
The visual nerve, for he had much to see.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Euphroe</h1>
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<hw>Eu"phroe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A block or long slat of wood, perforated for the passage of the crowfoot, or cords by which an awning is held up.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>uphroe</asp> and <asp>uvrou</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Euphuism</h1>
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<hw>Eu"phu*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ well grown, graceful; <?/ well + <?/ growth, fr. <?/ to grow. This affected style of conversation and writing, fashionable for some time in the court of Elizabeth, had its origin from the fame of Lyly's books, "<ets>Euphues</ets>, or the Anatomy of Wit," and "<ets>Euphues</ets> and his England."]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>An affectation of excessive elegance and refinement of language; high-flown diction.</def>

<h1>Euphuist</h1>
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<hw>Eu"phu*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who affects excessive refinement and elegance of language; -- applied esp. to a class of writers, in the age of Elizabeth, whose productions are marked by affected conceits and high-flown diction.</def>

<h1>Euphuistic</h1>
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<hw>Eu`phu*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to the euphuists, or euphuism; affectedly refined.</def>

<h1>Euphuize</h1>
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<hw>Eu"phu*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To affect excessive refinement in language; to be overnice in expression.</def>

<h1>Eupione</h1>
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<hw>Eu"pi*one</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ very fat; <?/ well + <?/ fat.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A limpid, oily liquid obtained by the destructive distillation of various vegetable and animal substances; -- specifically, an oil consisting largely of the higher hydrocarbons of the paraffin series.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>eupion</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Eupittone</h1>
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<hw>Eu*pit"tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>eu-</ets> + <ets>pitt</ets>acal + <ets>-one</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow, crystalline substance, resembling aurin, and obtained by the oxidation of pittacal; -- called also <altname>eupittonic acid</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>eupitton</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Eupittonic</h1>
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<hw>Eu`pit*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, eupittone.</def>

<h1>Euplastic</h1>
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<hw>Eu*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>eu-</ets> + <ets>-plastic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having the capacity of becoming organizable in a high degree, as the matter forming the false membranes which sometimes result from acute inflammation in a healthy person.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Euplastic</h1>
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<hw>Eu*plas"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Organizable substance by which the tissues of an animal body are renewed.</def>

<h1>Euplectella</h1>
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<hw>Eu`plec*tel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ well plaited; <?/ well + <?/ plaited.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A genus of elegant, glassy sponges, consisting of interwoven siliceous fibers, and growing in the form of a cornucopia; -- called also <altname>Venus's flower-basket</altname>.</def>

<h1>Euplexoptera</h1>
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<hw>Eu`plex*op"te*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <?/. <?/ well + <?/ to plait + <?/ a wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of insects, including the earwig. The anterior wings are short, in the form of elytra, while the posterior wings fold up beneath them. See <er>Earwig</er>.</def>

<h1>Eupn\'91a</h1>
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<hw>Eup*n\'91"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. gr. <?/ easy breathing; <?/ well + <?/ to breathe.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Normal breathing where arterialization of the blood is normal, in distinction from <i>dyspn\'91a</i>, in which the blood is insufficiently arterialized.</def>

<i>Foster.</i>

<h1>Eupryion</h1>
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<hw>Eu*pry"i*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ well + <?/ fire.]</ety> <def>A contrivance for obtaining a light instantaneous, as a lucifer match.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Eurasian</h1>
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<hw>Eu*ra"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Eur</ets>opean + <ets>Asian</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A child of a European parent on the one side and an Asiatic on the other.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One born of European parents in Asia.</def>

<h1>Eurasian</h1>
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<hw>Eu*ra"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of European and Asiatic descent; of or pertaining to both Europe and Asia; <as>as, the great <ex>Eurasian</ex> plain</as>.</def>

<h1>Eurasiatio</h1>
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<hw>Eu*ra`si*at"io</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the continents of Europe and Asia combined.</def>

<h1>Eureka</h1>
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<hw>Eu*re"ka</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ I have found, perfect indicative of <?/ to find.]</ety> <def>The exclamation attributed to Archimedes, who is said to have cried out "<i>Eureka</i>! <i>eureka</i>!" (I have found it! I have found it!), upon suddenly discovering a method of finding out how much the gold of King Hiero's crown had been alloyed. Hence, an expression of triumph concerning a discovery.</def>

<h1>Eurhipidurous</h1>
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<hw>Eu*rhip`i*du"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ well + <?/ a fan + <?/ a tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a fanlike tail; belonging to the <spn>Eurhipidur\'91</spn>, a division of Aves which includes all living birds.</def>

<h1>Euripize</h1>
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<hw>Eu"ri*pize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Euripus</er>.]</ety> <def>To whirl hither and thither.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Euripus</h1>
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<hw>Eu*ri"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ well + <?/ a rushing motion.]</ety> <def>A strait; a narrow tract of water, where the tide, or a current, flows and reflows with violence, as the ancient fright of this name between Eub\'91a and B\'91otia. Hence, a flux and reflux.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Euritte</h1>
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<hw>Eu"ritte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>eurite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A compact feldspathic rock; felsite. See <er>Felsite</er>.</def>

<h1>Euritic</h1>
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<hw>Eu*rit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pelating to eurite.</def>

<h1>Euroclydon</h1>
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<hw>Eu*roc"ly*don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ the southeast wind + <?/ wave, billow; according to another reading, <?/, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>. a north-east wind, as in the Latin Yulgate <ets>Euro-aquilo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tempestuous northeast wind which blows in the Mediterranean. See <er>Levanter</er>.</def>

<blockquote>A tempestuous wind called <b>Euroclydon</b>.
<i>Acts xxvii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<h1>European</h1>
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<hw>Eu`ro*pe"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>europeaus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. Gr. <?/ (L. <ets>europa</ets>.)]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Europe, or to its inhabitants.</def>

<cs><col>On the European plain</col>, <cd>having rooms to let, and leaving it optional with guests whether they will take meals in the house; -- said of hotels. <mark>[U. S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>European</h1>
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<hw>Eu`ro*pe"an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or an inhabitant of Europe.</def>

<h1>Europeanize</h1>
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<hw>Eu`ro*pe"an*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to become like the Europeans in manners or character; to habituate or accustom to European usages.</def>

<blockquote>A state of society . . . changed and <b>Europenized</b>.
<i>Lubbock.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eurus</h1>
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<hw>Eu"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>The east wind.</def>

<h1>Euryale</h1>
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<hw>Eu*ry"a*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>Euryale</ets>, one of the Gorgons.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of water lilies, growing in India and China. The only species (<spn>E. ferox</spn>) is very prickly on the peduncles and calyx. The rootstocks and seeds are used as food.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A genus of ophiurans with much-branched arms.</def>

<h1>Euryalida</h1>
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<hw>Eu`ry*al"i*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Ophiuroidea, including the genera Euryale, Astrophyton, etc. They generally have the arms branched. See <er>Astrophyton</er>.</def>

<h1>Eurycerous</h1>
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<hw>Eu*ryc"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ broad + <?/ horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having broad horns.</def>

<h1>Eurypteroid</h1>
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<hw>Eu*ryp"ter*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Eurypterus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Like, or pertaining to, the genus Euryperus.</def>

<h1>Eurypteroidea</h1>
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<hw>Eu*ryp`te*roi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Eurypteroid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleont.)</fld> <def>An extinct order of Merostomata, of which the genus Eurypterus is the type. They are found only in Paleozoic rocks.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Eurypterida</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Eurypterus</h1>
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<hw>Eu*ryp"te*rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ broad + <?/ a wing.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of extinct Merostomata, found in Silurian rocks. Some of the species are more than three feet long.</def>

<h1>Eurythmy</h1>
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<hw>Eu"ryth*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eurythmia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ well + <?/ rhythm, measure, proportion, symmetry: cf. F. <ets>eurythmie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Just or harmonious proportion or movement, as in the composition of a poem, an edifice, a painting, or a statue.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Regularly of the pulse.</def>

<h1>Eusebian</h1>
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<hw>Eu*se"bi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of Eusebius, bishop of C\'91sarea, who was a friend and protector of Arius.</def>

<h1>Eustachian</h1>
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<hw>Eu*sta"chi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Eustachi</ets>, a learned Italian physician who died in Rome, 1574.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Discovered by Eustachius.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to the Eustachian tube; <as>as, <ex>Eustachian</ex> catheter</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Eustachian catheter</col>, <cd>a tubular instrument to be introduced into the Eustachian tube so as to allow of inflation of the middle ear through the nose or mouth.</cd> -- <col>Eustrachian tube</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a passage from the tympanum of the ear to the pharynx. See <er>Ear</er>.</cd> -- <col>Eustachian valve</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a crescent-shaped fold of the lining membrane of the heart at the entrance of the vena cava inferior. It directs the blood towards the left auricle in the fetus, but is rudimentary and functionless in the adult.</cd></cs>

<h1>Eustyle</h1>
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<hw>Eu"style`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, neut. of <?/ with pillars at the best distances; <?/ well + <?/ pillar: cf. F. <ets>eustyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Intercolumnlation</er>.</def>

<h1>Eutaxy</h1>
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<hw>Eu"tax*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ well + <?/ arrangement: cf. F. <ets>eutaxie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Good or established order or arrangement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>E. Waterhouse.</i>

<h1>Euterpe</h1>
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<hw>Eu*ter"pe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ delightful; <?/ well + <?/ to delight.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The Muse who presided over music.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of palms, some species of which are elegant trees.</def>

<h1>Euterpean</h1>
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<hw>Eu*ter"pe*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Euterpe or to music.</def>

<h1>Euthanasia</h1>
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<hw>Eu`tha*na"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ well + <?/ death, <?/, <?/, to die: cf. F. <ets>euthanasie</ets>.]</ety> <def>An easy death; a mode of dying to be desired.</def> "An <i>euthanasia</i> of all thought."

<i>Hazlitt.</i>

<blockquote>The kindest wish of my friends is <b>euthanasia</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<-- 2. A putting to death for humane purposes.  Used to refer to the killing of animals to relieve or avoid pain. -->

<h1>Euthanasy</h1>
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<hw>Eu*than"a*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Euthanasia</er>.</def>

<h1>Euthiochroic</h1>
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<hw>Eu`thi*o*chro"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ well + <?/ sulphur + <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or denoting, an acid so called.</def>

<cs><col>Euthiochroic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a complex derivative of hydroquinone and sulphonic (thionic) acid. -- so called because it contains sulphur, and forms brilliantly colored (yellow) salts.</cd></cs>

<h1>Euthyneura</h1>
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<hw>Eu`thy*neu"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ straight + <?/ a nerve.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large division of gastropod molluske, including the Pulmonifera and Opisthobranchiata.</def>

<h1>Eutrophy</h1>
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<hw>Eu"tro*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ nourishing, healthy; <?/ well + <?/ to nourish.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Healthy nutrition; soundless as regards the nutritive functions.</def>

<h1>Eutychian</h1>
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<hw>Eu*tych"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of Eutyches [5th century], who held that the divine and the human in the person of Christ were blended together as to constitute but one nature; a monophysite; -- opposed to <i>Nestorian</i>.</def>

<h1>Eutychianism</h1>
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<hw>Eu*tych"i*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>The doctrine of Eutyches and his followers.</def>

<h1>Euxanthic</h1>
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<hw>Eux*an"thic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having a yellow color; pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, euxanthin.</def>

<cs><col>Euxanthic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a yellow, crystalline, organic acid, extracted from euxanthin.</cd></cs>

<h1>Euxanthin</h1>
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<hw>Eux*an"thin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ well + <?/ yellow.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow pigment imported from India and China. It has a strong odor, and is said to be obtained from the urine of herbivorous animals when fed on the mango.  It consists if a magnesium salt of euxanthic acid. Called also <altname>puri</altname>, <altname>purree</altname>, and <altname>Indian yellow</altname>.</def>

<h1>Euxenite</h1>
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<hw>Eux"e*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hospitable. So named because it contains a number of rare elements.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A brownish black mineral with a metallic luster, found in Norway. It contains niobium, titanium, yttrium, and uranium, with some other metals.</def>

<h1>Evacate</h1>
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<hw>E*va"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>e-</ets> + <ets>vacate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To empty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Evacuant</h1>
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<hw>E*vac"u*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>evacuans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>evacuare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82vacuant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Emptying; evacuative; purgative; cathartic.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A purgative or cathartic.</def></def2>

<h1>Evacuate</h1>
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<hw>E*vac"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Evacuated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Evacuating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[l. <ets>evacuatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>evacuare</ets> to empty, nullify; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>vacuus</ets> empty, <ets>vacare</ets> to be empty. See <er>Vacate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make empty; to empty out; to remove the contents of; <as>as, to <ex>evacuate</ex> a vessel or dish</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To make empty; to deprive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Evacuate</b> the Scriptures of their most important meaning.
<i>Coleriage.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To remove; to eject; to void; o discharge, as the contents of a vessel, or of the bowels.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To withdraw from; to quit; to retire from; as, soldiers from a country, city, or fortress.</def>

<blockquote>The Norwegians were forced to <b>evacuate</b> the country.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To make void; to nullify; to vacate; <as>as, to <ex>evacuate</ex> a contract or marriage</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Evacuate</h1>
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<hw>E*vac"u*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To let blood</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Evacuation</h1>
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<hw>E*vac`u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evacuatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82vacuation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of emptying, clearing of the contents, or discharging</def>. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Withdrawal of troops from a town, fortress, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Voidance of any matter by the natural passages of the body or by an artificial opening; defecation; also, a diminution of the fluids of an animal body by cathartics, venesection, or other means.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is evacuated or discharged; especially, a discharge by stool or other natural means.</def>

<i>Quincy.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Abolition; nullification.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<cs><col>Evacuation day</col>, <cd>the anniversary of the day on which the British army evacuated the city of New York, November 25, 1783.</cd></cs>

<h1>Evacuative</h1>
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<hw>E*vac"u*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82vacuatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving of tending to evacuate; cathartic; purgative.</def>

<h1>Evacuator</h1>
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<hw>E*vac"u*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who evacuates; a nullifier.</def> "<i>Evacuators</i> of the law."

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Evacuatory</h1>
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<hw>E*vac"u*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A purgative.</def>

<h1>Evade</h1>
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<hw>E*vade"</hw> (<?/), <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Evaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt>. <er>Evading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>evadere</ets>, <ets>evasum</ets>, <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>vadere</ets> to go, walk: cf. F. s'\'82vader. See <er>Wade</er>.]</ety> <def>To get away from by artifice; to avoid by dexterity, subterfuge, address, or ingenuity; to elude; to escape from cleverly; as, to <i>evade</i> a blow, a pursuer, a punishment; to <i>evade</i> the force of an argument.

<blockquote>The heathen had a method, more truly their own, of <b>evading</b> the Christian miracles.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evade</h1>
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<hw>E*vade"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To escape; to slip away; -- sometimes with <i>from</i>.</def> "<i>Evading</i> from perils."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Unarmed they might
Have easily, as spirits <b>evaded</b> swift
By quick contraction or remove.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To attempt to escape; to practice artifice or sophistry, for the purpose of eluding.</def>

<blockquote>The ministers of God are not to <b>evade</b> and take refuge any of these . . . ways.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn>- To equivocate; shuffle. See <er>Prevaricate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Evadible</h1>
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<hw>E*vad"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being evaded.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Evagation</h1>
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<hw>Ev`a*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evagatio</ets>, fr. <ets>evagari</ets> to wander forth: cf. F. <ets>\'82vagation</ets>. See <er>Vagary</er>.]</ety> <def>A wandering about; excursion; a roving.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Evagination</h1>
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<hw>E*vag`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evaginatio</ets> an extending, <ets>evaginare</ets> to unsheathe; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>vagina</ets> sheath.]</ety> <def>The act of unsheathing.</def>

<h1>Eval</h1>
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<hw>E"val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aevum</ets> lifetime, age, eternity.]</ety> <def>Relating to time or duration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Evaluate</h1>
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<hw>E*val"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Evaluation</er>.]</ety> <def>To fix the value of; to rate; to appraise.</def>

<h1>Evaluation</h1>
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<hw>E*val`u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82valuation</ets>, LL. <ets>evaluatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Valuation; appraisement.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Evanesce</h1>
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<hw>Ev`a*nesce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Evanesced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Evanescing</er>. <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>evanescere</ets>; e out + <ets>vanescere</ets> to vanish, fr. <ets>vanus</ets> empty, vain. See <er>Vain</er>, and cf. <er>Evanish</er>.]</ety> <def>To vanish away; to because dissipated and disappear, like vapor.</def>

<blockquote>I believe him to have <b>evanesced</b> or evaporated.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evanescence</h1>
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<hw>Ev`a*nes"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or state of vanishing away; disappearance; <as>as, the <ex>evanescence</ex> of vapor, of a dream, of earthly plants or hopes</as>.</def>

<i>Rambler.</i>

<h1>Evanescent</h1>
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<hw>Ev`a*nes"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evanescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>evanescere</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Liable to vanish or pass away like vapor; vanishing; fleeting; <as>as, <ex>evanescent</ex> joys</as>.</def>

<blockquote>So <b>evanescent</b> are the fashions of the world in these particulars.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Vanishing from notice; imperceptible.</def>

<blockquote>The difference between right and wrong, is some petty cases, is almost <b>evanescent</b>.
<i>Wollaston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evanescently</h1>
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<hw>Ev`a*nes"cent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv. In a vanishing manner</tt><def>; <i>imperceptibly</i>.</def>

<i>Chalmers.</i>

<h1>Evangel</h1>
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<hw>E*van"gel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82vangile</ets>, L. <ets>evangelium</ets>, Gr. <?/ good news, glad tidings, gospel, fr. <?/ bringing good news; <?/ well + <?/ to bear a message. See <er>Eu-</er>, and cf. <er>Evangely</er>.]</ety> <def>Good news; announcement of glad tidings; especially, the gospel, or a gospel.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Her funeral anthem is a glad <b>evangel</b>.
<i>Whittier.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evangelian</h1>
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<hw>E`van*ge"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rendering thanks for favors.</def>

<h1>Evangelic</h1>
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<hw>E`van*gel"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evangelicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>\'82vang\'82lique</ets>. See <er>Evangel</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or contained in, the gospel; evangelical.</def> "<i>Evangelic</i> truth."

<i>J. Foster.</i>

<h1>Evangelical</h1>
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<hw>E`van*gel"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Contained in, or relating to, the four Gospels; <as>as, the <ex>evangelical</ex> history</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Belonging to, agreeable or consonant to, or contained in, the gospel, or the truth taught in the New Testament; <as>as, <ex>evangelical</ex> religion</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Earnest for the truth taught in the gospel; strict in interpreting Christian doctrine; pre\'89minetly orthodox; -- technically applied to that party in the Church of England, and in the Protestant Episcopal Church, which holds the doctrine of "Justification by Faith alone"; the Low Church party. The term is also applied to other religion bodies not regarded as orthodox.</def>

<cs><col>Evangelical Alliance</col>, <cd>an alliance for mutual strengthening and common work, comprising Christians of different denominations and countries, organized in Liverpool, England, in 1845.</cd> -- <col>Evangelical Church</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The Protestant Church in Germany.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A church founded by a fusion of Lutherans and Calvinists in Germany in 1817.</cd> -- <col>Evangelical Union</col>, <cd>a religion sect founded in Scotland in 1843 by the Rev. James Morison; -- called also <altname>Morisonians</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Evangelical</h1>
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<hw>E`van*gel"ic*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of evangelical principles.</def>

<h1>Evangelicalism</h1>
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<hw>E`van*gel"ic*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adherence to evangelical doctrines; evangelism.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Evangelically</h1>
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<hw>E`van*gel"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an evangelical manner.</def>

<h1>Evangelicalness</h1>
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<hw>E`van*gel"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being evangelical.</def>

<h1>Evangelicism</h1>
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<hw>E`van*gel"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Evangelical principles; evangelism.</def>

<h1>Evangelicity</h1>
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<hw>E*van`ge*lic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Evangelicism.</def>

<h1>Evangelism</h1>
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<hw>E*van"gel*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The preaching or promulgation of the gospel.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Evangelist</h1>
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<hw>E*van"gel*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82vang\'82liste</ets>, L. <ets>evangelista</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A bringer of the glad tidings of Church and his doctrines. Specially: <sd>(a)</sd> A missionary preacher sent forth to prepare the way for a resident pastor; an itinerant missionary preacher. <sd>(b)</sd> A writer of one of the four Gospels (With the definite article); <as>as, the four <ex>evangelists</ex>, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John</as>. <sd>(c)</sd> A traveling preacher whose efforts are chiefly directed to arouse to immediate repentance.</def>

<blockquote>The Apostles, so far as they evangelized, might claim the tittle though there were many <b>evangelists</b> who were not Apistles.
<i>Plumptre.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evangelistary</h1>
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<hw>E*van`gel*is"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>evangelistarium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A selection of passages from the Gospels, as a lesson in divine service.</def>

<i>Porson.</i>

<h1>Evangelistic</h1>
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<hw>E*van`gel*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the four evangelists; designed or fitted to evangelize; evangelical; <as>as, <ex>evangelistic</ex> efforts</as>.</def>

<h1>Evangelization</h1>
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<hw>E*van`gel*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of evangelizing; the state of being evangelized.</def>

<blockquote>The work of Christ's ministers is <b>evangelization</b>.
<i>Hobbes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evangelize</h1>
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<hw>E*van"gel*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Evangelized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Evangelizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>]</wordforms>. <ety>[F. <ets>\'82vang\'82lisre</ets>, LL. <ets>evangelizare</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To instruct in the gospel; to preach the gospel to; to convert to Christianity; <as>as, to <ex>evangelize</ex> the world</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His apostles whom he sends
To <b>evangelize</b> the nations.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evangelize</h1>
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<hw>E*van"gel*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To preach the gospel.</def>

<h1>Evangely</h1>
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<hw>E*van"ge*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Evangel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The sacred pledge of Christ's <b>evangely</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evangile</h1>
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<hw>E*van"gile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82vangile</ets>. See <er>Evangel</er>.]</ety> <def>Good tidings; evangel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Above all, the Servians . . . read, with much avidity, the <b>evangile</b> of their freedom.
<i>Londor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evanid</h1>
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<hw>E*van"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evanidus</ets>, fr. <ets>evanescere</ets>. See <er>Evanesce</er>.]</ety> <def>Liable to vanish or disappear; faint; weak; evanescent; <as>as, <ex>evanid</ex> color</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They are very transistory and <b>evanid</b>.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evanish</h1>
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<hw>E*van"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>e-</ets> + <ets>vanish</ets>: cf. L. <ets>evanescere</ets>. See <er>Evanesce</er>, <er>vanish</er>.]</ety> <def>To vanish.</def>

<blockquote>Or like the rainbow's lovely form,
<b>Evanishing</b> amid the storm.
<i>Burns.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evanishment</h1>
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<hw>E*van"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A vanishing; disappearance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>T. Jefferson.</i>

<h1>Evaporable</h1>
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<hw>E*vap"o*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being converted into vapor, or dissipated by evaporation.</def>

<h1>Evaporate</h1>
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<hw>E*vap"o*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Evaporated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Evaporating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>evaporatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>evaporare</ets>; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>vapor</ets> steam or vapor. See <er>Vapor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pass off in vapor, as a fluid; to escape and be dissipated, either in visible vapor, or in practice too minute to be visible.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To escape or pass off without effect; to be dissipated; to be wasted, <as>as, the spirit of writer often <ex>evaporates</ex> in the process of translation</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To give moderate liberty for griefs and discontents to <b>evaporate</b> . . . is a safe way.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evaporate</h1>
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<hw>E*vap"o*rate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To convert from a liquid or solid state into vapor (usually) by the agency of heat; to dissipate in vapor or fumes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To expel moisture from (usually by means of artificial heat), leaving the solid portion; to subject to evaporation; <as>as, to <ex>evaporate</ex> apples</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give vent to; to dissipate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>My lord of Essex <b>evaporated</b> his thoughts in a sonnet.
<i>Sir. H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Evaporating surface</col> <fld>(Steam Boilers)</fld>, <cd>that part of the heating surface with which water is in contact.</cd></cs>

<h1>Evaporate</h1>
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<hw>E*vap"o*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evaporatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Dispersed in vapors.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Evaporation</h1>
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<hw>E*vap`o*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evaporatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82vaporation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The process by which any substance is converted from a liquid state into, and carried off in, vapor; <as>as, the <ex>evaporation</ex> of water, of ether, of camphor</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The transformation of a portion of a fluid into vapor, in order to obtain the fixed matter contained in it in a state of greater consistence.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is evaporated; vapor.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>See <er>Vaporization</er>.</def>

<h1>Evaporaive</h1>
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<hw>E*vap"o*ra*ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evaporatius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82vaporatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or producing, evaporation; <as>as, the <ex>evaporative</ex> process</as>.</def>

<h1>Evaporator</h1>
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<hw>E*vap"o*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An apparatus for condensing vegetable juices, or for drying fruit by heat.</def>

<h1>Evaporometer</h1>
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<hw>E*vap`o*rom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evaporare</ets> to evaporate + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82vaporm\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for ascertaining the quantity of a fluid evaporated in a given time; an atmometer.</def>

<h1>Evasible</h1>
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<hw>E*va"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be evaded.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Evasion</h1>
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<hw>E*va"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evasio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82vasion</ets>. See <er>Evade</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of eluding or avoiding, particularly the pressure of an argument, accusation, charge, or interrogation; artful means of eluding.</def>

<blockquote>Thou . . . by <b>evasions</b> thy crime uncoverest more.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Shift; subterfuge; shuffling; prevarication; equivocation.</syn>

<h1>Evasive</h1>
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<hw>E*va"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82vasif</ets>. See <er>Evade</er>.]</ety> <def>Tending to evade, or marked by evasion; elusive; shuffling; avoiding by artifice.</def>

<blockquote>Thus he, though conscious of the ethereal guest,
Answered <b>evasive</b> of the sly request.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Stammered out a few <b>evasive</b> phrases.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>E*va"sive*ly</wf> , <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>E*va"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Eve</h1>
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<hw>Eve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Even</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Evening.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Winter oft, at <b>eve</b> resumes the breeze.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The evening before a holiday, -- from the Jewish mode of reckoning the day as beginning at sunset. not at midnight; <as>as, Christians <ex>eve</ex> is the evening before Christmas</as>; also, the period immediately preceding some important event.</def> "On the <i>eve</i> of death."

<i>Keble.</i>

<cs><col>Eve churr</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld>, <cd>the European goatsucker or nightjar; -- called also <altname>night churr</altname>, and <altname>churr owl</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Evectics</h1>
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<hw>E*vec"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ healthy.]</ety> <def>The branch of medical science which teaches the method of acquiring a good habit of body.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Evection</h1>
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<hw>E*vec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>evectio</ets> a going up, fr. <ets>evehere</ets> to carry out; <ets>e out</ets> + <ets>vehere</ets> to carry: cf. F <ets>\'82vection</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of carrying up or away; exaltation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An inequality of the moon's motion is its orbit to the attraction of the sun, by which the equation of the center is diminished at the syzygies, and increased at the quadratures by about 1&deg; 20\'b7.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The libration of the moon.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Even</h1>
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<hw>E"ven</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>eve</ets>, <ets>even</ets>, <ets>efen</ets>, <ets>\'91fen</ets>. AS. <ets>\'d6fen</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>\'beband</ets>, OFries, <ets>\'bevend</ets>, D. <ets>avond</ets>, OHG. <ets>\'beband</ets>, Icel. <ets>aptan</ets>, Sw. <ets>afton</ets>, Dan. <ets>aften</ets>; of unknown origin. Cf. <er>Eve</er>, <er>Evening</er>.]</ety> Evening. See <er>Eve</er>, <tt>n.</tt> 1.</def> <mark>[Poetic.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Even</h1>
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<hw>E"ven</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>efen</ets>. <ets>efn</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>eban</ets>, D. <ets>even</ets>, OHG. <ets>eban</ets>, G. <ets>efen</ets>, Icel. <ets>jafn</ets>, Dan. <ets>jevn</ets>, Sw. <ets>j\'84mn</ets>, Goth. <ets>ibns</ets>. Cf. <er>Anent</er>, <er>Ebb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Level, smooth, or equal in surface; not rough; free from irregularities; hence uniform in rate of motion of action; <as>as, <ex>even</ex> ground; an <ex>even</ex> speed; an even course of conduct.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Equable; not easily ruffed or disturbed; calm; uniformly self-possessed; <as>as, an <ex>even</ex> temper</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Parallel; on a level; reaching the same limit.</def>

<blockquote>And shall lay thee <b>even</b> with the ground.
<i>Luke xix. 44.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Balanced; adjusted; fair; equitable; impartial; just to both side; owing nothing on either side; -- said of accounts, bargains, or persons indebted; <as>as, our accounts are <ex>even</ex>; <ex>an even</ex> bargain.</as></def>

<blockquote>To make the <b>even</b> truth in pleasure flow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Without an irregularity, flaw, or blemish; pure.</def> "I know my life so <i>even</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Associate; fellow; of the same condition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "His <i>even</i> servant."

<i>Wyclif (Matt.<?/).</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Not odd; capable of division by two without a remainder; -- said of numbers; <as>as, 4 and 10 are <ex>even</ex> numbers</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whether the number of the stars is <b>even</b> or odd.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>On even ground</col>, <cd>with equal advantage.</cd> -- <col>On even keel</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>in a level or horizontal position.</cd></cs>

<h1>Even</h1>
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<hw>E"ven</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Evened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Evening</er> <tt>(?)</tt>]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make even or level; to level; to lay smooth.</def>

<blockquote>His temple Xerxes <b>evened</b> with the soil.
<i>Sir. W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It will <b>even</b> all inequalities
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To equal</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>even</i> him in valor."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To place in an equal state, as to obligation, or in a state in which nothing is due on either side; to balance, as accounts; to make quits.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To set right; to complete.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To act up to; to keep pace with.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Even</h1>
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<hw>E"ven</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be equal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. Carew.</i>

<h1>Even</h1>
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<hw>E"ven</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>efne</ets>. See <er>Even</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>E'en</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In an equal or precisely similar manner; equally; precisely; just; likewise; as well.</def> "Is it <i>even</i> so?"

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote><b>Even</b> so did these Gauls possess the coast.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Up to, or down to, an unusual measure or level; so much as; fully; quite.</def>

<blockquote>Thou wast a soldier
<b>Even</b> to Cato's wish.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Without . . . making us <b>even</b> sensible of the change.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>As might not be expected; -- serving to introduce what is unexpected or less expected.</def>

<blockquote>I have made several discoveries, which appear new, <b>even</b> to those who are versed in critical learning.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>At the very time; in the very case.</def>

<blockquote>I knew they were had enough to please, <b>even</b> when I wrote them.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Even</i> is sometimes used to emphasize a word or phrase. "I have debated <i>even</i> in my soul."</note>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>By these presence, <b>even</b> the presence of Lord Mortimer.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evene</h1>
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<hw>E*vene"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evenire</ets>. See <er>Event</er>.]</ety> <def>To happen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hewyt.</i>

<h1>Evener</h1>
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<hw>E"ven*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which makes even.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In vehicles, a swinging crossbar, to the ends of which other crossbars, or whiffletrees, are hung, to equalize the draught when two or three horses are used abreast.</def>

<h1>Evenfall</h1>
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<hw>E"ven*fall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Beginning of evening.</def> "At the quiet <i>evenfall</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Evenhand</h1>
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<hw>E"ven*hand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Equality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Evenhanded</h1>
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<hw>E"ven*hand`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fair or impartial; unbiased. "<i>Evenhanded</i> justice." <i>Shak.</i></def> -- <wordforms><wf>E"ven*hand`ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>E"ven*hand`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <tt><?/.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Evening</h1>
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<hw>E"ven*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'d6fnung</ets>. See <er>even</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Eve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The latter part and close of the day, and the beginning of darkness or night; properly, the decline of the day, or of the sum.</def>

<blockquote>In the ascending scale
Of heaven, the stars that usher <b>evening</b> rose.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Sometimes, especially in the Southern parts of the United States, the afternoon is called <i>evening</i>.</note>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The latter portion, as of life; the declining period, as of strength or glory.</def>

<note>&hand; Sometimes used adjectively; as, <i>evening</i> gun. "<i>Evening</i> Prayer."</note>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Evening flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of iridaceous plants (<spn>Hesperantha</spn>) from the Cape of Good Hope, with sword-shaped leaves, and sweet-scented flowers which expand in the evening.</cd> -- <col>Evening grosbeak</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American singing bird (<spn>Coccothraustes vespertina</spn>) having a very large bill. Its color is olivaceous, with the crown, wings, and tail black, and the under tail coverts yellow. So called because it sings in the evening.</cd> -- <col>Evening primrose</col>. <cd>See under <er>Primrose</er>.</cd> -- <col>The evening star</col>, <cd>the bright star of early evening in the western sky, soon passing below the horizon; specifically, the planet Venus; -- called also <altname>Vesper</altname> and <altname>Hesperus</altname>. During portions of the year, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn are also evening stars. See <er>Morning Star</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Evenly</h1>
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<hw>E"ven*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With an even, level, or smooth surface; without roughness, elevations, or depression; uniformly; equally; comfortably; impartially; serenely.</def>

<h1>Evenminded</h1>
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<hw>E"ven*mind`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having equanimity.</def>

<h1>Evenness</h1>
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<hw>E"ven*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being ven, level, or disturbed; smoothness; horizontal position; uniformity; impartiality; calmness; equanimity; appropriate place or level; <as>as, <ex>evenness</ex> of surface, of a fluid at rest, of motion, of dealings, of temper, of condition</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It had need be something extraordinary, that must warrant an ordinary person to rise higher than his own <b>evenness</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evensong</h1>
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<hw>E"ven*song`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'d6fensang</ets>.]</ety> <def>A song for the evening; the evening service or form of worship (in the Church of England including vespers and compline); also, the time of evensong.</def>

<i>Wyclif. Milton.</i>

<h1>Event</h1>
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<hw>E*vent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eventus</ets>, fr. <ets>evenire</ets> to happen, come out; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>venire</ets> to come. See <er>Come</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which comes, arrives, or happens; that which falls out; any incident, good or bad.</def> "The <i>events</i> of his early years."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>To watch quietly the course of <b>events</b>.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. )</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is one <b>event</b> to the righteous, and to the wicked.
<i>Eccl. ix. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An affair in hand; business; enterprise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Leave we him to his <i>events</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The consequence of anything; the issue; conclusion; result; that in which an action, operation, or series of operations, terminates.</def>

<blockquote>Dark doubts between the promise and <b>event</b>.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Incident; occurrence; adventure; issue; result; termination; consequence; conclusion.</syn>  -- <usage><er>Event</er>, <er>Occurrence</er>, <er>Incident</er>, <er>Circumstance</er>. An <i>event</i> denotes that which arises from a preceding state of things. Hence we speak or watching the <i>event</i>; of tracing the progress of <i>events</i>. An <i>occurrence</i> has no reference to any antecedents, but simply marks that which <i>meets</i> us in our progress through life, as if by chance, or in the course of divine providence. The things which thus meet us, if important, are usually connected with antecedents; and hence <i>event</i> is the leading term. In the "Declaration of Independence" it is said, "When, in the cource of human <i>events</i>, it becomes necessary." etc. Here, <i>occurrences</i> would be out of place. An <i>incident</i> is that which <i>falls into</i> a state of things to which is does not primarily belong; as, the <i>incidents</i> of a journey. The term is usually applied to things of secondary importance. A <i>circumstance</i> is one of the things surrounding us in our path of life. These may differ greatly in importance; but they are always <i>outsiders</i>, which operate upon us from without, exerting greater or less influence according to their intrinsic importance. A person giving an account of a campaign might dwell on the leading <i>events</i> which it produced; might mention some of its striking <i>occurrences</i>; might allude to some remarkable <i>incidents</i> which attended it; and might give the details of the favorable or adverse <i>circumstances</i> which marked its progress.</usage><-- events which produced it? -->

<-- p. 517  -->

<h1>Event</h1>
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<hw>E*vent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82venter</ets> to fan, divulge, LL. <ets>eventare</ets> to fan, fr., L. <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>ventus</ets> wind.]</ety> <def>To break forth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Eventerate</h1>
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<hw>E*ven"ter*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>venter</ets> the belly: cf. F. <ets>\'82venter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To rip open; todisembowel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir. T. Brown.</i>

<h1>Eventful</h1>
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<hw>E*vent"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of, or rich in, events or incidents; <as>as, an <ex>eventful</ex> journey; an <ex>eventful</ex> period of history; an <ex>eventful</ex> period of life.</as></def>

<h1>Eventide</h1>
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<hw>E"ven*tide`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'d6fent\'c6d</ets>. See <er>Tide</er>.]</ety> <def>The time of evening; evening.</def> <mark>[Poetic.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Eventilate</h1>
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<hw>E*ven"ti*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eventilatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>eventilare</ets> to fan. See <er>Ventilate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To winnow out; to fan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To discuss; to ventilate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Eventilation</h1>
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<hw>E*ven`ti*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of eventilating; discussion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Berkely.</i>

<h1>Eventless</h1>
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<hw>E*vent"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without events; tame; monotomous; marked by nothing unusual; uneventful.</def>

<h1>Eventognathi</h1>
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<hw>Ev`en*tog"na*thi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Dr. <?/ well + <?/ within <?/ the jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes including a vast number of freshwater species such as the carp, loach, chub, etc.</def>

<h1>Eventration</h1>
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<hw>E`ven*tra*tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>venter</ets> belly.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tumor containing a large portion of the abdominal viscera, occasioned by relaxation of the walls of the abdomen.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A wound, of large extent, in the abdomen, through which the greater part of the intestines protrude.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The act af disemboweling.</def>

<h1>Eventtual</h1>
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<hw>E*vent"tu*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82ventiel</ets>. See <er>Event</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Coming or happening as a consequence or result; consequential.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Final; ultimate.</def> "<i>Eventual</i> success."

<i>Cooper.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Dependent on events; contingent.</def>

<i>Marshall.</i>

<h1>Eventuality</h1>
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<hw>E*ven`tu*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Eventualities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82ventualit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The coming as a consequence; contingency; also, an event which comes as a consequence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>Disposition to take cognizance of events.</def>

<h1>Eventually</h1>
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<hw>E*ven"tu*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an eventual manner; finally; ultimately.</def>

<h1>Eventuate</h1>
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<hw>E*ven"tu*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Eventuated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Eventuating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To come out finally or in conclusion; to result; to come to pass.</def>

<h1>Eventuation</h1>
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<hw>E*ven`tu*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of eventuating or happening as a result; the outcome.</def>

<i>R. W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Ever</h1>
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<hw>Ev"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ever</ets>, <ets>\'91fre</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91fre</ets>; perh. akin to AS. <ets>\'be</ets> always. Cf. <er>Aye</er>, <er>Age</er>,<er>Evry</er>, <er>Never</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Sometimes contracted into <asp>e'er</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At any time; at any period or point of time.</def>

<blockquote>No man <b>ever</b> yet hated his own flesh.
<i>Eph. v. 29.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>At all times; through all time; always; forever.</def>

<blockquote>He shall <b>ever</b> love, and always be
The subject of by scorn and cruelty.
<i>Dryder.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Without cessation; continually.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Ever</i> is sometimes used as an intensive or a word of enforcement. "His the old man <i>e'er</i> a son?"</note>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>To produce as much as <b>ever</b> they can.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ever and anon</col>, <cd>now and then; often. See under <er>Anon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ever is one</col>, <cd>continually; constantly. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <i>Chaucer.</i> -- <col>Ever so</col>, <cd>in whatever degree; to whatever extent; -- used to intensify indefinitely the meaning of the associated adjective or adverb. See <cref>Never so</cref>, under <er>Never</er>.</cd>   "Let him be <i>ever so<i> rich." <i>Emerson.</i>

<blockquote>And all the question (wrangle <b>e'er so</b> long),
Is only this, if God has placed him wrong.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You spend <b>ever so</b> much money in entertaining your equals and betters.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>For ever</col>, <cd>eternally. See <er>Forever</er>.</cd> -- <col>For ever and a day</col>, <cd>emphatically forever.</cd> <i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>She [Fortune] soon wheeled away, with scornful laughter, out of sight <b>for ever and day</b>.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Or ever</col> (for <i>or ere<i>), <cd>before. See <er>Or</er>, <er>ere</er>.</cd> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Would I had met my dearest foe in heaven
<b>Or ever</b> I had seen that day, Horatio!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
</cs>

<note>&hand; <i>Ever</i> is sometimes joined to its adjective by a hyphen, but in most cases the hyphen is needless; as, <i>ever memorable</i>, <i>ever watchful</i>, <i>ever burning</i>.</note>

<h1>Everduring</h1>
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<hw>Ev`er*dur"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Everlasting.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Everglade</h1>
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<hw>Ev`er*glade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A swamp or low tract of land inundated with water and interspersed with hummocks, or small islands, and patches of high grass; <as>as, the <ex>everglades</ex> of Florida</as>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Evergreen</h1>
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<hw>Ev"er*green</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Remaining unwithered through the winter, or retaining unwithered leaves until the leaves of the next year are expanded, as pines cedars, hemlocks, and the like.</def>

<h1>Evergreen</h1>
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<hw>Ev"er*green</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An evergreen plant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Twigs and branches of evergreen plants used for decoration.</def> "The funeral <i>evengreens</i> entwine."

<i>Keble.</i>

<h1>Everich, Everych</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ev"er*ich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ev"er*ych</hw><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. see <er>Every</er>.]</ety> <def>each one; every one; each of two. See <er>Every</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Everichon, Everychon</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ev`er*ich*on"</hw>, <hw>Ev`er*ych*on"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>everich + oon</ets>, <ets>on</ets>, one. See <er>Every</er>, and <er>One</er>.]</ety> <def>Every one.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Everlasting</h1>
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<hw>Ever*last"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lasting or enduring forever; exsisting or continuing without end; immoral; eternal.</def> "The <i>Everlasting</i> God."

<i>Gen. xx1. 33.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Continuing indefinitely, or during a long period; perpetual; sometimes used, colloquially, as a strong intensive; <as>as, this <ex>everlasting</ex> nonsence</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I will give to thee, and to thy seed after thee . . . the land of Canaan, for an <b>everlasting</b> possession.
<i>Gen xvii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And heard thy <b>everlasting</b> yawn confess
The pains and penalties of idleness.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Eternal; immortal, interminable; endless; never-ending; infinite; unceasing; uninterrupted; continual; unintermitted; incessant.</syn> <usage>- <er>Everlasting</er>, <er>Eternal</er>. <i>Eternal</i> denotes (when taken strictly) without beginning or end of duration; <i>everlasting</i> is sometimes used in our version of the Scriptures in the sense of <i>eternal</i>, but in modern usage is confined to the future, and implies no intermission as well as no end.</usage>

<blockquote>Whether we shall meet again I know not;
Therefore our <b>everlasting</b> farewell take;
Forever, and forever farewell, Cassius.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Everlasting flower</col>. <cd>Sane as <er>Everlasting</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Everlasting pea</col>, <cd>an ornamental plant (<spn>Lathyrus latifolius</spn>) related to the pea; -- so called because it is perennial.</cd></cs>

<h1>Enerlasting</h1>
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<hw>En`er*last"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Eternal duration, past of future; eternity.</def>

<blockquote>From <b>everlasting</b> to <b>everlasting</b>, thou art God.
<i>Ps. xc. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>(With the definite article) The Eternal Being; God.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant whose flowers may be dried without losing their form or color, <as>as the pearly <ex>everlasting</ex> (<spn>Anaphalis margaritacea</spn>), the immortelle of the French, the cudweeds, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A cloth fabic for shoes, etc. See <er>Lasting</er>.</def>

<h1>Everlastingly</h1>
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<hw>Ev`er*last"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an everlasting manner.</def>

<h1>Everlastingness</h1>
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<hw>Ev`er*last"ing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being everlasting; endless duration; indefinite duration.</def>

<h1>Everliving</h1>
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<hw>Ev`er*liv"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Living always; immoral; eternal; <as>as, the <ex>everliving</ex> God</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Continual; incessant; unintermitted.</def>

<h1>Evermore</h1>
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<hw>Ev`er*more"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>During eternity; always; forever; for an indefinite period; at all times; -- often used substantively with <i>for</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Seek the Lord . . . Seek his face <b>evermore</b>.
<i>Ps. cv. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And, behold, I am alive for <b>evermore</b>.
<i>Rev. i. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Which flow from the presence of God for <b>evermore</b>.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>evermore</b> did love you, Hermia.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evernic</h1>
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<hw>E*ver"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to <i>Evernia</i>, a genus of lichens; <as>as, <ex>evernic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Everse</h1>
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<hw>E*verse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eversus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>evertere</ets> to turn out, overthrow; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>vertere</ets> to turn. Cf. <er>Evert</er>.]</ety> <def>To overthrow or subvert.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Eversion</h1>
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<hw>E*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eversio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82version</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of eversing; destruction.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being turned back or outward; <as>as, <ex>eversion</ex> of eyelids</as>; ectropium.</def>

<h1>Eversive</h1>
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<hw>E*ver"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to evert or overthrow; subversive; with <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>A maxim <b>eversive</b> . . . of all justice and morality.
<i>Geddes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evert</h1>
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<hw>E*vert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Everted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Everting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>evertere</ets>. See <er>Everse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To overthrow; to subvert.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To turn outwards, or inside out, as an intestine.</def>

<h1>Every</h1>
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<hw>Ev"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & a. pron.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>everich</ets>, <ets>everilk</ets>; AS. <ets><?/fre</ets> ever + <ets>\'91lc</ets> each. See <er>Ever</er>, <er>each</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>All the parts which compose a whole collection or aggregate number, considered in their individuality, all taken separately one by one, out of an indefinite bumber.</def>

<blockquote><b>Every</b> man at his best state is altogether vanity.
<i>Ps. xxxix. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Every</b> door and window was adorned with wreaths of flowers.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Every one. Cf.</def> <er>Each</er>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Every</i> of your wishes."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Daily occasions given to <b>every</b> of us.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Every each</col>, <cd>every one. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Every each<i> of them hath some vices." <i>Burton.</i>.</cd> -- <col>Every now and then</col>, <cd>at short intervals; occasionally; repeatedly; frequently. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<note>&hand; <i>Every</i> may, by way of emphasis, precede the article <i>the</i> with a superlative adjective; as, <i>every</i>, <i>the least</i> variation.</note>

<i>Locke.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Every</er>, <er>Each</er>, <er>Any</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Any</i> denotes one, or some, taken indifferently from the individuals which compose a class. <i>Every</i> differs from <i>each</i> in giving less promonence to the selection of the individual. <i>Each</i> relates to two or more individuals of a class. It refers definitely to <i>every</i> one of them, denoting that they are considered separately, one by one, all being included; as, <i>each</i> soldier was receiving a dollar per day. <i>Every</i> relates to more than two and brings into greater prominence the notion that not one of all considered is excepted; as, <i>every</i> soldier was on service, except the cavalry, that is, all the soldiers, etc.</usage>

<blockquote>In <b>each</b> division there were four pentecosties, in <b>every</b> pentecosty four enomoties, and of <b>each</b> enomoty there fought in the front rank four [soldiers].
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If society is to be kept together and the children of Adam to be saved from setting up <b>each</b> for himself with <b>every</b> one else his foe.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Everybody</h1>
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<hw>Ev"er*y*bod`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Every person.</def>

<h1>Everyday</h1>
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<hw>Ev"er*y*day`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Used or fit for every day; common; usual; <as>as, an <ex>everyday</ex> suit or clothes</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The mechanical drudgery of his <b>everyday</b> employment.
<i>Sir. J. Herchel.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Everyone</h1>
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<hw>Ev"er*y*one`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>everychon</ets>.]</ety> <def>Everybody; -- commonly separated, <i>every one</i>.</def>

<h1>Everything</h1>
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<hw>Ev"er*y*thing`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Whatever pertains to the subject under consideration; all things.</def>

<blockquote>More wise, more learned, more just, more <b>everything</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Everywhen</h1>
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<hw>Ev"er*y*when`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>At any or all times; every instant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Eternal law is silently present everywhere and <i>everywhen</i>."

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Everywhere</h1>
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<hw>Ev"er*y*where`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In every place; in all places; hence, in every part; throughly; altogether.</def>

<h1>Everywhereness</h1>
<Xpage=517>

<hw>Ev"er*y*where`ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ubiquity; omnipresence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Evesdrop</h1>
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<hw>Eves"drop`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Eavesdrop</er>.</def>

<h1>Evesdropper</h1>
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<hw>Eves"drop`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Eavesdropper</er>.</def>

<h1>Evestigate</h1>
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<hw>E*ves"ti*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evestigatus</ets> traced out; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>vestigatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>vestigare</ets>. See <er>Vestigate</er>.]</ety> <def>To investigate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Evet</h1>
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<hw>Ev"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Eft</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common newt or eft. In America often applied to several species of aquatic salamanders.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>evat</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Evibrate</h1>
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<hw>E*vi"brate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evibrare</ets>. See <er>Vibrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To vibrate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Evict</h1>
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<hw>E*vict"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Evicted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Evicting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>evictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>evincere</ets> to overcome completely, evict. See <er>Evince</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To dispossess by a judicial process; to dispossess by paramount right or claim of such right; to eject; to oust.</def>

<blockquote>The law of England would speedily <b>evict</b> them out of their possession.
<i>Sir. J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To evince; to prove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Eviction</h1>
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<hw>E*vic"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evictio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82viction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of evicting; or state of being evicted; the recovery of lands, tenements, etc., from another's possession by due course of law; dispossession by paramount title or claim of such title; ejectment; ouster.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conclusive evidence; proof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Full <b>eviction</b> of this fatal truth.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evidence</h1>
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<hw>Ev"i*dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82vidence</ets>, L. <ets>Evidentia</ets>. See <er>Evident</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which makes evident or manifest; that which furnishes, or tends to furnish, proof; any mode of proof; the ground of belief or judgement; <as>as, the <ex>evidence</ex> of our senses; <ex>evidence</ex> of the truth or falsehood of a statement.</as></def>

<blockquote>Faith is . . . the <b>evidence</b> of things not seen.
<i>Heb. xi. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O glorious trial of exceeding love
Illustrious <b>evidence</b>, example high.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who bears witness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Infamous and perjured <i>evidences</i>."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>That which is legally submitted to competent tribunal, as a means of ascertaining the truth of any alleged matter of fact under investigation before it; means of making proof; -- the latter, strictly speaking, not being synonymous with <i>evidence</i>, but rather the effect of it.</def>

<i>Greenleaf.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Circumstantial evidence</col>, <col>Conclusive evidence</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Circumstantial</er>, <er>Conclusive</er>, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Crown's, King's, &or; <col>Queen's</col> <col>evidence</col>, <cd>evidence for the crown.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>State's evidence</col>, <cd>evidence for the government or the people.</cd> <mark>[U. S. ]</mark> -- <col>To turn</col> <col>King's, Queen's &or; State's</col> <col>evidence</col></mcol>, <cd>to confess a crime and give evidence against one's accomplices.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Testimony; proof. See <er>Tesimony</er>.</syn>

<h1>Evidence</h1>
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<hw>Ev"i*dence</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Evidenced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p, pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Evidencing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To render evident or clear; to prove; to evince; <as>as, to <ex>evidence</ex> a fact, or the guilt of an offender</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Evidencer</h1>
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<hw>Ev"i*den*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whi gives evidence.</def>

<h1>Evident</h1>
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<hw>Ev"i*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'82vinent</ets>, l. <ets>evidens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>videns</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>videre</ets> to see. See <er>Vision</er>.]</ety> <def>Clear to the vision; especially, clear to the understanding, and satisfactory to the judgment; <as>as, the figure or color of a body is <ex>evident</ex> to the senses; the guilt of an offender can not always be made <ex>evident</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Your honor and your goodness is so <b>evident</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And in our faces <b>evident</b> the sings
Of foul concupiscence.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Manifest; plain; clear; obvious; visible; apparent; conclusive; indubitable; palpable; notorious. See <er>Manifest</er>.</syn>

<h1>Evidential</h1>
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<hw>Ev`i*den"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or affording, evidence; indicative; especially, relating to the evidences of Christianity.</def> <i>Bp. Fleetwood.</i> "<i>Evidential</i> tracks." <i>Earle.</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ev`i*den"tial*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Evidentiary</h1>
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<hw>Ev`i*den"ti*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnishing evidence; asserting; proving; evidential.</def>

<blockquote>When a fact is supposed, although incorrectly, to be <b>evidentiary</b> of, a mark of, some other fact.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evidently</h1>
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<hw>Ev"i*dent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an evident manner; clearly; plainly.</def>

<blockquote>Before whose eyes Jesus Christ hath been <b>evidently</b> set forth.
<i>Gal. iii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He has <b>evidently</b> in the prime of youth.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evidentness</h1>
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<hw>Ev"i*dent*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being evident.</def>

<h1>Evigilation</h1>
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<hw>E*vig`i*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evigilatio</ets>; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>vigilare</ets> to be awake. See <er>Vigilant</er>.]</ety> <def>A waking up or awakening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Evil</h1>
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<hw>E*vil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>evel</ets>, <ets>evil</ets>, <ets>ifel</ets>, <ets>uvel</ets>, AS. <ets>yfel</ets>; akin to OFries, <ets>evel</ets>, D. <ets>euvel</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>ubil</ets>, G. <ets>\'81bel</ets>, Goth. <ets>ubils</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>over</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having qualities tending to injury and mischief; having a nature or properties which tend to badness; mischievous; not good; worthless or deleterious; poor; <as>as, an <ex>evil</ex> beast; and <ex>evil</ex> plant; an <ex>evil</ex> crop.</as></def>

<blockquote>A good tree can not bring forth <b>evil</b> fruit.
<i>Matt. vii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having or exhibiting bad moral qualities; morally corrupt; wicked; wrong; vicious; <as>as, <ex>evil</ex> conduct, thoughts, heart, words, and the like</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Ah, what a sign it is of <b>evil</b> life,
When death's approach is seen so terrible.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Producing or threatening sorrow, distress, injury, or calamity; unpropitious; calamitous; <as>as, <ex>evil</ex> tidings; <ex>evil</ex> arrows; <ex>evil</ex> days.</as></def>

<blockquote>Because he hath brought up an <b>evil</b> name upon a virgin of Israel.
<i>Deut. xxii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The owl shrieked at thy birth -- an <b>evil</b> sign.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Evil</b> news rides post, while good news baits.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Evil eye</col>, <cd>an eye which inflicts injury by some magical or fascinating influence. It is still believed by the ignorant and superstitious that some persons have the supernatural power of injuring by a look.</cd>

<blockquote>It almost led him to believe in the <b>evil eye</b>.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Evil speaking</col>, <cd>speaking ill of others; calumny; censoriousness.</cd> -- <col>The evil one</col>, <cd>the Devil; Satan.</cd></cs>

<-- p. 518  bad typing! -->

<note>&hand; <i>Evil</i> is sometimes written as the first part of a compound (with or without a hyphen). In many cases the compounding need not be insisted on. Examples: <i>Evil</i> doer or <i>evil</i>doer, <i>evil</i> speakink or <i>evil</i>-speaking, <i>evil</i> worker, <i>evil</i> wishink, <i>evil</i>-hearted, <i>evil</i>-minded.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Mischieveous; pernicious; injurious; hurtful; destructive; wicked; sinful; bad; corrupt; perverse; wrong; vicious; calamitious.</syn>

<h1>Evil</h1>
<Xpage=<-- p. 518  bad typing! -->>

<hw>E"vil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything which impairs the happiness of a being or deprives a being of any good; anything which causes suffering of any kind to sentient beings; injury; mischief; harm; -- opposed to <ant>good</ant>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Evils</b> which our own misdeeds have wrought.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>evil</b> that men do lives after them.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Moral badness, or the deviation of a moral being from the principles of virtue imposed by conscience, or by the will of the Supreme Being, or by the principles of a lawful human authority; disposition to do wrong; moral offence; wickedness; depravity.</def>

<blockquote>The heart of the sons of men is full of <b>evil</b>.
<i>Eccl. ix. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>malady or disease; especially in the phrase <i>king's evil</i>, the scrofula.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He [Edward the Confessor] was the first that touched for the <b>evil</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evil</h1>
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<hw>E"vil</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an evil manner; not well; ill; badly; unhappily; injuriously; unkindly.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>It went <b>evil</b> with his house.
<i>1 Chron. vii. 23.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Egyptians <b>evil</b> entreated us, and affected us.
<i>Deut. xxvi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evil eye</h1>
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<hw>E"vil eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. See <cref>Evil eye</cref> under <er>Evil</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Evil-eyed</h1>
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<hw>E"vil-eyed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Possessed of the supposed evil eye; also, looking with envy, jealousy, or bad design; malicious.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Evil-favored</h1>
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<hw>E"vil-fa`vored</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a bad countenance or appearance; ill-favored; blemished; deformed.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

 -- <wordforms><wf>E"vil-fa`vored*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Deut. xvi. 1.</i>

<h1>Evilly</h1>
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<hw>E"vil*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an evil manner; not well; ill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Good deeds <i>evilly</i> bestowed."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Evil-minded</h1>
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<hw>E"vil-mind`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having evil dispositions or intentions; disposed to mischief or sin; malicious; malignant; wicked.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>E"vil-mind`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Evilness</h1>
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<hw>E"vil*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or quality of being evil; badness; viciousness; malignity; vileness; <as>as, <ex>evilness</ex> of heart; the <ex>evilness</ex> of sin.</as></def>

<h1>Evince</h1>
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<hw>E*vince"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Evinced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Evincing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>evincere</ets> vanquish completely, prevail, succeed in proving; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>vincere</ets> to vanquish. See <er>Victor</er>, and cf. <er>Evict</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To conquer; to subdue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Error by his own arms is best <b>evinced</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To show in a clear manner; to prove beyond any reasonable doubt; to manifest; to make evident; to bring to light; to evidence.</def>

<blockquote>Common sense and experience must and will <b>evince</b> the truth of this.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evincement</h1>
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<hw>E*vince"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of evincing or proving, or the state of being evinced.</def>

<h1>Evincible</h1>
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<hw>E*vin"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being proved or clearly brought to light; demonstrable.</def>

<i>Sir. M. Hale.</i>

--<wordforms><wf>E*vin"ci*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Evincive</h1>
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<hw>E*vin"cive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to prove; having the power to demonstrate; demonstrative; indicative.</def>

<h1>Evirate</h1>
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<hw>E"vi*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eviratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>evirare</ets> to castrate; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>vir</ets> man.]</ety> <def>To emasculate; to dispossess of manhood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Eviration</h1>
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<hw>Ev`i*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eviratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Castration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Eviscerate</h1>
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<hw>E*vis"cer*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Eviscerated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Eviscerating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>evisceratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>eviscerare</ets> to eviscerate; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>viscera</ets> the bowels. See <er>Viscera</er>.]</ety> <def>To take out the entrails of; to disembowel; to gut.</def>

<h1>Evisceration</h1>
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<hw>E*vis`cer*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>A disemboweling.</def>

<h1>Evitable</h1>
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<hw>Ev"i*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evitabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82vitable</ets>.]</ety> <def>A voidable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Evitate</h1>
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<hw>Ev"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>evitare</ets> to shun; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>vitare</ets> to shun.]</ety> <def>To shun; to avoid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Evitation</h1>
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<hw>Ev`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evitatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A shunning; avoidance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Evite</h1>
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<hw>E*vite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82viter</ets>. See <er>Evitate</er>.]</ety> <def>To shun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryton.</i>

<h1>Eviternal</h1>
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<hw>Ev`i*ter"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eviternus</ets>, <ets>aeternus</ets>. See <er>Etern</er>.]</ety> <def>Eternal; everlasting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Ev`i*ter"nal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Eviternity</h1>
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<hw>Ev`i*ter"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Eternity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Evocate</h1>
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<hw>Ev"o*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evocatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>evocare</ets>. See <er>Evoke</er>.]</ety> <def>To call out or forth; to summon; to evoke.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Stackhouse.</i>

<h1>Evocation</h1>
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<hw>Ev`o*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evocatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>\'82vocation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of calling out or forth.</def>

<i>Sir. T. Browne.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>evocation</b> of that better spirit.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evocative</h1>
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<hw>E*vo"ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Calling forth; serving to evoke; developing.</def>

<blockquote><b>Evocative</b> power over all that is eloquent and expressive in the better soul of man.
<i>W. Pater.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evocator</h1>
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<hw>Ev"o*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who calls forth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Evoke</h1>
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<hw>E*voke"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Evoked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Evoking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>evocare</ets>; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>vocare</ets> to call, fr. <ets>vox</ets>, <ets>vocis</ets>, voice: cf. F <ets>\'82voquer</ets>. See <er>Voice</er>, and cf. <er>Evocate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To call out; to summon forth.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>evoke</b> the queen of the fairies.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A requlating discipline of exercise, that whilst <b>evoking</b> the human energies, will not suffer them to be wasted.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To call away; to remove from one tribunal to another.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The cause was <i>evoked</i> to Rome."

<i>Hume.</i>

<h1>Evolatic, Evolatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ev`o*lat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ev`o*lat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evolare</ets> to fly away; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>volare</ets> to fly.]</ety> <def>Apt to fly away.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Evolation</h1>
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<hw>Ev`o*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evolatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A flying out or up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Evolute</h1>
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<hw>Ev"o*lute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evolutus</ets> unrolled, p. p. of <ets>evolvere</ets>. See <er>Evolve</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve from which another curve, called the <i>involute</i> or <i>evolvent</i>, is described by the end of a thread gradually wound upon the former, or unwound from it. See <er>Involute</er>. It is the locus of the centers of all the circles which are osculatory to the given curve or evolvent.</def>

<note>&hand; Any curve may be an <i>evolute</i>, the term being applied to it only in its relation to the involute.</note>

<h1>Evolutility</h1>
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<hw>Ev`o*lu*til"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Evolution</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The faculty possessed by all substances capable of self-nourishment of manifesting the nutritive acts by changes of form, of volume, or of structure.</def>

<i>Syd. Soc. Lex.</i>

<h1>Evolution</h1>
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<hw>Ev`o*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evolutio</ets> an unrolling: cf. F. <ets>\'82volution</ets> evolution. See <er>Evolve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of unfolding or unrolling; hence, in the process of growth; development; <as>as, the <ex>evolution</ex> of a flower from a bud, or an animal from the egg</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A series of things unrolled or unfolded.</def> "The whole <i>evolution</i> of ages."

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The formation of an involute by unwrapping a thread from a curve as an evolute.</def>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arith. & Alg.)</fld> <def>The extraction of roots; -- the reverse of <i>involution</i>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mil. & Naval)</fld> <def>A prescribed movement of a body of troops, or a vessel or fleet; any movement designed to effect a new arrangement or disposition; a maneuver.</def>

<blockquote>Those <b>evolutions</b> are best which can be executed with the greatest celerity, compatible with regularity.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A general name for the history of the steps by which any living organism has acquired the morphological and physiological characters which distinguish it; a gradual unfolding of successive phases of growth or development.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That theory of generation which supposes the germ to pre\'89xist in the parent, and its parts to be developed, but not actually formed, by the procreative act; -- opposed to <i>epigenesis</i>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>That series of changes under natural law which involves continuous progress from the homogeneous to the heterogeneous in structure, and from the single and simple to the diverse and manifold in quality or function. The pocess is by some limited to organic beings; by others it is applied to the inorganic and the psychical. It is also applied to explain the existence and growth of institutions, manners, language, civilization, and every product of human activity. The agencies and laws of the process are variously explained by different philosophrs.</def>

<blockquote><b>Evolution</b> is to me series with development.
<i>Gladstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Evolutional</h1>
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<hw>Ev`o*lu"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to evolution.</def> "<i>Evolutional</i> changes."

<i>H. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Evolutionary</h1>
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<hw>Ev`o*lu"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to evolution; <as>as, <ex>evolutionary</ex> discussions</as>.</def>

<h1>Evolutionism</h1>
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<hw>Ev`o*lu"tion*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The theory of, or belief in, evolution. See <er>Evolution</er>, 6 and 7.</def>

<h1>Evolutionist</h1>
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<hw>Ev`o*lu"tion*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One skilled in evolutions.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>one who holds the doctrine of evolution, either in biology or in metaphysics.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Evolve</h1>
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<hw>E*volve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Evolved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Evolving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>evolvere</ets>, <ets>evolutum</ets>; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>volvere</ets> to roll. See <er>Voluble</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unfold or unroll; to open and expand; to disentangle and exhibit clearly and satisfactorily; to develop; to derive; to educe.</def>

<blockquote>The animal soul sooner <b>evolves</b> itself to its full orb and extent than the human soul.
<i>Sir. M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The principles which art involves, science alone <b>evolves</b>.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Not by any power evolved from man's own resources, but by a power which descended from above.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To throw out; to emit; <as>as, to <ex>evolve</ex> odors</as>.</def>

<h1>Evolve</h1>
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<hw>E*volve"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become open, disclosed, or developed; to pass through a process of evolution.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Evolvement</h1>
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<hw>E*volve"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of evolving, or the state of being evolved; evolution.</def>

<h1>Evolvent</h1>
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<hw>E*volv"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evolvents</ets>. <ets>-entis</ets>, unrolling, p. pr. of <ets>evolvere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The involute of a curve. See <er>Involute</er>, and <er>Evolute</er>.</def>

<h1>Evomit</h1>
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<hw>E*vom"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evomitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>evomere</ets> to vomit forth; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>vomere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To vomit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Evomition</h1>
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<hw>Ev`o*mi"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of vomiting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Evulgate</h1>
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<hw>E*vul"gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evulgatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>evulgare</ets> to publish.]</ety> <def>To publish abroad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Evulgation</h1>
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<hw>Ev`ul*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A divulging.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Evulsion</h1>
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<hw>E*vul"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>evulsio</ets>, fr. <ets>evellere</ets>, <ets>evulsum</ets>, to pluck out; <ets>e</ets> out + <ets>vellere</ets> to pluck; cf. F. <ets>\'82vulsion</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of plucking out; a rooting out.</def>

<h1>Ew</h1>
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<hw>Ew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Yew</er>.]</ety> <def>A yew.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ewe</h1>
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<hw>Ewe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>e\'a2wu</ets>; akin to D. <ets>ooi</ets>, OHG. <ets>awi</ets>, <ets>ouwi</ets>, Icel. <ets>\'91r</ets>, Goth. <ets>aw\'c7\'edi</ets> a flock of sheep, <ets>awistr</ets> a sheepfold, Lith. <ets>avis</ets> a sheep, L. <ets>ovis</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>avi</ets>. \'fb231.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The female of the sheep, and of sheeplike animals.</def>

<h1>Ewe-necked</h1>
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<hw>Ewe"-necked`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a neck like a ewe; -- said of horses in which the arch of the neck is deficent, being somewhat hollowed out.</def>

<i>Youwatt.</i>

<h1>Ewer</h1>
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<hw>Ew"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ewer</ets>, <ets>euwier</ets>, prop. a water carrier, F. <ets>\'82vier</ets> a washing place, sink, <ets>aigui\'8are</ets> ewer, L. <ets>aquarius</ets>, adj., water carrying, <tt>n.</tt>, a water carrier, fr. <ets>aqua</ets> water; akin to Goth. <ets>ahwa</ets> water, river, OHG, <ets>aha</ets>, G. <ets>au</ets>, <ets>aue</ets>, meadow. \'fb219. Cf. <er>Aquarium</er>, <er>Aquatic</er>, <er>Island</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of widemouthed pitcher or jug; esp., one used to hold water for the toilet.</def>

<blockquote>Basins and <b>ewers</b> to lave her dainty hands.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ewery, Ewry</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ew"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ew"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Ewer</er>.]</ety> <def>An office or place of household service where the ewers were formerly kept.</def> <mark>[Enq.]</mark>

<i>Parker.</i>

<h1>Ewt</h1>
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<hw>Ewt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Newt</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The newt.</def>

<h1>Ex-</h1>
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<hw>Ex-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A prefix from the latin preposition, <i>ex</i>, akin to Gr. <grk>'ex</grk> or <grk>'ek</grk> signifying <i>out of</i>, <i>out</i>, <i>proceeding from</i>. Hence, in composition, it signifies <i>out of</i>, <as>as, in <ex>ex</ex>hale, <ex>ex</ex>clude; <i>off</i>, <i>from</i>, or <i>out</i>. as in <i>ex</i>scind; <i>beyond</i>, <as>as, in <ex>ex</ex>cess, <ex>ex</ex>ceed, <ex>ex</ex>cel</as>; and sometimes has a privative sense of <i>without</i>, as in <i>ex</i>albuminuos, <i>ex</i>sanguinous. In some words, it intensifies the meaning; in others, it has little affect on the signification. It becomes <i>ef-</i> before <i>f</i>, as in <i>ef</i>fuse. The form <i>e-</i> occurs instead of <i>ex-</i> before <i>b</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>g</i>, <i>l</i>, <i>m</i>, <i>n</i>, <i>r</i>, and <i>v</i>, as in <i>e</i>bullient, <i>e</i>manate, <i>e</i>normous, etc. In words from the French it often appears as <i>es-</i>, sometimes as <i>s-</i> or <i>\'82-</i>; <as>as, <ex>es</ex>cape, <ex>s</ex>cape, <ex>\'82</ex>lite</as>.  <i>Ex-</i>, prefixed to names implying office, station, condition, denotes that the person formerly held the office, or is <i>out</i> of the office or condition now; <as>as, <ex>ex</ex>-president, <ex>ex</ex>-governor, <ex>ex</ex>-mayor, <ex>ex</ex>-convict</as>. The Greek form <grk>'ex</grk> becomes <ex>ex</ex> in English, as in <ex>ex</ex>arch; <grk>'ek</grk> becomes <ex>ec</ex>, as in <ex>ec</ex>centric.</as></def>

<h1>Exacerbate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ac"er*bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exacerrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exacerrating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exacerbatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exacerbare</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out (intens.) + <ets>acerbare</ets>. See <er>Acerbate</er>.]</ety> <def>To render more violent or bitter; to irriate; to exasperate; to imbitter, as passions or disease.</def>

<i>Broughman.</i>

<h1>Exacerbation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ac`er*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>exacerbation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act rendering more violent or bitter; the state of being exacerbated or intensified in violence or malignity; <as>as, <ex>exacerbation</ex> of passion</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A periodical increase of violence in a disease, as in remittent or continious fever; an increased energy of diseased and painful action.</def>

<h1>Exacerbescence</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ac`er*bes"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exacerbescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>exacerbescere</ets>, incho. of <ets>exacerbare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Increase of irritation or violence, particularly the increase of a fever or disease.</def>

<h1>Exacervation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ac`er*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exacervare</ets> to heap up exceedingly. See <er>Ex-</er>, and <er>Acervate</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of heaping up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Exacinate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ac"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>acinus</ets> kernel.]</ety> <def>To remove the kernel form.</def>

<h1>Exacination</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ac`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Removal of the kernel.</def>

<h1>Exact</h1>
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<hw>Ex*act"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exactus</ets> precise, accurate, p. p. of <ets>exigere</ets> to drive out, to demand, enforce, finish, determine, measure; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>agere</ets> to drive; cf. F. <ets>exact</ets>. See <er>Agent</er>, <er>Act</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Precisely agreeing with a standard, a fact, or the truth; perfectly conforming; neither exceeding nor falling short in any respect; true; correct; precise; <as>as, the clock keeps <ex>exact</ex> time; he paid the <ex>exact</ex> debt; an <ex>exact</ex> copy of a letter; <ex>exact</ex> accounts.</as></def>

<blockquote>I took a great pains to make out the <b>exact</b> truth.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. )</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Habitually careful to agree with a standard, a rule, or a promise; accurate; methodical; punctual; <as>as, a man <ex>exact</ex> in observing an appointment; in my doings I was <ex>exact</ex>.</as></def> "I see thou art <i>exact</i> of taste."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Precisely or definitely conceived or stated; strict.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>exact</b> command,
Larded with many several sorts of reason.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exact</h1>
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<hw>Ex*act"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exacted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exacting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From L. <ets>exactus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exigere</ets>; or fr. LL. <ets>exactare</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>exacter</ets>. See <er>Exact</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To demand or require authoritatively or peremptorily, as a right; to enforce the payment of, or a yielding of; to compel to yield or to furnish; hence, to wrest, as a fee or reward when none is due; -- followed by <i>from</i> or <i>of</i> before the one subjected to exaction; <as>as, to <ex>exact</ex> tribute, fees, obedience, etc., from or of some one</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He said into them, <b>Exact</b> no more than that which is appointed you.
<i>Luke. iii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Years of servise past
From grateful souls <b>exact</b> reward at last
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My designs
<b>Exact</b> me in another place.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exact</h1>
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<hw>Ex*act"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To practice exaction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The anemy shall not <b>exact upon him</b>.
<i>Ps. lxxxix. 22.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exacter</h1>
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<hw>Ex*act"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An exactor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Exacting</h1>
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<hw>Ex*act"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Oppressive or unreasonably severe in making demands or requiring the exact fulfillment of obligations; harsh; severe. "A temper so <i>exacting</i>." <i>T. Arnold</i></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*act"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ex*act"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Exaction</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exactio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exaction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of demanding with authority, and compelling to pay or yield; compulsion to give or furnish; a levying by force; a driving to compliance; <as>as, the <ex>exaction</ex> to tribute or of obedience</as>; hence, extortion.</def>

<blockquote>Take away your <b>exactions</b> from my people.
<i>Ezek. xlv. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Daily new <b>exactions</b> are devised.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Illegal <b>exactions</b> of sheriffs and officials.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is exacted; a severe tribute; a fee, reward, or contribution, demanded or levied with severity or injustice.</def>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Exacritude</h1>
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<hw>Ex*acr"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>exactitude</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being exact; exactness.</def>

<h1>Exactly</h1>
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<hw>Ex*act"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an exact manner; precisely according to a rule, standard, or fact; accurately; strictly; correctly; nicely.</def> "<i>Exactly</i> wrought."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>His enemies were pleased, for he had acted <b>exactly</b> as their interests required.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exactness</h1>
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<hw>Ex*act"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of being exact; accuracy; nicety; precision; regularity; <as>as, <ex>exactness</ex> of jurgement or deportment</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Careful observance of method and conformity to truth; <as>as, <ex>exactness</ex> in accounts or business</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He had . . . that sort of <b>exactness</b> which would have made him a respectable antiquary.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exactor</h1>
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<hw>Ex*act"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>exacteur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who exacts or demands by authority or right; hence, an extortioner; also, one unreasonably severe in injunctions or demands.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<hr>
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Page 519<p>

<h1>Exactress</h1>
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<hw>Ex*act"ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>exactrix</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woman who is an exactor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Exacuate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ac"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exacure</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out (intens.) + <ets>acuere</ets> to make sharp.]</ety> <def>To whet or sharpen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>B. Jonson</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*ac`u*a"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Ex\'91resis</h1>
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<hw>Ex*\'91r"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.<?/ a taking away.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>In old writers, the operations concerned in the removal of parts of the body.</def>

<h1>Exaggerate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ag"ger*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exaggerated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exaggerating</er> . ]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exaggeratus</ets> , p. p. of <ets>exaggerare</ets> to heap up; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>aggerare</ets> to heap up, fr. <ets>agger</ets> heap, <ets>aggerere</ets> to bring to; <ets>ad</ets> to +  <ets>gerere</ets> to bear. See <er>Jest</er>. ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To heap up; to accumulate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "Earth <i>exaggerated</i> upon them [oaks and firs]."

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To amplify; to magnify; to enlarge beyond bounds or the truth ; to delineate extravagantly ; to overstate the truth concerning.</def>

<blockquote>A friend <b>exaggerates</b> a man's virtues.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exaggerated</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ag"ger*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Enlarged beyond bounds or the truth.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*ag"ger*a`ted*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Exaggerating</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ag"ger*a`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>That exaggerates; enlarging beyond bounds.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*ag"ger*a`ting*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Exaggeration</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ag`ger*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exaggeratio</ets> : cf. F.  <ets>exag\'82ration</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of heaping or piling up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Exaggeration</i> of sand."

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of exaggerating; the act of doing or representing in an excessive manner; a going beyond the bounds of truth reason, or justice; a hyperbolical representation; hyperbole; overstatement.</def>

<blockquote>No need of an <b>exaggeration</b> of what they saw.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>A representation of things beyond natural life, in expression, beauty, power, vigor.</def>

<h1>Exaggerative</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ag"ger*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to exaggerate; involving exaggeration.</def> "<i>Exaggerative</i> language." <i>Geddes</i>.  "<i>Exaggerative</i> pictures."

<i>W. J. Linton.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ex*ag"ger*a*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <tt>Carlyle.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Exaggerator</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ag"ger*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who exaggerates; one addicted to exaggeration.</def>

<i>L. Horner.</i>

<h1>Exaggeratory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ag"ger*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing, or tending to, exaggeration; exaggerative.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Exagitate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ag"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exagitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exagitare</ets>. See <er>Ex-</er>, and <er>Agitate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stir up; to agitate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To satirize; to censure severely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Exagitation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ag`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exagitatio</ets> : cf. OF. <ets>exagitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Agitation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Exalbuminous</h1>
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<hw>Ex`al*bu"mi*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ex-</ets> + <ets>albumen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having no albumen about the embryo; -- said of certain seeds.</def>

<h1>Exalt</h1>
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<hw>Ex*alt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exalted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exalting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exaltare</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out (intens.) + <ets>altare</ets> to make high, <ets>altus</ets> high: cf.F. <ets>exalter</ets>. See <er>Altitude</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To raise high; to elevate; to lift up.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>exalt</b> my throne above the stars of God.
<i>Is. xiv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Exalt</b> thy towery head, and lift thine eyes
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To elevate in rank, dignity, power, wealth, character, or the like; to dignify; to promote; <as>as, to <ex>exalt</ex> a prince to the throne, a citizen to the presidency</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Righteousness <b>exalteth</b> a nation.
<i>Prov. xiv. 34.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He that humbleth himself shall be <b>exalted</b>.
<i>Luke xiv. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To elevate by prise or estimation; to magnify; to extol; to glorify.</def> "<i>Exalt</i> ye the Lord."

<i>Ps. xcix. 5.</i>

<blockquote>In his own grace he doth <b>exalt</b> himself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To lift up with joy, pride, or success; to inspire with delight or satisfaction; to elate.</def>

<blockquote>They who thought they got whatsoever he lost were mightily <b>exalted</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To elevate the tone of, as of the voice or a musical instrument.</def>

<i>Is. xxxvii. 23.</i>

<blockquote>Now Mars, she said, let Fame <b>exalt</b> her voice.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Alchem.)</fld> <def>To render pure or refined; to intensify or concentrate; <as>as, to <ex>exalt</ex> the juices of bodies</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With chemic art <b>exalts</b> the mineral powers.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exaltate</h1>
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<hw>Ex"al*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exaltatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exaltare</ets> to exalt.]</ety> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>Exercising its highest influence; -- said of a planet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Exaltation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`al*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exaltatio</ets>: cf. F.<ets>exaltation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of exalting or raising high; also, the state of being exalted; elevation.</def>

<blockquote>Wondering at my flight, and change
 To this high <b>exaltation</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Alchem.)</fld> <def>The refinement or subtilization of a body, or the increasing of its virtue or principal property.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>That place of a planet in the zodiac in which it was supposed to exert its strongest influence.</def>

<h1>Exalted</h1>
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<hw>Ex*alt"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Raised to lofty height; elevated; extolled; refined; dignified; sublime.</def>

<blockquote>Wiser far than Solomon,
Of more <b>exalted</b> mind.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Time never fails to bring every <b>exalted</b> reputation to a strict scrutiny.
<i>Ames.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ex*alt"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ex*alt"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>  "The <i>exaltedness</i> of some minds."

<i>T. Gray.</i>

<h1>Exalter</h1>
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<hw>Ex*alt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who exalts or raises to dignity.</def>

<h1>Exaltment</h1>
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<hw>Ex*alt"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Exaltation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Examen</h1>
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<hw>Ex*a"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the tongue of a balance, examination; for <ets>exagmen</ets>, fr. <ets>exigere</ets> to weigh accurately, to treat: cf. F. <ets>examen</ets>. See <er>Exact</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Examination; inquiry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  "A critical <i>examen</i> of the two pieces."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Exametron</h1>
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<hw>Ex*am"e*tron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hexameter</er>.]</ety> <def>An hexameter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Examinable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*am"i*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being examined or inquired into.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Examinant</h1>
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<hw>Ex*am"i*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>examinans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, examining.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who examines; an examiner.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is to be examined.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>H. Prideaux.</i>

<h1>Examinate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*am"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>examinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>examinare</ets>. See <er>Examine</er>. ]</ety> <def>A person subjected to examination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Examination</h1>
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<hw>Ex*am`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>examinatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>examination</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of examining, or state of being examined; a careful search, investigation, or inquiry; scrutiny by study or experiment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A process prescribed or assigned for testing qualification; <as>as, the <ex>examination</ex> of a student, or of a candidate for admission to the bar or the ministry</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He neglected the studies, . . . stood low at the <b>examinations</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Examination in chief</col>, &or; <col>Direct examination</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>that examination which is made of a witness by a party calling him.</cd> -- <col>Cross-examination</col>, <cd>that made by the opposite party.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Re\'89xamination</col>, &or; <col>Re-direct examination</col></mcol>, <cd>that made by a party calling a witness, after, and upon matters arising out of, the cross-examination.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Search; inquiry; investigation; research; scrutiny; inquisition; inspection; exploration.</syn>

<h1>Examinator</h1>
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<hw>Ex*am"i*na`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>examinateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>An examiner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Examine</h1>
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<hw>Ex*am"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Examined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Examining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>examinare</ets>, <ets>examinatum</ets>, fr. <ets>examen</ets>, <ets>examinis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>examiner</ets>. See <er>Examen</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To test by any appropriate method; to inspect carefully with a view to discover the real character or state of; to subject to inquiry or inspection of particulars for the purpose of obtaining a fuller insight into the subject of examination, as a material substance, a fact, a reason, a cause, the truth of a statement; to inquire or search into; to explore; <as>as, to <ex>examine</ex> a mineral; to <ex>examine</ex> a ship to know whether she is seaworthy; to <ex>examine</ex> a proposition, theory, or question.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Examine</b> well your own thoughts.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Examine</b> their counsels and their cares.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To interrogate as in a judicial proceeding; to try or test by question; <as>as, to <ex>examine</ex> a witness in order to elicit testimony, a student to test his qualifications, a bankrupt touching the state of his property, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>The offenders that are to be <b>examined</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To discuss; debate; scrutinize; search into; investigate; explore. See <er>Discuss</er>.</syn>

<h1>Examinee</h1>
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<hw>Ex*am`i*nee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person examined.</def>

<h1>Examiner</h1>
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<hw>Ex*am"in*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who examines, tries, or inspects; one who interrogates; an officer or person charged with the duty of making an examination; <as>as, an <ex>examiner</ex> of students for a degree; an <ex>examiner</ex> in chancery, in the patent office, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Examinership</h1>
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<hw>Ex*am"in*er*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or rank of an examiner.</def>

<h1>Examining</h1>
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<hw>Ex*am"in*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power to examine; appointed to examine; <as>as, an <ex>examining</ex> committee</as>.</def>

<h1>Examplary</h1>
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<hw>Ex"am*pla*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Example</er>, cf. <er>Exemplary</er>.]</ety> <def>Serving for example or pattern; exemplary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Example</h1>
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<hw>Ex*am"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A later form for <ets>ensample</ets>, fr. L. <ets>exemplum</ets>, orig., what is taken out of a larger quantity, as a <ets>sample</ets>, from <ets>eximere</ets> to take out. See <er>Exempt</er>, and cf. <er>Ensample</er>, <er>Sample</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One or a portion taken to show the character or quality of the whole; a sample; a specimen.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is to be followed or imitated as a model; a pattern or copy.</def>

<blockquote>For I have given you an <b>example</b>, that ye should do as <?/ have done to you.
<i>John xiii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I gave, thou sayest, the <b>example</b>; I led the way.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which resembles or corresponds with something else; a precedent; a model.</def>

<blockquote>Such temperate order in so fierce a cause
Doth want <b>example</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is to be avoided; one selected for punishment and to serve as a warning; a warning.</def>

<blockquote>Hang him; he'll be made an <b>example</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now these things were our <b>examples</b>, to the intent that we should not lust after evil things, as they also lusted.
<i>1 Cor. x. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An instance serving for illustration of a rule or precept, especially a problem to be solved, or a case to be determined, as an exercise in the application of the rules of any study or branch of science; <as>as, in trigonometry and   grammar, the principles and rules are illustrated by <ex>examples</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Precedent; case; instance.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Example</er>, <er>Instance</er>. The discrimination to be made between these two words relates to cases in which we give "instances" or "examples" of things done. An <i>instance</i> denotes the single case then "standing" before us; if there be others like it, the word does not express this fact. On the contrary, an <i>example</i> is one of an entire class of like things, and should be a true representative or <i>sample</i> of that class. Hence, an <i>example</i> proves a rule or regular course of things; an <i>instance</i> simply points out what may be true only in the case presented. A man's life may be filled up with <i>examples</i> of the self-command and kindness which marked his character, and may present only a solitary <i>instance</i> of haste or severity. Hence, the word "example" should never be used to describe what stands singly and alone. We do, however, sometimes apply the word <i>instance</i> to what is really an <i>example</i>, because we are not thinking of the latter under this aspect, but solely as a case which "stands before us." See <er>Precedent</er>.</usage>

<h1>Example</h1>
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<hw>Ex*am"ple</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exampled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exampling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To set an example for; to give a precedent for; to exemplify; to give an instance of; to instance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "I may <i>example</i> my digression by some mighty precedent."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Burke devoted himself to this duty with a fervid assiduity that has not often been <b>exampled</b>, and has never been surpassed.
<i>J. Morley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exampleless</h1>
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<hw>Ex*am"ple*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without or above example.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Exampler</h1>
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<hw>Ex*am"pler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Exemplar</er>, <er>Example</er>, and cf. <er>Sampler</er>.]</ety> <def>A pattern; an exemplar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Exampless</h1>
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<hw>Ex*am"pless</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Exampleless. [Wrongly formed.]</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Exanguious</h1>
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<hw>Ex*an"gui*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bloodless. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Exsanguious</er>.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Exangulous</h1>
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<hw>Ex*an"gu*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref <ets>ex-</ets> + <ets>angulous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having no corners; without angles.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Exanimate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*an"i*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exanimatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exanimare</ets> to deprive of life or spirit; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>anima</ets> air, breath, life, spirit.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lifeless; dead.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Carcasses <i>exanimate</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destitute of animation; spiritless; disheartened.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Pale . . . wretch, <i>exanimate</i> by love."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Exanimate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*an"i*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive of animation or of life.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Exanimation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*an`i*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>exanimatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deprivation of life or of spirits.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Exanimous</h1>
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<hw>Ex*an"i*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exanimus</ets>, <ets>exanimis</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out, without + <ets>anima</ets> life.]</ety> <def>Lifeless; dead.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Exannulate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*an"nu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ex-</ets> + <ets>annulate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the sporangium destitute of a ring; -- said of certain genera of ferns.</def>

<h1>Exanthem</h1>
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<hw>Ex*an"them</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Exanthema</er>.</def>

<h1>Exanthema</h1>
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<hw>Ex`an*the"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Exanthemata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr.<?/, fr.<?/ to burst forth as flowers, break out, as ulcers; <?/, <?/, out + <?/ to bloom, <?/ flower: cf. F. <ets>exanth\'8ame</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An efflorescence or discoloration of the skin; an eruption or breaking out, as in measles, smallpox, scarlatina, and the like diseases; -- sometimes limited to eruptions attended with fever.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Exanthematic, Exanthematous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex*an`the*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex`an*them"a*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, relating to, or characterized by, exanthema; efflorescent; <as>as, an <ex>exanthematous</ex> eruption</as>.</def>

<h1>Exanthesis</h1>
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<hw>Ex`an*the"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ . See <er>Exanthema</er>. ]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An eruption of the skin; cutaneous efflorescence.</def>

<h1>Exantlate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ant"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exantlatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exantlare</ets>, <ets>exanclare</ets>, to endure.]</ety> <def>To exhaust or wear out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Seeds . . . wearied or <i>exantlated</i>."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Exantlation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`ant*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>exantlation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of drawing out ; exhaustion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Exarate</h1>
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<hw>Ex"a*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exaratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exarare</ets> to plow up, to write; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>arare</ets> to plow.]</ety> <def>To plow up; also, to engrave; to write.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Exaration</h1>
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<hw>Ex`a*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exaratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of plowing; also, act of writing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Exarch</h1>
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<hw>Ex"arch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exarchus</ets>, Gr. <?/ <?/ commander; <?/,<?/, out + <?/ to lead, rule: cf. F. <ets>exarque</ets>.]</ety> <def>A viceroy; in Ravenna, the title of the viceroys of the Byzantine emperors; in the Eastern Church, the superior over several monasteries; in the modern Greek Church, a deputy of the patriarch , who visits the clergy, investigates ecclesiastical cases, etc.</def>

<h1>Exarchate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ar"chate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>exarchatus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>exarchus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exarchat</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office or the province of an exarch.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Exarillate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ar"il*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ex-</ets> + <ets>arillate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having no aril; -- said of certain seeds, or of the plants producing them.</def>

<h1>Exarticulate</h1>
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<hw>Ex`ar*tic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ex-</ets> + <ets>articulate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having but one joint; -- said of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Exarticulation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`ar*tic`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ex-</ets> + <ets>articulation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Luxation; the dislocation of a joint.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Exasperate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*as"per*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exasperatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exsasperare</ets> to roughen, exasperate; <ets>ex</ets> out (intens.) + <ets>asperare</ets> to make rough, <ets>asper</ets> rough. See <er>Asperity</er>.]</ety> <def>Exasperated; imbittered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Like swallows which the <b>exasperate</b> dying year
Sets spinning.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exasperate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*as"per*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exsasperated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exasperating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To irritate in a high degree; to provoke; to enrage; to exscite or to inflame the anger of; <as>as, to <ex>exasperate</ex> a person or his feelings</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>exsasperate</b> them against the king of France.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make grievous, or more grievous or malignant; to aggravate; to imbitter; <as>as, to <ex>exasperate</ex> enmity</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>exasperate</b> the ways of death.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To irritate; provoke. See <er>Irritate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Exasperater</h1>
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<hw>Ex*as"per*a`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who exasperates or inflames anger, enmity, or violence.</def>

<h1>Exasperation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*as`per*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exasperatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exasp\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of exasperating or the state of being exasperated; irritation; keen or bitter anger.</def>

<blockquote>Extorted from him by the <b>exasperation</b> of his spirits.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Increase of violence or malignity; aggravation; exacerbation.</def> "<i>Exasperation</i> of the fits."

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Exaspidean</h1>
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<hw>Ex`as*pid"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ out +<?/,<?/,a shield.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the anterior scute<?/ extending around the tarsus on the outer side, leaving the inner side naked; -- said of certain birds.</def>

<h1>Exauctorate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*auc"tor*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Exauthorate</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Exauctoration</h1>
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<hw>Ex*auc`tor*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Exauthoration</er>.</def>

<h1>Exaugurate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*au"gu*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exauguratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exaugurare</ets> to profane; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>augurari</ets> to act as an augur, fr. <ets>augur</ets>. ]</ety> <def>To annul the consecration of; to secularize; to unhellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Exauguration</h1>
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<hw>Ex*au`gu*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exauguratio</ets> desecration.]</ety> <def>The act of exaugurating; desecration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Exauthorate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*au"thor*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exauctoratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exauctorare</ets> to dismiss; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>auctorare</ets> to bind to something, to hire, fr. <ets>auctor</ets>. See <er>Author</er>.]</ety> <def>To deprive of authority or office; to depose; to discharge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Exauthorated</b> for their unworthiness.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exauthoration</h1>
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<hw>Ex*au`thor*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Deprivation of authority or dignity; degration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Exauthorize</h1>
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<hw>Ex*au"thor*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ex-</ets> + <ets>authorize</ets>.]</ety> <def>To deprive of uthority.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Selden.</i>

<hr>
<page="520">
Page 520<p>

<hr>
<page="520">
Page 520<p>

<h1>Exauthorize</h1>
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<hw>Ex*au"thor*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ex<?/ + authorize</ets>.]</ety> <def>To deprive of authority.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Selden.</i>

<h1>Excalceate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cal"ce*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excalceatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>excalceare</ets> to unshoe. See <er>Calceated</er>.]</ety> <def>To deprive of shoes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Excalceation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cal`ce*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of depriving or divesting of shoes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Excalfaction</h1>
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<hw>Ex`cal*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excalfactio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A heating or warming; calefaction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Excalfactive</h1>
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<hw>Ex`cal*fac"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excalfacere</ets> to warm; <ets>ex</ets> out (intens.) + <ets>calfacere</ets> to warm.]</ety> <def>Serving to heat; warming.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Excalfactory</h1>
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<hw>Ex`cal*fac"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excalfactorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Heating; warming.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Excalibur</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cal"i*bur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The name of King Arthur's mythical sword.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Excalibar</asp>, <asp>Excalibor</asp>, <asp>Escalibar</asp>, and <asp>Caliburn</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Excamb, Excambie</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex*camb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex*cam"bie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>excambiare</ets>, <ets>excambire</ets>; L. <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>cambire</ets>. See <er>Change</er>, and cf. <er>Exchange</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>To exchange; -- used with reference to transfers of land.</def>

<h1>Excambion, Excambium</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex*cam"bi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex*cam"bi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>excambium</ets>. See <er>Excamb</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>Exchange; barter; -- used commonly of lands</def>.

<h1>Excandescence</h1>
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<hw>Ex`can*des"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excandescentia</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A growing hot; a white or glowing heat; incandescence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Violent anger; a growing angry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Excandescent</h1>
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<hw>Ex`can*des"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excandescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>excandescere</ets> to take fire, glow; <ets>ex</ets> out (intens.) + <ets>candescere</ets> to begin to glisten or glow, fr. <ets>candere</ets>. See <er>Candid</er>.]</ety> <def>White or glowing with heat.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Excantation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`can*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excantare</ets> to charm out. See <er>Ex<?/</er>, and <er>Chant</er>.]</ety> <def>Disenchantment by a countercharm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gayton.</i>

<h1>Excarnate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*car"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>excarnatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>excarnare</ets>; L. <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>, flesh.]</ety> <def>To deprive or clear of flesh.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Excarnation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`car*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of depriving or divesting of flesh; excarnification; -- opposed to <i>incarnation</i>.</def>

<h1>Excarnificate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*car"ni*fi*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ex</ets> out + LL. <ets>carnificatus</ets>, p. p. <ets>carnificare</ets> to carnify; cf. L. <ets>excarnificare</ets> to tear to pieces, torment. See <er>Carnify</er>.]</ety> <def>To clear of flesh; to excarnate.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Excarnification</h1>
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<hw>Ex*car`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of excarnificating or of depriving of flesh; excarnation.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Excavate</h1>
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<hw>Ex"ca*vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Excavated</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Excavating</er><tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>excavatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>excavare</ets> to excavate; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>cavare</ets> to make hollow, <ets>cavus</ets> hollow. See <er>Cave</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hollow out; to form cavity or hole in; to make hollow by cutting, scooping, or digging; <as>as, to <ex>excavate</ex> a ball; to <ex>excavate</ex> the earth.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form by hollowing; to shape, as a cavity, or anything that is hollow; <as>as, to <ex>excavate</ex> a canoe, a cellar, a channel</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>To dig out and remove, as earth.</def>

<blockquote>The material <b>excavated</b> was usually sand.
<i>E. L. Corthell.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Excavating pump</col>, <cd>a kind of dredging apparatus for excavating under water, in which silt and loose material mixed with water are drawn up by a pump.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Excavation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`ca*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excavatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>excavation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of excavating, or of making hollow, by cutting, scooping, or digging out a part of a solid mass.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping.</def> "A winding <i>excavation</i>."

<i>Glover.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a <i>covered cutting</i> or <i>tunnel</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The material dug out in making a channel or cavity.</def>

<blockquote>The delivery of the <b>excavations</b> at a distance of 250 feet.
<i>E. L. Corthell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Excavator</h1>
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<hw>Ex"ca*va`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, excavates or hollows out; a machine, as a dredging machine, or a tool, for excavating.</def>

<h1>Excave</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excavare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To excavate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Excecate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ce"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excaecatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>excaecare</ets> to blind; <ets>ex</ets> (intens.) + <ets>caecare</ets> to blind, <ets>caecus</ets> blind.]</ety> <def>To blind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Excecation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`ce*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of making blind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Richardson.</i>

<h1>Excedent</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ced"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excedens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>excedere</ets>. See <er>Exceed</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Excess.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Exceed</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ceed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exceeded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exceeding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>excedere</ets>, <ets>excessum</ets>, to go away or beyond; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>cedere</ets> to go, to pass: cf. F. <ets>exc\'82der</ets>. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety> <def>To go beyond; to proceed beyond the given or supposed limit or measure of; to outgo; to surpass; -- used both in a good and a bad sense; <as>as, one man <ex>exceeds</ex> another in bulk, stature, weight, power, skill, etc.</as> ; one offender <i>exceeds</i> another in villainy; his rank <i>exceeds</i> yours.</def>

<blockquote>Name the time, but let it not
<b>Exceed</b> three days.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Observes how much a chintz <b>exceeds</b> mohair.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To outdo; surpass; excel; transcend; outstrip; outvie; overtop.</syn>

<h1>Exceed</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ceed"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go too far; to pass the proper bounds or measure.</def> "In our reverence to whom, we can not possibly <i>exceed</i>."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>Forty stripes he may give him, and not <b>exceed</b>.
<i>Deut. xxv. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be more or greater; to be paramount.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Exceedable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ceed"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of exceeding or surpassing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Exceeder</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ceed"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who exceeds.</def>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Exceeding</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ceed"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>More than usual; extraordinary; more than sufficient; measureless.</def> "The <i>exceeding</i> riches of his grace." <i>Eph. ii. 7</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*ceed"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Exceeding</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ceed"ing</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a very great degree; extremely; exceedingly.</def> <mark>[Archaic. It is not joined to verbs.]</mark> "The voice <i>exceeding</i> loud."

<i>Keble.</i>

<blockquote>His raiment became shining, <b>exceeding</b> white as snow.
<i>Mark ix. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Genoese were <b>exceeding</b> powerful by sea.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exceedingly</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ceed"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>To a very great degree; beyond what is usual; surpassingly. It signifies more than <i>very</i>.</def>

<h1>Excel</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Excelled</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Excelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>excellere</ets>, <ets>excelsum</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + a root found in <ets>culmen</ets> height, top; cf. F. <ets>exceller</ets>. See <er>Culminate</er>, <er>Column</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go beyond or surpass in good qualities or laudable deeds; to outdo or outgo, in a good sense.</def>

<blockquote><b>Excelling</b> others, these were great;
Thou, greater still, must these <b>excel</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I saw that wisdom <b>excelleth</b> folly, as far as light <b>excelleth</b> darkness.
<i>Eccl. ii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exceed or go beyond; to surpass.</def>

<blockquote>She opened; but to shut
<b>Excelled</b> her power; the gates wide open stood.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Excel</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cel"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To surpass others in good qualities, laudable actions, or acquirements; to be distinguished by superiority; <as>as, to <ex>excel</ex> in mathematics, or classics</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Unstable as water, thou shalt not <b>excel</b>.
<i>Gen. xlix. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Then peers grew proud in horsemanship t' <b>excel</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Excellence</h1>
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<hw>Ex"cel*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>excellence</ets>, L. <ets>excellentia</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being excellent; state of possessing good qualities in an eminent degree; exalted merit; superiority in virtue.</def>

<blockquote>Consider first that great
Or bright infers not <b>excellence</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An excellent or valuable quality; that by which any one excels or is eminent; a virtue.</def>

<blockquote>With every <b>excellence</b> refined.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A title of honor or respect; -- more common in the form <i>excellency</i>.</def>

<blockquote>I do greet your <b>excellence</b>
With letters of commission from the king.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Superiority; pre\'89minence; perfection; worth; goodness; purity; greatness.</syn>

<h1>Excellency</h1>
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<hw>Ex"cel*len*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Excellencies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Excellence; virtue; dignity; worth; superiority.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>excellency</b> is over Israel.
<i>Ps. lxviii. 34.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Extinguish in men the sense of their own <b>excellency</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A title of honor given to certain high dignitaries, esp. to viceroys, ministers, and ambassadors, to English colonial governors, etc. It was formerly sometimes given to kings and princes.</def>

<h1>Excellent</h1>
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<hw>Ex"cel*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>excellent</ets>, L. <ets>excellens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>excellere</ets>. See <er>Excel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Excelling; surpassing others in some good quality or the sum of qualities; of great worth; eminent, in a good sense; superior; <as>as, an <ex>excellent</ex> man, artist, citizen, husband, discourse, book, song, etc.; <ex>excellent</ex> breeding, principles, aims, action.</as></def>

<blockquote>To love . . .
What I see <b>excellent</b> in good or fair.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Superior in kind or degree, irrespective of moral quality; -- used with words of a bad significance.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Ironical]</mark> "An <i>excellent</i> hypocrite."

<i>Hume.</i>

<blockquote>Their sorrows are most <b>excellent</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Worthy; choice; prime; valuable; select; exquisite; transcendent; admirable; worthy.</syn>

<h1>Excellent</h1>
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<hw>Ex"cel*lent</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Excellently; eminently; exceedingly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "This comes off well and <i>excellent</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Excellently</h1>
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<hw>Ex"cel*lent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an excellent manner; well in a high degree.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a high or superior degree; -- in this literal use, not implying worthiness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When the whole heart is <b>excellently</b> sorry.
<i>J. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Excelsior</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cel"si*or</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L., compar. of <ets>excelsus</ets> elevated, lofty, p. p. of <ets>excellere</ets>. See <er>Excel</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>More lofty; still higher; ever upward.</def>

<h1>Excelsior</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cel"si*or</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of stuffing for upholstered furniture, mattresses, etc., in which curled shreds of wood are substituted for curled hair.</def>

<h1>Excentral</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cen"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ex<?/ + central</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Out of the center.</def>

<h1>Excentric, Excentrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex*cen"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex*cen"tric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Same as <er>Eccentric</er>, <er>Eccentrical</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One-sided; having the normally central portion not in the true center.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Excentricity</h1>
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<hw>Ex`cen*tric"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. (Math.) Same as <er>Eccentricity</er>.</def>

<h1>Except</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cept"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Excepted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Excepting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exceptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>excipere</ets> to take or draw out, to except; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>capere</ets> to take: cf. F. <ets>excepter</ets>. See <er>Capable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take or leave out (anything) from a number or a whole as not belonging to it; to exclude; to omit.</def>

<blockquote>Who never touched
The <b>excepted</b> tree.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wherein (if we only <b>except</b> the unfitness of the judge) all other things concurred.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To object to; to protest against.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Except</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cept"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take exception; to object; -- usually followed by <i>to</i>, sometimes by <i>against</i>; <as>as, to <ex>except</ex> to a witness or his testimony</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Except thou wilt <b>except</b> against my love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Except</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cept"</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[Originally past participle, or verb in the imperative mode.]</ety> <def>With exclusion of; leaving or left out; excepting.</def>

<blockquote>God and his Son <b>except</b>,
<b>Created thing naught valued he nor</b> . . . <b>shunned</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Except</er>, <er>Excepting</er>, <er>But</er>, <er>Save</er>, <er>Besides</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Excepting</i>, <i>except</i>, <i>but</i>, and <i>save</i> are exclusive. <i>Except</i> marks exclusion more pointedly. "I have finished all the letters <i>except</i> one," is more marked than "I have finished all the letters <i>but</i> one." <i>Excepting</i> is the same as <i>except</i>, but less used. <i>Save</i> is chiefly found in poetry. <i>Besides</i> (lit., by the side of) is in the nature of addition. "There is no one here <i>except</i> or <i>but</i> him," means, take him away and there is nobody present. "There is nobody here <i>besides</i> him," means, hi is present and by the side of, or in addition to, him is nobody. "Few ladies, <i>except</i> her Majesty, could have made themselves heard." In this example, <i>besides</i> should be used, not <i>except</i>.</usage>

<h1>Except</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cept"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <def>Unless; if it be not so that.</def>

<blockquote>And he said, I will not let thee go, <b>except</b> thou bless me.
<i>Gen. xxxii. 26.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But yesterday you never opened lip,
<b>Except</b>, indeed, to drink.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; As a conjunction <i>unless</i> has mostly taken the place of <i>except</i>.</note>

<h1>Exceptant</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cept"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making exception.</def>

<h1>Excepting</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cept"ing</hw>, <tt>prep. & conj.</tt><def>, but properly a <i>participle</i>. With rejection or exception of; excluding; except.</def> "<i>Excepting</i> your worship's presence."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>No one was ever yet made utterly miserable, <b>excepting</b> by himself.
<i>Lubbock.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exception</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exceptio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exception</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of excepting or excluding; exclusion; restriction by taking out something which would otherwise be included, as in a class, statement, rule.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is excepted or taken out from others; a person, thing, or case, specified as distinct, or not included; <as>as, almost every general rule has its <ex>exceptions</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Such rare <b>exceptions</b>, shining in the dark,
Prove, rather than impeach, the just remark.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<note>Often with <i>to</i>.</note>

<blockquote>That proud <b>exception</b> to all nature's laws.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An objection, oral or written, taken, in the course of an action, as to bail or security; or as to the decision of a judge, in the course of a trail, or in his charge to a jury; or as to lapse of time, or scandal, impertinence, or insufficiency in a pleading; also, as in conveyancing, a clause by which the grantor excepts something before granted.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An objection; cavil; dissent; disapprobation; offense; cause of offense; -- usually followed by <i>to</i> or <i>against</i>.</def>

<blockquote>I will never answer what <b>exceptions</b> they can have against our account [relation].
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He . . . took <b>exception</b> to the place of their burial.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She takes <b>exceptions</b> at your person.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bill of exceptions</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a statement of exceptions to the decision, or instructions of a judge in the trial of a cause, made for the purpose of putting the points decided on record so as to bring them before a superior court or the full bench for review.</cd></cs>

<h1>Exceptionable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cep"tion*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Liable to exception or objection; objectionable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*cep"tion*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>This passage I look upon to be the most <b>exceptionable</b> in the whole poem.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exceptional</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cep"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>exceptionnel</ets>.]</ety> <def>Forming an exception; not ordinary; uncommon; rare; hence, better than the average; superior.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<blockquote>This particular spot had <b>exceptional</b> advantages.
<i>Jowett (Th. )</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ex*cep"tion*al*ly</wf><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Exceptioner</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cep"tion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who takes exceptions or makes objections.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Exceptionless</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cep"tion*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without exception.</def>

<blockquote>A universal, . . . <b>exceptionless</b> disqualification.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exceptious</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cep"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disposed or apt to take exceptions, or to object; captious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>At least effectually silence the doubtful and <b>exceptious</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ex*cep"tious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Exceptive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cept"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That excepts; including an exception; <as>as, an <ex>exceptive</ex> proposition</as>.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<blockquote>A particular and <b>exceptive</b> law.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exceptless</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cept"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not exceptional; usual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>My general and <b>exceptless</b> rashness.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exceptor</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cept"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a scribe.]</ety> <def>One who takes exceptions.</def>

<i>T. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Excerebration</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cer`e*bra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excerebratus</ets> deprived of brains; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>cerebrum</ets> brain.]</ety> <def>The act of removing or beating out the brains.</def>

<h1>Excerebrose</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cer"e*brose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Excerebration</er>.]</ety> <def>Brainless.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Excern</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cern"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excernere</ets>. See <er>Excrete</er>.]</ety> <def>To excrete; to throw off through the pores; <as>as, fluids are <ex>excerned</ex> in perspiration</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Excernent</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cern"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Excern</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Connected with, or pertaining to, excretion.</def>

<h1>Excerp</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cerp"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excerpere</ets>, <ets>excerptum</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>carpere</ets> to pick, gather. See <er>Harvest</er>, and cf. <er>Scarce</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To pick out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hales.</i>

<h1>Excerpt</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cerpt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Excerpted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Excerpting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From L. <ets>excerptus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Excerp</er>.]</ety> <def>To select; to extract; to cite; to quote.</def>

<blockquote>Out of which we have <b>excerpted</b> the following particulars.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Excerpt</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cerp"t</hw> <tt>(277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An extract; a passage selected or copied from a book or record.</def>

<h1>Excerption</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cerp"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excerptio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of excerpting or selecting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is selected or gleaned; an extract.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>His <b>excerptions</b> out of the Fathers.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Excerptive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cerp"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That excerpts, selects, or chooses.</def>

<i>D. L. Mackenzie.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Excerptor</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cerp"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes excerpts; a picker; a culler.</def>

<h1>Excess</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cess"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>exces</ets>, <ets>excess</ets>, ecstasy, L. <ets>excessus</ets> a going out, loss of self-possession, fr. <ets>excedere</ets>, <ets>excessum</ets>, to go out, go beyond: cf. F. <ets>exc\'8as</ets>. See <er>Exceed</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of surpassing or going beyond limits; the being of a measure beyond sufficiency, necessity, or duty; that which exceeds what is usual or prover; immoderateness; superfluity; superabundance; extravagance; <as>as, an <ex>excess</ex> of provisions or of light</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To gild refined gold, to paint the lily,
To throw a perfume on the violet, . . .
Is wasteful and ridiculous <b>excess</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That kills me with <b>excess</b> of grief, this with <b>excess</b> of joy.
<i>Walsh.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="521">
Page 521<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An undue indulgence of the appetite; transgression of proper moderation in natural gratifications; intemperance; dissipation.</def>

<blockquote>Be not drunk with wine, wherein is <b>excess</b>.
<i>Eph. v. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thy desire . . . leads to no <b>excess</b>
<b>That reaches blame</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The degree or amount by which one thing or number exceeds another; remainder; <as>as, the difference between two numbers is the <ex>excess</ex> of one over the other</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Spherical excess</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the amount by which the sum of the three angles of a spherical triangle exceeds two right angles. The spherical excess is proportional to the area of the triangle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Excessive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cess"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>excessif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by, or exhibiting, excess; overmuch.</def>

<blockquote><b>Excessive</b> grief [is] the enemy to the living.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Undue; exorbitant; extreme; overmuch; enormous; immoderate; monstrous; intemperate; unreasonable. See <er>Enormous</er></syn>

--<wordforms><wf>Ex*cess*ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -<wf>Ex*cess"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Exchange</h1>
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<hw>Ex*change"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>eschange</ets>, <ets>eschaunge</ets>, OF. <ets>eschange</ets>, fr. <ets>eschangier</ets>, F. <ets>\'82changer</ets>, to exchange; pref. <ets>ex-</ets> out + F. <ets>changer</ets>. See <er>Change</er>, and cf. <er>Excamb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of giving or taking one thing in return for another which is regarded as an equivalent; <as>as, an <ex>exchange</ex> of cattle for grain</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of substituting one thing in the place of another; <as>as, an <ex>exchange</ex> of grief for joy, or of a scepter for a sword, and the like</as>; also, the act of giving and receiving reciprocally; <as>as, an <ex>exchange</ex> of civilities or views</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The thing given or received in return; esp., a publication exchanged for another.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The process of setting accounts or debts between parties residing at a distance from each other, without the intervention of money, by exchanging orders or drafts, called <i>bills of exchange</i>. These may be drawn in one country and payable in another, in which case they are called <i>foreign bills</i>; or they may be drawn and made payable in the same country, in which case they are called <i>inland bills</i>. The term <i>bill of exchange</i> is often abbreviated into <i>exchange</i>; <as>as, to buy or sell <ex>exchange</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; A in London is creditor to B in New York, and C in London owes D in New York a like sum. A in London draws a bill of exchange on B in New York; C in London purchases the bill, by which A receives his debt due from B in New York. C transmits the bill to D in New York, who receives the amount from B.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A mutual grant of equal interests, the one in consideration of the other. Estates exchanged must be equal in quantity, as fee simple for fee simple.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The place where the merchants, brokers, and bankers of a city meet at certain hours, to transact business. In this sense often contracted to <i>'Change</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Arbitration of exchange</col>. <cd>See under <er>Arbitration</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bill of exchange</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bill</er>.</cd> -- <col>Exchange broker</col>. <cd>See under <er>Broker</er>.</cd> -- <col>Par of exchange</col>, <cd>the established value of the coin or standard of value of one country when expressed in the coin or standard of another, as the value of the pound sterling in the currency of France or the United States. The par <i>of exchange<i> rarely varies, and serves as a measure for the rise and fall of exchange that is affected by the demand and supply. Exchange is <i>at par<i> when, for example, a bill in New York, for the payment of one hundred pounds sterling in London, can be purchased for the sum. Exchange is <i>in favor<i> of a place when it can be purchased there at or above <i>par<i>.</cd> -- <col>Telephone exchange</col>, <cd>a central office in which the wires of any two telephones or telephone stations may be connected to permit conversation.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Barter; dealing; trade; traffic; interchange.</syn>

<h1>Exchange</h1>
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<hw>Ex*change"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exchanged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exchanging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.OF. <ets>eschangier</ets>, F. <ets>\'82changer</ets>. See <er>Exchange</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To part with give, or transfer to another in consideration of something received as an equivalent; -- usually followed by <i>for</i> before the thing received.</def>

<blockquote><b>Exchange</b> his sheep for shells, or wool for a sparking pebble or a diamond.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To part with for a substitute; to lay aside, quit, or resign (something being received in place of the thing <?/ with); <as>as, to <ex>exchange</ex> a palace for cell</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And death for life <b>exchanged</b> foolishly.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To shift his being
Is to <b>exchange</b> one misery with another.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give and receive reciprocally, as things of the same kind; to barter; to swap; <as>as, to <ex>exchange</ex> horses with a neighbor; to <ex>exchange</ex> houses or hats.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Exchange</b> forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To barter; change; commute; interchange; bargain; truck; swap; traffic.</syn>

<h1>Exchange</h1>
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<hw>Ex*change"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be changed or received in exchange for; to pass in exchange; <as>as, dollar <ex>exchanges</ex> for ten dimes</as>.</def>

<h1>Exchangeability</h1>
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<hw>Ex*change`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being exchangeable.</def>

<blockquote>The law ought not be contravened by an express article admitting the <b>exchangeability</b> of such persons.
<i>Washington.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exchangeable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*change"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>\'82changeable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being exchanged; fit or proper to be exchanged.</def>

<blockquote>The officers captured with Burgoyne were <b>exchangeable</b> within the powers of General Howe.
<i>Marshall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Available for making exchanges; ratable.</def> "An <i>exchangeable</i> value."

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Exchangeably</h1>
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<hw>Ex*change"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of exchange.</def>

<h1>Exchanger</h1>
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<hw>Ex*chan"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who exchanges; one who practices exchange.</def>

<i>Matt.<?/.</i>

<h1>Excheat</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cheat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Escheat</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Excheator</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cheat"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Escheator</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Exchequer</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cheq"uer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>escheker</ets>, OF. <ets>eichekier</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>scaccarium</ets>. See <er>Checker</er>, <er>Chess</er>, <er>Check</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the superior courts of law; -- so called from a checkered cloth, which covers, or formerly covered, the table.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<note>&hand; The <i>exchequer</i> was a court of law and equity. In the revenue department, it had jurisdiction over the proprietary rights of the crown against subjects; in the common law department, it administered justice in personal actions between subject and subject. A person proceeding against another in the revenue department was said to <i>exchequer</i> him. The judges of this court were one chief and four puisne barons, so styled. The <i>Court of Exchequer Chamber</i> sat as court of error in which the judgments of each of the superior courts of common law, in England, were subject to revision by the judges of the other two sitting collectively. Causes involving difficult questions of law were sometimes after argument, adjourned into this court from the other courts, for debate before judgment in the court below. Recent legislation in England (1880) has abolished the Court of Exchequer and the Court of Exchequer Chamber, as distinct tribunals, a single board of judiciary, the High Court of Justice, being established for the trial of all classes of civil cases.</note>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The department of state having charge of the collection and management of the royal revenue. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> Hence, the treasury; and, colloquially, pecuniary possessions in general; <as>as, the company's <ex>exchequer</ex> is low</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Barons of the exchequer</col>. <cd>See under <er>Baron</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chancellor of the exchequer</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chancellor</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Exchequer</col> <col>bills &or; bonds</col></mcol> <fld>(Eng.)</fld>, <cd>bills of money, or promissory bills, issued from the exchequer by authority of Parliament; a species of paper currency emitted under the authority of the government, and bearing interest.</cd></cs>

<h1>Exchequer</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cheq"uer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exchequered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exchequering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To institute a process against (any one) in the Court of Exchequer.</def>

<h1>Excide</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excidere</ets>, <ets>excisum</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>caedere</ets> to cut. See <er>Concise</er>, and cf. <er>Excise</er> to cut off.]</ety> <def>To cut off.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Excipient</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cip"i*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excipients</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>exipere</ets>. See <er>Except</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Taking an exception.</def>

<h1>Excipient</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cip"i*ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An exceptor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inert or slightly active substance used in preparing remedies as a vehicle or medium of administration for the medicinal agents.</def>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Exciple, Excipulum</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex"ci*ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex*cip"u*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>excipulum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>excipere</ets>. See <er>Except</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The outer part of the fructification of most lichens.</def>

<h1>Excisable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cis"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Liable or subject to excise; <as>as, tobacco in an <ex>excisable</ex> commodity</as>.</def>

<h1>Excise</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Apparently fr. L. <ets>excisum</ets> cut off, fr. <ets>excidere</ets> to cut out or off; <ets>ex</ets> out, off + <ets>caedere</ets> to cut; or, as the word was formerly written <ets>accise</ets>, fr. F. <ets>accise</ets>, LL.  <ets>accisia</ets>, as if fr. L. <ets>accidere</ets>, <ets>accisum</ets>, to cut into; <ets>ad + caedere</ets> to cut; but prob. transformed fr. OF. <ets>assise</ets>, LL. <ets>assisa</ets>, <ets>assisia</ets>, assize. See <er>Assize</er>, <er>Concise</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In inland duty or impost operating as an indirect tax on the consumer, levied upon certain specified articles, as, tobacco, ale, spirits, etc., grown or manufactured in the country. It is also levied to pursue certain trades and deal in certain commodities. Certain direct taxes (as, in England, those on carriages, servants, plate, armorial bearings, etc.), are included in the excise. Often used adjectively; <as>as, <ex>excise</ex> duties; <ex>excise</ex> law; <ex>excise</ex> system.</as></def>

<blockquote>The English <b>excise</b> system corresponds to the internal revenue system in the United States.
<i>Abbot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An <b>excise</b> . . . is a fixed, absolute, and direct charge laid on merchandise, products, or commodities.
<i>11 Allen's (Mass. ) Rpts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That department or bureau of the public service charged with the collection of the excise taxes.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Excise</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cise"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Excised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Excising</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay or impose an excise upon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To impose upon; to overcharge.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Excise</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cise"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Excide</er>.]</ety> <def>To cut out or off; to separate and remove; <as>as, to <ex>excise</ex> a tumor</as>.</def>

<h1>Exciseman</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cise"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Excisemen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>An officer who inspects and rates articles liable to excise duty.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Excision</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ci"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excisio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>excision</ets>. See <er>Excide</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of excising or cutting out or off; extirpation; destruction.</def>

<blockquote>Such conquerors are the instruments of vengeance on those nations that have . . . grown ripe for <b>excision</b>.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The act of cutting off from the church; excommunication.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The removal, especially of small parts, with a cutting instrument.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Excitability</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cit"a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>excitabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being readily excited; proneness to be affected by exciting causes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The property manifested by living organisms, and the elements and tissues of which they are constituted, of responding to the action of stimulants; irritability; <as>as, nervous <ex>excitability</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Excitable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cit"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excitabilis</ets> inciting: cf. F. <ets>excitable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being excited, or roused into action; susceptible of excitement; easily stirred up, or stimulated.</def>

<h1>Excitant</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cit"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excitans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>excitare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>excitant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to excite; exciting.</def>

<h1>Excitant</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cit"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An agent or influence which arouses vital activity, or produces increased action, in a living organism or in any of its tissues or parts; a stimulant.</def>

<h1>Excitate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cit"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excitatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>excitare</ets>. See <er>Excite</er>.]</ety> <def>To excite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Excitation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`ci*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>excitation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of exciting or putting in motion; the act of rousing up or awakening.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act of producing excitement (stimulation); also, the excitement produced.</def>

<h1>Excitative</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cit"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>excitatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having power to excite; tending or serving to excite; excitatory.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Excitator</h1>
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<hw>Ex"ci*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., one who rouses.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A kind of discarder.</def>

<h1>Excitatory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cit"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>excitatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to excite; containing excitement; excitative.</def>

<h1>Excite</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Excited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>exciting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>excitare</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>citare</ets> to move rapidly, to rouse: cf. OF. <ets>esciter</ets>, <ets>exciter</ets>, F. <ets>exciter</ets>. See <er>Cite</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To call to activity in any way; to rouse to feeling; to kindle to passionate emotion; to stir up to combined or general activity; <as>as, to <ex>excite</ex> a person, the spirits, the passions; to <ex>excite</ex> a mutiny or insurrection; to <ex>excite</ex> heat by friction.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To call forth or increase the vital activity of an organism, or any of its parts.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To incite; awaken; animate; rouse or arouse; stimulate; inflame; irritate; provoke.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Excite</er>, <er>Incite</er>. When we <i>excite</i> we rouse into action feelings which were less strong; when we <i>incite</i> we spur on or urge forward to a specific act or end. Demosthenes <i>excited</i> the passions of the Athenians against Philip, and thus <i>incited</i> the whole nation to unite in the war against him. Antony, by his speech over the body of C\'91sar, so <i>excited</i> the feelings of the populace, that Brutus and his companions were compelled to flee from Rome; many however, were <i>incited</i> to join their standard, not only by love of liberty, but hopes of plunder.</usage>

<h1>Exciteful</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cite"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Full of exciting qualities; <as>as, an <ex>exciteful</ex> story; <ex>exciteful</ex> players.</as></def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Excitement</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cite"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>excitement</ets>, <ets>escitement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of exciting, or the state of being roused into action, or of having increased action; impulsion; agitation; <as>as, an <ex>excitement</ex> of the people</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which excites or rouses; that which moves, stirs, or induces action; a motive.</def>

<blockquote>The cares and <b>excitements</b> of a season of transition and struggle.
<i>Talfowrd.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A state of aroused or increased vital activity in an organism, or any of its organs or tissues.</def>

<h1>Exciter</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cit"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, excites.</def>

<blockquote>Hope is the grand <b>exciter</b> of industry.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exciting</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cit"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Calling or rousing into action; producing excitement; <as>as, <ex>exciting</ex> events; an <ex>exciting</ex> story.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*cit"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Exciting causes</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>those which immediately produce disease, or those which excite the action of predisposing causes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Excitive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cit"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving or tending to excite; excitative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bamfield.</i>

<h1>Excitive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cit"ive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which excites; an excitant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Excito-motion</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ci`to-mo"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Motion excited by reflex nerves. See <er>Excito-motory</er>.</def>

<h1>Excito-motor</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ci`to-mo"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Excitomotory; <as>as, <ex>excito-motor</ex> power or causes</as>.</def>

<h1>Excito-motory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ci`to-mo"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Exciting motion; -- said of that portion of the nervous system concerned in reflex action, by which impressions are transmitted to a nerve center and then reflected back so as to produce muscular contraction without sensation or volition.</def>

<h1>Excito-nutrient</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ci`to-nu"tri*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Exciting nutrition; said of the reflex influence by which the nutritional processes are either excited or modified.</def>

<h1>Excito-secretory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ci`to-se*cre"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Exciting secretion; -- said of the influence exerted by reflex action on the function of secretion, by which the various glands are excited to action.</def>

<h1>Exclaim</h1>
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<hw>Ex*claim"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.& i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exclaimed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exclaiming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exclamare</ets>, <ets>exclamatum</ets>; <ets>ex + clamare</ets> to cry out; cf. OF. <ets>exclamer</ets>. See <er>Clam</er>.]</ety> <def>To cry out from earnestness or passion; to utter with vehemence; to call out or declare loudly; to protest vehemently; to vociferate; to shout; <as>as, to <ex>exclaim</ex> against oppression with wonder or astonishment; "The field is won!" he <ex>exclaimed</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Exclaim</h1>
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<hw>Ex*claim"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Outcry; clamor.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Cursing cries and deep <b>exclaims</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exclaimer</h1>
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<hw>Ex*claim"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who exclaims.</def>

<h1>Exclamation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`cla*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exclamatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exclamation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A loud calling or crying out; outcry; loud or emphatic utterance; vehement vociferation; clamor; that which is cried out, as an expression of feeling; sudden expression of sound or words indicative of emotion, as in surprise, pain, grief, joy, anger, etc.</def>

<blockquote><b>Exclamations</b> against abuses in the church.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thus will I drown your <b>exclamations</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A festive <b>exclamation</b> not unsuited to the occasion.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A word expressing outcry; an interjection; a word expressing passion, as wonder, fear, or grief.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A mark or sign by which outcry or emphatic utterance is marked; thus [!]; -- called also <altname>exclamation point</altname>.</def>

<h1>Exclamative</h1>
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<hw>Ex*clam"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>exclamatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Exclamatory.</def> <i>Earle</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*clam"a*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Exclamatory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*clam"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing, expressing, or using exclamation; <as>as, an <ex>exclamatory</ex> phrase or speaker</as>.</def> <i>South</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*clam"a*to*ti*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Exclave</h1>
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<hw>Ex*clave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formed fr. <ets>enclave</ets> by substitution of <ets>ex-</ets> for <ets>en-</ets>]</ety> <def>A portion of a country which is separated from the main part and surrounded by politically alien territory.</def> <mark>[Recent.]</mark>

<note>&hand; The same territory is an <i>enclave</i> in respect to the surrounding country and an <i>exclave</i> with respect to the country to which it is politically attached.</note>

<h1>Exclude</h1>
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<hw>Ex*clude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Excluded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Excluding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>excludere</ets>, <ets>exclusum</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>claudere</ets> to shut. See <er>Close</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shut out; to hinder from entrance or admission; to debar from participation or enjoyment; to deprive of; to except; -- the opposite to <i>admit</i>; <as>as, <ex>to exclude</ex> a crowd from a room or house; to <ex>exclude</ex> the light; to <ex>exclude</ex> one nation from the ports of another; to <ex>exclude</ex> a taxpayer from the privilege of voting.</as></def>

<blockquote>And none but such, from mercy I <b>exclude</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To thrust out or eject; to expel; <as>as, to <ex>exclude</ex> young animals from the womb or from eggs</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Excluded middle</col>. <fld>(logic)</fld> <cd>The name given to the third of the  "three logical axioms," so-called, namely, to that one which is expressed by the formula: "Everything is either A or Not-A." no third state or condition being involved or allowed. See <cref>Principle of contradiction</cref>, under <er>Contradiction</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Exclusion</h1>
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<hw>Ex*clu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exclusio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exclusion</ets>. See <er>Exclude</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of excluding, or of shutting out, whether by thrusting out or by preventing admission; a debarring; rejection; prohibition; the state of being excluded.</def>

<blockquote>His sad <b>exclusion</b> from the doors of bliss.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>exclusion</b> of the duke from the crown of England and Ireland.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act of expelling or ejecting a fetus or an egg from the womb.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Thing emitted.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Exclusionary</h1>
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<hw>Ex*clu"sion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to exclude; causing exclusion; exclusive.</def>

<h1>Exclusionism</h1>
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<hw>Ex*clu"sion*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The character, manner, or principles of an exclusionist.</def>

<h1>Exclusionist</h1>
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<hw>Ex*clu"sion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who would exclude another from some right or privilege; esp., one of the anti-popish politicians of the time of Charles <?/.</def>

<h1>Exclusive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*clu"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>exclusif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the power of preventing entrance; debarring from participation or enjoyment; possessed and enjoyed to the exclusion of others; <as>as, <ex>exclusive</ex> bars; <ex>exclusive</ex> privilege; <ex>exclusive</ex> circles of society.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not taking into the account; excluding from consideration; -- opposed to <i>inclusive</i>; <as>as, five thousand troops, <ex>exclusive</ex> of artillery</as>.</def>

<h1>Exclusive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*clu"sive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a coterie who exclude others; one who from real of affected fastidiousness limits his acquaintance to a select few.</def>

<h1>Exclusiveness</h1>
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<hw>Ex*clu"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being exclusive.</def>

<h1>Exclusivism</h1>
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<hw>Ex*clu"siv*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or practice of excluding being exclusive; exclusiveness.</def>

<h1>Exclusivist</h1>
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<hw>Ex*clu"siv*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who favor or practices any from of exclusiveness or exclusivism.</def>

<blockquote>The field of Greek mythology . . . the favorite sporting ground of the <b>exclusivists</b> of the solar theory.
<i>Gladstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exclusory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*clu"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exclusorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Able to exclude; excluding; serving to exclude.</def>

<h1>Excoct</h1>
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<hw>Ex*coct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excoctus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>excoquere</ets> to excoct. See 3d <er>Cook</er>.]</ety> <def>To boil out; to produce by boiling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Excoction</h1>
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<hw>Ex*coc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>excoctio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of excocting or boiling out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Excogitate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cog"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Excogitated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt>. <er>Excogitating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>excogitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>excogitare</ets> to excogitate; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>cogitare</ets> to think. See <er>Cogitate</er>.]</ety> <def>To think out; to find out or discover by thinking; to devise; to contrive.</def> "<i>Excogitate</i> strange arts."

<i>Stirling.</i>

<blockquote>This evidence . . . thus <b>excogitated</b> out of the general theory.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Excogitate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cog"i*tate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To cogitate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Excogitation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cog`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excogitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>excogitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of excogitating; a devising in the thoughts; invention; contrivance.</def>

<h1>Excommune</h1>
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<hw>Ex`com*mune"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>excommuier</ets>. See <er>Excommunicate</er>.]</ety> <def>To exclude from participation in; to excommunicate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Poets . . . were <b>excommuned</b> Plato's common wealth
<i>Gayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Excommunicable</h1>
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<hw>Ex`com*mu"ni*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Excommunicate</er>.]</ety> <def>Liable or deserving to be excommunicated; making excommunication possible or proper.</def> "Persons <i>excommunicable</i> ."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<blockquote>What offenses are <b>excommunicable</b> ?
<i>Kenle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Excommunicant</h1>
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<hw>Ex`com*mu"ni*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who has been excommunicated.</def>

<h1>Excommunicate</h1>
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<hw>Ex"com*mu"ni*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excommunicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>communicare</ets> to excommunicate; <ets>ex out + communicare</ets>. See <er>Communicate</er>.]</ety> <def>Excommunicated; interdicted from the rites of the church.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One excommunicated.</def></def2>

<blockquote>Thou shalt stand cursed and <b>excommunicate</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Excommunicate</h1>
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<hw>Ex`com*mu"ni*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Excommunicated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Excommunicating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put out of communion; especially, to cut off, or shut out, from communion with the church, by an ecclesiastical sentence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lay under the ban of the church; to interdict.</def>

<blockquote>Martin the Fifth . . . was the first that <b>excommunicated</b> the reading of heretical books.
<i>Miltin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Excommunication</h1>
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<hw>Ex`com*mu`ni*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excommunicatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>excommunication</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of communicating or ejecting; esp., an ecclesiastical censure whereby the person against whom it is pronounced is, for the time, cast out of the communication of the church; exclusion from fellowship in things spiritual.</def>

<note>&hand; excommunication is of two kinds, the <i>lesser</i> and the <i>greater</i>; the <i>lesser</i> excommunication is a separation or suspension from partaking of the Eucharist; the <i>greater</i> is an absolute execution of the offender from the church and all its rights and advantages, even from social intercourse with the faithful.</note>

<h1>Excommunicator</h1>
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<hw>Ex`com*mu"ni*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>excommunicator</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who excommunicates.</def>

<h1>Excommunion</h1>
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<hw>Ex`com*mun"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A shutting out from communion; excommunication.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Excommunication</b> is the utmost of ecclesiastical judicature.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Excoriable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*co"ri*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. Capable of being excoriated.</def>

<blockquote> The scaly covering of fishes, . . . even in such as are <b>excoriatable,/qex>.</def>
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eccoriate</h1>
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<hw>Ec*co"ri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Excoriated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>excoriating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>excoriare</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>corium</ets> hide. cf. <er>Scourge</er>; see <er>Cuirass</er>.]</ety> <def>To strip or wear off the skin of; to abrade; to gall; to break and remove the cuticle of, in any manner, as by rubbing, beating, or by the action of acrid substances.</def>

<h1>Excoriation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*co`ri*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>excoriation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of excoriating or flaying, or state of being excoriated, or stripped of the skin; abrasion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Stripping of possession; spoliation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A pitiful <b>excoriation</b> of the poorer sort.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Excorticate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cor"ti*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ex</ets> out, from + <ets>cortex</ets>, <ets>corticis</ets>, bark.]</ety> <def>To strip of bark or skin; to decorticate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Excorticate</i> the tree."

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Excortication</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cor`ti*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>excortication</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of stripping off bark, or the state of being thus stripped; decortication.</def>

<h1>Excreable</h1>
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<hw>Ex"cre*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excreabilis</ets>, <ets>exscreabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>exscreare</ets>. See <er>Excreate</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being discharged by spitting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Excreate</h1>
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<hw>Ex"cre*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excreare</ets>, <ets>exsreare</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>screare</ets> to hawk.]</ety> <def>To spit out; to discharge from the throat by hawking and spitting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Excreation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`cre*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excreatio</ets>, <ets>exscreatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of spitting out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Excrement</h1>
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<hw>Ex"cre*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excrementum</ets>, fr. <ets>excernere</ets>, <ets>excretum</ets>, to skin out, discharge: cf. F. <ets>excr\'82ment</ets>. See <er>Excrete</er>.]</ety> <def>Matter excreted and ejected; that which is excreted or cast out of the animal body by any of the natural emunctories; especially, alvine, discharges; dung; ordure.</def>

<h1>Excrement</h1>
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<hw>Ex"cre*ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excrementum</ets>, fr. <ets>excrescere</ets>, <ets>excretum</ets>, to grow out. See <er>Excrescence</er>.]</ety> <def>An excrescence or appendage; an outgrowth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Ornamental <i>excrements</i>."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<blockquote>Living creatures put forth (after their period of growth) nothing that is young but hair and nails, which are <b>excrements</b> and no parts.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Excremental</h1>
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<hw>Ex`cre*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to excrement.</def>

<h1>Excrementitial, Excrementitious</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex`cre*men*ti"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex`cre*men*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or consisting of, excrement; of the nature of excrement.</def>

<h1>Excrementive</h1>
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<hw>Ex`cre*men"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to excrete; connected with excretion or excrement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>excrementive</i> parts."

<i>Felthman.</i>

<h1>Excrementize</h1>
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<hw>Ex"cre*ment*ize`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To void excrement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Life of A. Wood <?/.</i>

<h1>Excrescence</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cres"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>excrescence</ets>, <ets>excroissanse</ets>, L. <ets>excrescentia</ets> excrescences, neut. pl. of p. pr. of <ets>excrescere</ets>. See <er>Excrescent</er>.]</ety> <def>An excrescent appendage, as, a wart or tumor; anything growing out unnaturally from anything else; a preternatural or morbid development; hence, a troublesome superfluity; an incumbrance; <as>as, an <ex>excrescence</ex> on the body, or on a plant</as>.</def> "<i>Excrescences</i> of joy."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>excrescences</b> of the Spanish monarchy.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Excrescency</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cres"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excrescence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Excrescent</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cres"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excresens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>excrescere</ets> to grow out ; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>crescere</ets> to grow. See <er>Crescent</er>.]</ety> <def>Growing out in an abnormal or morbid manner or as a superfluity.</def>

<blockquote>Expunge the whole, or lip the <b>excrescent</b> parts.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Excrescent letter</col> <fld>(Philol.)</fld>, <cd>a letter which has been added to a root; <as>as, the <i>d<i> in <i>alder<i> (AS. <i>alr<i>) is an <ex>excrescent letter<ex>.</as></cd></cs>

<h1>Excrescential</h1>
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<hw>Ex`cres*cen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, an excrescence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Excreta</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cre"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Matters to be excreted.</def>

<h1>Excrete</h1>
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<hw>Ex*crete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Excreted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Excreting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>excretus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>excernere</ets> to sift out, discharge; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>cernere</ets> to sift, separate. See <er>Crisis</er>.]</ety> <def>To separate and throw off; to <i>excrete</i> urine.</def> "The mucus thus <i>excreted</i>."

<i>Hooper.</i>

<h1>Excretin</h1>
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<hw>Ex"cre*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Excrete</er>.]</ety> <fld>(physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A nonnitrogenous, crystalline body, present in small quantity in human f\'91ces.</def>

<h1>Excretion</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cre"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>excr\'82tion</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of excreting.</def>

<blockquote>To promote secretion and <i>excretion</i>.
<i>Pereira.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is excreted; excrement.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Excretive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cre"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the power of excreting, or promoting excretion.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Excretory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cre"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>excr\'82toire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of excreting, or throwing off excrementitious matter.</def>

<h1>Excruciable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cru"ci*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excruciabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Liable to torment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Excruciate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cru"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excruciatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>excruciare</ets> to excruciate; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>cruciare</ets> to put to death on a cross, to torment. See <er>Cruciate</er>, <er>Cross</er>.]</ety> <def>Excruciated; tortured.</def>

<blockquote>And here my heart long time <b>excruciate</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Excruciate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cru"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Excruciated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Excruciating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To inflict agonizing pain upon; to torture; to torment greatly; to rack; <as>as, to <ex>excruciate</ex> the heart or the body</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Their thoughts, like devils, them <b>excruciate</b>.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Excruciating</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cru"ci*a`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. Torturing; racking. "<i>Excruciating</i> pain." <i>V. Knox.</i> "<i>Excruciating</i> fears." <i>Bentley</i></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*cru"ci*a`ting*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Excruciation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cru`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excruciatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of inflicting agonizing pain, or the state of being thus afflicted; that which excruciates; torture.</def>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Excubation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`cu*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excubatio</ets>, fr. <ets>excubare</ets> to lie out on guard; <ets>ex</ets> out on guard; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>cubare</ets> to lie down.]</ety> <def>A keeping watch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Excubitorium</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cu`bi*to"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>excubitorium</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>cubare</ets>, <ets>cubitum</ets>, to lie.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A gallery in a church, where persons watched all night.</def>

<h1>Exculpable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cul"pa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. Capable of being exculpated; deserving exculpation.</def>

<i>Sir G. Buck.</i>

<h1>Exculpate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cul"pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exculpated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ets>p. pr. & vb. n.</ets>. <er>Exculpating</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>culpatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>culpare</ets> to find fault with, to blame, <ets>culpa</ets> fault. See <er>Culpable</er>.]</ety> <def>To clear from alleged fault or guilt; to prove to be guiltless; to relieve of blame; to acquit.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>exculpated</b> himself from being the author of the heroic epistle.
<i>Mason.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>exculpate</b> him further for his writing against me.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To exonerate; absolve; clear; acquit; excuse; vindicate; justify.</syn>

<h1>Exculpation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`cul*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>exculpatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of exculpating from alleged fault or crime; that which exculpates; excuse.</def>

<blockquote>These robbers, however, were men who might have made out a strong case in <b>exculpation</b> of themselves.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exculpatory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cul"pa*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. Clearing, or tending to clear, from alleged fault or guilt; excusing.</def> "An <i>exculpatory</i> letter."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Excur</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excurrere</ets>. See <er>Excurrent</er>.]</ety> <def>To run out or forth; to extend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Excurrent</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cur"rent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excurrens</ets>, p. p. of excurrere, excursum, to run out; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>currere</ets> to run. See <er>Current</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Running or flowing out</def>; as: <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Running or extending out; <as>as, an <ex>excurrent</ex> midrib, one which projects beyond the apex of a leaf; an <ex>excurrent</ex> steam or trunk, one which continues to the top</as></def>.

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>Characterized by a current which flows outward; <as>as, an <ex>excurrent</ex> orifice or tube</as>.</def>

<h1>Excurse</h1>
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<hw>Ex*curse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>excurrent</er>.]</ety> <def>To journey or pass thought.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Excursion</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cur"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>excursio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>excursion</ets>. See <er>Excurrent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A running or going out or forth; an expedition; a sally.</def>

<blockquote>Far on <b>excursion</b> toward the gates of hell.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They would make <b>excursions</b> and waste the country.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A journey chiefly for recreation; a pleasure trip; a brief tour; <as>as, an <ex>excursion</ex> into the country</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A wandering from a subject; digression.</def>

<blockquote>I am not in a scribbling mood, and shall therefore make no <b>excursions</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>Length of stroke, as of a piston; stroke. [An awkward use of the word.]</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Journey; tour; ramble; jaunt. See <er>Journey</er>.</syn>

<h1>Excursionist</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cur"sion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who goes on an excursion, or pleasure trip.</def>

<h1>Excursive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cur"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Prone to make excursions; wandering; roving; exploring; <as>as, an <ex>excursive</ex> fancy</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The course of <b>excursive</b> . . . understandings.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ex*cur"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ex*cur"sive*ness</wf>, , <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Excursus</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cur"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>excurrere</ets>, <ets>excursum</ets>. See <er>Excurrent</er>.]</ety> <def>A dissertation or digression appended to a work, and containing a more extended exposition of some important point or topic.</def>

<h1>Excusable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cus"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excusabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>excusable</ets>. See <er>Excuse</er>.]</ety> <def>That may be excused, forgiven, justified, or acquitted of blame; pardonable; <as>as, the man is <ex>excusable</ex>; an <ex>excusable</ex> action</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*cus"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Ex*cus"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>The <b>excusableness</b> of my dissatisfaction.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Excusation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`cu*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excusatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>excusation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Excuse; apology.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Excusator</h1>
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<hw>Ex`cu*sa"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who makes, or is authorized to make, an excuse; an apologist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hume.</i>

<h1>Excusatory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cus"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making or containing excuse or apology; apologetical; <as>as, an <ex>excusatory</ex> plea</as>.</def>

<h1>Excuse</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Excused</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Excusing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>escusen</ets>, <ets>cusen</ets>, OF. <ets>escuser</ets>, <ets>excuser</ets>, F. <ets>excuser</ets>, fr. L. <ets>excusare</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>causa</ets> cause, <ets>causari</ets> to plead. See <er>Cause</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To free from accusation, or the imputation of fault or blame; to clear from guilt; to release from a charge; to justify by extenuating a fault; to exculpate; to absolve; to acquit.</def>

<blockquote>A man's persuasion that a thing is duty, will not <b>excuse</b> him from guilt in practicing it, if really and indeed it be against Gog's law.
<i>Abp. Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pardon, as a fault; to forgive entirely, or to admit to be little censurable, and to overlook; <as>as, we <ex>excuse</ex> irregular conduct, when extraordinary circumstances appear to justify it</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I must <b>excuse</b> what can not be amended.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To regard with indulgence; to view leniently or to overlook; to pardon.</def>

<blockquote>And in our own (<b>excuse</b> some courtly stains.)
No whiter page than Addison remains.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To free from an impending obligation or duty; hence, to disengage; to dispense with; to release by favor; also, to remit by favor; not to exact; <as>as, to <ex>excuse</ex> a forfeiture</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I pray thee have me <b>excused</b>.
<i>xiv. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To relieve of an imputation by apology or defense; to make apology for as not seriously evil; to ask pardon or indulgence for.</def>

<blockquote>Think ye that we <b>excuse</b> ourselves to you?
<i>2 Cor. xii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To vindicate; exculpate; absolve; acquit.</syn> <usage>- <er>To Pardon</er>, <er>Excuse</er>, <er>Forgive</er>. A superior <i>pardons</i> as an act of mercy or generosity; either a superior or an equal <i>excuses</i>. A crime, great fault, or a grave offence, as one against law or morals, may be <i>pardoned</i>; a small fault, such as a failure in social or conventional obligations, slight omissions or neglects may be <i>excused</i>. <i>Forgive</i> relates to offenses against one's self, and punishment foregone; as, to <i>forgive</i> injuries or one who has injured us; to <i>pardon</i> grave offenses, crimes, and criminals; to <i>excuse</i> an act of forgetfulness, an unintentional offense. <i>Pardon</i> is also a word of courtesy employed in the sense of <i>excuse</i>.</usage>

<hr>
<page="523">
Page 523<p>

<h1>Excuse</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>excuse</ets>. See <er>Excuse</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of excusing, apologizing, exculpating, pardoning, releasing, and the like; acquittal; release; absolution; justification; extenuation.</def>

<blockquote>Pleading so wisely in <b>excuse</b> of it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is offered as a reason for being excused; a plea offered in extenuation of a fault or irregular deportment; apology; <as>as, an <ex>excuse</ex> for neglect of duty; <ex>excuses</ex> for delay of payment.</as></def>

<blockquote>Hence with denial vain and coy <b>excuse</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which excuses; that which extenuates or justifies a fault.</def> "It hath the <i>excuse</i> of youth."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>If eyes were made for seeing.
Then beauty is its own <b>excuse</b> for being.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Apology</er>.</syn>

<h1>Excuseless</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cuse"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no excuse; not admitting of excuse or apology.</def>

<i>Whillock.</i>

<h1>Excusement</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cuse"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>excusement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Excuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Excuser</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cus"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who offers excuses or pleads in extenuation of the fault of another.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who excuses or forgives another.</def>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Excuss</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cuss"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excussus</ets>. p. p. of <ets>excutere</ets> to shake off; <ets>ex</ets> out, from + <ets>quatere</ets> to shake. Cf. <er>Quash</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shake off; to discard.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>excuss</b> the notation of a Geity out of their minds.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inspect; to investigate; to decipher.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To take some pains in excusing some old monuments.
<i>F. Junius (1654).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To seize and detain by law, as goods.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Excussion</h1>
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<hw>Ex*cus"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excussio a</ets> shaking down; LL., a threshing of corn: cf. F. <ets>excussion</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of excusing; seizure by law.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Exeat</h1>
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<hw>Ex"e*at</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., let him go forth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A license for absence from a college or a religious house.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A permission which a bishop grants to a priest to go out of his diocese.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Execrable</h1>
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<hw>Ex"e*cra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>execrabilis</ets>, <ets>exsecrabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ex\'82crable</ets>. See <er>Execrate</er>.]</ety> <def>Deserving to be execrated; accursed; damnable; detestable; abominable; <as>as, an <ex>execrable</ex> wretch</as>.</def> "<i>Execrable</i> pride."

<i>Hooker.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ex"e*cra*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Ex"e*cra*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Execrate</h1>
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<hw>Ex"e*crate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Execrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Execrating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>execratus</ets>, <ets>exsecratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>execrare</ets>, <ets>exsecrare</ets>, to execrate; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>sacer</ets> holy, sacred. See <er>Sacred</er>.]</ety> <def>To denounce evil against, or to imprecate evil upon; to curse; to protest against as unholy or detestable; hence, to detest utterly; to abhor; to abominate.</def> "They . . . <i>execrate</i> their lct."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Execration</h1>
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<hw>Ex`e*cra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>execratio</ets>, <ets>exsecratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ex\'82cration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of cursing; a curse dictated by violent feelings of hatred; imprecation; utter detestation expressed.</def>

<blockquote>Cease, gentle, queen, these <b>execrations</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is execrated; a detested thing.</def>

<blockquote>Ye shall be an <b>execration</b> and . . . a curse.
<i>Jer. xlii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Malediction</er>.</syn>

<h1>Execrative</h1>
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<hw>Ex"e*cra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cursing; imprecatory; vilifying.</def> <i>Carlyle</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ex"e*cra*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Execrative</h1>
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<hw>Ex"e*cra*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A word used for cursing; an imprecatory word or expression.</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Execratory</h1>
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<hw>Ex"e*cra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of execration; imprecatory; denunciatory. <i>C. Kingsley.</i></def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A formulary of execrations.</def></def2>

<i>L. Addison.</i>

<h1>Exect</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Exsect</er>.]</ety> <def>To cut off or out. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Exsect</er>.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Exection</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Exsection</er>.</def>

<h1>Executable</h1>
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<hw>Ex"e*cu`ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being executed; feasible; <as>as, an <ex>executable</ex> project</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Executant</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ec"u*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who executes or performs; esp., a performer on a musical instrument.</def>

<blockquote>Great <b>executants</b> on the organ.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Execute</h1>
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<hw>Ex"e*cute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Executed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Executing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ex\'82cuter</ets>, L. <ets>executus</ets>, <ets>exsecutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exequi</ets> to follow to the end, pursue; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>sequi</ets> to follow. See <er>Second</er>, <er>Sue</er> to follow up, and cf. <er>Exequy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To follow out or through to the end; to carry out into complete effect; to complete; to finish; to effect; to perform;</def>

<blockquote>Why delays
His hand to <b>execute</b> what his decree
Fixed on this day?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To complete, as a legal instrument; to perform what is required to give validity to, as by signing and perhaps sealing and delivering; <as>as, to <ex>execute</ex> a deed, lease, mortgage, will, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give effect to; to do what is provided or required by; to perform the requirements or stimulations of; <as>as, to <ex>execute</ex> a decree, judgment, writ, or process</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To infect capital punishment on; to put to death in conformity to a legal sentence; <as>as, to <ex>execute</ex> a traitor</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Too put to death illegally; to kill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To perform, as a piece of music, either on an instrument or with the voice; <as>as, to <ex>execute</ex> a difficult part brilliantly</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To accomplish; effect; fulfill; achieve; consummate; finish; complete. See <er>Accomplish</er>.</syn>

<h1>Execute</h1>
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<hw>Ex"e*cute</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To do one's work; to act one's part of purpose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hayward.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To perform musically.</def>

<h1>Executer</h1>
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<hw>Ex"e*cu`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who performs or carries into effect. See <er>Executor</er>.</def>

<h1>Execution</h1>
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<hw>Ex`e*cu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ex\'82cution</ets>, L. <ets>executio</ets>, <ets>exsecutio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of executing; a carrying into effect or to completion; performance; achievement; consummation; <as>as, the <ex>execution</ex> of a plan, a work, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>The excellence of the subject contributed much to the happiness of the <b>execution</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A putting to death as a legal penalty; death lawfully inflicted; <as>as, the <ex>execution</ex> of a murderer</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A warrant for his <b>execution</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of the mode of performing a work of art, of performing on an instrument, of engraving, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>execution</ex> of a statue, painting, or piece of music</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The first quality of <b>execution</b> is truth.
<i>Ruskin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The carrying into effect the judgment given in a court of law.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A judicial writ by which an officer is empowered to carry a judgment into effect; final process.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The act of signing, and delivering a legal instrument, or giving it the forms required to render it valid; <as>as, the <ex>execution</ex> of a deed, or a will</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which is executed or accomplished; effect; effective work; -- usually with <i>do</i>.</def>

<blockquote>To do some fatal <b>execution</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The act of sacking a town.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & FL.</i>

<h1>Executioner</h1>
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<hw>Ex`e*cu"tion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who executes; an executer.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who puts to death in conformity to legal warrant, as a hangman.</def>

<h1>Executive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ec"u*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>ex\'82cutif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Designed or fitted for execution, or carrying into effect; <as>as, <ex>executive</ex> talent; qualifying for, concerned with, or pertaining to, the execution of the laws or the conduct of affairs; <as>as, <ex>executive</ex> power or authority</as>; <ex>executive</ex> duties, officer, department, etc.</as></def>

<note>&hand; In government, <i>executive</i> is distinguished from <i>legislative</i> and <i>judicial</i>; <i>legislative</i> being applied to the organ or organs of government which make the laws; <i>judicial</i>, to that which interprets and applies the laws; <i>executive</i>, to that which carries them into effect or secures their due performance.</note>

<h1>Executive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ec"u*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An impersonal title of the chief magistrate or officer who administers the government, whether king, president, or governor; the governing person or body.</def>

<h1>Executively</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ec"u*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the way of executing or performing.</def>

<h1>Executor</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ec"u*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>executor</ets>, <ets>exsecutor</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ex\'82cuteur</ets>. Cf. <er>Executer</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who executes or performs; a doer; <as>as, an <ex>executor</ex> of baseness</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An executioner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Delivering o'er to <b>executors</b> pa . . .
The lazy, yawning drone.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person appointed by a <?/ to execute his will, or to see its provisions carried into effect, after his decease.</def>

<cs><col>Executor de son tort</col> <ety>[Of., executor of his own wrong]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a stranger who intermeddles without authority in the distribution of the estate of a deceased person.</cd></cs>

<h1>Executorial</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ec`u*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>executorialis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an executive.</def>

<h1>Executorship</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ec"u*tor*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of an executor.</def>

<h1>Executory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ec"u*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>executorius</ets>, L. <ets>exsecutorius</ets>: cf.F. <ets>ex\'82cutoire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to administration, or putting the laws in force; executive.</def>

<blockquote>The official and <b>executory</b> duties of government.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Designed to be executed or carried into effect in time to come, or to take effect on a future contingency; <as>as, an <ex>executory</ex> devise, reminder, or estate; an <ex>executory</ex> contract.</as></def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Executress</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ec"u*tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>ex\'82cutrice</ets>.]</ety> <def>An executrix.</def>

<h1>Executrix</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ec"u*trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A woman exercising the functions of an executor.</def>

<h1>Exedent</h1>
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<hw>Ex"e*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exedent</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>exedere</ets>. See <er>Exesion</er>.]</ety> <def>Eating out; consuming.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Exedra</h1>
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<hw>Ex"e*dra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Exedr\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr.Gr <?/; <?/ out + <?/ seat.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A room in a public building, furnished with seats.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The projection of any part of a building in a rounded form.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any out-of-door seat in stone, large enough for several persons; esp., one of curved form.</def>

<h1>Exegesis</h1>
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<hw>Ex`e*ge"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>;<plu>pl. <plw>Exegeses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr.Gr. <?/,fr. <?/ to explain, interpret; <?/ out + <?/ to guide, lead, akin, to <?/ to lead. See <er>Agent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exposition; explanation; especially, a critical explanation of a text or portion of Scripture.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The process of finding the roots of an equation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Exegete</h1>
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<hw>Ex"e*gete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf.F. <ets>ex\'82g\'8ate</ets>. See <er>Exegesis</er>.]</ety> <def>An exegetist.</def>

<h1>Exegetic, Exegetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex`e*get"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex`e*get"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F.<ets>ex\'82g\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to exegesis; tending to unfold or illustrate; explanatory; expository. <i>Walker.</i></def> <wordforms><wf>Ex`e*get"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Exegetics</h1>
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<hw>Ex`e*get"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of interpretation or exegesis.</def>

<h1>Exegetist</h1>
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<hw>Ex`e*ge"tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in the science of exegesis or interpretation; -- also called <altname>exegete</altname>.</def>

<h1>Exemplar</h1>
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<hw>Ex*em"plar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exemplar</ets>, <ets>exemplum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exemplaire</ets>. See <er>Example</er>, and cf. <er>Examper</er>, <er>Sampler</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A model, original, or pattern, to be copied or imitated; a specimen; sometimes; an ideal model or type, as that which an artist conceives.</def>

<blockquote>Such grand <b>exemplar</b> as make their own abilities the sole measure of what is fit or unfit.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A copy of a book or writing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Exemplar</h1>
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<hw>Ex*em"plar</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Exemplary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>exemplar</b> piety of the father of a family.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exemplarily</h1>
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<hw>Ex"em*pla*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner fitted or designed to be an example for imitation or for warning; by way of example.</def>

<blockquote>She is <b>exemplarily</b> loyal.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some he punisheth <b>exemplarily</b>.
<i>Hakewill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exemplariness</h1>
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<hw>Ex"em*pla*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being exemplary; fitness to be an example.</def>

<h1>Exemplarity</h1>
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<hw>Ex`em*plar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>exemplaritas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Exemplariness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>exemplarity</b> of Christ's life.
<i>Abp. Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exemplary</h1>
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<hw>Ex"em*pla*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exemplaris</ets>, fr. <ets>exemplar</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exemplaire</ets>. See <er>Exemplar</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Serving as a pattern; deserving to be proposed for imitation; commendable; <as>as, an <ex>exemplary</ex> person; <ex>exemplary</ex> conduct.</as></def>

<blockquote>[Bishops'] lives and doctrines ought to be <b>exemplary</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Serving as a warning; monitory; <as>as, <ex>exemplary</ex> justice, punishment, or damages</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Illustrating as the proof of a thing.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<cs><col>Exemplary damages</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Damage</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Exemplary</h1>
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<hw>Ex"em*pla*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An exemplar; also, a copy of a book or writing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Exemplifiable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*em"pli*fi`a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That can be exemplified.</def>

<h1>Exemplification</h1>
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<hw>Ex*em`pli*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of exemplifying; a showing or illustrating by example.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which exemplifies; a case in point; example.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A copy or transcript attested to be correct by the seal of an officer having custody of the original.</def>

<h1>Exemplifier</h1>
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<hw>Ex*em"pli*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who exemplifies by following a pattern.</def>

<h1>Exemplify</h1>
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<hw>Ex*em"pli*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exemplified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. &. vb. n.</tt> <er>Exemplifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exemplum</ets> example + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. LL. <ets>exemplificare</ets> to copy, serve as an example.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To show or illustrate by example.</def>

<blockquote>He did but . . . <b>exemplify</b> the principles in which he had been brought up.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To copy; to transcribe; to make an attested copy or transcript of, under seal, as of a record.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To prove or show by an attested copy.</def>

<h1>Exempt</h1>
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<hw>Ex*empt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>exempt</ets>, L. <ets>exemptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>eximere</ets> to take out, remove, free; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>emere</ets> to buy, take. Cf. <er>Exon</er>, <er>Redeem</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cut off; set apart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Corrupted, and <b>exempt</b> from ancient gentry.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Extraordinary; exceptional.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Free, or released, from some liability to which others are subject; excepted from the operation or burden of some law; released; free; clear; privileged; -- (with <i>from</i>): not subject to; not liable to; <as>as, goods <ex>exempt</ex> from execution; a person <ex>exempt</ex> from jury service.</as></def>

<blockquote>True nobility is <b>exempt</b> from fear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>T is laid on all, not any one <b>exempt</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exempt</h1>
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<hw>Ex*empt"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One exempted or freed from duty; one not subject.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of four officers of the Yeomen of the Royal Guard, having the rank of corporal; an Exon.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Exempt</h1>
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<hw>Ex*empt"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exempted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exempting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>exempter</ets>. See <er>Exempt</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To remove; to set apart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To release or deliver from some liability which others are subject to; to except or excuse from he operation of a law; to grant immunity to; to free from obligation; to release; <as>as, to <ex>exempt</ex> from military duty, or from jury service; to <ex>exempt</ex> from fear or pain.</as></def>

<blockquote>Death
So snatched will not <b>exempt</b> us from the pain
We are by doom to pay.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exemptible</h1>
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<hw>Ex*empt"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be exempted.</def>

<h1>Exemption</h1>
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<hw>Ex*emp"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exenptio</ets> a removing: cf. F. <ets>exemption</ets> exemption.]</ety> <def>The act of exempting; the state of being exempt; freedom from any charge, burden, evil, etc., to which others are subject; immunity; privilege; <as>as, <ex>exemption</ex> of certain articles from seizure; <ex>exemption</ex> from military service; <ex>exemption</ex> from anxiety, suffering, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Exemptitious</h1>
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<hw>Ex`emp*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Separable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Exemptitious</i> from matter."

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Exenterate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*en"ter*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exenteratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>exenterare</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/; <?/ out + <?/ intestine.]</ety> <def>To take out the bowels or entrails of; to disembowel; to eviscerate; <as>as, <ex>exenterated</ex> fishes</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Exenterated</b> rule-mongers and eviscerated logicians.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exenteration</h1>
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<hw>Ex*en`ter*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>exenteratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of exenterating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Exequatur</h1>
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<hw>Ex`e*qua"tur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., 3d pers. sing. pres. subj. of <ets>exequi</ets>, <ets>exsequi</ets>, to perform, execute.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A written official recognition of a consul or commercial agent, issued by the government to which he is accredited, and authorizing him to exercise his powers in the place to which he is assigned.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Official recognition or permission.</def>

<i>Prescott</i>.

<h1>Exequial</h1>
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<hw>Ex*e"qui*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exequialis</ets>, <ets>exsequialis</ets>, fr. <ets>exsequiae</ets> exequies.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to funerals; funereal.</def>

<h1>Exequious</h1>
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<hw>Ex*e"qui*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Funereal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Exequy</h1>
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<hw>Ex"e*quy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>;<plu>pl. <plw>Exequies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>exequiae</ets>, <ets>exsequiae</ets>, a funeral procession, fr. <ets>exsequi</ets> to follow out: cf. OF. <ets>exeques</ets>. See <er>Exequte</er>.]</ety> <def>A funeral rite (usually in the plural); the ceremonies of burial; obsequies; funeral procession.</def>

<blockquote>But see his <b>exequies</b> fulfilled in Rouen.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exercent</h1>
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<hw>Ex*er"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exercents</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>exercere</ets>. See <er>Exercise</er>.]</ety> <def>Practicing; professional.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Every <i>exercent</i> advocate."

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Exercisable</h1>
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<hw>Ex"er*ci`sa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be exercised, used, or exerted.</def>

<h1>Exercise</h1>
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<hw>Ex"er*cise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>exercice</ets>, L. <ets>exercitium</ets>, from <ets>exercere</ets>, <ets>exercitum</ets>, to drive on, keep, busy, prob. orig., to thrust or drive out of the inclosure; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>arcere</ets> to shut up, inclose. See <er>Ark</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of exercising; a setting in action or practicing; employment in the proper mode of activity; exertion; application; use; habitual activity; occupation, in general; practice.</def>

<blockquote>exercise of the important function confided by the constitution to the legislature.
<i>Jefferson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O we will walk this world,
Yoked in all <b>exercise</b> of noble end.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exertion for the sake of training or improvement whether physical, intellectual, or moral; practice to acquire skill, knowledge, virtue, perfectness, grace, etc.</def> "Desire of knightly <i>exercise</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>An <b>exercise</b> of the eyes and memory.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Bodily exertion for the sake of keeping the organs and functions in a healthy state; hygienic activity; <as>as, to take <ex>exercise</ex> ob horseback</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The wise for cure on <b>exercise</b> depend.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The performance of an office, a ceremony, or a religious duty.</def>

<blockquote>Lewis refused even those of the church of England . . . the public <b>exercise</b> of their religion.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To draw him from his holy <b>exercise</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which is done for the sake of exercising, practicing, training, or promoting skill, health, mental, improvement, moral discipline, etc.; that which is assigned or prescribed for such ebbs; hence, a disquisition; a lesson; a task; <as>as, military or naval <ex>exercises</ex>; musical <ex>exercises</ex>; an <ex>exercise</ex> in composition.</as></def>

<blockquote>The clumsy <b>exercises</b> of the European tourney.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He seems to have taken a degree, and preformed public <b>exercises</b> in Cambridge, in 1565.
<i>Brydges.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>That which gives practice; a trial; a test.</def>

<blockquote>Patience is more oft the <b>exercise</b>
<b>Of saints</b>, <b>the trial of their fortitude</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Exercise bone</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a deposit of bony matter in the soft tissues, produced by pressure or exertion.</cd></cs>

<h1>Exercise</h1>
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<hw>Ex"er*cise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exercised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exercising</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set in action; to cause to act, move, or make exertion; to give employment to; to put in action habitually or constantly; to school or train; to exert repeatedly; to busy.</def>

<blockquote>Herein do I <b>Exercise</b> myself, to have always a conscience void of offence.
<i>Acts xxiv. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exert for the sake of training or improvement; to practice in order to develop; hence, also, to improve by practice; to discipline, and to use or to for the purpose of training; <as>as, to <ex>exercise</ex> arms; to <ex>exercise</ex> one's self in music; to <ex>exercise</ex> troops.</as></def>

<blockquote>About him <b>exercised</b> heroic games
The unarmed youth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To occupy the attention and effort of; to task; to tax, especially in a painful or vexatious manner; harass; to vex; to worry or make anxious; to affect; to discipline; <as>as, <ex>exercised</ex> with pain</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Where pain of unextinguishable fire
Must <b>exercise</b> us without hope of end.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To put in practice; to carry out in action; to perform the duties of; to use; to employ; to practice; <as>as, to <ex>exercise</ex> authority; to <ex>exercise</ex> an office.</as></def>

<blockquote>I am the Lord which <b>exercise</b> loving-kindness, judgment, and righteousness in the earth.
<i>Jer. ix. 24.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The people of the land have used oppression and <b>exercised</b> robbery.
<i>Ezek. xxii. 29.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exercise</h1>
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<hw>Ex"er*cise</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To exercise one's self, as under military training; to drill; to take exercise; to use action or exertion; to practice gymnastics; <as>as, to <ex>exercise</ex> for health or amusement</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I wear my trusty sword,
When I do <b>exercise</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exerciser</h1>
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<hw>Ex"er*ci`ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who exercises.</def>

<h1>Exercisible</h1>
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<hw>Ex"er*ci`si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being exercised, employed, or enforced; <as>as, the authority of a magistrate is <ex>exercisible</ex> within his jurisdiction</as>.</def>

<h1>Exercitation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*er`ci*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exercitatio</ets>, fr. <ets>exercitare</ets>, intense., fr. <ets>exercere</ets> to exercise: CF. f. <ets>exercitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>exercise; practice; use.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Exergue</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ergue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.,fr.Gr. <?/ out + <?/ work; lit., out work, <ets>i</ets>.<ets>e</ets>., accessory work. See <er>Work</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Numis.)</fld> <def>The small space beneath the base line of a subject engraved on a coin or medal. It usually contains the date, place, engraver's name, etc., or other subsidiary matter.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Exert</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exerted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exerting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exertus</ets>, <ets>exsertus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>exerere</ets>, <ets>exserere</ets>, to thrust out; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>serere</ets> to join or bind together. See <er>Series</er>, and cf. <er>Exsert</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To thrust forth; to emit; to push out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So from the seas <b>exerts</b> his radiant head
The star by whom the lights of heaven are led.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put force, ability, or anything of the nature of an active faculty; to put in vigorous action; to bring into active operation; <as>as, to <ex>exert</ex> the strength of the body, limbs, faculties, or imagination; to <ex>exert</ex> the mind or the voice.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To put forth, as the result or exercise of effort; to bring to bear; to do or perform.</def>

<blockquote>When we will has <b>exerted</b> an act of command on any faculty of the soul or member of the body.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To exert one's self</col>, <cd>to use efforts or endeavors; to strive; to make an attempt.</cd></cs>

<h1>Exertion</h1>
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<hw>Ex*er"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of exerting, or putting into motion or action; the active exercise of any power or faculty; an effort, esp. a laborious or perceptible effort; <as>as, an <ex>exertion</ex> of strength or power; an <ex>exertion</ex> of the limbs or of the mind; it is an <ex>exertion</ex> for him to move, to-day</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Attempt; endeavor; effort; essay; trial. See <er>Attempt</er>.</syn>

<h1>Exertive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ert"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power or a tendency to exert; using exertion.</def>

<h1>Exertment</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ert"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Exertion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Exesion</h1>
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<hw>Ex*e"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exedere</ets>, <ets>exesum</ets>, to eat up; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>edere</ets> to eat.]</ety> <def>The act of eating out or through.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Exestuate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*es"tu*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exaestuatus</ets>,p.p. of <ets>exaestuare</ets> to boil up. See <er>Estuate</er>.]</ety> <def>To be agitated; to boil up; to effervesce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Exestuation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*es`tu*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exaestuatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A boiling up; effervescence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Exeunt</h1>
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<hw>Ex"e*unt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., 3d pers. pl. pres. of <ets>exire</ets> to go out.]</ety> <def>They go out, or retire from the scene; <as>as, <ex>exeunt</ex> all except Hamlet</as>. See 1st <er>Exit</er>.</def>

<h1>Exfetation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`fe*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ex-</ets> + <ets>fetation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Imperfect fetation in some organ exterior to the uterus; extra-uterine fetation.</def>

<i>Hoblyn.</i>

<h1>Exfoliate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exfoliated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exfoliating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exfoliare</ets> to strip of leaves; <ets>ex</ets> out, from + <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To separate and come off in scales or lamin\'91, as pieces of carious bone or of bark.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>To split into scales, especially to become converted into scales at the result of heat or decomposition.</def>

<h1>Exfoliate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To remove scales, lamin\'91, or splinters from the surface of.</def>

<h1>Exfoliation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*fo`li*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>exfoliation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The scaling off of a bone, a rock, or a mineral, etc.; the state of being exfoliated.</def>

<h1>Exfoliative</h1>
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<hw>Ex*fo"li*a"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>exfoliatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the power of causing exfoliation.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An exfoliative agent.</def></def2>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Exhalable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hal"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being exhaled or evaporated.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Exhalant</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hal"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>exhalant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of exhaling or evaporating.</def>

<h1>Exhalation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`ha*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exhalatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exhalaison</ets>, <ets>exhalation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of exhaling, or sending forth in the form of steam or vapor; evaporation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is exhaled, or which rises in the form of vapor, fume, or steam; effluvium; emanation; <as>as, <ex>exhalations</ex> from the earth or flowers, decaying matter, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Ye mists and <b>exhalations</b>, that now rise
From hill or steaming lake.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A bright phenomenon; a meteor.</def>

<blockquote>I shall fall
Like a bright <b>exhalation</b> in the evening.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exhale</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hale"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exaled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt>. <er>Exaling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exhalare</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>halare</ets> to breathe; cf.F. <ets>exhaler</ets>. Cf. <er>Inhale</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To breathe out. Hence: To emit, as vapor; to send out, as an odor; to evaporate; <as>as, the earth <ex>exhales</ex> vapor; marshes <ex>exhale</ex> noxious effluvia.</as></def>

<blockquote>Less fragrant scents the unfolding rose <b>exhales</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw out; to cause to be emitted in vapor; <as>as, the sum <ex>exhales</ex> the moisture of the earth</as>.</def>

<h1>Exhale</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hale"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To rise or be given off, as vapor; to pass off, or vanish.</def>

<blockquote>Their inspiration <b>exhaled</b> in elegies.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exhalement</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hale"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Exhalation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Exhalence</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hal"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Exhalation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Exhaust</h1>
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<hw>Ex*haust"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exhausted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exhausting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exhaustus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>exhaurire</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>haurire</ets>, <ets>haustum</ets>, to draw, esp. water; perhaps akin to Icel. <ets>asua</ets> to sprinkle, pump.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw or let out wholly; to drain off completely; <as>as, to <ex>exhaust</ex> the water of a well; the moisture of the earth is <ex>exhausted</ex> by evaporation.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To empty by drawing or letting out the contents; <as>as, to <ex>exhaust</ex> a well, or a treasury</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To drain, metaphorically; to use or expend wholly, or till the supply comes to an end; to deprive wholly of strength; to use up; to weary or tire out; to wear out; <as>as, to <ex>exhaust</ex> one's strength, patience, or resources</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A decrepit, <b>exhausted</b> old man at fifty-five.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To bring out or develop completely; to discuss thoroughly; <as>as, to <ex>exhaust</ex> a subject</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To subject to the action of various solvents in order to remove all soluble substances or extractives; <as>as, to <ex>exhaust</ex> a drug successively with water, alcohol, and ether</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Exhausted receiver</col>. <fld>(Physics)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Receiver</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To spend; consume; tire out; weary.</syn>

<h1>Exhaust</h1>
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<hw>Ex*haust"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exhaustus</ets>, p.p.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Drained; exhausted; having expended or lost its energy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to steam, air, gas, etc., that is released from the cylinder of an engine after having preformed its work.</def>

<cs><col>Exhaust draught</col>, <cd>a forced draught produced by drawing air through a place, as through a furnace, instead of blowing it through.</cd> -- <col>Exhaust fan</col>, <cd>a fan blower so arranged as to produce an exhaust draught, or to draw air or gas out of a place, as out of a room in ventilating it.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Exhaust nozzle</col>, <col>Exhaust orifice</col></mcol> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>the blast orifice or nozzle.</cd> -- <col>Exhaust pipe</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>the pipe that conveys exhaust steam from the cylinder to the atmosphere or to the condenser.</cd> <col>Exhaust port</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>the opening, in the cylinder or valve, by which the exhaust steam escapes.</cd> -- <col>Exhaust purifier</col> <fld>(Milling)</fld>, <cd>a machine for sorting grains, or purifying middlings by an exhaust draught. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Exhaust steam</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>steam which is allowed to escape from the cylinder after having been employed to produce motion of the piston.</cd> -- <col>Exhaust valve</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>a valve that lets exhaust steam escape out of a cylinder.</cd></cs>

<h1>Exhaust</h1>
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<hw>Ex*haust"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The steam let out of a cylinder after it has done its work there.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The foul air let out of a room through a register or pipe provided for the purpose.</def>

<h1>Exhauster</h1>
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<hw>Ex*haust"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, exhausts or draws out.</def>

<h1>Exhaustibility</h1>
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<hw>Ex*haust`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capability of being exhausted.</def>

<blockquote>I was seriously tormented by the thought of the <b>exhaustibility</b> of musical combinations.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exhaustible</h1>
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<hw>Ex*haust"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being exhausted, drained off, or expended.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Exhausting</h1>
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<hw>Ex*haust"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Producing exhaustion; <as>as, <ex>exhausting</ex> labors</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*haust"ing</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Exhaustion</h1>
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<hw>Ex*haus"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>exhaustion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of draining out or draining off; the act of emptying completely of the contents.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being exhausted or emptied; the state of being deprived of strength or spirits.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An ancient geometrical method in which an exhaustive process was employed. It was nearly equivalent to the modern method of limits.</def>

<note>&hand; The method of exhaustions was applied to great variety of propositions, pertaining to rectifications and quadratures, now investigated by the calculus.</note>

<h1>Exhaustive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*haust"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving or tending to exhaust; exhibiting all the facts or arguments; <as>as, an <ex>exhaustive method</ex></as>.</def> <wordforms><wf>Ex*haust"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Exhaustless</h1>
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<hw>Ex*haust"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not be exhausted; inexhaustible; <as>as, an <ex>exhaustless</ex> fund or store</as>.</def>

<h1>Exhaustment</h1>
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<hw>Ex*haust"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Exhaustion; drain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Exhausture</h1>
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<hw>Ex*haus"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Exhaustion.</def>

<i>Wraxall.</i>

<h1>Exhedra</h1>
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<hw>Ex"he*dra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Exedra</er>.</def>

<h1>Exheredate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*her"e*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L., <ets>exheredatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>exheredare</ets> to disinherit; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>heres</ets>, <ets>heredis</ets>, heir.]</ety> <def>To disinherit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Huloet.</i>

<h1>Exheredation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*her`e*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., <ets>exheredatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exh\'82r\'82dation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A disinheriting; disherisor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Exhereditation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`he*red`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>exhereditare</ets>, <ets>exhereditatum</ets>, disinherit.]</ety> <def>A disinheriting; disherison.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>E. Waterhouse.</i>

<h1>Exhibit</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hib"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exhibited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exhibiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exhibitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exhibere</ets> to hold forth, to tender, exhibit; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>habere</ets> to have or hold. See <er>Habit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hold forth or present to view; to produce publicly, for inspection; to show, especially in order to attract notice to what is interesting; to display; <as>as, to <ex>exhibit</ex> commodities in a warehouse, a picture in a gallery</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Exhibiting</b> a miserable example of the weakness of mind and body.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To submit, as a document, to a court or officer, in course of proceedings; also, to present or offer officially or in legal form; to bring, as a charge.</def>

<blockquote>He suffered his attorney-general to <b>exhibit</b> a charge of high treason against the earl.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To administer as a remedy; <as>as, to <ex>exhibit</ex> calomel</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To exhibit a foundation or prize</col>, <cd>to hold it forth or to tender it as a bounty to candidates.</cd> -- <col>To exibit an essay</col>, <cd>to declaim or otherwise present it in public.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Exhibit</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hib"it</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any article, or collection of articles, displayed to view, as in an industrial exhibition; a display; <as>as, this <ex>exhibit</ex> was marked A; the English <ex>exhibit</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A document produced and identified in court for future use as evidence.</def>

<h1>Exhibiter</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hib"it*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Exhibitor</er>.]</ety> <def>One who exhibits; one who presents a petition, charge or bill.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Exhibition</h1>
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<hw>Ex`hi*bi"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exhibitio</ets> a delivering: cf. F. <ets>exhibition</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of exhibiting for inspection, or of holding forth to view; manifestation; display.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is exhibited, held forth, or displayed; also, any public show; a display of works of art, or of feats of skill, or of oratorical or dramatic ability; <as>as, an <ex>exhibition</ex> of animals; an <ex>exhibition</ex> of pictures, statues, etc.; an industrial <ex>exhibition</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sustenance; maintenance; allowance, esp. for meat and drink; pension. Specifically: <fld>(Eng. Univ.)</fld> Private benefaction for the maintenance of scholars.</def>

<blockquote>What maintenance he from his friends receives,
Like <b>exhibition</b> thou shalt have from me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have given more <b>exhibitions</b> to scholars, in my days, than to the priests.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act of administering a remedy.</def>

<h1>Exhibitioner</h1>
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<hw>Ex`hi*bi"tion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Univ.)</fld> <def>One who has a pension or allowance granted for support.</def>

<blockquote>A youth who had as an <b>exhibitioner</b> from Christ's Hospital.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exhibitive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hib"it*ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving for exhibition; representative; exhibitory.</def>

<i>Norris.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ex*hib"it*ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Exhibitor</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hib"it*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>exhibitor</ets> a giver.]</ety> <def>One who exhibits.</def>

<h1>Exhibitory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hib"it*o*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exhibitorius</ets> relating to giving up: cf. F. <ets>exhibitoire</ets> exhibiting.]</ety> <def>Exhibiting; publicly showing.</def>

<i>J. Warton.</i>

<h1>Exhilarant</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hil"a*rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exhilarans</ets>. <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Exhilarate</er>.]</ety> <def>Exciting joy, mirth, or pleasure.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>That which exhilarates.</def></def2>

<h1>Exhilarate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hil"a*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exhilarated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exilarating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exhilaratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>exhilarare</ets> to gladden; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>hilarare</ets> to make merry, <ets>hilaris</ets> merry, cheerful. See <er>Hilarious</er>.]</ety> <def>To make merry or jolly; to enliven; to animate; to gladden greatly; to cheer; <as>as, good news <ex>exhilarates</ex> the mind; wine <ex>exhilarates</ex> a man.</as></def>

<h1>Exhilarate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hil"a*rate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become joyous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Exhilarating</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hil"a*ra`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That exhilarates; cheering; gladdening.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*hil"a*ra`ting*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Exhilaration</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hil`a*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., <ets>exhilaratio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of enlivening the spirits; the act of making glad or cheerful; a gladdening.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being enlivened or cheerful.</def>

<blockquote><b>Exhilaration</b> hath some affinity with joy, though it be a much lighter motion.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Animation; joyousness; gladness; cheerfulness; gayety; hilarity; merriment; jollity.</syn>

<h1>Exhort</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hort"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exhorted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exhorting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exhortari</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>hortari</ets> to incite, encourage; cf. F. <ets>exhorter</ets>. See <er>Hortative</er>.]</ety> <def>To incite by words or advice; to animate or urge by arguments, as to a good deed or laudable conduct; to address exhortation to; to urge strongly; hence, to advise, warn, or caution.</def>

<blockquote>Examples gross as earth <b>exhort</b> me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let me <b>exhort</b> you to take care of yourself.
<i>J. D. Forbes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exhort</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hort"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To deliver exhortation; to use words or arguments to incite to good deeds.</def>

<blockquote>With many other words did he testify and <b>exhort</b>.
<i>Acts ii. 40.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exhort</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hort"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Exhortation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Exhortation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`hor*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exhortatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exhortation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of practice of exhorting; the act of inciting to laudable deeds; incitement to that which is good or commendable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Language intended to incite and encourage; advice; counsel; admonition.</def>

<blockquote>I'll end my <b>exhortation</b> after dinner.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exhortative</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hor"ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exhortativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exhortatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to exhort; exhortatory; hortative.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Exhortatory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hor"ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exhortatorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exhortatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to exhortation; hortatory.</def>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Exhorter</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hort"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who exhorts or incites.</def>

<h1>Exhumated</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hu"ma*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disinterred.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Exhumation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`hu*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>exhumatio</ets>, F. <ets>exhumation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of exhuming that which has been buried; <as>as, the <ex>exhumation</ex> of a body</as>.</def>

<h1>Exhume</h1>
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<hw>Ex*hume"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exhumed</er> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt>. <er>Exhuming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>exhumare</ets>; L. <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>humus</ets> ground, soil: cf. F. <ets>exhumer</ets>. See <er>Humble</er>.]</ety> <def>To dig out of the ground; to take out of a place of burial; to disinter.</def>

<i>Mantell.</i>

<h1>Exiccate</h1>
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<hw>Ex"ic*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Exsiccate</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Exiccation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`ic*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Exsiccation</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Exigence</h1>
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<hw>Ex"i*gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Exigency.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Exigency</h1>
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<hw>Ex"i*gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>;<plu>pl. <plw>Exigencies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>exigentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exigence</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being exigent; urgent or exacting want; pressing necessity or distress; need; a case demanding immediate action, supply, or remedy; <as>as, an unforeseen <ex>exigency</ex></as>.</def> "The present <i>exigency</i> of his affairs."

<i>Ludlow.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Demand; urgency; distress; pressure; emergency; necessity; crisis.</syn>

<h1>Exigendary</h1>
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<hw>Ex`i*gen"da*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Exigenter</er>.</def>

<h1>Exigent</h1>
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<hw>Ex`i*gent</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exigens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>exigere</ets> to drive out or forth, require, exact. See <er>Exact</er>.]</ety> <def>Exacting or requiring immediate aid or action; pressing; critical.</def> "At this <i>exigent</i> moment."

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Exigent</h1>
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<hw>Ex"i*gent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exigency; pressing necessity; decisive moment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Why do you cross me in this <b>exigent</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(o. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The name of a writ in proceedings before outlawry.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Exigenter</h1>
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<hw>Ex"i*gent*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>An officer in the Court of King's Bench and Common Pleas whose duty it was make out exigents. The office in now abolished.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Exigible</h1>
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<hw>Ex"i*gi*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>exigible</ets>. See <er>Exigent</er>.]</ety> <def>That may be exacted; repairable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>A. Smith.</i>

<h1>Exiguity</h1>
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<hw>Ex`i*gu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exiguitas</ets>, fr. <ets>exiguus</ets> small: cf. F. <ets>exiguit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Scantiness; smallness; thinness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Exiguous</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ig"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exiguus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Scanty; small; slender; diminutive. <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Exiguous</i> resources." <i>Carlyle.</i></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*ig"uous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Exile</h1>
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<hw>Ex"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>exil</ets>, fr. L. <ets>exilium</ets>, <ets>exsilium</ets>, fr. <ets>exsuil</ets> one who quits, or is banished from, his native soil; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>solum</ets> ground, land, soil, or perh. fr.the root of <ets>salire</ets> to leap, spring; cf. F. <ets>exil</ets>. Cf. <er>Sole</er> of the foot, <er>Saltation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Forced separation from one's native country; expulsion from one's home by the civil authority; banishment; sometimes, voluntary separation from one's native country.</def>

<blockquote>Let them be recalled from their <b>exile</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The person expelled from his country by authority; also, one who separates himself from his home.</def>

<blockquote>Thou art in <b>exile</b>, and thou must not stay.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Banishment; proscription; expulsion.</syn>

<h1>Exile</h1>
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<hw>Ex"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exiled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exiling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To banish or expel from one's own country or home; to drive away.</def> "<i>Exiled</i> from eternal God."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>Calling home our <b>exiled</b> friends abroad.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Banish</er>.</syn>

<h1>Exile</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ile"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Small; slender; thin; fine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "An <i>exile</i> sound."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Exilement</h1>
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<hw>Ex"ile*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>exilement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Banishment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir. H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Exilic</h1>
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<hw>Ex*il"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to exile or banishment, esp. to that of the Jews in Babylon.</def>

<i>Encyc. Dict.</i>

<h1>Exilition</h1>
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<hw>Ex`i*li"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exsilire</ets> to spring from; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>salire</ets> to spring, leap.]</ety> <def>A sudden springing or leaping out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Exility</h1>
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<hw>Ex*il"ity</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exilit\'82</ets>. See <er>Exile</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Smallness; meagerness; slenderness; fineness, thinness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Paley.</i>

<h1>Eximious</h1>
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<hw>Ex*im"ious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>eximius</ets> taken out, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>. select, fr. <ets>eximere</ets> to take out. See <er>Exempt</er>.]</ety> <def>Select; choice; hence, extraordinary, excellent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>eximious</b> and arcane science of physic.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exinanite</h1>
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<hw>Ex*in"a*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exinanitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exinanire</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out (intens.) + <ets>inanire</ets> to make empty, <ets>inanis</ets>, empty.]</ety> <def>To make empty; to render of no effect; to humble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Exinanition</h1>
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<hw>Ex*in`a*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def> <tt>n.</tt> [L. <i>exinanitio</i>.] An emptying; an enfeebling; exhaustion; humiliation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Fastings to the <b>exinanition</b> of spirits.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exist</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ist"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Existed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Existing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>existere</ets>, <ets>exsistere</ets>, to step out or forth, emerge, appear, exist; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>sistere</ets> to cause to stand, to set, put, place, stand still, fr. <ets>stare</ets> to stand: cf. F. <ets>exister</ets>. See <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be as a fact and not as a mode; to have an actual or real being, whether material or spiritual.</def>

<blockquote>Who now, alas! no more is missed
Than if he never did <b>exist</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To conceive the world . . . to have <b>existed</b> from eternity.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be manifest in any manner; to continue to be; <as>as, great evils <ex>existed</ex> in his reign</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To live; to have life or the functions of vitality; <as>as, men can not <ex>exist</ex> water, nor fishes on land</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Be</er>.</syn>

<h1>Existence</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ist"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>existence</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of existing or being; actual possession of being; continuance in being; <as>as, the <ex>existence</ex> of body and of soul in union; the separate <ex>existence</ex> of the soul; immortal <ex>existence</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The main object of our <b>existence</b>.
<i>Lubbock.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Continued or repeated manifestation; occurrence, as of events of any kind; <as>as, the <ex>existence</ex> of a calamity or of a state of war</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>existence</b> therefore, of a phenomenon, is but another word for its being perceived, or for the inferred possibility of perceiving it.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which exists; a being; a creature; an entity; <as>as, living <ex>existences</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Existency</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ist"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Existence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Existent</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ist"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>existens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>existere</ets>. See <er>Exist</er>.]</ety> <def>Having being or existence; existing; being; occurring now; taking place.</def>

<blockquote>The eyes and mind are fastened on objects which have no real being, as if they were truly <b>existent</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Existential</h1>
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<hw>Ex`is*ten"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having existence. <mark>[Archaic]</mark> <i>Bp. Barlow.</i></def> --<wordforms><wf>Ex`is*ten"tial*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Archaic]</mark></wordforms>

<blockquote><b>Existentially</b> as well as essentially intelligent.
<i>Colerige.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exister</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ist"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who exists.</def>

<h1>Existible</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ist"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of existence.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Existimation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*is`ti*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>existimatio</ets> judgment, opinion, fr. <ets>existimare</ets> to estimate. See <er>Estimate</er>.]</ety> <def>Esteem; opinion; reputation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Steele.</i>

<h1>Exit</h1>
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<hw>Ex"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., 3d pers. sing. pres. of <ets>exire</ets> to go out. See <er>Exeunt</er>, <er>Issue</er>.]</ety> <def>He (or she ) goes out, or retires from view; <as>as, <ex>exit</ex> Macbeth</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The Latin words <i>exit</i> (he or she goes out), and <i>exeunt</i> ( they go out), are used in dramatic writings to indicate the time of withdrawal from the stage of one or more of the actors.</note>

<h1>Exit</h1>
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<hw>Ex"it</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Exit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The departure of a player from the stage, when he has performed his part.</def>

<blockquote>They have their <b>exits</b> and their entrances.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any departure; the act of quitting the stage of action or of life; death; <as>as, to make one's <ex>exit</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sighs for his <b>exit</b>, vulgarly called death.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A way of departure; passage out of a place; egress; way out.</def>

<blockquote>Forcing he water forth thought its ordinary <b>exists</b>.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exitial, Exitious</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex*i"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex*i"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exitialis</ets>, <ets>exitious</ets>, fr. <ets>exitium</ets> a going out, a going to naught, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., ruin, fr.<ets>exire</ets> to go out: cf. F. <ets>exitial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Destructive; fatal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Exitial</i> fevers."

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Exo</h1>
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<hw>Ex"o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ out of, outside, fr. <?/ out. See <er>Ex</er>-.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying <i>out of</i>, <i>outside</i>; as in <i>exo</i>carp, <i>exo</i>gen, <i>exo</i>skeleton.</def>

<h1>Exocardiac, Exocardial</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex`o*car"di*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex`o*car"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Exo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ heat.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated or arising outside of the heat; <as>as, <ex>exocardial</ex> murmurs</as>; -- opposed to <i>endocardiac</i>.</def>

<h1>Exocarp</h1>
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<hw>Ex"o*carp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Exo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The outer portion of a fruit, as the flesh of a peach or the rind of an orange. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Drupe</er>.</def>

<h1>Exoccipital</h1>
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<hw>Ex`oc*cip"i*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ex-</ets> + <ets>occipital</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a bone or region on each side of the great foremen of the skull.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The exoccipital bone, which often forms a part of the occipital in the adult, but is usually distinct in the young.</def></def2>

<mhw><h1>Exocetus or, Exoc\'d2tus</h1>
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<hw>Ex`o*ce"tus</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>, <hw>Ex`oc\'d2"tus</hw></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>exocetus</ets>, L. <ets>exocoetus</ets> a fish that sleeps on the shore, Gr. <?/ ,lit., sleeping out; <?/ outside of + <?/ bed.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A genus of fishes, including the common flying fishes. See <er>Flying fish</er>.</def>

<h1>Exoculate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*oc"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exoculatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exoculare</ets> to exoculate; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>oculus</ets> an eye.]</ety> <def>To deprive of eyes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>W. C. Hazlitt.</i>

<h1>Exode</h1>
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<hw>Ex"ode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exodium</ets>, Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/ song) fr. <?/ belonging to an exit, or to the finale of a tragedy, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>exode</ets>. See <er>Exodus</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Departure; exodus; esp., the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>L. Coleman. Bolingbroke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gr. Drama)</fld> <def>The final chorus; the catastrophe.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antig.)</fld> <def>An afterpiece of a comic description, either a farce or a travesty.</def>

<h1>Exodic</h1>
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<hw>Ex*od"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ belonging to departure. See <er>Exodus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Conducting influences from the spinal cord outward; -- said of the motor or efferent nerves. Opposed to <i>esodic</i>.</def>

<h1>Exogium</h1>
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<hw>Ex*o"gi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See <er>Exode</er>.</def>

<h1>Exodus</h1>
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<hw>Ex"o*dus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the book of Exodus, Gr. <?/ a going or marching out; <?/ out + <?/ way, cf. <er>Skr</er>. <ets>\'be-sad</ets> to approach.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A going out; particularly (the Exodus), the going out or journey of the Israelites from Egypt under the conduct of Moses; and hence, any large migration from a place.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The second of the Old Testament, which contains the narrative of the departure of the Israelites from Egypt.</def>

<h1>Exody</h1>
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<hw>Ex"o*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Exodus; withdrawal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The time of the Jewish <b>exody</b>.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ex-official</h1>
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<hw>Ex`-of*fi"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Proceeding from office or authority.</def>

<h1>Ex officio</h1>
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<hw>Ex` of*fi"ci*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ex officiis</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>From office; by virtue, or as a consequence, of an office; officially.</def>

<h1>Exogamous</h1>
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<hw>Ex*og"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Exo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ marriage.]</ety> <def>Relating to exogamy; marrying outside of the limits of one's own tribe; -- opposed to <i>endogenous</i>.</def>

<h1>Exogamy</h1>
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<hw>Ex*og"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The custom, or tribal law, which prohibits marriage between members of the same tribe; marriage outside of the tribe; -- opposed to <i>endogamy</i>.</def>

<i>Lubbock.</i>

<h1>Exogen</h1>
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<hw>Ex"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Exo-</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exog\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant belonging to one of the greater part of the vegetable kingdom, and which the plants are characterized by having c wood bark, and pith, the wood forming a layer between the other two, and increasing, if at all, by the animal addition of a new layer to the outside next to the bark. The leaves are commonly netted-veined, and the number of cotyledons is two, or, very rarely, several in a whorl. Cf. <er>Endogen</er>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Exogenetic</h1>
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<hw>Ex`o*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Arising or growing from without; exogenous.</def>

<h1>Exogenous</h1>
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<hw>Ex*og"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or having the character of, an exogen; -- the opposite of <i>endogenous</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Growing by addition to the exterior.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Growing from previously ossified parts; -- opposed to <i>autogenous</i>.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<cs><col>Exogenous aneurism</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an aneurism which is produced by causes acting from without, as from injury.</cd></cs>

<h1>Exogyra</h1>
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<hw>Ex`o*gy"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ out, outside + <?/ circle.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of Cretaceous fossil shells allied to oysters.</def>

<h1>Exolete</h1>
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<hw>Ex"o*lete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exoletus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exolescere</ets> to grow out, grow out of use; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>olescere</ets> to grow.]</ety> <def>Obsolete; out of use; state; insipid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Exolution</h1>
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<hw>Ex`o*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exolutio</ets> a release. See <er>Exolve</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Exsolution</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Exolve</h1>
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<hw>Ex*olve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exolvere</ets>, <ets>exsolutum</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>solvere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To loose; to pay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Exon</h1>
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<hw>Ex"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from E. <ets>Exe</ets> (Celt. <ets>uisge</ets> water) the name of a river.]</ety> <def>A native or inhabitant of Exeter, in England.</def>

<h1>Exon</h1>
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<hw>Ex"on</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>expect</ets> an under officer.]</ety> <def>An officer of the Yeomen of the Guard; an Exempt.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Exonerate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*on"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exonerated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exonerating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exoneratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exonerare</ets> to free from a burden; <ets>ex</ets> out, from <ets>onerare</ets> to load, <ets>onus</ets> load. See <er>Onerous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To unload; to disburden; to discharge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All <b>exonerate</b> themselves into one common duct.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To relieve, in a moral sense, as of a charge, obligation, or load of blame resting on one; to clear of something that lies upon oppresses one, as an accusation or imputation; <as>as, to <ex>exonerate</ex> one's self from blame, or from the charge of avarice</as>.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To discharge from duty or obligation, as a ball.</def>

<syn>Syn>- To absolve; acquit; exculpate. See <er>Absolve</er>.</syn>

<h1>Exoneration</h1>
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<hw>Ex*on`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exoneratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>Exon\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of disburdening, discharging, or freeing morally from a charge or imputation; also, the state of being disburdened or freed from a charge.</def>

<h1>Exonerative</h1>
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<hw>Ex*on"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Freeing from a burden or obligation; tending to exonerate.</def>

<h1>Exonerator</h1>
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<hw>Ex*on"er*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., an unloader.]</ety> <def>One who exonerates or frees from obligation.</def>

<h1>Exophthalmia</h1>
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<hw>Ex`oph*thal"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Nl.,fr. Gr. <?/ with prominent eyes; <?/ out + <?/ the eye.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The protrusion of the eyeball so that the eyelids will not cover it, in consequence of disease.</def>

<h1>Exophthalmic</h1>
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<hw>Ex`oph*thal"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to, or characterized by, exophthalmia.</def>

<cs><col>Exophthalmic golter</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Rasedow's disease</er>.</cd></cs>

<mhw><h1>Exophthalmos, Exophthalmus</h1>
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<hw>Ex`oph*thal"mos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex`oph*thal"mus</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Exophthalmia</er>.</def>

<h1>Exophthalmy</h1>
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<hw>Ex`oph*thal"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Exophthalmia.</def>

<h1>Exophyllous</h1>
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<hw>Ex*oph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Exo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ .]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Not sheathed in another leaf.</def>

<h1>Exoplasm</h1>
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<hw>Ex"o*plasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Exo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ from, fr. <?/ to mold.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ectosarc</er>, and <er>Ectoplasm</er>.</def>

<h1>Exopodite</h1>
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<hw>Ex*op"o*dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Exo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ , foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>The external branch of the appendages of Crustacea.</def>

<h1>Exoptable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*op"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exoptabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Very desirable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Exoptile</h1>
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<hw>Ex*op"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr.Gr. <?/ without + <?/ feather, plumage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given by Lestiboudois to dicotyledons; -- so called because the plumule is naked.</def>

<h1>Exrable</h1>
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<hw>Ex"ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exorabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exorable</ets>. See <er>Exorate</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being moved by entreaty; pitiful; tender.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Exorate</h1>
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<hw>Ex"o*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exoratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exorare</ets> to gain by entreaty; <ets>ex</ets> out, from + <ets>orare</ets> to pay.]</ety> <def>To persuade, or to gain, by entreaty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Exoration</h1>
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<hw>Ex`o*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exoratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Entreaty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Exorbitance, Exorbitancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex*or"bi*tance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex*or"bi*tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A going out of or beyond the usual or due limit; hence, enormity; extravagance; gross deviation from rule, right, or propriety; <as>as, the <ex>exorbitances</ex> of the tongue or of deportment; <ex>exorbitance</ex> of demands.</as></def> "a curb to your <i>exorbitancies</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>The lamentable <b>exorbitances</b> of their superstitions.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exorbitant</h1>
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<hw>Ex*or"bi*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exorbitans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>exorbitare</ets> to go out of the track; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>orbita</ets> track: cf. F. <ets>exorbitant</ets>. See <er>Orbit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Departing from an orbit or usual track; hence, deviating from the usual or due course; going beyond the appointed rules or established limits of right or propriety; excessive; extravagant; enormous; inordinate; <as>as, <ex>exorbitant</ex> appetites and passions; <ex>exorbitant</ex> charges, demands, or claims.</as></def>

<blockquote>Foul <b>exorbitant</b> desires.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not comprehended in a settled rule or method; anomalous.</def>

<blockquote>The Jews . . . [were] inured with causes <b>exorbitant</b>, and such as their laws had not provided for.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exorbitantly</h1>
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<hw>Ex*or"bi*tant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an exorbitant, excessive, or irregular manner; enormously.</def>

<h1>Exorbitate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*or"bi*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>exorbitatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>exorbitare</ets>. See <er>Exorbitant</er>.]</ety> <def>To go out of the track; to deviate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Exorcise</h1>
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<hw>Ex"or*cise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exorcised <?/</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exorcising <?/</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exorcizare</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ out+<?/ to make one swear, bind by an oath:: cf. F. <ets>exorciser</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cast out, as a devil, evil spirits, etc., by conjuration or summoning by a holy name, or by certain ceremonies; to expel (a demon) or to conjure (a demon) to depart out of a person possessed by one.</def>

<blockquote>He impudently <b>excorciseth</b> devils in the church.
<i>Prynne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deliver or purify from the influence of an evil spirit or demon.</def>

<blockquote><b>Exorcise</b> the beds and cross the walls.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Mr. Spectator . . . do all you can to <b>exorcise</b> crowds who are . . . processed as I am.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exor-ciser</h1>
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<hw>Ex"or-ci`ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An exorcist.</def>

<h1>Exorcism</h1>
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<hw>Ex"or*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exorcismus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; cf. F. <ets>exorcisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of exorcising; the driving out of evil spirits from persons or places by conjuration; also, the form of conjuration used.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conjuration for raising spirits.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Exor-cist</h1>
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<hw>Ex"or-cist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exorcista</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>exorciste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who expels evil spirits by conjuration or exorcism.</def>

<blockquote>Certain of the vagabond Jews, <b>exorcists</b>.
<i>Acts xix. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A conjurer who can raise spirits.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou, like an <b>exorcist</b>, hast conjured up
My mortified spirit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exordial</h1>
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<hw>Ex*or"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the exordium of a discourse: introductory.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>exordial</b> paragraph of the second epistle.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exordium</h1>
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<hw>Ex*or"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Exordiums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Exordia <?/</plw></plu>. <ety>[L. fr. <ets>exordiri</ets> to begin a web, lay a warp, begin; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>ordiri</ets> to begin a web, begin; akin to E. <ets>order</ets>. See <er>Order</er>.]</ety> <def>A beginning; an introduction; especially, the introductory part of a discourse or written composition, which prepares the audience for the main subject; the opening part of an oration.</def> "The <i>exordium</i> of repentance." <i>Jer. Taylor.</i> "Long prefaces and <i>exordiums</i>. " <i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Exorhiza</h1>
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<hw>Ex`o*rhi"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Exorhize</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. fr. Gr. <?/ outside + <?/ root.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant Whose radicle is not inclosed or sheathed by the cotyledons or plumule.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Exorhizal, Exorhizous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex`o*rhi"zal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex`o*rhi`zous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a radicle which is not inclosed by the cotyledons or plumule; of or relating to an exorhiza.</def>

<h1>Exornation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`or*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exornatio</ets>, fr. <ets>exornare</ets>. See <er>Ornate</er>.]</ety> <def>Ornament; decoration; embellishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Hyperbolical <b>exornations</b> . . . many much affect.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exortive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*or`tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exortivus</ets>, fr. <ets>exortus</ets> a coming forth, rising; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>orivi</ets> to rise, come forth.]</ety> <def>Rising; relating to the east.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Exosculate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*os"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exosculatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exosculari</ets> to kiss. See <er>Osculate</er>.]</ety> <def>To kiss; especially, to kiss repeatedly or fondly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Exoskeletal</h1>
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<hw>Ex`o*skel"e*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the exoskeleton; as <i>exoskeletal</i> muscles.</def>

<h1>Exoskeleton</h1>
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<hw>Ex`o*skel"e*ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Exo-</ets> + <ets>skeleton</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The hardened parts of the external integument of an animal, including hair, feathers, nails, horns, scales, etc.,as well as the armor of armadillos and many reptiles, and the shells or hardened integument of numerous invertebrates; external skeleton; dermoskeleton.</def>

<h1>Exosmose</h1>
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<hw>Ex"os*mose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Exo</ets>+<ets>osmose</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ezosmose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The passage of gases, vapors, or liquids thought membranes or porous media from within outward, in the phenomena of osmose; -- opposed to <i>endosmose</i>. See <er>Osmose</er>.</def>

<h1>Exosmosis</h1>
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<hw>Ex`os*mo"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Exo-</er>, and <er>Osmose</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>See <er>Exosmose</er>.</def>

<h1>Exosmotic</h1>
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<hw>Ex`os*mot`ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to exosmose.</def>

<h1>Exospore</h1>
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<hw>Ex`o*spore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Exo</ets>+<ets>spote</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The extreme outer wall of a spore; the epispore.</def>

<h1>Exosstate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*os"state</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exossatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exossare</ets> to bone , fr. <ets>exos</ets> without bones; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>os</ets>, <ets>ossis</ets>, bone.]</ety> <def>To deprive of bones; to take out the bones of; to bone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Exossation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`os*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A depriving of bone or of fruit stones.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Exosse-ous</h1>
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<hw>Ex*os"se-ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ex</ets> + <ets>osseous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Boneless.</def> "<i>Exosseous</i> animals. "

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Exostome</h1>
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<hw>Ex"o*stome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Exo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ mouth :cf. F. <ets>exostome</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The small aperture or foremen in the outer coat of the ovule of a plant.</def>

<h1>Exostosis</h1>
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<hw>Ex`os*to"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ out + <?/ bone: cf. F <?/ <ets>exostose</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any protuberance of a bone which is not natural; an excrescence or morbid enlargement of a bone.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A knot formed upon or in the wood of trees by disease.</def>

<h1>Exoteric, Exoterical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex`o*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex`o*ter"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exotericus</ets>, Gr. <?/ fr. <?/ out: cf. F. <ets>exot\'82rique</ets>. See <er>Ex</er>-]</ety> <def>External; public; suitable to be imparted to the public; hence, capable of being readily or fully comprehended; -- opposed to <i>esoteric</i>, or secret.</def>

<blockquote>The foppery of an <b>exoteric</b> and esoteric doctrine.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exoterics</h1>
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<hw>Ex`o*ter`ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The public lectures or published writings of Aristotle. See <er>Esoterics</er>.</def>

<h1>Exotery</h1>
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<hw>Ex"o*ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Exoteries</plw> <tt>(-<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>That which is obvious, public, or common.</def>

<blockquote>Dealing out <b>exoteries</b> only to the vulgar.
<i>A. Tucker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exotheca</h1>
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<hw>Ex`o*the"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Nl., fr. Gr. <?/ outside + <?/ a case, box.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The tissue which fills the interspaces between the cost\'91 of many madreporarian corals, usually consisting of small transverse or oblique septa.</def>

<h1>Exotheci-um</h1>
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<hw>Ex`o*the"ci-um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Exotheca</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The outer coat of the anther.</def>

<h1>Exotic</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exoticus</ets>, Gr. <?/ fr. <?/ outside: cf. F. <ets>exotique</ets>. See <er>Exoteric</er>.]</ety> <def>Introduced from a foreign country; not native; extraneous; foreign; <as>as, an <ex>exotic</ex> plant; an <ex>exotic</ex> term or word.</as></def>

<blockquote>Nothing was so splendid and <b>exotic</b> as the ambassador.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exotic</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything of foreign origin; something not of native growth, as a plant, a word, a custom.</def>

<blockquote>Plants that are unknown to Italy, and such as the gardeners call <b>exotics</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exotical</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ot"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Foreign; not native; exotic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*ot"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Exoticism</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ot"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being exotic; also, anything foreign, as a word or idiom; an exotic.</def>

<h1>Expand</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pand"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Expanded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Expanding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>expandere</ets>, <ets>expansum</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>pandere</ets> to spread out, to throw open; perh. akin to E. <ets>patent</ets>. Cf. <er>Spawn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay open by extending; to open wide; to spread out; to diffuse; <as>as, a flower <ex>expands</ex> its leaves</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Then with <b>expanded</b> wings he steers his flight.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause the particles or parts of to spread themselves or stand apart, thus increasing bulk without addition of substance; to make to occupy more space; to dilate; to distend; to extend every way; to enlarge; -- opposed to <ant>contract</ant>; <as>as, to <ex>expand</ex> the chest; heat <ex>expands</ex> all bodies; to <ex>expand</ex> the sphere of benevolence.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To state in enlarged form; to develop; <as>as, to <ex>expand</ex> an equation</as>. See <er>Expansion</er>, 5.</def>

<h1>Expand</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pand"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become widely opened, spread apart, dilated, distended, or enlarged; <as>as, flowers <ex>expand</ex> in the spring; metals <ex>expand</ex> by heat; the heart <ex>expands</ex> with joy.</as></def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Expander</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pand"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything which causes expansion esp. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> a tool for stretching open or expanding a tube, etc.</def>

<h1>Expanding</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pand"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That expands, or may be expanded; extending; spreading; enlarging.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Expanding bit</col>, <col>Expanding drill</col></mcol> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a bit or drill made adjustable for holes of various sizes; one which can be expanded in diameter while boring.</cd> -- <col>Expanding pulley</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a pulley so made, as in sections, that its diameter can be increased or diminished.</cd></cs>

<h1>Expanse</h1>
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<hw>Ex*panse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>expansus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>expandere</ets>. See <er>Expand</er>.]</ety> <def>That which is expanded or spread out; a wide extent of space or body; especially, the arch of the sky.</def> "The green <i>expanse</i>."

<i>Savage</i>.

<blockquote>Lights . . . high in the <b>expanse</b> of heaven.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The smooth <b>expanse</b> of crystal lakes.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expanse</h1>
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<hw>Ex*panse"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To expand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That lies <b>expansed</b> unto the eyes of all.
<i>Sir. T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expansibility</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pan`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The capacity of being expanded; <as>as, the <ex>expansibility</ex> of air</as>.</def>

<h1>Expabsible</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pab"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>expansible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being expanded or spread out widely.</def>

<blockquote>Bodies are not <b>expansible</b> in proposition to their weight. <?/

-- <wordforms><wf>Ex*pab"si*ble*ness</wf> ,<tt>n.</tt> -<wf>Ex*pan"si*bly</wf> ,<tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Expansile</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pan"sile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expansible.</def>

<blockquote>Ether and alcohol are more <b>expansile</b> than water.
<i>Brande & C.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expansion</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pan"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expansio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>expansion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of expanding or spreading out; the condition of being expanded; dilation; enlargement.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is expanded; expanse; extend surface; as the <i>expansion</i> of a sheet or of a lake; the <i>expansion</i> was formed of metal.</def>

<blockquote>The starred <b>expansion</b> of the skies.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Space thought which anything is expanded; also, pure space.</def>

<blockquote>Lost in <b>expansion</b>, void and infinite.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Enlargement or extension of business transaction; esp., increase of the circulation of bank notes.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The developed result of an indicated operation; <as>as, the <ex>expansion</ex> of <mathex>(a + b)<exp>2</exp></mathex> is <mathex>a<exp>2</exp> + 2ab + b<exp>2</exp></mathex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Steam Ebgine)</fld> <def>The operation of steam in a cylinder after its communication with the boiler has been cut off, by which it continues to exert pressure upon the moving piston.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Nav. Arch.)</fld> <def>The enlargement of the ship mathematically from a model or drawing to the full or building size, in the process of construction.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Expansion</i> is also used adjectively, as in <i>expansion</i> joint, <i>expansion</i> gear, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Expansion curve</col>, <cd>a curve the co\'94rdinates of which show the relation between the pressure and volume of expanding gas or vapor; esp. <fld>(Steam engine)</fld>, that part of an indicator diagram which shows the declining pressure of the steam as it expands in the cylinder.</cd> -- <col>Expansion gear</col> <fld>(Stream Engine)</fld>. <cd>a cut-off gear. See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Link motion</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Automatic expansion gear</col> &or; <col>cut-off</col></mcol>, <cd>one that is regulated by the governor, and varies the supply of steam to the engine with the demand for power.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fixed expansion gear</col>, &or; <col>Fixed cut-off</col></mcol>, <cd>one that always operates at the same fixed point of the stroke.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Expansion joint</col>, &or; <col>Expansion coupling</col></mcol> <fld>(Mech. & Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a yielding joint or coupling for so uniting parts of a machine or structure that expansion, as by heat, is prevented from causing injurious strains; as by heat, is prevented from causing injurious strains; as: <sd>(a)</sd> A side or set of rollers, at the end of bridge truss, to support it but allow end play. <sd>(b)</sd> A telescopic joint in a steam pipe, to permit one part of the pipe to slide within the other. <sd>(c)</sd> A clamp for holding a locomotive frame to the boiler while allowing lengthwise motion.</cd> -- <col>Expansion valve</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>a cut-off valve, to shut off steam from the cylinder before the end of each stroke.</cd></cs>

<h1>Expansive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pan"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>expansif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a capacity or tendency to expand or dilate; diffusive; of much expanse; wide-extending; <as>as, the <ex>expansive</ex> force of heat; the <ex>expansive</ex> quality of air.</as></def>

<blockquote>A more <b>expansive</b> and generous compassion.
<i>Eustace.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His forehead was broad and <b>expansive</b>.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ex*pan"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -<wf>Ex*pan"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Expansure</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pan"sure</hw> <tt>(?shur; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Expanse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Night's rich <i>expansure</i>."

<h1>Ex parte</h1>
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<hw>Ex` par"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. See <er>Ex-</er>, and <er>Part</er>.]</ety> <def>Upon or from one side only; one-sided; partial; <as>as, an <ex>ex parte</ex> statement</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Ex parte application</col>, <cd>one made without notice or opportunity to oppose.</cd> -- <col>Ex parte council</col>, <cd>one that assembles at the request of only one of the parties in dispute.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Ex parte</col> <col>hearing &or; evidence</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>that which is had or taken by one side or party in the absence of the other. Hearings before grand juries, and affidavits, are <ex>ex parte<ex>.</cd></cs>

<i>Wharton's Law Dict.</i>  <i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Expatiate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pa"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Expatiated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Expariating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>expatiatus</ets>, <ets>exspatiatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>expatiari</ets>, <ets>exspatiari</ets>, to expatiate; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>spatiari</ets> to walk about spread out, fr. <ets>spatium</ets> space. See <er>Space</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To range at large, or without restraint.</def>

<blockquote>Bids his free soul <b>expatiate</b> in the skies.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enlarge in discourse or writing; to be copious in argument or discussion; to descant.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>expatiated</b> on the inconveniences of trade.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expatiate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pa"ti*ate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To expand; to spread; to extend; to diffuse; to broaden.</def>

<blockquote>Afford art an ample field in which to <b>expatiate</b> itself.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expatiation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pa`ti*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of expatiating.</def>

<h1>Expatiatory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pa"ti*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expansive; diffusive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Expatriate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pa"tri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Expatriated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Expatriating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>expatriatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>expatriare</ets>; L. <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>patria</ets> fatherland, native land, fr. <ets>pater</ets> father. See <er>Patriot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To banish; to drive or force (a person) from his own country; to make an exile of.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>expatriated</b> landed interest of France.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reflexively, as <i>To expatriate one's self</i>: To withdraw from one's native country; to renounce the rights and liabilities of citizenship where one is born, and become a citizen of another country.</def>

<h1>Expatriation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pa`tri*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>expatriation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of banishing, or the state of banishment; especially, the forsaking of one's own country with a renunciation of allegiance.</def>

<blockquote><b>Expatriation</b> was a heavy ransom to pay for the rights of their minds and souls.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expect</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Expected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Expecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>expectatum</ets>, to look out for, await, expect; <ets>ex</ets> + out <ets>spectare</ets> to look at. See <er>Spectacle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wait for; to await.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Let's in, and there <b>expect</b> their coming.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To look for (mentally); to look forward to, as to something that is believed to be about to happen or come; to have a previous apprehension of, whether of good or evil; to look for with some confidence; to anticipate; -- often followed by an infinitive, sometimes by a clause (with, or without, <i>that</i>); as I <i>expect</i> to receive wages; I <i>expect</i> that the troops will be defeated. "Good: I will <i>expect</i> you." <i>Shak.</i> "<i>Expecting</i> thy reply." <i>Shak.</i></def>

<blockquote>The Somersetshire or yellow regiment . . . was <b>expected</b> to arrive on the following day.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To anticipate; look for; await; hope.</syn> -- <usage>To <er>Expect</er>, <er>Think</er>, <er>Believe</er>, <er>Await</er>. <i>Expect</i> is a mental act and has aways a reference to the future, to some coming event; as a person <i>expects</i> to die, or he <i>expects</i> to survive. <i>Think</i> and <i>believe</i> have reference to the past and present, as well as to the future; as I <i>think</i> the mail has arrived; I <i>believe</i> he came home yesterday, that he is he is at home now. There is a not uncommon use of <i>expect</i>, which is a confusion of the two; <as>as, I <ex>expect</ex> the mail has arrived; I <ex>expect</ex> he is at home</as>. This misuse should be avoided. <i>Await</i> is a physical or moral act. We <i>await</i> that which, when it comes, will affect us personally. We <i>expect</i> what may, or may not, interest us personally. See <er>Anticipate</er>.</usage>

<h1>Expect</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pect"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To wait; to stay. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sandys.</i></def>

<h1>Expect</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pect"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Expectation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Expectable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pect"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expectabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>That may be expected or looked for.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Expectance, Expectancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex*pect"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex*pect"an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of expecting ; expectation.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is expected, or looked or waited for with interest; the object of expectation or hope.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>expectancy</b> and rose of the fair state.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Estate in expectancy</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one the possession of which a person is entitled to have at some future time, either as a remainder or reversion, or on the death of some one.</cd>

<i>Burrill.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Expectant</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pect"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>expectans</ets>, <ets>exspectans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>expectare</ets>, <ets>exspectare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>expectant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Waiting in expectation; looking for</def>; <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>waiting for the efforts of nature, with little active treatment.</def>

<cs><col>Expectant estate</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an estate in expectancy. See under <er>Expectancy</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Expectant</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pect"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who waits in expectation; one held in dependence by hope of receiving some good.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>expectant</b> of future glory.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those who had employments, or were <b>expectants</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expectation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`pec*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expectio</ets>. <ets>exspectio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>expectation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of expecting or looking forward to an event as about to happen.</def> "In <i>expectation</i> of a guest."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>My soul, wait thou only upon God, for my <b>expectation</b> is from him.
<i>Ps. lxii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is expected or looked for.</def>

<blockquote>Why our great <b>expectation</b> should be called
The seed of woman.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The prospect of the future; grounds upon which something excellent is expected to happen; prospect of anything good to come, esp. of c or rank.</def>

<blockquote>His magnificent <b>expiations</b> made him, in the opinion of the world, the best much in Europe.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By all men's eyes a youth of <b>expectations</b>.
<i>Otway.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The value of any chance (as the prospect of prize or property) which depends upon some contingent event. <i>Expectations</i> are computed for or against the occurrence of the event.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The leaving of the disease principally to the efforts of nature to effect a cure.</def>

<cs><col>Expectation of life</col>, <cd>the mean or average duration of the life individuals after any specified age.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Anticipation; confidence; trust.</syn>

<h1>Expectative</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pect"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>expectatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Constituting an object of expectation; contingent.</def>

<cs><col>Expectative grace</col>, <cd>a mandate given by the pope or a prince appointing a successor to any benefice before it becomes vacant.</cd></cs>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Expectative</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pect"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>expectative</ets>, fr. <ets>expectatif</ets> expectant.]</ety> <def>Something in expectation; esp., an expectative grace.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Expectedly</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pect"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In conformity with expectation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Expecter</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pect"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who expects.</def>

<h1>Expectingly</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pect"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In state of expectation.</def>

<h1>Expective</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expectative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Expectorant</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pec"to*rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expectorans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>expectorare</ets> to drive from the breast: cf. F. <ets>expectorant</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Tending to facilitate expectoration or to promote discharges of mucus, etc., from the lungs or throat.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An expectorant medicine.</def></def2>

<h1>Expectorate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pec"to*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Expectorated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Expectorating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>expecrorare</ets> to drive from the breast; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>pectus</ets>, <ets>pectiris</ets>, breast. See <er>Pectoral</er>.]</ety> <def>To eject from the trachea or lungs; to discharge, as phlegm or other matter, by coughing, hawking, and spitting; to spit forth.</def>

<h1>Expectorate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pec"to*rate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To discharge matter from the lungs or throat bu hawking and spitting; to spit.</def>

<h1>Expectoration</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pec`to*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>expectoration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of ejecting phlegm or mucus from the throat or lungs, by coughing, hawking, and spitting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is expectorated, as phlegm or mucus.</def>

<h1>Expectorative</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pec"to*ra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Expectorant</er>.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Expede</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pede"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To expedite; to hasten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Expediate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pe"di*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>exp\'82dier</ets>. See <er>Expedite</er>.]</ety> <def>To hasten; to expedite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>expediate</i> their business."

<i>Sir E. Sandys.</i>

<h1>Expedience, Expediency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex*pe"di*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex*pe"di*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being expedient or advantageous; fitness or suitableness to effect a purpose intended; adaptedness to self-interest; desirableness; advantage; advisability; -- sometimes contradistinguished from <i>moral rectitude</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Divine wisdom discovers no <b>expediency</b> in vice.
<i>Cogan.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To determine concerning the <b>expedience</b> of action.
<i>Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Much declamation may be heard in the present day against <b>expediency</b>, as if it were not the proper object of a deliberative assembly, and as if it were only pursued by the unprincipled.
<i>Whately.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expedition; haste; dispatch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Making hither with all due <b>expedience</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An expedition; enterprise; adventure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Forwarding this dear <b>expedience</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expedient</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pe"di*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expediens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>expedire</ets> to be expedient, release, extricate: cf. F. <ets>exp\'82dient</ets>. See <er>Expedite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hastening or forward; hence, tending to further or promote a proposed object; fit or proper under the circumstances; conducive to self-interest; desirable; advisable; advantageous; -- sometimes contradistinguished from <i>right</i>.</def>

<blockquote>It is <b>expedient</b> for you that I go away.
<i>John xvi. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nothing but the right can ever be <b>expedient</b>, since that can never be true expediency which would sacrifice a greater good to a less.
<i>Whately.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Quick; expeditious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His marches are <b>expedient</b> to this town.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expedient</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pe"di*ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which serves to promote or advance; suitable means to accomplish an end.</def>

<blockquote>What sure <b>expedient</b> than shall Juno find,
To calm her fears and ease her boding mind?
<i>Philips.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Means devised in an exigency; shift.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Shift; contrivance; resource; substitute.</syn>

<h1>Expediential</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pe`di*en"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. Governed by expediency; seeking advantage; as an <i>expediential</i> policy. "Calculating, <i>expediential</i> understanding." <i>Hare.</i></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*pe`di*en"tial*ly</wf> , <tt>adv.</tt> <tt><?/.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Expediently</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pe"di*ent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an expedient manner; fitly; suitably; conveniently.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With expedition; quickly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Expediment</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ped"i*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>An expedient.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A like <b>expediment</b> to remove discontent.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expeditate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ped"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>expeditatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>expeditare</ets> to expeditate; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Forest Laws)</fld> <def>To deprive of the claws or the balls of the fore feet; <as>as, to <ex>expeditate</ex> a dog that he may not chase deer</as>.</def>

<h1>Expedite</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pe*dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expeditus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>expedire</ets> to free one caught by the foot, to extricate, set free, bring forward, make ready; <ets>ex</ets> out + pes, prdis, t. See <er>Foot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Free of impediment; unimpeded.</def>

<blockquote>To make the way plain and <b>expedite</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expeditious; quick; speedily; prompt.</def>

<blockquote>Nimble and <b>expedite</b> . . . in its operation.
<i>Tollotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Speech is a very short and <b>expedite</b> way of conveying their thoughts.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expedite</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pe*dite</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Expedited</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Expediting</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To relieve of impediments; to facilitate; to accelerate the process or progress of; to hasten; to quicken; <as>as, to <ex>expedite</ex> the growth of plants</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>expedite</b> your glorious march.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To despatch; to send forth; to issue officially.</def>

<blockquote>Such charters be <b>expedited</b> of course.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expeditely</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pe*dite`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In expedite manner; expeditiously.</def>

<h1>Expediteness</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pe*dite`ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being expedite.</def>

<h1>Expedition</h1>
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<hw>Ex`pe*di"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expeditio</ets>: cf.F. <ets>exp\'82dition</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being expedite; efficient promptness; haste; dispatch; speed; quickness; as to carry the mail with <i>expedition</i>.</def>

<blockquote>With winged <b>expedition</b>

<blockquote><b>Swift as the lightning glance</b>.  <b><?/</b>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sending forth or setting forth the execution of some object of consequence; progress.</def>

<blockquote>Putting it straight in <b>expedition</b>. <b><?/</b>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An important enterprise, implying a change of place; especially, a warlike enterprise; a march or a voyage with martial intentions; an excursion by a body of persons for a valuable end; as, a military, naval, exploring, or scientific <i>expedition</i>; also, the body of persons making such excursion.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>expedition</b> miserably failed.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Narrative of the exploring <b>expedition</b> to the Rocky Mountains.
<i>J. C. Fremont.</i>

<h1>Expeditionary</h1>
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<hw>Ex`pe*di"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an expedition; <as>as, an <ex>expeditionary</ex> force</as>.</def>

<h1>Expeditoinist</h1>
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<hw>Ex`pe*di"toin*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who goes upon an expedition. <mark>[R]</mark>.</def>

<h1>Expeditious</h1>
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<hw>Ex`pe*di"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Possessed of, or characterized by, expedition, or efficiency and rapidity in action; performed with, or acting with, expedition; quick; having celerity; speedily; <as>as, an <ex>expeditious march or messenger</ex></as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex`pe*di"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ex`pe*di"tious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<syn>Syn. -- Prompt; ready; speedy; alert. See <er>Prompt</er>.</syn>

<h1>Expeditive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ped"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>exp\'82ditif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Performing with speed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Expel</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Expelled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt>. <er>Expelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>expellere</ets>, <ets>expulsum</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>pellere</ets> to drive: cf.F. <ets>expeller</ets>. See <er>Pulse</er> a beat.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To drive or force out from that within which anything is contained, inclosed, or situated; to eject; as to <i>expel</i> air from a bellows.</def>

<blockquote>Did not ye . . . <b>expel</b> me out of my father's house?
<blockquote>Judg. Xi. 7.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To drive away from one's country; to banish</def>.

<blockquote>Forewasted all their land, and them <b>expelled</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>.

<blockquote>He shell <b>expel</b> them from before you . . . and ye shell possess their land.
<i>Josh. xxiii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cut off from further connection with an institution of learning, a society, and the like; <as>as, to <ex>expel</ex> a student or member</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To keep out, off, or away; to exclude.</def> "To <i>expel</i> the winter's flaw."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To discharge; to shoot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Then he another and another [shaft] did <b>expel</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>.

<syn>Syn. -- To banish; exile; eject; drive out. See <er>Banish</er>.</syn>

<h1>Expellable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pel"la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being expelled or driven out. <i></def>"Expellable</i> by heat."

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<h1>Expeller</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pel"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who. or that which, expels.</def>

<h1>Expend</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Expended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Expending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>expendere</ets>, <ets>expensum</ets>, to weigh out, pay out, lay out, lay out; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>pendere</ets> to weigh. See <er>Poise</er>, and cf. <er>Spend</er>.]</ety> <def>To lay out, apply, or employ in any way; to consume by use; to use up or distribute, either in payment or in donations; to spend; <as>as, they <ex>expend</ex> money for food or in charity; to <ex>expend</ex> time labor, and thought; to <ex>expend</ex> hay in feeding cattle, oil in a lamp, water in mechanical operations.</as></def>

<blockquote>If my death might make this island happy . . .
I would <b>expend</b> it with all willingness.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expend</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pend"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be laid out, used, or consumed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pay out or disburse money.</def>

<blockquote>They go elsewhere to enjoy and to <b>expend</b>.
<i>Macaulay</i></blockquote>.

<h1>Expenitor</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pen"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A disburser; especially, one of the disbursers of taxes for the repair of sewers.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Expenditure</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pend"iture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of expending; a laying out, as of money; disbursement.</def>

<blockquote>our <b>expenditure</b> purchased commerce and conquest.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is expended or paid out; expense.</def>

<blockquote>The receipts and <b>expenditures</b> of this extensive country.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expense</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pense"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expensa</ets> (sc. <ets>pecunia</ets>), or <ets>expensum</ets>, fr. <ets>expensus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>expendere</ets>. See <er>Expend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A spending or consuming; disbursement; expenditure.</def>

<blockquote>Husband nature's riches from <b>expense</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is expended, laid out, or consumed; cost; outlay; charge; -- sometimes with the notion of <i>loss</i> or <i>damage</i> to those on whom the expense falls; as, the <i>expenses</i> of war; an <i>expense</i> of time</def>.

<blockquote>Courting popularity at his party's <b>expense</b>. <i>Brougham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Loss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>And moan the <b>expense</b> of many a vanished sight.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Expense magazine</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a small magazine containing ammunition for immediate use.</cd></cs>

<i>H. L. Scott.</i>

<h1>Expensefull</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pense"full</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of expense; costly; chargeable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Sir H. Wotton</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*pense"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wf>Ex*pense"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Expenseless</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pense"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without cost or expense.</def>

<h1>Expensive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pen"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Occasioning expense; calling for liberal outlay; costly; dear; liberal; <as>as, <ex>expensive</ex> dress; an <ex>expensive</ex> house or family.</as></def>

<blockquote>War is <b>expensive</b>, and peace desirable.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free in expending; very liberal; especially, in a bad scene; extravagant; lavish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>An active, <b>expensive</b>, indefatigable goodness.
<i>Sprat.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The idle and <b>expensive</b> are dangerous.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Costly; dear; high-priced; lavish; extravagant.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ex*pen"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ex*pen"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Experience</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pe"ri*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>exp\'82rience</ets>, L. <ets>experientia</ets>, tr. <ets>experiens</ets>, <ets><?/entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>experiri</ets>, <ets>expertus</ets>, to try; <ets>ex</ets> out + the root of <ets>pertus</ets> experienced. See <er>Peril</er>, and cf. <er>Expert</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Trial, as a test or experiment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She caused him to make <b>experience</b>
Upon wild beasts.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The effect upon the judgment or feelings produced by any event, whether witnessed or participated in; personal and direct impressions as contrasted with description or fancies; personal acquaintance; actual enjoyment or suffering.</def> "Guided by other's <i>experiences</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and that is the lamp of <b>experience</b>.
<i>P. Henry</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>To most men experience</b> is like the stern lights of a ship, which illumine only the track it has passed.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When the consuls . . . came in . . . they knew soon by <b>experience</b> how slenderly guarded against danger the majesty of rulers is where force is wanting.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those that undertook the religion of our Savior upon his preaching, had no <b>experience</b> of it.
<i>Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An act of knowledge, one or more, by which single facts or general truths are ascertained; experimental or inductive knowledge; hence, implying skill, facility, or practical wisdom gained by personal knowledge, feeling or action; <as>as, a king without <ex>experience of war</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whence hath the mind all the materials of reason and knowledge? To this I answer in one word, from <b>experience</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Experience</b> may be acquired in two ways; either, first by noticing facts without any attempt to influence the frequency of their occurrence or to vary the circumstances under which they occur; this is <b>observation</b>; or, secondly, by putting in action causes or agents over which we have control, and purposely varying their combinations, and noticing what effects take place; this is <b>experiment</b>.
<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exrerience</h1>
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<hw>Ex*re"ri*ence</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Experienced</er> <tt>(-<it>e</it>nst)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Experiencing</er> <tt>(-<it>e</it>n-s?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make practical acquaintance with; to try personally; to prove by use or trial; to have trial of; to have the lot or fortune of; to have befall one; to be affected by; to feel; <as>as, to <ex>experience</ex> pain or pleasure; to <ex>experience</ex> poverty; to <ex>experience</ex> a change of views.</as></def>

<blockquote>The partial failure and disappointment which he had <b>experienced</b> in India.
<i>Thirwall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exercise; to train by practice.</def>

<blockquote>The youthful sailors thus with early care

<blockquote>Their arms <b>experience</b>, and for sea prepare.
<i>Harte.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To experience religion</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>to become a convert to the diatribes of Christianity; to yield to the power of religions truth.</cd></cs>

<h1>Experienced</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pe"ri*enced</hw> <tt>(-<it>e</it>nst)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Taught by practice or by repeated observations; skillful or wise by means of trials, use, or observation; <as>as, an <ex>experienced</ex> physician, workman, soldier; <ex>an experienced</ex> eye</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The ablest and most <b>experienced</b> statesmen.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Experiencer</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pe"ri*en*cer</hw> <tt>(-<it>e</it>n-s?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who experiences.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An experimenter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir. K. Gigby.</i>

<h1>Experient</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pe"ri*ent</hw> <tt>(-<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Experienced.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The prince now ripe and full <b>experient</b>.
<i>Beau & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Experiential</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pe`ri*en"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Derived from, or pertaining to, experience.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<blockquote>It is called empirical or <b>experiential</b> . . . because it is divan to us by experience or observation, and not obtained as the result of inference or reasoning.
<i>Sir. W. Hamiltion.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ex*pe`ri*en"tial*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>DR. H. More.</i>

<h1>Experientialism</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pe`ri*en"tial*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The doctrine that experience, either that ourselves or of others, is the test or criterion of general knowledge; -- opposed to <i>intuitionists</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Experientialism</b> is in short, a philosophical or logical theory, not a philosophical one.
<i>G. C. Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Experientiallist</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pe`ri*en"tial*list</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who accepts the doctrine of experientialism. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Experiment</h1>
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<hw>Ex*per"i*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>experimentum</ets>, fr. <ets>experiri</ets> to try: cf. OF. <ets>esperiment</ets>, <ets>experiment</ets>. See <er>Experience</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Atrial or special observation, made to confirm or disprove something doubtful; esp., one under conditions determined by the experimenter; an act or operation undertaken in order to discover some unknown principle or effect, or to test, establish, or illustrate some suggest or known truth; practical test; poof.</def>

<blockquote>A political <b>experiment</b> can not be made in a laboratory, not determinant in a few hours.
<i>J. Adams.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Experience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Adam, by sad <b>experiment</b> I know
How little weight my words with thee can find.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Experiment</h1>
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<hw>Ex*per"i*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Experimented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Experinenting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make experiment; to operate by test or trial; -- often with <i>on</i>, <i>upon</i>, or <i>in</i>, referring to the subject of an experiment; <i>with</i>, referring to the <i>instrument</i>; and <i>by</i>, referring to the means; <as>as, to <ex>experiment</ex> upon electricity; he <ex>experimented</ex> in plowing with ponies, or by steam power.</as></def>

<h1>Experiment</h1>
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<hw>Ex*per"i*ment</hw>, <tt>v.t</tt><def>, To try; to know, perceive, or prove, by trial experience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.    </i>

<h1>Experimental</h1>
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<hw>Ex*per`i*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>exp\'82rimental</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to experiment; founded on, or derived from, experiment or trial; <as>as, <ex>experimental</ex> science</as>; given to, or skilled in, experiment; <as>as, an <ex>experimental</ex> philosopher</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Known by, or derived from, experience; <as>as, <ex>experimental</ex> religion</as>.</def>

<h1>Experimetalist</h1>
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<hw>Ex*per`i*me"tal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes experiments; an experimenter.</def>

<i>Whaterly.</i>

<h1>Experimentalize</h1>
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<hw>Ex*per`i*men"tal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make experiments (upon); to experiment.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Experimentally</h1>
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<hw>Ex*per`i*men"tal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By experiment; by experience or trial.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Experimentarian</h1>
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<hw>Ex*per`i*men*ta"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relying on experiment or experience.</def> "an <i>experimentarian</i> philosopher." <i>Boyle.</i> -- <def2> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who relies on experiment or experience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></def2>

<h1>Experimentation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*per`i*men*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of experimenting; practice by experiment.

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<hr>
<page="528">
Page 528<p>

<h1>Ex-peri-mentative</h1>
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<hw>Ex-per`i-men"ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Experimental; of the nature of experiment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Experimentator</h1>
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<hw>Ex*per"i*men*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>An experimenter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Experimenter</h1>
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<hw>Ex*per"i*men`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes experiments; one skilled in experiments.</def>

<i> Faraday.</i>

<h1>Experimentist</h1>
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<hw>Ex*per"i*men`tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An experimenter.</def>

<h1>Experrection</h1>
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<hw>Ex`per*rec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expergisci</ets>, p. p. <ets>experrectus</ets>, to rose up; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>pergere</ets> to wake up.]</ety> <def>A waking up or arousing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland</i>

<h1>Expert</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>expert</ets>, L. <ets>expertus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>experiri</ets> to try. See <er>Experience</er>.]</ety> <def>Taught by use, practice, or experience, experienced; having facility of operation or performance from practice; knowing and ready from much practice; clever; skillful; <as>as, an <ex>expert</ex> surgeon; <ex>expert</ex> in chess or archery.</as></def>

<blockquote>A valiant and most <b>expert</b> gentleman.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What practice, howsoe'er <b>expert</b>
In fitting aptest words to things . . .
Hath power to give thee as thou wert?
<i>Tennison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Adroit; dexterous; clever; ready; prompt.</syn>

<h1>Expert</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An expert or experienced person; one instructed by experience; one who has skill, experience, or extensive knowledge in his calling or in any special branch of learning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A specialist in a particular profession or department of science requiring for its mastery peculiar culture and erudition.</def>

<note>&hand; Such specialists may be witnesses in matters as to which ordinary observers could not without such aid form just conclusions, and are liable for negligence in case they injure another from want of proper qualifications or proper care in the exercise of their specialty.</note>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A sworn appraiser</def>.

<h1>Expert</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To experience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Die would we daily, once it to <b>expert</b>.
<i>Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expertly</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pert"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a skillful or dexterous manner; adroitly; with readiness and accuracy.</def>

<h1>Expertness</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pert"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Skill derived from practice; readiness; <as>as, <ex>expertness</ex> in seamanship, or in reasoning</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Facility; readiness; dexterity; adroitness; skill. See <er>Facility</er>.</syn>

<h1>Expetible</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pet"ible</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L., <ets>expetibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>expetere</ets> to wish for; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>petere</ets> to seek.]</ety> <def>Worthy of being wished for; desirable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Puller.</i>

<h1>Expiable</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pi*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Expiate</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being expiated or atoned for; <as>as, an <ex>expiable</ex> offense; <ex>expiable guilt.</as></def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Expiate</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Expiated</er><tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Expiating</er><tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>expiatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>expiare</ets> to expiate; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>piare</ets> to seek to appease, to purify with sacred rites, fr. <ets>pius</ets> pious. See <er>Pious</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To extinguish the guilt of by sufferance of penalty or some equivalent; to make complete satisfaction for; to atone for; to make amends for; to make expiation for; <as>as, to <ex>expiate</ex> a crime, a guilt, or sin</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>expiate</b> his treason, hath naught left.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Treasurer obliged himself to <b>expiate</b> the injury.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To purify with sacred rites.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Neither let there be found among you any one that shall <b>expiate</b> his son or daughter, making them to pass through the fire.
<i>Deut. xviii. 10 (Douay version)</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expiate</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expiatus</ets>,p.p]</ety> <def>Terminated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Expiation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`pi*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expiatio</ets>: cf.F. <ets>expiation</ets>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of making satisfaction or atonement for any crime or fault; the extinguishing of guilt by suffering or penalty.</def>

<blockquote>His liberality seemed to have something in it of self-abasement and <b>expiation</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The means by which reparation or atonement for crimes or sins is made; an expiatory sacrifice or offering; an atonement.</def>

<blockquote>Those shadowy <b>expiations</b> weak,
The blood of bulls and goats.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An act by which the treats of prodigies were averted among the ancient heathen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hayward.</i>

<h1>Expiatist</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pi*a*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An expiator.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Expiator</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pi*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who makes expiation or atonement.</def>

<h1>Expiatorious</h1>
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<hw>Ex`pi*a*to"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of an expiatory nature; expiatory.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Expiatory</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pi*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expiatorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>expiatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having power, or intended, to make expiation; atoning; <as>as, an <ex>expiatory</ex> sacrifice</as>.</def>

<h1>Expilation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`pi*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expiatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of expilating or stripping off; plunder; pillage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This ravenous <b>expiation</b> of the state.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expilator</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pi*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who pillages; a plunderer; a pillager.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Expirable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pir"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may expire; capable of being brought to an end.</def>

<h1>Expirant</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pir"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who expires or is expiring.</def>

<h1>Expiration</h1>
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<hw>Ex`pi*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expiratio</ets>,<ets>exspiratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>expiration</ets>. See <er>Expire</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of expiring</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd><fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act or process of breathing out, or forcing air from the lungs through the nose or mouth; <as>as, respiration consists of inspiration and <ex>expiration</ex></as>; -- opposed to <ant>inspiration</ant></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Emission of volatile matter; exhalation.</def>

<blockquote>The true cause of cold is an <b>expiration</b> from the globe of the earth.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The last emission of breath; death</def>. "The groan of <i>expiration</i>."

<i>Rambler.</i>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>A coming to a close; cessation; extinction; termination; end</def>.

<blockquote>Before the <b>expiration</b> of thy time.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is expired; matter breathed forth; that which is produced by breathing out, as a sound.</def>

<blockquote>The aspirate "he," which is . . . a gentle <b>expiration</b>.
<i>G. Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expiratory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pir"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or employed in, the expiration or emission of air from the lungs; <as>as, the <ex>expiratory</ex> muscles</as>.</def>

<h1>Expire</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Expired</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Expiring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>expirare</ets>, <ets>exspirare</ets>, <ets>expiratum</ets>, <ets>exspiratum</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>spirare</ets> to breathe: cf. F. <ets>expirer</ets>. See <er>Spirit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To breathe out; to emit from the lungs; to throw out from the mouth or nostrils in the process of respiration; -- opposed to <i>inspire</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Anatomy exhibits the lungs in a continual motion of inspiring and <b>expiring</b> air.
<i>Harvey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This chafed the boar; his nostrils flames <b>expire</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give forth insensibly or gently, as a fluid or vapor; to emit in minute particles; to exhale; <as>as, the earth <ex>expires</ex> a damp vapor; plants <ex>expire</ex> odors.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>expiring</b> of cold out of the inward parts of the earth in winter.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To emit; to give out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To bring to a close; to terminate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Expire</b> the term
Of a despised life.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expire</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pire"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To emit the breath.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To emit the last breath; to breathe out the life; to die; <as>as, to <ex>expire</ex> calmly; to <ex>expire</ex> in agony.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To come to an end; to cease; to terminate; to perish; to become extinct; <as>as, the flame <ex>expired</ex>; his lease <ex>expires</ex> to-day; the month <ex>expired</ex> on Saturday.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To burst forth; to fly out with a blast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

"The ponderous ball <i>expires</i>."
<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Expiring</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pir"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Breathing out air from the lungs; emitting fluid or volatile matter; exhaling; breathing the last breath; dying; ending; terminating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or uttered at, the time of dying; <as>as, <ex>expiring</ex> words; <ex>expiring</ex> groans.</as></def>

<h1>Expiry</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pi*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Expiration.</def>

<blockquote>He had to leave at the <b>expiry</b> of the term.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Parliament . . . now approaching the <b>expiry</b> of its legal term.
<i>J. Morley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expiscate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pis"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expiscatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>expiscari</ets> to fish out; <ets>ex</ets> out+<ets>piscari</ets> to fish, <ets>piscis</ets> fish.]</ety> <def>To fish out; to find out by skill or laborious investigation; to search out.</def> "To <i>expiscate</i> principles." <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<blockquote>Dr.Burton has with much ingenuity endeavord to <b>expiscate</b> the truth which may be involved in them.
<i>W. L. Alexander.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expiscation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`pis*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of expiscating; a fishing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Expiscatory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pis"ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to fish out; searching out</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Explain</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Explained</er><tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Explaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>explandare</ets> to flatten, spread out, explain; <ets>ex</ets> out+<ets>plandare</ets> to make level or plain, <ets>planus</ets> plain: cf. OF. <ets>esplaner</ets>, <ets>explaner</ets>. See <er>Plain</er>,<tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Esplanade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To flatten; to spread out; to unfold; to expand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The horse-chestnut is . . . ready to <b>explain</b> its leaf.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make plain, manifest, or intelligible; to clear of obscurity; to expound; to unfold and illustrate the meaning of; <as>as, to <ex>explain</ex> a chapter of the Bible</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Commentators to <b>explain</b> the difficult passages to you.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To explain away</col>, <cd>to get rid of by explanation. "Those <i>explain<i> the meaning quite "<i>away<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Pope.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To expound; interpret; elucidate; clear up.</syn>

<h1>Explain</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plain"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To give an explanation.</def>

<h1>Explainable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plain"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>explainabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being explained or made plain to the understanding; capable of being interpreted.</def>

<i>Sir. T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Explainer</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plain"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who explains; an expounder or expositor; a commentator; an interpreter.</def>

<h1>Explanate</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pla*nate</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>explanatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>explanare</ets>. See <er>Explain</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Spreading or extending outwardly in a flat form.</def>

<h1>Explanation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`pla*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>explanatio</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>esplanation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of explaining, expounding, or interpreting; the act of clearing from obscurity and making intelligible; <as>as, the <ex>explanation</ex> of a passage in Scripture, or of a contract or treaty</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which explains or makes clear; <as>as, a satisfactory <ex>explanation</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The meaning attributed to anything by one who explains it; definition; inerpretation; sense.</def>

<blockquote>Different <b>explanations</b> [of the Trinity].
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A mutual exposition of terms, meaning, or motives, with a view to adjust a misunderstanding, and reconcile differences; reconciliation; agreement; <as>as, to come to an <ex>explanation</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Definition; description; explication; exposition; interpretation; detail. See <er>Definition</er>.</syn>

<h1>Explanative</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plan"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Explanatory.</def>

<h1>Explanatoriness</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plan"a*to*ri*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being explanatory.</def>

<h1>Explanatory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plan"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>explanatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to explain; containing explanation; as <i>explanatory</i> notes.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Explat, Explate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex*plat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex*plate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ex-+plat</ets> or <ets>plait</ets>.]</ety> <def>To explain; to unfold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Like Solon's self <b>explatest</b> the knotty laws.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expletion</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ple"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expletio</ets> a satisfying. See <er>Expletive</er>.]</ety> <def>Accomplishment; fulfillment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Killingbeck.</i>

<h1>Expletive</h1>
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<hw>Ex"ple*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expletivus</ets>, from <ets>expletus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>explere</ets> to fill up; <ets>ex</ets> out+<ets>plere</ets> to fill, akin to <ets>plenus</ets> full: cf. F. <ets>expl\'82tif</ets>. See <er>Full</er>.]</ety> <def>Filling up; hence, added merely for the purpose of filling up; superfluous.</def> "<i>Expletive</i> imagery."

<i>Hallam.</i>

<blockquote><b>Expletive</b> phrases to plump his speech.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expletive</h1>
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<hw>Ex"ple*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A word, letter, or syllable not necessary to the sense, but inserted to fill a vacancy; an oath.</def>

<blockquote>While <b>explectives</b> their feeble aid to join,
And ten low words oft creep in one dull line.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expletively</h1>
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<hw>Ex"ple*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of an expletive.</def>

<h1>Expletory</h1>
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<hw>Ex"ple*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to fill up; expletive; superfluous; <as>as, an <ex>expletory</ex> word</as>.</def>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Explicable</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pli*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>explicabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>explicable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being explicated; that may be explained or accounted for; admitting explanation.</def>

<blockquote>It is not <b>explicable</b> upon any grounds.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Explicableness</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pli*ca*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being explicable.</def>

<h1>Explicate</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pli*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>explicatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>explicare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Evolved; unfolded.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Explicate</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pli*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Explicated</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Explicating</er><tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unfold; to expand; to lay open.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "They <i>explicate</i> the leaves."

<i>Blackmore.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To unfold the meaning or sense of; to explain; to clear of difficulties or obscurity; to interpret.</def>

<blockquote>The last verse of his last satire is not yet sufficiently <b>explicated</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Explication</h1>
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<hw>Ex`pli*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>explicatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>explication</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of opening, unfolding, or explaining; explanation; exposition; interpretation.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>explication</b> of our Savior's parables.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sense given by an expositor.</def>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Explicative</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pli*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>explicatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to unfold or explain; tending to lay open to the understanding; explanatory.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Explicator</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pli*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who unfolds or explains; an expounder; an explainer.</def>

<h1>Explicatory</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pli*ca`to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Explicative.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Explicit</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pli*cit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[LL., an abbreviation of <ets>explicitus</ets> (<it>est liber</it>) the book (which anciently was a roll of parchment) is unfolded (and, of course, "finished"). See <er>Explicit</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A word formerly used (as <i>finis</i> is now) at the conclusion of a book to indicate the end.</def>

<h1>Explicit</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plic"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>explicitus</ets>; p.p. of <ets>explicare</ets> to unfold: cf. F. <ets>explicite</ets>. <ets>See</ets> <er>Explicate</er>, <er>Exploit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not implied merely, or conveyed by implication; distinctly stated; plain in language; open to the understanding; clear; not obscure or ambiguous; express; unequivocal; <as>as, an <ex>explicit</ex> declaration</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The language of the charter was too <b>explicit</b> to admit of a doubt.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having no disguised meaning or reservation; unreserved; outspoken; -- applied to persons; <as>as, he was earnest and <ex>explicit</ex> in his statement</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Explicit function</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Function</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Express; clear; plain; open; unreserved; unambiguous.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Explicit</er>, <er>Express</er>. <i>Explicit</i> denotes a setting forth in the plainest, language, so that the meaning can not be misunderstood; as, an <i>explicit</i> promise. <i>Express</i> is stronger than <i>explicit</i>: it adds force to clearness. An <i>express</i> promise or engagement is not only unambiguous, but stands out in bold relief, with the most binding hold on the conscience. An <i>explicit</i> statement; a clear and <i>explicit</i> notion; <i>explicit</i> direction; no words can be more <i>explicit</i>. An <i>explicit</i> command; an <i>express</i> prohibition. "An <i>express</i> declaration goes forcibly and directly to the point. An <i>explicit</i> declaration leaves nothing ambiguous."</usage>

<i>C. J. Smith.</i>

<h1>Explicitly</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plic"it*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an explicit manner; clearly; plainly; without disguise or reservation of meaning; not by inference or implication; <as>as, he <ex>explicitly</ex> avows his intention</as>.</def>

<h1>Explicitness</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plic"it*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being explicit; clearness; directness.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Explode</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plode"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exploded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exploding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>explodere</ets>, <ets>explosum</ets>, to drive out, drive out a player by clapping; <ets>ex</ets> out+<ets>plaudere</ets>, <ets>plodere</ets>, to clap, strike, applaud: cf. OF. <ets>exploder</ets>. See <er>Plausible</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become suddenly expanded into a great volume of gas or vapor; to burst violently into flame; as gunpowder <i>explodes</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To burst with force and a loud report; to detonate, as a shell filled with powder or the like material, or as a boiler from too great pressure of steam.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To burst forth with sudden violence and noise; <as>as, at this, his wrath <ex>exploded</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Explode</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plode"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To drive from the stage by noisy expressions of disapprobation; to hoot off; to drive away or reject noisily; <as>as, to <ex>explode</ex> a play</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Him old and young
<b>Exploded</b>, and seized with violent hands.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring into disrepute, and reject; to drive from notice and acceptance; <as>as, to <ex>explode</ex> a scheme, fashion, or doctrine</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Old <b>exploded</b> contrivances of mercantile fraud.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>explode</b> and exterminate dark atheism.
<i>Bently.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to explode or burst noisily; to detonate; <as>as, to <ex>explode</ex> powder by touching it with fire</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To drive out with violence and noise, as by powder.</def>

<blockquote>But late the kindled powder did <b>explode</b>
The massy ball and the brass tube unload.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Explodent</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plod"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument or agent causing explosion; an exploder; also, an explosive.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Explosive</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <p><b>2</b>.</def>

<h1>Exploder</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plod"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who or that which explodes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who rejects an opinion or scheme with open contempt.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Exploit</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ploit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>esploit</ets> success, OF. <ets>esploit</ets>, <ets>espleit</ets>,revenue, product, vigor, force, exploit, F. <ets>exploit</ets> exploit, fr. L. <ets>explicitum</ets>, prop. p.p. neut. of <ets>explicare</ets> to unfold, display, exhibit; <ets>ex+plicare</ets> to fold. See <er>Ply</er>, and cf. <er>Explicit</er>, <er>Explicate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A deed or act; especially, a heroic act; a deed of renown; an adventurous or noble achievement; <as>as, the <ex>exploits</ex> of Alexander the Great</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Ripe for <b>exploits</b> and mighty enterprises.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Combat; war.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He made haste to <b>exploit</b> some warlike service.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>exploiter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To utilize; to make available; to get the value or usefulness out of; <as>as, to <ex>exploit</ex> a mine or agricultural lands; to <ex>exploit</ex> public opinion.</as></def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<hr>
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Page 529<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: To draw an illegitimate profit from; to speculate on; to put upon.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<blockquote>In no sense whatever does a man who accumulates a fortune by legitimate industry <b>exploit</b> his employ\'82s or make his capital "out of" anybody else.
<i>W. G. Sumner.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exploitation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`ploi*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The act of exploiting or utilizing.</def>

<i>J. D. Whitney.</i>

<h1>Exploiture</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ploi"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of exploiting or accomplishing; achievement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exploitation.</def>

<i>Harper's Mag.</i>

<h1>Explorable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plor"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be explored; <as>as, an <ex>explorable</ex> region</as>.</def>

<h1>Explorate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plo"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>explorare</ets>, <ets>exploratum</ets>.]</ety> <def>To explore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir. T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Exploration</h1>
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<hw>Ex`plo*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exploratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exploration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of exploring, penetrating, or ranging over for purposes of discovery, especially of geographical discovery; examination; <as>as, the <ex>exploration</ex> of unknown countries</as></def>; <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>physical examination.</def>

<blockquote>"An <b>exploration</b> of doctrine."
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Explorative</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plor"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Exploratory.</def>

<h1>Explorator</h1>
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<hw>Ex"plo*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who explores; one who examines closely; a searcher.</def>

<h1>Exploratory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plor"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exploratorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving or intended to explore; searching; examining; explorative.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Explore</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Explored</er><tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exploring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>explorare</ets> to explore; <ets>ex</ets> out+<ets>plorare</ets> to cry out aloud,prob. orig., to cause to flow; perh. akin to E. <ets>flow</ets>: cf. F. <ets>explorer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To seek for or after; to strive to attain by search; to look wisely and carefully for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Explores</b> the lost, the wandering sheep directs.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To search through or into; to penetrate or range over for discovery; to examine thoroughly; <as>as, to <ex>explore</ex> new countries or seas; to <ex>explore</ex> the depths of science.</as></def> "Hidden frauds [to] <i>explore</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Explorement</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plore"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of exploring; exploration.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Explorer</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plor"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who explores; also, an apparatus with which one explores, as a diving bell.</def>

<h1>Eploring</h1>
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<hw>Eplor"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Employed in, or designed for, exploration.</def> "<i>Exploring</i> parties."

<i>Bancroft.</i>

<h1>Explosion</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plo"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>explosio</ets> a driving off by clapping: cf. F. <ets>explosion</ets> explosion. See <er>Explode</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of exploding; detonation; a chemical action which causes the sudden formation of a great volume of expanded gas; <as>as, the <ex>explosion</ex> of gunpowder, of fire damp,etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bursting with violence and loud noise, because of internal pressure; <as>as, the <ex>explosion</ex> of a gun, a bomb, a steam boiler, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A violent outburst of feeling, manifested by excited language, action, etc.; <as>as, an <ex>explosion</ex> of wrath</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A formidable <b>explosion</b> of high-church fanaticism.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Explosive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plo"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>explosif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Driving or bursting out with violence and noise; causing explosion; <as>as, the <ex>explosive</ex> force of gunpowder</as>.</def>

<h1>Explosive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plo"sive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An explosive agent; a compound or mixture susceptible of a rapid chemical reaction, as gunpowder, or nitro-glycerine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sound produced by an explosive impulse of the breath; <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> one of consonants <i>p</i>, <i>b</i>, <i>t</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>k</i>, <i>g</i>, which are sounded with a sort of explosive power of voice. <note>[See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &root; 155-7, 184.]</note></def>

<h1>Explosively</h1>
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<hw>Ex*plo"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an explosive manner.</def>

<h1>Expoliation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*po`li*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Exspoliation</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Expolish</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pol"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>expolire</ets>. See <er>Polish</er>.]</ety> <def>To polish thoroughly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Heywood.</i>

<h1>Expone</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>exponen</ets>. See <er>Expound</er>.]</ety> <def>To expound; to explain; also, to expose; to imperil.</def> <mark>[Old Eng. & Scotch]</mark>

<i>Drummond.</i>

<h1>Exponent</h1>
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<hw>Ex*po"nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exponens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>exponere</ets> to put out, set forth, expose. See <er>Expound</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>A number, letter, or any quantity written on the right hand of and above another quantity, and denoting how many times the latter is repeated as a factor to produce the power indicated</def>; <note>thus <it>a</it><exp>2</exp> denotes the second power, and <it>a</it><exp>n</exp> the <it>x</it>th power, of <it>a</it> (2 and x being the <i>exponents</i>). A fractional <i>exponent</i>, or index, is used to denote the root of a quantity. Thus, <it>a</it><exp><frac13/</exp> denotes the third or cube root of <it>a</it>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who, or that which, stands as an index or representative; <as>as, the leader of a party is the <ex>exponent</ex> of its principles</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Exponent of a ratio</col>, <cd>the quotient arising when the antecedent is divided by the consequent; thus, 6 is the <i>exponent<i> of the ratio of 30 to 5. <mark>[R.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Exponential</h1>
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<hw>Ex`po*nen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>exponentiel</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to exponents; involving variable exponents; <as>as, an <ex>exponential</ex> expression; <ex>exponential</ex> calculus; an <ex>exponential</ex> function.</as></def>

<cs><col>Exponential curve</col>, <cd>a curve whose nature is defined by means of an exponential equation.</cd> -- <col>Exponential equation</col>, <cd>an equation which contains an exponential quantity, or in which the unknown quantity enters as an exponent.</cd> -- <col>Exponential quantity</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a quantity whose exponent is unknown or variable, as <it>a<it><exp>x</exp>.</cd> -- <col>Exponential series</col>, <cd>a series derived from the development of exponential equations or quantities.</cd></cs>

<h1>Export</h1>
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<hw>Ex*port"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exported</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exporting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exportare</ets>, <ets>exportatum</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out+<ets>portare</ets> to carry : cf. F. <ets>exporter</ets>. See <er>Port</er> demeanor.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To carry away; to remove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>[They] <b>export</b> honor from a man, and make him a return in envy.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To carry or send abroad, or out of a country, especially to foreign countries, as merchandise or commodities in the way of commerce; -- the opposite of <i>import</i>; <as>as, to <ex>export</ex> grain, cotton, cattle, goods, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Export</h1>
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<hw>Ex"port</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of exporting; exportation; <as>as, to prohibit the <ex>export</ex> of wheat or tobacco</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is exported; a commodity conveyed from one country or State to another in the way of traffic; -- used chiefly in the plural, <i>exports</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The ordinary course of exchange . . . between two places must likewise be an indication of the ordinary course of their <b>exports</b> and imports.
<i>A. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exportability</h1>
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<hw>Ex*port`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being suitable for exportation.</def>

<blockquote>To increase the <b>exportability</b> of native goods.
<i>J. P. Peters.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exportable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*port"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suitable for exportation; <as>as, <ex>exportable</ex> products</as>.</def>

<h1>Exportation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`por*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exportatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exporation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of exporting; the act of conveying or sending commodities abroad or to another country, in the course of commerce.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Commodity exported; an export.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of carrying out.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bourne.</i>

<h1>Exporter</h1>
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<hw>Ex*port"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who exports; the person who sends goods or commodities to a foreign country, in the way of commerce; -- opposed to <i>importer</i>.</def>

<h1>Exposal</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pos"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Exposure.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Expose</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exposed</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exposing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>exposer</ets>; pref. <ets>ex-</ets> (L. <ets>ex</ets> out)+<ets>poser</ets> to place. See <er>Pose</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set forth; to set out to public view; to exhibit; to show; to display; <as>as, to <ex>expose</ex> goods for sale; to <ex>expose</ex> pictures to public inspection.</as></def>

<blockquote>Those who seek truth only, freely <b>expose</b> their principles to the test, and are pleased to have them examined.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lay bare; to lay open to attack, danger, or anything objectionable; to render accessible to anything which may affect, especially detrimentally; to make liable; <as>as, to <ex>expose</ex> one's self to the heat of the sun, or to cold, insult, danger, or ridicule; to <ex>expose</ex> an army to destruction or defeat.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Expose</b> thyself to feel what wretches feel.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deprive of concealment; to discover; to lay open to public inspection, or bring to public notice, as a thing that shuns publicity, something criminal, shameful, or the like; <as>as, to <ex>expose</ex> the faults of a neighbor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>You only <b>expose</b> the follies of men, without arraigning their vices.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To disclose the faults or reprehensible practices of; to lay open to general condemnation or contempt by making public the character or arts of; <as>as, to <ex>expose</ex> a cheat, liar, or hypocrite</as>.</def>

<h1>Expos\'82</h1>
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<hw>Ex`po`s\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., prop.p.p. of <ets>exposer</ets>. See <er>Expose</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A formal recital or exposition of facts; exposure, or revelation, of something which some one wished to keep concealed.</def>

<h1>Exposedness</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pos"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being exposed, laid open, or unprotected; <as>as, an <ex>exposedness</ex> to sin or temptation</as>.</def>

<h1>Exposer</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pos"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who exposes or discloses.</def>

<h1>Exposition</h1>
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<hw>Ex`po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expositio</ets>, fr. <ets>exponere</ets>, <ets>expositum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exposition</ets>. See <er>Expound</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of exposing or laying open; a setting out or displaying to public view.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of expounding or of laying open the sense or meaning of an author, or a passage; explanation; interpretation; the sense put upon a passage; a law, or the like, by an interpreter; hence, a work containing explanations or interpretations; a commentary.</def>

<blockquote>You know the law; your <b>exposition</b>
Hath been most sound.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Situation or position with reference to direction of view or accessibility to influence of sun, wind, etc.; exposure; <as>as, an easterly <ex>exposition</ex>; an <ex>exposition</ex> to the sun.</as></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A public exhibition or show, as of industrial and artistic productions; <as>as, the Paris <ex>Exposition</ex> of 1878</as>.</def> <mark>[A Gallicism]</mark>

<h1>Expositive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pos"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to explain; expository.</def>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Expositor</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pos"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Expound</er>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, expounds or explains; an expounder; a commentator.</def>

<i>Bp. Horsley.</i>

<h1>Expository</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pos"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, exposition; serving to explain; explanatory; illustrative; exegetical.</def>

<blockquote>A glossary or <b>expository</b> index to the poetical writers.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expost facto, &or; Expostfacto</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex"post` fac"to</hw>, &or; <hw>Ex"post`fac"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <ety>[L., from what is done afterwards.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>From or by an after act, or thing done afterward; in consequence of a subsequent act; retrospective.</def>

<cs><col>Ex post facto law</col>, <cd>a law which operates by after enactment. The phrase is popularly applied to any law, civil or criminal, which is enacted with a retrospective effect, and with intention to produce that effect; but in its true application, as employed in American law, it relates only to crimes, and signifies a law which retroacts, by way of criminal punishment, upon that which was not a crime before its passage, or which raises the grade of an offense, or renders an act punishable in a more severe manner that it was when committed. <i>Ex post facto laws<i> are held to be contrary to the fundamental principles of a free government, and the States are prohibited from passing such laws by the Constitution of the United States.</cd></cs>

<i>Burrill. Kent.</i>

<h1>Expostulate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pos"tu*late</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Expostulated</er><tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Expostulating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>expostulatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>expostulare</ets> to demand vehemently; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>postulare</ets> to ask, require. See <er>Postulate</er>.]</ety> <def>To reason earnestly with a person on some impropriety of his conduct, representing the wrong he has done or intends, and urging him to make redress or to desist; to remonstrate; -- followed by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Men <b>expostulate</b> with erring friends; they bring accusations against enemies who have done them a wrong.
<i>Jowett (Thuc. ).</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To remonstrate; reason. See <er>Remonstrate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Expostulate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pos"tu*late</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To discuss; to examine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>expostulate</b>
What majesty should be, what duty is.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expostulation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pos`tu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expostulatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of expostulating or reasoning with a person in opposition to some impropriety of conduct; remonstrance; earnest and kindly protest; dissuasion.</def>

<blockquote>We must use <b>expostulation</b> kindly.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expostulator</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pos"tu*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?;135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who expostulates.</def>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Expostulatory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pos"tu*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing expostulation or remonstrance; <as>as, an <ex>expostulatory</ex> discourse or letter</as>.</def>

<h1>Exposture</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pos"ture</hw> <tt>(?;135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Imposture</er>.]</ety> <def>Exposure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Exposure</h1>
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<hw>Ex*po"sure</hw> <tt>(?;135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Expose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of exposing or laying open, setting forth, laying bare of protection, depriving of care or concealment, or setting out to reprobation or contempt.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>exposure</b> of Fuller . . . put an end to the practices of that vile tribe.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being exposed or laid open or bare; openness to danger; accessibility to anything that may affect, especially detrimentally; <as>as, <ex>exposure</ex> to observation, to cold to inconvenience</as>.</def>

<blockquote>When we have our naked frailties hid,
That suffer in <b>exposure</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Position as to points of compass, or to influences of climate, etc. "Under a southern <i>exposure</i>.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<blockquote>The best <b>exposure</b> of the two for woodcocks.
<i>Sir. W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>The exposing of a sensitized plate to the action of light.</def>

<h1>Expound</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pound"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Expounded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Expounding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>exponen</ets>, <ets>expounen</ets>, <ets>expounden</ets>, fr. L. <ets>exponere</ets> to set out, expose, expound; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>ponere</ets> to put: cf. OE. <ets>expondre</ets>, <ets>expondre</ets>. See <er>Position</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay open; to expose to view; to examine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He <b>expounded</b> both his pockets.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lay open the meaning of; to explain; to clear of obscurity; to interpret; <as>as, to <ex>expound</ex> a text of Scripture, a law, a word, a meaning, or a riddle</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Expound</b> this matter more fully to me.
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expounder</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pound"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who expounds or explains; an interpreter.</def>

<h1>Express</h1>
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<hw>Ex*press"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>expr\'8as</ets>, L. <ets>expressus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>exprimere</ets> to express; <ets>ex</ets>. out + <ets>premere</ets> To press. See <er>Press</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exactly representing; exact.</def>

<blockquote>Their human countenance
The <b>express</b> resemblance of the gods.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Directly and distinctly stated; declared in terms; not implied or left to inference; made unambiguous by intention and care; clear; not dubious; <as>as, <ex>express</ex> consent; an <ex>express</ex> statement.</as></def>

<blockquote>I have <i>express</i> commandment.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Intended for a particular purpose; relating to an express; sent on a particular errand; dispatched with special speed; <as>as, an <ex>express</ex> messenger or train</as>. Also used adverbially.</def>

<blockquote> A messenger sent <b>express</b> from the other world.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Express color</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See the Note under <er>Color</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 8.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Explicit; clear; unambiguous. See <er>Explicit</er>.</syn>

<h1>Express</h1>
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<hw>Ex*press"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>expr\'8as</ets> a messenger.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A clear image or representation; an expression; a plain declaration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The only remanent <b>express</b> of Christ's sacrifice on earth.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A messenger sent on a special errand; a courier; hence, a regular and fast conveyance; commonly, a company or system for the prompt and safe transportation of merchandise or parcels; also, a railway train for transporting passengers or goods with speed and punctuality.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An express office.</def>

<blockquote>She charged him . . . to ask at the <b>express</b> if anything came up from town.
<i>E. E. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is sent by an express messenger or message.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Eikon Basilike.</i>

<cs><col>Express office</col>, <cd>an office where packages for an express are received or delivered.</cd></cs>

<h1>Express</h1>
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<hw>Ex*press"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Expressed</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Expressing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>espresser</ets>, <ets>expresser</ets>, L. <ets>exprimere</ets>, <ets>expressum</ets>. See <er>Express</er>,<tt>a.</tt>; cf. <er>Sprain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To press or squeeze out; <as>as, to <ex>express</ex> the juice of grapes, or of apples</as>; hence, to extort; to elicit.</def>

<blockquote>All the fruits out of which drink is <b>expressed</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And th'idle breath all utterly <b>expressed</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Halters and racks can not <b>express</b> from thee
More than by deeds.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make or offer a representation of; to show by a copy or likeness; to represent; to resemble.</def>

<blockquote>Each skillful artist shall <b>express</b> thy form.
<i>E. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So kids and whelps their sires and dams <b>express</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give a true impression of; to represent and make known; to manifest plainly; to show in general; to exhibit, as an opinion or feeling, by a look, gesture, and esp. by language; to declare; to utter; to tell.</def>

<blockquote>My words <b>express</b> my purpose.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>expressed</b> in their lives those excellent doctrines of morality.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make known the opinions or feelings of; to declare what is in the mind of; to show (one's self); to cause to appear; -- used reflexively.</def>

<blockquote>Mr. Phillips did <b>express</b> with much indignation against me, one evening.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To denote; to designate.</def>

<blockquote>Moses and Aaron took these men, which are <b>expressed</b> by their names.
<i>Num. i. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> To send by express messenger; to forward by special opportunity, or through the medium of an express; <as>as, to <ex>express</ex> a package</as>.

<syn>Syn. -- To declare; utter; signify; testify; intimate.</syn>

<h1>Expressage</h1>
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<hw>Ex*press"age</hw> <tt>(?;48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The charge for carrying a parcel by express.</def>

<h1>Expressible</h1>
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<hw>Ex*press"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being expressed, squeezed out, shown, represented, or uttered.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Express"i*bly</wf>,<tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Expression</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pres"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expressio</ets>. cf. F. <ets>expression</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of expressing; the act of forcing out by pressure; <as>as, the <ex>expression</ex> of juices or oils</as>; also, of extorting or eliciting; <as>as, a forcible <ex>expression</ex> of truth</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of declaring or signifying; declaration; utterance; <as>as, an <ex>expression</ex> of the public will</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With this tone of philosophy were mingled <b>expressions</b> of sympathy.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lively or vivid representation of meaning, sentiment, or feeling, etc.; significant and impressive indication, whether by language, appearance, or gesture; that manner or style which gives life and suggestive force to ideas and sentiments; <as>as, he reads with <ex>expression</ex>; her performance on the piano has <ex>expression</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The imitators of Shakespeare, fixing their attention on his wonderful power of <b>expression</b>, have directed their imitation to this.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is expressed by a countenance, a posture, a work of art, etc.; look, as indicative of thought or feeling.</def> "The expression of an eye."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>It still wore the majesty of <b>expression</b> so conspicuous in his portraits by the inimitable pencil of Titian.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A form of words in which an idea or sentiment is conveyed; a mode of speech; a phrase; <as>as, a common <ex>expression</ex>; an odd <ex>expression</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The representation of any quantity by its appropriate characters or signs.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Past expression</col>, <col>Beyond expression</col></mcol>, <cd>beyond the power of description. "<i>Beyond expression<i> bright."</cd></cs>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Expressional</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pres"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, or relating to, expression; phraseological; also, vividly representing or suggesting an idea sentiment.</def>

<i>Fized. Hall. Ruskin.</i>

<h1>Expressionless</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pres"sion*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of expression.</def>

<h1>Expressive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*press"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>expressif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Serving to express, utter, or represent; indicative; communicative; -- followed by <i>of</i>; <as>as, words <ex>expressive</ex> of his gratitude</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Each verse so swells <b>expressive</b> of her woes.
<i>Tickell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Full of expression; vividly representing the meaning or feeling meant to be conveyed; significant; emphatic; <as>as, <ex>expressive</ex> looks or words</as>.</def>

<blockquote>You have restrained yourself within the list of too cold an adieu; be more <b>expressive</b> to them.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Through her <b>expressive</b> eyes her soul distinctly spoke.
<i>Littelton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ex*press"ive*ly</wf>,<tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ex*press"ive*ness</wf>,<tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Expressly</h1>
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<hw>Ex*press"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an express manner; in direct terms; with distinct purpose; particularly; <as>as, a book written <ex>expressly</ex> for the young</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The word of the Lord came <b>expressly</b> unto Ezekiel. <i>Ezek. i. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am sent <b>expressly</b> to your lordship.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expressman</h1>
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<hw>Ex*press"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Expressmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A person employed in the express business; also, the driver of a job wagon.</def>

<i>W. D. Howells.</i>

<h1>Expressness</h1>
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<hw>Ex*press"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being express; definiteness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Expressure</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pres"sure</hw> <tt>(?;135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of expressing; expression; utterance; representation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>An operation more divine
Than breath or pen can give <b>expressure</b> to.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exprobrate</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pro*brate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exprobratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>exprobrare</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>probrum</ets> a shameful or disgraceful act.]</ety> <def>To charge upon with reproach; to upbraid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Exprobration</h1>
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<hw>Ex`pro*bra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exprobration</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exprobration</ets>.]</ety> <def>Reproachful accusation; upbraiding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A fearful <b>exprobration</b> of our unworthiness.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exprobrative, Exprobratory</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex*pro"bra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex*pro"bra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expressing reproach; upbraiding; reproachful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir A. Shirley.</i>

<h1>Expropriate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pro"pri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ex</ets> out, from + <ets>proprius</ets> one's own: cf. F. <ets>exproprier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To put out of one's possession; to surrender the ownership of; also, to deprive of possession or proprietary rights.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<blockquote><b>Expropriate</b> these [bad landlords] as the monks were <b>expropriated</b> by Act of Parliament.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expropriation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pro`pri*a"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>expropriation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of expropriating; the surrender of a claim to exclusive property; the act of depriving of ownership or proprietary rights.</def>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>expropriation</b> of bad landlords.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expugn</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pugn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expugnare</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>pugnare</ets> to fight, <ets>pugna</ets> fight. Cf. <er>Impugn</er>.]</ety> <def>To take by assault; to storm; to overcome; to vanquish; <as>as, to <ex>expugn</ex> cities; to <ex>expugn</ex> a person by arguments.</as></def>

<h1>Expugnable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pug"nable</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Expugnabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being expugnded.</def>

<h1>Expugnation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`pug*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expugnatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of taking by assault; conquest.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Expugner</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pugn"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who expugns.</def>

<h1>Expulse</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pulse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>expulser</ets> or L. <ets>expulsare</ets>, intens. fr. <ets>expellere</ets>. See <er>Expel</er>.]</ety> <def>To drive out; to expel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If charity be thus excluded and <b>expulsed</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expulser</h1>
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<hw>Ex*puls"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An expeller.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Expulsion</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pul"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expulsio</ets>, fr. <ets>expellere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>expulsion</ets>. See <er>Expel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of expelling; a driving or forcing out; summary removal from membership, association, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>expulsion</b> of the Tarquins.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being expelled or driven out.</def>

<h1>Expulsive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pul"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>expulsif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the power of driving out or away; serving to expel.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>expulsive</b> power of a new affection.
<i>Chalmers.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Expunction</h1>
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<hw>Ex*punc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expunctio</ets> execution, performance, from <ets>expungere</ets>. See <er>Expunge</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of expunging or erasing; the condition of being expunged.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Expunge</h1>
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<hw>Ex*punge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Expunged</er><tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Expunging</er><tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>expungere</ets>, <ets>expunctum</ets>, prick out, expunge, settle an account, execute; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>pungere</ets> to prick, puncture. See <er>Pungent.</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To blot out, as with pen; to rub out; to efface designedly; to obliterate; to strike out wholly; <as>as, to <ex>expunge</ex> words, lines, or sentences</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strike out; to wipe out or destroy; to annihilate; <as>as, to <ex>expugne</ex> an offense</as>.</def>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<blockquote><b>Expugne</b> the whole, or lop th' excrescent parts.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To efface; erase; obliterate; strike out; destroy; annihilate; cancel.</syn>

<h1>Expurgate</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pur*gate</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Expurgated</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Expurgating</er><tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>expurgatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>expurgare</ets> to purge, purify; <ets>ex</ets> out, from + <ets>purgare</ets> to cleanse, purify, purge. See <er>Purge</er>, and cf. <er>Spurge</er>.]</ety> <def>To purify; to clear from anything noxious, offensive, or erroneous; to cleanse; to purge; <as>as, to <ex>expurgate</ex> a book</as>.</def>

<h1>Expurgation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`pur*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>expurgatio</ets> justification, excuse: cf. F. <ets>expurgation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of expurgating, purging, or cleansing; purification from anything noxious, offensive, sinful, or erroneous.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Expurgator</h1>
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<hw>Ex"pur*ga`tor</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who expurgates or purifies.</def>

<h1>Expurgatorial</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pur`ga*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending or serving to expurgate; expurgatory.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Expurgatorious</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pur`ga*to"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expurgatory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Expurgatorious</i> indexes."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Expurgatory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*pur"ga*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>expurgatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to purify from anything noxious or erroneous; cleansing; purifying.</def> "<i>Expurgatory</i> animadversions."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<cs><col>Expurgatory Index</col>. <cd>See <cref>Index Expurgatorius</cref>, under <er>Index</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Expurge</h1>
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<hw>Ex*purge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>espurgier</ets>. See <er>Expurgate</er>.]</ety> <def>To purge away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Exquire</h1>
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<hw>Ex*quire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exquirere</ets>. See <er>Exquisite</er>.]</ety> <def>To search into or out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Exquisite</h1>
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<hw>Ex"qui*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exquisitus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>exquirere</ets> to search out; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>quarere</ets> to seek, search. See <er>Quest</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Carefully selected or sought out; hence, of distinguishing and surpassing quality; exceedingly nice; delightfully excellent; giving rare satisfaction; <as>as, <ex>exquisite</ex> workmanship</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Plate of rare device, and jewels
Of reach and <b>exquisite</b> form.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have no <b>exquisite</b> reason for 't, but I have reason good enough.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exceeding; extreme; keen; -- used in a bad or a good sense; <as>as, <ex>exquisite</ex> pain or pleasure</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of delicate perception or close and accurate discrimination; not easy to satisfy; exact; nice; fastidious; <as>as, <ex>exquisite</ex> judgment, taste, or discernment</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His books of Oriental languages, wherein he was <b>exquisite</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Nice; delicate; exact; refined; choice; rare; matchless; consummate; perfect.</syn>

<h1>Exquisite</h1>
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<hw>Ex"qui*site</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who manifests an exquisite attention to external appearance; one who is overnice in dress or ornament; a fop; a dandy.</def>

<h1>Exquisitely</h1>
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<hw>Ex"qui*site*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an exquisite manner or degree; <as>as, lace <ex>exquisitely</ex> wrought</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To a sensitive observer there was something <b>exquisitely</b> painful in it.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exquisiteness</h1>
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<hw>Ex"qui*site*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being exquisite.</def>

<h1>Exquisitive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*quis"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Eager to discover or learn; curious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Todd</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*quis"i*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Exsanguine</h1>
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<hw>Ex*san"guine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bloodless.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Exsanguineous</h1>
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<hw>Ex`san*guin"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of blood; an\'91mic; exsanguious.</def>

<h1>Exsanguinity</h1>
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<hw>Ex`san*guin"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Privation or destitution of blood; -- opposed to <i>plethora</i>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Exsanguinous</h1>
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<hw>Ex*san"gui*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Exsanguious</er>.</def>

<h1>Exsanguious</h1>
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<hw>Ex*san"gui*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exsanguis</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>sanguis</ets>, <ets>sanguinis</ets>, blood. Cf. <er>Exsanguineous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of blood.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Destitute of true, or red, blood, as insects.</def>

<h1>Exscind</h1>
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<hw>Ex*scind"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exscinded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exscinding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exscindere</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out, from + <ets>scindere</ets> to cut.]</ety> <def>To cut off; to separate or expel from union; to extirpate.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<blockquote>The second presbytery of Philadelphia was also <b>exscinded</b> by that Assembly.
<i>Am. Cyc.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exscribe</h1>
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<hw>Ex*scribe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>excribere</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out, from + <ets>scribere</ets> to write.]</ety> <def>To copy; to transcribe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Exscript</h1>
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<hw>Ex"script</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exscriptus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>exscribere</ets>.]</ety> <def>A copy; a transcript.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Exscriptural</h1>
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<hw>Ex*scrip"tur*al</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ex-+scriptural</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not in accordance with the doctrines of Scripture; unscriptural.</def>

<h1>Exscutellate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*scu"tel*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ex-</ets> + <ets>scutellate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without, or apparently without, a scutellum; -- said of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Exsect</h1>
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<hw>Ex*sect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exsectio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cutting out or away.</def>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The removal by operation of a portion of a limb; particularly, the removal of a portion of a bone in the vicinity of a joint; the act or process of cutting out.</def>

<h1>Exsert, Exserted</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex*sert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex*sert"ed</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exsertus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>exserere</ets> to stretch out or forth. See <er>Exert</er>.]</ety> <def>Standing out; projecting beyond some other part; <as>as, <ex>exsert</ex> stamens</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A small portion of the basal edge of the shell <b>exserted</b>.
<i>D. H. Barnes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exsertile</h1>
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<hw>Ex*sert"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Capable of being thrust out or protruded.</def>

<i>J. Fleming.</i>

<h1>Exsiccant</h1>
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<hw>Ex*sic"cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exsiccans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>exsiccare</ets>. See <er>Exsiccate</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of drying up; causing a drying up.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An exsiccant medicine.</def></def2>

<h1>Exsiccate</h1>
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<hw>Ex"sic*cate</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exsiccated</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exsiccating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exsiccatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>exsiccare</ets> to dry up; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>siccare</ets> to make dry, <ets>siccus</ets> dry.]</ety> <def>To exhaust or evaporate moisture from; to dry up.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Exsiccation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`sic*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exsiccatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exsiccation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of operation of drying; evaporation or expulsion of moisture; state of being dried up; dryness.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Exsiccative</h1>
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<hw>Ex*sic"ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to make dry; having the power of drying.</def>

<h1>Exsiccator</h1>
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<hw>Ex"sic*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for drying substances or preserving them from moisture; a desiccator; also, less frequently, an agent employed to absorb moisture, as calcium chloride, or concentrated sulphuric acid.</def>

<h1>Exsiliency</h1>
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<hw>Ex*sil"i*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exsiliens</ets> leaping out, p.pr. of <ets>exsilire</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>salire</ets> to leap.]</ety> <def>A leaping out.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Latham.</i>

<h1>Exsolution</h1>
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<hw>Ex`so*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exsolutio</ets> a release.]</ety> <def>Relaxation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Richardson (Dict. ).</i>

<h1>Exspoliation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*spo`li*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exspoliatio</ets>, fr. <ets>exspoliare</ets> to spoil, to plunder; <ets>ex</ets> out, from + <ets>spoliare</ets>. See <er>Spoliate</er>.]</ety> <def>Spoliation.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Exspuition</h1>
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<hw>Ex`spu*i"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exspuitio</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>spuere</ets> to spit: cf. F. <ets>exspuition</ets>.]</ety> <def>A discharge of saliva by spitting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Exsputory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*spu"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Spit out, or as if spit out.</def> "<i>Exsputory</i> lines."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Exstipulate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*stip"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ex-</ets> + <ets>stipulate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having no stipules.</def>

<i>Martyn.</i>

<h1>Exstrophy</h1>
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<hw>Ex"stro*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to turn inside out; <?/ = <?/ out + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The eversion or turning out of any organ, or of its inner surface; <as>as, <ex>exstrophy</ex> of the eyelid or of the bladder</as>.</def>

<h1>Exsuccous</h1>
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<hw>Ex*suc"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exsuccus</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>succus</ets> juice.]</ety> <def>Destitute of juice; dry; sapless. <i>Latham</i>.</def>

<h1>Exsuction</h1>
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<hw>Ex*suc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exsugere</ets>, <ets>exsuctum</ets>, to suck out; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>sugere</ets> to suck: cf. F. <ets>exsuccion</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of sucking out.</def>

<h1>Exsudation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`su*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Exudation.</def>

<h1>Exsufflate</h1>
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<hw>Ex`suf*flate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exsufflare</ets> to blow at or upon; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>sufflare</ets>. See <er>Sufflate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccles.)</fld> <def>To exorcise or renounce by blowing.</def>

<h1>Exsufflation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`suf*fla"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>exsufflatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A blast from beneath.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccles.)</fld> <def>A kind of exorcism by blowing with the breath.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A strongly forced expiration of air from the lungs.</def>

<h1>Exsufflicate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*suf"fli*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Empty; frivolous.</def> <mark>[<it>A Shakespearean word only once used.</it>]</mark>

<blockquote>Such <b>exsufflicate</b> and blown surmises.
<i>Shak. (Oth. iii. 3, 182).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exsuscitate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*sus"ci*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exsuscitatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>exsuscitare</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>suscitare</ets>. See <er>Suscitate</er>.]</ety> <def>To rouse; to excite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Exsuscitation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*sus`ci*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exsuscitatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A stirring up; a rousing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hallywell.</i>

<h1>Extacy</h1>
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<hw>Ex"ta*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ecstasy</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Extance</h1>
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<hw>Ex"tance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extantia</ets>, <ets>exstantia</ets>, a standing out, fr. <ets>exstans</ets>, p.pr. See <er>Extant</er>.]</ety> <def>Outward existence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Extancy</h1>
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<hw>Ex"tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extantia</ets>, <ets>exstantia</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of rising above others; a projection.</def>

<i>Evelyn. Boyle.</i>

<h1>Extant</h1>
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<hw>Ex"tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, or <ets>exstans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>extare</ets>, <ets>exstare</ets>, to stand out or forth; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>stare</ets> to stand: cf. F. <ets>extant</ets>. <ets>See</ets> <er>Stand</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Standing out or above any surface; protruded.</def>

<blockquote>That part of the teeth which is <i>extant</i> above the gums.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A body partly immersed in a fluid and partly <b>extant</b>.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Still existing; not destroyed or lost; outstanding.</def>

<blockquote>Writings that were <b>extant</b> at that time.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>extant</b> portraits of this great man.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Publicly known; conspicuous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Extasy</h1>
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<hw>Ex"ta*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Ecstasy</er>, <tt>n. & v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Extatic</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Ecstatic</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Extemporal</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tem"po*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extemporalis</ets>, from <ets>ex tempore</ets>.]</ety> <def>Extemporaneous; unpremeditated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ex*tem"po*ral*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Extemporanean</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Extemporaneous.</def> <mark>[Obs]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Extemporaneous</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Extempore</er>.]</ety> <def>Composed, performed, or uttered on the spur of the moment, or without previous study; unpremeditated; off-hand; extempore; extemporary; <as>as, an <ex>extemporaneous</ex> address or production</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ex*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ness</wf>,<tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Extemporarily</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tem"po*ra*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Extemporaneously.</def>

<h1>Extemporary</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tem"po*ra*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Extemporaneous.</def> "In <i>extemporary</i> prayer."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Made for the occasion; for the time being.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Extemporary</i> habitations."

<i>Maundrell.</i>

<h1>Extempore</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tem"po*re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>tempus</ets>, <ets>temporis</ets>, time. See <er>Temporal</er>.]</ety> <def>Without previous study or meditation; without preparation; on the spur of the moment; suddenly; extemporaneously; <as>as, to write or speak <ex>extempore</ex></as>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Done or performed extempore.</def> "<i>Extempore</i> dissertation." <i>Addison.</i> "<i>Extempore</i> poetry." <i>Dryden.</i></def2> --</def> <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Speaking or writing done extempore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Bp. Fell.</i></def2>

<h1>Extemporiness</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tem"po*ri*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being done or devised extempore</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Extemporization</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tem`po*ri*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of extemporizing; the act of doing anything extempore.</def>

<h1>Extemporize</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tem"po*rize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Extemporized</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Extemporizing</er><tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To speak extempore; especially, to discourse without special preparation; to make an offhand address.</def>

<h1>Extemporize</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tem"po*rize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To do, make, or utter extempore or off-hand; to prepare in great haste, under urgent necessity, or with scanty or unsuitable materials; <as>as, to <ex>extemporize</ex> a dinner, a costume, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Themistocles . . . was of all men the best able to <b>extemporize</b> the right thing to be done.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Pitt, of whom it was said that he could <b>extemporize</b> a Queen's speech
<i>Lord Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Extemporizer</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tem"po*ri`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who extemporizes.</def>

<h1>Extend</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Extended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Extending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>extendere</ets>, <ets>extentum</ets>, <ets>extensum</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>tendere</ets> to stretch. See <er>Trend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stretch out; to prolong in space; to carry forward or continue in length; <as>as, to <ex>extend</ex> a line in surveying; to <ex>extend</ex> a cord across the street.</as></def>

<blockquote>Few <b>extend</b> their thoughts toward universal knowledge'.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enlarge, as a surface or volume; to expand; to spread; to amplify; <as>as, to <ex>extend</ex> metal plates by hammering or rolling them</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To enlarge; to widen; to carry out further; <as>as, to <ex>extend</ex> the capacities, the sphere of usefulness, or commerce; to <ex>extend</ex> power or influence</as>; to continue, as time; to lengthen; to prolong; <as>as, to <ex>extend</ex> the time of payment or a season of trail</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To hold out or reach forth, as the arm or hand.</def>

<blockquote>His helpless hand <b>extend</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To bestow; to offer; to impart; to apply; <as>as, to <ex>extend</ex> sympathy to the suffering</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To increase in quantity by weakening or adulterating additions; <as>as, to <ex>extend</ex> liquors</as>.</def>

<i>G. P. Burnham.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To value, as lands taken by a writ of extent in satisfaction of a debt; to assign by writ of extent.</def>

<cs><col>Extended letter</col> <fld>(Typog.)</fld>, <cd>a letter, or style of type, having a broader face than is usual for a letter or type of the same height.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; <extendedtype>This is extended type.</extendedtype></note>

<syn>Syn. -- To increase; enlarge; expand; widen; diffuse. See <er>Increase</er>.</syn>

<h1>Extendant</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tend"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Displaced.</def>

<i>Ogilvie.</i>

<h1>Extendedly</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tend"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an extended manner.</def>

<h1>Extender</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tend"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, extends or stretches anything.</def>

<h1>Extendible</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tend"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being extended, susceptible of being stretched, extended, enlarged, widened, or expanded.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Liable to be taken by a writ of extent.</def>

<h1>Extendlessness</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tend"less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Unlimited extension.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>An . . . <b>extendlessness</b> of excursions.
<i>Sir. M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Extense</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tense"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extensus</ets>, p.p. See <er>Extend</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Outreaching; expansive; extended, superficially or otherwise.</def>

<blockquote>Men and gods are too <b>extense</b>;
Could you slacken and condense?
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Extensibility</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ten`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being extensible; the capacity of being extended; <as>as, the <ex>extensibility</ex> of a fiber, or of a plate of metal</as>.</def>

<h1>Extensible</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ten"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>extensible</ets>. See <er>Extend</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being extended, whether in length or breadth; susceptible of enlargement; extensible; extendible; -- the opposite of <i>contractible</i> or <i>compressible</i>.</def> "An <i>extensible</i> membrane"

<i>Holder.</i>

<h1>Extensibleness</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ten"si*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Extensibility.</def>

<h1>Extensile</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ten"sile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suited for, or capable of, extension; extensible.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Extension</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ten"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extensio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>extension</ets>. See <er>Extend</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of extending or the state of being extended; a stretching out; enlargement in breadth or continuation of length; increase; augmentation; expansion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That property of a body by which it occupies a portion of space.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Logic & Metaph.)</fld> <def>Capacity of a concept or general term to include a greater or smaller number of objects; -- correlative of <i>intension</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The law is that the intension of our knowledge is in the inverse ratio of its <b>extension</b>.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>extension</b> of [the term] plant is greater than that of geranium, because it includes more objects.
<i>Abp. Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of stretching a broken bone so as to bring the fragments into the same straight line.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The straightening of a limb, in distinction from <i>flexion</i>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A written engagement on the part of a creditor, allowing a debtor further time to pay a debt.</def>

<cs><col>Counter extension</col>. <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Counter</er>.</cd> -- <col>Extension table</col>, <cd>a table so constructed as to be readily extended or contracted in length.</cd></cs>

<h1>Extensional</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ten"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having great extent.</def>

<h1>Extensionist</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ten"sion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who favors or advocates extension.</def>

<h1>Extensive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ten"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extensivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>extensif</ets>. See <er>Extend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having wide extent; of much superficial extent; expanded; large; broad; wide; comprehensive; <as>as, an <ex>extensive</ex> farm; an <ex>extensive</ex> lake; an <ex>extensive</ex> sphere of operations; <ex>extensive</ex> benevolence; <ex>extensive</ex> greatness.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being extended.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Silver beaters choose the finest coin, as that which is most <b>extensive</b> under the hammer.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Extensively</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ten"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>To a great extent; widely; largely; <as>as, a story is <ex>extensively</ex> circulated</as>.</def>

<h1>Extensiveness</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ten"sive*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being extensive; wideness; largeness; extent; diffusiveness.</def>

<h1>Extensometer</h1>
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<hw>Ex`ten*som"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Extens</ets>ion + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the extension of a body, especially for measuring the elongation of bars of iron, steel, or other material, when subjected to a tensile force.</def>

<h1>Extensor</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ten"sor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., one who stretches. See <er>Extend</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which serves to extend or straighten any part of the body, as an arm or a finger; -- opposed to <i>flexor</i>.</def>

<h1>Extensure</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ten"sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Extension.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Extent</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extentus</ets>, p. p.  of <ets>extendere</ets>. See <er>Extend</er>.]</ety> <def>Extended.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Extent</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tent"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extentus</ets>, fr. <ets>extendere</ets>. See <er>Extend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Space or degree to which a thing is extended; hence, superficies; compass; bulk; size; length; <as>as, an <ex>extent</ex> of country or of line; <ex>extent</ex> of information or of charity.</as></def>

<blockquote>Life in its large <b>extent</b> is scare a span.
<i>Cotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Degree; measure; proportion.</def> "The <i>extent</i> to which we can make ourselves what we wish to be."

<i>Lubbock.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A peculiar species of execution upon debts due to the crown, under which the lands and goods of the debtor may be seized to secure payment.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A process of execution by which the lands and goods of a debtor are valued and delivered to the creditor.</def>

<h1>Extenuate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ten"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Extenuated</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Extenuating</er><tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>extenuatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>extenuare</ets> to make thin, loosen, weaken; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>tenuare</ets> to make thin, <ets>tenuis</ets> thin. See <er>Tenuity</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make thin or slender; to draw out so as to lessen the thickness.</def>

<blockquote>His body behind the head becomes broad, from whence it is again <b>extenuated</b> all the way to the tail.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lessen; to palliate; to lessen or weaken the force of; to diminish the conception of, as crime, guilt, faults, ills, accusations, etc.; -- opposed to <i>aggravate</i>.</def>

<blockquote>But fortune there <b>extenuates</b> the crime.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let us <b>extenuate</b>, conceal, adorn the unpleasing reality.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lower or degrade; to detract from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Who can <b>extenuate</b> thee?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To palliate; to mitigate. See <er>Palliate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Extenuate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ten"u*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become thinner; to make excuses; to advance palliating considerations.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Extenuate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ten"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extenuatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Thin; slender.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Huloet.</i>

<h1>Extenuation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ten`u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extenuatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ext\'82nuation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of axtenuating or the state of being extenuated; the act of making thin, slender, or lean, or of palliating; diminishing, or lessening; palliation, as of a crime; mitigation, as of punishment.</def>

<blockquote>To listen . . . to every <b>extenuation</b> of what is evil.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Extenuator</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ten"u*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who extenuates.</def>

<h1>Extenuatory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ten"u*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>extenuatorius</ets> attenuating.]</ety> <def>Tending to extenuate or palliate.</def>

<i>Croker.</i>

<h1>Exterior</h1>
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<hw>Ex*te"ri*or</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exterior</ets>, compar. of <ets>exter</ets> or <ets>exterus</ets> on the outside, outward, foreign, strange, a compar. fr. <ets>ex</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ext\'82rieur</ets>. See <er>Ex<?/</er>, and cf. <er>Extreme</er>, <er>Interior</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>External; outward; pertaining to that which is external; -- opposed to <i>interior</i>; <as>as, the <ex>exterior</ex> part of a sphere</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sith nor the <b>exterior</b> nor the inward man
Resemble that it was.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>External; on the outside; without the limits of; extrinsic; <as>as, an object <ex>exterior</ex> to a man, opposed to what is within, or in his mind</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Without <b>exterior</b> help sustained.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Relating to foreign nations; foreign; <as>as, the <ex>exterior</ex> relations of a state or kingdom</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Exterior angle</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the angle included between any side of a triangle or polygon and the prolongation of the adjacent side; also, an angle included between a line crossing two parallel lines and either of the latter on the outside.</cd> -- <col>Exterior side</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>the side of the polygon upon which a front of fortification is formed.</cd></cs>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<note>See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Ravelin</er>.</note>

<h1>Exterior</h1>
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<hw>Ex*te"ri*or</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The outward surface or part of a thing; that which is external; outside.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Outward or external deportment, form, or ceremony; visible act; <as>as, the <ex>exteriors</ex> of religion</as>.</def>

<h1>Exteriority</h1>
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<hw>Ex*te`ri*or"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ext\'82riorit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Surface; superficies; externality.</def>

<h1>Exteriorly</h1>
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<hw>Ex*te"ri*or*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Outwardly; externally; on the exterior.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>They are <b>exteriorly</b> lifelike.
<i>J. H. Morse.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exterminate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ter"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exterminated</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exterminating</er><tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exterminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exterminare</ets> to abolish, destroy, drive out or away; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>terminus</ets> boundary, limit. See <er>Term</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To drive out or away; to expel.</def>

<blockquote>They deposed, <b>exterminated</b>, and deprived him of communion.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To destroy utterly; to cut off; to extirpate; to annihilate; to root out; <as>as, to <ex>exterminate</ex> a colony, a tribe, or a nation; to <ex>exterminate</ex> error or vice.</as></def>

<blockquote>To explode and <b>exterminate</b> rank atheism.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To eliminate, as unknown quantities.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Extermination</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ter`mi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>extermination</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of exterminating; total destruction; eradication; excision; <as>as, the <ex>extermination</ex> of inhabitants or tribes, of error or vice, or of weeds from a field</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Elimination.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Exterminator</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ter"mi*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, exterminates.</def>

<i>Buckle.</i>

<h1>Exterminatory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ter"mi*na*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to extermination; tending to exterminate.</def> "<i>Exterminatory</i> war."

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Extermine</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ter"mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>exterminer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To exterminate; to destroy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Extern</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tern"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>externe</ets>. See <er>External</er>.]</ety> <def>External; outward; not inherent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Extern</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tern"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>externe</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pupil in a seminary who lives without its walls; a day scholar.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Outward form or part; exterior.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>External</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ter"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>externus</ets>, fr. <ets>exter</ets>, <ets>exterus</ets>, on the outside, outward. See <er>Exterior</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Outward; exterior; relating to the outside, as of a body; being without; acting from without; -- opposed to <i>internal</i>; <as>as, the <ex>external</ex> form or surface of a body</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Of all <b>external</b> things, . . .
She [Fancy] forms imaginations, aery shapes.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Outside of or separate from ourselves; <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> separate from the perceiving mind.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Outwardly perceptible; visible; physical or corporeal, as distinguished from mental or moral.</def>

<blockquote>Her virtues graced with <b>external</b> gifts.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not intrinsic nor essential; accidental; accompanying; superficial.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>external</b> circumstances are greatly different.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Foreign; relating to or connected with foreign nations; <as>as, <ex>external</ex> trade or commerce; the <ex>external</ex> relations of a state or kingdom.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Away from the mesial plane of the body; lateral.</def>

<cs><col>External angles</col>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Angle</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>External</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ter"nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something external or without; outward part; that which makes a show, rather than that which is intrinsic; visible form; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>Adam was then no less glorious in his <b>externals</b>
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>God in <b>externals</b> could not place content.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Externalism</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ter"nal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being manifest to the senses; external acts or appearances; regard for externals.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>externalism</b> gave Catholicism a great advantage on all sides.
<i>E. Eggleston.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>That philosophy or doctrine which recognizes or deals only with externals, or objects of sense perception; positivism; phenomenalism.</def>

<h1>Externalistic</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ter`nal*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to externalism</def>

<i>North Am. Rev.</i>

<h1>Externality</h1>
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<hw>Ex`ter*nal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being external; exteriority</def>; <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>separation from the perceiving mind.</def>

<blockquote>Pressure or resistance necessarily supposes <b>externality</b> in the thing which presses or resists.
<i>A. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Externalize</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ter"nal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make external; to manifest by outward form.</def>

<blockquote>Thought <b>externalizes</b> itself in language.
<i>Soyce.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Externally</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ter"nal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an external manner; outwardly; on the outside; in appearance; visibly.</def>

<h1>Externe</h1>
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<hw>Ex`terne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. Cf. <er>Extern</er>.]</ety> <fld>(med.)</fld> <def>An officer in attendance upon a hospital, but not residing in it; esp., one who cares for the out-patients.</def>

<h1>Exterraneous</h1>
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<hw>Ex`ter*ra"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exterraneus</ets>; <ets>es</ets> out + <ets>terra</ets> land.]</ety> <def>Foreign; belonging to, or coming from, abroad.</def>

<h1>Exterritorial</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ter`ri*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ex<?/ + territorial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Beyond the territorial limits; foreign to, or exempt from, the territorial jurisdiction.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*ter`ri*to"ri*al*ly</wf><tt>(#)</tt>,<tt>adv.</tt></wordforms><-- = extraterritorial -->

<h1>Exterritoriality</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ter`ri*to`ri*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being beyond the limits of a country.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being free from the jurisdiction of a country when within its territorial limits.</def>

<h1>Extersion</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ter"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extergere</ets>, <ets>extersum</ets>, to wipe out; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>tergere</ets> to wipe or rub off.]</ety> <def>The act of wiping or rubbing out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Extill</h1>
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<hw>Ex*till"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Extilled</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Extilling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>extillare</ets>, <ets>exstillare</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>stillare</ets> to drop, <ets>stilla</ets> drop.]</ety> <def>To drop or distill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Extillation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`til*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Distillation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>An exudation or <b>extillation</b> of petrifying juices.
<i>Derham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Extimulate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tim"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extimulatus</ets>, <ets>exstimulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>extimulare</ets>, <ets>exstimulare</ets>, to goad. See <er>Stimulate</er>.]</ety> <def>To stimulate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Extimulation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tim`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Stimulation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Things insipid, and without any <b>extimulation</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Extinct</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tinct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extinctus</ets>, <ets>exstinctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>extinguere</ets>, <ets>exstinguere</ets>. See <er>Extinguish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Extinguished; put out; quenched; <as>as, a fire, a light, or a lamp, is <ex>extinct</ex>; an <ex>extinct</ex> volcano.</as></def>

<blockquote>Light, the prime work of God, to me is <b>extinct</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without a survivor; without force; dead; <as>as, a family becomes <ex>extinct</ex>; an <ex>extinct</ex> feud or law.</as></def>

<h1>Extinct</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tinct"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to be extinct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Extinction</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tinc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extinctio</ets>, <ets>exstinction</ets>: cf. F. <ets>extinction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of extinguishing or making extinct; a putting an end to; the act of putting out or destroying light, fire, life, activity, influence, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>State of being extinguished or of ceasing to be; destruction; suppression; <as>as, the <ex>extinction</ex> of life, of a family, of a quarrel, of claim</as>.</def>

<h1>Extine</h1>
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<hw>Ex"tine</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exter</ets> on the outside. Cf. <er>Intine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>The outer membrane of the grains of pollen of flowering plants.</def>

<h1>Extinguish</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tin"guish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Extinguished</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Extinguishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>extinguere</ets>, <ets>exstinguere</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>stinguere</ets> to quench. See <er>Distinguish</er>, <er>Finish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To quench; to put out, as a light or fire; to stifle; to cause to die out; to put an end to; to destroy; <as>as, to <ex>extinguish</ex> a flame, or life, or love, or hope, a pretense or a right</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A light which the fierce winds have no power to <b>extinguish</b>.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This <b>extinguishes</b> my right to the reversion.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To obscure; to eclipse, as by superior splendor.</def>

<blockquote>Natural graces that <b>extinguish</b> art.
<i>Shak</i></blockquote>.

<h1>Extinguishable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tin"guish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being quenched, destroyed, or suppressed.</def>

<h1>Extinguisher</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tin"guish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, extinguishes; esp., a hollow cone or other device for extinguishing a flame, as of a torch or candle.</def>

<h1>Extinguishment</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tin"guish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of extinguishing, putting out, or quenching, or the state of being extinguished; extinction; suppression; destruction; nullification; <as>as, the <ex>extinguishment</ex> of fire or flame, of discord, enmity, or jealousy, or of love or affection</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The annihilation or extinction of a right or obligation.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Extirp</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tirp"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>extirper</ets>.]</ety> <def>To extirpate</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It is impossible to <b>extirp</b> it quite, friar.
<i>Shak</i></blockquote>.

<h1>Extirpable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tir"pa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being extirpated or eradicated; <as>as, an <ex>extirpable</ex> plant</as>.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Extirpate</h1>
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<hw>Ex"tir*pate</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Extirpated</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Extirpating</er><tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>extirpatus</ets>, <ets>exstirpatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>extirpare</ets>, <ets>exstirpare</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>strips</ets> stock, stem, root.]</ety> <def>To pluck up by the stem or root; to root out; to eradicate, literally or figuratively; to destroy wholly; <as>as, to <ex>extirpate</ex> weeds; to <ex>extirpate</ex> a tumor; to <ex>extirpate</ex> a sect; to <ex>extirpate</ex> error or heresy.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To eradicate; root out; destroy; exterminate; annihilate; extinguish.</syn>

<h1>Extirpation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tir*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extirpatio</ets>, <ets>exstirpatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>extirpation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of extirpating or rooting out, or the state of being extirpated; eradication; excision; total destruction; <as>as, the <ex>extirpation</ex> of weeds from land, of evil from the heart, of a race of men, of heresy</as>.</def>

<h1>Extirpative</h1>
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<hw>Ex"tir*pa*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of rooting out, or tending to root out.</def>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Extirpator</h1>
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<hw>Ex"tir*pa`tor</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extirpator</ets>, <ets>exstirpator</ets>: cf. F. <ets>extirpateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who extirpates or roots out; a destroyer.</def>

<h1>Extirpatory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tir"pa*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Extirpative.</def>

<h1>Extirper</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tirp"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Extirpator.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Extispicious</h1>
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<hw>Ex`ti*spi"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extispicium</ets> an inspection of the inwards for divination; <ets>extra</ets> the entrails + <ets>specer</ets> to look at.]</ety> <def>Relating to the inspection of entrails for prognostication.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Extogenous</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exter</ets> outward + <ets><?/genous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Exogenous.</def>

<h1>Extol</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tol"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Extolled</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Extolling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>extollere</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>tollere</ets> to lift, take up, or raise: cf. OF. <ets>extoller</ets>. See <er>Tollerate</er>, and cf. <er>Flate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place on high; to lift up; to elevate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Who <b>extolled</b> you in the half-crown boxes,
Where you might sit and muster all the beauties.
<i>Beau.<?/ Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To elevate by praise; to eulogize; to praise; to magnify; <as>as, to <ex>extol</ex> virtue; to <ex>extol</ex> an act or a person.</as></def>

<blockquote>Wherein have I so deserved of you,
That you <b>extol</b> me thus?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To praise; applaud; commend; magnify; celebrate; laud; glorify. See <er>Praise</er>.</syn>

<h1>Extoller</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tol"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>One who extols; one who praises.</def>

<h1>Extolment</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tol"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Praise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Extorsive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tor"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Extort</er>.]</ety> <def>Serving or tending to extort. <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Johnson.</i></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*tor"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Extort</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tort"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Extorted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Extorting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>extortus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>extorquere</ets> to twist or wrench out, to extort; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>torquere</ets> to turn about, twist. See <er>Torsion</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wrest from an unwilling person by physical force, menace, duress, torture, or any undue or illegal exercise of power or ingenuity; to wrench away (from); to tear away; to wring (from); to exact; <as>as, to <ex>extort</ex> contributions from the vanquished; to <ex>extort</ex> confessions of guilt; to <ex>extort</ex> a promise; to <ex>extort</ex> payment of a debt.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To get by the offense of extortion. See <er>Extortion</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Extort</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tort"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To practice extortion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Extort</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tort"</hw>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extortus</ets>. p. p.]</ety> <def>Extorted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Extorter</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tort"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices extortion.</def>

<h1>Extortion</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tor"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>extorsion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of extorting; the act or practice of wresting anything from a person by force, by threats, or by any undue exercise of power; undue exaction; overcharge.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The offense committed by an officer who corruptly claims and takes, as his fee, money, or other thing of value, that is not due, or more than is due, or before it is due.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is extorted or exacted by force.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Oppression; rapacity; exaction; overcharge.</syn>

<h1>Extortionary</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tor"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Extortionate.</def>

<h1>Extortionate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tor"tion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by extortion; oppressive; hard.</def>

<h1>Extortioner</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tor"tion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt><def>, One who practices extortion.</def>

<h1>Extortious</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tor"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Extortionate. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Extortious</i> cruelties." <i>Bp. Hall</i></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*tor"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Extra-</h1>
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<hw>Ex"tra-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>exter</ets>. See <er>Exterior</er>.]</ety> <def>A Latin preposition, denoting <i>beyond</i>, <i>outside of</i>; -- often used in composition as a prefix signifying <i>outside of</i>, <i>beyond</i>, <i>besides</i>, or <i>in addition to</i> what is denoted by the word to which it is prefixed.</def>

<h1>Extra</h1>
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<hw>Ex"tra</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Beyond what is due, usual, expected, or necessary; additional; supernumerary; also, extraordinarily good; superior; <as>as, <ex>extra</ex> work; <ex>extra</ex> pay.</as></def> "By working <i>extra</i> hours."

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Extra</h1>
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<hw>Ex"tra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Extras</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Something in addition to what is due, expected, or customary; something in addition to the regular charge or compensation, or for which an additional charge is made; <as>as, at European hotels lights are <ex>extras</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Extraarticular</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*ar*tic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated outside of a joint.</def>

<h1>Extraaxillar, Extraaxillary</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex`tra*ax"il*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex`tra*ax"il*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing outside of the axils; <as>as, an <ex>extra-axillary</ex> bud</as>.</def>

<h1>Extrabranchial</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*bran"chi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Outside of the branchial arches; -- said of the cartilages thus placed in some fishes.</def>

<h1>Extracapsular</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*cap"su*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated outside of a capsule, esp. outside the capsular ligament of a joint.</def>

<h1>Extract</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tract"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Extracted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Extracting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>extractus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>extrahere</ets> to extract; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>trahere</ets> to draw. See <er>Trace</er>, and cf. <er>Estreat</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw out or forth; to pull out; to remove forcibly from a fixed position, as by traction or suction, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>extract</ex> a tooth from its socket, a stump from the earth, a splinter from the finger</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The bee
Sits on the bloom <b>extracting</b> liquid sweet.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To withdraw by expression, distillation, or other mechanical or chemical process; <as>as, to <ex>extract</ex> an essence</as>. Cf. <er>Abstract</er>, <i>v. t.</i>, 6.</def>

<blockquote>Sunbeams may be <b>extracted</b> from cucumbers, but the process is tedious.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take by selection; to choose out; to cite or quote, as a passage from a book.</def>

<blockquote>I have <b>extracted</b> out of that pamphlet a few notorious falsehoods.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To extract the root</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>to ascertain the root of a number or quantity.</cd></cs>

<h1>Extract</h1>
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<hw>Ex"tract`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is extracted or drawn out.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A portion of a book or document, separately transcribed; a citation; a quotation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A decoction, solution, or infusion made by drawing out from any substance that which gives it its essential and characteristic virtue; essence; <as>as, <ex>extract</ex> of beef; <ex>extract</ex> of dandelion</as>; also, any substance so extracted, and characteristic of that from which it is obtained; <as>as, quinine is the most important <ex>extract</ex> of Peruvian bark</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A solid preparation obtained by evaporating a solution of a drug, etc., or the fresh juice of a plant; -- distinguished from an <i>abstract</i>. See <er>Abstract</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>A peculiar principle once erroneously supposed to form the basis of all vegetable extracts; -- called also the <altname>extractive principle</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Extraction; descent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A draught or copy of writing; certified copy of the proceedings in an action and the judgement therein, with an order for execution.</def>

<i>Tomlins.</i>

<cs><col>Fluid extract</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a concentrated liquid preparation, containing a definite proportion of the active principles of a medicinal substance. At present a fluid gram of extract should represent a gram of the crude drug.</cd></cs>

<h1>Extractable, Extractible</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex*tract"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex*tract"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being extracted.</def>

<h1>Extractiform</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tract"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having the form, appearance, or nature, of an extract.</def>

<h1>Extraction</h1>
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<hw>Ex*trac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>extraction</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of extracting, or drawing out; <as>as, the <ex>extraction</ex> of a tooth, of a bone or an arrow from the body, of a stump from earth, of a passage from a book, of an essence or tincture</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Derivation from a stock or family; lineage; descent; birth; the stock from which one has descended.</def> "A family of ancient <i>extraction</i>."

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is extracted; extract; essence.</def>

<blockquote>They [books] do preserve as in a vial the purest efficacy and <b>extraction</b> of that living intellect that bred them.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The extraction of roots</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The operation of finding the root of a given number or quantity.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The method or rule by which the operation is performed; evolution.</cd></cs>

<h1>Extractive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tract"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>extractif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being extracted.</def> "Thirty grains of <i>extractive</i> matter."

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tending or serving to extract or draw out.</def>

<blockquote>Certain branches of industry are conveniently designated <b>extractive</b>: <it>e.g.</it>, agriculture, pastoral and mining pursuits, cutting of lumber, etc.
<i>Cairnes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Extractive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tract"ive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything extracted; an extract.</def>

<blockquote><b>Extractives</b>, of which the most constant are urea, kreatin, and grape sugar.
<i>H. N. Martin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A chemical principle once supposed to exist in all extracts</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any one of a large class of substances obtained by extraction, and consisting largely of nitrogenous hydrocarbons, such as xanthin, hypoxanthin, and creatin <i>extractives</i> from muscle tissue.</def>

<h1>Extractor</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tract"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, extracts</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A forceps or instrument for extracting substances</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Breech-loading Firearms)</fld> <def>A device for withdrawing a cartridge or spent cartridge shell from the chamber of the barrel.</def>

<h1>Extradictionary</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*dic"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>extra<?/</ets> + L. <ets>dictio</ets> a saying. See <er>Diction</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting not in words, but in realities.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Of these <b>extradictionary</b> and real fallacies, Aristotle and logicians make in number six.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Extraditable</h1>
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<hw>Ex"tra*di`ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Subject, or liable, to extradition, as a fugitive from justice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Making liable to extradition; <as>as, <ex>extraditable</ex> offenses</as>.</def>

<h1>Extradite</h1>
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<hw>Ex"tra*dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Extradited</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Extraditing</er><tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To deliver up by one government to another, as a fugitive from justice. See <er>Extradition</er>.</def>

<h1>Extradition</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*di"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>traditio</ets> a delivering up: cf. F. <ets>extradition</ets>. See <er>Tradition</er>.]</ety> <def>The surrender or delivery of an alleged criminal by one State or sovereignty to another having jurisdiction to try charge.</def>

<h1>Extrados</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tra"dos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.; pref. <ets>extra<?/</ets> outside + <ets>dos</ets> (L. <ets>dorsum</ets>) the back.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The exterior curve of an arch; esp., the upper curved face of the whole body of voussoirs. See <er>Intrados</er>.</def>

<h1>Extradotal</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*do"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>extra<?/ + dotal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Forming no part of the dowry; <as>as, <ex>extradotal</ex> property</as>.</def>

<h1>Extrafoliaceous</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*fo`li*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>extra + foliaceous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Away from the leaves, or inserted in a different place from them; <as>as, <ex>extrafoliaceous</ex> prickles</as>.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<h1>Extraforaneous</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*fo*ra"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>extra<?/</ets> + L. <ets>foras</ets> out of doors.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to that which is out of doors.</def> "<i>Extr<?/foraneous</i> occupations."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Extrageneous</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*ge"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>extra<?/</ets> + L. <ets>genus</ets> race.]</ety> <def>Belonging to another race or kind.</def>

<h1>Extrajudicial</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*ju*di"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Out of or beyond the proper authority of a court or judge; beyond jurisdiction; not legally required. "An <i>extrajudicial</i> opinion." <i>Hallam.</i></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex`tra*ju*di"cial*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Extralimitary</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*lim"it*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being beyond the limit or bounds; <as>as, <ex>extraliminary</ex> land</as>.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Extralogical</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lying outside of the domain of logic.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex`tra*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Extramission</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sending out; emission.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Extramundane</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*mun"dane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extramundanus</ets>; <ets>extra + mundus</ets> world.]</ety> <def>Beyond the material world.</def> "An <i>extramundane</i> being."

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Extramural</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*mu"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Outside of the walls, as of a fortified or walled city.</def>

<h1>Extraneity</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*ne"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being without or beyond a thing; foreignness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Extraneous</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tra"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extraneus</ets>, from <ets>extra</ets>. See <er>Extra<?/</er>, <er>Strange</er>.]</ety> <def>Not belonging to, or dependent upon, a thing; without or beyond a thing; not essential or intrinsic; foreign; <as>as, to separate gold from <ex>extraneous</ex> matter</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Nothing is admitted <b>extraneous</b> from the indictment.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ex*tra"ne*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Extra-ocular</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra-oc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Inserted exterior to the eyes; -- said of the antenn\'91 of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Extra-official</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra-of*fi"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not prescribed by official duty.</def>

<h1>Extraordinarily</h1>
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<hw>Ex*traor"di*na*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an extraordinary manner or degree.</def>

<h1>Extraordinariness</h1>
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<hw>Ex*traor"di*na*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being extraordinary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gov. of the Tongue.</i>

<h1>Extraordinary</h1>
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<hw>Ex*traor"di*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extraordinarius</ets>; <ets>extra</ets> on the outside + <ets>ordinarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>extraordinaire</ets>. See <er>Ordinary</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Beyond or out of the common order or method; not usual, customary, regular, or ordinary; <as>as, <ex>extraordinary</ex> evils; <ex>extraordinary</ex> remedies.</as></def>

<blockquote>Which dispose
To something <b>extraordinary</b> my thoughts.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exceeding the common degree, measure. or condition; hence, remarkable; uncommon; rare; wonderful; <as>as, <ex>extraordinary</ex> talents or grandeur</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Employed or sent upon an unusual or special service; <as>as, an ambassador <ex>extraordinary</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Extraordinary</h1>
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<hw>Ex*traor"di*na*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Extraordinaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>That which is extraordinary; -- used especially in the plural; <as>as, <ex>extraordinaries</ex> excepted, there is nothing to prevent success</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Their <b>extraordinary</b> did consist especially in the matter of prayers and devotions.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Extraparochial</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*pa*ro"chi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Beyond the limits of a parish.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex`tra*pa*ro"chi*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Extraphysical</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*phys"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not subject to physical laws or methods.</def>

<h1>Extraprofessional</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*pro*fes"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Foreign to a profession; not within the ordinary limits of professional duty or business.</def>

<h1>Extraprovincial</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*pro*vin"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not within of pertaining to the same province or jurisdiction.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Extraregular</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*reg"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not comprehended within a rule or rules.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Extrastapedial</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*sta*pe"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a part of the columella of the ear, which, in many animals, projects beyond the connection with the stapes.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The extrastapedial part of columella.</def></def2>

<h1>Extraterritorial</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*ter`ri*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Beyond the limits of a territory or particular jurisdiction; exterritorial.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex`tra*ter`ri*to"ri*al*ly</wf><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Extraterritoriality</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*ter`ri*to`ri*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being beyond the limits of a particular territory</def>; esp. <fld>(Internat. Law)</fld>, <def>a fiction by which a public minister, though actually in a foreign country, is supposed still to remain within the territory of his own sovereign or nation.</def>

<i>Wheaton.</i>

<h1>Extratropical</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*trop"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Beyond or outside of the tropics.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Extraught</h1>
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<hw>Ex`traught"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Extract</er>. <ety>[Cf. <er>Distraught</er>.]</ety> <def>Extracted; descended.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Knowing whence thou art <b>extraught</b>
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Extra-uterine</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra-u"ter*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat. & Med.)</fld> <def>Outside of the uterus, or womb.</def>

<cs><col>Extra-uterine pregnancy</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a condition of pregnancy in which the fetus is not in the uterus, but in the Fallopian tube or in the abdominal cavity.</cd></cs>

<h1>Extravagance</h1>
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<hw>Ex*trav"a*gance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>extravagance</ets>. See <er>Extravagant</er>, and cf. <er>Extravaganza</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A wandering beyond proper limits; an excursion or sally from the usual way, course, or limit.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being extravagant, wild, or prodigal beyond bounds of propriety or duty; want of moderation; excess; especially, undue expenditure of money; vaid and superfluous expense; prodigality; <as>as, <ex>extravagance</ex> of anger, love, expression, imagination, demands</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Some verses of my own, Maximin and Almanzor, cry vengeance on me for their <b>extravagance</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The income of three dukes was enough to supply her <b>extravagance</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Wildness; irregularity; excess; prodigality; profusion; waste; lavishness; unreasonableness; recklessness.</syn>

<h1>Extravagancy</h1>
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<hw>Ex*trav"a*gan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Extravagancies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Extravagance.</def>

<h1>Extravagant</h1>
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<hw>Ex*trav"a*gant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>extravagant</ets>, fr. L. <ets>extra</ets> on the outside + <ets>vagance</ets>, <ets><?/antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>vagari</ets> to wander, from <ets>vagus</ets> wandering, vague. See <er>Vague</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Wandering beyond one's bounds; roving; hence, foreign.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>extravagant</b> and erring spirit hies
To his confine.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exceeding due bounds; wild; excessive; unrestrained; <as>as, <ex>extravagant</ex> acts, wishes, praise, abuse</as>.</def>

<blockquote>There appears something nobly wild and <b>extravagant</b> in great natural geniuses.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Profuse in expenditure; prodigal; wasteful; <as>as, an <ex>extravagant</ex> man</as>.</def> "<i>Extravagant</i> expense."

<i>Bancroft.</i>

<h1>Extravagant</h1>
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<hw>Ex*trav"a*gant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is confined to no general rule.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>Certain constitutions or decretal epistles, not at first included with others, but subsequently made a part of the canon law.</def>

<h1>Extravagantly</h1>
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<hw>Ex*trav"a*gant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an extravagant manner; wildly; excessively; profusely.</def>

<h1>Extravagantness</h1>
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<hw>Ex*trav"a*gant*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being extravagant or in excess; excess; extravagance.</def>

<h1>Extravaganza</h1>
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<hw>Ex*trav`a*gan"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Extravagance</ets> with an Italian ending: cf. It. <ets>stravaganza</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A composition, as in music, or in the drama, designed to produce effect by its wild irregularity; esp., a musical caricature.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An extravagant flight of sentiment or language.</def>

<h1>Extravagate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*trav"a*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>extra<?/</ets> + L. <ets>vagatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>vagari</ets> to rove. See <er>Extravagant</er>.]</ety> <def>To rove.</def>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Extravagation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*trav`a*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wandering beyond limits; excess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Extravasate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*trav"a*sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Extravasated</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Extravasating</er><tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>extra<?/</ets> + L. <ets>vas</ets> vessel: cf. F. <ets>extravaser</ets>. See <er>Vase</er>.]</ety> <def>To force or let out of the proper vessels or arteries, as blood.</def>

<h1>Extravasation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*trav`a*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>extravasation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of forcing or letting out of its proper vessels or ducts, as a fluid; effusion; <as>as, an <ex>extravasation</ex> of blood after a rupture of the vessels</as>.</def>

<h1>Extravascular</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*vas"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Outside the vessels; -- said of the substance of all the tissues.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Destitute of vessels; non-vascular.</def>

<h1>Extravenate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*trav"e*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>extra<?/</ets> + L. <ets>vena</ets> vein.]</ety> <def>Let out of the veins.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Extravenate</i> blood."

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Extraversion</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tra*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>extra<?/</ets> + L. <ets>vertere</ets>, <ets>versum</ets>, to turn: cf. F. <ets>extraversion</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of throwing out; the state of being turned or thrown out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Extreat</h1>
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<hw>Ex*treat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Estreat</er>, <er>Extract</er>.]</ety> <def>Extraction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Extreme</h1>
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<hw>Ex*treme"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extremus</ets>, superl. of <ets>exter</ets>, <ets>extrus</ets>, on the outside, outward: cf. F. <ets>extr\'88me</ets>. See <er>Exterior</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At the utmost point, edge, or border; outermost; utmost; farthest; most remote; at the widest limit.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Last; final; conclusive; -- said of time; <as>as, the <ex>extreme</ex> hour of life</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The best of worst; most urgent; greatest; highest; immoderate; excessive; most violent; <as>as, an <ex>extreme</ex> case; <ex>extreme</ex> folly.</as></def> "The <i>extremest</i> remedy." <i>Dryden.</i> "<i>Extreme</i> rapidity." <i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<blockquote>Yet <b>extreme</b> gusts will blow out fire.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Radical; ultra; <as>as, <ex>extreme</ex> opinions</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The Puritans or <b>extreme</b> Protestants.
<i>Gladstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Extended or contracted as much as possible; -- said of intervals; <as>as, an <ex>extreme</ex> sharp second; an <ex>extreme</ex> flat forth.</as></def>

<cs><col>Extreme and mean ratio</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the relation of a line and its segments when the line is so divided that the whole is to the greater segment is to the less.</cd> -- <col>Extreme distance</col>. <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Distance</er>., <tt>n.</tt>, 6.</cd> -- <col>Extreme unction</col>. <cd>See under <er>Unction</er>.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; Although this adjective, being superlative in signification, is not properly subject to comparison, the superlative form not unfrequently occurs, especially in the older writers. "Tried in his <i>extremest</i> state." <i>Spenser.</i> "<i>Extremest</i> hardships." <i>Sharp.</i>  "<i>Extremest</i> of evils." <i>Bacon.</i> "<i>Extremest</i> verge of the swift brook." <i>Shak.</i> "The sea's <i>extremest</i> borders." <i>Addison.</i></note>

<h1>Extreme</h1>
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<hw>Ex*treme"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The utmost point or verge; that part which terminates a body; extremity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Utmost limit or degree that is supposable or tolerable; hence, furthest degree; any undue departure from the mean; -- often in the plural: things at an extreme distance from each other, the most widely different states, etc.; <as>as, <ex>extremes</ex> of heat and cold, of virtue and vice; <ex>extremes</ex> meet.</as></def>

<blockquote>His parsimony went to the <b>extreme</b> of meanness.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An extreme state or condition; hence, calamity, danger, distress, etc.</def> "Resolute in most <i>extremes</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Either of the extreme terms of a syllogism, the middle term being interposed between them.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The first or the last term of a proportion or series.</def>

<cs><col>In the extreme</col> <cd>as much as possible.</cd> "The position of the Port was difficult <i>in the extreme<i>."</cs>

<i>J. P. Peters.</i>

<h1>Extremeless</h1>
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<hw>Ex*treme"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no extremes; infinite.</def>

<h1>Extremely</h1>
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<hw>Ex*treme"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an extreme manner or state; in the utmost degree; to the utmost point; exceedingly; <as>as, <ex>extremely</ex> hot or cold</as>.</def>

<h1>Extremist</h1>
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<hw>Ex*trem"ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A supporter of extreme doctrines or practice; one who holds extreme opinions.</def>

<h1>Extremity</h1>
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<hw>Ex*trem"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Extremities</plw>(<?/)</plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>extremitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>extr\'82mit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The extreme part; the utmost limit; the farthest or remotest point or part; <as>as, the <ex>extremities</ex> of a country</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They sent fleets . . . to the <b>extremities</b> of Ethiopia.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of locomotive appendages of an animal; a limb; a leg or an arm of man.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The utmost point; highest degree; most aggravated or intense form.</def> "The <i>extremity</i> of bodily pain."

<i>Ray.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The highest degree of inconvenience, pain, or suffering; greatest need or peril; extreme need; necessity.</def>

<blockquote>Divers evils and <b>extremities</b> that follow upon such a compulsion shall here be set in view.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Upon mere <b>extremity</b> he summoned this last Parliament.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Verge; border; extreme; end; termination.</syn>

<h1>Extricable</h1>
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<hw>Ex"tri*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being extricated.</def>

<i>Sir W. Jones.</i>

<h1>Extricate</h1>
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<hw>Ex"tri*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Extricated</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Extricating</er><tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>extricatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>extricare</ets> to extricate; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>tricae</ets> trifles, impediments, perplexities. Cf. <er>Intricate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To free, as from difficulties or perplexities; to disentangle; to disembarrass; <as>as, to <ex>extricate</ex> a person from debt, peril, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>We had now <b>extricated</b> ourselves from the various labyrinths and defiles.
<i>Eustance.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to be emitted or evolved; <as>as, to <ex>extricate</ex> heat or moisture</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To disentangle; disembarrass; disengage; relieve; evolve; set free; liberate.</syn>

<h1>Extrication</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tri*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of extricating or disentangling; a freeing from perplexities; disentanglement.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of sending out or evolving.</def>

<h1>Extrinsic</h1>
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<hw>Ex*trin"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extrinsecus</ets>; <ets>exter</ets> on the outside + <ets>secus</ets> otherwise, beside; akin to E. <ets>second</ets>: cf. F. <ets>extrins\'8aque</ets>. See <er>Exterior</er>, <er>Second</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not contained in or belonging to a body; external; outward; unessential; -- opposed to <i>intrinsic</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>extrinsic</b> aids of education and of artificial culture.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Attached partly to an organ or limb and partly to some other part<?/ -- said of certain groups of muscles. Opposed to <i>intrinsic</i>.</def>

<h1>Extrinsical</h1>
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<hw>Ex*trin"sic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Extrinsic.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*trin"sic*al*ly</wf><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Extrinsicality, Extrinsicalness</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex*trin`si*cal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex*trin"sic*al*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being extrinsic.</def>

<h1>Extroitive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tro"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extra</ets> on the outside + <ets>ire</ets>, <ets>itum</ets>, to go.]</ety> <def>Seeking or going out after external objects.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><-- extroverted? -->

<blockquote>Their natures being almost wholly <b>extroitive</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Extrorsal</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tror"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Extrorse.</def>

<h1>Extrorse</h1>
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<hw>Ex*trorse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[As if from an assumed L. <ets>extrorsus</ets>, for <ets>extroversus</ets>; <ets>extra</ets> on the outside + <ets>vertere</ets>, <ets>versum</ets>, to turn: cf. F. <ets>extrorse</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Facing outwards, or away from the axis of growth; -- said esp. of anthers occupying the outer side of the filament.</def>

<h1>Extroversion</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tro*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Extrorse</er>.]</ety> <def>The condition of being turned wrong side out; <as>as, <ex>extroversion</ex> of the bladder</as>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Extruct</h1>
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<hw>Ex*truct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extructus</ets>, <ets>exstructus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>extruere</ets>, <ets>exstruere</ets>, to build up; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>struere</ets> to build.]</ety> <def>To construct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Byrom.</i>

<h1>Extruction</h1>
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<hw>Ex*truc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exstructio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A building up; construction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Extructive</h1>
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<hw>Ex*truct"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Constructive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fulke.</i>

<h1>Extructor</h1>
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<hw>Ex*truct"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A builder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Extrude</h1>
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<hw>Ex*trude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Extruded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Extruding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>extrudere</ets>, <ets>extrusum</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>trudere</ets> to thrust, akin to E. <ets>threat</ets>. See <er>Threat</er>.]</ety> <def>To thrust out; to force, press, or push out; to expel; to drive off or away.</def> "Parentheses thrown into notes or <i>extruded</i> to the margin."

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Extrusion</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tru"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of thrusting or pushing out; a driving out; expulsion.</def>

<h1>Extuberance</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tu"ber*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A swelling or rising; protuberance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Moxon.</i>

<h1>Extuberancy</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tu"ber*an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Extuberance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Extuberant</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tu"ber*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extuberare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Swollen out; protuberant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Extuberant</i> lips."

<i>Gayton.</i>

<h1>Extuberate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tu"ber*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extuberatus</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>extuberare</ets> to swell; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>tuber</ets> a swelling.]</ety> <def>To swell out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Extuberation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*tu`ber*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>extuberatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Protuberance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Farindon.</i>

<h1>Extumescence</h1>
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<hw>Ex`tu*mes"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ex</ets>. + <ets>tumescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>tumescere</ets>, incho. fr. <ets>tumere</ets> to swell: cf. F. <ets>extumescence</ets>.]</ety> <def>A swelling or rising.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Exuberance</h1>
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<hw>Ex*u"ber*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exuberantia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exub\'82rance</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being exuberant; an overflowing quantity; a copious or excessive production or supply; superabundance; richness; <as>as, an <ex>exuberance</ex> of joy, of fancy, or of foliage</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Abundance; superabundance; excess; plenty; copiousness; profusion; richness; overflow; overgrowth; rankness; wantonness. See <er>Abundance</er>.</syn>

<h1>Exuberancy</h1>
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<hw>Ex*u"ber*an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, . Exuberance.</def>

<h1>Exuberant</h1>
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<hw>Ex*u"ber*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exuberans</ets>, <ets>exuberantis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>exuberare</ets> to be abundant; <ets>ex + uberare</ets> to be fruitful, fr. <ets>uber</ets> fruitful, fertile, <ets>uber</ets> udder: cf. F. <ets>exub\'82rant</ets>. See <er>Udder</er>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by abundance or superabundance; plenteous; rich; overflowing; copious or excessive in production; <as>as, <ex>exuberant</ex> goodness; an <ex>exuberant</ex> intellect; <ex>exuberant</ex> foliage.</as></def>  "<i>Exuberant</i> spring." <i>Thomson.</i> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*u"ber*ant*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Exuberate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*u"ber*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exuberatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exuberare</ets>. See <er>Exuberant</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To abound; to be in great abundance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Exuccous</h1>
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<hw>Ex*uc"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Exsuccous</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Exudate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*u"date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Exude</er>.]</ety> <def>To exude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Exudation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`u*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of exuding; sweating; a discharge of humors, moisture, juice, or gum, as through pores or incisions; also, the substance exuded.</def>

<blockquote>Resins, a class of proximate principles, existing in almost all plants and appearing on the external surface of many of them in the form of <b>exudations</b>.
<i>Am. Cyc.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exude</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exuded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>exuding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exudare</ets>, <ets>exsudare</ets>, <ets>exudatum</ets>, <ets>exsudatum</ets>, to sweat out; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>sudare</ets> to sweat: cf. F. <ets>exuder</ets>, <ets>exsuder</ets>. See <er>Sweat</er>.]</ety> <def>To discharge through pores or incisions, as moisture or other liquid matter; to give out.</def>

<blockquote>Our forests <b>exude</b> turpentine in . . . abundance.
<i>Dr. T. Dwight.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exude</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ude"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To flow from a body through the pores, or by a natural discharge, as juice.</def>

<h1>Exulcerate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ul"cer*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exulceratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exulcerare</ets> to make sore; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>ulcerare</ets>. See <er>Ulcerate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ulcerate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>exulcerate</i> the lungs."

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To corrode; to fret; to chafe; to inflame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Minds <b>exulcerated</b> in themselves.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exulcerate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ul"cer*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exulceratus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Very sore; ulcerated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Exulceration</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ul`cer*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exulceratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exulc\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ulceration.</def>

<i>Quincy.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fretting; a festering; soreness.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Exulcerative</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ul"cer*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to cause ulcers; exulceratory.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Exulceratory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ul"cer*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exulceratorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exulc\'82ratoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a tendency to form ulcers; rendering ulcerous.</def>

<h1>Exult</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ult"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exulted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exulting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exultare</ets>, <ets>exsultare</ets>, <ets>exultatum</ets>, <ets>exsultatum</ets>, to leap vigorously, to exult, intens. fr. <ets>exsilire</ets> to spring out or up; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>salire</ets> to spring, leap: cf. F. <ets>exulter</ets>. See <er>Salient</er>.]</ety> <def>To be in high spirits; figuratively, to leap for joy; to rejoice in triumph or exceedingly; to triumph; <as>as, an <ex>exulting</ex> heart</as>.</def> "An <i>exulting</i> countenance."

<i>Bancroft.</i>

<blockquote>The dumb shall sing, the lame his crutch forego,
And leap <b>exulting</b> like the bounding roe.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exultance, Exultancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ex*ult"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ex*ult"an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exsultantia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Exultation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton. Hammond.</i>

<h1>Exultant</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ult"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exsultans</ets>, <ets>exsultantis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>exsultare</ets>. See <er>Exult</er>.]</ety> <def>Inclined to exult; characterized by, or expressing, exultation; rejoicing triumphantly.</def>

<blockquote>Break away, <b>exultant</b>, from every defilement.
<i>I. Tay;or.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exultation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`ul*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exsultatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>exultation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of exulting; lively joy at success or victory, or at any advantage gained; rapturous delight; triumph.</def>

<blockquote>His bosom swelled with <b>exultation</b>.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exulting</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ult"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rejoicing triumphantly or exceedingly; exultant.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ex*ult"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Exundate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*un"date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exundatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exundare</ets> to overflow; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>undare</ets>. See <er>Undated</er> waved.]</ety> <def>To overflow; to inundate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Exundation</h1>
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<hw>Ex`un*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exundatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>An overflow, or overflowing abundance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Exungulate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*un"gu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exungulated</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exungulating</er><tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>exungulare</ets> to lose the hoof, <ets>ex</ets> out, from + <ets>ungula</ets>. See <er>Ungula</er>.]</ety> <def>To pare off, as nails, the hoof, etc.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Exuperable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*u"per*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exuperabilis</ets>, <ets>exsuperabilis</ets>. See <er>Exuperate</er>.]</ety> <def>Surmountable; superable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Exuperance</h1>
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<hw>Ex*u"per*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exuperantia</ets>, <ets>exsuperantia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Superiority; superfluity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir K. Digby.</i>

<h1>Exuperant</h1>
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<hw>Ex*u"per*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exuperans</ets>, <ets>exsuperans</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Surpassing; exceeding; surmounting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Exuperate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*u"per*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exuperatus</ets>, <ets>exsuperatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>exuperare</ets>, <ets>exsuperare</ets> to excel; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>superare</ets> to go over, <ets>super</ets> above, over.]</ety> <def>To excel; to surmount.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Exuperation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*u`per*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Exurgent</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of rising or coming into view.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Baxter.</i>

<h1>Exurgent</h1>
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<hw>Ex*ur"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exurgens</ets>, <ets>exsurgens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>exurgere</ets>, <ets>exsurgere</ets>, to rise up; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>surgere</ets> to rise.]</ety> <def>Arising; coming to light.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Exuscitate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*us"ci*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Exsuscitate</er></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Adams.</i>

<h1>Exustion</h1>
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<hw>Ex*us"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>exustio</ets>, fr. <ets>exurere</ets>, <ets>exustum</ets>, to burn up; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>urere</ets> to burn.]</ety> <def>The act or operation of burning up.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Exutory</h1>
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<hw>Ex*u"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>exutoire</ets>. See <er>Exuv<?/e</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An issue.</def>

<h1>Exuvia</h1>
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<hw>Ex*u"vi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>n. sing.</tt> of <er>Exuvi\'91</er>.</def>

<h1>Exuviability</h1>
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<hw>Ex*u`vi*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capability of shedding the skin periodically.</def>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>Exuviable</h1>
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<hw>Ex*u"vi*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>exuviable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being cast off in the form of exuvi\'91.</def>

<h1>Exuvi\'91</h1>
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<hw>Ex*u"vi*\'91</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>exuere</ets> to draw out or off, to pull off.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>Cast skins, shells, or coverings of animals; any parts of animals which are shed or cast off, as the skins of snakes, the shells of lobsters, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The fossil shells and other remains which animals have left in the strata of the earth.</def>

<h1>Exuvial</h1>
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<hw>Ex*u"vi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to exuvi\'91.</def> "<i>Exuvial</i> layers." "<i>Exuvial</i> deposits."

<hr>
<page="534">
Page 534<p>

<h1>Exuviate</h1>
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<hw>Ex*u"vi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Exuviated</er>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Exuviating</er>.]</wordforms> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[From <er>Exuviae</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>To shed an old covering or condition preliminary to taking on a new one; to molt.</def>

<blockquote>There is reason to suppose that very old crayfish do not <b>exuviate</b> every year.
<i>Huxley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Exuviation</h1>
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<hw>Ex*u`vi*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The rejecting or casting off of some part, more particularly, the outer cuticular layer, as the shells of crustaceans, skins of snakes, etc.; molting; ecdysis.</def>

<h1>Ex-voto</h1>
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<hw>Ex`-vo"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>;<plu>pl. <plw>Ex-votos</plw> <tt>(-t\'94z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>ex</ets> out of, in accordance with + <ets>voto</ets>, abl. of <ets>votum</ets> a vow.]</ety> <def>An offering to a church in fulfillment of a vow.</def>

<h1>Ey</h1>
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<hw>Ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[AS.<ets>\'c6g</ets>. Cf.<er>Eyot</er>.]</ety> <def>An island.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ey</h1>
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<hw>Ey</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Eyren</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>See <er>Egg</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ey</h1>
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<hw>Ey</hw>, <def>an <tt>interj.</tt> of wonder or inquiry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Eya-let</h1>
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<hw>E`ya-let"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk.,fr. Ar.<ets>iy\'belah</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formerly, one of the administrative divisions or provinces of the Ottoman Empire; -- now called a <altname>vilayet</altname>.</def>

<h1>Eyas</h1>
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<hw>Ey`as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.<ets>niais</ets> fresh from the nest, a derivative fr. L. <ets>nidus</ets> nest. E. <ets>an eyas</ets> for a <ets>nias</ets>. See <er>Nest</er>, and cf. <er>Nias</er>, <er>Jashawk</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A nesting or unfledged Lird; in falconry, a young hawk from the nest, not able to pr<?/y for itself.</def>

<i>Shak J. H. Walsh</i>

<h1>Eyas</h1>
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<hw>Ey"as</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Jnfledged, or newly fledged.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Like <b>eyas</b> hawk up mounts unto the skies,
His newly budded pinions assay.
<i>Spebser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eyasmusket</h1>
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<hw>Ey"as*mus`ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Eyas</ets> + <ets>muske</ets> the brid.]</ety> <def>An unfledged or young male sparrow hawk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Eye</h1>
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<hw>Eye</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>nye</ets>, <ets>an eye</ets> being for <ets>a nye</ets>. See <er>Nye</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A brood; <as>as, an <ex>eye</ex> of pheasants</as>.</def>

<h1>Eye</h1>
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<hw>Eye</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>eghe</ets>, <ets>eighe</ets>, <ets>eie</ets>, <ets>eye</ets>, AS.  <ets>e\'a0ge</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>\'bege</ets>, OS. <?/<ets>ga</ets>, D. <ets>oog</ets>, Ohg. <ets>ouga</ets>, G. <ets>auge</ets>, Icel. <ets>auga</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'94ga</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'94ie</ets>, Goth. <ets>aug<?/</ets>; cf. OSlav. <ets>oko</ets>, Lish. <ets>akis</ets>, L. <ets>okulus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, eye, <ets><?/</ets>, the two eyes, Skr. <ets>akshi</ets>. <?/10, 212. Cf. <er>Diasy</er>, <er>Ocular</er>, <er>Optic</er>, <er>Eyelet</er>, <er>Ogle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The organ of sight or vision. In man, and the vertebrates generally, it is properly the movable ball or globe in the orbit, but the term often includes the adjacent parts. In most invertebrates the years are immovable ocelli, or compound eyes made up of numerous ocelli. See <er>Ocellus</er>.</def>

<caption><i>Description of illustration</i>: <i>a b</i> Conjunctiva; <i>c</i> Cornea; <i>d</i> Sclerotic; <i>e</i> Choroid; <i>f</i> Cillary Muscle; <i>g</i> Cillary Process; <i>h</i> Iris; <i>i</i> Suspensory Ligament; <i>k</i> Prosterior Aqueous Chamber between <i>h</i> and <i>i</i>; <i>l</i> Anterior Aqueous Chamber; <i>m</i> Crystalline Lens; <i>n</i> Vitreous Humor; <i>o</i> Retina; <i>p</i> Yellow spot; <i>q</i> Center of blind spot; <i>r</i> Artery of Retina in center of the Optic Nerve.</caption>

<note>&hand; The essential parts of the eye are inclosed in a tough outer coat, the <i>sclerotic</i>, to which the muscles moving it are attached, and which in front changes into the transparent cornea. A little way back of cornea, the crystalline lens is suspended, dividing the eye into two unequal cavities, a smaller one in front filled with a watery fluid, the <i>aqueous humor</i>, and larger one behind filled with a clear jelly, the <i>vitreous humor</i>.  The sclerotic is lined with a highly pigmented membrane, the <i>choroid</i>, and this is turn is lined in the back half of the eyeball with the nearly transparent <i>retina</i>, in which the fibers of the optic nerve ramify. The choroid in front is continuous with the <i>iris</i>, which has a contractile opening in the center, the <i>pupil</i>, admitting light to the lens which brings the rays to a focus and forms an image upon the retina, where the light, falling upon delicate structures called <i>rods and cones</i>, causes them to stimulate the fibres of the <i>optic nerve</i> to transmit visual impressions to the brain.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The faculty of seeing; power or range of vision; hence, judgment or taste in the use of the eye, and in judging of objects; <as>as, to have the <ex>eye</ex> of sailor; an <ex>eye</ex> for the beautiful or picturesque.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The action of the organ of sight; sight, look; view; ocular knowledge; judgment; opinion.</def>

<blockquote>In my <b>eye</b>, she is the sweetest lady that I looked on.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The space commanded by the organ of sight; scope of vision; hence, face; front; the presence of an object which is directly opposed or confronted; immediate presence.</def>

<blockquote>We shell express our duty in his <b>eye</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Her shell your hear disproved to her <b>eyes</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Observation; oversight; watch; inspection; notice; attention; regard.</def> "Keep <i>eyes</i> upon her."

<rj><i>Shak.</i></rj>

<blockquote>Booksellers . . . have an <b>eye</b> to their own advantage.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>That which resembles the organ of sight, in form, position, or appearance</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The spots on a feather, as of peacock</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The scar to which the adductor muscle is attached in oysters and other bivalve shells; also, the adductor muscle itself, esp. when used as food, as in the scallop.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The bud or sprout of a plant or tuber; as the <i>eye</i> of a potato</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The center of a target; the bull's-eye</def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A small loop to receive a hook; as hooks and <i>eyes</i> on a dress</def>. <sd>(f)</sd> <def>The hole through the head of a needle</def>. <sd>(g)</sd> <def>A loop forming part of anything, or a hole through anything, to receive a rope, hook, pin, shaft, etc.; as an <i>eye</i> at the end of a tie bar in a bridge truss; as an <i>eye</i> through a crank; an <i>eye</i> at the end of rope.</def> <sd>(h)</sd> <def>The hole through the upper millstone.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>That which resembles the eye in relative importance or beauty</def>. "The very <i>eye</i> of that proverb."

<i>Shak</i>.

<blockquote>Athens, the <b>eye</b> of Greece, mother of arts.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Tinge; shade of color.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Red with an <i>eye</i> of blue makes a purple.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>By the eye</col>, <cd>in abundance.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Marlowe.</i> -- <col>Elliott eye</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a loop in a hemp cable made around a thimble and served.</cd> -- <col>Eye agate</col>, <cd>a kind of circle agate, the central part of which are of deeper tints than the rest of the mass.</cd> <i>Brande & C.</i> -- <col>Eye animalcule</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld>, <cd>a flagellate infusorian belonging to <spn>Euglena</spn> and related genera; -- so called because it has a colored spot like an eye at one end.</cd> -- <col>Eye doctor</col>, <cd>an oculist.</cd> -- <col>Eye of a volute</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the circle in the center of volute.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Eye of day</col>, <col>Eye of the morning</col>, <col>Eye of heaven</col></mcol>, <cd>the sun.</cd> "So gently shuts the <i>eye day</i>." <i>Mrs. Barbauld.</i> -- <col>Eye of a ship</col>, <cd>the foremost part in the bows of a ship, where, formerly, eyes were painted; also, the hawser holes.</cd> <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</ua> -- <col>Half an eye</col>, <cd>very imperfect sight; a careless glance; as, to see a thing with <i>half an eye</i>; often figuratively.</cd> "Those who have but <i>half an eye</i>. " <i>B. Jonson.</i> -- <col>To catch one's eye</col></mcol>, <cd>to attract one's notice.</cd> -- <col>To find favor in the eyes (of)</col>, <cd>to be graciously received and treated.</cd> -- <col>To have an eye to</col>, <cd>to pay particular attention to; to watch.</cd> "<i>Have an eye to</i> Cinna." <i>Shak.</i> -- <col>To keep an eye on</col>, <cd>to watch.</cd> -- <col>To set the eyes on</col>, <cd>to see; to have a sight of.</cd> -- <col>In the eye of the wind</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>in a direction opposed to the wind; <as>as, a ship sails in the <ex>eye of the wind<ex></as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Eye</h1>
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<hw>Eye</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Eyed</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Eying &or; Eyeing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To fix the eye on; to look on; to view; to observe; particularly, to observe or watch narrowly, or with fixed attention; to hold in view</def>.

<blockquote><b>Eye</b> me, blest Providence, and square my trial
To my proportioned strength.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eye</h1>
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<hw>Eye</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To appear; to look.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>My becomings kill me, when they do not
<b>Eye</b> well to you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eyeball</h1>
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<hw>Eye"ball`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The ball or globe of the eye.</def>

<h1>Eyebar</h1>
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<hw>Eye"bar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>A bar with an eye at one or both ends.</def>

<h1>Eyebeam</h1>
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<hw>Eye"beam`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A glance of the eye.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Eyebolt</h1>
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<hw>Eye"bolt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A bolt which a looped head, or an opening in the head.</def>

<h1>Eyebright</h1>
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<hw>Eye"bright`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small annual plant (<spn>Euphrasia officinalis</spn>), formerly much used as a remedy for diseases of the eye.</def>

<h1>Eyebrow</h1>
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<hw>Eye"brow`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The brow or hairy arch above the eye.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Eyecup</h1>
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<hw>Eye"cup`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small oval porcelain or glass cup, having a rim curved to fit the orbit of the eye. it is used in the application of liquid remedies to eyes; -- called also <altname>eyeglass</altname>.</def>

<h1>Eyed</h1>
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<hw>Eyed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Heaving (such or so many) eyes; -- used in composition; as sharp-<i>eyed</i>; dull-<i>eyed</i>; sad-<i>eyed</i>; ox-<i>eyed</i> Juno; myriad-<i>eyed</i>.</def>

<h1>Eyedrop</h1>
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<hw>Eye"drop"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tear.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Eyeflap</h1>
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<hw>Eye"flap"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A blinder on a horse's bridle.</def>

<h1>Eyeful</h1>
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<hw>Eye"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Filling or satisfying the eye; visible; remarkable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Eyeful</i> trophies."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Eyeglance</h1>
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<hw>Eye"glance`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A glance of eye.</def>

<h1>Eyeglass</h1>
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<hw>Eye"glass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A lens of glass to assist the sight. Eyeglasses are used singly or in pairs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Eyepiece of a telescope, microscope, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The retina.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A glass eyecup. See <er>Eyecup</er>.</def>

<h1>Eyehole</h1>
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<hw>Eye"hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A circular opening to recive a hook, cord, ring, or rope; an eyelet.</def>

<h1>Eyelash</h1>
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<hw>Eye"lash`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fringe of hair that edges the eyelid; -- usually in the <pluf>pl.</pluf></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hair of the fringe on the edge of the eyelid.</def>

<h1>Eyeless</h1>
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<hw>Eye"less`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without eyes; blind.</def> "<i>Eyeless</i> rage."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Eyelet</h1>
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<hw>Eye"let`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.<ets><?/</ets>, dim. of <?/ eve, fr. L. <ets>oculus</ets>. See <er>Eye</er>, and cf.  <er>Oillet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small hole or perforation to receive a cord or fastener, as in garments, sails, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A metal ring or grommet, or short metallic tube, the ends of which can be bent outward and over to fasten it in place; -- used to line an eyelet hole.</def>

<cs><col>Eyelet hole</col>, <cd>a hole made for an eyelet.</cd> -- <col>Eyelet punch</col>, <cd>a machine for punching eyelet holes and fastening eyelets, as in paper or cloth.</cd> -- <col>Eyelet ring</col>.  <cd>See <er>Eyelet</er>, 2.</cd></cs>

<h1>Eyeleteer</h1>
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<hw>Eye`let*eer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small, sharp-pointed instrument used in piercing eyelet holes; a stiletto.</def>

<h1>Eyelid</h1>
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<hw>Eye`lid"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The cover of the eye; that portion of movable skin with which an animal covers or uncovers the eyeball at pleasure.</def>

<h1>Eyen</h1>
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<hw>Ey"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Eyes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer.</i>  <i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Eyepiece</h1>
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<hw>Eye"piece`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The lens, or combination of lenses, at the eye end of a telescope or other optical instrument, through which the image formed by the mirror or object glass is viewed.</def>

<cs><col>Collimating eyepiece</col>. <cd>See under <er>Collimate</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Negative</col>, or <col>Huyghenian</col>, <col>eyepiece</col></mcol>, <cd>an eyepiece consisting of two plano-convex lenses with their curved surfaces turned toward the object glass, and separated from each other by about half the sum of their focal distances, the image viewed by the eye being formed between the two lenses. it was devised by Huyghens, who applied it to the telescope. Campani applied it to the microscope, whence it is sometimes called <altname>Campani's eyepiece</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Positive eyepiece</col>, <cd>an eyepiece consisting of two plano-convex lenses placed with their curved surfaces toward each other, and separated by a distance somewhat less than the focal distance of the one nearest eye, the image of the object viewed being beyond both lenses; -- called also, from the name of the inventor, <altname>Ramsden's eyepiece</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>terrestrial</col>, or <col>Erecting eyepiece</col></mcol>, <cd>an eyepiece used in telescopes for viewing terrestrial objects, consisting of three, or usually four, lenses, so arranged as to present the image of the object viewed in an erect position.</cd></cs>

<h1>Eyer</h1>
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<hw>Ey"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who eyes another.</def>

<i>Gayton.</i>

<h1>Eyreach</h1>
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<hw>Ey"reach`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The range or reach of the eye; eyeshot.</def> "A seat in <i>eyereach</i> of him."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Eyesaint</h1>
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<hw>Eye"*saint`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An object of interest to the eye; one wirehaired with the eyes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That's the <b>eye-saint</b>, <b>I know</b>,
<b>Among young gallants</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eyesalve</h1>
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<hw>Eye"salve`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ointment for the eye.</def>

<h1>Eyeservant</h1>
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<hw>Eye"serv`ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A servant who attends faithfully to his duty only when watched.</def>

<h1>Eyeservice</h1>
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<hw>Eye"serv`ice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Service performed only under inspection, or the eye of an employer.</def>

<blockquote>Not with <b>eyeservice</b>, as menpleasers.
<i>Col. iii. 22.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eyeshot</h1>
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<hw>Eye"shot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Range, reach, or glance of the eye; view; sight; <as>as, to be out of <ex>eyeshot</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Eyesight</h1>
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<hw>Eye"sight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sight of the eye; the sense of seeing; view; observation.</def>

<blockquote>Josephus sets this down from his own <b>eyesight</b>.
<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eyesore</h1>
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<hw>Eye"sore`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something offensive to the eye or sight; a blemish.</def>

<blockquote>Mordecai was an <b>eyesore</b> to Haman.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eyesplice</h1>
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<hw>Eye"*splice`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A splice formed by bending a rope's and back, and fastening it into the rope, forming a loop or eye. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Splice</er>.</def>

<h1>Eyespot</h1>
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<hw>Eye"*spot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A simple visual organ found in many invertebrates, consisting of pigment cells covering a sensory nerve termination.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An eyelike spot of color.</def>

<h1>Eyespotted</h1>
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<hw>Eye"*spot`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marked with spots like eyes.</def>

<blockquote>Junno's bird, in her <b>eye-spotted</b> train.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eyestalk</h1>
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<hw>Eye"stalk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the movable peduncles which, in the decapod Crustacea, bear the eyes at the tip.</def>

<h1>Eyestone</h1>
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<hw>Eye"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small, lenticular, calcareous body, esp. an operculum of a small shell of the family <i>Tubinid<?/</i>, used to remove a foreign sub stance from the eye. It is rut into the inner corner of the eye under the lid, and allowed to work its way out at the outer corner, bringing with the substance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Eye agate. See under <er>Eye</er>.</def>

<h1>Eyestring</h1>
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<hw>Eye"string`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The tendon by which the eye is moved.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Eyet</h1>
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<hw>Ey"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An island. See <er>Eyot</er>.</def>

<h1>Eyetooth</h1>
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<hw>Eye"tooth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Eyeteeth</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A canine tooth of the upper jaw.</def> See <er>Teeth</er>.

<cs><col>To cut one's eyeteeth</col>, <cd>to become acute or knowing.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Eyewater</h1>
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<hw>Eye"wa`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A wash or lotion for application to the eyes.</def>

<h1>Eyewink</h1>
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<hw>Eye"wink`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wink; a token.

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Eyewinker</h1>
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<hw>Eye"wink`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An eyelash.</def> <mark>[A child's word.]</mark>

<h1>Eyewitness</h1>
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<hw>Eye"wit`ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who sees a thing done; one who has ocular view anything.</def>

<blockquote>We . . . were <b>eyewitnesses</b> of his majesty.
<i>2 Pet. i. 16.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eyghen</h1>
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<hw>Ey"ghen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Eyes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Eyehgt</h1>
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<hw>Eyehgt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An island. See <er>Eyot</er>.</def>

<h1>Eyle</h1>
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<hw>Eyle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.& i.</tt> <def>To ail.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Eyil-ad</h1>
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<hw>Ey"il-ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See (<er>Eiliad</er>.</def>

<h1>Eyne, &or; Eyen</h1>
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<hw><hw>Eyne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Ey"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Plural of <i>eye</i>; <i><?/</i> obsolete, or used only in poetry.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>With such a plaintive gaze their <b>eyne</b>
Are fastened upwardly on mine.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eyot</h1>
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<hw>Ey"ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ey</ets> (AS. <ets>\'c6g</ets> or Icel. <ets>ey</ets>) + F. dim. termination <ets>-ot</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>\'c6geo&edt;</ets>.  See <er>Island</er>, and cf. <er>Ait</er>.]</ety> <def>A little island in a river or lake. See <er>Ait</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ait</asp>, <asp>ayt</asp>, <asp>eey</asp>, <asp>eyet</asp>, and <asp>eyght</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Eyr</h1>
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<hw>Eyr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Air</er>.]</ety> <def>Air.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Eyra</h1>
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<hw>Ey"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native South American name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wild cat (<spn>Felis eyra</spn>) ranging from southern Brazil to Texas. It is reddish yellow and about the size of the domestic cat, but with a more slender body and shorter legs.</def>


<h1>Eyre</h1>
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<hw>Eyre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>erre</ets> journey, march, way, fr. L. <ets>iter</ets>, <ets>itineris</ets>, a going, way, fr. the root of <ets>ire</ets> to go. Cf. <er>Errant</er>, <er>Itinerant</er>, <er>Issue</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A journey in circuit of certain judges called <i>justices in eyre</i> (or <i>in itinere</i>).</def>

<note>&hand; They were itinerant judges, who rode the circuit, holding courts in the different counties.</note>

<h1>Eyren</h1>
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<hw>Ey"ren</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Ey</er>, an egg.</def>

<h1>Eyrie, Eyry</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ey"rie</hw>, <hw>Ey"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl>. <plw>Ey"ries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Aerie</er>]</ety> <def>The nest of a bird of prey or other large bird that builds in a lofty place; aerie.</def>

<blockquote>The eagle and the stork
On cliffs and cedar tops their <b>eyries</b> build.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Eysell</h1>
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<hw>Ey"sell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Eisel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<hr>
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<hr>
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Page 535<p>

<centered><point26>F.</point26></centered>

<h1>F</h1>
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<hw>F</hw> <tt>(&ecre;f)</tt><def>. <p><b>1.</b> F is the sixth letter of the English alphabet, and a nonvocal consonant. Its form and sound are from the Latin. The Latin borrowed the form from the Greek digamma <?/, which probably had the value of English <i>w</i> consonant. The form and value of Greek letter came from the Ph\'d2nician, the ultimate source being probably Egyptian. Etymologically <i>f</i>is most closely related to <i>p</i>,<i>k</i>,<i>v</i>, and <i>b</i>; as in E. <i>f</i>ive, Gr. <?/; E. wol<i>f</i>, L. lu<i>p</i>us, Gr. <?/; E. <i>f</i>ox, <i>v</i>ixen ; <i>f</i>ragile, <i>b</i>reak ; <i>f</i>ruit, <i>b</i>rook, <tt>v. t.</tt>; E. <i>b</i>ear, L. <i>f</i>erre. See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &root; 178, 179, 188, 198, 230.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The name of the fourth tone of the model scale, or scale of C. F sharp (F &sharp;) is a tone intermediate between F and G.</def>

<cs><col>F clef</col>, <cd>the bass clef. See under <er>Clef</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fa</h1>
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<hw>Fa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A syllable applied to the fourth tone of the diatonic scale in solmization.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The tone F.</def>

<h1>Fabaceous</h1>
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<hw>Fa*ba"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fabaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>faba</ets> bean.]</ety> <def>Having the nature of a bean; like a bean.</def>

<h1>Fabella</h1>
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<hw>Fa*bel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fabellae</plw> <tt>(-l<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>faba</ets> a bean.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the small sesamoid bones situated behind the condyles of the femur, in some mammals.</def>

<h1>Fabian</h1>
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<hw>Fa"bi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Fabianus</ets>, <ets>Fabius</ets>, belonging to Fabius.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the manner of, the Roman general, Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus; cautious; dilatory; avoiding a decisive contest.</def>

<cs><col>Fabian policy</col>, <cd>a policy like that of Fabius Maximus, who, by carefully avoiding decisive contests, foiled Hannibal, harassing his army by marches, countermarches, and ambuscades; a policy of delays and cautions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fable</h1>
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<hw>Fa"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>fabula</ets>, fr. <ets>fari</ets> to speak, say. See <er>Ban</er>, and cf. <er>Fabulous</er>, <er>Fame</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A Feigned story or tale, intended to instruct or amuse; a fictitious narration intended to enforce some useful truth or precept; an apologue. See the Note under <er>Apologue</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Jotham's <b>fable</b> of the trees is the oldest extant.
<i>Addison</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The plot, story, or connected series of events, forming the subject of an epic or dramatic poem.</def>

<blockquote>The moral is the first business of the poet; this being formed, he contrives such a design or <b>fable</b> as may be most suitable to the moral.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any story told to excite wonder; common talk; the theme of talk.</def> "Old wives' <i>fables</i>. "

<i>1 Tim. iv. 7.</i>

<blockquote>We grew
The <b>fable</b> of the city where we dwelt.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fiction; untruth; falsehood.</def>

<blockquote>It would look like a <b>fable</b> to report that this gentleman gives away a great fortune by secret methods.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fable</h1>
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<hw>Fa"ble</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fabled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fabling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To compose fables; hence, to write or speak fiction ; to write or utter what is not true.</def> "He <i>Fables</i> not."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Vain now the tales which <b>fabling</b> poets tell.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>fables</b>, yet speaks truth.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fable</h1>
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<hw>Fa"ble</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fiegn; to invent; to devise, and speak of, as true or real; to tell of falsely.</def>

<blockquote>The hell thou <b>fablest</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fabler</h1>
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<hw>Fa"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of fables; a fabulist; a dealer in untruths or falsehoods.</def>

<i>                       Br. Hall.</i>

<h1>Fabliau</h1>
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<hw>Fa`bli`au"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fabliaux</plw> <?/</plu>. <ety>[F., fr. OF.<ets>fablel</ets>, dim. of <ets>fable</ets> a fable.]</ety> <fld>(Fr. Lit.)</fld> <def>One of the metrical tales of the Trouv\'8ares, or early poets of the north of France.</def>

<h1>Fabric</h1>
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<hw>Fab"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fabrica</ets> fabric, workshop: cf. F. <ets>fabrique</ets> fabric. See <er>Forge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The structure of anything; the manner in which the parts of a thing are united; workmanship; texture; make; as cloth of a beautiful <i>fabric</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is fabricated</def>; as : <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Framework; structure; edifice; building</def>.</def>

<blockquote>Anon out of the earth a <b>fabric</b> huge
Rose like an exhalation.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Cloth of any kind that is woven or knit from fibers, either vegetable or animal; manufactured cloth; as, silks or other <i>fabrics</i></def>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of constructing; construction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Tithe was received by the bishop, . . . for the <b>fabric</b>of the churches for the poor.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any system or structure consisting of connected parts; as, the <i>fabric</i> of the universe</def>.

<blockquote>The whole vast <b>fabric</b> of society.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fabric</h1>
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<hw>Fab"ric</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fabricked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fabricking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To frame; to built; to construct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Fabric</i> their mansions."

<i>J. Philips.</i>

<h1>Fabricant</h1>
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<hw>Fab"ri*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>One who fabricates; a manufacturer.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Fabricate</h1>
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<hw>Fab"ri*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fabricated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fabricating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>fabricatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>fabricari</ets>, <ets>fabricare</ets>, to frame, build, forge, fr. <ets>fabrica</ets>. See <er>Fabric</er>, <er>Farge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form into a whole by uniting its parts; to frame; to construct; to build; <as>as, to <ex>fabricate</ex> a bridge or ship</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form by art and labor; to manufacture; to produce; <as>as, to <ex>fabricate</ex> woolens</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To invent and form; to forge; to devise falsely; <as>as, to <ex>fabricate</ex> a lie or story</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Our books were not <b>fabricated</b> with an accomodation to prevailing usages.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fabrication</h1>
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<hw>Fab`ri*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fabricatio</ets>; cf. F. <ets>fabrication</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of fabricating, framing, or constructing; construction; manufacture; <as>as, the <ex>fabrication</ex> of a bridge, a church, or a government</as>.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is fabricated; a falsehood; <as>as, the story is doubtless a <ex>fabrication</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Fiction</er>.</syn>

<h1>Fabricator</h1>
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<hw>Fab"ri*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who fabricates; one who constructs or makes.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>fabricator</b> of the works of Ossian.
<i>Mason.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fabricatress</h1>
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<hw>Fab"ri*ca`tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who fabricates.</def>

<h1>Fabrile</h1>
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<hw>Fab"rile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fabrilis</ets>, fr. <ets>faber</ets> workman. See <er>Forge</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a workman, or to work in stone, metal, wood etc.; <as>as, <ex>fabrile</ex> skill</as>.</def>

<h1>Fabulist</h1>
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<hw>Fab"u*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fabuliste</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fabula</ets>. See <er>Fable</er>.]</ety> <def>One who invents or writes fables.</def>

<h1>Fabulize</h1>
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<hw>Fab"u*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fabulized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fabulizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fabuliser</ets>. See <er>Fable</er>.]</ety> <def>To invent, compose, or relate fables or fictions.</def>

<i>G. S. Faber.</i>

<h1>Fabulosity</h1>
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<hw>Fab`u*los"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fabulositas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fabulosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fabulousness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Abp. Abbot.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fabulous or fictitious story.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Fabulous</h1>
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<hw>Fab"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fabulosus</ets>; cf. F. <ets>fabuleux</ets>. See <er>Fable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Feigned, as a story or fable; related in fable; devised; invented; not real; fictitious; <as>as, a <ex>fabulous</ex> description; a <ex>fabulous</ex> hero.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>fabulous</b> birth of Minerva.
<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Passing belief; exceedingly great; <as>as, a <ex>fabulous</ex> price</as>.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<cs><col>Fabulous age</col>, <cd>that period in the history of a nation of which the only accounts are myths and unverified legends; as, the <i>fabulous<i> age of Greek and Rome.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fab"u*lous*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fab"u*lous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Faburden</h1>
<Xpage=535>

<hw>Fab"ur*den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>foux bpirdon</ets>. See <er>False</er>, and <er>Burden</er> a verse.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A species of counterpoint with a drone bass</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A succession of chords of the sixth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A monotonous refrain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Fac</h1>
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<hw>Fac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. of <ets>facsimile</ets>.]</ety> <def>A large ornamental letter used, esp. by the early printers, at the commencement of the chapters and other divisions of a book.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Fa\'87ade</h1>
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<hw>Fa`\'87ade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>facciata</ets>, fr. <ets>fassia</ets> face, L. <ets>facies</ets>. See <er>Face</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The front of a building; esp., the principal front, having some architectural pretensions. Thus a church is said to have its <i>facade</i> unfinished, though the interior may be in use.</def>

<h1>Face</h1>
<Xpage=535>

<hw>Face</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from L. <ets>facies</ets> form, shape, face, perh. from <ets>facere</ets> to make (see <er>Fact</er>); or perh. orig. meaning <ets>appearance</ets>, and from a root meaning <ets>to shine</ets>, and akin to E. <ets>fancy</ets>. Cf. <er>Facetious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The exterior form or appearance of anything; that part which presents itself to the view; especially, the front or upper part or surface; that which particularly offers itself to the view of a spectator.</def>

<blockquote>A mist . . . watered the whole <b>face</b> of the ground.
<i>Gen. ii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lake Leman wooes me with its crystal <b>face</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That part of a body, having several sides, which may be seen from one point, or which is presented toward a certain direction; one of the bounding planes of a solid; <as>as, a cube has six <ex>faces</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The principal dressed surface of a plate, disk, or pulley; the principal flat surface of a part or object.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That part of the acting surface of a cog in a cog wheel, which projects beyond the pitch line.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The width of a pulley, or the length of a cog from end to end; <as>as, a pulley or cog wheel of ten inches <ex>face</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The upper surface, or the character upon the surface, of a type, plate, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The style or cut of a type or font of type.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Outside appearance; surface show; look; external aspect, whether natural, assumed, or acquired.</def>

<blockquote>To set a <b>face</b> upon their own malignant design.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This would produce a new <b>face</b> of things in Europe.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We wear a <b>face</b> of joy, because
We have been glad of yore.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>That part of the head, esp. of man, in which the eyes, cheeks, nose, and mouth are situated; visage; countenance.</def>

<blockquote>In the sweat of thy <b>face</b> shalt thou eat bread.
<i>Gen. iii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Cast of features; expression of countenance; look; air; appearance.</def>

<blockquote>We set the best <b>face</b>on it we could.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>Ten degrees in extent of a sign of the zodiac.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Maintenance of the countenance free from abashment or confusion; confidence; boldness; shamelessness; effrontery.</def>

<blockquote>This is the man that has the <b>face</b> to charge others with false citations.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Presence; sight; front; as in the phrases, <i>before the face of</i>, in the immediate presence of; <i>in the face of</i>, before, in, or against the front of; as, to fly <ex>in the face of</ex> danger; <i>to the face of</i>, directly to; <i>from the face of</i>, from the presenceof.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Mode of regard, whether favorable or unfavorable; favor or anger; mostly in Scriptural phrases.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord make his <b>face</b> to shine upon thee.
<i>Num. vi. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My <b>face</b> [favor] will I turn also from them.
<i>Ezek. vii. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The end or wall of the tunnel, drift, or excavation, at which work is progressing or was last done.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The exact amount expressed on a bill, note, bond, or other mercantile paper, without any addition for interest or reduction for discount.</def><-- = face value -->

<i>McElrath.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Face</i> is used either adjectively or as part of a compound; as, <i>face</i> guard or <i>face</i>-guard; <i>face</i> cloth; <i>face</i> plan or <i>face</i>-plan; <i>face</i> hammer.</note>

<cs><col>Face ague</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a form of neuralgia, characterized by acute lancinating pains returning at intervals, and by twinges in certain parts of the face, producing convulsive twitches in the corresponding muscles; -- called also <altname>tic douloureux</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Face card</col>, <cd>one of a pack of playing cards on which a human face is represented; the king, queen, or jack.</cd> -- <col>Face cloth</col>, <cd>a cloth laid over the face of a corpse.</cd> -- <col>Face guard</col>, <cd>a mask with windows for the eyes, worn by workman exposed to great heat, or to flying particles of metal, stone, etc., as in glass works, foundries, etc.</cd> -- <col>Face hammer</col>, <cd>a hammer having a flat face.</cd> -- <col>Face joint</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a joint in the face of a wall or other structure.</cd> -- <col>Face mite</col> <fld>(Zo\'94ll.)</fld>, <cd>a small, elongated mite (<spn>Demdex folliculorum</spn>), parasitic in the hair follicles of the face.</cd> -- <col>Face mold</col>, <cd>the templet or pattern by which carpenters, ect., outline the forms which are to be cut out from boards, sheet metal, ect.</cd> -- <col>Face plate</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Turning)</fld> <cd>A plate attached to the spindle of a lathe, to which the work to be turned may be attached.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A covering plate for an object, to receive wear or shock.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A true plane for testing a dressed surface. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Face wheel</col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A crown wheel.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A Wheel whose disk face is adapted for grinding and polishing; a lap.</cd></cs><-- face value = face, 13.  Also used metaphorically, = apparent value: "Take at its face value" -->

<cs>   <col>Cylinder face</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>the flat part of a steam cylinder on which a slide valve moves.</cd> -- <col>Face of an anvil</col>, <cd>its flat upper surface.</cd> -- <col>Face of a bastion</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>the part between the salient and the shoulder angle.</cd> -- <col>Face of coal</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>the principal cleavage plane, at right angles to the stratification. -- <col> Face of a gun</col>, <cd>the surface of metal at the muzzle.</cd> -- <col>Face of a place</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, the front comprehended between the flanked angles of two neighboring bastions. <i>Wilhelm</i>.</cd> -- <col>Face of a square</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>one of the sides of a battalion when formed in a square.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Face of a</col> <col>watch, clock, compass, card etc.</col></mcol>, <cd>the dial or graduated surface on which a pointer indicates the time of day, point of the compass, etc.</cd> -- <col>Face to face</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In the presence of each other; as, to bring the accuser and the accused <i>face to face<i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Without the interposition of any body or substance. "Now we see through a glass darkly; but then <i>face to face<i>." 1 <i>Cor. xiii. 12</i>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>With the faces or finished surfaces turned inward or toward one another; <i>vis \'85 vis<i>; -- opposed to <contr>back to back</contr>.</cd> -- <col>To fly in the face of</col>, <cd>to defy; to brave; to withstand.</cd> -- <col>To make a face</col>, <cd>to distort the countenance; to make a grimace.</cd> <i>Shak.</i></cs>

<h1>Face</h1>
<Xpage=535>

<hw>Face</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Faced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Facing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To meet in front; to oppose with firmness; to resist, or to meet for the purpose of stopping or opposing; to confront; to encounter; <as>as, to <ex>face</ex> an enemy in the field of battale</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I'll <b>face</b>
This tempest, and deserve the name of king.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To Confront impudently; to bully.</def>

<blockquote>I will neither be <b>faced</b>nor braved.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To stand opposite to; to stand with the face or front toward; to front upon; <as>as, the apartments of the general <ex>faced</ex> the park</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He gained also with his forces that part of Britain which <b>faces</b> Ireland.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cover in front, for ornament, protection, etc.; to put a facing upon; <as>as, a building <ex>faced</ex> with marble</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To line near the edge, esp. with a different material; <as>as, to <ex>face</ex> the front of a coat, or the bottom of a dress</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To cover with better, or better appearing, material than the mass consists of, for purpose of deception, as the surface of a box of tea, a barrel of sugar, etc.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>To make the surface of (anything) flat or smooth; to dress the face of (a stone, a casting, etc.); esp., in turning, to shape or smooth the flat surface of, as distinguished from the cylindrical surface.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To cause to turn or present a face or front, as in a particular direction.</def>

<cs><col>To face down</col>, <cd>to put down by bold or impudent opposition.</cd> "He <i>faced<i> men <i>down<i>." <i>Prior</i>. -- <col>To face (a thing) out</col>, <cd>to persist boldly or impudently in an assertion or in a line of conduct. "That thinks with oaths <i>to face<i> the matter <i>out<i>."</cd>  <i>Shak</i></cs>

<h1>Face</h1>
<Xpage=535>

<hw>Face</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To carry a false appearance; to play the hypocrite.</def> "To lie, to <i>face</i>, to forge."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To turn the face; <as>as, to <ex>face</ex> to the right or left</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Face</b> about, man; a soldier, and afraid!
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To present a face or front.</def>

<h1>Faced</h1>
<Xpage=535>

<hw>Faced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having (such) a face, or (so many) faces; <as>as, smooth-<ex>faced</ex>, two-<ex>faced</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Faser</h1>
<Xpage=535>

<hw>Fa"ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who faces; one who puts on a false show; a bold-faced person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There be no greater talkers, nor boasters, nor <b>fasers</b>.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A blow in the face, as in boxing; hence, any severe or stunning check or defeat, as in controversy.</def> <mark>[Collog.]</mark>

<blockquote>I should have been a stercoraceous mendicant if I had hollowed when I got a <b>facer</b>.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="536">
Page 536<p>

<h1>Facet</h1>
<Xpage=536>

<hw>Fac"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>facette</ets>, dim. of <ets>face</ets> face. See <er>Face</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little face; a small, plane surface; <as>as, the <ex>facets</ex> of a diamond</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>facette</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A smooth circumscribed surface; <as>as, the articular <ex>facet</ex> of a bone</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The narrow plane surface between flutings of a column.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the numerous small eyes which make up the compound eyes of insects and crustaceans.</def>

<h1>Facet</h1>
<Xpage=536>

<hw>Fac"et</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Faceted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Faceting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cut facets or small faces upon; <as>as, to <ex>facet</ex> a diamond</as>.</def>

<h1>Facete</h1>
<Xpage=536>

<hw>Fa*cete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>facetus</ets> elegant, fine, facetious; akin to <ets>facies</ets>. See <er>Face</er>, and cf. <er>Facetious</er>.]</ety> <def>Facetious; witty; humorous.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>  "A <i>facete</i> discourse."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>"How to interpose" with a small, smart remark, sentiment <b>facete</b>, or unctuous anecdote.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fa*cete"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fa*cete"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Faceted</h1>
<Xpage=536>

<hw>Fac"et*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having facets.</def>

<h1>Faceti\'91</h1>
<Xpage=536>

<hw>Fa*ce"ti*\'91</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>facetus</ets>. See <er>Facete</er>.]</ety> <def>Witty or humorous writings or saying; witticisms; merry conceits.</def>

<h1>Facetious</h1>
<Xpage=536>

<hw>Fa*ce"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fac\'82tieux</ets>. See <er>Faceti\'91</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Given to wit and good humor; merry; sportive; jocular; <as>as, a <ex>facetious</ex> companion</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by wit and pleasantry; exciting laughter; <as>as, a <ex>facetious</ex> story or reply</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fa*ce"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fa*ce"tious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Facette</h1>
<Xpage=536>

<hw>Fa*cette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Facet</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Facework</h1>
<Xpage=536>

<hw>Face"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The material of the outside or front side, as of a wall or building; facing.</def>

<h1>Facia</h1>
<Xpage=536>

<hw>Fa"ci*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Fascia</er>.</def>

<h1>Facial</h1>
<Xpage=536>

<hw>Fa"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>facialis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>facies</ets> face : cf. F. <ets>facial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the face; <as>as, the <ex>facial</ex> artery, vein, or nerve</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fa"cial*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Facial angle</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the angle, in a skull, included between a straight line (<it>ab<it>, in the illustrations), from the most prominent part of the forehead to the front efge of the upper jaw bone, and another (<it>cd<it>) from this point to the center of the external auditory opening. See <cref>Gnathic index</cref>, under <er>Gnathic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Faciend</h1>
<Xpage=536>

<hw>Fa"ci*end</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From neut. of L. <ets>faciendus</ets>, gerundive of <ets>facere</ets> to do.]</ety> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The multiplicand. See <er>Facient</er>, <p><b>2</b>.</def>

<h1>Facient</h1>
<Xpage=536>

<hw>Fa"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>faciens</ets>, -- <ets>entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>facere</ets> to make, do. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who does anything, good or bad; a doer; an agent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Br. Hacket.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the variables of a quantic as distinguished from a coefficient.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The multiplier.</def>

<note>&hand; The terms <i>facient</i>, <i>faciend</i>, and <i>factum</i>, may imply that the multiplication involved is not ordinary multiplication, but is either some specified operation, or, in general, any mathematical operation. See <er>Multiplication</er>.</note>

<h1>Facies</h1>
<Xpage=536>

<hw>Fa"ci*es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from, face. See <er>Face</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The anterior part of the head; the face.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The general aspect or habit of a species, or group of species, esp. with reference to its adaptation to its environment.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The face of a bird, or the front of the head, excluding the bill.</def>

<cs><col>Facies Hippocratica</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Hippocratic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Facile</h1>
<Xpage=536>

<hw>Fac"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>facilis</ets>, prop., capable of being done or made, hence, facile, easy, fr. <ets>facere</ets> to make, do: cf. F. <ets>facile</ets>. Srr <er>Fact</er>, and cf. <er>Faculty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Easy to be done or performed: not difficult; performable or attainable with little labor.</def>

<blockquote>Order . . . will render the work <b>facile</b> and delightful.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Easy to be surmounted or removed; easily conquerable; readily mastered.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>facile</b> gates of hell too slightly barred.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Easy of access or converse; mild; courteous; not haughty, austere, or distant; affable; complaisant.</def>

<blockquote>I meant she should be courteous, <b>facile</b>, sweet.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Easily persuaded to good or bad; yielding; ductile to a fault; pliant; flexible.</def>

<blockquote>Since Adam, and his <b>facile</b> consort Eve,
Lost Paradise, deceived by me.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This is treating Burns like a child, a person of so <b>facile</b> a disposition as not to be trusted without a keeper on the king's highway.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Ready; quick; expert; <as>as, he is <ex>facile</ex> in expedients; he wields a <ex>facile</ex> pen.</as></def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fac"ile-ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fac"ile*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Facilitate</h1>
<Xpage=536>

<hw>Fa*cil"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Facilitated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Facilitating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>faciliter</ets>. See <er>Facility</er>.]</ety> <def>To make easy or less difficult; to free from difficulty or impediment; to lessen the labor of; <as>as, to <ex>facilitate</ex> the execution of a task</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To invite and <b>facilitate</b> that line of proceeding which the times call for.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Facilitation</h1>
<Xpage=536>

<hw>Fa*cil`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of facilitating or making easy.</def>

<h1>Facility</h1>
<Xpage=536>

<hw>Fa*cil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Facilities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>facilitas</ets>, fr. <ets>facilis</ets> easy: cf. F. <ets>facilit</ets><?/. See <er>Facile</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being easily performed; freedom from difficulty; ease; <as>as, the <ex>facility</ex> of an operation</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>facility</b> with which government has been overturned in France.
<i>Burke</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ease in performance; readiness proceeding from skill or use; dexterity; <as>as, practice gives a wonderful <ex>facility</ex> in executing works of art</as></def>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Easiness to be persuaded; readiness or compliance; -- usually in a bad sense; pliancy.</def>

<blockquote>It is a great error to take <b>facility</b> for good nature.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Easiness of access; complaisance; affability.</def>

<blockquote>Offers himself to the visits of a friend with <b>facility</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which promotes the ease of any action or course of conduct; advantage; aid; assistance; -- usually in the plural; <as>as, special <ex>facilities</ex> for study</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Ease; expertness; readiness; dexterity; complaisance; condescension; affability.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Facility</er>, <er>Expertness</er>, <er>Readiness</er>. These words have in common the idea of performing any act with ease and promptitude. <i>Facility</i> supposes a natural or acquired power of dispatching a task with lightness and ease. <i>Expertness</i> is the kind of facility acquired by long practice. <i>Readiness</i> marks the promptitude with which anything is done. A merchant needs great <i>facility</i> in dispatching business; a bunker, great <i>expertness</i> in casting accounts; both need great <i>readiness</i> in passing from one employment to another. "The <i>facility</i> which we get of doing things by a custom of doing, makes them often pass in us without our notice."  <i>Locke</i>. "The army was celebrated for the <i>expertness</i> and valor of the soldiers." "A <i>readiness</i> obey the known will of God is the surest means to enlighten the mind in respect to duty."</usage>

<h1>Facing</h1>
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<hw>Fa"cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A covering in front, for ornament or other purpose; an exterior covering or sheathing; <as>as, the <ex>facing</ex> of an earthen slope, sea wall, etc.</as> , to strengthen it or to protect or adorn the exposed surface.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lining placed near the edge of a garment for ornament or protection.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The finishing of any face of a wall with material different from that of which it is chiefly composed, or the coating or material so used.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A powdered substance, as charcoal, bituminous coal, ect., applied to the face of a mold, or mixed with the sand that forms it, to give a fine smooth surface to the casting.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The collar and cuffs of a military coat; -- commonly of a color different from that of the coat.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The movement of soldiers by turning on their heels to the right, left, or about; -- chiefly in the <pluf>pl.</pluf></def>

<cs><col>Facing brick</col>, <cd>front or pressed brick.</cd></cs>

<h1>Facingly</h1>
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<hw>Fa"cing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a facing manner or position.</def>

<h1>Facinorous</h1>
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<hw>Fa*cin"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>facinorous</ets>, from <ets>facinus</ets> deed, bad deed, from <ets>facere</ets> to make, do.]</ety> <def>Atrociously wicked.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fa*cin"o*rous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Facound</h1>
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<hw>Fac"ound</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>faconde</ets>, L. <ets>facundia</ets>. See <er>Facund</er>.]</ety> <def>Speech; eloquence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Her <b>facound</b> eke full womanly and plain.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Facsimile</h1>
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<hw>Fac*sim"i*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Facsimiles</plw> <tt>(-l<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>fac simile</ets> make like; or an abbreviation of <ets>factum simile</ets> made like; <ets>facere</ets> to make + <ets>similes</ets> like. See <er>Fact</er>, and <er>Simile</er>.]</ety> <def>A copy of anything made, either so as to be deceptive or so as to give every part and detail of the original; an exact copy or likeness.</def>

<cs><col>Facsimile telegraph</col>, <cd>a telegraphic apparatus reproducing messages in autograph.</cd></cs>

<h1>Facsimile</h1>
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<hw>Fac*sim"i*le</hw><def>, (<?/), v. t. To make a facsimile of.</def>

<h1>Fact</h1>
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<hw>Fact</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>factum</ets>, fr. <ets>facere</ets> to make or do. Cf. <er>Feat</er>, <er>Affair</er>, <er>Benefit</er>, <er>Defect</er>, <er>Fashion</er>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A doing, making, or preparing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A project for the <b>fact</b> and vending
Of a new kind of fucus, paint for ladies.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An effect produced or achieved; anything done or that comes to pass; an act; an event; a circumstance.</def>

<blockquote>What might instigate him to this devilish <b>fact</b>, I am not able to conjecture.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He who most excels in <b>fact</b> of arms.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Reality; actuality; truth; <as>as, he, in <ex>fact</ex>, excelled all the rest; the <ex>fact</ex> is, he was beaten.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The assertion or statement of a thing done or existing; sometimes, even when false, improperly put, by a transfer of meaning, for the thing done, or supposed to be done; a thing supposed or asserted to be done; <as>as, history abounds with false <ex>facts</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>I do not grant the <b>fact</b>.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This reasoning is founded upon a <b>fact</b> which is not true.
<i>Roger Long.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; TheTerm <i>fact</i> has in jurisprudence peculiar uses in contrast with <i>low</i>; as, attorney at <i>low</i>, and attorney in <i>fact</i>; issue in <i>low</i>, and issue in <i>fact</i>. There is also a grand distinction between <i>low</i> and <i>fact</i> with reference to the province of the judge and that of the jury, the latter generally determining the <i>fact</i>, the former the <i>low</i>.</note>

<i>Burrill Bouvier.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Accessary before</col>, &or; <col>after</col>, <col>the fact</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Accessary</er>.</cd> -- <col>Matter of fact</col>, <cd>an actual occurrence; a verity; used adjectively: of or pertaining to facts; prosaic; unimaginative; as, a <i>matter-of-fact<i> narration.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Act; deed; performance; event; incident; occurrence; circumstance.</syn>

<h1>Faction</h1>
<Xpage=536>

<hw>Fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>factio</ets> a doing, a company of persons acting together, a faction: cf. F. <ets>faction</ets> See <er>Fashion</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anc. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the divisions or parties of charioteers (distinguished by their colors) in the games of the circus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A party, in political society, combined or acting in union, in opposition to the government, or state; -- usually applied to a minority, but it may be applied to a majority; a combination or clique of partisans of any kind, acting for their own interests, especially if greedy, clamorous, and reckless of the common good.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Tumult; discord; dissension.</def>

<blockquote>They remained at Newbury in great <b>faction</b> among themselves.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Combination; clique; junto. See <er>Cabal</er>.</syn>

<h1>Factionary</h1>
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<hw>Fac"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>factionnaire</ets>, L. <ets>factionarius</ets> the head of a company of charioteers.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a faction; being a partisan; taking sides.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Always <b>factionary</b> on the party of your general.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Factioner</h1>
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<hw>Fac"tion*er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a faction.</def>

<i>Abp. Bancroft.</i>

<h1>Factionist</h1>
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<hw>Fac"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who promotes faction.</def>

<h1>Factious</h1>
<Xpage=536>

<hw>Fac"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>factiosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>factieux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Given to faction; addicted to form parties and raise dissensions, in opposition to government or the common good; turbulent; seditious; prone to clamor against public measures or men; -- said of persons.</def>

<blockquote><b>Factious</b> for the house of Lancaster.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to faction; proceeding from faction; indicating, or characterized by, faction; -- said of acts or expressions; <as>as, <ex>factious</ex> quarrels</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Headlong zeal or <b>factious</b> fury.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fac"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fac"tious-ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Factitious</h1>
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<hw>Fac*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>factitius</ets>, fr. <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Fact</er>, and cf. <er>Fetich</er>.]</ety> <def>Made by art, in distinction from what is produced by nature; artificial; sham; formed by, or adapted to, an artificial or conventional, in distinction from a natural, standard or rule; not natural; <as>as, <ex>factitious</ex> cinnabar or jewels; a <ex>factitious</ex> taste.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fac-ti"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fac*ti"tious-ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>He acquires a <b>factitious</b> propensity, he forms an incorrigible habit, of desultory reading.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Unnatural.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Factitious</er>, <er>Unnatural</er>. Anything is <i>unnatural</i> when it departs in any way from its simple or normal state; it is <i>factitious</i> when it is wrought out or wrought up by labor and effort, as, a <i>factitious</i> excitement. An <i>unnatural</i> demand for any article of merchandise is one which exceeds the ordinary rate of consumption; a factitious demand is one created by active exertions for the purpose. An <i>unnatural</i> alarm is one greater than the occasion requires; a <i>factitious</i> alarm is one wrought up with care and effort.</usage>

<h1>Factitive</h1>
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<hw>Fac"ti*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Causing; causative.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to that relation which is proper when the act, as of a transitive verb, is not merely received by an object, but produces some change in the object, as when we say, He made the water wine.</def>

<blockquote>Sometimes the idea of activity in a verb or adjective involves in it a reference to an effect, in the way of causality, in the active voice on the immediate objects, and in the passive voice on the subject of such activity.  This second object is called the <b>factitive</b> object.
<i>J. W. Gibbs.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Factive</h1>
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<hw>Fac"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making; having power to make.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "You are . . . <i>factive</i>, not destructive."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Facto</h1>
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<hw>Fac"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[L., ablative of <ets>factum</ets> deed, fact.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>In fact; by the act or fact.</def>

<cs><col>De facto</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See <er>De facto</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Factor</h1>
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<hw>Fac"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>factor</ets> a doer: cf. F. <ets>facteur</ets> a factor. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who transacts business for another; an agent; a substitute; especially, a mercantile agent who buys and sells goods and transacts business for others in commission; a commission merchant or consignee. He may be a home factor or a foreign factor. He may buy and sell in his own name, and he is intrusted with the possession and control of the goods; and in these respects he differs from a broker.</def>

<i>Story.</i>  <i>Wharton.</i>

<blockquote>My <b>factor</b> sends me word, a merchant's fled
That owes me for a hundred tun of wine.
<i>Marlowe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A steward or bailiff of an estate.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>One of the elements or quantities which, when multiplied together, from a product.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One of the elements, circumstances, or influences which contribute to produce a result; a constituent.</def>

<blockquote>The materal and dynamical <b>factors</b> of nutrition.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Factor</h1>
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<hw>Fac"tor</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Factored</er> <tt>(-t?rd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Factoring</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>To resolve (a quantity) into its factors.</def>

<h1>Factorage</h1>
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<hw>Fac"tor*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>factorage</ets>.]</ety> <def>The allowance given to a factor, as a compensation for his services; -- called also a <altname>commission</altname>.</def>

<h1>Factoress</h1>
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<hw>Fac"tor*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A factor who is a woman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Factorial</h1>
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<hw>Fac*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a factory.</def>

<i>Buchanan.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Related to factorials.</def>

<h1>Factorial</h1>
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<hw>Fac*to"ri*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A name given to the factors of a continued product when the former are derivable from one and the same function F(x) by successively imparting a constant increment or decrement <i>h</i> to the independent variable. Thus the product <mathex>F(x).F(x + h).F(x + 2h) . . . F[x + (n-1)h]</mathex> is called a <i>factorial term</i>, and its several factors take the name of <i>factorials</i>.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The product of the consecutive numbers from unity up to any given number</def>.

<h1>Factoring</h1>
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<hw>Fac"tor*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The act of resolving into factors.</def>

<h1>Factorize</h1>
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<hw>Fac"tor*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Factorized</er> <tt>(-?zd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Factorizing</er> <tt>(-?"z?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To give warning to; -- said of a person in whose hands the effects of another are attached, the warning being to the effect that he shall not pay the money or deliver the property of the defendant in his hands to him, but appear and answer the suit of the plaintiff</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To attach (the effects of a debtor) in the hands of a third person ; to garnish. See <er>Garnish</er>.</def> <mark>[Vt. & Conn.]</mark>

<h1>Factorship</h1>
<Xpage=536>

<hw>Fac"tor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The business of a factor.</def>

<h1>Factory</h1>
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<hw>Fac"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Factories</plw> <tt>(-r<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>factorerie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A house or place where factors, or commercial agents, reside, to transact business for their employers.</def> "The Company's <i>factory</i> at Madras."

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The body of factors in any place; <as>as, a chaplain to a British <ex>factory</ex></as>.</def>

<i>W. Guthrie.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A building, or collection of buildings, appropriated to the manufacture of goods; the place where workmen are employed in fabricating goods, wares, or utensils; a manufactory; <as>as, a cotton <ex>factory</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Factory leg</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of bandy leg, associated with partial dislocation of the tibia, produced in young children by working in factories.</cd></cs>

<h1>Factotum</h1>
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<hw>Fac*to"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Factotums</plw> <tt>(-t<?/mz)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., do everything; <ets>facere</ets> to do + <ets>totus</ets> all : cf. F. <ets>factotum</ets>. See <er>Fact</er>, and <er>Total</er>.]</ety> <def>A person employed to do all kinds of work or business.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Factual</h1>
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<hw>Fac"tu*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or containing, facts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="537">
Page 537<p>

<h1>Factum</h1>
<Xpage=537>

<hw>Fac"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Facta</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A man's own act and deed</def>; particularly: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>Anything stated and made certain</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Testamentary Law)</fld> <def>The due execution of a will, including everything necessary to its validity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The product. See <er>Facient</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Facture</h1>
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<hw>Fac"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>facture</ets> a making, invoice, L. <ets>factura</ets> a making. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or manner of making or doing anything; -- now used of a literary, musical, or pictorial production.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>An invoice or bill of parcels.</def>

<h1>Facul\'91</h1>
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<hw>Fac"u*l\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., pl. <ets>of facula</ets> a little torch.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Groups of small shining spots on the surface of the sun which are brighter than the other parts of the photosphere. They are generally seen in the neighborhood of the dark spots, and are supposed to be elevated portions of the photosphere.</def>

<i>Newcomb.</i>

<h1>Facular</h1>
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<hw>Fac"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the facul\'91.</def>

<i>R. A. Proctor.</i>

<h1>Faculty</h1>
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<hw>Fac"ul*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Faculties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>facult<?/</ets>, L. <ets>facultas</ets>, fr. <ets>facilis</ets> easy (cf. <ets>facul</ets> easily), fr. <ets>fecere</ets> to make. See <er>Fact</er>, and cf. <er>Facility</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ability to act or perform, whether inborn or cultivated; capacity for any natural function; especially, an original mental power or capacity for any of the well-known classes of mental activity; psychical or soul capacity; capacity for any of the leading kinds of soul activity, as knowledge, feeling, volition; intellectual endowment or gift; power; <as>as, <ex>faculties</ex> of the mind or the soul</as>.</def>

<blockquote>But know that in the soul
Are many lesser <b>faculties</b> that serve
Reason as chief.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What a piece of work is a man ! how noble in reason ! how infinite in <b>faculty</b> !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Special mental endowment; characteristic knack.</def>

<blockquote>He had a ready <b>faculty</b>, indeed, of escaping from any topic that agitated his too sensitive and nervous temperament.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Power; prerogative or attribute of office.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>This Duncan
Hath borne his <b>faculties</b> so meek.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Privilege or permission, granted by favor or indulgence, to do a particular thing; authority; license; dispensation.</def>

<blockquote>The pope . . . granted him a <b>faculty</b> to set him free from his promise.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It had not only <b>faculty</b> to inspect all bishops' dioceses, but to change what laws and statutes they should think fit to alter among the colleges.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A body of a men to whom any specific right or privilege is granted; formerly, the graduates in any of the four departments of a university or college (Philosophy, Law, Medicine, or Theology), to whom was granted the right of teaching (<i>profitendi</i> or <i>docendi</i>) in the department in which they had studied; at present, the members of a profession itself; <as>as, the medical <ex>faculty</ex>; the legal <ex>faculty</ex>, ect.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Amer. Colleges)</fld> <def>The body of person to whom are intrusted the government and instruction of a college or university, or of one of its departments; the president, professors, and tutors in a college.</def>

<cs><col>Dean of faculty</col>. <cd>See under <er>Dean</er>.</cd> -- <col>Faculty of advocates</col>. <fld>(Scot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Advocate</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Talent; gift; endowment; dexterity; expertness; cleverness; readiness; ability; knack.</syn>

<h1>Facund</h1>
<Xpage=537>

<hw>Fac"und</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>facundus</ets>, fr. <ets>fari</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>Eloquent.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Facundious</h1>
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<hw>Fa*cun"di*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>facundiosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Eloquement; full of words.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Facundity</h1>
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<hw>Fa*cun"di*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>facunditas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Eloquence; readiness of speech.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Fad</h1>
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<hw>Fad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Faddle</er>.]</ety> <def>A hobby ; freak; whim.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fad"dist</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>It is your favorite <b>fad</b> to draw plans.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Faddle</h1>
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<hw>Fad"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Fiddle</er>, <er>Fiddle-faddle</er>.]</ety> <def>To trifle; to toy.</def> -- <def2><tt>v. t. </tt> <def>To fondle; to dandle.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></def2>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Fade</h1>
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<hw>Fade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., prob. fr. L. <ets>vapidus</ets> vapid, or possibly fr,<ets>fatuus</ets> foolish, insipid.]</ety> <def>Weak; insipid; tasteless; commonplace.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Passages that are somewhat <i>fade</i>."

<i>Jeffrey.</i>

<blockquote>His masculine taste gave him a sense of something <b>fade</b> and ludicrous.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fade</h1>
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<hw>Fade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Faded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>faden</ets>, <ets>vaden</ets>, prob. fr. <ets>fade</ets>, <tt>a.</tt>; cf. Prov. D. <ets>vadden</ets> to fade, wither, <ets>vaddigh languid</ets>, <ets>torpid</ets>. <ets>Cf</ets>. <er>Fade</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Vade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become fade; to grow weak; to lose strength; to decay; to perish gradually; to wither, as a plant.</def>

<blockquote>The earth mourneth and <b>fadeth</b> away.
<i>Is. xxiv. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lose freshness, color, or brightness; to become faint in hue or tint; hence, to be wanting in color.</def> "Flowers that never <i>fade</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To sink away; to disappear gradually; to grow dim; to vanish.</def>

<blockquote>The stars shall <b>fade</b> away.
<i>Addison</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He makes a swanlike end,
<b>Fading</b> in music.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fade</h1>
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<hw>Fade</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to wither; to deprive of freshness or vigor; to wear away.</def>

<blockquote>No winter could his laurels <b>fade</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Faded</h1>
<Xpage=537>

<hw>Fad"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That has lost freshness, color, or brightness; grown dim.</def> "His <i>faded</i> cheek."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Where the <b>faded</b> moon
Made a dim silver twilight.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fadedly</h1>
<Xpage=537>

<hw>Fad"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a faded manner.</def>

<blockquote>A dull room <b>fadedly</b> furnished.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fadeless</h1>
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<hw>Fade"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not liable to fade; unfading.</def>

<h1>Fader</h1>
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<hw>Fa"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Father.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fadge</h1>
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<hw>Fadge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>faden</ets> to flatter, and AS. <ets>f<?/gan</ets> to join, unit, G. <ets>f\'81gen</ets>, or AS. <ets>\'bef\'91gian</ets> to depict; all perh. form the same root as E. <ets>fair</ets>. Cf. <er>Fair</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Fay</er> to fit.]</ety> <def>To fit; to suit; to agree.</def>

<blockquote>They shall be made, spite of antipathy, to <b>fadge</b> together.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Well, Sir, how <b>fadges</b> the new design ?
<i>Wycherley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fadge</h1>
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<hw>Fadge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A small flat loaf or thick cake; also, a fagot.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Fading</h1>
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<hw>Fad"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Losing freshness, color, brightness, or vigor.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Loss of color, freshness, or vigor.</def></def2> -- <wordforms><wf>Fad"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fad"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fading</h1>
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<hw>Fad"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An Irish dance; also, the burden of a song.</def> "<i>Fading</i> is a fine jig." <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Fadme</h1>
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<hw>Fad"me</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fathom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fady</h1>
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<hw>Fad"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Faded.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<h1>F\'91cal</h1>
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<hw>F\'91"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Fecal</er>.</def>

<h1>F\'91ces</h1>
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<hw>F\'91"ces</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>faex</ets>, pl. <ets>faeces</ets>, dregs.]</ety> <def>Excrement; ordure; also, settlings; sediment after infusion or distillation.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>feces</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>F\'91cula</h1>
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<hw>F\'91c"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See <er>Fecula</er>.</def>

<h1>Fa\'89ry</h1>
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<hw>Fa"\'89r*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <def>Fairy.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Faffle</h1>
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<hw>Faf"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Famble</er>, <er>Maffle</er>.]</ety> <def>To stammer.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Fag</h1>
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<hw>Fag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A knot or coarse part in cloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fag</h1>
<Xpage=537>

<hw>Fag</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fagged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fagging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. LG. <ets>fakk</ets> wearied, weary, <ets>vaak</ets> slumber, drowsiness, OFries. <ets>fai</ets>, equiv. to <ets>f\'bech</ets> devoted to death, OS. <ets>f<?/gi</ets>, OHG. <ets>feigi</ets>, G. <ets>feig</ets>, <ets>feige</ets>, cowardly, Icel. <ets>feigr</ets> fated to die, AS. <ets>f<?/ge</ets>, Scot. <ets>faik</ets>, to fail, stop, lower the price; or perh. the same word as E. <ets>flag</ets> to droop.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become weary; to tire.</def>

<blockquote>Creighton withheld his force till the Italian began to <b>fag</b>.
<i>G. Mackenzie.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To labor to wearness; to work hard; to drudge.</def>

<blockquote>Read, <b>fag</b>, and subdue this chapter.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To act as a fag, or perform menial services or drudgery, for another, as in some English schools.</def>

<cs><col>To fag out</col>, <cd>to become untwisted or frayed, as the end of a rope, or the edge of canvas.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fag</h1>
<Xpage=537>

<hw>Fag</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To tire by labor; to exhaust; <as>as, he was almost <ex>fagged</ex> out</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything that fatigues.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>It is such a <b>fag</b>, I came back tired to death.
<i>Miss Austen.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Brain fag</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Cerebropathy</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fagend</h1>
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<hw>Fag"*end"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An end of poorer quality, or in a spoiled condition, as the coarser end of a web of cloth, the untwisted end of a rope, ect.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The refuse or meaner part of anything.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>fag-end</b> of business.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fagging</h1>
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<hw>Fag"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Laborious drudgery; esp., the acting as a drudge for another at an English school.</def>

<h1>Fagot</h1>
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<hw>Fag"ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., prob. aug. of L. <ets>fax</ets>, <ets>facis</ets>, torch, perh. orig., a bundle of sticks; cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bundle, fagot. Cf. <er>Fagotto</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bundle of sticks, twigs, or small branches of trees, used for fuel, for raising batteries, filling ditches, or other purposes in fortification; a fascine.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bundle of pieces of wrought iron to be worked over into bars or other shapes by rolling or hammering at a welding heat; a pile.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A bassoon. See <er>Fagotto</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A person hired to take the place of another at the muster of a company.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An old shriveled woman.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>Fagot iron</col>, <cd>iron, in bars or masses, manufactured from fagots.</cd> -- <col>Fagot vote</col>, <cd>the vote of a person who has been constituted a voter by being made a landholder, for party purposes. <mark>[Political cant, Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Fagot</h1>
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<hw>Fag"ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fagoted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fagoting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a fagot of; to bind together in a fagot or bundle; also, to collect promiscuously.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Fagotto</h1>
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<hw>Fa*got"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Fagot</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The bassoon; -- so called from being divided into parts for ease of carriage, making, as it were, a small fagot.</def>

<h1>Faham</h1>
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<hw>Fa"ham</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The leaves of an orchid (<spn>Angraecum fragrans</spn>), of the islands of Bourbon and Mauritius, used (in France) as a substitute for Chinese tea.</def>

<h1>Fahlband</h1>
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<hw>Fahl"band`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., fr. <ets>fahl</ets> dun-colored + <ets>band</ets> a band.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A stratum in crystalline rock, containing metallic sulphides.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Fahlerz, Fahlband</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fahl"erz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fahl"band</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>fahlerz</ets>; <ets>fahl</ets> dun-colored, fallow + <ets>erz</ets> ore.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Tetrahedrite</er>.</def>

<h1>Fahlunite</h1>
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<hw>Fah"lun*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Falhun</ets>, a place in Sweden.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydration of iolite.</def>

<h1>Fahrenheit</h1>
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<hw>Fah"ren*heit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <def>Conforming to the scale used by Gabriel Daniel <i>Fahrenheit</i> in the graduation of his thermometer; of or relating to Fahrenheit's thermometric scale.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The Fahrenheit termometer or scale.</def></def2>

<note>&hand; The <i>Fahrenheit thermometer</i> is so graduated that the freezing point of water is at 32 degrees above the zero of its scale, and the boiling point at 212 degrees above. It is commonly used in the United States and in England.</note>

<h1>Fa\'8bence</h1>
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<hw>Fa`\'8b*ence"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>Faenza</ets>, a town in Italy, the original place of manufacture.]</ety> <def>Glazed earthenware; esp., that which is decorated in color.</def>

<h1>Fail</h1>
<Xpage=537>

<hw>Fail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Failed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Failing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>failir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fallere</ets>, <ets>falsum</ets>, to deceive, akin to E. <ets>fall</ets>. See <er>Fail</er>, and cf. <er>Fallacy</er>, <er>False</er>, <er>Fault</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be wanting; to fall short; to be or become deficient in any measure or degree up to total absence; to cease to be furnished in the usual or expected manner, or to be altogether cut off from supply; to be lacking; <as>as, streams <ex>fail</ex>; crops <ex>fail</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>As the waters <b>fail</b> from the sea.
<i>Job xiv. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Till Lionel's issue <b>fails</b>, his should not reign.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be affected with want; to come short; to lack; to be deficient or unprovided; -- used with <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>If ever they <b>fail</b> of beauty, this failure is not be attributed to their size.
<i>Berke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fall away; to become diminished; to decline; to decay; to sink.</def>

<blockquote>When earnestly they seek
Such proof, conclude they then begin to <b>fail</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To deteriorate in respect to vigor, activity, resources, etc.; to become weaker; <as>as, a sick man <ex>fails</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To perish; to die; -- used of a person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Had the king in his last sickness <b>failed</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To be found wanting with respect to an action or a duty to be performed, a result to be secured, etc.; to miss; not to fulfill expectation.</def>

<blockquote>Take heed now that ye <b>fail</b> not to do this.
<i>Ezra iv. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Either my eyesight <b>fails</b>, or thou look'st pale.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To come short of a result or object aimed at or desired ; to be baffled or frusrated.</def>

<blockquote>Our envious foe hath <b>failed</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To err in judgment; to be mistaken.</def>

<blockquote>Which ofttimes may succeed, so as perhaps
Shall grieve him, if I <b>fail</b> not.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To become unable to meet one's engagements; especially, to be unable to pay one's debts or discharge one's business obligation; to become bankrupt or insolvent.</def>

<h1>Fail</h1>
<Xpage=537>

<hw>Fail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be wanting to ; to be insufficient for; to disappoint; to desert.</def>

<blockquote>There shall not <b>fail</b> thee a man on the throne.
<i>1 Kings ii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To miss of attaining; to lose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Though that seat of earthly bliss be <b>failed</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fail</h1>
<Xpage=537>

<hw>Fail</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>faille</ets>, from <ets>failir</ets>. See <er>Fail</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Miscarriage; failure; deficiency; fault; -- mostly superseded by <i>failure</i> or <i>failing</i>, except in the phrase <i>without fail</i>.</def> "His highness' <i>fail</i> of issue."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Death; decease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Failance</h1>
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<hw>Fail"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of. <ets>faillance</ets>, fr. <ets>faillir</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fault; failure; omission.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Fell.</i>

<h1>Failing</h1>
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<hw>Fail"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A failing short; a becoming deficient; failure; deficiency; imperfection; weakness; lapse; fault; infirmity; <as>as, a mental <ex>failing</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>And ever in her mind she cas about
For that unnoticed <b>failing</b> in herself.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of becoming insolvent of bankrupt.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Fault</er>.</syn>

<h1>Faille</h1>
<Xpage=537>

<hw>Faille</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A soft silk, heavier than a foulard and not glossy.</def>

<h1>Failure</h1>
<Xpage=537>

<hw>Fail"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fail</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cessation of supply, or total defect; a failing; deficiency; <as>as, <ex>failure</ex> of rain; <ex>failure</ex> of crops.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Omission; nonperformance; <as>as, the <ex>failure</ex> to keep a promise</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Want of success; the state of having failed.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Decau, or defect from decay; deterioration; <as>as, the <ex>failure</ex> of memory or of sight</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A becoming insolvent; bankruptcy; suspension of payment; <as>as, <ex>failure</ex> in business</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A failing; a slight fault.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Fain</h1>
<Xpage=537>

<hw>Fain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fain</ets>, <ets>fagen</ets>, AS. <ets>f\'91gen</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>fagan</ets>, Icel. <ets>faginn</ets> glad; AS. <ets>f\'91gnian</ets> to rejoice, OS. <ets>fagan&omac;n</ets>, Icel. <ets>fagna</ets>, Goth. <ets>fagin&omac;n</ets>, cf. Goth. <ets>fah&emac;ds</ets> joy; and fr. the same root as E. <ets>fair</ets>. Srr <er>Fair</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Fawn</er> to court favor.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Well-pleased; glad; apt; wont; fond; inclined.</def>

<blockquote>Men and birds are <b>fain</b> of climbing high.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To a busy man, temptation is <b>fain</b>to climb up together with his business.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Satisfied; contented; also, constrained.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The learned Castalio was <b>fain</b> to make trechers at Basle to keep himself from starving.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fain</h1>
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<hw>Fain</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With joy; gladly; -- with <i>wold</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He would <b>fain</b> have filled his belly with the husks that the swine did eat.
<i>Luke xv. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Fain</b> Would I woo her, yet I dare not.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fain</h1>
<Xpage=537>

<hw>Fain</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To be glad ; to wish or desire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whoso fair thing does <b>fain</b> to see.
<i>Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fain\'82ant</h1>
<Xpage=537>

<hw>Fai`n\'82`ant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.; <ets>fait</ets> he does + <ets>n\'82ant</ets> nothing.]</ety> <def>Doing nothing; shiftless.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A do-nothing; an idle fellow; a sluggard.</def></def2>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Faint</h1>
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<hw>Faint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Fainter</er> <tt>(-?r)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Faintest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>faint</ets>, <ets>feint</ets>, false, faint, F. <ets>feint</ets>, p.p. of <ets>feindre</ets> to feign, suppose, hesitate. See <er>Faign</er>, and cf. <er>Feint</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lacking strength; weak; languid; inclined to swoon; <as>as, <ex>faint</ex> with fatigue, hunger, or thirst</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wanting in courage, spirit, or energy; timorous; cowardly; dejected; depressed; <as>as, "<ex>Faint</ex> heart ne'er won fair lady</as>."</def>

<i>Old Proverb.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lacking distinctness; hardly perceptible; striking the senses feebly; not bright, or loud, or sharp, or forcible; weak; <as>as, a <ex>faint</ex> color, or sound</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Performed, done, or acted, in a weak or feeble manner; not exhibiting vigor, strength, or energy; slight; <as>as, <ex>faint</ex> efforts; <ex>faint</ex> resistance.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>faint</b> prosecution of the war.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Faint</h1>
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<hw>Faint</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of fainting, or the state of one who has fainted; a swoon. <mark>[R.]</mark> See <er>Fainting</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<blockquote>The saint,
Who propped the Virgin in her <b>faint</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Faint</h1>
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<hw>Faint</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fainted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fainting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become weak or wanting in vigor; to grow feeble; to lose strength and color, and the control of the bodily or mental functions; to swoon; -- sometimes with <i>away</i>. See <er>Fainting</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<blockquote>Hearing the honor intended her, she <b>fainted</b> away.
<i>Guardian.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If I send them away fasting . . . they will <b>faint</b> by the way.
<i>Mark viii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="538">
Page 538<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sink into dejection; to lose courage or spirit; to become depressed or despondent.</def>

<blockquote>If thou <b>faint</b> in the day of adversity, thy strength is small.
<i>Prov. xxiv. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To decay; to disappear; to vanish.</def>

<blockquote>Gilded clouds, while we gaze upon them, <b>faint</b> before the eye.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Faint</h1>
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<hw>Faint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to faint or become dispirited; to depress; to weaken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It <b>faints</b> me to think what follows.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fainthearted</h1>
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<hw>Faint"*heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wanting in courage; depressed by fear; easily discouraged or frightened; cowardly; timorous; dejected.</def>

<blockquote>Fear not, neither be <b>faint-hearted</b>.
<i>Is. vii. 4.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Faint"*heart`ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Faint"*heart`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fainting</h1>
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<hw>Faint"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Syncope, or loss of consciousness owing to a sudden arrest of the blood supply to the brain, the face becoming pallid, the respiration feeble, and the heat's beat weak.</def>

<cs><col>Fainting fit</col>, <cd>a fainting or swoon; syncope. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Faintish</h1>
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<hw>Faint"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Slightly faint; somewhat faint.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Faint"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Faintling</h1>
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<hw>Faint"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Timorous; feeble-minded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>fainting</i>, silly creature."

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Faintly</h1>
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<hw>Faint"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a faint, weak, or timidmanner.</def>

<h1>Faintness</h1>
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<hw>Faint"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being faint; loss of strength, or of consciousness, and self-control.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Want of vigor or energy.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Feebleness, as of color or light; lack of distinctness; <as>as, <ex>faintness</ex> of description</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Faint-heartedness; timorousness; dejection.</def>

<blockquote>I will send a <b>faintness</b> into their hearts.
<i>Lev. xxvi. 36.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Faints</h1>
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<hw>Faints</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <def>The impure spirit which comes over first and last in the distillation of whisky; -- the former being called the <i>strong faints</i>, and the latter, which is much more abundant, the <i>weak faints</i>. This crude spirit is much impregnated with fusel oil.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Fainty</h1>
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<hw>Faint"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Feeble; languid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Fair</h1>
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<hw>Fair</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Fairer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Fairest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fair</ets>, <ets>fayer</ets>, <ets>fager</ets>, AS. <ets>f\'91ger</ets>; akin to OS. & OHG. <ets>fagar</ets>, Isel. <ets>fagr</ets>, Sw. <ets>fager</ets>, Dan. <ets>faver</ets>, Goth. <ets>fagrs</ets> fit, also to E. <ets>fay</ets>, G. <ets>f\'81gen</ets>, to fit. <ets>fegen</ets> to sweep, cleanse, and prob. also to E. <ets>fang</ets>, <ets>peace</ets>, <ets>pact</ets>, Cf. <er>Fang</er>, <er>Fain</er>, <er>Fay</er> to fit.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Free from spots, specks, dirt, or imperfection; unblemished; clean; pure.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>fair</b> white linen cloth.
<i>Book of Common Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pleasing to the eye; handsome; beautiful.</def>

<blockquote>Who can not see many a <b>fair</b> French city, for one <b>fair</b> French made.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Without a dark hue; light; clear; <as>as, a <ex>fair</ex> skin</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The northern people large and <b>fair</b>-complexioned.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not overcast; cloudless; clear; pleasant; propitious; favorable; -- said of the sky, weather, or wind, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>fair</ex> sky; a <ex>fair</ex> day.</as></def>

<blockquote>You wish <b>fair</b> winds may waft him over.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Free from obstacles or hindrances; unobstructed; unincumbered; open; direct; -- said of a road, passage, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>fair</ex> mark; in <ex>fair</ex> sight; a <ex>fair</ex> view.</as></def>

<blockquote>The caliphs obtained a mighty empire, which was in a <i>fair</i> way to have enlarged.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>Without sudden change of direction or curvature; smooth; fowing; -- said of the figure of a vessel, and of surfaces, water lines, and other lines.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Characterized by frankness, honesty, impartiality, or candor; open; upright; free from suspicion or bias; equitable; just; -- said of persons, character, or conduct; <as>as, a <ex>fair</ex> man; <ex>fair</ex> dealing; a <ex>fair</ex> statement.</as></def> "I would call it <i>fair</i> play."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Pleasing; favorable; inspiring hope and confidence; -- said of words, promises, etc.</def>

<blockquote>When <b>fair</b> words and good counsel will not prevail on us, we must be frighted into our duty.
<i>L' Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Distinct; legible; <as>as, <ex>fair</ex> handwriting</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Free from any marked characteristic; average; middling; <as>as, a <ex>fair</ex> specimen</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The news is very <b>fair</b> and good, my lord.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fair ball</col>. <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A ball passing over the home base at the height called for by the batsman, and delivered by the pitcher while wholly within the lines of his position and facing the batsman.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A batted ball that falls inside the foul lines; -- called also a <altname>fair hit</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Fair maid</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The European pilchard (<spn>Clupea pilchardus</spn>) when dried.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The southern scup (<spn>Stenotomus Gardeni</spn>). [<i>Virginia</i>]</cd> -- <col>Fair one</col>, <cd>a handsome woman; a beauty,</cd> -- <col>Fair play</col>, <cd>equitable or impartial treatment; a fair or equal chance; justice.</cd> -- <col>From fair to middling</col>, <cd>passable; tolerable.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>The fair sex</col>, <cd>the female sex.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Candid; open; frank; ingenuous; clear; honest; equitable; impartial; reasonable. See <er>Candid</er>.</syn>

<h1>Fair</h1>
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<hw>Fair</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Clearly; openly; frankly; civilly; honestly; favorably; auspiciously; agreeably.</def>

<cs><col>Fair and square</col>, <cd>justly; honestly; equitably; impartially.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To bid fair</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bid</er>.</cd> -- <col>To speak fair</col>, <cd>to address with courtesy and frankness. <mark>[Archaic]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Fair</h1>
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<hw>Fair</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fairness, beauty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fair woman; a sweetheart.</def>

<blockquote>I have found out a gift for my <b>fair</b>.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Good fortune; good luck.</def>

<blockquote>Now <b>fair</b> befall thee !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The fair</col>, <cd>anything beautiful; women, collectively. "For slander's mark was ever yet <i>the fair<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fair</h1>
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<hw>Fair</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make fair or beautiful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Fairing</b> the foul.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>To make smooth and flowing, as a vessel's lines.</def>

<h1>Fair</h1>
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<hw>Fair</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>feire</ets>, OF. <ets>feire</ets>, F. <ets>foire</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fariae</ets>, pl., days of rest, holidays, festivals, akin to <ets>festus</ets> festal. See <er>Feast</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A gathering of buyers and sellers, assembled at a particular place with their merchandise at a stated or regular season, or by special appointment, for trade.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A festival, and sale of fancy articles. erc., usually for some charitable object; <as>as, a Grand Army <ex>fair</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A competitive exhibition of wares, farm products, etc., not primarily for purposes of sale; <as>as, the Mechanics' <ex>fair</ex>; an agricultural <ex>fair</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>After the fair</col>, <cd>Too late.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Fair-haired</h1>
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<hw>Fair"-haired`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having fair or light-colored hair.</def>

<h1>Fairhood</h1>
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<hw>Fair"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fairness; beauty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Fairily</h1>
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<hw>Fair"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a fairy.</def>

<blockquote>Numerous as shadows haunting <b>fairily</b>
<b>The brain</b>.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fairing</h1>
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<hw>Fair"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A present; originally, one given or purchased at a fair.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<cs><col>Fairing box</col>, <cd>a box receiving savings or small sums of money.</cd></cs>

<i>Hannah More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fairish</h1>
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<hw>Fair"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tolerably fair.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>W. D. Howells.</i>

<h1>Fair-leader</h1>
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<hw>Fair"-lead`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A block, or ring, serving as a guide for the running rigging or for any rope.</def>

<h1>Fairly</h1>
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<hw>Fair"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a fairmanner; clearly; openly; plainly; fully; distinctly; frankly.</def>

<blockquote>Even the nature of Mr. Dimmesdale's disease had never <b>fairly</b> been revealed to him.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Favorably; auspiciously; commodiously; <as>as, a town <ex>fairly</ex> situated for foreign traade</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Honestly; properly.</def>

<blockquote>Such means of comfort or even luxury, as lay <b>fairly</b> within their grasp.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Softly; quietly; gently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Fair-minded</h1>
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<hw>Fair"-mind`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unprejudiced; just; judicial; honest.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fair"*mind`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fair-natured</h1>
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<hw>Fair"-na`tured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Well-disposed.</def> "A <i>fair-natured</i> prince."

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Fairness</h1>
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<hw>Fair"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being fair, or free form spots or stains, as of the skin; honesty, as of dealing; candor, as of an argument, etc.</def>

<h1>Faair-spoken</h1>
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<hw>Faair"-spo`ken</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Using fair speech, or uttered with fairness; bland; civil; courteous; plausible.</def> "A marvelous <i>fair-spoken</i> man."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Fairway</h1>
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<hw>Fair"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The navigable part of a river, bay, etc., through which vessels enter or depart; the part of a harbor or channel ehich is kept open and unobstructed for the passage of vessels.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<-- [2]. That part of a golf course between the tee and the green which is of closely mowed grass, as contrasted to <i>the rough</i>. -->

<h1>Fair-weather</h1>
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<hw>Fair"-weath`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made or done in pleasant weather, or in circumstances involving but little exposure or sacrifice; <as>as, a <ex>fair-weather</ex> voyage</as>.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Appearing only when times or circumstances are prosperous; <as>as, a <ex>fair-weather</ex> friend</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Fair-weather sailor</col>, <cd>a make-believe or inexperienced sailor; -- the nautical equivalent of <i>carpet knight<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fair-world</h1>
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<hw>Fair"-world`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of prosperity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They think it was never <b>fair-world</b> with them since.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fairy</h1>
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<hw>Fair"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fairies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>fairie</ets>, <ets>faierie</ets>, enchantment, fairy folk, fairy, OF. <ets>faerie</ets> enchantment, F. <ets>f\'82er</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>Fata</ets> one of the goddesses of fate. See <er>Fate</er>, and cf. <er>Fay</er> a fairy.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>fa\'89ry</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Enchantment; illusion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>The God of her has made an end,
And fro this worlde's <b>fairy</b>
Hath taken her into company.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The country of the fays; land of illusions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He [Arthur] is a king y-crowned in <b>Fairy</b>.
<i>Lydgate.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An imaginary supernatural being or spirit, supposed to assume a human form (usually diminutive), either male or female, and to meddle for good or evil in the affairs of mankind; a fay. See <er>Elf</er>, and <er>Demon</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The fourth kind of spirit [is] called the <b>Fairy</b>.
<i>K. James.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And now about the caldron sing,
Like elves and <b>fairies</b> in a ring.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An enchantress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Fairy of the mine</col>, <cd>an imaginary being supposed to inhabit mines, etc. German folklore tells of two species; one fierce and malevolent, the other gentle, See <er>Kobold</er>.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>No goblin or swart <b>fairy of the mine</b>
Hath hurtful power over true virginity.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fairy</h1>
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<hw>Fair"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to fairies.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Given by fairies; <as>as, <ex>fairy</ex> money</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<cs><col>Fairy bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Euoropean little tern (<spn>Sterna minuta</spn>); -- called also <altname>sea swallow</altname>, and <altname>hooded tern</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Fairy bluebird</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Bluebird</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fairy martin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European swallow (<spn>Hirrundo ariel</spn>) that builds flask-shaped nests of mud on overhanging cliffs.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fairy</col> <col>rings &or; circles</col></mcol>, <cd>the circles formed in grassy lawns by certain fungi (as <spn>Marasmius Oreades</spn>), formerly supposed to be caused by fairies in their midnight dances.</cd> -- <col>Fairy shrimp</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European fresh-water phyllopod crustacean (<spn>Chirocephalus diaphanus</spn>); -- so called from its delicate colors, transparency, and graceful motions. The name is sometimes applied to similar American species.</cd> -- <col>Fairy stone</col> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld>, <cd>an echinite.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fairyland</h1>
<Xpage=538>

<hw>Fair"y*land`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The imaginary land or abode of fairies.</def>

<h1>Fairylike</h1>
<Xpage=538>

<hw>Fair"y*like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a fairy, or what is made or done be fairies; <as>as, <ex>fairylike</ex> music</as>.</def>

<h1>Faith</h1>
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<hw>Faith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>feith</ets>, <ets>fayth</ets>, <ets>fay</ets>, OF. <ets>feid</ets>, <ets>feit</ets>, <ets>fei</ets>, F. <ets>foi</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fides</ets>; akin to <ets>fidere</ets> to trust, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to persuade. The ending <ets>th</ets> is perhaps due to the influence of such words as <ets>truth</ets>, <ets>health</ets>, <ets>wealth</ets>. See <er>Bid</er>, <er>Bide</er>, and cf. <er>Confide</er>, <er>Defy</er>, <er>Fealty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belief; the assent of the mind to the truth of what is declared by another, resting solely and implicitly on his authority and veracity; reliance on testimony.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The assent of the mind to the statement or proposition of another, on the ground of the manifest truth of what he utters; firm and earnest belief, on probable evidence of any kind, especially in regard to important moral truth.</def>

<blockquote><b>Faith</b>, that is, fidelity, -- the fealty of the finite will and understanding to the reason.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The belief in the historic truthfulness of the Scripture narrative, and the supernatural origin of its teachings, sometimes called <i>historical</i> and <i>speculative</i> faith.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The belief in the facts and truth of the Scriptures, with a practical love of them; especially, that confiding and affectionate belief in the person and work of Christ, which affects the character and life, and makes a man a true Christian, -- called a <i>practical</i>, <i>evangelical</i>, or <i>saving</i> faith.</def>

<blockquote>Without <b>faith</b> it is impossible to please him [God].
<i>Heb. xi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>faith</b> of the gospel is that emotion of the mind which is called "trust" or "confidence" exercised toward the moral character of God, and particularly of the Savior.
<i>Dr. T. Dwight.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Faith</b> is an affectionate, practical confidence in the testimony of God.
<i>J. Hawes.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is believed on any subject, whether in science, politics, or religion; especially <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, a system of religious belief of any kind; <as>as, the Jewish or Mohammedan <ex>faith</ex>; and especially, the system of truth taught by Christ; <as>as, the Christian <ex>faith</ex></as></as>; also, the creed or belief of a Christian society or church.</def>

<blockquote>Which to believe of her,
Must be a <b>faith</b> that reason without miracle
Could never plant in me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now preacheth the <b>faith</b> which once he destroyed.
<i>Gal. i. 23.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Fidelity to one's promises, or allegiance to duty, or to a person honored and beloved; loyalty.</def>

<blockquote>Children in whom is no <b>faith</b>.
<i>Deut. xxvii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whose failing, while her <b>faith</b> to me remains,
I should conceal.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Word or honor pledged; promise given; fidelity; <as>as, he violated his <ex>faith</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>For you alone
I broke me <b>faith</b> with injured Palamon.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Credibility or truth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>faith</b> of the foregoing narrative.
<i>Mitford.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Act of faith</col>. <cd>See <er>Auto-da-f\'82</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Breach of faith</col>, <col>Confession of faith</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Breach</er>, <er>Confession</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Faith cure</col>, <cd>a method or practice of treating diseases by prayer and the exercise of faith in God.</cd> -- <col>In good faith</col>, <cd>with perfect sincerity.</cd></cs>
<-- faith healing, faith healer = faith cure. -->

<h1>Faith</h1>
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<hw>Faith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>By my faith; in truth; verily.</def>

<h1>Faithed</h1>
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<hw>Faithed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having faith or a faith; honest; sincere.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Make thy words <i>faithed</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Faithful</h1>
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<hw>Faith"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of faith, or having faith; disposed to believe, especially in the declarations and promises of God.</def>

<blockquote>You are not <b>faithful</b>, sir.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Firm in adherence to promises, oaths, contracts, treaties, or other engagements.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>faithful</b> God, which keepeth covenant and mercy with them that love him.
<i>Deut. vii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>True and constant in affection or allegiance to a person to whom one is bound by a vow, be ties of love, gratitude, or honor, as to a husband, a prince, a friend; firm in the observance of duty; loyal; of true fidelity; <as>as, a <ex>faithful</ex> husband or servant</as>.</def>

<blockquote>So spake the seraph Abdiel, <b>faithful</b> found,
Among the faithless, <b>faithful</b> only he.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Worthy of confidence and belief; conformable to truth ot fact; exact; accurate; <as>as, a <ex>faithful</ex> narrative or representation</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It is a <b>faithful</b> saying.
<i>2 Tim. ii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The Faithful</col>, <cd>the adherents of any system of religious belief; esp. used as an epithet of the followers of Mohammed.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Trusty; honest; upright; sincere; veracious; trustworthy.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Faith"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -<wf>Faith"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Faithless</h1>
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<hw>Faith"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not believing; not giving credit.</def>

<blockquote>Be not <b>faithless</b>, but believing.
<i>John xx. 27.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not believing on God or religion; specifically, not believing in the Christian religion.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not observant of promises or covenants.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not true to allegiance, duty, or vows; perfidious; trecherous; disloyal; not of true fidelity; inconstant, as a husband or a wife.</def>

<blockquote>A most unnatural and <b>faithless</b> service.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Serving to disappoint or deceive; delusive; unsatisfying.</def> "Yonder <i>faithless</i> phantom."

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Faith"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt><wf>Faith"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Faitour</h1>
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<hw>Fai"tour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>faitor</ets> a doer, L. <ets>factor</ets>. See <er>Factor</er>.]</ety> <def>A doer or actor; particularly, an evil doer; a scoundrel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lo! <b>faitour</b>, there thy meed unto thee take.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fake</h1>
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<hw>Fake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Scot. <ets>faik</ets> fold, stratum of stone, AS. <ets>f\'91c</ets> space, interval, G. <ets>fach</ets> compartment, partition, row, and E. <ets>fay</ets> to fit.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of the circles or windings of a cable or hawser, as it lies in a coil; a single turn or coil.</def>

<h1>Fake</h1>
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<hw>Fake</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To coil (a rope, line, or hawser), by winding alternately in opposite directions, in layers usually of zigzag or figure of eight form,, to prevent twisting when running out.</def>

<cs><col>Faking box</col>, <cd>a box in which a long rope is faked; used in the life-saving service for a line attached to a shot.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fake</h1>
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<hw>Fake</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gael. <ets>faigh</ets> to get, acquire, reach, or OD. <ets>facken</ets> to catch or gripe.]</ety> <mark>[<it>Slang in all its senses.</it>]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cheat; to swindle; to steal; to rob.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make; to construct; to do.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To manipulate fraudulently, so as to make an object appear better or other than it really is; <as>as, to <ex>fake</ex> a bulldog, by burning his upper lip and thus artificially shortening it</as>.</def>

<h1>Fake</h1>
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<hw>Fake</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A trick; a swindle.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Fakir</h1>
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<hw>Fa"kir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>faq\'c6r</ets> poor.]</ety> <def>An Oriental religious ascetic or begging monk.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>faquir</asp> anf <asp>fakeer</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Falanaka</h1>
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<hw>Fa"la*na"ka</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A viverrine mammal of Madagascar (<spn>Eupleres Goudotii</spn>), allied to the civet; -- called also <altname>Falanouc</altname>.</def>

<h1>Falcade</h1>
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<hw>Fal*cade"</hw> <tt>(f&acr;l*k&amac;d")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., ultimately fr. L. <ets>falx</ets>, <ets>falcis</ets>, a sickle or scythe.]</ety> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>The action of a horse, when he throws himself on his haunches two or three times, bending himself, as it were, in very quick curvets.</def>

<i>Harris.</i>

<hr>
<page="539">
Page 539<p>

<h1>Falcate, Falcated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fal"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fal"ca*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>falcatus</ets>, fr. <ets>falx</ets>, <ets>falcis</ets>, a sickle or scythe.]</ety> <def>Hooked or bent like a sickle; <as>as, a <ex>falcate</ex> leaf; a <ex>falcate</ex> claw</as>; -- said also of the moon, or a planet, when horned or crescent-formed.</def>

<h1>Falcation</h1>
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<hw>Fal*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being falcate; a bend in the form of a sickle.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Falcer</h1>
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<hw>Fal"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>falx</ets>, <ets>falcis</ets>, a sickle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the mandibles of a spider.</def>

<h1>Falchion</h1>
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<hw>Fal"chion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fauchon</ets>, OF. <ets>fauchon</ets>, LL. <ets>f\'84lcio</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>falx</ets>, <ets>falcis</ets>, a sickle, cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a ship's rib, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ bandy-legged; perh, akin to E. <ets>falcon</ets>; cf. It. <ets>falcione</ets>. Cf. <er>Defalcation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A broad-bladed sword, slightly curved, shorter and lighter than the ordinary sword; -- used in the Middle Ages.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A name given generally and poetically to a sword, especially to the swords of Oriental and fabled warriors.</def>

<h1>Falcidian</h1>
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<hw>Fal*cid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Falcidius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Publius Falcidius, a Roman tribune.</def>

<cs><col>Falcidian law</col> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld>, <cd>a law by which a testator was obliged to leave at least a fourth of his estate to the heir.</cd></cs>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Falciform</h1>
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<hw>Fal"ci*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>falx</ets>, <ets>falcis</ets>, a sickle + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>falciforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the shape of a scithe or sickle; resembling a reaping hook; <as>as, the <ex>falciform</ex> ligatment of the liver</as>.</def>

<h1>Falcon</h1>
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<hw>Fal"con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>faucon</ets>, <ets>faucoun</ets>, OF. <ets>faucon</ets>, <ets>falcon</ets>, <?/. <ets>faucon</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>falco</ets>, perh. from L. <ets>falx, falcis</ets>, a sickle or scythe, and named from its curving talons. Cf. <er>Falchion</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of a family (<spn>Falconid\'91</spn>) of raptorial birds, characterized by a short, hooked beak, strong claws, and powerful flight.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any species of the genus <spn>Falco</spn>, distinguished by having a toothlike lobe on the upper mandible; especially, one of this genus trained to the pursuit of other birds, or game.</def>

<blockquote>In the language of falconry, the female peregrine (<spn>Falco peregrinus</spn>) is exclusively called the <b>falcon</b>.
<i>Yarrell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>An ancient form of cannon.</def>

<cs><col>Chanting falcon</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Chanting</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Falconer</h1>
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<hw>Fal"con*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fauconer</ets>, OF. <ets>falconier</ets>, <ets>fauconier</ets>, F. <ets>fauconnier</ets>. See <er>Falcon</er>.]</ety> <def>A person who breeds or trains hawks for taking birds or game; one who follows the sport of fowling with hawks.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Falconet</h1>
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<hw>Fal"co*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>falcon</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fauconneau</ets>, LL. <ets>falconeta</ets>, properly, a young falcon.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the smaller cannon used in the 15th century and later.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of several very small Asiatic falcons of the genus <spn>Microhierax</spn>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of a group of Australian birds of the genus <spn>Falcunculus</spn>, resembling shrikes and titmice.</def>

<h1>Falcongentil</h1>
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<hw>Fal"con*gen`til</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>faucon-gentil</ets>. See <er>Falcon</er>, and <er>Genteel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The female or young of the goshawk (<spn>Astur palumbarius</spn>).</def>

<h1>Falconine</h1>
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<hw>Fal"co*nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like a falcon or hawk; belonging to the <spn>Falconid\'91</spn></def>

<h1>Falconry</h1>
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<hw>Fal"con*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fauconnerie</ets>. See <er>Falcon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of training falcons or hawks to pursue and attack wild fowl or game.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sport of taking wild fowl or game by means of falcons or hawks.</def>

<h1>Falcula</h1>
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<hw>Fal"cu*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a small sickle, a billhook.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A curved and sharp-pointed claw.</def>

<h1>Falculate</h1>
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<hw>Fal"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Curved and sharppointed, like a falcula, or claw of a falcon.</def>

<h1>Faldage</h1>
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<hw>Fald"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>faldagium</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>fald</ets>, E. <ets>fold</ets>. Cf. <er>Foldage</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A privilege of setting up, and moving about, folds for sheep, in any fields within manors, in order to manure them; -- often reserved to himself by the lord of the manor.</def>

<i>Spelman.</i>

<h1>Faldfee</h1>
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<hw>Fald"fee`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fald</ets> (E.<ets>fold</ets>) + E. <ets>fee</ets>. See <er>Faldage</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A fee or rent paid by a tenant for the privilege of faldage on his own ground.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Falding</h1>
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<hw>Fald"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A frieze or rough-napped cloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Faldistory</h1>
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<hw>Fal"dis*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>faldistorium</ets>, <ets>faldestorium</ets>, from OHG. <ets>faldstuol</ets>; <ets>faldan</ets>, <ets>faltan</ets>, to fold (G. <ets>falten</ets>) + <ets>stuol</ets> stool. So called because it could be folded or laid together. See <er>Fold</er>, and <er>Stool</er>, and cf. <er>Faldstool</er>, <er>Fauteuil</er>.]</ety> <def>The throne or seat of a bishop within the chancel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Faldstool</h1>
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<hw>Fald"stool`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Faldistory</er>.]</ety> <def>A folding stool, or portable seat, made to fold up in the manner of a camo stool. It was formerly placed in the choir for a bishop, when he offciated in any but his own cathedral church.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<note>&hand; In the modern practice of the Church of England, the term <i>faldstool</i> is given to the reading desk from which the litany is read. This esage is a relic of the ancient use of a lectern folding like a camp stool.</note>

<h1>Falernian</h1>
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<hw>Fa*ler"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Mount Falernus, in Italy; <as>as, <ex>Falernian</ex>wine</as>.</def>

<h1>Falk</h1>
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<hw>Falk</hw> <tt>(f&add;k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The razorbill.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>falc</asp>, and <asp>faik</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Fall</h1>
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<hw>Fall</hw> <tt>(f&add;l)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Fell</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Fallen</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Falling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>feallan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vallen</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>fallan</ets>, G. <ets>fallen</ets>, Icel. <ets>Falla</ets>, Sw. <ets>falla</ets>, Dan. <ets>falde</ets>, Lith. <ets>pulti</ets>, L. <ets>fallere</ets> to deceive, Gr. <grk>sfa`llein</grk> to cause to fall, Skr. <ets>sphal</ets>, <ets>sphul</ets>, to tremble. Cf. <er>Fail</er>, <er>Fell</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, to cause to fall.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To Descend, either suddenly or gradually; particularly, to descend by the force of gravity; to drop; to sink; <as>as, the apple <ex>falls</ex>; the tide <ex>falls</ex>; the mercury <ex>falls</ex> in the barometer.</as></def>

<blockquote>I beheld Satan as lightning <b>fall</b> from heaven.
<i>Luke x. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cease to be erect; to take suddenly a recumbent posture; to become prostrate; to drop; <as>as, a child totters and <ex>falls</ex>; a tree <ex>falls</ex>; a worshiper <ex>falls</ex> on his knees.</as></def>

<blockquote>I <b>fell</b> at his feet to worship him.
<i>Rev. xix. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To find a final outlet; to discharge its waters; to empty; -- with <i>into</i>; <as>as, the river Rhone <ex>falls</ex> into the Mediterranean</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To become prostrate and dead; to die; especially, to die by violence, as in battle.</def>

<blockquote>A thousand shall <b>fall</b> at thy side.
<i>Ps. xci. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He rushed into the field, and, foremost fighting, <b>fell</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To cease to be active or strong; to die away; to lose strength; to subside; to become less intense; <as>as, the wind <ex>falls</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To issue forth into life; to be brought forth; -- said of the young of certain animals.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To decline in power, glory, wealth, or importance; to become insignificant; to lose rank or position; to decline in weight, value, price etc.; to become less; <as>as, the <ex>falls</ex>; stocks <ex>fell</ex> two points.</as></def>

<blockquote>I am a poor <b>falle</b> man, unworthy now
To be thy lord and master.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The greatness of these Irish lords suddenly <b>fell</b> and vanished.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To be overthrown or captured; to be destroyed.</def>

<blockquote>Heaven and earth will witness,
If Rome must <b>fall</b>, that we are innocent.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To descend in character or reputation; to become degraded; to sink into vice, error, or sin; to depart from the faith; to apostatize; to sin.</def>

<blockquote>Let us labor therefore to enter into that rest, lest any man <b>fall</b> after the same example of unbelief.
<i>Heb. iv. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To become insnared or embarrassed; to be entrapped; to be worse off than before; asm to <i>fall</i> into error; to <i>fall</i> into difficulties.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>To assume a look of shame or disappointment; to become or appear dejected; -- said of the countenance.</def>

<blockquote>Cain was very wroth, and his countenance <b>fell</b>.
<i>Gen. iv. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have observed of late thy looks are <b>fallen</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>To sink; to languish; to become feeble or faint; <as>as, our spirits rise and <ex>fall</ex> with our fortunes</as>.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>To pass somewha suddenly, and passively, into a new state of body or mind; to become; <as>as, to <ex>fall</ex> asleep; to <ex>fall</ex> into a passion; to <ex>fall</ex> in love; to <ex>fall</ex> into temptation.</as></def>

<p><b>14.</b> <def>To happen; to to come to pass; to light; to befall; to issue; to terminate.</def>

<blockquote>The Romans <b>fell</b> on this model by chance.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sit still, my daughter, until thou know how the matter will <b>fall</b>.
<i>Ruth. iii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They do not make laws, they <b>fall</b> into customs.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>15.</b> <def>To come; to occur; to arrive.</def>

<blockquote>The vernal equinox, which at the Nicene Council <b>fell</b> on the 21st of March, <b>falls</b> now [1694] about ten days sooner.
<i>Holder.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>16.</b> <def>To begin with haste, ardor, or vehemence; to rush or hurry; <as>as, they <ex>fell</ex> to blows</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They now no longer doubted, but <b>fell</b> to work heart and soul.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>17.</b> <def>To pass or be transferred by chance, lot, distribution, inheritance, or otherwise; <as>as, the estate <ex>fell</ex> to his brother; the kingdom <ex>fell</ex> into the hands of his rivals.</as></def>

<p><b>18.</b> <def>To belong or appertain.</def>

<blockquote>If to her share some female errors <b>fall</b>,
Look on her face, and you'll forget them all.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>19.</b> <def>To be dropped or uttered carelessly; <as>as, an unguarded expression <ex>fell</ex> from his lips; not a murmur <ex>fell</ex> from him.</as></def>

<cs><col>To fall abroad of</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to strike against; -- applied to one vessel coming into collision with another.</cd> -- <col>To fall among</col>, <cd>to come among accidentally or unexpectedly.</cd> -- <col>To fall astern</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to move or be driven backward; to be left behind; as, a ship <i>falls astern<i> by the force of a current, or when outsailed by another.</cd> -- <col>To fall away</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To lose flesh; to become lean or emaciated; to pine.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To renounce or desert allegiance; to revolt or rebel.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To renounce or desert the faith; to apostatize. "These . . . for a while believe, and in time of temptation <i>fall away<i>." <i>Luke viii. 13.</i></cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To perish; to vanish; to be lost. "How . . . can the soul . . . <i>fall away<i> into nothing?" <i>Addison</i>.</cd> <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To decline gradually; to fade; to languish, or become faint. "One color <i>falls away<i> by just degrees, and another rises insensibly." <i>Addison</i>.</cd> -- <col>To fall back</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To recede or retreat; to give way.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To fail of performing a promise or purpose; not to fulfill.</cd> -- <col>To fall back upon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>To retreat for safety to (a stronger position in the rear, as to a fort or a supporting body of troops).</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To have recourse to (a reserved fund, or some available expedient or support).</cd> -- <col>To fall calm</col>, <cd>to cease to blow; to become calm.</cd> -- <col>To fall down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To prostrate one's self in worship. "All kings shall <i>fall down<i> before him." <i>Ps. lxxii. 11.</i></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To sink; to come to the ground. "<i>Down fell<i> the beauteous youth." <i>Dryden</i>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To bend or bow, as a suppliant.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To sail or drift toward the mouth of a river or other outlet.</cd> -- <col>To fall flat</col>, <cd>to produce no response or result; to fail of the intended effect; as, his speech <i>fell flat<i>.</cd> -- <col>To fall foul of</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To have a collision with; to become entangled with</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To attack; to make an assault upon.</cd> -- <col>To fall from</col>, <cd>to recede or depart from; not to adhere to; as, <i>to fall from<i> an agreement or engagement; <i>to fall from<i> allegiance or duty.</cd> -- <col>To fall from grace</col> <fld>(M. E. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>to sin; to withdraw from the faith.</cd> -- <col>To fall home</col> <fld>(Ship Carp.)</fld>, <cd>to curve inward; -- said of the timbers or upper parts of a ship's side which are much within a perpendicular.</cd> -- <col>To fall in</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To sink inwards; as, the roof <i>fell in<i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>To take one's proper or assigned place in line; as, <i>to fall in<i> on the right.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To come to an end; to terminate; to lapse; <as>as, on the death of Mr. B., the annuuity, which he had so long received, <ex>fell in</ex></as>.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To become operative. "The reversion, to which he had been nominated twenty years before, <i>fell in<i>." <i>Macaulay</i>.</cd> -- <col>To fall into one's hands</col>, <cd>to pass, often suddenly or unexpectedly, into one's ownership or control; as, to spike cannon when they are likely <i>to fall into the hands<i> of the enemy.</cd> -- <col>To fall in with</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To meet with accidentally; as, <i>to fall in with<i> a friend.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To meet, as a ship; also, to discover or come near, as land.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To concur with; to agree with; as, the measure <i>falls in with<i> popular opinion.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To comply; to yield to. "You will find it difficult to persuade learned men <i>to fall in with<i> your projects." <i>Addison</i>.</cd> -- <col>To fall off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To drop; as, fruits <i>fall off<i> when ripe.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To withdraw; to separate; to become detached; as, friends <i>fall off<i> in adversity. "Love cools, friendship <i>falls off<i>, brothers divide." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To perish; to die away; as, words <i>fall off<i> by disuse.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To apostatize; to forsake; to withdraw from the faith, or from allegiance or duty.</cd>

<blockquote>Those captive tribes . . . <b>fell off</b>
From God to worship calves.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To forsake; to abandon; as, his customers <i>fell off</i>.</cd> <sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To depreciate; to change for the worse; to deteriorate; to become less valuable, abundant, or interesting; <as>as, a <i>falling off</i> in the wheat crop; the magazine or the review <i>falls off</i></as>. "O Hamlet, what a <i>falling off</i> was there!" <i>Shak</i>.</cd> <sd>(g)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To deviate or trend to the leeward of the point to which the head of the ship was before directed; to fall to leeward.</cd> -- <col>To fall on</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To meet with; to light upon; as, we have <i>fallen on</i> evil days.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To begin suddenly and eagerly. "<i>Fall on</i>, and try the appetite to eat." <i>Dryden</i>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To begin an attack; to assault; to assail. "<i>Fall on</i>, <i>fall on</i>, and hear him not." <i>Dryden</i>.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To drop on; to descend on.</cd> -- <col>To fall out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To quarrel; to begin to contend.</cd>

<blockquote>A soul exasperated in ills <b>falls out</b>
With everything, its friend, itself.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To happen; to befall; to chance.</cd> "There <i>fell out</i> a bloody quarrel betwixt the frogs and the mice." <i>L'Estrange</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>To leave the ranks, as a soldier.</cd> -- <col>To fall over</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To revolt; to desert from one side to another.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To fall beyond.</cd> <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>To fall short</col>, <cd>to be deficient; as, the corn <i>falls short</i>; they all <i>fall short</i> in duty.</cd> -- <col>To fall through</col>, <cd>to come to nothing; to fail; as, the engageent <i>has fallen through</i>.</cd> -- <col>To fall to</col>, <cd>to begin.</cd> "<i>Fall to</i>, with eager joy, on homely food." <i>Dryden</i>. -- <col>To fall under</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To come under, or within the limits of; to be subjected to; as, they <i>fell under</i> the jurisdiction of the emperor.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To come under; to become the subject of; <as>as, this point did not <ex>fall under</ex> the cognizance or deliberations of the court; these things do not <ex>fall under</ex> human sight or observation.</as></cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To come within; to be ranged or reckoned with; to be subordinate to in the way of classification; <as>as, these substances <ex>fall under</ex> a different class or order.</as></cd> -- <col>To fall upon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To attack.</cd> [See <cref>To fall on</cref>.] <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To attempt; to have recourse to.</cd> "I do not intend <i>to fall upon</i> nice disquisitions." <i>Holder</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <i><cd>To rush against.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; <i>Fall</i> primarily denotes descending motion, either in a perpendicular or inclined direction, and, in most of its applications, implies, <i>literally</i> or <i>figuratively</i>, velocity, haste, suddenness, or violence. Its use is so various, and so mush diversified by modifying words, that it is not easy to enumerate its senses in all its applications.</note>

<h1>Fall</h1>
<Xpage=539>

<hw>Fall</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To let fall; to drop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For every tear he <b>falls</b>, a Trojan bleeds.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sink; to depress; <as>as, to <ex>fall</ex> the voice</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To diminish; to lessen or lower.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Upon lessening interest to four per cent, you <b>fall</b> the price of your native commodities.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To bring forth; <as>as, to <ex>fall</ex> lambs</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To fell; to cut down; <as>as, to <ex>fall</ex> a tree</as>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Fall</h1>
<Xpage=539>

<hw>Fall</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of falling; a dropping or descending be the force of gravity; descent; <as>as, a <ex>fall</ex> from a horse, or from the yard of ship</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of dropping or tumbling from an erect posture; <as>as, he was walking on ice, and had a <ex>fall</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Death; destruction; overthrow; ruin.</def>

<blockquote>They thy <b>fall</b> conspire.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Pride goeth before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a <b>fall</b>.
<i>Prov. xvi. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Downfall; degradation; loss of greatness or office; termination of greatness, power, or dominion; ruin; overthrow; <as>as, the <ex>fall</ex> of the Roman empire</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Beholds thee glorious only in thy <b>fall</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The surrender of a besieged fortress or town ; <as>as, the <ex>fall</ex> of Sebastopol</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Diminution or decrease in price or value; depreciation; <as>as, the <ex>fall</ex> of prices; the <ex>fall</ex> of rents.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A sinking of tone; cadence; <as>as, the <ex>fall</ex> of the voice at the close of a sentence</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Declivity; the descent of land or a hill; a slope.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Descent of water; a cascade; a cataract; a rush of water down a precipice or steep; -- usually in the plural, sometimes in the singular; <as>as, the <ex>falls</ex> of Niagara</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>The discharge of a river or current of water into the ocean, or into a lake or pond; <as>as, the <ex>fall</ex> of the Po into the Gulf of Venice</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Extent of descent; the distance which anything falls; <as>as, the water of a stream has a <ex>fall</ex> of five feet</as>.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>The season when leaves fall from trees; autumn.</def>

<blockquote>What crowds of patients the town doctor kills,
Or how, last <b>fall</b>, he raised the weekly bills.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>That which falls; a falling; <as>as, a <ex>fall</ex> of rain; a heavy <ex>fall</ex> of snow.</as></def>

<p><b>14.</b> <def>The act of felling or cutting down.</def> "The <i>fall</i> of timber."

<i>Johnson</i>.

<p><b>15.</b> <def>Lapse or declinsion from innocence or goodness. Specifically: The first apostasy; the act of our first parents in eating the forbidden fruit; also, the apostasy of the rebellious angels.</def>

<p><b>16.</b> <def>Formerly, a kind of ruff or band for the neck; a falling band; a faule.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>17.</b> <def>That part (as one of the ropes) of a tackle to which the power is applied in hoisting.</def>

<cs><col>Fall herring</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a herring of the Atlantic (<spn>Clupea mediocris</spn>); -- also called <altname>tailor herring</altname>, and <altname>hickory shad</altname>.</cd> -- <col>To try a fall</col>, <cd>to try a bout at wrestling.</cd> <i>Shak</i>.</cs>

<h1>Fallacious</h1>
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<hw>Fal*la"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fallaciosus</ets>, fr. <ets>fallacia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fallacieux</ets>. See <er>Fallacy</er>.]</ety> <def>Embodying or pertaining to a fallacy; illogical; fitted to deceive; misleading; delusive; <as>as, <ex>fallacious</ex> arguments or reasoning</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fal*la"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -<wf>Fal*la"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<hr>
<page="540">
Page 540<p>

<h1>Fallacy</h1>
<Xpage=540>

<hw>Fal"la*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fallacies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>fallace</ets>, <ets>fallas</ets>, deception, F. <ets>fallace</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fallacia</ets>, fr. <ets>fallax</ets> deceitful, deceptive, fr. <ets>fallere</ets> to deceive. See <er>Fail</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Deceptive or false appearance; deceitfulness; that which misleads the eye or the mind; deception.</def>

<blockquote>Winning by conquest what the first man lost,
By <b>fallacy</b> surprised.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>An argument, or apparent argument, which professes to be decisive of the matter at issue, while in reality it is not; a sophism.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Deception; deceit; mistake.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Fallacy</er>, <er>Sophistry</er>. A <i>fallacy</i> is an argument which professes to be decisive, but in reality is not; <i>sophistry</i> is also false reasoning, but of so specious and subtle a kind as to render it difficult to expose its <i>fallacy</i>. Many <i>fallacies</i> are obvious, but the evil of <i>sophistry</i> lies in its consummate art. "Men are apt to suffer their minds to be misled by <i>fallacies</i> which gratify their passions. Many persons have obscured and confounded the nature of things by their wretched <i>sophistry</i>; though an act be never so sinful, they will strip it of its guilt." <i>South</i>.</usage>

<h1>Fallals</h1>
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<hw>Fal"*lals`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <def>Gay ornaments; frippery; gewgaws.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Fallax</h1>
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<hw>Fal"lax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fallax</ets> deceptive. See <er>Fallacy</er>.]</ety> <def>Cavillation; a caviling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cranmer.</i>

<h1>Fallen</h1>
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<hw>Fall"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dropped; prostrate; degraded; ruined; decreased; dead.</def>

<blockquote>Some ruined temple or <b>fallen</b> monument.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fallency</h1>
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<hw>Fal"len*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>fallentia</ets>, L. <ets>fallens</ets> p.pr of <ets>fallere</ets>.]</ety> <def>An exception.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Faller</h1>
<Xpage=540>

<hw>Fall"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, falls.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A part which acts by falling, as a stamp in a fulling mill, or the device in a spinning machine to arrest motion when a thread breaks.</def>

<h1>Fallfish</h1>
<Xpage=540>

<hw>Fall"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fresh-water fish of the United States (<spn>Semotilus bullaris</spn>); -- called also <altname>silver chub</altname>, and <altname>Shiner</altname>. The name is also applied to other allied species.</def>

<h1>Fallibility</h1>
<Xpage=540>

<hw>Fal`li*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being fallible; liability to deceive or to be deceived; <as>as, the <ex>fallibity</ex> of an argument or of an adviser</as>.</def>

<h1>Fallible</h1>
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<hw>Fal"li*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>fallibilis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fallere</ets> to deceive: cf. F. <ets>faillible</ets>. See <er>Fail</er>.]</ety> <def>Liable to fail, mistake, or err; liable to deceive or to be deceived; <as>as, all men are <ex>fallible</ex>; our opinions and hopes are <ex>fallible</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Fallibly</h1>
<Xpage=540>

<hw>Fal"li*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fallible manner.</def>

<h1>Falling</h1>
<Xpage=540>

<hw>Fall"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>from <er>Fall</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Falling away</col>, <col>Falling off</col></mcol>, etc. <cd>See <cref>To fall away</cref>, <cref>To fall off</cref>, etc., under <er>Fall</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></cd> -- <col>Falling band</col>, <cd>the plain, broad, linen collar turning down over the doublet, worn in the early part of the 17th century.</cd> -- <col>Falling sickness</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>epilepsy. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Falling star</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Shooting star</er>.</cd> -- <col>Falling stone</col>, <cd>a stone falling through the atmosphere; a meteorite; an a\'89rolite.</cd> -- <col>Falling tide</col>, <cd>the ebb tide.</cd> -- <col>Falling weather</col>, <cd>a rainy season. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <i>Bartlett.</i></cd></cs>

<h1>Fallopian</h1>
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<hw>Fal*lo"pi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Fallopius</ets>, or <ets>Fallopio</ets>, a physician of Modena, who died in 1562.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or discovered by, Fallopius; <as>as, the <ex>Fallopian</ex> tubes or oviducts, the ducts or canals which conduct the ova from the ovaries to the uterus</as>.</def>

<h1>Fallow</h1>
<Xpage=540>

<hw>Fal"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fealu</ets>, <ets>fealo</ets>, pale yellow or red; akin to D. <ets>vaal</ets> fallow, faded, OHG. <ets>falo</ets>, G. <ets>falb</ets>, <ets>fahl</ets>, Icel. <ets>f\'94lr</ets>, and prob. to Lith. <ets>palvas</ets>, OSlav. plav<?/ white, L. <ets>pallidus</ets> pale, <ets>pallere</ets> to be pale, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ gray, Skr. <ets>palita</ets>. Cf. <er>Pale</er>, <er>Favel</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Favor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pale red or pale yellow; <as>as, a <ex>fallow</ex> deer or greyhound</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Fallow</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Left untilled or unsowed after plowing; uncultivated; <as>as, <ex>fallow</ex> ground</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Fallow chat</col>, <col>Fallow finch</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small European bird, the wheatear (<spn>Saxicola \'91nanthe</spn>). See <er>Wheatear</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fallow</h1>
<Xpage=540>

<hw>Fal"low</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from the <ets>fallow</ets>, or somewhat yellow, color of naked ground; or perh. akin to E. <ets>felly</ets>, <tt>n.</tt>, cf. MHG. <ets>valgen</ets> to plow up, OHG. <ets>felga</ets> felly, harrow.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Plowed land.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Who . . . pricketh his blind horse over the <b>fallows</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Land that has lain a year or more untilled or unseeded; land plowed without being sowed for the season.</def>

<blockquote>The plowing of <b>fallows</b> is a benefit to land.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The plowing or tilling of land, without sowing it for a season; <as>as, summer <ex>fallow</ex>, properly conducted, has ever been found a sure method of destroying weeds</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Be a complete summer <b>fallow</b>, land is rendered tender and mellow. The <b>fallow</b> gives it a better tilth than can be given by a fallow crop.
<i>Sinclair.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fallow crop</col>, <cd>the crop taken from a green fallow.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Green fallow</col></mcol>, <cd>fallow whereby land is rendered mellow and clean from weeds, by cultivating some green crop, as turnips, potatoes, etc. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Fallow</h1>
<Xpage=540>

<hw>Fal"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fallowed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fallowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Fallow</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To plow, harrow, and break up, as land, without seeding, for the purpose of destroying weeds and insects, and rendering it mellow; <as>as, it is profitable to <ex>fallow</ex> cold, strong, clayey land</as>.</def>

<h1>Fallow deer</h1>
<Xpage=540>

<hw>Fal"low deer`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[So called from its <ets>fallow</ets> or pale yellow color.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European species of deer (<spn>Cervus dama</spn>), much smaller than the red deer. In summer both sexes are spotted with white. It is common in England, where it is often domesticated in the parks.</def>

<h1>Fallowist</h1>
<Xpage=540>

<hw>Fal"low*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who favors the practice of fallowing land.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sinclair.</i>

<h1>Fallowness</h1>
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<hw>Fal"low*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A well or opening, through the successive floors of a warehouse or manufactory, through which goods are raised or lowered.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Falsary</h1>
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<hw>Fal"sa*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>falsarius</ets>, fr. <ets>falsus</ets>. See <er>False</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A falsifier of evidence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<h1>False</h1>
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<hw>False</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Falser</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Falsest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>falsus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>fallere</ets> to deceive; cf. OF. <ets>faus</ets>, <ets>fals</ets>, F. <ets>faux</ets>, and AS. <ets>fals</ets> fraud. See <er>Fail</er>, <er>Fall</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Uttering falsehood; unveracious; given to deceit; dishnest; <as>as, a <ex>false</ex> witness</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not faithful or loyal, as to obligations, allegiance, vows, etc.; untrue; treacherous; perfidious; <as>as, a <ex>false</ex> friend, lover, or subject; <ex>false</ex> to promises.</as></def>

<blockquote>I to myself was <b>false</b>, ere thou to me.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not according with truth or reality; not true; fitted or likely to deceive or disappoint; <as>as, a <ex>false</ex> statement</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not genuine or real; assumed or designed to deceive; counterfeit; hypocritical; <as>as, <ex>false</ex> tears; <ex>false</ex> modesty; <ex>false</ex> colors; <ex>false</ex> jewelry.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>False</b> face must hide what the false heart doth know.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Not well founded; not firm or trustworthy; erroneous; <as>as, a <ex>false</ex> claim; a <ex>false</ex> conclusion; a <ex>false</ex> construction in grammar.</as></def>

<blockquote>Whose <b>false</b> foundation waves have swept away.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Not essential or permanent, as parts of a structure which are temporary or supplemental.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Not in tune.</def>

<cs><col>False arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a member having the appearance of an arch, though not of arch construction.</cd> -- <col>False attic</col>, <cd>an architectural erection above the main cornice, concealing a roof, but not having windows or inclosing rooms.</cd> -- <col>False bearing</col>, <cd>any bearing which is not directly upon a vertical support; thus, the weight carried by a corbel has a <i>false bearing<i>.</cd> -- <col>False cadence</col>, <cd>an imperfect or interrupted cadence.</cd> -- <col>False conception</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an abnormal conception in which a mole, or misshapen fleshy mass, is produced instead of a properly organized fetus.</cd> -- <col>False croup</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a spasmodic affection of the larynx attended with the symptoms of membranous croup, but unassociated with the deposit of a fibrinous membrane.</cd> -- <mcol><col>False</col> <col>door &or; window</col></mcol> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the representation of a door or window, inserted to complete a series of doors or windows or to give symmetry.</cd> -- <col>False fire</col>, <cd>a combustible carried by vessels of war, chiefly for signaling, but sometimes burned for the purpose of deceiving an enemy; also, a light on shore for decoying a vessel to destruction.</cd> -- <col>False galena</col>. <cd>See <er>Blende</er>.</cd> -- <col>False imprisonment</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the arrest and imprisonment of a person without warrant or cause, or contrary to law; or the unlawful detaining of a person in custody.</cd> -- <col>False keel</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the timber below the main keel, used to serve both as a protection and to increase the shio's lateral resistance.</cd> -- <col>False key</col>, <cd>a picklock.</cd> -- <col>False leg</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Proleg</er>.</cd> -- <col>False membrane</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the fibrinous deposit formed in croup and diphtheria, and resembling in appearance an animal membrane.</cd> -- <col>False papers</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>documents carried by a ship giving false representations respecting her cargo, destination, ect., for the purpose of deceiving.</cd> -- <col>False passage</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>an unnatural passage leading off from a natural canal, such as the urethra, and produced usually by the unskillful introduction of instruments.</cd> -- <col>False personation</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the intentional false assumption of the name and personality of another.</cd> -- <col>False pretenses</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>false representations concerning past or present facts and events, for the purpose of defrauding another.</cd> -- <col>False rail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a thin piece of timber placed on top of the head rail to strengthen it.</cd> -- <col>False relation</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a progression in harmony, in which a certain note in a chord appears in the next chord prefixed by a flat or sharp.</cd> -- <col>False return</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an untrue return made to a process by the officer to whom it was delivered for execution.</cd> -- <col>False ribs</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the asternal rebs, of which there are five pairs in man.</cd> -- <col>False roof</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the space between the upper ceiling and the roof. <i>Oxford Gloss</i>.</cd> -- <col>False token</col>, <cd>a false mark or other symbol, used for fraudulent purposes.</cd> -- <col>False scorpion</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any arachnid of the genus <spn>Chelifer</spn>. See <er>Book scorpion</er>.</cd> -- <col>False tack</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a coming up into the wind and filling away again on the same tack.</cd> -- <col>False vampire</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the <spn>Vampyrus spectrum</spn> of South America, formerly erroneously supposed to have blood-sucking habits; -- called also <altname>vampire</altname>, and <altname>ghost vampire</altname>. The genuine blood-sucking bats belong to the genera <spn>Desmodus</spn> and <spn>Diphylla</spn>. See <er>Vampire</er>.</cd> -- <col>False window</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>False door</cref>, above.</cd> -- <col>False wing</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Alula</er>, and <cref>Bastard wing</cref>, under <er>Bastard</er>.</cd> -- <col>False works</col> <fld>(Civil Engin.)</fld>, <cd>construction works to facilitate the erection of the main work, as scaffolding, bridge centering, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>False</h1>
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<hw>False</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Not truly; not honestly; falsely.</def> "You play me <i>false</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>False</h1>
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<hw>False</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>falsare</ets> to falsify, fr. <ets>falsus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fausser</ets>. See <er>False</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To report falsely; to falsify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To betray; to falsify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>[He] hath his truthe <b>falsed</b> in this wise.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To mislead by want of truth; to deceive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In his <b>falsed</b> fancy.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To feign; to pretend to make.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "And <i>falsed</i> oft his blows."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>False-faced</h1>
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<hw>False"-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hypocritical.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>False-heart</h1>
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<hw>False"-heart`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>False-hearted.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>False-hearted</h1>
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<hw>False"-heart`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hollow or unsound at the core; treacherous; deceitful; perfidious.</def> <i>Bacon</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>False"*heart`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></wordforms>

<h1>Falsehood</h1>
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<hw>False"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>False</ets> + <ets>-hood</ets>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of truth or accuracy; an untrue assertion or representation; error; misrepresentation; falsity.</def>

<blockquote>Though it be a lie in the clock, it is but a <b>falsehood</b> in the hand of the dial when pointing at a wrong hour, if rightly following the direction of the wheel which moveth it.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A deliberate intentional assertion of what is known to be untrue; a departure from moral integrity; a lie.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Treachery; deceit; perfidy; unfaithfulness.</def>

<blockquote>Betrayed by <b>falsehood</b> of his guard.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A counterfeit; a false appearance; an imposture.</def>

<blockquote>For his molten image is <b>falsehood</b>.
<i>Jer. x. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No <b>falsehood</b> can endure
Touch of celestial temper.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Falsity; lie; untruth; fiction; fabrication. See <er>Falsity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Falsely</h1>
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<hw>False"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a false manner; erroneously; not truly; perfidiously or treacherously.</def> "O <i>falsely</i>, <i>falsely</i> murdered."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Oppositions of science, <b>falsely</b> so called.
<i>1 Tim. vi. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Will ye steal, murder . . . and swear <b>falsely</b> ?
<i>Jer. vii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Falseness</h1>
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<hw>False"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being false; contrariety to the fact; inaccuracy; want of integrity or uprightness; double dealing; unfaithfulness; treachery; perfidy; <as>as, the <ex>falseness</ex> of a report, a drawing, or a singer's notes; the <ex>falseness</ex> of a man, or of his word.</as></def>

<h1>Falser</h1>
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<hw>Fals"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A deceiver.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Falsetto</h1>
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<hw>Fal*set"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Falsettos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It. <ets>falsetto</ets>, dim. fr. L. <ets>falsus</ets>. See <er>False</er>.]</ety> <def>A false or artificial voice; that voice in a man which lies above his natural voice; the male counter tenor or alto voice. See <cref>Head voice</cref>, under <er>Voice</er>.</def>

<h1>Falsicrimen</h1>
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<hw>Fal"si*cri"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Civ. Law)</fld> <def>The crime of falsifying.</def>

<note>&hand; This term in the Roman law included not only forgery, but every species of fraud and deceit. It never has been used in so extensive a sense in modern common law, in which its predominant significance is forgery, though it also includes perjury and offenses of a like character.</note>

<i>Burrill. Greenleaf.</i>

<h1>Falsifiable</h1>
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<hw>Fal"si*fi`a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>falsifiable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being falsified, counterfeited, or corrupted.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Falsification</h1>
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<hw>Fal`si*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>falsification</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of falsifying, or making false; a counterfeiting; the giving to a thing an appearance of something which it is not.</def>

<blockquote>To counterfeit the living image of king in his person exceedeth all <b>falsifications</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Willful misstatement or misrepresentation.</def>

<blockquote>Extreme necessity . . . forced him upon this bold and violent <b>falsification</b> of the doctrine of the alliance.
<i>Bp. Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Equity)</fld> <def>The showing an item of charge in an account to be wrong.</def>

<i>Story.</i>

<h1>Falsificator</h1>
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<hw>Fal"si*fi*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>falsificateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>A falsifier.</def>

<i>Bp. Morton.</i>

<h1>Falsifier</h1>
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<hw>Fal"si*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who falsifies, or gives to a thing a deceptive appearance; a liar.</def>

<h1>Falsify</h1>
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<hw>Fal"si*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Falsified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Falsifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>falsus</ets> false + <ets>-ly</ets>: cf. F. <ets>falsifier</ets>. See <er>False</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make false; to represent falsely.</def>

<blockquote>The Irish bards use to forge and <b>falsify</b> everything as they list, to please or displease any man.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To counterfeit; to forge; <as>as, to <ex>falsify</ex> coin</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To prove to be false, or untrustworthy; to confute; to disprove; to nullify; to make to appear false.</def>

<blockquote>By how much better than my word I am,
By so much shall I <b>falsify</b> men's hope.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Jews and Pagans united all their endeavors, under Julian the apostate, to baffie and <b>falsify</b> the prediction.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To violate; to break by falsehood; <as>as, to <ex>falsify</ex> one's faith or word</as>.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To baffie or escape; <as>as, to <ex>falsify</ex> a blow</as>.</def>

<i>Bulter.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To avoid or defeat; to prove false, as a judgment.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Equity)</fld> <def>To show, in accounting, (an inem of charge inserted in an account) to be wrong.</def>

<i>Story. Daniell.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To make false by multilation or addition; to tamper with; <as>as, to <ex>falsify</ex> a record or document</as>.</def>

<h1>Falsify</h1>
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<hw>Fal"si*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To tell lies; to violate the truth.</def>

<blockquote>It is absolutely and universally unlawful to lie and <b>falsify</b>.

<blockquote>South.

<h1>Falsism</h1>
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<hw>Fals"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is evidently false; an assertion or statement the falsity of which is plainly apparent; -- opposed to <i>truism</i>.</def>

<h1>Falsity</h1>
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<hw>Fal"si*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>;<plu>pl. <plw>Falsities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>falsitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fausset\'82</ets>, OF. also, <ets>falsit\'82</ets>. See <er>False</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being false; coutrariety or want of conformity to truth.</def>

<blockquote>Probability does not make any alteration, either in the truth or <b>falsity</b> of things.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is false; falsehood; a lie; a false assertion.</def>

<blockquote>Men often swallow <b>falsities</b> for truths.
<i>Sir T. Brown.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Falsehood; lie; deceit.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Falsity</er>, <er>Falsehood</er>, <er>Lie</er>. <i>Falsity</i> denotes the state or quality of being false. A <i>falsehood</i> is a false declaration designedly made. A <i>lie</i> is a gross, unblushing falsehood. The <i>falsity</i> of a person's assertion may be proved by the evidence of others and thus the charge of <i>falsehood</i> be fastened upon him.</usage>

<h1>Falter</h1>
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<hw>Fal"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To thrash in the chaff; also, to cleanse or sift, as barley.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Falter</h1>
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<hw>Fal"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Faltered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Faltering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>falteren</ets>, <ets>faltren</ets>, prob. from <ets>fault</ets>. See <er>Fault</er>, <ets>v</ets>. & <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hesitate; to speak brokenly or weakly; to stammer; <as>as, his tongue <ex>falters</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>faltering</b> speech and visage incomposed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To tremble; to totter; to be unsteady.</def> "He found his legs <i>falter</i>."

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To hesitate in purpose or action.</def>

<blockquote>Ere her native king
Shall <b>falter</b> under foul rebellion's arms.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To fail in distinctness or regularity of exercise; -- said of the mind or of thought.</def>

<blockquote>Here indeed the power of disinct conception of space and distance <b>falters</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Falter</h1>
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<hw>Fal"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter with hesitation, or in a broken, trembling, or weak manner.</def>

<blockquote>And here he <b>faltered</b> forth his last farewell.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Mde me most happy, <b>faltering</b> "I am thine."
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="541">
Page 541<p>

<h1>Falter</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fal"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Falter</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Hesitation; trembling; feebleness; an uncertain or broken sound; <as>as, a slight <ex>falter</ex> in her voice</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>falter</b> of an idle shepherd's pipe.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Faltering</h1>
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<hw>Fal"ter*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hesitating; trembling.</def> "With <i>faltering</i> speech." <i>Milton</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Falter; halting; hesitation.</def></def2> -- <wordforms><wf>Fal"ter*ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Faluns</h1>
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<hw>Fa`luns"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A series of strata, of the Middle Tertiary period, of France, abounding in shells, and used by Lyell as the type of his Miocene subdivision.</def>

<h1>Falwe</h1>
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<hw>Fal"we</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Fallow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Falx</h1>
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<hw>Falx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a sickle.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A curved fold or process of the dura mater or the peritoneum; esp., one of the partitionlike folds of the dura mater which extend into the great fissures of the brain.</def>

<h1>Famble</h1>
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<hw>Fam"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>falmelen</ets>; cf. SW. <ets>famla</ets> to grope, Dan. <ets>famle</ets> to grope, falter, hesitate, Isel. <ets>f\'belma</ets> to grope. Cf. <er>Famble</er>.]</ety> <def>To stammer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Famble</h1>
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<hw>Fam"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Famble</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hand</def> <mark>[Slang & Obs.]</mark> "We clap our <i>fambles</i>."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Fame</h1>
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<hw>Fame</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>fame</ets>, L. <ets>fama</ets>, fr. <ets>fari</ets> to speak, akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a saying, report, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to speak. See <er>Ban</er>, and cf. <er>Fable</er>, <er>Fate</er>, <er>Euphony</er>, <er>Blame</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Public report or rumor.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>fame</b> thereof was heard in Pharaoh's house.
<i>Gen. xlv. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Report or opinion generally diffused; renown; public estimation; celebrity, either favorable or unfavorable; <as>as, the <ex>fame</ex> of Washington</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I find thou art no less than <b>fame</b> hath bruited.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Notoriety; celebrity; renown; reputation.</syn>

<h1>Fame</h1>
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<hw>Fame</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Famed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>,; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Faming</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To report widely or honorably.</def>

<blockquote>The field where thou art <b>famed</b>
To have wrought such wonders.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make famous or renowned.</def>

<blockquote>Those Hesperian gardens <b>famed</b> of old.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fameless</h1>
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<hw>Fame"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without fame or renown.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fame"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Familiar</h1>
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<hw>Fa*mil`iar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>familer</ets>, <ets>familier</ets>, F. <ets>familier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>familiaris</ets>, fr. <ets>familia</ets> family. See <er>Family</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a family; domestic.</def> "<i>Familiar</i> feuds."

<i>Byron.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Closely acquainted or intimate, as a friend or companion; well versed in, as any subject of study; <as>as, <ex>familiar</ex> with the Scriptures</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Characterized by, or exhibiting, the manner of an intimate friend; not formal; unconstrained; easy; accessible.</def> "In loose, <i>familiar</i> strains."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>Be thou <b>familiar</b>, but by no means vulgar.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Well known; well understood; common; frequent; <as>as, a <ex>familiar</ex> illustration</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That war, or peace, or both at once, may be
As things acquainted and <b>familiar</b> to us.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is nothing more <b>familiar</b> than this.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Improperly acquainted; wrongly intimate.</def>

<i>Camden.</i>

<cs><col>Familiar spirit</col>, <cd>a demon or evil spirit supposed to attend at call.</cd></cs>

<i>1 Sam. xxviii. 3, 7-9.</i>

<h1>Familiar</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fa*mil"iar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An intimate; a companion.</def>

<blockquote>All my <b>familiars</b> watched for my halting.
<i>Jer. xx. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An attendant demon or evil spirit.</def>

<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Court of Inquisition)</fld> <def>A confidential officer employed in the service of the tribunal, especially in apprehending and imprisoning the accused.</def>

<h1>Familiarity</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fa*mil`iar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Familiarities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>familarite</ets>, F. <ets>familiarit\'82</ets>fr.  L. <ets>faniliaritas</ets>. See <er>Familiar</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being familiar; intimate and frequent converse, or association; unconstrained intercourse; freedom from ceremony and constraint; intimacy; <as>as, to live in remarkable <ex>familiarity</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything said or done by one person to another unceremoniously and without constraint; esp., in the <pluf>pl.</pluf>, such actions and words as propriety and courtesy do not warrant; liberties.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Acquaintance; fellowship; affability; intimacy. See <er>Acquaintance</er>.</syn>

<h1>Familiarization</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fa*mil`iar*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of making familiar; the result of becoming familiar; <as>as, <ex>familiarization</ex> with scenes of blood</as>.</def>

<h1>Familiarize</h1>
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<hw>Fa*mil"iar*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Familiarized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Familiarizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>familiariser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make familiar or intimate; to habituate; to accustom; to make well known by practice or converse; <as>as, to <ex>familiarize</ex> one's self with scenes of distress</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make acquainted, or skilled, by practice or study; <as>as, to <ex>familiarize</ex> one's self with a business, a book, or a science</as>.</def>

<h1>Familiarly</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fa"mil"iar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a familiar manner.</def>

<h1>Familiarness</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fa*mil"iar*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Familiarity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Familiary</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fa*mil"ia*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>familiaris</ets>. See <er>Familiar</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a family or household; domestic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Familism</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fam"i*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The tenets of the Familists.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Familist</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fam"i*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Family</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of afanatical Antinomian sect originating in Holland, and existing in England about 1580, called the <i>Family of Love</i>, who held that religion consists wholly in love.</def>

<h1>Familistery</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fam"i*lis*ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Familisteries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>familist\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>A community in which many persons unite as in one family, and are regulated by certain communistic laws and customs.</def>

<h1>Familistic, Familistical</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw><hw>Fam`i*listic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fam`i*lis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Familists.</def>

<i>Baxter.</i>

<h1>Family</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fam"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Families</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>familia</ets>, fr. <ets>famulus</ets> servant; akin to Oscan <ets>famel</ets> servant, cf. <ets>faamat</ets> he dwells, Skr. <ets>dh\'beman</ets> house, fr. <ets>dh\'be</ets>to set, make, do: cf. F. <ets>famille</ets>. Cf. <er>Do</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Doom</er>, <er>Fact</er>, <er>Feat</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The collective body of persons who live in one house, and under one head or manager; a household, including parents, children, and servants, and, as the case may be, lodgers or boarders.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The group comprising a husband and wife and their dependent children, constituting a fundamental unit in the organization of society.</def>

<blockquote>The welfare of the <b>family</b> underlies the welfare of society.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Those who descend from one common progenitor; a tribe, clan, or race; kindred; house; <as>as, the human <ex>family</ex>; the <ex>family</ex> of Abraham; the father of a <ex>family</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Go ! and pretennd your <b>family</b> is young.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Course of descent; genealogy; line of ancestors; lineage.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Honorable descent; noble or respectable stock; <as>as, a man of <ex>family</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A groupe of kindred or closely related individuals; <as>as, a <ex>family</ex> of languages; a <ex>family</ex> of States; the chlorine <ex>family</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A groupe of organisms, either animal or vegetable, related by certain points of resemblance in structure or development, more comprehensive than a genus, because it is usually based on fewer or less pronounced points of likeness. In zo\'94logy a family is less comprehesive than an order; in botany it is often considered the same thing as an order.</def>

<cs><col>Family circle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Circle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Family man</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A man who has a family; esp., one who has a wife and children living with him andd dependent upon him.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A man of domestic habits. "The Jews are generally, when married, most exemplary <i>family men<i>." <i>Mayhew</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Family of</col> <col>curves &or; surfaces</col></mcol> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a group of curves or surfaces derived from a single equation.</cd> -- <col>In a family way</col>, <cd>like one belonging to the family. "Why don't we ask him and his ladies to come over <i>in a family way<i>, and dine with some other plain country gentlefolks?" <i>Thackeray</i>.</cd> -- <col>In the family way</col>, <cd>pregnant. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Famine</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fam"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>famine</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fames</ets> hunger; cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ want, need, Skr. <ets>h\'beni</ets> loss, lack, <ets>h\'be</ets> to leave.]</ety> <def>General scarcity of food; dearth; a want of provisions; destitution.</def> "Worn with <i>famine</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>There was a <b>famine</b> in the land.
<i>Gen. xxvi. 1.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Famine fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>typhus fever.</cd></cs>

<h1>Famish</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fam"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Famished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Famishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>famen</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>afamer</ets>, L. <ets>fames</ets>. See <er>Famine</er>, and cf. <er>Affamish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To starve, kill, or destroy with hunger.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exhaust the strength or endurance of, by hunger; to distress with hanger.</def>

<blockquote>And when all the land of Egypt was <b>famished</b>, the people cried to Pharaoh for bread.
<i>Cen. xli. 55.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The pains of <b>famished</b> Tantalus he'll feel.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To kill, or to cause to suffer extremity, by deprivation or denial of anything necessary.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>famish</b> him of breath, if not of bread.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To force or constrain by famine.</def>

<blockquote>He had <b>famished</b> Paris into a surrender.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Famish</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fam"ish</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To die of hunger; to starve.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To suffer extreme hunger or thirst, so as to be exhausted in strength, or to come near to perish.</def>

<blockquote>You are all resolved rather to die than to <b>famish</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To suffer extremity from deprivation of anything essential or necessary.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord will not suffer the soul of the righteous to <b>famish</b>.
<i>Prov. x. 3.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Famishment</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fam"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being famished.</def>

<h1>Famosity</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fa*mos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>famositas</ets> infamy: cf. F. <ets>famosit\'82</ets>. See <er>Famous</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being famous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Famous</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fa"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>famosus</ets>, fr. <ets>fama</ets> fame: cf. F. <ets>fameux</ets>. See <er>Fame</er>.]</ety> <def>Celebrated in fame or public report; renowned; mach talked of; distinguished in story; -- used in either a good or a bad sense, chiefly the former; often followed by <i>for</i>; <as>as, <ex>famous</ex> for erudition, for eloquence, for military skill; a <ex>famous</ex> pirate.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Famous</b> for a scolding tongue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Noted; remarkable; signal; conspicuous; celebrated; renowned; illustrious; eminent; transcendent; excellent.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Famous</er>, <er>Renowned</er>, <er>Illustrious</er>. <i>Famous</i> is applied to a person or thing widely spoken of as extraordinary; <i>renowned</i> is applied to those who are named again and again with honor; <i>illustrious</i>, to those who have dazzled the world by the splendor of their deeds or their virtues. See <er>Distinguished</er>.</usage>

<h1>Famoused</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fa"moused</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Renowned.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Famously</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fa"mous*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a famous manner; in a distinguished degree; greatly; splendidly.</def>

<blockquote>Then this land was <b>famously</b> enriched
With politic grave counsel.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Famousness</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fa"mous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being famous.</def>

<h1>Famular</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fam"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>famularis</ets> of servants.]</ety> <def>Domestic; familiar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Famulate</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fam"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>famulatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>famulari</ets> to serve, fr. <ets>famulus</ets> servant.]</ety> <def>To serve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Famulist</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fam"u*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>famulus</ets> servant.]</ety> <def>A collegian of inferior rank or position, corresponding to the <i>sizar</i> at Cambridge.</def> <mark>[Oxford Univ., Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Fan</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fann</ets>, fr. L. <ets>vannus</ets> fan, van for winnowing grain; cf. F. <ets>van</ets>. Cf. <er>Van</er> a winnowing machine, <er>Winnow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument used for producing artificial currents of air, by the wafting or revolving motion of a broad surface</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument for cooling the person, made of feathers, paper, silk, etc., and often mounted on sticks all turning about the same pivot, so as when opened to radiate from the center and assume the figure of a section of a circle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>Any revolving vane or vanes used for producing currents of air, in winnowing grain, blowing a fire, ventilation, etc., or for checking rapid motion by the resistance of the air; a fan blower; a fan wheel.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An instrument for winnowing grain, by moving which the grain is tossed and agitated, and the chaff is separated and blown away</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Something in the form of a fan when spread, as a peacock's tail, a window, etc.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A small vane or sail, used to keep the large sails of a smock windmill always in the direction of the wind.</def>

<blockquote>Clean provender, which hath been winnowed with the shovel and with the <b>fan</b>.
<i>Is. xxx. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which produces effects analogous to those of a fan, as in exciting a flame, etc.; that which inflames, heightens, or strengthens; <as>as, it served as a <ex>fan</ex> to the flame of his passion</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A quintain; -- from its form.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Fan blower</col>, <cd>a wheel with vanes fixed on a rotating shaft inclosed in a case or chamber, to create a blast of air (<i>fan blast<i>) for forge purposes, or a current for draft and ventilation; a fanner.</cd> -- <col>Fan cricket</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a mole cricket.</cd> -- <col>Fan light</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a window over a door; -- so called from the semicircular form and radiating sash bars of those windows which are set in the circular heads of arched doorways.</cd> -- <col>Fan shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any shell of the family <spn>Pectinid\'91</spn>. See <er>Scallop</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</cd> -- <col>Fan tracery</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the decorative tracery on the surface of fan vaulting.</cd> -- <col>Fan vaulting</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an elaborate system of vaulting, in which the ribs diverge somewhat like the rays of a fan, as in Henry VII.'s chapel in Westminster Abbey. It is peculiar to English Gothic.</cd> -- <col>Fan wheel</col>, <cd>the wheel of a fan blower.</cd> -- <col>Fan window</col>. <cd>Same as <i>Fan light<i> (above).</cd></cs>

<h1>Fan</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fanned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fanning</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>vanner</ets>, L. <ets>vannere</ets>. See <er>Fan</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Van</er> a winnowing machine.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move as with a fan.</def>

<blockquote>The air . . . <b>fanned</b> with unnumbered plumes.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cool and refresh, by moving the air with a fan; to blow the air on the face of with a fan.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To ventilate; to blow on; to affect by air put in motion.</def>

<blockquote>Calm as the breath which <b>fans</b> our eastern groves.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To winnow; to separate chaff from, and drive it away by a current of air; <as>as, to <ex>fan</ex> wheat</as>.</def>

<i>Jer. li. 2.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To excite or stir up to activity, as a fan axcites a flame; to stimulate; <as>as, this conduct <ex>fanned</ex> the excitement of the populace</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Fanning machine</col>, &or; <col>Fanning mill</col></mcol>, <cd>a machine for separating seed from chaff, etc., by a blast of air; a fanner.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fanal</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fa`nal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A lighthouse, or the apparatus placed in it for giving light.</def>

<h1>Fanatic</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fa*nat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fanaticus</ets> inspired by divinity, enthusiastic, frantic, fr. <ets>fanum</ets> fane: cf. F. <ets>fanatique</ets>. See <er>Fane</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or indicating, fanaticism; extravagant in opinions; ultra; unreasonable; excessively enthusiastic, especially on religious subjects; <as>as, <ex>fanatic</ex> zeal; <ex>fanatic</ex> notions.</as></def>

<blockquote>But Faith, <b>fanatic</b> Faith, once wedded fast
To some dear falsehood, hugs it to the last.
<i>T. Moore.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fanatic</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fa*nat"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person affected by excessive enthusiasm, particularly on religious subjects; one who indulges wild and extravagant notions of religion.</def>

<blockquote>There is a new word, coined within few months, called <b>fanatics</b>, which, by the close stickling thereof, seemeth well cut out and proportioned to signify what is meant thereby, even the sectaries of our age.
<i>Fuller (1660).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Fanatics</b> are governed rather by imagination than by judgment.
<i>Stowe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fanatical</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fa*nat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characteristic of, or relating to, fanaticism; fanatic.</def> -<wordforms><wf>Fa*nat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fa*nat"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fanaticism</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fa*nat"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Fanatism</er>.]</ety> <def>Excessive enthusiasm, unreasoning zeal, or wild and extravagant notions, on any subject, especially religion; religious frenzy.</def><-- and politics, terrorism -->

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Superstition</er>.</syn>

<h1>Fanaticize</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fa*nat"i*cize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fanaticized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fanaticizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause to become a fanatic.</def>

<h1>Fanatism</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fan"a*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fanatisme</ets>. Cf. <er>Fanaticism</er>.]</ety> <def>Fanaticism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gibbon.</i>

<h1>Fancied</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fan"cied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fancy</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Formed or conceived by the fancy; unreal; <as>as, a <ex>fancied</ex> wrong</as>.</def>

<h1>Fancier</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fan"ci*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is governed by fancy.</def> "Not reasoners, but <i>fanciers</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who fancies or has a special liking for, or interest in, a particular object or class or objects; hence, one who breeds and keeps for sale birds and animals; <as>as, bird <ex>fancier</ex>, dog <ex>fancier</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Fanciful</h1>
<Xpage=541>

<hw>Fan"ci*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of fancy; guided by fancy, rather than by reason and experience; whimsical; <as>as, a <ex>fanciful</ex> man forms visionary projects</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conceived in the fancy; not consistent with facts or reason; abounding in ideal qualities or figures; <as>as, a <ex>fanciful</ex> scheme; a <ex>fanciful</ex> theory.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Curiously shaped or constructed; <as>as, she wore a <ex>fanciful</ex> headdress</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Gather up all <b>fancifullest</b> shells.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Imaginative; ideal; visionary; capricious; chimerical; whimsical; fantastical; wild.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Fanciful</er>, <er>Fantastical</er>, <er>Visionary</er>. We speak of that as <i>fanciful</i> which is irregular in taste and judgment; we speak of it as <i>fantastical</i> when it becomes grotesque and extravagant as well as irregular; we speak of it as <i>visionary</i> when it is wholly unfounded in the nature of things. <i>Fanciful</i> notions are the product of a heated fancy, without any tems are made up of oddly assorted fancies, aften of the most whimsical kind; <i>visionary</i> expectations are those which can never be realized in fact.</usage>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fan"ci*ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -<wf>Fan"ci*ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<hr>
<page="542">
Page 542<p>

<h1>Fanciless</h1>
<Xpage=542>

<hw>Fan"*ci*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no fancy; without ideas or imagination.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A pert or bluff important wight,
Whose brain is <b>fanciless</b>, whose blood is white.
<i>Armstrong.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fancy</h1>
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<hw>Fan"cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fancies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>fantasy</ets>, OF. <ets>fantasie</ets>, <ets>fantaisie</ets>, F. <ets>fantaisie</ets>, L. <ets>phantasia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ appearance, imagination, the power of perception and presentation in the mind, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to make visible, to place before one's mind, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to show; akin to <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, light, Skr. <ets>bh\'be</ets>to shine. Cf. <er>Fantasy</er>, <er>Fantasia</er>, <er>Epiphany</er>, <er>Phantom</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The faculty by which the mind forms an image or a representation of anything perceived before; the power of combining and modifying such objects into new pictures or images; the power of readily and happily creating and recalling such objects for the purpose of amusement, wit, or embellishment; imagination.</def>

<blockquote>In the soul
Are many lesser faculties, that serve
Reason as chief. Among these <b>fancy</b> next
Her office holds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An image or representation of anything formed in the mind; conception; thought; idea; conceit.</def>

<blockquote>How now, my lord ! why do you keep alone,
Of sorriest <b>fancies</b> your companoins making ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An opinion or notion formed without much reflection; caprice; whim; impression.</def>

<blockquote>I have always had a <b>fancy</b> that learning might be made a play and recreation to children.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Inclination; liking, formed by caprice rather than reason; <as>as, to strike one's <ex>fancy</ex></as>; hence, the object of inclination or liking.</def>

<blockquote>To fit your fancies to your father's will.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which pleases or entertains the taste or caprice without much use or value.</def>

<blockquote>London pride is a pretty <b>fancy</b> for borders.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A sort of love song or light impromptu ballad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>The fancy</col>, <cd>all of a class who exhibit and cultivate any peculiar taste or fancy; hence, especially, sporting characters taken collectively, or any specific class of them, as jockeys, gamblers, prize fighters, etc.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>At a great book sale in London, which had congregated all <b>the fancy</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Imagination; conceit; taste; humor; inclination; whim; liking. See <er>Imagination</er>.</syn>

<h1>Fancy</h1>
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<hw>Fan"cy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fancied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fancying</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To figure to one's self; to believe or imagine something without proof.</def>

<blockquote>If our search has reached no farther than simile and metaphor, we rather <b>fancy</b> than know.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To love.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fancy</h1>
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<hw>Fan"cy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form a conception of; to portray in the mind; to imagine.</def>

<blockquote>He whom I <b>fancy</b>, but can ne'er express.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have a fancy for; to like; to be pleased with, particularly on account of external appearance or manners.</def> "We <i>fancy</i> not the cardinal."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To believe without sufficient evidence; to imagine (something which is unreal).</def>

<blockquote>He <b>fancied</b> he was welcome, because those arounde him were his kinsmen.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fancy</h1>
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<hw>Fan"cy</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Adapted to please the fancy or taste; ornamental; <as>as, <ex>fancy</ex> goods</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Extravagant; above real value.</def>

<blockquote>This anxiety never degenerated into a monomania, like that which led his [Frederick the Great's] father to pay <b>fancy</b> prices for giants.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fancy ball</col>, <cd>a ball in which porsons appear in fanciful dresses in imitation of the costumes of different persons and nations.</cd> -- <col>Fancy fair</col>, <cd>a fair at which articles of fancy and ornament are sold, generally for some charitable purpose.</cd> -- <col>Fancy goods</col>, <cd>fabrics of various colors, patterns, etc., as ribbons, silks, laces, etc., in distinction from those of a simple or plain color or make.</cd> -- <col>Fancy line</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a line rove through a block at the jaws of a gaff; -- used to haul it down.</cd> <col>Fancy roller</col></mcol> <fld>(Carding Machine)</fld>, <cd>a clothed cylinder (usually having straight teeth) in front of the doffer.</cd> -- <col>Fancy stocks</col>, <cd>a species of stocks which afford great opportunity for stock gambling, since they have no intrinsic value, and the fluctuations in their prices are artificial.</cd> -- <col>Fancy store</col>, <cd>one where articles of fancy and ornament are sold.</cd> -- <col>Fancy woods</col>, <cd>the more rare and expensive furniture woods, as mahogany, satinwood, rosewood, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fancy-free</h1>
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<hw>Fan"cy-free`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from the power of love.</def> "In maiden meditation, <i>fancy-free</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fancymonger</h1>
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<hw>Fan"cy*mon`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lovemonger; a whimsical lover.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fancy-sick</h1>
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<hw>Fan"cy-sick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Love-sick.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fancywork</h1>
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<hw>Fan"cy*work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ornamental work with a needle or hook, as embroidery, crocheting, netting, etc.</def>

<h1>Fand</h1>
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<hw>Fand</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Find</er>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Fandango</h1>
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<hw>Fan*dan"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fandangoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp. A name brought, together with the dance, from the West Indies to Spain.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A lively dance, in 3-8 or 6-8 time, much practiced in Spain and Spanish America. Also, the tune to which it is danced.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A ball or general dance, as in Mexico.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Fane</h1>
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<hw>Fane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fanum</ets> a place dedicated to some deity, a sanctuary, fr. <ets>fari</ets> to speak. See <er>Fame</er>.]</ety> <def>A temple; a place consecrated to religion; a church.</def> <mark>[Poet.]</mark>

<blockquote>Such to this British Isle, her Christian <b>fanes</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fane</h1>
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<hw>Fane</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Vane</er>.]</ety> <def>A weathercock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fanega</h1>
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<hw>Fa*ne"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A dry measure in Spain and Spanish America, varying from 1<?/ to 2<?/ bushels; also, a measure of land.</def>

<i>De Colange.</i>

<h1>Fanfare</h1>
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<hw>Fan"fare`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. Cf. <er>Fanfaron</er>.]</ety> <def>A flourish of trumpets, as in coming into the lists, etc.; also, a short and lively air performed on hunting horns during the chase.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>fanfare</b> announcing the arrival of the various Christian princes.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fanfaron</h1>
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<hw>Fan"fa*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Sp. <ets>fanfarron</ets>; cf. It. <ets>fanfano</ets>, and OSp. <ets>fanfa</ets> swaggering, boasting, also Ar. <ets>farf\'ber</ets> talkative.]</ety> <def>A bully; a hector; a swaggerer; an empty boaster.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Fanfaronade</h1>
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<hw>Fan*far`on*ade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fanfaronnade</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>fanfarronada</ets>. See <er>Fanfaron</er>.]</ety> <def>A swaggering; vain boasting; ostentation; a bluster.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Fanfoot</h1>
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<hw>Fan"foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A species of gecko having the toes expanded into large lobes for adhesion. The Egyptian fanfoot (<spn>Phyodactylus gecko</spn>) is believed, by the natives, to have venomous toes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any moth of the genus <spn>Polypogon</spn>.</def>

<h1>Fang</h1>
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<hw>Fang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fangen</ets>, <ets>fongen</ets>, <ets>fon</ets> (<ets>g</ets> orig. only in p.p. and imp. tense), AS. <ets>f<?/n</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vangen</ets>, OHG. <ets>f\'behan</ets>, G. <ets>fahen</ets>, <ets>fangen</ets>, Isel. <ets>f\'be</ets>, Sw. <ets>f<?/</ets>, <ets>f<?/nga</ets>, Dan. <ets>fange</ets>, <ets>faae</ets>, Goth. <ets>fahan</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>fair</ets>, <ets>peace</ets>, <ets>pact</ets>. Cf. <er>Fair</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To catch; to seize, as with the teeth; to lay hold of; to gripe; to clutch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He's in the law's clutches; you see he's <b>fanged</b>.
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enable to catch or tear; to furnish with fangs.</def> "Chariots <i>fanged</i> with scythes."

<i>Philips.</i>

<h1>Fang</h1>
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<hw>Fang</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fang</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>; cf. AS. <ets>fang</ets> a taking, booty, G. <ets>fang</ets>.]</ety></wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The tusk of an animal, by which the prey is seized and held or torn; a long pointed tooth; esp., one of the usually erectile, venomous teeth of serpents. Also, one of the falcers of a spider.</def>

<blockquote>Since I am a dog, beware my <b>fangs</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any shoot or other thing by which hold is taken.</def>

<blockquote>The protuberant <b>fangs</b> of the yucca.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The root, or one of the branches of the root, of a tooth. See <er>Tooth</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A niche in the side of an adit or shaft, for an air course.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A projecting tooth or prong, as in a part of a lock, or the plate of a belt clamp, or the end of a tool, as a chisel, where it enters the handle.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The valve of a pump box.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A bend or loop of a rope.</def>

<cs><col>In a fang</col>, <cd>fast entangled.</cd> -- <col>To lose the fang</col>, <cd>said of a pump when the water has gone out</cd>; hence: <col>To fang a pump</col>, <cd>to supply it with the water necessary to make it operate. <mark>[Scot.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Fanged</h1>
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<hw>Fanged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having fangs or tusks; <as>as, a <ex>fanged</ex> adder</as>. Also used figuratively.</def>

<h1>Fangle</h1>
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<hw>Fan"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fang</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>; hence, prop., a taking up a new thing.]</ety> <def>Something new-fashioned; a foolish innovation; a gewgaw; a trifling ornament.</def>

<h1>Fangle</h1>
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<hw>Fan"gle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fashion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To control and new <b>fangle</b> the Scripture.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fangled</h1>
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<hw>Fan"gled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>New made; hence, gaudy; showy; vainly decorated. <mark>[Obs., except with the prefix <it>new</it>.]</mark> See <er>Newfangled</er>.</def> "Our <i>fangled</i> world."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fangleness</h1>
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<hw>Fan"gle*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being fangled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He them in new <b>fangleness</b> did pass.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fangless</h1>
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<hw>Fang"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of fangs or tusks.</def> "A <i>fangless</i> lion."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fangot</h1>
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<hw>Fan"got</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>fagotto</ets>, <ets>fangotto</ets>, a bundle. Cf. <er>Fagot</er>.]</ety> <def>A quantity of wares, as raw silk, etc., from one hundred weight.</def>

<h1>Fanion</h1>
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<hw>Fan"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fanon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A small flag sometimes carried at the head of the baggage of a brigade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small flag for marking the stations in surveying.</def>

<h1>Fanlike</h1>
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<hw>Fan"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a fan; -- specifically <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, folded up like a fan, as certain leaves; plicate.</def>

<h1>Fannel</h1>
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<hw>Fan"nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim., from same source as <ets>fanon</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Fanon</er>.</def>

<h1>Fanner</h1>
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<hw>Fan"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who fans.</def>

<i>Jer. li. 2.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fan wheel; a fan blower. See under <er>Fan</er>.</def>

<h1>Fannerved</h1>
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<hw>Fan"*nerved`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the nerves or veins arranged in a radiating manner; -- said of certain leaves, and of the winfs of some insects.</def>

<h1>Fanon</h1>
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<hw>Fan"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fanon</ets>, LL. <ets>fano</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>fano</ets> banner cloth, G. <ets>fahne</ets> banner. See <er>Vane</er>, and cf. <er>Fanion</er>, <er>Confalon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A term applied to various articles, as: <sd>(a)</sd> A peculiar striped scarf worn by the pope at mass, and by eastern bishops. <sd>(b)</sd> A maniple.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>fannel</asp>, <asp>phanon</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Fan palm</h1>
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<hw>Fan" palm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any palm tree having fan-shaped or radiate leaves; as the <spn>Cham\'91rops humilis</spn> of Southern Europe; the species of <spn>Sabal</spn> and <spn>Thrinax</spn> in the West Indies, Florida, etc.; and especially the great talipot tree (<spn>Corypha umbraculifera</spn>) of Ceylon and Malaya. The leaves of the latter are often eighteen feet long and fourteen wide, and are used for umbrellas, tents, and roofs. When cut up, they are used for books and manuscripts.</def>

<h1>Fantail</h1>
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<hw>Fan"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A variety of the domestic pigeon, so called from the shape of the tail.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any bird of the Australian genus <spn>Rhipidura</spn>, in which the tail is spread in the form of a fan during flight. They belong to the family of flycatchers.</def>

<h1>Fan-tailed</h1>
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<hw>Fan"-tailed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having an expanded, or fan-shaped, tail; <as>as, the <ex>fan-tailed</ex> pigeon</as>.</def>

<h1>Fantasia</h1>
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<hw>Fan*ta"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Fancy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A continuous composition, not divided into what are called movements, or governed by the ordinary rules of musical design, but in which the author's fancy roves unrestricted by set form.</def>

<h1>Fantasied</h1>
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<hw>Fan"ta*sied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fantasy</er>.]</ety> <def>Filled with fancies or imaginations.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fantasm</h1>
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<hw>Fan"tasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Phantasm</er>, <er>Fancy</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Phantasm</er>.</def>

<h1>Fantast</h1>
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<hw>Fan"tast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose manners or ideas are fantastic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Fantastic</h1>
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<hw>Fan*tas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fantastique</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ able to represent, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to make visible. See <er>Fancy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Existing only in imagination; fanciful; imaginary; not real; chimerical.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the nature of a phantom; unreal.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Indulging the vagaries of imagination; whimsical; full of absurd fancies; capricious; <as>as, <ex>fantastic</ex> minds; a <ex>fantastic</ex> mistress.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Resembling fantasies in irregularity, caprice, or eccentricity; irregular; oddly shaped; grotesque.</def>

<blockquote>There at the foot of yonder nodding beech,
That wreathes its old <b>fantastic</b> roots so high.
<i>T. Gray.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Fanciful; imaginative; ideal; visionary; capricious; chimerical; whimsical; queer. See <er>Fanciful</er>.</syn>

<h1>Fantastic</h1>
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<hw>Fan*tas"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person given to fantastic dress, manners, etc.; an eccentric person; a fop.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Our <b>fantastics</b>, who, having a fine watch, take all ocasions to drow it out to be seen.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fantastical</h1>
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<hw>Fan*tas"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fanciful; unreal; whimsical; capricious; fantastic.</def>

<h1>Fantasticality</h1>
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<hw>Fan*tas`ti*cal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fantastically.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fantastically</h1>
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<hw>Fan*tas"tic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fantastic manner.</def>

<blockquote>the letter A, in scarlet, <b>fantastically</b> embroidered with gold thread, upon her bosom.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fantastic-alness</h1>
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<hw>Fan*tas"tic-al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being fantastic.</def>

<h1>Fantasticism</h1>
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<hw>Fan*tas"ti*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being fantastical; fancifulness; whimsicality.</def>

<i>Ruskin.</i>

<h1>Fantasticly</h1>
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<hw>Fan*tas"tic*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Fantastically.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fantasticness</h1>
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<hw>Fan*tas"tic*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fantasticalness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fantasticco</h1>
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<hw>Fan*tas"tic*co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A fantastic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fantasy</h1>
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<hw>Fan"ta*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fantasies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Fancy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fancy; imagination; especially, a whimsical or fanciful conception; a vagary of the imagination; whim; caprice; humor.</def>

<blockquote>Is not this something more than <b>fantasy</b> ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A thousand <b>fantasies</b>
Being to throng into my memory.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fantastic designs.</def>

<blockquote>Embroidered with <b>fantasies</b> and flourishes of gold thread.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fantasy</h1>
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<hw>Fan"ta*sy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To have a fancy for; to be pleased with; to like; to fancy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cavendish.</i>

<blockquote>Which he doth most <b>fantasy</b>.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fantoccini</h1>
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<hw>Fan`toc*ci"ni</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[It., dim. fr. <ets>fante</ets> child.]</ety> <def>Puppets caused to perform evolutions or dramatic scenes by means of machinery; also, the representations in which they are used.</def>

<h1>Fantom</h1>
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<hw>Fan"tom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Phantom</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Fantom corn</col>, <cd>phantom corn.</cd></cs>

<i>Grose.</i>

<h1>Fap</h1>
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<hw>Fap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fuddled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Faquir</h1>
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<hw>Fa*quir"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Fakir</er>.</def>

<h1>Far</h1>
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<hw>Far</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Farrow</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young pig, or a litter of pigs.</def>

<h1>Far</h1>
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<hw>Far</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<er>Farther</er> <tt>(#)</tt> and <er>Farthest</er> <tt>(#)</tt> are used as the <tt>compar</tt>. and <tt>superl</tt>. of <ex>far</ex>, although they are corruptions arising from confusion with <i>further</i> and <i>furthest</i>. See <er>Further</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fer</ets>, <ets>feor</ets>, AS. <ets>feor</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>fer</ets>, D. <ets>ver</ets>, OHG. <ets>ferro</ets>, adv., G. <ets>fern</ets>, <tt>a.</tt>, Icel. <ets>fjarri</ets>, Dan. <ets>fjirn</ets>, Sw. <ets>fjerran</ets>, adv., Goth. <ets>fa\'c6rra</ets>, adv., Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ beyond, Skr. <ets>paras</ets>, adv., far, and prob. to L. <ets>per</ets> through, and E. prefix <ets>for-</ets>, as in <ets>for</ets>give, and also to <ets>fare</ets>. CF. <er>Farther</er>, <er>Farthest</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Distant in any direction; not near; remote; mutually separated by a wide space or extent.</def>

<blockquote>They said, . . . We be come from a <b>far</b> country.
<i>Josh. ix. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The nations <b>far</b> and near contend in choice.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Remote from purpose; contrary to design or wishes; <as>as, <ex>far</ex> be it from me to justify cruelty</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Remote in affection or obedience; at a distance, morally or spiritually; t enmity with; alienated.</def>

<blockquote>They that are <b>far</b> from thee ahsll perish.
<i>Ps. lxxiii. 27.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Widely different in nature or quality; opposite in character.</def>

<blockquote>He was <b>far</b> from ill looking, though he thought himself still farther.
<i>F. Anstey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The more distant of two; <as>as, the <ex>far</ex> side (called also <ex>off side</ex>) of a horse, that is, the right side, or the one opposite to the rider when he mounts</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The distinction between the adjectival and adverbial use of <i>far</i> is sometimes not easily discriminated.</note>

<cs><col>By far</col>, <cd>by much; by a great difference.</cd> -- <col>Far between</col>, <cd>with a long distance (of space or time) between; at long intervals.</cd> "The examinations are few and <i>far between<i>." <i>Farrar</i>.</cs>

<h1>Far</h1>
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<hw>Far</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To a great extent or distance of space; widely; <as>as, we are separated <ex>far</ex> from each other</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To a great distance in time from any point; remotely; <as>as, he pushed his researches <ex>far</ex> into antiquity</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In great part; <as>as, the day is <ex>far</ex> spent</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In a great proportion; by many degrees; very much; deeply; greatly.</def>

<blockquote>Who can find a virtuous woman ? for her price is <b>far</b> above rubies.
<i>Prov. xxxi. 10.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>As far as</col>, <cd>to the extent, or degree, that. See <cref>As far as</cref>, under <er>As</er>.</cd> -- <col>Far off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>At a great distance, absolutely or relatively.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Distant in sympathy or affection; alienated. "But now, in Christ Jesus, ye who some time were <i>far off<i> are made nigh by the blood of Christ." <i>Eph. ii. 13.</i></cd> -- <col>Far other</col>, <cd>different by a great degree; not the same; quite unlike. <i>Pope</i>.</cd> -- <col>Far and near</col>, <cd>at a distance and close by; throughout a whole region.</cd> -- <col>Far and wide</col>, <cd>distantly and broadly; comprehensively. "<i>Far and wide<i> his eye commands." <i>Milton</i>.</cd> -- <col>From far</col>, <cd>from a great distance; from a remote place.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; <i>Far</i> often occurs in self-explaining compounds, such as <i>far</i>-extended, <i>far</i>-reaching, <i>far</i>-spread.</note>

<hr>
<page="543">
Page 543<p>

<h1>Farabout</h1>
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<hw>Far"*a*bout`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A going out of the way; a digression.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Farad</h1>
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<hw>Far"ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Michael <ets>Faraday</ets>, the English electrician.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The standard unit of electrical capacity; the capacity of a condenser whose charge, having an electro-motive force of one volt, is equal to the amount of electricity which, with the same electromotive force, passes through one ohm in one second; the capacity, which, charged with one coulomb, gives an electro-motive force of one volt.</def>

<h1>Faradic</h1>
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<hw>Far*ad"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Michael <i>Faraday</i>, the distinguished electrician; -- applied especially to induced currents of electricity, as produced by certain forms of inductive apparatus, on account of Faraday's investigations of their laws.</def>

<h1>Faradism, Faradization</h1>
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<hw><hw>Far"a*dism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Far`a*di*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The treatment with faradic or induced currents of electricity for remedial purposes.</def>

<h1>Farand</h1>
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<hw>Far"and</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Farrand</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Farandams</h1>
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<hw>Far"an*dams</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fabrik made of silk and wool or hair.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Farantly</h1>
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<hw>Far"ant*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Farrand</er>.]</ety> <def>Orderly; comely; respectable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Farce</h1>
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<hw>Farce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Farced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Farcing</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>Farcir</ets>, L. <ets>farcire</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to fence in, stop up. Cf. <er>Force</er> to stuff, <er>Diaphragm</er>, <er>Frequent</er>, <er>Farcy</er>, <er>Farse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stuff with forcemeat; hence, to fill with mingled ingredients; to fill full; to stuff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The first principles of religion should not be <b>farced</b> with school points and private tenets.
<i>Bp. Sanderson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His tippet was aye <b>farsed</b> full of knives.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To render fat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If thou wouldst <b>farce</b> thy lean ribs.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To swell out; to render pompous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Farcing</b> his letter with fustian.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Farce</h1>
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<hw>Farce</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>farce</ets>, from L. <ets>farsus</ets> (also sometimes <ets>farctus</ets>), p.p. pf <ets>farcire</ets>. See <er>Farce</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Stuffing, or mixture of viands, like that used on dressing a fowl; forcemeat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A low style of comedy; a dramatic composition marked by low humor, generally written with little regard to regularity or method, and abounding with ludicrous incidents and expressions.</def>

<blockquote><b>Farce</b> is that in poetry which "grotesque" is in a picture: the persons and action of a <b>farce</b> are all unnatural, and the manners false.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Ridiculous or empty show; <as>as, a mere <ex>farce</ex></as>.</def> "The <i>farce</i> of state."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Farcement</h1>
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<hw>Farce"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Stuffing; forcemeat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They spoil a good dish with . . . unsavory <b>farcements</b>.
<i>Feltham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Farcical</h1>
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<hw>Far"ci*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to farce; appropriated to farce; ludicrous; unnatural; unreal.</def>

<blockquote>They deny the characters to be <b>farcical</b>, because they are <?/<?/tually in in nature.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Far"ci*cal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -<wf>Far"ci*cal*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Farcical</h1>
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<hw>Far"ci*cal</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the disease called farcy. See <er>Farcy</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Farcilite</h1>
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<hw>Far"ci*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Farce</ets>+-<ets>lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Pudding stone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<h1>Farcimen, Farcin</h1>
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<hw><hw>Far"ci*men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Far"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Farcy</er>.</def>

<h1>Farcing</h1>
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<hw>Far"cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Stuffing; forcemeat.</def>

<h1>Farctate</h1>
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<hw>Farc"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>farctus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>farcire</ets>. See <er>Farce</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Stuffed; filled solid; <as>as, a <ex>farctate</ex> leaf, stem, or pericarp</as>; -- opposed to <i>tubular</i> or <i>hollow</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Farcy</h1>
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<hw>Far"cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>farcin</ets>; cf. L. <ets>farciminum</ets> a disease of horses, fr. <ets>farcire</ets>. See <er>Farce</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A contagious disease of horses, associated with painful ulcerating enlargements, esp. upon the head and limbs. It is of the same nature as glanders, and is often fatal. Called also <altname>farcin</altname>, and <altname>farcimen</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Farcy</i>, although more common in horses, is communicable to other animals and to human beings.</note>

<cs><col>Farcy bud</col>, <cd>a hard, prominent swelling occurrinng upon the cutaneous surface in farcy, due to the obstruction and inflammation of the lymphatic vessels, and followed by ulceration.</cd></cs>

<i>Youatt.</i>

<h1>Fard</h1>
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<hw>Fard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., prob. fr. OHG. gi<ets>farit</ets>, gi<ets>farwit</ets> p.p. of <ets>farwjan</ets> to color, tinge, fr. <ets>farawa</ets> color, G. <ets>farbe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Paint used on the face.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Painted with French <i>fard</i>."

<i>J. Whitaker.</i>

<h1>Fard</h1>
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<hw>Fard</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>farder</ets> to paint one's face.]</ety> <def>To paint; -- said esp. of one's face.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<h1>Fardage</h1>
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<hw>Far`dage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Fardel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dunnage</er>.</def>

<h1>Fardel</h1>
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<hw>Far"del</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>fardel</ets>, F. <ets>fardeau</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>fardel</ets>, <ets>fardillo</ets>, <ets>fardo</ets>, LL. <ets>fardellus</ets>; prob. fr. Ar. <ets>fard</ets> one of the two parts of an object divisible into two, hence, one of the two parts of a camel's load. Cf. <er>Furl</er>.]</ety> <def>A bundle or little pack; hence, a burden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>fardel</b> of never-ending misery and suspense.
<i>Marryat.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fardel</h1>
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<hw>Far"del</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make up in fardels.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Farding-bag</h1>
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<hw>Far"ding-bag`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain origin; cf. <er>Fardel</er>.]</ety> <def>The upper stomach of a cow, or other ruminant animal; the rumen.</def>

<h1>Fardingdale</h1>
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<hw>Far"ding*dale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A farthingale.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fardingdeal</h1>
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<hw>Far"ding*deal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Farthing</er>, and <er>Deal</er> a part.]</ety> <def>The fourth part of an acre of land.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>farding dale</asp>, <asp>fardingale</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Fare</h1>
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<hw>Fare</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fared</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Faring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>faran</ets> to travel, fare; akin to OS., Goth., & OHG. <ets>faran</ets> to travel, go, D. <ets>varen</ets>, G. <ets>fahren</ets>, OFries., Isel., & Sw. <ets>fara</ets>, Dan. <ets>fare</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a way through, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a ferry, strait, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to convey, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to go, march, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ beyond, on the other side, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to pass through, L. <ets>peritus</ets> experienced, <ets>portus</ets> port, Skr. <ets>par</ets> to bring over. &root;78. Cf <er>Chaffer</er>, <er>Emporium</er>, <er>Far</er>, <er>Ferry</er>, <er>Ford</er>, <er>Peril</er>, <er>Port</er> a harbor, <er>Pore</er>, <tt>n</tt>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go; to pass; to journey; to travel.</def>

<blockquote>So on he <b>fares</b>, and to the border comes
Of Eden.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be in any state, or pass through any experience, good or bad; to be attended with any circummstances or train of events, fortunate or unfortunate; <as>as, he <ex>fared</ex> well, or ill</as>.</def>

<blockquote>So <b>fares</b> the stag among the enraged hounds.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I bid you most heartily well to <b>fare</b>.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So <b>fared</b> the knight between two foes.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be treated or entertained at table, or with bodily or social comforts; to live.</def>

<blockquote>There was a certain rich man wwhich . . . <b>fared</b> sumptuously every day.
<i>Luke xvi. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To happen well, or ill; -- used impersonally; <as>as, we shall see how it will <ex>fare</ex> with him</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sso <b>fares</b> it when with truth falsehood contends.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To behave; to conduct one's self.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She <b>ferde</b> [fared] as she would die.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fare</h1>
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<hw>Fare</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.  <ets>faru</ets> journey, fr. <ets>faran</ets>. See <er>Fare</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A journey; a passage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That nought might stay his <b>fare</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The price of passage or going; the sum paid or due for conveying a person by land or water; <as>as, the <ex>fare</ex> for crossing a river; the <ex>fare</ex> in a coach or by railway.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Ado; bustle; business.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The warder chid and made <b>fare</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Condition or state of things; fortune; hap; cheer.</def>

<blockquote>What <b>fare</b>? what news abroad ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Food; provisions for the table; entertainment; <as>as, coarse <ex>fare</ex>; delicious <ex>fare</ex>.</as></def> "Philosophic <i>fare</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The person or persons conveyed in a vehicle; <as>as, a full <ex>fare</ex> of passengers</as>.</def>

<i>A. Drummond.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The catch of fish on a fishing vessel.</def>

<cs><col>Bill of fare</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bill</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fare</col> <col>indicator &or; register</col></mcol>, <cd>a device for recording the number of passengers on a street car, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fare wicket</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A gate or turnstile at the entrance of toll bridges, exhibition grounds, etc., for registering the number of persons passing it.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An opening in the door of a street car for purchasing tickets of the driver or passing fares to the conductor.</cd>

<i>Knight.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Faren</h1>
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<hw>Far"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Fare</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Farewell</h1>
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<hw>Fare`well"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fare</ets> (thou, you) + <ets>well</ets>.]</ety> <def>Go well; good-by; adieu;  -- originally applied to a person departing, but by custom now applied both to those who depart and those who remain. It is often separated by the pronoun; <as>as, <ex>fare</ex> you <ex>well</ex></as>; and is sometimes used as an expression of separation only; <as>as, <ex>farewell</ex> the year; <ex>farewell</ex>, ye sweet groves; that is, I bid you <ex>farewell</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>So <b>farewell</b> hope, and with hope, <b>farewell</b> fear.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Fare</b> thee <b>well</b>! and if forever,
Still forever <b>fare</b> thee <b>well</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The primary accent is sometimes placed on the first syllable, especially in poetry.</note>

<h1>Farewell</h1>
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<hw>Fare`well"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wish of happiness or welfare at parting; the parting compliment; a good-by; adieu.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Act of departure; leave-taking; a last look at, or reference to something.</def>

<blockquote>And takes her <b>farewell</b> of the glorious sun.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Before I take my <b>farewell</b> of the subject.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Farewell</h1>
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<hw>Fare"well`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Parting; valedictory; final; <as>as, a <ex>farewell</ex> discourse; his <ex>farewell</ex> bow.</as></def>

<blockquote>Leans in his spear to take his <b>farewell</b> view.
<i>Tickell.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Farewell rock</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>the Millstone grit; -- so called because no coal is found worth working below this stratum. It is used for hearths of furnaces, having power to resist intense heat.</cd></cs>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Farfet</h1>
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<hw>Far"fet`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Far</ets> + <ets>fet</ets>, <tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Fette</er>.]</ety> <def>Farfetched.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>York with his <b>farfet</b> policy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Farfetch</h1>
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<hw>Far"fetch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Far</ets> + <ets>fetch</ets>.]</ety> <def>To bring from far; to seek out studiously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>farfetch</b> the name of Tartar from a Hebrew word.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Farfetch</h1>
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<hw>Far"fetch`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything brought from far, or brought about with studious care; a deep strategem.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Politic <i>farfetches</i>."

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Farfetched</h1>
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<hw>Far"fetched`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Brought from far, or from a remote place.</def>

<blockquote>Every remedy contained a multitude of <b>farfetched</b> and heterogeneous ingredients.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Studiously sought; not easily or naturally deduced or introduced; forced; strained.</def>

<h1>Farina</h1>
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<hw>Fa*ri"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., meal, flour, fr. <ets>far</ets> a sort of grain, spelt; akin to E. <ets>barley</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fine flour or meal made from cereal grains or from the starch or fecula of vegetables, extracted by various processes, and used in cookery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pollen.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>Farinaceous</h1>
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<hw>Far`i*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>farinaceus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting or made of meal or flour; <as>as, a <ex>farinaceous</ex> diet</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Yielding farina or flour; <as>as, <ex>ffarinaceous</ex> seeds</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Like meal; mealy; pertainiing to meal; <as>as, a <ex>farinaceous</ex> taste, smell, or appearance</as>.</def>

<h1>Farinose</h1>
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<hw>Far`i*nose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>farinosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>farineux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Yielding farinaa; <as>as, <ex>farinose</ex> substances</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld><def>Civered with a sort of white, mealy powder, as the leaves of some poplars, and the body of certain insects; mealy.</def>

<h1>Farl</h1>
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<hw>Farl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Furl</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Farlie</h1>
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<hw>Far"lie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ferlish</ets> wonder, as adj., strange, sudden, fearful, AS. <ets>f\'d6rl\'c6c</ets> sudden. See <er>Fear</er>.]</ety> <def>An unusual or unexpected thing; a wonder. See <er>Fearly</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Farm</h1>
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<hw>Farm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ferme</ets> rent, lease, F. <ets>ferme</ets>, LL. <ets>firma</ets>, fr. L. <ets>firmus</ets> firm, fast, <ets>firmare</ets> to make firm or fast.  See <er>Firm</er>, <tt>a.</tt> & <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The rent of land, -- originally paid by reservation of part of its products.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The term or tenure of a lease of land for cultivation; a leasehold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It is great willfulness in landlords to make any longer <b>farms</b> to their tenants.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The land held under lease and by payment of rent for the purpose of cultivation.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any tract of land devoted to agricultural purposes, under the management of a tenant or the owner.</def>

<note>&hand; In English the ideas of a lease, a term, and a rent, continue to be in a great degree inseparable, even from the popular meaning of a <i>farm</i>, as they are entirely so from the legal sense.</note>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A district of country leased (or farmed) out for the collection of the revenues of government.</def>

<blockquote>The province was devided into twelve <b>farms</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A lease of the imposts on particular goods; <as>as, the sugar <ex>farm</ex>, the silk <ex>farm</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whereas G. H.  held the <b>farm</b> of sugars upon a rent of 10,000 marks per annum.
<i>State Trials (1196).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Farm</h1>
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<hw>Farm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Farmed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Farming</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lease or let for an equivalent, as land for a rent; to yield the use of to proceeds.</def>

<blockquote>We are enforced to <b>farm</b> our royal realm.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give up to another, as an estate, a business, the revenue, etc., on condition of receiving in return a percentage of what it yields; <as>as, to <ex>farm</ex> the taxes</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>farm</b> their subjects and their duties toward these.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take at a certain rent or rate.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To devote (land) to agriculture; to cultivate, as land; to till, as a farm.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To farm let</col>, <col>To let to farm</col></mcol>, <cd>to lease on rent.</cd></cs>

<h1>Farm</h1>
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<hw>Farm</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To engage in the business of tilling the soil; to labor as a farmer.</def>

<h1>Farmable</h1>
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<hw>Farm"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being farmed.</def>

<h1>Farmer</h1>
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<hw>Farm"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fermier</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who farms</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who hires and cultivates a farm; a cultivator of leased ground; a tenant</def>. <i>Smart</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who is devoted to the tillage of the soil; one who cultivates a farm; an agriculturist; a husbandman</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>One who takes taxes, customs, excise, or other duties, to collect, either paying a fixed annuual rent for the privilege; <as>as, a <ex>farmer</ex> of the revenues</as></def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The lord of the field, or one who farms the lot and cope of the crown.</def>

<cs><col>Farmer-general</col> <ety>[F. <ets>fermier-general</ets>]</ety>, <cd>one to whom the right of levying certain taxes, in a particular district, was <i>farmed out</i>, under the former French monarchy, for a given sum paid down.</cd> -- <col>Farmers' satin</col>, <cd>a light material of cotton and worsted, used for coat linings.</cd> <i>McElrath</i>. -- <col>The king's farmer</col> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>one to whom the collection of a royal revenue was farmed out.</cd></cs>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Farmeress</h1>
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<hw>Farm"er*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who farms.</def>

<h1>Farmership</h1>
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<hw>Farm"er*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Skill in farming.</def>

<h1>Farmery</h1>
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<hw>Farm"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The buildings and yards necessary for the business of a farm; a homestead.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Farmhouse</h1>
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<hw>Farm"house`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dwelling house on a farm; a farmer's residence.</def>

<h1>Farming</h1>
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<hw>Farm"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to agriculture; devoted to, adapted to, or engaged in, farming; <as>as, <ex>farming</ex> tools; <ex>farming</ex> land; a <ex>farming</ex> community.</as></def>

<h1>Farming</h1>
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<hw>Farm"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The business of cultivating land.</def>

<h1>Farmost</h1>
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<hw>Far"most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Most distant; farthest.</def>

<blockquote>A spacious cave within its <b>farmost</b> part.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Farmstead</h1>
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<hw>Farm"stead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A farm with the building upon it; a homestead on a farm.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>With its pleasant groves and <b>farmsteads</b>.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Farmsteading</h1>
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<hw>Farm"stead*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A farmstead.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Black.</i>

<h1>Farmyard</h1>
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<hw>Farm"yard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The yard or inclosure attached to a barn, or the space inclosed by the farm buildings.</def>

<h1>Farness</h1>
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<hw>Far"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Far</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The state of being far off; distance; remoteness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Faro</h1>
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<hw>Far"o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Said to be so called because the Egyptian king <ets>Pharaoh</ets> was formerly represented upon one of the cards.]</ety> <def>A gambling game at cardds, in whiich all the other players play against the dealer or banker, staking their money upon the order in which the cards will lie and be dealt from the pack.</def>

<cs><col>Faro bank</col>, <cd>the capital which the proprietor of a farotable ventures in the game; also, the place where a game of faro is played.</cd></cs>

<i>Hoyle.</i>

<h1>Faroese</h1>
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<hw>Fa`ro*ese`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def>An inhabitant, or, collectively, inhabitants, of the Faroe islands.</def>

<h1>Faroff</h1>
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<hw>Far"*off`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Remote; <as>as, the <ex>far-off</ex> distance</as>. Cf. <i>Far-off</i>, under <er>Far</er>, adv.</def>

<h1>Farrag-inous</h1>
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<hw>Far*rag-i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Farrago</er>.]</ety> <def>Formed of various materials; mixed; <as>as, a <ex>farraginous</ex> mountain</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<blockquote>AA <b>farraginous</b> concurrence of all conditions, tempers, sexes, and ages.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Farrago</h1>
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<hw>Far*ra"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>farrago</ets>, <ets>-aginis</ets>, mi8xed fodder for cattle, mash, medley, fr. <ets>far</ets> a sort of grain. See <er>Farina</er>.]</ety> <def>A mass ccomposed of various materials confusedly mixed; a medley; a mixture.</def>

<blockquote>A confounded <b>farrago</b> of doubts, fears, hopes, wishes, and all the flimsy furniture of a country miss's brain.
<i>Sheridan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Farfand</h1>
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<hw>Far"fand</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>farand</ets> beautiful; cf. Gael. <ets>farranta</ets> neat, stout, stately; or perh. akin to E. <ets>fare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Manner; custom; fashion; humor.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>farand</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Grose.</i>

<h1>Farreation</h1>
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<hw>Far`re*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>farreatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Confarreation</er>.</def>

<h1>Farrier</h1>
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<hw>Far"ri*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>farrour</ets>, <ets>ferrer</ets>, OF. <ets>ferreor</ets>, <ets>ferrier</ets>, LL. <ets>Ferrator</ets>, <ets>ferrarius equorum</ets>, from <ets>ferrare</ets> to shoe a horse, <ets>ferrum</ets> a horseshoe, fr. L. <ets>ferrum</ets> iron.  Cf. <er>Ferreous</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <wordforms>A shoer of horses; a veterinary surgeon.</def>

<h1>Farrier</h1>
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<hw>Far"ri*er</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>To practice as a farrier; to carry on the trade of a farrier.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Farriery</h1>
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<hw>Far"ri*er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of shoeing horses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The art of preventing, curing, or mitigating diseases of horses and cattle; the veterinary art.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The place where a smith shoes horses.</def>

<hr>
<page="544">
Page 544<p>

<h1>Farrow</h1>
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<hw>Far"row</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fearh</ets> a little pig; a akin to OHG. <ets>farh</ets>, <ets>farah</ets>, pig, dim. <ets>farheli</ets> little pig, G. <ets>fercel</ets>, D. <ets>varken</ets> pig, Lith. <ets>parszas</ets> OIr. <ets>orc</ets>,L. <ets>porcus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Pork</er>.]</ety> <def>A little of pigs.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Farfow</h1>
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<hw>Far"fow</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Farrowed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Farrowing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring forth (young); -- said only of swine.</def>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Farrow</h1>
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<hw>Far"row</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Scot. <ets>ferry cow</ets> a cow that is not with calf, D. <ets>vaarkoe</ets>, <ets>vaars</ets>, heifer, G. <ets>f\'84rse</ets>, AS. <ets>fearr</ets> bull, G. <ets>farre</ets>. Cf. <er>Heifer</er>.]</ety> <def>Not producing young in a given season or year; -- said only of cows.</def>

<note>&hand; If a cow has had a calf, but fails in a subsequent year, she is said to be <i>farrow</i>, or to go <i>farrow</i>.</note>

<h1>Farry</h1>
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<hw>Far"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A farrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Perry.</i>

<h1>Farse</h1>
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<hw>Farse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Farce</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An addition to, or a paraphrase of, some part of the Latin service in the vernacular; -- common in English before the Reformation.</def>

<h1>Farseeing</h1>
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<hw>Far"see`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Able to see to a great distance; farsighted.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having foresight as regards the future.</def>

<h1>Farsighted</h1>
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<hw>Far"sight`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Seeing to great distance; hence, of good judgment regarding the remote effects of actions; sagacious.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hypermetropic.</def>

<h1>Farsightedness</h1>
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<hw>Far"sight`ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Quality of bbeing farsighted.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hypermetropia.</def>

<h1>Farstretched</h1>
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<hw>Far"*stretched`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Streatched beyond ordinary limits.</def>

<h1>Farther</h1>
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<hw>Far"ther</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a., compar. of <er>Far</er></tt>. <wordforms>[<tt>superl.</tt> <er>Farthest</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. See <er>Further</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For <ets>farrer</ets>, OE. <ets>ferrer</ets>, compar. of <ets>far</ets>; confused with <ets>further</ets>. Cf. <er>Farthest</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>More remote; more distant than something else.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tending to a greater distance; beyond a certain point; additional; further.</def>

<blockquote>Before our <b>farther</b> way the fates allow.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let me add a <b>farther</b> Truth.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some <b>farther</b> change awaits us.
<i>MIlton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Farther</h1>
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<hw>Far"ther</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At or to a greater distance; more renotely; beyond; <as>as, let us rest with what we have, without looking <ex>farther</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Moreover; by way of progress in treating a subject; <as>as, <ex>farther</ex>, let us consider the probable event</as>.</def>

<cs><col>No farther</col>, <cd>(used elliptically for) go no farther; say no more, etc.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>It will be dangerous to go on. <b>No farther</b> !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Farther</h1>
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<hw>Far"ther</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To help onward. <mark>[R.]</mark> See <er>Further</er>.</def>

<h1>Fartherance</h1>
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<hw>Far"ther*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Furtherence</er>.</def>

<h1>Farthermore</h1>
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<hw>Far"ther*more*"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Furthermore</er>.</def>

<h1>Farthermost</h1>
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<hw>Far"ther*most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Most distant or remote; <as>as, the <ex>farthest</ex> degree</as>. See <er>Furthest</er>.</def>

<h1>Farthing</h1>
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<hw>Far"thing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>furthing</ets>, AS. <ets>fe\'a2r<?/ung</ets>, fr. <ets>fe\'a2r<?/a</ets> fourth, <ets>fe\'a2r</ets>, <ets>fe\'a2wer</ets>, four. See <er>Four</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fourth of a penny; a small copper coin of Great Britain, being a cent in United States currency.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A very small quantity or value.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In her cup was no <b>farthing</b> seen of grease.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A division of hand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thirty acres make a <b>farthing</b> land; nine <b>farthings</b> a Cornish acre; and four Cornish acres a knight's fee.
<i>R. Carew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Farthingale</h1>
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<hw>Far"thin*gale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>vardingale</ets>, <ets>fardingale</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>vertugale</ets>, <ets>verdugade</ets>, F. <ets>vertugade</ets>, <ets>vertugadin</ets>, from Sp. <ets>verdugado</ets>, being named from its hoops, fr. <ets>verdugo</ets> a young shoot of tree, fr. <ets>verde</ets> green, fr. L. <ets>viridis</ets>. See <er>Verdant</er>.]</ety> <def>A hoop skirt or hoop petticoat, or other light, elastic material, used to extend the petticoat.</def>

<blockquote>We'll revel it as bravely as the best, . . .
With ruffs and cuffs, and <b>farthingales</b> and things.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fasces</h1>
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<hw>Fas"ces</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., <ets>pl</ets>. of <ets>fascis</ets> bundle; cf. <ets>fascia</ets> a band, and Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ a bundle.]</ety>, <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> A bundle of rods, having among them an ax with the blade projecting, borne before the Roman magistrates as a badge of their authority.</def>

<h1>Fascet</h1>
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<hw>Fas"cet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Glass Making)</fld> <def>A wire basket on the end of a rod to carry glass bottles, etc., to the annealing furnace; also, an iron rod to be thrust into the mouths of bottles, and used for the same purpose; -- calles also <i>pontee</i> and <i>punty</i>.</def>

<h1>Fascia</h1>
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<hw>Fas"ci*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fasci\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a band: cf. It. <ets>fascia</ets>. See <er>Fasces</er>, and cf. <er>Fess</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A band, sash, or fillet; especially, in surgery, a bandage or roller.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A flat member of an order or building, like a flat band or broad fillet; especially, one of the three bands which make up the architrave, in the Ionic order. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Column</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The layer of loose tissue, often containing fat, immediately beneath the skin; the stronger layer of connective tissue covering and investing all muscles; an aponeurosis.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A broad well-defined band of color.</def>

<h1>Fascial</h1>
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<hw>Fas"ci*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the fasces.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Relating to a fascia.</def>

<h1>Fasciate, Fasciated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fas"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fas"ci*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fasciatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>fasciare</ets> to envelop with bands, fr. <ets>fascia</ets> band. See <er>Fasces</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bound with a fillet, sash, or bandage.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Banded or compacted together.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Flattened and laterally widened, as are often the stems of the garden cockscomb.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Broadly banded with color.</def>

<h1>Fasciation</h1>
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<hw>Fas`ci*a"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or manner of binding up; bandage; also, the condition of being fasciated.</def>

<h1>Fascicle</h1>
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<hw>Fas"ci*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fasciculus</ets>, dim. of <ets>fascis</ets>. See <er>Fasces</er>.]</ety> <def>A small bundle or collection; a compact cluster; <as>as, a <ex>fascicle</ex> of fibers; a <ex>fascicle</ex> of flowers or roots.</def>

<h1>Fascicled</h1>
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<hw>Fas"ci*cled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> Growing in a bundle, tuft, or close cluster; <as>as, the <ex>fascicled</ex> leaves of the pine or larch; the <ex>fascicled</ex> roots of the dahlia;  <ex>fascicled</ex> muscle fibers; <ex>fascicled</ex> tufts of hair.</as></def>

<h1>Fascicular</h1>
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<hw>Fas*cic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a fascicle; fascicled; <as>as, a <ex>fascicular</ex> root</as>.</def>

<h1>Fascicularly</h1>
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<hw>Fas*cic"u*lar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fascicled manner.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<h1>Fasciculate, Fasciculated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fas*cic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fas*cic"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Grouped in a fascicle; fascicled.</def>

<h1>Fasciculus</h1>
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<hw>Fas*cic"u*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fasciculi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Fascicle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little bundle; a fascicle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A division of a book.</def>

<h1>Fascinate</h1>
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<hw>Fas"ci*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fascinated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt>. <er>Fascinating</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>fascinare</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to slander, bewitch.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To influence in an uncontrollable manner; to operate on by some powerful or irresistible charm; to bewitch; to enchant.</def>

<blockquote>It has been almost universally believed that . . . serpents can stupefy and <b>fascinate</b> the prey which they are desirous to obtain.
<i>Griffith (Cuvier).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To excite and allure irresistibly or powerfully; to charm; to captivate, as by physical or mental charms.</def>

<blockquote> there be none of the passions that have been noted to <b>fascinate</b> or bewhich but love and envy.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To charm; enrapture; captivate; enchant; bewitch; attract.</syn>

<h1>Fascination</h1>
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<hw>Fas`ci*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fascinatio</ets>; cf. F. <ets>fascination</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of fascinating, bewhiching, or enchanting; enchantment; witchcraft; the exercise of a powerful or irresistible influence on the affections or passions; unseen, inexplicable influence.</def>

<blockquote>The Turks hang old rags . . . upon their fairest horses, and other goodly creatures, to secure them against <b>fascination</b>.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state or condition of being fascinated.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which fascinates; a charm; a spell.</def>

<blockquote>There is a certain bewitchery or <b>fascination</b> in words.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fascine</h1>
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<hw>Fas*cine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>fascina</ets> a bundle of sticks, fr. <ets>fascis</ets>. See <er>Fasces</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort. & Engin.)</fld> <def>A cylindrical bundle of small sticks of wood, bound together, used in raising batteries, filling ditches, strengthening ramparts, and making parapets; also in revetments for river banks, and in mats for dams, jetties, etc.</def>

<h1>Fascinous</h1>
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<hw>Fas"ci*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fascinum</ets> witchcraft, akin to <ets>fascinare</ets>. See <er>Fascinate</er>.]</ety> <def>Caused or acting by witchcraft.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Fascinous</i> diseases."

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Fasciola</h1>
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<hw>Fas*ci"o*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>;<plu>pl. <plw>Fasciol\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Fasciole</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A band of gray matter bordering the fimbria in the brain; the dentate convolution.</def>

<i>Wilder.</i>

<h1>Fasciole</h1>
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<hw>Fas"ci*ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fasciola</ets> a little bandage. See <er>Fascia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A band of minute tubercles, bearing modified spines, on the shells of spatangoid sea urchins. See <er>Spatangoidea</er>.</def>

<h1>Fash</h1>
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<hw>Fash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fashed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>faschier</ets>, F. <ets>f<?/cher</ets>, to anger, vex; cf. Pr. <ets>fasticar</ets>, <ets>fastigar</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fastidium</ets> dilike. See <er>Fastidious</er>.]</ety> <def>To vex; to tease; to trouble.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Fash</h1>
<Xpage=544>

<hw>Fash</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Vexation; anxiety; care.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>Without further <b>fash</b> on my part.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fashion</h1>
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<hw>Fash"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fasoun</ets>, <ets>facioun</ets>, shape, manner, F. <ets>facon</ets>, orig., a making, fr. L. <ets>factio</ets> a making, fr. <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Fact</er>, <er>Feat</er>, and cf. <er>Faction</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The make or form of anything; the style, shape, appearance, or mode of structure; pattern, model; <as>as, the <ex>fashion</ex> of the ark, of a coat, of a house, of an altar, etc.</as> ; workmanship; execution.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>fashion</b> of his countenance was altered.
<i>Luke ix. 29.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I do not like the <b>fashion</b> of your garments.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The prevailing mode or style, especially of dress; custom or conventional usage in respect of dress, behavior, etiquette, etc.; particularly, the mode or style usual among persons of good breeding; <as>as, to dress, dance, sing, ride, etc., in the <ex>fashion</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The innocent diversions in <b>fashion</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As now existing, <b>fashion</b> is a form of social regulation analogous to constitutional government as a form of political regulation.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Polite, fashionable, or genteel life; social position; good breeding; <as>as, men of <ex>fashion</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Mode of action; method of conduct; manner; custom; sort; way.</def> "After his sour <i>fashion</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>After a fashion</col>, <cd>to a certain extent; in a sort.</cd> -- <col>Fashion piece</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>one of the timbers which terminate the transom, and define the shape of the stern.</cd> -- <col>Fashion plate</col>, <cd>a pictorial design showing the prevailing style or a new style of dress.</cd></cs>
<-- #<sic> in a sort? s.b. of a sort? -->

<h1>Fashion</h1>
<Xpage=544>

<hw>Fash"ion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fashioned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fashioning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>faconner</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form; to give shape or figure to; to mold.</def>

<blockquote>Here the loud hammer <b>fashions</b> female toys.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ingenious art . . .
Steps forth to <b>fashion</b> and refine the age.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fit; to adapt; to accommodate; -- with <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Laws ought to be <b>fashioned</b> to the manners and conditions of the people.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make according to the rule prescribed by custom.</def>

<blockquote><b>Fashioned</b> plate sells for more than its weight.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To forge or counterfeit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Fashioning needle</col> <fld>(Knitting Machine)</fld>, <cd>a needle used for widening or narrowing the work and thus shaping it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fashionable</h1>
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<hw>Fash"ion*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Conforming to the fashion or established mode; according with the prevailing form or style; <as>as, a <ex>fashionable</ex> dress</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Established or favored by custom or use; current; prevailing at a particular time; <as>as, the <ex>fashionable</ex> philosophy; <ex>fashionable</ex> opinions</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Observant of the fashion or customary mode; dressing or behaving according to the prevailing fashion; <as>as, a <ex>fashionable</ex> man</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Genteel; well-bred; <as>as, <ex>fashionable</ex> society</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Time is like a <b>fashionable</b> host
That slightly shakes his parting guest by the hand.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fashionable</h1>
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<hw>Fash"ion*a*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who conforms to the fashions; -- used chiefly in the plural.</def>

<h1>Fashionableness</h1>
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<hw>Fash"ion*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being fashionable.</def>

<h1>Fashionably</h1>
<Xpage=544>

<hw>Fash"ion*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fashionable manner.</def>

<h1>Fashioned</h1>
<Xpage=544>

<hw>Fash"ioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Having a certain style or fashion; as old-<i>fashioned</i>; new-<i>fashioned</i>.</def>

<h1>Fashioner</h1>
<Xpage=544>

<hw>Fash"ion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fashions, forms, ar gives shape to anything.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>fashioner</b> had accomplished his task, and the dresses were brought home.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fashionist</h1>
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<hw>Fash"ion*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An obsequious follower of the modes and fashions.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Fashionless</h1>
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<hw>Fash"ion*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no fashion.</def>

<h1>Fashion-monger</h1>
<Xpage=544>

<hw>Fash"ion-mon`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who studies the fashions; a fop; a dandy.</def>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Fashion-mongering</h1>
<Xpage=544>

<hw>Fash"ion-mon`ger*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Behaving like a fashion-monger.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fassaite</h1>
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<hw>Fas"sa*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of pyroxene, from the valley of <i>Fassa</i>, in the Tyrol.</def>

<h1>Fast</h1>
<Xpage=544>

<hw>Fast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fasted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fasting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>f&ae;stan</ets>; <ets>akin to D</ets>. <ets>vasten</ets>, OHG. <ets>fast&emac;n</ets>, G. <ets>fasten</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>fasta</ets>, Dan. <ets>faste</ets>, Goth. <ets>fastan</ets> to keep, observe, fast, and prob. to E. <ets>fast</ets> firm.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To abstain from food; to omit to take nourishment in whole or in part; to go hungry.</def>

<blockquote><b>Fasting</b> he went to sleep, and <b>fasting</b> waked.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To practice abstinence as a religious exercise or duty; to abstain from food voluntarily for a time, for the mortification of the body or appetites, or as a token of grief, or humiliation and penitence.</def>

<blockquote>Thou didst <b>fast</b> and weep for the child.
<i>2 Sam. xii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fasting day</col>, <cd>a fast day; a day of fasting.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fast</h1>
<Xpage=544>

<hw>Fast</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>faste</ets>, <ets>fast</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>f<?/sten</ets>, OHG. <ets>fasta</ets>, G. <ets>faste</ets>. See <er>Fast</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abstinence from food; omission to take nounrishment.</def>

<blockquote>Surfeit is the father of much <b>fast</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Voluntary abstinence from food, for a space of time, as a spiritual discipline, or as a token of religious humiliation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A time of fasting, whether a day, week, or longer time; a period of abstinence from food or certain kinds of food; <as>as, an annual <ex>fast</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Fast day</col>, <cd>a day appointed for fasting, humiliation, and religious offices as a means of invoking the favor of God.</cd> -- <col>To break one's fast</col>, <cd>to put an end to a period of abstinence by taking food; especially, to take one's morning meal; to breakfast.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fast</h1>
<Xpage=544>

<hw>Fast</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Faster</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Fastest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE., firm, strong, not loose, AS. <ets>f<?/st</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>fast</ets>, D. <ets>vast</ets>, OHG. <ets>fasti</ets>, <ets>festi</ets>, G. <ets>fest</ets>, Isel. <ets>fastr</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>fast</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>fetter</ets>. The sense <ets>swift</ets> comes from the idea of keeping close to what is pursued; a Scandinavian use. Cf. <er>Fast</er>, <ets>adv</ets>., <er>Fast</er>, <ets>v</ets>., <er>Avast</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Firmly fixed; closely adhering; made firm; not loose, unstable, or easily moved; immovable; <as>as, to make <ex>fast</ex> the door</as>.</def>

<blockquote>There is an order that keeps things <b>fast</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Firm against attack; fortified by nature or art; impregnable; strong.</def>

<blockquote>Outlaws . . . lurking in woods and <b>fast</b> places.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Firm in adherence; steadfast; not easily separated or alienated; faithful; <as>as, a <ex>fast</ex> friend</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Permanent; not liable to fade by exposure to air or by washing; durable; lasting; <as>as, <ex>fast</ex> colors</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Tenacious; retentive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Roses, damask and red, are <b>fast</b> flowers of their smells.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Not easily disturbed or broken; deep; sound.</def>

<blockquote>All this while in a most <b>fast</b> sleep.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Moving rapidly; quick in mition; rapid; swift; <as>as, a <ex>fast</ex> horse</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Given to pleasure seeking; disregardful of restraint; reckless; wild; dissipated; dissolute; <as>as, a <ex>fast</ex> man; a <ex>fast</ex> liver.</as></def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<cs><col>Fast and loose</col>, <cd>now cohering, now disjoined; inconstant, esp. in the phrases <i>to play at fast and loose</i>, <i>to play fast and loose</i>, to act with giddy or reckless inconstancy or in a tricky manner; to say one thing and do another "<i>Play fast and loose</i> with faith." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> <col>Fast and loose pulleys</col></mcol> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>two pulleys placed side by side on a revolving shaft, which is driven from another shaft by a band, and arranged to disengage and re\'89ngage the machinery driven thereby. When the machinery is to be stopped, the band is transferred from the pulley fixed to the shaft to the pulley which revolves freely upon it, and <i>vice versa<i>.</cd> -- <col>Hard and fast</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>so completely aground as to be immovable.</cd> -- <col>To make fast</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to make secure; to fasten firmly, as a vessel, a rope, or a door.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="545">
Page 545<p>

<h1>Fast</h1>
<Xpage=545>

<hw>Fast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>Faste</ets> firmly, strongly, quickly, AS. <ets>f<?/aste</ets>. See <er>Fast</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a fast, fixed, or firmly established manner; fixedly; firmly; immovably.</def>

<blockquote>We will bind thee <b>fast</b>.
<i>Judg. xv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a fast or rapid manner; quickly; swiftly; extravagantly; wildly; <as>as, to run <ex>fast</ex>; to live <ex>fast</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Fast by</col>, &or; <col>Fast beside</col></mcol>, <cd>close or near to; near at hand.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>He, after Eve seduced, unminded slunk
Into the wood <b>fast by</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Fast by</b> the throne obsequious Fame resides.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fast</h1>
<Xpage=545>

<hw>Fast</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which fastens or holds; especially, <fld>(Naut.)</fld> a mooring rope, hawser, or chain; -- called, according to its position, a <i>bow</i>, <i>head</i>, <i>quarter</i>, <i>breast</i>, or <i>stern fast</i>; also, a post on a pier around which hawsers are passed in mooring.</def>

<h1>Fasten</h1>
<Xpage=545>

<hw>Fas"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fastened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fastening</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>f\'91stnian</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>festin&omac;n</ets>. See <er>Fast</er>, <tt>a</tt>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fix firmly; to make fast; to secure, as by a knot, lock, bolt, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>fasten</ex> a chain to the feet; to <ex>fasten</ex> a door or window.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to hold together or to something else; to attach or unite firmly; to cause to cleave to something , or to cleave together, by any means; <as>as, to <ex>fasten</ex> boards together with nails or cords; to <ex>fasten</ex> anything in our thoughts.</as></def>

<blockquote>The words Whig and Tory have been pressed to the service of many successions of parties, with very different ideas <b>fastened</b> to them.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to take close effect; to make to tell; to lay on; <as>as, to <ex>fasten</ex> a blow</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>If I can <b>fasten</b> but one cup upon him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To fasten a charge</col>, &or; <col>a crime</col>, <col>upon</col></mcol>, <cd>to make his guilt certain, or so probable as to be generally believed.</cd> -- <col>To fasten one's eyes upon</col>, <cd>to look upon steadily without cessation.</cd> <i>Acts iii. 4</i>.</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To fix; cement; stick; link; affix; annex.</syn>

<h1>Fasten</h1>
<Xpage=545>

<hw>Fas"ten</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fix one's self; to take firm hold; to clinch; to cling.</def>

<blockquote>A horse leech will hardly <b>fasten</b> on a fish.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fastener</h1>
<Xpage=545>

<hw>Fas"ten*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, makes fast or firm.</def>

<h1>Fastening</h1>
<Xpage=545>

<hw>Fas"ten*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything that binds and makes fast, as a lock, catch, bolt, bar, buckle, etc.</def>

<h1>Faster</h1>
<Xpage=545>

<hw>Fast"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abstains from food.</def>

<h1>Fast-handed</h1>
<Xpage=545>

<hw>Fast"-hand`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Close-handed; close-fisted; covetous; avaricious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Fasti</h1>
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<hw>Fas"ti</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The Roman calendar, which gave the days for festivals, courts, etc., corresponding to a modern almanac.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Records or registers of important events.</def>

<h1>Fastidiosity</h1>
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<hw>Fas*tid`i*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fastidiousness; squeamishness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Fastidious</h1>
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<hw>Fas*tid"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fastidiosus</ets> disdainful, fr. <ets>fastidium</ets> loathing, aversion, perh. fr. <ets>fastus</ets> arrogance (of uncertain origin) + <ets>taedium</ets> loathing. Cf. <er>Tedious</er>, <er>Fash</er>.]</ety> <def>Difficult to please; delicate to fault; suited with difficulty; squeamish; <as>as, a <ex>fastidious</ex> mind or ear; a <ex>fastidious</ex> appetite.</as></def>

<blockquote>Proud youth ! <b>fastidious</b> of the lower world.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Squeamish; critical; overnice; difficult; punctilious.</syn>  -- <usage><er>Fastidious</er>, <er>Squeamish</er>. We call a person <i>fastidious</i> when his taste or feelings are offended by trifling defects or errors; we call him <i>squeamish</i> when he is excessively nice or critical on minor points, and also when he is overscrupulous as to questions of duty. "Whoever examines his own imperfections will cease to be <i>fastidious</i>; whoever restrains his caprice and scrupulosity will cease to be <i>squeamish</i>." <i>Crabb</i>.</usage>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fas*tid"i*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fas*tid"i*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fastigiate, Fastigiated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fas*tig"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fas*tig"i*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fastigium</ets> gable end, top, height, summit.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Narrowing towards the top.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Clustered, parallel, and upright, as the branches of the Lombardy poplar; pointed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>United into a conical bundle, or into a bundle with an enlarged head, like a sheaf of wheat.</def>

<h1>Fastish</h1>
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<hw>Fast"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rather fast; also, somewhat dissipated.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Fastly</h1>
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<hw>Fast"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Firmly; surely.</def>

<h1>Fastness</h1>
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<hw>Fast"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>f\'91stnes</ets>, fr. <ets>f\'91st</ets> fast. See <er>Fast</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being fast and firm; firmness; fixedness; security; faithfulness.</def>

<blockquote>All . . . places of <b>fastness</b> [are] laid open.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fast place; a stronghold; a fortress or fort; a secure retreat; a castle; <as>as, the enemy retired to their <ex>fastnesses</ex> in the mountains</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Conciseness of style.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The state of being fast or swift.</def>

<h1>Fastuous</h1>
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<hw>Fas"tu*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fastuosus</ets>, from <ets>fastus</ets> haughtiness, pride: cf. F. <ets>fastueux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Proud; haughty; disdainful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Barrow</i>. <wordforms><wf>Fas"tu*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Fat</h1>
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<hw>Fat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Vat</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large tub, cistern, or vessel; a vat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>fats</b> shall overflow with wine and oil.
<i>Joel ii. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A measure of quantity, differing for different commodities.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hebert.</i>

<h1>Fat</h1>
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<hw>Fat</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Fatter</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Fattest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>f&aemac;tt</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vet</ets>, G. <ets>fett</ets>, <ets>feist</ets>, Icel. <ets>feitr</ets>, Sw. <ets>fet</ets>, Dan. <ets>fed</ets>, and perh. to Gr. <grk>pi^dax</grk> spring, fountain, <grk>pidy`ein</grk> to gush forth, <grk>pi`wn</grk> fat, Skr. <ets>pi</ets> to swell.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abounding with fat</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Fleshy; characterized by fatness; plump; corpulent; not lean; <as>as, a <ex>fat</ex> man; a <ex>fat</ex> ox</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Oily; greasy; unctuous; rich; -- said of food.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exhibiting the qualities of a fat animal; coarse; heavy; gross; dull; stupid.</def>

<blockquote>Making our western wits <b>fat</b> and mean.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Make the heart of this people <b>fat</b>.
<i>Is. vi. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fertile; productive; <as>as, a <ex>fat</ex> soil; a <ex>fat</ex> pasture.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Rich; producing a large income; desirable; <as>as, a <ex>fat</ex> benefice; a <ex>fat</ex> office; a <ex>fat</ex> job.</as></def>

<blockquote>Now parson of Troston, a <b>fat</b> living in Suffolk.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Abounding in riches; affluent; fortunate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Persons grown <b>fat</b> and wealthy by long impostures.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Typog.)</fld> <def>Of a character which enables the compositor to make large wages; -- said of matter containing blank, cuts, or many leads, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>fat</ex> take; a <ex>fat</ex> page.</as></def>

<cs><col>Fat lute</col>, <cd>a mixture of pipe clay and oil for filling joints.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fat</h1>
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<hw>Fat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An oily liquid or greasy substance making up the main bulk of the adipose tissue of animals, and widely distributed in the seeds of plants. See <cref>Adipose tissue</cref>, under <er>Adipose</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Animal fats</i> are composed mainly of three distinct fats, <i>tristearin</i>, <i>tripalmitin</i>, and <i>triolein</i>, mixed in varying proportions. As olein is liquid at ordinary temperatures, while the other two fats are solid, it follows that the consistency or hardness of fats depends upon the relative proportion of the three individual fats. During the life of an animal, the fat is mainly in a liquid state in the fat cells, owing to the solubility of the two solid fats in the more liquid olein at the body temperature. Chemically, fats are composed of fatty acid, as stearic, palmitic, oleic, etc., united with glyceryl. In butter fat, olein and palmitin predominate, mixed with another fat characteristic of butter, butyrin. In the vegetable kingdom many other fats or glycerides are to be found, as myristin from nutmegs, a glyceride of lauric acid in the fat of the bay tree, etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The best or richest productions; the best part; <as>as, to live on the <ex>fat</ex> of the land</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Typog.)</fld> <def>Work. containing much blank, or its equivalent, and, therefore, profitable to the compositor.</def>

<cs><col>Fat acid</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Sebacic acid</cref>, under <er>Sebacic</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fat series</col>, <col>Fatty series</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the series of the paraffine hydrocarbons and their derivatives; the marsh gas or methane series.</cd> -- <col>Natural fats</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the group of oily substances of natural occurrence, as butter, lard, tallow, etc., as distinguished from certain fatlike substance of artificial production, as paraffin. Most natural fats are essentially mixtures of triglycerides of fatty acids.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fat</h1>
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<hw>Fat</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fatted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>atting</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fatten</ets>, AS. <ets>f<?/ttian</ets>. See <er>Fat</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Fatten</er>.]</ety> <def>To make fat; to fatten; to make plump and fleshy with abundant food; <as>as, to <ex>fat</ex> fowls or sheep</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We <b>fat</b> all creatures else to <b>fat</b> us.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fat</h1>
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<hw>Fat</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow fat, plump, and fleshy.</def>

<blockquote>An old ox <b>fats</b> as well, and is as good, as a young one.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fatal</h1>
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<hw>Fa"tal</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fatalis</ets>, fr. <ets>fatum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fatal</ets>. See <er>Fate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Proceeding from, or appointed by, fate or destiny; necessary; inevitable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>These thing are <b>fatal</b> and necessary.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It was <b>fatal</b> to the king to fight for his money.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Foreboding death or great disaster.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>That <b>fatal</b> screech owl to our house
That nothing sung but death to us and ours.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Causing death or destruction; deadly; mortal; destructive; calamitous; <as>as, a <ex>fatal</ex> wound; a <ex>fatal</ex> disease; a <ex>fatal</ex> day; a <ex>fatal</ex> error.</as></def>

<h1>Fatalism</h1>
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<hw>Fa"tal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fatalisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine that all things are subject to fate, or that they take place by inevitable necessity.</def>

<h1>Fatalist</h1>
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<hw>Fa"tal*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fataliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who maintains that all things happen by inevitable necessity.</def>

<h1>Fatalistic</h1>
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<hw>Fa`tal*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Implying, or partaking of the nature of, fatalism.</def>

<h1>Fatality</h1>
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<hw>Fa*tal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>;<plu>pl. <plw>Fatalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>fatalitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fatalit\'82</ets>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being fatal, or proceeding from destiny; invincible necessity, superior to, and independent of, free and rational control.</def>

<blockquote>The Stoics held a <b>fatality</b>, and a fixed, unalterable course of events.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being fatal; tendency to destruction or danger, as if by decree of fate; mortaility.</def>

<blockquote>The year sixty-three is conceived to carry with it the most considerable <b>fatality</b>.
<i>Ser T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By a strange <b>fatality</b> men suffer their dissenting.
<i>Eikon Basilike.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is decreed by fate or which is fatal; a fatal event.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Fatally</h1>
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<hw>Fa"tal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a manner proceeding from, or determined by, fate.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a manner issuing in death or ruin; mortally; destructively; <as>as, <ex>fatally</ex> deceived or wounded</as>.</def>

<h1>Fatalness</h1>
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<hw>Fa"tal*ness</hw><def>, . Quality of being fatal.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Fata Morgana</h1>
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<hw>Fa"ta Mor*ga"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[It.; -- so called because this phenomenon was looked upon as the work of a fairy (It. <ets>fata</ets>) of the name of <ets>Morg\'a0na</ets>. See <er>Fairy</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of mirage by which distant objects appear inverted, distorted, displaced, or multiplied. It is noticed particularly at the Straits of Messina, between Calabria and Sicily.</def>

<h1>Fatback</h1>
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<hw>Fat"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The menhaden.</def>

<h1>Fat-brained</h1>
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<hw>Fat"-brained`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dull of apprehension.</def>

<h1>Fate</h1>
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<hw>Fate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fatum</ets> a prophetic declaration, oracle, what is ordained by the gods, destiny, fate, fr. <ets>fari</ets> to speak: cf. OF. <ets>fat</ets>. See <er>Fame</er>, <er>Fable</er>, <er>Ban</er>, and cf. 1st <er>Fay</er>, <er>Fairy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fixed decree by which the order of things is prescribed; the immutable law of the universe; inevitable necessity; the force by which all existence is determined and conditioned.</def>

<blockquote>Necessity and chance
Approach not me; and what I will is <b>fate</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Beyond and above the Olympian gods lay the silent, brooding, everlasting <b>fate</b> of which victim and tyrant were alike the instruments.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Appointed lot; allotted life; arranged or predetermined event; destiny; especially, the final lot; doom; ruin; death.</def>

<blockquote>The great, th'important day, big with the <b>fate</b>
Of Cato and of Rome.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our wills and <b>fates</b> do so contrary run
That our devices still are overthrown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The whizzing arrow sings,
<b>And bears thy fate</b>, Antinous, on its wings.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The element of chance in the affairs of life; the unforeseen and unestimated conitions considered as a force shaping events; fortune; esp., opposing circumstances against which it is useless to struggle; <as>as, <ex>fate</ex> was, or the <ex>fates</ex> were, against him</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A brave man struggling in the storms of <b>fate</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sometimes an hour of <b>Fate's</b> serenest weather strikes through our changeful sky its coming beams.
<i>B. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <ety>[L. <ets>Fata</ets>, pl. of <ets>fatum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>The three goddesses, Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos, sometimes called the <altname>Destinies</altname>, or <altname>Parc\'91</altname>who were supposed to determine the course of human life. They are represented, one as holding the distaff, a second as spinning, and the third as cutting off the thread.</def>

<note>&hand; Among all nations it has been common to speak of <i>fate</i> or destiny as a power superior to gods and men -- swaying all things irresistibly.  This may be called the <i>fate</i> of poets and mythologists.  Philosophical <i>fate</i> is the sum of the laws of the universe, the product of eternal intelligence and the blind properties of matter. Theological <i>fate</i> represents Deity as above the laws of nature, and ordaining all things according to his will -- the expression of that will being the law.

<i>Krauth-Fleming.</i>
</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Destiny; lot; doom; fortune; chance.</syn>

<h1>Fated</h1>
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<hw>Fat"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Decreed by fate; destined; doomed; <as>as, he was <ex>fated</ex> to rule a factious people</as>.</def>

<blockquote>One midnight
<b>Fated</b> to the purpose.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Invested with the power of determining destiny.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>fated</i> sky."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>Exempted by fate.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Fateful</h1>
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<hw>Fate"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. .</tt> <def>Having the power of serving or accomplishing fate.</def> "The <i>fateful</i> steel."

<i>J. Barlow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Significant of fate; ominous.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>fateful</b> cawings of the crow.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fate"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt>- <wf>Fate"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fathead</h1>
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<hw>Fat"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cyprinoid fish of the Mississippi valley (<spn>Pimephales promelas</spn>); -- called also <altname>black-headed minnow</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A labroid food fish of California; the redfish.</def>

<h1>Father</h1>
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<hw>Fa"ther</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fader</ets>, AS. <ets>f\'91der</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>fadar</ets>, D. <ets>vader</ets>, OHG. <ets>fatar</ets>, G. <ets>vater</ets>, Icel. <ets>Fa<?/ir</ets> Sw. & Dan. <ets>fader</ets>, OIr. <ets>athir</ets>, L. <ets>pater</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, Skr. <ets>pitr</ets>, perh. fr. Skr. <ets>p\'be</ets> protect. <?/<?/<?/,<?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Papa</er>, <er>Paternal</er>, <er>Patriot</er>, <er>Potential</er>, <er>Pablum</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who has begotten a child, whether son or daughter; a generator; a male parent.</def>

<blockquote>A wise son maketh a glad <b>father</b>.
<i>Prov. x. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>A male ancestor more remote than a parent; a progenitor; especially, a first ancestor; a founder of a race or family; -- in the plural, <i>fathers</i>, ancestors.</def>

<blockquote>David slept with his <b>fathers</b>.
<i>1 Kings ii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Abraham, who is the <b>father</b> of us all.
<i>Rom. iv. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>One who performs the offices of a parent by maintenance, affetionate care, counsel, or protection.</def>

<blockquote>I was a <b>father</b> to the poor.
<i>Job xxix. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He hath made me a <b>father</b> to Pharaoh, and lord of all his house.
<i>Gen. xiv. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A respectful mode of address to an old man.</def>

<blockquote>And Joash the king og Israel came down unto him [Elisha], . . . and said, O my <b>father</b>, my <b>father</b>!
<i>2 Kings xiii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A senator of ancient Rome.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A dignitary of the church, a superior of a convent, a confessor (called also <altname>father confessor</altname>), or a priest; also, the eldest member of a profession, or of a legislative assembly, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Bless you, good <b>father</b> friar !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>One of the chief esslesiastical authorities of the first centuries after Christ; -- often spoken of collectively as <i>the Fathers</i>; <as>as, the Latin, Greek, or apostolic <ex>Fathers</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>One who, or that which, gives origin; an originator; a producer, author, or contriver; the first to practice any art, profession, or occupation; a distinguished example or teacher.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>father</b> of all such as handle the harp and organ.
<i>Gen. iv. 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Might be the <b>father</b>, Harry, to that thought.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>father</b> of good news.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>The Supreme Being and Creator; God; in theology, the first person in the Trinity.</def>

<blockquote>Our <b>Father</b>, which art in heaven.
<i>Matt. vi. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now had the almighty <b>Father</b> from above . . .
Bent down his eye.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Adoptive father</col>, <cd>one who adopts the child of another, treating it as his own.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Apostolic father</col>, <col>Conscript fathers, etc.</col></mcol> <cd>See under <er>Apostolic</er>, <er>Conscript</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Father in God</col>, <cd>a title given to bishops.</cd> -- <col>Father of lies</col>, <cd>the Devil.</cd> -- <col>Father of the bar</col>, <cd>the oldest practitioner at the bar.</cd> -- <col>Fathers of the city</col>, <cd>the aldermen.</cd> -- <col>Father of the Faithful</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Abraham. <i>Rom. iv.</i> <i>Gal. iii. 6-9.</i></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Mohammed, or one of the sultans, his successors.</cd> -- <col>Father of the house</col>, <cd>the member of a legislative body who has had the longest continuous service.</cd> -- <col>Most Reverend Father in God</col>, <cd>a title given to archbishops and metropolitans, as to the archbishops of Canterbury and York.</cd> -- <col>Natural father</col>, <cd>the father of an illegitimate child.</cd> -- <col>Putative father</col>, <cd>one who is presumed to be the father of an illegitimate child; the supposed father.</cd> -- <col>Spiritual father</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A religious teacher or guide, esp. one instrumental in leading a soul to God.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <cd>A priest who hears confession in the sacrament of penance.</cd> -- <col>The Holy Father</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>the pope.</cd></cs>

<h1>Father</h1>
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<hw>Fa"ther</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fathered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fathering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make one's self the father of; to beget.</def>

<blockquote>Cowards <b>father</b> cowards, and base things sire base.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take as one's own child; to adopt; hence, to assume as one's own work; to acknowledge one's self author of or responsible for (a statement, policy, etc.).</def>

<blockquote>Men of wit
Often <b>fathered</b> what he writ.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To provide with a father.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Think you I am no stronger than my sex,
Being so <b>fathered</b> and so husbanded ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To father on</col> &or; <col>upon</col></mcol>, <cd>to ascribe to, or charge upon, as one's offspring or work; to put or lay upon as being responsible.</cd> "Nothing can be so uncouth or extravagant, which may not be <i>fathered on<i> some fetch of wit, or some caprice of humor." <i>Barrow</i>.</cs>

<hr>
<page="546">
Page 546<p>

<h1>Fatherhood</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fa"ther*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a father; the character or authority of a father; paternity.</def>

<h1>Father-in-law</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fa"ther-in-law`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fathers-in-law</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The father of one's husband or wife; -- correlative to <i>son-in-law</i> and <i>daughter-in-law</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; A man who marries a woman having children already, is sometimes, though erroneously, called their <i>father-in-law</i>.</note>

<h1>Fatherland</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fa"ther*land"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Imitated fr. D. <ets>vaderland</ets>. See <er>Father</er>, and <er>Land</er>.]</ety> <def>One's native land; the native land of one's fathers or ancestors.</def>

<h1>Father-lasher</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fa"ther-lash`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European marine fish (<spn>Cottus bubalis</spn>), allied to the sculpin; -- called also <altname>lucky proach</altname>.</def>

<h1>Fatherless</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fa"ther*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of a living father; <as>as, a <ex>fatherless</ex> child</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without a known author.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Fatherlessness</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fa"ther*less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being without a father.</def>

<h1>Fatherliness</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fa"ther*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fatherly</er>.]</ety> <def>The qualities of a father; parantal kindness, care, etc.</def>

<h1>Father longlegs</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fa"ther long"legs`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Daddy longlegs</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Fatherly</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fa"ther*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Like a father in affection and care; paternal; tender; protecting; careful.</def>

<blockquote>You have showed a tender, <b>fatherly</b> regard.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a father.</def>

<h1>Fathership</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fa"ther*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a father; fatherhood; paternity.</def>

<h1>Fathom</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fath"om</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<???/OE. <ets>fadme</ets>, <ets>fa&edh;me</ets>, AS. <ets>f\'91&edh;m</ets> fathom, the embracing arms; akin to OS. <ets>fa&edh;mos</ets> the outstretched arms, D. <ets>vadem</ets>, <ets>vaam</ets>, fathom, OHG. <ets>fadom</ets>, <ets>fadum</ets>, G. <ets>faden</ets> fathom, thread, Icel. <ets>fa&edh;mr</ets> fathom, Sw. <ets>famn</ets>, Dan. <ets>favn</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to spread out, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ outspread, flat, L. <ets>patere</ets> to lie open, extend. Cf. <er>Patent</er>, <er>Petal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A measure of length, containing six feet; the space to which a man can extend his arms; -- used chiefly in measuring cables, cordage, and the depth of navigable water by soundings.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The measure or extant of one's capacity; depth, as of intellect; profundity; reach; penetration.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Another of his <b>fathom</b> they have none
To lead their business.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fathom</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fath"om</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fathomed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fathoming</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To encompass with the arms extended or encircling; to measure by throwing the arms about; to span.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Purchas.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The measure by a sounding line; especially, to sound the depth of; to penetrate, measure, and comprehend; to get to the bottom of.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>The page of life that was spread out before me seemed dull and commonplace, only because I had not <b>fathomed</b> its deeper import.
<i>Hawthotne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fathomable</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fath"om*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being fathomed.</def>

<h1>Fathomer</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fath"om*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fathoms.</def>

<h1>Fathomless</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fath"om*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Incapable of being fathomed; immeasurable; that can not be sounded.</def>

<blockquote>And buckle in a waist most <b>fathomless</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Incomprehensible.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>fathomless</b> absurdity.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fatidical</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fa*tid"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fatidicus</ets>; <ets>fatum</ets> fate + <ets>dicere</ets> to say, tell.]</ety> <def>Having power to foretell future events; prophetic; fatiloquent; <as>as, the <ex>fatidical</ex> oak</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Howell</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Fa*tid"i*cal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fatiferous</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fa*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fatifer</ets>; <ets>fatum</ets> fate + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear, bring.]</ety> <def>Fate-bringing; deadly; mortal; destructive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Fatigable</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fat"i*ga*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fatigabilis</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>fatigable</ets>. See <er>Fatigue</er>.]</ety> <def>Easily tired.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Fatigate</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fat"i*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fatigatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>fatigare</ets>. See <ets>Fatigue</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wearied; tired; fatigued.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Requickened what in flesh was <b>fatigate</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fatigate</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fat"i*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To weary; to tire; to fatigue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Fatigation</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fat`i*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fatigatio</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>fatigation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Weariness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Montaqu.</i>

<h1>Fatigue</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fa*tigue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>fatiguer</ets> to fatigue, L. <ets>fatigare</ets>; cf. L. <ets>affatim</ets> sufficiently.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Weariness from bodily labor or mental exertion; lassitude or exhaustion of strength.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The cause of weariness; labor; toil; <as>as, the <ex>fatigues</ex> of war</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The weakening of a metal when subjected to repeated vibrations or strains.</def>

<cs><col>Fatigue call</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a summons, by bugle or drum, to perform fatigue duties.</cd> -- <col>Fatigue dress</col>, <cd>the working dress of soldiers.</cd> -- <col>Fatigue duty</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>labor exacted from soldiers aside from the use of arms. <i>Farrow</i>.</cd> -- <col>Fatigue party</col>, <cd>a party of soldiers on fatigue duty.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fatigue</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fa*tigue"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fatigued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fatiguing</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fatiguer</ets>. See <er>Fatigue</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To weary with labor or any bodily or mental exertion; to harass with toil; to exhaust the strength or endurance of; to tire.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To jade; tire; weary; bore. See <er>Jade</er>.</syn>

<h1>Fatiloquent</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fa*til"o*quent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fatiloquist</er>.]</ety> <def>Prophetic; fatidical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Fatiloquist</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fa*til"o*quist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fatiloquus</ets> declaring fate; <ets>fatum</ets> fate+ <ets>Loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>A fortune teller.</def>

<h1>Fatimite, Fatimide</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw><hw>Fat"i*mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fat"i*mide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Hist.)</fld> <def>Descended from Fatima, the daughter and only child of Mohammed.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A descendant of Fatima.</def></def2>

<h1>Fatiscence</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fa*tis"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fatiscense</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>fatiscere</ets> to gape or crack open.]</ety> <def>A gaping or opening; state of being chinky, or having apertures.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<h1>Fat-kidneyed</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fat"-kid`neyed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Gross; lubberly.</def>

<blockquote>Peace, ye <b>fat-kidneyed</b> rascal !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fatling</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fat"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fat</ets> + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <def>A calf, lamb, kid, or other young animal fattened for slaughter; a fat animal; -- said of such animals as are used for food.</def>

<blockquote>He sacrificed oxen and <b>fatlings</b>.
<i>2 Sam. vi. 13.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fatly</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fat"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Grossly; greasily.</def>

<h1>Fatner</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fat"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fattens. <mark>[R.]</mark> See <er>Fattener</er>.</def>

<i>Arbuthnit.</i>

<h1>Fatness</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fat"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being fat, plump, or full-fed; corpulency; fullness of flesh.</def>

<blockquote>Their eyes stand out with <b>fatness</b>.
<i>Ps. lxxiii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence; Richness; fertility; fruitfulness.</def>

<blockquote>Rich in the <b>fatness</b> of her plenteous soil.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which makes fat or fertile.</def>

<blockquote>The clouds drop <b>fatness</b>.
<i>Philips.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fatten</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fat"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fattened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fattining</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Fat</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make fat; to feed for slaughter; to make fleshy or plump with fat; to fill full; to fat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make fertile and fruitful; to enrich; <as>as, to <ex>fatten</ex> land; to <ex>fatten</ex> fields with blood.</as></def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Fatten</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fat"ten</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow fat or corpulent; to grow plump, thick, or fleshy; to be pampered.</def>

<blockquote>And villains <b>fatten</b> with the brave man's labor.
<i>Otway.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fattener</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fat"ten*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>One who, or that which, fattens; that which gives fatness or fertility.</def>

<h1>Fattiness</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fat"ti*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>State or quality of being fatty.</def>

<h1>Fattish</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fat"tish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat fat; inclined to fatness.</def>

<blockquote>Coleridge, a puffy, anxious, obstructed-looking, <b>fattish</b> old man.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fatty</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fat"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing fat, or having the qualities of fat; greasy; gross; <as>as, a <ex>fatty</ex> substance</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Fatty acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>any one of the paraffin series of monocarbonic acids, as formic acid, acetic, etc.; -- so called because the higher members, as stearic and palmitic acids, occur in the natural fats, and are themselves fatlike substances.</cd> -- <col>Fatty clays</col>. <cd>See under <er>Clay</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fatty degeneration</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a diseased condition, in which the oil globules, naturally present in certain organs, are so multiplied as gradually to destroy and replace the efficient parts of these organs.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fatty heart</col>, <col>Fatty liver</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. <fld>(Med.)</fld>, a heart, liver, etc., which have been the subjects of fatty degeneration or infiltration.</cd> -- <col>Fatty infiltration</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a condition in which there is an excessive accumulation of fat in an organ, without destruction of any essential parts of the latter.</cd> -- <col>Fatty tumor</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a tumor consisting of fatty or adipose tissue; lipoma.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fatuitous</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fa*tu"i*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Stupid; fatuous.</def>

<h1>Fatuity</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fa*tu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fatuitas</ets>, fr. <ets>fatuus</ets> foolish: cf. F. <ets>fatuit\'82</ets> Cf. <er>Fatuous</er>.]</ety> <def>Weakness or imbecility of mind; stupidity.</def>

<blockquote>Those many forms of popular <b>fatuity</b>.
<i>I Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fatuous</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fat"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fatuus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Feeble in mind; weak; silly; stupid; foolish; fatuitous.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without reality; illusory, like the <i>ignis fatuus</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Thence <b>fatuous</b> fires and meteors take their birth.
<i>Danham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fat-wited</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fat"-wit`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dull; stupid.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Faubourg</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fau`bourg"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A suburb of French city; also, a district now within a city, but formerly without its walls.</def>

<h1>Faucal</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fau"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fauces</ets> throat.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the fauces, or opening of the throat; faucial; esp., <fld>(Phon.)</fld> produced in the fauces, as certain deep guttural sounds found in the Semitic and some other languages.</def>

<blockquote>Ayin is the most difficult of the <b>faucals</b>.
<i>I. Taylor (The Alphabet).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fauces</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fau"ces</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The narrow passage from the mouth to the pharynx, situated between the soft palate and the base of the tongue; -- called also the <altname>isthmus of the fauces</altname>.  On either side of the passage two membranous folds, called the <i>pillars of the fauces</i>, inclose the tonsils.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The throat of a calyx, corolla, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That portion of the interior of a spiral shell which can be seen by looking into the aperture.</def>

<h1>Faucet</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fau"cet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fausset</ets>, perh. fr. L. <ets>fauces</ets> throat.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fixture for drawing a liquid, as water, molasses, oil, etc., from a pipe, cask, or other vessel, in such quantities as may be desired; -- called also <altname>tap</altname>, and <altname>cock</altname>. It consists of a tubular spout, stopped with a movable plug, spigot, valve, or slide.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The enlarged end of a section of pipe which receives the spigot end of the next section.</def>

<h1>Fauchion</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fau"chion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Falchion</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Faucial</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fau"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the fauces; pharyngeal.</def>

<h1>Faugh</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Faugh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Foh</er>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation of contempt, disgust, or abhorrence.</def>

<h1>Faulchion</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Faul"chion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Falchion</er>.</def>

<h1>Faulcon</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Faul"con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Falcon</er>.</def>

<h1>Fauld</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fauld</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The arch over the dam of a blast furnace; the tymp arch.</def>

<h1>Faule</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Faule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fall or falling band.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>These laces, ribbons, and these <b>faules</b>.
<i>Herrick.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fault</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fault</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>faut</ets>, <ets>faute</ets>, F. <ets>faute</ets> (cf. It., Sp., & Pg. <ets>falta</ets>), fr. a verb meaning <ets>to want</ets>, <ets>fail</ets>, freq., fr. L. <ets>fallere</ets> to deceive. See <er>Fail</er>, and cf. <er>Default</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Defect; want; lack; default.</def>

<blockquote>One, it pleases me, for <b>fault</b> of a better, to call my friend.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything that fails, that is wanting, or that impairs excellence; a failing; a defect; a blemish.</def>

<blockquote>As patches set upon a little breach
Discredit more in hiding of the <b>fault</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A moral failing; a defect or dereliction from duty; a deviation from propriety; an offense less serious than a crime.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Geol. & Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A dislocation of the strata of the vein.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In coal seams, coal rendered worthless by impurities in the seam; <as>as, slate <ex>fault</ex>, dirt <ex>fault</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Hunting)</fld> <def>A lost scent; act of losing the scent.</def>

<blockquote>Ceasing their clamorous cry till they have singled,
With much ado, the cold <b>fault</b> cleary out.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Tennis)</fld> <def>Failure to serve the ball into the proper court.</def>

<cs><col>At fault</col>, <cd>unable to find the scent and continue chase; hance, in trouble ot embarrassment, and unable to proceed; puzzled; thhrown off the track.</cd> -- <col>To find fault</col>, <cd>to find reason for blaming or complaining; to express dissatisfaction; to complain; -- followed by <i>with<i> before the thing complained of; but formerly by <i>at<i>. "Matter <i>to find fault at<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i>

<syn>Syn. -- -- Error; blemish; defect; imperfection; weakness; blunder; failing; vice.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Fault</er>, <er>Failing</er>, <er>Defect</er>, <er>Foible</er>. A <i>fault</i> is positive, something morally wrong; a <i>failing</i> is negative, some weakness or failling short in a man's character, disposition, or habits; a <i>defect</i> is also negative, and as applied to character is the absence of anyything which is necessary to its completeness or perfection; a <i>foible</i> is a less important weakness, which we overlook or smile at. A man may have many <i>failings</i>, and yet commit but few <i>faults</i>; or his <i>faults</i> and <i>failings</i> may be few, while his <i>foibles</i> are obvious to all. The <i>faults</i> of a friend are often palliated or explained away into mere <i>defects</i>, and the <i>defects</i> or <i>foibles</i> of an enemy exaggerated into <i>faults</i>. "I have <i>failings</i> in common with every human being, besides my own peculiar <i>faults</i>; but of avarice I have generally held myself guiltless." <i>Fox</i>. "Presumption and self-applause are the <i>foibles</i> of mankind." <i>Waterland</i>.</usage>

<h1>Fault</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fault</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Faulted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Faulting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To charge with a fault; to accuse; to find fault with; to blame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For that I will not <b>fault</b> thee.
<i>Old Song.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>To interrupt the continuity of (rock strata) by displacement along a plane of fracture; -- chiefly used in the p.p.; <as>as, the coal beds are badly <ex>faulted</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Fault</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fault</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To err; to blunder, to commit a fault; to do wrong.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If after Samuel's death the people had asked of God a king, they had not <b>faulted</b>.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Faulter</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fault"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who commits a fault.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Behold the <b>faulter</b> here in sight.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fault-finder</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fault"-find`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes a practice off discovering others' faults and censuring them; a scold.</def>

<h1>Fault-finding</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fault"-find`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of finding fault or blaming; -- used derogatively. Also <i>Adj</i>.</def>

<h1>Faultful</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fault"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of faults or sins.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Faultily</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fault"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a faulty manner.</def>

<h1>Faultiness</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fault"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality or state of being faulty.</def>

<blockquote>Round, even to <b>faultiness</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Faulting</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fault"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The state or condition of being faulted; the process by which a fault is produced.</def>

<h1>Faultless</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fault"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without fault; not defective or imperfect; free from blemish; free from incorrectness, vice, or offense; perfect; <as>as, a <ex>faultless</ex> poem</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whoever thinks a <i>faultless</i> piece to see,
Thinks what ne'er was, nor is, nor e'er shall be.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Blameless; spotless; perfect. See <er>Blameless</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fault"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt>-<wf>Fault"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Faulty</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fault"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Containing faults, blemishes, or defects; imperfect; not fit for the use intended.</def>

<blockquote>Created once
So goodly and erect, though <b>faulty</b> since.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Guilty of a fault, or of faults; hence, blamable; worthy of censure.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The king doth speak . . . as one which is <b>faulty</b>.
<i>2 Sam. xiv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Faun</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Faun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Faunus</ets>, fr. <ets>favere</ets> to be favorable. See <er>Favor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>A god of fields and shipherds, diddering little from the satyr. The fauns are usually represented as half goat and half man.</def>

<blockquote>Satyr or <b>Faun</b>, or Sylvan.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fauna</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fau"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.: cf. F. <ets>faune</ets>. See <er>Faun</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The animals of any given area or epoch; <as>as, the <ex>fauna</ex> of America; fossil <ex>fauna</ex>; recent <ex>fauna</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Faunal</h1>
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<hw>Fau"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to fauna.</def>

<h1>Faunist</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fau"nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who describes the fauna of country; a naturalist.</def>

<i>Gilbert White.</i>

<h1>Faunus</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fau"nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>;<plu>pl. <plw>Fauni</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>See <er>Faun</er>.</def>

<h1>Fausen</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fau"sen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>llysowen</ets> eel, <ets>ll</ets> sounding in Welsh almost like <ets>fl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young eel.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Fausse-braye</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fausse`-braye"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fausse-braie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A second raampart, exterior to, and parallel to, the main rampart, and considerably below its level.</def>

<h1>Fauteuil</h1>
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<hw>Fau`teuil"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Faldistory</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An armchair; hence (because the members sit in fauteuils or armchairs), membership in the French Academy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Chair of a presiding officer.</def>

<h1>Fautor</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fau"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., contr. fr. <ets>favitor</ets>, fr. <ets>favere</ets> to be favorable: cf. F. <ets>fauteur</ets>. See <er>Favor</er>.]</ety> <def>A favorer; a patron; one who gives countenance or support; an abettor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The king and the <b>fautors</b> of his proceedings.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fautress</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fau"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fauutrix</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fautrice</ets>.]</ety> <def>A patroness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Fauvette</h1>
<Xpage=546>

<hw>Fau`vette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. fr. <ets>fauve</ets> fawn-colored.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small singing bird, as the nightingale and warblers.</def>

<hr>
<page="547">
Page 547<p>

<h1>Faux</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Faux</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fauces</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See <er>Fauces</er>.</def>

<-- no pos in original = n. -->
<h1>faux pas</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>faux` pas"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. See <er>False</er>, and <er>Pas</er>.]</ety> <def>A false step; a mistake or wrong measure.</def>

<h1>Favaginous</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fa*vag"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>favus</ets> a honeycomb.]</ety> <def>Formed like, or resembling, a honeycomb.</def>

<h1>Favas</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fa"vas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Favus</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Favel</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fa"vel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>fauvel</ets>, <ets>favel</ets>, dim. of F. <ets>fauve</ets>; of German oigin. See <er>Fallow</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Yellow; fal<?/ow; dun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Favel</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fa"vel</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A horse of a favel or dun color.</def>

<cs><col>To curry favel</col>. <cd>See <cref>To curry favor</cref>, under <er>Favor</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Favel</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fa"vel</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>favele</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fabella</ets> short fable, dim. of <ets>fabula</ets>. See <er>Fable</er>.]</ety> <def>Flattery; cajolery; deceit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skeat.</i>

<h1>Favella</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fa*vel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., prob. from L. <ets>favus</ets> a honeycomb.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A group of spores arranged without order and covered with a thin gelatinous envelope, as in certain delicate red alg\'91.</def>

<h1>Faveolate</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fa*ve"o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>favus</ets> honeycomb.]</ety> <def>Honeycomb; having cavities or cells, somewhat resembling those of a honeycomb; alveolate; favose.</def>

<h1>Favillous</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fa*vil"lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>favilla</ets> sparkling or glowing asges.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to ashes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Light and <b>favollous</b> particles.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Favonian</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fa*vo"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Favonius</ets> the west wind.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the west wind; soft; mild; gentle.</def>

<h1>Favor</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fa"vor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>favour</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[OF. <ets>favor</ets>, F. <ets>faveur</ets>, L. <ets>favor</ets>, fr. <ets>favere</ets> to be favorable, cf. Skr. <ets>bh\'bevaya</ets> to further, foster, causative of bh<?/ to become, be. Cf. <er>Be</er>. In the phrase <ets>to curry favor</ets>, <ets>favor</ets> is prob. for <ets>favel</ets> a horse. See 2d <er>Favel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Kind regard; propitious aspect; countenance; friendly disposition; kindness; good will.</def>

<blockquote>Hath crawled into the <b>favor</b> of the king.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of countenancing, or the condition of being countenanced, or regarded propitiously; support; promotion; befriending.</def>

<blockquote>But found no <b>favor</b> in his lady's eyes.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in <b>favor</b> with God and man.
<i>Luke ii. 52.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind act or office; kindness done or granted; benevolence shown by word or deed; an act of grace or good will, as distinct from justice or remuneration.</def>

<blockquote>Beg one <b>favor</b> at thy gracious hand.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Mildness or mitigation of punishment; lenity.</def>

<blockquote>I could not discover the lenity and <b>fabor</b> of this sentence.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The object of regard; person or thing favored.</def>

<blockquote>All these his wondrous works, but chiefly man,
His chief delight and <b>favor</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A gift or represent; something bestowed as an evidence of good will; a token of love; a knot of ribbons; something worn as a token of affection; <as>as, a marriage <ex>favor</ex> is a bunch or knot of white ribbons or white flowers worn at a wedding</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Wear thou this <b>favor</b> for me, and stick it in thy cap.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Appearance; look; countenance; face.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This boy is fair, of female <b>favor</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Partiality; bias.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A letter or epistle; -- so called in civility or compliment; <as>as, your <ex>favor</ex> of yesterday is received</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Love locks.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Challenge</col> <col>to the favor &or; for favor</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the challenge of a juror on grounds not sufficient to constitute a principal challenge, but sufficient to give rise to a probable suspicion of favor or bias, such as acquaintance, business relation, etc. See <cref>Principal challenge</cref>, under <er>Challenge</er>.</cd> -- <col>In favor of</col>, <cd>upon the side of; favorable to; for the advantage of.</cd> -- <col>In favor with</col>, <cd>favored, countenanced, or encouraged by.</cd> -- <col>To curry favor</col> <ety>[see the etymology of <er>Favor</er>, above]</ety>, <cd>to seek to gain favor by flattery, caresses, kindness, or officious civilities.</cd> -- <mcol><col>With one's favor</col>, &or; <col>By one's favor</col></mcol>, <cd>with leave; by kind permission.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>But, <b>with your favor</b>, I will treat it here.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Kindness; countenance; patronage; support; lenity; grace; gift; present; benefit.</syn>

<h1>Favor</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fa"vor</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Favored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Favoring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Written also <ets>favour</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>favorer</ets>, <ets>favorir</ets>. See <er>Favor</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To regard with kindness; to support; to aid, or to have the disposition to aid, or to wish success to; to be propitious to; to countenance; to treat with consideration or tenderness; to show partiality or unfair bias towards.</def>

<blockquote>O happy youth! and <b>favored</b> of the skies.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He that <b>favoreth</b> Joab, . . . let him go after Joab.
<i>2 Sam. xx. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[The painter] has <b>favored</b> her squint admirably.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To afford advantages for success to; to facilitate; <as>as, a weak place <ex>favored</ex> the entrance of the enemy</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To resemble in features; to have the aspect or looks of; <as>as, the child <ex>favors</ex> his father</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The porter owned that the gentleman <b>favored</b> his master.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Favorable</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fa"vor*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>favourable</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[F. <ets>favorable</ets>, L. <ets>favorabilis</ets> favored, popular, pleasing, fr. <ets>favor</ets>. See <er>Favor</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of favor; favoring; manifesting partiality; kind; propitious; friendly.</def>

<blockquote>Lend <b>favorable</b> ears to our request.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lord, thou hast been <b>favorable</b> unto thy land.
<i>Ps. lxxxv. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conducive; contributing; tending to promote or facilitate; advantageous; convenient.</def>

<blockquote>A place very <b>favorable</b> for the making levies of men.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The temper of the climate, <b>favorable</b> to generation, health, and long life.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Beautiful; well-favored.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fa"vora*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Fa"vor*a*bly</wf>, <tt>sdv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>The <b>faborableness</b> of the present times to all extertions in the cause of liberty.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Favored</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fa"vored</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Countenanced; aided; regarded with kidness; <as>as, a <ex>favored</ex> friend</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a certain favor or appearance; featured; <as>as, well-<ex>favored</ex>; hard-<ex>favored</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Favoredly</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fa"vored*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a favored or a favorable manner; favorably.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Deut. xvii. 1. Arscham.</i>

<h1>Favoredness</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fa"vored*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Appearance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Favorer</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fa"vor*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who favors; one who regards with kindness or friendship; a well-wisher; one who assists or promotes success or prosperity.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>favourer</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>And come to us as <b>favorers</b>, not as foes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Favoress</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fa"vor*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who favors or gives countenance.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>fovouress</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Favoring</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fa"vor*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That favors.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fa"vor*ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Favorite</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fa"vor*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>favorit</ets> favored, F. <ets>favori</ets>, fem. <ets>favorite</ets>, p.p. of OF. <ets>favorir</ets>, cf. It. <ets>favorito</ets>, frm. <ets>favorita</ets>, fr. <ets>favorire</ets> to favor. See <er>Favor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person or thing regarded with peculiar favor; one treated with partiality; one preferred above others; especially, one unduly loved, trusted, and enriched with favors by a person of high rank or authority.</def>

<blockquote>Committing to a wicked <b>favorite</b>
All public cares.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Short curls dangling over the temples; -- fashionable in the reign of Charles II.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Farquhar.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Sporting)</fld> <def>The competitor (as a horse in a race) that is judged most likely to win; the competitor standing highest in the betting.</def>

<h1>Favorite</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fa"vor*ite</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Regarded with particular affection, esteem, or preference; <as>as, a <ex>favorite</ex> walk; a <ex>favorite</ex> child.</as></def> "His <i>favorite</i> argument."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Favoritism</h1>
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<hw>Fa"vor*it*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>favoritisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The disposition to favor and promote the interest of one person or family, or of one class of men, to the neglect of others having equal claims; partiality.</def>

<blockquote>A spirit of <b>favoritism</b> to the Bank of the United States.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Favorless</h1>
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<hw>Fa"vor*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Unfavored; not regarded with favor; having no countenance or support.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unpropitious; unfavorable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Fortune <i>favorless</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Favose</h1>
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<hw>Fa*vose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>favus</ets> honeycomb.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Honeycombed. See <er>Faveolate</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the disease called favus.</def>

<h1>Favosite</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fav"o*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the genus Favosites.</def>

<h1>Favosites</h1>
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<hw>Fav`o*si"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Favose</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of fossil corals abundant in the Silurian and Devonian rocks, having polygonal cells with perforated walls.</def>

<h1>Favus</h1>
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<hw>Fa"vus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., honeycomb.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease of the scalp, produced by a vegetable parasite.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tile or flagstone cut into an hexagonal shape to produce a honeycomb pattern, as in a pavement; -- called also <altname>favas</altname> and <altname>sectila</altname>.</def>

<i>Mollett.</i>

<h1>Fawe</h1>
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<hw>Fawe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fain</er>.]</ety> <def>Fain; glad; delighted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fawkner</h1>
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<hw>Fawk"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Falconer</er>.]</ety> <def>A falconer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Fawn</h1>
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<hw>Fawn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>faon</ets> the young one of any beast, a fawn, F. <ets>faon</ets> a fawn, for <ets>fedon</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fetus</ets>. See <er>Fetus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young deer; a buck or doe of the first year. See <er>Buck</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The young of an animal; a whelp.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>[The tigress] . . . followeth . . . after her <i>fawns</i>.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A fawn color.</def>

<h1>Fawn</h1>
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<hw>Fawn</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the color of a fawn; fawn-colored.</def>

<h1>Fawn</h1>
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<hw>Fawn</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>faonner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To bring forth a fawn.</def>

<h1>Fawn</h1>
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<hw>Fawn</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fawned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fawning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fawnen</ets>, <ets>fainen</ets>, <ets>fagnien</ets>, to rejoice, welcome, flatter, AS. <ets>f\'91gnian</ets> to rejoice; akin to Icel. <ets>fagna</ets> to rejoice, welcome. See <er>Fain</er>.]</ety> <def>To court favor by low cringing, frisking, etc., as a dog; to flatter meanly; -- often followed by <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<blockquote>You showed your teeth like apes, and <b>fawned</b> like hounds.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou with trembling fear,
Or like a <b>fawning</b> parasite, obeyest.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Courtiers who <b>fawn</b> on a master while they betray him.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fawn</h1>
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<hw>Fawn</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A servile cringe or bow; mean flattery; sycophancy.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fawn-colored</h1>
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<hw>Fawn"-col`ored</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the color of a fawn; light yellowish brown.</def>

<h1>Fawner</h1>
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<hw>Fawn"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fawns; a sycophant.</def>

<h1>Fawningly</h1>
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<hw>Fawn"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fawning manner.</def>

<h1>Faxed</h1>
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<hw>Faxed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>feaxede</ets> haired, fr. <ets>feax</ets> hair. Cf. <er>Paxwax</er>.]</ety> <def>Hairy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>amden.</i>

<h1>Fay</h1>
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<hw>Fay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>f\'82e</ets>. See <er>Fate</er>, and cf. <er>Fairy</er>.]</ety> <def>A fairy; an elf.</def> "Yellow-skirted <i>fays</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Fay</h1>
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<hw>Fay</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>fei</ets>, F. <ets>foi</ets>. See <er>Faith</er>.]</ety> <def>Faith; <as>as, by my <ex>fay</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fay</h1>
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<hw>Fay</hw> <tt>(f\'be)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>fayed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Faying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>feien</ets>, v.t. & i., AS. <ets>f\'c7gan</ets> to join, unite; akin to OS. <ets>f\'d3gian</ets>, D. <ets>voegen</ets>, OHG. <ets>fuogen</ets>, G. <ets>f\'81gen</ets>, Sw. <ets>foga</ets>. See <er>Fair</er>, and cf. <er>Fadge</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>To fit; to join; to unite closely, as two pieces of wood, so as to make the surface fit together.</def>

<h1>Fay</h1>
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<hw>Fay</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>To lie close together; to fit; to fadge; -- often with <i>in</i>, <i>into</i>, <i>with</i>, or <i>together</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Faying surface</col>, <cd>that surface of an object which comes with another object to which it is fastened; -- said of plates, angle irons, etc., that are riveted together in shipwork.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fayalite</h1>
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<hw>Fay"al*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from the island <ets>Fayal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A black, greenish, or brownish mineral of the chrysolite group. It is a silicate of iron.</def>

<h1>Fayence</h1>
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<hw>Fa`y*ence"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Fa<?/ence</er>.</def>

<h1>Faytour</h1>
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<hw>Fay"tour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Faitour</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Faze</h1>
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<hw>Faze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Feeze</er>.</def>

<h1>Fazzolet</h1>
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<hw>Faz"zo*let`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>fazzoletto</ets>.]</ety> <def>A handkerchief.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>percival.</i>

<h1>Feaberry</h1>
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<hw>Fea"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E. <ets>feabe</ets>, <ets>theabe</ets>, <ets>thape</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A gooseberry.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Feague</h1>
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<hw>Feague</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>fegen</ets> to sweep, Icel. <ets>f\'91gia</ets> to cleanse, polish, E. <ets>fair</ets>, <ets>fay</ets>, to fit, <ets>fey</ets> to cleanse.]</ety> <def>To beat or whip; to drive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Otway.</i>

<h1>Feal</h1>
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<hw>Fe"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>feal</ets>, <ets>feel</ets>, <ets>feeil</ets>, <ets>fedeil</ets>, F. <ets>fid\'8ale</ets>, L. <ets>fidelis</ets> faithful, fr. <ets>fides</ets> faith. See <er>Faith</er>.]</ety> <def>Faithful; loyal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Fealty</h1>
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<hw>Fe"al*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>faute</ets>, OF. <ets>faut\'82</ets>, <ets>fealt\'82</ets>, <ets>feel\'82</ets>, <ets>feelteit</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fidelitas</ets>, fr. <ets>fidelis</ets> faithful. See <er>Feal</er>, and cf. <ets>Fidelity</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fidelity to one's lord; the feudal obligation by which the tenant or vassal was bound to be faithful to his lord; the special oath by which this obligation was assumed; fidelity to a superior power, or to a government; loyality. It is no longer the practice to exact the performance of fealty, as a feudal obligation.</def>

<i>Wharton (Law Dict. ). Tomlins.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fidelity; constancy; faithfulness, as of a friend to a friend, or of a wife to her husband.</def>

<blockquote>He should maintain <b>fealty</b> to God.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Makes wicked lightnings of her eyes, and saps
The <b>fealty</b> of our friends.
<i>tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Swore <b>fealty</b> to the new government.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Fealty</i> is distinguished from <i>homage</i>, which is an acknowledgment of tenure, while <i>fealty</i> implies an oath. See <er>Homage</er>.</note>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Homage; loyality; fidelity; constancy.</syn>

<h1>Fear</h1>
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<hw>Fear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A variant of <er>Fere</er>, a mate, a companion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Fear</h1>
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<hw>Fear</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fer</ets>, <ets>feer</ets>, <ets>fere</ets>, AS. <ets>f<?/r</ets> a coming suddenly upon, fear, danger; akin to D. <ets>vaar</ets>, OHG. <ets>f\'bera</ets> danger, G. <ets>gefahr</ets>, Icel. <ets>f\'ber</ets> harm, mischief, plague, and to E. <ets>fare</ets>, <ets>peril</ets>. See <er>Fare</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A painful emotion or passion excited by the expectation of evil, or the apprehension of impending danger; apprehension; anxiety; solicitude; alarm; dread.</def>

<note>&hand; The degrees of this passion, beginning with the most moderate, may be thus expressed, -- <i>apprehension</i>, <i>fear</i>, <i>dread</i>, <i>fright</i>, <i>terror</i>.</note>

<blockquote><b>Fear</b> is an uneasiness of the mind, upon the thought of future evil likely to befall us.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where no hope is left, is left no <b>fear</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Apprehension of incurring, or solicitude to avoid, God's wrath; the trembling and awful reverence felt toward the Supreme Belng.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Respectful reverence for men of authority or worth.</def>

<blockquote>I will put my <b>fear</b> in their hearts.
<i>Jer. xxxii. 40.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will teach you the <b>fear</b> of the Lord.
<i>Ps. xxxiv. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>render therefore to all their dues; tribute to whom tribute is due . . . <b>fear</b> to whom <b>fear</b>.
<i>Rom. xiii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which causes, or which is the object of, apprehension or alarm; source or occasion of terror; danger; dreadfulness.</def>

<blockquote>There were they in great fear, where no <b>fear</b> was.
<i>Ps. liii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>fear</b> of your adventure would counsel you to a more equal enterprise.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>For fear</col>, <cd>in apprehension lest. "For <i>fear<i> you ne'er see chain nor money more."</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fear</h1>
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<hw>Fear</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Feared</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>feren</ets>, <ets>faeren</ets>, to frighten, to be afraid, AS. <ets>f</ets><?/ran to terrify. See <er>Fear</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To feel a painful apprehension of; to be afraid of; to consider or expect with emotion of alarm or solicitude.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>fear</b> no evil, for thou art with me.
<i>Ps. xxiii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<note>With subordinate clause.</note>

<blockquote>I greatly <b>fear</b> my money is not safe.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I almost <b>fear</b> to quit your hand.
<i>D. Jerrold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have a reverential awe of; to solicitous to avoid the displeasure of.</def>

<blockquote>Leave them to God above; him serve and <b>fear</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be anxious or solicitous for.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The sins of the father are to be laid upon the children, therefore . . . I <b>fear</b> you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To suspect; to doubt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ay what else, <b>fear</b> you not her courage?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To affright; to terrify; to drive away or prevent approach of by fear. z2</def>

<blockquote><b>fera</b> their people from doing evil.
<i>Robynsin (More's utopia).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Tush, tush! <b>fear</b> boys with bugs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To apprehend; drad; reverence; venerate.</syn>

<h1>Fear</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fear</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be in apprehension of evil; to be afraid; to feel anxiety on account of some expected evil.</def>

<blockquote>I exceedingly <b>fear</b> and quake.
<i>Heb. xii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fearer</h1>
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<hw>Fear"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fars.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Fearful</h1>
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<hw>Fear"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of fera, apprehension, or alarm; afraid; frightened.</def>

<blockquote>Anxious amidst all their success, and <b>fearful</b> amidat all their power.
<i>Bp. Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>inclined to fear; easily frightened; without courage; timid.</def>

<blockquote>What man is there that is <b>fearful</b> and fain-hearted?
<i>Deut. xx. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Indicating, or caused by, fear.</def>

<blockquote>Cold <b>fearful</b> drops stand on my trembling flesh.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Inspiring fear or awe; exciting apprehension or terror; terrible; frightful; dreadful.</def>

<blockquote>This glorious and <b>fearful</b> name, <sc>The Lord thy God</sc>.
<i>Deut. xxviii. 58.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Death is a <b>fearful</b> thing.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In dreams they <b>fearful</b> precipices tread.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Apprehensive; afraid; timid; timorous; ho<?/rible; distressing; shoking; frightful; dreadful; awful.</syn>

<h1>Ferafully</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fera"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fearful manner.</def>

<h1>Ferafulness</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fera"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being fearful.</def>

<h1>Feraless</h1>
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<hw>Fera"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from fear.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Bold; courageous; interpid; valor<?/ valiant; brave;undaunted; dauntless; heroic.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fear"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fera"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fearnaught</h1>
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<hw>Fear"naught`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fearless person.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stout woolen cloth of great thickness; dreadnaught; also, a warm garment.</def>

<h1>Fearsome</h1>
<Xpage=547>

<hw>Fear"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Frightful; causing fear</def> <mark>[Scotch]</mark> "This fearsome wind."

<i>Sir W. Scott</i>

<p><b>2<p><b> <def>. Easily frightened; timid; timorous. "A silly fearsome thing."</def>

<i>B. Taylor</i>

<hr>
<page="548">
Page 548<p>

<h1>Feasibility</h1>
<Xpage=548>

<hw>Fea"si*bil*ity</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Feasibilities</plw> <tt>(-tiz)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[from <er>Feasible</er>]</ety> <def>The quality of being feasible; practicability; also, that which is feasible; <as>as, before we adopt a plan, let us consider its <ex>feasibility</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Men often swallow falsities for truths, dubiosities for certainties, possibilities for <b>feasibilities</b>.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feasible</h1>
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<hw>Fea"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>faisable</ets>, fr. <ets>faire</ets> to make or do, fr. L. <ets>facere</ets>. See <er>Fact</er>, <er>Feat</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being done, executed, or effected; practicable.</def>

<blockquote>Always existing before their eyes as a thing <b>feasible</b> in practice.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It was not <b>feasible</b> to gratify so many ambitions.
<i>Beaconsfield.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fit to be used or tailed, as land.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>R. Trumbull.</i>

<wordforms><wf>Fea"si*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt>  --<wf>Fea"si*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Feast</h1>
<Xpage=548>

<hw>Feast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>feste</ets> festival, holiday, feast, OF. <ets>feste</ets> festival, F. <ets>f\'88te</ets>, fr. L. <ets>festum</ets>, pl. <ets>festa</ets>, fr. <ets>festus</ets> joyful, festal; of uncertain origin. Cf. <er>Fair</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Festal</er>, F<er><?/te</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A festival; a holiday; a solemn, or more commonly, a joyous, anniversary.</def>

<blockquote>The seventh day shall be a <b>feast</b> to the Lord.
<i>Ex. xiii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now his parents went to Jerusalem every year at the <b>feast</b> of the passover.
<i>Luke ii. 41.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Ecclesiastical <i>fasts</i> are called <i>immovable</i> when they always occur on the same day of the year; otherwise they are called <i>movable</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A festive or joyous meal; a grand, ceremonious, or sumptuous entertainment, of which many guests partake; a banquet characterized by tempting variety and abundance of food.</def>

<blockquote>Enough is as good as a <b>feast</b>.
<i>Old Proverb.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Belshazzar the King made a great <b>feast</b> to a thousand of his lords.
<i>Dan. v. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is partaken of, or shared in, with delight; something highly agreeable; entertainment.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>feast</b> of reason, and the flow of soul.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Feast day</col>, <cd>a holiday; a day set as a solemn commemo<?/ative festival.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Entertainment; regale; banquet; treat; carousal; festivity; festival.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Feast</er>, <er>Banquet</er>, <er>Festival</er>, <er>Carousal</er>. A <i>feast</i> sets before us viands superior in quantity, variety, and abudance; a <i>banquet</i> is a luxurious feast; a <i>festival</i> is the joyful celebration by good cheer of some agreeable event. <i>Carousal</i> is unrestrained indulgence in frolic and drink.</usage>

<h1>Feast</h1>
<Xpage=548>

<hw>Feast</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Feasted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Feasting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>festen</ets>, cf. OF. <ets>fester</ets> to rest from work, F. <ets>f\'88ter</ets> to celebrate a holiday. See <er>Feast</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To eat sumptuously; to dine or sup on rich provisions, particularly in large companies, and on public festivals.</def>

<blockquote>And his sons went and <b>feasted</b> in their houses.
<i>Job. i. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be highly gratified or delighted.</def>

<blockquote>With my love's picture then my eye doth <b>feast</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feast</h1>
<Xpage=548>

<hw>Feast</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To entertain with sumptuous provisions; to treat at the table bountifully; <as>as, he was <ex>feasted</ex> by the king</as>.</def>

<i>Hayward.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To delight; to gratify; <as>as, to <ex>feast</ex> the soul</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Feast</b> your ears with the music a while.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feaster</h1>
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<hw>Feast"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who fares deliciously.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who entertains magnificently.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Feastful</h1>
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<hw>Feast"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Festive; festal; joyful; sumptuous; luxurious.</def> "<i>Feastful</i> days."

<i>Milton.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Feast"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Feat</h1>
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<hw>Feat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fet</ets>, OF. <ets>fet</ets>, <ets>fait</ets>, F. <ets>fait</ets>, <ets>factum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>facere</ets>, <ets>factum</ets>, to make or do. Cf. <er>Fact</er>, <er>Feasible</er>, <er>Do</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An act; a deed; an exploit.</def>

<blockquote>The warlike <b>feats</b> I have done.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A striking act of strength, skill, or cunning; a trick; <as>as, <ex>feats</ex> of horsemanship, or of dexterity</as>.</def>

<h1>Feat</h1>
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<hw>Feat</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form; to fashion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To the more mature,
A glass that <b>feated</b> them.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feat</h1>
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<hw>Feat</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Feater</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Featest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>fait</ets> made, shaped, fit, p.p. of <ets>faire</ets> to make or do. See <er>Feat</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Dexterous in movements or service; skillful; neat; nice; pretty.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Never master had a page . . . so <b>feat</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And look how well my garments sit upon me --
Much <b>feater</b> than before.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feat-bodied</h1>
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<hw>Feat"-bod`ied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a feat or trim body.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Feateous</h1>
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<hw>Feat"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>faitis</ets>, <ets>faitice</ets>, <ets>fetis</ets>, well made, fine, L. <ets>facticius</ets> made by art.]</ety> <def>Dexterous; neat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Feat"e*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Feather</h1>
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<hw>Feath"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fether</ets>, AS. <ets>fe<?/der</ets>; akin to D. <ets>veder</ets>, OHG. <ets>fedara</ets>, G. <ets>feder</ets>, Icel. <ets>fj\'94<?/r</ets>, Sw. <ets>fj\'84der</ets>, Dan. <ets>fj\'91der</ets>, Gr. <?/ wing, feather, <?/ to fly, Skr. <ets>pattra</ets> wing, feathr, <ets>pat</ets> to fly, and prob. to L. <ets>penna</ets> feather, wing. &root;76, 248. Cf. <er>Pen</er> a feather.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the peculiar dermal appendages, of several kinds, belonging to birds, as contour feathers, quills, and down.</def>

<note>&hand; An ordinary feather consists of the quill or hollow basal part of the stem; the shaft or rachis, forming the upper, solid part of the stem; the vanes or webs, implanted on the rachis and consisting of a series of slender lamin\'91 or barbs, which usually bear barbicels and interlocking hooks by which they are fastened together. See <er>Down</er>, <er>Quill</er>, <er>Plumage</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Kind; nature; species; -- from the proverbial phrase, "Birds of a feather," that is, of the same species.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I am not of that <b>feather</b> to shake off
My friend when he must need me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The fringe of long hair on the legs of the setter and some other dogs.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A tuft of peculiar, long, frizzly hair on a horse.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>One of the fins or wings on the shaft of an arrow.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mach. & Carp.)</fld> <def>A longitudinal strip projecting as a fin from an object, to strengthen it, or to enter a channel in another object and thereby prevent displacement sidwise but permit motion lengthwise; a spline.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A thin wedge driven between the two semicylindrical parts of a divided plug in a hole bored in a stone, to rend the stone.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The angular adjustment of an oar or paddle-wheel float, with reference to a horizontal axis, as it leaves or enters the water.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Feather</i> is used adjectively or in combination, meaning <i>composed of</i>, or <i>resembling</i>, <i>a feather or feathers</i>; as, <i>feather</i> fan, <i>feather</i>-heeled, <i>feather</i> duster.</note>

<cs>   <col>Feather alum</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a hydrous sulphate of alumina, resulting from volcanic action, and from the decomposition of iron pyrites; -- called also <altname>halotrichite</altname>.</cd> <i>Ure.</i> -- <col>Feather bed</col>, <cd>a bed filled with feathers.</cd> -- <col>Feather driver</col>, <cd>one who prepares feathers by beating.</cd> -- <col>Feather duster</col>, <cd>a dusting brush of feathers.</cd> -- <col>Feather flower</col>, <cd>an artifical flower made of feathers, for ladies' headdresses, and other ornamental purposes.</cd> -- <col>Feather grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of grass (<spn>Stipa pennata</spn>) which has a long feathery awn rising from one of the chaffy scales which inclose the grain.</cd> -- <col>Feather maker</col>, <cd>one who makes plumes, etc., of feathers, real or artificial.</cd> -- <col>Feather ore</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a sulphide of antimony and lead, sometimes found in capillary forms and like a cobweb, but also massive. It is a variety of Jamesonite.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Feather shot</col>, &or; <col>Feathered shot</col></mcol> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>copper granulated by pouring into cold water.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i> -- <col>Feather spray</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the spray thrown up, like pairs of feathers, by the cutwater of a fast-moving vessel.</cd> -- <col>Feather star</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Comatula</er>.</cd> -- <col>Feather weight</col>. <fld>(Racing)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Scrupulously exact weight, so that a feather would turn the scale, when a jockey is weighed or weighted.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The lightest weight that can be put on the back of a horse in racing.</cd> <i>Youatt.</i> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>In wrestling, boxing, etc., a term applied to the lightest of the classes into which contestants are divided</cd>; -- in contradistinction to <contr>light weight</contr>, <contr>middle weight</contr>, and <contr>heavy weight</contr>.</cs>

<cs>   <col>A feather in the cap</col> <cd>an honour, trophy, or mark of distinction.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To be in full feather</col>, <cd>to be in full dress or in one's best clothes.</cd> <mark>[Collog.]</mark> -- <col>To be in high feather</col>, <cd>to be in high spirits.</cd> <mark>[Collog.]</mark> -- <col>To cut a feather</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To make the water foam in moving; in allusion to the ripple which a ship throws off from her bows.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To make one's self conspicuous.</cd><mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To show the white feather</col></mcol>, <cd>to betray cowardice, -- a white feather in the tail of a cock being considered an indication that he is not of the true game breed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Feather</h1>
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<hw>Feath"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Feathered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Feathering.</er>]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish with a feather or feathers, as an arrow or a cap.</def>

<blockquote>An eagle had the ill hap to be struck with an arrow <b>feathered</b> from her own wing.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To adorn, as with feathers; to fringe.</def>

<blockquote>A few birches and oaks still <b>feathered</b> the narrow ravines.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To render light as a feather; to give wings to</def>.<mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Polonian story perhaps may <b>feather</b> some tedions hours.
<i>Loveday.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To enrich; to exalt; to benefit.</def>

<blockquote>They stuck not to say that the king cared not to plume his nobility and people to <b>feather</b> himself.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To tread, as a cock.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<cs><col>To feather one's nest</col>, <cd>to provide for one's self especially from property belonging to another, confided to one's care; -- an expression taken from the practice of birds which collect feathers for the lining of their nests.</cd> -- <col>To feather an oar</col> <fld>(Naut)</fld>, <cd>to turn it when it leaves the water so that the blade will be horizontal and offer the least resistance to air while reaching for another stroke.</cd> -- <col>To tar and feather a person</col>, <cd>to smear him with tar and cover him with feathers, as a punishment or an indignity.</cd></cs>

<h1>Feather</h1>
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<hw>Feath"er</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grow or form feathers; to become feathered; -- often with <i>out</i>; <as>as, the birds are <ex>feathering</ex> out</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To curdle when poured into another liquid, and float about in little flakes or "feathers;" as, the cream <i>feathers</i></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To turn to a horizontal plane; -- said of oars.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>feathering</b> oar returns the gleam.
<i>Tickell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Stopping his sculls in the air to <b>feather</b> accurately.
<i>Macmillan's Mag.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To have the appearance of a feather or of feathers; to be or to appear in feathery form.</def>

<blockquote>A clump of ancient cedars <b>feathering</b> in evergreen beauty down to the ground.
<i>Warren.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ripple <b>feathering</b> from her bows.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feather-brained/</h1>
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<hw>Feath"er-brained/</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giddy; frivolous; feather-headed.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Feathered</h1>
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<hw>Feath"ered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Clothed, covered, or fitted with (or as with) feathers or wings; <as>as, a <ex>feathered</ex> animal; a <ex>feathered</ex> arrow.</as></def>

<blockquote>Rise from the ground like <b>feathered</b> Mercury.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nonsense <b>feathered</b> with soft and delicate phrases and pointed with pathetic accent.
<i>Dr. J. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Furnished with anything featherlike; ornamented; fringed; <as>as, land <ex>feathered</ex> with trees</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a fringe of feathers, as the legs of certian birds; or of hairs, as the legs of a setter dog.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having feathers; -- said of an arrow, when the feathers are of a tincture different from that of the shaft.</def>

<h1>Feather-edge/</h1>
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<hw>Feath"er-edge/</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The thin, new growth around the edge of a shell, of an oyster.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any thin, as on a board or a razor.</def>

<h1>Feather-edged/</h1>
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<hw>Feath"er-edged/</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a feather-edge; also, having one edge thinner than the other, as a board; -- in the United States, said only of stuff one edge of which is made as thin as practicable.</def>

<h1>Feather-few/</h1>
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<hw>Feath"er-few/</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Feverfew.</def>

<h1>Feather-foil</h1>
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<hw>Feath"er-foil`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Feather</ets> + <ets>foil</ets> a leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An aquatic plant (<spn>Hottonia palustris</spn>), having finely divided leaves.</def>

<h1>Feather-head</h1>
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<hw>Feath"er-head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A frivolous or featherbrained person.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>H. James.</i>

<h1>Feather-headed</h1>
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<hw>Feath"er-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giddy; frivolous; foolish.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Feather-heeled</h1>
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<hw>Feath"er-heeled`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Light-heeled; gay; frisky; frolicsome.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Featherness</h1>
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<hw>Feath"er*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of being feathery.</def>

<h1>Feathering</h1>
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<hw>Feath"er*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Foliation</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of turning the blade of the oar, as it rises from the water in rowing, from a vertical to a horizontal position. See <cref>To feather an oar</cref>, under <er>Feather</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A covering of feathers.</def>

<cs><col>Feathering float</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the float or paddle of a feathering wheel.</cd> -- <col>Feathering screw</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a screw propeller, of which the blades may be turned so as to move edgewise through the water when the vessel is moving under sail alone.</cd> -- <col>Feathering wheel</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a paddle wheel whose floats turn automatically so as to dip about perpendicularly into the water and leave in it the same way, avoiding beating on the water in the descent and lifting water in the ascent.</cd></cs>

<h1>Featherless</h1>
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<hw>Feath"er*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of feathers.</def>

<h1>Featherly</h1>
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<hw>Feath"er*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like feathers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Feather-pated</h1>
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<hw>Feath"er-pat"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Feather-headed; frivolous.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Feather-veined</h1>
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<hw>Feath"er-veined`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the veins (of a leaf) diverging from the two sides of a midrib.</def>

<h1>Featery</h1>
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<hw>Feat"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, feathers; covered with, or as with, feathers; <as>as, <ex>feathery</ex> spray or snow</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Ye <b>feathery</b> people of mid air.
<i>Barry Cornwall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Featly</h1>
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<hw>Feat"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Feat</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Neatly; dexterously; nimbly.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Foot <b>featly</b> here and there.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Featness</h1>
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<hw>Feat"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Skill; adroitness.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Feature</h1>
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<hw>Fea"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>feture</ets> form, shape, feature, OF. <ets>faiture</ets> fashion, make, fr. L. <ets>factura</ets> a making, formation, fr. <ets>facere</ets>, <ets>factum</ets>, to make. See <er>Feat</er>, <er>Fact</er>, and cf. <er>Facture</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The make, form, or outward appearance of a person; the whole turn or style of the body; esp., good appearance.</def>

<blockquote>What needeth it his <b>feature</b> to descrive?
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cheated of <b>feature</b> by dissembling nature.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The make, cast, or appearance of the human face, and especially of any single part of the face; a lineament. (<pluf>pl.</pluf>) The face, the countenance.</def>

<blockquote>It is for homely <b>features</b> to keep home.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The cast or structure of anything, or of any part of a thing, as of a landscape, a picture, a treaty, or an essay; any marked peculiarity or characteristic; <as>as, one of the <ex>features</ex> of the landscape</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And to her service bind each living creature
Through secret understanding of their <b>feature</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A form; a shape.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>So scented the grim <b>feature</b>, and upturned
His nostril wide into the murky air.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Featured</h1>
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<hw>Fea"tured</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Shaped; fashioned.</def>

<blockquote>How noble, young, how rarely <b>featured</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having features; formed into features.</def>

<blockquote>The well-stained canvas or the <b>featured</b> stone.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Featureless</h1>
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<hw>Fea"ture*less</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no distinct or distinctive features.</def>

<h1>Featurely</h1>
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<hw>Fea"ture*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having features; showing marked peculiarities; handsome.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Featurely</b> warriors of Christian chivalry.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feaze</h1>
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<hw>Feaze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Feazed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Feazing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>faseln</ets> to ravel, fr. AS. <ets>f\'91s</ets> fringe; akin to G. <ets>fasen</ets> to separate fibers or threads, <ets>fasen</ets>, <ets>faser</ets>, thread, filament, OHG. <ets>faso</ets>.]</ety> <def>To untwist; to unravel, as the end of a rope.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Feaze</h1>
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<hw>Feaze</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Feese</er>.<-- now <ets>faze</ets>-->]</ety> <def>To beat; to chastise; also, to humble; to harass; to worry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>insworth.</i>

<h1>Feaze</h1>
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<hw>Feaze</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of anxious or fretful excitement; worry; vexation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Feazings</h1>
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<hw>Feaz"ings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Feaze</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The unlaid or ragged end of a rope.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Febricitate</h1>
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<hw>Fe*bric"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>febricitare</ets>, fr. <ets>febris</ets>. See <er>Febrile</er>.]</ety> <def>To have a fever.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Febriculose</h1>
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<hw>Fe*bric"u*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>febriculosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Somewhat feverish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Febrifacient</h1>
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<hw>Feb`ri*fa"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>febris</ets> fever + <ets>faciens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Febrific.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

-- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>That which causes fever</def>. <i>Beddoes.</i></def2>

<h1>Febriferous</h1>
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<hw>Fe*brif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>febris</ets> fever + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing fever; <as>as, a <ex>febriferous</ex> locality</as>.</def>

<h1>Febrific</h1>
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<hw>Fe*brif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>febris</ets> fever + <ets>ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>fy</er>-.]</ety> <def>Producing fever.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Febrifugal</h1>
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<hw>Fe*brif"u*gal</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Febrifuge</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of mitigating or curing fever.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Febrifuge</h1>
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<hw>Feb"ri*fuge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>febris</ets> fever + <ets>fugare</ets> to put to flight, from <ets>fugere</ets> to flee: cf. F. <ets>f\'82brifuge</ets>. see <er>Febrile</er>, <er>Feverfew</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine serving to mitigate or remove fever.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Antifebrile.</def></def2>

<h1>Febrile</h1>
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<hw>Fe"brile</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>f\'82brile</ets>, from L. <ets>febris</ets> fever. See <er>Fever</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to fever; indicating fever, or derived from it; <as>as, <ex>febrile</ex> symptoms; <ex>febrile</ex> action.</as></def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>February</h1>
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<hw>Feb"ru*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Februarius</ets>, orig., the month of expiation, because on the fifteenth of this month the great feast of expiation and purification was held, fr. <ets>februa</ets>, pl., the Roman festival or purification; akin to <ets>februare</ets> to purify, expiate.]</ety> <def>The second month in the year, said to have been introduced into the Roman calendar by Numa. In common years this month contains twenty-eight days; in the bissextile, or leap year, it has twenty-nine days.</def>

<h1>Februation</h1>
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<hw>Feb`ru*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>februatio</ets>. See <er>february</er>.]</ety> <def>Purification; a sacrifice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Fecal</h1>
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<hw>Fe"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>f\'82cal</ets>. See <er>Feces</er>.]</ety> <def>relating to, or containing, dregs, feces, or ordeure; f\'91cal.</def>

<h1>Fecche</h1>
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<hw>Fec"che</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fetch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Feces</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ces</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>dregs; sediment; excrement. See <er>F\'92ces</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="549">
Page 549<p>

<h1>Fecial</h1>
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<hw>Fe"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fetialis</ets> belonging to the <ets>fetiales</ets>, the Roman priests who sanctioned treaties and demanded satisfaction from the enemy before a formal declaration of war.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to heralds, declarations of war, and treaties of peace; <as>as, <ex>fecial</ex> law</as>.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Fecifork</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ci*fork`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Feces</ets> + <ets>fork</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The anal fork on which the larv\'91 of certain insects carry their f\'91ces.</def>

<h1>Feckless</h1>
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<hw>Feck"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Perh. a corruption of <ets>effectless</ets>.]</ety> <def>Spiritless; weak; worthless.</def> <mark>[Scot]</mark>

<h1>Fecks</h1>
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<hw>Fecks</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A corruption of the word <i>faith</i>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fecula</h1>
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<hw>Fec"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fecul\'92</plw></plu> <ety>[L.<ets>fae<?/ula</ets> burnt tartar or salt of tartar, dim. of <ets>faex</ets>, <ets>faecis</ets>, sediment, dregs: cf. F. <ets>f\'82cule</ets>.]</ety> <def>Any pulverulent matter obtained from plants by simply breaking down the texture, washing with water, and subsidence.</def> Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The nutritious part of wheat; starch or farina; -- called also <altname>amylaceous fecula</altname></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> The green matter of plants; chlorophyll.</def>

<h1>Feculence</h1>
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<hw>Fec"u*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>faeculentia</ets> dregs, filth: cf. F. <ets>f\'82culence</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being feculent; muddiness; foulness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is feculent; sediment; lees; dregs.</def>

<h1>Feculency</h1>
<Xpage=549>

<hw>Fec"u*len*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Feculence.</def>

<h1>Feculent</h1>
<Xpage=549>

<hw>Fec"u*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>faeculentus</ets>, fr. <ets>faecula</ets>: cf. F. <ets>f\'82culent</ets>. See <er>Fecula</er>.]</ety> <def>Foul with extraneous or impure substances; abounding with sediment or excrementitious matter; muddy; thick; turbid.</def>

<blockquote>Both his hands most filthy <b>feculent</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fecund</h1>
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<hw>Fec"und</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fecundus</ets>, from the root of <ets>fetus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>f\'82cond</ets>. see <er>Fetus</er>.]</ety> <def>Fruitful in children; prolific.</def>

<i>Graunt.</i>

<h1>Fecundate</h1>
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<hw>Fec"un*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fecundated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fecundating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>fecundare</ets>, fr. <ets>fecundus</ets>. See <er>Fecund</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make fruitful or prolific.</def>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To render fruitful or prolific; to impregnate; <as>as, in flowers the pollen <ex>fecundates</ex> the ovum through the stigma</as>.</def>

<h1>Fecundation</h1>
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<hw>Fec`un*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>f\'82condation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The act by which, either in animals or plants, material prepared by the generative organs the female organism is brought in contact with matter from the organs of the male, so that a new organism results; impregnation; fertilization.</def>

<h1>Fecundify</h1>
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<hw>Fe*cun"di*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fecund</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make fruitful; to fecundate.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Fecundity</h1>
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<hw>Fe*cun"di*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fecunditas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>f\'82condit\'82</ets>. See <er>Fecund</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or power of producing fruit; fruitfulness; especially <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, the quality in female organisms of reproducing rapidly and in great numbers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The power of germinating; as in seeds.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The power of bringing forth in abundance; fertility; richness of invention; <as>as, the <ex>fecundity</ex> of God's creative power</as>.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Fed</h1>
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<hw>Fed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Feed</er>.</def>

<h1>Fedary</h1>
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<hw>Fed"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A feodary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Federal</h1>
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<hw>Fed"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>foedus</ets> league, treaty, compact; akin to <ets>fides</ets> faith: cf. F. <ets>f\'82d\'82ral</ets>. see <er>Faith</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to a league or treaty; derived from an agreement or covenant between parties, especially between nations; constituted by a compact between parties, usually governments or their representatives.</def>

<blockquote>The Romans compelled them, contrary to all <b>federal</b> right, . . . to part with Sardinia.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Composed of states or districts which retain only a subordinate and limited sovereignty, as the <i>Union</i> of the United States, or the <i>Sonderbund</i> of Switzerland.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Consisting or pertaining to such a government; <as>as, the <ex>Federal</ex> Constitution; a <ex>Federal</ex> officer</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Friendly or devoted to such a government; <as>as, the <ex>Federal</ex> party</as>. see <er>Federalist</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Federal Congress</col>. <cd>See under <er>Congress</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Federal</h1>
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<hw>Fed"er*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Federalist</er>.</def>

<h1>Federalism</h1>
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<hw>Fed"er*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>f\'82d\'82ralisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>the principles of Federalists or of federal union.</def>

<h1>Federalist</h1>
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<hw>Fed"er*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>f\'82d\'82raliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>An advocate of confederation; specifically <fld>(Amer. Hist.)</fld>, a friend of the Constitution of the United States at its formation and adoption; a member of the political party which favored the administration of president Washington.</def>

<h1>Federalize</h1>
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<hw>Fed"er*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Federalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Federalizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>f\'82d\'82raliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To unite in compact, as different States; to confederate for political purposes; to unite by or under the Federal Constitution.</def>

<i>Barlow.</i>

<h1>Federary</h1>
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<hw>Fed"er*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Federal</er>.]</ety> <def>A partner; a confederate; an accomplice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>hak.</i>

<h1>Federate</h1>
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<hw>Fed"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>foederatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>foederare</ets> to establish by treaty or league, fr. <ets>foedus</ets>. See <er>Federal</er>.]</ety> <def>United by compact, as sovereignties, states, or nations; joined in confederacy; leagued; confederate; <as>as, <ex>federate</ex> nations</as>.</def>

<h1>Federation</h1>
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<hw>Fed`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>f\'82d\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of uniting in a league; confederation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A league; a confederacy; a federal or confederated government.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Federative</h1>
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<hw>Fed"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>f\'82d\'82ratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Uniting in a league; forming a confederacy; federal.</def> "A <i>federative</i> society."

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Fedity</h1>
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<hw>Fed"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>foeditas</ets>, fr. <ets>foedus</ets> foul, fikthy.]</ety> <def>Turpitude; vileness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Fee</h1>
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<hw>Fee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fe</ets>, <ets>feh</ets>, <ets>feoh</ets>, cattle, property, money, fiet, AS. <ets>feoh</ets> cattle, property, money; the senses of "property, money," arising from cattle being used in early times as a medium of exchange or payment, property chiefly consisting of cattle; akin to OS. <ets>feuh</ets> cattle, property, D. <ets>vee</ets> cattle, OHG. <ets>fihu</ets>, <ets>fehu</ets>, G. <ets>vieh</ets>, Icel. <ets>f<?/</ets> cattle, property, money, Goth. <ets>fa\'a1hu</ets>, L. <ets>pecus</ets> cattle, pecunia property. money, Skr. <ets>pa<?/u</ets> cattle, perh. orig., "a fastened or tethered animal," from a root signifying <ets>to bind</ets>, and perh. akin to E. <ets>fang</ets>, <ets>fair</ets>, <tt>a.</tt>; cf. OF. <ets>fie</ets>, <ets>flu</ets>, <ets>feu</ets>, <ets>fleu</ets>, <ets>fief</ets>, F. <ets>fief</ets>, from German, of the same origin. the sense <ets>fief</ets> is due to the French. <?/ 249. Cf. <er>Feud</er>, <er>Fief</er>, <er>Fellow</er>, <er>Pecuniary</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>property; possession; tenure.</def> "Laden with rich <i>fee</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Once did she hold the gorgeous East in <b>fee</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reward or compensation for services rendered or to be rendered; especially, payment for professional services, of optional amount, or fixed by custom or laws; charge; pay; perquisite; <as>as, the <ex>fees</ex> of lawyers and physicians; the <ex>fees</ex> of office; clerk's <ex>fees</ex>; sheriff's <ex>fees</ex>; marriage <ex>fees</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>To plead for love deserves more <b>fee</b> than hate.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Feud. Law)</fld> <def>A right to the use of a superior's land, as a stipend for services to be performed; also, the land so held; a fief.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>An estate of inheritance supposed to be held either mediately or immediately from the sovereign, and absolutely vested in the owner.</def>

<note>&hand; All the land in England, except the crown land, is of this kind. An <i>absolute fee</i>, or <i>fee simple</i>, is land which a man holds to himself and his heirs forever, who are called <i>tenants in fee simple</i>. In modern writers, by <i>fee</i> is usually meant <i>fee simple</i>. A <i>limited fee</i> may be a <i>qualitified</i> or <i>base fee</i>, which ceases with the existence of certain conditions; or a <i>conditional fee</i>, or <i>fee tail</i>, which is limited to particular heirs.</note>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Amer. Law)</fld> <def>An estate of inheritance belonging to the owner, and transmissible to his heirs, absolutely and simply, without condition attached to the tenure.</def>

<cs><col>Fee estate</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>land or tenements held in fee in consideration or some acknowledgment or service rendered to the lord.</cd> -- <col>Fee farm</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>land held of another in fee, in consideration of an annual rent, without homage, fealty, or any other service than that mentioned in the feoffment; an estate in fee simple, subject to a perpetual rent.</cd> <i>Blackstone.</i> -- <col>Fee farm rent</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a perpetual rent reserved upon a conveyance in fee simple.</cd> -- <col>Fee fund</col> <fld>(Scot. Law)</fld>, <cd>certain court dues out of which the clerks and other court officers are paid.</cd> -- <col>Fee simple</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an absolute fee; a fee without conditions or limits.</cd>

<blockquote>Buy the <b>fee simple</b> of my life for an hour and a quarter.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Fee tail</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an estate of inheritance, limited and restrained to some particular heirs.</cd> <i>Burill.</i></cs>

<h1>Fee</h1>
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<hw>Fee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Feed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Feeing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To reward for services performed, or to be performed; to recompense; to hire or keep in hire; hence, to bribe.</def>

<blockquote>The patient . . . <b>fees</b> the doctor.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There's not a one of them but in his house
I keep a servant <b>feed</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feeble</h1>
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<hw>Fee"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Feebler</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Feeblest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>feble</ets>, OF. <ets>feble</ets>, <ets>flebe</ets>, <ets>floibe</ets>, <ets>floible</ets>, <ets>foible</ets>, F. <ets>faible</ets>, L. <ets>flebilis</ets> to be wept over, lamentable, wretched, fr. <ets>flere</ets> to weep. Cf. <er>Foible</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Deficient in physical strenght; weak; infirm; debilitated.</def>

<blockquote>Carried all the <b>feeble</b> of them upon asses.
<i>2 Chron. xxviii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wanting force, vigor, or efficiency in action or expression; not full, loud, bright, strong, rapid, etc.; faint; <as>as, a <ex>feeble</ex> color; <ex>feeble</ex> motion.</as></def> "A lady's <i>feeble</i> voice."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Feeble</h1>
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<hw>Fee"ble</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make feble; to enfeeble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Shall that victorious hand be <b>feebled</b> here?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feeble-minded</h1>
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<hw>Fee"ble-mind"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Weak in intellectual power; wanting firmness or constancy; irresolute; vacilating; imbecile.</def> "comfort the <i>feeble-minded</i>."

<i>1 Thess. v. 14.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fee"ble-mind"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Feebleness</h1>
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<hw>Fee"ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being feeble; debility; infirmity.</def>

<blockquote>That shakes for age and <b>feebleness</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feebly</h1>
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<hw>Fee"bly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a feeble manner.</def>

<blockquote>The restored church . . . contended <b>feebly</b>, and with half a heart.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feed</h1>
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<hw>Feed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Feeding</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>f<?/dan</ets>, fr. <ets>f<?/da</ets> food; akin to C?. <ets>f<?/dian</ets>, OFries <ets>f<?/da</ets>, <ets>f<?/da</ets>, D. <ets>voeden</ets>, OHG. <ets>fuottan</ets>, Icel. <ets>f\'91<?/a</ets>, Sw. <ets>f\'94da</ets>, Dan. <ets>f\'94de</ets>. <?/ 75. See <er>Food</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give food to; to supply with nourishment; to satisfy the physical huger of.</def>

<blockquote>If thine enemy hunger, <b>feed</b> him.
<i>Rom. xii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Unreasonable reatures <b>feed</b> their young.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To satisfy; grafity or minister to, as any sense, talent, taste, or desire.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>feed</b> fat the ancient grudge I bear him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Feeding</b> him with the hope of liberty.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fill the wants of; to supply with that which is used or wasted; <as>as, springs <ex>feed</ex> ponds; the hopper <ex>feeds</ex> the mill; to <ex>feed</ex> a furnace with coal.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To nourish, in a general sense; to foster, strengthen, develop, and guard.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt <b>feed</b> people Israel.
<i>2 Sam. v. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Mightiest powers by deepest calms are <b>feed</b>.
<i>B. Cornwall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To graze; to cause to be cropped by feeding, as herbage by cattle; <as>as, if grain is too forward in autumn, <ex>feed</ex> it with sheep</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Once in three years <b>feed</b> your mowing lands.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To give for food, especially to animals; to furnish for consumption; <as>as, to <ex>feed</ex> out turnips to the cows; to <ex>feed</ex> water to a steam boiler.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To supply (the material to be operated upon) to a machine; <as>as, to <ex>feed</ex> paper to a printing press</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To produce progressive operation upon or with (as in wood and metal working machines, so that the work moves to the cutting tool, or the tool to the work).</def>

<h1>Feed</h1>
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<hw>Feed</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take food; to eat.</def>

<blockquote>Her kid . . . which I afterwards killed because it would not <b>feed</b>.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To subject by eating; to satisfy the appetite; to feed one's self (upon something); to prey; -- with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Leaving thy trunk for crows to <b>feed</b> upon.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be nourished, strengthened, or satisfied, as if by food.</def> "He <i>feeds</i> upon the cooling shade."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To place cattle to feed; to pasture; to graze.</def>

<blockquote>If a man . . . shall put in his beast, and shall <b>feed</b> in anothe<?/ man's field.
<i>Ex. xxii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feed</h1>
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<hw>Feed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is eaten; esp., food for beasts; fodder; pasture; hay; grain, ground or whole; <as>as, the best <ex>feed</ex> for sheep</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A grazing or pasture ground.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An allowance of provender given to a horse, cow, etc.; a meal; <as>as, a <ex>feed</ex> of corn or oats</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A meal, or the act of eating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>For such pleasure till that hour
At <b>feed</b> or fountain never had I found.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The water supplied to steam boilers.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The motion, or act, of carrying forward the stuff to be operated upon, as cloth to the needle in a sewing machine; or of producing progressive operation upon any material or object in a machine, as, in a turning lathe, by moving the cutting tool along or in the work.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The supply of material to a machine, as water to a steam boiler, coal to a furnace, or grain to a run of stones.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The mechanism by which the action of feeding is produced; a feed motion.</def>

<cs><col>Feed bag</col>, <cd>a nose bag containing feed for a horse or mule.</cd> -- <col>Feed cloth</col>, <cd>an apron for leading cotton, wool, or other fiber, into a machine, as for carding, etc.</cd> -- <col>Feed door</col>, <cd>a door to a furnace, by which to supply coal.</cd> -- <col>Feed head</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A cistern for feeding water by gravity to a steam boiler.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <cd>An excess of metal above a mold, which serves to render the casting more compact by its pressure; -- also called a <altname>riser</altname>, <altname>deadhead</altname>, or simply <altname>feed</altname> or <altname>head</altname></cd> <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>Feed heater</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <cd>A vessel in which the feed water for the boiler is heated, usually by exhaust steam.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A boiler or kettle in which is heated food for stock.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Feed motion</col>, &or; <col>Feed gear</col></mcol> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>the train of mechanism that gives motion to the part that directly produces the feed in a machine.</cd> -- <col>Feed pipe</col>, <cd>a pipe for supplying the boiler of a steam engine, etc., with water.</cd> -- <col>Feed pump</col>, <cd>a force pump for supplying water to a steam boiler, etc.</cd> -- <col>Feed regulator</col>, <cd>a device for graduating the operation of a feeder.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>Feed screw</col>, <cd>in lathes, a long screw employed to impart a regular motion to a tool rest or tool, or to the work.</cd> -- <col>Feed water</col>, <cd>water supplied to a steam boiler, etc.</cd> -- <col>Feed wheel</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of feeder. See <er>Feeder</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 8.</cd></cs>

<h1>Feeder</h1>
<Xpage=549>

<hw>Feed"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, gives food or supplies nourishment; steward.</def>

<blockquote>A couple of friends, his chaplain and <b>feeder</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who furnishes incentives; an encourager.</def> "The <i>feeder</i> of my riots."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who eats or feeds; specifically, an animal to be fed or fattened.</def>

<blockquote>With eager feeding, food doth choke the <b>feeder</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who fattens cattle for slaughter.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A stream that flows into another body of water; a tributary; specifically <fld>(Hydraulic Engin.)</fld>, a water course which supplies a canal or reservoir by gravitation or natural flow.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A branch railroad, stage line, or the like; a side line which increases the business of the main line.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small lateral lode falling into the main lode or mineral vein.</def> <i>Ure.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A strong discharge of gas from a fissure; a blower</def>. <i>Raymond.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>An auxiliary part of a machine which supplies or leads along the material operated upon.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>A device for supplying steam boilers with water as needed.</def>

<h1>Feeding</h1>
<Xpage=549>

<hw>Feed"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>the act of eating, or of supplying with food; the process of fattening.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is eaten; food.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which furnishes or affords food, especially for animals; pasture land.</def>

<cs><col>Feeding bottle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bottle</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fee-faw-fum</h1>
<Xpage=549>

<hw>Fee`-faw`-fum"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nonsensical exclamation attributed to giants and ogres; hence, any expression calculated to impose upon the timid and ignorant.</def> "Impudent <i>fee-faw-fums</i>."

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<h1>Feejee</h1>
<Xpage=549>

<hw>Fee"jee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Ethnol)</fld> <def>See <er>Fijian</er>.</def>

<h1>Feel</h1>
<Xpage=549>

<hw>Feel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Felt</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Feeling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>f<?/lan</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>gif<?/lian</ets> to perceive, D. <ets>voelen</ets> to feel, OHG. <ets>fuolen</ets>, G. <ets>f\'81hlen</ets>, Icel. <ets>f\'belma</ets> to grope, and prob. to AS. <ets>folm</ets> paim of the hand, L. <ets>palma</ets>. Cf. <er>Fumble</er>, <er>Palm</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To perceive by the touch; to take cognizance of by means of the nerves of sensation distributed all over the body, especially by those of the skin; to have sensation excited by contact of (a thing) with the body or limbs.</def>

<blockquote>Who <b>feel</b>
Those rods of scorpions and those whips of steel.
<i>Creecn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To touch; to handle; to examine by touching; <as>as, <ex>feel</ex> this piece of silk</as>; hence, to make trial of; to test; often with <ex>out</ex>.</def>

<blockquote>Come near, . . . that I may <b>feel</b> thee, my son.
<i>Gen. xxvii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He hath this to <b>feel</b> my affection to your honor.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To perceive by the mind; to have a sense of; to experience; to be affected by; to be sensible of, or sensetive to; <as>as, to <ex>feel</ex> pleasure; to <ex>feel</ex> pain.</as></def>

<blockquote>Teach me to <b>feel</b> another's woe.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whoso keepeth the commandment shall <b>feel</b> no evil thing.
<i>Eccl. viii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He best can paint them who shall <b>feel</b> them most.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Mankind have <b>felt</b> their strength and made it <b>felt</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To take internal cognizance of; to be conscious of; to have an inward persuasion of.</def>

<blockquote>For then, and not till then, he <b>felt</b> himself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To perceive; to observe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>To feel the helm</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to obey it.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="550">
Page 550<p>

<h1>Feel</h1>
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<hw>Feel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have perception by the touch, or by contact of anything with the nerves of sensation, especially those upon the surface of the body.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have the sensibilities moved or affected</def>.

<blockquote>[She] <b>feels</b> with the dignity of a Roman matron.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And mine as man, who <b>feel</b> for all mankind.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be conscious of an inward impression, state of mind, persuasion, physical condition, etc.; to perceive one's self to be; -- followed by an adjective describing the state, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>feel</ex> assured, grieved, persuaded</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I then did <b>feel</b> full sick.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To know with feeling; to be conscious; hence, to know certainly or without misgiving.</def>

<blockquote>Garlands . . . which I <b>feel</b>
I am not worthy yet to wear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To appear to the touch; to give a perception; to produce an impression by the nerves of sensation; -- followed by an adjective describing the kind of sensation.</def>

<blockquote>Blind men say black <b>feels</b> rough, and white <b>feels</b> smooth.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To feel after</col>, <cd>to search for; to seek to find; to seek as a person groping in the dark. "If haply they might <i>feel after<i> him, and find him."</cd></cs>

<i>Acts xvii. 27.</i>

<cs><col>- To feel of</col>, <cd>to examine by touching.</cd></cs>

<h1>Feel</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Feel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Feeling; perception.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To intercept and have a more kindly <b>feel</b> of its genial warmth.
<i>Hazlitt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sensation communicated by touching; impression made upon one who touches or handles; <as>as, this leather has a greasy <ex>feel</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The difference between these two tumors will be distinguished by the <b>feel</b>.
<i>S. Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feeler</h1>
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<hw>Feel"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, feels.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the sense organs or certain animals (as insects), which are used in testing objects by touch and in searching for food; an antenna; a palp.</def>

<blockquote>Insects . . . perpetually feeling and searching before them with their <b>feelers</b> or antenn\'91.
<i>Derham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything, as a proposal, observation, etc., put forth or thrown out in order to ascertain the views of others; something tentative.</def>

<h1>Feeling</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Feel"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessing great sensibility; easily affected or moved; <as>as, a <ex>feeling</ex> heart</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressive of great sensibility; attended by, or evincing, sensibility; <as>as, he made a <ex>feeling</ex> representation of his wrongs</as>.</def>

<h1>Feeling</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Feel"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The sense by which the mind, through certain nerves of the body, perceives external objects, or certain states of the body itself; that one of the five senses which resides in the general nerves of sensation distributed over the body, especially in its surface; the sense of touch; nervous sensibility to external objects.</def>

<blockquote>Why was the sight
To such a tender ball as the eye confined, . . .
And not, as <b>feeling</b>, through all parts diffused?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An act or state of perception by the sense above described; an act of apprehending any object whatever; an act or state of apprehending the state of the soul itself; consciousness.</def>

<blockquote>The apprehension of the good
Gives but the greater feeling to the worse.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The capacity of the soul for emotional states; a high degree of susceptibility to emotions or states of the sensibility not dependent on the body; <as>as, a man of <ex>feeling</ex>; a man destitute of <ex>feeling</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any state or condition of emotion; the exercise of the capacity for emotion; any mental state whatever; <as>as, a right or a wrong <ex>feeling</ex> in the heart; our angry or kindly <ex>feelings</ex>; a <ex>feeling</ex> of pride or of humility.</as></def>

<blockquote>A fellow <b>feeling</b> makes one wondrous kind.
<i>Garrick.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Tenderness for the <b>feelings</b> of others.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That quality of a work of art which embodies the mental emotion of the artist, and is calculated to affect similarly the spectator.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Sensation; emotion; passion; sentiment; agitation; opinion. See <er>Emotion</er>, <er>Passion</er>, <er>Sentiment</er>.</syn>

<h1>Feelingly</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Feel"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a feeling manner; pathetically; sympathetically.</def>

<h1>Feere</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Feere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fere</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A consort, husband or wife; a companion; a fere.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Feese</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Feese</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>fesien</ets> to put to flight, AS. <ets>f\'c7sian</ets>, <ets>f\'dfsian</ets>, <ets>f\'dfsan</ets>, fr. <ets>f\'d4s</ets>, prompt, willing.]</ety> <def>the short run before a leap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Feet</h1>
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<hw>Feet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Foot</er>.</def>

<h1>Feet</h1>
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<hw>Feet</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Feat</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Fact; performance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Feetless</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Feet"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of feet; <as>as, <ex>feetless</ex> birds</as>.</def>

<h1>Feeze</h1>
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<hw>Feeze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[For sense 1, cf. F. <ets>visser</ets> to screw, <ets>vis</ets> screw, or 1st E. <ets>feaze</ets>, v.t.: for sense 2, see <er>Feese</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To turn, as a screw.</def> <mark>[Scot]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To beat; to chastise; to humble; to worry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>feaze</asp>, <asp>feize</asp>, <asp>pheese</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<cs><col>To feeze up</col>, <cd>to work into a passion. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Feeze</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Feeze</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fretful excitement. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Feaze</er>.</def>

<h1>Fehling</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Feh"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Fehling's solution</cref>, under <er>Solution</er>.</def>

<h1>Fehmic</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Feh"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Vehmic</er>.</def>

<h1>Feign</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Feign</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Feigned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Feigning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>feinen</ets>, F. <ets>feindre</ets> (p. pr. <ets>feignant</ets>), fr. L. <ets>fingere</ets>; akin to L. <ets>figura</ets> figure,and E. <ets>dough</ets>. See <er>Dough</er>, and cf. <er>Figure</er>, <er>Faint</er>, <er>Effigy</er>, <er>Fiction</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give a mental existence to, as to something not real or actual; to imagine; to invent; hence, to pretend; to form and relate as if true.</def>

<blockquote>There are no such things done as thou sayest, but thou <b>feignest</b> them out of thine own heart.
<i>Neh. vi. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The poet
Did <b>feign</b> that Orpheus drew trees, stones, and floods.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To represent by a false appearance of; to pretend; to counterfeit; <as>as, to <ex>feign</ex> a sickness</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To dissemble; to conceal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Feigned</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Feigned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not real or genuine; pretended; counterfeit; insincere; false.</def> "A <i>feigned</i> friend."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Give ear unto my prayer, that goeth not out of <b>feigned</b> lips.
<i>Ps. xvii. 1.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Feign"ed*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Feign"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Her treacherous sister Judah hath not turned unto me with her whole heart, but <b>feignedly</b>.
<i>Jer. iii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Feigned issue</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an issue produced in a pretended action between two parties for the purpose of trying before a jury a question of fact which it becomes necessary to settle in the progress of a cause.</cd> <i>Burill. Bouvier.</i></cs>

<h1>Feigner</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Feign"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who feigns or pretends.</def>

<h1>Feigning</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Feign"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That feigns; insincere; not genuine; false.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Feign"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Feine</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Feine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To feign.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Feint</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Feint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>feint</ets>, p.p. of <ets>feindre</ets> to feign. See <er>Feign</er>.]</ety> <def>Feigned; counterfeit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Dressed up into any <b>feint</b> appearance of it.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feint</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Feint</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>feinte</ets>, fr. <ets>feint</ets>. See <er>Feint</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is feigned; an assumed or false appearance; a pretense; a stratagem; a fetch.</def>

<blockquote>Courtley's letter is but a <b>feint</b> to get off.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mock blow or attack on one part when another part is intended to be struck; -- said of certain movements in fencing, boxing, war, etc.</def>

<h1>Feint</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Feint</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a feint, or mock attack.</def>

<h1>Feitsui</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fei`tsui"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The Chinese name for a highly prized variety of pale green jade. See <er>Jade</er>.</def>

<h1>Feize</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Feize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Feeze</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Felanders</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fel"an*ders</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Filanders</er>.</def>

<h1>Feldspar, Feldspath</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw><hw>Feld"spar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Feld"spath`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>feldspath</ets>; <ets>feld</ets> field + <ets>spath</ets> spar.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A name given to a group of minerals, closely related in crystalline form, and all silicates of alumina with either potash, soda, lime, or, in one case, baryta. They occur in crystals and crystalline masses, vitreous in luster, and breaking rather easily in two directions at right angles to each other, or nearly so. The colors are usually white or nearly white, flesh-red, bluish, or greenish.</def>

<note>&hand; The group includes the monoclinic (<i>orthoclastic</i>) species <i>orthoclase</i> or common potash feldspar, and the rare <i>hyalophane</i> or baryta feldspar; also the triclinic species (called in general <i>plagioclase</i>) <i>microcline</i>, like orthoclase a potash feldspar; <i>anorthite</i> or lime feldspar; <i>albite</i> or soda feldspar; also intermediate between the last two species, <i>labradorite</i>, <i>andesine</i>, <i>oligoclase</i>, containing both lime and soda in varying amounts. The feldspars are essential constituents of nearly all crystalline rocks, as granite, gneiss, mica, slate, most kinds of basalt and trachyte, etc. The decomposition of feldspar has yielded a large part of the clay of the soil, also the mineral kaolin, an essential material in the making of fine pottery. Common feldspar is itself largely used for the same purpose.</note>

<h1>Feldspathic, Feldspathose</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw><hw>Feld*spath"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Feld*spath"ose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or consisting of, feldspar.</def>

<h1>Fele</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fela</ets>, <ets>feola</ets>; akin to G. <ets>viel</ets>, gr. <?/. See <er>Full</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Many.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fe-licify</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fe-lic"ify</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>felix</ets> happy = <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make happy; to felicitate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Quarles.</i>

<h1>Felici-tate</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fe*lic"i-tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>felicitatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>felicitare</ets> to felicitate, fr. <ets>felix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, happy. See <er>felicity</er>.]</ety> <def>Made very happy.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>I am alone <b>felicitate</b>
In your dear highness' love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Felicitate</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fe*lic"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Felicitated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>felicitating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>f\'82liciter</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make very happy; to delight.</def>

<blockquote>What a glorius entertainment and pleasure would fill and <b>felicitate</b> his spirit.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To express joy or pleasure to; to wish felicity to; to call or consider (one's self) happy; to congratulate.</def>

<blockquote>Every true heart must <b>felicitate</b> itself that its lot is cast in this kingdom.
<i>W. Howitt.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Congratulate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Felicitation</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fe*lic`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>f\'82licitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of felicitating; a wishing of joy or happiness; congratulation.</def>

<h1>Felicitous</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fe*lic"i*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by felicity; happy; prosperous; delightful; skilful; successful; happily applied or expressed; appropriate.</def>

<blockquote><b>Felicitous</b> words and images.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fe*lic"i*tous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fe*lic"i*tous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Felicity</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fe*lic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Felicities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>felicite</ets>, F. <ets>f\'82licit\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>felicitas</ets>, fr. <ets>felix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, happy, fruitful; akin to <ets>fetus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being happy; blessedness; blissfulness; enjoyment of good.</def>

<blockquote>Our own <b>felicity</b> we make or find.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Finally, after this life, to attain everlasting joy and <b>felicity</b>.
<i>Book of Common Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which promotes happiness; a successful or gratifying event; prosperity; blessing.</def>

<blockquote>the <b>felicities</b> of her wonderful reign.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pleasing faculty or accomplishment; <as>as, <ex>felicity</ex> in painting portraits, or in writing or talking</as>.</def> "<i>Felicity</i> of expression."

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Happiness; bliss; beatitude; blessedness; blissfulness. See <er>Happiness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Feline</h1>
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<hw>Fe"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>felinus</ets>, fr. <ets>feles</ets>, <ets>felis</ets>, cat, prob. orig., the fruitful: cf. F. <ets>f\'82lin</ets>. See <er>Fetus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Catlike; of or pertaining to the genus Felis, or family <spn>Felid\'91</spn>; <as>as, the <ex>feline</ex> race; <ex>feline</ex> voracity.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characteristic of cats; sly; stealthy; treacherous; <as>as, a <ex>feline</ex> nature; <ex>feline</ex> manners.</as></def>

<h1>Felis</h1>
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<hw>Fe"lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., cat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of carnivorous mammals, including the domestic cat, the lion, tiger, panther, and similar animals.</def>

<h1>Fell</h1>
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<hw>Fell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Fall</er>.</def>

<h1>Fell</h1>
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<hw>Fell</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fel</ets>, OF. <ets>fel</ets> cruel, fierce, perfidious; cf. AS. <ets>fel</ets> (only in comp.) OF. <ets>fel</ets>, as a noun also accus. <ets>felon</ets>, is fr. LL. <ets>felo</ets>, of unknown origin; cf. Arm <ets>fall</ets> evil, Ir. <ets>feal</ets>, Arm. <ets>falloni</ets> treachery, Ir. & Gael. <ets>feall</ets> to betray; or cf. OHG. <ets>fillan</ets> to flay, torment, akin to E. <ets>fell</ets> skin. Cf. <er>Felon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cruel; barbarous; inhuman; fierce; savage; ravenous.</def>

<blockquote>While we devise <b>fell</b> tortures for thy faults.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Eager; earnest; intent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I am so <b>fell</b> to my business.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fell</h1>
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<hw>Fell</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>fel</ets> gall, bile, or E. <ets>fell</ets>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Gall; anger; melancholy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Untroubled of vile fear or bitter <b>fell</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fell</h1>
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<hw>Fell</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fell</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vel</ets>, OHG. <ets>fel</ets>, G. <ets>fell</ets>, Icel. <ets>fell</ets> (in comp.), Goth <ets>fill</ets> in \'edruts<ets>fill</ets> leprosy, L. <ets>pellis</ets> skin, G. <?/. Cf. <er>Film</er>, <er>Peel</er>, <er>Pell</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A skin or hide of a beast with the wool or hair on; a pelt; -- used chiefly in composition, as wool<i>fell</i>.</def>

<blockquote>We are still handling our ewes, and their <b>fells</b>, you know, are greasy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fell</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>fell</ets>, <ets>fjally</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>fj\'84ll</ets> a ridge or chain of mountains, Dan. <ets>fjeld</ets> mountain, rock and prob. to G. <ets>fels</ets> rock, or perh. to <ets>feld</ets> field, E. <ets>field</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A barren or rocky hill.</def>

<i>T. Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wild field; a moor.</def>

<i>Dryton.</i>

<h1>Fell</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fell</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Felled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Felling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>fellan</ets>, a causative verb fr. <ets>feallan</ets> to fall; akin to D. <ets>vellen</ets>, G. <ets>f\'84llen</ets>, Icel. <ets>fella</ets>, Sw. <ets>f\'84lla</ets>, Dan. <ets>f\'91lde</ets>. See <er>Fall</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>To cause to fall; to prostrate; to bring down or to the ground; to cut down.</def>

<blockquote>Stand, or I'll <b>fell</b> thee down.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fell</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fell</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The finer portions of ore which go through the meshes, when the ore is sorted by sifting.</def>

<h1>Fell</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fell</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gael. <ets>fill</ets> to fold, plait, Sw. <ets>f\'86ll</ets> a hem.]</ety> <def>To sew or hem; -- said of seams.</def>

<h1>Fell</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fell</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Sewing)</fld> <def>A form of seam joining two pieces of cloth, the edges being folded together and the stitches taken through both thicknesses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>The end of a web, formed by the last thread of the weft.</def>

<h1>Fellable</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fell"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fit to be felled.</def>

<h1>Fellah</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fel"lah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. Ar. <plw>Fellahin</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Fellahs</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Ar.]</ety> <def>A peasant or cultivator of the soil among the Egyptians, Syrians, etc.</def>

<i>W. M. Thomson.</i>

<h1>Feller</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fell"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, fells, knocks or cuts down; a machine for felling trees.</def>

<h1>Feller</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fell"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An appliance to a sewing machine for felling a seam.</def>

<h1>Felltare</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fell"tare`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>fealafor</ets>, and E. <ets>fieldfare</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fieldfare.</def>

<h1>Fel-liflu-ous</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fel-lif"lu-ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fellifuus</ets>; <ets>fel</ets> gall + <ets>fluere</ets> to flow.]</ety> <def>Flowing with gall.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Fellinic</h1>
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<hw>Fel*lin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fel</ets>, <ets>fellis</ets>, gall.]</ety> <def>Of, relating to, or derived from, bile or gall; <as>as, <ex>fellinic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Fellmonger</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fell"mon`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dealer in fells or sheepskins, who separates the wool from the pelts.</def>

<h1>Fellness</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fell"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fell</er> cruel.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being fell or cruel; fierce barbarity.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Felloe</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fel"loe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Felly</er>.</def>

<h1>Fellon</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fel"lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Variant of <er>Felon</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Those two were foes the <b>fellonest</b> on ground.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fellow</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fel"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>felawe</ets>, <ets>felaghe</ets>, Icel. <ets>f\'c7lagi</ets>, fr. <ets>f\'c7lag</ets> companionship, prop., a laying together of property; <ets>f\'c7</ets> property + <ets>lag</ets> a laying, pl. <ets>l\'94g</ets> law, akin to <ets>liggja</ets> to lie. See <er>Fee</er>, and <er>Law</er>, <er>Lie</er> to be low.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A companion; a comrade; an associate; a partner; a sharer.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>fellows</b> of his crime.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We are <b>fellows</b> still,
Serving alike in sorrow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That enormous engine was flanked by two <b>fellows</b> almost of equal magnitude.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Commonly used of men, but sometimes of women.</note>

<i>Judges xi. 37.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A man without good breeding or worth; an ignoble or mean man.</def>

<blockquote>Worth makes the man, and want of it, the <b>fellow</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An equal in power, rank, character, etc.</def>

<blockquote>It is impossible that ever Rome
Should breed thy <b>fellow</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One of a pair, or of two things used together or suited to each other; a mate; the male.</def>

<blockquote>When they be but heifers of one year, . . . they are let go to the <b>fellow</b> and breed.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This was my glove; here is the <b>fellow</b> of it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A person; an individual.</def>

<blockquote>She seemed to be a good sort of <b>fellow</b>.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>In the English universities, a scholar who is appointed to a foundation called a <i>fellowship</i>, which gives a title to certain perquisites and privileges.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>In an American college or university, a member of the corporation which manages its business interests; also, a graduate appointed to a fellowship, who receives the income of the foundation.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A member of a literary or scientific society; <as>as, a <ex>Fellow</ex> of the Royal Society</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Fellow</i> is often used in compound words, or adjectively, signifying <i>associate</i>, <i>companion</i>, or sometimes <i>equal</i>. Usually, such compounds or phrases are self-explanatory; as, <i>fellow</i>-citizen, or <i>fellow</i> citizen; <i>fellow</i>-student, or <i>fellow</i> student; <i>fellow</i>-workman, or <i>fellow</i> workman; <i>fellow</i>-mortal, or <i>fellow</i> mortal; <i>fellow</i>-sufferer; bed<i>fellow</i>; play<i>fellow</i>; work<i>fellow</i>.</note>

<blockquote>Were the great duke himself here, and would lift up
My head to <b>fellow</b> pomp amongst his nobles.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fellow</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fel"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To suit with; to pair with; to match.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fellow-commoner</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fel"low-com"mon*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A student at Cambridge University, England, who <i>commons</i>, or dines, at the Fellow's table.</def>

<h1>Fellow-creature</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fel"low-crea"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the same race or kind; one made by the same Creator.</def>

<blockquote>Reason, by which we are raised above our <b>fellow-creatures</b>, the brutes.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fellowfeel</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fel"low*feel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To share through sympathy; to participate in.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>D. Rodgers.</i>

<h1>Fellow-feeling</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fel"low-feel"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sympathy; a like feeling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Joint interest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Fellowless</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fel"low*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without fellow or equal; peerless.</def>

<blockquote>Whose well-built walls are rare and <b>fellowless</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fellowlike</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fel"low*like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a companion; companionable; on equal terms; sympathetic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Fellowly</h1>
<Xpage=550>

<hw>Fel"low*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fellowlike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<hr>
<page="551">
Page 551<p>

<h1>Fellowship</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fel"low*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Fellow + -ship.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or relation of being or associate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Companionship of persons on equal and friendly terms; frequent and familiar intercourse.</def>

<blockquote>In a great town, friends are scattered, so that there is not that <b>fellowship</b> which is in less neighborhods.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Men are made for society and mutual <b>fellowship</b>.
<i>Calamy.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="551">
Page 551<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A state of being together; companionship; partnership; association; hence, confederation; joint interest.</def>

<blockquote>The great contention of the sea and skies
Parted our <b>fellowship</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Fellowship</b> in pain divides not smart.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Fellowship<b> in woe doth woe assuage.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The goodliest <b>fellowship</b> of famous knights,
Whereof this world holds record.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Those associated with one, as in a family, or a society; a company.</def>

<blockquote>The sorrow of Noah with his <b>fellowship</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With that a joyous <b>fellowship</b> issued
Of minstrels.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>(Eng. & Amer. Universities) A foundation for the maintenance, on certain conditions, of a scholar called a fellow, who usually resides at the university.</def>
<-- why "foundation"? stipend is more accurate now.  This use is sense 4 of this dictionary, an "endowment" -->

<p><b>6.</b> <def>(Arith.) The rule for dividing profit and loss among partners; -- called also partnership, company, and distributive proportion.</def>

<h1>Good fellowship</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Good fellowship</hw><def>, companionableness; the spirit and disposition befitting comrades.</def>

<blockquote>There's neither honesty, manhood, nor good <b>fellowship</b> in thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fellowship</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fel"low*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fellowshiped</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt>. <er>Fellowshiping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>(Eccl.) To acknowledge as of good standing, or in communion according to standards of faith and practice; to admit to Christian fellowship.</def>

<h1>Felly</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fel"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, adv. In a fell or cruel manner; fiercely; barbarously; savagely.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Felly</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fel"ly</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fellies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>feli</ets>, <ets>felwe</ets>, <ets>felow</ets>, AS. <ets>felg</ets>, <ets>felge</ets>; akin to D. <ets>velg</ets>, G. <ets>felge</ets>, OHG. <ets>felga</ets> felly (also, a harrow, but prob. a different word), Dan. <ets>felge</ets>.]</ety> <def>The exterior wooden rim, or a segment of the rim, of a wheel, supported by the spokes.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>felloe</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Break all the spokes and <b>fellies</b> from her wheel.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Felo-de-se</h1>
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<hw>Fe"lo-de-se`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Felos-de-se</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>felo</ets>, E. <ets>felon</ets> + <ets>de</ets> of, concerning + <ets>se</ets> self.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who deliberately puts an end to his own existence, or loses his life while engaged in the commission of an unlawful or malicious act; a suicide.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Felon</h1>
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<hw>Fel"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE., adj., cruel, <tt>n.</tt>, villain, ruffian, traitor, whitlow, F. <ets>f\'82lon</ets> traitor, in OF. also, villain, fr. LL. <ets>felo</ets>. See Fell, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person who has committed a felony.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person guilty or capable of heinous crime.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of whitlow; a painful imflammation of the periosteum of a finger, usually of the last joint.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Criminal; convict; malefactor; culprit.</syn>

<h1>Felon</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fel"on</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characteristic of a felon; malignant; fierce; malicious; cruel; traitorous; disloyal.</def>

<blockquote>Vain shows of love to vail his felon hate.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feloni-ous</h1>
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<hw>Fe*lo"ni-ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the quality of felony; malignant; malicious; villainous; traitorous; perfidious; in a legal sense, done with intent to commit a crime; <as>as, <ex>felonious</ex> homicide</as>.</def>

<blockquote>O thievish Night,
Why should'st thou, but for some <b>felonious</b> end,
In thy dark lantern thus close up the stars?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fe*lo"ni-ous-ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fe*lo"ni-ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Felonous</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fel"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>feloneus</ets>. Cf. <er>Felonious</er>.]</ety> <def>Wicked; felonious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Felonry</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fel"on*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A body of felons; specifically, the convict population of a penal colony.</def>

<i>Howitt.</i>

<h1>Felonwort</h1>
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<hw>Fel"on*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The bittersweet nightshade (<spn>Solanum Dulcamara</spn>). See <er>Bittersweet</er>.</def>

<h1>Felony</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fel"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Felonies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>felonie</ets> cruelty, OF. <ets>felonie</ets>, F. <ets>f\'82lonie</ets> treachery, malice. See <er>Felon</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>An act on the part of the vassal which cost him his fee by forfeiture.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(O.Eng.Law)</fld> <def>An offense which occasions a total forfeiture either lands or goods, or both, at the common law, and to which capital or other punishment may be added, according to the degree of guilt.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A heinous crime; especially, a crime punishable by death or imprisonment.</def>

<note>&hand; Forfeiture for crime having been generally abolished in the United States, the term <i>felony</i>, in American law, has lost this point of distinction; and its meaning, where not fixed by statute, is somewhat vague and undefined; generally, however, it is used to denote an offense of a high grade, punishable either capitally or by a term of imprisonment. In Massachusetts, by statute, any crime punishable by death or imprisonment in the state prison, and no other, is a <i>felony</i>; so in New York.  the tendency now is to obliterate the distinction between felonies and misdemeanors; and this has been done partially in England, and completely in some of the States of the Union. The distinction is purely arbitrary, and its entire abolition is only a question of time.</note>

<note>&hand; There is no lawyer who would undertake to tell what a <i>felony</i> is, otherwise than by enumerating the various kinds of offenses which are so called. originally, the word <i>felony</i> had a meaning: it denoted all offenses the penalty of which included forfeiture of goods; but subsequent acts of Parliament have declared various offenses to be felonies, without enjoining that penalty, and have taken away the penalty from others, which continue, nevertheless, to be called <i>felonies</i>, insomuch that the acts so called have now no property whatever in common, save that of being unlawful and purnishable.</note>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>To compound a felony</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>To compound a felony</hw><def>. See under <er>Compound</er>, <i>v. t.</i></def>

<h1>Felsite</h1>
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<hw>Fel"site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Feldspar</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A finegrained rock, flintlike in fracture, consisting essentially of orthoclase feldspar with occasional grains of quartz.</def>

<h1>Felsitic</h1>
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<hw>Fel*sit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>relating to, composed of, or containing, felsite.</def>

<h1>Felspar, Felspath</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fel"spar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fel"spath`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Feldspar</er>.</def>

<h1>Felspathic</h1>
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<hw>Fel*spath"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Feldspathic</er>.</def>

<h1>Felstone</h1>
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<hw>Fel"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From G. <ets>feldstein</ets>, in analogy with E. <ets>fel</ets>spar.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Felsite</er>.</def>

<h1>Felt</h1>
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<hw>Felt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p. &or; a.</tt> from <er>Feel</er>.</def>

<h1>Felt</h1>
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<hw>Felt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>felt</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vilt</ets>, G. <ets>filz</ets>, and possibly to Gr. <?/ hair or wool wrought into felt, L. <ets>pilus</ets> hair, <ets>pileus</ets> a felt cap or hat.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cloth or stuff made of matted fibers of wool, or wool and fur, fulled or wrought into a compact substance by rolling and pressure, with lees or size, without spinning or weaving.</def>

<blockquote>It were a delicate stratagem to shoe
A troop of horse with felt.
<i>Shak</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hat made of felt.</def>

<i>Thynne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A skin or hide; a fell; a pelt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To know whether sheep are sound or not, see that the <b>felt</b> be loose.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Felt grain</h1>
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<hw>Felt grain</hw><def>, the grain of timber which is transverse to the annular rings or plates; the direction of the medullary rays in oak and some other timber.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Felt</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Felt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Felted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Felting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make into felt, or a feltike substance; to cause to adhere and mat together.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover with, or as with, felt; <as>as, to <ex>felt</ex> the cylinder of a steam emgine</as>.</def>

<h1>Felter</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Felt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To clot or mat together like felt.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>feltered</b> locks that on his bosom fell.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Felting</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Felt"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The material of which felt is made; also, felted cloth; also, the process by which it is made.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of splitting timber by the felt grain.</def>

<h1>Feltry</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fel"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>feltre</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Felt</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Felucca</h1>
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<hw>Fe*luc"ca</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>feluca</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>faluca</ets>, Pg. <ets>falua</ets>), fr. Ar. <ets>fulk</ets> ship, or <ets>harr\'beqah</ets> a sort of ship.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small, swift-sailing vessel, propelled by oars and lateen sails, -- once common in the Mediterranean</def>. <note>Sometimes it is constructed so that the helm may be used at either end.</note>

<h1>Felwort</h1>
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<hw>Fel"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Probably a corruption of <ets>fieldwort</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A European herb (<spn>Swertia perennis</spn>) of the Gentian family.</def>

<h1>Female</h1>
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<hw>Fe"male</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>femel</ets>, <ets>femal</ets>, F. <ets>femelle</ets>, fr. L. <ets>femella</ets>, dim. of <ets>femina</ets> woman. See <er>Feminine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An individual of the sex which conceives and brings forth young, or (in a wider sense) which has an ovary and produces ova.</def>

<blockquote>The male and <b>female</b> of each living thing.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant which produces only that kind of reproductive organs which are capable of developing into fruit after impregnation or fertilization; a pistillate plant.</def>

<h1>Female</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fe"male</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to the sex which conceives and gives birth to young, or (in a wider sense) which produces ova; not male.</def>

<blockquote>As patient as the <b>female</b> dove
When that her golden couplets are disclosed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Belonging to an individual of the female sex; characteristic of woman; feminine; <as>as, <ex>female</ex> tenderness</as>.</def> "<b>Female</b> usurpation.'b8

<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To the generous decision of a <b>female</b> mind, we owe the discovery of America.
<i>Belknap.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having pistils and no stamens; pistillate; or, in cryptogamous plants, capable of receiving fertilization.</def>

<h1>Female rhymes</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Female rhymes</hw> <fld>(Pros.)</fld>, <def>double rhymes, or rhymes (called in French <i>feminine</i> rhymes because they end in <i>e</i> weak, or <i>feminine</i>) in which two syllables, an accented and an unaccented one, correspond at the end of each line.</def>

<note>&hand; A rhyme, in which the final syllables only agree (<i>strain</i>, <i>complain</i>) is called a male rhyme; one in which the two final syllables of each verse agree, the last being short (<i>motion</i>, <i>ocean</i>), is called <i>female</i>.</note>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Female screw</wf>, the spiral-threaded cavity into which another, or male, screw turns.</wordforms>

<i>Nicholson.</i>

<h1>Female fern</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Female fern</hw> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <def>a common species of fern with large decompound fronds (<spn>Asplenium Filixf\'91mina</spn>), growing in many countries; lady fern</def>.

<note>&hand; The names <i>male fern</i> and <i>female fern</i> were anciently given to two common ferns; but it is now understood that neither has any sexual character.</note>




<syn>Syn. -- <er>Female</er>, <er>Feminine</er>.</syn> <usage> We apply <i>female</i> to the sex or individual, as opposed to <i>male</i>; also, to the distinctive belongings of women; as, <i>female</i> dress, <i>female</i> form, <i>female</i> character, etc.; <i>feminine</i>, to things appropriate to, or affected by, women; as, <i>feminine</i> studies, employments, accomplishments, etc. "<i>Female</i> applies to sex rather than gender, and is a physiological rather than a grammatical term. <i>Feminine</i> applies to gender rather than sex, and is grammatical rather than physiological."</usage>

<i>Latham.</i>

<h1>Femal-ist</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fe"mal-ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gallant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Courting her smoothly like a <b>femalist</b>.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Femal-ize</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fe"mal-ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make, or to describe as, female or feminine.</def>

<i>Shaftesbury.</i>

<h1>Feme</h1>
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<hw>Feme</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>feme</ets>, F. femme.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>A woman.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<cs><col>Feme covert</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a married woman.</cd> See <er>Covert</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 3. -- <col>Feme sole</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a single or unmarried woman; a woman who has never been married, or who has been divorced, or whose husband is dead.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Feme sole</col> <col>trader &or; merchant</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a married woman, by the custom of London, engages in business on her own account, inpendently of her husband.</cd></cs>

<h1>Femeral</h1>
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<hw>Fem"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Femerell</er>.</def>

<h1>Femer-ell</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fem"er-ell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>fumeraille</ets> part of a chimney. See <er>Fume</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A lantern, or louver covering, placed on a roof, for ventilation or escape of smoke.</def>

<h1>Femi-nal</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fem"i-nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Feminine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>West.</i>

<h1>Feminality</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fem`i*nal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Feminity.</def>

<h1>Femi-nate</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fem"i-nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>feminatus</ets> effeminate.]</ety> <def>Feminine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Femi-nei-ty</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fem`i-ne"i-ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>femineus</ets> womanly.]</ety> <def>Womanliness; femininity.</def>

<i>C. Read<?/.</i>

<h1>Feminine</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fem"i*nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>femininus</ets>, fr. <ets>femina</ets> woman; prob. akin to L. <ets>fetus</ets>, or to Gr. <?/ to suck, <?/ to suckle, Skr. dh\'be to suck; cf. AS. <ets>f\'d6mme</ets> woman, maid: cf. F. <ets>f\'82minin</ets>. See <er>Fetus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a woman, or to women; characteristic of a woman; womanish; womanly.</def>

<blockquote>Her letters are remarkably deficient in <b>feminine</b> ease and grace.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the qualities of a woman; becoming or appropriate to the female sex; as, in a good sense, modest, graceful, affectionate, confiding; or, in a bad sense, weak, nerveless, timid, pleasure-loving, effeminate.</def>

<blockquote>Her heavenly form
Angelic, but more soft and <b>feminine</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ninus being esteemed no man of war at all, but altogether <b>feminine</b>, and subject to ease and delicacy.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feminine rhyme</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Feminine rhyme</hw>. <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Female rhyme</cref>, under <er>Female</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Female</er>, <tt>a.</tt></syn>

<h1>Feminine</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fem"i*nine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A woman.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>They guide the <b>feminines</b> toward the palace.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Any one of those words which are the appellations of females, or which have the terminations usually found in such words; as, <i>actress</i>, <i>songstress</i>, <i>abbess</i>, <i>executrix</i>.</def>

<blockquote>There are but few true <b>feminines</b> in English.
<i>Latham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Femininely</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fem"i*nine*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a feminine manner.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Feminineness</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fem"i*nine*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being feminine; womanliness; womanishness.</def>

<h1>Femininity</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fem`i*nin"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or nature of the female sex; womanliness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The female form.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>O serpent under <b>femininitee</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feminity</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fe*min"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Womanliness; femininity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Trained up in true <b>feminity</b>."

<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feminization</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fem`i*ni*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of feminizing, or the state of being feminized.</def>

<h1>Feminize</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fem"i*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>f\'82miniser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make womanish or effeminate.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Feminye</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fem"i*nye</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>femenie</ets>, <ets>feminie</ets>, the female sex, realm of women.]</ety> <def>The people called Amazons.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "[The reign of] <i>feminye</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Femme</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Femme</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A woman. See <er>Feme</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Femme de chambre</col> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <cd>A lady's maid; a chambermaid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Femoral</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fem"o*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>femur</ets>, <ets>femoris</ets>, thigh: cf. F. <ets>f\'82moral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the femur or thigh; <as>as, the <ex>femoral</ex> artery</as>.</def> "<i>Femoral</i> habiliments." <i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Femur</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fe"mur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Femora</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. thigh.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The thigh bone</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The proximal segment of the hind limb containing the thigh bone; the thigh. See <er>Coxa</er>.</def>

<h1>Fen</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fen</ets>, <ets>fenn</ets>, marsh, mud, dirt; akin to D. <ets>veen</ets>, OFries. <ets>fenne</ets>, <ets>fene</ets>, OHG. <ets>fenna</ets>, G. <ets>fenn</ets>, Icel. <ets>fen</ets>, Goth. <ets>fani</ets> mud.]</ety> <def>Low land overflowed, or covered wholly or partially with water, but producing sedge, coarse grasses, or other aquatic plants; boggy land; moor; marsh.</def>

<blockquote>'Mid reedy <b>fens</b> wide spread.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Fen is used adjectively with the sense of <i>belonging to</i>, or <i>of the nature of</i>, <i>a fen</i> or <i>fens</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Fen boat</col>, <cd>a boat of light draught used in marshes.</cd> -- <col>Fen duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a wild duck inhabiting fens; the shoveler.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Fen fowl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any water fowl that frequent fens.</cd> -- <col>Fen goose</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the graylag goose of Europe.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Fen land</col>, <cd>swamp land.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fence</h1>
<Xpage=551>

<hw>Fence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. from defence.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which fends off attack or danger; a defense; a protection; a cover; security; shield.</def>

<blockquote>Let us be backed with God and with the seas,
Which he hath given for <b>fence</b> impregnable.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>fence</b> betwixt us and the victor's wrath.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inclosure about a field or other space, or about any object; especially, an inclosing structure of wood, iron, or other material, intended to prevent intrusion from without or straying from within.</def>

<blockquote>Leaps o'er the <b>fence</b> with ease into the fold.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In England a hedge, ditch, or wall, as well as a structure of boards, palings, or rails, is called a <i>fence</i>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Locks)</fld> <def>A projection on the bolt, which passes through the tumbler gates in locking and unlocking.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Self-defense by the use of the sword; the art and practice of fencing and sword play; hence, skill in debate and repartee. See <er>Fencing</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Enjoy your dear wit, and gay rhetoric,
That hath so well been taught her dazzing <b>fence</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Of dauntless courage and consummate skill in <b>fence</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A receiver of stolen goods, or a place where they are received.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Mayhew.</i>

<h1>Fence month</h1>
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<hw>Fence month</hw> <fld>(Forest Law)</fld>, <def>the month in which female deer are fawning, when hunting is prohibited.</def>

<i>Bullokar.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fence roof</wf>, a covering for defense. "They fitted their shields close to one another in manner of a fence roof."</wordforms>

<i>Holland.</i>

<cs><col>Fence time</col>, <cd>the breeding time of fish or game, when they should not be killed.</cd> -- <col>Rail fence</col>, <cd>a fence made of rails, sometimes supported by posts.</cd> -- <col>Ring fence</col>, <cd>a fence which encircles a large area, or a whole estate, within one inclosure.</cd> -- <col>Worm fence</col>, <cd>a zigzag fence composed of rails crossing one another at their ends; -- called also <altname>snake fence</altname>, or <altname>Virginia rail fence</altname>.</cd> -- <col>To be on the fence</col>, <cd>to be undecided or uncommitted in respect to two opposing parties or policies. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="552">
Page 552<p>

<h1>Fence</h1>
<Xpage=552>

<hw>Fence</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p. Fenced (<?/); p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fencing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fend off danger from; to give security to; to protect; to guard.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>fence</b> my ear against thy sorceries.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inclose with a fence or other protection; to secure by an inclosure.</def>

<blockquote>O thou wall! . . . dive in the earth,
And <b>fence</b> not Athens.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A sheepcote <b>fenced</b> about with olive trees.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To fence the tables</col> <fld>(Scot. Church)</fld>, <cd>to make a solemn address to those who present themselves to commune at the Lord's supper, on the feelings appropriate to the service, in order to hinder, so far as possible, those who are unworthy from approaching the table.</cd> <i>McCheyne.</i></cs>

<h1>Fence</h1>
<Xpage=552>

<hw>Fence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a defense; to guard one's self of anything, as against an attack; to give protection or security, as by a fence.</def>

<blockquote>Vice is the more stubborn as well as the more dangerous evil, and therefore, in the first place, to be <b>fenced</b> against.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To practice the art of attack and defense with the sword or with the foil, esp. with the smallsword, using the point only.</def>

<blockquote>He will <b>fence</b> with his own shadow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, to fight or dispute in the manner of fencers, that is, by thrusting, guarding, parrying, etc.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>fence</b> and push, and, pushing, loudly roar;
Their dewlaps and their sides are bat<?/ed in gore.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As when a billow, blown against,
Falls back, the voice with which I <b>fenced</b>
A little ceased, but recommenced.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fenceful</h1>
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<hw>Fence"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affording defense; defensive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Congreve.</i>

<h1>Fenceless</h1>
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<hw>Fence"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a fence; uninclosed; open; unguarded; defenseless.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Fencer</h1>
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<hw>Fen"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fences; one who teaches or practices the art of fencing with sword or foil.</def>

<blockquote>As blunt as the <b>fencer's</b> foils.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fenci-ble</h1>
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<hw>Fen"ci-ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being defended, or of making or affording defense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>No fort so <b>fencible</b>, nor walls so strong.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fencible</h1>
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<hw>Fen"ci*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A soldier enlisted for home service only; -- usually in the <pluf>pl.</pluf></def>

<h1>Fencing</h1>
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<hw>Fen"cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or practice of attack and defense with the sword, esp. with the s,allword. See <er>Fence</er>, <i>v. i.</i>, 2.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disputing or debating in a manner resembling the art of fencers.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The materials used for building fences.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of building a fence.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To aggregate of the fences put up for inclosure or protection; <as>as, the <ex>fencing</ex> of a farm</as>.</def>

<h1>Fen cricket</h1>
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<hw>Fen" crick`et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The mole cricket.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Fend</h1>
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<hw>Fend</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fiend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fend</h1>
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<hw>Fend</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>defend</ets>.]</ety> <def>To keep off; to prevent from entering or hitting; to ward off; to shut out; -- often with <i>off</i>; <as>as, to <ex>fend</ex> off blows</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With fern beneath to <b>fend</b> the bitter cold.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To fend off a</col> <col>boat &or; vessel</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to prevent its running against anything with too much violence.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fend</h1>
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<hw>Fend</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act on the defensive, or in opposition; to resist; to parry; to shift off.</def>

<blockquote>The dexterous management of terms, and being able to <b>fend</b> . . . with them, passes for a great part of learning.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fender</h1>
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<hw>Fen"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fend</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> & <ets>i</ets>., cf. <er>Defender</er>.]</ety> <def>One who or that which defends or protects by warding off harm</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A screen to prevent coals or sparks of an open fire from escaping to the floor</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Anything serving as a cushion to lessen the shock when a vessel comes in contact with another vessel or a wharf</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A screen to protect a carriage from mud thrown off the wheels: also, a splashboard</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Anything set up to protect an exposed angle, as of a house, from damage by carriage wheels.</def>

<h1>Fendliche</h1>
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<hw>Fend"liche</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fiendlike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fenerate</h1>
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<hw>Fen"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>faeneratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>faenerari</ets> lend on interest, fr. <ets>faenus</ets> interest.]</ety> <def>To put money to usury; to lend on interest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Feneration</h1>
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<hw>Fen`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>faeneratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of fenerating; interest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Fenes-tella</h1>
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<hw>Fen`es-tel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>fenestra</ets> <?/ window.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Any small windowlike opening or recess, esp. one to show the relics within an altar, or the like.</def>

<h1>Fenestra</h1>
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<hw>Fe*nes"tra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fenestr\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a window.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A small opening; esp., one of the apertures, closed by membranes, between the tympanum and internal ear.</def>

<h1>Fenestral</h1>
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<hw>Fe*nes"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fenestra</ets> a window.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a window or to windows.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a fenestra.</def>

<h1>Fenestral</h1>
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<hw>Fe*nes"tral</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A casement or window sash, closed with cloth or paper instead of glass.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Fenestrate</h1>
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<hw>Fe*nes"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fenestratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>fenestrare</ets> to furnish with openings and windows.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having numerous openings; irregularly reticulated; <as>as, <ex>fenestrate</ex> membranes; <ex>fenestrate</ex> fronds.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having transparent spots, as the wings of certain butterflies.</def>

<h1>Fenestrated</h1>
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<hw>Fe*nes"tra*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Having windows; characterized by windows.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Same as <er>Fenestrate</er>.</def>

<h1>Fenestration</h1>
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<hw>Fen`es*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The arrangement and proportioning of windows; -- used by modern writers for the decorating of an architectural composition by means of the window (and door) openings, their ornaments, and proportions.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The state or condition of being fenestrated.</def>

<h1>Fenestrule</h1>
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<hw>Fe*nes"trule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fenestrula</ets> a little window, dim. of <ets>fenestra</ets> a window.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the openings in a fenestrated structure.</def>

<h1>Fengite</h1>
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<hw>Fen"gite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A kind of marble or alabaster, sometimes used for windows on account of its transparency.</def>

<h1>Fenian</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the <ets>Finians</ets> or <ets>Fenii</ets>, the old militia of Ireland, who were so called from <ets>Fin</ets> or <ets>Finn</ets>, <ets>Fionn</ets>, or <ets>Fingal</ets>, a popular hero of Irish traditional history.]</ety> <def>A member of a secret organization, consisting mainly of Irishment, having for its aim the overthrow of English rule in ireland.</def>

<h1>Feni-an</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ni-an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Fenians or to Fenianism.</def>

<h1>Fenianism</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ni*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles, purposes, and methods of the Fenians.</def>

<h1>Fenks</h1>
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<hw>Fenks</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The refuse whale blubber, used as a manure, and in the manufacture of Prussian blue.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Fennec</h1>
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<hw>Fen"nec</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>fanek</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, African, foxlike animal (<spn>Vulpes zerda</spn>) of a pale fawn color, remarkable for the large size of its ears.</def>

<h1>Fennel</h1>
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<hw>Fen"nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fenol</ets>, <ets>finol</ets>, from L. <ets>feniculum</ets>, <ets>faeniculum</ets>, dim. of <ets>fenum</ets>, <ets>faenum</ets>, hay: cf. F. <ets>fenouil</ets>. Cf. <er>Fenugreek</er>. <er>Finochio</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial plant of the genus <spn>F\'91niculum</spn> (<spn>F.vulgare</spn>), having very finely divided leaves. It is cultivated in gardens for the agreeable aromatic flavor of its seeds.</def>

<blockquote>Smell of sweetest <b>fennel</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A sprig of <b>fennel</b> was in fact the theological smelling bottle of the tender sex.
<i>S. G. Goodrich.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Azorean, &or; Sweet</col>, <col>fennel</col></mcol>, <cd>(<spn>F\'91niculum dulce</spn>). It is a smaller and stouter plant than the common fennel, and is used as a pot herb.</cd> -- <col>Dog's fennel</col> <cd>(<spn>Anthemis Cotula</spn>), a foul-smelling European weed; -- called also <altname>mayweed</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Fennel flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an herb (<spn>Nigella</spn>) of the Buttercup family, having leaves finely divided, like those of the fennel. <spn>N.Damascena</spn> is common in gardens. <spn>N.sativa</spn> furnishes the fennel seed, used as a condiment, etc., in India. These seeds are the "fitches" mentioned in Isaiah (xxviii. 25).</cd> -- <col>Fennel water</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the distilled water of fennel seed. It is stimulant and carminative.</cd> -- <col>Giant fennel</col> <cd>(<spn>Ferula communis</spn>), has stems full of pith, which, it is said, were used to carry fire, first, by Prometheus.</cd> -- <col>Hog's fennel</col>, <cd>a European plant (<spn>Peucedanum officinale</spn>) looking something like fennel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fennish</h1>
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<hw>Fen"nish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding in fens; fenny.</def>

<h1>Fenny</h1>
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<hw>Fen"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fennig</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or inhabiting, a fen; abounding in fens; swampy; boggy.</def> "<i>Fenny</i> snake."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fenowed</h1>
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<hw>Fen"owed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fynig</ets> musty, <ets>fynegean</ets> to become musty or filthy: cf. <ets>fennig</ets> fenny, muddy, dirty, fr. <ets>fen</ets> fen. Cf. <er>Finew</er>.]</ety> <def>Corrupted; decayed; moldy. See <er>Vinnewed</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. Favour.</i>

<h1>Fensi-ble</h1>
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<hw>Fen"si-ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fencible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Fen-sucked</h1>
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<hw>Fen"-sucked`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sucked out of marches.</def> "<i>Fen-sucked</i> fogs."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fenugreek</h1>
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<hw>Fen"u*greek</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>faenum Graecum</ets>, lit., Greek hay: cf. F. <ets>fenugrec</ets>. Cf. <er>Fennel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>trigonella F\'d2num Gr\'91cum</spn>) cultivated for its strong-smelling seeds, which are</def> "now only used for giving false importance to horse medicine and damaged hay." <rj><i>J. Smith (Pop. Names of Plants, 1881).</i></rj>

<h1>Feod</h1>
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<hw>Feod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A feud. See 2d <er>Feud</er>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Feodal</h1>
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<hw>Feod"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Feudal. See <er>Feudal</er>.</def>

<h1>Feodality</h1>
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<hw>Feo*dal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Feudal tenure; the feudal system. See <er>Feudality</er>.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Feodary</h1>
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<hw>Feod"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An accomplice.</def>

<blockquote>Art thou a <b>feodary</b> for this act?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>An ancient officer of the court of wards.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Feodatory</h1>
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<hw>Feod"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Feudatory</er>.</def>

<h1>Feoff</h1>
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<hw>Feoff</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt><def>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Feoffed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt>. <er>Feoffing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>feffen</ets>, OF. <ets>feffer</ets>, <ets>fieffer</ets>, F. <ets>fieffer</ets>, fr. <ets>fief</ets> fief; cf. LL. <ets>feoffare</ets>, <ets>fefare</ets>. See <er>Fief</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To invest with a fee or feud; to give or grant a corporeal hereditament to; to enfeoff.</def>

<h1>Feoff</h1>
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<hw>Feoff</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A fief. See <er>Fief</er>.</def>

<h1>Feoffee</h1>
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<hw>Feof*fee"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>feoff\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person to whom a feoffment is made; the person enfeoffed.</def>

<h1>Feoffment</h1>
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<hw>Feoff"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>feoffement</ets>, <ets>fieffement</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>feoffamentum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The grant of a feud or fee</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A gift or conveyance in fee of land or other corporeal hereditaments, accompanied by actual delivery of possession.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The instrument or deed by which corporeal hereditaments are conveyed</def>. <mark>[Obs. in the U.S., Rare in Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Feofor, Feoffer</h1>
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<hw><hw>Feo"for</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Feof"fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>feoour</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who enfeoffs or grants a fee.</def>

<h1>Fer</h1>
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<hw>Fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Far.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Feracious</h1>
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<hw>Fe*ra"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ferax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, fr. <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Fruitful; producing abudantly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Feracity</h1>
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<hw>Fe*rac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>feracitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being feracious or fruitful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beattie.</i>

<h1>Fer\'91</h1>
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<hw>Fe"r\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., wild animals, fem. pl. of <ets>ferus</ets> wild.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of mammals which formerly included the Carnivora, Insectivora, Marsupialia, and lemurs, but is now often restricted to the Carnivora.</def>

<-- no pos in original = adv. -->
<h1>Fer\'91 natur\'91</h1>
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<hw>Fe"r\'91 na*tu"r\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Of a wild nature; -- applied to animals, as foxes, wild ducks, etc., in which no one can claim property.</def>

<h1>Feral</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ferus</ets>. See <er>Fierce</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Wild; untamed; ferine; not domesticated; -- said of beasts, birds, and plants.</def>
<-- also <col>feral child</col>, not raised by humans -->

<h1>Feral</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ral</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>feralis</ets>, belonging to the dead.]</ety> <def>Funereal; deadly; fatal; dangerous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Feral</i> accidents."

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Ferde</h1>
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<hw>Ferde</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Fare</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fer-de-lance</h1>
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<hw>Fer`-de-lance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., the iron of a lance, lance head.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, venomous serpent (<spn>Trigonocephalus lanceolatus</spn><-- now Bothrops atrox-->) of Brazil and the West Indies. It is allied to the rattlesnake, but has no rattle.</def>
<-- also in Central America. -->

<h1>Ferding</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Farthing</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure of land mentioned in Domesday Book. It is supposed to have consisted of a few acres only.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ferdness</h1>
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<hw>Ferd"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ferd</ets> fear. See <er>Fear</er>.]</ety> <def>Fearfulness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fere</h1>
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<hw>Fere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fere</ets> companion, AS. <ets>gef&emac;ra</ets>, from <ets>f&emac;ran</ets> to go, travel, <ets>faran</ets> to travel. &root;78. See <er>Fare</er>.]</ety> <def>A mate or companion; -- often used of a wife.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>fear</asp> and <asp>feere</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>And Cambel took Cambrina to his <b>fere</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>In fere</col>, <cd>together; in company. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fere</h1>
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<hw>Fere</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>ferus</ets> wild.]</ety> <def>Fierce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fere</h1>
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<hw>Fere</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fire</er>.]</ety> <def>Fire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fere</h1>
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<hw>Fere</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fear</er>.]</ety> <def>Fear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fere</h1>
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<hw>Fere</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To fear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Feretory</h1>
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<hw>Fer`e*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>feretrum</ets> bier, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to bear, akin to L. <ets>ferre</ets>, E. <ets>bear</ets> to support.]</ety> <def>A portable bier or shrine, variously adorned, used for containing relics of saints.</def>

<i>Mollett.</i>

<h1>Ferforth</h1>
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<hw>Fer"forth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Far forth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>As ferforth as</col>, <cd>as far as.</cd> -- <col>So ferforth</col>, <cd>to such a degree.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ferforthly</h1>
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<hw>Fer"forth`ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Ferforth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fergusonite</h1>
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<hw>Fer"gu*son*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a brownish black color, essentially a tantalo-niobate of yttrium, erbium, and cerium; -- so called after Robert <ets>Ferguson</ets>.</def>

<h1>Feria</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Feri\'91</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A week day, esp. a day which is neither a festival nor a fast.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Ferial</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Feria</er>.</def>

<h1>Ferial</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ri*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>ferialis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ferie</ets> holidays: cf. F. <ets>f\'82rial</ets>. See 5th <er>Fair</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to holidays.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Gregory.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Belonging to any week day, esp. to a day that is neither a festival nor a fast.</def>

<h1>Feriation</h1>
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<hw>Fe`ri*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>feriari</ets> to keep holiday, fr. <ets>ferie</ets> holidays.]</ety> <def>The act of keeping holiday; cessation from work.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Ferie</h1>
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<hw>Fe"rie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ferie</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ferie</ets> holidays. See 5th <er>Fair</er>.]</ety> <def>A holiday.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bullokar.</i>

<h1>Ferier</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ri*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>, <i>compar</i>. of <er>Fere</er>, fierce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Rhenus <b>ferier</b> than the cataract.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ferine</h1>
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<hw>Fe"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ferinus</ets>, fr. <ets>ferus</ets> wild. See <er>Fierce</er>.]</ety> <def>Wild; untamed; savage; <as>as, lions, tigers, wolves, and bears are <ex>ferine</ex> beasts</as>.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

-- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A wild beast; a beast of prey.</def></def2> -- <wordforms><wf>Fe"rine*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fe"rine*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Feringee</h1>
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<hw>Fer*in"gee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>Farang\'c6</ets>, or Ar. <ets>Firanj\'c6</ets>, properly, a Frank.]</ety> <def>The name given to Europeans by the Hindos.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Feringhee</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ferity</h1>
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<hw>Fer"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>feritas</ets>, from <ets>ferus</ets> wild.]</ety> <def>Wildness; savageness; fierceness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Ferly</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>f<?/rlic</ets> sudden, unexpected. See <er>Fear</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Singular; wonderful; extraordinary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A wonder; a marvel.</def></def2> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Who hearkened ever such a <b>ferly</b> thing.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fermacy</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ma*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. See <er>Pharmacy</er>.]</ety> <def>Medicine; pharmacy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ferm, Ferme</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ferm</hw>, <hw>Ferme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><hw><ety>[See <er>Farm</er>.]</ety> <def>Rent for a farm; a farm; also, an abode; a place of residence; <as>as, he let his land to <ex>ferm</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Out of her fleshy <b>ferme</b> fled to the place of pain.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ferment</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fermentum</ets> ferment (in senses 1 & 2), perh. for <ets>fervimentum</ets>, fr. <ets>fervere</ets> to be boiling hot, boil, ferment: cf. F. <ets>ferment</ets>. Cf. 1st <er>Barm</er>, <er>Fervent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which causes fermentation, as yeast, barm, or fermenting beer.</def>

<note>&hand; Ferments are of two kinds: (<stype>a</stype>) Formed or organized ferments. (<stype>b</stype>) Unorganized or structureless ferments. The latter are also called <stype>soluble &or; chemical ferments</stype>, and <stype>enzymes</stype>. Ferments of the first class are as a rule simple microscopic vegetable organisms, and the fermentations which they engender are due to their growth and development; as, the <stype>acetic ferment</stype>, the <stype>butyric ferment</stype>, etc. See <er>Fermentation</er>. Ferments of the second class, on the other hand, are chemical substances, as a rule soluble in glycerin and precipitated by alcohol. In action they are catalytic and, mainly, hydrolytic. Good examples are pepsin of the dastric juice, ptyalin of the salvia, and disease of malt. <-- by 1960 the term "ferment" to mean "enzyme" fell out of use.  Enzymes are now known to be <er>globular protein</er>s, capable of catalyzing a wide variety of chemical reactions, not merely hydrolytic.  The full set of enzymes causing production of ethyl alcohol from sugar has been identified and individually purified and studied.  See <er>enzyme</er> --></note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Intestine motion; heat; tumult; agitation.</def>

<blockquote>Subdue and cool the <b>ferment</b> of desire.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>the nation is in a <b>ferment</b>.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>
<-- <col>in a ferment</col> <cd>in a state of agitation, applied to human groups.</cd> -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A gentle internal motion of the constituent parts of a fluid; fermentation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Down to the lowest lees the <b>ferment</b> ran.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>ferment oils</col>, <cd>volatile oils produced by the fermentation of plants, and not originally contained in them. These were the <i>quintessences<i> of the alchenists.</cd></cs>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Ferment</h1>
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<hw>Fer*ment"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fermented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fermenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>fermentare</ets>, <ets>fermentatum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fermenter</ets>. See <er>Ferment</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To cause ferment of fermentation in; to set in motion; to excite internal emotion in; to heat.</def>

<blockquote>Ye vigorous swains! while youth <b>ferments</b> your blood.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ferment</h1>
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<hw>Fer*ment"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To undergo fermentation; to be in motion, or to be excited into sensible internal motion, as the constituent oarticles of an animal or vegetable fluid; to work; to effervesce.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be agitated or excited by violent emotions.</def>

<blockquote>But finding no redress, <b>ferment</b> an rage.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The intellect of the age was a <b>fermenting</b> intellect.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fermentability</h1>
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<hw>Fer*ment`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capability of fermentation.</def>

<h1>Fermentable</h1>
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<hw>Fer*ment"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fermentable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of fermentation; <as>as, cider and other vegetable liquors are <ex>fermentable</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Fermental</h1>
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<hw>Fer*ment"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fermentative.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="553">
Page 553<p>

<h1>Fermentation</h1>
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<hw>Fer`men*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fermentation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The process of undergoing an effervescent change, as by the action of yeast; in a wider sense <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>, the transformation of an organic substance into new compounds by the action of a ferment, either formed or unorganized. It differs in kind according to the nature of the ferment which causes it.</def>
<-- in industrial microbiology -- = the production of chemical substances by use of microorganisms -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of agitation or excitement, as of the intellect or the feelings.</def>

<blockquote>It puts the soul to <b>fermentation</b> and activity.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A univesal <b>fermentation</b> of human thought and faith.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Acetous, &or; Acetic</col>, <col>fermentation</col></mcol>, <cd>a form of oxidation in which alcohol is converted into vinegar or acetic acid by the agency of a specific fungus or ferment (<spn>Mycoderma aceti</spn>). The process involves two distinct reactions, in which the oxygen of the air is essential. An intermediate product, aldehyde, is formed in the first process.</cd>

<bold>1.</bold>
<chreact>C2H6O  +  O =  H2O  +  C2H4O</chreact>
<note> Alcohol.       Water.   Aldehyde.</note>

<bold>2.</bold>
<chreact>C2H4O   +  O =  C2H4O2</chreact>
<note> Aldehyde.       Acetic acid.</note></cs>

-- <col>Alcoholic fermentation</col>, <cd>the fermentation which saccharine bodies undergo when brought in contact with the yeast plant or Torula. The sugar is converted, either directly or indirectly, into alcohol and carbonic acid, the rate of action being dependent on the rapidity with which the Torul\'91 develop.</cd> -- <col>Ammoniacal fermentation</col>, <cd>the conversion of the urea of the urine into ammonium carbonate, through the growth of the special urea ferment.</cd>

<chreact>CON2H4 + 2H2O = (NH4)2CO3</chreact>
<note>    Urea.  Water.   Ammonium carbonate.</note>

<note>Whenever urine is exposed to the air in open vessels for several days it undergoes this alkaline fermentation.</note> -- <col>Butyric fermentation</col>, <cd>the decomposition of various forms of organic matter, through the agency of a peculiar worm-shaped vibrio, with formation of more or less butyric acid. It is one of the many forms of fermentation that collectively constitute putrefaction. See <cref>Lactic fermentation</cref>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fermentation by an</col> <col>unorganized ferment &or; <col>enzyme</col></mcol>. <cd>Fermentations of this class are purely chemical reactions, in which the ferment acts as a simple catalytic agent. Of this nature are the decomposition or inversion of cane sugar into levulose and dextrose by boiling with dilute acids, the conversion of starch into dextrin and sugar by similar treatment, the conversion of starch into like products by the action of diastase of malt or ptyalin of saliva, the conversion of albuminous food into peptones and other like products by the action of pepsin-hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice or by the ferment of the pancreatic juice.</cd> -- <col>Fermentation theory of disease</col> <fld>(Biol. & Med.)</fld>, <cd>the theory that most if not all, infectious or zymotic disease are caused by the introduction into the organism of the living germs of ferments, or ferments already developed (organized ferments), by which processes of fermentation are set up injurious to health. See <er>Germ theory</er>.</cd> -- <col>Glycerin fermentation</col>, <cd>the fermentation which occurs on mixing a dilute solution of glycerin with a peculiar species of schizomycetes and some carbonate of lime, and other matter favorable to the growth of the plant, the glycerin being changed into butyric acid, caproic acid, butyl, and ethyl alcohol. With another form of bacterium (<spn>Bacillus subtilis</spn>) ethyl alcohol and butyric acid are mainly formed.</cd> -- <col>Lactic fermentation</col>, <cd>the transformation of milk sugar or other saccharine body into lactic acid, as in the souring of milk, through the agency of a special bacterium (<spn>Bacterium lactis</spn> of Lister). In this change the milk sugar, before assuming the form of lactic acid, presumably passes through the stage of glucose.</cd>

<chreact>C12H22O11.H2O     =      4C3H6O3</chreact>
<note> Hydrated milk sugar.     Lactic acid.</note>

<note>In the lactic fermentation of dextrose or glucose, the lactic acid which is formed is very prone to undergo butyric fermentation after the manner indicated in the following equation: <chreact>2C3H6O3 (lactic acid) = C4H8O2 (butyric acid) + 2CO2 (carbonic acid) + 2H2 (hydrogen gas).<chreact></note> -- <col>Putrefactive fermentation</col>. <cd>See <er>Putrefaction</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fermentative</h1>
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<hw>Fer*ment"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fermentatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing, or having power to cause, fermentation; produced by fermentation; fermenting; <as>as, a <ex>fermentative</ex> process</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fer*ment"a*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fer*ment"a*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fermerere</h1>
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<hw>Fer"mer*ere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>enfermerier</ets>, fr. <ets>enfermerie</ets> infirmary. See <er>Infirmary</er>.]</ety> <def>The officer in a religious house who had the care of the infirmary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fermillet</h1>
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<hw>Fer"mil*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF., dim. of <ets>fermeil</ets>, <ets>fermail</ets>, clasp, prob. fr. OF. & F. <ets>fermer</ets> to make fast, fr. <ets>ferme</ets> fast. See <er>Firm</er>.]</ety> <def>A buckle or clasp.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Fern</h1>
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<hw>Fern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Long ago.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fern</h1>
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<hw>Fern</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fyrn</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ancient; old. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Pilgrimages to . . . <i>ferne</i> halwes." [saints].</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fern</h1>
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<hw>Fern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fearn</ets>; akin to D. <ets>varen</ets>, G. <ets>farn</ets>, <ets>farn</ets>kraut; cf. Skr. <ets>par\'c9a</ets> wing, feather, leaf, sort of plant, or Lith. <ets>papartis</ets> fern.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An order of cryptogamous plants, the <spn>Filices</spn>, which have their fructification on the back of the fronds or leaves. They are usually found in humid soil, sometimes grow epiphytically on trees, and in tropical climates often attain a gigantic size.</def>

<note>&hand; The plants are asexual, and bear clustered sporangia, containing minute spores, which germinate and form prothalli, on which are borne the true organs of reproduction.  The brake or bracken, the maidenhair, and the polypody are all well known ferns.</note>

<cs><col>Christmas fern</col>. <cd>See under <er>Christmas</er>.</cd> -- <col>Climbing fern</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a delicate North American fern (<spn>Lygodium palmatum</spn>), which climbs several feet high over bushes, etc., and is much sought for purposes of decoration.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fern owl</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The European goatsucker.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The short-eared owl.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Fern shaw</col></mcol>, <cd>a fern thicket. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd> <i>R. Browning.</i></cs>

<h1>Fernery</h1>
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<hw>Fern"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place for rearing ferns.</def>

<h1>Fernticle</h1>
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<hw>Fern"ti*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A freckle on the skin, resembling the seed of fern.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Ferny</h1>
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<hw>Fern"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding in ferns.</def>

<h1>Ferocious</h1>
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<hw>Fe*ro"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ferox</ets>, <ets>-ocis</ets>, fierce: cf. F. <ets>f\'82roce</ets>. See <er>Ferocity</er>.]</ety> <def>Fierce; savage; wild; indicating cruelty; ravenous; rapacious; <as>as, <ex>ferocious</ex> look or features; a <ex>ferocious</ex> lion.</as></def>

<blockquote>The humbled power of a <b>ferocious</b> enemy.
<i>Lowth.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Ferocious</er>, <er>Fierce</er>, <er>Savage</er>, <er>Barbarous</er>.</syn>  <usage>When these words are applied to human feelings or conduct, <i>ferocious</i> describes the disposition; <i>fierce</i>, the haste and violence of an act; <i>barbarous</i>, the coarseness and brutality by which it was marked; <i>savage</i>, the cruel and unfeeling spirit which it showed. A man is <i>ferocious</i> in his temper, <i>fierce</i> in his actions, <i>barbarous</i> in the manner of carrying out his purposes, <i>savage</i> in the spirit and feelings expressed in his words or deeds.</usage>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fe*ro"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fe*ro"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>It [Christianity] has adapted the <b>ferociousness</b> of war.
<i>Blair.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ferocity</h1>
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<hw>Fe*roc"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ferocitas</ets>, fr. <ets>ferox</ets>, <ets>-ocis</ets>, fierce, kin to <ets>ferus</ets> wild: cf. F. <ets>ferocit\'82</ets>. See <er>Fierce</er>.]</ety> <def>Savage wildness or fierceness; fury; cruelty; <as>as, <ex>ferocity</ex> of countenance</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The pride and <b>ferocity</b> of a Highland chief.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feroher</h1>
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<hw>Fer*o"her</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch\'91ol.)</fld> <def>A symbol of the solar deity, found on monuments exhumed in Babylon, Nineveh, etc.</def>

<h1>Ferous</h1>
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<hw>Fe"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ferus</ets>. See <er>Fierce</er>.]</ety> <def>Wild; savage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Arthur Wilson.</i>

<h1>-ferous</h1>
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<hw>-fer*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>-fer</ets>. fr. ferre to bear. See <er>Bear</er> to support.]</ety> <def>A suffix signifying <i>bearing</i>, <i>producing</i>, <i>yielding</i>; <as>as, auri<ex>ferous</ex>, yielding gold; chyli<ex>ferous</ex>, producing chyle.</as></def>

<h1>Ferrandine</h1>
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<hw>Fer*ran"dine</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.; cf. OF. <ets>ferrant</ets> iron-gray, from L. <ets>ferrum</ets> iron.]</ety> <def>A stuff made of silk and wool.</def>

<blockquote>I did buy a colored silk <b>ferrandine</b>.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ferrara</h1>
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<hw>Fer*ra"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sword bearing the mark of one of the Ferrara family of Italy. These swords were highly esteemed in England and Scotland in the 16th and 17th centuries.</def>

<h1>Ferrarese</h1>
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<hw>Fer`ra*rese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Ferrara, in Italy.</def> -- <def2><tt>n., sing. & pl.</tt> <def>A citizen of Ferrara; collectively, the inhabitants of Ferrara.</def></def2>

<h1>Ferrary</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ra*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ferraria</ets> iron works. See <er>Ferreous</er>.]</ety> <def>The art of working in iron.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Ferrate</h1>
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<hw>Fer"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ferrum</ets> iron.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of ferric acid.</def>

<h1>Ferre, Ferrer</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fer"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fer"rer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt><hw> <mark>Obs.</mark> <def><tt>compar.</tt> of <er>Fer</er>.</def>

<h1>Ferreous</h1>
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<hw>Fer"re*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ferreus</ets>, fr. <ets>ferrum</ets> iron. Cf. <er>Farrier</er>, <er>Ferrous</er>.]</ety> <def>Partaking of, made of, or pertaining to, iron; like iron.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Ferrest</h1>
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<hw>Fer"rest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <mark>Obs.</mark> <def><tt>superl.</tt> of <er>Fer</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ferret</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>furet</ets>, cf. LL. <ets>furo</ets>; prob. fr. L. <ets>fur</ets> thief (cf. <er>Furtive</er>); cf. Arm. <ets>fur</ets> wise, sly.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal of the Weasel family (<spn>Mustela &or; Putorius furo</spn>), about fourteen inches in length, of a pale yellow or white color, with red eyes. It is a native of Africa, but has been domesticated in Europe. Ferrets are used to drive rabbits and rats out of their holes.</def>

<h1>Ferret</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ret</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ferreted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ferreting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fureter</ets>. See <er>Ferret</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To drive or hunt out of a lurking place, as a ferret does the cony; to search out by patient and sagacious efforts; -- often used with <i>out</i>; <as>as, to <ex>ferret</ex> out a secret</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Master Fer! I'll fer him, and firk him, and <b>ferret</b> him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ferret</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ret</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ital. <ets>foretto</ets>, dim. of <ets>fiore</ets> flower; or F. <ets>fleuret</ets>. Cf. <er>Floret</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of narrow tape, usually made of woolen; sometimes of cotton or silk; -- called also <altname>ferreting</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ferret</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ret</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>feret</ets>, dim. or <ets>fer</ets> iron, L. <ets>ferrum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Glass Making)</fld> <def>The iron used for trying the melted glass to see if is fit to work, and for shaping the rings at the mouths of bottles.</def>

<h1>Ferreter</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ret*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who ferrets.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Ferret-eye</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ret-eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The spur-winged goose; -- so called from the red circle around the eyes.</def>

<h1>Ferretto</h1>
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<hw>Fer*ret"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>ferretto</ets> di Spagna, dim. of <ets>ferro</ets> iron, fr. L. <ets>ferrum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Copper sulphide, used to color glass.</def>

<i>Hebert.</i>

<h1>Ferri-</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ri-</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combining form indicating <i>ferric iron</i> as an ingredient; <as>as, <ex>ferri</ex>cyanide</as>.</def>

<h1>Ferriage</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ri*age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Ferry</er>.]</ety> <def>The price or fare to be paid for passage at a ferry.</def>

<h1>Ferric</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ferrum</ets> iron: cf. F. <ets>ferrique</ets>. See <er>Ferrous</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing iron. Specifically <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, denoting those compounds in which iron has a higher valence than in the <i>ferrous</i> compounds; <as>as, <ex>ferric</ex> oxide; <ex>ferric</ex> acid.</as></def>

<cs><col>Ferric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an acid, <chform>H2FeO4</chform>, which is not known in the free state, but forms definite salts, analogous to the chromates and sulphates.</cd> -- <col>Ferric oxide</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>sesquioxide of iron, <chform>Fe2O3</chform>; hematite. See <er>Hematite</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ferricyanat</</h1>
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<hw>Fer`ri*cy"a*nat<?/</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ferri-</ets> + <ets>cyanate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of ferricyanic acid; a ferricyanide.</def>

<h1>Ferricyanic</h1>
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<hw>Fer`ri*cy*an"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ferri-</ets> + <ets>cyanic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, a ferricyanide.</def>

<cs><col>Ferricyanic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a brown crystalline substance, <chform>H6(CN)12Fe2</chform>, obtained from potassium ferricyanide, and regarded as the type of the ferricyanides; -- called also <altname>hydro-ferricyanic acid</altname>, <altname>hydrogen ferricyanide</altname>, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ferricyanide</h1>
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<hw>Fer`ri*cy"a*nide</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ferri-</ets> + <ets>cyanide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a complex series of double cyanides of ferric iron and some other base.</def>

<cs><col>Potassium ferricyanide</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>red prussiate of potash; a dark, red, crystalline salt, <chform>K6(CN)12Fe2</chform>, consisting of the double cyanide of potassium and ferric iron.  From it is derived the ferrous ferricyanate, <i>Turnbull's blue<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ferrier</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ri*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A ferryman.</def>

<i>Calthrop.</i>

<h1>Ferriferous</h1>
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<hw>Fer*rif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ferrum</ets> iron + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ferrif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing or yielding iron.</def>

<h1>Ferriprussiate</h1>
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<hw>Fer`ri*prus"si*ate</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; see <er>Prussiate</er>, 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ferri-</ets> + <ets>prussiate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A ferricyanate; a ferricyanide.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ferriprussic</h1>
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<hw>Fer`ri*prus"sic</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; see <er>Prussik</er>, 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ferri-</ets> + <ets>prussic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Ferricyanic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ferro-</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ro-</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A prefix, or combining form, indicating <i>ferrous iron</i> as an ingredient; <as>as, <ex>ferro</ex>cyanide</as>.</def>

<h1>Ferrocalcite</h1>
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<hw>Fer`ro*cal"cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ferro-</ets> + <ets>calcite</ets>.]</ety> <def>Limestone containing a large percentage of iron carbonate, and hence turning brown on exposure.</def>

<h1>Ferrocyanate</h1>
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<hw>Fer`ro*cy"a*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ferro-</ets> + <ets>cyanate</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ferrocyanate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of ferrocyanic acid; a ferrocyanide.</def>

<h1>Ferrocyanic</h1>
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<hw>Fer`ro*cy*an"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ferro-</ets> + <ets>cyanic</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ferrocyanique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a ferrocyanide.</def>

<cs><col>ferrocyanic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white crystalline substance, <chform>H4(CN)6Fe</chform>, of strong acid properties, obtained from potassium ferrocyanide, and regarded as the type of the ferrocyanides; -- called also <altname>hydro-ferrocyanic acid</altname>, <altname>hydrogen ferrocyanide</altname>. etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ferrocyanide</h1>
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<hw>Fer`ro*cy"a*nide</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ferro-</ets> + <ets>cyanide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of complex double cyanides of ferrous iron and some other base.</def>

<cs><col>Potassium ferrocyanide</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>yellow prussiate of potash; a tough, yellow, crystalline salt, <chform>K4(CN)6Fe</chform>, the starting point in the manufacture of almost all cyanogen compounds, and the basis of the ferric ferrocyanate, <i>prussian blue<i>. It is obtained by strongly heating together potash, scrap iron, and animal matter containing nitrogen, as horn, leather, blood, etc., in iron pots.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ferroprussiate</h1>
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<hw>Fer`ro*prus"si*ate</hw> <tt>(? &or; ? &or;; see <er>Prussiate</er>, 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> )</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Ferro-</ets> + <ets>prussiate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A ferrocyanate; a ferocyanide.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ferroprussic</h1>
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<hw>Fer`ro*prus"sic</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; see <er>Prussic</er>, 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ferro-</ets> + <ets>prussic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Ferrocyanic.</def>

<h1>Ferroso-</h1>
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<hw>Fer*ro"so-</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ferro-</er>.</def>

<h1>Ferrotype</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ro*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ferrum</ets> iron + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <def>A photographic picture taken on an iron plate by a collodion process; -- familiarly called <i>tintype</i>.</def>

<h1>Ferrous</h1>
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<hw>Fer"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ferreux</ets>. See <er>Ferreous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, iron; -- especially used of compounds of iron in which the iron has its lower valence; <as>as, <ex>ferrous</ex> sulphate</as>.</def>

<h1>Ferruginated</h1>
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<hw>Fer*ru"gi*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ferrugo</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the color or properties of the rust of iron.</def>

<h1>Ferrugineous</h1>
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<hw>Fer`ru*gin"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ferruginous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ferruginous</h1>
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<hw>Fer*ru"gi*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ferruginus</ets>, <ets>ferrugineus</ets>, fr. <ets>ferrugo</ets>, <ets>-ginis</ets>, iron rust: cf. F. <ets>ferrugineux</ets>. See <er>Ferrugo</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Partaking of iron; containing particles of iron.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling iron rust in appearance or color; brownish red, or yellowish red.</def>

<h1>Ferrugo</h1>
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<hw>Fer*ru"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., iron rust, fr. <ets>ferrum</ets> iron.]</ety> <def>A disease of plants caused by fungi, commonly called the <i>rust</i>, from its resemblance to iron rust in color.</def>

<h1>Ferrule</h1>
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<hw>Fer"rule</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formerly <ets>verrel</ets>, F. <ets>virole</ets>, fr. L. <ets>viriola</ets> little bracelet, dim. of <ets>viriae</ets>, pl., bracelets; prob. akin to <ets>viere</ets> to twist, weave, and E. <ets>withe</ets>. The spelling with <ets>f</ets> is due to confusion with L. <ets>ferrum</ets> iron.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A ring or cap of metal put round a cane, tool, handle, or other similar object, to strengthen it, or prevent splitting and wearing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Steam Boilers)</fld> <def>A bushing for expanding the end of a flue to fasten it tightly in the tube plate, or for partly filling up its mouth.</def>

<h1>Ferruminate</h1>
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<hw>Fer*ru"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ferruminatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>ferruminare</ets> to cement, solder, fr. <ets>ferrumen</ets> cement, fr. <ets>ferrum</ets> iron.]</ety> <def>To solder or unite, as metals.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Ferrumination</h1>
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<hw>Fer*ru`mi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ferruminatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ferrumination</ets>.]</ety> <def>The soldering ir uniting of me<?/ als.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Ferry</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ferried</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ferrying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ferien</ets> to convey, AS. <ets>ferian</ets>, from <ets>faran</ets> to go; akin to Icel. <ets>ferja</ets> to ferry, Goth. <ets>farjan</ets> to sail. See <er>Fare</er>.]</ety> <def>To carry or transport over a river, strait, or other narrow water, in a boat.</def>

<h1>Ferry</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ry</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To pass over water in a boat or by a ferry.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>ferry</b> over this Lethean sound
Both to and fro.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ferry</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ferries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>feri</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>ferja</ets>, Sw. <ets>f\'84rja</ets>, Dan. <ets>f\'91rge</ets>, G. <ets>f\'84hre</ets>. See <er>Ferry</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place where persons or things are carried across a river, arm of the sea, etc., in a ferryboat.</def>

<blockquote>It can pass the <b>ferry</b> backward into light.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To row me o'er the <b>ferry</b>.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vessel in which passengers and goods are conveyed over narrow waters; a ferryboat; a wherry.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A franchise or right to maintain a vessel for carrying passengers and freight across a river, bay, etc., charging tolls.</def>

<cs><col>Ferry bridge</col>, <cd>a ferryboat adapted in its structure for the transfer of railroad trains across a river or bay.</cd> -- <col>Ferry railway</col>. <cd>See under <er>Railway</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ferryboat</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ry*boat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A vessel for conveying passengers, merchandise, etc., across streams and other narrow waters.</def>

<h1>Ferryman</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ry*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ferrymen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who maintains or attends a ferry.</def>

<h1>Fers</h1>
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<hw>Fers</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fierce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ferthe</h1>
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<hw>Ferthe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fourth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fertile</h1>
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<hw>Fer"tile</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fertilis</ets>, fr. <ets>ferr<?/</ets> to bear, produce: cf. F. <ets>fertile</ets>. <ets>See</ets> <er>Bear</er> to support.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Producing fruit or vegetation in abundance; fruitful; able to produce abundantly; prolific; fecund; productive; rich; inventive; <as>as, <ex>fertile</ex> land or fields; a <ex>fertile</ex> mind or imagination.</as></def>

<blockquote>Though he in a <b>fertile</b> climate dwell.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Capable of producing fruit; fruit-bearing; <as>as, <ex>fertile</ex> flowers</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Containing pollen; -- said of anthers.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>produced in abundance; plenteous; ample.</def>

<blockquote>Henceforth, my early care . . .
Shall tend thee, and the <b>fertile</b> burden ease
Of thy full branches.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Fertile</er>, <er>Fruitful</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Fertile</i> implies the inherent power of production; <i>fruitful</i>, the act. The prairies of the West are <i>fertile</i> by nature, and are turned by cultivation into <i>fruitful</i> fields. The same distinction prevails when these words are used figuratively. A man of <i>fertile</i> genius has by nature great readiness of invention; one whose mind is <i>fruitful</i> has resources of thought and a readiness of application which enable him to think and act effectively.</usage>

<hr>
<page="554">
Page 554<p>

<h1>Fertilely</h1>
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<hw>Fer"tile*ly</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fertile or fruitful manner.</def>

<h1>fertileness</h1>
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<hw>fer"tile*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fertility.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Fertilitate</h1>
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<hw>Fer*til"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fertilize; to fecundate.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Fertility</h1>
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<hw>Fer*til"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fertilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fertilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being fertile or fruitful; fruitfulness; productiveness; fecundity; richness; abundance of resources; fertile invention; quickness; readiness; <as>as, the <ex>fertility</ex> of soil, or of imagination</as>.</def> "<i>fertility</i> of resource."

<i>E. Everett.</i>

<blockquote>And all her husbandry doth lie on heaps
Corrupting in its own <b>fertility</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thy very weeds are beautiful; thy waste
More rich than other climes' <b>fertility</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fertilization</h1>
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<hw>Fer`ti*li*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of rendering fertile.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The act of fecundating or impregnating animal or vegetable germs; esp., the process by which in flowers the pollen renders the ovule fertile, or an analogous process in flowerless plants; fecundation; impregnation.</def>

<cs><col>Close fertilization</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the fertilization of pistils by pollen derived from the stamens of the same blossom.</cd> -- <col>Cross fertilization</col>, <cd>fertilization by pollen from some other blossom. See under <er>Cross</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Fertilize</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ti*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fertilized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fertilizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fertiliser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make fertile or enrich; to supply with nourishment for plants; to make fruitful or productive; <as>as, to <ex>fertilize</ex> land, soil, ground, and meadows</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>fertilize</b> the field that each pretends to gain.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fecundate; <as>as, to <ex>fertilize</ex> flower</as>.</def>

<i>A. R. Wallace.</i>

<h1>Fertilizer</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ti*lizer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who fertilizes; the agent that carries the fertilizing principle, as a moth to an orchid.</def>

<i>A. R. Wallace.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which renders fertile; a general name for commercial manures, as guano, phosphate of lime, etc.</def>

<h1>Ferula</h1>
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<hw>Fer"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ferula</ets> giant fennel (its stalks were used in punishing schoolboys), rod, whip, fr. <ets>ferire</ets> to strike; akin to OHG. <ets>berjan</ets>, Icel. <ets>berja</ets>. Cf. <er>Ferule</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A ferule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The imperial scepter in the Byzantine or Eastern Empire.</def>

<h1>Ferulaceous</h1>
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<hw>Fer`u*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ferulaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>ferula</ets> rod: cf. F. <ets>f\'82rulac\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to reeds and canes; having a stalk like a reed; <as>as, <ex>ferulaceous</ex> plants</as>.</def>

<h1>Ferular</h1>
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<hw>Fer"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A ferule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Ferule</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ule</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ferula</ets>: cf. F. <ets>f\'82rule</ets>. See <er>Ferula</er>.]</ety> <def>A flat piece of wood, used for striking, children, esp. on the hand, in punishment.</def>

<h1>Ferule</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Feruled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Feruling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To punish with a ferule.</def>

<h1>Ferulic</h1>
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<hw>Fe*ru"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, asafetida (<spn>Ferula asaf\'d2tida</spn>); <as>as, <ex>ferulic</ex> acid</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ferulaic</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Fervence</h1>
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<hw>Fer"vence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Heat; fervency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fervency</h1>
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<hw>Fer"ven*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>fervence</ets>. See <er>Fervent</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being fervent or warm; ardor; warmth of feeling or devotion; eagerness.</def>

<blockquote>When you pray, let it be with attention, with <b>fervency</b>, and with perseverance.
<i>Wake.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fervent</h1>
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<hw>Fer"vent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fervent</ets>, L. <ets>fervens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>. p.pr. of <ets>fervere</ets> o the boiling hot, to boil, glow.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hot; glowing; boiling; burning; <as>as, a <ex>fervent</ex> summer</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The elements shall melt with <b>fervent</b> heat.
<i>2 Pet. iii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Warm in feeling; ardent in temperament; earnest; full of fervor; zealous; glowing.</def>

<blockquote>Not slothful in business; <b>fervent</b> in spirit.
<i>Rom. iii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So spake the <b>fervent</b> angel.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>fervent</b> desire to promote the happiness of mankind.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fer"vent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fer"vent*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Laboring <b>fervently</b> for you in prayers.
<i>Col. iv. 12.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fervescent</h1>
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<hw>Fer*ves"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fervescens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>fervescere</ets> to become boiling hot, incho., fr. <ets>fervere</ets>. See <er>Fervent</er>.]</ety> <def>Growing hot.</def>

<h1>Fervid</h1>
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<hw>Fer"vid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fervidus</ets>, fr. <ets>fervere</ets>. See <er>Fervent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Very hot; burning; boiling.</def>

<blockquote>The mounted sun
Shot down direct his <b>fervid</b> rays.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ardent; vehement; zealous.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>fervid</b> wishes, holy fires.
<i>Parnell.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fer"vid*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fer"vid*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fervor</h1>
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<hw>Fer"vor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>fervour</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[OF. <ets>fervor</ets>, <ets>fervour</ets>, F. <ets>ferveur</ets>, L. <ets>fervor</ets>, fr. <ets>fervere</ets>. See <er>Fervent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Heat; excessive warmth.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>fevor</b> of ensuing day.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Intensity of feeling or expression; glowing ardor; passion; holy zeal; earnestness.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<blockquote>Winged with <b>fervor</b> of her love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Fervor</er>, <er>Ardor</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Fervor</i> is a boiling heat, and <i>ardor</i> is a burning heat. Hence, in metaphor, we commonly use <i>fervor</i> and its derivatives when we conceive of thoughts or emotions under the image of ebullition, or as pouring themselves forth. Thus we speak of the <i>fervor</i> of passion, <i>fervid</i> declamation, <i>fervid</i> importunity, <i>fervent</i> supplication, <i>fervent</i> desires, etc. <i>Ardent</i> is used when we think of anything as springing from a deepseated glow of soul; as, <i>ardent</i> friendship, <i>ardent</i> zeal, <i>ardent</i> devotedness; burning with <i>ardor</i> for the fight.</usage>

<h1>Fescennine</h1>
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<hw>Fes"cen*nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Fescenninus</ets>, fr. <ets>Fescennia</ets>, a city of Etruria.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the Fescennines.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A style of low, scurrilous, obscene poetry originating in fescennia.</def></def2>

<h1>Fescue</h1>
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<hw>Fes"cue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>festu</ets>, OF. <ets>festu</ets>, F. <ets>f\'82tu</ets>, fr. L. <ets>festuca</ets> stalk, straw.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A straw, wire, stick, etc., used chiefly to point out letters to children when learning to read. "Pedantic <i>fescue</i>.'</def>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<blockquote>To come under the <b>fescue</b> of an imprimatur.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument for playing on the harp; a plectrum.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The style of a dial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A grass of the genus <spn>Festuca</spn>.</def>

<cs><col>Fescue grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of grasses (<spn>Festuca</spn>) containing several species of importance in agriculture. <spn>Festuca ovina</spn> is <stype>sheep's fescue</stype>; <spn>F. elatior</spn> is <stype>meadow fescue</stype>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fescue</h1>
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<hw>Fes"cue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fescued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fescuing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To use a fescue, or teach with a fescue.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Fesels</h1>
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<hw>Fes"els</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>fasels</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Phasel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>May (Georgics).</i>

<h1>Fess, Fesse</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fess</hw>, <hw>Fesse</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>fesse</ets>, <ets>faisse</ets>, F. <ets>fasce</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fascia</ets> band. See <er>Fascia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A band drawn horizontally across the center of an escutcheon, and containing in breadth the third part of it; one of the nine honorable ordinaries.</def>

<cs><col>Fess point</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>the exact center of the escutcheon. See <er>Escutcheon</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fessitude</h1>
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<hw>Fes"si*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fessus</ets> wearied, fatigued.]</ety> <def>Weariness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Fesswise</h1>
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<hw>Fess"wise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of fess.</def>

<h1>Fest</h1>
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<hw>Fest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fist</er>.]</ety> <def>The fist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fest, Feste</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fest</hw>, <hw>Fes"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><hw><def>A feast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Festal</h1>
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<hw>Fes"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>festum</ets> holiday, feast. See <er>feast</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a holiday or a feast; joyous; festive.</def>

<blockquote>You bless with choicer wine the <b>festal</b> day.
<i>Francis.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Festally</h1>
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<hw>Fes"tal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Joyously; festively; mirthfully.</def>

<h1>Festennine</h1>
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<hw>Fes"ten*nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fescennine.</def>

<h1>Fester</h1>
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<hw>Fes"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Festered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Festering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>festern</ets>, fr. <ets>fester</ets>, <tt>n.</tt>; <ets>or fr</ets>. <ets>OF</ets>. <ets>festrir</ets>, fr. <ets>festre</ets>, <tt>n.</tt> See <er>Fester</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To generate pus; to become imflamed and suppurate; <as>as, a sore or a wound <ex>festers</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Wounds immedicable
Rankle, and <b>fester</b>, and gangrene.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Unkindness may give a wound that shall bleed and smart, but it is treachery that makes it <b>fester</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hatred . . . <b>festered</b> in the hearts of the children of the soil.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be inflamed; to grow virulent, or malignant; to grow in intensity; to rankle.</def>

<h1>Fester</h1>
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<hw>Fes`ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to fester or rankle.</def>

<blockquote>For which I burnt in inward, swelt'ring hate,
And <b>fstered</b> ranking malice in my breast.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fester</h1>
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<hw>Fes"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>festre</ets>, L. <ets>fistula</ets> a sort of ulcer. Cf. <er>Fistula</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small sore which becomes inflamed and discharge corrupt matter; a pustule.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A festering or rankling.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>fester</b> of the chain their necks.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Festerment</h1>
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<hw>Fes"ter*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A festering.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chalmers.</i>

<h1>Festeye</h1>
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<hw>Fest"eye</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>festier</ets>, <ets>festeer</ets>, F. <ets>festoyer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To feast; to entertain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Festinate</h1>
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<hw>Fes"ti*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>festinatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>festinare</ets> to hasten.]</ety> <def>Hasty; hurried.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Fes"ti*nate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Festination</h1>
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<hw>Fes`ti*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>festinatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Haste; hurry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Festival</h1>
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<hw>Fes"ti*val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>festival</ets>, fr. L. <ets>festivum</ets> festive jollity, fr. <ets>festivus</ets> festive, gay. See <er>Festive</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a fest; festive; festal; appropriate to a festival; joyous; mirthful.</def>

<blockquote>I cannot woo in <b>festival</b> terms.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Festi-val</h1>
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<hw>Fes"ti-val</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A time of feasting or celebration; an anniversary day of joy, civil or religious.</def>

<blockquote>The morning trumpets <b>festival</b> proclaimed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Feast; banquet; carousal. See <er>Feast</er>.</syn>

<h1>Festive</h1>
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<hw>Fes"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>festivus</ets>, fr. <ets>festum</ets> holiday, feast. See <er>feast</er>, and cf. <er>Festivous</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or becoming, a feast; festal; joyous; gay; mirthful; sportive.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fes"tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>The glad circle round them yield their souls
To <b>festive</b> mirth and wit that knows no gall.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Festivity</h1>
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<hw>Fes*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Festivities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>festivitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>festivit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of being festive; social joy or exhilaration of spirits at an entertaintment; joyfulness; gayety.</def>

<blockquote>The unrestrained <b>festivity</b> of the rustic youth.
<i>Bp. Hurd.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A festival; a festive celebration.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Festivous</h1>
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<hw>Fes"ti*vous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Festive</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a feast; festive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Festlich</h1>
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<hw>Fest"lich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Feast</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Festive; fond of festive occasions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>festlich</i> man."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Festoon</h1>
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<hw>Fes*toon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>feston</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>feston</ets>, It. <ets>festone</ets>), prob. fr. L. <ets>festum</ets> festival. See <er>Feast</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A garland or wreath hanging in a depending curve, used in decoration for festivals, etc.; anything arranged in this way.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch. & Sculp.)</fld> <def>A carved ornament consisting of flowers, and leaves, intermixed or twisted together, wound with a ribbon, and hanging or depending in a natural curve. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Bucranium</er>.</def>

<h1>Festoon</h1>
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<hw>Fes*toon"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Festooned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Festooning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To form in festoons, or to adorn with festoons.</def>

<h1>Festoony</h1>
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<hw>Fes*toon"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling, festoons.</def>

<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i>

<h1>Festucine</h1>
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<hw>Fes*tu*cine</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>festula</ets> stalk, straw. Cf. <er>Fescue</er>.]</ety> <def>Of a straw color; greenish yellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A little insect of a <b>festucine</b> or pale green.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Festucous</h1>
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<hw>Fes"tu*cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed or consisting of straw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Festue</h1>
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<hw>Fes"tue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fescue</er>.]</ety> <def>A straw; a fescue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Fet</h1>
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<hw>Fet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>feat</ets>, F. <ets>fait</ets>, and It. <ets>fett<?/</ets> slice, G. <ets>fetzen</ets> rag, Icel. <ets>fat</ets> garment.]</ety> <def>A piece.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryton.</i>

<h1>Fet</h1>
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<hw>Fet</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fetten</ets>, <ets>feten</ets>, AS. <ets>fetian</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>f\'91t</ets> a journey, and to E. <ets>foot</ets>; cf. G. <ets>fassen</ets> to seize. &root; 77. See <er>Foot</er>, and cf. <er>Fetch</er>.]</ety> <def>To fetch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And from the other fifty soon the prisoner <b>fet</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fet</h1>
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<hw>Fet</hw>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <mord>of <er>Fette</er></mord>. <def>Fetched.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fetal</h1>
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<hw>Fe"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fetus</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or connected with, a fetus; <as>as, <ex>fetal circulation</ex>; <ex>fetal</ex> membranes.</as></def>

<h1>Fetation</h1>
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<hw>Fe*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The formation of a fetus in the womb; pregnancy.</def>

<h1>Fetch</h1>
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<hw>Fetch</hw> <tt>(?; 224)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fetched</er> 2; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt>. <er>Fetching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fecchen</ets>, AS. <ets>feccan</ets>, perh. the same word as <ets>fetian</ets>; or cf. <ets>facian</ets> to wish to get, OFries. <ets>faka</ets> to prepare. &root; 77. Cf. <er>Fet</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bear toward the person speaking, or the person or thing from whose point of view the action is contemplated; to go and bring; to get.</def>

<blockquote>Time will run back and <b>fetch</b> the age of gold.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He called to her, and said, <b>Fetch</b> me, I pray thee, a little water in a vessel, that I may drink. And as she was going to <b>fetch</b> it he called to her, and said, Bring me, I pray thee, a morsel of bred in thine hand.
<i>1 Kings xvii. 11, 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To obtain as price or equivalent; to sell for.</def>

<blockquote>Our native horses were held in small esteem, and <b>fetched</b> low prices.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To recall from a swoon; to revive; -- sometimes with <i>to</i>; <as>as, to <ex>fetch</ex> a man to</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Fetching</b> men again when they swoon.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To reduce; to throw.</def>

<blockquote>The sudden trip in wrestling that <b>fetches</b> a man to the ground.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To bring to accomplishment; to achieve; to make; to perform, with certain objects; <as>as, to <ex>fetch</ex> a compass; to <ex>fetch</ex> a leap; to <ex>fetch</ex> a sigh.</as></def>

<blockquote>I'll <b>fetch</b> a turn about the garden.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>fetches</b> his blow quick and sure.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To bring or get within reach by going; to reach; to arrive at; to attain; to reach by sailing.</def>

<blockquote>Meantine flew our ships, and straight we <b>fetched</b>
The siren's isle.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To cause to come; to bring to a particular state.</def>

<blockquote>They could n't <b>fetch</b> the butter in the churn.
<i>W. Barnes.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To fetch a compass</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to make a sircuit; to take a circuitious route going to a place.</cd> -- <col>To fetch a pump</col>, <cd>to make it draw water by pouring water into the top and working the handle.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To fetch</col> <col>headway &or; sternway</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to move ahead or astern.</cd> -- <col>To fetch out</col>, <cd>to develop.</cd> "The skill of the polisher <i>fetches out<i> the colors [of marble]" <i>Addison.</i>  -- <col>To fetch up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To overtake.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Says [the hare], I can <i>fetch up<i> the tortoise when I please." <i>L'Estrange.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To stop suddenly.</cd></cs>

<h1>fetch</h1>
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<hw>fetch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To bring one's self; to make headway; to veer; <as>as, to <ex>fetch</ex> about; to <ex>fetch</ex> to windward.</as></def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<cs><col>To fetch away</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to break loose; to roll slide to leeward.</cd> -- <col>To fetch and carry</col>, <cd>to serve obsequiously, like a trained spaniel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fetch</h1>
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<hw>Fetch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A stratagem by which a thing is indirectly brought to pass, or by which one thing seems intended and another is done; a trick; an artifice.</def>

<blockquote>Every little <b>fetch</b> of wit and criticism.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The apparation of a living person; a wraith.</def>

<blockquote>The very <b>fetch</b> and ghost of Mrs. Gamp.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fetch candle</col>, <cd>a light seen at night, superstitiously believed to portend a person's death.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fethcer</h1>
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<hw>Fethc"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One wo fetches or brings.</def>

<h1>Fete</h1>
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<hw>Fete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>feat</er>.]</ety> <def>A feat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fete</h1>
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<hw>Fete</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Foot</er>.]</ety> <def>Feet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>F\'88te</h1>
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<hw>F\'88te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Feast</er>.]</ety> <def>A festival.</def>

<cs><col>F\'88te champ\'88tre</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>a festival or entertainment in the open air; a rural festival.</cd></cs>

<h1>F\'88te</h1>
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<hw>F\'88te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>F\'88ted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>F\'88ting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>f\'88ter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To feast; to honor with a festival.</def>

<h1>Fetich, Fetish</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fe"tich</hw>, <hw>Fe"tish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><hw><ety>[F. <ets>f\'82tiche</ets>, from Pg. <ets>feiti<?/o</ets>, adj., <tt>n.</tt>, sorcery, charm, fr. L. <ets>facticius</ets> made by art, artifical, factitious. See <er>Factitious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A material object supposed among certain African tribes to represent in such a way, or to be so connected with, a supernatural being, that the possession of it gives to the possessor power to control that being.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any object to which one is excessively devoted.</def>

<h1>fetichism, Fetishism</h1>
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<hw><hw>fe"tich*ism</hw>, <hw>Fe"tish*ism</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>; 277), <tt>n.</tt><hw><ety>[Cf. F. <ets>f\'82tichisme</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>feticism</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The doctrine or practice of belief in fetiches.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Excessive devotion to one object or one idea; abject superstition; blind adoration.</def>

<blockquote>The real and absolute worship of fire falls into two great divisions, the first belonging rather to <b>fetichism</b>, the second to polytheism proper.
<i>Tylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fetichist, Fetishist</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fe"tich*ist</hw>, <hw>Fe"tish*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt><hw><def>A believer in fetiches.</def>

<blockquote>He was by nature a <b>fetichist</b>.
<i>H. Holbeach.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fetichistic, Fetishistic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fe`tich*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fe`tish*is"tic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt><hw> <def>Pertaining to, or involving, fetichism.</def>

<blockquote>A man of the fifteenth century, inheriting its strange web of belief and unbelief, of epicurean levity and <b>fetichistic</b> dread.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feticide</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ti*cide</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>f\'d2ticide</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[<ets>Fetus</ets> + L. <ets>caedere</ets> to kill.]</ety> <fld>(Med. & Law)</fld> <def>The act of killing the fetus in the womb; the offense of procuring an abortion.</def>

<h1>Feticism</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ti*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Fetichism</er>.</def>

<h1>Fetid</h1>
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<hw>Fet"id</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fetidus</ets>, <ets>foetidus</ets>, fr. <ets>fetere</ets>, <ets>foetere</ets>, to have an ill smell, to stink: cf. F. <ets>f\'82tide</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having an offensive smell; stinking.</def>

<blockquote>Most putrefactions . . . smell either <b>fetid</b> or moldy.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fetidity</h1>
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<hw>Fet*id"i*ty</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fetidness.</def>

<h1>Fetidness</h1>
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<hw>Fet"id*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being fetid.</def>

<h1>Fetiferous</h1>
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<hw>Fe*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fetus</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing young, as animals.</def>

<hr>
<page="555">
Page 555<p>

<h1>Fetis</h1>
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<hw>Fe"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>fetis</ets>, <ets>faitis</ets>. Cf. <er>Factitious</er>.]</ety> <def>Neat; pretty; well made; graceful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Full <b>fetis</b> was her cloak, as I was ware.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fetisely</h1>
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<hw>Fe"tise*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Neatly; gracefully; properly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<mhw><h1>Fetish, n., Fetishism </ &or; </; 277, n., Fetishistic</h1>
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<hw>Fe"tish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Fe"tish*ism</hw> <tt>(<?/ &or; <?/; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Fe`tish*is"tic</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></mhw> <def>See <er>Fetich</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <i>Fetichism</i>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Fetichistic</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Fetlock</h1>
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<hw>Fet"lock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fetlak</ets>, <ets>fitlock</ets>, cf. Icel. <ets>fet</ets> pace, step, <ets>fit</ets> webbed foot of water birds, akin to E. <ets>foot</ets>. &root; 77. See <er>Foot</er>.]</ety> <def>The cushionlike projection, bearing a tuft of long hair, on the back side of the leg above the hoof of the horse and similar animals. Also, the joint of the limb at this point (between the great pastern bone and the metacarpus), or the tuft of hair.</def>

<blockquote>Their wounded steeds
Fret <b>fetlock</b> deep in gore.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fetor</h1>
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<hw>Fe"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fetor</ets>, <ets>foetor</ets>. See <er>Fetid</er>.]</ety> <def>A strong, offensive smell; stench; fetidness.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Fette</h1>
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<hw>Fet"te</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp</tt>. <er>Fette</er>, p.p. <er>Fet</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Fet</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To fetch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fetter</h1>
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<hw>Fet"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fetor</ets>, <ets>feter</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>feter<?/s</ets>, pl., OD. <ets>veter</ets>, OHG. <ets>fezzera</ets>, Icel. <ets>fj\'94turr</ets>, L. <ets>pedi<?/a</ets>, Gr. <?/, and to E. <ets>foot</ets>. &root; 77. See <er>Foot</er>.]</ety> <mark>[Chiefly used in the plural, <plw>fetters</plw>.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chain or shackle for the feet; a chain by which an animal is confined by the foot, either made fast or disabled from free and rapid motion; a bond; a shackle.</def>

<blockquote>[They] bound him with <b>fetters</b> of brass.
<i>Judg. xvi. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything that confines or restrains; a restraint.</def>

<blockquote>Passion's too fierce to be in <b>fetters</b> bound.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fetter</h1>
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<hw>Fet"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[imp. & p.p. <er>Fettered</er> (<?/); p.pr. & vb.<tt>n.</tt> <er>Fettering</er>.]</ety> <def>1. To put fetters upon; to shakle or confine the feet of with a chain; to bind.</def>

<blockquote>My heels are <b>fettered</b>, but my fist is free.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reastrain from motion; to impose restrains on; to confine; to enchain; <as>as, <ex>fettered</ex> by obligations</as>.</def>

<blockquote>My conscience! thou art <b>fettered</b>
More than my shanks and wrists.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fettered</h1>
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<hw>Fet"tered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Seeming as if fettered, as the feet pf certain animals which bend backward, and appear unfit for walking.</def>

<h1>Fetterer</h1>
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<hw>Fet"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fetters.</def>

<i>Landor.</i>

<h1>Fetterless</h1>
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<hw>Fet"ter*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from fetters.</def>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Fettle</h1>
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<hw>Fet"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. & Prov. E., to fettle (in sense 1), <ets>fettle</ets>, <tt>n.</tt>, order, repair, preparation, dress; prob. akin to E. <ets>fit</ets>. See <er>Fit</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>1. To repair; to prepare; to put in order.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>To cover or line with a mixture of ore, cinders, etc., as the hearth of a puddling furnace.</def>

<h1>Fettle</h1>
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<hw>Fet"tle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make preparations; to put things in order; to do trifling business.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Fettle</h1>
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<hw>Fet"tle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of fettling.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<cs><col>In fine fettle</col>, <cd>in good spirits.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fettling</h1>
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<hw>Fet"tling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A mixture of ore, cinders, etc., used to line the hearth of a puddling furnace.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <altsp>[It is commonly called <asp>fix</asp> in the United States.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Pottery)</fld> <def>The operation of shaving or smoothing the surface of undried clay ware.</def>

<h1>Fetuous</h1>
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<hw>Fet"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Neat; feat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Herrick.</i>

<h1>Fetus</h1>
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<hw>Fe"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fetuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>fetus</ets>, <ets>foetus</ets>, a bringing forth, brood, offspring, young ones, cf. <ets>fetus</ets> fruitful, fructified, that is or was filled with young; akin to E. <ets>fawn</ets> a deer, <ets>fecundity</ets>, <ets>felicity</ets>, <ets>feminine</ets>, <ets>female</ets>, and prob. to do, or according to others, to <ets>be</ets>.]</ety> <def>The young or embryo of an animal in the womb, or in the egg; often restricted to the later stages in the development of viviparous and oviparous animals, <i>embryo</i> being applied to the earlier stages.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>f\'d2tus</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Fetwah</h1>
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<hw>Fet"wah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar.]</ety> <def>A written decision of a Turkish mufti on some point of law.</def><-- written also fatwah -->

<i>Whitworth.</i>

<h1>Feu</h1>
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<hw>Feu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Feud</er>, and <er>Fee</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A free and gratuitous right to lands made to one for service to be performed by him; a tenure where the vassal, in place of military services, makes a return in grain or in money.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Feuar</h1>
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<hw>Feu"ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Feu.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>One who holds a feu.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Feud</h1>
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<hw>Feud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>feide</ets>, AS. <ets>f<?/h<?/</ets>, fr. <ets>f\'beh</ets> hostile; akin to OHG. <ets>f<?/hida</ets>, G. <ets>fehde</ets>, Sw. <ets>fejd</ets>, D. <ets>feide</ets>; prob. akin to E. <ets>fiend</ets>. See Foe.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A combination of kindred to avenge injuries or affronts, done or offered to any of their blood, on the offender and all his race.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A contention or quarrel; especially, an inveterate strife between families, clans, or parties; deadly hatred; contention satisfied only by bloodshed.</def>

<blockquote>Mutual <b>feuds</b> and battles betwixt their several tribes and kindreds.
<i>Purchas.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Affray; fray; broil; contest; dispute; strife.</syn>

<h1>Feud</h1>
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<hw>Feud</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>feudum</ets>, <ets>feodum</ets> prob. of same origin as E. <ets>fief</ets>. See <er>Fief</er>, <er>Fee</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A stipendiary estate in land, held of superior, by service; the right which a vassal or tenant had to the lands or other immovable thing of his lord, to use the same and take the profists thereof hereditarily, rendering to his superior such duties and services as belong to military tenure, etc., the property of the soil always remaining in the lord or superior; a fief; a fee.</def>

<h1>Feudal</h1>
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<hw>Feu"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>f\'82odal</ets>, or LL. <ets>feudalis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to feuds, fiefs, or feels; <as>as, <ex>feudal</ex> rights or services; <ex>feudal</ex> tenures.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of, or founded upon, feuds or fiefs; embracing tenures by military services; <as>as, the <ex>feudal</ex> system</as>.</def>

<h1>Feudalism</h1>
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<hw>Feu"dal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>f\'82odalisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The feudal system; a system by which the holding of estates in land is made dependent upon an obligation to render military service to the kind or feudal superior; feudal principles and usages.</def>

<h1>Feudalist</h1>
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<hw>Feu"dal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An upholder of feudalism.</def>

<h1>Feudality</h1>
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<hw>Feu*dal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>f\'82odalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being feudal; feudal form or constitution.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Fedaliza/tion</h1>
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<hw>Fe`dal*i*za/tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reducing to feudal tenure.</def>

<h1>Feudalize</h1>
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<hw>Feu"dal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Feudalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Feudalizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To reduce toa feudal tenure; to conform to feudalism.</def>

<h1>Feudally</h1>
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<hw>Feu"dal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a feudal manner.</def>

<h1>Feudary</h1>
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<hw>Feu"da*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>feudarius</ets>, fr. <ets>feudum</ets>. See 2d <er>Feud</er>.]</ety> <def>Held by, or pertaining to, feudal tenure.</def>

<h1>Feudary</h1>
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<hw>Feu"da*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tenant who holds his lands by feudal service; a feudatory.</def>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A feodary. See <er>Feodary</er>.</def>

<h1>Feudataty</h1>
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<hw>Feu"da*ta*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>feudatarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>feudataire</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Feudatory</er>.</def>

<h1>Feudatory</h1>
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<hw>Feu"da*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Feudatories</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A tenant or vassal who held his lands of a superior on condition of feudal service; the tenant of a feud or fief.</def>

<blockquote>The grantee . . . was styled the <b>feudatory</b> or vassal.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[He] had for <b>feudatories</b> great princes.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feudtory</h1>
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<hw>Feu"dto*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Held from another on some conditional tenure; <as>as, a <ex>feudatory</ex> title</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<-- no pos in original = n. -->
<h1>Feu de joie</h1>
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<hw>Feu` de joie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., lit., fire of joy.]</ety> <def>A fire kindled in a public place in token of joy; a bonfire; a firing of guns in token of joy.</def>

<h1>Feudist</h1>
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<hw>Feud"ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>feudiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A writer on feuds; a person versed in feudal law.</def>

<i>Spelman.</i>

<h1>Feuillants</h1>
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<hw>Feu`illants"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>A reformed branch of the Bernardines, founded in 1577 at <i>Feuillans</i>, near Toulouse, in France.</def>

<h1>Feuillemort</h1>
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<hw>Feuille"mort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>feuille morte</ets> a dead leaf.]</ety> <def>Having the color of a faded leaf.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Feuilleton</h1>
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<hw>Feu`ille*ton"</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from <ets>feulle</ets> leaf.]</ety> <def>A part of a French newspaper (usually the bottom of the page), devoted to light literature, criticism, etc.; also, the article or tale itself, thus printed.</def>

<h1>Feuilltonist</h1>
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<hw>Feuill"ton*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>feuilletoniste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A writer of feuilletons.</def>

<i>F. Harrison.</i>

<h1>feuter</h1>
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<hw>feu"ter</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>feutre</ets> rest for a lance, OF. <ets>feutre</ets>, <ets>fautre</ets>, <ets>feltre</ets>, felt, cushion, rest for a lance, fr. LL. <ets>filtrum</ets>, <ets>feltrum</ets>; of German origin, and akin to E. <ets>felt</ets>. See <er>Felt</er>, and cf. <er>Filter</er>.]</ety> <def>To set close; to fix in rest, as a spear.

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Feuterer</h1>
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<hw>Feu"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Either fr. G. <ets>f\'81tterer</ets> feeder, or corrupted fr. OF. <ets>vautrier</ets>, <ets>vaultrier</ets>; fr. vaultre, viautre, a kind of hound, fr. L. <ets>vertragus</ets>, <ets>vertraga</ets>, a greyhound. The last is of Celtic origin.]</ety> <def>A dog keeper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Fever</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fever</ets>, <ets>fefer</ets>, AS. <ets>fefer</ets>, <ets>fefor</ets>, L. <ets>febris</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fi\'8avre</ets>. Cf. <er>Febrile</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A diseased state of the system, marked by increased heat, acceleration of the pulse, and a general derangement of the functions, including usually, thirst and loss of appetite.  Many diseases, of which fever is the most prominent symptom, are denominated <i>fevers</i>; <as>as, typhoid <ex>fever</ex>; yellow <ex>fever</ex>.</as></def>

<note>&hand; <i>Remitting</i> fevers subside or abate at intervals; <i>intermitting</i> fevers intermit or entirely cease at intervals; <i>continued</i> or <i>continual</i> fevers neither remit nor intermit.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Excessive excitement of the passions in consequence of strong emotion; a condition of great excitement; <as>as, this quarrel has set my blood in a <ex>fever</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>An envious <b>fever</b>
Of pale and bloodless emulation.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>After life's fitful <b>fever</b> he sleeps well.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Brain fever</col>, <col>Continued fever</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Brain</er>, <er>Continued</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fever and ague</col>, <cd>a form of fever recurring in paroxysms which are preceded by chills. It is of malarial origin.</cd> -- <col>Fever blister</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a blister or vesicle often found about the mouth in febrile states; a variety of herpes.</cd> -- <col>Fever bush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the wild allspice or spice bush. See <er>Spicewood</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fever powder</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Jame's powder</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fever root</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American herb of the genus <spn>Triosteum</spn> (<spn>T. perfoliatum</spn>); -- called also <altname>feverwort</altname> amd <altname>horse gentian</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Fever sore</col>, <cd>a carious ulcer or necrosis.</cd> <i>Miner.</i></cs>

<h1>Fever</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ver</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fevered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fevering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put into a fever; to affect with fever; <as>as, a <ex>fevered</ex> lip</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The white hand of a lady <b>fever</b> thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Feveret</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ver*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A slight fever.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Feverfew</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ver*few</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>feferfuge</ets>, fr. L. <ets>febrifugia</ets>. See <er>fever</er>, <er>Fugitive</er>, and cf. <er>Febrifuge</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial plant (<spn>Pyrethrum, &or; Chrysanthemum, Parthenium</spn>) allied to camomile, having finely divided leaves and white blossoms; -- so named from its supposed febrifugal qualities.</def>

<h1>Feverish</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ver*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a fever; suffering from, or affected with, a moderate degree of fever; showing increased heat and thirst; <as>as, the patient is <ex>feverish</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Indicating, or pertaining to, fever; characteristic of a fever; <as>as, <ex>feverish</ex> symptoms</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hot; sultry.</def> "The <i>feverish</i> north."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Disordered as by fever; excited; restless; <as>as, the <ex>feverish</ex> condition of the commercial world</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Strive to keep up a frail and <b>feverish</b> bing.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fe"ver*ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fe"ver*ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Feverous</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ver*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>fi\'82vreux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Affected with fever or ague; feverish.</def>

<blockquote>His heart, love's <b>feverous</b> citadel.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or having the nature of, fever; <as>as, a <ex>feverous</ex> pulse</as>.</def>

<blockquote>All maladies . . . all <b>feverous</b> kinds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having the tendency to produce fever; <as>as, a <ex>feverous</ex> disposition of the year</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Feverously</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ver*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Feverishly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Feverwort</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ver*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <cref>Fever root</cref>, under <er>Fever</er>.</def>

<h1>Fevery</h1>
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<hw>Fe"ver*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Feverish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Few</h1>
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<hw>Few</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Fewer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Fewest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fewe</ets>, <ets>feawe</ets>, AS. <ets>fe\'a0</ets>, pl. <ets>fe\'a0we</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>f\'beh</ets>, OHG. <ets>f</ets>\'b5<ets><?/ fao</ets>, Icel. <ets>f\'ber</ets>, Sw. <ets>f\'86</ets>, pl., Dan. <ets>faa</ets>, pl., Goth. <ets>faus</ets>, L. <ets>paucus</ets>, cf. Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Paucity</er>.]</ety> <def>Not many; small, limited, or confined in number; -- indicating a small portion of units or individuals constituing a whole; often, by ellipsis of a noun, a few people.</def> "Are not my days <i>few</i>?"

<i>Job x. 20.</i>

<blockquote><b>Few</b> know and <b>fewer</b> care.
<i>Proverb.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Few</i> is often used partitively; as, <i>few</i> of them.</note>

<cs><col>A few</col>, <cd>a small number.</cd> -- <col>In few</col>, <cd>in a few words; briefly.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>- No few</col>, <cd>not few; more than a few; many.</cd></cs>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<cs><col>- The few</col>, <cd>the minority; -- opposed to <i>the many<i> or <i>the majority<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fewel</h1>
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<hw>Fe"wel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fuel</er>.]</ety> <def>Fuel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Fewmet</h1>
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<hw>Few"met</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Fumet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Fewness</h1>
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<hw>Few"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being few; smallness of number; paucity.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Brevity; conciseness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fey</h1>
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<hw>Fey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>f<?/ga</ets>, Icel. <ets>feigr</ets>, OHG. <ets>feigi</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fated; doomed.</def> <mark>[Old Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Fey</h1>
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<hw>Fey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fay</er> faith.]</ety> <def>Faith.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fey</h1>
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<hw>Fey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Feague</er>.]</ety> <def>To cleanse; to clean out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Feyne</h1>
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<hw>Feyne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To feign.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Feyre</h1>
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<hw>Feyre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fair or market.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fez</h1>
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<hw>Fez</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. the town of <ets>Fez</ets> in Morocco.]</ety> <def>A felt or cloth cap, usually red and having a tassel, -- a variety of the tarboosh. See <er>Tarboosh</er>.</def>

<i>B. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Fiacre</h1>
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<hw>Fia"cre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A kind of French hackney coach.</def>

<h1>Fiance</h1>
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<hw>Fi"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fiancer</ets>. See <er>Affiance</er>.]</ety> <def>To betroth; to affiance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harmar.</i>

<h1>Fianc\'82</h1>
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<hw>Fi`an`c\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A betrothed man.</def>

<h1>Fianc\'82e</h1>
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<hw>Fi`an`c\'82e"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A betrothed woman.</def>

<h1>Fiants</h1>
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<hw>Fi"ants</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fiente</ets> dung.]</ety> <def>The dung of the fox, wolf, boar, or badger.</def>

<h1>Fiar</h1>
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<hw>Fi"ar</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Feuar</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>One in whom the property of an estate is vested, subject to the estate of a life renter.</def>

<blockquote>I am <b>fiar</b> of the lands; she a life renter.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The price of grain, as legally fixed, in the counties of Scotland, for the current year.</def>

<h1>Fiasco</h1>
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<hw>Fi*as"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fiascoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A complete or ridiculous failure, esp. of a musical performance, or of any pretentious undertaking.</def>

<h1>Fiat</h1>
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<hw>Fi"at</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., let it be done, 3d pers. sing., subj. pres., fr. <ets>fieri</ets>, used as pass. of <ets>facere</ets> to make. Cf. <er>Be</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An authoritative command or order to do something; an effectual decree.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>fiat</b> laid the corner stone.
<i>Willis.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A warrant of a judge for certain processes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An authority for certain proceedings given by the Lord Chancellor's signature.</def>

<cs><col>Fiat money</col>, <cd>irredeemable paper currency, not resting on a specie basis, but deriving its purchasing power from the declaratory fiat of the government issuing it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fiaunt</h1>
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<hw>Fi*aunt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Commission; fiat; order; decree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Fib</h1>
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<hw>Fib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>fable</ets>; cf. Prov. E. <ets>fibble-fabble</ets> nonsense.]</ety> <def>A falsehood; a lie; -- used euphemistically.</def>

<blockquote>They are very serious; they don't tell <b>fibs</b>.
<i>H. James.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fib</h1>
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<hw>Fib</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fibbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fibbing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To speak falsely.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Fib</h1>
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<hw>Fib</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tell a fib to.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Fibber</h1>
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<hw>Fib"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who tells fibs.</def>

<h1>Fiber, Fibre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fi"ber</hw>, <hw>Fi"bre</hw><hw>, <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fibre</ets>, L. <ets>fibra</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the delicate, threadlike portions of which the tissues of plants and animals are in part constituted; <as>as, the <ex>fiber</ex> of flax or of muscle</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any fine, slender thread, or threadlike substance; <as>as, a <ex>fiber</ex> of spun glass</as>; especially, one of the slender rootlets of a plant.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sinew; strength; toughness; <as>as, a man of real <ex>fiber</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Yet had no <b>fibers</b> in him, nor no force.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A general name for the raw material, such as cotton, flax, hemp, etc., used in textile manufactures.</def>

<cs><col>Fiber gun</col>, <cd>a kind of steam gun for converting, wood, straw, etc., into fiber. The material is shut up in the gun with steam, air, or gas at a very high pressure which is afterward relieved suddenly by letting a lid at the muzzle fly open, when the rapid expansion separates the fibers.</cd> -- <col>Fiber plants</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>plants capable of yielding fiber useful in the arts, as hemp, flax, ramie, agave, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fibered, Fibred</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fi"bered</hw>, <hw>Fi"bred</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having fibers; made up of fibers.</def>

<h1>Fiber-faced, Fibre-faced</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fi"ber-faced`</hw>, <hw>Fi"bre-faced`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a visible fiber embodied in the surface of; -- applied esp. to a kind of paper for checks, drafts, etc.</def>

<h1>Fiberless, Fibreless</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fi"ber*less</hw>, <hw>Fi"bre*less</hw><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no fibers; destitute of fibers or fiber.</def>

<h1>Fibriform</h1>
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<hw>Fi"bri*form</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fibra</ets> a fiber + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a fiber or fibers; resembling a fiber.</def>

<h1>Fibril</h1>
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<hw>Fi"bril</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fibrille</ets>, dim. of <ets>fibre</ets>, L. <ets>fibra</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small fiber; the branch of a fiber; a very slender thread; a fibrilla.</def>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Fibrilla</h1>
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<hw>Fi*bril"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fibrill\'92</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Fibril</er>.]</ety> <def>A minute thread of fiber, as one of the fibrous elements of a muscular fiber; a fibril.</def>

<h1>Fibrillar</h1>
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<hw>Fi"bril*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to fibrils or fibers; <as>as, <ex>fibrillar</ex> twitchings</as>.</def>

<h1>Fibrillary</h1>
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<hw>Fi"bril*la*ry</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of of pertaining to fibrils.</def>

<h1>Fibrillated</h1>
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<hw>Fi"bril*la`ted</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with fibrils; fringed.</def>

<h1>Fibrillation</h1>
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<hw>Fi`bril*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being reduced to fibers.</def>

<i>Carpenter.</i>

<h1>Fibrillose</h1>
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<hw>Fi*bril"lose</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with hairlike appendages, as the under surface of some lichens; also, composed of little strings or fibers; <as>as, <ex>fibrillose</ex> appendages</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="556">
Page 556<p>

<h1>Fibrillous</h1>
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<hw>Fi*bril"lous</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fibraleux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or composed of, fibers.</def>

<h1>Fibrin</h1>
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<hw>Fi"brin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fibrine</ets>. See <er>Fiber</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A white, albuminous, fibrous substance, formed in the coagulation of the blood either by decomposition of fibrinogen, or from the union of fibrinogen and paraglobulin which exist separately in the blood. It is insoluble in water, but is readily digestible in gastric and pancreatic juice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The white, albuminous mass remaining after washing lean beef or other meat with water until all coloring matter is removed; the fibrous portion of the muscle tissue; flesh fibrin.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An albuminous body, resembling animal fibrin in composition, found in cereal grains and similar seeds; vegetable fibrin.</def>

<cs><col>Fibrin factors</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the albuminous bodies, paraglobulin and fibrinigen in the blood, which, by the action of the fibrin ferment, are changed into fibrin, in coagulation.</cd> -- <col>Fibrin ferment</col> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a ferment which makes its appearance in the blood shortly after it is shed, and is supposed to be the active agent in causing coagulation of the blood, with formation of fibrin.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fibrination</h1>
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<hw>Fi`bri*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The state of acquiring or having an excess of fibrin.</def>

<h1>Fibrine</h1>
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<hw>Fi"brine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to the fibers of plants.</def>

<h1>Fibrinogen</h1>
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<hw>Fi*brin"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fibrin</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An albuminous substance existing in the blood, and in other animal fluids, which either alone or with fibrinoplastin or paraglobulin forms fibrin, and thus causes coagulation.</def>

<h1>Fibrinogenous</h1>
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<hw>Fi`bri*nog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Possessed of properties similar to fibrinogen; capable of forming fibrin.</def>

<h1>Fibrinoplastic</h1>
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<hw>Fi`bri*no*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.Chem.)</fld> <def>Like fibrinoplastin; capable of forming fibrin when brought in contact with fibrinogen.</def>

<h1>Fibrinoplastin</h1>
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<hw>Fi`bri*no*plas"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fibrin</ets> + Gr. <?/ to form, mold.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.Chem.)</fld> <def>An albuminous substance, existing in the blood, which in combination with fibrinogen forms fibrin; -- called also <altname>paraglobulin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Fibrinous</h1>
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<hw>Fi"bri*nous</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having, or partaking of the properties of, fibrin; <as>as, <ex>fibrious</ex> exudation</as>.</def>

<h1>Fibrocartilage</h1>
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<hw>Fi`bro*car"ti*lage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fibra</ets> a fiber + E. <ets>cartilage</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A kind of cartilage with a fibrous matrix and approaching fibrous connective tissue in structure.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fi`bro*car`ti*lag"i*nous</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fibrochondrosteal</h1>
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<hw>Fi`bro*chon*dros"te*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fibra</ets> a fiber + gr. <?/ cartilage + <?/ bone.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Partly fibrous, partly cartilaginous, and partly osseous.</def>

<i>St. George Mivart.</i>

<h1>Fibroid</h1>
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<hw>Fi"broid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fibra</ets> a fiber + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Resembling or forming fibrous tissue; made up of fibers; <as>as, <ex>fibroid</ex> tumors</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A fibroid tumor; a fibroma.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Fibroid degeneration</col>, <cd>a form of degeneration in which organs or tissues are converted into fibroid tissue.</cd> -- <col>Fibroid phthists</col>, <cd>a form of pulmonary consumption associated with the formation of fibrous tissue in the lungs, and the gradual atrophy of the lungs, from the pressure due to the contraction of this tissue.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fibroin</h1>
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<hw>Fi"bro*in</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fibra</ets> a fiber.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A variety of gelatin; the chief ingredient of raw silk, extracted as a white amorphous mass.</def>

<h1>Fibrolite</h1>
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<hw>Fi"bro*lite</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fibra</ets> a fiber + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fibrolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A silicate of alumina, of fibrous or columnar structure. It is like andalusite in composition; -- called also <altname>sillimanite</altname>, and <altname>bucholizite</altname>.</def>

<h1>Fibroma</h1>
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<hw>Fi*bro"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Fiber</er>, and <er>-oma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A tumor consisting mainly of fibrous tissue, or of same modification of such tissue.</def>

<h1>Fibrospongi\'91</h1>
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<hw>Fi`bro*spon"gi*\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>fibra</ets> a fiber + <ets>spongia</ets> a sponge.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of sponges having a fibrous skeleton, including the commercial sponges.</def>

<h1>Fibrous</h1>
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<hw>Fi"brous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fibreux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing, or consisting of, fibers; <as>as, the <ex>fibrous</ex> coat of the cocoanut; the <ex>fibrous</ex> roots of grasses.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fi"brous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fibrovascular</h1>
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<hw>Fi`bro*vas"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fibra</ets> a fiber + E. <ets>vascular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Containing woody fiber and ducts, as the stems of all flowering plants and ferns; -- opposed to <i>cellular</i>.</def>

<h1>Fibster</h1>
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<hw>Fib"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who tells fibs.</def> <mark>[Jocular]</mark>

<h1>Fibula</h1>
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<hw>Fib"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fibul\'92</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., clasp, buckle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A brooch, clasp, or buckle.</def>

<blockquote>Mere <b>fibul\'91</b>, without a robe to clasp.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The outer and usually the smaller of the two bones of the leg, or hind limb, below the knee.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A needle for sewing up wounds.</def>

<h1>Fibu-lar</h1>
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<hw>Fib"u-lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the fibula.</def>

<h1>Fibulare</h1>
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<hw>Fib`u*la"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fibularia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Fibula</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bone or cartilage of the tarsus, which articulates with the fibula, and corresponds to the calcaneum in man and most mammals.</def>

<h1>Fice</h1>
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<hw>Fice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small dog; -- written also <i>fise</i>, <i>fyce</i>, <i>fiste</i>, etc.</def> <mark>[Southern U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Fich\'82</h1>
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<hw>Fi*ch\'82</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>Fitch\'90</er>.</def>

<h1>Ficttelite</h1>
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<hw>Fict"tel*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A white crystallized mineral resin from the Fichtelgebirge, Bavaria.</def>

<h1>Fichu</h1>
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<hw>Fich"u</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., neckerchief.]</ety> <def>A light cape, usually of lace, worn by women, to cover the neck and throat, and extending to the shoulders.</def>

<h1>Fickle</h1>
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<hw>Fic"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fikel</ets> untrustworthy, deceitful, AS. <ets>ficol</ets>, fr. <ets>fic</ets>, <ets>gefic</ets>, fraud, deceit; cf. <ets>f\'becen</ets> deceit, OS. <ets>f<?/kn</ets>, OHG. <ets>feichan</ets>, Icel. <ets>feikn</ets> portent. Cf. <er>Fidget</er>.]</ety> <def>Not fixed or firm; liable to change; unstable; of a changeable mind; not firm in opinion or purpose; inconstant; capricious; <as>as, Fortune's <ex>fickle</ex> wheel</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>They know how <b>fickle</b> common lovers are.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Wavering; irresolute; unsettled; vacillating; unstable; inconsonant; unsteady; variable; mutable; changeful; capricious; veering; shifting.</syn>

<h1>Fickleness</h1>
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<hw>Fic"kle*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being fickle; instability; inconsonancy.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fickly</h1>
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<hw>Fic"kly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fickle manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pepys.</i>

<h1>Fico</h1>
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<hw>Fi"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ficoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It., a fig, fr. L.<ets>ficus</ets>. See <er>Fig</er>.]</ety> <def>A fig; an insignificant trifle, no more than the snap of one's thumb; a sign of contempt made by the fingers, expressing. <i>A fig for you</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Steal! foh, a <b>fico</b> for the phrase.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fictile</h1>
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<hw>Fic"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fictilis</ets>. See <er>Fiction</er>.]</ety> <def>Molded, or capable of being molded, into form by art; relating to pottery or to molding in any soft material.</def>

<blockquote><b>Fictile</b> earth is more fragile than crude earth.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The earliest specimens of Italian <b>fictile</b> art.
<i>C. Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fictile ware</col>, <cd>ware made of any material which is molded or shaped while soft; hence, pottery of any sort.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fic"tile*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Fic*til"i*ty</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fiction</h1>
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<hw>Fic"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fiction</ets>, L. <ets>fictio</ets>, fr. <ets>fingere</ets>, <ets>fictum</ets> to form, shape, invent, feign. See <er>Feign</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of feigning, inventing, or imagining; <as>as, by a mere <ex>fiction</ex> of the mind</as>.</def>

<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is feigned, invented, or imagined; especially, a feigned or invented story, whether oral or written. Hence: A story told in order to deceive; a fabrication; -- opposed to <i>fact</i>, or <i>reality</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>fiction</b> of those golden apples kept by a dragon.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When it could no longer be denied that her flight had been voluntary, numerous <b>fictions</b> were invented to account for it.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fictitious literature; comprehensively, all works of imagination; specifically, novels and romances.</def>

<blockquote>The office of <b>fiction</b> as a vehicle of instruction and moral elevation has been recognized by most if not all great educators.
<i>Dict. of Education.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An assumption of a possible thing as a fact, irrespective of the question of its truth.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Any like assumption made for convenience, as for passing more rapidly over what is not disputed, and arriving at points really at issue.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Fabrication; invention; fable; falsehood.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Fiction</er>, <er>Fabrication</er>. <i>Fiction</i> is opposed to what is real; <i>fabrication</i> to what is true. <i>Fiction</i> is designed commonly to amuse, and sometimes to instruct; a <i>fabrication</i> is always intended to mislead and deceive. In the novels of Sir Walter Scott we have <i>fiction</i> of the highest order. The poems of Ossian, so called, were chiefly <i>fabrications</i> by Macpherson.</usage>

<h1>Fictional</h1>
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<hw>Fic"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, fiction; fictitious; romantic.</def>"<i>Fictional</i> rather than historical."

<i>Latham.</i>

<h1>Fictionist</h1>
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<hw>Fic"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of fiction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Fictious</h1>
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<hw>Fic"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fictitious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Fictitious</h1>
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<hw>Fic*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fictitius</ets>. See <er>Fiction</er>.]</ety> <def>Feigned; imaginary; not real; fabulous; counterfeit; false; not genuine; <as>as, <ex>fictitious</ex> fame</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The human persons are as <b>fictitious</b> as the airy ones.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fic*ti"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fic*ti"tious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fictive</h1>
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<hw>Fic"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fictif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Feigned; counterfeit.</def> "The fount of <i>fictive</i> tears."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Fictor</h1>
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<hw>Fic"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>An artist who models or forms statues and reliefs in any plastic material.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Elmes.</i>

<h1>Ficus</h1>
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<hw>Fi"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a fig.]</ety> <def>A genus of trees or shrubs, one species of which (<spn>F. Carica</spn>) produces the figs of commerce; the fig tree.</def>

<note>&hand; <spn>Ficus Indica</spn> is the banyan tree; <spn>F. religiosa</spn>, the peepul tree; <spn>F. elastica</spn>, the India-rubber tree.</note>

<h1>Fid</h1>
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<hw>Fid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>fid</ets> a small, thick lump.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A square bar of wood or iron, used to support the topmast, being passed through a hole or mortise at its heel, and resting on the trestle trees.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wooden or metal bar or pin, used to support or steady anything.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pin of hard wood, tapering to a point, used to open the strands of a rope in splicing.</def>

<note>&hand; There are <i>hand fids</i> and <i>standing fids</i> (which are larger than the others, and stand upon a flat base). An iron implement for this purpose is called a <i>marline spike</i>.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A block of wood used in mounting and dismounting heavy guns.</def>

<h1>Fidalgo</h1>
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<hw>Fi*dal"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. See <er>Hidalgo</er>.]</ety> <def>The lowest title of nobility in Portugal, corresponding to that of <i>Hidalgo</i> in Spain.</def>

<h1>Fiddle</h1>
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<hw>Fid"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fidele</ets>, <ets>fithele</ets>, AS. <ets>fi<?/ele</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vedel</ets>, OHG. <ets>fidula</ets>, G. <ets>fiedel</ets>, Icel. <ets>fi<?/la</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>viol</ets>. Cf. <er>Viol</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A stringed instrument of music played with a bow; a violin; a kit.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of dock (<spn>Rumex pulcher</spn>) with fiddle-shaped leaves; -- called also <altname>fiddle dock</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rack or frame of bars connected by strings, to keep table furniture in place on the cabin table in bad weather.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<cs><col>Fiddle beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a Japanese carabid beetle (<spn>Damaster blaptoides</spn>); -- so called from the form of the body.</cd> -- <col>Fiddle block</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a long tackle block having two sheaves of different diameters in the same plane, instead of side by side as in a common double block.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>Fiddle bow</col>, <cd>fiddlestick.</cd> -- <col>Fiddle fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the angel fish.</cd> -- <col>Fiddle head</col>, <cd>an ornament on a ship's bow, curved like the volute or scroll at the head of a violin.</cd> -- <col>Fiddle pattern</col>, <cd>a form of the handles of spoons, forks, etc., somewhat like a violin.</cd> -- <col>Scotch fiddle</col>, the itch. (<mark>Low</mark>) -- <mcol><col>To play</col> <col>first, &or; second</col>, <col>fiddle</col></mcol>, <cd>to take a leading or a subordinate part. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Fiddle</h1>
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<hw>Fid"dle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fiddled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fiddling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To play on a fiddle.</def>

<blockquote>Themistocles . . . said he could not <b>fiddle</b>, but he could make a small town a great city.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To keep the hands and fingers actively moving as a fiddler does; to move the hands and fingers restlessy or in busy idleness; to trifle.</def>

<blockquote>Talking, and <b>fiddling</b> with their hats and feathers.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fiddle</h1>
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<hw>Fid"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To play (a tune) on a fiddle.</def>

<h1>Fiddledeedee</h1>
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<hw>Fid"dle*dee*dee`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>An exclamatory word or phrase, equivalent to <i>nonsense</i>!</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Foddle-faddle</h1>
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<hw>Fod"dle-fad`dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A trifle; trifling talk; nonsense.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<h1>Fiddle-faddle</h1>
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<hw>Fid"dle-fad`dle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To talk nonsense.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Fiddler</h1>
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<hw>Fid"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fi<?/elere</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who plays on a fiddle or violin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A burrowing crab of the genus <spn>Gelasimus</spn>, of many species. The male has one claw very much enlarged, and often holds it in a position similar to that in which a musician holds a fiddle, hence the name; -- called also <altname>calling crab</altname>, <altname>soldier crab</altname>, and <altname>fighting crab</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common European sandpiper (<spn>Tringoides hypoleucus</spn>); -- so called because it continually oscillates its body.</def>

<cs><col>Fiddler crab</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Fiddler</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fiddle-shaped</h1>
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<hw>Fid"dle-shaped`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Inversely ovate, with a deep hollow on each side.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Fiddlestick</h1>
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<hw>Fid"dle*stick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The bow, strung with horsehair, used in playing the fiddle; a fiddle bow.</def>

<h1>Fiddlestring</h1>
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<hw>Fid"dle*string`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the catgut strings of a fiddle.</def>

<h1>Fiddlewood</h1>
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<hw>Fid"dle*wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. F. bois-<ets>fid\'8ale</ets>, lit., faithful wood; -- so called from its durability.]</ety> <def>The wood of several West Indian trees, mostly of the genus <spn>Citharexylum</spn>.</def>

<h1>Fidejussion</h1>
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<hw>Fi`de*jus"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fidejussio</ets>, from <ets>fidejubere</ets> to be surety or bail; <ets>fides</ets> faith + <ets>jubere</ets> to order: cf. F. <ets>fid\'82jussion</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>The act or state of being bound as surety for another; suretyship.</def>

<h1>Fidejussor</h1>
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<hw>Fi`de*jus"sor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>fid\'82jusseur</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>A surety; one bound for another, conjointly with him; a guarantor.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Fidelity</h1>
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<hw>Fi*del"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fidelitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fid\'82lit\'82</ets>. See <er>Fealty</er>.]</ety> <def>Faithfulness; adherence to right; careful and exact observance of duty, or discharge of obligations.</def> Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Adherence to a person or party to which one is bound; loyalty.</def>

<blockquote>Whose courageous <b>fidelity</b> was proof to all danger.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The best security for the <b>fidelity</b> of men is to make interest coincide with duty.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Adherence to the marriage contract</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Adherence to truth; veracity; honesty</def>.

<blockquote>The principal thing required in a witness is <b>fidelity</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Faithfulness; honesty; integrity; faith; loyalty; fealty.</syn>

<h1>Fides</h1>
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<hw>Fi"des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., faith.]</ety> <fld>(Roman Muth.)</fld> <def>Faith personified as a goddess; the goddess of faith.</def>

<h1>Fidge</h1>
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<hw>Fidge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Fidget</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Fidget</h1>
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<hw>Fidg"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fidgeted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fodgeting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Fidge</er>; cf. OE. <ets>fiken</ets> to fidget, to flatter, Icel. <ets>fika</ets> to hasten, Sw. <ets>fika</ets> to hunt after, AS. <ets>befician</ets> to deceive. Cf. <er>Fickle</er>.]</ety> <def>To move uneasily one way and the other; to move irregularly, or by fits and starts.</def>

<i>Moore.</i>

<h1>Fidget</h1>
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<hw>Fidg"et</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Uneasiness; restlessness.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A general nervous restlessness, manifested by incessant changes of position; dysphoria.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Fidgetiness</h1>
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<hw>Fidg"et*i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being fidgety.</def>

<h1>Fidgety</h1>
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<hw>Fidg"et*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Restless; uneasy.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Fidia</h1>
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<hw>Fid"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., prob. fr. L. <ets>fidus</ets> trusty.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small beetles, of which one species (the grapevine Fidia, <spn>F. longipes</spn>) is very injurious to vines in America.</def>

<h1>Fidicinal</h1>
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<hw>Fi*dic"i*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fidicinus</ets>, fr. <ets>fidicen</ets>, <ets>-inis</ets>, a lute player.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a stringed instrument.</def>

<h1>Fiducial</h1>
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<hw>Fi*du"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fiducia</ets> trust, confidence; akin to <ets>fides</ets> faith. See <er>Faith</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having faith or trust; confident; undoubting; firm.</def> "<i>Fiducial</i> reliance on the promises of God."

<i>Hammond.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the nature of a trust; fiduciary; <as>as, <ex>fiducial</ex> power</as>.</def>

<i>Spelman.</i>

<cs><col>Fiducial edge</col> <fld>(Astron. & Surv.)</fld>, <cd>the straight edge of the alidade or ruler along which a straight line is to be drawn.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fiducial</col> <col>line &or; point</col></mcol> <fld>(Math. & Physics.)</fld>, <cd>a line or point of reference, as for setting a graduated circle or scale used for measurments.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fiducially</h1>
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<hw>Fi*du"cial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With confidence.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Fidiciary</h1>
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<hw>Fi*di"ci*a*ry</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fiduciarus</ets>, fr. <ets>fiducia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fiduciaire</ets>. See <er>Fiducial</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Involving confidence or trust; confident; undoubting; faithful; firm; <as>as, in a <ex>fiduciary</ex> capacity</as>.</def> "<i>Fiduciary</i> obedience."

<i>Howell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Holding, held, or founded, in trust.</def>

<i>Spelman.</i>

<h1>Fiduciary</h1>
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<hw>Fi*du"ci*a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who holds a thing in trust for another; a trustee.</def>

<blockquote>Instrumental to the conveying God's blessing upon those whose <b>fiduciaries</b> they are.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>One who depends for salvation on faith, without works; an Antinomian.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Fie</h1>
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<hw>Fie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fi</ets>; cf. D. <ets>fif</ets>. G. <ets>pfui</ets>, Icel. <ets>f<?/</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>fy</ets>, F. <ets>fi</ets>, L. <ets>fi</ets>, <ets>phy</ets>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation denoting contempt or dislike. See <er>Fy</er>.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Fief</h1>
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<hw>Fief</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fief</ets>; of German origin, and the same word as E. <ets>fee</ets>. See <er>Fee</er>, and cf. <er>Feud</er>, a tief.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An estate held of a superior on condition of military service; a fee; a feud. See under <er>Benefice</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<hr>
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Page 557<p>

<h1>Field</h1>
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<hw>Field</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>feld</ets>, <ets>fild</ets>, AS. <ets>feld</ets>; akin to D. <ets>veld</ets>, G. <ets>feld</ets>, Sw. <ets>f\'84lt</ets>, Dan. <ets>felt</ets>, Icel. <ets>fold</ets> field of grass, AS. <ets>folde</ets> earth, land, ground, OS. <ets>folda</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cleared land; land suitable for tillage or pasture; cultivated ground; the open country.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of land of considerable size; esp., a piece inclosed for tillage or pasture.</def>

<blockquote><b>Fields</b> which promise corn and wine.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A place where a battle is fought; also, the battle itself.</def>

<blockquote>In this glorious and well-foughten <b>field</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What though the <b>field</b> be lost?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An open space; an extent; an expanse.</def>  Esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any blank space or ground on which figures are drawn or projected.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The space covered by an optical instrument at one view.</def>

<blockquote>Without covering, save yon <b>field</b> of stars.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ask of yonder argent <b>fields</b> above.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The whole surface of an escutcheon; also, so much of it is shown unconcealed by the different bearings upon it. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Fess</er>, where the <i>field</i> is represented as gules (red), while the <i>fess</i> is argent (silver).</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An unresticted or favorable opportunity for action, operation, or achievement; province; room.</def>

<blockquote>Afforded a clear <b>field</b> for moral experiments.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A collective term for all the competitors in any outdoor contest or trial, or for all except the favorites in the betting.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>That part of the grounds reserved for the players which is outside of the diamond; -- called also <altname>outfield</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Field</i> is often used adjectively in the sense of <i>belonging to</i>, or <i>used in</i>, <i>the fields</i>; especially with reference to the operations and equipments of an army during a campaign away from permanent camps and fortifications. In most cases such use of the word is sufficiently clear; as, <i>field</i> battery; <i>field</i> fortification; <i>field</i> gun; <i>field</i> hospital, etc.  A <i>field</i> geologist, naturalist, etc., is one who makes investigations or collections out of doors.  A survey uses a <i>field</i> book for recording <i>field</i> notes, <it>i.e.</it>, measurment, observations, etc., made in <i>field</i> work (outdoor operations). A farmer or planter employs <i>field</i> hands, and may use a <i>field</i> roller or a <i>field</i> derrick. <i>Field</i> sports are hunting, fishing, athletic games, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Coal field</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Coal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Field artillery</col>, <cd>light ordnance mounted on wheels, for the use of a marching army.</cd> -- <col>Field basil</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the Mint family (<spn>Calamintha Acinos</spn>); -- called also <i>basil thyme<i>.</cd> -- <col>Field colors</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>small flags for marking out the positions for squadrons and battalions; camp colors.</cd> -- <col>Field cricket</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large European cricket (<spn>Gryllus campestric</spn>), remarkable for its loud notes.</cd> -- <col>Field day</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A day in the fields.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>A day when troops are taken into the field for instruction in evolutions.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A day of unusual exertion or display; a gala day.</cd> -- <col>Field driver</col>, <cd>in New England, an officer charged with the driving of stray cattle to the pound.</cd> -- <col>Field duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the little bustard (<spn>Otis tetrax</spn>), found in Southern Europe.</cd> -- <col>Field glass</col>. <fld>(Optics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A binocular telescope of compact form; a lorgnette; a race glass.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A small achromatic telescope, from 20 to 24 inches long, and having 3 to 6 draws.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Field lens</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Field lark</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The skylark.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The tree pipit.</cd> -- <col>Field lens</col> <fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>that one of the two lenses forming the eyepiece of an astronomical telescope or compound microscope which is nearer the object glass; -- called also <altname>field glass</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Field madder</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Sherardia arvensis</spn>) used in dyeing.</cd> -- <col>Field marshal</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the highest military rank conferred in the British and other European armies.</cd> -- <col>Field mouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a mouse inhabiting fields, as the campagnol and the deer mouse.</cd> See <er>Campagnol</er>, and <er>Deer mouse</er>. -- <col>Field officer</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>an officer above the rank of captain and below that of general.</cd> -- <col>Field officer's court</col> <fld>(U.S.Army)</fld>, <cd>a court-martial consisting of one field officer empowered to try all cases, in time of war, subject to jurisdiction of garrison and regimental courts.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i>  -- <col>Field plover</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the black-bellied plover (<spn>Charadrius squatarola</spn>); also sometimes applied to the Bartramian sandpiper (<spn>Bartramia longicauda</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Field spaniel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small spaniel used in hunting small game.</cd> -- <col>Field sparrow</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small American sparrow (<spn>Spizella pusilla</spn>).</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The hedge sparrow.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Field staff</col>> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a staff formerly used by gunners to hold a lighted match for discharging a gun.</cd> -- <col>Field vole</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European meadow mouse.</cd> -- <col>Field of ice</col>, <cd>a large body of floating ice; a pack.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Field</col>, &or; <col>Field of view</col></mcol>, <cd>in a telescope or microscope, the entire space within which objects are seen.</cd> -- <col>Field magnet</col>. <cd>see under <er>Magnet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Magnetic field</col>. <cd>See <er>Magnetic</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To back the field</col>, &or; <col>To bet on the field</col>. <cd>See under <er>Back</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></cd> -- <col>To keep the field</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>To continue a campaign.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To maintain one's ground against all comers.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To</col> <col>lay, &or; back</col>, <col>against the field</col></mcol>, <cd>to bet on (a horse, etc.) against all comers.</cd> -- <col>To take the field</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to enter upon a campaign.</cd></cs>

<h1>Field</h1>
<Xpage=557>

<hw>Field</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fielded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fielding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take the field.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Ball Playing)</fld> <def>To stand out in the field, ready to catch, stop, or throw the ball.</def>

<h1>Field</h1>
<Xpage=557>

<hw>Field</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Ball Playing)</fld> <def>To catch, stop, throw, etc. (the ball), as a fielder.</def>

<h1>Fielded</h1>
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<hw>Field"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Engaged in the field; encamped.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To help <b>fielded</b> friends.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fielden</h1>
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<hw>Field"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of fields.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>fielden</b> country also and plains.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fielder</h1>
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<hw>Field"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Ball Playing)</fld> <def>A ball payer who stands out in the field to catch or stop balls.</def>

<h1>Fieldfare</h1>
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<hw>Field"fare`</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>feldfare</ets>, AS. <ets>feldfare</ets>; field + <ets>faran</ets> to travel.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>a small thrush (<spn>Turdus pilaris</spn>) which breeds in northern Europe and winters in Great Britain. The head, nape, and lower part of the back are ash-colored; the upper part of the back and wing coverts, chestnut; -- called also <altname>fellfare</altname>.</def>

<h1>Fielding</h1>
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<hw>Field"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Ball Playing)</fld> <def>The act of playing as a fielder.</def>

<h1>Fieldpiece</h1>
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<hw>Field"piece`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cannon mounted on wheels, for the use of a marching army; a piece of field artillery; -- called also <altname>field gun</altname>.</def>

<h1>Fieldwork</h1>
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<hw>Field"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Any temporary fortification thrown up by an army in the field; -- commonly in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>All works which do not come under the head of permanent fortification are called <b>fieldworks</b>.
<i>Wilhelm.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fieldy</h1>
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<hw>Field"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Open, like a field.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Fiend</h1>
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<hw>Fiend</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fend</ets>, <ets>find</ets>, <ets>fiend</ets>, <ets>feond</ets>, fiend, foe, AS. <ets>fe\'a2nd</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>f\'c6ond</ets>, D. <ets>vijand</ets> enemy, OHG. <ets>f\'c6ant</ets>, G. <ets>feind</ets>, Icel. <ets>fj\'bend</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>fiende</ets>, Goth. <ets>fijands</ets>; orig. p.pr. of a verb meaning <ets>to hate</ets>, AS. <ets>fe\'a2n</ets>, <ets>fe\'a2gan</ets>, OHG. <ets>f\'c6<?/n</ets>, Goth. <ets>fijan</ets>, Skr. <ets>p\'c6y</ets> to scorn; prob. akin to E. <ets>feud</ets> a quarrel. \'fb81. Cf. <er>Foe</er>, <er>Friend</er>.]</ety> <def>An implacable or malicious foe; one who is diabolically wicked or cruel; an infernal being; -- applied specifically to the devil or a demon.</def>

<blockquote>Into this wild abyss the wary <b>fiend</b>
Stood on the brink of Hell and looked a while.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O woman! woman! when to ill thy mind
Is bent, all hell contains no fouler <b>fiend</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fiendful</h1>
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<hw>Fiend"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of fiendish spirit or arts.</def>

<i>Marlowe.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fiend"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fiendish</h1>
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<hw>Fiend"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a fiend; diabolically wicked or cruel; infernal; malignant; devilish; hellish.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fiend"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fiend"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fiendlike</h1>
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<hw>Fiend"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fiendish; diabolical.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Fiendly</h1>
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<hw>Fiend"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fe\'a2ndlic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fiendlike; monstrous; devilish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fierasfer</h1>
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<hw>Fi`e*ras"fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small, slender fishes, remarkable for their habit of living as commensals in other animals. One species inhabits the gill cavity of the pearl oyster near Panama; another lives within an East Indian holothurian.</def>

<h1>Fierce</h1>
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<hw>Fierce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Fiercer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Fiercest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fers</ets>, <ets>fiers</ets>, OF. <ets>fier</ets>, nom. <ets>fiers</ets>, fierce, savage, cruel, F. <ets>fier</ets> proud, from L. <ets>ferus</ets> wild, savage, cruel; perh. akin to E. <ets>bear</ets> the animal. Cf. <er>Feral</er>, <er>Ferocity</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Furious; violent; unrestrained; impetuous; <as>as, a <ex>fierce</ex> wind</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>fierce</b> thunder drove us to the deep.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Vehement in anger or cruelty; ready or eager to kill or injure; of a nature to inspire terror; ferocious.</def> "A <i>fierce</i> whisper." <i>Dickens.</i> "A <i>fierce</i> tyrant." <i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>fierce</b> foe hung upon our broken rear.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou huntest me as a <b>fierce</b> lion.
<i>Job. x. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Excessively earnest, eager, or ardent.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Ferocious; savage; cruel; vehement; impetuous; barbarous; fell. See <er>Ferocious</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fierce"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fierce"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fieri facias</h1>
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<hw>Fi"e*ri fa"ci*as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., cause it to be done.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A judicial writ that lies for one who has recovered in debt or damages, commanding the sheriff that he cause to be made of the goods, chattels, or real estate of the defendant, the sum claimed.</def>

<i>Blackstone. Cowell.</i>

<h1>Fieriness</h1>
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<hw>Fi"er*i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being fiery; heat; acrimony; irritability; <as>as, a <ex>fieriness</ex> of temper</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Fiery</h1>
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<hw>Fi"er*y</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Formerly written <ets>firy</ets>, fr. <ets>fire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of, containing, or resembling, fire; <as>as, the <ex>fiery</ex> gulf of Etna; a <ex>fiery</ex> appearance.</as></def>

<blockquote>And <b>fiery</b> billows roll below.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Vehement; ardent; very active; impetuous.</def>

<blockquote>Hath thy <b>fiery</b> heart so parched thine entrails?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>fiery</b> spirit of his forefathers.
<i>W. Irwing.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Passionate; easily provoked; irritable.</def>

<blockquote>You kniw the <b>fiery</b> quality of the duke.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Unrestrained; fierce; mettlesome; spirited.</def>

<blockquote>One curbed the <b>fiery</b> steed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>heated by fire, or as if by fire; burning hot; parched; feverish.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>The sword which is made <b>fiery</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fiery cross</col>, <cd>a cross constructed of two firebrands, and pitched upon the point of a spear; formerly in Scotland borne by a runner as a signal for the clan to take up arms.</cd></cs>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Fife</h1>
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<hw>Fife</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fifre</ets>, OHG. <ets>pf\'c6fa</ets>, LL. <ets>pipa</ets> pipe, <ets>pipare</ets> to play on the pipe, fr. L. <ets>pipire</ets>, <ets>pipare</ets>, to peep, pip, chirp, as a chiken. See <er>Pipe</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A small shrill pipe, resembling the piccolo flute, used chiefly to accompany the drum in military music.</def>

<cs><col>Fife major</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a noncommissioned officer who superintends the fifers of a regiment.</cd> -- <col>Fife rail</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A rail about the mast, at the deck, to hold belaying pins, etc.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A railing around the break of a poop deck.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fife</h1>
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<hw>Fife</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fifed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>fifing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To play on a fife.</def>

<h1>Fifer</h1>
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<hw>Fif"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who plays on a fife.</def>

<h1>Fifteen</h1>
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<hw>Fif"teen`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fiftene</ets>, AS. <ets>f\'c6ft<?/ne</ets>, <ets>f\'c6ft<?/ne</ets>. See <er>Five</er>, and <er>Ten</er>, and cf. <er>Fifty</er>.]</ety> <def>Five and ten; one more than fourteen.</def>

<h1>Fifteen</h1>
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<hw>Fif"teen`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The sum of five and ten; fifteen units or objects.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A symbol representing fifteen units, as 15, or xv.</def>

<h1>Fifteenth</h1>
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<hw>Fif"teenth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fiftenthe</ets>; cf. <ets>fiftethe</ets>, AS. <ets>f\'c6fte<?/<?/a</ets>. See <er>Fifteen</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Next in order after the fourteenth; -- the ordinal of fifteen.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of one of fifteen equal parts or divisions of a thing.</def>

<h1>Fifteenth</h1>
<Xpage=557>

<hw>Fif"teenth`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of fifteen equal parts or divisions; the quotient of a unit divided by fifteen.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A species of tax upon personal property formerly laid on towns, boroughs, etc., in England, being one fifteenth part of what the personal property in each town, etc., had been valued at.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A stop in an organ tuned two octaves above the diaposon.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An interval consisting of two octaves.</def>

<h1>Fifth</h1>
<Xpage=557>

<hw>Fifth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fifte</ets>, <ets>fifthe</ets>, AS. <ets>f\'c6fta</ets>. See <er>Five</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Next in order after the fourth; -- the ordinal of five.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of one of five equal divisions of a thing.</def>

<cs><col>Fifth monarchy men</col> <fld>(Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a fanatical sect in England, of the time of the commonwealth, who maintained that there would be a fifth universal monarchy, during which Christ would reign on earth a thousand years.</cd> -- <col>Fifth wheel</col>, <cd>a horizontal wheel or segment above the fore axle of a carriage and beneath the body, forming an extended support to prevent careening.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fifth</h1>
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<hw>Fifth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quotient of a unit divided by five; one of five equal parts; a fifth part.</def><-- a fifth of whiskey = a fifth of a gallon -->

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The interval of three tones and a semitone, embracing five diatonic degrees of the scale; the dominant of any key.</def>

<h1>Fifthly</h1>
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<hw>Fifth"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the fifth place; as the fifth in order.</def>

<h1>Fiftieth</h1>
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<hw>Fif"ti*eth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>f\'c6ftigo<?/a</ets>. See <er>Fifty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Next in order after the forty-ninth; -- the ordinal of fifty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of one of fifty equal parts or divisions.</def>

<h1>Fiftieth</h1>
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<hw>Fif"ti*eth</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of fifty equal parts; the quotient of a unit divided by fifty.</def>

<h1>Fifty</h1>
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<hw>Fif"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>f\'c6ftig</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>finfzug</ets>, <ets>fimfzug</ets>, G. <ets>f\'81nfzig</ets>, <ets>funfzig</ets>, Goth. <ets>fimftigjus</ets>. See <er>Five</er>, and <er>Ten</er>, and cf. <er>Fifteen</er>.]</ety> <def>Five times ten; <as>as, <ex>fifty</ex> men</as>.</def>

<h1>Fifty</h1>
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<hw>Fif"ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fifties</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The sum of five tens; fifty units or objects.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A symbol representing fifty units, as 50, or l.</def>

<h1>Fig</h1>
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<hw>Fig</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>figue</ets> the fruit of the tree, Pr. <ets>figa</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ficus</ets> fig tree, fig. Cf. <er>Fico</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small fruit tree (<spn>Ficus Carica</spn>) with large leaves, known from the remotest antiquity. It was probably native from Syria westward to the Canary Islands.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fruit of a fig tree, which is of round or oblong shape, and of various colors.</def>

<note>&hand; The fruit of a fig tree is really the hollow end of a stem, and bears numerous achenia inside the cavity. Many species have little, hard, inedible figs, and in only a few does the fruit become soft and pulpy. The fruit of the cultivated varieties is much prized in its fresh state, and also when dried or preserved. See <er>Caprification</er>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small piece of tobacco.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The value of a fig, practically nothing; a fico; -- used in scorn or contempt.</def> "A <i>fig</i> for Peter."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Cochineal fig</col>. <cd>See <er>Conchineal fig</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fig dust</col>, <cd>a preparation of fine oatmeal for feeding caged birds.</cd> -- <col>Fig faun</col>, <cd>one of a class of rural deities or monsters supposed to live on figs. "Therefore shall dragons dwell there with the <i>fig fauns<i>."</cd> <i>Jer. i. 39. (Douay version).</i> -- <col>Fig gnat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small fly said to be injurious to figs.</cd> -- <col>Fig leaf</col>, <cd>the leaf tree; hence, in allusion to the first clothing of Adam and Eve (Genesis iii.7), a covering for a thing that ought to be concealed; esp., an inadequate covering; a symbol for affected modesty.</cd> -- <col>Fig marigold</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the name of several plants of the genus <spn>Mesembryanthemum</spn>, some of which are prized for the brilliancy and beauty of their flowers.</cd> -- <col>Fig tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any tree of the genus <spn>Ficus</spn>, but especially <spn>F. Carica</spn> which produces the fig of commerce.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fig</h1>
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<hw>Fig</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fico</er>, <er>Fig</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To insult with a fico, or contemptuous motion. See <er>Fico</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When Pistol lies, do this, and <b>fig</b> me like
The bragging Spaniard.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put into the head of, as something useless o<?/ contemptible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Fig</h1>
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<hw>Fig</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Figure; dress; array.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Were they all in full <b>fig</b>, the females with feathers on their heads, the males with chapeaux bras?
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Figaro</h1>
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<hw>Fi`ga`ro"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the name of the barber in Beaumarchais' "Barber of Seville."]</ety> <def>An adroi<?/ and unscrupulous intriguer.</def>

<h1>Figary</h1>
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<hw>Fig"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>vagary</ets>.]</ety> <def>A frolic; a vagary; a whim.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Figeater</h1>
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<hw>Fig"eat`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A large beetle (<spn>Allorhina nitida</spn>) which in the Southern United States destroys figs.  The elytra are velvety green with pale borders.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A bird. See <er>Figpecker</er>.</def>

<h1>Figent</h1>
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<hw>Fig"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fidgety; restless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Such a little <b>figent</b> thing.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Figgum</h1>
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<hw>Fig"gum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A juggler's trick; conjuring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The devil is the author of wicked <b>figgum</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fight</h1>
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<hw>Fight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fought</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fighting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fihten</ets>, <ets>fehten</ets>, AS. <ets>feohtan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vechten</ets>, OHG. <ets>fehtan</ets>, G. <ets>fechten</ets>, Sw. <ets>f\'84kta</ets>, Dan. <ets>fegte</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>fist</ets>; cf. L. <ets>pugnare</ets> to fight, <ets>pugnus</ets> fist.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strive or contened for victory, with armies or in single combat; to attempt to defeat, subdue, or destroy an enemy, either by blows or weapons; to contend in arms; -- followed by <i>with</i> or <i>against</i>.</def>

<blockquote>You do <b>fight</b> against your country's foes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>fight</b> with thee no man of arms will deign.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act in opposition to anything; to struggle against; to contend; to strive; to make resistance.</def>

<cs><col>To fight shy</col>, <cd>to avoid meeting fairly or at close quarters; to keep out of reach.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fight</h1>
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<hw>Fight</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To carry on, or wage, as a conflict, or battle; to win or gain by struggle, as one's way; to sustain by fighting, as a cause.</def>

<blockquote>He had to <b>fight</b> his way through the world.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have <b>fought</b> a good fight.
<i>2 Tim. iv. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To contend with in battle; to war against; <as>as, they <ex>fought</ex> the enemy in two pitched battles; the sloop <ex>fought</ex> the frigate for three hours.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to fight; to manage or maneuver in a fight; <as>as, to <ex>fight</ex> cocks; to <ex>fight</ex> one's ship.</as></def>

<cs><col>To fight it out</col>, <cd>to fight until a decisive and conclusive result is reached.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="558">
Page 558<p>

<h1>Fight</h1>
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<hw>Fight</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fight</ets>, <ets>feht</ets>, AS. <ets>feoht</ets>. See <er>Fight</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A battle; an engagement; a contest in arms; a combat; a violent conflict or struggle for victory, between individuals or between armies, ships, or navies, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Who now defies thee thrice to single <b>fight</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A struggle or contest of any kind.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Strength or disposition for fighting; pugnacity; <as>as, he has a great deal of <ex>fight</ex> in him</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A screen for the combatants in ships.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Up with your <b>fights</b>, and your nettings prepare.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Running fight</col>, <cd>a fight in which the enemy is continually chased; also, one which continues without definite end or result.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Combat; engagement; contest; struggle; encounter; fray; affray; action; conflict. See <er>Battle</er>.</syn>

<h1>Fighter</h1>
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<hw>Fight"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>feohtere</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who fights; a combatant; a warrior.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fighting</h1>
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<hw>Fight"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Qualified for war; fit for battle.</def>

<blockquote>An host of <b>fighting</b> men.
<i>2 Chron. xxvi. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Occupied in war; being the scene of a battle; <as>as, a <ex>fighting</ex> field</as>.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<cs><col>A fighting chance</col>, <cd>one dependent upon the issue of a struggle.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Fighting crab</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the fiddler crab.</cd> -- <col>Fighting fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a remarkably pugnacious East Indian fish (<spn>Betta pugnax</spn>), reared by the Siamese for spectacular fish fights.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fightingly</h1>
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<hw>Fight"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Pugnaciously.</def>

<h1>Fightwite</h1>
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<hw>Fight"wite`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fight</ets> + <ets>wite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O.Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A mulct or fine imposed on a person for making a fight or quarrel to the disturbance of the peace.</def>

<h1>Figment</h1>
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<hw>Fig"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>figmentum</ets>, fr. <ets>fingere</ets> to form, shape, invent, feign. See <er>Feign</er>.]</ety> <def>An invention; a fiction; something feigned or imagined.</def>

<blockquote>Social <b>figments</b>, feints, and formalism.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It carried rather an appearance of <b>figment</b> and invention . . . than of truth and reality.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pigpecker</h1>
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<hw>Pig"peck`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European garden warbler (<spn>Sylvia, &or; Currica, hortensis</spn>); -- called also <altname>beccafico</altname> and <altname>greater pettychaps</altname>.</def>

<h1>Fig-shell</h1>
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<hw>Fig"-shell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine univalve shell of the genus <spn>Pyrula</spn>, or <spn>Ficula</spn>, resembling a fig in form.</def>

<h1>Figulate, Figulated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fig"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fig"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>figulatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>figulare</ets> to shape, fr. <ets>figulus</ets> potter, fr. <ets>fingere</ets> to shape.]</ety> <def>Made of potter's clay; molded; shaped.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Figuline</h1>
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<hw>Fig"u*line</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>figulina</ets> pottery, fr. <ets>figulus</ets>. See <er>Figulate</er>.]</ety> <def>A piece of pottery ornamented with representations of natural objects.</def>

<blockquote>Whose <b>figulines</b> and rustic wares
Scarce find him bread from day to day.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Figurability</h1>
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<hw>Fig`ur*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>figurabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being figurable.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Figurable</h1>
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<hw>Fig`ur*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>figurare</ets> to form, shape, fr. <ets>figura</ets> figure: cf. F. <ets>figurable</ets>. See <er>Figure</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being brought to a fixed form or shape.</def>

<blockquote>Lead is <b>figurable</b>, but water is not.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Figural</h1>
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<hw>Fig"ur*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Figure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Represented by figure or delineation; consisting of figures; <as>as, <ex>figural</ex> ornaments</as>.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Figurate. See <er>Figurate</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Figural numbers</col>. <cd>See <cref>Figurate numbers</cref>, under <er>Figurate</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Figurant</h1>
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<hw>Fig"u*rant`</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n. masc.</tt> <ety>[F., prop. p.pr. of <ets>figurer</ets> figure, represent, make a figure.]</ety> <def>One who dances at the opera, not singly, but in groups or figures; an accessory character on the stage, who figures in its scenes, but has nothing to say; hence, one who figures in any scene, without taking a prominent part.</def>

<h1>Figurante</h1>
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<hw>Fig"u*rante`</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n. fem.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A female figurant; esp., a ballet girl.</def>

<h1>Figurate</h1>
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<hw>Fig"ur*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>figuratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>figurare</ets>. See <er>Figure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of a definite form or figure.</def>

<blockquote>Plants are all <b>figurate</b> and determinate, which inanimate bodies are not.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Figurative; metaphorical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Florid; figurative; involving passing discords by the freer melodic movement of one or more parts or voices in the harmony; <as>as, <ex>figurate</ex> counterpoint or descant</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Figurate counterpoint</col> &or; <col>descant</col></mcol> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>that which is not simple, or in which the parts do not move together tone for tone, but in which freer movement of one or more parts mingles passing discords with the harmony; -- called also <altname>figural</altname>, <altname>figurative</altname>, and <altname>figured counterpoint</altname> or <altname>descant</altname> (although the term <i>figured<i> is more commonly applied to a bass with numerals written above or below to indicate the other notes of the harmony).</cd> -- <col>Figurate numbers</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>numbers, or series of numbers, formed from any arithmetical progression in which the first term is a unit, and the difference a whole number, by taking the first term, and the sums of the first two, first three, first four, etc., as the successive terms of a new series, from which another may be formed in the same manner, and so on, the numbers in the resulting series being such that points representing them are capable of symmetrical arrangement in different geometrical figures, as triangles, squares, pentagons, etc.</cd> <note>In the following example, the two lower lines are composed of <i>figurate numbers<i>, those in the second line being <i>triangular<i>, and represented thus: --

                        .              1, 2,  3,  4, etc.
              .        . .             1, 3,  6, 10, etc.
      .      . .     . . . .   etc.    1, 4, 10, 20, etc
 .   . .   . . . .  . . . . .
</note></cs>

<h1>Figurated</h1>
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<hw>Fig"ur*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a determinate form.</def>

<h1>Figurately</h1>
<Xpage=558>

<hw>Fig"ur*ate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a figurate manner.</def>

<h1>Figuration</h1>
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<hw>Fig`u*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>figuratio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of giving figure or determinate form; determination to a certain form.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Mixture of concords and discords.</def>

<h1>Figurative</h1>
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<hw>Fig"ur*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>figurativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>figuratif</ets>. See <er>Figurative</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Representing by a figure, or by resemblance; typical; representative.</def>

<blockquote>This, they will say, was <b>figurative</b>, and served, by God's appointment, but for a time, to shadow out the true glory of a more divine sanctity.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Used in a sense that is tropical, as a metaphor; not literal; -- applied to words and expressions.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Ambounding in figures of speech; flowery; florid; <as>as, a highly <ex>figurative</ex> description</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Relating to the representation of form or figure by drawing, carving, etc. See <er>Figure</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<blockquote>They belonged to a nation dedicated to the <b>figurative</b> arts, and they wrote for a public familiar with painted form.
<i>J. A. Symonds.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Figurative counterpoint</col><???/ &or; <col>descant</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Figurate</er>.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fig"ur*a*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fig"ur*a*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Figure</h1>
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<hw>Fig"ure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., <ets>figure</ets>, L. <ets>figura</ets>; akin to <ets>fingere</ets> to form, shape, feign. See <er>Feign</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The form of anything; shape; outline; appearance.</def>

<blockquote>Flowers have all exquisite <b>figures</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The representation of any form, as by drawing, painting, modeling, carving, embroidering, etc.; especially, a representation of the human body; <as>as, a <ex>figure</ex> in bronze; a <ex>figure</ex> cut in marble.</as></def>

<blockquote>A coin that bears the <b>figure</b> of an angel.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pattern in cloth, paper, or other manufactured article; a design wrought out in a fabric; <as>as, the muslin was of a pretty <ex>figure</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A diagram or drawing; made to represent a magnitude or the relation of two or more magnitudes; a surface or space inclosed on all sides; -- called <i>superficial</i> when inclosed by lines, and <i>solid</i> when inclosed by surface; any arrangement made up of points, lines, angles, surfaces, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The appearance or impression made by the conduct or carrer of a person; <as>as, a sorry <ex>figure</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>I made some <b>figure</b> there.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Gentlemen of the best <b>figure</b> in the county.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Distinguished appearance; magnificence; conspicuous representation; splendor; show.</def>

<blockquote>That he may live in <b>figure</b> and indulgence.
<i>Law.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A character or symbol representing a number; a numeral; a digit; as, 1, 2,3, etc.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Value, as expressed in numbers; price; <as>as, the goods are estimated or sold at a low <ex>figure</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>With nineteen thousand a year at the very lowest <b>figure</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A person, thing, or action, conceived of as analogous to another person, thing, or action, of which it thus becomes a type or representative.</def>

<blockquote>Who is the <b>figure</b> of Him that was to come.
<i>Rom. v. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A mode of expressing abstract or immaterial ideas by words which suggest pictures or images from the physical world; pictorial language; a trope; hence, any deviation from the plainest form of statement.</def>

<blockquote>To represent the imagination under the <b>figure</b> of a wing.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The form of a syllogism with respect to the relative position of the middle term.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Dancing)</fld> <def>Any one of the several regular steps or movements made by a dancer.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>A horoscope; the diagram of the aspects of the astrological houses.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>14.</b> <fld>(Music)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any short succession of notes, either as melody or as a group of chords, which produce a single complete and distinct impression</def>.</def>

<i>Grove.</i>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A form of melody or accompaniment kept up through a strain or passage; a musical or motive; a florid embellishment</def>.

<note>&hand; Figures are often written upon the staff in music to denote the kind of measure. They are usually in the form of a fraction, the upper figure showing how many notes of the kind indicated by the lower are contained in one measure or bar. Thus, <musfig>2/4</musfig> signifies that the measure contains two quarter notes. The following are the principal figures used for this purpose: --
<-- the "figures" illustrated here have a bar through each number and cannot be represented as simple fractions, thus the special "musfig" field notation.  The following numbers are contained in a single line of large  (ca. 14 pt.) bold type -->

<musfig>2/2</musfig><musfig>2/4</musfig><musfig>2/8</musfig> <musfig>4/2</musfig><musfig>2/4</musfig><musfig>4/8</musfig> <musfig>3/2</musfig><musfig>3/4</musfig><musfig>3/8</musfig> <musfig>6/4</musfig><musfig>6/4</musfig><musfig>6/8</musfig>
</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Academy figure</col>, <col>Canceled figures</col>, <col>Lay figure</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Academy</er>, <er>Cancel</er>, <er>Lay</er>, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Figure caster</col>, &or; <col>Figure flinger</col></mcol>, <cd>an astrologer. This <i>figure caster<i>."</cd> <i>Milton.</i> -- <col>Figure flinging</col>, <cd>the practice of astrology.</cd> -- <col>Figure-of-eight knot</col>, <cd>a knot shaped like the figure 8. See <i>Illust<i>. under <er>Knot</er>.</cd> -- <col>Figure painting</col>, <cd>a picture of the human figure, or the act or art of depicting the human figure.</cd> -- <col>Figure stone</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>agalmatolite.</cd> -- <col>Figure weaving</col>, <cd>the art or process of weaving figured fabrics.</cd> -- <col>To cut a figure</col>, <cd>to make a display. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></cs>

<h1>Figure</h1>
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<hw>Fig"ure</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Figured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Figuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>figurer</ets>, L. <ets>figurare</ets>, fr. <ets>figura</ets>. See <er>Figure</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To represent by a figure, as to form or mold; to make an image of, either palpable or ideal; also, to fashion into a determinate form; to shape.</def>

<blockquote>If love, alas! be pain I bear,

<blockquote>No thought can <b>figure</b>, and no tongue declare.Prior.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To embellish with design; to adorn with figures.</def>

<blockquote>The vaulty top of heaven
<b>Figured</b> quite o'er with burning meteors.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To indicate by numerals; also, to compute.</def>

<blockquote>As through a crystal glass the <b>figured</b> hours are seen.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To represent by a metaphor; to signify or symbolize.</def>

<blockquote>Whose white vestments <b>figure</b> innocence.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To prefigure; to foreshow.</def>

<blockquote>In this the heaven <b>figures</b> some event.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To write over or under the bass, as figures or other characters, in order to indicate the accompanying chords.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To embellish.</def>

<cs><col>To figure out</col>, <cd>to solve; to compute or find the result of.</cd> -- <col>To figure up</col>, <cd>to add; to reckon; to compute the amount of.</cd></cs>

<h1>Figure</h1>
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<hw>Fig"ure</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a figure; to be distinguished or conspicious; <as>as, the envoy <ex>figured</ex> at court</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sociable, hospitable, eloquent, admired, <b>figuring</b> away brilliantly.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To calculate; to contrive; to scheme; <as>as, he is <ex>figuring</ex> to secure the nomination</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Figured</h1>
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<hw>Fig"ured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Adorned with figures; marked with figures; <as>as, <ex>figured</ex> muslin</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not literal; figurative.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Free and florid; <as>as, a <ex>figured</ex> descant</as>. See <er>Figurate</er>, 3.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Indicated or noted by figures.</def>

<cs><col>Figured bass</col>. <cd>See <cref>Continued bass</cref>, under <er>Continued</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Figurehead</h1>
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<hw>Fig"ure*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The figure, statue, or bust, on the prow of a ship.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person who allows his name to be used to give standing to enterprises in which he has no responsible interest or duties; a nominal, but not real, head or chief.</def>

<h1>Figurial</h1>
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<hw>Fi*gu"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Represented by figure or delineation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>Figurine</h1>
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<hw>Fi`gu`rine"</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., <ets>dim</ets>. <ets>of figure</ets>.]</ety> <def>A very small figure, whether human or of an animal; especially, one in terra cotta or the like; -- distinguished from <i>statuette</i>, which is applied to small figures in bronze, marble, etc.</def>

<h1>Figurist</h1>
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<hw>Fig"ur*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who uses or interprets figurative expressions.</def>

<i>Waterland.</i>

<h1>Figwort</h1>
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<hw>Fig"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbaceous plants (<spn>Scrophularia</spn>), mostly found in the north temperate zones. See <er>Brownwort</er>.</def>

<h1>Fijian</h1>
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<hw>Fi"ji*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Fiji islands or their inhabitants.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of the Fiji islands.</def></def2> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Feejeean</asp>, <asp>Feejee</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Fike</h1>
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<hw>Fike</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Fyke</er>.</def>

<h1>Fil</h1>
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<hw>Fil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Fall</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> Fell.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Filaceous</h1>
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<hw>Fi*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>filum</ets> thread.]</ety> <def>Composed of threads.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Filacer</h1>
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<hw>Fil"a*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>filace</ets> a file, or thread, on which the records of the courts of justice were strung, F. <ets>filasse</ets> tow of flax or hemp, fr. L. <ets>filum</ets> thread.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A former officer in the English Court of Common Pleas; -- so called because he <i>filed</i> the writs on which he made out process.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Filament</h1>
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<hw>Fil"a*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>filament</ets>, fr. L. <ets>filum</ets> thread. See <er>File</er> a row.]</ety> <def>A thread or threadlike object or appendage; a fiber; esp. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, the threadlike part of the stamen supporting the anther.</def>

<h1>Filamentary</h1>
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<hw>Fil`a*men"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the character of, or formed by, a filament.</def>

<h1>Filametoid</h1>
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<hw>Fil"a*metoid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Filament</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like a filament.</def>

<h1>Filamentous</h1>
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<hw>Fil`a*men"tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>filamenteux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like a thread; consisting of threads or filaments.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Filander</h1>
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<hw>Fil"an*der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of kangaroo (<spn>Macropus Brunii</spn>), inhabiting New Guinea.</def>

<h1>Filanders</h1>
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<hw>Fil"an*ders</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>filandres</ets>, fr. L. <ets>filum</ets> thread.]</ety> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>A disease in hawks, characterized by the presence of small threadlike worms, also of filaments of coagulated blood, from the rupture of a vein; -- called also <altname>backworm</altname>.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Filar</h1>
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<hw>Fi"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>filum</ets> a thread.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a thread or line; characterized by threads stretched across the field of view; <as>as, a <ex>filar</ex> microscope; a <ex>filar</ex> micrometer.</as></def>

<h1>Filaria</h1>
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<hw>Fi*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>filum</ets> a thread.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of slender, nematode worms of many species, parasitic in various animals. See <er>Guinea worm</er>.</def>

<h1>Filatory</h1>
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<hw>Fil"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>filatorium</ets> place for spinning, fr. <ets>filare</ets> to spin, fr. L. <ets>filum</ets> a thread.]</ety> <def>A machine for forming threads.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Tooke.</i>

<h1>Filature</h1>
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<hw>Fil"a*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>filatura</ets>, fr. <ets>filare</ets> to spin: cf. F. <ets>filature</ets>. See <er>Filatory</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A drawing out into threads; hence, the reeling of silk from cocoons.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A reel for drawing off silk from cocoons; also, an establishment for reeling silk.</def>

<h1>Filbert</h1>
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<hw>Fil"bert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. fr. <ets>fill + bread</ets>, as filling the bread or husk; cf. G. <ets>bartnuss</ets> (lit., bread nut) filbert; or perh. named from a St.<ets>Philibert</ets>, whose day, Aug. 22, fell in the nutting season.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit of the <spn>Corylus Avellana</spn> or hazel. It is an oval nut, containing a kernel that has a mild, farinaceous, oily taste, agreeable to the palate.</def>

<note>&hand; In England <i>filberts</i> are usually large hazelnuts, especially the nuts from selected and cultivated trees. The American hazelnuts are of two other species.</note>

<cs><col>Filbert gall</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a gall resembling a filbert in form, growing in clusters on grapevines. It is produced by the larva of a gallfly (<spn>Cecidomyia</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Filch</h1>
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<hw>Filch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Filched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Filching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>feol<?/n</ets> to stick to, OHG. <ets>felhan</ets>, <ets>felahan</ets>, to hide, Icel. <ets>fela</ets>, Goth. <ets>filhan</ets> to hide, bury, Prov. E. <ets>feal</ets> to hide slyly, OE. <ets>felen</ets>.]</ety> <def>To steal or take privily (commonly, that which is of little value); to pilfer.</def>

<blockquote>Fain would they <b>filch</b> that little food away.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But he that <b>filches</b> from me my good name,
Robs me of that which not enriches him,
And makes me poor indeed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Filcher</h1>
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<hw>Filch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who filches; a thief.</def>

<h1>Filchingly</h1>
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<hw>Filch"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By pilfering or petty stealing.</def>

<hr>
<page="559">
Page 559<p>

<h1>File</h1>
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<hw>File</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>file</ets> row (cf. Pr., Sp., Pg., & It. <ets>fila</ets>), LL. <ets>fila</ets>, fr. L. <ets>filum</ets> a thread. Cf. <er>Enfilade</er>, <er>Filament</er>, <er>Fillet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An orderly succession; a line; a row</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <sd>(Mil)</sd> <def>A row of soldiers ranged one behind another; -- in contradistinction to <contr>rank</contr>, which designates a row of soldiers standing abreast; a number consisting the depth of a body of troops, which, in the ordinary modern formation, consists of two men, the battalion standing two deep, or in two ranks</def>.</def>

<note>&hand; The number of <i>files</i> in a company describes its width, as the number of ranks does its depth; thus, 100 men in "fours deep" would be spoken of as 25 <i>files</i> in 4 ranks.

<i>Farrow.</i>
</note>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An orderly collection of papers, arranged in sequence or classified for preservation and reference; as, <i>files</i> of letters or of newspapers; this mail brings English <i>files</i> to the 15th instant</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The line, wire, or other contrivance, by which papers are put and kept in order</def>.

<blockquote>It is upon a <b>file</b> with the duke's other letters.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>A roll or list</def>. "A <i>file</i> of all the gentry."

<i>Shak.</i>

<-- (e) (computer) a collection of data on a recording medium treated as a unit for the purpose of recording or reading, accesible by use of a file name. -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Course of thought; thread of narration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Let me resume the <b>file</b> of my narration.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>File firing</col>, <cd>the act of firing by file, or each file independently of others.</cd> -- <col>File leader</col>, <cd>the soldier at the front of any file, who covers and leads those in rear of him.</cd> -- <col>File marching</col>, <cd>the marching of a line two deep, when faced to the right or left, so that the front and rear rank march side by side.</cd> <i>Brande & C.</i>  --<mcol><col>Indian file</col>, &or; <col>Single file</col></mcol>, <cd>a line of men marching one behind another; a single row.</cd> -- <col>On file</col>, <cd>preserved in an orderly collection.</cd> -- <col>Rank and file</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The body of soldiers constituing the mass of an army, including corporals and privates.</cd></cs> <i>Wilhelm.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Those who constitute the bulk or working members of a party, society, etc., in distinction from the leaders.</cd></cs>

<h1>File</h1>
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<hw>File</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Filed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Filing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set in order; to arrange, or lay away, esp. as papers in a methodical manner for preservation and reverence; to place on file; to insert in its proper place in an arranged body of papers.</def>

<blockquote>I would have my several courses and my dishes well <b>filed</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring before a court or legislative body by presenting proper papers in a regular way; <as>as, to <ex>file</ex> a petition or bill</as>.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To put upon the files or among the records of a court; to note on (a paper) the fact date of its reception in court.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>file</b> a paper, on the part of a party, is to place it in the official custody of the clerk. To <b>file</b>, on the part of the clerk, is to indorse upon the paper the date of its reception, and retain it in his office, subject to inspection by whomsoever it may concern.
<i>Burrill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>File</h1>
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<hw>File</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>filer</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To march in a file or line, as soldiers, not abreast, but one after another; -- generally with <i>off</i>.</def>

<cs><col>To file with</col>, <cd>to follow closely, as one soldier after another in file; to keep pace.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>My endeavors
Have ever come too short of my desires,
Yet <b>filed with</b> my abilities.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>File</h1>
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<hw>File</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fe\'a2l</ets>; akin to D. <ets>viji</ets>, OHG. <ets>f\'c6la</ets>, <ets>f\'c6hala</ets>, G. <ets>feile</ets>, Sw. <ets>fil</ets>, Dan. <ets>fiil</ets>, cf. Icel. <ets><?/<?/l</ets>, Russ. <ets>pila</ets>, and Skr. <ets>pi<?/</ets> to cut out, adorn; perh. akin to E. <ets>paint</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A steel instrument, having cutting ridges or teeth, made by indentation with a chisel, used for abrading or smoothing other substances, as metals, wood, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; A <i>file</i> differs from a <i>rasp</i> in having the furrows made by straight cuts of a chisel, either single or crossed, while the rasp has coarse, single teeth, raised by the pyramidal end of a triangular punch.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything employed to smooth, polish, or rasp, literally or figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>Mock the nice touches of the critic's <b>file</b>.
<i>Akenside.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A shrewd or artful person.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Fielding.</i>

<blockquote>Will is an old <b>file</b> spite of his smooth face.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Bastard file</col>, <col>Cross file</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Bastard</er>, <er>Cross</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Cross-cut file</col>, <cd>a file having two sets of teeth crossing obliquely.</cd> -- <col>File blank</col>, <cd>a steel blank shaped and ground ready for cutting to form a file.</cd> -- <col>File cutter</col>, <cd>a maker of files.</cd> -- <col>Second-cut file</col>, <cd>a file having teeth of a grade next finer than bastard.</cd> -- <col>Single-cut file</col>, <cd>a file having only one set of parallel teeth; a float.</cd> -- <col>Smooth file</col>, <cd>a file having teeth so fine as to make an almost smooth surface.</cd></cs>

<h1>File</h1>
<Xpage=559>

<hw>File</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rub, smooth, or cut away, with a file; to sharpen with a file; <as>as, to <ex>file</ex> a saw or a tooth</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To smooth or polish as with a file.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote><b>File</b> your tongue to a little more courtesy.Sir W.Scott.

<h1>File</h1>
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<hw>File</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fulen</ets>, <ets>filen</ets>, <ets>foulen</ets>, AS. <ets>f<?/lan</ets>, fr. f<?/l foul. See <er>Foul</er>, and cf. <er>Defile</er>, <er>v</er>.<er>t</er>.]</ety> <def>To make f<?/ul; to defile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All his hairy breast with blood was <b>filed</b>.<b>Spenser</b>.

<blockquote>For Banquo's issue have I <b>filed</b> mind.Shak.

<h1>Filefish</h1>
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<hw>File"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any plectognath fish of the genera <i>Monacanthus</i>, <i>Alutera</i>, <i>balistes</i>, and allied genera; -- so called on account of the roughly granulated skin, which is sometimes used in place of sandpaper.</def>

<h1>Filemot</h1>
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<hw>Fil"e*mot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Feullemort</er>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Filer</h1>
<Xpage=559>

<hw>Fil"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who works with a file.</def>

<h1>Filial</h1>
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<hw>Fil"ial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>filialis</ets>, fr. <ets>filius</ets> son, <ets>filia</ets> daughter; akin to e. <ets>female</ets>, <ets>feminine</ets>. Cf. <er>Fitz</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a son or daughter; becoming to a child in relation to his parents; <as>as, <ex>filial</ex> obedience</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bearing the relation of a child.</def>

<blockquote>And thus the <b>filial</b> Godhead answering spoke.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Filially</h1>
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<hw>Fil"ial*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a filial manner.</def>

<h1>Filiate</h1>
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<hw>Fil"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To adopt as son or daughter; to establish filiation between.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Filiation</h1>
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<hw>Fil`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>filiatio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>filius</ets> son: cf. F. <ets>filiation</ets>. See <er>Filial</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The relationship of a son or child to a parent, esp. to a father.</def>

<blockquote>The relation of paternity and <b>filiation</b>.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The assignment of a bastard child to some one as its ather; affiliation.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Filibeg</h1>
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<hw>Fil"i*beg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>feileadhbeag</ets>, <ets>i</ets>.<ets>e</ets>., little kilt; <ets>feileadh</ets> kilt + <ets>beag</ets> little, small; cf. <ets>filleadh</ets> a plait, fold.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Kilt</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>philibeg</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Filibuster</h1>
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<hw>Fil"i*bus`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>flibuster</ets>, <ets>flibustero</ets>, corrupted fr. E. <ets>freebooter</ets>. See <er>Freebooter</er>.]</ety> <def>A lawless military adventurer, especially one in quest of plunder; a freebooter; -- originally applied to buccaneers infesting the Spanish American coasts, but introduced into common English to designate the followers of Lopez in his expedition to Cuba in 1851, and those of Walker in his expedition to Nicaragua, in 1855.</def>

<h1>Filibuster</h1>
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<hw>Fil"i*bus*ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fillibustered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Filibustering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To act as a filibuster, or military freebooter.</def>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To delay legislation, by dilatory motions or other artifices.</def> <mark>[political cant or slang, U.S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Filibusterism</h1>
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<hw>Fil"i*bus`ter*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The characteristics or practices of a filibuster.</def>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Filical</h1>
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<hw>Fil"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to the <i>Filices</i>, r ferns.</def>

<h1>Filicic</h1>
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<hw>Fi*lic"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>filix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, a fern.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, ferns; <as>as, <ex>filicic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Filicide</h1>
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<hw>Fil"i*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>filius</ets> son, <ets>filia</ets> daughter + <ets>caedere</ets> to kill.]</ety> <def>The act of murdering a son or a daughter; also, parent who commits such a murder.</def>

<h1>Filiciform</h1>
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<hw>Fi*lic"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>filix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, fern + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>filiciforme</ets>]</ety> <def>Shaped like a fern or like the parts of a fern leaf.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Filicoid</h1>
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<hw>Fil"i*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>filix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, fern + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>filicoi\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Fernlike, either in form or in the nature of the method of reproduction.</def>

<h1>Filicoid</h1>
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<hw>Fil"i*coid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fernlike plant.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<h1>Filiety</h1>
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<hw>Fi*li"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>filietas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The relation of a son to a father; sonship; -- the correlative of <i>paternity</i>.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Filiferous</h1>
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<hw>Fi*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>filum</ets> a thread + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing threads.</def>

<i>Carpenter.</i>

<h1>Filiform</h1>
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<hw>Fil"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>filum</ets> thread + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>filiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the shape of a thread or filament; <as>as, the <ex>filiform</ex> papill\'91 of the tongue; a <ex>filiform</ex> style or peduncle.</as>  See <ex>Illust</ex>. of <er>Antenn\'92</er>.</def>

<h1>Filigrain, Filigrane</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fil"i*grain</hw>, <hw>Fil"i*grane</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>filigrana</ets> (cf. It. <ets>filigrana</ets>, E. <ets>filigrane</ets>), fr. L. <ets>filum</ets>a thread + <ets>granum</ets> grain. See <er>File</er> a row, and <er>Grain</er>, and cf. <er>Filigree</er>.]</ety> <def>Filigree.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>With her head . . . touches the crown of <b>filigrane</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Filigraned</h1>
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<hw>Fil"i*graned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Filigreed</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Filigree</h1>
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<hw>Fil"i*gree</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>filigrane</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ornamental work, formerly with grains or breads, but now composed of fine wire and used chiefly in decorating gold and silver to which the wire is soldered, being arranged in designs frequently of a delicate and intricate arabesque pattern.</def>

<h1>Filigree</h1>
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<hw>Fil"i*gree</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, composed of, or resembling, work in filigree; <as>as, a <ex>filigree</ex> basket</as>. Hence: Fanciful; unsubstantial; merely decorative.</def>

<blockquote>You ask for reality, not fiction and <b>filigree</b> work.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Filigreed</h1>
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<hw>Fil"i*greed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adorned with filigree.</def>

<i>Tatler.</i>

<h1>Filing</h1>
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<hw>Fil"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fragment or particle rubbed off by the act of filing; <as>as, iron <ex>filings</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Filipendulous</h1>
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<hw>Fil`i*pen"du*lous</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>filum</ets> a thread + <ets>pendulus</ets> hanging, fr. <ets>pend<?/re</ets> to hang.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Suspended by, or strung upon, a thread; -- said of tuberous swellings in the middle or at the extremities of slender, threadlike rootlets.</def>

<h1>Fill</h1>
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<hw>Fill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Thill</er>.]</ety> <def>One of the thills or shafts of a carriage.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<cs><col>Fill horse</col>, <cd>a thill horse.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fill</h1>
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<hw>Fill</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Filled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Filling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fillen</ets>, <ets>fullen</ets>, AS. <ets>fyllan</ets>, fr. <ets>full</ets> full; akin to D. <ets>vullen</ets>, G. <ets>f\'81llen</ets>, Icel. <ets>fylla</ets>, Sw. <ets>fylla</ets>, Dan. <ets>fylde</ets>, Goth. <ets>fulljan</ets>. See <er>Full</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make full; to supply with as much as can be held or contained; to put or pour into, till no more can be received; to occupy the whole capacity of.</def>

<blockquote>The rain also <b>filleth</b> the pools.
<i>Ps. lxxxiv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Jesus saith unto them, <b>Fill</b> the waterpots with water. Anf they <b>filled</b> them up to the brim.
<i>John ii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish an abudant supply to; to furnish with as mush as is desired or desirable; to occupy the whole of; to swarm in or overrun.</def>

<blockquote>And God blessed them, saying. Be fruitful, and multiply, and <b>fill</b> the waters in the seas.
<i>Gen. i. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Syrians <b>filled</b> the country.
<i>1 Kings xx. 27.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fill or supply fully with food; to feed; to satisfy.</def>

<blockquote>Whence should we have so much bread in the wilderness, as to <b>fill</b>so great a multitude?
<i>Matt. xv. 33.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Things that are sweet and fat are more <b>filling</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To possess and perform the duties of; to officiate in, as an incumbent; to occupy; to hold; <as>as, a king <ex>fills</ex> a throne; the president <ex>fills</ex> the office of chief magistrate; the speaker of the House <ex>fills</ex> the chair.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To supply with an incumbent; <as>as, to <ex>fill</ex> an office or a vacancy</as>.</def>

<i>A. Hamilton.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To press and dilate, as a sail; <as>as, the wind <ex>filled</ex> the sails</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To trim (a yard) so that the wind shall blow on the after side of the sails.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Civil Engineering)</fld> <def>To make an embankment in, or raise the level of (a low place), with earth or gravel.</def>

<cs><col>To fill in</col>, <cd>to insert; as, he <i>filled in<i> the figures.</cd> -- <col>To fill out</col>, <cd>to extend or enlarge to the desired limit; to make complete; as, to <i>fill out<i> a bill.</cd> -- <col>To fill up</col>, <cd>to make quite full; to fill to the brim or entirely; to occupy completely; to complete.</cd> "The bliss that <i>fills up<i> all the mind." <i>Pope.</i>  "And <i>fill up</i> that which is behind of the afflictions of Christ."  <i>Col. i. 24.</i></cs>

<h1>Fill</h1>
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<hw>Fill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become full; to have the whole capacity occupied; to have an abundant supply; to be satiated; <as>as, corn <ex>fills</ex> well in a warm season; the sail <ex>fills</ex> with the wind.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fill a cup or glass for drinking.</def>

<blockquote>Give me some wine; <b>fill</b> full.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To back and fill</col>. See under <er>Back</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> -- <col>To fill up</col>, <cd>to grow or become quite full; as, the channel of the river <i>fills up<i> with sand.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fill</h1>
<Xpage=559>

<hw>Fill</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fyllo</ets>. See <er>Fill</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A full supply, as much as supplies want; as much as gives complete satisfaction.</def> "Ye shall eat your <i>fill</i>."

<i>Lev. xxv. 19.</i>

<blockquote>I'll bear thee hence, where I may weep my <b>fill</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Filler</h1>
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<hw>Fill"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, fills; something used for filling.</def>

<blockquote>'T is mere <b>filer</b>, to stop a vacancy in the hexameter.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They have six diggers to four <b>fillers</b>, so as to keep the <b>fillers</b> always at work.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Filler</h1>
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<hw>Fill"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From 1st <er>Fill</er>.]</ety> <def>A thill horse.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Fillet</h1>
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<hw>Fil"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>filet</ets>, <ets>felet</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>filet</ets> thread, fillet of meat, dim. of <ets>fil</ets> a thread, fr. L. <ets>filum</ets>. See <er>Fille</er> a row.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little band, especially one intended to encircle the hair of the head.</def>

<blockquote>A belt her waist, a <b>fillet</b> binds her hair.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cooking)</fld> <def>A piece of lean meat without bone; sometimes, a long strip rolled together and tied.</def>

<note>&hand; A <i>fillet</i> of beef is the under side of the sirlom; also called <i>tenderloin</i>. A <i>fillet</i> of veal or mutton is the fleshy part of the thigh. A <i>fillet</i> of fish is a slice of flat fish without bone. "<i>Fillet</i> of a fenny snake."</note>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A thin strip or ribbon; esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> A strip of metal from which coins are punched. <sd>(b)</sd> A strip of card clothing. <sd>(c)</sd> A thin projecting band or strip.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A concave filling in of a re\'89ntrant angle where two surfaces meet, forming a rounded corner.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A narrow flat member; especially, a flat molding separating other moldings; a reglet; also, the space between two flutings in a shaft. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Base</er>, and <er>Column</er>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>An ordinary equaling in breadth one fourth of the chief, to the lowest portion of which it corresponds in position.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The thread of a screw.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A border of broad or narrow lines of color or gilt.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>The raised molding about the muzzle of a gun.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Any scantling smaller than a batten.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A fascia; a band of fibers; applied esp. to certain bands of white matter in the brain.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>The loins of a horse, beginning at the place where the hinder part of the saddle rests.</def>

<cs><col>Arris fillet</col>. <cd>See under <er>Arris</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fillet</h1>
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<hw>Fil"let</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Filleted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Filleting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bind, furnish, or adorn with a fillet.</def>

<h1>Filleting</h1>
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<hw>Fil"let*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The protecting of a joint, as between roof and parapet wall, with mortar, or cement, where <i>flashing</i> is employed in better work.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The material of which fillets are made; also, fillets, collectively.</def>

<h1>Fillibeg</h1>
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<hw>Fil"li*beg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kilt. See <er>Filibeg</er>.</def>

<h1>Fillibuster</h1>
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<hw>Fil"li*bus`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Filibuster</er>.</def>

<h1>Filling</h1>
<Xpage=559>

<hw>Fill"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is used to fill a cavity or any empty space, or to supply a deficiency; <as>as, <ex>filling</ex> for a cavity in a tooth, a depression in a roadbed, the space between exterior and interior walls of masonry, the pores of open-grained wood, the space between the outer and inner planks of a vessel, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The woof in woven fabrics.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Brewing)</fld> <def>Prepared wort added to ale to cleanse it.</def>

<cs><col>Back filling</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Back</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Fillip</h1>
<Xpage=559>

<hw>Fil"lip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Filliped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Filliping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For <ets>filp</ets>, <ets>flip</ets>. Cf. <er>Flippant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike with the nail of the finger, first placed against the ball of the thumb, and forced from that position with a sudden spring; to snap with the finger.</def> "You <i>filip</i> me o' the head."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To snap; to project quickly.</def>

<blockquote>The use of the elastic switch to <b>fillip</b> small missiles with.
<i>Tylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fillip</h1>
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<hw>Fil"lip</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A jerk of the finger forced suddenly from the thumb; a smart blow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something serving to rouse or excite.</def>

<blockquote>I take a glass of grog for a <b>filip</b>.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fillipeen</h1>
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<hw>Fil"li*peen`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Philopena</er>.</def>

<h1>Fillister</h1>
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<hw>Fil"lis*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The rabbet on the outer edge of a sash bar to hold the glass and the putty.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A plane for making a rabbet.</def>

<cs><col>Fillister screw had</col>, <cd>a short cylindrical screw head, having a convex top.</cd></cs>

<h1>Filly</h1>
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<hw>Fil"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fillies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>fylia</ets>, <ets>fr</ets>. <ets>foli</ets> foal. See <er>Foal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A female foal or colt; a young mare. Cf. <er>Colt</er>, <er>Foal</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Neighing in likeness of a <b>filly</b> foal.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lively, spirited young girl.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Film</h1>
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<hw>Film</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>film</ets> skin, fr. <ets>fell</ets> skin; akin to <ets>fylmen</ets> membrane, OFries. <ets>filmene</ets> skin. See <er>Fell</er> skin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thin skin; a pellicle; a membranous covering, causing opacity; hence, any thin, slight covering.</def>

<blockquote>He from thick <b>films</b> shall purge the visual ray.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A slender thread, as that of a cobweb.</def>

<blockquote>Her whip of cricket's bone, the lash of <b>film</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Film</h1>
<Xpage=559>

<hw>Film</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with a thin skin or pellicle.</def>

<blockquote>It will but skin and <b>film</b> the ulcerous place.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Filminess</h1>
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<hw>Film"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being filmy.</def>

<h1>Filmy</h1>
<Xpage=559>

<hw>Film"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Composed of film or films.</def>

<blockquote>Whose <b>filmy</b> cord should bind the struggling fly.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Filoplumaceous</h1>
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<hw>Fil`o*plu*ma"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the structure of a filoplume.</def>

<h1>Filoplume</h1>
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<hw>Fil"o*plume</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>filum</ets> a thread <?/ <ets>pluma</ets> a soft feather.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hairlike feather; a father with a slender scape and without a web in most or all of its length.</def>

<hr>
<page="560">
Page 560<p>

<h1>Filose</h1>
<Xpage=560>

<hw>Fi"lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>filum</ets> a thread.]</ety> <def>Terminating in a threadlike process.</def>

<h1>Filter</h1>
<Xpage=560>

<hw>Fil"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>filtre</ets>, the same word as <ets>feutre</ets> felt, LL. <ets>filtrum</ets>, <ets>feltrum</ets>, felt, fulled wool, this being used for straining liquors. See <er>Feuter</er>.]</ety> <def>Any porous substance, as cloth, paper, sand, or charcoal, through which water or other liquid may passed to cleanse it from the solid or impure matter held in suspension; a chamber or device containing such substance; a strainer; also, a similar device for purifying air.</def>

<cs><col>Filter bed</col>, <cd>a pond, the bottom of which is a filter composed of sand gravel.</cd> -- <col>Filter gallery</col>, <cd>an underground gallery or tunnel, alongside of a stream, to collect the water that filters through the intervening sand and gravel; -- called also <altname>infiltration gallery</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Filter</h1>
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<hw>Fil"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Filtered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Filtering</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>filter</ets>. See <er>Filter</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Filtrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To purify or defecate, as water or other liquid, by causing it to pass through a filter.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Filtering paper</col>, &or; <col>Filter paper</col></mcol>, <cd>a porous unsized paper, for filtering.</cd></cs>

<h1>Filter</h1>
<Xpage=560>

<hw>Fil"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To pass through a filter; to percolate.</def>

<h1>Filter</h1>
<Xpage=560>

<hw>Fil"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Philter</er>.</def>

<h1>Filth</h1>
<Xpage=560>

<hw>Filth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>filthe</ets>, <ets>ful\'ebe</ets>, AS. <ets>f<?/l\'eb</ets>, fr. <ets>f\'d4l</ets> foul; akin to OHG. <ets>f\'d4lida</ets>. See <er>Foul</er>, and cf. <er>File</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Foul matter; anything that soils or defiles; dirt; nastiness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything that sullies or defiles the moral character; corruption; pollution.</def>

<blockquote>To purify the soul from the dross and <b>filth</b> of sensual delights.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Filth disease</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a disease supposed to be due to pollution of the soil or water.</cd></cs>

<h1>Filthily</h1>
<Xpage=560>

<hw>Filth"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a filthy manner; foully.</def>

<h1>Filthiness</h1>
<Xpage=560>

<hw>Filth"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being filthy.</def>

<blockquote>Let us cleanse ourselves from all <b>filthiness</b> of the flesh and spirit.
<i>2 Cor. vii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is filthy, or makes filthy; foulness; nastiness; corruption; pollution; impurity.</def>

<blockquote>Carry forth the <b>filthiness</b> out of the holy place.
<i>2 Chron. xxix. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Filthy</h1>
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<hw>Filth"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Filthier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Filthiest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Defiled with filth, whether material or moral; nasty; dirty; polluted; foul; impure; obscene.</def> "In the <i>filthy</i>-mantled pool."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He which is <b>filthy</b> let him be <b>filthy</b> still.
<i>Rev. xxii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Nasty; foul; dirty; squalid; unclean; sluttish; gross; vulgar; licentious. See <er>Nasty</er>.</syn>

<h1>Filtrate</h1>
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<hw>Fil"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Filtrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Filtrating</er>. <tt>(<?/)</tt>]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>filtrare</ets>. See <er>Filter</er>.]</ety> <def>To filter; to defecate; as liquid, by straining or percolation.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Filtrate</h1>
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<hw>Fil"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which has been filtered; the liquid which has passed through the filter in the process of filtration.</def>

<h1>Filtration</h1>
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<hw>Fil*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>filtration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of filtering; the mechanical separation of a liquid from the undissolved particles floating in it.</def>

<h1>Finble, n., &or; Fimble hemp</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fin"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>, &or; <hw>Fim"ble hemp`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw><ety>[Corrupted from <ets>female hemp</ets>.]</ety> <def>Light summer hemp, that bears no seed.</def>

<h1>Fimbria</h1>
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<hw>Fim"bri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fimbri\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fringe. See <er>Fringle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A fringe, or fringed border.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A band of white matter bordering the hippocampus in the brain.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fim"bri*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fimbriate</h1>
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<hw>Fim*bri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fimbriatus</ets> fibrous, fringed, fr. <ets>fimbria</ets> fiber, fringe. See <er>Fringe</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the edge or extremity bordered by filiform processes thicker than hairs; fringed; <as>as, the <ex>fimbriate</ex> petals of the pink; the <ex>fimbriate</ex> end of the Fallopian tube.</as></def>

<h1>Fimbriate</h1>
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<hw>Fim"bri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fimbriated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fimbriating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To hem; to fringe.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Fimbriated</h1>
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<hw>Fim"bri*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a fringed border; fimbriate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having a very narrow border of another tincture; -- said esp. of an ordinary or subordinary.</def>

<h1>Fimbricate</h1>
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<hw>Fim"bri*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fringed; jagged; fimbriate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>fringed, on one side only, by long, straight hairs, as the antenn\'91 of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Fin</h1>
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<hw>Fin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Finned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Finning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Fin</er> of a fish.]</ety> <def>To carve or cut up, as a chub.</def>

<h1>Fin</h1>
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<hw>Fin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fine</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>End; conclusion; object.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "She knew eke the <i>fin</i> of his intent."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fin</h1>
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<hw>Fin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[OE. <ets>finne</ets>, <ets>fin</ets>, AS. <ets>finn</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vin</ets>, G. & Dan. <ets>finne</ets>, Sw. <ets>fena</ets>, L. <ets>pinna</ets>, <ets>penna</ets>, a wing, feather. cf. <er>pen</er> a feather.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An organ of a fish, consisting of a membrane supported by rays, or little bony or cartilaginous ossicles, and serving to balance and propel it in the water.</def>

<note>&hand; Fishes move through the water chiefly by means of the caudal fin or tail, the principal office of the other fins being to balance or direct the body, though they are also, to a certain extent, employed in producing motion.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A membranous, finlike, swimming organ, as in pteropod and heteropod mollusks.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A finlike organ or attachment; a part of an object or product which protrudes like a fin</def>, as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The hand</def>. <mark>[Slang]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A blade of whalebone.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A mark or ridge left on a casting at the junction of the parts of a mold</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The thin sheet of metal squeezed out between the collars of the rolls in the process of rolling</def>.

<i>Raymond.</i>

<sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A feather; a spline</def>.

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A finlike appendage, as to submarine boats.</def>

<cs><col>Apidose fin</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Adipose</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>Fin ray</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one of the hornlike, cartilaginous, or bony, dermal rods which form the skeleton of the fins of fishes.</cd> -- <col>Fin whale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a finback.</cd> -- <col>Paired fins</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the pectoral and ventral fins, corresponding to the fore and hind legs of the higher animals.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Unpaired, &or; Median</col>, <col>fins</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the dorsal, caudal, and anal fins.</cd></cs>

<h1>Finable</h1>
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<hw>Fin"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fine</er>.]</ety> <def>Liable or subject to a fine; <as>as, a <ex>finable</ex> person or offense</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Final</h1>
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<hw>Fi"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>finalis</ets>, fr. finis boundary, limit, end. See <er>Finish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the end or conclusion; last; terminating; ultimate; <as>as, the <ex>final</ex> day of a school term</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Yet despair not of his <b>final</b> pardon.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conclusive; decisive; <as>as, a <ex>final</ex> judgment; the battle of Waterloo brought the contest to a <ex>final</ex> issue.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Respecting an end or object to be gained; respecting the purpose or ultimate end in view.</def>

<cs><col>Final cause</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cause</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Final</er>, <er>Conclusive</er>, <er>Ultimate</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Final</i> is now appropriated to that which brings with it an end; as, a <i>final</i> adjustment; the <i>final</i> judgment, etc. <i>Conclusive</i> implies the closing of all discussion, negotiation, etc.; as, a <i>conclusive</i> argument or fact; a <i>conclusive</i> arrangement. In using <i>ultimate</i>, we have always reference to something earlier or proceeding; as when we say, a temporary reverse may lead to an <i>ultimate</i> triumph. The statements which a man <i>finally</i> makes at the close of a negotiation are usually <i>conclusive</i> as to his <i>ultimate</i> intentions and designs.</usage>

<h1>Finale</h1>
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<hw>Fi*na"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Final</er>.]</ety> <def>Close; termination</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The last movement of a symphony, sonata, concerto, or any instrumental composition</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The last composition performed in any act of an opera</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The closing part, piece, or scene in any public performance or exhibition.</def>

<h1>Finality</h1>
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<hw>Fi*nal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Finalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>finalitas</ets> the being last.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being final, finished, or complete; a final or conclusive arrangement; a settlement.</def>

<i>Baxter.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The relation of end or purpose to its means.</def>

<i>Janet.</i>

<h1>Finally</h1>
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<hw>Fi"nal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At the end or conclusion; ultimately; lastly; <as>as, the contest was long, but the Romans <ex>finally</ex> conquered</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whom patience <b>finally</b> must crown.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Completely; beyond recovery.</def>

<blockquote>Not any house of noble English in Ireland was utterly destroyed or <b>finally</b> rooted out.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Finance</h1>
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<hw>Fi*nance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>financia</ets> payment of money, money, fr. <ets>finare</ets> to pay a fine or subsidy (cf. OF. <ets>finer</ets> to finish, pay), fr. L. <ets>finis</ets> end. See <er>Fine</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Finish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The income of a ruler or of a state; revennue; public money; sometimes, the income of an individual; often used in the plural for funds; available money; resources.</def>

<blockquote>All the <b>finances</b> or revenues of the imperial crown.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The science of raising and expending the public revenue.</def> "Versed in the details of <i>finance</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Financial</h1>
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<hw>Fi*nan"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to finance.</def> "Our <i>financial</i> and commercial system."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Financialist</h1>
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<hw>Fi*nan"cial*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A financier.</def>

<h1>Financially</h1>
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<hw>Fi*nan"cial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a dfinancial manner.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Financier</h1>
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<hw>Fin`an*cier"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>financier</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One charged with the administration of finance; an officer who administers the public revenue; a treasurer.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One skilled in financial operations; one acquainted with money matters.</def>

<h1>Financier</h1>
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<hw>Fin`an*cier"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Financiered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Financiering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To conduct financial operations.</def>

<h1>Finary</h1>
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<hw>Fin"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Iron Works)</fld> <def>See <er>Finery</er>.</def>

<h1>Finative</h1>
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<hw>Fi"na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Conclusive; decisive; definitive; final.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Greene (1593).</i>

<h1>Finback</h1>
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<hw>Fin"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any whale of the genera <spn>Sibbaldius</spn>, <spn>Bal\'91noptera</spn>, and allied genera, of the family <spn>Bal\'91nopterid\'91</spn>, characterized by a prominent fin on the back. The common finbacks of the New England coast are <spn>Sibbaldius tectirostris</spn> and <spn>S. tuberosus</spn>.</def>

<h1>Finch</h1>
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<hw>Finch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fishes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>finc</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vink</ets>, OHG. <ets>fincho</ets>, G. <ets>fink</ets>; cf. W. <ets>pinc</ets> a finch; also E. <ets>spink</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small singing bird of many genera and species, belonging to the family <spn>Fringillid\'91</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; The word is often used in composition, as in chaf<i>finch</i>, gold<i>finch</i>, grass<i>finch</i>, pine<i>finch</i>, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Bramble finch</col>. <cd>See <er>Brambling</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canary finch</col>, <cd>the canary bird.</cd> -- <col>Copper finch</col>. <cd>See <er>Chaffinch</er>.</cd> -- <col>Diamond finch</col>. <cd>See under <er>Diamond</er>.</cd> -- <col>Finch falcon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several very small East Indian falcons of the genus <spn>Hierax</spn>.</cd> -- <col>To pull a finch</col>, <cd>to swindle an ignorant or unsuspecting person.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Privily a <i>finch<i> eke could he <i>pull<i>."</cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Finchbacked</h1>
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<hw>Finch"backed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Streaked or spotted on the back; -- said of cattle.</def>

<h1>Finched</h1>
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<hw>Finched</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Finchbacked</er>.</def>

<h1>Find</h1>
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<hw>Find</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Found</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Finding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>findan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vinden</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>findan</ets>, G. <ets>finden</ets>, Dan. <ets>finde</ets>, icel. & Sw. <ets>finna</ets>, Goth. <ets>fin<?/an</ets>; and perh. to L. <ets>petere</ets> to seek, Gr. <?/ to fall, Skr. <ets>pat</ets> to fall, fly, E. <ets>petition</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To meet with, or light upon, accidentally; to gain the first sight or knowledge of, as of something new, or unknown; hence, to fall in with, as a person.</def>

<blockquote>Searching the window for a flint, I <b>found</b>
This paper, thus sealed up.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In woods and forests thou art <b>found</b>.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To learn by experience or trial; to perceive; to experience; to discover by the intellect or the feelings; to detect; to feel.</def> "I <i>find</i> you passing gentle."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The torrid zone is now <b>found</b> habitable.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To come upon by seeking; <as>as, to <ex>find</ex> something lost</as>.</def> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To discover by sounding; <as>as, to <ex>find</ex> bottom</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To discover by study or experiment direct to an object or end; <as>as, water is <ex>found</ex> to be a compound substance</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>To gain, as the object of desire or effort; <as>as, to <ex>find</ex> leisure; to <ex>find</ex> means</as>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>To attain to; to arrive at; to acquire.</def>

<blockquote>Seek, and ye shall <b>find</b>.
<i>Matt. vii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Every mountain now hath <b>found</b> a tongue.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To provide for; to supply; to furnish; <as>as, to <ex>find</ex> food for workemen; he <ex>finds</ex> his nephew in money.</as></def>

<blockquote>Wages \'9c14 and all <b>found</b>.
<i>London Times.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nothing a day and <b>find</b> yourself.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>
<-- obsolete?? -->

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To arrive at, as a conclusion; to determine as true; to establish; <as>as, to <ex>find</ex> a verdict; to <ex>find</ex> a true bill (of indictment) against an accused person.</as></def>

<blockquote>To <b>find</b> his title with some shows of truth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To find out</col>, <cd>to detect (a thief); to discover (a secret) -- to solve or unriddle (a parable or enigma); to understand.</cd>  "Canst thou by searching <i>find out<i> God?"  <i>Job. xi. 7.</i>  "We do hope <i>to find out</i> all your tricks."  <i>Milton.</i> -- <col>To find fault with</col>, <cd>to blame; to censure.</cd> -- <col>To find one's self</col>, <cd>to be; to fare; -- often used in speaking of health; as, how do you <i>find yourself<i> this morning?</cd></cs>

<h1>Find</h1>
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<hw>Find</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To determine an issue of fact, and to declare such a determination to a court; <as>as, the jury <ex>find</ex> for the plaintiff</as>.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Find</h1>
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<hw>Find</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything found; a discovery of anything valuable; especially, a deposit, discovered by arch\'91ologists, of objects of prehistoric or unknown origin.</def>

<h1>Findable</h1>
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<hw>Find"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of beong found; discoverable.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Finder</h1>
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<hw>Find"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, finds; specifically <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, a small telescope of low power and large field of view, attached to a larger telescope, for the purpose of finding an object more readily.</def>

<h1>Findfault</h1>
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<hw>Find"fault`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A censurer or caviler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Findfaulting</h1>
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<hw>Find"fault`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Apt to censure or cavil; faultfinding; captious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Whitlock.</i>

<h1>Finding</h1>
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<hw>Find"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is found, come upon, or provided; esp. (<pluf>pl.</pluf>), that which a journeyman artisan finds or provides for himself; as tools, trimmings, etc.</def>

<blockquote>When a man hath been laboring . . . in the deep mines of knowledge, hath furnished out his <b>findings</b> in all their equipage.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Support; maintenance; that which is provided for one; expence; provision.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The result of a judicial examination or inquiry, especially into some matter of fact; a verdict; <as>as, the <ex>finding</ex> of a jury</as>.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<blockquote>After his friends <b>finding</b> and his rent.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Findy</h1>
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<hw>Fin"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>finding</ets> heavy; cf. Dan. <ets>fyndig</ets> strong, energetical, <ets>fynd</ets> strength, energy, emphasis.]</ety> <def>Full; heavy; firm; solid; substemtial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A cold May and a windy
Makes the barn fat amd <b>findy</b>.
<i>Old Prover<?/.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fine</h1>
<Xpage=560>

<hw>Fine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Finer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Finest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>fin</ets>, LL. <ets>finus</ets> fine, pure, fr. L. <ets>finire</ets> to finish; cf. <ets>finitus</ets>, p.p., finished, completed (hence the sense <ets>accomplished</ets>, <ets>perfect</ets>.) See <er>Finish</er>, and cf. <er>Finite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Finished; brought to perfection; refined; hence, free from impurity; excellent; superior; elegant; worthy of admiration; accomplished; beautiful.</def>

<blockquote>The gain thereof [is better] than <b>fine</b> gold.
<i>Prov. iii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A cup of wine that's brisk and <b>fine</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Not only the <b>finest</b> gentleman of his time, but one of the <b>finest</b> scholars.
<i>Felton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To soothe the sick bed of so <b>fine</b> a being [Keats].
<i>Leigh Hunt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Aiming at show or effect; loaded with ornament; overdressed or overdecorated; showy.</def>

<blockquote>He gratified them with occasional . . . <b>fine</b> writing.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Nice; delicate; subtle; exquisite; artful; skillful; dexterous.</def>

<blockquote>The spider's touch, how exquisitely <b>fine</b>!
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The nicest and most delicate touches of satire consist in <b>fine</b> raillery.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He has as <b>fine</b> a hand at picking a pocket as a woman.
<i>T. Gray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not coarse, gross, or heavy</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Not gross; subtile; thin; tenous.</def>

<blockquote>The eye standeth in the <b>finer</b> medium and the object in the grosser.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not coarse; comminuted; in small particles; as, <i>fine</i> sand or flour</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Not thick or heavy; slender; filmy; as, a <i>fine</i> thread</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Thin; attenuate; keen; as, a <i>fine</i> edge</def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Made of fine materials; light; delicate; as, <i>fine</i> linen or silk</def>.

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Having (such) a proportion of pure metal in its composition; <as>as, coins nine tenths <ex>fine</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>(Used ironically.)</def>

<blockquote>Ye have made a <b>fine</b> hand, fellows.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Fine</i> is often compounded with participles and adjectives, modifying them adverbially; a, <i>fine</i>-drawn, <i>fine</i>-featured, <i>fine</i>-grained, <i>fine</i>-spoken, <i>fine</i>-spun, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Fine arch</col> <fld>(Glass Making)</fld>, <cd>the smaller fritting furnace of a glasshouse.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>Fine arts</col>. <cd>See the Note under <er>Art</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fine cut</col>, <cd>fine cut tobacco; a kind of chewing tobacco cut up into shreds.</cd> -- <col>Fine goods</col>, <cd>woven fabrics of fine texture and quality.</cd> <i>McElrath.</i> -- <col>Fine stuff</col>, <cd>lime, or a mixture of lime, plaster, etc., used as material for the finishing coat in plastering.</cd> -- <col>To sail fine</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to sail as close to the wind as possible.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Fine</er>, <er>Beautiful</er>.</syn> <usage> When used as a word of praise, <i>fine</i> (being opposed to <i>coarse</i>) denotes no "ordinary thing of its kind." It is not as strong as <i>beautiful</i>, in reference to the single attribute implied in the latter term; but when we speak of a <i>fine</i> woman, we include a greater variety of particulars, viz., all the qualities which become a woman, -- breeding, sentiment, tact, etc. The term is equally comprehensive when we speak of a <i>fine</i> garden, landscape, horse, poem, etc.; and, though applied to a great variety of objects, the word has still a very definite sense, denoting a high degree of characteristic excellence.</usage>

<hr>
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Page 561<p>

<h1>Fine</h1>
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<hw>Fine</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Fine</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make fine; to refine; to purify, to clarify; <as>as, to <ex>fine</ex> gold</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It hath been <b>fined</b> and refined by . . . learned men.
<i>Hobbes.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make finer, or less coarse, as in bulk, texture, etc.; as. to <i>fine</i> the soil.</def>

<i>L. H. Bailey.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To change by fine gradations; as <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, to <i>fine</i> down a ship's lines, to diminish her lines gradually.</def>

<blockquote>I often sate at home
On evenings, watching how they <b>fined</b> themselves
With gradual conscience to a perfect night.
<i>Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fine</h1>
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<hw>Fine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fin</ets>, L. <ets>finis</ets> end, also in LL., a <ets>final</ets> agreement or concord between the lord and his vassal; a sum of money paid at the <ets>end</ets>, so as to make an <ets>end</ets> of a transaction, suit, or prosecution; mulct; penalty; cf. OF. <ets>fin</ets> end, settlement, F. <ets>fin</ets> end. See <er>Finish</er>, and cf. <er>Finance</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>End; conclusion; termination; extinction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To see their fatal <i>fine</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Is this the <b>fine</b> of his fines?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sum of money paid as the settlement of a claim, or by way of terminating a matter in dispute; especially, a payment of money imposed upon a party as a punishment for an offense; a mulct.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>A final agreement concerning lands or rents between persons, as the lord and his vassal.</def>

<i>Spelman.</i>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A sum of money or price paid for obtaining a benefit, favor, or privilege, as for admission to a copyhold, or for obtaining or renewing a lease</def>.

<cs><col>Fine for alienation</col> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld>, <cd>a sum of money paid to the lord by a tenant whenever he had occasion to make over his land to another.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i> -- <col>Fine of lands</col>, <cd>a species of conveyance in the form of a fictitious suit compromised or terminated by the acknowledgment of the previous owner that such land was the right of the other party.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i> See <er>Concord</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4. -- <col>In fine</col>, <cd>in conclusion; by way of termination or summing up.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fine</h1>
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<hw>Fine</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fine</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To impose a pecuniary penalty upon for an offense or breach of law; to set a fine on by judgment of a court; to punish by fine; to mulct; <as>as, the trespassers were <ex>fined</ex> ten dollars</as>.</def>

<h1>Fine</h1>
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<hw>Fine</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To pay a fine. See <er>Fine</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3 <sd>(b)</sd>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Men <b>fined</b> for the king's good will; or that he would remit his anger; women <b>fined</b> for leave to marry.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fine</h1>
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<hw>Fine</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>finer</ets>, F. <ets>finir</ets>. See <er>Finish</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To finish; to cease; or to cause to cease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Finedraw</h1>
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<hw>Fine"draw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Finedrawn</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Finedrawing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To sew up, so nicely that the seam is not perceived; to renter.</def>

<i>Marryat.</i>

<h1>Finedrawer</h1>
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<hw>Fine"draw`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who finedraws.</def>

<h1>Finedrawn</h1>
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<hw>Fine"drawn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Drawn out with too much subtilty; overnice; <as>as, <ex>finedrawn</ex> speculations</as>.</def>

<h1>Fineer</h1>
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<hw>Fi*neer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To run in dept by getting goods made up in a way unsuitable for the use of others, and then threatening not to take them except on credit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Fineer</h1>
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<hw>Fi*neer"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To veneer.</def>

<h1>Fineless</h1>
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<hw>Fine"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fine</ets> end + <ets>-less</ets>.]</ety> <def>Endless; boundless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Finely</h1>
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<hw>Fine"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fine or finished manner.</def>

<h1>Fineness</h1>
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<hw>Fine"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fine</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or condition of being fine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Freedom from foreign matter or alloy; clearness; purity; <as>as, the <ex>fineness</ex> of liquor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>fineness</b> of the gold, and chargeful fashion.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The proportion of pure silver or gold in jewelry, bullion, or coins.</def>

<note>&hand; The fineness of United States coin is nine tenths, that of English gold coin is eleven twelfths, and that of English silver coin is <?/.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Keenness or sharpness; <as>as, the <ex>fineness</ex> of a needle's point, or of the edge of a blade</as>.</def>

<h1>Finer</h1>
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<hw>Fin"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fines or purifies.</def>

<h1>Finery</h1>
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<hw>Fin"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fineness; beauty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Don't choose your place of study by the <b>finery</b> of the prospects.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ornament; decoration; especially, excecially decoration; showy clothes; jewels.</def>

<blockquote>Her mistress' cast-off <b>finery</b>.
<i>F. W. Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Refinery</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Iron Works)</fld> <def>A charcoal hearth or furnace for the conversion of cast iron into wrought iron, or into iron suitable for puddling.</def>

<h1>Finespun</h1>
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<hw>Fine"spun`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Spun so as to be fine; drawn to a fine thread; attenuated; hence, unsubstantial; visionary; <as>as, <ex>finespun</ex> theories</as>.</def>

<h1>Finesse</h1>
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<hw>Fi`nesse"</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>fin</ets> fine. See <er>Fine</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Subtilty of contrivance to gain a point; artifice; stratagem.</def>

<blockquote>This is the artificialest piece of <b>finesse</b> to persuade men into slavery.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Whist Playing)</fld> <def>The act of finessing. See <er>Finesse</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Finesse</h1>
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<hw>Fi*nesse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Finessed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Finessing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To use artifice or stratagem.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Whist Playing)</fld> <def>To attempt, when second or third player, to make a lower card answer the purpose of a higher, when an intermediate card is out, risking the chance of its being held by the opponent yet to play.</def>

<h1>Finestill</h1>
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<hw>Fine"still`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To distill, as spirit from molasses or some saccharine preparation.</def>

<h1>Finestiller</h1>
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<hw>Fine"still`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who finestills.</def>

<h1>Finew</h1>
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<hw>Fin"ew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fenowed</er>.]</ety> <def>Moldiness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Finfish</h1>
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<hw>Fin"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A finback whale.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> (<pluf>pl.</pluf>) <def>True fish, as distinguished from shellfish.</def>

<h1>Finfoot</h1>
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<hw>Fin"foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American bird (<spn>heliornis fulica</spn>) allied to the grebes. The name is also applied to several related species of the genus <spn>Podica</spn>.</def>

<h1>Fin-footed</h1>
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<hw>Fin"-foot`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having palmate feet.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having lobate toes, as the coot and grebe.</def>

<h1>Finger</h1>
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<hw>Fin"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>finger</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vinger</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>fingar</ets>, G. <ets>finger</ets>, Icel. <ets>fingr</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>finger</ets>, Goth. <ets>figgrs</ets>; of unknown origin; perh. akin to E. <ets>fang</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the five terminating members of the hand; a digit; esp., one of the four extermities of the hand, other than the thumb.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything that does work of a finger; as, the pointer of a clock, watch, or other registering machine; especially <fld>(Mech.)</fld> a small projecting rod, wire, or piece, which is brought into contact with an object to effect, direct, or restrain a motion.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The breadth of a finger, or the fourth part of the hand; a measure of nearly an inch; also, the length of finger, a measure in domestic use in the United States, of about four and a half inches or one eighth of a yard.</def>

<blockquote>A piece of steel three <b>fingers</b> thick.
<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Skill in the use of the fingers, as in playing upon a musical instrument.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>She has a good <b>finger</b>.
<i>Busby.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ear finger</col>, <cd>the little finger.</cd> -- <col>Finger alphabet</col>. <cd>See <er>Dactylology</er>.</cd> -- <col>Finger bar</col>, <cd>the horizontal bar, carrying slotted spikes, or fingers, through which the vibratory knives of mowing and reaping machines play.</cd> -- <col>Finger board</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the part of a stringed instrument against which the fingers press the strings to vary the tone; the keyboard of a piano, organ, etc.; manual.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Finger</col> <col>bowl &or; glass</col></mcol>, <cd>a bowl or glass to hold water for rinsing the fingers at table.</cd> -- <col>Finger flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the foxglove.</cd> -- <col>Finger grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of grass (<spn>Panicum sanguinale</spn>) with slender radiating spikes; common crab grass. See <cref>Crab grass</cref>, under <er>Crab</er>.</cd> -- <col>Finger nut</col>, <cd>a fly nut or thumb nut.</cd> -- <col>Finger plate</col>, <cd>a strip of metal, glass, etc., to protect a painted or polished door from finger marks.</cd> -- <col>Finger post</col>, <cd>a guide post bearing an index finger.</cd> -- <col>Finger reading</col>, <cd>reading printed in relief so as to be sensible to the touch; -- so made for the blind.</cd> -- <col>Finger shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a marine shell (<spn>Pholas dactylus</spn>) resembling a finger in form.</cd> -- <col>Finger sponge</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a sponge having finger-shaped lobes, or branches.</cd> -- <col>Finger stall</col>, <cd>a cover or shield for a finger.</cd> -- <col>Finger steel</col>, <cd>a steel instrument for whetting a currier's knife.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>To burn one's fingers</col>. <cd>See under <er>Burn</er>.</cd> -- <col>To have a finger in</col>, <cd>to be concerned in.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To have at one's fingers' ends</col></mcol>, <cd>to be thoroughly familiar with. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Finger</h1>
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<hw>Fin"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fingered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fingering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To touch with the fingers; to handle; to meddle with.</def>

<blockquote>Let the papers lie;
You would be <b>fingering</b> them to anger me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To touch lightly; to toy with.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To perform on an instrument of music.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To mark the notes of (a piece of music) so as to guide the fingers in playing.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To take thievishly; to pilfer; to purloin.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To execute, as any delicate work.</def>

<h1>Finger</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fin"ger</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To use the fingers in playing on an instrument.</def>

<i>Busby.</i>

<h1>Fingered</h1>
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<hw>Fin"gered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having fingers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having leaflets like fingers; digitate.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Marked with figures designating which finger should be used for each note.</def>

<h1>Fingerer</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fin"ger*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fingers; a pilferer.</def>

<h1>Fingering</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fin"ger*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of handling or touching with the fingers.</def>

<blockquote>The mere sight and <b>fingering</b> of money.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The manner of using the fingers in playing or striking the keys of an instrument of music; movement or management of the fingers in playing on a musical instrument, in typewriting, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The marking of the notes of a piece of music to guide or regulate the action or use of the fingers.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Delicate work made with the fingers.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Fingerling</h1>
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<hw>Fin"ger*ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Finger</ets> + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young salmon. See <er>Parr</er>.</def>

<h1>Fingle-fangle</h1>
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<hw>Fin"gle-fan`gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>fangle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A trifle.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Fingrigo</h1>
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<hw>Fin"gri*go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fingrigos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[So called in Jamaica.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A prickly, climbing shrub of the genus <spn>Pisonia</spn>. The fruit is a kind of berry.</def>

<h1>Finial</h1>
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<hw>Fin"*i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>finire</ets> to finish, end. See <er>Finish</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The knot or bunch of foliage, or foliated ornament, that forms the upper extremity of a pinnacle in Gothic architecture; sometimes, the pinnacle itself.</def>

<h1>Finical</h1>
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<hw>Fin"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fine</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Affectedly fine; overnice; unduly particular; fastidious.</def> "<i>Finical</i> taste."

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<blockquote>The gross style consists in giving no detail, the <b>finical</b> in giving nothing else.
<i>Hazlitt.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Finical</er>, <er>Spruce</er>, <er>Foppish</er>.</syn> <usage> These words are applied to persons who are studiously desirous to cultivate finery of appearance. One who is <i>spruce</i> is elaborately nice in dress; one who is <i>finical</i> shows his affectation in language and manner as well as in dress; one who is <i>foppish</i> distinguishes himself by going to the extreme of the fashion in the cut of his clothes, by the tawdriness of his ornaments, and by the ostentation of his manner. "A <i>finical</i> gentleman clips his words and screws his body into as small a compass as possible, to give himself the air of a delicate person; a <i>spruce</i> gentleman strives not to have a fold wrong in his frill or cravat, nor a hair of his head to lie amiss; a <i>foppish</i> gentleman seeks . . . to render himself distinguished for finery."</usage>

<i>Crabb.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fin"i*cal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fin"i*cal*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Finicality</h1>
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<hw>Fin`i*cal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being finical; finicalness.</def>

<h1>Finicking, Finicky</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fin"ick*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fin"ick*y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt><hw><def>Finical; unduly particular.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Finific</h1>
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<hw>Fi*nif"ic</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>finis</ets> end + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>A limiting element or quality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The essential <b>finific</b> in the form of the finite.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Finify</h1>
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<hw>Fin"i*fy</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fine</ets>, <tt>a.</tt> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make fine; to dress finically.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Hath so pared and <b>finified</b> them [his feet.]
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Finikin</h1>
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<hw>Fin"i*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fine</ets>, <tt>a.</tt> + <ets>-kin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Precise in trifles; idly busy.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Fining</h1>
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<hw>Fin"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of imposing a fin<?/.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The process of fining or refining; clarification; also <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, the conversion of cast iron into suitable for puddling, in a hearth or charcoal fire.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is used to refine; especially, a preparation of isinglass, gelatin, etc., for clarifying beer.</def>

<cs><col>Fining pot</col>, <cd>a vessel in which metals are refined.</cd></cs>
<rj><i>Prov. xvii. 3.</i></rj>

<h1>Finis</h1>
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<hw>Fi"nis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>An end; conclusion. It is often placed at the end of a book.</def>

<h1>Finish</h1>
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<hw>Fin"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Finished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Finishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>finir</ets> (with a stem <ets>finiss-</ets> in several forms, whence E. <ets>-ish</ets>: see <ets>-ish</ets>.),fr. L. <ets>finire</ets> to limit, finish, end, fr. <ets>finis</ets> boundary, limit, end; perh. for <ets>fidnis</ets>, and akin <ets>findere</ets> to cleave, E. <ets>fissure</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To arrive at the end of; to bring to an end; to put an end to; to make an end of; to terminate.</def>

<blockquote>And heroically hath <b>finished</b>
A life heroic.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bestow the last required labor upon; to complete; to bestow the utmost possible labor upon; to perfect; to accomplish; to polish.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To end; terminate; close; conclude; complete; accomplish; perfect.</syn>

<h1>Finish</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fin"ish</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come to an end; to terminate.</def>

<blockquote>His days may <b>finish</b> ere that hapless time.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To end; to die.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Finish</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fin"ish</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which finishes, puts an end to<?/ or perfects.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The joiner work and other finer work required for the completion of a building, especially of the interior. See <cref>Inside finish</cref>, and <cref>Outside finish</cref>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The labor required to give final completion to any work; hence, minute detail, careful elaboration, or the like.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>See <cref>Finishing coat</cref>, under <er>Finishing</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The result of completed labor, as on the surface of an object; manner or style of finishing; <as>as, a rough, dead, or glossy <ex>finish</ex> given to cloth, stone, metal, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Completion; -- opposed to <ant>start</ant>, or <ant>beginning</ant>.</def>

<h1>Finished</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fin"ished</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Polished to the highest degree of excellence; complete; perfect; <as>as, a <ex>finished</ex> poem; a <ex>finished</ex> education.</as></def>

<cs><col>Finished work</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>work that is made smooth or polished, though not necessarily completed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Finisher</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fin"ish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who finishes, puts an end to, completes, or perfects; esp. used in the trades, as in hatting, weaving, etc., for the workman who gives a finishing touch to the work, or any part of it, and brings it to perfection.</def>

<blockquote>O prophet of glad tidings, <b>finisher</b>
Of utmost hope!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something that gives the finishing touch to, or settles, anything.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Finishing</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fin"ish*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of completing or perfecting; the final work upon or ornamentation of a thing.</def>

<h1>Finishing</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fin"ish*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to complete or to render fit for the market or for use.</def>

<cs><col>Finishing coat</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Plastering)</fld> <cd>the final coat of plastering applied to walls and ceilings, usually white and rubbed smooth.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Painting)</fld> <cd>The final coat of paint, usually differently mixed applied from the others.</cd> -- <col>Finishing press</col>, <cd>a machine for pressing fabrics.</cd> -- <col>Finishing rolls</col> <fld>(Iron Working)</fld>, <cd>the rolls of a train which receive the bar from roughing rolls, and reduce it to its finished shape.</cd></cs>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Finite</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fi"nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>finitus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>finire</ets>. See <er>Finish</er>, and cf. <er>Fine</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Having a limit; limited in quantity, degree, or capacity; bounded; -- opposed to <i>infinite</i>; <as>as, <ex>finite</ex> number; <ex>finite</ex> existence; a <ex>finite</ex> being; a <ex>finite</ex> mind; <ex>finite</ex> duration.</as></def>

<h1>Finiteless</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fi"nite*less</hw>, <tt>a</tt> <def>Infinite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. browne.</i>

<h1>Finitely</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fi"nite*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a finite manner or degree.</def>

<h1>Finiteness</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fi"nite*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being finite.</def>

<h1>Finitude</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fin"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>finire</ets>. See <er>Finish</er>.]</ety> <def>Limitation.</def>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Finlander</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fin"land*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Finland.</def>

<h1>Finless</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fin"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>destitute of fins.</def>

<h1>Finlet</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fin"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fin</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little fin; one of the parts of a divided fin.</def>

<h1>Finlike</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fin"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a fin.</def>

<h1>Finn</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Finn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>A native of Finland; one of the Finn<?/ in the ethnological sense. See <er>Finns</er>.</def>

<h1>Finnan haddie</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fin"nan had"die</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Haddock</er>.]</ety> <def>Haddock cured in peat smoke, originally at Findon (pron. f\'ccn"<it>a</it>n), Scotland. the name is also applied to other kinds of smoked haddock.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>finnan haddock</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Finned</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Finned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a fin, or fins, or anything resembling a fin.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Finner</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fin"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A finback whale.</def>

<h1>Finnic</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Finn"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Finns.</def>

<h1>Finnikin</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fin"ni*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A variety of pigeon, with a crest somewhat resembling the mane of a horse.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>finikin</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Finnish</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Finn"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Finland, to the Finns, or to their language.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A Northern Turanian group of languages; the language of the Finns.</def></def2>

<h1>Finns</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Finns</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Finn</singw></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Natives of Finland; Finlanders.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A branch of the Mongolian race, inhabiting Northern and Eastern Europe, including the Magyars, Bulgarians, Permians, Lapps, and Finlanders.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Fins</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Finny</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fin"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having, or abounding in, fins, as fishes; pertaining to fishes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Abounding in fishes.</def>

<blockquote>With patient angle trolls the <b>finny</b> deep.
<i>Goldsmoth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Finochio</h1>
<Xpage=561>

<hw>Fi*no"chi*o</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>finocchio</ets> fennel, LL. <ets>fenuclum</ets>. See <er>Fennel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An umbelliferous plant (<spn>F\'d2niculum dulce</spn>) having a somewhat tuberous stem; sweet fennel. The blanched stems are used in France and Italy as a culinary vegetable.</def>

<hr>
<page="562">
Page 562<p>

<h1>Finos</h1>
<Xpage=562>

<hw>Fi"nos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Sp., pl., fr. <ets>fino</ets> fine.]</ety> <def>Second best wool from Merino sheep.</def>

<i>Gardner.</i>

<h1>Finpike</h1>
<Xpage=562>

<hw>Fin"pike`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bichir. See <er>Crossopterygii</er>.</def>

<h1>Fint</h1>
<Xpage=562>

<hw>Fint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>3d pers. sing. pr.</tt> of <er>Find</er>, for <i>findeth</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fin-toed</h1>
<Xpage=562>

<hw>Fin"-toed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having toes connected by a membrane; palmiped; palmated; also, lobate.</def>

<h1>Fiord</h1>
<Xpage=562>

<hw>Fiord</hw> <tt>(fy<?/rd; <it>i</it> or <it>y</it> consonant, &sect; 272)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dan. & Norw. <ets>fiord</ets>. See <er>Frith</er>.]</ety> <def>A narrow inlet of the sea, penetrating between high banks or rocks, as on the coasts of Norway and Alaska.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>fjord</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Fiorin</h1>
<Xpage=562>

<hw>Fi"o*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Ir. <ets>fiothran</ets> a sort of grass.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of creeping bent grass (<spn>Agrostis alba</spn>); -- called also <altname>fiorin grass</altname>.</def>

<h1>Fiorite</h1>
<Xpage=562>

<hw>Fi"o*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of opal occuring in the cavities of volcanic tufa, in smooth and shining globular and botryoidal masses, having a pearly luster; -- so called from <ets>Fiora</ets>, in Ischia.</def>

<h1>Fioriture</h1>
<Xpage=562>

<hw>Fio`ri*tu"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[It., pl. of <ets>fioritura</ets> a flowering.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Little flowers of ornament introduced into a melody by a singer or player.</def>
<-- no pos in original. = n. -->

<h1>Fippenny bit</h1>
<Xpage=562>

<hw>Fip"pen*ny bit`</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>. <ety>[Corruption of <ets>five penny bit</ets>.]</ety> <def>The Spanish half real, or one sixteenth of a dollar, -- so called in Pennsylvania and the adjacent States.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; Before the act of Congress, Feb. 21, 1857, caused the adoption of decimal coins and the withdrawal of foreign coinage from circulation, this coin passed currently for 6<frac14/ cents, and was called in New England a <i>fourpence ha'penny</i> or <i>fourpence</i>; in New York a <i>sixpence</i>; in Pennsylvania, Virginia, etc., a <i>fip</i>; and in Louisiana, a <i>picayune</i>.</note>

<h1>Fipple</h1>
<Xpage=562>

<hw>Fip"ple</hw> <tt>(f&etil;r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[perh. fr. L. <ets>fibula</ets> a clasp, a pin; cf. Prov. E. <ets>fible</ets> a stick used to stir pottage.]</ety> <def>A stopper, as in a wind instrument of music.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Fir</h1>
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<hw>Fir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dan. <ets>fyr</ets>, <ets>fyrr</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>furu</ets>, Icel. <ets>fura</ets>, AS. <ets>furh</ets> in <ets>furh</ets>wudu fir wood, G. <ets>f\'94hre</ets>, OHG. <ets>forha</ets> pine, <ets>vereh</ets>eih a sort of oak, L. <ets>quercus</ets> <?/ak.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus (<spn>Abies</spn>) of coniferous trees, often of large size and elegant shape, some of them valued for their timber and others for their resin. The species are distinguished as the <i>balsam fir</i>, the <i>silver fir</i>, the <i>red fir</i>, etc. The <i>Scoth fir</i> is a <spn>Pinus</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Fir</i> in the Bible means any one of several coniferous trees, including, cedar, cypress, and probably three species of pine.</note>

<i>J. D. Hooker.</i>

<h1>Fire</h1>
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<hw>Fire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fir</ets>, <ets>fyr</ets>, <ets>fur</ets> AS. <ets>f</ets><?/<ets>r</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vuur</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>fiur</ets>, G. <ets>feuer</ets>, Icel. <ets>f<?/ri</ets>, <ets>f<?/rr</ets>, Gr. <?/, and perh. to L. <ets>purus</ets> pure, E. <ets>pure</ets> Cf. <er>Empyrean</er>, <er>Pyre</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The evolution of light and heat in the combustion of bodies; combustion; state of ignition.</def>

<note>&hand; The form of <i>fire</i> exhibited in the combustion of gases in an ascending stream or current is called <i>flame</i>. Anciently, <i>fire</i>, air, earth, and water were regarded as the four elements of which all things are composed.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fuel in a state of combustion, as on a hearth, or in <?/ stove or a furnace.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The burning of a house or town; a conflagration.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything which destroys or affects like fire.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Ardor of passion, whether love or hate; excessive warmth; consumingviolence of temper.</def>

<blockquote>he had <b>fire</b> in his temper.Atterbury.

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Liveliness of imagination or fancy; intellectual and moral enthusiasm; capacity for ardor and zeal.</def>

<blockquote>And bless their critic with a poet's <b>fire</b>.<b>Pope</b>.

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Splendor; brilliancy; luster; hence, a star.</def>

<blockquote>Stars, hide your <b>fires</b>.<b>Shak</b>.

<blockquote>As in a zodiac

<blockquote>representing the heavenly <b>fires</b>.<b>Milton</b>.

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Torture by burning; severe trial or affliction.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>The discharge of firearms; firing; <as>as, the troops were exposed to a heavy <ex>fire</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Blue fire</col>, <col>Red fire</col>, <col>Green fire</col></mcol> <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld>, <cd>compositions of various combustible substances, as sulphur, niter, lampblack, etc., the flames of which are colored by various metallic salts, as those of antimony, strontium, barium, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fire alarm</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A signal given on the breaking out of a fire.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An apparatus for giving such an alarm.</cd> -- <col>Fire annihilator</col>, <cd>a machine, device, or preparation to be kept at hand for extinguishing fire by smothering it with some incombustible vapor or gas, as carbonic acid.</cd> -- <col>Fire balloon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A balloon raised in the air by the buoyancy of air heated by a fire placed in the lower part<-- = hot-air balloon --></cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A balloon sent up at night with fireworks which ignite at a regulated height.</cd> <i>Simmonds.</i> -- <col>Fire bar</col>, <cd>a grate bar.</cd> -- <col>Fire basket</col>, <cd>a portable grate; a cresset.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>Fire beetle</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Fire blast</col>, <cd>a disease of plants which causes them to appear as if burnt by fire.</cd> -- <col>Fire box</col>, <cd>the chamber of a furnace, steam boiler, etc., for the fire.</cd> -- <col>Fire brick</col>, <cd>a refractory brick, capable of sustaining intense heat without fusion, usually made of fire clay or of siliceous material, with some cementing substance, and used for lining fire boxes, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fire brigade</col>, <cd>an organized body of men for extinguished fires.</cd> -- <col>Fire bucket</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bucket</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fire bug</col>, <cd>an incendiary; one who, from malice or through mania, persistently sets fire to property; a pyromaniac.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Fire clay</col>. <cd>See under <er>Clay</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fire company</col>, <cd>a company of men managing an engine in extinguishing fires.</cd> -- <col>Fire cross</col>. <cd>See <er>Fiery cross</er>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <i>Milton.</i> -- <col>Fire damp</col>. <cd>See under <er>Damp</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fire dog</col>. <cd>See <er>Firedog</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Fire drill</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A series of evolutions performed by fireman for practice</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An apparatus for producing fire by friction, by rapidly twirling a wooden pin in a wooden socket; -- used by the Hindoos during all historic time, and by many savage peoples.</cd> -- <col>Fire eater</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A juggler who pretends to eat fire.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A quarrelsome person who seeks affrays; a hotspur.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Fire engine</col></mcol>, <cd>a portable forcing pump, usually on wheels, for throwing water to extinguish fire.</cd> -- <col>Fire escape</col>, <cd>a contrivance for facilitating escape from burning buildings.</cd> -- <col>Fire gilding</col> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld>, <cd>a mode of gilding with an amalgam of gold and quicksilver, the latter metal being driven off afterward by heat.</cd> -- <col>Fire gilt</col> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld>, <cd>gold laid on by the process of fire gilding.</cd> -- <col>Fire insurance</col>, <cd>the act or system of insuring against fire; also, a contract by which an insurance company undertakes, in consideration of the payment of a premium or small percentage -- usually made periodically -- to indemnify an owner of property from loss by fire during a specified period.</cd> -- <col>Fire irons</col>, <cd>utensils for a fireplace or grate, as tongs, poker, and shovel.</cd> -- <col>Fire main</col>, <cd>a pipe for water, to be used in putting out fire.</cd> -- <col>Fire master</col> <sd>(Mil)</sd>, <cd>an artillery officer who formerly supervised the composition of fireworks.</cd> -- <col>Fire office</col>, <cd>an office at which to effect insurance against fire.</cd> -- <col>Fire opal</col>, <cd>a variety of opal giving firelike reflections.</cd> -- <col>Fire ordeal</col>, <cd>an ancient mode of trial, in which the test was the ability of the accused to handle or tread upon red-hot irons.</cd> <i>Abbot.</i> -- <col>Fire pan</col>, <cd>a pan for holding or conveying fire, especially the receptacle for the priming of a gun.</cd> -- <col>Fire plug</col>, <cd>a plug or hydrant for drawing water from the main pipes in a street, building, etc., for extinguishing fires.</cd> -- <col>Fire policy</col>, <cd>the writing or instrument expressing the contract of insurance against loss by fire.</cd> -- <col>Fire pot</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>A small earthen pot filled with combustibles, formerly used as a missile in war.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The cast iron vessel which holds the fuel or fire in a furnace.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A crucible.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>A solderer's furnace.</cd> -- <col>Fire raft</col>, <cd>a raft laden with combustibles, used for setting fire to an enemy's ships.</cd> -- <col>Fire roll</col>, <cd>a peculiar beat of the drum to summon men to their quarters in case of fire.</cd> -- <col>Fire setting</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>the process of softening or cracking the working face of a lode, to facilitate excavation, by exposing it to the action of fire; -- now generally superseded by the use of explosives.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i> -- <col>Fire ship</col>, <cd>a vessel filled with combustibles, for setting fire to an enemy's ships.</cd> -- <col>Fire shovel</col>, <cd>a shovel for taking up coals of fire.</cd> -- <col>Fire stink</col>, <cd>the stench from decomposing iron pyrites, caused by the formation of sulphureted hydrogen.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i> -- <col>Fire surface</col>, <cd>the surfaces of a steam boiler which are exposed to the direct heat of the fuel and the products of combustion; heating surface.</cd> -- <col>Fire swab</col>, <cd>a swab saturated with water, for cooling a gun in action and clearing away particles of powder, etc.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> -- <col>Fire teaser</col>, <cd>in England, the fireman of a steam emgine.</cd> -- <col>Fire water</col>, <cd>ardent spirits; -- so called by the American Indians.</cd> -- <col>Fire worship</col>, <cd>the worship of fire, which prevails chiefly in Persia, among the followers of Zoroaster, called <i>Chebers<i>, or <i>Guebers<i>, and among the Parsees of India.</cd> -- <col>Greek fire</col>. <cd>See under <er>Greek</er>.</cd> -- <col>On fire</col>, <cd>burning; hence, ardent; passionate; eager; zealous.</cd> -- <col>Running fire</col>, <cd>the rapid discharge of firearms in succession by a line of troops.</cd> -- <col>St. Anthony's fire</col>, <cd>erysipelas; -- an eruptive fever which St. Anthony was supposed to cure miraculously.</cd> <i>Hoblyn.</i>  -- <col>St. Elmo's fire</col>. <cd>See under <er>Saint Elmo</er>.</cd> -- <col>To set on fire</col>, <cd>to inflame; to kindle.</cd> -- <col>To take fire</col>, <cd>to begin to burn; to fly into a passion.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fire</h1>
<Xpage=562>

<hw>Fire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fired</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fring</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set on fire; to kindle; <as>as, to <ex>fire</ex> a house or chimney; to <ex>fire</ex> a pile.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To subject to intense heat; to bake; to burn in a kiln; <as>as, to <ex>fire</ex> pottery</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To inflame; to irritate, as the passions; <as>as, to <ex>fire</ex> the soul with anger, pride, or revenge</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Love had <b>fired</b> my mind.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To animate; to give life or spirit to; <as>as, to <ex>fire</ex> the genius of a young man</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To feed or serve the fire of; <as>as, to <ex>fire</ex> a boiler</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To light up as if by fire; to illuminate.</def>

<blockquote>[The sun] <b>fires</b> the proud tops of the eastern pines.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To cause to explode; <as>as, to <ex>fire</ex> a torpedo; to disharge; <as>as, to <ex>fire</ex> a musket or cannon</as>; to <ex>fire</ex> cannon balls, rockets, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To drive by fire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Till my bad angel <b>fire</b> my good one out.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>To cauterize.</def>

<cs><col>To fire up</col>, <cd>to light up the fires of, as of an engine.</cd></cs><-- figuratively, to start up any machine -->

<h1>Fire</h1>
<Xpage=562>

<hw>Fire</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take fire; to be kindled; to kindle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be irritated or inflamed with passion.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To discharge artillery or firearms; <as>as, they <ex>fired</ex> on the town</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To fire up</col>, <cd>to grow irritated or angry. "He . . . <i>fired up<i>, and stood vigorously on his defense."</cd></cs>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Firearm</h1>
<Xpage=562>

<hw>Fire"arm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gun, pistol, or any weapon from a shot is discharged by the force of an explosive substance, as gunpowder.</def>

<h1>Fireback</h1>
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<hw>Fire"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of pheasants of the genus <spn>Euplocamus</spn>, having the lower back a bright, fiery red. They inhabit Southern Asia and the East Indies.</def>

<h1>Fireball</h1>
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<hw>Fire"ball`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A ball filled with powder or other combustibles, intended to be thrown among enemies, and to injure by explosion; also, to set fire to their works and light them up, so that movements may be seen.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A luminous meteor, resembling a ball of fire passing rapidly through the air, and sometimes exploding.</def><-- large mass of fire caused by a large explosion, as of inflammable liquids or a nuclear explosion  -->

<h1>Firebare</h1>
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<hw>Fire"bare`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A beacon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Fire beetle</h1>
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<hw>Fire" bee`tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very brilliantly luminous beetle (<spn>Pyrophorus noctilucus</spn>), one of the elaters, found in Central and South America; -- called also <altname>cucujo</altname>.  The name is also applied to other species. See <er>Firefly</er>.</def>

<h1>Firebird</h1>
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<hw>Fire"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Baltimore oriole.</def>

<h1>Fireboard</h1>
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<hw>Fire"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chimney board or screen to close a fireplace when not in use.</def>

<h1>Firebote</h1>
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<hw>Fire"bote`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(O.Eng.Law)</fld> <def>An allowance of fuel. See <er>Bote</er>.</def>

<h1>Firebrand</h1>
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<hw>Fire"brand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of burning wood.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who inflames factions, or causes contention and mischief; an incendiary.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Firecracker</h1>
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<hw>Fire"crack`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cracker</er>., <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Firecrest</h1>
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<hw>Fire"crest`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European kinglet (<spn>Regulus ignicapillus</spn>), having a bright red crest; -- called also <altname>fire-crested wren</altname>.</def>

<h1>Firedog</h1>
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<hw>Fire"dog`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A support for wood in a fireplace; an andiron.</def>

<h1>Firedrake</h1>
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<hw>Fire"drake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>f<?/rdraca</ets>; <ets>f<?/r</ets> fire + <ets>draca</ets> a dragon. See <er>Fire</er>, and <er>Drake</er> a dragon.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fiery dragon.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fiery meteor; an ignis fatuus; a rocket.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A worker at a furnace or fire.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Fire-fanged</h1>
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<hw>Fire"-fanged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fire</ets> + <ets>fanged</ets> seized.]</ety> <def>Injured as by fire; burned; -- said of manure which has lost its goodness and acquired an ashy hue in consequence of heat generated by decomposition.</def>

<h1>Firefish</h1>
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<hw>Fire"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A singular marine fish of the genus <spn>Pterois</spn>, family <spn>Scorp\'91nid\'91</spn>, of several species, inhabiting the Indo-Pacific region. They are usually red, and have very large spinose pectoral and dorsal fins.</def>

<h1>Fireflaire</h1>
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<hw>Fire"flaire`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fire</ets> + Prov. E. <ets>flaire</ets> a ray.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European sting ray of the genus <spn>Trygon</spn> (<spn>T. pastinaca</spn>); -- called also <altname>fireflare</altname> and <altname>fiery flaw</altname>.</def>

<h1>Fireflame</h1>
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<hw>Fire"flame`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European band fish (<spn>Cepola rubescens</spn>).</def>

<h1>Firefly</h1>
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<hw>Fire"fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fireflies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any luminous winged insect, esp. luminous beetles of the family <spn>Lampyrid\'91</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; The common American species belong to the genera <spn>Photinus</spn> and <spn>Photuris</spn>, in which both sexes are winged. The name is also applied to luminous species of <spn>Elaterid\'91</spn>. See <er>Fire beetle</er>.</note>

<h1>Fireless</h1>
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<hw>Fire"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of fire.</def>

<h1>Firelock</h1>
<Xpage=562>

<hw>Fire"lock`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An old form of gunlock, as the flintlock, which ignites the priming by a spark; perhaps originally, a matchlock. Hence, a gun having such a lock.</def>

<h1>Fireman</h1>
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<hw>Fire"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Firemen</plw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>n)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A man whose business is to extinguish fires in towns; a member of a fire company.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A man who tends the fires, as of a steam engine; a stocker.</def>

<h1>Fire-new</h1>
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<hw>Fire"-new`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fresh from the forge; bright; quite new; brand-new.</def>

<i>Charles reade.</i>

<blockquote>Your <b>fire-new</b> stamp of honor is scarce current.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fireplace</h1>
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<hw>Fire"place`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The part a chimney appropriated to the fire; a hearth; -- usually an open recess in a wall, in which a fire may be built.</def>

<h1>Fireproof</h1>
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<hw>Fire"proof`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Proof against fire; incombustible.</def>

<h1>Fireprrofing</h1>
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<hw>Fire"prrof`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of rendering anything incombustible; also, the materials used in the process.</def>

<h1>Firer</h1>
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<hw>Fir"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fires or sets fire to anything; an incendiary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>R. Carew.</i>

<h1>Fire-set</h1>
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<hw>Fire"-set`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A set of fire irons, including, commonly, tongs, shovel, and poker.</def>

<h1>Fireside</h1>
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<hw>Fire"side`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place near the fire or hearth; home; domestic life or retirement.</def>

<h1>Firestone</h1>
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<hw>Fire"stone`</hw> <tt>(?; 110)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>f<?/rst\'ben</ets> flint; <ets>f<?/r</ets> fire + <ets>st\'ben</ets> stone.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Iron pyrites, formerly used for striking fire; also, a flint.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stone which will bear the heat of a furnace without injury; -- especially applied to the sandstone at the top of the upper greensand in the south of England, used for lining kilns and furnaces.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Firetail</h1>
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<hw>Fire"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European redstart; -- called also <altname>fireflirt</altname>.</def> <mark>[prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Firewarden</h1>
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<hw>Fire"ward`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An officer who has authority to direct in the extinguishing of fires, or to order what precautions shall be taken against fires; -- called also <altname>fireward</altname>.</def>

<h1>Fireweed</h1>
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<hw>Fire"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An American plant (<spn>Erechthites hiercifolia</spn>), very troublesome in spots where brushwood has been burned.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The great willow-herb (<spn>Epilobium spicatum</spn>).</def>

<h1>Firewood</h1>
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<hw>Fire"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wood for fuel.</def>

<h1>Firework</h1>
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<hw>Fire"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A device for producing a striking display of light, or a figure or figures in plain or colored fire, by the combustion of materials that burn in some peculiar manner, as gunpowder, sulphur, metallic filings, and various salts. The most common feature of fireworks is a paper or pasteboard tube filled with the combustible material. A number of these tubes or cases are often combined so as to make, when kindled, a great variety of figures in fire, often variously colored. The skyrocket is a common form of <i>firework</i>. The name is also given to various combustible preparations used in war.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A pyrotechnic exhibition.</def> <mark>[Obs. in the sing.]</mark>

<blockquote>Night before last, the Duke of Richmond gave a <b>firework</b>.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fireworm</h1>
<Xpage=562>

<hw>Fire"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of a small tortricid moth which eats the leaves of the cranberry, so that the vines look as if burned; -- called also <altname>cranberry worm</altname>.</def>

<h1>Firing</h1>
<Xpage=562>

<hw>Fir"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of disharging firearms.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The mode of introducing fuel into the furnace and working it.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The application of fire, or of a cautery.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The process of partly vitrifying pottery by exposing it to intense heat in a kiln.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Fuel; firewood or coal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<cs><col>Firing iron</col>, <cd>an instrument used in cauterizing.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="563">
Page 563<p>

<h1>Firk</h1>
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<hw>Firk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>ferken</ets> to proceed, hasten, AS. <ets>fercian</ets> to bring, assist; perh. akin to <ets>faran</ets> to go, E. <ets>fare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To beat; to strike; to chastise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I'll fer him, and <b>firk</b> him, and ferret him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Firk</h1>
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<hw>Firk</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fly out; to turn out; to go off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A wench is a rare bait, with which a man

<blockquote>No sooner's taken but he straight <b>firks</b> mad.B.Jonson.

<h1>Firk</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Firk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A freak; trick; quirk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Firkin</h1>
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<hw>Fir"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From AS. <ets>fe\'a2wer</ets> four (or an allied word, perh. Dutch or Danish) + <ets>-kin</ets>. See <er>Four</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A varying measure of capacity, usually being the fourth part of a barrel; specifically, a measure equal to nine imperial gallons.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small wooden vessel or cask of indeterminate size, -- used for butter, lard, etc.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Firlot</h1>
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<hw>Fir"lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot., the fourth part of a boll of grain, from a word equiv. to E. <ets>four + lot</ets> part, portion. See <er>Firkin</er>.]</ety> <def>A dry measure formerly used in Scotland; the fourth part of a boll of grain or meal. The Linlithgow wheat firlot was to the imperial bushel as 998 to 1000; the barley firlot as 1456 to 1000.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Firm</h1>
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<hw>Firm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Firmer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Firmest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ferme</ets>, F. <ets>ferme</ets>, fr.L. <ets>firmus</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>dharman</ets> support, law, order, <ets>dh<?/</ets> to hold fast, carry. Cf. <er>Farm</er>, <er>Throne</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fixed; hence, closely compressed; compact; substantial; hard; solid; -- applied to the matter of bodies; <as>as, <ex>firm</ex> flesh; <ex>firm</ex> muscles, <ex>firm</ex> wood.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not easily excited or disturbed; unchanging in purpose; fixed; steady; constant; stable; unshaken; not easily changed in feelings or will; strong; <as>as, a <ex>firm</ex> believer; a <ex>firm</ex> friend; a <ex>firm</ex> adherent.</as></def>

<blockquote>Under spread ensigns, moving nigh, in slow
But <b>firm</b> battalion.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By one man's <b>firm</b> obediency fully tried.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Solid; -- opposed to <i>fluid</i>; <as>as, <ex>firm</ex> land</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Indicating firmness; <as>as, a <ex>firm</ex> tread; a <ex>firm</ex> countenance.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Compact; dense; hard; solid; stanch; robust; strong; sturdly; fixed; steady; resolute; constant.</syn>

<h1>Firm</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Firm</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>firma</ets> the (firm, sure, or confirming) signature or subscription, or Pg. <ets>firma</ets> signature, firm, cf. Sp. <ets>firma</ets> signature; all fr. L. <ets>firmus</ets>, adj., firm. See <er>Firm</er>, <ets>a</ets>]</ety> <def>The name, title, or style, under which a company transacts business; a partnership of two or more persons; a commercial house; <as>as, the <ex>firm</ex> of Hope & Co</as>.</def>

<h1>Firm</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Firm</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fermen</ets> to make firm, F. <ets>fermer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>firmare</ets> to make firm. See <er>Firm</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fix; to settle; to confirm; to establish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And Jove has <b>firmed</b> it with an awful nod.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fix or direct with firmness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He on his card and compass <b>firms</b> his eye.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Firmament</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Fir"ma*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>firmamentum</ets>, fr. <ets>firmare</ets> to make firm: cf. F. <ets>firmament</ets>. See <er>Firm</er>, <ets>v</ets>. & <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fixed foundation; established basis.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Custom is the . . . <b>firmament</b> of the law.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The region of the air; the sky or heavens.</def>

<blockquote>And God said, Let there be a <b>firmament</b> in the mi<?/st of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.
<i>Gen. i. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And God said, Let there be lights in the <b>firmament</b>.
<i>Gen. i. 14.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In Scripture, the word denotes an expanse, a wide extent; the great arch or expanse over out heads, in which are placed the atmosphere and the clouds, and in which the stars <i>appear</i> to be placed, and are <i>really</i> seen.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Old Astron.)</fld> <def>The orb of the fixed stars; the most rmote of the celestial spheres.</def>

<h1>Firmamental</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Fir`ma*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the firmament; celestial; being of the upper regions.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Firman</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Fir"man</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Firmans</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <i>or</i> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Pers. <ets>ferm\'ben</ets>.]</ety> <def>In Turkey and some other Oriental countries, a decree or mandate issued by the sovereign; a royal order or grant; -- generally given for special objects, as to a traveler to insure him protection and assistance.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>firmaun</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Firmer-chisel</h1>
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<hw>Firm"er-chis"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chisel, thin in proportion to its width. It has a tang to enter the handle instead of a socket for receiving it.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Firmitude</h1>
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<hw>Firm"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>firmitudo</ets>. See <er>Firm</er>.]</ety> <def>Strength; stability.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Firmity</h1>
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<hw>Firm"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>firmitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Strength; firmness; stability.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chillingworth.</i>

<h1>Firmless</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Firm"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Detached from substance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Does passion still the <b>firmless</b> mind control?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Infirm; unstable.</def> "<i>Firmless</i> sands."

<i>Sylvester.</i>

<h1>Firmly</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Firm"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a firm manner.</def>

<h1>Firmness</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Firm"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being firm.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Firmness</er>, <er>Constancy</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Firmness</i> belongs to the will, and <i>constancy</i> to the affections and principles; the former prevents us from yielding, and the latter from fluctuating. Without <i>firmness</i> a man has no character; "without <i>constancy</i>," says Addison, "there is neither love, friendship, nor virtue in the world."</usage>

<h1>Firms</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Firms</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Firm</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The principal rafters of a roof, especially a pair of rafters taken together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Firring</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Fir"ring</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Furring</er>.</def>

<h1>Firry</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Fir"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of fir; abounding in firs.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>firry</b> woodlands making moan.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>First</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>First</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>first</ets>, <ets>furst</ets>, AS. <ets>fyrst</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>fyrstr</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>f\'94rste</ets>, OHG. <ets>furist</ets>, G. <ets>f\'81rst</ets> prince; a superlatiye form of E. <ets>for</ets>, <ets>fore</ets>. See <er>For</er>, <er>Fore</er>, and cf. <er>Formeer</er>, <er>Foremost</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Preceding all others of a series or kind; the ordinal of one; earliest; <as>as, the <ex>first</ex> day of a month; the <ex>first</ex> year of a reign.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Foremost; in front of, or in advance of, all others.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Most eminent or exalted; most excellent; chief; highest; <as>as, Demosthenes was the <ex>first</ex> orator of Greece</as>.</def>

<cs><col>At first blush</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blush</er>.</cd> -- <col>At first hand</col>, <cd>from the first or original source; without the intervention of any agent.</cd>

<blockquote>It is the intention of the person to reveal it <b>at first hand</b>, by way of mouth, to yourself.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>First coat</col> <fld>(Plastering)</fld>, <cd>the solid foundation of coarse stuff, on which the rest is placed; it is thick, and crossed with lines, so as to give a bond for the next coat.</cd> -- <col>First day</col>, <cd>Sunday; -- so called by the Friends.</cd> -- <col>First floor</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The ground floor.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The floor next above the ground floor.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>First</col> <col>fruit &or; fruits</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The fruits of the season earliest gathered.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <cd>One year's profits of lands belonging to the king on the death of a tenant who held directly from him.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</fld> <cd>The first year's whole profits of a benefice or spiritual living.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>The earliest effects or results.</cd>

<blockquote>See, Father, what <b>first fruits</b> on earth are sprung
From thy implanted grace in man!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>First mate</col>, <cd>an officer in a merchant vessel next in rank to the captain.</cd> -- <col>First name</col>, <cd>same as <i>Christian name<i>. See under <er>Name</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>First officer</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>in the merchant service, same as <i>First mate<i> (above).</cd> -- <col>First sergeant</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the ranking non-commissioned officer in a company; the orderly sergeant.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> -- <col>First watch</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the watch from eight to twelve at midnight; also, the men on duty during that time.</cd> -- <col>First water</col>, <cd>the highest quality or purest luster; -- said of gems, especially of diamond and pearls.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Primary; primordial; primitive; primeval; pristine; highest; chief; principal; foremost.</syn>

<h1>First</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>First</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Before any other person or thing in time, space, rank, etc.; -- much used in composition with adjectives and participles.</def>

<blockquote>Adam was <b>first</b> formed, then Eve.
<i>1 Tim. ii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<cs> <mcol><col>At first</col>, <col>At the first</col></mcol>, <cd>at the beginning or origin.</cd> -- <col>First or last</col>, <cd>at one time or another; at the beginning or end.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>And all are fools and lovers <b>first or last</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>First</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>First</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The upper part of a duet, trio, etc., either vocal or instrumental; -- so called because it generally expresses the air, and has a pre\'89minence in the combined effect.</def>

<h1>Firstborn</h1>
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<hw>First"born`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>First brought forth; first in the order of nativity; eldest; hence, most excellent; most distinguished or exalted.</def>

<h1>First-class</h1>
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<hw>First"-class`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the best class; of the highest rank; in the first division; of the best quality; first-rate; <as>as, a <ex>first-class</ex> telescope</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>First-class car</col> &or; <col>First-class railway carriage</col></mcol>, <cd>any passenger car of the highest regular class, and intended for passengers who pay the highest regular rate; -- distinguished from a <i>second-class car<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>First-hand</h1>
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<hw>First"-hand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Obtained directly from the first or original source; hence, without the intervention of an agent.</def>

<blockquote>One sphere there is . . . where the apprehension of him is <b>first-hand</b> and direct; and that is the sphere of our own mind.
<i>J. Martineau.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Firstling</h1>
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<hw>First"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>First</ets> + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The first produce or offspring; -- said of animals, especially domestic animals; <as>as, the <ex>firstlings</ex> of his flock</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thing first thought or done.</def>

<blockquote>The very <b>firstlings</b> of my heart shall be
The <b>firstlings</b> of my hand.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Firstling</h1>
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<hw>First"ling</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Firstborn.</def>

<blockquote>All the <b>firstling</b> males.
<i>Deut. xv. 19.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Firstly</h1>
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<hw>First"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the first place; before anything else; -- sometimes improperly used for <i>first</i>.</def>

<h1>First-rate</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>First"-rate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the highest excellence; pre\'89minent in quality, size, or estimation.</def>

<blockquote>Our only <b>first-rate</b> body of contemporary poetry is the German.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hermocrates . . . a man of <b>first-rate</b> ability.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd).</i></blockquote>

<h1>First-rate</h1>
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<hw>First"-rate`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A war vessel of the highest grade or the most powerful class.</def>

<h1>Firth</h1>
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<hw>Firth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. See <er>Frith</er>.]</ety> <fld>(geog.)</fld> <def>An arm of the sea; a frith.</def>

<h1>Fir tree</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Fir" tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. See <er>Fir</er>.</def>

<h1>Fisc</h1>
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<hw>Fisc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fisc</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fiscus</ets> basket, money basket, treasury; prob. akin to <ets>fascis</ets> bundle. See <er>Fasces</er>.]</ety> <def>A public or state treasury.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Fiscal</h1>
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<hw>Fis"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fiscal</ets>, L. <ets>fiscalis</ets>, fr. <ets>fiscus</ets>. See <er>Fisc</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the public treasury or revenue.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>fiscal</b> arreangements of government.
<i>A\'3eHamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fiscal</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Fis"cal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The income of a prince or a state; revenue; exhequer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A treasurer.</def>

<i>H. Swinburne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A public officer in Scotland who prosecutes in petty criminal cases; -- called also <altname>procurator fiscal</altname>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The solicitor in Spain and Portugal; the attorney-general.</def>

<h1>Fisetic</h1>
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<hw>Fi*set"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to fustet or fisetin.</def>

<h1>Fisetin</h1>
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<hw>Fis"e*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>fisett</ets>holz a species of fustic.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow crystalline substance extracted from fustet, and regarded as its essential coloring principle; -- called also <altname>fisetic acid</altname>.</def>

<h1>Fish</h1>
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<hw>Fish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fiche</ets> peg, mark, fr. <ets>fisher</ets> to fix.]</ety> <def>A counter, used in various games.</def>

<h1>Fish</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Fish</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fishes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <i>or collectively</i>, <plw>Fish</plw></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>fisch</ets>, <ets>fisc</ets>, <ets>fis</ets>, AS. <ets>fisc</ets>; akin to D. <ets>visch</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>fisk</ets>, G. <ets>fisch</ets>, Icel. <ets>fiskr</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>fisk</ets>, Goth. <ets>fisks</ets>, L. <ets>piscis</ets>, Ir. <ets>iasg</ets>. Cf. <er>Piscatorial</er>. In some cases, such as <ets>fish</ets> joint, <ets>fish</ets> plate, this word has prob. been confused with <ets>fish</ets>, fr. F. <ets>fiche</ets>a peg.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A name loosely applied in popular usage to many animals of diverse characteristics, living in the water.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An oviparous, vertebrate animal usually having fins and a covering scales or plates. It breathes by means of gills, and lives almost entirely in the water. See <er>Pisces</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The true fishes include the Teleostei (bony fishes), Ganoidei, Dipnoi, and Elasmobranchii or Selachians (sharks and skates). Formerly the leptocardia and Marsipobranciata were also included, but these are now generally regarded as two distinct classes, below the fishes.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The twelfth sign of the zodiac; Pisces.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The flesh of fish, used as food.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A purchase used to fish the anchor.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A piece of timber, somewhat in the form of a fish, used to strengthen a mast or yard.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Fish</i> is used adjectively or as part of a compound word; as, <i>fish</i> line, <i>fish</i> pole, <i>fish</i> spear, <i>fish</i>-bellied.</note>

<cs><col>Age of Fishes</col>. <cd>See under <er>Age</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 8.</cd> -- <col>Fish ball</col>, <cd>fish (usually salted codfish) shared fine, mixed with mashed potato, and made into the form of a small, round cake.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Fish bar</col>. <cd>Same as <i>Fish plate<i> (below).</cd> -- <col>Fish beam</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a beam one of whose sides (commonly the under one) swells out like the belly of a fish.</cd> <i>Francis.</i> -- <col>Fish crow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of crow (<spn>Corvus ossifragus</spn>), found on the Atlantic coast of the United States. It feeds largely on fish.</cd> -- <col>Fish culture</col>, <cd>the artifical breeding and rearing of fish; pisciculture.</cd> -- <col>Fish davit</col>. <cd>See <er>Davit</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fish day</col>, <cd>a day on which fish is eaten; a fast day.</cd> -- <col>Fish duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of merganser.</cd> -- <col>Fish fall</col>, <cd>the tackle depending from the fish davit, used in hauling up the anchor to the gunwale of a ship.</cd> -- <col>Fish garth</col>, <cd>a dam or weir in a river for keeping fish or taking them easily.</cd> -- <col>Fish glue</col>. <cd>See <er>Isinglass</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fish joint</col>, <cd>a joint formed by a plate or pair of plates fastened upon two meeting beams, plates, etc., at their junction; -- used largely in connecting the rails of railroads.</cd> -- <col>Fish kettle</col>, <cd>a long kettle for boiling fish whole.</cd> -- <col>Fish ladder</col>, <cd>a dam with a series of steps which fish can leap in order to ascend falls in a river.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fish line</col>, &or; <col>Fishing line</col></mcol>, <cd>a line made of twisted hair, silk, etc., used in angling.</cd> -- <col>Fish louse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any crustacean parasitic on fishes, esp. the parasitic Copepoda, belonging to <spn>Caligus</spn>, <spn>Argulus</spn>, and other related genera. See <er>Branchiura</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fish maw</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the stomach of a fish; also, the air bladder, or sound.</cd> -- <col>Fish meal</col>, <cd>fish desiccated and ground fine, for use in soups, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fish oil</col>, <cd>oil obtained from the bodies of fish and marine animals, as whales, seals, sharks, from cods' livers, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fish owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fish-eating owl of the Old World genera <spn>Scotopelia</spn> and <spn>Ketupa</spn>, esp. a large East Indian species (<spn>K. Ceylonensis</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Fish plate</col>, <cd>one of the plates of a fish joint.</cd> -- <col>Fish pot</col>, <cd>a wicker basket, sunk, with a float attached, for catching crabs, lobsters, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fish pound</col>, <cd>a net attached to stakes, for entrapping and catching fish; a weir. <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark></cd> <i>Bartlett.</i> -- <col>Fish slice</col>, <cd>a broad knife for dividing fish at table; a fish trowel.</cd> -- <col>Fish slide</col>, <cd>an inclined box set in a stream at a small fall, or ripple, to catch fish descending the current.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>Fish sound</col>, <cd>the air bladder of certain fishes, esp. those that are dried and used as food, or in the arts, as for the preparation of isinglass.</cd> -- <col>Fish story</col>, <cd>a story which taxes credulity; an extravagant or incredible narration. <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark></cd> <i>Bartlett.</i>  -- <col>Fish strainer</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A metal colander, with handles, for taking fish from a boiler.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A perforated earthenware slab at the bottom of a dish, to drain the water from a boiled fish.</cd> -- <col>Fish trowel</col>, <cd>a fish slice.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fish</col> <col>weir &or; wear</col></mcol>, <cd>a weir set in a stream, for catching fish.</cd> -- <col>Neither fish nor flesh</col> (<mark>Fig<mark>.), <cd>neither one thing nor the other.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fish</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Fish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fishing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To attempt to catch fish; to be employed in taking fish, by any means, as by angling or drawing a net.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To seek to obtain by artifice, or indirectly to seek to draw forth; <as>as, to <ex>fish</ex> for compliments</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Any other <b>fishing</b> question.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fish</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Fish</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fischen</ets>, <ets>fisken</ets>, <ets>fissen</ets>, AS. <ets>fiscian</ets>; akin to G. <ets>fischen</ets>, OHG. <ets>fisc<?/n</ets>, Goth. <ets>fisk<?/n</ets>. See <er>Fish</er> the animal.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To catch; to draw out or up; <as>as, to <ex>fish</ex> up an anchor</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To search by raking or sweeping.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To try with a fishing rod; to catch fish in; <as>as, to <ex>fish</ex> a stream</as>.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To strengthen (a beam, mast, etc.), or unite end to end (two timbers, railroad rails, etc.) by bolting a plank, timber, or plate to the beam, mast, or timbers, lengthwise on one or both sides. See <cref>Fish joint</cref>, under <er>Fish</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<cs><col>To fish the anchor</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Anchor</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fish-bellied</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Fish"-bel`lied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bellying or swelling out on the under side; <as>as, a <ex>fish-bellied</ex> rail</as>.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Fish-block</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Fish"-block`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Fish-tackle</er>.</def>

<h1>Fisher</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Fish"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fiscere</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who fishes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (<spn>Mustela Canadensis</spn>); the pekan; the "black cat."</def>

<h1>Fisherman</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Fish"er*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fishermen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One whose occupation is to catch fish.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A ship or vessel employed in the business of taking fish, as in the cod fishery.</def>

<h1>Fishery</h1>
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<hw>Fish"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fisheries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The business or practice of catching fish; fishing.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place for catching fish.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The right to take fish at a certain place, or in particular waters.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Fishful</h1>
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<hw>Fish"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding with fish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "My <i>fishful</i> pond."

<i>R. Carew.</i>

<h1>Fishgig</h1>
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<hw>Fish"gig`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A spear with barbed prongs used for harpooning fish.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Fishhawk</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Fish"hawk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The osprey (<spn>Pandion halia\'89tus</spn>), found both in Europe and America; -- so called because it plunges into the water and seizes fishes in its talons. Called also <altname>fishing eagle</altname>, and <altname>bald buzzard</altname>.</def>

<h1>Fishhook</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Fish"hook`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hook for catching fish.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A hook with a pendant, to the end of which the fish-tackle is hooked.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Fishify</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Fish"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To change to fish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fishiness</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Fish"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being fishy or fishlike.</def>

<i>Pennant.</i>

<h1>Fishing</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Fish"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act, practice, or art of one who fishes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fishery.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Fishing</h1>
<Xpage=563>

<hw>Fish"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fishing</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Pertaining to fishing; used in fishery; engaged in fishing; <as>as, <ex>fishing</ex> boat; <ex>fishing</ex> tackle; <ex>fishing</ex> village.</as></def>

<cs><col>Fishing fly</col>, <cd>an artificial fly for fishing.</cd> -- <col>Fishing line</col>, <cd>a line used in catching fish.</cd> -- <col>Fishing net</col>, <cd>a net of various kinds for catching fish; including the bag net, casting net, drag net, landing net, seine, shrimping net, trawl, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fishing rod</col>, <cd>a long slender rod, to which is attached the line for angling.</cd> -- <col>Fishing smack</col>, <cd>a sloop or other small vessel used in sea fishing.</cd> -- <col>Fishing tackle</col>, <cd>apparatus used in fishing, as hook, line, rod, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fishing tube</col> <fld>(Micros.)</fld>, <cd>a glass tube for selecting a microscopic object in a fluid.</cd><-- fishing expedition (metaphorical usage). an investigation searching for evidence of wrongdoing, without specifying in advance the wrongdoing to be proven, and often with no evidence of such wrongdoing available at the outset of the investigation --></cs>

<hr>
<page="564">
Page 564<p>

<h1>Fishlike</h1>
<Xpage=564>

<hw>Fish"like</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like fish; suggestive of fish; having some of the qualities of fish.</def>

<blockquote>A very ancient and <b>fishlike</b> smell.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fishmonger</h1>
<Xpage=564>

<hw>Fish"mon`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dealer in fish.</def>

<h1>Fishskin</h1>
<Xpage=564>

<hw>Fish"skin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The skin of a fish (dog fish, shark, etc.)</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ichthyosis</er>.</def>

<h1>Fish-tackle</h1>
<Xpage=564>

<hw>Fish"-tac`kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tackle or purchase used to raise the flukes of the anchor up to the gunwale. The block used is called the <i>fish-block</i>.</def>

<h1>Fish-tail</h1>
<Xpage=564>

<hw>Fish"-tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like the of a fish; acting, or producing something, like the tail of a fish.</def>

<cs><col>Fish-tail burner</col>, <cd>a gas burner that gives a spreading flame shaped somewhat like the tail of a fish.</cd> -- <col>Fish-tail propeller</col> <fld>(Steamship)</fld>, <cd>a propeller with a single blade that oscillates like the tail of a fish when swimming.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fishwife</h1>
<Xpage=564>

<hw>Fish"wife`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fishwoman.</def>

<h1>Fishwoman</h1>
<Xpage=564>

<hw>Fish"wom`an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fishwomen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A woman who retails fish.</def>

<h1>Fishy</h1>
<Xpage=564>

<hw>Fish"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of fish; fishlike; having the qualities or taste of fish; abounding in fish.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Extravagant, like some stories about catching fish; improbable; also, rank or foul.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>
<--3. creating suspicion that the surface appearances are misleading -->

<h1>Fisk</h1>
<Xpage=564>

<hw>Fisk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>fjeska</ets> to bustle about.]</ety> <def>To run about; to frisk; to whisk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He <b>fisks</b> abroad, and stirreth up erroneous opinions.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fissigemmation</h1>
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<hw>Fis`si*gem*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fissus</ets> (p.p. of <ets>findere</ets> to split) + E. <ets>gemmation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A process of reproduction intermediate between fission and gemmation.</def>

<h1>Fissile</h1>
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<hw>Fis"sile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fissilis</ets>, fr. <ets>fissus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>findere</ets> to split. See <er>Fissure</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being split, cleft, or divided in the direction of the grain, like wood, or along natural planes of cleavage, like crystals.</def>

<blockquote>This crystal is a pellucid, <i>fissile</i> stone.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fissilingual</h1>
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<hw>Fis`si*lin"gual</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fissus</ets> (p.p. of <ets>findere</ets> to split) + E. <ets>lingual</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the tongue forked.</def>

<h1>Fissilinguia</h1>
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<hw>Fis`si*lin"gui*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>fissus</ets> (p.p. o f <ets>findere</ets> to split) + <ets>lingua</ets> tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Lacertilia having the tongue forked, including the common lizards.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Fissilingues</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Fissility</h1>
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<hw>Fis*sil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being fissile.</def>

<h1>Fission</h1>
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<hw>Fis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fissio</ets>. See <er>Fissure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cleaving, splitting, or breaking up into parts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A method of asexual reproduction among the lowest (unicellular) organisms by means of a process of self-division, consisting of gradual division or cleavage of the into two parts, each of which then becomes a separate and independent organisms; as when a cell in an animal or plant, or its germ, undergoes a spontaneous division, and the parts again subdivide. See <er>Segmentation</er>, and <i>Cell division</i>, under <er>Division</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A process by which certain coral polyps, echinoderms, annelids, etc., spontaneously subdivide, each individual thus forming two or more new ones. See <er>Strobilation</er>.</def>

<h1>Fissipalmate</h1>
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<hw>Fis`si*pal"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fissus</ets> (p.p. of <ets>findere</ets> to split) + <ets>palma</ets> palm.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Semipalmate and loboped, as a grebe's foot. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Aves</er>.</def>

<h1>Fissipara</h1>
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<hw>Fis*sip"a*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Fissiparous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Animals which reproduce by fission.</def>

<h1>Fissiparism</h1>
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<hw>Fis*sip"a*rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fissiparous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Reproduction by spontaneous fission.</def>

<h1>Fissiparity</h1>
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<hw>Fis`si*par"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Quality of being fissiparous; fissiparism.</def>

<h1>Fissiparous</h1>
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<hw>Fis*sip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fissus</ets> (p.p. of <ets>findere</ets> to split) + <ets>parere</ets> to bring forth: cf. F. <ets>fissipare</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Reproducing by spontaneous fission. See <er>Fission</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fis*sip"a*rous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fissipation</h1>
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<hw>Fis`si*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Reproduction by fission; fissiparism.</def>

<h1>Fissiped, Fissipedal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fis"si*ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fis*sip"e*dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fissip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the toes separated to the base. [See <er>Aves</er>.]</def>

<h1>Fissiped</h1>
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<hw>Fis"si*ped</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Fissipedia.</def>

<h1>Fissipedia</h1>
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<hw>Fis`si*pe"di*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>fissus</ets> (p.p. of <ets>findere</ets> to cleave) + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, a foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of the Carnivora, including the dogs, cats, and bears, in which the feet are not webbed; -- opposed to <i>Pinnipedia</i>.</def>

<h1>Fissirostral</h1>
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<hw>Fis`si*ros"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fissirostre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the bill cleft beyond the horny part, as in the case of swallows and goatsuckers.</def>

<h1>Fissirostres</h1>
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<hw>Fis`si*ros"tres</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>fissus</ets> (p.p. of <ets>findere</ets> to cleave) + <ets>rostrum</ets> beak.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of birds having the bill deeply cleft.</def>

<h1>Fissural</h1>
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<hw>Fis"sur*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a fissure or fissures; <as>as, the <ex>fissural</ex> pattern of a brain</as>.</def>

<h1>Fissuration</h1>
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<hw>Fis`su*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The act of dividing or opening; the state of being fissured.</def>

<h1>Fissure</h1>
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<hw>Fis"sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fissura</ets>, fr. <ets>findere</ets>, <ets>fissum</ets>, to cleave, split; akin to E. <ets>bite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fissure</ets>.]</ety> <def>A narrow opening, made by the parting of any substance; a cleft; <as>as, the <ex>fissure</ex> of a rock</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Cerebral fissures</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the furrows or clefts by which the surface of the cerebrum is divided; esp., the furrows first formed by the infolding of the whole wall of the cerebrum.</cd> -- <col>Fissure needle</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>a spiral needle for catching together the gaping lips of wounds.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>Fissure of rolando</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the furrow separating the frontal from the parietal lobe in the cerebrum.</cd> -- <col>Fissure of Sylvius</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a deep cerebral fissure separating the frontal from the temporal lobe. See <i>Illust<i>. under <er>Brain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fissure vein</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a crack in the earth's surface filled with mineral matter.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i></cs>

<h1>Fissure</h1>
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<hw>Fis"sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cleave; to divide; to crack or fracture.</def>

<h1>Fissurella</h1>
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<hw>Fis`su*rel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>fissura</ets> a fissure.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine gastropod mollusks, having a conical or limpetlike shell, with an opening at the apex; -- called also <altname>keyhole limpet</altname>.</def>

<h1>Fist</h1>
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<hw>Fist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fist</ets>, <ets>fust</ets>, AS. <ets>f<?/st</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vuist</ets>, OHG. <ets>f<?/st</ets>, G. <ets>faust</ets>, and prob. to L. <ets>pugnus</ets>, Gr. <?/ fist, <?/ with the fist. Cf. <er>Pugnacious</er>, <er>Pigmy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The hand with the fingers doubled into the palm; the closed hand, especially as clinched tightly for the purpose of striking a blow.</def>

<blockquote>Who grasp the earth and heaven with my <b>fist</b>.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The talons of a bird of prey.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>More light than culver in the falcon's <b>fist</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(print.)</fld> <def>the index mark [&hand;], used to direct special attention to the passage which follows.</def>

<cs><col>Hand over fist</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>rapidly; hand over hand.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fist</h1>
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<hw>Fist</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fisted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fisting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike with the fist.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To gripe with the fist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fistic</h1>
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<hw>Fist"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fist</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to boxing, or to encounters with the fists; puglistic; <as>as, <ex>fistic</ex> exploits; <ex>fistic</ex> heroes.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Fisticuff</h1>
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<hw>Fist"i*cuff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cuff or blow with the fist or hand</def>; <def2>(<pluf>pl.</pluf>) <def>a fight with the fists; boxing</def>.</def2>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Fistinut</h1>
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<hw>Fis"ti*nut</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Fr. <ets>fistinq</ets>, <ets>fistuq</ets>. See <er>Pistachio</er>.]</ety> <def>A pistachio nut.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Fistuca</h1>
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<hw>Fis*tu"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>An instrument used by the ancients in driving piles.</def>

<h1>Fistula</h1>
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<hw>Fis"tu*la</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fistul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A reed; a pipe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pipe for convejing water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A permanent abnormal opening into the soft parts with a constant discharge; a deep, narrow, chronic abscess; an abnormal opening between an internal cavity and another cavity or the surface; <as>as, a salivary <ex>fistula</ex>; an anal <ex>fistula</ex>; a recto-vaginal <ex>fistula</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>Incomplete fistula</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a fistula open at one end only.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fistular</h1>
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<hw>Fis"tu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fistularis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fistulaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hollow and cylindrical, like a pipe or reed.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Fistularia</h1>
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<hw>Fis`tu*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>fistula</ets> pipe.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fishes, having the head prolonged into a tube, with the mouth at the extremity.</def>

<h1>Fistularioid</h1>
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<hw>Fis`tu*la"ri*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fistularia</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the genus Fistularia.</def>

<h1>Fistulate</h1>
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<hw>Fis"tu*late</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i</tt>. <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>fistulatus</ets> furnished with pipes.]</ety> <def>To make hollow or become hollow like a fistula, or pipe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>fistulated</i> ulcer."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Fistule</h1>
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<hw>Fis"tule</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fistula.</def>

<h1>Fistuliform</h1>
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<hw>Fis"tu*li*form</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fistula</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of a fistular form; tubular; pipe-shaped.</def>

<blockquote>Stalactite often occurs <b>fistuliform</b>.
<i>W. Philips.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fistulose</h1>
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<hw>Fis"tu*lose`</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fistulosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formed like a fistula; hollow; reedlike.</def>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>Fistulous</h1>
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<hw>Fis"tu*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fistuleux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the form or nature of a fistula; <as>as, a <ex>fistulous</ex> ulcer</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hollow, like a pipe or reed; fistulose.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<h1>Fit</h1>
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<hw>Fit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Fight</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Fit</h1>
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<hw>Fit</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fitt</ets> a song.]</ety> <def>In Old English, a song; a strain; a canto or portion of a ballad; a passus.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>fitte</asp>, <asp>fytte</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<blockquote>To play some pleasant <b>fit</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fit</h1>
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<hw>Fit</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Fitter</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Fittest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fit</ets>, <ets>fyt</ets>; cf. E. <ets>feat</ets> neat, elegant, well made, or icel. <ets>fitja</ets> to web, knit, OD. <ets>vitten</ets> to suit, square, Goth. <ets>f<?/tjan</ets> to adorn. <?/ 77.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Adapted to an end, object, or design; suitable by nature or by art; suited by character, qualitties, circumstances, education, etc.; qualified; competent; worthy.</def>

<blockquote>That which ordinary men are <b>fit</b> for, I am qualified in.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Fit</b> audience find, though few.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Prepared; ready.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So <b>fit</b> to shoot, she singled forth among
her foes who first her quarry's strength should feel.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Conformed to a standart of duty, properiety, or taste; convenient; meet; becoming; proper.</def>

<blockquote>Is it <b>fit</b> to say a king, Thou art wicked?
<i>Job xxxiv. 18.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Suitable; proper; appropriate; meet; becoming; expedient; congruous; correspondent; apposite; apt; adapted; prepared; qualified; competent; adequate.</syn>

<h1>Fit</h1>
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<hw>Fit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fitted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fitting</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make fit or suitable; to adapt to the purpose intended; to qualify; to put into a condition of readiness or preparation.</def>

<blockquote>The time is <b>fitted</b> for the duty.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The very situation for which he was peculiarly <b>fitted</b> by nature.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring to a required form and size; to shape aright; to adapt to a model; to adjust; -- said especially of the work of a carpenter, machinist, tailor, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The carpenter . . . marketh it out with a line; he <b>fitteth</b> it with planes.
<i>Is. xliv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To supply with something that is suitable or fit, or that is shaped and adjusted to the use required.</def>

<blockquote>No milliner can so <b>fit</b> his customers with gloves.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be suitable to; to answer the requirements of; to be correctly shaped and adjusted to; <as>as, if the coat <ex>fits</ex> you, put it on</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That's a bountiful answer that <b>fits</b> all questions.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That time best <b>fits</b> the work.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To fit out</col>, <cd>to supply with necessaries or means; to furnish; to equip; as, <i>to fit out<i> a privateer.</cd> -- <col>To fit up</col>, <cd>to firnish with things suitable; to make proper for the reception or use of any person; to prepare; as, <i>to fit up<i> a room for a guest.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fit</h1>
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<hw>Fit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be proper or becoming.</def>

<blockquote>Nor <b>fits</b> it to prolong the feast.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be adjusted to a particular shape or size; to suit; to be adapted; <as>as, his coat <ex>fits</ex> very well</as>.</def>

<h1>Fit</h1>
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<hw>Fit</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being fit; adjustment; adaptedness; as of dress to the person of the wearer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The coincidence of parts that come in contact.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The part of an object upon which anything fits tightly.</def>

<cs><col>Fit rod</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>a gauge rod used to try the depth of a bolt hole in order to determine the length of the bolt required.</cd> <i>Knight.</i></cs>

<h1>Fit</h1>
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<hw>Fit</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fit</ets> strife, fight; of uncertain origin. &root; 77.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A stroke or blow.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Curse on that cross, quoth then the Sarazin,
That keeps thy body from the bitter <b>fit</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sudden and violent attack of a disorder; a stroke of disease, as of epilepsy or apoplexy, which produces convulsions or unconsciousness; a convulsion; a paroxysm; hence, a period of exacerbation of a disease; in general, an attack of disease; <as>as, a <ex>fit</ex> of sickness</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And when the <b>fit</b> was on him, I did mark
How he did shake.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A mood of any kind which masters or possesses one for a time; a temporary, absorbing affection; a paroxysm; <as>as, a <ex>fit</ex> melancholy, of passion, or of laughter</as>.</def>

<blockquote>All <b>fits</b> of pleasure we balanced by an equal degree of pain.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The English, however, were on this subject prone to <b>fits</b> of jealously.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A passing humor; a caprice; a sudden and unusual effort, activity, or motion, followed by relaxation or insction; an impulse and irregular action.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>fits</b> of the season.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A darting point; a sudden emission.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A tongue of light, a <b>fit</b> of flame.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>By fits</col>, <col>By fits and starts</col></mcol>, <cd>by intervals of action and re<?/pose; impulsively and irregularly; intermittently.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fitch</h1>
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<hw>Fitch</hw> <tt>(?; 224)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fitches</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Vetch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A vetch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A word found in the Authorized Version of the Bible, representing different Hebrew originals. In Isaiah xxviii. 25, 27, it means the black aromatic seeds of <spn>Nigella sativa</spn>, still used as a flavoring in the East. In Ezekiel iv. 9, the Revised Version now reads <i>spelt</i>.</def>

<h1>Fitch</h1>
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<hw>Fitch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. of fitched.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European polecat; also, its fur.</def>

<h1>Fitch\'82</h1>
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<hw>Fitch"\'82</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fich\'82</ets>, lit. p.p. of <ets>ficher</ets> to fasten, OF. <ets>fichier</ets> to pierce. Cf. 1st <er>Fish</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Sharpened to a point; pointed.</def>

<cs><col>Cross fitch\'82</col>, <cd>a cross having the lower arm pointed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fitched</h1>
<Xpage=564>

<hw>Fitched</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(her.)</fld> <def>Fitch\'82.</def> <altsp>[Also <asp>fiched</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Fitchet, Fitchew</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fitch"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fitch"ew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>fisseau</ets>, <ets>fissel</ets>, OD. <ets>fisse</ets>, <ets>visse</ets>, <ets>vitsche</ets>, D. <ets>vies</ets> nasty, loathsome, E. <ets>fizz</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European polecat (<spn>Putorius f\'d2tidus</spn>). See <er>Polecat</er>.</def>

<h1>Fitchy</h1>
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<hw>Fitch"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having fitches or vetches.</def>

<h1>Fitchy</h1>
<Xpage=564>

<hw>Fitch"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fitch\'82</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Fitch\'82.</def>

<h1>Fitful</h1>
<Xpage=564>

<hw>Fit"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 7th <er>Fit</er>.]</ety> <def>Full of fits; irregularly variable; impulsive and unstable.</def>

<blockquote>After life's <b>fitful</b> fever, he sleeps well.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fit"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fit"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>The victorius trumpet peal
Dies <b>fitfully away</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fithel, Fithul</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fith"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fith"ul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. See <er>Fiddle</er>.]</ety> <def>A fiddle</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fitly</h1>
<Xpage=564>

<hw>Fit"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fit manner; suitably; properly; conveniently; <as>as, a maxim <ex>fitly</ex> applied</as>.</def>

<h1>Fitment</h1>
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<hw>Fit"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of fitting; that which is proper or becoming; equipment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fitness</h1>
<Xpage=564>

<hw>Fit"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being fit; <as>as, the <ex>fitness</ex> of measures or laws; a person's <ex>fitness</ex> for office.</as></def>

<h1>Fitt</h1>
<Xpage=564>

<hw>Fitt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 2d <er>Fit</er>.</def>

<h1>Fittable</h1>
<Xpage=564>

<hw>Fit"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suitable; fit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Fittedness</h1>
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<hw>Fit"ted*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being fitted; adaptation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Fitter</h1>
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<hw>Fit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who fits or makes to fit; esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> One who tries on, and adjusts, articles of dress. <sd>(b)</sd> One who fits or adjusts the different parts of machinery to each other.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A coal broker who conducts the sales between the owner of a coal pit and the shipper.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Fitter</h1>
<Xpage=564>

<hw>Fit"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little piece; a flitter; a flinder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Where's the Frenchman? Alas, he's all <b>fitters</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fitting</h1>
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<hw>Fit"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything used in fitting up</def>; especially <def2>(<pluf>pl.</pluf>), <def>necessary fixtures or apparatus; <as>as, the <ex>fittings</ex> of a church or study; gas <ex>fittings</ex>.</as></def><def2>

<h1>Fitting</h1>
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<hw>Fit"ting</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fit; appropriate; suitable; proper.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fit"ting*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fit"ting*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Fitweed</h1>
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<hw>Fit"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Eryngium f\'d2tidum</spn>) supposed to be a remedy for fits.</def>

<h1>Fitz</h1>
<Xpage=564>

<hw>Fitz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>fils</ets>, <ets>filz</ets>, <ets>fiz</ets>, son, F. <ets>fils</ets>, L. <ets>filius</ets>. See <er>Filial</er>.]</ety> <def>A son; -- used in compound names, to indicate paternity, esp. of the illegitimate sons of kings and princes of the blood; <as>as, <ex>Fitz</ex>roy, the son of the king; <ex>Fitz</ex>clarence, the son of the duke of Clarence.</as></def>

<h1>Five</h1>
<Xpage=564>

<hw>Five</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fif</ets>, <ets>five</ets>, AS. <ets>f\'c6f</ets>, <ets>f\'c6fe</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vijf</ets>, OS. <ets>f\'c6f</ets>, OHG. <ets>finf</ets>, <ets>funf</ets>, G. <ets>f\'81nf</ets>, Icel. <ets>fimm</ets>, Sw. & Sw. Dan. <ets>fem</ets>, Goth. <ets>fimf</ets>, Lith. <ets>penki</ets>, <ets>W</ets>. <ets>pump</ets>, OIr. <ets>c\'a2ic</ets>, L. <ets>quinque</ets>, Gr. <?/, \'92ol. <?/, Skr. <ets>pa<?/can</ets>. <?/ 303. Cf. <er>Fifth</er>, <er>Cinque</er>, <er>Pentagon</er>, <er>Punch</er> the drink, <er>Quinary</er>.]</ety> <def>Four and one added; one more than four.</def>

<hr>
<page="565">
Page 565<p>

<cs><col>Five nations</col> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>, <cd>a confederacy of the Huron-Iroquois Indians, consisting of five tribes: Mohawks, Onondagas, Cayugas, Oneidas, and Senecas. They inhabited the region which is now the State of new York.</cd></cs>

<h1>Five</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Five</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The number next greater than four, and less than six; five units or objects.</def>

<blockquote><b>Five</b> of them were wise, and <b>five</b> were foolish.
<i>Matt. xxv. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A symbol representing this number, as 5, or V.</def>

<h1>Five-finger</h1>
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<hw>Five"-fin`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cinquefoil</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A starfish with five rays, esp. <spn>Asterias rubens</spn>.</def>

<h1>Fivefold</h1>
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<hw>Five"fold`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>In fives; consisting of five in one; five repeated; quintuple.</def>

<h1>Five-leaf</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Five"-leaf`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cinquefoil; five-finger.</def>

<h1>Five-leafed, Five-leaved</h1>
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<hw><hw>Five"-leafed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Five"-leaved`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having five leaflets, as the Virginia creeper.</def>

<h1>Fiveling</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Five"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A compound or twin crystal consisting of five individuals.</def>

<h1>Fives</h1>
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<hw>Fives</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>A kind of play with a ball against a wall, resembling tennis; -- so named because three <i>fives</i>, or <i>fifteen</i>, are counted to the game.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<cs><col>Fives court</col>, <cd>a place for playing fives.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fives</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fives</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Vives</er>.]</ety> <def>A disease of the glands under the ear in horses; the vives.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Five-twenties</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Five`-twen"ties</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Five-twenty bonds of the United States (bearing six per cent interest), issued in 1862, '64, and '65, redeemable after <i>five</i> and payable in <i>twenty</i> years.</def>

<h1>Fix</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE., fr. L. <ets>fixus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>figere</ets> to fix; cf. F. <ets>fixe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fixed; solidified.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fix</h1>
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<hw>Fix</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fixed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fixing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fixer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make firm, stable, or fast; to set or place permanently; to fasten immovably; to establish; to implant; to secure; to make efinite.</def>

<blockquote>An ass's nole I <b>fixed</b> on his head.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O, <b>fix</b> thy chair of grace, that all my powers
May also <b>fix</b> their reverence.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His heart is <b>fixed</b>, trusting in the Lord.
<i>Ps. cxii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And <b>fix</b> far deeper in his head their stings.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hold steadily; to direct unwaveringly; to fasten, as the eye on an object, the attention on a speaker.</def>

<blockquote>Sat <b>fixed</b> in thought the mighty Stagirite.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>One eye on death, and one full <b>fix'd</b> on heaven.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To transfix; to pierce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>To render (an impression) permanent by treating with such applications a will make it insensible to the action of light.</def>

<i>Abney.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To put in prder; to arrange; to dispose of; to adjust; to set to rights; to set or place in the manner desired or most suitable; hence, to repair; <as>as, to <ex>fix</ex> the clothes; to <ex>fix</ex> the furniture of a room.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Iron Manuf.)</fld> <def>To line the hearth of (a puddling furnace) with fettling.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To arrange; prepare; adjust; place; establis; settle; determine.</syn>

<h1>Fix</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fix</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become fixed; to settle or remain permanently; to cease from wandering; to rest.</def>

<blockquote>Your kindness banishes your fear,
Resolved to <b>fix</b> forever here.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To become firm, so as to resist volatilization; to cease to flow or be fluid; to congeal; to become hard and malleable, as a metallic substance.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<cs><col>To fix on</col>, <cd>to settle the opinion or resolution about; to determine regarding; as, the contracting parties have <i>fixed on<i> certain leading points.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fix</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fix</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A position of difficulty or embarassment; predicament; dillema.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Is he not living, then? No. is he dead, then? No, nor dead either. Poor Aroar can not live, and can not die, -- so that he is in an almighty <b>fix</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Iron Manuf.)</fld> <def>fettling.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Fixable</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fix"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being fixed.</def>

<h1>Fixation</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fix*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fixation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of fixing, or the state of being fixed.</def>

<blockquote>An unalterable <b>fixation</b> of resolution.
<i>Killingbeck.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To light, created in the first day, God gave no proper place or <b>fixation</b>.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Marked stiffness or absolute <b>fixation</b> of a joint.
<i>Quain.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>fixation</b> and confinement of thought to a few objects.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of uniting chemically with a solid substance or in a solid form; reduction to a non-volatile condition; -- said of gaseous elements.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act or process of ceasing to be fluid and becoming firm.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A state of resistance to evaporation or volatilization by heat; -- said of metals.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Fixative</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fix"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which serves to set or fix colors or drawings, as a mordant.</def>

<h1>Fixed</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fixed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Securely placed or fastened; settled; established; firm; imovable; unalterable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Stable; non-volatile.</def>

<cs><col>Fixed air</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>carbonic acid or carbon dioxide; -- so called by Dr. Black because it can be absorbed or <i>fixed<i> by strong bases. See <cref>Carbonic acid</cref>, under <er>Carbonic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fixed alkali</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a non-volatile base, as soda, or potash, in distinction from the volatile alkali ammonia.</cd> -- <col>Fixed ammunition</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a projectile and powder inclosed together in a case ready for loading.</cd> -- <col>Fixed battery</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a battery which contains heavy guns and mortars intended to remain stationary; -- distinguished from <i>movable<i> battery.</cd> -- <col>Fixed bodies</col>, <cd>those which can not be volatilized or separated by a common menstruum, without great difficulty, as gold, platinum, lime, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fixed capital</col>. <cd>See the Note under <er>Capital</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Fixed fact</col>, <cd>a well established fact.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Fixed light</col>, <cd>one which emits constant beams; -- distinguished from a flashing, revolving, or intermittent light.</cd> -- <col>Fixed oils</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>non-volatile, oily substances, as stearine and olein, which leave a permanent greasy stain, and which can not be distilled unchanged; -- distinguished from <i>volatile<i> or <i>essential oils<i>.</cd> -- <col>Fixed pivot</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the fixed point about which any line of troops wheels.</cd> -- <col>Fixed stars</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>such stars as always retain nearly the same apparent position and distance with respect to each other, thus distinguished from planets and comets.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fixedly</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fix"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fixed, stable, or constant manner.</def>

<h1>Fixedness</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fix"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being fixed; stability; steadfastness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of a body which resists evaporation or volatilization by heat; solidity; cohesion of parts; <as>as, the <ex>fixedness</ex> of gold</as>.</def>

<h1>Fixidity</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fix*id"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fixedness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Fixing</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fix"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of making fixed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is fixed; a fixture.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Arrangements; embellishments; trimmings; accompaniments.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Fixity</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fix"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fixit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fixedness; <as>as, <ex>fixity</ex> of tenure</as>; also, that which is fixed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Coherence of parts.</def>

<i>Sir I. Newton.</i>

<h1>Fixture</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fix"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Fixture</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is fixed or attached to something as a permanent appendage; <as>as, the <ex>fixtures</ex> of a pump; the <ex>fixtures</ex> of a farm or of a dwelling, that is, the articles which a tenant may not take away.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>State of being fixed; fixedness.</def>

<blockquote>The firm <b>fixture</b> of thy foot.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Anything of an accessory character annexed to houses and lands, so as to constitute a part of them. This term is, however, quite frequently used in the peculiar sense of personal chattels annexed to lands and tenements, but removable by the person annexing them, or his personal representatives. In this latter sense, the same things may be <i>fixtures</i> under some circumstances, and not <i>fixtures</i> under others.</def>

<i>Wharton (Law Dict. ). Bouvier.</i>

<note>&hand; This word is frequently substituted for <i>fixure</i> (formerly the word in common use) in new editions of old works.</note>

<h1>Fixure</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fix"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fixura</ets> a fastening, fr. <ets>figere</ets> to fix. See <er>Fix</er>, and cf. <er>Fixture</er>.]</ety> <def>Fixed position; stable condition; firmness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fixgig</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fix"gig`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fishing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Fizgig</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fiz"gig`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fizz</ets> + <ets>gig</ets> whirling thing.]</ety> <def>A firework, made of damp powder, which makes a fizzing or hissing noise when it explodes.</def>

<h1>Fizgig</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fiz"gig`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gig</er> a flirt.]</ety> <def>A gadding, flirting girl.</def>

<i>Gosson.</i>

<h1>Fizz</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fizz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fizzed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fizzing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>f\'c6sa</ets> to break wind, Dan. <ets>fise</ets> to foist, fizzle, OSw. <ets>fisa</ets>, G. <ets>fisten</ets>, <ets>feisten</ets>. Cf. <er>Foist</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a hissing sound, as a burning fuse.</def>

<h1>Fizz</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fizz</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hising sound; <as>as, the <ex>fizz</ex> of a fly</as>.</def>

<h1>Fizzle</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fiz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fizzled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fizzling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Fizz</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a hissing sound.</def>

<blockquote>It is the eas<?/est thinng, sir, to be done,
As plain as <b>fizzling</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a ridiculous failure in an undertaking.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or Low]</mark>

<cs><col>To fizzle out</col>, <cd>to burn with a hissing noise and then go out, like wet gunpowder; hence, to fail completely and ridicuously; to prove a failure. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Fizzle</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fiz"zle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A failure or abortive effort.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Fjord</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Fjord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Fiord</er>.</def>

<h1>Flabbergast</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Flab"ber*gast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Flap</er>, and <er>Aghast</er>.]</ety> <def>To astonish; to strike with wonder, esp. by extraordinary statements.</def> <mark>[Jocular]</mark>

<i>Beaconsfield.</i>

<h1>Flabbergastation</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Flab`ber*gas*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being flabbergasted.</def> <mark>[Jocular]</mark>

<i>London Punch.</i>

<h1>Flabbily</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Flab"bi*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a flabby manner.</def>

<h1>Flabbiness</h1>
<Xpage=565>

<hw>Flab"bi*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality or state of being flabby.</def>

<h1>Flabby</h1>
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<hw>Flab"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Flap</er>.]</ety> <def>Yielding to the touch, and easily moved or shaken; hanging loose by its own weight; wanting firmness; flaccid; <as>as, <ex>flabby</ex> flesh</as>.</def>

<h1>Flabel</h1>
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<hw>Fla"bel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flabellum</ets> a fan, dim. of <ets>flabrum</ets> a breeze, fr. <ets>flare</ets> to blow.]</ety> <def>A fan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Huloet.</i>

<h1>Flabellate</h1>
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<hw>Fla*bel"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flabellatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>flabellare</ets> to fan, fr. <ets>flabellum</ets>. See <er>Flabbel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Flabelliform.</def>

<h1>Flabellation</h1>
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<hw>Flab`el*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of keeping fractured limbs cool by the use of a fan or some other contrivance.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Flabelliform</h1>
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<hw>Fla*bel"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flabellum</ets> a fan + <ets>-fform</ets>: cf. F. <ets>flabeliforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a fan; fan-shaped; flabellate.</def>

<h1>Flabellinerved</h1>
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<hw>Fla*bel"li*nerved`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flabellum</ets> a fan + E. <ets>nerve</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having many nerves diverging radiately from the base; -- said of a leaf.</def>

<h1>Flabellum</h1>
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<hw>Fla*bel"lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>See</ets> <er>Flabel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A fan; especially, the fan carried before the pope on state occasions, made in ostrich and peacock feathers.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Flabile</h1>
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<hw>Flab"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Liable to be blown about.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Flaccid</h1>
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<hw>Flac"cid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flaccidus</ets>, fr. <ets>flaccus</ets> flabby: cf. OF. <ets>flaccide</ets>.]</ety> <def>Yielding to pressure for want of firmness and stiffness; soft and weak; limber; lax; drooping; flabby; <as>as, a <ex>flaccid</ex> muscle; <ex>flaccid</ex> flesh.</as></def>

<blockquote>Religious profession . . . has become <b>flacced</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Flac"cid*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Flac"cid*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Flaccidity</h1>
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<hw>Flac*cid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>flaccidit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being flaccid.</def>

<h1>Flacker</h1>
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<hw>Flack"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>flakeren</ets>, fr. <ets>flacken</ets> to move quickly to and fro; cf. icel. <ets>flakka</ets> to rove about, AS. <ets>flacor</ets> fluttering, flying, G. <ets>flackern</ets> to flare, flicker.]</ety> <def>To flutter, as a bird.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Grose.</i>

<h1>Flacket</h1>
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<hw>Flack"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>flasquet</ets> little flask, dim. of <ets>flasque</ets> a flask.]</ety> <def>A barrel-shaped bottle; a flagon.</def>

<h1>Flag</h1>
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<hw>Flag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flagged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flagging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>flaka</ets> to droop, hang loosely. Cf. <er>Flacker</er>, <er>Flag</er> an ensign.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hang loose without stiffness; to bend down, as flexible bodies; to be loose, yielding, limp.</def>

<blockquote>As loose it [the sail] <b>flagged</b> around the mast.
<i>T. Moore.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To droop; to grow spiritless; to lose vigor; to languish; <as>as, the spirits <ex>flag</ex>; the streugth <ex>flags</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The pleasures of the town begin to <b>flag</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To droop; decline; fail; languish; pine.</syn>

<h1>Flag</h1>
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<hw>Flag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To let droop; to suffer to fall, or let fall, into feebleness; <as>as, to <ex>flag</ex> the wings</as>.</def>

<i>prior.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enervate; to exhaust the vigor or elasticity of.</def>

<blockquote>Nothing so <b>flags</b> the spirits.
<i>Echard.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flag</h1>
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<hw>Flag</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LG. & G. <ets>flagge</ets>, Sw. <ets>flagg</ets>, Dan. <ets>flag</ets>, D. <ets>vlag</ets>. See <er>Flag</er> to hang loose.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which flags or hangs down loosely.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cloth usually bearing a device or devices and used to indicate nationality, party, etc., or to give or ask information; -- commonly attached to a staff to be waved by the wind; a standard; a banner; an ensign; the colors; <as>as, the national <ex>flag</ex>; a military or a naval <ex>flag</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A group of feathers on the lower part of the legs of certain hawks, owls, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A group of elongated wing feathers in certain hawks.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The bushy tail of a dog, as of a setter.</def>

<cs><col>Black flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Black</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Flag captain</col>, <col>Flag leutenant</col></mcol>, <cd>etc., special officers attached to the flagship, as aids to the flag officer.</cd> -- <col>Flag officer</col>, <cd>the commander of a fleet or squadron; an admiral, or commodore.</cd> -- <col>Flag of truse</col>, <cd>a white flag carried or displayed to an enemy, as an invitation to conference, or for the purpose of making some communication not hostile.</cd> -- <col>Flag share</col>, <cd>the flag officer's share of prize money.</cd> -- <col>Flag station</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a station at which trains do not stop unless signaled to do so, by a flag hung out or waved.</cd> -- <col>National flag</col>, <cd>a flag of a particular country, on which some national emblem or device, is emblazoned.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>, <cd>a flag of a red color, displayed as a signal of danger or token of defiance; the emblem of anarchists.</cd> -- <col>To dip, the flag</col>, <cd>to mlower it and quickly restore it to its place; -- done as a mark of respect.</cd> -- <col>To hang out the white flag</col>, <cd>to ask truce or quarter, or, in some cases, to manifest a friendly design by exhibiting a white flag.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To hang the flag</col> <col>half-mast high &or; half-staff</col></mcol>, <cd>to raise it only half way to the mast <i>or<i> staff, as a token or sign of mourning.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To</col> <col>strike, &or; lower</col>, <col>the flag</col></mcol>, <cd>to haul it down, in token of respect, submission, or, in an engagement, of surrender.</cd> -- <col>Yellow flag</col>, <cd>the quarantine flag of all nations; also carried at a vessel's fore, to denote that an infectious disease is on board.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flag</h1>
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<hw>Flag</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Flag</er> an ensign.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To signal to with a flag; <as>as, to <ex>flag</ex> a train</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To convey, as a message, by means of flag signals; <as>as, to <ex>flag</ex> an order to troops or vessels at a distance</as>.</def>

<h1>Flag</h1>
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<hw>Flag</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Flag</er> to hang loose, to bend down.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An aquatic plant, with long, ensiform leaves, belonging to either of the genera <spn>Iris</spn> and <spn>Acorus</spn>.</def>

<cs><col>Cooper's flag</col>, <cd>the cat-tail (<spn>Typha latifolia</spn>), the long leaves of which are placed between the staves of barrels to make the latter water-tight.</cd> -- <col>Corn flag</col>. <cd>See under 2d <er>Corn</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flag broom</col>, <cd>a coarse of broom, originally made of flags or rushes.</cd> -- <col>Flag root</col>, <cd>the root of the sweet flag.</cd> -- <col>Sweet flag</col>. <cd>See <er>Calamus</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flag</h1>
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<hw>Flag</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish or deck out with flags.</def>

<h1>Flag</h1>
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<hw>Flag</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>flaga</ets>, cf. Icel. <ets>flag</ets> spot where a turf has been cut out, and E. <ets>flake</ets> layer, scale. Cf. <er>Floe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A flat stone used for paving.</def>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Any hard, evenly stratified sandstone, which splits into layers suitable for flagstones.</def>

<h1>Flag</h1>
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<hw>Flag</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lay with flags of flat stones.</def>

<blockquote>The sides and floor are all <b>flagged</b> with . . . marble.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flagellant</h1>
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<hw>Flag"el*lant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flagellans</ets>, p.p. of <ets>flagellare</ets>: cf.F. <ets>flagellant</ets>. See <er>Flagellate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a fanatical sect which flourished in Europe in the 13th and 14th centuries, and maintained that flagellation was of equal virtue with baptism and the sacrament; -- called also <altname>disciplinant</altname>.</def>

<h1>Flagellata</h1>
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<hw>Flag`el*la"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr.L. <ets>flagellatus</ets>, <ets>p. p</ets>. <ets>See</ets> <er>Flagellate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Infusoria, having one or two long, whiplike cilia, at the anterior end. It includes monads. See <er>Infusoria</er>, and <er>Monad</er>.</def>

<h1>Flagellate</h1>
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<hw>Flag"el*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flagellated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flagellating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>flagellatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>flagellare</ets> to scoure, fr. <ets>flagellum</ets> whip, dim. of <ets>flagrum</ets> whip, scoure; cf. <ets>fligere</ets> to strike. Cf. <er>Flall</er>.]</ety> <def>To whip; to scourge; to flog.</def>

<h1>Flagellate</h1>
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<hw>Fla*gel"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Flagelliform.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Flagellata.</def>

<h1>Flagellation</h1>
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<hw>Flag`el*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flagellatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>flagellation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A beating or flogging; a whipping; a scourging.</def>

<i>Garth.</i>

<h1>Flagellator</h1>
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<hw>Flag"el*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices flagellation; one who whips or scourges.</def>

<h1>Flagelliform</h1>
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<hw>Fla*gel"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flagellum</ets> a whip + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like a whiplash; long, slender, round, flexible, and (comming) tapering.</def>

<h1>Flagellum</h1>
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<hw>Fla*gel"lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Flagellums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Flagella</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a whip. See <er>Flagellate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A young, flexible shoot of a plant; esp., the long trailing branch of a vine, or a slender branch in certain mosses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A long, whiplike cilium. See <er>Flagellata</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An appendage of the reproductive apparatus of the snail.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A lashlike appendage of a crustacean, esp. the terminal ortion of the antenn\'91 and the epipodite of the maxilipeds. See <er>Maxilliped</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="566">
Page 566<p>

<h1>Flageolet</h1>
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<hw>Flag"eo*let`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>flageolet</ets>, dim. of OF. <ets>flaj<?/l</ets> (as if fr. a LL. <ets>flautio</ets>;<ets>us</ets>), of <ets>fla\'81te</ets>, <ets>flahute</ets>, F. <ets>fl<?/te</ets>. See <er>Flute</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A small wooden pipe, having six or more holes, and a mouthpiece inserted at one end. It produces a shrill sound, softer than of the piccolo flute, and is said to have superseded the old recorder.</def>

<cs><col>Flageolet tones</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the naturel harmonics or overtones of stringed instruments.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flagginess</h1>
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<hw>Flag"gi*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being flaggy; laxity; limberness.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Flagging</h1>
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<hw>Flag"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pavement or sidewalk of flagstones; flagstones, collectively.</def>

<h1>Flagging</h1>
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<hw>Flag"ging</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Growing languid, weak, or spiritless; weakening; delaying.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Flag"ging*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Flaggy</h1>
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<hw>Flag"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Weak; flexible; limber.</def> "<i>Flaggy</i> wings."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tasteless; insipid; <as>as, a <ex>flaggy</ex> apple</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Flaggy</h1>
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<hw>Flag"gy</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 5th <er>Flag</er>.]</ety> <def>Abounding with the plant called <i>flag</i>; <as>as, a <ex>flaggy</ex> marsh</as>.</def>

<h1>Flagitate</h1>
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<hw>Flag"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flagitatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>flagitare</ets> to demand. See <er>Flagitious</er>.]</ety> <def>To importune; to demand fiercely or with passion.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Carcyle.</i>

<h1>Flagitation</h1>
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<hw>Flag`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flagitatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Importunity; urgent demand.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Flagitious</h1>
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<hw>Fla*gi"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flagitiosus</ets>, fr. <ets>flagitium</ets> a shameful or disgraceful act, orig., a burning desire, heat of passion, from <ets>flagitare</ets> to demand hotly, fiercely; cf. <ets>flagrare</ets> to burn, E. <ets>flagrant</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Disgracefully or shamefully criminal; grossly wicked; scandalous; shameful; -- said of acts, crimes, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Debauched principles and <b>flagitious</b> practices.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Guilty of enormous crimes; corrupt; profligate; -- said of persons.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Characterized by scandalous crimes or vices; <as>as, <ex>flagitious</ex> times</as>.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Atrocious; villainous; flagrant; heinous; corrupt; profligate; abandoned. See <er>Atracious</er>. -- <wordforms><wf>Fla*gi"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fla*gi"tious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></syn></wordforms>

<blockquote>A sentence so <b>flagitiously</b> unjust.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flagman</h1>
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<hw>Flag"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Flagmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who makes signals with a flag.</def>

<h1>Flagon</h1>
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<hw>Flag"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>flacon</ets>, for <ets>flascon</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>flasche</ets>, from LL. <ets>flasco</ets>. See <er>Flask</er>.]</ety> <def>A vessel with a narrow mouth, used for holding and conveying liquors. It is generally larger than a bottle, and of leather or stoneware rather than of glass.</def>

<blockquote>A trencher of mutton chops, and a <b>flagon</b> of ale.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flagrance</h1>
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<hw>Fla"grance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Flagrancy.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Flagrancy</h1>
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<hw>Fla"gran*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Flagrancies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>flagrantia</ets> a burning. See <er>Flagrant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A burning; great heat; inflammation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lust causeth a <b>flagrancy</b> in the eyes.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The condition or quality of being flagrant; atrocity; heiniousness; enormity; excess.</def>

<i>Steele.</i>

<h1>Flagrant</h1>
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<hw>Fla"grant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flagrans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>flagrate</ets> to burn, akin to Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>flagrant</ets>. Cf. <er>Flame</er>, <er>Phlox</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Flaming; inflamed; glowing; burning; ardent.</def>

<blockquote>The beadle's lash still <b>flagrant</b> on their back.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A young man yet <b>flagrant</b> from the lash of the executioner or the beadle.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Flagrant</b> desires and affections.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Actually in preparation, execution, or performance; carried on hotly; raging.</def>

<blockquote>A war the most powerful of the native tribes was <b>flagrant</b>.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Flaming into notice; notorious; enormous; heinous; glaringly wicked.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Atrocious; flagitious; glaring. See <er>Atrocious</er>.</syn>

<h1>Flagrantly</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Fla"grant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a flagrant manner.</def>

<h1>Flagrate</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Fla"grate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flagrare</ets>, <ets>flagratum</ets>, v.i. & t., to burn.]</ety> <def>To burn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Greenhill.</i>

<h1>Flagration</h1>
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<hw>Fla*gra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A conflagration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Flagship</h1>
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<hw>Flag"ship`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The vessel which carries the commanding officer of a fleet or squadron and flies his distinctive flag or pennant.</def>

<h1>Flagstaff</h1>
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<hw>Flag"staff`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-staves</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt> or <plw>-staffs</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A staff on which a flag is hoisted.</def>

<h1>Flagstone</h1>
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<hw>Flag"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flat stone used in paving, or any rock which will split into such stones. See <er>Flag</er>, a stone.</def>

<h1>Flagworm</h1>
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<hw>Flag"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A worm or grub found among flags and sedge.</def>

<h1>Flail</h1>
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<hw>Flail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flagellum</ets> whip, scourge, in LL., a threshing flail: cf. OF. <ets>flael</ets>, <ets>flaiel</ets>, F. <ets>fl\'82au</ets>. See <er>Flagellum</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument for threshing or beating grain from the ear by hand, consisting of a wooden staff or handle, at the end of which a stouter and shorter pole or club, called a swipe, is so hung as to swing freely.</def>

<blockquote>His shadowy <b>flail</b> hath threshed the corn.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ancient military weapon, like the common flail, often having the striking part armed with rows of spikes, or loaded.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<blockquote>No citizen thought himself safe unless he carried under his coat a small <b>flail</b>, loaded with lead, to brain the Popish assassins.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flaily</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flail"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Acting like a flail.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Vicars.</i>

<h1>Flain</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Flay</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Flake</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>flaki</ets>, <ets>fleki</ets>, Dan. <ets>flage</ets>, D. <ets>vlaak</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A paling; a hurdle.</def> <mark>[prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A platform of hurdles, or small sticks made fast or interwoven, supported by stanchions, for drying codfish and other things.</def>

<blockquote>You shall also, after they be ripe, neither suffer them to have straw nor fern under them, but lay them either upon some smooth table, boards, or <b>flakes</b> of wands, and they will last the longer.
<i>English Husbandman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small stage hung over a vessel's side, for workmen to stand on in calking, etc.</def>

<h1>Flake</h1>
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<hw>Flake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>flakna</ets> to flake off, split, <ets>flagna</ets> to flake off, Sw. <ets>flaga</ets> flaw, flake, <ets>flake</ets> plate, Dan. <ets>flage</ets> snowflake. Cf. <er>Flag</er> a flat stone.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A loose filmy mass or a thin chiplike layer of anything; a film; flock; lamina; layer; scale; <as>as, a <ex>flake</ex> of snow, tallow, or fish</as>.</def> "Lottle <i>flakes</i> of scurf."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>Great <b>flakes</b> of ice encompassing our boat.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A little particle of lighted or incandescent matter, darted from a fire; a flash.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>flakes</b> of ruddy fire.
<i>Somerville.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A sort of carnation with only two colors in the flower, the petals having large stripes.</def>
<-- 4. a flaky{2} person -->

<cs><col>Flake knife</col> <fld>(Arch\'91ol.)</fld>, <cd>a cutting instrument used by savage tribes, made of a flake or chip of hard stone.</cd> <i>Tylor.</i> -- <col>Flake stand</col>, <cd>the cooling tub or vessel of a still worm.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>Flake white</col>. <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The purest white lead, in the form of flakes or scales.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The trisnitrate of bismuth.</cd>  <i>Ure.</i></cs>

<h1>Flake</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flake</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flaked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flaking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To form into flakes.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Flake</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flake</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To separate in flakes; to peel or scale off.</def>

<h1>Flakiness</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flak"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being flaky.</def>

<h1>Flaky</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flak"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of flakes or of small, loose masses; lying, or cleaving off, in flakes or layers; flakelike.</def>
<--2. (of persons) = prone to strange behavior; (of actions) odd or unconventional = offbeat, whacky -->

<blockquote>What showers of mortal hail, what <b>flaky</b> fires!
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>flaky</b> weight of winter's purest snows.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flam</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <er>fle\'a0m</er>, <er>fl<?/m</er>, floght. &root; 84 . Cf. <er>Flimflam</er>.]</ety> <def>A freak or whim; also, a falsehood; a lie; an illusory pretext; deception; delusion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A perpetual abuse and <b>flam</b> upon posterity.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flam</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flam</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flammed</er> ; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flamming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deceive with a falsehood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>God is not to be <b>flammed</b> off with lies.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flambeau</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flam"beau</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Flambeaux</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> or <plw>Flambeaus</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F., fr. OF. <ets>flambe</ets> flame, for <ets>flamble</ets>, from L. <ets>flammula</ets> a little flame, dim. of <ets>flamma</ets> flame. See <er>Flame</er>.]</ety> <def>A flaming torch, esp. one made by combining together a number of thick wicks invested with a quick-burning substance (anciently, perhaps, wax; in modern times, pitch or the like); hence, any torch.</def>

<h1>Flamboyant</h1>
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<hw>Flam*boy"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Characterized by waving or flamelike curves, as in the tracery of windows, etc.; -- said of the later (15th century) French Gothic style.</def>

<h1>Flamboyer</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flam*boy"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>flamboyer</ets> to be bright.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given in the East and West Indies to certain trees with brilliant blossoms, probably species of <spn>C\'91salpinia</spn>.</def>

<h1>Flame</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flame</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>flame</ets>, <ets>flaume</ets>, <ets>flaumbe</ets>, OF. <ets>flame</ets>, <ets>flambe</ets>, F. <ets>flamme</ets>, fr. L. <ets>flamma</ets>, fr. <ets>flamma</ets>, fr. <ets>flagrare</ets> to burn. See <er>Flagrant</er>, and cf. <er>Flamneau</er>, <er>Flamingo</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A stream of burning vapor or gas, emitting light and heat; darting or streaming fire; a blaze; a fire.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Burning zeal or passion; elevated and noble enthusiasm; glowing imagination; passionate excitement or anger.</def> "In a <i>flame</i> of zeal severe."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Where <b>flames</b> refin'd in breasts seraphic glow.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Smit with the love of sister arts we came,
And met congenial, mingling <b>flame</b> with <b>flame</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Ardor of affection; the passion of love.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A person beloved; a sweetheart.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Blaze; brightness; ardor. See <er>Blaze</er>.</syn>

<cs><col>Flame bridge</col>, <cd>a bridge wall. See <er>Bridge</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</cd> -- <col>Flame color</col>, <cd>brilliant orange or yellow.</cd> <i>B. Jonson.</i> -- <col>Flame engine</col>, <cd>an early name for the gas engine.</cd> -- <col>Flame manometer</col>, <cd>an instrument, invented by Koenig, to obtain graphic representation of the action of the human vocal organs. See <er>Manometer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flame reaction</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a method of testing for the presence of certain elements by the characteristic color imparted to a flame; as, sodium colors a flame yellow, potassium violet, lithium crimson, boracic acid green, etc. Cf. <i>Spectrum analysis<i>, under <er>Spectrum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flame tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree with showy scarlet flowers, as the <spn>Rhododendron arboreum</spn> in India, and the <spn>Brachychiton acerifolium</spn> of Australia.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flame</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flame</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flamed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flaming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>flamen</ets>, <ets>flaumben</ets>, F. <ets>flamber</ets>, OF. also, <ets>flamer</ets>. See <er>Flame</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To burn with a flame or blaze; to burn as gas emitted from bodies in combustion; to blaze.</def>

<blockquote>The main blaze of it is past, but a small thing would make it <b>flame</b> again.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To burst forth like flame; to break out in violence of passion; to be kindled with zeal or ardor.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>flamed</b> with indignation.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flame</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flame</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To kindle; to inflame; to excite.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>flamed</b> with zeal of vengeance inwardly.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flame-colored</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flame"-col`ored</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the color of flame; of a bright orange yellow color.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Flameless</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flame"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of flame.</def>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Flamelet</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flame"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Flame</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small flame.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>flamelets</b> gleamed and flickered.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flamen</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Fla"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Flammens</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Flamines</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A priest devoted to the service of a particular god, from whom he received a distinguishing epithet. The most honored were those of Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus, called respectively <i>Flamen Dialis</i>, <i>Flamen Martialis</i>, and <i>Flamen Quirinalis</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Affrights the flamens at their service quaint.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flamineous</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Fla*min"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a flamen; flaminical.</def>

<h1>Flaming</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flam"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Emitting flames; afire; blazing; consuming; illuminating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of the color of flame; high-colored; brilliant; dazzling.</def> "In <i>flaming</i> yellow bright."

<i>Prior.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Ardent; passionate; burning with zeal; irrepressibly earnest; <as>as, a <ex>flaming</ex> proclomation or harangue</as>.</def>

<h1>Flamingly</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flam"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a flaming manner.</def>

<h1>Flamingo</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Fla*min"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Flamingoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp. <ets>flamenco</ets>, cf. Pg. <ets>flamingo</ets>, Prov. <ets>flammant</ets>, F. <ets>flamant</ets>; prop. a p.pr. meaning <ets>flaming</ets>. So called in allusion to its color. See <er>Flame</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the genus <spn>Ph\'d2nicopterus</spn>. The flamingoes have webbed feet, very long legs, and a beak bent down as if broken. Their color is usually red or pink. The American flamingo is <spn>P. ruber</spn>; the European is <spn>P. antiquorum</spn>.</def>

<h1>Flaminical</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Fla*min"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a flamen.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Flammability</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flam`ma*bil"ity</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being flammable; inflammability.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Flammable</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flam"ma*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inflammable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Flammation</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flam*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of setting in a flame or blaze.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir. T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Flammeous</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flam"me*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flammeus</ets> from <ets>flamma</ets> flame.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling, flame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Flammiferous</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flam*mif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flammifer</ets>; <ets>flamma</ets> flame + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Producing flame.</def>

<h1>Flammivomous</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flam*miv"o*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flammivomus</ets>; <ets>flamma</ets> flame + <ets>vomere</ets> to vomit.]</ety> <def>Vomiting flames, as a volcano.</def>

<i>W. Thompson. (1745).</i>

<h1>Flammulated</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flam"mu*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flammula</ets> little flame, dim. fr. <ets>flamma</ets> flame.]</ety> <def>Of a reddish color.</def>

<h1>Flamy</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flam"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Flame</er>.]</ety> <def>Flaming; blazing; flamelike; flame-colored; composed of flame.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Flanch</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flanch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Flanches</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Prov. E., a projection, OF. <ets>flanche</ets> flank. See <er>Flank</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A flange.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>. <def2><fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing consisting of a segment of a circle encroaching on the field from the side.</def></def2>

<note>&hand; <i>Flanches</i> are always in pairs. A pair of <i>flanches</i> is considered one of the subordinaries.</note>

<h1>Flanched</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flanched</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having flanches; -- said of an escutcheon with those bearings.</def>

<h1>Flanconade</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flan`co*nade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Fencing)</fld> <def>A thrust in the side.</def>

<h1>Flaneur</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Fla`neur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>fl\'83ner</ets> to stroll.]</ety> <def>One who strolls about aimlessly; a lounger; a loafer.</def>

<h1>Flang</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A miner's two-pointed pick.</def>

<h1>Flange</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flange</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>flange</ets> to project, <ets>flanch</ets> a projection. See <er>Flanch</er>, <er>Flank</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An external or internal rib, or rim, for strength, as the <i>flange</i> of an iron beam; or for a guide, as the <i>flange</i> of a car wheel (see <er>Car wheel</er>.); or for attachment to another object, as the <i>flange</i> on the end of a pipe, steam cylinder, etc.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A plate or ring to form a rim at the end of a pipe when fastened to the pipe.</def>

<cs><col>Blind flange</col>, <cd>a plate for covering or closing the end of a pipe.</cd> -- <col>Flange joint</col>, <cd>a joint, as that of pipes, where the connecting pieces have flanges by which the parts are bolted together.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<cs><col>- Flange rail</col>, <cd>a rail with a flange on one side, to keep wheels, etc. from running off.</cd> -- <col>Flange turning</col>, <cd>the process of forming a flange on a wrought iron plate by bending and hammering it wh<?/n hot.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flange</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flange</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flanged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flanging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>To make a flange on; to furnish with a flange.</def>

<h1>Flange</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flange</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be bent into a flange.</def>

<h1>Flanged</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flanged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a flange or flanges; <as>as, a <ex>flanged</ex> wheel</as>.</def>

<h1>Flank</h1>
<Xpage=566>

<hw>Flank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>flanc</ets>, prob. fr. L. <ets>flaccus</ets> flabby, with <ets>n</ets> inserted. Cf. <er>Flaccid</er>, <er>Flanch</er>, <er>Flange</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fleshy or muscular part of the side of an animal, between the rids and the hip. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Beef</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The side of an army, or of any division of an army, as of a brigade, regiment, or battalion; the extreme right or left; <as>as, to attack an enemy in <ex>flank</ex> is to attack him on the side</as>.</def>

<blockquote>When to right and left the front
<blockquote>Divided, and to either <b>flank</b> retired.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>That part of a bastion which reaches from the curtain to the face, and defends the curtain, the flank and face of the opposite bastion; any part of a work defending another by a fire along the outside of its parapet</def>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Bastion</er>.

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The side of any building.</def>

<i>Brands.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That part of the acting surface of a gear wheel tooth that lies within the pitch line.</def>

<cs><col>Flank attack</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>an attack upon the side of an army or body of troops, distinguished from one upon its front or rear.</cd> -- <col>Flank company</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a certain number of troops drawn up on the right or left of a battalion; usually grenadiers, light infantry, or riflemen.</cd> -- <col>Flank defense</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>protection of a work against undue exposure to an enemy's direct fire, by means of the fire from other works, sweeping the ground in its front.</cd> -- <col>Flank en potence</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>any part of the right or left wing formed at a projecting angle with the line.</cd> -- <col>Flank files</col>, <cd>the first men on the right, and the last on the left, of a company, battalion, etc.</cd> -- <col>Flank march</col>, <cd>a march made parallel or obliquely to an enemy's position, in order to turn it or to attack him on the flank.</cd> -- <col>Flank movement</col>, <cd>a change of march by an army, or portion of one, in order to turn one or both wings of the enemy, or to take up a new position.</cd> -- <col>Flanks of a frontier</col>, <cd>salient points in a national boundary, strengthened to protect the frontier against hostile incursion.</cd> -- <col>Flank patrol</col>, <cd>detachments acting independently of the column of an army, but patrolling along its flanks, to secure it against surprise and to observe the movements of the enemy.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="567">
Page 567<p>

<h1>Flank</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flanked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flanking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>flanquer</ets>. See <er>Flank</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Flanker</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stand at the flank or side of; to border upon.</def>

<blockquote>Stately colonnades are <b>flanked</b> with trees.
<i>Pitt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To overlook or command the flank of; to secure or guard the flank of; to pass around or turn the flank of; to attack, or threaten to attack; the flank of.</def>

<h1>Flank</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flank</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To border; to touch.</def>

<i>Bp. Butler.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be posted on the side.</def>

<h1>Flanker</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flank"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, flanks, as a skirmisher or a body of troops sent out upon the flanks of an army toguard a line of march, or a fort projecting so as to command the side of an assailing body.</def>

<blockquote>They threw out <b>flankers</b>, and endeavored to dislodge their assailants.
<i>W. Irwing.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flanker</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flank"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flankered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flankering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Flank</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To defend by lateral fortifications.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To attack sideways.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Flanel</h1>
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<hw>Fla"nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>flanelle</ets>, cf. OF. <ets>flaine</ets> a pillowcase, a mattress (?); fr. W. <ets>gwlanen</ets> flannel, fr. <ets>gwlan</ets> wool; prob. akin to E. <ets>wool</ets>. Cf. <er>Wool</er>.]</ety> <def>A soft, nappy, woolen cloth, of loose texture.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Adam's flannel</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Adam</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Canton flannel</col>, <col>Cotton flannel</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>Cotton flannel</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flanneled</h1>
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<hw>Flan"neled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered or wrapped in flannel.</def>

<h1>Flannen</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flan"nen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made or consisting of flannel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Flannen</i> robes."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Flap</h1>
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<hw>Flap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>flappe</ets>, <ets>flap</ets>, blow, bly-flap; cf. D. <ets>flap</ets>, and E. <ets>flap</ets>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>Anything broad and limber that hangs loose, or that is attached by one side or end and is easily moved; <as>as, the <ex>flap</ex> of a garment</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A cartilaginous <b>flap</b> upon the opening of the larynx.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hinged leaf, as of a table or shutter.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The motion of anything broad and loose, or a stroke or sound made with it; <as>as, the <ex>flap</ex> of a sail or of a wing</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A disease in the lips of horses.</def>

<cs><col>Flap tile</col>, <cd>a tile with a bent up portion, to turn a corner or catch a drip.</cd> -- <col>Flap valve</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a valve which opens and shuts upon one hinged side; a clack valve.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flap</h1>
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<hw>Flap</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flapped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flapping</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. of imitative origin; cf. D. <ets>flappen</ets>, E. <ets>flap</ets>, <tt>n.</tt>, flop, flippant, fillip.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat with a flap; to strike.</def>

<blockquote>Yet let me <b>flap</b> this bug with gilded wings.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move, as something broad and flaplike; <as>as, to <ex>flap</ex> the wings</as>; to let fall, as the brim of a hat.</def>

<cs><col>To flap in the mouth</col>, <cd>to taunt.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>

<i>W. Cartwright.</i>

<h1>Flap</h1>
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<hw>Flap</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move as do wings, or as something broad or loose; to fly with wings beating the air.</def>

<blockquote>The crows <b>flapped</b> over by twos and threes.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fall and hang like a flap, as the brim of a hat, or other broad thing.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Flapdragon</h1>
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<hw>Flap"drag`on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A game in which the players catch raisins out burning brandy, and swallow them blazing.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thing thus caught abd eaten.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<blockquote>Cakes and ale, and <b>flapdragtons</b> and mummer's plays, and all the happy sports of Christians night.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flapdragon</h1>
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<hw>Flap"drag`on</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To swallow whole, as a flapdragon; to devour.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>See how the sea <b>flapdragoned</b> it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flap-eared</h1>
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<hw>Flap"-eared`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having broad, loose, dependent ears.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Flapjack</h1>
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<hw>Flap"jack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fklat cake turned on the griddle while cooking; a griddlecake or pacake.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fried dough cake containing fruit; a turnover.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Flap-mouthed</h1>
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<hw>Flap"-mouthed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having broad, hangling lips.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Flapper</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flap"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, flaps.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Flipper</er>.</def> "The <i>flapper</i> of a porpoise."

<i>Buckley.</i>

<cs><col>Flapper skate</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European skate (<spn>Raia intermedia</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Flare</h1>
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<hw>Flare</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flared</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flaring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Norw. <ets>flara</ets> to blaze, flame, adorn with tinsel, dial. Sw. <ets>flasa upp</ets>, and E. <ets>flash</ets>, or <ets>flacker</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To burn with an unsteady or waving flame; <as>as, the candle <ex>flares</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To shine out with a sudden and unsteady light; to emit a dazzling or painfully bright light.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To shine out with gaudy colors; to flaunt; to be offensively bright or showy.</def>

<blockquote>With ribbons pendant, <b>flaring</b> about her head.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be exosed to too much light.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Flaring</b> in sunshine all the day.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To open or spread outwards; to project beyond the perpendicular; <as>as, the sides of a bowl <ex>flare</ex>; the bows of a ship <ex>flare</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>To flare up</col>, <cd>to become suddenly heated or excited; to burst into a passion. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Flare</h1>
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<hw>Flare</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An unsteady, broad, offensive light.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A spreading outward; <as>as, the <ex>flare</ex> of a fireplace</as>.</def>

<h1>Flare</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flare</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Leaf of lard.</def> "Pig's <i>flare</i>."

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Flare-up</h1>
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<hw>Flare"-up`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sudden burst of anger or passion; an angry dispute.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Flaring</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flar"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That flares; flaming or blazing unsteadily; shining out with a dazzling light.</def>

<blockquote>His [the sun's] <b>flaring</b> beams.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Opening or speading outwards.</def>

<h1>Flaringly</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flar"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a flaring manner.</def>

<h1>Flash</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flashed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>flaskien</ets>, <ets>vlaskien</ets> to pour, sprinkle, dial. Sw. <ets>flasa</ets> to blaze, E. <ets>flush</ets>, <ets>flare</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To burst or break forth with a sudden and transient flood of flame and light; <as>as, the lighting <ex>flashes</ex> vividly; the powder <ex>flashed</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To break forth, as a sudden flood of light; to burst instantly and brightly on the sight; to show a momentary brilliancy; to come or pass like a flash.</def>

<blockquote>Names which have <b>flashed</b> and thundered as the watch words of unumbered struggles.
<i>Talfourd.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The object is made to <b>flash</b> upon the eye of the mind.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A thought <b>floashed</b> through me, which I clothed in act.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To burst forth like a sudden flame; to break out violently; to rush hastily.</def>

<blockquote>Every hour
He <b>flashes</b> into one gross crime or other.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To flash in the pan</col>, <cd>to fail of success. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> See under <er>Flash</er>, a burst of light.</cd></cs>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Flash</er>, <er>Glitter</er>, <er>Gleam</er>, <er>Glisten</er>, <er>Glister</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Flash</i> differs from <i>glitter</i> and <i>gleam</i>, denoting a flood or wide extent of light. The latter words may express the issuing of light from a small object, or from a pencil of rays. <i>Flash</i> differs from other words, also, in denoting suddenness of appearance and disappearance. <i>Flashing</i> differs from <i>exploding</i> or <i>disploding</i> in not being accompanied with a loud report. To <i>glisten</i>, or <i>glister</i>, is to shine with a soft and fitful luster, as eyes suffused with tears, or flowers wet with dew.</usage>

<h1>Flash</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To send out in flashes; to cause to burst forth with sudden flame or light.</def>

<blockquote>The chariot of paternal Deity,
<b>Flashing</b> thick flames.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To convey as by a flash; to light up, as by a sudden flame or light; <as>as, to <ex>flash</ex> a message along the wires; to <ex>flash</ex> conviction on the mind.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Glass Making)</fld> <def>To cover with a thin layer, as objects of glass with glass of a different color. See <er>Flashing</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3 <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To trick up in a showy manner.</def>

<blockquote>Limning and <b>flashing</b> it with various dyes.
<i>A. Brewer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <ety>[Perh. due to confusion between <ets>flash</ets> of light and <ets>plash</ets>, <ets>splash</ets>.]</ety> <def>To strike and throw up large bodies of water from the surface; to splash.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He rudely <b>flashed</b> the waves about.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Flashed glass</col>. <cd>See <er>Flashing</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flash</h1>
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<hw>Flash</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Flashes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden burst of light; a flood of light instantaneously appearing and disappearing; a momentary blaze; <as>as, a <ex>flash</ex> of lightning</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sudden and brilliant burst, as of wit or genius; a momentary brightness or show.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>flash</b> and outbreak of a fiery mind.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No striking sentiment, no <b>flash</b> of fancy.
<i>Wirt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The time during which a flash is visible; an instant; a very brief period.</def>

<blockquote>The Persians and Macedonians had it for a <b>flash</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A preparation of capsicum, burnt sugar, etc., for coloring and giving a fictious strength to liquors.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Flash light</col>, &or; <col>Flashing light</col></mcol>, <cd>a kind of light shown by lighthouses, produced by the revolution of reflectors, so as to show a flash of light every few seconds, alternating with periods of dimness.</cd>  <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>Flash in the pan</col>, <cd>the flashing of the priming in the pan of a flintlock musket without discharging the piece; hence, sudden, spasmodic effort that accomplishes nothing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flash</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flash</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Showy, but counterfeit; cheap, pretentious, and vulgar; <as>as, <ex>flash</ex> jewelry; <ex>flash</ex> finery.</as></def>
<-- different from flashy[3]?  Not much used late 1900's.  Perh. because of sense 2? -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wearing showy, counterfeit ornaments; vulgarly pretentious; <as>as, <ex>flash</ex> people; <ex>flash</ex> men or women</as>; -- applied especially to thieves, gamblers, and prostitutes that dress in a showy way and wear much cheap jewelry.</def>

<cs><col>Flash house</col>, <cd>a house frequented by flash people, as thieves and whores; hence, a brothel. "A gang of footpads, reveling with their favorite beauties at a <i>flash house<i>."</cd>

<i>Macaulay.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Flash</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flash</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Slang or cant of thieves and prostitutes.</def>

<h1>Flash</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flash</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>flasche</ets>, <ets>flaske</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>flache</ets>, F. <ets>flaque</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pool.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Haliwell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Engineering)</fld> <def>A reservoir and sluiceway beside a navigable stream, just above a shoal, so that the stream may pour in water as boats pass, and thus bear them over the shoal.</def>

<cs><col>Flash wheel</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a paddle wheel made to revolve in a breast or curved water way, by which water is lifted from the lower to the higher level.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flashboard</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flash"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A board placed temporarily upon a milldam, to raise the water in the pond above its usual level; a flushboard.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Flasher</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flash"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, flashes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A man of more appearance of wit than reality.</def>
<-- 3. an exhibitionist -->

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A large sparoid fish of the Atlantic coast and all tropical seas (<spn>Lobotes Surinamensis</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The European red-backed shrile (<spn>Lanius collurio</spn>); -- called also <altname>flusher</altname>.</def>

<h1>Flashily</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flash"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a flashy manner; with empty show.</def>

<h1>Flashiness</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flash"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being flashy.</def>

<h1>Flashing</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flash"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Engineering)</fld> <def>The creation of an artifical flood by the sudden letting in of a body of water; -- called also <altname>flushing</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Pieces of metal, built into the joints of a wall, so as to lap over the edge of the gutters or to cover the edge of the roofing; also, similar pieces used to cover the valleys of roofs of slate, shingles, or the like. By extension, the metal covering of ridges and hips of roofs; also, in the United States, the protecting of angles and breaks in walls of frame houses with waterproof material, tarred paper, or the like. Cf. <er>Filleting</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Glass Making)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The reheating of an article at the furnace aperture during manufacture to restore its plastic condition; esp., the reheating of a globe of crown glass to allow it to assume a flat shape as it is rotated.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A mode of covering transparent white glass with a film of colored glass.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<cs><col>Flashing point</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>that degree of temperature at which a volatile oil gives off vapor in sufficient quantity to burn, or flash, on the approach of a flame, used as a test of the comparative safety of oils, esp. kerosene; a flashing point of 100&deg; F. is regarded as a fairly safe standard. The burning point of the oil is usually from ten to thirty degree above the flashing point of its vapor.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flashy</h1>
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<hw>Flash"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dazzling for a moment; making a momentary show of brilliancy; transitorily bright.</def>

<blockquote>A little <b>flashy</b> and transient pleasure.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fiery; vehement; impetuous.</def>

<blockquote>A temper always <b>flashy</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Showy; gay; gaudy; <as>as, a <ex>flashy</ex> dress</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Without taste or spirit.</def>

<blockquote>Lean and <b>flashy</b> songs.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flask</h1>
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<hw>Flask</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>flasce</ets>, <ets>flaxe</ets>; akin to D. <ets>flesch</ets>, OHG. <ets>flasca</ets>, G. <ets>flasche</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>flaska</ets>, Dan. <ets>flaske</ets>, OF. <ets>flasche</ets>, LL. <ets>flasca</ets>, <ets>flasco</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. L. <ets>vasculum</ets>, dim. of <ets>vas</ets> a vessel, Gr. <?/, <?/, <?/. Cf. <er>Flagon</er>, <er>Flasket</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small bottle-shaped vessel for holding fluids; <as>as, a <ex>flask</ex> of oil or wine</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A narrow-necked vessel of metal or glass, used for various purposes; as of sheet metal, to carry gunpowder in; or of wrought iron, to contain quicksilver; or of glass, to heat water in, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A bed in a gun carriage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>The wooden or iron frame which holds the sand, etc., forming the mold used in a foundry; it consists of two or more parts; viz., the <i>cope</i> or top; sometimes, the <i>cheeks</i>, or middle part; and the <i>drag</i>, or bottom part. When there are one or more cheeks, the flask is called a <i>three part flask</i>, <i>four part flask</i>, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Erlenmeyer flask</col>, <cd>a thin glass flask, flat-bottomed and cone-shaped to allow of safely shaking its contents laterally without danger of spilling; -- so called from <i>Erlenmeyer<i>, a German chemist who invented it.</cd> -- <col>Florence flask</col>. <ety>[From <ets>Florence<ets> in Italy.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Same as <er>Betty</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A glass flask, round or pear-shaped, with round or flat bottom, and usually very thin to allow of heating solutions.</cd> -- <col>Pocket flask</col>, <cd>a kind of pocket dram bottle, often covered with metal or leather to protect it from breaking.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flasket</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flask"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>fflasged</ets> a vessel of straw or wickerwork, <ets>fflasg</ets> flask, basket, and E. <ets>flask</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A long, shallow basket, with two handles.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>In which they gathered flowers to fill their <b>flasket</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small flask.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A vessel in which viands are served.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Flat</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Flatter</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Flattest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to Icel. <ets>flatr</ets>, Sw. <ets>flat</ets>, Dan. <ets>flad</ets>, OHG. <ets>flaz</ets>, and AS. <ets>flet</ets> floor, G. <ets>fl\'94tz</ets> stratum, layer.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having an even and horizontal surface, or nearly so, without prominences or depressions; level without inclination; plane.</def>

<blockquote>Though sun and moon
Were in the <b>flat</b> sea sunk.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lying at full length, or spread out, upon the ground; level with the ground or earth; prostrate; <as>as, to lie <ex>flat</ex> on the ground</as>; hence, fallen; laid low; ruined; destroyed.</def>

<blockquote>What ruins kingdoms, and lays cities <b>flat</b>!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I feel . . . my hopes all <b>flat</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Wanting relief; destitute of variety; without points of prominence and striking interest.</def>

<blockquote>A large part of the work is, to me, very <b>flat</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Tasteless; stale; vapid; insipid; dead; <as>as, fruit or drink <ex>flat</ex> to the taste</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Unanimated; dull; uninteresting; without point or spirit; monotonous; <as>as, a <ex>flat</ex> speech or composition</as>.</def>

<blockquote>How weary, stale, <b>flat</b>, and unprofitable
Seem to me all the uses of this world.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Lacking liveliness of commercial exchange and dealings; depressed; dull; <as>as, the market is <ex>flat</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Clear; unmistakable; peremptory; absolute; positive; downright.</def>

<blockquote><b>Flat</b> burglary as ever was committed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A great tobacco taker too, -- that's <b>flat</b>.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Below the true pitch; hence, as applied to intervals, minor, or lower by a half step; <as>as, a <ex>flat</ex> seventh; A <ex>flat</ex>.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not sharp or shrill; not acute; <as>as, a <ex>flat</ex> sound</as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>Sonant; vocal; -- applied to any one of the sonant or vocal consonants, as distinguished from a nonsonant (or <i>sharp</i>) consonant.</def>

<cs><col>Flat arch</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Arch</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2. (<it>b</it>).</cd> -- <col>Flat cap</col>, <cd>cap paper, not folded. See under <er>Paper</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flat chasing</col>, <cd>in fine art metal working, a mode of ornamenting silverware, etc., producing figures by dots and lines made with a punching tool.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>Flat chisel</col>, <cd>a sculptor's chisel for smoothing.</cd> -- <col>Flat file</col>, <cd>a file wider than its thickness, and of rectangular section. See <er>File</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flat nail</col>, <cd>a small, sharp-pointed, wrought nail, with a flat, thin head, larger than a tack.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>Flat paper</col>, <cd>paper which has not been folded.</cd> -- <col>Flat rail</col>, <cd>a railroad rail consisting of a simple flat bar spiked to a longitudinal sleeper.</cd> -- <col>Flat rods</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>horizontal or inclined connecting rods, for transmitting motion to pump rods at a distance.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i> -- <col>Flat rope</col>, <cd>a rope made by plaiting instead of twisting; gasket; sennit.</cd>  <note>Some flat hoisting ropes, as for mining shafts, are made by sewing together a number of ropes, making a wide, flat band</note>. <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>Flat space</col>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Euclidian space</cref>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Flat stitch</col>, <cd>the process of wood engraving.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Flat tint</col></mcol> <fld>(Painting)</fld>, <cd>a coat of water color of one uniform shade.</cd> -- <col>To fall flat</col> <mark>(Fig.)</mark>, <cd>to produce no effect; to fail in the intended effect; as, his speech <i>fell flat<i>.</cd>

<blockquote>Of all who fell by saber or by shot,
Not one <b>fell</b> half so <b>flat</b> as Walter Scott.
<i>Lord Erskine.</i></blockquote>
</cs>

<h1>Flat</h1>
<Xpage=567>

<hw>Flat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a flat manner; directly; flatly.</def>

<blockquote>Sin is <b>flat</b> opposite to the Almighty.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>Without allowance for accrued interest.</def> <mark>[Broker's Cant]</mark>

<hr>
<page="568">
Page 568<p>

<h1>Flat</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A level surface, without elevation, relief, or prominences; an extended plain; specifically, in the United States, a level tract along the along the banks of a river; <as>as, the Mohawk <ex>Flats</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Envy is as the sunbeams that beat hotter upon a bank, or steep rising ground, than upon a <b>flat</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="568">
Page 568<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A level tract lying at little depth below the surface of water, or alternately covered and left bare by the tide; a shoal; a shallow; a strand.</def>

<blockquote>Half my power, this night
Passing these <b>flats</b>, are taken by the tide.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Something broad and flat in form</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A flat-bottomed boat, without keel, and of small draught</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A straw hat, broad-brimmed and low-crowned</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Railroad Mach.)</fld> <def>A car without a roof, the body of which is a platform without sides; a platform car</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A platform on wheel, upon which emblematic designs, etc., are carried in processions.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The flat part, or side, of anything; as, the broad side of a blade, as distinguished from its edge.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A floor, loft, or story in a building; especially, a floor of a house, which forms a complete residence in itself<-- an apartment taking up a whole floor -->.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A horizontal vein or ore deposit auxiliary to a main vein; also, any horizontal portion of a vein not elsewhere horizontal.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A dull fellow; a simpleton; a numskull.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Or if you can not make a speech,
Because you are a <b>flat</b>.
<i>Holmes.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A character [&flat;] before a note, indicating a tone which is a half step or semitone lower.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A homaloid space or extension.</def>

<h1>Flat</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flatted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flatting</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make flat; to flatten; to level.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To render dull, insipid, or spiritless; to depress.</def>

<blockquote>Passions are allayed, appetites are <b>flatted</b>.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To depress in tone, as a musical note; especially, to lower in pitch by half a tone.</def>

<h1>Flat</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become flat, or flattened; to sink or fal to an even surface.</def>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To fall form the pitch.</def>

<cs><col>To flat out</col>, <cd>to fail from a promising beginning; to make a bad ending; to disappoint expectations. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs><-- = to fall flat -->

<h1>Flatbill</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"bill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the genus <spn>Flatyrynchus</spn>. They belong to the family of flycatchers.</def>

<h1>Flatboat</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"boat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A boat with a flat bottom and square ends; -- used for the transportation of bulky freight, especially in shallow waters.</def>

<h1>Flat-bottomed</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"-bot`tomed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having an even lower surface or bottom; <as>as, a <ex>flat-bottomed</ex> boat</as>.</def>

<h1>Flat-cap</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"-cap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of low-crowned cap formerly worn by all classes in England, and continued in London after disuse elsewhere; -- hence, a citizen of London.</def>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Flatfish</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any fish of the family <spn>Pleuronectid\'91</spn>; esp., the winter flounder (<spn>Pleuronectes Americanus</spn>). The flatfishes have the body flattened, swim on the side, and have eyes on one side, as the flounder, turbot, and halibut. See <er>Flounder</er>.</def>

<h1>Flat foot</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat" foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A foot in which the arch of the instep is flattened so that the entire sole of the foot rests upon the ground; also, the deformity, usually congential, exhibited by such a foot; splayfoot.</def>

<h1>Flat-footed</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"-foot`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a flat foot, with little or no arch of the instep.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Firm-footed; determined.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>
<-- catch flat-footed = catch unprepared -->

<h1>Flathead</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by flatness of head, especially that produced by artificial means, as a certain tribe of American Indians.</def>

<h1>Flathead</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"head`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A Chinook Indian. See <er>Chinook</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</def>

<h1>Flat-heated</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"-heat`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a head with a flattened top; <as>as, a <ex>flat-headed</ex> nail</as>.</def>

<h1>Flatiron</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"i`ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An iron with a flat, smooth surface for ironing clothes.</def>

<h1>Flative</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Fla"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flare</ets>, <ets>flatum</ets> to blow.]</ety> <def>Producing wind; flatulent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>A. Brewer.</i>

<h1>Flating</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Flat</ets>, <tt>a.</tt> + adverbial suff. <ets>-ing</ets>.]</ety> <def>With the flat side, as of a sword; flatlong; in a prostrate position.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Flatlong</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"long</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>; 115), <i>adv</i>. With the flat side downward; not edgewise.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Flatly</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a flat manner; evenly; horizontally; without spirit; dully; frigidly; peremptori;y; positively, plainly.</def> "He <i>flatly</i> refused his aid."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<blockquote>He that does the works of religion slowly, <b>flatly</b>, and without appetite.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flatness</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being flat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Eveness of surface; want of relief or prominence; the state of being plane or level.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Want of vivacity or spirit; prostration; dejection; depression.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Want of variety or flavor; dullness; inspidity.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Depression of tone; the state of being below the true pitch; -- opposed to <i>sharpness</i> or <i>acuteness</i>.</def>

<h1>Flatour</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Fla*tour"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.]</ety> <def>A flatterer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Flatten</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flattened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flattening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Flat</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce to an even surface or one approaching evenness; to make flat; to level; to make plane.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To throw down; to bring to the ground; to prostrate; hence, to depress; to deject; to dispirit.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make vapid or insipid; to render stale.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To lower the pitch of; to cause to sound less sharp; to let fall from the pitch.</def>

<cs><col>To flatten a sail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to set it more nearly fore-and-aft of the vessel.</cd> -- <col>Flattening oven</col>, <cd>in glass making, a heated chamber in which split glass cylinders are flattened for window glass.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flatten</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"ten</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become or grow flat, even, depressed dull, vapid, spiritless, or depressed below pitch.</def>

<h1>Flatter</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, makes flat or flattens.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metal Working)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A flat-faced fulling hammer.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A drawplate with a narrow, rectangular orifice, for drawing flat strips, as watch springs, etc.</def>

<h1>Flatter</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flattered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flattering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>flateren</ets>, cf. OD. <ets>flatteren</ets>; akin to G. <ets>flattern</ets> to flutter, Icel. <ets>fla<?/ra</ets> to fawn, flatter: cf. F. <ets>flatter</ets>. Cf. <er>Flitter</er>, <er>Flutter</er>, <er>Flattery</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To treat with praise or blandishments; to gratify or attempt to gratify the self-love or vanity of, esp. by artful and interested commendation or attentions; to blandish; to cajole; to wheedle.</def>

<blockquote>When I tell him he hates flatterers,
He says he does, being then most <b>flattered</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A man that <b>flattereth</b> his neighbor, spreadeth a net for his feet.
<i>Prov. xxix. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Others he <b>flattered</b> by asking their advice.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To raise hopes in; to encourage or favorable, but sometimes unfounded or deceitful, representations.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To portray too favorably; to give a too favorable idea of; <as>as, his portrait <ex>flatters</ex> him</as>.</def>

<h1>Flatter</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To use flattery or insincere praise.</def>

<blockquote>If it may stand him more in stead to lie,
Say and unsay, feign, <b>flatter</b>, or adjure.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flatterer</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who flatters.</def>

<blockquote>The most abject <b>flaterers</b> degenerate into the greatest tyrants.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flattering</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"ter*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That flatters (in the various senses of the verb); <as>as, a <ex>flattering</ex> speech</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Lay not that <b>flattering</b> unction to your soul.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>flattering</b> painter, who made it his care,
To draw men as they ought be, not as they are.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flatteringly</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With flattery.</def>

<h1>Flattery</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Flatteries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>flaterie</ets>, OF. <ets>flaterie</ets>, F. <ets>flaterie</ets>, fr. <ets>flater</ets> to flatter, F. <ets>flatter</ets>; of uncertain origin. See <er>Flatter</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>The act or practice of flattering; the act of pleasing by artiful commendation or compliments; adulation; false, insincere, or excessive praise.</def>

<blockquote>Just praise is only a debt, but <b>flattery</b> is a present.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Flattery</b> corrupts both the receiver and the giver.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Adulation; compliment; obsequiousness. See <er>Adulation</er>.</syn>

<h1>Flatting</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The process or operation of making flat, as a cylinder of glass by opening it out.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mode of painting,in which the paint, being mixed with turpentine, leaves the work without gloss.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A method of preserving gilding unburnished, by touching with size.</def>

<i>Knolles.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The process of forming metal into sheets by passing it between rolls.</def>

<cs><col>Flatting coat</col>, <cd>a coat of paint so put on as to have no gloss.</cd> -- <col>Flatting furnace</col>. <cd>Same as <i>Flattening oven<i>, under <er>Flatten</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flatting mill</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A rolling mill producing sheet metal; esp., in mints, the ribbon from which the planchets are punched.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A mill in which grains of metal are flatted by steel rolls, and reduced to metallic dust, used for purposes of ornamentation.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flattish</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"tish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat flat.</def>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Flatulence, Flatlency</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw><hw>Flat"u*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Flat"*len*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>flatulence</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being flatulent.</def>

<h1>Flatulent</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"u*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flatus</ets> a blowing, <ets>flatus ventris</ets> windiness, flatulence, fr. <ets>flare</ets> to blow: cf. F. <ets>flatulent</ets>. See <er>Blow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Affected with flatus or gases generated in the alimentary canal; windy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Generating, or tending to generate, wind in the stomach.</def>

<blockquote>Vegetables abound more with a\'89rial particles than animal substances, and therefore are more <b>flatulent</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Turgid with flatus; <as>as, a <ex>flatulent</ex> tumor</as>.</def>

<i>Quincy.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Pretentious without substance or reality; puffy; empty; vain; <as>as, a <ex>flatulent</ex> vanity</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He is too <b>flatulent</b> sometimes, and sometimes too dry.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flatulently</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"u*lent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a flatulent manner; with flatulence.</def>

<h1>Flatuosity</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat`u*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>flatuosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Flatulence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Flatuous</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>flatueux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Windy; generating wind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Flatus</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Fla"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Flatuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Flatus</plw></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>flare</ets> to blow.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A breath; a puff of wind.</def>

<i>Clarke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wind or gas generated in the stomach or other cavities of the body.</def>

<i>Quincy.</i>

<h1>Flatwise</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"wise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. &or; adv.</tt> <def>With the flat side downward, or next to another object; not edgewise.</def>

<h1>Flatworm</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flat"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any worm belonging to the Plathelminthes; also, sometimes applied to the planarians.</def>

<h1>Flaundrish</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flaun"drish</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Flemish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Flaunt</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flaunt</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flaunted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt>. <er>Flaunting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. dial. G. <ets>flandern</ets> to flutter, wave; perh. akin to E. <ets>flatter</ets>, <ets>flutter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To throw or spread out; to flutter; to move ostentatiously; <as>as, a <ex>flaunting</ex> show</as>.</def>

<blockquote>You <b>flaunt</b> about the streets in your new gilt chariot.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>One <b>flaunts</b> in rags, one flutters in brocade.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flaunt</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flaunt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To display ostentatiously; to make an impudent show of.</def>

<h1>Flaunt</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flaunt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything displayed for show.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In these my borrowed <b>flaunts</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flauntingly</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flaunt"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a flaunting way.</def>

<h1>Flautist</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flau"tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>flauto</ets> a flute See <er>Flute</er>.]</ety> <def>A player on the flute; a flutist.</def>

<h1>Flauto</h1>
<Xpage=568>

<hw>Flau"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A flute.</def>

<cs><col>Flaute piccolo</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[It., little flute]</ety>, <cd>an octave flute.</cd> -- <col>Flauto traverso</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[It., transverse flute]</ety>, <cd>the German flute, held laterally, instead of being played, like the old <i>fl\'96te a bec<i>, with a mouth piece at the end.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flavaniline</h1>
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<hw>Fla*van"i*line</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flavus</ets> yellow + E. <ets>aniline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow, crystalline, organic dyestuff, <chform>C16H14N2</chform>, of artifical production. It is a strong base, and is a complex derivative of aniline and quinoline.</def>

<h1>Flavescent</h1>
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<hw>Fla*ves"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flavescens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>flavescere</ets> to turn yellow.]</ety> <def>Turning yellow; yellowish.</def>

<h1>Flavicomous</h1>
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<hw>Fla*vic"o*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flavicomus</ets>; <ets>flavus</ets> yellow + <ets>coma</ets> hair.]</ety> <def>Having yellow hair.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Flavin</h1>
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<hw>Fla"vin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flavus</ets> yellow.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow, vegetable dyestuff, resembling quercitron.</def>

<h1>Flavine</h1>
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<hw>Fla"vine</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow, crystalline, organic base, <chform>C13H12N2O</chform>, obtained artificially.</def>

<h1>Flavol</h1>
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<hw>Fla"vol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flavus</ets> yellow + <ets>-oil</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow, crystalline substance, obtained from anthraquinone, and regarded as a hydroxyl derivative of it.</def>

<h1>Flavor</h1>
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<hw>Fla"vor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>fleur</ets>, <ets>flaur</ets> (two syllables), odor, cf. F. <ets>fleurer</ets> to emit an odor, It. <ets>flatore</ets> a bad odor, prob. fr. L. <ets>flare</ets> to bow, whence the sense of <ets>exhalation</ets>. Cf. <er>Blow</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>flavour</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That quality of anything which affects the smell; odor; fragrances; <as>as, the <ex>flavor</ex> of a rose</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That quality of anything which affects the taste; that quality which gratifies the palate; relish; zest; savor; <as>as, the <ex>flavor</ex> of food or drink</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which imparts to anything a peculiar odor or taste, gratifying to the sense of smell, or the nicer perceptions of the palate; a substance which flavors.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That quality which gives character to any of the productions of literature or the fine arts.</def>

<h1>Flavor</h1>
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<hw>Fla"vor</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flavored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flavoring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To give flavor to; to add something (as salt or a spice) to, to give character or zest.</def>

<h1>Flavored</h1>
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<hw>Fla"vored</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a distinct flavor; <as>as, high-<ex>flavored</ex> wine</as>.</def>

<h1>Flavorles</h1>
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<hw>Fla"vor*les</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without flavor; tasteless.</def>

<h1>Flavorous</h1>
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<hw>Fla"vor*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Imparting flavor; pleasant to the taste or smell; sapid.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Flavous</h1>
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<hw>Fla"vous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flavus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Yellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Flaw</h1>
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<hw>Flaw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>flai</ets>, <ets>flaw</ets> flake; cf. Sw. <ets>flaga</ets> flaw, crack, breach, flake, D. <ets>vlaag</ets> gust of wind, Norw. <ets>flage</ets>, <ets>flaag</ets>, and E. <ets>flag</ets> a flat stone.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A crack or breach; a gap or fissure; a defect of continuity or cohesion; <as>as, a <ex>flaw</ex> in a knife or a vase</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This heart
Shall break into a hundered thousand <b>flaws</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A defect; a fault; <as>as, a <ex>flaw</ex> in reputation; a <ex>flaw</ex> in a will, in a deed, or in a statute.</as></def>

<blockquote>Has not this also its <b>flaws</b> and its dark side?
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sudden burst of noise and disorder; a tumult; uproar; a quarrel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And deluges of armies from the town
Came pouring in; I heard the mighty <b>flaw</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A sudden burst or gust of wind of short duration.</def>

<blockquote>Snow, and hail, and stormy gust and <b>flaw</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Like <b>flaws</b> in summer laying lusty corn.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Blemish; fault; imoerfection; spot; speck.</syn>

<h1>Flaw</h1>
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<hw>Flaw</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flawed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flawing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To crack; to make flaws in.</def>

<blockquote>The brazen caldrons with the frosts are <b>flawed</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To break; to violate; to make of no effect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>France hath <b>flawed</b> the league.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flawless</h1>
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<hw>Flaw"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from flaws.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Flawn</h1>
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<hw>Flawn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>flaon</ets>, F. <ets>flan</ets>, LL. <ets>flado</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>flado</ets>, G. <ets>fladen</ets>, a sort of pancake; cf. Gr. <?/ broad. See <er>Place</er>.]</ety> <def>A sort of flat custard or pie.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Flawter</h1>
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<hw>Flaw"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Flay</er>.]</ety> <def>To scrape o<?/ pare, as a skin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Flawy</h1>
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<hw>Flaw"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of flaws or cracks; broken; defective; faulty.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Subject to sudden flaws or gusts of wind.</def>

<h1>Flax</h1>
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<hw>Flax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fleax</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vlas</ets>, <ets>OHG</ets>. <ets>flahs</ets>, G. <ets>flachs</ets>, and prob. to <ets>flechten</ets> to braid, plait,m twist, L. <ets>plectere</ets> to weave, <ets>plicare</ets> to fold, Gr. <?/ to weave, plait. See <er>Ply</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Linum</spn>, esp. the <spn>L. usitatissimum</spn>, which has a single, slender stalk, about a foot and a half high, with blue flowers. The fiber of the bark is used for making thread and cloth, called <i>linen</i>, <i>cambric</i>, <i>lawn</i>, <i>lace</i>, etc. Linseed oil is expressed from the seed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The skin or fibrous part of the flax plant, when broken and cleaned by hatcheling or combing.</def>

<cs><col>Earth flax</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>amianthus.</cd> -- <col>Flax brake</col>, <cd>a machine for removing the woody portion of flax from the fibrous.</cd> -- <col>Flax comb</col>, <cd>a hatchel, hackle, or heckle.</cd> -- <col>Flax cotton</col>, <cd>the fiber of flax, reduced by steeping in bicarbinate of soda and acidulated liquids, and prepared for bleaching and spinning like cotton.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>Flax dresser</col>, <cd>one who breaks and swingles flax, or prepares it for the spinner.</cd> -- <col>Flax mill</col>, <cd>a mill or factory where flax is spun or linen manufactured.</cd> -- <col>Flax puller</col>, <cd>a machine for pulling flax plants in the field.</cd> -- <col>Flax wench</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A woman who spins flax.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A prostitute. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <i>Shak.</i> -- <col>Mountain flax</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>amianthus.</cd> -- <col>New Zealand flax</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Flax-plant</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flaxen</h1>
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<hw>Flax"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of flax; resembling flax or its fibers; of the color of flax; of a light soft straw color; fair and flowing, like flax or tow; <as>as, <ex>flaxen</ex> thread; <ex>flaxen</ex> hair.</as></def>

<h1>Flax-plant</h1>
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<hw>Flax"-plant`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant in new Zealand (<spn>Phormium tenax</spn>), allied to the lilies and aloes. The leaves are two inches wide and several feet long, and furnish a fiber which is used for making ropes, mats, and coarse cloth.</def>

<h1>Flaxseed</h1>
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<hw>Flax"seed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The seed of the flax; linseed.</def>

<h1>Flaxweed</h1>
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<hw>Flax"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Toadflax</er>.</def>

<h1>Flaxy</h1>
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<hw>Flax"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like flax; flaxen.</def>

<i>Sir M. Sandys.</i>

<h1>Flay</h1>
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<hw>Flay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flayed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>flean</ets>, <ets>flan</ets>, AS. <ets>fle\'a0n</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vlaen</ets>, Icel. <ets>fl\'be</ets>, Sw. <ets>fl\'86</ets>, Dan. <ets>flaae</ets>, cf. Lith. <ets>ples<?/</ets> to tear, <ets>plyszti</ets>, v.i., to burst tear; perh. akin to E. <ets>flag</ets> to flat stone, <ets>flaw</ets>.]</ety> <def>To skin; to strip off the skin or surface of; <as>as, to <ex>flay</ex> an ox; to <ex>flay</ex> the green earth.</as></def>

<blockquote>With her nails
She 'll <b>flay</b> thy wolfish visage.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="569">
Page 569<p>

<h1>Flayer</h1>
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<hw>Flay"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who strips off the skin.</def>

<h1>Flea</h1>
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<hw>Flea</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Flay</er>.]</ety> <def>To flay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He will be <b>fleaced</b> first
And horse collars made of's skin.
<i>J. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flea</h1>
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<hw>Flea</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fle</ets>, <ets>flee</ets>, AS. <ets>fle\'a0</ets>, <ets>fle\'a0h</ets>; akin to D. <?/, OHG. <ets>fl<?/h</ets>, G. floh, Icel. <ets>fl<?/</ets>, Russ. <ets>blocha</ets>; prob. from the root of E. <ets>flee</ets>. <?/ 84. See <er>Flee</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect belonging to the genus Pulex, of the order Aphaniptera. Fleas are destitute of wings, but have the power of leaping energetically. The bite is poisonous to most persons. The human flea (<spn>Pulex irritans</spn>), abundant in Europe, is rare in America, where the dog flea (<spn>P. canis</spn>) takes its place. See <er>Aphaniptera</er>, and <er>Dog flea</er>. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<cs><col>A flea in the ear</col>, <cd>an unwelcome hint or unexpected reply, annoying like a flea; an irritating repulse; as, to put a <i>flea in one's ear<i>; to go away with <i>a flea in one's ear<i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Beach flea</col>, <col>Black flea</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Beach</er>, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fleabane</h1>
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<hw>Flea"bane`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of various plants, supposed to have efficacy in driving away fleas. They belong, for the most part, to the genera <spn>Conyza</spn>, <spn>Erigeron</spn>, and <spn>Pulicaria</spn>.</def>

<h1>Flea-beetle</h1>
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<hw>Flea"-bee`tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small beetle of the family <spn>Halticid\'91</spn>, of many species. They have strong posterior legs and leap like fleas. The turnip flea-beetle (<spn>Phyllotreta vittata</spn>) and that of the grapevine (<spn>Graptodera chalybea</spn>) are common injurious species.</def>

<h1>Flea-bite</h1>
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<hw>Flea"-bite`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The bite of a flea, or the red spot caused by the bite.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A trifling wound or pain, like that of the bite of a flea.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Flea-bitten</h1>
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<hw>Flea"-bit`ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bitten by a flea; <as>as, a <ex>flea-bitten</ex> face</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>White, flecked with minute dots of bay or sorrel; -- said of the color of a horse.</def>

<h1>Fleagh</h1>
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<hw>Fleagh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Fly</er>.</def>

<h1>Fleak</h1>
<Xpage=569>

<hw>Fleak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flake; a thread or twist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Little long <b>fleaks</b> or threads of hemp.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fleaking</h1>
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<hw>Fleak"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A light covering of reeds, over which the main covering is laid, in thatching houses.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Flea-louse</h1>
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<hw>Flea"-louse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A jumping plant louse of the family <spn>Psyllid\'91</spn>, of many species. That of the pear tree is <spn>Psylla pyri</spn>.</def>

<h1>Fleam</h1>
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<hw>Fleam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>flamme</ets>, OF. <ets>flieme</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>flevotomum</ets>, <ets>phlebotomum</ets>; cf. D. <ets>vlijm</ets>. See <er>Phlebotomy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg. & Far.)</fld> <def>A sharp instrument used for opening veins, lancing gums, etc.; a kind of lancet.</def>

<cs><col>Fleam tooth</col>, <cd>a tooth of a saw shaped like an isosceles triangle; a peg tooth.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Fleamy</h1>
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<hw>Fleam"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bloody; clotted.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.]</mark>

<blockquote>Foamy bubbling of a <b>fleamy</b> brain.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flear</h1>
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<hw>Flear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Fleer</er>.</def>

<h1>Fleawort</h1>
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<hw>Flea"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herb used in medicine (<spn>Plantago Psyllium</spn>), named from the shape of its seeds.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<h1>Fl\'8ache</h1>
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<hw>Fl\'8ache</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fl\'8ache</ets>, prop., an arrow.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A simple fieldwork, consisting of two faces forming a salient angle pointing outward and open at the gorge.</def>

<h1>Fleck</h1>
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<hw>Fleck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flake; also, a lock, as of wool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Martin.</i>

<h1>Fleck</h1>
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<hw>Fleck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>flekkr</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>fl\'84ck</ets>, D. <ets>vlek</ets>, G. <ets>fleck</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>flitch</ets>.]</ety> <def>A spot; a streak; a speckle.</def> "A sunny <i>fleck</i>."

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<blockquote>Life is dashed with <b>flecks</b> of sin.
<i>tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fleck</h1>
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<hw>Fleck</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flecked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flecking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>flekka</ets>, Sw. <ets>fl\'84cka</ets>, D. <ets>vlekken</ets>, <ets>vlakken</ets>, G. <ets>flecken</ets>. See <er>Fleck</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To spot; to streak or stripe; to variegate; to dapple.</def>

<blockquote>Both <b>flecked</b> with white, the true Arcadian strain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A bird, a cloud, <b>flecking</b> the sunny air.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flecker</h1>
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<hw>Fleck"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fleck.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Fleckless</h1>
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<hw>Fleck"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without spot or blame.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>My consnience will not count me <b>fleckless</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flection</h1>
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<hw>Flec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Flexion</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of bending, or state of being bent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The variation of words by declension, comparison, or conjugation; inflection.</def>

<h1>Flectional</h1>
<Xpage=569>

<hw>Flec"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of, or pertaining to, flection or inflection.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>flectional</b> word is a phrase in the bud.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flector</h1>
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<hw>Flec"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flexor.</def>

<h1>Fled</h1>
<Xpage=569>

<hw>Fled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Flee</er>.</def>

<h1>Fledge</h1>
<Xpage=569>

<hw>Fledge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>flegge</ets>, <ets>flygge</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vlug</ets>, G. <ets>fl\'81gge</ets>, <ets>fl\'81cke</ets>, OHG. <ets>flucchi</ets>, Icel. <ets>fleygr</ets>, and to E. <ets>fly</ets>. <?/ 84. See <er>Fly</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Feathered; furnished with feathers or wings; able to fly.</def>

<blockquote>H<?/ shoulders, <b>fledge</b> with wings.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fledge</h1>
<Xpage=569>

<hw>Fledge</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fledged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fledging</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish with feathers; to supply with the feathers necessary for flight.</def>

<blockquote>The birds were not as yet <b>fledged</b> enough to shift for themselves.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish or adorn with any soft covering.</def>

<blockquote>Your master, whose chin is not yet <b>fledged</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fledgeling</h1>
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<hw>Fledge"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A young bird just fledged.</def>

<h1>Flee</h1>
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<hw>Flee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fleeing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fleon</ets>, <ets>fleen</ets>, AS. <ets>fle\'a2n</ets> (<ets>imperf</ets>. <ets>fle\'a0h</ets>); akin to D. <ets>vlieden</ets>, OHG. & <ets>OS</ets>. <ets>fliohan</ets>, G. <ets>fliehen</ets>, Icel. <ets>fl<?/ja</ets> (imperf. <ets>fl<?/<?/i</ets>), Dan. <ets>flye</ets>, Sw. <ets>fly</ets> (imperf. <ets>flydde</ets>), Goth. <ets>pliuhan</ets>. (<?/) 84. Cf. <er>Flight</er>.]</ety> <def>To run away, as from danger or evil; to avoid in an alarmed or cowardly manner; to hasten off; -- usually with <i>from</i>. This is sometimes omitted, making the verb transitive.</def>

<blockquote>[He] cowardly <b>fled</b>, not having struck one stroke.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Flee</b> fornication.
<i>1 Cor. vi. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So <b>fled</b> his enemies my warlike father.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; When great speed is to be indicated, we commonly use <i>fly</i>, not <i>flee</i>; as, <i>fly</i> hence to France with the utmost speed. "Whither shall I <i>fly</i> to 'scape their hands?" <i>Shak.</i> See <er>Fly</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, 5.</note>

<h1>Fleece</h1>
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<hw>Fleece</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>flees</ets>, AS. <ets>fle\'a2s</ets>; akin to D. <ets>flies</ets>, <ets>vlies</ets> .]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The entire coat of wood that covers a sheep or other similar animal; also, the quantity shorn from a sheep, or animal, at one time.</def>

<blockquote>Who shore me
Like a tame wether, all my precious <b>fleece</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any soft woolly covering resembling a fleece.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Manuf.)</fld> <def>The fine web of cotton or wool removed by the doffing knife from the cylinder of a carding machine.</def>

<cs><col>Fleece wool</col>, <cd>wool shorn from the sheep.</cd> -- <col>Golden fleece</col>. <cd>See under <er>Golden</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fleece</h1>
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<hw>Fleece</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fleeced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fleecing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deprive of a fleece, or natural covering of wool.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strip of money or other property unjustly, especially by trickery or frand; to bring to straits by oppressions and exactions.</def>

<blockquote>Whilst pope and prince shared the wool betwixt them, the people were finely <b>fleeced</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To spread over as with wool.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Fleeced</h1>
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<hw>Fleeced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Furnished with a fleece; <as>as, a sheep is well <ex>fleeced</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Stripped of a fleece; plundered; robbed.</def>

<h1>Fleeceless</h1>
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<hw>Fleece"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a fleece.</def>

<h1>Fleecer</h1>
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<hw>Flee"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fleeces or strips unjustly, especially by trickery or fraund.</def>

<i>Prynne.</i>

<h1>Fleecy</h1>
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<hw>Flee"cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with, made of, or resembling, a fleece.</def> "<i>Fleecy</i> flocks."

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Fleen</h1>
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<hw>Fleen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def><tt>Obs. pl.</tt> of <er>Flea</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fleer</h1>
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<hw>Fle"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who flees.</def>

<i>Ld. Berners.</i>

<h1>Fleer</h1>
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<hw>Fleer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fleered</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fleering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>flerien</ets>; cf. Scot. <ets>fleyr</ets>, Norw. <ets>flira</ets> to titter, giggle, laugh at nothing, MHG. <ets>vlerre</ets>, <ets>vlarre</ets>, a wide wound.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a wry face in contempt, or to grin in scorn; to deride; to sneer; to mock; to gibe; <as>as, to <ex>fleer</ex> and flout</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>fleer</b> and scorn at our solemnity.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grin with an air of civility; to leer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Grinning and <b>fleering</b> as though they went to a bear baiting.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fleer</h1>
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<hw>Fleer</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mock; to flout at.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Flear</h1>
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<hw>Flear</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A word or look of derision or mockery.</def>

<blockquote>And mark the <b>fleers</b>, the gibes, and notable scorn.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A grin of civility; a leer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A sly, treacherous <b>fleer</b> on the face of deceivers.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fleerer</h1>
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<hw>Fleer"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fleers.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Fleeringly</h1>
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<hw>Fleer"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fleering manner.</def>

<h1>Fleet</h1>
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<hw>Fleet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fleeted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fleeting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fleten</ets>, <ets>fleoten</ets>, to swim, AS. <ets>fle\'a2tan</ets> to swim, float; akin to D. <ets>vlieten</ets> to flow, OS. <ets>fliotan</ets>, OHG. <ets>fliozzan</ets>, G. <ets>fliessen</ets>, Icel. <ets>flj&omac;ta</ets> to float, flow, Sw. <ets>flyta</ets>, D. <ets>flyde</ets>, L. <ets>pluere</ets> to rain, Gr. <?/ to sail, swim, float, Skr. <ets>plu</ets> to swim, sail. &root;84. Cf. <er>Fleet</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Float</er>, <er>Pluvial</er>, <er>Flow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sail; to float.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And in frail wood on Adrian Gulf doth <b>fleet</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fly swiftly; to pass over quickly; to hasten; to flit as a light substance.</def>

<blockquote>All the unaccomplished works of Nature's hand, . . .
Dissolved on earth, <b>fleet</b> hither.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To slip on the whelps or the barrel of a capstan or windlass; -- said of a cable or hawser.</def>

<h1>Fleet</h1>
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<hw>Fleet</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pass over rapidly; to skin the surface of; <as>as, a ship that <ex>fleets</ex> the gulf</as>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hasten over; to cause to pass away lighty, or in mirth and joy.</def>

<blockquote>Many young gentlemen flock to him, and <b>fleet</b> the time carelessly.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To draw apart the blocks of; -- said of a tackle.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To cause to slip down the barrel of a capstan or windlass, as a rope or chain</def>.

<h1>Fleet</h1>
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<hw>Fleet</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Fleeter</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Fleetest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>flj<?/tr</ets> quick. See <er>Fleet</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Swift in motion; moving with velocity; light and quick in going from place to place; nimble.</def>

<blockquote>In mail their horses clad, yet <b>fleet</b> and strong.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Light; superficially thin; not penetring deep, as soil.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Fleet</h1>
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<hw>Fleet</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>flete</ets>, <ets>fleote</ets>, AS. <ets>fle\'a2t</ets> ship, fr. <ets>fle\'a2tan</ets> to float, swim. See <er>Fleet</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> and cf. <er>Float</er>.]</ety> <def>A number of vessels in company, especially war vessels; also, the collective naval force of a country, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Fleet captain</col>, <cd>the senior aid of the admiral of a fleet, when a captain.</cd></cs>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Fleet</h1>
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<hw>Fleet</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fle\'a2t</ets> a place where vessels float, bay, river; akin to D. <ets>vliet</ets> rill, brook, G. <ets>fliess</ets>. See <er>Fleet</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A flood; a creek or inlet; a bay or estuary; a river; -- obsolete, except as a place name, -- as <i>Fleet</i> Street in London.</def>

<blockquote>Together wove we nets to entrap the fish
In floods and sedgy <b>fleets</b>.
<i>Matthewes.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A former prison in London, which originally stood near a stream, the <i>Fleet</i> (now filled up).</def>

<cs><col>Fleet parson</col>, <cd>a clergyman of low character, in, or in the vicinity of, the Fleet prison, who was ready to unite persons in marriage (called <i>Fleet marriage<i>) at any hour, without public notice, witnesses, or consent of parents.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fleet</h1>
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<hw>Fleet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fl&emac;t</ets> cream, fr. <ets>fle\'a2tan</ets> to float. See <er>Fleet</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>To take the cream from; to skim.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Fleeten</h1>
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<hw>Fleet"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fleeted or skimmed milk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Fleeten face</col>, <cd>a face of the color of fleeten, <it>i. e.</it>, blanched; hence, a coward. "You know where you are, you <i>fleeten face<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Fleet-foot</h1>
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<hw>Fleet"-foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Swift of foot.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fleeting</h1>
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<hw>Fleet"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Passing swiftly away; not durable; transient; transitory; <as>as, the <ex>fleeting</ex> hours or moments</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Evanescent; ephemeral. See <er>Transient</er>.</syn>

<h1>Fleetingly</h1>
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<hw>Fleet"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fleeting manner; swiftly.</def>

<h1>Fleetings</h1>
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<hw>Fleet"ings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>A mixture of buttermilk and boiling whey; curds.</def> <mark>[prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Fleetly</h1>
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<hw>Fleet"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fleet manner; rapidly.</def>

<h1>Fleetness</h1>
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<hw>Fleet"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Swiftness; rapidity; velocity; celerity; speed; <as>as, the <ex>fleetness</ex> of a horse or of time</as>.</def>

<h1>Fleigh</h1>
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<hw>Fleigh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Fly</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fleme</h1>
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<hw>Fleme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fl&emac;man</ets>, <ets>fl&ymac;man</ets>.]</ety> <def>To banish; to drive out; to expel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Appetite <i>flemeth discretion</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Flemer</h1>
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<hw>Flem"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, banishes or expels.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fleming</h1>
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<hw>Flem"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Flanders.</def>

<h1>Flemish</h1>
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<hw>Flem"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Flanders, or the Flemings.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The language or dialect spoken by the Flemings; also, collectively, the people of Flanders.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Flemish accounts</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>short or deficient accounts. <mark>[Humorous]</mark></cd><i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i> -- <col>Flemish beauty</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a well known pear. It is one of few kinds which have a red color on one side.</cd> -- <col>Flemish bond</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Bond</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 8.</cd> -- <col>Flemish brick</col>, <cd>a hard yellow paving brick.</cd> -- <col>Flemish coil</col>, <cd>a flat coil of rope with the end in the center and the turns lying against, without riding over, each other.</cd> -- <col>Flemish eye</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an eye formed at the end of a rope by dividing the strands and lying them over each other.</cd> -- <col>Flemish horse</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an additional footrope at the end of a yard.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flench</h1>
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<hw>Flench</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Flence</er>.</def>

<h1>Flense</h1>
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<hw>Flense</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>flense</ets>, D. <ets>vlensen</ets>, <ets>vlenzen</ets>, Scot. <ets>flinch</ets>.]</ety> <def>To strip the blubber or skin from, as from a whale, seal, etc.</def>

<blockquote>the <b>flensed</b> carcass of a fur seal.
<i>U. S. Census (1880).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flesh</h1>
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<hw>Flesh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>flesch</ets>, <ets>flesc</ets>, AS. <ets>fl<?/sc</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>fl\'besk</ets>, D. <ets>vleesch</ets>, OS. <ets>fl<?/sk</ets>, OHG. <ets>fleisc</ets>, G. <ets>fleisch</ets>, Icel. & Dan. <ets>flesk</ets> lard, bacon, pork, Sw. <ets>fl\'84sk</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The aggregate of the muscles, fat, and other tissues which cover the framework of bones in man and other animals; especially, the muscles.</def>

<note>&hand; In composition it is mainly albuminous<-- proteinaceous-->, but contains in adition a large number of crystalline bodies, such as creatin, xanthin, hypoxanthin, carnin, etc. It is also rich in phosphate of potash.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Animal food, in distinction from vegetable; meat; especially, the body of beasts and birds used as food, as distinguished from <i>fish</i>.</def>

<blockquote>With roasted <b>flesh</b>, or milk, and wastel bread.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The human body, as distinguished from the soul; the corporeal person.</def>

<blockquote>As if this <b>flesh</b>, which walls about our life,
Were brass impregnable.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The human eace; mankind; humanity.</def>

<blockquote>All <b>flesh</b> had corrupted his way upon the earth.
<i>Gen. vi. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Human nature</def>: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In a good sense, tenderness of feeling; gentleness.</def>

<blockquote>There is no <b>flesh</b> in man's obdurate heart.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>In a bad sense, tendency to transient or physical pleasure; desire for sensual gratification; carnality</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The character under the influence of animal propensities or selfish passions; the soul unmoved by spiritual influences</def>.

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Kindred; stock; race.</def>

<blockquote>He is our brother and our <b>flesh</b>.
<i>Gen. xxxvii. 27.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The soft, pulpy substance of fruit; also, that part of a root, fruit, and the like, which is fit to be eaten.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Flesh</i> is often used adjectively or self-explaining compounds; as, <i>flesh</i> broth or <i>flesh</i>-broth; <i>flesh</i> brush or <i>fleshbrush</i>; <i>flesh</i> tint or <i>flesh</i>-tint; <i>flesh</i> wound.</note>

<cs><col>After the flesh</col>, <cd>after the manner of man; in a gross or earthly manner. "Ye judge <i>after the flesh<i>."</cd> <i>John viii. 15.</i> -- <col>An arm of flesh</col>, <cd>human strength or aid.</cd> -- <col>Flesh and blood</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blood</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flesh broth</col>, <cd>broth made by boiling flesh in water.</cd> -- <col>Flesh fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of flies whose larv\'91 or maggots feed upon flesh, as the bluebottle fly; -- called also <altname>meat fly</altname>, <altname>carrion fly</altname>, and <altname>blowfly</altname>. See <er>Blowly</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flesh meat</col>, <cd>animal food.</cd> <i>Swift.</i> -- <col>Flesh side</col>, <cd>the side of a skin or hide which was next to the flesh; -- opposed to <i>grain side<i>.</cd> -- <col>Flesh tint</col> <fld>(Painting)</fld>, <cd>a color used in painting to imitate the hue of the living body.</cd> -- <col>Flesh worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any insect larva of a flesh fly. See <cref>Flesh fly</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Proud flesh</col>. <cd>See under <er>Proud</er>.</cd> -- <col>To be one flesh</col>, <cd>to be closely united as in marriage; to become as one person.</cd> <i>Gen. ii. 24.</i></cs>

<h1>Flesh</h1>
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<hw>Flesh</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fleshed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fleshing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To feed with flesh, as an incitement to further exertion; to initiate; -- from the practice of training hawks and dogs by feeding them with the first game they take, or other flesh. Hence, to use upon flesh (as a murderous weapon) so as to draw blood, especially for the first time.</def>

<blockquote>Full bravely hast thou <b>fleshed</b>
Thy maiden sword.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The wild dog
Shall <b>flesh</b> his tooth on every innocent.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To glut; to satiate; hence, to harden, to accustom.</def> "<i>Fleshed</i> in triumphs."

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<blockquote>Old soldiers
<b>Fleshed</b> in the spoils of Germany and France.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Leather Manufacture)</fld> <def>To remove flesh, membrance, etc., from, as from hides.</def>

<hr>
<page="570">
Page 570<p>

<h1>Fleshed</h1>
<Xpage=570>

<hw>Fleshed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Corpulent; fat; having flesh.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Glutted; satiated; initiated.</def>

<blockquote><b>Fleshed</b> with slaughter.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flesher</h1>
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<hw>Flesh"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A butcher.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>flesher</b> on a block had laid his whittle down.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A two-handled, convex, blunt-edged knife, for scraping hides; a fleshing knife.</def>

<h1>Fleshhood</h1>
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<hw>Flesh"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of having a form of flesh; incarnation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou, who hast thyself
Endured this <b>fleshhood</b>.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fleshiness</h1>
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<hw>Flesh"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being fleshy; plumpness; corpulence; grossness.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Fleshings</h1>
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<hw>Flesh"ings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Flesh-colored tights, worn by actors dancers.</def>

<i>D. Jerrold.</i>

<h1>Fleshless</h1>
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<hw>Flesh"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of flesh; lean.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Fleshliness</h1>
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<hw>Flesh"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being fleshly; carnal passions and appetites.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Fleshing</h1>
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<hw>Flesh"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person devoted to fleshly things.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Fleshly</h1>
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<hw>Flesh"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the flesh; corporeal.</def> "<i>Fleshly</i> bondage."

<i>Denham.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Animal; not<?/vegetable.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Human; not celestial; not spiritual or divine.</def> "<i>Fleshly</i> wisdom."

<i>2 Cor. i. 12.</i>

<blockquote>Much ostentation vain of <b>fleshly</b> arm
And fragile arms.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Carnal; wordly; lascivious.</def>

<blockquote>Abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul.
<i>1 Pet. ii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fleshly</h1>
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<hw>Flesh"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fleshly manner; carnally; lasciviously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fleshment</h1>
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<hw>Flesh"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of fleshing, or the excitement attending a successful beginning.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fleshmonger</h1>
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<hw>Flesh"mon`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets><?/ mangere</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who deals in flesh; hence, a pimp; a procurer; a pander.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fleshpot</h1>
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<hw>Flesh"pot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pot or vessel in which flesh is cooked</def>; hence <def2>(<pluf>pl.</pluf>), <def>plenty; high living.</def></def2>

<blockquote>In the land of Egypt . . . we sat by the <b>fleshpots</b>, and . . . did eat bread to the full.
<i>Ex. xvi. 3.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fleshquake</h1>
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<hw>Flesh"quake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A quaking or trembling of the flesh; a quiver.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Fleshy</h1>
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<hw>Flesh"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Fleshier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Fleshiest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of, or composed of, flesh; plump; corpulent; fat; gross.</def>

<blockquote>The sole of his foot is fleshy.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Human.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Fleshy</i> tabernacle."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Composed of firm pulp; succulent; <as>as, the houseleek, cactus, and agave are <ex>fleshy</ex> plants</as>.</def>

<h1>Flet</h1>
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<hw>Flet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <mord>of <er>Fleet</er></mord>. <def>Skimmed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fletch</h1>
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<hw>Fletch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fletched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fletching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>fl\'8ache</ets> arrow.]</ety> <def>To feather, as an arrow.</def>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<blockquote>[Congress] <b>fletched</b> their complaint, by adding: "America loved his brother."
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fletcher</h1>
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<hw>Fletch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>flechier</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who fletches of feathers arrows; a manufacturer of bows and arrows.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Flete</h1>
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<hw>Flete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fleet</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>To float; to swim.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Whether I sink or <i>flete</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fletiferous</h1>
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<hw>Fle*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fletifer</ets>; <ets>fletus</ets> a weeping (from <ets>flere</ets>, <ets>fletum</ets>, to weep) + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Producing tears.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Fleur-de-lis</h1>
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<hw>Fleur`-de-lis`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fleurs-de-lis</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F., flower of the lily. Cf. <er>Flower-de-luce</er>, <er>Lily</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The iris. See <er>Flower-de-luce</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A conventional flower suggested by the iris, and having a form which fits it for the terminal decoration of a scepter, the ornaments of a crown, etc. It is also a heraldic bearing, and is identified with the royal arms and adornments of France.</def>

<h1>Fleury</h1>
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<hw>Fleur"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fleuri</ets> covered with flowers, p.p. of <ets>fleurir</ets>. See <er>Flourish</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Finished at the ends with fleurs-de-lis; -- said esp. a cross so decorated.</def>

<h1>Flew</h1>
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<hw>Flew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Fly</er>.</def>

<h1>Flewed</h1>
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<hw>Flewed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having large flews.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Flews</h1>
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<hw>Flews</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>The pendulous or overhanging lateral parts of the upper lip of dogs, especially prominent in hounds; -- called also <altname>chaps</altname>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Bloodhound</er>.</def>

<h1>Flex</h1>
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<hw>Flex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flexed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flexing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>flexus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>flectere</ets> to bend, perh. <ets>flectere</ets> and akin to <ets>falx</ets> sickle, E. <ets>falchion</ets>. Cf. <er>Flinch</er>.]</ety> <def>To bend; <as>as, to <ex>flex</ex> the arm</as>.</def>

<h1>Flex</h1>
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<hw>Flex</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Flax.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Flexanimous</h1>
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<hw>Flex*an"i*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flexanimus</ets>; <ets>flectere</ets>, <ets>flexum</ets>, to bend + <ets>animus</ets> mind.]</ety> <def>Having power to change the mind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Flexibility</h1>
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<hw>Flex`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flexibilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>flexibilite</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being flexible; flexibleness; pliancy; pliability; <as>as, the <ex>flexibility</ex> of strips of hemlock, hickory, whalebone or metal, or of rays of light</as>.</def>

<i>Sir I. Newton.</i>

<blockquote>All the <b>flexibility</b> of a veteran courtier.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flexible</h1>
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<hw>Flex"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flexibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>flexible</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being flexed or bent; admitting of being turned, bowed, or twisted, without breaking; pliable; yielding to pressure; not stiff or brittle.</def>

<blockquote>When the splitting wind
Makes <b>flexible</b> the knees of knotted oaks.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Willing or ready to yield to the influence of others; not invincibly rigid or obstinate; tractable; manageable; ductile; easy and compliant; wavering.</def>

<blockquote>Phocion was a man of great severity, and no ways <b>flexible</b> to the will of the people.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Women are soft, mild, pitiful, and <b>flexible</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Capable or being adapted or molded; plastic,; <as>as, a <ex>flexible</ex> language</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This was a principle more <b>flexible</b> to their purpose.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Pliant; pliable; supple; tractable; manageable; ductile; obsequious; inconstant; wavering.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Flex"i*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Flex"i*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Flexicostate</h1>
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<hw>Flex`i*cos"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flexus</ets> bent + E. <ets>costate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having bent or curved ribs.</def>

<h1>Flexile</h1>
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<hw>Flex"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flexilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Flexible; pliant; pliable; easily bent; plastic; tractable.</def>

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<h1>Flexion</h1>
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<hw>Flex"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flexio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>flexion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of flexing or bending; a turning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bending; a part bent; a fold.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Syntactical change of form of words, as by declension or conjugation; inflection.</def>

<blockquote>Express the syntactical relations by <b>flexion</b>.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The bending of a limb or joint; that motion of a joint which gives the distal member a continually decreasing angle with the axis of the proximal part; -- distinguished from <i>extension</i>.</def>

<h1>Flexor</h1>
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<hw>Flex"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which bends or flexes any part; <as>as, the <ex>flexors</ex> of the arm or the hand</as>; -- opposed to <contr>extensor</contr>.</def>

<h1>Flexuose</h1>
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<hw>Flex"u*ose`</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Flexuous.</def>

<h1>Flexuous</h1>
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<hw>Flex"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flexuosus</ets>, fr. <ets>flexus</ets> a bending, turning.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having turns, windings, or flexures.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having alternate curvatures in opposite directions; bent in a zigzag manner.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Wavering; not steady; flickering.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Flexural</h1>
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<hw>Flex"u*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Flexure</er>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resulting from, flexure; of the nature of, or characterized by, flexure; <as>as, <ex>flexural</ex> elasticity</as>.</def>

<h1>Flexure</h1>
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<hw>Flex"ure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flexura</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of flexing or bending; a turning or curving; flexion; hence, obsequious bowing or bending.</def>

<blockquote>Will it give place to <b>flexure</b> and low bending?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A turn; a bend; a fold; a curve.</def>

<blockquote>Varying with the <b>flexures</b> of the valley through which it meandered.
<i>British Quart. Rev.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The last joint, or bend, of the wing of a bird.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The small distortion of an astronomical instrument caused by the weight of its parts; the amount to be added or substracted from the observed readings of the instrument to correct them for this distortion.</def>

<cs><col>The flexure of a curve</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the bending of a curve towards or from a straight line.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flibbergib</h1>
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<hw>Flib"ber*gib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sycophant.</def> <mark>[Obs. & Humorous.]</mark> "Flatterers and <i>flibbergibs</i>."

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Flibbertigibbet</h1>
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<hw>Flib"ber*ti*gib`bet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An imp.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Flibustier</h1>
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<hw>Fli`bus`tier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A buccaneer; an American pirate. See <er>Flibuster</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Flick</h1>
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<hw>Flick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flicked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flicking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <ets>Flicker</ets>.]</ety> <def>To whip lightly or with a quick jerk; to flap; <as>as, to <ex>flick</ex> a horse; to <ex>flick</ex> the dirt from boots.</as></def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Flick</h1>
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<hw>Flick</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flitch; <as>as, a <ex>flick</ex> of bacon</as>.</def>

<h1>Flicker</h1>
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<hw>Flick"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flickered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flickering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>flikeren</ets>, <ets>flekeren</ets>, to flutter, AS. <ets>flicerian</ets>, <ets>flicorian</ets>, cf. D. <ets>flikkeren</ets> to sparkle. <?/ 84. Cf. <ets>Flacker</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To flutter; to flap the wings without flying.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>flickering</b> on her nest made short essays to sing.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To waver unsteadily, like a flame in a current of air, or when about to expire; <as>as, the <ex>flickering</ex> light</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The shadows <b>flicker</b> to fro.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flicker</h1>
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<hw>Flick"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of wavering or of fluttering; flucuation; sudden and brief increase of brightness; <as>as, the last <ex>flicker</ex> of the dying flame</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The golden-winged woodpecker (<spn>Colaptes aurutus</spn>); -- so called from its spring note. Called also <altname>yellow-hammer</altname>, <altname>high-holder</altname>, <altname>pigeon woodpecker</altname>, and <altname>yucca</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>The cackle of the <b>flicker</b> among the oaks.
<i>Thoureau.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flickeringly</h1>
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<hw>Flick"ering*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a flickering manner.</def>

<h1>Flickermouse</h1>
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<hw>Flick"er*mouse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Flittermouse</er>.</def>

<h1>Flidge</h1>
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<hw>Flidge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fledged; fledge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Flidge</h1>
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<hw>Flidge</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become fledged; to fledge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Every day build their nests, every hour <b>flidge</b>.
<i>R. Greene.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flier</h1>
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<hw>Fli"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Form <er>Fly</er>, <ets>v</ets>.; <ets>cf</ets>. <er>Flyer</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who flies or flees; a runaway; a fugitive.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A fly. See <er>Fly</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 9, and 13 <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Spinning)</fld> <def>See <er>Flyer</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Flyer</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<h1>Flight</h1>
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<hw>Flight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fliht</ets>, <ets>flyht</ets>, a flying, fr. <ets>fle\'a2gan</ets> to fly; cf. <ets>flyht</ets> a fleeing, fr. <ets>fle\'a2n</ets> to flee, G. <ets>flucht</ets> a fleeing, Sw. <ets>flykt</ets>, G. <ets>flug</ets> a flying, Sw. <ets>flygt</ets>, D. <ets>vlugt</ets> a fleeing or flying, Dan. <ets>flugt</ets>. &root;84. See <er>Flee</er>, <er>Fly</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or flying; a passing through the air by the help of wings; volitation; mode or style of flying.</def>

<blockquote>Like the night owl's lazy <b>flight</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of fleeing; the act of running away, to escape or expected evil; hasty departure.</def>

<blockquote>Pray ye that your <b>flight</b> be not in the winter.
<i>Matt. xxiv. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fain by <b>flight</b> to save themselves.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lofty elevation and excursion;a mounting; a soa<?/ing; <as>as, a <ex>flight</ex> of imagination, ambition, folly</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Could he have kept his spirit to that <b>flight</b>,
<b>He had been happy</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His highest <b>flights</b> were indeed far below those of Taylor.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A number of beings or things passing through the air together; especially, a flock of birds flying in company; the birds that fly or migrate together; the birds produced in one season; <as>as, a <ex>flight</ex> of arrows</as>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<blockquote>Swift <b>flights</b> of angels ministrant.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Like a <b>flight</b> of fowl
Scattered winds and tempestuous gusts.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A series of steps or stairs from one landing to another.</def>

<i>Parker.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A kind of arrow for the longbow; also, the sport of shooting with it. See <er>Shaft</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Challenged Cupid at the <b>flight</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Not a <b>flight</b> drawn home
E'er made that haste that they have.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The husk or glume of oats.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>
<-- 8. a trip made by or in a flying vehicle, as an airplane, spacecraft, or aeronautical balloon.  9. A scheduled flight{8} -- <col>to take a flight{9}. -->

<cs><col>Flight feathers</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the wing feathers of a bird, including the quills, coverts, and bastard wing. See <er>Bird</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To put to flight</col>, <col>To turn to flight</col></mcol>, <cd>to compel to run away; to force to flee; to rout.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Pair; set. See <er>Pair</er>.</syn>

<h1>Flighted</h1>
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<hw>Flight"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Taking flight; flying; -- used in composition.</def> "Drowsy-<i>flighted</i> steeds."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Feathered; -- said of arrows.</def>

<h1>Flighter</h1>
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<hw>Flight"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Brewing)</fld> <def>A horizontal vane revolving over the surface of wort in a cooler, to produce a circular current in the liquor.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Flightily</h1>
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<hw>Flight"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a flighty manner.</def>

<h1>Flightiness</h1>
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<hw>Flight"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being flighty.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>flightness</b> of her temper.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Levity; giddiness; volatility; lightness; wildness; eccentricity. See <er>Levity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Flight-shot</h1>
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<hw>Flight"-shot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The distance to which an arrow or flight may be shot; bowshot, -- about the fifth of a mile.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>Within a <b>flight-shot</b> it inthe valley.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Half a <b>flight-shot</b> from the king's oak.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flighty</h1>
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<hw>Flight"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fleeting; swift; transient.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>flighty</b> purpose never is o'ertook,
Unless the deed go with it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Indulging in flights, or wild and unrestrained sallies, of imagination, humor, caprice, etc.; given to disorder<?/ fancies and extravagant conduct; volatile <?/ giddy; eccentric; slighty delirious.</def>

<blockquote>Proofs of my <b>flighty</b> and paradoxical turn of mind.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A harsh disciplinarian and a <b>flighty</b> enthusiast.
<i>J. S. Har<?/ord.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flimflam</h1>
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<hw>Flim"flam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Flam</er>.]</ety> <def>A freak; a trick; a lie.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Flimsily</h1>
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<hw>Flim"si*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a flimsy manner.</def>

<h1>Flimsiness</h1>
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<hw>Flim"si*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being flimsy.</def>

<h1>Flimsy</h1>
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<hw>Flim"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Flimsier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Flimsiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>llumsi</ets> naked, bare, empty, slouggish, spiritless. Cf. <er>Limsy</er>.]</ety> <def>Weak; feeble; limp; slight; vain; without strength or solidity; of loose and unsubstantial structure; without reason or <i>plausibility</i>; <i>as</i>, <i>a flimsy</i> argument, excuse, objection.</def>

<blockquote>Proud of a vast extent of <b>flimsy</b> lines.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All the <b>flimsy</b> furniture of a country miss's brain.
<i>Sheridan.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Weak; feeble; superficial; shallow; vain.</syn>

<h1>Flimsy</h1>
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<hw>Flim"sy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Thin or transfer paper.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bank note.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Flinch</h1>
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<hw>Flinch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flinched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flinching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. fr. OE. <ets>flecchen</ets> to waver, give way, F. <ets>fl\'82chir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>flectere</ets> to bend; but prob. influenced by E. <ets>blench</ets>. Cf. <er>Flex</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To withdraw from any suffering or undertaking, from pain or danger; to fail in doing or perserving; to show signs of yielding or of suffering; to shrink; to wince; <as>as, one of the parties <ex>flinched</ex> from the combat</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A child, by a constant course of kindness, may be accustomed to bear very rough usage without <b>flinching</b> or complaining.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Croquet)</fld> <def>To let the foot slip from a ball, when attempting to give a tight croquet.</def>

<h1>Flinch</h1>
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<hw>Flinch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of flinching.</def>

<h1>Flincher</h1>
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<hw>Flinch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>One who flinches or fails.</def>

<h1>Flinchingly</h1>
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<hw>Flinch"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a flinching manner.</def>

<h1>Flindermouse</h1>
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<hw>Flin"der*mouse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[OE. <ets>vlindre</ets> moth (cf. D. <ets>vlinder</ets> butterfly) + E. <ets>mouse</ets>. Cf. <er>Flittermouse</er>, <er>Flinders</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bat; a flittermouse.</def>

<h1>Flinders</h1>
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<hw>Flin"ders</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>flenders</ets>, <ets>flendris</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>flutter</ets>; cf. D. <ets>flenters</ets> rags, broken pieces.]</ety> <def>Small pieces or splinters; fragments.</def>

<blockquote>The tough ash spear, so stout and true,
Into a thousand <b>flinders</b> flew.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fling</h1>
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<hw>Fling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flung</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flinging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>flingen</ets>, <ets>flengen</ets>, to rush, hurl; cf. Icel. <ets>flengia</ets> to whip, ride furiously, OSw. <ets>flenga</ets> to strike, Sw. <ets>fl\'84nga</ets> to romp, Dan. <ets>flenge</ets> to slash.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cast, send, to throw from the hand; to hurl; to dart; to emit with violence as if thrown from the hand; <as>as, to <ex>fing</ex> a stone into the pond</as>.</def>

<blockquote>'T is Fate that <b>flings</b> the dice: and, as she <b>flings</b>,
Of kings makes peasants, and of peasants kings.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He . . . like Jove, his lighting <b>flung</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I know thy generous temper well.
<b>Fling</b> but the appearance of dishonor on it,
It straight takes fire.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To shed forth; to emit; to scatter.</def>

<blockquote>The sun begins to <b>fling</b>
His flaring beams.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Every beam new transient colors <b>flings</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To throw; to hurl; to throw off or down; to prostrate; hence, to baffle; to defeat; <as>as, to <ex>fling</ex> a party in litigation</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His horse started, <b>flung</b> him, and fell upon him.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="571">
Page 571<p>

<cs><col>To fling about</col>, <cd>to throw on all sides; to scatter.</cd> -- <col>To fling away</col>, <cd>to reject; to discard.</cd>

<blockquote>Cromwell, I charge thee, <b>fling away</b> ambition.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

--<col>To fling down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To throw to the ground; esp., to throw in defiance, as formerly knights cast a glove into the arena as a challenge.</cd>

<blockquote>This question so <b>flung down</b> before the guests, . . .
Was handed over by consent of all
To me who had not spoken.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To overturn; to demolish; to ruin.</cd> -- <col>To fling in</col>, <cd>to throw in; not to charge in an account; as, in settling accounts, one party <i>flings in</i> a small sum, or a few days' work.</cd> -- <col>To fling off</col>, <cd>to baffle in the chase; to defeat of prey; also, to get rid of.</cd> <i>Addison.</i> -- <col>To fling open</col>, <cd>to throw open; to open suddenly or with violence; as, <i>to fling open<i> a door.</cd> -- <col>To fling out</col>, <cd>to utter; to speak in an abrupt or harsh manner; as, <i>to fling out<i> hard words against another.</cd> -- <col>To fling up</col>, <cd>to relinquish; to abandon; as, <i>to fling up<i> a design.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fling</h1>
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<hw>Fling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw; to wince; to flounce; <as>as, the horse began to kick and <ex>fling</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cast in the teeth; to utter abusive language; to sneer; <as>as, the scold began to flout and <ex>fling</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To throw one's self in a violent or hasty manner; to rush or spring with violence or haste.</def>

<blockquote>And crop-full, out of doors he <b>flings</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>flung</b> closer to his breast,
As sword that, after battle, <b>flings</b> to sheath.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To fling out</col>, <cd>to become ugly and intractable; to utter sneers and insinuations.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fling</h1>
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<hw>Fling</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cast from the hand; a throw; also, a flounce; a kick; <as>as, the <ex>fling</ex> of a horse</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A severe or contemptuous remark; an expression of sarcastic scorn; a gibe; a sarcasm.</def>

<blockquote>I, who love to have a <b>fling</b>,
Both at senate house and king.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of dance; <as>as, the Highland <ex>fling</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A trifing matter; an object of contempt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>England were but a <b>fling</b>
Save for the crooked stick and the gray goose wing.
<i>Old Proverb.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To have one's fling</col>, <cd>to enjoy one's self to the full; to have a season of dissipation.</cd> <i>J. H. Newman.</i> "When I was as young as you, I <i>had my fling</i>. I led a life of pleasure." <i>D. Jerrold.</i></cs>

<h1>Flingdust</h1>
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<hw>Fling"dust`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who kicks up the dust; a streetwalker; a low manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Flinger</h1>
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<hw>Fling"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who flings; one who jeers.</def>

<h1>Flint</h1>
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<hw>Flint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>flint</ets>, akin to Sw. <ets>flinta</ets>, Dan. <ets>flint</ets>; cf. OHG. <ets>flins</ets> flint, G. <ets>flinte</ets> gun (cf. E. <ets>flint</ets>lock), perh. akin to Gr. <?/ brick. Cf. <er>Plinth</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A massive, somewhat impure variety of quartz, in color usually of a gray to brown or nearly black, breaking with a conchoidal fracture and sharp edge. It is very hard, and strikes fire with steel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of flint for striking fire; -- formerly much used, esp. in the hammers of gun locks.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything extremely hard, unimpressible, and unyielding, like flint.</def> "A heart of <i>flint</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<cs><col>Flint age</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Stone age</cref>, under <er>Stone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flint brick</col>, <cd>a fire made principially of powdered silex.</cd> -- <col>Flint glass</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Flint implements</col> <fld>(Arch\'91ol.)</fld>, <cd>tools, etc., employed by men before the use of metals, such as axes, arrows, spears, knives, wedges, etc., which were commonly made of flint, but also of granite, jade, jasper, and other hard stones.</cd> -- <col>Flint mill</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Pottery)</fld> <cd>A mill in which flints are ground.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <cd>An obsolete appliance for lighting the miner at his work, in which flints on a revolving wheel were made to produce a shower of sparks, which gave light, but did not inflame the fire damp.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>Flint stone</col>, <cd>a hard, siliceous stone; a flint.</cd> -- <col>Flint wall</col>, <cd>a kind of wall, common in England, on the face of which are exposed the black surfaces of broken flints set in the mortar, with quions of masonry.</cd> -- <col>Liquor of flints</col>, <cd>a solution of silica, or flints, in potash.</cd> -- <col>To skin a flint</col>, <cd>to be capable of, or guilty of, any expedient or any meanness for making money. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Flint glass</h1>
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<hw>Flint" glass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A soft, heavy, brilliant glass, consisting essentially of a silicate of lead and potassium. It is used for tableware, and for optical instruments, as prisms, its density giving a high degree of dispersive power; -- so called, because formerly the silica was obtained from pulverized flints. Called also <altname>crystal glass</altname>. Cf. <er>Glass</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The concave or diverging half on an achromatic lens is usually made of <i>flint glass</i>.</note>

<h1>Flint-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Flint"-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hard-hearted.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Flintiness</h1>
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<hw>Flint"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being flinty; hardness; cruelty.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Flintlock</h1>
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<hw>Flint"lock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A lock for a gun or pistol, having a flint fixed in the hammer, which on stricking the steel ignites the priming.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hand firearm fitted with a flintlock; esp., the old-fashioned musket of European and other armies.</def>

<h1>Flintware</h1>
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<hw>Flint"ware`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A superior kind of earthenware into whose composition flint enters largely.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Flintwood</h1>
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<hw>Flint"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An Australian name for the very hard wood of the <spn>Eucalyptus piluralis</spn>.</def>

<h1>Flinty</h1>
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<hw>Flint"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Flintier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Flintiest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Consisting of, composed of, abounding in, or resembling, flint; <as>as, a <ex>flinty</ex> rock; <ex>flinty</ex> ground; a <ex>flinty</ex> heart.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Flinty rock</col><???/, &or; <col>Flinty state</col></mcol>, <cd>a siliceous slate; -- basanite is here included. See <er>Basanite</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flip</h1>
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<hw>Flip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E. <ets>flip</ets> nimble, flippant, also, a slight blow. Cf. <er>Flippant</er>.]</ety> <def>A mixture of beer, spirit, etc., stirred and heated by a hot iron.</def>

<cs><col>Flip dog</col>, <cd>an iron used, when heated, to warm flip.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flip</h1>
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<hw>Flip</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flipped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flipping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To toss or fillip; <as>as, to <ex>flip</ex> up a cent</as>.</def>

<blockquote>As when your little ones
Do 'twixt their fingers <b>flip</b> their cherry stones.
<i>W. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flipe</h1>
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<hw>Flipe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To turn inside out, or with the leg part back over the foot, as a stocking in pulling off or for putting on.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Flip-flap</h1>
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<hw>Flip"-flap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Flip</er>, and <er>Flap</er>.]</ety> <def>The repeated stroke of something long and loose.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Flip-flap</h1>
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<hw>Flip"-flap`</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With repeated strokes and noise, as of something long and loose.</def>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Flippancy</h1>
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<hw>Flip"pan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[See <er>Flippant</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being flippant.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>flippancy</b> of language.
<i>Bp. Hurd.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flippant</h1>
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<hw>Flip"pant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>flip</ets> to move nimbly; cf. W. <ets>llipa</ets> soft, limber, pliant, or Icel. <ets>fleipa</ets> to babble, prattle. Cf. <er>Flip</er>, <er>Fillip</er>, <er>Flap</er>, <er>Flipper</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of smooth, fluent, and rapid speech; speaking with ease and rapidity; having a voluble tongue; talkative.</def>

<blockquote>It becometh good men, in such cases, to be <b>flippant</b> and free in their speech.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Speaking fluently and confidently, without knowledge or consideration; empty; trifling; inconsederate; pert; petulant.</def> "<i>Flippant</i> epilogous."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<blockquote>To put <b>flippant</b> scorn to the blush.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A sort of <b>flippant</b>, vain discourse.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flippant</h1>
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<hw>Flip"pant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flippant person.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Flippantly</h1>
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<hw>Flip"pant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a flippant manner.</def>

<h1>Flippantness</h1>
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<hw>Flip"pant*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or quality of being flippant.</def>

<h1>Flipper</h1>
<Xpage=571>

<hw>Flip"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Flip</er>, <er>Flippant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A broad flat limb used for swimming, as those of seals, sea turtles, whales, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The hand.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Flirt</h1>
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<hw>Flirt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flirted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flirting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>fleard</ets> trifle, folly, <ets>fleardian</ets> to trifle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw with a jerk or quick effort; to fling suddenly; <as>as, they <ex>flirt</ex> water in each other's faces; he <ex>flirted</ex> a glove, or a handkerchief.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To toss or throw about; to move playfully to and fro; <as>as, to <ex>flirt</ex> a fan</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To jeer at; to treat with contempt; to mock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I am ashamed; I am scorned; I am <b>flirted</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flirt</h1>
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<hw>Flirt</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To run and dart about; to act with giddiness, or from a desire to attract notice; especially, to play the coquette; to play at courtship; to coquet; <as>as, they <ex>flirt</ex> with the young men</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To utter contemptious language, with an air of disdain; to jeer or gibe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Flirt</h1>
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<hw>Flirt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden jerk; a quick throw or cast; a darting motion; hence, a jeer.</def>

<blockquote>Several little <b>flirts</b> and vibrations.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With many a <b>flirt</b> and flutter.
<i>E. A. Poe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. LG. <ets>flirtje</ets>, G. <ets>flirtchen</ets>. See <er>Flirt</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>One who flirts; esp., a woman who acts with giddiness, or plays at courtship; a coquette; a pert girl.</def>

<blockquote>Several young <b>flirts</b> about town had a design to cast us out of the fashionable world.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flirt</h1>
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<hw>Flirt</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pert; wanton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Flirtation</h1>
<Xpage=571>

<hw>Flir*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Playing at courtship; coquerty.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>flirtations</b> and jealousies of our ball rooms.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flirt-gill</h1>
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<hw>Flirt"-gill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman of light behavior; a gill-flirt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>You heard him take me up like a <b>flirt-gill</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flirtigig</h1>
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<hw>Flirt"i*gig</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wanton, pert girl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Flirtingly</h1>
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<hw>Flirt"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a flirting manner.</def>

<h1>Flisk</h1>
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<hw>Flisk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To frisk; to skip; to caper.</def> <mark>[Obs. Scot.]</mark> "The <i>flisking</i> flies."

<i>Gosson.</i>

<h1>Flisk</h1>
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<hw>Flisk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A caper; a spring; a whim.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Flit</h1>
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<hw>Flit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flitted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flitting</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>flitten</ets>, <ets>flutten</ets>, to carry away; cf. Icel. <ets>flytja</ets>, Sw. <ets>flytta</ets>, Dan. <ets>flytte</ets>. <?/ 84. Cf. <er>Fleet</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move with celerity through the air; to fly away with a rapid motion; to dart along; to fleet; <as>as, a bird <ex>flits</ex> away; a cloud <ex>flits</ex> along.</as></def>

<blockquote>A shadow <b>flits</b> before me.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To flutter; to rove on the wing.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pass rapidly, as a light substance, from one place to another; to remove; to migrate.</def>

<blockquote>It became a received opinion, that the souls of men, departing this life, did <b>flit</b> out of one body into some other.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To remove from one place or habitation to another.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright. Jamieson.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To be unstable; to be easily or often moved.</def>

<blockquote>And the free soul to <b>flitting</b> air resigned.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flit</h1>
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<hw>Flit</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Nimble; quick; swift. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Fleet</er>.</def>

<h1>Flitch</h1>
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<hw>Flitch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Flitches</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>flicche</ets>, <ets>flikke</ets>, AS. <ets>flicce</ets>, akin to Icel. <ets>flikki</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>fl\'c6k</ets> flap, tatter; perh. akin to E. <ets>fleck</ets>. Cf. <er>Flick</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The side of a hog salted and cured; a side of bacon.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of several planks, smaller timbers, or iron plates, which are secured together, side by side, to make a large girder or built beam.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The outside piece of a sawed log; a slab.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Flite</h1>
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<hw>Flite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fl\'c6tan</ets> to strive, contend, quarrel; akin to G. <ets>fleiss</ets> industry.]</ety> <def>To scold; to quarrel.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Grose.</i>

<h1>Flitter</h1>
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<hw>Flit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To flutter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Flitter</h1>
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<hw>Flit"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To flutter; to move quickly; <as>as, to <ex>flitter</ex> the cards</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Flitter</h1>
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<hw>Flit"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>flitter</ets> spangle, tinsel, <ets>flittern</ets> to make a tremulous motion, to glitter. Cf. <er>Flitter</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>A rag; a tatter; a small piece or fragment.</def>

<h1>Flittermouse</h1>
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<hw>Flit"ter*mouse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Flitter</ets>, v.i. + <ets>mouse</ets>; cf. G. <ets>fledermaus</ets>, OHG. <ets>fledarm<?/s</ets>.  Cf. <er>Flickermouse</er>, <er>Flindermouse</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bat; -- called also <altname>flickermouse</altname>, <altname>flindermouse</altname>, and <altname>flintymouse</altname>.</def>

<h1>Flittern</h1>
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<hw>Flit"tern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>A term applied to the bark obtained from young oak trees.</def>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<h1>Flittiness</h1>
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<hw>Flit"ti*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Flitty</er>.]</ety> <def>Unsteadiness; levity; lightness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hopkins.</i>

<h1>Flitting</h1>
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<hw>Flit"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A flying with lightness and celerity; a fluttering.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A removal from one habitation to another.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>A neighbor had lent his cart for the <b>flitting</b>, and it was now standing loaded at the door, ready to move away.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flittingly</h1>
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<hw>Flit"ting*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt><def>In a flitting manner.</def>

<h1>Flitty</h1>
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<hw>Flit"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Flit</er>.]</ety> <def>Unstable; fluttering.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Flix</h1>
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<hw>Flix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Flax</er>.]</ety> <def>Down; fur.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Eng.]</mark>

<i>J. Dyer.</i>

<h1>Flix</h1>
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<hw>Flix</hw>, <tt>n.</tt><def>The flux; dysentery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<cs><col>Flix weed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the <spn>Sisymbrium Sophia</spn>, a kind of hedge mustard, formerly used as a remedy for dysentery.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flo</h1>
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<hw>Flo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Flon</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>fl\'be</ets>, <ets>fl\'ben</ets>.]</ety> <def>An arrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Float</h1>
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<hw>Float</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[OE. <ets>flote</ets> ship, boat, fleet, AS. <ets>flota</ets> ship, fr. <ets>fle\'a2tan</ets> to float; akin to D. <ets>vloot</ets> fleet, G. <ets>floss</ets> raft, Icel. <ets>floti</ets> float, raft, fleet, Sw. <ets>flotta</ets>. &root; 84. See <er>Fleet</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and cf. <er>Flotilla</er>, <er>Flotsam</er>, <er>Plover</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything which floats or rests on the surface of a fluid, as to sustain weight, or to indicate the height of the surface, or mark the place of, something</def>. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mass of timber or boards fastened together, and conveyed down a stream by the current; a raft</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The hollow, metallic ball of a self-acting faucet, which floats upon the water in a cistern or boiler</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The cork or quill used in angling, to support the bait line, and indicate the bite of a fish</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Anything used to buoy up whatever is liable to sink; an inflated bag or pillow used by persons learning to swim; a life preserver.</def>

<blockquote>This reform bill . . . had been used as a <b>float</b> by the conservative ministry.
<i>J. P. Peters.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A float board. See <cref>Float board</cref> (below).</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Tempering)</fld> <def>A contrivance for affording a copious stream of water to the heated surface of an object of large bulk, as an anvil or die.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of flowing; flux; flow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A quantity of earth, eighteen feet square and one foot deep.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Plastering)</fld> <def>The trowel or tool with which the floated coat of plastering is leveled and smoothed.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A polishing block used in marble working; a runner.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A single-cut file for smoothing; a tool used by shoemakers for rasping off pegs inside a shoe.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A coal cart.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>The sea; a wave. See <er>Flote</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Float board</col>, <cd>one of the boards fixed radially to the rim of an undershot water wheel or of a steamer's paddle wheel; -- a vane.</cd> -- <col>Float case</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a caisson used for lifting a ship.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Float</col> <col>copper &or; gold</col></mcol> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>fine particles of metallic copper or of gold suspended in water, and thus liable to be lost.</cd> -- <col>Float ore</col>, <cd>water-worn particles of ore; fragments of vein material found on the surface, away from the vein outcrop.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i> -- <col>Float stone</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a siliceous stone used to rub stonework or brickwork to a smooth surface.</cd> -- <col>Float valve</col>, <cd>a valve or cock acted upon by a float. See <er>Float</er>, 1 (<it>b<it>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Float</h1>
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<hw>Float</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Floated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Floating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>flotien</ets>, <ets>flotten</ets>, AS. <ets>flotian</ets> to float, swim, fr. <ets>fle\'a2tan</ets>. See <er>Float</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rest on the surface of any fluid; to swim; to be buoyed up.</def>

<blockquote>The ark no more now <b>floats</b>, but seems on ground.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Three blustering nights, borne by the southern blast,
I <b>floated</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move quietly or gently on the water, as a raft; to drift along; to move or glide without effort or impulse on the surface of a fluid, or through the air.</def>

<blockquote>They stretch their broad plumes and <b>float</b> upon the wind.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There seems a <b>floating</b> whisper on the hills.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Float</h1>
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<hw>Float</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to float; to cause to rest or move on the surface of a fluid; <as>as, the tide <ex>floated</ex> the ship into the harbor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Had <b>floated</b> that bell on the Inchcape rock.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To flood; to overflow; to cover with water.</def>

<blockquote>Proud Pactolus <b>floats</b> the fruitful lands.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Plastering)</fld> <def>To pass over and level the surface of with a float while the plastering is kept wet.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To support and sustain the credit of, as a commercial scheme or a joint-stock company, so as to enable <?/ it to go into, or continue in, operation.</def>

<h1>Floatable</h1>
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<hw>Float"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be floated.</def>

<h1>Floatage</h1>
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<hw>Float"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Flotage</er>.</def>

<h1>Floatation</h1>
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<hw>Float*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>See <er>Flotation</er>.</def>

<h1>Floater</h1>
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<hw>Float"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who floats or swims.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A float for indicating the height of a liquid surface.</def>

<h1>Floating</h1>
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<hw>Float"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Buoyed upon or in a fluid; a, the <i>floating</i> timbers of a wreck; <i>floating</i> motes in the air.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free or lose from the usual attachment; <as>as, the <ex>floating</ex> ribs in man and some other animals</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not funded; not fixed, invested, or determined; <as>as, <ex>floating</ex> capital; a <ex>floating</ex> debt.</as></def>

<blockquote>Trade was at an end. <b>Floating</b> capital had been withdrawn in great masses from the island.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Floating anchor</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a drag or sea anchor; drag sail.</cd> -- <col>Floating battery</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a battery erected on rafts or the hulls of ships, chiefly for the defense of a coast or the bombardment of a place.</cd> -- <col>Floating bridge</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A bridge consisting of rafts or timber, with a floor of plank, supported wholly by the water; a bateau bridge.</cd> See <er>Bateau</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>A kind of double bridge, the upper one projecting beyond the lower one, and capable of being moved forward by pulleys; -- used for carrying troops over narrow moats in attacking the outworks of a fort.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A kind of ferryboat which is guided and impelled by means of chains which are anchored on each side of a stream, and pass over wheels on the vessel, the wheels being driven by stream power.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>The landing platform of a ferry dock.</cd> -- <col>Floating cartilage</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a cartilage which moves freely in the cavity of a joint, and often interferes with the functions of the latter.</cd> -- <col>Floating dam</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An anchored dam.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A caisson used as a gate for a dry dock.</cd> -- <col>Floating derrick</col>, <cd>a derrick on a float for river and harbor use, in raising vessels, moving stone for harbor improvements, etc.</cd> -- <col>Floating dock</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Dock</er>.</cd> -- <col>Floating harbor</col>, <cd>a breakwater of cages or booms, anchored and fastened together, and used as a protection to ships riding at anchor to leeward.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>Floating heart</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small aquatic plant (<spn>Limnanthemum lacunosum</spn>) whose heart-shaped leaves float on the water of American ponds.</cd> -- <col>Floating island</col>, <cd>a dish for dessert, consisting of custard with floating masses of whipped cream or white of eggs.</cd> -- <col>Floating kidney</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Wandering kidney</cref>, under <er>Wandering</er>.</cd> -- <col>Floating light</col>, <cd>a light shown at the masthead of a vessel moored over sunken rocks, shoals, etc., to warn mariners of danger; a light-ship; also, a light erected on a buoy or floating stage.</cd> -- <col>Floating liver</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Wandering liver</cref>, under <er>Wandering</er>.</cd> -- <col>Floating pier</col>, <cd>a landing stage or pier which rises and falls with the tide.</cd> -- <col>Floating ribs</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the lower or posterior ribs which are not connected with the others in front; in man they are the last two pairs.</cd> -- <col>Floating screed</col> <fld>(Plastering)</fld>, <cd>a strip of plastering first laid on, to serve as a guide for the thickness of the coat.</cd> -- <col>Floating threads</col> <fld>(Weaving)</fld>, <cd>threads which span several other threads without being interwoven with them, in a woven fabric.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="572">
Page 572<p>

<h1>Floating</h1>
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<hw>Float"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>Floating threads. See <cref>Floating threads</cref>, above.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The second coat of three-coat plastering.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Floatingly</h1>
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<hw>Float"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a floating manner.</def>

<h1>Floaty</h1>
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<hw>Float"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Swimming on the surface; buoyant; light.</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Flobert</h1>
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<hw>Flo"bert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A small cartridge designed for target shooting; -- sometimes called <altname>ball cap</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Flobert rifle</col>, <cd>a rifle adapted to the use of floberts.</cd></cs>

<h1>Floccillation</h1>
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<hw>Floc`cil*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>floccus</ets> a flock of wool. Cf. <er>Flock</er> of wool.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A delirious picking of bedclothes by a sick person, as if to pick off flocks of wool; carphology; -- an alarming symptom in acute diseases.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Floc/cose</h1>
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<hw>Floc/cose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>floccosus</ets>. Cf. 2d <er>Flock</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Spotted with small tufts like wool.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having tufts of soft hairs, which are often deciduous.</def>

<h1>Floccular</h1>
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<hw>Floc"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the flocculus.</def>

<h1>Flocculate</h1>
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<hw>Floc"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flocculated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flocculating</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>To aggregate into small lumps.</def>

<h1>Flocculate</h1>
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<hw>Floc"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Furnished with tufts of curly hairs, as some insects.</def>

<h1>Flocculation</h1>
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<hw>Floc`cu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The process by which small particles of fine soils and sediments aggregate into larger lumps.</def>

<h1>Flocculence</h1>
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<hw>Floc"cu*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being flocculent.</def>

<h1>Flocculent</h1>
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<hw>Floc"cu*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Flock</er> of wool.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Clothed with small flocks or flakes; woolly.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Applied to the down of newly hatched or unfledged birds.</def>

<h1>Flocculus</h1>
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<hw>Floc"cu*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Flocculi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>floccus</ets> a lock or flock of wool.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A small lobe in the under surface of the cerebellum, near the middle peduncle; the subpeduncular lobe.</def>

<h1>Floccus</h1>
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<hw>Floc"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Flocci</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a flock of wool.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The tuft of hair terminating the tail of mammals</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tuft of feathers on the head of young birds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A woolly filament sometimes occuring with the sporules of certain fungi.</def>

<h1>Flock</h1>
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<hw>Flock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>flocc</ets> flock, company; akin to Icel. <ets>flokkr</ets> crowd, Sw. <ets>flock</ets>, Dan. <ets>flok</ets>; prob. orig. used of flows, and akin to E. <ets>fly</ets>. See <er>Fly</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A company or collection of living creatures; -- especially applied to sheep and birds, rarely to persons or (except in the plural) to cattle and other large animals; <as>as, a <ex>flock</ex> of ravenous fowl</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The heathen . . . came to Nicanor by <b>flocks</b>.
<i>2 Macc. xiv. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Christian church or congregation; considered in their relation to the pastor, or minister in charge.</def>

<blockquote>As half amazed, half frighted all his <b>flock</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flock</h1>
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<hw>Flock</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flocked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flocking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To gather in companies or crowds.</def>

<blockquote>Friends daily <b>flock</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Flocking fowl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the greater scaup duck.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flock</h1>
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<hw>Flock</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To flock to; to crowd.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Good fellows, trooping, <b>flocked</b> me so.
<i>Taylor (1609).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flock</h1>
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<hw>Flock</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>flokke</ets>; cf. D. <ets>vlok</ets>, G. <ets>flocke</ets>, OHG. <ets>floccho</ets>, Icel. <ets>fl<?/ki</ets>, perh. akin to E. <ets>flicker</ets>, <ets>flacker</ets>, or cf. L. <ets>floccus</ets>, F. <ets>floc</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A lock of wool or hair.</def>

<blockquote>I prythee, Tom, beat Cut's saddle, put a few <b>flocks</b> in the point [pommel].
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Woolen or cotton refuse (<tt>sing. &or; pl.</tt>), old rags, etc., reduced to a degree of fineness by machinery, and used for stuffing unpholstered furniture.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Very fine, sifted, woolen refuse, especially that from shearing the nap of cloths, used as a coating for wall paper to give it a velvety or clothlike appearance; also, the dust of vegetable fiber used for a similar purpose.</def>

<cs><col>Flock bed</col>, <cd>a bed filled with flocks or locks of coarse wool, or pieces of cloth cut up fine. "Once a <i>flock bed<i>, but repaired with straw."</cd> <i>Pope.</i> -- <col>Flock paper</col>, <cd>paper coated with flock fixed with glue or size.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flock</h1>
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<hw>Flock</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To coat with flock, as wall paper; to roughen the surface of (as glass) so as to give an appearance of being covered with fine flock.</def>

<h1>Flockling</h1>
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<hw>Flock"ling</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lamb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Brome (1659).</i>

<h1>Flockly</h1>
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<hw>Flock"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In flocks; in crowds.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Flockmel</h1>
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<hw>Flock"mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>flocm<?/lum</ets>. See <er>Meal</er> part.]</ety> <def>In a flock; in a body.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That <b>flockmel</b> on a day they to him went.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flocky</h1>
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<hw>Flock"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding with flocks; floccose.</def>

<h1>Floe</h1>
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<hw>Floe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>flag</ets> af iis, iis<ets>flage</ets>, Sw. <ets>flaga</ets>, <ets>flake</ets>, is<ets>flaga</ets>, is<ets>flake</ets>. See <er>Flag</er> a flat stone.]</ety> <def>A low, flat mass of floating ice.</def>

<cs><col>Floe rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a seal (<spn>Phoca f\'d2tida</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Flog</h1>
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<hw>Flog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flogged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flogging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Scot. <ets>fleg</ets> blow, stroke, kick, AS. <ets>flocan</ets> to strike, or perh. fr. L. <ets>flagellare</ets> to whip. Cf. <er>Flagellate</er>.]</ety> <def>To beat or strike with a rod or whip; to whip; to lash; to chastise with repeated blows.</def>

<h1>Flogger</h1>
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<hw>Flog"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who flogs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of mallet for beating the bung stave of a cask to start the bung.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Flogging</h1>
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<hw>Flog"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>from <er>Flog</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Flogging chisel</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a large cold chisel, used in chipping castings.</cd> -- <col>Flogging hammer</col>, <cd>a small sledge hammer used for striking a flogging chisel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flon</h1>
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<hw>Flon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Flo</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Flong</h1>
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<hw>Flong</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Fling</er>.</def>

<h1>Flood</h1>
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<hw>Flood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>flod</ets> a flowing, stream, flood, AS. <ets>fl&omac;d</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vloed</ets>, OS. <ets>fl&omac;d</ets>, OHG. <ets>fluot</ets>, G. <ets>flut</ets>, Icel. <ets>fl&omac;&edh;</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>flod</ets>, Goth. <ets>fl&omac;dus</ets>; from the root of E. <ets>flow</ets>. &root;80.  See <er>Flow</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A great flow of water; a body of moving water; the flowing stream, as of a river; especially, a body of water, rising, swelling, and overflowing land not usually thus covered; a deluge; a freshet; an inundation.</def>

<blockquote>A covenant never to destroy
The earth again by <b>flood</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The flowing in of the tide; the semidiurnal swell or rise of water in the ocean; -- opposed to <i>ebb</i>; <as>as, young <ex>flood</ex>; high <ex>flood</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>There is a tide in the affairs of men,
Which, taken at the <b>flood</b>, leads on to fortune.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A great flow or stream of any fluid substance; <as>as, a <ex>flood</ex> of light</as>; a <ex>flood</ex> of lava</as>; hence, a great quantity widely diffused; an overflowing; a superabundance; <as>as, a <ex>flood</ex> of bank notes; a <ex>flood</ex> of paper currency.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Menstrual disharge; menses.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<cs><col>Flood anchor</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>, the anchor by which a ship is held while the tide is rising.</cd> -- <col>Flood fence</col>, <cd>a fence so secured that it will not be swept away by a flood.</cd> -- <col>Flood gate</col>, <cd>a gate for shutting out, admitting, or releasing, a body of water; a tide gate.</cd> -- <col>Flood mark</col>, <cd>the mark or line to which the tide, or a flood, rises; high-water mark.</cd> -- <col>Flood tide</col>, <cd>the rising tide; -- opposed to <i>ebb tide<i>.</cd> -- <col>The Flood</col>, <cd>the deluge in the days of Noah.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flood</h1>
<Xpage=572>

<hw>Flood</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flooded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flooding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To overflow; to inundate; to deluge; <as>as, the swollen river <ex>flooded</ex> the valley</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause or permit to be inundated; to fill or cover with water or other fluid; <as>as, to <ex>flood</ex> arable land for irrigation</as>; to fill to excess or to its full capacity; <as>as, to <ex>flood</ex> a country with a depreciated currency</as>.</def>

<h1>Floodage</h1>
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<hw>Flood"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inundation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Flooder</h1>
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<hw>Flood"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who floods anything.</def>

<h1>Flooding</h1>
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<hw>Flood"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The filling or covering with water or other fluid; overflow; inundation; the filling anything to excess.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An abnormal or excessive discharge of blood from the uterus.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Flook</h1>
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<hw>Flook</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fluke of an anchor.</def>

<h1>Flookan, Flukan</h1>
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<hw><hw>Flook"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Flu"kan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>See <er>Flucan</er>.</def>

<h1>Flooky</h1>
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<hw>Flook"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fluky.</def>

<h1>Floor</h1>
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<hw>Floor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fl<?/r</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vloer</ets>, G. <ets>flur</ets> field, floor, entrance hall, Icel. <ets>fl<?/r</ets> floor of a cow stall, cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>lar</ets> floor, ground, earth, W. <ets>llawr</ets>, perh. akin to L. <ets>planus</ets> level. Cf. <er>Plain</er> smooth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The bottom or lower part of any room; the part upon which we stand and upon which the movables in the room are supported.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The structure formed of beams, girders, etc., with proper covering, which divides a building horizontally into stories. <i>Floor</i> in sense 1 is, then, the upper surface of <i>floor</i> in sense 2.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The surface, or the platform, of a structure on which we walk or travel; <as>as, the <ex>floor</ex> of a bridge</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A story of a building. See <er>Story</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Legislative Assemblies)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The part of the house assigned to the members.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The right to speak.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<note>&hand; Instead of <i>he has the floor</i>, the English say, <i>he is in possession of the house</i>.</note>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>That part of the bottom of a vessel on each side of the keelson which is most nearly horizontal.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rock underlying a stratified or nearly horizontal deposit.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A horizontal, flat ore body.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<cs><col>Floor cloth</col>, <cd>a heavy fabric, painted, varnished, or saturated, with waterproof material, for covering floors; oilcloth.</cd> -- <col>Floor cramp</col>, <cd>an implement for tightening the seams of floor boards before nailing them in position.</cd> -- <col>Floor light</col>, <cd>a frame with glass panes in a floor.</cd> -- <col>Floor plan</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <cd>A longitudinal section, showing a ship as divided at the water line.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>A horizontal section, showing the thickness of the walls and partitions, arrangement of passages, apartments, and openings at the level of any floor of a house.</cd></cs>

<h1>Floor</h1>
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<hw>Floor</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Floored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flooring</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover with a floor; to furnish with a floor; <as>as, to <ex>floor</ex> a house with pine boards</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strike down or lay level with the floor; to knock down; hence, to silence by a conclusive answer or retort; <as>as, to <ex>floor</ex> an opponent</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Floored</b> or crushed by him.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To finish or make an end of; <as>as, to <ex>floor</ex> a college examination</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>I've <b>floored</b> my little-go work.
<i>T. Hughes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Floorage</h1>
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<hw>Floor"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Floor space.</def>

<h1>Floorer</h1>
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<hw>Floor"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything that floors or upsets a person, as a blow that knocks him down; a conclusive answer or retort; a task that exceeds one's abilities.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Floorheads</h1>
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<hw>Floor"heads`</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The upper extermities of the floor of a vessel.</def>

<h1>Flooring</h1>
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<hw>Floor"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A platform; the bottom of a room; a floor; pavement. See <er>Floor</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Material for the construction of a floor or floors.</def>

<h1>Floorless</h1>
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<hw>Floor"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no floor.</def>

<h1>Floorwalker</h1>
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<hw>Floor"walk`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who walks about in a large retail store as an overseer and director.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Flop</h1>
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<hw>Flop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flopped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flopping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[A variant of <ets>flap</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To clap or strike, as a bird its wings, a fish its tail, etc.; to flap.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To turn suddenly, as something broad and flat.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Fielding.</i>

<h1>Flop</h1>
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<hw>Flop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike about with something broad abd flat, as a fish with its tail, or a bird with its wings; to rise and fall; <as>as, the brim of a hat <ex>flops</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fall, sink, or throw one's self, heavily, clumsily, and unexpectedly on the ground.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Flop</h1>
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<hw>Flop</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of flopping.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>W. H. Russell.</i>

<h1>Floppy</h1>
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<hw>Flop"py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Having a tendency to flop or flap; <as>as, a <ex>floppy</ex> hat brim</as>.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Flopwing</h1>
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<hw>Flop"wing`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lapwing.</def>

<h1>Flora</h1>
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<hw>Flo"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the goddess of flowers, from <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower. See <er>Flower</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>The goddess of flowers and spring.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The complete system of vegetable species growing without cultivation in a given locality, region, or period; a list or description of, or treatise on, such plants.</def>

<h1>Floral</h1>
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<hw>Flo"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Floralis</ets> belonging to <ets>Flora</ets>: cf. F. <ets>floral</ets>. See <er>Flora</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to Flora, or to flowers; made of flowers; <as>as, <ex>floral</ex> games, wreaths</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Containing, or belonging to, a flower; <as>as, a <ex>floral</ex> bud; a <ex>floral</ex> leaf; <ex>floral</ex> characters.</as></def>

<i>Martyn.</i>

<cs><col>Floral envelope</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the calyx and corolla, one or the other of which (mostly the corolla) may be wanting.</cd></cs>

<h1>Florally</h1>
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<hw>Flo"ral*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a floral manner.</def>

<h1>Floramour</h1>
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<hw>Flo"ra*mour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower + <ets>amor</ets>love.]</ety> <def>The plant love-lies-bleeding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Floran</h1>
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<hw>Flo"ran</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Tin ore scarcely perceptible in the stone; tin ore stamped very fine.</def>

<i>Pryce.</i>

<h1>Flor\'82al</h1>
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<hw>Flo`r\'82al"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>flor\'82al</ets>, fr. L. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower.]</ety> <def>The eight month of the French republican calendar. It began April 20, and ended May 19. See <er>Vend\'82miare</er>.</def>

<h1>Floren</h1>
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<hw>Flor"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>florenus</ets>. See <er>Florin</er>.]</ety> <def>A cerain gold coin; a Florence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Florence</h1>
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<hw>Flor"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the city of <ets>Florence</ets>: cf. F. <ets>florence</ets> a kind of cloth, OF. <ets>florin</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ancient gold coin of the time of Edward III., of six shillings sterling value.</def>

<i>Camden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of cloth.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<cs><col>Florence flask</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flask</er>.</cd> -- <col>Florence oil</col>, <cd>olive oil prepared in Florence.</cd></cs>

<h1>Florentine</h1>
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<hw>Flor"en*tine</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Florentinus</ets>, fr. <ets>Florentia</ets> Florence: cf. F. <ets>florentin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging or relating to Florence, in Italy.</def>

<cs><col>Florentine mosaic</col>, <cd>a mosaic of hard or semiprecious stones, often so chosen and arranged that their natural colors represent leaves, flowers, and the like, inlaid in a background, usually of black or white marble.</cd></cs>

<h1>Florentine</h1>
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<hw>Flor"en*tine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of Florence, a city in Italy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of silk.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of pudding or tart; a kind of meat pie.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Stealing custards, tarts, and <b>florentines</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Florescence</h1>
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<hw>Flo*res"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Florescent</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A bursting into flower; a blossoming.</def>

<i>Martyn.</i>

<h1>Florescent</h1>
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<hw>Flo*res"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>florescens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>florescere</ets> begin to blossom, incho. fr. <ets>florere</ets> to blossom, fr. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower. See <er>Flower</er>.]</ety> <def>Expanding into flowers; blossoming.</def>

<h1>Floret</h1>
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<hw>Flo"ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>florete</ets>, F. <ets>fleurette</ets>, dim. of OF. <ets>lor</ets>, F. <ets>fleur</ets>. See <er>Flower</er>, and cf. <er>Floweret</er>, 3d <er>Ferret</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A little flower; one of the numerous little flowers which compose the head or anthodium in such flowers as the daisy, thistle, and dandelion.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>fleuret</ets>.]</ety> <def>A foil; a blunt sword used in fencing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Floriage</h1>
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<hw>Flo"ri*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>flori<?/</ets>, flower.]</ety> <def>Bloom; blossom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Scott.</i>

<h1>Floriated</h1>
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<hw>Flo"ri*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Having floral ornaments; <as>as, <ex>floriated</ex> capitals of Gothic pillars</as>.</def>

<h1>Floricmous</h1>
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<hw>Flo*ric"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower + <ets>coma</ets> hair.]</ety> <def>Having the head adorned with flowers.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Floricultural</h1>
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<hw>Flo`ri*cul"tur*al</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the cultivation of flowering plants.</def>

<h1>Floriculture</h1>
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<hw>Flo"ri*cul`ture</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 135, 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower + <ets>cultura</ets> culture.]</ety> <def>The cultivation of flowering plants.</def>

<h1>Floriculturist</h1>
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<hw>Flo`ri*cul"tur*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in the cultivation of flowers; a florist.</def>

<h1>Florid</h1>
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<hw>Flor"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>floridus</ets>, fr. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower. See <er>Flower</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Covered with flowers; abounding in flowers; flowery.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Fruit from a pleasant and <b>florid</b> tree.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bright in color; flushed with red; of a lively reddish color; <as>as, a <ex>florid</ex> countenance</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Embellished with flowers of rhetoric; enriched to excess with figures; excessively ornate; <as>as, a <ex>florid</ex> style; <ex>florid</ex> eloquence.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Flowery; ornamental; running in rapid melodic figures, divisions, or passages, as in variations; full of fioriture or little ornamentations.</def>

<h1>Florida bean</h1>
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<hw>Flor"i*da bean"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The large, roundish, flattened seed of <spn>Mucuna urens</spn>. See under <er>Bean</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the very large seeds of the <spn>Entada scandens</spn>.</def>

<h1>Floride\'91</h1>
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<hw>Flo*rid"e*\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, a flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A subclass of alg\'91 including all the red or purplish seaweeds; the <spn>Rhodosperme\'91</spn> of many authors; -- so called from the rosy or florid color of most of the species.</def>

<h1>Floridity</h1>
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<hw>Flo*rid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being florid; floridness.</def>

<i>Floyer.</i>

<h1>Floridly</h1>
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<hw>Flor"id*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a florid manner.</def>

<h1>Floridness</h1>
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<hw>Flor"id*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being florid.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Floriferous</h1>
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<hw>Flo*rif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>florifer</ets>; <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear; cf. F. <ets>florif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing flowers.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<hr>
<page="573">
Page 573<p>

<h1>Florification</h1>
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<hw>Flo`ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>The act, process, or time of flowering; florescence.</def>

<h1>Floriform</h1>
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<hw>Flo"ri*form</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>floriforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a flower; flower-shaped.</def>

<h1>Floriken</h1>
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<hw>Flo"ri*ken</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Indian bustard (<spn>Otis aurita</spn>). The Bengal floriken is <spn>Sypheotides Bengalensis</spn>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>florikan</asp>, <asp>floriken</asp>, <asp>florican</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Florilege</h1>
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<hw>Flo"ri*lege</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>florilegus</ets> flower-culling; <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower + <ets>legere</ets> to gather: cf. F. <ets>floril\'8age</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of gathering flowers.</def>

<h1>Florimer</h1>
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<hw>Flo"ri*mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Floramour</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Florin</h1>
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<hw>Flor"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>florin</ets>, It. <ets>florino</ets>, orig., a Florentine coin, with a lily on it, fr. <ets>flore</ets> a flower, fr. L. <ets>flos</ets>. See <er>Flower</er>, and cf. <er>Floren</er>.]</ety> <def>A silver coin of Florence, first struck in the twelfth century, and noted for its beauty. The name is given to different coins in different countries. The florin of England, first minted in 1849, is worth two shillings, or about 48 cents; the florin of the Netherlands, about 40 cents; of Austria, about 36 cents.</def>

<h1>Florist</h1>
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<hw>Flo"rist</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fleuriste</ets>, <ets>floriste</ets>, fr. F. <ets>fleur</ets> flower. See <er>Flower</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cultivator of, or dealer in, flowers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who writes a flora, or an account of plants.</def>

<h1>Floroon</h1>
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<hw>Flo*roon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fleuron</ets>. See <er>Flower</er>.]</ety> <def>A border worked with flowers.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Florulent</h1>
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<hw>Flor"u*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>florulentus</ets>, fr. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower.]</ety> <def>Flowery; blossoming.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Floscular</h1>
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<hw>Flos"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Flosculous.</def>

<h1>Floscularian</h1>
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<hw>Flos`cu*la"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>flosculus</ets> a floweret.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group of stalked rotifers, having ciliated tentacles around the lobed disk.</def>

<h1>Floscule</h1>
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<hw>Flos*cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flosculus</ets>, dim. of <ets>flos</ets> flower: cf. F. <ets>floscule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A floret.</def>

<h1>Flosculous</h1>
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<hw>Flos"cu*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Consisting of many gamopetalous florets.</def>

<h1>Flos-ferri</h1>
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<hw>Flos`-fer"ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[L., flower of iron.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of aragonite, occuring in delicate white coralloidal forms; -- common in beds of iron ore.</def>

<h1>Flosh</h1>
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<hw>Flosh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>fl\'94sse</ets> a trough in which tin ore is washed.]</ety> <fld>(Metallurgy)</fld> <def>A hopper-shaped box or <?/nortar in which ore is placed for the action of the stamps.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Floss</h1>
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<hw>Floss</hw> <tt>(?; 195)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>floscio</ets> flabby, soft, fr. L. <ets>fluxus</ets> flowing, loose, slack. See <er>Flux</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The slender styles of the pistillate flowers of maize; also called <altname>silk</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Untwisted filaments of silk, used in embroidering.</def>

<cs><col>Floss silk</col>, <cd>silk that has been twisted, and which retains its loose and downy character. It is much used in embroidery. Called also <altname>floxed silk</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Floss thread</col>, <cd>a kind of soft flaxen yarn or thread, used for embroidery; -- called also <altname>linen floss</altname>, and <altname>floss yarn</altname>.</cd></cs>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<h1>Floss</h1>
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<hw>Floss</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>floss</ets> a float.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small stream of water.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fluid glass floating on iron in the puddling furnace, produced by the vitrification of oxides and earths which are present.</def>

<cs><col>Floss hole</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A hole at the back of a puddling furnace, at which the slags pass out.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The tap hole of a melting furnace.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Flossification</h1>
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<hw>Flos`si*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Florification</er>.]</ety> <def>A flowering; florification.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>Flossy</h1>
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<hw>Floss"y</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, made of, or resembling, floss; hence, light; downy.</def>

<h1>Flota</h1>
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<hw>Flo"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. See <er>Flotilla</er>.]</ety> <def>A fleet; especially, a <?/eet of Spanish ships which formerly sailed every year from Cadiz to Vera Cruz, in Mexico, to transport to Spain the production of Spanish America.</def>

<h1>Flotage</h1>
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<hw>Flo"tage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>flotage</ets>, F. <ets>flottage</ets>, fr. <ets>flotter</ets> to float.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of floating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which floats on the sea or in rivers.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>floatage</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Flotant</h1>
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<hw>Flo"tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>flotant</ets>, F. <ets>flottant</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>flotter</ets> to float.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Represented as flying or streaming in the air; <as>as, a banner <ex>flotant</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Flotation</h1>
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<hw>Flo*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>flottation</ets> a floating, <ets>flottaison</ets> water line, fr. <ets>flotter</ets> to float. See <er>Flotilla</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act, process, or state of floating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The science of floating bodies.</def>

<cs><col>Center of flotation</col>. <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The center of any given plane of flotation.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>More commonly, the middle of the length of the load water line.</cd> <i>Rankine.</i> -- <mcol><col>Plane, &or; Line</col>, <col>of flotation</col></mcol>, <cd>the plane or line in which the horizontal surface of a fluid cuts a body floating in it. See <er>Bearing</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 9 (<it>c<it>).</cd> -- <col>Surface of flotation</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>the imaginary surface which all the planes of flotation touch when a vessel rolls or pitches; the envelope of all such planes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flote</h1>
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<hw>Flote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fleet; to skim.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Flote</h1>
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<hw>Flote</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>flot</ets>, L. <ets>fluctus</ets>; also cf. <er>Float</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A wave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The Mediterranean <i>flote</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Flotery</h1>
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<hw>Flot"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wavy; flowing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With <b>flotery</b> beard.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flotilla</h1>
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<hw>Flo*til"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>flotilla</ets>, dim. of <ets>flota</ets> fleet; akin to F. <ets>flotte</ets>, It. <ets>flotta</ets>, and F. <ets>flot</ets> wave, fr. L. <ets>fluctus</ets>, but prob. influenced by words akin to E. <ets>float</ets>. See <er>Fluctuate</er>, and cf. <er>Float</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A little fleet, or a fleet of small vessels.</def>

<h1>Flotsam, Flotson</h1>
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<hw><hw>Flot"sam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Flot"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>flotter</ets> to float. See <er>FFlotilla</er>, and cf. <er>Jetsam</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Goods lost by shipwreck, and floating on the sea; -- in distinction from <i>jetsam</i> or <i>jetson</i>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Flotten</h1>
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<hw>Flot"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <mord>of <er>Flote</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></mord> <def>Skimmed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Flounce</h1>
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<hw>Flounce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flounced</er> <tt>(flounst)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flouncing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OSw. <ets>flunsa</ets> to immerge.]</ety> <def>To throw the limbs and body one way and the other; to spring, turn, or twist with sudden effort or violence; to struggle, as a horse in mire; to flounder; to throw one's self with a jerk or spasm, often as in displeasure.</def>

<blockquote>To flutter and <b>flounce</b> will do nothing but batter and bruise us.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With his broad fins and forky tail he laves
The rising sirge, and <b>flounces</b> in the waves.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flounce</h1>
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<hw>Flounce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of floucing; a sudden, jerking motion of the body.</def>

<h1>Flounce</h1>
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<hw>Flounce</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>flaus</ets>, <ets>flausch</ets>, a tuft of wool or hair; akin to <ets>vliess</ets>, E. <ets>fleece</ets>; or perh. corrupted fr. <ets>rounce</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ornamental appendage to the skirt of a woman's dress, consisting of a strip gathered and sewed on by its upper edge around the skirt, and left hanging.</def>

<h1>Flounce</h1>
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<hw>Flounce</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deck with a flounce or flounces; <as>as, to <ex>flounce</ex> a petticoat or a frock</as>.</def>

<h1>Flounder</h1>
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<hw>Floun"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>flundra</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>flynder</ets>, Icel. <ets>fly<?/ra</ets>, G. <ets>flunder</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>flounder</ets>, v.i.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A flatfish of the family <spn>Pleuronectid\'91</spn>, of many species.</def>

<note>&hand; The common English flounder is <spn>Pleuronectes flesus</spn>. There are several common American species used as food; as the smooth flounder (<spn>P. glabra</spn>); the rough or winter flounder (<spn>P. Americanus</spn>); the summer flounder, or plaice (<spn>Paralichthys dentatus</spn>), Atlantic coast; and the starry flounder (<spn>Pleuronectes stellatus</spn>).</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bootmaking)</fld> <def>A tool used in crimping boot fronts.</def>

<h1>Flounder</h1>
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<hw>Floun"der</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Floundered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Floundering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>flodderen</ets> to flap, splash through mire, E. <ets>flounce</ets>, v.i., and <ets>flounder</ets> the fish.]</ety> <def>To fling the limbs and body, as in making efforts to move; to struggle, as a horse in the mire, or as a fish on land; to roll, toss, and tumble; to flounce.</def>

<blockquote>They have <b>floundered</b> on from blunder to blunder.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flounder</h1>
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<hw>Floun"der</hw>, <tt>n.</tt><def>The act of floundering.</def>

<h1>Flour</h1>
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<hw>Flour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fleur de farine</ets> the flower (<it>i.e.</it>, the best) of meal, cf. Sp. <ets>flor de la harina</ets> superfine flour, Icel. <ets>fl\'81r</ets> flower, flour. See <er>Flower</er>.]</ety> <def>The finely ground meal of wheat, or of any other grain; especially, the finer part of meal separated by bolting; hence, the fine and soft powder of any substance; <as>as, <ex>flour</ex> of emery; <ex>flour</ex> of mustard.</as></def>

<cs><col>Flour bolt</col>, <cd>in milling, a gauze-covered, revolving, cylindrical frame or reel, for sifting the flour from the refuse contained in the meal yielded by the stones.</cd> -- <col>Flour box</col> <cd>a tin box for scattering flour; a dredging box.</cd> -- <col>Flour</col> <col>dredge &or; dredger</col></mcol>, <cd>a flour box.</cd> -- <col>Flour dresser</col>, <cd>a mashine for sorting and distributing flour according to grades of fineness.</cd> -- <col>Flour mill</col>, <cd>a mill for grinding and sifting flour.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flour</h1>
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<hw>Flour</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Floured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flouring</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grind and bolt; to convert into flour; <as>as, to <ex>flour</ex> wheat</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sprinkle with flour.</def>

<h1>Floured</h1>
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<hw>Floured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Finely granulated; -- said of quicksilver which has been granulated by agitation during the amalgamation process.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Flourish</h1>
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<hw>Flour"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flourished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flourishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>florisshen</ets>, <ets>flurisshen</ets>, OF. <ets>flurir</ets>, F. <ets>fleurir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>florere</ets> to bloom, fr. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower. See <er>Flower</er>, and <er>-ish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grow luxuriantly; to increase and enlarge, as a healthy growing plant; a thrive.</def>

<blockquote>A tree thrives and <b>flourishes</b> in a kindly . . . soil.
<i>Bp. Horne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be prosperous; to increase in wealth, honor, comfort, happiness, or whatever is desirable; to thrive; to be prominent and influental; specifically, of authors, painters, etc., to be in a state of activity or production.</def>

<blockquote>When all the workers of iniquity do <b>flourish</b>.
<i>Ps. xcii 7</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Bad men as frequently prosper and <b>flourish</b>, and that by the means of their wickedness.
<i>Nelson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We say
Of those that held their heads above the crowd,
They <b>flourished</b> then or then.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To use florid language; to indulge in rhetorical figures and lofty expressions; to be flowery.</def>

<blockquote>They dilate . . . and <b>flourish</b> long on little incidents.
<i>J. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make bold and sweeping, fanciful, or wanton movements, by way of ornament, parade, bravado, etc.; to play with fantastic and irregular motion.</def>

<blockquote>Impetuous spread
The stream, and smoking <b>flourished</b> o'er his head.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To make ornamental strokes with the pen; to write graceful, decorative figures.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To execute an irregular or fanciful strain of music, by way of ornament or prelude.</def>

<blockquote>Why do the emperor's trumpets <b>flourish</b> thus?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To boast; to vaunt; to brag.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Flourish</h1>
<Xpage=573>

<hw>Flour"ish</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To adorn with flowers orbeautiful figures, either natural or artificial; to ornament with anything showy; to embellish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fenton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To embellish with the flowers of diction; to adorn with rhetorical figures; to grace with ostentatious eloquence; to set off with a parade of words.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sith that the justice of your title to him
Doth <b>flourish</b> the deceit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To move in bold or irregular figures; to swing about in circles or vibrations by way of show or triumph; to brandish.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>flourishes</b> his blade in spite of me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To develop; to make thrive; to expand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Bottoms of thread . . . which with a good needle, perhaps <?/ may be <b>flourished</b> into large works.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flourish</h1>
<Xpage=573>

<hw>Flour"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Flourishes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A flourishing condition; prosperity; vigor.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The Roman monarchy, in her highest <b>flourish</b>, never had the like.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Decoration; ornament; beauty.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>flourish</b> of his sober youth
Was the pride of naked truth.
<i>Crashaw.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Something made or performed in a fanciful, wanton, or vaunting manner, by way of ostentation, to excite admiration, etc.; ostentatious embellishment; ambitious copiousness or amplification; parade of word<?/ and figures; show; <as>as, a <ex>flourish</ex> of rhetoric or of wit</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He lards with <b>flourishes</b> his long harangue.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A fanciful stroke of the pen or graver; a merely decorative figure.</def>

<blockquote>The neat characters and <b>flourishes</b> of a Bible curiously printed.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A fantastic or decorative musical passage; a strain of triumph or bravado, not forming part of a regular musical composition; a cal; a fanfare.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>flourish</b>, trumpets! strike alarum, drums!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The waving of a weapon or other thing; a brandishing; <as>as, the <ex>fluorish</ex> of a sword</as>.</def>

<h1>Flourisher</h1>
<Xpage=573>

<hw>Flour"ish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who flourishes.</def>

<h1>Flourishingly</h1>
<Xpage=573>

<hw>Flour"ish*ing*ly</hw><def>, adv. In a flourishing manner; ostentatiously.</def>

<h1>Floury</h1>
<Xpage=573>

<hw>Flour"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or resembling flour; mealy; covered with flour.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Flout</h1>
<Xpage=573>

<hw>Flout</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flouted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flouting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OD. <ets>fluyten</ets> to play the flute, to jeer, D. <ets>fluiten</ets>, fr. <ets>fluit</ets>, fr. French. See <er>Flute</er>.]</ety> <def>To mock or insult; to treat with contempt.</def>

<blockquote>Phillida <b>flouts</b> me.
<i>Walton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Three gaudy standarts <b>lout</b> the pale blue sky.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flout</h1>
<Xpage=573>

<hw>Flout</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To practice mocking; to behave with contempt; to sneer; to fleer; -- often with <i>at</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Fleer and gibe, and laugh and <b>flout</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flout</h1>
<Xpage=573>

<hw>Flout</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mock; an insult.</def>

<blockquote>Who put your beauty to this <b>flout</b> and scorn.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flouter</h1>
<Xpage=573>

<hw>Flout"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who flouts; a mocker.</def>

<h1>Floutingly</h1>
<Xpage=573>

<hw>Flout"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With flouting; insultingly; <as>as, to treat a lover <ex>floutingly</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Flow</h1>
<Xpage=573>

<hw>Flow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp. sing.</tt> of <er>Fly</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Flow</h1>
<Xpage=573>

<hw>Flow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>FFlowed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>fl\'d3wan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vloeijen</ets>, OHG. <ets>flawen</ets> to wash, Icel. <ets>fl\'d3a</ets> to deluge, Gr. <?/ to float, sail, and prob. ultimately to E. <ets>float</ets>, <ets>fleet</ets>. \'fb80. Cf. <er>Flood</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move with a continual change of place among the particles or parts, as a fluid; to change place or circulate, as a liquid; <as>as, rivers <ex>flow</ex> from springs and lakes; tears <ex>flow</ex> from the eyes.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To become liquid; to melt.</def>

<blockquote>The mountains <b>flowed</b> down at thy presence.
<i>Is. lxiv. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pproceed; to issue forth; <as>as, wealth <ex>flows</ex> from industry and economy</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Those thousand decencies that daily <b>flow</b>
From all her words and actions.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To glide along smoothly, without harshness or asperties; <as>as, a <ex>flowing</ex> period; <ex>flowing</ex> numbers</as>; to sound smoothly to the ear; to be uttered easily.</def>

<blockquote>Virgil is sweet and <b>flowing</b>in his hexameters.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To have or be in abundance; to abound; to full, so as to run or flow over; to be copious.</def>

<blockquote>In that day . . . the hills shall <b>flow</b> with milk.
<i>Joel iii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The exhilaration of a night that needed not the influence of the <b>flowing</b> bowl.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To hang loose and waving; <as>as, a <ex>flowing</ex> mantle; <ex>flowing</ex> locks.</as></def>

<blockquote>The imperial purple <b>flowing</b> in his train.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To rise, as the tide; -- opposed to <i>ebb</i>; <as>as, the tide <ex>flows</ex> twice in twenty-four hours</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The river hath thrice <b>flowed</b>, no ebb between.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To discharge blood in excess from the uterus.</def>

<h1>Flow</h1>
<Xpage=573>

<hw>Flow</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover with water or other liquid; to overflow; to inundate; to flood.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover with varnish.</def>

<h1>Flow</h1>
<Xpage=573>

<hw>Flow</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A stream of water or other fluid; a current; <as>as, a <ex>flow</ex> of water; a <ex>flow</ex> of blood.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A continuous movement of something abundant; <as>as, a <ex>flow</ex> of words</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any gentle, gradual movement or procedure of thought, diction, music, or the like, resembling the quiet, steady movement of a river; a stream.</def>

<blockquote>The feast of reason and the <b>flow</b> of soul.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The tidal setting in of the water from the ocean to the shore. See <cref>Ebb and flow</cref>, under <er>Ebb</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A low-lying piece of watery land; -- called also <altname>flow moss</altname> and <altname>flow bog</altname>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Flowage</h1>
<Xpage=573>

<hw>Flow"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An overflowing with water; also, the water which thus overflows.</def>

<h1>Flowen</h1>
<Xpage=573>

<hw>Flow"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp. pl.</tt> of <er>Fly</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Flower</h1>
<Xpage=573>

<hw>Flow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>flour</ets>, OF. <ets>flour</ets>, <ets>flur</ets>, <ets>flor</ets>, F. <ets>fleur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>. Cf. <er>Blossom</er>, <er>Effloresce</er>, <er>Floret</er>, <er>Florid</er>, <er>Florin</er>, <er>Flour</er>, <er>Flourish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the popular sense, the bloom or blossom of a plant; the showy portion, usually of a different color, shape, and texture from the foliage.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>That part of a plant destined to produce seed, and hence including one or both of the sexual organs; an organ or combination of the organs of reproduction, whether inclosed by a circle of foliar parts or not. A complete <i>flower</i> consists of two essential parts, the stamens and the pistil, and two floral envelopes, the corolla and callyx. In mosses the flowers consist of a few special leaves surrounding or subtending organs called archegonia. See <er>Blossom</er>, and <er>Corolla</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="574">
Page 574<p>

<note>&hand; If we examine a common flower, such for instance as a geranium, we shall find that it consists of: First, an outer envelope or <i>calyx</i>, sometimes tubular, sometimes consisting of separate leaves called <i>sepals</i>; secondly, an inner envelope or <i>corolla</i>, which is generally more or less colored, and which, like the calyx, is sometimes tubular, sometimes composed of separate leaves called <i>petals</i>; thirdly, one or more <i>stamens</i>, consisting of a stalk or <i>filament</i> and a head or <i>anther</i>, in which the <i>pollen</i> is produced; and fourthly, a <i>pistil</i>, which is situated in the center of the flower, and consists generally of three principal parts; one or more compartments at the base, each containing one or more seeds; the <i>stalk</i> or <i>style</i>; and the <i>stigma</i>, which in many familiar instances forms a small head, at the top of the style or ovary, and to which the pollen must find its way in order to fertilize the flower.</note>

<i>Sir J. Lubbock.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The fairest, freshest, and choicest part of anything; <as>as, the <ex>flower</ex> of an army, or of a family</as>; the state or time of freshness and bloom; <as>as, the <ex>flower</ex> of life, that is, youth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The choice and <b>flower</b> of all things profitable the Psalms do more briefly contain.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>flower</b> of the chivalry of all Spain.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A simple maiden in her <b>flower</b>
Is worth a hundred coats of arms.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Grain pulverized; meal; flour.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>flowers</b> of grains, mixed with water, will make a sort of glue.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Old. Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance in the form of a powder, especially when condensed from sublimation; <as>as, the <ex>flowers</ex> of sulphur</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A figure of speech; an ornament of style.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Ornamental type used chiefly for borders around pages, cards, etc.</def>

<i>W. Savage.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Menstrual discharges.</def>

<i>Lev. xv. 24.</i>

<cs><col>Animal flower</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Animal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cut flowers</col>, <cd>flowers cut from the stalk, as for making a bouquet.</cd> -- <col>Flower bed</col>, <cd>a plat in a garden for the cultivation of flowers.</cd> -- <col>Flower beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any beetle which feeds upon flowers, esp. any one of numerous small species of the genus <spn>Meligethes</spn>, family <spn>Nitidulid\'91</spn>, some of which are injurious to crops.</cd> -- <col>Flower bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Australian bird of the genus <spn>Anthornis</spn>, allied to the honey eaters.</cd> -- <col>Flower bud</col>, <cd>an unopened flower.</cd> -- <col>Flower clock</col>, <cd>an assemblage of flowers which open and close at different hours of the day, thus indicating the time.</cd> -- <col>Flower head</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a compound flower in which all the florets are sessile on their receptacle, as in the case of the daisy.</cd> -- <col>Flower pecker</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of a family (<spn>Dic\'91id\'91</spn>) of small Indian and Australian birds. They resemble humming birds in habits.</cd> -- <col>Flower piece</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A table ornament made of cut flowers.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <cd>A picture of flowers.</cd> -- <col>Flower stalk</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the peduncle of a plant, or the stem that supports the flower or fructification.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flower</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flowered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flowering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From the noun. Cf. <er>Flourish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To blossom; to bloom; to expand the petals, as a plant; to produce flowers; <as>as, this plant <ex>flowers</ex> in June</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come into the finest or fairest condition.</def>

<blockquote>Their lusty and <b>flowering</b> age.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When <b>flowered</b> my youthful spring.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To froth; to ferment gently, as new beer.</def>

<blockquote>That beer did <b>flower</b> a little.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To come off as flowers by sublimation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Observations which have <b>flowered</b> off.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flower</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To embellish with flowers; to adorn with imitated flowers; <as>as, <ex>flowered</ex> silk</as>.</def>

<h1>Flowerage</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"er*age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of flowers; flowers, collectively or in general.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Flower-de-luce</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"er-de-luce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>fleur-de-lis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of perennial herbs (<spn>Iris</spn>) with swordlike leaves and large three-petaled flowers often of very gay colors, but probably white in the plant first chosen for the royal French emblem.</def>

<note>&hand; There are nearly one hundred species, natives of the north temperate zone. Some of the best known are <spn>Iris Germanica</spn>, <spn>I. Florentina</spn>, <spn>I. Persica</spn>, <spn>I. sambucina</spn>, and the American <spn>I. versicolor</spn>, <spn>I. prismatica</spn>, etc.</note>

<h1>Flower/er</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"er/er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A plant which flowers or blossoms.</def>

<blockquote>Many hybrids are profuse and persistent <b>flowerers</b>.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Floweret</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"er*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>A small flower; a floret.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Flower-fence</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"er-fence`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tropical leguminous bush (<spn>Poinciana, &or; C\'91salpinia, pulcherrima</spn>) with prickly branches, and showy yellow or red flowers; -- so named from its having been sometimes used for hedges in the West Indies.</def>

<i>Baird.</i>

<h1>Flowerful</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"er*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding with flowers.</def>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>Flower-gentle</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"er-gen`tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of amaranth (<spn>Amarantus melancholicus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Floweriness</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"er*i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being flowery.</def>

<h1>Flowering</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"er*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having conspicuous flowers; -- used as an epithet with many names of plants; <as>as, <ex>flowering</ex> ash; <ex>flowering</ex> dogwood; <ex>flowering</ex> almond, etc.</as></def>

<cs><col>Flowering fern</col>, <cd>a genus of showy ferns (<spn>Osmunda</spn>), with conspicuous bivalvular sporangia. They usually grow in wet places.</cd> -- <col>Flowering plants</col>, <cd>plants which have stamens and pistils, and produce true seeds; phenogamous plants; -- distinguished from <i>flowerless plants<i>.</cd> -- <col>Flowering rush</col>, <cd>a European rushlike plant (<spn>Butomus umbellatus</spn>), with an umbel of rosy blossoms.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flowering</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"er*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of blossoming, or the season when plants blossom; florification.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of adorning with flowers.</def>

<h1>Flowerless</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"er*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no flowers.</def>

<cs><col>Flowerless plants</col>, <cd>plants which have no true flowers, and produce no seeds; cryptigamous plants.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flowerlessness</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"er*less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being without flowers.</def>

<h1>Flowerpot</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"er*pot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A vessel, commonly or earthenware, for earth in which plants are grown.</def>

<h1>Flowery</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of flowers; abounding with blossoms.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Highly embellished with figurative language; florid; <as>as, a <ex>flowery</ex> style</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>The flowery kingdom</col>, <cd>China.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flowery-kirtled</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"er*y-kir`tled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dressed with garlands of flowers.</def> <mark>[Poetic & Rare]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Flowing</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That flows or for flowing (in various sense of the verb); gliding along smoothly; copious.</def>

<cs><col>Flowing battery</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a battery which is kept constant by the flowing of the exciting liquid through the cell or cells.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>Flowing furnace</col>, <cd>a furnace from which molten metal, can be drawn, as through a tap hole; a foundry cupola.</cd> -- <col>Flowing sheet</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a sheet when eased off, or loosened to the wind, as when the wind is abaft the beam.</cd></cs>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Flowing</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>a. & n.</tt> from <er>Flow</er>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt></def>

<h1>Flowingly</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a flowing manner.</def>

<h1>Flowingness</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flow"ing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Flowing tendency or quality; fluency.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>W. Nichols.</i>

<h1>Flowk</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flowk</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See 1st <er>Fluke</er>.</def>

<h1>Flown</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flown</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Fly</er>; -- often used with the auxiliary verb <i>to be</i>; <as>as, the birds are <ex>flown</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Flown</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flown</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Flushed, inflated. <note>[Supposed by some to be a mistake for <i>blown</i> or <i>swoln</i>.]</note></def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>Then wander forth the sons
Of Belial, <b>flown</b> with insolence and wine.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Floxed silk</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Floxed" silk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <cref>Floss silk</cref>, under <er>Floss</er>.</def>

<h1>Floyte</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Floyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>A variant of <er>Flute</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fluate</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flu"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fluate</ets>. See <er>Fluor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A fluoride.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fluavil</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flu"a*vil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon extracted from gutta-percha, as a yellow, resinous substance; -- called also <altname>fluanil</altname>.</def>

<h1>Flucan</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Flu"can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Soft clayey matter in the vein, or surrounding it.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>flookan</asp>, <asp>flukan</asp>, and <asp>fluccan</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Fluctiferous</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Fluc*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fluctus</ets> wave + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to produce waves.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Fluctisonous</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Fluc*tis"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fluctisonus</ets>; <ets>fluctus</ets> wave + <ets>sonus</ets> sound.]</ety> <def>Sounding like waves.</def>

<h1>Fluctuability</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Fluc`tu*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The capacity or ability to fluctuate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>H. Walpole.</i>

<h1>Fluctuant</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Fluc"tu*ant</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fluctuans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>fluctuare</ets>. See <er>Fluctuate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Moving like a wave; wavering</def>; <def2><fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>showing undulation or fluctuation; <as>as, a <ex>fluctuant</ex> tumor</as>.</def></def2>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Floating on the waves.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Fluctuate</h1>
<Xpage=574>

<hw>Fluc"tu*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fluctuated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fluctuating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>fluctuatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>fluctuare</ets>, to wave, fr. <ets>fluctus</ets> wave, fr. <ets>fluere</ets>, <ets>fluctum</ets>, to flow. See <er>Fluent</er>, and cf. <er>Flotilla</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move as a wave; to roll hither and thither; to wave; to float backward and forward, as on waves; <as>as, a <ex>fluctuating</ex> field of air</as>.</def>

<i>Blackmore.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move now in one direction and now in another; to be wavering or unsteady; to be irresolute or undetermined; to vacillate.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To waver; vacillate; hesitate; scruple.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Fluctuate</er>, <er>Vacillate</er>, <er>Waver</er>. -- <i>Fluctuate</i> is applied both to things and persons and denotes that they move as they are acted upon. The stocks <i>fluctuate</i>; a man <i>fluctuates</i>. between conflicting influences. <i>Vacillate</i> and <i>waver</i> are applied to persons to represent them as acting themselves. A man <i>vacillates</i> when he goes backward and forward in his opinions and purposes, without any fixity of mind or principles. A man <i>wavers</i> when he shrinks back or hesitates at the approach of difficulty or danger. One who is <i>fluctuating</i> in his feelings is usually <i>vacillating</i> in resolve, and <i>wavering</i> in execution.</usage>

<h1>Fluctuate</h1>
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<hw>Fluc"tu*ate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to move as a wave; to put in motion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>And <b>fluctuate</b> all the still perfume.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fluctuation</h1>
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<hw>Fluc`tu*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fluctuatio</ets>; cf. F. <ets>fluctuation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A motion like that of waves; a moving in this and that direction; <as>as, the <ex>fluctuations</ex> of the sea</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wavering; unsteadiness; <as>as, <ex>fluctuations</ex> of opinion; <ex>fluctuations</ex> of prices.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The motion or undulation of a fluid collected in a natural or artifical cavity, which is felt when it is subjected to pressure or percussion.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Flue</h1>
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<hw>Flue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>flue</ets> a flowing, fr. <ets>fluer</ets> to flow, fr. L. <ets>fluere</ets> (cf. <er>Fluent</er>); a perh. a corruption of E. <ets>flute</ets>.]</ety> <def>An inclosed passage way for establishing and directing a current of air, gases, etc.; an air passage</def>; esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A compartment or division of a chimney for conveying flame and smoke to the outer air</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A passage way for conducting a current of fresh, foul, or heated air from one place to another</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Steam Boiler)</fld> <def>A pipe or passage for conveying flame and hot gases through surrounding water in a boiler; -- distinguished from a tube which holds water and is surrounded by fire. Small flues are called <i>fire tubes</i> or simply <i>tubes</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Flue boiler</col>. <cd>See under <er>Boiler</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flue bridge</col>, <cd>the separating low wall between the flues and the laboratory of a reverberatory furnace.</cd> -- <col>Flue plate</col> <fld>(Steam Boiler)</fld>, <cd>a plate to which the ends of the flues are fastened; -- called also <altname>flue sheet</altname>, <altname>tube sheet</altname>, and <altname>tube plate</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Flue surface</col> <fld>(Steam Boiler)</fld>, <cd>the aggregate surface of flues exposed to flame or the hot gases.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flue</h1>
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<hw>Flue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>flou</ets> light, tender, G. <ets>flau</ets> weak, W. <ets>llwch</ets> dust. &root;84.]</ety> <def>Light down, such as rises from cotton, fur, etc.; very fine lint or hair.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Fluence</h1>
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<hw>Flu"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fluency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Fluency</h1>
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<hw>Flu"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fluentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fluence</ets>. See <er>Fluent</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being fluent; smoothness; readiness of utterance; volubility.</def>

<blockquote>The art of expressing with <b>fluency</b> and perspicuity.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fluent</h1>
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<hw>Flu"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fluens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>fluere</ets> to flow; cf. Gr. <?/ to boil over. Cf. <er>Fluctuate</er>, <er>Flux</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Flowing or capable of flowing; liquid; glodding; easily moving.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ready in the use of words; voluble; copious; having words at command; and uttering them with facility and smoothness; <as>as, a <ex>fluent</ex> speaker</as>; hence, flowing; voluble; smooth; -- said of language; <as>as, <ex>fluent</ex> speech</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With most <b>fluent</b> utterance.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Fluent</b> as the flight of a swallow is the sultan's letter.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fluent</h1>
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<hw>Flu"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A current of water; a stream.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fluente</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A variable quantity, considered as increasing or diminishing; -- called, in the modern calculus, the <altname>function</altname> or <altname>integral</altname>.</def>

<h1>Fluently</h1>
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<hw>Flu"ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fluent manner.</def>

<h1>Fluentness</h1>
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<hw>Flu"ent*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being fluent.</def>

<h1>Fluework</h1>
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<hw>Flue"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A general name for organ stops in which the sound is caused by wind passing through a flue or fissure and striking an edge above; -- in distinction from <i>reedwork</i>.</def>

<h1>Fluey</h1>
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<hw>Flue"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[2d <er>Flue</er>.]</ety> <def>Downy; fluffy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Fluff</h1>
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<hw>Fluff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. 2d <er>Flue</er>. <?/ 84.]</ety> <def>Nap or down; flue; soft, downy feathers.</def>

<h1>Fluffy</h1>
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<hw>Fluff"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Fluffier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Fluffiest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, fluff or nap; soft and downy.</def> "The carpets were <i>fluffy</i>."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<blockquote>The present Barnacle . . . had a youthful aspect, and the <b>fluffiest</b> little whisker, perhaps, that ever was seen.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fluff"i*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fl\'81gel</h1>
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<hw>Fl\'81"gel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., a wing.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A grand piano or a harpsichord, both being wing-shaped.</def>

<h1>Flugelman</h1>
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<hw>Flu"gel*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>fl\'81gelman</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Fugleman</er>.</def>

<h1>Fluid</h1>
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<hw>Flu"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fluidus</ets>, fr. <ets>fluere</ets> to flow: cf. F. <ets>fluide</ets>. See <er>Fluent</er>.]</ety> <def>Having particles which easily move and change their relative position without a separation of the mass, and which easily yield to pressure; capable of flowing; liquid or gaseous.</def>

<h1>Fluid</h1>
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<hw>Flu"id</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fluid substance; a body whose particles move easily among themselves.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Fluid</i> is a generic term, including liquids and gases as species. Water, air, and steam are <i>fluids</i>. By analogy, the term is sometimes applied to electricity and magnetism, as in phrases electric <i>fluid</i>, magnetic <i>fluid</i>, though not strictly appropriate.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Fluid dram</col>, &or; <col>Fluid drachm</col></mcol>, <cd>a measure of capacity equal to one eighth of a fluid ounce.</cd> -- <col>Fluid ounce</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In the United States, a measure of capacity, in apothecaries' or wine measure, equal to one sixteenth of a pint or 29.57 cubic centimeters. This, for water, is about 1.04158 ounces avoirdupois, or 455.6 grains.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In England, a measure of capacity equal to the twentieth part of an imperial pint. For water, this is the weight of the avoirdupois ounce, or 437.5 grains.</cd> -- <col>Fluids of the body</col>. <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <cd>The circulating blood and lymph, the chyle, the gastric, pancreatic, and intestinal juices, the saliva, bile, urine, aqueous humor, and muscle serum are the more important <i>fluids of the body<i>. The tissues themselves contain a large amount of combined water, so much, that an entire human body dried <i>in vacuo<i> with a very moderate degree of heat gives about 66 per cent of water.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Burning fluid</col>, <col>Elastic fluid</col>, <col>Electric fluid</col>, <col>Magnetic fluid</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Burning</er>, <er>Elastic</er>, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fluidal</h1>
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<hw>Flu"id*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a fluid, or to its flowing motion.</def>

<cs><col>Fluidal structure</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the structure characteristic of certain volcanic rocks in which the arrangement of the minute crystals shows the lines of flow of thew molten material before solidification; -- also called <altname>fluxion structure</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fluinity</h1>
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<hw>Flu*in"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fluidit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being fluid or capable of flowing; a liquid, a\'89riform. or gaseous state; -- opposed to <i>solidity</i>.</def>

<blockquote>It was this want of organization, this looseness and <b>fluidity</b> of the new movement, that made it penetrate through every class of society.
<i>J. R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fluidize</h1>
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<hw>Flu"id*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fluidized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fluidizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To render fluid.</def>

<h1>Fluidness</h1>
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<hw>Flu"id*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being flluid; fluidity.</def>

<h1>Fluidounce</h1>
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<hw>Flu"id*ounce`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <cref>Fluid ounce</cref>, under <er>Fluid</er>.</def>

<h1>Fluidrachm</h1>
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<hw>Flu"i*drachm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <cref>Fluid dram</cref>, under <er>Fluid</er>.</def>

<i>Pharm. of the U. S.</i>

<h1>Flukan</h1>
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<hw>Flu"kan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Flucan.</def>

<hr>
<page="575">
Page 575<p>

<h1>Fluke</h1>
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<hw>Fluke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LG. <ets>flunk</ets>, <ets>flunka</ets> wing, the palm of an anchor; perh. akin to E. <ets>fly</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The part of an anchor which fastens in the ground; a flook. See <er>Anchor</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the lobes of a whale's tail, so called from the resemblance to the fluke of an anchor.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An instrument for cleaning out a hole drilled in stone for blasting.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An accidental and favorable stroke at billiards (called a <i>scratch</i> in the United States); hence, any accidental or unexpected advantage; <as>as, he won by a <ex>fluke</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Cant, Eng.]</mark>

<i>A. Trollope.</i>

<h1>Flukeworm</h1>
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<hw>Fluke"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as 1st <er>Fluke</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Fluky</h1>
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<hw>Fluk"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed like, or having, a fluke.</def>

<h1>Flume</h1>
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<hw>Flume</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>flum</ets> river, OF, <ets>flum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>flumen</ets>, fr. <ets>fluere</ets> to flow. \'fb84. See <er>Fluent</er>.]</ety> <def>A stream; especially, a passage channel, or conduit for the water that drives a mill wheel; or an artifical channel of water for hydraulic or placer mining; also, a chute for conveying logs or lumber down a declivity.</def>

<h1>Fluminous</h1>
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<hw>Flu"mi*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>flumen</ets>, <ets>fluminis</ets>, river.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to rivers; abounding in streama.</def>

<h1>Flummery</h1>
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<hw>Flum"mer*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>llumru</ets>, or <ets>llumruwd</ets>, a kind of food made of oatmeal steeped in water until it has turned sour, fr. <ets>llumrig</ets> harsh, raw, crude, fr. <ets>llum</ets> sharp, severe.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A light kind of food, formerly made of flour or meal; a sort of pap.</def>

<blockquote>Milk and <b>flummery</b> are very fit for children.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something insipid, or not worth having; empty compliment; trash; unsubstantial talk of writing.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>flummery</b> of modern criticism.
<i>J. Morley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flung</h1>
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<hw>Flung</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Fling</er>.</def>

<h1>Flunk</h1>
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<hw>Flunk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flunked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flunking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Funk</er>.]</ety> <def>To fail, as on a lesson; to back out, as from an undertaking, through fear.</def>

<h1>Flunk</h1>
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<hw>Flunk</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fail in; to shirk, as a task or duty.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Flunk</h1>
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<hw>Flunk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A failure or backing out</def>; specifically (<mark>College cant</mark>), <def>a total failure in a recitation.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Flunky</h1>
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<hw>Flun"ky</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Flunkies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Prob. fr. or akin to <ets>flank</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>flunkey</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A contemptuous name for a liveried servant or a footman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is obsequious or cringing; a snob.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One easily deceived in buying stocks; an inexperienced and unwary jobber.</def> <mark>[Cant, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Flunkydom</h1>
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<hw>Flun"ky*dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The place or region of flunkies.</def>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Flunlyism</h1>
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<hw>Flun"ly*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or characteristics of a flunky; readiness to cringe to those who are superior in wealth or position; toadyism.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Fluo-</h1>
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<hw>Flu"o-</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combining form indicating <i>fluorine</i> as an ingredient; as in <i>fluo</i>silicate, <i>fluo</i>benzene.</def>

<h1>Fluoborate</h1>
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<hw>Flu`o*bo"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fluoborate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of fluoboric acid; a fluoboride.</def>

<h1>Fluoboric</h1>
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<hw>Flu`o*bo"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fluo-</ets> <ets>boric</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fluoborique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or consisting of, fluorine and boron.</def>

<cs><col>Fluoridic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a double fluoride, consisting essentially of a solution of boron fluoride, in hydrofluoric acid. It has strong acid properties, and is the type of the borofluorides. Called also <altname>borofluoric acid</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fluoboride</h1>
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<hw>Flu`o*bo"ride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Borofluoride</er>.</def>

<h1>Fluocerine, Fluocerite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Flu`o*ce"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Flu`o*ce"rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fluo-</ets> + <ets>cerium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A fluoride of cerium, occuring near Fahlun in Sweden. Tynosite, from Colorado, is probably the same mineral.</def>

<h1>Fluohydric</h1>
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<hw>Flu`o*hy"dric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fluo-</ets> + <ets>hydro</ets>gen.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hydrofluoric</er>.</def>

<h1>Fluophosphate</h1>
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<hw>Flu`o*phos"phate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fluo-</ets> + <ets>phosphate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A double salt of fluoric and phosphoric acids.</def>

<h1>Fluor</h1>
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<hw>Flu"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a flowing, fr. <ets>fluere</ets> to flow. See <er>Fluent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fluid state.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir I. Newton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Menstrual flux; catamenia; menses.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Fluorite</er>.</def>

<h1>Fluor albus</h1>
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<hw>Flu"or albus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., white flow.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The whites; leucorrh\'91a.</def>

<h1>Fluoranthene</h1>
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<hw>Flu`or*an"thene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fluor</ets>ene + <ets>anth</ets>ra<?/ene.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline hydrocarbon C<?/H<?/, of a complex structure, found as one ingrdient of the higher boiling portion of coal tar.</def>

<h1>Fluorated</h1>
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<hw>Flu"or*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined with fluorine; subjected to the action of fluoride.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Fluorene</h1>
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<hw>Flu`or*ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, crystalline hydrocarbon, <chform>C13H10</chform> having a beautiful violet <i>fluorescence</i>; whence its name. It occurs in the higher boiling products of coal tar, and is obtained artificially.</def>

<h1>Fluorescein</h1>
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<hw>Flu`o*res"ce*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellowish red, crystalline substance, <chform>C20H12O5</chform>, produced by heating together phthalic anhydride and resorcin; -- so called, from the very brilliant yellowish green <i>fluorescence</i> of its alkaline solutions. It has acid properties, and its salts of the alkalies are known to the trade under the name of <i>uranin</i>.</def>

<h1>Fluorescence</h1>
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<hw>Flu`o*res"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fluor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>That property which some transparent bodies have of producing at their surface, or within their substance, light different in color from the mass of the material, as when green crystals of fluor spar afford blue reflections. It is due not to the difference in the color of a distinct surface layer, but to the power which the substance has of modifying the light incident upon it. The light emitted by fluorescent substances is in general of lower refrangibility than the incident light.</def>

<i>Stockes.</i>

<h1>Fluorescent</h1>
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<hw>Flu`o*res"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the property of fluorescence.</def>

<h1>Fluorescin</h1>
<Xpage=575>

<hw>Flu`o*res"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, amorphous substance which is produced by the reduction of fluoresce\'8bn, and from which the latter may be formed by oxidation.</def>

<h1>Fluoric</h1>
<Xpage=575>

<hw>Flu*or"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fluorique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, obtained from, or containing, fluorine.</def>

<h1>Fluoride</h1>
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<hw>Flu"or*ide</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fluoride</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A binary compound of fluorine with another element or radical.</def>

<cs><col>Calcium fluoride</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>fluorite, <chform>CaF2</chform>. See <er>Fluorite</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fluorine</h1>
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<hw>Flu"or*ine</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>fluorina</ets>: cf. G. <ets>fluorin</ets>, F. <ets>fluorine</ets>. So called from its occurrence in the mineral <ets>fluorite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A non-metallic, gaseous element, strongly acid or negative, or associated with chlorine, bromine, and iodine, in the halogen group of which it is the first member. It always occurs combined, is very active chemically, and possesses such an avidity for most elements, and silicon especially, that it can neither be prepared nor kept in glass vessels. If set free it immediately attacks the containing material, so that it was not isolated until 1886. It is a pungent, corrosive, colorless gas. Symbol F. Atomic weight 19.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Fluorine</i> unites with hydrogen to form hydrofluoric acid, which is the agent employed in etching glass. It occurs naturally, principally combined as calcium fluoride in <i>fluorite</i>, and as a double fluoride of aluminium and sodium in <i>cryolite</i>.</note>

<h1>Fluorite</h1>
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<hw>Flu"or*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Calcium fluoride, a mineral of many different colors, white, yellow, purple, green, red, etc., often very beautiful, crystallizing commonly in cubes with perfect octahedral cleavage; also massive. It is used as a flux. Some varieties are used for ornamental vessels. Also called <altname>fluor spar</altname>, or simply <altname>fluor</altname>.</def>

<h1>Fluoroid</h1>
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<hw>Flu"or*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fluor</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A tetrahexahedron; -- so called because it is a common form of fluorite.</def>

<h1>Fluoroscope</h1>
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<hw>Flu*or"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fluor</ets>escence + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Phys.)</fld> <def>An instrument for observing or exhibiting fluorescence.</def>

<h1>Fluorous</h1>
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<hw>Flu"or*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to fluor.</def>

<h1>Fluor spar</h1>
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<hw>Flu"or spar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Fluorite</er>.</def>

<h1>Fluosilicate</h1>
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<hw>Flu`o*sil"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fluosilicate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A double fluoride of silicon and some other (usually basic) element or radical, regarded as a salt of <i>fluosilicic acid</i>; -- called also <altname>silicofluoride</altname>.</def>

<h1>Fluosilicic</h1>
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<hw>Flu`o*si*lic"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fluo-</ets> + <ets>silicic</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fluosilicique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Composed of, or derived from, silicon and fluorine.</def>

<cs><col>Fluosilicic acid</col>, <cd>a double fluoride of hydrogen and silicon, <chform>H2F6Si</chform>, obtained in solution in water as a sour fuming liquid, and regarded as the type of the fluosilicates; -- called also <altname>silicofluoric acid</altname>, and <altname>hydrofluosilicic acid</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flurried</h1>
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<hw>Flur"ried</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Agitated; excited.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Flur"ried*ly</wf> <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Flurry</h1>
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<hw>Flur"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Flurries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>flur</ets> to ruffle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden and brief blast or gust; a light, temporary breeze; <as>as, a <ex>flurry</ex> of wind</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A light shower or snowfall accompanied with wind.</def>

<blockquote>Like a <b>flurry</b> of snow on the whistling wind.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Violent agitation; commotion; bustle; hurry.</def>

<blockquote>The racket and <b>flurry</b> of London.
<i>Blakw. Mag.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The violent spasms of a dying whale.</def>

<h1>Flurry</h1>
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<hw>Flur"ry</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flurried</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flurrying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put in a state of agitation; to excite or alarm.</def>

<i>H. Swinburne.</i>

<h1>Flurt</h1>
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<hw>Flurt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flirt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Quarles.</i>

<h1>Flush</h1>
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<hw>Flush</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flushed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flushing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>fluschen</ets> to fly up, penetrate, F. <ets>fluz</ets> a flowing, E. <ets>flux</ets>, dial. Sw. <ets>flossa</ets> to blaze, and E. <ets>flash</ets>; perh. influenced by <ets>blush</ets>. \'fb84.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To flow and spread suddenly; to rush; <as>as, blood <ex>flushes</ex> into the face</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>flushing</b> noise of many waters.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It <b>flushes</b> violently out of the cock.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To become suddenly suffused, as the cheeks; to turn red; to blush.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To snow red; to shine suddenly; to glow.</def>

<blockquote>In her cheek, distemper <b>flushing</b> glowed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To star<?/ up suddenly; to take wing as a bird.</def>

<blockquote><b>Flushing</b> from one spray unto another.
<i>W. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flush</h1>
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<hw>Flush</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to be full; to flood; to overflow; to overwhelm with water; <as>as, to <ex>flush</ex> the meadows</as>; to flood for the purpose of cleaning; <as>as, to <ex>flush</ex> a sewer</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause the blood to rush into (the face); to put to the blush, or to cause to glow with excitement.</def>

<blockquote>Nor <b>flush</b> with shame the passing virgin's cheek.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sudden a thought came like a full-blown rose,
<b>Flushing</b> his brow.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make suddenly or temporarily red or rosy, as if suffused with blood.</def>

<blockquote>How faintly <b>flushed</b>. how phantom fair,
Was Monte Rosa, hanging there!
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To excite; to animate; to stir.</def>

<blockquote>Such things as can only feed his pride and <b>flush</b> his ambition.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To cause to start, as a hunter a bird.</def>

<i>Nares.</i>

<cs><col>To flush a joints</col> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>to fill them in; to point the level; to make them flush.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flush</h1>
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<hw>Flush</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden flowing; a rush which fills or overflows, as of water for cleansing purposes.</def>

<blockquote>In manner of a wave or <b>flush</b>.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A suffusion of the face with blood, as from fear, shame, modesty, or intensity of feeling of any kind; a blush; a glow.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>flush</b> of angered shame.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any tinge of red color like that produced on the cheeks by a sudden rush of blood; <as>as, the <ex>flush</ex> on the side of a peach; the <ex>flush</ex> on the clouds at sunset.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A sudden flood or rush of feeling; a thrill of excitement. animation, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>flush</ex> of joy</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A flock of birds suddenly started up or flushed.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <ety>[From F. or Sp. <ets>flux</ets>. Cf. <er>Flux</er>.]</ety> <def>A hand of cards of the same suit.</def><-- other than poker? -->

<h1>Flush</h1>
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<hw>Flush</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of vigor; fresh; glowing; bright.</def>

<blockquote>With all his crimes broad blown, as <b>flush</b> as May.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affluent; abounding; well furnished or suppled; hence, liberal; prodigal.</def>

<blockquote>Lord Strut was not very <b>flush</b> in ready.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch. & Mech.)</fld> <def>Unbroken or even in surface; on a level with the adjacent surface; forming a continuous surface; <as>as, a <ex>flush</ex> panel; a <ex>flush</ex> joint.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>Consisting of cards of one suit.</def>

<cs><col>Flush bolt</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A screw bolt whose head is countersunk, so as to be flush with a surface.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A sliding bolt let into the face or edge of a door, so as to be flush therewith.</cd> -- <col>Flush deck</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Deck</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</cd> -- <col>Flush tank</col>, <cd>a water tank which can be emptied rapidly for flushing drainpipes, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flush</h1>
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<hw>Flush</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to be level or even.</def>

<h1>Flushboard</h1>
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<hw>Flush"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Flashboard</er>.</def>

<h1>Flusher</h1>
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<hw>Flush"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A workman employed in cleaning sewers by flushing them with water.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The red-backed shrike. See <er>Flasher</er>.</def>

<h1>Flushing</h1>
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<hw>Flush"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A heavy, coarse cloth manufactured from shoddy; -- commonly in the <?/</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A surface formed of floating threads.</def>

<h1>Flushingly</h1>
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<hw>Flush"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a flushing manner.</def>

<h1>Flushness</h1>
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<hw>Flush"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being flush; abundance.</def>

<h1>Fluster</h1>
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<hw>Flus"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Flustered</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flustering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>flaustra</ets> to be flustered, <ets>flaustr</ets> a fluster.]</ety> <def>To make hot and rosy, as with drinking; to heat; hence, to throw into agitation and confusion; to confuse; to muddle.</def>

<blockquote>His habit or <b>flustering</b> himself daily with claret.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fluster</h1>
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<hw>Flus"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be in a heat or bustle; to be agitated and confused.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>flstering</b>, vainglorious Greeks.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fluster</h1>
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<hw>Flus"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Heat or glow, as from drinking; agitation mingled with confusion; disorder.</def>

<h1>Flusteration</h1>
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<hw>Flus`ter*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of flustering, or the state of being flustered; fluster.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Flustrate</h1>
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<hw>Flus"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fluster</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To fluster.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<h1>Flustration</h1>
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<hw>Flus*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of flustrating; confusion; flurry.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<h1>Flute</h1>
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<hw>Flute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>floute</ets>, <ets>floite</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>fla\'81te</ets>, <ets>flahute</ets>, <ets>flahuste</ets>, F. <ets>fl<?/te</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>flauta</ets>, D. <ets>fluit</ets>. See <er>Flute</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A musical wind instrument, consisting of a hollow cylinder or pipe, with holes along its length, stopped by the fingers or by keys which are opened by the fingers. The modern flute is closed at the upper end, and blown with the mouth at a lateral hole.</def>

<blockquote>The breathing <b>flute's</b> soft notes are heard around.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A channel of curved section; -- usually applied to one of a vertical series of such channels used to decorate columns and pilasters in classical architecture. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Base</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A similar channel or groove made in wood or other material, esp. in plaited cloth, as in a lady's ruffle.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A long French breakfast roll.</def>

<i>Simonds.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A stop in an organ, having a flutelike sound.</def>

<cs><col>Flute bit</col>, <cd>a boring tool for piercing ebony, rosewood, and other hard woods.</cd> -- <col>Flute pipe</col>, <cd>an organ pipe having a sharp lip or wind-cutter which imparts vibrations to <?/ column of air in the pipe.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Flute</h1>
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<hw>Flute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fl<?/te</ets> a transport, D. <ets>fluit</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kindof flyboat; a storeship.</def>

<cs><col>Armed en fl\'96te</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <fld>(Nav.)</fld>, <cd>partially armed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flute</h1>
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<hw>Flute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>flouten</ets>, <ets>floiten</ets>, OF. <ets>fla\'81ter</ets>, <ets>fle\'81ter</ets>, <ets>flouster</ets>, F. <ets>fl\'96ter</ets>, cf. D. <ets>fluiten</ets>; ascribed to an assumed LL. <ets>flautare</ets>, <ets>flatuare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>flatus</ets> a blowing, fr. <ets>flare</ets> to blow. Cf. <er>Flout</er>, <er>Flageolet</er>, <er>Flatulent</er>.]</ety> <def>To play on, or as on, a flute; to make a flutelike sound.</def>

<h1>Flute</h1>
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<hw>Flute</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fluted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fluting</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To play, whistle, or sing with a clear, soft note, like that of a flute.</def>

<blockquote>Knaves are men,
That lute and <b>flute</b> fantastic tenderness.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote> The redwing <b>flutes</b> his o-ka-lee.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form flutes or channels in, as in a column, a ruffle, etc.</def>

<h1>Fl\'96te \'85 bec</h1>
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<hw>Fl\'96te` \'85 bec"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A beak flute, an older form of the flute, played with a mouthpiece resembling a beak, and held like a flageolet.</def>

<h1>Fluted</h1>
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<hw>Flut"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Thin; fine; clear and mellow; flutelike; <as>as, <ex>fluted</ex> notes</as>.</def>

<i>Busby.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Decorated with flutes; channeled; grooved; <as>as, a <ex>fluted</ex> column; a <ex>fluted</ex> ruffle; a <ex>fluted</ex> spectrum.</as></def>

<h1>Flutemouth</h1>
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<hw>Flute"mouth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the genus <spn>Aulostoma</spn>, having a much elongated tubular snout.</def>

<h1>Fluter</h1>
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<hw>Flut"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who plays on the flute; a flutist or flautist.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who makes grooves or flutings.</def>

<h1>Fluting</h1>
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<hw>Flut"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Decoration by means of flutes or channels; a flute, or flutes collectively; <as>as, the <ex>fluting</ex> of a column or pilaster; the <ex>fluting</ex> of a lady's ruffle.</as></def>

<cs><col>Fluting iron</col>, <cd>a laundry iron for fluting ruffles; -- called also <altname>Italian iron</altname>, or <altname>gaufering iron</altname>.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>Fluting lathe</col>, <cd>a machine for forming spiral flutes, as on balusters, table legs, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flutist</h1>
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<hw>Flut"ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fl\'96tiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A performer on the flute; a flautist.</def>

<i>Busby.</i>

<hr>
<page="576">
Page 576<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move with quick vibrations or undulations; <as>as, a sail <ex>flutters</ex> in the wind; a <ex>fluttering</ex> fan.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To move about briskly, irregularly, or with great bustle and show, without much result.</def>

<blockquote>    No rag, no scrap, of all the beau, or wit,
    That once so <b>fluttered</b>, and that once so writ.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be in agitation; to move irregularly; to flucttuate; to be uncertainty.</def>

<blockquote> Long we <b>fluttered</b> on the wings of doubtful success.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>     His thoughts are very <b>fluttering</b> and wandering.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flutter</h1>
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<hw>Flut"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To vibrate or move quickly; <as>as, a bird <ex>flutters</ex> its wings</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To drive in disorder; to throw into confusion.</def>

<blockquote>        Like an eagle in a dovecote, I
        <b>Fluttered</b> your Volscians in Corioli.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flutter</h1>
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<hw>Flut"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of fluttering; quick and irregular motion; vibration; <as>as, the <ex>flutter</ex> of a fan</as>.</def>

<blockquote>     The chirp and <b>flutter</b> of some single bird
<i>Milnes. .</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hurry; tumult; agitation of the mind; confusion; disorder.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<cs><col>Flutter wheel</col>, <cd>a water wheel placed below a fall or in a chute where rapidly moving water strikes the tips of the floats; -- so called from the spattering, and the fluttering noise it makes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flutterer</h1>
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<hw>Flut"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, flutters.</def>

<h1>Flutteringly</h1>
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<hw>Flut"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fluttering manner.</def>

<h1>Fluty</h1>
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<hw>Flut"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Soft and clear in tone, like a flute.</def>

<h1>Fluvial</h1>
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<hw>Flu"vi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fluvialis</ets>, from <ets>fluvius</ets> river, fr. <ets>fluere</ets> to flow: cf.F. <ets>fluvial</ets>. See <er>Fluent</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to rivers; growing or living in streams or ponds; <as>as, a <ex>fluvial</ex> plant</as>.</def>

<h1>Fluvialist</h1>
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<hw>Flu"vi*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who exlpains geological phenomena by the action of streams.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Fluviatic</h1>
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<hw>Flu`vi*at"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fluviaticus</ets>. See <er>Fluvial</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to rivers or streams; fluviatile.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Fluviatile</h1>
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<hw>Flu"vi*a*tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fluviatilis</ets>, fr. <ets>fluvius</ets> river: cf. F. <ets>fluviatile</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to rivers or streams; existing in or about rivers; produced by river action; fluvial; <as>as, <ex>fluviatile</ex> starta, plants</as>.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<h1>Fluvio-marine</h1>
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<hw>Flu`vi*o-ma*rine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fluvius</ets> river + E. <ets>marine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Formed by the joint action of a river and the sea, as deposits at the mouths of rivers.</def>

<h1>Flux</h1>
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<hw>Flux</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fluxus</ets>, fr. <ets>fluere</ets>, <ets>fluxum</ets>,to flow: cf.F. <ets>flux</ets>. See <er>Fluent</er>, and cf. 1st & 2d <er>Floss</er>, <er>Flush</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 6.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of flowing; a continuous moving on or passing by, as of a flowing stream; constant succession; change.</def>

<blockquote> By the perpetual <b>flux</b> of the liquids, a great part of them is thrown out of the body.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Her image has escaped the <b>flux</b> of things,
And that same infant beauty that she wore
Is fixed upon her now forevermore.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>       Languages, like our bodies, are in a continual <b>flux</b>.
<i>Felton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The setting in of the tide toward the shore, -- the (<?/)bb being called the <i>reflux</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of beinng liquid through heat; fusion.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Chem.& Metal.)</fld> <def>Any substance or mixture used to promote the fusion of metals or minerals, as alkalies, borax, lime, fluorite.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>White flux</i> is the residuum of the combustion of a mixture of equal parts of niter and tartar. It consists chiefly of the carbonate of potassium, and is white.- <i>Black flux</i> is the ressiduum of the combustion of one part of niter and two of tartar, and consists essentially of a mixture of potassium carbonate and charcoal.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A fluid discharge from the bowels or other part; especially, an excessive and morbid discharge; <as>as, the bloody <ex>flux</ex> or dysentery</as>. See <er>Bloody flux</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The matter thus discharged.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The quantity of a fluid that crosses a unit area of a given surface in a unit of time.</def>

<h1>Flux</h1>
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<hw>Flux</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fluxus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>fluere</ets>. See <er>Flux</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Flowing; unstable; inconstant; variable.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>flux</b> nature of all things here.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flux</h1>
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<hw>Flux</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fluxed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fluxing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To affect, or bring to a certain state, by flux.</def>

<blockquote>He might fashionably and genteelly . . . have been dueled or
<b>fluxed</b> into another world.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to become fluid; to fuse.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To cause a discharge from; to purge.</def>

<h1>Fluxation</h1>
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<hw>Flux*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of fluxing.</def>

<h1>Fluxibility</h1>
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<hw>Flux`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>fluxibilitas</ets> fluidity.]</ety> <def>The quality of being fluxible.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Fluxible</h1>
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<hw>Flux"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.LL. <ets>fluxibilis</ets> fluid, OF. <ets>fluxible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being melted or fused, as a mineral.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Flux"i*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fluxile</h1>
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<hw>Flux"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fluxilis</ets>, <tt>a.</tt>, fluid.]</ety> <def>Fluxible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Fluxility</h1>
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<hw>Flux*il"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being fluxible.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fluxion</h1>
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<hw>Flux"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fluxion</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of flowing.</def>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The matter that flows.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fusion; the running of metals into a fluid state.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An unnatural or excessive flow of blood or fluid toward any organ; a determination.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A constantly varying indication.</def>

<blockquote>Less to be counted than the <b>fluxions</b> of sun dials.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The infinitely small increase or decrease of a variable or flowing quantity in a certain infinitely small and constant period of time; the rate of variation of a fluent; an incerement; a differential.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A method of analysis developed by Newton, and based on the conception of all magnitudes as generated by motion, and involving in their changes the notion of velocity or rate of change. Its results are the same as those of the differential and integral calculus, from which it differs little except in notation and logical method.</def>

<h1>Fluxional</h1>
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<hw>Flux"ion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or having the nature of, fluxion or fluxions; variable; inconstant.</def>

<blockquote> The merely human,the temporary and <b>fluxional</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fluxional structure</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>fluidal structure.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fluxionary</h1>
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<hw>Flux"ion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fluxional.</def>

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or caused by, an increased flow of blood to a part; congestive; <as>as, a <ex>fluxionary</ex> hemorrhage</as>.</def>

<h1>Fluxionist</h1>
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<hw>Flux"ion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in fluxions.</def>

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<h1>Fluxions</h1>
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<hw>Flux"ions</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>See <er>Fluxion</er>, 6<sd>(b)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Fluxive</h1>
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<hw>Flux"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Flowing; also, wanting solidity.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Fluxure</h1>
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<hw>Flux"ure</hw> <tt>(?; 138)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fluxura</ets> a flowing.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being fluid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fielding.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fluid matter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Fly</h1>
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<hw>Fly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Flew</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Flown</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Flying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fleen</ets>, <ets>fleen</ets>, <ets>fleyen</ets>, <ets>flegen</ets>, AS. <ets>fle\'a2gan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vliegen</ets>, ONG. <ets>fliogan</ets>, G. <ets>fliegen</ets>, Icel. <ets>flj<?/ga</ets>, Sw. <ets>flyga</ets>, Dan. <ets>flyve</ets>, Goth. <ets>us-flaugjan</ets> to cause to fly away, blow about, and perh. to L. <ets>pluma</ets> feather, E. <ets>plume</ets>. <?/ 84. Cf. <er>Fledge</er>, <er>Flight</er>, <er>Flock</er> of animals.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move in or pass thorugh the air with wings, as a bird.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move through the air or before the wind; esp., to pass or be driven rapidly through the air by any impulse.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To float, wave, or rise in the air, as sparks or a flag.</def>

<blockquote> Man is born unto trouble, as the sparks <b>fly</b> upward.
<i>Job v. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To move or pass swiftly; to hasten away; to circulate rapidly; <as>as, a ship <ex>flies</ex> on the deep; a top <ex>flies</ex> around; rumor <ex>flies</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Fly</b>, envious Time, till thou run out thy race.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The dark waves murmured as the ships <b>flew</b> on.
<i>Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To run from danger; to attempt to escape; to flee; <as>as, an enemy or a coward <ex>flies</ex></as>. See Note under <er>Flee</er>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Fly</b>, ere evil intercept thy flight.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whither shall I <b>fly</b> to escape their hands ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To move suddenly, or with violence; to do an act suddenly or swiftly; -- usually with a qualifying word; <as>as, a door <ex>flies</ex> open; a bomb <ex>flies</ex> apart.</as></def>

<cs><col>To fly about</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to change frequently in a short time; -- said of the wind.</cd> -- <col>To fly around</col>, <cd>to move about in haste.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To fly at</col>, <cd>to spring toward; to rush on; to attack suddenly.</cd> -- <col>To fly in the face of</col>, <cd>to insult; to assail; to set at defiance; to oppose with violence; to act in direct opposition to; to resist.</cd> -- <col>To fly off</col>, <cd>to separate, or become detached suddenly; to revolt.</cd> -- <col>To fly on</col>, <cd>to attack.</cd> -- <col>To fly open</col>, <cd>to open suddenly, or with violence.</cd> -- <col>To fly out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To rush out.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To burst into a passion; to break out into license.</cd> -- <col>To let fly</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To throw or drive with violence; to discharge.</cd> "A man <i>lets fly<i> his arrow without taking any aim."</cs> <i>Addison.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To let go suddenly and entirely; <as>as, <ex>to let fly</ex> the sheets</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fly</h1>
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<hw>Fly</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to fly or to float in the air, as a bird, a kite, a flag, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The brave black flag I <b>fly</b>.
<i>W. S. Gilbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fly or flee from; to shun; to avoid.</def>

<blockquote>Sleep <b>flies</b> the wretch.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>fly</b> the favors of so good a king.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To hunt with a hawk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<cs><col>To fly a kite</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>to raise money on commercial notes. <mark>[Cant or Slang]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Fly</h1>
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<hw>Fly</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Flies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>flie</ets>, <ets>flege</ets>, AS. <ets>fl</ets>?<ets>ge</ets>, <ets>fle\'a2ge</ets>, fr. <ets>fle\'a2gan</ets> to fly; akin to D. <ets>vlieg</ets>, OHG. <ets>flioga</ets>, G. <ets>fliege</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>fluga</ets>, Dan. <ets>flue</ets>. <?/ 84. See <er>Fly</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any winged insect; esp., one with transparent wings; <as>as, the Spanish <ex>fly</ex>; fire<ex>fly</ex>; gall <ex>fly</ex>; dragon <ex>fly</ex></as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any dipterous insect; <as>as, the house <ex>fly</ex>; flesh <ex>fly</ex>; black <ex>fly</ex>.</as> See <er>Diptera</er>, and <i>Illust</i>. in Append.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <wordforms>A hook dressed in imitation of a fly, -- used for fishing.</def> "The fur-wrought <i>fly</i>."

<i>Gay.</i>
<-- fly fishing, fly fisherman. -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A familiar spirit; a witch's attendant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A trifling <b>fly</b>, none of your great familiars.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A parasite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A kind of light carriage for rapid transit, plying for hire and usually drawn by one horse.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The length of an extended flag from its staff; sometimes, the length from the "union" to the extreme end.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The part of a vane pointing the direction from which the wind blows.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>That part of a compass on which the points are marked; the compass card.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Two or more vanes set on a revolving axis, to act as a fanner, or to equalize or impede the motion of machinery by the resistance of the air, as in the striking part of a clock.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A heavy wheel, or cross arms with weights at the ends on a revolving axis, to regulate or equalize the motion of machinery by means of its inertia, where the power communicated, or the resistance to be overcome, is variable, as in the steam engine or the coining press. See <cref>Fly wheel</cref> (below).</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Knitting Machine)</fld> <def>The piece hinged to the needle, which holds the engaged loop in position while the needle is penetrating another loop; a latch.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>The pair of arms revolving around the bobbin, in a spinning wheel or spinning frame, to twist the yarn.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A shuttle driven through the shed by a blow or jerk.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>13.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Formerly, the person who took the printed sheets from the press.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A vibrating frame with fingers, attached to a power to a power printing press for doing the same work.</def>

<p><b>14.</b> <def>The outer canvas of a tent with double top, usually drawn over the ridgepole, but so extended as to touch the roof of the tent at no other place.</def>

<p><b>15.</b> <def>One of the upper screens of a stage in a theater.</def>

<p><b>16.</b> <def>The fore flap of a bootee; also, a lap on trousers, overcoats, etc., to conceal a row of buttons.</def>

<p><b>17.</b> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>A batted ball that flies to a considerable distance, usually high in the air; also, the flight of a ball so struck; <as>as, it was caught on the <ex>fly</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Black fly</col>, <col>Cheese fly</col>, <col>Dragon fly, etc.</col> <cd>See under <er>Black</er>, <er>Cheese</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fly agaric</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a mushroom (<spn>Agaricus muscarius</spn>), having a narcotic juice which, in sufficient quantities, is poisonous.</cd> -- <col>Fly block</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a pulley whose position shifts to suit the working of the tackle with which it is connected; -- used in the hoisting tackle of yards.</cd> -- <col>Fly board</col> <fld>(Printing Press)</fld>, <cd>the board on which printed sheets are deposited by the fly.</cd> -- <col>Fly book</col>, <cd>a case in the form of a book for anglers' flies.</cd> <i>Kingsley.</i> -- <col>Fly cap</col>, <cd>a cap with wings, formerly worn by women.</cd> -- <col>Fly drill</col>, <cd>a drill having a reciprocating motion controlled by a fly wheel, the driving power being applied by the hand through a cord winding in reverse directions upon the spindle as it rotates backward and forward.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>Fly fishing</col>, <cd>the act or art of angling with a bait of natural or artificial flies.</cd> <i>Walton.</i> -- <col>Fly flap</col>, <cd>an implement for killing flies.</cd> -- <col>Fly governor</col>, <cd>a governor for regulating the speed of an engine, etc., by the resistance of vanes revolving in the air.</cd> -- <col>Fly honeysuckle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the honeysuckle genus (<spn>Lonicera</spn>), having a bushy stem and the flowers in pairs, as <spn>L. ciliata</spn> and <spn>L. Xylosteum</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Fly hook</col>, <cd>a fishhook supplied with an artificial fly.</cd> -- <col>Fly leaf</col>, <cd>an unprinted leaf at the beginning or end of a book, circular, programme, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fly maggot</col></mcol>, <cd>a maggot bred from the egg of a fly.</cd> <i>Ray.</i> -- <col>Fly net</col>, <cd>a screen to exclude insects.</cd> -- <col>Fly nut</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a nut with wings; a thumb nut; a finger nut.</cd> -- <col>Fly orchis</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Ophrys muscifera</spn>), whose flowers resemble flies.</cd> -- <col>Fly paper</col>, <cd>poisoned or sticky paper for killing flies that feed upon or are entangled by it.</cd> -- <col>Fly powder</col>, <cd>an arsenical powder used to poison flies.</cd> -- <col>Fly press</col>, <cd>a screw press for punching, embossing, etc., operated by hand and having a heavy fly.</cd> -- <col>Fly rail</col>, <cd>a bracket which turns out to support the hinged leaf of a table.</cd> -- <col>Fly rod</col>, <cd>a light fishing rod used in angling with a fly.</cd> -- <col>Fly sheet</col>, <cd>a small loose advertising sheet; a handbill.</cd> -- <col>Fly snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American bird (<spn>Phainopepla nitens</spn>), allied to the chatterers and shrikes.</cd> The male is glossy blue-black; the female brownish gray. -- <col>Fly wheel</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a heavy wheel attached to machinery to equalize the movement (opposing any sudden acceleration by its inertia and any retardation by its momentum), and to accumulate or give out energy for a variable or intermitting resistance.</cd> See <er>Fly</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 9. -- <col>On the fly</col></mcol> <fld>(Baseball)</fld>, <cd>still in the air; -- said of a batted ball caught before touching the ground.</cd><-- (b) at the moment needed, without prior preparation. -- said of objects created as needed in the course of some activity, rather than having been prepared before the activity began.  A term Much used in computer programming. (c) busy; in motion.-->.</cs>

<h1>Fly</h1>
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<hw>Fly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Knowing; wide awake; fully understanding another's meaning.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Flybane</h1>
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<hw>Fly"bane`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of catchfly of the genus <spn>Silene</spn>; also, a poisonous mushroom (<spn>Agaricus muscarius</spn>); fly agaric.</def>

<h1>Fly-bitten</h1>
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<hw>Fly"-bit`ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marked by, or as if by, the bite of flies.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Flyblow</h1>
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<hw>Fly"blow`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deposit eggs upon, as a flesh fly does on meat; to cause to be maggoty; hence, to taint or contaminate, as if with flyblows.</def>

<i>Bp. Srillingfleet.</i>

<h1>Flyblow</h1>
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<hw>Fly"blow`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the eggs or young larv\'91 deposited by a flesh fly, or blowfly.</def>

<h1>Flyblown</h1>
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<hw>Fly"blown`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tainted or contaminated with flyblows; damaged; foul.</def>

<blockquote> Wherever <b>flyblown</b> reputations were assembled.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Flyboat</h1>
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<hw>Fly"boat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fly</ets> + <ets>boat</ets>: cf. D. <ets>vlieboot</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A large Dutch coasting vessel.</def>

<blockquote> Captain George Weymouth made a voyage of discovery to the northwest with two <b>flyboats</b>.
<i>Purchas.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of passenger boat formerly used on canals.</def>

<h1>Fly-case</h1>
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<hw>Fly"-case`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The covering of an insect, esp. the elytra of beetles.</def>

<h1>Flycatcher</h1>
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<hw>Fly"catch`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of numerous species of birds that feed upon insects, which they take on the wing.</def>

<note>&hand; The true flycatchers of the Old World are Oscines, and belong to the family <spn>Muscicapid\'91</spn>, as the spotted flycatcher (<spn>Muscicapa grisola</spn>). The American flycatchers, or tyrant flycatchers, are Clamatores, and belong to the family <spn>Tyrannid\'91</spn>, as the kingbird, pewee, crested flycatcher (<spn>Myiarchus crinitus</spn>), and the vermilion flycatcher or churinche (<spn>Pyrocephalus rubineus</spn>). Certain American flycatching warblers of the family <spn>Sylvicolid\'91</spn> are also called flycatchers, as the Canadian flycatcher (<spn>Sylvania Canadensis</spn>), and the hooded flycatcher (<spn>S. mitrata</spn>). See <er>Tyrant flycatcher</er>.</note>

<h1>Fly-catching</h1>
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<hw>Fly"-catch`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the habit of catching insects on the wing.</def>

<h1>Flyer</h1>
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<hw>Fly"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Flier</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One that uses wings.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fly of a flag: See <er>Fly</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 6.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything that is scattered abroad in great numbers as a theatrical programme, an advertising leaf, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One in a flight of steps which are parallel to each other(as in ordinary stairs), as distinguished from a <i>winder</i>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The pair of arms attached to the spindle of a spinning frame, over which the thread passes to the bobbin; -- so called from their swift revolution. See <er>Fly</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 11.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The fan wheel that rotates the cap of a windmill as the wind veers.</def>

<i>Internat. Cyc.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Stock Jobbing)</fld> <def>A small operation not involving ? considerable part of one's capital, or not in the line of one's ordinary business; a venture.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Flyfish</h1>
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<hw>Fly"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A California scorp\'91noid fish (<spn>Sebastichthys rhodochloris</spn>), having brilliant colors.</def>

<h1>Fly-fish</h1>
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<hw>Fly"-fish</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To angle, using flies for bait.</def>

<i>Walton.</i>

<h1>Flying</h1>
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<hw>Fly"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fly</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Moving in the air with, or as with, wings; moving lightly or rapidly; intended for rapid movement.</def>

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<cs><col>Flying army</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>a body of cavalry and infantry, kept in motion, to cover its own garrisons and to keep the enemy in continual alarm.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> --<col>Flying artillery</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>artillery trained to rapid evolutions, -- the men being either mounted or trained to spring upon the guns and caissons when they change position.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Flying bridge</col>, <col>Flying camp</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Bridge</er>, and <er>Camp</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flying buttress</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a contrivance for taking up the thrust of a roof or vault which can not be supported by ordinary buttresses. It consists of a straight bar of masonry, usually sloping, carried on an arch, and a solid pier or buttress sufficient to receive the thrust. The word is generally applied only to the straight bar with supporting arch.</cd> -- <col>Flying colors</col>, <cd>flags unfurled and waving in the air</cd>; hence: <col>To come off with flying colors</col>, <cd>to be victorious; to succeed thoroughly in an undertaking.</cd> -- <col>Flying doe</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a young female kangaroo.</cd> -- <col>Flying dragon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Dragon</er>, 6.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A meteor. See under <er>Dragon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flying Dutchman</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A fabled Dutch mariner condemned for his crimes to sail the seas till the day of judgment.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A spectral ship.</cd> -- <col>Flying fish</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Flying fish</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Flying fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the colugo.</cd> -- <col>Flying frog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an East Indian tree frog of the genus <spn>Rhacophorus</spn>, having very large and broadly webbed feet, which serve as parachutes, and enable it to make very long leaps.</cd> -- <col>Flying gurnard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of gurnard of the genus <spn>Cephalacanthus</spn> or <spn>Dactylopterus</spn>, with very large pectoral fins, said to be able to fly like the flying fish, but not for so great a distance.</cd> <note>Three species are known; that of the Atlantic is <spn>Cephalacanthus volitans</spn>.</note> -- <col>Flying jib</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a sail extended outside of the standing jib, on the flying-jib boom.</cd> -- <col>Flying-jib boom</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an extension of the jib boom.</cd> -- <col>Flying kites</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>light sails carried only in fine weather.</cd> -- <col>Flying lemur</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Colugo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flying level</col> <fld>(Civil Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a reconnoissance level over the course of a projected road, canal, etc.</cd> -- <col>Flying lizard</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Dragon</er>, <tt>n</tt>, 6.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Flying machine</col>, <cd>an apparatus for navigating the air; a form of balloon.</cd> -- <col>Flying mouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the opossum mouse (<spn>Acrobates pygm\'91us</spn>), of Australia.</cd> <note>It has lateral folds of skin, like the flying squirrels.</note> -- <col>Flying party</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a body of soldiers detailed to hover about an enemy.</cd> -- <col>Flying phalanger</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of small marsuupials of the genera <spn>Petaurus</spn> and <spn>Belideus</spn>, of Australia and New Guinea, having lateral folds like those of the flying squirrels.  The sugar squirrel (<spn>B. sciureus</spn>), and the ariel (<spn>B. ariel</spn>), are the best known; -- called also <altname>squirrel petaurus</altname> and <altname>flying squirrel</altname>. See <er>Sugar squirrel</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flying pinion</col>, <cd>the fly of a clock.</cd> -- <col>Flying sap</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the rapid construction of trenches (when the enemy's fire of case shot precludes the method of simple trenching), by means of gabions placed in juxtaposition and filled with earth.</cd> -- <col>Flying shot</col>, <cd>a shot fired at a moving object, as a bird on the wing.</cd> -- <col>Flying spider</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Ballooning spider</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flying squid</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an oceanic squid (<spn>Ommastrephes, &or; Sthenoteuthis, Bartramii</spn>), abundant in the Gulf Stream, which is able to leap out of the water with such force that it often falls on the deck of a vessel.</cd> -- <col>Flying squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Flying squirrel</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Flying start</col>, <cd>a start in a sailing race in which the signal is given while the vessels are under way.</cd> -- <col>Flying torch</col></mcol> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a torch attached to a long staff and used for signaling at night.</cd></cs>

<h1>Flying fish</h1>
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<hw>Fly"ing fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish which is able to leap from the water, and fly a considerable distance by means of its large and long pectoral fins. These fishes belong to several species of the genus <spn>Exoc\'d2tus</spn>, and are found in the warmer parts of all the oceans.</def>

<h1>Flying squirrel</h1>
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<hw>Fly"ing squir"rel</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group of squirrels, of the genera <spn>Pteromus</spn> and <spn>Sciuropterus</spn>, having parachute-like folds of skin extending from the fore to the hind legs, which enable them to make very long leaps.</def>

<note>&hand; The species of Pteromys are large, with bushy tails, and inhabit southern Asia and the East Indies; those of Sciuropterus are smaller, with flat tails, and inhabit the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and America. The American species <spn>(Sciuropterus volucella)</spn> is also called Assapan. The Australian flying squrrels, or flying phalangers, are marsupials. See <cref>Flying phalanger</cref> (above).</note>

<h1>Flyman</h1>
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<hw>Fly"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Flymen</plw> <tt>(-m?n)</tt>.</plu> <def>The driver of a fly, or light public carriage.</def>

<h1>Flysch</h1>
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<hw>Flysch</hw> <tt>(fl?sh)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A Swiss word, fr. G. <ets>fliessen</ets> to flow, melt.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A name given to the series of sandstones and schists overlying the true nummulitic formation in the Alps, and included in the Eocene Tertiary.</def>

<h1>Flyspeck</h1>
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<hw>Fly"speck</hw> <tt>(fl?'sp?k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A speck or stain made by the excrement of a fly; hence, any insignificant dot.</def>

<h1>Flyspeck</h1>
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<hw>Fly"speck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To soil with flyspecks.</def>

<h1>Flytrap</h1>
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<hw>Fly"trap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1</b> <def>. A trap for catching flies.</def> <p><b>2</b>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant <spn>(Dion\'91a muscipula)</spn>, called also Venus's flytrap, the leaves of which are fringed with stiff bristles, and fold together when certain hairs on their upper surface are touched, thus seizing insects that light on them. The insects so caught are afterwards digested by a secretion from the upper surface of the leaves.</def>

<h1>Fnese</h1>
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<hw>Fnese</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fn?san</ets>, <ets>gefn?san</ets>.]</ety> <def>To breathe heavily; to snort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fo</h1>
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<hw>Fo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Chinese name of Buddha.</def>

<h1>Foal</h1>
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<hw>Foal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fole</ets>, AS. <ets>fola</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>folo</ets>, G. <ets>fohlen</ets>, Goth. <ets>fula</ets>, Icel. <ets>foli</ets>, Sw <ets>Lf?le</ets>, Gr.?????, L. <ets>pullus</ets> a young animal. Cf. <er>Filly</er>, <er>Poultry</er>, <er>Pullet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94.)</fld> <def>The young of any animal of the Horse family <spn>(Equid\'91)</spn>; a colt; a filly.</def>

<cs><col>Foal teeth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the first set of teeth of a horse.</cd> -- <mcol><col>In foal</col>, <col>With foal</col></mcol>, <cd>being with young; pregnant; -- said of a mare or she ass.</cd></cs>

<h1>Foal</h1>
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<hw>Foal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.& p.p.</tt> <er>Foaled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Foaling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring forth (a colt); -- said of a mare or a she ass.</def>

<h1>Foal</h1>
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<hw>Foal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.i.</tt> <def>To bring forth young, as an animal of the horse kind.</def>

<h1>Foalfoot</h1>
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<hw>Foal"foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>(Bot.) See <er>Coltsfoot</er>.</def>

<h1>Foam</h1>
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<hw>Foam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fam, fom</ets>, AS. <ets>f?m</ets>; akin to OHG. & G. <ets>feim</ets>.]</ety> <def>The white substance, consisting of an aggregation of bubbles, which is formed on the surface of liquids,or in the mouth of an animal, by violent agitation or fermentation; froth; spume; scum; as, the <i>foam</i> of the sea.</def>

<cs><col>Foam cock</col>, <cd>in steam boilers, a cock at the water level, to blow off impurities.</cd></cs>

<h1>Foam</h1>
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<hw>Foam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.i.</tt> <wordforms>[imp.& p.p. <er>Foamed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.<tt>pos> <er>Foaming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. f?man. See Foam, n.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To gather foam; to froth; as, the billows <i>foam</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>foameth</b>, and gnasheth with his teeth.
<i>Mark ix. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2</b>. <def>To form foam, or become filled with foam; -- said of a steam boiler when the water is unduly agitated and frothy, as because of chemical action</def>.

<h1>Foam</h1>
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<hw>Foam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <def>To cause to foam; as,to foam the goblet; also (with out), to throw out with rage or violence, as foam.</def> "Foaming out their own shame."
<i>Jude 13.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foamingly</h1>
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<hw>Foam"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With foam; frothily.</def>

<h1>Foamless</h1>
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<hw>Foam"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no foam.</def>

<h1>Foamy</h1>
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<hw>Foam"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with foam; frothy; spumy.</def>

<blockquote>Behold how high the <b>foamy</b> billows ride!
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fob</h1>
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<hw>Fob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.Prov. G. fuppe pocket.]</ety> <def>A little pocket for a watch.</def>

<cs><col>Fob chain</col>, <cd>a short watch chain worn a watch carried in the fob.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fob</h1>
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<hw>Fob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fobbed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fobbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.Fop.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat; to maul</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cheat; to trick; to impose on</def>.

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>To fob off</col>, <cd>to shift off by an artifice; to put aside; to delude with a trick."A conspiracy of bishops could prostrate and fob off the right of the people."</cd></cs>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Focal</h1>
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<hw>Fo"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>focal</ets>. See <er>Focus</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to,or concerning, a focus; as, a focal point.</def>

<cs><col>Focal distance, or length,of a lens or mirror</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the distance of the focus from the surface of the lens or mirror, or more exactly, in the case of a lens, from its optical center.</cd> --<col>Focal distance of a telescope</col>, <cd>the distance of the image of an object from the object glass.</cd></cs>

<h1>Focalization</h1>
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<hw>Fo`cal*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of focalizing or bringing to a focus, or the state of being focalized.</def>

<h1>Focalize</h1>
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<hw>Fo"cal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.& p. p. </tt> <er>Focalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Focalizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring to a focus; to focus; to concentrate.</def>

<blockquote>Light is focalized in the eye, sound in the ear.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Focillate</h1>
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<hw>Foc"il*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. focilatus,p.p. of focillare.]</ety> <def>To nourish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Focillation</h1>
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<hw>Foc`il*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Comfort; support.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Focimeter</h1>
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<hw>Fo*cim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Focus</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>(Photog.) An assisting instrument for focusing an object in or before a camera.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Focus</h1>
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<hw>Fo"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Focuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Foci</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. focus hearth, fireplace; perh. akin to E. bake. Cf. <er>Curfew</er>, <er>Fuel</er>, <er>Fusil</er> the firearm.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A point in which the rays of light meet, after being reflected or refrcted, and at which the image is formed; <as>as, the <ex>focus</ex> of a lens or mirror.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> (Geom.) <def>A point so related to a conic section and certain straight line called the <i>directrix</i> that the ratio of the distace between any point of the curve and the focus to the distance of the same point from the directrix is constant</def>.

<note>&hand; Thus, in the ellipse FGHKLM, A is the focus and CD the directrix, when the ratios FA:FE, GA:GD, MA:MC, etc., are all equal. So in the hyperbola, A is the focus and CD the directrix when the ratio HA:HK is constant for all points of the curve; and in the parabola, A is the focus and CD the directrix when the ratio BA:BC is constant. In the ellipse this ratio is less than unity, in the parabola equal to unity, and in the hyperbola greater than unity. The ellipse and hyperbola have each two foci, and two corresponding directrixes, and the parabola has one focus and one directrix.
    In the ellipse the <it>sum</it> of the two lines from any point of the curve to the two foci is constant; that is: AG+GB=AH+HB; and in the hyperbola the <it>difference</it> of the corresponding lines is constant. The diameter which passes through the foci of the ellipse is the <i>major axis</i>.  The diameter which being produced passes through the foci of the hyperbola is the <i>transverse axis</i>. The middle point of the major or the transverse axis is the center of the curve. Certain other curves, as the lemniscate and the Cartesian ovals, have points called <i>foci</i>, possessing properties similar to those of the foci of conic sections.
    In an ellipse, rays of light coming from one focus, and reflected from the curve, proceed in lines directed <it>toward</it> the other; in an hyperbola, in lines directed <it>from</it> the other; in a parabola, rays from the focus, after reflection at the curve, proceed in lines parallel to the axis. Thus rays from A in the ellipse are reflected to B; rays from A in the hyperbola are reflected toward L and M away from B.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A central point; a point of concentration</def>.

<cs><col>Aplanatic focus</col>. <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Aplanatic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Conjugate focus</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the focus for rays which have a sensible divergence, as from a near object; -- so called because the positions of the object and its image are interchangeable.</cd> -- <col>Focus tube</col> <fld>(Phys.)</fld>, <cd>a vacuum tube for R\'d2ntgen rays in which the cathode rays are focused upon the anticathode, for intensifying the effect.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Principal, &or; Solar</col>, <col>focus</col></mcol> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the focus for parallel rays.</cd></cs>

<h1>Focus</h1>
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<hw>Fo"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Focused</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Focusing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring to a focus; to focalize; as, to focus a camera.</def>

<i>R. Hunt.</i>

<h1>Fodder</h1>
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<hw>Fod"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Fother</er>.]</ety> <def>A weight by which lead and some other metals were formerly sold, in England, varying from 19<frac12/ to 24 cwt.; a fother.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fodder</h1>
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<hw>Fod"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[AS. <ets>f?dder</ets>, f?ddor, fodder (also sheath case), fr. <ets>f?da</ets> food; akin to D. voeder, OHG. <ets>fuotar</ets>, G. <ets>futter</ets>, Icel. <ets>f??r</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>foder</ets>. &root;75. See Food Land cf. <er>Forage</er>, <er>Fur</er>.]</ety> <def>That which is fed out to cattle horses, and sheep, as hay, cornstalks, vegetables, etc.</def>

<h1>Fodder</h1>
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<hw>Fod"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt>   <wordforms>[<tt>imp.& p.p.</tt> <er>Foddered</er> <tt>(-d?rd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Foddering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To feed, as cattle, with dry food or cut grass, etc.;to furnish with hay, straw, oats, etc.</def>

<h1>Fodderer</h1>
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<hw>Fod"der*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fodders cattle.</def>

<h1>Fodient</h1>
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<hw>Fo"di*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fodiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>fodere</ets> to dig.]</ety> <def>Fitted for, or pertaining to, digging.</def>

<h1>Fodient</h1>
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<hw>Fo"di*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Fodientia.</def>

<h1>Fodientia</h1>
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<hw>Fo`di*en"ti*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>fodiens</ets> p. pr., digging.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of African edentates including the aard-vark.</def>

<h1>Foe</h1>
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<hw>Foe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fo</ets>, <ets>fa</ets>, AS. <ets>f?h</ets> hostile; prob. akin to E. <ets>fiend</ets>. &root;81.]</ety> <def>See <er>Fiend</er>, and cf. <er>Feud</er> a quarrel.</def>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who entertains personal enmity, hatred, grudge, or malice, against another; an enemy.</def>

<blockquote>A man's <b>foes</b> shall be they of his own household.
<i>Matt. x. 36</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An enemy in war; a hostile army.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who opposes on principle; an opponent; an adversary; an ill-wisher; as, a foe to religion.</def>

<blockquote>A foe to received doctrines.
<i>I. Watts</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foe</h1>
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<hw>Foe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat as an enemy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Foehood</h1>
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<hw>Foe"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Enmity.</def>

<i>Br. Bedell.</i>

<h1>Foeman</h1>
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<hw>Foe"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Foemen</plw> <tt>(-men)</tt></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>f?hman</ets>.]</ety> <def>An enemy in war.</def>

<blockquote>And the stern joy which warriors feel
In foemen worthy of their steel.
<i>Sir W. Scott</i></blockquote>

<h1>F\'d2tal</h1>
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<hw>F\'d2"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Fetal</er>.</def>

<h1>F\'d2tation</h1>
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<hw>F\'d2*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Fetation</er>.</def>

<h1>F\'d2ticide</h1>
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<hw>F\'d2"ti*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Feticide</er>.</def>

<h1>F\'d2tor</h1>
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<hw>F\'d2"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Fetor</er>.</def>

<h1>F\'d2tus</h1>
<Xpage=577>

<hw>F\'d2"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Fetus</er>.</def>

<h1>Fog</h1>
<Xpage=577>

<hw>Fog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Scot. <ets>fog</ets>, <ets>fouge</ets>, moss, <ets>foggag?</ets> rank grass, LL. <ets>fogagium</ets>, W. <ets>ffug</ets> dry grass.]</ety> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A second growth of grass; aftergrass</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Dead or decaying grass remaining on land through the winter; -- called also foggage</def>. <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark> <i>Halliwell</i>.  <note>Sometimes called, in New England, old tore. In Scotland, fog is a general name for moss.</note>

<h1>Fog</h1>
<Xpage=577>

<hw>Fog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>(Agric.) To pasture cattle on the fog, or aftergrass, of; to eat off the fog from.</def>

<h1>Fog</h1>
<Xpage=577>

<hw>Fog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>To practice in a small or mean way; to pettifog.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Where wouldst thou fog to get a fee?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fog</h1>
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<hw>Fog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dan. <ets>sneefog</ets> snow falling thick, drift of snow, driving snow, cf. Icel. <ets>fok</ets> spray, snowdrift, <ets>fj??</ets> snowstorm, <ets>fj?ka</ets> to drift.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Watery vapor condensed in the lower part of the atmosphere and disturbing its transparency. It differs from cloud only in being near the ground, and from mist in not approaching so nearly to fine rain. See <er>Cloud</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of mental confusion</def>.

<cs><mcol><col>Fog alarm</col>, <col>Fog bell</col>, <col>Fog horn</col>, etc.</col></mcol>, <cd>a bell, horn, whistle or other contrivance that sounds an alarm, often automatically, near places of danger where visible signals would be hidden in thick weather.</cd> -- <col>Fog bank</col>, <cd>a mass of fog resting upon the sea, and resembling distant land.</cd> -- <col>Fog ring</col>, <cd>a bank of fog arranged in a circular form, -- often seen on the coast of Newfoundland.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fog</h1>
<Xpage=577>

<hw>Fog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fogged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fogging</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To envelop, as with fog; to befog; to overcast; to darken; to obscure.</def>

<h1>Fog</h1>
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<hw>Fog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>To show indistinctly or become indistinct, as the picture on a negative sometimes does in the process of development</def>.

<h1>Foge</h1>
<Xpage=577>

<hw>Foge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Cornish name for a forge used for smelting tin.</def>

<i>Raymond</i>

<h1>Fo'gey</h1>
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<hw>Fo'gey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Fogy</er>.</def>

<h1>Fog'gage</h1>
<Xpage=577>

<hw>Fog'gage</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>See 1st <er>Fog</er>.</def>

<h1>Fog'ger</h1>
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<hw>Fog'ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fogs; a pettifogger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A beggarly fogger.
<i>Terence in English(1614)</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foggily</h1>
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<hw>Fog"gi*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a foggy manner; obscurely.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Fogginess</h1>
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<hw>Fog"gi*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being foggy.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Foggy</h1>
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<hw>Fog"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Foggier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Foggiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From 4th <er>Fog</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Filled or abounding with fog, or watery exhalations; misty; <as>as, a <ex>foggy</ex> atmosphere; a <ex>foggy</ex> morning.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<hr>
<page="578">
Page 578<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Beclouded; dull; obscure; <as>as, <ex>foggy</ex> ideas</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Your coarse, <b>foggy</b>, drowsy conceit.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fogie</h1>
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<hw>Fo"gie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Fogy</er>.</def>

<h1>Fogless</h1>
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<hw>Fog"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without fog; clear.</def>

<i>Kane.</i>

<h1>Fogy</h1>
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<hw>Fo"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fogies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A dull old fellow; a person behind the times, over-conservative, or slow; -- usually preceded by <i>old</i>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>fogie</asp> and <asp>fogey</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Notorious old bore; regular old <b>fogy</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The word is said to be connected with the German <i>vogt</i>, a guard or protector. By others it is regareded as a diminutive of <i>folk</i> (cf. D. <i>volkje</i>). It is defined by Jamieson, in his Scottish Dictionary, as "an invalid or garrison soldier," and is applied to the old soldiers of the Royal Hospital at Dublin, which is called the <i>Fogies'</i> Hospital. In the fixed habits of such persons we see the origin of the present use of the term.</note>

<i>Sir F. Head.</i>

<h1>Fogyism</h1>
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<hw>Fo"gy*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles and conduct of a fogy.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Foh</h1>
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<hw>Foh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Faugh</er>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation of abhorrence or contempt; poh; fle.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fohist</h1>
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<hw>Fo"hist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Buddhist priest. See <er>Fo</er>.</def>

<h1>Foible</h1>
<Xpage=578>

<hw>Foi"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>foible</ets>. See <er>Feeble</er>.]</ety> <def>Weak; feeble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Lord Herbert.</i>

<h1>Foible</h1>
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<hw>Foi"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A moral weakness; a failing; a weak point; a frailty.</def>

<blockquote> A disposition radically noble and generous, clouded and overshadowed by superficial <b>foibles</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The half of a sword blade or foil blade nearest the point; -- opposed to <i>forte</i>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>faible</asp>.]</altsp>

<syn>Syn. -- Fault; imperfection; failing; weakness; infirmity; frailty; defect. See <er>Fault</er>.</syn>

<h1>Foil</h1>
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<hw>Foil</hw> <tt>(foil)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Foiled</er> <tt>(foild)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Foiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>fouler</ets> to tread or trample under one's feet, to press, oppress. See <er>Full</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To tread under foot; to trample.</def>

<blockquote> King Richard . . . caused the ensigns of Leopold to be pulled down and <b>foiled</b> under foot.
<i>Knoless.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote> Whom he did all to pieces breake and <b>foyle</b>,
      In filthy durt, and left so in the loathely soyle.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To render (an effort or attempt) vain or nugatory; to baffle; to outwit; to balk; to frustrate; to defeat.</def>

<blockquote>         And by <?/ mortal man at length am <b>foiled</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>         Her long locks that <b>foil</b> the painter's power.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To blunt; to dull; to spoil; <as>as, to <ex>foil</ex> the scent in chase</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Foil</h1>
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<hw>Foil</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See 6th <er>File</er>.]</ety> <def>To defile; to soil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Foil</h1>
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<hw>Foil</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Failure of success when on the point of attainment; defeat; frustration; miscarriage.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>            Nor e'er was fate so near a <b>foil</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A blunt weapon used in fencing, resembling a smallsword in the main, but usually lighter and having a button at the point.</def>

<blockquote>    Blunt as the fencer's <b>foils</b>, which hit, but hurt not.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>   ?socrates contended with a <b>foil</b> against Demosthenes with a word.
<i>Mitford.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The track or trail of an animal.</def>

<cs><col>To run a foil</col>,<cd>to lead astray; to puzzle; -- alluding to the habits of some animals of running back over the same track to mislead their pursuers.</cd></cs>

<i>Brewer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foil</h1>
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<hw>Foil</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>foil</ets> leaf, OF. <ets>foil</ets>, <ets>fuil</ets>, <ets>fueil</ets>, <ets>foille</ets>, <ets>fueille</ets>, F. <ets>feuille</ets>, fr. L. <ets>folium</ets>, pl. <ets>folia</ets>; akin to Gr.<?/ , and perh. to E. <ets>blade</ets>. Cf. <er>Foliage</er>, <er>Folio</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A leaf or very thin sheet of metal; <as>as, brass <ex>foil</ex>; tin <ex>foil</ex>; gold <ex>foil</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Jewelry)</fld> <def>A thin leaf of sheet copper silvered and burnished, and afterwards coated with transparent colors mixed with isinglass; -- employed by jewelers to give color or brilliancy to pastes and inferior stones.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything that serves by contrast of color or quality to adorn or set off another thing to advantage.</def>

<blockquote>As she a black silk cap on him began
To set, for <b>foil</b> of his milk-white to serve.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hector has a <b>foil</b> to set him off.
<i>Broome.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A thin coat of tin, with quicksilver, laid on the back of a looking-glass, to cause reflection.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The space between the cusps in Gothic architecture; a rounded or leaflike ornament, in windows, niches, etc. A group of foils is called trefoil, quatrefoil, quinquefoil, etc., according to the number of arcs of which it is composed.</def>

<cs><col>Foil stone</col>, <cd>an imitation of a jewel or precious stone.</cd></cs>

<h1>Foilable</h1>
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<hw>Foil"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being foiled.</def>

<h1>Foiler</h1>
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<hw>Foil"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who foils or frustrates.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Foiling</h1>
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<hw>Foil"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A foil.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Foiling</h1>
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<hw>Foil"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>foul\'82es</ets>. See 1st <er>Foil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Hunting)</fld> <def>The track of game (as deer) in the grass.</def>

<h1>Foin</h1>
<Xpage=578>

<hw>Foin</hw> <tt>(foin)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fouine</ets> a marten.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The beech marten (<spn>Mustela foina</spn>). See <er>Marten</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of fur, black at the top on a whitish ground, taken from the ferret or weasel of the same name.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote> He came to the stake in a fair black gown furred and faced with <b>foins</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foin</h1>
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<hw>Foin</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>foinen</ets>, <ets>foignen</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. dial. F. <ets>fouiner</ets> to push for eels with a spear, fr. F. <ets>fouine</ets> an eelspear, perh. fr. L. <ets>fodere</ets> to dig, thrust.]</ety> <def>To thrust with a sword or spear; to lunge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote> He stroke, he soused, he <b>foynd</b>, he hewed, he lashed.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They lash, they <b>foin</b>, they pass, they strive to bore
Their corselets, and the thinnest parts explore.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foin</h1>
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<hw>Foin</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To prick; to st?ng.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Huloet.</i>

<h1>Foin</h1>
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<hw>Foin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pass in fencing; a lunge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Foinery</h1>
<Xpage=578>

<hw>Foin"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Thrusting with the foil; fencing with the point, as distinguished from broadsword play.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Foiningly</h1>
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<hw>Foin"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With a push or thrust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Foison</h1>
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<hw>Foi"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>foison</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fusio</ets> a pouring, effusion. See <er>Fusion</er>.]</ety> <def>Rich harvest; plenty; abundance.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<blockquote>       That from the seedness the bare fallow brings
       To teeming <b>foison</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foist</h1>
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<hw>Foist</hw> <tt>(foist)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>fuste</ets> stick, boat, fr. L. <ets>fustis</ets> cudgel. Cf. 1st <er>Fust</er>.]</ety> <def>A light and fast-sailing ship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Foist</h1>
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<hw>Foist</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Foisted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Foisting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OD. <ets>vysten</ets> to fizzle, D. <ets>veesten</ets>, E. <ets>fizz</ets>, <ets>fitchet</ets>, bull<ets>fist</ets>.]</ety> <def>To insert surreptitiously, wrongfully, or without warrant; to interpolate; to pass off (something spurious or counterfeit) as genuine, true, or worthy; -- usually followed by <i>in</i>.</def>

<blockquote> Lest negligence or partiality might admit or <b>fois</b>? in abuses corruption.
<i>R. Carew.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote> When a scripture has been corrupted . . . by a supposititious <b>foisting</b> of some words in.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foist</h1>
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<hw>Foist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A foister; a sharper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A trick or fraud; a swindle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Foister</h1>
<Xpage=578>

<hw>Foist"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who foists something surreptitiously; a falsitier.</def>

<i>Mir. for Mag.</i>

<h1>Foistied</h1>
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<hw>Foist"ied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Fust</er>.]</ety> <def>Fusty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Foistiness</h1>
<Xpage=578>

<hw>Foist"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fustiness; mustiness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Foisty</h1>
<Xpage=578>

<hw>Foist"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fusty; musty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Fold</h1>
<Xpage=578>

<hw>Fold</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Folded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Folding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>folden</ets>, <ets>falden</ets>, AS. <ets>fealdan</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>faltan</ets>, <ets>faldan</ets>, G. <ets>falten</ets>, Icel. <ets>falda</ets>, Dan. <ets>folde</ets>, Sw. <ets>f\'86lla</ets>, Goth. <ets>fal<?/an</ets>, cf. Gr.<?/ twofold, Skr. <ets>pu<?/a</ets> a fold. Cf. <er>Fauteuil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lap or lay in plaits or folds; to lay one part over another part of; to double; <as>as, to <ex>fold</ex> cloth; to <ex>fold</ex> a letter.</as></def>

<blockquote>As a vesture shalt thou <b>fold</b> them up.
<i>Heb. i. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To double or lay together, as the arms or the hands; <as>as, he <ex>folds</ex> his arms in despair</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To inclose within folds or plaitings; to envelop; to infold; to clasp; to embrace.</def>

<blockquote> A face <b>folded in sorrow</b>.
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We will descend and <b>fold</b> him in our arms.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cover or wrap up; to conceal.</def>

<blockquote>Nor <b>fold</b> my fault in cleanly coined excuses.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fold</h1>
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<hw>Fold</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become folded, plaited, or doubled; to close over another of the same kind; to double together; <as>as, the leaves of the door <ex>fold</ex></as>.</def>

<i>1 Kings vi. 34.</i>

<h1>Fold</h1>
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<hw>Fold</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fold</er>, <ets>v</ets>. In sense 2 AS. <ets>-feald</ets>, akin to <ets>fealdan</ets> to fold.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A doubling,esp. of any flexible substance; a part laid over on another part; a plait; a plication.</def>

<blockquote>Mummies . . . shrouded in a number of <b>folds</b> of linen.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote> <b>Folds</b> are most common in the rocks of mountainous regions.
<i>J. D. Dana.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Times or repetitions; -- used with numerals, chiefly in composition, to denote multiplication or increase in a geometrical ratio, the doubling, tripling, etc., of anything; <as>as, four<ex>fold</ex>, four times, increased in a quadruple ratio, multiplied by four</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is folded together, or which infolds or envelops; embrace.</def>

<blockquote>Shall from your neck unloose his amorous <b>fold</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fold net</col>, <cd>a kind of net used in catching birds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fold</h1>
<Xpage=578>

<hw>Fold</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fald</ets>, <ets>fold</ets>, AS. <ets>fald</ets>, <ets>falod</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inclosure for sheep; a sheep pen.</def>

<blockquote>        Leaps o'er the fence with ease into the <b>fold</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A flock of sheep; figuratively, the Church or a church; <as>as, Christ's <ex>fold</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>     There shall be one <b>fold</b> and one shepherd.
<i>John x. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>        The very whitest lamb in all my <b>fold</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A boundary; a limit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Creech.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fold yard</col>, <cd>an inclosure for sheep or cattle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fold</h1>
<Xpage=578>

<hw>Fold</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To confine in a fold, as sheep.</def>

<h1>Fold</h1>
<Xpage=578>

<hw>Fold</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To confine sheep in a fold.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>       The star that bids the shepherd <b>fold</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foldage</h1>
<Xpage=578>

<hw>Fold"age</hw>, <tt>(<?/)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fold</er> inclosure, <er>Faldage</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O.Eng.Law.)</fld> <def>See <er>Faldage</er>.</def>

<h1>Folder</h1>
<Xpage=578>

<hw>Fold"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, folds; esp., a flat, knifelike instrument used for folding paper.</def>

<h1>Folderol</h1>
<Xpage=578>

<hw>Fol"de*rol`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Nonsense.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Folding</h1>
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<hw>Fold"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of making a fold or folds; also, a fold; a doubling; a plication.</def>

<blockquote>The lower <b>foldings</b> of the vest.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>The keepig of sheep in inclosures on arable land, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Folding boat</col>, <cd>a portable boat made by stretching canvas, etc., over jointed framework, used in campaigning, and by tourists, etc.</cd></cs>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Folding chair</col><???/, a chair which may be shut up compactly for carriage or stowage; a camp chair. -- <col>Folding door</col></mcol>, <cd>one of two or more doors filling a single and hung upon hinges.</cd></cs>

<h1>Foldless</h1>
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<hw>Fold"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no fold.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Foliaceous</h1>
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<hw>Fo`li*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>foliaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or having the texture or nature of, a leaf; having leaves intermixed with flowers; <as>as, a <ex>foliaceous</ex> spike</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Consisting of leaves or thin lamin\'91; having the form of a leaf or plate; <as>as, <ex>foliaceous</ex> spar</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Leaflike in form or mode of growth; <as>as, a <ex>foliaceous</ex> coral</as>.</def>

<h1>Foliage</h1>
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<hw>Fo"li*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>foillage</ets>, <ets>fueillage</ets>, F. <ets>feuillage</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>foille</ets>, <ets>fueille</ets>, <ets>fueil</ets>, F. <ets>feulle</ets>, leaf, L. <ets>folium</ets>. See 3d <er>Foil</er>, and cf. <er>Foliation</er>, <er>Filemot</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Leaves, collectively, as produced or arranged by nature; leafage; <as>as, a tree or forest of beautiful <ex>foliage</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cluster of leaves, flowers, and branches; especially, the representation of leaves, flowers, and branches, in architecture, intended to ornament and enrich capitals, friezes, pediments, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Foliage plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any plant cultivated for the beauty of its leaves, as many kinds of <spn>Begonia</spn> and <spn>Coleus</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Foliage</h1>
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<hw>Fo"li*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To adorn with foliage or the imitation of foliage; to form into the representation of leaves.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Drummond.</i>

<h1>Foliaged</h1>
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<hw>Fo"li*aged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with foliage; leaved; <as>as, the variously <ex>foliaged</ex> mulberry</as>.</def>

<h1>Foliar</h1>
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<hw>Fo"li*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Consisting of, or pertaining to, leaves; <as>as, <ex>foliar</ex> appendages</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Foliar gap</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an opening in the fibrovascular system of a stem at the point of origin of a leaf.</cd> -- <col>Foliar trace</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a particular fibrovascular bundle passing down into the stem from a leaf.</cd></cs>

<h1>Foliate</h1>
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<hw>Fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>foliatus</ets> leaved, leafy, fr. <ets>folium</ets> leaf. See <er>Foliage</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Furnished with leaves; leafy; as, a <i>foliate</i> stalk.</def>

<cs><col>Foliate curve</col>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Folium</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Foliate</h1>
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<hw>Fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Foliated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Foliating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat into a leaf, or thin plate.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To spread over with a thin coat of tin and quicksilver; <as>as, to <ex>foliate</ex> a looking-glass</as>.</def>

<h1>Foliated</h1>
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<hw>Fo"li*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having leaves, or leaflike projections; <as>as, a <ex>foliated</ex> shell</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Containing, or consisting of, foils; <as>as, a <ex>foliated</ex> arch</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Characterized by being separable into thin plates or folia; <as>as, graphite has a <ex>foliated</ex> structure</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Laminated, but restricted to the variety of laminated structure found in crystalline schist, as mica schist, etc.; schistose.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Spread over with an amalgam of tin and quicksilver.</def>

<cs><col>Foliated telluium</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Nagyagite</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Foliation</h1>
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<hw>Fo"li*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>foliation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The process of forming into a leaf or leaves.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The manner in which the young leaves are dispo<?/ed within the bud.</def>

<blockquote> The . . . <b>foliation</b> must be in relation to the stem.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of beating a metal into a thin plate, leaf, foil, or lamina.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of coating with an amalgam of tin foil and quicksilver, as in making looking-glasses.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The enrichment of an opening by means of foils, arranged in trefoils, quatrefoils, etc.; also, one of the ornaments. See <er>Tracery</er>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The property, possessed by some crystalline rocks, of dividing into plates or slabs, which is due to the cleavage structure of one of the constituents, as mica or hornblende. It may sometimes include slaty structure or cleavage, though the latter is usually independent of any mineral constituent, and transverse to the bedding, it having been produced by pressure.</def>

<h1>Foliature</h1>
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<hw>Fo"li*a*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>foliatura</ets> foliage.]</ety> <def>1. Foliage; leafage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shuckford.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being beaten into foil.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Folier</h1>
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<hw>Fo"li*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Goldsmith's foil.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sprat.</i>

<h1>Foliferous</h1>
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<hw>Fo*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>folium</ets> leaf+ <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>foliif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing leaves.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>foliiferous</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Folily</h1>
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<hw>Fol"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Foolishly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Folio</h1>
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<hw>Fol"io</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Folios</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Ablative of L. <ets>folium</ets> leaf. See 4th <er>Foil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A leaf of a book or manuscript.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sheet of paper once folded.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A book made of sheets of paper each folded once (four pages to the sheet); hence, a book of the largest kind. See Note under <er>Paper</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The page number. The even folios are on the left-hand pages and the odd folios on the right-hand.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A page of a book; <fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld> a page in an account book; sometimes, two opposite pages bearing the same serial number.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A leaf containing a certain number of words, hence, a certain number of words in a writing, as in England, in law proceedings 72, and in chancery, 90; in New York, 100 words</def>.

<cs><col>Folio post</col>, <cd>a flat writing paper, usually  17 by 24 inches.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fol'io</h1>
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<hw>Fol'io</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put a serial number on each folio or page of (a book); to page.</def>

<h1>Fol'io</h1>
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<hw>Fol'io</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed of sheets each folded once, making two leaves, or four pages; <as>as, a <ex>folio</ex> volume</as>. See <er>Folio</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Fo'liolate</h1>
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<hw>Fo"'li*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to leaflets; -- used in composition; <as>as, bi-<ex>foliolate</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Foliole</h1>
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<hw>Fo"li*ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of L. <ets>folium</ets> leaf: cf. F. <ets>foliole</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the distinct parts of a compound leaf; a leaflet.</def>

<h1>Foliomort</h1>
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<hw>Fo`li*o*mort"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Feuillemort</er>.</def>

<h1>Foliose</h1>
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<hw>Fo`li*ose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>foliosus</ets>, fr. <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having many leaves; leafy.</def>

<h1>Foliosity</h1>
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<hw>Fo`li*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The ponderousness or bulk of a folio; voluminousness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Folious</h1>
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<hw>Fo"li*ous</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Foliose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Like a leaf; thin; unsubstantial</def>. <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Foliose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Folium</h1>
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<hw>Fo"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Foliums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Folia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a leaf.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A leaf, esp. a thin leaf or plate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve of the third order, consisting of two infinite branches, which have a common asymptote. The curve has a double point, and a leaf-shaped loop; whence the name. Its equation is <mathex>x<exp>3</exp> + y<exp>3</exp> = axy</mathex>.</def>

<hr>
<page="579">
Page 579<p>

<h1>Folk, Folks</h1>
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<hw><hw>Folk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Folks</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n. collect. & pl.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>folc</ets>; akin to D. <ets>volk</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>folk</ets>, G. <ets>volk</ets>, Icel. <ets>f<?/lk</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>folk</ets>, Lith. <ets>pulkas</ets> crowd, and perh. to E. <ets>follow</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The organization of each <b>folk</b>, as such, sprang mainly from war.
<i>J. R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>People in general, or a separate class of people; -- generally used in the plural form, and often with a qualifying adjective; <as>as, the old <ex>folks</ex>; poor <ex>folks</ex>.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>In winter's tedious nights, sit by the fire
With good old <b>folks</b>, and let them tell thee tales.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The persons of one's own family; <as>as, our <ex>folks</ex> are all well</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. New Eng.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<cs><col>Folk song</col>, <cd>one of a class of songs long popular with the common people.</cd> -- <col>Folk speech</col>, <cd>the speech of the common people, as distinguished from that of the educated class.</cd></cs>

<h1>Folkland</h1>
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<hw>Folk"land`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>folcland</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O.Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Land held in villenage, being distributed among the <i>folk</i>, or people, at the pleasure of the lord of the manor, and resumed at his discretion. Not being held by any assurance in writing, it was opposed to <i>book</i>land or <i>charter</i> land, which was held by deed.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Folklore, n., &or; Folk lore</h1>
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<hw><hw>Folk"lore`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, &or; <hw>Folk" lore`</hw><hw><def>. Tales, legends, or superstitions long current among the people.</def>

<i>Trench.</i>

<h1>Folkmote</h1>
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<hw>Folk"mote`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>folcm<?/t</ets> folk meeting.]</ety> <def>An assembly of the people</def>; esp. <fld>(Sax. Law)</fld>, <def>a general assembly of the people to consider and order matters of the commonwealth; also, a local court.</def> <mark>[Hist.]</mark>

<blockquote>To which <b>folkmote</b> they all with one consent
Agreed to travel.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Folkmoter</h1>
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<hw>Folk"mot`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who takes part in a folkmote, or local court.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Follicle</h1>
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<hw>Fol"li*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>folliculus</ets> a small bag, husk, pod, dim of <ets>follis</ets> bellows, an inflated ball, a leathern money bag, perh. akin to E. <ets>bellows</ets>: cf. F. <ets>follicule</ets>. Cf. 2d <er>Fool</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A simple podlike pericarp which contains several seeds and opens along the inner or ventral suture, as in the peony, larkspur and milkweed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small cavity, tubular depression, or sac; <as>as, a hair <ex>follicle</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A simple gland or glandular cavity; a crypt.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A small mass of adenoid tissue; <as>as, a lymphatic <ex>follicle</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Follicular</h1>
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<hw>Fol*lic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Like, pertaining to, or consisting of, a follicles or follicles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Affecting the follicles; <as>as, <ex>follicular</ex> pharyngitis</as>.</def>

<h1>Folliculated</h1>
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<hw>Fol*lic"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having follicles.</def>

<h1>Folliculous</h1>
<Xpage=579>

<hw>Fol*lic"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>folliculosus</ets> full of husks: cf. F. <ets>folliculeux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having or producing follicles.</def>

<h1>Folliful</h1>
<Xpage=579>

<hw>Fol"li*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of folly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Follow</h1>
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<hw>Fol"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Followed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Following</er>.]</wordforms><ety>[OE. <ets>foluwen</ets>, <ets>folwen</ets>, <ets>folgen</ets>, AS. <ets>folgian</ets>, <ets>fylgean</ets>, <ets>fylgan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>volgen</ets>, OHG. <ets>folg<?/n</ets>, G. <ets>folgen</ets>, Icel. <ets>fylgja</ets>, Sw. <ets>f\'94lja</ets>, Dan. <ets>f\'94lge</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>folk</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go or come after; to move behind in the same path or direction; hence, to go with (a leader, guide, etc.); to accompany; to attend.</def>

<blockquote>         It waves me forth again; I'll <b>follow</b> it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To endeavor to overtake; to go in pursuit of; to chase; to pursue; to prosecute.</def>

<blockquote> I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians, and they shall <b>follow</b> them.
<i>Ex. xiv. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To accept as authority; to adopt the opinions of; to obey; to yield to; to take as a rule of action; <as>as, to <ex>follow</ex> good advice</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Approve the best, and <b>follow</b> what I approve.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Follow</b> peace with all men.
<i>Heb. xii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote> It is most agreeable to some men to <b>follow</b> their reason; and to others to <b>follow</b> their appetites.
<i>J. Edwards.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To copy after; to take as an example.</def>

<blockquote> We had rather <b>follow</b> the perfections of them whom we like not, than in defects resemble them whom we love.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To succeed in order of time, rank, or office.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To result from, as an effect from a cause, or an inference from a premise.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To watch, as a receding object; to keep the eyes fixed upon while in motion; to keep the mind upon while in progress, as a speech, musical performance, etc.; also, to keep up with; to understand the meaning, connection, or force of, as of a course of thought or argument.</def>

<blockquote>       He <b>followed</b> with his eyes the flitting shade.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To walk in, as a road or course; to attend upon closely, as a profession or calling.</def>

<blockquote>O, had I but <b>followed</b> the arts!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O Antony! I have <b>followed</b> thee to this.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Follow board</col> <fld>(Founding)</fld>, <cd>a board on which the pattern and the flask lie while the sand is rammed into the flask.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>To follow the hounds</col>, <cd>to hunt with dogs.</cd> -- <col>To follow suit</col> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld>, <cd>to play a card of the same suit as the leading card; hence, colloquially, to follow an example set.</cd> -- <col>To follow up</col>, <cd>to pursue indefatigably.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn.- To pursue; chase; go after; attend; accompany; succeed; imitate; copy; embrace; maintain.</syn> <usage>- To <er>Follow</er>, <er>Pursue</er>. To <i>follow</i> (v.t.) denotes simply to go after; to <i>pursue</i> denotes to follow with earnestness, and with a view to attain some definite object; <as>as, a hound <ex>pursues</ex> the deer</as>. So a person <i>follows</i> a companion whom he wishes to overtake on a journey; the officers of justice <i>pursue</i> a felon who has escaped from prison.</usage>

<h1>Follow</h1>
<Xpage=579>

<hw>Fol"low</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To go or come after; -- used in the various senses of the transitive verb: To pursue; to attend; to accompany; to be a result; to imitate.</def>

<syn>Syn.- To <er>Follow</er>, <er>Succeed</er>, <er>Ensue</er>.</syn> <usage> To <i>follow</i> (v.i.) means simply to come after; <as>as, a crowd <ex>followed</ex></as>. <i>To succeed</i> means to come after in some regular series or succession; <as>as, day <ex>succeeds</ex> to day, and night to night</as>. To <i>ensue</i> means to follow by some established connection or principle of sequence. As wave <i>follows</i> wave, revolution <i>succeeds</i> to revolution; and nothing <i>ensues</i> but accumulated wretchedness.</usage>

<h1>Follower</h1>
<Xpage=579>

<hw>Fol"low*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>folwere</ets>, AS. <ets>folgere</ets>.]</ety> <def>1. One who follows; a pursuer; an attendant; a disciple; a dependent associate; a retainer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sweetheart; a beau.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>A. Trollope.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The removable flange, or cover, of a piston. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Piston</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A gland. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Stuffing box</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The part of a machine that receives motion from another part. See <er>Driver</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Among law stationers, a sheet of parchment or paper which is added to the first sheet of an indenture or other deed.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Imitator; copier; disciple; adherent; partisan; dependent; attendant.</syn>

<h1>Following</h1>
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<hw>Fol"low*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One's followers, adherents, or dependents, collectively.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Vocation; business; profession.</def>

<h1>Following</h1>
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<hw>Fol"low*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Next after; succeeding; ensuing; <as>as, the assembly was held on the <ex>following</ex> day</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>(In the field of a telescope) In the direction from which stars are apparently moving (in consequence of the erth's rotation); <as>as, a small star, north <ex>following</ex> or south <ex>following</ex></as>. In the direction toward which stars appear to move is called <i>preceding</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; The four principal directions in the field of a telescope are <i>north</i>, <i>south</i>, <i>following</i>, <i>preceding</i>.</note>

<h1>Folly</h1>
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<hw>Fol"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Follies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>folie</ets>, <ets>foli</ets>, F. <ets>folie</ets>, fr. <ets>fol</ets>, <ets>fou</ets>, foolish, mad. See <er>Fool</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being foolish; want of good sense; levity, weakness, or derangement of mind.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A foolish act; an inconsiderate or thoughtless procedure; weak or light-minded conduct; foolery.</def>

<blockquote>          What <b>folly</b> 'tis to hazard life for ill.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Scandalous crime; sin; specifically, as applied to a woman, wantonness.</def>

<blockquote>[Achan] wrought <b>folly</b> in Israel.
<i>Josh. vii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When lovely woman stoops to <b>folly</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The result of a foolish action or enterprise.</def>

<blockquote> It is called this man's or that man's "<b>folly</b>," and name of the foolish builder is thus kept alive for long after years.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Folwe</h1>
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<hw>Fol"we</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To follow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fomalhaut</h1>
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<hw>Fo"mal*haut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A<?/.,prop., mouth of the large fish: cf. F. <ets>Fomalhaut</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A star of the first magnitude, in the constellation <i>Piscis Australis</i>, or Southern Fish.</def>

<h1>Foment</h1>
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<hw>Fo*ment"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fomented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fomenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>fomenter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fomentare</ets>, fr. <ets>fomentum</ets> (for <ets>fovimentum</ets>) a warm application or lotion, fr. <ets>fovere</ets> to warm or keep warm; perh. akin to Gr. <?/ to roast, and E. <ets>bake</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To apply a warm lotion to; to bathe with a cloth or sponge wet with warm water or medicated liquid.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cherish with heat; to foster.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Which these soft fires . . . <b>foment</b> and warm.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To nurse to life or activity; to cherish and promote by excitements; to encourage; to abet; to instigate; -- used often in a bad sense; <as>as, to <ex>foment</ex> ill humors</as>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>          But quench the choler you <b>foment</b> in vain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>         Exciting and <b>fomenting</b> a religious rebellion.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fomentation</h1>
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<hw>Fo`men*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<?/. <ets>fomentatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fomentation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of fomenting; the application of warm, soft, medicinal substances, as for the purpose of easing pain, by relaxing the skin, or of discussing tumors.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The lotion applied to a diseased part.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Excitation; instigation; encouragement.</def>

<blockquote>Dishonest <b>fomentation</b> of your pride.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fomenter</h1>
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<hw>Fo*ment"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who foments; one who encourages or instigates; <as>as, a <ex>fomenter</ex> of sedition</as>.</def>

<h1>Fomes</h1>
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<hw>Fo"mes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fomites</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>fomes</ets>, <ets>-itis</ets>, touch-wood, tinder.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any substance supposed to be capable of absorbing, retaining, and transporting contagious or infectious germs; <as>as, woolen clothes are said to be active <ex>fomites</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Fon</h1>
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<hw>Fon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. <ets>f\'beni</ets> silly, <ets>f\'bena</ets> to act silly, Sw. <ets>f\'86ne</ets> fool. Cf. <er>Fond</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A fool; an idiot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fond</h1>
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<hw>Fond</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Find</er>.  Found.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fond</h1>
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<hw>Fond</hw>, <tt>a.</tt>   <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Fonder</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Fondest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For <ets>fonned</ets>, p. p. of OE. <ets>fonnen</ets> to be foolish. See <er>Fon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Foolish; silly; simple; weak.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Grant I may never prove so <b>fond</b>
To trust man on his oath or bond.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Foolishly tender and loving; weakly indulgent; over-affectionate.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Affectionate; loving; tender; -- in a good sense; <as>as, a <ex>fond</ex> mother or wife</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Loving; much pleased; affectionately regardful, indulgent, or desirous; longing or yearning; --  followed by <i>of</i> (formerly also by <i>on</i>).</def>

<blockquote>           More <b>fond</b> on her than she upon her love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>           You are as <b>fond</b> of grief as of your child.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>     A great traveler, and <b>fond</b> of telling his adventures.
<i>Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Doted on; regarded with affection.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote> Nor fix on <b>fond</b> abodes to circumscribe thy prayer.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Trifling; valued by folly; trivial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fond</h1>
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<hw>Fond</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To caress; to fondle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>    The Tyrian hugs and <b>fonds</b> thee on her breast.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fond</h1>
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<hw>Fond</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be fond; to dote.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fonde</h1>
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<hw>Fond"e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fandian</ets> to try.]</ety> <def>To endeavor; to strive; to try.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fondle</h1>
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<hw>Fon"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fondled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fondling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Fond</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>To treat or handle with tenderness or in a loving manner; to caress; <as>as, a nurse <ex>fondles</ex> a child</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn.- See <er>Caress</er>.</syn>

<h1>Fondler</h1>
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<hw>Fon"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fondles.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Fondling</h1>
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<hw>Fon"dling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fondle</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of caressing; manifestation of tenderness.</def>

<blockquote>          Cyrus made no . . . amorous <b>fondling</b>
          To fan her pride, or melt her guardless heart.
<i>Mickle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fondling</h1>
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<hw>Fond"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fond</ets> + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person or thing fondled or caressed; one treated with foolish or doting affection.</def>

<blockquote><b>Fondlings</b> are in danger to be made fools.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fool; a simpleton; a ninny.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Fondly</h1>
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<hw>Fond"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Foolishly.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Verstegan (1673).</i>

<blockquote>          Make him speak <b>fondly</b> like a frantic man.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a fond manner; affectionately; tenderly.</def>

<blockquote>      My heart, untarveled, <b>fondly</b> turns to thee.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fondness</h1>
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<hw>Fond"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being fond; foolishness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>                 <b>Fondness</b> it were for any, being free,
                 To covet fetters, though they golden be.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Doting affection; tender liking; strong appetite, propensity, or relish; <as>as, he had a <ex>fondness</ex> for truffles</as>.</def>

<blockquote>       My heart had still some foolish <b>fondness</b> for thee.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn.- Attachment; affection; love; kindness.</syn>

<h1>Fondon</h1>
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<hw>Fon"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fondant</ets> flux.]</ety> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A large copper vessel used for hot amalgamation.</def>

<h1>Fondus</h1>
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<hw>Fon`dus"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fondu</ets>, prop. p.p. of <ets>fondre</ets> to melt, blend. See <er>Found</er> to cast.]</ety> <def>A style of printing calico, paper hangings, etc., in which the colors are in bands and graduated into each other.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Fone</h1>
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<hw>Fone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <def><tt>pl.</tt> of <er>Foe</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Fonge</h1>
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<hw>Fong"e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fang</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To take; to receive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fonly</h1>
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<hw>Fon"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fon</er>.]</ety> <def>Foolishly; fondly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Fonne</h1>
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<hw>Fon"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Font</h1>
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<hw>Font</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fonte</ets>, fr. <ets>fondre</ets> to melt or cast. See <er>Found</er> to cast, and cf. <er>Fount</er> a font.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A complete assortment of printing type of one size, including a due proportion of all the letters in the alphabet, large and small, points, accents, and whatever else is necessary for printing with that variety of types; a fount.</def>

<h1>Font</h1>
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<hw>Font</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>font</ets>, <ets>fant</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fons</ets>, <ets>fontis</ets>, spring, fountain; cf. OF. <ets>font</ets>, <ets>funt</ets>, F. <ets>fonts</ets>, <ets>fonts baptismaux</ets>, pl. See <er>Fount</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fountain; a spring; a source.</def>

<blockquote>      Bathing forever in the <b>font</b> of bliss.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A basin or stone vessel in which water is contained for baptizing.</def>

<blockquote>           That name was given me at the <b>font</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fontal</h1>
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<hw>Font"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a font, fountain, source, or origin; original; primitive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>         From the <b>fontal</b> light of ideas only can a man draw intellectual power.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fontanel</h1>
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<hw>Fon"ta*nel`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fontanelle</ets>, prop., a little fountain, fr. <ets>fontaine</ets> fountain. See <er>Fountain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An issue or artificial ulcer for the discharge of humors from the body.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the membranous intervals between the incompleted angles of the parietal and neighboring bones of a fetal or young skull; -- so called because it exhibits a rhythmical pulsation.</def>

<note>&hand; In the human fetus there are six fontanels, of which the anterior, or bregmatic, situated at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures, is much the largest, and remains open a considerable time after birth.</note>

<h1>Fontanelle</h1>
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<hw>Fon`ta`nelle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Fontanel</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Fontange</h1>
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<hw>Fon`tange"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from the name of the first wearer, Mlle. de <ets>Fontanges</ets>, about 1679.]</ety> <def>A kind of tall headdress formerly worn.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Food</h1>
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<hw>Food</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fode</ets>, AS. <ets>f\'d3da</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>f\'91\'eba</ets>, <ets>f\'91\'ebi</ets>, Sw. <ets>f\'94da</ets>, Dan. & LG. <ets>f\'94de</ets>, OHG. <ets>fatunga</ets>, Gr. <grk>patei^sthai</grk> to eat, and perh. to Skr. <ets>p\'be</ets> to protect, L. <ets>pascere</ets> to feed, pasture, <ets>pabulum</ets> food, E. <ets>pasture</ets>. \'fb75. Cf. <er>Feed</er>, <er>Fodder</er> food, <er>Foster</er> to cherish.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>What is fed upon; that which goes to support life by being received within, and assimilated by, the organism of an animal or a plant; nutriment; aliment; especially, what is eaten by animals for nourishment.</def>

<note>&hand; In a physiological sense, true aliment is to be distinguished as that portion of the food which is capable of being digested and absorbed into the blood, thus furnishing nourishment, in distinction from the indigestible matter which passes out through the alimentary canal as f\'91ces.</note>

<note>&hand; Foods are divided into two main groups: <i>nitrogenous</i>, or <i>proteid</i>, foods, <it>i.e.</it>, those which contain nitrogen, and <i>nonnitrogenous</i>, <it>i.e.</it>, those which do not contain nitrogen. The latter group embraces the fats and carbohydrates, which collectively are sometimes termed <i>heat producers</i> or <i>respiratory foods</i>, since by oxidation in the body they especially subserve the production of heat. The proteids, on the other hand, are known as <i>plastic foods</i> or <i>tissue formers</i>, since no tissue can be formed without them.  These latter terms, however, are misleading, since proteid foods may also give rise to heat both directly and indirectly, and the fats and carbohydrates are useful in other ways than in producing heat.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything that instructs the intellect, excites the feelings, or molds habits of character; that which nourishes.</def>

<blockquote>This may prove <b>food</b> to my displeasure.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In this moment there is life and <b>food</b>
For future years.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Food</i> is often used adjectively or in self-explaining compounds, as in <i>food</i> fish or <i>food</i>-fish, <i>food</i> supply.</note>

<cs><col>Food vacuole</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the spaces in the interior of a protozoan in which food is contained, during digestion.</cd> -- <col>Food yolk</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Yolk</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Aliment; sustenance; nutriment; feed; fare; victuals; provisions; meat.</syn>

<h1>Food</h1>
<Xpage=579>

<hw>Food</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To supply with food.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Baret.</i>

<hr>
<page="580">
Page 580<p>

<h1>Foodful</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Food"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of food; supplying food; fruitful; fertile.</def> "The <i>foodful</i> earth."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Bent by its <b>foodful</b> burden [the corn].
<i>Glover.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foodless</h1>
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<hw>Food"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without food; barren.</def>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Foody</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Food"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Eatable; fruitful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Fool</h1>
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<hw>Fool</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fouler</ets> to tread, crush. Cf. 1st <er>Foil</er>.]</ety> <def>A compound of gooseberries scalded and crushed, with cream; -- commonly called <i>gooseberry fool</i>.</def>

<h1>Fool</h1>
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<hw>Fool</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fol</ets>, <tt>n.</tt> & adj., F. <ets>fol</ets>, <ets>fou</ets>, foolish, mad; a fool, prob. fr. L. <ets>follis</ets> a bellows, wind bag, an inflated ball; perh. akin to E. <ets>bellows</ets>. Cf. <er>Folly</er>, <er>Follicle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One destitute of reason, or of the common powers of understanding; an idiot; a natural.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person deficient in intellect; one who acts absurdly, or pursues a course contrary to the dictates of wisdom; one without judgment; a simpleton; a dolt.</def>

<blockquote>           Extol not riches, then, the toil of <b>fools</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote> Experience keeps a dear school, but <b>fools</b> will learn in no <b>other</b>.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>One who acts contrary to moral and religious wisdom; a wicked person.</def>

<blockquote>    The <b>fool</b> hath said in his heart, There is no God.
<i>Ps. xiv. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who counterfeits folly; a professional jester or buffoon; a retainer formerly kept to make sport, dressed fantastically in motley, with ridiculous accouterments.</def>

<blockquote>         Can they think me . . . their <b>fool</b> or jester?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>April fool</col>, <col>Court fool</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>April</er>, <er>Court</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fool's cap</col>, <cd>a cap or hood to which bells were usually attached, formerly worn by professional jesters.</cd> -- <col>Fool's errand</col>, <cd>an unreasonable, silly, profitless adventure or undertaking.</cd> -- <col>Fool's gold</col>, <cd>iron or copper pyrites, resembling gold in color.</cd> -- <col>Fool's paradise</col>, <cd>a name applied to a limbo (see under <er>Limbo</er>) popularly believed to be the region of vanity and nonsense. Hence, any foolish pleasure or condition of vain self-satistaction.</cd> -- <col>Fool's parsley</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an annual umbelliferous plant (<spn>\'92thusa Cynapium</spn>) resembling parsley, but nauseous and poisonous.</cd> -- <col>To make a fool of</col>, <cd>to render ridiculous; to outwit; to shame.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To play the fool</col>, <cd>to act the buffoon; to act a foolish part. "I have <i>played the fool<i>, and have erred exceedingly." <i>1 Sam. xxvi. 21.</i></cd></cs>

<h1>Fool</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Fool</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fooled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fooling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To play the fool; to trifle; to toy; to spend time in idle sport or mirth.</def>
<-- = to fool around -->

<blockquote>Is this a time for <b>fooling</b>?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fool</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Fool</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To infatuate; to make foolish.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>For, <b>fooled</b> with hope, men favor the deceit.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To use as a fool; to deceive in a shameful or mortifying manner; to impose upon; to cheat by inspiring foolish confidence; <as>as, to <ex>fool</ex> one out of his money</as>.</def>

<blockquote>You are <b>fooled</b>, discarded, and shook off
By him for whom these shames ye underwent.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To fool away</col>, <cd>to get rid of foolishly; to spend in trifles, idleness, folly, or without advantage.</cd></cs>

<h1>Foolahs</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foo"lahs`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Foolah</singw></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Fulahs</er>.</def>

<h1>Fool-born</h1>
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<hw>Fool"-born`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Begotten by a fool.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Foolery</h1>
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<hw>Fool"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fooleries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The practice of folly; the behavior of a fool; absurdity.</def>

<blockquote>Folly in fools bears not so strong a note,
As <b>foolery</b> in the wise, when wit doth dote.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An act of folly or weakness; a foolish practice; something absurd or nonsensical.</def>

<blockquote>That Pythagoras, Plato, or Orpheus, believed in any of these <b>fooleries</b>, it can not be suspected.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foolfish</h1>
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<hw>Fool"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The orange filefish<--clownfish?-->. See <er>Filefish</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The winter flounder. See <er>Flounder</er>.</def>

<h1>Fool-happy</h1>
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<hw>Fool"-hap`py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lucky, without judgment or contrivance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Foolhardihood</h1>
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<hw>Fool"har`di*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being foolhardy; foolhardiness.</def>

<h1>Foolhardily</h1>
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<hw>Fool"har`di*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a foolhardy manner.</def>

<h1>Foolhardiness</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Fool"har`di*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Courage without sense or judgment; foolish rashness; recklessness.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Foolhardise</h1>
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<hw>Fool"har`dise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fool</ets>, F. <ets>fol</ets>, <ets>fou</ets> + F. <ets>hardiesse</ets> boldness.]</ety> <def>Foolhardiness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Foolhardy</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Fool"har`dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>folhardi</ets>. See <er>Fool</er> idiot, and <er>Hardy</er>.]</ety> <def>Daring without judgment; foolishly adventurous and bold.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Rash; venturesome; venturous; precipitate; reckless; headlong; incautious. See <er>Rash</er>.</syn>

<h1>Fool-hasty</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Fool"-has`ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Foolishly hasty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Foolify</h1>
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<hw>Fool"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fool</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make a fool of; to befool.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Foolish</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Fool"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Marked with, or exhibiting, folly; void of understanding; weak in intellect; without judgment or discretion; silly; unwise.</def>

<blockquote>           I am a very <b>foolish</b> fond old man.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Such as a fool would do; proceeding from weakness of mind or silliness; exhibiting a want of judgment or discretion; <as>as, a <ex>foolish</ex> act</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Absurd; ridiculous; despicable; contemptible.</def>

<blockquote>                 A <b>foolish</b> figure he must make.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Absurd; shallow; shallow-brained; brainless; simple; irrational; unwise; imprudent; indiscreet; incautious; silly; ridiculous; vain; trifling; contemptible. See <er>Absurd</er>.</syn>

<h1>Foolishly</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Fool"ish*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a foolish manner.</def>

<h1>Foolishness</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Fool"ish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being foolish.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A foolish practice; an absurdity.</def>

<blockquote> The preaching of the cross is to them that perish <b>foolishness</b>.
<i>1 Cor. i. 18.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fool-large</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Fool"-large`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>follarge</ets>. See <er>Fool</er>, and <er>Large</er>.]</ety> <def>Foolishly liberal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fool-largesse</h1>
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<hw>Fool"-lar*gesse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fool-large</er>, <er>Largess</er>.]</ety> <def>Foolish expenditure; waste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Foolscap</h1>
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<hw>Fools"cap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from the watermark of a <ets>fool's cap and bells</ets> used by old paper makers. See <ets>Fool's cap</ets>, under <er>Fool</er>.]</ety> <def>A writing paper made in sheets, ordinarily 16 x 13 inches, and folded so as to make a page 13 x 8 inches. See <er>Paper</er>.</def>

<h1>Foot</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Feet</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>fot</ets>, <ets>foot</ets>, pl. <?/ <ets>feet</ets>. AS. <ets>f<?/t</ets>, pl. <ets>f<?/t</ets>; akin to D. <ets>voet</ets>, OHG. <ets>fuoz</ets>, G. <ets>fuss</ets>, Icel. <ets>f<?/ir</ets>, Sw. <ets>fot</ets>, Dan. <ets>fod</ets>, Goth. <ets>f<?/tus</ets>, L. <ets>pes</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>p\'bed</ets>, Icel. <ets>fet</ets> step, pace measure of a foot, <ets>feta</ets> to step, find one's way. \'fb77, 250. Cf. <er>Antipodes</er>, <er>Cap-a-pie</er>, <er>Expedient</er>, <er>Fet</er> to fetch, <er>Fetlock</er>, <er>Fetter</er>, <er>Pawn</er> a piece in chess, <er>Pedal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The terminal part of the leg of man or an animal; esp., the part below the ankle or wrist; that part of an animal upon which it rests when standing, or moves. See <er>Manus</er>, and <er>Pes</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The muscular locomotive organ of a mollusk. It is a median organ arising from the ventral region of body, often in the form of a flat disk, as in snails. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Buccinum</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which corresponds to the foot of a man or animal; <as>as, the <ex>foot</ex> of a table; the <ex>foot</ex> of a stocking.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The lowest part or base; the ground part; the bottom, as of a mountain or column; also, the last of a row or series; the end or extremity, esp. if associated with inferiority; <as>as, the <ex>foot</ex> of a hill; the <ex>foot</ex> of the procession; the <ex>foot</ex> of a class; the <ex>foot</ex> of the bed.</as></def>

<blockquote>                                  And now at <b>foot</b>
         Of heaven's ascent they lift their feet.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Fundamental principle; basis; plan; -- used only in the singular.</def>

<blockquote>     Answer directly upon the <b>foot</b> of dry reason.
<i>Berkeley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Recognized condition; rank; footing; -- used only in the singular.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>        As to his being on the <b>foot</b> of a servant.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A measure of length equivalent to twelve inches; one third of a yard. See <er>Yard</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; This measure is supposed to be taken from the length of a man's foot. It differs in length in different countries. In the United States and in England it is 304.8 millimeters.</note>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Soldiers who march and fight on foot; the infantry, usually designated as <i>the foot</i>, in distinction from the cavalry.</def> "Both horse and <i>foot</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A combination of syllables consisting a metrical element of a verse, the syllables being formerly distinguished by their quantity or length, but in modern poetry by the accent.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The lower edge of a sail.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Foot</i> is often used adjectively, signifying <i>of or pertaining to a foot or the feet</i>, <i>or to the base or lower part</i>. It is also much used as the first of compounds.</note>

<cs> <col>Foot artillery</col>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Artillery soldiers serving in foot.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Heavy artillery.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> -- <col>Foot bank</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>a raised way within a parapet.</cd> -- <col>Foot barracks</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>barracks for infantery.</cd> -- <col>Foot bellows</col>, <cd>a bellows worked by a treadle.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>Foot company</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a company of infantry.</cd> <i>Milton.</i> -- <col>Foot gear</col>, <cd>covering for the feet, as stocking, shoes, or boots.</cd> -- <col>Foot hammer</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a small tilt hammer moved by a treadle.</cd> -- <col>Foot iron</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The step of a carriage.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A fetter.</cd> -- <col>Foot jaw</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Maxilliped</er>.</cd> -- <col>Foot key</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>an organ pedal.</cd> -- <col>Foot level</col> <fld>(Gunnery)</fld>, <cd>a form of level used in giving any proposed angle of elevation to a piece of ordnance.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> -- <col>Foot mantle</col>, <cd>a long garment to protect the dress in riding; a riding skirt.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Foot page</col>, <cd>an errand boy; an attendant.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Foot passenger</col>, <cd>one who passes on foot, as over a road or bridge.</cd> -- <col>Foot pavement</col>, <cd>a paved way for foot passengers; a footway; a trottoir.</cd> -- <col>Foot poet</col>, <cd>an inferior poet; a poetaster. <mark>[R.]</mark></cd> <i>Dryden.</i> -- <col>Foot post</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A letter carrier who travels on foot.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A mail delivery by means of such carriers.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fot pound</col>, &and; <col>Foot poundal</col></mcol>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Foot pound</er> and <er>Foot poundal</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Foot press</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a cutting, embossing, or printing press, moved by a treadle.</cd> -- <col>Foot race</col>, <cd>a race run by persons on foot.</cd> <i>Cowper.</i> -- <col>Foot rail</col>, <cd>a railroad rail, with a wide flat flange on the lower side.</cd> -- <col>Foot rot</col>, <cd>an ulcer in the feet of sheep; claw sickness.</cd> -- <col>Foot rule</col>, <cd>a rule or measure twelve inches long.</cd> -- <col>Foot screw</col>, <cd>an adjusting screw which forms a foot, and serves to give a machine or table a level standing on an uneven place.</cd> -- <col>Foot secretion</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sclerobase</er>.</cd> -- <col>Foot soldier</col>, <cd>a soldier who serves on foot.</cd> -- <col>Foot stick</col> <fld>(Printing)</fld>, <cd>a beveled piece of furniture placed against the foot of the page, to hold the type in place.</cd> -- <col>Foot stove</col>, <cd>a small box, with an iron pan, to hold hot coals for warming the feet.</cd> -- <col>Foot tubercle</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Parapodium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Foot valve</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>the valve that opens to the air pump from the condenser.</cd> -- <col>Foot vise</col>, <cd>a kind of vise the jaws of which are operated by a treadle.</cd> -- <col>Foot waling</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the inside planks or lining of a vessel over the floor timbers.</cd> <i>Totten.</i> -- <col>Foot wall</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>the under wall of an inclosed vein.</cd></cs>

<cs> <mcol><col>By foot</col>, &or; <col>On foot</col></mcol>, <cd>by walking; as, to pass a stream <i>on foot<i>.</cd> -- <col>Cubic foot</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cubic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Foot and mouth disease</col>, <cd>a contagious disease <it>(Eczema epizo\'94tica)</it> of cattle, sheep, swine, etc., characterized by the formation of vesicles and ulcers in the mouth and about the hoofs.</cd> -- <col>Foot of the fine</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the concluding portion of an acknowledgment in court by which, formerly, the title of land was conveyed. See <cref>Fine of land</cref>, under <er>Fine</er>, <tt>n.</tt>; also <er>Chirograph</er>. (b).</cd> -- <col>Square foot</col>. <cd>See under <er>Square</er>.</cd> -- <col>To be on foot</col>, <cd>to be in motion, action, or process of execution.</cd> -- <col>To keep the foot</col> <fld>(Script.)</fld>, <cd>to preserve decorum. "<i>Keep thy foot<i> when thou goest to the house of God."</cd> <i>Eccl. v. 1.</i> -- <col>To put one's foot down</col>, <cd>to take a resolute stand; to be determined.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To put the best foot foremost</col>, <cd>to make a good appearance; to do one's best.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</<mark> -- <col>To set on foot</col>, <cd>to put in motion; to originate; as, <i>to set on foot<i> a subscription.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To</col> <col>put, &or; set</col>, <col>one on his feet</col></mcol>, <cd>to put one in a position to go on; to assist to start.</cd> -- <col>Under foot</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Under the feet; (<mark>Fig.</mark>) <cd>at one's mercy; as, to trample <i>under foot<i>.</cd> <i>Gibbon.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Below par.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "They would be forced to sell . . . far <i>under foot</i>." <i>Bacon.</i></cs>

<h1>Foot</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Footed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Footing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To tread to measure or music; to dance; to trip; to skip.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To walk; -- opposed to <i>ride</i> or <i>fly</i>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Foot</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To kick with the foot; to spurn.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To set on foot; to establish; to land.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What confederacy have you with the traitors
Late <b>footed</b> in the kingdom?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To tread; <as>as, to <ex>foot</ex> the green</as>.</def>

<i>Tickell.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To sum up, as the numbers in a column; -- sometimes with <i>up</i>; <as>as, to <ex>foot</ex> (or <ex>foot</ex> up) an account</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The size or strike with the talon.</def> <mark>[Poet.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To renew the foot of, as of stocking.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>To foot a bill</col>, <cd>to pay it.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To foot it</col></mcol>, <cd>to walk; also, to dance.</cd></cs><-- = to hoof it (to walk) -->

<blockquote>If you are for a merry jaunt, I'll try, for once, who can <b>foot it</b> farthest.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Football</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"ball`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inflated ball to be kicked in sport, usually made in India rubber, or a bladder incased in Leather.</def>

<i>Waller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The game of kicking the football by opposing parties of players between goals.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Footband</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"band`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A band of foot soldiers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Footbath</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"bath`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bath for the feet; also, a vessel used in bathing the feet.</def>

<h1>Footboard</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A board or narrow platfrom upon which one may stand or brace his feet</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The platform for the engineer and fireman of a locomotive</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The foot-rest of a coachman's box.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A board forming the foot of a bedstead.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A treadle.</def>

<h1>Footboy</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"boy`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A page; an attendant in livery; a lackey.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Footbreadth</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"breadth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The breadth of a foot; -- used as a measure.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<blockquote>Not so much as a <b>footbreadth</b>.
<i>Deut. ii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Footbridge</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"bridge`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A narrow bridge for foot passengers only.</def>

<h1>Footcloth</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"cloth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Formerly, a housing or caparison for a horse.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Footed</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a foot or feet; shaped in the foot.</def> "<i>Footed</i> like a goat."

<i>Grew.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Footed</i> is often used in composition in the sense of <i>having</i> (<i>such</i> or <i>so many</i>) <i>feet</i>; as, four<i>footed</i> beasts.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a foothold; established.</def>

<blockquote>Our king . . . is <b>footed</b> in this land already.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Footfall</h1>
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<hw>Foot"fall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>A setting down of the foot; a footstep; the sound of a footstep.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Seraphim, whose <b>footfalls</b> tinkled on the tufted floor.
<i>Poe<?/.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Footfight</h1>
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<hw>Foot"fight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A conflict by persons on foot; -- distinguished from a fight on horseback.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Footglove</h1>
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<hw>Foot"glove`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of stocking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Foot Guards</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot" Guards`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pl.</tt> <def>Infantry soldiers belonging to select regiments called the Guards.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Foothalt</h1>
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<hw>Foot"halt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A disease affecting the feet of sheep.</def>

<h1>Foothill</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"hill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A low hill at the foot of highe<?/ hills or mountains.</def>

<h1>Foothold</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"hold`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A holding with the feet; firm<?/ standing; that on which one may treead or rest securely; footing.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Foothook</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"hook`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Futtock</er>.</def>

<h1>Foothot</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"hot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Hastily; immediately; instantly; on the spot; hotfloot.</def>

<i>Gower.</i>

<blockquote>Custance have they taken anon, <b>foothot</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Footing</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ground for the foot; place for the foot to rest on; firm foundation to stand on.</def>

<blockquote>In ascent, every st<?/p gained is a <b>footing</b> and help to the next.
<i>Holder.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Standing; position; established place; basis for operation; permanent settlement; foothold.</def>

<blockquote>As soon as he had obtained a <b>footing</b> at court, the charms of his manner . . . made him a favorite.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Relative condition; state.</def>

<blockquote>Lived on a <b>footing</b> of equality with nobles.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Tread; step; especially, measured tread.</def>

<blockquote>Hark, I hear the <b>footing</b> of a man.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The act of adding up a column of figures; the amount or sum total of such a column.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The act of putting a foot to anything; also, that which is added as a foot; <as>as, the <ex>footing</ex> of a stocking</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A narrow cotton lace, without figures.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The finer refuse part of whale blubber, not wholly deprived of oil.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Arch. & Enging.)</fld> <def>The thickened or sloping portion of a wall, or of an embankment at its foot.</def>

<cs><col>Footing course</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>one of the courses of masonry at the foot of a wall, broader than the courses above.</cd> -- <col>To pay one's footing</col>, <cd>to pay a fee on first doing anything, as working at a trade or in a shop.</cd> <i>Wright.</i> -- <col>Footing beam</col>, <cd>the tie beam of a roof.</cd></cs>

<h1>Footless</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no feet.</def>

<h1>Footlicker</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"lick`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sycophant; a fawner; a toady. Cf. <er>Bootlick</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Footlight</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"light`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>One of a row of lights in the front of the stage in a theater, etc., and on a level therewith.</def>

<cs><col>Before the footlights</col>, <cd>upon the stage; -- hence, in the capacity of an actor.</cd></cs>

<h1>Footman</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Footmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A soldier who marches and fights on foot; a foot soldier.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A man in waiting; a male servant whose duties are to attend the door, the carriage, the table, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Formerly, a servant who ran in front of his master's carriage; a runner.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A metallic stand with four feet, for keeping anything warm before a fire.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A moth of the family <spn>Lithosid\'91</spn>; -- so called from its livery-like colors.</def>

<h1>Footmanship</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"man*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Art or skill of a footman.</def>

<h1>Footmark</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"mark`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A footprint; a track or vestige.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Footnote</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"note`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A note of reference or comment at the foot of a page.</def>

<h1>Footpace</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"pace`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A walking pace or step.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dais, or elevated platform; the highest step of the altar; a landing in a staircase.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Footpad</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"pad`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A highwayman or robber on foot.</def>

<h1>Footpath</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"path`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Footpaths</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A narrow path or way for pedestrains only; a footway.</def>

<h1>Footplate</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot"plate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Locomotives)</fld> <def>See <er>Footboard</er> <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Foot pound</h1>
<Xpage=580>

<hw>Foot" pound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A unit of energy, or work, being equal to the work done in raising one pound avoirdupois against the force of gravity the height of one foot.</def>

<hr>
<page="581">
Page 581<p>

<h1>Foot poundal</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Foot" pound`al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A unit of energy or work, equal to the work done in moving a body through one foot against the force of one poundal.</def>

<h1>Footprint</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Foot"print`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The impression of the foot; a trace or footmark; <as>as, "<ex>Footprints</ex> of the Creator</as>."</def>

<h1>Footrope</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Foot"rope`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Aut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rope rigged below a yard, upon which men stand when reefing or furling; -- formerly called a <i>horse</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That part of the boltrope to which the lower edge of a sail is sewed.</def>

<h1>Foots</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Foots</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>The settlings of oil, molasses, etc., at the bottom of a barrel or hogshead.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Foot-sore</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Foot"-sore`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having sore or tender feet, as by reason of much walking; <as>as, <ex>foot-sore</ex> cattle</as>.</def>

<h1>Footstalk</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Foot"stalk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The stalk of a leaf or of flower; a petiole, pedicel, or reduncle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The peduncle or stem by which various marine animals are attached, as certain brachiopods and goose barnacles.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The stem which supports which supports the eye in decapod Crustacea; eyestalk.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The lower part of a millstone spindle. It rests in a step.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Footstall</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Foot"stall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Pedestal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The stirrup of a woman's saddle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The plinth or base of a pillar.</def>

<h1>Footstep</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Foot"step`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The mark or impression of the foot; a track; hence, visible sign of a course pursued; token; mark; <as>as, the <ex>footsteps</ex> of divine wisdom</as>.</def>

<blockquote>How on the faltering <b>footsteps</b> of decay
Youth presses.
<i>Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inclined plane under a hand printing press.</def>

<h1>Footstone</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Foot"stone`</hw> <tt>(?; 110)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The stone at the foot of a grave; -- opposed to <i>headstone</i>.</def>

<h1>Footstool</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Foot"stool`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A low stool to support the feet of one when sitting.</def>

<h1>Footway</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Foot"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A passage for pedestrians only.</def>

<h1>Footworn</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Foot"worn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worn by, or weared in, the feet; <as>as, a <ex>footworn</ex> path; a <ex>footworn</ex> traveler.</as></def>

<h1>Footy</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Foot"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having <i>foots</i>, or settlings; <as>as, <ex>footy</ex> oil, molasses, etc.</as></def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Poor; mean.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Fop</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Fop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>foppe</ets>, <ets>fop</ets>, fool; cf. E. <ets>fob</ets> to cheat, G. <ets>foppen</ets> to make a fool of one, jeer, D. <ets>foppen</ets>.]</ety> <def>One whose ambition it is to gain admiration by showy dress; a coxcomb; an inferior dandy.</def>

<h1>Fop-doodle</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Fop"-doo`dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stupid or insignaficant fellow; a fool; a simpleton.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Fopling</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Fop"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A petty fop.</def>

<i>Landor.</i>

<h1>Foppery</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Fop"per*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fopperies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[From <er>Fop</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The behavior, dress, or other indication of a fop; coxcombry; affectation of show; showy folly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Folly; foolery.</def>

<blockquote>Let not the sound of shallow <b>foppery</b> enter
My sober house.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foppish</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Fop"pish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Foplike; characteristic of a top in dress or manners; making an ostentatious display of gay clothing; affected in manners.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Finical; spruce; dandyish. See <er>Finical</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fop"pish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fop"pish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>For-</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For-</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[AS. <ets>for-</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>ver</ets>-, OHG. <ets>fir</ets>-, Icel. <ets>for</ets>-, Goth. <ets>fra</ets>-, cf. Skr. <ets>par\'be-</ets> away, Gr. <?/ beside, and E. <ets>far</ets>, adj. Cf. <er>Fret</er> to rub.]</ety> <def>A prefix to verbs, having usually the force of a negative or privative. It often implies also <i>loss</i>, <i>detriment</i>, or <i>destruction</i>, and sometimes it is intensive, meaning <i>utterly</i>, <i>quite thoroughly</i>, as in <i>for</i>bathe.</def>

<h1>For</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>for</ets>, <ets>fore</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>for</ets>, <ets>fora</ets>, <ets>furi</ets>, D. <ets>voor</ets>, OHG. <ets>fora</ets>, G. <ets>vor</ets>, OHG. <ets>furi</ets>, G. <ets>f\'81r</ets>, Icel. <ets>fyrir</ets>, Sw. <ets>f\'94r</ets>, Dan. <ets>for</ets>, adv. <ets>f\'94r</ets>, Goth. <ets>fa\'a3r</ets>, <ets>fa\'a3ra</ets>, L. <ets>pro</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>pra</ets>-. &root; 202. Cf. <er>Fore</er>, <er>First</er>, <er>Foremost</er>, <er>Forth</er>, <er>Pro</er>-.]</ety> <def>In the most general sense, indicating that in consideration of, in view of, or with reference to, which anything is done or takes place.</def>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Indicating the antecedent cause or occasion of an action; the motive or inducement accompanying and prompting to an act or state; the reason of anything; that on account of which a thing is or is done.</def>

<blockquote>With fiery eyes sparkling <b>for</b> very wrath.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How to choose dogs <b>for</b> scent or speed.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now, <b>for</b> so many glorious actions done,
<b>For</b> peace at home, and <b>for</b> the public wealth,
I mean to crown a bowl <b>for</b> C\'91sar's health.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That which we, <b>for</b> our unworthiness, are afraid to crave, our prayer is, that God, <b>for</b> the worthiness of his Son, would, notwithstanding, vouchsafe to grant.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Indicating the remoter and indirect object of an act; the end or final cause with reference to which anything is, acts, serves, or is done.</def>

<blockquote>The oak <b>for</b> nothing ill,
The osier good <b>for</b> twigs, the poplar <b>for</b> the mill.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It was young counsel <b>for</b> the persons, and violent counsel <b>for</b> the matters.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Shall I think the worls was made <b>for one</b>,
And men are born <b>for</b> kings, as beasts <b>for</b> men,
Not <b>for</b> protection, but to be devoured?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For he writes not <b>for</b> money, nor <b>for</b> praise.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Indicating that in favor of which, or in promoting which, anything is, or is done; hence, in behalf of; in favor of; on the side of; -- opposed to <i>against</i>.</def>

<blockquote>We can do nothing against the truth, but <b>for</b> the truth.
<i>2 Cor. xiii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is <b>for</b> the general good of human society, and consequently of particular persons, to be true and just; and it is <b>for</b> men's health to be temperate.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Aristotle is <b>for</b> poetical justice.
<i>Dennis.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Indicating that toward which the action of anything is directed, or the point toward which motion is made; <?/ntending to go to.</def>

<blockquote>We sailed from Peru <b>for</b> China and Japan.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Indicating that on place of or instead of which anything acts or serves, or that to which a substitute, an equivalent, a compensation, or the like, is offered or made; instead of, or place of.</def>

<blockquote>And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life <b>for</b> life, eye <b>for</b> eye, tooth <b>for</b> tooth, hand <b>for</b> hand, foot <b>for</b> foot.
<i>Ex. xxi. 23, 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Indicating that in the character of or as being which anything is regarded or treated; to be, or as being.</def>

<blockquote>We take a falling meteor <b>for</b> a star.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If a man can be fully assured of anything <b>for</b> a truth, without having examined, what is there that he may not embrace <b>for</b> tru<?/?
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Most of our ingenious young men take up some cried-up English poet for</b> their model.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But let her go <b>for</b> an ungrateful woman.
<i>Philips.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Indicating that instead of which something else controls in the performing of an action, or that in spite of which anything is done, occurs, or is; hence, equivalent to <i>notwithstanding</i>, <i>in spite of</i>; -- generally followed by <i>all</i>, <i>aught</i>, <i>anything</i>, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The writer will do what she please <b>for</b> all me.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>God's desertion shall, <b>for</b> aught he knows, the next minute supervene.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>For</b> anything that legally appears to the contrary, it may be a contrivance to fright us.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Indicating the space or time through which an action or state extends; hence, during; in or through the space or time of.</def>

<blockquote><b>For</b> many miles about
There 's scarce a bush.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Since, hired <b>for</b> life, thy servile muse sing.
<i>prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To guide the sun's bright chariot <b>for</b> a day.
<i>Garth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Indicating that in prevention of which, or through fear of which, anything is done.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We 'll have a bib, <b>for</b> spoiling of thy doublet.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>For</col>, &or; <col>As for</col></mcol>, <cd>so far as concerns; as regards; with reference to; -- used parenthetically or independently. See under <er>As</er>.</cd>

<blockquote><b>As for</b> me and my house, we will serve the Lord.
<i>Josh. xxiv. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>For</b> me, my stormy voyage at an end,
I to the port of death securely tend.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>For all that</col>, <cd>notwithstanding; in spite of.</cd> -- <col>For all the world</col>, <cd>wholly; exactly. "Whose posy was, <i>for all the world<i>, like cutlers' poetry."</cd> <i>Shak.</i> -- <mcol><col>For as much as</col>, &or; <col>Forasmuch as</col></mcol>, <cd>in consideration that; seeing that; since.</cd> -- <col>For by</col>. <cd>See <er>Forby</er>, <tt>adv.</tt></cd> -- <col>For ever</col>, <cd>eternally; at all times. See <er>Forever</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>For me</col>, &or; <col>For all me</col></mcol>, <cd>as far as regards me.</cd> -- <mcol><col>For my life</col>, &or; <col>For the life of me</col></mcol>, <cd>if my life depended on it. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> <i>T. Hook.</i> -- <mcol><col>For that</col>, <col>For the reason that</col></mcol>, <cd>because; since. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>For that<i> I love your daughter." <i>Shak.</i></cd>  -- <mcol><col>For thy</col>, &or; <col>Forthy</col></mcol> <ety>[AS. <ets>for<?/<ets><?/]</ety>, <cd>for this; on this account. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Thomalin, have no care <i>for thy<i>." <i>Spenser.</i></cd> -- <col>For to</col>, <cd>as sign of infinitive, in order to; to the end of. <mark>[Obs., except as sometimes heard in illiterate speech.]</mark> -- "What went ye out <i>for to<i> see?" <i>Luke vii. 25.</i></cd> See <er>To</er>, <tt>prep.</tt>, 4. -- <col>O for</col>, <cd>would that I had; may there be granted; -- elliptically expressing desire or prayer.</cd> "<i>O for</i> a muse of fire." <i>Shak.</i> -- <mcol><col>Were it not for</col>, &or; <col>If it were not for</col></mcol>, <cd>leaving out of account; but for the presence or action of. "Moral consideration can no way move the sensible appetite, <i>were it not for<i> the will."</cd> <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></cs>

<h1>For</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Because; by reason that; for that; indicating, in Old English, the reason of anything.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>for</b> of long that way had walk\'82d none,
The vault was hid with plants and bushes hoar.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And Heaven defend your good souls, that you think
I will your serious and great business scant,
<b>For</b> she with me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Since; because; introducing a reason of something before advanced, a cause, motive, explanation, justification, or the like, of an action related or a statement made. It is logically nearly equivalent to <i>since</i>, or <i>because</i>, but connects less closely, and is sometimes used as a very general introduction to something suggested by what has gone before.</def>

<blockquote>Give thanks unto the Lord; <b>for</b> he is good; <b>for</b> his mercy endureth forever.
<i>Ps. cxxxvi. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Heaven doth with us as we with torches do,
Not light them for themselves; <b>for</b> if our virtues
Did not go forth of us, 't were all alike
As if we had them not.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>For because</col>, <cd>because. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Nor <i>for because<i> they set less store by their own citizens."</cd> <i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i> -- <col>For why</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Why; for that reason; wherefore. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Because. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Forwhy</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Because</er>.</syn>

<h1>For</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who takes, or that which is said on, the affrimative side; that which is said in favor of some one or something; -- the antithesis of <i>against</i>, and commonly used in connection with it.</def>

<cs><col>The fors and against</col>. <cd>those in favor and those opposed; the pros and the cons; the advantages and the disadvantages.</cd></cs>

<i>Jane Austen.</i>

<h1>Forage</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>fourage</ets>, F. <ets>fourrage</ets>, fr. <ets>forre</ets>, <ets>fuerre</ets>, fodder, straw, F. <ets>feurre</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>foderum</ets>, <ets>fodrum</ets>, of German or Scand, origin; cf. OHG. <ets>fuotar</ets>, G. <ets>futter</ets>. See <er>Fodder</er> food, and cf. <er>Foray</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of foraging; search for provisions, etc.</def>

<blockquote>He [the lion] from <b>forage</b> will incline to play.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>One way a band select from <b>forage</b> drives
A herd of beeves, fair oxen and fair kine.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Mawhood completed his <b>forage</b> unmolested.
<i>Marshall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Food of any kind for animals, especially for horses and cattle, as grass, pasture, hay, corn, oats.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<cs><col>Forage cap</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cap</er>.</cd> -- <col>Forage master</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a person charged with providing forage and the means of transporting it.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i></cs>

<h1>Forage</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For"age</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Foraged</er> ; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Foraging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To wander or rove in search of food; to collect food, esp. forage, for horses and cattle by feeding on or stripping the country; to ravage; to feed on spoil.</def>

<blockquote>His most mighty father on a hill
Stood smiling to behold his lion's whelp
<b>Forage</b> in blood of French nobility.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Foraging ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of ants of the genus <spn>Eciton</spn>, very abundant in tropical America, remarkable for marching in vast armies in search of food.</cd> -- <col>Foraging cap</col>, <cd>a forage cap.</cd> -- <col>Foraging party</col>, <cd>a party sent out after forage.</cd></cs>

<h1>Forage</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To strip of provisions; to supply with forage; <as>as, to <ex>forage</ex> steeds</as>.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Forager</h1>
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<hw>For"a*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who forages.</def>

<h1>Foralite</h1>
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<hw>For"a*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>forare</ets> to bore + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A tubelike marking, occuring in sandstone and other strata.</def>

<h1>Foramen</h1>
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<hw>Fo*ra"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Foramina</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Foramines</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>forare</ets> to bore, pierce.]</ety> <def>A small opening, perforation, or orifice; a fenestra.</def>

<cs><col>Foramen of Monro</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the opening from each lateral into the third ventricle of the brain.</cd> -- <col>Foramen of Winslow</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the opening connecting the sac of the omentum with the general cavity of the peritoneum.</cd></cs>

<h1>Foraminated</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Fo*ram"i*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>foraminatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having small opening, or foramina.</def>

<h1>Foraminifer</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For`a*min"i*fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the foraminifera.</def>

<h1>Foraminifera</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Fo*ram`i*nif"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>foramen</ets>, <ets>-aminis</ets>, a foramen + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive order of rhizopods which generally have a chambered calcareous shell formed by several united zooids. Many of them have perforated walls, whence the name. Some species are covered with sand. See <er>Rhizophoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Foraminiferous</h1>
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<hw>Fo*ram`i*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having small openings, or foramina.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or composed of, Foraminifera; <as>as, <ex>foraminiferous</ex> mud</as>.</def>

<h1>Foraminous</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>Fo*ram"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>foraminosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having foramina; full of holes; porous.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Forasmuch</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For`as*much"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>comj.</tt> <def>In consideration that; seeing that; since; because that; -- followed by <i>as</i>. <i>See under</i> <er>For</er>, <i>prep</i>.</def>

<h1>Foray</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For"ay</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Another form of <ets>forahe</ets>. Cf. <er>Forray</er>.]</ety> <def>A sudden or irregular incursion in border warfare; hence, any irregular incursion for war or spoils; a raid.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>The huge Earl Doorm, . . .
Bound on a <b>foray</b>, rolling eyes of prey.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foray</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For"ay</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pillage; to ravage.</def>

<blockquote>He might <b>foray</b> our lands.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forayer</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For"ay*er</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes or joins in a foray.</def>

<blockquote>They might not choose the lowand road,
For the Merse <b>forayers</b> were abroad.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forbade</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For*bade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Forbid</er>.</def>

<h1>Forbathe</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For*bathe"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bathe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Forbear</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For*bear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fore</er>, and <er>Bear</er> to produce.]</ety> <def>An ancestor; a forefather; -- usually in the plural.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark> "Your <i>forbears</i> of old."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Forbear</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For*bear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Forbore</er> <tt>(?)</tt> (<er>Forbare</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <mark>[Obs.]</mark>); <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Forborne</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Forbearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>forberen</ets>, AS. <ets>forberan</ets>; pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>beran</ets> to bear. See <er>Bear</er> to support.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To refrain from proceeding; to pause; to delay.</def>

<blockquote>Shall I go against Ramoth-gilead to battle, or shall I <b>forbear</b>?
<i>1 Kinds xxii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To refuse; to decline; to give no heed.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt speak my words unto them, whether they will hear, or whether they will <b>forbear</b>.
<i>Ezek. ii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To control one's self when provoked.</def>

<blockquote>The kindest and the happiest pair
Will find occasion to <b>forbear</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Both bear and <b>forbear</b>.
<i>Old Proverb.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forbear</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For*bear"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To keep away from; to avoid; to abstain from; to give up; <as>as, to <ex>forbear</ex> the use of a word of doubdtful propriety</as>.</def>

<blockquote>But let me that plunder <b>forbear</b>.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The King
In open battle or the tilting field
<b>Forbore</b> his own advantage.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat with consideration or indulgence.</def>

<blockquote><b>Forbearing</b> one another in love.
<i>Eph. iv. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cease from bearing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whenas my womb her burden would <b>forbear</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forbearance</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For*bear"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of forbearing or waiting; the exercise of patience.</def>

<blockquote>He soon shall find<b>Forbearance</b> no acquittance ere day end.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of being forbearing; indulgence toward offenders or enemies; long-suffering.</def>

<blockquote>Have a continent <b>forbearance</b>, till the speed of his rage goe<?/ slower.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Abstinence; refraining; lenity; mildness.</syn>

<h1>Forbearant</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For*bear"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Forbearing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Forbearer</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For*bear"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who forbears.</def>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Forbearing</h1>
<Xpage=581>

<hw>For*bear"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disposed or accustomed to forbear; patient; long-suffering.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>For*bear"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<hr>
<page="582">
Page 582<p>

<h1>Forbid</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*bid"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Forbade</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Forbidden</er> <tt>(?)</tt> (<er>Forbid</er>, <mark>[Obs.]</mark>); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Forbidding</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>forbeden</ets>, AS. <ets>forbe\'a2dan</ets>; pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>be\'a2dan</ets> to bid; akin to D. <ets>verbieden</ets>, G. <ets>verbieten</ets>, Icel., <ets>fyrirbj&omac;&edh;a</ets>, <ets>forbo&edh;a</ets>, Sw. <ets>f\'94rbjuda</ets>, Dan. <ets>forbyde</ets>. See <er>Bid</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To command against, or contrary to; to prohibit; to interdict.</def>

<blockquote>More than I have said . . .
The leisure and enforcement of the time
<b>Forbids</b> to dwell upon.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deny, exclude from, or warn off, by express command; to command not to enter.</def>

<blockquote>Have I not forbid her my house?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To oppose, hinder, or prevent, as if by an effectual command; <as>as, an impassable river <ex>forbids</ex> the approach of the army</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A blaze of glory that <b>forbids</b> the sight.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To accurse; to blast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He shall live a man <b>forbid</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To defy; to challenge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>L. Andrews.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To prohibit; interdict; hinder; preclude; withold; restrain; prevent. See <er>Prohibit</er>.</syn>

<h1>Forbid</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*bid"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To utter a prohibition; to prevent; to hinder.</def> "I did not or <i>forbid</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Forbiddance</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*bid"dance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of forbidding; prohibition; command or edict against a thing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>ow hast thou yield to transgress
The strict <b>forbiddance</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forbidden</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*bid"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Prohibited; interdicted.</def>

<blockquote>I kniw no spells, use no <b>forbidden</b> arts.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Forbidden fruit</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any coveted unlawful pleasure, -- so called with reference to the forbidden fruit of the Garden of Eden.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A small variety of shaddock (<spn>Citrus decumana</spn>). The name is given in different places to several varieties of Citrus fruits.</cd></cs>

<h1>Forbiddenly</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*bid"den*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a forbidden or unlawful manner.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Forbidder</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*bid"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who forbids.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Forbidding</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*bid"ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Repelling approach; repulsive; raising abhorrence, aversion, or dislike; disagreeable; prohibiting or interdicting; <as>as, a <ex>forbidding</ex> aspect; a <ex>forbidding</ex> formality; a <ex>forbidding</ex> air.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Disagreeable; unpleasant; displeasing; offensive; repulsive; odious; abhorrent.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>For*bid"ding*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>For*bid"ding*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Forblack</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*black"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Very black.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>As any raven's feathers it shone <b>forblack</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forboden</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*bo"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Forbid</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Forbore</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*bore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Forbear</er>.</def>

<h1>Forborne</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*borne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Forbear</er>.</def>

<h1>Forbruise</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*bruise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bruise sorely or exceedingly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All <b>forbrosed</b>, both back and side.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forby</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*by"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. & prep.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Foreby</er>.]</ety> <def>Near; hard by; along; past.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To tell her if her child went ought <b>forby</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To the intent that ships may pass along <b>forby</b> all the sides of the city without let.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forcarve</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*carve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cut completely; to cut off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Force</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>Force</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Farce</er> to stuff.]</ety> <def>To stuff; to lard; to farce.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Wit larded with malice, and malice <b>forced</b> with wit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Force</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>Force</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. <ets>fors</ets>, <ets>foss</ets>, Dan. <ets>fos</ets>.]</ety> <def>A waterfall; a cascade.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>To see the falls for <b>force</b> of the river Kent.
<i>T. Gray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Force</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>Force</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>force</ets>, LL. <ets>forcia</ets>, <ets>fortia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fortis</ets> strong. See <er>Fort</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Strength or energy of body or mind; active power; vigor; might; often, an unusual degree of strength or energy; capacity of exercising an influence or producing an effect; especially, power to persuade, or convince, or impose obligation; pertinency; validity; special signification; <as>as, the <ex>force</ex> of an appeal, an argument, a contract, or a term</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He was, in the full <b>force</b> of the words, a good man.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Power exerted against will or consent; compulsory power; violence; coercion.</def>

<blockquote>Which now they hold by <b>force</b>, and not by right.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Strength or power war; hence, a body of land or naval combatants, with their appurtenances, ready for action; -- an armament; troops; warlike array; -- often in the plural; hence, a body of men prepared for action in other ways; <as>as, the laboring <ex>force</ex> of a plantation</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Is Lucius general of the <b>forces</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Strength or power exercised without law, or contrary to law, upon persons or things; violence.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Validity; efficacy.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Any action between two bodies which changes, or tends to change, their relative condition as to rest or motion; or, more generally, which changes, or tends to change, any physical relation between them, whether mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic, or of any other kind; <as>as, the <ex>force</ex> of gravity; cohesive <ex>force</ex>; centrifugal <ex>force</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>Animal force</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>muscular force or energy.</cd> -- <col>Catabiotic force</col> <ety>[Gr. <?/ down (intens.) + <?/ life.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the influence exerted by living structures on adjoining cells, by which the latter are developed in harmony with the primary structures.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Centrifugal force</col>, <col>Centripetal force</col>, <col>Coercive force</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Centrifugal</er>, <er>Centripetal</er>, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Composition of forces</col>, <col>Correlation of forces</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Composition</er>, <er>Correlation</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Force and arms</col> <ety>[trans. of L. <ets>vi et armis<ets>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an expression in old indictments, signifying <i>violence<i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>In force</col>, &or; <col>Of force</col></mcol>, <cd>of unimpaired efficacy; valid; of full virtue; not suspended or reversed.</cd> "A testament is <i>of force<i> after men are dead." <i>Heb. ix. 17.</i> -- <col>Metabolic force</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the influence which causes and controls the metabolism of the body.</cd> -- <col>No force</col>, <cd>no matter of urgency or consequence; no account; hence, <i>to do no force<i>, to make no account of; not to heed. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <i>Chaucer.</i> -- <col>Of force</col>, <cd>of necessity; unavoidably; imperatively. "Good reasons must, <i>of force<i>, give place to better."</cd> <i>Shak.</i> -- <col>Plastic force</col> (<fld>Physiol</fld>.), <cd>the force which presumably acts in the growth and repair of the tissues.</cd> -- <col>Vital force</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>that force or power which is inherent in organization; that form of energy which is the cause of the vital phenomena of the body, as distinguished from the <i>physical forces<i> generally known.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Strength; vigor; might; energy; stress; vehemence; violence; compulsion; coaction; constraint; coercion.</syn>  -- <usage><er>Force</er>, <er>Strength</er>. <i>Strength</i> looks rather to power as an <i>inward</i> capability or energy. Thus we speak of the <i>strength</i> of timber, bodily <i>strength</i>, mental <i>strength</i>, <i>strength</i> of emotion, etc. <i>Force</i>, on the other hand, looks more to the <i>outward</i>; as, the <i>force</i> of gravitation, <i>force</i> of circumstances, <i>force</i> of habit, etc. We do, indeed, speak of <i>strength</i> of will and <i>force</i> of will; but even here the former may lean toward the internal tenacity of purpose, and the latter toward the outward expression of it in action. But, though the two words do in a few cases touch thus closely on each other, there is, on the whole, a marked distinction in our use of <i>force</i> and <i>strength</i>. "<i>Force</i> is the name given, in mechanical science, to whatever produces, or can produce, motion."</usage>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<blockquote>Thy tears are of no <b>force</b> to mollify
This flinty man.
<i>Heywood.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>More huge in <b>strength</b> than wise in works he was.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Adam and first matron Eve
Had ended now their orisons, and found
<b>Strength</b> added from above, new hope to spring
Out of despair.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Force</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>Force</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Forced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Forcing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>forcier</ets>, F. <ets>forcer</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>forciare</ets>, <ets>fortiare</ets>. See <er>Force</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To constrain to do or to forbear, by the exertion of a power not resistible; to compel by physical, moral, or intellectual means; to coerce; <as>as, masters <ex>force</ex> slaves to labor</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To compel, as by strength of evidence; <as>as, to <ex>force</ex> conviction on the mind</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To do violence to; to overpower, or to compel by violence to one;s will; especially, to ravish; to violate; to commit rape upon.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>force</b> their monarch and insult the court.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I should have <b>forced</b> thee soon wish other arms.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>force</b> a spotless virgin's chastity.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To obtain or win by strength; to take by violence or struggle; specifically, to capture by assault; to storm, as a fortress.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To impel, drive, wrest, extort, get, etc., by main strength or violence; -- with a following adverb, as <i>along, <i>away</i>, <i>from</i>, <i>into</i>, <i>through</i>, <i>out</i>, etc.</def>

<blockquote>It stuck so fast, so deeply buried lay
That scarce the victor <b>forced</b> the steel away.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>force</b> the tyrant from his seat by war.
<i>Sahk.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ethelbert ordered that none should be <b>forced</b> into religion.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To put in force; to cause to be executed; to make binding; to enforce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What can the church <b>force</b> more?
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To exert to the utmost; to urge; hence, to strain; to urge to excessive, unnatural, or untimely action; to produce by unnatural effort; <as>as, to <ex>force</ex> a consient or metaphor; to <ex>force</ex> a laugh; to <ex>force</ex> fruits.</as></def>

<blockquote>High on a mounting wave my head I bore,
<b>Forcing</b> my strength, and gathering to the shore.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Whist)</fld> <def>To compel (an adversary or partner) to trump a trick by leading a suit of which he has none.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To provide with forces; to re\'89nforce; to strengthen by soldiers; to man; to garrison.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To allow the force of; to value; to care for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For me, I <b>force</b> not argument a straw.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To compel; constrain; oblige; necessitate; coerce; drive; press; impel.</syn>

<h1>Force</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>Force</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <mark>[Obs. in all the senses.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To use violence; to make violent effort; to strive; to endeavor.</def>

<blockquote><b>Forcing</b> with gifts to win his wanton heart.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a difficult matter of anything; to labor; to hesitate; hence, <i>to force of</i>, to make much account of; to regard.</def>

<blockquote>Your oath once broke, you <b>force</b> not to forswear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>force</b> not of such fooleries.
<i>Camden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be of force, importance, or weight; to matter.</def>

<blockquote>It is not sufficient to have attained the name and dignity of a shepherd, not <b>forcing</b> how.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forced</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>Forced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Done or produced with force or great labor, or by extraordinary exertion; hurried; strained; produced by unnatural effort or pressure; <as>as, a <ex>forced</ex> style; a <ex>forced</ex> laugh.</as></def>

<cs><col>Forced draught</col>. <cd>See under <er>Draught</er>.</cd> -- <col>Forced march</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a march of one or more days made with all possible speed.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>For"ced*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>For"ced*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Forceful</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>Force"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of or processing force; exerting force; mighty.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Force"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Against the steed he threw
His <b>forceful</b> spear.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forceless</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>Force"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having little or no force; feeble.</def>

<blockquote>These <b>forceless</b> flowers like sturdy trees support me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forcemeat</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>Force"meat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupt. for <ets>farce-meat</ets>, fr. F. <ets>farce</ets> stuffing. See <er>Farce</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Meat chopped fine and highly seasoned, either served up alone, or used as a stuffing.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>forced meat</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Forcement</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>Force"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of forcing; compulsion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It was imposed upon us by constraint;
And will you count such <b>forcement</b> treachery?
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forceps</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For"ceps</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>forceps</ets>, <ets>-cipis</ets>, from the root of <ets>formus</ets> Hot + <ets>capere</ets> to take; akin to E. <ets>heave</ets>. <ets>Cf</ets>. <er>Furnace</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pair of pinchers, or tongs; an instrument for grasping, holding firmly, or exerting traction upon, bodies which it would be inconvenient or impracticable to seize with the fingers, especially one for delicate operations, as those of watchmakers, surgeons, accoucheurs, dentists, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The caudal forceps-shaped appendage of earwigs and some other insects. See <er>Earwig</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Dressing forceps</col>. <cd>See under <er>Dressing</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Force pump</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>Force" pump`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A pump having a solid piston, or plunger, for drawing and forcing a liquid, as water, through the valves; in distinction from a pump having a bucket, or valved piston.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A pump adapted for delivering water at a considerable height above the pump, or under a considerable pressure; in distinction from one which lifts the water only to the top of the pump or delivers it through a spout. See <i>Illust</i>. of <i>Plunger pump</i>, under <er>Plunger</er>.</def>

<h1>Forcer</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, forces or drives.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The solid piston of a force pump; the instrument by which water is forced in a pump.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small hand pump for sinking pits, draining cellars, etc.</def>

<h1>Forcible</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>forcible</ets> forcible, <ets>forceable</ets> that may be forced.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessing force; characterized by force, efficiency, or energy; powerful; efficacious; impressive; influential.</def>

<blockquote>How <b>forcible</b> are right words!
<i>Job. vi. 2<?/.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sweet smells are most <b>forcible</b> in dry substances, when broken.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But I have reasons strong and <b>forcible</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That punishment which hath been sometimes <b>forcible</b> to bridle sin.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He is at once elegant and sublime, <b>forcible</b> and ornamented.
<i>Lowth (Transl. )</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Violent; impetuous.</def>

<blockquote>Like mingled streams, more <b>forcible</b> when joined.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Using force against opposition or resistance; obtained by compulsion; effected by force; <as>as, <ex>forcible</ex> entry or abduction</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In embraces of King James . . . <b>forcible</b> and unjust.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Forcible entry and detainer</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the entering upon and taking and withholding of land and tenements by actual force and violence, and with a strong hand, to the hindrance of the person having the right to enter.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Violent; powerful; strong; energetic; mighty; potent; weighty; impressive; cogent; influential.</syn>

<h1>Forcible-feeble</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For"ci*ble-fee`ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Feeble</ets>, a character in the Second Part of Shakespeare's "King Henry IV.," to whom Falstaff derisively applies the epithet "<ets>forcible</ets>."]</ety> <def>Seemingly vigorous, but really weak or insipid.</def>

<blockquote>He [Prof. Ayton] would purge his book of much offensive matter, if he struck out epithets which are in the bad taste of the <b>forcible-feeble</b> school.
<i>N. Brit. Review.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forcibleness</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For"ci*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being forcible.</def>

<h1>Forcibly</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For"ci*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a forcible manner.</def>

<h1>Forcing</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For"cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The accomplishing of any purpose violently, precipitately, prematurely, or with unusual expedition.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gardening)</fld> <def>The art of raising plants, flowers, and fruits at an earlier season than the natural one, as in a hitbed or by the use of artificial heat.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Forcing</col> <col>bed &or; pit</col></mcol>, <cd>a plant bed having an under layer of fermenting manure, the fermentation yielding bottom heat for forcing plants; a hotbed.</cd> -- <col>Forcing engine</col>, <cd>a fire engine.</cd> -- <col>Forcing fit</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a tight fit, as of one part into a hole in another part, which makes it necessary to use considerable force in putting the two parts together.</cd> -- <col>Forcing house</col>, <cd>a greenhouse for the forcing of plants, fruit trees, etc.</cd> -- <col>Forcing machine</col>, <cd>a powerful press for putting together or separating two parts that are fitted tightly one into another, as for forcing a crank on a shaft, or for drawing off a car wheel from the axle.</cd> -- <col>Forcing pump</col>. <cd>See <er>Force pump</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Forcipal</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For"ci*pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Forked or branched like a pair of forceps; constructed so as to open and shut like a pair of forceps.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Forcipate, Forcipated</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw><hw>For"ci*pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>For"ci*pa`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a pair of forceps; <as>as, a <ex>forcipated</ex> mouth</as>.</def>

<h1>Forcipation</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For`ci*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Torture by pinching with forceps or pinchers.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Forcut</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*cut"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cut completely; to cut off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ford</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>Ford</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ford</ets>; akin to G. <ets>furt</ets>, Icel. <ets>f<?/\'94r<?/r</ets> bay, and to E. <ets>fare</ets>. <?/ 78. See <er>Fare</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and cf. <er>Frith</er> arm of the sea.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place in a river, or other water, where it may passed by man or beast on foot, by wading.</def>

<blockquote>He swam the Esk river where <b>ford</b> there was none.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stream; a current.</def>

<blockquote>With water of the <b>ford</b>
Or of the clouds.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Permit my ghost to pass the Styg<?/an <b>ford</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ford</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>Ford</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Forded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fording</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To pass or cross, as a river or other water, by wading; to wade through.</def>

<blockquote>His last section, which is no deep one, remains only to be <b>forted</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fordable</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>Ford"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being forded.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ford"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fordless</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>Ford"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a ford.</def>

<blockquote>A deep and <b>fordless</b> river.
<i>Mallock.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fordo</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*do"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fordon</ets>, AS. <ets>ford<?/n</ets>; pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>d<?/n</ets> to do. See <er>For-</er>, and <er>Do</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To destroy; to undo; to ruin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This is the night
That either makes me or <b>fordoes</b> me quite.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To overcome with fatigue; to exhaust.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<blockquote>All with weary task <b>fordone</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fordone</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*done"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fordo</er>.]</ety> <def>Undone; ruined.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Fordrive</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*drive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To drive about; to drive here and there.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Fordrunken</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*drunk"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Utterly drunk; very drunk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fordry</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*dry"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Entirely dry; withered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A tree <i>fordry</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fordwine</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>For*dwine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To dwindle away; to disappear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom of R.</i>

<h1>Fore</h1>
<Xpage=582>

<hw>Fore</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>f<?/r</ets>, fr. <ets>faran</ets> to go. See <er>Fare</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Journey; way; method of proceeding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Follow him and his <i>fore</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<hr>
<page="583">
Page 583<p>

<h1>Fore</h1>
<Xpage=583>

<hw>Fore</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fore</ets>, adv. & prep., another form of <ets>for</ets>. See <er>For</er>, and cf. <er>Former</er>, <er>Foremost</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the part that precedes or goes first; -- opposed to <i>aft</i>, <i>after</i>, <i>back</i>, <i>behind</i>, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formerly; previously; afore.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>The eyes, <b>fore</b> duteous, now converted are.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>In or towards the bows of a ship.</def>

<cs><col>Fore and aft</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>from stem to stern; lengthwise of the vessel; -- in distinction from <i>athwart<i>.</cd> <i>R. H. Dana, Jr.</i> -- <col>Fore-and-aft rigged</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>not rigged with square sails attached to yards, but with sails bent to gaffs or set on stays in the midship line of the vessel. See <er>Schooner</er>, <er>Sloop</er>, <er>Cutter</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fore</h1>
<Xpage=583>

<hw>Fore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fore</er>, <ets>advv</ets>.]</ety> <def>Advanced, as compared with something else; toward the front; being or coming first, in time, place, order, or importance; preceding; anterior; antecedent; earlier; forward; -- opposed to <ant>back</ant> or <ant>behind</ant>; <as>as, the <ex>fore</ex> part of a garment; the <ex>fore</ex> part of the day; the <ex>fore</ex> and of a wagon.</as></def>

<blockquote>The free will of the subject is preserved, while it is directed by the <b>fore</b> purpose of the state.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Fore</i> is much used adjectively or in composition.</note>

<cs><col>Fore bay</col>, <cd>a reservoir or canal between a mill race and a water wheel; the discharging end of a pond or mill race.</cd> -- <col>Fore body</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>the part of a ship forward of the largest cross-section, distinguisched from <i>middle body<i> abd <i>after body<i>.</cd> -- <col>Fore boot</col>, <cd>a receptacle in the front of a vehicle, for stowing baggage, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fore bow</col>, <cd>the pommel of a saddle.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> -- <col>Fore cabin</col>, <cd>a cabin in the fore part of a ship, usually with inferior accommodations.</cd> -- <col>Fore carriage</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The forward part of the running gear of a four-wheeled vehicle.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A small carriage at the front end of a plow beam.</cd> -- <col>Fore course</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the lowermost sail on the foremost of a square-rigged vessel; the foresail. See <i>Illust<i>. under <er>Sail</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fore door</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Front door</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fore edge</col>, <cd>the front edge of a book or folded sheet, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fore elder</col>, <cd>an ancestor.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Fore end</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The end which precedes; the earlier, or the nearer, part; the beginning.</cd>

<blockquote>I have . . . paid
More pious debts to heaven, than in all
The <b>fore end</b> of my time.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In firearms, the wooden stock under the barrel, forward of the trigger guard, or breech frame.</cd> -- <col>Fore girth</col>, <cd>a girth for the fore part (of a horse, etc.); a martingale.</cd> -- <col>Fore hammer</col>, <cd>a sledge hammer, working alternately, or in time, with the hand hammer.</cd> -- <col>Fore leg</col>, <cd>one of the front legs of a quadruped, or multiped, or of a chair, settee, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fore peak</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the angle within a ship's bows; the portion of the hold which is farthest forward.</cd> -- <col>Fore piece</col>, <cd>a front piece, as the flap in the fore part of a sidesaddle, to guard the rider's dress.</cd> -- <col>Fore plane</col>, <cd>a carpenter's plane, in size and use between a jack plane and a smoothing plane.</cd> <i>Knight.</i>  -- <col>Fore reading</col>, <cd>previous perusal. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <i>Hales.</i>  -- <col>Fore rent</col>, <cd>in Scotland, rent payable before a crop is gathered.</cd> -- <col>Fore sheets</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the forward portion of a rowboat; the space beyond the front thwart. See <er>Stern sheets</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fore shore</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A bank in advance of a sea wall, to break the force of the surf.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The seaward projecting, slightly inclined portion of a breakwater.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The part of the shore between high and low water marks.</cd> -- <col>Fore sight</col>, <cd>that one of the two sights of a gun which is near the muzzle.</cd> -- <col>Fore tackle</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the tackle on the foremast of a ship.</cd> -- <col>Fore topmast</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Fore-topmast</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Fore wind</col>, <cd>a favorable wind.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sailed on smooth seas, by <b>fore winds</b> borne.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

 -- <col>Fore world</col>, <cd>the antediluvian world. <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Southey.</i></cd></cs>

<h1>Fore</h1>
<Xpage=583>

<hw>Fore</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The front; hence, that which is in front; the future.</def>

<cs><col>At the fore</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>at the fore royal masthead; -- said of a flag, so raised as a signal for sailing, etc.</cd> -- <col>To the fore</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In advance; to the front; to a prominent position; in plain sight; in readiness for use.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In existence; alive; not worn out, lost, or spent, as money, etc. <mark>[Irish]</mark></cd> "While I am <i>to the fore<i>." <i>W. Collins.</i> "How many captains in the regiment had two thousand pounds <i>to the fore</i>?" <i>Thackeray.</i></cs>

<h1>Fore</h1>
<Xpage=583>

<hw>Fore</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Before; -- sometimes written <i>'fore</i> as if a contraction of <i>afore</i> or <i>before</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Foreadmonish</h1>
<Xpage=583>

<hw>Fore`ad*mon"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To admonish beforehand, or before the act or event.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Foreadvise</h1>
<Xpage=583>

<hw>Fore`ad*vise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To advise or counsel before the time of action, or before the event.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Foreallege</h1>
<Xpage=583>

<hw>Fore`al*lege"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Forealleged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Forealleging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To allege or cite before.</def>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Foreappoint</h1>
<Xpage=583>

<hw>Fore`ap*point"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To set, order, or appoint, beforehand.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Foreappointment</h1>
<Xpage=583>

<hw>Fore`ap*point"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Previous appointment; preordinantion.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Forearm</h1>
<Xpage=583>

<hw>Fore*arm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To arm or prepare for attack or resistance before the time of need.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Forearm</h1>
<Xpage=583>

<hw>Fore"arm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>That part of the arm or fore limb between the elbow and wrist; the antibrachium.</def>

<h1>Forebeam</h1>
<Xpage=583>

<hw>Fore"beam`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The breast beam of a loom.</def>

<h1>Forebear</h1>
<Xpage=583>

<hw>Fore*bear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An ancestor. See <er>Forbear</er>.</def>

<h1>Forebode</h1>
<Xpage=583>

<hw>Fore*bode"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Foreboded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Foreboding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>forebodian</ets>; <ets>fore + bodian</ets> to announce. See <er>Bode</er> <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To foretell.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be prescient of (some ill or misfortune); to have an inward conviction of, as of a calamity which is about to happen; to augur despondingly.</def>

<blockquote>His heart <b>forebodes</b> a mystery.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sullen, desponding, and <b>foreboding</b> nothing but wars and desolation, as the certain consequence of C\'91sar's death.
<i>Middleton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have a sort of <b>foreboding</b> about him.
<i>H. James.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To foretell; predict; prognosticate; augur; presage; portend; betoken.</syn>

<h1>Forebode</h1>
<Xpage=583>

<hw>Fore*bode"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fortell; to presage; to augur.</def>

<blockquote>If I <b>forebode</b> aright.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forebode</h1>
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<hw>Fore*bode"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Prognostication; presage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Forebodement</h1>
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<hw>Fore*bode"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of foreboding; the thing foreboded.</def>

<h1>Foreboder</h1>
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<hw>Fore*bod"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who forebodes.</def>

<h1>Foreboding</h1>
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<hw>Fore*bod"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Presage of coming ill; expectation of misfortune.</def>

<h1>Forebodingly</h1>
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<hw>Fore*bod"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a foreboding manner.</def>

<h1>Forebrace</h1>
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<hw>Fore"brace`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope applied to the fore yardarm, to change the position of the foresail.</def>

<h1>Forebrain</h1>
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<hw>Fore"brain`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The anterior of the three principal divisions of the brain, including the prosencephalon and thalamencephalon. Sometimes restricted to the prosencephalon only. See <er>Brain</er>.</def>

<h1>Foreby</h1>
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<hw>Fore*by"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fore</ets> + <ets>by</ets>.]</ety> <def>Near; hard by; along; past. See <er>Forby</er>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Forecast</h1>
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<hw>Fore*cast"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To plan beforehand; to scheme; to project.</def>

<blockquote>He shall <b>forecast</b> his devices against the strongholds.
<i>Dan. xi. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To foresee; to calculate beforehand, so as to provide for.</def>

<blockquote>It is wisdom to consider the end of things before we embark, and to <b>forecast</b> consequences.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forecast</h1>
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<hw>Fore*cast"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To contrive or plan beforehand.</def>

<blockquote>If it happen as I did <b>forecast</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forecast</h1>
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<hw>Fore"cast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Previous contrivance or determination; predetermination.</def>

<blockquote>He makes this difference to arise from the <b>forecast</b> and predetermination of the gods themselves.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Foresight of consequences, and provision against them; prevision; premeditation.</def>

<blockquote>His calm, deliberate <b>forecast</b> better fitted him for the council than the camp.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forecaster</h1>
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<hw>Fore*cast"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who forecast.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Forecastle</h1>
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<hw>Fore"cas`tle</hw> <tt>(?; <i>sailors say</i> <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A short upper deck forward, formerly raised like a castle, to command an enemy's decks.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That part of the upper deck of a vessel forward of the foremast, or of the after part of the fore channels.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>In merchant vessels, the forward part of the vessel, under the deck, where the sailors live.</def>

<h1>Forechosen</h1>
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<hw>Fore`cho"sen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Chosen beforehand.</def>

<h1>Forecited</h1>
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<hw>Fore"cit`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cited or quoted before or above.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Foreclose</h1>
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<hw>Fore*close"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Foreclosed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Foreclosing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>forclos</ets>, p.p. of <ets>forclore</ets> to exclude; OF. <ets>fors</ets>, F. <ets>hors</ets>, except, outside (fr. L. <ets>foris</ets> outside) + F. <ets>clore</ets> to close. See <er>Foreign</er>, and <er>Close</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To shut up or out; to preclude; to stop; to prevent; to bar; to exclude.</def>

<blockquote>The embargo with Spain <b>foreclosed</b> this trade.
<i>Carew.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To foreclose a mortgager</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to cut him off by a judgment of court from the power of redeeming the mortgaged premises, termed his <i>equity of redemption<i>.</cd> -- <col>To foreclose a mortgage</col>, <cd>(not technically correct, but often used to signify) the obtaining a judgment for the payment of an overdue mortgage, and the exposure of the mortgaged property to sale to meet the mortgage debt.</cd></cs>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Foreclosure</h1>
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<hw>Fore*clo"sure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of foreclosing; a proceeding which bars or extinguishes a mortgager's right of redeeming a mortgaged estate.</def>

<h1>Foreconceive</h1>
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<hw>Fore`con*ceive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To preconceive; to imagine beforehand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Foredate</h1>
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<hw>Fore*date"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To date before the true time; to antendate.</def>

<h1>Foredeck</h1>
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<hw>Fore"deck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The fore part of a deck, or of a ship.</def>

<h1>Foredeem</h1>
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<hw>Fore*deem"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To recognize or judge in advance; to forebode.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<blockquote>Laugh at your misery, as <b>foredeeming</b> you
An idle meteor.
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foredeem</h1>
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<hw>Fore*deem"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Foredoom</er>.]</ety> <def>To know or discover beforehand; to foretell.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Which [maid] could guess and <b>foredeem</b> of things past, present, and to come.
<i>Genevan Test.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foredesign</h1>
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<hw>Fore`de*sign"</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To plan beforehand; to intend previously.</def>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Foredetermine</h1>
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<hw>Fore`de*ter"mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To determine or decree beforehand.</def>

<i>Bp. Hopkins.</i>

<h1>Foredispose</h1>
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<hw>Fore`dis*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bestow beforehand.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>King James had by promise <b>foredisposed</b> the place on the Bishop of Meath.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foredoom</h1>
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<hw>Fore*doom"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Foredeem</er>.]</ety> <def>To doom beforehand; to predestinate.</def>

<blockquote>Thou art <b>foredomed</b> to view the Stygian state.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foredoom</h1>
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<hw>Fore"doom`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Doom or sentence decreed in advance.</def> "A dread <i>foredoom</i> ringing in the ears of the guilty adult."

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Forefather</h1>
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<hw>Fore"fa`ther</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who precedes another in the line of genealogy in any degree, but usually in a remote degree; an ancestor.</def>

<blockquote>Respecting your <b>forefathers</b>, you would have been taught to respect yourselves.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Forefathers' Day</col>, <cd>the anniversary of the day (December 21) on which the Pilgrim Fathers landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620). On account of a mistake in reckoning the change from Old Style to New Style, it has generally been celebrated on the 22d.</cd></cs>

<h1>Forefeel</h1>
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<hw>Fore*feel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To feel beforehand; to have a presentiment of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>As when, with unwieldy waves, the great sea <b>forefeels</b> winds.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forefence</h1>
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<hw>Fore`fence"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Defense in front.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Forefend</h1>
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<hw>Fore*fend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>forfenden</ets>; pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>fenden</ets> to fend. See <er>Fend</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To hinder; to fend off; to avert; to prevent the approach of; to forbid or prohibit. See <er>Forfend</er>.</def>

<blockquote>God <b>forefend</b> it should ever be recorded in our history.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It would be a far better work . . . to <b>forefend</b> the cruelty.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forefinger</h1>
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<hw>Fore"fin`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The finger next to the thumb; the index.</def>

<h1>Foreflow</h1>
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<hw>Fore*flow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To flow before.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Forefoot</h1>
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<hw>Fore"foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the anterior feet of a quardruped or multiped; -- usually written <i>fore foot</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A piece of timber which terminates the keel at the fore end, connecting it with the lower end of the stem.</def>

<h1>Foreefront</h1>
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<hw>Foree"front`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Foremost part or place.</def>

<blockquote>Set ye Uriah in the <b>forefront</b> of the hottest battle.
<i>2 Sam. xi. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, standing in the <b>forefront</b> for all time, the masters of those who know.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foregame</h1>
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<hw>Fore"game`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A first game; first plan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Whitlock.</i>

<h1>Foreganger</h1>
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<hw>Fore"gang`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prop., a goer before cf. G. <ets>voreg\'84nger</ets>. See <er>Fore</er>, and <er>Gang</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A short rope grafted on a harpoon, to which a longer lin<?/ may be attached.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Foregather</h1>
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<hw>Fore*gath"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Forgather</er>.</def>

<h1>Foregift</h1>
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<hw>Fore"gift`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A premium paid by <?/ lessee when taking his lease.</def>

<h1>Foregleam</h1>
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<hw>Fore"gleam`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An antecedent or premonitory gleam; a dawning light.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>foregleams</b> of wisdom.
<i>Whittier.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forego</h1>
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<hw>Fore*go"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Forewent 2</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Foregone</er> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Foregoing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Forgo</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To quit; to relinquish; to leave.</def>

<blockquote>Stay at the third cup, or <b>forego</b> the place.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To relinquish the enjoyment or advantage of; to give up; to resign; to renounce; -- said of a thing already enjoyed, or of one within reach, or anticipated.</def>

<blockquote>All my patrimony,,
If need be, I am ready to <b>forego</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thy lovers must their promised heaven <b>forego</b>.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[He] never <b>forewent</b> an opportunity of honest profit.
<i>R. L. Stevenson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Forgo</i> is the better spelling etymologically, but the word has been confused with <er>Forego</er>, to go before.</note>

<h1>Forego</h1>
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<hw>Fore*go"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>foreg\'ben</ets>; <ets>fore + g\'ben</ets> to go; akin to G. <ets>vorgehen</ets> to go before, precede. See <er>GO</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>To go before; to precede; -- used especially in the present and past participles.</def>

<blockquote>Pleasing remembrance of a thought <b>foregone</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For which the very mother's face <b>forewent</b>
The mother's special patience.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Foregone conclusion</col>, <cd>one which has preceded argument or examination; one predetermined.</cd></cs>

<h1>Foregoer</h1>
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<hw>Fore*go"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who goes before another; a predecessor; hence, an ancestor' a progenitor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A purveyor of the king; -- so called, formerly, from <i>going before</i> to provide for his household.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Foregoer</h1>
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<hw>Fore*go"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymologically <ets>forgoer</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who forbears to enjoy.</def>

<h1>Foreground</h1>
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<hw>Fore"ground`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>On a painting, and sometimes in a bas-relief, mosaic picture, or the like, that part of the scene represented, which is nearest to the spectator, and therefore occupies the lowest part of the work of art itself. Cf. <er>Distance</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 6.</def>

<h1>Foreguess</h1>
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<hw>Fore*guess"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To conjecture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Foregut</h1>
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<hw>Fore"gut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The anterior part of the alimentary canal, from the mouth to the intestine, o<?/ to the entrance of the bile duct.</def>

<h1>Forehand</h1>
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<hw>Fore"hand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>All that part of a horse which is before the rider.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The chief or most important part.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Superiority; advantage; start; precedence.</def>

<blockquote>And, but for ceremony, such a wretch . . .
Had the <b>forehand</b> and vantage of a king.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forehand</h1>
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<hw>Fore"hand`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Done beforehand; anticipative.</def>

<blockquote>And so extenuate the <b>forehand</b> sin.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forehanded</h1>
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<hw>Fore"hand`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Early; timely; seasonable.</def> "<i>Forehanded</i> care."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Beforehand with one's needs, or having resources in advance of one's necessities; in easy circumstances; <as>as, a <ex>forehanded</ex> farmer</as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Formed in the forehand or fore parts.</def>

<blockquote>A substantial, true-bred beast, bravely <b>forehanded</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forehead</h1>
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<hw>Fore"head</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The front of that part of the head which incloses the brain; that part of the face above the eyes; the brow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The aspect or countenance; assurance.</def>

<blockquote>To look with <b>forehead</b> bold and big enough
Upon the power and puissance of the king.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The front or fore part of anything.</def>

<blockquote>Flames in the <b>forehead</b> of the morning sky.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So rich advantage of a promised glory
As smiles upon the <b>forehead</b> of this action.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forehear</h1>
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<hw>Fore*hear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To hear beforehand.</def>

<h1>Forehearth</h1>
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<hw>Fore"hearth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The forward extension of the hearth of a blast furnace under the tymp.</def>

<h1>Forehend</h1>
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<hw>Fore*hend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Forhend</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Forehew</h1>
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<hw>Fore*hew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To hew or cut in front.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sackville.</i>

<h1>Forehold</h1>
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<hw>Fore"hold`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The forward part of the hold of a ship.</def>

<h1>Foreholding</h1>
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<hw>Fore*hold"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ominous foreboding; superstitious prognostication.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Forehook</h1>
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<hw>Fore"hook`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of timber placed across the stem, to unite the bows and strengthen the fore part of the ship; a breast hook.</def>

<h1>Foreign</h1>
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<hw>For"eign</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>forein</ets>, F. <ets>forain</ets>, LL. <ets>foraneus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>foras</ets>, <ets>foris</ets>, out of doors, abroad, without; akin to <ets>fores</ets> doors, and E. <ets>door</ets>. See <er>Door</er>, and cf. <er>Foreclose</er>, <er>Forfeit</er>, <er>Forest</er>, <er>Forum</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Outside; extraneous; separated; alien; <as>as, a <ex>foreign</ex> country; a <ex>foreign</ex> government.</as></def> "<i>Foreign</i> worlds."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not native or belonging to a certain country; born in or belonging to another country, nation, sovereignty, or locality; <as>as, a <ex>foreign</ex> language; <ex>foreign</ex> fruits.</as></def> "Domestic and <i>foreign</i> writers."

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<blockquote>Hail, <b>foreign</b> wonder!
Whom certain these rough shades did never breed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Remote; distant; strange; not belonging; not connected; not pertaining or pertient; not appropriate; not harmonious; not agreeable; not congenial; -- with <i>to</i> or <i>from</i>; <as>as, <ex>foreign</ex> to the purpose; <ex>foreign</ex> to one's nature.</as></def>

<blockquote>This design is not <b>foreign</b> from some people's thoughts.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Held at a distance; excluded; exiled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Kept him a <b>foreign</b> man still; which so grieved him,
That he ran mad and died.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Foreign attachment</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a process by which the property of a foreign or absent debtor is attached for the satisfaction of a debt due from him to the plaintiff; an attachment of the goods, effects, or credits of a debtor in the hands of a third person; -- called in some States <i>trustee<i>, in others <i>factorizing<i>, and in others <i>garnishee<i> process. <i>Kent</i>. <i>Tomlins</i>. <i>Cowell</i>.</cd> -- <col>Foreign bill</col>, <cd>a bill drawn in one country, and payable in another, as distinguished from an inland bill, which is one drawn and payable in the same country. In this latter, as well as in several other points of view, the different States of the United States are foreign to each other. See <er>Exchange</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4. <i>Kent</i>. <i>Story</i>.</cd> -- <col>Foreign body</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a substance occurring in any part of the body where it does not belong, and usually introduced from without.</cd> -- <col>Foreign office</col>, <cd>that department of the government of Great Britain which has charge British interests in foreign countries.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="584">
Page 584<p>

<syn>Syn. -- Outlandish; alien; exotic; remote; distant; extraneous; extrinsic.</syn>

<h1>Foreigner</h1>
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<hw>For"eign*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person belonging to or owning allegiance to a foreign country; one not native in the country or jurisdiction under consideration, or not naturalized there; an alien; a stranger.</def>

<blockquote>Joy is such a <b>foreigner</b>,
So mere a stranger to my thoughts.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor could the majesty of the English crown appear in a greater luster, either to <b>foreigners</b> or subjects.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foreignism</h1>
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<hw>For"eign*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything peculiar to a foreign language or people; a foreign idiom or custom.</def>

<blockquote>It is a pity to see the technicalities of the so-called liberal professions distigured by <b>foreignisms</b>.
<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foreignness</h1>
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<hw>For"eign*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being foreign; remoteness; want of relation or appropriateness.</def>

<blockquote>Let not the <b>foreignness</b> of the subject hinder you from endeavoring to set me right.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>foreignness</b> of complexion.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forein</h1>
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<hw>For"ein</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Foreign.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Forejudge</h1>
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<hw>Fore*judge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fore</ets> + <ets>judge</ets>.]</ety> <def>To judge beforehand, or before hearing the facts and proof; to prejudge.</def>

<h1>Forejudge</h1>
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<hw>Fore*judge"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>forjudge</ets>, fr. F. <ets>forjuger</ets>; OF. <ets>fors</ets> outside, except + F. <ets>juger</ets> to judge.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To expel from court for some offense or misconduct, as an attorney or officer; to deprive or put out of a thing by the judgment of a court.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Forejudger</h1>
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<hw>Fore*judg"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A judgment by which one is deprived or put of a right or thing in question.</def>

<h1>Forejudgment</h1>
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<hw>Fore*judg"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Prejudgment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Foreknow</h1>
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<hw>Fore*know"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Foreknew</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Foreknown</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Foreknowing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To have previous knowledge of; to know beforehand.</def>

<blockquote>Who would the miseries of man <b>foreknow</b>?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foreknowa-ble</h1>
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<hw>Fore*know"a-ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be foreknown.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Foreknower</h1>
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<hw>Fore*know"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who foreknows.</def>

<h1>Foreknowingly</h1>
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<hw>Fore*know"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With foreknowledge.</def>

<blockquote>He who . . . <b>foreknowingly</b> loses his life.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foreknowledge</h1>
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<hw>Fore*knowl"edge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Knowledge of a thing before it happens, or of whatever is to happen; prescience.</def>

<blockquote>If I foreknew,
<b>Foreknowledge</b> had no influence on their fault.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forel</h1>
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<hw>For"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>forel</ets>case, sheath, OF. <ets>forel</ets>, <ets>fourel</ets>, F. <ets>fourreau</ets>, LL. <ets>forellus</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>forre</ets>, <ets>fuerre</ets>, sheath, case, of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>fuotar</ets>, akin to Goth. <ets>f\'d3dr</ets>; prob. not the same word as E. <ets>fodder</ets> food. Cf. <er>Fur</er>, <er>Fodder</er> food.]</ety> <def>A kind of parchment for book covers. See <er>Forrill</er>.</def>

<h1>Forel</h1>
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<hw>For"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bind with a forel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Foreland</h1>
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<hw>Fore"land`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A promontory or cape; a headland; <as>as, the North and South <ex>Foreland</ex> in Kent, England</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A piece of ground between the wall of a place and the moat.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Hydraul. Engin.)</fld> <def>That portion of the natural shore on the outside of the embankment which receives the stock of waves and deadens their force.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Forelay</h1>
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<hw>Fore*lay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay down beforehand.</def>

<blockquote>These grounds being <b>forelaid</b> and understood.
<i>Mede.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To waylay. See <er>Forlay</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Foreleader</h1>
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<hw>Fore*lead"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who leads others by his example; aguide.</def>

<h1>Forelend</h1>
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<hw>Fore*lend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Forlend</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>As if that life to losse they had <b>forelent</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forelet</h1>
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<hw>Fore*let"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Forlet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Forelie</h1>
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<hw>Fore*lie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lie in front of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Which <b>forelay</b>
Athwart her snowy breast.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forelift</h1>
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<hw>Fore*lift"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lift up in front.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Forelock</h1>
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<hw>Fore"lock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The lock of hair that grows from the forepart of the head.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A cotter or split pin, as in a slot in a bolt, to prevent retraction; a linchpin; a pin fastening the cap-square of a gun.</def>

<cs><col>Forelock bolt</col>, <cd>a bolt retained by a key, gib, or cotter passing through a slot.</cd> -- <col>Forelock hook</col> <fld>(Rope Making)</fld>, <cd>a winch or whirl by which a bunch of three yarns is twisted into a standard. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To take</col> <col>time, &or; occasion</col>, <col>by the forelock</col></mcol>, <cd>to make prompt use of anything; not to let slip an opportunity.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Time is painted with a lock before and bald behind, signifying thereby that we must <b>take time by the forelock</b>; for when it is once past, there is no recalling it.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>On <b>occasion's forelock</b> watchful wait.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forelook</h1>
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<hw>Fore*look"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To look beforehand or forward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Foreman</h1>
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<hw>Fore"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Foremen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The first or chief man</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The chief man of a jury, who acts as their speaker</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The chief of a set of hands employed in a shop, or on works of any kind, who superintends the rest; an overseer.</def>

<h1>Foremast</h1>
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<hw>Fore"mast`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The mast nearest the bow.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Foremast</col> <col>hand &or; man</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a common sailor; also, a man stationed to attend to the gear of the foremast.</cd></cs>

<h1>Foremeant</h1>
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<hw>Fore*meant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Intended beforehand; premeditated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Forementioned</h1>
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<hw>Fore"men`tioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mentioned before; already cited; aforementioned.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Foremilk</h1>
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<hw>Fore"milk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The milk secreted just before, or directly after, the birth of a child or of the young of an animal; colostrum.</def>

<h1>Foremost</h1>
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<hw>Fore"most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>formest</ets> first, AS. <ets>formest</ets>, <ets>fyrmest</ets>, superl. of <ets>forma</ets> first, which is a superl. fr. <ets>fore</ets> fore; cf. Goth. <ets>frumist</ets>, <ets>fruma</ets>, first. See <er>Fore</er>, <ets>adv</ets>., and cf. <er>First</er>, <er>Former</er>, <er>Frame</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Prime</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>First in time or place; most advanced; chief in rank or dignity; <as>as, the <ex>foremost</ex> troops of an army</as>.</def>

<blockquote>THat struck the <b>foremost</b> man of all this world.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foremostly</h1>
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<hw>Fore"most`ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the foremost place or order; among the foremost.</def>

<i>J. Webster.</i>

<h1>Foremother</h1>
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<hw>Fore"moth`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female ancestor.</def>

<h1>Forename</h1>
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<hw>Fore"name`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A name that precedes the family name or surname; a first name.</def>

<i>Selden.</i>

<h1>Forename</h1>
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<hw>Fore"name`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To name or mention before.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Forenamed</h1>
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<hw>Fore"named`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Named before; aforenamed.</def>

<h1>Forenenst</h1>
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<hw>Fore*nenst"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fore</er>, and <er>Anent</er>.]</ety> <def>Over against; opposite to.</def> <mark>[Now dialectic]</mark>

<blockquote>The land <b>forenenst</b> the Greekish shore.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fore-night</h1>
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<hw>Fore"-night`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The evening between twilight and bedtime.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Forenoon</h1>
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<hw>Fore"noon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The early part of the day, from morning to meridian, or noon.</def>

<h1>Forenotice</h1>
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<hw>Fore"no`tice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Notice or information of an event before it happens; forewarning.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Rymer.</i>

<h1>Forensal</h1>
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<hw>Fo*ren"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Forensic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Forensic</h1>
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<hw>Fo*ren"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>forensis</ets>, fr. <ets>forum</ets> a public place, market place. See <er>Forum</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to courts of judicature or to public discussion and debate; used in legal proceedings, or in public discussions; argumentative; rhetorical; <as>as, <ex>forensic</ex> eloquence or disputes</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Forensic medicine</col>, <cd>medical jurisprudence; medicine in its relations to law.</cd></cs>

<h1>Forensic</h1>
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<hw>Fo*ren"sic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Amer. Colleges)</fld> <def>An exercise in debate; a forensic contest; an argumentative thesis.</def>

<h1>Forensical</h1>
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<hw>Fo*ren"sic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Forensic.</def>

<i>Berkley.</i>

<h1>Foreordain</h1>
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<hw>Fore`or*dain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To ordain or appoint beforehand; to preordain; to predestinate; to predetermine.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Foreordinate</h1>
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<hw>Fore*or"di*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To foreordain.</def>

<h1>Foreordination</h1>
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<hw>Fore*or`di*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Previous ordination or appointment; predetermination; predestination.</def>

<h1>Fore part, &or; Forepart</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fore" part`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Fore"part`</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The part most advanced, or first in time or in place; the beginning.</def>

<h1>Forepast</h1>
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<hw>Fore"past`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bygone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Forepossessed</h1>
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<hw>Fore`pos*sessed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Holding or held formerly in possession.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Preoccupied; prepossessed; pre\'89ngaged.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Not extremely <b>forepossessed</b> with prejudice.
<i>Bp. Sanderson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foreprize</h1>
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<hw>Fore*prize"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To prize or rate beforehand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Forepromised</h1>
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<hw>Fore`prom"ised</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Promised beforehand; pre\'89ngaged.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Forequoted</h1>
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<hw>Fore"quot`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cited before; quoted in a foregoing part of the treatise or essay.</def>

<h1>Foreran</h1>
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<hw>Fore*ran"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Forerun</er>.</def>

<h1>Forerank</h1>
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<hw>Fore"rank`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The first rank; the front.</def>

<h1>Forereach</h1>
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<hw>Fore*reach"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To advance or gain upon; -- said of a vessel that gains upon another when sailing closehauled.</def>

<h1>Forereach</h1>
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<hw>Fore*reach"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To shoot ahead, especially when going in stays.</def>

<i>R. H. Dana, Jr.</i>

<h1>Foreread</h1>
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<hw>Fore*read"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tell beforehand; to signify by tokens; to predestine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Forerecited</h1>
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<hw>Fore`re*cit"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Named or recited before.</def> "The <i>forerecited</i> practices."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Foreremembered</h1>
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<hw>Fore`re*mem"bered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Called to mind previously.</def>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Foreright</h1>
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<hw>Fore"right`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ready; directly forward; going before.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>foreright</i> wind."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Foreright</h1>
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<hw>Fore"right`</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Right forward; onward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Forerun</h1>
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<hw>Fore*run"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To turn before; to precede; to be in advance of (something following).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come before as an earnest of something to follow; to introduce as a harbinger; to announce.</def>

<blockquote>These signs <b>forerun</b> the death or fall of kings.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forerunner</h1>
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<hw>Fore*run"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A messenger sent before to give notice of the approach of others; a harbinger; a sign foreshowing something; a prognostic; <as>as, the <ex>forerunner</ex> of a fever</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whither the <b>forerunner</b> in for us entered, even Jesus.
<i>Heb. vi. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My elder brothers, my <b>forerunners</b>, came.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A predecessor; an ancestor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of rag terminating the log line.</def>

<h1>Foresaid</h1>
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<hw>Fore"said`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mentioned before; aforesaid.</def>

<h1>Foresail</h1>
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<hw>Fore"sail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The sail bent to the foreyard of a square-rigged vessel, being the lowest sail on the foremast.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The gaff sail set on the foremast of a schooner.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The fore staysail of a sloop, being the triangular sail next forward of the mast.</def>

<h1>Foresay</h1>
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<hw>Fore*say"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>foresecgan</ets>; <ets>fore + secgan</ets> to say. See <er>Say</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To foretell.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Her danger nigh that sudden change <b>foresaid</b>.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foresee</h1>
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<hw>Fore*see"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>forese\'a2n</ets>; <ets>fore + se\'a2n</ets> to see. See <er>See</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To see beforehand; to have prescience of; to foreknow.</def>

<blockquote>A prudent man <b>foreseeth</b> the evil.
<i>Prov. xxii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To provide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Great shoals of people, which go on to populate, without <b>foreseeing</b> means of life.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foresee</h1>
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<hw>Fore*see"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To have or exercise foresight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Foreseen</h1>
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<hw>Fore*seen"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt><def>, or (strictly) <i>p. p.</i> Provided; in case that; on condition that.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>One manner of meat is most sure to every complexion, <b>foreseen</b> that it be alway most commonly in conformity of qualities, with the person that eateth.
<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foreseer</h1>
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<hw>Fore*se"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who foresees or foreknows.</def>

<h1>Foreseize</h1>
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<hw>Fore*seize"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To seize beforehand.</def>

<h1>Foreshadow</h1>
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<hw>Fore*shad"ow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shadow or typi<?/y beforehand; to prefigure.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Foreshew</h1>
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<hw>Fore*shew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Foreshow</er>.</def>

<h1>Foreship</h1>
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<hw>Fore"ship`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The fore part of a ship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Foreshorten</h1>
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<hw>Fore*short"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fine Art)</fld> <def>To represent on a plane surface, as if extended in a direction toward the spectator or nearly so; to shorten by drawing in perspective.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To represent pictorially to the imagination.</def>

<blockquote>Songs, and deeds, and lives that lie
<b>Foreshortened</b> in the tract of time.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foreshortening</h1>
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<hw>Fore*short"en*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Representation in a foreshortened mode or way.</def>

<h1>Foreshot</h1>
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<hw>Fore"shot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>In distillation of low wines, the first portion of spirit that comes over, being a fluid abounding in fusel oil.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Foreshow</h1>
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<hw>Fore*show"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>foresce\'a0wian</ets> to foresee, provide; <ets>fore + sce\'a0wian</ets> to see. See <er>Show</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To show or exhibit beforehand; to give foreknowledge of; to prognosticate; to foretell.</def>

<blockquote>Your looks <b>foreshow</b>
You have a gentle heart.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Next, like Aurora, Spenser rose,
Whose purple blush the day <b>foreshows</b>.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foreshower</h1>
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<hw>Fore*show"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who predicts.</def>

<h1>Foreside</h1>
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<hw>Fore"side</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The front side; the front; esp., a stretch of country fronting the sea.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The outside or external covering.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Foresight</h1>
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<hw>Fore"sight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or the power of foreseeing; prescience; foreknowledge.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Action in reference to the future; provident care; prudence; wise forethought.</def>

<blockquote>This seems an unseasonable <b>foresight</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A random expense, without plan or <b>foresight</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Surv.)</fld> <def>Any sight or reading of the leveling staff, except the backsight; any sight or bearing taken by a compass or theodolite in a forward direction.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>Muzzle sight. See <cref>Fore sight</cref>, under <er>Fore</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Foresighted</h1>
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<hw>Fore"sight`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sagacious; prudent; provident for the future.</def>

<i>Bartram.</i>

<h1>Foresightful</h1>
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<hw>Fore"sight`ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Foresighted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Foresignify</h1>
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<hw>Fore*sig"ni*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To signify beforehand; to foreshow; to typify.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Foreskin</h1>
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<hw>Fore"skin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The fold of skin which covers the glans of the penis; the prepuce.</def>

<h1>Foreskirt</h1>
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<hw>Fore"skirt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The front skirt of a garment, in distinction from the <i>train</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Honor's train
Is longer than his <b>foreskirt</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foreslack</h1>
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<hw>Fore*slack"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Forslack</er>.</def>

<h1>Foresleeve</h1>
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<hw>Fore"sleeve`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The sleeve below the elbow.</def>

<h1>Foreslow</h1>
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<hw>Fore*slow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Forslow</er>.]</ety> <def>To make slow; to hinder; to obstruct. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Forslow</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<blockquote>No stream, no wood, no mountain could <b>foreslow</b>
Their hasty pace.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foreslow</h1>
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<hw>Fore*slow"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To loiter. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Forslow</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<h1>Forespeak</h1>
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<hw>Fore*speak"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Forspeak</er>.</def>

<h1>Forespeak</h1>
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<hw>Fore*speak"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To foretell; to predict.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>My mother was half a witch; never anything that she <b>forespake</b> but came to pass.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forespeaking</h1>
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<hw>Fore"speak`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A prediction; also, a preface.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Camden. Huloet.</i>

<h1>Forespeech</h1>
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<hw>Fore"speech`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A preface.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Forespent</h1>
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<hw>Fore*spent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fore</ets> + <ets>spent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Already spent; gone by; past.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Forespent</h1>
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<hw>Fore*spent"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Forspent</er>.</def>

<h1>Forespurrer</h1>
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<hw>Fore*spur"rer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rides before; a harbinger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Forest</h1>
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<hw>For"est</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>forest</ets>, F. <ets>for\'88t</ets>, LL. <ets>forestis</ets>, also, <ets>forestus</ets>, <ets>forestum</ets>, <ets>foresta</ets>, prop., open ground reserved for the chase, fr. L. <ets>foris</ets>, <ets>foras</ets>, out of doors, abroad. See <er>Foreign</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An extensive wood; a large tract of land covered with trees; in the United States, a wood of native growth, or a tract of woodland which has never been cultivated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A large extent or precinct of country, generally waste and woody, belonging to the sovereign, set apart for the keeping of game for his use, not inclosed, but distinguished by certain limits, and protected by certain laws, courts, and officers of its own.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Forest</h1>
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<hw>For"est</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a forest; sylvan.</def>

<cs><col>Forest fly</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>One of numerous species of blood-sucking flies, of the family <spn>Tabanid\'91</spn>, which attack both men and beasts. See <er>Horse fly</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A fly of the genus <spn>Hippobosca</spn>, esp. <spn>H. equina</spn>. See <er>Horse tick</er>.</cd> -- <col>Forest glade</col>, <cd>a grassy space in a forest. <i>Thomson</i>.</cd> -- <col>Forest laws</col>, <cd>laws for the protection of game, preservation of timber, etc., in forests.</cd> -- <col>Forest tree</col>, <cd>a tree of the forest, especially a timber tree, as distinguished from a <i>fruit tree<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Forest</h1>
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<hw>For"est</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with trees or wood.</def>

<h1>Forestaff</h1>
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<hw>Fore"staff`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An instrument formerly used at sea for taking the altitudes of heavenly bodies, now superseded by the sextant; -- called also <altname>cross-staff</altname>.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Forestage</h1>
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<hw>For"est*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>forestage</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A duty or tribute payable to the king's foresters.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A service paid by foresters to the king.</def>

<h1>Forestal</h1>
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<hw>For"est*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to forests; <as>as, <ex>forestal</ex> rights</as>.</def>

<h1>Forestall</h1>
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<hw>Fore*stall"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Forestalled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Forestalling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>forstallen</ets> to stop, to obstruct; to stop (goods) on the way to the market by buying them beforehand, from <ets>forstal</ets> obstruction, AS. <ets>forsteal</ets>, <ets>foresteall</ets>, prop., a placing one's self before another. See <er>Fore</er>, and <er>Stall</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take beforehand, or in advance; to anticipate.</def>

<blockquote>What need a man <b>forestall</b> his date of grief,
And run to meet what he would most avoid?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take possession of, in advance of some one or something else, to the exclusion or detriment of the latter; to get ahead of; to preoccupy; also, to exclude, hinder, or prevent, by prior occupation, or by measures taken in advance.</def>

<hr>
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Page 585<p>

<blockquote>An ugly serpent which <b>forestalled</b> their way.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But evermore those damsels did <b>forestall</b>
Their furious encounter.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To be <b>forestalled</b> ere we come to fall.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Habit is a <b>forestalled</b> and obstinate judge.
<i>Rush.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deprive; -- with <i>of</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>All the better; may
This night <b>forestall</b> him of the coming day!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To obstruct or stop up, as a way; to stop the passage of on highway; to intercept on the road, as goods on the way to market.</def>

<cs><col>To forestall the market</col>, <cd>to buy or contract for merchandise or provision on its way to market, with the intention of selling it again at a higher price; to dissuade persons from bringing their goods or provisions there; or to persuade them to enhance the price when there. This was an offense at law in England until 1844.</cd></cs>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To anticipate; monopolize; engross.</syn>

<h1>Forestaller</h1>
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<hw>Fore*stall"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who forestalls; esp., one who forestalls the market.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Forestay</h1>
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<hw>Fore"stay`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A large, strong rope, reaching from the foremast head to the bowsprit, to support the mast. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Ship</er>.</def>

<h1>Forester</h1>
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<hw>For"est*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>forestier</ets>, LL. <ets>forestarius</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who has charge of the growing timber on an estate; an officer appointed to watch a forest and preserve the game.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inhabitant of a forest.</def>

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A forest tree.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lepidopterous insect belonging to <i>Alypia</i> and allied genera; <as>as, the eight-spotted <ex>forester</ex> (<ex>A</ex></as>. <i>octomaculata</i>), which in the larval state is injurious to the grapevine.</def>

<h1>Forestick</h1>
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<hw>Fore"stick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Front stick of a hearth fire.</def>

<h1>Forestry</h1>
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<hw>For"est*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>foresterie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of forming or of cultivating forests; the management of growing timber.</def>

<h1>Foreswart, Foreswart</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fore"swart`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fore"swart`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Forswat</er>.</def>

<h1>Foretaste</h1>
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<hw>Fore"taste`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A taste beforehand; enjoyment in advance; anticipation.</def>

<h1>Foretaste</h1>
<Xpage=585>

<hw>Fore*taste"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To taste before full possession; to have previous enjoyment or experience of; to anticipate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To taste before another.</def> "<i>Foretasted</i> fruit."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Foretaster</h1>
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<hw>Fore"tast`er</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who tastes beforehand, or before another.</def>

<h1>Foreteach</h1>
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<hw>Fore*teach"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To teach beforehand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Foretell</h1>
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<hw>Fore*tell"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Foretold</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Foretelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To predict; to tell before occurence; to prophesy; to foreshow.</def>

<blockquote>Deeds then undone my faithful tongue <b>foretold</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Prodigies, <b>foretelling</b> the future eminence and luster of his character.
<i>C. Middleton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To predict; prophesy; prognosticate; augur.</syn>

<h1>Foretell</h1>
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<hw>Fore*tell"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To utter predictions.</def>

<i>Acts iii. 24.</i>

<h1>Foreteller</h1>
<Xpage=585>

<hw>Fore*tell"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who predicts.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Forethink</h1>
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<hw>Fore*think"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To think beforehand; to anticipate in the mind; to prognosticate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The soul of every man
Prophetically doth <b>forethink</b> thy fall.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To contrive (something) beforehend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Forethink</h1>
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<hw>Fore*think"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To contrive beforehand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Forethought</h1>
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<hw>Fore"thought`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Thought of, or planned, beforehand; aforethought; prepense; hence, deliberate.</def> "<i>Forethought</i> malice."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Forethought</h1>
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<hw>Fore"thought`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thinking or planning beforehand; prescience; premeditation; forecast; provident care.</def>

<blockquote>A sphere that will demand from him <b>forethought</b>, courage, and wisdom.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forethoughtful</h1>
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<hw>Fore"thought`ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having forethought.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Foretime</h1>
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<hw>Fore"time`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The past; the time before the present.</def> "A very dim <i>foretime</i>."

<i>J. C. Shairp.</i>

<h1>Foretoken</h1>
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<hw>Fore"to`ken</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>foret\'becen</ets>. See <er>Token</er>.]</ety> <def>Prognostic; previous omen.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Foretoken</h1>
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<hw>Fore*to"ken</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Foretokened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Foretokening</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>foret\'becnian</ets>; <ets>fore + t\'becnian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To foreshow; to presignify; to prognosticate.</def>

<blockquote>Whilst strange prodigious signs <b>foretoken</b> blood.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fore tooth</h1>
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<hw>Fore" tooth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <plu>pl. <plw>Fore teeth</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the teeth in the forepart of the mouth; an incisor.</def>

<h1>Foretop</h1>
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<hw>Fore"top`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The hair on the forepart of the head; esp., a tuft or lock of hair which hangs over the forehead, as of a horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That part of a headdress that is in front; the top of a periwig.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The platform at the head of the foremast.</def>

<h1>Fore-topgallant</h1>
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<hw>Fore`-top*gal"lant</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Designating the mast, sail, yard, etc., above the topmast; <as>as, the <ex>fore-topgallant</ex> sail</as>. See <er>Sail</er>.</def>

<h1>Fore-topmast</h1>
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<hw>Fore`-top"mast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The mast erected at the head of the foremast, and at the head of which stands the fore-topgallant mast. See <er>Ship</er>.</def>

<h1>Fore-topsail</h1>
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<hw>Fore`-top"sail</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sail</er>.</def>

<h1>Forever</h1>
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<hw>For*ev"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>For</ets>, prep. + <ets>ever</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Through eternity; through endless ages, eternally.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>At all times; always.</def>

<note>&hand; In England, <i>for</i> and <i>ever</i> are usually written and printed as two separate words; but, in the United States, the general practice is to make but a single word of them.</note>

<cs><col>Forever and ever</col>, <cd>an emphatic "forever."</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Constantly; continually; invariably; unchangeably; incessantly; always; perpetually; unceasingly; ceaselessly; interminably; everlastingly; endlessly; eternally.</syn>

<h1>Forevouched</h1>
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<hw>Fore*vouched"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formerly vouched or avowed; affirmed in advance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Foreward</h1>
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<hw>Fore"ward`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The van; the front.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>My <b>foreward</b> shall be drawn out all in length,
Consisting equally of horse and foot.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forewarn</h1>
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<hw>Fore*warn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Forewarned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Forewarning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To warn beforehand; to give previous warning, admonition, information, or notice to; to caution in advance.</def>

<blockquote>We were <b>forewarned</b> of your coming.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forewaste</h1>
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<hw>Fore*waste"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Forewaste</er>.</def>

<i>Gascoigne.</i>

<h1>Forewend</h1>
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<hw>Fore*wend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fore</ets> + <ets>wend</ets>.]</ety> <def>To go before.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Forewish</h1>
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<hw>Fore*wish"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To wish beforehand.</def>

<h1>Forewit</h1>
<Xpage=585>

<hw>Fore"wit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A leader, or would-be leader, in matters of knowledge or taste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Nor that the <b>forewits</b>, that would draw the rest unto their liking, always like the best.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Foresight; prudence.</def>

<blockquote>Let this <b>forewit</b> guide thy thought.
<i>Southwell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forewite</h1>
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<hw>Fore*wite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>pres. indic. sing., 1st & 3d pers.</tt> <er>Forewot</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>2d person</tt> <er>Forewost</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>pl.</tt> <er>Forewiten</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>imp. sing.</tt> <er>Forewiste</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pl.</tt> <er>Forewisten</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Forewiting</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>forewitan</ets>. See <er>Wit</er> to know.]</ety> <def>To foreknow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>forwete</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Forewomen</h1>
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<hw>Fore"wom`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Forewomen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A woman who is chief; a woman who has charge of the work or workers in a shop or other place; a head woman.</def>

<i>Tatler. W. Besant.</i>

<h1>Foreword</h1>
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<hw>Fore"word`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A preface.</def>

<i>Furnvall.</i>

<h1>Foreworn</h1>
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<hw>Fore*worn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Forworn</er>.]</ety> <def>Worn out; wasted; used up.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Old <b>foreworn</b> stories almost forgotten.
<i>Brydges.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forewot</h1>
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<hw>Fore*wot"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pres. indic.</tt><def>, <i>1st</i> & <i>3d pers</i>. <i>sing</i>. of <er>Forewite</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Foreyard</h1>
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<hw>Fore"yard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The lowermost yard on the foremast. <note>[See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Ship</er>.]</note></def>

<h1>Forfalture</h1>
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<hw>For"fal*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Forfeiture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Forfeit</h1>
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<hw>For"feit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>forfet</ets> crime, penalty, F. <ets>forfait</ets> crime (LL. <ets>forefactum</ets>, <ets>forifactum</ets>), prop. p.p. of <ets>forfaire</ets> to forfeit, transgress, fr. LL. <ets>forifacere</ets>, prop., to act beyond; L. <ets>foris</ets> out of doors, abroad, beyond + <ets>facere</ets> to do. See <er>Foreign</er>, and <er>FAct</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Injury; wrong; mischief.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To seek arms upon people and country that never did us any <b>forfeit</b>.
<i>Ld. Berners.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thing forfeit or forfeited; what is or may be taken from one in requital of a misdeed committed; that which is lost, or the right to which is alienated, by a crime, offense, neglect of duty, or breach of contract; hence, a fine; a mulct; a penalty; <as>as, he who murders pays the <ex>forfeit</ex> of his life</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thy slanders I forgive; and therewithal
Remit thy other <b>forfeits</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Something deposited and redeemable by a sportive fine; -- whence the game of <i>forfeits</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Country dances and <b>forfeits</b> shortened the rest of the day.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forfeit</h1>
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<hw>For"feit</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>forfait</ets>, p.p. of <ets>forfaire</ets>. See <er>Forfeit</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Lost or alienated for an offense or crime; liable to penal seizure.</def>

<blockquote>Thy wealth being <b>forfeit</b> to the state.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To tread the <b>forfeit</b> paradise.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forfeit</h1>
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<hw>For"feit</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Forfeited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Forfeiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>forfeten</ets>. See <er>Forfeit</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To lose, or lose the right to, by some error, fault, offense, or crime; to render one's self by misdeed liable to be deprived of; to alienate the right to possess, by some neglect or crime; <as>as, to <ex>forfeit</ex> an estate by treason; to <ex>forfeit</ex> reputation by a breach of promise</as>; -- with <i>to</i> before the one acquiring what is forfeited.</def>

<blockquote>[They] had <b>forfeited</b> their property by their crimes.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Undone and <b>forfeited</b> to cares forever!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forfeit</h1>
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<hw>For"feit</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be guilty of a misdeed; to be criminal; to transgress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fail to keep an obligation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I will have the heart of him if he <b>forfeit</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forfeit</h1>
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<hw>For"feit</hw>, <tt>p. p. &or; a.</tt> <def>In the condition of being forfeited; subject to alienation.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Once more I will renew
His laps\'8ad powers, though <b>forfeite</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fourfeitable</h1>
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<hw>Four"feit*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Liable to be forfeited; subject to forfeiture.</def>

<blockquote>For the future, uses shall be subject to the statutes of mortmain, and <b>forfeitable</b>, like the lands themselves.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forfeiter</h1>
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<hw>For"feit*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who incurs a penalty of forfeiture.</def>

<h1>Forfeiture</h1>
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<hw>For"fei*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>forfeiture</ets>, LL. <ets>forisfactura</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of forfeiting; the loss of some right, privilege, estate, honor, office, or effects, by an offense, crime, breach of condition, or other act.</def>

<blockquote>Under pain of <b>foreiture</b> of the said goods.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is forfeited; a penalty; a fine or mulct.</def>

<blockquote>What should I gain
By the exaction of the <b>forfeiture</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Fine; mulct; amercement; penalty.</syn>

<h1>Forfend</h1>
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<hw>For*fend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>fend</ets>. See <er>Forewend</er>.]</ety> <def>To prohibit; to forbid; to avert.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Which peril heaven <b>forefend</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This is etymologically the preferable spelling.</note>

<h1>Forfered</h1>
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<hw>For*fer"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>For-</er>, and <er>Fear</er>.]</ety> <def>Excessively alarmed; in great fear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Forfered</i> of his death."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Forfete</h1>
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<hw>For"fete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Forfeit</er>.]</ety> <def>To incur a penalty; to transgress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And all this suffered our Lord Jesus Christ that never <b>forfeted</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forfex</h1>
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<hw>For"fex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A pair of shears.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Forficate</h1>
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<hw>For"fi*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>forfex</ets>, <ets>forficis</ets>, shears.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Deeply forked, as the tail of certain birds.</def>

<h1>Forficula</h1>
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<hw>For*fic"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., small shears, scissors, dim. of <ets>forfex</ets> shears.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of insects including the earwigs. See <er>Earwig</er>, 1.</def>

<h1>Forgather</h1>
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<hw>For*gath"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To convene; to gossip; to meet accidentally.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<blockquote>Within that circle he <b>forgathered</b> with many a fool.
<i>Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forgave</h1>
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<hw>For*gave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Forgive</er>.</def>

<h1>Forge</h1>
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<hw>Forge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>forge</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fabrica</ets> the workshop of an artisan who works in hard materials, fr. <ets>faber</ets> artisan, smith, as adj., skillful, ingenious; cf. Gr. <?/ soft, tender. Cf. <er>Fabric</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place or establishment where iron or other metals are wrought by heating and hammering; especially, a furnace, or a shop with its furnace, etc., where iron is heated and wrought; a smithy.</def>

<blockquote>In the quick <b>forge</b> and working house of thought.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The works where wrought iron is produced directly from the ore, or where iron is rendered malleable by puddling and shingling; a shingling mill.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of beating or working iron or steel; the manufacture of metalic bodies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In the greater bodies the <b>forge</b> was easy.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>American forge</col>, <cd>a forge for the direct production of wrought iron, differing from the old Catalan forge mainly in using finely crushed ore and working continuously.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i> -- <col>Catalan forge</col>. <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Catalan</er>.</cd> -- <col>Forge cinder</col>, <cd>the dross or slag form a forge or bloomary.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Forge rolls</col>, <col>Forge train</col></mcol>, <cd>the train of rolls by which a bloom is converted into puddle bars.</cd> -- <col>Forge wagon</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a wagon fitted up for transporting a blackmith's forge and tools.</cd> -- <col>Portable forge</col>, <cd>a light and compact blacksmith's forge, with bellows, etc., that may be moved from place to place.</cd></cs>

<h1>Forge</h1>
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<hw>Forge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Forged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Forging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>forger</ets>, OF. <ets>forgier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fabricare</ets>, <ets>fabricari</ets>, to form, frame, fashion, from <ets>fabrica</ets>. See <er>Forge</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Fabricate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form by heating and hammering; to beat into any particular shape, as a metal.</def>

<blockquote>Mars's armor <b>forged</b> for proof eterne.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form or shape out in any way; to produce; to frame; to invent.</def>

<blockquote>Those names that the schools <b>forged</b>, and put into the mouth of scholars, could never get admittance into common use.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Do <b>forge</b> a life-long trouble for ourselves.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To coin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make falsely; to produce, as that which is untrue or not genuine; to fabricate; to counterfeit, as, a signature, or a signed document.</def>

<blockquote>That paltry story is untrue,
And <b>forged</b> to cheat such gulls as you.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Forged</b> certificates of his . . . moral character.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To fabricate; counterfeit; feign; falsify.</syn>

<h1>Forge</h1>
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<hw>Forge</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Forge</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and for sense 2, cf. <er>Forge</er> compel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To commit forgery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To move heavily and slowly, as a ship after the sails are furled; to work one's way, as one ship in outsailing another; -- used especially in the phrase <i>to forge ahead</i>.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<blockquote>And off she [a ship] <b>forged</b> without a shock.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forge</h1>
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<hw>Forge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To impel forward slowly; <as>as, to <ex>forge</ex> a ship forward</as>.</def>

<h1>Forgeman</h1>
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<hw>Forge"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Forgemen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A skilled smith, who has a hammerer to assist him.</def>

<h1>Forger</h1>
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<hw>For"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[Cf. F. <ets>forgeur</ets> metal worker, L. <ets>fabricator</ets> artificer. See <er>Forge</er>, <tt>n. & v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Fabricator</er>.]</ety> <def>One who forges, makes, of forms; a fabricator; a falsifier.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Especially: One guilty of forgery; one who makes or issues a counterfeit document.</def>

<h1>Forgery</h1>
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<hw>For"ger*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Forgeries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>forgerie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of forging metal into shape.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Useless the <b>forgery</b>
Of brazen shield and spear.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of forging, fabricating, or producing falsely; esp., the crime of fraudulently making or altering a writing or signature purporting to be made by another; the false making or material alteration of or addition to a written instrument for the purpose of deceit and fraud; <as>as, the <ex>forgery</ex> of a bond</as>.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is forged, fabricated, falsely devised, or counterfeited.</def>

<blockquote>These are the <b>forgeries</b> of jealously.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The writings going under the name of Aristobulus were a <b>forgery</b> of the second century.
<i>Waterland.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Counterfeit</er>; <er>Forgery</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Counterfeit</i> is chiefly used of imitations of coin, or of paper money, or of securities depending upon pictorial devices and engraved designs for identity or assurance of genuineness. <i>Forgery</i> is more properly applied to making a false imitation of an instrument depending on signatures to show genuineness and validity.</usage>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<hr>
<page="586">
Page 586<p>

<h1>Forget</h1>
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<hw>For*get"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Forgot</er> <tt>(?)</tt> (<er>Forgat</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <mark>Obs</mark>.); <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Forgotten</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Forgot</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Forgetting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>forgeten</ets>, <ets>foryeten</ets>, AS. <ets>forgietan</ets>, <ets>forgitan</ets>; pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>gietan</ets>, <ets>gitan</ets> (only in comp.), to get; cf. D. <ets>vergeten</ets>, G. <ets>vergessen</ets>, Sw. <ets>f\'94rg\'84ta</ets>, Dan. <ets>forgiette</ets>. See <er>For-</er>, and <er>Get</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lose the remembrance of; to let go from the memory; to cease to have in mind; not to think of; also, to lose the power of; to cease from doing.</def>

<blockquote>Bless the Lord, O my soul, and <b>forget</b> not all his benefits.
<i>Ps. ciii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let y right hand <b>forget</b> her cunning.
<i>Ps. cxxxvii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hath thy knee <b>forget</b> to bow?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat with inattention or disregard; to slight; to neglect.</def>

<blockquote>Can a woman <b>forget</b> her sucking child? . . . Yes, they may <b>forget</b>, yet will I not <b>forget</b> thee.
<i>Is. xlix. 15.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To forget one's self</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To become unmindful of one's own personality; to be lost in thought.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be entirely unselfish.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To be guilty of what is unworthy of one; to lose one's dignity, temper, or self-control.</cd></cs>

<h1>Forgetful</h1>
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<hw>For*get"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Apt to forget; easily losing remembrance; <as>as, a <ex>forgetful</ex> man should use helps to strengthen his memory</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Heedless; careless; neglectful; inattentive.</def>

<blockquote>Be not <b>forgetful</b> to entertain strangers.
<i>Heb. xiii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Causing to forget; inducing oblivion; oblivious.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Poetic]</mark> "The <i>forgetful</i> wine."

<i>J. Webster.</i>

<h1>Forgetfully</h1>
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<hw>For*get"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a forgetful manner.</def>

<h1>Forgetfulness</h1>
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<hw>For*get"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being forgetful; prononess to let slip from the mind.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Loss of remembrance or recollection; a ceasing to remember; oblivion.</def>

<blockquote>A sweet <b>forgetfulness</b> of human care.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Failure to bear in mind; careless omission; inattention; <as>as, <ex>forgetfulness</ex> of duty</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Forgetfulnes</er>, <er>Oblivion</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Forgetfulness</i> is Anglo-Saxon, and <i>oblivion</i> is Latin. The former commonly has reference to persons, and marks a state of mind, and marks a state of mind; the latter commonly has reference to things, and indicates a condition into which they are sunk. We blame a man for his <i>forgetfulness</i>; we speak of some old custom as buried in <i>oblivion</i>. But this discrimination is not strictly adhered to.</usage>

<h1>Forgetive</h1>
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<hw>For"ge*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Forge</er>.]</ety> <def>Inventive; productive; capable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Forget-me-not</h1>
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<hw>For*get"-me-not`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>vergissmeinnicht</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small herb, of the genus <spn>Myosotis</spn> (<spn>M. palustris</spn>, <spn>incespitosa</spn>, etc.), bearing a beautiful blue flower, and extensively considered the emblem of fidelity.</def>

<note>&hand; Formerly the name was given to the <spn>Ajuga Cham\'91pitus</spn>.</note>

<h1>Forgettable</h1>
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<hw>For*get"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Liable to be, or that may be, forgotten.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Forgetter</h1>
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<hw>For*get"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who forgets; a heedless person.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Forgettingly</h1>
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<hw>For*get"ting*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By forgetting.</def>

<h1>Forging</h1>
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<hw>For"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of shaping metal by hammering or pressing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of counterfeiting.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A piece of forged work in metal; -- a general name for a piece of hammered iron or steel.</def>

<blockquote>There are very few yards in the world at which such <b>forgings</b> could be turned out.
<i>London Times.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forgivable</h1>
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<hw>For*giv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being forgiven; pardonable; venial.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Forgive</h1>
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<hw>For*give"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Forgave</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Forgiven</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Forgiving</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>forgiven</ets>, <ets>foryiven</ets>, <ets>foryeven</ets>, AS. <ets>forgiefan</ets>, <ets>forgifan</ets>; perh. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>giefan</ets>, <ets>gifan</ets> to give; cf. D. <ets>vergeven</ets>, G. <ets>vergeben</ets>, Icel. <ets>fyrirgefa</ets>, Sw. <ets>f<?/rgifva</ets>, Goth. <ets>fragiban</ets> to give, grant. See <er>For-</er>, and <er>Give</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give wholly; to make over without reservation; to resign.</def>

<blockquote>To them that list the world's gay shows I leave,
And to great ones such folly do <b>forgive</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give up resentment or claim to requital on account of (an offense or wrong); to remit the penalty of; to pardon; -- said in reference to the act forgiven.</def>

<blockquote>And their sins should be <b>forgiven</b> them.
<i>Mark iv. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>forgive</b> injures so readily that he might be said to invite them.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cease to feel resentment against, on account of wrong committed; to give up claim to requital from or retribution upon (an offender); to absolve; to pardon; -- said of the person offending.</def>

<blockquote>Father, <b>forgive</b> them; for they know not what they do.
<i>Luke xxiii. 34.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I as free <b>forgive</b> you, as I would be <b>fforgiven</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Sometimes both the person and the offense follow as objects of the verb, sometimes one and sometimes the other being the indirect object. "<i>Forgive</i> us our debts as we <i>forgive</i> our debtors." <i>Matt. vi. 12.</i> "Be of good cheer; thy sins be <i>forgiven</i> thee." <i>Matt. ix. 2.</i></note>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>excuse</er>.</syn>

<h1>Forgiveness</h1>
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<hw>For*give"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>forgifnes</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of forgiving; the state of being forgiven; <as>as, the <ex>forgiveness</ex> of sin or of injuries</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To the Lord our God belong mercies and <b>forgivenesses</b>.
<i>Dan. ix. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In whom we have . . . the <b>forgiveness</b> of sin.
<i>Eph. i. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disposition to pardon; willingness to forgive.</def>

<blockquote>If thou, Lord, shouldest mark iniquities, O Lord, who shall stand? But there is <b>forgiveness</b> with thee, that thou mayest be feared.
<i>Ps. cxxx. 3, 4.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <h1>Pardon, remission</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>Pardon</hw>, <hw>remission</hw>.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Forgiveness</er>, <er>Pardon</er>. <i>Forgiveness</i> is Anglo-Saxon, and <i>pardon</i> Norman French, both implying a <i>giving back</i>. The word <i>pardon</i>, being early used in our Bible, has, in religious matters, the same sense as <i>forgiveness</i>; but in the language of common life there is a difference between them, such as we often find between corresponding Anglo-Saxon and Norman words. <i>Forgive</i> points to inward feeling, and suppose alienated affection; when we ask <i>forgiveness</i>, we primarily seek the removal of anger. <i>Pardon</i> looks more to outward things or consequences, and is often applied to trifling matters, as when we beg <i>pardon</i> for interrupting a man, or for jostling him in a crowd. The civil magistrate also grants a <i>pardon</i>, and not <i>forgiveness</i>. The two words are, therefore, very clearly distinguished from each other in most cases which relate to the common concerns of life.</usage>

<h1>Forgiver</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>For*giv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who forgives.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Forgiving</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>For*giv"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disposed to forgive; inclined to overlook offenses; mild; merciful; compassionate; placable; <as>as, a <ex>forgiving</ex> temper</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>For*giv"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>For*giv"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>J. C. Shairp.</i>

<h1>Forgo</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>For*go"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Forwent</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Forgone</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Forgoing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>forgan</ets>, <ets>forgon</ets>, <ets>forgoon</ets>, AS. forg\'ben, prop., to go past, hence, to abstain from; pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>g\'ben</ets> to go; akin to G. <ets>vergehen</ets> to pass away, to transgress. See <er>Go</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>To pass by; to leave. See 1st <er>Forego</er>.</def>

<blockquote>For sith [since] I shall <b>forgoon</b> my liberty
At your request.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And four [days] since Florimell the court <b>forwent</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word in spelling has been confused with, and almost superseded by, <i>forego</i> to go before. Etymologically the form <i>forgo</i> is correct.</note>

<h1>Forgot</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>For*got"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Forget</er>.</def>

<h1>Forgotten</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>For*got"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Forget</er>.</def>

<h1>Forhall</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>For*hall"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>hale</ets> to draw.]</ety> <def>To harass; to torment; to distress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Forhend</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>For*hend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To seize upon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Forinsecal</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>Fo*rin"se*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>forinsecus</ets> from without.]</ety> <def>Foreign; alien.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Forisfamiliate</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>Fo`ris*fa*mil"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Forisfamiliated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Forisfamiliating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>forisfamiliatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>forisfamiliater</ets> to forisfamiliate; L. <ets>foris</ets> abroad, without + <ets>familia</ets> family.]</ety> <fld>(LAw)</fld> <def>Literally, to put out of a family; hence, to portion off, so as to exclude further claim of inheritance; to emancipate (as a with his own consent) from paternal authority.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Forisfamiliate</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>Fo`ris*fa*mil"i*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To renounce a legal title to a further share of paternal inheritance.</def>

<h1>Forisfamiliation</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>Fo`ris*fa*mil`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act of forisfamiliating.</def>

<h1>Fork</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>Fork</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>forc</ets>, fr. L. <ets>furca</ets>. Cf. <er>Fourch<?/</er>, <er>Furcate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument consisting consisting of a handle with a shank terminating in two or more prongs or tines, which are usually of metal, parallel and slightly curved; -- used from piercing, holding, taking up, or pitching anything.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything furcate or like of a fork in shape, or furcate at the extremity; <as>as, a tuning <ex>fork</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of the parts into which anything is furcated or divided; a prong; a branch of a stream, a road, etc.; a barbed point, as of an arrow.</def>

<blockquote>Let it fall . . . though the <b>fork</b> invade
The region of my heart.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A thunderbolt with three <b>forks</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The place where a division or a union occurs; the angle or opening between two branches or limbs; <as>as, the <ex>fork</ex> of a river, a tree, or a road</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The gibbet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Butler.</i>

<cs><col>Fork beam</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>a half beam to support a deck, where hatchways occur.</cd> -- <col>Fork chuck</col> <fld>(Wood Turning)</fld>, <cd>a lathe center having two prongs for driving the work.</cd> -- <col>Fork head</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The barbed head of an arrow.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The forked end of a rod which forms part of a knuckle joint.</cd> -- <col>In fork</col>. <fld>(Mining)</fld> <cd>A mine is said to be <i>in fork<i>, or an engine to "have the water <i>in fork<i>," when all the water is drawn out of the mine.</cd> <i>Ure.</i> -- <mcol><col>The forks of a river</col> &or; <col>a road</col></mcol>, <cd>the branches into which it divides, or which come together to form it; the place where separation or union takes place.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fork</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>Fork</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Forked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Forking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shoot into blades, as corn.</def>

<blockquote>The corn beginneth to <b>fork</b>.
<i>Mortimer. 1</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To divide into two or more branches; <as>as, a road, a tree, or a stream <ex>forks</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Fork</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>Fork</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To raise, or pitch with a fork, as hay; to dig or turn over with a fork, as the soil.</def>

<blockquote><b>Forking</b> the sheaves on the high-laden cart.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To fork</col> <col>over &or; out</col></mcol>, <cd>to hand or pay over, as money. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forkbeard</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>Fork"beard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A European fish (<spn>Raniceps raninus</spn>), having a large flat head; -- also called <altname>tadpole fish</altname>, and <altname>lesser forked beard</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The European forked hake or hake's-dame (<spn>Phycis blennoides</spn>); -- also called <altname>great forked beard</altname>.</def>

<h1>Forked</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>Forked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Formed into a forklike shape; having a fork; dividing into two or more prongs or branches; furcated; bifurcated; zigzag; <as>as, the <ex>forked</ex> lighting</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A serpent seen, with <b>forked</b> tongue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a double meaning; ambiguous; equivocal.</def>

<cs><col>Cross forked</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a cross, the ends of whose arms are divided into two sharp points; -- called also <altname>cross double fitch\'82</altname>. A <stype>cross forked of three points</stype> is a cross, each of whose arms terminates in three sharp points.</cd> -- <col>Forked counsel</col>, <cd>advice pointing more than one way; ambiguous advice. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <i>B. Jonson.</i></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fork"ed*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fork"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Forkerve</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>For*kerve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Forcarve</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Forkiness</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>Fork"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state or dividing in a forklike manner.</def>

<h1>Forkless</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>Fork"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no fork.</def>

<h1>Forktail</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>Fork"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of several Asiatic and East Indian passerine birds, belonging to <spn>Enucurus</spn>, and allied genera. The tail is deeply forking</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A salmon in its fourth year's growth.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Fork-tailed</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>Fork"-tailed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the outer tail feathers longer than the median ones; swallow-tailed; -- said of many birds.</def>

<cs><col>Fork-tailed flycatcher</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a tropical American flycatcher (<spn>Milvulus tyrannus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Fork-tailed gull</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a gull of the genus <spn>Xema</spn>, of two species, esp. <spn>X. Sabinii</spn> of the Arctic Ocean.</cd> -- <col>Fork-tailed kite</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a graceful American kite (<spn>Elanoides forficatus</spn>); -- called also <altname>swallow-tailed kite</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Forky</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>Fork"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opening into two or more parts or shoots; forked; furcated.</def> "<i>Forky</i> tongues."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Forlaft</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>For*laft"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Forleave</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Forlay</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>For*lay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>lay</ets>.]</ety> <def>To lie in wait for; to ambush.</def>

<blockquote>An ambushed thief <b>forlays</b> a traveler.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forleave</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>For*leave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>forleven</ets>; pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>leven</ets> to leave.]</ety> <def>To leave off wholly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Forlend</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>For*lend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give up wholly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Forlese</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>For*lese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Forlore</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Forlorn</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>forlesen</ets>. See <er>Forlorn</er>.]</ety> <def>To lose utterly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>haucer.</i>

<h1>Forlet</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>For*let"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>forleten</ets>, AS. <ets>forl<?/tan</ets>; pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>l<?/tan</ets> to allow; akin to G. <ets>verlassen</ets> to leave. See <er>Let</er> to allow.]</ety> <def>To give up; to leave; to abandon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>forlet</i> sin."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Forlie</h1>
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<hw>For*lie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Forlie</er>.</def>

<h1>Forlore</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>For*lore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. pl. & p. p.</tt> <def>o<?/ <er>Forlese</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The beasts their caves, the birds their ne<?/ts <b>forlore</b>.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forlorn</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>For*lorn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE., p.p. of <ets>forlesen</ets> to lose utterly, AS. <ets>forle\'a2san</ets> (p.p. <ets>forloren</ets>); pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>le\'a2san</ets> (in comp.) to lose; cf. D. <ets>verliezen</ets> to lose, G. <ets>verlieren</ets>, Sw. <ets>f\'94rlora</ets>, Dan. <ets>forloren</ets>, Goth. <ets>fraliusan</ets> to lose. See <er>For-</er>, and <er>Lorn</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Lose</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Deserted abandoned; lost.</def>

<blockquote>Of fortune and of hope at once <b>forlorn</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some say that ravens foster <b>forlorn</b> children.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destitute; helpless; in pitiful plight; wretched; miserable; almost hopeless; desperate.</def>

<blockquote>For here <b>forlorn</b> and lost I tread.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The condition of the besieged in the mean time was <b>forlorn</b> in the extreme.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She cherished the <b>forlorn</b> hope that he was still living.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>A forlorn hope</col> <ety>[D. <ets>verloren hoop<ets>, prop., a lost band or troop; <ets>verloren<ets>, p.p. of <ets>verliezen<ets> to lose + <ets>hoop<ets> band; akin to E. <ets>heap<ets>. See <er>For-</er>, and <er>Heap</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a body of men (called in F. <i>enfants perdus<i>, in G. <i>verloren posten<i>) selected, usually from volunteers, to attempt a breach, scale the wall of a fortress, or perform other extraordinarily perilous service; also, a desperate case or enterprise.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Destitute, lost; abandoned; forsaken; solitary; helpless; friendless; hopeless; abject; wretched; miserable; pitiable.</syn>

<h1>Forlorn</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>For*lorn"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A lost, forsaken, or solitary person.</def>

<blockquote>Forced to live in Scotland a <b>forlorn</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A forlorn hope; a vanguard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Our <b>forlorn</b> of horse marched within a mile of the enemy.
<i>Oliver Cromvell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forlornly</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>For*lorn"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a forlorn manner.</def>

<i>Pollok.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forlornness</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>For*lorn"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being forlorn.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Forlye</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>For*lye"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Forlie</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>form</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>form</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Form</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A suffix used to denote <i>in the form &or; shape of</i>, <i>resembling</i>, etc.; <as>as, vali<ex>form</ex>; ovi<ex>form</ex></as></def>.

<h1>Form</h1>
<Xpage=586>

<hw>Form</hw> <tt>(f\'d3rm; <i>in senses</i> 8 & 9, <i>often</i> f\'d3rm <i>in England</i>)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. & F. <ets>forme</ets>, fr. L. <ets>forma</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>dhariman</ets>. Cf. <er>Firm</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The shape and structure of anything, as distinguished from the material of which it is composed; particular disposition or arrangement of matter, giving it individuality or distinctive character; configuration; figure; external appearance.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>form</b> of his visage was changed.
<i>Dan. iii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And woven close close, both matter, <b>form</b>, and style.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Constitution; mode of construction, organization, etc.; system; <as>as, a republican <ex>form</ex> of government</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Established method of expression or practice; fixed way of proceeding; conventional or stated scheme; formula; <as>as, a <ex>form</ex> of prayer</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Those whom <b>form</b> of laws
Condemned to die.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Show without substance; empty, outside appearance; vain, trivial, or conventional ceremony; conventionality; formality; <as>as, a matter of mere <ex>form</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Though well we may not pass upon his life
Without the <b>form</b> of justice.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Orderly arrangement; shapeliness; also, comeliness; elegance; beauty.</def>

<blockquote>The earth was without <b>form</b> and void.
<i>Gen. i. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He hath no <b>form</b> nor comeliness.
<i>Is. liii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A shape; an image; a phantom.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>That by which shape is given or determined; mold; pattern; model.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A long seat; a bench; hence, a rank of students in a school; a class; also, a class or rank in society.</def> "Ladies of a high <i>form</i>."

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>The seat or bed of a hare.</def>

<blockquote>As in a <b>form</b> sitteth a weary hare.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The type or other matter from which an impression is to be taken, arranged and secured in a chase.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The boundary line of a material object. In <fld>painting</fld>, more generally, the human body.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The particular shape or structure of a word or part of speech; <as>as, participial <ex>forms</ex>; verbal <ex>forms</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>13.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The combination of planes included under a general crystallographic symbol. It is not necessarily a closed solid.</def>

<p><b>14.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>That assemblage or disposition of qualities which makes a conception, or that internal constitution which makes an existing thing to be what it is; -- called <i>essential</i> or <i>substantial form</i>, and contradistinguished from <i>matter</i>; hence, active or formative nature; law of being or activity; subjectively viewed, an idea; objectively, a law.</def>

<p><b>15.</b> <def>Mode of acting or manifestation to the senses, or the intellect; <as>as, water assumes the <ex>form</ex> of ice or snow</as>. In modern usage, the elements of a conception furnished by the mind's own activity, as contrasted with its object or condition, which is called the <i>matter</i>; subjectively, a mode of apprehension or belief conceived as dependent on the constitution of the mind; objectively, universal and necessary accompaniments or elements of every object known or thought of.</def>

<p><b>16.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The peculiar characteristics of an organism as a type of others; also, the structure of the parts of an animal or plant.</def>

<hr>
<page="587">
Page 587<p>

<cs><mcol><col>Good form</col> &or; <col>Bad form</col></mcol>, <cd>the general appearance, condition or action, originally of horses, atterwards of persons; as, the members of a boat crew are said to be in <i>good form<i> when they pull together uniformly. The phrases are further used colloquially in description of conduct or manners in society; as, it is not <i>good form<i> to smoke in the presence of a lady.</cd></cs>

<h1>Form</h1>
<Xpage=587>

<hw>Form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Formed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Forming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>former</ets>, L. <ets>formare</ets>, fr. <ets>forma</ets>. See <er>Form</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give form or shape to; to frame; to construct; to make; to fashion.</def>

<blockquote>God <b>formed</b> man of the dust of the ground.
<i>Gen. ii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The thought that labors in my <b>forming</b> brain.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give a particular shape to; to shape, mold, or fashion into a certain state or condition; to arrange; to adjust; also, to model by instruction and discipline; to mold by influence, etc.; to train.</def>

<blockquote>'T is education <b>forms</b> the common mind.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thus <b>formed</b> for speed, he challenges the wind.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To go to make up; to act as constituent of; to be the essential or constitutive elements of; to answer for; to make the shape of; -- said of that out of which anything is formed or constituted, in whole or in part.</def>

<blockquote>The diplomatic politicians . . . who <b>formed</b> by far the majority.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To provide with a form, as a hare. See <er>Form</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 9.</def>

<blockquote>The melancholy hare is <b>formed</b> in brakes and briers.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To derive by grammatical rules, as by adding the proper suffixes and affixes.</def>

<h1>Form</h1>
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<hw>Form</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take a form, definite shape, or arrangement; <as>as, the infantry should <ex>form</ex> in column</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To run to a form, as a hare.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<cs><col>To form on</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to form a lengthened line with reference to (any given object) as a basis.</cd></cs>

<h1>Formal</h1>
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<hw>For"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>formalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>formel</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to the form, shape, frame, external appearance, or organization of a thing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Belonging to the constitution of a thing, as distinguished from the matter composing it; having the power of making a thing what it is; constituent; essential; pertaining to oe depending on the forms, so called of the human intellect.</def>

<blockquote>Of [the sounds represented by] letters, the material part is breath and voice; the <b>formal</b> is constituted by the motion and figure of the organs of speech.
<i>Holder.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Done is due form, or with solemnity; according to regular method; not incidental, sudden or irregular; express; <as>as, he gave his <ex>formal</ex> consent</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His obscure funeral . . .
No noble rite nor <b>formal</b> ostentation.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Devoted to, or done in accordance with, forms or rules; punctilious; regular; orderly; methodical; of a prescribed form; exact; prim; stiff; ceremonious; <as>as, a man <ex>formal</ex> in his dress, his gait, his conversation</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A cold-looking, <b>formal</b> garden, cut into angles and rhomboids.
<i>W. Irwing.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She took off the <b>formal</b> cap that confined her hair.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Having the form or appearance without the substance or essence; external; <as>as, <ex>formal</ex> duty; <ex>formal</ex> worship; <ex>formal</ex> courtesy, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Dependent in form; conventional.</def>

<blockquote>Still in constraint your suffering sex remains,
Or bound in <b>formal</b> or in real chains.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Sound; normal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To make of him a <b>formal</b> man again.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Formal cause</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cause</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Precise; punctilious; stiff; starched; affected; ritual; ceremonial; external; outward.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Formal</er>, <er>Ceremonious</er>. When applied to things, these words usually denote a mere accordance with the rules of form or ceremony; as, to make a <i>formal</i> call; to take a <i>ceremonious</i> leave. When applied to a person or his manners, they are used in a bad sense; a person being called <i>formal</i> who shapes himself too much by some pattern or set form, and <i>ceremonious</i> when he lays too much stress on the conventional laws of social intercourse. <i>Formal</i> manners render a man stiff or ridiculous; a <i>ceremonious</i> carriage puts a stop to the ease and freedom of social intercourse.</usage>

<h1>Formaldehyde</h1>
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<hw>For*mal"de*hyde</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Form</ets>ic + <ets>aldehyde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, volatile liquid, <chform>H2CO</chform>, resembling acetic or ethyl aldehyde, and chemically intermediate between methyl alcohol and formic acid.</def>

<h1>Formalism</h1>
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<hw>Form"al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice or the doctrine of strict adherence to, or dependence on, external forms, esp. in matters of religion.</def>

<blockquote>Official <b>formalism</b>.
<i>Sir H. Rawlinson.</u>

<h1>Formalist</h1>
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<hw>Form"al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>formaliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One overattentive to forms, or too much confined to them; esp., one who rests in external religious forms, or observes strictly the outward forms of worship, without possessing the life and spirit of religion.</def>

<blockquote>As far a <b>formalist</b> from wisdom sits,
In judging eyes, as libertines from wits.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Formality</h1>
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<hw>For*mal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Formalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>formalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition or quality of being formal, strictly ceremonious, precise, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Form without substance.</def>

<blockquote>Such [books] as are mere pieces of <b>formality</b>, so that if you look on them, you look though them.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Compliance with formal or conventional rules; ceremony; conventionality.</def>

<blockquote>Nor was his attendance on divine offices a matter of <b>formality</b> and custom, but of conscience.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An established order; conventional rule of procedure; usual method; habitual mode.</def>

<blockquote>He was installed with all the usual <b>formalities</b>.
<i>C. Middleton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The dress prescribed for any body of men, academical, municipal, or sacerdotal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The doctors attending her in their <b>formalities</b> as far as Shotover.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>That which is formal; the formal part.</def>

<blockquote>It unties the inward knot of marriage, . . . while it aims to keep fast the outward <b>formality</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The quality which makes a thing what it is; essence.</def>

<blockquote>The material part of the evil came from our father upon us, but the <b>formality</b> of it, the sting and the curse, is only by ourselves.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>formality</b> of the vow lies in the promise made to God.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Scholastic. Philos.)</fld> <def>The manner in which a thing is conceived or constituted by an act of human thinking; the result of such an act; <as>as, animality and rationality are <ex>formalities</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Formalize</h1>
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<hw>Form"al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Formalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Formalizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give form, or a certain form, to; to model.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To render formal.</def>

<h1>Formalize</h1>
<Xpage=587>

<hw>Form"al*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To affect formality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>ales.</i>

<h1>Formally</h1>
<Xpage=587>

<hw>Form"al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a formal manner; essentially; characteristically; expressly; regularly; ceremoniously; precisely.</def>

<blockquote>That which <b>formally</b> makes this [charity] a Christian grace, is the spring from which it flows.
<i>Smalridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You and your followers do stand <b>formally</b> divided against the authorized guides of the church and rest of the people.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Formate</h1>
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<hw>For"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Formic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of formic acid.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>formiate</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Formation</h1>
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<hw>For*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>formatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>formation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of giving form or shape to anything; a forming; a shaping.</def>

<i>Beattie.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The manner in which a thing is formed; structure; construction; conformation; form; <as>as, the peculiar <ex>formation</ex> of the heart</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A substance formed or deposited.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Mineral deposits and rock masses designated with reference to their origin; <as>as, the siliceous <ex>formation</ex> about geysers; alluvial <ex>formations</ex>; marine <ex>formations</ex>.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A group of beds of the same age or period; <as>as, the Eocene <ex>formation</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The arrangement of a body of troops, as in a square, column, etc.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Formative</h1>
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<hw>Form"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>formatif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Giving form; having the power of giving form; plastic; <as>as, the <ex>formative</ex> arts</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The meanest plant can not be raised without seed, by any <b>formative</b> residing in the soil.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Serving to form; derivative; not radical; <as>as, a termination merely <ex>formative</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Capable of growth and development; germinal; <as>as, living or <ex>formative</ex> matter</as>.</def>

<h1>Formative</h1>
<Xpage=587>

<hw>Form"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That which serves merely to give form, and is no part of the radical, as the prefix or the termination of a word.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A word formed in accordance with some rule or usage, as from a root.</def>

<h1>Form\'82</h1>
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<hw>For`m\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pat\'82</er> or <er>Patt\'82</er>.</def>

<h1>Forme</h1>
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<hw>For"me</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE., fr. AS. <ets>forma</ets>. See <er>Foremost</er>.]</ety> <def>First.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Adam our <i>forme</i> father."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Formed</h1>
<Xpage=587>

<hw>Formed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Arranged, as stars in a constellation; <as>as, <ex>formed</ex> stars</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having structure; capable of growth and development; organized; <as>as, the <ex>formed</ex> or organized ferments</as>. See <er>Ferment</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Formed material</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>a term employed by Beale to denote the lifeless matter of a cell, that which is physiologically dead, in distinction from the truly germinal or living matter.</cd></cs>

<h1>Formedon</h1>
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<hw>For"me*don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF., fr. Latin. So called because the plaintiff claimed "by the form of the gift,: L. <ets>per formam doni</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A writ of right for a tenant in tail in case of a discontinuance of the estate tail. This writ has been abolished.</def>

<h1>Formell</h1>
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<hw>For"mell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of F. <ets>forme</ets> the female of a bird of prey.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The female of a hawk or falcon.</def>

<h1>Former</h1>
<Xpage=587>

<hw>Form"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who forms; a maker; a creator.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A shape around which an article is to be shaped, molded, woven wrapped, pasted, or otherwise constructed.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A templet, pattern, or gauge by which an article is shaped.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A cutting die.</def>

<h1>Former</h1>
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<hw>For"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[A compar. due to OE. <ets>formest</ets>. See <er>Foremost</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Preceding in order of time; antecedent; previous; prior; earlier; hence, ancient; long past.</def>

<blockquote>For inquire, I pray thee, of the <b>former</b> age.
<i>Job. viii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The latter and <b>former</b> rain.
<i>Hosea vi. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Near the beginning; preceeding; <as>as, the <ex>former</ex> part of a discourse or argument</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Earlier, as between two things mentioned together; first mentioned.</def>

<blockquote>A bad author deserves better usage than a bad critic; a man may be the <b>former</b> merely through the misfortune of an ill judgment; but he can not be latter without both that and an ill temper.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Prior; previous; anterior; antecedent; preceding; foregoing.</syn>

<h1>Formeret</h1>
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<hw>For`me*ret"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One of the half ribs against the walls in a ceiling vaulted with ribs.</def>

<h1>Formerly</h1>
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<hw>For"mer*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In time past, either in time immediately preceding or at any indefinite distance; of old; heretofore.</def>

<h1>Formful</h1>
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<hw>Form"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Creative; imaginative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>formful</i> brain."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Formic</h1>
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<hw>For"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>formica</ets> an ant: cf. F. <ets>formique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, ants; <as>as, <ex>formic</ex> acid</as>; in an extended sense, pertaining to, or derived from, formic acid; <as>as, <ex>formic</ex> ether</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Amido formic acid</col>, <cd>carbamic acid.</cd> -- <col>Formic acid</col>, <cd>a colorless, mobile liquid, <chform>HCO.OH</chform>, of a sharp, acid taste, occurring naturally in ants, nettles, pine needles, etc., and produced artifically in many ways, as by the oxidation of methyl alcohol, by the reduction of carbonic acid or the destructive distillation of oxalic acid. It is the first member of the fatty acids in the paraffin series, and is homologous with acetic acid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Formica</h1>
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<hw>For*mi"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., an ant.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an genus of hymenopterous insects, including the common ants. See <er>Ant</er>.</def>

<h1>Formicaroid</h1>
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<hw>For`mi*ca"roid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Formicarius</ets>, the typical genus + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the family <spn>Formicarid\'91</spn> or ant thrushes.</def>

<h1>Formicary</h1>
<Xpage=587>

<hw>For"mi*ca*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>formicarium</ets>, fr. L. <ets>formica</ets> an ant.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The nest or dwelling of a swarm of ants; an ant-hill.</def>

<h1>Formicate</h1>
<Xpage=587>

<hw>For"mi*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>formica</ets> an ant.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling, or pertaining to, an ant or ants.</def>

<h1>Formication</h1>
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<hw>For`mi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>formicatio</ets>, fr. <ets>formicare</ets> to creep like an ant, to feel as if ants were crawling on one's self, fr. <ets>formica</ets> ant: cf. F. <ets>formication</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A sensation resembling that made by the creeping of ants on the skin.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Formicid</h1>
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<hw>For"mi*cid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the ants.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the family <spn>Formicid\'91</spn>, or ants.</def></def2>

<h1>Formidability</h1>
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<hw>For`mi*da*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Formidableness.</def>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Formidable</h1>
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<hw>For"mi*da*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>formidabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>formidare</ets> to fear, dread: cf. F. <ets>formidable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Exciting fear or apprehension; impressing dread; adapted to excite fear and deter from approach, encounter, or undertaking; alarming.</def>

<blockquote>They seemed to fear the <b>formodable</b> sight.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I swell my preface into a volume, and make it <b>formidable</b>, when you see so many pages behind.
<i>Drydn.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Dreadful; fearful; terrible; frightful; shocking; horrible; terrific; tremendous.</syn>

<h1>Formidableness</h1>
<Xpage=587>

<hw>For"mi*da*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being formidable, or adapted to excite dread.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Formidably</h1>
<Xpage=587>

<hw>For"mi*da*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a formidable manner.</def>

<h1>Formidolose</h1>
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<hw>For*mid"o*lose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>formidolosus</ets>, fr. <ets>formido</ets> fear.]</ety> <def>Very much afraid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Forming</h1>
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<hw>Form"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of giving form or shape to anything; as, in shipbuilding, the exact shaping of partially shaped timbers.</def>

<h1>Formless</h1>
<Xpage=587>

<hw>Form"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shapeless; without a determinate form; wanting regularity of shape.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Form"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Form"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Formula</h1>
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<hw>For"mu*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Formulas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Formul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>forma</ets> form, model. See<er>Form</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A prescribed or set form; an established rule; a fixed or conventional method in which anything is to be done, arranged, or said.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A written confession of faith; a formal statement of foctrines.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A rule or principle expressed in algebraic language; <as>as, the binominal <ex>formula</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A prescription or recipe for the preparation of a medicinal compound.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A symbolic expression (by means of letters, figures, etc.) of the constituents or constitution of a compound.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Chemical formul\'91</i> consist of the abbreviations of the names of the elements, with a small figure at the lower right hand, to denote the number of atoms of each element contained.</note>

<cs><col>Empirical formula</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an expression which gives the simple proportion of the constituents; <as>as, the <ex>empirical formula<ex> of acetic acid is <chform>C2H4O2</chform></as>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Graphic formula</col>, <col>Rational formula</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an expression of the constitution, and in a limited sense of the structure, of a compound, by the grouping of its atoms or radicals; <as>as, a <ex>rational formula<ex> of acetic acid is <chform>CH3.(C:O).OH</chform></as>; -- called also <altname>structural formula</altname>, <altname>constitutional formula</altname>, etc. See also the formula of <cref>Benzene nucleus</cref>, under <er>Benzene</er>.</cd> -- <col>Molecular formula</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a formula indicating the supposed molecular constitution of a compound.</cd></cs>

<h1>Formularistic</h1>
<Xpage=587>

<hw>For`mu*la*ris"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or exhibiting, formularization.</def>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Formularization</h1>
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<hw>For`mu*lar*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of formularizing; a formularized or formulated statement or exhibition.</def>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Formularize</h1>
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<hw>For"mu*lar*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reduce to a forula; to formulate.</def>

<h1>Formulary</h1>
<Xpage=587>

<hw>For"mu*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>formulaire</ets>. See <er>Formula</er>.]</ety> <def>Stated; prescribed; ritual.</def>

<h1>Formulary</h1>
<Xpage=587>

<hw>For"mu*la*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Formularies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>formulaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A book containing stated and prescribed forms, as of oaths, declarations, prayers, medical formula\'91, etc.; a book of precedents.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Prescribed form or model; formula.</def>

<h1>Formulate</h1>
<Xpage=587>

<hw>For"mu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Formulated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Formulating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To reduce to, or express in, a formula; to put in a clear and definite form of statement or expression.</def>

<i>G. P. Marsh.</i>

<h1>Formulation</h1>
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<hw>For`mu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act, process, or result of formulating or reducing to a formula.</def>

<h1>Formule</h1>
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<hw>For"mule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A set or prescribed model; a formula.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Formulization</h1>
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<hw>For`mu*li*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of reducing to a formula; the state of being formulized.</def>

<h1>Formulize</h1>
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<hw>For"mu*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Formulized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Formulizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To reduce to a formula; to formulate.</def>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Formyl</h1>
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<hw>For"myl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Form</ets>ic + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A univalent radical, <chform>H.C:O</chform>, regarded as the essential residue of <i>formic</i> acid and aldehyde.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Formerly, the radical methyl, <chform>CH3</chform>.</def>

<h1>Forncast</h1>
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<hw>Forn*cast"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>foren + cast</ets>. See <er>Forecast</er>.]</ety> <def>Predestined.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fornical</h1>
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<hw>For"ni*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to a fornix.</def>

<h1>Fornicate, Fornicated</h1>
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<hw><hw>For"ni*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>For"ni*ca`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fornicatus</ets>, fr. <ets>fornix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, an arch, vault.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Vaulted like an oven or furnace; arched.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Arching over; overarched.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<hr>
<page="588">
Page 588<p>

<h1>Fornicate</h1>
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<hw>For"ni*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fornicatus</ets>, <ets>p. p. of fornicari</ets> to fornicate, fr. <ets>fornix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, a vault, a brothel in an underground vault.]</ety> <def>To commit fornication; to have unlawful sexual intercourse.</def>

<h1>Fornication</h1>
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<hw>For`ni*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fornication</ets>, L. <ets>fornicatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Unlawful sexual intercourse on the part of an unmarried person; the act of such illicit sexual intercourse between a man and a woman as does not by law amount to adultery.</def>

<note>&hand; In England, the offense, though cognizable in the ecclesiastical courts, was not at common law subject to secular prosecution. In the United States it is indictable in some States at common law, in others only by statute.</note>

<i>Whartyon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Adultery.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Incest.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Idolatry.</def>

<h1>Fornicator</h1>
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<hw>For"ni*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fornicateur</ets>, OF. <ets>fornicator</ets>, from L. <ets>fornicator</ets>.]</ety> <def>An unmarried person, male or female, who has criminal intercourse with the other sex; one guilty of fornication.</def>

<h1>Fornicatress</h1>
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<hw>For"ni*ca`tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fornicatrice</ets>, L. <ets>fornicatrix</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woman guilty of fornication.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fornix</h1>
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<hw>For"nix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fornices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., an arch.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An arch or fold; <as>as, the <ex>fornix</ex>, or vault, of the cranium; the <ex>fornix</ex>, or reflection, of the conjuctiva.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Esp., two longitudinal bands of white nervous tissue beneath the lateral ventricles of the brain.</def>

<h1>Forold</h1>
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<hw>For*old"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Very old.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A bear's skin, coal-black, <b>forold</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forpass</h1>
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<hw>For*pass"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To pass by or along; to pass over.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Forpine</h1>
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<hw>For*pine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To waste away completely by suffering or torment.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "Pale as a <i>forpined</i> ghost."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Forray</h1>
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<hw>For"ray</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>forrayen</ets>. See <er>Foray</er>.]</ety> <def>To foray; to ravage; to pillage.</def>

<blockquote>For they that morn had <b>forrayed</b> all the land.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forray</h1>
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<hw>For"ray</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of ravaging; a ravaging; a predatory excursion. See <er>Foray</er>.</def>

<h1>Forrill</h1>
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<hw>For"rill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Forel</er>.]</ety> <def>Lambskin parchment; vellum; forel.</def>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<h1>Forsake</h1>
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<hw>For*sake"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Forsook</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Forsaken</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Forsaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>forsacan</ets> to oppose, refuse; <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>sacan</ets> to contend, strive; akin to Goth. <ets>sakan</ets>. See <er>For-</er>, and <er>Sake</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To quit or leave entirely; to desert; to abandon; to depart or withdraw from; to leave; <as>as, false friends and flatterers <ex>forsake</ex> us in adversity</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If his children <b>forsake</b> my law, and walk not in my judgments.
<i>Ps. lxxxix. 30.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To renounce; to reject; to refuse.</def>

<blockquote>If you <b>forsake</b> the offer of their love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To abandon; quit; desert; fail; relinquish; give up; renounce; reject. See <er>Abandon</er>.</syn>

<h1>Forsaker</h1>
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<hw>For*sak"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who forsakes or deserts.</def>

<h1>Forsay</h1>
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<hw>For*say"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>forsecgan</ets> to accuse; pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>secgan</ets> to say.]</ety> <def>To forbid; to renounce; to forsake; to deny.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Forshape</h1>
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<hw>For*shape"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>shape</ets>, v.t.]</ety> <def>To render misshapen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Forslack</h1>
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<hw>For*slack"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>slack</ets> to neglect.]</ety> <def>To neglect by idleness; to delay or to waste by sloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Forslouthe</h1>
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<hw>For*slouth"e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>For-</er>, and <er>Slouth</er>.]</ety> <def>To lose by sloth or negligence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Forslow</h1>
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<hw>For*slow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>slow</ets>.]</ety> <def>To delay; to hinder; to neglect; to put off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Forslow</h1>
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<hw>For*slow"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To loiter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Forslugge</h1>
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<hw>For*slug"ge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Slug</er> to be idle.]</ety> <def>To lsoe by idleness or slotch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Forsooth</h1>
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<hw>For*sooth"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fors\'d3\'eb</ets>; <ets>for</ets>, prep. + <ets>s\'d3\'eb</ets> sooth, truth. See <er>For</er>, <ets>prep</ets>., and <er>Sooth</er>.]</ety> <def>In truth; in fact; certainly; very well; -- formerly used as an expression of deference or respect, especially to woman; now used ironically or contemptuously.</def>

<blockquote>A fit man, <b>forsooth</b>, to govern a realm!
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our old English word <b>forsooth</b> has been changed for the French <b>madam</b>.
<i>Guardian.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forsooth</h1>
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<hw>For*sooth"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To address respectfully with the term <i>forsooth</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The captain of the "Charles" had <b>forsoothed</b> her, though he knew her well enough and she him.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forsooth</h1>
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<hw>For*sooth"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who used <i>forsooth</i> much; a very ceremonious and deferential person.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>You sip so like a <b>forsooth</b> of the city.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forspeak</h1>
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<hw>For*speak"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>speak</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To forbid; to prohibit.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bewitch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Forspent</h1>
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<hw>For*spent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>forspendan</ets> to consume; pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>spendan</ets> to spend.]</ety> <def>Wasted in strength; tired; exhausted.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>A gentleman almost <b>forspent</b> with speed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forstall</h1>
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<hw>For*stall"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To forestall.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Forster</h1>
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<hw>Fors"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A forester.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Forstraught</h1>
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<hw>For*straught"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>straught</ets>; cf. <ets>distraught</ets>.]</ety> <def>Distracted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Forswat</h1>
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<hw>For*swat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Sweat</er>.]</ety> <def>Spent with heat; covered with sweat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Forswear</h1>
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<hw>For*swear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Forswore</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Forsworn</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Forswearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>forsweren</ets>, <ets>forswerien</ets>, AS. <ets>forswerian</ets>; pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>swerian</ets> to swear. See <er>For-</er>, and <er>Swear</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reject or renounce upon oath; hence, to renounce earnestly, determinedly, or with protestations.</def>

<blockquote>I . . . do <b>forswear</b> her.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deny upon oath.</def>

<blockquote>Like innocence, and as serenely bold
As truth, how loudly he <b>forswears</b> thy gold!
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To forswear one's self</col>, <cd>to swear falsely; to pe<?/ure one's self. "Thou shalt not <i>forswear thyself<i>."</cd></cs>

<i><?/tt. v. 33.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Perjure</er>.</syn>

<h1>Forswear</h1>
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<hw>For*swear"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To swear falsely; to commit perjury.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Forswearer</h1>
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<hw>For*swear"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rejects of renounces upon oath; one who swears a false oath.</def>

<h1>Forswonk</h1>
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<hw>For*swonk"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>swonk</ets>, p.p. of <ets>swink</ets>to labor. See <er>Swink</er>.]</ety> <def>Overlabored; exhausted; worn out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Forswore</h1>
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<hw>For*swore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Forswear</er>.</def>

<h1>Forsworn</h1>
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<hw>For*sworn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Forswear</er>.</def>

<h1>Forswornness</h1>
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<hw>For*sworn"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being forsworn.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Forsythia</h1>
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<hw>For*syth"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. Named after William <ets>Forsyth</ets>, who brought in from China.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shrub of the Olive family, with yellow blossoms.</def>

<h1>Fort</h1>
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<hw>Fort</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from <ets>fort</ets> strong, L. <ets>fortis</ets>; perh. akin to Skr. <ets>darh</ets> to fix, make firm, and to E. <ets>firm</ets> Cf. <er>Forte</er>, <er>Force</er>, <er>Fortalice</er>, <er>Comfort</er>, <er>Effort</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A strong or fortified place; usually, a small fortified place, occupied only by troops, surrounded with a ditch, rampart, and parapet, or with palisades, stockades, or other means of defense; a fortification.</def>

<blockquote>Detached works, depending solely on their own strength, belong to the class of works termed <b>forts</b>.
<i>Farrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fortalice</h1>
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<hw>Fort"a*lice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>fortalitia</ets>, or OF. <ets>fortelesce</ets>. See <er>Fortress</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A small outwork of a fortification; a fortilage; -- called also <altname>fortelace</altname>.</def>

<h1>Forte</h1>
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<hw>Forte</hw> <tt>(f&omac;rt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[IT. <ets>forte</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fort</ets>. See <er>Fort</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The strong point; that in which one excels.</def>
<-- sense 2 is often pronounced <tt>f&omac;rt"&amac;</tt> -->

<blockquote>The construction of a fable seems by no means the <b>forte</b> of our modern poetical writers.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The stronger part of the blade of a sword; the part of half nearest the hilt; -- opposed to <i>foible</i>.</def>

<h1>Forte</h1>
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<hw>For"te</hw> <tt>(f&ocir;r"t&asl; &or; f&omac;r"t&asl;)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>forte</ets>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt>, fr. L. <ets>fortis</ets> strong.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Loudly; strongly; powerfully.</def>

<h1>Forted</h1>
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<hw>Fort"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with, or guarded by, forts; strengthened or defended, as by forts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Forth</h1>
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<hw>Forth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt><ety>[AS. <ets>for&edh;</ets>, fr. <ets>for</ets> akin to D. <ets>voort</ets>, G. <ets>fort</ets> &root;78. See <er>Fore</er>, <er>For</er>, and cf. <er>Afford</er>, <er>Further</er>, <ets>adv</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Forward; onward in time, place, or order; in advance from a given point; on to end; <as>as, from that day <ex>forth</ex>; one, two, three, and so <ex>forth</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Lucas was Paul's companion, at the leastway from the sixteenth of the Acts <b>forth</b>.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>From this time <b>forth</b>, <b>I never will speak word</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I repeated the Ave Maria; the inquisitor bad me say <b>forth</b>; I said I was taught no more.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Out, as from a state of concealment, retirement, confinement, nondevelopment, or the like; out into notice or view; <as>as, the plants in spring put <ex>forth</ex> leaves</as>.</def>

<blockquote>When winter past, and summer scarce begun,
Invites them <b>forth</b> to labor in the sun.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Beyond a (certain) boundary; away; abroad; out.</def>

<blockquote>I have no mind of feasting <b>forth</b> to-night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Throughly; from beginning to end.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>And so forth</col>, <col>Back and forth</col>, <col>From forth</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>And</er>, <er>Back</er>, and <er>From</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Forth of</col>, <col>Forth from</col></mcol>, <cd>out of <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <i>Shak.</i> -- <col>To bring forth</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bring</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Forth</h1>
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<hw>Forth</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Forth from; out of.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Some <b>forth</b> their cabins peep.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forth</h1>
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<hw>Forth</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE., a ford. <?/ 78. See <er>Frith</er>.]</ety> <def>A way; a passage or ford.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Todd.</i>

<h1>Forthby</h1>
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<hw>Forth`by"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Forby</er>.</def>

<h1>Forthcoming</h1>
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<hw>Forth"com`ing</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ready or about to appear; making appearance.</def>

<h1>Forthgoing</h1>
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<hw>Forth"go`ing</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A going forth; an utterance.</def>

<i>A. Chalmers.</i>

<h1>Forthgoing</h1>
<Xpage=588>

<hw>Forth"go`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Going forth.</def>

<h1>Forthink</h1>
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<hw>For*think"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To repent; to regret; to be sorry for; to cause regret.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Let it <i>forthink</i> you."

<i>Tyndale.</i>

<blockquote>That me <b>forthinketh</b>, quod this January.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forthputing</h1>
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<hw>Forth"put`ing</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bold; forward; aggressive.</def>

<h1>Forthright</h1>
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<hw>Forth"right`</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Forth</ets>, <tt>adv.</tt> + <ets>right</ets>, <tt>adv.</tt>]</ety> <def>Straight forward; in a straight direction.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Forthright</h1>
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<hw>Forth"right`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Direct; straightforward; <as>as, a <ex>forthright</ex> man</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<blockquote>They were Night and Day, and Day and Night,
Piligrims wight with steps <b>forthright</b>.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forthright</h1>
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<hw>Forth"right`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A straight path.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Here's a maze trod, indeed,
Through <b>forthrights</b> and meanders!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forthrightness</h1>
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<hw>Forth"right`ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Straightforwardness; explicitness; directness.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Dante's concise <b>forthrightness</b> of phrase.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forthward</h1>
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<hw>Forth"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Forth</ets>, adv. + <ets>-ward</ets>.]</ety> <def>Forward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Fisher.</i>

<h1>Forthwith</h1>
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<hw>Forth`with"</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; see <er>With</er>)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Immediately; without delay; directly.</def>

<blockquote>Immediately there fell from his eyes as it had been scales; and he received sight <b>forthwith</b>.
<i>Acts ix. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>As soon as the thing required may be done by reasonable exertion confined to that object.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Forthy</h1>
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<hw>For*thy"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>for&edh;&ymac;</ets>; <ets>for</ets>, prep. + <ets>&edh;&ymac;</ets>, instrumental neut. of <ets>se</ets>, <ets>se\'a2</ets>, <ets>&edh;\'91t</ets>, pron. demonstrative and article. See <er>The</er>.]</ety> <def>Therefore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Forties</h1>
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<hw>For"ties</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Forty</er>.</def>

<h1>Fortieth</h1>
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<hw>For"ti*eth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fe\'a2wertigo<?/a</ets>. See <er>Forty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Following the thirty-ninth, or preceded by thirty-nine units, things, or parts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Constituting one of forty equal parts into which anything is divided.</def>

<h1>Fortieth</h1>
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<hw>For"ti*eth</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of forty equal parts into which one whole is divided; the quotient of a unit divided by forty; one next in order after the thirty-ninth.</def>

<h1>Fortifiable</h1>
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<hw>For"ti*fi`a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>fortifiable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being fortified.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Fortification</h1>
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<hw>For`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fortificatio</ets> : cf. F. <ets>fortification</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of fortifying; the art or science of fortifying places in order to defend them against an enemy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which fortifies; especially, a work or works erected to defend a place against attack; a fortified place; a fortress; a fort; a castle.</def>

<cs><col>Fortification agate</col>, <cd>Scotch pebble.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Fortress; citadel; bulwark. See <er>Fortress</er>.</syn>

<h1>Fortifier</h1>
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<hw>For"ti*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, fortifies, strengthens, supports, or upholds.</def>

<h1>Fortify</h1>
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<hw>For"ti*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fortified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fortifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>fortifier</ets>, L. <ets>fortificare</ets>; <ets>fortis</ets> strong + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>Fort</er>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To add strength to; to strengthen; to confirm; to furnish with power to resist attack.</def>

<blockquote>Timidity was <b>fortified</b> by pride.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Pride came to the aid of fancy, and both combined to <b>fortify</b> his resolution.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strengthen and secure by forts or batteries, or by surrounding with a wall or ditch or other military works; to render defensible against an attack by hostile forces.</def>

<h1>Fortify</h1>
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<hw>For"ti*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To raise defensive works.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Fortilage</h1>
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<hw>For"ti*lage</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Fortalice</er>.]</ety> <def>A little fort; a blockhouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Fortin</h1>
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<hw>Fort"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Fort</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A little fort; a fortlet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fortissimo</h1>
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<hw>For*tis"si*mo</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[It., superl. of <ets>forte</ets>, adv. See <er>Forte</er>, <ets>adv</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Very loud; with the utmost strength or loudness.</def>

<h1>Fortition</h1>
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<hw>For*ti"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fortuitous</er>.]</ety> <def>Casual choice; fortuitous selection; hazard.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>No mode of election operating in the spirit of <b>fortition</b> or rotation can be generally good.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fortitude</h1>
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<hw>For"ti*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fortitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>fortis</ets> strong. See <er>Fort</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Power to resist attack; strength; firmness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>fortitude</b> of the place is best known to you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That strength or firmness of mind which enables a person to encounter danger with coolness and courage, or to bear pain or adversity without murmuring, depression, or despondency; passive courage; resolute endurance; firmness in confronting or bearing up against danger or enduring trouble.</def>

<blockquote>Extolling patience as the truest <b>fortitude</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Fortitude</b> is the guard and support of the other virtues.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Courage; resolution; resoluteness; endurance; bravery. See <er>Courage</er>, and <er>Heroism</er>.</syn>

<h1>Fortitudinous</h1>
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<hw>For`ti*tu"di*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having fortitude; courageous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gibbon.</i>

<h1>Fortlet</h1>
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<hw>Fort"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little fort.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Fortnight</h1>
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<hw>Fort"night`</hw> <tt>(?; <it>in</it> U.S. <it>often</it> ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>fourteen nights</ets>, our ancestors reckoning time by nights and winters; so, also, <ets>seven nights</ets>, <ets>sennight</ets>, a week.]</ety> <def>The space of fourteen days; two weeks.</def>

<h1>Fortnightly</h1>
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<hw>Fort"night`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Occurring or appearing once in a fortnight; <as>as, a <ex>fortnightly</ex> meeting of a club; a <ex>fortnightly</ex> magazine, or other publication.</as></def> -- <def2><tt>adv.</tt> <def>Once in a fortnight; at intervals of a fortnight.</def></def2>

<h1>Fortread</h1>
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<hw>For*tread"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tread down; to trample upon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In hell shall they be all <b>fortroden</b> of devils.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fortress</h1>
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<hw>For"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fortresses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>forteresse</ets>, OF. <ets>forteresce</ets>, <ets>fortelesce</ets>, LL. <ets>foralitia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fortis</ets> strong. See <er>Fort</er>, and cf. <er>Fortalice</er>.]</ety> <def>A fortified place; a large and permanent fortification, sometimes including a town; a fort; a castle; a stronghold; a place of defense or security.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Fortress</er>, <er>Fortification</er>, <er>Castle</er>, <er>Citadel</er>.</syn> <usage> A <i>fortress</i> is constructed for military purposes only, and is permanently garrisoned; a <i>fortification</i> is built to defend harbors, cities, etc.; a <i>castle</i> is a fortress of early times which was ordinarily a palatial dwelling; a <i>citadel</i> is the stronghold of a fortress or city, etc.</usage>

<h1>Fortress</h1>
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<hw>For"tress</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with a fortress or with fortresses; to guard; to fortify.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fortuitous</h1>
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<hw>For*tu"i*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fortuitus</ets>; akin to <ets>forte</ets>, adv., by chance, prop. abl. of <ets>fors</ets>, <ets>fortis</ets>, chance. See <er>Fortune</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Happening by chance; coming or occuring unexpectedly, or without any known cause; chance; <as>as, the <ex>fortuitous</ex> concourse of atoms</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It was from causes seemingly <b>fortuitous</b> . . . that all the mighty effects of the Reformation flowed.
<i>Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So as to throw a glancing and <b>fortuitous</b> light upon the whole.
<i>Hazlitt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(LAw)</fld> <def>Happening independently of human will or means of foresight; resulting from unavoidable physical causes.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Accidental; casual; contingent; incidental. See <er>Accidental</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>For*tu"i*tous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>For*tu"i*tous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fortuity</h1>
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<hw>For*tu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fortuit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Accident; chance; casualty.</def>

<i>D. Forbes (1750).</i>

<h1>Fortunate</h1>
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<hw>For"tu*nate</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fortunatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>fortunare</ets> to make fortunate or prosperous, fr. <ets>fortuna</ets>. See <er>Fortune</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Coming by good luck or favorable chance; bringing some good thing not foreseen as certain; presaging happiness; auspicious; <as>as, a <ex>fortunate</ex> event; a <ex>fortunate</ex> concurrence of circumstances; a <ex>fortunate</ex> investment.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Receiving same unforeseen or unexpected good, or some good which was not dependent on one's own skill or efforts; favored with good forune; lucky.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Auspicious; lucky; prosperous; successful; favored; happy.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Fortunate</er>, <er>Successful</er>, <er>Prosperous</er>. A man is <i>fortunate</i>, when he is favored of fortune, and has unusual blessings fall to his lot; <i>successful</i> when he gains what he aims at; <i>prosperous</i> when he succeeds in those things which men commonly desire. One may be <i>fortunate</i>, in some cases, where he is not <i>successful</i>; he may be <i>successful</i>, but, if he has been mistaken in the value of what he has aimed at, he may for that reason fail to be <i>prosperous</i>.</usage>

<h1>Fortunately</h1>
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<hw>For"tu*nate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fortunate manner; luckily; successfully; happily.</def>

<h1>Fortunateness</h1>
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<hw>For"tu*nate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or quality of being fortunate; good luck; success; happiness.</def>

<hr>
<page="589">
Page 589<p>

<h1>Fortune</h1>
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<hw>For"tune</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fortune</ets>, L. <ets>fortuna</ets>; akin to <ets>fors</ets>, <ets>fortis</ets>, chance, prob. fr. <ets>ferre</ets> to bear, bring. See <er>Bear</er> to support, and cf. <er>Fortuitous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The arrival of something in a sudden or unexpected manner; chance; accident; luck; hap; also, the personified or deified power regarded as determining human success, apportioning happiness and unhappiness, and distributing arbitrarily or fortuitously the lots of life.</def>

<blockquote>'T is more by <b>fortune</b>, lady, than by merit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O <b>Fortune</b>, <b>Fortune</b>, all men call thee fickle.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which befalls or is to befall one; lot in life, or event in any particular undertaking; fate; destiny; <as>as, to tell one's <ex>fortune</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>You, who men's <b>fortunes</b> in their faces read.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which comes as the result of an undertaking or of a course of action; good or ill success; especially, favorable issue; happy event; success; prosperity as reached partly by chance and partly by effort.</def>

<blockquote>Our equal crimes shall equal <b>fortune</b> give.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is a tide in the affairs of men,
Which, taken at the flood, leads on to <b>fortune</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His father dying, he was driven to seek his <b>fortune</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Wealth; large possessions; large estate; riches; <as>as, a gentleman of <ex>fortune</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Chance; accident; luck; fate.</syn>

<cs><col>Fortune book</col>, <cd>a book supposed to reveal future events to those who consult it.</cd></cs>

<i>Crashaw.</i>

<cs><col>- Fortune hunter</col>, <cd>one who seeks to acquire wealth by marriage.</cd> -- <col>Fortune teller</col>, <cd>one who professes to tell future events in the life of another.</cd> -- <col>Fortune telling</col>, <cd>the practice or art of professing to reveal future events in the life of another.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fortune</h1>
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<hw>For"tune</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>fortuner</ets>, L. <ets>fortunare</ets>. See <er>Fortune</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make fortunate; to give either good or bad fortune to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To provide with a fortune.</def>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To presage; to tell the fortune of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Fortune</h1>
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<hw>For"tune</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fall out; to happen.</def>

<blockquote>It <b>fortuned</b> the same night that a Christian, serving a Turk in the camp, secretely gave the watchmen warning.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fortuneless</h1>
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<hw>For"tune*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Luckless; also, destitute of a fortune or portion.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Fortunize</h1>
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<hw>For"tun*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To regulate the fortune of; to make happy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Forty</h1>
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<hw>For"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>forti</ets>, <ets>fourti</ets>, <ets>fowerty</ets>, AS. <ets>fe\'a2wertig</ets>; <ets>fe\'a2wer</ets> four + suff. <ets>-tig</ets> ten; akin to OS. <ets>fiwartig</ets>, <ets>fiartig</ets>, D. <ets>veertig</ets>, G. <ets>vierzig</ets>, Icel. <ets>fj\'94rut\'c6u</ets>, Sw. <ets>fyratio</ets>, Dan. <ets>fyrretyve</ets>, Goth. <ets>fidw<?/r tigjus</ets>. See <er>Four</er>, and <er>Ten</er>, and cf. <er>Fourteen</er>.]</ety> <def>Four times ten; thirtynine and one more.</def>

<h1>Forty</h1>
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<hw>For"ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Forties</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The sum of four tens; forty units or objects.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A symbol expressing forty units; as, 40, or xl.</def>

<h1>Forty-spot</h1>
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<hw>For"ty-spot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Tasmanian forty-spotted diamond bird (<spn>Pardalotus quadragintus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Forum</h1>
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<hw>Fo"rum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Forums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Fora</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.; akin to <ets>foris</ets>, <ets>foras</ets>, out of doors. See <er>Foreign</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A market place or public place in Rome, where causes were judicially tried, and orations delivered to the people.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tribunal; a court; an assembly empowered to hear and decide causes.</def>

<blockquote>He [Lord Camden] was . . . more eminent in the senate than in the <b>forum</b>.
<i>Brougham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forwaked</h1>
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<hw>For*waked"</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Tired out with excessive waking or watching.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Forwander</h1>
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<hw>For*wan"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To wander away; to go astray; to wander far and to weariness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><-- sic. ? -->

<h1>Forward</h1>
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<hw>For"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE., fr. AS. <ets>foreweard</ets>; <ets>fore</ets> before + <ets>weard</ets> a ward. See <er>Ward</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>An agreement; a covenant; a promise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Tell us a tale anon, as <b>forward</b> is.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forward, Forwards</h1>
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<hw><hw>For"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>For"wards</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>forweard</ets>, <ets>foreweard</ets>; <ets>for</ets>, <ets>fore</ets> + <ets>-weardes</ets>; akin to G. <ets>vorw\'84rts</ets>. The <ets>s</ets> is properly a genitive ending. See <er>For</er>, <er>Fore</er>, and <er>-ward</er>, <er>-wards</er>.]</ety> <def>Toward a part or place before or in front; onward; in advance; progressively; -- opposed to <i>backward</i>.</def>

<h1>Forward</h1>
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<hw>For"ward</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Near, or at the fore part; in advance of something else; <as>as, the <ex>forward</ex> gun in a ship, or the <ex>forward</ex> ship in a fleet</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ready; prompt; strongly inclined; in an ill sense, overready; to hasty.</def>

<blockquote>Only they would that we should remember the poor; the same which I also was <b>forward</b> to do.
<i>Gal. ii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor do we find him <b>forward</b> to be sounded.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Ardent; eager; earnest; in an ill sense, less reserved or modest than is proper; bold; confident; <as>as, the boy is too <ex>forward</ex> for his years</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I have known men disagreeably <b>forward</b> from their shyness.
<i>T. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Advanced beyond the usual degree; advanced for season; <as>as, the grass is <ex>forward</ex>, or <ex>forward</ex> for the season; we have a <ex>forward</ex> spring.</as></def>
<-- the latter sense is now <er>early.</er> -->

<blockquote>The most <b>forward</b> bud
Is eaten by the canker ere it blow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forward</h1>
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<hw>For"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Forwarded</er>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Forwarding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To help onward; to advance; to promote; to accelerate; to quicken; to hasten; <as>as, to <ex>forward</ex> the growth of a plant; to <ex>forward</ex> one in improvement.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To send forward; to send toward the place of destination; to transmit; <as>as, to <ex>forward</ex> a letter</as>.</def>

<h1>Forwarder</h1>
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<hw>For"ward*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who forwards or promotes; a promoter.</def>

<i>Udall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who sends forward anything; <fld>(Com.)</fld> one who transmits goods; a forwarding merchant.</def>
<-- e.g. freight forwarder -->

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld> <def>One employed in forwarding.</def>

<h1>Forwarding</h1>
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<hw>For"ward*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who forwards; the act or occupation of transmitting merchandise or other property for others.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld> <def>The process of putting a book into its cover, and making it ready for the finisher.</def>

<h1>Forwardly</h1>
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<hw>For"ward*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Eagerly; hastily; obtrusively.</def>

<h1>Forwardness</h1>
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<hw>For"ward*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being forward; cheerful readiness; promtness; <as>as, the <ex>forwardness</ex> of Christians in propagating the gospel</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An advanced stage of progress or of preparation; advancement; <as>as, his measures were in great <ex>forwardness</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Robertson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Eagerness; ardor; <as>as, it is difficult to restrain the <ex>forwardness</ex> of youth</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Boldness; confidence; assurance; want of due reserve or modesty.</def>

<blockquote>In France it is usual to bring children into company, and cherish in them, from their infancy, a kind of <b>forwardness</b> and assurance.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A state of advance beyond the usual degree; prematureness; precocity; <as>as, the <ex>forwardness</ex>of spring or of corn; the <ex>forwardness</ex> of a pupil.</as></def>

<blockquote>He had such a dexterous proclivity, as his teachers were fain to restrain his <b>forwardness</b>.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Promptness; promptitude; eagerness; ardor; zeal; assurance; confidence; boldness; impudence; presumption.</syn>

<h1>Forwards</h1>
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<hw>For"wards</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Forward</er>.</def>

<h1>Forwaste</h1>
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<hw>For*waste"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>waste</ets>.]</ety> <def>To desolate or lay waste utterly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Forwweary</h1>
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<hw>For*wwea"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To weary extremely; to dispirit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Forweep</h1>
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<hw>For*weep"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To weep much.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Forwete</h1>
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<hw>For*wete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Forewite</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Forwhy</h1>
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<hw>For*why"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[<ets>For</ets> + <ets>why</ets>, AS. <ets>hw<?/</ets>, instrumental case of <ets>hw\'be</ets> who.]</ety> <def>Wherefore; because.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Forworn</h1>
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<hw>For*worn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Much worn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A silly man, in simple weeds <b>forworn</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Forwot</h1>
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<hw>For*wot"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>pres. indic. 1st & 3d pers. sing.</tt> of <er>Forwete</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Forwrap</h1>
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<hw>For*wrap"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To wrap up; to conceal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All mote be said and nought excused, nor hid, nor <b>forwrapped</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foryelde</h1>
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<hw>For*yelde"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>forgieldan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To repay; to requite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Foryete</h1>
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<hw>For*yete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To forget.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Foryetten</h1>
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<hw>For*yet"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Foryete</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Forzando</h1>
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<hw>For*zan"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[It., prop. p.p. of <ets>forzare</ets> to force.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sforzato</er>.</def>

<h1>Fossa</h1>
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<hw>Fos"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Foss\'92</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a ditch. See <er>Fosse</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A pit, groove, cavity, or depression, of greater or less depth; <as>as, the temporal <ex>fossa</ex> on the side of the skull; the nasal <ex>foss\'91</ex> containing the nostrils in most birds.</as></def>

<h1>Fossane</h1>
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<hw>Fos"sane`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fossane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of civet (<spn>Viverra fossa</spn>) resembling the genet.</def>

<h1>Fosse</h1>
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<hw>Fosse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>fossa</ets>, fr. <ets>fodere</ets>, <ets>fossum</ets>, to dig.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A ditch or moat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Fossa</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Fosse road</col>. <cd>See <er>Fosseway</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fosset</h1>
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<hw>Fos"set</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A faucet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fossette</h1>
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<hw>Fos`sette"</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>fosse</ets> a fosse.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little hollow; hence, a dimple.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A small, deep-centered ulcer of the transparent cornea.</def>

<h1>Fosseway</h1>
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<hw>Fosse"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the great military roads constructed by the Romans in England and other parts of Europe; -- so called from the <i>fosse</i> or ditch on each side for keeping it dry.</def>

<h1>Fossil</h1>
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<hw>Fos"sil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fossilis</ets>, fr. <ets>fodere</ets> to dig: cf. F. <ets>fossile</ets>. See <er>Fosse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dug out of the eart; <as>as, <ex>fossil</ex> coal; <ex>fossil</ex> salt.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to fossils; contained in rocks. whether petrified or not; <as>as, <ex>fossil</ex> plants, shells</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Fossil copal</col>, <cd>a resinous substance, first found in the blue clay at Highgate, near London, and apparently a vegetable resin, partly changed by remaining in the earth.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fossil cork</col>, <col>flax</col>, <col>paper</col>, &or; <col>wood</col></mcol>, <cd>varieties of amianthus.</cd> -- <col>Fossil farina</col>, <cd>a soft carbonate of lime.</cd> -- <col>Fossil ore</col>, <cd>fossiliferous red hematite.</cd></cs>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Fossil</h1>
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<hw>Fos"sil</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A substance dug from the earth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; Formerly all minerals were called <i>fossils</i>, but the word is now restricted to express the remains of animals and plants found buried in the earth.</note>

<i>Ure.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>The remains of an animal or plant found in stratified rocks. Most fossils belong to extinct species, but many of the later ones belong to species still living.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person whose views and opinions are extremely antiquated; one whose sympathies are with a former time rather than with the present.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Fossiliferous</h1>
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<hw>Fos`sil*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fossil</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Containing or composed of fossils.</def>

<h1>Fossilification</h1>
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<hw>Fos*sil`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fossil</ets> + L. <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>The process of becoming fossil.</def>

<h1>Fossilism</h1>
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<hw>Fos"sil*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science or state of fossils.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being extremely antiquated in views and opinions.</def>

<h1>Fossilist</h1>
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<hw>Fos"sil*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is versed in the science of fossils; a paleontologist.</def>

<i>Joseph Black.</i>

<h1>Fossilization</h1>
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<hw>Fos`sil*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fossilisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The process of converting, or of being converted, into a fossil.</def>

<h1>Fossilize</h1>
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<hw>Fos"sil*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fossilized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fossilizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fossiliser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To convert into a fossil; to petrify; <as>as, to <ex>fossilize</ex> bones or wood</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to become antiquated, rigid, or fixed, as by fossilization; to mummify; to deaden.</def>

<blockquote>Ten layers of birthdays on a woman's head
Are apt to <b>fossilize</b> her girlish mirth.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fossilize</h1>
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<hw>Fos"sil*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become fossil.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To become antiquated, rigid, or fixed, beyond the influence of change or progress.</def>

<h1>Fossilized</h1>
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<hw>Fos"sil*ized</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Converted into a fossil; antiquated; firmly fixed in views or opinions.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>fossilized</b> sample of confused provincialism.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fossores</h1>
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<hw>Fos*so"res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>fossor<?/</ets> digger, fr. <ets>fodere</ets> to dig.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of hymenopterous insects including the sand wasps. They excavate cells in earth, where they deposit their eggs, with the bodies of other insects for the food of the young when hatched.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Fossoria</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Fossoria</h1>
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<hw>Fos*so"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Fossores</er>.</def>

<h1>Fossorial</h1>
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<hw>Fos*so"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fossor</ets> a digger.]</ety> <def>Fitted for digging, adapted for burrowing or digging; <as>as, a <ex>fossorial</ex> foot; a <ex>fossorial</ex> animal.</as></def>

<h1>Fossorious</h1>
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<hw>Fos*so"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Adapted for digging; -- said of the legs of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Fossulate</h1>
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<hw>Fos"su*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fossula</ets> little ditch, dim. of <ets>fossa</ets>. See <er>Fosse</er>.]</ety> <def>Having, or surrounded by, long, narrow depressions or furrows.</def>

<h1>Foster</h1>
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<hw>Fos"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fostered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fostering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fostren</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>f\'d3ster</ets>, <ets>f\'d3stor</ets>, food, nourishment, fr. <ets>f\'d3da</ets> food. \'fb75. See <er>Food</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To feed; to nourish; to support; to bring up.</def>

<blockquote>Some say that ravens <b>foster</b> forlorn children.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cherish; to promote the growth of; to encourage; to sustain and promote; <as>as, to <ex>foster</ex> genius</as>.</def>

<h1>Foster</h1>
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<hw>Fos"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be nourished or trained up together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Foster</h1>
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<hw>Fos"ter</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>f\'d3ster</ets>, <ets>f\'d3stor</ets>, nourishment. See <er>Foster</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Relating to nourishment; affording, receiving, or sharing nourishment or nurture; -- applied to father, mother, child, brother, etc., to indicate that the person so called stands in the relation of parent, child, brother, etc., as regards sustenance and nurture, but not by tie of blood.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Foster</col> <col>babe, &or; child</col></mcol>, <cd>an infant of child nursed by a woman not its mother, or bred by a man not its father.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Foster brother</col>, <col>Foster sister</col></mcol>, <cd>one who is, or has been, nursed at the same breast, or brought up by the same nurse as another, but is not of the same parentage.</cd> -- <col>Foster dam</col>, <cd>one who takes the place of a mother; a nurse.</cd> <i>Dryden.</i> -- <col>Foster earth</col>, <cd>earth by which a plant is nourished, though not its native soil.</cd> <i>J. Philips.</i> -- <col> Foster father</col>, <cd>a man who takes the place of a father in caring for a child.</cd> <i>Bacon.</i> -- <col>Foster land</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Land allotted for the maintenance of any one.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>One's adopted country.</cd> -- <col>Foster lean</col> <ety>[<ets>foster<ets> + AS. <ets>l\'91n<ets> <cd>a loan See <er>Loan</er>.]</ety>, <cd>remuneration fixed for the rearing of a foster child; also, the jointure of a wife. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <i>Wharton.</i> -- <col>Foster mother</col>, <cd>a woman who takes a mother's place in the nurture and care of a child; a nurse.</cd> -- <col>Foster nurse</col>, <cd>a nurse; a nourisher. <mark>[R.]</mark></cd> <i>Shak.</i> -- <col>Foster parent</col>, <cd>a foster mother or foster father.</cd> -- <col>Foster son</col>, <cd>a male foster child.</cd></cs>

<h1>Foster</h1>
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<hw>Fos"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A forester.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Fosterage</h1>
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<hw>Fos"ter*age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The care of a foster child; the charge of nursing.</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Foster</h1>
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<hw>Fos"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, fosters.</def>

<h1>Fosterling</h1>
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<hw>Fos"ter*ling</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>f\'d3storling</ets>.]</ety> <def>A foster child.</def>

<h1>Fosterment</h1>
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<hw>Fos"ter*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Food; nourishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fostress</h1>
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<hw>Fos"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>fosteress</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woman who feeds and cherishes; a nurse.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Fother</h1>
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<hw>Foth"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fother</ets>, <ets>foder</ets>, AS. <ets>f\'d3<?/er</ets> a cartload; akin to G. <ets>fuder</ets> a cartload, a unit of measure, OHG. <ets>fuodar</ets>, D. <ets>voeder</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>fathom</ets>, or cf. Skr. <ets>p\'betr\'be</ets> vessel, dish. Cf. <er>Fodder</er> a fother.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wagonload; a load of any sort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Of dung full many a <b>fother</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Fodder</er>, a unit of weight.</def>

<h1>Fother</h1>
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<hw>Foth"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fothered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fothering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Fodder</er> food, and G. <ets>f\'81ttern</ets>, <ets>futtern</ets>, to cover within or without, to line. \'fb75.]</ety> <def>To stop (a leak in a ship at sea) by drawing under its bottom a thrummed sail, so that the pressure of the water may force it into the crack.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Fotive</h1>
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<hw>Fo"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fovere</ets>, <ets>fotum</ets>, to keep warm, to cherish.]</ety> <def>Nourishing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Carew (1633).</i>

<h1>Fotmal</h1>
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<hw>Fot"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Seventy pounds of lead.</def>

<h1>Fougade, Fougasse</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fou`gade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fou`gasse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A small mine, in the form of a well sunk from the surface of the ground, charged with explosive and projectiles. It is made in a position likely to be occupied by the enemy.</def>

<h1>Fought</h1>
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<hw>Fought</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Fight</er>.</def>

<h1>Foughten</h1>
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<hw>Fought"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Fight</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Foul</h1>
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<hw>Foul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fowl</er>.]</ety> <def>A bird.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Foul</h1>
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<hw>Foul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> Fouler <tt>(-&etil;r)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Foulest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>foul</ets>, <ets>ful</ets>, AS. <ets>f&umac;l</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vuil</ets>, G. <ets>faul</ets> rotten, OHG. <ets>f&umac;l</ets>, Icel. <ets>f&umac;l</ets> foul, fetid; Dan. <ets>fuul</ets>, Sw. <ets>ful</ets> foul, Goth. <ets>f&umac;ls</ets> fetid, Lith. <ets>puti</ets> to be putrid, L. <ets>putere</ets> to stink, be putrid, <ets>pus</ets> pus, Gr. <grk>py`on</grk> pus, to cause to rot, Skr. <ets>p&umac;y</ets> to stink. \'fb82. Cf. <er>Defile</er> to foul, <er>File</er> to foul, <er>Filth</er>, <er>Pus</er>, <er>Putrid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Covered with, or containing, extraneous matter which is injurious, noxious, offensive, or obstructive; filthy; dirty; not clean; polluted; nasty; defiled; <as>as, a <ex>foul</ex> cloth; <ex>foul</ex> hands; a <ex>foul</ex> chimney; <ex>foul</ex> air; a ship's bottom is <ex>foul</ex> when overgrown with barnacles; a gun becomes <ex>foul</ex> from repeated firing; a well is <ex>foul</ex> with polluted water.</as></def>

<blockquote>My face is <b>foul</b> with weeping.
<i>Job. xvi. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive; <as>as, <ex>foul</ex> words; <ex>foul</ex> language.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hateful; detestable; shameful; odious; wretched.</def> "The <i>foul</i> with Sycorax."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Who first seduced them to that <b>foul</b> revolt?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Loathsome; disgusting; <as>as, a <ex>foul</ex> disease</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Ugly; homely; poor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Let us, like merchants, show our <b>foulest</b> wares.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Not favorable; unpropitious; not fair or advantageous; <as>as, a <ex>foul</ex> wind; a <ex>foul</ex> road</as>; cloudy or rainy; stormy; not fair; -- said of the weather, sky, etc.</def>

<blockquote>So <b>foul</b> a sky clears not without a storm.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Not conformed to the established rules and customs of a game, conflict, test, etc.; unfair; dishonest; dishonorable; cheating; <as>as, <ex>foul</ex> play</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or entanglement; entangled; -- opposed to <i>clear</i>; <as>as, a rope or cable may get <ex>foul</ex> while paying it out</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="590">
Page 590<p>

<cs><col>Foul anchor</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Anchor</er>.</cd> -- <col>Foul ball</col> <fld>(Baseball)</fld>, <cd>a ball that first strikes the ground outside of the foul ball lines, or rolls outside of certain limits.</cd> -- <col>Foul ball lines</col> <fld>(Baseball)</fld>, <cd>lines from the home base, through the first and third bases, to the boundary of the field.</cd> -- <col>Foul berth</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a berth in which a ship is in danger of fouling another vesel.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Foul bill</col>, &or; <col>Foul bill of health</col></mcol>, <cd>a certificate, duly authenticated, that a ship has come from a place where a contagious disorder prevails, or that some of the crew are infected.</cd> -- <col>Foul copy</col>, <cd>a rough draught, with erasures and corrections; -- opposed to <i>fair<i> or <i>clean copy<i>.</cd> "Some writers boast of negligence, and others would be ashamed to show their <i>foul copies<i>." <i>Cowper.</i> -- <col>Foul proof</col>, <cd>an uncorrected proof; a proof containing an excessive quantity of errors.</cd> -- <col>Foul strike</col> <fld>(Baseball)</fld>, <cd>a strike by the batsman when any part of his person is outside of the lines of his position.</cd> -- <col>To fall foul</col>, <cd>to fall out; to quarrel.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "If they be any ways offended, they <i>fall foul<i>." <i>Burton.</i> -- <mcol><col>To</col> <col>fall, &or; run</col>, <col>foul of</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Fall</er>.</cd> -- <col>To make foul water</col>, <cd>to sail in such shallow water that the ship's keel stirs the mud at the bottom.</cd></cs>

<h1>Foul</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Foul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fouled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fouling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make filthy; to defile; to daub; to dirty; to soil; <as>as, to <ex>foul</ex> the face or hands with mire</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To incrust (the bore of a gun) with burnt powder in the process of firing.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cover (a ship's bottom) with anything that impered its sailing; <as>as, a bottom <ex>fouled</ex> with barnacles</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To entangle, so as to impede motion; <as>as, to <ex>foul</ex> a rope or cable in paying it out</as>; to come into collision with; <as>as, one boat <ex>fouled</ex> the other in a race</as>.</def>

<h1>Foul</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Foul</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become clogged with burnt powder in the process of firing, as a gun.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To become entagled, as ropes; to come into collision with something; <as>as, the two boats <ex>fouled</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Foul</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Foul</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An entanglement; a collision, as in a boat race.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>See <cref>Foul ball</cref>, under <er>Foul</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Foulard</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Fou`lard"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A thin, washable material of silk, or silk and cotton, originally imported from India, but now also made elsewhere.</def>

<h1>Foulder</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Foul"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fouldre</ets> lightning, fr. F. <ets>foudre</ets>, OF. also <ets>fouldre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fulgur</ets>. See <er>Fulgor</er>.]</ety> <def>To flash, as lightning; to lighten; to gleam; to thunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Flames of <i>fouldering</i> heat."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Foule</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Foul"e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Foully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Foully</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Foul"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt><def>In a foul manner; filthily; nastily; shamefully; unfairly; dishonorably.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>foully</b> wronged him; do forgive me, do.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foul-mouthed</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Foul"-mouthed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Using language scurrilous, opprobrious, obscene, or profane; abusive.</def>

<blockquote>So <b>foul-mouthed</b> a witness never appeared in any cause.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foulness</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Foul"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>f<?/lnes</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or condition of being foul.</def>

<h1>Foul-spoken</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Foul"-spo`ken</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Using profane, scurrilous, slanderous, or obscene language.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Foumart</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Fou"mart`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>folmard</ets>, <ets>fulmard</ets>; AS. <ets>f<?/l</ets> foul + <ets>mear<?/</ets>, <ets>meard</ets>, marten: cf. F. <ets>marte</ets>, <ets>martre</ets>. See <er>Foul</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Marten</er> the quadruped.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European polecat; -- called also <altname>European ferret</altname>, and <altname>fitchew</altname>. See <er>Polecat</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>foulmart</asp>, <asp>foulimart</asp>, and <asp>fulimart</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Found</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Found</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Find</er>.</def>

<h1>Found</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Found</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Founded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Founding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>fondre</ets>, L. <ets>fundere</ets> to found, pour.]</ety> <def>To form by melting a metal, and pouring it into a mold; to cast.</def> "Whereof to <i>found</i> their engines."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Found</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Found</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thin, single-cut file for combmakers.</def>

<h1>Found</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Found</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Founded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Founding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>fonder</ets>, L. <ets>fundare</ets>, fr. <ets>fundus</ets> bottom. See 1st <er>Bottom</er>, and cf. <er>Founder</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, <er>Fund</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay the basis of; to set, or place, as on something solid, for support; to ground; to establish upon a basis, literal or figurative; to fix firmly.</def>

<blockquote>I had else been perfect,
Whole as the marble, <b>founded</b> as the rock.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A man that all his time
Hath <b>founded</b> his good fortunes on your love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It fell not, for it was <b>founded</b> on a rock.
<i>Matt. vii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take the ffirst steps or measures in erecting or building up; to furnish the materials for beginning; to begin to raise; to originate; <as>as, to <ex>found</ex> a college; to <ex>found</ex> a family.</as></def>

<blockquote>There they shall <b>found</b>
Their government, and their great senate choose.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To base; ground; institute; establish; fix. See <er>Predicate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Foundation</h1>
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<hw>Foun*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fondation</ets>, L. <ets>fundatio</ets>. See <er>Found</er> to establish.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of founding, fixing, establishing, or beginning to erect.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That upon which anything is founded; that on which anything stands, and by which it is supported; the lowest and supporting layer of a superstructure; groundwork; basis.</def>

<blockquote>Behold, I lay in Zion, for a <b>foundation</b>, a stone . . . a precious corner stone, a sure <b>foundation</b>.
<i>Is. xxviii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>foundation</b> of a free common wealth.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The lowest and supporting part or member of a wall, including the base course (see <cref>Base course</cref> <sd>(a)</sd>, under <er>Base</er>, <tt>n.</tt>) and footing courses; in a frame house, the whole substructure of masonry.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A donation or legacy appropriated to support a charitable institution, and constituting a permanent fund; endowment.</def>

<blockquote>He was entered on the <b>foundation</b> of Westminster.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which is founded, or established by endowment; an endowed institution or charity.</def>

<blockquote>Against the canon laws of our <b>foundation</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Foundation course</col>. <cd>See <cref>Base course</cref>, under <er>Base</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Foundation muslin</col>, <cd>an open-worked gummed fabric used for stiffening dresses, bonnets, etc.</cd> -- <col>Foundation school</col>, <cd>in England, an endowed school.</cd> -- <col>To be on a foundation</col>, <cd>to be entitled to a support from the proceeds of an endowment, as a scholar or a fellow of a college.</cd></cs>

<h1>Foundationer</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Foun*da"tion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who derives support from the funds or foundation of a college or school.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Foundationless</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Foun*da"tion*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no foundation.</def>

<h1>Founder</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Found"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>fondeor</ets>, F. <ets>fondateur</ets>, L. <ets>fundator</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author; one from whom anything originates; one who endows.</def>

<h1>Founder</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Found"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Found</er> to cast.]</ety> <def>One who founds; one who casts metals in various forms; a caster; <as>as, a <ex>founder</ex> of cannon, bells, hardware, or types</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Fonder's dust</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Facing</er>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Founder's sand</col>, <cd>a kind of sand suitable for purposes of molding.</cd></cs>

<h1>Founder</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Found"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Foundered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Foundering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>fondrer</ets> to fall in, cf. F. <ets>s'effondrer</ets>, fr. <ets>fond</ets> bottom, L. <ets>fundus</ets>. See <er>Found</er> to establish.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To become filled with water, and sink, as a ship.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fall; to stumble and go lame, as a horse.</def>

<blockquote>For which his horse fear\'82 gan to turn,
And leep aside, and <b>foundrede</b> as he leep.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fail; to miscarry.</def> "All his tricks <i>founder</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Founder</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Found"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause internal inflammation and soreness in the feet or limbs of (a horse), so as to disable or lame him.</def>

<h1>Founder</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Found"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A lameness in the foot of a horse, occasioned by inflammation; closh.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An inflammatory fever of the body, or acute rheumatism; <as>as, chest <ex>founder</ex></as>. See <er>Chest ffounder</er>.</def>

<i>James White.</i>

<h1>Founderous</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Foun"der*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Difficult to travel; likely to trip one up; <as>as, a <ex>founderous</ex> road</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Foundershaft</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Found"er*shaft`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The first shaft sunk.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Foundery</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Found"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Founderies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>fonderie</ets>, fr. <ets>fondre</ets>. See <er>Found</er> to cast, and cf. <er>Foundry</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Foundry</er>.</def>

<h1>Founding</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Found"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of smelting and casting metals.</def>

<h1>Foundling</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Found"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>foundling</ets>, <ets>fundling</ets>; <ets>finden</ets> to find + <ets>-ling</ets>; cf. <ets>f\'81ndling</ets>, <ets>findling</ets>. See <er>Find</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and <er>-ling</er>.]</ety> <def>A deserted or exposed infant; a child found without a parent or owner.</def>

<cs><col>Foundling hospital</col>, <cd>a hospital for foundlings.</cd></cs>

<h1>Foundress</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Found"ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female founder; a woman who founds or establishes, or who endows with a fund.</def>

<h1>Foundry</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Found"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Foundries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Foundery</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act, process, or art of casting metals.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The buildings and works for casting metals.</def>

<cs><col>Foundry ladle</col>, <cd>a vessel for holding molten metal and conveying it from cupola to the molds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fount</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Fount</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Font</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A font.</def>

<h1>Fount</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Fount</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>font</ets>, <ets>funt</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fons</ets>, <ets>fontis</ets>, a fountain; of uncertain origin, perh. akin to <ets>fundere</ets> to pour, E. <ets>found</ets> to cast. Cf. <er>Font</er>.]</ety> <def>A fountain.</def>

<h1>Founttain</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Fount"tain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fontaine</ets>, LL. <ets>fontana</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fons</ets>, <ets>fontis</ets>. See 2d <er>Fount</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A spring of water issuing from the earth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An artificially produced jet or stream of water; also, the structure or works in which such a jet or stream rises or flows; a basin built and constantly supplied with pure water for drinking and other useful purposes, or for ornament.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A reservoir or chamber to contain a liquid which can be conducted or drawn off as needed for use; <as>as, the ink <ex>fountain</ex> in a printing press, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The source from which anything proceeds, or from which anything is supplied continuously; origin; source.</def>

<blockquote>Judea, the <b>fountain</b> of the gospel.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Author of all being,
<b>Fountain</b> of light, thyself invisible.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Air fountain</col>. <cd>See under <er>Air</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fountain heead</col>, <cd>primary source; original; first principle.</cd> <i>Young.</i> -- <col>Fountain inkstand</col>, <cd>an inkstand having a continual supply of ink, as from elevated reservoir.</cd> -- <col>Fountain lamp</col>, <cd>a lamp fed with oil from an elevated reservoir.</cd> -- <col>Fountain pen</col>, <cd>a pen with a reservoir in the handle which furnishes a supply of ink.</cd> -- <col>Fountain pump</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A structure for a fountain, having the form of a pump.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A portable garden pump which throws a jet, for watering plants, etc.</cd> -- <col>Fountain shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the large West Indian conch shell (<spn>Strombus gigas</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Fountain of youth</col>, <cd>a mythical fountain whose waters were fabled to have the property of renewing youth.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fountainless</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Foun"tain*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no fountain; destitute of springs or sources of water.</def>

<blockquote>Barren desert, <b>fountainless</b> and dry.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fountful</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Fount"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of fountains.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Four</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Four</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>four</ets>, <ets>fower</ets>, <ets>feower</ets>, AS. <ets>fe\'a2wer</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>fiwar</ets>, D. & G. <ets>vier</ets>, OHG. <ets>fior</ets>, Icel. <ets>fj<?/rir</ets>, Sw. <ets>fyra</ets>, Dan. <ets>fire</ets>, Goth. <ets>fidw<?/r</ets>, Russ. <ets>chetuire</ets>, <ets>chetvero</ets>, W. <ets>pedwar</ets>, L. <ets>quatuor</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, <?/, Skr. <ets>catur</ets>. <?/ 302. Cf. <er>Farthing</er>, <er>Firkin</er>, <er>Forty</er>, <er>Cater</er> four, <er>Quater-cousin</er>, <er>Quatuor</er>, <er>Quire</er> of paper, <er>tetrarch</er>.]</ety> <def>One more than three; twice two.</def>

<h1>Four</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Four</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The sum of four units; four units or objects.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A symbol representing four units, as 4 or iv.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Four things of the same kind, esp. four horses; <as>as, a chariot and <ex>four</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>All fours</col>. <cd>See <er>All fours</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fourb, Fourbe</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw><hw>Fourb</hw>, <hw>Fourbe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A trickly fellow; a cheat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn. Denham.</i>

<h1>Fourch\'82</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Four`ch\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Fo<?/</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having the ends forked or branched, and the ends of the branches terminating abruptly as if cut off; -- said of an ordinary, especially of a cross.</def>

<h1>Fourchette</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Four`chette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>fourche</ets>. See <er>Fork</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A table fork.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small fold of membrane, connecting the labia in the posterior part of the vulva.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The wishbone or furculum of birds.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The frog of the hoof of the horse and allied animals.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument used to raise and support the tongue during the cutting of the fr\'91num.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Glove Making)</fld> <def>The forked piece between two adjacent fingers, to which the front and back portions are sewed.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Four-cornered</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Four"-cor`nered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having four corners or angles.</def>

<h1>Fourdrinier</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Four`dri`nier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A machine used in making paper; -- so named from an early inventor of improvements in this class of machinery.</def>

<h1>Fourfold</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Four"fold`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fe\'a2werfeold</ets>.]</ety> <def>Four times; quadruple; <as>as, a <ex>fourfold</ex> division</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He snall restore the lamb <b>fourfold</b>.
<i>2 Sam. xii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fourfold</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Four"fold`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Four times as many or as much.</def>

<h1>Fourfold</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Four"fold`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make four times as much or as many, as an assessment,; to quadruple.</def>

<h1>Fourfooted</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Four"foot`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having four feet; quadruped; <as>as, <ex>fourfooted</ex> beasts</as>.</def>

<h1>Fourgon</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Four`gon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>An ammunition wagon.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A French baggage wagon.</def>

<h1>Fourhanded</h1>
<Xpage=590>

<hw>Four"hand`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having four hands; quadrumanous.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Requiring four "hands" or players; <as>as, a <ex>fourhanded</ex> game at cards</as>.</def>

<h1>Fourierism</h1>
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<hw>Fou"ri*er*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The co\'94perative socialistic system of Charles <ets>Fourier</ets>, a Frenchman, who recommended the reorganization of society into small communities, living in common.</def>

<h1>Fourierist, Fourierite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fou"ri*er*ist</hw>, <hw>Fou"ri*er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adopts the views of Fourier.</def>

<h1>Four-in-hand</h1>
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<hw>Four"-in-hand</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of four horses controlled by one person; <as>as, a <ex>four-in-hand</ex> team; drawn by four horses driven by one person; <as>as, a <ex>four-in-hand</ex> coach</as>.</as></def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A team of four horses driven by one person; also, a vehicle drawn by such a team.</def></def2>

<blockquote>As quaint a <b>four-in-hand</b>
As you shall see.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fourling</h1>
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<hw>Four"ling</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of four children born at the same time.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A compound or twin crystal consisting of four individuals.</def>

<h1>Fourneau</h1>
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<hw>Four`neau"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The chamber of a mine in which the powder is placed.</def>

<h1>Four-o'clock</h1>
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<hw>Four"-o'clock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Mirabilis</spn>. There are about half a dozen species, natives of the warmer parts of America. The common <i>four-o'clock</i> is <spn>M. Jalapa</spn>. Its flowers are white, yellow, and red, and open toward sunset, or earlier in cloudy weather; hence the name. It is also called <altname>marvel of Peru</altname>, and <altname>afternoon lady</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The friar bird; -- so called from its cry, which resembles these words.</def>

<h1>Fourpence</h1>
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<hw>Four"pence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A British silver coin, worth four pence; a groat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A name formerly given in New England to the Spanish half real, a silver coin worth six and a quarter cents.</def>

<h1>Four-poster</h1>
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<hw>Four"-post`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A large bedstead with tall posts at the corners to support curtains.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Fourrier</h1>
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<hw>Four"rier</hw> <tt>(?; F. <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. OF. <ets>forre</ets>. See <er>Forage</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A harbinger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fourscore</h1>
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<hw>Four"score`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Four</ets> + <ets>core</ets>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Four times twenty; eighty.</def>

<h1>Fourscore</h1>
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<hw>Four"score`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The product of four times twenty; eighty units or objects.</def>

<h1>Foursquare</h1>
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<hw>Four"square`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having four sides and four equal angles.</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Fourteen</h1>
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<hw>Four"teen`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fourtene</ets>, <ets>feowertene</ets>, AS. <ets>fe\'a2wert<?/ne</ets>, <ets>fe\'a2wert<?/ne</ets>. See <er>Four</er>, and <er>Ten</er>, and cf. <er>Forty</er>.]</ety> <def>Four and ten more; twice seven.</def>

<h1>Fourteen</h1>
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<hw>Four"teen`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The sum of ten and four; forteen units or objects.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A symbol representing fourteen, as 14 or xiv.</def>

<h1>Fourteenth</h1>
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<hw>Four"teenth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>fourtende</ets>, <ets>fourtethe</ets>, AS. <ets>fe\'a2werteo&edh;a</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Next in order after the thirteenth; <as>as, the <ex>fourteenth</ex> day of the month</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Making or constituting one of fourteen equal parts into which anything may be derived.</def>

<h1>Fourteenth</h1>
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<hw>Four"teenth`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of fourteen equal parts into which one whole may be divided; the quotient of a unit divided by fourteen; one next after the thirteenth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The octave of the seventh.</def>

<h1>Fourth</h1>
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<hw>Fourth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fourthe</ets>, <ets>ferthe</ets>, <ets>feorthe</ets>, AS. <ets>fe\'a2r&edh;a</ets>, fr. <ets>fe\'a2wer</ets> four.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Next in order after the third; the ordinal of four.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Forming one of four equal parts into which anything may be divided.</def>

<h1>Fourth</h1>
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<hw>Fourth</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of four equal parts into which one whole may be divided; the quotient of a unit divided by four; one coming next in order after the third.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The interval of two tones and a semitone, embracing four diatonic degrees of the scale; the subdominant of any key.</def>

<cs><col>The Fourth</col>, <cd>specifically, un the United States, the fourth day of July, the anniversary of the declaration of American independence; as, to celebrate <i>the Fourth<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fourthly</h1>
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<hw>Fourth"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the fourth place.</def>

<h1>Four-way</h1>
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<hw>Four"-way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Allowing passage in either of four directions; <as>as, a <ex>four-way</ex> cock, or valve</as>.</def>

<i>Francis.</i>

<cs><col>Four-way cock</col>, <cd>a cock connected with four pipes or ports, and having two or more passages in the plug, by which the adjacent pipes or ports may be made to communicate; formerly used as a valve in the steam engine, and now for various other purposes. In the illustration, <i>a<i> leads to the upper end of a steam engine cylinder, and <i>b<i> to the lower end; <i>c<i> is the steam pipe, and <i>d<i> the exhaust pipe.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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Page 591<p>

<h1>Four-wheeled</h1>
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<hw>Four"-wheeled`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having four wheels.</def>

<h1>Four-wheeler</h1>
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<hw>Four"-wheel`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A vehicle having four wheels.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Foussa</h1>
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<hw>Fous"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Natibe name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A viverrine animal of Madagascar (<spn>Cryptoprocta ferox</spn>). It resembles a cat in size and form, and has retractile claws.</def>

<h1>Fouter</h1>
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<hw>Fou"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>foutre</ets> to lecher, L. <ets>futuere</ets>. Cf. <er>Fouty</er>.]</ety> <def>A despicable fellow.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Brockett.</i>

<h1>Foutra</h1>
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<hw>Fou"tra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fouter</er>.]</ety> <def>A fig; -- a word of contempt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>foutra</b> for the world and wordlings base!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fouty</h1>
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<hw>Fou"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>foutu</ets>, p.p. of <ets>foutre</ets>; OF. <ets>foutu</ets> scoundrel. See <er>Fouter</er>.]</ety> <def>Despicable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fovea</h1>
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<hw>Fo"ve*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fove\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a small pit.]</ety> <def>A slight depression or pit; a fossa.</def>

<h1>Foveate</h1>
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<hw>Fo"ve*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fovea</ets> a pit.]</ety> <def>Having pits or depressions; pitted.</def>

<h1>Foveola</h1>
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<hw>Fo*ve"o*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Foveol\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>fovea</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small depression or pit; a fovea.</def>

<h1>Foveolate</h1>
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<hw>Fo"ve*o*late</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having small pits or depression, as the receptacle in some composite flowers.</def>

<h1>Foveolated</h1>
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<hw>Fo"ve*o*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Foveolate.</def>

<h1>Fovilla</h1>
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<hw>Fo*vil"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fovill\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Dim. fr. L. <ets>fovere to cherish</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the fine granules contained in the protoplasm of a pollen grain.</def>

<h1>Fowl</h1>
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<hw>Fowl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <plu> <note>Instead of the <it>pl.</it> <plw>Fowls</plw> the singular is often used collectively</note></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>foul</ets>, <ets>fowel</ets>, <ets>foghel</ets>, <ets>fuhel</ets>, <ets>fugel</ets>, AS. <ets>fugol</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>fugal</ets> D. & G. <ets>vogel</ets>, OHG. <ets>fogal</ets>, Icel. & Dan. <ets>fugl</ets>, Sw. <ets>fogel</ets>, <ets>f\'86gel</ets>, Goth. <ets>fugls</ets>; of unknown origin, possibly by loss of <ets>l</ets>, from the root of E. <ets>fly</ets>, or akin to E. <ets>fox</ets>, as being a tailed animal.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any bird; esp., any large edible bird.</def>

<blockquote>Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the <b>fowl</b> of the air.
<i>Gen. i. 26.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Behold the <b>fowls</b> of the air; for they sow not.
<i>Matt. vi. 26.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Like a flight of <b>fowl</b>
Scattered by winds and high tempestuous gusts.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any domesticated bird used as food, as a hen, turkey, duck; in a more restricted sense, the common domestic cock or hen (<spn>Gallus domesticus</spn>).</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Barndoor fowl</col>, &or; <col>Barnyard fowl</col></mcol>, <cd>a fowl that frequents the barnyard; the common domestic cock or hen.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fowl</h1>
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<hw>Fowl</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fowled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fowling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To catch or kill wild fowl, for game or food, as by shooting, or by decoys, nets, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Such persons as may lawfully hunt, fish, or <b>fowl</b>.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fowling piece</col>, <cd>a light gun with smooth bore, adapted for the use of small shot in killing birds or small quadrupeds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fowler</h1>
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<hw>Fowl"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sportsman who pursues wild fowl, or takes or kills for food.</def>

<h1>Fowlerite</h1>
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<hw>Fow"ler*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Dr. Samuel <ets>Fowler</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of rhodonite, from Franklin Furnace, New Jersey, containing some zinc.</def>

<h1>Fowler's solution</h1>
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<hw>Fow"ler's so*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. An <?/quenous solution of arsenite of potassium, of such strength that one hundred parts represent one part of arsenious acid, or white arsenic; -- named from <i>Fowler</i>, an English physician who first brought it into use.</def>

<h1>Fox</h1>
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<hw>Fox</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Foxes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>fox</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vos</ets>, G. <ets>fuchs</ets>, OHG. <ets>fuhs</ets>, <ets>foha</ets>, Goth. <ets>fa\'a3h<?/</ets>, Icel. <ets>f<?/a</ets> fox, <ets>fox</ets> fraud; of unknown origin, cf. Skr. <ets>puccha</ets> tail. Cf. <er>Vixen</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carnivorous animal of the genus <spn>Vulpes</spn>, family <spn>Canid\'91</spn>, of many species. The European fox (<spn>V. vulgaris</spn> or <spn>V. vulpes</spn>), the American red fox (<spn>V. fulvus</spn>), the American gray fox (<spn>V. Virginianus</spn>), and the arctic, white, or blue, fox (<spn>V. lagopus</spn>) are well-known species.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>black</i> or <i>silver-gray</i> fox is a variety of the American red fox, producing a fur of great value; the <i>cross-gray</i> and <i>woods-gray</i> foxes are other varieties of the same species, of less value. The common foxes of Europe and America are very similar; both are celebrated for their craftiness. They feed on wild birds, poultry, and various small animals.</note>

<blockquote>Subtle as the <b>fox</b> for prey.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European dragonet.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fox shark or thrasher shark; -- called also <altname>sea fox</altname>. See <cref>Thrasher shark</cref>, under <er>Shark</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A sly, cunning fellow.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>We call a crafty and cruel man a <b>fox</b>.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Rope yarn twisted together, and rubbed with tar; -- used for seizings or mats.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A sword; -- so called from the stamp of a <i>fox</i> on the blade, or perhaps of a wolf taken for a fox.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou diest on point of <b>fox</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Enthnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians which, with the Sacs, formerly occupied the region about Green Bay, Wisconsin; -- called also <altname>Outagamies</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Fox and geese</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A boy's game, in which one boy tries to catch others as they run one goal to another.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A game with sixteen checkers, or some substitute for them, one of which is called the <i>fox<i>, and the rest the <i>geese<i>; the <i>fox<i>, whose first position is in the middle of the board, endeavors to break through the line of the geese, and the geese to pen up the fox.</cd> -- <col>Fox bat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fruit bat of the genus <spn>Pteropus</spn>, of many species, inhabiting Asia, Africa, and the East Indies, esp. <spn>P. medius</spn> of India. Some of the species are more than four feet across the outspread wings. See <er>Fruit bat</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fox bolt</col>, <cd>a bolt having a split end to receive a fox wedge.</cd> -- <col>Fox brush</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the tail of a fox.</cd> -- <col>Fox evil</col>, <cd>a disease in which the hair falls off; alopecy.</cd> -- <col>Fox grape</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the name of two species of American grapes. The northern fox grape (<spn>Vitis Labrusca</spn>) is the origin of the varieties called <i>Isabella<i>, <i>Concord<i>, <i>Hartford<i>, etc., and the southern fox grape (<spn>Vitis vulpina</spn>) has produced the <i>Scuppernong<i>, and probably the <i>Catawba<i>.</cd> -- <col>Fox hunter</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>One who pursues foxes with hounds.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A horse ridden in a fox chase.</cd> -- <col>Fox shark</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the thrasher shark. See <cref>Thrasher shark</cref>, under <er>Thrasher</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fox sleep</col>, <cd>pretended sleep.</cd> -- <col>Fox sparrow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large American sparrow (<spn>Passerella iliaca</spn>); -- so called on account of its reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Fox squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large North American squirrel (<spn>Sciurus niger</spn>, or <spn>S. cinereus</spn>). In the Southern States the black variety prevails; farther north the fulvous and gray variety, called the <i>cat squirrel<i>, is more common.</cd> -- <col>Fox terrier</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of a peculiar breed of terriers, used in hunting to drive foxes from their holes, and for other purposes. There are rough- and smooth-haired varieties.</cd> -- <col>Fox trot</col>, <cd>a pace like that which is adopted for a few steps, by a horse, when passing from a walk into a trot, or a trot into a walk.</cd> -- <col>Fox wedge</col> <fld>(Mach. & Carpentry)</fld>, <cd>a wedge for expanding the split end of a bolt, cotter, dowel, tenon, or other piece, to fasten the end in a hole or mortise and prevent withdrawal. The wedge abuts on the bottom of the hole and the piece is driven down upon it. Fastening by fox wedges is called <i>foxtail wedging<i>.</cd> -- <col>Fox wolf</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several South American wild dogs, belonging to the genus <spn>Canis</spn>. They have long, bushy tails like a fox.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fox</h1>
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<hw>Fox</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Foxed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Foxing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Fox</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, cf. Icel. <ets>fox</ets> imposture.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To intoxicate; to stupefy with drink.</def>

<blockquote>I drank . . . so much wine that I was almost <b>foxed</b>.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make sour, as beer, by causing it to ferment.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To repair the feet of, as of boots, with new front upper leather, or to piece the upper fronts of.</def>

<h1>Fox</h1>
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<hw>Fox</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To turn sour; -- said of beer, etc., when it sours in fermenting.</def>

<h1>Foxearth</h1>
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<hw>Fox"earth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hole in the earth to which a fox resorts to hide himself.</def>

<h1>Fracas</h1>
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<hw>Fra"cas</hw> <tt>(?; F. <?/; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., crash, din, tumult, It. <ets>fracasso</ets>, fr. <ets>fracassare</ets> to break in pieces, perh. fr. <ets>fra</ets> within, among (L. <ets>infra</ets>) + <ets>cassare</ets> to annul, cashier. Cf. <er>Cashier</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>An uproar; a noisy quarrel; a disturbance; a brawl.</def>

<h1>Fracho</h1>
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<hw>Fracho</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shallow iron pan to hold glass ware while being annealed.</def>

<h1>Fracid</h1>
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<hw>Frac"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fracidus</ets> mellow, soft.]</ety> <def>Rotten from being too ripe; overripe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Fract</h1>
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<hw>Fract</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fractus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>frangere</ets> to break.]</ety> <def>To break; to violate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fracted</h1>
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<hw>Frac"ted</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having a part displaced, as if broken; -- said of an ordinary.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Foxed</h1>
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<hw>Foxed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Discolored or stained; -- said of timber, and also of the paper of books or engravings.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Repaired by foxing; <as>as, <ex>foxed</ex> boots</as>.</def>

<h1>Foxery</h1>
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<hw>Fox"e*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Behavior like that of a fox; <?/unning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Foxes</h1>
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<hw>Fox"es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Fox</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 7.</def>

<h1>Foxfish</h1>
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<hw>Fox"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fox shark; -- called also <altname>sea fox</altname>. See <cref>Thrasher shark</cref>, under <er>Shark</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The european dragonet. See <er>Dragonet</er>.</def>

<h1>Foxglove</h1>
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<hw>Fox"glove`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>AS</ets>. <ets>foxes-gl<?/fa</ets>, <ets>foxes-clife</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the genus <spn>Digitalis</spn>. The common English foxglove (<spn>Digitalis purpurea</spn>) is a handsome perennial or biennial plant, whose leaves are used as a powerful medicine, both as a sedative and diuretic. See <er>Digitalis</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Pan through the pastures oftentimes hath run
To pluck the speckled <b>foxgloves</b> from their stem.
<i>W. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foxhound</h1>
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<hw>Fox"hound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a special breed of hounds used for chasing foxes.</def>

<h1>Fox-hunting</h1>
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<hw>Fox"-hunt`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to or engaged in the hunting of foxes; fond of hunting foxes.</def>

<h1>Foxineess</h1>
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<hw>Fox"i*neess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being foxy, or foxlike; craftiness; shrewdness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being foxed or discolored, as books; decay; deterioration.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A coarse and sour taste in grapes.</def>

<h1>Foxish</h1>
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<hw>Fox"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Foxlike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Foxlike</h1>
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<hw>Fox"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a fox in his characteristic qualities; cunning; artful; foxy.</def>

<h1>Foxly</h1>
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<hw>Fox"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Foxlike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Foxly</i> craft."

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Foxship</h1>
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<hw>Fox"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Foxiness; craftiness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Foxtail</h1>
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<hw>Fox"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The tail or brush of a fox.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of several kinds of grass having a soft dense head of flowers, mostly the species of <spn>Alopecurus</spn> and <spn>Setaria</spn>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The last cinders obtained in the fining process.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<cs><col>Foxtail saw</col>, <cd>a dovetail saw.</cd> -- <col>Foxtail wedging</col>. <cd>See <cref>Fox wedge</cref>, under <er>Fox</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Foxy</h1>
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<hw>Fox"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Like or pertaining to the fox; foxlike in disposition or looks; wily.</def>

<blockquote>Modred's narrow, <b>foxy</b> face.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the color of a fox; of a yellowish or reddish brown color; -- applied sometimes to paintings when they have too much of this color.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having the odor of a fox; rank; strong smeelling.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Sour; unpleasant in taste; -- said of wine, beer, etc., not properly fermented; -- also of grapes which have the coarse flavor of the fox grape.</def>

<h1>Foy</h1>
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<hw>Foy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>foi</ets>, old spelling <ets>foy</ets>, faith. See <er>Faith</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Faith; allegiance; fealty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A feast given by one about to leave a place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He did at the Dog give me, and some other friends of his, his <b>foy</b>, he being to set sail to-day.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Foyer</h1>
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<hw>Foy`er"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>focarium</ets> fireplace. See <er>Focus</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A lobby in a theater; a greenroom.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The crucible or basin in a furnace which receives the molten metal.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Foyson</h1>
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<hw>Foy"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Foison</er>.</def>

<h1>Foziness</h1>
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<hw>Fo"zi*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being fozy; spiritlessness; dullness.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>[The Whigs'] <b>foziness</b> can no longer be concealed.
<i>Blackwood's.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fozy</h1>
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<hw>Fo"zy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Spongy; soft; fat and puffy.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Fra</h1>
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<hw>Fra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. & prep.</tt> <ety>[OE.]</ety> <def>Fro.</def> <mark>[Old Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Fra</h1>
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<hw>Fra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., for <ets>frate</ets>. See <er>Friar</er>.]</ety> <def>Brother; -- a title of a monk of friar; <as>as, <ex>Fra</ex> Angelo</as>.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Frab</h1>
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<hw>Frab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To scold; to nag.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Frabbit</h1>
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<hw>Frab"bit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Crabbed; peevish.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Fraction</h1>
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<hw>Frac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fraction</ets>, L. <ets>fractio</ets> a breaking, fr. <ets>frangere</ets>, <ets>fractum</ets>, to break. See <er>Break</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of breaking, or state of being broken, especially by violence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Neither can the natural body of Christ be subject to any <b>fraction</b> or breaking up.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A portion; a fragment.</def>

<blockquote>Some niggard <b>fractions</b> of an hour.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arith. or Alg.)</fld> <def>One or more aliquot parts of a unit or whole number; an expression for a definite portion of a unit or magnitude.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Common, &or; Vulgar</col>, <col>fraction</col></mcol>, <cd>a fraction in which the number of equal parts into which the integer is supposed to be divided is indicated by figures or letters, called the <i>denominator<i>, written below a line, over which is the <i>numerator<i>, indicating the number of these parts included in the fraction; as <frac12/, one half, <frac25/, two fifths.</cd> -- <col>Complex fraction</col>, <cd>a fraction having a fraction or mixed number in the numerator or denominator, or in both.</cd> <i>Davies & Peck.</i> -- <col>Compound fraction</col>, <cd>a fraction of a fraction; two or more fractions connected by <i>of<i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Continued fraction</col>, <col>Decimal fraction</col>, <col>Partial fraction</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Continued</er>, <er>Decimal</er>, <er>Partial</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Improper fraction</col>, <cd>a fraction in which the numerator is greater than the denominator.</cd> -- <col>Proper fraction</col>, <cd>a fraction in which the numerator is less than the denominator.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fraction</h1>
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<hw>Frac"tion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To separate by means of, or to subject to, fractional distillation or crystallization; to fractionate; -- frequently used with <i>out</i>; <as>as, to <ex>fraction</ex> out a certain grade of oil from pretroleum</as>.</def>

<h1>Fractional</h1>
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<hw>Frac"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to fractions or a fraction; constituting a fraction; <as>as, <ex>fractional</ex> numbers</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relatively small; inconsiderable; insignificant; <as>as, a <ex>fractional</ex> part of the population</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Fractional crystallization</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a process of gradual and approximate purification and separation, by means of repeated solution and crystallization therefrom.</cd> -- <col>Fractional currency</col>, <cd>small coin, or paper notes, in circulation, of less value than the monetary unit.</cd> -- <col>Fractional distillation</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a process of distillation so conducted that a mixture of liquids, differing considerably from each other in their boiling points, can be separated into its constituents.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fractionally</h1>
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<hw>Frac"tion*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By fractions or separate portions; <as>as, to distill a liquid <ex>fractionally</ex>, that is, so as to separate different portions</as>.</def>

<h1>Fractionary</h1>
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<hw>Frac"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fractional.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fractionate</h1>
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<hw>Frac"tion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To separate into different portions or fractions, as in the distillation of liquids.</def>

<h1>Fractious</h1>
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<hw>Frac"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E. <ets>frack</ets> forward, eager, E. <ets>freak</ets>, <ets>fridge</ets>; or Prov. E. <ets>fratch</ets> to squabble, quarrel.]</ety> <def>Apt to break out into a passion; apt to scold; cross; snappish; ugly; unruly; <as>as, a <ex>fractious</ex> man; a <ex>fractious</ex> horse.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Snappish; peevish; waspish; cross; irritable; perverse; pettish.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Frac"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>v.</tt> -- <wf>Frac"tious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fractural</h1>
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<hw>Frac"tur*al</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or consequent on, a fracture.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Fracture</h1>
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<hw>Frac"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fractura</ets>, fr. <ets>frangere</ets>, <ets>fractum</ets>, to break: cf. F. <ets>fracture</ets>. See <er>Fraction</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of breaking or snapping asunder; rupture; breach.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The breaking of a bone.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The texture of a freshly broken surface; <as>as, a compact <ex>fracture</ex>; an even, hackly, or conchoidal <ex>fracture</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>Comminuted fracture</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>a fracture in which the bone is broken into several parts.</cd> -- <col>Complicated fracture</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>a fracture of the bone combined with the lesion of some artery, nervous trunk, or joint.</cd> -- <col>Compound fracture</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>a fracture in which there is an open wound from the surface down to the fracture.</cd> -- <col>Simple fracture</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>a fracture in which the bone only is ruptured. It does not communicate with the surface by an open wound.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Fracture</er>, <er>Rupture</er>.</syn> <usage>These words denote different kinds of <i>breaking</i>, according to the objects to which they are applied. <i>Fracture</i> is applied to hard substances; as, the <i>fracture</i> of a bone. <i>Rupture</i> is oftener applied to soft substances; as, the <i>rupture</i> of a blood vessel. It is also used figuratively. "To be an enemy and once to have been a friend, does it not embitter the <i>rupture</i>?"</usage>

<i>South.</i>

<hr>
<page="592">
Page 592<p>

<h1>Fracture</h1>
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<hw>Frac"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fractured</er> <tt>(#; 135)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt>. <er>Fracturing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fracturer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cause a fracture or fractures in; to break; to burst asunder; to crack; to separate the continuous parts of; <as>as, to <ex>fracture</ex> a bone; to <ex>fracture</ex> the skull.</as></def>

<h1>Fr\'91nulum</h1>
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<hw>Fr\'91n"u*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fr\'91nula</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>fraenum</ets> a bridle.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A fr\'91num.</def>

<h1>Fr\'91num, &or; Frenum</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fr\'91"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Fre"num</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Fr\'91nums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Fr\'91na</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a bridle.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A connecting fold of membrane serving to support or restrain any part; <as>as, the <ex>fr\'91num</ex> of the tongue</as>.</def>

<h1>Fragile</h1>
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<hw>Frag"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fragilis</ets>, from <ets>frangere</ets> to break; cf. F. <ets>fragile</ets>. See <er>Break</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Frail</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Easily broken; brittle; frail; delicate; easily destroyed.</def>

<blockquote>The state of ivy is tough, and not <b>fragile</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Brittle; infirm; weak; frail; frangible; slight.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Frag"ile*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fragility</h1>
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<hw>Fra*gil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fragilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fragilit\'82</ets>. Cf. <er>Frailty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition or quality of being fragile; brittleness; frangibility.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Weakness; feebleness.</def>

<blockquote>An appearance of delicacy, and even of <b>fragility</b>, is almost essential to it [beauty].
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Liability to error and sin; frailty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>fragility</b> and youthful folly of Qu. Fabius.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fragment</h1>
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<hw>Frag"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fragmentum</ets>, fr. frangere to break: cf. F. <ets>fragment</ets>. See <er>Break</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A part broken off; a small, detached portion; an imperfect part; <as>as, a <ex>fragment</ex> of an ancient writing</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Gather up the <b>fragments</b> that remain.
<i>John vi. 12.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fragmentak</h1>
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<hw>Frag*men"tak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fragmentary.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Consisting of the pulverized or fragmentary material of rock, as conglomerate, shale, etc.</def>

<h1>Fragmental</h1>
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<hw>Frag*men"tal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A fragmentary rock.</def>

<h1>Fragmentarily</h1>
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<hw>Frag"men*ta*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fragmentary manner; piecemeal.</def>

<h1>Fragmentariness</h1>
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<hw>Frag"men*ta*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or property of being in fragnebts, or broken pieces, incompleteness; want of continuity.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Fragmentary</h1>
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<hw>Frag"men*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fragmentaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Composed of fragments, or broken pieces; disconnected; not complete or entire.</def>

<i>Donne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Composed of the fragments of other rocks.</def>

<h1>Fragmented</h1>
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<hw>Frag"ment*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Broken into fragments.</def>

<h1>Fragmentist</h1>
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<hw>Frag"ment*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of fragments; <as>as, the <ex>fragmentist</ex> of Wolfenb\'81ttel</as>. <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Fragor</h1>
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<hw>Fra"gor</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a breaking to pieces, fr. <ets>frangere</ets> to break.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A loud and sudden sound; the report of anything bursting; a crash.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <note>[Due to confusion with <i>fragrant</i>.]</note> <def>A strong or sweet scent.</def> <mark>[Obs. & Illegitimate.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Fragrance, Fragrancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fra"grance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fra"gran*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fragrantia</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>fragrance</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being fragrant; sweetness of smell; a sweet smell; a pleasing odor; perfume.</def>

<blockquote>Eve separate he spies,
Veiled in a cloud of <b>fragrance</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The goblet crowned,
Breathed aromatic <b>fragrancies</b> around.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fragrant</h1>
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<hw>Fra"grant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>[<???/L. <i>fragrans</i>. -<i>antis</i>, p.pr. of <i>fragrare</i> to emit a smell of fragrance: cf. OF. <i>fragrant</i>. Affecting the olfactory nerves agreeably; sweet of smell; odorous; having or emitting an agreeable perfume.</def>

<blockquote><b>Fragrant</b> the fertile earth
After soft showers.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Sweet-smelling; odorous; odoriferous; swetacented; redolent; ambrosial; balmy; spicy; aromatic. -- <wordforms><wf>Fra"grant*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></syn></wordforms>

<h1>Fraight</h1>
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<hw>Fraight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Fraught</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Frail</h1>
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<hw>Frail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fraiel</ets>, <ets>fraile</ets>, OF. <ets>fraiel</ets>, <ets>freel</ets>, <ets>frael</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>fraellum</ets>.]</ety> <def>A basket made of rushes, used chiefly for containing figs and raisins.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quantity of raisins -- about thirty-two, fifty-six, or seventy-five pounds, -- contained in a frail.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A rush for weaving baskets.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Frail</h1>
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<hw>Frail</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Frailer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl</tt>. <er>Frailest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>frele</ets>, <ets>freile</ets>, OF. <ets>fraile</ets>, <ets>frele</ets>, F. <ets>fr\'88le</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fragilis</ets>. See <er>Fragile</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Easily broken; fragile; not firm or durable; liable to fail and perish; easily destroyed; not tenacious of life; weak; infirm.</def>

<blockquote>That I may know how <b>frail</b> I am.
<i>Ps. xxxix. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An old bent man, worn and <b>frail</b>.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tender.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Deep indignation and compassion.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Liable to fall from virtue or be led into sin; not strong against temptation; weak in resolution; also, unchaste; -- often applied to fallen women.</def>

<blockquote>Man is <b>frail</b>, and prone to evil.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frailly</h1>
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<hw>Frail"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Weakly; infirmly.</def>

<h1>Frailness</h1>
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<hw>Frail"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Frailty.</def>

<h1>Frailty</h1>
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<hw>Frail"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Frailties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>frelete</ets>, <ets>freilte</ets>, OF. <ets>frailet\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fragilitas</ets>. See <er>Frail</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Fragility</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition quality of being frail, physically, mentally, or morally, frailness; infirmity; weakness of resolution; liableness to be deceived or seduced.</def>

<blockquote>God knows our <b>frailty</b>, [and] pities our weakness.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fault proceeding from weakness; foible; sin of infirmity.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Frailness; fragility; imperfection; failing.</syn>

<h1>Fraischeur</h1>
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<hw>Frai"scheur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.; F <ets>fraicheur</ets>, fr. <ets>frais</ets>, fem. <ets>fra<?/che</ets>, fresh; of German origin. See <er>Frash</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Freshness; coolness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Fraise</h1>
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<hw>Fraise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Froise</er>.]</ety> <def>A large and thick pancake, with slices of bacon in it.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Fraise</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fraise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fraise</ets>, orig., a ruff, cf. F. <ets>frise</ets> frieze, E. <ets>frieze</ets> a coarse stuff.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A defense consisting of pointed stakes driven into the ramparts in a horizontal or inclined position.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A fluted reamer for enlarging holes in stone; a small milling cutter.</def>

<h1>Fraise</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fraise</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To protect, as a line of troops, against an onset of cavalry, by opposing bayonets raised obliquely forward.</def>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<h1>Fraised</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fraised</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fortified with a fraise.</def>

<h1>Fraken</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Frak"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A freckle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A few <b>fraknes</b> in his face.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Framable</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fram"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being framed.</def>

<h1>Framb\'91sia</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fram*b\'91"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. & NL., fr. F. <ets>framboise</ets> raspberry.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The yaws. See <er>Yaws</er>.</def>

<h1>Frame</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Frame</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Framed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Framing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>framen</ets>, <ets>fremen</ets>, to execute, build, AS. <ets>fremman</ets> to further, perform, effect, fr. <ets>fram</ets> strong, valiant; akin to E. <ets>foremost</ets>, and prob. to AS. <ets>fram</ets> from, Icel. <ets>fremja</ets>, <ets>frama</ets>, to further, <ets>framr</ets> forward, G. <ets>fromm</ets> worthy, excellent, pious. See <er>Foremost</er>, <er>From</er>, and cf. <er>Furnish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch. & Engin.)</fld> <def>To construct by fitting and uniting the several parts of the skeleton of any structure; specifically, in woodwork, to put together by cutting parts of one member to fit parts of another. See <er>Dovetail</er>, <er>Halve</er>, <i>v. t.</i>, <er>Miter</er>, <er>Tenon</er>, <er>Tooth</er>, <er>Tusk</er>, <er>Scarf</er>, and <er>Splice</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To originate; to plan; to devise; to contrive; to compose; in a bad sense, to invent or fabricate, as something false.</def>

<blockquote>How many excellent reasonings are <b>framed</b> in the mind of a man of wisdom and study in a length of years.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fit to something else, or for some specific end; to adjust; to regulate; to shape; to conform.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>frame</b> my face to all occasions.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We may in some measure <b>frame</b> our minds for the reception of happiness.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The human mind is <b>framed</b> to be influenced.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cause; to bring about; to produce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Fear <b>frames</b> disorder, and disorder wounds.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To support.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<blockquote>That on a staff his feeble steps did <b>frame</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To provide with a frame, as a picture.</def>

<h1>Frame</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Frame</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shape; to arrange, as the organs of speech.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Judg. xii. 6.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To proceed; to go.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The bauty of this sinful dame
Made many princes thither <b>frame</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frame</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Frame</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything composed of parts fitted and united together; a fabric; a structure; esp., the constructional system, whether of timber or metal, that gives to a building, vessel, etc., its model and strength; the skeleton of a structure.</def>

<blockquote>These are thy glorius works, Parent of good,
Almighty! thine this universal <b>frame</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The bodily structure; physical constitution; make or build of a person.</def>

<blockquote>Some bloody passion shakes your very <b>frame</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No <b>frames</b> could be strong enough to endure it.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of open case or structure made for admitting, inclosing, or supporting things, as that which incloses or contains a window, door, picture, etc.; that on which anything is held or stretched</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The skeleton structure which supports the boiler and machinery of a locomotive upon its wheels</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A molding box or flask, which being filled with sand serves as a mold for castings</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The ribs and stretchers of an umbrella or other structure with a fabric covering</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A structure of four bars, adjustable in size, on which cloth, etc., is stretched for quilting, embroidery, etc.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>A glazed portable structure for protecting young plants from frost</def>. <sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A stand to support the type cases for use by the compositor.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A term applied, especially in England, to certain machines built upon or within framework; <as>as, a stocking <ex>frame</ex>; lace <ex>frame</ex>; spinning <ex>frame</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Form; shape; proportion; scheme; structure; constitution; system; <as>as, a <ex>frame</ex>of government</as>.</def>

<blockquote>She that hath a heart of that fine <b>frame</b>
To pay this debt of love but to a brother.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Put your discourse into some <b>frame</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Particular state or disposition, as of the mind; humor; temper; mood; <as>as, to be always in a happy <ex>frame</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Contrivance; the act of devising or scheming.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>John the bastard
Whose spirits toil in <b>frame</b> of villainies.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Balloon frame</col>, <col>Cant frames</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Balloon</er>, <er>Cant</er>, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Frame</col> <col>building &or; house</col>, <cd>a building of which the form and support is made of framed timbers.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Frame level</col></mcol>, <cd>a mason's level.</cd> -- <col>Frame saw</col>, <cd>a thin saw stretched in a frame to give it rigidity.</cd></cs>

<h1>Framer</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fram"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who frames; <as>as, the <ex>framer</ex> of a building; the <ex>framers</ex> of the Constitution.</as></def>

<h1>Framework</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Frame"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The work of framing, or the completed work; the frame or constructional part of anything; <as>as, the <ex>framework</ex> of society</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A staunch and solid piece of <b>framework</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Work done in, or by means of, a frame or loom.</def>

<h1>Framing</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fram"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act, process, or style of putting together a frame, or of constructing anything; a frame; that which frames.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch. & Engin.)</fld> <def>A framework, or a sy<?/ of frames.</def>

<cs><col>Framing chisel</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a heavy chisel with a socket shank for making mortises.</cd></cs>

<h1>Frampel, Frampoid</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw><hw>Fram"pel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fram"poid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Also written <ets>frampul</ets>, <ets>frampled</ets>, <ets>framfold</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>fframfol</ets> passionate, <ets>ffrom</ets> angry, fretting; or perh. akin to E. <ets>frump</ets>.]</ety> <def>Peevish; cross; vexatious; quarrelsome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Is Pompey grown so malapert, so <b>frampel</b>?
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Franc</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Franc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>franc</ets> a Franc. See <er>Frank</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A silver coin of France, and since 1795 the unit of the French monetary system. It has been adopted by Belgium and Swizerland. It is equivalent to about nineteen cents, or ten pence, and is divided into 100 centimes.</def>

<h1>Franchise</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fran"chise</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>franc</ets>, fem. <ets>franche</ets>, free. See <er>Frank</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exemption from constraint or oppression; freedom; liberty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(LAw)</fld> <def>A particular privilege conferred by grant from a sovereign or a government, and vested in individuals; an imunity or exemption from ordinary jurisdiction; a constitutional or statutory right or privilege, esp. the right to vote.</def>

<blockquote>Election by universal suffrage, as modified by the Constitution, is the one crowning <b>franchise</b> of the American people.
<i>W. H. Seward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The district or jurisdiction to which a particular privilege extends; the limits of an immunity; hence, an asylum or sanctuary.</def>

<blockquote>Churches and mobasteries in Spain are <b>franchises</b> for criminals.
<i>London Encyc.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Magnanimity; generosity; liberality; frankness; nobility.</def> "<i>Franchise</i> in woman." <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Elective franchise</col>, <cd>the privilege or right of voting in an election of public officers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Franchise</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fran"chise</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Franchised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Franchising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>franchir</ets> to free, F., to cross.]</ety> <def>To make free; to enfranchise; to give liberty to.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Franchisement</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fran"chise*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>franchissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Release; deliverance; freedom.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Francic</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fran"cic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Frank</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the Franks, or their language; Frankish.</def>

<h1>Franciscan</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fran*cis"can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>Franciscus</ets> Francis: cf. F. <ets>franciscain</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Order of St. Francis of the Franciscans.</def>

<cs><col>Franciscan Brothers</col>, <cd>pious laymen who devote themselves to useful works, such as manual labor schools, and other educational institutions; -- called also <altname>Brothers of the Third Order of St. Francis</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Franciscan Nuns</col>, <cd>nuns who follow the rule of t. Francis, esp. those of the Second Order of St. Francis, -- called also <altname>Poor Clares</altname> or <altname>Minoresses</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Franciscan Tertiaries</col>, <cd>the Third Order of St. Francis.</cd></cs>

<h1>Franciscan</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fran*cis"can</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>A monk or friar of the Order of St. Francis, a large and zealous order of mendicant monks founded in 1209 by St. Francis of Assisi. They are called also <altname>Friars Minor</altname>; and in England, <altname>Gray Friars</altname>, because they wear a gray habit.</def>

<h1>Francolin</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fran"co*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.; cf. It. <ets>francolino</ets>, Sp. <ets>francolin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spurred partidge of the genus <spn>Francolinus</spn> and allied genera, of Asia and Africa. The common species (<spn>F. vulgaris</spn>) was formerly common in southern Europe, but is now nearly restricted to Asia.</def>

<h1>Francolite</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fran"co*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of apatite from Wheal <ets>Franco</ets> in Devonshire.</def>

<h1>Frangent</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fran"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frangens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>frangere</ets>. See <er>Fraction</er>.]</ety> <def>Causing fracture; breaking.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>H. Walpole.</i>

<h1>Frangibility</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fran`gi*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>frangibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being frangible.</def>

<i>Fox.</i>

<h1>Frangible</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fran"gi*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>frangible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being broken; brittle; fragile; easily broken.</def>

<h1>Frangipane</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fran"gi*pane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>frangipane</ets>; supposed to be called so from the inventor, the Marquis <ets>Frangipani</ets>, major general under Louis XIV.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A perfume of jasmine; frangipani.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A species of pastry, containing cream and almonds.</def>

<h1>Frangipani, Frangipanni</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw><hw>Fran`gi*pan"i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fran`gi*pan"ni</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Another spelling of <ets>frangipane</ets>.]</ety> <def>A perfume derived from, or imitating the odor of, the flower of the red jasmine, a West Indian tree of the genus <spn>Plumeria</spn>.</def>

<h1>Frangulic, Frangulinic</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw><hw>Fran*gu"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fran`gu*lin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or drived from, frangulin, or a species (<spn>Rhamnus Frangula</spn>) of the buckthorn.</def>

<cs><col>Frangulinic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a yellow crystalline substance, resembling alizarin, and obtained by the decomposition of frangulin.</cd></cs>

<h1>Frangulin</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fran"gu*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow crystalline dyestuff, regarded as a glucoside, extracted from a species (<spn>Rhamnus Frangula</spn>) of the buckthorn; -- called also <altname>rhamnoxanthin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Franion</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Fran"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. from F. <ets>fain\'82ant</ets> an idler.]</ety> <def>A paramour; a loose woman; also, a gay, idle fellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Frank</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Frank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>franc</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pigsty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Frank</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Frank</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shut up in a frank or sty; to pen up; hence, to cram; to fatten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Frank</h1>
<Xpage=592>

<hw>Frank</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common heron; -- so called from its note.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="593">
Page 593<p>

<h1>Frank</h1>
<Xpage=593>

<hw>Frank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar</tt> <er>Franker</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Frankest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>franc</ets> free, frank, L. <ets>Francus</ets> a Frank, fr. OHG. <ets>Franko</ets> the name of a Germanic people on the Rhine, who afterward founded the French monarchy; cf. AS. <ets>franca</ets> javelin, Icel. <ets>frakka</ets>. Cf. <er>Franc</er>, <er>French</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Franchise</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Unbounded by restrictions, limitations, etc.; free.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "It is of <i>frank</i> gift."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free in uttering one's real sentiments; not reserved; using no disguise; candid; ingenuous; <as>as, a <ex>frank</ex> nature, conversation, manner, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Liberal; generous; profuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Frank</b> of civilities that cost them nothing.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Unrestrained; loose; licentious; -- used in a bad sense.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Ingenuous; candid; artless; plain; open; unreserved; undisguised; sincere. See <er>Candid</er>, <er>Ingenuous</er>.</syn>

<h1>Frank</h1>
<Xpage=593>

<hw>Frank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Franked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Franking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To send by public conveyance free of expense.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To extempt from charge for postage, as a letter, package, or packet, etc.</def>

<h1>Frank</h1>
<Xpage=593>

<hw>Frank</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Frank</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The privilege of sending letters or other mail matter, free of postage, or without charge; also, the sign, mark, or signature denoting that a letter or other mail matter is to free of postage.</def>
<-- = franking privelege -->

<blockquote>I have said so much, that, if I had not a <b>frank</b>, I must burn my letter and begin again.
<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Frank</h1>
<Xpage=593>

<hw>Frank</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>franc</ets>. See <er>Frank</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A member of one of the German tribes that in the fifth century overran and conquered Gaul, and established the kingdom of France.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of Western Europe; a European; -- a term used in the Levant.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A French coin. See <er>Franc</er>.</def>

<h1>Frankalmoigne</h1>
<Xpage=593>

<hw>Frank`al*moigne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>franc</ets> free + Norm. F. <ets>almoigne</ets> alma, for <ets>almosne</ets>, F. <ets>aum\'93ne</ets>. See <er>Frank</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Almoner</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A tenure by which a religious corporation holds lands given to them and their successors forever, usually on condition of praying for the soul of the donor and his heirs; -- called also <altname>tenure by free alms</altname>.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Frank-chase</h1>
<Xpage=593>

<hw>Frank"-chase`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Frank</ets> free + <ets>chase</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The liberty or franchise of having a chase; free chase.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Frank-fee</h1>
<Xpage=593>

<hw>Frank"-fee`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Frank</ets> free + <ets>fee</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A species of tenure in fee simple, being the opposite of ancient demesne, or copyhold.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Frankfort black</h1>
<Xpage=593>

<hw>Frank"fort black`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A black pigment used in copperplate printing, prepared by burning vine twigs, the lees of wine, etc.</def>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<h1>Frankincense</h1>
<Xpage=593>

<hw>Frank"in*cense</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>franc</ets> free, pure + <ets>encens</ets> incense.]</ety> <def>A fragrant, aromatic resin, or gum resin, burned as an incense in religious rites or for medicinal fumigation. The best kinds now come from East Indian trees, of the genus <spn>Boswellia</spn>; a commoner sort, from the Norway spruce (<spn>Abies excelsa</spn>) and other coniferous trees. The frankincense of the ancient Jews is still unidentified.</def>

<h1>Franking</h1>
<Xpage=593>

<hw>Frank"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A method of forming a joint at the intersection of window-sash bars, by cutting away only enough wood to show a miter.</def>

<h1>Frankish</h1>
<Xpage=593>

<hw>Frank"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like, or pertaining to, the Franks.</def>

<h1>Frank-law</h1>
<Xpage=593>

<hw>Frank"-law`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Frank</ets> free + <ets>law</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The liberty of being sworn in courts, as a juror or witness; one of the ancient privileges of a freeman; free and common law; -- an obsolete expression signifying substantially the same as the American expression <altname>civil rights</altname>.</def>

<i>Abbot.</i>

<h1>Franklin</h1>
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<hw>Frank"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>frankelein</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>franchilanus</ets>. See <er>Frank</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>An English freeholder, or substantial householder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>franklin</b>, a small landholder of those days.
<i>Sir J. Stephen.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Franklinic</h1>
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<hw>Frank*lin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Benjamin Franklin.</def>

<cs><col>Franklinic electricity</col>, <cd>electricity produced by friction; called also <altname>statical electricity</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Franklinite</h1>
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<hw>Frank"lin*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A kind of mineral of the spinel group.</def>

<h1>Franklin stove</h1>
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<hw>Frank"lin stove`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A kind of open stove introduced by Benjamin <ets>Franklin</ets>, the peculiar feature of which was that a current of heated air was directly supplied to the room from an air box; -- now applied to other varieties of open stoves.</def>

<h1>Frankly</h1>
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<hw>Frank"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a frank manner; freely.</def>

<blockquote>Very <b>frankly</b> he confessed his treasons.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Openly; ingenuously; plainly; unreservedly; undisguisedly; sincerely; candidly; artlessly; freely; readily; unhesitatingly; liberally; willingly.</syn>

<h1>Frank-marriage</h1>
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<hw>Frank"-mar"riage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Frank</ets> free + <ets>marriage</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A certain tenure in tail special; an estate of inheritance given to a man his wife (the wife being of the blood of the donor), and descendible to the heirs of their two bodies begotten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Frankness</h1>
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<hw>Frank"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being frank; candor; openess; ingenuousness; fairness; liberality.</def>

<h1>Frankpledge</h1>
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<hw>Frank"pledge`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Frank</ets> free + <ets>pledge</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A pledge or surety for the good behavior of freemen, -- each freeman who was a member of an ancient decennary, tithing, or friborg, in England, being a pledge for the good conduct of the others, for the preservation of the public peace; a free surety</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The tithing itself</def>.

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<blockquote>The servants of the crown were not, as now, bound in <b>frankpledge</b> for each other.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frantic</h1>
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<hw>Fran"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>frentik</ets>, <ets>frenetik</ets>, F. <ets>frentique</ets>, L. <ets>phreneticus</ets>, from Gr. <?/. See <er>Frenzy</er>, and cf. <er>Frenetic</er>, <er>Phrenetic</er>.]</ety> <def>Mad; raving; furious; violent; wild and disorderly; distracted.</def>

<blockquote>Die, <b>frantic</b> wretch, for this accursed deed!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Torrents of <b>frantic</b> abuse.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fran"tic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fran"tic*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Shak.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fran"tic*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Frap</h1>
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<hw>Frap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Frapped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Frapping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>frapper</ets> to strike, to seize ropes. Cf. <er>Affrap</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To draw together; to bind with a view to secure and strengthen, as a vessel by passing cables around it; to tighten; as a tackle by drawing the lines together.</def>

<i>Tottem.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To brace by drawing together, as the cords of a drum.</def>

<i>Knoght.</i>

<h1>Frape</h1>
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<hw>Frape</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>frap</ets>, and Prov. E. <ets>frape</ets> to scold.]</ety> <def>A crowd, a rabble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>ares.</i>

<h1>Frapler</h1>
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<hw>Frap"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A blusterer; a rowdy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Unpolished, a <b>frapler</b>, and base.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frater</h1>
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<hw>Fra"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a brother.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A monk; also, a frater house.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<cs><col>Frater house</col>, <cd>an apartament in a convent used as an eating room; a refectory; -- called also a <altname>fratery</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fraternal</h1>
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<hw>Fra*ter"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[F. <ets>fraternel</ets>, LL. <ets>fraternalis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fraternus</ets>, fr. <ets>frater</ets> brother. See <er>Brother</er>.]</ety> <def>Pf, pertaining to, or involving, brethren; becoming to brothers; brotherly; <as>as, <ex>fraternal</ex> affection; a <ex>fraternal</ex> embrace.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fra*ter"nal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>An abhorred, a cursed, a <b>fraternal</b> war.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Fraternal</b> love and friendship.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fraternate</h1>
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<hw>Fra*ter"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fraternize; to hold fellowship.</def>

<i>Jefferson.</i>

<h1>Fraternation, Fraternism</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fra`ter*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fra"ter*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fraternization.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jefferson.</i>

<h1>Fraternity</h1>
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<hw>Fra*ter"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fraternities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>fraternit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>fraternitas</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being fraternal or brotherly; brotherhood.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A body of men associated for their common interest, business, or pleasure; a company; a brotherhood; a society; in the Roman Catholic Chucrch, an association for special religious purposes, for relieving the sick and destitute, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Men of the same class, profession, occupation, character, or tastes.</def>

<blockquote>With what terms of respect knaves and sots will speak of their own <b>fraternity</b>!
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fraternization</h1>
<Xpage=593>

<hw>Fra`ter*ni*za"tion</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of fraternizing or uniting as brothers.</def>

<blockquote>I hope that no French <b>fraternization</b> . . . could so change the hearts of Englishmen.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fraternize</h1>
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<hw>Fra"ter*nize</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fraternized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt>. <er>Fraternizing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fraterniser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To associate or hold fellowship as brothers, or as men of like occupation or character; to have brotherly feelings.</def>

<h1>Fraternize</h1>
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<hw>Fra"ter*nize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bring into fellowship or brotherly sympathy.</def>

<blockquote>Correspondence for <b>fraternizing</b> the two nations.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fraternizer</h1>
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<hw>Frat"er*ni`zer</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fraternizes.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Fratery</h1>
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<hw>Fra"ter*y</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frater</ets> brother: cf. It. <ets>frateria</ets> a brotherhood of monks. See <er>Friar</er>.]</ety> <def>A frater house. See under <er>Frater</er>.</def>

<-- Frat house.  Short for fraternity house, a building owned by a college fraternity in which members may live. -->

<h1>Fratrage</h1>
<Xpage=593>

<hw>Fra"trage</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frater</ets> a brother.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A sharing among brothers, or brothers' kin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Fratricelli</h1>
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<hw>Fra`tri*cel"li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>fraticelli</ets>, lit., little brothers, dim. fr. <ets>frate</ets> brother, L. <ets>frater</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The name which St. Francis of Assisi gave to his followers, early in the 13th century.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A sect which seceded from the Franciscan Order, chiefly in Italy and Sicily, in 1294, repudiating the pope as an apostate, maintaining the duty of celibacy and poverty, and discountenancing oaths. Called also <altname>Fratricellians</altname> and <altname>Fraticelli</altname>.</def>

<h1>Fratricidal</h1>
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<hw>Frat"ri*ci`dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to fratricide; of the nature of fratricide.</def>

<h1>Fratricide</h1>
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<hw>Frat"ri*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fratricidium</ets> a brother's murder, fr. <ets>fratricida</ets> a brother's murderer; <ets>frater</ets>, <ets>fratris</ets>, brother + <ets>caedere</ets> to kill: cf. F. <ets>fratricide</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who murders or kills his own brother.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[L. <ets>fratricida</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fratricide</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who murders or kills his own brother.</def>

<h1>Fraud</h1>
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<hw>Fraud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fraude</ets>, L. <ets>fraus</ets>, <ets>fraudis</ets>; prob. akin to Skr. <ets>dh<?/rv</ets> to injure, <ets>dhv<?/</ets> to cause to fall, and E. <ets>dull</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Deception deliberately practiced with a view to gaining an unlawful or unfair advantage; artifice by which the right or interest of another is injured; injurious stratagem; deceit; trick.</def>

<blockquote>If success a lover's toil attends,
Few ask, if <b>fraud</b> or force attained his ends.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An intentional perversion of truth for the purpose of obtaining some valuable thing or promise from another.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A trap or snare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To draw the proud King Ahab into <b>fraud</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Constructive fraud</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an act, statement, or omission which operates as a fraud, although perhaps not intended to be such.</cd> <i>Mozley & W.</i> -- <col>Pious fraud</col> <fld>(Ch. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a fraud contrived and executed to benefit the church or accomplish some good end, upon the theory that the end justified the means.</cd> -- <col>Statute of frauds</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an English statute (1676), the principle of which is incorporated in the legislation of all the States of this country, by which writing with specific solemnities (varying in the several statutes) is required to give efficacy to certain dispositions of property.</cd></cs>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Deception; deceit; guile; craft; wile; sham; strife; circumvention; stratagem; trick; imposition; cheat. See <er>Deception</er>.</syn>

<h1>Fraudful</h1>
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<hw>Fraud"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of fraud, deceit, or treachery; trickish; treacherous; fraudulent; -- applied to persons or things.</def>

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fraud"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fraudless</h1>
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<hw>Fraud"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from fraud.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fraud"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fraud"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fraudulence; 135, Fraudulency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fraud"u*lence</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <hw>Fraud"u*len*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fraudulentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being fraudulent; deliberate deceit; trickishness.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Fraudulent</h1>
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<hw>Fraud"u*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fraudulentus</ets>, fr. <ets>fraus</ets>, <ets>fraudis</ets>, frand: cf. F. <ets>fraudulent</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Using fraud; trickly; deceitful; dishonest.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by,, founded on, or proceeding from, fraund; <as>as, a <ex>fraudulent</ex> bargain</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He, with serpent tongue, . . .
His <b>fraudulent</b> temptation thus began.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Obtained or performed by artifice; <as>as, <ex>fraudulent</ex> conquest</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Deceitful; fraudful; guileful; crafty; wily; cunning; subtle; deceiving; cheating; deceptive; insidious; treacherous; dishonest; designing; unfair.</syn>

<h1>Frauulently</h1>
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<hw>Frau"u*lent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fraudulent manner.</def>

<h1>Fraught</h1>
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<hw>Fraught</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.<ets>fraight</ets>, <ets>fraght</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>fragt</ets>, Sw. <ets>frakt</ets>, D. <ets>vracht</ets>, G. <ets>fracht</ets>, cf. OHG. <ets>fr<?/ht</ets> merit, reward; perh. from corresponding to E. <ets>for</ets> + The root of E. <ets>own</ets>. Cf. <er>Freight</er>.]</ety> <def>A freight; a cargo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fraught</h1>
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<hw>Fraught</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Freighted; laden; filled; stored; charged.</def>

<blockquote>A vessel of our country richly <b>fraught</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A discourse <b>fraught</b> with all the commending excellences o<?/speech.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Enterprises <b>fraught</b> with world-wide benefits.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fraught</h1>
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<hw>Fraught</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fraughted</er> or <er>Fraught</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fraughting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to Dan. <ets>fragte</ets>, Sw. <ets>frakta</ets>, D. <ets>bevrachten</ets>, G. <ets>frachten</ets>, cf. OHG. <ets>fr&emac;ht&omac;n</ets> to deserve. See <er>Fraught</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To freight; to load; to burden; to fill; to crowd.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Upon the tumbling billows <b>fraughted</b> ride
The armed ships.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fraughtage</h1>
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<hw>Fraught"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Freight; loading; cargo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fraughting</h1>
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<hw>Fraught"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Constituting the freight or cargo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>fraughting</i> souls within her."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fraunhofer lines</h1>
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<hw>Fraun"ho*fer lines`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Physics.)</fld> <def>The lines of the spectrun; especially and properly, the dark lines of the solar spectrum, so called because first accurately observed and interpreted by <i>Fraunhofer</i>, a German physicist.</def>

<h1>Fraxin</h1>
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<hw>Frax"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fraxinus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside, and found in the bark of the ash (<spn>Fraxinus</spn>) and along with esculin in the bark of the horse-chestnut. It shows a delicate fluorescence in alkaline solutions; -- called also <altname>paviin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Fraxinus</h1>
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<hw>Frax"i*nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the ash tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of deciduous forest trees, found in the north temperate zone, and including the true ash trees.</def>

<note>&hand; <spn>Fraxinus excelsior</spn> is the European ash; <spn>F. Americana</spn>, the white ash; <spn>F. sambucifolia</spn>, the black ash or water ash.</note>

<h1>Fray</h1>
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<hw>Fray</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbreviated from <ets>affray</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affray; broil; contest; combat.</def>

<blockquote>Who began this bloody <b>fray</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fray</h1>
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<hw>Fray</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Frayed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fraying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See 1st <er>Fray</er>, and cf. <er>Affray</er>.]</ety> <def>To frighten; to terrify; to alarm.</def>

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>What <b>frays</b> ye, that were wont to comfort me affrayed?
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fray</h1>
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<hw>Fray</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>fraier</ets>. See <er>Defray</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To bear the expense of; to defray.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The charge of my most curious and costly ingredients <b>frayed</b>, I shall acknowledge myself amply satisfied.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fray</h1>
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<hw>Fray</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>freier</ets>, <ets>fraier</ets>, <ets>froier</ets>, to rub. L. <ets>fricare</ets>; cf. <ets>friare</ets> to crumble, E. <ets>friable</ets>; perh. akin to Gr. <?/ to anoint, <?/ an anointing, Skr. <ets>gh<?/sh</ets> to rub, scratch. Cf. <er>Friction</er>.]</ety> <def>To rub; to wear off, or wear into shreds, by rubbing; to fret, as cloth; <as>as, a deer is said to <ex>fray</ex> her head</as>.</def>

<h1>Fray</h1>
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<hw>Fray</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rub.</def>

<blockquote>We can show the marks he made
When 'gainst the oak his antlers <b>frayed</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wear out or into shreads, or to suffer injury by rubbing, as when the threads of the warp or of the woof wear off so that the cross threads are loose; to ravel; <as>as, the cloth <ex>frays</ex> badly</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A suit of <b>frayed</b> magnificience.
<i>tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fray</h1>
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<hw>Fray</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fret or chafe, as in cloth; a place injured by rubbing.</def>

<h1>Fraying</h1>
<Xpage=593>

<hw>Fray"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The skin which a deer frays from his horns.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Freak</h1>
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<hw>Freak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Freaked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Freaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to OE. <ets>frakin</ets>, <ets>freken</ets>, freckle, Icel. <ets>freknur</ets>, pl., Sw. <ets>fr\'84kne</ets>, Dan. <ets>fregne</ets>, Gr. <?/ dark-colored, Skr. <ets>p&rsdot;&cced;ni</ets> variegated. Cf. <er>Freckle</er>, <er>Freck</er>.]</ety> <def>To variegate; to checker; to streak.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Freaked</b> with many a mingled hue.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Freak</h1>
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<hw>Freak</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from OE. <ets>frek</ets> bold, AS. <ets>frec</ets> bold, greedly; akin to OHG. <ets>freh</ets> greedly, G. <ets>frech</ets> insolent, Icel. <ets>frekr</ets> greedly, Goth. <ets>fa\'a1hufriks</ets> avaricious.]</ety> <def>A sudden causeless change or turn of the mind; a whim of fancy; a capricious prank; a vagary or caprice.</def>

<blockquote>She is restless and peevish, and sometimes in a <b>freak</b> will instantly change her habitation.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Whim; caprice; folly; sport. See <er>Whim</er>.</syn>

<h1>Freaking</h1>
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<hw>Freak"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Freakish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pepys.</i>

<h1>Freakish</h1>
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<hw>Freak"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Apt to change the mind suddenly; whimsical; capricious.</def>

<blockquote>It may be a question whether the wife or the woman was the more <b>freakish</b> of the two.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Freakish</b> when well, and fretful when she's sick.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Freak"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Freak"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Freck</h1>
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<hw>Freck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Freak</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Freckle</er>.]</ety> <def>To checker; to diversify.</def> <mark>[R. & Poet.]</mark>

<blockquote>The painted windows, <b>frecking</b> gloom with glow.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Freckle</h1>
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<hw>Freck"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim., from the same root as <ets>freak</ets>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small yellowish or brownish spot in the skin, particularly on the face, neck, or hands.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any small spot or discoloration.</def>

<h1>Freckle</h1>
<Xpage=593>

<hw>Frec"kle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Freckled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Freckling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To spinkle or mark with freckle or small discolored spots; to spot.</def>

<hr>
<page="594">
Page 594<p>

<h1>Freckle</h1>
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<hw>Frec"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become covered or marked with freckles; to be spotted.</def>

<h1>Frackled</h1>
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<hw>Frac"kled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marked with freckles; spotted.</def> "The <i>freckled</i> trout."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>freckled</b> cowslip, burnet, and green clover.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Freckledness</h1>
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<hw>Frec"kled*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being freckled.</def>

<h1>Freckly</h1>
<Xpage=594>

<hw>Frec"kly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of or marked with freckles; sprinkled with spots; freckled.</def>

<h1>Fred</h1>
<Xpage=594>

<hw>Fred</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fri<?/</ets> peace. See <er>Frith</er> inclosure.]</ety> <def>Peace; -- a word used in composition, especially in proper names; <as>as, Al<ex>fred</ex>; <ex>Fred</ex>eric.</as></def>

<h1>Fredstole</h1>
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<hw>Fred"stole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Fridstol</er>.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Free</h1>
<Xpage=594>

<hw>Free</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Freer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Freest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fre</ets>, <ets>freo</ets>, AS. <ets>fre\'a2</ets>, <ets>fr\'c6</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vrij</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>fr\'c6</ets>, G. <ets>frei</ets>, Icel. <ets>fr\'c6</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>fri</ets>, Goth. <ets>freis</ets>, and also to Skr. <ets>prija</ets> beloved, dear, fr. <ets>pr\'c6</ets> to love, Goth. <ets>frij<?/n</ets>. Cf. <er>Affray</er>, <er>Belfry</er>, <er>Friday</er>, <er>Friend</er>, <er>Frith</er> inclosure.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exempt from subjection to the will of others; not under restraint, control, or compulsion; able to follow one's own impulses, desires, or inclinations; determining one's own course of action; not dependent; at liberty.</def>

<blockquote>That which has the power, or not the power, to operate, is that alone which is or is not <b>free</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not under an arbitrary or despotic government; subject only to fixed laws regularly and fairly administered, and defended by them from encroachments upon natural or acquired rights; enjoying political liberty.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Liberated, by arriving at a certain age, from the control of parents, guardian, or master.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not confined or imprisoned; released from arrest; liberated; at liberty to go.</def>

<blockquote>Set an unhappy prisoner <b>free</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Not subjected to the laws of physical necessity; capable of voluntary activity; endowed with moral liberty; -- said of the will.</def>

<blockquote>Not <b>free</b>, what proof could they have given sincere
Of true allegiance, constant faith, or love.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Clear of offense or crime; guiltless; innocent.</def>

<blockquote>My hands are guilty, but my heart is <b>free</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Unconstrained by timidity or distrust; unreserved; ingenuous; frank; familiar; communicative.</def>

<blockquote>He was <b>free</b> only with a few.
<i>Milward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Unrestrained; immoderate; lavish; licentious; -- used in a bad sense.</def>

<blockquote>The critics have been very <b>free</b> in their censures.
<i>Felton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A man may live a <b>free</b> life as to wine or women.
<i>Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Not close or parsimonious; liberal; open-handed; lavish; <as>as, <ex>free</ex> with his money</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Exempt; clear; released; liberated; not encumbered or troubled with; <as>as, <ex>free</ex> from pain; <ex>free</ex> from a burden</as>; -- followed by <i>from</i>, or, rarely, by <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Princes declaring themselves <b>free</b> from the obligations of their treaties.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Characteristic of one acting without restraint; charming; easy.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>Ready; eager; acting without spurring or whipping; spirited; <as>as, a <ex>free</ex> horse</as>.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>Invested with a particular freedom or franchise; enjoying certain immunities or privileges; admitted to special rights; -- followed by <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He therefore makes all birds, of every sect,
<b>Free</b> of his farm.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>14.</b> <def>Thrown open, or made accessible, to all; to be enjoyed without limitations; unrestricted; not obstructed, engrossed, or appropriated; open; -- said of a thing to be possessed or enjoyed; <as>as, a <ex>free</ex> school</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Why, sir, I pray, are not the streets as <b>free</b>
For me as for you?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>15.</b> <def>Not gained by importunity or purchase; gratuitous; spontaneous; <as>as, <ex>free</ex> admission; a <ex>free</ex> gift.</as></def>

<p><b>16.</b> <def>Not arbitrary or despotic; assuring liberty; defending individual rights against encroachment by any person or class; instituted by a free people; -- said of a government, institutions, etc.</def>

<p><b>17.</b> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Certain or honorable; the opposite of <i>base</i>; <as>as, <ex>free</ex> service; <ex>free</ex> socage.</as></def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>18.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Privileged or individual; the opposite of <i>common</i>; <as>as, a <ex>free</ex> fishery; a <ex>free</ex> warren.</as></def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>19.</b> <def>Not united or combined with anything else; separated; dissevered; unattached; at liberty to escape; <as>as, <ex>free</ex> carbonic acid gas; <ex>free</ex> cells.</as></def>

<cs><col>Free agency</col>, <cd>the capacity or power of choosing or acting freely, or without necessity or constraint upon the will.</cd> -- <col>Free bench</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a widow's right in the copyhold lands of her husband, corresponding to <i>dower<i> in freeholds.</cd> -- <col>Free board</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a vessel's side between water line and gunwale.</cd> -- <col>Free bond</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an unsaturated or unemployed unit, or bond, of affinity or valence, of an atom or radical.</cd> -- <col>Free-borough men</col> <fld>(O.Eng. Law)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Friborg</er>.</cd> -- <col>Free chapel</col> <fld>(Eccles.)</fld>, <cd>a chapel not subject to the jurisdiction of the ordinary, having been founded by the king or by a subject specially authorized.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <i>Bouvier.</i> -- <col>Free charge</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a charge of electricity in the free or statical condition; free electricity.</cd> -- <col>Free church</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A church whose sittings are for all and without charge.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An ecclesiastical body that left the Church of Scotland, in 1843, to be free from control by the government in spiritual matters.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Free city</col>, &or; <col>Free town</col></mcol>, <cd>a city or town independent in its government and franchises, as formerly those of the Hanseatic league.</cd> -- <col>Free cost</col>, <cd>freedom from charges or expenses.</cd> <i>South.</i> -- <col>Free and easy</col>, <cd>unconventional; unrestrained; regardless of formalities.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "Sal and her <i>free and easy<i> ways." <i>W. Black.</i> -- <col>Free goods</col>, <cd>goods admitted into a country free of duty.</cd> -- <col>Free labor</col>, <cd>the labor of freemen, as distinguished from that of slaves.</cd> -- <col>Free port</col>. <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A port where goods may be received and shipped free of custom duty.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A port where goods of all kinds are received from ships of all nations at equal rates of duty.</cd> -- <col>Free public house</col>, <cd>in England, a tavern not belonging to a brewer, so that the landlord is free to brew his own beer or purchase where he chooses.</cd> <i>Simmonds.</i> -- <col>Free school</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A school to which pupils are admitted without discrimination and on an equal footing.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A school supported by general taxation, by endowmants, etc., where pupils pay nothing for tuition; a public school.</cd> -- <col>Free services</col> <fld>(O.Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>such feudal services as were not unbecoming the character of a soldier or a freemen to perform; as, to serve under his lord in war, to pay a sum of money, etc.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i> -- <col>Free ships</col>, <cd>ships of neutral nations, which in time of war are free from capture even though carrying enemy's goods.</cd> -- <col>Free socage</col> <fld>(O.Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a feudal tenure held by certain services which, though honorable, were not military.</cd> <i>Abbott.</i> -- <col>Free States</col>, <cd>those of the United States before the Civil War, in which slavery had ceased to exist, or had never existed.</cd> -- <col>Free stuff</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>timber free from knots; clear stuff.</cd> -- <col>Free thought</col>, <cd>that which is thought independently of the authority of others.</cd> -- <col>Free trade</col>, <cd>commerce unrestricted by duties or tariff regulations.</cd> -- <col>Free trader</col>, <cd>one who believes in free trade.</cd> -- <col>To make free with</col>, <cd>to take liberties with; to help one's self to.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To sail free</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to sail with the yards not braced in as sharp as when sailing closehauled, or close to the wind.</cd></cs>

<h1>Free</h1>
<Xpage=594>

<hw>Free</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Freely; willingly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I as <b>free</b> forgive you
As I would be forgiven.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without charge; <as>as, children admitted <ex>free</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Free</h1>
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<hw>Free</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Freed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Freeing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>freen</ets>, <ets>freoien</ets>, AS. <ets>fre\'a2gan</ets>. See <er>Free</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make free; to set at liberty; to rid of that which confines, limits, embarrasses, oppresses, etc.; to release; to disengage; to clear; -- followed by <i>from</i>, and sometimes by <i>off</i>; <as>as, to <ex>free</ex> a captive or a slave; to be <ex>freed</ex> of these inconveniences.</as></def>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<blockquote>Our land is from the rage of tigers <b>freed</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Arise, . . . <b>free</b> thy people from their yoke.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To remove, as something that confines or bars; to relieve from the constraint of.</def>

<blockquote>This master key
<b>Frees</b> every lock, and leads us to his person.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To frank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Freebooter</h1>
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<hw>Free"boot`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>vrijbuiter</ets>, fr. <ets>vrijbuiten</ets> to plunder; <ets>vrij</ets> free + <ets>buit</ets> booty, akin to E. <ets>booty</ets>. See <er>Free</er>, and <er>Booty</er>, and cf. <er>Filibuster</er>.]</ety> <def>One who plunders or pillages without the authority of national warfare; a member of a predatory band; a pillager; a buccaneer; a sea robber.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Freebootery</h1>
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<hw>Free"boot`er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act, practice, or gains of a freebooter; freebooting.</def>

<i>Booth.</i>

<h1>Freebooting</h1>
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<hw>Free"boot`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Robbery; plunder; a pillaging.</def>

<h1>Freebooting</h1>
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<hw>Free"boot`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Acting the freebooter; practicing freebootery; robbing.</def>

<blockquote>Your <b>freebooting</b> acquaintance.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Freebooty</h1>
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<hw>Free"boot`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Freebootery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Freeborn</h1>
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<hw>Free"born`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Born free; not born in vasssalage; inheriting freedom.</def>

<h1>Free-denizen</h1>
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<hw>Free"-den`i*zen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make free.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Freedman</h1>
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<hw>Freed"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Freedmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man who has been a slave, and has been set free.</def>

<h1>Freedom</h1>
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<hw>Free"dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fre\'a2d<?/m</ets>; <ets>fre\'a2</ets>free + <ets>-dom</ets>. See <er>Free</er>, and <er>-dom</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being free; exemption from the power and control of another; liberty; independence.</def>

<blockquote>Made captive, yet deserving <b>freedom</b> more.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Privileges; franchises; immunities.</def>

<blockquote>Your charter and your caty's <b>freedom</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Exemption from necessity, in choise and action; <as>as, the <ex>freedom</ex> of the will</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Ease; facility; <as>as, he speaks or acts with <ex>freedom</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Frankness; openness; unreservedness.</def>

<blockquote>I emboldened spake and <b>freedom</b> used.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Improper familiarity; violation of the rules of decorum; license.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Generosity; liberality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Freedom fine</col>, <cd>a sum paid on entry to incorporations of trades.</cd> -- <col>Freedom of the city</col>, <cd>the possession of the rights and privileges of a freeman of the city; formerly often, and now occasionally, conferred on one not a resident, as a mark of honorary distinction for public services.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Liberty</er>.</syn>

<h1>Freedstool</h1>
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<hw>Freed"stool`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Fridstol</er>.</def>

<h1>Free-hand</h1>
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<hw>Free"-hand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Done by the hand, without support, or the guidance of instruments; <as>as, <ex>free-hand</ex> drawing</as>. See under <er>Drawing</er>.</def>

<h1>Free-handed</h1>
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<hw>Free"-hand`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Open-handed; liberal.</def>

<h1>Free-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Free"-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Open; frank; unreserved; liberal; generous; <as>as, <ex>free-hearted</ex> mirth</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Free"-heart`ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Free"-heart`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Freehold</h1>
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<hw>Free"hold`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(LAw)</fld> <def>An estate in real property, of inheritance (in fee simple or fee tail) or for life; or the tenure by which such estate is held.</def>

<i>Kent. Burrill.</i>

<cs><col>To abate into a freehold</col>. <cd>See under <er>Abate</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Freeholder</h1>
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<hw>Free"hold`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The possessor of a freehold.</def>

<h1>Free-liver</h1>
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<hw>Free"-liv`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gratifies his appetites without stint; one given to indulgence in eating and drinking.</def>

<h1>Free-living</h1>
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<hw>Free"-liv`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Unrestrained indulgence of the appetites.</def>

<h1>Free-love</h1>
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<hw>Free"-love`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine or practice of consorting with the opposite sex, at pleasure, without marriage.</def>

<h1>Free-lover</h1>
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<hw>Free"-lov`er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes in or practices free-love.</def>

<h1>Freelte</h1>
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<hw>Freel"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Frailty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Freely</h1>
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<hw>Free"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fre\'a2lice</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a free manner; without restraint or compulsion; abundantly; gratuitously.</def>

<blockquote>Of every tree of the garden thou mayst <b>freely</b> eat.
<i>Gen. ii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Freely</b> ye have received, <b>freely</b> give.
<i>Matt. x. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Freely</b> they stood who stood, and fell who fell.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Freely</b> we serve
Because we <b>freely</b> love.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Independently; voluntarily; spontaneously; unconditionally; unobstructedly; willingly; readily; liberally; generously; bounteously; munificently; bountifully; abundantly; largely; copiously; plentifully; plenteously.</syn>

<h1>Freeman</h1>
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<hw>Free"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Freemen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>fre\'a2man</ets>; <ets>fre\'a2</ets>free + <ets>mann</ets> man.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who enjoys liberty, or who is not subject to the will of another; one not a slave or vassal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of a corporation, company, or city, possessing certain privileges; a member of a borough, town, or State, who has the right to vote at elections. See <er>Liveryman</er>.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<blockquote>Both having been made <b>freemen</b> on the same day.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Free-martin</h1>
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<hw>Free"-mar`tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An imperfect female calf, twinborn with a male.</def>

<h1>Freemason</h1>
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<hw>Free"ma`son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of an ancient and secret association or fraternity, said to have been at first composed of masons or builders in stone, but now consisting of persons who are united for social enjoyment and mutual assistance.</def>

<h1>Freemasonic</h1>
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<hw>Free`ma*son"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the institutions or the practices of freemasons; <as>as, a <ex>freemasonic</ex> signal</as>.</def>

<h1>Freemasonry</h1>
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<hw>Free"ma`son*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The institutions or the practices of freemasons.</def>

<h1>Free-milling</h1>
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<hw>Free"-mill`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Yielding free gold or silver; -- said of certain ores which can be reduced by crushing and amalgamation, without roasting or other chemical treatment.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Free-minded</h1>
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<hw>Free"-mind`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not perplexed; having a mind free from care.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Freeness</h1>
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<hw>Free"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being free; freedom; liberty; openness; liberality; gratuitousness.</def>

<h1>Freer</h1>
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<hw>Fre"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who frees, or sets free.</def>

<h1>Free-soil</h1>
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<hw>Free"-soil`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or advocating, the non-extension of slavery; -- esp. applied to a party which was active during the period 1846-1856.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Free"soil`er</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <wf>Free"-soil`ism</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[U.S.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Free-spoken</h1>
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<hw>Free"-spo`ken</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Accustomed to speak without reserve.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Free"-spo`ken-ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Freestone</h1>
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<hw>Free"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stone composed of sand or grit; -- so called because it is easily cut or wrought.</def>

<h1>Freestone</h1>
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<hw>Free"stone`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the flesh readily separating from the stone, as in certain kinds of peaches.</def>

<h1>Free-swimming</h1>
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<hw>Free"-swim`ming</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Swimming in the open sea; -- said of certain marine animals.</def>

<h1>Freethinker</h1>
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<hw>Free"think`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who speculates or forms opinions independently of the authority of others; esp., in the sphere or religion, one who forms opinions independently of the authority of revelation or of the church; an unbeliever; -- a term assumed by deists and skeptics in the eighteenth century.</def>

<blockquote>Atheist is an old-fashioned word: I'm a <b>freethinker</b>, child.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Infidel; skeptic; unbeliever. See <er>Infidel</er>.</syn>

<h1>Freethinking</h1>
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<hw>Free"think`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Undue boldness of speculation; unbelief.</def> <i>Berkeley.</i>
-- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Exhibiting undue boldness of speculation; skeptical.</def></def2>

<h1>Free-tongued</h1>
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<hw>Free"-tongued`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Speaking without reserve.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Free will</h1>
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<hw>Free will</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A will free from improper coercion or restraint.</def>

<blockquote>To come thus was I not constrained, but did
On my <b>free will</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The power asserted of moral beings of willing or choosing without the restraints of physical or absolute necessity.</def>

<h1>Freewill</h1>
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<hw>Free"will`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to free will; voluntary; spontaneous; <as>as, a <ex>freewill</ex> offering</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Frewill Baptists</col>. <cd>See under <er>Baptist</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Freezable</h1>
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<hw>Freez"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being frozen.</def>

<h1>Freeze</h1>
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<hw>Freeze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A frieze.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Freeze</h1>
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<hw>Freeze</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Froze</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Frozen</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Freezing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fresen</ets>, <ets>freosen</ets>, AS. <ets>fre\'a2san</ets>; akin to D. <ets>vriezen</ets>, OHG. <ets>iosan</ets>, G. <ets>frieren</ets>, Icel. <ets>frjsa</ets>, Sw. <ets>frysa</ets>, Dan. <ets>fryse</ets>, Goth. <ets>frius</ets> cold, frost, and prob. to L. <ets>prurire</ets> to itch, E. <ets>prurient</ets>, cf. L. <ets>prna</ets> a burning coal, <ets>pruina</ets> hoarfrost, Skr. <ets>prushv\'be</ets> ice, <ets>prush</ets> to spirt. <?/ 18. Cf. <er>Frost</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become congealed by cold; to be changed from a liquid to a solid state by the abstraction of heat; to be hardened into ice or a like solid body.</def>

<note>&hand; Water <i>freezes</i> at 32&deg; above zero by Fahrenheit's thermometer; mercury <i>freezes</i> at 40&deg; below zero.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To become chilled with cold, or as with cold; to suffer loss of animation or life by lack of heat; <as>as, the blood <ex>freezes</ex> in the veins</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To freeze up</col> (<mark>Fig<mark>.), <cd>to become formal and cold in demeanor. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Freeze</h1>
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<hw>Freeze</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To congeal; to harden into ice; to convert from a fluid to a solid form by cold, or abstraction of heat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause loss of animation or life in, from lack of heat; to give the sensation of cold to; to chill.</def>

<blockquote>A faint, cold fear runs through my veins,
That almost <b>freezes</b> up the heat of life.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Freeze</h1>
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<hw>Freeze</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of congealing, or the state of being congealed.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Freezer</h1>
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<hw>Freez"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, cools or freezes, as a refrigerator, or the tub and can used in the process of freezing ice cream.</def>

<h1>Freezing</h1>
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<hw>Freez"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to freeze; for freezing; hence, cold or distant in manner.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Frrez"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Freezing machine</col>. <cd>See <cref>Ice machine</cref>, under <er>Ice</er>.</cd> -- <col>Freezing mixture</col>, <cd>a mixture (of salt and snow or of chemical salts) for producing intense cold.</cd> -- <col>Freezing point</col>, <cd>that degree of a thermometer at which a fluid begins to freeze; -- applied particularly to water, whose <ex>freezing point<ex> is at 32&deg; Fahr., and at 0&deg; Centigrade.</cd></cs>

<h1>Freieslebenite</h1>
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<hw>Frei"es*le`ben*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after the German chemist <ets>Freiesleben</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sulphide of antimony, lead, and silver, occuring in monoclinic crystals.</def>

<h1>Freight</h1>
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<hw>Freight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fret</ets>, OHG. <ets>fr<?/ht</ets> merit, reward. See <er>Fraught</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That with which anything in fraught or laden for transportation; lading; cargo, especially of a ship, or a car on a railroad, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>freight</ex> of cotton; a full <ex>freight</ex>.</as></def>

<hr>
<page="595">
Page 595<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The sum paid by a party hiring a ship or part of a ship for the use of what is thus hired.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The price paid a common carrier for the carriage of goods.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Freight transportation, or freight line.</def>

<h1>Freight</h1>
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<hw>Freight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Employed in the transportation of freight; having to do with freight; <as>as, a <ex>freight</ex> car</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Freight agent</col>, <cd>a person employed by a transportation company to receive, forward, or deliver goods.</cd> -- <col>Freight car</col>. <cd>See under <er>Car</er>.</cd> -- <col>Freight train</col>, <cd>a railroad train made up of freight cars; -- called in England <i>goods train</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Freight</h1>
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<hw>Freight</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Freighted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Freighting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>freter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To load with goods, as a ship, or vehicle of any kind, for transporting them from one place to another; to furnish with freight; <as>as, to <ex>freight</ex> a ship; to <ex>freight</ex> a car.</as></def>

<h1>Freightage</h1>
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<hw>Freight"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Charge for transportation; expense of carriage.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The transportation of freight.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Freight; cargo; lading. Milton.</def>

<h1>Freighter</h1>
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<hw>Freight"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who loads a ship, or one who charters and loads a ship.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One employed in receiving and forwarding freight.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One for whom freight is transported.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A vessel used mainly to carry freight.</def>

<h1>Freightless</h1>
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<hw>Freight"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of freight.</def>

<h1>Frelte</h1>
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<hw>Frel"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Frailty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fremd, Fremed</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fremd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Frem"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE., from AS. <ets>fremede</ets>, <ets>fremde</ets>; akin to G. <ets>fremd</ets>.]</ety> <def>Strange; foreign.</def> <mark>[Old Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fren</h1>
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<hw>Fren</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>frenne</ets>, contr. fr. <ets>forrene</ets> foreign. See <er>Foreign</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A stranger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>French</h1>
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<hw>French</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>frencisc</ets>, LL. <ets>franciscus</ets>, from L. <ets>Francus</ets> a Frank: cf. OF. <ets>franceis</ets>, <ets>franchois</ets>, <ets>fran<?/ois</ets>, F. fran<?/ais. See <er>Frank</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Frankish</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to France or its inhabitants.</def>

<cs> <col>French bean</col> (<fld>Bot</fld>.), <cd>the common kidney bean (<spn>Phaseolus vulgaris</spn>).</cd> -- <col>French berry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the berry of a species of buckthorn (<spn>Rhamnus catharticus</spn>), which affords a saffron, green or purple pigment.</cd> -- <col>French casement</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>French window</cref>, under <er>Window</er>.</cd> -- <col>French chalk</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of granular talc; -- used for drawing lines on cloth, etc. See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>French cowslip</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>The <spn>Primula Auricula</spn>. See <er>Bear's-ear</er>.</cd> -- <col>French fake</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a mode of coiling a rope by running it backward and forward in parallel bends, so that it may run freely.</cd> -- <col>French honeysuckle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Hedysarum</spn> (<spn>H. coronarium</spn>); -- called also <altname>garland honeysuckle</altname>.</cd> -- <col>French horn</col>, <cd>a metallic wind instrument, consisting of a long tube twisted into circular folds and gradually expanding from the mouthpiece to the end at which the sound issues; -- called in France <altname>cor de chasse</altname>.</cd> -- <col>French leave</col>, <cd>an informal, hasty, or secret departure; esp., the leaving a place without paying one's debts.</cd> -- <col>French pie</col> <ety>[<ets>French</ets> (here used in sense of "foreign") + <ets>pie</ets> a magpie (in allusion to its black and white color)]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European great spotted woodpecker (<spn>Dryobstes major</spn>); -- called also <altname>wood pie</altname>.</cd> -- <col>French polish</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A preparation for the surface of woodwork, consisting of gums dissolved in alcohol, either shellac alone, or shellac with other gums added.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The glossy surface produced by the application of the above.</cd> -- <col>French purple</col>, <cd>a dyestuff obtained from lichens and used for coloring woolen and silken fabrics, without the aid of mordants. <i>Ure</i>.</cd> -- <col>French red</col> <cd>rouge.</cd> -- <col>French rice</col>, <cd>amelcorn.</cd> -- <col>French roof</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a modified form of mansard roof having a nearly flat deck for the upper slope.</cd> -- <col>French tub</col>, <cd>a dyer's mixture of protochloride of tin and logwood; -- called also <altname>plum tub</altname>.</cd> <i>Ure</i>. -- <col>French window</col>. <cd>See under <er>Window</er>.</def></cd></cs>

<h1>French</h1>
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<hw>French</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The language spoken in France.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Collectively, the people of France.</def>

<h1>Frenchify</h1>
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<hw>French"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Frenchified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Frenchifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>French</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make French; to infect or imbue with the manners or tastes of the French; to Gallicize.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Frenchism</h1>
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<hw>French"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A French mode or characteristic; an idiom peculiar to the French language.</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Frenchman</h1>
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<hw>French"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Frenchmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A native or one of the people of France.</def>

<h1>Frenetir</h1>
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<hw>Fre*net"ir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Frantic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Distracted; mad; frantic; phrenetic.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Frenetical</h1>
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<hw>Fre*net"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Frenetic; frantic; frenzied.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Frenet"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Frenum</h1>
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<hw>Fre"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Frenums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Frena</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a bridle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cheek stripe of color.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Fr\'91num</er>.</def>

<h1>Frenzical</h1>
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<hw>Fren"zi*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Frantic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Orrery.</i>

<h1>Frenzied</h1>
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<hw>Fren"zied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Affected with frenzy; frantic; maddened.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fren"zied-ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>The people <b>frenzied</b> by centuries of oppression.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Up starting with a <b>frenzied</b> look.
<i>Sir W Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frenzy</h1>
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<hw>Fren"zy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Frenzies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>frenesie</ets>, <ets>fransey</ets>, F. <ets>fr\'82n\'82sie</ets>, L. <ets>phrenesis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/  for <?/ disease of the mind, phrenitis, fr. <?/ mind. Cf. <er>Frantic</er>, <er>Phrenitis</er>.]</ety> <def>Any violent agitation of the mind approaching to distraction; violent and temporary derangement of the mental faculties; madness; rage.</def>

<blockquote>All else is towering <b>frenzy</b> and distraction.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The poet's eye in a fine <b>frenzy</b> rolling.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangment; alienation; aberration; delirium. See <er>Insanity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Frenzy</h1>
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<hw>Fren"zy</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mad; frantic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>They thought that some <b>frenzy</b> distemper had got into his head.
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frenzy</h1>
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<hw>Fren"zy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To affect with frenzy; to drive to madness</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Frenzying</i> anguish."

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Frequence</h1>
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<hw>Fre"quence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Frequency</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A crowd; a throng; a concourse.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Frequency; abundance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Frequency</h1>
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<hw>Fre"quen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Frequencies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>frequentia</ets> numerous attendance, multitude: cf. F. <ets>fr\'82quence</ets>. See <er>Frequent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of returning frequently; occurrence often repeated; common occurence; <as>as, the <ex>frequency</ex> of crimes; the <ex>frequency</ex> of miracles.</as></def>

<blockquote>The reasons that moved her to remove were, because Rome was a place of riot and luxury, her soul being almost stifled with, the <b>frequencies</b> of ladies' visits.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A crowd; a throng.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Frequent</h1>
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<hw>Fre"quent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frequens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, crowded, frequent, akin to <ets>farcire</ets> to stuff: cf. F. <ets>fr\'82quent</ets>. Cf. <er>Farce</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Often to be met with; happening at short intervals; often repeated or occurring; <as>as, <ex>frequent</ex> visits</as>.</def> "<i>Frequent</i> feudal towers."

<i>Byron.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Addicted to any course of conduct; inclined to indulge in any practice; habitual; persistent.</def>

<blockquote>He has been loud and <b>frequent</b> in declaring himself hearty for the government.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Full; crowded; thronged.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>'T is C\'91sar's will to have a <b>frequent</b> senate.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Often or commonly reported.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>'T is <b>frequent</b> in the city he hath subdued
The Catti and the Daci.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frequent</h1>
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<hw>Fre*quent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Frequented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Frequenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>frequentare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fr\'82quenter</ets>. See <er>Frequent</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To visit often; to resort to often or habitually.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>frequented</b> the court of Augustus.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make full; to fill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With their sighs the air
<b>Frequenting</b>, sent from hearts contrite.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frequentable</h1>
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<hw>Fre*quent"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Accessible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sidney.</i>

<h1>Frequentage</h1>
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<hw>Fre*quent"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice or habit of frequenting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Frequentation</h1>
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<hw>Fre"quen*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frequentatio</ets> a crowding together, <ets>frequency</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fr\'82quentation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or habit of frequenting or visiting often; resort.</def>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Frequentative</h1>
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<hw>Fre*quent"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frequentativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fr\'82quentatif</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Serving to express the frequent repetition of an action; <as>as, a <ex>frequentative</ex> verb</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A frequentative verb.</def></def2>

<h1>Frequenter</h1>
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<hw>Fre*quent*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who frequents; one who often visits, or resorts to customarily.</def>

<h1>Frequently</h1>
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<hw>Fre*quent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>At frequent or short intervals; many times; often; repeatedly; commonly.</def>

<h1>Frequentness</h1>
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<hw>Fre"quent*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being frequent.</def>

<h1>Fr\'8are</h1>
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<hw>Fr\'8are</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Friar</er>.]</ety> <def>A friar.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Frescade</h1>
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<hw>Fres"cade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fresco</er>, <er>Fresh</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A cool walk; shady place.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Maunder.</i>

<h1>Fresco</h1>
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<hw>Fres"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Frescoes</plw> or <plw>Frescos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It., fr. <ets>fresco</ets> fresh; of German origin. See <er>Fresh</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A cool, refreshing state of the air; duskiness; coolness; shade.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The art of painting on freshly spread plaster, before it dries.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In modern parlance, incorrectly applied to painting on plaster in any manner.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A painting on plaster in either of senses <sd>a</sd> and <sd>b</sd>.</def>

<h1>Fresco</h1>
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<hw>Fres"co</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Frescoed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Frescoing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To paint in fresco, as walls.</def>

<h1>Fresh</h1>
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<hw>Fresh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Fresher</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>superl</tt>. <er>Freshest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fresch</ets>, AS. <ets>fersc</ets>; akin to D. <ets>versch</ets>, G. <ets>frisch</ets>, OHG. <ets>frisc</ets>, Sw. <ets>frisk</ets>, Dan. <ets>frisk</ets>, <ets>fersk</ets>, Icel. <ets>fr<?/skr</ets> frisky, brisk, <ets>ferskr</ets> fresh; cf. It. <ets>fresco</ets>, OF. <ets>fres</ets>, <ets>freis</ets>, fem. <ets>freske</ets>, <ets>fresche</ets>, F. <ets>frais</ets>, fem. <ets>fra<?/che</ets>, which are of German origin. Cf. <er>Fraischeur</er>, <er>Fresco</er>, <er>Frisk</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessed of original life and vigor; new and strong; unimpaired; sound.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>New; original; additional.</def> "Fear of <i>fresh</i> mistakes."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>fresh</b> pleasure in every fresh posture of the limbs.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lately produced, gathered, or prepared for market; not stale; not dried or preserved; not wilted, faded, or tainted; in good condition; <as>as, <ex>fresh</ex> vegetables, flowers, eggs, meat, fruit, etc.</as>; recently made or obtained; occurring again; repeated; <as>as, a <ex>fresh</ex> supply of goods; <ex>fresh</ex> tea, raisins, etc.</as>; lately come or made public; <as>as, <ex>fresh</ex> news</as>; recently taken from a well or spring; <as>as, <ex>fresh</ex> water</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Youthful; florid; <as>as, these <ex>fresh</ex> nymphs</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>In a raw, green, or untried state; uncultivated; uncultured; unpracticed; <as>as, a <ex>fresh</ex> hand on a ship</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Renewed in vigor, alacrity, or readiness for action; <as>as, <ex>fresh</ex> for a combat</as>; hence, tending to renew in vigor; rather strong; cool or brisk; <as>as, a <ex>fresh</ex> wind</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Not salt; <as>as, <ex>fresh</ex> water, in distinction from that which is from the sea, or brackish; <ex>fresh</ex> meat, in distinction from that which is pickled or salted.</as></def>

<cs><col>Fresh breeze</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a breeze between a moderate and a strong breeze; one blowinq about twenty miles an hour.</cd> -- <col>Fresh gale</col>, <cd>a gale blowing about forty-five miles an hour.</cd> -- <col>Fresh way</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>increased speed.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Sound; unimpaired; recent; unfaded: ruddy; florid; sweet; good: inexperienced; unpracticed: unused; lively; vigorous; strong.</syn>

<h1>Fresh</h1>
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<hw>Fresh</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Freshes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A stream or spring of fresh water.</def>

<blockquote>He shall drink naught but brine; for I'll not show him Where the quick <b>freshes</b> are.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A flood; a freshet.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The mingling of fresh water with salt in rivers or bays, as by means of a flood of fresh water flowing toward or into the sea.</def>

<i>Beverly.</i>

<h1>Fresh</h1>
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<hw>Fresh</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To refresh; to freshen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Freshen</h1>
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<hw>Fresh"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Freshened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Freshening</er> <tt>(?)</tt>]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make fresh; to separate, as water, from saline ingredients; to make less salt; <as>as, to <ex>freshen</ex> water, fish, or flesh</as>.</def>
<--  "less *salt*" is in original; also, below "to lose saltness" -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To refresh; to revive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To relieve, as a rope, by change of place where friction wears it; or to renew, as the material used to prevent chafing; <as>as, to <ex>freshen</ex> a hawse</as>.</def>

<i> Totten.</i>

<cs><col>To freshen ballast</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to shift Or restore it.</cd> -- <col>To freshen the hawse</col>, <cd>to pay out a little more cable, so as to bring the chafe on another part.</cd> -- <col>To freshen the way</col>, <cd>to increase the speed of a vessel.</cd></cs>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Freshen</h1>
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<hw>Fresh"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grow fresh; to lose saltness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grow brisk or strong; <as>as, the wind <ex>freshens</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Freshet</h1>
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<hw>Fresh"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fresche</ets> flood + <ets>-et</ets>. See <er>Fresh</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A stream of fresh water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A flood or overflowing of a stream caused by heavy rains or melted snow; a sudden inundation.</def>

<blockquote>Cracked the sky, as ice in rivers
When the <b>freshet</b> is at highest.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Freshly</h1>
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<hw>Fresh"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fresh manner; vigorously; newly, recently; brightly; briskly; coolly; <as>as, <ex>freshly</ex> gathered; <ex>freshly</ex> painted; the wind blows <ex>freshly</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Looks he as freshly as he did?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Freshman</h1>
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<hw>Fresh"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Freshmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>novice; one in the rudiments of knowledge; especially, a student during his fist year in a college or university.</def>

<blockquote>He drank his glass and cracked his joke,
And <b>freshmen</b> wondered as he spoke.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Freshman class</col>, <cd>the lowest of the four classes in an American college. <mark>[ U. S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Freshmanship</h1>
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<hw>Fresh"man*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a freshman.</def>

<h1>Freshment</h1>
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<hw>Fresh"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Refreshment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Freshness</h1>
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<hw>Fresh"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being fresh.</def>

<blockquote>The Scots had the advantage both for number and <b>freshness</b>
of men.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And breathe the <b>freshness</b> of the open air.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Her cheeks their <b>freshness</b> lose and wonted grace.
<i>Granville.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fresh-new</h1>
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<hw>Fresh"-new`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unpracticed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fresh-water</h1>
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<hw>Fresh"-wa`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of, pertaining to, or living in, water not salt; <as>as, <ex>fresh-water</ex> geological deposits; a <ex>fresh-water</ex> fish; <ex>fresh-water</ex> mussels.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Accustomed to sail on fresh water only; unskilled as a seaman; <as>as, a <ex>fresh-water</ex> sailor</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Unskilled; raw.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "<b>Fresh-water</b> soldiers."

<i>Knolles.</i>

<h1>Fresnel lamp, Fres'nel' lan'tern</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fres`nel" lamp"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fres'nel' lan'tern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw> <ety>[From <ets>Fresnel</ets> the inventor, a French physicist.]</ety> <def>A lantern having a lamp surrounded by a hollow cylindrical Fresnel lens.</def>

<h1>Fresnel lens</h1>
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<hw>Fres`nel" lens"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Fresnel lamp</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Optics)</fld> <def>See under <er>Lens</er>.</def>

<h1>Fret</h1>
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<hw>Fret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See 1st <er>Frith</er>.</def>

<h1>Fret</h1>
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<hw>Fret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fretted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fretting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>freten</ets> to eat, consume; AS. <ets>fretan</ets>, for <ets>foretan</ets>; pref. <ets>for-</ets> + <ets>etan</ets> to eat; akin to D. <ets>vreten</ets>, OHG. <ets>frezzan</ets>, G. <ets>fressen</ets>, Sw. <ets>fr\'84ta</ets>, Goth. <ets>fra-itan</ets>. See <er>For</er>, and <er>Eat</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To devour.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The sow <b>frete</b> the child right in the cradle.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rub; to wear away by friction; to chafe; to gall; hence, to eat away; to gnaw; <as>as, to <ex>fret</ex> cloth; to fret a piece of gold or other metal; a worm <ex>frets</ex> the plants of a ship.</as></def>

<blockquote>With many a curve my banks I <b>fret</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To impair; to wear away; to diminish.</def>

<blockquote>By starts
His <b>fretted</b> fortunes give him hope and fear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make rough, agitate, or disturb; to cause to ripple; <as>as, to <ex>fret</ex> the surface of water</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To tease; to irritate; to vex.</def>

<blockquote><b>Fret</b> not thyself because of evil doers.
<i>Ps. xxxvii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fret</h1>
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<hw>Fret</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be worn away; to chafe; to fray; <as>as, a wristband <ex>frets</ex> on the edges</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To eat in; to make way by corrosion.</def>

<blockquote>Many wheals arose, and <b>fretted</b> one into another with great excoriation.
<i>Wiseman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be agitated; to be in violent commotion; to rankle; <as>as, rancor <ex>frets</ex> in the malignant breast</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be vexed; to be chafed or irritated; to be angry; to utter peevish expressions.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>frets</b>, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fret</h1>
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<hw>Fret</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The agitation of the surface of a fluid by fermentation or other cause; a rippling on the surface of water.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Agitation of mind marked by complaint and impatience; disturbance of temper; irritation; <as>as, he keeps his mind in a continual <ex>fret</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Yet then did Dennis rave in furious <b>fret</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Herpes; tetter.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The worn sides of river banks, where ores, or stones containing them, accumulate by being washed down from the hills, and thus indicate to the miners the locality of the veins.</def>

<h1>Fret</h1>
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<hw>Fret</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fretten</ets> to adorn, AS. <ets>fr\'91twan</ets>, <ets>fr\'91twian</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>fratah<?/n</ets>, cf. Goth. <ets>us-fratwjan</ets> to make wise, also AS. <ets>fr\'91twe</ets> ornaments, OS. <ets>fratah\'c6</ets> adornment.]</ety> <def>To ornament with raised work; to variegate; to diversify.</def>

<blockquote> Whose skirt with gold was <b>fretted</b> all about.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Yon gray lines,
That <b>fret</b> the clouds, are messengers of day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fret</h1>
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<hw>Fret</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ornamental work in relief, as carving or embossing. See <er>Fretwork</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament consisting of smmall fillets or slats intersecting each other or bent at right angles, as in classical designs, or at obilique angles, as often in Oriental art.</def>

<blockquote>His lady's cabinet is a adorned on the <b>fret</b>, ceiling, and chimney-piece with . . . carving.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="596">
Page 596<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The reticulated headdress or net, made of gold or silver wire, in which ladies in the Middle Ages confined their hair.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>fret</b> of gold she had next her hair.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fret saw</col>, <cd>a saw with a long, narrow blade, used in cutting frets, scrolls, etc.; a scroll saw; a keyhole saw; a compass saw.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fret</h1>
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<hw>Fret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>frette</ets> a saltire, also a hoop, ferrule, prob. a dim. of L. <ets>ferrum</ets> iron. For sense 2, cf. also E. <ets>fret</ets> to rub.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A saltire interlaced with a mascle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short piece of wire, or other material fixed across the finger board of a guitar or a similar instrument, to indicate where the finger is to be placed.</def>

<h1>Fret</h1>
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<hw>Fret</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with frets, as an instrument of music.</def>

<h1>Fretful</h1>
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<hw>Fret"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Fret</er>.]</ety> <def>Disposed to fret; ill-humored; peevish; angry; in a state of vexation; <as>as, a <ex>fretful</ex> temper</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fret"ful-ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fret"ful-ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<syn>Syn. -- Peevish; ill-humored; ill-natured; irritable; waspish; captious; petulant; splenetic; spleeny; passionate; angry.</syn> -- <usage><er>Fretful</er>, <er>Peevish</er>, <er>Cross</er>. These words all indicate an unamiable working and expression of temper. <i>Peevish<i> marks more especially the inward spirit: a <i>peevish<i> man is always ready to find fault. <i>Fretful<i> points rather to the outward act, and marks a complaining impatience: sickly children are apt to be <i>fretful<i>. <i>Crossness<i> is peevishness mingled with vexation or anger.</usage>

<h1>Frett</h1>
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<hw>Frett</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Fret</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The worn side of the bank of a river. See 4th <er>Fret</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<h1>Frett</h1>
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<hw>Frett</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Frit</er>.] <def>A vitreous compound, used by potters in glazing, consisting of lime, silica, borax, lead, and soda.</def>

<h1>Fretted</h1>
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<hw>Fret"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <ety>[From 2d <er>Fret</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Rubbed or worn away; chafed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Agitated; vexed; worried.</def>

<h1>Fretted</h1>
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<hw>Fret"ted</hw>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <ety>[See 5th <er>Fret</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ornamented with fretwork; furnished with frets; variegated; made rough on the surface.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Interlaced one with another; -- said of charges and ordinaries.</def>

<h1>Fretten</h1>
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<hw>Fret"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[The old p. p. of fret to rub.]</ety> <def>Rubbed; marked; <as>as, pock-<ex>fretten</ex>, marked with the smallpox</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Fretter</h1>
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<hw>Fret"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, frets.</def>

<h1>Fretty</h1>
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<hw>Fret"ty</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 5th <er>Fret</er>.]</ety> <def>Adorned with fretwork.</def>

<h1>Fretum</h1>
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<hw>Fre"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Freta</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[<ets>L</ets>.]</ety> <def>A strait, or arm of the sea.</def>

<h1>Fretwork</h1>
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<hw>Fret"work</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[6th <ets>fret + work</ets>.]</ety> <def>Work adorned with frets; ornamental openwork or work in relief, esp. when elaborate and minute in its parts. Heuce, any minute play of light andshade, dark and light, or the like.</def>

<blockquote>Banqueting on the turf in the <b>fretwork</b> of shade and sunshine.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Freya</h1>
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<hw>Frey"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>Freyja</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Scand. Myth.)</fld> <def>The daughter of Nj\'94rd, aud goddess of love and beauty; the Scandinavian Venus; -- in Teutonic myths confounded with Frigga, but in Scandinavian, distinct.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Frea</asp>, <asp>Fraying</asp>, and <asp>Ereyja</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Friabiiity</h1>
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<hw>Fri"a*bii"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>friabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being friable; friableness.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Friable</h1>
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<hw>Fri"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>[<???/L. <i>friabilis</i>, fr. <i>friare</i> to rub, break, or crumble into small pieces, cf. <i>fricare</i> to rub, E. <i>fray</i>. cf. F. <i>friable</i>.) Easily crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder.</def> "Friable ground." <i>Evelyn.</i> "Soft and friable texture." <i>Paley</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Fri'a-ble-ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Friar</h1>
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<hw>Fri"ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OR. <ets>frere</ets>, F. <ets>fr\'8are</ets> brother, <ets>friar</ets>, fr. L. <ets>frater</ets> brother. See <er>Brother</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A brother or member of any religious order, but especially of one of the four mendicant orders</def>, viz: <stype>(a) Minors, Gray Friars, or Franciscans.</stype> <stype>(b) Augustines</stype>. <stype>(c) Dominicans or Black Friars.</stype> <stype>(d) White Friars or Carmelites.</stype> See these names in the Vocabulary.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A white or pale patch on a printed page.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American fish; the silversides.</def>

<cs><col>Friar bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Australian bird (<spn>Tropidorhynchus corniculatus</spn>), having the head destitute of feathers; -- called also <altname>coldong</altname>, <altname>leatherhead</altname>, <altname>pimlico</altname>; <altname>poor soldier</altname>, and <altname>four-o'clock</altname>.</cd> The name is also applied to several other species of the same genus. -- <col>Friar's balsam</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a stimulating application for wounds and ulcers, being an alcoholic solution of benzoin, styrax, tolu balsam, and aloes; compound tincture of benzoin.</cd> <i>Brande & C.</i> -- <col>Friar's cap</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the monkshood.</cd> -- <col>Friar's cowl</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an arumlike plant  (<spn>Arisarum vulgare</spn>) with a spathe or involucral leaf resembling a cowl.</cd> -- <col>Friar's lantern</col>, <cd>the ignis fatuus or Will-o'-the-wisp.</cd> <i>Milton</i>. -- <col>Friar skate</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European white or sharpnosed skate (<spn>Raia alba</spn>); -- called also <altname>Burton skate</altname>, <altname>border ray</altname>, <altname>scad</altname>, and <altname>doctor</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Friarly</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Fri"ar*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a friar; inexperienced.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Friary</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Fri"ar*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Friar</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Like a friar; pertaining to friars or to a convent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Friary</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Fri"ar*y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>frerie</ets>, <ets>frairie</ets>, fr. <ets>fr\'8are</ets>. See <er>Friar</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A monastery; a convent of friars.</def>

<i>Drugdale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The institution or praactices of friars.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Friation</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Fri*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Friable</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of breaking up or pulverizing.</def>

<h1>Frible</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Frib"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>frivole</ets>, L. <ets>frivolus</ets>, or E. <ets>frippery</ets>.]</ety> <def>Frivolous; trifling; sily.</def>

<h1>Fribble</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Frib"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A frivolous, contemptible fellow; a fop.</def>

<blockquote>A pert <b>fribble</b> of a peer.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fribble</h1>
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<hw>Frib"ble</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To act in a trifling or foolish manner; to act frivolously.</def>

<blockquote>The fools that are <b>fribbling</b> round about you.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To totter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fribbler</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Frib"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A trifler; a fribble.</def>

<h1>Fribbling</h1>
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<hw>Frib"bling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Frivolous; trining; toolishly captious.</def>

<h1>Friborg, Friborgh</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw><hw>Fri"borg</hw> , <hw>Fri"borgh</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fri<?/borh</ets>, lit., peace PLAGE; <ets>fri<?/</ets> peace + <ets>borh</ets>, <ets>borg</ets>, pledge, akin to E. borrow. The first part of the word was confused with <ets>free</ets>, the last part, with borough.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The pledge and tithing, afterwards called by the Normans <i>frankpledge</i>. See <er>Frankpledge</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>friburgh</asp> and <asp>fribourg</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Burril.</i>

<h1>Fricace</h1>
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<hw>Fric"ace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fricassee</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Meat sliced and dressed with strong sauce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>King.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An unguent; also, the act of rubbing with the unguent.</def>

<mhw><h1>Fricandeau, Fricando</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Fri"can`deau`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fric"*an*do</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fricandeau</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>fricand\'a2</ets>.]</ety> <def>A ragout or fricassee of veal; a fancy dish of veal or of boned turkey, served as an <it>entr\'82e</it>, -- called also <altname>fricandel</altname>.</def>

<i>A. J. Cooley.</i>

<h1>Fricassee</h1>
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<hw>Fric"as*see`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fricass\'82e</ets>, fr. <ets>fricasser</ets> to <ets>fry</ets>, <ets>fricassee</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>fricare</ets>, perh. for <ets>frictare</ets>, <ets>fricare</ets>, <ets>frictum</ets>, to rub. Cf. <er>Fry</er>, <er>Friction</er>.]</ety> <def>A dish made of fowls, veal, or other meat of small animals cut into pieces, and stewed in a gravy.</def><-- (cooking) -->

<h1>Frlcassee</h1>
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<hw>Frlc"as*see`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fricassed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. &. vb. n.</tt> <er>Fricasseeing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To dress like a fricassee.</def>

<h1>Frication</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Fri*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fricatio</ets>, fr. <ets>fricare</ets>, <ets>fricatum</ets>, to rub. ]</ety> <def>Friction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Fricative</h1>
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<hw>Fric"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Frication</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>Produced by the friction or rustling of the breath, intonated or unintonated, through a narrow opening between two of the mouth organs; uttered through a close approach, but not with a complete closure, of the organs of articulation, and hence capable of being continued or prolonged; -- said of certain consonantal sounds, as <i>f</i>, <i>v</i>, <i>s</i>, <i>z</i>, etc.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A fricative consonant letter or sound. See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 197-206, etc.</def></def2>

<h1>Fricatrice</h1>
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<hw>Fric"a*trice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>frictrix</ets>, fr. <ets>fricare</ets> to rub.]</ety> <def>A lewd woman; a harlot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Frickle</h1>
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<hw>Fric"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bushel basket.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ftiction</h1>
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<hw>Ftic"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frictio</ets>, fr. <ets>fricare</ets>, <ets>frictum</ets>,to rub: cf. F. <ets>friction</ets>. See <er>Fray</er> to rub, arid cf. <er>Dentifrice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of rubbing the surface of one body against that of another; attrition; in hygiene, the act of rubbing the body with the hand, with flannel, or with a brush etc., to excite the skin to healthy action.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The resistance which a body meets with from the surface on which it moves. It may be resistance to sliding motion, or to rolling motion.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A clashing between two persons or parties in opinions or work; a disagreement tending to prevent or retard progress.</def>

<cs><col>Angle of friction</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the angle which a plane onwhich a body is lying makes with a horizontal plane,when the hody is just ready to slide dewn the plane.</cd> <note>This angle varies for different bodies, and for planes of different materials.</note> -- <col>Anti-friction wheels</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>wheels turning freely on small pivots, and sustaining, at the angle formed by their circumferences, the pivot or journal of a revolving shaft, to relieve it of friction; -- called also <altname>friction wheels</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Friction balls</col>, or <col>Friction rollers</col>, <cd>balls or rollers placed so as to receive the pressure or weight of bodies in motion, and relieve friction, as in the hub of a bicycle wheel.</cd> -- <col>Friction brake</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a form of dynamometer for measuring the power a motor exerts. A clamp around the revolving shaft or fly wheel of the motor resists the motion by its friction, the work thus absorbed being ascertained by observing the force required to keep the clamp from revolving with the shaft; a Prony brake.</cd> -- <col>Friction chocks</col>, <cd>brakes attached to the common standing garrison carriages of guns, so as to raise the trucks or wheels off the platform when the gun begins to recoil, and prevent its running back.</cd> <i>Earrow</i>. -- <mcol><col>Friction clutch</col>, <col>Friction coupling</col></mcol>, <cd>an engaging and disengaging gear for revolving shafts, pulleys, etc., acting by friction</cd>; esp.:  <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A device in which a piece on one shaft or pulley is so forcibly pressed against a piece on another shaft that the two will revolve together; as, in the illustration, the cone <it>a</it> on one shaft, when thrust forcibly into the corresponding hollow cone <it>b</it> on the other shaft, compels the shafts to rotate together, by the hold the friction of the conical surfaces gives.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A toothed clutch, one member of which, instead of being made fast on its shaft, is held by friction and can turn, by slipping, under excessive strain or in starting.</cd> -- <col>Friction drop hammer</col>, <cd>one in which the hammer is raised for striking by the friction of revolving rollers which nip the hammer rod.</cd> -- <col>Friction gear</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>Frictional gearing</cref>, under <er>Frictional</er>.</cd> -- <col>Friction machine</col>, <cd>an electrical machine, generating electricity by friction.</cd> -- <col>Friction meter</col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring friction, as in testing lubricants.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Friction powder</col>, <col>Friction composition</col></mcol>, <cd>a composition of chlorate of potassium, antimony, sulphide, etc, which readily ignites by friction.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Friction primer</col>, <col>Friction tube</col></mcol>, <cd>a tube used for firing cannon by means of the friction of a roughened wire in the friction powder or composition with which the tube is filled -- <col>Friction wheel</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>one of the wheels in frictional gearing. See under <er>Frictional</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Frictional</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Fric"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to friction; moved by friction; produced by friction; <as>as, <ex>frictional</ex> electricity</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Frictional gearing</col>, <cd>wheels which transmit motion by surface friction instead of teeth. The faces are sometimes made more or less V-shaped to increase or decrease friction, as required.</cd></cs>

<h1>Frictionless</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Fric"tion*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no friction.</def>

<h1>Friday</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Fri"day</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>friged\'91g</ets>, fr. <ets>Frigu</ets>, the gooddes of marriage; <ets>friqu</ets> love + <ets>d\'91g</ets> day; cf. Icel. <ets>Frigg</ets> name of a goddess, the wife of Odin or Wodan, OHG. <ets>Fr\'c6atag</ets>, Isel. <ets>Frj\'bedagr</ets>. AS. <ets>frigu</ets> is prob. from the root of E. <ets>friend</ets>, <ets>free</ets>. See <er>Free</er>, and <er>Day</er>.]</ety> <def>The sixth day of the week, following Thursday and preceding Saturday.</def>

<h1>Fridge</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Fridge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>frician</ets> to dance, from <ets>free</ets> bold. Cf. <er>Freak</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To rub; to fray.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Fridstol, Frithstool</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw><hw>Frid"stol`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Frith`stool"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fri<?/st<?/</ets>l. See <er>Fred</er>, and <er>Stool</er>.]</ety> <def>A seat in churches near the altar, to which offenders formerly fled for sanctuary.</def> <altsp>[Written variously <asp>fridstool</asp>, <asp>freedstool</asp>, etc.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fried</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Fried</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Fry</er>.</def>

<h1>Friend</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Friend</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OR. <ets>frend</ets>, <ets>freond</ets>, AS. <ets>fre\'a2nd</ets>, prop. p. pr. of <ets>fre\'a2n</ets>, <ets>fre\'a2gan</ets>, to love; akin to D. <ets>vriend</ets> friend, OS. <ets>friund</ets> friend, <ets>friohan</ets> to love, OHG. <ets>friunt</ets> friend, G. <ets>freund</ets>, Icel. <ets>fr\'91ndi</ets> kinsman, Sw. <ets>fr\'84nde</ets>. Goth. <ets>frij<?/nds</ets> friend, <ets>frij<?/n</ets> to love. &root;83. See <er>Free</er>, and cf. <er>Fiend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who entertains for another suo<???/] sentiments of esteem, respect, and affection that he scens hie society aud welfare; a wellwisher; an intimate associate; sometimes, an attendant.</def>

<blockquote>Want gives to know the flatterer from the <b>friend</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>friend</b> that sticketh closer than a brother.
<i>Prov. xviii. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One not inimical or hostile; one not a foe or enemy; also, one of the same nation, party, kin, etc., whose friendly feelings may be assumed. The word is some times used as a term of friendly address.</def>

<blockquote><b>Friend</b>, how camest thou in hither?
<i>Matt. xxii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who looks propitiously on a cause, an institution, a project, and the like; a favorer; a promoter; <as>as, a <ex>friend</ex> to commerce, to poetry, to an institution</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One of a religious sect characterized by disuse of outward rites and an ordained ministry, by simplicity of dress and speech, and esp. by opposition to war and a desire to live at peace with all men. They are popularly called Quakers.</def>

<blockquote>America was first visited by <b>Friends</b> in 1656.
<i>T. Chase.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A paramour of either sex.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>A friend</col> <col>at court &or; in court</col>, <cd>one disposed to act as a friend in a place of special opportunity or influence.</cd> -- <col>To be friends with</col>, <cd>to have friendly relations with. "He's . . . <i>friends with<i> C\'91sar." <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>To make friends with</col>, <cd>to become reconciled to or on friendly terms with.</cd> "Having now <i>made friends with<i> the Athenians." <i>Jowett (Thucyd. )</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Friend</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Friend</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Friended</er>; <tt>p. pr, & vb. n.</tt> <er>Friending</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To act as the friend of; to favor; to countenance; to befriend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Fortune <b>friends</b> the bold.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Friended</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Friend"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having friends;</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Iuclined to love; well-disposed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Friending</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Friend"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Friendliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Friendless</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Friend"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fre\'a2ndle\'a0s</ets>.]</ety> <def>Destitute of friends; forsaken.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Friend"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Friendlily</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Friend"li*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a friendly manner.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Friendliness</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Friend"li*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or quality of being friendly.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Friendly</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Friend"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fre\'82ndl&imac;ce</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the temper and disposition of a friend; disposed to promote the good of another; kind; favorable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Appropriate to, or implying, friendship; befitting friends; amicable.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>friendly</b> relations with his moderate opponents.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not hostile; <as>as, a <ex>friendly</ex> power or state</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Promoting the good of any person; favorable; propitious; serviceable; <as>as, a <ex>friendly</ex> breeze or gale</as>.</def>

<blockquote>On the first <b>friendly</b> bank he throws him down.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Amicable; kind; conciliatory; propitious; favorable. See <er>Amicable</er>.</syn>

<h1>Friendly</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Friend"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of friends; amicably; like friends.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>In whom all graces that can perfect beauty
Are <b>friendly</b> met.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Friendship</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Friend"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fre\'a2ndscipe</ets>. See <er>Friend</er>, and <er>-ship</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being friends; friendly relation, or attachment, to a person, or between persons; affection arising from mutual esteem and good will; friendliness; amity; good will.</def>

<blockquote>There is little <b>friendship</b> in the world.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There can be no <b>friendship</b> without confidence, and no confidence without integrity.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Preferred by <b>friendship</b>, and not chosen by sufficiency.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Kindly aid; help; assistance,</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some <b>friendship</b> will it [a hovel] lend you gainst the tempest.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Aptness to unite; conformity; affinity; harmony; correspondence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Those colors . . . have a <b>friendship</b> with each other.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frier</h1>
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<hw>Fri"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fries.</def>

<h1>Friese</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Friese</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Friesic</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Friesic</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Fries"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Friesland, a province in the northern part of the Netherlands.</def>

<h1>Friesic</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Fries"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The language of the Frisians, a Teutonic people formerly occupying a large part of the coast of Holland and Northwestern Germany. The modern dialects of Friesic are spoken chiefly in the province of Friesland, and on some of the islands near the coast of Germany and Denmark.</def>

<h1>Friesish</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Fries"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Friesic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Frieze</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Frieze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. the same word as frieze a, kind of cloth. Cf. <er>Friz</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of the entablature of an order which is between the architrave and cornice. It is a flat member or face, either uniform or broken by triglyphs, and often enriched with figures and other ornaments of sculpture.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any sculptured or richly ornamented band in a building or, by extension, in rich pieces of furniture. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Column</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Cornice or <b>frieze</b> with bossy sculptures graven.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frieze</h1>
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<hw>Frieze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>frise</ets>, perh. originally a woolen cloth or stuff from <ets>Friesland</ets> (F. <ets>Frise</ets>); cf. LL. <ets>frisii panni</ets> and <ets>frissatus pannus</ets>, a shaggy woolen cloth, F. <ets>friser</ets> to friz, curl. Cf. <er>Friz</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of coarse woolen cloth or stuff with a shaggy or tufted (friezed) nap on one side.</def> "Robes of <i>frieze</i>."

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Frieze</h1>
<Xpage=596>

<hw>Frieze</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a nap on (cloth); to friz. See <er>Friz</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <p><b>2</b>.</def>

<cs><col>Friezing machine</col>, <cd>a machine for friezing cloth; a friezing machine.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="597">
Page 597<p>

<h1>Friezed</h1>
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<hw>Friezed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gathered, or having the map gathered, into little tufts, knots, or protuberances. Cf. <er>Frieze</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and <er>Friz</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <p><b>2</b>.</def>

<h1>Friezer</h1>
<Xpage=597>

<hw>Frie"zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, friezes or frizzes.</def>

<h1>Frigate</h1>
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<hw>Frig"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fr\'82gate</ets>, It. <ets>fregata</ets>, prob. contracted fr. L. <ets>fabricata</ets> something constructed or. built. See <er>Fabricate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, a vessel of the Mediterranean propelled by sails and by oars. The French, about 1650, transferred the name to larger vessels, and by 1750 it had been appropriated for a class of war vessels intermediate between corvettes and ships of the line. Frigates, from about 1750 to 1850, had one full battery deck and, often, a spar deck with a lighter battery. They carried sometimes as many as fifty guns. After the application of steam to navigation <i>steam frigates</i> of largely increased size and power were built, and formed the main part of the navies of the world till about 1870, when the introduction of ironclads superseded them.</def> <altsp>[Formerly spelled <asp>frigat</asp> and <asp>friggot</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any small vessel on the water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<cs><col>Frigate bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a web-footed rapacious bird, of the genus <spn>Fregata</spn>; -- called also <altname>man-of-war bird</altname>, and <altname>frigate pelican</altname>. Two species are known; that of the Southern United States and West Indies is <spn>F. aquila</spn>. They are remarkable for their long wings and powerful flight. Their food consists of fish which they obtain by robbing gulls, terns, and other birds, of their prey. They are related to the pelicans.</cd> -- <col>Frigate mackerel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an oceanic fish (<spn>Auxis Rochei</spn>) of little or no value as food, often very abundant off the coast of the United States.</cd> -- <col>Frigate pelican</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Frigate bird</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Frigate-built</h1>
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<hw>Frig"ate-built"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Built like a frigate with a raised quarter-deck and forecastle.</def>

<h1>Frigatoon</h1>
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<hw>Frig"a*toon`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>fregatone</ets>: cf. F.<ets>fr\'82gaton</ets>. See <er>Frigate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A Venetian vessel, with a square stern, having only a mainmast, jigger mast, and bowsprit; also a sloop of war ship-rigged.</def>

<h1>Frigefaction</h1>
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<hw>Frig"e*fac`tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frigere</ets> to be cold + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>The act of making cold. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> </def>

<h1>Frigefactive</h1>
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<hw>Frig"e*fac`tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cooling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Frigerate</h1>
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<hw>Frig"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>e. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frigerare</ets>, fr. <ets>frigus</ets> cold.]</ety> <def>To make cool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Frigg, Frigga</h1>
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<hw><hw>Frigg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Frig"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>Frigg</ets>. See <er>Friday</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scand. Myth.)</fld> <def>The wife of Odin and mother of the gods; the supreme goddess; the Juno of the Valhalla. Cf. <er>Freya</er>.</def>

<h1>Fright</h1>
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<hw>Fright</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>frigt</ets>, <ets>freyht</ets>, AS. <ets>fyrhto</ets>, <ets>fyrhtu</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>forhta</ets>, OHG. <ets>forhta</ets>, <ets>forahta</ets>, G. <ets>furcht</ets>, Dan. <ets>frygt</ets>, Sw. <ets>fruktan</ets>, Goth. <ets>fa\'a3rhtei</ets> fear, <ets>fa\'a3rhts</ets> timid.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A state of terror excited by the sudden appearance of danger; sudden and violent fear, usually of short duration; a sudden alarm.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything strange, ugly or shocking, producing a feeling of alarm or aversion.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Alarm; terror; consternation. See <er>Alarm</er>.</syn>

<h1>Fright</h1>
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<hw>Fright</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Frighted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt>. <er>Frighting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>frigten</ets> to fear, frighten, AS. <ets>fyrhtan</ets> to frighten, <ets>forhtian</ets> to fear; akin to OS. <ets>forhtian</ets>, OHG. <ets>furihten</ets>, <ets>forahtan</ets>, G. <ets>f\'81rchten</ets>, Sw. <ets>frukta</ets>, Dan. <ets>frygte</ets>, Goth. <ets>faurhtjan</ets>. See <er>Fright</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Frighten</er>.]</ety> <def>To alarm suddenly; to shock by causing sudden fear; to terrify; to scare.</def>

<blockquote>Nor exile or danger can <b>fright</b> a brave spirit.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To affright; dismay; daunt; intimidate.</syn>

<h1>Frighten</h1>
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<hw>Fright"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[>imp.<tt>pos> <er>Frightened</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Frightening</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Fright</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To disturb with fear; to throw into a state of alarm or fright; to affright; to terrify.</def>

<blockquote>More <b>frightened</b> than hurt.
<i>Old Proverb.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frightful</h1>
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<hw>Fright"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of fright; affrighted; frightened.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>See how the <b>frightful</b> herds run from the wood.
<i>W. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Full of that which causes fright; exciting alarm; impressing terror; shocking; <as>as, a <ex>frightful</ex> chasm, or tempest; a <ex>frightful</ex> appearance.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Terrible; dreadful; alarming; fearful; terrific; awful; horrid; horrible; shocking.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Frightful</er>, <er>Dreadful</er>, <er>Awful</er>. These words all express fear. In <i>frightful</i>, it is a sudden emotion; in <i>dreadful</i>, it is deeper and more prolonged; in <i>awful</i>, the fear is mingled with the emotion of awe, which subdues us before the presence of some invisible power. An accident may be <i>frightful</i>; the approach of death is <i>dreadful</i> to most men; the convulsions of the earthquake are <i>awful</i>.</usage>

<h1>Frightfully</h1>
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<hw>Fright"ful*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a frightful manner; to a frightful dagree.</def>

<h1>Frightfulness</h1>
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<hw>Fright"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being frightful.</def>

<h1>Frightless</h1>
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<hw>Fright"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from fright; fearless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Frightment</h1>
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<hw>Fright"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fear; terror.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Frigid</h1>
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<hw>Frig"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frigidus</ets>, fr. <ets>frigere</ets> to be cold; prob. akin to Gr. <?/ to shudder, or perh. to <?/ cold. Cf. <er>Frill</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cold; wanting heat or warmth; of low temperature; <as>as, a frigid climate</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wanting warmth, fervor, ardor, fire, vivacity, etc.; unfeeling; forbidding in manner; dull and unanimated; stiff and formal; <as>as, a <ex>frigid</ex> constitution; a <ex>frigid</ex> style; a <ex>frigid</ex> look or manner; <ex>frigid</ex> obedience or service.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Wanting natural heat or vigor sufficient to excite the generative power; impotent.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<cs><col>Frigid zone</col>, <cd>that part of the earth which lies between either polar circle and its pole. It extends 23<?/ 28<?/ from the pole. See the Note under <er>Arctic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Frigidarium</h1>
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<hw>Frig"i*da`ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Frigidaria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., neut. of <ets>frigidarium</ets> cooling.]</ety> <def>The cooling room of the Roman therm\'91, furnished with a cold bath.</def>

<h1>Prigidity</h1>
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<hw>Pri*gid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frigiditas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>frigidit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition or quality of being frigid; coldness; want of warmth.</def>

<blockquote>Ice is water congealed by the <b>frigidity</b> of the air.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Want of ardor, animation, vivacity, etc.; coldness of affection or of manner; dullness; stiffness and formality; <as>as, <ex>frigidity</ex> of a reception, of a bow, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Want of heat or vigor; <as>as, the <ex>frigidity</ex> of old age</as>.</def>

<h1>Frigidly</h1>
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<hw>Frig"id*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a frigid manner; coldly; dully; without affection.</def>

<h1>Frigidness</h1>
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<hw>Frig"id*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being frigid; want of heat, vigor, or affection; coldness; dullness.</def>

<h1>Frigorific, Frigorifical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Frig"o*rif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Frig"o*rif`ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frigorificus</ets>; <ets>frigus</ets>, <ets>frigoris</ets>, cold + <ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F. <ets>frigorifique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing cold; producing or generating cold.</def>

<i>Quincy.</i>

<h1>Frill</h1>
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<hw>Frill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Frilled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Frilling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>friller</ets>, fr. L. <ets>frigidulus</ets> somewhat cold, dim. of <ets>frigidus</ets> cold; akin to F. <ets>frileux</ets> chilly.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shake or shiver as with cold; <as>as, the hawk <ex>frills</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>To wrinkle; -- said of the gelatin film.</def>

<h1>Frill</h1>
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<hw>Frill</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To provide or decorate with a frill or frills; to turn back. in crimped plaits; <as>as, to <ex>frill</ex> a cap</as>.</def>

<h1>Frill</h1>
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<hw>Frill</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Frill</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A ruffing of a bird's feathers from cold</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A ruffle, consisting of a fold of membrane, of hairs, or of feathers, around the neck of an animal</def>. See <cref>Frilled lizard</cref> (below). <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A similar ruffle around the legs or other appendages of animals</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A ruffled varex or fold on certain shells.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A border or edging secured at one edge and left free at the other, usually fluted or crimped like a very narrow flounce.</def>

<h1>Frilled</h1>
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<hw>Frilled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with a frill or frills.</def>

<cs><col>Frilled lizard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large Australian lizard (<spn>Chlamydosaurus Kingii</spn>) about three feet long, which has a large, erectile frill on each side of the neck.</cd></cs>

<h1>Frim</h1>
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<hw>Frim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>freme</ets> good, bold, and E. <ets>frame</ets>.]</ety> <def>Flourishing; thriving; fresh; in good case; vigorous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Frim pastures."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Frimaire</h1>
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<hw>Fri"maire`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>frimas</ets> hoarfrost.]</ety> <def>The third month of the French republican calendar. It commenced November 21, and ended December 20., See <er>Vend\'82miaire</er>.</def>

<h1>Fringe</h1>
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<hw>Fringe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF, <ets>fringe</ets>, F. <ets>frange</ets>, prob. fr. L. <ets>fimbria</ets> fiber, thread, fringe, cf. <ets>fibra</ets> fiber, E. <ets>fiber</ets>, <ets>fimbriate</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ornamental appendage to the border of a piece of stuff, originally consisting of the ends of the warp, projecting beyond the woven fabric; but more commonly made separate and sewed on, consisting sometimes of projecting ends, twisted or plaited together, and sometimes of loose threads of wool, silk, or linen, or narrow strips of leather, or the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something resembling in any respect a fringe; a line of objects along a border or edge; a border; an edging; a margin; a confine.</def>

<blockquote>The confines of grace and the <b>fringes</b> of repentance.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>One of a number of light or dark bands, produced by the interference of light; a diffraction band; --  called also interference fringe.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The peristome or fringelike appendage of the capsules of most mosses. See <er>Peristome</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Fringe tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small tree (<spn>Chionanthus Virginica</spn>), growing in the Southern United States, and having snow-white flowers, with long pendulous petals.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fringe</h1>
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<hw>Fringe</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fringed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. a.</tt> <er>Fringing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To adorn the edge of with a fringe or as with a fringe.</def>

<blockquote>Precipices <b>fringed</b> with grass.
<i> Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fringing reef</col>. <cd>See <cref>Coral reefs</cref>, under <er>Coral</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fringed</h1>
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<hw>Fringed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with a fringe.</def>

<cs><col>Fringed lear</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leaf edged with soft parallel hairs.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fringeless</h1>
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<hw>Fringe"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no fringe.</def>

<h1>Fringent</h1>
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<hw>Frin"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Encircling like a fringe; bordering.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The fringent air."

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Fringilla</h1>
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<hw>Frin*gil"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>fringilla</ets> a <ets>chaffinch</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of birds, with a short, conical, pointed bill. It formerly included all the sparrows and finches, but is now restricted to certain European finches, like the chaffinch and brambling.</def>

<h1>Fringillaceous</h1>
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<hw>Frin`gil*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Fringilline.</def>

<h1>Fringilline</h1>
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<hw>Frin*gil"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the family <spn>Fringillid\'91</spn>; characteristic of finches; sparrowlike.</def>

<h1>Fringy</h1>
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<hw>Frin"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Aborned with fringes.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fripper</h1>
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<hw>Frip"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fripier</ets>, fr. <ets>friper</ets> to rumple, fumble, waste.]</ety> <def>One who deals in frippery or in old clothes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Fripperer</h1>
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<hw>Frip"per*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fripper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Frippery</h1>
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<hw>Frip"per*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>friperie</ets>, fr. <ets>fruper</ets>. See <er>Fripper</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Coast-off clothes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Secondhand finery; cheap and tawdry decoration; affected elegance.</def>

<blockquote>Fond of gauze and French <b>frippery</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The gauzy <b>frippery</b> of a French translation.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A place where old clothes are sold.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The trade or traffic in old clothes.</def>

<h1>Frippery</h1>
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<hw>Frip"per*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Trifling; contemptible.</def>

<h1>Friseur'</h1>
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<hw>Fri"seur'</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>friser</ets> to curl, frizzle. See <er>Frizzle</er>.]</ety> <def>A hairdresser.</def>

<h1>Frisian</h1>
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<hw>Fri"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Friesland, a province of the Netherlands; Friesic.</def>

<h1>Frisian</h1>
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<hw>Fri"sian</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Friesland; also, the language spoken in Friesland. See <er>Friesic</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Frisk</h1>
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<hw>Frisk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>frieque</ets>, cf. OHG. <ets>frise</ets> lively, brisk, fresh, Dan. & Sw. <ets>frisk</ets>, Icel. <ets>friskr</ets>. See <er>Fresh</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Lively; brisk; frolicsome; frisky.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Frisk</h1>
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<hw>Frisk</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>A frolic; a fit of wanton gayety; a gambol: a little playful skip or leap.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Frisk</h1>
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<hw>Frisk</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Frisked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Frisking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To leap, skip, dance, or gambol, in fronc and gayety.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>frisking</b> satyrs on the summits danced.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Friskal</h1>
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<hw>Frisk"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A leap or caper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Frisker</h1>
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<hw>Frisker</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who frisks; one who leaps of dances in gayety; a wanton; an inconstant or unsettled person.</def>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Frisket</h1>
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<hw>Fris"ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>frisguette</ets>. Perh. so named from the velocity or frequency of its motion. See <er>Frisk</er> <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The light frame which holds the sheet of paper to the tympan in printing.</def>

<h1>Friskful</h1>
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<hw>Frisk"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Brisk; lively; frolicsome.</def>

<h1>Friskily'</h1>
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<hw>Frisk"i*ly'</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a frisky manner.</def>

<h1>Friskiness</h1>
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<hw>Frisk"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or quality of being frisky.</def>

<h1>Frisky</h1>
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<hw>Frisk"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclined to frisk; frolicsome; gay.</def>

<blockquote>He is too <b>frisky</b> for an old man.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frislet</h1>
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<hw>Fris"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>[<???/Cf. <er>Fraise</er> a kind of defense; also <er>Friz</er>.) A kind of small ruffle.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Frist</h1>
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<hw>Frist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fristen</ets>, <ets>firsten</ets>, to lend, give respite, postpone, AS. <ets>firstan</ets> to give respite to; akin to first time, G. <ets>frist</ets>, Icel. <ets>frest</ets> delay.]</ety> <def>To sell upon credit, as goods.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Frisure</h1>
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<hw>Fri"sure`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The dressing of the hair by crisping or curling.</def>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Frit</h1>
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<hw>Frit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fritte</ets>, fr. <ets>frit</ets> fried, p. p. of <ets>frire</ets> to fry. See <er>Far</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Glass Making)</fld> <def>The material of which glass is made, after having been calcined or partly fused in a furnace, but before vitrification. It is a composition of silex and alkali, occasionally with other ingredients.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Ceramics)</fld> <def>The material for glaze of pottery.</def>

<cs><col>Frit brick</col>, <cd>a lump of calcined glass materials, brought to a pasty condition in a reverberatory furnace, preliminary to the perfect vitrification in the melting pot.</cd></cs>

<h1>Frit</h1>
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<hw>Frit</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fritted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fritting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To prepare by heat (the materials for making glass); to fuse partially.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Frit</h1>
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<hw>Frit</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fritter; -- with away.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<h1>Frith</h1>
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<hw>Frith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>firth</ets>, Icel. <ets>fj\'94r<?/r</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>fj\'84rd</ets>, Dan. <ets>fiord</ets>, E. <ets>ford</ets>. &root;78. See <er>Ford</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Firth</er>, <er>Fiord</er>, <er>Fret</er> a frith, <er>Port</er> a harbor.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>A narrow arm of the sea; an estuary; the opening of a river into the sea; <as>as, the <ex>Frith</ex> of Forth</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of weir for catching fish.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Frith</h1>
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<hw>Frith</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>frith</ets> peace, protection, land inclosed for hunting, park, forest, AS. <ets>fri<?/</ets> peace; akin to <ets>freno<?/</ets> peace, protection, asylum, G. <ets>friede</ets> peace, Icel. <ets>fri<?/r</ets>, and from the root of E. free, friend. See <er>Free</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Affray</er>, <er>Defray</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A forest; a woody place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small field taken out of a common, by inclosing it; an inclosure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir J. Wynne.</i>

<h1>Frithy</h1>
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<hw>Frith"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Woody.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Fritillaria</h1>
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<hw>Frit"il*la`ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>fritillus</ets> dicebox: cf. F. <ets>fritillaire</ets>. So named from the checkered markings of the petals.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of liliaceous plants, of which the crown-imperial (<spn>Fritillaria imperialis</spn>) is one species, and the Guinea-hen flower (<spn>F. Meleagris</spn>) another. See <er>Crown-imperial</er>.</def>

<h1>Fritillary</h1>
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<hw>Frit"il*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant with checkered petals, of the genus Fritillaria: the Guinea-hen flower. See <er>Fritillaria</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of butterflies belonging to <spn>Argynnis</spn> and allied genera; -- so called because the coloring of their wings resembles that of the common <spn>Fritillaria</spn>. See <er>Aphrodite</er>.</def>

<h1>Fritinancy</h1>
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<hw>Frit"i*nan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fritinnire</ets> to twitter.] <def>A chirping or creaking, as of a cricket. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> </def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Fritter</h1>
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<hw>Frit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OR. <ets>fritour</ets>, <ets>friture</ets>, pancake, F. <ets>friture</ets> frying, a thing fried, from <ets>frire</ets> to fry. See <er>Far</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small quantity of batter, fried in boiling lard or in a frying pan. Fritters are of various kinds, named from the substance inclosed in the batter; <as>as, apple <ex>fritters</ex>, clam <ex>fritters</ex>, oyster <ex>fritters</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fragment; a shred; a small piece.</def>

<blockquote>And cut whole giants into <b>fritters</b>.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Corn fritter</col>. <cd>See under <er>Corn</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fritter</h1>
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<hw>Frit"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Frittered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Frittering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut, as meat, into small pieces, for frying.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To break into small pieces or fragments.</def>

<blockquote>Break all nerves, and <b>fritter</b> all their sense.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To fritter away</col>, <cd>to diminish; to pare off; to reduce to nothing by taking away a little at a time; also, to waste piecemeal; as, <i>to fritter away<i> time, strength, credit, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fritting</h1>
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<hw>Frit"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Frit</er> to expose to heat.]</ety> <def>The formation of frit or slag by heat with but incipient fusion.</def>

<h1>Frivolism</h1>
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<hw>Friv"o*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Frivolity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Pristley.</i>

<h1>Frivolity</h1>
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<hw>Fri*vol"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Frivolities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cg. F. <ets>frivolit\'82</ets>. See <er>Frivolous</er>.]</ety> <def>The condition or quality of being frivolous; also, acts or habits of trifling; unbecoming levity of disposition.</def>

<hr>
<page="598">
Page 598<p>


<h1>Frivolous</h1>
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<hw>Friv"o*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frivolus</ets>; prob. akin to <ets>friare</ets> to rub, crumble, E. <ets>friable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>frivole</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of little weight or importance; not worth notice; slight; <as>as, a <ex>frivolous</ex> argument</as>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Given to trifling; marked with unbecoming levity; silly; interested especially in trifling matters.</def>

<blockquote>His personal tastes were low and <b>frivolous</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Trifling; trivial; slight; petty; worthless.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Friv"o*lous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Friv"o*lous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Friz</h1>
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<hw>Friz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Frizzed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Frizzing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>friser</ets> to curl, crisp, <ets>frizzle</ets>, to raise the nap (on certain stuffs); prob.akin to OFries. <ets>frisle</ets> hair of the head. Cf. <er>Frieze</er> kind of cloth.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>frizz</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To curl or form into small curls, as hair, with a crisping pin; to crisp.</def>

<blockquote>With her hair <b>frizzed</b> short up to her ears.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form into little burs, prominences, knobs, or tufts, as the nap of cloth.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Leather Manufacture)</fld> <def>To soften and make of even thickness by rubbing, as with pumice stone or a blunt instrument.</def>

<cs><col>Frizzing machine</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Fabrics)</fld> <cd>A machine for frizzing the surface of cloth.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Wood Working)</fld> <cd>A bench with a revolving cutter head slightly protruding above its surface, for dressing boards.</cd></cs>

<h1>Friz</h1>
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<hw>Friz</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Frizzes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>That which is frizzed; anything crisped or curled, as a wig; a frizzle.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>frizz</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>He [Dr. Johnson], who saw in his glass how his wig became his face and head, might easily infer that a similar fullbottomed, well-curled <b>friz</b> of words would be no less becoming to his thoughts.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frize</h1>
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<hw>Frize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See 1st <er>Frieze</er>.</def>

<h1>Frizel</h1>
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<hw>Friz"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Firearms)</fld> <def>A movable furrowed piece of steel struck by the flint, to throw sparks into the pan, in an early form of flintlock.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Frizette</h1>
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<hw>Fri*zette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>frisette</ets> curl.]</ety> <def>A curl of hair or silk; a pad of frizzed hair or silk worn by women under the hair to stuff it out.</def>

<h1>Frizz</h1>
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<hw>Frizz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Friz</er>, <tt>v. t. & n.</tt></def>

<h1>Frizzle</h1>
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<hw>Friz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Frizzled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Frizzling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Dim. of <er>friz</er>.]</ety> <def>To curl or crisp, as hair; to friz; to crinkle.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<cs><col>To frizzle up</col>, <cd>to crinkle or crisp excessively.</cd></cs>

<h1>Frizzle</h1>
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<hw>Friz"zle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A curl; a lock of hair crisped.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Frizzlez</h1>
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<hw>Friz"zlez`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who frizzles.</def>

<h1>Frizzly, Frizzy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Friz"zly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Friz"zy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Curled or crisped; <as>as, <ex>frizzly</ex>, hair</as>.</def>

<h1>Fro</h1>
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<hw>Fro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fra</ets>, <ets>fro</ets>, adv. & prep., Icel. <ets>fr<?/</ets>, akin to Dan. <ets>fra</ets> from, E. <ets>from</ets>. See <er>From</er>.]</ety> <def>From; away; back or backward; -- now used only in oppositionto the word <i>to</i>, in the phrase to and <i>fro</i>, that is, <i>to and from</i>. See <er>To and fro</er> under <er>To</er>.</def>

<i>Millon.</i>

<h1>Fro</h1>
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<hw>Fro</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>From.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Frock</h1>
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<hw>Frock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>froc</ets> a monk's cowl, coat, garment, LL. <ets>frocus</ets>, <ets>froccus</ets>, <ets>flocus</ets>, <ets>floccus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>floccus</ets> a flock of wool; hence orig., a flocky cloth or garment;cf. L. <ets>flaccus</ets> flabby, E. <ets>flaccid</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A loose outer garment; especially, a gown forming a part of European modern costume for women and children; also, a coarse hirtlike garment worn by some workmen over their ther clothes; a smock frock; <as>as, a marketman's <ex>frock</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A coarse gown worn by monks or friars, and supposed to take the place of all, or nearly all, other garments. It has a hood which can be drawn over the head at pleasure, and is girded by a cord.</def>

<cs><col>Frock coat</col>, <cd>a body coat for men, usually doublebreasted, the skirts not being in one piece with the body, but sewed on so as to be somewhat full.</cd> -- <col>Smock frock</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Frock</h1>
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<hw>Frock</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To clothe in a frock.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a monk of. Cf. <er>Unfrock</er>.</def>

<h1>Frocked</h1>
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<hw>Frocked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Clothed in a frock.</def>

<h1>Frockless</h1>
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<hw>Frock"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of a frock.</def>

<h1>Froe</h1>
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<hw>Froe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Frow</er>.]</ety> <def>A dirty woman; a slattern; a frow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Raging frantic <i>froes</i>."

<i>Draylon.</i>

<h1>Froe</h1>
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<hw>Froe</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Frow</er> the tool]</ety> <def>An iron cleaver or splitting tool; a frow.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Frog</h1>
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<hw>Frog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>froggu</ets>, <ets>frocga</ets> a frog (in sensel); akin to D. <ets>vorsch</ets>, OHG. <ets>frosk</ets>, G. <ets>frosch</ets>, Icel. <ets>froskr</ets>, <ets>fraukr</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>fr\'94</ets>.]</ety> <def>1. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> An amphibious animal of the genus <spn>Rana</spn> and related genera, of many species. Frogs swim rapidly, and take long leaps on land. Many of the species utter loud notes in the springtime.</def>

<note>&hand; The edible frog of Europe (<spn>Rana esculenta</spn>) is extensively used as food; the American bullfrog (<spn>R. Catesbiana</spn>) is remarkable for its great size and loud voice.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Perh. akin to E. <ets>fork</ets>, cf. <ets>frush</ets> frog of a horse.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The triangular prominence of the hoof, in the middle of the sole of the foot of the horse, and other animals; the fourchette.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Railroads)</fld> <def>A supporting plate having raised ribs that form continuations of the rails, to guide the wheels where one track branches from another or crosses it.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[Cf. <ets>fraco</ets> of wool or silk, L. <ets>floccus</ets>, E. <ets>frock</ets>.]</ety> <def>An oblong cloak button, covered with netted thread, and fastening into a loop instead of a button hole.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The loop of the scabbard of a bayonet or sword.</def>

<cs><col>Cross frog</col> <fld>(Railroads)</fld>, <cd>a frog adapted for tracks that cross at right angles.</cd> -- <col>Frog cheese</col>, <cd>a popular name for a large puffball.</cd> -- <col>Frog eater</col>, <cd>one who eats frogs; -- a term of contempt applied to a Frenchman by the vulgar class of English.</cd> -- <col>Frog fly</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Frog</er> hopper.</cd> -- <col>Frog hopper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small, leaping, hemipterous insect living on plants.  The larv\'91 are inclosed are frothy liquid called <i>cuckoo spit</i> or <i>frog spit</i>.</cd> --  <col>Frog lily</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the yellow water lily (<spn>Nuphar</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Frog spit</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the frothy exudation of the <cref>frog hopper</cref>; -- called also <altname>frog spittle</altname>. See <cref>Cuckoo spit</cref>, under <er>Cuckoo</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Frog</h1>
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<hw>Frog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To ornament or fasten (a coat, etc.) with trogs. See <er>Frog</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<h1>Frogbit</h1>
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<hw>Frog"bit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A European plant (<spn>Hydrocharis Morsus-ran\'91</spn>), floating on still water and propagating itself by runners. It has roundish leaves and small white flowers.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An American plant (<spn>Limnobium Spongia</spn>), with similar habits.</def>

<h1>Frogfish</h1>
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<hw>Frog"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>See <er>Angler</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An oceanic fish of the genus <spn>Antennarius</spn> or <spn>Pterophrynoides</spn>; -- called also mousefish and toadfish.</def>

<h1>Frogged</h1>
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<hw>Frogged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Provided or ornamented with frogs; <as>as, a <ex>frogged</ex> coat</as>. See <er>Frog</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<h1>Froggy</h1>
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<hw>Frog"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding in frogs.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Frogmouth</h1>
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<hw>Frog"mouth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of Asiatic and East Indian birds of the genus <spn>Batrachostomus</spn>  (family <spn>Podargid\'91</spn>); -- so called from their very broad, flat bills.</def>

<h1>Frogs-bit</h1>
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<hw>Frog"s`-bit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Frogbit.</def>

<h1>Frogshell</h1>
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<hw>Frog"shell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of numerous species of marine gastropod shells, belonging to <spn>Ranella</spn> and allied genera.</def>

<h1>Froise</h1>
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<hw>Froise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>froise</ets> cf. F. <ets>froisser</ets> to bruise, E. <ets>frush</ets> to bruise,]</ety> <def>A kind of pancake. See 1st <er>Fraise</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>fraise</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Frolic</h1>
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<hw>Frol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>vroolijk</ets>; akin to G. <ets>fr\'94lich</ets>, fr. <ets>froh</ets>, OHG. <ets>fr<?/</ets>, Dan. <ets>fro</ets>, OS. <ets>fr<?/h</ets>, cf. Icel. <ets>fr<?/r</ets> swift; all perh. akin to Skr. <ets>pru</ets> to spring up.]</ety> <def>Full of levity; dancing, playing, or frisking about; full of pranks; frolicsome; gay; merry.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>frolic</b> wind that breathes the spring.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The gay, the <b>frolic</b>, and the loud.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frolic</h1>
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<hw>Frol"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wild prank; a flight of levity, or of gayety and mirth.</def>

<blockquote>He would be at his <b>frolic</b> once again.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A scene of gayety and mirth, as in lively play, or in dancing; a merrymaking.</def>

<h1>Frolic</h1>
<Xpage=598>

<hw>Frol"ic</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Frolicked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Frolicking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To play wild pranks; to play tricks of levity, mirth, and gayety; to indulge in frolicsome play; to sport.</def>

<blockquote>Hither, come hither, and <b>frolic</b> and play.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frolicful</h1>
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<hw>Frol"ic*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Frolicsome.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Frolicky</h1>
<Xpage=598>

<hw>Frol"ick*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Frolicsome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<h1>Frolicly</h1>
<Xpage=598>

<hw>Frol"ic*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a frolicsome manner; with mirth and gayety.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Frolicsome</h1>
<Xpage=598>

<hw>Frol"ic*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of gayety and mirth; given to pranks; sportive.</def>

<blockquote>Old England, who takes a <b>frolicsome</b> brain fever once every two or three years, for the benefit of her doctors.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Frol"ic*some*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Frol"ic*some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>From</h1>
<Xpage=598>

<hw>From</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fram</ets>, <ets>from</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>fram</ets> out, OHG. & Icel. <ets>fram</ets> forward, Sw. <ets>fram</ets>, Dan. <ets>frem</ets>, Goth. <ets>fram</ets> from, prob. akin to E. <ets>forth</ets>. <?/202. Cf. <er>Fro</er>, <er>Foremost</er>.]</ety> <def>Out of the neighborhood of; lessening or losing proximity to; leaving behind; by reason of; out of; by aid of; -- used whenever departure, setting out, commencement of action, being, state, occurrence, etc., or procedure, emanation, absence, separation, etc., are to be expressed. It is construed with, and indicates, the point of space or time at which the action, state, etc., are regarded as setting out or beginning; also, less frequently, the source, the cause, the occasion, out of which anything proceeds; -- the aritithesis and correlative of <i>to</i>; <as>as, it, is one hundred miles <ex>from</ex> Boston to Springfield; he took his sword <ex>from</ex> his side; light proceeds from the sun; separate the coarse wool <ex>from</ex> the fine; men have all sprung <ex>from</ex> Adam, and often go <ex>from</ex> good to bad, and <ex>from</ex> bad to worse; the merit of an action depends on the principle <ex>from</ex> which it proceeds; men judge of facts <ex>from</ex> personal knowledge, or <ex>from</ex> testimony.</as></def>

<blockquote>Experience <b>from</b> the time past to the time present.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The song began <b>from</b> Jove.
<i>Drpden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>From</b> high M\'91onia's rocky shores I came.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If the wind blow any way <b>from</b> shore.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>From</i> sometimes denotes <i>away from</i>, <i>remote from</i>, <i>inconsistent with</i>. "Anything so overdone is <i>from</i> the purpose of playing." <i>Shak</i>. <i>From</i>, when joined with another preposition or an adverb, gives an opportunity for abbreviating the sentence. "There followed him great multitudes of people . . . <i>from</i> [the land] <i>beyond</i> Jordan." <i>Math. iv. 25</i>. In certain constructions, as <i>from forth</i>, <i>from out</i>, etc., the ordinary and more obvious arrangment is inverted, the sense being more distinctly <i>forth from</i>, <i>out from</i> -- <i>from</i> being virtually the governing preposition, and the word the adverb. See <cref>From off</cref>, under <er>Off</er>, <tt>adv.</tt>, and <cref>From afar</cref>, under <er>Afar</er>, <tt>adv.</tt></note>

<blockquote>Sudden partings such as press
The life <b>from out</b> young hearts.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fromward, Fromwards</h1>
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<hw><hw>From"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>From"wards</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>framweard</ets> about to depart. Cf. <er>Froward</er>]</ety> <def>A way from; -- the contrary of toward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Towards or <b>fromwards</b> the zenith.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frond</h1>
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<hw>Frond</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frons</ets>, <ets>frondis</ets>, a leafy branch, foliage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The organ formed by the combination or union into one body of stem and leaf, and often bearing the fructification; <as>as, the <ex>frond</ex> of a fern or of a lichen or seaweed</as>; also, the peculiar leaf of a palm tree.</def>

<h1>Frondation</h1>
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<hw>Fron*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frondatio</ets>, from <ets>frons</ets>. See <er>Frond</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of stripping, as trees, of leaves or branches; a kind of pruning.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Fronde</h1>
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<hw>Fronde</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(F. Hist.)</fld> <def>A political party in France, during the minority of Louis XIV., who opposed the government, and made war upon the court party.</def>

<h1>Fronded</h1>
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<hw>Frond"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with fronds.</def> "Fronded palms."

<i>Whittier.</i>

<h1>Frondent</h1>
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<hw>Fron"dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frondens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>frondere</ets> to put forth leaves. See <er>Frond</er>.]</ety> <def>Covered with leaves; leafy; <as>as, a <ex>frondent</ex> tree</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Frondesce</h1>
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<hw>Fron*desce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frondescere</ets>, inchoative fr. <ets>frondere</ets>. See <er>Frondent</er>.]</ety> <def>To unfold leaves, as plants.</def>

<h1>Frondescence</h1>
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<hw>Fron*des"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The time at which each species of plants unfolds its leaves.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The act of bursting into leaf.</def>

<i>Milne.  Martyn.</i>

<h1>Frondeur</h1>
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<hw>Fron"deur`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(F. Hist.)</fld> <def>A member of the Fronde.</def>

<h1>Frondiferous</h1>
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<hw>Fron*dif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frondifer frons</ets> a leafy branch + ferre to bear: cf. F. <ets>frondifere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing fronds.</def>

<h1>Frondlet</h1>
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<hw>Frond"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A very small frond, or distinct portion of a compound frond.</def>

<h1>Frondose</h1>
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<hw>Fron*dose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frondosus</ets> leafy.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Frond bearing; resembling a frond; having a simple expansion not separable into stem and leaves.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Leafy.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Frondous</h1>
<Xpage=598>

<hw>Fron"dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Frondose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Frons</h1>
<Xpage=598>

<hw>Frons</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., <ets>front</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anal.)</fld> <def>The forehead; the part of the cranium between the orbits and the vertex.</def>

<h1>Front</h1>
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<hw>Front</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>frant</ets> forehead, L. <ets>frons</ets>, <ets>frontis</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>brow</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The forehead or brow, the part of the face above the eyes; sometimes, also, the whole face.</def>

<blockquote>Bless'd with his father's <b>front</b>, his mother's tongue.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Grim-visaged war hath smoothed his wrinkled <b>front</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His <b>front</b> yet threatens, and his frowns command.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The forehead, countenance, or personal presence, as expressive of character or temper, and especially, of boldness of disposition, sometimes of impudence; seeming; <as>as, a bold <ex>front</ex>; a hardened <ex>front.</ex></as></def>

<blockquote>With smiling <b>fronts</b> encountering.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The inhabitants showed a bold <b>front</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The part or surface of anything which seems to look out, or to be directed forward; the fore or forward part; the foremost rank; the van; -- the opposite to back or rear; <as>as, the <ex>front</ex> of a house; the <ex>front</ex> of an army</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Had he his hurts before?
Ay, on the <b>front</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A position directly before the face of a person, or before the foremost part of a thing; <as>as, in <ex>front</ex> of un person, of the troops, or of a house</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The most conspicuous part.</def>

<blockquote>The very head and <b>front</b> of my offending.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>That which covers the foremost part of the head: a front piece of false hair worn by women.</def>

<blockquote>Like any plain Miss Smith's, who wears s front.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The beginning.</def> "Summer's <i>front</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Bastioned front</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a curtain connerting two half bastions.</cd> -- <col>Front door</col>, <cd>the door in the front wall of a building, usually the principal entrance.</cd> -- <col>Front of fortification</col>, <cd>the works constructed upon any one side of a polygon.</cd> <i>Farrow</i>. -- <col>Front of operations</col>, <cd>all that part of the field of operations in front of the successive positions occupied by the army as it moves forward.</cd> <i>Farrow</i>. -- <col>To come to the front</col>, <cd>to attain prominence or leadership.</cd></cs>

<h1>Front</h1>
<Xpage=598>

<hw>Front</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to the front or forward part; having a position in front; foremost; <as>as, a <ex>front</ex> view</as>.</def>

<h1>Front</h1>
<Xpage=598>

<hw>Front</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fronted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fronting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To oppose face to face; to oppose directly; to meet in a hostile manner.</def>

<blockquote>You four shall <b>front</b> them in the narrow lane.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To appear before; to meet.</def>

<blockquote>[Enid] daily <b>fronted</b> him
In some fresh splendor.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To face toward; to have the front toward; to confront; <as>as, the house <ex>fronts</ex> the street</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And then suddenly <b>front</b> the changed reality.
<i>J. Morley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To stand opposed or opposite to, or over against as, his house fronts the church.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To adorn in front; to supply a front to; <as>as, to <ex>front</ex> a house with marble; to <ex>front</ex> a head with laurel</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Yonder walls, that pertly <b>front</b> your town.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Front</h1>
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<hw>Front</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To have or turn the face or front in any direction; <as>as, the house <ex>fronts</ex> toward the east</as>.</def>

<h1>Frontage</h1>
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<hw>Front"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The front part of an edifice or lot; extent of front.</def>

<h1>Frontal</h1>
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<hw>Fron"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>frontal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to the front part; being in front</def>; esp. <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <def>Of or pertaining to the forehead or the anterior part of the roof of the brain case; <as>as, the <ex>frontal</ex> bones</as>.</def>

<h1>Frontal</h1>
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<hw>Fron"tal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>frontal</ets>, <ets>fronteau</ets>, OF. <ets>Frontel</ets>, <ets>frontal</ets>, L. <ets>frontale</ets> an ornament for the forehead, frontlet. See <er>Front</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something worn on the forehead or face; a frontlet</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An ornamental band for the hair</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The metal face guard of a soldier.</def>

<hr>
<page="599">
Page 599<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A little pediment over a door or window.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A movable, decorative member in metal, carved wood, or, commonly, in rich stuff or in embroidery, covering the front of the altar. Frontals are usually changed according to the different ceremonies.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicament or application for the forehead.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Quincy.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The frontal bone, or one of the two frontal bones, of the cranium.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Frontal</col> <col>hammer &or; helve</col></mcol>, <cd>a forge hammer lifted by a cam, acting upon a "tongue" immediately in front of the hammer head.</cd></cs>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Frontate, Fron'tated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fron"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fron'ta*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Growing broader and broader, as a leaf; truncate.</def>

<h1>Fronted</h1>
<Xpage=599>

<hw>Front"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed with a front; drawn up in line.</def> "Fronted brigades."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Frontier</h1>
<Xpage=599>

<hw>Fron"tier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fronti\'8are</ets>, LL. <ets>frontaria</ets>. See <er>Front</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That part of a country which fronts or faces another country or an unsettled region; the marches; the border, confine, or extreme part of a country, bordering on another country; the border of the settled and cultivated part of a country; <as>as, the <ex>frontier</ex> of civilization</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>An outwork.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Palisadoes, <b>frontiers</b>, parapets.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frontier</h1>
<Xpage=599>

<hw>Fron"tier</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lying on the exterior part; bordering; conterminous; <as>as, a <ex>frontier</ex> town</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or relating to a frontier.</def> "Frontier experience."

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<h1>Frontier</h1>
<Xpage=599>

<hw>Fron"tier</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To constitute or form a frontier; to have a frontier; -- with on.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Frontiered</h1>
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<hw>Fron"tiered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Placed on the frontiers.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Floatiersman</h1>
<Xpage=599>

<hw>Floa"tiers*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Frontiersmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man living on the frontier.</def>

<mhw><h1>Frontignac, Frontignan</h1>
<Xpage=599>

<hw>Fron`ti*gnac"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fron`ti`gnan"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from <ets>Frontignan</ets>, a town in Southern France.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sweet muscadine wine made in Frontignan (Languedoc), France.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A grape of many varieties and colors.</def>

<h1>Frontingly</h1>
<Xpage=599>

<hw>Front"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fronting or facing position; opposingly.</def>

<h1>Frontiniac</h1>
<Xpage=599>

<hw>Fron`tin*iac"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Frontignac</er>.</def>

<h1>Frontispiece</h1>
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<hw>Fron"tis*piece</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>frontispice</ets>, LL. <ets>frontispicium</ets> beginning, front of a church, fr. L. <ets>frons</ets> front + <ets>spicere</ets>, <ets>specere</ets>, to look at, view: cf. It. <ets>frontispizio</ets>. See <er>Front</er> and <er>Spy</er>.]</ety> <def>The part which first meets the eye</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The principal front of a building</def>. <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An ornamental figure or illustration fronting the first page, or titlepage, of a book; formerly, the titlepage itself.</def>

<h1>Frontless</h1>
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<hw>Front"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without face or front; shameless; not diffident; impudent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Frontless</i> vice." <i>Dryden</i>. "<i>Frontless</i> flattery." <i>Pope</i>.

<h1>Frontlessly</h1>
<Xpage=599>

<hw>Front"less*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Shamelessly; impudently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Frontlet</h1>
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<hw>Front"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. frontelet brow band, dim. of <ets>frontel</ets>, <ets>frontal</ets>. See <er>Frontal</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A frontal or brow band; a fillet or band worn on the forehead.</def>

<blockquote>They shall be as <b>frontlets</b> between thine eyes.
<i>Deut. vi. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A frown (likened to a frontlet).</def> <mark>[R. & Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>What makes that <b>frontlet</b> on? Methinks you are too much of late i' the frown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The margin of the head, behind the bill of birds, often bearing rigid bristles.</def>

<h1>Fronto-</h1>
<Xpage=599>

<hw>Fron"to-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>frons</ets>, <ets>frontis</ets>, the forehead.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A combining form signifying <i>relating to the forehead</i> or <i>the frontal bone</i>; <as>as, <ex>fronto-</ex>parietal, relating to the frontal and the parietal bones; <ex>fronto-</ex>nasal, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Fronton</h1>
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<hw>Fron`ton"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a pediment. See <er>Front</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Frontal</er>, 2.</def>
<--2. a jai-alai fronton -->

<h1>Froppish</h1>
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<hw>Frop"pish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Frap</er>, <er>Frape</er>.]</ety> <def>Peevish; froward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<h1>Frore</h1>
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<hw>Frore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Frorn</er>.]</ety> <def>Frostily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The parching air
Burns <b>frore</b>, and cold performs the effect of fire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frorn</h1>
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<hw>Frorn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>froren</ets>, p. p. of <ets>fre\'a2sun</ets> to freeze. See <er>Freeze</er>.]</ety> <def>Frozen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Well nigh <b>frorn</b> I feel.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frory</h1>
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<hw>Fro"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fre\'a2rig</ets>. See <er>Frorn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Frozen; stiff with cold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Covered with a froth like hoarfrost.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The foaming steed with <b>frory</b> bit to steer.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frost</h1>
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<hw>Frost</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>frost</ets>, <ets>forst</ets>, AS. <ets>forst</ets>, <ets>frost</ets>. fr. <ets>fre\'a2san</ets> to freeze; akin to D. <ets>varst</ets>, G., OHG., Icel., Dan., & Sw. <ets>frost</ets>. \'fb18. See <er>Freeze</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of freezing; -- applied chiefly to the congelation of water; congelation of fluids.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state or temperature of the air which occasions congelation, or the freezing of water; severe cold or freezing weather.</def>

<blockquote>The third bay comes a <b>frost</b>, a killing <b>frost</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Frozen dew; -- called also <altname>hoarfrost</altname> or <altname>white frost</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>He scattereth the <b>frost</b> like ashes.
<i>Ps. cxlvii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Coldness or insensibility; severity or rigidity of character.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>It was of those moments of intense feeling when the <b>frost</b> of the Scottish people melts like a snow wreath.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Black frost</col>, <cd>cold so intense as to freeze vegetation and cause it to turn black, without the formation of hoarfrost.</cd> -- <col>Frost bearer</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>a philosophical instrument illustrating the freezing of water in a vacuum; a cryophous.</cd> -- <col>Frost grape</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American grape, with very small, acid berries.</cd> -- <col>Frost lamp</col>, <cd>a lamp placed below the oil tube of an Argand lamp to keep the oil limpid on cold nights; -- used especially in lighthouses.</cd> <i>Knight</i>. -- <col>Frost nail</col>, <cd>a nail with a sharp head driven into a horse's shoe to keen him from slipping.</cd> -- <col>Frost smoke</col>, <cd>an appearance resembling smoke, caused by congelation of vapor in the atmosphere in time of severe cold.</cd>

<blockquote>The brig and the ice round her are covered by a strange black
obscurity: it is the <b>frost</b> smoke of arctic winters.
<i>Kane.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Frost valve</col>, <cd>a valve to drain the portion of a pipe, hydrant, pump, etc., where water would be liable to freeze.</cd> -- <col>Jack Frost</col>, <cd>a popular personification of frost.</cd></cs>

<h1>Frost</h1>
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<hw>Frost</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Frostted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Frosting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To injure by frost; to freeze, as plants.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover with hoarfrost; to produce a surface resembling frost upon, as upon cake, metals, or glass.</def>

<blockquote>While with a hoary light she <b>frosts</b> the ground.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To roughen or sharpen, as the nail heads or calks of horseshoes, so as to fit them for frosty weather.</def>

<h1>Frostbird</h1>
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<hw>Frost"bird</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The golden plover.</def>

<h1>Frostbite</h1>
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<hw>Frost"bite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The freezing, or effect of a freezing, of some part of the body, as the ears or nose.</def>

<i>Kane.</i>

<h1>Frostbite</h1>
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<hw>Frost`bite"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To expose to the effect of frost, or a frosty air; to blight or nip with frost.</def>

<blockquote>My wife up and with Mrs. Pen to walk in the fields to <b>frostbite</b> themselves.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frost-bitten</h1>
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<hw>Frost`-bit"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Nipped, withered, or injured, by frost or freezing.</def>

<h1>Frost-blite</h1>
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<hw>Frost`-blite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Atriplex</spn>; orache.</def> <i>Gray</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The lamb's-quarters (<spn>Chenopodium album</spn>).</def>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Frosted</h1>
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<hw>Frost"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with hoarfrost or anything resembling hoarfrost; ornamented with frosting; also, frost-bitten; <as>as, a <ex>frosted</ex> cake; <ex>frosted</ex> glass</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Frosted</b> work is introduced as a foil or contrast to burnished work.
<i>Knight.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frostfish</h1>
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<hw>Frost`fish"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The tomcod; -- so called because it is abundant on the New England coast in autumn at about the commencement of frost. See <er>Tomcod</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The smelt</def>. <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A name applied in New Zealand to the scabbard fish (<spn>Lepidotus</spn>) valued as a food fish.</def>

<h1>Frostily</h1>
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<hw>Frost"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a frosty manner.</def>

<h1>Frostiness</h1>
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<hw>Frost"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or quality of being frosty.</def>

<h1>Frosting</h1>
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<hw>Frost"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A composition of sugar and beaten egg, used to cover or ornament cake, pudding, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lusterless finish of metal or glass; the process of producing such a finish.</def>

<h1>Frostless</h1>
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<hw>Frost"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from frost; <as>as, a <ex>frostless</ex> winter</as>.</def>

<h1>Frostweed</h1>
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<hw>Frost"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American species of rockrose (<spn>Helianthemum Canadense</spn>), sometimes used in medicine as an astringent or aromatic tonic.</def>

<note>&hand; It has large yellow flowers which are often sterile, and later it has abundant but inconspicuous flowers which bear seed. It is so called because, late in autumn, crystals of ice shoot from the cracked bark at the root; -- called also frostwort.</note>

<h1>Frostwork</h1>
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<hw>Frost`work"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The figurework, often fantastic and delicate, which moisture sometimes forms in freezing, as upon a window pane or a flagstone.</def>

<h1>Frostwort</h1>
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<hw>Frost`wort"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Frostweed</er>.</def>

<h1>Frosty</h1>
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<hw>Frost"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>fyrstig</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Attended with, or producing, frost; having power to congeal water; cold; freezing; <as>as, a <ex>frosty</ex> night</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Covered with frost; <as>as, the grass is <ex>frosty</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Chill in affection; without warmth of affection or courage.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Appearing as if covered with hoarfrost; white; gray-haired; <as>as, a <ex>frosty</ex> head</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Frote</h1>
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<hw>Frote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>frotter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To rub or wear by rubbing; to chafe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Froterer</h1>
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<hw>Fro"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who frotes; one who rubs or chafes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Froth</h1>
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<hw>Froth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>frothe</ets>, Icel. <ets>fro\'eba</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>fraade</ets>, Sw. <ets>fradga</ets>, AS. <ets>\'befreo\'eban</ets> to froth.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The bubbles caused in fluids or liquors by fermentation or agitation; spume; foam; esp., a spume of saliva caused by disease or nervous excitement.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any empty, senseless show of wit or eloquence; rhetoric without thought.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<blockquote>It was a long speech, but all <b>froth</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Light, unsubstantial matter.</def>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<cs><col>Froth insect</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the cuckoo spit or frog hopper; -- called also <altname>froth spit</altname>, <altname>froth worm</altname>, and <altname>froth fly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Froth spit</col>. <cd>See <cref>Cuckoo spit</cref>, under Cuckoo.</cd></cs>

<h1>Froth</h1>
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<hw>Froth</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Frothed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt>. <er>Frothing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to foam.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To spit, vent, or eject, as froth.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . <b>froths</b> treason at his mouth.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Is your spleen <b>frothed</b> out, or have ye more?
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cover with froth; <as>as, a horse <ex>froths</ex> his chain</as>.</def>

<h1>Froth</h1>
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<hw>Froth</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To throw up or out spume, foam, or bubbles; to foam; as beer <i>froths</i>; a horse <i>froths</i>.</def>

<h1>Frothily</h1>
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<hw>Froth"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a frothy manner.</def>

<h1>Frothiness</h1>
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<hw>Froth"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or quality of being frothy.</def>

<h1>Frothing</h1>
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<hw>Froth"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Exaggerated declamation; rant.</def>

<h1>Frothless</h1>
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<hw>Froth"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from froth.</def>

<h1>Frothy</h1>
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<hw>Froth"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Frothier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Frothiest</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of foam or froth, or consisting of froth or light bubbles; spumous; foamy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not firm or solid; soft; unstable.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of the nature of froth; light; empty; unsubstantial; <as>as, a <ex>frothy</ex> speaker or harangue</as>.</def>

<i>Tillotson.</i>

<h1>Frounce</h1>
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<hw>Frounce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Frounced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Frouncing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>frouncen</ets>, <ets>fronsen</ets>, to told, wrinkle, OF. <ets>froncier</ets>, F. <ets>froncer</ets>, perh. fr. an assumed LL. <ets>frontiare</ets> to wrinkle the forehead, L. <ets>frons</ets> forehead. See <er>Front</er>, and cf. <er>Flounce</er> part of a dress.]</ety> <def>To gather into or adorn with plaits, as a dress; to form wrinkles in or upon; to curl or frizzle, as the hair.</def>

<blockquote>Not tricked and <b>frounced</b>, as she was wont.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frounce</h1>
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<hw>Frounce</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form wrinkles in the forehead; to manifest displeasure; to frown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Commons <b>frounced</b> and stormed.
<i> Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frounce</h1>
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<hw>Frounce</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wrinkle, plait, or curl; a flounce; -- also, a frown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An affection in hawks, in which white spittle gathers about the hawk's bill.</def>

<i>Booth.</i>

<h1>Frounceless</h1>
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<hw>Frounce"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without frounces.</def>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Frouzy</h1>
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<hw>Frou"zy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>frouzy</ets> froward, peevish, offensive to the eye or smell; cf. <ets>froust</ets> a musty smell, frouse to rumple, frouze to curl, and E. <ets>frounce</ets>, <ets>frowy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fetid, musty; rank; disordered and offensive to the smell or sight; slovenly; dingy. See <er>Frowzy</er>.</def> "Petticoats in <i>frouzy</i> heaps."

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Frow</h1>
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<hw>Frow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>vrouw</ets>; akin to G. <ets>frau</ets> woman, wife, goth, <ets>fr\'a0uja</ets> master, lord, AS. <ets>fre\'a0</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A woman; especially, a Dutch or German woman.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dirty woman; a slattern.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Frow</h1>
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<hw>Frow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Frower</er>.]</ety> <def>A cleaving tool with handle at right angles to the blade, for splitting cask staves and shingles from the block; a frower.</def>

<h1>Frow</h1>
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<hw>Frow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Brittle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Froward</h1>
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<hw>Fro"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fro</ets> + <ets>-ward</ets>. See <er>Fro</er>, and cf. <er>Fromward</er>.]</ety> <def>Not willing to yield or compIy with what is required or is reasonable; perverse; disobedient; peevish; <as>as, a <ex>froward</ex> child</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>froward</b> man soweth strife.
<i>Prov. xvi. 28.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>froward</b> retention of custom is as turbulent a thing as innovation.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Untoward; wayward; unyielding; ungovernable: refractory; obstinate; petulant; cross; peevish. See <er>Perverse</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fro"ward*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> --  <wf>Fro"ward*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Frower</h1>
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<hw>Frow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>frow</ets> a frower, and Prov. E, <ets>frommard</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tool. See 2d <er>Frow</er>.</def>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Frowey</h1>
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<hw>Frow"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Frow</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>Working smoothly, or without splitting; -- said of timber.</def>

<h1>Frown</h1>
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<hw>Frown</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. &, p. p.</tt> <er>Frowned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Frowning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>froignier</ets>, F. <ets>frogner</ets>, <ets>in se refrogner</ets>, <ets>se renfrogner</ets>, to knit the brow, to frown; perh. of Teutonic origin; cf. It. <ets>in frigno</ets> wrinkled, frowning, Prov. It. <ets>frignare</ets> to cringe the face, to make a wry face, dial. Sw. <ets>fryna</ets> to make a wry face,]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To contract the brow in displeasure, severity, or sternness; to scowl; to put on a stern, grim, or surly look.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>frowning</b> wrinkle of her brow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To manifest displeasure or disapprobation; to look with disfavor or threateningly; to lower; <as>as, polite society <ex>frowns</ex> upon rudeness</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The sky doth <b>frown</b> and lower upon our army.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frown</h1>
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<hw>Frown</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To repress or repel by expressing displeasure or disapproval; to rebuke with a look; <as>as, <ex>frown</ex> the impudent fellow into silence</as>.</def>

<h1>Frown</h1>
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<hw>Frown</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wrinkling of the face in displeasure, rebuke, etc.; a sour, severe, or stere look; a scowl.</def>

<blockquote>His front yet threatens, and his <b>frowns</b> command.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Her very <b>frowns</b> are fairer far
Than smiles of other maidens are.
<i>H. Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any expression of displeasure; <as>as, the <ex>frowns</ex> of Providence; the <ex>frowns</ex> of Fortune.</as></def>

<h1>Frowningly</h1>
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<hw>Frown"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a frowning manner.</def>

<h1>Frowny</h1>
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<hw>Frown"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Frowning; scowling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Her <b>frowny</b> mother's ragged shoulder.
<i>Sir F. Palgrave.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frowy</h1>
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<hw>Frow"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Frowzy</er>, <er>Frouzy</er>.]</ety> <def>Musty. rancid; <as>as, <ex>frowy</ex> butter</as>.</def> "<i>Frowy</i> feed."

<i>Spenser</i>

<h1>Frowzy</h1>
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<hw>Frow"zy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Frouzy</er>.]</ety> <def>Slovenly; unkempt; untidy; frouzy.</def> "With head all <i>frowzy</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>frowzy</b> soldiers' wives hanging out clothes.
<i>W. D. Howells.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Froze</h1>
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<hw>Froze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Freeze</er>.</def>

<h1>Frozen</h1>
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<hw>Fro"zen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Congealed with cold; affected by freezing; <as>as, a <ex>frozen</ex> brook</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They warmed their <b>frozen</b> feet.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Subject to frost, or to long and severe cold; chilly; <as>as, the <ex>frozen</ex> north; the <ex>frozen</ex> zones.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Cold-hearted; unsympathetic; unyielding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Be not ever <b>frozen</b>, coy.
<i>T. Carew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frozenness</h1>
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<hw>Fro"zen*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being frozen.</def>

<h1>Frubish</h1>
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<hw>Frub"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Furbish</er>.]</ety> <def>To rub up: to furbish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. c& Et.</i>

<h1>Fructed</h1>
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<hw>Fruc"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fructus</ets> fruit. See <er>Fruit</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Bearing fruit; -- said of a tree or plant so represented upon an escutcheon.</def>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<h1>Fructescence</h1>
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<hw>Fruc*tes"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fructus</ets> fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The maturing or ripening of fruit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Martyn.</i>

<h1>Fructiculose</h1>
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<hw>Fruc*tic"u*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fruitful; full of fruit.</def>

<h1>Fructidor</h1>
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<hw>Fruc`ti`dor"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>fructus</ets> fruit.]</ety> <def>The twelfth month of the French republican calendar; -- commencing August 18, and ending September 16. See <er>Vend\'82miaire</er>.</def>

<h1>Fructiferuos</h1>
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<hw>Fruc*tif"er*uos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fructifer</ets>; <ets>fructus</ets> fruit + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear; cf. F. <ets>fructif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing or producing fruit.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Fructification</h1>
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<hw>Fruc`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fructificatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fructification</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of forming or producing fruit; the act of fructifying, or rendering productive of fruit; fecundation.</def>

<blockquote>The prevalent <b>fructification</b> of plants.
<i>Sir T. Brown.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The collective organs by which a plant produces its fruit, or seeds, or reproductive spores.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The process of producing fruit, or seeds, or spores.</def>

<hr>
<page="600">
Page 600<p>

<--p. 600 -->

<h1>Fructify</h1>
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<hw>Fruc"ti*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fructifier</ets>, L. <ets>fructificare</ets>; <ets>fructus</ets> fruit + <ets>ficare</ets> (only in comp.), akin to L. <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Fruit</er>, and <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <def>To bear fruit.</def> "Causeth the earth to <i>fructify</i>."

<i>Beveridge.</i>

<h1>Fructify</h1>
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<hw>Fruc"ti*fy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fructified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fructifying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make fruitful; to render productive; to fertilize; <as>as, to <ex>fructify</ex> the earth</as>.</def>

<h1>Fructose</h1>
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<hw>Fruc*tose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fructus</ets> fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Fruit sugar; levulose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Fructuary</h1>
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<hw>Fruc"tu*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fructuaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>fructuarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who enjoys the profits, income, or increase of anything.</def>

<blockquote>Kings are not proprietors nor <b>fructuaries</b>.
<i>Prynne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fructuation</h1>
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<hw>Fruc"tu*a`tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Produce; fruit,</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Fructuous</h1>
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<hw>Fruc"tu*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fructuosus</ets>: cf, F. <ets>fructueux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fruitful; productive; profitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Nothing <b>fructuous</b> or profitable.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fruc"tu*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> --  <wf>Fruc"tu*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Fructure</h1>
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<hw>Fruc"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frui</ets>, <ets>p. p. fructus</ets>, to enjoy. See <er>Fruit</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Use; fruition; enjoyment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Frue vanner</h1>
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<hw>Frue" van"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A moving, inclined, endless apron on which ore is concentrated by a current of water; a kind of buddle.</def>

<h1>Frugal</h1>
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<hw>Fru"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frugalis</ets>, fr. <ets>frugi</ets>, lit., for <ets>fruit</ets>; hence, fit for food, useful, proper, temperate, the dative of <ets>frux</ets>, <ets>frugis</ets>, fruit, akin to E. <ets>fruit</ets>: cf. F. <ets>frugal</ets>. See <er>Fruit</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Economical in the use or appropriation of resources; not wasteful or lavish; wise in the expenditure or application of force, materials, time, etc.; characterized by frugality; sparing; economical; saving; <as>as, a <ex>frugal</ex> housekeeper; <ex>frugal</ex> of time.</as></def>

<blockquote>I oft admire
How Nature, wise and <b>frugal</b>, could commit
Such disproportions.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Obtained by, or appropriate to, economy; <as>as, a frugal fortune</as>.</def> "<i>Frugal</i> fare."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Frugality</h1>
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<hw>Fru*gal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Frugalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>frugalitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>frugalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being frugal; prudent economy; that careful management of anything valuable which expends nothing unnecessarily, and applies what is used to a profitable purpose; thrift; --- opposed to <i>extravagance</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Frugality</b> is founded on the principle that all riches have
limits.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sparing use; sparingness; <as>as, frugality of praise</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Economy; parsimony. See <er>Economy</er>.</syn>

<h1>Frugally</h1>
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<hw>Fru"gal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Thriftily; prudently.</def>

<h1>Frugalness</h1>
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<hw>Fru"gal*ness</hw><def>, <tt>n.</tt> Quality of being frugal; frugality.</def>

<h1>Frugiferous</h1>
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<hw>Fru*gif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frugifer</ets>; <ets>frux</ets>, <ets>frugis</ets>, fruit + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>frugifere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing fruit; fruitful; fructiferous.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Frugivora</h1>
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<hw>Fru*giv"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Frugivorous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fruit bate; a group of the Cheiroptera, comprising the bats which live on fruits. See <cref>Eruit bat</cref>, under <er>Fruit</er>.</def>

<h1>Frugivorous</h1>
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<hw>Fru*giv"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frux</ets>, <ets>frugis</ets>, fruit + <ets>vorare</ets> to devour.: cf. F. <ets>frugivore</ets>.]</ety> <def>Feeding on fruit, as birds and other animals.</def>

<i>Pennant.</i>

<h1>Fruit</h1>
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<hw>Fruit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fruit</ets>, <ets>frut</ets>, F. <ets>fruit</ets>, from L. <ets>fructus</ets> enjoyment, product, fruit, from <ets>frui</ets>, p. p. <ets>fructus</ets>, to enjoy; akin to E. <ets>brook</ets>, <tt>v. t.</tt> See <er>Broook</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Fructify</er>, <er>Frugal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Whatever is produced for the nourishment or enjoyment of man or animals by the processes of vegetable growth, as corn, grass, cotton, flax, etc.; -- commonly used in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>Six years thou shalt sow thy land, and shalt gather in the
<b>fruits</b> thereof.
<i>Ex. xxiii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>The pulpy, edible seed vessels of certain plants, especially those grown on branches above ground, as apples, oranges, grapes, melons, berries, etc. See 3.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The ripened ovary of a flowering plant, with its contents and whatever parts are consolidated with it.</def>

<note>&hand; Fruits are classified as <i>fleshy</i>, <i>drupaceous</i>, and -<i>dry</i>. <i>Fleshy fruits</i> include berries, gourds, and melons, orangelike fruita and pomes; <i>drupaceous fruits</i> are stony within and fleshy without, as peaches, plums, and chercies;and <i>dry fruits</i> are further divided into <i>achenes</i>, <i>follicles</i>, <i>legumes</i>, <i>capsules</i>, <i>nuts</i>, and several other kinds.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The spore cases or conceptacles of flowerless plants, as of ferns, mosses, algae, etc., with the spores contained in them.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The produce of animals; offspring; young; <as>as, the fruit of the womb, of the loins, of the body</as>.</def>

<blockquote>King Edward's <b>fruit</b>, true heir to the English crown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>That which is produced; the effect or consequence of any action; advantageous or desirable product or result; disadvantageous or evil consequence or effect; <as>as, the fruits of labor, of self-denial, of intemperance</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>fruit</b> of rashness.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What I obtained was the <b>fruit</b> of no bargain.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They shall eat the <b>fruit</b> of their doings.
<i>Is. iii 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>fruits</b> of this education became visible.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Fruit</i> is frequently used adjectively, signifying <i>of</i>, <i>for</i>, <i>or pertaining to</i> a <i>fruit</i> or <i>fruits</i>; as, <i>fruit</i> bud; <i>fruit</i> frame; <i>fruit</i> jar; <i>fruit</i> knife; <i>fruit</i> loft; <i>fruit</i> show; <i>fruit</i> stall; <i>fruit</i> tree; etc.</note>

<cs><col>Fruit bat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the Frugivora; -- called also <altname>fruit-eating bat</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Fruit bud</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a bud that produces fruit; -- in most oplants the same as the power bud.</cd> <col>Fruit dot</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a collection of fruit cases, as in ferns.</cd> See <er>Sorus</er>. -- <col>Fruit fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small dipterous insect of the genus <spn>Drosophila</spn>, which lives in fruit, in the larval state.</cd> -- <col>Fruit jar</col>, <cd>a jar for holding preserved fruit, usually made of glass or earthenware.</cd> -- <col>Fruit pigeon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of numerous species of pigeons of the family <spn>Carpophagid\'91</spn>, inhabiting India, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. They feed largely upon fruit. and are noted for their beautiful colors.</cd> -- <col>Fruit sugar</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of sugar occurring, naturally formed, in many ripe fruits, and in honey; levulose. The name is also, though rarely, applied to <i>invert sugar</i>, or to the natural mixture or dextrose and levulose resembling it, and found in fruits and honey.</cd> -- <col>Fruit tree</col> <fld>(Hort.)</fld>, <cd>a tree cultivated for its edible fruit.</cd> -- <col>Fruit worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of numerous species of insect larv\'91: which live in the interior of fruit. They are mostly small species of Lepidoptera and Diptera.</cd> -- <col>Small fruits</col> <fld>(Hort.)</fld>, <cd>currants, raspberries, strawberries, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fruit</h1>
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<hw>Fruit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To bear fruit.</def>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Fruitage</h1>
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<hw>Fruit"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fruitage</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fruit, collectively; fruit, in general; fruitery.</def>

<blockquote>The trees . . . ambrosial <b>fruitage</b> bear.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Product or result of any action; effect, good or ill.</def>

<h1>Fruiter</h1>
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<hw>Fruit"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>A ship for carrying fruit.</def>

<h1>Fruiterer</h1>
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<hw>Fruit"er*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fruitier</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who deals in fruit; a seller of fruits.</def>

<h1>Fruiteress</h1>
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<hw>Fruit"er*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who sells fruit.</def>

<h1>Fruitery</h1>
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<hw>Fruit"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fruiteries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>fruiterie</ets> place where fruit is kept, in OF. also, <ets>fruitage</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Fruit, taken collectively; fruitage.</def>

<i>J. Philips.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A repository for fruit.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Fruitestere</h1>
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<hw>Fruit"es*tere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fruiteress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ftuitful</h1>
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<hw>Ftuit"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of fruit; producing fruit abundantly; bearing results; prolific; fertile; liberal; bountiful; <as>as, a <ex>fruitful</ex> tree, or season, or soil; a <ex>fruitful</ex> wife.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fruit"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fruit"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Be <b>fruitful</b> and multiply and replenish the earth.
<i>Gen. i. 28.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[Nature] By disburdening grows
More <b>fruitful</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The great <b>fruitfulness</b> of the poet's fancy.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Fertile; prolific; productive; fecund; plentiful; rich; abundant; plenteous. See <er>Fertile</er>.</syn>

<h1>Fruiting</h1>
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<hw>Fruit"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or producing, fruit.</def>

<h1>Fruiting</h1>
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<hw>Fruit"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The bearing of fruit.</def>

<h1>Fruition</h1>
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<hw>Fru*i"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>fruition</ets>, L. <ets>fruitio</ets>, enjoyment, fr. L. <ets>frui</ets>, p. p. <ets>fruitus</ets>, to use or enjoy. See <er>Fruit</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Use or possession of anything, especially such as is accompanied with pleasure or satisfaction; pleasure derived from possession or use. "Capacity of <i>fruition</i>." <i>Rogers</i>. "Godlike <i>fruition</i>." <i>Milton</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Where I may have <b>fruition</b> of her love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fruitive</h1>
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<hw>Fru"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fruition</er>.]</ety> <def>Eujoying; possessing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Fruitless</h1>
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<hw>Fruit"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lacking, or not bearing, fruit; barren; destitute of offspring; <as>as, a <ex>fruitless</ex> tree or shrub; a <ex>fruitless</ex> marriage.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Productive of no advantage or good effect; vain; idle; useless; unprofitable; <as>as, a <ex>fruitless</ex> attempt; a <ex>fruitless</ex> controversy.</as></def>

<blockquote>They in mutual accusation spent
The <b>fruitless</b> hours.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Useless; barren; unprofitable; abortive; ineffectual; vain; idle; profitless. See <er>Useless</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fruit"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fruit"lness*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fruit'y</h1>
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<hw>Fruit'y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the odor, taste, or appearance of fruit; also, fruitful.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Frumentaceous</h1>
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<hw>Fru"men*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frumentaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>frumentum</ets> corn or grain, from the root of <ets>frux</ets> fruit: cf. F. <ets>frumentac\'82</ets>. See <er>Frugal</er>.]</ety> <def>Made of, or resembling, wheat or other grain.</def>

<h1>Frumentarious</h1>
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<hw>Fru`men*ta"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. frumentarius.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to wheat or grain.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coles.</i>

<h1>Frumentation</h1>
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<hw>Fru`men*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frumentatio</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A largess of grain bestowed upon the people, to quiet them when uneasy.</def>

<h1>Frumenty</h1>
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<hw>Fru"men*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>froment\'82e</ets>, fr. L. <ets>frumentum</ets>. See <er>Frumentaceous</er>.]</ety> <def>Food made of hulled wheat boiled in milk, with sugar, plums, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>furmenty</asp> and <asp>furmity</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Frump</h1>
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<hw>Frump</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E. <ets>frumple</ets> to wrinkle, ruffle, D. <ets>frommelen</ets>.]</ety> <def>To insult; to flout; to mock; to snub.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Frump</h1>
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<hw>Frump</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A contemptuous speech or piece of conduct; a gibe or flout.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cross, old-fashioned person; esp., an old woman; a gossip.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Frumper</h1>
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<hw>Frump"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mocker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Frumpish</h1>
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<hw>Frump"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cross-tempered; scornful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Old-fashioned, as a woman's dress.</def>

<blockquote>Our Bell . . . looked very <b>frumpish</b>.
<i>Foote.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frush</h1>
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<hw>Frush</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>froisser</ets> to bruise. Cf. <er>Froise</er>.]</ety> <def>To batter; to break in pieces.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I like thine armor well;
I'll <b>frush</b> it and unlock the rivets all.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frush</h1>
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<hw>Frush</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Easily broken; brittle; crisp.</def>

<h1>Frush</h1>
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<hw>Frush</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Noise; clatter; crash.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Frush</h1>
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<hw>Frush</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>frosch</ets>, <ets>frosk</ets>, a frog (the animal), G. <ets>frosch</ets> frog (the animal), also carney or lampass of horses. See <er>Frog</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.]</ety>  <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>The frog of a horse's foot.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A discharge of a fetid or ichorous matter from the frog of a horse's foot; -- also caled <altname>thrush.</altname></def>

<h1>Frustrable</h1>
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<hw>Frus"tra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frustrabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>frustable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of beeing frustrated or defeated.</def>

<h1>Frustraneous</h1>
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<hw>Frus*tra"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Frustrate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Vain; useless; unprofitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Frustrate</h1>
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<hw>Frus"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frustratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>frustrare</ets>, <ets>frustrari</ets>, to deceive, frustrate, fr. <ets>frustra</ets> in vain, witout effect, in erorr, prob. for <ets>frudtra</ets> and akin to <ets>fraus</ets>, E. <ets>fraud</ets>.]</ety> <def>Vain; ineffectual; useless; unprofitable; null; voil; nugatory; of no effect.</def> "Our <i>frustrate</i> search."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Frustrate</h1>
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<hw>Frus"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Frustrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Frustrating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring to nothing; to prevent from attaining a purpose; to disappoint; to defeat; to baffle; <as>as, to <ex>frustrate</ex> a plan, design, or attempt; to <ex>frustrate</ex> the will or purpose.</as></def>

<blockquote>Shall the adversary thus obtain
His end and <b>frustrate</b> thine ?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make null; to nullifly; to render invalid or of no effect; <as>as, to <ex>frustrate</ex> a conveyance or deed</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To balk; thwart; foil; baffle; defeat.</syn>

<h1>Frustrately</h1>
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<hw>Frus"trate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In vain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Vicars.</i>

<h1>Frustration</h1>
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<hw>Frus*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frustratio</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>frustration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of frustrating; disappointment; defeat; as, the <i>frustration</i> of one's designs</def>

<h1>Frustrative</h1>
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<hw>Frus"tra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to defeat; fallacious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Frustratory</h1>
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<hw>Frus"tra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frustrotorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>frustratoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Making void; rendering null; <as>as, a frustratory appeal</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Frustule</h1>
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<hw>Frus"tule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frustulum</ets>, dim. fr. <ets>frustum</ets> a piece: cf. F. <ets>frustule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The siliceous shell of a diatom. It is composed of two valves, one overlapping the other, like a pill box and its cover.</def>

<h1>Frustulent</h1>
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<hw>Frus"tu*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frustulentus</ets>. See <er>Frustule</er>.]</ety> <def>Abounding in fragments.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Frustum</h1>
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<hw>Frus"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Frusta</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Frustums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>fruslum</ets> piece, bit.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The part of a solid next the base, formed by cutting off the, top; or the part of any solid, as of a cone, pyramid, etc., between two planes, which may be either parallel or inclined to each other.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One of the drums of the shaft of a column.</def>

<h1>Frutage</h1>
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<hw>Frut"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Fruitage</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A picture of fruit; decoration by representation of fruit.</def>

<blockquote>The cornices consist of <b>frutages</b> and festoons.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A confection of fruit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Frutescent</h1>
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<hw>Fru*tes"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>frulex</ets>, <ets>fruticis</ets>, shrub, bush: cf. F. <ets>frutescent</ets>, L. <ets>fruticescens</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Somewhat shrubby in character; imperfectly shrubby, as the American species of Wistaria.</def>

<h1>Frutex</h1>
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<hw>Fru"tex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant having a woody, durable stem, but less than a tree; a shrub.</def>

<h1>Fruticant</h1>
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<hw>Fru"ti*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fruticans</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>fruticare</ets>, to become bushy, fr. <ets>frutex</ets>, fruticis, shrub.]</ety> <def>Full of shoots.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Fruticose</h1>
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<hw>Fru"ti*cose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fruticosus</ets>, from frutex, <ets>fruticis</ets>, shrub]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a shrub or shrubs; branching like a shrub; shrubby; shrublike; <as>as, a <ex>fruticose</ex> stem</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Fruticous</h1>
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<hw>Fru"ti*cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Fruticose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Fruticulose</h1>
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<hw>Fru*tic"u*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Dim. fr. L. <ets>fruticosus</ets> bushy: cf. F. <ets>fruticuleux</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Like, or pertaining to, a small shrub.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Fry</h1>
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<hw>Fry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fried</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Frying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>frien</ets>, F. <ets>frire</ets>, fr. L. frigere to roast, parch, <ets>fry</ets>, cf. Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>bhrajj</ets>. Cf. <er>Fritter</er>.]</ety> <def>To cook in a pan or on a griddle (esp. with the use of fat, butter, or olive oil) by heating over a fire; to cook in boiling lard or fat; <as>as, to <ex>fry</ex> fish; to <ex>fry</ex> doughnuts.</as></def>

<h1>Fry</h1>
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<hw>Fry</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To undergo the process of frying; to be subject to the action of heat in a frying pan, or on a griddle, or in a kettle of hot fat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To simmer; to boil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With crackling flames a caldron <b>fries</b>.
<i>Dryden</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The frothy billows <b>fry</b>.

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To undergo or cause a disturbing action accompanied with a sensation of heat.</def>

<blockquote>To keep the oil from <b>frying</b> in the stomach.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be agitated; to be greatly moved.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What kindling motions in their breasts do <b>fry</b>.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ery</h1>
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<hw>Ery</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A dish of anything fried.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of excitement; <as>as, to be in a fry</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Fry</h1>
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<hw>Fry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fri</ets>, <ets>fry</ets>, seed, descendants, cf. OF. <ets>froye</ets> spawning, spawn of. fishes, little fishes, fr. L. <ets>fricare</ets> tosub (see <er>Friction</er>), but cf. also Icel. <ets>fr\'91</ets>, <ets>frj\'d3</ets>, seed, Sw. & Dan. <ets>fr\'94</ets>, Goth. <ets>fraiw</ets> seed, descendants.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The young of any fish.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A swarm or crowd, especially of little fishes; young or small things in general.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>fry</b> of children young.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To sever . . . the good fish from the other <b>fry</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We have burned two frigates, and a hundred and twenty small <b>fry</b>.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Frying</h1>
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<hw>Fry"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process denoted by the verb <i>fry</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Frying pan</col>, <cd>an iron pan with a long handle, used for frying meat. vegetables, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fuage</h1>
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<hw>Fu"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Fumage</er>.</def>

<h1>Fuar</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Feuar</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Fub, Fubs</h1>
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<hw>Fub</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fubs</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Fob</er> a pocket.]</ety> <def>A plump young person or child.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Fub</h1>
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<hw>Fub</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[The same word as <ets>fob</ets> to cheat.]</ety> <def>To put off by trickery; to cheat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I have been <b>fubbed</b> off, and <b>fubbed</b> off, and fabbed off, from this day to that day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fubbery</h1>
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<hw>Fub"ber*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cheating; deception.</def>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Fubby, Fubsy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fub"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fub"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Plump; chubby; short and stuffy; as a <i>fubsy</i> sofa.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>fubsy</b>, good-humored, silly . . . old maid.
<i>Mme. D'Arblay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fucate, Fucated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fu"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fu"ca*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fucatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>fucare</ets> to color, paint, fr. <ets>fucus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Painted; disguised with paint, or with false show.</def>

<h1>Fuchs</h1>
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<hw>Fuchs</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., prop., a fox.]</ety> <fld>(German Univ.)</fld> <def>A student of the first year.</def>

<h1>Fuchsia</h1>
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<hw>Fuch"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Fuchsias</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Fuchsl\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. Named after Leonard <ets>Fuchs</ets>, a German botanist.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of flowering plants having elegant drooping flowers, with four sepals, four petals, eight stamens, and a single pistil. They are natives of Mexico and South America. Double-flowered varieties are now common in cultivation.</def>

<hr>
<page="601">
Page 601<p>

<h1>Fuchsine</h1>
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<hw>Fuch"sine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named by the French inventor, from <ets>Fuchs</ets> a fox, the German equivalent of his own name, <ets>Renard</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Aniline red; an artificial coal-tar dyestuff, of a metallic green color superficially, resembling cantharides, but when dissolved forming a brilliant dark red. It consists of a hydrochloride or acetate of rosaniline. See <er>Rosaniline</er>.</def>

<h1>Fucivorous</h1>
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<hw>Fu*civ"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fucus</ets> + L. <ets>vorare</ets> to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Eating fucus or other seaweeds.</def>

<h1>Fucoid</h1>
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<hw>Fu"coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fucus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Properly, belonging to an order of alga: (<spn>Fucoide\'91</spn>) which are blackish in color, and produce o\'94spores which are not fertilized until they have escaped from the conceptacle. The common rockweeds and the gulfweed (<spn>Sargassum</spn>) are fucoid in character.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In a vague sense, resembling seaweeds, or of the nature of seaweeds.</def>

<h1>Fucoid</h1>
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<hw>Fu"coid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant, whether recent or fossil, which resembles a seaweed. See <er>Fucoid</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Fucoidal</h1>
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<hw>Fu*coid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Fucoid.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Containing impressions of fossil fucoids or seaweeds; <as>as, fucoidal sandstone</as>.</def>

<h1>Fucus</h1>
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<hw>Fu"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fuci</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. rock lichen, orchil, used as a red dye, red or purple color, disguise, deceit.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A paint; a dye; also, false show.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of tough, leathery seaweeds, usually of a dull brownish green color; rockweed.</def>

<note>&hand; Formerly most marine alg? were called <i>fuci</i>.</note>

<h1>Fucusol</h1>
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<hw>Fu"cu*sol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fucus</ets> + L. <ets>oleum</ets> oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oily liquid, resembling, and possibly identical with, furfurol, and obtained from fucus, and other seaweeds.</def>

<h1>Fud</h1>
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<hw>Fud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The tail of a hare, coney, etc.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Woolen waste, for mixing with mungo and shoddy.</def>

<h1>Fudder</h1>
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<hw>Fud"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Fodder</er>, a weight.</def>

<h1>Fuaddle</h1>
<Xpage=601>

<hw>Fuad"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.,</tt> <er>Fuddled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fuddling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Perh. formed as a kind of dim. of full. Cf. <er>Fuzzle</er>.]</ety> <def>To make foolish by drink; to cause to become intoxicated.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>I am too <b>fuddled</b> to take care to observe your orders.
<i>Steele.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fuddle</h1>
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<hw>Fud"dle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To drink to excess.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Fuddler</h1>
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<hw>Fud"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A drunkard.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Baxter.</i>

<h1>Fudge</h1>
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<hw>Fudge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. F. <ets>fuche</ets>, <ets>feuche</ets>, an interj. of contempt.]</ety> <def>A made-up story; stuff; nonsense; humbug; -- often an exclamation of contempt.</def>

<h1>Fudge</h1>
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<hw>Fudge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fudged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fudging</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make up; to devise; to contrive; to fabricate.</def>

<blockquote><b>Fudged</b> up into such a smirkish liveliness.
<i>N. Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To foist; to interpolate.</def>

<blockquote>That last "suppose" is <b>fudged</b> in.
<i>Foote</i></blockquote>.

<h1>Fudge wheel</h1>
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<hw>Fudge" wheel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Shoemaking)</fld> <def>A tool for ornamenting the edge of a sole.</def>

<h1>Fuegian</h1>
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<hw>Fu*e"gi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Terra del Fuego.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Terra del Fuego.</def></def2>

<h1>Fuel</h1>
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<hw>Fu"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>fouail</ets>, <ets>fuail</ets>, or <ets>fouaille</ets>, <ets>fuaille</ets>, LL. <ets>focalium</ets>, <ets>focale</ets>, fr. L. <ets>focus</ets> hearth, fireplace, in LL., fire. See <er>Focus</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>fewel.</asp>]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> Any matter used to produce heat by burning; that which feeds fire; combustible matter used for fires, as wood, coal, peat, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything that serves to feed or increase passion or excitement.</def>

<cs><col>Artificial fuel</col>, <cd>fuel consisting of small particles, as coal dust, sawdust, etc., consolidated into lumps or blocks.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fael</h1>
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<hw>Fa"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To feed with fuel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Never, alas I the dreadful name,
That <b>fuels</b> the infernal flame.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To store or furnish with fuel or firing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Well watered and well <b>fueled</b>.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fueler</h1>
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<hw>Fu"el*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, supplies fuel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>fueller</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Fuero</h1>
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<hw>Fu*e"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. L. <ets>forum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Sp. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A code; a charter; a grant of privileges.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A custom having the force of law.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A declaration by a magistrate.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A place where justice is administered.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>The jurisdiction of a tribunal.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Fuff</h1>
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<hw>Fuff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Of imitative origin. Cf. <er>Puff</er>.]</ety> <def>To puff.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. A Local, U. S.]</mark>

<i>Halliwel.</i>

<h1>Fuffy</h1>
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<hw>Fuff"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Light; puffy.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Fuga</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A fugue.</def>

<h1>Fugacious</h1>
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<hw>Fu*ga"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fugax</ets>, <ets>fugacis</ets>, from <ets>fugere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fugace</ets>. See <er>Fugitive</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Flying, or disposed to fly; fleeing away; lasting but a short time; volatile.</def>

<blockquote>Much of its possessions is so hid, so fugacious, and of so uncertain purchase.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Fleeting; lasting but a short time; -- applied particularly to organs or parts which are short-lived as compared with the life of the individual.</def>

<h1>Fugaciousness</h1>
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<hw>Fu*ga"cious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fugacity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fugacity</h1>
<Xpage=601>

<hw>Fu*gac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L <ets>fugacitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fugacit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being fugacious; fugaclousness; volatility; <as>as, <ex>fugacity</ex> of spirits</as>.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Uncertainty; instability.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Fugacy</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ga*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Banishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Fugato</h1>
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<hw>Fu*ga"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>in the gugue style, but not strictly like a fugue.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A composition resembling a fugue.</def></def2>

<h1>Fugh</h1>
<Xpage=601>

<hw>Fugh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>An exclamation of disgust; foh; faugh.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Fughetta</h1>
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<hw>Fu*ghet"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>a short, condensed fugue.</def>

<i>Grove.</i>

<h1>Fugitive</h1>
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<hw>Fu"gi*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fugitif</ets>, F. <ets>fugitif</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fugitivus</ets>, fr. <ets>fugere</ets> to flee. See <er>Bow</er> to bend, and cf. <er>Feverfew</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fleeing from pursuit, danger, restraint, etc., escaping, from service, duty etc.; <as>as, a <ex>fugitive</ex> solder; a <ex>fugitive</ex> slave; <ex>a fugitive</ex> debtor.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>fugitive</b> Parthians follow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Can a <b>fugitive</b> daughter enjoy herself while her parents are in tear?
<i>Richardson</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A libellous pamphlet of a fugitive physician.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not fixed; not durable; liable to disappear or fall away; volatile; uncertain; evanescent; liable to fade; -- applied to material and immaterial things; <as>as, <ex>fugitive</ex> colors; a <ex>fugitive</ex> idea.</as></def>

<blockquote>The me more tender and fugitive parts, the leaves . . . of vegatables.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fugitive compositions</col>, <cd>Such as are short and occasional, and so published that they quickly escape notice.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Fleeting; unstable; wandering; uncertain; volatile; fugacious; fleeing; evanescent.</syn>

<h1>Fugitive</h1>
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<hw>Fu"gi*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who flees from pursuit, danger, restraint, service, duty, etc.; a deserter; <as>as, a <ex>fugitive</ex> from justice</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something hard to be caught or detained.</def>

<blockquote>Or Catch that airy <b>fugitive</b> called wit.
<i>Harte.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fugitive from justice</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one who, having committed a crime in one jurisdiction, flees or escapes into another to avoid punishment.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fugitively</h1>
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<hw>Fu"gi*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fugitive manner.</def>

<h1>Fugitiveness</h1>
<Xpage=601>

<hw>Fu"gi*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being fugitive; evanescence; volatility; fugacity; instability.</def>

<h1>Fugle</h1>
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<hw>Fu"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To maneuver; to move hither and thither.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Wooden arms with elbow joints jerking and <b>fugling</b> in the
air.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fugleman</h1>
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<hw>Fu"gle*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fuglemen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[G. <ets>fl\'81gelmann</ets> file leader; <ets>fl\'81gel</ets> wing (akin to E. fly) + <ets>mann</ets> man. Cf. <er>Flugrelman</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A soldier especially expert and well drilled, who takes his place in front of a military company, as a guide for the others in their exercises; a file leader. He originally stood in front of the right wing.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>flugelman</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, one who leads the way.</def> <mark>[Jocose]</mark>

<h1>Fugue</h1>
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<hw>Fugue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>fuga</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fuga</ets> a fleeing, flight, akin to <ets>fugere</ets> to fiee. See <er>Fugitive</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A polyphonic composition, developed from a given theme or themes, according to strict contrapuntal rules. The theme is first given out by one voice or part, and then, while that pursues its way, it is repeated by another at the interval of a fifth or fourth, and so on, until all the parts have answered one by one, continuing their several melodies and interweaving them in one complex progressive whole, in which the theme is often lost and reappears.</def>

<blockquote>All parts of the scheme are eternally chasing each other, like the parts of a <b>fugue</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fuguist</h1>
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<hw>Fu"guist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A musician who composes or performs fugues.</def>

<i>Busby.</i>

<h1>-ful</h1>
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<hw>-ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Full</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A suffix signifying <i>full of</i>, <i>abounding with</i>; <as>as, boast<ex>ful</ex>, harm<ex>ful</ex>, woe<ex>ful</ex></as>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Fulahs<def>, Foolahs</h1>
<Xpage=601>

<hw>Fu"lahs`</hw><def>, <hw>Foo"lahs`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Fulah</singw>, <singw>Foolan</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> A peculiar African race of uncertain origin, but distinct from the negro tribes, inhabiting an extensive region of Western Soudan. Their color is brown or yellowish bronze. They are Mohammedans. Called also <altname>Fellatahs</altname>, <altname>Foulahs</altname>, and <altname>Fellani</altname>. Fulah is also used adjectively; <as>as, <ex>Fulah</ex> empire, tribes, language</as>.</def>

<h1>Fulbe</h1>
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<hw>Ful"be</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Fulahs</er>.</def>

<h1>Fuldble</h1>
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<hw>Ful"d*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fulcire</ets> to prop.]</ety> <def>Capable of being propped up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Fulciment</h1>
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<hw>Ful"ci*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fulcimentum</ets>, fr. <ets>fulcire</ets> to prop.]</ety> <def>A prop; a fulcrum.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i>

<h1>Fulcra</h1>
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<hw>Ful"cra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Fulcrum</er>.</def>

<h1>Fulcrate</h1>
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<hw>Ful"crate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fulcrum</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Propped; supported by accessory organs.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Furnished with fulcrums.</def>

<h1>Fulcrum</h1>
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<hw>Ful"crum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Fulcra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Fulcrums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., bedpost, fr. <ets>fulcire</ets> to prop.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A prop or support.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>That by which a lever is sustained, or about which it turns in lifting or moving a body.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An accessory organ such as a tendril, stipule, spine, and the like.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The horny inferior surface of the lingua of certain insects.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the small, spiniform scales found on the front edge of the dorsal and caudal fins of many ganoid fishes.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The connective tissue supporting the framework of the retina of the eye.</def>

<h1>Fulfill</h1>
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<hw>Ful*fill"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fulfilled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fulfilling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fulfillen</ets>, <ets>fulfullen</ets>, AS. <ets>fulfyllan</ets>; <ets>ful</ets> full + <ets>fyllan</ets> to fill. See</tt> <er>Full</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Fill</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>fulfil.</asp>]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fill up; to make full or complete.</def> <mark>[>Obs.]</mark> "<i>Fulfill</i> her week"

<i>Gen. xxix. 27.</i>

<blockquote>Suffer thou that the children be <b>fulfilled</b> first, for it is not good to take the bread of children and give to hounds.
<i>Wyclif (Mark vii. 27).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To accomplish or carry into effect, as an intention, promise, or prophecy, a desire, prayer, or requirement, etc.; to complete by performance; to answer the requisitions of; to bring to pass, as a purpose or design; to effectuate.</def>

<blockquote>He will, <b>fulfill</b> the desire of them fear him.
<i>Ps. cxlv. 199.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Here Nature seems <b>fulfilled</b> in all her ends.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Servants must their masters' minds <b>fulfill</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fulfiller</h1>
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<hw>Ful*fill"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fulfills.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Fulfillment</h1>
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<hw>Ful*fill"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>fulfilment</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of fulfilling; accomplishment; completion; <as>as, the <ex>fulfillment</ex> of prophecy</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Execution; performance; <as>as, the <ex>fulfillment</ex> of a promise</as>.</def>

<h1>Fulgency</h1>
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<hw>Fulgen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>fulgent</er>.]</ety> <def>Brightness; splendor; glitter; effulgence.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Fulgent</h1>
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<hw>Ful"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fulgens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>fulgere</ets> to flash, glitter, shine, akin to Gr. <?/ to burn. See <er>Phlox</er>, <er>Flagrant</er>.]</ety> <def>Exquisitely bright; shining; dazzling; effulgent.</def>

<blockquote>Other Thracians . . . <b>fulgent</b> morions wore.
<i>Glower.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fulgently</h1>
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<hw>Ful"gent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Dazzlingly; glitteringly.</def>

<h1>Fulgid</h1>
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<hw>Ful"gid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fulgidus</ets>. See <er>Fulgent</er>.]</ety> <def>Shining; glittering; dazzling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Fulgidity</h1>
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<hw>Ful*gid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Splendor; resplendence; effulgence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Fulgor</h1>
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<hw>Ful"gor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fulgor</ets>, fr. <ets>fulgere</ets> to shine.]</ety> <def>Dazzling brightness; splendor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Fulgurant</h1>
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<hw>Ful"gu*rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fulgurans</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>fulgurare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lightening.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Fulgurata</h1>
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<hw>Ful"gu*ra"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Electricity)</fld> <def>A spectro-electric tube in which the decomposition of a liquid by the passage of an electric spark is observed.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Fulgurate</h1>
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<hw>Ful"gu*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fulguratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>fulgurare</ets> to flash, fr. <ets>fulgur</ets> lightning, fr. <ets>fulgere</ets> to shine. See <er>Fulgent</er>.]</ety> <def>To flash as lightning.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Fulgurating</h1>
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<hw>Ful"gu*ra`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Resembling lightning; -- used to describe intense lancinating painsaccompanying locomotor ataxy.</def>

<h1>Fulguration</h1>
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<hw>Ful"gu*ra`tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fulguratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fulguration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of lightening.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Assaying)</fld> <def>The sudden brightening of a fused globule of gold or silver, when the last film of the oxide of lead or copper leaves its surface; -- also called <altname>blick.</altname></def>

<blockquote>A phenomenon called, by the old chemists, <b>fulguration</b>.
<i>Ure.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fulgurite</h1>
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<hw>Ful"gu*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fulguritus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>fulgurire</ets> to strike with lightning, fr. <ets>fulgur</ets> lightning: cf. F. <ets>fulgurite</ets>.]</ety> <def>A vitrified sand tube produced by the striking of lightning on sand; a lightning tube; also, the portion of rock surface fused by a lightning discharge.</def>

<h1>Fulgury</h1>
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<hw>Ful"gu*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fulgur</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lightning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fulham</h1>
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<hw>Ful"ham</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So named because supposed to have been chiefly made at Fulham, in Middlesex, Eng.) A false die.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>fullam</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fuliginosity</h1>
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<hw>Fu*lig"i*nos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fuliginosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The condition or quality of being fuliginous; sootiness; matter deposited by smoke.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Fuliginous</h1>
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<hw>Fu*lig"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fuliginosus</ets>, from fuligo soot: cf. F. fuligineux. See <er>Fume</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to soot; sooty; dark; dusky.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to smoke; resembling smoke.</def>

<h1>Fuliginously</h1>
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<hw>Fu*lig"i*nous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a smoky manner.</def>

<h1>Fulimart</h1>
<Xpage=601>

<hw>Fu"li*mart</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Foumart</er>.</def>

<h1>Full</h1>
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<hw>Full</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Fuller</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; superl. <er>Fullest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. & AS. <ets>ful</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>ful</ets>, D. <ets>vol</ets>, OHG. <ets>fol</ets>, G. <ets>voll</ets>, Icel. <ets>fullr</ets>, Sw. <ets>full</ets>, Dan. <ets>fuld</ets>, Goth. <ets>fulls</ets>, L. <ets>plenus</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>p<?/rna full</ets>, <ets>pr<?/</ets> to fill, also to Gr. <?/ much, E. <ets>poly-</ets>, pref., G. <ets>viel</ets>, AS. <ets>fela</ets>. &root;80. Cf. <er>Complete</er>, <er>Fill</er>, <er>Plenary</er>, <er>Plenty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Filled up, having within its limits all that it can contain; supplied; not empty or vacant; -- said primarily of hollow vessels, and hence of anything else; <as>as, a cup <ex>full</ex> of water; a house <ex>full</ex> of people.</as></def>

<blockquote>Had the throne been <b>full</b>, their meeting would not have been regular.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Abundantly furnished or provided; sufficient in. quantity, quality, or degree; copious; plenteous; ample; adequate; <as>as, a <ex>full</ex> meal; a <ex>full</ex> supply; a <ex>full</ex> voice; a <ex>full</ex> compensation; a house <ex>full</ex> of furniture.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not wanting in any essential quality; complete, entire; perfect; adequate; <as>as, a <ex>full</ex> narrative; a person of <ex>full</ex> age; a <ex>full</ex> stop; a <ex>full</ex> face; the <ex>full</ex> moon.</as></def>

<blockquote>It came to pass, at the end of two <b>full</b> years, that Pharaoh
dreamed.
<i>Gen. xii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The man commands
Like a <b>full</b> soldier.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I can not
Request a <b>fuller</b> satisfaction
Than you have freely granted.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Sated; surfeited.</def>

<blockquote>I am <b>full</b> of the burnt offerings of rams.
<i>Is. i. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Having the mind filled with ideas; stocked with knowledge; stored with information.</def>

<blockquote>Reading maketh a <b>full</b> man.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Having the attention, thoughts, etc., absorbed in any matter, and the feelings more or less excited by it, <as>as, to be <ex>full</ex> of some project</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Every one is <b>full</b> of the miracles done by cold baths on decayed and weak constitutions.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Filled with emotions.</def>

<blockquote>The heart is so <b>full</b> that a drop overfills it.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Impregnated; made pregnant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ilia, the fair, . . . <b>full</b> of Mars.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>At full</col>, <cd><cd>when full or complete.</cd> <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Full age</col> <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>the age at which one attains full personal rights; majority; -- in England and the United States the age of 21 years. <i>Abbott</i>.</cd> -- <col>Full and by</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>sailing closehauled, having all the sails <i>full</i>, and lying as near the wind as poesible.</cd> -- <col>Full band</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a band in which all the instruments are employed.</cd> -- <col>Full binding</col>, <cd>the binding of a book when made wholly of leather, as distinguished from half binding.</cd> -- <col>Full bottom</col>, <cd>a kind of wig <i>full</i> and large at the bottom.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Full</col> <col>brother &or; sister</col></mcol>, <cd>a brother or sister having the same parents as another.</cd> -- <col>Full cry</col> <fld>(Hunting)</fld>, <cd>eager chase; -- said of hounds that have caught the scent, and give tongue together.</cd> -- <col>Full dress</col>, <cd>the dress prescribed by authority or by etiquette to be worn on occasions of ceremony.</cd> -- <col>Full hand</col> <fld>(Poker)</fld>, <cd>three of a kind and a pair.</cd> -- <col>Full moon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The moon with its whole disk illuminated, as when opposite to the sun.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The time when the moon is full.</cd> -- <col>Full organ</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the organ when all or most stops are out.</cd> -- <col>Full score</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a score in which all the parts for voices and instruments are given.</cd> -- <col>Full sea</col>, <cd>high water.</cd> -- <col>Full swing</col>, <cd>free course; unrestrained liberty; "Leaving corrupt nature to . . . the <i>full swing</i> and freedom of its own extravagant actings." South (<mark>Colloq</mark>.)</cd> -- <col>In full</col>, <cd>at length; uncontracted; unabridged; written out in words, and not indicated by figures.</cd> -- <col>In full blast</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blast</er>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="602">
Page 602<p>

<h1>Full</h1>
<Xpage=602>

<hw>Full</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Complete measure; utmost extent; the highest state or degree.</def>

<blockquote>The swan's-down feather,
That stands upon the swell at <b>full</b> of tide.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Full of the moon</col>, <cd>the time of full moon.</cd></cs>

<h1>Full</h1>
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<hw>Full</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Quite; to the same degree; without abatement or diminution; with the whole force or effect; thoroughly; completely; exactly; entirely.</def>

<blockquote>The pawn I proffer shall be <b>full</b> as good.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The diapason closing <b>full</b> in man.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Full</b> in the center of the sacred wood.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Full is placed before adjectives and adverbs to heighten or strengthen their signification. "Full sad." <i>Milton</i>. "Master of a <i>full</i> poor cell." <i>Shak</i>. "<i>Full</i> many a gem of purest ray serene." <i>T. Gray</i>.

<i>Full</i> is also prefixed to participles to express utmost extent or degree; as, <i>full</i>-bloomed, <i>full</i>-blown, <i>full</i>-crammed <i>full</i>-grown, <i>full</i>-laden, <i>full</i>-stuffed, etc. Such compounds, for the most part, are self-defining.</note>

<h1>Full</h1>
<Xpage=602>

<hw>Full</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become full or wholly illuminated; <as>as, the moon fulls at midnight</as>.</def>

<h1>Full</h1>
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<hw>Full</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fulled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fulling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>fullen</ets>, OF. <ets>fuler</ets>, <ets>fouler</ets>, F. <ets>fouler</ets>, LL. <ets>fullare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fullo</ets> fuller, cloth fuller, cf. Gr. <?/ shining, white, AS. <ets>fullian</ets> to whiten as a fuller, to baptize, <ets>fullere</ets> a fuller. Cf. <er>Defile</er> to foul, <er>Foil</er> to frustrate, <er>Fuller</er>. <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety> <def>To thicken by moistening, heating, and pressing, as cloth; to mill; to make compact; to scour, cleanse, and thicken in a mill.</def>

<h1>Full</h1>
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<hw>Full</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become fulled or thickened; <as>as, this material <ex>fulls</ex> well</as>.</def>

<h1>Fullage</h1>
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<hw>Full"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The money or price paid for fulling or cleansing cloth.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Fullam</h1>
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<hw>Ful"lam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A false die. See <er>Fulham</er>.</def>

<h1>Full-blooded</h1>
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<hw>Full"-blood`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a full supply of blood.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of pure blood; thoroughbred; <as>as, a <ex>full-blooded</ex> horse</as>.</def>

<h1>Full-bloomed</h1>
<Xpage=602>

<hw>Full"-bloomed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a perfect blossom.</def> "<i>Full-bloomed</i> lips."

<i>Crashaw.</i>

<h1>Full-blown</h1>
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<hw>Full"-blown`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fully expanded, as a blossom; <as>as, a <ex>full-bloun</ex> rose</as>.</def>

<i>Denham.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fully distended with wind, as a sail.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Full-bottomed</h1>
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<hw>Full"-bot"tomed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full and large at the bottom, as wigs worn by certain civil officers in Great Britain.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Of great capacity below the water line.</def>

<h1>Full-butt</h1>
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<hw>Full"-butt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With direct and violentop position; with sudden collision.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Full-drive</h1>
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<hw>Full`-drive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With full speed.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Fuller</h1>
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<hw>Full"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>fullere</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fullo</ets>. See <er>Full</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>One whose occupation is to full cloth.</def>

<cs><col>Fuller's earth</col>, <cd>a variety of clay, used in scouring and cleansing cloth, to imbibe grease.</cd> -- <col>Fuller's herb</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the soapwort (<spn>Saponaria officinalis</spn>), formerly used to remove stains from cloth.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fuller's thistle &or; weed</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the teasel (<spn>Dipsacus fullonum</spn>) whose burs are used by fullers in dressing cloth. See <er>Teasel</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fuller</h1>
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<hw>Full"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Full</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Blacksmith's Work)</fld> <def>A die; a half-round set hammer, used for forming grooves and spreading iron; -- called also a <altname>creaser</altname>.</def>

<h1>Fuller</h1>
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<hw>Full"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form a groove or channel in, by a fuller or set hammer; <as>as, to <ex>fuller</ex> a bayonet</as>.</def>

<h1>Fullery</h1>
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<hw>Full"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fulleries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>The place or the works where the fulling of cloth is carried on.</def>

<h1>Full-formed</h1>
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<hw>Full"-formed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full in form or shape; rounded out with flesh.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>full-formed</b> maids of Afric.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Full-grown</h1>
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<hw>Full"-grown`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having reached the limits of growth; mature.</def> "<i>Full-grown</i> wings."

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Full-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Full"-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of courage or confidence.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Full-hot</h1>
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<hw>Full"-hot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Very fiery.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fulling</h1>
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<hw>Full"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of cleansing, shrinking, and thickening cloth by moisture, heat, and pressure.</def>

<cs><col>Fulling mill</col>, <cd>a mill for fulling cloth as by means of pesties or stampers, which alternately fall into and rise from troughs where the cloth is placed with hot water and fuller's earth, or other cleansing materials.</cd></cs>

<h1>Full-manned</h1>
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<hw>Full"-manned`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Completely furnished wiith men, as a ship.</def>

<h1>Fullmart</h1>
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<hw>Full"mart"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Foumart</er>.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Fullness</h1>
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<hw>Full"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being full, or of abounding; abundance; completeness.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>fulness</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>"In thy presence is fullness of joy."
<i>Ps. xvi. 11.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fullonical</h1>
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<hw>Ful*lon"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fullonicus</ets>, from fullo a cloth fuller.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a fuller of cloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Full-orbed</h1>
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<hw>Full"-orbed`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the orb or disk complete or fully illuminated; like the full moon.</def>

<h1>Full-sailed</h1>
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<hw>Full"-sailed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having all its sails set,; hence, without restriction or reservation.</def>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Full-winged</h1>
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<hw>Full"-winged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having large and strong or complete wings.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Beady for flight; eager.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Fully</h1>
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<hw>Ful"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a full manner or degree; completely; entirely; without lack or defect; adequately; satisfactorily; <as>as, to be fully persuaded of the truth of a proposition</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Fully committed</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>committed to prison for trial, in distinction from being detained for examination.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Completely; entirely; maturely; plentifuly; abundantly; plenteously; copiously; largely; amply; sufficiently; perfectly.</syn>

<h1>Fulmar</h1>
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<hw>Ful"mar</hw> <tt>(f&ucr;lm&aum;r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>f&umac;lm&amac;r</ets>. See <er>foul</er>, and <er>Man</er> a gull.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of sea birds, of the family <spn>procellariid\'91</spn>, allied to the albatrosses and petrels. Among the well-known species are the arctic fulmar (<spn>Fulmarus glacialis</spn>) (called also <stype>fulmar petrel</stype>, <stype>malduck</stype>, and <stype>mollemock</stype>), and the giant fulmar (<spn>Ossifraga gigantea</spn>).</def>

<h1>Fulminant</h1>
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<hw>Ful"mi*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fulminans</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>fulminare</ets> to lighten: cf. F. <ets>fulminant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Thundering; fulminating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Fulminate</h1>
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<hw>Ful"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fulminated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fulminating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>fulminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>fulminare</ets> to lighten, strike with lightning, fr. <ets>fulmen</ets> thunderbolt, fr. <ets>fulgere</ets> to shine. See <er>Fulgent</er>, and cf. <er>Fulmine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To thunder; hence, to make a loud, sudden noise; to detonate; to explode with a violent report.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To issue or send forth decrees or censures with the assumption of supreme authority; to thunder forth menaces.</def>

<h1>Fulminate</h1>
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<hw>Ful"mi*nate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to explode.</def>

<i>Sprat.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To utter or send out with denunciations or censures; -- said especially of menaces or censures uttered by ecclesiastical authority.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>fulminated</b> the most hostile of all decrees.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fulminate</h1>
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<hw>Ful"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. P. <ets>fulminate</ets>. See <er>Fulminate</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A salt of fulminic acid. See under <er>Fulminic</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A fulminating powder.</def>

<cs><col>Fulminate of gold</col>, <cd>an explosive compound of gold; -- called also <altname><i>fulminating<i> gold</altname>, and <altname>aurum <i>fulminans<i></altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fulminating</h1>
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<hw>Ful"mi*na"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Thundering; exploding in a peculiarly sudden or violent manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hurling denunciations, menaces, or censures.</def>

<cs><col>Fulminating oil</col>, <cd>nitroglycerin.</cd> -- <col>Fulminating powder</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> any violently explosive powder, but especially one of the fulminates, as mercuric fulminate.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fulmination</h1>
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<hw>Ful"mi*na`tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fulminatio</ets> a darting of lightning: cf. F. <ets>fulmination</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of fulminating or exploding; detonation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of thundering forth threats or censures, as with authority.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is fulminated or thundered forth; vehement menace or censure.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>fulminations</b> from the Vatican were turned into ridicule.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fulminatory</h1>
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<hw>Ful"mi*na*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fulminatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Thundering; striking terror.</def>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Fulmine</h1>
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<hw>Ful"mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fulminer</ets>. See <er>Fulminate</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>To thunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser. Milton.</i>

<h1>Fulmine</h1>
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<hw>Ful"mine</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shoot; to dart like lightning; to fulminate; to utter with authority or vehemence.</def>

<blockquote>She <b>fulmined</b> out her scorn of laws Salique.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fulmineous</h1>
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<hw>Ful*min"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. fulmen thunder.]</ety> <def>Of, or concerning thunder.</def>

<h1>Fulmiaic</h1>
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<hw>Ful*mia"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fulminique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to fulmination; detonating; specifically <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, pertaining to, derived from, or denoting, an acid, so called; <as>as, fulminic acid</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Fulminic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a complex acid, <chform>H2C2N2O2</chform>, isomeric with cyanic and cyanuric acids, and not known in the free state, but forming a large class of highly explosive salts, the fulminates. Of these, mercuric fulminate, the most common, is used, mixed with niter, to fill percussion caps, charge cartridges, etc. -- Fulminic acid is made by the action of nitric acid on alcohol.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fulminuric</h1>
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<hw>Ful"mi*nu"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fulminic</ets> + cyanuric.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to fulminic and cyanuric acids, and designating an acid so called.</def>

<cs><col>Fulminuric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white, crystalline, explosive subatance, <chform>H3C3N3O3</chform>, forming well known salts, and obtained from the fulnunates. It is isomeric with cyanuric acid, and hence is also called isocyanuric acid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Falness</h1>
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<hw>Fal"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Fullness</er>.</def>

<h1>Fulsamic</h1>
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<hw>Ful*sam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fulsome</er>.]</ety> <def>Fulsome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fulsome</h1>
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<hw>Ful"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Full</ets>, a. + <ets>-some</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full; abundant; plenteous; not shriveled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His lean, pale, hoar, and withered corpse grew <b>fulsome</b>, fair, and fresh.
<i>Golding.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Offending or disgusting by overfullness, excess, or grossness; cloying; gross; nauseous; esp., offensive from excess of praise; <as>as, fulsome flattery</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And lest the <b>fulsome</b> artifice should fail
Themselves will hide its coarseness with a veil.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lustful; wanton; obscene; also, tending to obscenity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Fulsome ewes."

<i>Shak.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ful"some*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ful"some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Fulvid</h1>
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<hw>Ful"vid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>fulvidus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fulvus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fulvous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Fulvous</h1>
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<hw>Ful"vous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fulvus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tawny; dull yellow, with a mixture of gray and brown.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<h1>Fum</h1>
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<hw>Fum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To play upon a fiddle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Follow me, and <b>fum</b> as you go.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fumacious</h1>
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<hw>Fu*ma"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From Fume.]</ety> <def>Smoky; hence, fond of smoking; addicted to smoking tobacco.</def>

<mhw><h1>Fumade, Fumado</h1>
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<hw>Fu*made"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fu*ma"do</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Fumades</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <plw>Fumadoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp. <ets>fumodo</ets> smoked, p. p. of <ets>fumar</ets> to smoke, fr. L. <ets>fumare</ets>. See <er>Fume</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>A salted and smoked fish, as the pilchard.</def>

<h1>Fumage</h1>
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<hw>Fu"mage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>fumage</ets>, <ets>fumaige</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fumus</ets> smoke.]</ety> <def>Hearth money.</def>

<blockquote><b>Fumage</b>, or fuage, vulgarly called smoke farthings.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fumarate</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ma*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of fumaric acid.</def>

<h1>Fumaric</h1>
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<hw>Fu*mar"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, fumitory (<spn>Fumaria officinalis</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>Fumaric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a widely occurring organic acid, exttracted from fumitory as a white crystallline substance, <chform>C2H2(CO2H)2</chform>, and produced artificially in many ways, as by the distillation of malic acid; boletic acid. It is found also in the lichen, Iceland moss, and hence was also called <altname>lichenic acid</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fumarine</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ma*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fumus</ets> smoke, fume.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid extracted from fumitory, as a white crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Fumarole</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ma*role</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>fumaruola</ets>, fr. <ets>fumo</ets> smoke, L. <ets>fumus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fumerolle</ets>, <ets>fumarolle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hole or spot in a volcanic or other region, from which fumes issue.</def>

<h1>Fumatory</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ma*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Fumitory</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fumble</h1>
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<hw>Fum"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fumbled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fumbling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>fommelen</ets> to crumple, fumble, Sw. <ets>fumla</ets> to fusuble, <ets>famla</ets> to grope, Dan. <ets>famle</ets> to grope, <ets>fumble</ets>, Icel. <ets>falme</ets>, AS. <ets>folm</ets> palm of the hand. See <er>Feel</er>, and cf. <er>Fanble</er>, <er>Palm</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To feel or grope about; to make awkward attempts to do or find something.</def>

<blockquote>Adams now began to <b>fumble</b> in his pockets.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grope about in perplexity; to seek awkwardly; <as>as, to <ex>fumble</ex> for an excuse</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>My understanding flutters and my memory <b>fumbles</b>.
<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Alas! how he <b>fumbles</b> about the domains.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To handle much; to play childishly; to turn over and over.</def>

<blockquote>I saw him <b>fumble</b> with the sheets, and play with flowers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fumble</h1>
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<hw>Fum"ble</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To handle or manage awkwardly; to crowd or tumble together.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fumbler</h1>
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<hw>Fum"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fumbles.</def>

<h1>Fumblingly</h1>
<Xpage=602>

<hw>Fum"bling*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of one who fumbles.</def>

<h1>Fume</h1>
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<hw>Fume</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fumus</ets>; akin to Skr. <ets>dh<?/ma</ets> smoke, <ets>dh<?/</ets> to shake, fan a flame, cf. Gr. <?/ to sacrifice, storm, rage, <?/, <?/, thyme, and perh. to E. dust: cf. OF. <ets>fum</ets> smoke, F. <ets>fum\'82e</ets>. Cf. <er>Dust</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Femerell</er>, <er>Thyme</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exhalation; volatile matter (esp. noxious vapor or smoke) ascending in a dense body; smoke; vapor; reek; <as>as, the fumes of tobacco</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>fumes</b> of new shorn hay.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>fumes</b> of undigested wine.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control; <as>as, the fumes of passion</as>.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything vaporlike, unsubstantial, or' airy; idle conceit; vain imagination.</def>

<blockquote>A show of fumes and fancies.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The incense of praise; inordinate flattery.</def>

<blockquote>To smother him with <b>fumes</b> and eulogies.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>In a fume</col>, <cd>in ill temper, esp. from impatience.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fume</h1>
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<hw>Fume</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fumed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fuming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fumer</ets>, L. <ets>fumare</ets> to smoke. See <er>Fume</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To smoke; to throw off fumes, as in combustion or chemical action; to rise up, as vapor.</def>

<blockquote>Where the golden altar <b>fumed</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Silenus lay,
Whose constant cups lay <b>fuming</b> to his brain.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied.</def>

<blockquote>Keep his brain <b>fuming</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pass off in fumes or vapors.</def>

<blockquote>Their parts pre kept from <b>fuming</b> away by their fixity.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be in a rage; to be hot with anger.</def>

<blockquote>He frets, he <b>fumes</b>, he stares, he stamps the ground.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>While her mother did fret, and her father did <b>fume</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To tame away</col>, <cd>to give way to excitement and displeasure; to storm; also, to pass off in fumes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fume</h1>
<Xpage=602>

<hw>Fume</hw>, <tt>e. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To expose to the action of fumes; to treat with vapors, smoke, etc.; <as>as, to bleach straw by <ex>fuming</ex> it with sulphur</as>; to fill with fumes, vapors, odors, etc., as a room.</def>

<blockquote>She <b>fumed</b> the temple with an odorous flame.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To praise inordinately; to flatter.</def>

<blockquote>They demi-deify and <b>fume</b> him so.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To throw off in vapor, or as in the form of vapor.</def>

<blockquote>The heat will <b>fume</b> away most of the scent.
<i>Montimer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How vicious hearts <b>fume</b> frenzy to the brain!
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fumeless</h1>
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<hw>Fume"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from fumes.</def>

<h1>Fumer</h1>
<Xpage=602>

<hw>Fum"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One that fumes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who makes or uses perfumes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Embroiderers, feather makers, <b>fumers</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fumerell</h1>
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<hw>Fu"mer*ell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Femerell</er>.</def>

<h1>Fumet</h1>
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<hw>Fu"met</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fumier</ets> dung, OF. <ets>femier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fimus</ets> dung.]</ety> <def>The dung of deer.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Fumet Fumette</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fu"met</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <hw>Fu*mette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fumet</ets> odor, <ets>fume</ets> of wine or meat, fr. L. <ets>fumus</ets> smoke. See <er>Fume</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>The stench or high flavor of game or other meat when kept long.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Fumetere</h1>
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<hw>Fu"me*tere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fumitory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fumid</h1>
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<hw>Fu"mid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fumidus</ets>, fr. <ets>fumus</ets> smoke. See <er>Fume</er>.]</ety> <def>Smoky; vaporous.</def>

<i>Sir T. Broune.</i>

<h1>Fumidity, Fumidness</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fu*mid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fu"mid*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being fumid; smokiness.</def>

<h1>Fumiferous</h1>
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<hw>Fu*mif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fumifer</ets>; <ets>fumus</ets> smoke + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Producing smoke.</def>

<h1>Fumifugist</h1>
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<hw>Fu*mif"u*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fumus</ets> smoke + <ets>fugare</ets> to put to flight, fugere to flee.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, drives away smoke or fumes.</def>

<h1>Fumify</h1>
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<hw>Fu"mi*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fume</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To subject to the action of smoke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Fumigant</h1>
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<hw>Fu"mi*gant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fumigans</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>fumigare</ets>. See <er>Fumigate</er>.]</ety> <def>Fuming.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Fumigate</h1>
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<hw>Fu"mi*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fumigated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fumigating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>fumigate</ets>, p. p. of <ets>fumigare</ets> to fumigate, fr. <ets>fumus</ets> smoke. See <er>Fume</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To apply smoke to; to expose to smoke or vapor; to purify, or free from infection, by the use of smoke or vapors.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To smoke; to perfume.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Fumigation</h1>
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<hw>Fum`iga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fumigation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of fumigating, or applying smoke or vapor, as for disinfection.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Vapor raised in the process of fumigating.</def>

<h1>Fumigator</h1>
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<hw>Fu"mi*ga`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, fumigates; an apparattus for fumigating.</def>

<h1>Fumigatory</h1>
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<hw>Fu"mi*ga*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fumigatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of purifying by smoke.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="603">
Page 603<p>

<h1>Fumlly</h1>
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<hw>Fum"l*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Smokily; with fume.</def>

<h1>Fuming</h1>
<Xpage=603>

<hw>Fum"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Producing fumes, or vapors.</def>

<cs><col>Cadet's fuming liquid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>alkarsin.</cd> -- <col>Fuming liquor of Libsvius</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>stannic chloride; the chloride of tin, <chform>SnCl4</chform>, forming a colorless, mobile liquid which fumes in the air.</cd> Mixed with water it solidifies to the so-called <i>butter of tin</i>. -- <col>Fuming sulphuric acid</col></mcol>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>Same as <i>Disulphuric acid<i>, uder <er>Disulphuric</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fumingly</h1>
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<hw>Fum"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fuming manner; angrily.</def> "They answer <i>fumingly</i>."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Famish</h1>
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<hw>Fam"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Smoky; hot; choleric.</def>

<h1>Fumishness</h1>
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<hw>Fum"ish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Choler; fretfulness; passion.</def>

<h1>Fumitez</h1>
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<hw>Fu"mi*tez`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Fumitory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fumitory</h1>
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<hw>Fu"mi*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fumetere</ets>, F. <ets>fumeterre</ets>, prop., smoke of the ground, fr. L. <ets>fumus</ets> smoke + <ets>terra</ets> earth. See <er>Fume</er>, and <er>Terrace</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common uame of several species of the genus Fumaria, annual herbs of the Old World, with finely dissected leaves and small flowers in dense racemes or spikes. <spn>F. officinalis</spn> is a common species, and was formerly used as an antiscorbutic.</def>

<cs><col>Climbing fumitory</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the Alleghany vine (<spn>Adlumia cirrhosa</spn>); a biennial climbing plant with elegant feathery leaves and large clusters of pretty white or pinkish flowers looking like grains of rice.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fummel</h1>
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<hw>Fum"mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hinny.</def>

<h1>Fumosity</h1>
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<hw>Fu*mos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>fumosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The fumes of drink.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Fumous</h1>
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<hw>Fum"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fumosus</ets>, fr. <ets>fumus</ets> smoke: cf. F. <ets>fumeux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Producing smoke; smoky.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Producing fumes; full of fumes.</def>

<blockquote>Garlic, onions, mustard, and such-like fumous things.
<i>Barough (1625).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fumy</h1>
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<hw>Fum"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Producing fumes; fumous.</def> "Drowned in <i>fumy</i> wine."

<i>H. Brooke.</i>

<h1>Fun</h1>
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<hw>Fun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>fonn</ets> pleasure.]</ety> <def>Sport; merriment; frolicsome amusement.</def> "Oddity, frolic, and <i>fun</i>."

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<cs><col>To make fan of</col>, <cd>to hold up to, or turn into, ridicule.</cd></cs>

<h1>Funambulate</h1>
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<hw>Fu*nam"bu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Funambulo</er>.]</ety> <def>To walk or to dance on a rope.</def>

<h1>Funambulation</h1>
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<hw>Fu*nam"bu*la`tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ropedancing.</def>

<h1>Funambulatory</h1>
<Xpage=603>

<hw>Fu*nam"bu*la`to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Performing like a ropedancer.</def>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Narrow, like the walk of a ropedancer.</def>

<blockquote>This funambulatory track.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Funambulist</h1>
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<hw>Fu*nam"bu*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A ropewalker or ropedancer.</def>

<h1>Funambulo, Funambulus</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fu*nam"bu*lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fu*nam"bu*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>funambulo</ets>, or It. <ets>funambolo</ets>, fr. L. <ets>funambulus</ets>; funis rope (perh. akin to E. <ets>bind</ets>) + <ets>ambulare</ets> to walk. See <er>Amble</er>, and cf. <er>Funambulist</er>.]</ety> <def>A ropewalker or ropedancer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Function</h1>
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<hw>Func"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>functio</ets>, fr. <ets>fungi</ets> to perform, execute, akin to Skr. <ets>bhuj</ets> to enjoy, have the use of: cf. F. <ets>fonction</ets>. Cf. <er>Defunct</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of executing or performing any duty, office, or calling; per formance.</def> "In the <i>function</i> of his public calling."

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The appropriate action of any special organ or part of an animal or vegetable organism; <as>as, the <ex>function</ex> of the heart or the limbs; the <ex>function</ex> of leaves, sap, roots, etc.; life is the sum of the <ex>functions</ex> of the various organs and parts of the body.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The natural or assigned action of any power or faculty, as of the soul, or of the intellect; the exertion of an energy of some determinate kind.</def>

<blockquote>As the mind opens, and its <b>functions</b> spread.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The course of action which peculiarly pertains to any public officer in church or state; the activity appropriate to any business or profession.</def>

<blockquote>Tradesmen . . . going about their <b>functions</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The malady which made him incapable of performing his
regal <b>functions.</b>
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A quantity so connected with another quantity, that if any alteration be made in the latter there will be a consequent alteration in the former. Each quantity is said to be a <i>function</i> of the other. Thus, the circumference of a circle is a <i>function</i> of the diameter. If <it>x</it> be a symbol to which different numerical values can be assigned, such expressions as x<exp>2</exp>, 3<exp>x</exp>, Log. <it>x</it>, and Sin. <it>x</it>, are all <ex>functions</ex> of <it>x</it>.</def>

<cs><col>Algebraic function</col>, <cd>a quantity whose connection with the variable is expressed by an equation that involves only the algebraic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to a given power, and extracting a given root; -- opposed to <i>transcendental function</i>.</cd> -- <col>Arbitrary function</col>. <cd>See under <er>Arbitrary</er>.</cd> -- <col>Calculus of functions</col>. <cd>See under <er>Calculus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Carnot's function</col> <fld>(Thermo-dynamics)</fld>, <cd>a relation between the amount of heat given off by a source of heat, and the work which can be done by it. It is approximately equal to the mechanical equivalent of the thermal unit divided by the number expressing the temperature in degrees of the air thermometer, reckoned from its zero of expansion.</cd> -- <col>Circular functions</col>. <cd>See <cref>Inverse trigonometrical functions</cref> (below). -- Continuous function, a quantity that has no interruption in the continuity of its real values, as the variable changes between any specified limits.</cd> -- <col>Discontinuous function</col>. <cd>See under <er>Discontinuous</er>.</cd> -- <col>Elliptic functions</col>, <cd>a large and important class of functions, so called because one of the forms expresses the relation of the arc of an ellipse to the straight lines connected therewith.</cd> -- <col>Explicit function</col></mcol>, <cd><cd>a quantity directly expressed in terms of the independently varying quantity; thus, in the equations <mathex>y = 6x<exp>2</exp><mathex>, <mathex>y = 10 -x<exp>3</exp><mathex>, the quantity <it>y<it> is an explicit function of <it>x.<it></cd> -- <col>Implicit function</col>, <cd>a quantity whose relation to the variable is expressed indirectly by an equation; thus, <it>y<it> in the equation <mathex>x<exp>2</exp> + y<exp>2</exp> = 100<mathex> is an implicit function of <it>x.<it></cd></cd> -- <mcol><col>Inverse trigonometrical functions</col>, &or; <col>Circular function</col><cd></mcol>, <cd>the lengths of arcs relative to the sines, tangents, etc. Thus, AB is the arc whose sine is BD, and (if the length of BD is <i>x<i>) is written <fexp>sin <exp>-1</exp>x<fexp>, and so of the other lines. See <cref>Trigonometrical function</cref> (below). Other transcendental functions are the <i>exponential functions<i>, the <i>elliptic functions<i>, the <i>gamma functions<i>, the <i>theta functions<i>, etc.</cd></cd> -- <mcol><col>One-valued function</col>, <cd>a quantity that has one, and only one, value for each value of the variable.</cd> -- <col>Transcendental functions</col>, <cd>a quantity whose connection with the variable cannot be expressed by algebraic operations; thus, <it>y</it> in the equation <mathex>y = 10<exp>x</exp></mathex> is a transcendental function of <it>x.</it> See <cref>Algebraic function</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Trigonometrical function</col></mcol>, <cd>a quantity whose relation to the variable is the same as that of a certain straight line drawn in a circle whose radius is unity, to the length of a corresponding are of the circle. Let AB be an arc in a circle, whose radius OA is unity let AC be a quadrant, and let OC, DB, and AF be drawnpependicular to OA, and EB and CG parallel to OA, and let OB be produced to G and F. E Then BD is the sine of the arc AB; OD or EB is the cosine, AF is the tangent, CG is the cotangent, OF is the secant OG is the cosecant, AD is the versed sine, and CE is the coversed sine of the are AB. If the length of AB be represented by <it>x<it> (OA being unity) then the lengths of Functions. these lines (OA being unity) are the trigonometrical functions of <it>x<it>, and are written <fexp>sin x</fexp>, <fexp>cos x</fexp>, <fexp>tan x</fexp> (or <fexp>tang x</fexp>), <fexp>cot x</fexp>, <fexp>sec x</fexp>, <fexp>cosec x</fexp>, <fexp>versin x</fexp>, <fexp>coversin x</fexp>. These quantities are also considered as functions of the angle BOA.</cd></cs>

<h1>Function, Functionate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Func"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Func"tion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To execute or perform a function; to transact one's regular or appointed business.</def>

<h1>Functional</h1>
<Xpage=603>

<hw>Func"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or connected with, a function or duty; official.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the function of an organ or part, or to the functions in general.</def>

<cs><col>Functional disease</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a disease of which the symptoms cannot be referred to any appreciable lesion or change of structure; the derangement of an organ arising from a cause, often unknown, external to itself opposed to <i>organic disease<i>, in which the organ itself is affected.</cd></cs>

<h1>Functionalize</h1>
<Xpage=603>

<hw>Func"tion*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To assign to some function or office.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Functionally</h1>
<Xpage=603>

<hw>Func"tion*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a functional manner; as regards normal or appropriate activity.</def>

<blockquote>The organ is said to be <b>functionally</b> disordered.
<i>Lawrence.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Functionary</h1>
<Xpage=603>

<hw>Func"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Functionaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fonctionnaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>One charged with the performance of a function or office; <as>as, a public <ex>functionary</ex>; secular <ex>functionaries</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Functionless</h1>
<Xpage=603>

<hw>Func"tion*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of function, or of an appropriate organ. Darwin.</def>

<h1>Fund</h1>
<Xpage=603>

<hw>Fund</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>font</ets>, <ets>fond</ets>, nom. <ets>fonz</ets>, bottom, ground, F. <ets>fond</ets> bottom, foundation, <ets>fonds</ets> fund, fr. L. <ets>fundus</ets> bottom, ground, foundation, piece of land. See <er>Found</er> to establish.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An aggregation or deposit of resources from which supplies are or may be drawn for carrying on any work, or for maintaining existence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stock or capital; a sum of money appropriated as the foundation of some commercial or other operation undertaken with a view to profit; that reserve by means of which expenses and credit are supported; <as>as, the <ex>fund</ex> of a bank, commercial house, manufacturing corporation, etc</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The stock of a national debt; public securities; evidences (stocks or bonds) of money lent to government, for which interest is paid at prescribed intervals; -- called also <altname>public funds</altname>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An invested sum, whose income is devoted to a specific object; <as>as, the <ex>fund</ex> of an ecclesiastical society; a <ex>fund</ex> for the maintenance of lectures or poor students</as>; also, money systematically collected to meet the expenses of some permanent object.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A store laid up, from which one may draw at pleasure; a supply; a full provision of resources; <as>as, a <ex>fund</ex> of wisdom or good sense</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An inexhaustible <b>fund</b> of stories.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Sinking fund</col>, <cd>the aggregate of sums of money set apart and invested, usually at fixed intervals, for the extinguishment of the debt of a government, or of a corporation, by the accumulation of interest.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fund</h1>
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<hw>Fund</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Funded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Funding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To provide and appropriate a fund or permanent revenue for the payment of the interest of; to make permanent provision of resources (as by a pledge of revenue from customs) for discharging the interest of or principal of; <as>as, to <ex>fund</ex> government notes</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place in a fund, as money.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To put into the form of bonds or stocks bearing regular interest; <as>as, to <ex>fund</ex> the floating debt</as>.</def>

<h1>Fundable</h1>
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<hw>Fund"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being funded, or converted into a fund; convertible into bonds.</def>

<h1>Fundament</h1>
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<hw>Fun"da*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fundament</ets>, <ets>fundement</ets>, <ets>fondement</ets>, OF. <ets>fundement</ets>, <ets>fondement</ets>, F. <ets>fondement</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fundamentum</ets> foundation, fr. <ets>fundare</ets> to lay the bottom, to found, fr. <ets>fundus</ets> bottom. See <er>Fund</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Foundation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The part of the body on which one sits; the buttocks; specifically <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, the anus.</def>

<i>Hume.</i>

<h1>Fundamental</h1>
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<hw>Fun`da*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fondamental</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation. Hence: Essential, as an element, principle, or law; important; original; elementary; <as>as, a <ex>fundamental</ex> truth; a <ex>fundamental</ex> axiom.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>fundamental</b> reasons of this war.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some <b>fundamental</b> antithesis in nature.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fundamental bass</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the root note of a chord; a bass formed of the roots or fundamental tones of the chords.</cd> -- <col>Fundamental chord</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a chord, the lowest tone of which is its root.</cd> -- <col>Fundamental colors</col>, <cd>red, green, and violet-blue. See <cref>Primary colors</cref>, under <er>Color</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fundamental</h1>
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<hw>Fun"da*men`tal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A leading or primary principle, rule, law, or article, which serves as the groundwork of a system; essential part, <as>as, the <ex>fundamentals</ex> of the Christian faith</as>.</def>

<h1>Fundamentally</h1>
<Xpage=603>

<hw>Fun`da*men"tal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Primarily; originally; essentially; radically; at the foundation; in origin or constituents.</def> "<i>Fundamentally</i> defective."

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Funded</h1>
<Xpage=603>

<hw>Fund"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Existing in the form of bonds bearing regular interest; <as>as, <ex>funded</ex> debt</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Invested in public funds; <as>as, funded money</as>.</def>

<h1>Fundholder</h1>
<Xpage=603>

<hw>Fund"hold"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>One who has money invested in the public funds.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Funding</h1>
<Xpage=603>

<hw>Fund"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Providing a fund for the payment of the interest or principal of a debt.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Investing in the public funds.</def>

<cs><col>Funding system</col>, <cd>a system or scheme of finance or revenue by which provision is made for paying the interest or principal of a public debt.</cd></cs>

<h1>Funuless</h1>
<Xpage=603>

<hw>Funu"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of funds.</def>

<h1>Fundus</h1>
<Xpage=603>

<hw>Fun"dus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., bottom.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bottom or base of any hollow organ; <as>as, the <ex>fundus</ex> of the bladder; the <ex>fundus</ex> of the eye.</as></def>

<h1>Funebrial</h1>
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<hw>Fu*ne"bri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>funebris</ets> belonging to a funeral, fr. <ets>funus</ets> funeral.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a funeral or funerals; funeral; funereal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>funebral</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Funebrious</h1>
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<hw>Fu*ne"bri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Funebrial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Funeral</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ner*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>funeralia</ets>, prop. neut. pl. of <ets>funeralis</ets> of a funeral, fr. L. <ets>funus</ets>, <ets>funeris</ets>, funeral: cf. F. <ets>fun\'82railles</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The solemn rites used in the disposition of a dead human body, whether such disposition be by interment, burning, or otherwise; esp., the ceremony or solemnization of interment; obsequies; burial; -- formerly used in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>King James his <b>funerals</b> were performed very solemnly in the
collegiate church at Westminster.
<i>Euller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The procession attending the burial of the dead; the show and accompaniments of an interment.</def> "The long <i>funerals</i>."

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A funeral sermon; -- usually in the plural.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Mr. Giles Lawrence preached his <b>funerals</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Funeral</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ner*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>funeralis</ets>. See <er>Funeral</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Per. taining to a funeral; used at the interment of the dead; <as>as, <ex>funeral</ex> rites, honors, or ceremonies</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Funeral pile</col>, <cd>a structure of combustible material, upon which a dead body is placed to be reduced to ashes, as part of a funeral rite; a pyre.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fu"ner*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Funerate</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ner*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>funeratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>funerare</ets> to funerate, fr. <ets>funus</ets>. See <er>Funeral</er>.]</ety> <def>To bury with funeral rites.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Funeration</h1>
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<hw>Fu`ner*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>funeratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of burying with funeral rites.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Knatchbull.</i>

<h1>Funereal</h1>
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<hw>Fu*ne"re*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>funereus</ets>, fr. <ets>fentus</ets> a funeral.]</ety> <def>Suiting a funeral; pertaining to burial; solemn. Hence: Dark; dismal; mournful.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>What seem to us but sad <b>funereal</b> tapers May be heaven's distant lamps.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fu*ne"re*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Funest</h1>
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<hw>Fu*nest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>funestus</ets>, fr. <ets>funus</ets> a funeral, destruction: cf. F. <ets>funeste</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lamentable; doleful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Funest</i> and direful deaths."

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<blockquote>A forerunner of something very <b>funest</b>.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fungal</h1>
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<hw>Fun"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to fungi.</def>

<h1>Fungate</h1>
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<hw>Fun"gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fongate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of fungic acid.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>fungiate</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Funge</h1>
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<hw>Funge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fungus</ets> mushroom, dolt.]</ety> <def>A blockhead; a dolt; a fool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Fungi</h1>
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<hw>Fun"gi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Fungus</er>.</def>

<h1>Fungia</h1>
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<hw>Fun"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>fungus</ets> mushroom: cf. F. <ets>fongie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of simple, stony corals; -- so called because they are usually flat and circular, with radiating plates, like the gills of a mushroom. Some of them are eighteen inches in diameter.</def>

<h1>Fungian</h1>
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<hw>Fun"gi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the <spn>Fungid\'91</spn>, a family of stony corals.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the <spn>Fungid\'91</spn>.</def></def2>

<h1>Fungibles</h1>
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<hw>Fun"gi*bles</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[LL. (<ets>res</ets>) <ets>fungibiles</ets>, probably fr. L. <ets>fungi</ets> to discharge. "A barbarous term, supposed to have originated in the use of the words <ets>functionem recipere</ets> in the Digeste." <ets>Bouvier</ets>. "Called <ets>fungibiles</ets>, <ets>quia una alterius</ets> vice fungitur." <ets>John Taylor</ets> (1755). Cf. <er>Function</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Civ. Law)</fld> <def>Things which may be furnished or restored in kind, as distinguished from specific things; -- called also <altname>fungible things</altname>.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>Movable goods which may be valued by weight or measure, in contradistinction from those which must be judged of individually.</def>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Fungic</h1>
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<hw>Fun"gic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fungus</ets> mushroom: cf. F. <ets>fungique</ets>, <ets>fongique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, mushrooms; <as>as, fungic acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Fungicide</h1>
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<hw>Fun"gi*cide`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fungi</ets> + <ets>-cide</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caedere</ets> to kill.]</ety> <def>Anything that kills fungi.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Fun`gi*ci"dal</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Fungiform</h1>
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<hw>Fun"gi*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Eungus</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fongiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like a fungus or mushroom.</def>

<cs><col>Fungiform papill\'91</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>numerous small, rounded eminences on the upper surface of the tongue.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fungilliform</h1>
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<hw>Fun*gil"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shaped like a small fungus.</def>

<h1>Fungin</h1>
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<hw>Fun"gin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fungus</ets> mushroom: cf. F, <ets>fongine</ets>, <ets>fungine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A name formerly given to cellulose found in certain fungi and mushrooms.</def>

<h1>Fungite</h1>
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<hw>Fun"gite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fungus</ets> mushroom: cf. F. <ets>pongite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil coral resembling Fungia.</def>

<h1>Fungivorous</h1>
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<hw>Fun*giv"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fungus + vorare</ets> to eat freedily: cf. F. <ets>fangivore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Eating fungi; -- said of certain insects and snails.</def>

<h1>Fungoid</h1>
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<hw>Fun"goid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fungus</ets> + <ets>-oil</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fongo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like a fungus; fungous; spongy.</def>

<h1>Fungologist</h1>
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<hw>Fun*gol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mycologist.</def>

<h1>Fungology</h1>
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<hw>Fun*gol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fungus</ets> + --<ets>logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mycology.</def>

<h1>Fungosity</h1>
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<hw>Fun*gos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fungosit\'82</ets>, <ets>fongosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of that which is fungous; fungous excrescence.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Fungous</h1>
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<hw>Fun"gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fungosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fungueux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of the nature of fungi; spongy.</def>

<hr>
<page="604">
Page 604<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Growing suddenly, but not substantial or durable.</def>

<h1>Fungus</h1>
<Xpage=604>

<hw>Fun"gus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Fungi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Funguses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a mushroom; perh. akin to a doubtful Gr. <?/ sponge, for <?/ ;if so, cf. E. <ets>sponge</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any one of the Fungi, a large and very complex group of thallophytes of low organization, -- the molds, mildews, rusts, smuts, mushrooms, toadstools, puff balls, and the allies of each.</def>

<note>&hand; The fungi are all destitute of chorophyll, and, therefore, to be supplied with elaborated nourishment, must live as saprophytes or parasites. They range in size from single microscopic cells to systems of entangled threads many feet in extent, which develop reproductive bodies as large as a man's head. The vegetative system consists of septate or rarely unseptate filaments called hyph&ae;; the aggregation of hyph&ae; into structures of more or less definite form is known as the mycelium. See Fungi, in the Supplement.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A spongy, morbid growth or granulation in animal bodies, as the proud flesh of wounds.</def>

<i>Hoblyn.</i>

<h1>Funic</h1>
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<hw>Fu"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Funicular.</def>

<h1>Funicle</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ni*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>funiculus</ets>, dim. of <ets>funis</ets> cord, rope: cf. F. <ets>funicule</ets> funicle (in sense 2). Cf. <er>Funambulo</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small cord, ligature, or fiber.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The little stalk that attaches a seed to the placenta.</def>

<h1>Funicular</h1>
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<hw>Fu*nic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>funiculaire</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of a small cord or fiber.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dependent on the tension of a cord.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a funiculus; made up of, or resembling, a funiculus, or funiculi; <as>as, a funicular ligament</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Funicular action</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the force or action exerted by a rope in drawing together the supports to which its ends are Fastened, when acted upon by forces applied in a direction transverse to the rope, as in the archer's bow.</cd> -- <col>Funicular curve</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Catenary</er>.</cd> -- <col>Funicular machine</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>an apparatus for illustrating certain principles in statics, consisting of a cord or chain attached at one end to a fixed point, and having the other passed over a pulley and sustaining a weight, while one or more other weights are suspended from the cord at points between the fixed support and the pulley.</cd> -- <col>Funicular polygon</col></mcol> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the polygonal figure assumed by a cord fastened at its extremities, and sustaining weights at different points.</cd></cs>

<h1>Funiculate</h1>
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<hw>Fu*nic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Forming a narrow ridge.</def>

<h1>Funiculus</h1>
<Xpage=604>

<hw>Fu*nic"u*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Funiculi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a little cord. See <er>Funicle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>(Anat.) A cord, baud, or bundle of fibers; esp., one of the small bundles of fibers, of which large nerves are made up; applied also to different bands of white matter in the brain and spinal cord.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A short cord which connects the embryo of some myriapods with the amnion.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In Bryozoa, an organ extending back from the stomach. See <er>Bryozoa</er>, and <er>Phylactolema</er>.</def>

<h1>Funiliform</h1>
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<hw>Fu*nil"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>funis</ets> rope + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resembling a cord in toughness and flexibility, as the roots of some endogenous trees.</def>

<h1>Funis</h1>
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<hw>Fu"nis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a rope. ]</ety> <def>A cord; specifically, the umbilical cord or navel string.</def>

<h1>Funk</h1>
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<hw>Funk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>funke</ets> a little fire; akin to Prov. E. <ets>funk</ets> touchwood, G. <ets>funke</ets> spark, and perh. to Goth. <ets>f<?/n</ets> fire.]</ety> <def>An offensive smell; a stench.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Funk</h1>
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<hw>Funk</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To envelop with an offensive smell or smoke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>King.</i>

<h1>Funk</h1>
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<hw>Funk</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To emit an offensive smell; to stink.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be frightened, and shrink back; to flinch; <as>as, to funk at the edge of a precipice</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<cs><col>To funk out</col>, <cd>to back out in a cowardly fashion. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote>To <b>funk</b> right out o' political strife.
<i>Lowell (Biglow Papers).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Funk, Funking</h1>
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<hw><hw>Funk</hw>, <hw>Funk"ing</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shrinking back through fear.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "The horrid panic, or <i>funk</i> (as the men of Eton call it)."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Funky</h1>
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<hw>Funk"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, great fear, or funking.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Funnel</h1>
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<hw>Fun"nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>funel</ets>, <ets>fonel</ets>, prob. through OF. fr, L. <ets>fundibulum</ets>, <ets>infundibulum</ets>, funnel, fr. <ets>infundere</ets> to pour in; in in + <ets>fundere</ets> to pour; cf. Armor. <ets>founil</ets> funnel, W. <ets>ffynel</ets> air hole, chimney. See <er>Fuse</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A vessel of the shape of an inverted hollow cone, terminating below in a pipe, and used for conveying liquids into a close vessel; a tunnel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A passage or avenue for a fluid or flowing substance; specifically, a smoke flue or pipe; the iron chimney of a steamship or the like.</def>

<cs><col>Funnel box</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>an apparatus for collecting finely crushed ore from water.</cd> <i>Knight</i>. -- <col>Funnel stay</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>one of the ropes or rods steadying a steamer's funnel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Funnelform</h1>
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<hw>Fun"nel*form`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a funnel, or tunnel; that is, expanding gradually from the bottom upward, as the corolla of some flowers; infundibuliform.</def>

<h1>Funny</h1>
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<hw>Fun"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Funnier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Funniest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Fun</er>.]</ety> <def>Droll; comical; amusing; laughable.</def>

<cs><col>Funny bone</col>. <cd>See <cref>crazy bone</cref>, under <er>Crazy</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Funny</h1>
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<hw>Fun"ny</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Funnies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>A clinkerbuit, narrow boat for sculling.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Fur</h1>
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<hw>Fur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>furre</ets>, OF.  <ets>forre</ets>, <ets>fuerre</ets>, sheatth, case, of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>fuotar</ets> lining, case, G. <ets>futter</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>f<?/<?/r</ets> lining, Goth. <ets>f<?/dr</ets>, scabbard; cf. Skr. <ets>p<?/tra</ets> vessel, dish. The German and Icel. words also have the sense, <ets>fodder</ets>, but this was probably a different word originally. Cf. <er>Fodder</er> food, <er>Fother</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Forel</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The short, fine, soft hair of certain animals, growing thick on the skin, and distinguished from the hair, which is longer and coarser.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The skins of certain wild animals with the fur; peltry; <as>as, a cargo of furs</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Strips of dressed skins with fur, used on garments for warmth or for ornament.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Articles of clothing made of fur; <as>as, a set of <ex>furs</ex> for a lady (a collar, tippet, or cape, muff, etc</as>.).</def>

<blockquote>Wrapped up in my <b>furs</b>.
<i>Lady M. W. Montagu.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Any coating considered as resembling fur</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A coat of morbid matter collected on the tongue in persons affected with fever</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The soft, downy covering on the skin of a peach</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The deposit formed on the interior of boilers and other vessels by hard water.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>One of several patterns or diapers used as tinctures. There are nine in all, or, according to some writers, only six.</def>

<i>See Tincture.</i>

<h1>Fur</h1>
<Xpage=604>

<hw>Fur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to furs; bearing or made of fur; <as>as, a <ex>fur</ex> cap; the <ex>fur</ex> trade.</as></def>

<cs><col>Fur seal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>one of several species of seals of the genera <spn>Callorhinus</spn> and <spn>Arclocephalus</spn>, inhabiting the North Pacific and the Antarctic oceans. They have a coat of fine and soft fur which is highly prized. The northern fur seal (<spn>Callorhinus ursinus</spn>) breeds in vast numbers on the Prybilov Islands, off the coast of Alaska; -- called also <altname>sea bear</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fur</h1>
<Xpage=604>

<hw>Fur</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Furred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Furring</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To line, face, or cover with fur; <as>as, <ex>furred</ex> robes</as>.</def> "You <i>fur</i> your gloves with reason."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover with morbid matter, as the tongue.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>(Arch.) To nail small strips of board or larger scantling upon, in order to make a level surface for lathing or boarding, or to provide for a space or interval back of the plastered or boarded surface, as inside an outer wall, by way of protection against damp.</def>

<i>Gwill.</i>

<h1>Furacious</h1>
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<hw>Fu*ra"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>furax</ets>, <ets>-racis</ets> thievish, from <ets>fur</ets> thief.]</ety> <def>Given to theft; thievish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Furacity</h1>
<Xpage=604>

<hw>Fu*rac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. furacitas.]</ety> <def>Addictedness to theft; thievishness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Furbelow</h1>
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<hw>Fur"be*low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. F. <ets>farbala</ets>, equiv. to F. <ets>falbala</ets>, It. <ets>falbal\'85</ets>.]</ety> <def>A plaited or gathered flounce on a woman's garment.</def>

<h1>Furhelow</h1>
<Xpage=604>

<hw>Fur"he*low</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Furbelowed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Furbelowing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put a furbelow on; to ornament.</def>

<h1>Furbish</h1>
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<hw>Fur"bish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Furbished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Furbishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>forbischen</ets>, OF. <ets>forbir</ets>, <ets>furbir</ets>, <ets>fourbir</ets>, F. <ets>fourbir</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>furban</ets> to clean. See <er>-ish</er>.]</ety> <def>To rub or scour to brightness; to clean; to burnish; <as>as, to furbish a sword or spear</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote><b>Furbish</b> new the name of John a Gaunt.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Furbishable</h1>
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<hw>Fur"bish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being furbished.</def>

<h1>Furbisher</h1>
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<hw>Fur"bish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fourbisseur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who furbishes; esp., a sword cutler, who finishes sword blades and similar weapons.</def>

<h1>Furcate, Furcated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fur"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fur"ca*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>furca</ets> fork. See <er>Fork</er>.]</ety> <def>Forked; branching like a fork; <as>as, furcate twigs</as>.</def>

<h1>Furcation</h1>
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<hw>Fur*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A branching like a. fork.</def>

<h1>Furciferous</h1>
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<hw>Fur*cif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>furcifer</ets> yoke bearer, scoundrel; <ets>furca</ets> fork, yoke, fork-shaped instrument of punishment + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Rascally; scandalous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Furciferous</i> knaves."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Furcula</h1>
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<hw>Fur"cu*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a forked prop, dim. of <ets>furca</ets> a fork.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A forked process; the wishbone or furculum.</def>

<h1>Furcular</h1>
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<hw>Fur"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shaped like a fork; furcate.</def>

<h1>Furculum</h1>
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<hw>Fur"cu*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>furca</ets> a fork.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The wishbone or merrythought of birds, formed by the united clavicles.</def>

<h1>Furdle</h1>
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<hw>Fur"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fardel</er>, and cf. <er>Furl</er>.]</ety> <def>To draw up into a bundle; to roll up.</def> <mark>[Ods.]</mark>

<h1>Furfur</h1>
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<hw>Fur"fur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Scurf; dandruff.</def>

<h1>Furfuraceous</h1>
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<hw>Fur"fu*ra"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>furfuraceus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Made of bran; like bran; scurfy.</def>

<h1>Furfuran</h1>
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<hw>Fur"fu*ran</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>furfur</ets> bran.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, oily substance, <chform>C4H4O</chform>, obtained by distilling certain organic substances, as pine wood, salts of pyromucic acid, etc.; -- called also <altname>tetraphenol</altname>.</def><-- = furan -->

<h1>Furfuration</h1>
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<hw>Fur"fu*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>furfur</ets> bran, scurf.]</ety> <def>Falling of scurf from the head; desquamation.</def>

<h1>Furfurine</h1>
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<hw>Fur"fu*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline base, obtained indirectly from furfurol.</def>

<h1>Furfurol</h1>
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<hw>Fur"fu*rol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>furfur</ets> bran + <ets>ole</ets>um oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless oily liquid, <chform>C4H3O.CHO</chform>, of a pleasant odor, obtained by the distillation of bran, sugar, etc., and regarded as an aldehyde derivative of furfuran; -- called also <altname>furfural</altname>.</def>

<h1>Furfurous</h1>
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<hw>Fur"fu*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of bran; furfuraceous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Furfurous</i> bread."

<i>Sydney Smith.</i>

<h1>Furial</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>furialis</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>furial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Furious; raging; tormenting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Furibundal</h1>
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<hw>Fu`ri*bun"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>furibundus</ets>, fr. <ets>furere</ets> to rage.]</ety> <def>Full of rage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>G. Harvey.</i>

<h1>Furies</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ries</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Fury</er>, 3.</def>

<h1>Furile</h1>
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<hw>Fu"rile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fur</ets>furol + ben<ets>zile</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow, crystalline substance, <chform>(C4H3O)2.C2O2</chform>, obtained by the oxidation of furoin.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>furil</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Furilic</h1>
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<hw>Fu*ril"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, furile; <as>as, <ex>furilic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Furioso</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ri*o"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.& adv.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>With great force or vigor; vehemently.</def>

<h1>Furious</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>furiosus</ets>, fr. <ets>furia</ets> rage, fury: cf. F. <ets>furieux</ets>. See <er>Fury</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Transported with passion or fury; raging; violent; <as>as, a furious animal</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rushing with impetuosity; moving with violence; <as>as, a <ex>furious</ex> stream; a <ex>furious</ex> wind or storm.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Impetuous; vehement; boisterous; fierce; turbulent; tumultuous; angry; mad; frantic; frenzied.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Fu"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Fu"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Furl</h1>
<Xpage=604>

<hw>Furl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Furld</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Furling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>furdle</ets>, fr. <ets>fardel</ets> bundle: cf. F. <ets>ferler</ets> to furl, OF. <ets>fardeler</ets> to pack. See <er>Furdle</er>, <er>Fardel</er>, and cf. <er>Farl</er>.]</ety> <def>To draw up or gather into close compass; to wrap or roll, as a sail, close to the yard, stay, or mast, or, as a flag, close to or around its staff, securing it there by a gasket or line. Totten.</def>

<h1>Furlong</h1>
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<hw>Fur"long</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>furlong</ets>, <ets>furlang</ets>, AS. <ets>furlang</ets>, <ets>furlung</ets>, prop., the length of a furrow; <ets>furh</ets> furrow + <ets>lang</ets> long. See <er>Furrow</er>, and <er>Long</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A measure of length; the eighth part of a mile; forty rods; two hundred and twenty yards.</def>

<h1>Furlough</h1>
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<hw>Fur"lough</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. D. <ets>verlof</ets>, fr. a prefix akin to E. <ets>for</ets> + the root of E. <ets>lief</ets>, and akin to Dan. <ets>forlov</ets>, Sw. <ets>f\'94rlof</ets>, G. v<ets>erlaub</ets> permission. See <er>Life</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Leave of abserice; especially, leave given to an offcer or soldier to be absent from service for a certain time; also, the document granting leave of absence.</def>

<h1>Furlough</h1>
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<hw>Fur"lough</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Furloughed</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Furloughing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To furnish with a furlough; to grant leave of absence to, as to an offcer or soldier.</def>

<h1>Furmonty, Furmity</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fur"mon*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fur"mi*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Frumenty</er>.</def>

<h1>Furnace</h1>
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<hw>Fur"nace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fornais</ets>, <ets>forneis</ets>, OF. <ets>fornaise</ets>, F. <ets>fournaise</ets>, from L. <ets>fornax</ets>; akin to furnus oven, and prob. to E. <ets>forceps</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inclosed place in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, as for reducing ores or melting metals, for warming a house, for baking pottery, etc.; <as>as, an iron <ex>furnace</ex>; a hot-air <ex>furnace</ex>; a glass <ex>furnace</ex>; a boiler <ex>furnace</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<note>&hand; Furnaces are classified as <i>wind</i> or <i>air</i>. <i>furnaces</i> when the fire is urged only by the natural draught; as <i>blast furnaces</i>, when the fire is urged by the injection artificially of a forcible current of air; and as <i>reverberatory furnaces</i>, when the flame, in passing to the chimney, is thrown down by a low arched roof upon the materials operated upon.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place or time of punishment, affiction, or great trial; severe experience or discipline.</def>

<i>Deut. iv. 20.</i>

<cs><col>Bustamente furnace</col>, <cd>a shaft furnace for roasting quicksilver ores.</cd> -- <col>Furnace bridge</col>, <cd>Same as <cref>Bridge wall</cref>.</cd> See <er>Bridge</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5. -- <mcol><col>Furnace</col> <col>cadmiam &or; cadmia</col><mcol>, <cd>the oxide of zinc which accumulates in the chimneys of furnaces smelting zinciferous ores.</cd> <i>Raymond</i>. -- <col>Furnace hoist</col> <fld>(Iron Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a lift for raising ore, coal, etc., to the mouth of a blast furnace.</cd></cs>

<h1>Furnace</h1>
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<hw>Fur"nace</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw out, or exhale, as from a furnace; also, to put into a furnace.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He <b>furnaces</b>
The thick sighe from him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Furniment</h1>
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<hw>Fur"ni*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fourniment</ets>. See <er>Furnish</er>.]</ety> <def>Furniture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Furnish</h1>
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<hw>Fur"nish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Furnished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Furnishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>furnir</ets>, <ets>fornir</ets>, to <ets>furnish</ets>, <ets>finish</ets>, F. <ets>fournir</ets>; akin to Pr. <ets>formir</ets>, <ets>furmir</ets>, <ets>fromir</ets>, to accomplish, satisfy, fr. OHG. <ets>frumjan</ets> to further, execute, do, akin to E. <ets>frame</ets>. See <er>Frame</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and <er>-ish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To supply with anything necessary, useful, or appropriate; to provide; to equip; to fit out, or fit up; to adorn; <as>as, to furnish a family with provisions; to <ex>furnish</ex> one with arms for defense; to <ex>furnish</ex> a Cable; to <ex>furnish</ex> the mind with ideas; to <ex>furnish</ex> one with knowledge or principles; to <ex>furnish</ex> an expedition or enterprise, a room or a house.</as></def>

<blockquote>That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly <b>furnished</b>
unto all good works.
<i>2 Tim. iii. 17,</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To offer for use; to provide (something); to give (something); to afford; <as>as, to furnish food to the hungry: to furnish arms for defense</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Ye are they . . . that <b>furnish</b> the drink offering unto that
number.
<i>Is. lxv. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His writings and his life <b>furnish</b> abundant proofs that he was not a man of strong sense.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Furnish</h1>
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<hw>Fur"nish</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is furnished as a specimen; a sample; a supply.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Greene.</i>

<h1>Furnisher</h1>
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<hw>Fur"nish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who supplies or fits out.</def>

<h1>Furnishment</h1>
<Xpage=604>

<hw>Fur"nish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of furnishing, or of supplying furniture; also, furniture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Furniture</h1>
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<hw>Fur"ni*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fourniture</ets>. See <er>Furnish</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That with which anything is furnished or supplied; supplies; outfit; equipment.</def>

<blockquote>The form and all the <b>furniture</b> of the earth.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The thoughts which make the <b>furniture</b> of their minds.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Articles used for convenience or decoration in a house or apartment, as tables, chairs, bedsteads, sofas, carpets, curtains, pictures, vases, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The necessary appendages to anything, as to a machine, a carriage, a ship, etc.</def> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The masts and rigging of a ship</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The mountings of a gun</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Builders' hardware such as locks, door and window trimmings</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Print)</fld> <def>Pieces of wood or metal of a lesser height than the type, placed around the pages or other matter in a form, and, with the quoins, serving to secure the form in its place in the chase</def>.

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A mixed or compound stop in an organ; -- sometimes called <i>mixture</i>.</def>

<h1>Furoin</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ro*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Furfurol</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, crystalline substance, <chform>C10H8O4</chform>, from furfurol.</def>

<h1>Furore</h1>
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<hw>Fu*ro"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>Excitement; commotion; enthusiasm.</def>

<hr>
<page="605">
Page 605<p>

<h1>Furrier</h1>
<Xpage=605>

<hw>Fur"ri*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fourreur</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dealer in furs; one who makes or sells fur goods.</def>

<h1>Furriery</h1>
<Xpage=605>

<hw>Fur"ri*er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Furs, in general.</def>

<i>Tooke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The business of a furrier; trade in furs.</def>

<h1>Furring</h1>
<Xpage=605>

<hw>Fur"ring</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The leveling of a surface, or the preparing of an air space, by means of strips of board or of larger pieces. See <er>Fur</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 3.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The strips thus laid on.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>Double planking of a ship's side.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A deposit from water, as on the inside of a boiler; also, the operation of cleaning away this deposit.</def>

<h1>Furrow</h1>
<Xpage=605>

<hw>Fur"row</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>forow</ets>, <ets>forgh</ets>, <ets>furgh</ets>, AS. <ets>furh</ets>; akin to D. <ets>voor</ets>, OHG. <ets>furuh</ets>, G. <ets>furche</ets>, Dan. <ets>fure</ets>, Sw. <ets>f<?/ra</ets>, Icel. for drain, L. <ets>porca</ets> ridge between two furrows.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A trench in the earth made by, or as by, a plow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any trench, channel, or groove, as in wood or metal; a wrinkle on the face; <as>as, the furrows of age</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Farrow weed</col> <cd>a weed which grows on plowed land.</cd> <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>To draw a straight furrow</col>, <cd>to live correctly; not to deviate from the right line of duty. <i>Lowell</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Furrow</h1>
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<hw>Fur"row</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Furrowed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Furrowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Furrow</er>, <tt>n.</tt>; cf. AS. <ets>fyrian</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut a furrow in; to make furrows in; to plow; <as>as, to furrow the ground or sea</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mark with channels or with wrinkles.</def>

<blockquote>Thou canst help time to <b>furrow</b> me with age.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fair cheeks were <b>furrowed</b> with hot tears.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Furrowy</h1>
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<hw>Fur"row*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furrowed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Furry</h1>
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<hw>Fur"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fur</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Covered with fur; dressed in fur.</def> "<i>Furry</i> nations."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of fur; <as>as, furry spoils</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Resembling fur.</def>

<h1>Further</h1>
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<hw>Fur"ther</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[A comparative of forth; OE. <ets>further</ets>, <ets>forther</ets>, AS. <ets>fur<?/or</ets>, <ets>far<?/ur</ets>; akin to G. <ets>f\'81rder</ets>. See <er>Forth</er>, <tt>adv.</tt>]</ety> <def>To a greater distance; in addition; moreover. See <er>Farther</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Carries us, I know not how much <b>further</b>, into familiar company.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They sdvanced us far as Eleusis and Thria; but no <b>further</b>.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Further off</col>, <cd>not so near; apart by a greater distance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Further</h1>
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<hw>Fur"ther</hw>, <tt>a. compar.</tt> <wordforms>[<it>Positive wanting</it>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Furthest</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>More remote; at a greater distance; more in advance; farther; <as>as, the further end of the field</as>. See <er>Farther</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Beyond; additional; <as>as, a <ex>further</ex> reason for this opinion; nothing <ex>further</ex> to suggest.</as></def>

<note>&hand; The forms <i>further</i> and <i>farther</i> are in general not differentiated by writers, but <i>further</i> is preferred by many when application to quantity or degree is implied.</note>

<h1>Further</h1>
<Xpage=605>

<hw>Fur"ther"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Furthered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Furthering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>furthren</ets>, <ets>forthren</ets>, AS. <ets>fyr&edh;ran</ets>, <ets>fyr&edh;rian</ets>. See <er>Further</er>, <tt>adv.</tt>]</ety> <def>To help forward; to promote; to advance; to forward; to help or assist.</def>

<blockquote>This binds thee, then, to <b>further</b> my design.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I should nothing <b>further</b> the weal public.
<i>Robynsom (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Furtherance</h1>
<Xpage=605>

<hw>Fur"ther*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of furthering or helping forward; promotion; advancement; progress.</def>

<blockquote>I know that I shall abide and continue with you all for your
<b>furthersnce</b> and joy of faith.
<i>Phil. i. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Built of <b>furtherance</b> and pursuing, Not of spent deeds, but of doing.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fartherer</h1>
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<hw>Far"ther*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who furthers. or helps to advance; a promoter.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Furthermore</h1>
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<hw>Fur"ther*more"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>or conj. Moreover; besides; in addition to what has been said.</def>

<h1>Furthermost</h1>
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<hw>Fur"ther*most"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Most remote; furthest.</def>

<h1>Furthersome</h1>
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<hw>Fur"ther*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to further, advance, or promote; helpful; advantageous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>You will not find it <b>furthersome</b>.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Furthest</h1>
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<hw>Fur"thest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>superl. Most remote; most in advance; farthest. See <er>Further</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Furthest</h1>
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<hw>Fur"thest</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>At the greatest distance; farthest.</def>

<h1>Furtive</h1>
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<hw>Fur"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>furtivus</ets>, fr. <ets>furtum</ets> theft, fr. <ets>fur</ets> thief, akin to <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>furtif</ets>. See <er>Fertile</er>.]</ety> <def>Stolen; obtained or characterized by stealth; sly; secret; stealthy; <as>as, a furtive look</as>.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<blockquote>A hasty and furtive ceremony.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Furtively</h1>
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<hw>Fur"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Stealthily by theft.</def>

<i>Lover.</i>

<h1>Furuncle</h1>
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<hw>Fu"run*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>furunculus</ets> a petty thief, a boil, dim. of <ets>fur</ets> thief: cf. F. <ets>furoncle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A superficial, inflammatory tumor, suppurating with a central core; a boil.</def>

<h1>Faruncular</h1>
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<hw>Fa*run"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a furuncle; marked by the presence of furuncles.</def>

<h1>Fury</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fur</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Have an eye to your plate, for there be <b>furies</b>.
<i>J. Fleteher.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fury</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Furies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>furia</ets>, fr. <ets>furere</ets> to rage: cf. F. <ets>furie</ets>. Cf. <er>Furor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Violent or extreme excitement; overmastering agitation or enthusiasm. Her wit began to be with a divine fury inspired.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Violent anger; extreme wrath; rage; -- sometimes applied to inanimate things, as the wind or storms; impetuosity; violence.</def> "<i>Fury</i> of the wind."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>I do oppose my patience to his <b>fury</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>pl. <fld>(Greek Myth.)</fld> The avenging deities, Tisiphone, Alecto, and Meg\'91ra; the Erinyes or Eumenides.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>Furies</b>, they said, are attendants on justice, and if the sun in heaven should transgress his path would punish him.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One of the Parc\'91, or Fates, esp. Atropos.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Comes the blind <b>Fury</b> with the abhorred shears,
And slits the thin-spun life.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A stormy, turbulent violent woman; a hag; a vixen; a virago; a termagant.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Anger; indignation; resentment; wrath; ire; rage; vehemence; violence; fierceness; turbulence; madness; frenzy. See <er>Anger</er>.</syn>

<h1>Furze</h1>
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<hw>Furze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>firs</ets>, As. <ets>fyrs</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A thorny evergreen shrub (<spn>Ulex Europ\'91us</spn>), with beautiful yellow flowers, very common upon the plains and hills of Great Britain; -- called also <altname>gorse</altname>, and <altname>whin</altname>. The dwarf furze is <spn>Ulex nanus</spn>.</def>

<h1>Furzechat</h1>
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<hw>Furze"chat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The whinchat; -- called also <altname>furzechuck</altname>.</def>

<h1>Furzeling</h1>
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<hw>Furze"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An English warbler (<spn>Melizophilus provincialis</spn>); -- called also <altname>furze wren</altname>, and <altname>Dartford warbler</altname>.</def>

<h1>Furzen</h1>
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<hw>Furz"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furzy; gorsy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Furzy</h1>
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<hw>Furz"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. a.</tt><def>bounding in, or overgrown with, furze; characterized by furze.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Fusain</h1>
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<hw>Fu"sain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., the spindle tree; also, charcoal made from it.]</ety> <fld>(Eine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Fine charcoal of willow wood, used as a drawing implement.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A drawing made with it. See <er>Charcoal</er>, <tt>n.</tt> 2, and <cref>Charcoal drawing</cref>, under <er>Charcoal</er>.</def>

<h1>Fusarole</h1>
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<hw>Fu"sa*role</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fusarolle</ets>, fr. It. <ets>fusaruolo</ets>, fr. <ets>fuso</ets> spindle, shaft of a column. See <er>Fusee</er> a conical wheel.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A molding generally placed under the echinus or quarter round of capitals in the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders of architecture.</def>

<h1>Fuscation</h1>
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<hw>Fus*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fuscare</ets>, <ets>fuscatum</ets>, to make dark, fr. <ets>fuscus</ets> dark.]</ety> <def>A darkening; obscurity; obfuscation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Fuscin</h1>
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<hw>Fus"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fuscus</ets> dark-colored, tawny.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A brown, nitrogenous pigment contained in the retinal epithelium; a variety of melanin.</def>

<h1>Fuscine</h1>
<Xpage=605>

<hw>Fus"cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A dark-colored substance obtained from empyreumatic animal oil.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Fuscous</h1>
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<hw>Fus"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fuscus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Brown or grayish black; darkish.</def>

<blockquote>Sad and <b>fuscous</b> colors, as black or brown, or deep purple
and the like.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fuse</h1>
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<hw>Fuse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fused</er> <tt>(fuzd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fusing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>fusus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>fundere</ets> to pour, melt, cast. See <er>Foundo</er> to cast, and cf. <ets>Futile</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To liquefy by heat; to render fiuid; to dissolve; to melt.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To unite or blend, as if melted together.</def>

<blockquote>Whose fancy <b>fuses</b> old and new.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fuse</h1>
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<hw>Fuse</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be reduced from a solid to a Quid state by heat; to be melted; to melt.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be blended, as if melted together.</def>

<cs><col>Fusing point</col>, <cd>the degree of temperature at which a substance melts; the point of fusion.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fuse</h1>
<Xpage=605>

<hw>Fuse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>fusee</ets>, <ets>fusil</ets>. See 2d <er>Fusil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gunnery, Mining, etc.)</fld> <def>A tube or casing filled with combustible matter, by means of which a charge of powder is ignited, as in blasting; -- called also <altname>fuzee</altname>. See <er>Fuze</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Fuse hole</col>, <cd>the hole in a shell prepared for the reception of the fuse.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i></cs>

<h1>Fusee</h1>
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<hw>Fu*see"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Fusil</er>, and cf. <er>Fuse</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A flintlock gun. See 2d <er>Fusil</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fuse. See <er>Fuse</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of match for lighting a pipe or cigar.</def>

<-- 4. A red signal flare.  It is used esp. as a warning signal for trains or road vehicles, indicating an obstruction or accident ahead.

   5. <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A small packet of explosive material with wire appendages allowing it to be conveniently attached to a railroad track.  It will explode with a loud report when run over by a train, and is used to provide a warning signal to the engineer.</def> -->

<h1>Fusee</h1>
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<hw>Fu*see"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>The track of a buck.</def>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Fusee</h1>
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<hw>Fu*see"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fus\'82e</ets> a spindleful, fusee, LL. <ets>fusata</ets>, fr. <ets>fusare</ets> to use a spindle, L. <ets>fusus</ets> spindle.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The cone or conical wheel of a watch or clock, designed to equalize the power of the mainspring by having the chain from the barrel which contains the spring wind in a spiral groove on the surface of the cone in such a manner that the diameter of the cone at the point where the chain acts may correspond with the degree of tension of the spring.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A similar wheel used in other machinery.</def>

<mhw><h1>Fusel, n., Fusel oil</h1>
<Xpage=605>

<hw>Fu"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Fu"sel oil</hw></mhw>. <ety>[G. <ets>fusel</ets> bad liquor.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hot, acrid, oily liquid, accompanying many alcoholic liquors (as potato whisky, corn whisky, etc.), as an undesirable ingredient, and consisting of several of the higher alcohols and compound ethers, but particularly of amyl alcohol; hence, specifically applied to amyl alcohol.</def>

<h1>Fusibility</h1>
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<hw>Fu"si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fusibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being fusible.</def>

<h1>Fusible</h1>
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<hw>Fu"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fusible</ets>. See <er>Fuse</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>CapabIe of being melted or liquefied.</def>

<cs><col>Fusible metal</col>, <cd>any alloy of different metals capable of being easily fused, especially an alloy of five parts of bismuth, three of lead, and two of tin, which melts at a temperature below that of boiling water.</cd> <i>Ure</i>. -- <col>Fusible plug</col> <fld>(Steam Boiler)</fld>, <cd>a piece of easily fusible alloy, placed in one of the sheets and intended to melt and blow off the steam in case of low water.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fusiform</h1>
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<hw>Fu"si*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fusus</ets> spindle + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>fusiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like a spindle; tapering at each end; <as>as, a <ex>fusiform</ex> root; a <ex>fusiform</ex> cell.</as></def>

<h1>Fusil</h1>
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<hw>Fu"sil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fusilis</ets> molten, fluid, fr. <ets>fundere</ets>, <ets>fusum</ets>, to pour, cast. See <er>Fuse</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being melted or rendered fluid by heat; fusible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A kind of <i>fusil</i> marble"

<i>Woodward.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Running or flowing, as a liquid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A <i>fusil</i> sea."

<i>J. Philips.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Formed by melting and pouring into a mold; cast; founded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Fusil</h1>
<Xpage=605>

<hw>Fu"sil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fusil</ets>, LL. <ets>fosile</ets> a steel for kindling fire, from L. <ets>focus</ets> hearth, fireplace, in LLL. fire. See <er>Focus</er>, and cf. <er>Fusee</er> a firelock.]</ety> <def>A light kind of flintlock musket, formerly in use.</def>

<h1>Fusil</h1>
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<hw>Fu"sil</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 3d <er>Fusee</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing of a rhomboidal figure; -- named from its shape, which resembles that of a spindle.</def>

<note>&hand; It differs from a lozenge in being longer in proportion to its width.</note>

<h1>Fusile</h1>
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<hw>Fu"sile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Fusil</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Fusileer, Fusilier</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fu"sil*eer"</hw>, <hw>Fu"sil*ier"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fusilier</ets>, fr. <ets>fusil</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Formerly, a soldier armed with a fusil. Hence, in the plural:</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A title now borne by some regiments and companies; <as>as, "The Royal <ex>Fusiliers</ex>," etc</as>.</def>

<h1>Fusillade</h1>
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<hw>Fu"sil*lade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fusillade</ets>, cf. It. <ets>fucilata</ets>. See <er>Fusil</er> a firelock.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A simultaneous discharge of firearms.</def>

<h1>Fusillade</h1>
<Xpage=605>

<hw>Fu"sil*lade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fusillader</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fusillading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To shoot down of shoot at by a simultaneous discharge of firearms.</def>

<h1>Fusion</h1>
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<hw>Fu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fusio</ets>, fr. <ets>fundere</ets>, <ets>fusum</ets> to pour, melt: cf. F. <ets>fusion</ets>. See <er>Fuse</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, aud cf, <er>Foison</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or operation of melting or rendering fluid by heat; the act of melting together; <as>as, the fusion of metals</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being melted or dissolved by heat; a state of fluidity or flowing in consequence of heat; <as>as, metals in fusion</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The union or blending together of things, <as>as, melted together</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The universal <b>fusion</b> of races, languages, and customs . . .
had produced a corresponding <b>fusion</b> of creeds.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Watery fusion</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>the melting of certain crystals by heat in their own water of crystallization.</cd></cs>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The union, or binding together, of adjacent parts or tissues.</def>

<h1>Fusome</h1>
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<hw>Fu"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>f<?/san</ets> to hasten, fr. <ets>f<?/s</ets> ready, prompt, quick; akin to OS. <ets>f<?/s</ets>, OHG. <ets>funs</ets>, Icel. <ets>fuss</ets> willing; prob. from the root of E. <ets>find</ets>.]</ety> <def>Handy; reat; handsome; notable.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Fuss</h1>
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<hw>Fuss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Fusome</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tumult; a bustle; unnecessary or annoying ado about trifles.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<blockquote>Zealously, assiduously, and with a minimum of <b>fuss</b> or noise
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is unduly anxious about trifles.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I am a <b>fuss</b> and I don't deny it.
<i>W. D. Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fuss</h1>
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<hw>Fuss</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Fussed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Fussing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To be overbusy or unduly anxious about trifles; to make a bustle or ado.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Fussily</h1>
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<hw>Fuss"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a fussy manner.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Fussiness</h1>
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<hw>Fuss"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being fussy.</def>

<h1>Fussy</h1>
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<hw>Fuss"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Fussier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl</tt> <er>Fussiest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Making a fuss; disposed to make an unnecessary ado about trifles; overnice; fidgety.</def>

<blockquote>Not at all <b>fussy</b> about his personal appearance.
<i>R. G. White.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fast</h1>
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<hw>Fast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>fust</ets>, F. <ets>f<?/t</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fustis</ets> stick staff.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The shaft of a column, or trunk of pilaster.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Fust</h1>
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<hw>Fust</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>fust</ets> cask, F. <ets>f<?/t</ets> cask, taste or smell of the caak, <ets>fustiness</ets>, cf. sentir le <ets>f<?/t</ets> to taste of the cask. See <er>1st Fust</er>.]</ety> <def>A strong, musty smell; mustiness.</def>

<h1>Fust</h1>
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<hw>Fust</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become moldy; to smell ill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Fusted</h1>
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<hw>Fust"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Moldy; ill-smelling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Fusteric</h1>
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<hw>Fus"ter*ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The coloring matter of fustet.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Fustet</h1>
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<hw>Fus"tet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fustet</ets> (cf. Sp. & Pg. <ets>fustete</ets>), LL. <ets>fustetus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fustis</ets> stick, in LL., tree, See <er>1st Fust</er>, and cf. <er>Fustic</er>.]</ety> <def>The wood of the Rhus Cptinus or Venice sumach, a shrub of Southern Europe, which yields a fine orange color, which, however, is not durable without a mordant.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Fustian</h1>
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<hw>Fus"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fustan</ets>, <ets>fustian</ets>, OF. <ets>fustaine</ets>, F. <ets>futaine</ets>, It. <ets>fustagno</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>fustaneum</ets>, <ets>fustanum</ets>; cf. Pr. <ets>fustani</ets>, Sp. <ets>fustan</ets>. So called from <ets>Fust\'bet</ets>, i. e., Cairo, where it was made.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of coarse twilled cotton or cotton and linen stuff, including corduroy, velveteen, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inflated style of writing; a kind of writing in which high-sounding words are used,' above the dignity of the thoughts or subject; bombast.</def>

<blockquote>Claudius . . . has run his description into the most wretched
<b>fustian</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fustian</h1>
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<hw>Fus"tian</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made of fustian.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pompous; ridiculously tumid; inflated; bombastic; <as>as, fustian history</as>.</def>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Fustianist</h1>
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<hw>Fus"tian*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of fustian.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Fustic</h1>
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<hw>Fus"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fustoc</ets>, Sp. <ets>fustoc</ets>. Cf. <er>Fustet</er>.]</ety> <def>The wood of the <spn>Maclura tinctoria</spn>, a tree growing in the West Indies, used in dyeing yellow; -- called also <altname>old fustic</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>fustoc</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; Other kinds of yellow wood are often called <i>fustic</i>; as that of species of <spn>Xanthoxylum</spn>, and especially the <spn>Rhus Cotinus</spn>, which is sometimes called <i>young</i> fustic to distinguish it from the <spn>Maclura</spn>. See <er>Fustet</er>.</note>

<h1>Fustigate</h1>
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<hw>Fus"ti*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fustigare</ets>, fr. <ets>fustis</ets> stick. See <er>1st Fust</er>.]</ety> <def>To cudgel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Fustigation</h1>
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<hw>Fus"ti*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>fustigation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A punishment by beating with a stick or club; cudgeling.</def>

<blockquote>This satire, composed of actual <b>fustigation</b>.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fastilarian</h1>
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<hw>Fas"ti*la"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Fusty</er>.]</ety> <def>A low fellow; a stinkard; a scoundrel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Fustilug </, Fustilugs</h1>
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<hw><hw>Fus"ti*lug`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <hw>Fus"ti*lugs`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Fusty</ets> + <ets>lug</ets> someting heavy, to be drawn or carried.]</ety> <def>A gross, fat, unwieldy person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>F. Junius.</i>

<h1>Fusiness</h1>
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<hw>Fus"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fusty state or quality; moldiness; mustiness; an ill smell from moldiness.</def>

<h1>Fusty</h1>
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<hw>Fusty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar</tt>. <er>Fustier</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>superl</tt> <er>Fustiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>2d Fust</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Moldy; musty; ill-smelling; rank.</def> "A <i>fusty</i> plebeians."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Moping.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>A melancholy, <b>fusty</b> humor.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fussure</h1>
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<hw>Fus"sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>fusura</ets>, fr. <ets>fundere</ets>, <ets>fusum</ets>. See <er>Fuse</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Act of fusing; fusion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="606">
Page 606<p>

<h1>Futchel</h1>
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<hw>Futch"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The jaws between which the hinder end of a carriage tongue is inserted.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Futile</h1>
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<hw>Fu"tile</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>futilis</ets> that easily pours out, that easily lets loose, vain, worthless, from the root of <ets>fundere</ets> to pour out: cf. F. <ets>futile</ets>. See <er>Fuse</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Talkative; loquacious; tattling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Talkers and <b>futile</b> persons.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of no importance; answering no useful end; useless; vain; worthless.</def> "<i>Futile</i> theories."

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>His reasoning . . . was singularly <b>futile</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Futilely</h1>
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<hw>Fu"tile*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a futile manner.</def>

<h1>Futility</h1>
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<hw>Fu"til`i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>futilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>futilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being talkative; talkativeness; loquaciousness; loquacity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of producing no valuable effect, or of coming to nothing; uselessness.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>futility</b> of this mode of philosophizing.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Futilous</h1>
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<hw>Fu"til*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Futile; trifling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Futtock</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ttock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. corrupted fr. <ets>foothook</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of the crooked timbers which are scarfed together to form the lower part of the compound rib of a vessel; one of the crooked transverse timbers passing across and over the keel.</def>

<cs><col>Futtock plates</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>plates of iron to which the dead-eyes of the topmast rigging are secured.</cd> -- <col>Futtock shrouds</col>, <cd>short iron shrouds leading from the upper part of the lower mast or of the main shrouds to the edge of the top, or through it, and connecting the topmast rigging with the lower mast.</cd></cs>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Futurable</h1>
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<hw>Fu"tur*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being future; possible to occur.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Not only to things future, but <b>futurable</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Future</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>futur</ets>, L.  <ets>futurus</ets>, used as fut. p. of <ets>esse</ets> to be, but from the same root as E. <ets>be</ets>. See <er>Be</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>That is to be or come hereafter; that will exist at any time after the present; <as>as, the next moment is <ex>future</ex>, to the present</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Future tense</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>the tense or modification of a verb which expresses a future act or event.</cd></cs>

<h1>Future</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>futur</ets>. See <er>Future</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Time to come; time subsequent to the present (as, the <i>future</i> shall be as the present); collectively, events that are to happen in time to come.</def> "Lay the <i>future</i> open."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The possibilities of the future; -- used especially of prospective success or advancement; <as>as, he had great <ex>future</ex> before him</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A future tense.</def>

<cs><col>To deal in futures</col>, <cd>to speculate on the future values of merchandise or stocks. <mark>[Brokers' cant]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Futureless</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ture*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without prospect of betterment in the future.</def>

<i>W. D. Howells.</i>

<h1>Futurely</h1>
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<hw>Fu"ture*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In time to come.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Futurist</h1>
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<hw>Fu"tur*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One whose chief interests are in what is to come; one who anxiously, eagerly, or confidently looks forward to the future; an expectant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>One who believes or maintains that the fulfillment of the prophecies of the Bible is to be in the future.</def>

<h1>Futuritial</h1>
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<hw>Fu`tu*ri"tial</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to what is to come; pertaining to futurity; future.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Futurition</h1>
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<hw>Fu`tu*ri"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>futurition</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being future; futurity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Nothing . . . can have this imagined <b>futurition</b>, but as it is decreed.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Futurity</h1>
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<hw>Fu*tu"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Futurities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>State of being that is yet to come; future state.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Future time; time to come; the future.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Event to come; a future event.</def>

<blockquote>All <b>futurities</b> are naked before the All-seeing Eye.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fuze</h1>
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<hw>Fuze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tube, filled with combustible matter, for exploding a shell, etc. See <er>Fuse</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Chemical fuze</col>, <cd>a fuze in which substances separated until required for action are then brought into contact, and uniting chemically, produce explosion.</cd> -- <col>Concussion fuze</col>, <cd>a fuze ignited by the striking of the projectile.</cd> -- <col>Electric fuze</col>, <cd>a fuze which is ignited by heat or a spark produced by an electric current.</cd> -- <col>Friction fuze</col>, <cd>a fuze which is ignited by the heat evolved by friction.</cd> -- <col>Percussion fuze</col>, <cd>a fuze in which the ignition is produced by a blow on some fulminating compound.</cd> -- <col>Time fuze</col>, <cd>a fuze adapted, either by its length or by the character of its composition, to burn a certain time before producing an explosion.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fuzz</h1>
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<hw>Fuzz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make drunk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Fuzz</h1>
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<hw>Fuzz</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E. <ets>fuzzy</ets> that ravels (of silk or cotton), D. <ets>voos</ets> spongy, fungous, G. <ets>faser</ets> filament. E. <ets>feaze</ets> to untwist.]</ety> <def>Fine, light particles or fibers; loose, volatile matter.</def>

<cs><col>Fuzz ball</col>, <cd>a kind of fungus or mushroom, which, when pressed, bursts and scatters a fine dust; a puffball.</cd></cs>

<h1>Fuzz</h1>
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<hw>Fuzz</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fly off in minute particles.</def>

<h1>Fuzzle</h1>
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<hw>Fuz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LG. <ets>fuseln</ets> to drink common liquor, fr. <ets>fusel</ets> bad liquor.]</ety> <def>To make drunk; to intoxicate; to fuddle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Fuzzy</h1>
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<hw>Fuzz"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fuzz</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not firmly woven; that ravels.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>fozy</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Furnished with fuzz; having fuzz; like fuzz; <as>as, the <ex>fuzzy</ex> skin of a peach</as>.</def>

<h1>-fy</h1>
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<hw>-fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Through French verbs in <ets>-fier</ets>, L. <ets>-ficare</ets>, akin to <ets>facere</ets> to do, make. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <def>A suffix signifying <i>to make</i>, <i>to form into</i>, etc.; <as>as, aceti<ex>fy</ex>, ampli<ex>fy</ex>, dandi<ex>fy</ex>, Frenchi<ex>fy</ex>, etc</as>.</def>

<h1>Fy</h1>
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<hw>Fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Fie</er>, <ets>interj</ets>.]</ety> <def>A word which expresses blame, dislike, disapprobation, abhorrence, or contempt. See <er>Fie</er>.</def>

<h1>Fyke</h1>
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<hw>Fyke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>fuik</ets> a bow net.]</ety> <def>A long bag net distended by hoops, into which fish can pass easily, without being able to return; -- called also <altname>fyke net</altname>.</def>

<i>Cozzens.</i>

<h1>Fyllot</h1>
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<hw>Fyl"lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. fr. AS. <ets>fy<?/erf<?/te</ets>, <ets>fierf<?/te</ets>, <ets>fe\'a2werf<?/te</ets>. See <er>Four</er>, and <er>Foot</er>, n.]</ety> <def>A rebated cross, formerly used as a secret emblem, and a common ornament. It is also called <altname>gammadion</altname>, and <altname>swastika</altname>.</def>
<-- Illustr. of two types of fyllot. -->

<mhw><h1>Fyrd, Fyrdung</h1>
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<hw>Fyrd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Fyr"dung</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.; akin to E. <ets>fare</ets>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Old. Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>The military force of the whole nation, consisting of all men able to bear arms.</def>

<blockquote>The national <b>fyrd</b> or militia.
<i>J. R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Fytte</h1>
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<hw>Fytte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Fit</er> a song.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<centered><point26>G.</point26></centered>

<h1>G</h1>
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<hw>G</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>G is the seventh letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. It has two sounds; one simple, as in <i>gave</i>, <i>go</i>, <i>gull</i>; the other compound (like that of <it>j</it>), as in <i>gem</i>, <i>gin</i>, <i>dingy</i>. See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 231-6, 155, 176, 178, 179, 196, 211, 246.</def>

<note>The form of G is from the Latin, in the alphabet which it first appeared as a modified form of C. The name is also from the Latin, and probably comes to us through the French. Etymologically it is most closely related to a <i>c</i> hard, <i>k y</i>, and <i>w</i>; as in <i>c</i>orn, <i>g</i>rain, <i>k</i>ernel; <i>k</i>in L. <i>g</i>enus, Gr. <?/; E. <i>g</i>arden, <i>y</i>ard; dra<i>g</i>, dra<i>w</i>; also to <i>ch</i> and <i>h</i>; as in <i>g</i>et, pre<i>h</i>ensile; <i>g</i>uest, <i>h</i>ost (an army); <i>g</i>all, <i>ch</i>oler; <i>g</i>ust, <i>ch</i>oose. See <er>C</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>G is the name of the fifth tone of the natural or model scale; -- called also <altname>sol</altname> by the Italians and French. It was also originally used as the treble clef, and has gradually changed into the character represented in the margin. See <er>Clef</er>. G&sharp; (G sharp) is a tone intermediate between G and A.</def>

<h1>Gab</h1>
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<hw>Gab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gaff</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>The hook on the end of an eccentric rod opposite the strap. See. <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Eccentric</er>.</def>

<h1>Gab</h1>
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<hw>Gab</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gabbe</ets> gabble, mocking, fr. Icel. <ets>gabb</ets> mocking, mockery, or OF. <ets>gab</ets>, <ets>gabe</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>gape</ets>, or <ets>gob</ets>. Cf. <er>Gab</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, <er>Gibber</er>.]</ety> <def>The mouth; hence, idle prate; chatter; unmeaning talk; loquaciousness.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Gift of gab</col>, <cd>facility of expression. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Gab</h1>
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<hw>Gab</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gabben</ets> to jest, lie, mock, deceive, fr. Icel. <ets>gabba</ets> to mock, or OF. <ets>gaber</ets>. See 2d <er>Gab</er>, and cf. <er>Gabble</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deceive; to lie.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To talk idly; to prate; to chatter.</def>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Gabarage</h1>
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<hw>Gab"ar*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of coarse cloth for packing goods.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<mhw><h1>Gabardine, Gaberdine</h1>
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<hw>Gab`ar*dine"</hw>, <hw>Gab`er*dine"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>gabardina</ets>; cf. It.  <ets>gavardina</ets>, OF. <ets>galvardine</ets>, <ets>calvardine</ets>, <ets>gavardine</ets>, <ets>galeverdine</ets>; perh. akin to Sp. & OF. <ets>gaban</ets> a sort of cloak or coat for rainy weather, F. <ets>caban</ets> great coat with a hood and sleeves, It. <ets>gabbano</ets> and perh. to E. <ets>cabin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A coarse frock or loose upper garment formerly worn by Jews; a mean dress.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gabber</h1>
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<hw>Gab"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A liar; a deceiver.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One addicted to idle talk.</def>

<h1>Gabble</h1>
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<hw>Gab"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gabbled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gabbling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>gab</ets>. See <er>Gab</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To talk fast, or to talk without meaning; to prate; to jabber.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To utter inarticulate sounds with rapidity; <as>as, <ex>gabbling</ex> fowls</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Gabble</h1>
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<hw>Gab"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Loud or rapid talk without meaning.</def>

<blockquote>Forthwith a hideous <b>gabble</b> rises loud
Among the builders.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered; as of fowls.</def>

<h1>Gabbier</h1>
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<hw>Gab"bier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gabbles; a prater.</def>

<h1>Gabbro</h1>
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<hw>Gab"bro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A name originally given by the Italians to a kind of serpentine, later to the rock called euphotide, and now generally used for a coarsely crystalline, igneous rock consisting of lamellar pyroxene (diallage) and labradorite, with sometimes chrysolite (olivine gabbro).</def>

<h1>Gabel</h1>
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<hw>Ga"bel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gabelle</ets>, LL. <ets>gabella</ets>, <ets>gabulum</ets>, <ets>gablum</ets>; of uncertain origin. Cf.<er>Gavel</er> tribute.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A rent, service, tribute, custom, tax, impost, or duty; an excise.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<blockquote>He enables St. Peter to pay his <b>gabel</b> by the ministry of a fish.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gabeler</h1>
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<hw>Ga"bel*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A collector of gabels or taxes.</def>

<h1>Gabelle</h1>
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<hw>Ga`belle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Gabel</er>.]</ety> <def>A tax, especially on salt.</def> <mark>[France]</mark>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Gabelleman</h1>
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<hw>Ga*belle"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gabeler.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Gaberdine</h1>
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<hw>Gab`er*dine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gabardine</er>.</def>

<h1>Gaber-lunzie</h1>
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<hw>Gab"er-lun`zie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>gabair</ets> talker + <ets>lunndair</ets> idler.]</ety> <def>A beggar with a wallet; a licensed beggar.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Gabert</h1>
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<hw>Gab"ert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F.<ets>gabare</ets>, Arm. <ets>kobar</ets>, <ets>gobar</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lighter, or vessel for inland navigation.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Gabion</h1>
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<hw>Ga"bi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[F., from It. <ets>gabbione</ets> a large cage, gabion, from <ets>gabbia</ets> cage, L. <ets>cavea</ets>. See <er>Cage</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A hollow cylinder of wickerwork, like a basket without a bottom. Gabions are made of various sizes, and filled with earth in building fieldworks to shelter men from an enemy's fire.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Hydraul. Engin.)</fld> <def>An openwork frame, as of poles, filled with stones and sunk, to assist in forming a bar dyke, etc., as in harbor improvement.</def>

<h1>Gabionade</h1>
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<hw>Ga`bi*on*ade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gabionnade</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A traverse made with gabions between guns or on their flanks, protecting them from enfilading fire.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A structure of gabions sunk in lines, as a core for a sand bar in harbor improvements.</def>

<h1>Gabionage</h1>
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<hw>Ga"bi*on*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gabionnage</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The part of a fortification built of gabions.</def>

<h1>Gabioned</h1>
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<hw>Ga"bi*oned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Furnished with gabions.</def>

<h1>Gabionnade</h1>
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<hw>Ga`bion`nade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gabionade</er>.</def>

<h1>Gable</h1>
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<hw>Ga"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cable.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Gable</h1>
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<hw>Ga"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gable</ets>, <ets>gabil</ets>, F. <ets>gable</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>gabalum</ets> front of a building, prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. OHG. <ets>gibil</ets>, G. <ets>giebel</ets> gable, Icel. <ets>gafl</ets>, Goth. <ets>gibla</ets> pinnacle; perh. akin to Gr. <?/ head, and E. <ets>cephalic</ets>, or to G. <ets>gabel</ets> fork, AS. <ets>geafl</ets>, E. <ets>gaffle</ets>, L. <ets>gabalus</ets> a kind of gallows.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The vertical triangular portion of the end of a building, from the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. Also, a similar end when not triangular in shape, as of a gambrel roof and the like.</def> Hence: <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The end wall of a building, as distinguished from the front or rear side.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A decorative member having the shape of a triangular gable, such as that above a Gothic arch in a doorway.</def>

<cs><col>Bell gable</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gable roof</col>, <cd>a double sloping roof which forms a gable at each end.</cd> -- <col>Gable wall</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Gable</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.<er></cd> -- <col>Gable window</col>, <cd>a window in a gable.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gablet</h1>
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<hw>Ga"blet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small gable, or gable-shaped canopy, formed over a tabernacle, niche, etc.</def>

<h1>Gablock</h1>
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<hw>Gab"lock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gavelock</er>.]</ety> <def>A false spur or gaff, fitted on the heel of a gamecock.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Gaby</h1>
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<hw>Ga"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>gapi</ets> a rash, reckless man. Cf. <er>Gafe</er>.]</ety> <def>A simpleton; a dunce; a lout.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Gad</h1>
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<hw>Gad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gad</ets>, Icel. <ets>gaddr</ets> goad, sting; akin to Sw. <ets>gadd</ets> sting, Goth. <ets>gazds</ets>, G. <ets>gerte</ets> switch. See <er>Yard</er> a measure.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The point of a spear, or an arrowhead.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pointed or wedge-shaped instrument of metal, as a steel wedge used in mining, etc.</def>

<blockquote>I will go get a leaf of brass,
And with a <b>gad</b> of steel will write these words.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sharp-pointed rod; a goad.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A spike on a gauntlet; a gadling.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A wedge-shaped billet of iron or steel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Flemish steel . . . some in bars and some in <b>gads</b>.
<i>Moxon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A rod or stick, as a fishing rod, a measuring rod, or a rod used to drive cattle with.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. Local, U.S.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell. Bartlett.</i>

<cs><col>Upon the gad</col>, <cd>upon the spur of the moment; hastily. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "All this done <i>upon the gad!<i>"</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gad</h1>
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<hw>Gad</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gadded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gadding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>gad</ets>, <tt>n.</tt>, and orig. meaning <ets>to drive about</ets>.]</ety> <def>To walk about; to rove or go about, without purpose; hence, to run wild; to be uncontrolled.</def> "The <i>gadding</i> vine."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Why <b>gaddest</b> thou about so much to change thy way?
<i>Jer. ii. 36.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gadabout</h1>
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<hw>Gad"a*bout`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gadder</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Gadbee</h1>
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<hw>Gad"bee`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The gadfly.</def>

<h1>Gadder</h1>
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<hw>Gad"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who roves about idly, a rambling gossip.</def>

<h1>Gadding</h1>
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<hw>Gad"ding</hw>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Going about much, needlessly or without purpose.</def>

<blockquote>Envy is a <b>gadding</b> passion, and walketh the streets.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The good nuns would check her <b>gadding</b> tongue.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Gadding car</col>, <cd>in quarrying, a car which carries a drilling machine so arranged as to drill a line of holes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gaddingly</h1>
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<hw>Gad"ding*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a roving, idle manner.</def>

<h1>Gaddish</h1>
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<hw>Gad"dish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disposed to gad.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Gad"dish*nes</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> "Gaddishness and folly."

<i>Abp. Leighton.</i></wordforms>

<h1>Gade</h1>
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<hw>Gade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Cod the fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small British fish (<spn>Motella argenteola</spn>) of the Cod family.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A pike, so called at Moray Firth; -- called also <altname>gead</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="607">
Page 607<p>

<mhw><h1>Gadere, Gadre</h1>
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<hw>Gad"er*e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gad"re</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To gather.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gadfly</h1>
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<hw>Gad"fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gadflies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Gad</ets> + <ets>fly</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any dipterous insect of the genus <spn>Oestrus</spn>, and allied genera of botflies.</def>

<note>&hand; The sheep <i>gadfly</i> (<spn>Oestrus ovis</spn>) deposits its young in the nostrils of sheep, and the larv\'91 develop in the frontal sinuses. The common species which infests cattle (<spn>Hypoderma bovis</spn>) deposits its eggs upon or in the skin where the larv\'91 or bots live and produce sores called <i>wormels</i>. The <i>gadflies</i> of the horse produce the intestinal parasites called <i>bots</i>. See <er>Botfly</er>, and <er>Bots</er>. The true horseflies are often erroneously called <i>gadflies</i>, and the true <i>gadflies</i> are sometimes incorrectly called <i>breeze flies</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Gadfly petrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several small petrels of the genus <spn>Oestrelata</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gadhelic</h1>
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<hw>Gadhel"ic</hw> <tt>(g&amac;l"&icr;k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gaelic</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to that division of the Celtic languages, which includes the Irish, Gaelic, and Manx.</def>

<i>J. Peile.</i>

<h1>Gadic</h1>
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<hw>Gad"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the cod (<spn>Gadus</spn>); -- applied to an acid obtained from cod-liver oil, viz., <i>gadic</i> acid.</def>

<h1>Gaditanian</h1>
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<hw>Gad`i*ta`ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Gaditanus</ets>, fr. <ets>Gades</ets> Cadiz.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to Cadiz, in Spain.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Cadiz.</def></def2>

<h1>Gadling</h1>
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<hw>Gad"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gad</ets>, n. + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Medi\'91val Armor)</fld> <mark>[R.]</mark> <def>See <er>Gad</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<h1>Gadling</h1>
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<hw>Gad"ling</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gad</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Gadding about.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gadling</h1>
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<hw>Gad"ling</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A roving vagabond.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Gadman</h1>
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<hw>Gadman</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gadsman.</def>

<h1>Gadoid</h1>
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<hw>Ga"doid</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>gadus</ets> cod + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gado\'8bde</ets> gadoid, Gr. <?/ a sort of fish, F. <ets>gade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the family of fishes (<spn>Gadid\'91</spn>) which includes the cod, haddock, and hake.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the <spn>Gadid\'91</spn>.</def></def2> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gadid</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Gadolinia</h1>
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<hw>Gad`o*lin"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Gadolinite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare earth, regarded by some as an oxide of the supposed element gadolinium, by others as only a mixture of the oxides of yttrium, erbium, ytterbium, etc.</def>

<h1>Gadolinic</h1>
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<hw>Gad`o*lin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to or containing gadolinium.</def>

<h1>Gadolinite</h1>
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<hw>Gad"o*lin*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after <ets>Gadolin</ets>, a Russian chemist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a nearly black color and vitreous luster, and consisting principally of the silicates of yttrium, cerium, and iron.</def>

<h1>Gadolinium</h1>
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<hw>Gad`o*lin"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Gadolinite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A supposed rare metallic element, with a characteristic spectrum, found associated with yttrium and other rare metals. Its individuality and properties have not yet been determined.</def>

<h1>Gadsman</h1>
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<hw>Gads"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who uses a gad or goad in driving.</def>

<h1>Gaduin</h1>
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<hw>Gad"u*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[NL. <ets>gadus</ets> codfish.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow or brown amorphous substance, of indifferent nature, found in cod-liver oil.</def>

<h1>Gadwall</h1>
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<hw>Gad"wall</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gad</ets> to walk about + <ets>well</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large duck (<spn>Anas strepera</spn>), valued as a game bird, found in the northern parts of Europe and America; -- called also <altname>gray duck</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gaddwell</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Gael</h1>
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<hw>Gael</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gaelic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A Celt or the Celts of the Scotch Highlands or of Ireland; now esp., a Scotch Highlander of Celtic origin.</def>

<h1>Gaelic</h1>
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<hw>Gael"ic</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>G\'85idhealach</ets>, <ets>Gaelach</ets>, from <ets>G\'85idheal</ets>, <ets>Gael</ets>, a Scotch Highlander.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Gael, esp. to the Celtic Highlanders of Scotland; <as>as, the <ex>Gaelic</ex> language</as>.</def>

<h1>Gaelic</h1>
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<hw>Gael"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>Gaelig</ets>, <ets>G\'85ilig</ets>.]</ety> <def>The language of the Gaels, esp. of the Highlanders of Scotland. It is a branch of the Celtic.</def>

<h1>Gaff</h1>
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<hw>Gaff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gaffe</ets>, F. <ets>gaffe</ets> an iron hook with which seamen pull great fishes into their ships; cf. Ir. <ets>gaf</ets>, <ets>gafa</ets> hook; perh. akin to G. <ets>gabel</ets> fork, Skr. <ets>gabhasti</ets>. CF. <er>Gaffle</er>, <er>Gable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A barbed spear or a hook with a handle, used by fishermen in securing heavy fish.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The spar upon which the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail is extended.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Same as <er>Gaffle</er>, 1.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Gaff</h1>
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<hw>Gaff</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gaffed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gaffing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strike with a gaff or barbed spear; to secure by means of a gaff; <as>as, to <ex>gaff</ex> a salmon</as>.</def>

<h1>Gaffer</h1>
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<hw>Gaf"fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Possibly contr. fr. <ets>godfather</ets>; but prob. fr. <ets>gramfer</ets> for <ets>grandfather</ets>. Cf. <er>Gammer</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An old fellow; an aged rustic.</def>

<blockquote>Go to each <b>gaffer</b> and each goody.
<i>Fawkes.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Gaffer</i> was originally a respectful title, now degenerated into a term of familiarity or contempt when addressed to an aged man in humble life.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A foreman or overseer of a gang of laborers.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Gaffle</h1>
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<hw>Gaf"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>geafl</ets> fork, LG., D., Sw., & Dan. <ets>gaffel</ets>, G. <ets>gabel</ets>, W. <ets>gafl</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>gabhal</ets>. Cf. <er>Gaff</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An artificial spur or gaff for gamecocks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lever to bend crossbows.</def>

<h1>Gaff-topsail</h1>
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<hw>Gaff`-top"sail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small triangular sail having its foot extended upon the gaff and its luff upon the topmast.</def>

<h1>Gag</h1>
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<hw>Gag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gagged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gagging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. fr. W. <ets>cegio</ets> to choke or strangle, fr. <ets>ceg</ets> mouth, opening, entrance.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stop the mouth of, by thrusting sometimes in, so as to hinder speaking; hence, to silence by authority or by violence; not to allow freedom of speech to.</def>

<i>Marvell.</i>

<blockquote>The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be <b>gagged</b>, and reason to be hood winked.
<i>Maccaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pry or hold open by means of a gag.</def>

<blockquote>Mouths <b>gagged</b> to such a wideness.
<i>Fortescue (Transl. ).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to heave with nausea.</def>

<h1>Gag</h1>
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<hw>Gag</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To heave with nausea; to retch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To introduce gags or interpolations. See <er>Gag</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Cornill Mag.</i>

<h1>Gag</h1>
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<hw>Gag</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sometimes thrust into the mouth or throat to hinder speaking.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mouthful that makes one retch; a choking bit; <as>as, a <ex>gag</ex> of mutton fat</as>.</def>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A speech or phrase interpolated offhand by an actor on the stage in his part as written, usually consisting of some seasonable or local allusion.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<cs><col>Gag rein</col> <fld>(Harness)</fld>, <cd>a rein for drawing the bit upward in the horse's mouth.</cd> -- <col>Gag runner</col> <fld>(Harness)</fld>, <cd>a loop on the throat latch guiding the gag rein.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gagate</h1>
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<hw>Gag"ate</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gagates</ets>. See <er>Jet</er> a black mineral.]</ety> <def>Agate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Gage</h1>
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<hw>Gage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gage</ets>, LL. <ets>gadium</ets>, <ets>wadium</ets>; of German origin; cf. Goth. <ets>wadi</ets>, OHG. <ets>wetti</ets>, <ets>weti</ets>, akin to E. <ets>wed</ets>. See <er>Wed</er>, and cf. <er>Wage</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pledge or pawn; something laid down or given as a security for the performance of some act by the person depositing it, and forfeited by nonperformance; security.</def>

<blockquote>Nor without <b>gages</b> to the needy lend.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A glove, cap, or the like, cast on the ground as a challenge to combat, and to be taken up by the accepter of the challenge; a challenge; a defiance.</def> "There I throw my <i>gage</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gage</h1>
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<hw>Gage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called because an English family named <ets>Gage</ets> imported the greengage from France, in the last century.]</ety> <def>A variety of plum; <as>as, the <ex>greengage</ex>; also, the blue <ex>gage</ex>, frost <ex>gage</ex>, golden <ex>gage</ex>, etc., having more or less likeness to the greengage. See <er>Greengage</er>.</as></def>

<h1>Gage</h1>
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<hw>Gage</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gaged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gaging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gager</ets>. See <er>Gage</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, a pledge.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give or deposit as a pledge or security for some act; to wage or wager; to pawn or pledge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A moiety competent
Was <b>gaged</b> by our king.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bind by pledge, or security; to engage.</def>

<blockquote>Great debts
Wherein my time, sometimes too prodigal,
Hath left me <b>gaged</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gage</h1>
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<hw>Gage</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A measure or standart. See <er>Gauge</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Gage</h1>
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<hw>Gage</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To measure. See <er>Gauge</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<blockquote>You shall not <b>gage me</b>
<b>By what we do to-night</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gager</h1>
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<hw>Ga"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A measurer. See <er>Gauger</er>.</def>

<h1>Gagger</h1>
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<hw>Gag"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who gags.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A piece of iron imbedded in the sand of a mold to keep the sand in place.</def>

<h1>Gaggle</h1>
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<hw>Gag"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gaggled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gaggling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of imitative origin; cf. D. <ets>gaggelen</ets>, <ets>gagelen</ets>, G. <ets>gackeln</ets>, <ets>gackern</ets>, MHG. <ets>g<?/gen</ets>, E. <ets>giggle</ets>, <ets>cackle</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make a noise like a goose; to cackle.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Gaggle</h1>
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<hw>Gag"gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gaggle</er> <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A flock of wild geese.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Gagtooth</h1>
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<hw>Gag"tooth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <er>Gagteeth</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <def>A projecting tooth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gag-toothed</h1>
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<hw>Gag"-toothed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having gagteeth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gahnite</h1>
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<hw>Gahn"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after <ets>Gahn</ets>, a Swedish chemist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Zinc spinel; automolite.</def>

<h1>Gaidic</h1>
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<hw>Ga*id"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ earth.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to hypogeic acid; -- applied to an acid obtained from hypogeic acid.</def>

<h1>Gaiety</h1>
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<hw>Gai"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Gayety</er>.</def>

<h1>Gailer</h1>
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<hw>Gail"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A jailer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gaillard</h1>
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<hw>Gail`lard"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Galliard</er>.]</ety> <def>Gay; brisk; merry; galliard.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gailliarde</h1>
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<hw>Gail*liarde"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Galliard</er> a dance.]</ety> <def>A lively French and Italian dance.</def>

<h1>Gaily</h1>
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<hw>Gai"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Gay</er>.]</ety> <def>Merrily; showily. See <er>gaily</er>.</def>

<h1>Gain</h1>
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<hw>Gain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>gan</ets> a mortise.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A square or beveled notch cut out of a girder, binding joist, or other timber which supports a floor beam, so as to receive the end of the floor beam.</def>

<h1>Gain</h1>
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<hw>Gain</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gein</ets>, <ets>gain</ets>, good, near, quick; cf. Icel. <ets>gegn</ets> ready, serviceable, and <ets>gegn</ets>, adv., against, opposite. CF. <er>Ahain</er>.]</ety> <def>Convenient; suitable; direct; near; handy; dexterous; easy; profitable; cheap; respectable.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Gain</h1>
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<hw>Gain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gain</ets>, <ets>gein</ets>, <ets>ga<?/hen</ets>, gain, advantage, Icel. <ets>gagn</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>gagn</ets>, Dan. <ets>gavn</ets>, cf. Goth. <ets>gageigan</ets> to gain. The word was prob. influenced by F. <ets>gain</ets> gain, OF. <ets>gaain</ets>. Cf. <er>Gain</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is gained, obtained, or acquired, as increase, profit, advantage, or benefit; -- opposed to <i>loss</i>.</def>

<blockquote>But what things were <b>gain</b> to me, those I counted loss for Christ.
<i>Phil. iii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Godliness with contentment is great <b>gain</b>.
<i>1 Tim. vi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Every one shall share in the <b>gains</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The obtaining or amassing of profit or valuable possessions; acquisition; accumulation.</def> "The lust of <i>gain</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Gain</h1>
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<hw>Gain</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <ets>gain</ets>, <tt>n.</tt> but. prob. influenced by F. <ets>gagner</ets> to earn, gain, OF. <ets>gaaignier</ets> to cultivate, OHG. <ets>weidin<?/n</ets>, <ets>weidinen</ets> to pasture, hunt, fr. <ets>weida</ets> pasturage, G. <ets>weide</ets>, akin to Icel. <ets>vei<?/r</ets> hunting, AS. <ets>wa<?/u</ets>, cf. L. <ets>venari</ets> to hunt, E. <ets>venison</ets>. See <er>Gain</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, profit.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To get, as profit or advantage; to obtain or acquire by effort or labor; <as>as, to <ex>gain</ex> a good living</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What is a man profited, if he shall <b>gain</b> the whole world, and lose his own soul?
<i>Matt. xvi. 26.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>gain</b> dominion, or to keep it <b>gained</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For fame with toil we <b>gain</b>, but lose with ease.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by competition; <as>as, to <ex>gain</ex> a battle; to <ex>gain</ex> a case at law; to <ex>gain</ex> a prize.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side; to conciliate.</def>

<blockquote>If he shall hear thee, thou hast <b>gained</b> thy brother.
<i>Matt. xviii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To gratify the queen, and <b>gained</b> the court.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; <as>as, to <ex>gain</ex> the top of a mountain; to <ex>gain</ex> a good harbor.</as></def>

<blockquote>Forded Usk and <b>gained</b> the wood.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To get, incur, or receive, as loss, harm, or damage.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Ironical]</mark>

<blockquote>Ye should . . . not have loosed from Crete, and to have <b>gained</b> this harm and loss.
<i>Acts xxvii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Gained day</col>, <cd>the calendar day gained in sailing eastward around the earth.</cd> -- <col>To gain ground</col>, <cd>to make progress; to advance in any undertaking; to prevail; to acquire strength or extent.</cd> -- <col>To gain over</col>, <cd>to draw to one's party or interest; to win over.</cd> -- <col>To gain the wind</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to reach the windward side of another ship.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To obtain; acquire; get; procure; win; earn; attain; achieve.</syn> <usage> See <er>Obtain</er>. -- <er>To Gain</er>, <er>Win</er>. <i>Gain</i> implies only that we get something by exertion; <i>win</i>, that we do it in competition with others. A person <i>gains</i> knowledge, or <i>gains</i> a prize, simply by striving for it; he <i>wins</i> a victory, or <i>wins</i> a prize, by taking it in a struggle with others.</usage>

<h1>Gain</h1>
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<hw>Gain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress; <as>as, the sick man <ex>gains</ex> daily</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thou hast greedily <b>gained</b> of thy neighbors by extortion.
<i>Ezek. xxii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Gaining twist</col>, <cd>in rifled firearms, a twist of the grooves, which increases regularly from the breech to the muzzle.</cd>  <mcol><col>To gain on</col> &or; <col>upon</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To encroach on; <as>as, the ocean <ex>gains on<ex> the land</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To obtain influence with.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To win ground upon; to move faster than, as in a race or contest.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To get the better of; to have the advantage of.</cd>

<blockquote>The English have not only <b>gained upon</b> the Venetians in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice itself.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>
</cs>

<blockquote>My good behavior had so far <b>gained on</b> the emperor, that I began to conceive hopes of liberty.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gainable</h1>
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<hw>Gain"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>gagnable</ets>. See <er>Gain</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Capable of being obtained or reached.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Gainage</h1>
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<hw>Gain"age</hw> <tt>(?, 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>gaignage</ets> pasturage, crop, F. <ets>gaignage</ets> pasturage. See <er>Gain</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The horses, oxen, plows, wains or wagons and implements for carrying on tillage.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The profit made by tillage; also, the land itself.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Gainer</h1>
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<hw>Gain"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gains.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gainful</h1>
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<hw>Gain"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Profitable; advantageous; lucrative.</def> "A <i>gainful</i> speculation." <i>Macaulay</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Gain"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Gain"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Gaingiving</h1>
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<hw>Gain"giv`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Again</er>, and <er>Give</er>.]</ety> <def>A misgiving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gainless</h1>
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<hw>Gain"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not producing gain; unprofitable.</def> <i>Hammond</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Gain"less/ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Gainly</h1>
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<hw>Gain"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gain</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Handily; readily; dexterously; advantageously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Gainpain</h1>
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<hw>Gain"pain`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[F. <ets>gagner</ets> to gain + <ets>pain</ets> bread.]</ety> <def>Bread-gainer; -- a term applied in the Middle Ages to the sword of a hired soldier.</def>

<h1>Gainsay</h1>
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<hw>Gain`say"</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gainsaid</er> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gainsaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>geinseien</ets>, <ets>ageinseien</ets>. See <er>Again</er>, and <er>Say</er> to utter.]</ety> <def>To contradict; to deny; to controvert; to dispute; to forbid.</def>

<blockquote>I will give you a mouth and wisdom which all your adversaries shall not be able to <b>gainsay</b> nor resist.
<i>Luke xxi. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The just gods <b>gainsay</b>
That any drop thou borrow'dst from thy mother,
My sacred aunt, should by my mortal sword
Be drained.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gainsayer</h1>
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<hw>Gain`say"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gainsays, contradicts, or denies.</def> "To convince the <i>gainsayers</i>."

<i>Tit. i. 9.</i>

<h1>Gainsome</h1>
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<hw>Gain"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Gainful.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Prepossessing; well-favored.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>'Gainst</h1>
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<hw>'Gainst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>A contraction of <er>Against</er>.</def>

<h1>Gainstand</h1>
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<hw>Gain"stand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gainstood</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>gainstanding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Again</er>, and <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <def>To withstand; to resist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Durst . . . <b>gainstand</b> the force of so many enraged desires.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gainstrive</h1>
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<hw>Gain"strive`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Again</er>, and <er>Strive</er>.]</ety> <def>To strive or struggle against; to withstand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Gairfowl</h1>
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<hw>Gair"fowl`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Garefowl</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Gairish, a., Gairishly, adv., Gairish/ness</h1>
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<hw>Gair"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>Gair"ish*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt>, <hw>Gair"ish/ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt></mhw> <def>Same as <er>Garish</er>, <er>Garishly</er>, <er>Garishness</er>.</def>

<h1>Gait</h1>
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<hw>Gait</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gate</er> a way.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A going; a walk; a march; a way.</def>

<blockquote>Good gentleman, go your <b>gait</b>, and let poor folks pass.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or carriage while moving.</def>

<blockquote>'T is Cinna; I do know him by his <b>gait</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gaited</h1>
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<hw>Gait"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having (such) a gait; -- used in composition; <as>as, slow-<ex>gaited</ex>; heavy-<ex>gaited</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Gaiter</h1>
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<hw>Gait"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gu\'88tre</ets>, cf. Armor. <ets>gweltren</ets>; or perh. of German origin, and akin to E. <ets>wear</ets>, v.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A covering of cloth or leather for the ankle and instep, or for the whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting down upon the shoe.</def>

<hr>
<page="608">
Page 608<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of shoe, consisting of cloth, and covering the ankle.</def>

<h1>Gaiter</h1>
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<hw>Gai"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dress with gaiters.</def>

<mhw><h1>Gaitre, Gaytre</h1>
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<hw>Gai"tre</hw>, <hw>Gay"tre</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. Cf. <er>Gatten tree</er>.]</ety> <def>The dogwood tree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gala</h1>
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<hw>Ga"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gala</ets> show, pomp, fr. It. <ets>gala</ets> finery, gala; of German origin. See <er>Gallant</er>.]</ety> <def>Pomp, show, or festivity.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<cs><col>Gala day</col>, <cd>a day of mirth and festivity; a holiday.</cd></cs>

<h1>Galacta-gogue</h1>
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<hw>Ga*lac"ta-gogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, milk + <?/ to lead.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An agent exciting secretion of milk.</def>

<h1>Galactic</h1>
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<hw>Ga*lac"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ milky, fr. <?/, <?/, milk. See <er>Galaxy</er>, and cf. <er>Lactic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to milk; got from milk; <as>as, <ex>galactic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the galaxy or Milky Way.</def>

<cs><col>Galactic circle</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the great circle of the heavens, to which the course of the galaxy most nearly conforms. <i>Herschel</i>.</cd> -- <col>Galactic poles</col>, <cd>the poles of the galactic circle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Galactin</h1>
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<hw>Ga*lac"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, milk. Cf. <er>Lactin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An amorphous, gelatinous substance containing nitrogen, found in milk and other animal fluids. It resembles peptone, and is variously regarded as a coagulating or emulsifying agent.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A white waxy substance found in the sap of the South American cow tree (<spn>Galactodendron</spn>).</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate resembling gelose, found in the seeds of leguminous plants, and yielding on decomposition several sugars, including galactose.</def>

<h1>Galactodensimeter</h1>
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<hw>Ga*lac`to*den*sim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/ + E. <ets>densimeter</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Galactometer</er>.</def>

<h1>Galactometer</h1>
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<hw>Gal`ac*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, milk + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>galactom\'8atre</ets>. Cf. <er>Lactometer</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for ascertaining the quality of milk (<it>i.e.</it>, its richness in cream) by determining its specific gravity; a lactometer.</def>

<h1>Galactophagist</h1>
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<hw>Gal`ac*toph"a*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, milk + <?/ to eat: cf. <?/ to live on milk.]</ety> <def>One who eats, or subsists on, milk.</def>

<h1>Galactophagous</h1>
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<hw>Gal`ac*toph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>galactophade</ets>.]</ety> <def>Feeding on milk.</def>

<h1>Galactophorous</h1>
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<hw>Gal`ac*toph"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, milk + <?/ to bear: cf. F. <ets>galactophore</ets>. Cf. <er>Lactiferous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Milk-carrying; lactiferous; -- applied to the ducts of mammary glands.</def>

<h1>Galactopoietic</h1>
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<hw>Ga*lac`to*poi*et"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, milk + <?/ capable of making; fr. <?/ to make.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Increasing the flow of milk; milk-producing. -- <tt>n.</tt> A galactopoietic substance.</def>

<h1>Galactose</h1>
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<hw>Ga*lac"tose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline sugar, <chform>C6H12O6</chform>, isomeric with dextrose, obtained by the decomposition of milk sugar, and also from certain gums. When oxidized it forms mucic acid. Called also <altname>lactose</altname> (though it is not lactose proper).</def><-- lactose is a dimeric form of galactose, converted to galactose by acid or enzymatic activity (beta-galactosidase) -->

<h1>Galage</h1>
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<hw>Ga*lage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Obs.)</fld> <def>See <er>Galoche</er>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Galago</h1>
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<hw>Ga*la"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Galagos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of African lemurs, including numerous species.</def>

<note>&hand; The <stype>grand galago</stype> (<spn>Galago crassicaudata</spn>) is about the size of a cat; the <stype>mouse galago</stype> (<spn>G. murinus</spn>)is about the size of a mouse.</note>

<h1>Galanga, Galangal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ga*lan"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ga*lan"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[OE. <ets>galingale</ets>, OF. <ets>galingal</ets>, <ets>garingal</ets>, F. <ets>galanga</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>galanga</ets>), prob. fr. Ar. <ets>khalanj<?/n</ets>. ]</ety> <def>The pungent aromatic rhizome or tuber of certain East Indian or Chinese species of <spn>Alpinia</spn> (<spn>A. Galanga</spn> and <spn>A. officinarum</spn>) and of the <spn>K\'91mpferia Galanga</spn>), -- all of the Ginger family.</def>

<h1>Galantine</h1>
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<hw>Gal"an*tine</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>galantine</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dish of veal, chickens, or other white meat, freed from bones, tied up, boiled, and served cold.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Galapee tree</h1>
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<hw>Gal"a*pee` tree"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The West Indian <spn>Sciadophyllum Brownei</spn>, a tree with very large digitate leaves.</def>

<h1>Galatian</h1>
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<hw>Ga*la"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Galatia or its inhabitants. -- A native or inhabitant of Galatia, in Asia Minor; a descendant of the Gauls who settled in Asia Minor.</def>

<h1>Galaxy</h1>
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<hw>Gal"ax*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Galaxies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>galaxie</ets>, L. <ets>galaxias</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/ circle), fr. <?/, <?/, milk; akin to L. <ets>lac</ets>. CF. <er>Lacteal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The Milky Way; that luminous tract, or belt, which is seen at night stretching across the heavens, and which is composed of innumerable stars, so distant and blended as to be distinguishable only with the telescope. The term has recently been used for remote clusters of stars.</def>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A splendid assemblage of persons or things.</def>

<h1>Galban, Galbanum</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gal"ban</hw>, <hw>Gal"ba*num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>galbanum</ets>, Gr. <?/, prob. from Heb. <ets>klekb'n<?/h</ets>: cf. F. <ets>galbanum</ets>.]</ety> <def>A gum resin exuding from the stems of certain Asiatic umbelliferous plants, mostly species of <spn>Ferula</spn>. The <spn>Bubon Galbanum</spn> of South Africa furnishes an inferior kind of galbanum. It has an acrid, bitter taste, a strong, unpleasant smell, and is used for medical purposes, also in the arts, as in the manufacture of varnish.</def>

<h1>Gale</h1>
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<hw>Gale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. of Scand.. origin; cf. Dan. <ets>gal</ets> furious, Icel. <ets>galinn</ets>, cf. Icel. <ets>gala</ets> to sing, AS. <ets>galan</ets> to sing, Icel. <ets>galdr</ets> song, witchcraft, AS. <ets>galdor</ets> charm, sorcery, E. nightin<ets>gale</ets>; also, Icel. <ets>gj</ets><?/<ets>la</ets> gust of wind, <ets>gola</ets> breeze. Cf. <er>Yell</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A strong current of air; a wind between a stiff breeze and a hurricane. The most violent gales are called <i>tempests</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Gales</i> have a velocity of from about eighteen ("moderate") to about eighty ("very heavy") miles an our.</note>

<i>Sir. W. S. Harris.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A moderate current of air; a breeze.</def>

<blockquote>A little <b>gale</b> will soon disperse that cloud.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And winds of gentlest <b>gale</b> Arabian odors fanned
From their soft wings.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A state of excitement, passion, or hilarity.</def>

<blockquote>The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast getting into what, in New England, is sometimes called a <b>gale</b>.
<i>Brooke (Eastford).</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Topgallant gale</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>one in which a ship may carry her topgallant sails.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gale</h1>
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<hw>Gale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To sale, or sail fast.</def>

<h1>Gale</h1>
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<hw>Gale</hw>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gal</ets>. See <er>Gale</er> wind.]</ety> <def>A song or story.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Toone.</i>

<h1>Gale</h1>
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<hw>Gale</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>galan</ets>. See 1st <er>Gale</er>.]</ety> <def>To sing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Can he cry and <i>gale</i>."

<i>Court of Love.</i>

<h1>Gale</h1>
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<hw>Gale</hw>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gagel</ets>, akin to D. <ets>gagel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Myrica</spn>, growing in wet places, and strongly resembling the bayberry. The sweet gale (<spn>Myrica Gale</spn>) is found both in Europe and in America.</def>

<h1>Gale</h1>
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<hw>Gale</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gabel</er>.]</ety> <def>The payment of a rent or annuity.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<cs><col>Gale day</col>, <cd>the day on which rent or interest is due.</cd></cs>

<h1>Galea</h1>
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<hw>Ga"le*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[L., a helmet. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The upper lip or helmet-shaped part of a labiate flower.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A kind of bandage for the head.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Pathol.)</fld> <def>Headache extending all over the head.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of fossil echini, having a vaulted, helmet-shaped shell.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The anterior, outer process of the second joint of the maxillae in certain insects.</def>

<h1>Galeas</h1>
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<hw>Gal"e*as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Galleass</er>.</def>

<h1>Galeate, Galeated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ga"le*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ga"le*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>galeatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>galeare</ets> helmet.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wearing a helmet; protected by a helmet; covered, as with a helmet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Helmeted; having a helmetlike part, as a crest, a flower, etc.; helmet-shaped.</def>

<h1>Galei</h1>
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<hw>Ga"le*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>Galeus</ets>, name of one genus, fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of shark.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That division of elasmobranch fishes which includes the sharks.</def>

<h1>Galena</h1>
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<hw>Ga*le"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>galena</ets> lead ore, dross that remains after melting lead: cf. F. <ets>gal\'8ane</ets> sulphide of lead ore, antidote to prison, stillness of the sea, calm, tranquility.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy or antidose for poison; theriaca.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Parr.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Lead sulphide; the principal ore of lead. It is of a bluish gray color and metallic luster, and is cubic in crystallization and cleavage.</def>

<cs><col>False galena</col>. <cd>See <er>Blende</er>.</cd></cs>

<mhw><h1>Galenic, Galenical</h1>
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<hw>Ga*len"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ga*len"ic*al</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, galena.</def>

<mhw><h1>Galenic, Galenical</h1>
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<hw>Ga*len"ic</hw>, <hw>Ga*len"ic*al</hw></mhw>, <tt>an.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Galen</ets>, the physician.]</ety> <def>Relating to Galen or to his principles and method of treating diseases.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<cs><col>Galenic pharmacy</col>, <cd>that branch of pharmacy which relates to the preparation of medicines by infusion, decoction, etc., as distinguished from those which are chemically prepared.</cd></cs>

<h1>Galenism</h1>
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<hw>Ga"len*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrines of Galen.</def>

<h1>Galenist</h1>
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<hw>Ga*len*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A follower of Galen.</def>

<h1>Galenite</h1>
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<hw>Ga*le"nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Galena; lead ore.</def>

<h1>Gale-opithecus</h1>
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<hw>Ga`le-o*pi*the"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a weasel + <?/ an ape.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of flying Insectivora, formerly called <i>flying lemurs</i>. See <er>Colugo</er>.</def>

<h1>Galericu-late</h1>
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<hw>Gal`er*ic"u-late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>galericulum</ets>, dim. of <ets>galerum</ets> a hat or cap, fr. <ets>galea</ets> helmet.]</ety> <def>Covered as with a hat or cap.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Galerite</h1>
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<hw>Gal"er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>galerum</ets> a hat, cap: cf. F. <ets>gal\'82rite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A cretaceous fossil sea urchin of the genus <spn>Galerites</spn>.</def>

<h1>Galician</h1>
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<hw>Ga*li"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>Galiciano</ets>, <ets>Gallego</ets>, fr. L. <ets>Gallaecus</ets>, <ets>Gallaicus</ets>, fr. <ets>Gallaeci</ets> a people in Western Spain.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Galicia, in Spain, or to Galicia, the kingdom of Austrian Poland.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Galicia in Spain; -- called also <altname>Gallegan</altname>.</def></def2>

<h1>Galilean</h1>
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<hw>Gal`i*le"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Galileo; <as>as, the <ex>Galilean</ex> telescope</as>. See <er>Telescope</er>.</def>

<h1>Galilean</h1>
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<hw>Gal`i*le"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Galilaeus</ets>, fr. <ets>Galilaea</ets> Galilee, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>galil\'82en</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to Galilee.</def>

<h1>Galilean</h1>
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<hw>Gal`i*le"an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of Galilee, the northern province of Palestine under the Romans.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Jewish Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the party among the Jews, who opposed the payment of tribute to the Romans; -- called also <altname>Gaulonite</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A Christian in general; -- used as a term of reproach by Mohammedans and Pagans.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Galilee</h1>
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<hw>Gal"i*lee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Supposed to have been so termed in allusion to the scriptural "Galilee of the Gentiles." cf. OF. <ets>galil\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A porch or waiting room, usually at the west end of an abbey church, where the monks collected on returning from processions, where bodies were laid previous to interment, and where women were allowed to see the monks to whom they were related, or to hear divine service. Also, frequently applied to the porch of a church, as at Ely and Durham cathedrals.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Galimatias</h1>
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<hw>Gal`i*ma"tias</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Nonsense; gibberish; confused and unmeaning talk; confused mixture.</def>

<blockquote>Her dress, like her talk, is a <b>galimatias</b> of several countries.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Galingale</h1>
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<hw>Gal"in*gale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Galangal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the Sedge family (<spn>Cyperus longus</spn>) having aromatic roots; also, any plant of the same genus.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Meadow, set with slender <b>galingale</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Galiot</h1>
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<hw>Gal"i*ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>galiote</ets>, F. <ets>galiote</ets>. See <er>Galley</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small galley, formerly used in the Mediterranean, built mainly for speed. It was moved both by sails and oars, having one mast, and sixteen or twenty seats for rowers.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A strong, light-draft, Dutch merchant vessel, carrying a mainmast and a mizzenmast, and a large gaff mainsail.</def>

<h1>Galipot</h1>
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<hw>Gal"i*pot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>galipot</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>garipot</ets> the wild pine or pitch tree.]</ety> <def>An impure resin of turpentine, hardened on the outside of pine trees by the spontaneous evaporation of its essential oil. When purified, it is called <i>yellow pitch</i>, <i>white pitch</i>, or <i>Burgundy pitch</i>.</def>

<h1>Gall</h1>
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<hw>Gall</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[OE. <ets>galle</ets>, <ets>gal</ets>, AS. <ets>gealla</ets>; akin to D.  <ets>gal</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>galla</ets>, Icel. <ets>gall</ets>, SW. <ets>galla</ets>, Dan. <ets>galde</ets>, L. <ets>fel</ets>, Gr. <?/, and prob. to E. <ets>yellow</ets>. <?/ See <er>Yellow</er>, and cf.  <er>Choler</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the mucous membrane of the gall bladder.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The gall bladder.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor.</def>

<blockquote>He hath . . . compassed me with <b>gall</b> and travail.
<i>Lam. iii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Comedy diverted without <b>gall</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Impudence; brazen assurance.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<cs><col>Gall bladder</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the membranous sac, in which the bile, or gall, is stored up, as secreted by the liver; the cholecystis. See <i>Illust<i>. of <i>Digestive apparatus<i>.</cd> -- <col>Gall duct</col>, <cd>a duct which conveys bile, as the cystic duct, or the hepatic duct.</cd> -- <col>Gall sickness</col>, <cd>a remitting bilious fever in the Netherlands. <i>Dunglison</i>.</cd> -- <col>Gall of the earth</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an herbaceous composite plant with variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the <spn>Prenanthes serpentaria</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gall</h1>
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<hw>Gall</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>galle</ets>, noix de <ets>galle</ets>, fr. L. <ets>galla</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their eggs in the wounds. The larvae live within the galls. Some galls are due to aphids, mites, etc. See <er>Gallnut</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>galls</i>, or <i>gallnuts</i>, of commerce are produced by insects of the genus <spn>Cynips</spn>, chiefly on an oak (<spn>Quercus infectoria</spn> or <spn>Lusitanica</spn>) of Western Asia and Southern Europe. They contain much tannin, and are used in the manufacture of that article and for making ink and a black dye, as well as in medicine.</note>

<cs><col>Gall insect</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any insect that produces galls.</cd> -- <col>Gall midge</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any small dipterous insect that produces galls.</cd> -- <col>Gall oak</col>, <cd>the oak (<spn>Quercus infectoria</spn>) which yields the galls of commerce.</cd> -- <col>Gall of glass</col>, <cd>the neutral salt skimmed off from the surface of melted crown glass;- called also <altname>glass gall</altname> and <altname>sandiver</altname>.</cd> <i>Ure.</i>-- <col>Gall wasp</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Gallfly</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gall</h1>
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<hw>Gall</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld> <def>To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Gall</h1>
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<hw>Gall</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Galled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Galling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gallen</ets>; cf. F. <ets>galer</ets> to scratch, rub, <ets>gale</ets> scurf, scab, G. <ets>galle</ets> a disease in horses' feet, an excrescence under the tongue of horses; of uncertain origin. Cf. <er>Gall</er> gallnut.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; <as>as, a saddle <ex>galls</ex> the back of a horse; to <ex>gall</ex> a mast or a cable.</as></def>

<blockquote>I am loth to <b>gall</b> a new-healed wound.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fret; to vex; <as>as, to be <ex>galled</ex> by sarcasm</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They that are most <b>galled</b> with my folly,
They most must laugh.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To injure; to harass; to annoy; <as>as, the troops were <ex>galled</ex> by the shot of the enemy</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In our wars against the French of old, we used to <b>gall</b> them with our longbows, at a greater distance than they could shoot their arrows.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gall</h1>
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<hw>Gall</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To scoff; to jeer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gall</h1>
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<hw>Gall</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wound in the skin made by rubbing.</def>

<h1>Gallant</h1>
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<hw>Gal"lant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gallant</ets>, prop. <ets>p. pr.</ets> of OF. <ets>galer</ets> to rejoice, akin to OF. <ets>gale</ets> amusement, It. <ets>gala</ets> ornament; of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>geil</ets> merry, luxuriant, wanton, G. <ets>geil</ets> lascivious, akin to AS. <ets>g<?/l</ets> wanton, wicked, OS. <ets>g<?/l</ets> merry, Goth. <ets>gailjan</ets> to make to rejoice, or perh. akin to E. <ets>weal</ets>. See <er>Gala</er>, <er>Galloon</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Showy; splendid; magnificent; gay; well-dressed.</def>

<blockquote>The town is built in a very <b>gallant</b> place.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our royal, good and <b>gallant</b> ship.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Noble in bearing or spirit; brave; high-spirited; courageous; heroic; magnanimous; <as>as, a <ex>gallant</ex> youth; a <ex>gallant</ex> officer.</as></def>

<blockquote>That <b>gallant</b> spirit hath aspired the clouds.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The gay, the wise, the <b>gallant</b>, and the grave.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Gallant</er>, <er>Courageous</er>, <er>Brave</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Courageous</i> is generic, denoting an inward spirit which rises above fear; <i>brave</i> is more outward, marking a spirit which braves or defies danger; <i>gallant</i> rises still higher, denoting bravery on extraordinary occasions in a spirit of adventure. A <i>courageous</i> man is ready for battle; a <i>brave</i> man courts it; a <i>gallant</i> man dashes into the midst of the conflict.</usage>

<h1>Gallant</h1>
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<hw>Gal*lant"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Polite and attentive to ladies; courteous to women; chivalrous.</def>

<h1>Gallant</h1>
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<hw>Gal*lant"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A man of mettle or spirit; a gay; fashionable man; a young blood.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One fond of paying attention to ladies.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who wooes; a lover; a suitor; in a bad sense, a seducer.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<note>&hand; In the first sense it is by some ortho\'89pists (as in Shakespeare) accented on the first syllable.</note>

<h1>Gallant</h1>
<Xpage=608>

<hw>Gal*lant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gallanted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gallanting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To attend or wait on, as a lady; <as>as, to <ex>gallant</ex> ladies to the play</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To handle with grace or in a modish manner; <as>as, to <ex>gallant</ex> a fan</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Gallantly</h1>
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<hw>Gal*lant"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a polite or courtly manner; like a gallant or wooer.</def>

<h1>Gallantly</h1>
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<hw>Gal"lant*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a gallant manner.</def>

<h1>Gallantness</h1>
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<hw>Gal"lant*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being gallant.</def>

<hr>
<page="609">
Page 609<p>

<h1>Gallantry</h1>
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<hw>Gal"lant*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gallantries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>galanterie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Splendor of appearance; ostentatious finery.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Guess the <b>gallantry</b> of our church by this . . . when the desk whereon the priest read was inlaid with plates of silver.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bravery; intrepidity; <as>as, the troops behaved with great <ex>gallantry</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Civility or polite attention to ladies; in a bed sense, attention or courtesy designed to win criminal favors from a female; freedom of principle or practice with respect to female virtue; intrigue.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Gallant persons, collectively.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Helenus, Antenor, and all the <b>gallantry</b> of Troy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Courage</er>, and <er>Heroism</er>.</syn>

<h1>Gallate</h1>
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<hw>Gal"late</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gallate</ets>. See <er>Gall</er> gallnut.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of gallic acid.</def>

<h1>Gallature</h1>
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<hw>Gal"la*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>gallus</ets> a cock.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The tread, treadle, or chalasa of an egg.</def>

<h1>Galleass</h1>
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<hw>Gal"le*ass</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gal</ets>\'82<ets>asse</ets>, <ets>gal\'82ace</ets>; cf. It. <ets>galeazza</ets>, Sp. <ets>galeaza</ets>; LL. <ets>galea</ets> a galley. See <er>Galley</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A large galley, having some features of the galleon, as broadside guns; esp., such a vessel used by the southern nations of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. See <er>Galleon</er>, and <er>Galley</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written variously <asp>galeas</asp>, <asp>gallias</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; "The <i>galleasses</i> . . . were a third larger than the ordinary galley, and rowed each by three hundred galley slaves. They consisted of an enormous towering structure at the stern, a castellated structure almost equally massive in front, with seats for the rowers amidships."</note>

<i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Gallegan, Gallego</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gal*le"gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gal*le"go</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>Gallego</ets>.]</ety> <def>A native or inhabitant of Galicia, in Spain; a Galician.</def>

<h1>Galle\'8bn</h1>
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<hw>Gal"le*\'8bn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pyro<ets>gallo</ets>l + phthal<ets>e\'8bn</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A red crystalline dyestuff, obtained by heating together pyrogallic and phthalic acids.</def>

<h1>Galleon</h1>
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<hw>Gal"le*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>galeon</ets>, cf. F. <ets>galion</ets>; fr. LL. <ets>galeo</ets>, <ets>galio</ets>. See <er>Galley</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A sailing vessel of the 15th and following centuries, often having three or four decks, and used for war or commerce. The term is often rather indiscriminately applied to any large sailing vessel.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>gallens</b> . . . were huge, round-stemmed, clumsy vessels, with bulwarks three or four feet thick, and built up at stem and stern, like castels.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Galleot</h1>
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<hw>Gal"le*ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Galiot</er>.</def>

<h1>Gallery</h1>
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<hw>Gal"ler*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl <plw>Galleries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>galerie</ets>, It. <ets>galleria</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>galeria</ets> gallery, perh. orig., a festal hall, banquetting hall; cf. OF. <ets>galerie</ets> a rejoicing, fr. <ets>galer</ets> to rejoice. Cf. <er>Gallant</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A long and narrow corridor, or place for walking; a connecting passageway, as between one room and another; also, a long hole or passage excavated by a boring or burrowing animal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A room for the exhibition of works of art; <as>as, a picture <ex>gallery</ex></as>; hence, also, a large or important collection of paintings, sculptures, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A long and narrow platform attached to one or more sides of public hall or the interior of a church, and supported by brackets or columns; -- sometimes intended to be occupied by musicians or spectators, sometimes designed merely to increase the capacity of the hall.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A frame, like a balcony, projecting from the stern or quarter of a ship, and hence called <i>stern galery</i> or <i>quarter gallry</i>, -- seldom found in vessels built since 1850.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>Any communication which is covered overhead as well as at the sides. When prepared for defense, it is a <i>defensive galery</i>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A working drift or level.</def>

<cs><col>Whispering gallery</col>. <cd>See under <er>Whispering</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Galletyle</h1>
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<hw>Gal"le*tyle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gallytile</ets>. Cf. <er>Gallipot</er>.]</ety> <def>A little tile of glazed earthenware. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The substance of <i>galletyle</i>."</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Galley</h1>
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<hw>Gal"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Galleys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>gale</ets>, <ets>galeie</ets> (cf. OF. <ets>galie</ets>, <ets>gal\'82e</ets>, LL. <ets>galea</ets>, LGr. <?/; of unknown origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel propelled by oars, whether having masts and sails or not</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A large vessel for war and national purposes; -- common in the Middle Ages, and down to the 17th century</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A name given by analogy to the Greek, Roman, and other ancient vessels propelled by oars</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A light, open boat used on the Thames by customhouse officers, press gangs, and also for pleasure</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>One of the small boats carried by a man-of-war.</def>

<note>&hand; The typical galley of the Mediterranean was from one hundred to two hundred feet long, often having twenty oars on each side. It had two or three masts rigged with lateen sails, carried guns at prow and stern, and a complement of one thousand to twelve hundred men, and was very efficient in mediaeval walfare. Galleons, galliots, galleasses, half galleys, and quarter galleys were all modifications of this type.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel; -- sometimes on merchant vessels called the <i>caboose</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oblong oven or muffle with a battery of retorts; a gallery furnace.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>gal\'82e</ets>; the same word as E. <ets>galley</ets> a vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An oblong tray of wood or brass, with upright sides, for holding type which has been set, or is to be made up, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A proof sheet taken from type while on a galley; a galley proof.</def>

<cs><col>Galley slave</col>, <cd>a person condemned, often as a punishment for crime, to work at the oar on board a galley. "To toil like a <i>galley slave<i>."</cd> <i>Macaulay.</i>-- <col>Galley slice</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a sliding false bottom to a large galley.</cd> <i>Knight.</i></cs>

<h1>Galley-bird</h1>
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<hw>Gal"ley-bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European green woodpecker; also, the spotted woodpecker.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Galley-worm</h1>
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<hw>Gal"ley-worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. so called because the numerous legs along the sides move rhythmically like the oars of a galley.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A chilognath myriapod of the genus <spn>Iulus</spn>, and allied genera, having numerous short legs along the sides; a milliped or "thousand legs." See <er>Chilognatha</er>.</def>

<h1>Gallfly</h1>
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<hw>Gall"fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gallflies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect that deposits its eggs in plants, and occasions galls, esp. any small hymenopteran of the genus <spn>Cynips</spn> and allied genera. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Gall</er>.</def>

<h1>Gallyambic</h1>
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<hw>Gal`ly*am"bic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>galliambus</ets> a song used by the priests of Cybele; <ets>Gallus</ets> (a name applied to these priests) + <ets>iambus</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Consisting of two iambic dimeters catalectic, the last of which lacks the final syllable; -- said of a kind of verse.</def>

<h1>Gallian</h1>
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<hw>Gal"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gallic</er>.]</ety> <def>Gallic; French.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Galliard</h1>
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<hw>Gal"liard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE., fr. F. <ets>gaillard</ets>, perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>galach</ets> valiant, or AS. <ets>gagol</ets>, <ets>geagl</ets>, wanton, lascivious.]</ety> <def>Gay; brisk; active.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Galliard</h1>
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<hw>Gal"liard</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A brisk, gay man.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Selden is a <b>galliard</b> by himself.
<i>Cleveland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Galliard</h1>
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<hw>Gal"liard</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gaillarde</ets>, cf. Sp. <ets>gallarda</ets>. See <er>Galliard</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A gay, lively dance. Cf. <er>Gailliarde</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Never a hall such a <b>galliard</b> did grace.
<i>Sir. W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Galliardise</h1>
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<hw>Gal`liard*ise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gaillardise</ets>. See <er>Galliard</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Excessive gayety; merriment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The mirth and <b>galliardise</b> of company.
<i>Sir. T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Galliardness</h1>
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<hw>Gal"liard*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Gayety.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gayton.</i>

<h1>Galliass</h1>
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<hw>Gal"li*ass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Galleass</er>.</def>

<h1>Gallic</h1>
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<hw>Gal"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Gallium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, gallium.</def>

<h1>Gallic</h1>
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<hw>Gal"lic</hw> <tt>(277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Gall</er> the excrescence.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, galls, nutgalls, and the like.</def>

<cs><col>Gallic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an organic acid, very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, being found in the free state in galls, tea, etc., and produced artificially. It is a white, crystalline substance, <chform>C6H2(HO)3.CO2H</chform>, with an astringent taste, and is a strong reducing agent, as employed in photography. It is usually prepared from tannin, and both give a dark color with iron salts, forming tannate and gallate of iron, which are the essential ingredients of common black ink.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gallic</h1>
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<hw>Gal"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Gallicus</ets> belonging to the Gauls, fr. <ets>Galli</ets> the Gauls, <ets>Gallia</ets> Gaul, now France: cf. F. <ets>gallique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallican.</def>

<h1>Gallican</h1>
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<hw>Gal"li*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Gallicanus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gallican</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallic; French; <as>as, the <ex>Gallican</ex> church or clergy</as>.</def>

<h1>Gallican</h1>
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<hw>Gal"li*can</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An adherent to, and supporter of, Gallicanism.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Gallicanism</h1>
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<hw>Gal"li*can*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles, tendencies, or action of those, within the Roman Catholic Church in France, who (esp. in 1682) sought to restrict the papal authority in that country and increase the power of the national church.</def>

<i>Schaff-Herzog Encyc.</i>

<h1>Gallicism</h1>
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<hw>Gal"li*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gallicisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mode of speech peculiar to the French; a French idiom; also, in general, a French mode or custom.</def>

<h1>Gallicize</h1>
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<hw>Gal"li*cize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gallicized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gallicizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To conform to the French mode or idiom.</def>

<h1>Gallied</h1>
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<hw>Gal"lied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Worried; flurried; frightened.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Galliform</h1>
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<hw>Gal"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like the Gallinae (or <spn>Galliformes</spn>) in structure.</def>

<h1>Galligaskins</h1>
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<hw>Gal`li*gas"kins</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Prob. corrupted fr. It. <ets>Grechesco</ets> Grecian, a name which seems to have been given in Venice, and to have been afterwards confused with <ets>Gascony</ets>, as if they came from Gascony.]</ety> <def>Loose hose or breeches; leather leg quards. The word is used loosely and often in a jocose sense.</def>

<h1>Gallimatia</h1>
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<hw>Gal`li*ma"ti*a</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Senseless talk. <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark> See <er>Galimatias</er>.</def>

<h1>Gallimaufry</h1>
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<hw>Gal`li*mau"fry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gallimaufries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>galimafr\'82e</ets> a sort of ragout or mixed hash of different meats.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hash of various kinds of meats, a ragout.</def>

<blockquote>Delighting in hodge-podge, <b>gallimaufries</b>, forced meat.
<i>King.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any absurd medley; a hotchpotch.</def>

<blockquote>The Mahometan religion, which, being a <b>gallimaufry</b> made up of many, partakes much of the Jewish.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gallin</h1>
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<hw>Gal"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance obtained by the reduction of galle\'8bn.</def>

<h1>Gallinaceae</h1>
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<hw>Gal"li*nace*ae</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Gallinaceous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Gallinae</er>.</def>

<h1>Gallinacean</h1>
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<hw>Gal`li*na"cean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Gallinae or gallinaceous birds.</def>

<h1>Gallinaceous</h1>
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<hw>Gal`li*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>gallinaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>gallina</ets> hen, fr. <ets>gallus</ets> cock.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling the domestic fowls and pheasants; of or pertaining to the Gallinae.</def>

<h1>Gallinae</h1>
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<hw>Gal*li"nae</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl</plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>gallina</ets> a hen, <ets>gallus</ets> a cock.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of birds, including the common domestic fowls, pheasants, grouse, quails, and allied forms; -- sometimes called <spn>Rasores</spn>.</def>

<h1>Galling</h1>
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<hw>Gall"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fitted to gall or chafe; vexing; harassing; irritating.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Gall"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Gallinipper</h1>
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<hw>Gal"li*nip`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A large mosquito.</def>

<h1>Gallinule</h1>
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<hw>Gal"li*nule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gallinula</ets> chicken, dim. of <ets>gallina</ets> hen: cf. F. <ets>gallinule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several wading birds, having long, webless toes, and a frontal shield, belonging to the family <spn>Rallidae</spn>. They are remarkable for running rapidly over marshes and on floating plants. The purple gallinule of America is <spn>Ionornis Martinica</spn>, that of the Old World is <spn>Porphyrio porphyrio</spn>. The common European gallinule (<spn>Gallinula chloropus</spn>) is also called <altname>moor hen</altname>, <altname>water hen</altname>, <altname>water rail</altname>, <altname>moor coot</altname>, <altname>night bird</altname>, and erroneously <altname>dabchick</altname>. Closely related to it is the Florida gallinule (<spn>Gallinula galeata</spn>).</def>

<note>&hand; The purple gallinule of Southern Europe and Asia was formerly believed to be able to detect and report adultery, and for that reason, chiefly, it was commonly domesticated by the ancients.</note>

<h1>Galliot</h1>
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<hw>Gal"li*ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Galiot</er>.</def>

<h1>Gallipoli oil</h1>
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<hw>Gal*lip"o*li oil`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>An inferior kind of olive oil, brought from Gallipoli, in Italy.</def>

<h1>Gallipot</h1>
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<hw>Gal"li*pot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. OD. <ets>gleypot</ets>, the first part of which is possibly akin to E. <ets>glad</ets>. See <er>Glad</er>, and <er>Pot</er>.]</ety> <def>A glazed earthen pot or vessel, used by druggists and apothecaries for containing medicines, etc.</def>

<h1>Gallium</h1>
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<hw>Gal"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>Gallia</ets> France.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare metallic element, found in certain zinc ores. It is white, hard, and malleable, resembling aluminium, and remarcable for its low melting point (86<?/ F., 30<?/C). Symbol Ga. Atomic weight 69.9.</def>

<note>&hand; The element was predicted with most of its properties, under the name <i>ekaluminium</i>, by the Russian chemist Mendelejeff, on the basis of the Periodic law. This prediction was verified in its discovery by the French chemist Lecoq de Boisbaudran by its characteristic spectrum (two violet lines), in an examination of a zinc blende from the Pyrenees.</note>

<h1>Gallivant</h1>
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<hw>Gal"li*vant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Gallant</er>.]</ety> <def>To play the beau; to wait upon the ladies; also, to roam about for pleasure without any definite plan.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Gallivat</h1>
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<hw>Gal"li*vat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[Prob. fr. Pg. <ets>galeota</ets>; cf. E. <ets>galiot</ets>, <ets>galley</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small armed vessel, with sails and oars, -- used on the Malabar coast.</def>

<i>A. Chalmers.</i>

<h1>Galliwasp</h1>
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<hw>Gal"li*wasp`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A West Indian lizard (<spn>Celestus occiduus</spn>), about a foot long, imagined by the natives to be venomous.</def>

<h1>Gallnut</h1>
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<hw>Gall"nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A round gall produced on the leaves and shoots of various species of the oak tree. See <er>Gall</er>, and <er>Nutgall</er>.</def>

<h1>Gallomania</h1>
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<hw>Gal`lo*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Galli</ets> Gauls + <ets>mania</ets> madness.]</ety> <def>An excessive admiration of what is French.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Gal`lo*ma"ni*ac</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Gallon</h1>
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<hw>Gal"lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF <ets>galon</ets>, <ets>jalon</ets>, LL. <ets>galo</ets>, <ets>galona</ets>, fr. <ets>galum</ets> a liquid measure; cf. F. <ets>jale</ets> large bowl. Cf. <er>Gill</er> a measure.]</ety> <def>A measure of capacity, containing four quarts; -- used, for the most part, in liquid measure, but sometimes in dry measure.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>standart gallon</i> of the Unites States contains 231 cubic inches, or 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at its maximum density, and with the barometer at 30 inches. This is almost exactly equivalent to a cylinder of seven inches in diameter and six inches in height, and is the same as the old English <i>wine gallon</i>. The <i>beer gallon</i>, now little used in the United States, contains 282 cubic inches. The English <i>imperial gallon</i> contains 10 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at 62<?/ of Fahrenheit, and barometer at 30 inches, equal to 277.274 cubic inches.</note>

<h1>Galloon</h1>
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<hw>Gal*loon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From F. or Sp. <ets>galon</ets>. See <er>Gala</er>. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A narrow tapelike fabric used for binding hats, shoes, etc., -- sometimes made ornamental.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A similar bordering or binding of rich material, such as gold lace.</def>

<blockquote>Silver and gold <b>galloons</b>, with the like glittering gewgaws.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gallooned</h1>
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<hw>Gal*looned`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished or adorned with galloon.</def>

<h1>Gallop</h1>
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<hw>Gal"lop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Galloped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Galloping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>galopen</ets>, F. <ets>galoper</ets>, of German origin; cf. assumed Goth. <ets>ga-hlaupan</ets> to run, OHG. <ets>giloufen</ets>, AS. <ets>gehle\'a0pan</ets> to leap, dance, fr. root of E. <ets>leap</ets>, and a prefix; or cf. OFlem. <ets>walop</ets> a gallop. See <er>Leap</er>, and cf. 1st <er>Wallop</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move or run in the mode called a gallop; as a horse; to go at a gallop; to run or move with speed.</def>

<blockquote>But <b>gallop</b> lively down the western hill.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="610">
Page 610<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To ride a horse at a gallop.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: To go rapidly or carelessly, as in making a hasty examination.</def>

<blockquote>Such superficial ideas he may collect in <b>galloping</b> over it.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gallop</h1>
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<hw>Gal"lop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to gallop.</def>

<h1>Gallop</h1>
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<hw>Gal"lop</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>galop</ets>. See <er>Gallop</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and cf. <er>Galop</er>.]</ety> <def>A mode of running by a quadruped, particularly by a horse, by lifting alternately the fore feet and the hind feet, in successive leaps or bounds.</def>

<cs><col>Hand gallop</col>, <cd>a slow or gentle gallop.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gallopade</h1>
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<hw>Gal"lo*pade`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>galopade</ets>. See <er>Gallop</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>I horsemanship, a sidelong or curveting kind of gallop.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of dance; also, music to the dance; a galop.</def>

<h1>Gallopade</h1>
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<hw>Gal`lo*pade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gallopaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gallopading</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To gallop, as on horseback.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To perform the dance called gallopade.</def>

<h1>Galloper</h1>
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<hw>Gal"lop*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, gallops.</def>

<p><b>2.<p><b>  <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A carriage on which very small guns were formerly mounted, the gun resting on the shafts, without a limber.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<cs><col>Galloper gun</col>, <cd>a light gun, supported on a galloper, -- formerly attached to British infantry regiments.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gallopin</h1>
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<hw>Gal"lo*pin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[F. <ets>galopin</ets>. See <er>Gallop</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>An under servant for the kitchen; a scullion; a cook's errand boy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Galloping</h1>
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<hw>Gal"lop*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Going at a gallop; progressing rapidly; <as>as, a <ex>galloping</ex> horse</as>.</def>

<h1>Gallotannic</h1>
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<hw>Gal`lo*tan"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gall</ets> nutgall + <ets>tannic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the tannin or nutgalls.</def>

<cs><col>Gallotannic acid</col>. <cd>See <cref>Tannic acid</cref>, under <er>Tannic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gallow</h1>
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<hw>Gal"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>\'begelwan</ets> to stupefy.]</ety> <def>To fright or terrify. See <er>Gally</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Galloway</h1>
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<hw>Gal"lo*way</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small horse of a breed raised at <i>Galloway</i>, Scotland; -- called also <altname>garran</altname>, and <altname>garron</altname>.</def>

<h1>Gallowglass</h1>
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<hw>Gal"low*glass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. <ets>galloglach</ets>. Cf. <er>Gillie</er>.]</ety> <def>A heavy-armed foot soldier from Ireland and the Western Isles in the time of Edward <?/</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gallows</h1>
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<hw>Gal"lows</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gallowses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> &or; <plw>Gallows</plw></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>galwes</ets>, pl., AS. <ets>galga</ets>, <ets>gealga</ets>, gallows, cross; akin to D. <ets>galg</ets> gallows, OS. & OHG. <ets>galgo</ets>, G. <ets>galgen</ets>, Icel. <ets>g\'belgi</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>galge</ets>, Goth. <ets>galga</ets> a cross. Etymologically and historically considered, <ets>gallows</ets> is a noun in the plural number, but it is used as a singular, and hence is preceded by <ets>a</ets>; <as>as, <ex>a gallows</ex></as>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A frame from which is suspended the rope with which criminals are executed by hanging, usually consisting of two upright posts and a crossbeam on the top; also, a like frame for suspending anything.</def>

<blockquote>So they hanged Haman on the <b>gallows</b>.
<i>Esther vii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If I hang, I'll make a fat pair of <b>gallows</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O, there were desolation of gaolers and <b>gallowses<?/</b>
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wretch who deserves the gallows.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The rest for the tympan when raised.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A pair of suspenders or braces.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Gallows bird</col>, <cd>a person who deserves the gallows.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Gallows bitts</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>one of two or more frames amidships on deck for supporting spare spars; -- called also <altname>gallows</altname>, <altname>gallows top</altname>, <altname>gallows frame</altname>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Gallows frame</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The frame supporting the beam of an engine.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>Gallows bitts.</cd> -- <col>Gallows</col>, &or; <col>Gallow tree</col>, <cd>the gallows.</cd></cs>

<blockquote> At length him nail\'82d on a <b>gallow tree</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gallstone</h1>
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<hw>Gall"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A concretion, or calculus, formed in the gall bladder or biliary passages. See <er>Calculus</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</def>

<h1>Gally</h1>
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<hw>Gal"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gallow</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To frighten; to worry.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>T. Brown.</i>

<h1>Gally</h1>
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<hw>Gall"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like gall; bitter as gall.</def>

<i>Cranmer.</i>

<h1>Gally</h1>
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<hw>Gal"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Galley</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<h1>Gallygaskins</h1>
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<hw>Gal`ly*gas"kins</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Galligaskins</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Galoche, Galoshe</h1>
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<hw>Ga*loche"</hw>, <hw>Ga*loshe"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <ety>[OE. <ets>galoche</ets>, <ets>galache</ets>, <ets>galage</ets>, shoe, F. <ets>galoche</ets> galoche, perh. altered fr. L. <ets>gallica</ets> a Gallic shoe, or fr. LL. <ets>calopedia</ets> wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole, Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/, <?/, a shoemaker's last; <?/ wood + <?/ foot.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A clog or patten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Nor were worthy [to] unbuckle his <b>galoche</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: An overshoe worn in wet weather.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A gaiter, or legging, covering the upper part of the shoe and part of the leg.</def>

<h1>Galoot</h1>
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<hw>Ga*loot"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A noisy, swaggering, or worthless fellow; a rowdy.</def> <mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Galop</h1>
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<hw>Gal"op</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A kind of lively dance, in 2-4 time; also, the music to the dance.</def>

<h1>Galore</h1>
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<hw>Ga*lore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>gelore</ets>, <ets>gilore</ets>, <ets>galore</ets>, fr. <ets>Gael</ets>. <ets>gu le\'95r</ets>, enough; <ets>gu-</ets> to, also an adverbial prefix + <ets>le\'95r</ets>, <ets>le\'95ir</ets>, enough; or fr. Ir. <ets>goleor</ets>, the same word.]</ety> <def>Plenty; abundance; in abundance.</def>

<h1>Galoshe</h1>
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<hw>Ga*loshe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Galoche</er>.</def>

<h1>Galpe</h1>
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<hw>Galpe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To gape,; to yawn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Galsome</h1>
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<hw>Gal"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gall</ets> bitterness + <ets>some</ets>.]</ety> <def>Angry; malignant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Morton.</i>

<h1>Galt</h1>
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<hw>Galt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gault</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Gault</er>.</def>

<h1>Galvanic</h1>
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<hw>Gal*van"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Galvani</ets>, a professor of physiology at Bologna, on account of his connection (about 1780) with the discovery of dynamical or current electricity: cf. F. <ets>galvanique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to, or exhibiting the phenomena of, galvanism; employing or producing electrical currents.</def>

<cs><col>Galvanic battery</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>an apparatus for generating electrical currents by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; -- now usually called <altname>voltaic battery</altname>. See <er>Battery</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Galvanic</col> <col>circuit &or; circle</col></mcol>. <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Circuit</er>.</cd> -- <col>Galvanic pile</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>the voltaic pile. See under <er>Voltaic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Galvanism</h1>
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<hw>Gal"va*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Galvani</ets>: cf. F. <ets>galvanisme</ets>. See <er>Galvani</er>c.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Electricity excited by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; dynamical electricity.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The branch of physical science which treats of dynamical elecricity, or the properties and effects of electrical currents.</def>

<note>&hand; The words <i>galvanism</i> and <i>galvanic</i>, formerly in very general use, are now rarely employed. For the latter, <i>voltaic</i>, from the name of <i>Volta</i>, is commonly used.</note>

<h1>Galvanist</h1>
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<hw>Gal"va*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in galvanism.</def>

<h1>Galvanization</h1>
<Xpage=610>

<hw>Gal"va*niza`tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of process of galvanizing.</def>

<h1>Galvanize</h1>
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<hw>Gal"va*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Galvanized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Galvanizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>galvaniser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To affect with galvanism; to subject to the action of electrical currents.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To plate, as with gold, silver, etc., by means of electricity.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To restore to consciousness by galvanic action (as from a state of suspended animation); hence, to stimulate or excite to a factitious animation or activity.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To coat, as iron, with zinc. See <cref>Galvanized iron</cref>.</def>

<cs><col>Galvanized iron</col>, <cd>formerly, iron coated with zink by electrical deposition; now more commonly, iron coated with zink by plunging into a bath of melted zink, after its surface has been cleaned by friction with the aid of dilute acid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Galvanizer</h1>
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<hw>Gal"va*ni`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, galvanize.</def>

<h1>Galvanocaustic</h1>
<Xpage=610>

<hw>Gal*van`o*caus"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Galvanic</ets> + <ets>caustic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to the use of galvanic heat as a caustic, especially in medicine.</def>

<h1>Galvanocautery</h1>
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<hw>Gal*van`o*cau"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Cautery effected by a knife or needle heated by the passage of a galvanic current.</def>

<h1>Galvanoglyphy</h1>
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<hw>Gal`va*nog"ly*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Galvanic</ets> + Gr. <?/ to engrave.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Glyphography</er>.</def>

<h1>Galvanograph</h1>
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<hw>Gal*van"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Galvanic</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Engraving)</fld> <def>A copperplate produced by the method of galvanography; also, a picture printed from such a plate.</def>

<h1>Galvanographic</h1>
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<hw>Gal*van`o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to galvanography.</def>

<h1>Galvanography</h1>
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<hw>Gal`va*nog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Galvanic</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or process of depositing metals by electricity; electrotypy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A method of producing by means of electrotyping process (without etching) copperplates which can be printed from in the same manner as engraved plates.</def>

<h1>Galvanologist</h1>
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<hw>Gal`va*nol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who describes the phenomena of galvanism; a writer on galvanism.</def>

<h1>Galvanology</h1>
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<hw>Gal`va*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Galvanic</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on galvanism, or a description of its phenomena.</def>

<h1>Galvanometer</h1>
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<hw>Gal`va*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Galvanic</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>galvanom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>An instrument or apparatus for measuring the intensity of an electric current, usually by the deflection of a magnetic needle.</def>

<cs><col>Differential galvanometer</col>. <cd>See under <er>Differental</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <mcol><col>Sine galvanometer</col>, <col>Cosine galvanometer</col>, <col>Tangent galvanometer</col></mcol> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a galvanometer in which the sine, cosine, or tangent respectively, of the angle through which the needle is deflected, is proportional to the strength of the current passed through the instrument.</cd></cs>

<h1>Galvanometric</h1>
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<hw>Gal*van`o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or measured by, a galvanometer.</def>

<h1>Galvanometry</h1>
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<hw>Gal`va*nom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or process of measuring the force of electric currents.</def>

<h1>Galvanoplastic</h1>
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<hw>Gal*van`o*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Galvanic</ets> + <ets>-plastic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the art or process of electrotyping; employing, or produced by, the process of electolytic deposition; <as>as, a <ex>galvano-plastic</ex> copy of a medal or the like</as>.</def>

<h1>Galvanoplasty</h1>
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<hw>Gal*van"o*plas`ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>galanoplastie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or process of electrotypy.</def>

<h1>Galvanopuncture</h1>
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<hw>Gal*van`o*punc"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Electro-puncture</er>.</def>

<h1>Galvanoscope</h1>
<Xpage=610>

<hw>Gal*van`o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Galvanic</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>: cf. F. <ets>galvanoscope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>An instrument or apparatus for detecting the presence of electrical currents, especially such as are of feeble intensity.</def>

<h1>Galvanoscopic</h1>
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<hw>Gal*van`o*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a galvanoscope.</def>

<h1>Galvanoscopy</h1>
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<hw>Gal`va*nos"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The use of galvanism in physiological experiments.</def>

<h1>Galvanotonus</h1>
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<hw>Gal`va*not"o*nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>galvanic</ets> + GR. <?/ to tone.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Electrotonus</er>.</def>

<h1>Galvanotropism</h1>
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<hw>Gal`va*not"ro*pism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Galvanic</ets> + Gr. <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The tendency of a root to place its axis in the line of a galvanic current.</def>

<h1>Galwes</h1>
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<hw>Gal"wes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Gallows.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gama grass</h1>
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<hw>Ga"ma grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From <ets>Gama</ets>, a cluster of the Maldive Islands.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of grass (<spn>Tripsacum dactyloides</spn>) tall, stout, and exceedingly productive; cultivated in the West Indies, Mexico, and the Southern States of North America as a forage grass; -- called also <altname>sesame grass</altname>.</def>

<h1>Gamashes</h1>
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<hw>Ga*mash"es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gamaches</ets>.]</ety> <def>High boots or buskins; in Scotland, short spatterdashes or riding trousers, worn over the other clothing.</def>

<h1>Gamba</h1>
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<hw>Gam"ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A viola da gamba.</def>

<h1>Gambadoes</h1>
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<hw>Gam*ba"does</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[I. or Sp. <ets>gamba</ets> leg. See <er>Gambol</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Gamashes</er>.</def>

<blockquote>His thin legs tenanted a pair of <b>gambadoes</b> fastened at the side with rusty clasps.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gambeson</h1>
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<hw>Gam"be*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Gambison</er>.</def>

<h1>Gambet</h1>
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<hw>Gam"bet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Fr. <ets>gambette</ets>, or It. <ets>gambetta</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the genuis <i>Totanus</i>. See <er>Tattler</er>.</def>

<h1>Gambier</h1>
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<hw>Gam"bier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malayan.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The inspissated juice of a plant (<spn>Uncaria Gambir</spn>) growing in Malacca. It is a powerful astringent, and, under the name of <spn>Terra Japonica</spn>, is used for chewing with the Areca nut, and is exported for tanning and dyeing.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Catechu.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gambeer</asp> and <asp>gambir</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Gambison</h1>
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<hw>Gam"bi*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>gambeson</ets>, <ets>gambaison</ets>, fr. <ets>gambais</ets>, <ets>wambais</ets>, of German origin: cf. MHG. <ets>wambeis</ets>, G. <ets>wams</ets> doublet, fr. OHG. w<ets>amba</ets>, stomach. See <er>Womb</er>.]</ety> <def>A defensive garment formerly in use for the body, made of cloth stuffed and quilted.</def>

<h1>Gambist</h1>
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<hw>Gam"bist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>gamba</ets> leg.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A performer upon the <i>viola di gamba</i>. See under <er>Viola</er>.</def>

<h1>Gambit</h1>
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<hw>Gam"bit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gambit</ets>, cf. It. <ets>gambitto</ets> gambit, a tripping up. See <er>Gambol</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Chess Playing)</fld> <def>A mode of opening the game, in which a pawn is sacrificed to gain an attacking position.</def>
<-- Hence, Fig. any stratagem; in conversation, a remark, often prepared in advance, calculated to provoke discussion, amuse, or make a point = a conversational gambit -->

<h1>Gamble</h1>
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<hw>Gam"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gambled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gambling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>game</ets>. See 2d <er>Game</er>.]</ety> <def>To play or game for money or other stake.</def>

<h1>Gamble</h1>
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<hw>Gamble</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lose or squander by gaming; -- usually with <i>away</i>.</def> "Bankrupts or sots who have <i>gambled</i> or slept away their estates."

<i>Ames.</i>

<h1>Gambler</h1>
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<hw>Gam"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gambles.</def>

<h1>Gamboge</h1>
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<hw>Gam*boge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A concrete juice, or gum resin, produced by several species of trees in Siam, Ceylon, and Malabar. It is brought in masses, or cylindrical rolls, from <i>Cambodia</i>, or <i>Cambogia</i>, -- whence its name. The best kind is of a dense, compact texture, and of a beatiful reddish yellow. Taking internally, it is a strong and harsh cathartic ad emetic.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>camboge</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; There are several kinds of gamboge, but all are derived from species of <spn>Garcinia</spn>, a genus of trees of the order <spn>Guttifer\'91</spn>. The best Siam gamboge is thought to come from <spn>Garcinia Hanburii</spn>. Ceylon gamboge is from <spn>G. Morella</spn>. <spn>G. pictoria</spn>, of Western India, yields gamboge, and also a kind of oil called <i>gamboge butter</i>.</note>

<h1>Gambogian, Gambogic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gam*bo"gi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gambogic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, gamboge.</def>

<h1>Gambol</h1>
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<hw>Gam"bol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gambolde</ets>, <ets>gambaulde</ets>, F. <ets>gambade</ets>, gambol, fr. It. <ets>gambata</ets> kick, fr. L. <ets>gamba</ets> leg, akin to F. <ets>jambe</ets>, OF. also, <ets>gambe</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gamba</ets>, hoof or perh. joint: cf. Gr. <?/ a binding, winding, W., Ir. & Gael. <ets>cam</ets> crooked; perh. akin to E. <ets>chamber</ets>: cf.F. <ets>gambiller</ets> to kick about. Cf. <er>Jamb</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Gammon</er> ham, <er>Gambadoes</er>.]</ety> <def>A skipping or leaping about in frolic; a hop; a sportive prank.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Gambol</h1>
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<hw>Gam"bol</hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gamboled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, or <er>Gambolled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gamboling</er> or <er>Gambolling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To dance and skip about in sport; to frisk; to skip; to play in frolic, like boys or lambs.</def>

<h1>Gambrel</h1>
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<hw>Gam"brel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>gambe</ets>, <ets>jambe</ets> leg, F. <ets>jambe</ets>. Cf. <er>Cambrel</er>, <er>Chambrel</er>, and see <er>Gambol</er>. <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The hind leg of a horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stick crooked like a horse's hind leg; -- used by butchers in suspending slaughtered animals.</def>

<cs><col>Gambrel roof</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a curb roof having the same section in all parts, with a lower steeper slope and an upper and flatter one, so that each gable is pentagonal in form.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gambrel</h1>
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<hw>Gam"brel</hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To truss or hang up by means of a gambrel.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Gambroon</h1>
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<hw>Gam*broon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of twilled linen cloth for lining.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Game</h1>
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<hw>Game</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>cam</ets> crooked, and E. <ets>gambol</ets>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Crooked; lame; <as>as, a <ex>game</ex> leg</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Game</h1>
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<hw>Game</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>game</ets>, <ets>gamen</ets>, AS. <ets>gamen</ets>, <ets>gomen</ets>, play, sport; akin to OS., OHG., & Icel. <ets>gaman</ets>, Dan. <ets>gammen</ets> mirth, merriment, OSw. <ets>gamman</ets> joy. Cf. <er>Gammon</er> a game, <er>Backgammon</er>, <er>Gamble</er> <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sport of any kind; jest, frolic.</def>

<blockquote>We have had pastimes here, and pleasant <b>game</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A contest, physical or mental, according to certain rules, for amusement, recreation, or for winning a stake; <as>as, a <ex>game</ex> of chance; <ex>games</ex> of skill; field <ex>games</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>But war's a <b>game</b>, which, were their subject wise,
Kings would not play at.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Among the ancients, especially the Greeks and Romans, there were regularly recurring public exhibitions of strength, agility, and skill under the patronage of the government, usually accompanied with religious ceremonies. Such were the Olympic, the Pythian, the Nemean, and the Isthmian <i>games</i>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The use or practice of such a game; a single match at play; a single contest; <as>as, a <ex>game</ex> at cards</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Talk the <b>game</b> o'er between the deal.
<i>Lloyd.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is gained, as the stake in a game; also, the number of points necessary to be scored in order to win a game; <as>as, in short whist five points are <ex>game</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>In some games, a point credited on the score to the player whose cards counts up the highest.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A scheme or art employed in the pursuit of an object or purpose; method of procedure; projected line of operations; plan; project.</def>

<blockquote>Your murderous <b>game</b> is nearly up.
<i>Blackw. Mag.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It was obviously Lord Macaulay's <b>game</b> to blacken the greatest literary champion of the cause he had set himself to attack.
<i>Saintsbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Animals pursued and taken by sportsmen; wild meats designed for, or served at, table.</def>

<blockquote>Those species of animals . . . distinguished from the rest by the well-known appellation of <b>game</b>.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Confidence game</col>. <cd>See under <er>Confidence</er>.</cd> -- <col>To make game of</col>, <cd>to make sport of; to mock.</cd></cs>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Game</h1>
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<hw>Game</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a resolute, unyielding spirit, like the gamecock; ready to fight to the last; plucky.</def>

<blockquote>I was <b>game</b> . . . .I felt that I could have fought even to the death.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to such animals as are hunted for game, or to the act or practice of hunting.</def>

<cs><col>Game bag</col>, <cd>a sportsman's bag for carrying small game captured; also, the whole quantity of game taken.</cd> -- <col>Game bird</col>, <cd>any bird commonly shot for food, esp. grouse, partridges, quails, pheasants, wild turkeys, and the shore or wading birds, such as plovers, snipe, woodcock, curlew, and sandpipers. The term is sometimes arbitrarily restricted to birds hunted by sportsmen, with dogs and guns.</cd> -- <col>Game egg</col>, <cd>an egg producing a gamecock.</cd> -- <col>Game laws</col>, <cd>laws regulating the seasons and manner of taking game for food or for sport.</cd> -- <col>Game preserver</col>, <cd>a land owner who regulates the killing of game on his estate with a view to its increase.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>To be game</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To show a brave, unyielding spirit.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be victor in a game.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To die game</col>, <cd>to maintain a bold, unyielding spirit to the last; to die fighting.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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Page 611<p>

<h1>Game</h1>
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<hw>Game</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gamed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gaming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gamen</ets>, <ets>game<?/en</ets>, to rejoice, AS. <ets>gamenian</ets> to play. See <er>Game</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rejoice; to be pleased; -- often used, in Old English, impersonally with dative.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>God loved he best with all his whole hearte
At alle times, though him <b>gamed</b> or smarte.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To play at any sport or diversion.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To play for a stake or prize; to use cards, dice, billiards, or other instruments, according to certain rules, with a view to win money or other thing waged upon the issue of the contest; to gamble.</def>
<-- sic!? -->

<h1>Gamecock</h1>
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<hw>Game"cock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The male game fowl.</def>

<h1>Game fowl</h1>
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<hw>Game" fowl`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A handsome breed of the common fowl, remarkable for the great courage and pugnacity of the males.</def>

<h1>Gameful</h1>
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<hw>Game"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of game or games.</def>

<h1>Gamekeeper</h1>
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<hw>Game"keep`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who has the care of game, especially in a park or preserve.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Gameless</h1>
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<hw>Game"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of game.</def>

<h1>Gamely</h1>
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<hw>Game"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a plucky manner; spiritedly.</def>

<h1>Gameness</h1>
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<hw>Game"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Endurance; pluck.</def>

<h1>Gamesome</h1>
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<hw>Game"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gay; sportive; playful; frolicsome; merry.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Gladness of the <b>gamesome</b> crowd.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Game"some*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Game"some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Gamester</h1>
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<hw>Game"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Game</ets> + <ets>-ster</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A merry, frolicsome person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person who plays at games; esp., one accustomed to play for a stake; a gambler; one skilled in games.</def>

<blockquote>When lenity and cruelty play for a kingdom, the gentlest <b>gamester</b> is the soonest winner.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A prostitute; a strumpet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gamic</h1>
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<hw>Gam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resulting from, sexual connection; formed by the union of the male and female elements.</def>

<h1>Gamin</h1>
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<hw>Gam"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A neglected and untrained city boy; a young street Arab.</def>

<blockquote>In Japan, the <b>gamins</b> run after you, and say, 'Look at the Chinaman.'
<i>L. Oliphant.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gaming</h1>
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<hw>Gam"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or practice of playing games for stakes or wagers; gambling.</def>

<h1>Gamma</h1>
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<hw>Gam"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The third letter (<?/, <?/ = Eng. <i>G</i>) of the Greek alphabet.</def>

<h1>Gammadion</h1>
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<hw>Gam*ma"di*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cross formed of four capital gammas, formerly used as a mysterious ornament on ecclesiastical vestments, etc. See <er>Fylfot</er>.</def>

<h1>Gammer</h1>
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<hw>Gam"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Possibly contr. fr. <ets>godmother</ets>; but prob. fr. <ets>grammer</ets> for <ets>grandmother</ets>. Cf. <er>Gaffer</er>.]</ety> <def>An old wife; an old woman; -- correlative of <i>gaffer</i>, an old man.</def>

<h1>Gammon</h1>
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<hw>Gam"mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>gambon</ets>, F. <ets>jambon</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>gambe</ets> leg, F. <ets>jambe</ets>. See <er>Gambol</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Ham</er>.]</ety> <def>The buttock or tight of a hog, salted and smoked or dried; the lower end of a flitch.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Gammon</h1>
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<hw>Gam"mon</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gameed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gameing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make bacon of; to salt and dry in smoke.</def>

<h1>Gammon</h1>
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<hw>Gam"mon</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Game</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Backgammon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An imposition or hoax; humbug.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Gammon</h1>
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<hw>Gam"mon</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat in the game of backgammon, before an antagonist has been able to get his "men" or counters home and withdraw any of them from the board; <as>as, to <ex>gammon</ex> a person</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To impose on; to hoax; to cajole.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Hood.</i>

<h1>Gammon</h1>
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<hw>Gam"mon</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. unknown.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To fasten (a bowsprit) to the stem of a vessel by lashings of rope or chain, or by a band of iron.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Gammoning</h1>
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<hw>Gam"mon*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From 5th <er>Gammon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The lashing or iron band by which the bowsprit of a vessel is secured to the stem to opposite the lifting action of the forestays.</def>

<cs><col>Gammoning fashion</col>, <cd>in the style of gammoning lashing, that is, having the turns of rope crossed.</cd> -- <col>Gammoning hole</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a hole cut through the knee of the head of a vessel for the purpose of gammoning the bowsprit.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gammoning</h1>
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<hw>Gam"mon*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From 4th <er>Gammon</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of imposing upon or hoaxing a person.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Gamogenesis</h1>
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<hw>Gam`o*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ marriage + E. <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The production of offspring by the union of parents of different sexes; sexual reproduction; -- the opposite of <i>agamogenesis</i>.</def>

<h1>Gamogenetic</h1>
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<hw>Gam`o*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to gamogenesis.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Gam`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Gamomorphism</h1>
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<hw>Gam`o*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ marriage + <?/ form, shape.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That stage of growth or development in an organism, in which the reproductive elements are generated and matured in preparation for propagating the species.</def>

<h1>Gamopetalous</h1>
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<hw>Gam`o*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ marriage + E. <ets>petalous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gamop\'82tale</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the petals united or joined so as to form a tube or cup; monopetalous.</def>

<h1>Gamophyllous</h1>
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<hw>Ga*moph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ marriage + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Composed of leaves united by their edges (coalescent).</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Gamosepalous</h1>
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<hw>Gam`o*sep"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ marriage + E. <ets>sepal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Formed of united sepals; monosepalous.</def>

<h1>Gamut</h1>
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<hw>Gam"ut</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gamme + ut</ets> the name of a musical note. F. <ets>gamme</ets> is fr. the name of the Greek letter <?/, which was used by Guido d'Arezzo to represent the first note of his model scale. See <er>Gamma</er>, and <er>Ut</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The scale.</def>

<h1>Gamy</h1>
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<hw>Gam"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Having the flavor of game, esp. of game kept uncooked till near the condition of tainting; high-flavored.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Sporting)</fld> <def>Showing an unyielding spirit to the last; plucky; furnishing sport; <as>as, a <ex>gamy</ex> trout</as>.</def>

<-- NOTE irregular format for pos ### -->
<h1>Gan</h1>
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<hw>Gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. &of; <er>Gin</er></tt>. <ety>[See <er>Gin</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>Began; commenced.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Gan</i> was formerly used with the infinitive to form compound imperfects, as <i>did</i> is now employed. <i>Gan</i> regularly denotes the singular; the plural is usually denoted by <i>gunne</i> or <i>gonne</i>.</note>

<blockquote>This man <b>gan fall</b> (<it>i.e.</it>, fell) in great suspicion.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The little coines to their play <b>gunne hie</b> (<it>i.e.</it>, hied).
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<note>Later writers use <i>gan</i> both for singular and plural.

<blockquote>Yet at her speech their rages <b>gan</b> relent.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote></note>

<h1>Ganch</h1>
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<hw>Ganch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ganche</ets>, <tt>n.</tt>, also Sp. & Pg. <ets>gancho</ets> hook, It. <ets>gancio</ets>.]</ety> <def>To drop from a high place upon sharp stakes or hooks, as the Turks dropped malefactors, by way of punishment.</def>

<blockquote><b>Ganching</b>, which is to let fall from on high upon hooks, and there to hang until they die.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gander</h1>
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<hw>Gan"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gandra</ets>, <ets>ganra</ets>, akin to Prov. G. <ets>gander</ets>, <ets>ganter</ets>, and E. <ets>goose</ets>, <ets>gannet</ets>. See <er>Goose</er>.]</ety> <def>The male of any species of goose.</def>

<h1>Gane</h1>
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<hw>Gane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Yawn</er>.]</ety> <def>To yawn; to gape.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ganesa</h1>
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<hw>Ga*ne"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Hind. Myth.)</fld> <def>The Hindoo god of wisdom or prudence.</def>

<note>&hand; He is represented as a short, fat, red-colored man, with a large belly and the head of an elephant.</note>

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Gang</h1>
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<hw>Gang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gangan</ets>, akin to OS. & OHG. <ets>gangan</ets>, Icel. <ets>ganga</ets>, Goth. <ets>gaggan</ets>; cf. Lith. <ets><?/engti</ets> to walk, Skr. <ets>ja<?/gha</ets> leg. &root;48. CF. <er>Go</er>.]</ety> <def>To go; to walk.</def>

<note>&hand; Obsolete in English literature, but still used in the North of England, and also in Scotland.</note>

<h1>Gang</h1>
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<hw>Gang</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>gangr</ets> a going, gang, akin to AS., D., G., & Dan. <ets>gang</ets> a going, Goth. <ets>gaggs</ets> street, way. See <er>Gang</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A going; a course.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A number going in company; hence, a company, or a number of persons associated for a particular purpose; a group of laborers under one foreman; a squad; <as>as, a <ex>gang</ex> of sailors; a chain <ex>gang</ex>; a <ex>gang</ex> of thieves.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A combination of similar implements arranged so as, by acting together, to save time or labor; a set; <as>as, a <ex>gang</ex> of saws, or of plows</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A set; all required for an outfit; <as>as, a new <ex>gang</ex> of stays</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gangue</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The mineral substance which incloses a vein; a matrix; a gangue.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Gang board</col>, &or; <col>Gang plank</col></mcol>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A board or plank, with cleats for steps, forming a bridge by which to enter or leave a vessel.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A plank within or without the bulwarks of a vessel's waist, for the sentinel to walk on.</cd> -- <col>Gang cask</col>, <cd>a small cask in which to bring water aboard ships or in which it is kept on deck.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Gang cultivator</col>, <col>Gang plow</col></mcol>, <cd>a cultivator or plow in which several shares are attached to one frame, so as to make two or more furrows at the same time.</cd> -- <col>Gang days</col>, <cd>Rogation days; the time of perambulating parishes. See <cref>Gang week</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Gang drill</col>, <cd>a drilling machine having a number of drills driven from a common shaft.</cd> -- <col>Gang master</col>, <cd>a master or employer of a gang of workmen.</cd> -- <col>Gang plank</col>. <cd>See <cref>Gang board</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Gang plow</col>. <cd>See <cref>Gang cultivator</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Gang press</col>, <cd>a press for operating upon a pile or row of objects separated by intervening plates.</cd> -- <col>Gang saw</col>, <cd>a saw fitted to be one of a combination or gang of saws hung together in a frame or sash, and set at fixed distances apart.</cd> -- <col>Gang tide</col>. <cd>See <cref>Gang week</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Gang tooth</col>, <cd>a projecting tooth. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Halliwell</i>.</cd> -- <col>Gang week</col>, <cd>Rogation week, when formerly processions were made to survey the bounds of parishes. <i>Halliwell</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Live gang</col>, &or; <col>Round gang</col></mcol>, <cd>the Western and the Eastern names, respectively, for a gang of saws for cutting the round log into boards at one operation. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Slabbing gang</col>, <cd>an arrangement of saws which cuts slabs from two sides of a log, leaving the middle part as a thick beam.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ganger</h1>
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<hw>Gang"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who oversees a gang of workmen.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Mayhew.</i>

<h1>Gangetic</h1>
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<hw>Gan*get"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or inhabiting, the Ganges; <as>as, the <ex>Gangetic</ex> shark</as>.</def>

<h1>Gang-flower</h1>
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<hw>Gang"-flow`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common English milkwort (<spn>Polygala vulgaris</spn>), so called from blossoming in <i>gang</i> week.</def>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Gangion</h1>
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<hw>Gan"gion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A short line attached to a trawl. See <er>Trawl</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Gangliac, Ganglial</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gan"gli*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gan"gli*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Relating to a ganglion; ganglionic.</def>

<h1>Gangliate, Gangliated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gan"gli*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gan"gli*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Furnished with ganglia; <as>as, the <ex>gangliated</ex> cords of the sympathetic nervous system</as>.</def>

<h1>Gangliform, Ganglioform</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gan"gli*form`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gan"gli*o*form`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ganglion</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a ganglion.</def>

<h1>Ganglion</h1>
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<hw>Gan"gli*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Ganglia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Ganglions</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>ganglion</ets> a sort of swelling or excrescence, a tumor under the skin, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>ganglion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mass or knot of nervous matter, including nerve cells, usually forming an enlargement in the course of a nerve</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A node, or gland in the lymphatic system; <as>as, a lymphatic <ex>ganglion</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A globular, hard, indolent tumor, situated somewhere on a tendon, and commonly formed by the effusion of a viscid fluid into it; -- called also <altname>weeping sinew</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Ganglion cell</col>, <cd>a nerve cell. See <i>Illust<i>. under <er>Bipolar</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ganglionary</h1>
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<hw>Gan"gli*on*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ganglionnarie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Ganglionic.</def>

<h1>Ganglionic</h1>
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<hw>Gan`gli*on"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ganglionique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, ganglia or ganglion cells; <as>as, a <ex>ganglionic</ex> artery; the <ex>ganglionic</ex> columns of the spinal cord.</as></def>

<h1>Gangrel</h1>
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<hw>Gan"grel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gang</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Wandering; vagrant.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Gangrenate</h1>
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<hw>Gan"gre*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To gangrene.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gangrene</h1>
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<hw>Gan"grene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gangr\'8ane</ets>, L. <ets>gangraena</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to gnaw, eat; cf. Skr. <ets>gras</ets>, <ets>gar</ets>, to devour, and E. <ets>voracious</ets>, also <ets>canker</ets>, <tt>n.</tt>, in sense 3.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A term formerly restricted to mortification of the soft tissues which has not advanced so far as to produce complete loss of vitality; but now applied to mortification of the soft parts in any stage.</def>

<h1>Gangrene</h1>
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<hw>Gan"grene</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gangrened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gangrening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gangr\'82ner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To produce gangrene in; to be affected with gangrene.</def>

<h1>Gangrenescent</h1>
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<hw>Gan`gre*nes"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to mortification or gangrene.</def>

<h1>Gangrenous</h1>
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<hw>Gan"gre*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gangr\'82neux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affected by, or produced by, gangrene; of the nature of gangrene.</def>

<h1>Gangue</h1>
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<hw>Gangue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gangue</ets>, fr. G. <ets>gang</ets> a metallic vein, a passage. See <er>Gang</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The mineral or earthy substance associated with metallic ore.</def>

<h1>Gangway</h1>
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<hw>Gang"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gang</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A passage or way into or out of any inclosed place; esp., a temporary way of access formed of planks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the English House of Commons, a narrow aisle across the house, below which sit those who do not vote steadly either with the government or with the opposition.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The opening through the bulwarks of a vessel by which persons enter or leave it.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>That part of the spar deck of a vessel on each side of the booms, from the quarter-deck to the forecastle; -- more properly termed the <i>waist</i>.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<cs><col>Gangway ladder</col>, <cd>a ladder rigged on the side of a vessel at the gangway.</cd> -- <col>To bring to the gangway</col>, <cd>to punish (a seaman) by flogging him at the gangway.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ganil</h1>
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<hw>Gan"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A kind of brittle limestone.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<mhw><h1>Ganister, Gannister</h1>
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<hw>Gan"is*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gan"nis*ter</hw></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A refractory material consisting of crushed or ground siliceous stone, mixed with fire clay; -- used for lining Bessemer converters; also used for macadamizing roads.</def>

<h1>Ganja</h1>
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<hw>Gan"ja</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>g\'benjh\'be</ets>.]</ety> <def>The dried hemp plant, used in India for smoking. It is extremely narcotic and intoxicating.</def><-- marijuana, hashish -->

<h1>Gannet</h1>
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<hw>Gan"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gant</ets>, AS. <ets>ganet</ets>, ganot, a sea fowl, a fen duck; akin to D. <ets>gent</ets> gander, OHG. <ets>ganazzo</ets>. See <er>Gander</er>, <er>Goose</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of sea birds of the genus <spn>Sula</spn>, allied to the pelicans.</def>

<note>&hand; The common gannet of Europe and America (<spn>S. bassana</spn>), is also called <altname>solan goose</altname>, <altname>chandel goose</altname>, and <altname>gentleman</altname>. In Florida the wood ibis is commonly called <i>gannet</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Booby gannet</col>. <cd>See <er>Sula</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ganocephala</h1>
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<hw>Gan`o*ceph"a*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ brightness + <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A group of fossil amphibians allied to the labyrinthodonts, having the head defended by bony, sculptured plates, as in some ganoid fishes.</def>

<h1>Ganocephalous</h1>
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<hw>Gan`o*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Ganocephala.</def>

<h1>Ganoid</h1>
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<hw>Ga"noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ brightness + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to Ganoidei. -- <tt>n.</tt> One of the Ganoidei.</def>

<cs><col>Ganoid scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one kind of scales of the ganoid fishes, composed of an inner layer of bone, and an outer layer of shining enamel. They are often so arranged as to form a coat of mail.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ganoidal</h1>
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<hw>Ga*noid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Ganoid.</def>

<h1>Ganoidei</h1>
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<hw>Ga*noi"de*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Ganoid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the subclasses of fishes. They have an arterial cone and bulb, spiral intestinal valve, and the optic nerves united by a chiasma. Many of the species are covered with bony plates, or with ganoid scales; others have cycloid scales.</def>

<note>&hand; They were numerous, and some of them of large size, in early geological periods; but they are represented by comparatively few living species, most of which inhabit fresh waters, as the bowfin, gar pike, bichir, Ceratodus, paddle fish, and sturgeon.</note>

<h1>Ganoidian</h1>
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<hw>Ga*noid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Ganoid.</def>

<h1>Ganoine</h1>
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<hw>Ga"no*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A peculiar bony tissue beneath the enamel of a ganoid scale.</def>

<h1>Gansa</h1>
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<hw>Gan"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ganza</er>.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Gantlet</h1>
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<hw>Gant"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <wordforms>[<it>Gantlet</it> is corrupted fr. <ets>gantlope</ets>; <ets>gantlope</ets> is for <ets>gatelope</ets>, Sw. <ets>gatlopp</ets>, orig., a running down a lane; gata street, lane + lopp course, career, akin to l\'94pa to run. See</tt> <er>Gate</er> a way, and <er>Leap</er>.]</wordforms> <def>A military punishment formerly in use, wherein the offender was made to run between two files of men facing one another, who struck him as he passed.</def>

<cs><col>To run the gantlet</col>, <cd>to suffer the punishment of the gantlet; hence, to go through the ordeal of severe criticism or controversy, or ill-treatment at many hands.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Winthrop ran the <b>gantlet</b> of daily slights.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Written also, but less properly, <i>gauntlet</i>.</note>

<h1>Gantlet</h1>
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<hw>Gant"let</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A glove. See <er>Gauntlet</er>.</def>

<h1>Gantline</h1>
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<hw>Gant"line`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A line rigged to a mast; -- used in hoisting rigging; a girtline.</def>

<hr>
<page="612">
Page 612<p>

<h1>Gantlope</h1>
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<hw>Gant"lope`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gantlet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gantry</h1>
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<hw>Gan"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gauntree</er>.</def>

<h1>Ganza</h1>
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<hw>Gan"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>gansa</ets>, <ets>ganso</ets>, goose; of Gothic origin. See <er>Gannet</er>, <er>Goose</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of wild goose, by a flock of which a virtuoso was fabled to be carried to the lunar world.</def> <altsp>[Also <asp>gansa</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Gaol</h1>
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<hw>Gaol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Jail</er>.]</ety> <def>A place of confinement, especially for minor offenses or provisional imprisonment; a jail.</def> <altsp>[Preferably, and in the United States usually, written <asp>jail</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Commission of general gaol delivery</col>, <cd>an authority conferred upon judges and others included in it, for trying and delivering every prisoner in jail when the judges, upon their circuit, arrive at the place for holding court, and for discharging any whom the grand jury fail to indict.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Gaol delivery</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Jail delivery</cref>, under <er>Jail</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gaoler</h1>
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<hw>Gaol"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The keeper of a jail. See <er>Jailer</er>.</def>

<h1>Gap</h1>
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<hw>Gap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gap</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>gap</ets> an empty space, Sw. <ets>gap</ets> mouth, breach, abyss, Dan. <ets>gab</ets> mouth, opening, AS. <ets>geap</ets> expanse; as adj., wide, spacious. See <er>Gape</er>.]</ety> <def>An opening in anything made by breaking or parting; <as>as, a <ex>gap</ex> in a fence</as>; an opening for a passage or entrance; an opening which implies a breach or defect; a vacant space or time; a hiatus; a mountain pass.</def>

<blockquote>Miseries ensued by the opening of that <b>gap</b>.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It would make a great <b>gap</b> in your own honor.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Gap lathe</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a turning lathe with a deep notch in the bed to admit of turning a short object of large diameter.</cd> -- <col>To stand in the gap</col>, <cd>to expose one's self for the protection of something; to make defense against any assailing danger; to take the place of a fallen defender or supporter.</cd> -- <col>To stop a gap</col>, <cd>to secure a weak point; to repair a defect.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gap</h1>
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<hw>Gap</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To notch, as a sword or knife.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make an opening in; to breach.</def>

<blockquote>Their masses are <b>gapp'd</b> with our grape.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gape</h1>
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<hw>Gape</hw> <tt>(?; <it>in Eng, commonly</it> ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gaped</er> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gaping</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gapen</ets>, AS.  <ets>geapan</ets> to open; akin to D. <ets>gapen</ets> to gape, G. <ets>gaffen</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>gapa</ets>, Dan. <ets>gabe</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>jabh</ets> to snap at, open the mouth. Cf. <er>Gaby</er>, <er>Gap</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To open the mouth wide</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Expressing a desire for food; <as>as, young birds <ex>gape</ex></as>.</def> <i>Dryden.</i><sd>(b)</sd> <def>Indicating sleepiness or indifference; to yawn.</def>

<blockquote>She stretches, <b>gapes</b>, unglues her eyes,
And asks if it be time to rise.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>Showing self-forgetfulness in surprise, astonishment, expectation, etc.</cd>

<blockquote>With <b>gaping</b> wonderment had stared aghast.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>Manifesting a desire to injure, devour, or overcome.</cd>

<blockquote>They have <b>gaped</b> upon me with their mouth.
<i>Job xvi. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pen or part widely; to exhibit a gap, fissure, or hiatus.</def>

<blockquote>May that ground <b>gape</b> and swallow me alive!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To long, wait eagerly, or cry aloud for something; -- with <i>for</i>, <i>after</i>, or <i>at</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The hungry grave for her due tribute <b>gapes</b>.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To gaze; stare; yawn. See <er>Gaze</er>.</syn>

<h1>Gape</h1>
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<hw>Gape</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of gaping; a yawn.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The width of the mouth when opened, as of birds, fishes, etc.</def>

<h1>The gapes</h1>
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<hw>The gapes</hw>. <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A fit of yawning</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A disease of young poultry and other birds, attended with much gaping. It is caused by a parasitic nematode worm (<spn>Syngamus trachealis</spn>), in the windpipe, which obstructs the breathing. See <er>Gapeworm</er>.</def>

<h1>Gaper</h1>
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<hw>Gap"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who gapes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A European fish. See 4th <er>Comber</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A large edible clam (<spn>Schizoth\'91rus Nuttalli</spn>), of the Pacific coast; -- called also <altname>gaper clam</altname>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An East Indian bird of the genus <spn>Cymbirhynchus</spn>, related to the broadbills.</def>

<h1>Gapeseed</h1>
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<hw>Gape"seed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any strange sight.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Gapesing</h1>
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<hw>Gapes"ing</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of gazing about; sightseeing.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Gapeworm</h1>
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<hw>Gape"worm`</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The parasitic worm that causes the gapes in birds. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Gapingstock</h1>
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<hw>Gap"ing*stock`</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is an object of open-mouthed wonder.</def>

<blockquote>I was to be a <b>gapingstock</b> and a scorn to the young volunteers.
<i>Godwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gap-toothed</h1>
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<hw>Gap"-toothed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having interstices between the teeth.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Gar</h1>
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<hw>Gar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. AS. <ets>g\'ber</ets> dart, spear, lance. The name is applied to the fish on account of its long and slender body and pointed head. Cf. <er>Goad</er>, <er>Gore</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any slender marine fish of the genera <spn>Belone</spn> and <spn>Tylosurus</spn>. See <er>Garfish</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The gar pike. See <cref>Alligator gar</cref> (under <er>Alligator</er>), and <cref>Gar pike</cref>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Gar pike</col>, &or; <col>Garpike</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, elongated ganoid fish of the genus <spn>Lepidosteus</spn>, of several species, inhabiting the lakes and rivers of temperate and tropical America.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gar</h1>
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<hw>Gar</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Of Scand. origin. See <er>Gear</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To cause; to make.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Garancin</h1>
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<hw>Gar"an*cin</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>garance</ets> madder, LL. <ets>garantia</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An extract of madder by sulphuric acid. It consists essentially of alizarin.</def>

<h1>Garb</h1>
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<hw>Garb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>garbe</ets> looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG. <ets>garaw\'c6</ets>, <ets>garw\'c6</ets>, ornament, dress. akin to E. <ets>gear</ets>. See <er>Gear</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Clothing in general.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The whole dress or suit of clothes worn by any person, especially when indicating rank or office; <as>as, the <ex>garb</ex> of a clergyman or a judge</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Costume; fashion; <as>as, the <ex>garb</ex> of a gentleman in the 16th century</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech.</def>

<blockquote>You thought, because he could not speak English in the native <b>garb</b>, he could not therefore handle an English cudgel.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Garb</h1>
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<hw>Garb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gerbe</ets>, OF. also <ets>garbe</ets>, OHG. <ets>garba</ets>, G. <ets>garbe</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>grbh</ets> to seize, E. <ets>grab</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A sheaf of grain (wheat, unless otherwise specified).</def>

<h1>Garb</h1>
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<hw>Garb</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To clothe; array; deck.</def>

<blockquote>These black dog-Dons
<b>Garb</b> themselves bravely.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Garbage</h1>
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<hw>Gar"bage</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. also <ets>garbash</ets>, perh. orig., that which is purged or cleansed away; cf. OF. <ets>garber</ets> to make fine, neat, OHG.  <ets>garawan</ets> to make ready, prepare, akin to E. <ets>garb</ets> dress; or perh. for <ets>garbleage</ets>, fr. <ets>garble</ets>; or cf. OF. <ets>garbage</ets> tax on sheaves, E. <ets>garb</ets> sheaf.]</ety> <def>Offal, as the bowels of an animal or fish; refuse animal or vegetable matter from a kitchen; hence, anything worthless, disgusting, or loathsome.</def>

<i>Grainger.</i>

<h1>Garbage</h1>
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<hw>Gar"bage</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To strip of the bowels; to clean.</def> "Pilchards . . . are <i>garbaged</i>."

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Garbed</h1>
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<hw>Garbed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dressed; habited; clad.</def>

<h1>Garbel</h1>
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<hw>Gar"bel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Garboard</er>.</def>

<h1>Garbel</h1>
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<hw>Gar"bel</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Garble</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Anything sifted, or from which the coarse parts have been taken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Garble</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Garbled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Garbling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Formerly, to pick out, sort, OF. <ets>grabeler</ets>, for <ets>garbeler</ets> to examine precisely, garble spices, fr. LL. <ets>garbellare</ets> to sift; cf. Sp. <ets>garbillar</ets> to sift, <ets>garbillo</ets> a coarse sieve, L. <ets>cribellum</ets>, dim. of <ets>cribrum</ets> sieve, akin to <ets>cernere</ets> to separate, sift (cf. E. <er>Discern</er>); or perh. rather from Ar. <ets>gharb\'bel</ets>, <ets>gharbil</ets>, sieve.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sift or bolt, to separate the fine or valuable parts of from the coarse and useless parts, or from dros or dirt; <as>as, to <ex>garble</ex> spices</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pick out such parts of as may serve a purpose; to mutilate; to pervert; <as>as, to <ex>garble</ex> a quotation; to <ex>garble</ex> an account.</as></def>

<h1>Garble</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Refuse; rubbish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wolcott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Impurities separated from spices, drugs, etc.; -- also called <altname>garblings</altname>.</def>

<h1>Garbler</h1>
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<hw>Gar"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who garbles.</def>

<h1>Garboard</h1>
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<hw>Gar"board</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of the planks next the keel on the outside, which form a garboard strake.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Garboard strake</col> &or; <col>streak</col></mcol>, <cd>the first range or strake of planks laid on a ship's bottom next the keel.</cd>

<i>Totten.</i></cs>

<h1>Garboil</h1>
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<hw>Gar"boil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>garbouil</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>garbullo</ets>, It. <ets>garbuglio</ets>; of uncertain origin; the last part is perh. fr. L. <ets>bullire</ets> to boil, E. <ets>boil</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tumult; disturbance; disorder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Garcinia</h1>
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<hw>Gar*cin"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, including the mangosteen tree (<spn>Garcinia Mangostana</spn>), found in the islands of the Indian Archipelago; -- so called in honor of Dr. <ets>Garcin</ets>.</def>

<h1>Gard</h1>
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<hw>Gard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Garde</er>, <er>Yard</er>]</ety> <def>Garden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Trees of the <i>gard</i>."

<i>F. Beaumont.</i>

<h1>Gard</h1>
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<hw>Gard</hw>, <tt>v. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Guard</er>.</def>

<h1>Gardant</h1>
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<hw>Gar"dant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Guardant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Turning the head towards the spectator, but not the body; -- said of a lion or other beast.</def>

<h1>Garden</h1>
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<hw>Gar"den</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gardin</ets>, OF. <ets>gardin</ets>, <ets>jardin</ets>, F. <ets>jardin</ets>, of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>garto</ets>, G. <ets>garten</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>geard</ets>. See <er>Yard</er> an inclosure.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of ground appropriates to the cultivation of herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of country.</def>

<blockquote>I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy,
The pleasant <b>garden</b> of great Italy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Garden</i> is often used adjectively or in self-explaining compounds; as, <i>garden</i> flowers, <i>garden</i> tools, <i>garden</i> walk, <i>garden</i> wall, <i>garden</i> house or <i>garden</i>house.</note>

<cs><col>Garden balsam</col>, <cd>an ornamental plant (<spn>Impatiens Balsamina</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Garden engine</col>, <cd>a wheelbarrow tank and pump for watering gardens.</cd> -- <col>Garden glass</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A bell glass for covering plants.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A globe of dark-colored glass, mounted on a pedestal, to reflect surrounding objects; -- much used as an ornament in gardens in Germany.</cd> -- <col>Garden house</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A summer house.</cd> <i>Beau & Fl</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A privy.</cd> <mark>[Southern U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Garden husbandry</col></mcol>, <cd>the raising on a small scale of seeds, fruits, vegetables, etc., for sale.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Garden</col> <col>mold &or; mould</col></mcol>, <cd>rich, mellow earth which is fit for a garden. <i>Mortimer</i>.</cd> -- <col>Garden nail</col>, <cd>a cast nail used, for fastening vines to brick walls. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Garden net</col>, <cd>a net for covering fruits trees, vines, etc., to protect them from birds.</cd> -- <col>Garden party</col>, <cd>a social party held out of doors, within the grounds or garden attached to a private residence.</cd> -- <col>Garden plot</col>, <cd>a plot appropriated to a garden.</cd> <col>Garden pot</col>, <cd>a watering pot.</cd> -- <col>Garden pump</col>, <cd>a garden engine; a barrow pump.</cd> -- <col>Garden shears</col>, <cd>large shears, for clipping trees and hedges, pruning, etc.</cd> -- <col>Garden spider</col>, <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the diadem spider (<spn>Epeira diadema</spn>), common in gardens, both in Europe and America. It spins a geometrical web. See <cref>Geometric spider</cref>, and <cref>Spider web</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Garden stand</col>, <cd>a stand for flower pots.</cd> -- <col>Garden stuff</col>, <cd>vegetables raised in a garden.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Garden syringe</col></mcol>, <cd>a syringe for watering plants, sprinkling them with solutions for destroying insects, etc.</cd> -- <col>Garden truck</col>, <cd>vegetables raised for the market.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Garden ware</col>, <cd>garden truck. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <i>Mortimer.</i> --   <mcol><col>Bear garden</col>, <col>Botanic garden</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Bear</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Hanging garden</col>. <cd>See under <er>Hanging</er>.</cd> -- <col>Kitchen garden</col>, <cd>a garden where vegetables are cultivated for household use.</cd> -- <col>Market garden</col>, <cd>a piece of ground where vegetable are cultivated to be sold in the markets for table use.</cd></cs>

<h1>Garden</h1>
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<hw>Gar"den</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gardened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gardening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To lay out or cultivate a garden; to labor in a garden; to practice horticulture.</def>

<h1>Garden</h1>
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<hw>Gar"den</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cultivate as a garden.</def>

<h1>Gardener</h1>
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<hw>Gar"den*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes and tends a garden; a horticulturist.</def>

<h1>Gardenia</h1>
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<hw>Garde"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, some species of which produce beautiful and fragrant flowers; Cape jasmine; -- so called in honor of Dr. Alexander <i>Garden</i>.</def>

<h1>Gardening</h1>
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<hw>Gar"den*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of occupation of laying out and cultivating gardens; horticulture.</def>

<h1>Gardenless</h1>
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<hw>Gar"den*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of a garden.</def>

<i>Shelley.</i>

<h1>Gardenly</h1>
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<hw>Gar"den*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a garden.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>W. Marshall.</i>

<h1>Gardenship</h1>
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<hw>Gar"den*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Horticulture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gardon</h1>
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<hw>Gar"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European cyprinoid fish; the id.</def>

<h1>Gardyloo</h1>
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<hw>Gar`dy*loo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gare l'eau</ets> beware of the water.]</ety> <def>An old cry in throwing water, slops, etc., from the windows in Edingburgh.</def>

<i>Sir. W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Gare</h1>
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<hw>Gare</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gear</er>.]</ety> <def>Coarse wool on the legs of sheep.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Garefowl</h1>
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<hw>Gare"fowl`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The great auk; also, the razorbill. See <er>Auk</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gairfowl</asp>, and <asp>gurfel</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Garfish</h1>
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<hw>Gar"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gar</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A European marine fish (<spn>Belone vulgaris</spn>); -- called also <altname>gar</altname>, <altname>gerrick</altname>, <altname>greenback</altname>, <altname>greenbone</altname>, <altname>gorebill</altname>, <altname>hornfish</altname>, <altname>longnose</altname>, <altname>mackerel guide</altname>, <altname>sea needle</altname>, and <altname>sea pike</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of several species of similar fishes of the genus <spn>Tylosurus</spn>, of which one species (<spn>T. marinus</spn>) is common on the Atlantic coast. <spn>T. Caribb\'91us</spn>, a very large species, and <spn>T. crassus</spn>, are more southern; -- called also <altname>needlefish</altname>. Many of the common names of the European garfish are also applied to the American species.</def>

<h1>Gargalize</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ga*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gargle</er>, <er>Gargarize</er>.]</ety> <def>To gargle; to rinse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Garganey</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ga*ney</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European duck (<spn>Anas querquedula</spn>); -- called also <altname>cricket teal</altname>, and <altname>summer teal</altname>.</def>

<h1>Gargantuan</h1>
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<hw>Gar*gan"tu*an</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Gargantua</ets>, an allegorical hero of Rabelais.]</ety> <def>Characteristic of Gargantua, a gigantic, wonderful personage; enormous; prodigious; inordinate.</def>

<h1>Gargarism</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ga*rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gargarisme</ets>, L. <ets>gargarisma</ets>. See <er>Gargarize</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A gargle.</def>

<h1>Gargarize</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ga*rize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gargarizare</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To gargle; to rinse or wash, as the mouth and throat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Garget</h1>
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<hw>Garget</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>garget</ets>, <ets>gargate</ets>, throat, OF. <ets>gargate</ets>. Cf. <er>Gorge</er>. The etymol. of senses 2, 3, & 4 is not certain.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The throat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A diseased condition of the udders of cows, etc., arising from an inflammation of the mammary glands.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A distemper in hogs, indicated by staggering and loss of appetite.</def>

<i>Youatt.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Poke</er>.</def>

<h1>Gargil</h1>
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<hw>Gar"gil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Garget</er>, <er>Gargoyle</er>.]</ety> <def>A distemper in geese, affecting the head.</def>

<h1>Gargle</h1>
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<hw>Gar"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gargoyle</er>.</def>

<h1>Gargle</h1>
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<hw>Gar"gle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Garggled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gargling</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>gargouiller</ets> to dabble, paddle, gargle. Cf. <er>Gargoyle</er>, <er>Gurgle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wash or rinse, as the mouth or throat, particular the latter, agitating the liquid (water or a medicinal preparation) by an expulsion of air from the lungs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To warble; to sing as if gargling</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Waller.</i>

<h1>Gargle</h1>
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<hw>Gar"gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A liquid, as water or some medicated preparation, used to cleanse the mouth and throat, especially for a medical effect.</def>

<h1>Gargol</h1>
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<hw>Gar"gol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gargil</er>.]</ety> <def>A distemper in swine; garget.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Gargoulette</h1>
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<hw>Gar`gou*lette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A water cooler or jug with a handle and spout; a gurglet.</def>

<i>Mollett.</i>

<h1>Gargoyle</h1>
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<hw>Gar"goyle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>garguilie</ets>, <ets>gargouille</ets>, cf. Sp. <ets>g\'a0rgola</ets>, prob. fr. the same source as F. <ets>gorge</ets> throat, influenced by L. <ets>gargarizare</ets> to gargle. See <er>Gorge</er> and cf. <er>Gargle</er>, <er>Gargarize</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A spout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved grotesquely.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gargle</asp>, <asp>gargyle</asp>, and <asp>gurgoyle</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Gargyle</h1>
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<hw>Gar"gyle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gargoyle</er>.</def>

<h1>Garibaldi</h1>
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<hw>Ga`ri*bal"di</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A jacket worn by women; -- so called from its resemblance in shape to the red shirt worn by the Italians patriot <i>Garibaldi</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A California market fish (<spn>Pomancentrus rubicundus</spn>) of a deep scarlet color.</def>

<h1>Garish</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>gauren</ets> to stare; of uncertain origin. Cf. <er>gairish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Showy; dazzling; ostentatious; attracting or exciting attention.</def> "The <i>garish</i> sun." "A <i>garish</i> flag." <i>Shak</i>. "<i>In</i> . . . <i>garish</i> colors." <i>Asham</i>. "<i>The garish</i> day." <i>J. H. Newman</i>.

<blockquote><b>Garish</b> like the laughters of drunkenness.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gay to extravagance; flighty.</def>

<blockquote>It makes the mind loose and <b>garish</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Gar"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Garish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Garland</h1>
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<hw>Gar"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>garland</ets>, <ets>gerlond</ets>, OF. <ets>garlande</ets>, F. <ets>guirlande</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. <ets>wiara</ets>, <ets>wiera</ets>, crown, pure gold, MHG. <ets>wieren</ets> to adorn.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The crown of a king.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Graffon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wreath of chaplet made of branches, flowers, or feathers, and sometimes of precious stones, to be worn on the head like a crown; a coronal; a wreath.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<hr>
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Page 613<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The top; the thing most prized.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A book of extracts in prose or poetry; an anthology.</def>

<blockquote>They [ballads] began to be collected into little miscellanies under the name of <b>garlands</b>.
<i>Percy.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A sort of netted bag used by sailors to keep provision in.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A grommet or ring of rope lashed to a spar for convenience in handling.</def>

<h1>Garland</h1>
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<hw>Gar"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Garlanded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Garlanding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deck with a garland.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Garlandless</h1>
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<hw>Gar"land*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of a garland.</def>

<i>Shelley.</i>

<h1>Garlic</h1>
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<hw>Gar"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>garlek</ets>, AS. <ets>g\'berle\'a0c</ets>; <ets>gar</ets> spear, lance + <ets>le\'a0c</ets> leek. See <er>Gar</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and <er>Leek</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Allium</spn> (<spn>A. sativum</spn> is the cultivated variety), having a bulbous root, a very strong smell, and an acrid, pungent taste. Each root is composed of several lesser bulbs, called <i>cloves of garlic</i>, inclosed in a common membranous coat, and easily separable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of jig or farce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Taylor (1630).</i>

<cs><col>Garlic mustard</col>, <cd>a European plant of the Mustard family (<spn>Alliaria officinalis</spn>) which has a strong smell of garlic.</cd> -- <col>Garlic pear tree</col>, <cd>a tree in Jamaica (<spn>Crat\'91va gynandra</spn>), bearing a fruit which has a strong scent of garlic, and a burning taste.</cd></cs>

<h1>Garlicky</h1>
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<hw>Gar"lick*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like or containing garlic.</def>

<h1>Garment</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>garnement</ets>, OF. <ets>garnement</ets>, <ets>garniment</ets>, fr. <ets>garnir</ets> to garnish. See <er>Garnish</er>.]</ety> <def>Any article of clothing, as a coat, a gown, etc.</def>

<blockquote>No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto old <b>garment</b>.
<i>Matt. ix. 16.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Garmented</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ment*ed</hw>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Having on a garment; attired; enveloped, as with a garment.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>A lovely lady <b>garmented</b> in light
From her own beauty.
<i>Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Garmenture</h1>
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<hw>Gar"men*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Clothing; dress.</def>

<h1>Garner</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>garner</ets>, <ets>gerner</ets>, <ets>greiner</ets>, OF. <ets>gernier</ets>, <ets>grenier</ets>, F. <ets>grenier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>granarium</ets>, fr. <ets>granum</ets>. See 1st <er>Grain</er>, and cf. <er>Granary</er>.]</ety> <def>A granary; a building or place where grain is stored for preservation.</def>

<h1>Garner</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ner</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Garnered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Garnering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To gather for preservation; to store, as in a granary; to treasure.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Garnet</h1>
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<hw>Gar"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gernet</ets>, <ets>grenat</ets>, OF. <ets>grenet</ets>,<ets>grenat</ets>, F. <ets>grenat</ets>, LL. <ets>granatus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>granatum</ets> pomegranate, <ets>granatus</ets> having many grains or seeds, fr. <ets>granum</ets> grain, seed. So called from its resemblance in color and shape to the grains or seeds of the pomegranate. See <er>Grain</er>, and cf. <er>Grenade</er>, <er>Pomegranate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral having many varieties differing in color and in their constituents, but with the same crystallization (isometric), and conforming to the same general chemical formula. The commonest color is red, the luster is vitreous, and the hardness greater than that of quartz. The dodecahedron and trapezohedron are the common forms.</def>

<note>&hand; There are also white, green, yellow, brown, and black varieties. The garnet is a silicate, the bases being aluminia lime (<i>grossularite</i>, <i>essonite</i>, or <i>cinnamon stone</i>), or aluminia magnesia (<i>pyrope</i>), or aluminia iron (<i>almandine</i>), or aluminia manganese (<i>spessartite</i>), or iron lime (<i>common garnet</i>, <i>melanite</i>, <i>allochroite</i>), or chromium lime (<i>ouvarovite</i>, color emerald green). The transparent red varieties are used as gems. The garnet was, in part, the carbuncle of the ancients. Garnet is a very common mineral in gneiss and mica slate.</note>

<cs><col>Garnet berry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the red currant; -- so called from its transparent red color.</cd> -- <col>Garnet brown</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an artificial dyestuff, produced as an explosive brown crystalline substance with a green or golden luster. It consists of the potassium salt of a complex cyanogen derivative of picric acid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Garnet</h1>
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<hw>Gar"net</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. unknown.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A tackle for hoisting cargo in our out.</def>

<cs><col>Clew garnet</col>. <cd>See under <er>Clew</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Garnetiferous</h1>
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<hw>Gar`net*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[1st <ets>garnet + -ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Containing garnets.</def>

<h1>Garnierite</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ni*er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after the French geologist <ets>Garnier</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An amorphous mineral of apple-green color; a hydrous silicate of nickel and magnesia. It is an important ore of nickel.</def>

<h1>Garnish</h1>
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<hw>Gar"nish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Garnished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Garnishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>garnischen</ets>, <ets>garnissen</ets>, OF. <ets>garnir</ets> to provide, strengthen, prepare, garnish, warn, F. <ets>garnir</ets> to provide, furnish, garnish, -- of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>warn\'d3n</ets> to provide, equip; akin to G. <ets>wahren</ets> to watch, E. <ets>aware</ets>, <ets>ware</ets>, <ets>wary</ets>, and cf. also E. <ets>warn</ets>. See <er>Wary</er>, <er>-ish</er>, and cf. <er>Garment</er>, <er>Garrison</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To decorate with ornamental appendages; to set off; to adorn; to embellish.</def>

<blockquote>All within with flowers was <b>garnished</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>To ornament, as a dish, with something laid about it; <as>as, a dish <ex>garnished</ex> with parsley</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish; to supply.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To fit with fetters.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To warn by garnishment; to give notice to; to garnishee. See <er>Garnishee</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Garnish</h1>
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<hw>Gar"nish</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something added for embellishment; decoration; ornament; also, dress; garments, especially such as are showy or decorated.</def>

<blockquote>So are you, sweet,
Even in the lovely <b>garnish</b> of a boy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Matter and figure they produce;
For <b>garnish</b> this, and that for use.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Something set round or upon a dish as an embellishment. See <er>Garnish</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 2.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fetters.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A fee; specifically, in English jails, formerly an unauthorized fee demanded by the old prisoners of a newcomer.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<i>Fielding.</i>

<cs><col>Garnish bolt</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a bolt with a chamfered or faceted head.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Garnishee</h1>
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<hw>Gar`nish*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who is garnished; a person upon whom garnishment has been served in a suit by a creditor against a debtor, such person holding property belonging to the debtor, or owing him money.</def>

<note>&hand; The order by which warning is made is called a <i>garnishee order</i>.</note>

<h1>Garnishee</h1>
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<hw>Gar`nish*ee"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Garnisheed</er> <tt>(-&emac;d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Garnisheeing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To make (a person) a garnishee; to warn by garnishment; to garnish.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To attach (the fund or property sought to be secured by garnishment); to trustee.</def>

<h1>Garnisher</h1>
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<hw>Gar"nish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, garnishes.</def>

<h1>Garnishment</h1>
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<hw>Gar"nish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>garnissement</ets> protection, guarantee, warning.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ornament; embellishment; decoration.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Warning, or legal notice, to one to appear and give information to the court on any matter.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Warning to a person in whose hands the effects of another are attached, not to pay the money or deliver the goods to the defendant, but to appear in court and give information as garnishee.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A fee. See <er>Garnish</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<h1>Garniture</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ni*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>garniture</ets>. See <er>Garnish</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>That which garnishes; ornamental appendage; embellishment; furniture; dress.</def>

<blockquote>The pomp of groves and <b>garniture</b> of fields.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Garookuh</h1>
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<hw>Ga*roo"kuh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small fishing vessel met with in the Persian Gulf.</def>

<h1>Garous</h1>
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<hw>Ga"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Garum</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, garum.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<mhw><h1>Gar pike &or; Garpike</h1>
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<hw>Gar" pike`</hw> &or; <hw>Gar"pike`</hw></mhw>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Gar</er>.</def>

<h1>Garran</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ran</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>garr\'a0n</ets>, <ets>gearr\'a0n</ets>, gelding, work horse, hack.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Galloway</er>.</def> <altsp>[Scot. <asp>garron</asp> or <asp>gerron</asp>. <i>Jamieson</i>.]</altsp>

<h1>Garret</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>garite</ets>, <ets>garette</ets>, watchtower, place of lookout, OF. <ets>garite</ets>, also meaning, a place of refuge, F. <ets>gu\'82rite</ets> a place of refuge, donjon, sentinel box, fr. OF. <ets>garir</ets> to preserve, save, defend, F. <ets>gu\'82rir</ets> to cure; of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>werian</ets> to protect, defend, hinder, G. <ets>wehren</ets>, akin to Goth. <ets>warjan</ets> to hinder, and akin to E. <ets>weir</ets>, or perhaps to <ets>wary</ets>. See <er>Weir</er>, and cf. <er>Guerite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A turret; a watchtower.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He saw men go up and down on the <b>garrets</b> of the gates and walls.
<i>Ld. Berners.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That part of a house which is on the upper floor, immediately under or within the roof; an attic.</def>

<blockquote>The tottering <b>garrets</b> which overhung the streets of Rome.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Garreted</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ret*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Protected by turrets.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. Carew.</i>

<h1>Garreteer</h1>
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<hw>Gar`ret*eer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lives in a garret; a poor author; a literary hack.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Garreting</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ret*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Small splinters of stone inserted into the joints of coarse masonry.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Garrison</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ri*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>garnisoun</ets>, F. <ets>garnison</ets> garrison, in OF. & OE. also, provision, munitions, from <ets>garnir</ets> to garnish. See <er>Garnish</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A body of troops stationed in a fort or fortified town.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A fortified place, in which troops are quartered for its security.</def>

<cs><col>In garrison</col>, <cd>in the condition of a garrison; doing duty in a fort or as one of a garrison.</cd></cs>

<h1>Garrison</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ri*son</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Garrisoned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Garrisoning</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To place troops in, as a fortification, for its defense; to furnish with soldiers; <as>as, to <ex>garrison</ex> a fort or town</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To secure or defend by fortresses manned with troops; <as>as, to <ex>garrison</ex> a conquered territory</as>.</def>

<h1>Garron</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Garran</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Garrot</h1>
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<hw>Gar"rot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. Cf. <er>Garrote</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A stick or small wooden cylinder used for tightening a bandage, in order to compress the arteries of a limb.</def>

<h1>Garrot</h1>
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<hw>Gar"rot</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European golden-eye.</def>

<h1>Garrote</h1>
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<hw>Gar*rote"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>garrote</ets>, from <ets>garra</ets> claw, talon, of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. & W. <ets>gar</ets> leg, ham, shank. Cf. <er>Garrot</er> stick, <er>Garter</er>.]</ety> <def>A Spanish mode of execution by strangulation, with an iron collar affixed to a post and tightened by a screw until life become extinct; also, the instrument by means of which the punishment is inflicted.</def>

<h1>Garrote</h1>
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<hw>Gar*rote"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Garroted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Garroting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strangle with the garrote; hence, to seize by the throat, from behind, with a view to strangle and rob.</def>

<h1>Garroter</h1>
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<hw>Gar*rot"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who seizes a person by the throat from behind, with a view to strangle and rob him.</def>

<h1>Garrulity</h1>
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<hw>Gar*ru"li*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>garrulitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>garrulit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Talkativeness; loquacity.</def>

<h1>Garrulous</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ru*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>garrulus</ets>, fr. <ets>garrire</ets> to chatter, talk; cf. Gr. <?/ voice, <?/ to speak, sing. Cf. <er>Call</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Talking much, especially about commonplace or trivial things; talkative; loquacious.</def>

<blockquote>The most <b>garrulous</b> people on earth.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a loud, harsh note; noisy; -- said of birds; <as>as, the <ex>garrulous</ex> roller</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Garrulous</er>, <er>Talkative</er>, <er>Loquacious</er>.</syn> <usage> A <i>garrulous</i> person indulges in long, prosy talk, with frequent repetitions and lengthened details; <i>talkative</i> implies simply a great desire to talk; and <i>loquacious</i> a great flow of words at command. A child is <i>talkative</i>; a lively woman is <i>loquacious</i>; an old man in his dotage is <i>garrulous</i>.</usage>

-- <wordforms><wf>Gar"ru*lous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Gar"ru*lous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Garrupa</h1>
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<hw>Gar*ru"pa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. Pg. <ets>garupa</ets> crupper. Cf. <er>Grouper</er> the fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of California market fishes, of the genus <spn>Sebastichthys</spn>; -- called also <altname>rockfish</altname>. See <er>Rockfish</er>.</def>

<h1>Garter</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gartier</ets>, F. <ets>jarreti\'8are</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>garet</ets> bend of the knee, F. <ets>jarret</ets>; akin to Sp. <ets>garra</ets> claw, Prov. <ets>garra</ets> leg. See <er>Garrote</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A band used to prevent a stocking from slipping down on the leg.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The distinguishing badge of the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain, called the <i>Order of the Garter</i>, instituted by Edward III.; also, the Order itself.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Bendlet</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Garter fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fish of the genus <spn>Lepidopus</spn>, having a long, flat body, like the blade of a sword; the scabbard fish.</cd> -- <col>Garter king-at-arms</col>, <cd>the chief of the official heralds of England, king-at-arms to the Order of the Garter; -- often abbreviated to <altname>Garter</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Garter snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several harmless American snakes of the genus <spn>Eut\'91nia</spn>, of several species (esp. <spn>E. saurita</spn> and <spn>E. sirtalis</spn>); one of the striped snakes; -- so called from its conspicuous stripes of color.</cd></cs>

<h1>Garter</h1>
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<hw>Gar"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gartered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gartering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bind with a garter.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . could not see to <b>garter</b> his hose.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To invest with the Order of the Garter.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Garth</h1>
<Xpage=613>

<hw>Garth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>gar<?/r</ets> yard. See <er>Yard</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A close; a yard; a croft; a garden; <as>as, a cloister <ex>garth</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>A clapper clapping in a <b>garth</b>
To scare the fowl from fruit.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dam or weir for catching fish.</def>

<h1>Garth</h1>
<Xpage=613>

<hw>Garth</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<er>Girth</er>.]</ety> <def>A hoop or band.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Garum</h1>
<Xpage=613>

<hw>Ga"rum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A sauce made of small fish. It was prized by the ancients.</def>

<h1>Garvie</h1>
<Xpage=613>

<hw>Gar"vie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The spart; -- called also <altname>garvie herring</altname>, and <altname>garvock</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Gas</h1>
<Xpage=613>

<hw>Gas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gases</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Invented by the chemist Van Helmont of Brussels, who died in 1644.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An a\'89riform fluid; -- a term used at first by chemists as synonymous with <i>air</i>, but since restricted to fluids supposed to be permanently elastic, as oxygen, hydrogen, etc., in distinction from vapors, as steam, which become liquid on a reduction of temperature. In present usage, since all of the supposed permanent gases have been liquified by cold and pressure, the term has resumed nearly its original signification, and is applied to any substance in the elastic or a\'89riform state.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Popular Usage)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A complex mixture of gases, of which the most important constituents are marsh gas, olefiant gas, and hydrogen, artificially produced by the destructive distillation of gas coal, or sometimes of peat, wood, oil, resin, etc. It gives a brilliant light when burned, and is the common gas used for illuminating purposes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Laughing gas.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Any irrespirable a\'89riform fluid.</def>

<-- 3. gasoline. -->

<note>&hand; <i>Gas</i> is often used adjectively or in combination; as, <i>gas</i> fitter or <i>gas</i>fitter; <i>gas</i> meter or <i>gas</i>-meter, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Air gas</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of gas made by forcing air through some volatile hydrocarbon, as the lighter petroleums. The air is so saturated with combustible vapor as to be a convenient illuminating and heating agent.</cd> -- <col>Gas battery</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a form of voltaic battery, in which gases, especially hydrogen and oxygen, are the active agents.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Gas carbon</col>, <col>Gas coke</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Carbon</er>, <er>Coke</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Gas coal</col>, <cd>a bituminous or hydrogenous coal yielding a high percentage of volatile matters, and therefore available for the manufacture of illuminating gas. <i>R. W. Raymond</i>.</cd> -- <col>Gas engine</col>, <cd>an engine in which the motion of the piston is produced by the combustion or sudden production or expansion of gas; -- especially, an engine in which an explosive mixture of gas and air is forced into the working cylinder and ignited there by a gas flame or an electric spark.</cd><-- = internal combustion engine --> -- <col>Gas fitter</col>, <cd>one who lays pipes and puts up fixtures for gas.</cd> -- <col>Gas fitting</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The occupation of a gas fitter.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <cd>The appliances needed for the introduction of gas into a building, as meters, pipes, burners, etc.</cd> -- <col>Gas fixture</col>, <cd>a device for conveying illuminating or combustible gas from the pipe to the gas-burner, consisting of an appendage of cast, wrought, or drawn metal, with tubes upon which the burners, keys, etc., are adjusted.</cd> -- <col>Gas generator</col>, <cd>an apparatus in which gas is evolved</cd>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>a retort in which volatile hydrocarbons are evolved by heat</cd>; <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>a machine in which air is saturated with the vapor of liquid hydrocarbon; a carburetor</cd>; <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>a machine for the production of carbonic acid gas, for a\'89rating water, bread, etc.</cd> <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Gas jet</col>, <cd>a flame of illuminating gas.</cd> -- <col>Gas machine</col>, <cd>an apparatus for carbureting air for use as illuminating gas.</cd> -- <col>Gas meter</col>, <cd>an instrument for recording the quantity of gas consumed in a given time, at a particular place.</cd> -- <col>Gas retort</col>, <cd>a retort which contains the coal and other materials, and in which the gas is generated, in the manufacture of gas.</cd> -- <col>Gas stove</col>, <cd>a stove for cooking or other purposes, heated by gas.</cd> -- <col>Gas tar</col>, <cd>coal tar.</cd> -- <col>Gas trap</col>, <cd>a drain trap; a sewer trap. See 4th <er>Trap</er>, 5.</cd> -- <col>Gas washer</col> <fld>(Gas Works)</fld>, <cd>an apparatus within which gas from the condenser is brought in contact with a falling stream of water, to precipitate the tar remaining in it.</cd> <i>Knight</i>. -- <col>Gas water</col>, <cd>water through which gas has been passed for purification; -- called also <altname>gas liquor</altname> and <altname>ammoniacal water</altname>, and used for the manufacture of sal ammoniac, carbonate of ammonia, and Prussian blue.</cd> <i>Tomlinson</i>. -- <col>Gas well</col>, <cd>a deep boring, from which natural gas is discharged.</cd> <i>Raymond</i>. -- <col>Gas works</col>, <cd>a manufactory of gas, with all the machinery and appurtenances; a place where gas is generated for lighting cities.</cd> -- <col>Laughing gas</col>. <cd>See under <er>Laughing</er>.</cd> -- <col>Marsh gas</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a light, combustible, gaseous hydrocarbon, <chform>CH4</chform>, produced artificially by the dry distillation of many organic substances, and occurring as a natural product of decomposition in stagnant pools, whence its name. It is an abundant ingredient of ordinary illuminating gas, and is the first member of the paraffin series. Called also <altname>methane</altname>, and in coal mines, <altname>fire damp</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Natural gas</col>, <cd>gas obtained from wells, etc., in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and elsewhere, and largely used for fuel and illuminating purposes. It is chiefly derived from the Coal Measures.</cd> -- <col>Olefiant gas</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Ethylene</er>.</cd> -- <col>Water gas</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of gas made by forcing steam over glowing coals, whereby there results a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This gives a gas of intense heating power, but destitute of light-giving properties, and which is charged by passing through some volatile hydrocarbon, as gasoline.<-- = <altname>synthesis gas</altname> --></cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="614">
Page 614<p>

<h1>Gasalier</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas`a*lier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formed from <ets>gas</ets>, in imitation of chande<ets>lier</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chandelier arranged to burn gas.</def>

<h1>Gas-burner</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas"-burn`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The jet piece of a gas fixture where the gas is burned as it escapes from one or more minute orifices.</def>

<h1>Gascoines</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas"coines</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Gaskins</er>, 1.</def>

<i>Lyly.</i>

<h1>Gascon</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas"con</hw> <tt>(?; F. ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Gascony, in France, or to the Gascons; also, braggart; swaggering.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Gascony; a boaster; a bully. See <er>Gasconade</er>.</def></def2>

<h1>Gasconade</h1>
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<hw>Gas`con*ade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gasconnade</ets>, from <ets>Gascon</ets> an inhabitant of Gascony, the people of which were noted for boasting.]</ety> <def>A boast or boasting; a vaunt; a bravado; a bragging; braggodocio.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Gasconade</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas`con*ade"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gasconaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gasconading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To boast; to brag; to bluster.</def>

<h1>Gasconader</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas`con*ad"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A great boaster; a blusterer.</def>

<h1>Gascoynes</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas"coynes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Gaskins.</def>

<i>Beau & Fl.</i>

<h1>Gaseity</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas*e"i*ty</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being gaseous.</def> <mark>[R]</mark>

<i>Eng. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Gaseous</h1>
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<hw>Gas"e*ous</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Gas</er>. Cf. F. <ets>gazeux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the form, or of the nature, of gas, or of an a\'89riform fluid.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lacking substance or solidity; tenuous.</def> "Unconnected, <i>gaseous</i> information."

<i>Sir J. Stephen.</i>

<h1>Gash</h1>
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<hw>Gash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gashed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For older <ets>garth</ets> or <ets>garse</ets>, OF. <ets>garser</ets> to scarify, F. <ets>gercer</ets> to chap, perh. from an assumed LL. <ets>carptiare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>carpere</ets>, <ets>carptum</ets>, to pluck, separate into parts; cf. LL. <ets>carptare</ets> to wound. Cf. <er>Carpet</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a gash, or long, deep incision in; -- applied chiefly to incisions in flesh.</def>

<blockquote>Grievously <b>gashed</b> or gored to death.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gash</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gash</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A deep and long cut; an incision of considerable length and depth, particularly in flesh.</def>

<h1>Gashful</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gash"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of gashes; hideous; frightful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>gashful</i>, horrid, ugly shape."

<i>Gayton.</i>

<h1>Gasification</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gasify</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of converting into gas.</def>

<h1>Gasiform</h1>
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<hw>Gas"i*form</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a form of gas; gaseous.</def>

<h1>Gasify</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gasified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gasifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Gas</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To convert into gas, or an a\'89riform fluid, as by the application of heat, or by chemical processes.</def>

<h1>Gasify</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become gas; to pass from a liquid to a gaseous state.</def>

<i>Scientific American.</i>

<h1>Gasket</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas"ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>garcette</ets>, It. <ets>gaschetta</ets>, Sp. <ets>cajeta</ets> caburn, <ets>garceta</ets> reef point.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A line or band used to lash a furled sail securely. <stype>Sea gaskets</stype> are common lines; <stype>harbor gaskets</stype> are plaited and decorated lines or bands. Called also <altname>casket</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The plaited hemp used for packing a piston, as of the steam engine and its pumps.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any ring or washer of packing.</def>

<h1>Gaskins</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas"kins</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Galligaskins</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Loose hose or breeches; galligaskins.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Packing of hemp.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A horse's thighs.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Gaslight</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas"light`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The light yielded by the combustion of illuminating gas.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gas jet or burner.</def>

<h1>Gasogen</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gas</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An apparatus for the generation of gases, or for impregnating a liquid with a gas, or a gas with a volatile liquid.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A volatile hydrocarbon, used as an illuminant, or for charging illuminating gas.</def>

<h1>Gasolene</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas`o*lene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gasoline</er>.</def>

<h1>Gasolier</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas`o*lier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Gasalier</er>.</def>

<h1>Gasoline</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas"o*line</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A highly volatile mixture of fluid hydrocarbons, obtained from petroleum, as also by the distillation of bituminous coal. It is used in making air gas, and in giving illuminating power to water gas. See <er>Carburetor</er>.</def><-- used as a fuel for most automobiles and for other vehicles with a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine -->

<h1>Gasometer</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gas</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>. Cf. F. <ets>gazom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An apparatus for holding and measuring of gas; in gas works, a huge iron cylinder closed at one end and having the other end immersed in water, in which it is made to rise or fall, according to the volume of gas it contains, or the pressure required.</def>

<h1>Gasometric &or;, Gasometrical</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw><hw>Gas`o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <hw>Gas`o*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the measurement of gases; <as>as, <ex>gasometric</ex> analysis</as>.</def>

<h1>Gasometry</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas*om"e*try</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or practice of measuring gases; also, the science which treats of the nature and properties of these elastic fluids.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Gasoscope</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gas</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An apparatus for detecting the presence of any dangerous gas, from a gas leak in a coal mine or a dwelling house.</def>

<h1>Gasp</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gasp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gasped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gasping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gaspen</ets>, <ets>gaispen</ets>, to yawn, gasp, Icel. <ets>geispa</ets> to yawn; akin to Sw. <ets>g\'84spa</ets>, Dan. <ets>gispe</ets> to gasp.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To open the mouth wide in catching the breath, or in laborious respiration; to labor for breath; to respire convulsively; to pant violently.</def>

<blockquote>She <b>gasps</b> and struggles hard for life.
<i>Lloyd.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pant with eagerness; to show vehement desire.</def>

<blockquote>Quenching the <b>gasping</b> furrows' thirst with rain.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gasp</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gasp</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To emit or utter with gasps; -- with <i>forth</i>, <i>out</i>, <i>away</i>, etc.</def>

<blockquote>And with short sobs he <b>gasps</b> away his breath.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gasp</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gasp</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of opening the mouth convulsively to catch the breath; a labored respiration; a painful catching of the breath.</def>

<cs><col>At the last gasp</col>, <cd>at the point of death.</cd></cs>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Gaspereau</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas"per*eau</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The alewife.</def> <mark>[Local, Canada]</mark>

<h1>Gasserian</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas*se"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to Casserio (L. <it>Gasserius</it>), the discover of the Gasserian ganglion.</def>

<cs><col>Gasserian ganglion</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a large ganglion, at the root of the trigeminal, or fifth cranial, nerve.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gassing</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas"sing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Manuf.)</fld> <def>The process of passing cotton goods between two rollers and exposing them to numerous minute jets of gas to burn off the small fibers; any similar process of singeing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Boasting; insincere or empty talk.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Gassy</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of gas; like gas. Hence: <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> Inflated; full of boastful or insincere talk.</def>

<h1>Gast</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gasten</ets>, <ets>g<?/sten</ets> to frighten, akin to Goth. <ets>usgaisjan</ets>. See <er>Aghast</er>, <er>Ghastly</er>, and cf. <er>Gaze</er>.]</ety> <def>To make aghast; to frighten; to terrify. See <er>Aghast</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Shak.</i>

<h1>Gaster</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gast"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To gast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Gasteromycetes</h1>
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<hw>Gas`te*ro*my*ce"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ stomach + <?/ a mushroom.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An order of fungi, in which the spores are borne inside a sac called the peridium, as in the puffballs.</def>

<h1>Gasteropod</h1>
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<hw>Gas"ter*o*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Gastropod</er>.</def>

<h1>Gasteropoda</h1>
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<hw>Gas`te*rop`o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Gastropoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Gasteropodous</h1>
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<hw>Gas`ter*op"o*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Gastropodous</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Gastful, Gastly</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gast"ful</hw>, <hw>Gast"ly</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Ghastful</er>, <er>Ghastly</er>.</def>

<h1>Gastight</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas"tight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>So tightly fitted as to preclude the escape of gas; impervious to gas.</def>

<h1>Gastness</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gast"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ghastness</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gastornis</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas*tor"nis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from <ets>Gaston</ets> M. Plante, the discover + Gr. <?/ bird.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of large eocene birds from the Paris basin.</def>

<h1>Gastr\'91a</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas*tr\'91"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, <?/, the stomach.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A primeval larval form; a double-walled sac from which, according to the hypothesis of Haeckel, man and all other animals, that in the first stages of their individual evolution pass through a two-layered structural stage, or gastrula form, must have descended. This idea constitutes the <i>Gastr\'91a theory</i> of Haeckel. See <er>Gastrula</er>.</def>

<h1>Gastralgia</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas*tral"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, stomach + <?/ pain.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pain in the stomach or epigastrium, as in gastric disorders.</def>

<h1>Gastric</h1>
<Xpage=614>

<hw>Gas"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, stomach: cf. F. <ets>gastrique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or situated near, the stomach; <as>as, the <ex>gastric</ex> artery</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Gastric digestion</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the conversion of the albuminous portion of food in the stomach into soluble and diffusible products by the solvent action of gastric juice.</cd> -- <col>Gastric fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a fever attended with prominent gastric symptoms; -- a name applied to certain forms of typhoid fever; also, to catarrhal inflammation of the stomach attended with fever.</cd> -- <col>Gastric juice</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>a thin, watery fluid, with an acid reaction, secreted by a peculiar set of glands contained in the mucous membrane of the stomach. It consists mainly of dilute hydrochloric acid and the ferment pepsin. It is the most important digestive fluid in the body, but acts only on proteid foods.</cd> -- <col>Gastric remittent fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a form of remittent fever with pronounced stomach symptoms.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gastriloquist</h1>
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<hw>Gas*tril"o*quist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>gasth`r</grk>, <grk>gastro`s</grk>, stomach + L. <i>loqui</i> to speak.]</ety> <def>One who appears to speak from his stomach; a ventriloquist.</def>

<h1>Gastriloquous</h1>
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<hw>Gas*tril"o*quous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ventriloquous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Gastriloquy</h1>
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<hw>Gas*tril"o*quy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A voice or utterance which appears to proceed from the stomach; ventriloquy.</def>

<h1>Gastritis</h1>
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<hw>Gas*tri"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from. Gr. <?/, <?/, stomach + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the stomach, esp. of its mucuos membrane.</def>

<h1>Gastro-</h1>
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<hw>Gas"tro-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form from the Gr. <?/, <?/, the stomach, or belly; as in <i>gastro</i>colic, <i>gastro</i>cele, <i>gastro</i>tomy.</def>

<h1>Gastrocnemius</h1>
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<hw>Gas`troc*ne"mi*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ the calf of the leg.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The muscle which makes the greater part of the calf of the leg.</def>

<h1>Gastrocolic</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*col"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>colic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to both the stomach and the colon; <as>as, the <ex>gastrocolic</ex>, or great, omentum</as>.</def>

<h1>Gastrodisc</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*disc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>disc</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That part of blastoderm where the hypoblast appears like a small disk on the inner face of the epibladst.</def>

<h1>Gastroduodenal</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*du"o*de"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>-duodenal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the stomach and duodenum; <as>as, the <ex>gastroduodenal</ex> artery</as>.</def>

<h1>Gastroduodenitis</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*du`o*de*ni"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Gastroduodenal</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum. It is one of the most frequent causes of jaundice.</def>

<h1>Gastroelytrotomy</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*el`y*trot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + Gr <?/ sheath + <?/ a cutting]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of cutting into the upper part of the vagina, through the abdomen (without opening the peritoneum), for the purpose of removing a fetus. It is a substitute for the C\'91sarean operation, and less dangerous.</def>

<h1>Gastroenteric</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*en*te"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>-enteric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat. & Med.)</fld> <def>Gastrointestinal.</def>

<h1>Gastroenteritis</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*en`te*ri"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Gastroenrteric</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the lining membrane of the stomach and the intestines.</def>

<h1>Gastroepiploic</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*ep`i*plo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>-epiploic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the stomach and omentum.</def>

<h1>Gastrohepatic</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*he*pat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>-hepatic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the stomach and liver; hepatogastric; <as>as, the <ex>gastrohepatic</ex>, or lesser, omentum</as>.</def>

<h1>Gastrohysterotomy</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*hys`ter*ot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + GR. <?/ womb + <ets><?/</ets> to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>C\'91sarean section. See under <er>C\'91sarean</er>.</def>

<h1>Gastrointestinal</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*in*tes"ti*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>-intestinal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat. & Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines; gastroenteric.</def>

<h1>Gastrolith</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*lith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Crab's eyes</cref>, under <er>Crab</er>.</def>

<h1>Gastrology</h1>
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<hw>Gas*trol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr <?/; <?/, <?/, stomach + <?/ discourse: cf. F. <ets>gastrologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the structure and functions of the stomach; a treatise of the stomach.</def>

<h1>Gastromalacia</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*ma*la"ci*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, stomach + <?/ softness, fr. <?/ soft.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A softening of the coats of the stomach; -- usually a post-morten change.</def>

<h1>Gastromancy</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*man"cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gastromancy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A kind of divination, by means of words seemingly uttered from the stomach.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A species of divination, by means of glasses or other round, transparent vessels, in the center of which figures are supposed to appear by magic art.</def>

<h1>Gastromyces</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*my"ces</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, stomach + <?/, <?/, a fungus.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The fungoid growths sometimes found in the stomach; such as Torula, etc.</def>

<h1>Gastromyth</h1>
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<hw>Gas"tro*myth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to say, speak.]</ety> <def>One whose voice appears to proceed from the stomach; a ventriloquist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gastronome, Gastronomer</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gas"tro*nome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gas*tron"o*mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gastronome</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, stomach + <?/ law, <?/ to distribute.]</ety> <def>One fond of good living; an epicure.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<mhw><h1>Gastronomic, Gastronomical</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*nom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gas`tro*nom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gastronomique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to gastromony.</def>

<h1>Gastronomist</h1>
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<hw>Gas*tron"o*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gastromomer.</def>

<h1>Gastronomy</h1>
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<hw>Gas*tron"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>gastronomie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or science of good eating; epicurism; the art of good cheer.</def>

<h1>Gastrophrenic</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*phren"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>-phrenic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the stomach and diaphragm; <as>as, the <ex>gastrophrenic</ex> ligament</as>.</def>

<h1>Gastropneumatic</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*pneu*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>pneumatic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the alimentary canal and air passages, and to the cavities connected with them; <as>as, the <ex>gastropneumatic</ex> mucuos membranes</as>.</def>

<h1>Gastropod</h1>
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<hw>Gas"tro*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Gastropoda.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gasteropod</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Gastropoda</h1>
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<hw>Gas*trop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>, <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, stomach + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the classes of Mollusca, of great extent. It includes most of the marine spiral shells, and the land and fresh-water snails. They generally creep by means of a flat, muscular disk, or foot, on the ventral side of the body. The head usually bears one or two pairs of tentacles. See <er>Mollusca</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Gasteropoda</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; The Gastropoda are divided into three subclasses; viz.: (<stype>a</stype>) The Streptoneura or Dioecia, including the Pectinibranchiata, Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa, and Heteropoda. (<stype>b</stype>) The Euthyneura, including the Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia. (<stype>c</stype>) The Amphineura, including the Polyplacophora and Aplacophora.</note>

<h1>Gastropodous</h1>
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<hw>Gas*trop"o*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Gastropoda.</def>

<h1>Gastroraphy</h1>
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<hw>Gas*tror"a*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/; <?/, <?/, stomach + <?/ a sewing, fr. <?/ to sew: cf. F. <ets>gastrorrhaphie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of sewing up wounds of the abdomen.</def>

<i>Quincy.</i>

<h1>Gastroscope</h1>
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<hw>Gas"tro*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument for viewing or examining the interior of the stomach.</def>

<h1>Gastroscopic</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to gastroscopy.</def>

<h1>Gastroscopy</h1>
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<hw>Gas*tros"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Examination of the abdomen or stomach, as with the gastroscope.</def>

<h1>Gastrosplenic</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*splen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>splenic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the stomach and spleen; <as>as, the <ex>gastrosplenic</ex> ligament</as>.</def>

<h1>Gastrostege</h1>
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<hw>Gas*tros"tege</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ roof.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the large scales on the belly of a serpent.</def>

<h1>Gastrostomy</h1>
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<hw>Gas*tros"to*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of making a permanent opening into the stomach, for the introduction of food.</def>

<h1>Gastrotomy</h1>
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<hw>Gas*trot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gastro</ets> + Gr. <?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>gastrotomie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A cutting into, or opening of, the abdomen or the stomach.</def>

<h1>Gastrotricha</h1>
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<hw>Gas*trot"ri*cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>, <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ belly + <?/, <?/, hair.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of small wormlike animals, having cilia on the ventral side. The group is regarded as an ancestral or synthetic one, related to rotifers and annelids.</def>

<h1>Gastrotrocha</h1>
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<hw>Gas*trot"ro*cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, stomach + <?/ a wheel.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A form of annelid larva having cilia on the ventral side.</def>

<h1>Gastrovascular</h1>
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<hw>Gas`tro*vas"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gastro-</ets> + <ets>-vascular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the structure, or performing the functions, both of digestive and circulatory organs; <as>as, the <ex>gastrovascular</ex> cavity of c&oe;lenterates</as>.</def>

<h1>Gastrula</h1>
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<hw>Gas"tru*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl</plu>. <plw>Gastrul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[NL., dim. fr. Gr. <?/ the stomach.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An embryonic form having its origin in the invagination or pushing in of the wall of the planula or blastula (the <i>blastosphere</i>) on one side, thus giving rise to a double-walled sac, with one opening or mouth (the <i>blastopore</i>) which leads into the cavity (the <i>archenteron</i>) lined by the inner wall (the <i>hypoblast</i>). See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Invagination</er>. In a more general sense, an ideal stage in embryonic development. See <er>Gastr\'91a</er>.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a gastrula.</def></def2>

<hr>
<page="615">
Page 615<p>

<h1>Gastrulation</h1>
<Xpage=615>

<hw>Gas`tru*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The process of invagination, in embryonic development, by which a gastrula is formed.</def>

<h1>Gastrura</h1>
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<hw>Gas*tru"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ belly + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Stomatopoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Gastrurous</h1>
<Xpage=615>

<hw>Gas*tru"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Gastrura.</def>

<h1>Gat</h1>
<Xpage=615>

<hw>Gat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Get</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gate</h1>
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<hw>Gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <?/<ets>et</ets>, <ets><?/eat</ets>, <ets>giat</ets>, gate, door, AS. <ets>geat</ets>, <ets>gat</ets>, gate, door; akin to OS., D., & Icel. <ets>gat</ets> opening, hole, and perh. to E. <ets>gate</ets> a way, <ets>gait</ets>, and <ets>get</ets>, v. Cf. <er>Gate</er> a way in the wall, 3d <er>Get</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large door or passageway in the wall of a city, of an inclosed field or place, or of a grand edifice, etc.; also, the movable structure of timber, metal, etc., by which the passage can be closed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An opening for passage in any inclosing wall, fence, or barrier; or the suspended framework which closes or opens a passage. Also, figuratively, a means or way of entrance or of exit.</def>

<blockquote>Knowest thou the way to Dover?
Both stile and <b>gate</b>, horse way and footpath.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Opening a <b>gate</b> for a long war.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A door, valve, or other device, for stopping the passage of water through a dam, lock, pipe, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>The places which command the entrances or access; hence, place of vantage; power; might.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>gates</b> of hell shall not prevail against it.
<i>Matt. xvi. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>In a lock tumbler, the opening for the stump of the bolt to pass through or into.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The channel or opening through which metal is poured into the mold; the ingate.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The waste piece of metal cast in the opening; a sprue or sullage piece.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>geat</asp> and <asp>git</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Gate chamber</col>, <cd>a recess in the side wall of a canal lock, which receives the opened gate.</cd> -- <col>Gate channel</col>. <cd>See <er>Gate</er>, 5.</cd> -- <col>Gate hook</col>, <cd>the hook-formed piece of a gate hinge.</cd> -- <col>Gate money</col>, <cd>entrance money for admission to an inclosure.</cd> -- <col>Gate tender</col>, <cd>one in charge of a gate, as at a railroad crossing.</cd> -- <col>Gate valva</col>, <cd>a stop valve for a pipe, having a sliding gate which affords a straight passageway when open.</cd> -- <col>Gate vein</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the portal vein.</cd> -- <col>To break gates</col> <fld>(Eng. Univ.)</fld>, <cd>to enter a college inclosure after the hour to which a student has been restricted.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To stand in the</col> <col>gate, &or; gates</col></mcol>, <cd>to occupy places or advantage, power, or defense.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gate</h1>
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<hw>Gate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To supply with a gate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>(Eng. Univ.) To punish by requiring to be within the gates at an earlier hour than usual.</def>

<h1>Gate</h1>
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<hw>Gate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>gata</ets>; akin to SW. <ets>gata</ets> street, lane, Dan. <ets>gade</ets>, Goth. <ets>gatw\'94</ets>, G. <ets>gasse</ets>. Cf. <er>Gate</er> a door, <er>Gait</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A way; a path; a road; a street (as in High<i>gate</i>).</def> <mark>[O. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>I was going to be an honest man; but the devil has this very day flung first a lawyer, and then a woman, in my <b>gate</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Manner; gait.</def> <mark>[O. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Gated</h1>
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<hw>Gat"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having gates.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Gatehouse</h1>
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<hw>Gate"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house connected or associated with a gate.</def>

<h1>Gateless</h1>
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<hw>Gate"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no gate.</def>

<h1>Gateman</h1>
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<hw>Gate"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gate keeper; a gate tender.</def>

<h1>Gatepost</h1>
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<hw>Gate"post`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A post to which a gate is hung; -- called also <altname>swinging &or; hinging post</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A post against which a gate closes; -- called also <altname>shutting post</altname>.</def>

<h1>Gateway</h1>
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<hw>Gate"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A passage through a fence or wall; a gate; also, a frame, arch, etc., in which a gate in hung, or a structure at an entrance or gate designed for ornament or defense.</def>

<h1>Gatewise</h1>
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<hw>Gate"wise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a gate.</def>

<blockquote>Three circles of stones set up <b>gatewise</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gather</h1>
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<hw>Gath"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gathered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gathering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gaderen</ets>, AS. <ets>gaderian</ets>, <ets>gadrian</ets>, fr. <ets>gador</ets>, <ets>geador</ets>, together, fr. <ets>g\'91d</ets> fellowship; akin to E. <ets>good</ets>, D. <ets>gaderen</ets> to collect, G. <ets>gatte</ets> husband, MHG. <ets>gate</ets>, also companion, Goth. <ets>gadiliggs</ets> a sister's son. &root;29. See <er>Good</er>, and cf. <er>Together</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring together; to collect, as a number of separate things, into one place, or into one aggregate body; to assemble; to muster; to congregate.</def>

<blockquote>And Belgium's capital had <b>gathered</b> them
Her beauty and her chivalry.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When he had <b>gathered</b> all the chief priests and scribes of the people together.
<i>Matt. ii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pick out and bring together from among what is of less value; to collect, as a harvest; to harvest; to cull; to pick off; to pluck.</def>

<blockquote>A rose just <b>gathered</b> from the stalk.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Do men <b>gather</b> grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles?
<i>Matt. vii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Gather</b> us from among the heathen.
<i>Ps. cvi. 47.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To accumulate by collecting and saving little by little; to amass; to gain; to heap up.</def>

<blockquote>He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he shall <b>gather</b> it for him that will pity the poor.
<i>Prov. xxviii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To pay the creditor . . . he must <b>gather</b> up money by degrees.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To bring closely together the parts or particles of; to contract; to compress; to bring together in folds or plaits, as a garment; also, to draw together, as a piece of cloth by a thread; to pucker; to plait; <as>as, to <ex>gather</ex> a ruffle</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Gathering</b> his flowing robe, he seemed to stand
In act to speak, and graceful stretched his hand.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To derive, or deduce, as an inference; to collect, as a conclusion, from circumstances that suggest, or arguments that prove; to infer; to conclude.</def>

<blockquote>Let me say no more<?/
<b>Gather</b> the sequel by that went before.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To gain; to win.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He <b>gathers</b> ground upon her in the chase.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>To bring together, or nearer together, in masonry, as where the width of a fireplace is rapidly diminished to the width of the flue, or the like.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To haul in; to take up; <as>as, to <ex>gather</ex> the slack of a rope</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To be gathered</col> <col>to one's people, &or; to one's fathers</col></mcol> <cd>to die. <i>Gen. xxv. 8</i>.</cd> -- <col>To gather breath</col>, <cd>to recover normal breathing after being out of breath; to get breath; to rest. <i>Spenser</i>.</cd> -- <col>To gather one's self together</col>, <cd>to collect and dispose one's powers for a great effort, as a beast crouches preparatory to a leap.</cd> -- <col>To gather way</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to begin to move; to move with increasing speed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gather</h1>
<Xpage=615>

<hw>Gath"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come together; to collect; to unite; to become assembled; to congregate.</def>

<blockquote>When small humors <b>gather</b> to a gout.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Tears from the depth of some divine despair
Rise in the heart, and <b>gather</b> to the eyes.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grow larger by accretion; to increase.</def>

<blockquote>Their snowball did not <b>gather</b> as it went.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To concentrate; to come to a head, as a sore, and generate pus; <as>as, a boil has <ex>gathered</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To collect or bring things together.</def>

<blockquote>Thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and <b>gather</b> where I have not strewed.
<i>Matt. xxv. 26.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gather</h1>
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<hw>Gath"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A plait or fold in cloth, made by drawing a thread through it; a pucker.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Carriage Making)</fld> <def>The inclination forward of the axle journals to keep the wheels from working outward.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The soffit or under surface of the masonry required in <i>gathering</i>. See <er>Gather</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 7.</def>

<h1>Gatherable</h1>
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<hw>Gath"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being gathered or collected; deducible from premises.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Godwin.</i>

<h1>Gatherer</h1>
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<hw>Gath"er*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who gathers or collects.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Sewing Machine)</fld> <def>An attachment for making gathers in the cloth.</def>

<h1>Gathering</h1>
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<hw>Gath"er*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of collecting or bringing together.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is gathered, collected, or brought together</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A crowd; an assembly; a congregation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A charitable contribution; a collection.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A tumor or boil suppurated or maturated; an abscess.</def>

<h1>Gathering</h1>
<Xpage=615>

<hw>Gath"er*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Assembling; collecting; used for gathering or concentrating.</def>

<cs><col>Gathering board</col> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld>, <cd>a table or board on which signatures are gathered or assembled, to form a book.</cd> <i>Knight</i>. -- <col>Gathering coal</col>, <cd>a lighted coal left smothered in embers over night, about which kindling wood is gathered in the morning.</cd> -- <col>Gathering hoop</col>, <cd>a hoop used by coopers to draw together the ends of barrel staves, to allow the hoops to be slipped over them.</cd> -- <col>Gathering peat</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A piece of peat used as a gathering coal, to preserve a fire.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In Scotland, a fiery peat which was sent round by the Borderers as an alarm signal, as the fiery cross was by the Highlanders.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gatling gun</h1>
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<hw>Gat"ling gun`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[From the inventor, R.J. <ets>Gatling</ets>.]</ety> <def>An American machine gun, consisting of a cluster of barrels which, being revolved by a crank, are automatically loaded and fired.</def>

<note>&hand; The improved <i>Gatling gun</i> can be fired at the rate of 1,200 shots per minute.</note>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Gatten tree</h1>
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<hw>Gat"ten tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Cf. Prov. E. <ets>gatter bush</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to the small trees called guelder-rose (<spn>Viburnum Opulus</spn>), cornel (<spn>Cornus sanguinea</spn>), and spindle tree (<spn>Euonymus Europ\'91us</spn>).</def>

<h1>Gat-toothed</h1>
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<hw>Gat"-toothed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gat</ets> goat + <ets>tooth</ets>. See <er>Goat</er> the animal.]</ety> <def>Goat-toothed; having a lickerish tooth; lustful; wanton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gauche</h1>
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<hw>Gauche</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Left handed; hence, awkward; clumsy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Winding; twisted; warped; -- applied to curves and surfaces.</def>

<h1>Gaucherie</h1>
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<hw>Gauche`rie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>An awkward action; clumsiness; boorishness.</def>

<h1>Gaucho</h1>
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<hw>Gau"cho</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <plu>pl. <plw>Gauchos</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>On of the native inhabitants of the pampas, of Spanish-American descent. They live mostly by rearing cattle.</def>

<h1>Gaud</h1>
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<hw>Gaud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gaude</ets> jest, trick, <ets>gaudi</ets> bead of a rosary, fr. L. <ets>gaudium</ets> joy, gladness. See <er>Joy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Trick; jest; sport.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deceit; fraud; artifice; device.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An ornament; a piece of worthless finery; a trinket.</def> "An idle <i>gaud</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gaud</h1>
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<hw>Gaud</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. se <ets>gaudir</ets> to rejoice, fr. L. <ets>gaudere</ets>. See <er>Gaud</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To sport or keep festival.</def>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Gauding</i> with his familiars. " <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. North.</i>

<h1>Gaud</h1>
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<hw>Gaud</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gauded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gauding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bedeck gaudily; to decorate with gauds or showy trinkets or colors; to paint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Nicely <i>gauded</i> cheeks."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gaud-day</h1>
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<hw>Gaud"-day`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gaudy</er>, a feast.</def>

<h1>Gaudery</h1>
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<hw>Gaud"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Finery; ornaments; ostentatious display.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Tarnished <i>gaudery</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Gaudful</h1>
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<hw>Gaud"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Joyful; showy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gaudily</h1>
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<hw>Gaud"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a gaudy manner.</def>

<i>Guthrie.</i>

<h1>Gaudiness</h1>
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<hw>Gaud"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being gaudy.</def>

<i>Whitlock.</i>

<h1>Gaudish</h1>
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<hw>Gaud"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gaudy.</def> "<i>Gaudish</i> ceremonies."

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Gaudless</h1>
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<hw>Gaud"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of ornament.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Gaudy</h1>
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<hw>Gaud"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Gaudier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Gauidiest</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ostentatiously fine; showy; gay, but tawdry or meretricious.</def>

<blockquote>Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy,
But not expressed in fancy; rich, not <b>gaudy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gay; merry; festal.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>Let's have one other <b>gaudy</b> night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gaudy</h1>
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<hw>Gaud"y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gaudies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu> <ety>[See <er>Gaud</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>One of the large beads in the rosary at which the paternoster is recited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Gaudy</h1>
<Xpage=615>

<hw>Gaud"y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A feast or festival; -- called also <altname>gaud-day</altname> and <altname>gaudy day</altname>.</def> <mark>[Oxford Univ.]</mark>

<i>Conybeare.</i>

<h1>Gaudygreen</h1>
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<hw>Gaud"y*green`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. &or; n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gaude grene</ets>.]</ety> <def>Light green.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Gauffer</h1>
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<hw>Gauf"fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gaufrer</ets> to figure cloth, velvet, and other stuffs, fr. <ets>gaufre</ets> honeycomb, waffle; of German origin. See <er>Waffle</er>, <er>Wafer</er>, and cf. <er>Goffer</er>, <er>Gopher</er> an animal.]</ety> <def>To plait, crimp, or flute; to goffer, as lace. See <er>Goffer</er>.</def>

<h1>Gauffering</h1>
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<hw>Gauf"fer*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mode of plaiting or fluting.</def>

<cs><col>Gauffering iron</col>, <cd>a kind of fluting iron for fabrics.</cd> -- <col>Gauffering press</col> <fld>(Flower Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a press for crimping the leaves and petals into shape.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gauffre</h1>
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<hw>Gauf"fre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gopher</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A gopher, esp. the pocket gopher.</def>

<h1>Gauge</h1>
<Xpage=615>

<hw>Gauge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gauged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gauging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>gaugier</ets>, F. <ets>jauger</ets>, cf. OF. <ets>gauge</ets> gauge, measuring rod, F. <ets>jauge</ets>; of uncertain origin; perh. fr. an assumed L. <ets>qualificare</ets> to determine the qualities of a thing (see <er>Qualify</er>); but cf. also F. <ets>jalon</ets> a measuring stake in surveying, and E. <ets>gallon</ets>.]</ety> <def</def>><altsp>[Written also <asp>gage</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To measure or determine with a gauge.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To measure or to ascertain the contents or the capacity of, as of a pipe, barrel, or keg.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>To measure the dimensions of, or to test the accuracy of the form of, as of a part of a gunlock.</def>

<blockquote>The vanes nicely <b>gauged</b> on each side.
<i>Derham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To draw into equidistant gathers by running a thread through it, as cloth or a garment.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To measure the capacity, character, or ability of; to estimate; to judge of.</def>

<blockquote>You shall not <b>gauge</b> me
By what we do to-night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gauge</h1>
<Xpage=615>

<hw>Gauge</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>gage</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard.</def>

<blockquote>This plate must be a <b>gauge</b> to file your worm and groove to equal breadth by.
<i>Moxon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is not in our hands any fixed <b>gauge</b> of minds.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Measure; dimensions; estimate.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>gauge</b> and dimensions of misery, depression, and contempt.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mach. & Manuf.)</fld> <def>Any instrument for ascertaining or regulating the dimensions or forms of things; a templet or template; <as>as, a button maker's <ex>gauge</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Any instrument or apparatus for measuring the state of a phenomenon, or for ascertaining its numerical elements at any moment; -- usually applied to some particular instrument; <as>as, a rain <ex>gauge</ex>; a steam <ex>gauge</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Relative positions of two or more vessels with reference to the wind; <as>as, a vessel has the weather <ex>gauge</ex> of another when on the windward side of it, and the lee <ex>gauge</ex> when on the lee side of it</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The depth to which a vessel sinks in the water.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The distance between the rails of a railway.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>standard gauge</i> of railroads in most countries is four feet, eight and one half inches. <i>Wide</i>, or <i>broad</i>, <i>gauge</i>, in the United States, is six feet; in England, seven feet, and generally any gauge exceeding standard gauge. Any gauge less than standard gauge is now called <i>narrow gauge</i>. It varies from two feet to three feet six inches.</note>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Plastering)</fld> <def>The quantity of plaster of Paris used with common plaster to accelerate its setting.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Building)</fld> <def>That part of a shingle, slate, or tile, which is exposed to the weather, when laid; also, one course of such shingles, slates, or tiles.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Gauge of a carriage</col>, <col>car</col></mcol>, <cd>etc., the distance between the wheels; -- ordinarily called the <i>track<i>.</cd> -- <col>Gauge cock</col>, <cd>a stop cock used as a try cock for ascertaining the height of the water level in a steam boiler.</cd> -- <col>Gauge concussion</col> <fld>(Railroads)</fld>, <cd>the jar caused by a car-wheel flange striking the edge of the rail.</cd> -- <col>Gauge glass</col>, <cd>a glass tube for a water gauge.</cd> -- <col>Gauge lathe</col>, <cd>an automatic lathe for turning a round object having an irregular profile, as a baluster or chair round, to a templet or gauge.</cd> -- <col>Gauge point</col>, <cd>the diameter of a cylinder whose altitude is one inch, and contents equal to that of a unit of a given measure; -- a term used in gauging casks, etc.</cd> -- <col>Gauge rod</col>, <cd>a graduated rod, for measuring the capacity of barrels, casks, etc.</cd> -- <col>Gauge saw</col>, <cd>a handsaw, with a gauge to regulate the depth of cut. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Gauge stuff</col>, <cd>a stiff and compact plaster, used in making cornices, moldings, etc., by means of a templet.</cd> -- <col>Gauge wheel</col>, <cd>a wheel at the forward end of a plow beam, to determine the depth of the furrow.</cd> -- <col>Joiner's gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument used to strike a line parallel to the straight side of a board, etc.</cd> -- <col>Printer's gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument to regulate the length of the page.</cd> -- <col>Rain gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring the quantity of rain at any given place.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Salt gauge</col>, or <col>Brine gauge</col></mcol>, <cd>an instrument or contrivance for indicating the degree of saltness of water from its specific gravity, as in the boilers of ocean steamers.</cd> -- <col>Sea gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument for finding the depth of the sea.</cd> -- <col>Siphon gauge</col>, <cd>a glass siphon tube, partly filled with mercury, -- used to indicate pressure, as of steam, or the degree of rarefaction produced in the receiver of an air pump or other vacuum; a manometer.</cd> -- <col>Sliding gauge</col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A templet or pattern for gauging the commonly accepted dimensions or shape of certain parts in general use, as screws, railway-car axles, etc.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A gauge used only for testing other similar gauges, and preserved as a reference, to detect wear of the working gauges.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Railroads)</fld> <cd>See Note under <er>Gauge</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</cd> -- <col>Star gauge</col> <fld>(Ordnance)</fld>, <cd>an instrument for measuring the diameter of the bore of a cannon at any point of its length.</cd> -- <col>Steam gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring the pressure of steam, as in a boiler.</cd> -- <col>Tide gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument for determining the height of the tides.</cd> -- <col>Vacuum gauge</col>, <cd>a species of barometer for determining the relative elasticities of the vapor in the condenser of a steam engine and the air.</cd> -- <col>Water gauge</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A contrivance for indicating the height of a water surface, as in a steam boiler; as by a gauge cock or glass.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The height of the water in the boiler.</cd> -- <col>Wind gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring the force of the wind on any given surface; an anemometer.</cd> -- <col>Wire gauge</col>, <cd>a gauge for determining the diameter of wire or the thickness of sheet metal; also, a standard of size. See under <er>Wire</er>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="616">
Page 616<p>

<h1>Gaugeable</h1>
<Xpage=616>

<hw>Gauge"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being gauged.</def>

<h1>Gauged</h1>
<Xpage=616>

<hw>Gauged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Tested or measured by, or conformed to, a gauge.</def>

<cs><col>Gauged brick</col>, <cd>brick molded, rubbed, or cut to an exact size and shape, for arches or ornamental work.</cd> -- <col>Gauged mortar</col>. <cd>See <cref>Gauge stuff</cref>, under <er>Gauge</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Gauger</h1>
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<hw>Gau"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gauges; an officer whose business it is to ascertain the contents of casks.</def>

<h1>Gauger-ship</h1>
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<hw>Gau"ger-ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a gauger.</def>

<h1>Gauging rod</h1>
<Xpage=616>

<hw>Gau"ging rod`</hw>. <def>See <er>Gauge rod</er>, under <er>Gauge</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Gaul</h1>
<Xpage=616>

<hw>Gaul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>Gaule</ets>, fr. L. <ets>Gallia</ets>, fr. <ets>Gallus</ets> a Gaul.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The Anglicized form of <i>Gallia</i>, which in the time of the Romans included France and Upper Italy (Transalpine and Cisalpine Gaul).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of Gaul.</def>

<h1>Gaulish</h1>
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<hw>Gaul"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to ancient France, or Gaul; Gallic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Gault</h1>
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<hw>Gault</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Norw. <ets>gald</ets> hard ground, Icel. <ets>gald</ets> hard snow.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A series of beds of clay and marl in the South of England, between the upper and lower greensand of the Cretaceous period.</def>

<h1>Gaultheria</h1>
<Xpage=616>

<hw>Gaul*the"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of ericaceous shrubs with evergreen foliage, and, often, edible berries. It includes the American winter-green (<spn>Gaultheria procumbens</spn>), and the larger-fruited salal of Northwestern America (<spn>Gaultheria Shallon</spn>).</def>

<h1>Gaunt</h1>
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<hw>Gaunt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Norw. <ets>gand</ets> a thin pointed stick, a tall and thin man, and W. <ets>gwan</ets> weak.]</ety> <def>Attenuated, as with fasting or suffering; lean; meager; pinched and grim.</def> "The <i>gaunt</i> mastiff."

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>A mysterious but visible pestilence, striding <b>gaunt</b> and fleshless across our land.
<i>Nichols.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gauntlet</h1>
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<hw>Gaunt"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gantlet</er>.</def>

<h1>Gauntlet</h1>
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<hw>Gaunt"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gantelet</ets>, dim. of <ets>gant</ets> glove, LL. <ets>wantus</ets>, of Teutonic origin; cf. D. <ets>want</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>vante</ets>, Icel. <ets>v\'94ttr</ets>, for <ets>vantr</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A glove of such material that it defends the hand from wounds.</def>

<note>&hand; The gauntlet of the Middle Ages was sometimes of chain mail, sometimes of leather partly covered with plates, scales, etc., of metal sewed to it, and, in the 14th century, became a glove of small steel plates, carefully articulated and covering the whole hand except the palm and the inside of the fingers.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A long glove, covering the wrist.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope on which hammocks or clothes are hung for drying.</def>

<cs><col>To take up the gauntlet</col>, <cd>to accept a challenge.</cd> -- <col>To throw down the gauntlet</col>, <cd>to offer or send a challenge. The gauntlet or glove was thrown down by the knight challenging, and was taken up by the one who accepted the challenge; -- hence the phrases.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gauntletted</h1>
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<hw>Gaunt"lett*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing a gauntlet.</def>

<h1>Gauntly</h1>
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<hw>Gaunt"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a gaunt manner; meagerly.</def>

<h1>Gauntree, Gauntry</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gaun"tree</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gaun"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>chantier</ets>, LL. <ets>cantarium</ets>, fr. L. <ets>canterius</ets> trellis, sort of frame.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A frame for supporting barrels in a cellar or elsewhere.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>A scaffolding or frame carrying a crane or other structure.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Gaur</h1>
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<hw>Gaur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An East Indian species of wild cattle (<spn>Bibos gauris</spn>), of large size and an untamable disposition.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>gour</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Gaure</h1>
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<hw>Gaure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To gaze; to stare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gauze</h1>
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<hw>Gauze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gaze</ets>; so called because it was first introduced from Gaza, a city of Palestine.]</ety> <def>A very thin, slight, transparent stuff, generally of silk; also, any fabric resembling silk gauze; <as>as, wire <ex>gauze</ex>; cotton <ex>gauze</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>Gauze dresser</col>, <cd>one employed in stiffening gauze.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gauze</h1>
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<hw>Gauze</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the qualities of gauze; thin; light; <as>as, <ex>gauze</ex> merino underclothing</as>.</def>

<h1>Gauziness</h1>
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<hw>Gauz"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being gauzy; flimsiness.</def>

<i>Ruskin.</i>

<h1>Gauzy</h1>
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<hw>Gauz"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, gauze; thin and slight as gauze.</def>

<h1>Gave</h1>
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<hw>Gave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Give</er>.</def>

<h1>Gavel</h1>
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<hw>Gav"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gable.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Gavel</h1>
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<hw>Gav"el</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>gavelle</ets>, F. <ets>javelle</ets>, prob. dim. from L. <ets>capulus</ets> handle, fr. <ets>capere</ets> to lay hold of, seize; or cf. W. <ets>gafael</ets> hold, grasp. Cf. <er>Heave</er>.]</ety> <def>A small heap of grain, not tied up into a bundle.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Gavel</h1>
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<hw>Gav"el</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The mallet of the presiding officer in a legislative body, public assembly, court, masonic body, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mason's setting maul.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Gavel</h1>
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<hw>Gav"el</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>gavel</ets>, AS. <ets>gafol</ets>, prob. fr. <ets>gifan</ets> to give. See <er>Give</er>, and cf. <er>Gabel</er> tribute.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Tribute; toll; custom. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Gabel</er>.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Gavelet</h1>
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<hw>Gav"el*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Gavel</er> tribute.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>An ancient special kind of <i>cessavit</i> used in Kent and London for the recovery of rent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gavelkind</h1>
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<hw>Gav"el*kind`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gavelkynde</ets>, <ets>gavelkende</ets>. See <er>Gavel</er> tribute, and <er>Kind</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A tenure by which land descended from the father to all his sons in equal portions, and the land of a brother, dying without issue, descended equally to his brothers. It still prevails in the county of Kent.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Gaveloche</h1>
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<hw>Gav"e*loche</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Gavelock</er>.</def>

<h1>Gavelock</h1>
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<hw>Gav"e*lock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gaveloc</ets> a dart, AS. <ets>gafeluc</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>gaflok</ets>, MHG. <ets>gabil<?/t</ets>, OF. <ets>gavelot</ets>, <ets>glavelot</ets>, F. <ets>javelot</ets>, Ir. <ets>gabhla</ets> spear, W. <ets>gaflach</ets> fork, dart, E. <ets>glave</ets>, <ets>gaff</ets>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A spear or dart.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An iron crow or lever.</def> <mark>[Scot. & North of Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Gaverick</h1>
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<hw>Ga"ver*ick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European red gurnard (<spn>Trigla cuculus</spn>).</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Gavi\'91</h1>
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<hw>Ga"vi\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>gavia</ets> a sea mew.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of birds which includes the gulls and terns.</def>

<h1>Gavial</h1>
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<hw>Ga"vi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>ghariu<?/l</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gavial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large Asiatic crocodilian (<spn>Gavialis Gangeticus</spn>); -- called also <altname>nako</altname>, and <altname>Gangetic crocodile</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>gavial</i> has a long, slender muzzle, teeth of nearly uniform size, and feet completely webbed. It inhabits the Ganges and other rivers of India. The name is also applied to several allied fossil species.</note>

<h1>Gavot</h1>
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<hw>Gav"ot</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gavotte</ets>, fr. <ets>Gavots</ets>, a people inhabiting a mountainous district in France, called <ets>Gap</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A kind of difficult dance; a dance tune, the air of which has two brisk and lively, yet dignified, strains in common time, each played twice over.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gavotte</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Gawby</h1>
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<hw>Gaw"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A baby; a dunce.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Gawk</h1>
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<hw>Gawk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gok</ets>, <ets>gowk</ets>, cuckoo, fool, Icel. <ets>gaukr</ets> cuckoo; akin to OHG. <ets>gouh</ets>, G. <ets>gauch</ets> cuckoo, fool, AS. <ets>g\'82ac</ets> cuckoo, Sw. <ets>g\'94k</ets>, Dan. <ets>gi\'94g</ets>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cuckoo.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A simpleton; a booby; a gawky.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Gawk</h1>
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<hw>Gawk</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act like a gawky.</def>

<h1>Gawky</h1>
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<hw>Gawk"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Gawkier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Gawkiest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Foolish and awkward; clumsy; clownish; <as>as, <ex>gawky</ex> behavior</as>. -- <tt>n.</tt> A fellow who is awkward from being overgrown, or from stupidity, a gawk.</def>

<h1>Gawn</h1>
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<hw>Gawn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>gallon</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small tub or lading vessel.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Gawntree</h1>
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<hw>Gawn"tree</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gauntree</er>.</def>

<h1>Gay</h1>
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<hw>Gay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Gayer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Gayest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>gai</ets>, perhaps fr. OHG. <ets>g<?/hi</ets> swift, rapid, G. <ets>g\'84h</ets>, <ets>j\'84h</ets>, steep, hasty; or cf. OHG. <ets>w<?/hi</ets> beatiful, good. Cf. <er>Jay</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Excited with merriment; manifesting sportiveness or delight; inspiring delight; livery; merry.</def>

<blockquote>Belinda smiled, and all the world was <b>gay</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Gay</b> hope is theirs by fancy fed.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Brilliant in colors; splendid; fine; richly dressed.</def>

<blockquote>Why is my neighbor's wife so <b>gay</b>?
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A bevy of fair women, richly <b>gay</b>
In gems and wanton dress<?/
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Loose; dissipated; lewd.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Merry; gleeful; blithe; airy; lively; sprightly, sportive; light-hearted; frolicsome; jolly; jovial; joyous; joyful; glad; showy; splendid; vivacious.</syn>

<h1>Gay</h1>
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<hw>Gay</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An ornament</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Gayal</h1>
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<hw>Gay"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Southern Asiatic species of wild cattle (<spn>Bibos frontalis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Gaydiang</h1>
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<hw>Gay"di*ang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel of Anam, with two or three masts, lofty triangular sails, and in construction somewhat resembling a Chinese junk.</def>

<h1>Gayety</h1>
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<hw>Gay"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gayeties</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <altsp>[Written also <asp>gaiety</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[F. <ets>gaiet\'82</ets>. See <er>Gay</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being gay; merriment; mirth; acts or entertainments prompted by, or inspiring, merry delight; -- used often in the plural; <as>as, the <ex>gayeties</ex> of the season</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Finery; show; <as>as, the <ex>gayety</ex> of dress</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Liveliness; mirth; animation; vivacity; glee; blithesomeness; sprightliness; jollity. See <er>Liveliness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Gaylus-site</h1>
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<hw>Gay"lus-site`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after <ets>Gay-Lussac</ets>, the French chemist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A yellowish white, translucent mineral, consisting of the carbonates of lime and soda, with water.</def>

<h1>Gayly</h1>
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<hw>Gay"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With mirth and frolic; merrily; blithely; gleefully.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Finely; splendidly; showily; <as>as, ladies <ex>gayly</ex> dressed; a flower <ex>gayly</ex> blooming.</as></def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Gayne</h1>
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<hw>Gayne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gain</er>.]</ety> <def>To avail.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gayness</h1>
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<hw>Gay"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Gayety; finery.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Gaysome</h1>
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<hw>Gay"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of gayety. <i>Mir</i>. <i>for Mag</i>.</def>

<h1>Gaytre</h1>
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<hw>Gay"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gaitre</er>.]</ety> <def>The dogwood tree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gaze</h1>
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<hw>Gaze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gazed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gazing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gasen</ets>, akin to dial. Sw. <ets>gasa</ets>, cf. Goth. us-<ets>gaisjan</ets> to terrify, us-<ets>geisnan</ets> to be terrified. Cf. <er>Aghast</er>, <er>Ghastly</er>, <er>Ghost</er>, <er>Hesitate</er>.]</ety> <def>To fixx the eyes in a steady and earnest look; to look with eagerness or curiosity, as in admiration, astonishment, or with studious attention.</def>

<blockquote>Why stand ye <b>gazing</b> up into heaven?
<i>Acts i. 11.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To gape; stare; look.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Gaze</er>, <er>Gape</er>, <er>Stare</er>. To <i>gaze</i> is to look with fixed and prolonged attention, awakened by excited interest or elevated emotion; to <i>gape</i> is to look fixedly, with open mouth and feelings of ignorant wonder; to <i>stare</i> is to look with the fixedness of insolence or of idiocy. The lover of nature <i>gazes</i> with delight on the beauties of the landscape; the rustic <i>gapes</i> with wonder at the strange sights of a large city; the idiot <i>stares</i> on those around with a vacant look.</usage>

<h1>Gaze</h1>
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<hw>Gaze</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To view with attention; to gaze on .</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>And <b>gazed</b> a while the ample sky.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gaze</h1>
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<hw>Gaze</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fixed look; a look of eagerness, wonder, or admiration; a continued look of attention.</def>

<blockquote>With secret <b>gaze</b>
Or open admiration him behold.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The object gazed on.</def>

<blockquote>Made of my enemies the scorn and <b>gaze</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>At gaze</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <cd>With the face turned directly to the front; -- said of the figures of the stag, hart, buck, or hind, when borne, in this position, upon an escutcheon.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In a position expressing sudden fear or surprise; -- a term used in stag hunting to describe the manner of a stag when he first hears the hounds and gazes round in apprehension of some hidden danger; hence, standing agape; idly or stupidly gazing.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>I that rather held it better men should perish one by one,
Than that earth should stand at <b>gaze</b> like Joshua's moon in Ajalon!
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gazeebo</h1>
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<hw>Ga*zee"bo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Humorously formed from <ets>gaze</ets>.]</ety> <def>A summerhouse so situated as to command an extensive prospect.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Gazeful</h1>
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<hw>Gaze"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gazing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Gazehound</h1>
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<hw>Gaze"hound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hound that pursues by the sight rather than by the scent.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Gazel</h1>
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<hw>Ga"zel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The black currant; also, the wild plum.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Gazel</h1>
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<hw>Ga*zel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gazelle</er>.</def>

<h1>Gazelle</h1>
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<hw>Ga*zelle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gazelle</ets>, OF. also, <ets>gazel</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>gacela</ets>, Pr. <ets>gazella</ets>, It. <ets>gazella</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>ghaz<?/l</ets> a wild goat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several small, swift, elegantly formed species of antelope, of the genus <spn>Gazella</spn>, esp. <spn>G. dorcas</spn>; -- called also <altname>algazel</altname>, <altname>corinne</altname>, <altname>korin</altname>, and <altname>kevel</altname>. The gazelles are celebrated for the luster and soft expression of their eyes.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gazel</asp>.]</altsp>

<-- subtypes -->
<note>&hand; The common species of Northern Africa (<spn>Gazella dorcas</spn>); the Arabian gazelle, or ariel (<spn>G. Arabica</spn>); the mohr of West Africa (<spn>G. mohr</spn>); the Indian (<spn>G. Bennetti</spn>); the <stype>ahu</stype> or Persian (<spn>G. subgutturosa</spn>); and the springbok or tsebe (<spn>G. euchore</spn>) of South Africa, are the best known.</note>

<h1>Gazement</h1>
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<hw>Gaze"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>View.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Gazer</h1>
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<hw>Gaz"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gazes.</def>

<h1>Gazet</h1>
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<hw>Ga*zet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.. <ets>gazeta</ets>, <ets>gazzetta</ets>, prob. dim. of L. <ets>gaza</ets> royal treasure.]</ety> <def>A Venetian coin, worth about three English farthings, or one and a half cents.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gazette</h1>
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<hw>Ga*zette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gazette</ets>, It. <ets>gazzetta</ets>, perh. from <ets>gazetta</ets> a Venetian coin (see <er>Gazet</er>), said to have been the price of the first newspaper published at Venice; or perh. dim. of <ets>gazza</ets> magpie, a name perh. applied to the first newspaper; cf. OHG. <ets>agalstra</ets> magpie, G. <ets>elster</ets>.]</ety> <def>A newspaper; a printed sheet published periodically; esp., the official journal published by the British government, and containing legal and state notices.</def>

<h1>Gazette</h1>
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<hw>Ga*zette"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gazetted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gazetting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To announce or publish in a gazette; to announce officially, as an appointment, or a case of bankruptcy.</def>

<h1>Gazetteer</h1>
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<hw>Gaz`et*teer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gazetier</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A writer of news, or an officer appointed to publish news by authority.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A newspaper; a gazette.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A geographical dictionary; a book giving the names and descriptions, etc., of many places.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An alphabetical descriptive list of anything.</def>

<h1>Gazingstock</h1>
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<hw>Gaz"ing*stock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person or thing gazed at with scorn or abhorrence; an object of curiosity or contempt.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Gazogene</h1>
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<hw>Gaz"o*gene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gazog\'8ane</ets>; <ets>gaz</ets> gas + <ets>-g\'8ane</ets>, E. <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <def>A portable apparatus for making soda water or a\'89rated liquids on a small scale.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Gazon</h1>
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<hw>Ga*zon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gazon</ets> turf, fr. OHG. <ets>waso</ets>, G. <ets>wasen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>One of the pieces of sod used to line or cover parapets and the faces of earthworks.</def>

<h1>Ge-</h1>
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<hw>Ge-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>An Anglo-Saxon prefix. See <er>Y-</er>.</def>

<h1>Geal</h1>
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<hw>Geal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>geler</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gelare</ets>, fr. <ets>gelu</ets>. See <er>Gelid</er>.]</ety> <def>To congeal.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Gean</h1>
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<hw>Gean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>guigne</ets> the fruit of the gean; cf. OHG. <ets>w\'c6hsila</ets>, G. <ets>weichsel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of cherry tree common in Europe (<spn>Prunus avium</spn>); also, the fruit, which is usually small and dark in color.</def>

<h1>Geanticlinal</h1>
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<hw>Ge`an*ti*cli"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the earth + E. <ets>anticlinal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An upward bend or flexure of a considerable portion of the earth's crust, resulting in the formation of a class of mountain elevations called <i>anticlinoria</i>; -- opposed to <i>geosynclinal</i>.</def>

<h1>Gear</h1>
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<hw>Gear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gere</ets>, <ets>ger</ets>, AS. <ets>gearwe</ets> clothing, adornment, armor, fr. <ets>gearo</ets>, <ets>gearu</ets>, ready, yare; akin to OHG. <ets>garaw\'c6</ets>, <ets>garw\'c6</ets> ornament, dress. See <er>Yare</er>, and cf. <er>Garb</er> dress.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Clothing; garments; ornaments.</def>

<blockquote>Array thyself in thy most gorgeous <b>gear</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Goods; property; household stuff.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Homely <b>gear</b> and common ware.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia)</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Whatever is prepared for use or wear; manufactured stuff or material.</def>

<blockquote>Clad in a vesture of unknown <b>gear</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The harness of horses or cattle; trapping.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Warlike accouterments.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Manner; custom; behavior.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Business matters; affairs; concern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thus go they both together to their <b>gear</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A toothed wheel, or cogwheel; <as>as, a spur <ex>gear</ex>, or a bevel <ex>gear</ex></as>; also, toothed wheels, collectively.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An apparatus for performing a special function; gearing; <as>as, the feed <ex>gear</ex> of a lathe</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Engagement of parts with each other; <as>as, in <ex>gear</ex>; out of <ex>gear</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>9.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See 1st <er>Jeer</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Anything worthless; stuff; nonsense; rubbish.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<blockquote>That servant of his that confessed and uttered this <b>gear</b> was an honest man.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bever gear</col>. <cd>See <er>Bevel gear</er>.</cd> -- <col>Core gear</col>, <cd>a mortise gear, or its skeleton. See <cref>Mortise wheel</cref>, under <er>Mortise</er>.</cd> -- <col>Expansion gear</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>the arrangement of parts for cutting off steam at a certain part of the stroke, so as to leave it to act upon the piston expansively; the cut-off. See under <er>Expansion</er>.</cd> -- <col>Feed gear</col>. <cd>See <cref>Feed motion</cref>, under <er>Feed</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Gear cutter</col>, <cd>a machine or tool for forming the teeth of gear wheels by cutting.</cd> -- <col>Gear wheel</col>, <cd>any cogwheel.</cd> -- <col>Running gear</col>. <cd>See under <er>Running</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To throw</col> <col>in, &or; out of</col>, <col>gear</col></mcol> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>to connect or disconnect (wheelwork or couplings, etc.); to put in, or out of, working relation.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="617">
Page 617<p>

<h1>Gear</h1>
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<hw>Gear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Geared</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gearing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dress; to put gear on; to harness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>To provide with gearing.</def>

<cs><col>Double geared</col>, <cd>driven through twofold compound gearing, to increase the force or speed; -- said of a machine.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gear</h1>
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<hw>Gear</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>To be in, or come into, gear.</def>

<h1>Gearing</h1>
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<hw>Gear"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Harness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The parts by which motion imparted to one portion of an engine or machine is transmitted to another, considered collectively; <as>as, the valve <ex>gearing</ex> of locomotive engine; belt <ex>gearing</ex></as>; esp., a train of wheels for transmitting and varying motion in machinery.</def>

<cs><col>Frictional gearing</col>. <cd>See under <er>Frictional</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gearing chain</col>, <cd>an endless chain transmitted motion from one sprocket wheel to another. See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Chain wheel</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spur gearing</col>, <cd>gearing in which the teeth or cogs are ranged round either the concave or the convex surface (properly the latter) of a cylindrical wheel; -- for transmitting motion between parallel shafts, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Geason</h1>
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<hw>Gea"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gesen</ets>, <ets>geson</ets>, rare, scanty, AS. <ets>g<?/sne</ets> barren, wanting. Cf. <er>Geest</er>.]</ety> <def>Rare; wonderful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Geat</h1>
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<hw>Geat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gate</er> a door.]</ety> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>The channel or spout through which molten metal runs into a mold in casting.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>git</asp>, <asp>gate</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Gecarcinian</h1>
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<hw>Ge`car*cin"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ earth + <?/ crab.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A land crab of the genus <spn>Gecarcinus</spn>, or of allied genera.</def>

<h1>Geck</h1>
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<hw>Geck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>gek</ets> fool, fop; akin to G. <ets>geck</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>gikkr</ets> a pert, rude person.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Scorn, derision, or contempt.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An object of scorn; a dupe; a gull.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To become the <b>geck</b> and scorn
O'the other's villainy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Geck</h1>
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<hw>Geck</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OD. <ets>ghecken</ets>, G. <ets>gecken</ets>. See <er>Geck</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To deride; to scorn; to mock.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cheat; trick, or gull.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Geck</h1>
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<hw>Geck</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To jeer; to show contempt.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Gecko</h1>
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<hw>Geck"o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Geckoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. & G. <ets>gecko</ets>; -- so called from the sound which the animal utters.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any lizard of the family <spn>Geckonid\'91</spn>. The geckoes are small, carnivorous, mostly nocturnal animals with large eyes and vertical, elliptical pupils. Their toes are generally expanded, and furnished with adhesive disks, by which they can run over walls and ceilings. They are numerous in warm countries, and a few species are found in Europe and the United States. See <er>Wall gecko</er>, <er>Fanfoot</er>.</def>

<h1>Geckotian</h1>
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<hw>Geck*o"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A gecko.</def>

<mhw><h1>Ged, Gedd</h1>
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<hw>Ged</hw>, <hw>Gedd</hw></mhw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The European pike.</def>

<h1>Gee</h1>
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<hw>Gee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Geed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Geeing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To agree; to harmonize.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Forby.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>j\'81</ets>, interj., used in calling to a horse, It. gi\'95, F. <ets>dia</ets>, used to turn a horse to the left.]</ety> <def>To turn to the off side, or from the driver (<it>i.e.</it>, in the United States, to the right side); -- said of cattle, or a team; used most frequently in the imperative, often with <i>off</i>, by drivers of oxen, in directing their teams, and opposed to <i>haw</i>, or <i>hoi</i>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jee</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; In England, the teamster walks on the right-hand side of the cattle; in the United States, on the left-hand side. In all cases, however, <i>gee</i> means to turn <i>from</i> the driver, and <i>haw</i> to turn <i>toward</i> him.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Gee ho</col>, &or; <col>Gee whoa</col></mcol>. <cd>Same as <er>Gee</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gee</h1>
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<hw>Gee</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gee</er> to turn.]</ety> <def>To cause (a team) to turn to the off side, or from the driver.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jee</asp>.]</altsp>

<mhw><h1>Geer, Geering</h1>
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<hw>Geer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Geer"ing</hw></mhw>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Gear</er>, <er>Gearing</er>.</def>

<h1>Geese</h1>
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<hw>Geese</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <def><tt>pl.</tt> of <er>Goose</er>.</def>

<h1>Geest</h1>
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<hw>Geest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LG. <ets>geest</ets>, <ets>geest</ets>land, sandy, dry and, OFries. <ets>g&emac;st</ets>, <ets>g&amac;st</ets>, <ets>g&emac;st</ets>lond, <ets>g&amac;st</ets>lond, fr. Fries. <ets>g&amac;st</ets> barren. Cf. <er>Geason</er>.]</ety> <def>Alluvial matter on the surface of land, not of recent origin.</def>

<i>R. Jameson.</i>

<h1>Geet</h1>
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<hw>Geet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Jet</er>.]</ety> <def>Jet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Geez</h1>
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<hw>Geez</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The original native name for the ancient Ethiopic language or people. See <er>Ethiopic</er>.</def>

<h1>Gehenna</h1>
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<hw>Ge*hen"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Gehenna</ets>, Gr. <?/, Heb. <ets>G<?/ Hinn<?/m</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Jewish Hist.)</fld> <def>The valley of Hinnom, near Jerusalem, where some of the Israelites sacrificed their children to Moloch, which, on this account, was afterward regarded as a place of abomination, and made a receptacle for all the refuse of the city, perpetual fires being kept up in order to prevent pestilential effluvia. In the New Testament the name is transferred, by an easy metaphor, to <i>Hell</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The pleasant valley of Hinnom. Tophet thence
And black <b>Gehenna</b> called, the type of Hell.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Geic</h1>
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<hw>Ge"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ earth.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, earthy or vegetable mold.</def>

<cs><col>Geic acid</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Humin</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gein</h1>
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<hw>Ge"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ earth.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Humin</er>.</def>

<h1>Geissler tube</h1>
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<hw>Geis"sler tube`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A glass tube provided with platinum electrodes, and containing some gas under very low tension, which becomes luminous when an electrical discharge is passed through it; -- so called from the name of a noted maker in germany. It is called also <altname>Pl\'81cker tube</altname>, from the German physicist who devised it.</def>

<h1>Geitonogamy</h1>
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<hw>Gei"to*nog"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ neighbor + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Fertilization of flowers by pollen from other flowers on the same plant.</def>

<h1>Gelable</h1>
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<hw>Gel"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gelare</ets> to congeal: cf. F. <ets>gelable</ets>. See <er>Geal</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being congealed; capable of being converted into jelly.</def>

<h1>Gelada</h1>
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<hw>Gel"a*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A baboon (<spn>Gelada Ruppelli</spn>) of Abyssinia, remarkable for the length of the hair on the neck and shoulders of the adult male.</def>

<h1>Gelastic</h1>
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<hw>Ge*las"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ inclined to laugh, from <?/ to laugh.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to laughter; used in laughing.</def> "<i>Gelastic</i> muscles."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Gelatification</h1>
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<hw>Ge*lat"i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gelatin</ets> + L. <ets>-ficare</ets>. (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>The formation of gelatin.</def>

<h1>Gelatigenous</h1>
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<hw>Gel`a*tig"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gelatin</ets> + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Producing, or yielding, gelatin; gelatiniferous; <as>as, the <ex>gelatigeneous</ex> tissues</as>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Gelatin<def>, Gelatine</h1>
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<hw>Gel"a*tin</hw><def>, <hw>Gel"a*tine</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>g\'82latine</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gelare</ets> to congeal. See <er>Geal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> Animal jelly; glutinous material obtained from animal tissues by prolonged boiling. Specifically <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>, a nitrogeneous colloid, not existing as such in the animal body, but formed by the hydrating action of boiling water on the collagen of various kinds of connective tissue (as tendons, bones, ligaments, etc.). Its distinguishing character is that of dissolving in hot water, and forming a jelly on cooling. It is an important ingredient of calf's-foot jelly, isinglass, glue, etc. It is used as food, but its nutritious qualities are of a low order.</def>

<note>&hand; Both spellings, gela<i>tin</i> and gela<i>tine</i>, are in good use, but the tendency of writers on physiological chemistry favors the form in -<i>in</i>, as in the United States Dispensatory, the United States Pharmacop\'d2ia, Fownes' Watts' Chemistry, Brande & Cox's Dictionary.</note>

<cs><col>Blasting gelatin</col>, <cd>an explosive, containing about ninety-five parts of nitroglycerin and five of collodion.</cd> -- <col>Gelatin process</col>, <cd>a name applied to a number of processes in the arts, involving the use of gelatin.</cd> Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <cd>A dry-plate process in which gelatin is used as a substitute for collodion as the sensitized material.</cd> This is the dry-plate process in general use, and plates of extreme sensitiveness are produced by it.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <cd>A method of producing photographic copies of drawings, engravings, printed pages, etc., and also of photographic pictures, which can be printed from in a press with ink, or (in some applications of the process) which can be used as the molds of stereotype or electrotype plates.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Print. or Copying)</fld> <cd>A method of producing facsimile copies of an original, written or drawn in aniline ink upon paper, thence transferred to a cake of gelatin softened with glycerin, from which impressions are taken upon ordinary paper.</cd> -- <col>Vegetable gelatin</col>. <cd>See <er>Gliadin</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gelatinate</h1>
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<hw>Ge*lat"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gelatinated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gelatinating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To convert into gelatin, or into a substance resembling jelly.</def>

<h1>Gelatinate</h1>
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<hw>Ge*lat"i*nate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be converted into gelatin, or into a substance like jelly.</def>

<blockquote>Lapis lazuli, if calcined, does not effervesce, but <b>gelatinates</b> with the mineral acids.
<i>Kirwan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gelatination</h1>
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<hw>Ge*lat`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of process of converting into gelatin, or a substance like jelly.</def>

<h1>Gelatine</h1>
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<hw>Gel"a*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Gelatin</er>.</def>

<h1>Gelatiniferous</h1>
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<hw>Gel`a*tin*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gelatin</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Yielding gelatin on boiling with water; capable of gelatination.</def>

<h1>Gelatiniform</h1>
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<hw>Gel`a*tin"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the form of gelatin.</def>

<h1>Gelatinization</h1>
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<hw>Ge*lat`i*ni*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Gelatination</er>.</def>

<h1>Gelatinize</h1>
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<hw>Ge*lat"i*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To convert into gelatin or jelly. Same as <er>Gelatinate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>To coat, or otherwise treat, with gelatin.</def>

<h1>Gelatinize</h1>
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<hw>Ge*lat"i*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Gelatinate</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<h1>Gelatinous</h1>
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<hw>Ge*lat"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>g\'82latineux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature and consistence of gelatin or the jelly; resembling jelly; viscous.</def>

<h1>Gelation</h1>
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<hw>Ge*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gelatio</ets> a freezing, fr. <ets>gelare</ets> to freeze.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The process of becoming solid by cooling; a cooling and solidifying.</def>

<h1>Geld</h1>
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<hw>Geld</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gild</ets>, <ets>gield</ets>, <ets>geld</ets>, tribute, payment, fr. <ets>gieldan</ets> to pay, render. See <er>Yield</er>.]</ety> <def>Money; tribute; compensation; ransom.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; This word occurs in old law books in composition, as in dane<i>geld</i>, or dane<i>gelt</i>, a tax imposed by the Danes; were<i>geld</i>, compensation for the life of a man, etc.</note>

<h1>Geld</h1>
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<hw>Geld</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gelded</er> or Gelt (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gelding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Icel. <ets>gelda</ets> to castrate; akin to Dan. <ets>gilde</ets>, Sw. <ets>g\'84lla</ets>, and cf. AS. <ets>gilte</ets> a young sow, OHG. <ets>galt</ets> dry, not giving milk, G. <ets>gelt</ets>, Goth. <ets>gilpa</ets> siclke.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To castrate; to emasculate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive of anything essential.</def>

<blockquote>Bereft and <b>gelded</b> of his patrimony.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deprive of anything exceptionable; <as>as, to <ex>geld</ex> a book, or a story</as>; to expurgate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Geldable</h1>
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<hw>Geld"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being gelded.</def>

<h1>Geldable</h1>
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<hw>Geld"a*ble</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Geld</er> money.]</ety> <def>Liable to taxation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Gelder</h1>
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<hw>Geld"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gelds or castrates.</def>

<h1>Gelder-rose</h1>
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<hw>Gel"der-rose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Guelder-rose</er>.</def>

<h1>Gelding</h1>
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<hw>Geld"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>gelding</ets> a gelding, akin to <ets>geldingr</ets> wether, eunuch, Sw. <ets>g\'84lling</ets> gelding, Dan. <ets>gilding</ets> eunuch. See <er>Geld</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A castrated animal; -- usually applied to a horse, but formerly used also of the human male.</def>

<blockquote>They went down both into the water, Philip and the <b>gelding</b>, and Philip baptized him.
<i>Wyclif (Acts viii. 38).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gelding</h1>
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<hw>Geld"ing</hw>, <tt>p. pr. a. & vb. n..</tt> <def>from <er>Geld</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Gelid</h1>
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<hw>Gel"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gelidus</ets>, fr. <ets>gelun</ets> frost, cold. See <er>Cold</er>, and cf. <er>Congeal</er>, <er>Gelatin</er>, <er>Jelly</er>.]</ety> <def>Cold; very cold; frozen.</def> "<i>Gelid</i> founts."

<i>Thompson.</i>

<h1>Gelidity</h1>
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<hw>Ge*lid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being gelid.</def>

<h1>Gelidly</h1>
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<hw>Gel"id*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a gelid manner; coldly.</def>

<h1>Gelidness</h1>
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<hw>Gel"id*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being gelid; gelidity.</def>

<h1>Gelly</h1>
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<hw>Gel"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Jelly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Geloscopy</h1>
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<hw>Ge*los"copy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to laugh + <ets>-scopy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of laughter.</def>

<h1>Gelose</h1>
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<hw>Ge*lose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gelatin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate, found in <i>Gelidium</i>, agar-agar, and other seaweeds.</def>

<h1>Gelsemic</h1>
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<hw>Gel*se"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gelseminic.</def>

<h1>Gelsemine</h1>
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<hw>Gel"se*mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid obtained from the yellow jasmine (<spn>Gelsemium sempervirens</spn>), as a bitter white semicrystalline substance; -- called also <altname>gelsemia</altname>.</def>

<h1>Gelseminic</h1>
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<hw>Gel`se*min"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the yellow jasmine (<spn>Gelsemium sempervirens</spn>); <as>as, <ex>gelseminic</ex> acid, a white crystalline substance resembling esculin</as>.</def>

<h1>Gelsemium</h1>
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<hw>Gel*se"mium</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. It. <ets>gelsomino</ets> jasmine.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of climbing plants. The yellow (false) jasmine (<spn>Gelsemium sempervirens</spn>) is a native of the Southern United States. It has showy and deliciously fragrant flowers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The root of the yellow jasmine, used in malarial fevers, etc.</def>

<h1>Gelt</h1>
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<hw>Gelt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Geld</er>.]</ety> <def>Trubute, tax.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All these the king granted unto them . . . free from all <b>gelts</b> and payments, in a most full and ample manner.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gelt</h1>
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<hw>Gelt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gelt</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A gelding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Gelt</h1>
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<hw>Gelt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Gilding; tinsel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Gem</h1>
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<hw>Gem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gemme</ets> precious stone, F. <ets>gemme</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gemma</ets> a precious stone, bud.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A bud.</def>

<blockquote>From the joints of thy prolific stem
A swelling knot is raised called a <b>gem</b>.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A precious stone of any kind, as the ruby, emerald, topaz, sapphire, beryl, spinel, etc., especially when cut and polished for ornament; a jewel.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything of small size, or expressed within brief limits, which is regarded as a gem on account of its beauty or value, as a small picture, a verse of poetry, a witty or wise saying.</def>

<cs><col>Artificial gem</col>, <cd>an imitation of a gem, made of glass colored with metallic oxide. Cf. <er>Paste</er>, and <er>Strass</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gem</h1>
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<hw>Gem</hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gemmed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gemming</er>]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put forth in the form of buds.</def> "<i>Gemmed</i> their blossoms." <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To adorn with gems or precious stones.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To embellish or adorn, as with gems; <as>as, a foliage <ex>gemmed</ex> with dewdrops</as>.</def>

<blockquote>England is . . . <b>gemmed</b> with castles and palaces.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gemara</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ma"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb.]</ety> <fld>(Jewish Law)</fld> <def>The second part of the Talmud, or the commentary on the Mishna (which forms the first part or text).</def>

<h1>Gemaric</h1>
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<hw>Ge*mar"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the Gemara.</def>

<h1>Gemarist</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ma"rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in the Gemara, or adhering to its teachings.</def>

<h1>Gemel</h1>
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<hw>Gem"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>gemel</ets> twin, F. <ets>jumeau</ets>, L. <ets>gemellus</ets> twin, doubled, dim. of <ets>geminus</ets>. See <er>Gemini</er>, and cf. <er>Gimmal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Coupled; paired.</def>

<cs><col>Bars gemel</col> <fld>(Her.)<fld>, <cd>two barrulets placed near and parallel to each other.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gemel</h1>
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<hw>Gem"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the twins.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Heb.)</fld> <def>One of the barrulets placed parallel and closed to each other. Cf. <i>Bars gemel</i>, under <er>Gemel</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<blockquote>Two <b>gemels</b> silver between two griffins passant.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Gemel hinge</col> <fld>(Locksmithing)</fld>, <cd>a hinge consisting of an eye or loop and a hook.</cd> -- <col>Gemel ring</col>, <cd>a ring with two or more links; a gimbal. See <er>Gimbal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gemel window</col>, <cd>a window with two bays.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gemellipa-rous</h1>
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<hw>Gem`el*lip"a-rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gemellipara</ets>, fem., <ets>gemellus</ets> twin + <ets>parere</ets> to bear, produce.]</ety> <def>Producing twins.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Geminal</h1>
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<hw>Gem"i*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>geminus</ets> twin.]</ety> <def>A pair.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Geminate</h1>
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<hw>Gem"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>geminatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>genimare</ets> to double. See <er>Gemini</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>In pairs or twains; two together; binate; twin; <as>as, <ex>geminate</ex> flowers</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Geminate</h1>
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<hw>Gem"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To double.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Gemination</h1>
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<hw>Gem`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>geminatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A doubling; duplication; repetition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Gemini</h1>
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<hw>Gem"i*ni</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., twins, pl. of <ets>geminus</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>j<?/mi</ets> related as brother or sister.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A constellation of the zodiac, containing the two bright stars <i>Castor</i> and <i>Pollux</i>; also, the third sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about May 20th.</def>

<h1>Geminiflorous</h1>
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<hw>Gem`i*ni*flo"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>geminus</ets> twin + <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the flowers arranged in pairs.</def>

<h1>Geminous</h1>
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<hw>Gem"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>geminus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Double; in pairs.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Geminy</h1>
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<hw>Gemi*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gemini</er>.]</ety> <def>Twins; a pair; a couple.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gemitores</h1>
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<hw>Gem`i*to"res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>gemere</ets>, <ets>gemitum</ets>, to sign, moan.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of birds including the true pigeons.</def>

<h1>Gemma</h1>
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<hw>Gem"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gemm\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a bud.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leaf bud, as distinguished from a flower bud.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A bud spore; one of the small spores or buds in the reproduction of certain Protozoa, which separate one at a time from the parent cell.</def>

<h1>Gemmaceous</h1>
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<hw>Gem*ma"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to gems or to gemm\'91; of the nature of, or resembling, gems or gemm\'91.</def>

<h1>Gemmary</h1>
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<hw>Gem"ma*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gemmarius</ets>. See <er>Gem</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to gems.</def>

<hr>
<page="618">
Page 618<p>

<h1>Gemmary</h1>
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<hw>Gem"ma*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A receptacle for jewels or gems; a jewel house; jewels or gems, collectively.</def>

<h1>Gemmate</h1>
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<hw>Gem"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gemmatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>gemmare</ets> to put forth buds, fr. <ets>gemma</ets> bud.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having buds; reproducing by buds.</def>

<h1>Gemmated</h1>
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<hw>Gem"ma*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having buds; adorned with gems or jewels.</def>

<h1>Gemmation</h1>
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<hw>Gem*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gemmation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The formation of a new individual, either animal or vegetable, by a process of budding; an asexual method of reproduction; gemmulation; gemmiparity. See <er>Budding</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The arrangement of buds on the stalk; also, of leaves in the bud.</def>

<h1>Gemmeous</h1>
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<hw>Gem"me*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gemmeus</ets>. See <er>Gem</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to gems; of the nature of gems; resembling gems.</def>

<i>Pennant.</i>

<h1>Gemmiferous</h1>
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<hw>Gem*mif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gemma</ets> bud + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gemmif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing gems or buds</def>; <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>multiplying by buds.</def>

<h1>Gemmification</h1>
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<hw>Gem`mi*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gemma</ets> bud + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The production of a bud or gem.</def>

<h1>Gemmiflorate</h1>
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<hw>Gem`mi*flo"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gemma</ets> bud + <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having flowers like buds.</def>

<h1>Gemminess</h1>
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<hw>Gem"mi*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being gemmy; spruceness; smartness.</def>

<h1>Gemmipara Gemmipares</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gem*mip"a*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <hw>Gem*mip"a*res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>gemma</ets> bud + <ets>parere</ets> to produce.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Animals which increase by budding, as hydroids.</def>

<h1>Gemmiparity</h1>
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<hw>Gem`mi*par"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Reproduction by budding; gemmation. See <er>Budding</er>.</def>

<h1>Gemmiparous</h1>
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<hw>Gem*mip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gemmipare</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Producing buds; reproducing by buds. See <er>Gemmation</er>, 1.</def>

<h1>Gemmosity</h1>
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<hw>Gem*mos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gemmosus</ets> set with jewels. See <er>Gem</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or characteristics of a gem or jewel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Gemmulation</h1>
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<hw>Gem`mu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>gemmula</ets>, dim. of <ets>gemma</ets> bud.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gemmation</er>.</def>

<h1>Gemmule</h1>
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<hw>Gem"mule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gemmula</ets>, dim. of <ets>gemma</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gemmule</ets>. See <er>Gem</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A little leaf bud, as the plumule between the cotyledons</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the buds of mosses</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>One of the reproductive spores of alg\'91</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>An ovule.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bud produced in generation by gemmation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the imaginary granules or atoms which, according to Darwin's hypothesis of pangenesis, are continually being thrown off from every cell or unit, and circulate freely throughout the system, and when supplied with proper nutriment multiply by self-division and ultimately develop into cells like those from which they were derived. They are supposed to be transmitted from the parent to the offspring, but are often transmitted in a dormant state during many generations and are then developed. See <er>Pangenesis</er>.</def>

<h1>Gemmuliferous</h1>
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<hw>Gem`mu*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gemmule</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing or producing gemmules or buds.</def>

<h1>Gemmy</h1>
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<hw>Gem"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Gem</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of gems; bright; glittering like a gem.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>gemmy</b> bridle glittered free.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Spruce; smart.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Gemote</h1>
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<hw>Ge*mote"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[As. <ets>gem<?/t</ets> an assembly. See <er>Meet</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(AS. Hist.)</fld> <def>A meeting; -- used in combination, <as>as, Witena<ex>gemote</ex>, an assembly of the wise men</as>.</def>

<h1>Gems</h1>
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<hw>Gems</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The chamois.</def>

<h1>Gemsbok</h1>
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<hw>Gems"bok</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D.; akin to G. <ets>gemsbock</ets> the male or buck of the chamois; <ets>gemse</ets> chamois, goat of the Alps + <ets>bock</ets> buck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South African antelope (<spn>Oryx Capensis</spn>), having long, sharp, nearly straight horns.</def>

<h1>Gems-horn</h1>
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<hw>Gems"-horn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., prop., chamois horn.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An organ stop with conical tin pipes.</def>

<h1>Gemul</h1>
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<hw>Ge*mul"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small South American deer (<spn>Furcifer Chilensis</spn>), with simple forked horns.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>guemul</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>-gen</h1>
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<hw>-gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[(1) From Gr. <grk>-gen-</grk>, from the same root as <grk>ge`nos</grk> race, stock (see <er>Genus</er>). (2) From Gr. suffix <grk>-genh`s</grk> born. Cf. F. <ets>-g\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A suffix used in scientific words in the sense of <i>producing</i>, <i>generating</i>: as, amphi<i>gen</i>, amido<i>gen</i>, halo<i>gen</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A suffix meaning <i>produced</i>, <i>generated</i>; <as>as, exo<ex>gen</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Gena</h1>
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<hw>Ge"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[L., the cheek.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The cheek; the feathered side of the under mandible of a bird.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The part of the head to which the jaws of an insect are attached.</def>

<h1>Genappe</h1>
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<hw>Ge*nappe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Genappe</ets>, in Belgium.]</ety> <def>A worsted yarn or cord of peculiar smoothness, used in the manufacture of braid, fringe, etc.</def> <i>Simmonds</i>.

<h1>Gendarme</h1>
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<hw>Gen`darme"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gendarmes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, or <plw>Gens d'armes</plw></plu>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>One of a body of heavy cavalry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <mark>[France]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An armed policeman in France.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Gendarmery</h1>
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<hw>Gen*darm"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gendarmerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The body of gendarmes.</def>

<h1>Gender</h1>
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<hw>Gen"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>genre</ets>, <ets>gendre</ets> (with excrescent <ets>d</ets>.), F.<ets>genre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>genus</ets>, <ets>generis</ets>, birth, descent, race, kind, gender, fr. the root of <ets>genere</ets>, <ets>gignere</ets>, to beget, in pass., to be born, akin to E. <ets>kin</ets>. See <er>Kin</er>, and cf. <er>Generate</er>, <er>Genre</er>, <er>Gentle</er>, <er>Genus</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Kind; sort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "One <i>gender</i> of herbs."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sex, male or female.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A classification of nouns, primarily according to sex; and secondarily according to some fancied or imputed quality associated with sex.</def>

<blockquote><b>Gender</b> is a grammatical distinction and applies to words only. Sex is natural distinction and applies to living objects.
<i>R. Morris.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Adjectives and pronouns are said to vary in gender when the form is varied according to the gender of the words to which they refer.</note>

<h1>Gender</h1>
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<hw>Gen"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gendered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gendering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>gendrer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>generare</ets>. See <er>Gender</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To beget; to engender.</def>

<h1>Gender</h1>
<Xpage=618>

<hw>Gen"der</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To copulate; to breed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Genderless</h1>
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<hw>Gen"der*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no gender.</def>

<h1>Geneagenesis</h1>
<Xpage=618>

<hw>Gen`e*a*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ race + E. <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Alternate generation. See under <er>Generation</er>.</def>

<h1>Genealogic</h1>
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<hw>Gen`e*a*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Genealogical.</def>

<h1>Genealogical</h1>
<Xpage=618>

<hw>Gen`e*a*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>g\'82n\'82alogique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to genealogy; <as>as, a <ex>genealogical</ex> table; <ex>genealogical</ex> order.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Gen`e*a*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Genealogical tree</col>, <cd>a family lineage or genealogy drawn out under the form of a tree and its branches.</cd></cs>

<h1>Genealogist</h1>
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<hw>Gen`e*al"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>g\'82n\'82alogiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who traces genealogies or the descent of persons or families.</def>

<h1>Genealogize</h1>
<Xpage=618>

<hw>Gen`e*al"o*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To investigate, or relate the history of, descents.</def>

<h1>Genealogy</h1>
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<hw>Gen`e*al"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Genealogies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>genealogi</ets>, <ets>genelogie</ets>, OF. <ets>genelogie</ets>, F. <ets>g\'82n\'82alogie</ets>, L. <ets>genealogia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ birth, race, descent (akin to L. <ets>genus</ets>) + <?/ discourse.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An account or history of the descent of a person or family from an ancestor; enumeration of ancestors and their children in the natural order of succession; a pedigree.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Regular descent of a person or family from a progenitor; pedigree; lineage.</def>

<h1>Genearch</h1>
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<hw>Gen"e*arch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ race + <?/ a leader.]</ety> <def>The chief of a family or tribe.</def>

<h1>Genera</h1>
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<hw>Gen"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Genus</er>.</def>

<h1>Generability</h1>
<Xpage=618>

<hw>Gen`er*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capability of being generated.</def>

<i>Johnstone.</i>

<h1>Generable</h1>
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<hw>Gen"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>generabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being generated or produced.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>General</h1>
<Xpage=618>

<hw>Gen"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>g\'82n\'82ral</ets>, fr. L. <ets>generalis</ets>. See <er>Genus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to a genus or kind; pertaining to a whole class or order; <as>as, a <ex>general</ex> law of animal or vegetable economy</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Comprehending many species or individuals; not special or particular; including all particulars; <as>as, a <ex>general</ex> inference or conclusion</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not restrained or limited to a precise import; not specific; vague; indefinite; lax in signification; <as>as, a loose and <ex>general</ex> expression</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Common to many, or the greatest number; widely spread; prevalent; extensive, though not universal; <as>as, a <ex>general</ex> opinion; a <ex>general</ex> custom.</as></def>

<blockquote>This <b>general</b> applause and cheerful s<?/out
Argue your wisdom and your love to Richard.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Having a relation to all; common to the whole; <as>as, Adam, our <ex>general</ex> sire</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>As a whole; in gross; for the most part.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>general</b> behavior vain, ridiculous.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Usual; common, on most occasions; <as>as, his <ex>general</ex> habit or method</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The word <i>general</i>, annexed to a name of office, usually denotes <i>chief</i> or <i>superior</i>; as, attorney-<i>general</i>; adjutant <i>general</i>; commissary <i>general</i>; quartermaster <i>general</i>; vicar-<i>general</i>, etc.</note>

<cs><col>General agent</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an agent whom a principal employs to transact all his business of a particular kind, or to act in his affairs generally.</cd> -- <col>General assembly</col>. <cd>See the Note under <er>Assembly</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>General average</col>, <col>General Court</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Average</er>, <er>Court</er>.</cd> -- <col>General court-martial</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the highest military and naval judicial tribunal.</cd> -- <col>General dealer</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>a shopkeeper who deals in all articles in common use.</cd> -- <col>General demurrer</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a demurrer which objects to a pleading in general terms, as insufficient, without specifying the defects. <i>Abbott</i>.</cd> -- <col>General epistle</col>, <cd>a canonical epistle.</cd> -- <col>General guides</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>two sergeants (called the <i>right<i>, and the <i>left<i>, <i>general guide<i>) posted opposite the right and left flanks of an infantry battalion, to preserve accuracy in marching. <i>Farrow</i>.</cd> -- <col>General hospitals</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>hospitals established to receive sick and wounded sent from the field hospitals.</cd> <i>Farrow</i>.  <col>General issue</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an issue made by a general plea, which traverses the whole declaration or indictment at once, without offering any special matter to evade it. <i>Bouvier</i>. <i>Burrill</i>.</cd> -- <col>General lien</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a right to detain a chattel, etc., until payment is made of any balance due on a general account.</cd> -- <col>General officer</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>any officer having a rank above that of colonel.</cd> -- <col>General orders</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>orders from headquarters published to the whole command.</cd> -- <col>General practitioner</col>, <cd>in the United States, one who practices medicine in all its branches without confining himself to any specialty; in England, one who practices both as physician and as surgeon.</cd> -- <col>General ship</col>, <cd>a ship not chartered or let to particular parties.</cd> -- <col>General term</col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>a term which is the sign of a general conception or notion.</cd> -- <col>General verdict</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the ordinary comprehensive verdict in civil actions, "for the plaintiff" or "for the defendant". <i>Burrill</i>.</cd> -- <col>General warrant</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a warrant, now illegal, to apprehend suspected persons, without naming individuals.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. <er>General</er>, <er>Common</er>, <er>Universal</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Common</i> denotes primarily that in which many share; and hence, that which is often met with. <i>General</i> is stronger, denoting that which pertains to a majority of the individuals which compose a <i>genus</i>, or whole. <i>Universal</i>, that which pertains to all without exception. To be able to read and write is so <i>common</i> an attainment in the United States, that we may pronounce it <i>general</i>, though by no means <i>universal</i>.</usage>

<syn>Gen"er*al <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>g\'82n\'82ral</ets>. See <er>General</er>., <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> The whole; the total; that which comprehends or relates to all, or the chief part; -- opposed to <i>particular</i>.

<blockquote>In particulars our knowledge begins, and so spreads itself by degrees to <b>generals</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>One of the chief military officers of a government or country; the commander of an army, of a body of men not less than a brigade. In European armies, the highest military rank next below field marshal.</def>

<note>&hand; In the United States the office of <i>General of the Army</i> has been created by temporary laws, and has been held only by Generals U. S. Grant, W. T. Sherman, and P. H. Sheridan. <-- = 5-star general. Eisenhower? MacArthur? Pershing? -->Popularly, the title <i>General</i> is given to various <i>general officers</i>, as General, Lieutenant general, Major general, Brigadier general, Commissary general, etc. See <er>Brigadier general</er>, <er>Lieutenant general</er>, <er>Major general</er>, in the Vocabulary.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The roll of the drum which calls the troops together; <as>as, to beat the <ex>general</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The chief of an order of monks, or of all the houses or congregations under the same rule.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The public; the people; the vulgar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>In general</col>, <cd>in the main; for the most part.</cd></cs>

<h1>Generalia</h1>
<Xpage=618>

<hw>Gen`e*ra"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Neut. pl., fr. L. <ets>generalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Generalities; general terms.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Generalissimo</h1>
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<hw>Gen`er*al*is"si*mo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., superl. of <ets>generale</ets> general. See <er>General</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The chief commander of an army; especially, the commander in chief of an army consisting of two or more grand divisions under separate commanders; -- a title used in most foreign countries.</def>

<h1>Generality</h1>
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<hw>Gen`er*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Generalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>generalitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>g\'82n\'82ralit\'82</ets>. Cf. <er>Generalty</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being general; the quality of including species or particulars.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is general; that which lacks specificalness, practicalness, or application; a general or vague statement or phrase.</def>

<blockquote>Let us descend from <b>generalities</b> to particulars.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The glittering and sounding <b>generalities</b> of natural right which make up the Declaration of Independence.
<i>R. Choate.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The main body; the bulk; the greatest part; <as>as, the <ex>generality</ex> of a nation, or of mankind</as>.</def>

<h1>Generalizable</h1>
<Xpage=618>

<hw>Gen"er*al*i`za*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being generalized, or reduced to a general form of statement, or brought under a general rule.</def>

<blockquote>Extreme cases are . . . not <b>generalizable</b>.
<i>Coleridge</i></blockquote>

<h1>Generalization</h1>
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<hw>Gen`er*al*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>g\'82n\'82ralisation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of generalizing; the act of bringing individuals or particulars under a genus or class; deduction of a general principle from particulars.</def>

<blockquote><b>Generalization</b> is only the apprehension of the one in the many.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A general inference.</def>

<h1>Generalize</h1>
<Xpage=618>

<hw>Gen"er*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Generalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Generalizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>g\'82n\'82raliser</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring under a genus or under genera; to view in relation to a genus or to genera.</def>

<blockquote>Copernicus <b>generalized</b> the celestial motions by merely referring them to the moon's motion. Newton <b>generalized</b> them still more by referring this last to the motion of a stone through the air.
<i>W. Nicholson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To apply to other genera or classes; to use with a more extensive application; to extend so as to include all special cases; to make universal in application, as a formula or rule.</def>

<blockquote>When a fact is <b>generalized</b>, our discontent is quited, and we consider the generality itself as tantamount to an explanation.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To derive or deduce (a general conception, or a general principle) from particulars.</def>

<blockquote>A mere conclusion <b>generalized</b> from a great multitude of facts.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Generalize</h1>
<Xpage=618>

<hw>Gen"er*al*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form into a genus; to view objects in their relations to a genus or class; to take general or comprehensive views.</def>

<h1>Generalized</h1>
<Xpage=618>

<hw>Gen"er*al*ized</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Comprising structural characters which are separated in more specialized forms; synthetic; <as>as, a <ex>generalized</ex> type</as>.</def>

<h1>Generalizer</h1>
<Xpage=618>

<hw>Gen"er*al*i`zer</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who takes general or comprehensive views</def>.

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Generally</h1>
<Xpage=618>

<hw>Gen"er*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In general; commonly; extensively, though not universally; most frequently.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a general way, or in general relation; in the main; upon the whole; comprehensively.</def>

<blockquote><b>Generally</b> speaking, they live very quietly.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Collectively; as a whole; without omissions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I counsel that all Israel be <b>generally</b> gathered unto thee.
<i>2 Sam. xvii. ll.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Generalness</h1>
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<hw>Gen"er*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or quality of being general; frequency; commonness.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Generalship</h1>
<Xpage=618>

<hw>Gen"er*al*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The office of a general; the exercise of the functions of a general; -- sometimes, with the possessive pronoun, the personality of a general.</def>

<blockquote>Your <b>generalship</b> puts me in mind of Prince Eugene.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Military skill in a general officer or commander.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: Leadership; management.</def>

<blockquote>An artful stroke of <b>generalship</b> in Trim to raise a dust.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Generalty</h1>
<Xpage=618>

<hw>Gen"er*al*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Generality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Generant</h1>
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<hw>Gen"er*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>generans</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>generare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Generative; producing</def>; esp. <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <def>acting as a generant.</def>

<h1>Generant</h1>
<Xpage=618>

<hw>Gen"er*ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which generates.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A generatrix.</def>

<h1>Generate</h1>
<Xpage=618>

<hw>Gen"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Generated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Generating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>generatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>generare</ets> to generate, fr. <ets>genus</ets>. See <er>Genus</er>, <er>Gender</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To beget; to procreate; to propagate; to produce (a being similar to the parent); to engender; <as>as, every animal <ex>generates</ex> its own species</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to be; to bring into life.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To originate, especially by a vital or chemical process; to produce; to cause.</def>

<blockquote>Whatever <b>generates</b> a quantity of good chyle must likewise <b>generate</b> milk.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To trace out, as a line, figure, or solid, by the motion of a point or a magnitude of inferior order.</def>

<hr>
<page="619">
Page 619<p>

<h1>Generation</h1>
<Xpage=619>

<hw>Gen`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>generacioun</ets>, F. <ets>g\'82n\'82ration</ets>, fr.L. <ets>generatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of generating or begetting; procreation, as of animals.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Origination by some process, mathematical, chemical, or vital; production; formation; <as>as, the <ex>generation</ex> of sounds, of gases, of curves, etc</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is generated or brought forth; progeny; offspiring.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A single step or stage in the succession of natural descent; a rank or remove in genealogy. Hence: The body of those who are of the same genealogical rank or remove from an ancestor; the mass of beings living at one period; also, the average lifetime of man, or the ordinary period of time at which one rank follows another, or father is succeeded by child, usually assumed to be one third of a century; an age.</def>

<blockquote>This is the book of the <b>generations</b> of Adam.
<i>Gen. v. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ye shall remain there [in Babylon] many years, and for a long season, namely, seven <b>generations</b>.
<i>Baruch vi. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All <b>generations</b> and ages of the Christian church.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Race; kind; family; breed; stock.</def>

<blockquote>Thy mother's of my <b>generation</b>; what's she, if I be a dog?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The formation or production of any geometrical magnitude, as a line, a surface, a solid, by the motion, in accordance with a mathematical law, of a point or a magnitude; <as>as, the <ex>generation</ex> of a line or curve by the motion of a point, of a surface by a line, a sphere by a semicircle, etc</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The aggregate of the functions and phenomene which attend reproduction.</def>

<note>&hand; There are four modes of generation in the animal kingdom: <i>scissiparity</i> or by fissiparous generation, <i>gemmiparity</i> or by budding, <i>germiparity</i> or by germs, and <i>oviparity</i> or by ova.</note>

<cs><col>Alternate generation</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>alternation of sexual with asexual generation, in which the products of one process differ from those of the other, -- a form of reproduction common both to animal and vegetable organisms. In the simplest form, the organism arising from sexual generation produces offspiring unlike itself, agamogenetically. These, however, in time acquire reproductive organs, and from their impregnated germs the original parent form is reproduced. In more complicated cases, the first series of organisms produced agamogenetically may give rise to others by a like process, and these in turn to still other generations. Ultimately, however, a generation is formed which develops sexual organs, and the original form is reproduced.</cd> -- <col>Spontaneous generation</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the fancied production of living organisms without previously existing parents from inorganic matter, or from decomposing organic matter, a notion which at one time had many supporters; abiogenesis.</cd></cs>

<h1>Generative</h1>
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<hw>Gen"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>g\'82n\'82ratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the power of generating, propagating, originating, or producing.</def> "That <i>generative</i> particle."

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Generator</h1>
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<hw>Gen"er*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, generates, begets, causes, or produces.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An apparatus in which vapor or gas is formed from a liquid or solid by means of heat or chemical process, as a steam boiler, gas retort, or vessel for generating carbonic acid gas, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The principal sound or sounds by which others are produced; the fundamental note or root of the common chord; -- called also <altname>generating tone</altname>.</def>

<h1>Generatrix</h1>
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<hw>Gen`er*a"trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Generatrices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Generatrixes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>That which generates; the point, or the mathematical magnitude, which, by its motion, generates another magnitude, as a line, surface, or solid; -- called also <altname>describent</altname>.</def>

<h1>Generic, Generical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ge*ner"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ge*ner"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>genus</ets>, <ets>generis</ets>, race, kind: cf. F. <ets>g\'82n\'82rique</ets>. See <er>Gender</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a genus or kind; relating to a genus, as distinct from a species, or from another genus; <as>as, a <ex>generic</ex> description; a <ex>generic</ex> difference; a <ex>generic</ex> name.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Very comprehensive; pertaining or appropriate to large classes or their characteristics; -- opposed to <ant>specific</ant>.</def>

<h1>Generically</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ner"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With regard to a genus, or an extensive class; <as>as, an animal <ex>generically</ex> distinct from another, or two animals or plants <ex>generically</ex> allied</as>.</def>

<h1>Genericalness</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ner"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being generic.</def>

<h1>Generification</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ner`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>genus</ets> kind, class + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of generalizing.</def>

<blockquote>Out of this the universal is elaborated by <b>generification</b>.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Generosity</h1>
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<hw>Gen`er*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>generositas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>g\'82n\'82rosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Noble birth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harris (Voyages).</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of being noble; noble-mindedness.</def>

<blockquote><b>Generosity</b> is in nothing more seen than in a candid estimation of other men's virtues and good qualities.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Liberality in giving; munificence.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Magnanimity; liberality.</syn>

<h1>Generous</h1>
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<hw>Gen"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>g\'82n\'82reux</ets>, fr. L. <ets>generous</ets> of noble birth, noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. <ets>genus</ets> birth, race: cf. It. <ets>generoso</ets>. See 2d <er>Gender</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of honorable birth or origin; highborn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>generous</b> and gravest citizens.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exhibiting those qualities which are popularly reregarded as belonging to high birth; noble; honorable; magnanimous; spirited; courageous.</def> "The <i>generous</i> critic." <i>Pope</i>. "His <i>generous</i> spouse." <i>Pope</i>. "A <i>generous</i> pack [of hounds]." <i>Addison</i>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Open-handed; free to give; not close or niggardly; munificent; <as>as, a <ex>generous</ex> friend or father</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Characterized by generosity; abundant; overflowing; <as>as, a <ex>generous</ex> table</as>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Full of spirit or strength; stimulating; exalting; <as>as, <ex>generous</ex> wine</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Magnanimous; bountiful. See <er>Liberal</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Gen"er*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Gen"er*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Genesee epoch</h1>
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<hw>Gen`e*see" ep"och</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The closing subdivision of the Hamilton period in the American Devonian system; -- so called because the formations of this period crop out in <i>Genesee</i>, New York.</def>

<h1>Genesial</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ne"sial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to generation.</def>

<h1>Genesiolgy</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ne`si*ol"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ birth + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine or science of generation.</def>

<h1>Genesis</h1>
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<hw>Gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/, fr. the root of <?/ to beget, be born; akin to L. <ets>genus</ets> birth, race. See <er>Gender</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of producing, or giving birth or origin to anything; the process or mode of originating; production; formation; origination.</def>

<blockquote>The origin and <b>genasis</b> of poor Sterling's club.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The first book of the Old Testament; -- so called by the Greek translators, from its containing the history of the creation of the world and of the human race.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Generation</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Genet, Genette</h1>
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<hw>Gen"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ge*nette"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>genette</ets>, Sp. <ets>gineta</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>jarnei</ets><?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of small Carnivora of the genus <spn>Genetta</spn>, allied to the civets, but having the scent glands less developed, and without a pouch.</def>

<note>&hand; The common genet (<spn>Genetta vulgaris</spn>) of Southern Europe, Asia Minor, and North Africa, is dark gray, spotted with black. The long tail is banded with black and white. The Cape genet (<spn>G. felina</spn>), and the berbe (<spn>G. pardina</spn>), are related African species.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fur of the common genet (<spn>Genetta vulgaris</spn>); also, any skin dressed in imitation of this fur.</def>

<h1>Genet</h1>
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<hw>Gen"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Jennet</er>.]</ety> <def>A small-sized, well-proportioned, Spanish horse; a jennet.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Genethliac</h1>
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<hw>Ge*neth"li*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>genethliacus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ belonging to one's birth, <?/ birth, fr. <?/ to be born.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to nativities; calculated by astrologers; showing position of stars at one's birth.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Genethliac</h1>
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<hw>Ge*neth"li*ac</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A birthday poem.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One skilled in genethliacs.</def>

<h1>Genethliacal</h1>
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<hw>Gen`eth*li"a*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Genethliac.</def>

<h1>Genethliacs</h1>
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<hw>Ge*neth"li*acs</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of calculating nativities, or predicting the future events of life from the stars which preside at birth.</def>

<i>Jhonson.</i>

<h1>Genethlialogy</h1>
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<hw>Ge*neth`li*al"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ astrology; <?/ birth + <?/ discourse.]</ety> <def>Divination as to the destinies of one newly born; the act or art of casting nativities; astrology.</def>

<h1>Genethliatic</h1>
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<hw>Ge*neth`li*at"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who calculates nativities.</def>

<i>Sir W. Drummond.</i>

<h1>Genetic</h1>
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<hw>Ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Genetical</er>.</def>

<h1>Genetical</h1>
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<hw>Ge*net"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Genesis</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, concerned with, or determined by, the genesis of anything, or its natural mode of production or development.</def>

<blockquote>This historical, <b>genetical</b> method of viewing prior systems of philosophy.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Genetically</h1>
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<hw>Ge*net"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a genetical manner.</def>

<h1>Geneva</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ne"va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The chief city of Switzerland.</def>

<cs><col>Geneva Bible</col>, <cd>a translation of the Bible into English, made and published by English refugees in Geneva (Geneva, 1560; London, 1576). It was the first English Bible printed in Roman type instead of the ancient black letter, the first which recognized the division into verses, and the first which ommited the Apocrypha. In form it was a small quarto, and soon superseded the large folio of Cranmer's translation. Called also <altname>Genevan Bible</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Geneva convention</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>an agreement made by representatives of the great continental powers at Geneva and signed in 1864, establishing new and more humane regulation regarding the treatment of the sick and wounded and the status of those who minister to them in war. Ambulances and military hospitals are made neutral, and this condition affects physicians, chaplains, nurses, and the ambulance corps. Great Britain signed the convention in 1865.</cd> -- <col>Geneva cross</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a red Greek cross on a white ground; -- the flag and badge adopted in the Geneva convention.</cd></cs>

<h1>Geneva</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ne"va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>geni\'8avre</ets> juniper, juniper berry, gin, OF. <ets>geneivre</ets> juniper, fr. L. <ets>juniperus</ets> the juniper tree: cf. D. <ets>jenever</ets>, fr. F. <ets>geni\'8avre</ets>. See <er>Juniper</er>, and cf. <er>Gin</er> a liquor.]</ety> <def>A strongly alcoholic liquor, flavores with juniper berries; -- made in Holland; Holland gin; Hollands.</def>

<h1>Genevan</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ne"van</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevese.</def>

<h1>Genevan</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ne"van</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of Geneva.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A supported of Genevanism.</def>

<h1>Genevanism</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ne"van*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Geneva</ets>, where Calvin resided.]</ety> <def>Strict Calvinism.</def>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Genevese</h1>
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<hw>Gen`e*vese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>Genevensis</ets>, F. <ets>g\'82nevois</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevan.</def> -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt>  <def>A native or inhabitant of Geneva; collectively, the inhabitants of Geneva; people of Geneva.</def></def2>

<h1>Genial</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ni"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Genian</er>.</def>

<h1>Genial</h1>
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<hw>Gen"ial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>genialis</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>genial</ets>. See <er>Genius</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Contributing to, or concerned in, propagation or production; generative; procreative; productive.</def> "The <i>genial</i> bed."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Creator Venus, <b>genial</b> power of love.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contributing to, and sympathizing with, the enjoyment of life; sympathetically cheerful and cheering; jovial and inspiring joy or happiness; exciting pleasure and sympathy; enlivening; kindly; <as>as, she was of a cheerful and <ex>genial</ex> disposition</as>.</def>

<blockquote>So much I feel my <b>genial</b> spirits droop.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Belonging to one's genius or natural character; native; natural; inborn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Natural incapacity and <b>genial</b> indisposition.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Denoting or marked with genius<?/ belonging to the higher nature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Men of genius have often attached the highest value to their less <b>genial</b> works.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Genial gods</col> <fld>(Pagan Mythol.)</fld>, <cd>the powers supposed to preside over marriage and generation.</cd></cs>

<h1>Geniality</h1>
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<hw>Ge`ni*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>genialitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being genial; sympathetic cheerfulness; warmth of disposition and manners.</def>

<h1>Genially</h1>
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<hw>Gen"ial*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>By genius or nature; naturally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some men are <b>genially</b> disposed to some opinions.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gayly; cheerfully.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Genialness</h1>
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<hw>Gen"ial*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being genial.</def>

<h1>Genian</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ni"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ chin; akin to <?/ under jaw. Cf. <er>Chin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the chin; mental; <as>as, the <ex>genian</ex> prominence</as>.</def>

<h1>Geniculate</h1>
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<hw>Ge*nic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>geniculatus</ets>, fr. <ets>geniculum</ets> little knee, knot or joint, dim. of <ets>genu</ets> knee. See <er>Knee</er>.]</ety> <def>Bent abruptly at an angle, like the knee when bent; <as>as, a <ex>geniculate</ex> stem; a <ex>geniculate</ex> ganglion; a <ex>geniculate</ex> twin crystal.</as></def>

<h1>Geniculate</h1>
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<hw>Ge*nic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Geniculated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Geniculating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To form joints or knots on.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Geniculated</h1>
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<hw>Ge*nic"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Geniculate</er>.</def>

<h1>Geniculation</h1>
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<hw>Ge*nic`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>geniculatio</ets> a kneeling.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of kneeling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being bent abruptly at an angle.</def>

<h1>G\'82nie</h1>
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<hw>G\'82`nie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Genius</er>.</def>

<h1>Genio</h1>
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<hw>Ge"ni*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Genius</er>.]</ety> <def>A man of a particular turn of mind.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tatler.</i>

<h1>Geniohyoid</h1>
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<hw>Ge`ni*o*hy"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the chin + E. <ets>hyoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the chin and hyoid bone; <as>as, the <ex>geniohyoid</ex> muscle</as>.</def>

<h1>Genipap</h1>
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<hw>Gen"i*pap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The edible fruit of a West Indian tree (<spn>Genipa Americana</spn>) of the order <spn>Rubiace\'91</spn>. It is oval in shape, as a large as a small orange, of a pale greenish color, and with dark purple juice.</def>

<h1>Genista</h1>
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<hw>Ge*nis"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., broom.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants including the common broom of Western Europe.</def>

<h1>Genital</h1>
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<hw>Gen"i*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>genitalis</ets>, fr. <ets>genere</ets>, <ets>gignere</ets>, to beget: cf. F. <ets>g\'82nital</ets>. See <er>Gender</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to generation, or to the generative organs.</def>

<cs><col>Genital cord</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a cord developed in the fetus by the union of portions of the Wolffian and M\'81llerian ducts and giving rise to parts of the urogenital passages in both sexes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Genitals</h1>
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<hw>Gen"i*tals</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Genital</er>, <tt>a.</tt>: cf. L. <ets>genitalia</ets>.]</ety> <def>The organs of generation; the sexual organs; the private parts.</def>

<h1>Geniting</h1>
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<hw>Gen"i*ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Jenneting</er>.]</ety> <def>A species of apple that ripens very early.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Genitival</h1>
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<hw>Gen`i*ti"val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Possessing genitive from; pertaining to, or derived from, the genitive case; <as>as, a <ex>genitival</ex> adverb</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Gen`i*ti"val*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Genitive</h1>
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<hw>Gen"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>genitivus</ets>, fr. <ets>gignere</ets>, <ets>genitum</ets>, to beget: cf. F. <ets>g\'82nitif</ets>. See <er>Gender</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to that case (as the second case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses source or possession.  It corresponds to the possessive case in English.</def>

<h1>Genitive</h1>
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<hw>Gen"i*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The genitive case.</def>

<cs><col>Genitive absolute</col>, <cd>a construction in Greek similar to the ablative absolute in Latin. See <cref>Ablative absolute</cref>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Genitocrural</h1>
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<hw>Gen`i*to*cru"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Genit</ets>al + <ets>crural</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the genital organs and the thigh; -- applied especially to one of the lumbar nerves.</def>

<h1>Genitor</h1>
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<hw>Gen"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who begets; a generator; an originator.</def>

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The genitals.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Genitourinary</h1>
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<hw>Gen`i*to*u"ri*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Genit</ets>al + <ets>urinary</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Urogenital</er>.</def>

<h1>Geniture</h1>
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<hw>Gen"i*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>genitura</ets>: cf. F. <ets>g\'82niture</ets>.]</ety> <def>Generation; procreation; birth.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Genius</h1>
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<hw>Gen"ius</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Geniuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>; <i>in sense 1</i>, L. <plw>Genii</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>genius</ets>, prop., the superior or divine nature which is innate in everything, the spirit, the tutelar deity or genius of a person or place, taste, talent, genius, from <ets>genere</ets>, <ets>gignere</ets>, to beget, bring forth. See <er>Gender</er>, and cf. <er>Engine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A good or evil spirit, or demon, supposed by the ancients to preside over a man's destiny in life; a tutelary deity; a supernatural being; a spirit, good or bad. Cf. <er>Jinnee</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The unseen <b>genius</b> of the wood.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We talk of genius still, but with thought how changed! The <b>genius</b> of Augustus was a tutelary demon, to be sworn by and to receive offerings on an altar as a deity.
<i>Tylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The peculiar structure of mind with whoch each individual is endowed by nature; that disposition or aptitude of mind which is peculiar to each man, and which qualifies him for certain kinds of action or special success in any pursuit; special taste, inclination, or disposition; <as>as, a <ex>genius</ex> for history, for poetry, or painting</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Peculiar character; animating spirit, as of a nation, a religion, a language.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Distinguished mental superiority; uncommon intellectual power; especially, superior power of invention or origination of any kind, or of forming new combinations; <as>as, a man of <ex>genius</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Genius</b> of the highest kind implies an unusual intensity of the modifyng power.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A man endowed with uncommon vigor of mind; a man of superior intellectual faculties; <as>as, Shakespeare was a rare <ex>genius</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Genius</er>, <er>Talent</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Genius</i> implies high and peculiar gifts of nature, impelling the mind to certain favorite kinds of mental effort, and producing new combinations of ideas, imagery, etc. <i>Talent</i> supposes general strength of intellect, with a peculiar aptitude for being molded and directed to specific employments and valuable ends and purposes. <i>Genius</i> is connected more or less with the exercise of imagination, and reaches its ends by a kind of intuitive power. <i>Talent</i> depends more on high mental training, and a perfect command of all the faculties, memory, judgment, sagacity, etc. Hence we speak of a <i>genius</i> for poetry, painting. etc., and a <i>talent</i> for business or diplomacy. Among English orators, Lord Chatham was distinguished for his <i>genius</i>; William Pitt for his pre\'89minent <i>talents</i>, and especially his unrivaled <i>talent</i> for debate.</usage>

<hr>
<page="620">
Page 620<p>

<cs><col>Genius loci</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety>, <cd>the genius or presiding divinity of a place; hence, the pervading spirit of a place or institution, as of a college, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Genoese</h1>
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<hw>Gen`o*ese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Genoa, a city of Italy.</def> -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Genoa; collectively, the people of Genoa.</def></def2>

<h1>Genouill\'8are</h1>
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<hw>Ge*nouil`l\'8are"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>A metal plate covering the knee.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>That part of a parapet which lies between the gun platform and the bottom of an embrasure.</def>

<h1>-genous</h1>
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<hw>-ge*nous</hw>. <ety>[<ets>-gen</ets> + <ets>-ous</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix signifying <i>producing</i>, <i>yielding</i>; <as>as, alkali<ex>genous</ex>; endo<ex>genous</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Genre</h1>
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<hw>Genre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Gender</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A style of painting, sculpture, or other imitative art, which illustrates everyday life and manners.</def>

<h1>Gens</h1>
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<hw>Gens</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gentes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Gentle</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Hist.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A clan or family connection, embracing several families of the same stock, who had a common name and certain common religious rites; a subdivision of the Roman curia or tribe</def>.

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A minor subdivision of a tribe, among American aborigines. It includes those who have a common descent, and bear the same totem.</def>

<h1>Gent</h1>
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<hw>Gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>gent</ets>, fr. L. <ets>genitus</ets> born, or (less prob.) fr. <ets>gentilis</ets>. See <er>Genteel</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Gentle; noble; of gentle birth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All of a knight [who] was fair and <b>gent</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Neat; pretty; fine; elegant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Her body <b>gent</b> and small.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Genteel</h1>
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<hw>Gen*teel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gentil</ets> noble, pretty, graceful. See <er>Gentle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessing or exhibiting the qualities popularly regarded as belonging to high birth and breeding; free from vulgarity, or lowness of taste or behavior; adapted to a refined or cultivated taste; polite; well-bred; <as>as, <ex>genteel</ex> company, manners, address</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Graceful in mien or form; elegant in appearance, dress, or manner; <as>as, the lady has a <ex>genteel</ex> person</as>. <i>Law</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Suited to the position of lady or a gentleman; <as>as, to live in a <ex>genteel</ex> allowance</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Polite; well-bred; refined; polished.</syn>

<h1>Genteelish</h1>
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<hw>Gen*teel"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat genteel.</def>

<h1>Genteelly</h1>
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<hw>Gen*teel"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a genteel manner.</def>

<h1>Genteelness</h1>
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<hw>Gen*teel"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being genteel.</def>

<mhw><h1>Genterie, Gentrie</h1>
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<hw>Gen"ter*ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gen"trie</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. See <er>Gentry</er>.]</ety> <def>Nobility of birth or of character; gentility.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gentian</h1>
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<hw>Gen"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>genciane</ets>, F. <ets>gentiane</ets>, L. <ets>gentiana</ets>, fr. <ets>Gentius</ets>, an Illyrian king, said to have discovered its properties.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any one of a genus (<spn>Gentiana</spn>) of herbaceous plants with opposite leaves and a tubular four- or five-lobed corolla, usually blue, but sometimes white, yellow, or red. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Capsule</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; Many species are found on the highest mountains of Europe, Asia, and America, and some are prized for their beauty, as the Alpine (<spn>Gentiana verna</spn>, <spn>Bavarica</spn>, and <spn>excisa</spn>), and the American fringed gentians (<spn>G. crinita</spn> and <spn>G. detonsa</spn>). Several are used as tonics, especially the bitter roots of <spn>Gentiana lutea</spn>, the officinal gentian of the pharmacop&oe;ias.</note>

<cs><col>Horse gentian</col>, <cd>fever root.</cd> -- <col>Yellow gentian</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the officinal gentian (<spn>Gentiana lutea</spn>). See <er>Bitterwort</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gentianaceous</h1>
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<hw>Gen`tian*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (<spn>Gentianace\'91</spn>) of which the gentian is the type.</def>

<h1>Gentianella</h1>
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<hw>Gen`tian*el"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gentian</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of blue color.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Gentianic</h1>
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<hw>Gen`ti*an"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to or derived from the gentian; <as>as, <ex>gentianic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Gentianine</h1>
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<hw>Gen"tian*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter, crystallizable substance obtained from gentian.</def>

<h1>Gentianose</h1>
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<hw>Gen"tian*ose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystallizable, sugarlike substance, with a slightly sweetish taste, obtained from the gentian.</def>

<h1>Gentil</h1>
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<hw>Gen"til</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Gentle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gentile</h1>
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<hw>Gen"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gentilis</ets> belonging to the same clan, stock, race, people, or nation; in opposition to <ets>Roman</ets>, a foreigner; in opposition to <ets>Jew</ets> or <ets>Christian</ets>, a heathen: cf. F. <ets>gentil</ets>. See <er>Gentle</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>One of a non-Jewish nation; one neither a Jew nor a Christian; a worshiper of false gods; a heathen.</def>

<note>&hand; The Hebrews included in the term <i>g\'d3yim</i>, or nations, all the tribes of men who had not received the true faith, and were not circumcised. The Christians translated <i>g\'d3yim</i> by the L. <i>gentes</i>, and imitated the Jews in giving the name <i>gentiles</i> to all nations who were neither Jews nor Christians. In civil affairs, the denomination was given to all nations who were not Romans.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Pagan; heathen. See <er>Pagan</er>.</syn>

<h1>Gentile</h1>
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<hw>Gen"tile</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to the nations at large, as distinguished from the <i>Jews</i>; ethnic; of pagan or heathen people.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Denoting a race or country; <as>as, a <ex>gentile</ex> noun or adjective</as>.</def>

<h1>Gentile-falcon</h1>
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<hw>Gen"tile-fal`con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Falcon-gentil</er>.</def>

<h1>Gentilesse</h1>
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<hw>Gen`ti*lesse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>gentilesse</ets>, <ets>gentelise</ets>, F. <ets>gentillesse</ets>. See <er>Gentle</er>. <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Gentleness; courtesy; kindness; nobility.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gentilish</h1>
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<hw>Gen"til*ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Heathenish; pagan.</def>

<h1>Gentilism</h1>
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<hw>Gen"til*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gentilisme</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Hethenism; paganism; the worship of false gods.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tribal feeling; devotion to one's <i>gens</i>.</def>

<h1>Gentilitial, Gentilitious</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gen`ti*li"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gen`ti*li"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gentilitius</ets>. See <er>Gentile</er>.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Peculiar to a people; national.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hereditary; entailed on a family.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Gentility</h1>
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<hw>Gen*til"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gentilitas</ets> the relationship of those who belong to the same clan, also, heathenism: cf. F. <ets>gentilit\'82</ets> heathenism. See <er>Gentile</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Good extraction; dignity of birth.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>He . . . mines my <b>gentility</b> with my education.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality or qualities appropriate to those who are well born, as self-respect, dignity, courage, courtesy, politeness of manner, a graceful and easy mien and behavior, etc.; good breeding.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The class in society who are, or are expected to be, genteel; the gentry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir J. Davies.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Paganism; heathenism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Gentilize</h1>
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<hw>Gen"til*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gentile</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To live like a gentile or heathen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act the gentleman; -- with <i>it</i> (see <er>It</er>, 5).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gentilize</h1>
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<hw>Gen"til*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To render gentile or gentlemanly; <as>as, to <ex>gentilize</ex> your unworthy sones</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sylvester.</i>

<h1>Gentilly</h1>
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<hw>Gen"til*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Gentil</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>In a gentle or hoble manner; frankly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gentiopikrin</h1>
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<hw>Gen`ti*o*pi"krin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gentian</ets> + Gr. <?/ bitter.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter, yellow, crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside, and obtained from the gentian.</def>

<h1>Gentisin</h1>
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<hw>Gen"ti*sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A tasteless, yellow, crystalline substance, obtained from the gentian; -- called also <altname>gentianin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Gentle</h1>
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<hw>Gen"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Gentler</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Gentlest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gentil</ets>, F. <ets>gentil</ets> noble, pretty, graceful, fr. L. <ets>gentilis</ets> of the same clan or race, fr. <ets>gens</ets>, <ets>gentis</ets>, tribe, clan, race, orig. that which belongs together by birth, fr. the root of <ets>genere</ets>, <ets>gignere</ets>, to beget; hence <ets>gentle</ets>, properly, of birth or family, that is, of good or noble birth. See <er>Gender</er>, and cf. <er>Genteel</er>, <er>Gentil</er>, <er>Gentile</er>, <er>Gentoo</er>, <er>Jaunty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Well-born; of a good family or respectable birth, though not noble.</def>

<blockquote>British society is divided into nobility, gentry, and yeomanry, and families are either noble, <b>gentle</b>, or simple.
<i>Johnson's Cyc.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The studies wherein our noble and <b>gentle</b> youth ought to bestow their time.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Quiet and refined in manners; not rough, harsh, or stern; mild; meek; bland; amiable; tender; <as>as, a <ex>gentle</ex> nature, temper, or disposition; a <ex>gentle</ex> manner; a <ex>gentle</ex> address; a <ex>gentle</ex> voice.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A compellative of respect, consideration, or conciliation; <as>as, <ex>gentle</ex> reader</as>.</def> "<i>Gentle</i> sirs."  "<i>Gentle</i> Jew."  "<i>Gentle</i> servant."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not wild, turbulent, or refractory; quiet and docile; tame; peaceable; <as>as, a <ex>gentle</ex> horse</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Soft; not violent or rough; not strong, loud, or disturbing; easy; soothing; pacific; <as>as, a <ex>gentle</ex> touch; a <ex>gentle</ex> gallop.</def> "<i>Gentle</i> music."</as>

<i>Sir J. Davies.</i>

<blockquote>O sleep! it is a <b>gentle</b> thing.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The gentle craft</col>, <cd>the art or trade of shoemaking.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Mild; meek; placid; dovelike; quiet; peaceful; pacific; bland; soft; tame; tractable; docile.</syn>  -- <usage><er>Gentle</er>, <er>Tame</er>, <er>Mild</er>, <er>Meek</er>. <i>Gentle</i> describes the natural disposition; <i>tame</i>, that which is subdued by training; <i>mild</i> implies a temper which is, by nature, not easily provoked; <i>meek</i>, a spirit which has been schooled to mildness by discipline or suffering. The lamb is <i>gentle</i>; the domestic fowl is <i>tame</i>; John, the Apostle, was <i>mild</i>; Moses was <i>meek</i>.</usage>

<h1>Gentle</h1>
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<hw>Gen"tle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One well born; a gentleman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Gentles</b>, methinks you frown.
<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A trained falcon. See <er>Falcon-gentil</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dipterous larva used as fish bait.</def>

<h1>Gentle</h1>
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<hw>Gent"le</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make genteel; to raise from the vulgar; to ennoble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make smooth, cozy, or agreeable.</def> <mark>[R. or Poet.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>gentle</b> life's descent,
We shut our eyes, and think it is a plain.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make kind and docile, as a horse.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<mhw><h1>Gentlefolk, Gentlefolks</h1>
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<hw>Gen"tle*folk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gen"tle*folks`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Persons of gentle or good family and breeding. <ety>[Generally in the United States in the plural form.]</ety>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gentle-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Gen"tle-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a kind or gentle disposition.</def> <i>Shak</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Gen"tle-heart`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Gentleman</h1>
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<hw>Gen"tle*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gentlemen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>gentilman</ets> nobleman; <ets>gentil</ets> noble + <ets>man</ets> man; cf. F. <ets>gentilhomme</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A man well born; one of good family; one above the condition of a yeoman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of gentle or refined manners; a well-bred man.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>One who bears arms, but has no title.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The servant of a man of rank.</def>

<blockquote>The count's <b>gentleman</b>, one Cesario.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A man, irrespective of condition; -- used esp. in the plural (= citizens; people), in addressing men in popular assemblies, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; In Great Britain, the term <i>gentleman</i> is applied in a limited sense to those having coats of arms, but who are without a title, and, in this sense, <i>gentlemen</i> hold a middle rank between the nobility and yeomanry. In a more extended sense, it includes every man above the rank of yeoman, comprehending the nobility. In the United States, the term is applied to men of education and good breeding of every occupation.</note>

<cs><col>Gentleman commoner</col>, <cd>one of the highest class of commoners at the University of Oxford.</cd> -- <col>Gentleman usher</col>, <cd>one who ushers visitors into the presence of a sovereign, etc.</cd> -- <col>Gentleman usher of the black rod</col>, <cd>an usher belonging to the Order of the Garter, whose chief duty is to serve as official messenger of the House of Lords.</cd> -- <col>Gentlemen-at-arms</col>, <cd>a band of forty gentlemen who attend the sovereign on state occasions; formerly called <i>gentlemen pensioners<i>. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Gentlemanhood</h1>
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<hw>Gen"tle*man*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The qualities or condition of a gentleman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Gentlemanlike, Gentlemanly</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gen"tle*man*like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gen"tle*man*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, resembling, or becoming, a gentleman; well-behaved; courteous; polite.</def>

<h1>Gentlemanliness</h1>
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<hw>Gen"tle*man*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being gentlemanly; gentlemanly conduct or manners.</def>

<h1>Gentlemanship</h1>
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<hw>Gen"tle*man*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The carriage or quality of a gentleman.</def>

<h1>Gentleness</h1>
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<hw>Gen"tle*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being gentle, well-born, mild, benevolent, docile, etc.; gentility; softness of manners, disposition, etc.; mildness.</def>

<h1>Gentleship</h1>
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<hw>Gen"tle*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The deportment or conduct of a gentleman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<h1>Gentlesse</h1>
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<hw>Gent"lesse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Gentilesse; gentleness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gentlewoman</h1>
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<hw>Gen"tle*wom`an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gentlewomen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A woman of good family or of good breeding; a woman above the vulgar.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A woman who attends a lady of high rank.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gently</h1>
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<hw>Gen"tly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a gentle manner.</def>

<blockquote>My mistress <b>gently</b> chides the fault I made.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gentoo</h1>
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<hw>Gen*too"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gentoos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Pg. <ets>gentio</ets> gentile, heathen. See <er>Gentile</er>.]</ety> <def>A native of Hindostan; a Hindoo.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Gentry</h1>
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<hw>Gen"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>genterie</ets>, <ets>gentrie</ets>, noble birth, nobility, cf. <ets>gentrise</ets>, and OF. <ets>gentelise</ets>, <ets>genterise</ets>, E. <ets>gentilesse</ets>, also OE. <ets>genteleri</ets> high-mindedness. See <er>Gent</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Gentle</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Birth; condition; rank by birth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Pride of <i>gentrie</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>She conquers him by high almighty Jove,
By knighthood, <b>gentry</b>, and sweet friendship's oath.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>People of education and good breeding; in England, in a restricted sense, those between the nobility and the yeomanry.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Courtesy; civility; complaisance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To show us so much <b>gentry</b> and good will.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Genty</h1>
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<hw>Gen"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From F. <ets>gentil</ets>. Cf. <er>Jaunty</er>.]</ety> <def>Neat; trim.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Genu</h1>
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<hw>Ge"nu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.  <plw>Genua</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., the knee.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The knee.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The kneelike bend, in the anterior part of the callosum of the brain.</def>

<h1>Genuflect</h1>
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<hw>Gen`u*flect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Genuflected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Genuflecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Genuflection</er>.]</ety> <def>To bend the knee, as in worship.</def>

<h1>Genuflection</h1>
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<hw>Gen`u*flec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>g\'82nuflexion</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>genuflexio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>genu</ets> knee + <ets>flexio</ets> a bending, fr. <ets>flectere</ets>, <ets>flexum</ets>, to bend. See <er>Knee</er>, <er>Flexible</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of bending the knee, particularly in worship.</def>

<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i>

<h1>Genuine</h1>
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<hw>Gen"u*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>genuinus</ets>, fr. <ets>genere</ets>, <ets>gignere</ets>, to beget, in pass., to be born: cf. F. <ets>g\'82nuine</ets>. See <er>Gender</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or proceeding from, the original stock; native; hence, not counterfeit, spurious, false, or adulterated; authentic; real; natural; true; pure; <as>as, a <ex>genuine</ex> text; a <ex>genuine</ex> production; <ex>genuine</ex> materials.</as></def> "True, <i>genuine</i> night."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Authentic; real; true; pure; unalloyed; unadulterated. See <er>Authentic</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Gen"u*ine*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Gen"u*ine*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>The evidence, both internal and external, against the <b>genuineness</b> of these letters, is overwhelming.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Genus</h1>
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<hw>Ge"nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Genera</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., birth, race, kind, sort; akin to Gr. <?/. See <er>Gender</er>, and cf. <er>Benign</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A class of objects divided into several subordinate species; a class more extensive than a species; a precisely defined and exactly divided class; one of the five predicable conceptions, or sorts of terms.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An assemblage of species, having so many fundamental points of structure in common, that in the judgment of competent scientists, they may receive a common substantive name. A genus is not necessarily the lowest definable group of species, for it may often be divided into several subgenera. In proportion as its definition is exact, it is <i>natural</i> genus; if its definition can not be made clear, it is more or less an <i>artificial</i> genus.</def>

<note>&hand; Thus in the animal kingdom the lion, leopard, tiger, cat, and panther are species of the Cat kind or genus, while in the vegetable kingdom all the species of oak form a single genus. Some genera are represented by a multitude of species, as Solanum (<it>Nightshade</it>) and Carex (<it>Sedge</it>), others by few, and some by only one known species.</note>

<cs><col>Subaltern genus</col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>a genus which may be a species of a higher genus, as the genus denoted by <i>quadruped<i>, which is also a species of <i>mammal<i>.</cd> -- <col>Summum genus</col> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>the highest genus; a genus which can not be classed as a species, as <i>being<i> .</cd></cs>

<h1>Genys</h1>
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<hw>Ge"nys</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the under jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Conys</er>.</def>

<h1>Geocentric, Geocentrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ge`o*cen"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ge`o*cen"tric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ center: cf. F. <ets>g\'82ocentrique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having reference to the earth as center; in relation to or seen from the earth, -- usually opposed to <i>heliocentric</i>, as seen from the sun; <as>as, the <ex>geocentric</ex> longitude or latitude of a planet</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having reference to the center of the earth.</def>

<cs><col>Geocentric latitude</col><cd> (of place) the angle included between the radius of the earth through the place and the plane of the equator, in distinction from <i>geographic<i> latitude. It is a little less than the geographic latitude.</cd></cs>

<h1>Geocentrically</h1>
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<hw>Ge`o*cen"tric*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a geocentric manner.</def>

<h1>Geocronite</h1>
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<hw>Ge*oc"ro*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ Saturn, the alchemistic name of lead: cf. G. <ets>geokronit</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A lead-gray or grayish blue mineral with a metallic luster, consisting of sulphur, antimony, and lead, with a small proportion of arsenic.</def>

<h1>Geocyclic</h1>
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<hw>Ge`o*cyc"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ circle .]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of, pertaining to, or illustrating, the revolutions of the earth; <as>as, a <ex>geocyclic</ex> machine</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Circling the earth periodically.</def>

<h1>Geode</h1>
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<hw>Ge"ode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>g\'82ode</ets>, L. <ets>geodes</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ earthlike; <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A nodule of stone, containing a cavity, lined with crystals or mineral matter.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cavity in such a nodule.</def>

<hr>
<page="621">
Page 621<p>

<h1>Geodephagous</h1>
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<hw>Ge`o*deph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, earth + <?/ eating one's fill; gluttonous.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Living in the earth; -- applied to the ground beetles.</def>

<h1>Geodesic, Geodesical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ge`o*des"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ge`o*des"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>g\'82od\'82sique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to geodetic.</def>

<h1>Geodesic</h1>
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<hw>Ge`o*des"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A geodetic line or curve.</def>

<h1>Geodesist</h1>
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<hw>Ge*od"e*sist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in geodesy.</def>

<h1>Geodesy</h1>
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<hw>Ge*od"e*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ to divide: cf. F. <ets>g\'82od\'82sie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>That branch of applied mathematics which determines, by means of observations and measurements, the figures and areas of large portions of the earth's surface, or the general figure and dimenshions of the earth; or that branch of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is taken into account, as in the surveys of States, or of long lines of coast.</def>

<h1>Geodetic, Geodetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ge`o*det"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ge`o*det"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to gebdesy; obtained or determined by the operations of geodesy; engaged in geodesy; geodesic; <as>as, <ex>geodetic</ex> surveying; <ex>geodetic</ex> observers.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Geodetic line</col> &or; <col>curve</col></mcol>, <cd>the shortest line that can be drawn between two points on the elipsoidal surface of the earth; a curve drawn on any given surface so that the osculating plane of the curve at every point shall contain the normal to the surface; the minimum line that can be drawn on any surface between any two points.</cd></cs>

<h1>Geodetically</h1>
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<hw>Ge`o*det"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a geodetic manner; according to geodesy.</def>

<h1>Geodetics</h1>
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<hw>Ge`o*det"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Geodesy</er>.</def>

<h1>Geodiferous</h1>
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<hw>Ge`o*dif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Geode</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Producing geodes; containing geodes.</def>

<h1>Geoduck</h1>
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<hw>Ge"o*duck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[American Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A gigantic clam (<spn>Glycimeris generosa</spn>) of the Pacific coast of North America, highly valued as an article of food.</def>

<h1>Geognosis</h1>
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<hw>Ge`og*no"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Geognosy</er>.]</ety> <def>Knowledge of the earth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Geognost</h1>
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<hw>Ge"og*nost</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>g\'82ognoste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in geognosy; a geologist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Geognostic, Geognostical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ge`og*nos"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ge`og*nos"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>g\'82ognostique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to geognosy, or to a knowledge of the structure of the earth; geological.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Geognosy</h1>
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<hw>Ge*og"no*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ knowing, knowledge, fr. <?/ to know: cf. F. <ets>g\'82ognosie</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of geology which treats of the materials of the earth's structure, and its general exterior and interior constitution.</def>

<h1>Geogonic, Geogonical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ge`o*gon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ge`o*gon"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>g\'82ogonique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to geogony, or to the formation of the earth.</def>

<h1>Geogony</h1>
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<hw>Ge*og"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ generation, birth, fr. the root of <?/ to be born: cf. F. <ets>g\'82ogonie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The branch of science which treats of the formation of the earth.</def>

<h1>Geographer</h1>
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<hw>Ge*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in geography.</def>

<h1>Geographic, Geographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ge`o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ge`o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>geographicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>g\'82ographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to geography.</def>

<cs><col>Geographical distribution</col>. <cd>See under <er>Distribution</er>.</cd> -- <col>Geographic latitude</col><cd> (of a place), the angle included between a line perpendicular or normal to the level surface of water at rest at the place, and the plane of the equator; differing slightly from the geocentric latitude by reason of the difference between the earth's figure and a true sphere.</cd> -- <col>Geographical mile</col>. <cd>See under <er>Mile</er>.</cd> -- <col>Geographical variation</col>, <cd>any variation of a species which is dependent on climate or other geographical conditions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Geographically</h1>
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<hw>Ge`o*graph"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a geographical manner or method; according to geography.</def>

<h1>Geography</h1>
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<hw>Ge*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Geographies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>g\'82ographie</ets>, l. <ets>geographia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ description, fr. <?/ to write, describe. See <er>Graphic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science which treats of the world and its inhabitants; a description of the earth, or a portion of the earth, including its structure, fetures, products, political divisions, and the people by whom it is inhabited.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A treatise on this science.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Astronomical</col>, <col>or Mathematical</col></mcol>, <cd>geography treats of the earth as a planet, of its shape, its size, its lines of latitude and longitude, its zones, and the phenomena due to to the earth's diurnal and annual motions.</cd> -- <col>Physical geography</col><cd> treats of the conformation of the earth's surface, of the distribution of land and water, of minerals, plants, animals, etc., and applies the principles of physics to the explanation of the diversities of climate, productions, etc.</cd> -- <col>Political geography</col><cd> treats of the different countries into which earth is divided with regard to political and social and institutions and conditions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Geolatry</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ worship.]</ety> <def>The worship of the earth.</def>

<i>G. W. Cox.</i>

<caption><er>The Geological Series</er>.
<note>&hand; The science of geology, as treating of the history of the globe, involves a description of the different strata which compose its crust, their order of succession, characteristic forms of animal and vegetable life, etc. The principal subdivisions of geological time, and the most important strata, with their relative positions, are indicated in the following diagram.</note></caption>
<-- illustration of geological periods, with rock layers, takes one column from top to bottom of the page here -->

<h1>Geologer, Geologian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ge*ol"o*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ge`o*lo"gi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A geologist.</def>

<h1>Geologic, Geological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ge`o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ge`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>g\'82ologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to geology, or the science of the earth.</def>

<h1>Geologically</h1>
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<hw>Ge`o*log"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a geological manner.</def>

<h1>Geologist</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>G\'82ologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in the science of geology.</def>

<h1>Geologize</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ol"o*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Geologized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Geologizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To study geology or make geological investigations in the field; to discourse as a geologist.</def>

<blockquote>During midsummer <b>geologized</b> a little in Shropshire.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Geology</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Geologies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>g\'82ologie</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The science which treats: <sd>(a)</sd> Of the structure and mineral constitution of the globe; <i>structural geology</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> Of its history as regards rocks, minerals, rivers, valleys, mountains, climates, life, etc.; <i>historical geology</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> Of the causes and methods by which its structure, features, changes, and conditions have been produced; <i>dynamical geology</i>. See Chart of <er>The Geological Series</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A treatise on the science.</def>

<h1>Geomalism</h1>
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<hw>Ge*om"a*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ a leveling.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The tendency of an organism to respond, during its growth, to the force of gravitation.</def>

<h1>Geomancer</h1>
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<hw>Ge"o*man`cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices, or is versed in, geomancy.</def>

<h1>Geomancy</h1>
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<hw>Ge"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>geomance</ets>, <ets>geomancie</ets>, F. <ets>g\'82omance</ets>, <ets>g\'82omancie</ets>, LL. <ets>geomantia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ divination.]</ety> <def>A kind of divination by means of figures or lines, formed by little dots or points, originally on the earth, and latterly on paper.</def>

<h1>Geomantic, Geomantical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ge`o*man"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ge`o*man"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>g\'82omantique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining or belonging to geomancy.</def>

<h1>Geometer</h1>
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<hw>Ge*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>g\'82om\'8atre</ets>, L. <ets>geometres</ets>, <ets>geometra</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ measure. See <er>Meter</er> measure.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One skilled in geometry; a geometrician; a mathematician.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of geometrid moth; a geometrid.</def>

<h1>Geometral</h1>
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<hw>Ge*om"e*tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>g\'82om\'82tral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to geometry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Geometric, Geometrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ge`o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ge`o*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>geometricus</ets>; Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>g\'82om\'82trique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or according to the rules or principles of, geometry; determined by geometry; <as>as, a <ex>geometrical</ex> solution of a problem</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Geometric</i> is often used, as opposed to <i>algebraic</i>, to include processes or solutions in which the propositions or principles of geometry are made use of rather than those of algebra.</note>

<note>&hand; <i>Geometrical</i> is often used in a limited or strictly technical sense, as opposed to <i>mechanical</i>; thus, a construction or solution is <i>geometrical</i> which can be made by ruler and compasses, <i>i</i>. <i>e</i>., by means of right lines and circles. Every construction or solution which requires any other curve, or such motion of a line or circle as would generate any other curve, is not <i>geometrical</i>, but <i>mechanical</i>. By another distinction, a <i>geometrical</i> solution is one obtained by the rules of geometry, or processes of analysis, and hence is exact; while a <i>mechanical</i> solution is one obtained by trial, by actual measurements, with instruments, etc., and is only approximate and empirical.</note>

<cs><col>Geometrical curve</col>. <cd>Same as <i>Algebraic curve<i>; -- so called because their different points may be constructed by the operations of elementary geometry.</cd> -- <col>Geometric lathe</col>, <cd>an instrument for engraving bank notes, etc., with complicated patterns of interlacing lines; -- called also <altname>cycloidal engine</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Geometrical pace</col>, <cd>a measure of five feet.</cd> -- <col>Geometric pen</col>, <cd>an instrument for drawing geometric curves, in which the movements of a pen or pencil attached to a revolving arm of ajustable length may be indefinitely varied by changing the toothed wheels which give motion to the arm.</cd> -- <col>Geometrical plane</col> <fld>(Persp.)</fld>, <cd>the same as <altname>Ground plane</altname> .</cd> -- <mcol><col>Geometrical progression</col>, <col>proportion</col>, <col>ratio</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Progression</er>, <er>Proportion</er> and <er>Ratio</er>.</cd> -- <col>Geometrical radius</col>, <cd>in gearing, the radius of the pitch circle of a cogwheel.</cd> <i>Knight</i>. -- <col>Geometric spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of many species of spiders, which spin a geometrical web. They mostly belong to <spn>Epeira</spn> and allied genera, as the garden spider. See <er>Garden spider</er>.</cd> -- <col>Geometric square</col>, <cd>a portable instrument in the form of a square frame for ascertaining distances and heights by measuring angles.</cd> -- <col>Geometrical staircase</col>, <cd>one in which the stairs are supported by the wall at one end only.</cd> -- <col>Geometrical tracery</col>, <cd>in architecture and decoration, tracery arranged in geometrical figures.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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Page 622<p>

<h1>Geometrically</h1>
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<hw>Ge`o*met"ric*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to the rules or laws of geometry.</def>

<h1>Geometrician</h1>
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<hw>Ge*om`e*tri"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in geometry; a geometer; a mathematician.</def>

<h1>Geometrid</h1>
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<hw>Ge*om"e*trid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining or belonging to the <i>Geometrid\'91</i>.</def>

<h1>Geometrid</h1>
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<hw>Ge*om"e*trid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of numerous genera and species of moths, of the family <i>Geometrid\'91</i>; -- so called because their larv\'91 (called <i>loopers</i>, <i>measuring worms</i>, <i>spanworms</i>, and <i>inchworms</i>) creep in a looping manner, as if measuring. Many of the species are injurious to agriculture, as the cankerworms.</def>

<h1>Geometrize</h1>
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<hw>Ge*om"e*trize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Geometrized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Geometrizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To investigate or apprehend geometrical quantities or laws; to make geometrical constructions; to proceed in accordance with the principles of geometry.</def>

<blockquote>Nature <b>geometrizeth</b>, and observeth order in all things.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Geometry</h1>
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<hw>Ge*om"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>; <plu>pl</plu>. <plw>Geometries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>g\'82om\'82trie</ets>, L. <ets>geometria</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to measure land; <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ to measure. So called because one of its earliest and most important applications was to the measurement of the earth's surface. See <er>Geometer</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That branch of mathematics which investigates the relations, properties, and measurement of solids, surfaces, lines, and angles; the science which treats of the properties and relations of magnitudes; the science of the relations of space.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A treatise on this science.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Analytical, &or; Co\'94rdinate</col>, <col>geometry</col></mcol>, <cd>that branch of mathematical analysis which has for its object the analytical investigation of the relations and properties of geometrical magnitudes.</cd> -- <col>Descriptive geometry</col>, <cd>that part of geometry which treats of the graphic solution of all problems involving three dimensions.</cd> -- <col>Elementary geometry</col>, <cd>that part of geometry which treats of the simple properties of straight lines, circles, plane surface, solids bounded by plane surfaces, the sphere, the cylinder, and the right cone.</cd> -- <col>Higher geometry</col>, <cd>that pert of geometry which treats of those properties of straight lines, circles, etc., which are less simple in their relations, and of curves and surfaces of the second and higher degrees.</cd></cs>

<h1>Geophagism</h1>
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<hw>Ge*oph"a*gism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, earth + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <def>The act or habit of eating earth. See <cref>Dirt eating</cref>, under <er>Dirt</er>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Geophagist</h1>
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<hw>Ge*oph"a*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who eats earth, as dirt, clay, chalk, etc.</def>

<h1>Geophagous</h1>
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<hw>Ge*oph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Earth-eating.</def>

<h1>Geophila</h1>
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<hw>Ge*oph"i*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr.<?/, <?/, earth + <?/ to love.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of Mollusca which includes the land snails and slugs.</def>

<h1>Geoponic, Geoponical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ge`o*pon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ge`o*pon"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, earth + <?/ toilsome, fr. <?/ labor: cf. F. <ets>g\'82oponique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to tillage of the earth, or agriculture.</def>

<h1>Geoponics</h1>
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<hw>Ge`o*pon"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>g\'82oponique</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or science of cultivating the earth; agriculture.</def>

<i>Evelin.</i>

<h1>Georama</h1>
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<hw>Ge`o*ra"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ sight, view, <?/ to see, view: cf. F. <ets>g\'82orama</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hollow globe on the inner surface of which a map of the world is depicted, to be examined by one standing inside.</def>

<h1>Geordie</h1>
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<hw>Geor"die</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A name given by miners to <i>George</i> Stephenson's safety lamp.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>George</h1>
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<hw>George</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>George</ets>, or <ets>Georges</ets>, a proper name, fr. Gr. <?/ husbandman, laborer; <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ to work; akin to E. <ets>work</ets>. See <er>Work</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A figure of St. George (the patron saint of England) on horseback, appended to the collar of the Order of the Garter. See <er>Garter</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of brown loaf.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>George noble</h1>
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<hw>George" no`ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[So called from the image of St. <ets>George</ets> on it.]</ety> <def>A gold noble of the time of Henry VIII. See <er>Noble</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Georgian</h1>
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<hw>Geor"gi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Georgia, in Asia, or to Georgia, one of the United States.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or relating to the reigns of the four Georges, kings of Great Britan; <as>as, the <ex>Georgian</ex> era</as>.</def>
<-- five? -->

<h1>Georgian</h1>
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<hw>Geor"gi*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of, or dweller in, Georgia.</def>

<h1>Georgic</h1>
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<hw>Geor"gic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>georgicum</ets> (sc. <ets>carmen</ets>), and <ets>georgica</ets>, pl., Gr. <?/, and <?/: cf. F. <ets>g\'82orgiques</ets>, pl. See <er>Georgic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A rural poem; a poetical composition on husbandry, containing rules for cultivating lands, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>Georgics</ex> of Virgil</as>.</def>

<h1>Georgic, Georgical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Geor"gic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Geor"gic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>georgicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ tillage, agriculture: cf. F. <ets>g\'82orgique</ets>. See <er>George</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to agriculture and rural affairs.</def>

<h1>Georgium Sidus</h1>
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<hw>Geor"gi*um Si`dus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[NL., the star of <ets>George</ets> (III. of England).]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The planet Uranus, so named by its discoverer, Sir W. Herschel.</def>

<h1>Geoscopy</h1>
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<hw>Ge*os"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <ets>-scopy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>g\'82oscopie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Knowledge of the earth, ground, or soil, obtained by inspection.</def>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Geoselenic</h1>
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<hw>Ge`o*se*len"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ moon.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the earth and moon; belonging to the joint action or mutual relations of the earth and moon; <as>as, <ex>geoselenic</ex> phenomena</as>.</def>

<h1>Geostatic</h1>
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<hw>Ge`o*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, earth + E. <ets>static</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Civil Engin.)</fld> <def>Relating to the pressure exerted by earth or similar substance.</def>

<cs><col>Geostatic arch</col>, <cd>an arch having a form adapted to sustain pressure similar to that exerted by earth.</cd></cs>

<i>Rankine.</i>

<h1>Geosynclinal</h1>
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<hw>Ge`o*syn*cli"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + E. <ets>synclinal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>the downward bend or subsidence of the earth's crust, which allows of the gradual accumulation of sediment, and hence forms the first step in the making of a mountain range; -- opposed to <i>geanticlinal</i>.</def>

<h1>Geothermometer</h1>
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<hw>Ge`o*ther*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + E. <ets>thermometer</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A thermometer specially constructed for measuring temperetures at a depth below the surface of the ground.</def>

<h1>Geotic</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth.]</ety> <def>Belonging to earth; terrestrial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Geotropic</h1>
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<hw>Ge`o*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Geotropism</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or showing, geotropism.</def>

<h1>Geotropism</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ot"ro*pism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the earth + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A disposition to turn or incline towards the earth; the influence of gravity in determining the direction of growth of an organ.</def>

<note>&hand; In plants, organs which grow towards the center of the earth are said to be <i>positively geotropic</i>, and those growing in the opposite direction <i>negatively geotropic</i>. In animals, geotropism is supposed by some to have an influence either direct or indirect on the plane of division of the ovum.</note>

<h1>Gephyrea</h1>
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<hw>Ge*phyr"e*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a dam, a bridge.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of marine Annelida, in which the body is imperfectly, or not at all, annulated externally, and is mostly without set\'91.</def>

<h1>Gephyrean</h1>
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<hw>Ge*phyr"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Gephyrea. -- <tt>n.</tt> One of the Gerphyrea.</def>

<h1>Gephyreoid</h1>
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<hw>Ge*phyr"e*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gephyrea</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gephyrean.</def>

<h1>Gepound</h1>
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<hw>Ge*pound"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gipoun</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gerah</h1>
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<hw>Ge"rah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>g<?/rah</ets>, lit., a bean.]</ety> <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld> <def>A small coin and weight; 1-20th of a shekel.</def>

<note>&hand; The silver gerah is supposed to have been worth about three cents; the gold about fifty-four cents; the weight equivalent to about thirteen grains.</note>

<h1>Geraniaceous</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ra`ni*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of pants (<spn>Geraniace\'91</spn>) which includes the genera Geranium, Pelargonium, and many others.</def>

<h1>Geraniine, Geranine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ge*ra"ni*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ger"a*nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Geranium</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A valuable astringet obtained from the root of the <spn>Geranium maculatum</spn> or crane's-bill.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid terpene, obtained from the crane's-bill (<spn>Geranium maculatum</spn>), and having a peculiar mulberry odor.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>geranium</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Geranium</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ra"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, from <?/ crane: cf. F. <ets>g\'82ranium</ets>. See <er>Crane</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants having a beaklike tours or receptacle, around which the seed capsules are arranged, and membranous projections, or stipules, at the joints. Most of the species have showy flowers and a pungent odor. Called sometimes <i>crane's-bill</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Floriculture)</fld> <def>A cultivated pelargonium.</def>

<note>&hand; Many plants referred to the genus <spn>Geranium</spn> by the earlier botanists are now separated from it under the name of <spn>Pelargonium</spn>, which includes all the commonly cultivated "geraniums", mostly natives of South Africa.</note>

<h1>Gerant</h1>
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<hw>Ge"rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>g\'82rant</ets>.]</ety> <def>The manager or acting partner of a company, joint-stock association, etc.</def>

<h1>Gerbe</h1>
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<hw>Gerbe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., prop. a sheaf.]</ety> <fld>(Pyrotechny)</fld> <def>A kind of ornamental firework.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Gerbil, Gerbille</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ger"bil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ger`bille"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gerbille</ets>. Cf. <er>Jerboa</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of small, jumping, murine rodents, of the genus <spn>Gerbillus</spn>. In their leaping powers they resemble the jerboa. They inhabit Africa, India, and Southern Europe.</def>

<h1>Gerboa</h1>
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<hw>Ger*bo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The jerboa.</def>

<h1>Gere</h1>
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<hw>Gere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Gear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gerent</h1>
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<hw>Ge"rent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gerens</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>gerere</ets> to bear, manage.]</ety> <def>Bearing; carrying.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Gerfalcon</h1>
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<hw>Ger"fal`con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gyrfalcon</er>.</def>

<h1>Gerful</h1>
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<hw>Ger"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>girer</ets> to twirl, E. <ets>gyrate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Changeable; capricious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<mhw><h1>Gerland, Gerlond</h1>
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<hw>Ger"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ger"lond</hw></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A garland.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gerlind</h1>
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<hw>Ger"lind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A salmon returning from the sea the second time.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Germ</h1>
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<hw>Germ</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>germe</ets>, fr. L. <ets>germen</ets>, <ets>germinis</ets>, sprout, but, germ. Cf. <er>Germen</er>, <er>Germane</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That which is to develop a new individual; <as>as, the <ex>germ</ex> of a fetus, of a plant or flower, and the like</as>; the earliest form under which an organism appears.</def>

<blockquote>In the entire process in which a new being originates . . . two distinct classes of action participate; namely, the act of generation by which the <b>germ</b> is produced; and the act of development, by which that <b>germ</b> is evolved into the complete organism.
<i>Carpenter.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That from which anything springs; origin; first principle; <as>as, the <ex>germ</ex> of civil liberty</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Disease germ</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>a name applied to certain tiny bacterial organisms or their spores, such as <i>Anthrax bacillus<i> and the <spn>Micrococcus</spn> of fowl cholera, which have been demonstrated to be the cause of certain diseases. See <cref>Germ theory</cref> (bellow).</cd> -- <col>Germ cell</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the germ, egg, spore, or cell from which the plant or animal arises. At one time a part of the body of the parent, it finally becomes detached,and by a process of multiplication and growth gives rise to a mass of cells, which ultimately form a new individual like the parent. See <er>Ovum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Germ gland</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Gonad</er>.</cd> -- <col>Germ stock</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a special process on which buds are developed in certain animals. See <er>Doliolum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Germ theory</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the theory that living organisms can be produced only by the evolution or development of living germs or seeds. See <er>Biogenesis</er>, and <er>Abiogenesis</er>. As applied to the origin of disease, the theory claims that the zymotic diseases are due to the rapid development and multiplication of various bacteria, the germs or spores of which are either contained in the organism itself, or transferred through the air or water. See <cref>Fermentation theory</cref>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Germ</h1>
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<hw>Germ</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To germinate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Morley.</i>

<h1>Germain</h1>
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<hw>Ger*main"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Germane</er>.</def>

<h1>German</h1>
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<hw>Ger"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>german</ets>, <ets>germain</ets>, F. <ets>germain</ets>, fr. L. <ets>germanus</ets> full, own (said of brothers and sisters who have the same parents); akin to <ets>germen</ets> germ. Cf. <er>Germ</er>, <er>Germane</er>.]</ety> <def>Nearly related; closely akin.</def>

<blockquote>Wert thou a leopard, thou wert <b>german</b> to the lion.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Brother german</col>. <cd>See <er>Brother german</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cousins german</col>. <cd>See the Note under <er>Cousin</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>German</h1>
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<hw>Ger"man</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl</plu>. <plw>Germans</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Germanus</ets>, prob. of Celtis origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or one of the people of Germany.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The German language.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A round dance, often with a waltz movement, abounding in capriciosly involved figures.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A social party at which the german is danced.</def>

<cs><col>High German</col>, <cd>the Teutonic dialect of Upper or Southern Germany, -- comprising <i>Old High German<i>, used from the 8th to the 11th century; <i>Middle H. G<i>., from the 12th to the 15th century; and Modern or <i>New H. G<i>., the language of Luther's Bible version and of modern German literature. The dialects of Central Germany, the basis of the modern literary language, are often called <i>Middle German<i>, and the Southern German dialects <i>Upper German<i>; but <i>High German<i> is also used to cover both groups.</cd> -- <col>Low German</col>, <cd>the language of Northern Germany and the Netherlands, -- including <stype>Friesic</stype>; <stype>Anglo-Saxon</stype> or <stype>Saxon</stype>; <stype>Old Saxon</stype>; <stype>Dutch</stype> or <stype>Low Dutch</stype>, with its dialect, <stype>Flemish</stype>; and <stype>Plattdeutsch</stype> (called also <altname>Low German</altname>), spoken in many dialects.</cd></cs>

<h1>German</h1>
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<hw>Ger"man</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Germanus</ets>. See <er>German</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Germany.</def>

<cs><col>German Baptists</col>. <cd>See <er>Dunker</er>.</cd> -- <col>German bit</col>, <cd>a wood-boring tool, having a long elliptical pod and a scew point.</cd> -- <col>German carp</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the crucian carp.</cd> -- <col>German millet</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of millet (<spn>Setaria Italica</spn>, var.), whose seed is sometimes used for food.</cd> -- <col>German paste</col>, <cd>a prepared food for caged birds.</cd> -- <col>German process</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>the process of reducing copper ore in a blast furnace, after roasting, if necessary. <i>Raymond</i>.</cd> -- <col>German sarsaparilla</col>, <cd>a substitute for sarsaparilla extract.</cd> -- <col>German sausage</col>, <cd>a polony, or gut stuffed with meat partly cooked.</cd> -- <col>German silver</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a silver-white alloy, hard and tough, but malleable and ductile, and quite permanent in the air. It contains nickel, copper, and zinc in varying proportions, and was originally made from old copper slag at Henneberg. A small amount of iron is sometimes added to make it whiter and harder. It is essentially identical with the Chinese alloy <altname>packfong</altname>. It was formerly much used for tableware, knife handles, frames, cases, bearings of machinery, etc., but is now largely superseded by other white alloys.</cd> -- <col>German steel</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a metal made from bog iron ore in a forge, with charcoal for fuel.</cd> -- <col>German text</col> <fld>(Typog.)</fld>, <cd>a character resembling modern German type, used in English printing for ornamental headings, etc., as in the words,

<note>&hand; <germantype><point10>This line is German Text.</point10></germantype></note>
</cd>

-- <col>German tinder</col>. <cd>See <er>Amadou</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Germander</h1>
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<hw>Ger*man"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>germaunder</ets>, F. <ets>germandr\'82e</ets>, It. <ets>calamandrea</ets>, L. <ets>chamaedrys</ets>, fr. Gr.<?/; <?/ on the earth or ground + <?/ tree. See <er>Humble</er>, and <er>Tree</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Teucrium</spn> (esp. <spn>Teucrium Cham\'91drys</spn> or wall germander), mintlike herbs and low shrubs.</def>

<cs><col>American germander</col>, <cd><spn>Teucrium Canadense</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Germander chickweed</col>, <cd><spn>Veronica agrestis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Water germander</col>, <cd><spn>Teucrium Scordium</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Wood germander</col>, <cd><spn>Teucrium Scorodonia</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Germane</h1>
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<hw>Ger*mane"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>German</er> akin, nearly related.]</ety> <def>Literally, near akin; hence, closely allied; appropriate or fitting; relevant.</def>

<blockquote>The phrase would be more <b>germane</b> to the matter.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[An amendment] must be <b>germane</b>.
<i>Barclay (Digest).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Germanic</h1>
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<hw>Ger*man"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, germanium.</def>

<h1>Germanic</h1>
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<hw>Ger*man"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Germanicus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>germanique</ets>. See <er>German</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Germany; <as>as, the <ex>Germanic</ex> confederacy</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Teutonic.</def> <mark>[A loose sense]</mark>

<h1>Germanism</h1>
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<hw>Ger"man*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>germanisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An idiom of the German language.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A characteristic of the Germans; a characteristic German mode, doctrine, etc.; rationalism.</def>

<i>J. W. Alexander.</i>

<h1>Germanium</h1>
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<hw>Ger*ma"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>Germania</ets> Germany.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare element, recently discovered (1885), in a silver ore (<i>argyrodite</i>) at Freiberg. It is a brittle, silver-white metal, chemically intermediate between the metals and nonmetals, resembles tin, and is in general identical with the predicted <i>ekasilicon</i>. Symbol Ge. Atomic weight 72.3.</def>

<h1>Germanization</h1>
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<hw>Ger`man*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of Germanizing.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Germanize</h1>
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<hw>Ger"man*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Germanized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr.  & vb. n.</tt> <er>Germanizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make German, or like what is distinctively German; <as>as, to <ex>Germanize</ex> a province, a language, a society</as>.</def>

<h1>Germanize</h1>
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<hw>Ger"man*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To reason or write after the manner of the Germans.</def>

<h1>Germarium</h1>
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<hw>Ger*ma"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Germ</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An organ in which the ova are developed in certain Turbellaria.</def>

<hr>
<page="623">
Page 623<p>

<h1>Germen</h1>
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<hw>Ger"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Germens</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Germina</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See <er>Germ</er>.</def>

<h1>Germicidal</h1>
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<hw>Ger"mi*ci`dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Germicide.</def>

<h1>Germicide</h1>
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<hw>Ger"mi*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Germ</ets> +L. <ets>caedere</ets> to kill.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Destructive to germs; -- applied to any agent which has a destructive action upon living germs, particularly bacteria, or bacterial germs, which are considered the cause of many infectious diseases.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A germicide agent.</def></def2>

<h1>Germinal</h1>
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<hw>Ger"mi*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Germ</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining or belonging to a germ; <as>as, the <ex>germinal</ex> vesicle</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Germinal layers</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the two layers of cells, the ectoblast and entoblast, which form respectively the outer covering and inner wall of the gastrula. A third layer of cells, the mesoblast, which is formed later and lies between these two, is sometimes included.</cd> -- <col>Germinal membrane</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Blastoderm</er>.</cd> -- <col>Germinal spot</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the nucleolus of the ovum.</cd> -- <col>Germinal vesicle</col>, <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>, the nucleus of the ovum of animals.</cd></cs>

<h1>Germinal</h1>
<Xpage=623>

<hw>Ger`mi*nal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Germ</er> .]</ety> <def>The seventh month of the French republican calendar [1792 -- 1806]. It began March 21 and ended April 19. See <er>Vend\'90miaire</er>.</def>

<h1>Germinant</h1>
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<hw>Ger"mi*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>germinans</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets>]</ety> <def>Sprouting; sending forth germs or buds.</def>

<h1>Germinate</h1>
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<hw>Ger"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Germinated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Germinating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>germinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>germinare</ets> to sprout, fr. <ets>germen</ets>. See <er>Germ</er>.]</ety> <def>To sprout; to bud; to shoot; to begin to vegetate, as a plant or its seed; to begin to develop, as a germ.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Germinate</h1>
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<hw>Ger"mi*nate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to sprout.</def>

<i>Price (1610).</i>

<h1>Germination</h1>
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<hw>Ger`mi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>germinatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>germination</ets>.]</ety> <def>The process of germinating; the beginning of vegetation or growth in a seed or plant; the first development of germs, either animal or vegetable.</def>

<cs><col>Germination apparatus</col>, <cd>an apparatus for malting grain.</cd></cs>

<h1>Germinative</h1>
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<hw>Ger"mi*na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>germinatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to germination; having power to bud or develop.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Germinative spot</col>, <col>Germinative vesicle</col></mcol>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>Same as <i>Germinal spot<i>, <i>Germinal vesicle<i>, under <er>Germinal</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Germiparity</h1>
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<hw>Ger`mi*par"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Germ</ets> + L. <ets>parere</ets> to produce.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Reproduction by means of germs.</def>

<h1>Germless</h1>
<Xpage=623>

<hw>Germ"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without germs.</def>

<h1>Germogen</h1>
<Xpage=623>

<hw>Ger"mo*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Germ</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A polynuclear mass of protoplasm, not divided into separate cells, from which certain ova are developed.</def> <i>Balfour</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The primitive cell in certain embryonic forms.</def> <i>Balfour</i>.

<h1>Germ plasm</h1>
<Xpage=623>

<hw>Germ" plasm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Plasmogen</er>, and <er>Idioplasm</er>.</def>

<h1>Germule</h1>
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<hw>Germ"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. fr. <ets>germ</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A small germ.</def>

<h1>Gern</h1>
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<hw>Gern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Grin</er>.]</ety> <def>To grin or yawn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "[/He] gaped like a gulf when he did <i>gern</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Gerner</h1>
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<hw>Ger"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A garner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gerocomia</h1>
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<hw>Ger`o*co"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Gerocomy</er>.</def>

<h1>Gerocomical</h1>
<Xpage=623>

<hw>Ger`o*com"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to gerocomy.</def>

<i>Dr. John Smith.</i>

<h1>Gerocomy</h1>
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<hw>Ge*roc"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>g\'82rocomie</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ an old man + <?/ to take care of.]</ety> <def>That part of medicine which treats of regimen for old people.</def>

<h1>Gerontes</h1>
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<hw>Ge*ron"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>Magistrates in Sparta, who with the ephori and kings, constituted the supreme civil authority.</def>

<h1>Gerontocracy</h1>
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<hw>Ger`on*toc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, an old man + <?/ to rule.]</ety> <def>Government by old men.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gladstone.</i>

<h1>Geropigia</h1>
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<hw>Ger`o*pig"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>geropiga</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mixture composed of unfermented grape juice, brandy, sugar, etc., for adulteration of wines.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jerupigia</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>-gerous</h1>
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<hw>-ger*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>-ger</ets>, fr. <ets>gerere</ets> to bear, carry. See <er>Jest</er>.]</ety> <def>A suffix signifying <i>bearing</i>, <i>producing</i>; <as>as, calci<ex>gerous</ex>; denti<ex>gerous</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Gerrymander</h1>
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<hw>Ger`ry*man"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gerrymandered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gerrymandering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To divide (a State) into districts for the choice of representatives, in an unnatural and unfair way, with a view to give a political party an advantage over its opponent.</def> <mark>[Political Cant, U. S.]</mark>

<note>&hand; This was done in Massachusetts at a time when Elbridge <i>Gerry</i> was governor, and was attributed to his influence, hence the name; though it is now known that he was opposed to the measure.</note>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Gerund</h1>
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<hw>Ger"und</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gerundium</ets>, fr. <ets>gerere</ets> to bear, carry, perform. See <er>Gest</er> a deed, <er>Jest</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Lat. Gram.)</fld>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of verbal noun, having only the four oblique cases of the singular number, and governing cases like a participle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(AS. Gram.)</fld> <def>A verbal noun ending in -<i>e</i>, preceded by <i>to</i> and usually denoting <i>purpose</i> or <i>end</i>; -- called also the <altname>dative infinitive</altname>; <as>as, "Ic h\'91bbe mete t\'93 <ex>etanne</ex>" (I have meat to <ex>eat</ex></as>.) In Modern English the name has been applied to verbal or participal nouns in -<i>ing</i> denoting a transitive action; <it>e. g.</it>, by <i>throwing</i> a stone.</def>

<h1>Gerundial</h1>
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<hw>Ge*run"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a gerund; <as>as, a <ex>gerundial</ex> use</as>.</def>

<h1>Gerundive</h1>
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<hw>Ge*run"dive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gerundivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or partaking of, the nature of the gerund; gerundial.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Lat. Gram.)</fld> <def>The future passive participle; <as>as, <ex>amandus</ex>, <it>i. e.</it>, to be loved</as>.</def></def2>

<h1>Gerundively</h1>
<Xpage=623>

<hw>Ge*run"dive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a gerund; <as>as, or in place of, a gerund</as>.</def>

<h1>Gery</h1>
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<hw>Ger"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gerful</er>.]</ety> <def>Changeable; fickle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gesling</h1>
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<hw>Ges"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gosling.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Gesse</h1>
<Xpage=623>

<hw>Gesse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To guess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gest</h1>
<Xpage=623>

<hw>Gest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A guest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gest</h1>
<Xpage=623>

<hw>Gest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>geste</ets> exploit. See <er>Jest</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Something done or achieved; a deed or an action; an adventure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An action represented in sports, plays, or on the stage; show; ceremony.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mede.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A tale of achievements or adventures; a stock story.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Gesture; bearing; deportment.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Through his heroic grace and honorable <b>gest</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gest</h1>
<Xpage=623>

<hw>Gest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gist</er> a resting place.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A stage in traveling; a stop for rest or lodging in a journey or progress; a rest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Kersey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A roll recting the several stages arranged for a royal progress. Many of them are extant in the herald's office.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hanmer.</i>

<h1>Gestant</h1>
<Xpage=623>

<hw>Ges"tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gestans</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>gestare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing within; laden; burdened; pregnant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Clouds <i>gestant</i> with heat."

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Gestation</h1>
<Xpage=623>

<hw>Ges*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gestatio</ets> a bearing, carrying, fr. <ets>gestare</ets> to bear, carry, intens. fr. <ets>gerere</ets>, <ets>gestum</ets>, to bear: cf. F. <ets>gestation</ets>. See <er>Gest</er> deed, <er>Jest</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of wearing (clothes or ornaments).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of carrying young in the womb from conception to delivery; pregnancy.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Exercise in which one is borne or carried, as on horseback, or in a carriage, without the exertion of his own powers; passive exercise.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Gestatory</h1>
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<hw>Ges"ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gestatorius</ets> that serves for carrying: cf. F. <ets>gestatoire</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to gestation or pregnancy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being carried or worn.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<h1>Geste</h1>
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<hw>Geste</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To tell stories or gests.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gestic</h1>
<Xpage=623>

<hw>Ges"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gest</er> a deed, <er>Gesture</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to deeds or feats of arms; legendary.</def>

<blockquote>And the gay grandsire, skilled in <b>gestic</b> lore.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating to bodily motion; consisting of gestures; -- said especially with reference to dancing.</def>

<blockquote>Carried away by the enthusiasm of the <b>gestic</b> art.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gesticulate</h1>
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<hw>Ges*tic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gesticulated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gesticulating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>gesticulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>gesticulari</ets> to gesticulate, fr. <ets>gesticulus</ets> a mimic gesture, gesticulation, dim. of <ets>gestus</ets> gesture, fr. <ets>gerere</ets>, <ets>gestum</ets>, to bear, carry, peform. See <er>Gestic</er>.]</ety> <def>To make gestures or motions, as in speaking; to use postures.</def>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Gesticulate</h1>
<Xpage=623>

<hw>Ges*tic"u*late</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To represent by gesture; to act.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Gesticulation</h1>
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<hw>Ges*tic`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gesticulatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gesticulation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of gesticulating, or making gestures to express passion or enforce sentiments.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gesture; a motion of the body or limbs in speaking, or in representing action or passion, and enforcing arguments and sentiments.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Antic tricks or motions.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Gesticulator</h1>
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<hw>Ges*tic"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who gesticulates.</def>

<h1>Gesticulatory</h1>
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<hw>Ges*tic"u*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Representing by, or belonging to, gestures.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Gestour</h1>
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<hw>Ges"tour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gest</er> a deed.]</ety> <def>A reciter of gests or legendary tales; a story-teller.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Minstrels and <b>gestours</b> for to tell tales.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gestural</h1>
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<hw>Ges"tur*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to gesture.</def>

<h1>Gesture</h1>
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<hw>Ges"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>gestura</ets> mode of action, fr. L. <ets>gerere</ets>, <ets>gestum</ets>, to bear, behave, perform, act. See <er>Gest</er> a deed.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Manner of carrying the body; position of the body or limbs; posture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Accubation, or lying down at meals, was a <b>gesture</b> used by many nations.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A motion of the body or limbs expressive of sentiment or passion; any action or posture intended to express an idea or a passion, or to enforce or emphasize an argument, assertion, or opinion.</def>

<blockquote>Humble and reverent <b>gestures</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Grace was in all her steps, heaven in her eye,
In every <b>gesture</b> dignity and love.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gesture</h1>
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<hw>Ges"ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gestured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gesturing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To accompany or illustrate with gesture or action; to gesticulate.</def>

<blockquote>It is not orderly read, nor <b>gestured</b> as beseemeth.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gesture</h1>
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<hw>Ges"ture</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make gestures; to gesticulate.</def>

<blockquote>The players . . . <b>gestured>/qex> not undecently withal.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gestureless</h1>
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<hw>Ges"ture*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from gestures.</def>

<h1>Gesturement</h1>
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<hw>Ges"ture*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of making gestures; gesturing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Get</h1>
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<hw>Get</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Jet, the mineral.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Get</h1>
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<hw>Get</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>get</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fashion; manner; custom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Artifice; contrivance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Get</h1>
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<hw>Get</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Got</er> <tt>(?)</tt> (<mark>Obs</mark>. <er>Gat</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>); <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Got</er> (<mark>Obsolescent</mark> <er>Gotten</er> <tt>(?)</tt>); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Getting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>geten</ets>, AS. <ets>gitan</ets>, <ets>gietan</ets> (in comp.); akin to Icel. <ets>geta</ets>, Goth. bi<ets>gitan</ets> to find, L. pre<ets>hendere</ets> to seize, take, Gr. <?/ to hold, contain. Cf. <er>Comprehend</er>, <er>Enterprise</er>, <er>Forget</er>, <er>Impregnable</er>, <er>Prehensile</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To procure; to obtain; to gain possession of; to acquire; to earn; to obtain as a price or reward; to come by; to win, by almost any means; <as>as, to <ex>get</ex> favor by kindness; to <ex>get</ex> wealth by industry and economy; to <ex>get</ex> favor by kindness; to <ex>get</ex> wealth by industry and economy; to <ex>get</ex> land by purchase, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, with <i>have</i> and <i>had</i>, to come into or be in possession of; to have.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<blockquote>Thou hast <b>got</b> the face of man.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To beget; to procreate; to generate.</def>

<blockquote>I had rather to adopt a child than <b>get</b> it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To obtain mental possession of; to learn; to commit to memory; to memorize; as to <i>get</i> a lesson; also with <i>out</i>; <as>as, to <ex>get</ex> out one's Greek lesson</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It being harder with him to <b>get</b> one sermon by heart, than to pen twenty.
<i>Bp. Fell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To prevail on; to induce; to persuade.</def>

<blockquote><b>Get</b> him to say his prayers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To procure to be, or to cause to be in any state or condition; -- with a following participle.</def>

<blockquote>Those things I bid you do; <b>get</b> them dispatched.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To betake; to remove; -- in a reflexive use.</def>

<blockquote><b>Get</b> thee out from this land.
<i>Gen. xxxi. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He . . . <b>got</b> himself . . . to the strong town of Mega.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Get</i>, as a transitive verb, is combined with adverbs implying motion, to express the causing to, or the effecting in, the object of the verb, of the kind of motion indicated by the preposition; thus, <i>to get in</i>, to cause to enter, to bring under shelter; as, <i>to get in</i> the hay; <i>to get out</i>, to make come forth, to extract; <i>to get off</i>, to take off, to remove; <i>to get together</i>, to cause to come together, to collect.</note>

<cs><col>To get by heart</col>, <cd>to commit to memory.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To get the better of</col>, <col>To get the best of</col></mcol>, <cd>to obtain an advantage over; to surpass; to subdue.</cd> -- <col>To get up</col>, <cd>to cause to be established or to exit; to prepare; to arrange; to construct; to invent; as, <i>to get up<i> a celebration, a machine, a book, an agitation.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To obtain; gain; win; acquire. See <er>Obtain</er>.</syn>

<h1>Get</h1>
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<hw>Get</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make acquisition; to gain; to profit; to receive accessions; to be increased.</def>

<blockquote>We mourn, France smiles; we lose, they daily <b>get</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To arrive at, or bring one's self into, a state, condition, or position; to come to be; to become; -- with a following adjective or past participle belonging to the subject of the verb; <as>as, to <ex>get</ex> sober; to <ex>get</ex> awake; to <ex>get</ex> beaten; to <ex>get</ex> elected.</as></def>

<blockquote>To <b>get</b> rid of fools and scoundrels.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His chariot wheels <b>get</b> hot by driving fast.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; It [<it>get</it>] gives to the English language a middle voice, or a power of verbal expression which is neither active nor passive. Thus we say to <i>get</i> acquitted, beaten, confused, dressed.
<i>Earle.</i></note>

<note>&hand; <i>Get</i>, as an intransitive verb, is used with a following preposition, or adverb of motion, to indicate, on the part of the subject of the act, movement or action of the kind signified by the preposition or adverb; or, in the general sense, to move, to stir, to make one's way, to advance, to arrive, etc.; as, <i>to get away</i>, to leave to escape; to disengage one's self from; <i>to get down</i>, to descend, esp. with effort, as from a literal or figurative elevation; <i>to get along</i>, to make progress; hence, to prosper, succeed, or fare; <i>to get in</i>, to enter; <i>to get out</i>, to extricate one's self, to escape; <i>to get through</i>, to traverse; also, to finish, to be done; <i>to get to</i>, to arrive at, to reach; <i>to get off</i>, to alight, to descend from, to dismount; also, to escape, to come off clear; <i>to get together</i>, to assemble, to convene.</note>

<cs><col>To get ahead</col>, <cd>to advance; to prosper.</cd> -- <col>To get along</col>, <cd>to proceed; to advance; to prosper.</cd> -- <col>To get a mile</col><cd> (or other distance), to pass over it in traveling.</cd> -- <col>To get among</col>, <cd>to go or come into the company of; to become one of a number.</cd> -- <col>To get asleep</col>, <cd>to fall asleep.</cd> -- <col>To get astray</col>, <cd>to wander out of the right way.</cd> -- <col>To get at</col>, <cd>to reach; to make way to.</cd> <col>To get away with</col>, <cd>to carry off; to capture; hence, to get the better of; to defeat.</cd> -- <col>To get back</col>, <cd>to arrive at the place from which one departed; to return.</cd> -- <col>To get before</col>, <cd>to arrive in front, or more forward.</cd> -- <col>To get behind</col>, <cd>to fall in the rear; to lag.</cd> -- <col>To get between</col>, <cd>to arrive between.</cd> -- <col>To get beyond</col>, <cd>to pass or go further than; to exceed; to surpass. "Three score and ten is the age of man, a few <i>get beyond<i> it." <i>Thackeray</i>.</cd> -- <col>To get clear</col>, <cd>to disengage one's self; to be released, as from confinement, obligation, or burden; also, to be freed from danger or embarrassment.</cd> -- <col>To get drunk</col>, <cd>to become intoxicated.</cd> -- <col>To get forward</col>, <cd>to proceed; to advance; also, to prosper; to advance in wealth.</cd> -- <col>To get home</col>, <cd>to arrive at one's dwelling, goal, or aim.</cd> -- <col>To get into</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To enter, as, "she prepared <i>to get into<i> the coach." <i>Dickens</i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To pass into, or reach; as, " as, " a language has <i>got into<i> the inflated state." <i>Keary</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To get</col> <col>loose &or;  free</col></mcol>, <cd>to disengage one's self; to be released from confinement.</cd> -- <col>To get near</col>, <cd>to approach within a small distance.</cd> -- <col>To get on</col>, <cd>to proceed; to advance; to prosper.</cd> -- <col>To get over</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To pass over, surmount, or overcome, as an obstacle or difficulty.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To recover from, as an injury, a calamity.</cd> -- <col>To get through</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To pass through something.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To finish what one was doing.</cd> -- <col>To get up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To rise; to arise, as from a bed, chair, etc.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To ascend; to climb, as a hill, a tree, a flight of stairs, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Get</h1>
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<hw>Get</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Offspring; progeny; <as>as, the <ex>get</ex> of a stallion</as>.</def>

<h1>Geten</h1>
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<hw>Get"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Get</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Geth</h1>
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<hw>Geth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def>the original <tt>third pers. sing. pres.</tt> of Go.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Get-penny</h1>
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<hw>Get"-pen`ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something which gets or gains money; a successful affair.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Gettable</h1>
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<hw>Get"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be obtained.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Getter</h1>
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<hw>Get"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gets, gains, obtains, acquires, begets, or procreates.</def>

<h1>Getterup</h1>
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<hw>Get"ter*up`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who contrives, makes, or arranges for, anything, as a book, a machine, etc.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>A diligent <b>getter-up</b> of miscellaneous works.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Getting</h1>
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<hw>Get"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of obtaining or acquiring; acquisition.</def>

<blockquote>With all thy <b>getting</b>, get understanding.
<i>Prov. iv. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is got or obtained; gain; profit.</def>

<h1>Get-up</h1>
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<hw>Get"-up</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>General composition or structure; manner in which the parts of a thing are combined; make-up; style of dress, etc.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>H. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Gewgaw</h1>
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<hw>Gew"gaw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gigawe</ets>, <ets>gugawe</ets>, <ets>gewgaude</ets>, prob. the same word as OE. <ets>givegove</ets> gewgaw, apparently a reduplicated form fr. AS. <ets>gifan</ets> to give; cf. also F. <ets>joujou</ets> plaything, and E. <ets>gaud</ets>, <tt>n.</tt> See <er>Give</er>, and cf. <er>Giffgaff</er>.]</ety> <def>A showy trifle; a toy; a splendid plaything; a pretty but worthless bauble.</def>

<blockquote>A heavy <b>gewgaw</b> called a crown.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gewgaw</h1>
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<hw>Gew"gaw</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Showy; unreal; pretentious.</def>

<blockquote>Seeing his <b>gewgaw</b> castle shine.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Geyser</h1>
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<hw>Gey"ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>geysir</ets>, fr. <ets>geysa</ets> to rush furiously, fr. <ets>gj<?/sa</ets> to gush. Cf. <er>Gush</er>.]</ety> <def>A boiling spring which throws forth at frequent intervals jets of water, mud, etc., driven up by the expansive power of steam.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Geysers</i> were first known in Iceland, and later in New Zealand. In the Yellowstone region in the United States they are numerous, and some of them very powerful, throwing jets of boiling water and steam to a height of 200 feet. They are grouped in several areas called <i>geyser basins</i>. The mineral matter, or <i>geyserite</i>, with which geyser water is charged, forms <i>geyser cones</i> about the orifice, often of great size and beauty.</note>

<hr>
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Page 624<p>

<h1>Geyserite</h1>
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<hw>Gey"ser*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Geyser</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A loose hydrated form of silica, a variety of opal, deposited in concretionary cauliflowerlike masses, around some hot springs and geysers.</def>

<h1>Gharry</h1>
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<hw>Ghar"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>g\'be<?/i</ets>.]</ety> <def>Any wheeled cart or carriage.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Ghast</h1>
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<hw>Ghast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gasten</ets>. See <er>Ghastly</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To strike aghast; to affright.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Ghasted</b> by the noise I made.
Full suddenly he fled.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ghastful</h1>
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<hw>Ghast"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ghastly</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Fit to make one aghast; dismal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Ghast"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ghastliness</h1>
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<hw>Ghast"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being ghastly; a deathlike look.</def>

<h1>Ghastly</h1>
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<hw>Ghast"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Ghastlier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Ghastliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gastlich</ets>, <ets>gastli</ets>, fearful, causing fear, fr. <ets>gasten</ets> to terrify, AS. <ets>g\'91stan</ets>. Cf. <er>Aghast</er>, <er>Gast</er>, <er>Gaze</er>, <er>Ghostly</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Like a ghost in appearance; deathlike; pale; pallid; dismal.</def>

<blockquote>Each turned his face with a <b>ghastly</b> pang.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His face was so <b>ghastly</b> that it could scarcely be recognized.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Horrible; shocking; dreadful; hideous.</def>

<blockquote>Mangled with <b>ghastly</b> wounds through plate and mail.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ghastly</h1>
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<hw>Ghast"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a ghastly manner; hideously.</def>

<blockquote>Staring full <b>ghastly</b> like a strangled man.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ghastness</h1>
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<hw>Ghast"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ghastliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ghat Ghaut</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ghat Ghaut</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>gh\'bet</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A pass through a mountain.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<i>J. D. Hooker.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A range of mountains.</def>

<i>Balfour (Cyc. of Ind. ).</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Stairs descending to a river; a landing place; a wharf.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<i>Malcom.</i>

<h1>Ghawazi</h1>
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<hw>Gha*wa"zi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Egyptian dancing girls, of a lower sort than the almeh.</def>

<h1>Gheber Ghebre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ghe"ber Ghe"bre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pers. <ets>ghebr</ets>: cf. F. <ets>Gu\'8abre</ets>. Cf. <er>Giaour</er>.]</ety> <def>A worshiper of fire; a Zoroastrian; a Parsee.</def>

<h1>Ghee</h1>
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<hw>Ghee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>gh\'c6</ets> clarified butter, Skr. <ets>gh<?/ta</ets>.]</ety> <def>Butter clarified by boiling, and thus converted into a kind of oil.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<i>Malcom.</i>

<h1>Gherkin</h1>
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<hw>Gher"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>agurkje</ets>, a dim. akin to G. <ets>gurke</ets>, Dan. <ets>ag<?/rke</ets>; cf. Pol. <ets>og\'a2rek</ets>, Bohem. <ets>okurka</ets>, LGr. <?/ watermelon, Ar. <ets>al-khiy\'ber</ets>, Per. <ets>khiy\'ber</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of small, prickly cucumber, much used for pickles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sea gherkin</er>.</def>

<h1>Ghess</h1>
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<hw>Ghess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Guess</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ghetto</h1>
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<hw>Ghet"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>The Jews'quarter in an Italian town or city.</def>

<blockquote>I went to the <b>Ghetto</b>, where the Jews dwell.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<-- 2. by extension, any section of a town inhabited predominantly by members of a specific ethnic, national or racial group, such segregation usually arising from social or economic pressure.  3. (fig.) any isolated group of people. 4. (fig) any group isolated by external pressures, with an implication of inferiority.

Ghettoize v.  -->

<h1>Ghibelline</h1>
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<hw>Ghib"el*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>Ghibellino</ets>; of German origin.]</ety> <fld>(It. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a faction in Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries, which favored the German emperors, and opposed the Guelfs, or adherents of the poses.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Ghole</h1>
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<hw>Ghole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ghoul</er>.</def>

<h1>Ghost</h1>
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<hw>Ghost</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gast</ets>, <ets>gost</ets>, soul, spirit, AS. <ets>g\'best</ets> breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. <ets>g<?/st</ets> spirit, soul, D. <ets>geest</ets>, G. <ets>geist</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>gaze</ets>, <ets>ghastly</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The spirit; the soul of man.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Then gives her grieved <b>ghost</b> thus to lament.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a deceased person; a spirit appearing after death; an apparition; a specter.</def>

<blockquote>The mighty <b>ghosts</b> of our great Harrys rose.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I thought that I had died in sleep,
And was a blessed <b>ghost</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any faint shadowy semblance; an unsubstantial image; a phantom; a glimmering; <as>as, not a <ex>ghost</ex> of a chance; the <ex>ghost</ex> of an idea.</as></def>

<blockquote>Each separate dying ember wrought its <b>ghost</b> upon the floor.
<i>Poe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A false image formed in a telescope by reflection from the surfaces of one or more lenses.</def>

<cs><col>Ghost moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large European moth <spn>(Hepialus humuli)</spn>; so called from the white color of the male, and the peculiar hovering flight; -- called also <altname>great swift</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Holy Ghost</col>, <cd>the Holy Spirit; the Paraclete; the Comforter; <fld>(Theol.)</fld> the third person in the Trinity.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To</col> <col>give up &or; yield up</col> <col>the ghost</col></mcol>, <cd>to die; to expire.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>And he <b>gave up the ghost</b> full softly.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Jacob . . . <b>yielded up the ghost</b>, and was gathered unto his people.
<i>Gen. xlix. 33.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ghost</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Ghost</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To die; to expire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Ghost</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Ghost</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To appear to or haunt in the form of an apparition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ghostfish</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Ghost"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A pale ubspotted variety of the wrymouth.</def>

<h1>Ghostless</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Ghost"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without life or spirit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ghostlike</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Ghost"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a ghost; ghastly.</def>

<h1>Ghostliness</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Ghost"li*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being ghostly.</def>

<h1>Ghostly</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Ghost"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gastlich</ets>, <ets>gostlich</ets>, AS. <ets>g\'bestlic</ets>. See <er>Ghost</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; spiritual; <as>as, a <ex>ghostly</ex> confessor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Save and defend us from our <b>ghostly</b> enemies.
<i>Book of Common Prayer [Ch. of Eng. ]</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>One of the <b>gostly</b> children of St. Jerome.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to apparitions.</def>

<i>Akenside.</i>

<h1>Ghostly</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Ghost"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Spiritually; mystically.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ghostology</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Ghost*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ghost lore.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>It seemed even more unaccountable than if it had been a thing of <b>ghostology</b> and witchcraft.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ghoul</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Ghoul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>gh<?/l</ets> an imaginary sylvan demon, supposed to devour men and animals: cf. Ar. <ets>gh<?/l</ets>, F. <ets>goule</ets>.]</ety> <def>An imaginary evil being among Eastern nations, which was supposed to feed upon human bodies.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ghole</asp> .]</altsp>

<i>Moore.</i>

<h1>Ghoulish</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Ghoul"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characteristic of a ghoul; vampirelike; hyenalike.</def>

<h1>Ghyll</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Ghyll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A ravine. See <er>Gill</er> a woody glen.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<h1>Giallolino</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gial`lo*li"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., from <ets>giallo</ets> yellow, prob. fr. OHG. <ets>gelo</ets>, G. <ets>gelb</ets>; akin to E. <ets>yellow</ets>.]</ety> <def>A term variously employed by early writers on art, though commonly designating the yellow oxide of lead, or massicot.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Giambeux</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Giam"beux</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Jambeux</er>.]</ety> <def>Greaves; armor for the legs.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Giant</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gi"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>giant</ets>, <ets>geant</ets>, <ets>geaunt</ets>, OF. <ets>jaiant</ets>, <ets>geant</ets>, F. <ets>g\'82ant</ets>, L. <ets>gigas</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, from the root of E. <ets>gender</ets>, <ets>genesis</ets>. See <er>Gender</er>, and cf. <er>Gigantic</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A man of extraordinari bulk and stature.</def>

<blockquote><b>Giants</b> of mighty bone and bold emprise.

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person of extraordinary strength or powers, bodily or intellectual.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any animal, plant, or thing, of extraordinary size or power.</def>

<cs><col>Giant's Causeway</col>, <cd>a vast collection of basaltic pillars, in the county of Antrim on the northern coast of Ireland.</cd></cs>

<h1>Giant</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gi"ant</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a giant; extraordinary in size, strength, or power; <as>as, <ex>giant</ex> brothers; a <ex>giant</ex> son.</as></def>

<cs><col>Giant cell</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Myeloplax</er>.</cd> -- <col>Giant clam</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bivalve shell of the genus <spn>Tridacna</spn>, esp. <spn>T. gigas</spn>, which sometimes weighs 500 pounds. The shells are sometimes used in churches to contain holy water.</cd> -- <col>Giant heron</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large African heron (<spn>Ardeomega goliath</spn>). It is the largest heron known.</cd> -- <col>Giant kettle</col>, <cd>a pothole of very large dimensions, as found in Norway in connection with glaciers. See <er>Pothole</er>.</cd> -- <col>Giant powder</col>. <cd>See <er>Nitroglycerin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Giant puffball</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a fungus (<spn>Lycoperdon giganteum</spn>), edible when young, and when dried used for stanching wounds.</cd> -- <col>Giant salamander</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large aquatic salamander (<spn>Megalobatrachus maximus</spn>), found in Japan. It is the largest of living Amphibia, becoming a yard long.</cd> -- <col>Giant squid</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of very large squids, belonging to <spn>Architeuthis</spn> and allied genera. Some are over forty feet long.</cd></cs>

<h1>Giantess</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gi"ant*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman of extraordinary size.</def>

<h1>Giantize</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gi"ant*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>g\'82antiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To play the giant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Giantly</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gi"ant*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Appropriate to a giant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Usher.</i>

<h1>Giantry</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gi"ant*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The race of giants.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Giantship</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gi"ant*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state, personality, or character, of a giant; -- a compellation for a giant.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>giantship</b> is gone somewhat crestfallen.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Giaour</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Giaour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk. <ets>giaur</ets> an infidel, Per. <ets>gawr</ets>, another form of <ets>ghebr</ets> fire worshiper. Cf. <er>Kaffir</er>, <er>Gheber</er> .]</ety> <def>An infidel; -- a term applied by Turks to disbelievers in the Mohammedan religion, especially Christrians.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Gib</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbreviated fr. <ets>Gilbert</ets>, the name of the cat in the old story of "Reynard the Fox". in the "Romaunt of the Rose", etc.]</ety> <def>A male cat; a tomcat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gib</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act like a cat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Gib</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A piece or slip of metal or wood, notched or otherwise, in a machine or structure, to hold other parts in place or bind them together, or to afford a bearing surface; -- usually held or adjusted by means of a wedge, key, or screw.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Gib and key</col>, &or; <col>Gib and cotter</col></mcol> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>the fixed wedge or <i>gib<i>, and the driving wedge,<i>key<i>, or <i>cotter<i>, used for tightening the strap which holds the brasses at the end of a connecting rod.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gib</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gibbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gibbing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To secure or fasten with a gib, or gibs; to provide with a gib, or gibs.</def>

<cs><col>Gibbed lathe</col>, <cd>an engine lathe in which the tool carriage is held down to the bed by a gib instead of by a weight.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gib</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To balk. See <er>Jib</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<i>Youatt.</i>

<h1>Gibbartas</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib*bar"tas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Ar. <ets>jebb\'ber</ets> giant; or L. <ets>gibber</ets> humpbacked: cf. F. <ets>gibbar</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several finback whales of the North Atlantic; -- called also <altname>Jupiter whale</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jubartas</asp>, <asp>gubertas</asp>, <asp>dubertus</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Gibber</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Gib</er> to balk.]</ety> <def>A balky horse.</def>

<i>Youatt.</i>

<h1>Gibber</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gibbered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gibbering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to <ets>jabber</ets>, and <ets>gabble</ets>.]</ety> <def>To speak rapidly and inarticulately.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gibberish</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib"ber*ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Gibber</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Rapid and inarticulate talk; unintelligible language; unmeaning words; jargon.</def>

<blockquote>He, like a gypsy, oftentimes would go;
All kinds of <b>gibberish</b> he had learnt to known.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Such <b>gibberish</b> as children may be heard amusing themselves with.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gibberish</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib"ber*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unmeaning; <as>as, <ex>gibberish</ex> language</as>.</def>

<h1>Gibbet</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib"bet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gibet</ets>, F. <ets>gibet</ets>, in OF. also club, fr. LL. <ets>gibetum</ets>;; cf. OF. <ets>gibe</ets> sort of sickle or hook, It. <ets>giubbetto</ets> gibbet, and <ets>giubbetta</ets>, dim. of <ets>giubba</ets> mane, also, an under waistcoat, doublet, Prov. It. <ets>gibba</ets> (cf. <er>Jupon</er>); so that it perhaps originally signified a halter, a rope round the neck of malefactors; or it is, perhaps, derived fr. L. <ets>gibbus</ets> hunched, humped, E. <ets>gibbous</ets>; or cf. E. <ets>jib</ets> a sail.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of gallows; an upright post with an arm projecting from the top, on which, formerly, malefactors were hanged in chains, and their bodies allowed to remain asa warning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is suspended; the jib.</def>

<h1>Gibbet</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib"bet</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gibbeted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gibbeting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To hang and expose on a gibbet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To expose to infamy; to blacken.</def>

<blockquote>I'll <b>gibbet</b> up his name.
<i>Oldham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gibbier</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib"bier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gibier</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wild fowl; game.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Gibbon</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib"bon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gibbon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any arboreal ape of the genus <spn>Hylobates</spn>, of which many species and varieties inhabit the East Indies and Southern Asia. They are tailless and without cheek pouches, and have very long arms, adapted for climbing.</def>

<-- common subtypes -->
<note>&hand; The white-handed gibbon (<spn>Hylobates lar</spn>), the crowned (<spn>H. pilatus</spn>), the wou-wou or singing gibbon (<spn>H. agilis</spn>), the siamang, and the hoolock. are the most common species.</note>

<h1>Gib boom</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib" boom`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Jib boom</er>.</def>

<h1>Gibbose</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib*bose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gibbosus</ets>, fr. <ets>gibbus</ets>, <ets>gibba</ets>, hunch, hump. Cf. <er>Gibbous</er>.]</ety> <def>Humped; protuberant; -- said of a surface which presents one or more large elevations.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Gibbostity</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib*bost"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gibbosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being gibbous or gibbose; gibbousness.</def>

<h1>Gibbous</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib"bous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gibbeux</ets>. See <er>Gibbose</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Swelling by a regular curve or surface; protuberant; convex; <as>as, the moon is <ex>gibbous</ex> between the half-moon and the full moon</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The bones will rise, and make a <b>gibbous</b> member.
<i>Wiseman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hunched; hump-backed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Gib"bous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Gib"bous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Gibbsite</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gibbs"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after George <ets>Gibbs</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrate of alumina.</def>

<h1>Gib-cat</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib"-cat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A male cat, esp. an old one. See lst <er>Gib</er>. <tt>n.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gibe</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gibe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gibed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gibing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Prov. F. <ets>giber</ets>, equiv. to F. <ets>jouer</ets> to play, Icel. <ets>geipa</ets> to talk nonsense, E. <ets>jabber</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cast reproaches and sneering expressions; to rail; to utter taunting, sarcastic words; to flout; to fleer; to scoff.</def>

<blockquote>Fleer and <b>gibe</b>, and laugh and flout.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gibe</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gibe</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To reproach with contemptuous words; to deride; to scoff at; to mock.</def>

<blockquote>Draw the beasts as I describe them,
 From their features, while I <b>gibe</b> them.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gibe</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gibe</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An expression of sarcastic scorn; a sarcastic jest; a scoff; a taunt; a sneer.</def>

<blockquote>Mark the fleers, the <b>gibes</b>, and notable scorns.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With solemn <b>gibe</b> did Eustace banter me.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gibel</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>gibel</ets>, <ets>giebel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of carp (<spn>Cyprinus gibelio</spn>); -- called also <altname>Prussian carp</altname>.</def>

<h1>Giber</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who utters gibes.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Gibfish</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The male of the salmon.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Gibingly</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a gibing manner; scornfully.</def>

<h1>Giblet</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of giblets; <as>as, a <ex>giblet</ex> pie</as>.</def>

<h1>Giblets</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib"lets</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gibelet</ets>, OF. <ets>gibelet</ets> game: cf. F. <ets>gibelotte</ets> stewed rabbit. Cf. <er>Gibbier</er>.]</ety> <def>The inmeats, or edible viscera (heart, gizzard, liver, etc.), of poultry.</def>

<h1>Gibstaff</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gib"staff`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>gib</ets> a hooked stick + E. <ets>staff</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A staff to guage water, or to push a boat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A staff formerly used in fighting beasts on the stage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Gid</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Giddy</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A disease of sheep, characterized by vertigo; the staggers. It is caused by the presence of the C<?/nurus, a larval tapeworm, in the brain. See <er>C<?/nurus</er>.</def>

<h1>Giddily</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gid"di*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a giddy manner.</def>

<h1>Giddiness</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gid"di*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being giddy.</def>

<h1>Giddy</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gid"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Giddier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Giddiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gidi</ets> mad, silly, AS. <ets>gidig</ets>, of unknown origin, cf. Norw. <ets>gidda</ets> to shake, tremble.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having in the head a sensation of whirling or reeling about; having lost the power of preserving the balance of the body, and therefore wavering and inclined to fall; lightheaded; dizzy.</def>

<blockquote>By <b>giddy</b> head and staggering legs betrayed.
<i>Tate.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Promoting or inducing giddiness; <as>as, a <ex>giddy</ex> height; a <ex>giddy</ex> precipice.</as></def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<blockquote>Upon the <b>giddy</b> footing of the hatches.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Bewildering on account of rapid turning; running round with celerity; gyratory; whirling.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>giddy</b> motion of the whirling mill.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Characterized by inconstancy; unstable; changeable; fickle; wild; thoughtless; heedless. "<i>Giddy</i>, foolish hours." <i>Rowe</i>. "<i>Giddy</i> chance." <i>Dryden</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Young heads are <b>giddy</b> and young hearts are warm.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Giddy</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gid"dy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To reel; to whirl.</def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Giddy</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gid"dy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make dizzy or unsteady.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Giddy-head</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gid"dy-head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person without thought fulness, prudence, or judgment.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Giddy-headed</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gid"dy-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Thoughtless; unsteady.</def>

<h1>Giddy-paced</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gid"dy-paced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Moving irregularly; flighty; fickle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gie</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To guide. See <er>Gye</er> .</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gie</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Gier-eagle</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gier"-ea`gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>gier</ets> vulture, G. <ets>gier</ets>, and E. <ets>gyrfalcon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird referred to in the Bible (<i>Lev. xi. 18</i>and <i>Deut. xiv. 17</i>) as unclean, probably the Egyptian vulture (<spn>Neophron percnopterus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Gier-falcon</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gier"-fal`con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gier-eagle</er>, <er>Gyrfalcon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The gyrfalcon.</def>

<h1>Gieseckite</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gie"seck*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after Karl <ets>Giesecke</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occurring in greenish gray six-sided prisms, having a greasy luster. It is probably a pseudomorph after el\'91olite.</def>

<h1>Gif</h1>
<Xpage=624>

<hw>Gif</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[AS. See <er>If</er>.]</ety> <def>If.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; <i>Gif</i> is the old form of <i>if</i>, and frequently occurs in the earlier English writers. See <er>If</er>.</note>

<hr>
<page="625">
Page 625<p>

<h1>Giffard injector</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gif"fard in*ject"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Injector</er>.</def>

<h1>Giffgaff</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Giff"gaff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Reduplicated fr. <ets>give</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mutial accommodation; mutual giving.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Giffy</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gif"fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Jiffy</er>.</def>

<h1>Gift</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gift</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gift</ets>, <ets>yift</ets>, <ets>yeft</ets>, AS. <ets>gift</ets>, fr. <ets>gifan</ets> to give; akin to D. & G. <ets>gift</ets>, Icel. <ets>gift</ets>, <ets>gipt</ets>, Goth. <ets>gifts</ets> (in comp.). See <er>Give</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything given; anything voluntarily transferred by one person to another without compensation; a present; an offering.</def>

<blockquote>Shall I receive by <b>gift</b>, what of my own, . . .
I can command ?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act, right, or power of giving or bestowing; <as>as, the office is in the <ex>gift</ex> of the President</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A bribe; anything given to corrupt.</def>

<blockquote>Neither take a <b>gift</b>, for a <b>gift</b> doth blind the eyes of the wise.
<i>Deut. xvi. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Some quality or endowment given to man by God; a pre\'89minent and special talent or aptitude; power; faculty; <as>as, the <ex>gift</ex> of wit; a <ex>gift</ex> for speaking.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A voluntary transfer of real or personal property, without any consideration. It can be perfected only by deed, or in case of personal property, by an actual delivery of possession.</def>

<i>Bouvier. Burrill.</i>

<cs><col>Gift rope</col> <fld>(Naut)</fld>, <cd>a rope extended to a boat for towing it; a guest rope.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Present; donation; grant; largess; benefaction; boon; bounty; gratuity; endowment; talent; faculty.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Gift</er>, <er>Present</er>, <er>Donation</er>. These words, as here compared, denote something gratuitously imparted to another out of one's property. A <i>gift</i> is something given whether by a superior or an inferior, and is usually designed for the relief or benefit of him who receives it. A <i>present</i> is ordinarly from an equal or inferior, and is always intended as a compliment or expression of kindness. <i>Donation</i> is a word of more dignity, denoting, properly, a gift of considerable value, and ordinarly a gift made either to some public institution, or to an individual on account of his services to the public; as, a <i>donation</i> to a hospital, a charitable society, or a minister.</usage>

<h1>Gift</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gift</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gifted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gifting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To endow with some power or faculty.</def>

<blockquote>He was <b>gifted</b> . . . with philosophical sagacity.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Giftedness</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gift"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being gifted.</def>

<i>Echard.</i>

<h1>Gid</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>gigue</ets>. See <er>Jig</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A fiddle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gig</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gig</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. L. <ets>gignere</ets> to beget.]</ety> <def>To engender.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Gig</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gig</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of spear or harpoon. See <er>Fishgig</er>.</def>

<h1>Gig</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gig</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fish with a gig.</def>

<h1>Gig</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gig</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gigge</ets>. Cf. <er>Giglot</er>.]</ety> <def>A playful or wanton girl; a giglot.</def>

<h1>Gig</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gig</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>g<?/gja</ets> fiddle, MHG. <ets>g<?/ge</ets>, G. <ets>geige</ets>, Icel. <ets>geiga</ets> to take a wrong direction, rove at random, and E. <ets>jig</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A top or whirligig; any little thing that is whirled round in play.</def>

<blockquote>Thou disputest like an infant; go, whip thy <b>gig</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A light carriage, with one pair of wheels, drawn by one horse; a kind of chaise.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A long, light rowboat, generally clinkerbuilt, and designed to be fast; a boat appropriated to the use of the commanding officer; <as>as, the captain's <ex>gig</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A rotatory cylinder, covered with wire teeth or teasels, for teaseling woolen cloth.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Gig machine</col>, <col>Gigging machine</col>, <col>Gig mill</col>, &or; <col>Napping machine</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Gig</er>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Gig saw</col>. <cd>See <er>Jig saw</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gigantean</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gi`gan*te"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>giganteus</ets>, fr. <ets>gigas</ets>, <ets>antis</ets>. See <er>Giant</er>.]</ety> <def>Like a giant; mighty; gigantic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Gigantesque</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gi`gan*tesque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Befitting a giant; bombastic; magniloquent.</def>

<blockquote>The sort of mock-heroic <b>gigantesque</b>
With which we bantered little Lilia first.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gigantic</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gi*gan"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gigas</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, giant. See <er>Giant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of extraordinary size; like a giant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Such as a giant might use, make, or cause; immense; tremendous; extraordinarly; <as>as, <ex>gigantic</ex> deeds; <ex>gigantic</ex> wickedness.</as></def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>When descends on the Atlantic
The <b>gigantic</b>
Strom wind of the equinox.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gigantical</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gi*gan"tic*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bulky, big.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Burton</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Gi*gan"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Giganticide</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gi*gan"ti*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[. <ets>gigas</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, giant + <ets>caedere</ets> to kill.]</ety> <def>The act of killing, or one who kills, a giant.</def>

<i>Hallam.</i>

<h1>Gigantine</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gi*gan"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gigantic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bullokar.</i>

<h1>Gigantology</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gi`gan*tol"og*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, giant + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gigantologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>An account or description of giants.</def>

<h1>Gigantomachy</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gi`gan*tom"a*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gigantoma<?/hia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, giant + <?/ battle: cf. F. <ets>gigantomachie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A war of giants; especially, the fabulous war of the giants against heaven.</def>

<mhw><h1>Gide, Guide</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Guide</hw></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>guide</ets>, <ets>guiche</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>The leather strap by which the shield of a knight was slung across the shoulder, or across the neck and shoulder.</def>

<i>Meyrick (Ancient Armor).</i>

<h1>Gigerium</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gi*ge"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gigeria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>gigeria</ets>, pl., the cooked entrails of poultry.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The muscular stomach, or gizzard, of birds.</def>

<h1>Gigget</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gig"get</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Gigot</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Cut the slaves to <b>giggets</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Giggle</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gig"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Giggled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Giggling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to <ets>gaggle</ets>: cf. OD. <ets>ghichelen</ets>, G. <ets>kichern</ets>.]</ety> <def>To laugh with short catches of the breath or voice; to laugh in a light, affected, or silly manner; to titter with childish levity.</def>

<blockquote><b>Giggling</b> and laughing with all their might
At the piteous hap of the fairy wight.
<i>J. R. Drake.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Giggle</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gig"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of laugh, with short catches of the voice or breath; a light, silly laugh.</def>

<h1>Giggler</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gig"gler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who giggles or titters.</def>

<h1>Giggly</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gig"gly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Prone to giggling.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Giggot</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gig"got</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gigot</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Giggyng</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gig"gyng</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gige</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of fastending the gige or leather strap to the shield.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Gigging</i> of shields."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Giglot, Giglet</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw><hw>Gig"lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gig"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>gikkr</ets> a pert, rude person, Dan. <ets>giek</ets> a fool, silly man, AS. <ets>gagol</ets>, <ets>g\'91gl</ets>, lascivious, wanton, MHG. <ets>gogel</ets> wanton, <ets>giege</ets> fool, and E. <ets>gig</ets> a wanton person.]</ety> <def>A wanton; a lascivious or light, giddy girl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>giglet</b> is willful, and is running upon her fate.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Giglot</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gig"lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giddi; light; inconstant; wanton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "O <i>giglot</i> fortune!"

<i>Shak.</i>

<mhw><h1>Gigot, Giggot</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gig"ot</hw>, <hw>Gig"got</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. OF. <ets>gigue</ets> fiddle; -- on account of the resemblance in shape. See <er>Jig</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A leg of mutton.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small piece of flesh; a slice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The rest in <b>giggots</b> cut, they spit.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gila monster</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gi"la mon"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large tuberculated lizard (<spn>Heloderma suspectum</spn>) native of the dry plains of Arizona, New Mexico, etc. It is the only lizard known to have venomous teeth.</def>

<h1>Gild</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gild</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gilded</er> or <er>Gilt</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gilding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>gyldan</ets>, from <ets>gold</ets> gold. &root;234. See <er>Gold</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To overlay with a thin covering of gold; to cover with a golden color; to cause to look like gold.</def> "<i>Gilded</i> chariots."

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>No more the rising sun shall <b>gild</b> the morn.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make attractive; to adorn; to brighten.</def>

<blockquote>Let oft good humor, mild and gay,
<b>Gild</b> the calm evening of your day.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give a fair but deceptive outward appearance to; to embellish; <as>as, to <ex>gild</ex> a lie</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make red with drinking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This grand liquior that hath <b>gilded</b> them.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gildale</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gild"ale`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gilgan</ets> to pay + E. <ets>ale</ets>. See <er>Yield</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and <er>Ale</er>.]</ety> <def>A drinking bout in which every one pays an equal share.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gilden</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gild"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gilded.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Gilder</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gild"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gilds; one whose occupation is to overlay with gold.</def>

<h1>Gilder</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gil"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Dutch coin. See <er>Guilder</er>.</def>

<h1>Guilding</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Guild"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or practice of overlaying or covering with gold leaf; also, a thin coating or wash of gold, or of that which resembles gold.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gold in leaf, powder, or liquid, for application to any surface.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any superficial coating or appearance, as opposed to what is solid and genuine.</def>

<cs><col>Gilding metal</col>, <cd>a tough kind of sheet brass from which cartridge shells are made.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gile</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Guile</er>.]</ety> <def>Guile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gill</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dan. <ets>gi\'91lle</ets>, <ets>gelle</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>g\'84l</ets>, Icel. <ets>gj\'94lnar</ets> gills; cf. AS. <ets>geagl</ets>, <ets>geahl</ets>, jaw.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An organ for aquatic respiration; a branchia.</def>

<blockquote>Fishes perform respiration under water by the <b>gills</b>.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Gills</i> are usually lamellar or filamentous appendages, through which the blood circulates, and in which it is exposed to the action of the air contained in the water. In vertebrates they are appendages of the visceral arches on either side of the neck. In invertebrates they occupy various situations.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The radiating, gill-shaped plates forming the under surface of a mushroom.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fleshy flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl; a wattle.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The flesh under or about the chin.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Spinning)</fld> <def>One of the combs of closely ranged steel pins which divide the ribbons of flax fiber or wool into fewer parallel filaments. <ety>[Prob. so called from F. <ets>aiguilles</ets>, needles. <i>Ure</i>.]</ety>

<cs><mcol><col>Gill arches</col>, <col>Gill bars</col></mcol>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Branchial arches</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Gill clefts</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Branchial clefts</cref>. See under <er>Branchial</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Gill cover</col>, <col>Gill lid</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Operculum</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Gill frame</col>, &or; <col>Gill head</col></mcol> <fld>(Flax Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a spreader; a machine for subjecting flax to the action of gills. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Gill net</col>, <cd>a flat net so suspended in the water that its meshes allow the heads of fish to pass, but catch in the gills when they seek to extricate themselves.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Gill opening</col>, &or; <col>Gill slit</col></mcol> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>an opening behind and below the head of most fishes, and some amphibians, by which the water from the gills is discharged. In most fishes there is a single opening on each side, but in the sharks and rays there are five, or more, on each side.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Gill rakes</col>, &or; <col>Gill rakers</col></mcol> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>horny filaments, or progresses, on the inside of the branchial arches of fishes, which help to prevent solid substances from being carried into gill cavities.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gill</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gill</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A two-wheeled frame for transporting timber.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Gill</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gill</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A leech.</def> <altsp>[Also <asp>gell</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jameison.</i>

<h1>Gill</h1>
<Xpage=625>

<hw>Gill</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>gil</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woody glen; a narrow valley containing a stream.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Gill</h1>
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<hw>Gill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>gille</ets>, <ets>gelle</ets>, a sort of measure for wine, LL. <ets>gillo</ets>, <ets>gello</ets>., Cf. <er>Gallon</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure of capacity, containing one fourth of a pint.</def>

<h1>Gill</h1>
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<hw>Gill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. from <ets>Gillian</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A young woman; a sweetheart; a flirting or wanton girl.</def> "Each Jack with his <i>Gill</i>."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The ground ivy (<spn>Nepeta Glechoma</spn>); -- called also <altname>gill over the ground</altname>, and other like names.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Malt liquor medicated with ground ivy.</def>

<cs><col>Gill ale</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Ale flavored with ground ivy.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Alehoof.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gill-flirt</h1>
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<hw>Gill"-flirt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thoughtless, giddy girl; a flirt-gill.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Gillhouse</h1>
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<hw>Gill"house`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shop where gill is sold.</def>

<blockquote>Thee shall each alehouse, thee each <b>gillhouse</b> mourn.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gillian</h1>
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<hw>Gil"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>Gillian</ets>, a woman's name, for <ets>Julian</ets>, <ets>Juliana</ets>. Cf. <er>Gill</er> a girl.]</ety> <def>A girl; esp., a wanton; a gill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Gillie Gilly</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gil"lie Gil"ly</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>gille</ets>, <ets>giolla</ets>, boy, lad.]</ety> <def>A boy or young man; a manservant; a male attendant, in the Scottish Highlands.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Gillyflower</h1>
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<hw>Gil"ly*flow`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gilofre</ets>, <ets>gilofer</ets>, clove, OF. <ets>girofre</ets>, <ets>girofle</ets>, F. <ets>girofle</ets>: cf. F. <ets>girofl\'82e</ets> gillyflower, fr. <ets>girofle</ets>, Gr. <?/ clove tree; <?/ nut + <?/ leaf, akin to E. <ets>foliage</ets>. Cf. <er>Caryophyllus</er>, <er>July-flower</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A name given by old writers to the clove pink (<spn>Dianthus Caryophyllus</spn>) but now to the common stock (<spn>Matthiola incana</spn>), a cruciferous plant with showy and fragrant blossoms, usually purplish, but often pink or white.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of apple, of a roundish conical shape, purplish red color, and having a large core.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>gilliflower</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Clove gillflower</col>, <cd>the clove pink.</cd> -- <col>Marsh gillyflower</col>, <cd>the ragged robin (<spn>Lychnis Flos-cuculi</spn>).</cd> -- <mcol><col>Queen's, &or; Winter</col>, <col>gillyflower</col></mcol>, <cd>damewort.</cd> -- <col>Sea gillyflower</col>, <cd>the thrift (<spn>Armeria vulgaris</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Wall gillyflower</col>, <cd>the wallflower (<spn>Cheiranthus Cheiri</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Water gillyflower</col>, <cd>the water violet.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gilour</h1>
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<hw>Gil"our</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.]</ety> <def>A guiler; deceiver.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gilse</h1>
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<hw>Gilse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>gleisiad</ets>, fr. <ets>glas</ets> blue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Grilse</er>.</def>

<h1>Gilt</h1>
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<hw>Gilt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Geld</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A female pig, when young.</def>

<h1>Gilt</h1>
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<hw>Gilt</hw>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Gild</er>.</def>

<h1>Gilt</h1>
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<hw>Gilt</hw>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Gilded; covered with gold; of the color of gold; golden yellow.</def> "<i>Gilt</i> hair"

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gilt</h1>
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<hw>Gilt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Gold, or that which resembles gold, laid on the surface of a thing; gilding.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Money.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>gilt</i> of France."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gilt-edge, Gilt-edged</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gilt"-edge`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gilt"-edged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a gilt edge; <as>as, <ex>gilt-edged</ex> paper</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of the best quality; -- said of negotiable paper, etc.</def> <mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Gilthead</h1>
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<hw>Gilt"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine fish</def>. The name is applied to two species: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The <spn>Pagrus, &or; Chrysophrys, auratus</spn>, a valuable food fish common in the Mediterranean (so named from its golden-colored head); -- called also <altname>giltpoll</altname></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The <spn>Crenilabrus melops</spn>, of the British coasts; -- called also <altname>golden maid</altname>, <altname>conner</altname>, <altname>sea partridge</altname>.</def>

<h1>Giltif</h1>
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<hw>Gilt"if</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>gilti</ets>, by confusion with <ets>-if</ets>, <ets>-ive</ets>, in French forms. See <er>Guilty</er>.]</ety> <def>Guilty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gilttail</h1>
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<hw>Gilt"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A yellow-tailed worm or larva.</def>

<h1>Gim</h1>
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<hw>Gim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gimp</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Neat; spruce.</def> <mark>[Prov.]</mark>

<mhw><h1>Gimbal, &or; Gimbals</h1>
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<hw>Gim"bal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Gim"bals</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gimmal</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A contrivance for permitting a body to incline freely in all directions, or for suspending anything, as a barometer, ship's compass, chronometer, etc., so that it will remain plumb, or level, when its support is tipped, as by the rolling of a ship. It consists of a ring in which the body can turn on an axis through a diameter of the ring, while the ring itself is so pivoted to its support that it can turn about a diameter at right angles to the first.</def>

<cs><col>Gimbal joint</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a universal joint embodying the principle of the gimbal.</cd> -- <col>Gimbal ring</col>, <cd>a single gimbal, as that by which the cockeye of the upper millstone is supported on the spindle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gimblet</h1>
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<hw>Gim"blet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Gimlet</er>.</def>

<h1>Gimcrack</h1>
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<hw>Gim"crack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE., a spruce and pert pretender, also, a spruce girl, prob. fr. <ets>gim + crack</ets> lad, boaster.]</ety> <def>A trivial mechanism; a device; a toy; a pretty thing.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Gimlet</h1>
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<hw>Gim"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Also written and pronounced <asp>gimbled</asp> <tt>(<?/)</tt>]</altsp> <ety>[OF. <ets>guimbelet</ets>, <ets>guibelet</ets>, F. <ets>gibelet</ets>, prob. fr. OD. <ets>wimpel</ets>, <ets>weme</ets>, a bore, <ets>wemelen</ets> to bore, to wimble. See <er>Wimble</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A small tool for boring holes. It has a leading screw, a grooved body, and a cross handle.</def>

<cs><col>Gimlet eye</col>, <cd>a squint-eye. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <i>Wright</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gimlet</h1>
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<hw>Gim"let</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gimleted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gimleting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pierce or make with a gimlet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To turn round (an anchor) by the stock, with a motion like turning a gimlet.</def>

<h1>Gimmal</h1>
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<hw>Gim"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. the same word as <ets>gemel</ets>. See <er>Gemel</er>, and cf. <er>Gimbal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Joined work whose parts move within each other; a pair or series of interlocked rings.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A quaint piece of machinery; a gimmer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gommal</h1>
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<hw>Gom"mal</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made or consisting of interlocked ring<?/ or links; <as>as, <ex>gimmal</ex> mail</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In their pale dull mouths the <b>gimmal</b> bit
Lies foul with chewed grass.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Gimmal joint</col>. <cd>See <cref>Gimbal joint</cref>, under <er>Gimbal</er>.</cd></cs>

<mhw><h1>Gimmer, Gimmor</h1>
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<hw>Gim"mer</hw>, <hw>Gim"mor</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gimmal</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A piece of mechanism; mechanical device or contrivance; a gimcrack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>  <i>Shak.</i>

<hr>
<page="626">
Page 626<p>

<h1>Gimp</h1>
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<hw>Gimp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>gwymp</ets> fair, neat, comely.]</ety> <def>Smart; spruce; trim; nice.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Gimp</h1>
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<hw>Gimp</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>guimpe</ets>, <ets>guimple</ets>, a nun's wimple, F. <ets>guimpe</ets>, OHG. <ets>wimpal</ets> a veil G. <ets>wimpel</ets> pennon, pendant. See <er>Wimple</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A narrow ornamental fabric of silk, woolen, or cotton, often with a metallic wire, or sometimes a coarse cord, running through it; -- used as trimming for dresses, furniture, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Gimp nail, an upholsterer's small nail.

<h1>Gimp</h1>
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<hw>Gimp</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To notch; to indent; to jag.</def>

<h1>Gin</h1>
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<hw>Gin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ge</ets>\'a0<tt>n.</tt> See <er>Again</er>.]</ety> <def>Against; near by; towards; <as>as, <ex>gin</ex> night</as>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>A. Ross (1778).</i>

<h1>Gin</h1>
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<hw>Gin</hw>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gin</er>, <ets>prep</ets>.]</ety> <def>If.</def> <mark>[Scotch]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Gin</h1>
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<hw>Gin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gan</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Gon</er> (<?/), &or; <er>Gun</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ginning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ginnen</ets>, AS. <ets>ginnan</ets> (in comp.), prob. orig., to open, cut open, cf. OHG. in<ets>ginnan</ets> to begin, open, cut open, and prob. akin to AS. <ets>g\'c6nan</ets> to yawn, and E. <ets>yawn</ets>. <?/ See <er>Yawn</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and cf. <er>Begin</er>.]</ety> <def>To begin; -- often followed by an infinitive without <i>to</i>; <as>as, <ex>gan</ex> tell</as>. See</def> <er>Gan</er>. <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark> "He <i>gan</i> to pray.</def>"

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gin</h1>
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<hw>Gin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. from <ets>Geneva</ets>. See 2d <er>Geneva</er>.]</ety> <def>A strong alcoholic liquor, distilled from rye and barley, and flavored with juniper berries; -- also called <altname>Hollands</altname> and <altname>Holland gin</altname>, because originally, and still very extensively, manufactured in Holland. Common gin is usually flavored with turpentine.</def>

<h1>Gin</h1>
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<hw>Gin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A contraction of <ets>engine</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Contrivance; artifice; a trap; a snare.</def>

<i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A machine for raising or moving heavy weights, consisting of a tripod formed of poles united at the top, with a windlass, pulleys, ropes, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A hoisting drum, usually vertical; a whim.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A machine for separating the seeds from cotton; a cotton gin.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also given to an instrument of torture worked with screws, and to a pump moved by rotary sails.</note>

<cs><col>Gin block</col>, <cd>a simple form of tackle block, having one wheel, over which a rope runs; -- called also <altname>whip gin</altname>, <altname>rubbish pulley</altname>, and <altname>monkey wheel</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Gin power</col>, <cd>a form of horse power for driving a cotton gin.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Gin race</col>, &or; <col>Gin ring</col></mcol>, <cd>the path of the horse when putting a gin in motion.</cd> <i>Halliwell</i>. -- <col>Gin saw</col>, <cd>a saw used in a cotton gin for drawing the fibers through the grid, leaving the seed in the hopper.</cd> -- <col>Gin wheel</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In a cotton gin, a wheel for drawing the fiber through the grid; a brush wheel to clean away the lint.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <cd>the drum of a whim.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gin</h1>
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<hw>Gin</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ginned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ginning</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To catch in a trap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To clear of seeds by a machine; <as>as, to <ex>gin</ex> cotton</as>.</def>

<h1>Ging</h1>
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<hw>Ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Gang</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There is a knot, a <b>ging</b>, a pack, a conspiracy against me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gingal</h1>
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<hw>Gin*gal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Jingal</er>.</def>

<h1>Ginger</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gin"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ginger</ets>, <ets>gingever</ets>, <ets>gingivere</ets>, OF. <ets>gengibre</ets>, <ets>gingimbre</ets>, F. <ets>gingembre</ets>, L. <ets>zingiber</ets>, <ets>zingiberi</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; of Oriental origin; cf. Ar. & Pers. <ets>zenjeb\'c6l</ets>, fr. Skr. <ets><?/<?/<?/gav\'89ra</ets>, prop., hornshaped; <ets><?/<?/<?/ga</ets> horn + <ets>v\'89ra</ets> body.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Zingiber</spn>, of the East and West Indies. The species most known is <spn>Z. officinale</spn>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The hot and spicy rootstock of <spn>Zingiber officinale</spn>, which is much used in cookery and in medicine.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Ginger</col> <col>beer &or; ale</col></mcol>, <cd>a mild beer impregnated with ginger.</cd> -- <col>Ginger cordial</col>, <cd>a liquor made from ginger, raisins, lemon rind, and water, and sometimes whisky or brandy.</cd> -- <col>Ginger pop</col>. <cd>See <cref>Ginger beer</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Ginger wine</col>, <cd>wine impregnated with ginger.</cd> -- <col>Wild ginger</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American herb (<spn>Asarum Canadense</spn>) with two reniform leaves and a long, cordlike rootstock which has a strong taste of ginger.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gingerbread</h1>
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<hw>Gin"ger*bread`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of plain sweet cake seasoned with ginger, and sometimes made in fanciful shapes. <i>Gingerbread</i> that was full fine."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Gingerbread tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the doom palm; -- so called from the resemblance of its fruit to gingerbread. See <er>Doom Palm</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gingerbread work</col>, <cd>ornamentation, in architecture or decoration, of a fantastic, trivial, or tawdry character.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gingerly</h1>
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<hw>Gin"ger*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>ginger</ets> brittle, tender; cf. dial. Sw. <ets>gingla</ets>, <ets>g\'84ngla</ets>, to go gently, totter, akin to E. <ets>gang</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cautiously; timidly; fastidiously; daintily.</def>

<blockquote>What is't that you took up so <b>gingerly</b> ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gingerness</h1>
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<hw>Gin"ger*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cautiousness; tenderness.</def>

<h1>Gingham</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Ging"ham</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>guingan</ets>; cf. Jav. <ets>ginggang</ets>; <ets>or perh</ets>. <ets>fr</ets>. <ets>Guingamp</ets>, in France.]</ety> <def>A kind of cotton or linen cloth, usually in stripes or checks, the yarn of which is dyed before it is woven; -- distinguished from printed cotton or prints.</def>

<h1>Ginging</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Ging"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The lining of a mine shaft with stones or bricks to prevent caving.</def>

<h1>Gingival</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gin"gi*val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gingiva</ets> the gum.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the gums.</def>

<i>Holder.</i>

<h1>Gingle</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gin"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Jingle</er>.</def>

<h1>Ginglyform</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gin"gly*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Ginglymoid.</def>

<h1>Ginglymodi</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gin`gly*mo"di</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.; cf. Gr. <?/ ginglymoid. See <er>Ginglymoid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of ganoid fishes, including the modern gar pikes and many allied fossil forms. They have rhombic, ganoid scales, a heterocercal tail, paired fins without an axis, fulcra on the fins, and a bony skeleton, with the vertebr\'91 convex in front and concave behind, forming a ball and socket joint. See <er>Ganoidel</er>.</def>

<h1>Ginglymoid, Ginglymoidal</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw><hw>Gin"gly*moid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gin`gly*moid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ ginglymus + <?/ form: cf. F. <ets>ginglymoide</ets>, <ets>ginglymo\'8bdal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a ginglymus, or hinge joint; ginglyform.</def>

<h1>Ginglymus</h1>
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<hw>Gin"gly*mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ginglymi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a hingelike joint, a ball and socket joint.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A hinge joint; an articulation, admitting of flexion and extension, or motion in two directions only, as the elbow and the ankle.</def>

<h1>Ginhouse</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gin"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A building where cotton is ginned.</def>

<h1>Ginkgo</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gink"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ginkgoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Chin., silver fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large ornamental tree (<spn>Ginkgo biloba</spn>) from China and Japan, belonging to the Yew suborder of <spn>Conifer\'91</spn>. Its leaves are so like those of some maidenhair ferns, that it is also called the <altname>maidenhair tree</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ginnee</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gin"nee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ginn</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>See <er>Jinnee</er>.</def>

<h1>Ginnet</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gin"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Genet</er>, a horse.</def>

<h1>Ginning</h1>
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<hw>Gin"ning</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gin</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Beginning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ginny-carriage</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gin"ny-car`riage</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small, strong carriage for conveying materials on a railroad.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Ginseng</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gin"seng</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Chinese.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Aralia</spn>, the root of which is highly valued as a medicine among the Chinese. The Chinese plant (<spn>Aralia Schinseng</spn>) has become so rare that the American (<spn>A. quinquefolia</spn>) has largely taken its place, and its root is now an article of export from America to China. The root, when dry, is of a yellowish white color, with a sweetness in the taste somewhat resembling that of licorice, combined with a slight aromatic bitterness.</def>

<h1>Ginshop</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gin"shop`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shop or barroom where gin is sold as a beverage.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Gip</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To take out the entrails of (herrings).</def>

<h1>Gip</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gip</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A servant. See <er>Gyp</er>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Gipoun</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gi*poun"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Jupon</er>.]</ety> <def>A short cassock.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gepoun</asp>, <asp>gypoun</asp>, <asp>jupon</asp>, <asp>juppon</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gipser, Gipsire</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw><hw>Gip"ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gip"sire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gibeci\'8are</ets> a game pouch or game pocket. Cf. <er>Gibbier</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of pouch formerly worn at the girdle.</def>

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>gipser</b> all of silk,
Hung at his girdle, white as morn\'82 milk.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gipsy</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gip"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. a..</tt> <def>See <er>Gypsy</er>.</def>

<h1>Gipsyism</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gip"sy*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gypsyism</er>.</def>

<h1>Giraffe</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gi*raffe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>girafe</ets>, Sp. <ets>girafa</ets>, from Ar. <ets>zur\'befa</ets>, <ets>zar\'befa</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African ruminant (<spn>Camelopardalis giraffa</spn>) related to the deers and antelopes, but placed in a family by itself; the camelopard. It is the tallest of animals, being sometimes twenty feet from the hoofs to the top of the head. Its neck is very long, and its fore legs are much longer than its hind legs.</def>

<h1>Girandole</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gir"an*dole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Gyrate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An ornamental branched candlestick.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A flower stand, fountain, or the like, of branching form.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Pyrotechny)</fld> <def>A kind of revolving firework.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A series of chambers in defensive mines.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Girasole Girasol</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw><hw>Gir"a*sole Gir"a*sol</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>girasole</ets>, or F. <ets>girasol</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gyrare</ets> to turn around + <ets>sol</ets> sun.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Heliotrope</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of opal which is usually milk white, bluish white, or sky blue; but in a bright light it reflects a reddish color.</def>

<h1>Gird</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gird</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Yard</er> a measure.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A stroke with a rod or switch; a severe spasm; a twinge; a pang.</def>

<blockquote>Conscience . . . is freed from many fearful <b>girds</b> and twinges which the atheist feels.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cut; a sarcastic remark; a gibe; a sneer.</def>

<blockquote>I thank thee for that <b>gird</b>, good Tranio.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gird</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gird</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gird</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Girde</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike; to smite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To slay him and to <b>girden</b> off his head.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sneer at; to mock; to gibe.</def>

<blockquote>Being moved, he will not spare to <b>gird</b> the gods.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gird</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gird</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To gibe; to sneer; to break a scornful jest; to utter severe sarcasms.</def>

<blockquote>Men of all sorts take a pride to <b>gird</b> at me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gird</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gird</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Girt</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Girded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Girding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>girden</ets>, <ets>gurden</ets>, AS. <ets>gyrdan</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>gurdian</ets>, D. <ets>gorden</ets>, OHG. <ets>gurten</ets>, G. <ets>g\'81rten</ets>, Icel. <ets>gyr<?/a</ets>, Sw. <ets>gjorda</ets>, Dan. <ets>giorde</ets>, Goth. <ets>biga\'a1rdan</ets> to begird, and prob. to E. <ets>yard</ets> an inclosure. Cf. <er>Girth</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <tt>v.</tt>, <er>Girt</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To encircle or bind with any flexible band.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make fast, as clothing, by binding with a cord, girdle, bandage, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To surround; to encircle, or encompass.</def>

<blockquote>That Nyseian isle,
<b>Girt</b> with the River Triton.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To clothe; to swathe; to invest.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>girded</b> thee about with fine linen.
<i>Ezek. xvi. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Son . . . appeared
<b>Girt</b> with omnipotence.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To prepare; to make ready; to equip; <as>as, to <ex>gird</ex> one's self for a contest</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thou hast <b>girded</b> me with strength.
<i>Ps. xviii. 39.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To gird on</col>, <cd>to put on; to fasten around or to one securely, like a girdle; as, <i>to gird on<i> armor or a sword.</cd>

<blockquote>Let not him that <b>girdeth on</b> his harness boast himself as he that putteth it off.
<i>1 Kings xx. 11.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To gird up</col>, <cd>to bind tightly with a girdle; to support and strengthen, as with a girdle.</cd>

<blockquote>He <b>girded up</b> his loins, and ran before Ahab.
<i>1 Kings xviii. 46.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Gird up</b> the loins of your mind.
<i>1 Pet. i. 13.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Girt up</col>; prepared or equipped, as for a journey or for work, in allusion to the ancient custom of gathering the long flowing garments into the girdle and tightening it before any exertion; hence, adjectively, eagerly or constantly active; strenuous; striving. "A severer, more <i>girt-up</i> way of living." <i>J. C. Shairp.</i></cs>

<h1>Girder</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gird"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Gird</er> to sneer at.]</ety> <def>One who girds; a satirist.</def>

<h1>Girder</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gird"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Gird</er> to encircle.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, girds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch. & Engin.)</fld> <def>A main beam; a stright, horizontal beam to span an opening or carry weight, such as ends of floor beams, etc.; hence, a framed or built-up member discharging the same office, technically called a <i>compound girder</i>. See <i>Illusts</i>. of <er>Frame</er>, and <cref>Doubleframed floor</cref>, under <er>Double</er>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Bowstring girder</col>, <col>Box girder</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Bowstring</er>, <er>Box</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Girder bridge</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bridge</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lattice girder</col>, <cd>a girder consisting of longitudinal bars united by diagonal crossing bars.</cd> -- <col>Half-lattice girder</col>, <cd>a girder consisting of horizontal upper and lower bars connected by a series of diagonal bars sloping alternately in opposite directions so as to divide the space between the bars into a series of triangles.</cd> <i>Knight</i>. -- <col>Sandwich girder</col>, <cd>a girder consisting of two parallel wooden beams, between which is an iron plate, the whole clamped together by iron bolts.</cd></cs>

<h1>Girding</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gird"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That with which one is girded; a girdle.</def>

<blockquote>Instead of a stomacher, a <b>girding</b> of sackcloth.
<i>Is. iii. 24.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Girdle</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gir"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A griddle.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Girdle</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gir"dle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gurdel</ets>, <ets>girdel</ets>, AS. <ets>gyrdel</ets>, fr. <ets>gyrdan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>gordel</ets>, G. <ets>g\'81rtel</ets>, Icel. <ets>gyr<?/ill</ets>. See <er>Gird</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, to encircle, and cf. <er>Girth</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which girds, encircles, or incloses; a circumference; a belt; esp., a belt, sash, or article of dress encircling the body usually at the waist; a cestus.</def>

<blockquote> Within the <b>girdle</b> of these walls.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their breasts girded with golden <b>girdles</b>.
<i>Rev. xv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The zodiac; also, the equator.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>From the world's <b>girdle</b> to the frozen pole.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That gems the starry <b>girdle</b> of the year.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Jewelry)</fld> <def>The line ofgreatest circumference of a brilliant-cut diamond, at which it is grasped by the setting. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Brilliant</er>.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A thin bed or stratum of stone.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The clitellus of an earthworm.</def>

<cs><col>Girdle bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the sphenethmoid. See under <er>Sphenethmoid</er>.</cd> -- <col>Girdle wheel</col>, <cd>a spinning wheel.</cd> -- <col>Sea girdle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a ctenophore. See <cref>Venus's girdle</cref>, under <er>Venus</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Shoulder</col>, <col>Pectoral</col>, &and; <col>Pelvic</col>, <col>girdle</col></mcol>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Pectoral</er>, and <er>Pelvic</er>.</cd> -- <col>To have under the girdle</col>, <cd>to have bound to one, that is, in subjection.</cd></cs>

<h1>Girdle</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gir"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Girdled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Girdling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bind with a belt or sash; to gird.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inclose; to environ; to shut in.</def>

<blockquote>Those sleeping stones,
That as a waist doth <b>girdle</b> you about.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make a cut or gnaw a groove around (a tree, etc.) through the bark and alburnum, thus killing it.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Girdler</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gir"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who girdles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A maker of girdles.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American longicorn beetle (<spn>Oncideres cingulatus</spn>) which lays its eggs in the twigs of the hickory, and then girdles each branch by gnawing a groove around it, thus killing it to provide suitable food for the larv\'91.</def>

<h1>Girdlestead</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gir"dle*stead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Girdle</ets> + <ets>stead</ets> place.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That part of the body where the girdle is worn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sheathed, beneath his <b>girdlestead</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The lap.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>There fell a flower into her <b>girdlestead</b>.
<i>Swinburne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gire</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Gyre</er>.</def>

<h1>Girkin</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gir"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Gherkin</er>.</def>

<h1>Girl</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Girl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>girle</ets>, <ets>gerle</ets>, <ets>gurle</ets>, a girl (in sense 1): cf. LG. <ets>g\'94r</ets> child.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A young person of either sex; a child.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A female child, from birth to the age of puberty; a young maiden.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A female servant; a maidservant.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A roebuck two years old.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Girlhood</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Girl"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or time of being a girl.</def>

<h1>Girlish</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Girl"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like, or characteristic of, a girl; of or pertaining to girlhood; innocent; artless; immature; weak; <as>as, <ex>girlish</ex> ways; <ex>girlish</ex> grief.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Girl"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Girl"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Girlond</h1>
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<hw>Gir"lond</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Garland</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A garland; a prize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Girn</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Girn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Grin</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To grin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Girondist</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gi*ron"dist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>Girondiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A member of the moderate republican party formed in the French legislative assembly in 1791. The Girondists were so called because their leaders were deputies from the department of La Gironde.</def>

<h1>Girondist</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gi*ron"dist</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Girondists.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Girondin</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Girrock</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Gir"rock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. F. <ets>chicarou</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A garfish.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Girt</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Girt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Gird</er>.</def>

<h1>Girt</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Girt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Girted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Girting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Girt</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, cf. <er>Girth</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>To gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a girdle; to measure the girth of; <as>as, to <ex>girt</ex> a tree</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We here create thee the first duke of Suffolk,
And <b>girt</b> thee with the sword.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Girt</h1>
<Xpage=626>

<hw>Girt</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Bound by a cable; -- used of a vessel so moored by two anchors that she swings against one of the cables by force of the current or tide.</def>

<hr>
<page="627">
Page 627<p>

<h1>Girt</h1>
<Xpage=627>

<hw>Girt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Girth</er>.</def>

<h1>Girth</h1>
<Xpage=627>

<hw>Girth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>gj\'94r<?/</ets> girdle, or <ets>ger<?/</ets> girth; akin to Goth. <ets>ga\'a1rda</ets> girdle. See <er>Gird</er> to girt, and cf. <er>Girdle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A band or strap which encircles the body; especially, one by which a saddle is fastened upon the back of a horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The measure round the body, as at the waist or belly; the circumference of anything.</def>

<blockquote>He's a lu
sty, jolly fellow, that lives well, at least three yards in the <b>girth</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small horizontal brace or girder.</def>

<h1>Girth</h1>
<Xpage=627>

<hw>Girth</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Girth</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, cf. <er>Girt</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To bind as with a girth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Girtline</h1>
<Xpage=627>

<hw>Girt"line`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A gantline.</def>

<cs><col>Hammock girtline</col>, <cd>a line rigged for hanging out hammocks to dry.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gisarm</h1>
<Xpage=627>

<hw>Gis*arm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>gisarme</ets>, <ets>guisarme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Medi\'91val Armor)</fld> <def>A weapon with a scythe-shaped blade, and a separate long sharp point, mounted on a long staff and carried by foot soldiers.</def>

<h1>Gise</h1>
<Xpage=627>

<hw>Gise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Agist</er>.]</ety> <def>To feed or pasture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gise</h1>
<Xpage=627>

<hw>Gise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Guise; manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gisle</h1>
<Xpage=627>

<hw>Gis"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>g\'c6sel</ets>; akin to G. <ets>geisel</ets>, Icel. <ets>g\'c6sl</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pledge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Gibson.</i>

<h1>Gismondine, Gismondite</h1>
<Xpage=627>

<hw><hw>Gis*mon"dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gis*mon"dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the name of the discoverer, <ets>Gismondi</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A native hydrated silicate of alumina, lime, and potash, first noticed near Rome.</def>

<h1>Gist</h1>
<Xpage=627>

<hw>Gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>giste</ets> abode, lodgings, F. <ets>g\'8cte</ets>, fr. <ets>g\'82sir</ets> to lie, L. <ets>jac<?/re</ets>, prop., to be thrown, hence, to lie, fr. <ets>jac</ets><?/<ets>re</ets> to throw. In the second sense fr. OF. <ets>gist</ets>, F. <ets>g\'8ct</ets>, 3d pers. sing. ind. of <ets>g\'82sir</ets> to lie, used in a proverb, F., c'est l\'85 que <ets>g\'8ct</ets> le li\'8avre, it is there that the hare lies, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., that is the point, the difficulty. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting forth, and cf. <er>Agist</er>, <er>Joist</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Gest</er> a stage in traveling.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A resting place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>These quails have their set <b>gists</b>; to wit, ordinary resting and baiting places.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The main point, as of a question; the point on which an action rests; the pith of a matter; <as>as, the <ex>gist</ex> of a question</as>.</def>

<h1>Git</h1>
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<hw>Git</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>See <er>Geat</er>.</def>

<h1>Gite</h1>
<Xpage=627>

<hw>Gite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She came often in a <b>gite</b> of red.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gith</h1>
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<hw>Gith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E., corn cockle; cf. W. <ets>gith</ets> corn cockle.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The corn cockle; also anciently applied to the <i>Nigella</i>, or fennel flower.</def>

<h1>Gittern</h1>
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<hw>Git"tern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>giterne</ets>, OF. <ets>guiterne</ets>, ultimately from same source as E. <ets>guitar</ets>. See <er>Guitar</er>, and cf. <er>Cittern</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument like a guitar.</def> "Harps, lutes, and <i>giternes</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gittern</h1>
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<hw>Git"tern</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To play on gittern.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Gittith</h1>
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<hw>Git"tith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb.]</ety> <def>A musical instrument, of unknown character, supposed by some to have been used by the people of Gath, and thence obtained by David. It is mentioned in the title of Psalms viii., lxxxi., and lxxxiv.</def>

<i>Dr. W. Smith.</i>

<h1>Guist</h1>
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<hw>Guist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>Same as <er>Joust</er>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Giusto</h1>
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<hw>Gius"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. L. <ets>justus</ets>. See <er>Just</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In just, correct, or suitable time.</def>

<h1>Give</h1>
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<hw>Give</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Gave</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Given</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Giving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>given</ets>, <ets>yiven</ets>, <ets>yeven</ets>, AS. <ets>gifan</ets>, <ets>giefan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>geven</ets>, OS. <ets>g<?/an</ets>, OHG. <ets>geban</ets>, Icel. <ets>gefa</ets>, Sw. <ets>gifva</ets>, Dan. <ets>give</ets>, Goth. <ets>giban</ets>. Cf. <er>Gift</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To bestow without receiving a return; to confer without compensation; to impart, as a possession; to grant, as authority or permission; to yield up or allow.</def>

<blockquote>For generous lords had rather <b>give</b> than pay.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To yield possesion of; to deliver over, as property, in exchange for something; to pay; <as>as, we <ex>give</ex> the value of what we buy</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What shall a man <b>give</b> in exchange for his soul ?
<i>Matt. xvi. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To yield; to furnish; to produce; to emit; <as>as, flint and steel <ex>give</ex> sparks</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To communicate or announce, as advice, tidings, etc.; to pronounce; to render or utter, as an opinion, a judgment, a sentence, a shout, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To grant power or license to; to permit; to allow; to license; to commission.</def>

<blockquote>It is <b>given</b> me once again to behold my friend.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Then <b>give</b> thy friend to shed the sacred wine.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To exhibit as a product or result; to produce; to show; <as>as, the number of men, divided by the number of ships, <ex>gives</ex> four hundred to each ship</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To devote; to apply; used reflexively, to devote or apply one's self; <as>as, the soldiers <ex>give</ex> themselves to plunder; also in this sense used very frequently in the past participle; <as>as, the people are <ex>given</ex> to luxury and pleasure</as>; the youth is <ex>given</ex> to study.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Logic & Math.)</fld> <def>To set forth as a known quantity or a known relation, or as a premise from which to reason; -- used principally in the passive form <i>given</i>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To allow or admit by way of supposition.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>give</b> not heaven for lost.
<i>Mlton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To attribute; to assign; to adjudge.</def>

<blockquote>I don't wonder at people's <b>giving</b> him to me as a lover.
<i>Sheridan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>To excite or cause to exist, as a sensation; <as>as, to <ex>give</ex> offense; to <ex>give</ex> pleasure or pain.</as></def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>To pledge; <as>as, to <ex>give</ex> one's word</as>.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>To cause; to make; -- with the infinitive; <as>as, to <ex>give</ex> one to understand, to know, etc</as>.</def>

<blockquote>But there the duke was <b>given</b> to understand
That in a gondola were seen together
Lorenzo and his amorous Jessica.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To give away</col>, <cd>to make over to another; to transfer.</cd>

<blockquote>Whatsoever we employ in charitable uses during our lives, is <b>given away</b> from ourselves.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To give back</col>, <cd>to return; to restore.</cd> <i>Atterbury</i>. -- <col>To give the bag</col>, <cd>to cheat.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I fear our ears have <b>given</b> us <b>the bag</b>.
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To give birth to</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To bear or bring forth, as a child.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To originate; to give existence to, as an enterprise, idea.</cd> -- <col>To give chase</col>, <cd>to pursue.</cd> -- <col>To give ear to</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ear</er>.</cd> -- <col>To give forth</col>, <cd>to give out; to publish; to tell. <i>Hayward</i>.</cd> -- <col>To give ground</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ground</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>To give the hand</col>, <cd>to pledge friendship or faith.</cd> -- <col>To give the hand of</col>, <cd>to espouse; to bestow in marriage.</cd> -- <col>To give the head</col>. <cd>See under <er>Head</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>To give in</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To abate; to deduct.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To declare; to make known; to announce; to tender; as, <i>to give in</i> one's adhesion to a party.</cd> -- <col>To give the lie to</col> <cd>(a person), to tell (him) that he lies.</cd> -- <col>To give line</col>. <cd>See under <er>Line</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To give off</col>, to emit, as steam, vapor, odor, etc.</cd> -- <col>To give one's self away</col>, <cd>to make an inconsiderate surrender of one's cause, an unintentional disclosure of one's purposes, or the like. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> -- <col>To give out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To utter publicly; to report; to announce or declare.</cd>

<blockquote>One that <b>gives out</b> himself Prince Florizel.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Give out</b> you are of Epidamnum.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To send out; to emit; to distribute; as, a substance <i>gives out</i> steam or odors.</cd> -- <col>To give over</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To yield completely; to quit; to abandon.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To despair of.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To addict, resign, or apply (one's self).</cd>

<blockquote>The Babylonians had <b>given</b> themselves <b>over</b> to all manner of vice.
<i>Grew.</i>

-- <col>To give place</col>, <cd>to withdraw; to yield one's claim.</cd> -- <col>To give points</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In games of skill, to equalize chances by conceding a certain advantage; to allow a handicap.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To give useful suggestions. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> -- <col>To give rein</col>. <cd>See under <er>Rein</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>To give the sack</col> <cd>. Same as <i>To give the bag</i>.</cd> -- <col>To give and take</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To average gains and losses.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To exchange freely, as blows, sarcasms, etc.</cd> -- <col>To give time</col> <sd>(Law)</sd>, <cd>to accord extension or forbearance to a debtor. <i>Abbott</i>.</cd> -- <col>To give the time of day</col>, <cd>to salute one with the compliment appropriate to the hour, as "good morning." "good evening", etc.</cd> -- <col>To give tongue</col>, <cd>in hunter's phrase, to bark; -- said of dogs.</cd> -- <col>To give up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To abandon; to surrender. "Don't <i>give up</i> the ship."</cd>

<blockquote>He has . . . <b>given up</b>
For certain drops of salt, your city Rome.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To make public; to reveal.</cd>

<blockquote>I'll not state them
By <b>giving up</b> their characters.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>(Used also reflexively.</cd>) -- <col>To give up the ghost</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ghost</er>.</cd> -- <col>To give one's self up</col>, <cd>to abandon hope; to despair; to surrender one's self.</cd> -- <col>To give way</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To withdraw; to give place.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To yield to force or pressure; as, the scaffolding <i>gave way</i>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To begin to row; or to row with increased energy.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld>. <cd>To depreciate or decline in value; as, railroad securities <i>gave way</i> two per cent.</cd> -- <col>To give way together</col>, <cd>to row in time; to keep stroke.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Give</er>, <er>Confer</er>, <er>Grant</er>.</syn> <usage> To <i>give</i> is the generic word, embracing all the rest. To <i>confer</i> was originally used of persons in power, who gave permanent grants or privileges; as, to <i>confer</i> the order of knighthood; and hence it still denotes the giving of something which might have been withheld; as, to <i>confer</i> a favor. To <i>grant</i> is to give in answer to a petition or request, or to one who is in some way dependent or inferior.</usage>

<h1>Give</h1>
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<hw>Give</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give a gift or gifts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To yield to force or pressure; to relax; to become less rigid; <as>as, the earth <ex>gives</ex> under the feet</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To become soft or moist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon .</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To move; to recede.</def>

<blockquote>Now back he <b>gives</b>, then rushes on amain.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To shed tears; to weep.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whose eyes do never <b>give</b>
But through lust and laughter.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To have a misgiving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>My mind <b>gives</b> ye're reserved
To rob poor market women.
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To open; to lead.</def> <mark>[A Gallicism]</mark>

<blockquote>This, yielding, <b>gave</b> into a grassy walk.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To give back</col>, <cd>to recede; to retire; to retreat.</cd>

<blockquote>They <b>gave back</b> and came no farther.
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To give in</col>, <cd>to yield; to succumb; to acknowledge one's self beaten; to cease opposition.</cd>

<blockquote>The Scots battalion was enforced to <b>give in</b>.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This consideration may induce a translator to <b>give in</b> to those general phrases.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To give off</col>, <cd>to cease; to forbear.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Locke</i>. -- <col>To give</col> <col>on &or; upon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To rush; to fall upon.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To have a view of; to be in sight of; to overlook; to look toward; to open upon; to front; to face.</cd> <mark>[A Gallicism: <plain>cf. Fr.</plain> donner sur.]</mark>

<blockquote>Rooms which <b>gave upon</b> a pillared porch.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The gloomy staircase <b>on</b> which the grating <b>gave</b>.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To give out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To expend all one's strength.</cd> Hence: <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To cease from exertion; to fail; to be exhausted; as, my feet being <i>to give out</i>; the flour has <i>given out</i>.</cd> -- <col>To give over</col>, <cd>to cease; to discontinue; to desist.</cd>

<blockquote>It would be well for all authors, if they knew when <b>to give over</b>, and to desist from any further pursuits after fame.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To give up</col>, <cd>to cease from effort; to yield; to despair; as, he would never <i>give up</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Given</h1>
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<hw>Giv"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p. & a.</tt> from <er>Give</er>, <tt>v.</tt></def>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Math. & Logic)</fld> <def>Granted; assumed; supposed to be known; set forth as a known quantity, relation, or premise.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disposed; inclined; -- used with an <tt>adv.</tt>; <as>as, virtuously <ex>given</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Stated; fixed; <as>as, in a <ex>given</ex> time</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Given name</col>, <cd>the Christian name, or name <i>given<i> by one's parents or guardians, as distinguished from the <i>surname<i>, which is inherited. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Giver</h1>
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<hw>Giv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gives; a donor; a bestower; a grantor; one who imparts or distributes.</def>

<blockquote>It is the <b>giver</b>, and not the gift, that engrosses the heart of the Christian.
<i>Kollock.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gives</h1>
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<hw>Gives</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Give</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Fetters.</def>

<h1>Giving</h1>
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<hw>Giv"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of bestowing as a gift; a conferring or imparting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gift; a benefaction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of softening, breaking, or yielding.</def> "Upon the first <i>giving</i> of the weather."

<i>Addison.</i>

<cs><col>Giving in</col>, <cd>a falling inwards; a collapse.</cd> -- <col>Giving out</col>, <cd>anything uttered or asserted; an outgiving.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>His <b>givings out</b> were of an infinite distance
From his true meant design.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gizzard</h1>
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<hw>Giz"zard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>g\'82sier</ets>, L. gigeria, pl., the cooked entrails of poultry. Cf. <er>Gigerium</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The second, or true, muscular stomach of birds, in which the food is crushed and ground, after being softened in the glandular stomach (crop), or lower part of the esophagus; the gigerium.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A thick muscular stomach found in many invertebrate animals.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A stomach armed with chitinous or shelly plates or teeth, as in certain insects and mollusks.</def>

<cs><col>Gizzard shad</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American herring (<spn>Dorosoma cepedianum</spn>) resembling the shad, but of little value.</cd> -- <col>To fret the gizzard</col>, <cd>to harass; to vex one's self; to worry. <mark>[Low]</mark> <i>Hudibras</i>.</cd> -- <col>To stick in one's gizzard</col>, <cd>to be difficult of digestion; to be offensive. <mark>[Low]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Glabella</h1>
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<hw>Gla*bel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Glabell<?/</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>glabellus</ets> hairless, fr. <ets>glaber</ets> bald.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The space between the eyebrows, also including the corresponding part of the frontal bone; the mesophryon.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Gla*bel"lar</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Glabellum</h1>
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<hw>Gla*bel"lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Glabella</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Glabella</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The median, convex lobe of the head of a trilobite. See <er>Trilobite</er>.</def>

<h1>Glabrate</h1>
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<hw>Gla"brate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glabrare</ets>, fr. <ets>glaber</ets> smooth.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Becoming smooth or glabrous from age.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Glabreate, Glabriate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gla"bre*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gla"bri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Glabrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To make smooth, plain, or bare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Glabrity</h1>
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<hw>Glab"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glabritas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Smoothness; baldness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Glabrous</h1>
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<hw>Gla"brous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glaber</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ hollow, smooth, <?/ to hollow.]</ety> <def>Smooth; having a surface without hairs or any unevenness.</def>

<h1>Glacial</h1>
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<hw>Gla"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glacialis</ets>, from <ets>glacies</ets> ice: cf. F. <ets>glacial</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to ice or to its action; consisting of ice; frozen; icy; esp., pertaining to glaciers; <as>as, <ex>glacial</ex> phenomena</as>.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Resembling ice; having the appearance and consistency of ice; -- said of certain solid compounds; <as>as, <ex>glacial</ex> phosphoric or acetic acids</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Glacial acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an acid of such strength or purity as to crystallize at an ordinary temperature, in an icelike form; as acetic or carbolic acid.</cd> -- <col>Glacial drift</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>earth and rocks which have been transported by moving ice, land ice, or icebergs; bowlder drift.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Glacial</col> epoch &or; <col>period</mcol> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a period during which the climate of the modern temperate regions was polar, and ice covered large portions of the northern hemisphere to the mountain tops.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Glacial</col> <col>theory &or; hypothesis</col></mcol>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Glacier theory</cref>, under <er>Glacier</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Glacialist</h1>
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<hw>Gla"cial*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who attributes the phenomena of the drift, in geology, to glaciers.</def>

<h1>Glaciate</h1>
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<hw>Gla"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glaciatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>glaciare</ets> to freeze, fr. <ets>glacies</ets> ice.]</ety> <def>To turn to ice.</def>

<h1>Glaciate</h1>
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<hw>Gla"ci*ate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To convert into, or cover with, ice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>To produce glacial effects upon, as in the scoring of rocks, transportation of loose material, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Glaciated rocks</col>, <cd>rocks whose surfaces have been smoothed, furrowed, or striated, by the action of ice.</cd></cs>

<h1>Glaciation</h1>
<Xpage=627>

<hw>Gla`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of freezing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is formed by freezing; ice.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The process of glaciating, or the state of being glaciated; the production of glacial phenomena.</def>

<h1>Glacier</h1>
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<hw>Gla"cier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>glacier</ets>, fr. <ets>glace</ets> ice, L. <ets>glacies</ets>.]</ety> <def>An immense field or stream of ice, formed in the region of perpetual snow, and moving slowly down a mountain slope or valley, as in the Alps, or over an extended area, as in Greenland.</def>

<note>&hand; The mass of compacted snow forming the upper part of a glacier is called the <i>firn</i>, or <i>n\'82v\'82</i>; the glacier proper consist of solid ice, deeply crevassed where broken up by irregularities in the slope or direction of its path. A glacier usually carries with it accumulations of stones and dirt called <i>moraines</i>, which are designated, according to their position, as <i>lateral</i>, <i>medial</i>, or <i>terminal</i> (see <er>Moraine</er>). The common rate of flow of the Alpine glaciers is from ten to twenty inches per day in summer, and about half that in winter.</note>

<cs><col>Glacier theory</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the theory that large parts of the frigid and temperate zones were covered with ice during the <i>glacial<i>, or <i>ice<i>, <i>period<i>, and that, by the agency of this ice, the loose materials on the earth's surface, called <i>drift<i> or <i>diluvium<i>, were transported and accumulated.</cd></cs>

<h1>Glacious</h1>
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<hw>Gla"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, consisting of or resembling, ice; icy.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Glacis</h1>
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<hw>Gla"cis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>glacis</ets>; -- so named from its smoothness. See <er>Glacier</er>.]</ety> <def>A gentle slope, or a smooth, gently sloping bank; especially <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, that slope of earth which inclines from the covered way toward the exterior ground or country (see <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Ravelin</er>).</def>

<hr>
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Page 628<p>

<h1>Glad</h1>
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<hw>Glad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Gladder</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Gladdest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>gl\'91d</ets> bright, glad; akin to D. <ets>glad</ets> smooth, G. <ets>glatt</ets>, OHG. <ets>glat</ets> smooth, shining, Icel. <ets>gla<?/r</ets> glad, bright, Dan. & Sw. <ets>glad</ets> glad, Lith. <ets>glodas</ets> smooth, and prob. to L. <ets>glaber</ets>, and E. <ets>glide</ets>. Cf. <er>Glabrous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pleased; joyous; happy; cheerful; gratified; -- opposed to <i>sorry</i>, <i>sorrowful</i>, or <i>unhappy</i>; -- said of persons, and often followed by <i>of</i>, <i>at</i>, <i>that</i>, or by the infinitive, and sometimes by <i>with</i>, introducing the cause or reason.</def>

<blockquote>A wise son maketh a <b>glad</b> father.
<i>Prov. x. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He that is <b>glad</b> at calamities shall not be unpunished.
<i>Prov. xvii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Trojan, <b>glad</b> with sight of hostile blood.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He, <b>glad</b> of her attention gained.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As we are now <b>glad</b> to behold your eyes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Glad</b> am I that your highness is so armed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Glad on 't</col>, <cd>glad of it. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> <i>Shak.</i></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wearing a gay or bright appearance; expressing or exciting joy; producing gladness; exhilarating.</def>

<blockquote>Her conversation
More <b>glad</b> to me than to a miser money is.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Glad</b> evening and <b>glad</b> morn crowned the fourth day.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Pleased; gratified; exhilarated; animated; delighted; happy; cheerful; joyous; joyful; cheering; exhilarating; pleasing; animating.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Glad</er>, <er>Delighted</er>, <er>Gratified</er>. <i>Delighted</i> expresses a much higher degree of pleasure than <i>glad</i>. <i>Gratified</i> always refers to a pleasure conferred by some human agent, and the feeling is modified by the consideration that we owe it in part to another. A person may be <i>glad</i> or <i>delighted</i> to see a friend, and <i>gratified</i> at the attention shown by his visits.</usage>

<h1>Glad</h1>
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<hw>Glad</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gladded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gladding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>gladian</ets>. See <er>Glad</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Gladden</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To make glad; to cheer; to gladden; to exhilarate.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>That which <b>gladded</b> all the warrior train.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Each drinks the juice that <b>glads</b> the heart of man.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glad</h1>
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<hw>Glad</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be glad; to rejoice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Gladden</h1>
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<hw>Glad"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gladdened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gladdening</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Glad</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To make glad; to cheer; to please; to gratify; to rejoice; to exhilarate.</def>

<blockquote>A secret pleasure <b>gladdened</b> all that saw him.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gladden</h1>
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<hw>Glad"den</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be or become glad; to rejoice.</def>

<blockquote>The vast Pacific <b>gladdens</b> with the freight.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gladder</h1>
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<hw>Glad"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes glad.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Glade</h1>
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<hw>Glade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. of Scand. origin, and akin to <ets>glad</ets>, a.; cf. also W. <ets>golead</ets>, <ets>goleuad</ets>, a lighting, illumination, fr. <ets>goleu</ets> light, clear, bright, <ets>goleu fwlch</ets> glade, lit., a light or clear defile.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An open passage through a wood; a grassy open or cleared space in a forest.</def>

<blockquote>There interspersed in lawns and opening <b>glades</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An everglade.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An opening in the ice of rivers or lakes, or a place left unfrozen; also, smooth ice.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Bottom glade</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bottom</er>.</cd> -- <col>Glade net</col>, <cd>in England, a net used for catching woodcock and other birds in forest glades.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gladen</h1>
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<hw>Gla"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gl\'91dene</ets>, cf. L. <ets>gladius</ets> a sword. Cf. <er>Gladiole</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Sword grass; any plant with sword-shaped leaves, esp. the European <spn>Iris f\'d2tidissima</spn>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gladwyn</asp>, <asp>gladdon</asp>, and <asp>glader</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Gladeye</h1>
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<hw>Glad"eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European yellow-hammer.</def>

<h1>Gladful</h1>
<Xpage=628>

<hw>Glad"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of gladness; joyful; glad.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Glad"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>It followed him with <b>gladful</b> glee.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gladiate</h1>
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<hw>Glad"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gladius</ets> sword.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Sword-shaped; resembling a sword in form, as the leaf of the iris, or of the gladiolus.</def>

<h1>Gladiator</h1>
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<hw>Glad"i*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>gladius</ets> sword. See <er>Glaive</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, a swordplayer; hence, one who fought with weapons in public, either on the occasion of a funeral ceremony, or in the arena, for public amusement.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who engages in any fierce combat or controversy.</def>

<h1>Gladiatorial, Gladiatorian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Glad`i*a*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Glad`i*a*to"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to gladiators, or to contests or combatants in general.</def>

<h1>Gladiatorism</h1>
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<hw>Glad"i*a`tor*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or practice of a gladiator.</def>

<h1>Gladiatorship</h1>
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<hw>Glad"i*a`tor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Conduct, state, or art, of a gladiator.</def>

<h1>Gladiatory</h1>
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<hw>Glad"i*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gladiatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gladiatorial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Gladiature</h1>
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<hw>Glad"i*a*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gladiatura</ets>.]</ety> <def>Swordplay; fencing; gladiatorial contest.</def>

<i>Gayton.</i>

<h1>Gladiole</h1>
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<hw>Glad"i*ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gladiolus</ets> a small sword, the sword lily, dim. of <ets>gladius</ets> sword. See <er>Glaive</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A lilylike plant, of the genus <spn>Gladiolus</spn>; -- called also <altname>corn flag</altname>.</def>

<h1>Gladiolus</h1>
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<hw>Gla*di"o*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Gladioli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Gladioluses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Gladiole</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants having bulbous roots and gladiate leaves, and including many species, some of which are cultivated and valued for the beauty of their flowers; the corn flag; the sword lily.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The middle portion of the sternum in some animals; the mesosternum.</def>

<h1>Gladius</h1>
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<hw>Gla"di*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gladii</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a sword.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The internal shell, or pen, of cephalopods like the squids.</def>

<h1>Gladly</h1>
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<hw>Glad"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Glad</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Preferably; by choice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With pleasure; joyfully; cheerfully; eagerly.</def>

<blockquote>The common people heard him <b>gladly</b>.
<i>Mark xii. 37.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gladness</h1>
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<hw>Glad"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gl\'91dnes</ets>.]</ety> <def>State or quality of being glad; pleasure; joyful satisfaction; cheerfulness.</def>

<blockquote>They . . . did eat their meat with <b>gladness</b> and singleness of heart.
<i>Acts ii. 46.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Gladness</i> is rarely or never equivalent to <i>mirth</i>, <i>merriment</i>, <i>gayety</i>, and <i>triumph</i>, and it usually expresses less than <i>delight</i>. It sometimes expresses great joy.</note>

<blockquote>The Jews had joy and <b>gladness</b>, a feast and a good day.
<i>Esther viii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gladship</h1>
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<hw>Glad"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gl\'91dscipe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A state of gladness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Gladsome</h1>
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<hw>Glad"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pleased; joyful; cheerful.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing joy, pleasure, or cheerfulness; having the appearance of gayety; pleasing.</def>

<blockquote>Of opening heaven they sung, and <b>gladsome</b> day.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Glad"some*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Glad"some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Hours of perfect <b>gladsomeness</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gladstone</h1>
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<hw>Glad"stone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after Wm. E. <ets>Gladstone</ets>.]</ety> <def>A four-wheeled pleasure carriage with two inside seats, calash top, and seats for driver and footman.</def>

<h1>Gladwyn</h1>
<Xpage=628>

<hw>Glad"wyn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gladen</er>.</def>

<h1>Glair</h1>
<Xpage=628>

<hw>Glair</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>glaire</ets>, <ets>glaire</ets> d'<?/uf, the glair of an egg, prob. fr. L. <ets>clarus</ets> clear, bright. See <er>Clear</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The white of egg. It is used as a size or a glaze in bookbinding, for pastry, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any viscous, transparent substance, resembling the white of an egg.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A broadsword fixed on a pike; a kind of halberd.</def>

<h1>Glair</h1>
<Xpage=628>

<hw>Glair</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glaired</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glairing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To smear with the white of an egg.</def>

<h1>Glaire</h1>
<Xpage=628>

<hw>Glaire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Glair</er>.</def>

<h1>Glaireous</h1>
<Xpage=628>

<hw>Glair"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Glairy; covered with glair.</def>

<h1>Glairin</h1>
<Xpage=628>

<hw>Glair"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A glairy viscous substance, which forms on the surface of certain mineral waters, or covers the sides of their inclosures; -- called also <altname>baregin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Glairy</h1>
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<hw>Glair"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like glair, or partaking of its qualities; covered with glair; viscous and transparent; slimy.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Glaive</h1>
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<hw>Glaive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>glaive</ets>, L. <ets>gladius</ets>; prob. akin to E. <ets>claymore</ets>. Cf. <er>Gladiator</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A weapon formerly used, consisting of a large blade fixed on the end of a pole, whose edge was on the outside curve; also, a light lance with a long sharp-pointed head.</def>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sword; -- used poetically and loosely.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>glaive</b> which he did wield.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glama</h1>
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<hw>Gla"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.;cf. Gr. <?/, L. <ets>gramiae</ets>, Gr. <?/ blear-eyed.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A copious gummy secretion of the humor of the eyelids, in consequence of some disorder; blearedness; lippitude.</def>

<h1>Glamour</h1>
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<hw>Gla"mour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>glamour</ets>, <ets>glamer</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>gl\'a0meggdr</ets> one who is troubled with the glaucoma (?); or Icel. <ets>gl\'bem-s<?/ni</ets> weakness of sight, glamour; <ets>gl\'bemr</ets> name of the moon, also of a ghost + <ets>s<?/ni</ets> sight akin to E. <ets>see</ets>. Perh., however, a corruption of E. <ets>gramarye</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A charm affecting the eye, making objects appear different from what they really are.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Witchcraft; magic; a spell.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of haze in the air, causing things to appear different from what they really are.</def>

<blockquote>The air filled with a strange, pale <b>glamour</b> that seemed to lie over the broad valley.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any artificial interest in, or association with, an object, through which it appears delusively magnified or glorified.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Glamour gift</col>, <col>Glamour might</col></mcol>, <cd>the gift or power of producing a glamour. The former is used figuratively, of the gift of fascination peculiar to women.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>It had much of <b>glamour might</b>
To make a lady seem a knight.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glamourie</h1>
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<hw>Glam"ou*rie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Glamour.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Glance</h1>
<Xpage=628>

<hw>Glance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>glans</ets> luster, brightness, G. <ets>glanz</ets>, Sw. <ets>glans</ets>, D. <ets>glands</ets> brightness, glimpse. Cf. <er>Gleen</er>, <er>Glint</er>, <er>Glitter</er>, and <er>Glance</er> a mineral.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden flash of light or splendor.</def>

<blockquote>Swift as the lightning <b>glance</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A quick cast of the eyes; a quick or a casual look; a swift survey; a glimpse.</def>

<blockquote>Dart not scornful <b>glances</b> from those eyes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An incidental or passing thought or allusion.</def>

<blockquote>How fleet is a <b>glance</b> of the mind.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A name given to some sulphides, mostly dark-colored, which have a brilliant metallic luster, as the sulphide of copper, called <i>copper glance</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Glance coal</col>, <cd>anthracite; a mineral composed chiefly of carbon.</cd> -- <col>Glance cobalt</col>, <cd>cobaltite, or gray cobalt.</cd> -- <col>Glance copper</col>, <cd>c<?/alcocite.</cd> -- <col>Glance wood</col>, <cd>a hard wood grown in Cuba, and used for gauging instruments, carpenters' rules, etc. <i>McElrath<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Glance</h1>
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<hw>Glance</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glanced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glancing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shoot or emit a flash of light; to shine; to flash.</def>

<blockquote>From art, from nature, from the schools,
Let random influences <b>glance</b>,
Like light in many a shivered lance,
That breaks about the dappled pools.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strike and fly off in an oblique direction; to dart aside. "Your arrow hath <i>glanced</i>".</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>On me the curse aslope
<b>Glanced</b> on the ground.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To look with a sudden, rapid cast of the eye; to snatch a momentary or hasty view.</def>

<blockquote>The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling,
Doth <b>glance</b> from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make an incidental or passing reflection; to allude; to hint; -- often with <i>at</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Wherein obscurely
C\'91sar\'b6s ambition shall be <b>glanced</b> at.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>glanced</b> at a certain reverend doctor.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To move quickly, appearing and disappearing rapidly; to be visible only for an instant at a time; to move interruptedly; to twinkle.</def>

<blockquote>And all along the forum and up the sacred seat,
His vulture eye pursued the trip of those small <b>glancing</b> feet.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glance</h1>
<Xpage=628>

<hw>Glance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shoot or dart suddenly or obliquely; to cast for a moment; <as>as, to <ex>glance</ex> the eye</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hint at; to touch lightly or briefly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In company I often <b>glanced</b> it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glancing</h1>
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<hw>Glan"cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Shooting, as light.</def>

<blockquote>When through the <b>gancing</b> lightnings fly.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Flying off (after striking) in an oblique direction; <as>as, a <ex>glancing</ex> shot</as>.</def>

<h1>Glancingly</h1>
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<hw>Glan"cing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a glancing manner; transiently; incidentally; indirectly.</def>

<i>Hakewill.</i>

<h1>Gland</h1>
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<hw>Gland</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>glande</ets>, L. <ets>glans</ets>, <ets>glandis</ets>, acorn; akin to Gr. <?/ for <?/, and <?/ to cast, throw, the acorn being the dropped fruit. Cf. <er>Parable</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An organ for secreting something to be used in, or eliminated from, the body; <as>as, the sebaceous <ex>glands</ex> of the skin; the salivary <ex>glands</ex> of the mouth.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An organ or part which resembles a secreting, or true, gland, as the ductless, lymphatic, pineal, and pituitary <i>glands</i>, the functions of which are very imperfectly known.</def>

<note>&hand; The true secreting glands are, in principle, narrow pouches of the mucous membranes, or of the integument, lined with a continuation of the epithelium, or of the epidermis, the cells of which produce the secretion from the blood. In the larger glands, the pouches are tubular, greatly elongated, and coiled, as in the sweat glands, or subdivided and branched, making compound and racemose glands, such as the pancreas.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A special organ of plants, usually minute and globular, which often secretes some kind of resinous, gummy, or aromatic product.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any very small prominence.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Steam Mach.)</fld> <def>The movable part of a stuffing box by which the packing is compressed; -- sometimes called a <i>follower</i>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <cref>Stuffing box</cref>, under <er>Stuffing</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The crosspiece of a bayonet clutch.</def>

<h1>Glandage</h1>
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<hw>Glan"dage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>glandage</ets>. See <er>Gland</er>.]</ety> <def>A feeding on nuts or mast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Glandered</h1>
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<hw>Glan"dered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with glanders; <as>as, a <ex>glandered</ex> horse</as>.</def>

<i>Yu<?/att.</i>

<h1>Glanderous</h1>
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<hw>Glan"der*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to glanders; of the nature of glanders.</def>

<i>Youatt.</i>

<h1>Glanders</h1>
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<hw>Glan"ders</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Gland</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A highly contagious and very destructive disease of horses, asses, mules, etc., characterized by a constant discharge of sticky matter from the nose, and an enlargement and induration of the glands beneath and within the lower jaw. It may transmitted to dogs, goats, sheep, and to human beings.</def>

<h1>Glandiferous</h1>
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<hw>Glan*dif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glandifer</ets>; <ets>glans</ets>, <ets>glandis</ets>, acorn + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear; cf. F. <ets>glandif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing acorns or other nuts; <as>as, <ex>glandiferous</ex> trees</as>.</def>

<h1>Glandiform</h1>
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<hw>Gland"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glans</ets>, <ets>glandis</ets>, acorn + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>glandiforme</ets> .]</ety> <def>Having the form of a gland or nut; resembling a gland.</def>

<h1>Glandular</h1>
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<hw>Glan"du*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>glandulaire</ets>. See <er>Glandule</er>.]</ety> <def>Containing or supporting glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to glands.</def>

<h1>Glandulation</h1>
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<hw>Glan`du*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>glandulation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The situation and structure of the secretory vessels in plants.</def>

<i>Martyn.</i>

<blockquote><b>Glandulation</b> respects the secretory vessels, which are either glandules, follicles, or utricles.
<i>J. Lee.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glandule</h1>
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<hw>Glan"dule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glandula</ets>, dim. of <ets>glans</ets>, <ets>glandis</ets>, acorn: cf. F. <ets>glandule</ets>. See <er>Gland</er>.]</ety> <def>A small gland or secreting vessel.</def>

<h1>Glanduliferous</h1>
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<hw>Glan`du*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glandula</ets> gland + <ets>-ferous</ets>; cf. F. <ets>glandulif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing glandules.</def>

<h1>Glandulose</h1>
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<hw>Glan"du*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Glandulous</er>.</def>

<h1>Glandulosity</h1>
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<hw>Glan`du*los"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being glandulous; a collection of glands.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Glandulous</h1>
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<hw>Glan"du*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glandulosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>glanduleux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to glands; resembling glands.</def>

<h1>Glans</h1>
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<hw>Glans</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Glandes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Gland</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The vascular body which forms the apex of the penis, and the extremity of the clitoris.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The acorn or mast of the oak and similar fruits.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Goiter.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A pessary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Glare</h1>
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<hw>Glare</hw> <tt>(gl&acir;r)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glared</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glaring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>glaren</ets>, <ets>gloren</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>gl\'91r</ets> amber, LG. <ets>glaren</ets> to glow or burn like coals, D. <ets>gloren</ets> to glimmer; prob. akin to E. <ets>glass</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To shine with a bright, dazzling light.</def>

<blockquote>The cavern glares with new-admitted light.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To look with fierce, piercing eyes; to stare earnestly, angrily, or fiercely.</def>

<blockquote>And eye that scorcheth all it <b>glares</b> upon.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be bright and intense, as certain colors; to be ostentatiously splendid or gay.</def>

<blockquote>She <b>glares</b> in balls, front boxes, and the ring.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glare</h1>
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<hw>Glare</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shoot out, or emit, as a dazzling light.</def>

<blockquote>Every eye
<b>Glared</b> lightning, and shot forth pernicious fire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glare</h1>
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<hw>Glare</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bright, dazzling light; splendor that dazzles the eyes; a confusing and bewildering light.</def>

<blockquote>The frame of burnished steel that cast a <b>glare</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fierce, piercing look or stare.</def>

<blockquote>About them round,
A lion now he stalks with fiery <b>glare</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A viscous, transparent substance. See <er>Glair</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A smooth, bright, glassy surface; <as>as, a <ex>glare</ex> of ice</as>.</def> <mark>[U. S. ]</mark>

<h1>Glare</h1>
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<hw>Glare</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Glary</er>, and <er>Glare</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Smooth and bright or translucent; -- used almost exclusively of ice; <as>as, skating on <ex>glare</ex> ice</as>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark><-- used generally of reflections of the sun -->

<hr>
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<h1>Glareous</h1>
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<hw>Glar"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>glaireux</ets>. See <er>Glair</er>.]</ety> <def>Glairy.</def>

<i>John Georgy (1766).</i>

<h1>Glariness, Glaringness</h1>
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<hw><hw>Glar"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Glar"ing*ness</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dazzling luster or brilliancy.</def>

<h1>Glaring</h1>
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<hw>Glar"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Clear; notorious; open and bold; barefaced; <as>as, a <ex>glaring</ex> crime</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Glar"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Glary</h1>
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<hw>Glar"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a dazzling luster; glaring; bright; shining; smooth.</def>

<blockquote>Bright, crystal glass is <b>glary</b>.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glass</h1>
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<hw>Glass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>glas</ets>, <ets>gles</ets>, AS. <ets>gl\'91s</ets>; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. <ets>glas</ets>, Icel. <ets>glas</ets>, <ets>gler</ets>, Dan. <ets>glar</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>gl\'91r</ets> amber, L. <ets>glaesum</ets>. Cf. <er>Glare</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Glaze</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A hard, brittle, translucent, and commonly transparent substance, white or colored, having a conchoidal fracture, and made by fusing together sand or silica with lime, potash, soda, or lead oxide. It is used for window panes and mirrors, for articles of table and culinary use, for lenses, and various articles of ornament.</def>

<note>&hand; Glass is variously colored by the metallic oxides; thus, manganese colors it violet; copper (cuprous), red, or (cupric) green; cobalt, blue; uranium, yellowish green or canary yellow; iron, green or brown; gold, purple or red; tin, opaque white; chromium, emerald green; antimony, yellow.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any substance having a peculiar glassy appearance, and a conchoidal fracture, and usually produced by fusion.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything made of glass</def>. Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A looking-glass; a mirror</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A vessel filled with running sand for measuring time; an hourglass; and hence, the time in which such a vessel is exhausted of its sand</def>.

<blockquote>She would not live
The running of one <b>glass</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A drinking vessel; a tumbler; a goblet; hence, the contents of such a vessel; especially; spirituous liquors; as, he took a <i>glass</i> at dinner</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>An optical glass; a lens; a spyglass; -- in the plural, spectacles; as, a pair of <i>glasses</i>; he wears <i>glasses</i></def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A weatherglass; a barometer</def>.

<note>&hand; <i>Glass</i> is much used adjectively or in combination; as, <i>glass</i> maker, or <i>glass</i>maker; <i>glass</i> making or <i>glass</i>making; <i>glass</i> blower or <i>glass</i>blower, etc.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Bohemian glass</col>, <col>Cut glass</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Bohemian</er>, <er>Cut</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Crown glass</col>, <cd>a variety of glass, used for making the finest plate or window glass, and consisting essentially of silicate of soda or potash and lime, with no admixture of lead; the convex half of an achromatic lens is composed of crown glass; -- so called from a crownlike shape given it in the process of blowing.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Crystal glass</col>, &or; <col>Flint glass</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Flint glass</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Cylinder glass</col>, <cd>sheet glass made by blowing the glass in the form of a cylinder which is then split longitudinally, opened out, and flattened.</cd> -- <col>Glass of antimony</col>, <cd>a vitreous oxide of antimony mixed with sulphide.</cd> -- <col>Glass blower</col>, <cd>one whose occupation is to blow and fashion glass.</cd> -- <col>Glass blowing</col>, <cd>the art of shaping glass, when reduced by heat to a viscid state, by inflating it through a tube.</cd> -- <col>Glass cloth</col>, <cd>a woven fabric formed of glass fibers.</cd> -- <col>Glass coach</col>, <cd>a coach superior to a hackney-coach, hired for the day, or any short period, as a private carriage; -- so called because originally private carriages alone had glass windows. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd> <i>Smart.</i>

<blockquote><b>Glass coaches</b> are [allowed in English parks from which ordinary hacks are excluded], meaning by this term, which is never used in America, hired carriages that do not go on stands.
<i>J. F. Cooper.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Glass cutter</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>One who cuts sheets of glass into sizes for window panes, ets.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>One who shapes the surface of glass by grinding and polishing.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A tool, usually with a diamond at the point, for cutting glass.</cd> -- <col>Glass cutting</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The act or process of dividing glass, as sheets of glass into panes with a diamond.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The act or process of shaping the surface of glass by appylying it to revolving wheels, upon which sand, emery, and, afterwards, polishing powder, are applied; especially of glass which is shaped into facets, tooth ornaments, and the like. Glass having ornamental scrolls, etc., cut upon it, is said to be <i>engraved</i>.</cd> -- <col>Glass metal</col>, <cd>the fused material for making glass.</cd> -- <col>Glass painting</col>, <cd>the art or process of producing decorative effects in glass by painting it with enamel colors and combining the pieces together with slender sash bars of lead or other metal. In common parlance, <i>glass painting</i> and <i>glass staining</i> (see <cref>Glass staining</cref>, below) are used indifferently for all colored decorative work in windows, and the like.</cd> -- <col>Glass paper</col>, <cd>paper faced with pulvirezed glass, and used for abrasive purposes.</cd> -- <col>Glass silk</col>, <cd>fine threads of glass, wound, when in fusion, on rapidly rotating heated cylinders.</cd> -- <col>Glass silvering</col>, <cd>the process of transforming plate glass into mirrors by coating it with a reflecting surface, a deposit of silver, or a mercury amalgam.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Glass soap</col>, &or; <col>Glassmaker's soap</col></mcol>, <cd>the black oxide of manganese or other substances used by glass makers to take away color from the materials for glass.</cd> -- <col>Glass staining</col>, <cd>the art or practice of coloring glass in its whole substance, or, in the case of certain colors, in a superficial film only; also, decorative work in glass. Cf. <i>Glass painting</i>.</cd> -- <col>Glass tears</col>. <cd>See <er>Rupert's drop</er>.</cd> -- <col>Glass works</col>, <cd>an establishment where glass is made.</cd> -- <col>Heavy glass</col>, <cd>a heavy optical glass, consisting essentially of a borosilicate of potash.</cd> -- <col>Millefiore glass</col>. <cd>See <er>Millefiore</er>.</cd> -- <col>Plate glass</col>, <cd>a fine kind of glass, cast in thick plates, and flattened by heavy rollers, -- used for mirrors and the best windows.</cd> -- <col>Pressed glass</col>, <cd>glass articles formed in molds by pressure when hot.</cd> -- <col>Soluble glass</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a silicate of sodium or potassium, found in commerce as a white, glassy mass, a stony powder, or dissolved as a viscous, sirupy liquid; -- used for rendering fabrics incombustible, for hardening artificial stone, etc.; -- called also <altname>water glass</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Spun glass</col>, <cd>glass drawn into a thread while liquid.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Toughened glass</col>, <col>Tempered glass</col></mcol>, <cd>glass finely tempered or annealed, by a peculiar method of sudden cooling by plunging while hot into oil, melted wax, or paraffine, etc.; -- called also, from the name of the inventor of the process, <altname>Bastie glass</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Water glass</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Soluble glass</cref>, above.</cd> -- <col>Window glass</col>, <cd>glass in panes suitable for windows.</cd></cs>

<h1>Glass</h1>
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<hw>Glass</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glassed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glassing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reflect, as in a mirror; to mirror; -- used reflexively.</def>

<blockquote>Happy to <b>glass</b> themselves in such a mirror.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where the Almighty's form <b>glasses</b> itself in tempests.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To case in glass.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cover or furnish with glass; to glaze.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To smooth or polish anything, as leater, by rubbing it with a glass burnisher.</def>

<h1>Glass-crab</h1>
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<hw>Glass"-crab`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larval state (<spn>Phyllosoma</spn>) of the genus <spn>Palinurus</spn> and allied genera. It is remarkable for its strange outlines, thinness, and transparency. See <er>Phyllosoma</er>.</def>

<h1>Glassen</h1>
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<hw>Glass"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Glassy; glazed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And pursues the dice with <b>glassen</b> eyes.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glasseye</h1>
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<hw>Glass"eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the great lakes; the wall-eyed pike.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A species of blindness in horses in which the eye is bright and the pupil dilated; a sort of amaurosis.</def>

<i>Youatt.</i>

<h1>Glass-faced</h1>
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<hw>Glass"-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mirror-faced; reflecting the sentiments of another.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>glass-faced</i> flatterer."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Glassful</h1>
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<hw>Glass"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Glassfuls</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The contents of a glass; as much of anything as a glass will hold.</def>

<h1>Glassful</h1>
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<hw>Glass"ful</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Glassy; shining like glass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Minerva's <i>glassful</i> shield."

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Glass-gazing</h1>
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<hw>Glass"-gaz`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Given to viewing one's self in a glass or mirror; finical.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Glasshouse</h1>
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<hw>Glass"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house where glass is made; a commercial house that deals in glassware.</def>

<h1>Glassily</h1>
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<hw>Glass"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to resemble glass.</def>

<h1>Glassiness</h1>
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<hw>Glass"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being glassy.</def>

<h1>Glassite</h1>
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<hw>Glass"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A member of a Scottish sect, founded in the 18th century by John <i>Glass</i>, a minister of the Established Church of Scotland, who taught that justifying faith is "no more than a simple assent to the divine testimone passively recived by the understanding." The English and American adherents of this faith are called <i>Sandemanians</i>, after Robert <i>Sandeman</i>, the son-in-law and disciple of Glass.</def>

<mhw><h1>Glass maker, &or; Glassmaker</h1>
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<hw>Glass" mak`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Glass"mak`er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes, or manufactures, glass.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Glass" mak`ing</wf>, &or; <wf>Glass"mak`ing</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Glass-rope</h1>
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<hw>Glass"-rope`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A remarkable vitreous sponge, of the genus <spn>Hyalonema</spn>, first brought from Japan. It has a long stem, consisting of a bundle of long and large, glassy, siliceous fibers, twisted together.</def>

<h1>Glass-snail</h1>
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<hw>Glass"-snail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, transparent, land snail, of the genus <spn>Vitrina</spn>.</def>

<h1>Glass-snake</h1>
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<hw>Glass"-snake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A long, footless lizard (<spn>Ophiosaurus ventralis</spn>), of the Southern United States; -- so called from its fragility, the tail easily breaking into small pieces. It grows to the length of three feet. The name is applied also to similar species found in the Old World.</def>

<h1>Glass-sponge</h1>
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<hw>Glass"-sponge`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A siliceous sponge, of the genus <spn>Hyalonema</spn>, and allied genera; -- so called from their glassy fibers or spicules; -- called also <altname>vitreous sponge</altname>. See <er>Glass-rope</er>, and <er>Euplectella</er>.</def>

<h1>Glassware</h1>
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<hw>Glass"ware</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ware, or articles collectively, made of glass.</def>

<h1>Glasswork</h1>
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<hw>Glass"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Manufacture of glass; articles or ornamentation made of glass.</def>

<h1>Glasswort</h1>
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<hw>Glass"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A seashore plant of the Spinach family (<spn>Salicornia herbacea</spn>), with succulent jointed stems; also, a prickly plant of the same family (<spn>Salsola Kali</spn>), both formerly burned for the sake of the ashes, which yield soda for making glass and soap.</def>

<h1>Glassy</h1>
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<hw>Glass"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made of glass; vitreous; <as>as, a <ex>glassy</ex> substance</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling glass in its properties, as in smoothness, brittleness, or transparency; <as>as, a <ex>glassy</ex> stream; a <ex>glassy</ex> surface; the <ex>glassy</ex> deep.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Dull; wanting life or fire; lackluster; -- said of the eyes.</def> "In his <i>glassy</i> eye."

<i>Byron.</i>

<cs><col>Glassy feldspar</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of orthoclase; sanidine.</cd></cs>

<h1>Glasstonbury thorn</h1>
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<hw>Glass"ton*bur*y thorn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A variety of the common hawthorn.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<h1>Glasynge</h1>
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<hw>Glas"ynge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Glazing or glass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Glauberite</h1>
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<hw>Glau"ber*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Glauber</ets>, a German chemist, died 1668: cf. F. <ets>glaub\'82rite</ets>, G. <ets>glauberit</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral, consisting of the sulphates of soda and lime.</def>

<mhw><h1>Glauber's salt &or; Glauber's salts</h1>
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<hw>Glau"ber's salt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> &or; <hw>Glau"ber's salts`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>. <ety>[G. <ets>glaubersalz</ets>, from <ets>Glauber</ets>, a German chemist who discovered it. See <er>Glauberite</er>.]</ety> <def>Sulphate of soda, a well-known cathartic. It is a white crystalline substance, with a cooling, slightly bitter taste, and is commonly called "<i>salts</i>."</def>

<note>&hand; It occurs naturally and abundantly in some mineral springs, and in many salt deposits, as the mineral <i>mirabilite</i>. It is manufactured in large quantities as an intermediate step in the "soda process," and also for use in glass making.</note>

<h1>Glaucescent</h1>
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<hw>Glau*ces"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Glaucous</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a somewhat glaucous appearance or nature; becoming glaucous.</def>

<h1>Glaucic</h1>
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<hw>Glau"cic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the <i>Glaucium</i> or horned poppy; -- formerly applied to an acid derived from it, now known to be fumaric acid.</def>

<h1>Glaucine</h1>
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<hw>Glau"cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Glaucous or glaucescent.</def>

<h1>Glaucine</h1>
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<hw>Glau"cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid obtained from the plant <i>Glaucium</i>, as a bitter, white, crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Glaucodot</h1>
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<hw>Glau"co*dot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ silvery, gray + <?/ to give.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A metallic mineral having a grayish tin-white color, and containing cobalt and iron, with sulphur and arsenic.</def>

<h1>Glaucoma</h1>
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<hw>Glau*co"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ light gray, blue gray.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Dimness or abolition of sight, with a diminution of transparency, a bluish or greenish tinge of the refracting media of the eye, and a hard inelastic condition of the eyeball, with marked increase of tension within the eyeball.</def>

<h1>Glaucomatous</h1>
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<hw>Glau*co"ma*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the nature of glaucoma.</def>

<h1>Glaucometer</h1>
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<hw>Glau*com"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gleucometer</er>.</def>

<h1>Glauconite</h1>
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<hw>Glau"co*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>glauconite</ets>, <ets>glauconie</ets>, fr. L. <ets>glaucus</ets>. See <er>Glaucous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The green mineral characteristic of the greensand of the chalk and other formations. It is a hydrous silicate of iron and potash. See <er>Greensand</er>.</def>

<h1>Glaucophane</h1>
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<hw>Glau"co*phane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ silvery, gray + <?/ to appear.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a dark bluish color, related to amphibole. It is characteristic of certain crystalline rocks.</def>

<h1>Glaucosis</h1>
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<hw>Glau*co"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Glaucoma</er>.</def>

<h1>Glaucous</h1>
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<hw>Glau"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glaucus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of a sea-green color; of a dull green passing into grayish blue.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Covered with a fine bloom or fine white powder easily rubbed off, as that on a blue plum, or on a cabbage leaf.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Glaucus</h1>
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<hw>Glau"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., sea green.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of nudibranchiate mollusks, found in the warmer latitudes, swimming in the open sea. These mollusks are beautifully colored with blue and silvery white.</def>

<h1>Glaum</h1>
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<hw>Glaum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>To grope with the hands, as in the dark.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<cs><col>To glaum at</col>, <cd>to grasp or snatch at; to aspire to.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Wha <b>glaum'd at</b> kingdoms three.
<i>Burns.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glave</h1>
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<hw>Glave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Glaive</er>.</def>

<h1>Glaver</h1>
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<hw>Glav"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Of Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets>glafr</ets> flattery.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To prate; to jabber; to babble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Here many, clepid filosophirs, <b>glavern</b> diversely.
<i>Wyclif.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To flatter; to wheedle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some slavish, <b>glavering</b>, flattering parasite.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glaverer</h1>
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<hw>Glav"er*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flatterer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mir. for Mag.</i>

<h1>Glaymore</h1>
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<hw>Glay"more`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A claymore.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Glase</h1>
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<hw>Glase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glased</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glazing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>glasen</ets>, <ets>glazen</ets>, fr. <ets>glas</ets>. See <er>Glass</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish (a window, a house, a sash, a ease, etc.) with glass.</def>

<blockquote>Two cabinets daintily paved, richly handed, and <b>glazed</b> with crystalline glass.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To incrust, cover, or overlay with a thin surface, consisting of, or resembling, glass; <as>as, to <ex>glaze</ex> earthenware</as>; hence, to render smooth, glasslike, or glossy; <as>as, to <ex>glaze</ex> paper, gunpowder, and the like</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sorrow's eye <b>glazed</b> with blinding tears.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>To apply thinly a transparent or semitransparent color to (another color), to modify the effect.</def>

<h1>Glaze</h1>
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<hw>Glaze</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become glazed of glassy.</def>

<h1>Glaze</h1>
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<hw>Glaze</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The vitreous coating of pottery or porcelain; anything used as a coating or color in glazing. See <er>Glaze</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 3.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Broth reduced by boiling to a gelatinous paste, and spread thinly over braised dishes.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A glazing oven. See <er>Glost oven</er>.</def>

<h1>Glazen</h1>
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<hw>Glaz"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gl\'91sen</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling glass; glasslike; glazed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Glazer</h1>
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<hw>Glaz"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who applies glazing, as in pottery manufacture, etc.; one who gives a glasslike or glossy surface to anything; a calenderer or smoother of cloth, paper, and the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tool or machine used in glazing, polishing, smoothing, etc.; amoung cutlers and lapidaries, a wooden wheel covered with emery, or having a band of lead and tin alloy, for polishing cutlery, etc.</def>

<h1>Glazier</h1>
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<hw>Gla"zier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Glaze</er>.]</ety> <def>One whose business is to set glass.</def>

<cs><col>Glazier's diamond</col>. <cd>See under <er>Diamond</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Glazing</h1>
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<hw>Glaz"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or art of setting glass; the art of covering with a vitreous or glasslike substance, or of polishing or rendering glossy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The glass set, or to be set, in a sash, frame. etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The glass, glasslike, or glossy substance with which any surface is incrusted or overlaid; <as>as, the <ex>glazing</ex> of pottery or porcelain, or of paper</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Transparent, or semitransparent, colors passed thinly over other colors, to modify the effect.</def>

<h1>Glazy</h1>
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<hw>Glaz"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a glazed appearance; -- said of the fractured surface of some kinds of pin iron.</def>

<h1>Glead</h1>
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<hw>Glead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A live coal. See <er>Gleed</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Gleam</h1>
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<hw>Gleam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>glem</ets> birdlime, glue, phlegm, and E. <ets>englaimed</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>To disgorge filth, as a hawk.</def>

<h1>Gleam</h1>
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<hw>Gleam</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>glem</ets>, <ets>gleam</ets>, AS. <ets>gl\'91m</ets>, prob. akin to E. <ets>glimmer</ets>, and perh. to Gr. <?/ warm, <?/ to warm. Cf. <er>Glitter</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A shoot of light; a small stream of light; a beam; a ray; a glimpse.</def>

<blockquote>Transient unexpected <b>gleams</b> of joi.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>At last a <b>gleam</b>
Of dawning light turned thitherward in haste
His [Satan's] traveled steps.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A glimmer, and then a <b>gleam</b> of light.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Brightness; splendor.</def>

<blockquote>In the clear azure <b>gleam</b> the flocks are seen.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gleam</h1>
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<hw>Gleam</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gleamed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gleaming</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shoot, or dart, as rays of light; <as>as, at the dawn, light <ex>gleams</ex> in the east</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To shine; to cast light; to glitter.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Gleam</er>, <er>Glimmer</er>, <er>Glitter</er>.</syn> <usage> To <i>gleam</i> denotes a faint but distinct emission of light. To <i>glimmer</i> describes an indistinct and unsteady giving of light. To <i>glitter</i> imports a brightness that is intense, but varying. The morning light <i>gleams</i> upon the earth; a distant taper <i>glimmers</i> through the mist; a dewdrop <i>glitters</i> in the sun. See <er>Flash</er>.</usage>

<h1>Gleam</h1>
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<hw>Gleam</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shoot out (flashes of light, etc.).</def>

<blockquote>Dying eyes <b>gleamed</b> forth their ashy lights.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gleamy</h1>
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<hw>Gleam"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Darting beams of light; casting light in rays; flashing; coruscating.</def>

<blockquote>In brazed arms, that cast a <b>gleamy</b> ray,
Swift through the town the warrior bends his way.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="630">
Page 630<p>

<h1>Glean</h1>
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<hw>Glean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gleaned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gleaning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>glenen</ets>, OF. <ets>glener</ets>, <ets>glaner</ets>, F. <ets>glaner</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>glenare</ets>; cf. W. <ets>glan</ets> clean, <ets>glanh<?/u</ets> to clean, purify, or AS. <ets>gelm</ets>, <ets>gilm</ets>, a hand<?/ul.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To gather after a reaper; to collect in scattered or fragmentary parcels, as the grain left by a reaper, or grapes left after the gathering.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>glean</b> the broken ears after the man
That the main harvest reaps.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To gather from (a field or vineyard) what is left.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To collect with patient and minute labor; to pick out; to obtain.</def>

<blockquote>Content to <b>glean</b> what we can from . . . experiments.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glean</h1>
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<hw>Glean</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To gather stalks or ears of grain left by reapers.</def>

<blockquote>And she went, and came, and <b>gleaned</b> in the field after the reapers.
<i>Ruth ii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pick up or gather anything by degrees.</def>

<blockquote>Piecemeal they this acre first, then that;
<b>Glean</b> on, and gather up the whole estate.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glean</h1>
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<hw>Glean</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A collection made by gleaning.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>gleans</b> of yellow thyme distend his thighs.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glean</h1>
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<hw>Glean</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cleaning; afterbirth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Gleaner</h1>
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<hw>Glean"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who gathers after reapers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who gathers slowly with labor.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Gleaning</h1>
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<hw>Glean"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of gathering after reapers; that which is collected by gleaning.</def>

<blockquote><b>Glenings</b> of natural knowledge.
<i>Cook.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glebe</h1>
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<hw>Glebe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gl\'8abe</ets>, L. <ets>gleba</ets>, <ets>glaeba</ets>, clod, land, soil.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A lump; a clod.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Turf; soil; ground; sod.</def>

<blockquote>Fertile of corn the <b>glebe</b>, of oil, and wine.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>The land belonging, or yielding revenue, to a parish church or ecclesiastical benefice.</def>

<h1>Glebeless</h1>
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<hw>Glebe"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no glebe.</def>

<h1>Glebosity</h1>
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<hw>Gle*bos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being glebous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Glebous, Gleby</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gleb"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gleb"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>glaebosus</ets> cloddy.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the glebe; turfy; cloddy; fertile; fruitful.</def> "<i>Gleby</i> land."

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Glede</h1>
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<hw>Glede</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>glida</ets>, akin to Icel. <ets>gle<?/a</ets>,, Sw. <ets>glada</ets>. Cf. <er>Glide</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common European kite (<spn>Milvus ictinus</spn>). This name is also sometimes applied to the buzzard.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>glead</asp>, <asp>gled</asp>, <asp>gleed</asp>, <asp>glade</asp>, and <asp>glide</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Glede</h1>
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<hw>Glede</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gleed</er>.]</ety> <def>A live coal.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The cruel ire, red as any <b>glede</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glee</h1>
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<hw>Glee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gle</ets>, <ets>gleo</ets>, AS. <ets>gle\'a2w</ets>, <ets>gle\'a2</ets>, akin to Icel. <ets>gl<?/</ets>: cf. Gr. <?/ joke, jest.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Music; minstrelsy; entertainment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Joy; merriment; mirth; gayety; paricularly, the mirth enjoyed at a feast.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An unaccompanied part song for three or more solo voices. It is not necessarily gleesome.</def>

<h1>Gleed</h1>
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<hw>Gleed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gl<?/d</ets>, fr. <ets>gl<?/wan</ets> to glow as a fire; akin to D. <ets>gloed</ets>, G. <ets>glut</ets>, Icel. <ets>gl<?/<?/</ets>. See <er>Glow</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>A live or glowing coal; a glede.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Gleeful</h1>
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<hw>Glee"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Merry; gay; joyous.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gleek</h1>
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<hw>Gleek</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. Icel. <ets>leika</ets> to play, play a trick on, with the prefix <ets>ge-</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>gel\'becan</ets>, Sw. <ets>leka</ets> to play, Dan. <ets>lege</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A jest or scoff; a trick or deception.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Where's the Bastard's braves, and Charles his <b>gleeks</b> ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Glicke</er>]</ety> <def>An enticing look or glance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A pretty <b>gleek</b> coming from Pallas' eye.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gleek</h1>
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<hw>Gleek</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make sport; to gibe; to sneer; to spend time idly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gleek</h1>
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<hw>Gleek</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>glic</ets>, G. <ets>gl\'81ck</ets>, fortune. See <er>Luck</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A game at cards, once popular, played by three persons.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pepys. Evelyn.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Three of the same cards held in the same hand; -- hence, three of anything.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gleeman</h1>
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<hw>Glee"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gleemen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Glee</ets> + <ets>man</ets>; AS. <ets>gle\'a2man</ets>.]</ety> <def>A name anciently given to an itinerant minstrel or musician.</def>

<h1>Gleen</h1>
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<hw>Gleen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Glance</er>, <er>Glint</er>.]</ety> <def>To glisten; to gleam.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Gleesome</h1>
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<hw>Glee"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Merry; joyous; gleeful.</def>

<h1>Gleet</h1>
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<hw>Gleet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>glette</ets>, <ets>glet</ets>, <ets>glat</ets>, mucus, pus, filth, OF. <ets>glete</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A transparent mucous discharge from the membrane of the urethra, commonly an effect of gonorrhea.</def>

<i>Hoblyn.</i>

<h1>Gleet</h1>
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<hw>Gleet</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To flow in a thin, limpid humor; to ooze, as gleet.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To flow slowly, as water.</def>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Gleety</h1>
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<hw>Gleet"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ichorous; thin; limpid.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Gleg</h1>
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<hw>Gleg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>gl\'94ggr</ets>.]</ety> <def>Quick of perception; alert; sharp.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<mhw><h1>Gleire, Gleyre</h1>
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<hw>Gleire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gleyre</hw></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> See <er>Glair</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Glen</h1>
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<hw>Glen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets>glyn</ets> a deep valley, Ir. & Gael. <ets>gleann</ets> valley, glen.]</ety> <def>A secluded and narrow valley; a dale; a depression between hills.</def>

<blockquote>And wooes the widow's daughter of the <b>glen</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glenlivat, Glenlivet</h1>
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<hw><hw>Glen*liv"at</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Glen*liv"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of Scotch whisky, named from the district in which it was first made.</def>

<i>W. E. Aytoun.</i>

<h1>Glenoid</h1>
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<hw>Gle"noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ socket of a joint + <?/ form; cf. F. <ets>gl\'82no\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a smooth and shallow depression; sock<?/tlike; -- applied to several articular surfaces of bone; <as>as, the <ex>glenoid</ex> cavity, or fossa, of the scapula, in which the head of the humerus articulates</as>.</def>

<h1>Glenoidal</h1>
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<hw>Gle*noid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Glenoid.</def>

<h1>Glent</h1>
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<hw>Glent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Glint</er>.</def>

<h1>Gleucometer</h1>
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<hw>Gleu*com"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ must + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gleucom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the specific gravity and ascertaining the quantity of sugar contained in must.</def>

<h1>Glew</h1>
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<hw>Glew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Glue</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gley</h1>
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<hw>Gley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gli<?/en</ets>, <ets>glien</ets>, <ets>gleien</ets>, to shine, to squint; cf. Icel. <ets>glj\'be</ets> to glitter.]</ety> <def>To squint; to look obliquely; to overlook things.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Gley</h1>
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<hw>Gley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Asquint; askance; obliquely.</def>

<h1>Gliadin</h1>
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<hw>Gli"a*din</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ glue: cf. F. <ets>gliadine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Vegetable glue or gelatin; glutin. It is one of the constituents of wheat gluten, and is a tough, amorphous substance, which resembles animal glue or gelatin.</def>

<h1>Glib</h1>
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<hw>Glib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Glibber</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Glibbest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. fr. D. <ets>glibberen</ets>, <ets>glippen</ets>, to slide, <ets>glibberig</ets>, <ets>glipperig</ets>, glib, slippery.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Smooth; slippery; <as>as, ice is <ex>glib</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Speaking or spoken smoothly and with flippant rapidity; fluent; voluble; <as>as, a <ex>glib</ex> tongue; a <ex>glib</ex> speech.</as></def>

<blockquote>I want that <b>glib</b> and oily art,
To speak and purpose not.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Slippery; smooth; fluent; voluble; flippant.</syn>

<h1>Glib</h1>
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<hw>Glib</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make glib.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Glib</h1>
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<hw>Glib</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. & Gael. <ets>glib</ets> a lock of hair.]</ety> <def>A thick lock of hair, hanging over the eyes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Irish have, from the Scythians, mantles and long <b>glibs</b>, which is a thick curied bush of hair hanging down over their eyes, and monstrously disguising them.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their wild costume of the <b>glib</b> and mantle.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glib</h1>
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<hw>Glib</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. O. & Prov. E. <ets>lib</ets> to castrate, geld, Prov. Dan. <ets>live</ets>, LG. & OD. <ets>lubben</ets>.]</ety> <def>To castrate; to geld; to emasculate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gilbbery</h1>
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<hw>Gilb"ber*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Slippery; changeable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>My love is <b>glibbery</b>; there is no hold on't.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Moving easily; nimble; voluble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thy lubrical and <b>glibbery</b> muse.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glibly</h1>
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<hw>Glib"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a glib manner; <as>as, to speak <ex>glibly</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Glibness</h1>
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<hw>Glib"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being glib.</def>

<h1>Glicke</h1>
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<hw>Glicke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gleek</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2, and Ir. & Gael. <ets>glic</ets> wise, cunning, crafty.]</ety> <def>An ogling look.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Glidden</h1>
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<hw>Glid"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Glide</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Glidder, Gliddery</h1>
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<hw><hw>Glid"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Glid"der*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Glide</er>.]</ety> <def>Giving no sure footing; smooth; slippery.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>Shingle, slates, and <b>gliddery</b> stones.
<i>R. D. Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glide</h1>
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<hw>Glide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The glede or kite.</def>

<h1>Glide</h1>
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<hw>Glide</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glided</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gliding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>gl\'c6dan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>glijden</ets>, OHG. <ets>gl\'c6tan</ets>, G. <ets>gleiten</ets>, Sw. <ets>glida</ets>, Dan. <ets>glide</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>glad</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To move gently and smoothly; to pass along without noise, violence, or apparent effort; to pass rapidly and easily, or with a smooth, silent motion, as a river in its channel, a bird in the air, a skater over ice.</def>

<blockquote>The river <b>glideth</b> at his own sweet will.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>To pass with a glide, as the voice.</def>

<h1>Glide</h1>
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<hw>Glide</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or manner of moving smoothly, swiftly, and without labor or obstruction.</def>

<blockquote>They prey at last ensnared, he dreadful darts,
With rapid <b>glide</b>, along the leaning line.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Seeing Orlando, it unlink'd itself,
And with indented <b>glides</b> did slip away.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>A transitional sound in speech which is produced by the changing of the mouth organs from one definite position to another, and with gradual change in the most frequent cases; as in passing from the begining to the end of a regular diphthong, or from vowel to consonant or consonant to vowel in a syllable, or from one component to the other of a double or diphthongal consonant (see <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 19, 161, 162). Also (by Bell and others), the vanish (or brief final element) or the brief initial element, in a class of diphthongal vowels, or the brief final or initial part of some consonants (see <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 18, 97, 191).</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>on-glide</i> of a vowel or consonant is the glidemade in passing to it, the <i>off-glide</i>, one made in passing from it. Glides of the other sort are distinguished as <i>initial</i> or <i>final</i>, or <i>fore-glides</i> and <i>after-glides</i>. For <i>voice-glide</i>, see <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 17, 95.</note>

<h1>Gliden</h1>
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<hw>Glid"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Glide</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Glider</h1>
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<hw>Glid"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, glides.</def>

<h1>Glidingly</h1>
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<hw>Glid"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a gliding manner.</def>

<h1>Gliff</h1>
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<hw>Gliff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>gliffen</ets>, <ets>gliften</ets>, to look with fear at.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A transient glance; an unexpected view of something that startles one; a sudden fear.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A moment: as, for a <i>gliff</i>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Glike</h1>
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<hw>Glike</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gleek</er> a jest.]</ety> <def>A sneer; a flout.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Glim</h1>
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<hw>Glim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Brightness; splendor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A light or candle.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<cs><col>Douse the glim</col>, <cd>put out the light. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Glimmer</h1>
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<hw>Glim"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glimmered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glimmering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to G. <ets>glimmer</ets> a faint, trembling light, mica, <ets>glimmern</ets> to glimmer, <ets>glimmen</ets> to shine faintly, glow, Sw. <ets>glimma</ets>, Dan. <ets>glimre</ets>, D. <ets>glimmen</ets>, <ets>glimpen</ets>. See <er>Gleam</er> a ray, and cf. <er>Glimpse</er>.]</ety> <def>To give feeble or scattered rays of light; to shine faintly; to show a faint, unsteady light; <as>as, the <ex>glimmering</ex> dawn; a <ex>glimmering</ex> lamp.</as></def>

<blockquote>The west yet <b>glimmers</b> with some streaks of day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To gleam; to glitter. See <er>Gleam</er>, <er>Flash</er>.</syn>

<h1>Glimmer</h1>
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<hw>Glim"mer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A faint, unsteady light; feeble, scattered rays of light; also, a gleam.</def>

<blockquote>Gloss of satin and <b>glimmer</b> of pearls.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mica. See <er>Mica</er>.</def>

<i>Woodsward.</i>

<cs><col>Glimmer gowk</col>, <cd>an owl. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Glimmering</h1>
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<hw>Glim"mer*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Faint, unsteady light; a glimmer.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A faint view or idea; a glimpse; an inkling.</def>

<h1>Glimpse</h1>
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<hw>Glimpse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>glimse</ets>, from the root of <ets>glimmer</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden flash; transient luster.</def>

<blockquote>LIght as the lightning <b>glimpse</b> they ran.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A short, hurried view; a transitory or fragmentary perception; a quick sight.</def>

<blockquote>Here hid by shrub wood, there by <b>glimpses</b> seen.
<i>S. Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A faint idea; an inkling.</def>

<h1>Glimpse</h1>
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<hw>Glimpse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glimpsed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glimpsing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>to appear by glimpses; to catch glimpses.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Glimpse</h1>
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<hw>Glimpse</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To catch a glimpse of; to see by glimpses; to have a short or hurried view of.</def>

<blockquote>Some <b>glimpsing</b> and no perfect sight.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glint</h1>
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<hw>Glint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>glent</ets>.]</ety> <def>A glimpse, glance, or gleam.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark> "He saw a <i>glint</i> of light."

<i>Ramsay.</i>

<h1>Glint</h1>
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<hw>Glint</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glinted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glinting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>glenten</ets>. Cf. <er>Glance</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, <er>Glitter</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>To glance; to peep forth, as a flower from the bud; to glitter.</def>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Glint</h1>
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<hw>Glint</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To glance; to turn; <as>as, to <ex>glint</ex> the eye</as>.</def>

<h1>Glioma</h1>
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<hw>Gli*o"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/  glue + <ets>-oma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A tumor springing from the neuroglia or connective tissue of the brain, spinal cord, or other portions of the nervous system.</def>

<h1>Glires</h1>
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<hw>Gli"res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., dormice.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of mammals; the Rodentia.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Gli"rine</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Glissade</h1>
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<hw>Glis`sade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>glisser</ets> to slip.]</ety> <def>A sliding, as down a snow slope in the Alps.</def>

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Glissando</h1>
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<hw>Glis*san"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <ety>[As if It. = Fr. <ets>glissant</ets> sliding.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A gliding effect; gliding.</def>

<h1>Glissette</h1>
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<hw>Glis*sette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>glisser</ets> to slip.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The locus described by any point attached to a curve that slips continuously on another fixed curve, the movable curve having no rotation at any instant.</def>

<h1>Glist</h1>
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<hw>Glist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Glisten</er>.]</ety> <def>Glimmer; mica.</def>

<h1>Glisten</h1>
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<hw>Glis"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glistened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glistening</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>glistnian</ets>, akin to <ets>glisnen</ets>, <ets>glisien</ets>, AS. <ets>glisian</ets>, <ets>glisnian</ets>, akin to E. <ets>glitter</ets>. See <er>Glitter</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and cf. <er>Glister</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>To sparkle or shine; especially, to shine with a mild, subdued, and fitful luster; to emit a soft, scintillating light; to gleam; <as>as, the <ex>glistening</ex> stars</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Flash</er>.</syn>

<h1>Glister</h1>
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<hw>Glis"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glistered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glistering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>glistren</ets>; akin to G. <ets>glistern</ets>,<ets>glinstern</ets>, D. <ets>glinsteren</ets>, and E. <ets>glisten</ets>. See <er>Glisten</er>.]</ety> <def>To be bright; to sparkle; to be brilliant; to shine; to glisten; to glitter.</def>

<blockquote>All that <b>glisters</b> is not gold.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glister</h1>
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<hw>Glis"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Glitter; luster.</def>

<h1>Glister</h1>
<Xpage=630>

<hw>Glis"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>glistere</ets>.]</ety> Same as <er>Clyster</er>.

<h1>Glisteringly</h1>
<Xpage=630>

<hw>Glis"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a glistering manner.</def>

<h1>Glitter</h1>
<Xpage=630>

<hw>Glit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glittered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glittering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gliteren</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>glittra</ets>, Icel. <ets>glitra</ets>, <ets>glita</ets>, AS. <ets>glitenian</ets>, OS. <ets>gl\'c6tan</ets>, OHG. <ets>gl\'c6zzan</ets>, <ets>G</ets>. <ets>gleissen</ets>, Goth. <ets>glitmunjan</ets>, and also to E. <ets>glint</ets>, <ets>glisten</ets>, and prob. <ets>glance</ets>, <ets>gleam</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To sparkle with light; to shine with a brilliant and broken light or showy luster; to gleam; <as>as, a <ex>glittering</ex> sword</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The field yet <b>glitters</b> with the pomp of war.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be showy, specious, or striking, and hence attractive; <as>as, the <ex>glittering</ex> scenes of a court</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To gleam; to glisten; to shine; to sparkle; to glare. See <er>Gleam</er>, <er>Flash</er>.</syn>

<h1>Glitter</h1>
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<hw>Glit"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bright, sparkling light; brilliant and showy luster; brilliancy; <as>as, the <ex>glitter</ex> of arms; the <ex>glitter</ex> of royal equipage.</as></def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Glitterand</h1>
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<hw>Glit"ter*and</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Glittering.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Glitteringly</h1>
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<hw>Glit"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a glittering manner.</def>

<h1>Gloam</h1>
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<hw>Gloam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gloom</er>, <er>Glum</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To begin to grow dark; to grow dusky.</def>

<p><b>2.<p><b> <def>To be sullen or morose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gloam</h1>
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<hw>Gloam</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The twilight; gloaming.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Gloaming</h1>
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<hw>Gloam"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gloom</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Twilight; dusk; the fall of the evening.</def> <mark>[Scot. & North of Eng., and in poetry.]</mark>

<i>Hogg.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sullenness; melancholy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Still.</i>

<h1>Gloar</h1>
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<hw>Gloar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OD. gloeren, glueren, gluyeren. Cf. <er>Glower</er>.]</ety> <def>To squint; to stare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gloat</h1>
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<hw>Gloat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gloated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gloating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to Icel. <ets>glotta</ets> to smile scornfully, G. <ets>glotzen</ets> to gloat.]</ety> <def>To look steadfastly; to gaz<?/ earnestly; -- usually in a bad sense, to gaze with malig nant satisfaction, passionate desire, lust, or avarice.</def>

<blockquote>In vengeance <b>gloating</b> on another's pain.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Globard</h1>
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<hw>Glo"bard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>globerde</ets>, from <ets>glow</ets>.]</ety> <def>A glowworm.</def> <mark>[>Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Globate, Globated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Glo"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Glo"ba*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>globatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>globare</ets> to make into a ball, fr. <ets>globus</ets> ball.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a globe; spherical.</def>

<h1>Globe</h1>
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<hw>Globe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>globus</ets>, perh. akin to L. <ets>glomus</ets> a ball of yarn, and E. <ets>clump</ets>, <ets>golf</ets>: cf. F. <ets>globe</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A round or spherical body, solid or hollow; a body whose surface is in every part equidistant from the center; a ball; a sphere.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything which is nearly spherical or globular in shape; <as>as, the <ex>globe</ex> of the eye; the <ex>globe</ex> of a lamp.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The earth; the terraqueous ball; -- usually preceded by the definite article.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A round model of the world; a spherical representation of the earth or heavens; <as>as, a terrestrial or celestial <ex>globe</ex></as>; -- called also <altname>artificial globe</altname>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A body of troops, or of men or animals, drawn up in a circle; -- a military formation used by the Romans, answering to the modern infantry square.</def>

<blockquote>Him round
A <b>globe</b> of fiery seraphim inclosed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Globe amaranth</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Gomphrena</spn> (<spn>G. globosa</spn>), bearing round heads of variously colored flowers, which long retain color when gathered.</cd> -- <col>Globe animalcule</col>, <cd>a small, globular, locomotive organism (<spn>Volvox globator</spn>), once throught to be an animal, afterward supposed to be a colony of microscopic alg\'91.</cd> -- <col>Globe of compression</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of mine producing a wide crater; -- called also <altname>overcharged mine</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Globe daisy</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant or flower of the genus <spn>Globularing</spn>, common in Europe. The flowers are minute and form globular heads.</cd> -- <col>Globe sight</col>, <cd>a form of front sight placed on target rifles.</cd> -- <col>Globe slater</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an isopod crustacean of the genus <spn>Spheroma</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Globe thistle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a thistlelike plant with the flowers in large globular heads (<spn>Cynara Scolymus</spn>); also, certain species of the related genus <spn>Echinops</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Globe valve</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A ball valve.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A valve inclosed in a globular chamber.</cd> <i>Knight</i>.</cs>

<hr>
<page="631">
Page 631<p>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Globe</er>, <er>Sphere</er>, <er>Orb</er>, <er>Ball</er>.</syn> <usage> -- <i>Globe</i> denotes a round, and usually a solid body; <i>sphere</i> is the term applied in astronomy to such a body, or to the concentric spheres or orbs of the old astronomers; <i>orb</i> is used, especially in poetry, for globe or sphere, and also for the pathway of a heavenly body; <i>ball</i> is applied to the heavenly bodies concieved of as impelled through space.</usage>

<h1>Globe</h1>
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<hw>Globe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Globed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Globing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To gather or form into a globe.</def>

<h1>Globefish</h1>
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<hw>Globe"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A plectognath fish of the genera <spn>Diodon</spn>, <spn>Tetrodon</spn>, and allied genera. The globefishes can suck in water or air and distend the body to a more or less globular form. Called also <altname>porcupine fish</altname>, and <altname>sea hedgehog</altname>. See <er>Diodon</er>.</def>

<h1>Globeflower</h1>
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<hw>Globe"flow`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Trollius</spn> (<spn>T. Europ\'91us</spn>), found in the mountainous parts of Europe, and producing handsome globe-shaped flowers.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The American plant <spn>Trollius laxus</spn>.</def>

<cs><col>Japan globeflower</col>. <cd>See <er>Corchorus</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Globe-shaped</h1>
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<hw>Globe"-shaped`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shaped like a globe.</def>

<h1>Globiferous</h1>
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<hw>Glo*bif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Globe</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a round or globular tip.</def>

<h1>Globigerina</h1>
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<hw>Glo*big`e*ri"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Globigerin&ae;</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>globus</ets> a round body + <ets>gerere</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small Foraminifera, which live abundantly at or near the surface of the sea. Their dead shells, falling to the bottom, make up a large part of the soft mud, generally found in depths below 3,000 feet, and called <i>globigerina ooze</i>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Foraminifera</er>.</def>

<h1>Globose</h1>
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<hw>Glo*bose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>globosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a rounded form resembling that of a globe; globular, or nearly so; spherical.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Globosely</h1>
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<hw>Glo*bose"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a globular manner; globularly.</def>

<h1>Globosity</h1>
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<hw>Glo*bos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>globositas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>globosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sphericity.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Globous</h1>
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<hw>Glo"bous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Globose</er>.]</ety> <def>Spherical.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Globular</h1>
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<hw>Glob"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>globulaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Globe-shaped; having the form of a ball or sphere; spherical, or nearly so; <as>as, <ex>globular</ex> atoms</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>Globular chart</col>, <cd>a chart of the earth's surface constructed on the principles of the globular projection.</cd> -- <col>Globular projection</col> <fld>(Map Projection)</fld>, <cd>a perspective projection of the surface of a hemisphere upon a plane parallel to the base of the hemisphere, the point of sight being taken in the axis produced beyond the surface of the opposite hemisphere a distance equal to the radius of the sphere into the sine of 45&deg;.</cd> -- <col>Globular sailing</col>, <cd>sailing on the arc of a great circle, or so as to make the shortest distance between two places; circular sailing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Globularity</h1>
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<hw>Glob`u*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being globular; globosity; sphericity.</def>

<h1>Globularly</h1>
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<hw>Glob"u*lar*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Spherically.</def>

<h1>Globularness</h1>
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<hw>Glob"u*lar*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sphericity; globosity.</def>

<h1>Globule</h1>
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<hw>Glob"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>globulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>globus</ets> globe: cf. F. <ets>globule</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little globe; a small particle of matter, of a spherical form.</def>

<blockquote><b>Globules</b> of snow.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These minute <b>globules</b> [a mole's eyes] are sunk . . . deeply in the skull.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A minute spherical or rounded structure; as blood, lymph, and pus corpuscles, minute fungi, spores, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A little pill or pellet used by homeopathists.</def>

<h1>Globulet</h1>
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<hw>Glob"u*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little globule.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Globuliferous</h1>
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<hw>Glob`u*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Globule</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing globules; in geology, used of rocks, and denoting a variety of concretionary structure, where the concretions are isolated globules and evenly distributed through the texture of the rock.</def>

<h1>Globulimeter</h1>
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<hw>Glob`u*lim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Globule</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the number of red blood corpuscles in the blood.</def>

<note>&hand; The method depends on the differences of tint obtained by mixing a sample of the blood with sodium carbonate solution.</note>

<h1>Globulin</h1>
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<hw>Glob"u*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Globule</er>: cf. F. <ets>globuline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Phisiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An albuminous body, insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute solutions of salt. It is present in the red blood corpuscles united with h\'91matin to form h\'91moglobin. It is also found in the crystalline lens of the eye, and in blood serum, and is sometimes called <i>crystallin</i>. In the plural the word is applied to a group of proteid substances such as vitellin, myosin, fibrinogen, etc., all insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute salt solutions.</def>

<h1>Globulite</h1>
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<hw>Glob"u*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Globule</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A rudimentary form of crystallite, spherical in shape.</def>

<h1>Globulous</h1>
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<hw>Glob"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>globuleux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Globular; spherical; orbicular.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Glob"u*lous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Globy</h1>
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<hw>Glob"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling, or pertaining to, a globe; round; orbicular.</def> "The <i>globy</i> sea."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Glochidiate</h1>
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<hw>Glo*chid"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ point of an arrow.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having barbs; <as>as, <ex>glochidiate</ex> bristles</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Glochidium</h1>
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<hw>Glo*chid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Glochidia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the point of an arrow.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva or young of the mussel, formerly thought to be a parasite upon the parent's gills.</def>

<h1>Glode</h1>
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<hw>Glode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Glide</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Glombe, Glome</h1>
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<hw><hw>Glombe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Glome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To gloom; to look gloomy, morose, or sullen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Surrey.</i>

<h1>Glome</h1>
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<hw>Glome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Gloom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Glome</h1>
<Xpage=631>

<hw>Glome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glomus</ets> a ball. Cf. <er>Globe</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the two prominences at the posterior extremity of the frog of the horse's foot.</def>

<h1>Glomerate</h1>
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<hw>Glom"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glomeratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>glomerare</ets> to glomerate, from <ets>glomus</ets>. See 3d <er>Glome</er>.]</ety> <def>Gathered together in a roundish mass or dense cluster; conglomerate.</def>

<h1>Glomerate</h1>
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<hw>Glom"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glomerated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glomerating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To gather or wind into a ball; to collect into a spherical form or mass, as threads.</def>

<h1>Glomeration</h1>
<Xpage=631>

<hw>Glom`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glomeratio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of forming or gathering into a ball or round mass; the state of being gathered into a ball; conglomeration.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is formed into a ball; a ball.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Glomerous</h1>
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<hw>Glom"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glomerosus</ets>, fr. <ets>glomus</ets>. See 3d <er>Glome</er>.]</ety> <def>Gathered or formed into a ball or round mass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Glomerule</h1>
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<hw>Glom"er*ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. fr. L. <ets>glomus</ets> ball.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A head or dense cluster of flowers, formed by condensation of a cyme, as in the flowering dogwood.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A glomerulus.</def>

<h1>Glomerulus</h1>
<Xpage=631>

<hw>Glo*mer"u*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Glomeruli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>glomus</ets>. See 3d <er>Glome</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bunch of looped capillary blood vessels in a Malpighian capsule of the kidney.</def>

<h1>Glomuliferous</h1>
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<hw>Glom`u*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glomus</ets> a ball + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having small clusters of minutely branched coral-like excrescences.</def>

<i>M. C. Cooke.</i>

<h1>Glonoin Glonoine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Glon"o*in</hw> <hw>Glon"o*ine</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gl</ets>ycerin + <ets>o</ets>xygen + <ets>n</ets>itrogen + <ets>-in</ets>, <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Same as <er>Nitroglycerin</er>; -- called also <altname>oil of glonoin</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A dilute solution of nitroglycerin used as a neurotic.</def>

<h1>Gloom</h1>
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<hw>Gloom</hw> <tt>(gl&oomac;m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gl&omac;m</ets> twilight, from the root of E. <ets>glow</ets>. See <er>Glow</er>, and cf. <er>Glum</er>, <er>Gloam</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Partial or total darkness; thick shade; obscurity; <as>as, the <ex>gloom</ex> of a forest, or of midnight</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A shady, gloomy, or dark place or grove.</def>

<blockquote>Before a <b>gloom</b> of stubborn-shafted oaks.
<i>Tennyson .</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Cloudiness or heaviness of mind; melancholy; aspect of sorrow; low spirits; dullness.</def>

<blockquote>A sullen <b>gloom</b> and furious disorder prevailed by fits.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In gunpowder manufacture, the drying oven.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Darkness; dimness; obscurity; heaviness; dullness; depression; melancholy; dejection; sadness. See <er>Darkness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Gloom</h1>
<Xpage=631>

<hw>Gloom</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gloomed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glooming</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shine or appear obscurely or imperfectly; to glimmer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To become dark or dim; to be or appear dismal, gloomy, or sad; to come to the evening twilight.</def>

<blockquote>The black gibbet <b>glooms</b> beside the way.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[This weary day] . . . at last I see it <b>gloom</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gloom</h1>
<Xpage=631>

<hw>Gloom</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render gloomy or dark; to obscure; to darken.</def>

<blockquote>A bow window . . . <b>gloomed</b> with limes.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A black yew <b>gloomed</b> the stagnant air.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fill with gloom; to make sad, dismal, or sullen.</def>

<blockquote>Such a mood as that which lately <b>gloomed</b>
Your fancy.
<i>Tennison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What sorrows <b>gloomed</b> that parting day.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gloomily</h1>
<Xpage=631>

<hw>Gloom"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a gloomy manner.</def>

<h1>Gloominess</h1>
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<hw>Gloom"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being gloomy.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Glooming</h1>
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<hw>Gloom"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gloaming</er>.]</ety> <def>Twilight (of morning or evening); the gloaming.</def>

<blockquote>When the faint <b>glooming</b> in the sky
First lightened into day.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The balmy <b>glooming</b>, crescent-lit.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gloomth</h1>
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<hw>Gloomth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Gloom.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Gloomy</h1>
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<hw>Gloom"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Gloomier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Gloomiest</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Imperfectly illuminated; dismal through obscurity or darkness; dusky; dim; clouded; <as>as, the cavern was <ex>gloomy</ex></as>.</def> "Though hid in <i>gloomiest</i> shade."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affected with, or expressing, gloom; melancholy; dejected; <as>as, a <ex>gloomy</ex> temper or countenance</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Dark; dim; dusky; dismal; cloudy; moody; sullen; morose; melancholy; sad; downcast; depressed; dejected; disheartened.</syn>

<h1>Gloppen</h1>
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<hw>Glop"pen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>glopnen</ets> to be frightened, frighten: cf. Icel. <ets>gl<?/pna</ets> to look downcast.]</ety> <def>To surprise or astonish; to be startled or astonished.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Glore</h1>
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<hw>Glore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gloar</er>.]</ety> <def>To glare; to glower.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Gloria</h1>
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<hw>Glo"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., glory.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A doxology (beginning <i>Gloria Patri</i>, Glory be to the Father), sung or said at the end of the Psalms in the service of the Roman Catholic and other churches.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A portion of the Mass (<i>Gloria in Excelsis Deo</i>, Glory be to God on high), and also of the communion service in some churches. In the Episcopal Church the version in English is used.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The musical setting of a gloria.</def>

<h1>Gloriation</h1>
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<hw>Glo`ri*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gloriatio</ets>, from <ets>gloriari</ets> to glory, boast, fr. <ets>gloria</ets> glory. See <er>Glory</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Boast; a triumphing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Richardson.</i>

<blockquote>Internal <b>gloriation</b> or triumph of the mind.
<i>Hobbes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gloried</h1>
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<hw>Glo"ried</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Glory</er>.]</ety> <def>Illustrious; honorable; noble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Glorification</h1>
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<hw>Glo`ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glorificatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>glorification</ets>. See <er>Glorify</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of glorifyng or of giving glory to.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being glorifed; <as>as, the <ex>glorification</ex> of Christ after his resurrection</as>.</def>

<h1>Glorify</h1>
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<hw>Glo"ri*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glorified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glorifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>glorifier</ets>, L. <ets>glorificare</ets>; <ets>gloria</ets> glory + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make glorious by bestowing glory upon; to confer honor and distinction upon; to elevate to power or happiness, or to celestial glory.</def>

<blockquote>Jesus was not yet <b>glorified</b>.
<i>John vii. 39.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make glorious in thought or with the heart, by ascribing glory to; to asknowledge the excellence of; to render homage to; to magnify in worship; to adore.</def>

<blockquote>That we for thee may <b>glorify</b> the Lord.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gloriole</h1>
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<hw>Glo"ri*ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gloriola</ets> a small glory, dim. of <ets>gloria</ets> glory.]</ety> <def>An aureole.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Msr. Browning.</i>

<h1>Gloriosa</h1>
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<hw>Glo`ri*o"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Nl., fr. L. <ets>gloriosus</ets>. See <er>Glorious</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of climbing plants with very showy lilylike blossoms, natives of India.</def>

<h1>Glorioser</h1>
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<hw>Glo`ri*o"ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>gloriosus</ets> boastful.]</ety> <def>A boaster.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Greene.</i>

<h1>Glorioso</h1>
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<hw>Glo`ri*o"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A boaster.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Glorious</h1>
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<hw>Glo"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>glorios</ets>, <ets>glorious</ets>, F. <ets>glorieux</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gloriosus</ets>. See <er>Glory</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; <as>as, <ex>glorious</ex> deeds</as>.</def>

<blockquote>These are thy <b>glorious</b> works, Parent of good !
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Eager for glory or distinction; haughty; boastful; ostentatious; vainglorious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Most miserable
Is the desire that's <b>glorious</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Ecstatic; hilarious; elated with drink.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>kings may be blest, but Tam was <b>glorious</b>,
O'er all the ills of life victorious.
<i>Burns.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>During his office treason was no crime,
The sons of Belial had a <b>glorious</b> time.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Eniment; noble; excellent; renowned; illustrious; celebrated; magnificent; grand; splendid.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Glo"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Glo"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Udall.</i>

<blockquote>Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed <b>gloriously</b>.
<i>Ex. xv. 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I speak it not <b>gloriously</b>, nor out of affectation.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glory</h1>
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<hw>Glo"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>glorie</ets>, OF. <ets>glorie</ets>, <ets>gloire</ets>, F. <ets>gloire</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gloria</ets>; prob. akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets><?/ravas</ets> glory, praise, <ets><?/ru</ets> to hear. See <er>Loud</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Praise, honor, admiration, or distinction, accorded by common consent to a person or thing; high reputation; honorable fame; renown.</def>

<blockquote><b>Glory</b> to God in the highest.
<i>Luke ii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Spread his <b>glory</b> through all countries wide.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That quality in a person or thing which secures general praise or honor; that which brings or gives renown; an object of pride or boast; the occasion of praise; excellency; brilliancy; splendor.</def>

<blockquote>Think it no <b>glory</b> to swell in tyranny.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Jewels lose their <b>glory</b> if neglected.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Your sex's <b>glory</b> 't is to shine unknown.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pride; boastfulness; arrogance.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>glory</b> of thy fortunes.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The presence of the Divine Being; the manifestations of the divine nature and favor to the blessed in heaven; celestial honor; heaven.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterward receive me to <b>glory</b>.
<i>Ps. lxxiii. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An emanation of light supposed to proceed from beings of peculiar sanctity. It is represented in art by rays of gold, or the like, proceeding from the head or body, or by a disk, or a mere line.</def>

<note>&hand; This is the general term; when confined to the head it is properly called <i>nimbus</i>; when encircling the whole body, <i>aureola</i> or <i>aureole</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Glory hole</col>, <cd>an opening in the wall of a glass furnace, exposing the brilliant white light of the interior. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Glory pea</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the name of two leguminous plants (<spn>Clianthus Dampieri</spn> and <spn>C. puniceus</spn>) of Australia and New Zeland. They have showy scarlet or crimson flowers.</cd> -- <col>Glory tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to several species of the verbenaceous genus <spn>Clerodendron</spn>, showy flowering shrubs of tropical regions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Glory</h1>
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<hw>Glo"ry</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gloried</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glorying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>glorien</ets>, OF. <ets>glorier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gloriari</ets>, fr. <ets>gloria</ets> glory. See <er>Glory</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To exult with joy; to rejoice.</def>

<blockquote><b>Glory</b> ye in his holy name.
<i>Ps. cv.<?/</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To boast; to be proud.</def>

<blockquote>God forbid that I should <b>glory</b>, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ.
<i>Gal. vi. 14</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No one . . . should <b>glory</b> in his prosperity.
<i>Richardson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glose</h1>
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<hw>Glose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Gloze</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gloser</h1>
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<hw>Glos"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Glosser</er>.</def>

<h1>Gloss</h1>
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<hw>Gloss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>glossi</ets> a blaze, <ets>glys</ets> finery, MHG. <ets>glosen</ets> to glow, G. <ets>glosten</ets> to glimmer; perh. akin to E. <ets>glass</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bbrightness or luster of a body proceeding from a smooth surface; polish; <as>as, the <ex>gloss</ex> of silk; cloth is calendered to give it a <ex>gloss</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>It is no part . . . to set on the face of this cause any fairer <b>gloss</b> than the naked truth doth afford.

<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A specious appearance; superficial quality or show.</def>

<blockquote>To me more dear, congenial to my heart,
One native charm than all the <b>gloss</b> of art.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gloss</h1>
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<hw>Gloss</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glossed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glossing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To give a superficial luster or gloss to; to make smooth and shining; <as>as, to <ex>gloss</ex> cloth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>glossed</b> and gleamy wave.
<i>J. R. Drake.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gloss</h1>
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<hw>Gloss</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>glose</ets>, F. <ets>glose</ets>, L. <ets>glossa</ets> a difficult word needing explanation, fr. Gr. <?/ tongue, language, word needing explanation. Cf. <er>Gloze</er>, <er>Glossary</er>, <er>Glottis</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A foreign, archaic, technical, or other uncommon word requiring explanation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An interpretation, consisting of one or more words, interlinear or marginal; an explanatory note or comment; a running commentary.</def>

<blockquote>All this, without a <b>gloss</b> or comment,
He would unriddle in a moment.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Explaining the text in short <b>glosses</b>.
<i>T. Baker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A false or specious explanation.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<hr>
<page="632">
Page 632<p>

<h1>Gloss</h1>
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<hw>Gloss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render clear and evident by comments; to illustrate; to explain; to annotate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give a specious appearance to; to render specious and plausible; to palliate by specious explanation.</def>

<blockquote>You have the art to <b>gloss</b> the foulest cause.
<i>Philips.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gloss</h1>
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<hw>Gloss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make comments; to comment; to explain.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make sly remarks, or insinuations.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Glossa</h1>
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<hw>Glos"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gloss<?/</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The tongue, or lingua, of an insect. See <er>Hymenoptera</er>.</def>

<h1>Glossal</h1>
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<hw>Glos"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the tongue; lingual.</def>

<h1>Glossanthrax</h1>
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<hw>Glos*san"thrax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ tongue + E. <ets>anthrax</ets>: cf. F. <ets>glossanthrax</ets>.]</ety> <def>A disease of horses and cattle accompanied by carbuncles in the mouth and on the tongue.</def>

<h1>Glossarial</h1>
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<hw>Glos*sa"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to glosses or to a glossary; containing a glossary.</def>

<h1>Glossarially</h1>
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<hw>Glos*sa"ri*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a glossary.</def>

<h1>Glossarist</h1>
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<hw>Glos"sa*rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of glosses or of a glossary; a commentator; a scholiast.</def>

<i>Tyrwhitt.</i>

<h1>Glossary</h1>
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<hw>Glos"sa*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gossaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>glossarium</ets>, fr. <ets>glossa</ets>: cf. F. <ets>glossaire</ets>. See 3d <er>Gloss</er>.]</ety> <def>A collection of glosses or explanations of words and passages of a work or author; a partial dictionary of a work, an author, a dialect, art, or science, explaining archaic, technical, or other uncommon words.</def>

<h1>Glossata</h1>
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<hw>Glos*sa"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Glossa</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Lepidoptera.</def>

<h1>Glossator</h1>
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<hw>Glos*sa"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. See 3d <er>Gloss</er>.]</ety> <def>A writer of glosses or comments; a commentator.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The . . . <i>glossators</i> of Aristotle."

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Glosser</h1>
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<hw>Gloss"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See lst <er>Gloss</er>.]</ety> <def>A polisher; one who gives a luster.</def>

<h1>Glosser</h1>
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<hw>Gloss"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 3d <er>Gloss</er>.]</ety> <def>A writer of glosses; a scholiast; a commentator.</def>

<i>L. Addison.</i>

<h1>Glossic</h1>
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<hw>Glos"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glossa</ets> a word requiring a gloss. See 3d <er>Gloss</er>.]</ety> <def>A system of phonetic spelling based upon the present values of English letters, but invariably using one symbol to represent one sound only.</def>

<blockquote>Ingglish <b>Glosik</b> konvai<?/z hwotev<?/er proanusiai<?/shon iz inten<?/ded bei dhi reiter.
<i>A. J. Ellis.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glossily</h1>
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<hw>Gloss"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a glossy manner.</def>

<h1>Glossiness</h1>
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<hw>Gloss"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Glossy</er>.]</ety> <def>The condition or quality of being glossy; the luster or brightness of a smooth surface.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Glossist</h1>
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<hw>Gloss"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of comments.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Glossitis</h1>
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<hw>Glos*si"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ tongue + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the tongue.</def>

<h1>Glossly</h1>
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<hw>Gloss"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Like gloss; specious.</def>

<i>Cowley.</i>

<h1>Glossocomon</h1>
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<hw>Glos*soc"o*mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of case.]</ety> <def>A kind of hoisting winch.</def>

<h1>Glossoepiglottic</h1>
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<hw>Glos`so*ep`i*glot"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ tongue + E. <ets>epiglottic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to both tongue and epiglottis; <as>as, <ex>glossoepiglottic</ex> folds</as>.</def>

<h1>Glossographer</h1>
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<hw>Glos"sog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ tongue + <?/ to write. See 3d <er>Gloss</er>.]</ety> <def>A writer of a glossary; a commentator; a scholiast.</def>

<i>Hayward.</i>

<h1>Glossographical</h1>
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<hw>Glos`so*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to glossography.</def>

<h1>Glossography</h1>
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<hw>Glos"sog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Glossographer</er>.]</ety> <def>The writing of glossaries, glosses, or comments for illustrating an author.</def>

<h1>Glossohyal</h1>
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<hw>Glos`so*hy"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the tongue + the letter <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to both the hyoidean arch and the tongue; -- applied to the anterior segment of the hyoidean arch in many fishes. -- <tt>n.</tt> The glossohyal bone or cartilage; lingual bone; entoglossal bone.</def>

<h1>Glossolalia, Glossolaly</h1>
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<hw><hw>Glos`so*la"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Glos*sol"a*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ tongue + <?/ talk: cf. F. <ets>glossolalie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The gift of tongues. <i>Farrar</i>.</def>

<h1>Glossological</h1>
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<hw>Glos`so*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to glossology.</def>

<h1>Glassologist</h1>
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<hw>Glas*sol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who defines and explains terms; one who is versed in glossology.</def>

<h1>Glossology</h1>
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<hw>Glos*sol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ tongue + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>glossologie</ets>. See 3d <er>Gloss</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The definition and explanation of terms; a glossary.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The science of language; comparative philology; linguistics; glottology.</def>

<h1>Glossopharyngeal</h1>
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<hw>Glos`so*phar`yn*ge"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the tongue + E. <ets>pharyngeal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to both the tongue and the pharynx; -- applied especially to the ninth pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed to the pharynx and tongue. -- <tt>n.</tt> One of the glossopharyngeal nerves.</def>

<h1>Glossy</h1>
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<hw>Gloss"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Glossier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Glossiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Gloss</er> luster.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Smooth and shining; reflecting luster from a smooth surface; highly polished; lustrous; <as>as, <ex>glossy</ex> silk; a <ex>glossy</ex> surface.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Smooth; specious; plausible; <as>as, <ex>glossy</ex> deceit</as>.</def>

<h1>Glost oven</h1>
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<hw>Glost" ov`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>An oven in which glazed pottery is fired; -- also called <altname>glaze kiln</altname>, or <altname>glaze</altname>.</def>

<h1>Glottal</h1>
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<hw>Glot"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to, or produced by, the glottis; glottic.</def>

<cs><col>Glottal catch</col>, <cd>an effect produced upon the breath or voice by a sudden opening or closing of the glotts.</cd> <i>Sweet</i>.</cs>

<h1>Glottic, Glottidean</h1>
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<hw><hw>Glot"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Glot*tid"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the glottis; glottal.</def>

<h1>Glottis</h1>
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<hw>Glot"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, from <?/, <?/, the tongue. See <er>Gloss</er> an explanatory remark.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The opening from the pharynx into the larynx or into the trachea. See <er>Larynx</er>.</def>

<h1>Glottological</h1>
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<hw>Glot`to*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to glottology.</def>

<h1>Glottologist</h1>
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<hw>Glot*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A linguist; a philologist.</def>

<h1>Glottology</h1>
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<hw>Glot*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the tongue + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of tongues or languages; comparative philology; glossology.</def>

<h1>Glout</h1>
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<hw>Glout</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Scot. Cf. <er>Gloat</er>.]</ety> <def>To pout; to look sullen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Garth.</i>

<h1>Glout</h1>
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<hw>Glout</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To view attentively; to gloat on; to stare at.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Glove</h1>
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<hw>Glove</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>glove</ets>, <ets>glofe</ets>, AS. <ets>gl<?/f</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>gl<?/fi</ets>, cf. Goth. <ets>l<?/fa</ets> palm of the hand, Icel. <ets>l<?/fi</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A cover for the hand, or for the hand and wrist, with a separate sheath for each finder. The latter characteristic distinguishes the <i>glove</i> from the <i>mitten</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A boxing glove.</def>

<cs><col>Boxing glove</col>. <cd>See under <er>Boxing</er>.</cd> -- <col>Glove fight</col>, <cd>a pugilistic contest in wich the fighters wear boxing gloves.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Glove</col> <col>money &or; silver</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A tip or gratuity to servants, professedly to buy gloves with.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Eng. Law.)</fld> <cd>A reward given to officers of courts; also, a fee given by the sheriff of a country to the clerk of assize and judge's officers, when there are no offenders to be executed.</cd> -- <col>Glove sponge</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fine and soft variety of commercial sponges (<spn>Spongia officinalis</spn>).</cd> -- <col>To be hand and glove with</col>, <cd>to be intimately associated or on good terms with. "<i>Hand and glove with<i> traitors." <i>J. H. Newman</i>.</cd> -- <col>To handle without gloves</col>,<-- with the gloves off, to take the gloves off --> <cd>to treat without reserve or tenderness; to deal roughly with.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To take up the glove</col></mcol>, <cd>to accept a challenge or adopt a quarrel.</cd> -- <col>To throw down the glove</col>, <cd>to challenge to combat.</cd></cs>

<h1>Glove</h1>
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<hw>Glove</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gloved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gloving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover with, or as with, a glove.</def>

<h1>Glover</h1>
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<hw>Glov"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose trade it is to make or sell gloves.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Glover's</col> <col>suture &or; stitch</col></mcol>, <cd>a kind of stitch used in sewing up wounds, in which the thread is drawn alternately through each side from within outward.</cd></cs>

<h1>Glow</h1>
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<hw>Glow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glowed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>gl<?/wan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>gloeijen</ets>, OHG. <ets>gluoen</ets>, G. <ets>gl\'81hen</ets>, Icel. <ets>gl<?/a</ets>, Dan. <ets>gloende</ets> glowing. <?/. Cf. <er>Gloom</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To shine with an intense or white heat; to give forth vivid light and heat; to be incandenscent.</def>

<blockquote><b>Glows</b> in the stars, and blossoms in the trees.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exhibit a strong, bright color; to be brilliant, as if with heat; to be bright or red with heat or animation, with blushes, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Clad in a gown that <b>glows</b> with Tyrian rays.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And <b>glow</b> with shame of your proceedings.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To feel hot; to have a burning sensation, as of the skin, from friction, exercise, etc.; to burn.</def>

<blockquote>Did not his temples <b>glow</b>
In the same sultry winds and acrching heats?
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The cord slides swiftly through his <b>glowing</b> hands.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To feel the heat of passion; to be animated, as by intense love, zeal, anger, etc.; to rage, as passior; <as>as, the heart <ex>glows</ex> with love, zeal, or patriotism</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With pride it mounts, and with revenge it <b>glows</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Burns with one love, with one resentment <b>glows</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glow</h1>
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<hw>Glow</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make hot; to flush.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Fans, whose wind did seem
To <b>glow</b> the delicate cheeks which they did cool.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glow</h1>
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<hw>Glow</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>White or red heat; incandscence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Brightness or warmth of color; redness; a rosy flush; <as>as, the <ex>glow</ex> of health in the cheeks</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Intense excitement or earnestness; vehemence or heat of passion; ardor.</def>

<blockquote>The red <b>glow</b> of scorn.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Heat of body; a sensation of warmth, as that produced by exercise, etc.</def>

<h1>Glowbard</h1>
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<hw>Glow"bard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Globard</er>.]</ety> <def>The glowworm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Glower</h1>
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<hw>Glow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glowered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glowering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gloar</er>.]</ety> <def>to look intently; to stare angrily or with a scowl.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Glowingly</h1>
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<hw>Glow"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a glowing manner; with ardent heat or passion.</def>

<h1>Glowlamp</h1>
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<hw>Glow"lamp`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An aphlogistic lamp. See <er>Aphlogistic</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Elect.)</fld> <def>An incandescent lamp. See <er>Incandescent</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Glowworm</h1>
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<hw>Glow"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A coleopterous insect of the genus <spn>Lampyris</spn>; esp., the wingless females and larv\'91 of the two European species (<spn>L. noctiluca</spn>, and <spn>L. splendidula</spn>), which emit light from some of the abdominal segments.</def>

<blockquote>Like a <b>glowworm</b> in the night,
The which hath fire in darkness, none in light.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The male is winged, and is supposed to be attracted by the light of the female. In America, the luminous larv\'91 of several species of fireflies and fire beetles are called <i>glowworms</i>. Both sexes of these are winged when mature. See <er>Firefly</er>.</note>

<h1>Gloxinia</h1>
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<hw>Glox*in"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>American genus of herbaceous plants with very handsome bell-shaped blossoms; -- named after B. P. <i>Gloxin</i>, a German botanist.</def>

<h1>Gloze</h1>
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<hw>Gloze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glozed</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glozing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>glosen</ets>, F. <ets>gloser</ets>. See <er>gloss</er> explanation.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To flatter; to wheedle; to fawn; to talk smoothly.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>A false, <b>glozing</b> parasite.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So <b>glozed</b> the tempter, and his proem tuned.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give a specious or false meaning; to ministerpret.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gloze</h1>
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<hw>Gloze</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To smooth over; to palliate.</def>

<blockquote>By <b>glozing</b> the evil that is in the world.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gloze</h1>
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<hw>Gloze</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Flattery; adulation; smooth speech.</def>

<blockquote>Now to plain dealing; lay these <b>glozes</b> by.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specious show; gloss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Glozer</h1>
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<hw>Gloz"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flatterer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gifford (1580).</i>

<h1>Glucic</h1>
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<hw>Glu"cic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sweet.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, sugar; <as>as, <ex>glucic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Glucina</h1>
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<hw>Glu*ci"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>glycine</ets>, <ets>glucine</ets>. So called because it forms sweet salts. See <er>Glucinum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white or gray tasteless powder, the oxide of the element glucinum; -- formerly called <i>glucine</i>.</def>

<h1>Glucinic</h1>
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<hw>Glu*cin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, glucinum; <as>as, <ex>glucinic</ex> oxide</as>.</def>

<h1>Glucinum</h1>
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<hw>Glu*ci"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>glucinium</ets>, <ets>glycium</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, sweet. Cf. <er>Glycerin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare metallic element, of a silver white color, and low specific gravity (2.1), resembling magnesium. It never occurs naturally in the free state, but is always combined, usually with silica or alumina, or both; as in the minerals phenacite, chrysoberyl, beryl or emerald, euclase, and danalite. It was named from its oxide glucina, which was known long before the element was isolated. Symbol Gl. Atomic weight 9.1. Called also <altname>beryllium</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>glucinium</asp>.]</altsp><-- modern name Beryllium, symbol Be -->

<h1>Glucogen</h1>
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<hw>Glu"co*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark> <def>See <er>Glycogen</er>.</def>

<h1>Glucogenesis</h1>
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<hw>Glu`co*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Glycogenesis.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Gluconic</h1>
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<hw>Glu*con"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, glucose.</def>

<cs><col>Gluconic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an organic acid, obtained as a colorless, sirupy liquid, by the oxidation of glucose; -- called also <altname>maltonic acid</altname>, and <altname>dextronic acid</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Glucose</h1>
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<hw>Glu"cose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sweet. Cf. <er>Glycerin</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A variety of sugar occurring in nature very abundantly, as in ripe grapes, and in honey, and produced in great quantities from starch, etc., by the action of heat and acids. It is only about half as sweet as cane sugar. Called also <altname>dextrose</altname>, <altname>grape sugar</altname>, <altname>diabetic sugar</altname>, and <altname>starch sugar</altname>. See <er>Dextrose</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a large class of sugars, isometric with glucose proper, and including levulose, galactose, etc.</def><-- ?Now only one is called glucose -- when did this usage diappear? = hexose-->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The trade name of a sirup, obtained as an uncrystallizable reside in the manufacture of glucose proper, and containing, in addition to some dextrose or glucose, also maltose, dextrin, etc. It is used as a cheap adulterant of sirups, beers, etc.</def>

<h1>Glucoside</h1>
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<hw>Glu"co*side</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Glucose</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a large series of amorphous or crystalline substances, occurring very widely distributed in plants, rarely in animals, and regarded as influental agents in the formation and disposition of the sugars. They are frequently of a bitter taste, but, by the action of ferments, or of dilute acids and alkalies, always break down into some characteristic substance (acid, aldehyde, alcohol, phenole, or alkaloid) and <i>glucose</i> (or some other sugar); hence the name. They are of the nature of complex and compound ethers, and ethereal salts of the sugar carbohydrates.</def>

<h1>Glucosuria</h1>
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<hw>Glu`co*su"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>glucose</ets> + Gr. <?/ urine.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition in which glucose is discharged in the urine; diabetes mellitus.</def>

<h1>Glue</h1>
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<hw>Glue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>glu</ets>, L. <ets>glus</ets>, akin to <ets>gluten</ets>, from <ets>gluere</ets> to draw together. Cf. <er>Gluten</er>.]</ety> <def>A hard brittle brownish gelatin, obtained by boiling to a jelly the skins, hoofs, etc., of animals. When gently heated with water, it becomes viscid and tenaceous, and is used as a cement for uniting substances. The name is also given to other adhesive or viscous substances.</def>

<cs><col>Bee glue</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bee</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fish glue</col>, <cd>a strong kind of glue obtained from fish skins and bladders; isinglass.</cd> -- <col>Glue plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a fucoid seaweed (<spn>Gloiopeltis tenax</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Liquid glue</col>, <cd>a fluid preparation of glue and acetic acid oralcohol.</cd> -- <col>Marine glue</col>, <cd>a solution of caoutchouc in naphtha, with shellac, used in shipbuilding.</cd></cs>

<h1>Glue</h1>
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<hw>Glue</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gluing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>gluer</ets>. See <er>Glue</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To join with glue or a viscous substance; to cause to stick or hold fast, as if with glue; to fix or fasten.</def>

<blockquote>This cold, congealed blood
That <b>glues</b> my lips, and will not let me speak.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gluepot</h1>
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<hw>Glue"pot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A utensil for melting glue, consisting of an inner pot holding the glue, immersed in an outer one containing water which is heated to soften the glue.</def>

<h1>Gluer</h1>
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<hw>Glu"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who cements with glue.</def>

<h1>Gluey</h1>
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<hw>Glu"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Viscous; glutinous; of the nature of, or like, glue.</def>

<h1>Glueyness</h1>
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<hw>Glu"ey*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Viscidity.</def>

<h1>Gluish</h1>
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<hw>Glu"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat gluey.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Glum</h1>
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<hw>Glum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gloom</er>.]</ety> <def>Sullenness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Glum</h1>
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<hw>Glum</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Moody; silent; sullen.</def>

<blockquote>I frighten people by my <b>glun</b> face.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glum</h1>
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<hw>Glum</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To look sullen; to be of a sour countenance; to be glum.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hawes.</i>

<h1>Glumaceous</h1>
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<hw>Glu*ma"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>glumanc\'82</ets>. See <er>Glume</er>.]</ety> <def>Having glumes; consisting of glumes.</def>

<h1>Glumal</h1>
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<hw>Glu"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Characterized by a glume, or having the nature of a glume.</def>

<h1>Glume</h1>
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<hw>Glume</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gluma</ets> hull, husk, fr. <ets>glubere</ets> to bark or peel: cf. F. <ets>glume</ets> or <ets>gloume</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The bracteal covering of the flowers or seeds of grain and grasses; esp., an outer husk or bract of a spikelt.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Glumella, Glumelle</h1>
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<hw><hw>Glu*mel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Glu"melle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>glumelle</ets>, dim. of <ets>glume</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the pelets or inner chaffy scales of the flowers or spikelets of grasses.</def>

<h1>Glumly</h1>
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<hw>Glum"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a glum manner; sullenly; moodily.</def>

<h1>Glummy</h1>
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<hw>Glum"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gloom</er>.]</ety> <def>dark; gloomy; dismal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Glumness</h1>
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<hw>Glum"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Moodiness; sullenness.</def>

<h1>Glump</h1>
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<hw>Glump</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Glum</er>.]</ety> <def>To manifest sullenness; to sulk.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="633">
Page 633<p>

<h1>Glumpy</h1>
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<hw>Glump"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Glum; sullen; sulky.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "He was <i>glumpy</i> enough."

<i>T. Hook.</i>

<h1>Glunch</h1>
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<hw>Glunch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Glump</er>.]</ety> <def>Frowning; sulky; sullen.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A sullen, angry look; a look of disdain or dislike.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark></def2>

<h1>Glut</h1>
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<hw>Glut</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glutted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glutting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>glotten</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>glotir</ets>, <ets>gloutir</ets>, L. <ets>glutire</ets>, <ets>gluttire</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ to eat, Skr. <ets>gar</ets>. Cf. <er>Gluttion</er>, <er>Englut</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To swallow, or to swallow greedlly; to gorge.

<blockquote>Though every drop of water swear against it,
And gape at widest to <b>glut</b> him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fill to satiety; to satisfy fully the desire or craving of; to satiate; to sate; to cloy.</def>

<blockquote>His faithful heart, a bloody sacrifice,
Torn from his breast, to <b>glut</b> the tyrant's eyes.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The realms of nature and of art were ransacked to <b>glut</b> the wonder, lust, and ferocity of a degraded populace.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To glut the market</col>, <cd>to furnish an oversupply of any article of trade, so that there is no sale for it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Glut</h1>
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<hw>Glut</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To eat gluttonously or to satiety.</def>

<blockquote>Like three horses that have broken fence,
And <b>glutted</b> all night long breast-deep in corn.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glut</h1>
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<hw>Glut</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is swallowed.</def>

<i>Milton</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Plenty, to satiety or repletion; a full supply; hence, often, a supply beyond sufficiency or to loathing; over abundance; <as>as, a <ex>glut</ex> of the market</as>.</def>
<-- "of", not "on" the market! -->

<blockquote>A <b>glut</b> of those talents which raise men to eminence.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Something that fills up an opening; a clog.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A wooden wedge used in splitting blocks.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A piece of wood used to fill up behind cribbing or tubbing. <spn>Raymond</spn>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Bricklaying)</fld> <def>A bat, or small piece of brick, used to fill out a course. <i>Knight.</i></def> <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An arched opening to the ashpit of a klin.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A block used for a fulcrum.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The broad-nosed eel (<spn>Anguilla latirostris</spn>), found in Europe, Asia, the West Indies, etc.</def>

<h1>Glutaconic</h1>
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<hw>Glu`ta*con"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Glut</ets>aric + <ets>acon</ets>itic.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, an acid intermediate between glutaric and aconitic acids.</def>

<h1>Glut\'91us</h1>
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<hw>Glu*t\'91"us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Gluteal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The great muscle of the buttock in man and most mammals, and the corresponding muscle in many lower animals.</def>

<note>&hand; In man, the <i>glut\'91us</i> is composed of three distinct parts, which extend and abduct the thigh, and help support the body in standing.</note>

<h1>Glutamic</h1>
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<hw>Glu*tam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Glut</ets>en + <ets>-amic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to gluten.</def>

<cs><col>Glutamic acid</col>, <cd>a nitrogenous organic acid obtained from certain albuminoids, as gluten; -- called also <altname>amido-glutaric acid</altname>.</cd></cs><-- one of the natural L-alpha-amino acids found in many proteins <chform>C5H9NO4</chform>. -->

<h1>Glutaric</h1>
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<hw>Glu*tar"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Glut</ets>amic + tart<ets>aric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid so called; <as>as, <ex>glutaric</ex> ethers</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Glutaric acid</col>, <cd>an organic acid obtained as a white crystalline substance, isomeric with pyrotartaric acid; -- called also <altname>normal pyrotartaric acid</altname>.</cd></cs><-- one of the natural L-alpha-amino acids found in many proteins -->

<h1>Glutazine</h1>
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<hw>Glu"ta*zine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous substance, forming a heavy, sandy powder, white or nearly so. It is a derivative of pyridine.</def>

<h1>Gluteal</h1>
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<hw>Glu"te*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[G. <?/ rump, pl., the buttocks.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or in the region of, the glut\'91us.</def>

<h1>Gluten</h1>
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<hw>Glu"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., glue: cf. F. <ets>gluten</ets>. See <er>Glue</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The viscid, tenacious substance which gives adhesiveness to dough.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Gluten</i> is a complex and variable mixture of glutin or gliadin, vegetable fibrin, vegetable casein, oily material, etc., and ia a very nutritious element of food. It may be separated from the flour of grain by subjecting this to a current of water, the starch and other soluble matters being thus washed out.</note>

<cs><col>Gluten bread</col>, <cd>bread containing a large proportion of gluten; -- used in cases of diabetes.</cd> -- <col>Gluten casein</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a vegetable proteid found in the seeds of grasses, and extracted as a dark, amorphous, earthy mass.</cd> -- <col>Gluten fibrin</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a vegetable proteid found in the cereal grains, and extracted as an amorphous, brownish yellow substance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gluteus</h1>
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<hw>Glu*te"us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Glut&ae;us</er>.</def>

<h1>Glutin</h1>
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<hw>Glu"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gluten</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Same as <er>Gliadin</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sometimes synonymous with <er>Gelatin</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Glutinate</h1>
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<hw>Glu"ti*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Glutinated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Glutinating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>glutinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>glutinare</ets> to glue, fr. <ets>gluten</ets> glue.]</ety> <def>To unite with glue; to cement; to stick together.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Glutination</h1>
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<hw>Glu`ti*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glutinatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>glutination</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of uniting with glue; sticking together.</def>

<h1>Glutinative</h1>
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<hw>Glu"ti*na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glutinativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>glutinatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of cementing; tenacious; viscous; glutinous.</def>

<h1>Glutinosity</h1>
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<hw>Glu`ti*nos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>glutinosit\'82</ets> .]</ety> <def>The quality of being glutinous; viscousness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Glutinous</h1>
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<hw>Glu"ti*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>glutinosus</ets>, fr. <ets>gluten</ets> glue: cf. F. <ets>glutineux</ets>. See <er>Gluten</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of the nature of glue; resembling glue; viscous; viscid; adhesive; gluey.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Havig a moist and adhesive or sticky surface, as a leaf or gland.</def>

<h1>Glutinousness</h1>
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<hw>Glu"ti*nous*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being glutinous.</def>

<h1>Glutton</h1>
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<hw>Glut"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>glotoun</ets>, <ets>glotun</ets>, F. <ets>glouton</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gluto</ets>, <ets>glutto</ets>. See <er>Glut</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who eats voraciously, or to excess; a gormandizer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: One who gluts himself.</def>

<blockquote><b>Gluttons</b> in murder, wanton to destroy.
<i>Granville.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carnivorous mammal (<spn>Gulo luscus</spn>), of the family <spn>Mustelid\'91</spn>, about the size of a large badger. It was formerly believed to be inordinately voracious, whence the name; the wolverene. It is a native of the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia.</def>
<-- in 1996, spelled Wolverine, and spn = Gulo gulo -->

<cs><col>Glutton bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the giant fulmar (<spn>Ossifraga gigantea</spn>); -- called also <altname>Mother Carey's goose</altname>, and <altname>mollymawk</altname>.</cd></cs>
<-- glutton for punishment = one persistent in an effort in spite of harmful results -->

<h1>Glutton</h1>
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<hw>Glut"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gluttonous; greedy; gormandizing.</def> "<i>Glutton</i> souls."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>glutton</b> monastery in former ages makes a hungry ministry in our days.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glutton</h1>
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<hw>Glut"ton</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To glut; to eat voraciously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Gluttoned</b> at last, return at home to pine.
<i>Lovelace.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whereon in Egypt <b>gluttoning</b> they fed.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gluttonish</h1>
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<hw>Glut"ton*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gluttonous; greedy.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Gluttonize</h1>
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<hw>Glut"ton*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gluttonized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gluttonizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To eat to excess; to eat voraciously; to gormandize.</def>

<i>Hallywell.</i>

<h1>Gluttonous</h1>
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<hw>Glut"ton*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Given to gluttony; eating to excess; indulging the appetite; voracious; <as>as, a <ex>gluttonous</ex> age</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Glut"ton*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Glut"ton*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Gluttony</h1>
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<hw>Glut"ton*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gluttonies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>glotonie</ets>, OF. <ets>glotonie</ets>, <ets>gloutonnie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Excess in eating; extravagant indulgence of the appetite for food; voracity.</def>

<blockquote>Their sumptuous <b>gluttonies</b>, and gorgeous feasts.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glycerate</h1>
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<hw>Glyc"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of glyceric acid.</def>

<h1>Glyceric</h1>
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<hw>Gly*cer"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, glycerin.</def>

<cs><col>Glyceric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an organic acid, obtained by the partial oxidation of glycerin, as a thick liquid. It is a hydroxyl derivative of propionic acid, and has both acid and alcoholic properties.</cd></cs>

<h1>Glyceride</h1>
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<hw>Glyc"er*ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Glycerin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound ether (formed from <i>glycerin</i>). Some glycerides exist ready formed as natural fats, others are produced artificially.</def>

<mhw><h1>Glycerin, Glycerine</h1>
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<hw>Glyc"er*in</hw>, <hw>Glyc"er*ine</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>glyc\'82rine</ets>, fr. Gr. <grk>glykero`s</grk>, <grk>glyky`s</grk>, sweet. Cf. <er>Glucose</er>, <er>Licorice</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oily, viscous liquid, <chform>C3H5(OH)3</chform>, colorless and odorless, and with a hot, sweetish taste, existing in the natural fats and oils as the base, combined with various acids, as oleic, margaric, stearic, and palmitic. It is a triatomic alcohol, and hence is also called <altname>glycerol</altname>. See Note under <er>Gelatin</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; It is obtained from fats by saponification, or, on a large scale, by the action of superheated steam. It is used as an ointment, as a solvent and vehicle for medicines, and as an adulterant in wine, beer, etc.</note>

<h1>Glycerite</h1>
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<hw>Glyc"er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicinal preparation made by mixing or dissolving a substance in glycerin.</def>

<h1>Glycerol</h1>
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<hw>Glyc"er*ol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Glycerin</er>.</def>

<h1>Clycerole</h1>
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<hw>Clyc"er*ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>glyc\'82rol\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Glycerite</er>.</def>

<h1>Glyceryl</h1>
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<hw>Glyc"er*yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Glycer</ets>in + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound radical, <chform>C3H5</chform>, regarded as the essential radical of glycerin. It is metameric with allyl. Called also <altname>propenyl</altname>.</def>

<h1>Glycide</h1>
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<hw>Glyc"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Glyc</ets>eric + anhydr<ets>ide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless liquid, obtained from certain derivatives of glycerin, and regarded as a partially dehydrated glycerin; -- called also <altname>glycidic alcohol</altname>.</def>

<h1>Glycidic</h1>
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<hw>Gly*cid"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, glycide; <as>as, <ex>glycidic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Glycin</h1>
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<hw>Gly"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>glyky`s</grk> sweet.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Glycocoll</er>.</def>

<h1>Glycocholate</h1>
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<hw>Gly`co*cho"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Glyco</ets>coll + <ets>chol</ets>ic.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of glycocholic acid; <as>as, sodium <ex>glycocholate</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Glycocholic</h1>
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<hw>Gly`co*chol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or composed of, glycocoll and cholic acid.</def>

<cs><col>Glycocholic acid</col> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a conjugate acid, composed of glycocoll and cholic acid, present in bile in the form of a sodium salt. The acid commonly forms a resinous mass, but can be crystallized in long, white needles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Glycocin</h1>
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<hw>Gly"co*cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Glycoc</ets>oll + <ets>-in</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Glycocoll</er>.</def>

<h1>Glycocoll</h1>
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<hw>Gly"co*coll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>glyky`s</grk> sweet + <grk>ko`lla</grk> glue.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline, nitrogenous substance, with a sweet taste, formed from hippuric acid by boiling with hydrochloric acid, and present in bile united with cholic acid. It is also formed from gelatin by decomposition with acids. Chemically, it is amido-acetic acid. Called also <altname>glycin</altname>, and <altname>glycocin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Glycogen</h1>
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<hw>Gly"co*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sweet + <ets>-gen</ets>: cf. F. <ets>glycog\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, amorphous, tasteless substance resembling starch, soluble in water to an opalescent fluid. It is found abundantly in the liver of most animals, and in small quantity in other organs and tissues, particularly in the embryo. It is quickly changed into sugar when boiled with dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, and also by the action of amylolytic ferments.</def>
<-- polysaccharide, used as a sugar storage substance in animals -->

<h1>Glycogenic</h1>
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<hw>Gly`co*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or caused by, glycogen; <as>as, the <ex>glycogenic</ex> function of the liver</as>.</def>

<h1>Glycogeny, Glycogenesis</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gly*cog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gly`co*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The production or formation of sugar from gycogen, as in the liver.</def>

<h1>Glycol</h1>
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<hw>Gly"col</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Glycerin</ets> + <ets>-ol</ets>. See <er>Glycerin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A thick, colorless liquid, <chform>C2H4(OH)2</chform>, of a sweetish taste, produced artificially from certain ethylene compounds. It is a diacid alcohol, intermediate between ordinary ethyl alcohol and glycerin.</def> <-- usu. called ethylene glycol --><sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any one of the large class of diacid alcohols, of which glycol proper is the type.<-- diol --></def>

<h1>Glycolic</h1>
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<hw>Gly*col"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, glycol; <as>as, <ex>glycolic</ex> ether; <ex>glycolic</ex> acid.</as></def>

<cs><col>Glycolic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an organic acid, found naturally in unripe grapes and in the leaves of the wild grape (<spn>Ampelopsis quinquefolia</spn>), and produced artificially in many ways, as by the oxidation of <i>glycol<i>, -- whence its name. It is a sirupy, or white crystalline, substance, <chform>HO.CH2.CO2H</chform>, has the properties both of an alcohol and an acid, and is a type of the hydroxy acids; -- called also <altname>hydroxyacetic acid</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Glycolide</h1>
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<hw>Gly"co*lide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Glycol</ets> + anhydr<ets>ide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white amorphous powder, <chform>C4H4O</chform>, obtained by heating and dehydrating glycolic acid.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>glycollide</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Glycoluric</h1>
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<hw>Gly`co*lu"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Glycol</ets> + <ets>uric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, glycol and urea; <as>as, <ex>glycoluric</ex> acid, which is called also <ex>hydantoic acid</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Glycoluril</h1>
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<hw>Gly`co*lu"ril</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Glycol</ets>yl + <ets>ur</ets>ic.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, obtained by the reduction of allanto\'8bn.</def>

<h1>Glycolyl</h1>
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<hw>Gly"co*lyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Glycol</ets>ic + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A divalent, compound radical, <chform>CO.CH2</chform>, regarded as the essential radical of glycolic acid, and a large series of related compounds.</def>

<h1>Glyconian</h1>
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<hw>Gly*co"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Glyconic.</def>

<h1>Glyconic</h1>
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<hw>Gly*con"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a kind of verse, so called from its inventor, <ets>Glycon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Consisting of a spondee, a choriamb, and a pyrrhic; -- applied to a kind of verse in Greek and Latin poetry.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A glyconic verse.</def></def2>

<h1>Glyconin</h1>
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<hw>Gly"co*nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An emulsion of glycerin and the yolk of eggs, used as an ointment, as a vehicle for medicines, etc.</def>

<h1>Glycosine</h1>
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<hw>Gly"co*sine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An organic base, <chform>C6H6N4</chform>, produced artificially as a white, crystalline powder, by the action of ammonia on glyoxal.</def>

<h1>Glycosuria</h1>
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<hw>Gly`co*su"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Gluoosuria</er>.</def>

<h1>Glycyrrhiza</h1>
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<hw>Glyc`yr*rhi"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ sweet + <?/ root. Cf. <er>Licorice</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of papilionaceous herbaceous plants, one species of which (<spn>G. glabra</spn>), is the licorice plant, the roots of which have a bittersweet mucilaginous taste.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The root of <spn>Glycyrrhiza glabra</spn> (liquorice root), used as a demulcent, etc.</def>

<h1>Glycyrrhizimic</h1>
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<hw>Glyc`yr*rhi*zim"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>From, or pertaining to, glycyrrhizin; <as>as, <ex>glycyrrhizimic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Glycyrrhizin</h1>
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<hw>Gly*cyr"rhi*zin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>glycyrrhizine</ets>. See <er>Glycyrrhiza</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside found in licorice root (<spn>Glycyrrhiza</spn>), in monesia bark (<spn>Chrysophyllum</spn>), in the root of the walnut, etc., and extracted as a yellow, amorphous powder, of a bittersweet taste.</def>

<h1>Glyn, Glynne</h1>
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<hw><hw>Glyn</hw>, <hw>Glynne</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A glen. See <er>Glen</er>. <note>[<mark>Obs.</mark> singly, but occurring often in locative names in Ireland, as <i>Glen</i> does in Scotland.]</note></def>

<blockquote>He could not beat out the Irish, yet he did shut them up within those narrow corners and <b>glyns</b> under the mountain's foot.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Glyoxal</h1>
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<hw>Gly*ox"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gly</ets>col + <ets>ox</ets>alic + <ets>al</ets>dehyde.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, amorphous, deliquescent powder, <chform>(CO.H)2</chform>, obtained by the partial oxidation of glycol. It is a double aldehyde, between glycol and oxalic acid.</def>

<h1>Glyoxalic</h1>
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<hw>Gly`ox*al"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an aldehyde acid, intermediate between glycol and oxalic acid.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>glyoxylic</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Glyoxaline</h1>
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<hw>Gly*ox"a*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, organic base, <chform>C3H4N2</chform>, produced by the action of ammonia on glyoxal, and forming the origin of a large class of derivatives hence, any one of the series of which glyoxaline is a type; -- called also <altname>oxaline</altname>.</def>

<h1>Glyoxime</h1>
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<hw>Gly*ox"ime</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gly</ets>oxal + <ets>oxime</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, produced by the action of hydroxylamine on glyoxal, and belonging to the class of <i>oximes</i>; also, any one of a group of substances resembling glyoxime proper, and of which it is a type. See <er>Oxime</er>.</def>

<h1>Glyph</h1>
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<hw>Glyph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ carving, fr. <?/ to carve: cf. F. <ets>glyphe</ets>. Cf. <er>Cleave</er> to split.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A sunken channel or groove, usually vertical. See <er>Triglyph</er>.</def>

<h1>Glyphic</h1>
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<hw>Glyph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of or for carving.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to sculpture or carving of any sort, esp. to glyphs.</def>

<h1>Glyphograph</h1>
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<hw>Glyph"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A plate made by glyphography, or an impression taken from such a plate.</def>

<h1>Glyphographic</h1>
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<hw>Glyph`o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to glyphography.</def>

<h1>Glyphography</h1>
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<hw>Gly*phog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to engrave + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A process similar to etching, in which, by means of voltaic electricity, a raised copy of a drawing is made, so that it can be used to print from.</def>

<h1>Glyptic</h1>
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<hw>Glyp"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Glyph</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to gem engraving.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Figured; marked as with figures.</def>

<h1>Glyptics</h1>
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<hw>Glyp"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>glyptique</ets>. See <er>Glyph</er>.]</ety> <def>The art of engraving on precious stones.</def>

<h1>Glyptodon</h1>
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<hw>Glyp"to*don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ carved, engraved + <?/, <?/, tooth. See <er>Glyph</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct South American quaternary mammal, allied to the armadillos. It was as large as an ox, was covered with tessellated scales, and had fluted teeth.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<hr>
<page="634">
Page 634<p>

<h1>Glyptodont</h1>
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<hw>Glyp"to*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>One of a family (<spn>glyptodontid\'91</spn>) of extinct South American edentates, of which Glyptodon is the type. About twenty species are known.</def>

<h1>Glyptographic</h1>
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<hw>Glyp`to*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>glyptographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to glyptography, or the art of engraving on precious stones.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Glyptography</h1>
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<hw>Glyp*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ carved + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>glyptographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or process of engraving on precious stones.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Glyptotheca</h1>
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<hw>Glyp`to*the"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ carved + <?/ case, box.]</ety> <def>A building or room devoted to works of sculpture.</def>

<h1>Glyster</h1>
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<hw>Glys"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Clyster</er>.</def>

<h1>Gmelinite</h1>
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<hw>Gmel"in*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after the German chemist <ets>Gmelin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A rhombohedral zeolitic mineral, related in form and composition to chabazite.</def>

<h1>Gnaphalium</h1>
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<hw>Gna*pha"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Nl., from Gr. <?/ wool of the teasel.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of composite plants with white or colored dry and persistent involucres; a kind of everlasting.</def>

<h1>Gnar</h1>
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<hw>Gnar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>knarre</ets>, <ets>gnarre</ets>, akin to OD. <ets>knor</ets>, G. <ets>knorren</ets>. Cf. <er>Knar</er>, <er>Knur</er>, <er>Gnarl</er>.]</ety> <def>A knot or gnarl in wood; hence, a tough, thickset man; -- written also <i>gnarr</i>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>He was . . . a thick <b>gnarre</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gnar</h1>
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<hw>Gnar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gnarred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gnarring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Gnarl</er>.]</ety> <def>To gnarl; to snarl; to growl; -- written also <i>gnarr</i>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>At them he gan to rear his bristles strong,
And felly <b>gnarre</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A thousand wants
<b>Gnarr</b> at the heels of men.
<i>Tennison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gnarl</h1>
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<hw>Gnarl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gnarled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gnarling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From older <ets>gnar</ets>, prob. of imitative origin; cf. G. <ets>knarren</ets>, <ets>knurren</ets>. D. <ets>knorren</ets>, Sw. <ets>knorra</ets>, Dan. <ets>knurre</ets>.]</ety> <def>To growl; to snarl.</def>

<blockquote>And wolves are <b>gnarling</b> who shall gnaw thee first.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gnarl</h1>
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<hw>Gnarl</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gnar</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>a knot in wood; a large or hard knot, or a protuberance with twisted grain, on a tree.</def>

<h1>Gnarled</h1>
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<hw>Gnarled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Knotty; full of knots or gnarls; twisted; crossgrained.</def>

<blockquote>The unwedgeable and <b>gnarl\'82d</b> oak.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gnarly</h1>
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<hw>Gnarl"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of knots; knotty; twisted; crossgrained.</def>

<h1>Gnash</h1>
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<hw>Gnash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gnashed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gnashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gnasten</ets>, <ets>gnaisten</ets>, cf. Icel. <ets>gnastan</ets> a gnashing, <ets>gn<?/sta</ets> to gnash, Dan.<ets>knaske</ets>, Sw. <ets>gnissla</ets>, D. <ets>knarsen</ets>, G. <ets>knirschen</ets>.]</ety> <def>To strike together, as in anger or pain; <as>as, to <ex>gnash</ex> the teeth</as>.</def>

<h1>Gnash</h1>
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<hw>Gnash</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grind or strike the teeth together.</def>

<blockquote>There they him laid,
<b>Gnashing</b> for anguish, and despite, and shame.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gnashingly</h1>
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<hw>Gnash"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With gnashing.</def>

<h1>Gnat</h1>
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<hw>Gnat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gn\'91t</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A blood-sucking dipterous fly, of the genus <spn>Culex</spn>, undergoing a metamorphosis in water. The females have a proboscis armed with needlelike organs for penetrating the skin of animals. These are wanting in the males. In America they are generally called <i>mosquitoes</i>. See <er>Mosquito</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any fly resembling a Culex in form or habits; esp., in America, a small biting fly of the genus <spn>Simulium</spn> and allies, as the buffalo gnat, the black fly, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Gnat catcher</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of small American singing birds, of the genus <spn>Polioptila</spn>, allied to the kinglets.</cd> -- <col>Gnat flower</col>, <cd>the bee flower.</cd> -- <col>Gnat hawk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European goatsucker; -- called also <altname>gnat owl</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Gnat snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bird that catches gnats.</cd> -- <col>Gnat strainer</col>, <cd>a person ostentatiously punctilious about trifles. Cf. <i>Matt. xxiii. 24</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gnathic</h1>
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<hw>Gnath"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the jaw.</def>

<cs><col>Gnathic index</col>, <cd>in a skull, the ratio of the distance from the middle of the nasofrontal suture to the basion (taken equal to 100), to the distance from the basion to the middle of the front edge of the upper jaw; -- called also <altname>alveolar index</altname>.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Skulls with the <b>gnathic index</b> below 98 are orthognathous, from 98 to 103 mesognathous, and above 103 are prognathous.
<i>Flower.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gnathidium</h1>
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<hw>Gna*thid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gnathidia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ramus of the lower jaw of a bird as far as it is naked; -- commonly used in the plural.</def>

<h1>Gnathite</h1>
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<hw>Gnath"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of the mouth appendages of the Arthropoda. They are known as mandibles, maxill\'91, and maxillipeds.</def>

<h1>Gnathonic, Gnathonical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gna*thon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gna*thon"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Gnatho</ets>, name of a parasite in the "Eunuchus" of Terence, Gr. <?/; hence, a parasite in general.]</ety> <def>Flattering; deceitful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gnathopod</h1>
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<hw>Gnath"o*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the jaw + <ets>-pod</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A gnathopodite or maxilliped. See <er>Maxilliped</er>.</def>

<h1>Gnathopodite</h1>
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<hw>Gna*thop"o*dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l,)</fld> <def>Any leglike appendage of a crustacean, when modified wholly, or in part, to serve as a jaw, esp. one of the maxillipeds.</def>

<h1>Gnathastegite</h1>
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<hw>Gna*thas"te*gite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the jaw + <?/ a roof.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a pair of broad plates, developed from the outer maxillipeds of crabs, and forming a cover for the other mouth organs.</def>

<h1>Gnathostoma</h1>
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<hw>Gna*thos"to*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ the jaw + <?/, <?/, the mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A comprehensive division of vertebrates, including all that have distinct jaws, in contrast with the leptocardians and marsipobranchs (<spn>Cyclostoma</spn>), which lack them.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Gnathostomata</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Gnathotheca</h1>
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<hw>Gnath`o*the"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gnathothec\'92</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the jaw + <?/ a box.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The horney covering of the lower mandible of a bird.</def>

<h1>Gnatling</h1>
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<hw>Gnat"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small gnat.</def>

<h1>Gnatworm</h1>
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<hw>Gnat"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The aquatic larva of a gnat; -- called also, colloquially, <i>wiggler</i>.</def>

<h1>Gnaw</h1>
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<hw>Gnaw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gnawed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gnawing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gnawen</ets>, AS. <ets>gnagan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>knagen</ets>, OHG. <ets>gnagan</ets>, <ets>nagan</ets>, G. <ets>nagen</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>gnaga</ets>, Dan. <ets>gnave</ets>, <ets>nage</ets>. Cf. <er>Nag</er> to tease.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bite, as something hard or tough, which is not readily separated or crushed; to bite off little by little, with effort; to wear or eat away by scraping or continuous biting with the teeth; to nibble at.</def>

<blockquote>His bones clean picked; his very bones they <b>gnaw</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bite in agony or rage.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>gnawed</b> their tongues for pain.
<i>Rev. xvi. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To corrode; to fret away; to waste.</def>

<h1>Gnaw</h1>
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<hw>Gnaw</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To use the teeth in biting; to bite with repeated effort, as in eating or removing with the teethsomething hard, unwiedly, or unmanageable.</def>

<blockquote>I might well, like the spaniel, <b>gnaw</b> upon the chain that ties me.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gnawer</h1>
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<hw>Gnaw"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, gnaws.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rodent.</def>

<h1>Gneiss</h1>
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<hw>Gneiss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A crystalline rock, consisting, like granite, of quartz, feldspar, and mica, but having these materials, especially the mica, arranged in planes, so that it breaks rather easily into coarse slabs or flags. Hornblende sometimes takes the place of the mica, and it is then called <stype>hornblendic &or; syenitic gneiss</stype>. Similar varieties of related rocks are also called gneiss.</def>

<h1>Gneissic</h1>
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<hw>Gneis"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or resembling, gneiss; consisting of gneiss.</def>

<h1>Gneissoid</h1>
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<hw>Gneis"soid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gneiss</ets>+ <ets>-old</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling gneiss; having some of the characteristics of gneiss; -- applied to rocks of an intermediate character between granite and gneiss, or mica slate and gneiss.</def>

<h1>Gneissose</h1>
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<hw>Gneis"sose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the structure of gneiss.</def>

<h1>Gnew</h1>
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<hw>Gnew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Gnaw</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gnide</h1>
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<hw>Gnide</hw> <tt>(n&imac;d)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gn&imac;dan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To rub; to bruise; to break in pieces.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; This word is found in Tyrwhitt's Chaucer, but improperly. The woed, though common in Old English, does not occur in Chaucer.</note>

<i>T. R. Lounsbury.</i>

<h1>Gnof</h1>
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<hw>Gnof</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Churl; curmudgeon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gnome</h1>
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<hw>Gnome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gnome</ets>, prob. fr. Gr. <?/ one that knows, a guardian, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., of the treasures in the inner parts of the earth, or fr. <?/ intelligence, both fr. <?/, <?/, to know. See <er>Know</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An imaginary being, supposed by the Rosicrucians to inhabit the inner parts of the earth, and to be the guardian of mines, quarries, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dwarf; a goblin; a person of small stature or misshapen features, or of strange appearance.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small owl (<spn>Glaucidium gnoma</spn>) of the Western United States.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A brief reflection or maxim.</def>

<i>Peacham.</i>

<h1>Gnomic, Gnomical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gnom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gnom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>gnomique</ets>. See <er>Gnome</er> maxim.]</ety> <def>Sententious; uttering or containing maxims, or striking detached thoughts; aphoristic.</def>

<blockquote>A city long famous as the seat of elegiac and <b>gnomic</b> poetry.
<i>G. R. Lewes.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Gnomic Poets</col>, <cd>Greek poets, as Theognis and Solon, of the sixth century <sc>B. C.</sc>, whose writings consist of short sententious precepts and reflections.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gnomical</h1>
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<hw>Gnom"ic*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gnomon</er>.]</ety> <def>Gnomonical.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Gnomically</h1>
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<hw>Gnom"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a gnomic, didactic, or sententious manner.</def>

<h1>Gnomologic, Gnomological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gno`mo*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gno`mo*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, of the nature of, or resembling, a gnomology.</def>

<h1>Gnomology</h1>
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<hw>Gno*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ judgment, maxim + <?/ discourse: cf. F. <ets>gnomologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A collection of, or a treatise on, maxims, grave sentences, or reflections.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Gnomon</h1>
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<hw>Gno"mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gnomon</ets>, Gr. <?/ one that knows, the index of a sundial. See <er>Gnome</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Dialing)</fld> <def>The style or pin, which by its shadow, shows the hour of the day. It is usually set parallel to the earth's axis.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A style or column erected perpendicularly to the horizon, formerly used in astronomocal observations. Its principal use was to find the altitude of the sun by measuring the length of its shadow.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The space included between the boundary lines of two similar parallelograms, the one within the other, with an angle in common; <as>as, the <ex>gnomon</ex> <it>bcdefg</it> of the parallelograms <it>ac</it> and <it>af</it></as>. The parallelogram <it>bf</it> is the complement of the parallelogram <it>df.</it></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The index of the hour circle of a globe.</def>

<h1>Gnomonic, Gnomonical</h1>
<Xpage=634>

<hw><hw>Gno*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gno*mon"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gnomonicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>gnomonique</ets>. See <er>Gnomon</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the gnomon, or the art of dialing.</def>

<cs><col>Gnomonic projection</col>, <cd>a projection of the circles of the sphere, in which the point of sight is taken at the center of the sphere, and the principal plane is tangent to the surface of the sphere. "The <i>gnomonic projection<i> derives its name from the connection between the methods of describing it and those for the construction of a gnomon or dial." <i>Cyc. of Arts & Sciences</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gnomonically</h1>
<Xpage=634>

<hw>Gno*mon"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to the principles of the gnomonic projection.</def>

<h1>Gnomonics</h1>
<Xpage=634>

<hw>Gno*mon"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gnomonic</er>.]</ety> <def>The art or science of dialing, or of constructing dials to show the hour of the day by the shadow of a gnomon.</def>

<h1>Gnomonist</h1>
<Xpage=634>

<hw>Gno"mon*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in gnomonics.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Gnomonology</h1>
<Xpage=634>

<hw>Gno`mon*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gnomon</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>. Cf. <er>Gnomonology</er>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on gnomonics.</def>

<h1>Gnoscopine</h1>
<Xpage=634>

<hw>Gnos"co*pine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>gignw`skein</grk> to know + E. <ets>opium</ets>?]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid existing in small quantities in opium.</def>

<h1>Gnosis</h1>
<Xpage=634>

<hw>Gno"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gnw^sis</grk>.]</ety> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The deeper wisdom; knowledge of spiritual truth, such as was claimed by the Gnostics.</def>

<h1>Gnostic</h1>
<Xpage=634>

<hw>Gnos"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Knowing; wise; shrewd.</def> <mark>[Old Slang]</mark>

<blockquote>I said you were a <b>gnostic</b> fellow.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to Gnosticism or its adherents; <as>as, the <ex>Gnostic</ex> heresy</as>.</def>

<h1>Gnostic</h1>
<Xpage=634>

<hw>Gnos"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gnosticus</ets>, Gr. <?/ good at knowing, sagacious; as a n., man that claims to have a deeper wisdom, fr. <grk>gignw`skein</grk> to know: cf. F. <ets>gnostique</ets>. See <er>Know</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the so-called philosophers in the first ages of Christianity, who claimed a true philosophical interpretation of the Christian religion. Their system combined Oriental theology and Greek philosophy with the doctrines of Christianity. They held that all natures, intelligible, intellectual, and material, are derived from the Deity by successive emanations, which they called <i>Eons</i>.</def>

<h1>Gnosticism</h1>
<Xpage=634>

<hw>Gnos"ti*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The system of philosophy taught by the Gnostics.</def>

<h1>Gnow</h1>
<Xpage=634>

<hw>Gnow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <tt>imp.</tt> <mord>of <er>Gnaw</er></mord>. <def>Gnawed.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gnu</h1>
<Xpage=634>

<hw>Gnu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hottentot <ets>gnu</ets>, or <ets>nju</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gnou</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of two species of large South African antelopes of the genus <spn>Catoblephas</spn>, having a mane and bushy tail, and curved horns in both sexes.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gnoo</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; The <i>common gnu</i> or <i>wildebeest</i> (<spn>Catoblephas gnu</spn>) is plain brown; the <i>brindled gnu</i> or <i>blue wildebeest</i> (<spn>C. gorgon</spn>) is larger, with transverse stripes of black on the neck and shoulders.</note>

<h1>Go</h1>
<Xpage=634>

<hw>Go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <tt>p. p.</tt> <mord>of <er>Go</er></mord>. <def>Gone.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Go</h1>
<Xpage=634>

<hw>Go</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Went</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Gone</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Going</er>. <i>Went</i> comes from the AS, <i>wendan</i>. See <er>Wend</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gan</ets>, gon, AS. <ets>g\'ben</ets>, akin to D. <ets>gaan</ets>, G. <ets>gehn</ets>, <ets>gehen</ets>, OHG. <ets>g<?/n</ets>, <ets>g\'ben</ets>, SW. <ets>g&adeg;</ets>, Dan. <ets>gaae</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ to reach, overtake, Skr. <ets>h\'be</ets> to go, AS. <ets>gangan</ets>, and E. <ets>gang</ets>. The past tense in AS., <ets>eode</ets>, is from the root <ets>i</ets> to go, as is also Goth. <ets>iddja</ets> went. &root;47<it>a</it>.  Cf. <er>Gang</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, <er>Wend</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To pass from one place to another; to be in motion; to be in a state not motionless or at rest; to proced; to advance; to make progress; -- used, in various applications, of the movement of both animate and inanimate beings, by whatever means, and also of the movements of the mind; also figuratively applied.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move upon the feet, or step by step; to walk; also, to walk step by step, or leisurely.</def>

<note>&hand; In old writers <i>go</i> is much used as opposed to <i>run</i>, or <i>ride</i>. "Whereso I <i>go</i> or <i>ride</i>."</note>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>You know that love
Will creep in service where it can not <b>go</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou must run to him; for thou hast staid so long that <b>going</b> will scarce serve the turn.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He fell from running to <b>going</b>, and from <b>going</b> to clambering upon his hands and his knees.
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In Chaucer <i>go</i> is used frequently with the pronoun in the objective used reflexively; as, he <i>goeth</i> him home.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be passed on fron one to another; to pass; to circulate; hence, with <i>for</i>, to have currency; to be taken, accepted, or regarded.</def>

<blockquote>The man <b>went</b> among men for an old man in the days of Saul.
<i>1 Sa. xvii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[The money] should <b>go</b> according to its true value.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To proceed or happen in a given manner; to fare; to move on or be carried on; to have course; to come to an issue or result; to succeed; to turn out.</def>

<blockquote>How <b>goes</b> the night, boy ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I think, as the world <b>goes</b>, he was a good sort of man enough.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whether the cause <b>goes</b> for me or against me, you must pay me the reward.
<i>I Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To proceed or tend toward a result, consequence, or product; to tend; to conduce; to be an ingredient; to avail; to apply; to contribute; -- often with the infinitive; <as>as, this <ex>goes</ex> to show</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Against right reason all your counsels <b>go</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To master the foul flend there <b>goeth</b> some complement knowledge of theology.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To apply one's self; to set one's self; to undertake.</def>

<blockquote>Seeing himself confronted by so many, like a resolute orator, he <b>went</b> not to denial, but to justify his cruel falsehood.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Go</i>, in this sense, is often used in the present participle with the auxiliary verb <i>to be</i>, before an infinitive, to express a future of intention, or to denote design; as, I was <i>going</i> to say; I am <i>going</i> to begin harvest.</note>

<hr>
<page="635">
Page 635<p>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To proceed by a mental operation; to pass in mind or by an act of the memory or imagination; -- generally with <i>over</i> or <i>through</i>.</def>

<blockquote>By <b>going</b> over all these particulars, you may receive some tolerable satisfaction about this great subject.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To be with young; to be pregnant; to gestate.</def>

<blockquote>The fruit she <b>goes</b> with,
I pray for heartily, that it may find
Good time, and live.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To move from the person speaking, or from the point whence the action is contemplated; to pass away; to leave; to depart; -- in opposition to <i>stay</i> and <i>come</i>.</def>

<blockquote>I will let you <b>go</b>, that ye may sacrifice to the Lord your God; . . . only ye shall not <b>go</b> very far away.
<i>Ex. viii. 28.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To pass away; to depart forever; to be lost or ruined; to perish; to decline; to decease; to die.</def>

<blockquote>By Saint George, he's <b>gone</b>!
That spear wound hath our master sped.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>To reach; to extend; to lead; <as>as, a line <ex>goes</ex> across the street; his land <ex>goes</ex> to the river; this road <ex>goes</ex> to New York.</as></def>

<blockquote>His amorous expressions <b>go</b> no further than virtue may allow.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>To have recourse; to resort; <as>as, to <ex>go</ex> to law</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Go</i> is used, in combination with many prepositions and adverbs, to denote motion of the kind indicated by the preposition or adverb, in which, and not in the verb, lies the principal force of the expression; as, to <i>go against</i> to <i>go into</i>, to <i>go out</i>, to <i>go aside</i>, to <i>go astray</i>, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Go to</col>, <cd>come; move; go away; -- a phrase of exclamation, serious or ironical.</cd> -- <col>To go a-begging</col>, <cd>not to be in demand; to be undesired.</cd> -- <col>To go about</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To set about; to enter upon a scheme of action; to undertake. "They <i>went about<i> to slay him."</cd>

<i>Acts ix. 29.</i>

<blockquote>They never <b>go about</b> . . . to hide or palliate their vices.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To tack; to turn the head of a ship; to wear.</cd> -- <col>To go abraod</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To go to a foreign country.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To go out of doors.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To become public; to be published or disclosed; to be current.</cd>

<blockquote>Then <b>went</b> this saying <b>abroad</b> among the brethren.
<i>John xxi. 23.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To go against</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To march against; to attack.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be in opposition to; to be disagreeable to.</cd> -- <col>To go ahead</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To go in advance.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To go on; to make progress; to proceed.</cd> -- <col>To go and come</col>. <cd>See <cref>To come and go</cref>, under <er>Come</er>.</cd> -- <col>To go aside</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To withdraw; to retire.</cd>

<blockquote>He . . . <b>went aside</b> privately into a desert place.
<i>Luke. ix. 10.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To go from what is right; to err.</cd> <i>Num. v. 29.</i>-- <col>To go back on</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To retrace (one's path or footsteps).</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To abandon; to turn against; to betray. <mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark></cd> -- <col>To go below</col> <sd>(Naut)</sd>, <cd>to go below deck.</cd> -- <col>To go between</col>, <cd>to interpose or mediate between; to be a secret agent between parties; in a bad sense, to pander.</cd> -- <col>To go beyond</col>. <cd>See under <er>Beyond</er>.</cd> -- <col>To go by</col>, <cd>to pass away unnoticed; to omit.</cd> -- <col>To go by the board</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to fall or be carried overboard; as, the mast <i>went by the board</i>.</cd> -- <col>To go down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To descend.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To go below the horizon; as, the sun has <i>gone down</i>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To sink; to founder; -- said of ships, etc.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To be swallowed; -- used literally or figuratively. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd>

<blockquote>Nothing so ridiculous, . . . but it <b>goes down</b> whole with him for truth.
<i>L' Estrange.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To go far</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To go to a distance.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To have much weight or influence.</cd> -- <col>To go for</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To go in quest of.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To represent; to pass for.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To favor; to advocate.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To attack; to assault.</cd> <mark>[Low]</mark> <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To sell for; to be parted with for (a price).</cd> -- <col>To go for nothing</col>, <cd>to be parted with for no compensation or result; to have no value, efficacy, or influence; to count for nothing.</cd> -- <col>To go forth</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To depart from a place.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be divulged or made generally known; to emanate.</cd>

<blockquote>The law shall <b>go forth</b> of Zion, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem.
<i>Micah iv. 2.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To go hard with</col>, <cd>to trouble, pain, or endanger.</cd> -- <col>To go in</col>, <cd>to engage in; to take part. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> -- <col>To go in and out</col>, <cd>to do the business of life; to live; to have free access. <i>John x. 9</i>.</cd> -- <col>To go in for</col>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To go for; to favor or advocate (a candidate, a measure, etc.).</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To seek to acquire or attain to (wealth, honor, preferment, etc.)</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To complete for (a reward, election, etc.).</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To make the object of one's labors, studies, etc.</cd>

<blockquote>He was as ready <b>to go in for</b> statistics as for anything else.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

-- <mcol><col>To go in to</col> &or; <col>unto</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To enter the presence of.</cd> <i>Esther iv. 16.</i><sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To have sexual intercourse with. <mark>[Script.]</mark></cd> -- <col>To go into</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To speak of, investigate, or discuss (a question, subject, etc.).</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To participate in (a war, a business, etc.).</cd> -- <col>To go large</col>. <sd>(Naut)</sd> <cd>See under <er>Large</er>.</cd> -- <col>To go off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To go away; to depart.</cd>

<blockquote>The leaders . . . will not <b>go off</b> until they hear you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To cease; to intermit; as, this sickness <i>went off</i>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To die.</cd> <i>Shak</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To explode or be discharged; -- said of gunpowder, of a gun, a mine, etc.</cd> <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To find a purchaser; to be sold or disposed of.</cd> <sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To pass off; to take place; to be accomplished.</cd>

<blockquote>The wedding <b>went off</b> much as such affairs do.
<i>Mrs. Caskell.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To go on</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To proceed; to advance further; to continue; as, <i>to go on</i> reading.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be put or drawn on; to fit over; as, the coat will not <i>go on</i>.</cd> -- <col>To go all fours</col>, <cd>to correspond exactly, point for point.</cd>

<blockquote>It is not easy to make a simile <b>go on all fours</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To go out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To issue forth from a place.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To go abroad; to make an excursion or expedition.</cd>

<blockquote>There are other men fitter <b>to go out</b> than I.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What <b>went</b> ye <b>out</b> for to see ?
<i>Matt. xi. 7, 8, 9.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To become diffused, divulged, or spread abroad, as news, fame etc.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To expire; to die; to cease; to come to an end; as, the light has <i>gone out</i>.</cd>

<blockquote>Life itself <b>goes out</b> at thy displeasure.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To go over</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To traverse; to cross, as a river, boundary, etc.; to change sides.</cd>

<blockquote>I must not <b>go over</b> Jordan.
<i>Deut. iv. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let me <b>go over</b>, and see the good land that is beyond Jordan.
<i>Deut. iii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ishmael . . . departed <b>to go over</b> to the Ammonites.
<i>Jer. xli. 10.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To read, or study; to examine; to review; as, <i>to go over</i> one's accounts.</cd>

<blockquote>If we <b>go over</b> the laws of Christianity, we shall find that . . . they enjoin the same thing.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To transcend; to surpass.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To be postponed; as, the bill <i>went over</i> for the session.</cd> <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>To be converted (into a specified substance or material); as, monoclinic sulphur <i>goes over</i> into orthorhombic, by standing; sucrose <i>goes over</i> into dextrose and levulose.</cd> -- <col>To go through</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To accomplish; as, <i>to go through</i> a work.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To suffer; to endure to the end; as, <i>to go through</i> a surgical operation or a tedious illness.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To spend completely; to exhaust, as a fortune.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To strip or despoil (one) of his property.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To botch or bungle a business.</cd> <mark>[Scot.]</mark> -- <col>To go through with</col>, <cd>to perform, as a calculation, to the end; to complete.</cd> -- <col>To go to ground</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To escape into a hole; -- said of a hunted fox.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To fall in battle.</cd> -- <col>To go to naught</col> (<mark>Colloq</mark>.), <cd>to prove abortive, or unavailling.</cd> -- <col>To go under</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To set; -- said of the sun.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be known or recognized by (a name, title, etc.</cd>). <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To be overwhelmed, submerged, or defeated; to perish; to succumb.</cd> -- <col>To go up</col>, <cd>to come to nothing; to prove abortive; to fail.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>To go upon</col>, <cd>to act upon, as a foundation or hypothesis.</cd> -- <col>To go with</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To accompany.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To coincide or agree with.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To suit; to harmonize with.</cd> -- <col>To go</col> (<col>well</col>, <col>ill</col>, &or; <col>hard</col>) <col>with</col>, <cd>to affect (one) in such manner.</cd> -- <col>To go without</col>, <cd>to be, or to remain, destitute of.</cd> -- <col>To go wrong</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To take a wrong road or direction; to wander or stray.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To depart from virtue.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To happen unfortunately.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To miss success.</cd> -- <col>To let go</col>, <cd>to allow to depart; to quit one's hold; to release.</cd>

<h1>Go</h1>
<Xpage=635>

<hw>Go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take, as a share in an enterprise; to undertake or become responsible for; to bear a part in.</def>

<blockquote>They to <b>go</b> equal shares in the booty.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bet or wager; <as>as, I'll <ex>go</ex> you a shilling</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>To go halves</col>, <cd>to share with another equally.</cd> -- ><col>To go it</col>, <cd>to behave in a wild manner; to be uproarious; to carry on; also, to proceed; to make progress.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To go it alone</col></mcol> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld>, <cd>to play a hand without the assistance of one's partner.<-- to do anything without the assistance of one's former associates --></cd> -- <col>To go it blind</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To act in a rash, reckless, or headlong manner. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <cd>To bet without having examined the cards.<-- = to bet in the blind --></cd> -- <col>To go one's way</col>, <cd>to set forth; to depart.</cd></cs>

<h1>Go</h1>
<Xpage=635>

<hw>Go</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act; working; operation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So gracious were the <b>goes</b> of marriage.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A circumstance or occurrence; an incident.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<blockquote>This is a pretty <b>go</b>.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The fashion or mode; <as>as, quite the <ex>go</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Noisy merriment; <as>as, a high <ex>go</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A glass of spirits.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Power of going or doing; energy; vitality; perseverance; push; <as>as, there is no <ex>go</ex> in him</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Cribbage)</fld> <def>That condition in the course of the game when a player can not lay down a card which will not carry the aggregate count above thirty-one.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Great go</col>, <col>Little go</col></mcol>, <cd>the final and the preliminary examinations for a degree.</cd> <mark>[Slang, Eng. Univ.]</mark> -- <col>No go</col>, <cd>a failure; a fiasco. <mark>[Slang]</mark> <i>Thackeray</i>.</cd> -- <col>On the go</col>, <cd>moving about; unsettled. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Goa</h1>
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<hw>Go"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of antelope (<spn>Procapra picticauda</spn>), inhabiting Thibet.</def>

<h1>Goad</h1>
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<hw>Goad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>g\'bed</ets>; perh. akin to AS. <ets>g\'ber</ets> a dart, and E. <ets>gore</ets>. See <er>Gore</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A pointed instrument used to urge on a beast; hence, any necessity that urges or stimulates.</def>

<blockquote>The daily <b>goad</b> urging him to the daily toil.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Goad</h1>
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<hw>Goad</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Goaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Goading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To prick; to drive with a goad; hence, to urge forward, or to rouse by anything pungent, severe, irritating, or inflaming; to stimulate.</def>

<blockquote>That temptation that doth <b>goad</b> us on.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To urge; stimulate; excite; arouse; irritate; incite; instigate.</syn>

<h1>Goaf</h1>
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<hw>Goaf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>; <plu>n</i>.; <i>pl. <plw>Goafs</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> or <plw>Goaves</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. lst <er>Gob</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>That part of a mine from which the mineral has been partially or wholly removed; the waste left in old workings; -- called also <altname>gob</altname> .</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To work the goaf</col> &or; <col>gob</col></mcol>, <cd>to remove the pillars of mineral matter previously left to support the roof, and replace them with props. <i>Ure</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Goal</h1>
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<hw>Goal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gaule</ets> pole, Prov. F. <ets>waule</ets>, of German origin; cf. Fries. <ets>walu</ets> staff, stick, rod, Goth. <ets>walus</ets>, Icel. <ets>v\'94lr</ets> a round stick; prob. akin to E. <ets>wale</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The mark set to bound a race, and to or around which the constestants run, or from which they start to return to it again; the place at which a race or a journey is to end.</def>

<blockquote>Part curb their fiery steeds, or shun the <b>goal</b>
With rapid wheels.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The final purpose or aim; the end to which a design tends, or which a person aims to reach or attain.</def>

<blockquote>Each individual seeks a several <b>goal</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A base, station, or bound used in various games; in football, a line between two posts across which the ball must pass in order to score; also, the act of kicking the ball over the line between the goal posts.</def>

<cs><col>Goal keeper</col>, <cd>the player charged with the defense of the goal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Goa powder</h1>
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<hw>Go"a pow"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[So called from <ets>Goa</ets>, on the Malabar coast, whither it was shipped from Portugal.]</ety> <def>A bitter powder (also called <altname>araroba</altname>) found in the interspaces of the wood of a Brazilian tree (<spn>Andira araroba</spn>) and used as a medicine. It is the material from which chrysarobin is obtained.</def>

<h1>Goar</h1>
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<hw>Goar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as lst <er>Gore</er>.</def>

<h1>Goarish</h1>
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<hw>Goar"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Patched; mean.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl. </i>

<h1>Goat</h1>
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<hw>Goat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE <ets>goot</ets>, <ets>got</ets>, <ets>gat</ets>, AS. <ets>g\'bet</ets>; akin to D. <ets>geit</ets>, OHG. <ets>geiz</ets>, G. <ets>geiss</ets>, Icel. <ets>geit</ets>, Sw. <ets>get</ets>, Dan. <ets>ged</ets>, Goth. <ets>gaits</ets>, L. <ets>haedus</ets> a young goat, kid.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hollow-horned ruminant of the genus <spn>Capra</spn>, of several species and varieties, esp. the domestic goat (<spn>C. hircus</spn>), which is raised for its milk, flesh, and skin.</def>

<note>&hand; The Cashmere and Angora varieties of the goat have long, silky hair, used in the manufacture of textile fabrics. The wild or bezoar goat (<spn>Capra \'91gagrus</spn>), of Asia Minor, noted for the bezoar stones found in its stomach, is supposed to be one of the ancestral species ofthe domestic goat. The Rocky Montain goat (<spn>Haplocercus montanus</spn>) is more nearly related to the antelopes. See <er>Mazame</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Goat antelope</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of antelopes, which in some respects resemble a goat, having recurved horns, a stout body, large hoofs, and a short, flat tail, as the goral, thar, mazame, and chikara.</cd> -- <col>Goat fig</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the wild fig.</cd> -- <col>Goat house</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A place for keeping goats.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A brothel.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Goat moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any moth of the genus <spn>Cossus</spn>, esp. the large European species (<spn>C. ligniperda</spn>), the larva of which burrows in oak and willow trees, and requires three years to mature. It exhales an odor like that of the he-goat.</cd> -- <col>Goat weed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a scrophulariaceous plant, of the genus <spn>Capraria</spn> (<spn>C. biflora</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Goat's bane</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a poisonous plant (<spn>Aconitum Lucoctonum</spn>), bearing pale yellow flowers, introduced from Switzerland into England; wolfsbane.</cd> -- <col>Goat's beard</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Tragopogon</spn>; -- so named from the long silky beard of the seeds. One species is the salsify or oyster plant.</cd> -- <col>Goat's foot</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of wood sorrel (<spn>Oxalis caprina</spn>) growing at the Cape of Good Hope.</cd> -- <col>Goat's rue</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leguminous plant (<spn>Galega officinalis</spn> of Europe, or <spn>Tephrosia Virginiana</spn> in the United States).</cd> -- <col>Goat's thorn</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a thorny leguminous plant (<spn>Astragalus Tragacanthus</spn>), found in the Levant.</cd> -- <col>Goat's wheat</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the genus <spn>Tragopyrum</spn> (now referred to <spn>Atraphaxis</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Goatee</h1>
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<hw>Goat`ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A part of a man's beard on the chin or lower lip which is allowed to grow, and trimmed so as to resemble the beard of a goat.</def>

<h1>Goatfish</h1>
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<hw>Goat"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the genus <spn>Upeneus</spn>, inhabiting the Gulf of Mexico. It is allied to the surmullet.</def>

<h1>Goatherd</h1>
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<hw>Goat"herd`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who tends goats.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Goatish</h1>
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<hw>Goat"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characteristic of a goat; goatlike.</def>

<blockquote>Give your chaste body up to the embraces
Of <b>goatish</b> lust.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Goat"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Goat"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Goatlike</h1>
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<hw>Goat"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a goat; goatish.</def>

<h1>Goatskin</h1>
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<hw>Goat"skin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The skin of a goat, or leather made from it.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of the skin of a goat.</def></def2>

<h1>Goatsucker</h1>
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<hw>Goat"suck`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of insectivorous birds, belonging to <spn>Caprimulgus</spn> and allied genera, esp. the European species (<spn>Caprimulgus Europ\'91us</spn>); -- so called from the mistaken notion that it sucks goats. The European species is also <i>goat-milker</i>, <i>goat owl</i>, <i>goat chaffer</i>, <i>fern owl</i>, <i>night hawk</i>, <i>nightjar</i>, <i>night churr</i>, <i>churr-owl</i>, <i>gnat hawk</i>, and <i>dorhawk</i> .</def>

<h1>Goaves</h1>
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<hw>Goaves</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Goaf</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Old workings. See <er>Goaf</er>.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Gob</h1>
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<hw>Gob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Goaf</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Goaf</er>.</def>

<h1>Gob</h1>
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<hw>Gob</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>gob</ets> morsel; cf. F. <ets>gobe</ets>, <ets>gobbe</ets>, a poisoned morsel, poison ball, <ets>gobet</ets> a piece swallowed, <ets>gober</ets> to swallow greedily and without tasting; cf. Gael. & Ir. <ets>gob</ets> mouth, snout, W. <ets>gwp</ets> a bird's head and neck. Cf. <er>Gobble</er>, <er>Job</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little mass or collection; a small quantity; a mouthful.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The mouth.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.or Low]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Gobbet</h1>
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<hw>Gob"bet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. & F. <ets>gobet</ets>. See 2d <er>Gob</er>.]</ety> <def>A mouthful; a lump; a small piece.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>[He] had broken the stocks to small <b>gobbets</b>.
<i>Wyclif.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gobbet</h1>
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<hw>Gob"bet</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To swallow greedily; to swallow in gobbets.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Gobbetly</h1>
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<hw>Gob"bet*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In pieces.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Huloet.</i>

<h1>Gobbing</h1>
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<hw>Gob"bing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See lst <er>Gob</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The refuse thrown back into the excavation after removing the coal</def>. It is called also <altname>gob stuff</altname>.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The process of packing with waste rock; stowing</def>.

<h1>Gobble</h1>
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<hw>Gob"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gobbled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gobbling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of 2d <ets>gob</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To swallow or eat greedily or hastily; to gulp.</def>

<blockquote>Supper <b>gobbled</b> up in haste.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To utter (a sound) like a turkey cock.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . <b>gobbles</b> out a note of self-approbation.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To gobble up</col>, <cd>to capture in a mass or in masses; to capture suddenly. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Gobble</h1>
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<hw>Gob"ble</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To eat greedily.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a noise like that of a turkey cock.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Gobble</h1>
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<hw>Gob"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A noise made in the throat.</def>

<blockquote>Ducks and geese . . . set up a discordant <b>gobble</b>.
<i>Mrs. Gore.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gobbler</h1>
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<hw>Gob"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A turkey cock; a bubbling Jock.</def>

<h1>Gobelin</h1>
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<hw>Gob"e*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to tapestry produced in the so-called <i>Gobelin</i> works, which have been maintained by the French Government since 1667.</def>

<h1>Gobemouche</h1>
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<hw>Gobe`mouche"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Literally, a fly swallower; hence, once who keeps his mouth open; a boor; a silly and credulous person.</def>

<h1>Gobet</h1>
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<hw>Gob"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gobbet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Go-between</h1>
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<hw>Go"-be*tween`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An intermediate agent; a broker; a procurer; -- usually in a disparaging sense.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gobioid</h1>
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<hw>Go"bi*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Gobius + -oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or pertaining to, the goby, or the genus <spn>Gobius</spn>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A gobioid fish.</def></def2>

<h1>Goblet</h1>
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<hw>Gob"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gobelet</ets>, LL. <ets>gobeletus</ets>, <ets>gobellus</ets>; cf. L. <ets>cupa</ets> tub, cask. See <er>Cupel</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of cup or drinking vessel having a foot or standard, but without a handle.</def>

<blockquote>We love not loaded boards and <b>goblets</b> crowned.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Goblin</h1>
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<hw>Gob"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gobelin</ets>, F. <ets>gobelin</ets>, LL. <ets>gobelinus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ knave, a mischievous goblin; or cf. G. <ets>kobold</ets>, E. <ets>kobold</ets>, <ets>cobalt</ets>, Armor. <ets>gobilin</ets> an ignis fatuus, goblin.]</ety> <def>An evil or mischievous spirit; a playful or malicious elf; a frightful phantom; a gnome.</def>

<blockquote>To whom the <b>goblin</b>, full of wrath, replied.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="636">
Page 636<p>

<h1>Gobline</h1>
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<hw>Gob"line`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of the ropes or chains serving as stays for the dolphin striker or the bowsprit; -- called also <altname>gobrope</altname> and <altname>gaubline</altname>.</def>

<h1>Goblinize</h1>
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<hw>Gob"lin*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To transform into a goblin.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Goby</h1>
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<hw>Go"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gobies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>gobie</ets>, L. <ets>gobius</ets>, <ets>gobio</ets>, Gr. <?/ Cf. <er>Gudgeon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of small marine fishes of the genus <spn>Gobius</spn> and allied genera.</def>

<h1>Go-by</h1>
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<hw>Go"-by`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A passing without notice; intentional neglect; thrusting away; a shifting off; adieu; <as>as, to give a proposal the <ex>go-by</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Some songs to which we have given the <b>go-by</b>.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gocart</h1>
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<hw>Go"cart`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A framework moving on casters, designed to support children while learning to walk.</def>

<h1>God</h1>
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<hw>God</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Good.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>God</h1>
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<hw>God</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>god</ets>; akin to OS. & D. <ets>god</ets>, OHG. <ets>got</ets>, G. <ets>gott</ets>, Icel. <ets>gu<?/</ets>, <ets>go<?/</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>gud</ets>, Goth. <ets>gup</ets>, prob. orig. a p. p. from a root appearing in Skr. <ets>h<?/</ets>, p. p. <ets>h<?/ta</ets>, to call upon, invoke, implore. <?/ Cf. <er>Goodbye</er>, <er>Gospel</er>, <er>Gossip</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A being conceived of as possessing supernatural power, and to be propitiated by sacrifice, worship, etc.; a divinity; a deity; an object of worship; an idol.</def>

<blockquote>He maketh a <b>god</b>, and worshipeth it.
<i>Is. xliv. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The race of Israel . . . bowing lowly down
To bestial <b>gods</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The Supreme Being; the eternal and infinite Spirit, the Creator, and the Sovereign of the universe; Jehovah.</def>

<blockquote><b>God</b> is a Spirit; and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth.
<i>John iv. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person or thing deified and honored as the chief good; an object of supreme regard.</def>

<blockquote>Whose <b>god</b> is their belly.
<i>Phil. iii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Figuratively applied to one who wields great or despotic power.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Act of God</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Act</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gallery gods</col>, <cd>the occupants of the highest and cheapest gallery of a theater.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>God's acre</col>, <col>God's field</col></mcol>, <cd>a burial place; a churchyard. See under <er>Acre</er>.</cd> -- <col>God's house</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An almshouse. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A church.</cd> -- <col>God's penny</col>, <cd>earnest penny. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Beau. & Fl</i>.</cd> -- <col>God's Sunday</col>, <cd>Easter.</cd></cs>

<h1>God</h1>
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<hw>God</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat as a god; to idolize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Godchild</h1>
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<hw>God"child`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One for whom a person becomes sponsor at baptism, and whom he promises to see educated as a Christian; a godson or goddaughter. See <er>Godfather</er>.</def>

<h1>Goddaughter</h1>
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<hw>God"daugh`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>goddohtor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A female for whom one becomes sponsor at baptism.</def>

<h1>Goddess</h1>
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<hw>God"dess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A female god; a divinity, or deity, of the female sex.</def>

<blockquote>When the daughter of Jupiter presented herself among a crowd of <b>goddesses</b>, she was distinguished by her graceful stature and superior beauty.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A woman of superior charms or excellence.</def>

<h1>Gode</h1>
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<hw>Gode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Good.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Godelich</h1>
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<hw>Gode"lich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Goodly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Godfather</h1>
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<hw>God"fa`ther</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>godf\'91der</ets>. Cf. <er>Gossip</er>.]</ety> <def>A man who becomes sponsor for a child at baptism, and makes himself a surety for its Christian training and instruction.</def>

<blockquote>There shall be for every Male-child to be baptized, when they can be had, two <b>Godfathers</b> and one Godmother; and for every Female, one <b>Godfather</b> and two Godmothers; and Parents shall be admitted as Sponsors, if it is desired.
<i>Book of Common Prayer (Prot. Episc. Ch., U. S. ).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Godfather</h1>
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<hw>God"fa`ther</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To act as godfather to; to take under one's fostering care.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>God-fearing</h1>
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<hw>God"-fear`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a reverential and loving feeling towards God; religious.</def>

<blockquote>A brave <b>good-fearing</b> man.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Godhead</h1>
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<hw>God"head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>godhed</ets>. See <er>-head</er>, and cf. <er>Godhood</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Godship; deity; divinity; divine nature or essence; godhood.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The Deity; God; the Supreme Being.</def>

<blockquote>The imperial throne
Of <b>Godhead</b>, fixed for ever.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A god or goddess; a divinity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Adoring first the genius of the place,
The nymphs and native <b>godheads</b> yet unknown.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Godhood</h1>
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<hw>God"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>God</ets> + <ets>-hood</ets>. Cf. <er>Godhead</er>.]</ety> <def>Divine nature or essence; deity; godhead.</def>

<h1>Godild</h1>
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<hw>God"ild</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A corruption of <i>God yield</i>, i. e., God reward or bless.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Godless</h1>
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<hw>God"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having, or acknowledging, no God; without reverence for God; impious; wicked.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>God"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>God"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Godlike</h1>
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<hw>God"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>God</ets> + <ets>like.</ets> Cf. <er>Godly</er>.]</ety> <def>Resembling or befitting a god or God; divine; hence, preeminently good; <as>as, <ex>godlike</ex> virtue</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>God"like`ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Godlily</h1>
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<hw>God"li*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Righteously.</def>

<i>H. Wharton.</i>

<h1>Godliness</h1>
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<hw>God"li*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Godly</er>.]</ety> <def>Careful observance of, or conformity to, the laws of God; the state or quality of being godly; piety.</def>

<blockquote><b>Godliness</b> is profitable unto all things.
<i>1 Tim. iv. 8.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Godling</h1>
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<hw>God"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A diminutive god.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Godly</h1>
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<hw>God"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>God</ets>, <tt>n.</tt> + <ets>-ly</ets>. Cf.</tt> <er>Godlike</er>, <er>Like</er>.]</ety> <def>Pious; reverencing God, and his character and laws; obedient to the commands of God from love for, and reverence of, his character; conformed to God's law; devout; righteous; <as>as, a <ex>godly</ex> life</as>.</def>

<blockquote>For <b>godly</b> sorrow worketh repentance.
<i>2 Cor. vii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Godly</h1>
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<hw>God"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Piously; devoutly; righteously.</def>

<blockquote>All that will live <b>godly</b> in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution.
<i>2. Tim. iii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Godlyhead</h1>
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<hw>God"ly*head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Goodlyhead</er>.]</ety> <def>Goodness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Godmother</h1>
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<hw>God"moth`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>godm<?/dor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woman who becomes sponsor for a child in baptism. See <er>Godfather</er></def>

<h1>Godown</h1>
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<hw>Go*down"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corruption of Malay <ets>g\'bedong</ets> warehouse.]</ety> <def>A warehouse.</def> <mark>[East Indies]</mark>

<h1>Godroon</h1>
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<hw>Go*droon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>godron</ets> a round plait, godroon.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament produced by notching or carving a rounded molding.</def>

<h1>Godsend</h1>
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<hw>God"send`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something sent by God; an unexpected acquisiton or piece of good fortune.</def>

<h1>Godship</h1>
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<hw>God"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>God</ets>, n. + <ets>-ship</ets>.]</ety> <def>The rank or character of a god; deity; divinity; a god or goddess.</def>

<blockquote>O'er hills and dales their <b>godships</b> came.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Godsib</h1>
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<hw>God"sib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gossip.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Godson</h1>
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<hw>God"son`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>godsunu</ets>.]</ety> <def>A male for whom one has stood sponsor in baptism. See <er>Godfather</er>.</def>

<h1>Godspeed</h1>
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<hw>God"speed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Success; prosperous journeying; -- a contraction of the phrase, "<i>God speed</i> you." </def> <altsp>[Written also as two separate words.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Receive him not into house, neither bid him <b>God speed</b>.
<i>2 John 10.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Godward</h1>
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<hw>God"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Toward God.</def>

<i>2 Cor. iii. 4.</i>

<h1>Godwit</h1>
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<hw>God"wit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from AS. <ets>g<?/d</ets> good + <ets>wiht</ets> creature, wight.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of long-billed, wading birds of the genus <spn>Limosa</spn>, and family <spn>Tringid\'91</spn>. The European black-tailed godwit (<spn>Limosa limosa</spn>), the American marbled godwit (<spn>L. fedoa</spn>), the Hudsonian godwit (<spn>L. h\'91mastica</spn>), and others, are valued as game birds. Called also <altname>godwin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Goel</h1>
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<hw>Go"el</hw> <tt>(g&omac;"&ecr;l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Yellow</er>. &root;49.]</ety> <def>Yellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Go\'89land</h1>
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<hw>Go`\'89`land"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>go\'89land</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A white tropical tern (<spn>Cygis candida</spn>).</def>

<h1>Go\'89min</h1>
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<hw>Go`\'89`min"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>go\'89mon</ets> seaweed.]</ety> <def>A complex mixture of several substances extracted from Irish moss.</def>

<h1>Goen</h1>
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<hw>Go"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of Go.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Goer</h1>
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<hw>Go"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Go.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, goes; a runner or walker</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A foot</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chapman</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A horse, considered in reference to his gait; <as>as, a good <ex>goer</ex>; a safe <ex>goer</ex></as></def>.</def>

<blockquote>This antechamber has been filled with comers and <b>goers</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Goety</h1>
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<hw>Go"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ witchcraft, from <?/ to bewitch, <?/ sorcerer: cf. F. <ets>go\'82tie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Invocation of evil spirits; witchcraft.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hallywell.</i>

<h1>Goff</h1>
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<hw>Goff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>goffe</ets> ill-made, awkward, It. <ets>goffo</ets>, Sp. <ets>gofo</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>goff</ets> a blockhead, Gr. <?/ stupid.]</ety> <def>A silly clown.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Goff</h1>
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<hw>Goff</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A game. See <er>Golf</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Goffer</h1>
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<hw>Gof"fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Goffered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Goffering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Gauffer</er>.]</ety> <def>To plait, flute, or crimp. See <er>Gauffer</er>.</def>

<i>Clarke.</i>

<h1>Gog</h1>
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<hw>Gog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>agog</ets>, F. <ets>gogue</ets> sprightliness, also W. <ets>gogi</ets> to agitate, shake.]</ety> <def>Haste; ardent desire to go.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Goggle</h1>
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<hw>Gog"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Goggled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Goggling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>gog</ets> a nod, slight motion.]</ety> <def>To roll the eyes; to stare.</def>

<blockquote>And wink and <b>goggle</b> like an owl.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Goggle</h1>
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<hw>Gog"gle</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full and rolling, or staring; -- said of the eyes.</def>

<blockquote>The long, sallow vissage, the <b>goggle</b> eyes.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Goggle</h1>
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<hw>Gog"gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Goggle</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A strained or affected rolling of the eye.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A kind of spectacles with short, projecting eye tubes, in the front end of which are fixed plain glasses for protecting the eyes from cold, dust, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Colored glasses for relief from intense light.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A disk with a small aperture, to direct the sight forward, and cure squinting.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Any screen or cover for the eyes, with or without a slit for seeing through.</def>

<h1>Goggled</h1>
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<hw>Gog"gled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Prominent; staring, as the eye.</def>

<h1>Goggle-eye</h1>
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<hw>Gog"gle-eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of two or more species of American fresh-water fishes of the family <spn>Centrarchid\'91</spn>, esp. <spn>Ch\'91nobryttus antistius</spn>, of Lake Michigan and adjacent waters, and <spn>Ambloplites rupestris</spn>, of the Great Lakes and Mississippi Valley; -- so called from their prominent eyes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The goggler.</def>

<h1>Goggle-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Gog"gle-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having prominent and distorted or rolling eyes.</def>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<h1>Goggler</h1>
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<hw>Gog"gler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carangoid oceanic fish (<spn>Trachurops crumenophthalmus</spn>), having very large and prominent eyes; -- called also <altname>goggle-eye</altname>, <altname>big-eyed scad</altname>, and <altname>cicharra</altname>.</def>

<h1>Goglet</h1>
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<hw>Gog"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>gorgoleta</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Gurglet</er>.</def>

<h1>Going</h1>
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<hw>Go"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of moving in any manner; traveling; <as>as, the <ex>going</ex> is bad</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Departure.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pregnancy; gestation; childbearing.</def>

<i>Crew.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Course of life; behavior; doings; ways.</def>

<blockquote>His eyes are upon the ways of man, and he seeth all his <b>goings</b>.
<i>Job xxxiv. 21.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Going barrel</col>. <fld>(Horology)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A barrel containing the mainspring, and having teeth on its periphery to drive the train.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A device for maintaining a force to drive the train while the timepiece is being wound up.</cd> -- <col>Going forth</col>. <fld>(Script.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Outlet; way of exit. "Every <i>going forth<i> of the sanctuary." <i>Ezek. xliv. 5.</i></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A limit; a border. "The <i>going forth<i> thereof shall be from the south to Kadesh-barnea." <i>Num. xxxiv. 4</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Going out</col>, &or; <col>Goings out</col></mcol>. <fld>(Script.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The utmost extremity or limit.</cd> "The border shall go down to Jordan, and the <i>goings out<i> of it shall be at the salt sea." <i>Num. xxxiv. 12</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Departure or journeying. "And Moses wrote their <i>goings out<i> according to their journeys." <i>Num. xxxiii. 2</i>.</cd> -- <col>Goings on</col>, <cd>behavior; actions; conduct; -- usually in a bad sense.</cd></cs>

<h1>Goiter Goitre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Goi"ter</hw> <hw>Goi"tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>go\'8ctre</ets>, L. <ets>guttur</ets> throat, cf. tumidum <ets>guttur</ets> goiter, <ets>gutturosus</ets> goitered. See <er>Guttural</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An enlargement of the thyroid gland, on the anterior part of the neck; bronchocele. It is frequently associated with cretinism, and is most common in mountainous regions, especially in certain parts of Switzerland.</def>

<h1>Goitered, Goitred</h1>
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<hw><hw>Goi"tered</hw>, <hw>Goi"tred</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with goiter.</def>

<h1>Goitrous</h1>
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<hw>Goi"trous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>go\'8ctreux</ets>, L. <ets>gutturosus</ets>. See <er>Goiter</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the goiter; affected with the goiter; of the nature of goiter or bronchocele.</def>

<blockquote>Let me not be understood as insinuating that the inhabitants in general are either <b>goitrous</b> or idiots.
<i>W. Coxe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gold, Golde, Goolde</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gold</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Golde</hw>, <hw>Goolde</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An old English name of some yellow flower, -- the marigold (<spn>Calendula</spn>), according to Dr. Prior, but in Chaucer perhaps the turnsole.</def>

<h1>Gold</h1>
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<hw>Gold</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gold</ets>; akin to D. <ets>goud</ets>, OS. & G. <ets>gold</ets>, Icel. <ets>gull</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>guld</ets>, Goth. <ets>gulp</ets>, Russ. & OSlav. <ets>zlato</ets>; prob. akin to E. <ets>yellow</ets>. <?/. See <er>Yellow</er>, and cf. <er>Gild</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A metallic element, constituting the most precious metal used as a common commercial medium of exchange. It has a characteristic yellow color, is one of the heaviest substances known (specific gravity 19.32), is soft, and very malleable and ductile. It is quite unalterable by heat, moisture, and most corrosive agents, and therefore well suited for its use in coin and jewelry. Symbol Au (<i>Aurum</i>). Atomic weight 196.7.</def>

<note>&hand; Native gold contains usually eight to ten per cent of silver, but often much more. As the amount of silver increases, the color becomes whiter and the specific gravity lower. Gold is very widely disseminated, as in the sands of many rivers, but in very small quantity. It usually occurs in quartz veins (gold quartz), in slate and metamorphic rocks, or in sand and alluvial soil, resulting from the disintegration of such rocks. It also occurs associated with other metallic substances, as in auriferous pyrites, and is combined with tellurium in the minerals <i>petzite</i>, <i>calaverite</i>, <i>sylvanite</i>, etc. Pure gold is too soft for ordinary use, and is hardened by alloying with silver and copper, the latter giving a characteristic reddish tinge. [See <er>Carat</er>.] Gold also finds use in gold foil, in the pigment <i>purple of Cassius</i>, and in the chloride, which is used as a toning agent in photography.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Money; riches; wealth.</def>

<blockquote>For me, the <b>gold</b> of France did not seduce.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A yellow color, like that of the metal; <as>as, a flower tipped with <ex>gold</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Figuratively, something precious or pure; <as>as, hearts of <ex>gold</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Age of gold</col>. <cd>See <cref>Golden age</cref>, under <er>Golden</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Dutch gold</col>, <col>Fool's gold</col>, <col>Gold dust</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Dutch</er>, <er>Dust</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Gold amalgam</col>, <cd>a mineral, found in Columbia and California, composed of gold and mercury.</cd> -- <col>Gold beater</col>, <cd>one whose occupation is to beat gold into gold leaf.</cd> -- <col>Gold beater's skin</col>, <cd>the prepared outside membrane of the large intestine of the ox, used for separating the leaves of metal during the process of gold-beating.</cd> -- <col>Gold beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any small gold-colored beetle of the family <spn>Chrysomelid\'91</spn>; -- called also <altname>golden beetle</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Gold blocking</col>, <cd>printing with gold leaf, as upon a book cover, by means of an engraved block. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Gold cloth</col>. <cd>See <cref>Cloth of gold</cref>, under <er>Cloth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gold Coast</col>, <cd>a part of the coast of Guinea, in West Africa.</cd> -- <col>Gold cradle</col>. <fld>(Mining)</fld> <cd>See <er>Cradle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 7.</cd> -- <col>Gold diggings</col>, <cd>the places, or region, where gold is found by digging in sand and gravel from which it is separated by washing.</cd> -- <col>Gold end</col>, <cd>a fragment of broken gold or jewelry.</cd> -- <col>Gold-end man</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A buyer of old gold or jewelry.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A goldsmith's apprentice.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>An itinerant jeweler. "I know him not: he looks like a <i>gold-end man<i>."  <i>B. Jonson</i>.</cd> -- <col>Gold fever</col>, <cd>a popular mania for gold hunting.</cd> -- <col>Gold field</col>, <cd>a region in which are deposits of gold.</cd> -- <col>Gold finder</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>One who finds gold.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>One who empties privies. <mark>[Obs. & Low]</mark> <i>Swift</i>.</cd> -- <col>Gold flower</col>, <cd>a composite plant with dry and persistent yellow radiating involucral scales, the <spn>Helichrysum St\'d2chas</spn> of Southern Europe. There are many South African species of the same genus.</cd> -- <col>Gold foil</col>, <cd>thin sheets of gold, as used by dentists and others. See <er>Gold leaf</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Gold</col> <col>knobs &or; knoppes</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>buttercups.</cd> -- <col>Gold lace</col>, <cd>a kind of lace, made of gold thread.</cd> -- <col>Gold latten</col>, <cd>a thin plate of gold or gilded metal.</cd> -- <col>Gold leaf</col>, <cd>gold beaten into a film of extreme thinness, and used for gilding, etc. It is much thinner than gold foil.</cd> -- <col>Gold lode</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a gold vein.</cd> -- <col>Gold mine</col>, <cd>a place where gold is obtained by mining operations, as distinguished from diggings, where it is extracted by washing. Cf. <i>Gold diggings<i> (above).</cd> -- <col>Gold nugget</col>, <cd>a lump of gold as found in gold mining or digging; -- called also a <altname>pepito</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Gold paint</col>. <cd>See <cref>Gold shell</cref>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Gold &or; Golden</col>, <col>pheasant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Pheasant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gold plate</col>, <cd>a general name for vessels, dishes, cups, spoons, etc., made of gold.</cd><-- now usu. referring to objects made of a base metal with a layer of gold on the surface. --> -- <col>Gold of pleasure</col>. <ety>[Name perhaps translated from Sp. <ets>oro-de-alegria<ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A plant of the genus <spn>Camelina</spn>, bearing yellow flowers. <spn>C. sativa</spn> is sometimes cultivated for the oil of its seeds.</cd> -- <col>Gold shell</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A composition of powdered gold or gold leaf, ground up with gum water and spread on shells, for artists' use; -- called also <altname>gold paint</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>A bivalve shell (<spn>Anomia glabra</spn>) of the Atlantic coast; -- called also <altname>jingle shell</altname> and <altname>silver shell</altname>. See <er>Anomia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gold size</col>, <cd>a composition used in applying gold leaf.</cd> -- <col>Gold solder</col>, <cd>a kind of solder, often containing twelve parts of gold, two of silver, and four of copper.</cd> -- <col>Gold stick</col>, <cd>the colonel of a regiment of English lifeguards, who attends his sovereign on state occasions; -- so called from the gilt rod presented to him by the sovereign when he receives his commission as colonel of the regiment.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Gold thread</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A thread formed by twisting flatted gold over a thread of silk, with a wheel and iron bobbins; spun gold.</cd> <i>Ure</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A small evergreen plant (<spn>Coptis trifolia</spn>), so called from its fibrous yellow roots. It is common in marshy places in the United States.</cd> -- <col>Gold tissue</col>, <cd>a tissue fabric interwoven with gold thread.</cd> -- <col>Gold tooling</col>, <cd>the fixing of gold leaf by a hot tool upon book covers, or the ornamental impression so made.</cd> -- <col>Gold washings</col>, <cd>places where gold found in gravel is separated from lighter material by washing.</cd> -- <col>Gold worm</col>, <cd>a glowworm.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Jeweler's gold</col>, <cd>an alloy containing three parts of gold to one of copper.</cd><-- 18K gold --> -- <col>Mosaic gold</col>. <cd>See under <er>Mosaic</er>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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<h1>Gold-beaten</h1>
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<hw>Gold"-beat`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gilded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gold-beating</h1>
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<hw>Gold"-beat`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or process of reducing gold to extremely thin leaves, by beating with a hammer.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Gold-bound</h1>
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<hw>Gold"-bound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Encompassed with gold.</def>

<h1>Goldcrest</h1>
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<hw>Gold"crest`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European golden-crested kinglet (<spn>Regulus cristatus</spn>, or <spn>R. regulus</spn>); -- called also <altname>golden-crested wren</altname>, and <altname>golden wren</altname>. The name is also sometimes applied to the American golden-crested kinglet. See <er>Kinglet</er>.</def>

<h1>Goldcup</h1>
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<hw>Gold"cup`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The cuckoobud.</def>

<h1>Golden</h1>
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<hw>Gold"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>golden</ets>; cf. OE. <ets>gulden</ets>, AS. <ets>gylden</ets>, from <ets>gold</ets>. See <er>Gold</er>, and cf. <er>Guilder</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Made of gold; consisting of gold.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the color of gold; <as>as, the <ex>golden</ex> grain</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Very precious; highly valuable; excellent; eminently auspicious; <as>as, <ex>golden</ex> opinions</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Golden age</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The fabulous age of primeval simplicity and purity of manners in rural employments, followed by the <i>silver<i>, <i>bronze<i>, and <i>iron ages<i>. <i>Dryden</i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Roman Literature)</fld> <cd>The best part (<sc>B. C.</sc> 81 -- <sc>A. D.</sc> 14) of the classical period of Latinity; the time when Cicero, C\'91sar, Virgil, etc., wrote</cd>. Hence: <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>That period in the history of a literature, etc., when it flourishes in its greatest purity or attains its greatest glory; as, the Elizabethan age has been considered the <i>golden age<i> of English literature.</cd> -- <col>Golden balls</col>, <cd>three gilt balls used as a sign of a pawnbroker's office or shop; -- originally taken from the coat of arms of Lombardy, the first money lenders in London having been Lombards.</cd> -- <col>Golden bull</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bull</er>, an edict.</cd> -- <col>Golden chain</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the shrub <spn>Cytisus Laburnum</spn>, so named from its long clusters of yellow blossoms.</cd> -- <col>Golden club</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an aquatic plant (<spn>Orontium aquaticum</spn>), bearing a thick spike of minute yellow flowers.</cd> -- <col>Golden cup</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the buttercup.</cd> -- <col>Golden eagle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large and powerful eagle (<spn>Aquila Chrysa\'89tos</spn>) inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North America. It is so called from the brownish yellow tips of the feathers on the head and neck. A dark variety is called the <i>royal eagle<i>; the young in the second year is the <i>ring-tailed eagle<i>.</cd> -- <col>Golden fleece</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mythol.)</fld> <cd>The fleece of gold fabled to have been taken from the ram that bore Phryxus through the air to Colchis, and in quest of which Jason undertook the Argonautic expedition.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <cd>An order of knighthood instituted in 1429 by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy; -- called also <altname>Toison d'Or</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Golden grease</col>, <cd>a bribe; a fee.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- Golden hair</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a South African shrubby composite plant with golden yellow flowers, the <spn>Chrysocoma Coma-aurea</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Golden Horde</col> <fld>(Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a tribe of Mongolian Tartars who overran and settled in Southern Russia early in the 18th century.</cd> -- <col>Golden Legend</col>, <cd>a hagiology (the "<i>Aurea Legenda<i>") written by James de Voragine, Archbishop of Genoa, in the 13th century, translated and printed by Caxton in 1483, and partially paraphrased by Longfellow in a poem thus entitled.</cd> -- <col>Golden marcasite</col> <cd>tin.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Golden mean</col>, <cd>the way of wisdom and safety between extremes; sufficiency without excess; moderation.</cd>

<blockquote>Angels guard him in the <b>golden mean</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Golden mole</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld>, <cd>one of several South African Insectivora of the family <spn>Chrysochlorid\'91</spn>, resembling moles in form and habits. The fur is tinted with green, purple, and gold.</cd> -- <col>Golden number</col> <fld>(Chronol.)</fld>, <cd>a number showing the year of the lunar or Metonic cycle. It is reckoned from 1 to 19, and is so called from having formerly been written in the calendar in gold.</cd> -- <col>Golden oriole</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Oriole</er>.</cd> -- <col>Golden pheasant</col>. <cd>See under <er>Pheasant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Golden pippin</col>, <cd>a kind of apple, of a bright yellow color.</cd> -- <col>Golden plover</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of plovers, of the genus <spn>Charadrius</spn>, esp. the European (<spn>C. apricarius</spn>, or <spn>pluvialis</spn>; -- called also <altname>yellow, black-breasted hill, &and; whistling, plover</altname>. The common American species (<spn>C. dominicus</spn>) is also called <altname>frostbird</altname>, and <altname>bullhead</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Golden robin</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Baltimore oriole</er>, in Vocab.</cd> -- <col>Golden rose</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>a gold or gilded rose blessed by the pope on the fourth Sunday in Lent, and sent to some church or person in recognition of special services rendered to the Holy See.</cd> -- <col>Golden rule</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The rule of doing as we would have others do to us. Cf. <i>Luke vi. 31.</i></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The rule of proportion, or rule of three.</cd> -- <col>Golden samphire</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a composite plant (<spn>Inula crithmoides</spn>), found on the seashore of Europe.</cd> -- <col>Golden saxifrage</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a low herb with yellow flowers (<spn>Chrysosplenium oppositifolium</spn>), blossoming in wet places in early spring.</cd> -- <col>Golden seal</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a perennial ranunculaceous herb (<spn>Hydrastis Canadensis</spn>), with a thick knotted rootstock and large rounded leaves.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Golden sulphide</col>, &or; <mcol><col>sulphuret</col></mcol>, <col>of antimony</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the pentasulphide of antimony, a golden or orange yellow powder.</cd> -- <col>Golden warbler</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common American wood warbler (<spn>Dendroica \'91stiva</spn>); -- called also <altname>blue-eyed yellow warbler</altname>, <altname>garden warbler</altname>, and <altname>summer yellow bird</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Golden wasp</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright-colored hymenopterous insect, of the family <spn>Chrysidid\'91</spn>. The colors are golden, blue, and green.</cd> -- <col>Golden wedding</col>. <cd>See under <er>Wedding</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Golden-eye</h1>
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<hw>Gold"en-eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A duck (<spn>Glaucionetta clangula</spn>), found in Northern Europe, Asia, and America. The American variety (var. <spn>Americana</spn>) is larger. Called <altname>whistler</altname>, <altname>garrot</altname>, <altname>gowdy</altname>, <altname>pied widgeon</altname>, <altname>whiteside</altname>, <altname>curre</altname>, and <altname>doucker</altname>. Barrow's golden-eye of America (<spn>G. Islandica</spn>) is less common.</def>

<h1>Goden ly</h1>
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<hw>God"en *ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In golden terms or a golden manner; splendidly; delightfully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Golden-rod</h1>
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<hw>Gold"en-rod`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tall herb (<spn>Solidago Virga-aurea</spn>), bearing yellow flowers in a graceful elongated cluster. The name is common to all the species of the genus <spn>Solidago</spn>.</def>

<cs><col>Golden-rod tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a shrub (<spn>Bosea Yervamora</spn>), a native of the Canary Isles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Goldfinch</h1>
<Xpage=637>

<hw>Gold"finch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>goldfinc</ets>. See <er>Gold</er>, and <er>Finch</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A beautiful bright-colored European finch (<spn>Carduelis elegans</spn>). The name refers to the large patch of yellow on the wings. The front of the head and throat are bright red; the nape, with part of the wings and tail, black; -- called also <altname>goldspink</altname>, <altname>goldie</altname>, <altname>fool's coat</altname>, <altname>drawbird</altname>, <altname>draw-water</altname>, <altname>thistle finch</altname>, and <altname>sweet William</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The yellow-hammer.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A small American finch (<spn>Spinus tristis</spn>); the thistle bird.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also applied to other yellow finches, esp. to several additional American species of <spn>Spinus</spn>.</note>

<h1>Goldfinny</h1>
<Xpage=637>

<hw>Gold"fin`ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of two or more species of European labroid fishes (<spn>Crenilabrus melops</spn>, and <spn>Ctenolabrus rupestris</spn>); -- called also <altname>goldsinny</altname>, and <altname>goldney</altname>.</def>

<h1>Goldfish</h1>
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<hw>Gold"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small domesticated cyprinoid fish (<spn>Carassius auratus</spn>); -- so named from its color. It is native of China, and is said to have been introduced into Europe in 1691. It is often kept as an ornament, in small ponds or glass globes. Many varieties are known. Called also <altname>golden fish</altname>, and <altname>golden carp</altname>. See <cref>Telescope fish</cref>, under <er>Telescope</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A California marine fish of an orange or red color; the garibaldi.</def>

<h1>Gold-hammer</h1>
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<hw>Gold"-ham`mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The yellow-hammer.</def>

<h1>Goldie</h1>
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<hw>Gold"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Gold</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The European goldfinch.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The yellow-hammer.</def>

<h1>Goldilocks</h1>
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<hw>Gold"i*locks`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Goldylocks</er>.</def>

<h1>Goldin, Golding</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gold"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gold"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <ety>[From the golden color of the blossoms.]</ety> <def>A conspicuous yellow flower, commonly the corn marigold (<spn>Chrysanthemum segetum</spn>).</def> <altsp>[This word is variously corrupted into <asp>gouland</asp>, <asp>gools</asp>, <asp>gowan</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Goldless</h1>
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<hw>Gold"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of gold.</def>

<h1>Goldney</h1>
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<hw>Gold"ney</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gilthead</er>.</def>

<h1>Goldseed</h1>
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<hw>Gold"seed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Dog's-tail grass.</def>

<h1>Goldsinny</h1>
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<hw>Gold"sin`ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Goldfinny</er>.</def>

<h1>Goldsmith</h1>
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<hw>Gold"smith`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. goldsmi<?/. See <er>Gold</er>., and <er>Smith</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An artisan who manufactures vessels and ornaments, etc., of gold.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A banker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; The goldsmiths of London formerly received money on deposit because they were prepared to keep it safely.</note>

<cs><col>Goldsmith beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, bright yellow, American beetle (<spn>Cotalpa lanigera</spn>), of the family <spn>Scarab\'91id\'91</spn></cd></cs>

<h1>Goldtit</h1>
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<hw>Gold"tit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Verdin</er>.</def>

<h1>Goldylocks</h1>
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<hw>Gold"y*locks`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of several species of the genus <spn>Chrysocoma</spn>; -- so called from the tufts of yellow flowers which terminate the stems; also, the <spn>Ranunculus auricomus</spn>, a kind of buttercup.</def>

<h1>Golet</h1>
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<hw>Go"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The gullet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Golet</h1>
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<hw>Go"let</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A California trout. See <er>Malma</er>.</def>

<h1>Golf</h1>
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<hw>Golf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>kolf</ets> club or bat, also a Dutch game played in an inclosed area with clubs and balls; akin to G. <ets>kolben</ets> club, but end, Icel. <ets>k<?/lfr</ets> tongue of a bell. bolt, Sw. <ets>kolf</ets> bolt, dart, but end, Dan. <ets>kolv</ets> bolt, arrow. Cf. <er>Club</er>, <er>Globe</er>.]</ety> <def>A game played with a small ball and a bat or club crooked at the lower end. He who drives the ball into each of a series of small holes in the ground and brings it into the last hole with the fewest strokes is the winner.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Strutt.</i>

<h1>Golfer</h1>
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<hw>Golf"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who plays golf.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Golgotha</h1>
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<hw>Gol"go*tha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Calvary. See the Note under <er>Calvary</er>.</def>

<h1>Goliard</h1>
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<hw>Gol"iard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From OF. <ets>goliart</ets> glutton, buffoon, riotous student, Goliard, LL. <ets>goliardus</ets>, prob. fr. L. <ets>gula</ets> throat. Cf. <er>Gules</er>.]</ety> <def>A buffoon in the Middle Ages, who attended rich men's tables to make sport for the guests by ribald stories and songs.</def>

<h1>Goliardery</h1>
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<hw>Gol"iard*er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The satirical or ribald poetry of the Goliards.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Goliath beetle</h1>
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<hw>Go*li"ath bee"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From <ets>Goliath</ets>, the Philistine giant.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of <spn>Goliathus</spn>, a genus of very large and handsome African beetles.</def>

<h1>Goll</h1>
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<hw>Goll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A hand, paw, or claw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney. B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Goloe-shoe</h1>
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<hw>Go*loe"-shoe`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A galoche.</def>

<h1>Golore</h1>
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<hw>Go*lore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Galore</er>.</def>

<h1>Goloshe</h1>
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<hw>Go*loshe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Galoche</er>.</def>

<h1>Goltschut</h1>
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<hw>Golt"schut</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small ingot of gold.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A silver ingot, used in Japan as money.</def>

<h1>Golyardeys</h1>
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<hw>Gol"yard*eys</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A buffoon. See <er>Gollard</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Goman</h1>
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<hw>Go"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>good man</ets>; but cf. also AS. <ets>gumman</ets> a man, OHG. <ets>gomman</ets> man, husband.]</ety> <def>A husband; a master of a family.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gomarist, Gomarite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Go"mar*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Go"mar*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.-Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the followers of Francis <i>Gomar</i> or <i>Gomarus</i>, a Dutch disciple of Calvin in the 17th century, who strongly opposed the Arminians.</def>

<h1>Gombo</h1>
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<hw>Gom"bo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gumbo</er>.</def>

<h1>Gome</h1>
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<hw>Gome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>guma</ets>; akin to Goth. <ets>guma</ets>, L. <ets>homo</ets>. See <er>Bridegroom</er>.]</ety> <def>A man.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>P. Plowman.</i>

<h1>Gome</h1>
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<hw>Gome</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>gormr</ets> ooze, mud.]</ety> <def>The black grease on the axle of a cart or wagon wheel; -- called also <altname>gorm</altname>. See <er>Gorm</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Gomer</h1>
<Xpage=637>

<hw>Go"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Hebrew measure. See <er>Homer</er>.</def>

<h1>Gomer</h1>
<Xpage=637>

<hw>Go"mer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A conical chamber at the breech of the bore in heavy ordnance, especially in mortars; -- named after the inventor.</def>

<h1>Gommelin</h1>
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<hw>Gom"me*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gommeline</ets>, from <ets>gomme</ets> gum.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dextrin</er>.</def>

<h1>Gomphiasis</h1>
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<hw>Gom*phi"a*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ toothache or gnashing of teeth, fr. <?/ a grinder tooth, from <?/ a bolt.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease of the teeth, which causes them to loosen and fall out of their sockets.</def>

<h1>Gomphosis</h1>
<Xpage=637>

<hw>Gom*pho"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, prop., a bolting together, fr. <?/ to fasten with bolts or nails, <?/ bolt, nail: cf. F. <ets>gomphose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A form of union or immovable articulation where a hard part is received into the cavity of a bone, as the teeth into the jaws.</def>

<h1>Gomuti</h1>
<Xpage=637>

<hw>Go*mu"ti</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malayan <ets>gumuti</ets>.]</ety> <def>A black, fibrous substance resembling horsehair, obtained from the leafstalks of two kinds of palms, <spn>Metroxylon Sagu</spn>, and <spn>Arenga saccharifera</spn>, of the Indian islands. It is used for making cordage. Called also <altname>ejoo</altname>.</def>

<h1>Gon</h1>
<Xpage=637>

<hw>Gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Go</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gonad</h1>
<Xpage=637>

<hw>Gon"ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gonads</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ that which generates.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the masses of generative tissue primitively alike in both sexes, but giving rise to either an ovary or a testis; a generative gland; a germ gland.</def>

<i>Wiedersheim.</i>

<h1>Gonakie</h1>
<Xpage=637>

<hw>Go"na*kie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An African timber tree (<spn>Acacia Adansonii</spn>).</def>

<h1>Gonangium</h1>
<Xpage=637>

<hw>Go`nan*gi"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Gonangia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Gonangiums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ offspring + <?/ vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gonotheca</er>.</def>

<h1>Gondola</h1>
<Xpage=637>

<hw>Gon"do*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., dim. of <ets>gonda</ets> a gondola; cf. LL. <ets>gandeia</ets> a kind of boat, Gr. <?/ a drinking vessel; said to be a Persian word; cf. F. <ets>gondole</ets> gondola, cup.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A long, narrow boat with a high prow and stern, used in the canals of Venice. A gondola is usually propelled by one or two oarsmen who stand facing the prow, or by poling. A gondola for passengers has a small open cabin amidships, for their protection against the sun or rain. A sumptuary law of Venice required that gondolas should be painted black, and they are customarily so painted now.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A flat-bottomed boat for freight.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A long platform car, either having no sides or with very low sides, used on railroads.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Gondolet</h1>
<Xpage=637>

<hw>Gon"do*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>gondoletta</ets>, dim. of <ets>gondola</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small gondola.</def>

<i>T. Moore.</i>

<h1>Gondolier</h1>
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<hw>Gon`do*lier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>gondoliere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gondolier</ets>.]</ety> <def>A man who rows a gondola.</def>

<h1>Gone</h1>
<Xpage=637>

<hw>Gone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Go</er>.</def>

<h1>Goneness</h1>
<Xpage=637>

<hw>Gone"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of exhaustion; faintness, especially as resulting from hunger.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Gonfalon, Gonfanon</h1>
<Xpage=637>

<hw><hw>Gon"fa*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gon"fa*non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gonfanoun</ets>, OF. <ets>gonfanon</ets>, F. <ets>gonfalon</ets>, the same word as F. <ets>confalon</ets>, name of a religious brotherhood, fr. OHG. <ets>gundfano</ets> war flag; <ets>gund</ets> war (used in comp., and akin to AS. <ets>g\'d4\'eb</ets>) + <ets>fano</ets> cloth, flag; akin to E. <ets>vane</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>g\'d4\'ebfana</ets>. See <er>Vane</er>, and cf. <er>Confalon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The ensign or standard in use by certain princes or states, such as the medi\'91val republics of Italy, and in more recent times by the pope.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A name popularly given to any flag which hangs from a crosspiece or frame instead of from the staff or the mast itself.</def>

<blockquote>Standards and <b>gonfalons</b>, 'twixt van and rear,
Stream in the air.
<i>Milton</qsu>.

<hr>
<page="638">
Page 638<p>

<h1>Gonfalonier</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Gon`fa*lon*ier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gonfalonier</ets>: cf. It. <ets>gonfaloniere</ets>.]</ety> <def>He who bears the gonfalon; a standard bearer</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An officer at Rome who bears the standard of the Church</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The chief magistrate of any one of several republics in medi\'91veal Italy</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A Turkish general, and standard keeper.</def>

<h1>Gong</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Gong</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gong</ets>, <ets>gang</ets>, a going, passage, drain. See <er>Gang</er>.]</ety> <def>A privy or jakes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Gong farmer</col>, <col>Gong man</col></mcol>, <cd>a cleaner of privies. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Gong</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Gong</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <ety>[Malayan (Jav.) <ets>g&omac;ng</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument, first used in the East, made of an alloy of copper and tin, shaped like a disk with upturned rim, and producing, when struck, a harsh and resounding noise.</def>

<blockquote>O'er distant deserts sounds the Tartar <b>gong</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A flat saucerlike bell, rung by striking it with a small hammer which is connected with it by various mechanical devices; a stationary bell, used to sound calls or alarms; -- called also <altname>gong bell</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Gong metal</col>, <cd>an alloy (78 parts of copper, 22 of tin), from which Oriental gongs are made.</cd></cs>

<h1>Goniatite</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Go"ni*a*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ angle.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>One of an extinct genus of fossil cephalopods, allied to the Ammonites. The earliest forms are found in the Devonian formation, the latest, in the Triassic.</def>

<h1>Gonidial</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Go*nid"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia.</def>

<h1>Gonidial</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Go*nid"i*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the angles of the mouth; <as>as, a <ex>gonidial</ex> groove of an actinian</as>.</def>

<h1>Gonidium</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Go*nid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/ angle.]</ety> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>A special groove or furrow at one or both angles of the mouth of many Anthozoa.</def>

<h1>Gonidium</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Go*nid"i*um</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gonidia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ that which generates.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A component cell of the yellowish green layer in certain lichens.</def>

<h1>Gonimia</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Go*nim"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ productive, fr. <?/ that which generates.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bluish green granules which occur in certain lichens, as <spn>Collema</spn>, <spn>Peltigera</spn>, etc., and which replace the more usual gonidia.</def>

<h1>Gonimous</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Gon"i*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia or gonimia, as that part of a lichen which contains the green or chlorophyll-bearing cells.</def>

<h1>Goniometer</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Go`ni*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ angle + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>goniom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring angles, especially the angles of crystals, or the inclination of planes.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Contact, &or; Hand</col>, <col>goniometer</col></mcol>, <cd>a goniometer having two movable arms (<it>ab<it>, <it>cd<it>), between which (at <it>ab<it>) the faces of the crystals are placed. These arms turn about a fixed point, which is the center of the graduated circle or semicircle upon which the angle is read off.</cd> -- <col>Reflecting goniometer</col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring the angles of crystals by determining through what angular space the crystal must be turned so that two rays reflected from two surfaces successively shall have the same direction; -- called also <altname>Wollaston's goniometer</altname>, from the inventor.</cd></cs>

<mhw><h1>Goniometric, Goniometrical</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Go`ni*o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Go`ni*o*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or determined by means of, a goniometer; trigonometric.</def>

<h1>Goniometry</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Go`ni*om"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>goniom\'82trie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The art of measuring angles; trigonometry.</def>

<h1>Gonoblastid</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Gon`o*blas"tid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gonoblastidium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A reproductive bud of a hydroid; a simple gonophore.</def>

<h1>Gonoblastidium</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Gon`o*blas*tid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gonoblastidia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ offspring + <?/ to bud.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A blastostyle.</def>

<h1>Gonocalyx</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Gon`o*ca"lyx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ offspring + E. <ets>calyx</ets>,]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bell of a sessile gonozooid.</def>

<h1>Gonochorism</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Gon`o*cho"rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ offspring + <?/ to separate.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Separation of the sexes in different individuals; -- opposed to <i>hermaphroditism</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In ontogony, differentiation of male and female individuals from embryos having the same rudimentary sexual organs.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>In phylogeny, the evolution of distinct sexes in species previously hermaphrodite or sexless.</def>

<h1>Gonococcus</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Gon`o*coc"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ semen, the genitals + NL. & E. <ets>coccus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A vegetable micro\'94rganism of the genus <spn>Micrococcus</spn>, occurring in the secretion in gonorrhea. It is believed by some to constitute the cause of this disease.</def><-- now Neisseria gonnorrhoeae -->

<h1>Gonoph</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Gon"oph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. fr. Heb. <ets>gann\'bebh</ets> thief.]</ety> <def>A pickpocket or thief.</def> <mark>[Eng. Slang]</mark><-- also ganef, gonif, goniff -->

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Gonophore</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Gon"o*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ offspring, seed + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sexual zooid produced as a medusoid bud upon a hydroid, sometimes becoming a free hydromedusa, sometimes remaining attached. See <er>Hydroidea</er>, and <i>Illusts</i>. of <er>Athecata</er>, <er>Campanularian</er>, and <er>Gonosome</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A lengthened receptacle, bearing the stamens and carpels in a conspicuous manner.</def>

<h1>Gonorrhea, Gonorrh\'d2a</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw><hw>Gon`or*rhe"a</hw>, <hw>Gon`or*rh\'d2"a</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gonorrhoea</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ that which begets, semen, the genitals + <?/ to flow: cf. F. <ets>gonorrh\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A contagious inflammatory disease of the genitourinary tract, affecting especially the urethra and vagina, and characterized by a mucopurulent discharge, pain in urination, and chordee; clap.</def>

<h1>Gonorrheal, Gonorrh\'d2al</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw><hw>Gon`or*rhe"al</hw>, <hw>Gon`or*rh\'d2"al</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to gonorrhea; <as>as, <ex>gonorrheal</ex> rheumatism</as>.</def>

<h1>Gonosome</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Gon"o*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ offspring + <ets>-some</ets> body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The reproductive zooids of a hydroid colony, collectively.</def>

<h1>Gonotheca</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Gon`o*the"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gonothec<?/</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ offspring + <?/ box.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A capsule developed on certain hydroids (<spn>Thecaphora</spn>), inclosing the blastostyle upon which the medusoid buds or gonophores are developed; -- called also <altname>gonangium</altname>, and <altname>teleophore</altname>. See <er>Hydroidea</er>, and <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Campanularian</er>.</def>

<h1>Gonozooid</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Gon`o*zo"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ offspring + E. <ets>zooid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sexual zooid, or medusoid bud of a hydroid; a gonophore. See <er>Hydroidea</er>, and <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Campanularian</er>.</def>

<h1>Gonydial</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Go*nyd"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the gonys of a bird's beak.</def>

<h1>Gonys</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Go"nys</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Genys</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The keel or lower outline of a bird's bill, so far as the mandibular rami are united.</def>

<h1>Goober</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Goo"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A peanut.</def> <mark>[Southern U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Good</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Good</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Better</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Best</er> <tt>(?)</tt>. These words, though used as the comparative and superlative of <i>good</i>, are from a different root.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>G&omac;d</ets>, akin to D. <ets>goed</ets>, OS. <ets>g&omac;d</ets>, OHG. <ets>guot</ets>, G. <ets>gut</ets>, Icel. <ets>g&omac;&edh;r</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>god</ets>, Goth. <ets>g&omac;ds</ets>; prob. orig., fitting, belonging together, and akin to E. <ets>gather</ets>. &root;29 Cf. <er>Gather</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessing desirable qualities; adapted to answer the end designed; promoting success, welfare, or happiness; serviceable; useful; fit; excellent; admirable; commendable; not bad, corrupt, evil, noxious, offensive, or troublesome, etc.</def>

<blockquote>And God saw everything that he had made, and behold, it was very <b>good</b>.
<i>Gen. i. 31.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Good</b> company, <b>good</b> wine, <b>good</b> welcome.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Possessing moral excellence or virtue; virtuous; pious; religious; -- said of persons or actions.</def>

<blockquote>In all things showing thyself a pattern of <b>good</b> works.
<i>Tit. ii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Kind; benevolent; humane; merciful; gracious; polite; propitious; friendly; well-disposed; -- often followed by <i>to</i> or <i>toward</i>, also formerly by <i>unto</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The men were very <b>good</b> unto us.
<i>1 Sam. xxv. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Serviceable; suited; adapted; suitable; of use; to be relied upon; -- followed especially by <i>for</i>.</def>

<blockquote>All quality that is <b>good</b> for anything is founded originally in merit.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Clever; skillful; dexterous; ready; handy; -- followed especially by <i>at</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . is a <b>good</b> workman; a very <b>good</b> tailor.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those are generally <b>good</b> at flattering who are <b>good</b> for nothing else.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Adequate; sufficient; competent; sound; not fallacious; valid; in a commercial sense, to be depended on for the discharge of obligations incurred; having pecuniary ability; of unimpaired credit.</def>

<blockquote>My reasons are both <b>good</b> and weighty.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My meaning in saying he is a <b>good</b> man is . . . that he is sufficient . . . I think I may take his bond.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Real; actual; serious; as in the phrases <i>in good earnest</i>; <i>in good sooth</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Love no man in <b>good</b> earnest.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Not small, insignificant, or of no account; considerable; esp., in the phrases <i>a good deal</i>, <i>a good way</i>, <i>a good degree</i>, <i>a good share</i> or <i>part</i>, etc.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Not lacking or deficient; full; complete.</def>

<blockquote><b>Good</b> measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over.
<i>Luke vi. 38.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Not blemished or impeached; fair; honorable; unsullied; as in the phrases <i>a good name</i>, <i>a good report</i>, <i>good repute</i>, etc.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>good</b> name is better than precious ointment.
<i>Eccl. vii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>As good as</col>. <cd>See under <er>As</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>For good</col>, &or; <col>For good and all</col></mcol>, <cd>completely and finally; fully; truly.</cd>

<blockquote>The good woman never died after this, till she came to die <b>for good and all</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Good breeding</col>, <cd>polite or polished manners, formed by education; a polite education.</cd>

<blockquote>Distinguished by good humor and <b>good breeding</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Good cheap</col>, <cd>literally, good bargain; reasonably cheap.</cd>

-- <col>Good consideration</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A consideration of blood or of natural love and affection. <i>Blackstone</i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A valuable consideration, or one which will sustain a contract.</cd> -- <col>Good fellow</col>, <cd>a person of companionable qualities.</cd> <mark>[Familiar]</mark> -- <mcol><col>Good folk</col>, <col>or Good people</col></mcol>, <cd>fairies; brownies; pixies, etc. <mark>[Colloq. Eng. & Scot.]</mark></cd> -- <col>Good for nothing</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Of no value; useless; worthless.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Used substantively, an idle, worthless person.</cd>

<blockquote>My father always said I was born to be a <b>good for nothing</b>.
<i>Ld. Lytton.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Good Friday</col>, <cd>the Friday of Holy Week, kept in some churches as a fast, in memoory of our Savior's passion or suffering; the anniversary of the crucifixion.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Good humor</col>, &or; <col>Good-humor</col></mcol>, <cd>a cheerful or pleasant temper or state of mind.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Good nature</col>, &or; <col>Good-nature</col></mcol>, <cd>habitual kindness or mildness of temper or disposition; amiability; state of being in good humor.</cd>

<blockquote>The <b>good nature</b> and generosity which belonged to his character.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The young count's <b>good nature</b> and easy persuadability were among his best characteristics.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Good people</col>. <cd>See <cref>Good folk</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Good speed</col>, <cd>good luck; good success; godspeed; -- an old form of wishing success. See <er>Speed</er>.</cd> -- <col>Good turn</col>, <cd>an act of kidness; a favor.</cd> -- <col>Good will</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Benevolence; well wishing; kindly feeling.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>The custom of any trade or business; the tendency or inclination of persons, old customers and others, to resort to an established place of business; the advantage accruing from tendency or inclination.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>The <b>good will</b> of a trade is nothing more than the probability that the old customers will resort to the old place.
<i>Lord Eldon.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>In good time</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Promptly; punctually; opportunely; not too soon nor too late.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>Correctly; in proper time.</cd> -- <col>To hold good</col>, <cd>to remain true or valid; to be operative; to remain in force or effect; as, his promise <i>holds good</i>; the condition still <i>holds good</i>.</cd> -- <col>To make good</col>, <cd>to fulfill; to establish; to maintain; to supply (a defect or deficiency); to indemmify; to prove or verify (an accusation); to prove to be blameless; to clear; to vindicate.</cd>

<blockquote>Each word <b>made good</b> and true.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Of no power <b>to make</b> his wishes <b>good</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I . . . would by combat <b>make</b> her <b>good</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Convenient numbers <b>to make good</b> the city.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To think good</col>, <cd>to approve; to be pleased or satisfied with; to consider expedient or proper.</cd>

<blockquote>If ye <b>think good</b>, give me my price; and if not, forbear.
<i>Zech. xi. 12.</i></blockquote></cs>

<note>&hand; <i>Good</i>, in the sense of <i>wishing well</i>, is much used in greeting and leave-taking; as, <i>good</i> day, <i>good</i> night, <i>good</i> evening, <i>good</i> morning, etc.</note>

<h1>Good</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Good</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which possesses desirable qualities, promotes success, welfare, or happiness, is serviceable, fit, excellent, kind, benevolent, etc.; -- opposed to <i>evil</i>.</def>

<blockquote>There be many that say, Who will show us any <b>good</b> ?
<i>Ps. iv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Advancement of interest or happiness; welfare; prosperity; advantage; benefit; -- opposed to <i>harm</i>, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>good</b> of the whole community can be promoted only by advancing the <b>good</b> of each of the members composing it.
<i>Jay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Wares; commodities; chattels; -- formerly used in the singular in a collective sense. In law, a comprehensive name for almost all personal property as distinguished from land or real property.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<blockquote>He hath made us spend much <b>good</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thy lands and <b>goods</b>
Are, by the laws of Venice, confiscate
Unto the state of Venice.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Dress goods</col>, <col>Dry goods</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Goods engine</col>, <cd>a freight locomotive.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Goods train</col>, <cd>a freight train.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Goods wagon</col>, <cd>a freight car <mark>[Eng.]</mark> See the Note under <er>Car</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd></cs>

<h1>Good</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Good</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Well, -- especially in the phrase <i>as good</i>, with a following <i>as</i> expressed or implied; equally well with as much advantage or as little harm as possible.</def>

<blockquote>As <b>good</b> almost kill a man as kill a good book.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>As good as</col>, <cd>in effect; virtually; the same as.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>They who counsel ye to such a suppressing, do <b>as good as</b> bid ye suppress yourselves.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Good</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Good</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make good; to turn to good.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To manure; to improve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Good-by, Good-bye</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw><hw>Good`-by"</hw>, <hw>Good`-bye"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. &or; interj.</tt> <ety>[A contraction of <ets>God be with ye</ets> (<ets>God be w&icr; ye</ets>, <ets>God bw' ye</ets>, <ets>God bwye</ets>).]</ety> <def>Farewell; a form of address used at parting. See the last Note under <er>By</er>, <tt>prep.</tt></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Good-den</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Good`-den"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Corrupt. of <ets>good e'en</ets>, for <ets>good evening</ets>.]</ety> <def>A form of salutation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Good-fellowship</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Good`-fel"low*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Agreeable companionship; companionableness.</def>

<h1>Goodgeon</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Good"geon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Gudgeon</er>, 5.</def>

<h1>Good-humored</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Good`-hu"mored</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a cheerful spirit and demeanor; good-tempered. See <er>Good-natured</er>.</def>

<h1>Good-humoredly</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Good`-hu"mored*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With a cheerful spirit; in a cheerful or good-tempered manner.</def>

<h1>Goodish</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Good"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rather good than the contrary; not actually bad; tolerable.</def>

<blockquote><b>Goodish</b> pictures in rich frames.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Goodless</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Good"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no goods.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Goodlich</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Good"lich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Goodly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Goodliness</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Good"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Goodly</er>.]</ety> <def>Beauty of form; grace; elegance; comeliness.</def>

<blockquote>Her <b>goodliness</b> was full of harmony to his eyes.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Good-looking</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Good"-look`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Handsome.</def>

<h1>Goodly</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Good"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Excellently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Goodly</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Good"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Goodlier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Goodliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>godlich</ets>, AS. <ets>g<?/dlic</ets>. See <er>Good</er>, and <er>Like</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pleasant; agreeable; desirable.</def>

<blockquote>We have many <b>goodly</b> days to see.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of pleasing appearance or character; comely; graceful; <as>as, a <ex>goodly</ex> person; <ex>goodly</ex> raiment, houses.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>goodliest</b> man of men since born.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Large; considerable; portly; <as>as, a <ex>goodly</ex> number</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Goodly</b> and great he sails behind his link.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Goodlyhead, Goodlyhood</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw><hw>Good"ly*head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Good"ly*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Goodness; grace; goodliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Goodman</h1>
<Xpage=638>

<hw>Good"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Good</ets> + <ets>man</ets>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A familiar appellation of civility, equivalent to "My friend", "Good sir", "Mister;" -- sometimes used ironically.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With you, <b>goodman</b> boy, an you please.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A husband; the master of a house or family; -- often used in speaking familiarly.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Say ye to the <b>goodman</b> of the house, . . . Where is the guest-chamber ?
<i>Mark xiv. 14.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="639">
Page 639<p>

<note>&hand; In the early colonial records of New England, the term <i>goodman</i> is frequently used as a title of designation, sometimes in a respectful manner, to denote a person whose first name was not known, or when it was not desired to use that name; in this use it was nearly equivalent to <i>Mr</i>. This use was doubtless brought with the first settlers from England.</note>

<h1>Good-natured</h1>
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<hw>Good`-na"tured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Naturally mild in temper; not easily provoked.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Good-natured</er>, <er>Good-tempered</er>, <er>Good-humored</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Good-natured</i> denotes a disposition to please and be pleased. <i>Good-tempered</i> denotes a habit of mind which is not easily ruffied by provocations or other disturbing influences. <i>Good-humored</i> is applied to a spirit full of ease and cheerfulness, as displayed in one's outward deportment and in social intercourse. A <i>good-natured</i> man recommends himself to all by the spirit which governs him. A <i>good-humored</i> man recommends himself particularly as a companion. A <i>good-tempered</i> man is rarely betrayed into anything which can disturb the serenity of the social circle.</usage>

<h1>Good-naturedly</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Good`-na"tured*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With maldness of temper.</def>

<h1>Goodness</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Good"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>g<?/dnes</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being good in any of its various senses; excellence; virtue; kindness; benevolence; <as>as, the <ex>goodness</ex> of timber, of a soil, of food; <ex>goodness</ex> of character, of disposition, of conduct, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Good now</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Good" now"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>An exclamation of wonder, surprise, or entreaty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Goods</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Goods</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Good</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Goodship</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Good"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Favor; grace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Good-tempered</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Good`-tem"pered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a good temper; not easily vexed. See <er>Good-natured</er>.</def>

<h1>Goodwife</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Good"wife`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The mistress of a house.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i>

<h1>Goody</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Good"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Goodies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bonbon, cake, or the like; -- usually in the <pluf>pl.</pluf></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American fish; the lafayette or spot.</def>

<h1>Goody</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Good"y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Goodies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Prob. contr. from <ets>goodwife</ets>.]</ety> <def>Goodwife; -- a low term of civility or sport.</def>

<h1>Gode-year</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Gode"-year</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Goujere</er>.]</ety> <def>The venereal disease; -- often used as a mild oath.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Goody-goody</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Good"y-good`y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mawkishly or weakly good; exhibiting goodness with silliness.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Goodyship</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Good"y*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of a goody or goodwife</def> <mark>[Jocose]</mark>

<i>Hudibraus.</i>

<mhw><h1>Gooroo, Guru</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Goo*roo"</hw>, <hw>Gu*ru"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>gur<?/</ets> a spiritual parent or teacher, Skr. <ets>guru</ets> heavy, noble, venerable, teacher. Cf. <er>Grief</er>.]</ety> <def>A spiritual teacher, guide, or confessor amoung the Hindoos.</def>

<i>Malcom.</i>

<h1>Goosander</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Goos"an`der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gossander</ets>, a tautological word formed fr. <ets>goose + gander</ets>. Cf. <er>Merganser</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of merganser (<spn>M. merganser</spn>) of Northern Europe and America; -- called also <altname>merganser</altname>, <altname>dundiver</altname>, <altname>sawbill</altname>, <altname>sawneb</altname>, <altname>shelduck</altname>, and <altname>sheldrake</altname>. See <er>Merganser</er>.</def>

<h1>Goose</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Goose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Geese</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>gos</ets>, AS. <ets>g<?/s</ets>, pl. <ets>g<?/s</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>gans</ets>, Icel. <ets>g\'bes</ets>, Dan. <ets>gaas</ets>, Sw. <ets>g<?/s</ets>, Russ. <ets>guse</ets>. OIr. <ets>geiss</ets>, L. <ets>anser</ets>, for <ets>hanser</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>hamsa</ets>. &root;233. Cf. <er>Gander</er>, <er>Gannet</er>, <er>Ganza</er>, <er>Gosling</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any large web-footen bird of the subfamily <spn>Anserin\'91</spn>, and belonging to <spn>Anser</spn>, <spn>Branta</spn>, <spn>Chen</spn>, and several allied genera. See <er>Anseres</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The common domestic goose is believed to have been derived from the European graylag goose (<spn>Anser anser</spn>). The bean goose (<spn>A. segetum</spn>), the American wild or Canada goose (<spn>Branta Canadensis</spn>), and the bernicle goose (<spn>Branta leucopsis</spn>) are well known species. The American white or snow geese and the blue goose belong to the genus <spn>Chen</spn>. See <er>Bernicle</er>, <i>Emperor goose</i>, under <er>Emperor</er>, <er>Snow goose</er>, <er>Wild goose</er>, <er>Brant</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any large bird of other related families, resembling the common goose.</def>

<note>&hand; The Egyptian or fox goose (<spn>Alopochen \'92gyptiaca</spn>) and the African spur-winged geese (<spn>Plectropterus</spn>) belong to the family <spn>Plectropterid\'91</spn>. The Australian semipalmated goose (<spn>Anseranas semipalmata</spn>) and Cape Barren goose (<spn>Cereopsis Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91</spn>) are very different from northern geese, and each is made the type of a distinct family. Both are domesticated in Australia.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A tailor's smoothing iron, so called from its handle, which resembles the neck of a goose.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A silly creature; a simpleton.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A game played with counters on a board divided into compartments, in some of which a goose was depicted.</def>

<blockquote>The pictures placed for ornament and use,
The twelve good rules, the royal game of <b>goose</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>A wild goose chase</col>, <cd>an attempt to accomplish something impossible or unlikely of attainment.</cd> -- <col>Fen goose</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fen</er>.</cd> -- <col>Goose barnacle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any pedunculated barnacle of the genus <spn>Anatifa</spn> or <spn>Lepas</spn>; -- called also <altname>duck barnacle</altname>. See <er>Barnacle</er>, and <er>Cirripedia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Goose cap</col>, <cd>a silly person.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Beau. & </i>. -- <col>Goose corn</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coarse kind of rush (<spn>Juncus squarrosus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Goose feast</col>, <cd>Michaelmas.</cd> <mark>[Colloq. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Goose flesh</col>, <cd>a peculiar roughness of the skin produced by cold or fear; -- called also <altname>goose skin</altname>.</cd><-- and <altname>goose pimples</altname> and <altname>goose bumps</altname> --> -- <col>Goose grass</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A plant of the genus <spn>Galium</spn> (<spn>G. Aparine</spn>), a favorite food of geese; -- called also <altname>catchweed</altname> and <altname>cleavers</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A species of knotgrass (<spn>Polygonum aviculare</spn>).</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The annual spear grass (<spn>Poa annua</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Goose neck</col>, <cd>anything, as a rod of iron or a pipe, curved like the neck of a goose; specially <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, an iron hook connecting a spar with a mast.</cd> -- <col>Goose quill</col>, <cd>a large feather or quill of a goose; also, a pen made from it.</cd> -- <col>Goose skin</col>. <cd>See <altname>Goose flesh</altname>, above.</cd> -- <col>Goose tongue</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a composite plant (<spn>Achillea ptarmica</spn>), growing wild in the British islands.</cd> -- <col>Sea goose</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Phalarope</er>.</cd> -- <col>Solan goose</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Gannet</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gooseberry</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Goose"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl</plu>. <plw>Gooseberries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <ety>[Corrupted for <ets>groseberry</ets> or <ets>groiseberry</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>groisele</ets>, F. <ets>groseille</ets>, -- of German origin; cf. G. <ets>krausbeere</ets>, <ets>kr\'84uselbeere</ets> (fr. <ets>kraus</ets> crisp), D. <ets>kruisbes</ets>, <ets>kruisbezie</ets> (as if <ets>crossberry</ets>, fr. <ets>kruis</ets> cross; for <ets>kroesbes</ets>, <ets>kroesbezie</ets>, fr. <ets>kroes</ets> crisp), Sw. <ets>krusb\'84r</ets> (fr. <ets>krus</ets>, <ets>krusing</ets>, crisp). The first part of the word is perh. akin to E. <ets>curl</ets>. Cf. <er>Grossular</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any thorny shrub of the genus <spn>Ribes</spn>; also, the edible berries of such shrub. There are several species, of which <spn>Ribes Grossularia</spn> is the one commonly cultivated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A silly person; a goose cap.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<cs><col>Barbadoes gooseberry</col>, <cd>a climbing prickly shrub (<spn>Pereskia aculeata</spn>) of the West Indies, which bears edible berries resembling gooseberries.</cd> -- <col>Coromandel gooseberry</col>. <cd>See <er>Carambola</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gooseberry fool</col>. <cd>See lst <er>Fool</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gooseberry worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of a small moth (<spn>Dakruma convolutella</spn>). It destroys the gooseberry by eating the interior.</cd></cs>

<h1>Goosefish</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Goose"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Z\'94ll.)</fld> <def>See <er>Angler</er>.</def>

<h1>Goosefoot</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Goose"foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbs (<spn>Chenopodium</spn>) mostly annual weeds; pigweed.</def>

<h1>Goosery</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Goos"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gooseries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place for keeping geese.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The characteristics or actions of a goose; silliness.</def>

<blockquote>The finical <b>goosery</b> of your neat sermon actor.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Goosewing</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Goose"wing`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of the clews or lower corners of a course or a topsail when the middle part or the rest of the sail is furled.</def>

<h1>Goosewinged</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Goose"winged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having a "goosewing."</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Said of a fore-and-aft rigged vessel with foresail set on one side and mainsail on the other; wing and wing.</def>

<h1>Goosish</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Goos"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a goose; foolish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Goost</h1>
<Xpage=639>

<hw>Goost</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ghost; spirit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Goot</h1>
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<hw>Goot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A goat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Go-out</h1>
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<hw>Go"-out`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sluice in embankments against the sea, for letting out the land waters, when the tide is out.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gowt</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Gopher</h1>
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<hw>Go"pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gaufre</ets> waffle, honeycomb. See <er>Gauffer</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of several North American burrowing rodents of the genera <spn>Geomys</spn> and <spn>Thomomys</spn>, of the family <spn>Geomyid\'91</spn>; -- called also <altname>pocket gopher</altname> and <altname>pouched rat</altname>. See <er>Pocket gopher</er>, and <er>Tucan</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The name was originally given by French settlers to many burrowing rodents, from their honeycombing the earth.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of several western American species of the genus <spn>Spermophilus</spn>, of the family <spn>Sciurid\'91</spn>; as, the gray gopher (<spn>Spermophilus Franklini</spn>) and the striped gopher (<spn>S. tridecemlineatus</spn>); -- called also <altname>striped prairie squirrel</altname>, <altname>leopard marmot</altname>, and <altname>leopard spermophile</altname>. See <er>Spermophile</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A large land tortoise (<spn>Testudo Carilina</spn>) of the Southern United States, which makes extensive burrows.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A large burrowing snake (<spn>Spilotes Couperi</spn>) of the Southern United States.</def>

<cs><col>Gopher drift</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>an irregular prospecting drift, following or seeking the ore without regard to regular grade or section.  <i>Raymond<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gopher wood</h1>
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<hw>Go"pher wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Heb. <ets>g&omac;pher</ets>.]</ety> <def>A species of wood used in the construction of Noah's ark.</def>

<i>Gen. vi. 14.</i>

<h1>Goracco</h1>
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<hw>Go*rac"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A paste prepared from tobacco, and smoked in hookahs in Western India.</def>

<h1>Goral</h1>
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<hw>Go"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Indian goat antelope (<spn>Nemorhedus goral</spn>), resembling the chamois.</def>

<h1>Goramy</h1>
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<hw>Go"ra*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Gourami</er>.</def>

<h1>Gor-bellied</h1>
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<hw>Gor"-bel`lied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bog-bellied.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gor-belly</h1>
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<hw>Gor"-bel`ly</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gore</ets> filth, dirt + <ets>belly</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prominent belly; a big-bellied person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gorce</h1>
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<hw>Gorce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>gort</ets>, nom. <ets>gorz</ets>, gulf, L. <ets>gurges</ets> whirlpool, gulf, stream. See <er>Gorge</er>.]</ety> <def>A pool of water to keep fish in; a wear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<-- "wear" here is in the sense of "weir".  But why the less-common word? -->

<h1>Gorcock</h1>
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<hw>Gor"cock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from <ets>gore</ets> blood.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The moor cock, or red grouse. See <er>Grouse</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Gorcrow</h1>
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<hw>Gor"crow`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gor</ets> dung, dirt. See <er>Gore</er> blood, dirt.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The carrion crow; -- called also <altname>gercrow</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Gord</h1>
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<hw>Gord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gourd</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Perh. hollow, and so named in allusion to a <ets>gourd</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument of gaming; a sort of dice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Gordiacea</h1>
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<hw>Gor`di*a"ce*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Gordian</er>, 1.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of nematoid worms, including the hairworms or hair eels (<spn>Gordius</spn> and <spn>Mermis</spn>). See <er>Gordius</er>, and <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Gordian</h1>
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<hw>Gor"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to <i>Gordius</i>, king of Phrygia, or to a knot tied by him; hence, intricate; complicated; inextricable.</def>

<cs><col>Gordian knot</col>, <cd>an intricate knot tied by Gordius in the thong which connected the pole of the chariot with the yoke. An oracle having declared that he who should untie it should be master of Asia, Alexander the Great averted the ill omen of his inability to loosen it by cutting it with his sword. Hence, a <i>Gordian knot<i> is an inextricable difficulty; and to <i>cut the Gordian knot<i> is to remove a difficulty by bold and energetic measures.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Gordiacea.</def>

<h1>Gordian</h1>
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<hw>Gor"di*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Gordiacea.</def>

<h1>Gordius</h1>
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<hw>Gor"di*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Gordian</er>, 1.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of long, slender, nematoid worms, parasitic in insects until near maturity, when they leave the insect, and live in water, in which they deposit their eggs; -- called also <altname>hair eel</altname>, <altname>hairworm</altname>, and <altname>hair snake</altname>, from the absurd, but common and widely diffused, notion that they are metamorphosed horsehairs.</def>

<h1>Gore</h1>
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<hw>Gore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gor</ets> dirt, dung; akin to Icel. <ets>gor</ets>, SW. <ets>gorr</ets>, OHG. <ets>gor</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>cord</ets>, <ets>chord</ets>, and <ets>yarn</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>g\'94rn</ets>, <ets>garnir</ets>, guts.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dirt; mud.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Fisher.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Blood; especially, blood that after effusion has become thick or clotted.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Gore</h1>
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<hw>Gore</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gore</ets>, <ets>gare</ets>, AS. <ets>g<?/ra</ets> angular point of land, fr. <ets>g<?/r</ets> spear; akin to D. <ets>geer</ets> gore, G. <ets>gehre</ets> gore, <ets>ger</ets> spear, Icel. <ets>geiri</ets> gore, <ets>geir</ets> spear, and prob. to E. <ets>goad</ets>. Cf. <er>Gar</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Garlic</er>, and <er>Gore</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wedgeshaped or triangular piece of cloth, canvas, etc., sewed into a garment, sail, etc., to give greater width at a particular part.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small traingular piece of land.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>One of the abatements. It is made of two curved lines, meeting in an acute angle in the fesse point.</def>

<note>&hand; It is usually on the sinister side, and of the tincture called <i>tenn\'82</i>. Like the other abatements it is a modern fancy and not actually used.</note>

<h1>Gore</h1>
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<hw>Gore</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Goring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gar</ets> spear, AS. <ets>g<?/r</ets>. See 2d <er>Gore</er>.]</ety> <def>To pierce or wound, as with a horn; to penetrate with a pointed instrument, as a spear; to stab.</def>

<blockquote>The low stumps shall <b>gore</b>
His daintly feet.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gore</h1>
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<hw>Gore</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cut in a traingular form; to piece with a gore; to provide with a gore; <as>as, to <ex>gore</ex> an apron</as>.</def>

<h1>Gorebill</h1>
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<hw>Gore"bill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[2d <ets>gore + bill</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The garfish.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Gorfly</h1>
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<hw>Gor"fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gorflies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Gore</ets> (AS. <ets>gor</ets>) dung + <ets>fly</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dung fly.</def>

<h1>Gorge</h1>
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<hw>Gorge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gorge</ets>, LL. <ets>gorgia</ets>, throat, narrow pass, and <ets>gorga</ets> abyss, whirlpool, prob. fr. L. <ets>gurgea</ets> whirlpool, gulf, abyss; cf. Skr. <ets>gargara</ets> whirlpool, <ets>g\'f0</ets> to devour. Cf. <er>Gorget</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The throat; the gullet; the canal by which food passes to the stomach.</def>

<blockquote>Wherewith he gripped her <b>gorge</b> with so great pain.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now, how abhorred! . . . my <b>gorge</b> rises at it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A narrow passage or entrance</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A defile between mountains</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The entrance into a bastion or other outwork of a fort; -- usually synonymous with <i>rear</i>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Bastion</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is gorged or swallowed, especially by a hawk or other fowl.</def>

<blockquote>And all the way, most like a brutish beast,<
e spewed up his <b>gorge</b>, that all did him detest.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A filling or choking of a passage or channel by an obstruction; <as>as, an ice <ex>gorge</ex> in a river</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A concave molding; a cavetto.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The groove of a pulley.</def>

<cs><col>Gorge circle</col> <fld>(Gearing)</fld>, <cd>the outline of the smallest cross section of a hyperboloid of revolution.</cd> -- <col>Gorge hook</col>, <cd>two fishhooks, separated by a piece of lead.  <i>Knight</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gorge</h1>
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<hw>Gorge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gorged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gorging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>gorger</ets>. See <er>Gorge</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To swallow; especially, to swallow with greediness, or in large mouthfuls or quantities.</def>

<blockquote>The fish has <b>gorged</b> the hook.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To glut; to fill up to the throat; to satiate.</def>

<blockquote>The giant <b>gorged</b> with flesh.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Gorge</b> with my blood thy barbarous appetite.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gorge</h1>
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<hw>Gorge</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To eat greedily and to satiety.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Gorged</h1>
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<hw>Gorged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a gorge or throat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Bearing a coronet or ring about the neck.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Glutted; fed to the full.</def>

<h1>Gorgelet</h1>
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<hw>Gor"ge*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small gorget, as of a humming bird.</def>

<h1>Gorgeous</h1>
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<hw>Gor"geous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>gorgias</ets> beautiful, glorious, vain, luxurious; cf. OF. <ets>gorgias</ets> ruff, neck handkerchief, and F. <ets>gorge</ets> throat, and <ets>se pengorger</ets> to assume airs. Cf. <er>Gorge</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Imposing through splendid or various colors; showy; fine; magnificent.</def>

<blockquote>Cloud-land, <b>gorgeous</b> land.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Gogeous</b> as the sun at midsummer.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Gor"geous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Gor"geous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Gorgerin</h1>
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<hw>Gor`ge*rin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>gorge</ets> neck.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>In some columns, that part of the capital between the termination of the shaft and the annulet of the echinus, or the space between two neck moldings; -- called also <altname>neck of the capital</altname>, and <altname>hypotrachelium</altname>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Column</er>.</def>

<h1>Gorget</h1>
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<hw>Gor"get</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>gorgete</ets>, dim. of <ets>gorge</ets> throat. See <er>Gorge</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of armor, whether of chain mail or of plate, defending the throat and upper part of the breast, and forming a part of the double breastplate of the 14th century.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of plate armor covering the same parts and worn over the buff coat in the 17th century, and without other steel armor.</def>

<blockquote>Unfix the <b>gorget's</b> iron clasp.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small ornamental plate, usually crescent-shaped, and of gilded copper, formerly hung around the neck of officers in full uniform in some modern armies.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A ruff worn by women.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cutting instrument used in lithotomy.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A grooved instrunent used in performing various operations; -- called also <altname>blunt gorget</altname>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<hr>
<page="640">
Page 640<p>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A crescent-shaped, colored patch on the neck of a bird or mammal.</def>

<cs><col>Gorget hummer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a humming bird of the genus <spn>Trochilus</spn>. See <er>Rubythroat</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gorgon</h1>
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<hw>Gor"gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Gorgo</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ terrible.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>One of three fabled sisters, Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa, with snaky hair and of terrific aspect, the sight of whom turned the beholder to stone. The name is particularly given to Medusa.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything very ugly or horrid.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The brindled gnu. See <er>Gnu</er>.</def>

<h1>Gorgon</h1>
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<hw>Gor"gon</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a Gorgon; very ugly or terrific; <as>as, a <ex>Gorgon</ex> face</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Gorgonacea</h1>
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<hw>Gor`go*na"ce*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gorgoniacea</er>.</def>

<h1>Gorgonean</h1>
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<hw>Gor*go"ne*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Gorgonian</er>, 1.</def>

<h1>Gorgoneion</h1>
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<hw>Gor`go*ne"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gorgoneia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>Gorgo`neios</grk>, equiv. to <grk>Gorgei^os</grk> belonging to a Gorgon.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A mask carved in imitation of a Gorgon's head.</def>

<i>Elmes.</i>

<h1>Gorgonia</h1>
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<hw>Gor*go"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a coral which hardens in the air.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A genus of Gorgoniacea, formerly very extensive, but now restricted to such species as the West Indian sea fan (<spn>Gorgonia flabellum</spn>), sea plume (<spn>G. setosa</spn>), and other allied species having a flexible, horny axis.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any slender branched gorgonian.</def>

<h1>Gorgoniacea</h1>
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<hw>Gor*go`ni*a"ce*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Gorgonia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the principal divisions of Alcyonaria, including those forms which have a firm and usually branched axis, covered with a porous crust, or c<?/nenchyma, in which the polyp cells are situated.</def>

<note>&hand; The axis is commonly horny, but it may be solid and stony (composed of calcium carbonate), as in the red coral of commerce, or it may be in alternating horny and stony joints, as in Isis. See <er>Alcyonaria</er>, <er>Anthozoa</er>, <er>C<?/nenchyma</er>.</note>

<h1>Gorgonian</h1>
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<hw>Gor*go"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Gorgoneus</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a Gorgon; terrifying into stone; terrific.</def>

<blockquote>The rest his look
Bound with <b>Gorgonian</b> rigor not to move.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Gorgoniacea; <as>as, <ex>gorgonian</ex> coral</as>.</def>

<h1>Gorgonian</h1>
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<hw>Gor*go"ni*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Gorgoniacea.</def>

<h1>Gorgonize</h1>
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<hw>Gor"gon*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To have the effect of a Gorgon upon; to turn into stone; to petrify.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Gorhen</h1>
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<hw>Gor"hen`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gor-</ets> as in <ets>gorcock</ets> + <ets>hen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The female of the gorcock.</def>

<h1>Gorilla</h1>
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<hw>Go*ril"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[An African word; found in a Greek translation of a treatise in Punic by Hanno, a Carthaginian.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, arboreal, anthropoid ape of West Africa. It is larger than a man, and is remarkable for its massive skeleton and powerful muscles, which give it enormous strength. In some respects its anatomy, more than that of any other ape, except the chimpanzee, resembles that of man.</def>

<mhw><h1>Goring, or Goring cloth</h1>
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<hw>Gor"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, or <hw>Gor"ing cloth`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt>, <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of canvas cut obliquely to widen a sail at the foot.</def>

<h1>Gorm</h1>
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<hw>Gorm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Axle grease. See <er>Gome</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Gorm</h1>
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<hw>Gorm</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To daub, as the hands or clothing, with gorm; to daub with anything sticky.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Gorma</h1>
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<hw>Gor"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European cormorant.</def>

<h1>Gormand</h1>
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<hw>Gor"mand</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gourmand</ets>; cf. Prov. F. <ets>gourmer</ets> to sip, to lap, <ets>gourmacher</ets> to eat improperly, F. <ets>gourme</ets> mumps, glanders, Icel. <ets>gormr</ets> mud, mire, Prov. E. <ets>gorm</ets> to smear, daub; all perh. akin to E. <ets>gore</ets> blood, filth. Cf. <er>Gourmand</er>.]</ety> <def>A greedy or ravenous eater; a <er>luxurious feeder</er>; <er>a gourmand</er>.</def>

<h1>Gormand</h1>
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<hw>Gor"mand</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gluttonous; voracious.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Gormander</h1>
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<hw>Gor"mand*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gormand</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gormandism</h1>
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<hw>Gor"mand*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Gluttony.</def>

<h1>Gormandize</h1>
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<hw>Gor"mand*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gormandized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gormandizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>gourmandise</ets> gluttony. See <er>Gormand</er>.]</ety> <def>To eat greedily; to swallow voraciously; to feed ravenously or like a glutton.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gormandizer</h1>
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<hw>Gor"mand*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A greedy, voracious eater; a gormand; a glutton.</def>

<h1>Goroon shell</h1>
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<hw>Go*roon" shell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, handsome, marine, univalve shell (<spn>Triton femorale</spn>).</def>

<h1>Gorse</h1>
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<hw>Gorse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. & AS. <ets>gorst</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>grow</ets>, <ets>grass</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Furze. See <er>Furze</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The common, overgrown with fern, and rough
With prickly <b>gorse</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Gorse bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European linnet; -- called also <altname>gorse hatcher</altname>.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Gorse chat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the winchat.</cd> -- <col>Gorse duck</col>, the corncrake; -- called also <altname>grass drake</altname>, <altname>land drake</altname>, and <altname>corn drake</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gory</h1>
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<hw>Gor"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Gore</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Covered with gore or clotted blood.</def>

<blockquote>Thou canst not say I did it; never shake
Thy <b>gory</b> locks at me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bloody; murderous.</def> "<i>Gory</i> emulation."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Goshawk</h1>
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<hw>Gos"hawk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>g<?/shafuc</ets>, lit., goosehawk; or Icel. <ets>g\'beshaukr</ets>. See <er>Goose</er>, and <er>Hawk</er> the bird.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any large hawk of the genus <spn>Astur</spn>, of which many species and varieties are known. The European (<spn>Astur palumbarius</spn>) and the American (<spn>A. atricapillus</spn>) are the best known species. They are noted for their powerful flight, activity, and courage. The Australian goshawk (<spn>A. Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91</spn>) is pure white.</def>

<h1>Gosherd</h1>
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<hw>Gos"herd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gosherde</ets>. See <er>Goose</er>, and <er>Herd</er> a herdsman.]</ety> <def>One who takes care of geese.</def>

<h1>Goslet</h1>
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<hw>Gos"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of pygmy geese, of the genus <spn>Nettepus</spn>. They are about the size of a teal, and inhabit Africa, India, and Australia.</def>

<h1>Gosling</h1>
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<hw>Gos"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>g<?/s</ets> goose + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A young or unfledged goose.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A catkin on nut trees and pines.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Gospel</h1>
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<hw>Gos"pel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gospel</ets>, <ets>godspel</ets>, AS. <ets>godspell</ets>; <ets>god</ets> God + <ets>spell</ets> story, tale. See <er>God</er>, and <er>Spell</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Glad tidings; especially, the good news concerning Christ, the Kingdom of God, and salvation.</def>

<blockquote>And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the <b>gospel</b> of the kingdom.
<i>Matt. iv. 23.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The steadfast belief of the promises of the <b>gospel</b>.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; It is probable that <i>gospel</i> is from. OE. <i>godspel</i>, God story, the narrative concerning God; but it was early confused with <i>god spell</i>, good story, good tidings, and was so used by the translators of the Authorized version of Scripture. This use has been retained in most cases in the Revised Version.</note>

<blockquote>Thus the literal sense [of <b>gospel</b>] is the "narrative of God," <it>i. e.</it>, the life of Christ.
<i>Skeat.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the four narratives of the life and death of Jesus Christ, written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A selection from one of the gospels, for use in a religious service; <as>as, the <ex>gospel</ex> for the day</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any system of religious doctrine; sometimes, any system of political doctrine or social philosophy; <as>as, this political <ex>gospel</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Anything propounded or accepted as infallibly true; <as>as, they took his words for <ex>gospel</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>If any one thinks this expression hyperbolical, I shall only ask him to read <b><OE/dipus</b>, instead of taking the traditional witticisms about Lee for <b>gospel</b>.
<i>Saintsbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gospel</h1>
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<hw>Gos"pel</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Accordant with, or relating to, the gospel; evangelical; <as>as, <ex>gospel</ex> righteousness</as>.</def>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Gospel</h1>
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<hw>Gos"pel</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To instruct in the gospel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gospeler</h1>
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<hw>Gos"pel*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>godspellere</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gospeller</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the four evangelists.</def>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<blockquote>Mark the <b>gospeler</b> was the ghostly son of Peter in baptism.
<i>Wyclif.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A follower of Wyclif, the first English religious reformer; hence, a Puritan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<blockquote>The persecution was carried on against the <b>gospelers</b> with much fierceness by those of the Roman persuasion.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A priest or deacon who reads the gospel at the altar during the communion service.</def>

<blockquote>The Archbishop of York was the celebrant, the epistoler being the dean, and the <b>gospeler</b> the Bishop of Sydney.
<i>Pall Mall Gazette.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gospelize</h1>
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<hw>Gos"pel*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gospelized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gospelizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Written also <ets>gospellize</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To form according to the gospel; <as>as, a command <ex>gospelized</ex> to us</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To instruct in the gospel; to evangelize; <as>as, to <ex>gospelize</ex> the savages</as>.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Goss</h1>
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<hw>Goss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gorse</er>.]</ety> <def>Gorse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gossamer</h1>
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<hw>Gos"sa*mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gossomer</ets>, <ets>gossummer</ets>, <ets>gosesomer</ets>, perh. for <ets>goose summer</ets>, from its downy appearance, or perh. for <ets>God's summer</ets>, cf. G. <ets>mariengarr</ets> gossamer, properly Mary's yarn, in allusion to the Virgin Mary. Perhaps the E. word alluded to a legend that the gossamer was the remnant of the Virgin Mary's winding sheet, which dropped from her when she was taken up to heaven. For the use of <ets>summer</ets> in the sense of film or threads, cf. G. <ets>M\'84dchensommer</ets>, <ets>Altweibersommer</ets>, <ets>fliegender Sommer</ets>, all meaning, gossamer.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A fine, filmy substance, like cobwebs, floating in the air, in calm, clear weather, especially in autumn. It is seen in stubble fields and on furze or low bushes, and is formed by small spiders.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any very thin gauzelike fabric; also, a thin waterproof stuff.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An outer garment, made of waterproof gossamer.</def>

<cs><col>Gossamer spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any small or young spider which spins webs by which to sail in the air. See <er>Ballooning spider</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gossamery</h1>
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<hw>Gos"sa*mer*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like gossamer; flimsy.</def>

<blockquote>The greatest master of <b>gossamery</b> affectation.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gossan</h1>
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<hw>Gos"san</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Decomposed rock, usually reddish or ferruginous (owing to oxidized pyrites), forming the upper part of a metallic vein.</def>

<h1>Gossaniferous</h1>
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<hw>Gos`san*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gossan</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing or producing gossan.</def>

<h1>Gossat</h1>
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<hw>Gos"sat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small British marine fish (<spn>Motella tricirrata</spn>); -- called also <altname>whistler</altname> and <altname>three-bearded rockling</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Gossib</h1>
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<hw>Gos"sib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gossip.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Gossip</h1>
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<hw>Gos"sip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gossib</ets>, <ets>godsib</ets>, a relation or sponsor in baptism, a relation by a religious obligation, AS. <ets>godsibb</ets>, fr. <ets>god + sib</ets> alliance, relation; akin to G. <ets>sippe</ets>, Goth. <ets>sibja</ets>, and also to Skr. <ets>sabh\'be</ets> assembly.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A sponsor; a godfather or a godmother.</def>

<blockquote>Should a great lady that was invited to be a <b>gossip</b>, in her place send her kitchen maid, 't would be ill taken.
<i>Selden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A friend or comrade; a companion; a familiar and customary acquaintance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>My noble <b>gossips</b>, ye have been too prodigal.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who runs house to house, tattling and telling news; an idle tattler.</def>

<blockquote>The common chat of <b>gossips</b> when they meet.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The tattle of a gossip; groundless rumor.</def>

<blockquote>Bubbles o'er like a city with <b>gossip</b>, scandal, and spite.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gossip</h1>
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<hw>Gos"sip</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To stand sponsor to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gossip</h1>
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<hw>Gos"sip</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gossiped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gossiping</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make merry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prate; to chat; to talk much.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To run about and tattle; to tell idle tales.</def>

<h1>Gossiper</h1>
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<hw>Gos"sip*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One given to gossip.</def>

<i>Beaconsfield.</i>

<h1>Gossiprede</h1>
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<hw>Gos"sip*rede</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Kindred</er>.]</ety> <def>The relationship between a person and his sponsors.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gossipry</h1>
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<hw>Gos"sip*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Spiritual relationship or affinity; gossiprede; special intimacy.</def>

<i>Bale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Idle talk; gossip.</def>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Gossipy</h1>
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<hw>Gos"sip*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of, or given to, gossip.</def>

<h1>Gossoon</h1>
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<hw>Gos*soon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>garson</ets> an attendant, fr. F. <ets>gar\'87on</ets>, OF. <ets>gars</ets>.]</ety> <def>A boy; a servant.</def> <mark>[Ireland]</mark>

<h1>Gossypium</h1>
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<hw>Gos*syp"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>gossypion</ets>, <ets>gossipion</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants which yield the cotton of the arts. The species are much confused. <i>G</i>. <i>herbaceum</i> is the name given to the common cotton plant, while the long-stapled sea-island cotton is produced by <i>G</i>. <i>Barbadense</i>, a shrubby variety. There are several other kinds besides these.</def>

<h1>Got</h1>
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<hw>Got</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Get</er>. See <er>Get</er>.</def>

<h1>Gote</h1>
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<hw>Gote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LG. <ets>gote</ets>, <ets>gaute</ets>, canal, G. <ets>gosse</ets>; akin to <ets>giessen</ets> to pour, shed, AS. <ets>ge\'a2tan</ets>, and E. <ets>fuse to</ets> melt.]</ety> <def>A channel for water.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Crose.</i>

<h1>Goter</h1>
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<hw>Go"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>a gutter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Goth</h1>
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<hw>Goth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Gothi</ets>, pl.; cf. Gr. <?/]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>One of an ancient Teutonic race, who dwelt between the Elbe and the Vistula in the early part of the Christian era, and who overran and took an important part in subverting the Roman empire.</def>

<note>&hand; Under the reign of Valens, they took possession of Dacia (the modern Transylvania and the adjoining regions), and came to be known as <i>Ostrogoths</i> and <i>Visigoths</i>, or <i>East</i> and <i>West</i> Goths; the former inhabiting countries on the Black Sea up to the Danube, and the latter on this river generally. Some of them took possession of the province of Moesia, and hence were called <i>Moesogoths</i>. Others, who made their way to Scandinavia, at a time unknown to history, are sometimes styled <i>Suiogoths</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is rude or uncivilized; a barbarian; a rude, ignorant person.</def>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Gothamist</h1>
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<hw>Go"tham*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wiseacre; a person deficient in wisdom; -- so called from Gotham, in Nottinghamshire, England, noted for some pleasant blunders.</def>

<i>Bp. Morton.</i>

<h1>Gothamite</h1>
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<hw>Go"tham*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A gothamist.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inhabitant of New York city.</def> <mark>[Jocular]</mark>

<i>Irving.</i>

<h1>Gothic</h1>
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<hw>Goth"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Gothicus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gothique</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the Goths; <as>as, <ex>Gothic</ex> customs</as>; also, rude; barbarous.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a style of architecture with pointed arches, steep roofs, windows large in proportion to the wall spaces, and, generally, great height in proportion to the other dimensions -- prevalent in Western Europe from about 1200 to 1475 <er>a</er>. <er>d</er>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Abacus</er>, and <er>Capital</er>.</def>

<h1>Gothic</h1>
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<hw>Goth"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The language of the Goths; especially, the language of that part of the Visigoths who settled in Moesia in the 4th century. See <er>Goth</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; Bishop Ulfilas or Walfila translated most of the Bible into Gothic about the Middle of the 4th century. The portion of this translaton which is preserved is the oldest known literary document in any Teutonic language.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of square-cut type, with no hair lines.</def>

<note>&hand; <gothictype>This is Nonpareil GOTHIC.</gothictype> </note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The style described in <er>Gothic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Gothicism</h1>
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<hw>Goth"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A Gothic idiom.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conformity to the Gothic style of architecture.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Rudeness of manners; barbarousness.</def>

<h1>Gothicize</h1>
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<hw>Goth"i*cize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gothicized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gothicizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make Gothic; to bring back to barbarism.</def>

<mhw><h1>G\'94thite, <it>or</it> Goethite</h1>
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<hw>G\'94"thite</hw>, <it>or</it> <hw>Goe"thite</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[After the poet <ets>G\'94the</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous oxide of iron, occurring in prismatic crystals, also massive, with a fibrous, reniform, or stalactitic structure. The color varies from yellowish to blackish brown.</def>

<h1>Gotten</h1>
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<hw>Got"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Get</er>.</def>

<h1>Gouache</h1>
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<hw>Gouache</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., It. <ets>guazzo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A method of painting with opaque colors, which have been ground in water and mingled with a preparation of gum; also, a picture thus painted.</def>

<h1>Goud</h1>
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<hw>Goud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>gaide</ets>, F. <ets>gu\'8ade</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>weit</ets>; or cf. F. <ets>gaude</ets> weld. Cf. <er>Woad</er>.]</ety> <def>Woad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Goudron</h1>
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<hw>Gou`dron"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., tar.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>a small fascine or fagot, steeped in wax, pitch, and glue, used in various ways, as for igniting buildings or works, or to light ditches and ramparts.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Gouge</h1>
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<hw>Gouge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gouge</ets>. LL. <ets>gubia</ets>, <ets>guvia</ets>, <ets>gulbia</ets>, <ets>gulvia</ets>, <ets>gulvium</ets>; cf. Bisc. <ets>gubia</ets> bow, <ets>gubioa</ets> throat.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A chisel, with a hollow or semicylindrical blade, for scooping or cutting holes, channels, or grooves, in wood, stone, etc.; a similar instrument, with curved edge, for turning wood.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bookbinder's tool for blind tooling or gilding, having a face which forms a curve.</def>

<hr>
<page="641">
Page 641<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An incising tool which cuts forms or blanks for gloves, envelopes, etc.. from leather, paper, etc.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Soft material lying between the wall of a vein aud the solid vein.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The act of scooping out with a gouge, or as with a gouge; a groove or cavity scooped out, as with a gouge.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Imposition; cheat; fraud; also, an impostor; a cheat; a trickish person.</def> <mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Gouge bit</col>, <cd>a boring bit, shaped like a gouge.</cd></cs>

<h1>Bouge</h1>
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<hw>Bouge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gouged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gouging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To scoop out with a gouge.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To scoop out, as an eye, with the thumb nail; to force out the eye of (a person) with the thumb.</def> <mark>[K S.]</mark>

<note>&hand; A barbarity mentioned by some travelers as formerly practiced in the brutal frays of desperadoes in some parts of the United States.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cheat in a bargain; to chouse.</def> <mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Gouger</h1>
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<hw>Gou"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Plum Gouger</er>.</def>

<h1>Gougeshell</h1>
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<hw>Gouge"shell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sharp-edged, tubular, marine shell, of the genus <spn>Vermetus</spn>; also, the pinna. See <er>Vermetus</er>.</def>

<h1>Goujere</h1>
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<hw>Gou"jere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gouge</ets> prostitute, a camp trull. Cf. <er>Good-year</er>.]</ety> <def>The venereal disease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gouland</h1>
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<hw>Gou"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Golding</er>.</def>

<h1>Goulards extract</h1>
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<hw>Gou*lard"s" ex"tract"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Named after the introducer, Thomas <ets>Goulard</ets>, a French surgeon.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An aqueous solution of the subacetate of lead, used as a lotion in cases of inflammation. Goulard's cerate is a cerate containing this extract.</def>

<h1>Gour</h1>
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<hw>Gour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Giaour</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fire worshiper; a Gheber or Gueber.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Koulan</er>.</def>

<h1>Goura</h1>
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<hw>Gou"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of large, crested ground pigeons of the genus <spn>Goura</spn>, inhabiting New Guinea and adjacent islands. The Queen Victoria pigeon (<spn>Goura Victoria</spn>) and the crowned pigeon (<spn>G. coronata</spn>) are among the beat known species.</def>

<h1>Gourami</h1>
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<hw>Gou"ra*mi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very largo East Indian freshwater fish (<spn>Osphromenus gorami</spn>), extensively reared in artificial ponds in tropical countries, and highly valued as a food fish. Many unsuccessful efforts have been made to introduce it into Southern Europe.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>goramy</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Gourd</h1>
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<hw>Gourd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gourde</ets>, OF. <ets>cougourde</ets>, <ets>gouhourde</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cucurbita</ets> gourd (cf. NPr. <ets>cougourdo</ets>); perh. akin to corbin basket, E. <ets>corb</ets>. Cf. <er>Cucurbite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fleshy, three-celled, many-seeded fruit, as the melon, pumpkin, cucumber, etc., of the order <spn>Cucurbitace\'91</spn>; and especially the bottle gourd (<spn>Lagenaria vulgaris</spn>) which occurs in a great variety of forms, and, when the interior part is removed, serves for bottles, dippers, cups, and other dishes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dipper or other vessel made from the shell of a gourd; hence, a drinking vessel; a bottle.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Bitter gourd</col>, <cd>colocynth.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gourd</h1>
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<hw>Gourd</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A false die. See <er>Gord</er>.</def>

<h1>Gourd, Gourde</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gourd</hw>, <hw>Gourde</hw><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>gordo</ets> large.]</ety> <def>A silver dollar; --  so called in Cuba, Hayti, etc.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Gourdiness</h1>
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<hw>Gourd"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Gourdy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>The state of being gourdy.</def>

<h1>Gourd tree</h1>
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<hw>Gourd" tree"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree (the <spn>Crescentia Cujete</spn>, or calabash tree) of the West Indies and Central America.</def>

<h1>Gourdworm</h1>
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<hw>Gourd"worm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fluke of sheep. See <er>Fluke</er>.</def>

<h1>Gourdy</h1>
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<hw>Gourd"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Either fr. <er>gourd</er>, or fr. F. <ets>gourd</ets> benumbed.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>Swelled in the legs.</def>

<h1>Gourmand</h1>
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<hw>Gour"mand</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A greedy or ravenous eater; a glutton. See <er>Gormand</er>.</def>

<blockquote>That great <b>gourmand</b>, fat Apicius
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gourmet</h1>
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<hw>Gour"met"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A connoisseur in eating and drinking; an epicure.</def>

<h1>Gournet</h1>
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<hw>Gour"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish. See <er>Gurnet</er>.</def>

<h1>Gout</h1>
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<hw>Gout</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>goutte</ets> a drop, the gout, the disease being considered as a defluxion, fr. L. <ets>gutta</ets> drop.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A drop; a clot or coagulation.</def>

<blockquote>On thy blade and dudgeon <b>gouts</b> of blood.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A constitutional disease, occurring by paroxysms. It constists in an inflammation of the fibrous and ligamentous parts of the joints, and almost always attacks first the great toe, next the smaller joints, after which, it may attack the greater articulations. It is attended with various sympathettic phenomena, particularly in the digestive organs. It may also attack internal organs, as the stomach, the intestines, etc.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A disease of cornstalks. See <cref>Corn fly</cref>, under <er>Corn</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Cout stones</col>. <cd>See <er>Chalkstone</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd></cs>

<h1>Co\'96t</h1>
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<hw>Co\'96t</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>gustus</ets> taste. See <er>Gusto</er>.]</ety> <def>Taste; relish.</def>

<h1>Goutily</h1>
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<hw>Gout"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a gouty manner.</def>

<h1>Goutiness</h1>
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<hw>Gout"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being gouty; gout.</def>

<h1>Goutweed </, Goutwort</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gout"weed`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <hw>Gout"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from having been formerly used in assuaging the pain of the gout.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (<spn>\'92gopodium Podagraria</spn>); -- called also <altname>bishop's weed</altname>, <altname>ashweed</altname>, and <altname>herb gerard</altname>.</def>

<h1>Gouty</h1>
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<hw>Gout"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Diseased with, or subject to, the gout; <as>as, a <ex>gouty</ex> person; a <ex>gouty</ex> joint.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to the gout.</def> "<i>Gouty</i> matter."

<i>Blackmore.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Swollen, as if from gout.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Boggy; <as>as, gouty land</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<cs><col>Gouty bronchitis</col>, <cd>bronchitis arising as a secondary disease during the progress of gout.</cd> -- <col>Gouty concretions</col>, <cd>calculi (urate of sodium) formed in the joints, kidneys, etc., of sufferers from gout.</cd> -- <col>Gouty kidney</col>, <cd>an affection occurring during the progress of gout, the kidney shriveling and containing concretions of urate of sodium.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gove</h1>
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<hw>Gove</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Also <ets>goaf</ets>, <ets>goof</ets>, <ets>goff</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mow; a rick for hay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Govern</h1>
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<hw>Gov"ern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Governed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Governing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>governer</ets>, F. <ets>gouverner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gubernare</ets> to steer, pilot, govern, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Gubernatorial</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To direct and control, as the actions or conduct of men, either by established laws or by arbitrary will; to regulate by authority.</def> "Fit to <i>govern</i> and rule multitudes."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To regulate; to influence; to direct; to restrain; to manage; <as>as, to <ex>govern</ex> the life; to <ex>govern</ex> a horse.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Govern</b> well thy appetite.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To require to be in a particular case; <as>as, a transitive verb <ex>governs</ex> a noun in the objective case</as>; or to require (a particular case); <as>as, a transitive verb <ex>governs</ex> the objective case</as>.</def>

<h1>Govern</h1>
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<hw>Gov"ern</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To exercise authority; to administer the laws; to have the control.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Governability</h1>
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<hw>Gov"ern*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Governableness.</def>

<h1>Governable</h1>
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<hw>Gov"ern*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gouvernable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being governed, or subjected to authority; controllable; manageable; obedient.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Governableness</h1>
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<hw>Gov"ern*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being governable; manageableness.</def>

<mhw><h1>Governal, Governail</h1>
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<hw>Gov"ern*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gov"ern*ail</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gouvernail</ets> helm, rudder, L. <ets>gubernaculum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Management; mastery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Governance</h1>
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<hw>Gov"ern*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. gouvernance.]</ety> <def>Exercise of authority; control; government; arrangement.</def>

<i>Chaucer. J. H. Newman.</i>

<h1>Governante</h1>
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<hw>Gov"ern*ante"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gouvernante</ets>. See <er>Govern</er>.]</ety> <def>A governess.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Governess</h1>
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<hw>Gov"ern*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>governeresse</ets>. See <er>Governor</er>.]</ety> <def>A female governor; a woman invested with authority to control and direct; especially, one intrusted with the care and instruction of children, -- usually in their homes.</def>

<h1>Governing</h1>
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<hw>Gov"ern*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Holding the superiority; prevalent; controlling; <as>as, a <ex>governing</ex> wind; a <ex>governing</ex> party in a state.</as></def>

<i>Jay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Requiring a particular case.</def>

<h1>Government</h1>
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<hw>Gov"ern*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gouvernement</ets>. See <er>Govern</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of governing; the exercise of authority; the administration of laws; control; direction; regulation; <as>as, civil, church, or family government</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The mode of governing; the system of polity in a state; the established form of law.</def>

<blockquote>That free <b>government</b> which we have so dearly purchased, free commonwealth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The right or power of governing; authority.</def>

<blockquote>I here resign my <b>goverment</b> to thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The person or persons authorized to administer the laws; the ruling powe; the administratian.</def>

<blockquote>When we, in England, speak of the <b>government</b>, we generally
understand the ministers of the crown for the time being.
<i>Mozley & W.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The body politic governed by one authority; a state; <as>as, the governments of Europe</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Management of the limbs or body.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The influence of a word in regard to construction, requiring that another word should be in a particular case.</def>

<h1>Governmental</h1>
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<hw>Gov"ern*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gouveernemental</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to government; made by government; <as>as, governmental duties</as>.</def>

<h1>Governor</h1>
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<hw>Gov"ern*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>governor</ets>, <ets>governour</ets>, OF. <ets>governeor</ets>, F. <ets>gouverneur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gubernator</ets> steersman, ruler, governor. See <er>Govern</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who governs; especially, one who is invested with the supreme executive authority in a State; a chief ruler or magistrate; <as>as, the governor of Pennsylvania</as>.</def> "The <i>governor</i> of the town."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who has the care or guardianship of a young man; a tutor; a guardian.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A pilot; a steersman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A contrivance applied to steam engines, water wheels, and other machinery, to maintain nearly uniform speed when the resistances and motive force are variable.</def>

<caption>
<note>&hand; The illustration shows a form of <i>governor</i> commonly used for steam engines, in wich a heavy sleeve (<it>a</it>) sliding on a rapidly revolving spindle (<it>b</it>), driven by the engine, is raised or lowered, when the speed varies, by the changing centrifugal force of two balls (<it>c c</it>) to which it is connected by links (<it>d d</it>), the balls being attached to arms (<it>e e</it>) which are jointed to the top of the spindle. The sleeve is connected with the throttle valve or cut-off through a lever (<it>f</it>), and its motion produces a greater supply of steam when the engine runs too slowly and a less supply when too fast.</note></caption>

<cs><col>Governor cut-off</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>a variable cut-off gear in which the governor acts in such a way as to cause the steam to be cut off from entering the cylinder at points of the stroke dependent upon the engine's speed.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic governor</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a governor which is operated by the action of a liquid in flowing; a cataract.</cd></cs>

<h1>Governor general</h1>
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<hw>Gov"ern*or gen"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A governor who has lieutenant or deputy governors under him; <as>as, the <ex>governor general</ex> of Canada, of India</as>.</def>

<h1>Governorship</h1>
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<hw>Gov"ern*or*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a governor.</def>

<h1>Gowan</h1>
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<hw>Gow"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot., fr. Gael. <ets>gugan</ets> bud, flower, daisy.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The daisy, or mountain daisy.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>And pu'd the <b>gowans</b> fine.
<i>Burns.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Decomposed granite.</def>

<h1>Gowany</h1>
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<hw>Gow"an*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having, abounding in, or decked with, daisies.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sweeter than <b>gowany</b> glens or new-mown hay.
<i>Ramsay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gowd</h1>
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<hw>Gowd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gold</er>.]</ety> <def>Gold; wealth.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>The man's the <b>gowd</b> for a' that.
<i>Burns.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gowden</h1>
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<hw>Gowd"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Golden.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Gowdie</h1>
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<hw>Gow"die</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Dragont</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Gowdnook</h1>
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<hw>Gowd"nook"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The saury pike; -- called also gofnick.</def>

<h1>Gowk</h1>
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<hw>Gowk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gawk</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a, booby of one); to stupefy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Gowk</h1>
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<hw>Gowk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gawk</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The European cuckoo; -- called also gawky.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A simpleton; a gawk or gawky.</def>

<h1>Gowl</h1>
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<hw>Gowl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gaulen</ets>, <ets>goulen</ets>. Cf. <er>Yawl</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>To howl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Gown</h1>
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<hw>Gown</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>goune</ets>, prob. from W. <ets>gwn</ets> gown, loose robe, akin to Ir. <ets>gunn</ets>, Gael. <ets>g\'97n</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>gone</ets>, prob. of the same origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A loose, flowing upper garment</def>; especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The ordinary outer dress of a woman; <as>as, a calico or silk <ex>gown</ex></as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The official robe of certain professional men and scholars, as university students and officers, barristers, judges, etc.; hence, the dress of peace; the dress of civil officers, in distinction from military</def>.

<blockquote>He Mars deposed, and arms to <b>gowns</b> made yield.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A loose wrapper worn by gentlemen within doors; a dressing gown</def>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any sort of dress or garb.</def>

<blockquote>He comes . . . in the <b>gown</b> of humility.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gowned</h1>
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<hw>Gowned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Dressed in a gown; clad.</def>

<blockquote><b>Gowned</b> in pure white, that fitted to the shape.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<mhw><h1>Gownsman, Gownman</h1>
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<hw>Gowns"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gown"man</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-men</plw> <tt>(-men)</tt></plu>. <def>One whose professional habit is a gown, as a divine or lawyer, and particularly a member of an English university; hence, a civilian, in distinction from a soldier.</def>

<h1>Gozzard</h1>
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<hw>Goz"zard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gosherd</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Graafian</h1>
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<hw>Graaf"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or discovered by, Regnier de Graaf, a Dutch physician.</def>

<cs><col>Graafian follicles</col><cd> or vesicles, small cavities in which the ova are developed in the ovaries of mammals, and by the bursting of which they are discharged.</cd></cs>

<h1>Graal</h1>
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<hw>Graal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See Grail., a dish.</def>

<h1>Grab</h1>
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<hw>Grab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. & Hind. <ets>ghur<?/b</ets> crow, raven, a kind of Arab ship.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel used on the Malabar coast, having two or three masts.</def>

<h1>Grab</h1>
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<hw>Grab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grabbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Grabbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to Sw. <ets>grabba</ets> to grasp. Cf. <er>Grabble</er>, <er>Grapple</er>, <er>Grasp</er>.]</ety> <def>To gripe suddenly; to seize; to snatch; to clutch.</def>

<h1>Grab</h1>
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<hw>Grab</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden grasp or seizure.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument for clutching objects for the purpose of raising them; -- specially applied to devices for withdrawing drills, etc., from artesian and other wells that are drilled, bored, or driven.</def>

<cs><col>Grab hag</col>, <cd>at fairs, a bag or box holding small articles which are to be drawn, without being seen, on payment of a small sum. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Grab game</col>, a theft committed by grabbing or snatching a purse or other piece of property. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Grabber</h1>
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<hw>Grab"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who seizes or grabs.</def>

<h1>Grabble</h1>
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<hw>Grab"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grabbled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Grabbling</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>grab</ets>; cf. D. <ets>grabbelen</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grope; to feel with the hands.</def>

<blockquote>He puts his hands into his pockets, and keeps a <b>grabbling</b> and fumbling.
<i>Selden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lie prostrate on the belly; to sprawl on the ground; to grovel.</def>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Grace</h1>
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<hw>Grace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gr\'83ce</ets>, L. <ets>gratia</ets>, from <ets>gratus</ets> beloved, dear, agreeable; perh. akin to Gr. <?/ to rejoice, <?/ favor, grace, Skr. <ets>hary</ets> to desire, and E. yearn. Cf. <er>Grateful</er>, <er>Gratis</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The exercise of love, kindness, mercy, favor; disposition to benefit or serve another; favor bestowed or privilege conferred.</def>

<blockquote>To bow and sue for <b>grace</b>
With suppliant knee.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The divine favor toward man; the mercy of God, as distinguished from His justice; also, any benefits His mercy imparts; divine love or pardon; a state of acceptance with God; enjoyment of the divine favor.</def>

<blockquote>And if by <b>grace</b>, then is it no more of works.
<i>Rom. xi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My <b>grace</b> is sufficicnt for thee.
<i>2 Cor. xii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where sin abounded, <b>grace</b> did much more abound.
<i>Rom. v. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By whom also we have access by faith into this <b>grace</b> wherein we stand.
<i>Rom. v.2</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The prerogative of mercy execised by the executive, as pardon.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The same prerogative when exercised in the form of equitable relief through chancery.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fortune; luck; -- used commonly with <i>hard</i> or <i>sorry</i> when it means misfortune.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Inherent excellence; any endowment or characteristic fitted to win favor or confer pleasure or benefit.</def>

<blockquote>He is complete in feature and in mind.
With all good <b>grace</b> to grace a gentleman.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have formerly given the general character of Mr. Addison's style and manner as natural and unaffected, easy and polite, and full of those <b>graces</b> which a flowery imagination diffuses over writing.
<i>Blair.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
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Page 642<p>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Beauty, physical, intellectual, or moral; loveliness; commonly, easy elegance of manners; perfection of form.</def>

<blockquote><b>Grace</b> in women gains the affections sooner, and secures them longer, than any thing else.
<i>Hazlitt.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I shall answer and thank you again For the gift and the <b>grace</b> of the gift.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>Graceful and beautiful females, sister goddesses, represented by ancient writers as the attendants sometimes of Apollo but oftener of Venus. They were commonly mentioned as three in number; namely, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, and were regarded as the inspirers of the qualities which give attractiveness to wisdom, love, and social intercourse.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>Graces</b> love to weave the rose.
<i>Moore.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Loves delighted, and the <b>Graces</b> played.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The title of a duke, a duchess, or an archbishop, and formerly of the king of England.</def>

<blockquote>How fares your <b>Grace</b> !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Commonly pl.)</fld> <def>Thanks.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Yielding <b>graces</b> and thankings to their lord Melibeus.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>A petition for grace; a blessing asked, or thanks rendered, before or after a meal.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Ornamental notes or short passages, either introduced by the performer, or indicated by the composer, in which case the notation signs are called <i>grace notes</i>, <i>appeggiaturas</i>, <i>turns</i>, etc.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Eng. Universities)</fld> <def>An act, vote, or decree of the government of the institution; a degree or privilege conferred by such vote or decree.</def>

<i>Walton.</i>

<p><b>13.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A play designed to promote or display grace of motion. It consists in throwing a small hoop from one player to another, by means of two sticks in the hands of each. Called also <altname>grace hoop</altname> or <altname>hoops</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Act of grace</col>. <cd>See under <er>Act</er>.</cd> -- <col>Day of grace</col></mcol> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>the time of probation, when the offer of divine forgiveness is made and may be accepted.</cd>

<blockquote>That day of <b>grace</b> fleets fast away.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Days of grace</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>the days immediately following the day when a bill or note becomes due, which days are allowed to the debtor or payer to make payment in.  In Great Britain and the United States, the <i>days of grace</i> are <i>three</i>, but in some countries more, the usages of merchants being different.</cd> -- <col>Good graces</col></mcol>, <cd>favor; friendship.</cd> -- <col>Grace cup</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A cup or vessel in which a health is drunk after grace.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A health drunk after grace has been said.</cd>

<blockquote>The <b>grace</b> cup follows to his sovereign's health.
<i>Hing.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Grace drink</col>, <cd>a drink taken on rising from the table; a grace cup.</cd>

<blockquote>To [Queen Margaret, of Scotland] . . . we owe the custom of the <b>grace drink</b>, she having established it as a rule at her table, that whosoever staid till grace was said was rewarded with a bumper.
<i>Encyc. Brit.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Grace hoop</col>, <cd>a hoop used in playing graces. See <er>Grace</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 13.</cd> -- <col>Grace note</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>an appoggiatura. See <er>Appoggiatura</er>, and def. 11 above.</cd> -- <col>Grace stroke</col>, <cd>a finishing stoke or touch; a coup de grace.</cd> -- <col>Means of grace</col>, <cd>means of securing knowledge of God, or favor with God, as the preaching of the gospel, etc.</cd> --  <col>To do grace</col>, <cd>to reflect credit upon.</cd>

<blockquote>Content to do the profession some <b>grace</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To say grace</col>, <cd>to render thanks before or after a meal.</cd> -- <col>With a good grace</col>, <cd>in a fit and proper manner grace fully; graciously.</cd> -- <col>With a bad grace</col></mcol>, <cd>in a forced, reluctant, or perfunctory manner; ungraciously.</cd>

<blockquote>What might have been done with a good <b>grace</b> would at least
be done with a bad grace.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>
</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Elegance; comeliness; charm; favor; kindness; mercy.</syn>  -- <usage><er>Grace</er>, <er>Mercy</er>. These words, though often interchanged, have each a distinctive and peculiar meaning. <i>Grace</i>, in the strict sense of the term, is spontaneous favor to the guilty or undeserving; mercy is kindness or compassion to the suffering or condemned. It was the <i>grace</i> of God that opened a way for the exercise of <i>mercy</i> toward men. See <er>Elegance</er>.</usage>

<h1>Grace</h1>
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<hw>Grace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Graced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gracing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To adorn; to decorate; to embellish and dignify.</def>

<blockquote>Great Jove and Phoebus graced his noble line.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We are <b>graced</b> with wreaths of victory.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dignify or raise by an act of favor; to honor.</def>

<blockquote>He might, at his pleasure, <b>grace</b> or disgrace whom he would
in court.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To supply with heavenly grace.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>(Mus.) To add grace notes, cadenzas, etc., to.</def>

<h1>Graced</h1>
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<hw>Graced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Graceful</h1>
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<hw>Grace"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Displaying grace or beauty in form or action; elegant; easy; agreeable in appearance; <as>as, a graceful walk, deportment, speaker, air, act, speech</as>.</def>

<blockquote>High o'er the rest in arms the <b>graceful</b> Turnus rode.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Grace"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <wf>Grace"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Graceless</h1>
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<hw>Grace"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanting in grace or excellence; departed from, or deprived of, divine grace; hence, depraved; corrupt.</def> "In a <i>graceless</i> age."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unfortunate. Cf. <er>Grace</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Grace"less*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Grace"less-ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Gracile, Gracillent</h1>
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<hw><hw>Grac"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Grac"il*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gracilis</ets>, <ets>gracilentus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Slender; thin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Gracility</h1>
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<hw>Gra*cil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. gracilitas; cf.  F. <ets>gracilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>State of being gracilent; slenderness.</def> <i>Milman</i>. "Youthful <i>gracility</i>."

<i>W.  D. Howells.</i>

<h1>Gracious</h1>
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<hw>Gra"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gracieux</ets>, L. <ets>gratiosus</ets>. See <er>Grace</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abounding in grace or mercy; manifesting love,. or bestowing mercy; characterized by grace; beneficent; merciful; disposed to show kindness or favor; condescending; <as>as, his most <ex>gracious</ex> majesty</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A god ready to pardon, <b>gracious</b> and merciful.
<i>Neh.  ix. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So hallowed and so <b>gracious</b> in the time.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Abounding in beauty, loveliness, or amiability; graceful; excellent.</def>

<blockquote>Since the birth of Cain, the first male child, . . .
There was not such a <b>gracious</b> creature born.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Produced by divine grace; influenced or controlled by the divine influence; <as>as, gracious affections</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Favorable; kind; benevolent; friendly; beneficent; benignant; merciful.</syn>

<h1>Graciously</h1>
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<hw>Gra"cious*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a gracious manner; courteously; benignantly.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fortunately; luckily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Graciousness</h1>
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<hw>Gra"cious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being gracious.</def>

<h1>Grackle</h1>
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<hw>Grac"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>graculus</ets> jackdaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of several American blackbirds, of the family <spn>Icterid\'91</spn>; <subtypes>as, the rusty grackle (<spn>Scolecophagus Carolinus</spn>); the boat-tailed grackle (see Boat-tail); the purple grackle (<spn>Quiscalus quiscula</spn>, or <spn>Q. versicolor</spn>).</subtypes> See <cref>Crow blackbird</cref>, under <er>Crow</er></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An Asiatic bird of the genus <spn>Gracula</spn>. See <er>Myna</er>.</def>

<h1>Gradate</h1>
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<hw>Gra"date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Grade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grade or arrange (parts in a whole, colors in painting, etc.), so that they shall harmonize.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To bring to a certain strength or grade of concentration; <as>as, to gradate a saline solution</as>.</def>

<h1>Gradation</h1>
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<hw>Gra*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <ety>[L. <ets>gradatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gradation</ets>. See <er>Grade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of progressing by regular steps or orderly arrangement; the state of being graded or arranged in ranks; <as>as, the gradation of castes</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or process of bringing to a certain grade.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any degree or relative position in an order or series.</def>

<blockquote>The several <b>gradations</b> of the intelligent universe.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A gradual passing from one tint to another or from a darker to a lighter shade, as in painting or drawing.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A diatonic ascending or descending succession of chords.</def>

<h1>Gradation</h1>
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<hw>Gra*da"tion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form with gradations.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Gradational</h1>
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<hw>Gra*da"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>By regular steps or gradations; of or pertaining to gradation.</def>

<h1>Gradatory</h1>
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<hw>Grad"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Grade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Proceeding step by step, or by gradations; gradual.</def>

<blockquote>Could we have seen [Macbeth's] crimes darkening on their progress . . . could this <b>gradatory</b> apostasy have been shown us.
<i>A. Seward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Suitable for walking; -- said of the limbs of an animal when adapted for walking on land.</def>

<h1>Gradatory</h1>
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<hw>Grad"a*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>gradatarium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A series of steps from a cloister into a church.</def>

<h1>Grade</h1>
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<hw>Grade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>grade</ets>, L. <ets>gradus</ets> step, pace, grade, from <ets>gradi</ets> to step, go. Cf. <er>Congress</er>, <er>Degree</er>, <er>Gradus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A step or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative position or standing; <as>as, <ex>grades</ex> of military rank; crimes of every <ex>grade</ex>; <ex>grades</ex> of flour.</as></def>

<blockquote>They also appointed and removed, at their own pleasure,
teachers of every <b>grade</b>.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>In a railroad or highway</fld>: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rate of ascent or descent; gradient; deviation from a level surface to an inclined plane; -- usually stated as so many feet per mile, or as one foot rise or fall in so many of horizontal distance; <as>as, a heavy <ex>grade</ex></as>; a <i>grade</i> of twenty feet per mile, or of 1 in 264.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A graded ascending, descending, or level portion of a road; a gradient.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Stock Breeding)</fld> <def>The result of crossing a native stock with some better breed. If the crossbreed have more than three fourths of the better blood, it is called high grade.</def>

<cs><col>At grade</col>, <cd>on the same level; -- said of the crossing of a railroad with another railroad or a highway, when they are on the same level at the point of crossing.</cd> -- <col>Down grade</col>, <cd>a descent, as on a graded railroad.</cd> -- <col>Up grade</col>, <cd>an ascent, as on a graded railroad.</cd> -- <col>Equating for grades</col>. <cd>See under <er>Equate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Grade crossing</col>, <cd>a crossing at grade.</cd></cs>

<h1>Grade</h1>
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<hw>Grade</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Graded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Grading</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To arrange in order, steps, or degrees, according to size, quality, rank, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reduce to a level, or to an evenly progressive ascent, as the line of a canal or road.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Stock Breeding)</fld> <def>To cross with some better breed; to improve the blood of.</def>

<h1>Gradely</h1>
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<hw>Grade"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>grad</ets> grade, step, order, fr. L. <ets>gradus</ets>. See <er>Grade</er>.]</ety> <def>Decent; orderly.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <i>Halliwell</i>. -- <def2><tt>adv.</tt> <def>Decently; in order.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></def2>

<h1>Grader</h1>
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<hw>Grad"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who grades, or that by means of which grading is done or facilitate.

<-- 2. A vehicle used for levelling earth, esp. one with a plow blade suspended from the center, used specifically for grading roads. -->

<h1>Gradient</h1>
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<hw>Gra"di*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gradiens</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>gradi</ets> to step, to go. See <er>Grade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Moving by steps; walking; <as>as, gradient automata</as>.</def>

<i>Wilkins.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rising or descending by regular degrees of inclination; <as>as, the gradient line of a railroad</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Adapted for walking, as the feet of certain birsds.</def>

<h1>Gradient</h1>
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<hw>Gra"di*ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The rate of regular or graded ascent or descent in a road; grade.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A part of a road which slopes upward or downward; a portion of a way not level; a grade.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The rate of increase or decrease of a variable magnitude, or the curve which represents it; <as>as, a thermometric gradient</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Gradient post</col>, <cd>a post or stake indicating by its height or by marks on it the grade of a railroad, highway, or embankment, etc., at that spot.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gradin, Gradine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gra"din</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gra*dine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gradin</ets>, <ets>dim</ets>. <ets>of grade</ets>. See <er>Grade</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Any member like a step, as the raised back of an altar or the like; a set raised over another.</def> "The <i>gradines</i> of the amphitheeater."

<i>Layard.</i>

<h1>Gradine</h1>
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<hw>Gra*dine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gradine</ets>.]</ety> <def>A toothed chised by sculptors.</def>

<h1>Grading</h1>
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<hw>Grad"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or method of arranging in or by grade, or of bringing, as the surface of land or a road, to the desired level or grade.</def>

<h1>Gradino</h1>
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<hw>Gra*di"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gradinos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A step or raised shelf, as above a sideboard or altar. Cf. <er>Superaltar</er>, and <er>Gradin</er>.</def>

<h1>Gradual</h1>
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<hw>Grad"u*al"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf; F. <ets>graduel</ets>. See <er>Grade</er>, and cf. <er>Gradual</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Proceeding by steps or degrees; advancing, step by step, as in ascent or descent or from one state to another; regularly progressive; slow; <as>as, a <ex>gradual</ex> increase of knowledge; a <ex>gradual</ex> decline.</as></def>

<blockquote>Creatures animate with <b>gradual</b> life
Of growth, sense, reason, all summed up in man.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gradual</h1>
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<hw>Grad"u*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>graduale</ets> a gradual (in sense 1), fr. L. <ets>gradus</ets> step: cf. F. <ets>graduel</ets>. See <er>Grade</er>, and cf. <er>Grail</er> a gradual.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An antiphon or responsory after the epistle, in the Mass, which was sung on the steps, or while the deacon ascended the steps.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A service book containing the musical portions of the Mass.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A series of steps.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Graduality</h1>
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<hw>Grad"u*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being gradual; gradualness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Gradually</h1>
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<hw>Grad"u*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a gradual manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In degree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Human reason doth not only <b>gradually</b>, but specifically, differ from the fantastic reason of brutes.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gradualness</h1>
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<hw>Grad"u*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being gradual; regular progression or gradation; slowness.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>gradualness</b> of this movement.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>gradualness</b> of growth is a characteristic which strikes the simplest observer.
<i>H. Drummond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Graduate</h1>
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<hw>Grad"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Graduated</er> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Graduating</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>graduer</ets>. See <er>Graduate</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Grade</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To mark with degrees; to divide into regular steps, grades, or intervals, as the scale of a thermometer, a scheme of punishment or rewards, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To admit or elevate to a certain grade or degree; esp., in a college or university, to admit, at the close of the course, to an honorable standing defined by a diploma; <as>as, he was graduated at Yale College</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To prepare gradually; to arrange, temper, or modify by degrees or to a certain degree; to determine the degrees of; <as>as, to graduate the heat of an oven</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Dyers advance and graduate their colors with salts.
<i>Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To bring to a certain degree of consistency, by evaporation, as a fluid.</def>

<cs><col>Graduating engine</col>, <cd>a dividing engine. See <cref>Dividing</cref> engine, under <er>Dividing</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Graduate</h1>
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<hw>Grad"u*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pass by degrees; to change gradually; to shade off; <as>as, sandstone which <ex>graduates</ex> into gneiss; carnelian sometimes <ex>graduates</ex> into quartz.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>To taper, as the tail of certain birds.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take a degree in a college or university; to become a graduate; to receive a diploma.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>graduated</b> at Oxford.
<i>Latham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He was brought to their bar and asked where he had <b>graduated</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Graduate</h1>
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<hw>Grad"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>graduatus</ets>, p. p. of graduare to admit to a degree, fr. L. <ets>gradus</ets> grade. See <er>Grade</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who has received an academical or professional degree; one who has completed the prescribed course of study in any school or institution of learning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A graduated cup, tube, or flask; a measuring glass used by apothecaries and chemists. See under <er>Graduated</er>.</def>

<h1>Graduate</h1>
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<hw>Grad"u*ate</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Graduate</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>Arrangei by successive steps or degrees; graduated.</def>

<blockquote>Beginning with the genus, passing through all the <b>graduate</b>
and subordinate stages.
<i>Tatham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Graduated</h1>
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<hw>Grad"u*a"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Marked with, or divided into, degrees; divided into grades.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Tapered; -- said of a bird's tail when the outer feathers are shortest, and the others successively longer.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Graduated</col> <col>tube, bottle, cap, &or; glass</col>, <cd>a vessel, usually of glass, having horizontal marks upon its sides, with figures, to indicate the amount of the contents at the several levels.</cd> -- <col>Graduated spring</col></mcol> <fld>(Railroads)</fld>, <cd>a combination of metallic and rubber springs.</cd></cs>

<h1>Graduateship</h1>
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<hw>Grad"u*ate*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being a graduate.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Graduation</h1>
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<hw>Grad"u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. graduatio promotion to a degree: cf. F. graduation division into degrees.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of graduating, or the state of being graduated; <as>as, <ex>graduation</ex> of a scale; <ex>graduation</ex> at a college; graduation in color; <ex>graduation</ex> by evaporation; the <ex>graduation</ex> of a bird's tail, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The marks on an instrument or vessel to indicate degrees or quantity; a scale.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The exposure of a liquid in large surfaces to the air, so as to hasten its evaporation.</def>

<h1>Graduator</h1>
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<hw>Grad"u*a"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who determines or indicates graduation; <as>as, a graduator of instruments</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument for dividing any line, right or curve, into small, regular intervals.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An apparatus for diffusing a solution, as brine or vinegar, over a large surface, for exposure to the air.</def>

<h1>Gradus</h1>
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<hw>Gra"dus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. gradus ad Parnassum a step to Parnassus.]</ety> <def>A dictionary of prosody, designed as an aid in writing Greek or Latin poetry.</def>

<blockquote>He set to work . . . without <b>gradus</b> or other help.
<i>T. Hughes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Graf</h1>
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<hw>Graf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. Cf. <er>-grave</er>.]</ety> <def>A German title of nobility, equivalent to earl in English, or count in French. See <er>Earl</er>.</def>

<h1>Graff</h1>
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<hw>Graff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>grafe</ets>, <ets>greife</ets>, <ets>greive</ets>. Cf. <er>Margrave</er>.]</ety> <def>A steward; an overseer.</def>

<blockquote>[A prince] is nothing but a servant, overseer, or <b>graff</b>, and not the head, which is a title belonging only to Christ.
<i>John Knox.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Graff</h1>
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<hw>Graff</hw> <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Graft</er>.</def>

<h1>Graffage</h1>
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<hw>Graff"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Grave, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>The scarp of a ditch or moat.</def> "To clean the <i>graffages</i>."

<i>Miss Mitford.</i>

<h1>Graffer</h1>
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<hw>Graf"fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See Greffier.]</ety> <fld>(Law.)</fld> <def>a notary or scrivener.</def>

<i>Bowvier.</i>

<-- p. 643  -->

<h1>Graffiti</h1>
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<hw>Graf*fi"ti</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[It., pl. of <ets>graffito</ets> scratched]</ety> <def>Inscriptions, figure drawings, etc., found on the walls of ancient sepulchers or ruins, as in the Catacombs, or at Pompeii.</def>

<h1>Graft</h1>
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<hw>Graft</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>graff</ets>, F. <ets>greffe</ets>, originally the same word as OF. <ets>grafe</ets> pencil, L. <ets>graphium</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ to write; prob. akin to E. <ets>carve</ets>. So named from the resemblance of a scion or shoot to a pointed pencil. Cf. <er>Graphic</er>, <er>Grammar.</er>]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it. The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the kind of fruit.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty.</def>

<h1>Graft</h1>
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<hw>Graft</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grafted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Grafting</er>.] <ety>[F. <ets>greffer</ets>. See <er>Graft</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To insert (a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree; to propagate by insertion in another stock; also, to insert a graft upon.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written <asp>graff</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.<p><b>  <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>To implant a portion of (living flesh or akin) in a lesion so as to form an organic union.</def>

<p><b>3.<p><b>  <def>To join (one thing) to another as if by grafting, so as to bring about a close union.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>graft</b> my love immortal on thy fame !
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.<p><b>  <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To cover, as a ring bolt, block strap, splicing, etc., with a weaving of small cord or rope-yarns.</def>

<h1>Graft</h1>
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<hw>Graft</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To insert scions from one tree, or kind of tree, etc., into another; to practice grafting.</def>

<h1>Grafter</h1>
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<hw>Graft"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who inserts scions on other stocks, or propagates fruit by ingrafting.</def>

<p><b>2.<p><b>  <def>An instrument by which grafting is facilitated.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The original tree from which a scion has been taken for grafting upon another tree.</def>

<i>Shak</i>.

<h1>Grafting</h1>
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<hw>Graft"ing</hw> <tt>n.</tt> 1. <fld>(Hort.)</fld> The act, art, or process of inserting grafts.

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The act or method of weaving a cover for a ring, rope end, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The transplanting of a portion of flesh or skin to a denuded surface; autoplasty.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A scarfing or endwise attachment of one timber to another.</def>

<cs><col>Cleft grafting</col> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <cd>a method of grafting in which the scion is placed in a cleft or slit in the stock or stump made by sawing off a branch, usually in such a manaer that its bark evenly joins that of the stock.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Crown, &or; Rind, grafting</col></mcol>, <cd>a method of grafting which the alburnum and inner bark are separated, and between them is inserted the lower end of the scion cut slantwise.</cd> -- <col>Saddle grafting</col>, <cd>a mode of grafting in which a deep cleft is made in the end of the scion by two sloping cuts, and the end of the stock is made  wedge-shaped to fit the cleft in the scion, which is placed upon it saddlewise.</cd> -- <col>Side grafting</col>, <cd>a mode of grafting in which the scion, cut quite across very obliquely, so as to give it the form of a slender wedge, is thrust down inside of the bark of the stock or stem into which it is inserted, the cut side of the scion being next the wood of the stock.</cd> -- <col>Skin grafting</col>. <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Autoplasty.</er></cd> -- <col>Splice grafting</col> <fld>(Hort.)</fld>, <cd>a method of grafting by cutting the ends of the scion and stock completely across and obliquely, in such a manner that the sections are of the same shape, then lapping the ends so that the one cut surface exactly fits the other, and securing them by tying or otherwise.</cd> -- <col>Whip grafting</col>, <cd>tongue grafting, the same as splice grafting, except that a cleft or slit is made in the end of both scion and stock, in the direction of the grain and in the middle of the sloping surface, forming a kind of tongue, so that when put together, the tongue of each is inserted in the slit of the other.</cd> -- <col>Grafting scissors</col>, <cd>a surgeon's scissors, used in rhinoplastic operations, etc.</cd> -- <col>Grafting tool</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any tool used in grafting.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A very strong curved spade used in digging canals.</cd> -- <col>Grafting wax</col>, <cd>a composition of rosin, beeswax tallow, etc., used in binding up the wounds of newly grafted trees.</cd></cs>

<h1>Graham bread</h1>
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<hw>Gra"ham bread"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From Sylvester <ets>Graham</ets>, a lecturer on dietetics.]</ety> <def>Bread made of unbolted wheat flour.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Grahamite</h1>
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<hw>Gra"ham*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Graham bread</er>.]</ety> <def>One who follows the dietetic system of Graham.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Grail</h1>
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<hw>Grail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>greel</ets>, LL. <ets>gradale.</ets> See <er>Gradual</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A book of offices in the Roman Catholic Church; a gradual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<blockquote>Such as antiphonals, missals, <b>grails</b>, processionals, etc.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grail</h1>
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<hw>Grail</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>graal</ets>, <ets>greal</ets>, greet, F. <ets>graal</ets>, <ets>gr?al</ets>, LL. <ets>gradalis</ets>, <ets>gradale</ets>, prob. derived fr. L. <ets>crater</ets> bowl, mixing vessel, Gr. <grk>krath`r</grk>.  See <er>Crater.</er>]</ety> <def>A broad, open dish; a chalice; -- only used of the Holy Grail.</def>

<note>&hand;The <i>Holy Grail</i>, according to some legends of the Middle Ages, was the cup used by our Savior in dispensing the wine at the last supper; and  according to others, the platter on which the paschal lamb was served at the last Passover observed by our Lord. This cup, according to the legend, if appoached by any but a perfectly pure and holy person, would be borne away and vanish from the sight. The <i>quest </i> of the Holy Grail was to be undertaken only by a knight who was perfectly chaste in thought, word, and act.</note]>

<h1>Grail</h1>
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<hw>Grail</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gr&ecir;le</ets> hail, from <ets>gr\'90s</ets> grit, OHG. <ets>griex</ets>, <ets>grioz</ets>, G. <ets>gries</ets>, gravel, grit. See <er>Grit.</er>]</ety> <def>Small particles of earth; gravel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lying down upon the sandy <b>grail.</b>
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grail</h1>
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<hw>Grail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>graite</ets> slender, F. <ets>gr&ecir;te</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of the small feathers of a hawk.</def>

<h1>Graille</h1>
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<hw>Graille</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gr&ecir;le</ets> a sort of file.]</ety> <def>A halfround single-cut file or fioat, having one curved face and one straight face, -- used by comb makers.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Grain</h1>
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<hw>Grain</hw>, <tt>v. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Groan.</er></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Grain</h1>
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<hw>Grain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>grain</ets>, L. <ets>granum</ets>, grain, seed, small kernel, small particle. See <er>Corn</er>, and cf. <er>Garner</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Garnet</er>, <er>Gram</er> the chick-pea, <er>Granule</er>, <er>Kernel.</er>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A single small hard seed; a kernel, especially of  those plants, like wheat, whose seeds are used for food.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fruit of certain grasses which furnish the chief food of man, as corn, wheat, rye, oats, etc., or the plants themselves; -- used collectively.</def>

<blockquote>Storehouses crammed with <b>grain.</b>
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any small, hard particle, as of sand, sugar, salt, etc.; hence, any minute portion or particle; <as>as, a <ex>grain</ex> of gunpowder, of pollen, of starch, of sense, of wit, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>I . . . with a <b>grain</b> of manhood well resolved.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The unit of the English system of weights; -- so called because considered equal to the average of grains taken from the middle of the ears of wheat. 7,000 grains constitute the pound avoirdupois, and 5,760 grains the pound troy.  A grain is equal to .0648 gram. See <er>Gram.</er> </def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A reddish dye made from the coccus insect, or kermes; hence, a red color of any tint or hue, as crimson, scarlet, etc.; sometimes used by the poets as equivalent to <cref>Tyrian purple</cref>.</def>

<blockquote>All in a robe of darkest <b>grain.</b>
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Doing as the dyers do, who, having first dipped their silks in colors of less value, then give' them the last tincture of crimson in <b>grain.</b>
<i>Quoted by Coleridge, preface to Aids to Reflection.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The composite particles of any substance; that arrangement of the particles of any body which determines its comparative roughness or hardness; texture; <as>as, marble, sugar, sandstone, etc., of fine <ex>grain</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Hard box, and linden of a softer grain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The direction, arrangement, or appearance of the fibers in wood, or of the strata in stone, slate, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Knots, by the conflux of meeting sap,
Infect the sound pine and divert his <b>grain</b>
Tortive and errant from his course of growth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The fiber which forms the substance of wood or of any fibrous material.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>The <i>hair</i> side of a piece of leather, or the marking on that side.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>10.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The remains of grain, etc., after brewing or distillation; hence, any residuum. Also called <altname>draff.</altname></def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A rounded prominence on the back of a sepal, as in the common dock. See <er>Grained</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 4.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>Temper; natural disposition; inclination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Brothers . . . not united in <b>grain.</b>
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>A sort of spice, the grain of paradise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He cheweth <b>grain</b> and licorice,
To smellen sweet.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>


<cs><col>Against the grain</col>, <cd>against or across the direction of the fibers; hence, against one's wishes or tastes; unwillingly; unpleasantly; reluctantly; with difficulty.</cd> <i>Swift.</i><i>Saintsbury.</i>-- <col>A grain of allowance</col>, <cd>a slight indulgence or latitude a small allowance.</cd> -- <col>Grain binder</col>, <cd>an attachment to a harvester for binding the grain into sheaves.</cd> -- <col>Grain colors</col>, <cd>dyes made from the coccus or kermes in sect.</cd> -- <col>Grain leather</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Dressed horse hides.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Goat, seal, and other skins blacked on the grain side for women's shoes, etc.</cd>  -- <col>Grain moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several small moths, of the family <spn>Tineid\'91</spn> (as <spn>Tinea granella</spn> and <spn>Butalis cereAlella</spn>), whose larv\'91 devour grain in storehouses.</cd> -- <col>Grain side</col> <fld>(Leather)</fld>, <cd>the side of a skin or hide from which the hair has been removed; -- opposed to <contr>flesh side.</contr></cd> -- <col>Grains of paradise</col>, <cd>the seeds of a species of amomum.</cd> -- <col>grain tin</col>, <cd>crystalline tin ore metallic tin smelted with charcoal.</cd> -- <col>Grain weevil</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small red weevil (Sitophilus granarius), which destroys stored wheat and othar grain, by eating out the interior.</cd> -- <col>Grain worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the grain moth. See <cref>grain moth</cref>, above.</cd> -- <col>In grain</col>, <cd>of a fast color; deeply seated; fixed; innate; genuine.</cd> "Anguish in grain." <i>Herbert.</i>-- <col>To dye in grain</col>, <cd>to dye of a fast color by means of the coccus or kermes grain [see <er>Grain</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5]; hence, to dye firmly; also, to dye in the wool, or in the raw material. See under <er>Dye.</er></cd>

<blockquote>The red roses flush up in her cheeks . . .
Likce crimson dyed in <b>grain.</b>
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To go against the grain of</col> (a person), <cd>to be repugnant to; to vex, irritate, mortify, or trouble.</cd>

<h1>Grain</h1>
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<hw>Grain</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Graining.</er>]

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To paint in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form (powder, sugar, etc.) into grains.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take the hair off (skins); to soften and raise the grain of (leather, etc.).</def>

<h1>Grain</h1>
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<hw>Grain</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>grainer</ets>, <ets>grener.</ets> See <er>Grain</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To yield fruit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form grains, or to assume a granular ferm, as the result of crystallization; to granulate.</def>

<h1>Grain</h1>
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<hw>Grain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Groin</er> a part of the body.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A branch of a tree; a stalk or stem of a plant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>G. Douglas.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tine, prong, or fork.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One the branches of a valley or of a river.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An iron first speak or harpoon, having four or more barbed points.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A blade of a sword, knife, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A thin piece of metal, used in a mold to steady a core.</def>

<h1>Grained</h1>
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<hw>Grained</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a grain; divided into small particles or grains; showing the grain; hence, rough.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dyed in grain; ingrained.</def>

<blockquote>Persons lightly dipped, not <b>grained</b>, in generous honesty, are but pale in goodness.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Painted or stained in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having tubercles or grainlike processes, as the petals or sepals of some flowers.</def>

<h1>Grainer</h1>
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<hw>Grain"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An infusion of pigeon's dung used by tanners to neutralize the effects of lime and give flexibility to skins; -- called also <altname>grains</altname> and <altname>bate.</altname></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A knife for taking the hair off skins.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who paints in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.; also, the brush or tool used in graining.</def>

<h1>Grainfield</h1>
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<hw>Grain"field`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A field where grain is grown.</def>

<h1>Graining</h1>
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<hw>Grain"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Indentation; roughening; milling, as on edges of coins.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A process in dressing leather, by which the skin is softened and the grain raised.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Painting or staining, in imitation of the grain of  wood, atone, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Soap Making)</fld> <def>The process of separating soap from spent lye, as with salt.</def>

<h1>Graining</h1>
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<hw>Grain"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European fresh-water fish (Leuciscus vulgaris); - called also dobule, and dace.</def>

<h1>Grains</h1>
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<hw>Grains</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>See 5th <er>Grain</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2 <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pigeon's dung used in tanning.  See <er>Grainer.</er> <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</def>

<h1>Grainy</h1>
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<hw>Grain"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling grains; granular.</def>

<h1>Graip</h1>
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<hw>Graip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. akin to grope, gripe.]</ety> <def>A dungfork.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Graith</h1>
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<hw>Graith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Greith.</er></def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Graith</h1>
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<hw>Graith</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Furniture; apparatus or accouterments for work, traveling, war, etc.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Grakle</h1>
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<hw>Gra"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Grackle.</er></def>

<h1>Grall\'91</h1>
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<hw>Gral"l\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>grallae</ets> stilts, for <ets>gradulae</ets>, fr. <ets>gradus.</ets>  See <er>Grade.</er>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of birds which formerly included all the waders.  By later writers it is usually restricted to the sandpipers, plovers, and allied forms; -- called also <altname>Grallatores.</altname></def>

<h1>Grallatores</h1>
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<hw>Gral"la*to"res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. from L. <ets>grallator</ets> one who runs on stilts.]</ety> <fld>(Zo&ouml;l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Grall\'91</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Grallatorial, Grallatory</h1>
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<hw>Gral`la*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gral"la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<mhw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Grallatores, or waders.</def>

<h1>Grallic</h1>
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<hw>Gral"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Grall\'91.</def>

<h1>Gralline</h1>
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<hw>Gral"line</hw> <tt>(l&imac;n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Grall\'91.</def>

<h1>Gralloch</h1>
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<hw>Gral"loch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Offal of a deer.</def> -- <def2><tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To remove the offal from (a deer).</def></def2>

<h1>-gram</h1>
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<hw>-gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. ? a thing drawn or written, a letter, fr. <grk>gra`fein</grk> to draw, write. See <er>Graphic.</er>]</ety> <def>A suffix indicating something drawn or written, a drawing, writing; -- as, monogram, telegram, chronogram.</def>

<h1>Gram</h1>
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<hw>Gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. gram; akin to E. grim. &root;35.]</ety> <def>Angry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Havelok, the Dane.</i>

<h1>Gram</h1>
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<hw>Gram</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>gr?o</ets> grain. See <er>Grain.</er>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The East Indian name of the chick-pea (<spn>Cicer arietinum</spn>) and its seeds; also, other similar seeds there used for food.</def>

<mhw><h1>Gram, Gramme</h1>
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<hw>Gram</hw>, <hw>Gramme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gramme</ets>, from Gr. ? that which is written, a letter, a small weight, fr. ? to write. See <er>Graphic.</er>]</ety> <def>The unit of weight in the metric system. It was intended to be exactly, and is very nearly, equivalent to the weight in a vacuum of one cubic centimeter of pure water at its maximum density. It is equal to 15.432 grains. See <er>Grain</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<cs><col>Gram degree</col>, &or; <col>Gramme degree</col></mcol> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>a unit of heat, being the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of pure water one degree centigrade.</cd> -- <col>Gram equivalent</col> <fld>(Electrolysis)</fld>, <cd>that quantity of the metal which will replace one gram of hydrogen.</cd>

<h1>Grama grass</h1>
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<hw>Gra"ma grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Sp. <ets>grama</ets> a sort of grass.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of several kinds of pasture grasses found in the Western United States, esp. the <spn>Bouteloua oligostachya</spn>.</def>

<h1>Gramarye</h1>
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<hw>Gram"a*rye</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gramer</ets>, <ets>grameri</ets>, <ets>gramori</ets>, grammar, magic, OF. <ets>gramaire</ets>, F. <ets>grammaire.</ets>  See <er>Grammar.</er>]</ety> <def>Necromancy; magic.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Gramashes</h1>
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<hw>Gra*mash"es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gamashes.</er>]</ety> <def>Gaiters reaching to the knee; leggings.</def>

<blockquote>Strong gramashes, or leggings of thick gray cloth.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grame</h1>
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<hw>Grame</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gram</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anger; wrath; scorn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sorrow; grief; misery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gramercy</h1>
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<hw>Gra*mer"cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>grand-merci</ets>. See <er>Grand</er>, and <er>Mercy.</er>]</ety> <def>A word formerly used to express thankfulness, with surprise; many thanks.</def>

<blockquote>Gramercy, Mammon, said the gentle knight.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="644">
Page 644<p>

<h1>Graminaceous</h1>
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<hw>Gram"i*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gramen</ets>, <ets>graminis</ets>, grass.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the grasses; gramineous; <as>as, <ex>graminaceous</ex> plants</as>.</def>

<h1>Gramineal</h1>
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<hw>Gra*min"e*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gramineous.</def>

<h1>Gramineous</h1>
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<hw>Gra*min"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gramineus</ets>, fr. <ets>gramen</ets>, <ets>graminis</ets>, grass.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Like, Or pertaining to, grass. See <er>Grass</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Graminifolious</h1>
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<hw>Gram"i*ni*fo"li*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gramen</ets>, <ets>graminis</ets>, grass + <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing leaves resembling those of grass.</def>

<h1>Graminivorous</h1>
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<hw>Gram"i*niv"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gramen</ets>, <ets>graminis</ets>, grass + <ets>vorare</ets> to eat greedily.]</ety> <def>Feeding or subsisting on grass, and the like food; -- said of horses, cattle, and other animals.</def>

<h1>Grammalogue</h1>
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<hw>Gram"ma*logue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>gra`mma</grk> letter + <grk>lo`gos</grk> word. Cf. <er>Logogram</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Phonography)</fld> <def>Literally, a <it>letter word</it>; a word represented by a logogram; <as>as, <it>it</it>, represented by |, that is, t</as>. pitman.</def>

<h1>Grammar</h1>
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<hw>Gram"mar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gramere</ets>, OF. <ets>gramaire</ets>, F. <ets>grammaire</ets> Prob. fr. L. <ets>gramatica</ets> Gr <?/, fem. of <?/ skilled in grammar, fr. <?/ letter. See <er>Gramme</er>, <er>Graphic</er>, and cf. <er>Grammatical</er>, <er>Gramarye</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science which treats of the principles of language; the study of forms of speech, and their relations to one another; the art concerned with the right use aud application of the rules of a language, in speaking or writing.</def>

<note>&hand; The whole fabric of grammar rests upon the classifying of words according to their function in the sentence.</note>

<i>Bain.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The art of speaking or writing with correctness or according to established usage; speech considered with regard to the rules of a grammar.</def>

<blockquote>The original bad <b>grammar</b> and bad spelling.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A treatise on the principles of language; a book containing the principles and rules for correctness in speaking or writing.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>treatise on the elements or principles of any science; <as>as, a grammar of geography</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Comparative grammar</col>, <cd>the science which determines the relations of kindred languages by examining and comparing their grammatical forms.</cd> -- <col>Grammar school</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A school, usually endowed, in which Latin and Greek grammar are taught, as also other studies preparatory to colleges or universities; as, the famous Rugby <i>Grammar School</i>. This use of the word is more common in England than in the United States.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>When any town shall increase to the number of a hundred
families or householders, they shall set up a <b>grammar</b> school, the master thereof being able to instruct youth so far as they may be fitted for the University.
<i>Mass. Records (1647).</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In the American system of graded common schools an intermediate grade between the primary school and the high school, in which the principles of English grammar are taught.</cd><-- now = primary school -->

<h1>Grammar</h1>
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<hw>Gram"mar</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To discourse according to the rules of grammar; to use grammar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Grammarian</h1>
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<hw>Gram*ma"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>grammairien</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One versed in grammar, or the construction of languages; a philologist.</def>

<note>&hand; "The term was used by the classic ancients as a term of honorable distinction for all who were considered learned in any art or faculty whatever." <i>Brande & C.</i></note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who writes on, or teaches, grammar.</def>

<h1>Grammarianism</h1>
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<hw>Gram*ma"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles, practices, or peculiarities of grammarians.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Grammarless</h1>
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<hw>Gram"mar*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without grammar.</def>

<h1>Grammates</h1>
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<hw>Gram"mates</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ letters, written rules.]</ety> <def>Rudiments; first principles, as of grammar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Grammatic</h1>
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<hw>Gram*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Grammatical.</def>

<h1>Grammatical</h1>
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<hw>Gram*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>grammaticus</ets>, <ets>grammaticalis</ets>; Gr. <?/ skilled in grammar, knowing one's letters, from <?/ a letter: cf. F. <ets>grammatical</ets>. See <er>Grammar</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to grammar; of the nature of grammar; <as>as, a grammatical rule</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>According to the rules of grammar; grammatically correct; <as>as, the sentence is not <ex>grammatical</ex>; the construction is not <ex>grammatical.</ex></as></def>

--<wordforms><wf>Gram*mat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Gram*mat"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Grammaticaster</h1>
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<hw>Gram*mat"icas"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>A petty grammarian; a grammatical pedant or pretender.</def>

<blockquote>My noble Neophite, my little <b>grammaticaster</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grammatication</h1>
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<hw>Gram*mat"i*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A principle of grammar; a grammatical rule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dalgarno.</i>

<h1>Grammaticism</h1>
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<hw>Gram*mat"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A point or principle of grammar.</def>

<i>Abp. Leighton.</i>

<h1>Grammaticize</h1>
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<hw>Gram*mat"i*cize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grammaticized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Grammaticizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To render grammatical.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Grammatist</h1>
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<hw>Gram"ma*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>grammatista</ets> schoolmaster, Gr. <?/, from <?/ to teach the letters, to be a scribe: cf. F. <ets>grammatiste</ets>. See <er>Grammatical</er>.]</ety> <def>A petty grammarian.</def> <mark>[R]</mark>

<i>Tooke.</i>

<h1>Gramme</h1>
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<hw>Gramme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as Gram the weight.</def>

<h1>Gramme machine</h1>
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<hw>Gramme" ma*chine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A kind of dynamo-electric machine; -- so named from its French inventor, M. <i>Gramme</i>.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Grampus</h1>
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<hw>Gram"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Grampuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Probably corrupted from It. <ets>gran pesce</ets> great fish, or Sp. <ets>gran pez</ets>, or Pg. <ets>gran peixe</ets>, all fr. L. <ets>grandis piscis</ets>. See <er>Grand</er>, and <er>Fish</er>. the animal.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A toothed delphinoid cetacean, of the genus <spn>Grampus</spn>, esp. <spn>G. griseus</spn> of Europe and America, which is valued for its oil. It grows to be fifteen to twenty feet long; its color is gray with white streaks. Called also <altname>cowfish</altname>. The California grampus is <spn>G. Stearnsii</spn>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of tongs used in a bloomery.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Granade, Granado</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gra*nade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gra*na"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Grenade</er>.</def>

<h1>Granadilla</h1>
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<hw>Grana*dil"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., dim. of <ets>granada</ets> pomegranate. See <er>Grenade</er>, <er>Garnet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit of certain species of passion flower (esp. <spn>Passiflora quadrangularis</spn>) found in Brazil and the West Indies. It is as large as a child's head, and is a good dessert fruit. The fruit of <spn>Passiflora edulis</spn> is used for flavoring ices.</def>

<h1>Granary</h1>
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<hw>Gran"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Granaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>granarium</ets>, fr. <ets>granum</ets> grain. See <er>Garner</er>.]</ety> <def>A storehouse or repository for grain, esp. after it is thrashed or husked; a cornbouse; also (<mark>Fig</mark>.), a region fertile in grain.<-- in this sense, equivalent to "breadbasket", used figuratively --></def>

<blockquote>The exhaustless <b>granary</b> of a world.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Granate</h1>
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<hw>Gran"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Garnet</er>.</def>

<h1>Granatin</h1>
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<hw>Gra*na"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>granatum</ets> the pomegranate.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Mannite; -- so called because found in the pomegranate.</def>

<h1>Granatite</h1>
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<hw>Gran"a*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Staurolite</er>.</def>

<h1>Grand</h1>
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<hw>Grand</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Grander</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Grandest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>grant</ets>, <ets>grount</ets>, OF. <ets>grant</ets>, F. <ets>grand</ets>, fr. L. <ets>grandis</ets>; perh. akin to gravis heavy, E. <ets>grave</ets>, a.  Cf. <er>Grandee</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of large size or extent; great; extensive; hence, relatively great; greatest; chief; principal; <as>as, a <ex>grand</ex> mountain; a <ex>grand</ex> army; a <ex>grand</ex> mistake.</as></def> "Our <i>grand</i> foe, Satan."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Making so bold . . . to unseal
Their <b>grand</b> commission.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Great in size, and fine or imposing in appearance or impression; illustrious, dignifled, or noble (said of persons); majestic, splendid, magnificent, or sublime (said of things); <as>as, a <ex>grand</ex> monarch; a <ex>grand</ex> lord; a <ex>grand</ex> general; a <ex>grand</ex> view; a <ex>grand</ex> conception.</as></def>

<blockquote>They are the highest models of expression, the unapproached
masters of the <b>grand</b> style.
<i>M. Arnold. </i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having higher rank or more dignity, size, or importance than other persons or things of the same name; <as>as, a <ex>grand</ex> lodge; a <ex>grand</ex> vizier; a <ex>grand</ex> piano, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Standing in the second or some more remote degree of parentage or descent; -- generalIy used in composition; <as>as, grandfather, grandson, grandchild, etc</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What cause
Mov'd our <b>grand</b> parents, in that happy state,
Favor'd of Heaven so highly, to fall off
From their Creator.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Grand action</col>, <cd>a pianoforte action, used in grand pianos, in which special devices are employed to obtain perfect action of the hammer in striking and leaving the string.</cd> -- <col>Grand Army of the Republic</col>, <cd>an organized voluntary association of men who served in the Union army or navy during the civil war in the United States. The order has chapters, called <i>Posts</i>, throughout the country. -- <col>Grand cross</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The highest rank of knighthood in the Order of the Bath.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A knight grand cross.</cd> -- <col>Grand cordon</col>, <cd>the cordon or broad ribbon, identified with the highest grade in certain honorary orders; hence, a person who holds that grade.</cd> -- <col>Grand days</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>certain days in the terms which are observed as holidays in the inns of court and chancery (Candlemas, Ascension, St. John Baptist's, and All Saints' Days); called also <altname>Dies non juridici</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Grand duchess</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The wife or widow of a grand duke</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A lady having the sovereignty of a duchy in her own right.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>In Russia, a daughter of the Czar.</cd> -- <col>Grand duke</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A sovereign duke, inferior in rank to a king; as, the Grand Duke of Tuscany.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In Russia, a son of the Czar.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>The European great horned owl or eagle owl (<spn>Bubo maximas</spn>).</cd> -- <mcol><col>Grand-guard</col>, &or; <col>Grandegarde</col></mcol>, <cd>a piece of plate armor used in tournaments as an extra protection for the left shoulder and breast.</cd> -- <col>Grand juror</col>, <cd>a member of a grand jury.</cd> -- <col>Grand jury</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a jury of not less than twelve men, and not more than twenty-three, whose duty it is, in private session, to examine into accusations against persons charged with crime, and if they see just cause, then to find bills of indictment against them, to be presented to the court; -- called also <altname>grand inquest</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Grand juryman</col>, <cd>a grand juror.</cd> -- <col>Grand larceny</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Larceny</er>.</cd> -- <col>Grand lodge</col>, <cd>the chief lodge, or governing body, among Freemasons and other secret orders.</cd> -- <col>Grand master</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The head of one of the military orders of knighthood, as the Templars, Hospitallers, etc.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The head of the order of Freemasons or of Good Templars, etc.</cd><-- (c) The highest rank for a chess player, awarded by a national or international organization of chess players as a result of winning games of chess against other ranked players in chess tournaments officially sanctioned by that chess organization, such as FIDE. By extension, (Figuratively) a person with the highest level of expertise in some field.  Also "grandmaster". --> -- <col>Grand paunch</col>, <cd>a glutton or gourmand.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Holland</i>. -- <col>Grand pensionary</col>. <cd>See under <er>Pensionary</er>.</cd> -- <col>Grand piano</col> <cd><fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a large piano, usually harp-shaped, in which the wires or strings are generally triplicated, increasing the power, and all the mechanism is introduced in the most effective manner, regardless of the size of the instrument.</cd> -- <col>Grand relief</col> <cd><fld>(Sculp.)</fld>, alto relievo.</cd> -- <col>Grand Seignior</col>. <cd>See under <er>Seignior</er>.</cd> -- <col>Grand stand</col>, <cd>the principal stand, or erection for spectators, at a, race course, etc.</cd> -- <col>Grand vicar</col> <cd><fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, a principal vicar; an ecclesiastical delegate in France.</cd> -- <col>Grand vizier</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Vizier</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Magnificent; sublime; majestic; dignified; elevated; stately; august; pompous; lofty; eralted; noble.</syn> <usage> -- Grand, Magnificent, Sublime. <i>Grand</i>, in reference to objects of taste, is applied to that which expands the mind by a sense of vastness and majesty; <i>magnificent</i> is applied to anything which is imposing from its splendor; <i>sublime</i> describes that which is awful and elevating. A cataract is <i>grand</i>; a rich and varied landscape is <i>magnificent</i>; an overhanging precipice is sublime. "<i>Grandeur a</i>dmits of degrees and modifications; but <i>magnificence</i> is that which has already reached the highest degree of superiority naturally belonging to the object in question."</usage>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Grandam</h1>
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<hw>Gran"dam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>grande</ets>, fem. of grand + dame. See <er>Grand</er>, and <er>Dame</er>.]</ety> <def>An old woman; specifically, a grandmother.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Grandaunt</h1>
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<hw>Grand"aunt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>grand'tante</ets>.]</ety> <def>The aunt of one's father or mother.</def>

<h1>Grandchild</h1>
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<hw>Grand"child"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A son's or daughter's child; a child in the second degree of descent.</def>

<h1>Granddaughter</h1>
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<hw>Grand"daugh"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The daughter of one's son or daughter.</def>

<h1>Grandee</h1>
<Xpage=644>

<hw>Gran*dee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>grande</ets>. See <er>Grand</er>.]</ety> <def>A man of elevated rank or station; a nobleman. In Spain, a nobleman of the first rank, who may be covered in the king's presence.</def>

<h1>Grandeeship</h1>
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<hw>Gran*dee"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The rank or estate of a grandee; lordship.</def>

<i>H. Swinburne.</i>

<h1>Grandeur</h1>
<Xpage=644>

<hw>Gran"deur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>grand</ets>. See <er>Grand</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being grand; vastness; greatness; splendor; magnificence; stateliness; sublimity; dignity; elevation of thought or expression; nobility of action.</def>

<blockquote>Nor doth this <b>grandeur</b> and majestic show
Of luxury . . . allure mine eye.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Sublimity; majesty; stateliness; augustness; loftiness. See <er>Sublimity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Grandevity</h1>
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<hw>Gran*dev"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>grandaevitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Great age; long life.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Grandevous</h1>
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<hw>Gran*de"vous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>grandaevus</ets>; grandig grand+ <ets>aevum</ets> lifetime, age.]</ety> <def>Of great age; aged; longlived.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Grand-ducal</h1>
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<hw>Grand"-du"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a grand duke.</def>

<i>H. James.</i>

<h1>Grandfather</h1>
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<hw>Grand"fa"ther</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A father's or mother's father; an ancestor in the next degree above the father or mother in lineal ascent.</def>

<cs><col>Grandfather longlegs</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Dady longlegs</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Grandfatherly</h1>
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<hw>Grand"fa"ther*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a grandfather in age or manner; kind; benignant; indulgent.</def>

<blockquote>He was a <b>grandfatherly</b> sort of personage.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grandific</h1>
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<hw>Gran*dif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>grandificus</ets>; grandis <ets>grand</ets> + facere to make.]</ety> <def>Making great.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Grandiloquence</h1>
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<hw>Gran*dil"o*quence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The use of lofty words or phrases; bombast; -- usually in a bad sense.</def>

<blockquote>The sin of <b>grandiloquence</b> or tall talking.
<i>Thackeray,</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grandiloquent</h1>
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<hw>Gran*dil"o*quent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>grandis</ets> grand + <ets>logui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>Speaking in a lofty style; pompous; bombastic.</def>

<h1>Grandiloquous</h1>
<Xpage=644>

<hw>Gran*dil"o*quous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>grandiloquus</ets>; grandis grand + <ets>loqui</ets> to apeak.]</ety> <def>Grandiloquent.</def>

<h1>Grandinous</h1>
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<hw>Gran"di*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>grandinosus</ets>, fr. <ets>qrando</ets>, <ets>grandinis</ets>, hail.]</ety> <def>Consisting of hail; abounding in hail.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Grandiose</h1>
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<hw>Gran"di*ose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>grandiose</ets>, It. <ets>grandioso</ets>. See <er>Grand</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Impressive or elevating in effect; vimposing; splendid; striking; -- in a good sense.</def>

<blockquote>The tone of the parts was to be perpetually kept down in order not to impair the <b>grandiose</b> effect of the whole.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>grandiose</b> red tulips which grow wild.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by affectation of grandeur or splendor; flaunting; turgid; bombastic; -- in a bad sense; <as>as, a grandiose style</as>.</def>

<h1>Grandiosity</h1>
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<hw>Gran"di*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>grandiosit\'82</ets>, It. <ets>grandiosit\'85</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being grandiose,</def>

<h1>Grandity</h1>
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<hw>Grand"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>granditas</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>granit\'82</ets>. See <er>Grand</er>.]</ety> <def>Grandness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Graudly</h1>
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<hw>Graud"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a grand manner.</def>

<h1>Grandma, Grandmamma</h1>
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<hw><hw>Grand"ma"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Grand"mam*ma"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A grand mother.</def>

<-- Grandmaster. See grand master. -->

<h1>Grand mercy</h1>
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<hw>Grand" mer"cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Gramercy</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Grandmother</h1>
<Xpage=644>

<hw>Grand"moth"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The mother of one's father or mother.</def>

<h1>Grandmotherly</h1>
<Xpage=644>

<hw>Grand"moth"er*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a grandmother in age or manner; kind; indulgent.</def>

<h1>Grandnephew</h1>
<Xpage=644>

<hw>Grand"neph"ew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The grandson of one's brother or sister.</def>

<h1>Grandness</h1>
<Xpage=644>

<hw>Grand"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Grandeur.</def>

<i>Wollaston.</i>

<h1>Grandniece</h1>
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<hw>Grand"niece"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The granddaughter of one's brother or sister.</def>

<h1>Grandpa, Grandpapa</h1>
<Xpage=644>

<hw><hw>Grand"pa"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Grand"pa*pa"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A grandfather.</def>

<h1>Grandsire</h1>
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<hw>Grand"sire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>grantsire</ets>. See <er>Grand</er>, and <er>Sire</er>.]</ety> <def>Specifically, a grandfather; more generally, any ancestor.</def>

<h1>Grandson</h1>
<Xpage=644>

<hw>Grand"son"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A son's or daughter's son.</def>

<h1>Graaduncle</h1>
<Xpage=644>

<hw>Graad"un"cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>grand-oncle</ets>.]</ety> <def>father's or mother's uncle.</def>

<h1>Grane</h1>
<Xpage=644>

<hw>Grane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Groan</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Grange</h1>
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<hw>Grange</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>grange</ets> barn, LL. <ets>granea</ets>, from L. <ets>granum</ets> grain. See <er>Grain</er> a kernel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A building for storing grain; a granary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A farmhouse, with the barns and other buildings for farming purposes.</def>

<blockquote>And eke an officer out for to ride,
To see her <b>granges</b> and her bernes wide.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor burnt the <b>grange</b>, nor bussed the milking maid.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A farmhouse of a monastery, where the rents and tithes, paid in grain, were deposited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A farm; generally, a farm with a house at a distance from neighbors.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An association of farmers, designed to further their interests, aud particularly to bring producers and consumers, farmers and manufacturers, into direct commercial relations, without intervention of middlemen or traders. The first grange was organized in 1867.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Granger</h1>
<Xpage=644>

<hw>Gran"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A farm steward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of a grange.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Grangerism</h1>
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<hw>Gran"ger*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from the Rev. James <ets>Granger</ets>, whose "Biographical History of England" (1769) was a favorite book for illustration in this manner.]</ety> <def>The practice of illustrating a particular book by engravings collected from other books.</def>

<h1>Grangerite</h1>
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<hw>Gran"ger*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who collects illustrations from various books for the decoration of one book.</def>

<h1>Grangerize</h1>
<Xpage=644>

<hw>Gran"ger*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To collect (illustrations from books) for decoration of other books.</def>

<i>G. A. Sala. </i>

<h1>Graniferous</h1>
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<hw>Gra*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>qranifer</ets>; <ets>granum</ets> grain + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>granif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing grain, or seeds like grain.</def>

<i>Humble.</i>

<h1>Graniform</h1>
<Xpage=644>

<hw>Gran"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>granum</ets> grain + <ets>-form</ets>; cf. F. <ets>graniforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formed like of corn.</def>

<h1>Granilla</h1>
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<hw>Gra*nil"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., small seed.]</ety> <def>Small grains or dust of cochineal or the coccus insect.</def>

<h1>Granite</h1>
<Xpage=644>

<hw>Gran"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>granito</ets> granite, adj., grainy, p. p. of <ets>granire</ets> to make grainy, fr. L. <ets>granum</ets> grain; cf. F. <ets>granit</ets>. See <er>Grain</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A crystalline, granular rock, consisting of quartz, feldspar, and mica, and usually of a whitish, grayish, or flesh-red color. It differs from gneiss in not having the mica in planes, and therefor in being destitute of a schistose structure.</def>

<note>&hand; Varieties containing hornblende are common. See also the <er>Note</er> under <er>Mica</er>.</note>

<-- p. 645  -->

<cs><col>Gneissoid granite</col>, <cd>granite in which the mica has traces of a regular arrangement.</cd> -- <col>Graphic granite</col>, <cd>granite consisting of quartz and feldspar without mica, and having the quartz crystals so arranged in the transverse section like oriental characters.</cd> -- <col>Porphyritic granite</col>, <cd>granite containing feldspar in distinct crystals.</cd> -- <col>Hornblende granite</col>, or <col>Syenitic granite</col>, <cd>granite containing hornblende as well as mica, or, according to some authorities hornblende replacing the mica.</cd> -- <col>Granite ware</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A kind of stoneware.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A Kind of ironware, coated with an enamel resembling granite.</cd></cs>

<h1>Granitic</h1>
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<hw>Gra*nit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. granitique.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Like granite in composition, color, etc.; having the nature of granite; <as>as, granitic texture</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of granite; <as>as, granitic mountains</as>.</def>

<h1>Granitical</h1>
<Xpage=645>

<hw>Gra*nit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Granitic.</def>

<h1>Granitification</h1>
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<hw>Gra*nit`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Granite</ets> + L. <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or the process of forming into granite.</def>

<i>Humble.</i>

<h1>Granitiform</h1>
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<hw>Gra*nit"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Granite</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Resembling granite in structure or shape.</def>

<h1>Granitoid</h1>
<Xpage=645>

<hw>Gran"i*toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Granite</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>granito\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling granite in granular appearance; <as>as, <ex>granitoid</ex> gneiss; a <ex>granitoid</ex> pavement.</as></def>

<h1>Granivorous</h1>
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<hw>Gra*niv"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>granum</ets> grain + <ets>vorare</ets> to devour: cf. F. <ets>granivore</ets>.]</ety> <def>Eating grain; feeding or subsisting on seeds; <as>as, granivorous birds</as>.</def>
<-- seed-eating.
   not same as graminivorous? = feeding on grass or the seeds of grass.  latter is for beasts. -->

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Grannam</h1>
<Xpage=645>

<hw>Gran"nam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A grandam.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Granny</h1>
<Xpage=645>

<hw>Gran"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A grandmother; a grandam; familiarly, an old woman.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Granny's bend</col>, &or; <col>Granny's knot</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of insecure knot or hitch; a reef knot crossed the wrong way.</cd></cs>

<h1>Granolithic</h1>
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<hw>Gran`o*lith"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>granum</ets> a grain (or E. <ets>granite</ets>) + <ets>-lith + -ic</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of hard artificial stone, used for pavements.</def>

<h1>Grant</h1>
<Xpage=645>

<hw>Grant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Granted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Granting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>graunten</ets>, <ets>granten</ets>, OF. <ets>graanter</ets>, <ets>craanter</ets>, <ets>creanter</ets>, to promise, yield, LL. <ets>creantare</ets> to promise, assure, for (assumed LL.) credentare to make believe, fr. L. <ets>credens</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of credere to believe. See <er>Creed</er>, <er>Credit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give over; to make conveyance of; to give the possession or title of; to convey; -- usually in answer to petition.</def>

<blockquote><b>Grant</b> me the place of this threshing floor.
<i>1 Chrcn. xxi. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bestow or confer, with or without compensation, particularly in answer to prayer or request; to give.</def>

<blockquote>Wherefore did God <b>grant</b> me my request.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To admit as true what is not yet satisfactorily proved; to yield belief to; to allow; to yield; to concede.</def>

<blockquote><b>Grant</b> that the Fates have firmed by their decree.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn.-- To give; confer; bestow; convey; transfer; admit; allow; concede. See <er>Give</er>.</def><syn>

<h1>Grant</h1>
<Xpage=645>

<hw>Grant</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To assent; to consent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Grant</h1>
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<hw>Grant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>grant</ets>, <ets>graunt</ets>, OF. <ets>graant</ets>, <ets>creant</ets>, promise, assurance. See <er>Grant</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of granting; a bestowing or conferring; concession; allowance; permission.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The yielding or admission of something in dispute.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The thing or property granted; a gift; a boon.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A transfer of property by deed or writing; especially, au appropriation or conveyance made by the government; <as>as, a <ex>grant</ex> of land or of money</as>; also, the deed or writing by which the transfer is made.</def>

<note>&hand; Formerly, in English law, the term was specifically applied to transfrrs of incorporeal hereditaments, expectant estates, and letters patent from government and such is its present application in some of the United States. But now, in England the usual mode of transferring realty is by <i>grant</i>; and so, in some of the United States, the term <i>grant</i> is applied to conveyances of every kind of real property.</note>

<i>Bouvier. Burrill.</i>

<h1>Grantable</h1>
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<hw>Grant"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being granted.</def>

<h1>Grantee</h1>
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<hw>Gran*tee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person to whom a grant or conveyance is made.</def>

<blockquote>His grace will not survive the poor <b>grantee</b> he despises.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Granter</h1>
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<hw>Grant"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who grants.</def>

<h1>Grantor</h1>
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<hw>Grant"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person by whom a grant or conveyance is made.</def>

<h1>Granular</h1>
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<hw>Gran"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>granulaire</ets>. See <er>Granule</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of, or resembling, grains; <as>as, a granular substance</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Granular limestone</col>, <cd>crystalline limestone, or marble, having a granular structure.</cd></cs>

<h1>Granularly</h1>
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<hw>Gran"u*lar*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a granular form.</def>

<h1>Granulary</h1>
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<hw>Gran"u*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Granular.</def>

<h1>Granulate</h1>
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<hw>Gran"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Granulated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Granulating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Granule</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form into grains or small masses; <as>as, to granulate powder, sugar, or metal</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To raise in granules or small asperities; to make rough on the surface.</def>

<h1>Granulate</h1>
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<hw>Gran"u*late</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To collect or be formed into grains; <as>as, cane juice <ex>granulates</ex> into sugar</as>.</def>

<h1>Granulate, Granulated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gran"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gran"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of, or resembling, grains; crystallized in grains; granular; <as>as, <ex>granulated</ex> sugar</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having numerous small elevations, as shagreen.</def>

<cs><col>Granulated steel</col>, <cd>a variety of steel made by a particular process beginning with the granulation of pig iron.</cd></cs>

<h1>Granulation</h1>
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<hw>Gran`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>granulation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of forming or crystallizing into grains; <as>as, the <ex>granulation</ex> of powder and sugar</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being granulated.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the small, red, grainlike prominences which form on a raw surface (that of wounds or ulcers), and are the efficient agents in the process of healing.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The act or process of the formation of such prominences.</def>

<h1>Granule</h1>
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<hw>Gran"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>granulum</ets>, dim. of granum grain: cf. F. <ets>granule</ets>. See <er>Grain</er> a kernel.]</ety> <def>A little grain a small particle; a pellet.</def>

<h1>Granuliferous</h1>
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<hw>Gran`u*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Granule</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Full of granulations.</def>

<h1>Granuliform</h1>
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<hw>Gra*nu"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Granule</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Having a granular structure; granular; <as>as, granuliform limestone</as>.</def>

<h1>Granulite</h1>
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<hw>Gran"u*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Granule</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A whitish, granular rock, consisting of feldspar and quartz intimately mixed; -- sometimes called whitestone, and leptynite.</def>

<h1>Granulose</h1>
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<hw>Gran"u*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Granule</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>The main constituent of the starch grain or granule, in distinction from the framework of cellulose. Unlike cellulose, it is colored blue by iodine, and is converted into dextrin and sugar by boiling acids and amylolytic ferments.</def>

<h1>Granulous</h1>
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<hw>Gran"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>granuleux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Full of grains; abounding with granular substances; granular.</def>

<h1>Grape</h1>
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<hw>Grape</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>grape</ets>, <ets>crape</ets>, bunch or cluster of grapes, F. <ets>grappe</ets>, akin to F. grappin grapnel, hook; fr. OHG. chrapfo hook, G. <ets>krapfen</ets>, akin to E. <ets>cramp</ets>. The sense seems to have come from the idea of clutching. Cf. <er>Agraffe</er>, <er>Cramp</er>, <er>Grapnel</er>, <er>Grapple</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A well-known edible berry growing in pendent clusters or bunches on the grapevine. The berries are smooth-skinned, have a juicy pulp, and are cultivated in great quantities for table use and for making wine and raisins.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The plant which bears this fruit; the grapevine.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A mangy tumor on the leg of a horse.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Grapeshot.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Grape borer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Vine borer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Grape curculio</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld><cd>, a minute black weevil (<spn>Craponius in\'91qualis</spn>) which in the larval state eats the interior of grapes.</cd> -- <col>Grape flower</col>, &or; <col>Grape hyacinth</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a liliaceous plant (<spn>Muscari racemosum<spn>) with small blue globular flowers in a dense raceme.</cd> -- <col>Grape fungus</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a fungus (<spn>Oidium Tuckeri</spn>) on grapevines; vine mildew.</cd> -- <col>Grape hopper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a Small yellow and red hemipterous insect, often very injurious to the leaves of the grapevine.</cd> -- <col>Grape moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small moth (<spn>Eudemis botrana</spn>), which in the larval state eats the interior of grapes, and often binds them together with silk.</cd> -- <col>Grape of a cannon</col>, <cd>the cascabel or knob at the breech.</cd> -- <col>Grape sugar</col>. <cd>See <er>Glucose</er>.</cd> -- <col>Grape worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the grape moth.</cd> -- <col>Soar grapes</col>, <cd>things which persons affect to despise because they can not possess them; -- in allusion to <AE/sop's fable of the fox and the grapes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Grape fruit</h1>
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<hw>Grape" fruit`</hw>. <def>The shaddock.</def>

<h1>Grapeless</h1>
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<hw>Grape"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wanting grapes or the flavor of grapes.</def>

<h1>Grapery</h1>
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<hw>Grap"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A building or inclosure used for the cultivation of grapes.</def>

<h1>Grapeshot</h1>
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<hw>Grape"shot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A cluster, usually nine in number, of small iron balls, put together by means of cast-iron circular plates at top and bottom, with two rings, and a central connecting rod, in order to be used as a charge for a cannon. Formerly grapeshot were inclosed in canvas bags.</def>

<h1>Grapestone</h1>
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<hw>Grape"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A seed of the grape.</def>

<h1>Grapevine</h1>
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<hw>Grape"vine`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A vine or climbing shrub, of the genus <spn>Vitis</spn>, having small green flowers and lobed leaves, and bearing the fruit called <i>grapes</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; The common grapevine of the Old World is <spn>Vitis vinifera</spn>, and is a native of Central Asia. Another variety is that yielding small seedless grapes commonly called <spn>Zante currants</spn>. The northern <i>Fox grape</i> of the United States is the <spn>V. Labrusca</spn>, from which, by cultivation, has come the <spn>Isabella</spn> variety. The southern <i>Fox grape</i>, or <i>Muscadine</i>, is the <spn>V. vulpina</spn>. The <i>Frost grape</i> is <spn>V. cordifolia</spn>, which has very fragrant flowers, and ripens after the early frosts.</note>

<h1>-graph</h1>
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<hw>-graph</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write. See <er>Graphic</er>.]</ety> A suffix signifying <i>something written</i>, <i>a writing</i>; also, <i>a writer</i>; as auto<i>graph</i>, crysto<i>graph</i>, tele<i>graph</i>, photo<i>graph</i>.

<h1>Graphic, Graphical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>graphicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to write; cf. F. <ets>graphique</ets>. See</tt> <er>Graft</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the arts of painting and drawing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the art of writing.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Written or engraved; formed of letters or lines.</def>

<blockquote>The finger of God hath left an inscription upon all his works, not graphical, or composed of letters.
<i>Sir T. Browne. </i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Well delineated; clearly and vividly described.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Having the faculty of, or characterized by, clear and impressive description; vivid; <as>as, a gruphic writer</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Graphic algebra</col><cd>, a branch of algebra in which, the properties of equations are treated by the use of curves and straight lines.</cd> -- <col>Graphic arts</col>, <cd>a name given to those fine arts which pertain to the representation on a fiat surface of natural objects; as distinguished from music, etc., and also from sculpture.</cd> -- <col>Graphic formula</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Formula</er>.</cd> -- <col>Graphic granite</col>. <cd>See under <er>Granite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Graphic method</col>, <cd>the method of scientific analysis or investigation, in which the relations or laws involved in tabular numbers are represented to the eye by means of curves or other figures; as the daily changes of weather by means of curves, the abscissas of which represent the hours of the day, and the ordinates the corresponding degrees of temperature.</cd> -- <col>Graphical statics</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a branch of statics, in which the magnitude, direction, and position of forces are represented by straight lines -- <col>Graphic tellurium</col>.</cd> <cd>See <er>Sylvanite</er>.</cd>></cs>

<h1>Graphically</h1>
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<hw>Graph"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a graphic manner; vividly.</def>

<h1>Graphicness, Graphicalness</h1>
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<hw><hw>Graph"ic*ness</hw>, <hw>Graph"ic*al*ness</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being graphic.</def>

<h1>Graphics</h1>
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<hw>Graph"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or the science of drawing; esp. of drawing according to mathematical rules, as in perspective, projection, and the like.</def>

<h1>Graphiscope</h1>
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<hw>Graph"i*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Graphoscope</er>.</def>

<h1>Graphite</h1>
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<hw>Graph"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to write: cf. F. <ets>graphite</ets>. See <er>Graphic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native carbon in hexagonal crystals, also foliated or granular massive, of black color and metallic luster, and so soft as to leave a trace on paper. It is used for pencils (improperly called <i>lead pencils</i>), for crucibles, and as a lubricator, etc. Often called <i>plumbago</i> or <i>black lead</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Graphite battery</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a voltaic battery consisting of zinc and carbon in sulphuric acid, or other exciting liquid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Graphitic</h1>
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<hw>Gra*phit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, containing, derived from, or resembling, graphite.</def>

<cs><col>Graphitic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an organic acid, so called because obtained by the oxidation of graphite; -- usually called mellitic acid.</cd> -- <col>Graphitic carbon</col></mcol>, <cd>in iron or steel, that portion of the carbon which is present as graphite.</cd></cs>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Graphitoid, Graphitoidal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Graph"i*toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Graph"i*toid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling graphite or plumbago.</def>

<h1>Grapholite</h1>
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<hw>Graph"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to write + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>grapholithe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Any species of slate suitable to be written on.</def>

<h1>Graphology</h1>
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<hw>Gra*phol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to write + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>graphologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of judging of a person's character, disposition, and aptitude from his handwriting.</def>

<h1>Graphoscope</h1>
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<hw>Graph"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to write + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An optical instrument for magnifying engravings, photographs, etc., usually having one large lens and two smaller ones.</def>

<h1>Graphotype</h1>
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<hw>Graph"o*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to write + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Engraving)</fld> <def>A process for producing a design upon a surface in relief so that it can be printed from. Prepared chalk or oxide of zinc is pressed upon a smooth plate by a hydraulic press, and the design is drawn upon this in a peculiar ink which hardens the surface wherever it is applied. The surface is then carefully rubbed or brushed, leaving the lines in relief.</def>

<h1>-graphy</h1>
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<hw>-gra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ write. See <er>Graphic</er>.]</ety> <def>A suffix denoting the art of writing or describing; also, the writing or description itself; a treatise; <as>as, calligraphy, biography, geography</as>.</def>

<h1>Grapnel</h1>
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<hw>Grap"nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>grapenel</ets>, dim. fr. F. <ets>grappin t</ets>he grapple of a ship; of German origin. See <er>Grape</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small anchor, with four or five flukes or claws, used to hold boats or small vessels; hence, any instrument designed to grapple or hold; a grappling iron; a grab; -- written also <i>grapline</i>, and <i>crapnel</i>.</def>

<h1>Grapple</h1>
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<hw>Grap"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grappled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Grappling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>grappiller</ets>, OF. <ets>graypil</ets> the grapple of a ship, fr. <ets>graper</ets> to pluck, prop., to seize, clutch; of German origin. See <er>Grape</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To seize; to lay fast hold of; to attack at close quarters: as, to grapple an antagonist.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fasten, as with a grapple; to fix; to join indissolubly.</def>

<blockquote>The gallies were <b>grappled</b> to the Centurion.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Grapple</b> them to thy soul with hoops of steel.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grapple</h1>
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<hw>Grap"ple</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To use a grapple; to contend in close fight; to attach one's self as if by a grapple, as in wrestling; to close; to seize one another.</def>

<cs><col>To grapple with</col>, <cd>to enter into contest with, resolutely and courageously.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>And in my standard bear the arms of York,
To <b>grapple</b> with the house of Lancaster.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grapple</h1>
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<hw>Grap"ple</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See Grapple, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. Crapple.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A seizing or seizure; close hug in contest; the wrestler's hold.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument, usually with hinged claws, for seizing and holding fast to an object; a grab.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A grappling iron.</def>

<blockquote>The iron hooks and <b>grapples</b> keen.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Grapple plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a South African herb (<spn>Herpagophytum leptocarpum</spn>) having the woody fruits armed with long hooked or barbed thorns by which they adhere to cattle, causing intense annoyance.</cd> -- <col>Grapple shot</col> <fld>(Life-saving Service)</fld>, <cd>a projectile, to which are attached hinged claws to catch in a ship's rigging or to hold in the ground; -- called also <altname>anchor shot</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Grapplement</h1>
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<hw>Grapple*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A grappling; close fight or embrace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<hr>
<page="646">
Page 646<p>

<h1>Grappling</h1>
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<hw>Grap"pling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A laying fast ho1d of; also, that by which anything is seized and held, a grapnel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A grapple; a struggle.  A match for yards in fight, in grappling for the bear.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<cs><col>Grappling iron</col>, <cd>a hooked iron used for grappling and holding fast a vessel or other object.</cd> -- <col>Grappling tongs</col>, <cd>broad-mouthed tongs for gathering oysters.</cd></cs>

<h1>Grapsoid</h1>
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<hw>Grap"soid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. Grapsus + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the genus Grapsus or the family <er>Grapsid\'91</er>.</def> --  <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A grapsoid crab.</def></def2>

<h1>Graptolite</h1>
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<hw>Grap"to*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL, Graptolithus, from Gr.  <?/ is engraved, written (<?/ to write) + <?/  stone.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>One of numerous species of slender and delicate fossils, of the genus <spn>Graptolites</spn> and allied genera, found in the Silurian rocks. They belong to an extinct group (<spn>Graptolithina</spn>) supposed to be hydroids.</def>

<h1>Graptolitic</h1>
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<hw>Grap"to*lit`ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to graptolites; containing graptolites; <as>as, a graptolitic slate</as>.</def>

<h1>Grapy</h1>
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<hw>Grap"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Composed of, or resembling, grapes.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>grapy</b> clusters.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grasp</h1>
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<hw>Grasp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grasper</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Qraspine</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>graspen</ets>; prob.  akin to LG. grupsen, or to E. grope.  Cf. <er>Grab</er>, <er>Grope</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To seize and hold by clasping or embracing with the fingers or arms; to catch to take possession of.</def>

<blockquote>Thy hand is made to <b>grasp</b> a palmer's staff.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lay hold of with the mind; to become thoroughly acquainted or conversant with; to comprehend.</def>

<h1>Grasp</h1>
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<hw>Grasp</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To effect a grasp; to make the motion of grasping; to clutch; to struggle; to strive.</def>

<blockquote>As one that <b>grasped</b> And tugged for life and was by strength subdued.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To grasp at</col>, <cd>to catch at; to try to seize; as, Alexander grasped at universal empire,</cd></cs>

<h1>Grasp</h1>
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<hw>Grasp</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A gripe or seizure of the hand; a seizure by embrace, or infolding in the arms.</def> "The grasps of love."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reach of the arms; hence, the power of seizing and holding; <as>as, it was beyond his grasp</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Forcible possession; hold.</def>

<blockquote>The whole space that's in the tyrant's <b>grasp</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Wide-reaching power of intellect to comprehend subjects and hold them under survey.</def>

<blockquote>The foremost minds of the next . . . era were not, in power of <b>grasp</b>, equal to their predecessors.
<i>Z. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The handle of a sword or of an oar.</def>

<h1>Graspable</h1>
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<hw>Grasp"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being grasped.</def>

<h1>Graaper</h1>
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<hw>Graap"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who grasps or seizes; one who catches or holds.</def>

<h1>Grasping</h1>
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<hw>Grasp"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Seizing; embracing; catching.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Avaricious; greedy of gain; covetous; close; miserly; <as>as, he is a grasping man</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Grasp"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt>  -- <wf>Grasp"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Graspless</h1>
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<hw>Grasp"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a grasp; relaxed.</def>

<blockquote>From my graspless hand Drop friendship's precious pearls.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grass</h1>
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<hw>Grass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gras</ets>, <ets>gres</ets>, <ets>gers</ets>, AS, <ets>qr<?/s</ets>, <ets>g<?/rs</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>gres</ets>, <ets>gers</ets>, OS., D., G., Icel., &  Goth. <ets>gras</ets>, Dan. <ets>gr<?/s</ets>, Sw. <ets>gr<?/s</ets>, and prob. to Z. <ets>grcen</ets>, grow. Cf. <er>Graze</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Popularly: Herbage; the plants which constitute the food of cattle and other beasts; pasture.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An endogenous plant having simple leaves, a stem generally jointed and tubular, the husks or glumes in pairs, and the seed single.</def>

<note>&hand; This definition includes wheat, rye, oats, barley, etc., and excludes clover and some other plants which are commonly called by the name of grass. The grasses form a numerous family of plants.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The season of fresh grass; spring.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Two years old next <b>grass</b>.
<i>Lathsm.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Metaphorically used for what is transitory.</def>

<blockquote>Surely the people is <b>grass</b>.
<i>Is. xl. 7.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The following list includes most of the grasses of the United States of special interest, except cereals.  Many of these terms will be found with definitions in the Vocabulary. See Illustrations in Appendix.</note>

<subtypes>
<stype>Barnyard grass</stype>, <cd>for hay. South. <spn>Panicum Grus-galli</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Bent</stype>, <cd>pasture and hay. <spn>Agrostis</spn>, several species.</cd>

<stype>Bermuda grass</stype>, <cd>pasture. South. <spn>Cynodon Dactylon</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Black bent</stype>. <cd>Same as <i>Switch grass<i> (below).</cd>

<stype>Blue bent</stype>, <cd>hay. North and West. <spn>Andropogon provincialis</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Blue grass</stype>, <cd>pasture. <spn>Poa compressa</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Blue joint</stype>, <cd>hay. Northwest. <spn>Aqropyrum glaucum</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Buffalo grass</stype>, grazing. Rocky Mts., etc. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd><spn>Buchlo\'89 dectyloides</spn></cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Same as <cref>Grama grass</cref> (below).</cd>
<-- here spelled "gramma" in original -->

<stype>Bunch grass</stype>, <cd>grazing. Far West. <spn>Eriocoma</spn>, <spn>Festuca</spn>, <spn>Stips</spn>, etc.</cd>

<mstype><stype>Chess</stype>, &or; <stype>Cheat</stype></mstype>, <cd>a weed. <spn>Bromus secalinus</spn>, etc.</cd>

<stype>Couch grass</stype>. <cd>Same as <spn>Quick grass</spn> (below).</cd>

<stype>Crab grass</stype>, <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Hay, in South. A weed, in North. <spn>Panicum sanguinale</spn>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Pasture and hay. South. <spn>Eleusine Indica</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Darnel</stype> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Bearded, a noxious weed. <spn>Lolium temulentum</spn>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Common. Same as <spn>Rye grass</spn> (below).</cd>

<stype>Drop seed</stype>, <cd>fair for forage and hay. <spn>Muhlenbergia</spn>, several species.</cd>

<stype>English grass</stype>. <cd>Same as <spn>Redtop</spn> (below).</cd>

<stype>Fowl meadow grass</stype>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Pasture and hay. <spn>Poa serotina</spn>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Hay, on moist land. <spn>Gryceria nervata</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Gama grass</stype>, <cd>cut fodder. South. <spn>Tripsacum dactyloides</spn>.</cd>

<-- spelled here (as in modern dictionaries) "Grama" in original, but references are to "gramma" -->
<stype>Grama grass</stype>, <cd>grazing. West and Pacific slope. <spn>Bouteloua oligostachya</spn>, etc.</cd>

<stype>Great bunch grass</stype>, <cd>pasture and hay. Far West. <spn>Festuca scabrella</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Guinea grass</stype>, <cd>hay. South. <spn>Panicum jumentorum</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Herd's grass</stype>, <cd>in New England <i>Timothy<i>, in Pennsylvania and South <i>Redtop<i>.</cd>

<stype>Indian grass</stype>. <cd>Same as <i>Wood grass<i> (below).</cd>

<stype>Italian rye grass</stype>, <cd>forage and hay. <spn>Lolium Italicum</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Johnson grass</stype>, <cd>grazing aud hay. South and Southwest. <spn>Sorghum Halepense</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Kentucky blue grass</stype>, <cd>pasture. <spn>Poa pratensis</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Lyme grass</stype>, <cd>coarse hay. South. <spn>Elymus</spn>, several species.</cd>

<stype>Manna grass</stype>, <cd>pasture and hay. <spn>Glyceria</spn>, several species.</cd>

<stype>Meadow fescue</stype>, <cd>pasture and hay. <spn>Festuca elatior</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Meadow foxtail</stype>, <cd>pasture, hay, lawn. North. <spn>Alopecurus pratensis</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Meadow grass</stype>, <cd>pasture, hay, lawn. <spn>Poa</spn>, several species.</cd>

<mstype><stype>Mesquite, &or; Muskit</stype> <stype>grass</stype></mstype>. <cd>Same as <cref>Grama grass</cref> (above).</cd>
<-- here spelled "gramma" in original -->

<stype>Nimble Will</stype>, <cd>a kind of drop seed. <spn>Muhlenbergia diffsa</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Orchard grass</stype>, <cd>pasture and hay. <spn>Dactylis glomerata</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Porcupine grass</stype>, <cd>troublesome to sheep. Northwest. <spn>Stipa spartea</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Quaking grass</stype>, <cd>ornamental. <spn>Briza media</spn> and <spn>maxima</spn>.</cd>

<mstype><stype>Quitch</stype>, <stype>or Quick</stype>, <stype>grass</stype></mstype>, <cd>etc., a weed. <spn>Agropyrum repens</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Ray grass</stype>. <cd>Same as <cref>Rye grass</cref> (below).</cd>

<stype>Redtop</stype>, <cd>pasture and hay. <spn>Agrostis vulgaris</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Red-topped buffalo grass</stype>, <cd>forage. Northwest. <spn>Poa tenuifolia</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Reed canary grass</stype>, <cd>of slight value. <spn>Phalaris arundinacea</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Reed meadow grass</stype>, <cd>hay. North. <spn>Glyceria aquatica</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Ribbon grass</stype>, <cd>a striped leaved form of <cref>Reed canary grass</cref>.</cd>

<stype>Rye grass</stype>, <cd>pasture, hay. <spn>Lolium perenne</spn>, <it>var.<it></cd>

<stype>Seneca grass</stype>, <cd>fragrant basket work, etc. North. <spn>Hierochloa borealis</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Sesame grass</stype>. <cd>Same as <cref>Gama grass</cref> (above).</cd>

<stype>Sheep's fescue</stype>, <cd>sheep pasture, native in Northern Europe and Asia. <spn>Festuca ovina</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Small reed grass</stype>, <cd>meadow pasture and hay. North. <spn>Deyeuxia Canadensis</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Spear grass</stype>, <cd>Same as <cref>Meadow grass</cref> (above).</cd>

<stype>Squirrel-tail grass</stype>, <cd>troublesome to animals. Seacoast and Northwest. <spn>Hordeum jubatum</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Switch grass</stype>, <cd>hay, cut young. <spn>Panicum virgatum</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Timothy</stype>, <cd>cut young, the best of hay. North. <spn>Phleum pratense</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Velvet grass</stype>, <cd>hay on poor soil. South. <spn>Holcus lanatus</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Vernal grass</stype>, <cd>pasture, hay, lawn. <spn>Anthoxanthum odoratum</spn>.</cd>

<stype>Wire grass</stype>, <cd>valuable in pastures. <spn>Poa compressa</spn>.</cd>

<mstype><stype>Wood grass</stype>, <stype>Indian grass</stype></mstype>, <cd>hay. <spn>Chrysopogon nutans</spn>.</cd>
</subtypes>

<note>&hand; Many plants are popularly called grasses which are not true grasses botanically considered, such as black <ex>grass</ex>, goose <ex>grass</ex>, star <ex>grass</ex>, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Black grass</col>, <cd>a kind of small rush (<spn>Juncus Gerardi</spn>), growing in salt marshes, used for making salt hay.</cd>  -- <col>Grass of the Andes</col>, <cd>an oat grass, the <spn>Arrhenatherum avenaceum</spn> of Europe.</cd>-- <col>Grass of Parnassus</col>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Parnassia</spn> growing in wet ground. The European species is <spn>P. palustris</spn>; in the United States there are several species.</cd> -- <col>Grass bass</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the calico bass.</cd> -- <col>Grass bird</col>, <cd>the dunlin.</cd> -- <col>Grass cloth</col>, <cd>a cloth woven from the tough fibers of the grass-cloth plant.</cd> -- <col>Grass-cloth plant</col>, <cd>a perennial herb of the Nettle family (<spn>B\'d2hmeria nivea or Urtica nivea</spn>), which grows in Sumatra, China, and Assam, whose inner bark has fine and strong fibers suited for textile purposes.</cd>  -- <col>Grass finch</col>. <cd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> A common American sparrow  (<spn>Po\'94c\'91tes gramineus</spn>); -- called also <cref>vesper sparrow</cref> and <cref>bay-winged bunting</cref>. <sd>(b)</sd> Any Australian finch, of the genus <spn>Po\'89phila</spn>, of which several species are known.</cd>  -- <col>Grass lamb</col>, <cd>a lamb suckled by a dam running on pasture land and giving rich milk.</cd>-- <col>Grass land</col>, <cd>land kept in grass and not tilled.</cd> --  <col>Grass moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of many small moths of the genus <spn>Crambus</spn>, found in grass.</cd> -- <col>Grass oil</col>, <cd>a fragrant essential volatile oil, obtained in India from grasses of the genus <spn>Andropogon</spn>, etc.; -- used in perfumery under the name of <altname>citronella</altname>, <altname>ginger grass oil</altname>, <altname>lemon grass oil</altname>, <altname>essence of verbena</altname> etc.</cd> -- <col>Grass owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, a <cd>South African owl  (<spn>Strix Capensis</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Grass parrakeet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, a<cd>ny of several species of Australian parrots, of the genus <spn>Euphemia</spn>; --  also applied to the zebra parrakeet.</cd> -- <col>Grass plover</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, t<cd>he upland or field plover.</cd> -- <col>Grass poly</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, a <cd>species of willowwort (<spn>Lythrum Hyssopifolia</spn>). <i>Johnson</i>.</cd> -- <col>Crass quit</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, o<cd>ne of several tropical American finches of the genus <spn>Euetheia</spn>. The males have most of the head and chest black and often marked with yellow.</cd>-- <col>Grass snake</col>.  <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common English, or ringed, snake (<spn>Tropidonotus natrix</spn>).</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The common green snake of the Northern United States. See <cref>Green snake</cref>, under <er>Green</er>.</cd>  -- <col>Grass snipe</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the pectoral sandpiper (<spn>Tringa maculata</spn>) -- called also <altname>jacksnipe</altname> in America.</cd> -- <col>Grass spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common spider (<spn>Agelena n\'91via</spn>), which spins flat webs on grass, conspicuous when covered with dew.</cd> -- <col>Grass sponge</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an inferior kind of commercial sponge from Florida and the Bahamas.</cd> --  <col>Grass table</col>. <cd><fld>(Arch.)</fld> See <cref>Earth table</cref>, under <er>Earth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Grass vetch</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, a vetch (<spn>Lathyrus Nissolia</spn>), with narrow grasslike leaves.</cd> -- <col>Grass widow</col>.  <ety>[Cf. Prov. R. an unmarried mother, G. <ets>strohwittwe</ets> a mock widow, Sw.  <ets>gr\'84senka</ets> a grass widow.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An unmarried woman who is a mother. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A woman separated from her husband by abandonment or prolonged absence; a woman living apart from her husband. <mark>[Slang.]</mark></cd> -- <col>Grass wrack</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>eelgrass.</cd> -- <col>To bring to grass</col> <fld>(Mining.)</fld>, <cd>to raise, as ore, to the surface of the ground.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To put to grass</col>, <col>To put out to grass</col></mcol>, <cd>to put out to graze a season, as cattle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Grass</h1>
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<hw>Grass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grassed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Grassing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover with grass or with turf.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To expose, as flax, on the grass for bleaching, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bring to the grass or ground; to land; <as>as, to grass a fish</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Grass</h1>
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<hw>Grass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To produce grass.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Tusser>/au>.

<h1>Grassation</h1>
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<hw>Gras*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>grassatio</ets>, from grassari to go about.]</ety> <def>A wandering about with evil intentions; a rioting.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Grass-green</h1>
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<hw>Grass"-green`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Green with grass.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of the color of grass; clear and vivid green.</def>

<h1>Grass-grown</h1>
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<hw>Grass"-grown`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Overgrown with grass; <as>as, a grass-grown road</as>.</def>

<h1>Grasshopper</h1>
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<hw>Grass"hop`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any jumping, orthopterous insect, of the families <spn>Acridid\'91</spn> and <spn>Locustid\'91</spn>. The species and genera are very numerous.  The former family includes the Western grasshopper or locust (<spn>Caloptenus spretus</spn>), noted for the great extent of its ravages in the region beyond the Mississippi. In the Eastern United States the red-legged (<spn>Caloptenus femurrubrum</spn> and <spn>C. atlanis</spn>) are closely related species, but their ravages are less important. They are closely related to the migratory locusts of the Old World. See <er>Locust</er>.</def>
<-- atlanis in original. Atlantis? -->

<note>&hand; The meadow or green grasshoppers belong to the <spn>Locustid\'91</spn>. They have long antenn\'91, large ovipositors, and stridulating organs at the base of the wings in the male. The European great green grasshopper (<spn>Locusta viridissima</spn>) belongs to this family. The common American green species mostly belong to <spn>Xiphidium</spn>, <spn>Orchelimum</spn>, and <spn>Conocephalus</spn>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In ordinary square or upright pianos of London make, the escapement lever or jack, so made that it can be taken out and replaced with the key; -- called also the <altname>hopper.</altname></def>

<i>Grove.</i>

<cs><col>Grasshopper engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine having a working beam with its fulcrum at one end, the steam cylinder at the other end, and the connecting rod at an intermediate point.</cd> -- <col>Grasshopper lobster</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>a young lobster.</cd> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Grasshopper warbler</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>cricket bird.</cd></cs>

<h1>Grassiness</h1>
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<hw>Grass"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Grassy.]</ety> <def>The state of abounding with grass; a grassy state.</def>

<h1>Grassless</h1>
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<hw>Grass"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of grass.</def>

<h1>Grassplot</h1>
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<hw>Grass"plot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A plot or space covered with grass; a lawn.</def> "Here on this grassplot."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Grass tree</h1>
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<hw>Grass" tree"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An Australian plant of the genus <spn>Xanthorrh\'d2a</spn>, having a thick trunk crowned with a dense tuft of pendulous, grasslike leaves, from the center of which arises a long stem, bearing at its summit a dense flower spike looking somewhat like a large cat-tail. These plants are often called "blackboys" from the large trunks denuded and blackened by fire. They yield two kinds of fragrant resin, called <cref>Botany-bay gum</cref>, and <cref>Gum Acaroides</cref>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A similar Australian plant (<spn>Kingia australis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Grassy</h1>
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<hw>Grass"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Covered with grass; abounding with grass; <as>as, a grassy lawn</as>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling grass; green.</def>

<h1>Grate</h1>
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<hw>Grate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. gratus agreeable, grateful: cf. It. & Sp. grato. See Grace, and cf. Agree.]</ety> <def>Serving to gratify; agreeable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Grate</h1>
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<hw>Grate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.. grata, fr. L. crates hurdle; or It. grata, of the same origin. Sae Crate, Hurdle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A structure or frame containing parallel or crosed bars, with interstices; a kind of latticework, such as is used ia the windows of prisons and cloisters.</def> "A secret grate of iron bars."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A frame or bed, or kind of basket, of iron bars, for holding fuel while burning.</def>

<cs><col>Grate surface</col> <fld>(Steam, Boiler)</fld> <cd>the area of the surface of the grate upon which the fuel lies in the furnace.</cd></cs>

<h1>Grate</h1>
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<hw>Grate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grated</er>; <tt>p. pr. &. vb. n.</tt> <er>Grating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To furnish with grates; to protect with a grating or crossbars; <as>as, to grate a window</as>.</def>

<h1>Grate</h1>
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<hw>Grate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF <ets>grater</ets> to scrape, scratch, F. <ets>gratter</ets>, LL. <ets>gratare</ets>, <ets>cratare</ets>; of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>chrazz&omac;n</ets> G. <ets>kratzen</ets>, D. <ets>krassen</ets>, Sw. <ets>Kratta</ets>, and perh. E. <ets>scratch.</ets>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rub roughly or harshly, as one body against another, causing a harsh sound; <as>as, to <ex>grate</ex> the teeth</as>; to produce (a harsh sound) by rubbing.</def>

<blockquote>On their hinges <b>grate</b>
Harsh thunder.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reduce to small particles by rubbing with anything rough or indented; <as>as, to <ex>grate</ex> a nutmeg</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fret; to irritate; to offend.</def>

<blockquote>News, my good lord Rome . . . <b>grates</b> me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grate</h1>
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<hw>Grate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a harsh sound by friction.</def>

<blockquote>I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned,
Or a dry wheel <b>grate</b> on the exletree.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To produce the effect of rubbing with a hard rough material; to cause wearing, tearing, or bruising. Hence; To produce exasperation, soreness, or grief; to offend by oppression or importunity.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>grated</b> harder upon the hearts of men.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 647  this page badly done
 -- in need of careful proofing -->

<h1>Grated</h1>
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<hw>Grat"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 2d <er>Grate</er>.]</ety> <def>Furnished with a grate or grating; <as>as, <ex>grated</ex> windows</as>.</def>

<h1>Grateful</h1>
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<hw>Grate"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Grate</ets>, <tt>a</tt>. + <ets>full</ets>; cf. F. <ets>gr\'82</ets> thanks, good will, fr. L. <ets>gratum</ets>, neut. of <ets>gratus</ets> agreeable, grateful. See <er>Grate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a due sense of benefits received; kindly disposed toward one from whom a favor has been received; willing to acknowledge and repay, or give thanks for, benefits; <as>as, a <ex>grateful</ex> heart</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>grateful</b> mind
By owing, owes not, but still pays.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affording pleasure; pleasing to the senses; gratifying; delicious; <as>as, a <ex>grateful</ex> present; food <ex>grateful</ex> to the palate; <ex>grateful</ex> sleep</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Now golden fruits on loaded branches shine,
And <b>grateful</b> clusters swell.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Thankful; pleasing; acceptable; gratifying; agreeable; welcome; delightful; delicious.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Grate"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Grate"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Grater</h1>
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<hw>Grat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From Qrate, v.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, grates; especially, an instrument or utensil with a rough, indented surface, for rubbing off small particles of any substance; <as>as a <ex>grater</ex> for nutmegs</as>.</def>

<h1>Graticulation</h1>
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<hw>Gra*tic"u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>graticulation</ets>, <ets>craticulation</ets>, fr. <ets>graticuler</ets>, <ets>craticuler</ets>, to square, fr. <ets>graticule</ets>, <ets>craticule</ets>, graticule, L. <ets>craticula</ets>, dim. of <ets>crates</ets> wickerwork. See 2d <er>Grate</er>.]</ety> <def>The division of a design or draught into squares, in order the more easily to reproduce it in larger or smaller dimensions.</def>

<h1>Graticule</h1>
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<hw>Grat"i*cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Graticulation.</er>]</ety> <def>A design or draught which has been divided into squares, in order to reproduce it in other dimensions.</def>

<h1>Gratification</h1>
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<hw>Grat"i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. gratificatio: cf. F. gratification.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of gratifying, or pleasing, either the mind, the taste, or the appetite; <as>as, the <ex>gratification</ex> of the palate, of the appetites, of the senses, of the desires, of the heart</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which affords pleasure; satisfaction; enjoyment; fruition: delight.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A reward; a recompense; a gratuity. </def>

<i>Bp. Morton.</i>

<h1>Glatified</h1>
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<hw>Glat"i*fied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pleased; indulged according to desire.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Glad; pleased. See <er>Glad.</er></syn>

<h1>Gratifier</h1>
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<hw>Grat"i*fi"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gratifies or pleases.</def>

<h1>Gratify</h1>
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<hw>Grat"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gratified</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt>. <er>Gratifying</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>gratifier</ets>, L. <ets>gratificari</ets>; <ets>gratus</ets> pleasing + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To please; to give pleasure to; to satisfy; to soothe; to indulge; <as>as, to <ex>gratify</ex> the taste, the appetite, the senses, the desires, the mind, etc</as>.</def>

<blockquote>For who would die to <b>gratify</b> a foe?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To requite; to recompense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It remains . . .
To <b>gratify</b> his noble service.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To indulge; humor please; delight; requite; recompense.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Gratify</er>, <er>Indulge</er>, <er>Humor.</er> <i>Gratify</i>, is the generic term, and has reference simply to the pleasure communicated. To <i>indulge</i> a person implies that we concede something to his wishes or his weaknesses which he could not claim, and which had better, perhaps, be spared. To <i>humor</i> is to adapt ourselves to the varying moods, and, perhaps, caprices, of others.  We <i>gratify</i> a child by showing him the sights of a large city; we <i>indulge</i> him in some extra expense on such an occasion; we <i>humor</i> him when he is tired and exacting.</usage>

<h1>Grating</h1>
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<hw>Grat"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d Grate.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A partition, covering, or frame of parallel or cross bars; a latticework resembling a window grate; <as>as, the <ex>grating</ex> of a prison or convent</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>(Optics) A system of close equidistant and parallel lines lines or bars, especially lines ruled on a polished surface, used for producing spectra by diffraction; -- called also <altname>diffraction grating</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>pl. (Naut.) The strong wooden lattice used to cover a hatch, admitting light and air; also, a movable Lattice used for the flooring of boats.</def>

<h1>Grating</h1>
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<hw>Grat"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See Grate to rub harshy.]</ety> <def>That grates; making a harsh sound; harsh.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Grat"ing*ly</wf>, adv.</wordforms>

<h1>Grating</h1>
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<hw>Grat"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A harsh sound caused by attrition.</def>

<h1>Gratiolin</h1>
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<hw>Gra*ti"o*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the essential principles of the hedge hyssop (<spn>Gratiola officinalis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Gratis</h1>
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<hw>Gra"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[L., contr. fr. <ets>gratiis</ets> out of favor or kindness, without recompense, for nothing, fr. <ets>gratia</ets> favor. See <er>Grace.</er>]</ety> <def>For nothing; without fee or recompense; freely; gratuitously.</def>

<h1>Gratitude</h1>
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<hw>Grat"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gratitude</ets>, LL. <ets>gratitudo</ets>, from <ets>gratus</ets> agreeable, grateful. See <er>Grate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The state of being grateful; warm and friendly feeling toward a benefactor; kindness awakened by a favor received; thankfulness.</def>

<blockquote>The debt immense of endless <b>gratitude.</b>
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gratuitous</h1>
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<hw>Gra*tu"i*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gratuitus</ets>, from <ets>gratus</ets> pleasing. See <er>Grate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Gratis.</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Given without an equivalent or recompense; conferred without valuable consideration; granted without pay, or without claim or merit; not required by justice.</def>

<blockquote>We mistake the <b>gratuitous</b> blessings of Heaven for the fruits of our own industry.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not called for by the circumstances; without reason, cause, or proof; adopted or asserted without any good ground; <as>as, a <ex>gratuitous</ex> assumption</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Acts of <b>gratuitous</b> self-humiliation.
<i>De Quincye.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Gra*tu"i*tous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Gra*tu"i*tous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Gratuity</h1>
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<hw>Gra*tu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gtratuities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>gratuit\'82</ets>, or LL. <ets>gratuitas</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something given freely or without recompense; a free gift; a present.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something voluntarily given in return for a favor or service, as a recompense or acknowledgment.</def>
<-- usually money.  In particular, the money given to a waiter, cab driver, bellhop, etc. as a reward for good service  = tip -->

<h1>Gratulate</h1>
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<hw>Grat"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grqatulated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gratulating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>gratulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>gratulari</ets> to congratulate, fr. <ets>gratus</ets> pleasing, agreeable. See <er>Grate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To salute with declaration of joy; to congratulate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gratulate</h1>
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<hw>Grat"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worthy of gratulation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There's more behind that is more <b>gratulate</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gratulation</h1>
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<hw>Grat"u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. gratulatio.]</ety> <def>The act of gratulating or felicitating; congratulation.</def>

<blockquote>I shall turn my wishes into <b>gratulations.</b>
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gratulatory</h1>
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<hw>Grat"u*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. gratulatorius.]</ety> <def>Expressing gratulation or joy; congratulatory.</def>

<blockquote>The usual groundwork of such <b>gratulatory</b> odes.
<i>Bp. Horsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Graunt</h1>
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<hw>Graunt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. & n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Grant.</er> <i>Chaucer.</i></def>

<h1>Grauwacke</h1>
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<hw>Grau"wack*e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <def>Graywacke.</def>

<h1>Gravamen</h1>
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<hw>Gra*va"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Gravamina </plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Gravamens</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>gravare</ets> to load, burden, fr. <ets>gravis</ets> heavy, weighty. See <er>Grave</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The grievance complained of; the substantial cause of the action; also, in general, the ground or essence of a complaint. Bouvier.</def>

<h1>-grave</h1>
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<hw>-grave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A final syllable signifying a ruler, as in landgrave, margrave. See <er>Margrave.</er></def>

<h1>Grave</h1>
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<hw>Grave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>(Naut.) To clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles, grass, etc., and pay it over with pitch; -- so called because <i>graves</i> or <i>greaves</i> was formerly used for this purpose.</def>

<h1>Grave</h1>
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<hw>Grave</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Graver</er> <tt>(gr&amac;v"&etil;r)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Gravest.</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>gravis</ets> heavy; cf. It. & Sp. <ets>grave</ets> heavy, grave. See <er>Grief.</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of great weight; heavy; ponderous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His shield <b>grave</b> and great.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of importance; momentous; weighty; influential; sedate; serious; -- said of character, relations, etc.; <as>as, <ex>grave</ex> deportment, character, influence, etc</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Most potent, <b>grave</b>, and reverend seigniors.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>grave</b> and prudent law, full of moral equity.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not light or gay; solemn; sober; plain; <as>as, a <ex>grave</ex> color; a <ex>grave</ex> face</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>(Mus.) (a) Not acute or sharp; low; deep; -- said of sound; <as>as, a <ex>grave</ex> note or key</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The thicker the cord or string, the more <b>grave</b> is the note or tone.
<i>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Slow and solemn in movement.</def>

<cs><col>Grave accent</col>. <cd>(Pron.) See the Note under <er>Accent</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Solemn; sober; serious; sage; staid; demure; thoughtful; sedate; weighty; momentous; important.</syn> <usage> --  <er>Grave</er>, <er>Sober</er>, <er>Serious</er>, <er>Solemn.</er> <i>Sober</i> supposes the absence of all exhilaration of spirits, and is opposed to <ref>gay</ref> or <ref>flighty</ref>; <as>as, <ex>sober</ex> thought</as>. <i>Serious</i> implies considerateness or reflection, and is opposed to <ref>jocose</ref> or <ref>sportive</ref>; <as>as, <i>serious</i> and important concerns</as>. <i>Grave</i> denotes a state of mind, appearance, etc., which results from the pressure of weighty interests, and is opposed to <ref>hilarity</ref> of feeling or <ref>vivacity</ref> of manner; <as>as, a <ex>qrave</ex> remark; <ex>qrave</ex> attire</as>. <i>Solemn</i> is applied to a case in which gravity is carried to its highest point; <as>as, a <ex>solemn</ex> admonition; a <ex>solemn</ex> promise</as>.</usage>

<h1>Grave</h1>
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<hw>Grave</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Graved</er> <tt>(gr&amac;vd)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Graven</er> <tt>(gr&amac;v"'n)</tt> or <er>Graved</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Graving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.  <ets>grafan</ets> to dig, grave, engrave; akin to OFries. <ets>greva</ets>, D. <ets>graven</ets>, G. <ets>graben</ets>, OHG. & Goth. <ets>graban</ets>, Dan.  <ets>grabe</ets>, Sw. <ets>gr&aum;fva</ets>, Icel. <ets>grafa</ets>, but prob. not to Gr. <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write, E. <ets>graphic.</ets> Cf. <er>Grave</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Grove</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To dig. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> Chaucer.</def>

<blockquote>He hath <b>graven</b> and digged up a pit.
<i>Ps. vii. 16 (Book of Common Prayer). </i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard substance; to engrave.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt take two onyx stones, and <b>grave</b> on them the names of the children of Israel.
<i>Ex. xxviii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel; to sculpture; <as>as, to <ex>grave</ex> an image</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With gold men may the hearte <b>grave</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To impress deeply (on the mind); to fix indelibly.</def>

<blockquote>O! may they graven in thy heart remain.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b>  <def>To entomb; to bury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Lie full low, <b>graved</b> in the hollow ground.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grave</h1>
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<hw>Grave</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To write or delineate on hard substances, by means of incised lines; to practice engraving.</def>

<h1>Grave</h1>
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<hw>Grave</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gr?f</ets>, fr. <ets>grafan</ets> to dig; akin to D. & OS. <ets>graf</ets>, G. <ets>grab</ets>, Icel. <ets>gr\'94f</ets>, Russ. <ets>grob'</ets> grave, coffin. See <er>Grave</er> to carve.]</ety> <def>An excavation in the earth as a place of burial; also, any place of interment; a tomb; a sepulcher. Hence: Death; destruction.</def>

<blockquote>He bad lain in the <b>grave</b> four days.
<i>John xi. 17.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Grave wax</col>, <cd>adipocere</cd>.</cs>

<h1>Graveclothes</h1>
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<hw>Grave"clothes`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>The clothes or dress in which the dead are interred.</def>

<h1>Gravedigger</h1>
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<hw>Grave"dig`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A digger of graves.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Burying beetle</cref>, under <er>Bury</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Gravel</h1>
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<hw>Grav"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>gravele</ets>, akin to F. <ets>gr?ve</ets> a sandy shore, strand; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. <ets>grouan</ets> gravel, W. <ets>gro</ets> coarse gravel, pebbles, and Skr. <ets>gr&amac;van</ets> stone.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Small stones, or fragments of stone; very small pebbles, often intermixed with particles of sand.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A deposit of small calculous concretions in the kidneys and the urinary or gall bladder; also, the disease of which they are a symptom.</def>

<cs><col>Gravel powder</col>, <cd>a coarse gunpowder; pebble powder.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gravel</h1>
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<hw>Grav"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Graveled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Gravelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Graveling</er> or <er>Gravelling</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover with gravel; <as>as, to gravel a walk</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To run (as a ship) upon the gravel or beach; to run aground; to cause to stick fast in gravel or sand.</def>

<blockquote>When we were fallen into a place between two seas, they <b>graveled</b> the ship.
<i>Acts xxvii. 41 (Rhemish version).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Willam the Conqueror . . . chanced as his arrival to be <b>graveled</b>; and one of his feet stuck so fast in the sand that he fell to the ground.
<i>Camden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To check or stop; to embarrass; to perplex.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>When you were <b>graveled</b> for lack of matter.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The physician was so <b>graveled</b> and amazed withal, that he had not a word more to say.
<i>Sir T. North.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To hurt or lame (a horse) by gravel lodged between the shoe and foot.</def>

<h1>Graveless</h1>
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<hw>Grave"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a grave; unburied.</def>

<mhw><h1>Graveling, or Gravelling</h1>
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<hw>Grav"el*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, or <hw>Grav"el*ling</hw></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of covering with gravel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A layer or coating of gravel (on a path, etc.).</def>

<mhw><h1>Graveling, or Gravelling</h1>
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<hw>Grav"el*ing</hw>, or <hw>Grav"el*ling</hw></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A salmon one or two years old, before it has gone to sea.</def>

<h1>Gravelliness</h1>
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<hw>Grav"el*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being gravelly.</def>

<h1>Gravelly</h1>
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<hw>Grav"el*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding with gravel; consisting of gravel; <as>as, a <ex>gravelly</ex> soil</as>.</def>

<h1>Gravel-stone</h1>
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<hw>Grav"el-stone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pebble, or small fragment of stone; a calculus.</def>

<h1>Gravely</h1>
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<hw>Grave"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a grave manner.</def>

<h1>Graven</h1>
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<hw>Grav"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Grave</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Carved.</def>

<cs><col>Graven image</col>, <cd>an idol; an object of worship carved from wood, stone, etc. "Thou shalt not make unto thee any <i>graven image</i>." <i>Ex. xx. 4</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Graveness</h1>
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<hw>Grave"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being grave.</def>

<blockquote>His sables and his weeds,
Importing health and <b>graveness</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gravenstein</h1>
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<hw>Gra"ven*stein"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called because it came from Gravenstein, a place in Schleswig. Downing.]</ety> <def>A kind of fall apple, marked with streaks of deep red and orange, and of excellent flavor and quality.</def>

<h1>Graveolence</h1>
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<hw>Gra*ve"o*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>graveolentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>grav\'82olence.</ets> See <er>Graveolent.</er>]</ety> <def>A strong and offensive smell; rancidity. <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Bailey.</i></def>

<h1>Graveolent</h1>
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<hw>Gra*ve"o*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>graveolens</ets>; <ets>gravis</ets> heavy + <ets>olere</ets> to smell.]</ety> <def>Having a rank smell. <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Boyle.</i></def>

<h1>Graver</h1>
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<hw>Graver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who graves; an engraver or a sculptor; one whose occupation is te cut letters or figures in stone or other hard material.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ergraving or cutting tool; a burin.</def>

<h1>Gravery</h1>
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<hw>Grav"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act, process, or art, of graving or carving; engraving.</def>

<blockquote>Either of picture or <b>gravery</b> and embossing.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Graves</h1>
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<hw>Graves</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>The sediment of melted tallow. Same as <er>Greaves.</er></def>

<h1>Graves' disease</h1>
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<hw>Graves"' dis*ease"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[So called after Dr. <ets>Graves</ets>, of Dublin.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Basedow's disease</er>.</def>

<h1>Gravestone</h1>
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<hw>Grave"stone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stone laid over, or erected near, a grave, usually with an inscription, to preserve the memory of the dead; a tombstone.</def>

<h1>Graveyard</h1>
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<hw>Grave"yard"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A yard or inclosure for the interment of the dead; a cemetery.</def>

<h1>Gravic</h1>
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<hw>Grav"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or causing, gravitation; <as>as, <ex>gravic</ex> forces; <ex>gravic</ex> attraction.</as></def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Gravid</h1>
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<hw>Grav"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gravidus</ets>, fr. <ets>gravis</ets> heavy, loaded. See <er>Grave</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Being with child; heavy with young; pregnant; fruitful; <as>as, a <ex>gravid</ex> uterus; <ex>gravid</ex> piety</as>.</def> " His <i>gravid</i> associate." <i>Sir T. Herbert</i>.

<h1>Gravidated</h1>
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<hw>Grav"i*da"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gravidatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>gravidare</ets> to load, impregnate. See <er>Gravid</er>.]</ety> <def>Made pregnant; big. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Barrow.</i></def>

<h1>Gravidation</h1>
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<hw>Grav"i*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Gravidity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gravidity</h1>
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<hw>Gra*vid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>graviditas.</ets>]</ety> <def>The state of being gravidated; pregnancy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Gravigrade</h1>
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<hw>Grav"i*grade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. gravis heavy + gradus step.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Slow-paced.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the pachyderms</def>.</def2>

<h1>Gravimeter</h1>
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<hw>Gra*vim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gravis</ets> heavy + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gravim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>(Physics) An instrument for ascertaining the specific gravity of bodies.</def>

<h1>Gravimetric</h1>
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<hw>Grav"i*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to measurement by weight; measured by weight.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Grav"i*met"ric*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, adv.</wordforms>

<cs><col>Gravimetric analysis</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>analysis in which the amounts of the coastituents are determined by weight;  -- in distinction from <cref>volumetric analysis</cref>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Graving</h1>
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<hw>Grav"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Grave to clean.]</ety> <def>The act of cleaning a ship's bottom.</def>

<cs><col>Graving dock</col>. <cd>(Naut.) See under Dock.</cd></cs>

<h1>Graving</h1>
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<hw>Grav"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Grave to dig.]</ety> <p><b>l.</b> <def>The act or art of carving figures in hard substances, esp. by incision or in intaglio.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is graved or carved.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Skillful to . . . <b>grave</b> any manner of <b>graving</b>.
<i>2 Chron. ii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Impression, as upon the mind or heart.</def>

<blockquote>New <b>gravings</b> upon their souls.
<i>Eikon Basilike</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gravitate</h1>
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<hw>Grav"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gravitated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gravitating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>graviter.</ets> See <er>Gravity.</er>]</ety> <def>To obey the law of gravitation; to exert a force Or pressure, or tend to move, under the influence of gravitation; to tend in any direction or toward any object.</def>

<blockquote>Why does this apple fall to the ground? Because all bodies <b>gravitate</b> toward each other.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Politicians who naturally <b>gravitate</b> towards the stronger party.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gravitation</h1>
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<hw>Grav"i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. gravitation. See Gravity.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of gravitating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>(Pysics) That species of attraction or force by which all bodies or particles of matter in the universe tend toward each other; called also <altname>attraction of gravitation</altname>, <altname>universal gravitation</altname>, and <altname>universal gravity</altname>. See <er>Attraction</er>, and <er>Weight.</er></def>

<cs><col>Law of gravitatian</col>, <cd>that law in accordance with which gravitation acts, namely, that every two bodies or portions of matter in the universe attract each other with a force proportional directly to the quantity of matter they contain, and inversely to the squares of their distances.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gravitational</h1>
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<hw>Grav`i*tation*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the force of gravity; <as>as, <ex>gravitational</ex> units</as>.</def>

<h1>Gravitative</h1>
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<hw>Gravi*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing to gravitate; tending to a center.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Gravity</h1>
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<hw>Grav"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gravities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>gravitas</ets>, fr. <ets>gravis</ets> heavy; cf. F. <ets>gravit\'82</ets>. See <er>Grave</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Grief</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of having weight; beaviness; <as>as, the <ex>gravity</ex> of lead</as>.</def>


<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sobriety of character or demeanor.</def> "Men of <i>gravity</i> and learning."<

<i>Shak.</i>

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<p><b>3.</b> <def>Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence, seriousness; enormity; <as>as, the <ex>gravity</ex> of an offense</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They derive an importance from . . . the <b>gravity</b> of the place where they were uttered.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The tendency of a mass of matter toward a center of attraction; esp., the tendency of a body toward the center of the earth; terrestrial gravitation.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Lowness of tone; -- opposed to acuteness.</def>

<cs><col>Center of gravity</col> <cd>See under <er>Center</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gravity battery</col>, <cd>See <er>Battery</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Specific gravity</col>, <cd>the ratio of the weight of a body to the weight of an equal volume of some other body taken as the standard or unit. This standard is usually water for solids and liquids, and air for gases. Thus, 19, the specific gravity of gold, expresses the fact that, bulk for bulk, gold is nineteen times as heavy as water.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gravy</h1>
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<hw>Gra"vy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gravies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. greavie; prob. fr. greaves, graves, the sediment of melted tallow. See <er>Greaves</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The juice or other liquid matter that drips from flesh in cooking, made into a dressing for the food when served up.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Liquid dressing for meat, fish, vegetables, etc.</def>

<h1>Gray</h1>
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<hw>Gray</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Grayer</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Grayest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. gray, grey, AS. gr?g, gr?g; akin to D.  graauw OHG. gr?o, G. grau, Dan. graa, Dw. gr?, Icel.  grdr.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>grey</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>White mixed with black, as the color of pepper and salt, or of ashes, or of hair whitened by age; sometimes, a dark mixed color; <as>as, the soft gray eye of a dove</as>.</def>

<blockquote>These <b>gray</b> and dun colors may be also produced by mixing whites and blacks.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gray-haired; gray-headed; of a gray color; hoary.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Old; mature; <as>as, gray experience</as>. Ames.</def>

<cs><col>Gray antimony</col> (<fld>Min.</fld>), <cd>stibnite.</cd> -- <col>Gray buck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickara.</cd> -- <col>Gray cobalt</col> (<fld>Min.</fld>), <cd>smaltite.</cd> -- <col>Gray copper</col>  (<fld>Min.</fld>), <cd>tetrahedrite.</cd> -- <col>Gray duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the gadwall; also applied to the female mallard.</cd> -- <col>Gray falcon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>the peregrine falcon.</cd> -- <col>Gray Friar</col>. <cd>See <er>Franciscan</er>, and <er>Friar</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gray hen</col> (<fld>Zo\'94l.</fld>), <cd>the female of the blackcock or black grouse. See <er>Heath grouse</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gray mill or millet</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name of several plants of the genus <spn>Lithospermum</spn>; gromwell.</cd> -- <col>Gray mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>any one of the numerous species of the genus <spn>Mugil</spn>, or family <spn>Mugilid&ae;</spn>, found both in the Old World and America; as the European species (<spn>M. capito</spn>, and <spn>M. auratus</spn>), the American striped mullet (<spn>M. albula</spn>), and the white or silver mullet (<spn>M. Braziliensis</spn>). See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gray owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd> the European tawny or brown owl (<spn>Syrnium aluco</spn>). The great gray owl (<spn>Ulula cinerea</spn>) inhabits arctic America.</cd> -- <col>Gray parrot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a parrot (<spn>Psittacus erithacus</spn>), very commonly domesticated, and noted for its aptness in learning to talk.</cd> -- <col>Gray pike</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sauger</er>.</cd> --  <col>Gray snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a Florida fish; the sea lawyer. See <er>Snapper</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gray snipe</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the dowitcher in winter plumage.</cd> -- <col>Gray whale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a rather large and swift California whale (<spn>Rhachianectes glaucus</spn>), formerly taken in large numbers in the bays; -- called also grayback, devilfish, and hardhead.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gray</h1>
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<hw>Gray</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A gray color; any mixture of white and black; also, a neutral or whitish tint.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An animal or thing of gray color, as a horse, a badger, or a kind of salmon.</def>

<blockquote>Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day.
That coats thy life, my gallant gray.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grayback</h1>
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<hw>Gray"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The California gray whale.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The redbreasted sandpiper or knot</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The dowitcher</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The body louse.</def>

<h1>Graybeard</h1>
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<hw>Gray"beard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An old man.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Grayfly</h1>
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<hw>Gray"fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The trumpet fly.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Grayhound</h1>
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<hw>Gray"hound`</hw> <tt>(-hound`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Greyhound</er>.</def>

<h1>Grayish</h1>
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<hw>Gray"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat gray.</def>

<h1>Graylag</h1>
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<hw>Gray"lag`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common wild gray goose (<spn>Anser anser</spn>) of Europe, believed to be the wild form of the domestic goose. See <it>Illust</it>. of <er>Goose</er>.</def>

<h1>Grayling</h1>
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<hw>Gray"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Gray</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European fish (<spn>Thymallus vulgaris</spn>), allied to the trout, but having a very broad dorsal fin; -- called also <altname>umber</altname>.  It inhabits cold mountain streams, and is valued as a game fish.</def>

<blockquote>And here and there a lusty trout,
And here and there a grayling.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American fish of the genus <spn>Thymallus</spn>, having similar habits to the above; one species (<spn>T. Ontariensis</spn>), inhabits several streams in Michigan; another  (<spn>T. montanus</spn>), is found in the Yellowstone region.</def>

<h1>Grayness</h1>
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<hw>Gray"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being gray.</def>

<h1>Gtraystone</h1>
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<hw>Gtray"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A grayish or greenish compact rock, composed of feldspar and augite, and allied to basalt.</def>

<h1>Graywacke</h1>
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<hw>Gray"wacke`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>grauwacke</ets>; <ets>grau</ets> gray + <ets>wacke</ets> wacke. See <er>Gray</er>, and <er>Wacke</er>, and cf. <er>Grauwacke</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A conglomerate or grit rock, consisting of rounded pebbles sand firmly united together.</def>

<note>&hand; This term, derved from the <i>grauwacke</i> of German miners, was formerly applied in geology to different grits and slates of the Silurian series; but it is now seldom used.</note>

<h1>Graze</h1>
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<hw>Graze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>imp. & p. p.</ets> Grazed (<?/); <ets>p. pr. & vb. n.</ets> Grazing.]</ety> <ety>[OE. grasen, AS. grasian, fr.  gr?s grass. See Grass.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To feed or supply (cattle, sheep, etc.) with grass; to furnish pasture for.</def>

<blockquote>A field or two to <b>graze</b> his cows.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To feed on; to eat (growing herbage); to eat grass from (a pasture); to browse.</def>

<blockquote>The lambs with wolves shall <b>graze</b> the verdant mead.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To tend (cattle, etc.) while grazing.</def>

<blockquote>When Jacob <b>grazed</b> his uncle Laban's sheep.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To rub or touch lightly the surface of (a thing) in passing; <as>as, the bullet grazed the wall</as>.</def>

<h1>Graze</h1>
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<hw>Graze</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To eat grass; to feed on growing herbage; <as>as, cattle graze on the meadows</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To yield grass for grazing.  The ground cortinueth the wet, whereby it will never graze to purpose.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To touch something lightly in passing.</def>

<h1>Graze</h1>
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<hw>Graze</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of grazing; the cropping of grass.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Turning him out for a grace on the common.
<i>T. Hughes. </i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A light touch; a slight scratch.</def>

<h1>Grazer</h1>
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<hw>Graz"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One that grazes; a creature which feeds on growing grass or herbage.</def>

<blockquote>The cackling goose,
Close <b>grazer</b>, finds wherewith to ease her want.
<i>J. Philips. </i></blockquote>

<h1>Grazier</h1>
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<hw>Gra"zier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pastures cattle, and rears them for market.</def>

<blockquote>The inhabitants be rather . . . <b>graziers</b> than plowmen.
<i>Stow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grazing</h1>
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<hw>Graz"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who, or that which, grazes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pasture; growing grass.</def>

<h1>Grazioso</h1>
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<hw>Gra"zi*o"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[It., adj. See Gracious.]</ety> (<fld>Mus.</fld>) <def>Gracefully; smoothly; elegantly.</def>

<h1>Gre</h1>
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<hw>Gre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gree</er>, a step.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gre</h1>
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<hw>Gre</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gree</er>, good will</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Grease</h1>
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<hw>Grease</hw> <tt>(gres)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. grese, grece, F. graisse; akin to gras fat, greasy, fr. LL. grassus thick, fat, gross, L. <ets>crassus</ets>. Cf. <er>Crass</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Animal fat, as tallow or lard, especially when in a soft state; oily or unctuous matter of any kind.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An inflammation of a horse's heels, suspending the ordinary greasy secretion of the part, and producing dryness and scurfiness, followed by cracks, ulceration, and fungous excrescences.</def>

<cs><col>Grease bush</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Grease wood</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Grease moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a pyralid moth (<spn>Aglossa pinguinalis</spn>) whose larva eats greasy cloth, etc.</cd> -- <col>Grease wood</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a scraggy, stunted, and somewhat prickly shrub (<spn>Sarcobatus vermiculatus</spn>) of the Spinach family, very abundant in alkaline valleys from the upper Missouri to California. The name is also applied to other plants of the same family, as several species of <spn>Atriplex</spn> and <spn>Obione</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Grease</h1>
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<hw>Grease</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Greased</er> <tt>(grezd or gresd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Greasing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To smear, anoint, or daub, with grease or fat; to lubricate; <as>as, to grease the wheels of a wagon</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bribe; to corrupt with presents.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>greased</b> advocate that grinds the poor.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cheat or cozen; to overreach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl. </i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>(Ear.) To affect (a horse) with grease, the disease.</def>

<cs><col>To grease in the hand</col>, <cd>to corrupt by bribes.</cd></cs>

<i>Usher.</i>

<h1>Greaser</h1>
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<hw>Greas"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, greases; specifically, a person employed to lubricate the working parts of machinery, engines, carriages, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A nickname sometimes applied in contempt to a Mexican of the lowest type.</def> <mark>[Low, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Greasily</h1>
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<hw>Greas"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> In a greasy manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a gross or indelicate manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>You talk <b>greasily</b>; your lips grow foul.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Greasiness</h1>
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<hw>Greas"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being greasy, oiliness; unctuousness; grossness.</def>

<h1>Greasy</h1>
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<hw>Greas"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Compar. Greasier (<?/); superl. Greasiest.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Composed of, or characterized by, grease; oily; unctuous; <as>as, a greasy dish</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Smeared or defiled with grease.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>greasy</b> aprons, rules, and hammers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Like grease or oil; smooth; seemingly unctuous to the touch, as is mineral soapstone.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fat of body; bulky</def>. <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Gross; indelicate; indecent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>Affected with the disease called <cref>grease</cref>; as, the heels of a horse. See <er>Grease</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Great</h1>
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<hw>Great</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Greater</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Greatest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gret</ets>, great, AS. <ets>gre?t</ets>; akin to OS. & LG. <ets>gr?t</ets>, D. <ets>groot</ets>, OHG. <ets>gr?z</ets>, G. <ets>gross</ets>. Cf. <er>Groat</er> the coin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Large in space; of much size; big; immense; enormous; expanded; -- opposed to small and little; <as>as, a <ex>great</ex> house, ship, farm, plain, distance, length</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Large in number; numerous; <as>as, a great company, multitude, series, etc</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Long continued; lengthened in duration; prolonged in time; <as>as, a <ex>great</ex> while; a <ex>great</ex> interval.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Superior; admirable; commanding; -- applied to thoughts, actions, and feelings.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Endowed with extraordinary powers; uncommonly gifted; able to accomplish vast results; strong; powerful; mighty; noble; <as>as, a great hero, scholar, genius, philosopher, etc</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Holding a chief position; elevated: lofty: eminent; distingushed; formost; principal; <as>as, <ex>great</ex> men; the <ex>great</ex> seal; the <ex>great</ex> marshal, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>He doth object I am too <b>great</b> of birth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Entitled to earnest consideration; weighty; important; <as>as, a <ex>great</ex> argument, truth, or principle</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Pregnant; big (with young).</def>

<blockquote>The ewes <b>great</b> with young.
<i>Ps. lxxviii. 71.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>More than ordinary in degree; very considerable in degree; <as>as, to use <ex>great</ex> caution; to be in <ex>great</ex> pain</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We have all
<b>Great</b> cause to give <b>great</b> thanks.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>(Genealogy) Older, younger, or more remote, by single generation; -- often used before grand to indicate one degree more remote in the direct line of de scent; <as>as, great-grandfather (a grandfather's or a grand-  mother's father), great-grandson, etc</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Great bear</col> (<fld>Astron.</fld>), the constellation Ursa Major. --  <col>Great cattle</col> (<fld>Law</fld>), all manner of cattle except sheep and yearlings. <i>Wharton</i>. -- <col>Great charter</col> (<fld>Eng. Hist.</fld>), Magna Charta. -- <col>Great circle of a sphere</col>, a circle the plane of which passes through the center of the sphere. -- <col>Great circle sailing</col>, the process or art of conducting a ship on a great circle of the globe or on the shortest arc between two places. -- <col>Great go</col>, the final examination for a degree at the University of Oxford, England; -- called also <altname>greats</altname>.  <i>T. Hughes</i>. -- <col>Great guns</col>. (Naut.) See under Gun. -- <col>The Great Lakes</col> the large fresh-water lakes (Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario) which lie on the northern borders of the United States. -- <col>Great master</col>.  Same as <cref>Grand master</cref>, under <er>Grand</er>. -- <col>Great organ</col>  (Mus.), the largest and loudest of the three parts of a grand organ (the others being the <i>choir organ</i> and the <i>swell</i>, and sometimes the <i>pedal organ</i> or foot keys), It is played upon by a separate keyboard, which has the middle position. -- <col>The great powers</col> (of Europe), in modern diplomacy, Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Russia, and Italy. -- <col>Great primer</col>. See under <er>Type</er>. --  <col>Great scale</col> (<fld>Mus.</fld>), the complete scale; -- employed to designate the entire series of musical sounds from lowest to highest. -- <col>Great sea</col>, the Mediterranean sea. In Chaucer both the Black and the Mediterranean seas are so called. -- <col>Great seal</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The principal seal of a kingdom or state.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In Great Britain, the lord chancellor  (who is custodian of this seal); also, his office.</cd><-- #sp in original, "Britain" was "Britian" --> -- <col>Great tithes</col>. <cd>See under Tithes.</cd> -- <col>The great</col>, <cd>the eminent, distinguished, or powerful.</cd> -- <col>The Great Spirit</col>, <cd>among the North American Indians, their chief or principal deity.</cd>  -- <col>To be great</col> (with one), <cd>to be intimate or familiar (with him). <i>Bacon</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Great</h1>
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<hw>Great</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The whole.; the gross; <as>as, a contract to build a ship by the great</as>.</def>

<h1>Great-bellied</h1>
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<hw>Great"-bel`lied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a great belly, bigbellied; pregnant; teeming.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Greatcoat</h1>
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<hw>Great"coat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An overcoat.</def>

<h1>Greaten</h1>
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<hw>Great"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make great; to aggrandize; to cause to increase in size; to expand.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A minister's [business] is to <b>greaten</b> and exalt [his king].
<i>Ken.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Greaten</h1>
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<hw>Great"en</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become large; to dilate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>My blue eyes <b>greatening</b> in the looking-glass.
<i>Mrs. Browning. </i></blockquote>

<h1>Great-grandchild</h1>
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<hw>Great"-grand"child`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The child of one's grandson or granddaughter.</def>

<h1>Great-granddaughter</h1>
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<hw>Great"-grand"daugh`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Great</er>, 10.]</ety> <def>A daughter of one's grandson or granddaughter.</def>

<h1>Great-grandfather</h1>
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<hw>Great"-grand"fa`ther</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Great</er>, 10.]</ety> <def>The father of one's grandfather or grandmother.</def>

<h1>Great-grandmother</h1>
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<hw>Great"-grand"moth`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The mother of one's grandfather or grandmother.</def>

<h1>Great-grandson</h1>
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<hw>Great"-grand"son`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Great</er>, 10.]</ety> <def> A son of one's grandson or granddaughter.</def>

<h1>Great-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Great"-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>High-spirited; fearless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Generous; magnanimous; noble.</def>

<h1>Great-heartedness</h1>
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<hw>Great"-heart`ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being greathearted; high-mindedness; magnanimity.</def>

<h1>Greatly</h1>
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<hw>Great"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a great degree; much.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>greatly</b> multiply thy sorrow.
<i>Gen. iii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Nobly; illustriously; magnanimously</def>.

<blockquote>By a high fate thou <b>greatly</b> didst expire.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Greatness</h1>
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<hw>Great"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gre\'a0tnes</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state, condition, or quality of being great; <as>as, <ex>greatness</ex> of size, <ex>greatness</ex> of mind, power, etc</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pride; haughtiness. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></def

<blockquote>It is not of pride or <b>greatness</b> that he cometh not aboard your ships.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Greave</h1>
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<hw>Greave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A grove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Greave</h1>
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<hw>Greave</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. greees; cf. Sp. grevas.]</ety> <def>Armor for the leg below the knee; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<h1>Greave</h1>
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<hw>Greave</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Greaved</er> <tt>(gr&emac;vd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr.  & vb. n.</tt> <er>Greaving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From Greaves.]</ety> (<fld>Naut.</fld>) <def>To clean  (a ship's bottom); to grave.</def>

<h1>Greaves</h1>
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<hw>Greaves</hw> <tt>(gr&emac;vz)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Cf. dial. Sw. <ets>grevar</ets> greaves, LG. <ets>greven</ets>, G. <ets>griebe</ets>, also AS. <ets>greofa</ets> pot. Cf. <er>Gravy.</er>]</ety> <def>The sediment of melted tallow. It is made into cakes for dogs' food. In Scotland it is called <altname>cracklings</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>graves</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Grebe</h1>
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<hw>Grebe</hw> <tt>(gr&emac;b)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gr?be</ets>, fr. Armor. <ets>krib</ets> comb; akin to <ets>kriben</ets> crest, W. <ets>crib</ets> comb, crest.  So called in allusion to the crest of one species.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several swimming birds or divers, of the genus <spn>Colymbus</spn> (formerly <spn>Podiceps</spn>), aud allied genera, found in the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia. They have strong, sharp bills, and lobate toes.</def>

<h1>Grecian</h1>
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<hw>Gre"cian"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Greek.</er>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Greece; Greek.</def>

<cs><col>Grecian bend</col>, <cd>among women, an affected carriage of the body, the upper part being inclined forward.</cd> <mark>[Collog.]</mark> -- <col>Grecian fire</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>Greek fire</cref>, under <er>Greek</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Grecian</h1>
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<hw>Gre"cian</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or naturalized inhabitant of Greece; a Greek.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A jew who spoke Greek; a Hellenist.</def>

<i>Acts vi. 1.</i>

<note>&hand; The Greek word rendered <i>Grecian</i> in the Authorized Version of the New Testament is translated <i>Grecian Jew</i> in the Revised Version.</note>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>One well versed in the Greek language, literature, or history.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Grecism</h1>
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<hw>Gre"cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gr\'82cisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>An idiom of the Greek language; a Hellenism.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

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<h1>Grecize</h1>
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<hw>Gre"cize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grecized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Grecizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gr\'82ciser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render Grecian; also, to cause (a word or phrase in another language) to take a Greek form; <as>as, the name is <ex>Grecized</ex></as>.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To translate into Greek.</def>

<mhw><h1>Grecize, Grecianize</h1>
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<hw>Gre"cize</hw>, <hw>Gre"cian*ize</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To conform to the Greek custom, especially in speech.</def>

<h1>Greco-Roman</h1>
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<hw>Gre"co-Ro"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having characteristics that are partly Greek and partly Roman; <as>as, <ex>Greco-Roman</ex> architecture</as>.</def>

<h1>Grecque</h1>
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<hw>Grecque</hw> <tt>(gr&ecr;k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>An ornament supposed to be of Greek origin, esp. a fret or meander,</def>

<h1>Gree</h1>
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<hw>Gree</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gr\'82</ets>. See Grateful, and cf. <er>Agree.</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Good will; favor; pleasure; satisfaction; -- used esp. in such phrases as: to take in <ex>gree</ex>; to accept in <ex>gree</ex>; that is, to take favorably.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Accept in <b>gree</b>, my lord, the words I spoke.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rank; degree; position.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>He is a shepherd great in <b>gree</b>.
<i>Spnser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The prize; the honor of the day; <as>as, to bear the <ex>gree</ex>, <it>i. e.</it>, to carry off the prize</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gree</h1>
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<hw>Gree</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Agree.</er>]</ety> <def>To agree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Gree</h1>
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<hw>Gree</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Grees</plw> <tt>(gr&emac;z)</tt>; obs. plurals <plw>Greece</plw> <tt>(gr&emac;s)</tt> <plw>Grice</plw> <tt>(gr?s or gr?s)</tt>, <plw>Grise</plw>, <plw>Grize</plw> <tt>(gr?z or gr?z)</tt>, etc.</plu> <ety>[OF. <ets>gr\'82</ets>, F. <ets>grade.</ets> See <er>Grade.</er>]</ety> <def>A step.</def>

<h1>Greece</h1>
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<hw>Greece</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Gree</er> a step.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Greed</h1>
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<hw>Greed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to Goth. gr?dus hunger, Icel. <ets>gr&amac;&edh;r</ets>. &root;34. See <er>Greedy.</er>]</ety> <def>An eager desire or longing; greediness; <as>as, a <ex>greed</ex> of gain</as>.</def>

<h1>Greedily</h1>
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<hw>Greed"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, adv. In a greedy manner.</def>

<h1>Greediness</h1>
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<hw>Greed"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS gr?dignes.]</ety> <def>The quality of being greedy; vehement and selfish desire.</def>

<blockquote>Fox in stealth, wolf in <b>greediness.</b>
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn.-- Ravenousness; voracity; eagerness; avidity.</syn>

<h1>Greedy</h1>
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<hw>Greed"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Greedier</er> <tt>(-&icr;-&etil;r)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Greediest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gredi</ets>, AS. <ets>gr?dig</ets>, <ets>gr?dig</ets>; akin to D. <ets>gretig</ets>, OS. <ets>gr?dag</ets>, OHG. <ets>gr?tag</ets>, Dan. <ets>graadig</ets>, OSw. <ets>gradig</ets>, <ets>gr?dig</ets>, Icel. <ets>gra?ugr</ets>, Goth. <ets>gr?dags</ets> greedy, <ets>gr?d?n</ets> to be hungry; cf. Skr. <ets>grdh</ets> to be greedy. Cf. <er>Greed.</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a keen appetite for food or drink; ravenous; voracious; very hungry; -- followed by of; <as>as, a lion that is <ex>greedy</ex> of his prey</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a keen desire for anything; vehemently desirous; eager to obtain; avaricious; <as>as, <er>greedy</er> of gain</as>.</def>

<h1>Greedy-gut</h1>
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<hw>Greed"y-gut"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A glutton.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>Todd.</i>

<h1>Greegree</h1>
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<hw>Gree"gree"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An African talisman or Gri'gri' charm.</def>

<cs><col>A greegree man</col>, <cd>an African magician or fetich priest.</cd></cs>

<h1>Greek</h1>
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<hw>Greek</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>grec</ets>, L. <ets>Graecus</ets>, Gr. ?: cf. F. <ets>grec</ets>. Cf. <er>Grecian</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Greece or the Greeks; Grecian.</def>

<cs><col>Greek calends</col>. <cd>See under Calends.</cd> -- <col>Greek Church</col> (<fld>Eccl. Hist.</fld>), <cd>the Eastern Church; that part of Christendom which separated from the Roman or Western Church in the ninth century. It comprises the great bulk of the Christian population of Russia (of which this is the established church), Greece, Moldavia, and Wallachia. The Greek Church is governed by patriarchs and is called also the Byzantine Church.</cd> -- <col>Greek cross</col>. <cd>See <it>Illust</it>. (10) Of <er>Cross</er>.</cd> -- <col>Greek Empire</col>. <cd>See <er>Byzantine Empire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Greek fire</col>, <cd>a combustible composition which burns under water, the constituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with niter and sulphur.</cd> <i>Ure</i>. -- <col>Greek rose</col></mcol>, <cd>the flower campion.</cd></cs>

<h1>Greek</h1>
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<hw>Greek</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native, or one of the people, of Greece; a Grecian; also, the language of Greece.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A swindler; a knave; a cheat.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<blockquote>Without a confederate the . . . game of baccarat does not . . . offer many chances for the <b>Greek.</b>
<i>Sat. Rev.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Something unintelligible; <as>as, it was all <b>Greek</b> to me</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Greekess</h1>
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<hw>Greek"ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female Greek.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Greekish</h1>
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<hw>Greek"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>Gr&emac;cisc</ets>.]</ety> <def>Peculiar to Greece.</def>

<h1>Greekling</h1>
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<hw>Greek"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little Greek, or one of small esteem or pretensions.</def>

<i>B. Jonson. </i>

<h1>Green</h1>
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<hw>Green</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Greener</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Greenest.</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>grene</ets>, AS. <ets>gr?ne</ets>; akin to D. <ets>groen</ets>, OS. <ets>gr?ni</ets>, OHG. <ets>gruoni</ets>, G. <ets>gr?n</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>gr?n</ets>, Icel.  <ets>gr?nn</ets>; fr. the root of E. <ets>grow.</ets>  See <er>Grow.</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the color of grass when fresh and growing; resembling that color of the solar spectrum which is between the yellow and the blue; verdant; emerald.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a sickly color; wan.</def>

<blockquote>To look so green and pale.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Full of life aud vigor; fresh and vigorous; new; recent; <as>as, a <ex>green</ex> manhood; a <ex>green</ex> wound.</as></def>

<blockquote>As valid against such an old and beneficent government as against . . . the <b>greenest</b> usurpation.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not ripe; immature; not fully grown or ripened; <as>as, <ex>green</ex> fruit, corn, vegetables, etc</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Not roasted; half raw.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>We say the meat is <b>green</b> when half roasted.
<i>L. Watts. </i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Immature in age or experience; young; raw; not trained; awkward; <as>as, <ex>green</ex> in years or judgment</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I might be angry with the officious zeal which supposes that its <b>green</b> conceptions can instruct my gray hairs.
<i>Sir W. Scott. </i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Not seasoned; not dry; containing its natural juices; <as>as, green wood, timber, etc</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Green brier</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a thorny climbing shrub (<spn>Emilaz rotundifolia</spn>) having a yellowish green stem and thick leaves, with small clusters of flowers, common in the United States; -- called also <altname>cat brier</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Green con</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the pollock.</cd> -- <col>Green crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an edible, shore crab (<spn>Carcinus menas</spn>) of Europe and America; -- in New England locally named <altname>joe-rocker</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Green crop</col>, <cd>a crop used for food while in a growing or unripe state, as distingushed from a grain crop, root crop, etc.</cd> -- <col>Green diallage</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Diallage, a variety of pyroxene.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Smaragdite.</cd> -- <col>Green dragon</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a North American herbaceous plant (<spn>Aris\'91ma Dracontium</spn>), resembling the Indian turnip; -- called also <altname>dragon root</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Green earth</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of glauconite, found in cavities in amygdaloid and other eruptive rock, and used as a pigment by artists; -- called also <altname>mountain green</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Green ebony</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A south American tree (<spn>Jacaranda ovalifolia</spn>), having a greenish wood, used for rulers, turned and inlaid work, and in dyeing.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The West Indian green ebony.</cd> See <er>Ebony</er>. -- <col>Green fire</col> (<fld>Pyrotech.</fld>), <cd>a composition which burns with a green flame. It consists of sulphur and potassium chlorate, with some salt of barium (usually the nitrate), to which the color of the flame is due.</cd> --  <col>Green fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any green species of plant lice or aphids, esp. those that infest greenhouse plants.</cd> -- <col>Green gage</col>, <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Greengage</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Green gland</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of a pair of large green glands in Crustacea, supposed to serve as kidneys. They have their outlets at the bases of the larger antenn\'91.</cd> -- <col>Green hand</col>, <cd>a novice. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> -- <col>Green heart</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the wood of a lauraceous tree found in the West Indies and in South America, used for shipbuilding or turnery. The green heart of Jamaica and Guiana is the <spn>Nectandra Rodi\'d2i</spn>, that of Martinique is the <spn>Colubrina ferruginosa</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Green iron ore</col>  (<fld>Min.</fld>) <cd>dufrenite.</cd> -- <col>Green laver</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an edible seaweed  (<spn>Ulva latissima</spn>); -- called also <altname>green sloke</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Green lead ore</col> (<fld>Min.</fld>), <cd>pyromorphite.</cd> -- <col>Green linnet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the greenfinch.</cd> -- <col>Green looper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the cankerworm.</cd> -- <col>Green marble</col> (<fld>Min.</fld>), <cd>serpentine.</cd> -- <col>Green mineral</col>, <cd>a carbonate of copper, used as a pigment. See <er>Greengill</er>.</cd> -- <col>Green monkey</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>a West African long-tailed monkey (<spn>Cercopithecus callitrichus</spn>), very commonly tamed, and trained to perform tricks. It was introduced into the West Indies early in the last century, and has become very abundant there.</cd> -- <col>Green salt of Magnus</col> (<fld>Old Chem.</fld>), <cd>a dark green crystalline salt, consisting of ammonia united with certain chlorides of platinum.</cd> -- <col>Green sand</col> (<fld>Founding</fld>)  <cd>molding sand used for a mold while slightly damp, and not dried before the cast is made.</cd> -- <col>Green sea</col> (<fld>Naut.</fld>), <cd>a wave that breaks in a solid mass on a vessel's deck.</cd> --  <col>Green sickness</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>chlorosis.</cd> -- <col>Green snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of two harmless American snakes (<spn>Cyclophis vernalis</spn>, and <spn>C. \'91stivus</spn>). They are bright green in color.</cd> -- <col>Green turtle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an edible marine turtle. See <er>Turtle</er>.</cd> --  <col>Green vitriol</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>Sulphate of iron; a light green crystalline substance, very extensively used in the preparation of inks, dyes, mordants, etc.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> (<fld>Min.</fld>) <cd>Same as <altname>copperas</altname>, <altname>melanterite</altname> and <altname>sulphate of iron</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Green ware</col>, <cd>articles of pottery molded and shaped, but not yet baked.</cd>  -- <col>Green woodpecker</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common European woodpecker (<spn>Picus viridis</spn>); -- called also <altname>yaffle</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Green</h1>
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<hw>Green</hw> <tt>(gren)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The color of growing plants; the color of the solar spectrum intermediate between the yellow and the blue.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with verdant herbage; <as>as, the village <ex>green</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>O'er the smooth enameled <b>green</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other plants; wreaths; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>In that soft season when descending showers
Call forth the <b>greens</b>, and wake the rising flowers.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>pl. Leaves and stems of young plants, as spinach, beets, etc., which in their green state are boiled for food.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Any substance or pigment of a green color.</def>

<cs><col>Alkali green</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an alkali salt of a sulphonic acid derivative of a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green; -- called also <altname>Helvetia green</altname>.</cd>-- <col>Berlin green</col><cd>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> See under <er>Berlin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Brilliant green</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green in composition.</cd> -- <col>Brunswick green</col><cd> an oxychloride of copper.</cd> -- <col>Chrome green</col><cd>. See under <er>Chrome</er>.</cd> -- <col>Emerald green</col><cd>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> (a) A complex basic derivative of aniline produced as a metallic, green crystalline substance, and used for dyeing silk, wool, and mordanted vegetable fiber a brilliant green; -- called also <altname>aldehyde green</altname>, <altname>acid green</altname>, <altname>malachite green</altname>, <altname>Victoria green</altname>, <altname>solid green</altname>, etc. It is usually found as a double chloride, with zinc chloride, or as an oxalate. (b) See <cref>Paris green</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Gaignet's green</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>a green pigment employed by the French artist, Adrian Gusgnet, and consisting essentially of a basic hydrate of chromium.</cd> -- <col>Methyl green</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an artificial rosaniline dyestuff, obtained as a green substance having a brilliant yellow luster; -- called also light-green.</cd> -- <col>Mineral green</col><cd>. See under <er>Mineral</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mountain green</col><cd>. See <cref>Green earth</cref>, under <er>Green</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>Paris green</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a poisonous green powder, consisting of a mixture of several double salts of the acetate and arsenite of copper. It has found very extensive use as a pigment for wall paper, artificial flowers, etc., but particularly as an exterminator of insects, as the potato bug; -- called also <altname>Schweinfurth green</altname>, <altname>imperial green</altname>, <altname>Vienna green</altname>, <altname>emerald qreen</altname>, and <altname>mitis green</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Scheele's green</col></mcol> <fld><cd>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a green pigment, consisting essentially of a hydrous arsenite of copper; -- called also <altname>Swedish green</altname>. It may enter into various pigments called <altname>parrot green</altname>, <altname>pickel green</altname>, <altname>Brunswick green</altname>, <altname>nereid green</altname>, or <altname>emerald green</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Green</h1>
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<hw>Green</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Greened</er> <tt>(great)</tt>: <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Greening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make green.</def>

<blockquote>Great spring before
<b>Greened</b> all the year.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<-- THe Greening of America [Reich] -->

<h1>Green</h1>
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<hw>Green</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become or grow green.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>By <b>greening</b> slope and singing flood.
<i>Whittier.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Greenback</h1>
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<hw>Green"back"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the legal tender notes of the United States; -- first issued in 1862, and having the devices on the back printed with green ink, to prevent alterations and counterfeits.</def>

<h1>Greenbacker</h1>
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<hw>Green"back"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of those who supported greenback or paper money, and opposed the resumption of specie payments.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Greenbone</h1>
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<hw>Green"bone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So named because the bones are green when boiled.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any garfish (<spn>Belone</spn> or <spn>Tylosurus</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The European eelpout.</def>

<h1>Green-broom</h1>
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<hw>Green"-broom`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Genista</spn> (<spn>G. tinctoria</spn>); dyer's weed; -- called also <altname>greenweed.</altname>

<h1>Greencloth</h1>
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<hw>Green"cloth`</hw> <tt>(-kl&ocr;th`; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A board or court of justice formerly held in the counting house of the British sovereign's household, composed of the lord steward and his officers, and having cognizance of matters of justice in the household, with power to correct offenders and keep the peace within the verge of the palace, which extends two hundred yards beyond the gatees.</def>

<h1>Greenery</h1>
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<hw>Green"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Green plants; verdure.</def>

<blockquote>A pretty little one-storied abode, so rural, so smothered in <b>greenery</b>.
<i>J. Ingelow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Green-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Green"-eyed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having green eyes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Seeing everything through a medium which discolors or distorts.</def> "<i>Green-eyed</i> jealousy."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Greenfinch</h1>
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<hw>Green"finch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A European finch (<spn>Ligurinus chloris</spn>);  -- called also <altname>green bird</altname>, <altname>green linnet</altname>, <altname>green grosbeak</altname>, <altname>green olf</altname>, <altname>greeny</altname>, and <altname>peasweep</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The Texas sparrow  (<spn>Embernagra rufivirgata</spn>), in which the general color is olive green, with four rufous stripes on the head.</def>

<h1>Greenfish</h1>
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<hw>Green"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bluefish</er>, and <er>Pollock</er>.</def>

<h1>Greengage</h1>
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<hw>Green"gage`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of plum of medium size, roundish shape, greenish flesh, and delicious flavor. It is called in France <altname>Reine Claude</altname>, after the queen of Francis I. See <er>Gage</er>.</def>

<h1>Greengill</h1>
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<hw>Green"gill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An oyster which has the gills tinged with a green pigment, said to be due to an abnormal condition of the blood.</def>

<h1>Greengrocer</h1>
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<hw>Green"gro`cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A retailer of vegetables or fruits in their fresh or green state.</def>

<h1>Greenhead</h1>
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<hw>Green"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The mallard.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The striped bass. See <er>Bass</er>.</def>

<h1>Greenhead, Greenhood</h1>
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<hw><hw>Green"head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Green"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of greenness; verdancy.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Greenhorn</h1>
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<hw>Green"horn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A raw, inexperienced person; one easily imposed upon.</def>

<i>W. Irving.  </i>

<h1>Greenhouse</h1>
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<hw>Green"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house in which tender plants are cultivated and sheltered from the weather.</def>

<h1>Greening</h1>
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<hw>Green"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A greenish apple, of several varieties, among which the Rhode Island greening is the best known for its fine-grained acid flesh and its excellent keeping quality.</def>

<h1>Greenish</h1>
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<hw>Green"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat green; having a tinge of green; <as>as, a <ex>greenish</ex> yellow</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Green"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Greenlander</h1>
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<hw>Green"land*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Greenland.</def>

<h1>Green-leek</h1>
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<hw>Green"-leek`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Australian parrakeet (<spn>Polytelis Barrabandi</spn>); -- called also the <altname>scarlet-breasted parrot</altname>.</def>

<h1>Greenlet</h1>
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<hw>Green"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>l. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> One of numerous species of small American singing birds, of the genus <spn>Vireo</spn>, as the solitary, or blue-headed (<spn>Vireo solitarius</spn>); the brotherly-love  (<spn>V. Philadelphicus</spn>); the warbling greenlet (<spn>V. gilvus</spn>); the yellow-throated greenlet (<spn>V. flavifrons</spn>) and others. See <er>Vireo</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>(Zo\'94l,) Any species of <spn>Cyclorhis</spn>, a genus of tropical American birds allied to the tits.</def>

<h1>Greenly</h1>
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<hw>Green"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With a green color; newly; freshly, immaturely.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a green color.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></def2>

<h1>Greenness</h1>
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<hw>Green"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gr?nnes</ets>. See <er>Green.</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being green; viridity; verdancy; <as>as, the <ex>greenness</ex> of grass, or of a meadow</as>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Freshness; vigor; newness.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Immaturity; unripeness; <as>as, the <ex>greenness</ex> of fruit</as>; inexperience; <as>as, the <ex>greenness</ex> of youth</as>.</def>

<h1>Greenockite</h1>
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<hw>Green"ock*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after Lord <ets>Greenock</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native cadmium sulphide, a mineral occurring in yellow hexagonal crystals, also as an earthy incrustation.</def>

<h1>Greenroom</h1>
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<hw>Green"room`</hw> (gr&emac;n"room`), <tt>n.</tt> <def>The retiring room of actors and actresses in a theater.</def>

<h1>Greensand</h1>
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<hw>Green"sand`</hw> <tt>(-s<?/nd`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A variety of sandstone, usually imperfectly consolidated, consisting largely of glauconite, a silicate of iron and potash of a green color, mixed with sand and a trace of phosphate of lime.</def>

<note> &hand;Greensand is often called <altname>marl</altname>, because it is a useful fertilizer. The greensand beds of the American Cretaceous belong mostly to the Upper Cretaceous.</note>

<h1>Greenshank</h1>
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<hw>Green"shank`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European sandpiper or snipe (<spn>Totanus canescens</spn>); -- called also <altname>greater plover<altname>.</def>

<h1>Green-stall</h1>
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<hw>Green"-stall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stall at which greens and fresh vegetables are exposed for sale.</def>

<h1>Greenstone</h1>
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<hw>Green"stone`</hw> <tt>(gr&emac;n"st&omac;n`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from a tinge of green in the color.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A name formerly applied rather loosely to certain dark-colored igneous rocks, including diorite, diabase, etc.</def>

<h1>Greensward</h1>
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<hw>Green"sward`</hw> <tt>(-sward')</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Turf green with grass.</def>

<h1>Greenth</h1>
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<hw>Greenth</hw> <tt>(gr&emac;nth)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Growth.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being green; verdure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>greenth</b> of summer.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Greenweed</h1>
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<hw>Green"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Greenbroom</er>.</def>

<h1>Greenwood</h1>
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<hw>Green"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A forest as it appears is spring and summer.</def>

<h1>Greenwood</h1>
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<hw>Green"wood`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a greenwood; <as>as, a <ex>greenwood</ex> shade</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Greet</h1>
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<hw>Greet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Great.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Greet</h1>
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<hw>Greet</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>greten</ets>, AS. <ets>gr?tan</ets>, <ets>gr?lan</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>grata</ets>, Sw. <ets>gi?ta</ets>, Dan. <ets>gr?de</ets>, Goth. <ets>gr?ctan</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>hr?d</ets> to sound, roar. &root;50.]</ety> <def>To weep; to cry; to lament.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>greit</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Greet</h1>
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<hw>Greet</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mourning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Greet</h1>
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<hw>Greet</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Greeted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Greeting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>greten</ets>, AS. <ets>gr</ets>?<ets>tan</ets> to address, approach; akin to OS. <ets>gr<?/tian</ets>, LG\'3e <ets>gr\'94ten</ets>, D. <ets>groeten</ets>, OHG. <ets>gruozzen</ets>, G. <ets>gr\'81ssen</ets>. &root;50.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To address with salutations or expressions of kind wishes; to salute; to hail; to welcome; to accost with friendship; to pay respects or compliments to, either personally or through the intervention of another, or by writing or token.</def>

<blockquote>My lord, the mayor of London comes to <b>greet</b> you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come upon, or meet, as with something that makes the heart glad.</def>

<blockquote>In vain the spring my senses <b>greets</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To accost; to address.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

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<h1>Greet</h1>
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<hw>Greet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To meet and give salutations.</def>

<blockquote>There <b>greet</b> in silence, as the dead are wont, And sleep in peace.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Greet</h1>
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<hw>Greet</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Greeting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>F. Beaumont.  </i>

<h1>Greeter</h1>
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<hw>Greet"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who greets or salutes another.</def>

<h1>Greeter</h1>
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<hw>Greet"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who weeps or mourns.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Greeting</h1>
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<hw>Greet"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Expression of kindness or joy; salutation at meeting; a compliment from one absent.</def>

<blockquote>Write to him . . . gentle adieus and <b>greetings.</b>
<i>Shak.

<syn>Syn. -- Salutation; salute; compliment.</syn>

<h1>Greeve</h1>
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<hw>Greeve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Grieve</er>, an overseer.</def>

<h1>Greeze</h1>
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<hw>Greeze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A step. See <er>Gree</er>, a step.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The top of the ladder, or first <b>greeze</b>, is this.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Greffier</h1>
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<hw>Gref"fi*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from LL. <ets>grafarius</ets>, <ets>graphiarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>graphium</ets>, a writing style; cf. F.  <ets>greffe</ets> a record office. See <er>Graft</er>, and cf. <er>Graffer.</er>]</ety> <def>A registrar or recorder; a notary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Gregal</h1>
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<hw>Gre"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. gregalis, fr. grex, gregis, herd.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or like, a flock.</def>

<blockquote>For this gregal conformity there is an excuse.
<i>W. S. Mayo.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gregarian</h1>
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<hw>Gre*ga"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gregarious; belonging to the herd or common sort; common.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "The gregarian soldiers."

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>\d8<cd>Gregarin\91</h1>
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<hw>\"d8<cd>Greg`a*ri"n\"91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>Gregarina</ets> the typical genus, fr. L. <ets>gregarius</ets>.  See <er>Gregarious</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Protozoa, allied to the Rhizopoda, and parasitic in other animals, as in the earthworm, lobster, etc.   When adult, they have a small, wormlike body inclosing a nucleus, but without external organs; in one of the young stages, they are am\'d2biform; -- called also <altname>Gregarinida</altname>, and <altname>Gregarinaria</altname>.</def></cs>

<h1>Gregarine</h1>
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<hw>Greg"a*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Gregarin\'91.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Gregarin\'91.</def></def2>

<h1>\d8Gregarinida</h1>
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<hw>\"d8Greg`a*rin"i*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <def>Gregarin\'91.</def>

<h1>Gregarious</h1>
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<hw>Gre*ga"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gregarius</ets>, fr. <ets>grex</ets>, <ets>gregis</ets>, herd; cf. Gr. <?/ to assemble, Skr. <ets>jar</ets> to approach. Cf. <er>Congregate</er>, <er>Egregious</er>.]</ety> <def>Habitually living or moving in flocks or herds; tending to flock or herd together; not habitually solitary or living alone.</def> <i>Burke</i>.

<blockquote>No birds of prey are <b>gregarious</b>.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<-- 2. (of people) enjoying companionship; sociable; not solitary.

  3. (of plants) growing in clusters. -->

-- <wordforms><wf>Gre*ga"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Gre-ga'ri-ous-ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<mhw><h1>Grege</h1>
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<hw>Grege</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Greg"ge<hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. gregier to burden.]</ety> <def>To make heavy; to increase.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Greggoe, Grego</h1>
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<hw><hw>Greg"goe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gre"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr, It. <ets>Greco</ets> Greek, or Sp. <ets>Griego</ets>, or Pg. <ets>Grego</ets>.]</ety> <def>A short jacket or cloak, made of very thick, coarse cloth, with a hood attached, worn by the Greeks and others in the Levant.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>griego</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Gregorian</h1>
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<hw>Gre*go"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. Gregorianus, fr. Gregorius Gregory, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>gr\'82gorien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or originated by, some person named Gregory, especially one of the popes of that name.</def>

<cs><col>Gregorian calendar</col>, <cd>the calendar as reformed by Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582, including the method of adjusting the leap years so as to harmonize the civil year with the solar, and also the regulation of the time of Easter and the movable feasts by means of epochs. See <cref>Gregorian year</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Gregorian chant</col> <fld>(Mus.<cd>)</fld>, plain song, or canto fermo, a kind of unisonous music, according to the eight celebrated church modes, as arranged and prescribed by Pope Gregory I. (called "the Great") in the 6th century.</cd>  -- <col>Gregorian modes</col>, <cd>the musical scales ordained by Pope Gregory the Great, and named after the ancient Greek scales, as Dorian, Lydian, etc.</cd> -- <col>Gregorian telescope</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>a form of reflecting telescope, named from Prof. James <i>Gregory</i>, of Edinburgh, who perfected it in 1663. A small concave mirror in the axis of this telescope, having its focus coincident with that of the large reflector, transmits the light received from the latter back through a hole in its center to the eyepiece placed behind it.</cd> --  <col>Gregorian year</col>, <cd>the year as now reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar. Thus, every year, of the current reckoning, which is divisible by 4, except those divisible by 100 aud not by 400, has 366 days; all other years have 365 days. See <er>Bissextile</er>, and Note under <er>Style</er>, <tt>n.<tt>, 7.</cd></cs>

<h1>Greillade</h1>
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<hw>Greil"lade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>Iron ore in coarse powder, prepared for reduction by the Catalan process.</def>

<h1>Greisen</h1>
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<hw>Grei"sen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A crystalline rock consisting of quarts and mica, common in the tin regions of Cornwall and Saxony.</def>

<h1>Greit</h1>
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<hw>Greit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Greet</er>, to weep.</def>

<h1>Greith</h1>
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<hw>Greith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>grct?a</ets>: cf. AS. <ets>ger?dan</ets> to arrange; pref. <ets>ge-</ets> + <ets>r<?/de</ets> ready. Cf. <er>Ready.</er>]</ety> <def>To make ready; -- often used reflexively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Greith</h1>
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<hw>Greith</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>grci?i</ets>. See <er>Greith</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>Goods; furniture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <note>See <er>Graith</er>.</note>

<h1>Gremial</h1>
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<hw>Gre"mi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. gremium lap, bosom.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the lap or bosom.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Gremial</h1>
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<hw>Gre"mi*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bosom friend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Ecol.)</fld> <def>A cloth, often adorned with gold or silver lace, placed on the bishop's lap while he sits in celebrating mass, or in ordaining priests.</def>

<h1>Grenade</h1>
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<hw>Gre*nade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>grenade</ets> a pomegranate, a grenade, or Sp. <ets>granada</ets>; orig., filled with seeds. So called from the resemblanse of its shape to a pomegranate. See <er>Carnet</er>, <er>Grain</er> a kernel, and cf. <er>Pomegranate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hollow ball or shell of iron filled with powder of other explosive, ignited by means of a fuse, and thrown from the hand among enemies.</def>

<cs><col>Hand grenade</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small grenade of iron or glass, usually about two and a half inches in diameter, to be thrown from the hand into the head of a sap, trenches, covered way, or upon besiegers mounting a breach.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A portable fire extinguisher consisting of a glass bottle containing water and gas. It is thrown into the flames. Called also <altname>fire grenade</altname>.</cd> <col>Rampart grenades</col>, <cd>grenades of various sizes, which, when used, are rolled over the pararapet in a trough.</cd></cs>

<h1>Grenadier</h1>
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<hw>Gren`a*dier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. grenadier. See <er>Grenade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Originaly, a soldier who carried and threw grenades; afterward, one of a company attached to each regiment or battalion, taking post on the right of the line, and wearing a peculiar uniform. In modern times, a member of a special regiment or corps; <as>as, a <ex>grenadier</ex> of the guard of Napoleon I.</as> one of the regiment of <ex>Grenadier</ex> Guards of the British army, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any marine fish of the genus <spn>Macrurus</spn>, in which the body and tail taper to a point; they mostly inhabit the deep sea; -- called also <altname>onion fish</altname>, and <altname>rat-tail fish</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bright-colored South African grosbeak (<spn>Pyromelana orix</spn>), having the back red and the lower parts black.</def>

<h1>Grenadillo</h1>
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<hw>Gren`a*dil"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. granadillo.]</ety> <def>A handsome tropical American wood, much used for making flutes and other wind instruments; -- called also <altname>Grenada cocos</altname>, or <altname>cocus</altname>, and <altname>red ebony</altname>.</def>

<h1>Grenadine</h1>
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<hw>Gren`a*dine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thin gauzelike fabric of silk or wool, for women's wear.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A trade name for a dyestuff, consisting essentially of impure fuchsine.</def>

<-- 3. a liqueur -->

<h1>Grenado</h1>
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<hw>Gre*na"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Grenade</er>.</def>

<h1>Grene</h1>
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<hw>Grene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Green.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gres</h1>
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<hw>Gres</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Grass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gressorial, Gressorious</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gres*so"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gres*so"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gressus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>gradi</ets> to step, go.]</ety> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>Adapted for walking; anisodactylous; as the feet of certain birds and insects. See <it>Illust</it>. under <er>Aves</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Gret, Grete</h1>
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<hw>Gret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Grete</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Great.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gretto</h1>
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<hw>Gret"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Greet</er>, to salute.</def>

<h1>Greve</h1>
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<hw>Greve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A grove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Grew</h1>
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<hw>Grew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of Grow.</def>

<mhw><h1>Grewsome<def>, Grue'some</h1>
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<hw>Grew"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, <hw>Grue'some</hw></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From a word akin to Dan. <ets>gru</ets> horror, terror + <ets>-some</ets>; cf. D. <ets>gruwzaam</ets>, G. <ets>grausam</ets>. Cf. <er>Grisly</er>.]</ety> <def>Ugly; frightful.</def>

<blockquote><b>Grewsome</b> sights of war.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grey</h1>
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<hw>Grey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Gray</er> (the correct orthography).</def>

<h1>Greyhound</h1>
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<hw>Grey"hound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>graihund</ets>, <ets>greihound</ets>, <ets>greahund</ets>, <ets>grihond</ets>, Icel. <ets>greyhundr</ets>; grey greyhound + <ets>hundr</ets> dog; cf. AS. <ets>gr?ghund</ets>. The origin of the first syllable is unknown.]</ety> <def>A slender, graceful breed of dogs, remarkable for keen sight and swiftness. It is one of the oldest varieties known, and is figured on the Egyptian monuments.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>grayhound</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Greylag</h1>
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<hw>Grey"lag`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See Graylag.</def>

<h1>Gribble</h1>
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<hw>Grib"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E. grib to bite.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small marine isopod crustacean (<spn>Limnoria lignorum</spn> or <spn>L. terebrans</spn>), which burrows into and rapidly destroys submerged timber, such as the piles of wharves, both in Europe and America.</def>

<h1>Grice</h1>
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<hw>Grice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gris</ets>, <ets>grise</ets>; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. <ets>gr?ss</ets>, Sw.  <ets>gris</ets>, Dan. <ets>grus</ets>, also Gr. ?, Skr.  <ets>ghrshvi</ets>, boar. Cf. <er>Grise</er>, <er>Griskin</er>.]</ety> <def>A little pig.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>grise</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Grice</h1>
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<hw>Grice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gree</er>, a step.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Grid</h1>
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<hw>Grid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A grating of thin parallel bars, similar to a gridiron.</def>

<h1>Griddle</h1>
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<hw>Grid"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gredil</ets>, <ets>gredl</ets>, <ets>gridel</ets>, of Celtic origin; cf.  W. <ets>greidell</ets>, Ir. <ets>greideal</ets>, <ets>greideil</ets>, griddle, gridiron, <ets>greadaim</ets> I burn, scorch. Cf. <er>Gridiron</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An iron plate or pan used for cooking cakes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sieve with a wire bottom, used by miners.</def>

<h1>Griddlecake</h1>
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<hw>Grid"dle*cake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cake baked or fried on a griddle, esp. a thin batter cake, as of buckwheat or common flour.</def>

<h1>Gride</h1>
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<hw>Gride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>e. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grided</er>; <tt>p. pr. &  vb. n.</tt> <er>Griding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For gird, properly, to strike with a rod. See <er>Yard</er> a measure, and cf. <er>Grid</er> to strike, sneer.]</ety> <def>To cut with a grating sound; to cut; to penetrate or pierce harshly; <as>as, the griding sword</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>That through his thigh the mortal steel did <b>gride</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grade</h1>
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<hw>Grade</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>grade</b> of hatchets fiercely thrown.
On wigwam log, and tree, and stone.
<i>Whittier.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gridelin</h1>
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<hw>Grid"e*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gris de lin</ets> gray of flax, flax gray.]</ety> <def>A color mixed of white, and red, or a gray violet.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gredaline</asp>, <asp>grizelin</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Gridiron</h1>
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<hw>Grid"i`ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gredire</ets>, <ets>gredirne</ets>, from tthe same source as E. <ets>griddle</ets>, but the ending wass confused with E. <ets>iron</ets>. See <er>Griddle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A grated iron utensil for broiling flesh and fish over coals.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An openwork frame on which vessels are placed for examination, cleaning, and repairs.</def>

<-- <p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Sport)</fld> <def>A football field.</def> -->

<cs><col>Gridiron pendulum</col>. <cd>See under Pendulum.</cd> -- <col>Gridiron valve</col></mcol> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>a slide valve with several parallel perforations corresponding to openings in the seat on which the valve moves.</cd></cs>

<h1>Grief</h1>
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<hw>Grief</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>grief</ets>, <ets>gref</ets>, OF. <ets>grief</ets>, <ets>gref</ets>, F. <ets>grief</ets>, L. <ets>gravis</ets> heavy; akin to Gr. ?, Skr. <ets>guru</ets>, Goth. <ets>ka?rus</ets>. Cf. <er>Barometer</er>, <er>Grave</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Grieve</er>, <er>Gooroo.</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pain of mind on account of something in the past; mental suffering arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends, misconduct of one's self or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness.</def>

<blockquote>The mother was so afflicted at the loss of a fine boy, . . . that she died for <b>grief</b> of it.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cause of sorrow or pain; that which afficts or distresses; trial; grievance.</def>

<blockquote>Be factious for redress of all these <b>griefs</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Physical pain, or a cause of it; malady.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>This <b>grief</b> (cancerous ulcers) hastened the end of that famous mathematician, Mr. Harriot.
<i>Wood.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To come to grief</col>, <cd>to meet with calamity, accident, defeat, ruin, etc., causing grief; to turn out badly.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Affiction; sorrow; distress; sadness; trial; grievance.</syn>  <usage><er>Grief</er>, <er>Sorrow</er>, <er>Sadness</er>. <i>Sorrow</i> is the generic term; grief is sorrow for some definite cause -- one which commenced, at least, in the past; sadness is applied to a permanent mood of the mind. <i>Sorrow</i> is transient in many cases; but the <i>grief</i> of a mother for the loss of a favorite child too often turns into habitual sadness. "<i>Grief</i> is sometimes considered as synonymous with <i>sorrow</i>; and in this case we speak of the transports of <i>grief</i>. At other times it expresses more silent, deep, and painful affections, such as are inspired by domestic calamities, particularly by the loss of friends and relatives, or by the distress, either of body or mind, experienced by those whom we love and value." <i>Cogan.</i>See <er>Affliction</er>.</usage>

<h1>Griefful</h1>
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<hw>Grief"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of grief or sorrow.</def>

<i>Sackvingle.</i>

<h1>Griefless</h1>
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<hw>Grief"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without grief.</def>

<i>Huloet.</i>

<h1>Griego</h1>
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<hw>Grie"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Greggoe</er>.</def>

<h1>Grievable</h1>
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<hw>Griev"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lamentable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Griev'ance</h1>
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<hw>Griev'ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. grcvance. See <er>Grieve</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cause of uneasiness and complaint; a wrong done and suffered; that which gives ground for remonstrance or resistance, as arising from injustice, tyranny, etc.; injury.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Grieving; grief; affliction.</def>

<blockquote>The . . . <b>grievance</b> of a mind unreasonably yoked.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Burden; oppression; hardship; trouble.</syn>

<h1>Grievancer</h1>
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<hw>Griev"an*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who occasions a grievance; one who gives ground for complaint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Petition . . . against the bishops as grand <b>grievancers</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<mhw><h1>Grieve, Greeve</h1>
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<hw>Grieve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Greeve</hw></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ger<?/fa</ets>. Cf. <er>Reeve</er> an officer.]</ety> <def>A manager of a farm, or overseer of any work; a reeve; a manorial bailiff.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>Their children were horsewhipped by the <b>grieve</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grieve</h1>
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<hw>Grieve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grieved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Grieving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>greven</ets>, OF. <ets>grever</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gravare</ets> to burden, oppress, fr. <ets>gravis</ets> heavy.  See <er>Grief.</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To occasion grief to; to wound the sensibilities of; to make sorrowful; to cause to suffer; to affect; to hurt; to try.</def>

<blockquote><b>Grieve</b> not the Holy Spirit of God.
<i>Eph. iv. 30.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The maidens <b>grieved</b> themselves at my concern.
<i>Cowper,</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sorrow over; <as>as, to <ex>grieve</ex> one's fate</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Grieve</h1>
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<hw>Grieve</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To feel grief; to be in pain of mind on account of an evil; to sorrow; to mourn; -- often followed by <i>at</i>, <i>for</i>, or <i>over.</i></def>

<blockquote>Do not you <b>grieve</b> at this.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Griever</h1>
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<hw>Griev"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, grieves.</def>

<h1>Grieving</h1>
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<hw>Griev"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sad; sorrowful; causing grief.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of causing grief; the state of being grieved.</def></def2>

 -- <wordforms><wf>Griev'ing-ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Grievous</h1>
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<hw>Griev"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. grevous, grevos, LL. gravosus. See <er>Grief</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Causing grief or sorrow; painful; afflictive; hard to bear; offensive; harmful.</def>

<blockquote>The famine was <b>grievous</b> in the land.
<i>Gen. xii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The thing was very <b>grievous</b> in Abraham's sight.
<i>Gen. xxi 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by great atrocity; heinous; aggravated; flagitious; <as>as, a <ex>grievous</ex> sin</as>.</def>

<i>Gen. xviii. 20.  </i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Full of, or expressing, grief; showing great sorrow or affliction; <as>as, a <ex>grievous</ex> cry</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Griev"ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Griev"ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Griff</h1>
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<hw>Griff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gripe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Grasp; reach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A vein of gold ore within one spade's <b>griff</b>.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. griffe, G. griff, prop., a grasping.]</ety> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>An arrangement of parallel bars for lifting the hooked wires which raise the warp threads in a loom for weaving figured goods.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Griffe</h1>
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<hw>Griffe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The offspring of a mulatto woman and a negro; also, a mulatto.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Griffin</h1>
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<hw>Grif"fin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An Anglo-Indian name for a person just arrived from Europe.</def>

<i>H. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Griffin, Griffon</h1>
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<hw><hw>Grif"fin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Grif"fon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>griffin</ets>, <ets>griffon</ets>, <ets>griffoun</ets>, F. <ets>griffon</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gryphus</ets>, equiv to <ets>gryps</ets>, Gr. <?/; -- so called because of the hooked beak, and akin to <?/ curved, hook-nosed.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A fabulous monster, half lion and half eagle. It is often represented in Grecian and Roman works of art.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A representation of this creature as an heraldic charge.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of large vulture (<spn>Gyps fulvus</spn>) found in the mountainous parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor; -- called also <altname>gripe</altname>, and <altname>grype</altname>. It is supposed to be the "<i>eagle</i>" of the Bible. The bearded griffin is the lammergeir.</def> <altsp>[Written also gryphon.]</altsp>

<hr>
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<p><b>4.</b> <def>An English early apple.</def>

<h1>Grig</h1>
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<hw>Grig</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>kr\'84k</ets> little creature, reptile; or D. <ets>kriek</ets> cricket, E. <ets>cricket</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cricket or grasshopper.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any small eel</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The broad-nosed eel See <er>Glut</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Heath.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Audrey.</i>

<cs><col>As merry as a grig</col><cd> <ety>[etymology uncertain]</ety>, a saying supposed by some to be a corruption of "As merry as a Greek; " by others, to be an allusion to the cricket.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gril</h1>
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<hw>Gril</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gril</ets> harsh; akin to G. <ets>grell</ets> offending the ear or eye, shrill, dazzling, MHG. <ets>grel</ets> angry; cf. AS. <ets>gallan</ets> to provoke.]</ety> <def>Harah; hard; severe; stern; rough.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.  </i>

<h1>Grill</h1>
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<hw>Grill</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gril</ets>. See <er>Grill</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A gridiron.</def>

<blockquote>[They] make <b>grills</b> of [wood] to broil their meat.
<i>Cotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is broiled on a gridiron, as meat, fish, etc.</def>

<h1>Grill</h1>
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<hw>Grill</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grilled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. &  vb. n.</tt> <er>Grilling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>griller</ets>, fr. <ets>gril</ets> gridiron, OF.  <ets>gra\'8bl</ets>, L. <ets>craticulum</ets> for <ets>craticula</ets> fine hurdlework, a small gridiron, dim. of crates hurdle. See <er>Grate</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To broil on a grill or gridiron.  Boiling of men in caldrons, grilling them on gridirons.</def>

<i>Marvell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To torment, as if by broiling.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Grillade</h1>
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<hw>Gril*lade"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Grill</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>The act of grilling; also, that which is grilled.</def>

<h1>Grillage</h1>
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<hw>Gril"lage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Hydraulic Eagin.)</fld> <def>A framework of sleepers and crossbeams forming a foundation in marshy or treacherous soil.</def>

<h1>Grille</h1>
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<hw>Grille</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Grill</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A lattice or grating.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>grille</b> which formed part of the gate.
<i>L. Oliphant.  </i></blockquote>

<h1>Grilly</h1>
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<hw>Gril"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Grill</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To broil; to grill; hence, To harass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Grilse</h1>
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<hw>Grilse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Etymol</ets>. <ets>uncertain</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young salmon after its first return from the sea.</def>

<h1>Grim</h1>
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<hw>Grim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Grimmer</er> <tt>(-mer)</tt>; superl. <er>Grimmest</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>grim</ets>; akin to G. <ets>grimm</ets>, equiv.  to G. & D. <ets>grimmig</ets>, Dan. <ets>grim</ets>, <ets>grum</ets>, Sw. <ets>grym</ets>, Icel.  grimmr, G. gram grief, as adj., hostile; cf. Gr. <?/, a crushing sound, <?/ to neigh.]</ety> <def>Of forbidding or fear-inspiring aspect; fierce; stern; surly; cruel; frightful; horrible.</def>

<blockquote>Whose <b>grim</b> aspect sets every joint a-shaking.
<i>Shak</i></blockquote>.

<blockquote>The ridges of <b>grim</b> war.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn.-- Fierce; ferocious; furious; horrid; horrible; frightful; ghastly; grisly; hideous; stern; sullen; sour.</syn>

<h1>Grimace</h1>
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<hw>Gri*mace"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. AS. <ets>gr<?/ma</ets> mask, specter, Ical. <ets>gr<?/ma</ets> mask, hood, perh. akin to E. <ets>grin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A distortion of the countenance, whether habitual, from affectation, or momentary aad occasional, to express some feeling, as contempt, disapprobation, complacency, etc.; a smirk; a made-up face.</def>

<blockquote>Moving his face into such a hideons grimace, that every feature of it appeared under a different distortion.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; "Half the French words used affectedly by Melantha in Dryden's "<i>Marriage a-la-Mode</i>," as innovations in our language, are now in common usa: <i>chagrin</i>, <i>double</i>--<i>entendre</i>, <i>\'82claircissement</i>, <i>embarras</i>, <i>\'82quivoque</i>, <i>foible</i>, <i>grimace</i>, <i>na\'8bvete</i>, <i>ridicule</i>. All these words, which she learns by heart to use occasionally, are now in common use."</note>

<i>I. Disraeli. </i>

<h1>Grimace</h1>
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<hw>Gri*mace"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make grimaces; to distort one's face; to make faces.</def>

<i>H. Martineau.</i>

<h1>Grimaced</h1>
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<hw>Gri*maced"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Distorted; crabbed.</def>

<h1>Grimalkin</h1>
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<hw>Gri*mal"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For graymalkin; <ets>gray + malkin</ets>.]</ety> <def>An old cat, esp. a she-cat.</def>

<i>J. Philips.  </i>

<h1>Grime</h1>
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<hw>Grime</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Dan. grim, griim, lampblack, soot, grime, Icel. <ets>gr<?/ma</ets> mask, sort of hood, OD. <ets>grijmsel</ets>, <ets>grimsel</ets>, soot, smut, and E. <ets>grimace</ets>.]</ety> <def>Foul matter; dirt, rubbed in; sullying blackness, deeply ingrained.</def>

<h1>Grime</h1>
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<hw>Grime</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sully or soil deeply; to dirt.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Grimily</h1>
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<hw>Grim"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a grimy manner.</def>

<h1>Griminess</h1>
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<hw>Grim"i*ness</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being grimy.</def>

<h1>Grimly</h1>
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<hw>Grim"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Grim; hideous; stern.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>In glided Margaret's <b>grimly</b> ghost,
And stood at William's feet.
<i>D. Mallet.  </i></blockquote>

<h1>Grimly</h1>
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<hw>Grim"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a grim manner; fiercely.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Grimme</h1>
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<hw>Grimme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. grimme.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A West African antelope (<spn>Cephalophus rufilotus</spn>) of a deep bay color, with a broad dorsal stripe of black; -- called also <altname>conquetoon</altname>.</def>

<h1>Grimness</h1>
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<hw>Grim"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. grimnes.]</ety> <def>Fierceness of look; sternness; crabbedness; forbiddingness.</def>

<h1>Grimsir</h1>
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<hw>Grim"sir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stern man.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Grimy</h1>
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<hw>Grim"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Grimier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; superl. Grimiest.]</wordforms> <def>Full of grime; begrimed; dirty; foul.</def>

<h1>Grin</h1>
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<hw>Grin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>grin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A snare; a gin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Like a bird that hasteth to his <b>grin</b>.
<i>Remedy of Love.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grin</h1>
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<hw>Grin</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grinned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. &  vb. n.</tt> <er>Grinning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>grinnen</ets>, <ets>grennen</ets>, AS. <ets>grennian</ets>, Sw. <ets>grina</ets>; akin to D. <ets>grijnen</ets>, G. <ets>greinen</ets>, OHG. <ets>grinan</ets>, Dan. <ets>grine</ets>. <?/35. Cf. <er>Groan</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To show the teeth, as a dog; to shsrl.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To set the teeth together and open the lips, or to open the mouth and withdraw the lips from the teeth, so as to show them, as in laughter, acorn, or pain.</def>

<blockquote>The pangs of death do make him <b>grin</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grin</h1>
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<hw>Grin</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To express by grinning.</def>

<blockquote><b>Grinned</b> horrible a ghastly smile.Milton.

<h1>Grin</h1>
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<hw>Grin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of closing the teeth and showing them, or of withdrawing the lips and showing the teeth; a hard, forced, or smeering smile.</def>

<i>I.Watts.</i>

<blockquote>He showed twenty teeth at a <b>grin</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grind</h1>
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<hw>Grind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ground</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Grinding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>grindan</ets>; perh. akin to L. <ets>frendere</ets> to gnash, grind. Cf. <er>Grist</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce to powder by friction, as in a mill, or with the teeth; to crush into small fragments; to produce as by the action of millstones.</def>

<blockquote>Take the millstones, and <b>grind</b> meal.
<i>Is. xivii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wear down, polish, or sharpen, by friction; to make smooth, sharp, or pointed; to whet, as a knife or drill; to rub against one another, as teeth, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To oppress by severe exactions; to harass.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>grind</b> the subject or defraud the prince.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To study hard for examination.</def> <mark>[College Slang]</mark>

<h1>Grind</h1>
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<hw>Grind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To perform the operation of grinding something; to turn the millstones.</def>

<blockquote>Send thee
Into the common prison, there to <b>grind</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To become ground or pulverized by friction; <as>as, this corn <ex>grinds</ex> well</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To become polished or sharpened by friction; <as>as, glass <ex>grinds</ex> smooth; steel <ex>grinds</ex> to a sharp edge.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To perform hard aud distasteful service; to drudge; to study hard, as for an examination. <i>Farrar.</i></def>

<h1>Grind</h1>
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<hw>Grind</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any severe continuous work or occupation; esp., hard and uninteresting study.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>T. Hughes.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A hard student; a dig.</def> <mark>[College Slang]</mark>

<h1>Grinded</h1>
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<hw>Grind"ed</hw>, <mark>obs.</mark> <tt>p. p.</tt> <mord>of <er>Grind</er><mord>. <def>Ground.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.  </i>

<h1>Grindelia</h1>
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<hw>Grin*de"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Named after D. H. <ets>Grindel</ets>, a Russian.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The dried stems and leaves of tarweed (<spn>Grindelia</spn>), used as a remedy in asthma and bronchitis.</def>

<h1>Grinder</h1>
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<hw>Grind"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, grinds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the double teeth, used to grind or masticate the food; a molar.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The restless flycatcher (<spn>Seisura inquieta</spn>)  of Australia; -- called also <altname>restless thrush</altname> and <altname>volatile thrush</altname>. It makes a noise like a scissors grinder, to which the name alludes.</def>

<cs><col>Grinder's asthma, phthisis, &or; rot</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a lung disease produced by the mechanical irritation of the particles of steel and stone given off in the operation of grinding.</cd></cs>

<h1>Grindery</h1>
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<hw>Grind"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Leather workers' materials.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>Grindery warehouse</col>, <cd>a shop where leather workers' materials and tools are kept on sale. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Grinding</h1>
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<hw>Grind"ing</hw>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>from Grind.</def>

<cs><col>Grinding frame</col>, <cd>an English name for a cotton spinning machine. -- <col>Grinding mill</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A mill for grinding grain.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A lapidary's lathe.</cd></cs>

<h1>Grindingly</h1>
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<hw>Grind"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a grinding manner.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Grindle</h1>
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<hw>Grin"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bowfin; -- called also <altname>Johnny Grindle</altname>.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Grindle stone</h1>
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<hw>Grin"dle stone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A grindstone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Grindlet</h1>
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<hw>Grind"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small drain.</def>

<h1>Grindstone</h1>
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<hw>Grind"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flat, circular stone, revolving on an axle, for grinding or sharpening tools, or shaping or smoothing objects.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To</col> <col>hold, pat, &or; bring</col> <col>one's nose to the grindstone</col></mcol>, <cd>to oppress one; to keep one in a condition of servitude.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>They might be ashamed, for lack of courage, to suffer the Laced\'91monians to <b>hold their noses to the grindstone</b>.
<i>Sir T. North.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grinner</h1>
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<hw>Grin"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who grins.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Grinningly</h1>
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<hw>Grin"ning*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a grinning manner.</def>

<h1>Grint</h1>
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<hw>Grint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>3d pers. sing. pres.</tt> of <er>Grind</er>, <ety>contr. from <ets>grindeth</ets></ety>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Grinte</h1>
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<hw>Grin"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Grin</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, 1.</def>

<blockquote>[He] <b>grinte</b> with his teeth, so was he wroth.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grinting</h1>
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<hw>Grint"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Grinding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Grip</h1>
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<hw>Grip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gryps</ets>, <ets>gryphus</ets>. See <er>Griffin</er>, <er>Grype</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The griffin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Grip</h1>
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<hw>Grip</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>grip</ets> furrow, hitch, D. <ets>greb</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small ditch or furrow.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Grip</h1>
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<hw>Grip</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To trench; to drain.</def>

<h1>Grip</h1>
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<hw>Grip</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gripe</ets>. Cf. <er>Grip</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Gripe</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An energetic or tenacious grasp; a holding fast; strength in grasping.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A peculiar mode of clasping the hand, by which members of a secret association recognize or greet, one another; <as>as, a masonic <ex>grip</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That by which anything is grasped; a handle or gripe; <as>as, the grip of a sword</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A device for grasping or holding fast to something.</def>

<h1>Grip</h1>
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<hw>Grip</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Grip</er> a grasp; or P. <ets>gripper</ets> to seize; -- of German origin. See <er>Gripe</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To give a grip to; to grasp; to gripe.</def>

<h1>Gripe</h1>
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<hw>Gripe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Grype</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A vulture; the griffin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Like a white hind under the <b>gripe's</b> sharp claws.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Gripe's egg</col>, <cd>an alchemist's vessel. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>E. Jonson. </i>

<h1>Gripe</h1>
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<hw>Gripe</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Griped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Griping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>gripan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>grijpen</ets>, G. <ets>greifen</ets>, OHG. <ets>gr<?/fan</ets>, Icel. <ets>gripa</ets>, Sw. <ets>gripe</ets>, Dan. <ets>gribe</ets>, Goth. <ets>greipan</ets>; cf. Lith. <ets>graibyti</ets>, Russ. <ets>grabite</ets> to plunder, Skr. <ets>grah</ets>, <ets>grabh</ets>, to seize. Cf. <er>Grip</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Grope</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To catch with the hand; to clasp closely with the fingers; to clutch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To seize and hold fast; to embrace closely.</def>

<blockquote>Wouldst thou <b>gripe</b> both gain and pleasure ?
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pinch; to distress. Specifically, to cause pinching and spasmodic pain to the bowels of, as by the effects of certain purgative or indigestible substances.</def>

<blockquote>How inly sorrow <b>gripes</b> his soul.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gripe</h1>
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<hw>Gripe</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To clutch, hold, or pinch a thing, esp. money, with a gripe or as with a gripe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To suffer griping pains.</def>

<i>Jocke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To tend to come up into the wind, as a ship which, when sailing closehauled, requires constant labor at the helm.</def>

<i>R. H. Dana, Jr.</i>

<-- 4. to complain -->

<h1>Gripe</h1>
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<hw>Gripe</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Grasp; seizure; fast hold; clutch.</def>

<blockquote>A barren scepter in my <b>gripe</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That on which the grasp is put; a handle; a grip; <as>as, the <ex>gripe</ex> of a sword</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A device for grasping or holding anything; a brake to stop a wheel.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Oppression; cruel exaction; affiction; pinching distress; <as>as, the gripe of poverty</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Pinching and spasmodic pain in the intestines; -- chiefly used in the plural.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The piece of timber which terminates the keel at the fore end; the forefoot.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The compass or sharpness of a ship's stern under the water, having a tendency to make her keep a good wind.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An assemblage of ropes, dead-eyes, and hocks, fastened to ringbolts in the deck, to secure the boats when hoisted; also, broad bands passed around a boat to secure it at the davits and prevent swinging.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Gripe penny</col>, <col>a</col></mcol><cd> miser; a niggard<-- ; a pinchpenny? -->.</cd></cs>

<i>D. L. Mackenzie. </i>

<h1>Gripeful</h1>
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<hw>Gripe"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disposed to gripe; extortionate.</def>

<h1>Griper</h1>
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<hw>Grip"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>One who gripes; an oppressor; an extortioner.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Gripingly</h1>
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<hw>Grip"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a griping or oppressive manner.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Griman</h1>
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<hw>Gri"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The man who manipulates a grip.</def>

<h1>Grippe</h1>
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<hw>Grippe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The influenza or epidemic catarrh.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Gripper</h1>
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<hw>Grip"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, grips or seizes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>In printing presses, the fingers or nippers.</def>

<h1>Gripple</h1>
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<hw>Grip"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A grasp; a gripe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Gripple</h1>
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<hw>Grip"ple</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Dim. fr. gripe.]</ety> <def>Griping; greedy; covetous; tenacious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Grippleness</h1>
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<hw>Grip"ple*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being gripple.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gripsack</h1>
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<hw>Grip"sack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A traveler's handbag.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Gris</h1>
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<hw>Gris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. & F., fr. LL. <ets>griseus</ets>; of German origin; cf. MHG. <ets>gris</ets>, G. <ets>greis</ets>, hoary. Cf. <er>Grizzle</er>.]</ety> <def>Gray.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gris</h1>
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<hw>Gris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF., fr. <ets>gris</ets> gray. Cf. G. <ets>grauwerk</ets>  (lit. gray work) the gray skin of the Siberian squirrel.  See <er>Gris</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A costly kind of fur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gris</h1>
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<hw>Gris</hw> <tt>(gr&icr;s)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Grice</er> a pig.]</ety> <def>A little pig.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Grisaille</h1>
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<hw>Gri"saille`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from gris gray.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Decorative painting in gray monochrome; -- used in English especially for painted glass.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of French fancy dress goods.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Grisamber</h1>
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<hw>Gris"am`ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ambergris</er>.]</ety> <def>Ambergris.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Grise</h1>
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<hw>Grise</hw> <tt>(gr&imac;s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Grice</er>, a pig.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Grise</h1>
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<hw>Grise</hw> <tt>(gr&imac;s &or; gr&emac;s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prop. pl. of <ets>gree</ets> a step.]</ety> <def>A step (in a flight of stairs); a degree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Every <b>grise</b> of fortune
Is smoothed by that below.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Griseous</h1>
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<hw>Gris"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>griseus</ets>. See <er>Gris</er>.]</ety> <def>Of a light color, or white, mottled with black or brown; grizzled or grizzly.</def>

<i>Maunder.</i>

<h1>Grisette</h1>
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<hw>Gri*sette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. grisette a gray woolen cloth, fr. <ets>gris</ets> gray. Grisettes were so called because they wore gray gowns made of this stuff.  See <er>Gars</er>.]</ety> <def>A French girl or young married woman of the lower class; more frequently, a young working woman who is fond of gallantry.</def>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Griskin</h1>
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<hw>Gris"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Grise a <ets>pig + -kin</ets>.]</ety> <def>The spine of a hog.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Grisled</h1>
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<hw>Gri"sled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Obs.]</ety> <def>See Grizzled.</def>

<h1>Grisliness</h1>
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<hw>Gris"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being grisly; horrid.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Grisly</h1>
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<hw>Gris"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE, <ets>grisly</ets>, <ets>grislich</ets>, AS. <ets>grislic</ets>, <ets>gryslic</ets>, fr. <ets>gr<?/san t</ets>o shudder; cf. OD. <ets>grijselick</ets> horrible, OHG. <ets>grisenl</ets>?<ets>ch</ets>, and also AS. <ets>gre</ets>?<ets>san</ets> to frighten, and E. <ets>gruesome</ets>.]</ety> <def>Frightful; horrible; dreadful; harsh; <as>as, <ex>grisly</ex> locks; a <ex>grisly</ex> specter.</as></def> "Grisly to behold."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>A man of <b>grisly</b> and stern gravity.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Grisly bear</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Grizzly</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Grison</h1>
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<hw>Gri"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>grison</ets> gray, gray-haired, <ets>gris</ets> gray. See <er>Gris</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A South American animal of the family Mustelidae (<spn>Galictis vittata</spn>). It is about two feet long, exclusive of the tail. Its under parts are black. Also called <altname>South American glutton</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> A South American monkey (<spn>Lagothrix infumatus</spn>), said to be gluttonous.</def>

<h1>Grisons</h1>
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<hw>Gri"sons</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Inhabitants of the eastern Swiss Alps</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <singf>sing.</singf> <def>The largest and most eastern of the Swiss cantons.</def>

<h1>Grist</h1>
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<hw>Grist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>grist</ets>, fr. <ets>grindan</ets>. See <er>Grind</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Ground corn; that which is ground at one time; as much grain as is carried to the mill at one time, or the meal it produces.</def>

<blockquote>Get grist to the mill to have plenty in store.
<i>Tusser. Q.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Supply; provision.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In rope making, a given size of rope, <i>common grist</i> being a rope three inches in circumference, with twenty yarns in each of the three strands.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<cs><col>All is grist that comes to his mill</col>, <cd>all that he has anything to do with is a source of profit.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To bring grist to the maill</col>, <cd>to bring profitable business into one's hands; to be a source of profit. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <i>Ayliffe</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gristle</h1>
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<hw>Gris"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gristel</ets>, <ets>gristil</ets>, AS. <ets>gristl</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>gristel</ets>, <ets>grestel</ets>. Perh. a dim. of <ets>grist</ets> but cf. OHG. <ets>krustila</ets>, <ets>krostela</ets>. Cf. <er>Grist</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Cartilage. See <er>Cartilage</er>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Gristly</h1>
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<hw>Gris"tly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Consisting of, or containing, gristle; like gristle; cartilaginous.</def>

<h1>Gristmill</h1>
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<hw>Grist"mill"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mill for grinding grain; especially, a mill for grinding grists, or portions of grain brought by different customers; a custom mill.</def>

<h1>Grit</h1>
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<hw>Grit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE, <ets>greet</ets>, <ets>greot</ets>, sand, gravel, AS. <ets>gre\'a2t</ets> grit, sant, dust; akin to OS <ets>griott</ets>, OFries. <ets>gret</ets> gravel, OHG. <ets>grioz</ets>, G. <ets>griess</ets>, Icel. <ets>grj\'d3t</ets>, and to E. <ets>groats</ets>, <ets>grout</ets>. See <er>Groats</er>, <er>Grout</er>, and cf. <er>Grail</er> gravel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sand or gravel; rough, hard particles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The coarse part of meal.</def>

<hr>
<page="652">
Page 652<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Grain, esp. oats or wheat, hulled and coarsely ground; in high milling, fragments of cracked wheat smaller than groats.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A hard, coarse-grained siliceous sandstone; <as>as, millstone <ex>grit</ex></as>; -- called also <altname>gritrock</altname> and <altname>gritstone.</altname>  The name is also applied to a finer sharp-grained sandstone; <as>as, grindstone <ex>grit</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Structure, as adapted to grind or sharpen; <as>as, a hone of good <ex>grit</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Firmness of mind; invincible spirit; unyielding courage; fortitude.</def>

<i>C. Reade. E. P. Whipple.  </i>

<h1>Grit</h1>
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<hw>Grit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To give forth a grating sound, as sand under the feet; to grate; to grind.</def>

<blockquote>The sanded floor that <b>grits</b> beneath the tread.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grit</h1>
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<hw>Grit</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gritted</er>; <tt>p. pr. &, vb. n.</tt> <er>Gritting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To grind; to rub harshly together; to grate; <as>as, to grit the teeth</as>.</def> <mark>[Collog.]</mark>

<h1>Grith</h1>
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<hw>Grith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gri\'eb</ets> peace; akin to Icel. <ets>grid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Peace; security; agreement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Gritrock, Gritstone</h1>
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<hw><hw>Grit"rock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Grit"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Grit</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<h1>Grittiness</h1>
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<hw>Grit"ti*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being gritty.</def>

<h1>Gritty</h1>
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<hw>Grit"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit; caused by grit; full of hard particles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Spirited; resolute; unyielding.</def> <mark>[Colloq., U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Grivet</h1>
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<hw>Griv"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>grivet</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A monkey of the upper Nile and Abyssinia (<spn>Cercopithecus griseoviridis</spn>), having the upper parts dull green, the lower parts white, the hands, ears, and face black. It was known to the ancient Egyptians. Called also <altname>tota</altname>.</def>

<h1>Grize</h1>
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<hw>Grize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>2d Grise</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Grizelin</h1>
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<hw>Griz"e*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Gridelin</er>.</def>

<h1>Grizzle</h1>
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<hw>Griz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gris</ets>: cf. <ets>grisaille</ets> hair partly gray, fr. <ets>gris</ets> gray. See <er>Gris</er>, and cf. <er>Grisaille</er>.]</ety> <def>Gray; a gray color; a mixture of white and black.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Grizzled</h1>
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<hw>Griz"zled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gray; grayish; sprinkled or mixed with gray; of a mixed white and black.</def>

<blockquote><b>Grizzled</b> hair flowing in elf locks.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grlzzly</h1>
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<hw>Grlz"zly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat gray; grizzled.</def>

<blockquote>Old squirrels that turn <b>grizzly</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Grizzly bear</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large and ferocious bear  (<spn>Ursus horribilis</spn>) of Western North America and the Rocky Mountains. It is remarkable for the great length of its claws.</cd></cs>

<h1>Grizzly</h1>
<Xpage=652>

<hw>Griz"zly</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Grizzlies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A grizzly bear. See under <er>Grizzly</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>In hydraulic mining, gratings used to catch and throw out large stones from the sluices.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Groan</h1>
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<hw>Groan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Groaned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Groaning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gronen</ets>, <ets>granen</ets>, <ets>granien</ets>, AS. <ets>gr<?/nian</ets>, fr.  the root of grennian to grin. \'fb35. See <er>2d Grin</er>, and cf. <er>Grunt</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give forth a low, moaning sound in breathing; to utter a groan, as in pain, in sorrow, or in derision; to moan.</def>

<blockquote>For we . . . do <b>groan</b>, being burdened.
<i>2 Cor. v. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He heard the <b>groaning</b> of the oak.
<i>Sir W. Scott. </i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strive after earnestly, as with groans.</def>

<blockquote>Nothing but holy, pure, and clear,
Or that which groaneth to be so.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Groan</h1>
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<hw>Groan</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To affect by groans.</def>

<h1>Groan</h1>
<Xpage=652>

<hw>Groan</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A low, moaning sound; usually, a deep, mournful sound uttered in pain or great distress; sometimes, an expression of strong disapprobation; <as>as, the remark was received with <ex>groans</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Such <b>groans</b> of roaring wind and rain.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The wretched animal heaved forth such <b>groans</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Groanful</h1>
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<hw>Groan"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Agonizing; sad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Groat</h1>
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<hw>Groat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LG. <ets>gr\'d3te</ets>, orig., great, that is, a great piece of coin, larger than other coins in former use. See <er>Great</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An old English silver coin, equal to four pence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any small sum of money.</def>

<h1>Groats</h1>
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<hw>Groats</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>grot</ets>, AS. <ets>gr\'betan</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>grautr</ets> porridge, and to E. <ets>gritt</ets>, <ets>grout</ets>. See <er>Grout</er>.]</ety> <def>Dried grain, as oats or wheat, hulled and broken or crushed; in high milling, cracked fragments of wheat larger than grits.</def>

<cs><col>Embden groats</col>, <cd>crushed oats.</cd></cs>

<h1>Grocer</h1>
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<hw>Gro"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formerly written grosser, orig., one who sells by the <ets>gross</ets>, or deals by wholesale, fr. F. <ets>grossier</ets>, marchand grossier, fr. <ets>gros</ets> large, great. See <er>Gross</er>.]</ety> <def>A trader who deals in tea, sugar, spices, coffee, fruits, and various other commodities.</def>

<cs><col>Grocer's itch</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a disease of the akin, caused by handling sugar and treacle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Grocery</h1>
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<hw>Gro"cer*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Groceries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>grosserie</ets> wholesale. See <er>Grocer</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The commodities sold by grocers, as tea, coffee, spices, etc.; -- in the United States almost always in the plural form, in this sense.</def>

<blockquote>A deal box . . . to carry <b>groceries</b> in.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The shops at which the best families of the neighborhood bought <b>grocery</b> and millinery.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A retail grocer's shop or store. <mark>[U.s.]</mark>;</def>

<h1>Grog</h1>
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<hw>Grog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So named fronm "Old <ets>Grog</ets>" a nickmname given to Admiral Vernon, in allusion to his wearing a <ets>grogram</ets> cloak in foul weather. He is said to have been the first to dilute the rum of the sailors (about 1745).]</ety> <def>A mixture of spirit and water not sweetened; hence, any intoxicating liquor.</def>

<cs><col>Grog blossom</col>, <cd>a redness on the nose or face of persons who drink ardent spirits to excess. <mark>[Collog.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Groggery</h1>
<Xpage=652>

<hw>Grog"ger*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Groggeries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. A grogshop</plu>. <mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Grogginess</h1>
<Xpage=652>

<hw>Grog"gi*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>State of being groggy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>Tenderness or stiffness in the foot of a horse, which causes him to move in a hobbling manner.</def>

<h1>Groggy</h1>
<Xpage=652>

<hw>Grog"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Overcome with grog; tipsy; unsteady on the legs.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Weakened in a fight so as to stagger; -- said of pugilists.</def> <mark>[Cant or Slang]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>Moving in a hobbling manner, owing to ten der feet; -- said of a horse.</def>

<i>Youatt.</i>

<h1>Grogram, Grogran</h1>
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<hw><hw>Grog"ram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Grog"ran</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>gros-grain</ets>, lit., gros-grain, of a coarse texture. See <er>Gross</er>, and <er>Grain</er> a kernel, and cf. <er>Grog</er>.]</ety> <def>A coarse stuff made of silk and mohair, or of coarse silk.</def>

<h1>Grogshop</h1>
<Xpage=652>

<hw>Grog"shop`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shop or room where strong liquors are sold and drunk; a dramshop.</def>

<h1>Groin</h1>
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<hw>Groin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>groin</ets>, fr. <ets>grogner</ets> to grunt, L.  <ets>grunnire</ets>.]</ety> <def>The snout of a swine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Groin</h1>
<Xpage=652>

<hw>Groin</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>grogner</ets> to grunt, grumble.]</ety> <def>To grunt to growl; to snarl; to murmur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Bears that <b>groined</b> coatinually.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Groin</h1>
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<hw>Groin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>grein</ets> distinction, division, branch; akin to Sw. <ets>gren</ets>, branch, space between the legs, Icel.  <ets>greina</ets> to distinguish, divide, Sw. <ets>grena</ets> to branch, straddle. Cf. <er>Grain</er> a branch.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The line between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh, or the region of this line; the inguen.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The projecting solid angle formed by the meeting of two vaults, growing more obtuse as it approaches the summit.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The surface formed by two such vaults.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A frame of woodwork across a beach to accumulate and retain shingle.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Groin</h1>
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<hw>Groin</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Groined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr.  & vb. n.</tt> <er>Groining</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>To fashion into groins; to build with groins.</def>

<blockquote>The hand that rounded Peter's dome,
And <b>groined</b> the aisles of Christian Rome,
Wrought in a sad sincerity.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Groined</h1>
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<hw>Groined</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Built with groins; <as>as, a <ex>groined</ex> ceiling; a <ex>groined</ex> vault</as>.</def>

<-- Illustr. of Groined Arch.  -->

<h1>Gromet</h1>
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<hw>Grom"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Grommet</er>.</def>

<h1>Gromill</h1>
<Xpage=652>

<hw>Grom"ill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gromwell</er>.</def>

<h1>Grommet</h1>
<Xpage=652>

<hw>Grom"met</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gourmette</ets> curb, curb chain, fr. <ets>gourmer</ets> to curb, thump, beat; cf.  Armor. <ets>gromm</ets> a curb, <ets>gromma</ets> to curb.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A ring formed by twisting on itself a single strand of an unlaid rope; also, a metallic eyelet in or for a sail or a mailbag. Sometimes written <asp>grummet</asp>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A ring of rope used as a wad to hold a cannon ball in place.</def>

<h1>Gromwell</h1>
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<hw>Grom"well</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Called also <ets>gromel</ets>, <ets>grommel</ets>, <ets>graymill</ets>, and <ets>gray</ets> millet, all prob. fr. F. <ets>gr</ets>?<ets>mil</ets>, cf. W.  <ets>cromandi</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Lithospermum</spn> (<spn>L. arvense</spn>), anciently used, because of its stony pericarp, in the cure of gravel. The <stype>German gromwell</stype> is the <stype>Stellera</stype>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gromill</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Grond</h1>
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<hw>Grond</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def>obs. <tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Grind</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gronte</h1>
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<hw>Gron"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def>obs. <tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Groan</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer</i>.

<h1>Groom</h1>
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<hw>Groom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Scot. <ets>grome</ets>, <ets>groyme</ets>, <ets>grume</ets>, <ets>gome</ets>, <ets>guym</ets>, man, lover, OD. <ets>grom</ets> boy, youth; perh. the <ets>r</ets> is an insertion as in <ets>E</ets>. <ets>bridegroom</ets>, and the word is the same as AS. guma man. See <er>Bridegroom</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A boy or young man; a waiter; a servant; especially, a man or boy who has charge of horses, or the stable.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of several officers of the English royal household, chiefly in the lord chamberlain's department; <as>as, the <ex>groom</ex> of the chamber; the <ex>groom</ex> of the stole.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A man recently married, or about to be married; a bridegroom.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<cs><col>Groom porter</col>, <cd>formerly an officer in the English royal household, who attended to the furnishing of the king's lodgings and had certain privileges.</cd></cs>

<h1>Groom</h1>
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<hw>Groom</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Groomed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr.  & vb. n.</tt> <er>Grooming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To tend or care for, or to curry or clean, as a, horse.</def>

<h1>Groomer</h1>
<Xpage=652>

<hw>Groom"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, grooms horses; especially, a brush rotated by a flexible or jointed revolving shaft, for cleaning horses.</def>

<h1>Groomsman</h1>
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<hw>Grooms"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Groomsmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A male attendant of a bridegroom at his wedding; -- the correlative of bridesmaid<-- = best man -->.</def>

<h1>Grooper</h1>
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<hw>Groop"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Grouper</er>.</def>

<h1>Groove</h1>
<Xpage=652>

<hw>Groove</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>groef</ets>, <ets>groeve</ets>; akin to E.  <ets>grove</ets>. See <er>Grove</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A furrow, channel, or long hollow, such as may be formed by cutting, molding, grinding, the wearing force of flowing water, or constant travel; a depressed way; a worn path; a rut.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: The habitual course of life, work, or affairs; fixed routine.</def>

<blockquote>The gregarious trifling of life in the social <b>groove</b>.
<i>J. Morley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[See <er>Grove</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A shaft or excavation.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Groove</h1>
<Xpage=652>

<hw>Groove</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grooved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Groving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cut a groove or channel in; to form into channels or grooves; to furrow.</def>

<h1>Groover</h1>
<Xpage=652>

<hw>Groov"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who or that which grooves.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A miner.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Holloway.</i>

<h1>Grooving</h1>
<Xpage=652>

<hw>Groov"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of forming a groove or grooves; a groove, or collection of grooves.</def>

<-- Groovy [colloq] = marvelous, wonderful, excellent; hip -->

<h1>Grope</h1>
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<hw>Grope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Groped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Groping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gropen</ets>, <ets>gropien</ets>, <ets>grapien</ets>, AS. <ets>gr<?/pian</ets> to touch, grope, fr. <ets>gr<?/pan</ets> to gripe.  See <er>Gripe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To feel with or use the hands; to handle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To search or attempt to find something in the dark, or, as a blind person, by feeling; to move about hesitatingly, as in darkness or obscurity; to feel one's way, as with the hands, when one can not see.</def>

<blockquote>We <b>grope</b> for the wall like the blind.
<i>Is. lix. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>grope</b> a little longer among the miseries and sensualities ot a worldly life.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grope</h1>
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<hw>Grope</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To search out by feeling in the dark; <as>as, we groped our way at midnight</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To examine; to test; to sound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Felix <b>gropeth</b> him, thinking to have a bribe.
<i>Genevan Test. (Acts xxiv. ).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Groper</h1>
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<hw>Grop"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gropes; one who feels his way in the dark, or searches by feeling.</def>

<h1>Groping-ly</h1>
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<hw>Grop"ing-ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a groping manner.</def>

<h1>Gros</h1>
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<hw>Gros</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Gross</er>.]</ety> <def>A heavy silk with a dull finish; <as>as, <ex>gros</ex> de Naples; <ex>gros</ex> de Tours.</as></def>

<h1>Grosbeak</h1>
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<hw>Gros"beak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gross</ets> + beak: cf. F.  <ets>gros-bec</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of various species of finches having a large, stout beak. The common European grosbeak or hawfinch is <i>Coccothraustes vulgaris</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; Among the best known American species are the rose-breasted (<spn>Habia Ludoviciana</spn>); the blue (<spn>Guiraca c\'d2rulea</spn>); the pine (<spn>Pinicola enucleator</spn>); and the evening grosbeak. See <er>Hawfinch</er>, and <cref>Cardinal grosbeak</cref>, <cref>Evening grosbeak</cref>, under <er>Cardinal</er> and <er>Evening</er>.</note> <altsp>[Written also <asp>grossbeak</asp>.]</altsp>

<-- illustr. Rose-breasted Grosbeak, (<spn>Habia Ludoviciana</spn>).  -->

<h1>Groschen</h1>
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<hw>Grosch"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <def>A small silver coin and money of account of Germany, worth about two cents. It is not included in the new monetary system of the empire.</def>

<h1>Grosgrain</h1>
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<hw>Gros"grain`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. Cf. <er>Grogram</er>.]</ety> <def>Of a coarse texture; -- applied to silk with a heavy thread running crosswise.</def>

<h1>Gross</h1>
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<hw>Gross</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Grosser</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Grossest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>gros</ets>, L. <ets>grossus</ets>, perh. fr. L. <ets>crassus</ets> thick, dense, fat, E. <ets>crass</ets>, cf. Skr. <ets>grathita</ets> tied together, wound up, hardened. Cf. <er>Engross</er>, <er>Grocer</er>, <er>Grogram</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Great; large; bulky; fat; of huge size; excessively large.</def> "A <i>gross</i> fat man."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>gross</b> body of horse under the Duke.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Coarse; rough; not fine or delicate.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not easily aroused or excited; not sensitive in perception or feeling; dull; witless.</def>

<blockquote>Tell her of things that no <b>gross</b> ear can hear.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Expressing, Or originating in, animal or sensual appetites; hence, coarse, vulgar, low, obscene, or impure.</def>

<blockquote>The terms which are delicate in one age become <b>gross</b> in the next.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Thick; dense; not attenuated; <as>as, a gross medium</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Great; palpable; serious; vagrant; shameful; <as>as, a <ex>gross</ex> mistake; <ex>gross</ex> injustice; <ex>gross</ex> negligence.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Whole; entire; total; without deduction; <as>as, the <ex>gross</ex> sum, or <ex>gross</ex> amount, the <ex>gross</ex> weight</as>; -- opposed to <contr>net.</contr></def>

<cs><col>Gross adventure</col> <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>the loan of money upon bottomry, <it>i. e.</it>, on a mortgage of a ship.</cd> -- <col>Gross average</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>that kind of average which falls upon the gross or entire amount of ship, cargo, and freight; -- commonly called <altname>general average</altname>.</cd> <i>Bouvier</i>. <i>Burrill</i>. -- <col>Gross receipts</col>, <cd>the total of the receipts, before they are diminished by any deduction, as for expenses; -- distinguished from <i>net profits</i>.</cd> <i>Abbott</i>. -- <col>Gross weight</col> <cd>the total weight of merchandise or goods, without deduction for tare, tret, or waste; -- distinguished from <i>neat<i>, or <i>net<i>, <i>weight<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gross</h1>
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<hw>Gross</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gros</ets> (in sense 1), <ets>grosse</ets> (in sense 2)  See <er>Gross</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The main body; the chief part, bulk, or mass.</def> "The gross of the enemy."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>For the <b>gross</b> of the people, they are considered as a mere herd of cattle.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <tt>sing. & pl.</tt> <def>The number of twelve dozen; twelve times twelve; <as>as, a <ex>gross</ex> of bottles; ten <ex>gross</ex> of pens.</as></def>

<cs><col>Advowson in gross</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an advowson belonging to a person, and not to a manor.</cd> -- <col>A great gross</col>, <cd>twelve gross; one hundred and forty-four dozen.</cd> -- <col>By the gross</col>, <cd>by the quantity; at wholesale.</cd> -- <col>Common in gross</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Common</er>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <mcol><col>In the gross</col>, <col>In gross</col></mcol>, <cd>in the bulk, or the undivided whole; all parts taken together.</cd></cs>

<h1>Grossbeak</h1>
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<hw>Gross"beak`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Grosbeak</er>.</def>

<h1>Gross-headed</h1>
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<hw>Gross"-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Thick-skulled; stupid.</def>

<h1>Grossification</h1>
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<hw>Gross`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gross</ets> + L.  <ets>ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of making gross or thick, or the state of becoming so.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The swelling of the ovary of plants after fertilization. Henslow.</def>

<h1>Grossly</h1>
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<hw>Gross"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a gross manner; greatly; coarsely; without delicacy; shamefully; disgracefully.</def>

<h1>Grossness</h1>
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<hw>Gross"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being gross; thickness; corpulence; coarseness; shamefulness.</def>

<blockquote>Abhor the swinish <b>grossness</b> that delights to wound the' ear of delicacy.
<i>Dr. T. Dwight. </i></blockquote>

<h1>Grossular</h1>
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<hw>Gros"su*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>grossularius</ets>, from <ets>Grossularia</ets> a subgenus of <ets>Ribes</ets>, including the gooseberry, fr. F. <ets>groseille</ets>. See <er>Gooseberry</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining too, or resembling, a gooseberry; <as>as, <ex>grossular</ex> garnet</as>.</def>

<h1>Grossular</h1>
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<hw>Gros"su*lar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Grossular</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A translucent garnet of a pale green color like that of the gooseberry; -- called also <altname>grossularite</altname>.</def>

<h1>Grossularia</h1>
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<hw>Gros`su*la"ria</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Grossular</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Grossular</er>.</def>

<h1>Grossulin</h1>
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<hw>Gros"su*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Grossular</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A vegetable jelly, resembling pectin, found in gooseberries (<spn>Ribes Grossularia</spn>) and other fruits.</def>

<hr>
<page="653">
Page 653<p>

<h1>Grot</h1>
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<hw>Grot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>grotte</ets>, It. <ets>grotta</ets>. See <er>Grotto</er>.]</ety> <def>A grotto.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<mhw><h1>Grot, Grote</h1>
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<hw>Grot</hw>, <hw>Grote</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A groat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Grotesgue</h1>
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<hw>Gro*tesgue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>grottesco</ets>, fr. <ets>grotta</ets> grotto. See <er>Grotto</er>.]</ety> <def>Like the figures found in ancient grottoes; grottolike; wildly or strangely formed; whimsical; extravagant; of irregular forms and proportions; fantastic; ludicrous; antic.</def> "<i>Grotesque</i> design." <i>Dryden</i>. "<i>Grotesque</i> incidents." <i>Macaulay</i>.

<h1>Grotesque</h1>
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<hw>Gro*tesque</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A whimsical figure, or scene, such as is found in old crypts and grottoes.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Artificial grotto-work.</def>

<h1>Grotesquely</h1>
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<hw>Gro*tesque"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a grotesque manner.</def>

<h1>Grotesqueness</h1>
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<hw>Gro*tesque"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being grotesque.</def>

<h1>Grotto</h1>
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<hw>Grot"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Grottoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Formerly <ets>grotta</ets>, fr. It. <ets>grotta</ets>, LL. <ets>grupta</ets>, fr. L. <ets>crypta</ets> a con cealed subterranran passage vault, cavern, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ concealed, fr. <?/ to conceal. Cf. <er>Grot</er>, <er>Crypt</er>.]</ety> <def>A natural covered opening in the earth; a cave; also, an artificial recess, cave, or cavernlike apartment.</def>

<h1>Grotto-work</h1>
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<hw>Grot"to-work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Artificial and ornamental rockwork in imitation of a grotto.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Ground</h1>
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<hw>Ground</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ground</ets>, <ets>grund</ets>, AS. <ets>grund</ets>; akin to D. <ets>grond</ets>, OS., G., Sw., & Dan. <ets>grund</ets>, Icel. <ets>grunnr</ets> bottom, Goth. <ets>grundus</ets> (in composition); perh. orig. meaning, dust, gravel, and if so perh. akin to E. <ets>grind</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The surface of the earth; the outer crust of the globe, or some indefinite portion of it.</def>

<blockquote>There was not a man to till the <b>ground</b>.
<i>Gen. ii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The fire ran along upon the <b>ground</b>.
<i>Ex. ix. 23. </i></blockquote>

Hence: <def>A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the earth</def>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any definite portion of the earth's surface; region; territory; country. Hence: A territory appropriated to, or resorted to, for a particular purpose; the field or place of action; <as>as, a hunting or fishing <ex>ground</ex>; a play <ex>ground</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>From . . . old Euphrates, to the brook that parts Egypt from Syrian <b>ground</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Land; estate; possession; field; esp. (<pluf>pl.</pluf>), the gardens, lawns, fields, etc., belonging to a homestead; <as>as, the <ex>grounds</ex> of the estate are well kept</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thy next design is on thy neighbor's <b>grounds</b>.
<i>Dryden. 4. </i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The basis on which anything rests; foundation. Hence: The foundation of knowledge, belief, or conviction; a premise, reason, or datum; ultimate or first principle; cause of existence or occurrence; originating force or agency; <as>as, the <ex>ground</ex> of my hope</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Paint. & Decorative Art)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That surface upon which the figures of a composition are set, and which relieves them by its plainness, being either of one tint or of tints but slightly contrasted with one another; <as>as, crimson Bowers on a white <ex>ground</ex></as></def>. See <er>Background</er>, <er>Foreground</er>, and <er>Middle-ground</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In sculpture, a flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>In point lace, the net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied; <as>as, Brussels <ex>ground</ex></as>. See <cref>Brussels lace</cref>, under <er>Brussels</er>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Etching)</fld> <def>A gummy composition spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which moldings, etc., are attached; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<note>&hand; Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them.</note>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song.</def>

<i>Moore (Encyc.).</i>

<blockquote>On that <b>ground</b> I'll build a holy descant.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A conducting connection with the earth, whereby the earth is made part of an electrical circuit.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Sediment at the bottom of liquors or liquids; dregs; lees; feces; <as>as, coffee grounds</as>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>The pit of a theater.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson. </i>

<cs><col>Ground angling</col>, <cd>angling with a weighted line without a float.</cd> -- <col>Ground annual</col> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>, <cd>an estate created in land by a vassal who instead of selling his land outright reserves an annual ground rent, which becomes a perpetual charge upon the land.</cd> -- <col>Ground ash</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Groutweed</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ground bailiff</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a superintendent of mines. <i>Simmonds</i>.</cd>  -- <col>Ground bait</col>, <cd>bits of bread, boiled barley or worms, etc., thrown into the water to collect the fish, <i>Wallon</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Ground bass</col> &or; <col>base</col></mcol> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>fundamental base; a fundamental base continually repeated to a varied melody.</cd> --  <col>Ground beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of numerous species of carnivorous beetles of the family <spn>Carabid\'91</spn>, living mostly in burrows or under stones, etc.</cd> -- <col>Ground chamber</col>, <cd>a room on the ground floor.</cd> --  <col>Ground cherry</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A genus  (<spn>Physalis</spn>) of herbaceous plants having an inflated calyx for a seed pod: esp., the strawberry tomato  (<spn>P. Alkekengi</spn>). See <er>Alkekengl</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A European shrub (<spn>Prunus Cham\'91cerasus</spn>), with small, very acid fruit.</cd> -- <col>Ground cuckoo</col>.  <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Chaparral cock</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ground cypress</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Lavender cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ground dove</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several small American pigeons of the genus <spn>Columbigallina</spn>, esp. <spn>C. passerina</spn> of the Southern United States, Mexico, etc. They live chiefly on the ground.</cd> -- <col>Ground fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any fish which constantly lives on the botton of the sea, as the sole, turbot, halibut.</cd> -- <col>Ground floor</col>, <cd>the floor of a house most nearly on a level with the ground; -- called also in America, but not in England, the <altname>first floor</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Ground form</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>the stem or basis of a word, to which the other parts are added in declension or conjugation. It is sometimes, but not always, the same as the root.<-- = lemma --></cd> -- <col>Ground furze</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a low slightly thorny, leguminous shrub (<spn>Ononis arvensis</spn>) of Europe and Central Asia,; -- called also <altname>rest-harrow</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Ground game</col>, <cd>hares, rabbits, etc., as distinguished from winged game.</cd> -- <col>Ground hele</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a perennial herb (<spn>Veronica officinalis</spn>) with small blue flowers, common in Europe and America, formerly thought to have curative properties.</cd> -- <col>Ground of the heavens</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the surface of any part of the celestial sphere upon which the stars may be regarded as projected.</cd> -- <col>Ground hemlock</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the yew (<spn>Taxus baccata</spn> var. <spn>Canadensisi</spn>) of eastern North America, distinguished from that of Europe by its low, straggling stems.</cd> -- <col>Ground hog</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The woodchuck or American marmot (<spn>Arctomys monax</spn>). See <er>Woodchuck</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The aardvark.</cd> -- <col>Ground hold</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>ground tackle.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Spenser</i>. -- <col>Ground ice</col>, <cd>ice formed at the bottom of a body of water before it forms on the surface.</cd> -- <col>Ground ivy</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A trailing plant; alehoof. See <er>Gill</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ground joist</col>, <cd>a joist for a basement or ground floor; a. sleeper.</cd> -- <col>Ground lark</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European pipit. See <er>Pipit</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ground laurel</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Trailing arbutus</er>, under <er>Arbutus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ground line</col> <fld>(Descriptive Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the line of intersection of the horizontal and vertical planes of projection.</cd> -- <col>Ground liverwort</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a flowerless plant with a broad flat forking thallus and the fruit raised on peduncled and radiated receptacles (<spn>Marchantia polymorpha</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Ground mail</col>, <cd>in Scotland, the fee paid for interment in a churchyard.</cd> -- <col>Ground mass</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the fine-grained or glassy base of a rock, in which distinct crystals of its constituents are embedded.</cd> -- <col>Ground parrakeet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several Australian parrakeets, of the genera <spn>Callipsittacus</spn> and <spn>Geopsittacus</spn>, which live mainly upon the ground.</cd> -- <col>Ground pearl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an insect of the family <spn>Coccid\'91</spn> (<spn>Margarodes formicarum</spn>), found in ants' nests in the Bahamas, and having a shelly covering. They are strung like beads, and made into necklaces by the natives.</cd> -- <col>Ground pig</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, burrowing, African rodent (<spn>Aulacodus Swinderianus</spn>) about two feet long, allied to the porcupines but with harsh, bristly hair, and no spines; -- called also <altname>ground rat</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Ground pigeon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of numerous species of pigeons which live largely upon the ground, as the tooth-billed pigeon (<spn>Didunculus strigirostris</spn>), of the Samoan Islands, and the crowned pigeon, or goura. See <er>Goura</er>, and <er>Ground dove</er> (<it>above</it>).</cd> -- <col>Ground pine</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A blue-flowered herb of the genus <spn>Ajuga</spn> (<spn>A. Cham\'91pitys</spn>), formerly included in the genus <spn>Teucrium</spn> or germander, and named from its resinous smell. <i>Sir L. Hill</i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A long, creeping, evergreen plant of the genus <spn>Lycopodium</spn> (<spn>L. clavatum</spn>); -- called also <altname>club moss</altname>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A tree-shaped evergreen plant about eight inches in height, of the same genus (<spn>L. dendroideum</spn>) found in moist, dark woods in the northern part of the United States. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Ground plan</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a plan of the ground floor of any building, or of any floor, as distinguished from an elevation or perpendicular section.</cd> -- <col>Ground plane</col>, <cd>the horizontal plane of projection in perspective drawing.</cd> -- <col>Ground plate</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>One of the chief pieces of framing of a building; a timber laid horizontally on or near the ground to support the uprights; a ground sill or groundsel.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Railroads)</fld> <cd>A bed plate for sleepers or ties; a mudsill.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Teleg.)</fld> <cd>A metallic plate buried in the earth to conduct the electric current thereto. Connection to the pipes of a gas or water main is usual in cities. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Ground plot</col>, <cd>the ground upon which any structure is erected; hence, any basis or foundation; also, a ground plan.</cd> -- <col>Ground plum</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leguminous plant (<spn>Astragalus caryocarpus</spn>) occurring from the Saskatchewan to Texas, and having a succulent plum-shaped pod.</cd> -- <col>Ground rat</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Ground pig</er> (<it>above</it>).</cd> -- <col>Ground rent</col>, <cd>rent paid for the privilege of building on another man's land.</cd> -- <col>Ground robin</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Chewink</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ground room</col>, <cd>a room on the ground floor; a lower room. <i>Tatler</i>.</cd> -- <col>Ground sea</col>, <cd>the West Indian name for a swell of the ocean, which occurs in calm weather and without obvious cause, breaking on the shore in heavy roaring billows; -- called also <altname>rollers</altname>, and in Jamaica, <altname>the North sea</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Ground sill</col>. <cd>See <er>Ground plate</er> (<it>a</it>) (<it>above</it>).</cd> -- <col>Ground snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small burrowing American snake (<spn>Celuta am\'d2na</spn>). It is salmon colored, and has a blunt tail.</cd> -- <col>Ground squirrel</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>One of numerous species of burrowing rodents of the genera <spn>Tamias</spn> and <spn>Spermophilus</spn>, having cheek pouches. The former genus includes the Eastern striped squirrel or chipmunk and some allied Western species; the latter includes the prairie squirrel or striped gopher, the gray gopher, and many allied Western species. See <er>Chipmunk</er>, and <er>Gopher</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Any species of the African genus <spn>Xerus</spn>, allied to <spn>Tamias</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Ground story</col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Ground floor</cref> (<it>above</it>).</cd> -- <col>Ground substance</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the intercellular substance, or matrix, of tissues.</cd> -- <col>Ground swell</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>The plant groundsel. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Holland</i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A broad, deep swell or undulation of the ocean, caused by a long continued gale, and felt even at a remote distance after the gale has ceased.</cd> -- <col>Ground table</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See Earth table, under Earth.</cd> -- <col>Ground tackle</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the tackle necessary to secure a vessel at anchor. <i>Totten</i>.</cd> -- <col>Ground thrush</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of numerous species of bright-colored Oriental birds of the family <spn>Pittid\'91</spn>. See <er>Pitta</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ground tier</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The lowest tier of water casks in a vessel's hold. <i>Totten</i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The lowest line of articles of any kind stowed in a vessel's hold.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The lowest range of boxes in a theater.</cd> -- <col>Ground timbers</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <cd>the timbers which lie on the keel and are bolted to the keelson; floor timbers. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Ground tit</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Ground wren</er> (<it>below</it>).</cd> -- <col>Ground wheel</col>, <cd>that wheel of a harvester, mowing machine, etc., which, rolling on the ground, drives the mechanism.</cd> -- <col>Ground wren</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small California bird (<spn>Cham\'91a fasciata</spn>) allied to the wrens and titmice. It inhibits the arid plains. Called also <altname>gronnd tit</altname>, and <i>wren lit</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To bite the ground</col>, <col>To break ground</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Bite</er>, <er>Break</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To come to the ground</col>, <col>To fall to the ground</col></mcol>, <cd>to come to nothing; to fail; to miscarry.</cd> -- <col>To gain ground</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To advance; to proceed forward in confict; as, an army in battle <ex>gains ground</ex>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To obtain an advantage; to have some success; as, the army <i>gains ground<i> on the enemy.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To gain credit; to become more prosperous or influential.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To get</col>, &or; <col>To gather</col>, <col>ground</col></mcol>, <cd>to gain ground. <mark>[R.]</mark> "Evening mist . . . <i>gathers ground<i> fast." <i>Milton</i>.</cd>

<blockquote>There is no way for duty to prevail, and <b>get ground</b> of them, but by bidding higher.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To give ground</col>, <cd>to recede; to yield advantage.</cd>

<blockquote>These nine . . . began <b>to give</b> me <b>ground</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

--<col>To lose ground</col>, <cd>to retire; to retreat; to withdraw from the position taken; hence, to lose advantage; to lose credit or reputation; to decline.</cd> -- <col>To stand one's ground</col>, <cd>to stand firm; to resist attack or encroachment. <i>Atterbury</i>.</cd>  -- <col>To take the ground</col> <cd>to touch bottom or become stranded; -- said of a ship.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ground</h1>
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<hw>Ground</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grounded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Grounding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay, set, or run, on the ground.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly.</def>

<blockquote>Being rooted and <b>grounded</b> in love.
<i>Eph. iii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God, would, on the contrary, <b>ground</b> even an argument to his negation.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton </i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To instruct in elements or first principles.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>To connect with the ground so as to make the earth a part of an electrical circuit.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching (see <er>Ground</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5); or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament.</def>

<h1>Ground</h1>
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<hw>Ground</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed; <as>as, the ship grounded on the bar</as>.</def>

<h1>Ground</h1>
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<hw>Ground</hw>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Grind</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Ground cock</col>, <cd>a cock, the plug of which is ground into its seat, as distinguished from a compression cock.</cd> <i>Knight</i>. -- <col>Ground glass</col>, <cd>glass the transparency of which has been destroyed by having its surface roughened by grinding.</cd> -- <col>Ground joint</col></mcol>, <cd>a close joint made by grinding together two pieces, as of metal with emery and oil, or of glass with fine sand and water.</cd></cs>

<h1>Groundage</h1>
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<hw>Ground"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A local tax paid by a ship for the ground or space it occupies while in port.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Groundedly</h1>
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<hw>Ground"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a grounded or firmly established manner.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Grounden</h1>
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<hw>Ground"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Grind</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Grounding</h1>
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<hw>Ground"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act, method, or process of laying a groundwork or foundation; hence, elementary instruction; the act or process of applying a ground, as of color, to wall paper, cotton cloth, etc.; a basis.</def>

<h1>Groundless</h1>
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<hw>Ground"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>grundle\'a0s</ets> bottomless.]</ety> <def>Without ground or foundation; wanting cause or reason for support; not authorized; false; <as>as, <ex>groundless</ex> fear; a <ex>groundless</ex> report or assertion.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ground"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt>  -- <tt>Ground"less*ness</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Groundling</h1>
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<hw>Ground"ling</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ground</ets> + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish that keeps at the bottom of the water, as the loach.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A spectator in the pit of a theater, which formerly was on the ground, and without floor or benches.</def>

<blockquote>No comic buffoon to make the <b>groundlings</b> laugh.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Groundly</h1>
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<hw>Ground"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Solidly; deeply; thoroughly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Those whom princes do once <b>groundly</b> hate, Let them provide to die as sure us fate.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Groundnut</h1>
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<hw>Ground"nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fruit of the Arachis hypog\'91a (native country uncertain); the peanut; the earthnut.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A leguminous, twining plant  (<spn>Apios tuberosa</spn>), producing clusters of dark purple flowers and having a root tuberous and pleasant to the taste. </def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The dwarf ginseng (<spn>Aralia trifolia</spn>). <mark>[U. S.]</mark> <i>Gray</i>. </def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A European plant of the genus Bunium (<spn>B. flexuosum</spn>) having an edible root of a globular shape aud sweet, aromatic taste; -- called also earthnut, earth chestnut, hawknut, and pignut.</def>

<h1>Groundsel</h1>
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<hw>Ground"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>grundswilie</ets>, AS. <ets>gpundeswylige</ets>, <ets>grundeswelge</ets>, earlier gundiswilge; <ets>gund</ets> matter, pus + <ets>swelgan</ets> to swallow. So named as being good for a running from the eye. See <er>Swallow</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An annual composite plant (<spn>Senecio vulgaris</spn>) one of the most common, and widely distributed weeds on the globe.</def>

<h1>Groundsel</h1>
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<hw>Ground"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ground</ets> + <ets>sill</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Ground</er></def>

<h1>Groundsill</h1>
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<hw>Ground"sill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, plate <sd>(a)</sd>, under <er>Ground</er>.</def>

<h1>Groundwork</h1>
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<hw>Ground"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which forms the foundation or support of anything; the basis; the essential or fundamental part; first principle.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Group</h1>
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<hw>Group</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F <ets>groupe</ets>, It. <ets>gruppo</ets>, <ets>groppo</ets>, cluster, bunch, packet, group; of G. <ets>origin</ets>: cf. G. <ets>krepf</ets> craw, crop, tumor, bunch. See <er>Crop</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cluster, crowd, or throng; an assemblage, either of persons or things, collected without any regular form or arrangement; <as>as, a <ex>group</ex> of men or of trees; a <ex>group</ex> of isles</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An assemblage of objects in a certain order or relation, or having some resemblance or common characteristic; <as>as, groups of strata</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A variously limited assemblage of animals or planta, having some resemblance, or common characteristics in form or structure. The term has different uses, and may be made to include certain species of a genus, or a whole genus, or certain genera, or even several orders.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A number of eighth, sixteenth, etc., notes joined at the stems; -- sometimes rather indefinitely applied to any ornament made up of a few short notes.</def>

<h1>Group</h1>
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<hw>Group</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grouped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Grouping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>grouper</ets>. See <er>Group</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To form a group of; to arrange or combine in a group or in groups, often with reference to mutual relation and the best effect; to form an assemblage of.</def>

<blockquote>The difficulty lies in drawing and disposing, or, as the painters term it, in <b>grouping</b> such a multitude of different objects.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Grouped columns</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>three or moro columns placed upon the same pedestal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Grouper</h1>
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<hw>Group"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. Pg. <ets>garupa</ets> crupper. Cf. <er>Garbupa</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of several species of valuable food fishes of the genus <spn>Epinephelus</spn>, of the family <spn>Serranid\'91</spn>, as the red grouper, or brown snapper  (<spn>E. morio</spn>), and the black grouper, or warsaw (<spn>E. nigritus</spn>), both from Florida and the Gulf of Mexico.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The tripletail (<spn>Lobotes</spn>)</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>In California, the name is often applied to the rockfishes.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>groper</asp>, <asp>gruper</asp>, and <asp>trooper</asp>.]</altsp>

<hr>
<page="654">
Page 654<p>

<h1>Grouping</h1>
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<hw>Group"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The disposal or relative arrangement of figures or objects, as in, drawing, painting, and sculpture, or in ornamental design.</def>

<h1>Grouse</h1>
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<hw>Grouse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[Prob. after the analogy of mouse, mice, fr. the earlier <ets>grice</ets>, OF. <ets>griesche</ets> meor hen: cf. F. <ets>piegri\'8ache</ets> shrike.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.<def>)</fld> Any of the numerous species of gallinaceous birds of the family <spn>Tetraonid\'91</spn>, and subfamily <spn>Tetraonin\'91</spn>, inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North America. They have plump bodies, strong, well-feathered legs, and usually mottled plumage. The group includes the ptarmigans (<spn>Lagopus</spn>), having feathered feet.</def>

<note>&hand; Among the European species are the red grouse (<spn>Lagopus Scoticus</spn>) and the hazel grouse (<spn>Bonasa betulina</spn>). See <er>Capercaidzie</er>, <er>Ptarmigan</er>, and <er>Heath grouse</er>. Among the most important American species are the ruffed grouse, or New England partridge (<spn>Bonasa umbellus</spn>); the sharp-tailed grouse (<spn>Pedioc\'91tes phasianellus</spn>) of the West; the dusky blue, or pine grouse (<spn>Dendragapus obscurus</spn>) of the Rocky Mountains; the Canada grouse, or spruce partridge (<spn>D. Canadensis</spn>). See also <er>Prairie hen</er>, and <er>Sage cock</er>. The Old World sand grouse (<spn>Pterocles</spn>, <it>etc.</it>) belong to a very different family. See <er>Pterocletes</er>, and <cref>Sand grouse</cref>.</note>

<h1>Grouse</h1>
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<hw>Grouse</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To seek or shoot grouse.</def>

<h1>Grouser</h1>
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<hw>Grou"ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>(<er>Dredging</er>, <er>Pile Driving</er>, <it>etc.</it>) A pointed timber attached to a boat and sliding vertically, to thrust into the ground as a means of anchorage.</def>

<h1>Grout</h1>
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<hw>Grout</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>grut</ets>; akin to <ets>grytt</ets>, G. <ets>gr\'81tze</ets>, <ets>griess</ets>, Icel. <ets>grautr</ets>, Lith. <ets>grudas</ets> corn, kernel, and Z. <ets>groats</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Coarse meal; ground malt; pl. groats.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formerly, a kind of beer or ale.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Lees; dregs; grounds.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>  "<i>Grouts</i> of tea."

<i>Dickens.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A thin, coarse mortar, used for pouring into the joints of masonry and brickwork; also, a finer material, used in finishing the best ceilings. Gwilt.</def>

<h1>Grout</h1>
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<hw>Grout</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grouted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Grouting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To fill up or finish with grout, as the joints between stones.</def>

<h1>Grauthead</h1>
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<hw>Graut"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Growthead</er>.</def>

<h1>Grouting</h1>
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<hw>Grout"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of filling in or finishing with grout; also, the grout thus filled in.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Groutnol</h1>
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<hw>Grout"nol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Groat</er>, and <er>Noll</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>Same as <er>Growthead.</er></def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.  </i>

<h1>Grouty</h1>
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<hw>Grout"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cross; sulky; sullen.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Grove</h1>
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<hw>Grove</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>graf</ets>, fr. <ets>grafan</ets> to dig. <def>The original sense seems to have been <it>a lane cut through trees</it>. See <er>Grave</er>, <tt>v.</tt>, and cf. <er>Groove</er>.]</ety> A smaller group of trees than a forest, and without underwood, planted, or growing naturally as if arranged by art; a wood of small extent.</def>

<note>&hand; The Hebrew word <it>Asherah</it>, rendered <it>grove</it> in the Authorized Version of the Bible, is left untranslated in the Revised Version. Almost all modern interpreters agree that by <it>Asherah</it> an idol or image of some kind is intended.</note>

<h1>Grovel</h1>
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<hw>Grov"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Groveled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Grovelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Groveling</er> or <er>Grovelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From OE. <ets>grovelinge</ets>, <ets>grufelinge</ets>, <tt>adv.</tt>, on the face, prone, which was misunderstood as a p. pr.; cf.  OE. <ets>gruf</ets>, <ets>groff</ets>, in the same sense; of Scand. origin, cf.  Icel. <ets>gr&umac;fa</ets>, in <ets>&amac; gr&umac;fu</ets> on the face, prone, <ets>gr&umac;fa</ets> to grovel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To creep on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to lie prone, or move uneasily with the body prostrate on the earth; to lie fiat on one's belly, expressive of abjectness; to crawl.</def>

<blockquote>To creep and <b>grovel</b> on the ground.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To tend toward, or delight in, what is sensual or base; to be low, abject, or mean.</def>

<h1>Groveler</h1>
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<hw>Grov"el*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who grovels; an abject wretch.</def> <altsp>[Written also <i>groveller</i>.]</altsp>

<h1>Groveling</h1>
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<hw>Grov"el*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lying prone; low; debased.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>grovelling</asp>.]</altsp> "A <i>groveling</i> creature."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Grovy</h1>
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<hw>Grov"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a grove; situated in, or frequenting, groves.</def>

<i>Dampier.</i>

<h1>Grow</h1>
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<hw>Grow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Grew</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Grown </er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Growing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>grawan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>groeijen</ets>, Icel. <ets>groa</ets>, Dan. <ets>groe</ets>, Sw. <ets>gro</ets>. Cf. <er>Green</er>, <er>Grass</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To increase in size by a natural and organic process; to increase in bulk by the gradual assimilation of new matter into the living organism; -- said of animals and vegetables and their organs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To increase in any way; to become larger and stronger; to be augmented; to advance; to extend; to wax; to accrue.</def>

<blockquote>Winter began to <b>grow</b> fast on.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Even just the sum that I do owe to you
Is <b>growing</b> to me by Antipholus.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To spring up and come to matturity in a natural way; to be produced by vegetation; to thrive; to flourish; <as>as, rice <ex>grows</ex> in warm countries</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Where law faileth, error <b>groweth</b>.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To pass from one state to another; to result as an effect from a cause; to become; <as>as, to <ex>grow</ex> pale</as>.</def>

<blockquote>For his mind
Had <b>grown</b> Suspicion's sanctuary.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To become attached of fixed; to adhere.</def>

<blockquote>Our knees shall kneel till to the ground they <b>grow</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Growing cell</col>, or <col>Growing slide</col>, <cd>a device for preserving alive a minute object in water continually renewed, in a manner to permit its growth to be watched under the microscope.</cd> -- <col>Grown over</col>, <cd>covered with a growth.</cd> -- <col>To grow out of</col>, <cd>to issue from, as plants from the soil, or as a branch from the main stem; to result from.</cd>

<blockquote>These wars have <b>grown out of</b> commercial considerations.
<i>A. Hamilton. </i></blockquote>

-- <cs><col>To grow up</col>, <cd>to arrive at full stature or maturity; as, <ex>grown up</ex> children.</cd> -- <-- ##error here in original: duplication of: To grow up --> <col>To grow together</col>, <cd>to close and adhere; to become united by growth, as flesh or the bark of a tree severed.</cd>
<i>Howells.</i></syn

<syn>Syn. -- To become; increase; enlarge; augment; improve; expand; extend.</def>

<h1>Grow</h1>
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<hw>Grow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to grow; to cultivate; to produce; <as>as, to <ex>grow</ex> a crop; to <ex>grow</ex> wheat, hops, or tobacco.</as></def>

<i>Macaulay.</syn

<syn>Syn. -- To raise; to cultivate. See <er>Raise</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Growable</h1>
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<hw>Grow"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of growth.</def>

<h1>Growan</h1>
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<hw>Grow"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Arm. <ets>grouan gravel</ets>, Corn. <ets>grow gravel</ets>, sand.]</ety> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>A decomposed granite, forming a mass of gravel, as in tin lodes in Cornwall.</def>

<h1>Grower</h1>
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<hw>Grow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who grows or produces; <as>as, a <ex>grower</ex> of corn</as>; also, that which grows or increases; <as>as, a vine may be a rank or a slow <ex>grower</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Growl</h1>
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<hw>Growl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Growled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. e.</tt> <er>Growling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D. <ets>grollen t</ets>o grunt, murmur, be angry; akin to G. <ets>grollen</ets> to be angry.]</ety> <def>To utter a deep guttural sound, sa an angry dog; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Growl</h1>
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<hw>Growl</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To express by growling.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Growl</h1>
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<hw>Growl</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The deep, threatening sound made by a surly dog; a grumbling sound.</def>

<h1>Growler</h1>
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<hw>Growl"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who growls.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The large-mouthed black bass.</def> <mark>[Local]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A four-wheeled cab.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Growlingly</h1>
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<hw>Growl"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a growling manner.</def>

<h1>Grown</h1>
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<hw>Grown</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Grow</er>.</def>

<h1>Growse</h1>
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<hw>Growse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>gruesome</ets>, <ets>grcwsome</ets>, and G. <ets>grausen</ets> to make shudder, shiver.]</ety> <def>To shiver; to have chills.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Growth</h1>
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<hw>Growth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. gro<?/r, gr<?/<?/i. See <er>Grow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The process of growing; the gradual increase of an animal or a vegetable body; the development from a seed, germ, or root, to full size or maturity; increase in size, number, frequency, strength, etc.; augmentation; advancement; production; prevalence or influence; <as>as, the <ex>growth</ex> of trade; the <ex>growth</ex> of power; the <ex>growth</ex> of intemperance.  Idle weeds are fast in <ex>growth</ex>.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which has grown or is growing; anything produced; product; consequence; effect; result.</def>

<blockquote>Nature multiplies her fertile <b>growth</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Growthead</h1>
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<hw>Growt"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Lit., <ets>greathead</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lazy person; a blockhead.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Growthful</h1>
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<hw>Growth"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having capacity of growth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Groyne</h1>
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<hw>Groyne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Groin</er>.</def>

<h1>Grozing iron</h1>
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<hw>Gro"zing i"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tool with a hardened steel point, formerly used instead of a diamond for cutting glass.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Plumbing)</fld> <def>A tool for smoothing the solder joints of lead pipe.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Grub</h1>
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<hw>Grub</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grubbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Grubbing</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>grubbin</ets>., cf. E. <ets>grab</ets>, <ets>grope</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dig in or under the ground, generally for an object that is difficult to reach or extricate; to be occupied in digging.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To drudge; to do menial work.</def>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<h1>Grub</h1>
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<hw>Grub</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dig; to dig up by the roots; to root out by digging; -- followed by up; <as>as, to <ex>grub</ex> up trees, rushes, or sedge</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They do not attempt to <b>grub</b> up the root of sin.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To supply with food.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Grub</h1>
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<hw>Grub</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of an insect, especially of a beetle; -- called also grubworm. See <it>Illust.</it> of <cref>Goldsmith beetle</cref>, under <er>Goldsmith</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Yet your butterfly was a <b>grub</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A short, thick man; a dwarf.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Victuals; food.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Grub ax</col> &or; <col>axe</col>, <cd>a kind of mattock used in grubbing up roots, etc.</cd> -- <col>Grub breaker</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Grub hook</er> (<i>below</i>).</cd> -- <col>Grub hoe</col>, <cd>a heavy hoe for grubbing.</cd> -- <col>Grub hook</col>, <cd>a plowlike implement for uprooting stumps, breaking roots, etc.</cd> -- <col>Grub saw</col>, <cd>a handsaw used for sawing marble.</cd> -- <col>Grub Street</col>, <cd>a street in London (now called <altname>Milton Street</altname>), described by Dr. Johnson as "much inhabited by writers of small histories, dictionaries, and temporary poems, whence any mean production is called <i>grubstreet<i>." As an adjective, suitable to, or resembling the production of, Grub Street.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>I 'd sooner ballads write, and <b>grubstreet</b> lays.
<i>Gap.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grubber</h1>
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<hw>Grub"ber</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, grubs; especially, a machine or tool of the nature of a grub ax, .grub hook, etc.</def>

<h1>Grubbla</h1>
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<hw>Grub"bla</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>grub</ets>, but cf. <ets>grabble</ets>.]</ety> <def>To feel or grope in the dark.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Grubby</h1>
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<hw>Grub"by</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Grub</er>.]</ety> <def>Dirty; unclean.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>grubby</b> game of marbles.
<i>Lond. Sat. Rev.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grubby</h1>
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<hw>Grub"by</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of <spn>Cottus</spn>; a sculpin.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Grubworm</h1>
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<hw>Grub"worm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Grub</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</def>

<blockquote>And gnats and <b>grubworms</b> crowded on his view.
<i>C. Smart.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grucche</h1>
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<hw>Grucche</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Grudge</er>.]</ety> <def>To murmur; to grumble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What aileth you, thus for <b>grucche</b> and groan.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grudge</h1>
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<hw>Grudge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grudger</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Grudging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>grutchen</ets>, <ets>gruchen</ets>, <ets>grochen</ets>, to murmur, grumble, OF. <ets>grochier</ets>, <ets>grouchier</ets>, <ets>grocier</ets>, <ets>groucier</ets>; cf.  Icel. <ets>krytja</ets> to murmur, <ets>krutr</ets> a murmur, or E. <ets>grunt</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To look upon with desire to possess or to appropriate; to envy (one) the possession of; to begrudge; to covet; to give with reluctance; to desire to get back again; -- followed by the direct object only, or by both the direct and indirect objects.</def>

<blockquote>Tis not in thee To <b>grudge</b> my pleasures, to cut off my train.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have often heard the Presbyterians say, they did not <b>grudge</b> us our employments.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They have <b>grudged</b> us contribution.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hold or harbor with malicioua disposition or purpose; to cherish enviously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Perish they
That <b>grudge</b> one thought against your majesty !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Grudge</h1>
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<hw>Grudge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be covetous or envious; to show discontent; to murmur; to complain; to repine; to be unwilling or reluctant.</def>

<blockquote>Grudge not one against another.
<i>James v. 9. </i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He eats his meat without grudging.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To feel compunction or grief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Fisher.  </i>

<h1>Grudge</h1>
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<hw>Grudge</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sullen malice or malevolence; cherished malice, enmity, or dislike; ill will; an old cause of hatred or quarrel.</def>

<blockquote>Esau had conceived a mortal <b>grudge</b> and eumity against hie brother Jacob.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The feeling may not be envy; it may not be imbittered by a <b>grudge</b>.
<i>I. Taylor. </i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Slight symptom of disease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Our shaken monarchy, that now lies . . . struggling againat the <b>grudges</b> of more dreaded calamities.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Pique; aversion; dislike; ill will; hatred; spite. See <er>Pique</er>.</syn>

<h1>Grudgeful</h1>
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<hw>Grudge"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of grudge; envious.</def> "<i>Grudgeful d</i>iscontent."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<mhw><h1>Grudgeons, Gurgeons</h1>
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<hw>Grud"geons</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gur"geons</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from P. <ets>grugir</ets> to craunch; cf. D. <ets>gruizen</ets> to crush, <ets>grind</ets>, and E. <ets>grout</ets>.]</ety> <def>Coarse meal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gruddger</h1>
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<hw>Gruddg"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who grudges.</def>

<h1>Grudgingly</h1>
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<hw>Grudg"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a grudging manner.</def>

<h1>Grudgingness</h1>
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<hw>Grudg"ing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of grudging, or of being full of grudge or unwillingness.</def>

<h1>Gruel</h1>
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<hw>Gru"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>gruel</ets>, F. <ets>gruau</ets>; of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>gruzzi</ets> groats, G. <ets>gr\'81tze</ets>, As. <ets>grut</ets>. See <er>Grout</er>.]</ety> <def>A light, liquid food, made by boiling meal of maize, oatmeal, or fiour in water or milk; thin porridge.</def>

<h1>Gruelly</h1>
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<hw>Gru"el*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like gruel; of the consistence of gruel.</def>

<h1>Gruesome</h1>
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<hw>Grue"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Grewsome</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Gruf</h1>
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<hw>Gruf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Grovel</er>.]</ety> <def>Forwards; with one's face to the ground.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They fellen <b>gruf</b>, and cryed piteously.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gruff</h1>
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<hw>Gruff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Gruffer</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Gruffest</er>.]</ety> <ety>[D. <ets>grof</ets>; akin to G. <ets>grob</ets>, OHG. <ets>gerob</ets>, grob, Dan. <ets>grov</ets>, Sw. <ets>grof</ets>, perh. akin to AS. <ets>rc\'a2fan</ets> to break, Z. <ets>reavc</ets>, rupture, <ets>g-</ets> standing for the AS. prefix <ets>ge-</ets>, Goth. <ets>ga-</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of a rough or stern manner, voice, or countenance; sour; surly; severe; harsh.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote><b>Gruff</b>, disagreeable, sarcastic remarks.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Gruff"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt>  -- <wf>Gruff"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Grugru palm</h1>
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<hw>Gru"gru palm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A West Indian name for several kinds of palm. See <cref>Macaw tree</cref>, under <er>Macaw</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>grigri palm</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Grugru worm</h1>
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<hw>Gru"gru worm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva or grub of a large South American beetle (<spn>Calandra palmarum</spn>), which lives in the pith of palm trees and sugar cane. It is eaten by the natives, and esteemed a delicacy.</def>

<h1>Grum</h1>
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<hw>Grum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>grum</ets> furious, Sw. <ets>grym</ets>, AS. <ets>gram</ets>, and E. <ets>grim</ets>, and <ets>grumble</ets>. <?/35.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Morose; severe of countenance; sour; surly; glum; grim.</def> "Nick looked sour and <i>grum</i>."

<i>Arbuthnof.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Low; deep in the throat; guttural; rumbling; as,</def>

<h1>Grumble</h1>
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<hw>Grum"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grunbled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Grumbling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. LG. <ets>grummeln</ets>, <ets>grumman</ets>, D. <ets>grommelen</ets>, <ets>grommen</ets>, and F. <ets>grommeler</ets>, of German origin; cf. W. <ets>grwm</ets>, murmur, grumble, surly. &root;35. Cf. <er>Grum</er>, <er>Grim</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To murmur or mutter with discontent; to make ill-natured complaints in a low voice and a surly manner.</def>

<blockquote>L'Avare, not using half his store,
Still grumbles that he has no more.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To growl; to snarl in deep tones; <as>as, a lion grumbling over his prey</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To rumble; to make a low, harsh, and heavy sound; to mutter; <as>as, the distant thunder grumbles</as>.</def>

<h1>Grumble</h1>
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<hw>Grum"ble</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To express or utter with grumbling.</def>

<h1>Grumble</h1>
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<hw>Grum"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The noise of one that grumbles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A grumbling, discontented disposition.</def>

<blockquote>A bad case of <b>grumble</b>.
<i>Mrs. H. H. Jacksn. </i></blockquote>

<h1>Grumbler</h1>
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<hw>Grum"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who grumbles.</def>

<h1>Grumblingly</h1>
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<hw>Grum"bling*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a grumbling manner.</def>

<h1>Grume</h1>
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<hw>Grume</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>grume</ets>, cf. F. <ets>grumeau</ets> a little heap, clot of blood, dim. fr. L. <ets>grumus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thick, viscid fluid; a clot, as of blood.</def>

<i>Quincy.</i>

<h1>Grumbly</h1>
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<hw>Grumb"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a grum manner.</def>

<h1>Grumose</h1>
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<hw>Gru*mose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Clustered in grains at intervals; grumous.</def>

<h1>Grumous</h1>
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<hw>Gru"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>grumeleux</ets>. See <er>Grume</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resembling or containing grume; thick; concreted; clotted; <as>as, grumous blood</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Grumose</er>.</def>

<h1>Grumousness</h1>
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<hw>Gru"mous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being grumous.</def>

<h1>gRUMPILY</h1>
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<hw>gRUMPI*LY</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>ADV.</tt> <def>In a surly manner; sullenly.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>gRUMPY</h1>
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<hw>gRUMPY</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Grumblle</er>, and <er>Grum</er>.]</ety> <def>Surly; dissatisfied; grouty.</def> <mark>[Collog.]</mark>

<i>Ferby.</i>

<h1>Grundel</h1>
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<hw>Grun"del</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Groundling</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A groundling (fish).</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Grundsel</h1>
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<hw>Grundsel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Grounsel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Grunt</h1>
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<hw>Grunt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Grunted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Grunting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>grunten</ets>; akin to As. <ets>grunian</ets>, G. <ets>grunzen</ets>, Dan. <ets>grynte</ets>, Sw. <ets>grymta</ets>; all prob. of imitative; or perh. akin to E. <ets>groan</ets>.]</ety> To make a deep, short noise, as a hog; to utter a short groan or a deep guttural sound.

<blockquote>Who would fardels bear,
To <b>grunt</b> and sweat under a weary life.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Grunting ox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the yak.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="655">
Page 655<p>

<h1>Grunt</h1>
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<hw>Grunt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A deep, guttural sound, as of a hog.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of American food fishes, of the genus <spn>H\'91mulon</spn>, allied to the snappers, <as>as, the black grunt (<spn>A.  Plumieri</spn>), and the redmouth grunt  (<spn>H. aurolineatus</spn>), of the Southern United States; -- also applied to allied species of the genera <spn>Pomadasys</spn>, <spn>Orthopristis</spn>, and <spn>Pristopoma</spn>. Called also pigfish, squirrel fish, and grunter; -- so called from the noise it makes when taken.</def>

<h1>Grunter</h1>
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<hw>Grunt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, grunts; specifically, a hog.</def> "Bristled grunters."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several American marine fishes. See <er>Sea robin</er>, and <er>Grunt</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Brass Founding)</fld> <def>A hook used in lifting a crucible.</def>

<h1>Gruntingly</h1>
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<hw>Grunt"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a grunting manner.</def>

<h1>Gruatle</h1>
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<hw>Grua"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>grunt</ets>.]</ety> <def>To grunt; to grunt repeatedly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gruntling</h1>
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<hw>Grunt"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A young hog.</def>

<h1>Grutch</h1>
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<hw>Grutch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt> <def>See <er>Grudge</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Gruy\'8are cheese</h1>
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<hw>Gru"y\'8are` cheese</hw><def>\'b6 (<?/). A kind of cheese made at <i>Gruy\'8are</i>, <i>Switzerland</i>. It is a firm cheese containing numerous cells, and is known in the United States as <i>Schweitzerk\'84se</i>.</def>

<h1>Gry</h1>
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<hw>Gry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr <?/ syllable, bit.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A measure equal to one tenth of a line.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything very small, or of little value.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Gryde</h1>
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<hw>Gryde</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To gride. See <er>Gride</er>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Gryfon</h1>
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<hw>Gryf"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Griffin</er>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Gryllus</h1>
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<hw>Gryl"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., <ets>locust</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of insects including the common crickets.</def>

<h1>Grype</h1>
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<hw>Grype</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To gripe. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Gripe</er>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Grype</h1>
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<hw>Grype</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>gry`f</grk>, <grk>grypo`s</grk>, griffin. See <er>Griffin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A vulture; the griffin.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gripe</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gryph\'91a</h1>
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<hw>Gry*ph\'91"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. I <ets>gryphus</ets>, or <ets>qryps</ets>, gen. <ets>gryphis</ets>, a <ets>griffin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of cretaceous fossil shells allied to the oyster.</def>

<h1>Gryphite</h1>
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<hw>Gryph"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>gryphite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A shell of the genus Gryphea.</def>

<h1>Gryphon</h1>
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<hw>Gryph"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The griffin vulture.</def>

<h1>Grysbok</h1>
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<hw>Grys"bok</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D.  <ets>grijs</ets> gray + <ets>bok</ets> buck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small South African antelope (<spn>Neotragus melanotis</spn>).  It is speckled with gray and chestnut, above; the under parts are reddish fawn.</def>

<h1>Guacharo</h1>
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<hw>Gua*cha"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>gu\'a0charo</ets> sickly, dropsical, <ets>guacharaca</ets> a sort of bird.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A nocturnal bird of South America and Trinidad (<spn>Steatornis Caripensis</spn>, or <spn>S. steatornis</spn>); -- called also <altname>oilbird.</altname></def>

<note>&hand; It resembles the goatsuckers and nighthawks, but feeds on fruits, and nests in caverns. A pure oil, used in place of butter, is extracted from the young by the natives.</note>

<h1>Guacho</h1>
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<hw>Gua"cho</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Guachos</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[Spanish American.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the mixed-blood (Spanish-Indian) inhabitants of the pampas of South America; a mestizo.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An Indian who serves as a messenger.</def>

<h1>Guaco</h1>
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<hw>Gua"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plant (<spn>Aristolochia anguicida</spn>) of Carthagena, used as an antidote to serpent bites.</def> <i>Lindley</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The <spn>Mikania Guaco</spn>, of Brazil, used for the same purpose.</def>

<h1>Guaiac</h1>
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<hw>Gua"iac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Guaiacum</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, guaiacum.</def> --  <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> <wf>Guaiacum</wf>.</wordforms>

<h1>Guaiacum</h1>
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<hw>Gua"ia*cum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Sp. <ets>guayaco</ets>, from native name in Hayti.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of small, crooked trees, growing in tropical America.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The heart wood or the resin of the <spn>Guaiacum offinale</spn> or lignum-vit\'91, a large tree of the West Indies and Central America. It is much used in medicine.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>guaiac</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Guan</h1>
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<hw>Guan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>((Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of many species of large gallinaceous birds of Certal and South America, belonging to <spn>Penelope</spn>, <spn>Pipile</spn>, <spn>Ortalis</spn>, and allied genera. Several of the species are often domesticated.</def>

<h1>Guana</h1>
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<hw>Gua"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Iguana</er>.</def>

<h1>Guanaco</h1>
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<hw>Gua*na"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Guanacos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>.  <ety>[Sp. <ets>guanaco</ets>, Peruv. <ets>huanacu</ets>. Cf. <er>Huanaco</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American mammal (<spn>Auchenia huanaco</spn>), allied to the llama, but of larger size and more graceful form, inhabiting the southern Andes and Patagonia. It is supposed by some to be the llama in a wild state.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>huanaco</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Guanidine</h1>
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<hw>Gua"ni*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A strongly alkaline base, <chform>CN3H5</chform>, formed by the oxidation of guanin, and also obtained combined with methyl in the decomposition of creatin. Boiled with dilute sulphuric acid, it yields urea and ammonia.</def><-- NH2.CNH.NH2 -->

<h1>Guaniferous</h1>
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<hw>Gua*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Guano</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Yielding guano.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Guanin</h1>
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<hw>Gua"nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline substance (<chform>C5H5N5O</chform>) contained in guano. It is also a constituent of the liver, pancreas, and other glands in mammals.</def>

<h1>Guano</h1>
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<hw>Gua"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Guanos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp. <ets>guano</ets>, fr. Peruv. <ets>huanu</ets> dung.]</ety> <def>A substance found in great abundance on some coasts or islands frequented by sea fowls, and composed chiefly of their excrement. It is rich in phosphates and ammonia, and is used as a powerful fertilizer.</def>

<h1>Guara</h1>
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<hw>Gua"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Braz. <ets>guar\'a0</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The scarlet ibis. See <er>Ibis</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A large-maned wild dog of South America (<spn>Canis jubatus</spn>) -- named from its cry.</def>

<h1>Guarana</h1>
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<hw>Gua"ra*na`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A preparation from the seeds of <spn>Paullinia sorbilis</spn>, a woody climber of Brazil, used in making an astringent drink, and also in the cure of headache.</def>

<h1>Guaranine</h1>
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<hw>Gua"ra*nine`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid extracted from guarana. Same as <er>Caffeine</er>.</def>

<h1>Guarantee</h1>
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<hw>Guar`an*tee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Guarantees</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[For guaranty, prob. influenced by words like assignee, lessee, etc. See <er>Guaranty</er>, and cf. <er>Warrantee</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In law and common usage: A promise to answer for the payment of some debt, or the performance of some duty, in case of the failure of another person, who is, in the first instance, liable to such payment or performance; an engagement which secures or insures another against a contingency; a warranty; a security. Same as Guaranty.</def>

<blockquote>His interest seemed to be a <b>guarantee</b> for his zeal.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who binds himself to see an undertaking of another performed; a guarantor.</def>

<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Guarantor is the correct form in this sense.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person to whom a guaranty is made; --  the correlative of guarantor.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Guarantee</er>, <er>Warranty.</er> <usage>A guarantee is an engagement that a certain act will be done or not done in future. A warranty is an engagement as to the qualities or title of a thing at the time of the engagement.</usage>

<h1>Guarantee</h1>
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<hw>Guar"an*tee`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>guaranteed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p, pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Guaranteeing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Guarantee</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>In law and common usage: to undertake or engage for the payment of (a debt) or the performance of (a duty) by another person; to undertake to secure (a possession, right, claim, etc.) to another against a specified contingency, or at all avents; to give a guarantee concerning; to engage, assure, or secure as a thing that may be depended on; to warrant; <as>as, to <ex>guarantee</ex> the execution of a treaty</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government.
<i>Constitution of the U. S.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Guarantor</h1>
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<hw>Guar"an*tor`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Guaranty</er>, and cf. <er>Warrantor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who makes or gives a guaranty; a warrantor; a surety.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who engages to secure another in any right or possession.</def>

<h1>Guaranty</h1>
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<hw>Guar"an*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Guaranies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OF. <ets>guarantie</ets>, <ets>garantie</ets>, F. <ets>garantie</ets>, OF. <ets>guarantir</ets>, <ets>garantir</ets>, to warrant, to <ets>guaranty</ets>, E. <ets>garantir</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>guarant</ets>, <ets>garant</ets>, a warranter, F. <ets>garant</ets>; of German origin, and from the same word as warranty. See <er>Warrant</er>, and cf. <er>Warranty</er>, <er>Guarantee</er>.]</ety> <def>In law and common usage: An undertaking to answer for the payment of some debt, or the performance of some contract or duty, of another, in case of the failure of such other to pay or perform; a guarantee; a warranty; a security.</def>

<h1>Guaranty</h1>
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<hw>Guar"an*ty</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Guarantied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Guarantying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Guaranty</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>In law and common usage: To undertake or engage that another person shall perform (what he hass stipulated); to undertake to be answerable for (the debt or default of another); to engage to answer for the performance of (some promise or duty by another) in case of a failure by the latter to perform; to undertake to secure (something) to another, as in the case of a contingency. See <er>Guarantee</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<note>&hand; <i>Guaranty</i> agrees in form with <i>warranty</i>. Both <i>guaranty</i> and <i>guarantee</i> are well authorized by legal writers in the United States. The prevailing spelling, at least for the verb, is <i>guarantee</i>.</note>

<h1>Guard</h1>
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<hw>Guard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Guarded</er>; <tt>p. pr. &, vb. n.</tt> <er>Gurding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>guarder</ets>, <ets>garder</ets>, warder, F. <ets>garder</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>wart<?/n</ets> to be on the watch, await, G. <ets>marten</ets>. See <er>Ward</er>, <tt>v.</tt> & <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Guard</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To protect from danger; to secure against surprise, attack, or injury; to keep in safety; to defend; to shelter; to shield from surprise or attack; to protect by attendance; toaccompany for protection; to vare for.</def>

<blockquote>For Heaven still <b>guards</b> the right.

<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To keep watch over, in order to prevent escape or restrain from acts of violence, or the like.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To protect the edge of, esp. with an ornamental border; hence, to face or ornament with lists, laces, etc.</def>

<-- (<xex?  Spelling bad in this section -- look -->
<blockquote>The body of your discourse it sometime <b>guarded</b> with fragments, and the guards are but slightly basted on neither.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To fasten by binding; to gird.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To defend, protect, shield; keep; watch.</syn>

<h1>Guard</h1>
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<hw>Guard</hw> <tt>(g&aum;rd)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To watch by way of caution or defense; to be caution; to be in a state or position of defense or safety; <as>as, careful persons <ex>guard</ex> against mistakes</as>.</def>

<h1>Guard</h1>
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<hw>Guard</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>guarde</ets>, F. <ets>garde</ets>; of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>wart</ets>, <ets>marto</ets>, one who watches, <ets>mata</ets> a watching, Goth. <ets>wardja</ets> watchman. See <er>Guard</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, guards from injury, danger, exposure, or attack; defense; protection.</def>

<blockquote>His greatness was no <b>guard</b> to bar heaven's shaft.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A man, or body of men, stationed to protect or control a person or position; a watch; a sentinel.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>guard</b> which kept the door of the king's house.
<b>Kings xiv. 27.</b>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who has charge of a mail coach or a railway train; a conductor.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any fixture or attachment designed to protect or secure against injury, soiling, or defacement, theft or loss</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of a sword hilt which protects the hand</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Ornamental lace or hem protecting the edge of a garment</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A chain or cord for fastening a watch to one's person or dress</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A fence or rail to prevent falling from the deck of a vessel</def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>An extension of the deck of a vessel beyond the hull; esp., in side-wheel steam vessels, the framework of strong timbers, which curves out on each side beyond the paddle wheel, and protects it and the shaft against collision.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>A plate of metal, beneath the stock, or the lock frame, of a gun or pistol, having a loop, called a bow, to protect the trigger</def>. <sd>(g)</sd> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld> <def>An interleaved strip at the back, as in a scrap book, to guard against its breaking when filled.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A posture of defense in fencing, and in bayonet and saber exercise.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An expression or admission intended to secure against objections or censure.</def>

<blockquote>They have expressed themselves with as few <b>guards</b> and restrictions as I.
<i>Atterbury. </i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Watch; heed; care; attention; <as>as, to keep guard</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fibrous sheath which covers the phragmacone of the Belemnites.</def>

<note>&hand; Guard is often used adjectively or in combination; as, guard boat or guardboat; guardroom or guard room; guard duty.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Advanced guard</col>, <col>Coast guard</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Advanced</er>, <er>Coast</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Grand guard</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>one of the posts of the second line belonging to a system of advance posts of an army. <i>Mahan</i>.</cd> -- <col>Guard boat</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A boat appointed to row the rounds among ships of war in a harbor, to see that their officers keep a good lookout.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A boat used by harbor authorities to enforce the observance of quarantine regulations.</cd> -- <col>Guard cells</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the bordering cells of stomates; they are crescent-shaped and contain chlorophyll.</cd> -- <col>Guard chamber</col>, <cd>a guardroom.</cd> -- <col>Guard detail</col> (<fld>Mil.</fld), <cd>men from a company regiment etc., detailed for guard duty.</cd> -- <col>Guard duty</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the duty of watching patrolling, etc., performed by a sentinel or sentinels.</cd> -- <col>Guard lock</col> <fld>(Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a tide lock at the mouth of a dock or basin.</cd> -- <col>Guard of honor</col> <fld>(Mil.</cd>)</fld>, <cd>a guard appointed to receive or to accompany eminent persons.</cd> -- <col>Guard rail</col> <fld>(Railroads)</fld>, <cd>a rail placed on the inside of a main rail, on bridges, at switches, etc., as a safeguard against derailment.</cd> -- <col>Guard ship</col>, <cd>a war vessel appointed to superintend the marine affairs in a harbor, and also, in the English service, to receive seamen till they can be distributed among their respective ships.</cd> -- <col>Life guard</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a body of select troops attending the person of a prince or high officer.</cd> -- <col>Off one's guard</col>, <cd>in a careless state; inattentive; unsuspicious of danger.</cd> -- <col>On guard</col>, <cd>serving in the capacity of a guard; doing duty as a guard or sentinel; watching.</cd> -- <col>On one's guard</col>, <cd>in a watchful state; alert; vigilant.</cd> -- <col>To mount guard</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to go on duty as a guard or sentinel.</cd> -- <col>To run the guard</col><cd>/mcol>, <cd>to pass the watch or sentinel without leave.</cd></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Defense; shield; protection; safeguard; convoy; escort; care; attention; watch; heed.</syn>

<h1>Guardable</h1>
<Xpage=655>

<hw>Guard"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gardable</ets>. See <er>Guard</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Capable of being guarded or protected.</def>

<h1>Guardage</h1>
<Xpage=655>

<hw>Guard"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>wardage</ets>. See <er>Guard</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Wardship</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Guardant</h1>
<Xpage=655>

<hw>Guard"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>guardant</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>guard<?/</ets>. See <er>Guard</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Acting as guardian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Gardant</er>.</def>

<h1>Guardant</h1>
<Xpage=655>

<hw>Guard"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A guardian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Guarded</h1>
<Xpage=655>

<hw>Guard"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cautious; wary; circumspect; <as>as, he was <ex>guarded</ex> in his expressions</as>; framed or uttered with caution; <as>as, his expressions were <ex>guarded</ex></as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Guard"edly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Guard"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Guardenage</h1>
<Xpage=655>

<hw>Guard"en*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Guardianship.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark> " His tuition and guardenage."

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Guarder</h1>
<Xpage=655>

<hw>Guard"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who guards.</def>

<h1>Guardfish</h1>
<Xpage=655>

<hw>Guard"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The garfish.</def>

<h1>Guardful</h1>
<Xpage=655>

<hw>Guard"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cautions; wary; watchful.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Guard"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Guardhouse</h1>
<Xpage=655>

<hw>Guard"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A building which is occupied by the guard, and in which soldiers are confined for misconduct; hence, a lock-up.</def>

<h1>Guardian</h1>
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<hw>Guard"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>guardain</ets>, <ets>gardien</ets>, F. <ets>gardien</ets>, LL. <ets>guardianus</ets>. See <er>Guard</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Wasden</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who guards, preserves, or secures; one to whom any person or thing is committed for protection, security, or preservation from injury; a warden.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who has, or is entitled to, the custody of the person or property of an infant, a minor without living parents, or a person incapable of managing his own affairs.</def>

<blockquote>Of the several species of <b>guardians</b>, the first are <b>guardians</b> by nature. -- viz., the father and (in some cases) the mother of the child.
<i>Blockstone.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Guardian ad litem</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a guardian appointed by a court of justice to conduct a particular suit.</cd> -- <col>Guardians of the poor</col>, <cd>the members of a board appointed or elected to care for the relief of the poor within a township, or district.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="656">
Page 656<p>

<h1>Guardian</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guard"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Performing, or appropriate to, the office of a protector; <as>as, a <ex>guardian</ex> care</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Feast of Guardian Angels</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <cd>a church festival instituted by Pope Paul V., and celebrated on October 2d.</cd> -- <col>Guardian angel</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The particular spiritual being believed in some branches of the Christian church to have guardianship and protection of each human being from birth.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Hence, a protector or defender in general. <i>O. W. Holmes</i>.</cd> -- <col>Guardian spirit</col>, <cd>in the belief of many pagan nations, a spirit, often of a deceased relative or friend, that presides over the interests of a household, a city, or a region.</cd></cs>

<h1>Guardianage</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guard"i*an*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Guardianship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Guardiance</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guard"i*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Guardianship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Guardianess</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guard"i*an*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female guardian.</def>

<blockquote>I have placed a trusty, watchful guardianess.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Guardianless</h1>
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<hw>Guard"i*an*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a guardian.</def>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Guardianship</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guard"i*an*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office, duty, or care, of a guardian; protection; care; watch.</def>

<h1>Guardless</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guard"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a guard or defense; unguarded.</def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Guardroom</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guard"room`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The room occupied by the guard during its term of duty; also, a room where prisoners are confined.</def>

<h1>Guards</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guards</hw> <tt>(g&aum;rdz)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>A body of picked troops; <as>as, "The Household <i>Guards.</i>"</as></def>

<h1>Guardship</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guard"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Care; protection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Guardsman</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guards"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Guardsmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who guards; a guard.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member, either officer or private, of any military body called Guards.</def>

<h1>Guarish</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guar"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>guarir</ets>, <ets>garir</ets>, F.  <ets>gu\'82rir</ets>.]</ety> <def>To heal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Guatemala grass</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Gua`te*ma"la grass"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Teosinte</er>.</def>

<h1>Guava</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Gua"va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>guayaba</ets> the guava fruit, <ets>guayabo</ets> the guava tree; prob. fr. the native West Indian name.]</ety> <def>A tropical tree, or its fruit, of the genus <spn>Psidium.</spn> Two varieties are well known, the <spn>P. pyriferum</spn>, or <altname>white guava</altname>, and <spn>P. pomiferum</spn>, or <altname>red guava</altname>.  The fruit or berry is shaped like a pomegranate, but is much smaller. It is somewhat astringent, but makes a delicious jelly.</def>

<h1>Gubernance</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Gu"ber*nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Government.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gubernate</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Gu"ber*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gubernatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>gubernare</ets>. See <er>Govern</er>.]</ety> <def>To govern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Gubernation</h1>
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<hw>Gu"ber*na`tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gubernatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of governing; government</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>I. Watts.  </i>

<h1>Gubernative</h1>
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<hw>Gu"ber*na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Governing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gubernatorial</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Gu"ber*na*to`ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. gubernator governor. See <er>Gabernate</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a governor, or to government.</def>

<h1>Gudgeon</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Gud"geon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. gojon, F. goujon, from L. gobio, or gob, Gr.  <?/ Cf.  <er>1st Goby</er>. ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European freshwater fish (<spn>Gobio fluviatilis</spn>), allied to the carp. It is easily caught and often used for food and for bait. In America the killifishes or minnows are often called <altname>gudgeons.</altname></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>What may be got without skill or merit.</def>

<blockquote>Fish not, with this melancholy bait,
For this fool <b>gudgeon</b>, this opinion.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person easily duped or cheated.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The pin of iron fastened in the end of a wooden shaft or axle, on which it turns; formerly, any journal, or pivot, or bearing, as the pintle and eye of a hinge, but esp. the end journal of a horizontal.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A metal eye or socket attached to the sternpost to receive the pintle of the rudder.</def>

<cs><col>Ball gudgeon</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ball</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gudgeon</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Gud"geon</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deprive fraudulently; to cheat; to dupe; to impose upon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To be <b>gudgeoned</b> of the opportunities which had been given you.
<i>Sir IV. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gue</h1>
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<hw>Gue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sharper; a rogue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Webstar.  </i>

<mhw><h1>Gueber Guebre</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Gue"ber</hw> <hw>Gue"bre</hw></mhw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Gheber</er>.</def>

<h1>Guelderrose'</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guel"der*rose'</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Supposed to be brought from <ets>Guelderland</ets>; hence, D. <ets>Geldersche roos</ets>, G. <ets>Gelderische rose</ets>, F. <ets>rose de Gueldre</ets>, It. <ets>rose di Gueldra</ets>, Sp. <ets>rosa de Gueldres</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A cultivated variety of a species of <spn>Viburnum</spn> (<spn>V. Opulus</spn>), bearing large bunches of white flowers; -- called also <altname>snowball tree</altname>.</def>

<h1>Guelph, Guelf</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw><hw>Guelph</hw>, <hw>Guelf</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>Guelfo</ets>, from <ets>Welf</ets>, the name of a German family.]</ety> <fld>(Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a faction in Germany and Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries, which supported the House of Guelph and the pope, and opposed the Ghibellines, or faction of the German emperors.</def>

<h1>Guelphic, Guelfic</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw><hw>Guelph"ic</hw>, <hw>Guelf"ic</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the family or the facttion of the Guelphs.</def>

<h1>Guenon</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guenon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several long-tailed Oriental monkeys, of the genus <spn>Cercocebus</spn>, as the green monkey and grivet.</def>

<h1>Gueparde</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Gue`parde"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>gu\'82pard</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cheetah.</def>

<h1>Guerdon</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guer"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>guerdon</ets>, <ets>guerredon</ets>, LL. <ets>widerdonum</ets> (influenced by L. <ets>donum</ets> gift, cf. <er>Donation</er> ), fr. OHG. <ets>widarl<?/n</ets>; <ets>widar</ets> again, against (G. <ets>wider</ets> <ets>wieder</ets>) + <ets>l&omac;n</ets> reward, G. <ets>lohn</ets>, akin to AS. <ets>le\'a0n</ets> Goth. <ets>laun</ets>. See <er>Withers</er>.]</ety> <def>A reward; requital; recompense;  -- used in both a good and a bad sense.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>So young as to regard men's frown or smile
As loss or <b>guerdon</b> of a glorious lot.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He shall, by thy revenging hand, at once receive the just <b>guerdon</b> of all his former villainies.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Guerdon</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guer"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. guerdonner, guerredonner. See <er>Guerdon</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To give guerdon to; to reward; to be a recompense for.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Him we gave a costly bribe
To <b>guerdon</b> silence.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Guerdonable</h1>
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<hw>Guer"don*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>guerredonable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Worthy of reward.</def>

<i>Sir G. Buck.  </i>

<h1>Guerdonless</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guer"don*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without reward or guerdon.</def>

<h1>Guereza</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Gue*re"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beautiful Abyssinian monkey (<spn>Colobus guereza</spn>), having the body black, with a fringe of long, silky, white hair along the sides, and a tuft of the same at the end of the tail.  The frontal band, cheeks, and chin are white.</def>

<h1>Guerilla</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Gue*ril"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Guerrilla</er>.</def>

<h1>Guerite</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guer"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gu\'82rite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A projecting turret for a sentry, as at the salient angles of works, or the acute angles of bastions.</def>

<h1>Guernsey lily</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guern"sey lil"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A South African plant (<spn>Nerine Sarniensis</spn>) with handsome lilylike flowers, naturalized on the island of Guernsey.</def>

<h1>Guerrilla</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guer*ril"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., lit., a little war, skirmish, dim. of <ets>guerra</ets> war, fr. OHG. <ets>werra</ets> discord, strife. See <er>War</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An irregular mode of carrying on war, by the constant attacks of independent bands, adopted in the north of Spain during the Peninsular war.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who carries on, or assists in carrying on, irregular warfare; especially, a member of an independent band engaged in predatory excursions in war time.</def>

<note>&hand; The term <i>guerrilla</i> is the diminutive of the Spanish word <it>guerra</it>, war, and means <i>petty war</i>, that is, war carried on by detached parties; generally in the mountains.  . . . A guerrilla party means, an irregular band of armed men, carrying on an irregular war, not being able, according to their character as a guerrilla party, to carry on what the law terms a <i>regular war</i>.

<i>F. Lieder.</i>
</note>

<h1>Guerrilla</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guer*ril"la</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or engaged in, warfare carried on irregularly and by independent bands; <as>as, a <ex>guerrilla</ex> party; <ex>guerrilla</ex> warfare.</as></def>

<h1>Guess</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Guessed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Guessing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>gessen</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>gisse</ets>, Sw. <ets>gissa</ets>, Icel. <ets>gizha</ets>, D. <ets>gissen</ets>: cf. Dan. <ets>giette</ets> to guess, Icel. <ets>geta</ets> to get, to guess. Probably originally, to try to get, and akin to E. <ets>get</ets>. See <er>Get</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form an opinion concerning, without knowledge or means of knowledge; to judge of at random; to conjecture.</def>

<blockquote>First, if thou canst, the harder reason <b>guess</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To judge or form an opinion of, from reasons that seem preponderating, but are not decisive.</def>

<blockquote>We may then guess how far it was from his design.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Of ambushed men, whom, by their arms and dress,
To be Taxallan enemies I <b>guess</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To solve by a correct conjecture; to conjecture rightly; <as>as, he who <ex>guesses</ex> the riddle shall have the ring; he has <ex>guessed</ex> my designs</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To hit upon or reproduce by memory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Tell me their words, as near as thou canst <b>guess</b> them.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To think; to suppose; to believe; to imagine; --  followed by an objective clause.</def>

<blockquote>Not all together; better far, I <b>guess</b>,
That we do make our entrance several ways.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But in known images of life I <b>guess</b>
The labor greater.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To conjecture; suppose; surmise; suspect; divine; think; imagine; fancy.</syn> <usage> -- <er>To Guess</er>, <er>Think</er>, <er>Reckon</er>. <i>Guess</i> denotes, to attempt to hit upon at random; <as>as, to <ex>guess</ex> at a thing when blindfolded; to conjecture or form an opinion on hidden or very slight grounds: as, to <ex>guess</ex> a riddle; to <ex>guess</ex> out the meaning of an obscure passage</as>. The use of the word <ex>guess</ex> for think or believe, although abundantly sanctioned by good English authors, is now regarded as antiquated and objectionable by discriminating writers. It may properly be branded as a colloguialism and vulgarism when used respecting a purpose or a thing about which there is no uncertainty; <as>as, I <ex>guess</ex> I 'll go to bed</as>.</usage>

<h1>Guess</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guess</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a guess or random judgment; to conjecture; -- with at, about, etc</def>

<blockquote>This is the place, as well as I may <b>guess</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Guess</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An opinion as to anything, formed without sufficient or decisive evidence or grounds; an attempt to hit upon the truth by a random judgment; a conjecture; a surmise.</def>

<blockquote>A poet must confess
His art 's like physic -- but a happy <b>guess</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Guessable</h1>
<Xpage=656>

<hw>Guess"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being guessed.</def>

<h1>Guesser</h1>
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<hw>Guess"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who guesses; one who forms or gives an opinion without means of knowing.</def>

<h1>Guessingly</h1>
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<hw>Guess"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of conjecture.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Guessive</h1>
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<hw>Guess"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Conjectural.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Guess rope</h1>
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<hw>Guess" rope"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A guess warp.</def>

<h1>Guess warp</h1>
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<hw>Guess" warp"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope or hawser by which a vessel is towed or warped along; -- so called because it is necessary to guess at the length to be carried in the boat making the attachment to a distant object.</def>

<h1>Guesswork</h1>
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<hw>Guess"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Work performed, or results obtained, by guess; conjecture.</def>

<h1>Guest</h1>
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<hw>Guest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gest</ets>, AS. <ets>g\'91st</ets>, <ets>gest</ets>; akin to OS., D., & G. <ets>gust</ets>, Icel <ets>gestr</ets>, Sw. <ets>g\'84st</ets>, Dan. <ets>Gj\'84st</ets>, Goth. <ets>gast</ets>, Russ. <ets>goste</ets>, and to L. <ets>hostis</ets> enemy, stranger; the meaning <ets>stranger</ets> is the older one, but the root is unknown. Cf. <er>Host</er> an army, <er>Hostile</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A visitor; a person received and entertained in one's house or at one's table; a visitor entertained without pay.</def>

<blockquote>To cheer his <b>gueste</b>, whom he had stayed that night.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>True friendship's laws are by this rule exprest.
Welcome the coming, speed the parting <b>guest</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Guest</h1>
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<hw>Guest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To receive or entertain hospitably.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sylvester.</i>

<h1>Guest</h1>
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<hw>Guest</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be, or act the part of, a guest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And tell me, best of princes, who he was
That <b>guested</b> here so late.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Guest rope</h1>
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<hw>Guest" rope"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The line by which a boat makes fast to the swinging boom.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.  </i>

<h1>Guestwise</h1>
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<hw>Guest"wise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a guest.</def>

<h1>Gue'vi</h1>
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<hw>Gue'vi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several very small species and varieties of African antelopes, of the genus Cephalophus, as the Cape guevi or kleeneboc (C. pyg. <i>m\'91a</i>); -- called also pygmy antelope.</def>

<h1>Guffaw</h1>
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<hw>Guf*faw"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A loud burst of laughter, a horse laugh.</def> "A hearty low <i>guffaw</i>."

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Guffer</h1>
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<hw>Guf"fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The eelpout; guffer eel.</def>

<h1>Guggle</h1>
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<hw>Gug"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Gurgle</er>.</def>

<h1>Guhr</h1>
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<hw>Guhr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <def>A loose, earthy deposit from water, found in the cavities or clefts of rocks, mostly white, but sometimes red or yellow, from a mixture of clay or ocher.</def>

<i>P. Cleaveland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Guiac</h1>
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<hw>Gui"ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Guaiac</er>.</def>

<h1>Guiacol</h1>
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<hw>Gui"a*col</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Guiac</ets> + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless liquid, <chform>C6H4,OCH3.OH</chform><-- ##comma in original. error? -->, resembling the phenols, found as a constituent of woodtar creosote, aud produced by the dry distillation of guaiac resin.</def>

<h1>Guiacum</h1>
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<hw>Gui"a*cum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Guaiacum</er>.</def>

<h1>Guib</h1>
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<hw>Guib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A West African antelope  (<spn>Tragelaphus scriptus</spn>), curiously marked with white stripes and spots on a reddish fawn ground, and hence called <altname>harnessed antelope</altname>; -- called also <altname>guiba.</altname></def>

<h1>Guicowar</h1>
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<hw>Gui"co*war</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>[Mahratta <ets>g&amac;ekw&amac;r</ets>, prop., a cowherd.]  The title of the sovereign of Guzerat, in Western India; -- generally called the <altname>Guicowar of Baroda</altname>, which is the capital of the country.</def>

<h1>Guidable</h1>
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<hw>Guid"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being guided; willing to be guided or counseled.</def>

<i>Sprat.</i>

<h1>Guidage</h1>
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<hw>Guid"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <ets>Guide</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The reward given to a guide for services.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Guidance; lead; direction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Guidance</h1>
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<hw>Guid"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Guide</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or result of guiding; the superintendence or assistance of a guide; direction; government; a leading.</def>

<blockquote> His studies were without <b>guidance</b> and without plan.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Guide</h1>
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<hw>Guide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Guided</er>; <tt>p. pr.  & vb. n.</tt> <er>Guiding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>guiden</ets>, <ets>gyden</ets>, F. <ets>guiaer</ets>, It.  <ets>guidare</ets>; prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth. <ets>ritan</ets> to watch over, give heed to, Icel. <ets>viti</ets> signal, AS. witan to know. The word prob. meant, to indicate, point to, and hence, to show the way. Cf. <er>Wit</er>, <er>Guy</er> a rope, <er>Gye.</er>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a course or path; to pilot; <as>as, to guide a traveler</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I wish . . . you 'ld <b>guide</b> me to your sovereign's court.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To regulate and manage; to direct; to order; to superintend the training or education of; to instruct and influence intellectually or morally; to train.</def>

<blockquote>He will <b>guide</b> his affairs with discretion.
<i>Ps. cxii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The meek will he guide in judgment.
<i>Ps. xxv. 9.  </i></blockquote>

<h1>Guide</h1>
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<hw>Guide</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>giae</ets>, F. <ets>guide</ets>, It. <ets>guida</ets>. See <er>Guide</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person who leads or directs another in his way or course, as in a strange land; one who exhibits points of interest to strangers; a conductor; also, that which guides; a guidebook.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who, or that which, directs another in his conduct or course of lifo; a director; a regulator.</def>

<blockquote>He will be our <b>guide</b>, even unto death.
<i>Ps. xlviii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any contrivance, especially one having a directing edge, surface, or channel, for giving direction to the motion of anything, as water, an instrument, or part of a machine, or for directing the hand or eye, as of an operator</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Water Wheels)</fld> <def>A blade or channel for directing the flow of water to the wheel buckets</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Surgery)</fld> <def>A grooved director for a probe or knife</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <def>A strip or device to direct the compositor's eye to the line of copy he is setting.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A noncommissioned officer or soldier placed on the directiug flank of each subdivision of a column of troops, or at the end of a line, to mark the pivots, formations, marches, and alignments in tactics.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<cs><col>Guide bar</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>the part of a steam engine on which the crosshead slides, and by which the motion of the piston rod is kept parallel to the cylinder, being a substitute for the parallel motion; -- called also <altname>guide</altname>, and <altname>slide bar</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Guide block</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>a block attached in to the crosshead to work in contact with the guide bar.</cd> --  <col>Guide meridian</col>. <fld>(Surveying)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Meridian</er>.</cd> -- <col>Guide pile</col> <fld>(Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a pile driven to mark a place, as a point to work to.</cd> -- <col>Guide pulley</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a pulley for directing or changing the line of motion of belt; an idler. <i>Knight</i>.</cd>  -- <col>Guide rail</col> <fld>(Railroads)</fld>, <cd>an additional rail, between the others, gripped by horizontal driving wheels on the locomotive, as a means of propulsion on steep gradients.</cd></cs>

<h1>Guideboard</h1>
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<hw>Guide"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A board, as upon a guidepost having upon it directions or information as to the road.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Guidebook</h1>
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<hw>Guide"book`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A book of directions and information for travelers, tourists, etc.</def>

<h1>Guideless</h1>
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<hw>Guide"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a guide.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Guidepost</h1>
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<hw>Guide"post`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A post at the fork of a road, with a guideboard on it, to direct travelers.</def>

<h1>Guider</h1>
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<hw>Guid"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A guide; a director.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Guideress</h1>
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<hw>Guid"er*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female guide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Guidguid</h1>
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<hw>Guid"guid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American ant bird of the genus <spn>Hylactes</spn>; -- called also <altname>barking bird</altname>.</def>

<h1>Guidon</h1>
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<hw>Gui"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>guidon</ets>, It. <ets>guidone</ets>. See <er>Guide</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small flag or streamer, as that carried by cavalry, which is broad at one end and nearly pointed at the other, or that used to direct the movements of a body of infantry, or to make signals at sea; also, the flag of a guild or fraternity. In the United States service, each company of cavalry has a guidon.</def>

<blockquote>The pendants and <b>guidons</b> were carried by the officer of the army.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="657">
Page 657<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who carries a flag.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of a community established at Rome, by Charlemagne, to guide pilgrims to the Holy Land.</def>

<h1>Gulge</h1>
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<hw>Gulge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Gige</er>.</def>

<h1>Guild</h1>
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<hw>Guild</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gilds</ets>, AS. <ets>gild</ets>, <ets>gield</ets>, <ets>geld</ets>, tribute, a society or company where payment was made for its charge and support, fr. AS. gildan, gieldan, to pay. See <er>Yield</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An association of men belonging to the same class, or engaged in kindred pursuits, formed for mutual aid and protection; a business fraternity or corporation; <as>as, the Stationers' <ex>Guild</ex>; the Ironmongers' <ex>Guild</ex></as>. They were originally licensed by the government, and endowed with special privileges and authority.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A guildhall.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A religious association or society, organized for charitable purposes or for assistance in parish work.</def>

<h1>Guildable</h1>
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<hw>Guild"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Liable to a tax.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Guilder</h1>
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<hw>Guil"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>gulden</ets>, orig., <ets>golden</ets>. Cf. <er>Golden</er>.]</ety> <def>A Dutch silver coin worth about forty cents; -- called also <altname>florin</altname> and <altname>gulden</altname>.</def>

<h1>Guildhall</h1>
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<hw>Guild"hall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The hall where a guild or corporation usually assembles; a townhall.</def>

<h1>Guile</h1>
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<hw>Guile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>guile</ets>, <ets>gile</ets>, OF. <ets>guile</ets>; of German origin, and the same word as E. <ets>wile</ets>. See <er>Wile</er>.]</ety> <def>Craft; deceitful cunning; artifice; duplicity; wile; deceit; treachery.</def>

<blockquote>Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no <b>guile</b>.
<i>John i. 47.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To wage by force or <b>guile</b> eternal war.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Guile</h1>
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<hw>Guile</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>guiler</ets>. See <er>Guile</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To disguise or conceal; to deceive or delude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Guileful</h1>
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<hw>Guile"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of guile; characterized by cunning, deceit, or treachery; guilty.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Guile"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Guile"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Guileless</h1>
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<hw>Guile"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from guile; artless.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Guile"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <wf>Guile"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Guilor</h1>
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<hw>Guil"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>guileor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A deceiver; one who deludes, or uses guile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Guillemet</h1>
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<hw>Guil"le*met`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A quotation mark.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Guillemot</h1>
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<hw>Guil"le*mot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several northern sea birds, allied to the auks. They have short legs, placed far back, and are expert divers and swimmers.</def>

<note>&hand; The common guillemots, or murres, belong to the genus <spn>Uria</spn> (as <spn>U. troile</spn>); the black or foolish guillemot (<spn>Cepphus grylle</spn>, formerly <i>Uria grylle</i>), is called also sea <altname>pigeon</altname> and <altname>eligny</altname>. See <er>Murre</er>.</note>

<h1>Guillevat</h1>
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<hw>Guil`le*vat"</hw> <tt>[?]</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>guilloire</ets> (fr. <ets>guiller</ets> to work, ferment)+ <ets>E</ets>. <ets>vat</ets>.]</ety> <def>A vat for fermenting liquors.</def>

<h1>Guilloche</h1>
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<hw>Guil"loche`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>guillochis</ets>; -- said to be fr. <ets>Guillot</ets>, the inventor of a machine for carving it.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament in the form of two or more bands or strings twisted over each other in a continued series, leaving circular openings which are filled with round ornaments.</def>

<h1>Guilloched</h1>
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<hw>Guil*loched"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Waved or engine-turned.</def>

<i>Mollett.</i>

<h1>Guillotine</h1>
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<hw>Guil"lo*tine`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from <ets>Guillotin</ets>, a French physician, who proposed, in the Constituent Assembly of 1789, to abolish decapitation with the ax or sword. The instrument was invented by Dr. Antoine Louis, and was called at first <ets>Louison</ets> or <ets>Louisette</ets>. Similar machines, however, were known earlier.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A machine for beheading a person by one stroke of a heavy ax or blade, which slides in vertical guides, is raised by a cord, and let fall upon the neck of the victim.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any machine or instrument for cutting or shearing, resembling in its action a guillotine.</def>

<h1>Guillotine</h1>
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<hw>Guil"lo*tine`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Guillotined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Guillotining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>guillotiner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To behead with the guillotine.</def>

<h1>Guilt</h1>
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<hw>Guilt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gilt</ets>, <ets>gult</ets>, AS. <ets>gylt</ets>, crime; probably originally signifying, the fine or mulct paid for an offence, and afterward the offense itself, and akin to AS. <ets>gieldan</ets> to pay, E. <ets>yield</ets>. See <er>Yield</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The criminality and consequent exposure to punishment resulting from willful disobedience of law, or from morally wrong action; teh state of one who has broken a moral or political law; crime; criminality; offense against right.</def>

<blockquote>Satan had not answer, but stood struck
With <b>guilt</b> of his own sin.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exposure to any legal penalty or forfeiture.</def>

<blockquote>A ship incurs <b>guilt</b> by the violation of a blockade.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Guiltily</h1>
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<hw>Guilt"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a guilty manner.</def>

<h1>Guiltiness</h1>
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<hw>Guilt"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being guilty.</def>

<h1>Guiltless</h1>
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<hw>Guilt"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Free from guilt; innocent.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord will not hold him <b>guiltless</b> that taketh his name in vain.
<i>Ex. xx. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without experience or trial; unacquainted (with).</def>

<blockquote>Such gardening tools, as art, yet rude,
Guiltless of fire, had formed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Guilt"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Guilt"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Guilt-sick</h1>
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<hw>Guilt"-sick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made sick by consciousness of guilt.</def> "A <i>guilt-sick</i> conscience."

<i>Beau. c& El. </i>

<h1>Guilty</h1>
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<hw>Guilt"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Gultier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Guiltiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>gyltig</ets> liable. See <er>Guilt</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having incurred guilt; criminal; morally delinquent; wicked; chargeable with, or responsible for, something censurable; justly exposed to penalty; -- used with <i>of</i>, and usually followed by the crime, sometimes by the punishment.</def>

<blockquote>They answered and said, He is <b>guilty</b> of death.
<i>Matt. xxvi. 66.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor he, nor you, were <b>guilty</b> of the strife.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Evincing or indicating guilt; involving guilt; <as>as, a <ex>guilty</ex> look; a <ex>guilty</ex> act; a <ex>guilty</ex> feeling.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Conscious; cognizant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson. </i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Condemned to payment.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Guiltylike</h1>
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<hw>Guilt"y*like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Guiltily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Guinea</h1>
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<hw>Guin"ea</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A district on the west coast of Africa (formerly noted for its export of gold and slaves) after which the <i>Guinea fowl</i>, <i>Guinea grass</i>, <i>Guinea peach</i>, etc., are named.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gold coin of England current for twenty-one shillings sterling, or about five dollars, but not coined since the issue of sovereigns in 1817.</def>

<blockquote>The guinea, so called from the Guinea gold out of which it
was first struck, was proclaimed in 1663, and to go for twenty shillings; but it never went for less than twenty-one shillings.
<i>Pinkerton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Guinea corn</col><cd>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> See <er>Durra</er>.</cd> -- <col>Guinea Current</col> <fld>(Geog.)</fld>, <cd>a current in the Atlantic Ocean setting southwardly into the Bay of Benin on the coast of Guinea.</cd>-- <col>Guinea dropper</col><cd> one who cheats by dropping counterfeit guineas. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Gay</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Guinea fowl</col>, <col>Guinea hen</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an African gallinaceous bird, of the genus <spn>Numida</spn>, allied to the pheasants. The common domesticated species (<spn>N. meleagris</spn>), has a colored fleshy horn on each aide of the head, and is of a dark gray color, variegated with small white spots. The crested Guinea fowl (<spn>N. cristata</spn>) is a finer species.</cd>-- <col>Guinea grains</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>grains of Paradise, or amomum. See <er>Amomum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Guinea grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tall strong forage grass (<spn>Panicum jumentorum</spn>) introduced. from Africa into the West Indies and Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Guinea-hen flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a liliaceous flower (<spn>Fritillaria Meleagris</spn>) with petals spotted like the feathers of the Guinea hen.</cd> -- <col>Guinea peach</col><cd>. See under <er>Peach</er>.</cd> -- <col>Guinea pepper</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the pods of the <spn>Xylopia aromatica</spn>, a tree of the order <spn>Anonace\'91</spn>, found in tropical West Africa. They are also sold under the name of <spn>Piper \'92thiopicum</spn>.</cd> --<col>Guinea pig</col><cd>. <note>[Prob. a mistake for <i>Guiana pig</i>.]</note> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> A small Brazilian rodent (<spn>Cavia cobaya</spn>), about seven inches in length and usually of a white color, with spots of orange and black.<-- called also cavy -- used commonly as an experimental animal in laboratory research. (c). metaphorically, any animal or person used in an experiment; -- often applied to people who are unwillingly or unknowingly subjected by authorities to policies or procedures which might cause bodily or mental harm. --> <sd>(b)</sd> A contemptuous sobriquet. <i>Smollett</i><-- obs in this sense now. -->.</cd> -- <col>Guinea plum</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the fruit of <spn>Parinarium excelsum</spn>, a large West African tree of the order <spn>Chrysobalane\'91</spn>, having a scarcely edible fruit somewhat resembling a plum, which is also called <altname>gray plum</altname> and <altname>rough-skin plum</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Guinea worm</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a long and slender African nematoid worm (<spn>Filaria Medinensis</spn>) of a white color. It lives in the cellular tissue of man, beneath the skin, and produces painful sores.</cd></cs>

<h1>Guipure</h1>
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<hw>Gui*pure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A term used for lace of different kinds; most properly for a lace of large pattern and heavy material which has no ground or mesh, but has the pattern held together by connecting threads called <i>bars</i> or <i>brides</i>.</def>

<h1>Guirland</h1>
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<hw>Guir"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Garland</er>.</def>

<h1>Guise</h1>
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<hw>Guise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>guise</ets>, <ets>gise</ets>, way, manner, F. <ets>guise</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>w\'c6sa</ets>, G. <ets>weise</ets>. See <er>Wise</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Customary way of speaking or acting; custom; fashion; manner; behavior; mien; mode; practice; -- often used formerly in such phrases as: <as>at his own <ex>guise</ex>; that is, in his own fashion, to suit himself</as>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>The swain replied, "It never was our <b>guise</b>
To slight the poor, or aught humane despise."
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>External appearance in manner or dress; appropriate indication or expression; garb; shape.</def>

<blockquote>As then the <b>guise</b> was for each gentle swain.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A . . . specter, in a far more terrific <b>guise</b> than any which
ever yet have overpowered the imagination.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Cover; cloak; <as>as, under the <ex>guise</ex> of patriotism</as>.</def>

<h1>Guiser</h1>
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<hw>Guis"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Guise</er>.]</ety> <def>A person in disguise; a masker; a mummer.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Guitar</h1>
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<hw>Gui*tar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>guitare</ets>; cf. Pr., Sp., & Pg.<ets>guitarra</ets>, It. <ets>chitarra</ets>; all fr. Gr. <?/; cf. L. <ets>cithara</ets>. Cf. <er>Cittern</er>, <er>Gittern</er>.]</ety> <def>A stringed instrument of music resembling the lute or the violin, but larger, and having six strings, three of silk covered with silver wire, and three of catgut, -- played upon with the fingers.</def>

<h1>Guitguit</h1>
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<hw>Guit"guit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from its note.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of small tropical American birds of the family <spn>C\'d2rebid\'91</spn>, allied to the creepers; -- called also <altname>quit</altname>. See <er>Quit</er>.</def>

<h1>Gula</h1>
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<hw>Gu"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Gul\'92</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Gulas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., the throat, gullet.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The upper front of the neck, next to the chin; the upper throat.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A plate which in most insects supports the submentum.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A capping molding. Same as <er>Cymatium</er>.</def>

<h1>Gular</h1>
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<hw>Gu"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>gulaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the gula or throat; <as>as, <ex>gular</ex> plates</as>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Bird</er>, and <er>Bowfin</er>.</def>

<h1>Gulaund</h1>
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<hw>Gu"laund</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>gul-\'94nd</ets>.]</ety> <def>An arctic sea bird.</def>

<h1>Gulch</h1>
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<hw>Gulch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of gulching or gulping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A glutton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A ravine, or part of the deep bed of a torrent when dry; a gully.</def>

<h1>Gulch</h1>
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<hw>Gulch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gulchen</ets>; cf. dial. Sw. <ets>g\'94lka</ets> to <ets>gulch</ets>, D. <ets>gulzig</ets> greedy, or E. <ets>gulp</ets>.]</ety> <def>To swallow greedily; to gulp down.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Guid</h1>
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<hw>Guid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flower. See <er>Gold</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gulden</h1>
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<hw>Gul"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Guilder</er>.</def>

<h1>Gule</h1>
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<hw>Gule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give the color of gules to.</def>

<h1>Gule</h1>
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<hw>Gule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The throat; the gullet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Throats so wide and <b>gules</b> so gluttonous.
<i>Gauden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gules</h1>
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<hw>Gules</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>goules</ets>, F. <ets>gueules</ets>, the same word as gueule throat, OF. <ets>gole</ets>, <ets>goule</ets>, L. <ets>gula</ets>. So named from the red color of the throat. See <er>Gullet</er>, and cf. <er>Gula</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The tincture red, indicated in seals and engraved figures of escutcheons by parallel vertical lines. Hence, used poetically for a red color or that which is red.</def>

<blockquote>His sev'n-fold targe a field of <b>gules</b> did stain
In which two swords he bore; his word,
"Divide and reign."
<i>P. Fletcher. </i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Follow thy drum;
With man's blood paint the ground; <b>gules</b>, <b>gules</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let's march to rest and set in <b>gules</b>, like suns.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gulf</h1>
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<hw>Gulf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>golfe</ets>, It. <ets>golfo</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> bosom, bay, gulf, LGr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hollow place in the earth; an abyss; a deep chasm or basin,</def>

<blockquote>He then surveyed
Hell and the <b>gulf</b> between.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Between us and you there is a great gulf fixed.
<i>Luke xvi. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which swallows; the gullet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which swallows irretrievably; a whirlpool; a sucking eddy.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>gulf</b> of ruin, swallowing gold.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>A portion of an ocean or sea extending into the land; a partially land-locked sea; <as>as, the <ex>Gulf</ex> of Mexico</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A large deposit of ore in a lode.</def>

<cs><col>Gulf Stream</col> <fld>(Geog.)</fld>, <cd>the warm ocean current of the North Atlantic.</cd> <note>It originates in the westward equatorial current, due to the trade winds, is deflected northward by Cape St. Roque through the Gulf of Mexico, and flows parallel to the coast of North America, turning eastward off the island of Nantucket. Its average rate of flow is said to be about two miles an hour. The similar Japan current, or <i>Kuro-Siwo</i>, is sometimes called the <i>Gulf Stream</i> of the Pacific.</note> -- <col>Gulf weed</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a branching seaweed (<spn>Sargassum bacciferum</spn>, or sea grape), having numerous berrylike air vessels, -- found in the Gulf Stream, in the Sargasso Sea, and elsewhere.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gulfy</h1>
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<hw>Gulf"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of whirlpools or gulfs.</def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Gulgul</h1>
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<hw>Gul"gul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>galgal</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cement made in India from sea shells, pulverized and mixed with oil, and spread over a ship's bottom, to prevent the boring of worms.</def>

<h1>Gulist</h1>
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<hw>Gu"list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gulo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A glutton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gull</h1>
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<hw>Gull</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gulled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gulling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>gull</ets> the bird; but cf. OSw. <ets>gylla</ets> to deceive, D. <ets>kullen</ets>, and E. <ets>cullibility</ets>.]</ety> <def>To deceive; to cheat; to mislead; to trick; to defraud.</def>

<blockquote>The rulgar, <b>gulled</b> into rebellion, armed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I'm not <b>gulling</b> him for the emperor's service.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gull</h1>
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<hw>Gull</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cheating or cheat; trick; fraud.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One easily cheated; a dupe.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Gull</h1>
<Xpage=657>

<hw>Gull</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Celtic origin; cf. Corn. <ets>gullan</ets>, W. <ets>gwylan</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of many species of long-winged sea birds of the genus <spn>Larus</spn> and allied genera.</def>

<note>&hand; Among the best known American species are the herring gull (<spn>Larus argentatus</spn>), the great black-backed gull (<spn>L. murinus</spn>) the laughing gull (<spn>L. atricilla</spn>), and Bonaparte's gull (<spn>L. Philadelphia</spn>). The common European gull is <spn>Larus canus</spn>.</note>

<cs><col>Gull teaser</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the jager; -- also applied to certain species of terns.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gullage</h1>
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<hw>Gull"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of being gulled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Had you no quirk.
To avoid <b>gullage</b>, sir, by such a creature?
<i>B. Jonson</i></blockquote>

<h1>Guller</h1>
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<hw>Gull"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gulls; a deceiver.</def>

<h1>Gullery</h1>
<Xpage=657>

<hw>Gull"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An act, or the practice, of gulling; trickery; fraud.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  "A mere <i>gullery</i>."

<i>Selden.</i>

<h1>Gullet</h1>
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<hw>Gul"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>golet</ets>, OF. <ets>Goulet</ets>, dim. of <ets>gole</ets>, <ets>goule</ets>, <ets>throat</ets>, F. <ets>gueule</ets>, L. <ets>gula</ets>; perh. akin to Skr. <ets>gula</ets>, G. <ets>kenle</ets>; cf. F. <ets>goulet</ets> the neck of a bottle, <ets>goulotte</ets> channel gutter. Cf. <er>Gules</er>, <er>Gully</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The tube by which food and drink are carried from the pharynx to the stomach; the esophagus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something shaped like the food passage, or performing similar functions</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A channel for water</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>A preparatory cut or channel in excavations, of sufficient width for the passage of earth wagons</def>.  <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A concave cut made in the teeth of some saw blades.</def>

<hr>
<page="658">
Page 658<p>

<h1>Gulleting</h1>
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<hw>Gul"let*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>A system of excavating by means of gullets or channels.</def>

<h1>Gullible</h1>
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<hw>Gul"li*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Easily gulled; that may be duped.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Gul"li*bii`i*ty</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Gullish</h1>
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<hw>Gull"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Foolish; stupid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<wordforms><wf>Gull"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Gully</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gul"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gulles</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Etymol</ets>. <ets>uncertain</ets>]</ety> <def>A large knife.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.  </i>

<h1>Gully</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gul"ly</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gullies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Formerly gullet</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A channel or hollow worn in the earth by a current of water; a short deep portion of a torrent's bed when dry.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A grooved iron rail or tram plate.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>Gully gut</col>, <cd>a glutton.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chapman</i>. -- <col>Gully hole</col>, <cd>the opening through which gutters discharge surface water.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gully</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gul"ly</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gullied</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. &  vb. n</tt>. <er>Gullying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To wear into a gully or into gullies.</def><-- = wear down, not wear as clothing! -->

<h1>Gully</h1>
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<hw>Gul"ly</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To flow noisily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Gulosity</h1>
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<hw>Gu*los"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gulositas</ets>, fr. <ets>gulosus</ets> gluttonous. See <er>Gullet</er>.]</ety> <def>Excessive appetite; greediness; voracity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.  </i>

<h1>Gulp</h1>
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<hw>Gulp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gulped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gulping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D. <ets>gulpen</ets>, cf. OD. <ets>golpe gulf</ets>.]</ety> <def>To swallow eagerly, or in large draughts; to swallow up; to take down at one swallow.</def>

<blockquote>He does not swallow, but he <b>gulps</b> it down.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The old man . . . glibly <b>gulped</b> down the whole narrative.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To gulp up</col>, <cd>to throw up from the stomach; to disgorge.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gulp</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gulp</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of taking a large mouthful; a swallow, or as much as is awallowed at once.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A disgorging.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Gulph</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gulph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Gulf</er>.</def>

<h1>Gult</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gult</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Guilt. See <er>Guilt</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gulty</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gult"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Guilty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Guly</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gul"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to gules; red.</def> "Those fatal <i>guly</i> dragons."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Gum</h1>
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<hw>Gum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gome</ets>, AS. <ets>gama</ets> palate; akin Co G. g<ets>aumen</ets>, OHG. <ets>goumo</ets>, <ets>guomo</ets>, Icel. <ets>g<?/mr</ets>, Sw.  <ets>gom</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ to gape.]</ety> <def>The dense tissues which invest the teeth, and cover the adjacent parts of the jaws.</def>

<cs><col>Gum rash</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>strophulus in a teething child; red gum.</cd> -- <col>Gum stick</col>, <cd>a smooth hard substance for children to bite upon while teething.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gum</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gum</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw). See <er>Gummer</er>.</def>

<h1>Gum</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gum</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gomme</ets>, <ets>gumme</ets>, F. <ets>gomme</ets>, L. <ets>gummi</ets> and commis, fr. Gr. <?/, prob. from an Egyptian form <ets>kam<?/</ets>; cf. It. <er>gomma</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A vegetable secretion of many trees or plants that hardens when it exudes, but is soluble in water; <as>as, <ex>gum</ex> arabic; <ex>gum</ex> tragacanth; the <ex>gum</ex> of the cherry tree</as>. Also, with less propriety, exudations that are not soluble in water; <as>as, <ex>gum</ex> copal and <ex>gum</ex> sandarac, which are really resins</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gum tree</er>, <er>below</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive; also, a vessel or bin made of a hollow log.</def> <mark>[Southern U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A rubber overshoe.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<cs><mcol><col>Black gum</col>, <col>Blue gum</col>, <col>British gum</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Black</er>, <er>Blue</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Gum Acaroidea</col>, <cd>the resinous gum of the Australian grass tree (<spn>Xanlhorrh\'d2a</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Gum animal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the galago of West Africa; -- so called because it feeds on gums. See <er>Galago</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gum animi or anim\'82</col>. <cd>See <er>Anim\'82</er>.</cd>  -- <col>Gum arabic</col><cd>, a gum yielded mostly by several species of <spn>Acacia</spn> (chiefly <spn>A. vera</spn> and <spn>A. Arabica</spn>) growing in Africa and Southern Asia; -- called also <altname>gum acacia</altname>. East Indian gum arabic comes from a tree of the Orange family which bears the elephant apple.</cd> -- <col>Gum butea</col>, <cd>a gum yielded by the Indian plants <spn>Butea frondosa</spn> and <spn>B. superba</spn>, and used locally in tanning and in precipitating indigo.</cd> --  <col>Gum cistus</col>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Cistus</spn> (<spn>Cistus ladaniferus</spn>), a species of rock rose.</cd>-- <col>Gum dragon</col>. <cd>See <er>Tragacanth</er>.</cd>  -- <mcol><col>Gum elastic</col>, <col>Elastic gum</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Caoutchouc</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gum elemi</col>. <cd>See <er>Elemi</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gum juniper</col>. <cd>See <er>Sandarac</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gum kino</col>. <cd>See under <er>Kino</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gum lac</col>. <cd>See <er>Lac</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gum Ladanum</col><cd>, a fragrant gum yielded by several Oriental species of Cistus or rock rose.</cd> -- <col>Gum passages</col>, <cd>sap receptacles extending through the parenchyma of certain plants (<spn>Amygdalace\'91</spn>, <spn>Cactace\'91</spn>, etc.), and affording passage for gum.</cd> -- <col>Gum pot</col><cd>, a varnish maker's utensil for melting gum and mixing other ingredients.</cd> -- <col>Gum resin</col>, <cd>the milky juice of a plant solidified by exposure to air; one of certain inspissated saps, mixtures of, or having properties of, gum and resin; a resin containing more or less mucilaginous and gummy matter.</cd> -- <col>Gum sandarac</col>. <cd>See <er>Sandarac</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gum Senegal</col><cd>, a gum similar to gum arabic, yielded by trees (<spn>Acacia Verek</spn> and <spn>A. Adansoni\'84</spn>) growing in the Senegal country, West Africa.</cd> -- <col>Gum tragacanth</col>. <cd>See <er>Tragacanth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gum tree</col>, <cd>the name given to several trees in America and Australia</cd>: <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The black gum (<spn>Nyssa multiflora</spn>), one of the largest trees of the Southern States, bearing a small blue fruit, the favorite food of the opossum.</cd> Most of the large trees become hollow. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of the genus <spn>Eucalyptus.</spn></cd> See <er>Eucalpytus.</er> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The sweet gum tree of the United States (<spn>Liquidambar styraciflua</spn>), a large and beautiful tree with pointedly lobed leaves and woody burlike fruit. It exudes an aromatic terebinthine juice.</cd> -- <col>Gum water</col>, <cd>a solution of gum, esp. of gum arabic, in water.</cd> -- <col>Gum wood</col>, <cd>the wood of any gum tree, esp. the wood of the <spn>Eucalyptus piperita</spn>, of New South Wales.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gum</h1>
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<hw>Gum</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. &. p.</tt> <er>Gummed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gumming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To smear with gum; to close with gum; to unite or stiffen by gum or a gumlike substance; to make sticky with a gumlike substance.</def>

<blockquote>He frets likke a <b>gummed</b> velvet.Shak.

<h1>Gum</h1>
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<hw>Gum</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To exude or from gum; to become gummy.</def>

<h1>Gumbo</h1>
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<hw>Gum"bo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written aalso <ets>gombo</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A soup thickened with the mucilaginous pods of the okra; okra soup.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The okra plant or its pods.</def>

<h1>Gumboil</h1>
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<hw>Gum"boil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A small suppurting inflamed spot on the gum.</def>

<h1>Gumma</h1>
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<hw>Gum"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gummata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. So called from its gummy contents See <er>Gum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of soft tumor, usually of syphilitic origin.</def>

<h1>Gummatous</h1>
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<hw>Gum*ma"tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, gumma.</def>

<h1>Gummer</h1>
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<hw>Gum"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>2d Gum</er>.]</ety> <def>A punch-cutting tool, or machine for deepening and enlarging the spaces between the teeth of a worn saw.</def>

<h1>Gummiferous</h1>
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<hw>Gum*mif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. gummi <ets>gum</ets>  + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing gum; gum-bearing.</def>

<h1>Gumminess</h1>
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<hw>Gum"mi*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being gummy; viscousness.</def>

<h1>Gummite</h1>
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<hw>Gum"mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called because it occurs in rounded or flattened pieces which look like gum.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A yellow amorphous mineral, essentially a hydrated oxide of uranium derived from the alteration of uraninite.</def>

<h1>Gummosity</h1>
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<hw>Gum*mos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Gumminess; a viscous or adhesive quality or nature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Floyer.</i>

<h1>Gummous</h1>
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<hw>Gum"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gummosus</ets>; cf. F.  <ets>gommeux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Gumlike, or composed of gum; gummy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a gumma.</def>

<h1>Gummy</h1>
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<hw>Gum"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Compar. <er>Gummer</er> (<?/); superl. <er>Gummirst</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of gum; viscous; adhesive; producing or containing gum; covered with gum or a substance resembling gum.</def>

<blockquote>Kindles the <b>gummy</b> bark of fir or pine.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Then rubs his <b>gummy</b> eyes.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Gummy tumor</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a gumma.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gump</h1>
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<hw>Gump</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sw. & Dan. <ets>gump</ets> buttocks, rump, Icel. <ets>gumprg</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dolt; a dunce.</def> <mark>[Low.]</mark>

<i>Holloway.</i>

<h1>Gumption</h1>
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<hw>Gump"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gom</ets>, <ets>gome</ets>, attention; akin to AS. <ets>ge\'a2mian</ets>, <ets>gyman</ets>, to regard, observe, <ets>gyme</ets> care, OS. <ets>gomean</ets> to heed, Goth. <ets>gaumjan</ets> to see, notice.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capacity; shrewdness; common sense.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark><-- in MW10 marked as chiefly dial. -->

<blockquote>One does not have <b>gumption</b> till one has been properly cheated.
<i>Lord Lytton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The art of preparing colors.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott. </i>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Megilp</def>. <i>Fairholt.</i>

<-- 3. initiative = primary modern usage -->

<h1>Gun</h1>
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<hw>Gun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gonne</ets>, <ets>gunne</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. Ir., <er>Gael</er>.) A LL. <ets>gunna</ets>, W. <ets>gum</ets>; possibly (like cannon) fr. L. <ets>canna</ets> reed, tube; or abbreviated fr. OF. <ets>mangonnel</ets>, E. <ets>mangonel</ets>, a machine for hurling stones.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A weapon which throws or propels a missile to a distance; any firearm or instrument for throwing projectiles by the explosion of gunpowder, consisting of a tube or barrel closed at one end, in which the projectile is placed, with an explosive charge behind, which is ignited by various means. Muskets, rifles, carbines, and fowling pieces are smaller guns, for hand use, and are called <stype>small arms</stype>.  Larger guns are called <stype>cannon</stype>, <stype>ordnance</stype>, <stype>fieldpieces</stype>, <stype>carronades</stype>, <stype>howitzers</stype>, etc. See these terms in the Vocabulary.</def>

<blockquote>As swift as a pellet out of a gunne
When fire is in the powder runne.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The word <b>gun</b> was in use in England for an engine to cast a thing from a man long before there was any gunpowder found out.
<i>Selden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A piece of heavy ordnance; in a restricted sense, a cannon.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Violent blasts of wind.</def>

<note>&hand; Guns are classified, according to their construction or manner of loading as <stype>rifled</stype> or <stype>smoothbore</stype>, <stype>breech-loading</stype> or <stype>muzzle-loading</stype>, <stype>cast</stype> or <stype>built-up guns</stype>; or according to their use, as <stype>field</stype>, <stype>mountain</stype>, <stype>prairie</stype>, <stype>seacoast</stype>, and <stype>siege guns</stype>.</note>

<cs><col>Armstrong gun</col>, <cd>a wrought iron breech-loading cannon named after its English inventor, Sir William <i>Armstrong</i>.</cd> -- <col>Great gun</col>, <cd>a piece of heavy ordnance</cd>; hence  (Fig.), <cd>a person superior in any way.</cd> -- <col>Gun barrel</col>, <cd>the barrel or tube of a gun.</cd> -- <col>Gun carriage</col>, <cd> the carriage on which a gun is mounted or moved.</cd> -- <col>Gun cotton</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a general name for a series of explosive nitric ethers of cellulose, obtained by steeping cotton in nitric and sulphuric acids. Although there are formed substances containing nitric acid radicals, yet the results exactly resemble ordinary cotton in appearance. It burns without ash, with explosion if confined, but quietly and harmlessly if free and open, and in small quantity. Specifically, the lower nitrates of cellulose which are insoluble in ether and alcohol in distinction from the highest (<i>pyroxylin<i>) which is soluble. See <er>Pyroxylin</er>, and cf. <er>Xyloidin</er>. The gun cottons are used for blasting and somewhat in gunnery: for making celluloid when compounded with camphor; and the soluble variety (<i>pyroxylin<i>) for making collodion. See <er>Celluloid</er>, and <er>Collodion</er>. Gun cotton is frequenty but improperly called <i>nitrocellulose<i>. It is not a <it>nitro<it> compound, but an <it>ethereal salt<it> of nitric acid.</cd> -- <col>Gun deck</col>. <cd>See under <er>Deck</er>.</cd> -- <col>Gun fire</col>, <cd>the time at which the morning or the evening gun is fired. -- <col>Gun metal</col>, <cd>a bronze, ordinarily composed of nine parts of copper and one of tin, used for cannon, etc.  The name is also given to certain strong mixtures of cast iron.</cd> -- <col>Gun port</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an opening in a ship through which a cannon's muzzle is run out for firing.</cd> -- <col>Gun tackle</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the blocks and pulleys affixed to the side of a ship, by which a gun carriage is run to and from the gun port.</cd> -- <col>Gun tackle purchase</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a tackle composed of two single blocks and a fall. <i>Totten</i>.</cd> -- <col>Krupp gun</col>, <cd>a wrought steel breech-loading cannon, named after its German inventor, Herr Krupp.</cd> -- <col>Machine gun</col>, <cd>a breech-loading gun or a group of such guns, mounted on a carriage or other holder, and having a reservoir containing cartridges which are loaded into the gun or guns and fired in rapid succession, sometimes in volleys, by machinery operated by turning a crank. Several hundred shots can be fired in a minute with accurate aim. The <stype>Gatling gun</stype>, <stype>Gardner gun</stype>, <stype>Hotchkiss gun</stype>, and <stype>Nordenfelt gun</stype>, named for their inventors, and the French <stype>mitrailleuse</stype>, are <ex>machine guns</ex>.</cd> -- <col>To blow great guns</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to blow a gale. See <er>Gun</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gun</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To practice fowling or hunting small game; -- chiefly in participial form; <as>as, to go gunning</as>.</def>

<-- gun for = pursue with the intent to kill; Fig., to make effort to harm someone, also used humorously; (MW10: "to aim at or go after with determination or effort") -->

<h1>Guna</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gu"na</hw> <tt>(g&oomac;"n&adot;)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>guna</ets> quality.]</ety> <def>In Sanskrit grammar, a lengthening of the simple vowels <it>a</it>, <it>i</it>, <it>e</it>, by prefixing an <it>a</it> element. The term is sometimes used to denote the same vowel change in other languages.</def>

<h1>Gunarchy</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gu"nar*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gynarchy</er>.</def>

<h1>Gunboat</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gun"boat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Nav.)</fld> <def>A vessel of light draught, carrying one or more guns.</def>

<h1>Guncotton</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gun"cot`ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Gun</er>.</def>

<h1>Gundelet</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gun"de*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Gondola</er>.</def>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Gunflint</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gun"flint`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sharpened flint for the lock of a gun, to ignite the charge. It was in common use before the introduction of percussion caps.</def>
<-- used in the flintlock -->

<h1>Gunjah</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gun"jah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ganja</er>.</def>

<h1>Gunlock</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gun"lock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The lock of a gun, for producing the discharge. See <er>Lock</er>.</def>

<h1>Gunnage</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gun"nage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The number of guns carried by a ship of war.</def>

<h1>Gunnel</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gun"nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gunwale</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A gunwale.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, eel-shaped, marine fish of the genus Mur\'91noides; esp., M. gunnellus of Europe and America; -- called also gunnel fish, butterfish, rock eel.</def>

<h1>Gunner</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gun"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who works a gun, whether on land or sea; a cannoneer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A warrant officer in the navy having charge of the ordnance on a vessel.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The great northern diver or loon. See <er>Loon</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The sea bream.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. or Irish]</mark>

<cs><col>Gunner's daughter</col>, <cd>the gun to which men or boys were lashed for punishment. <mark>[Sailor's slang]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>W. C. Russell.</i>

<h1>Gunnery</h1>
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<hw>Gun"ner*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That branch of military science which comprehends the theory of projectiles, and the manner of constructing and using ordnance.</def>

<h1>Gunnie</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gun"nie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>Space left by the removal of ore.</def>

<h1>Gunning</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gun"ning</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or practice of hunting or shooting game with a gun.</def>

<blockquote>The art of <b>gunning</b> was but little practiced.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<mhw><h1>Gunny, n., Gunny cloth</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gun"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Gun"ny cloth`</hw></mhw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[Hind. <ets>gon</ets>, <ets>gon<?/</ets>,, a sack, sacking.]</ety> <def>A strong, coarse kind of sacking, made from the fibers (called jute) of two plants of the genus <spn>Corchorus</spn> (<spn>C. olitorius</spn> and <spn>C. capsularis</spn>), of India. The fiber is also used in the manufacture of cordage.</def>

<cs><col>Gunny bag</col>, <cd>a sack made of gunny, used for coarse commodities.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gunocracy</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gu*noc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gyneocracy</er>.</def>

<h1>Gunpowder</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gun"pow`der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A black, granular, explosive substance, consisting of an intimate mechanical mixture of niter, charcoal, and sulphur. It is used in gunnery and blasting.</def>

<note>&hand; Gunpowder consists of from 70 to 80 per cent of niter, with 10 to 15 per cent of each of the other ingredients. Its explosive energy is due to the fact that it contains the necessary amount of oxygen for its own combustion, and liberates gases (chiefly nitrogen and carbon dioxide), which occupy a thousand or fifteen hundred times more space than the powder which generated them.</note>

<cs><col>Gunpowder pile driver</col>, <cd>a pile driver, the hammer of which is thrown up by the explosion of gunpowder.</cd> -- <col>Gunpowder plot</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a plot to destroy the King, Lords, and Commons, in revenge for the penal laws against Catholics. As Guy Fawkes, the agent of the conspirators, was about to fire the mine, which was placed under the House of Lords, he was seized, Nov. 5, 1605. Hence, Nov. 5 is known in England as <altname>Guy Fawkes Day</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Gunpowder tea</col>, <cd>a species of fine green tea, each leaf of which is rolled into a small ball or pellet.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gunreach</h1>
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<hw>Gun"reach`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The reach or distance to which a gun will shoot; gunshot.</def>

<h1>Gunroom</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gun"room`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An apartment on the after end of the lower gun deck of a ship of war, usually occupied as a messroom by the commissioned officers, except the captain; -- called wardroom in the United States navy.</def>

<h1>Gunshot</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gun"shot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of firing a gun; a shot.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The distance to which shot can be thrown from a gun, so as to be effective; the reach or range of a gun.</def>

<blockquote>Those who are come over to the royal party are supposed to be out of <b>gunshot</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gunshot</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gun"shot`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made by the shot of a gun: as. a <i>gunshot</i> wound.</def>

<h1>Gunsmith</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gun"smith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose occupation is to make or repair small firearms; an armorer.</def>

<h1>Gunsmithery, Gunsmith ing</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw><hw>Gunsmith`er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gun"smith` ing</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or business of a gunsmith.</def>

<h1>Gunstick</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gun"stick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stick to ram down the charge of a musket, etc.; a rammer or ramrod.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Gunstock</h1>
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<hw>Gun"stock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The stock or wood to which the barrel of a hand gun is fastened.</def>

<h1>Gunstome</h1>
<Xpage=658>

<hw>Gun"stome`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cannon ball; -- so called because originally made of stone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<hr>
<page="659">
Page 659<p>

<h1>Gunter rig</h1>
<Xpage=659>

<hw>Gun"ter rig`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A topmast arranged with metal bands so that it will readily slide up and down the lower mast.</def>

<h1>Gunter's chain</h1>
<Xpage=659>

<hw>Gun"ter's chain`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Surveying)</fld> <def>The chain ordinarily used in measuring land. See <er>Chain</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4, and <er>Gunter's scale</er>.</def>

<h1>Gunter's line</h1>
<Xpage=659>

<hw>Gun"ter's line`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A logarithmic line on Gunter's scale, used for performing the multiplication and division of numbers mechanically by the dividers; -- called also <altname>line of lines</altname>, and <altname>line of numbers</altname>.</def>

<h1>Gunter's quadrant</h1>
<Xpage=659>

<hw>Gun"ter's quad`rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A thin quadrant, made of brass, wood, etc., showing a stereographic projection on the plane of the equator. By it are found the hour of the day, the sun's azimuth, the altitude of objects in degrees, etc. See <er>Gunter's scale</er>.</def>

<h1>Gunter's scale</h1>
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<hw>Gun"ter's scale`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A scale invented by the Rev. Edmund <i>Gunter</i> (1581-1626), a professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London, who invented also <cref>Gunter's chain</cref>, and <cref>Gunter's quadrant</cref>.</def>

<note>&hand; Gunter's scale is a wooden rule, two feet long, on one side of which are marked scales of equal parts, of chords, sines, tangents, rhombs, etc., and on the other side scales of logarithms of these various parts, by means of which many problems in surveying and navigation may be solved, mechanically, by the aid of dividers alone.</note>

<h1>Gunwale</h1>
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<hw>Gun"wale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gun</ets> + <ets>wale</ets>. So named because the upper guns were pointed from it.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The upper edge of a vessel's or boat's side; the uppermost wale of a ship (not including the bulwarks); or that piece of timber which reaches on either side from the quarter-deck to the forecastle, being the uppermost bend, which finishes the upper works of the hull.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gunnel</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Gurge</h1>
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<hw>Gurge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gurges</ets>.]</ety> <def>A whirlpool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The plain, wherein a black bituminous gurge
Boils out from under ground.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gurge</h1>
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<hw>Gurge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See Gorge.]</ety> <def>To swallow up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gurgeons</h1>
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<hw>Gur"geons</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Grudgeons</er>.</def>

<h1>Gurgle</h1>
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<hw>Gur"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gurgled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gurgling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>gorgogliare</ets> to gargle, bubble up, fr. L. <ets>gurgulio</ets> gullet. Cf. <er>Gargle</er>, <er>Gorge</er>.]</ety> <def>To run or flow in a broken, irregular, noisy current, as water from a bottle, or a small stream among pebbles or stones.</def>

<blockquote>Pure gurgling rills the lonely desert trace,
And waste their music on the savage race.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gurgle</h1>
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<hw>Gur"gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of gurgling; a broken, bubbling noise. "Tinkling gurgles."</def>

<i>W. Thompson.</i>

<h1>Gurglet</h1>
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<hw>Gur"glet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Goglet</er>.]</ety> <def>A porous earthen jar for cooling water by evaporation.</def>

<h1>Gurgling-ly</h1>
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<hw>Gur"gling-ly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a gurgling manner.</def>

<h1>Gurgoyle</h1>
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<hw>Gur"goyle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gargoyle</er>.</def>

<h1>Gurjun</h1>
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<hw>Gur"jun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thin balsam or wood oil derived from the <i>Diptcrocarpus l\'91vis</i>, an East Indian tree. It is used in medicine, and as a substitute for linseed oil in the coarser kinds of paint.</def>

<h1>Gurl</h1>
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<hw>Gurl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A young person of either sex. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Girl</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gurlet</h1>
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<hw>Gur"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>A pickax with one sharp point and one cutting edge.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Gurmy</h1>
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<hw>Gur"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A level; a working.</def>

<h1>Gurnard, Gurnet</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gur"nard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gur"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>gornal</ets>, <ets>gournal</ets>, <ets>gornart</ets>, perh. akin to F. <ets>grogner</ets> to <ets>grunt</ets>; cf. Ir. <ets>guirnead</ets> gurnard.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One ofseveral European marine fishes, of the genus Trigla and allied genera, having a large and spiny head, with mailed cheeks. Some of the species are highly esteemed for food. The name is sometimes applied to the American sea robins.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gournet</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Plyling gurnard</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flying</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gurniad</h1>
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<hw>Gur"ni*ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gwiniad</er>.</def>

<h1>Gurry</h1>
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<hw>Gur"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An alvine evacuation; also, refuse matter.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Local]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Gurry</h1>
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<hw>Gur"ry`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>garh\'c6</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small fort</def>. <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Gurt</h1>
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<hw>Gurt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A gutter or channel for water, hewn out of the bottom of a working drift.</def>

<i>Page.</i>

<h1>Gurts</h1>
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<hw>Gurts</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Grout</er>.]</ety> <def>Groatts.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gush</h1>
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<hw>Gush</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gushed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gushing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>guschen</ets>, cf. Icel. <ets>gusa</ets> and <ets>gjsa</ets>, also D. <ets>gucsen</ets>; perh. akin to AS. <ets>ge\'a2tan</ets> to pour, G. <ets>giessen</ets>, Goth. <ets>giutan</ets>, E. <ets>gut</ets>. Cf. <er>Found</er> to cast.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To issue with violence and rapidity, as a fluid; to rush forth as a fluid from confinement; to flow copiously.</def>

<blockquote>He smote the rock that the waters <b>gushed</b> out.
<i>Ps ixxviii 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A sea of blood <b>gushed</b> from the gaping wound.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a sentimental or untimely exhibition of affection; to display enthusiasm in a silly, demonstrative manner.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Gush</h1>
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<hw>Gush</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden and violent issue of a fluid from an inclosed plase; an emission of a liquid in a large quantity, and with force; the fluid thus emitted; a rapid outpouring of anything; <as>as, a <ex>gush</ex> of song from a bird</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>gush</b> of springs,
An fall of lofty foundains.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sentimental exhibition of affection or enthusiasm, etc.; effusive display of sentiment.</def> <mark>[Collog.]</mark>

<h1>Gusher</h1>
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<hw>Gush"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gushes.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Gushing</h1>
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<hw>Gush"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rushing forth with violence, as a fluid; flowing copiously; <as>as, <ex>gushing</ex> waters.</def> "<ex>Gushing</ex> blood</as>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Emitting copiously, as tears or words; weakly and unreservedly demonstrative in matters of affection; sentimental.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Gushingly</h1>
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<hw>Gush"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a gushing manner; copiously.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Weakly; sentimentally; effusively.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Gusset</h1>
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<hw>Gus"set</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gousset</ets> armpit, fob, <ets>gusset</ets>, dim. of <ets>gousse</ets> pod, husk; cf. It. <ets>guscio</ets> shell, or W. cwysed <ets>gore</ets>, gusset.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small piece of cloth inserted in a garment, for the purpose of strengthening some part or giving it a tapering enlargement.</def>

<blockquote>Seam and <b>gusset</b> and band.
<i>Hood.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything resembling a gusset in a garment</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Armor)</fld> <def>A small piece of chain mail at the openings of the joints beneath the arms</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A kind of bracket, or angular piece of iron, fastened in the angles of a structure to give strength or stiffness; esp., the part joining the barrel and the fire box of a locomotive boiler.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>An abatement or mark of dishonor in a coat of arms, resembling a gusset.</def>

<h1>Gust</h1>
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<hw>Gust</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>gustr</ets> a cool breeze. Cf. <er>Gush</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden squall; a violent blast of wind; a sudden and brief rushing or driving of the wind. Snow, and hail, stormy gust and flaw.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sudden violent burst of passion.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Gust</h1>
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<hw>Gust</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gustus</ets>; cf. It. & Sp. <ets>gusto</ets>. &root;46.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The sense or pleasure of tasting; relish; gusto.</def>

<blockquote>An ox will relish the tender flesh of kids with as much <b>gust</b> and appetite.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gratification of any kind, particularly that which is exquisitely relished; enjoyment.</def>

<blockquote>Destroy all creatures for thy sport or <b>gust.</b>
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Intellectual taste; fancy.</def>

<blockquote>A choice of it may be made according to the gust and manner of the ancients.

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Gust</h1>
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<hw>Gust</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>gustare</ets>, It. <ets>gustare</ets>, Sp. <ets>gustar</ets>. See <er>GUST</er> a relish.]</ety> <def>To taste; to have a relish for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gustable</h1>
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<hw>Gust"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gust</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being tasted; tastable.</def>

<blockquote>This position informs us of a vulgar error, terming the gall
bitter; whereas there is nothing <b>gustable</b> sweeter.
<i>Harvey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pleasant to the taste; toothsome; savory.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>gustable</b> thing, seen or smelt, excites the appetite, and affects the glands and parts of the mouth.
<i>Derham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gustable</h1>
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<hw>Gust"a*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything that can be tasted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gustard</h1>
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<hw>Gus"tard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The great bustard.</def>

<h1>Gustation</h1>
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<hw>Gus*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gustatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gustation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of tasting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne. </i>

<h1>Gustatory</h1>
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<hw>Gusta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or subservient to, the sense of taste; <as>as, the gustatory nerve which supplies the front of the tongue</as>.</def>

<h1>Gustful</h1>
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<hw>Gust"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tasteful; well-tasted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Sir K. Digby</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Gust"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Gustful</h1>
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<hw>Gust"ful</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gusty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>gustful</b> April morn.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gustless</h1>
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<hw>Gust"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tasteless; insipid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Gusto</h1>
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<hw>Gus"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. or Sp., fr. L. <ets>gustus</ets>; akin to E. <ets>choose</ets>. Cf. 2d <er>GUST</er>, <er>GOUR</er>.]</ety> <def>Nice or keen appreciation or enjoyment; relish; taste; fancy.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Gustoso</h1>
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<hw>Gus*to"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Tasteful; in a tasteful, agreeable manner.</def>

<h1>Gusty</h1>
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<hw>Gust"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Subject to, or characterized by, gusts or squalls; windy; stormy; tempestuous.</def>

<blockquote>Upon a raw and <b>gusty</b> day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gut</h1>
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<hw>Gut</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gut</ets>, <ets>got</ets>, AS. <ets>gut</ets>, prob. orig., a channel, and akin to <ets>ge\'a2tan</ets> to pour. See <er>FOUND</er> to cast.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A narrow passage of water; <as>as, the <ex>Gut</ex> of Canso</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An intenstine; a bowel; the whole alimentary canal; the enteron; (<pluf>pl.</pluf>) bowels; entrails.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of the prepared entrails of an animal, esp. of a sheep, used for various purposes. See <er>Catgut</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The sac of silk taken from a silkworm (when ready to spin its cocoon), for the purpose of drawing it out into a thread. This, when dry, is exceedingly strong, and is used as the snood of a fish line.</def>

<cs><col>Blind gut</col>. <cd>See <er>C\'92cum</er>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(b)</sd>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gut</h1>
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<hw>Gut</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gutted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gutting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take out the bowels from; to eviscerate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To plunder of contents; to destroy or remove the interior or contents of; <as>as, a mob <ex>gutted</ex> the bouse</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Tom Brown, of facetious memory, having <b>gutted</b> a proper
name of its vowels, used it as freely as he pleased.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gutta</h1>
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<hw>Gut"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gutt\'92</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A drop.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One of a series of ornaments, in the form of a frustum of a cone, attached to the lower part of the triglyphs, and also to the lower faces of the mutules, in the Doric order; -- called also <altname>campana</altname>, and <altname>drop</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Gutta serena</col> <ety>[L., lit. serene or clear drop]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>amaurosis.</cd> -- <col>Gutt\'91 band</col>> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the listel or band from which the gutt\'91 hang.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gutta-percha</h1>
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<hw>Gut"ta-per`cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>gutah</ets> gum + <ets>pertja</ets> the tree from which is it procured.]</ety> <def>A concrete juice produced by various trees found in the Malayan archipelago, especially by the <spn>Isonandra, &or;  Dichopsis, Gutta</spn>. It becomes soft, and unpressible at the tamperature of boiling water, and, on cooling, retains its new shape. It dissolves in oils and ethers, but not in water. In many of its properties it resembles caoutchouc, and it is extensively used for many economical purposes. The <spn>Mimusops globosa</spn> of Guiana also yields this material.</def>

<h1>Guttate</h1>
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<hw>Gut"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>guttatus</ets>. Cf. <er>Gutty</er>.]</ety> <def>Spotted, as if discolored by drops.</def>

<h1>Guttated</h1>
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<hw>Gut"ta*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Guttate</er>.]</ety> <def>Besprinkled with drops, or droplike spots.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Guttatrap</h1>
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<hw>Gut"ta*trap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The inspissated juice of a tree of the genus <spn>Artocarpus</spn> (<spn>A. incisa</spn>, or breadfruit tree), sometimes used in making birdlime, on account of its glutinous quality.</def>

<h1>Gutter</h1>
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<hw>Gut"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gotere</ets>, OF. <ets>goutiere</ets>, F. <ets>goutti\'8are</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>gote</ets>, <ets>goute</ets>, drop, F. <ets>goutte</ets>, fr. L. <ets>gutta</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A channel at the eaves of a roof for conveying away the rain; an eaves channel; an eaves trough.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small channel at the roadside or elsewhere, to lead off surface water.</def>

<blockquote><b>Gutters</b> running with ale.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any narrow channel or groove; <as>as, a gutter formed by erosion in the vent of a gun from repeated firing</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Gutter member</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an architectural member made by treating the outside face of the gutter in a decorative fashion, or by crowning it with ornaments, regularly spaced, like a diminutive battlement.</cd> -- <col>Gutter plane</col>, <cd>a carpenter's plane with a rounded bottom for planing out gutters.</cd> -- <col>Gutter snipe</col></mcol>, <cd>a neglected boy running at large; a street Arab. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd> -- <col>Gutter stick</col> <fld>(Printing)</fld>, <cd>one of the pieces of furniture which separate pages in a form.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gutter</h1>
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<hw>Gut*ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Guttered</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Guttering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut or form into small longitudinal hollows; to channel.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To supply with a gutter or gutters.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Gutter</h1>
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<hw>Gut"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become channeled, as a candle when the flame flares in the wind.</def>

<h1>Guttifer</h1>
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<hw>Gut"ti*fer`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>gutta</ets> drop+ <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant that exudes gum or resin.</def>

<h1>Guttiferous</h1>
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<hw>Gut*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Yielding gum or resinous substances.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to a natural order of trees and shrubs (<spn>Guttifer\'91</spn>) noted for their abounding in a resinous sap.</def>

<h1>Guttiform</h1>
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<hw>Gut"ti*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gutta</ets> a drop + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Drop-shaped, as a spot of color.</def>

<h1>Guttle</h1>
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<hw>Gut"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[From <er>GUT</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To put into the gut; to swallow greedily; to gorge; to gormandize. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> L'Estrange.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Guttler</h1>
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<hw>Gut"tler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A greedy eater; a glutton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Guttulous</h1>
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<hw>Gut"tu*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>guttula</ets> a little drop, dim. of <ets>gutta</ets> drop.]</ety> <def>In droplike form.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In its [hail's] <b>guttulous</b> descent from the air.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Guttural</h1>
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<hw>Gut"tur*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>guttur</ets> throat: cf. F. <ets>gutural</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the throat; formed in the throat; relating to, or characteristic of, a sound formed in the throat.</def>

<blockquote>Children are occasionally born with <b>guttural</b> swellings.
<i>W. Guthrie.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In such a sweet, <b>guttural</b> accent.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Guttural</h1>
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<hw>Gut"tur*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sound formed in the throat; esp., a sound formed by the aid of the back of the tongue, much retracted, and the soft palate; also, a letter representing such a sound.</def>

<h1>Gutturalism</h1>
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<hw>Gut"tur*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being guttural; <as>as, the <ex>gutturalism</ex> of A [in the 16th cent</as>.]</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Gutturality</h1>
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<hw>Gut"tur*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being guttural.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The old <i>gutturality</i> of k."

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Gutturalize</h1>
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<hw>Gut"tur*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To speak gutturally; to give a guttural sound to.</def>

<h1>Gutturally</h1>
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<hw>Gut"tur*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a guttural manner.</def>

<h1>Gutturalness</h1>
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<hw>Gut"tur*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being guttural.</def>

<h1>Gutturine</h1>
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<hw>Gut"tur*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>guttur</ets> throat.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the throat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Gutturine tumor."

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Gutturize</h1>
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<hw>Gut"tur*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>guttur</ets> throat.]</ety> <def>To make in the throat; to gutturalize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>For which the Germans gutturize a sound.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gutturo-</h1>
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<hw>Gut"tur*o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form denoting relation to the throat; <as>as, <ex>gutturo</ex>-nasal, having both a guttural and a nasal character; <ex>gutturo</ex>-palatal.</as></def>

<h1>Gutty</h1>
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<hw>Gut"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gutta</ets> drop: cf. F. <ets>goutt\'82</ets>. Cf. <er>Guttated</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Charged or sprinkled with drops.</def>

<h1>Gutwort</h1>
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<hw>Gut"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant, <spn>Globularia Alypum</spn>, a violent purgative, found in Africa.</def>

<h1>Guy</h1>
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<hw>Guy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>guia</ets> guide, a guy or small rope used on board of ships to keep weighty things in their places; of Teutonic origin, and the same word as E. <ets>guide</ets>. See <er>Guide</er>, and cf. <er>Gye</er>.]</ety> <def>A rope, chain, or rod attached to anything to steady it; as: a rope to steady or guide an object which is being hoisted or lowered; a rope which holds in place the end of a boom, spar, or yard in a ship; a chain or wire rope connecting a suspension bridge with the land on either side to prevent lateral swaying; a rod or rope attached to the top of a structure, as of a derrick, and extending obliquely to the ground, where it is fastened.</def>

<h1>Guy</h1>
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<hw>Guy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Guyed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Guying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To steady or guide with a guy.</def>

<h1>Guy</h1>
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<hw>Guy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A grotesque effigy, like that of <i>Guy</i> Fawkes, dressed up in England on the fifth of November, the day of the Gunpowder Plot.</def>

<blockquote>The lady . . . who dresses like a <b>guy</b>.
<i>W. S.  Gilbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person of queer looks or dress.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Guy</h1>
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<hw>Guy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fool; to baffle; to make (a person) an object of ridicule.</def> <mark>[Local & Collog U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Guyle</h1>
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<hw>Guyle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To guile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<hr>
<page="660">
Page 660<p>

<h1>Guze</h1>
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<hw>Guze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gules</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A roundlet of tincture <i>sanguine</i>, which is blazoned without mention of the tincture.</def>

<h1>Guzzle</h1>
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<hw>Guz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Guzzled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Guzzling</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OP. <ets>gosillier</ets>, prob.  orig., to pass through the throat; akin to F. <ets>gosier</ets> throat; cf. It. <ets>gozzo</ets> a bird's crop.]</ety> <def>To swallow liquor greedily; to drink much or frequently.</def>

<blockquote>Those that came to <b>guzzle</b> in his wine cellar.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Well-seasoned bowls the gossip's spirits raise,
Who, while she <b>guzzles</b>, chats the doctor's praise.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To fat the <b>guzzling</b> hogs with floods of whey.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Guzzle</h1>
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<hw>Guz"zle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To swallow much or often; to swallow with immoderate gust; to drink greedily or continually; <as>as, one who guzzles beer</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Guzzle</h1>
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<hw>Guz"zle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An insatiable thing or person.</def>

<blockquote>That sink of filth, that <b>guzzle</b> most impure.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Guzzler</h1>
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<hw>Guz"zler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An immoderate drinker.</def>

<h1>Gwiniad</h1>
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<hw>Gwin"i*ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>gwyniad</ets> a whiting, the name of various fishes, fr. gwyn white.]</ety> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>A fish (<spn>Coregonus ferus</spn>) of North Wales and Northern Europe, allied to the lake whitefish; -- called also <altname>powan</altname>, and <altname>schelly</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gwyniad</asp>, <asp>guiniad</asp>, <asp>gurniad</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Gyall</h1>
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<hw>Gy"all</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gayal</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Gyb, Gybe</h1>
<Xpage=660>

<hw>Gyb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gybe</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Jib</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gybe</h1>
<Xpage=660>

<hw>Gybe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Gibe</er>.</def>

<h1>Gybe</h1>
<Xpage=660>

<hw>Gybe</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gybed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr.  & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gybing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Jibe</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To shift from one side of a vessel to the other; -- said of the boom of a fore-and-aft sail when the vessel is steered off the wind until the sail fills on the opposite side.</def> <altsp>[Also <asp>jibe</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Gye</h1>
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<hw>Gye</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>guier</ets>; of German origin.  See <er>Guide</er>, and cf. <er>Guy</er>.]</ety> <def>To guide; to govern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Discreet enough his country for to <b>gye</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gyle</h1>
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<hw>Gyle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>guiller</ets> to ferment. Cf. <er>Guillevat</er>.]</ety> <def>Fermented wort used for making vinegar.</def>

<cs><col>Gyle tan</col> <fld>(Brewing)</fld>, <cd>a large vat in which wort ferments.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gymnal</h1>
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<hw>Gym"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Gimmal</er>.</def>

<h1>Gymnasiarch</h1>
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<hw>Gym*na"si*arch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gymnasiarchus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ to govern:  cf. F. <ets>gymnasiarque</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An Athenian officer who superintended the gymnasia, and provided the oil and other necessaries at his own expense.</def>

<h1>Gymnasium</h1>
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<hw>Gym*na"si*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E.  <plw>Gymnasiums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Gymnasia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr.  <?/, fr. <?/ to exercise (naked), fr. <?/  naked.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place or building where athletic exercises are performed; a school for gymnastics.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A school for the higher branches of literature and science; a <i>preparatory</i> school for the university; -- used esp. of German schools of this kind.</def>

<blockquote>More like ordinary schools of <b>gymnasia</b> than universities.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gymnast</h1>
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<hw>Gym"nast</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a trainer of athletes: cf. F. <ets>gymnaste</ets>. See <er>Gymnasium</er>.]</ety> <def>One who teaches or practices gymnastic exercises; the manager of a gymnasium; an athlete.</def>

<h1>Gymnastic, Gymnastical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gym*nas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gym*nas"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gymnasticus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>gymnastique</ets>. See <er>Gymnasium</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to athletic exercises intended for health, defense, or diversion; -- said of games or exercises, as running, leaping, wrestling, throwing the discus, the javelin, etc.; also, pertaining to disciplinary exercises for the intellect; athletic; <as>as, <ex>gymnastic</ex> exercises, contests, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Gymnastic</h1>
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<hw>Gym*nas"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gymnast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gymnastically</h1>
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<hw>Gym*nas"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a gymnastic manner.</def>

<h1>Gymnastics</h1>
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<hw>Gym*nas"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Athletic or disciplinary exercises; the art of performing gymnastic exercises; also, disciplinary exercises for the intellect or character.</def>

<h1>Gymnic, Gymnical</h1>
<Xpage=660>

<hw><hw>Gym"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gym"nic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gymnicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>gymnique</ets>. See <er>Gymmasium</er>.]</ety> <def>Athletic; gymnastic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Have they not swordplayers, and every sort
Of <b>gymnic</b> artists, wrestlers, riders, runners ?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gymnic</h1>
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<hw>Gym"nic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Athletic exercise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Gymnite</h1>
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<hw>Gym"nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ naked. So called as coming from the Bare Hills, Maryland.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous silicate of magnesia.</def>

<h1>Gymnoblastea</h1>
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<hw>Gym"no*blas`te*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.  fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ to sprout.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Athecata; -- so called because the medusoid buds are not inclosed in a capsule.</def>

<h1>Gymnoblastic</h1>
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<hw>Gym"no*blas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Gymnoblastea.</def>

<h1>Gymnocarpous</h1>
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<hw>Gym`no*car"pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Naked-fruited, the fruit either smooth or not adherent to the perianth.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Gymnochroa</h1>
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<hw>Gym*noch"ro*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ skin, body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Hydroidea including the hydra. See <er>Hydra</er>.</def>

<h1>Gymnocladus</h1>
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<hw>Gym*noc"la*dus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ a branch.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of leguminous plants; the Kentucky coffee tree. The leaves are cathartic, and the seeds a substitute for coffee.</def>

<h1>Gymnocopa</h1>
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<hw>Gym"no*co`pa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ an oar.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of transparent, free-swimming Annelida, having <i>setae</i> only in the cephalic appendages.</def>

<h1>Gymnocyte</h1>
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<hw>Gym"no*cyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> nake + <?/ a hollow vessel.]</ety> <def>(Biol.) A cytode without a proper cell wall, but with a nucleus.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<h1>Gymnocytode</h1>
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<hw>Gym"no*cy`tode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + E. <ets>cytode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A cytode without either a cell wall or a nucleus.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<h1>Gymnodont</h1>
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<hw>Gym"no*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/, <?/, tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>One of a group of plectognath fishes (<spn>Gymnodontes</spn>), having the teeth and jaws consolidated into one or two bony plates, on each jaw, as the diodonts and tetradonts. See <er>Bur fish</er>, <er>Globefish</er>, <er>Diodon</er>.</def>

<h1>Gymnogen</h1>
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<hw>Gym"no*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of a class of plants, so called by Lindley, because the ovules are fertilized by direct contact of the pollen. Same as <er>Gymnosperm</er>.</def>

<h1>Gymnoglossa</h1>
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<hw>Gym"no*glos`sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of gastropods in which the odontophore is without teeth.</def>

<h1>Gymnol\'91ma, Gymnol\'91mata</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gym"no*l\'91`ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gym*no*l\'91"ma*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Nl., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/  the throat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Bryozoa, having no epistome.</def>

<h1>Gymnonoti</h1>
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<hw>Gym"no*no`ti</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.  fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ the back.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The order of fishes which includes the Gymnotus or electrical eel. The dorsal fin is wanting.</def>

<h1>Gymnop\'91dic</h1>
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<hw>Gym`no*p\'91d"ic</hw> <tt>((?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/, <?/, a child.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having young that are naked when hatched; psilop\'91dic;  -- said of certain birds.</def>

<h1>Gymnophiona</h1>
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<hw>Gym`no*phi"o*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/  serpentlike.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Amphibia, having a long, annulated, snakelike body. See <er>Ophiomorpha</er>.</def>

<h1>Gymnophthalmata</h1>
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<hw>Gym`noph*thal"ma*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ the eye.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of acalephs, including the naked-eyed medus\'91; the hydromedus\'91. Most of them are known to be the free-swimming progeny (gonophores) of hydroids.</def>

<h1>Gymnoplast</h1>
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<hw>Gym"no*plast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>pla`ssein</grk> to shape, mold.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A cell or mass of protoplasm devoid of an envelope, as a white blood corpuscle.</def>

<h1>Gymnorhinal</h1>
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<hw>Gym"no*rhi`nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr.  <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/, <?/, the nose.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having unfeathered nostrils, as certain birds.</def>

<h1>Gymnosomata</h1>
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<hw>Gym`no*so"ma*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/, <?/, the body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the orders of Pteropoda.  They have no shell.</def>

<h1>Gymnosophist</h1>
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<hw>Gym*nos"o*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ philosopher; cf. F. <ets>gymnosophisle</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of a sect of philosophers, said to have been found in India by Alexander the Great, who went almost naked, denied themselves the use of flesh, renounced bodily pleasures, and employed themselves in the contemplation of nature.</def>

<h1>Gymnosophy</h1>
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<hw>Gym*nos"o*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrines of the Gymnosophists.</def>

<i>Good.</i>

<h1>Gymnosperm</h1>
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<hw>Gym"no*sperm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant that bears naked seeds (i. e., seeds not inclosed in an ovary), as the common pine and hemlock. Cf. <er>Angiosperm</er>.</def>

<h1>Gymnospermous</h1>
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<hw>Gym"no*sper`mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.  <grk>gymno`spermos</grk>; <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>spe`rma</grk> seed:  cf. F. <ets>gymnosperme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having naked seeds, or seeds not inclosed in a capsule or other vessel.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Belonging to the class of plants consisting of gymnosperms.</def>

<h1>Gymnotoka</h1>
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<hw>Gym*not"o*ka</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/ a bringing forth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Athecata.</def>

<h1>Gymnotus</h1>
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<hw>Gym*no"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <?/  the back: cf.  F. <ets>gymnote</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of South American fresh-water fishes, including the <spn>Gymnotus electricus</spn>, or electric eel. It has a greenish, eel-like body, and is possessed of electric power.</def>

<blockquote>One fearful shock, fearful but momentary, like from the electric blow of the <b>gymnotus</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gyn</h1>
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<hw>Gyn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To begin <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Gin</er>.</def>

<h1>Gyn\'91ceum, Gyn\'91cium</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gyn`\'91*ce"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gyn`\'91*ci"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ women's apartments, fr. <?/ a woman.]</ety> <def>The part of a large house, among the ancients, exclusively appropriated to women.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gyneceum</asp>, <asp>gynecium</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Gyn\'91cian</h1>
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<hw>Gy*n\'91"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>The same as <er>Gynecian</er>.</def>

<h1>Gyn\'91cophore</h1>
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<hw>Gy`n\'91"co*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the women's apartments + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A ventral canal or groove, in which the males of some dioecious trematodes carry the female. See Illust. of <er>H\'91matozoa</er>.</def>

<h1>Gynander</h1>
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<hw>Gy*nan"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gynandrian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant having the stamens inserted in the pistil.</def>

<h1>Gynandria</h1>
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<hw>Gy*nan"dri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Gynandrian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A class of plants in the Linnaean system, whose stamens grow out of, or are united with, the pistil.</def>

<h1>Gynandrian, Gynandrous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Gy*nan"dri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Gy*nan"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>gy`nandros</grk> of doubtful sex; <grk>gynh`</grk> a woman + <?/, <?/, man: cf. F. <ets>gynandre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having stamens inserted in the pistil; belonging to the class <i>Gynandria</i>.</def>

<h1>Gynandromorph</h1>
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<hw>Gy*nan"dro*morph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal affected with gynandromorphism,</def>

<h1>Gynandromorphism</h1>
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<hw>Gy*nan"dro*mor`phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>gynh`</grk> a woman, female + <?/, <?/, a man, male + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An abnormal condition of certain animals, in which one side has the external characters of the male, and the other those of the female.</def>

<h1>Gynandromorphous</h1>
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<hw>Gy*nan`dro*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Affected, with gynandromorphism.</def>

<h1>Gynantherous</h1>
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<hw>Gy*nan"ther*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>gynh`</grk> a woman + E. <ets>anther</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to an abnormal condition of the flower, in which the stamens are converted into pistils.</def>

<i>A. Brown.</i>

<h1>Gynarchy</h1>
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<hw>Gyn"ar*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>gynh`</grk> a woman+  <ets>-archy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Government by a woman.</def>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Gyneceum</h1>
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<hw>Gyn"e*ce`um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gyn\'91ceum</er>.</def>

<h1>Gynecian</h1>
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<hw>Gy*ne"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to women.</def>

<h1>Gynecocracy</h1>
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<hw>Gyn`e*coc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.  <?/; <grk>gynh`</grk>, <grk>gynaiko`s</grk>, a woman + <?/ to rule: cf. F.  <ets>gyn\'82cocratie</ets>. Cf. <er>Gynocracy</er>.]</ety> <def>Government by a woman, female power; gyneocracy.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Gynecological</h1>
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<hw>Gyn"e*co*log`ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to gynecology.</def>

<h1>Gynecology</h1>
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<hw>Gyn"e*col`o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>gynh`</grk>, <grk>gynaiko`s</grk>, a woman+ <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the structure and diseases of women.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Gyn`e*col"o*gist</wf>.</wordforms>

<h1>Gyneocracy</h1>
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<hw>Gyn"e*oc`ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gynecocracy</er>.</def>

<h1>Gyneolatry</h1>
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<hw>Gyn`e*ol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a woman + <?/ worship.]</ety> <def>The adoration or worship of woman.</def>

<blockquote>The sentimental <b>gyneolatry</b> of chivalry, which was at best but skin-deep.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gynephobia</h1>
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<hw>Gyn`e*pho"bi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a woman + <?/ fear.]</ety> <def>Hatred of women; repugnance to the society of women.</def>

<i>Holmes.</i>

<h1>Gynno</h1>
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<hw>Gyn"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To begin. See <er>Gin</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gynobase</h1>
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<hw>Gyn"o*base</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a woman, female + E. <ets>base</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A dilated base or receptacle, supporting a multilocular ovary.</def>

<h1>Gynobasic</h1>
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<hw>Gyn"o*ba`sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or having, a gynobase.</def>

<h1>Gynocracy</h1>
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<hw>Gy*noc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gynecocracy</er>.]</ety> <def>Female government; gynecocracy.</def>

<blockquote>The aforesaid state has repeatedly changed from absolute despotism to republicanism, not forgetting the intermediate stages of oligarchy, limited monarchy, and even <b>gynocracy</b>; for I myself remember Alsatia governed for nearly nine months by an old fishwoman.
<i>Sir H. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gynodi\'d2cious</h1>
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<hw>Gy"no*di*\'d2`cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a woman + E. <ets>di<?/cious</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Dioecious, but having some hermaphrodite or perfect flowers on an individual plant which bears mostly pistillate flowers.</def>

<h1>Gyn\'d2cium</h1>
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<hw>Gy*n\'d2"ci*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr.  Gr. <?/ a woman + <?/ house.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pistils of a flower, taken collectively. See Illust. of <er>Carpophore</er>.</def>

<h1>Gynophore</h1>
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<hw>Gyn"o*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ woman, female  + <?/ to bear, produce: cf. F. <ets>gynophore</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pedicel raising the pistil or ovary above the stamens, as in the passion flower.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the branches bearing the female gonophores, in certain Siphonophora.</def>

<h1>Gyp</h1>
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<hw>Gyp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Said to be a sportive application of Gr. <?/ a vulture.]</ety> <def>A college servant; -- so called in Cambridge, England; at Oxford called a <i>scout</i>.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<h1>Gypse</h1>
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<hw>Gypse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Gypsum</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pococke.</i>

<h1>Gypseous</h1>
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<hw>Gyp"se*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gypseus</ets>. See <er>Gypsum</er>.]</ety> <def>Resembling or containing gypsum; partaking of the qualities of gypsum.</def>

<h1>Gypsey</h1>
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<hw>Gyp"sey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gypsy. See <er>Gypsy</er>.</def>

<h1>Gypsiferous</h1>
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<hw>Gyp*sif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gypsum</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gypsif<?/re</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing gypsum.</def>

<h1>Gyp'sine</h1>
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<hw>Gyp'sine</hw> <tt>((?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gypseous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Gypsography</h1>
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<hw>Gyp*sog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gypsum</ets> +  <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or art of engraving on gypsum.</def>

<h1>Gypsoplast</h1>
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<hw>Gyp"so*plast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gypsum</ets> + Gr. <?/ to mold.]</ety> <def>A cast taken in plaster of Paris, or in white lime.</def>

<h1>Gypsum</h1>
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<hw>Gyp"sum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gypsum</ets>, Gr. <?/; cf.  Ar. <ets>jibs</ets> plaster, mortar, Per. <ets>jabs<?/n</ets> lime.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral consisting of the hydrous sulphate of lime (calcium). When calcined, it forms plaster of Paris. Selenite is a transparent, crystalline variety; alabaster, a fine, white, massive variety.</def>

<h1>Gypsy</h1>
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<hw>Gyp"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gypsies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>Gypcyan</ets>, F. <ets>gyptien</ets> Egyptian, <ets>gypsy</ets>, L. <ets>Aegyptius</ets>. See <er>Egyptian</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Also spelled <ets>gipsy</ets> and <ets>gypsey</ets>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of a vagabond race, whose tribes, coming originally from India, entered Europe in 14th or 15th centry, and are now scattered over Turkey, Russia, Hungary, Spain, England, etc., living by theft, fortune telling, horsejockeying, tinkering, etc. Cf. <er>Bohemian</er>, <er>Romany</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Like a right <b>gypsy</b>, hath, at fast and loose,
Beguiled me to the very heart of loss.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The language used by the gypsies.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A dark-complexioned person.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A cunning or crafty person</def> <mark>[Collog.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Gypsy</h1>
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<hw>Gyp"sy</hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or suitable for, gypsies.</def>

<cs><col>Gypsy hat</col>, <cd>a woman's or child's broad-brimmed hat, usually of straw or felt.</cd> -- <col>Gypsy winch</col>, <cd>a small winch, which may be operated by a crank, or by a ratchet and pawl through a lever working up and down.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="661">
Page 661<p>

<h1>Gypsy</h1>
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<hw>Gyp"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To play the gypsy; to picnic in the woods.</def> <mark>Mostly</mark>. <wordforms><wf>Gyp"sy*ing</wf>, <tt>vb. n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Gypsyism</h1>
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<hw>Gyp"sy*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The arts and practices or habits of gypsies; deception; cheating; flattery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of a gypsy.</def>

<h1>Gypsywort</h1>
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<hw>Gyp"sy*wort"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A labiate plant (the <spn>Lycopus Europ\'91us</spn>). Gypsies are said to stain their skin with its juice.</def>

<h1>Gyracanthus</h1>
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<hw>Gyr`a*can"thus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr, <?/ round + <?/ spine.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of fossil fishes, found in Devonian and carboniferous strata;  -- so named from their round, sculptured spines.</def>

<h1>Gyral</h1>
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<hw>Gy"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gyre</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Moving in a circular path or way; whirling; gyratory.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a gyrus, or convolution.</def>

<h1>Gyrant</h1>
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<hw>Gy"rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gyrating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Gyrate</h1>
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<hw>Gy"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gyratus</ets> made in a circular form, p. p. of <ets>gyrare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Winding or coiled round; curved into a circle; taking a circular course.</def>

<h1>Gyrate</h1>
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<hw>Gy"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Gyrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Gyrating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>gyratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>gyrare</ets> to <ets>gyrate</ets>. See <er>Gyre</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To revolve round a central point; to move spirally about an axis, as a tornado; to revolve.</def>

<h1>Gyration</h1>
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<hw>Gy*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of turning or whirling, as around a fixed center; a circular or spiral motion; motion about an axis; rotation; revolution.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>gyrations</b> of an ascending balloon.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If a burning coal be nimbly moved round in a circle, with <b>gyrations</b> continually repeated, the whole circle will appear like fire.
<i>Sir I. Newton. </i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the whorls of a spiral univalve shell.</def>

<cs><col>Center of gyration</col>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Center</er>.</cd> -- <col>Radius of gyration</col><cd> the distance between the axis of a rotating body and its center of gyration. <i>Rankine</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Gyratory</h1>
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<hw>Gy"ra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Moving in a circle, or spirally; revolving; whirling around.</def>

<h1>Gyre</h1>
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<hw>Gyre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gyrus</ets>, Gr. <?/, cf. <?/ round.]</ety> <def>A circular motion, or a circle described by a moving body; a turn or revolution; a circuit.</def>

<blockquote>Quick and more quick he spins in giddy <b>gyres</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Still expanding and ascending <b>gyres</b>.
<i>Mrs. Browning. </i></blockquote>

<h1>Gyre</h1>
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<hw>Gyre</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>gyrer</ets>, <ets>girer</ets>. See <er>Gyrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To turn round; to gyrate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall. Drayton.  </i>

<h1>Gyreful</h1>
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<hw>Gyre"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding in gyres.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gyrencephala</h1>
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<hw>Gyr"en*ceph`a*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.  fr. Gr. <?/ round+ <?/ the brain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The higher orders of Mammalia, in which the cerebrum is convoluted.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Gyr"en*ceph"a*lous</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Gyrfalcon</h1>
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<hw>Gyr"fal`con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gerfaucon</ets>, OF. <ets>gerfaucon</ets>, LL. <ets>gyrofalco</ets>, perh. fr.  L. <ets>gyrus</ets> circle + falco <ets>falcon</ets>, and named from its circling flight; or cf. E. gier-eagle. See <er>Gyre</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Falcon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species and varieties of large Arctic falcons, esp. <spn>Falco rusticolus</spn> and the white species <spn>F. Islandicus</spn>, both of which are circumpolar.  The black and the gray are varieties of the former. See Illust. of <er>Accipiter</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gerfalcon</asp>, <asp>gierfalcon</asp>, and <asp>jerfalcon</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Gyri</h1>
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<hw>Gy"ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Gyrus</er>.</def>

<h1>Gyrland</h1>
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<hw>Gyr"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Garland</er>.]</ety> <def>To garland.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Gyrodus</h1>
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<hw>Gyr"o*dus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ round + <?/ tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of extinct o\'94litic fishes, having rounded teeth in several rows adapted for crushing.</def>

<h1>Gyrogonite</h1>
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<hw>Gy*rog"o*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ circle, ring + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>The petrified fruit of the Chara hispida, a species of stonewort. See <er>Stonewort</er>.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<h1>Gyroidal</h1>
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<hw>Gy*roid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ circle + <ets>-oid  + -al</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Spiral in arrangement or action.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Having the planes arranged spirally, so that they incline all to the right (or left) of a vertical line; -- said of certain hemihedral forms.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Turning the plane of polarization circularly or spirally to the right or left.</def>

<h1>Gyrolepis</h1>
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<hw>Gy*rol"e*pis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/  round + <?/ scale.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of ganoid fishes, found in strata of the new red sandetone, and the lias bone beds.</def>

<i>Agassiz.</i>

<h1>Gyroma</h1>
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<hw>Gy*ro"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to round, bend, fr. <?/ round.]</ety> <def>A turning round.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Gyromancy</h1>
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<hw>Gyr"o*man"cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/  ring, circle + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>gyromancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of divination performed by drawing a ring or circle, and walking in or around it.</def>

<i>Brande & C.  </i>

<h1>Gyron</h1>
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<hw>Gy"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>giron</ets>; of German origin. See <er>Gore</er> a piece of cloth,]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A subordinary of triangular form having one of its angles at the fess point and the opposite aide at the edge of the escutcheon. When there is only one gyron on the shield it is bounded by two linea drawn from the fess point, one horizontally to the dexter side, and one to the dexter chief corner.</def>

<h1>Gyronny</h1>
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<hw>Gy"ron*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>gironn<?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Covered with gyrons, or divided so as to form several gyrons; -- said of an escutcheon.</def>

<h1>Gyropigeon</h1>
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<hw>Gy"ro*pi"geon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>gyrare</ets> to revolve + E. <ets>pigeon</ets>.]</ety> <def>A flying object simulating a pigeon in flight, when projected from a spring trap. It is used as a flying target in shooting matches.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Gyroscope</h1>
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<hw>Gy"ro*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ring, circle + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rotating wheel, mounted in a ring or rings, for illustrating the dynamics of rotating bodies, the composition of rotations, etc. It was devised by Professor W. R. Johnson, in 1832, by whom it was called the rotascope.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A form of the above apparatus, invented by M. Foucault, mounted so delicately as to render visible the rotation of the earth, through the tendency of the rotating wheel to preserve a constant plane of rotation, independently of the earth's motion.</def>

<h1>Gyroscopic</h1>
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<hw>Gy"ro*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the gyroscope; resembling the motion of the gyroscope.</def>

<h1>Gy-rose</h1>
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<hw>Gy-rose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gyre</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Turned round like a crook, or bent to and fro.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<h1>Gyrostat</h1>
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<hw>Gy"ro*stat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ring, circle + <?/ to cause to stand.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A modification of the gyroscope, consisting essentially of a fly wheel fixed inside a rigid case to which is attached a thin flange of metal for supporting the instrument. It is used in studying the dynamics of rotating bodies.</def>

<h1>Gyrostatic</h1>
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<hw>Gy"ro*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the gyrostat or to gyrostatics.</def>

<h1>Gyrostatics</h1>
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<hw>Gy"ro*stat"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The doctrine or theory of the gyrostat, or of the phenomena of rotating bodies.</def>

<h1>Gyrus</h1>
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<hw>Gy"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Gyri</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Gyre</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A convoluted ridge between grooves; a convolution; <as>as, the <ex>gyri</ex> of the brain; the <ex>gyri</ex> of brain coral</as>.  See <er>Brain</er>.</def>

<h1>Gyse</h1>
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<hw>Gyse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Guise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Gyte</h1>
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<hw>Gyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Delirious; senselessly extravagant; <as>as, the man is clean gyte</as>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.  </i>

<h1>Gyve</h1>
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<hw>Gyve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Celtic origin; cf. W. gefyn, Ir. geibbionn, Gael. geimheal.]</ety> <def>A shackle; especially, one to confine the legs; a fetter.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>give</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Like a poor prisoner in his twisted <b>gyves</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With <b>gyves</b> upon his wrist.
<i>Hood.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Gyve</h1>
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<hw>Gyve</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>imp. & p. p.</ets> <er>Gyved</er> (<?/); <ets>p. pr. & vb. n.</ets> <er>Gyving</er>.]</ety> <def>To fetter; to shackle; to chain.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>I will <b>gyve</b> thee in thine own courtship.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>


<centered><point26>H.</point26></centered>


<h1>H</h1>
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<hw>H</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, the eighth letter of the English alphabet, is classed among the consonants, and is formed with the mouth organs in the same position as that of the succeeding vowel. It is used with certain consonants to form digraphs representing sounds which are not found in the alphabet, as <i>sh</i>, <i>th</i>, <i>th</i>, as in shall, thing, thine (for <it>zh</it> see &sect;274); also, to modify the sounds of some other letters, as when placed after c and p, with the former of which it represents a compound sound like that of tsh, as in charm (written also <i>tch</i> as in catch), with the latter, the sound of f, as in <it>phase</it>, <it>phantom</it>. In some words, mostly derived or introduced from foreign languages, <it>h</it> following <it>c</it> and <it>g</it> indicates that those consonants have the hard sound before <it>e</it>, <it>i</it>, and <it>y</it>, as in <i>chemistry</i>, <i>chiromancy</i>, <i>chyle</i>, <i>Ghent</i>, <i>Ghibelline</i>, etc.; in some others, <it>ch</it> has the sound of <it>sh</it>, as in chicane. See <er>Guide to Pronunciation</er>, &sect;&sect; 153, 179, 181-3, 237-8.</def>

<note>   The name (aitch) is from the French <it>ache</it>; its form is from the Latin, and this from the Greek H, which was used as the sign of the spiritus asper (rough breathing) before it came to represent the long vowel, Gr. &eta;. The Greek H is from Ph\'d2nician, the ultimate origin probably being Egyptian. Etymologically H is most closely related to <it>c</it>; as in E. <it>h</it>orn, L. <it>c</it>ornu, Gr. <grk>ke`ras</grk>; E. <it>h</it>ele, <tt>v. t.</tt>, con<it>c</it>eal; E. <it>h</it>ide, L. <it>c</it>utis, Gr. <grk>ky`tos</grk>; E. <it>h</it>undred, L. <it>c</it>entum, Gr. <grk>'e-kat-on</grk>, Skr. <it>&csdot;</it>ata.</note>

<cs><col>H piece</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>the part of a plunger pump which contains the valve.</cd></cs>

<h1>H</h1>
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<hw>H</hw> <tt>(h&add;)</tt>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The seventh degree in the diatonic scale, being used by the Germans for B natural. See <er>B</er>.</def>

<h1>Ha</h1>
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<hw>Ha</hw> <tt>(h&add;)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[AS.]</ety> <def>An exclamation denoting surprise, joy, or grief. Both as uttered and as written, it expresses a great variety of emotions, determined by the tone or the context. When repeated, ha, ha, it is an expression of laughter, satisfaction, or triumph, sometimes of derisive laughter; or sometimes it is equivalent to  "Well, it is so."</def>

<blockquote><b>Ha</b>-has, and inarticulate hootings of satirical rebuke.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Haaf</h1>
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<hw>Haaf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. & Sw. haf the sea, Dan. hav, perh. akin to E. haven.]</ety> <def>The deepsea fishing for cod, ling, and tusk, off the Shetland Isles.</def>

<h1>Haak</h1>
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<hw>Haak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sea fish. See <er>Hake</er>.</def>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Haar</h1>
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<hw>Haar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hoar</er>.]</ety> <def>A fog; esp., a fog or mist with a chill wind.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>T. Chalmers.</i>

<h1>Habeas corpus</h1>
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<hw>Ha"be*as corpus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. you may have the body.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ having for its object to bring a party before a court or judge; especially, one to inquire into the cause of a person's imprisonment or detention by another, with the view to protect the right to personal liberty; also, one to bring a prisoner into court to testify in a pending trial.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Habendum</h1>
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<hw>Ha*ben"dum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., <ets>that</ets> must be <ets>had</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>That part of a deed which follows the part called the <i>premises</i>, and determines the extent of the interest or estate granted; -- so called because it begins with the word <ets>Habendum.</ets></def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Haberdash</h1>
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<hw>Hab"er*dash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Haberdasher</er>.]</ety> <def>To deal in small wares.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>haberdash</b> in earth's base ware.
<i>Quarles.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Haberdasher</h1>
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<hw>Hab"er*dash"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. Icel. <ets>hapurtask</ets> trumpery, trifles, perh. through French. It is possibly akin to E. <ets>haversack</ets>, and to Icel. <ets>taska</ets> trunk, chest, pocket, G. <ets>tasche</ets> pocket, and the orig. sense was perh., peddler's wares.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A dealer in small wares, as tapes, pins, needles, and thread; also, a hatter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>haberdasher</b> heapeth wealth by hats.
<i>Gascoigne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dealer in drapery goods of various descriptions, as laces, silks, trimmings, etc.</def>

<h1>Haberdashery</h1>
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<hw>Hab"er*dash"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The goods and wares sold by a haberdasher; also (Fig.), trifles.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Haberdine</h1>
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<hw>Hab"er*dine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>abberdaan</ets>, <ets>labberdaan</ets>; or a French form, cf. OF. <ets>habordeau</ets>, from the name of a Basque district, cf. F. <ets>Labourd</ets>, adj. <ets>Labourdin.</ets>  The <it>l</it> was misunderstood as the French article.]</ety> <def>A cod salted and dried.</def>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Habergeon</h1>
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<hw>Ha*ber"ge*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>haubergeon</ets> a small hauberk, dim. of OF. hauberc, F.  haubert. See Hauberk.]</ety> <def>Properly, a short hauberk, but often used loosely for the hauberk.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Habilatory</h1>
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<hw>Hab"i*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to clothing; wearing clothes.</def>

<i>Ld. Lytton.  </i>

<h1>Habile</h1>
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<hw>Hab"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>habile</ets>, L. <ets>habilis</ets>. See <er>Able</er>, <er>Habit</er>.]</ety> <def>Fit; qualified; also, apt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Habiliment</h1>
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<hw>Ha*bil"i*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. habillement, fr. habiller to dress, clothe, orig., to make fit, make ready, fr. habile apt, skillful, L. habilis. See Habile.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A garment; an article of clothing.</def>

<i>Camden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Dress, in general.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Habilimented</h1>
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<hw>Ha*bil"i*ment*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Clothed. Taylor (1630).</def>

<h1>Habilitate</h1>
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<hw>Ha*bil"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>habilitatus</ets>, p. p. of habilitare to enable.]</ety> <def>Qualified or entitled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Habilitate</h1>
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<hw>Ha*bil"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fit out; to equip; to qualify; to entitle.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Habilitation</h1>
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<hw>Ha*bil"i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. habilitatio: cf. F. <ets>habilitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Equipment; qualification.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Hability</h1>
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<hw>Ha*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ability</er>.]</ety> <def>Ability; aptitude. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Robynson. (More's Utopia).</i>

<h1>Habit</h1>
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<hw>Hab"it</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>habit</ets>, <ets>abit</ets> fr.  <ets>habit</ets> fr. L. <ets>habitus</ets> state, appearance, dress, fr. <ets>habere</ets> to have, be in a condition; prob. akin to E. <ets>have.</ets> See <er>Have</er>, and cf. <er>Able</er>, <er>Binnacle</er>, <er>Debt</er>, <er>Due</er>, <er>Exhibit</er>, <er>Malady.</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The usual condition or state of a person or thing, either natural or acquired, regarded as something had, possessed, and firmly retained; <as>as, a religious <ex>habit</ex>; his <ex>habit</ex> is morose; elms have a spreading <ex>habit</ex></as>; esp., physical temperament or constitution; <as>as, a full <ex>habit</ex> of body</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The general appearance and manner of life of a living organism.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fixed or established custom; ordinary course of conduct; practice; usage; hence, prominently, the involuntary tendency or aptitude to perform certain actions which is acquired by their frequent repetition; <as>as, <ex>habit</ex> is second nature</as>; also, peculiar ways of acting; characteristic forms of behavior.</def>

<blockquote>A man of very shy, retired <b>habits</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Outward appearance; attire; dress; hence, a garment; esp., a closely fitting garment or dress worn by ladies; <as>as, a riding <ex>habit</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Costly thy <b>habit</b> as thy purse can buy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There are, among the states, several of Venus, in different <b>habits</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Practice; mode; manner; way; custom; fashion.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Habit</er>, <er>Custom.</er> <i>Habit</i> is a disposition or tendency leading us to do easily, naturally, and with growing certainty, what we do often; <i>custom</i> is external, being habitual use or the frequent repetition of the same act. The two operate reciprocally on each other. The <i>custom</i> of giving produces a habit of liberality; <i>habits</i> of devotion promote the <i>custom</i> of going to church. <i>Custom</i> also supposes an act of the will, selecting given modes of procedure; <i>habit</i> is a law of our being, a kind of "second nature" which grows up within us.</usage>

<blockquote>How use doth breed a <b>habit</b> in a man !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He who reigns . . . upheld by old repute,
<blockquote>Consent, or <b>custom.</b>
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Habit</h1>
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<hw>Hab"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<pos.imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Habited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Habiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>habiten</ets> to dwell, F. habiter, fr. L. <ets>habitare</ets> to have frequently, to dwell, intens. fr. habere to have. See <er>Habit</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To inhabit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In thilke places as they [birds] habiten.
<i>Rom. of R. </i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dress; to clothe; to array.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>habited</b> themselves lite those rural deities.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To accustom; to habituate. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> Chapman.</def>

<h1>Habitability</h1>
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<hw>Hab"it*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Habitableness.</def>

<h1>Habitable</h1>
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<hw>Hab"it*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <er>habitable</er>, L. <ets>habitbilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being inhabited; that may be inhabited or dwelt in; <as>as, the <ex>habitable</ex> world</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hab"it*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Hab"it*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<hr>
<page="662">
Page 662<p>

<h1>Habitakle</h1>
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<hw>Hab"ita*kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>habitacle</ets> dwelling place, binnacle, L. <ets>habitaculum</ets> dwelling place. See <er>Binnacle</er>, <er>Habit</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>A dwelling place.</def>

<i>Chaucer. Southey.</i>

<h1>Habitan</h1>
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<hw>Ha`bi`tan"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Habitant</er>, 2.</def>

<blockquote>General met an emissary . . . sent . . . to ascertain the feelings of the <b>habitans</b> or French yeomanry.
<i>W. Irwing.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Habitance</h1>
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<hw>Hab"it*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>habitance</ets>, LL. <ets>habitania</ets>.]</ety> <def>Dwelling; abode; residence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Habiitancy</h1>
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<hw>Habi"it*an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Inhabitancy</er>.</def>

<h1>Habitant</h1>
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<hw>Hab`it*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>habitant</ets>. See <er>Habit</er>, <tt>v.</tt><ets>t</ets>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An inhabitant; a dweller.</def>

<i>Milton. Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[F. <it>pron.</it> <tt>(<?/)</tt>]</ety> <def>An inhabitant or resident; -- a name applied to and denoting farmers of French descent or origin in Canada, especially in the Province of Quebec; -- usually in plural.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>habitants</b> or cultivators of the soil.
<i>Parkman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Habitat</h1>
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<hw>Hab`i*tat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., it dwells, fr. <ets>habitare</ets>. See <er>Habit</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The natural abode, locality or region of an animal or plant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Place where anything is commonly found.</def>

<blockquote>This word has its <b>habitat</b> in Oxfordshire.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Habitation</h1>
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<hw>Hab`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>habitation</ets>, L. <ets>habi</ets>(<?/)<ets>atio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inhabiting; state of inhabiting or dwelling, or of being inhabited; occupancy.</def>

<i>Denham.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Place of abode; settled dwelling; residence; house.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord . . . blesseth the <b>habitation</b> of the just.
<i>Prov. iii. 33.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Habitator</h1>
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<hw>Hab"ita`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A dweller; an inhabitant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Habited</h1>
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<hw>Hab`it*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Clothed; arrayed; dressed; <as>as, he was <ex>habited</ex> like a shepherd</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fixed by habit; accustomed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So <b>habited</b> he was in sobriety.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Inhabited.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Another world, which is <b>habited</b> by the ghosts of men and women.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Habitual</h1>
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<hw>Ha*bit"ual</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>habituel</ets>, LL. <ets>habituals</ets>. See <er>Habit</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Formed or acquired by habit or use.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>habitual</b> knowledge of certain rules and maxims.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>According to habit; established by habit; customary; constant; <as>as, the <ex>habiual</ex> practice of sin</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It is the distinguishing mark of <b>habitual</b> piety to be grateful for the most common and ordinary blessings.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Customary; accustomed; usual; common; wonted; ordinary; regular; familiar.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ha*bit"u*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ha*bit"u*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Habituate</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Ha*bit"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Habituated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Habituating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>habituatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>habituare</ets> to bring into a condition or habit of body: cf. F. <ets>habituer</ets>. See <er>Habit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make accustomed; to accustom; to familiarize.</def>

<blockquote>Our English dogs, who were <b>habituated</b> to a colder clime.
<i>Sir K. Digby.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Men are first corrupted . . . and next they <b>habituate</b> themselves to their vicious practices.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To settle as an inhabitant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Habituate</h1>
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<hw>Ha*bit"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Firmly established by custom; formed by habit; habitual.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Habituation</h1>
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<hw>Ha*bit`u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>habituation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of habituating, or accustoming; the state of being habituated.</def>

<h1>Habitude</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hab"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>habitudo</ets> condition. See <er>Habit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Habitual attitude; usual or accustomed state with reference to something else; established or usual relations.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>The same ideas having immutably the same <b>habitudes</b> one to another.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The verdict of the judges was biased by nothing else than <?/heir <b>habitudes</b> of thinking.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Habitual association, intercourse, or familiarity.</def>

<blockquote>To write well, one must have frequent <b>habitudes</b> with the best company.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Habit of body or of action.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>It is impossible to gain an exact <b>habitude</b> without an infinite <?/umber of acts and perpetual practice.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Habitue</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Ha`bi`tu`e"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., p. p. of <ets>habituer</ets>. See <er>Habituate</er>.]</ety> <def>One who habitually frequents a place; <as>as, an <ex>habitu\'82</ex> of a theater</as>.</def>

<h1>Habiture</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hab"i*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Habitude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Habitus</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hab"i*tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Habitude; mode of life; general appearance.</def>

<h1>Hable</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Ha"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Habile</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Habnab</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hab"nab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <altsp>[<er>Hobnob</er>.]</altsp> <def>By chance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hachure</h1>
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<hw>Hach"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>hacher</ets> to hack. See <er>Hatching</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A short line used in drawing and engraving, especially in shading and denoting different surfaces, as in map drawing. See <er>Hatching</er>.</def>

<h1>Hacienda</h1>
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<hw>Ha`ci*en"da</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. OSp. <ets>facienda</ets> employment, estate, fr. L. <ets>facienda</ets>, pl. of <ets>faciendum</ets> what is to be done, fr. <ets>facere</ets> to do. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <def>A large estate where work of any kind is done, as agriculture, manufacturing, mining, or raising of animals; a cultivated farm, with a good house, in distinction from a farming establishment with rude huts for herdsmen, etc.; -- a word used in Spanish-American regions.</def>
<-- 2. The main residence of a hacienda <p><b>1.</b> -->

<h1>Hack</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hatch</er> a half door.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A frame or grating of various kinds; as, a frame for drying bricks, fish, or cheese; a rack for feeding cattle; a grating in a mill race, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unburned brick or tile, stacked up for drying.</def>

<h1>Hack</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hack</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hacked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hacking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hakken</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hakken</ets>, G. <ets>hacken</ets>, Dan. <ets>hakke</ets>, Sw. <ets>hacka</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>hew</ets>. Cf. <er>Hew</er> to cut, <er>Haggle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut irregulary, without skill or definite purpose; to notch; to mangle by repeated strokes of a cutting instrument; <as>as, to <ex>hack</ex> a post</as>.</def>

<blockquote>My sword <b>hacked</b> like a handsaw.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To mangle in speaking.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hack</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hack</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To cough faintly and frequently, or in a short, broken manner; <as>as, a <ex>hacking</ex> cough</as>.</def>

<h1>Hack</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hack</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A notch; a cut.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An implement for cutting a notch; a large pick used in breaking stone.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A hacking; a catch in speaking; a short, broken cough.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Football)</fld> <def>A kick on the shins.</def>

<i>T. Hughes.</i>

<cs><col>Hack saw</col>, <cd>a handsaw having a narrow blade stretched in an iron frame, for cutting metal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hack</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Shortened fr. <ets>hackney</ets>. See <er>Hackney</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A horse, hackneyed or let out for common hire; also, a horse used in all kinds of work, or a saddle horse, as distinguished from hunting and carriage horses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A coach or carriage let for hire; particularly, a a coach with two seats inside facing each other; a hackney coach.</def>

<blockquote>On horse, on foot, in <b>hacks</b> and gilded chariots.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A bookmaker who hires himself out for any sort of literary work; an overworked man; a drudge.</def>

<blockquote>Here lies poor Ned Purdon, from misery freed,
Who long was a bookseller's <b>hack</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A procuress.</def>

<h1>Hack</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hack</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hackneyed; hired; mercenary.</def>

<i>Wakefield.</i>

<cs><col>Hack writer</col>, <cd>a hack; one who writes for hire. "A vulgar <i>hack writer<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Hack</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hack</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To use as a hack; to let out for hire.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To use frequently and indiscriminately, so as to render trite and commonplace.</def><-- = hackney? -->

<blockquote>The word "remarkable" has been so <i>hacked</i> of late.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hack</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hack</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be exposed or offered or to common use for hire; to turn prostitute.</def>

<i>Hanmer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To live the life of a drudge or hack.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Hackamore</h1>
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<hw>Hack"a*more</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>jaquima</ets> headstall of a halter.]</ety> <def>A halter consisting of a long leather or rope strap and headstall, -- used for leading or tieing a pack animal.</def> <mark>[Western U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Hackberry</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hack"ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees (<spn>Celtis</spn>) related to the elm, but bearing drupes with scanty, but often edible, pulp. <spn>C. occidentalis</spn> is common in the Eastern United States.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Hackbolt</h1>
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<hw>Hack"bolt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>, <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The greater shearwater or hagdon. See <er>Hagdon</er>.</def>

<h1>Hackbuss</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hack"buss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hagbut</er>.</def>

<h1>Hackee</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hack"ee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The chipmunk; also, the chickaree or red squirrel.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Hacker</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hack"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, hacks. Specifically: A cutting instrument for making notches; esp., one used for notching pine trees in collecting turpentine; a hack.</def>

<h1>Hackery</h1>
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<hw>Hack"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>chakr\'be</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cart with wooden wheels, drawn by bullocks.</def> <mark>[Bengal]</mark>

<i>Malcom.</i>

<h1>Hackle</h1>
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<hw>Hac"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Heckle</er>, and cf. <er>Hatchel</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A comb for dressing flax, raw silk, etc.; a hatchel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any flimsy substance unspun, as raw silk.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of the peculiar, long, narrow feathers on the neck of fowls, most noticeable on the cock, -- often used in making artificial flies; hence, any feather so used.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An artificial fly for angling, made of feathers.</def>

<h1>Hackle</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hac"kle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hackled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hackling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To separate, as the coarse part of flax or hemp from the fine, by drawing it through the teeth of a hackle or hatchel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To tear asunder; to break in pieces.</def>

<blockquote>The other divisions of the kingdom being <b>hackled</b> and torn to pieces.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hackly</h1>
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<hw>Hac"kly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Hackle</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rough or broken, as if hacked.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Having fine, short, and sharp points on the surface; <as>as, the <ex>hackly</ex> fracture of metallic iron</as>.</def>

<h1>Hackman</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hack"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hackmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The driver of a hack or carriage for public hire.</def>

<h1>Hackmatack</h1>
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<hw>Hack"ma*tack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of American Indian origin.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The American larch (<spn>Larix Americana</spn>), a coniferous tree with slender deciduous leaves; also, its heavy, close-grained timber. Called also <altname>tamarack</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hackney</h1>
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<hw>Hack"ney</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hackneys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>haceney</ets>, <ets>hacenay</ets>; cf. F. <ets>haquen\'82e</ets> a pacing horse, an ambling nag, OF. also <ets>haquen\'82e</ets>, Sp. <ets>hacanea</ets>, OSp.  <ets>facanea</ets>, D. <ets>hakkenei</ets>, also OF. <ets>haque</ets> horse, Sp. <ets>haca</ets>, OSp. <ets>faca</ets>; perh akin to E. <ets>hack</ets> to cut, and orig. meaning, a jolting horse. Cf. <er>Hack</er> a horse, <er>Nag</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A horse for riding or driving; a nag; a pony.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A horse or pony kept for hire.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A carriage kept for hire; a hack; a hackney coach.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A hired drudge; a hireling; a prostitute.</def>

<h1>Hackney</h1>
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<hw>Hack"ney</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Let out for hire; devoted to common use; hence, much used; trite; mean; <as>as, <ex>hackney</ex> coaches; <ex>hackney</ex> authors.</as></def> "<i>Hackney</i> tongue."

<i>Roscommon.</i>

<-- also hackneyed -->

<h1>Hackney</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hack"ney</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hackneyed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hackneying</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To devote to common or frequent use, as a horse or carriage; to wear out in common service; to make trite or commonplace; <as>as, a <ex>hackneyed</ex> metaphor or quotation</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Had I lavish of my presence been,
So common-<b>hackneyed</b> in the eyes of men.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To carry in a hackney coach.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Hackneyman</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hack"ney*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hackneymen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man who lets horses and carriages for hire.</def>

<h1>Hackster</h1>
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<hw>Hack"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Hack</er> to cut.]</ety> <def>A bully; a bravo; a ruffian; an assassin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Hacqueton</h1>
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<hw>Hac"que*ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Acton</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Had</h1>
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<hw>Had</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Have</er>. <ety>[OE.<ets>had</ets>, <ets>hafde</ets>, <ets>hefde</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'91fde</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Have</er>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Had as lief</col>, <col>Had rather</col>, <col>Had better</col>, <col>Had as soon</col></mcol>, etc., <cd>with a nominative and followed by the infinitive without <i>to<i>, are well established idiomatic forms. The original construction was that of the dative with forms of <i>be<i>, followed by the infinitive. See <cref>Had better</cref>, under <er>Better</er>.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>And <b>lever me is</b> be pore and trewe.
[And more agreeable to me it is to be poor and true.]
<i>C. Mundi (Trans. ).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Him had been lever</b> to be syke.
[To him it had been preferable to be sick.]
<i>Fabian.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For <b>him was lever</b> have at his bed's head
Twenty bookes, clad in black or red, . . .
Than robes rich, or fithel, or gay sawtrie.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<note>Gradually the nominative was substituted for the dative, and <i>had<i> for the forms of <i>be<i>. During the process of transition, the nominative with <i>was<i> or <i>were<i>, and the dative with <i>had<i>, are found.</note>

<blockquote>Poor lady, <b>she were better</b> love a dream.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>You were best</b> hang yourself.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Me rather had</b> my heart might feel your love
Than my unpleased eye see your courtesy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>I hadde levere</b> than my scherte,
That ye hadde rad his legende, as have I.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>I had as lief</b> not be as live to be
In awe of such a thing as I myself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>I had rather</b> be a dog and bay the moon,
Than such a Roman.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>I had rather</b> be a doorkeeper in the house of my God, than to dwell in the tents of wickedness.
<i>Ps. lxxxiv.10.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hadder</h1>
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<hw>Had"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Heather; heath.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Burton</i>.

<h1>Haddie</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Had"die</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The haddock.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Haddock</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Had"dock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hadoc</ets>, <ets>haddok</ets>, of unknown origin; cf. Ir. <ets>codog</ets>, Gael. <ets>adag</ets>, F. <ets>hadot</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine food fish (<spn>Melanogrammus \'91glefinus</spn>), allied to the cod, inhabiting the northern coasts of Europe and America. It has a dark lateral line and a black spot on each side of the body, just back of the gills. Galled also <altname>haddie</altname>, and <altname>dickie</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Norway haddock</col>, <cd>a marine edible fish (<spn>Sebastes marinus</spn>) of Northern Europe and America. See <er>Rose fish</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hade</h1>
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<hw>Hade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>heald</ets> inclined, bowed down, G. <ets>halde</ets> declivity.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The descent of a hill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The inclination or deviation from the vertical of any mineral vein.</def>

<h1>Hade</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hade</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To deviate from the vertical; -- said of a vein, fault, or lode.</def>

<h1>Hades</h1>
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<hw>Ha"des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/ + <?/  to see. Cf. <er>Un-</er>, <er>Wit</er>.]</ety> <def>The nether world (according to classical mythology, the abode of the shades, ruled over by Hades or Pluto); the invisible world; the grave.</def>

<blockquote>And death and <b>Hades</b> gave up the dead which were in them.
<i>Rev. xx. 13 (Rev. Ver. ).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Neither was he left in <b>Hades</b>, nor did his flesh see corruption.
<i>Acts ii. 31 (Rev. Ver.).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And in <b>Hades</b> he lifted up his eyes, being in torments.
<i>Luke xvi.23 (Rev. Ver.).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hadj</h1>
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<hw>Hadj</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar.<ets>hajj</ets>, fr. <ets>hajja</ets> to set out, walk, go on a pilgrimage.]</ety> <def>The pilgrimage to Mecca, performed by Mohammedans.</def>

<h1>Hadji</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>Hadj"i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>h\'bej&imac;</ets>. See <er>Hadj</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A Mohammedan pilgrim to Mecca; -- used among Orientals as a respectful salutation or a title of honor.</def>

<i>G. W. Curtis.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Greek or Armenian who has visited the holy sepulcher at Jerusalem.</def>

<i>Heyse.</i>

<h1>Hadrosaurus</h1>
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<hw>Had`ro*sau"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"adro`s</grk> thick + <grk>say^ros</grk> lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An American herbivorous dinosaur of great size, allied to the iguanodon. It is found in the Cretaceous formation.</def>

<h1>H\'91cceity</h1>
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<hw>H\'91c*ce`i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[L. <ets>h\'91cce</ets> this.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Literally, <i>this-ness</i>. A scholastic term to express individuality or singleness; <as>as, <ex>this</ex> book</as>.</def>

<mhw><h1>H\'91ma- </ or </, H\'91mato- </ or </, H\'91mo-</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>H\'91m"a-</hw> <tt>(<?/ or <?/)</tt>, <hw>H\'91m"a*to-</hw> <tt>(<?/ or <?/)</tt>, <hw>H\'91m"o-</hw> <tt>(<?/ or <?/)</tt></mhw>. <ety>[Gr. <grk>ai^"ma</grk>, blood.]</ety> <def>Combining forms indicating <i>relation or resemblance to blood</i>, <i>association with blood</i>; <as>as, <ex>h\'91ma</ex>pod, <ex>h\'91mato</ex>genesis, <ex>h\'91mo</ex>scope</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; Words from Gr. (<?/) are written <i>hema</i>-, <i>hemato</i>-, <i>hemo</i>-, as well as <i>h\'91ma</i>-, <i>h\'91mato</i>-, <i>h\'91mo</i>-.</note>

<h1>H\'91machrome</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>H\'91m"a*chrome</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91ma-</ets> + Gr. <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Hematin.</def>

<h1>H\'91macyanin</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m`a*cy"a*nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91ma-</ets> + Gr.<?/ a dark blue substance.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance found in the blood of the octopus, which gives to it its blue color.</def>

<note>&hand; When deprived of oxygen it is colorless, but becomes quickly blue in contact with oxygen, and is then generally called <i>oxyh\'91macyanin</i>. A similar blue coloring matter has been detected in small quantity in the blood of other animals and in the bile.</note>

<h1>H\'91macytometer</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m`a*cy*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91ma</ets> + Gr. <?/ a hollow vessel + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for determining the number of corpuscles in a given quantity of blood.</def>

<h1>H\'91mad</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw>H\'91"mad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91ma-</ets> + L. <ets>ad</ets> toward.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Toward the h\'91mal side; on the h\'91mal side of; -- opposed to <i>neurad</i>.</def>

<h1>H\'91madrometer or, H\'91madremometer</h1>
<Xpage=662>

<hw><hw>H\'91m`a*drom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>, <hw>H\'91m`a*dre*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hemadrometer</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91madrometry,H\'91madromometry</h1>
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<hw><hw>H\'91m`a*drom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw>H\'91m`a*dro*mom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hemadrometry</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91madromograph</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m`a*drom"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91ma-</ets> + Gr. <?/ course + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for registering the velocity of the blood.</def>

<mhw><h1>H\'91madynameter or H\'91madynamometer</h1>
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<hw>H\'91`ma*dy*nam"e*ter</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt> <hw>H\'91`ma*dy`na*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt></mhw>, <def>Same as <er>Hemadynamometer</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91madynamics</h1>
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<hw>H\'91ma*dy*nam"ics</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hemadynamics</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91mal</h1>
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<hw>H\'91"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ blood.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the blood or blood vessels; also, ventral. See <er>Hemal</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91maph\'91in</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m`a*ph\'91"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91ma-</ets> + Gr. <?/ dusky.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A brownish substance sometimes found in the blood, in cases of jaundice.</def>

<h1>H\'91mapod</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m"a*pod</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91ma</ets> + <ets>-pod</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An h\'91mapodous animal.</def>

<i>G. Rolleston.</i>

<hr>
<page="663">
Page 663<p>

<h1>H\'91mapodous</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91*map"o*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the limbs on, or directed toward, the ventral or hemal side, as in vertebrates; -- opposed to <i>neuropodous</i>.</def>

<h1>H\'91mapoietic</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m`a*poi*et"ic</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91ma-</ets> + Gr. <?/ productive.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Bloodforming; <as>as, the <ex>h\'91mapoietic</ex> function of the spleen</as>.</def>

<h1>H\'91mapophysis</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m`a*poph"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Hemapophysis</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>H\'91m`a*po*phys"i*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>H\'91mastatics</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m`a*stat"ics</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hemastatics</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matachometer</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`a*ta*chom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91ma-</ets> + Gr. <?/ swift + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A form of apparatus (somewhat different from the <i>hemadrometer</i>) for measuring the velocity of the blood.</def>

<h1>H\'91matachometry</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m`a*ta*chom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The measurement of the velocity of the blood.</def>

<h1>H\'91matemesis</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m`a*tem"e*sis</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hematemesis</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matic</h1>
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<hw>H\'91*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the blood; sanguine; brownish red.</def>

<cs><col>H\'91matic acid</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>a hypothetical acid, supposed to be formed from hemoglobin during its oxidation in the lungs, and to have the power of freeing carbonic acid from the sodium carbonate of the serum.</cd></cs>

<i>Thudichum.</i>

<h1>H\'91matin</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m"a*tin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hematin</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matinometer</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m`a*ti*nom"e*ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hematinometer</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matinometric</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m`a*tin`o*met"ric</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hematinometric</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matite</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m"a*tite</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hematite</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matitic</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m`a*tit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of a blood-red color; crimson; <fld>(Bot.)</fld> brownish red.</def>

<h1>H\'91mato-</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m"a*to-</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>, <tt>prefix.</tt> <def>See <er>H\'91ma-</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matoblast</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m"a*to*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91mato-</ets> + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the very minute, disk-shaped bodies found in blood with the ordinary red corpuscles and white corpuscles; a third kind of blood corpuscle, supposed by some to be an early stage in the development of the red corpuscles; -- called also <altname>blood plaque</altname>, and <altname>blood plate</altname>.</def><-- = hemocytoblast, hematocytoblast.  Precursor of erythroblasts, lymphoblasts, and myeloblasts, found mostly in bone marrow.  Hayem's hematoblast = a platelet -->

<h1>H\'91matocrya</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m`a*toc"ry*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cold-blooded vertebrates. Same as <er>Hematocrya</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matocryal</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m`*a*toc"ry*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cold-blooded.</def>

<h1>H\'91matocrystallin</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m`a*to*crys"tal*lin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hematocrystallin</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matodynamometer</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91`ma*to*dy`na*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hemadynamometer</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matogenesis</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`a*to*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91mato-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The origin and development of blood.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The transformation of venous arterial blood by respiration; hematosis.</def>

<h1>H\'91matogenic</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`a*to*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Relating to h\'91matogenesis.</def>

<h1>H\'91matogenous</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`a*tog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Originating in the blood.</def>

<h1>H\'91matoglobulin</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`a*to*glob"u*lin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hematoglobin</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matoid</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m"a*toid</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hematoid</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matoidin</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m`a*toid"in</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hematoidin</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matoin</h1>
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<hw>H\'91*mat"o*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91mato-</ets> + <ets>-in</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance formed from the hematin of blood, by removal of the iron through the action of concentrated sulphuric acid. Two like bodies, called respectively <i>h\'91matoporphyrin</i> and <i>h\'91matolin</i>, are formed in a similar manner.</def>

<h1>H\'91matolin</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91*mat"o*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>H\'91matoin</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matology</h1>
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<hw>H\'91m`a*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science which treats of the blood. Same as <er>Hematology</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matometer</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`a*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91mato-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Hemadynamometer</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An instrument for determining the number of blood corpuscles in a given quantity of blood.</def>

<h1>H\'91matophlina</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`a*to*ph*li"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. -gr. <?/, <?/, blood + <?/ to love.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Cheiroptera, including the bloodsucking bats. See <er>Vampire</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matoplast</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m"a*to*plast`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91mato-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to mold.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>H\'91matoblast</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matoplastic</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`a*to*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91mato-</ets> + <ets>-plastic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Blood formative; -- applied to a substance in early fetal life, which breaks up gradually into blood vessels.</def>

<h1>H\'91matoporphyrin</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`a*to*por"phy*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91mato-</ets> + Gr. <?/ purple.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>H\'91matoin</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matosac</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m"a*to*sac`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91mato-</ets> + <ets>sac</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A vascular sac connected, beneath the brain, in many fishes, with the infundibulum.</def>

<h1>H\'91matoscope</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m"a*to*scope`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A h\'91moscope.</def>

<h1>H\'91matosin</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`a*to"sin</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Hematin.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>H\'91matosis</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`a*to"sis</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hematosis</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matotherma</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`a*to*ther"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hematotherma</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matothermal</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`a*to*ther"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Warm-blooded; homoiothermal.</def>

<h1>H\'91matothorax</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`a*to*tho"rax</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hemothorax</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matexylin</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`a*tex"y*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>H\'91matoxylon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The coloring principle of logwood. It is obtained as a yellow crystalline substance, <chform>C16H14O6</chform>, with a sweetish taste. Formerly called also <altname>hematin</altname>.</def>

<h1>H\'91matoxylon</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`a*tox"y*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ blood + <?/ wood.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of leguminous plants containing but a single species, the <spn>H. Campechianum</spn> or logwood tree, native in Yucatan.</def>

<h1>H\'91matozo\'94n</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`a*to*zo"\'94n</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>H\'91matozoa</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, blood + <?/ animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A parasite inhabiting the blood</def>; esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Certain species of nematodes of the genus <spn>Filaria</spn>, sometimes found in the blood of man, the horse, the dog, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The trematode, <spn>Bilharzia h\'91matobia</spn>, which infests the inhabitants of Egypt and other parts of Africa, often causing death.</def>

<h1>H\'91mic</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91"mic</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt><def>, <?/. Pertaining to the blood; hemal.</def>

<h1>H\'91min</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91"min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hemin</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91mo-</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m"o-</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>, <tt>prefix.</tt> <def>See <er>H\'91ma-</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91mochrome</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m"ochrome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>H\'91machrome</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91mochromogen</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`o*chro"mogen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91mochrome</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A body obtained from hemoglobin, by the action of reducing agents in the absence of oxygen.</def>

<h1>H\'91mochromometer</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`o*chro*mom`e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91mochrome</ets> +  <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for measuring the amount of hemoglobin in a fluid, by comparing it with a solution of known strength and of normal color.</def>

<h1>H\'91mocyanin</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`o*cy"a*nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>H\'91macyanin</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91mocytolysis</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`o*cy*tol"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ blood + <?/ hollow vessel + <?/ to loosen, dissolve.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>See <er>H\'91mocytotrypsis</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91mocytometer</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`o*cy*tom"e*ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>H\'91macytometer</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91mocytotrypsis</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`o*cy`to*tryp"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ blood + <?/ hollow vessel+<?/ to rub, grind.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A breaking up of the blood corpuscles, as by pressure, in distinction from solution of the corpuscles, or <i>h\'91mcytolysis</i>.</def>

<h1>H\'91modromograph</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`o*drom"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>H\'91madromograph</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91modynameter</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91`mo*dy*nam"e*ter</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hemadynamics</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91moglobin</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`o*glo"bin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hemoglobin</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91moglobinometer</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`o*glo`bin*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91moglobin</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Hemochromometer</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91molutein</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`o*lu"te*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91mo-</ets> + corpus <ets>lute</ets>um.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hematoidin</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91momanometer</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`o*ma*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91mo-</ets> + <ets>manometer</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Hemadynamometer</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91mometer</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91mo-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hemadynamometer</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91mony</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91"mo*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>H\'91monia</ets> a name of Thessaly, the land of magic.]</ety> <def>A plant described by Milton as "of sovereign use against all enchantments."</def>

<h1>H\'91moplastic</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91mo*plas"tic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>H\'91matoplastic</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91morrhoidal</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m"or*rhoid"al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hemorrhoidal</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91moscope</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m"o*scope</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>H\'91mo-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument devised by Hermann, for regulating and measuring the thickness of a layer of blood for spectroscopic examination.</def>

<h1>H\'91mostatic</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`o*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same <er>Hemostatic</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91motachometer</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`o*ta*chom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>H\'91matachometer</er>.</def>

<h1>H\'91motachometry</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>H\'91m`o*ta*chom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>H\'91matachometry</er>.</def>

<h1>Haf</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>Haf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <mord>of <er>Heave</er></mord>. <def>Hove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Haffle</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>Haf"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>haften</ets> to cling, stick to, Prov. G., to stop, stammer.]</ety> <def>To stammer; to speak unintelligibly; to prevaricate.</def> <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Haft</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>Haft</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h\'91ft</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>heft</ets>, Icel. <ets>hepti</ets>, and to E. <ets>Heave</ets>, or <ets>have</ets>. Cf. <er>Heft</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A handle; that part of an instrument or vessel taken into the hand, and by which it is held and used; -- said chiefly of a knife, sword, or dagger; the hilt.</def>

<blockquote>This brandish'dagger
I'll bury to the <b>haft</b> in her fair breast.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dwelling.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Haft</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>Haft</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To set in, or furnish with, a haft; <as>as, to <ex>haft</ex> a dagger</as>.</def>

<h1>Hafter</h1>
<Xpage=663>

<hw>Haft"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<?/f. G. <ets>haften</ets> to cling or stick to, and E. <ets>haffle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A caviler; a wrangler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Baret.</i>

<h1>Hag</h1>
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<hw>Hag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hagge</ets>, <ets>hegge</ets>, with, hag, AS. <ets>h\'91gtesse</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>hagazussa</ets>, G. <ets>hexe</ets>, D. <ets>heks</ets>, Dan. <ets>hex</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'84xa</ets>. The first part of the word is prob. the same as E. <ets>haw</ets>, <ets>hedge</ets>, and the orig. meaning was perh., wood woman, wild woman. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A witch, sorceress, or enchantress; also, a wizard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "[Silenus] that old <i>hag</i>."

<i>Golding.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ugly old woman.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A fury; a she-monster.</def>

<i>Grashaw.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An eel-like marine marsipobranch (<spn>Myxine glutinosa</spn>), allied to the lamprey. It has a suctorial mouth, with labial appendages, and a single pair of gill openings. It is the type of the order Hyperotpeta. Called also <altname>hagfish</altname>, <altname>borer</altname>, <altname>slime eel</altname>, <altname>sucker</altname>, and <altname>sleepmarken</altname>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hagdon or shearwater.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An appearance of light and fire on a horse's mane or a man's hair.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<cs><col>Hag moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a moth (<spn>Phobetron pithecium</spn>), the larva of which has curious side appendages, and feeds on fruit trees.</cd> -- <col>Hag's tooth</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an ugly irregularity in the pattern of matting or pointing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hag</h1>
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<hw>Hag</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hagged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hagging</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To harass; to weary with vexation.</def>

<blockquote>How are superstitious men <b>hagged</b> out of their wits with the fancy of omens.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hag</h1>
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<hw>Hag</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>hag</ets> to cut; cf. E. <ets>hack</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small wood, or part of a wood or copse, which is marked off or inclosed for felling, or which has been felled.</def>

<blockquote>This said, he led me over hoults and <b>hags</b>;
Through thorns and bushes scant my legs I drew.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A quagmire; mossy ground where peat or turf has been cut.</def>

<i>Dugdale.</i>

<h1>Hagberry</h1>
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<hw>Hag"ber"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Prunus</spn> (<spn>P. Padus</spn>); the bird cherry.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Hagborn</h1>
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<hw>Hag"born`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Born of a hag or witch.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hagbut</h1>
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<hw>Hag"but</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>haquebute</ets>, prob. a corruption of D. <ets>haakbus</ets>; <ets>haak</ets> hook + <ets>bus gun barrel</ets>. See <er>Hook</er>, and 2d <er>Box</er>, and cf. <er>Arquebus</er>.]</ety> <def>A harquebus, of which the but was bent down or hooked for convenience in taking aim.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>haguebut</asp> and <asp>hackbuss</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hagbutter</h1>
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<hw>Hag"but*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A soldier armed with a hagbut or arquebus.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hackbutter</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Froude.</i>

<h1>Hagdon</h1>
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<hw>Hag"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of sea birds of the genus <spn>Puffinus</spn>; esp., <spn>P. major</spn>, the greater shearwarter, and <spn>P. Stricklandi</spn>, the black hagdon or sooty shearwater; -- called also <altname>hagdown</altname>, <altname>haglin</altname>, and <altname>hag</altname>. See <er>Shearwater</er>.</def>

<h1>Haggada</h1>
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<hw>Hag*ga"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Haggadoth</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Rabbinic <ets>hagg\'bedh\'be</ets>, fr. Heb. <ets>higg\'c6dh</ets> to relate.]</ety> <def>A story, anecdote, or legend in the Talmud, to explain or illustrate the text of the Old Testament.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hadaga</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Haggard</h1>
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<hw>Hag"gard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hagard</ets>; of German origin, and prop. meaning, of the hegde or woods, wild, untamed. See <er>Hedge</er>, <er>1st Haw</er>, and <er>-ard</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wild or intractable; disposed to break away from duty; untamed; <as>as, a <ex>haggard</ex> or refractory hawk</as>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak</i></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[For <ets>hagged</ets>, fr. <ets>hag</ets> a witch, influenced by <ets>haggard</ets> wild.]</ety> <def>Having the expression of one wasted by want or suffering; hollow-eyed; having the features distorted or wasted, or anxious in appearance; <as>as, <ex>haggard</ex> features, eyes</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Staring his eyes, and <b>haggard</b> was his look.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Haggard</h1>
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<hw>Hag"gard</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Haggard</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>A young or untrained hawk or falcon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fierce, intractable creature.</def>

<blockquote>I have loved this proud disdainful <b>haggard</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[See <er>Haggard</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 2.]</ety> <def>A hag.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Garth.</i>

<h1>Haggard</h1>
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<hw>Hag"gard</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>1st Haw</er>, <er>Hedge</er>, and <er>Yard</er> an inclosed space.]</ety> <def>A stackyard.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Haggardly</h1>
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<hw>Hag"gard*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a haggard manner.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Hagged</h1>
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<hw>Hag"ged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a hag; lean; ugly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Haggis</h1>
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<hw>Hag"gis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>hag</ets> to hack, chop, E. <ets>hack</ets>. Formed, perhaps, in imitation of the F. <ets>hachis</ets> (E. <ets>hash</ets>), fr. <ets>hacher</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Scotch pudding made of the heart, liver, lights, etc., of a sheep or lamb, minced with suet, onions, oatmeal, etc., highly seasoned, and boiled in the stomach of the same animal; minced head and pluck.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>haggiss</asp>, <asp>haggess</asp>, and <asp>haggies</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Haggish</h1>
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<hw>Hag"gish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a hag; ugly; wrinkled.</def>

<blockquote>But on both did <b>haggish</b> age steal on.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Haggishly</h1>
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<hw>Hag"gish*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a hag.</def>

<h1>Haggle</h1>
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<hw>Hag"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Haggled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Haggling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of Scot. <ets>hag</ets>, E. <ets>hack</ets>. See <er>Hack</er> to cut.]</ety> <def>To cut roughly or hack; to cut into small pieces; to notch or cut in an unskillful manner; to make rough or mangle by cutting; <as>as, a boy <ex>haggles</ex> a stick of wood</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Suffolk first died, and York, all <b>haggled</b> o'er,
Comes to him, where in gore he lay insteeped.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Haggle</h1>
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<hw>Hag"gle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be difficult in bargaining; to stick at small matters; to chaffer; to higgle.</def>

<blockquote>Royalty and science never <b>haggled</b> about the value of blood.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Haggle</h1>
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<hw>Hag"gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of haggling.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Haggler</h1>
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<hw>Hag"gler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who haggles or is difficult in bargaining.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who forestalls a market; a middleman between producer and dealer in London vegetable markets.</def>

<h1>Hagiarchy</h1>
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<hw>Ha"gi*ar`chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sacred, holy + <ets>-archy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sacred government; by holy orders of men.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Hagiocracy</h1>
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<hw>Ha`gi*oc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ holy, and <?/ to govern.]</ety> <def>Government by a priesthood; hierarchy.</def>

<h1>Hagiographa</h1>
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<hw>Ha`gi*og"ra*pha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ (sc.<?/), fr. <?/ written by inspiration; <?/ sacred, holy + <?/ to write.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The last of the three Jewish divisions of the Old Testament, or that portion not contained in the Law and the Prophets. It comprises Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Canticles, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and Chronicles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The lives of the saints.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Hagiographal</h1>
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<hw>Ha`gi*og"ra*phal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, Pertaining to the hagiographa, or to sacred writings.</def>

<h1>Hagiographer</h1>
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<hw>Ha`gi*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the writers of the hagiographa; a writer of lives of the saints.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Hagiography</h1>
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<hw>Ha`gi*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?, 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same <er>Hagiographa</er>.</def>

<h1>Hagiolatry</h1>
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<hw>Ha`gi*ol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sacred + <?/ worship.]</ety> <def>The invocation or worship of saints.</def>

<h1>Hagiologist</h1>
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<hw>Ha`gi*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who treats of the sacred writings; a writer of the lives of the saints; a hagiographer.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<blockquote><b>Hagiologists</b> have related it without scruple.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hagiology</h1>
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<hw>Ha`gi*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sacred + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The history or description of the sacred writings or of sacred persons; a narrative of the lives of the saints; a catalogue of saints.</def>

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<h1>Hagioscope</h1>
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<hw>Ha"gi*o*scope`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sacred + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An opening made in the interior walls of a cruciform church to afford a view of the altar to those in the transepts; -- called, in architecture, a <i>squint</i>.</def>

<i>Hook.</i>

<h1>Hag-ridden</h1>
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<hw>Hag"-rid`den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ridden by a hag or witch; hence, afflicted with nightmare.</def>

<i>Beattie. Cheyne.</i>

<hr>
<page="664">
Page 664<p>

<h1>Hagseed</h1>
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<hw>Hag"seed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The offspring of a hag.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hagship</h1>
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<hw>Hag"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or title of a hag.</def>

<i>Middleton.</i>

<h1>Hag-taper</h1>
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<hw>Hag"-ta`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. 1st <er>Hag</er>, and <er>Hig-taper</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The great woolly mullein (<spn>Verbascum Thapsus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Haguebut</h1>
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<hw>Hague"but</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hagbut</er>.</def>

<h1>Hah </</h1>
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<hw>Hah <?/</hw>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ha</er>.</def>

<h1>Ha-ha</h1>
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<hw>Ha-ha"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Haw-haw</er>.]</ety> <def>A sunk fence; a fence, wall, or ditch, not visible till one is close upon it.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>haw-haw</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Haidingerite</h1>
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<hw>Hai"ding*er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral consisting of the arseniate of lime; -- so named in honor of W. <i>Haidinger</i>, of Vienna.</def>

<h1>Haiduck</h1>
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<hw>Hai"duck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>haiduck</ets>, <ets>heiduck</ets>, fr. Hung. <ets>hajdu</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formerly, a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary, now, a halberdier of a Hungarian noble, or an attendant in German or Hungarian courts.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hayduck</asp>, <asp>heiduc</asp>, <asp>heiduck</asp>, and <asp>heyduk</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Haik</h1>
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<hw>Haik</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <?/, fr. <ets>h\'beik</ets>, fr. <ets>h\'beka</ets> to weave.]</ety> <def>A large piece of woolen or cotton cloth worn by Arabs as an outer garment.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hyke</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Heyse.</i>

<h1>Haikal</h1>
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<hw>Hai"kal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The central chapel of the three forming the sanctuary of a Coptic church. It contains the high altar, and is usually closed by an embroidered curtain.</def>

<h1>Hail</h1>
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<hw>Hail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hail</ets>, <ets>ha<?/el</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'91gel</ets>; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. <ets>hagel</ets>; Icel. <ets>hagl</ets>; cf. Gr.<?/ pebble.]</ety> <def>Small roundish masses of ice precipitated from the clouds, where they are formed by the congelation of vapor. The separate masses or grains are called <i>hailstones</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Thunder mixed with <b>hail</b>,
<b>Hail</b> mixed with fire, must rend the Egyptian sky.
<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Hail</h1>
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<hw>Hail</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Halled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Halting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hailen</ets>, AS. <ets>haqalian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To pour down particles of ice, or frozen vapors.</def>

<h1>Hail</h1>
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<hw>Hail</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pour forcibly down, as hail.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hail</h1>
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<hw>Hail</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Healthy. See <er>Hale</er> (the preferable spelling).</def>

<h1>Hail</h1>
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<hw>Hail</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hailen</ets>, <ets>heilen</ets>, Icel. <ets>heil</ets> hale, sound, used in greeting. See <er>Hale</er> sound.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To call loudly to, or after; to accost; to salute; to address.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To name; to designate; to call.</def>

<blockquote>And such a son as all men <b>hailed</b> me happy.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hail</h1>
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<hw>Hail</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To declare, by hailing, the port from which a vessel sails or where she is registered; hence, to sail; to come; -- used with <i>from</i>; <as>as, the steamer <ex>hails</ex> from New York</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To report as one's home or the place from whence one comes; to come; -- with <i>from</i>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>G. G. Halpine.</i>

<h1>Hail</h1>
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<hw>Hail</hw>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hail</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>An exclamation of respectful or reverent salutation, or, occasionally, of familiar greeting.</def> "<i>Hail</i>, brave friend."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>All hail</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Hail Mary</col>, <cd>a form of prayer made use of in the Roman Catholic Church in invocation of the Virgin. See <er>Ave Maria</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hail</h1>
<Xpage=664>

<hw>Hail</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wish of health; a salutation; a loud call.</def> "Their puissant <i>hail</i>."

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<blockquote>The angel <b>hail</b> bestowed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hail-fellow</h1>
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<hw>Hail"-fel`low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An intimate companion.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hail-fellow</b> well met.
<i>Lyly.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hailse</h1>
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<hw>Hailse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hailsen</ets>, Icel. <ets>heilsa</ets>. Cf. <er>Hall</er> to call to.]</ety> <def>To greet; to salute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>P. Plowman.</i>

<h1>Hailshot</h1>
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<hw>Hail"shot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Small shot which scatter like hailstones.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hayward.</i>

<h1>Hailstone</h1>
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<hw>Hail"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A single particle of ice falling from a cloud; a frozen raindrop; a pellet of hail.</def>

<h1>Hailstorm</h1>
<Xpage=664>

<hw>Hail"storm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A storm accompanied with hail; a shower of hail.</def>

<h1>Haily</h1>
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<hw>Hai"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of hail.</def> "<i>Haily</i> showers."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Han</h1>
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<hw>Han</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>h\'84gn</ets> hedge, inclosure, Dan. <ets>hegn</ets> hedge, fence. See <er>Hedge</er>.]</ety> <def>To inclose for mowing; to set aside for grass.</def> "A ground . . . <i>hained</i> in."

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Hain't</h1>
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<hw>Hain't</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A contraction of <i>have not</i> or <i>has not</i>; <as>as, I <ex>hain't</ex>, he <ex>hain't</ex>, we <ex>hain't</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or illiterate speech.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>han't</asp>.]</altsp><-- now ain't -->

<h1>Hair</h1>
<Xpage=664>

<hw>Hair</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>her</ets>, <ets>heer</ets>, <ets>h\'91r</ets>, AS. <ets>h&aemac;r</ets>; akin to OFries, <ets>h&emac;r</ets>, D. & G. <ets>haar</ets>, OHG. & Icel. <ets>h&amac;r</ets>, Dan. <ets>haar</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'86r</ets>; cf. Lith. <ets>kasa</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One the above-mentioned filaments, consisting, in invertebrate animals, of a long, tubular part which is free and flexible, and a bulbous root imbedded in the skin.</def>

<blockquote>Then read he me how Sampson lost his <b>hairs</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And draweth new delights with hoary <b>hairs</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hair (human or animal) used for various purposes; <as>as, <ex>hair</ex> for stuffing cushions</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A slender outgrowth from the chitinous cuticle of insects, spiders, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. Such hairs are totally unlike those of vertebrates in structure, composition, and mode of growth.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An outgrowth of the epidermis, consisting of one or of several cells, whether pointed, hooked, knobbed, or stellated. Internal hairs occur in the flower stalk of the yellow frog lily (<spn>Nuphar</spn>).</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A spring device used in a hair-trigger firearm.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A haircloth.</def> <mark>[Obc.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Any very small distance, or degree; a hairbreadth.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Hairs</i> is often used adjectively or in combination; as, <i>hair</i>brush or <i>hair</i> brush, <i>hair</i> dye, <i>hair</i> oil, <i>hair</i>pin, <i>hair</i> powder, a brush, a dye, etc., for the hair.</note>

<cs><col>Against the hair</col>, <cd>in a rough and disagreeable manner; against the grain. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "You go <i>against the hair<i> of your professions." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Hair bracket</col> <fld>(Ship Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a molding which comes in at the back of, or runs aft from, the figurehead.</cd> -- <col>Hair cells</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>cells with hairlike processes in the sensory epithelium of certain parts of the internal ear.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Hair compass</col>, <col>Hair divider</col></mcol>, <cd>a compass or divider capable of delicate adjustment by means of a screw.</cd> -- <col>Hair glove</col>, <cd>a glove of horsehair for rubbing the skin.</cd> -- <col>Hair lace</col>, <cd>a netted fillet for tying up the hair of the head. <i>Swift</i>.</cd> -- <col>Hair line</col>, <cd>a line made of hair; a very slender line.</cd> -- <col>Hair moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any moth which destroys goods made of hair, esp. <spn>Tinea biselliella</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Hair pencil</col>, <cd>a brush or fine hair, for painting; -- generally called by the name of the hair used; <as>as, a camel's <ex>hair pencil<ex>, a sable's <ex>hair pencil<ex>, etc</as>.</cd> -- <col>Hair plate</col>, <cd>an iron plate forming the back of the hearth of a bloomery fire.</cd> -- <col>Hair powder</col>, <cd>a white perfumed powder, as of flour or starch, formerly much used for sprinkling on the hair of the head, or on wigs.</cd> -- <col>Hair seal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of eared seals which do not produce fur; a sea lion.</cd> -- <col>Hair seating</col>, <cd>haircloth for seats of chairs, etc.</cd> -- <col>Hair shirt</col>, <cd>a shirt, or a band for the loins, made of horsehair, and worn as a penance.</cd> -- <col>Hair sieve</col>, <cd>a strainer with a haircloth bottom.</cd> -- <col>Hair snake</col>. <cd>See <er>Gordius</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hair space</col> <fld>(Printing)</fld>, <cd>the thinnest metal space used in lines of type.</cd> -- <col>Hair stroke</col>, <cd>a delicate stroke in writing.</cd> -- <col>Hair trigger</col>, <cd>a trigger so constructed as to discharge a firearm by a very slight pressure, as by the touch of a hair. <i>Farrow</i>.</cd> -- <col>Not worth a hair</col>, <cd>of no value.</cd> -- <col>To a hair</col>, <cd>with the nicest distinction.</cd> -- <col>To split hairs</col>, <cd>to make distinctions of useless nicety.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hairbell</h1>
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<hw>Hair"bell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Harebell</er>.</def>

<h1>Hairbird</h1>
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<hw>Hair"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The chipping sparrow.</def>

<h1>Hairbrained</h1>
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<hw>Hair"brained`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Harebrained</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Hairbreadth, Hair'sbreadth</h1>
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<hw>Hair"breadth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hair's"breadth`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>. <def>The diameter or breadth of a hair; a very small distance; sometimes, definitely, the forty-eighth part of an inch.</def>

<blockquote>Every one could sling stones at an <b>hairbreadth</b> and not miss.
<i>Judg. xx. 16</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hairbreadth</h1>
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<hw>Hair"breadth`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the breadth of a hair; very narrow; <as>as, a <ex>hairbreadth</ex> escape</as>.</def>

<h1>Hair-brown</h1>
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<hw>Hair"-brown`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a clear tint of brown, resembling brown human hair. It is composed of equal proportions of red and green.</def>

<h1>Hairbrush</h1>
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<hw>Hair"brush`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A brush for cleansing and smoothing the hair.</def>

<h1>Haircloth</h1>
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<hw>Hair"cloth`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Stuff or cloth made wholly or in part of hair.</def>

<h1>Hairdresser</h1>
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<hw>Hair"dress`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dresses or cuts hair; a barber.</def>

<h1>Haired</h1>
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<hw>Haired</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having hair.</def> "A beast <i>haired</i> like a bear."

<i>Purchas.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In composition: Having (such) hair; <as>as, red-<ex>haired</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Hairen</h1>
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<hw>Hai"ren</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/ren</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hairy.</def> <mark>[Obc.]</mark>

<blockquote>His <b>hairen</b> shirt and his ascetic diet.
<i>J. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hair grass</h1>
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<hw>Hair" grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A grass with very slender leaves or branches; as the <spn>Agrostis scabra</spn>, and several species of <spn>Aira</spn> or <spn>Deschampsia</spn>.</def>

<h1>Hairiness</h1>
<Xpage=664>

<hw>Hair"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of abounding, or being covered, with hair.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Hairless</h1>
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<hw>Hair"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of hair.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hairpin</h1>
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<hw>Hair"pin`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pin, usually forked, or of bent wire, for fastening the hair in place, -- used by women.</def>

<h1>Hair-salt</h1>
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<hw>Hair"-salt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A translation of G. <ets>haarsalz</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of native Epsom salt occurring in silky fibers.</def>

<h1>Hairsplitter</h1>
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<hw>Hair"split`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes excessively nice or needless distinctions in reasoning; one who quibbles.</def> "The caviling <i>hairsplitter</i>."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Hairsplitting</h1>
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<hw>Hair"split`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making excessively nice or trivial distinctions in reasoning; subtle.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or practice of making trivial distinctions.</def></def2>

<blockquote>The ancient <b>hairsplitting</b> technicalities of special pleading.
<i>Charles Sumner.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hairspring</h1>
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<hw>Hair"spring`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Horology)</fld> <def>The slender recoil spring which regulates the motion of the balance in a timepiece.</def>

<h1>Hairstreak</h1>
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<hw>Hair"streak`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A butterfly of the genus <spn>Thecla</spn>; <as>as, the green <ex>hairstreak</ex> (<spn>T. rubi</spn>).</as></def>

<h1>Hairtail</h1>
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<hw>Hair"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of marine fishes of the genus <spn>Trichiurus</spn>; esp., <spn>T. lepterus</spn> of Europe and America. They are long and like a band, with a slender, pointed tail. Called also <altname>bladefish</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hairworm</h1>
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<hw>Hair"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A nematoid worm of the genus <spn>Gordius</spn>, resembling a hair. See <er>Gordius</er>.</def>

<h1>Hairy</h1>
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<hw>Hair"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bearing or covered with hair; made of or resembling hair; rough with hair; rough with hair; rough with hair; hirsute.</def>

<blockquote>His mantle <b>hairy</b>, and his bonnet sedge.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Haitian</h1>
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<hw>Hai"ti*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Haytian</er>.</def><-- Now the preferred spelling. -->

<h1>Haye</h1>
<Xpage=664>

<hw>Ha"ye</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>hayya</ets> snake.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Egyptian asp or cobra (<spn>Naja haje</spn>.) It is related to the cobra of India, and like the latter has the power of inflating its neck into a hood. Its bite is very venomous. It is supposed to be the snake by means of whose bite Cleopatra committed suicide, and hence is sometimes called <altname>Cleopatra's snake</altname> or <altname>asp</altname>. See <er>Asp</er>.</def>

<h1>Hake</h1>
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<hw>Hake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hatch</er> a half door.]</ety> <def>A drying shed, as for unburned tile.</def>

<h1>Hake</h1>
<Xpage=664>

<hw>Hake</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Also <asp>haak</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Akin to Norweg. <ets>hake</ets>fisk, lit., hook fish, Prov. E. <ets>hake</ets> hook, G. <ets>hecht</ets> pike. See <er>Hook</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of marine gadoid fishes, of the genera <spn>Phycis</spn>, <spn>Merlucius</spn>, and allies. The common European hake is <spn>M. vulgaris</spn>; the American silver hake or whiting is <spn>M. bilinearis</spn>. Two American species (<spn>Phycis chuss</spn> and <spn>P. tenius</spn>) are important food fishes, and are also valued for their oil and sounds. Called also <altname>squirrel hake</altname>, and <altname>codling</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hake</h1>
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<hw>Hake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To loiter; to sneak.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Hake's-dame</h1>
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<hw>Hake's"-dame`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Forkbeard</er>.</def>

<h1>Haketon</h1>
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<hw>Hak"e*ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Acton</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hakim</h1>
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<hw>Ha*kim"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>hak\'c6m</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wise man; a physician, esp. a Mohammedan.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Hakim</h1>
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<hw>Ha"kim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>h\'bekim</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Mohammedan title for a ruler; a judge.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Halacha</h1>
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<hw>Ha*la"cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl</plu>. <plw>Halachoth</plw>(<?/) <ety>[Heb. <ets>hal\'bech\'beh</ets>.]</ety> <def>The general term for the Hebrew oral or traditional law; one of two branches of exposition in the Midrash. See <er>Midrash</er>.</def>

<h1>Ha-lation</h1>
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<hw>Ha-la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>An appearance as of a halo of light, surround the edges of dark object<?/ in a photographic picture.</def>

<h1>Halberd</h1>
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<hw>Hal"berd</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hallebarde</ets>; of German origin; cf. MHG. <ets>helmbarte</ets>, G. <ets>hellebarte</ets>; prob. orig., an ax to split a helmet, fr. G. <ets>barte</ets> a broad ax (orig. from the same source as E. <ets>beard</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>bar<?/a</ets>, a kind of ax, <ets>skegg</ets> beard, <ets>skeggia</ets> a kind of halberd) + <ets>helm</ets> helmet; but cf. also MNG. <ets>helm</ets>, <ets>halm</ets>, handle, and E. <ets>helve</ets>. See <er>Beard</er>, <er>Helmet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An ancient long-handled weapon, of which the head had a point and several long, sharp edges, curved or straight, and sometimes additional points. The heads were sometimes of very elaborate form.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>halbert</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Halberdier</h1>
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<hw>Hal`berd*ier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hallebardier</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who is armed with a halberd.</def>

<i>Strype.</i>

<h1>Halberd-shaped</h1>
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<hw>Hal"berd-shaped`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hastate.</def>

<h1>Halcyon</h1>
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<hw>Hal"cy*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>halcyon</ets>, <ets>alcyon</ets>, Gr.<?/: F. <ets>halcyon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kingfisher. By modern ornithologists restricted to a genus including a limited number of species having omnivorous habits, as the sacred kingfisher (<spn>Halcyon sancta</spn>) of Australia.</def>

<blockquote>Amidst our arms as quiet you shall be
As <b>halcyons</b> brooding on a winter sea.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Halcyon</h1>
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<hw>Hal"cy*on</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the halcyon, which was anciently said to lay her eggs in nests on or near the sea during the calm weather about the winter solstice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Calm; quiet; peaceful; undisturbed; happy.</def> "Deep, <i>halcyon</i> repose."

<i>De Quincy.</i>

<h1>Halcyonian</h1>
<Xpage=664>

<hw>Hal`cy*o"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Halcyon; calm.</def>

<h1>Halcyonold</h1>
<Xpage=664>

<hw>Hal"cy*o*nold</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Halcyon</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Alcyonoid</er>.</def>

<h1>Hale</h1>
<Xpage=664>

<hw>Hale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>heil</ets>, Icel. <ets>heill</ets>; akin to E. <ets>whole</ets>. See <er>Whole</er>.]</ety> <def>Sound; entire; healthy; robust; not impaired; <as>as, a <ex>hale</ex> body</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Last year we thought him strong and <b>hale</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hale</h1>
<Xpage=664>

<hw>Hale</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Welfare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All heedless of his dearest <b>hale</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hale</h1>
<Xpage=664>

<hw>Hale</hw> <tt>(h&amac;l &or; h&add;l; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Haled</er> <tt>(h\'beld &or; h&add;ld)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Haling</er>.]</wordforms><def> <ety>[OE. <ets>halen</ets>, <ets>halien</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>holian</ets>, to acquire, get. See <er>Haul</er>.]</ety> <def>To pull; to drag; to haul</def>.  See <er>Haul</er>.

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Easier both to freight, and to <b>hale</b> ashore.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As some dark priest <b>hales</b> the reluctant victim.
<i>Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Halesia</h1>
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<hw>Ha*le"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of American shrubs containing several species, called <i>snowdrop trees</i>, or silver-bell trees. They have showy, white flowers, drooping on slender pedicels.</def>

<h1>Half</h1>
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<hw>Half</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>healf</ets>, <ets>half</ets>, half; as a noun, half, side, part; akin to OS., OFries., & D. <ets>half</ets>, G. <ets>halb</ets>, Sw. <ets>half</ets>, Dan. <ets>halv</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'belfr</ets>, Goth. <ets>halbs</ets>. Cf. <er>Halve</er>, <er>Behalf</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of a moiety, or half; <as>as, a <ex>half</ex> bushel; a <ex>half</ex> hour; a <ex>half</ex> dollar; a <ex>half</ex> view.</as></def>

<note>&hand; The adjective and noun are often united to form a compound.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of some indefinite portion resembling a half; approximately a half, whether more or less; partial; imperfect; <as>as, a <ex>half</ex> dream; <ex>half</ex> knowledge.</as></def>

<blockquote>Assumed from thence a <b>half</b> consent.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Half ape</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a lemur.</cd> -- <col>Half back</col>. <fld>(Football)</fld> <cd>See under 2d <er>Back</er>.</cd> -- <col>Half bent</col>, <cd>the first notch, for the sear point to enter, in the tumbler of a gunlock; the halfcock notch.</cd> -- <col>Half binding</col>, <cd>a style of bookbinding in which only the back and corners are in leather.</cd> -- <col>Half boarder</col>, <cd>one who boards in part; specifically, a scholar at a boarding school who takes dinner only.</cd> -- <col>Half-breadth plan</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>a horizontal plan of the half a vessel, divided lengthwise, showing the lines.</cd> -- <col>Half cadence</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a cadence on the dominant.</cd> -- <col>Half cap</col>, <cd>a slight salute with the cap. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>A half cock</col>, <cd>the position of the cock of a gun when retained by the first notch.</cd><-- half cocked: see below, halfcocked: = unprepared, lacking forethought; -- as in go off half cocked --> -- <col>Half hitch</col>, <cd>a sailor's knot in a rope; half of a clove hitch.</cd> -- <col>Half hose</col>, <cd>short stockings; socks.</cd> -- <col>Half measure</col>, <cd>an imperfect or weak line of action.</cd> -- <col>Half note</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a minim, one half of a semibreve.</cd> -- <col>Half pay</col>, <cd>half of the wages or salary; reduced pay; as, an officer on <i>half pay<i>.</cd> -- <col>Half price</col>, <cd>half the ordinary price; or a price much reduced.</cd> -- <col>Half round</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>A molding of semicircular section.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <cd>Having one side flat and the other rounded; -- said of a file.</cd> -- <col>Half shift</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a position of the hand, between the open position and the first shift, in playing on the violin and kindred instruments. See <er>Shift</er>.</cd> -- <col>Half step</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a semitone; the smallest difference of pitch or interval, used in music.</cd> -- <col>Half tide</col>, <cd>the time or state of the tide equally distant from ebb and flood.</cd> -- <col>Half time</col>, <cd>half the ordinary time for work or attendance; as, the <i>half-time<i> system.</cd> -- <col>Half tint</col> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld>, <cd>a middle or intermediate tint, as in drawing or painting. See <er>Demitint</er>.</cd> -- <col>Half truth</col>, <cd>a statement only partially true, or which gives only a part of the truth. <i>Mrs. Browning</i>.</cd> -- <col>Half year</col>, <cd>the space of six moths; one term of a school when there are two terms in a year.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="665">
Page 665<p>

<h1>Half</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an equal part or degree; in some pa<?/ appro<?/mating a half; partially; imperfectly; <as>as, <ex>half</ex>-colored, <ex>half</ex> done, <ex>half</ex>-hearted, <ex>half</ex> persuaded, <ex>half</ex> conscious</as>.</def> "<i>Half</i> loth and <i>half</i> consenting."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Their children spoke <b>half</b>in the speech of Ashdod.
<i>Neh. xiii. 24</i></blockquote>

<h1>Half</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Halves</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>healf</ets>. See <er>Half</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Part; side; behalf.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<blockquote>The four <b>halves</b> of the house.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of two equal parts into which anything may be divided, or considered as divided; -- sometimes followed by <i>of</i>; <as>as, a <ex>half</ex> of an apple</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Not <b>half</b> his riches known, and yet despised.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A friendship so complete
Portioned in <b>halves</b> between us.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Better half</col>. <cd>See under <er>Better</er>. -- <col>In half</col>, <cd>in two; an expression sometimes used improperly instead of <i>in &or; into halves<i>; as, to cut <i>in half<i>.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <i>Dickens</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>In, &or; On</col>, <col>one's half</col>, <cd>in one's behalf; on one's part.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>To cry halves</col>, <cd>to claim an equal share with another.</cd> -- <col>To go halves</col>, <cd>to share equally between two.</cd></cs>

<h1>Half</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To halve. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Halve</er>.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Half-and-half</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half`-and-half"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mixture of two malt liquors, esp. porter and ale, in about equal parts.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Halfbeak</h1>
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<hw>Half"beak`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any slender, marine fish of the genus <spn>Hemirhamphus</spn>, having the upper jaw much shorter than the lower; -- called also <altname>balahoo</altname>.</def>

<h1>Half blood</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half" blood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>The relation between persons born of the same father or of the same mother, but not of both; <as>as, a brother or sister of the <ex>half blood</ex></as>. See <er>Blood</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2 and 4.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person so related to another.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person whose father and mother are of different races; a half-breed.</def>

<note>&hand; In the 2d and 3d senses usually with a hyphen.</note>

<h1>Half-blooded</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-blood`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Proceeding from a male and female of different breeds or races; having only one parent of good stock; <as>as, a <ex>half-blooded</ex> sheep</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Degenerate; mean.</def>

<h1>Half-boot</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-boot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A boot with a short top covering only the ankle. See <er>Cocker</er>, and <i>Congress boot</i>, under <er>Congress</er>.</def>

<h1>Half-bound</h1>
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<hw>Half"-bound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Having only the back and corners in leather, as a book.</def>

<h1>Half-bred</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-bred`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Half-blooded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Imperfectly acquainted with the rules of good-breeding; not well trained.</def>

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<h1>Half-breed</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-breed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Half-blooded.</def>

<h1>Half-breed</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-breed`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who is blooded; the offspring of parents of different races, especially of the American Indian and the white race.</def>

<h1>Half-brother</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-broth`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A brother by one parent, but not by both.</def>

<h1>Half-caste</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-caste`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One born of a European parent on the one side, and of a Hindoo or Mohammedan on the other. Also adjective; <as>as, <ex>half-caste</ex> parents</as>.</def>

<h1>Half-clammed</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-clammed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Half-filled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lions' <b>half-clammed</b> entrails roar food.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Halfcock</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"cock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Halfcocked</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Halfcocking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To set the cock of (a firearm) at the first notch.</def>

<cs><col>To go off halfcocked</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be discharged prematurely, or with the trigger at half cock; -- said of a firearm.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To do or say something without due thought or care. <mark>[Colloq. or Low]</mark></cd></cs>
<-- now written half-cocked -->

<h1>Half-cracked</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-cracked`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Half-demented; half-witted.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Half-deck</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-deck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A shell of the genus <spn>Crepidula</spn>; a boat shell. See <er>Boat shell</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <cref>Half deck</cref>, under <er>Deck</er>.</def>

<h1>Half-decked</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-decked`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Partially decked.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>half-decked</b> craft . . . used by the latter Vikings.
<i>Elton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Halfen</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Half</er>.]</ety> <def>Wanting half its due qualities.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spencer.</i>

<h1>Halfendeal</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"en*deal`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>halfendele</ets>. See <er>Half</er>, and <er>Deal</er>.]</ety> <def>Half; by the part.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A half part.</def></def2> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. of Brunne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Halfer</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who possesses or gives half only; one who shares.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A male fallow deer gelded.</def>

<i>Pegge (1814).</i>

<h1>Half-faced</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Showing only part of the face; wretched looking; meager.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Half-fish</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A salmon in its fifth year of growth.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Half-hatched</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-hatched`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Imperfectly hatched; <as>as, <ex>half-hatched</ex> eggs</as>.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Half-heard</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-heard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Imperfectly or partly heard to the end.</def>

<blockquote>And leave <b>half-heard</b> the melancholy tale.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Half-hearted</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanting in heart or spirit; ungenerous; unkind.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lacking zeal or courage; lukewarm.</def>
<-- (of actions) not performed with full effort -->

<i>H. James.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Half-hourly</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-hour`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Done or happening at intervals of half an hour.</def>

<h1>Half-learned</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-learned`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Imperfectly learned.</def>

<h1>Half-length</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-length`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of half the whole or ordinary length, as a picture.</def>

<h1>Half-mast</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-mast`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A point some distance below the top of a mast or staff; <as>as, a flag a <ex>half-mast</ex> (a token of mourning, etc</as>.).</def>

<h1>Half-moon</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-moon`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The moon at the quarters, when half its disk appears illuminated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The shape of a half-moon; a crescent.</def>

<blockquote>See how in warlike muster they appear,
In rhombs, and wedges, and <b>half-moons</b>, and wings.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>An outwork composed of two faces, forming a salient angle whose gorge resembles a half-moon; -- now called a <altname>ravelin</altname>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine, sparoid, food fish of California (<spn>C\'91siosoma Californiense</spn>). The body is ovate, blackish above, blue or gray below. Called also <altname>medialuna</altname>.</def>

<h1>Halfness</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being half; incompleteness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>As soon as there is any departure from simplicity, and attempt at <b>halfness</b>, or good for me that is not good for him, my neighbor feels the wrong.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Halfpace</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"pace`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A platform of a staircase where the stair turns back in exactly the reverse direction of the lower flight. See <er>Quarterpace</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; This term and <i>quartepace</i> are rare or unknown in the United States, <altname>platform</altname> or <altname>landing</altname> being used instead.</note>

<h1>Half-pike</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-pike`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A short pike, sometimes carried by officers of infantry, sometimes used in boarding ships; a spontoon.</def>

<i>Tatler.</i>

<h1>Half-port</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-port`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One half of a shutter made in two parts for closing a porthole.</def>

<h1>Half-ray</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-ray`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A straight line considered as drawn from a center to an indefinite distance in one direction, the complete ray being the whole line drawn to an indefinite distance in both directions.</def>

<h1>Half-read</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-read`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Informed by insufficient reading; superficial; shallow.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Half seas over</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half" seas` o`ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Half drunk.</def> <mark>[Slang: used only predicatively.]</mark>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<h1>Half-sighted</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-sight`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Seeing imperfectly; having weak discernment.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Half-sister</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-sis`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sister by one parent only.</def>

<h1>Half-strained</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-strained`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Half-bred; imperfect.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A <i>half-strained</i> villain."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Half-sword</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-sword`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Half the length of a sword; close fight.</def> "At <i>half-sword</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Half-timbered</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-tim`bered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Constructed of a timber frame, having the spaces filled in with masonry; -- said of buildings.</def>

<h1>Half-tounue</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-tounue`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(O. Law)</fld> <def>A jury, for the trial of a fore foreigner, composed equally of citizens and aliens.</def>

<h1>Halfway</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the middle; at half the distance; imperfectly; partially; <as>as, he <ex>halfway</ex> yielded</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Temples proud to meet their gods <b>halfway</b>.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Halfway</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"way`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Equally distant from the extremes; situated at an intermediate point; midway.</def>

<cs><col>Halfway covenant</col>, <cd>a practice among the Congregational churches of New England, between 1657 and 1662, of permitting baptized persons of moral life and orthodox faith to enjoy all the privileges of church membership, save the partaking of the Lord's Supper. They were also allowed to present their children for baptism.</cd> -- <col>Halfway house</col>, <cd>an inn or place of call midway on a journey.</cd></cs>

<h1>Half-wit</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-wit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A foolish; a dolt; a blockhead; a dunce.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Half-witted</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-wit`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Weak in intellect; silly.</def>

<h1>Half-yearly</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Half"-year`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Two in a year; semiannual. -- <i>adv</i>. Twice in a year; semiannually.</def>

<h1>Halibut</h1>
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<hw>Hal"i*but</hw> <tt>(?;277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hali</ets> holy + <ets>but</ets>, <ets>butte</ets>, flounder; akin to D. <ets>bot</ets>, G. <ets>butte</ets>; cf. D. <ets>heilbot</ets>, G. <ets>heilbutt</ets>. So named as being eaten on holidays. See <er>Holy</er>, <er>Holiday</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, northern, marine flatfish (<spn>Hippoglossus vulgaris</spn>), of the family <spn>Pleuronectid\'91</spn>. It often grows very large, weighing more than three hundred pounds. It is an important food fish.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>holibut</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Halichondri\'91</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Hal`i*chon"dri*\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, sea + <?/ cartilage.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of sponges, having simple siliceous spicules and keratose fibers; -- called also <altname>Keratosilicoidea</altname>.</def>

<h1>Halicore</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Hal"i*core</hw> <tt>(?; L.?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.<?/ sea + <?/ maiden.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Dugong</er>.</def>

<h1>Halidom</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Hal"i*dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h\'beligd<?/m</ets> holiness, sacrament, sanctuary, relics; <ets>h\'belig</ets> holy + <ets>-d<?/m</ets>, E. <ets>-dom</ets>. See <er>Holy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Holiness; sanctity; sacred oath; sacred things; sanctuary; -- used chiefly in oaths.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>So God me help and <b>halidom</b>.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By my <b>halidom</b>, I was fast asleep.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Holy doom; the Last Day.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shipley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Halieutics</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Hal`i*eu"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>halieuticus</ets> pertaining to fishing, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A treatise upon fish or the art of fishing; ichthyology.</def>

<h1>Halmas</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Hal"mas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hallowmas</er>.]</ety> <def>The feast of All Saints; Hallowmas.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Haliographer</h1>
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<hw>Ha`li*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who writes about or describes the sea.</def>

<h1>Haliography</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Ha`li*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the sea + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Description of the sea; the science that treats of the sea.</def>

<h1>Haliotis</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Ha`li*o"tis</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ sea + <?/, <?/, ear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine shells; the ear-shells. See <er>Abalone</er>.</def>

<h1>Haliotoid</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Ha"li*o*toid`</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Haliots</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the genus <spn>Haliotis</spn>; ear-shaped.</def>

<h1>Halisauria</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Hal`i*sau"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.<?/, <?/, sea + <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>The Enaliosauria.</def>

<h1>Halite</h1>
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<hw>Ha"lite</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ salt.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native salt; sodium chloride.</def>

<h1>Halituous</h1>
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<hw>Ha*lit"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>halitus</ets> breath, vapor, fr. <ets>halare</ets> to breathe: cf. F. <ets>halitueux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Produced by, or like, breath; vaporous.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Halk</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Halk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nook; a corner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hall</h1>
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<hw>Hall</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>halle</ets>, <ets>hal</ets>, AS. <ets>heal</ets>, <ets>heall</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hal</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>halla</ets>, G. <ets>halle</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'94lt</ets>, and prob. from a root meaning, to hide, conceal, cover. See <er>Hell</er>, <er>Helmet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A building or room of considerable size and stateliness, used for public purposes; <as>as, Westminster <ex>Hall</ex>, in London</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The chief room in a castle or manor house, and in early times the only public room, serving as the place of gathering for the lord's family with the retainers and servants, also for cooking and eating. It was often contrasted with the <i>bower</i>, which was the private or sleeping apartment.</def>

<blockquote>Full sooty was her bower and eke her <b>hall</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

Hence, as the entrance from outside was directly into the hall: <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A vestibule, entrance room, etc., in the more elaborated buildings of later times.</def> Hence: <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Any corridor or passage in a building</def>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A name given to many manor houses because the magistrate's court was held in the hall of his mansion; a chief mansion house.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A college in an English university (at Oxford, an unendowed college).</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The apartment in which English university students dine in common; hence, the dinner itself; <as>as, <ex>hall</ex> is at six o'clock</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Cleared passageway in a crowd; -- formerly an exclamation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>hall</i>! a <i>hall</i>!"

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Entry; court; passage. See <er>Vestibule</er>.</syn>

<h1>Hallage</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Hall"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A fee or toll paid for goods sold in a hall.</def>

<h1>Halleluiah, Hallelujah</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hal`le*lu"iah</hw>, <hw>Hal`le*lu"jah</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & interj.</tt> <ety>[Heb. See <er>Alleluia</er>.]</ety> <def>Praise ye Jehovah; praise ye the Lord; -- an exclamation used chiefly in songs of praise or thanksgiving to God, and as an expression of gratitude or adoration.</def>

<i>Rev. xix. 1 (Rev. Ver. ) </i>

<blockquote>So sung they, and the empyrean rung
With <b>Hallelujahs</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In those days, as St. Jerome tells us,"any one as he walked in the fields, might hear the plowman at his <b>hallelujahs</b>."
<i>Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hallelujatic</h1>
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<hw>Hal`le*lu*jat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, hallelujahs.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Halliard</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Hal"liard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Halyard</er>.</def>

<h1>Hallidome</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Hal"li*dome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Halidom</er>.</def>

<h1>Hallier</h1>
<Xpage=665>

<hw>Hal"li*er</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Hale</er> to pull.]</ety> <def>A kind of net for catching birds.</def>

<h1>Hall-mark</h1>
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<hw>Hall"-mark`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The official stamp of the Goldsmiths' Company and other assay offices, in the United Kingdom, on gold and silver articles, attesting their purity. Also used figuratively; -- as, a word or phrase lacks the <i>hall-mark</i> of the best writers.</def>

<h1>Halloa</h1>
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<hw>Hal*loa"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Halloo</er>.</def>

<h1>Halloo</h1>
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<hw>Hal*loo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. fr. <ets>ah + lo</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>eal\'be</ets>, G. <ets>halloh</ets>, F. <ets>haler</ets> to set (a dog) on. Cf. <er>Hollo</er>, <ets>interj</ets>.]</ety> <def>A loud exclamation; a call to invite attention or to incite a person or an animal; a shout.</def>

<blockquote>List! List! I hear
Some far off <b>halloo</b> break the silent air.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Halloo</h1>
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<hw>Hal*loo"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hallooed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Halloing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cry out; to exclaim with a loud voice; to call to a person, as by the word <i>halloo</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Country folks <b>hallooed</b> and hooted after me.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Halloo</h1>
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<hw>Hal*loo"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To encourage with shouts.</def>

<blockquote>Old John <b>hallooes</b> his hounds again.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To chase with shouts or outcries.</def>

<blockquote>If I fly . . . <b>Halloo</b> me like a hare.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To call or shout to; to hail.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Halloo</h1>
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<hw>Hal*loo"</hw>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>halow</ets>. See <er>Halloo</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>An exclamation to call attention or to encourage one.</def>

<h1>Hallow</h1>
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<hw>Hal"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hallowed</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hallowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>halowen</ets>, <ets>halwien</ets>, <ets>halgien</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'belgian</ets>, fr. <ets>h\'belig</ets> holy. See <er>Holy</er>.]</ety> <def>To make holy; to set apart for holy or religious use; to consecrate; to treat or keep as sacred; to reverence.</def> "<i>Hallowed</i> be thy name."

<i>Matt. vi. 9.</i>

<blockquote><b>Hallow</b> the Sabbath day, to do no work therein.
<i>Jer. xvii. 24.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His secret altar touched with <b>hallowed</b> fire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In a larger sense . . . we can not <b>hallow</b> this ground [Gettysburg].
<i>A. Lincoln.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Halloween</h1>
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<hw>Hal`low*een"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The evening preceding Allhallows or All Saints' Day.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark><-- October 31 -->

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Hallowmas</h1>
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<hw>Hal"low*mas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mass</er> the eucharist.]</ety> <def>The feast of All Saints, or Allhallows.</def>

<blockquote>To speak puling, like a beggar at <b>Hallowmas</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Halloysite</h1>
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<hw>Hal*loy"site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after Omalius d'<ets>Halloy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A claylike mineral, occurring in soft, smooth, amorphous masses, of a whitish color.</def>

<h1>Hallucal</h1>
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<hw>Hal"lu*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the hallux.</def>

<h1>Hallucinate</h1>
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<hw>Hal*lu"ci*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hallucinatus</ets>, <ets>alucinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>hallucinari</ets>, <ets>alucinari</ets>, to wander in mind, talk idly, dream.]</ety> <def>To wander; to go astray; to err; to blunder; -- used of mental processes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Hallucination</h1>
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<hw>Hal*lu`ci*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hallucinatio<?/</ets> cf. F. <ets>hallucination</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of hallucinating; a wandering of the mind; error; mistake; a blunder.</def>

<blockquote>This must have been the <b>hallucination</b> of the transcriber.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
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<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The perception of objects which have no reality, or of sensations which have no corresponding external cause, arising from disorder or the nervous system, as in delirium tremens; delusion.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hallucinations</b> are always evidence of cerebral derangement and are common phenomena of insanity.
<i>W. A. Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hallucinator</h1>
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<hw>Hal*lu"ci*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One whose judgment and acts are affected by hallucinations; one who errs on account of his hallucinations.</def>

<i>N. Brit. Rev.</i>

<h1>Hallucinatory</h1>
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<hw>Hal*lu"ci*na*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Partaking of, or tending to produce, hallucination.</def>

<h1>Hallux</h1>
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<hw>Hal"lux</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>hallex</ets>, <ets>allex</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The first, or preaxial, digit of the hind limb, corresponding to the pollux in the fore limb; the great toe; the hind toe of birds.</def>

<h1>Halm</h1>
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<hw>Halm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Haulm</er>.</def>

<h1>Halma</h1>
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<hw>Hal"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to leap.]</ety> <fld>(Greek Antiq.)</fld> <def>The long jump, with weights in the hands, -- the most important of the exercises of the Pentathlon.</def>

<h1>Halo</h1>
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<hw>Ha"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Halos</plw>(<?/)</plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>halos</ets>, acc. <ets>halo</ets>, Gr. <?/ a thrashing floor, also (from its round shape) the disk of the sun or moon, and later a halo round it; cf. Gr. <?/ to enfold, <?/ to roll round, L. <ets>volvere</ets>, and E. <ets>voluble</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A luminous circle, usually prismatically colored, round the sun or moon, and supposed to be caused by the refraction of light through crystals of ice in the atmosphere. Connected with halos there are often white bands, crosses, or arches, resulting from the same atmospheric conditions.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A circle of light; especially, the bright ring represented in painting as surrounding the heads of saints and other holy persons; a glory; a nimbus.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An ideal glory investing, or affecting one's perception of, an object.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A colored circle around a nipple; an areola.</def>

<h1>Halo</h1>
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<hw>Ha"lo</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Haloed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Haloing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To form, or surround with, a halo; to encircle with, or as with, a halo.</def>

<blockquote>The fire
That <b>haloed</b> round his saintly brow.
<i>Sothey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Haloed</h1>
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<hw>Ha"loed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Surrounded with a halo; invested with an ideal glory; glorified.</def>

<blockquote>Some <b>haloed</b> face bending over me.
<i>C. Bront\'82.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Halogen</h1>
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<hw>Hal"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"a`ls</grk>, <grk>"alo`s</grk>, salt + <ets>-gen</ets>: cf. F. <ets>halog\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An electro-negative element or radical, which, by combination with a metal, forms a haloid salt; especially, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; sometimes, also, fluorine and cyanogen. See <cref>Chlorine family</cref>, under <er>Chlorine</er>.</def>

<h1>Halogenous</h1>
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<hw>Ha*log"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of a halogen.</def>

<h1>Haloid</h1>
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<hw>Ha"loid</hw> <tt>(? or ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"a`ls</grk>, <grk>"alo`s</grk> salt + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cal<?/<?/de</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Resembling salt; -- said of certain binary compounds consisting of a metal united to a negative element or radical, and now chiefly applied to the chlorides, bromides, iodides, and sometimes also to the fluorides and cyanides.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A haloid substance.</def></def2>

<h1>Halomancy</h1>
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<hw>Hal"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Alomancy</er>.</def>

<h1>Halometer</h1>
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<hw>Ha*lom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"a`ls</grk>, <grk>"alo`s</grk>, salt + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the forms and angles of salts and crystals; a goniometer.</def>

<h1>Halones</h1>
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<hw>Ha*lo"nes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a halo.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Alternating transparent and opaque white rings which are seen outside the blastoderm, on the surface of the developing egg of the hen and other birds.</def>

<h1>Halophyte</h1>
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<hw>Hal"o*phyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"a`ls</grk>, <grk>"alo`s</grk>, salt + <?/ a plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant found growing in salt marshes, or in the sea.</def>

<h1>Haloscope</h1>
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<hw>Ha"lo*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Halo</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for exhibition or illustration of the phenomena of halos, parhelia, and the like.</def>

<h1>Halotrichite</h1>
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<hw>Hal*o*tri"chite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"a`ls</grk> sea + <grk>fri`x</grk>, <grk>tricho`s</grk>, hair.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An iron alum occurring in silky fibrous aggregates of a yellowish white color.</def>

<h1>Haloxyline</h1>
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<hw>Ha*lox"y*line</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"a`ls</grk>, <grk>"alo`s</grk>, salt + <grk>xy`lon</grk> wood.]</ety> <def>An explosive mixture, consisting of sawdust, charcoal, niter, and ferrocyanide of potassium, used as a substitute for gunpowder.</def>

<h1>Halp</h1>
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<hw>Halp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <mord>of <er>Help</er></mord>. <def>Helped.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Halpace</h1>
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<hw>Hal"pace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Haut pas</er>.</def>

<h1>Hals</h1>
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<hw>Hals</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>heals</ets>; akin to D., G., & Goth. <ets>hals</ets>. See <er>Collar</er>.]</ety> <def>The neck or throat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Do me hangen by the <b>hals</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Halse</h1>
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<hw>Halse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>healsian</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To embrace about the neck; to salute; to greet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Each other kissed glad
And lovely <b>halst</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To adjure; to beseech; to entreat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>O dere child, I <b>halse</b> thee,
In virtue of the Holy Trinity.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Halse</h1>
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<hw>Halse</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Halsed</er> <tt>(h?lst)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Halsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hawser</er>.]</ety> <def>To haul; to hoist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Halsening</h1>
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<hw>Hal"sen*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sounding harshly in the throat; inharmonious; rough.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Halser</h1>
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<hw>Hals"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hawser</er>.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Halt</h1>
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<hw>Halt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>3d pers. sing. pres.</tt> of <er>Hold</er>, contraction for <i>holdeth</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Halt</h1>
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<hw>Halt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formerly <ets>alt</ets>, It. <ets>alto</ets>, G. <ets>halt</ets>, fr. <ets>halten</ets> to hold. See <er>Hold</er>.]</ety> <def>A stop in marching or walking, or in any action; arrest of progress.</def>

<blockquote>Without any <b>halt</b> they marched.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[Lovers] soon in passion's war contest,
Yet in their march soon make a <b>halt</b>.
<i>Davenant.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Halt</h1>
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<hw>Halt</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Halted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Halting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hold one's self from proceeding; to hold up; to cease progress; to stop for a longer or shorter period; to come to a stop; to stand still.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stand in doubt whether to proceed, or what to do; to h<?/sitate; to be uncertain.</def>

<blockquote>How long <b>halt</b> ye between two opinions?
<i>1 Kings xviii. 21</i></blockquote>

<h1>Halt</h1>
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<hw>Halt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To cause to cease marching; to stop; <as>as, the general <ex>halted</ex> his troops for refreshment</as>.</def>

<h1>Halt</h1>
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<hw>Halt</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>healt</ets>; akin to OS., Dan., & Sw. <ets>halt</ets>, Icel. <ets>haltr</ets>, <ets>halltr</ets>, Goth. <ets>halts</ets>, OHG. <ets>halz</ets>.]</ety> <def>Halting or stopping in walking; lame.</def>

<blockquote>Bring in hither the poor, and the maimed, and the <b>halt</b>, and the blind.
<i>Luke xiv. 21. </i></blockquote>

<h1>Halt</h1>
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<hw>Halt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of limping; lameness.</def>

<h1>Halt</h1>
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<hw>Halt</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>halten</ets>, AS. <ets>healtian</ets>. See <er>Halt</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To walk lamely; to limp.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have an irregular rhythm; to be defective.</def>

<blockquote>The blank verse shall <b>halt</b> for it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Halter</h1>
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<hw>Halt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who halts or limps<?/ a cripple.</def>

<h1>Halter</h1>
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<hw>Hal"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>halter</ets>, <ets>helter</ets>, <ets>helfter</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'91lftre</ets>; akin to G. <ets>halfter</ets>, D. <ets>halfter</ets>, <ets>halster</ets>, and also to E. <ets>helve</ets>. See <er>Helve</er>.]</ety> <def>A strong strap or cord. Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> A rope or strap, with or without a headstall, for leading or tying a horse. <sd>(b)</sd> A rope for hanging malefactors; a noose.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>No man e'er felt the <b>halter</b> draw
With good opinion of the law.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Halter</h1>
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<hw>Hal"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Haltered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Haltering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To tie by the neck with a rope, strap, or halter; to put a halter on; to subject to a hangman's halter.</def> "A <i>haltered</i> neck."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Halteres</h1>
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<hw>Hal*te"res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ weights used in jumping, fr. <?/ to leap.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Balancers; the rudimentary hind wings of Diptera.</def>

<h1>Halter-sack</h1>
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<hw>Hal"ter-sack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A term of reproach, implying that one is fit to be hanged. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></def>

<h1>Haltingly</h1>
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<hw>Halt"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a halting or limping manner.</def>

<h1>Halvans</h1>
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<hw>Hal"vans</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Impure ore; dirty ore.</def>

<h1>Halve</h1>
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<hw>Hal"ve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A half.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Halve</h1>
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<hw>Halve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Halved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Halving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Half</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To divide into two equal parts; <as>as, to <ex>halve</ex> an apple</as>; to be or form half of.</def>

<blockquote>So far apart their lives are thrown
From the twin soul that <b>halves</b> their own.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>To join, as two pieces of timber, by cutting away each for half its thickness at the joining place, and fitting together.</def>

<h1>Halved</h1>
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<hw>Halved</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Appearing as if one side, or one half, were cut away; dimidiate.</def>

<h1>Halves</h1>
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<hw>Halves</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <def><tt>pl.</tt> of <er>Half</er>.</def>

<cs><col>By halves</col>, <cd>by one half at once; halfway; fragmentarily; partially; incompletely.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>I can not believe by <b>halves</b>; either I have faith, or I have it not.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To go halves</col>. <cd>See under <er>Go</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Halwe</h1>
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<hw>Hal"we</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE., fr. AS. <ets>h\'belga</ets>. See <er>Holy</er>.]</ety> <def>A saint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hal'yard</h1>
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<hw>Hal'yard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hale</ets>, <tt>v. t.</tt> + <ets>yard</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope or tackle for hoisting or lowering yards, sails, flags, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>halliard</asp>, <asp>haulyard</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Halysites</h1>
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<hw>Hal`y*si"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a chain.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of Silurian fossil corals; the chain corals. See <cref>Chain coral</cref>, under <er>Chain</er>.</def>

<h1>Ham</h1>
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<hw>Ham</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Home.</def> <mark>[North of Eng.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ham</h1>
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<hw>Ham</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ham</ets>; akin to D. <ets>ham</ets>, dial. G. <ets>hamme</ets>, OHG. <ets>hamma</ets>. Perh. named from the bend at the ham, and akin to E. <ets>chamber</ets>. Cf. <er>Gammon</er> ham.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The region back of the knee joint; the popliteal space; the hock.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thigh of any animal; especially, the thigh of a hog cured by salting and smoking.</def>

<blockquote>A plentiful lack of wit, together with most weak <b>ham</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hamadryad</h1>
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<hw>Ham"a*dry`ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Hamadryads</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Hamadryades</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>Hamadryas</ets>, <ets>-adis</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ together + <?/ oak, tree: cf. F. <ets>hamadryade</ets>. See <er>Same</er>, and <er>Tree</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A tree nymph whose life ended with that of the particular tree, usually an oak, which had been her abode.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large venomous East Indian snake (<spn>Orhiophagus bungarus</spn>), allied to the cobras.</def>

<h1>Hamadryas</h1>
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<hw>Ha*ma"dry*as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a hamadryad. See <er>Hamadryad</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sacred baboon of Egypt (<spn>Cynocephalus Hamadryas</spn>).</def>

<h1>Hamamelis</h1>
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<hw>Ham`a*me"lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of medlar or service tree; <?/ at the same time + <?/ an apple, any tree fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants which includes the witch-hazel (<spn>Hamamelis Virginica</spn>), a preparation of which is used medicinally.</def>

<h1>Hamate</h1>
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<hw>Ha"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hamatus</ets>, fr. <ets>hamus</ets> hook.]</ety> <def>Hooked; bent at the end into a hook; hamous.</def>

<h1>Hamated</h1>
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<hw>Ha"ma*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hooked, or set with hooks; hamate.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Hamatum</h1>
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<hw>Ha*ma"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>hamatus</ets> hooked.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Unciform</er>.</def>

<h1>Hamble</h1>
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<hw>Ham"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hamelen</ets> to mutilate, AS. <ets>hamelian</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>hamal<?/n</ets> to mutilate, <ets>hamal</ets> mutilated, <ets>ham</ets> mutilated, Icel. <ets>hamla</ets> to mutilate. Cf.<er>Ham<?/er</er> to fetter.]</ety> <def>To hamstring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hamburg</h1>
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<hw>Ham"burg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A commercial city of Germany, near the mouth of the Elbe.</def>

<cs><col>Black Hamburg grape</col>. <cd>See under <er>Black</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hamburg <?/dging</col>, <cd>a kind of embroidered work done by machinery on cambric or muslin; -- used for trimming.</cd> -- <col>Hamburg lake</col>, <cd>a purplish crimson pigment resembling cochineal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hame</h1>
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<hw>Hame</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Home.</def> <mark>[Scot. & O. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Hame</h1>
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<hw>Hame</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>haims</ets>, <ets>hammys</ets>, <ets>hems</ets>, OE. <ets>ham</ets>; cf. D. <ets>haam</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of the two curved pieces of wood or metal, in the harness of a draught horse, to which the traces are fastened. They are fitted upon the collar, or have pads fitting the horse's neck attached to them.</def>

<h1>Hamel</h1>
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<hw>Ham"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>Same as <er>Hamele</er>.</def>

<h1>Hamesecken, Hamesucken</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hame"seck`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hame"suck`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h\'bems<?/cn</ets>. See <er>Home</er>, and <er>Seek</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The felonious seeking and invasion of a person in his dwelling house.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Hamiform</h1>
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<hw>Ha"mi*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hamus</ets> hook + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hook-shaped.</def>

<h1>Hamilton period</h1>
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<hw>Ham"il*ton pe"ri*od</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A subdivision of the Devonian system of America; -- so named from <i>Hamilton</i>, Madison Co., New York. It includes the Marcellus, Hamilton, and Genesee epochs or groups. See the Chart of <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Haminura</h1>
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<hw>Ham`i*nu"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large edible river fish (<spn>Erythrinus macrodon</spn>) of Guiana.</def>

<h1>Hamite</h1>
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<hw>Ha"mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>hamus</ets> hook.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil cephalopod of the genus <spn>Hamites</spn>, related to the ammonites, but having the last whorl bent into a hooklike form.</def>

<h1>Hamite</h1>
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<hw>Ham"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A descendant of Ham, Noah's second son. See Gen. x. 6-20.</def>

<h1>Haitic</h1>
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<hw>Ha*it"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Ham or his descendants.</def>

<cs><col>Hamitic languages</col>, <cd>the group of languages spoken mainly in the Sahara, Egypt, Galla, and Som&acir;li Land, and supposed to be allied to the Semitic.</cd></cs>

<i>Keith Johnson.</i>

<h1>Hamlet</h1>
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<hw>Ham"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OWE. <ets>hamelet</ets>, OF. <ets>hamelet</ets>, dim. of <ets>hamel</ets>, F. <ets>hameau</ets>, LL. <ets>hamellum</ets>, a dim. of German origin; cf. G. <ets>heim</ets> home. &root;220. See <er>Home</er>.]</ety> <def>A small village; a little cluster of houses in the country.</def>

<blockquote>The country wasted, and the <b>hamlets</b> burned.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Village; neighborhood. See <er>Village</er>.</syn>

<h1>Hamleted</h1>
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<hw>Ham"let*ed</hw>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Confined to a hamlet.</def>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Hammer</h1>
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<hw>Ham"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hamer</ets>, AS. <ets>hamer</ets>, <ets>hamor</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hamer</ets>, G. & Dan. <ets>hammer</ets>, Sw. <ets>hammare</ets>, Icel. <ets>hamarr</ets>, hammer, crag, and perh. to Gr. <?/ anvil, Skr. <ets>a<?/man</ets> stone.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument for driving nails, beating metals, and the like, consisting of a head, usually of steel or iron, fixed crosswise to a handle.</def>

<blockquote>With busy <b>hammers</b> closing rivets up.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something which in firm or action resembles the common hammer</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of a clock which strikes upon the bell to indicate the hour</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The padded mallet of a piano, which strikes the wires, to produce the tones</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The malleus</def>. See under <er>Ear</er>. <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>That part of a gunlock which strikes the percussion cap, or firing pin; the cock; formerly, however, a piece of steel covering the pan of a flintlock musket and struck by the flint of the cock to ignite the priming</def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Also, a person of thing that smites or shatters; <as>as, St. Augustine was the <ex>hammer</ex> of heresies.</as></def>

<blockquote>He met the stern legionaries [of Rome] who had been the "massive iron <b>hammers</b>" of the whole earth.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Atmospheric hammer</col>, <cd>a dead-stroke hammer in which the spring is formed by confined air.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Drop hammer</col>, <col>Face hammer</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Drop</er>, <er>Face</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Hammer fish</col>. <cd>See <er>Hammerhead</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hammer hardening</col>, <cd>the process of hardening metal by hammering it when cold.</cd> -- <col>Hammer shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of <spn>Malleus</spn>, a genus of marine bivalve shells, allied to the pearl oysters, having the wings narrow and elongated, so as to give them a hammer-shaped outline; -- called also <altname>hammer oyster</altname>.</cd> -- <col>To bring to the hammer</col>, <cd>to put up at auction.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hammer</h1>
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<hw>Ham"mer</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hammered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hammering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat with a hammer; to beat with heavy blows; <as>as, to <ex>hammer</ex> iron</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form or forge with a hammer; to shape by beating.</def> "<i>Hammered</i> money."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To form in the mind; to shape by hard intellectual labor; -- usually with <i>out</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Who was <b>hammering</b> out a penny dialogue.
<i>Jeffry.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hammer</h1>
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<hw>Ham"mer</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be busy forming anything; to labor hard as if shaping something with a hammer.</def>

<blockquote>Whereon this month I have <b>hammering</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strike repeated blows, literally or figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>Blood and revenge are <b>hammering</b> in my head.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hammerable</h1>
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<hw>Ham"mer*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being formed or shaped by a hammer.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Hammer-b</</m</h1>
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<hw>Ham"mer-b<?/<?/m`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Cothic Arch.)</fld> <def>A member of one description of roof truss, called <i>hammer-beam truss</i>, which is so framed as not to have a tiebeam at the top of the wall. Each principal has two hammer-beams, which occupy the situation, and to some extent serve the purpose, of a tiebeam.</def>

<h1>Hammercloth</h1>
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<hw>Ham"mer*cloth`</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. D. <ets>hemel</ets> heaven, canopy, tester (akin to G. <ets>himmel</ets>, and perh. also to E. <ets>heaven</ets>) + E. <ets>cloth</ets>; or perh. a corruption of <ets>hamper cloth</ets>.]</ety> <def>The cloth which covers a coach box.</def>

<h1>Hammer-dressed</h1>
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<hw>Ham"mer-dressed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the surface roughly shaped or faced with the stonecutter's hammer; -- said of building stone.</def>

<h1>Hammerer</h1>
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<hw>Ham"mer*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who works with a hammer.</def>

<h1>Hammer-harden</h1>
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<hw>Ham"mer-hard`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To harden, as a metal, by hammering it in the cold state.</def>

<h1>Hammerhead</h1>
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<hw>Ham"mer*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A shark of the genus <spn>Sphyrna</spn> or <spn>Zyg\'91na</spn>, having the eyes set on projections from the sides of the head, which gives it a hammer shape. The <spn>Sphyrna zyg\'91na</spn> is found in the North Atlantic. Called also <altname>hammer fish</altname>, and <altname>balance fish</altname>.</def>

<hr>
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Page 667<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fresh-water fish; the stone-roller.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African fruit bat (<spn>Hypsignathus monstrosus</spn>); -- so called from its large blunt nozzle.</def>

<h1>Hammerkop</h1>
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<hw>Ham"mer*kop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of the Heron family; the umber.</def>

<h1>Hammer-less</h1>
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<hw>Ham"mer-less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Firearms)</fld> <def>Without a visible hammer; -- said of a gun having a cock or striker concealed from sight, and out of the way of an accidental touch.</def>

<h1>Hammerman</h1>
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<hw>Ham"mer*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hammermen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A hammerer; a forgeman.</def>

<h1>Hammochrysos</h1>
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<hw>Ham`mo*chry"sos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, sand + <grk>chryso`s</grk> gold.]</ety> <def>A stone with spangles of gold color in it.</def>

<h1>Hammock</h1>
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<hw>Ham"mock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A word of Indian origin: cf. Sp. <ets>hamaca</ets>. Columbus, in the Narrative of his first voyage, says: "A great many Indians in canoes came to the ship to-day for the purpose of bartering their cotton, and <ets>hamacas</ets>, or nets, in which they sleep."]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A swinging couch or bed, usually made of netting or canvas about six feet wide, suspended by clews or cords at the ends.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of land thickly wooded, and usually covered with bushes and vines. Used also adjectively; <as>as, <ex>hammock</ex> land</as>.</def> <mark>[Southern U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<cs><col>Hammock nettings</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>formerly, nets for stowing hammocks; now, more often, wooden boxes or a trough on the rail, used for that purpose.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hamose, Hamous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ha*mose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ha"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw><ety>[L. <ets>hamus</ets> hook.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the end hooked or curved.</def>

<h1>Hamper</h1>
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<hw>Ham"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>hanaper</ets>.]</ety> <def>A large basket, usually with a cover, used for the packing and carrying of articles; <as>as, a <ex>hamper</ex> of wine; a clothes <ex>hamper</ex>; an oyster <ex>hamper</ex>, which contains two bushels.</as></def>

<h1>Hamper</h1>
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<hw>Ham"per</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hampered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hampering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put in a hamper.</def>

<h1>Hamper</h1>
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<hw>Ham"per</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hamperen</ets>, <ets>hampren</ets>, prob. of the same origin as E. <ets>hamble</ets>.]</ety> <def>To put a hamper or fetter on; to shackle; to insnare; to inveigle; hence, to impede in motion or progress; to embarrass; to encumber.</def> "<i>Hampered</i> nerves."

<i>Blackmore.</i>

<blockquote>A lion <b>hampered</b> in a net.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>hamper</b> and entangle our souls.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hamper</h1>
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<hw>Ham"per</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hamper</er> to shackle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shackle; a fetter; anything which impedes.</def>

<i>W. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Articles ordinarily indispensable, but in the way at certain times.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<cs><col>Top hamper</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>unnecessary spars and rigging kept aloft.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hamshackle</h1>
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<hw>Ham"shac`kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ham</ets> + <ets>shackle</ets>.]</ety> <def>To fasten (an animal) by a rope binding the head to one of the fore legs; <as>as, to <ex>hamshackle</ex> a horse or cow</as>; hence, to bind or restrain; to curb.</def>

<h1>Hamster</h1>
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<hw>Ham"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>hamster</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European rodent (<spn>Cricetus frumentarius</spn>). It is remarkable for having a pouch on each side of the jaw, under the skin, and for its migrations.</def><-- often kept as a pet -->

<h1>Hamstring</h1>
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<hw>Ham"string`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the great tendons situated in each side of the ham, or space back of the knee, and connected with the muscles of the back of the thigh.</def>

<h1>Hamstring</h1>
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<hw>Ham"string`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hamstrung</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hamstringing</er>. See <er>String</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To lame or disable by cutting the tendons of the ham or knee; to hough; hence, to cripple; to incapacitate; to disable.</def>

<blockquote>So have they <b>hamstrung</b> the valor of the subject by seeking to effeminate us all at home.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hamular</h1>
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<hw>Ham"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hooked; hooklike; hamate; <as>as, the <ex>hamular</ex> process of the sphenoid bone</as>.</def>

<h1>Hamulate</h1>
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<hw>Ham"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with a small hook; hook-shaped.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Hamule</h1>
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<hw>Ham"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hamulus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little hook.</def>

<h1>Hamulose</h1>
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<hw>Ham"u*lose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hamulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>hamus</ets> a hook.]</ety> <def>Bearing a small hook at the end.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Hamulus</h1>
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<hw>Ham"u*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hamuli</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a little hook.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A hook, or hooklike process.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hooked barbicel of a feather.</def>

<h1>Han</h1>
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<hw>Han</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>contr. <tt>inf. & plural pres.</tt> of <er>Haven</er>.</ety> <def>To have; have.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<blockquote>Him thanken all, and thus they <b>han</b> an end.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hanap</h1>
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<hw>Han"ap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hanap</ets>. See <er>Hanaper</er>.]</ety> <def>A rich goblet, esp. one used on state occasions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hanaper</h1>
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<hw>Han"a*per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>hanaperium</ets> a large vase, fr. <ets>hanaus</ets> vase, bowl, cup (whence F. <ets>hanap</ets>); of German origin; cf. ONG. <ets>hnapf</ets>, G. <ets>napf</ets>, akin to AS. <ets>hn\'91p</ets> cup, bowl. Cf. <er>Hamper</er>, <er>Nappy</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A kind of basket, usually of wickerwork, and adapted for the packing and carrying of articles; a hamper.</def>

<cs><col>Hanaper office</col>, <cd>an office of the English court of chancery in which writs relating to the business of the public, and the returns to them, were anciently kept in a hanaper or hamper.</cd></cs>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Hance</h1>
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<hw>Hance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Enhance</er>.]</ety> <def>To raise; to elevate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Lydgate.</i>

<h1>Hance, Hanch</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hanch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw><ety>[See <er>Hanse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hanse</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A sudden fall or break, as the fall of the fife rail down to the gangway.</def>

<h1>Hand</h1>
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<hw>Hand</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hand</ets>, <ets>hond</ets>; akin to D., G., & Sw. <ets>hand</ets>, OHG. <ets>hant</ets>, Dan. <ets>haand</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'94nd</ets>, Goth. <ets>handus</ets>, and perh. to Goth. <ets>hinpan</ets> to seize (in comp.). Cf. <er>Hunt</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in man and monkeys, and the corresponding part in many other animals; manus; paw. See <er>Manus</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which resembles, or to some extent performs the office of, a human hand</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A limb of certain animals, as the foot of a hawk, or any one of the four extremities of a monkey</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An index or pointer on a dial; <as>as, the hour or minute <ex>hand</ex> of a clock</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A measure equal to a hand's breadth, -- four inches; a palm. Chiefly used in measuring the height of horses.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Side; part; direction, either right or left.</def>

<blockquote>On this <b>hand</b> and that <b>hand</b>, were hangings.
<i>Ex. xxxviii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Protestants were then on the winning <b>hand</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Power of performance; means of execution; ability; skill; dexterity.</def>

<blockquote>He had a great mind to try his <b>hand</b> at a Spectator.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Actual performance; deed; act; workmanship; agency; hence, manner of performance.</def>

<blockquote>To change the <b>hand</b> in carrying on the war.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Gideon said unto God, If thou wilt save Israel by my <b>hand</b>.
<i>Judges vi. 36.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>An agent; a servant, or laborer; a workman, trained or competent for special service or duty; a performer more or less skillful; <as>as, a deck <ex>hand</ex>; a farm <ex>hand</ex>; an old <ex>hand</ex> at speaking.</as></def>

<blockquote>A dictionary containing a natural history requires too many <b>hands</b>, as well as too much time, ever to be hoped for.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I was always reckoned a lively <b>hand</b> at a simile.
<i>Hazlitt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Handwriting; style of penmanship; <as>as, a good, bad or running <ex>hand</ex></as>. Hence, a signature.</def>

<blockquote>I say she never did invent this letter;
This is a man's invention and his <b>hand</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some writs require a judge's <b>hand</b>.
<i>Burril.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Personal possession; ownership; hence, control; direction; management; -- usually in the plural.</def> "Receiving in <i>hand</i> one year's tribute."

<i>Knolles.</i>

<blockquote>Albinus . . . found means to keep in his <b>hands</b> the goverment of Britain.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Agency in transmission from one person to another; <as>as, to buy at first <ex>hand</ex>, that is, from the producer, or when new; at second <ex>hand</ex>, that is, when no longer in the producer's hand, or when not new</as>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Rate; price.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Business is bought at a dear <i>hand</i>, where there is small dispatch."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>That which is, or may be, held in a hand at once</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>The quota of cards received from the dealer</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Tobacco Manuf.)</fld> <def>A bundle of tobacco leaves tied together.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <fld>(Firearms)</fld> <def>The small part of a gunstock near the lock, which is grasped by the hand in taking aim.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Hand</i> is used figuratively for a large variety of acts or things, in the doing, or making, or use of which the hand is in some way employed or concerned; also, as a symbol to denote various qualities or conditions, as: <sd>(a)</sd> Activity; operation; work; -- in distinction from the <i>head</i>, which implies thought, and the <i>heart</i>, which implies affection. "His <i>hand</i> will be against every man." <i>Gen. xvi. 12.</i><sd>(b)</sd> Power; might; supremacy; -- often in the Scriptures. "With a mighty <i>hand</i> . . . will I rule over you." <i>Ezek. xx. 33.</i><sd>(c)</sd> <i>Fraternal feeling; as, to give, or take, the <i>hand</i>; to give the right <i>hand</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> Contract; -- commonly of marriage; as, to ask the <i>hand</i>; to pledge the <i>hand</i>.</note>

<note>&hand; <i>Hand</i> is often used adjectively or in compounds (with or without the hyphen), signifying <i>performed by the hand</i>; as, <i>hand</i> blow or <i>hand</i>-blow, <i>hand</i> gripe or <i>hand</i>-gripe: <i>used by</i>, or <i>designed for</i>, <i>the hand</i>; as, <i>hand</i> ball or <i>hand</i>ball, <i>hand</i> bow, <i>hand</i> fetter, <i>hand</i> grenade or <i>hand</i>-grenade, <i>hand</i>gun or <i>hand</i> gun, <i>hand</i>loom or <i>hand</i> loom, <i>hand</i>mill or <i>hand</i> organ or <i>hand</i>organ, <i>hand</i>saw or <i>hand</i> saw, <i>hand</i>-weapon: <i>measured</i> or <i>regulated by the hand</i>; as, <i>hand</i>breadth or <i>hand's</i> breadth, <i>hand</i> gallop or <i>hand</i>-gallop. Most of the words in the following paragraph are written either as two words or in combination.</note>

<cs><col>Hand bag</col>, <cd>a satchel; a small bag for carrying books, papers, parcels, etc.</cd> -- <col>Hand basket</col>, <cd>a small or portable basket.</cd> -- <col>Hand bell</col>, <cd>a small bell rung by the hand; a table bell. <i>Bacon</i>.</cd> -- <col>Hand bill</col>, <cd>a small pruning hook. See 4th <er>Bill</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hand car</col>. <cd>See under <er>Car</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hand director</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>an instrument to aid in forming a good position of the hands and arms when playing on the piano; a hand guide.</cd> -- <col>Hand drop</col>. <cd>See <er>Wrist drop</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hand gallop</col>. <cd>See under <er>Gallop</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hand gear</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>apparatus by means of which a machine, or parts of a machine, usually operated by other power, may be operated by hand.</cd> -- <col>Hand glass</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A glass or small glazed frame, for the protection of plants.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A small mirror with a handle.</cd> -- <col>Hand guide</col>. <cd>Same as <i>Hand director<i> (above).</cd> -- <col>Hand language</col>, <cd>the art of conversing by the hands, esp. as practiced by the deaf and dumb; dactylology.</cd> -- <col>Hand lathe</col>. <cd>See under <er>Lathe</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hand money</col>, <cd>money paid in hand to bind a contract; earnest money.</cd> -- <col>Hand organ</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a barrel organ, operated by a crank turned by hand.</cd> -- <col>Hand plant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as <i>Hand tree<i> (below). -- <er>Hand rail</er>, a rail, as in staircases, to hold by. <i>Gwilt</i>.</cd> -- <col>Hand sail</col>, <cd>a sail managed by the hand. <i>Sir W. Temple</i>.</cd> -- <col>Hand screen</col>, <cd>a small screen to be held in the hand.</cd> -- <col>Hand screw</col>, <cd>a small jack for raising heavy timbers or weights; <fld>(Carp.)</fld> a screw clamp.</cd> -- <col>Hand staff</col><cd> (<plu>pl. <plw>Hand staves<plw></plu>), <cd>a javelin. <i>Ezek. xxxix. 9.</i></cd> -- <col>Hand stamp</col>, <cd>a small stamp for dating, addressing, or canceling papers, envelopes, etc.</cd> -- <col>Hand tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a lofty tree found in Mexico (<spn>Cheirostemon platanoides</spn>), having red flowers whose stamens unite in the form of a hand.</cd> -- <col>Hand vise</col>, <cd>a small vise held in the hand in doing small work. <i>Moxon</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Hand work</col>, &or; <col>Handwork</col></mcol>, <cd>work done with the hands, as distinguished from work done by a machine; handiwork.</cd>  -- <col>All hands</col>, <cd>everybody; all parties.</cd> -- <mcol><col>At all hands</col>, <col>On all hands</col></mcol>, <cd>on all sides; from every direction; generally.</cd> -- <mcol><col>At any hand</col>, <col>At no hand</col></mcol>, <cd>in any (or no) way or direction; on any account; on no account. "And therefore <i>at no hand<i> consisting with the safety and interests of humility." <i>Jer. Taylor</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>At first hand</col>, <col>At second hand</col></mcol>. <cd>See def. 10 (above).</cd> -- <col>At hand</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Near in time or place; either present and within reach, or not far distant. "Your husband is <i>at hand<i>; I hear his trumpet." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Under the hand or bridle. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Horses hot <i>at hand<i>." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>At the hand of</col>, <cd>by the act of; as a gift from. "Shall we receive good <i>at the hand of<i> God and shall we not receive evil?" <i>Job ii. 10.</i></cd> -- <col>Bridle hand</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bridle</er>.</cd> -- <col>By hand</col>, <cd>with the hands, in distinction from instrumentality of tools, engines, or animals; as, to weed a garden <i>by hand<i>; to lift, draw, or carry <i>by hand<i>.</cd> -- <col>Clean hands</col>, <cd>freedom from guilt, esp. from the guilt of dishonesty in money matters, or of bribe taking. "He that hath <i>clean hands<i> shall be stronger and stronger." <i>Job xvii. 9.</i></cd> -- <col>From hand to hand</col>, <cd>from one person to another.</cd> -- <col>Hand in hand</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In union; conjointly; unitedly. <i>Swift</i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Just; fair; equitable.</cd>

<blockquote>As fair and as good, a kind of <b>hand in hand</b> comparison.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <mcol><col>Hand over hand</col>, <col>Hand over fist</col></mcol>, <cd>by passing the hands alternately one before or above another; as, to climb <i>hand over hand</i>; also, rapidly; as, to come up with a chase <i>hand over hand</i>.</cd> -- <col>Hand over head</col>, <cd>negligently; rashly; without seeing what one does. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Bacon</i>.</cd> -- <col>Hand running</col>, <cd>consecutively; as, he won ten times <i>hand running</i>.</cd> -- <col>Hand off!</col> <cd>keep off! forbear! no interference or meddling!</cd> -- <col>Hand to hand</col>, <cd>in close union; in close fight; as, a <i>hand to hand</i> contest. <i>Dryden</i>.</cd> -- <col>Heavy hand</col>, <cd>severity or oppression.</cd> -- <col>In hand</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Paid down. "A considerable reward <i>in hand</i>, and . . . a far greater reward hereafter." <i>Tillotson</i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In preparation; taking place.</cd> <i>Chaucer</i>. "Revels . . . in <i>hand</i>." <i>Shak</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>Under consideration, or in the course of transaction; as, he has the business <i>in hand</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>In one's hand</col> &or; <col>hands</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In one's possession or keeping.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>At one's risk, or peril; as, I took my life <i>in my hand</i>.</cd> -- <col>Laying on of hands</col>, <cd>a form used in consecrating to office, in the rite of confirmation, and in blessing persons.</cd> -- <col>Light hand</col>, <cd>gentleness; moderation.</cd> -- <col>Note of hand</col>, <cd>a promissory note.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Off hand</col>, <col>Out of hand</col></mcol>, <cd>forthwith; without delay, hesitation, or difficulty; promptly. "She causeth them to be hanged up <i>out of hand</i>." <i>Spenser</i>.</cd> -- <col>Off one's hands</col>, <cd>out of one's possession or care.</cd> -- <col>On hand</col>, <cd>in present possession; as, he has a supply of goods <i>on hand</i>.</cd> -- <col>On one's hands</col>, <cd>in one's possession care, or management.</cd> -- <col>Putting the hand under the thigh</col>, <cd>an ancient Jewish ceremony used in swearing.</cd> -- <col>Right hand</col>, <cd>the place of honor, power, and strength.</cd> -- <col>Slack hand</col>, <cd>idleness; carelessness; inefficiency; sloth.</cd> -- <col>Strict hand</col>, <cd>severe discipline; rigorous government.</cd> -- <col>To bear a hand</col> <sd>(Naut)</sd>, <cd>to give help quickly; to hasten.</cd> -- <col>To bear in hand</col>, <cd>to keep in expectation with false pretenses. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To be</col> <col>hand and glove, &or; in glove</col> <col>with</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Glove</er>.</cd> -- <col>To be on the mending hand</col>, <cd>to be convalescent or improving.</cd> -- <col>To bring up by hand</col>, <cd>to feed (an infant) without suckling it.</cd> -- <col>To change hand</col>. <cd>See <er>Change</er>.</cd> -- <col>To change hands</col>, <cd>to change sides, or change owners. <i>Hudibras</i>.</cd> -- <col>To clap the hands</col>, <cd>to express joy or applause, as by striking the palms of the hands together.</cd> -- <col>To come to hand</col>, <cd>to be received; to be taken into possession; as, the letter <i>came to hand</i> yesterday.</cd> -- <col>To get hand</col>, <cd>to gain influence. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd>

<blockquote>Appetites have . . . <b>got</b> such a <b>hand</b> over them.
<i>Baxter.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To got one's hand in</col>, <cd>to make a beginning in a certain work; to become accustomed to a particular business.</cd> -- <col>To have a hand in</col>, <cd>to be concerned in; to have a part or concern in doing; to have an agency or be employed in.</cd> -- <col>To have in hand</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To have in one's power or control.</cd> <i>Chaucer</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be engaged upon or occupied with.</cd> -- <col>To have one's hands full</col>, <cd>to have in hand al that one can do, or more than can be done conveniently; to be pressed with labor or engagements; to be surrounded with difficulties.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To</col> <col>have, &or; get</col>, <col>the (higher) upper hand</col></mcol>, <cd>to have, or get, the better of another person or thing.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To his hand</col>, <col>To my hand</col>, etc.</mcol>, <cd>in readiness; already prepared. "The work is made <i>to his hands</i>." <i>Locke</i>.</cd> -- <col>To hold hand</col>, <cd>to compete successfully or on even conditions. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lay hands on</col>, <cd>to seize; to assault.</cd> -- <col>To lend a hand</col>, <cd>to give assistance.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To</col> <col>lift, &or; put forth</col>, <col>the hand against</col></mcol>, <cd>to attack; to oppose; to kill.</cd> -- <col>To live from hand to mouth</col>, <cd>to obtain food and other necessaries as want compels, without previous provision.</cd> -- <col>To make one's hand</col>, <cd>to gain advantage or profit.</cd> -- <col>To put the hand unto</col>, <cd>to steal.</cd> <i>Ex. xxii. 8.</i>-- <col>To put the</col> <col>last, &or; finishing</col>, <col>hand to</col>, <cd>to make the last corrections in; to complete; to perfect.</cd> -- <col>To set the hand to</col>, <cd>to engage in; to undertake.</cd>

<blockquote>That the Lord thy God may bless thee in all that thou <b>settest thine hand to</b>.
<i>Deut. xxiii. 20.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To stand one in hand</col>, <cd>to concern or affect one.</cd> -- <col>To strike hands</col>, <cd>to make a contract, or to become surety for another's debt or good behavior.</cd> -- <col>To take in hand</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To attempt or undertake</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To seize and deal with; as, he <i>took</i> him <i>in hand</i>.</cd> -- <col>To wash the hands of</col>, <cd>to disclaim or renounce interest in, or responsibility for, a person or action; as, <i>to wash one's hands of</i> a business. <i>Matt. xxvii. 24.</i></cd> -- <col>Under the hand of</col>, <cd> authenticated by the handwriting or signature of; <as>as, the deed is executed <i>under the hand</i> and seal <i>of</i> the owner.</as></cd></cs>

<h1>Hand</h1>
<Xpage=667>

<hw>Hand</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Handed</er>; <tt>p. pr.  & vb. n.</tt> <er>Handing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give, pass, or transmit with the hand; <as>as, he <ex>handed</ex> them the letter</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lead, guide, or assist with the hand; to conduct; <as>as, to <ex>hand</ex> a lady into a carriage</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To manage; <as>as, I <ex>hand</ex> my oar</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To seize; to lay hands on.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To pledge by the hand; to handfast.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To furl; -- said of a sail.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<cs><col>To hand down</col>, <cd>to transmit in succession, as from father to son, or from predecessor to successor; as, fables are <i>handed down<i> from age to age; to forward to the proper officer (the decision of a higher court); as, the Clerk of the Court of Appeals <i>handed down<i> its decision.</cd> -- <col>To hand over</col>, <cd>to yield control of; to surrender; to deliver up.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hand</h1>
<Xpage=667>

<hw>Hand</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To co\'94perate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Handbarrow</h1>
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<hw>Hand"bar"row</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A frame or barrow, without a wheel, carried by hand.</def>

<h1>Handbill</h1>
<Xpage=667>

<hw>Hand"bill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A loose, printed sheet, to be distributed by hand.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pruning hook.</def> <altsp>[Usually written <asp>hand bill</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Handbook</h1>
<Xpage=667>

<hw>Hand"book`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hand</ets> + <ets>book</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>handb<?/c</ets>, or G. <ets>handbuch</ets>.]</ety> <def>A book of reference, to be carried in the hand; a manual; a guidebook.</def>

<h1>Handbreadth</h1>
<Xpage=667>

<hw>Hand"breadth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A space equal to the breadth of the hand; a palm.</def>

<i>Ex. xxxvii. 12.</i>

<h1>Handcart</h1>
<Xpage=667>

<hw>Hand"cart`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cart drawn or pushed by hand.</def>

<h1>Handcloth</h1>
<Xpage=667>

<hw>Hand"cloth`</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A handkerchief.</def>

<h1>Handcraft</h1>
<Xpage=667>

<hw>Hand"craft`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Handicraft</er>.</def>

<h1>Handcraftsman</h1>
<Xpage=667>

<hw>Hand"crafts`man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-men</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A handicraftsman.</def>

<h1>Handcuff</h1>
<Xpage=667>

<hw>Hand"cuff`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>handcops</ets>; <ets>hand</ets> hand + <ets>cosp</ets>, <ets>cops</ets>, fetter. The second part was confused with E. <ets>cuffs</ets>,]</ety> <def>A fastening, consisting of an iron ring around the wrist, usually connected by a chain with one on the other wrist; a manacle; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<hr>
<page="668">
Page 668<p>

<h1>Handcuff</h1>
<Xpage=668>

<hw>Hand"cuff`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Handcuffed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Handcuffing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To apply handcuffs to; to manacle.</def>

<i>Hay (1754).</i>

<h1>Handed</h1>
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<hw>Hand"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With hands joined; hand in hand.</def>

<blockquote>Into their inmost bower,
<b>Handed</b> they went.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a peculiar or characteristic hand.</def>

<blockquote>As poisonous tongued as <b>handed</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Handed</i> is used in composition in the sense of <i>having</i> (such or so many) <i>hands</i>; as, bloody-<i>handed</i>; free-<i>handed</i>; heavy-<i>handed</i>; left-<i>handed</i>; single-<i>handed</i>.</note>

<h1>Hander</h1>
<Xpage=668>

<hw>Hand"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hands over or transmits; a conveyer in succession.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Handfast</h1>
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<hw>Hand"fast`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hold; grasp; custody; power of confining or keeping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contract; specifically, espousal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Handfast</h1>
<Xpage=668>

<hw>Hand"fast`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fast by contract; betrothed by joining hands.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Handfast</h1>
<Xpage=668>

<hw>Hand"fast`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Handfasted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Handfasting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To pledge; to bind; to betroth by joining hands, in order to cohabitation, before the celebration of marriage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><-- ##?? to allow cohabitation? -->

<h1>Handfast</h1>
<Xpage=668>

<hw>Hand"fast`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>handfest</ets>; <ets>hand</ets> hand + <ets>fest</ets> strong. See <er>Fast</er>.]</ety> <def>Strong; steadfast.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Handfastly</h1>
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<hw>Hand"fast`ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a handfast or publicly pledged manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Handfish</h1>
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<hw>Hand"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The frogfish.</def>

<h1>Handful</h1>
<Xpage=668>

<hw>Hand"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hand flus</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>handfull</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>As much as the hand will grasp or contain.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hand's breadth; four inches.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Knap the tongs together about a <b>handful</b> from the bottom.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small quantity.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>handful</b> of men were tied to very hard duty.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To have one's handful</col>, <cd>to have one's hands full; to have all one can do. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote>They <b>had their handful</b> to defend themselves from firing.
<i>Sir. W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hand-hole</h1>
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<hw>Hand"-hole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Steam Boilers)</fld> <def>A small hole in a boiler for the insertion of the hand in cleaning, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Hand-hole plate</col>, <cd>the cover of a hand-hole.</cd></cs>

<h1>Handicap</h1>
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<hw>Hand"i*cap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>hand in cap</ets>; -- perh. in reference to an old mode of setting a bargain by taking pieces of money from a cap.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An allowance of a certain amount of time or distance in starting, granted in a race to the competitor possessing inferior advantages; or an additional weight or other hindrance imposed upon the one possessing superior advantages, in order to equalize, as much as possible, the chances of success; <as>as, the <ex>handicap</ex> was five seconds, or ten pounds, and the like</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A race, for horses or men, or any contest of agility, strength, or skill, in which there is an allowance of time, distance, weight, or other advantage, to equalize the chances of the competitors.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An old game at cards.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pepys.</i>

<h1>Handicap</h1>
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<hw>Hand"i*cap</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Handicapped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Handicapping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To encumber with a handicap in any contest; hence, in general, to place at disadvantage; <as>as, the candidate was heavily <ex>handicapped</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Handicapper</h1>
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<hw>Hand"i*cap`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who determines the conditions of a handicap.</def>

<h1>Handicraft</h1>
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<hw>Hand"i*craft</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>handcraft</ets>, influenced by <ets>handiwork</ets>; AS. <ets>handcr\'91ft</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A trade requiring skill of hand; manual occupation; handcraft.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A man who earns his living by handicraft; a handicraftsman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Handi-craftsman</h1>
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<hw>Hand"i-crafts`man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-men</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man skilled or employed in handcraft.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Handily</h1>
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<hw>Hand"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Handy</er>.]</ety> <def>In a handy manner; skillfully; conveniently.</def>

<h1>Handiness</h1>
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<hw>Hand"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being handy.</def>

<h1>Handiron</h1>
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<hw>Hand"i`ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Andrion</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Handiwork</h1>
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<hw>Hand"i*work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>handiwerc</ets>, AS. <ets>handgeweorc</ets>; <ets>hand</ets> hand + <ets>geweorc</ets> work; prefix <ets>ge-</ets> + <ets>weorc</ets>. See <er>Work</er>.]</ety> <def>Work done by the hands; hence, any work done personally.</def>

<blockquote>The firmament showeth his <b>handiwork</b>.
<i>Ps. xix. 1.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Handkercher</h1>
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<hw>Hand"ker*cher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A handkerchief.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Chapman (1654). Shak.</i>

<h1>Handkerchief</h1>
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<hw>Hand"ker*chief</hw> <tt>(h&acr;n"k&etil;r*ch&icr;f; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hand</ets> + <ets>kerchief</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of cloth, usually square and often fine and elegant, carried for wiping the face or hands.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of cloth shaped like a handkerchief to be worn about the neck; a neckerchief; a neckcloth.</def>

<h1>Handle</h1>
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<hw>Han"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Handled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Handling</er> .]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>handlen</ets>, AS. <ets>handian</ets>; akin to D. <ets>handelen</ets> to trade, G. <ets>handeln</ets>. See <er>Hand</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To touch; to feel with the hand; to use or hold with the hand.</def>

<blockquote><b>Handle</b> me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh.
<i>Luke xxiv. 39.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>About his altar, <b>handling</b> holy things.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To manage in using, as a spade or a musket; to wield; often, to manage skillfully.</def>

<blockquote>That fellow <b>handles</b> his bow like a crowkeeper.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To accustom to the hand; to work upon, or take care of, with the hands.</def>

<blockquote>The hardness of the winters forces the breeders to house and <b>handle</b> their colts six months every year.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To receive and transfer; to have pass through one's hands; hence, to buy and sell; <as>as, a merchant <ex>handles</ex> a variety of goods, or a large stock</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To deal with; to make a business of.</def>

<blockquote>They that <b>handle</b> the law knew me not.
<i>Jer. ii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To treat; to use, well or ill.</def>

<blockquote>How wert thou <b>handled</b> being prisoner.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To manage; to control; to practice skill upon.</def>

<blockquote>You shall see how I will <b>handle</b> her.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To use or manage in writing or speaking; to treat, as a theme, an argument, or an objection.</def>

<blockquote>We will <b>handle</b> what persons are apt to envy others.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To handle without gloves</col>. <cd>See under <er>Glove</er>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Handle</h1>
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<hw>Han"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To use the hands.</def>

<blockquote>They have hands, but they <b>handle</b> not.
<i>Ps. cxv. 7.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Handle</h1>
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<hw>Han"dle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>handle</ets>. See <er>Hand</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That part of vessels, instruments, etc., which is held in the hand when used or moved, as the haft of a sword, the knob of a door, the bail of a kettle, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That of which use is made; the instrument for effecting a purpose; a tool.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<cs><col>To give a handle</col>, <cd>to furnish an occasion or means.</cd></cs>

<h1>Handleable</h1>
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<hw>Han"dle*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being handled.</def>

<h1>Handless</h1>
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<hw>Hand"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a hand.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Handling</h1>
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<hw>Han"dling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>handlung</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A touching, controlling, managing, using, etc., with the hand or hands, or as with the hands. See <er>Handle</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<blockquote>The heavens and your fair <b>handling</b>
Have made you master of the field this day.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Drawing, Painting, etc.)</fld> <def>The mode of using the pencil or brush, etc.; style of touch.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Handmade</h1>
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<hw>Hand"made"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Manufactured by hand; <as>as, <ex>handmade</ex> shoes</as>.</def>

<h1>Handmaid, Handmaiden</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hand"maid"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hand"maiden</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A maid that waits at hand; a female servant or attendant.</def>

<h1>Handsaw</h1>
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<hw>Hand"saw`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A saw used with one hand.</def>

<h1>Handsel</h1>
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<hw>Hand"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hansel</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[OE. <ets>handsal</ets>, <ets>hansal</ets>, <ets>hansel</ets>, AS. <ets>hands<?/len</ets>a giving into hands, or more prob. fr. Icel. <ets>handsal</ets>; <ets>hand</ets> hand + <ets>sal</ets> sale, bargain; akin to AS. <ets>sellan</ets> to give, deliver. See <er>Sell</er>, <er>Sale</er>. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sale, gift, or delivery into the hand of another; especially, a sale, gift, delivery, or using which is the first of a series, and regarded as on omen for the rest; a first installment; an earnest; as the first money received for the sale of goods in the morning, the first money taken at a shop newly opened, the first present sent to a young woman on her wedding day, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Their first good <b>handsel</b> of breath in this world.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our present tears here, not our present laughter,
Are but the <b>handsels</b> of our joys hereafter.
<i>Herrick.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Price; payment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<cs><col>Handsel Monday</col>, <cd>the first Monday of the new year, when <i>handsels<i> or presents are given to servants, children, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Handsel</h1>
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<hw>Hand"sel</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Handseled</er> &or; <er>Handseled</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Handseling</er> &or; <er>Handselling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Written also <ets>hansel</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[OE <ets>handsellen</ets>, <ets>hansellen</ets>;cf. Isel. <ets>hadsala</ets>, <ets>handselja</ets>. See <er>Handsel</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give a handsel to.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To use or do for the first time, esp. so as to make fortunate or unfortunate; to try experimentally.</def>

<blockquote>No contrivance of our body, but some good man in Scripture hath <b>handseled</b> it with prayer.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Handsome</h1>
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<hw>Hand"some</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Handsomer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Handsomest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Hand</ets> + <ets>-some</ets>. It at first meant, dexterous; cf. D. <ets>handzaam</ets> dexterous, ready, limber, manageable, and E. <ets>handy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dexterous; skillful; handy; ready; convenient; -- applied to things as persons.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That they [engines of war] be both easy to be carried and <b>handsome</b> to be moved and turned about.
<i>Robynson (Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For a thief it is so <b>handsome</b> as it may seem it was first invented for him.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Agreeable to the eye or to correct taste; having a pleasing appearance or expression; attractive; having symmetry and dignity; comely; -- expressing more than <i>pretty</i>, and less than <i>beautiful</i>; <as>as, a <ex>handsome</ex> man or woman; a <ex>handsome</ex> garment, house, tree, horse.</as></def><-- MW10 treats it as synonymous with beautiful in this sense. -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Suitable or fit in action; marked with propriety and ease; graceful; becoming; appropriate; <as>as, a <ex>handsome</ex> style, etc</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Easiness and <b>handsome</b> address in writing.
<i>Felton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Evincing a becoming generosity or nobleness of character; liberal; generous.</def>

<blockquote><b>Handsome</b> is as <b>handsome</b> does.
<i>Old Proverb.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Ample; moderately large.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . accumulated a <i>handsome</i> sum of money.
<i>V. Knox.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To do the handsome thing</col>, <cd>to act liberally. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Handsome</er>, <er>Pretty</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Pretty</i> applies to things comparatively small, which please by their delicacy and grace; as, a <i>pretty</i> girl, a <i>pretty</i> flower, a <i>pretty</i> cottage. <i>Handsome</i> rises higher, and is applied to objects on a larger scale. We admire what is <i>handsome</i>, we are pleased with what is <i>pretty</i>. The word is connected with <i>hand</i>, and has thus acquired the idea of training, cultivation, symmetry, and proportion, which enters so largely into our conception of <i>handsome</i>. Thus Drayton makes mention of <i>handsome</i> players, meaning those, who are well trained; and hence we speak of a man's having a <i>handsome</i> address, which is the result of culture; of a <i>handsome</i> horse or dog, which implies well proportioned limbs; of a <i>handsome</i> face, to which, among other qualities, the idea of proportion and a graceful contour are essential; of a <i>handsome</i> tree, and a <i>handsome</i> house or villa. So, from this idea of proportion or suitableness, we have, with a different application, the expressions, a <i>handsome</i> fortune, a <i>handsome</i> offer.</usage>

<h1>Hadsome</h1>
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<hw>Had"some</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render handsome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne</i>

<h1>Handsomely</h1>
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<hw>Hand"some*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a handsome manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Carefully; in shipshape style.</def>

<h1>Handsomeness</h1>
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<hw>Hand"some*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being handsome.</def>

<blockquote><b>Handsomeness</b> is the mere animal excellence, beauty the mere imaginative.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Handspike</h1>
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<hw>Hand"spike`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bar or lever, generally of wood, used in a windlass or capstan, for heaving anchor, and, in modified forms, for various purposes.</def>

<h1>Handspring</h1>
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<hw>Hand"spring`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A somersault made with the assistance of the hands placed upon the ground.</def>

<h1>Hand-tight</h1>
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<hw>Hand"-tight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>As tight as can be made by the hand.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Handwheel</h1>
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<hw>Hand"wheel`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>Any wheel worked by hand; esp., one the rim of which serves as the handle by which a valve, car brake, or other part is adjusted.</def>

<h1>Hand-winged</h1>
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<hw>Hand"-winged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having wings that are like hands in the structure and arrangement of their bones; -- said of bats. See <er>Cheiroptera</er>.</def>

<h1>Handwriting</h1>
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<hw>Hand"writ`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The cast or form of writing peculiar to each hand or person; chirography.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is written by hand; manuscript.</def>

<cs><col>The handwriting on the wall</col>, <cd>a doom pronounced; an omen of disaster.</cd></cs>

<i>Dan. v. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Handy</h1>
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<hw>Hand"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Handier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Handiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hendi</ets>, AS. <ets>hendig</ets> (in comp.), fr. <ets>hand</ets> hand; akin to D. <ets>handig</ets>, Goth. <ets>handugs</ets> clever, wise.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Performed by the hand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To draw up and come to <b>handy</b> strokes.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Skillful in using the hand; dexterous; ready; adroit.</def> "Each is <i>handy</i> in his way."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Ready to the hand; near; also, suited to the use of the hand; convenient; valuable for reference or use; <as>as, my tools are <ex>handy</ex>; a <ex>handy</ex> volume.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Easily managed; obedient to the helm; -- said of a vessel.</def>

<h1>Handyy-dandy</h1>
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<hw>Handy"y-dan`dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A child's play, one child guessing in which closed hand the other holds some small object, winning the object if right and forfeiting an equivalent if wrong; hence, forfeit.</def>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Handyfight</h1>
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<hw>Hand"y*fight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fight with the hands; boxing.</def> "Pollux loves <i>handyfights</i>."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Handygripe</h1>
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<hw>Hand"y*gripe`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Seizure by, or grasp of, the hand; also, close quarters in fighting.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Handystroke</h1>
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<hw>Hand"y*stroke`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A blow with the hand.</def>

<h1>Hand-work</h1>
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<hw>Hand"-work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Handiwork</er>.</def>

<h1>Hang</h1>
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<hw>Hang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hanged</er> <tt>(h?ngd)</tt> &or; <er>Hung</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hanging</er>. <usage>The use of <i>hanged</i> is preferable to that of <i>hung</i>, when reference is had to death or execution by suspension, and it is also more common</usage>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hangen</ets>, <ets>hangien</ets>, <ets>v. t. & i.</ets>, AS. <ets>hangian</ets>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, fr. <ets>h<?/n</ets>, <tt>v. t.</tt> (imp. <ets>heng</ets>, p. p. <ets>hongen</ets>); akin to OS. <ets>hang<?/n</ets>, <tt>v. i.</tt> D. <ets>hangen</ets>, <ets>v. t. & i.</ets>, G. <ets>hangen</ets>, <ets>v. i</ets>, <ets>h\'84ngen</ets>, <ets>v. t</ets>, Isel <ets>hanga</ets>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, Goth. <ets>h\'behan</ets>, <tt>v. t.</tt> (imp. <ets>ha\'a1hah</ets>), <ets>h\'behan</ets>, <tt>v. i.</tt> (imp. <ets>hahaida</ets>), and perh. to L. <ets>cunctari</ets> to delay. &root;37. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To suspend; to fasten to some elevated point without support from below; -- often used with <i>up</i> or <i>out</i>; <as>as, to <ex>hang</ex> a coat on a hook; to <ex>hang</ex> up a sign; to <ex>hang</ex> out a banner.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fasten in a manner which will allow of free motion upon the point or points of suspension; -- said of a pendulum, a swing, a door, gate, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fit properly, as at a proper angle (a part of an implement that is swung in using), as a scythe to its snath, or an ax to its helve.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To put to death by suspending by the neck; -- a form of capital punishment; <as>as, to <ex>hang</ex> a murderer</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To cover, decorate, or furnish by hanging pictures trophies, drapery, and the like, or by covering with paper hangings; -- said of a wall, a room, etc.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hung</b> be the heavens with black.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And <b>hung</b> thy holy roofs with savage spoils.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To paste, as paper hangings, on the walls of a room.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To hold or bear in a suspended or inclined manner or position instead of erect; to droop; <as>as, he <ex>hung</ex> his head in shame</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Cowslips wan that <b>hang</b> the pensive head.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To hang down</col>, <cd>to let fall below the proper position; to bend down; to decline; as, to <i>hang down<i> the head, or, elliptically, to <i>hang<i> the head.</cd> -- <col>To hang fire</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to be slow in communicating fire through the vent to the charge; as, the gun <i>hangs fire<i>; hence, to hesitate, to hold back as if in suspense.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hand</h1>
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<hw>Hand</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be suspended or fastened to some elevated point without support from below; to dangle; to float; to rest; to remain; to stay.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be fastened in such a manner as to allow of free motion on the point or points of suspension.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To die or be put to death by suspension from the neck.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Sir Balaam <i>hangs</i>."

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To hold for support; to depend; to cling; -- usually with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>; <as>as, this question <ex>hangs</ex> on a single point</as>.</def> "Two infants <i>hanging</i> on her neck."

<i>Peacham.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To be, or be like, a suspended weight.</def>

<blockquote>Life <b>hangs</b> upon me, and becomes a burden.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To hover; to impend; to appear threateningly; -- usually with <i>over</i>; <as>as, evils <ex>hang</ex> over the country</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To lean or incline; to incline downward.</def>

<blockquote>To decide which way <b>hung</b> the victory.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His neck obliquely o'er his shoulder <b>hung</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To slope down; <as>as, <ex>hanging</ex> grounds</as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To be undetermined or uncertain; to be in suspense; to linger; to be delayed.</def>

<blockquote>A noble stroke he lifted high,
Which <b>hung</b> not, but so swift with tempest fell
On the proud crest of Satan.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To hang around</col>, <cd>to loiter idly about.</cd> -- <col>To hang back</col>, <cd>to hesitate; to falter; to be reluctant. "If any one among you <i>hangs back<i>." <i>Jowett (Thucyd.)</i>.</cd> -- <col>To hang by the eyelids</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To hang by a very slight hold or tenure.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be in an unfinished condition; to be left incomplete.</cd> -- <col>To hang in doubt</col>, <cd>to be in suspense.</cd> -- <col>To hang on</col><cd> (with the emphasis on the preposition), to keep hold; to hold fast; to stick; to be persistent, as a disease.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To hang on the lips</col>, <col>words, etc</col></mcol>., <cd>to be charmed by eloquence.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To hang out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be hung out so as to be displayed; to project.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be unyielding; as, the juryman <i>hangs out</i> against an agreement. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark><-- =hold out?--> (c) to lounge around a particular place; as, teenageers tend to <i>hang out</i> at the mall these days--> -- <col>To hang over</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To project at the top.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To impend over.</cd> -- <col>To hang to</col>, <cd>to cling.</cd> -- <col>To hang together</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To remain united; to stand by one another.</cd> "We are all of a piece; we <i>hang together</i>." <i>Dryden</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be self-consistent; as, the story does not <i>hang together</i>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To hang upon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To regard with passionate affection.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>To hover around; as, <i>to hang upon<i> the flanks of a retreating enemy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hang</h1>
<Xpage=668>

<hw>Hang</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The manner in which one part or thing hangs upon, or is connected with, another; <as>as, the <ex>hang</ex> of a scythe</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Connection; arrangement; plan; <as>as, the <ex>hang</ex> of a discourse</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="669">
Page 669<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sharp or steep declivity or slope.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>To get the hang of</col>, <cd>to learn the method or arrangement of; hence, to become accustomed to. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Hangbird</h1>
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<hw>Hang"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>The Baltimore oriole (<spn>Icterus galbula</spn>); -- so called because its nest is suspended from the limb of a tree. See <er>Baltimore oriole</er>.</def>

<h1>Hang-by</h1>
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<hw>Hang"-by`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hang-bies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A dependent; a hanger-on; -- so called in contempt.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Hagdog</h1>
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<hw>Hag"dog`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A base, degraded person; a sneak; a gallows bird.</def>

<h1>Hangdog</h1>
<Xpage=669>

<hw>Hang"dog`</hw><def>, Low; sneaking; ashamed.</def>

<blockquote>The poor colonel went out of the room with a <b>hangdog</b> look.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hanger</h1>
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<hw>Hang"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who hangs, or causes to be hanged; a hangman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That by which a thing is suspended</def>. Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A strap hung to the girdle, by which a dagger or sword is suspended</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A part that suspends a journal box in which shafting runs</def>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Countershaft</er>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A bridle iron</def>.</def><-- (d) clothes hanger -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which hangs or is suspended, as a sword worn at the side; especially, in the 18th century, a short, curved sword.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A steep, wooded declivity.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Gilbert White.</i>

<h1>Hanger-on</h1>
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<hw>Hang"er-on`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hangers-on</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who hangs on, or sticks to, a person, place, or service; a dependent; one who adheres to others' society longer than he is wanted.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Hanging</h1>
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<hw>Hang"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Requiring, deserving, or foreboding death by the halter.</def> "What a <i>hanging</i> face!"

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suspended from above; pendent; <as>as, <ex>hanging</ex> shelves</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Adapted for sustaining a hanging object; <as>as, the <ex>hanging</ex> post of a gate, the post which holds the hinges</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Hanging compass</col>, <cd>a compass suspended so that the card may be read from beneath.</cd> -- <col>Hanging garden</col>, <cd>a garden sustained at an artificial elevation by any means, as by the terraces at Babylon.</cd> -- <col>Hanging indentation</col>. <cd>See under <er>Indentation</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hanging rail</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>that rail of a door or casement to which hinges are attached.</cd> -- <col>Hanging side</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>the overhanging side of an inclined or hading vein.</cd> -- <col>Hanging sleeves</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Strips of the same stuff as the gown, hanging down the back from the shoulders.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Loose, flowing sleeves.</cd> -- <col>Hanging stile</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>That stile of a door to which hinges are secured.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>That upright of a window frame to which casements are hinged, or in which the pulleys for sash windows are fastened.</cd> -- <col>Hanging wall</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>the upper wall of inclined vein, or that which hangs over the miner's head when working in the vein.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hanging</h1>
<Xpage=669>

<hw>Hang"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of suspending anything; the state of being suspended.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Death by suspension; execution by a halter.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is hung as lining or drapery for the walls of a room, as tapestry, paper, etc., or to cover or drape a door or window; -- used chiefly in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>Nor purple <b>hangings</b> clothe the palace walls.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hangman</h1>
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<hw>Hang"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hangmen</plw>(<?/).</plu> <def>One who hangs another; esp., one who makes a business of hanging; a public executioner; -- sometimes used as a term of reproach, without reference to office.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hangmanship</h1>
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<hw>Hang"man*ship</hw>, <tt>n..</tt> <def>The office or character of a hangman.</def>

<h1>Hangnail</h1>
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<hw>Hang"nail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>agnail</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small piece or silver of skin which hangs loose, near the root of finger nail.</def>

<i>Holloway.</i>

<h1>Hangnest</h1>
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<hw>Hang"nest`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A nest that hangs like a bag or pocket.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bird which builds such a nest; a hangbird.</def>

<h1>Hank</h1>
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<hw>Hank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>hank</ets> handle, Sw. <ets>hank</ets> a band or tie, Icel. <ets>hanki</ets> hasp, clasp, <ets>h\'94nk</ets>, <ets>hangr</ets>, hank, coil, skein, G. <ets>henkel</ets>, <ets>henk</ets>, handle; ar prob. akin to E. <ets>hang</ets>. See <er>Hang</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A parcel consisting of two or more skeins of yarn or thread tied together.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rope or withe for fastening a gate.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hold; influence.</def>

<blockquote>When the devil hath got such a <b>hank</b> over him.
<i>Bp. Sanderson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A ring or eye of rope, wood, or iron, attached to the edge of a sail and running on a stay.</def>

<h1>Hank</h1>
<Xpage=669>

<hw>Hank</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <ety>[OE. <ets>hanken</ets>.]</ety> <def>To fasten with a rope, as a gate.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form into hanks.</def>

<h1>Hanker</h1>
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<hw>Han"ker</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hankered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hankering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>hang</ets>; cf. D. <ets>hunkeren</ets>, <ets>hengelen</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To long (for) with a keen appetite and uneasiness; to have a vehement desire; -- usually with <i>for</i> or <i>after</i>; <as>as, to <ex>hanker</ex> after fruit; to <ex>hanker</ex> after the diversions of the town.</as></def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>He was <b>hankering</b> to join his friend.
<i>J. A. Symonds.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To linger in expectation or with desire.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Hankeringly</h1>
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<hw>Han"ker*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a hankering manner.</def>

<h1>Hankey-pankey</h1>
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<hw>Han"key-pan"key</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hocus-pocus</er>.]</ety> <def>Professional cant; the chatter of conjurers to divert attention from their tricks; hence, jugglery.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Hanoverian</h1>
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<hw>Han`o*ve"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Hanover or its people, or to the House of Hanover in England.</def>

<h1>Hanoverian</h1>
<Xpage=669>

<hw>Han`o*ve"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or naturalized inhabitant of Hanover; one of the House of Hanover.</def>

<h1>Han sa</h1>
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<hw>Han" sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 2d <er>Hanse</er>.</def>

<h1>Hansard</h1>
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<hw>Han"sard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An official report of proceedings in the British Parliament; -- so called from the name of the publishers.</def>

<h1>Hansard</h1>
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<hw>Han"sard</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A merchant of one of the Hanse towns. See the Note under 2d <er>Hanse</er>.</def>

<h1>Hanse</h1>
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<hw>Hanse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anse</ets> handle, <ets>anse de panier</ets> surbased arch, flat arch, vault, and E. <ets>haunch</ets> hip.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>That part of an elliptical or many-centered arch which has the shorter radius and immediately adjoins the impost.</def>

<h1>Hanse</h1>
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<hw>Hanse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>hanse</ets>, or F. <ets>hanse</ets> (from German), OHG. & Goth. <ets>hansa</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>h<?/s</ets> band, troop.]</ety> <def>An association; a league or confederacy.</def>

<cs><col>Hanse towns</col> <fld>(Hist.)</fld>, <cd>certain commercial cities in Germany which associated themselves for the protection and enlarging of their commerce. The confederacy, called also <altname>Hansa</altname> and <altname>Hanseatic league</altname>, held its first diet in 1260, and was maintained for nearly four hundred years. At one time the league comprised eighty-five cities. Its remnants, L\'81beck, Hamburg, and Bremen, are <stype>free cities</stype>, and are still frequently called <i>Hanse towns<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hanseatic</h1>
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<hw>Han`se*at"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the Hanse towns, or to their confederacy.</def>

<cs><col>Hanseatic league</col>. <cd>See under 2d <er>Hanse</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hansel</h1>
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<hw>Han"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Handsel</er>.</def>

<h1>Hanselines</h1>
<Xpage=669>

<hw>Han"sel*ines</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sort of breeches.</def> <mark>[Obs..]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<mhw><h1>Hansom, n., Hansom cab</h1>
<Xpage=669>

<hw>Han"som</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Han"som cab`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>. <ety>[From the name of the inventor.]</ety> <def>A light, low, two-wheeled covered carriage with the driver's seat elevated behind, the reins being passed over the top.</def>

<blockquote>He hailed a cruising <b>hansom</b> . . . " 'Tis the gondola of London," said Lothair.
<i>Beaconsfield.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Han't</h1>
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<hw>Han't</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A contraction of <i>have</i> not, or <i>has</i> not, used in illiterate speech. In the United States the commoner spelling is <i>hain't</i>.</def>

<h1>Hanuman</h1>
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<hw>Han"u*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hoonoomaun</er>.</def>

<h1>Hap</h1>
<Xpage=669>

<hw>Hap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE.<ets>happen</ets>.]</ety> <def>To clothe; to wrap.</def>

<blockquote>The surgeon <b>happed</b> her up carefully.
<i>Dr. J. Brown.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hap</h1>
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<hw>Hap</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hap</er> to clothe.]</ety> <def>A cloak or plaid.</def> <mark>[O. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Hap</h1>
<Xpage=669>

<hw>Hap</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>happ</ets> unexpected good luck. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>That which happens or comes suddenly or unexpectedly; also, the manner of occurrence or taking place; chance; fortune; accident; casual event; fate; luck; lot.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Whether art it was or heedless <b>hap</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cursed be good <b>haps</b>, and cursed be they that build
Their hopes on <b>haps</b>.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Loving goes by <b>haps</b>:
Some Cupid kills with arrows, some with traps.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hap</h1>
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<hw>Hap</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>happen</ets>. See <er>Hap</er> chance, and cf. <er>Happen</er>.]</ety> <def>To happen; to befall; to chance.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Sends word of all that <b>haps</b> in Tyre.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hap'penny</h1>
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<hw>Hap'"pen*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A half-penny.</def>

<h1>Haphazard</h1>
<Xpage=669>

<hw>Hap"haz`ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hap</ets> + <ets>hazard</ets>.]</ety> <def>Extra hazard; chance; accident; random.</def>

<blockquote>We take our principles at <b>haphazard</b>, upon trust.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hapless</h1>
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<hw>Hap"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without hap or luck; luckless; unfortunate; unlucky; unhappy; <as>as, <ex>hapless</ex> youth; <ex>hapless</ex> maid.</as></def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Haplessly</h1>
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<hw>Hap"less*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a hapless, unlucky manner.</def>

<h1>Haplomi</h1>
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<hw>Ha*plo"mi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ simple + <?/ shoulder.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of freshwater fishes, including the true pikes, cyprinodonts, and blindfishes.</def>

<h1>Hallostemonous</h1>
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<hw>Hal`lo*stem"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ simple + <?/ a thread.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having but one series of stamens, and that equal in number to the proper number of petals; isostemonous.</def>

<h1>Haply</h1>
<Xpage=669>

<hw>Hap"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be.</def>

<blockquote>Lest <b>haply</b> ye be found even to fight against God.
<i>Acts v. 39.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Happed</h1>
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<hw>Happed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <ety>[From 1st <er>Hap</er>.]</ety> <def>Wrapped; covered; cloaked.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>All <b>happed</b> with flowers in the green wood were.
<i>Hogg.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Happen</h1>
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<hw>Hap"pen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Happened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Happening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>happenen</ets>, <ets>hapnen</ets>. See <er>Hap</er> to happen.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come by chance; to come without previous expectation; to fall out.</def>

<blockquote>There shall no evil <b>happen</b> to the just.
<i>Prov. xii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take place; to occur.</def>

<blockquote>All these things which had <b>happened</b>.
<i>Luke xxiv. 14.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To happen on</col>, <cd>to meet with; to fall or light upon. "I have <i>happened on<i> some other accounts." <i>Graunt</i>.</cd> -- <col>To happen in</col>, <cd>to make a casual call. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Happily</h1>
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<hw>Hap"pi*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Happy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>By chance; peradventure; haply.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By good fortune; fortunately; luckily.</def>

<blockquote>Preferred by conquest, <b>happily</b> o'erthrown.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In a happy manner or state; in happy circumstances; <as>as, he lived <ex>happily</ex> with his wife</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>With address or dexterity; gracefully; felicitously; in a manner to success; with success.</def>

<blockquote>Formed by thy converse, <b>happily</b> to steer
From grave to gay, from lively to severe.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Fortunately; luckily; successfully; prosperously; contentedly; dexterously; felicitously.</syn>

<h1>Happiness</h1>
<Xpage=669>

<hw>Hap"pi*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Happy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Good luck; good fortune; prosperity.</def>

<blockquote>All <b>happiness</b> bechance to thee in Milan!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An agreeable feeling or condition of the soul arising from good fortune or propitious happening of any kind; the possession of those circumstances or that state of being which is attended enjoyment; the state of being happy; contentment; joyful satisfaction; felicity; blessedness.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fortuitous elegance; unstudied grace; -- used especially of language.</def>

<blockquote>Some beauties yet no precepts can declare,
For there's a <b>happiness</b>, as well as care.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Happiness</er>, <er>Felicity</er>, <er>Blessedness</er>, <er>Bliss</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Happiness</i> is generic, and is applied to almost every kind of enjoyment except that of the animal appetites; <i>felicity</i> is a more formal word, and is used more sparingly in the same general sense, but with elevated associations; <i>blessedness</i> is applied to the most refined enjoyment arising from the purest social, benevolent, and religious affections; <i>bliss</i> denotes still more exalted delight, and is applied more appropriately to the joy anticipated in heaven.</usage>

<blockquote>O <b>happiness</b>! our being's end and aim!
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Others in virtue place <b>felicity</b>,
But virtue joined with riches and long life;
In corporal pleasures he, and careless ease.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His overthrow heaped <b>happiness</b> upon him;
For then, and not till then, he felt himself,
And found the <b>blessedness</b> of being little.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Happy</h1>
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<hw>Hap"py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Happier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Happiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Hap</er> chance.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Favored by hap, luck, or fortune; lucky; fortunate; successful; prosperous; satisfying desire; <as>as, a <ex>happy</ex> expedient; a <ex>happy</ex> effort; a <ex>happy</ex> venture; a <ex>happy</ex> omen.</as></def>

<blockquote>Chymists have been more <b>happy</b> in finding experiments than the causes of them.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Experiencing the effect of favorable fortune; having the feeling arising from the consciousness of well-being or of enjoyment; enjoying good of any kind, as peace, tranquillity, comfort; contented; joyous; <as>as, <ex>happy</ex> hours, <ex>happy</ex> thoughts</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Happy</b> is that people, whose God is the Lord.
<i>Ps. cxliv. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The learned is <b>happy</b> Nature to explore,
The fool is <b>happy</b> that he knows no more.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Dexterous; ready; apt; felicitous.</def>

<blockquote>One gentleman is <b>happy</b> at a reply, another excels in a in a rejoinder.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Happy family</col>, <cd>a collection of animals of different and hostile propensities living peaceably together in one cage. Used ironically of conventional alliances of persons who are in fact mutually repugnant.</cd> -- <col>Happy-go-lucky</col>, <cd>trusting to hap or luck; improvident; easy-going. "<i>Happy-go-lucky<i> carelessness."</cd></cs>

<i>W. Black.</i>

<h1>Hapuku</h1>
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<hw>Ha*pu"ku</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large and valuable food fish (<spn>Polyprion prognathus</spn>) of New Zealand. It sometimes weighs one hundred pounds or more.</def>

<h1>Haquebut</h1>
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<hw>Haque"but</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hagbut</er>.</def>

<h1>Hara-kiri</h1>
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<hw>Ha"ra-ki`ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Jap., stomach cutting.]</ety> <def>Suicide, by slashing the abdomen, formerly practiced in Japan, and commanded by the government in the cases of disgraced officials; disembowelment; -- also written, but incorrectly, <asp>hari-kari</asp>.</def>

<i>W. E. Griffis.</i>

<h1>Harangue</h1>
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<hw>Ha*rangue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>harangue</ets>: cf. Sp. <ets>arenda</ets>, It. <ets>aringa</ets>; lit., a speech before a multitude or on the hustings, It. <ets>aringo</ets> arena, hustings, pulpit; all fr. OHG. <ets>hring</ets> ring, anything round, ring of people, G. <ets>ring</ets>. See <er>Ring</er>.]</ety> <def>A speech addressed to a large public assembly; a popular oration; a loud address a multitude; in a bad sense, a noisy or pompous speech; declamation; ranting.</def>

<blockquote>Gray-headed men and grave, with warriors mixed,
Assemble, and <b>harangues</b> are heard.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Harangue</er>, <er>Speech</er>, <er>Oration</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Speech</i> is generic; an <i>oration</i> is an elaborate and rhetorical speech; an <i>harangue</i> is a vehement appeal to the passions, or a noisy, disputatious address. A general makes an <i>harangue</i> to his troops on the eve of a battle; a demagogue <i>harangues</i> the populace on the subject of their wrongs.</usage>

<h1>Harangue</h1>
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<hw>Ha*rangue"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Harangued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Haranguing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>haranguer</ets>, It. <ets>aringare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make an harangue; to declaim.</def>

<h1>Harangue</h1>
<Xpage=669>

<hw>Ha*rangue"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To address by an harangue.</def>

<h1>Harangueful</h1>
<Xpage=669>

<hw>Ha*rangue"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of harangue.</def>

<h1>Haranguer</h1>
<Xpage=669>

<hw>Ha*rang"uer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who harangues, or is fond of haranguing; a declaimer.</def>

<blockquote>With them join'd all th' <b>harangues</b> of the throng,
That thought to get preferment by the tongue.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Harass</h1>
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<hw>Har"ass</hw> <tt>(h&acr;r"<it>a</it>s)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Harassed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Harassing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>harasser</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>harace</ets> a basket made of cords, <ets>harace</ets>, <ets>harasse</ets>,a very heavy and large shield; or <ets>harer</ets> to set (a dog) on.]</ety> <def>To fatigue; to tire with repeated and exhausting efforts; esp., to weary by importunity, teasing, or fretting; to cause to endure excessive burdens or anxieties; -- sometimes followed by <i>out</i>.</def>

<blockquote>[Troops] <b>harassed</b> with a long and wearisome march.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nature oppressed and <b>harass'd</b> out with care.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Vext with lawyers and <b>harass'd</b> with debt.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To weary; jade; tire; perplex; distress; tease; worry; disquiet; chafe; gall; annoy; irritate; plague; vex; molest; trouble; disturb; torment.</syn>

<h1>Harass</h1>
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<hw>Har"ass</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Devastation; waste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Worry; harassment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Harasser</h1>
<Xpage=669>

<hw>Har"ass*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who harasses.</def>

<h1>Harassment</h1>
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<hw>Har"ass*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of harassing, or state of being harassed; worry; annoyance; anxiety.</def>

<blockquote>Little <b>harassments</b> which I am led to suspect do occasionally molest the most fortunate.
<i>Ld. Lytton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Harberous</h1>
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<hw>Har"ber*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Harborous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A bishop must be faultless, the husband of one wife, honestly appareled, <b>harberous</b>.
<i>Tyndale (1 Tim. iii. 2)</i></blockquote>

<h1>Harbinger</h1>
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<hw>Har"bin*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>herbergeour</ets>, OF. <ets>herbergeor</ets> one who provides lodging, fr. <ets>herbergier</ets> to provide lodging, F. <ets>h\'82berger</ets>, OF. <ets>herberge</ets> lodging, inn, F. <ets>auberge</ets>; of German origin. See <er>Harbor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who provides lodgings; especially, the officer of the English royal household who formerly preceded the court when traveling, to provide and prepare lodgings.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A forerunner; a precursor; a messenger.</def>

<blockquote>I knew by these <b>harbingers</b> who were coming.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Harbinger</h1>
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<hw>Har"bin*ger</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Harbingered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Harbingering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To usher in; to be a harbinger of.</def> "Thus did the star of religious freedom <i>harbinger</i> the day."

<i>Bancroft.</i>

<h1>Harbor</h1>
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<hw>Har"bor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>harbour</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[OE <ets>herbor</ets>, <ets>herberwe</ets>, <ets>herberge</ets>, Icel. <ets>herbergi</ets> (cf. OHG. <ets>heriberga</ets>), orig., a shelter for soldiers; <ets>herr</ets> army + <ets>bjarga</ets> to save, help, defend; akin to AS. <ets>here</ets> army, G. <ets>heer</ets>, OHG. <ets>heri</ets>, Goth. <ets>harjis</ets>, and AS. <ets>beorgan</ets> to save, shelter, defend, G. <ets>bergen</ets>. See <er>Harry</er>, <er>2d Bury</er>, and cf. <er>Harbinger</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A station for rest and entertainment; a place of security and comfort; a refuge; a shelter.</def>

<blockquote>[A grove] fair <b>harbour</b> that them seems.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For <b>harbor</b> at a thousand doors they knocked.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specif.: A lodging place; an inn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The mansion of a heavenly body.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A portion of a sea, a lake, or other large body of water, either landlocked or artificially protected so as to be a place of safety for vessels in stormy weather; a port or haven.</def>

<hr>
<page="670">
Page 670<p>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Glass Works)</fld> <def>A mixing box materials.</def>

<cs><col>Harbor dues</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>fees paid for the use of a harbor.</cd> -- <col>Harbor seal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common seal.</cd> -- <col>Harbor watch</col>, <cd>a watch set when a vessel is in port; an anchor watch.</cd></cs>

<h1>Harbor</h1>
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<hw>Har"bor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>harbour</asp>.]</altsp> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Harbored</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Harboring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>herberen</ets>, <ets>herberwen</ets>, <ets>herbergen</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>herbergja</ets>. See <er>Harbor</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To afford lodging to; to enter as guest; to receive; to give a refuge to; indulge or cherish (a thought or feeling, esp. an ill thought).</def>

<blockquote>Any place that <b>harbors</b> men.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The bare suspicion made it treason to <b>harbor</b> the person suspected.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let not your gentle breast <b>harbor</b> one thought of outrage.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Harbor</h1>
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<hw>Har"bor</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lodge, or abide for a time; to take shelter, as in a harbor.</def>

<blockquote>For this night let's <b>harbor</b> here in York.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Harborage</h1>
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<hw>Har"bor*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Shelter; entertainment.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Where can I get me <b>harborage</b> for the night?
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Harborer</h1>
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<hw>Har"bor*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, harbors.</def>

<blockquote>Geneva was . . . a <b>harborer</b> of exiles for religion.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Harborless</h1>
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<hw>Har"bor*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a harbor; shelterless.</def>

<h1>Harbor master</h1>
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<hw>Har"bor mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>An officer charged with the duty of executing the regulations respecting the use of a harbor.</def>

<h1>Harborough, Harbrough</h1>
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<hw><hw>Har"bor*ough</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Har"brough</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw><ety>[See <er>Harbor</er>.]</ety> <def>A shelter.</def> <mark>[Obs]</mark>.

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Harborous</h1>
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<hw>Har"bor*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hospitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hard</h1>
<Xpage=670>

<hw>Hard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Harder</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Hardest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<er>OE</er>. <ets>heard</ets>, AS. <ets>heard</ets>; akin to OS. & D. <ets>heard</ets>, G. <ets>hart</ets>, OHG. <ets>harti</ets>, Icel. <ets>har<?/r</ets>, Dan. <ets>haard</ets>, <ets>Sw</ets>. <ets>h</ets>\'86<ets>rd</ets>, Goth. <ets>hardus</ets>, Gr.<?/ strong, <ets><?/</ets>,<ets><?/</ets>, strength, and also <ets>to</ets> E. <ets>-ard</ets>, as in <ets>coward</ets>, <ets>drunkard</ets>, <ets>-crat</ets>, <ets>-cracy</ets> in auto<ets>crat</ets>, demo<ets>cracy</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>kratu</ets> strength, <ets><?/</ets> to do, make. Gf.<er>Hardy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not easily penetrated, cut, or separated into parts; not yielding to pressure; firm; solid; compact; -- applied to material bodies, and opposed to <i>soft</i>; <as>as, <ex>hard</ex> wood; <ex>hard</ex> flesh; a <ex>hard</ex> apple.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> Difficult, mentally or judicially; not easily apprehended, decided, or resolved; <as>as a <ex>hard</ex> problem</as>.

<blockquote>The <b>hard</b> causes they brought unto Moses.
<i>Ex. xviii. 26.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In which are some things <b>hard</b> to be understood.
<i>2 Peter iii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Difficult to accomplish; full of obstacles; laborious; fatiguing; arduous; <as>as, a <ex>hard</ex> task; a disease <ex>hard</ex> to cure.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Difficult to resist or control; powerful.</def>

<blockquote>The stag was too <b>hard</b> for the horse.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote> A power which will be always too <b>hard</b> for them.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Difficult to bear or endure; not easy to put up with or consent to; hence, severe; rigorous; oppressive; distressing; unjust; grasping; <as>as, a <ex>hard</ex> lot; <ex>hard</ex> times; <ex>hard</ex> fare; a <ex>hard</ex> winter; <ex>hard</ex> conditions or terms.</as></def>

<blockquote>I never could drive a <b>hard</b> bargain.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Difficult to please or influence; stern; unyielding; obdurate; unsympathetic; unfeeling; cruel; <as>as, a <ex>hard</ex> master; a <ex>hard</ex> heart; <ex>hard</ex> words; a <ex>hard</ex> character.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Not easy or agreeable to the taste; stiff; rigid; ungraceful; repelling; <as>as, a <ex>hard</ex> style</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Figures <b>harder</b> than even the marble itself.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Rough; acid; sour, as liquors; <as>as, <ex>hard</ex> cider</as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>(Pron.) Abrupt or explosive in utterance; not aspirated, sibilated, or pronounced with a gradual change of the organs from one position to another;- said of certain consonants, as <i>c</i> in <i>came</i>, and <i>g</i> in <i>go</i>, as distinguished from the same letters in <i>center</i>, <i>general</i>, etc.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance; harsh; <as>as, a <ex>hard</ex> tone</as>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Painting)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of composition.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in the coloring or light and shade.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Hard cancer</col>, <col>Hard case</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Cancer</er>, <er>Case</er>, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Hard clam</col>, &or; <col>Hard-shelled clam</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the guahog.</cd> -- <col>Hard coal</col>, <cd>anthracite, as distinguished from bituminous or <i>soft<i> coal.</cd> -- <col>Hard and fast</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Fast</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hard finish</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a smooth finishing coat of hard fine plaster applied to the surface of rough plastering.</cd> -- <col>Hard lines</col>, <cd>hardship; difficult conditions.</cd> -- <col>Hard money</col>, <cd>coin or specie, as distinguished from paper money.</cd>

-- <col>Hard oyster</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the northern native oyster.</cd> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Hard pan</col>, <cd>the hard stratum of earth lying beneath the soil; hence, figuratively, the firm, substantial, fundamental part or quality of anything; as, the <i>hard pan</i> of character, of a matter in dispute, etc. See <er>Pan</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hard rubber</col>. <cd>See under <er>Rubber</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hard solder</col>. <cd>See under <er>Solder</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hard water</col>, <cd>water, which contains lime or some mineral substance rendering it unfit for washing. See <er>Hardness</er>, 3.</cd>- <col>Hard wood</col>, <cd>wood of a solid or hard texture; as walnut, oak, ash, box, and the like, in distinction from pine, poplar, hemlock, etc.</cd>- <col>In hard condition</col>, <cd>in excellent condition for racing; having firm muscles;-said of race horses.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Solid; arduous; powerful; trying; unyielding; stubborn; stern; flinty; unfeeling; harsh; difficult; severe; obdurate; rigid. See <er>Solid</er>, and <er>Arduous</er>.</syn>

<h1>Hard</h1>
<Xpage=670>

<hw>Hard</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>harde</ets>, AS. <ets>hearde</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly.</def>

<blockquote>And prayed so <b>hard</b> for mercy from the prince.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My father
Is <b>hard</b> at study; pray now, rest yourself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With difficulty; <as>as, the vehicle moves <ex>hard</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Uneasily; vexatiously; slowly.</def>

<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>So as to raise difficulties. " The guestion is <i>hard</i> set".</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>With tension or strain of the powers; violently; with force; tempestuously; vehemently; vigorously; energetically; <as>as, to press, to blow, to rain <ex>hard</ex></as>; hence, rapidly; <as>as, to run <ex>hard</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Close or near.</def>

<blockquote>Whose house joined <b>hard</b> to the synagogue.
<i>Acts xviii.7.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Hard by</col>, <col>near by</col></mcol><cd>; close at hand; not far off.</cd> "<i>Hard by<i> a cottage chimney smokes." <i>Milton</i>. -- <mcol><col>Hard pushed</col>, <col>Hard run</col><mcol>, <cd>greatly pressed; <as>as, he was <ex>hard pushed</ex> or <ex>hard run</ex> for time, money, etc</as>.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Hard up</col>, <cd>closely pressed by want or necessity; without money or resources; <as>as, <ex>hard up<ex> for amusements</as>.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark></cs>

<note>&hand;  <i>Hard</i> in nautical language is often joined to words of command to the helmsman, denoting that the order should be carried out with the utmost energy, or that the helm should be put, in the direction indicated, to the extreme limit, as, <i>Hard aport</i>! <i>Hard astarboard</i>! <i>Hard alee</i>! <i>Hard aweather up</i>!
   <i>Hard</i> is also often used in composition with a participle; as, <i>hard</i>-baked; <i>hard</i>-earned; <i>hard</i>-working; <i>hard</i>-won.</note>

<h1>Hard</h1>
<Xpage=670>

<hw>Hard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To harden; to make hard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hard</h1>
<Xpage=670>

<hw>Hard</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A ford or passage across a river or swamp.</def>

<h1>Hardbake</h1>
<Xpage=670>

<hw>Hard"bake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sweetmeat of boiled brown sugar or molasses made with almonds, and flavored with orange or lemon juice, etc.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Hardbeam</h1>
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<hw>Hard"beam`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree of the genus <spn>Carpinus</spn>, of compact, horny texture; hornbeam.</def>

<h1>Harden</h1>
<Xpage=670>

<hw>Hard"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hardened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hardening</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hardnen</ets>, <ets>hardenen</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make hard or harder; to make firm or compact; to indurate; <as>as, to <ex>harden</ex> clay or iron</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To accustom by labor or suffering to endure with constancy; to strengthen; to stiffen; to inure; also, to confirm in wickedness or shame; to make unimpressionable.</def> "<i>Harden</i> not your heart."

<i>Ps. xcv. 8.</i>

<blockquote>I would <b>harden</b> myself in sorrow.
<i>Job vi. 10.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Harden</h1>
<Xpage=670>

<hw>Hard"en</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become hard or harder; to acquire solidity, or more compactness; <as>as, mortar <ex>hardens</ex> by drying</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The deliberate judgment of those who knew him [A. Lincoln] has <b>hardened</b> into tradition.
<i>The Century.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To become confirmed or strengthened, in either a good or a bad sense.</def>

<blockquote>They, <b>hardened</b> more by what might most reclaim.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hardened</h1>
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<hw>Hard"ened</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made hard, or compact; made unfeeling or callous; made obstinate or obdurate; confirmed in error or vice.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Impenetrable; hard; obdurate; callous; unfeeling; unsusceptible; insensible. See <er>Obdurate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Hardener</h1>
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<hw>Hard"en*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, hardens; specif., one who tempers tools.</def>

<h1>Hardening</h1>
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<hw>Hard"en*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Making hard or harder.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which hardens, as a material used for converting the surface of iron into steel.</def>

<h1>Harder</h1>
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<hw>Har"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South African mullet, salted for food.</def>

<h1>Harderian</h1>
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<hw>Har*de"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A term applied to a lachrymal gland on the inner side of the orbit of many animals which have a third eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See <cref>Nictitating membrane</cref>, under <er>Nictitate</er>.</def>

<h1>Hard-favored</h1>
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<hw>Hard"-fa`vored</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hard-featured; ill-looking; <as>as, Vulcan was <ex>hard-favored</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Hardfavoredness</h1>
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<hw>Hard"fa`vored*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Coarseness of features.</def>

<h1>Hard-featured</h1>
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<hw>Hard"-fea`tured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <def>Having coarse, unattractive or stern features.</def>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Hardfern</h1>
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<hw>Hard"fern`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of fern (<spn>Lomaria borealis</spn>), growing in Europe and Northwestern America.</def>

<h1>Hard-fisted</h1>
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<hw>Hard"-fist`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having hard or strong hands; <as>as, a <ex>hard-fisted</ex> laborer</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Close-fisted; covetous; niggardly.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Hard-fought</h1>
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<hw>Hard"-fought`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. Vigorously</tt> <def>contested; <as>as, a <ex>hard-fought</ex> battle</as>.</def>

<h1>Hard grass</h1>
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<hw>Hard" grass`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several different grasses, especially to the <spn>Roltb\'94llia incurvata</spn>, and to the species of <spn>\'92gilops</spn>, from one of which it is contended that wheat has been derived.</def>

<h1>Hardhack</h1>
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<hw>Hard"hack`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A very astringent shrub (<spn>Spir\'91a tomentosa</spn>), common in pastures. The <spn>Potentilla fruticosa</spn> in also called by this name.</def>

<h1>Hard-handed</h1>
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<hw>Hard"-hand`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having hard hands, as a manual laborer.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hard-handed</b> men that work in Athens here.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hardhead</h1>
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<hw>Hard"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Clash or collision of heads in contest.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The menhaden. See <er>Menhaden</er>.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Block's gurnard (<spn>Trigla gurnardus</spn>) of Europe</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A California salmon; the steelhead</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The gray whale</def>. See <cref>Gray whale</cref>, under <er>Gray</er>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A coarse American commercial sponge (<spn>Spongia dura</spn>).</def>

<h1>Hard-headed</h1>
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<hw>Hard"-head`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having sound judgment; sagacious; shrewd.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hard"-head`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hard-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Hard"-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unsympathetic; inexorable; cruel; pitiless.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hard"-heart`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Harddihead</h1>
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<hw>Hard"di*head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hardihood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Harddihood</h1>
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<hw>Hard"di*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hardy</ets> + <ets>-hood</ets>.]</ety> <def>Boldness, united with firmness and constancy of mind; bravery; intrepidity; also, audaciousness; impudence.</def>

<blockquote>A bound of graceful <b>hardihood</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is the society of numbers which gives <b>hardihood</b> to iniquity.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Intrepidity; courage; pluck; resolution; stoutness; audacity; effrontery; impudence.</syn>

<h1>Hardily</h1>
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<hw>Har"di*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Same as <er>Hardly</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Boldly; stoutly; resolutely.</def>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Hardiment</h1>
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<hw>Har"di*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>hardement</ets>. See <er>Hardy</er>.]</ety> <def>Hardihood; boldness; courage; energetic action.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Changing <b>hardiment</b> with great Glendower.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hardiness</h1>
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<hw>Har"di*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capability of endurance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hardihood; boldness; firmness; assurance.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Plenty and peace breeds cowards; Hardness ever
Of hardiness is mother.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They who were not yet grown to the <b>hardiness</b> of avowing the contempt of the king.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hardship; fatigue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Hardish</h1>
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<hw>Hard"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat hard.</def>

<h1>Hard-labored</h1>
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<hw>Hard"-la`bored</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wrought with severe labor; elaborate; studied.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Hardly</h1>
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<hw>Hard"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS.<ets>heardlice</ets>. See <er>Hand</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In a hard or difficult manner; with difficulty.</def>

<blockquote>Recovering <b>hardly</b> what he lost before.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unwillingly; grudgingly.</def>

<blockquote>The House of Peers gave so <b>hardly</b> thei<?/ consent.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Scarcely; barely; not guite; not wholly.</def>

<blockquote>Hardly shall you one so bad, but he desires the credit of being thought good.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Severely; harshly; roughly.</def>

<blockquote>He has in many things been <b>hardly</b> used.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Confidently; hardily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Certainly; surely; indeed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hard-mouthed</h1>
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<hw>Hard"-mouthed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not sensible to the bit; not easily governed; <as>as, a <ex>hard-mouthed</ex> horse</as>.</def>

<h1>Hardness</h1>
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<hw>Hard"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>heardness</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being hard, literally or figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>The habit of authority also had given his manners some peremptory <b>hardness</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The cohesion of the particles on the surface of a body, determined by its capacity to scratch another, or be itself scratched;-measured among minerals on a scale of which diamond and talc form the extremes.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The peculiar quality exhibited by water which has mineral salts dissolved in it. Such water forms an insoluble compound with soap, and is hence unfit for washing purposes.</def>

<note>&hand; This quality is caused by the presence of calcium carbonate, causing <i>temporary hardness</i> which can be removed by boiling, or by calcium sulphate, causing <i>permanent hardness</i> which can not be so removed, but may be improved by the addition of sodium carbonate.</note>

<h1>Hardock</h1>
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<hw>Har"dock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Hordock</er>.</def>

<h1>Hardpan</h1>
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<hw>Hard"pan`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The hard substratum. Same as <cref>Hard pan</cref>, under <er>Hard</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Hards</h1>
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<hw>Hards</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>herdes</ets>, AS. <ets>heordan</ets>; <ets>akin to G</ets>. <ets>hede</ets>.]</ety> <def>The refuse or coarse part of fiax; tow.</def>

<h1>Hard-shell</h1>
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<hw>Hard"-shell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unyielding; insensible to argument; uncompromising; strict.</def> <mark>[Collog., U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Hardship</h1>
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<hw>Hard"ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is hard to hear, as toil, privation, injury, injustice, etc.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Hardspun</h1>
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<hw>Hard"spun`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Firmly twisted in spinning.</def>

<h1>Hard-tack</h1>
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<hw>Hard"-tack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A name given by soldiers and sailors to a kind of hard biscuit or sea bread.</def>

<h1>Hardtail</h1>
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<hw>Hard"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Jurel</er>.</def>

<h1>Hard-visaged</h1>
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<hw>Hard"-vis`aged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a harsh or stern countenance; hard-featured.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Hardware</h1>
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<hw>Hard"ware`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ware made of metal, as cutlery, kitchen utensils, and the like; ironmongery.</def>

<h1>Hardwareman</h1>
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<hw>Hard"ware`man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hardwaremen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who makes, or deals in, hardware.</def>

<h1>Hardy</h1>
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<hw>Har"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Hardier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Hardiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.<ets>hardi</ets>, p. p. fr. OF. <ets>hardir</ets> to make bold; of German origin, cf. OHG. <ets>hertan</ets> to harden, G. <ets>h\'84rten</ets>. See <er>Hard</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bold; brave; stout; daring; resolu?e; intrepid.</def>

<blockquote>Hap helpeth <b>hardy</b> man alway.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Confident; full of assurance; in a bad sense, morally hardened; shameless.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Strong; firm; compact.</def>

<blockquote>[A] blast may shake in pieces his <b>hardy</b> fabric.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Inured to fatigue or hardships; strong; capable of endurance; <as>as, a <ex>hardy</ex> veteran; a <ex>hardy</ex> mariner.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Able to withstand the cold of winter.</def>

<note>&hand; Plants which are <i>hardy</i> in Virginia may perish in New England. <i>Half-hardy</i> plants are those which are able to withstand mild winters or moderate frosts.</note>

<h1>Hardy</h1>
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<hw>Har"dy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A blacksmith's fuller or chisel, having a square shank for insertion into a square hole in an anvil, called the <i>hardy hole</i>.</def>

<h1>Hare</h1>
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<hw>Hare</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Harry</er>, <er>Harass</er>.]</ety> <def>To excite; to tease, or worry; to harry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Hare</h1>
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<hw>Hare</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hara</ets>; akin to D. <ets>haas</ets>, G. <ets>hase</ets>, OHG. <ets>haso</ets>, Dan. \'91 Sw. <ets>hare</ets>, Icel. <ets>h<?/ri</ets>, Skr. <ets><?/a<?/a</ets>. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rodent of the genus <spn>Lepus</spn>, having long hind legs, a short tail, and a divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, moves swiftly by leaps, and is remarkable for its fecundity.</def>

<note>&hand; The species of hares are numerous. The common European hare is <spn>Lepustimidus</spn>. The northern or varying hare of America (<spn>L. Americanus</spn>), and the prairie hare (<spn>L. campestris</spn>), turn white in winter. In America, the various species of hares are commonly called <altname>rabbits</altname>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A small constellation situated south of and under the foot of Orion; Lepus.</def>

<cs><col>Hare and hounds</col>, <cd>a game played by men and boys, two, called <i>hares<i>, having a few minutes' start, and scattering bits of paper to indicate their course, being chased by the others, called the <i>hounds<i>, through a wide circuit.</cd> -- <col>Hare kangaroo</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>.<cd>, a small Australian kangaroo (<spn>Lagorchestes Leporoides</spn>), resembling the hare in size and color,</cd> -- <col>Hare's lettuce</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Sonchus</spn>, or sow thistle; -- so called because hares are said to eat it when fainting with heat. <i>Dr. Prior</i>.</cd> -- <col>Jumping hare</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Jumping</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Little chief hare</col>, &or; <col>Crying hare</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Chief hare</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sea hare</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Aplysia</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Harebell</h1>
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<hw>Hare"bell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small, slender, branching plant (<spn>Campanula rotundifolia</spn>), having blue bell-shaped flowers; also, <spn>Scilla nutans</spn>, which has similar flowers; -- called also <altname>bluebell</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hairbell</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>E'en the light <b>harebell</b> raised its head.
<i>Sir W. Scott .</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="671">
Page 671<p>

<h1>Hare'brained'</h1>
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<hw>Hare"'brained`'</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wild; giddy; volatile; heedless. "A mad <i>hare-brained</i> fellow." <i>North (Plutarch)</i></def>. <altsp>[Written also <asp>hairbrained</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Harefoot</h1>
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<hw>Hare"foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A long, narrow foot, carried (that is, produced or extending) forward; -- said of dogs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot)</fld> <def>A tree (<spn>Ochroma Laqopus</spn>) of the West Indies, having the stamens united somewhat in the form of a hare's foot.</def>

<cs><col>Harefoot clover</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of clover (<spn>Trifolium arvense</spn>) with soft and silky heads.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hare-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Hare"-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Timorous; timid; easily frightened.</def>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Harehound</h1>
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<hw>Hare"hound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Harrier</er>.</def>

<i>A. Chalmers.</i>

<h1>Hareld</h1>
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<hw>Har"eld</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The long-tailed duck.</def> See <er>Old Squaw</er>.

<h1>Harelip</h1>
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<hw>Hare"lip`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lip, commonly the upper one, having a fissure of perpendicular division like that of a hare.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hare"lipped`</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Harem</h1>
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<hw>Ha"rem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[Ar.<ets>haram</ets>, orig., anything forbidden of sacred, fr. <ets>harama</ets> to forbid, prohibit.]</ety> <ety>[Written also <ets>haram</ets> and <ets>hareem</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The apartments or portion of the house allotted to females in Mohammedan families.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The family of wives and concubines belonging to one man, in Mohammedan countries; a seraglio.</def>

<h1>Harengiform</h1>
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<hw>Ha*ren"gi*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hareng</ets> herring (LL.<ets>harengus</ets>) + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Herring-shaped.</def>

<h1>Hare's-ear</h1>
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<hw>Hare's"-ear`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An umbelliferous plant (<spn>Bupleurum rotundifolium</spn> ); -- so named from the shape of its leaves.</def>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Hare's-foot fern</h1>
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<hw>Hare's"-foot` fern`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of fern (<spn>Davallia Canariensis</spn>) with a soft, gray, hairy rootstock; -- whence the name.</def>

<h1>Hare's-tail</h1>
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<hw>Hare's"-tail`</hw> <tt>(-t&amac;l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of grass (<spn>Eriophorum vaginatum</spn>). See <cref>Cotton grass</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Hare's-tail grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of grass (<spn>Lagurus ovatus</spn>) whose head resembles a hare's tail.</cd></cs>

<h1>Harfang</h1>
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<hw>Har"fang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hare</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and <er>Fang</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The snowy owl.</def>

<h1>Hariali grass</h1>
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<hw>Ha`ri*a"li grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The East Indian name of the <spn>Cynodon Dactylon</spn>; dog's-grass.</def>

<h1>Haricot</h1>
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<hw>Har"i*cot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A ragout or stew of meat with beans and other vegetables.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The ripe seeds, or the unripe pod, of the common string bean (<spn>Phaseolus vulgaris</spn>), used as a vegetable. Other species of the same genus furnish different kinds of haricots.</def>

<h1>Harier</h1>
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<hw>Har"i*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Harrier</er>.</def>

<h1>Harikari</h1>
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<hw>Ha"ri*ka`ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hara-kiri</er>.</def>

<h1>Harioiation</h1>
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<hw>Har`i*o*ia"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ariolation</er>.]</ety> <def>Prognostication; soothsaying.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Harish</h1>
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<hw>Har"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a hare.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Huloet.</i>

<h1>Hark</h1>
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<hw>Hark</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>herken</ets>. See <er>Hearken</er>.]</ety> <def>To listen; to hearken.</def> <mark>[Now rare, except in the imperative form used as an interjection, Hark! listen.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Hark away!</col> <col>Hark back!</col> <col>Hark forward!</col></mcol> <fld>(Sporting)</fld>, <cd>cries used to incite and guide hounds in hunting.</cd> -- <col>To hark back</col>, <cd>to go back for a fresh start, as when one has wandered from his direct course, or made a digression.</cd>

<blockquote>He must have overshot the mark, and must <b>hark back</b>. <b>Haggard</b>.  He <b>harked back</b> to the subject.
<i>W. E. Norris.</i></blockquote></cs>

<h1>Harken</h1>
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<hw>Hark"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To hearken.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Harl</h1>
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<hw>Harl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OHG. <ets>harluf</ets> noose, rope; E. <ets>hards</ets> refuse of flax.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A filamentous substance; especially, the filaments of flax or hemp.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A barb, or barbs, of a fine large feather, as of a peacock or ostrich, -- used in dressing artificial flies.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>herl</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Harle</h1>
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<hw>Harle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The red-breasted merganser.</def>

<h1>Harlech group</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har"lech group`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[ So called from <ets>Harlech</ets> in Wales.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A minor subdivision at the base of the Cambrian system in Wales.</def>

<h1>Harlequin</h1>
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<hw>Har"le*quin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arlequin</ets>,formerly written also <ets>harlequin</ets> (cf. It, <ets>arlecchino</ets>), prob. fr. OF. <ets>hierlekin</ets>, <ets>hellequin</ets>, goblin, elf, which is prob. of German or Dutch origin; cf. D. <ets>hel</ets> hell. Cf. <er>Hell</er>, <er>Kin</er>.]</ety> <def>A buffoon, dressed in party-colored clothes, who plays tricks, often without speaking, to divert the bystanders or an audience; a merry-andrew; originally, a droll rogue of Italian comedy.</def>

<i>Percy Smith.</i>

<blockquote>As dumb <b>harlequin</b> is exhibited in our theaters.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Harlequin bat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Indian bat (<spn>Scotophilus ornatus</spn>), curiously variegated with white spots.</cd> -- <col>Harlequin beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large South American beetle (<spn>Acrocinus longimanus</spn>) having very long legs and antenn\'91. The elytra are curiously marked with red, black, and gray.</cd> -- <col>Harlequin cabbage bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Calicoback</er>.</cd> -- <col>Harlequin caterpillar</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of an American bombycid moth <spn>(Euch\'91tes egle)</spn> which is covered with black, white, yellow, and orange tufts of hair.</cd> -- <col>Harlequin duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a North American duck (<spn>Histrionicus histrionicus</spn>). The male is dark ash, curiously streaked with white.</cd> -- <col>Harlequin moth</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Magpie Moth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Harlequin opal</col>. <cd>See <er>Opal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Harlequin snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small, poisonous snake (<spn>Elaps fulvius</spn>), ringed with red and black, found in the Southern United States.</cd></cs>

<h1>Harlequin</h1>
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<hw>Har"le*quin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. i.</tt> <def>To play the droll; to make sport by playing ludicrous tricks.</def>

<h1>Harlequin</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har"le*quin</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Toremove or conjure away, as by a harlequin's trick.</def>

<blockquote>And kitten,if the humor hit
Has <b>harlequined</b> away the fit.
<i>M. Green.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Harlequinade</h1>
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<hw>Har"le*quin*ade`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arleguinade</ets>.]</ety> <def>A play or part of play in which the harlequin is conspicuous; the part of a harlequin.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Harlock</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har"lock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Probably a corruption either of <i>charlock or hardock</i>.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Harlot</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har"lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.<ets>harlot</ets>, <ets>herlot</ets>, a vagabond, OF. <ets>harlot</ets>, <ets>herlot</ets>, <ets>arlot</ets>; cf. Pr. <ets>arlot</ets>, Sp. <ets>arlote</ets>, It. <ets>arlotto</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A churl; a common man; a person, male or female, of low birth.</def>

<i><mark>[Obs.]</mark></i>

<blockquote>He was a gentle <b>harlot</b> and a kind.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person given to low conduct; a rogue; a cheat; a rascal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A woman who prostitutes her body for hire; a prostitute; a common woman; a strumpet.</def>

<h1>Harlot</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har"lot</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wanton; lewd; low; base.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Harlot</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har"lot</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To play the harlot; to practice lewdness.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Harlotize</h1>
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<hw>Har"lot*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To harlot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Warner.</i>

<h1>Harlotry</h1>
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<hw>Har"lot*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ribaldry; buffoonery; a ribald story.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman. Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The trade or practice of prostitution; habitual or customary lewdness.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything meretricious; <as>as, <ex>harlotry</ex> in art</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A harlot; a strumpet; a baggage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He sups to-night with <b>a harlotry</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Harm</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Harm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.<ets>harm</ets>, <ets>hearm</ets>, AS.<ets>hearm</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>harm</ets>, G. <ets>harm</ets> grief, Icel. <ets>harmr</ets>, Dan. <ets>harme</ets>, <ets>Sw</ets>. <ets>harm</ets>; cf. OSlav. & Russ. <ets>sram'</ets> shame, Skr. <ets>crama</ets> toil, fatigue.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Injury; hurt; damage; detriment; misfortune.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which causes injury, damage, or loss.</def>

<blockquote>We, ignorant of ourselves,
Beg often our own <b>harms</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Mischief; evil; loss; injury. See <er>Mischief</er>.</syn>

<h1>Harm</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Harm</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Harmed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Harming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>harmen</ets>, AS. <ets>hearmian</ets>. See <er>Harm</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To hurt; to injure; to damage; to wrong.</def>

<blockquote>Though yet he never <b>harmed</b> me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No ground of enmity between us known
Why he should mean me ill or seek to <b>harm</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Harmaline</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har"ma*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>harmaline</ets> See <er>Harmel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid found in the plant <i>Peganum harmala</i>. It forms bitter, yellow salts.</def>

<h1>Harmattan</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har*mat"tan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>harmattan</ets>, prob. of Arabic origin.]</ety> <def>A dry, hot wind, prevailing on the Atlantic coast of Africa, in December, January, and February, blowing from the interior or Sahara. It is usually accompanied by a haze which obscures the sun.</def>

<h1>Harmel</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har"mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>harmal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of rue (<spn>Ruta sylvestris</spn>) growing in India. At Lahore the seeds are used medicinally and for fumigation.</def>

<h1>Harmful</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Harm"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of harm; injurious; hurtful; mischievous.</def> " Most <i>harmful</i> hazards."

<i>Strype.</i>

--<wordforms><wf>Harm"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Harm"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Harmine</h1>
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<hw>Har"mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[See <er>Harmaline</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid accompanying harmaline (in the <spn>Peganum harmala</spn>), and obtained from it by oxidation. It is a white crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Harmless</h1>
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<hw>Harm"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Free from harm; unhurt; <as>as, to give bond to save another <ex>harmless</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free from power or disposition to harm; innocent; inoffensive.</def> " The <i>harmless</i> deer."

<i>Drayton</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Innocent; innoxious; innocuous; inoffensive; unoffending; unhurt; uninjured; unharmed.</syn>

--<wordforms><wf>Harm"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt>- <wf>Harm"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<mhw><h1>Harmonic, Harmonical</h1>
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<hw>Har*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Har*mon"ic*al</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>harmonicus</ets>, Gr. <?/; cf. F. <ets>harmonique</ets>. See <er>Harmony</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Concordant; musical; consonant; <as>as, <ex>harmonic</ex> sounds</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Harmonic twang! of leather, horn, and brass.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Relating to harmony, -- as <i>melodic</i> relates to melody; harmonious; esp., relating to the accessory sounds or overtones which accompany the predominant and apparent single tone of any string or sonorous body.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Having relations or properties bearing some resemblance to those of musical consonances; -- said of certain numbers, ratios, proportions, points, lines. motions, and the like.</def>

<cs><col>Harmonic interval</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the distance between two notes of a chord, or two consonant notes.</cd> -- <col>Harmonical mean</col> <fld>(Arith. & Alg.)</fld>, <cd>certain relations of numbers and quantities, which bear an analogy to musical consonances.</cd> -- <col>Harmonic motion</col>, <-- reference to diagram of a circle with radius having point P on the circle, and a diameter with point A in the diameter. THe motion of point A, plotted over time, will describe a sine wave!  --><cd>the motion of the point A, of the foot of the perpendicular PA, when P moves uniformly in the circumference of a circle, and PA is drawn perpendicularly upon a fixed diameter of the circle. This is <i>simple harmonic motion</i>. The combinations, in any way, of two more simple harmonic motions, make other kinds of harmonic motion.  The motion of the pendulum bob of a clock is approximately <i>simple harmonic motion</i>.</cd> --  <col>Harmonic proportion</col>. <cd>See under <er>Proportion</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Harmonic series</col> &or;  <col>progression</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Progression</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spherical harmonic analysis</col>, <cd>a mathematical method, sometimes referred to as that of <i>Laplace's Coefficients</i>, which has for its object the expression of an arbitrary, periodic function of two independent variables, in the proper form for a large class of physical problems, involving arbitrary data, over a spherical surface, and the deduction of solutions for every point of space. The functions employed in this method are called <i>spherical harmonic functions</i>.</cd> <i>Thomson & Tait</i>. -- <col>Harmonic suture</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>an articulation by simple apposition of comparatively smooth surfaces or edges, as between the two superior maxillary bones in man; -- called also <altname>harmonic</altname>, and <altname>harmony</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Harmonic triad</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the chord of a note with its third and fifth; the common chord.</cd></cs>

<h1>Harmonic</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A musical note produced by a number of vibrations which is a multiple of the number producing some other; an overtone. See <er>Harmonics</er>.</def>

<h1>Harmonica</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har*mon"i*ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Fem. fr. L. <ets>harmonicus</ets> harmonic. See <er>Harmonic</er>, <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A musical instrument, consisting of a series of hemispherical glasses which, by touching the edges with the dampened finger, give forth the tones.</def><-- NOTE: This is now called the "Glass harmonica".  The modern hand instrument has reeds -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A toy instrument of strips of glass or metal hung on two tapes, and struck with hammers.</def>

<h1>Har monically</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har* mon"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an harmonical manner; harmoniously.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In respect to harmony, as distinguished from <i>melody</i>; <as>as, a passage <ex>harmonically</ex> correct</as></def>.

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>In harmonical progression.</def>

<h1>Harmonicon</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har*mon"i*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small, flat, wind instrument of music, in which the notes are produced by the vibration of free metallic reeds.</def><-- now called the harmonica. -->

<h1>Harmonics</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har*mon"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The doctrine or science of musical sounds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Secondary and less distinct tones which accompany any principal, and apparently simple, tone, as the octave, the twelfth, the fifteenth, and the seventeenth. The name is also applied to the artificial tones produced by a string or column of air, when the impulse given to it suffices only to make a part of the string or column vibrate; overtones.</def>

<h1>Harmonious</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har*mo"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>harmonieux</ets>. See <er>Harmony</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Adapted to each other; having parts proportioned to each other; symmetrical.</def>

<blockquote>God hath made the intellectual world <b>harmonious</b> and beautiful without us.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Acting together to a common end; agreeing in action or feeling; living in peace and friendship; <as>as, an <ex>harmonious</ex> family</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Vocally or musically concordant; agreeably consonant; symphonious.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Har*mo"ni*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Har*mo"ni*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Harmoniphon</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har*mon"i*phon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/ harmony + <?/ sound.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An obsolete wind instrument with a keyboard, in which the sound, which resembled the oboe, was produced by the vibration of thin metallic plates, acted upon by blowing through a tube</def>.

<h1>Harmonist</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har"mo*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>harmoniste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who shows the agreement or harmony of corresponding passages of different authors, as of the four evangelists.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One who understands the principles of harmony or is skillful in applying them in composition; a musical composer.</def>

<h1>Harmonist, Harmonite</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw><hw>Har"mo*nist</hw>, <hw>Har"mo*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a religious sect, founded in W\'81rtemburg in the last century, composed of followers of George Rapp, a weaver. They had all their property in common. In 1803, a portion of this sect settled in Pennsylvania and called the village thus established, Harmony.</def>

<h1>Harmonium</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har*mo"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Harmony</er>. ]</ety> <def>A musical instrument, resembling a small organ and especially designed for church music, in which the tones are produced by forcing air by means of a bellows so as to cause the vibration of free metallic reeds. It is now made with one or two keyboards, and has pedals and stops.</def>

<h1>Harmonization</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har`mo*ni*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of harmonizing.</def>

<h1>Harmonize</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har"mo*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Harmonized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Harmonizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>harmoniser</ets>. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To agree in action, adaptation, or effect on the mind; to agree in sense or purport; <as>as, the parts of a mechanism <ex>harmonize</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be in peace and friendship, as individuals, families, or public organizations.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To agree in vocal or musical effect; to form a concord; <as>as, the tones <ex>harmonize</ex> perfectly</as>.</def>

<h1>Harmonize</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har"mo*nize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To adjust in fit proportions; to cause to agree; to show the agreement of; to reconcile the apparent contradiction of.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To accompany with harmony; to provide with parts, as an air, or melody.</def>

<h1>Harmonizer</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har"mo*ni`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who harmonizes.</def>

<h1>Harmonometer</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har`mo*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ harmony + <ets>meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>harmonometre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the harmonic relations of sounds. It is often a monochord furnished with movable bridges.</def>

<h1>Harmony</h1>
<Xpage=671>

<hw>Har"mo*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Harmonies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[ F.<ets>harmonic</ets>, L. <ets>harmonia</ets>, Gr. <?/ joint, proportion, concord, fr. <?/ a fitting or joining. See <er>Article</er>. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The just adaptation of parts to each other, in any system or combination of things, or in things, or things intended to form a connected whole; such an agreement between the different parts of a design or composition as to produce unity of effect; <as>as, the <ex>harmony</ex> of the universe</as>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Concord or agreement in facts, opinions, manners, interests, etc.; good correspondence; peace and friendship; <as>as, good citizens live in <ex>harmony</ex></as></def>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A literary work which brings together or arranges systematically parallel passages of historians respecting the same events, and shows their agreement or consistency; <as>as, a <ex>harmony</ex> of the Gospels</as></def>.

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A succession of chords according to the rules of progression and modulation</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The science which treats of their construction and progression.</def>

<blockquote>Ten thousand harps, that tuned
Angelic <b>harmonies</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Harmonic suture</cref>, under <er>Harmonic</er>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Close harmony</col>, <col>Dispersed harmony</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Close</er>, <er>Dispersed</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Harmony of the spheres</col>. <cd>See <cref>Music of the spheres</cref>, under <er>Music</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Harmony</er>, <er>Melody</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Harmony</i> results from the concord of two or more strains or sounds which differ in pitch and quality. <i>Melody</i> denotes the pleasing alternation and variety of musical and measured sounds, as they succeed each other in a single verse or strain.</usage>

<hr>
<page="672">
Page 672<p>

<h1>Harmost</h1>
<Xpage=672>

<hw>Har"most</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <?/  to join, arrange, command: cf. F. <ets>harmoste</ets>. See <er>Harmony</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A governor or prefect appointed by the Spartans in the cities subjugated by them.</def>

<h1>Harmotome</h1>
<Xpage=672>

<hw>Har"mo*tome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/  a joint + <?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>harmotome</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta, occurring usually in white cruciform crystals; cross-stone.</def>

<note>&hand; A related mineral, called <i>lime harmotome</i>, and <i>Phillipsite</i>, contains lime in place of baryta.</note>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Harness</h1>
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<hw>Har"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>harneis</ets>, <ets>harnes</ets>, OF.<ets>harneis</ets>, F. <ets>harnais</ets>, <ets>harnois</ets>; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. <ets>harnez</ets> old iron, armor, W. <ets>haiarn</ets> iron, Armor. <ets>houarn</ets>, Ir. <ets>iarann</ets>, Gael. <ets>iarunn</ets>. Gf. <er>Iron</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, the complete dress, especially in a military sense, of a man or a horse; hence, in general, armor.</def>

<blockquote>At least we 'll die witch <b>harness</b> on our back.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The equipment of a draught or carriage horse, for drawing a wagon, coach, chaise, etc.; gear; tackling.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The part of a loom comprising the heddles, with their means of support and motion, by which the threads of the warp are alternately raised and depressed for the passage of the shuttle.</def>

<cs><col>To die in harness</col>, <cd>to die with armor on; hence, colloquially, to die while actively engaged in work or duty.</cd></cs>

<h1>Harness</h1>
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<hw>Har"ness</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Harnessed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Harnessing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>harneisen</ets>; cf. F. <ets>harnacher</ets>, OF. <ets>harneschier</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dress in armor; to equip with armor for war, as a horseman; to array.</def>

<blockquote><b>Harnessed</b> in rugged steel.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A gay dagger,
<b>Harnessed</b> well and sharp as point of spear.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To equip or furnish for defense.</def> <i>Dr. H. More</i>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make ready for draught; to equip with harness, as a horse. Also used figuratively.</def>

<blockquote><b>Harnessed</b> to some regular profession.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Harnessed antelope</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Guib</er>.</cd> -- <col>Harnessed moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American bombycid moth (<spn>Arctia phalerata</spn> of Harris), having, on the fore wings, stripes and bands of buff on a black ground.</cd></cs>

<h1>Harness cask</h1>
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<hw>Har"ness cask`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A tub lashed to a vessel's deck and containing salted provisions for daily use; -- called also <altname>harness tub</altname>.</def>

<i>W. C. Russell. </i>

<h1>Harnesser</h1>
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<hw>Har"ness*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who harnesses.</def>

<h1>Harns</h1>
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<hw>Harns</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Akin to Icel.<ets>hjarni</ets>, Dan. <ets>hierne</ets>.]</ety> <def>The brains.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Harp</h1>
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<hw>Harp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>harpe</ets>, AS. <ets>hearpe</ets>; akin to D. <ets>harp</ets>, G.<ets>harfe</ets>, OHG. <ets>harpha</ets>, Dan. <ets>harpe</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>harpa</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A musical instrument consisting of a triangular frame furnished with strings and sometimes with pedals, held upright, and played with the fingers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A constellation; <i>Lyra</i>, or the Lyre.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A grain sieve.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<cs><col>\'92olian harp</col>. <cd>See under <er>\'92olian</er>.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Harp seal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an arctic seal (<spn>Phoca Gr\'d2nlandica</spn>). The adult males have a light-colored body, with a harp-shaped mark of black on each side, and the face and throat black. Called also <altname>saddler</altname>, and <altname>saddleback</altname>. The immature ones are called <altname>bluesides</altname>. -- <col>Harp shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful marine gastropod shell of the genus <spn>Harpa</spn>, of several species, found in tropical seas. See <er>Harpa</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Harp</h1>
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<hw>Harp</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Harped</er> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Harping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>hearpian</ets>. See <er>Harp</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To play on the harp.</def>

<blockquote>I heard the voice of harpers, <b>harping</b> with their harps.
<i>Rev. xiv. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dwell on or recur to a subject tediously or monotonously in speaking or in writing; to refer to something repeatedly or continually; -- usually with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def> "<i>Harpings</i> upon old themes."

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<blockquote><b>Harping</b> on what I am,
Not what he knew I was.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To harp on one string</col>, <cd>to dwell upon one subject with disagreeable or wearisome persistence. <mark>[Collog.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Harp</h1>
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<hw>Harp</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To play on, as a harp; to play (a tune) on the harp; to develop or give expression to by skill and art; to sound forth as from a harp; to hit upon.</def>

<blockquote>Thou '<b>harped</b> my fear aright.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Harpa</h1>
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<hw>Har"pa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., harp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine univalve shells; the harp shells; -- so called from the form of the shells, and their ornamental ribs.</def>

<h1>Harpagon</h1>
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<hw>Har"pa*gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>harpago</ets>, Gr. <?/ hook, rake.]</ety> <def>A grappling iron.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Harper</h1>
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<hw>Harp"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hearpere</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A player on the harp; a minstrel.</def>

<blockquote>The murmuring pines and the hemlocks . . .
Stand like <b>harpers</b> hoar, with beards that rest on their bosoms.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A brass coin bearing the emblem of a harp, -- formerly current in Ireland.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Harping</h1>
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<hw>Harp"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the harp; <as>as, <ex>harping</ex> symphonies</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Harping iron</h1>
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<hw>Harp"ing i`ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F.<ets>harper</ets> to grasp strongly. See <er>Harpoon</er>.]</ety> <def>A harpoon.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Harpings</h1>
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<hw>Harp"ings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The fore parts of the wales, which encompass the bow of a vessel, and are fastened to the stem.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>harpins</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Harpist</h1>
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<hw>Harp"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gf. F. <ets>harpiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A player on the harp; a harper.</def>

<i>W. Browne.</i>

<h1>Harpoon</h1>
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<hw>Har*poon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>harpon</ets>, LL. <ets>harpo</ets>, perh. of Ger. origin, fr. the <ets>harp</ets>; cf. F. <ets>harper</ets> to take and grasp strongly, <ets>harpe</ets> a dog's claw, <ets>harpin</ets> boathook (the sense of <ets>hook</ets> coming from the shape of the harp); but cf. also Gr. <?/ the kite, sickle, and E. <ets>harpy</ets>. Cf. <er>Harp</er>.]</ety> <def>A spear or javelin used to strike and kill large fish, as whales; a harping iron. It consists of a long shank, with a broad, fiat, triangular head, sharpened at both edges, and is thrown by hand, or discharged from a gun.</def>

<cs><col>Harpoon fork</col>, <cd>a kind of hayfork, consisting of bar with hinged barbs at one end a loop for a rope at the other end, used for lifting hay from the load by horse power.</cd> -- <col>Harpoon gun</col>, <cd>a gun used in the whale fishery for shooting the harpoon into a whale.</cd></cs>

<h1>Harpoon</h1>
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<hw>Har*poon"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Harpooned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Harpooning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strike, catch, or kill with a harpoon.</def>

<h1>Harpooneer</h1>
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<hw>Har`poon*eer`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An harpooner.</def>

<i>Grabb.</i>

<h1>Harpooner</h1>
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<hw>Har*poon`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gf. F. <ets>harponneur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who throws the harpoon.</def>

<h1>Harpress</h1>
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<hw>Harp`ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female harper.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Harpsichon</h1>
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<hw>Harp"si*chon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A harpsichord.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Harpsichord</h1>
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<hw>Harp"si*chord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>harpechorde</ets>, in which the <ets>harpe</ets> is of German origin. See <er>Harp</er>, and <er>Chord</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A harp-shaped instrument of music set horizontally on legs, like the grand piano, with strings of wire, played by the fingers, by means of keys provided with quills, instead of hammers, for striking the strings. It is now superseded by the piano.</def>

<h1>Harpy</h1>
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<hw>Har"py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Harpies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>harpie</ets>, L. <ets>harpyia</ets>, Gr. <?/, from the root of <?/ to snatch, to seize. Gf. <er>Rapacious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>A fabulous winged monster, ravenous and filthy, having the face of a woman and the body of a vulture, with long claws, and the face pale with hunger. Some writers mention two, others three.</def>

<blockquote>Both table and provisions vanished guite.
With sound of <b>harpies'</b> wings and talons heard.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is rapacious or ravenous; an extortioner.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>harpies</b> about all pocket the pool.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The European moor buzzard or marsh harrier (<spn>Circus \'91ruginosus</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A large and powerful, double-crested, short-winged American eagle (<spn>Thrasa\'89tus harpyia</spn>). It ranges from Texas to Brazil.</def>

<cs><col>Harpy bat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An East Indian fruit bat of the genus <spn>Harpyia</spn> (esp. <spn>H. cerphalotes</spn>), having prominent, tubular nostrils.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A small, insectivorous Indian bat (<spn>Harpiocephalus harpia</spn>).</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Harpy fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the house fly.</cd></cs>

<h1>Harquebus, Harquebuse</h1>
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<hw><hw>Har"que*bus</hw>, <hw>Har"que*buse</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Arquebus</er>.]</ety> <def>A firearm with match holder, trigger, and tumbler, made in the second half of the 15th century. the barrel was about forty inches long. A form of the harquebus was subsequently called <i>arquebus with matchlock</i>.</def>

<h1>Harrage</h1>
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<hw>Har"rage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t..</tt> <ety>[See <er>Harry</er>.]</ety> <def>To harass; to plunder from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Harre</h1>
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<hw>Har"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE., fr. AS. <ets>heorr</ets>, <ets>hior</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hinge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Harridan</h1>
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<hw>Har"ri*dan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>haridelle</ets> a worn-out horse, jade.]</ety> <def>A worn-out strumpet; a vixenish woman; a hag.</def>

<blockquote>Such a weak, watery, wicked old <b>harridan</b>, substituted for the pretty creature I had been used to see.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Harrier</h1>
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<hw>Har"ri*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Hare</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a small breed of hounds, used for hunting hares.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>harier</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Harrier</h1>
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<hw>Har"ri*er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Harry</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who harries.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of hawks or buzzards of the genus <spn>Circus</spn> which fly low and <i>harry</i> small animals or birds, -- as the European marsh harrier (<spn>Circus \'91runginosus</spn>), and the hen harrier (<spn>C. cyaneus</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>Harrier hawk</col><cd>(<?/), one of several species of American hawks of the genus <spn>Micrastur</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Harrow</h1>
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<hw>Har"row</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>harowe</ets>, <ets>harwe</ets>, AS. <ets>hearge</ets>; cf. D. <ets>hark</ets> rake, G. <ets>harke</ets>, Icel. <ets>herfi</ets> harrow, Dan. <ets>harve</ets>, Sw. <ets>harf</ets>. <ets><?/</ets><?/<?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An implement of agriculture, usually formed of pieces of timber or metal crossing each other, and set with iron or wooden teeth. It is drawn over plowed land to level it and break the clods, to stir the soil and make it fine, or to cover seed when sown.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An obstacle formed by turning an ordinary harrow upside down, the frame being buried.</def>

<cs><col>Bush harrow</col>, <cd>a kind of light harrow made of bushes, for harrowing grass lands and covering seeds, or to finish the work of a toothed harrow.</cd> -- <col>Drill harrow</col>. <cd>See under 6th <er>Drill</er>.</cd> -- <col>Under the harrow</col>, <cd>subjected to actual torture with a toothed instrument, or to great affliction or oppression.</cd></cs>

<h1>Harrow</h1>
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<hw>Har"row</hw>, <tt>v. t..</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Harrowed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Harrowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>harowen</ets>, <ets>harwen</ets>; cf. Dan. <ets>harve</ets>. See <er>Harrow</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw a harrow over, as for the purpose of breaking clods and leveling the surface, or for covering seed; <as>as, to <ex>harrow</ex> land</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Will he <b>harrow</b> the valleys after thee?
<i>Job xxxix. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To break or tear, as with a harrow; to wound; to lacerate; to torment or distress; to vex.</def>

<blockquote>My aged muscles <b>harrowed</b> up with whips.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I could a tale unfold, whose lightest word
Would <b>harrow</b> up thy soul.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Harrow</h1>
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<hw>Har"row</hw>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>harau</ets>, <ets>haro</ets>; fr. OHG. <ets>hara</ets>, <ets>hera</ets>, <ets>herot</ets>, or fr. OS. <ets>herod</ets> hither, akin to E. <ets>here</ets>.]</ety> <def>Help! Halloo! An exclamation of distress; a call for succor;-the ancient Norman hue and cry.</def> "<i>Harrow</i> and well away!"

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote><b>Harrow</b>! alas! here lies my fellow slain.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Harrow</h1>
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<hw>Har"row</hw>, <tt>v. t..</tt> <ety>[See <er>Harry</er>.]</ety> <def>To pillage; to harry; to oppress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Meaning thereby to <b>harrow</b> his people.
<i>Bacon</i></blockquote>

<h1>Harrower</h1>
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<hw>Har"row*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who harrows.</def>

<h1>Harrower</h1>
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<hw>Har"row*er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who harries.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Harry</h1>
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<hw>Har"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t..</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Harried</er><tt>( ?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Harrying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>harwen</ets>, <ets>herien</ets>, <ets>her<?/ien</ets>, AS. <ets>hergisn</ets> to act as an army, to ravage, plunder, fr. <ets>here</ets> army; akin to G. <ets>here</ets> army; akin to G. <ets>heer</ets>, <ets>Icel</ets>. <ets>herr</ets>, Goth. <ets>harjis</ets>, and Lith. <ets>karas</ets> war. Gf. <er>Harbor</er>, <er>Herald</er>, <er>Heriot</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To strip; to lay waste; <as>as, the Northmen came several times and <ex>harried</ex> the land</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>harry this beautiful region</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A red squirrel had <b>harried</b> the nest of a wood thrush.
<i>J. Burroughs.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To agitate; to worry; to harrow; to harass.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To ravage; plunder; pillage; lay waste; vex; tease; worry; annoy; harass.</syn>

<h1>Harry</h1>
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<hw>Har"ry</hw>, <tt>v. i..</tt> <def>To make a predatory incursion; to plunder or lay waste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. &  Fl.</i>

<h1>Harsh</h1>
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<hw>Harsh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Harsher</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Harshest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>harsk</ets>; akin to G. <ets>harsch</ets>, Dan. <ets>harsk</ets> rancid, Sw. <ets>h\'84rsk</ets>; from the same source as E. <ets>hard</ets>. See <er>Hard</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rough; disagreeable; grating; esp.:(a) To the touch."<i>Harsh</i> sand." <i>Boyle</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> To the taste. "Berries <i>harsh</i> and crude." <i>Milton</i>. (c) To the ear. "<i>Harsh</i> din." <i>Milton</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unpleasant and repulsive to the sensibilities; austere; crabbed; morose; abusive; abusive; severe; rough.</def>

<blockquote>Clarence is so <b>harsh</b>, so blunt.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Though <b>harsh</b> the precept, yet the charmed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Painting, Drawing, etc.)</fld> <def>Having violent contrasts of color, or of light and shade; lacking in harmony.</def>

<h1>Harshly</h1>
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<hw>Harsh"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a harsh manner; gratingly; roughly; rudely.</def>

<blockquote>'T will sound <b>harshly</b> in her ears.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Harshness</h1>
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<hw>Harsh"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being harsh.</def>

<blockquote>O, she is
Ten times more gentle than her father 's crabbed,
And he's composed of <b>harshness</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>'Tis not enough no <b>harshness</b> gives offense,
The sound must seem an echo to the sense.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Acrimony; roughness; sternness; asperity; tartness. See <er>Acrimony</er>.</syn>

<h1>Harslet</h1>
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<hw>Hars"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Haslet</er>.</def>

<h1>Hart</h1>
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<hw>Hart</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.<ets>hart</ets>, <ets>hert</ets>, <ets>heort</ets>, AS. <ets>heort</ets>, <ets>heorot</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hert</ets>, OHG. <ets>hiruz</ets>, <ets>hirz</ets>, <ets>G</ets>. <ets>hirsch</ets>, Icel. <ets>hj\'94rtr</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>hjort</ets>, L. <ets>cervus</ets>, and prob. to Gr.<?/ horned, <?/ horn. <?/<?/<?/<?/. See <er>Horn</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A stag; the male of the red deer. See the Note under <er>Buck</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Goodliest of all the forest, <b>hart</b> and hind.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hartbeest</h1>
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<hw>Hart"beest`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>hertebeest</ets>. See <er>Hart</er>, and <er>Beast</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large South African antelope (<spn>Alcelaphus caama</spn>), formerly much more abundant than it is now. The face and legs are marked with black, the rump with white.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hartebeest</asp>, and <asp>hartebest</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Harten</h1>
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<hw>Hart"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To hearten; to encourage; to incite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Hartford</h1>
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<hw>Hart"ford</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Hartford grape, a variety of grape first raised at <i>Hartford</i>, Connecticut, from the Northern fox grape. Its large dark-colored berries ripen earlier than those of most other kinds.</def>

<h1>Harts clover</h1>
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<hw>Hart"s` clo`ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Melilot or sweet clover. See <er>Melilot</er>.</def>

<h1>Hart's-ear</h1>
<Xpage=672>

<hw>Hart's`-ear`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An Asiatic species of <spn>Cacalia</spn> (<spn>C. Kleinia</spn>), used medicinally in India.</def>

<h1>Hartshorn</h1>
<Xpage=672>

<hw>Harts"horn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The horn or antler of the hart, or male red deer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Spirits of hartshorn (see below); volatile salts.</def>

<cs><col>Hartshorn plantain</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an annual species of plantain (<spn>Plantago Coronopus</spn>); -- called also <altname>duck's-horn</altname>.  <i>Booth</i>.</cd> -- <col>Hartshorn shavings</col>, <cd>originally taken from the horns of harts, are now obtained chiefly by planing down the bones of calves. They afford a kind of jelly.  <i>Hebert</i>.</cd> -- <col>Salt of hartshorn</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an impure solid carbonate of ammonia, obtained by the destructive distillation of hartshorn, or any kind of bone; volatile salts.</cd> <i>Brande & C.</i>-- <col>Spirits of hartshorn</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a solution of ammonia in water; -- so called because formerly obtained from hartshorn shavings by destructive distillation. Similar ammoniacal solutions from other sources have received the same name.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="673">
Page 673<p>

<h1>Hart-tongue</h1>
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<hw>Hart"-tongue`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A common British fern (<spn>Scolopendrium vulgare</spn>), rare in America.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A West Indian fern, the <spn>Polypodium Phyllitidis</spn> of Linn\'91us. It is also found in Florida.</def>

<h1>Hartwort</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Hart"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (<spn>Tordylium maximum</spn>).</def>

<note>&hand; The name is often vaguely given to other plants of the same order, as species of <spn>Seseli</spn> and <spn>Bupleurum</spn>.</note>

<h1>Harum-scarum</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Har"um-scar"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>hare</ets>,<tt>v. t.</tt>, and <ets>scare</ets>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Wild; giddy; flighty; rash; thoughtless.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>They had a quarrel with Sir Thomas Newcome's own son, a <b>harum-scarum</b> lad.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Haruspication</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Ha*rus`pi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Haruspicy</er>.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<h1>Haruspice</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Ha*rus"pice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>haruspex</ets>.]</ety> <def>A diviner of ancient Rome. Same as <er>Aruspice</er>.</def>

<h1>Haruspicy</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Ha*rus"pi*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or practices of haruspices. See <er>Aruspicy</er>.</def>

<h1>Harvest</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Har"vest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>harvest</ets>, <ets>hervest</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'91rfest</ets> autumn; akin to LG. <ets>harfst</ets>, D. <ets>herfst</ets>, OHG. <ets>herbist</ets>, G. <ets>herbst</ets>, and prob. to L. <ets>carpere</ets> to pluck, Gr. <?/ fruit. Cf. <er>Carpet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The gathering of a crop of any kind; the ingathering of the crops; also, the season of gathering grain and fruits, late summer or early autumn.</def>

<blockquote>Seedtime and <b>harvest</b> . . . shall not cease.
<i>Gen viii. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>At <b>harvest</b>, when corn is ripe.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is reaped or ready to be reaped or gath<?/<?/ed; a crop, as of grain (wheat, maize, etc.), or fruit.</def>

<blockquote>Put ye in the sickle, for the <b>harvest</b> is ripe.
<i>Joel iii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To glean the broken ears after the man
That the main <b>harvest</b> reaps.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The product or result of any exertion or labor; gain; reward.</def>

<blockquote>The pope's principal <b>harvest</b> was in the jubilee.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>harvest</b> of a quiet eye.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Harvest fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a marine fish of the Southern United States (<spn>Stromateus alepidotus</spn>); -- called <altname>whiting</altname> in Virginia. Also applied to the dollar fish.</cd> -- <col>Harvest fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Cicada</spn>, often called <altname>locust</altname>. See <er>Cicada</er>.</cd> -- <col>Harvest lord</col>, <cd>the head reaper at a harvest. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Tusser</i>.</cd> -- <col>Harvest mite</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a minute European mite (<spn>Leptus autumnalis</spn>), of a bright crimson color, which is troublesome by penetrating the skin of man and domestic animals; -- called also <altname>harvest louse</altname>, and <altname>harvest bug</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Harvest moon</col>, <cd>the moon near the full at the time of harvest in England, or about the autumnal equinox, when, by reason of the small angle that is made by the moon's orbit with the horizon, it rises nearly at the same hour for several days.</cd> -- <col>Harvest mouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small European field mouse (<spn>Mus minutus</spn>). It builds a globular nest on the stems of wheat and other plants.</cd> -- <col>Harvest queen</col>, <cd>an image pepresenting Ceres, formerly carried about on the last day of harvest. <i>Milton</i>.</cd> -- <col>Harvest spider</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daddy longlegs</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Harvest</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Har"vest</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Harvested</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Harvesting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To reap or gather, as any crop.</def>

<h1>Harvester</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Har"vest*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who harvests; a machine for cutting and gathering grain; a reaper.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A harvesting ant.</def>

<h1>Harvest-home</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Har"vest-home"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The gathering and bringing home of the harvest; the time of harvest.</def>

<blockquote>Showed like a stubble land at <b>harvest-home</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The song sung by reapers at the feast made at the close of the harvest; the feast itself.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A service of thanksgiving, at harvest time, in the Church of England and in the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The opportunity of gathering treasure.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Harvest-ing</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Har"vest-ing</hw>, <tt>a. & n.</tt><def>, from <er>Harvest</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Harvesting ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of ant which gathers and stores up seeds for food. Many species are known.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; The species found in Southern Europe and Palestine are <spn>Aphenogaster structor</spn> and <spn>A. barbara</spn>; that of Texas, called <stype>agricultural ant</stype>, is <spn>Pogonomyrmex barbatus</spn> or <spn>Myrmica molifaciens</spn>; that of Florida is <spn>P. crudelis</spn>. See <cref>Agricultural ant</cref>, under <er>Agricultural</er>.</note>

<h1>Harvestless</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Har"vest*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without harvest; lacking in crops; barren.</def> "<i>Harvestless</i> autumns."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Harvestman</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Har"vest*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Harvestmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>/def>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A man engaged in harvesting.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Daddy longlegs</er>, 1.</def>

<h1>Harvestry</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Har"vest*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of harvesting; also, that which is harvested.</def>

<i>Swinburne.</i>

<h1>Hary</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Har"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>harier</ets> to harass, or E. <ets>harry</ets>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To draw; to drag; to carry off by vio<?/ence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Has</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Has</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>3d pers. sing. pres.</tt> of <er>Have</er>.</def>

<h1>Hasard</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Has"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hazard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hase</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Hase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Haze</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Hash</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Hash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formerly <ets>hachey</ets>, <ets>hachee</ets>, F. <ets>hachis</ets>, <?/.  <ets>hacher</ets> to hash; of German origin; cf. G. <ets>hippe</ets> sickle, OHG. <ets>hippa</ets>, for <ets>happia</ets>. Cf. <er>Hatchet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is hashed or chopped up; meat and vegetables, especially such as have been already cooked, chopped into small pieces and mixed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A new mixture of old matter; a second preparation or exhibition.</def>

<blockquote>I can not bear elections, and still less the <b>hash</b> of them over again in a first session.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hash</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Hash</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hashed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Hash</er>, <tt>n.</tt>: cf. F. <ets>hacher</ets> to hash.]</ety> <def>To <?/hop into small pieces; to mince and mix; <as>as, to <ex>hash</ex> meat</as>.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Hasheesh, Hashish</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw><hw>Hash"eesh</hw>, <hw>Hash"ish</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>hash\'c6sh</ets>.]</ety> <def>A slightly acrid gum resin produced by the common hemp (<spn>Cannabis saltiva</spn>), of the variety <spn>Indica</spn>, when cultivated in a warm climate; also, the tops of the plant, from which the resinous product is obtained. It is narcotic, and has long been used in the East for its intoxicating effect. See <er>Bhang</er>, and <er>Ganja</er>.</def>

<h1>Hask</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Hask</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hassock</er>.]</ety> <def>A basket made of rushes or flags, as for carrying fish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Haslet</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Has"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>h\'83telettes</ets> broil, for <ets>hastelettes</ets>, fr. F. <ets>haste</ets> spit; cf. L. <ets>hasta</ets> spear, and also OHG. <ets>harst</ets> gridiron.]</ety> <def>The edible viscera, as the heart, liver, etc., of a beast, esp. of a hog.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>harslet</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hasp</h1>
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<hw>Hasp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hasp</ets>, <ets>hesp</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'91pse</ets>; akin to G. <ets>haspe</ets>, <ets>h\'84spe</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>haspe</ets>, Icel. <ets>hespa</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A clasp, especially a metal strap permanently fast at one end to a staple or pin, while the other passes over a staple, and is fastened by a padlock or a pin; also, a metallic hook for fastening a door.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A spindle to wind yarn, thread, or silk on.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An instrument for cutting the surface of grass land; a scarifier.</def>

<h1>Hasp</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Hasp</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hasped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hasping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>h\'91psian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To shut or fasten with a hasp.</def>

<h1>Hassock</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Has"sock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>hassock</ets>, <ets>hassik</ets>, a besom, anything bushy, a large, round turf used as a seat, OE. <ets>hassok</ets> sedgy ground, W. <ets>hesgog</ets> sedgy, <ets>hesg</ets> sedge, rushes; cf. Ir. <ets>seisg</ets>, and E. <ets>sedge</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rank tuft of bog grass; a tussock.</def>

<i>Forby.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small stuffed cushion or footstool, for kneeling on in church, or for home use.</def>

<blockquote>And knees and <b>hassocks</b> are well nigh divorced.

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Hast</h1>
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<hw>Hast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, 2<i>d pers</i>. <i>sing</i>. <i>pres</i>. of. <er>Fave</er>, contr. of <i>havest</i>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Hastate, Hastated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Has"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Has"ta*ted</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hastatus</ets>, fr. <ets>hasta</ets> spear. Cf. <er>Gad</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Shaped like the head of a halberd; triangular, with the basal angles or lobes spreading; <as>as, a <ex>hastate</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Haste</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Haste</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hast</ets>; akin to D. <ets>haast</ets>, G., Dan., Sw., & OFries. <ets>hast</ets>, cf. OF. <ets>haste</ets>, F. <ets>h\'83te</ets> (of German origin); all perh. fr. the root of E. <ets>hate</ets> in a earlier sense of, to pursue. See <er>Hate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Celerity of motion; speed; swiftness; dispatch; expedition; -- applied only to voluntary beings, as men and other animals.</def>

<blockquote>The king's business required <b>haste</b>.
<i>1 Sam. xxi. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being urged or pressed by business; hurry; urgency; sudden excitement of feeling or passion; precipitance; vehemence.</def>

<blockquote>I said in my <b>haste</b>, All men are liars.
<i>Ps. cxvi. 11.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To make haste</col>, <cd>to hasten.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Speed; quickness; nimbleness; swiftness; expedition; dispatch; hurry; precipitance; vehemence; precipitation.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Haste</er>, <er>Hurry</er>, <er>Speed</er>, <er>Dispatch</er>. <i>Haste</i> denotes quickness of action and a strong desire for getting on; <i>hurry</i> includes a confusion and want of collected thought not implied in <i>haste</i>; <i>speed</i> denotes the actual progress which is made; <i>dispatch</i>, the promptitude and rapidity with which things are done. A man may properly be in <i>haste</i>, but never in a <i>hurry</i>. <i>Speed</i> usually secures <i>dispatch</i>.</usage>

<h1>Haste</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Haste</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hasted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hasting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hasten</ets>; akin to G. <ets>hasten</ets>, D. <ets>haasten</ets>, Dan. <ets>haste</ets>, Sw. <ets>hasta</ets>, OF. <ets>haster</ets>, F. <ets>h\'83ter</ets>. See <er>Haste</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To hasten; to hurry.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>I 'll <b>haste</b> the writer.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They were troubled and <b>hasted</b> away.
<i>Ps. xlviii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hasten</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Has"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hastened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hastening</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To press; to drive or urge forward; to push on; to precipitate; to accelerate the movement of; to expedite; to hurry.</def>

<blockquote>I would <b>hasten</b> my escape from the windy storm.
<i>Ps. lv. 8.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hasten</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Has"ten</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To move celerity; to be rapid in motion; to act speedily or quickly; to go quickly.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>hastened</b> to the spot whence the noise came.
<i>D<?/ Foe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hastener</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Has"ten*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who hastens.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which hastens; especially, a stand or reflector used for confining the heat of the fire to meat while roasting before it.</def>

<h1>Hastif</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Has"tif</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. See <er>Hastive</er>.]</ety> <def>Hasty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Has"tif*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Hastile</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Has"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hasta</ets> a spear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hastate</er>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Hastily</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Has"ti*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Hasty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In haste; with speed or quickness; speedily; nimbly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without due reflection; precipitately; rashly.</def>

<blockquote>We <b>hastily</b> engaged in the war.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Passionately; impatiently.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hastiness</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Has"ti*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being hasty; haste; precipitation; rashness; quickness of temper.</def>

<h1>Hastings</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Has"tings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Haste</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>Early fruit or vegetables; especially, early pease.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Hastings sands</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Has"tings sands"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The lower group of the Wealden formation; -- so called from its development around <i>Hastings</i>, in Sussex, England.</def>

<h1>Hastive</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Has"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>hastif</ets>. See <er>Haste</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Hastif</er>.]</ety> <def>Forward; early; -- said of fruits.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hasty</h1>
<Xpage=673>

<hw>Has"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Hastier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Hastiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>haastig</ets>, G., Sw., & Dan. <ets>hastig</ets>. See <er>Haste</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Involving haste; done, made, etc., in haste; <as>as, a <ex>hasty</ex> sketch</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Demanding haste or immediate action.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>. "<i>Hasty</i> employment."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Moving or acting with haste or in a hurry; hurrying; hence, acting without deliberation; precipitate; rash; easily excited; eager.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Made or reached without deliberation or due caution; <as>as, a <ex>hasty</ex> conjecture, inference, conclusion, etc., a <ex>hasty</ex> resolution.</as></def>

<p><b>5.<p><b> <def>Proceeding from, or indicating, a quick temper.</def>

<blockquote>Take no unkindness of his <b>hasty</b> words.
<i>Shak</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Forward; early; first ripe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "As the <i>hasty</i> fruit before the summer."

<i>Is. xxviii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hasty pudding</h1>
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<hw>Has"ty pud"ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thick batter pudding made of Indian meal stirred into boiling water; mush.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A batter or pudding made of flour or oatmeal, stirred into boiling water or milk.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Hat</h1>
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<hw>Hat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hat</h1>
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<hw>Hat</hw>, <def><tt>sing. pres.</tt> of <er>Hote</er> to be called. Cf.</def> <er>Hatte</er>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "That one <i>hat</i> abstinence."

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Hat</h1>
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<hw>Hat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h\'91t</ets>, <ets>h\'91tt</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>hat</ets>, Sw. <ets>hatt</ets>, Icel. <ets>hattr</ets> a hat, <ets>h\'94ttr</ets> hood, D. <ets>hoed</ets> hat, G. <ets>hut</ets>, OHG. <ets>huot</ets>, and prob. to L. <ets>cassis</ets> helmet. <?/<?/<?/. Cf.<er>Hood</er>.]</ety> <def>A covering for the head; esp., one with a crown and brim, made of various materials, and worn by men or women for protecting the head from the sun or weather, or for ornament.</def>

<cs><col>Hat block</col>, <cd>a block on which hats are formed or dressed.</cd> -- <col>To pass around the hat</col>, <cd>to take up a collection of voluntary contributions, which are often received in a hat. <mark>[Collog.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Hatable</h1>
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<hw>Hat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Hate</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being, or deserving to be, hated; odious; detestable.</def>

<h1>Hatband</h1>
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<hw>Hat"band`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A band round the crown of a hat; sometimes, a band of black cloth, crape, etc., worn as a badge of mourning.</def>

<h1>Hatbox</h1>
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<hw>Hat"box`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A box for a hat.</def>

<h1>Hatch</h1>
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<hw>Hatch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hatched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hatching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>hacher</ets> to chop, hack. See <er>Hash</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cross with lines in a peculiar manne<?/ in drawing and engraving. See <er>Hatching</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Shall win this sword, silvered and <b>hatched</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those <b>hatching</b> strokes of the pencil.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cross; to spot; to stain; to steep.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His weapon <b>hatched</b> in blood.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hatch</h1>
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<hw>Hatch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hacchen</ets>, <ets>hetchen</ets>; akin to G. <ets>hecken</ets>, Dan. <ets>hekke</ets>; cf. MHG. <ets>hagen</ets> bull; perh. akin to E. <ets>hatch</ets> a half door, and orig. meaning, to produce under a hatch. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To produce, as young, from an egg or eggs by incubation, or by artificial heat; to produce young from (eggs); <as>as, the young when <ex>hatched</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Paley.</i>

<blockquote>As the partridge sitteth on eggs, and <b>hatcheth</b> them not.
<i>Jer. xvii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For the hens do not sit upon the eggs; but by keeping them in a certain equal heat they [the husbandmen] bring life into them and <b>hatch</b> them.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To contrive or plot; to form by meditation, and bring into being; to originate and produce; to concoct; <as>as, to <ex>hatch</ex> mischief; to <ex>hatch</ex> heresy.</as></def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<blockquote>Fancies <b>hatched</b>
In silken-folded idleness.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hatch</h1>
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<hw>Hatch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To produce young; -- said of eggs; to come forth from the egg; -- said of the young of birds, fishes, insects, etc.</def>

<h1>Hatch</h1>
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<hw>Hatch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of hatching.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Development; disclosure; discovery.</def>

<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The chickens produced at once or by one incubation; a brood.</def>

<h1>Hatch</h1>
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<hw>Hatch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hacche</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'91c</ets>, cf. <ets>haca</ets> the bar of a door, D. <ets>hek</ets> gate, Sw. <ets>h\'84ck</ets> coop, rack, Dan. <ets>hekke</ets> manger, rack. Prob. akin to E. <ets>hook</ets>, and first used of something made of pieces fastened together. Cf. <er>Heck</er>, <er>Hack</er> a frame.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A door with an opening over it; a half door, sometimes set with spikes on the upper edge.</def>

<blockquote>In at the window, or else o'er the <b>hatch</b>.

<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A frame or weir in a river, for catching fish.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A flood gate; a a sluice gate.</def>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A bedstead.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An opening in the deck of a vessel or floor of a warehouse which serves as a passageway or hoistway; a hatchway; also; a cover or door, or one of the covers used in closing such an opening.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>An opening into, or in search of, a mine.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Booby hatch</col>, <col>Buttery hatch</col>, <col>Companion hatch</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Booby</er>, <er>Buttery</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>To batten down the hatches</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to lay tarpaulins over them, and secure them with battens.</cd> -- <col>To be under hatches</col>, <cd>to be confined below in a vessel; to be under arrest, or in slavery, distress, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hatch</h1>
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<hw>Hatch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To close with a hatch or hatches.</def>

<blockquote>'T were not amiss to keep our door <b>hatched</b>.
<i>Shak</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hatch-boat</h1>
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<hw>Hatch"-boat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel whose deck consists almost wholly of movable hatches; -- used mostly in the fisheries.</def>

<h1>Hatchel</h1>
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<hw>Hatch"el</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hechele</ets>, <ets>hekele</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hekel</ets>, G. <ets>hechel</ets>, Dan. <ets>hegle</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'84kla</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>hook</ets>. See <er>Hook</er>, and cf. <er>Hackle</er>, <er>Heckle</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument with long iron teeth set in a board, for cleansing flax or hemp from the tow, hards, or coarse part; a kind of large comb; -- called also <altname>hackle</altname> and <altname>heckle</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hatchel</h1>
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<hw>Hatch"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hatcheled</er> or <er>Hatchelled</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hatcheling</er> or <er>Hatchelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hechelen</ets>, <ets>hekelen</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hekelen</ets>, G. <ets>hecheln</ets>, Dan. <ets>hegle</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'84kla</ets>. See <er>Hatchel</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw through the teeth of a hatchel, as flax or hemp, so as to separate the coarse and refuse parts from the fine, fibrous parts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To tease; to worry; to torment.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Hatcheler</h1>
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<hw>Hatch"el*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who uses a hatchel.</def>

<h1>Hatcher</h1>
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<hw>Hatch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who hatches, or that which hatches; a hatching apparatus; an incubator.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who contrives or originates; a plotter.</def>

<blockquote>A great <b>hatcher</b> and breeder of business.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hatchery</h1>
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<hw>Hatch"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house for hatching fish, etc.</def>

<h1>Hatchet</h1>
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<hw>Hatch"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hachette</ets>, dim. of <ets>hache</ets> <?/. See 1st <er>Hatch</er>, <er>Hash</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small ax with a short handle, to be used with one hand.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, a tomahawk.</def>

<blockquote>Buried was the bloody <b>hatchet</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="674">
Page 674<p>

<cs><col>Hatchet face</col>, <cd>a thin, sharp face, like the edge of a hatchet</cd>; hence: <col>Hatchet-faced</col>, <cd>sharp-visaged.  <i>Dryden</i>.</cd> -- <col>To bury the hatchet</col>, <cd>to make peace or become reconciled.</cd> -- <col>To take up the hatchet</col>, <cd>to make or declare war. The last two phrases are derived from the practice of the American Indians.</cd></cs>

<-- <h1>Hatchet man</h1>
<Xpage=674>

<hw>Hatchet man</hw> 1. A person hired to murder or physically attack another; a hit man. 2. A person who deliberately tries to ruin the reputation of another, often unscrupulously, by slander or other malicious communication, often with political motive, and sometimes for pay. -->

<h1>Hatchettine, Hatchettite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hatch"et*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hatch"et*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after the discoverer, Charles <ets>Hatchett</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Mineral t<?/ low; a waxy or spermaceti-like substance, commonly of a greenish yellow color.</def>

<h1>Hatching</h1>
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<hw>Hatch"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Hatch</er>.]</ety> <def>A mode of execution in engraving, drawing, and miniature painting, in which shading is produced by lines crossing each other at angles more or less acute; -- called also <altname>crosshatching</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hatchment</h1>
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<hw>Hatch"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupt. fr. <ets>achievement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A sort of panel, upon which the arms of a deceased person are temporarily displayed, -- usually on the walls of his dwelling. It is lozenge-shaped or square, but is hung cornerwise. It is used in England as a means of giving public notification of the death of the deceased, his or her rank, whether married, widower, widow, etc. Called also <altname>achievement</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>His obscure funeral;
No trophy, sword, or <b>hatchment</b> o'er his bones.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sword or other mark of the profession of arms; in general, a mark of dignity.</def>

<blockquote>Let there be deducted, out of our main potation,
Five marks in <b>hatchments</b> to adorn this thigh.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hatchure</h1>
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<hw>Hatch"ure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hachure</er>.</def>

<h1>Hatchway</h1>
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<hw>Hatch"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A square or oblong opening in a deck or floor, affording passage from one deck or story to another; the entrance to a cellar.</def>

<h1>Hate</h1>
<Xpage=674>

<hw>Hate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>haten</ets>, <ets>hatien</ets>, AS. hatian; akin to OS. <ets>hatan</ets>, <ets>hat<?/n</ets> to be hostile to, D. <ets>haten</ets> to hate, OHG. <ets>hazz<?/n</ets>, <ets>hazz<?/n</ets>, G. <ets>hassen</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>hata</ets>, Dan. <ets>hade</ets>, Goth. <ets>hatan</ets>, <ets>hatian</ets>. <ets><?/<?/<?/</ets>. Cf. <er>Hate</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Heinous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To have a great aversion to, with a strong desire that evil should befall the person toward whom the feeling is directed; to dislike intensely; to detest; <as>as, to <ex>hate</ex> one's enemies; to <ex>hate</ex> hypocrisy.</as></def>

<blockquote>Whosoever <b>hateth</b> his brother is a murderer.
<i>1 John iii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be very unwilling; followed by an infinitive, or a substantive clause with <i>that</i>; <as>as, to <ex>hate</ex> to get into debt; to <ex>hate</ex> that anything should be wasted.</as></def>

<blockquote>I <b>hate</b> that he should linger here.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>To love less, relatively.</def>

<i>Luke xiv. 26.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Hate</er>, <er>Abhor</er>, <er>Detest</er>, <er>Abominate</er>, <er>Loathe</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Hate</i> is the generic word, and implies that one is inflamed with extreme dislike. We <i>abhor</i> what is deeply repugnant to our sensibilities or feelings. We <i>detest</i> what contradicts so utterly our principles and moral sentiments that we feel bound to lift up our voice against it. What we <i>abominate</i> does equal violence to our moral and religious sentiments. What we <i>loathe</i> is offensive to our own nature, and excites unmingled disgust. Our Savior is said to have <i>hated</i> the deeds of the Nicolaitanes; his language shows that he <i>loathed</i> the lukewarmness of the Laodiceans; he <i>detested</i> the hypocrisy of the scribes and Pharisees; he <i>abhorred</i> the suggestions of the tempter in the wilderness.</usage>

<h1>Hate</h1>
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<hw>Hate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hate</ets>, <ets>hete</ets>, AS. <ets>hete</ets>; akin to D. <ets>haat</ets>, G. <ets>hass</ets>, Icel. <ets>hatr</ets>, SW. <ets>hat</ets>, Dan. <ets>had</ets>, Goth. <ets>hatis</ets>. Cf. <er>Hate</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>Strong aversion coupled with desire that evil should befall the person toward whom the feeling is directed; as exercised toward things, intense dislike; hatred; detestation; -- opposed to <i>love</i>.</def>

<blockquote>For in a wink the false love turns to <b>hate</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hateful</h1>
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<hw>Hate"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Manifesting hate or hatred; malignant; malevolent.</def> <mark>[Archaic or R.]</mark>

<blockquote>And worse than death, to view with <b>hateful</b> eyes
His rival's conquest.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exciting or deserving great dislike, aversion, or disgust; odious.</def>

<blockquote>Unhappy, wretched, <b>hateful</b> day!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Odious; detestable; abominable; execrable; loathsome; abhorrent; repugnant; malevolent.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Hate"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Hate"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hatel</h1>
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<hw>Hat"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hateful; detestable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hater</h1>
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<hw>Hat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hates.</def>

<blockquote>An enemy to God, and a <b>hater</b> of all good.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hath</h1>
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<hw>Hath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>3d pers. sing. pres.</tt> <mord>of <er>Have</er>, contracted from <i>haveth</i></mord>. <def>Has.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>

<h1>Hatless</h1>
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<hw>Hat"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no hat.</def>

<h1>Hatrack</h1>
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<hw>Hat"rack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hatstand; hattree.</def>

<h1>Hatred</h1>
<Xpage=674>

<hw>Ha"tred</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hatred</ets>, <ets>hatreden</ets>. See <er>Hate</er>, and cf. <er>Kindred</er>.]</ety> <def>Strong aversion; intense dislike; hate; an affection of the mind awakened by something regarded as evil.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Odium; ill will; enmity; hate; animosity; malevolence; rancor; malignity; detestation; loathing; abhorrence; repugnance; antipathy. See <er>Odium</er>.</syn>

<h1>Hatstand</h1>
<Xpage=674>

<hw>Hat"stand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stand of wood or iron, with hooks or pegs upon which to hang hats, etc.</def>

<h1>Hatte</h1>
<Xpage=674>

<hw>Hat`te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>pres. & imp. sing. & pl.</tt> of <er>Hote</er>, to be called. See <er>Hote</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>A full perilous place, purgatory it <b>hatte</b>.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hatted</h1>
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<hw>Hat"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with a hat.</def>

<h1>Hatter</h1>
<Xpage=674>

<hw>Hat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E., to entangle; cf. LG. ver<ets>haddern</ets>, ver<ets>heddern</ets>, ver<ets>hiddern</ets>.]</ety> <def>To tire or worry; -- <i>out</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Hatter</h1>
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<hw>Hat"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes or sells hats.</def>

<h1>Hatteria</h1>
<Xpage=674>

<hw>Hat*te"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A New Zealand lizard, which, in anatomical character, differs widely from all other existing lizards. It is the only living representative of the order Rhynchocephala, of which many Mesozoic fossil species are known; -- called also <altname>Sphenodon</altname>, and <altname>Tuatera</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hatting</h1>
<Xpage=674>

<hw>Hat"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The business of making hats; also, stuff for hats.</def>

<h1>Hatti-sherif</h1>
<Xpage=674>

<hw>Hat"ti-sher`if</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk., fr. Ar. <ets>knatt</ets> a writing + <ets>sher\'c6f</ets> noble.]</ety> <def>A irrevocable Turkish decree countersigned by the sultan.</def>

<h1>Hattree</h1>
<Xpage=674>

<hw>Hat"tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hatstand.</def>

<h1>Haubergeon</h1>
<Xpage=674>

<hw>Hau*ber"ge*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Habergeon</er>.</def>

<h1>Hauberk</h1>
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<hw>Hau"berk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>hauberc</ets>, <ets>halberc</ets>, F.<ets>haubert</ets>, OHG. <ets>halsberc</ets>; <ets>hals</ets> neck + <ets>bergan</ets> to protect, G. <ets>bergen</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>healsbeorg</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'belsbj\'94rg</ets>. See <er>Collar</er>, and <er>Bury</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A coat of mail; especially, the long coat of mail of the European Middle Ages, as contrasted with the habergeon, which is shorter and sometimes sleeveless. By old writers it is often used synonymously with <i>habergeon</i>. See <er>Habergeon</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written variously <asp>hauberg</asp>, <asp>hauberque</asp>, <asp>hawberk</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Helm, nor <b>hawberk's</b> twisted mail.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hauerite</h1>
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<hw>Hau"er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after Von <ets>Hauer</ets>, of Vienna.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native sulphide of manganese a reddish brown or brownish black mineral.</def>

<h1>Haugh</h1>
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<hw>Haugh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Haw</er> a hedge.]</ety> <def>A low-lying meadow by the side of a river.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>On a <b>haugh</b> or level plain, near to a royal borough.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Haught</h1>
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<hw>Haught</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Haughty</er>.]</ety> <def>High; elevated; hence, haughty; proud.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Haughtily</h1>
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<hw>Haugh"ti*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Haughty</er>.]</ety> <def>In a haughty manner; arrogantly.</def>

<h1>Haughtiness</h1>
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<hw>Haugh"ti*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>hauteinness</ets>. See <er>Haughty</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being haughty; disdain; arrogance.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Arrogance; disdain; contemptuousness; superciliousness; loftiness.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Haughtiness</er>, <er>Arrogance</er>, <er>Disdain</er>. <i>Haughtiness</i> denotes the expression of conscious and proud superiority; <i>arrogance</i> is a disposition to claim for one's self more than is justly due, and enforce it to the utmost; <i>disdain</i> in the exact reverse of condescension toward inferiors, since it expresses and desires others to feel how far below ourselves we consider them. A person is <i>haughty</i> in disposition and demeanor; <i>arrogant</i> in his claims of homage and deference; <i>disdainful</i> even in accepting the deference which his <i>haughtiness</i> leads him <i>arrogantly</i> to exact.</usage>

<h1>Haughty</h1>
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<hw>Haugh"ty</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Haughtier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Haughtiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hautein</ets>, F. <ets>hautain</ets>, fr. <ets>haut</ets> high, OF. also <ets>halt</ets>, fr. L. <ets>altus</ets>. See <er>Altitude</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>High; lofty; bold.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>To measure the most <b>haughty</b> mountain's height.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Equal unto this <b>haughty</b> enterprise.
<i>Spenser</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disdainfully or contemptuously proud; arrogant; overbearing.</def>

<blockquote>A woman of a <b>haughty</b> and imperious nature.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Indicating haughtiness; <as>as, a <ex>haughty</ex> carriage</as></def>.

<blockquote>Satan, with vast and <b>haughty</b> strides advanced,
Came towering.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Haul</h1>
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<hw>Haul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hauled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hauling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>halen</ets>, <ets>halien</ets>, F. <?/aler, of German or Scand. origin; akin to AS. <ets>geholian</ets> to acquire, get, D. <ets>halen</ets> to fetch, pull, draw, OHG. <ets>hol<?/n</ets>, <ets>hal<?/n</ets>, G. <ets>holen</ets>, Dan. <ets>hale</ets> to haul, Sw. <ets>hala</ets>, and to L. <ets>calare</ets> to call, summon, Gr. <?/ to call. Cf. <er>Hale</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Claim</er>. <er>Class</er>, <er>Council</er>, <er>Ecclesiastic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pull or draw with force; to drag.</def>

<blockquote>Some dance, some <b>haul</b> the rope.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thither they bent, and <b>hauled</b> their ships to land.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Romp-loving miss
Is <b>hauled</b> about in gallantry robust.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To transport by drawing, as with horses or oxen; <as>as, to <ex>haul</ex> logs to a sawmill</as>.</def>

<blockquote>When I was seven or eight years of age, I began <b>hauling</b> all the wood used in the house and shops.
<i>U. S. Grant.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To haul over the coals</col>. <cd>See under <er>Coal</er>.</cd> -- <col>To haul the wind</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to turn the head of the ship nearer to the point from which the wind blows.</cd></cs>

<h1>Haul</h1>
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<hw>Haul</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To change the direction of a ship by hauling the wind. See under <er>Haul</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<blockquote>I . . . <b>hauled</b> up for it, and found it to be an island.
<i>Cook.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pull apart, as oxen sometimes do when yoked.</def>

<cs><col>To haul around</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to shift to any point of the compass; -- said of the wind.</cd> -- <col>To haul off</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to sail closer to the wind, in order to get farther away from anything; hence, to withdraw; to draw back.</cd></cs><-- haul off (b), to get ready (usu. for violent action) -- used with "and" -- "hauled off and punched him on the nose" -->

<h1>Haul</h1>
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<hw>Haul</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pulling with force; a violent pull.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A single draught of a net; <as>as, to catch a hundred fish at a <ex>haul</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is caught, taken, or gained at once, as by hauling a net.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Transportation by hauling; the distance through which anything is hauled, as freight in a railroad car; <as>as, a long <ex>haul</ex> or short <ex>haul</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Rope Making)</fld> <def>A bundle of about four hundred threads, to be tarred.</def>

<h1>Haulage</h1>
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<hw>Haul"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of hauling; <as>as, the <ex>haulage</ex> of cars by an engine</as>; charge for hauling.</def>

<h1>Hauler</h1>
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<hw>Haul"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hauls.</def>

<h1>Haulm</h1>
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<hw>Haulm</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>halm</ets>, AS. <ets>healm</ets>; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. <ets>halm</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'belmr</ets>, L. <ets>calamus</ets> reed, cane, stalk, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Excel</er>, <er>Culminate</er>, <er>Culm</er>, <er>Shawm</er>, <er>Calamus</er>.]</ety> <def>The denuded stems or stalks of such crops as buckwheat and the cereal grains, beans, etc.; straw.</def>

<h1>Haulm</h1>
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<hw>Haulm</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A part of a harness; a hame.</def>

<h1>Hauls</h1>
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<hw>Hauls</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Hals</er>.</def>

<h1>Haulse</h1>
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<hw>Haulse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Halse</er>.</def>

<h1>Hault</h1>
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<hw>Hault</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>hault</ets>, F. <ets>haut</ets>. See <er>Haughty</er>.]</ety> <def>Lofty; haughty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Through support of countenance proud and <b>hault</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Haum</h1>
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<hw>Haum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Haulm</er>, stalk.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Haunce</h1>
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<hw>Haunce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To enhance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Lydgate.</i>

<h1>Haunch</h1>
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<hw>Haunch</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hanche</ets>, of German origin; cf. OD. <ets>hancke</ets>, <ets>hencke</ets>, and also OHG. <ets>ancha</ets>; prob. not akin to E. <ets>ankle</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The hip; the projecting region of the lateral parts of the pelvis and the hip joint; the hind part.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of meats: The leg and loin taken together; <as>as, a <ex>haunch</ex> of venison</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Haunch bone</col>. <cd>See <cref>Innominate bone</cref>, under <er>Innominate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Haunches of an arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the parts on each side of the crown of an arch. (See <er>Crown</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 11.) Each <i>haunch<i> may be considered as from one half to two thirds of the half arch.</cd></cs>

<h1>Haunched</h1>
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<hw>Haunched</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having haunches.</def>

<h1>Haunt</h1>
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<hw>Haunt</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Haunted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Haunting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>hanter</ets>; of uncertain origin, perh. from an assumed LL. <ets>ambitare</ets> to go about, fr. L. <ets>ambire</ets> (see <er>Ambition</er>); or cf. Icel. <ets>heimta</ets> to demand, regain, akin to <ets>heim</ets> home (see <er>Home</er>). &root;36.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To frequent; to resort to frequently; to visit pertinaciously or intrusively; to intrude upon.</def>

<blockquote>You wrong me, sir, thus still to <b>haunt</b> my house.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those cares that <b>haunt</b> the court and town.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inhabit or frequent as a specter; to visit as a ghost or apparition.</def>

<blockquote>Foul spirits <b>haunt</b> my resting place.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To practice; to devote one's self to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That other merchandise that men <b>haunt</b> with fraud . . . is cursed.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Leave honest pleasure, and <b>haunt</b> no good pastime.
<i>Ascham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To accustom; to habituate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Haunt</b> thyself to pity.
<i>Wyclif.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Haunt</h1>
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<hw>Haunt</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To persist in staying or visiting.</def>

<blockquote>I've charged thee not to <b>haunt</b> about my doors.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Haunt</h1>
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<hw>Haunt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place to which one frequently resorts; <as>as, drinking saloons are the <ex>haunts</ex> of tipplers; a den is the <ex>haunt</ex> of wild beasts.</as></def>

<note>&hand; In Old English the place occupied by any one as a dwelling or in his business was called a <i>haunt</i>.</note>

<note>   Often used figuratively.

<blockquote>The household nook,
The <b>haunt</b> of all affections pure.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The feeble soul, a <b>haunt</b> of fears.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>
</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The habit of resorting to a place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>haunt</b> you have got about the courts.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Practice; skill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Of clothmaking she hadde such an <b>haunt</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Haunted</h1>
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<hw>Haunt"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inhabited by, or subject to the visits of, apparitions; frequented by a ghost.</def>

<blockquote>All houses wherein men have lived and died
Are <b>haunted</b> houses.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Haunter</h1>
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<hw>Haunt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, haunts.</def>

<h1>Haurient</h1>
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<hw>Hau"ri*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hauriens</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>haurire</ets> to breathe.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>In pale, with the head in chief; -- said of the figure of a fish, as if rising for air.</def>

<h1>Hausen</h1>
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<hw>Hau"sen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large sturgeon (<spn>Acipenser huso</spn>) from the region of the Black Sea. It is sometimes twelve feet long.</def><-- syn = Huso huso, and also called Beluga.  Provides the highest quality caviar -->

<h1>Hausse</h1>
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<hw>Hausse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A kind of graduated breech sight for a small arm, or a cannon.</def>

<h1>Haustellata</h1>
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<hw>Haus`tel*la"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>haustellum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>haurire</ets>, <ets>haustum</ets>, to draw water, to swallow. See <er>Exhaust</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An artificial division of insects, including all those with a sucking proboscis.</def>

<h1>Haustellate</h1>
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<hw>Haus"tel*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Haustellata</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Provided with a haustellum, or sucking proboscis.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Haustellata.</def></def2>

<h1>Haustellum</h1>
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<hw>Haus*tel"lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Haustella</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sucking proboscis of various insects. See <er>Lepidoptera</er>, and <er>Diptera</er>.</def>

<h1>Haustorium</h1>
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<hw>Haus*to"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Haustoria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL., a well, fr. L. <ets>haurire</ets>, <ets>haustum</ets>, to drink.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the suckerlike rootlets of such plants as the dodder and ivy.</def>

<i>R. Brown.</i>

<h1>Haut</h1>
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<hw>Haut</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Haughty</er>.]</ety> <def>Haughty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Nations proud and <i>haut</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Hautboy</h1>
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<hw>Haut"boy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hautbois</ets>, lit., high wood; <ets>haut</ets> high + <ets>bois</ets> wood. So called on account of its high tone. See <er>Haughty</er>, <er>Bush</er>; and cf. <er>Oboe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A wind instrument, sounded through a reed, and similar in shape to the clarinet, but with a thinner tone. Now more commonly called <altname>oboe</altname>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Oboe</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A sort of strawberry (<spn>Fragaria elatior</spn>).</def>

<h1>Hautboyist</h1>
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<hw>Haut"boy*ist</hw> <tt>(-&icr;st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hautbo\'8bste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A player on the hautboy.</def>

<h1>Hautein</h1>
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<hw>Hau"tein</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Haughty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Haughty; proud.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>High; -- said of the voice or flight of birds.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hauteur</h1>
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<hw>Hau`teur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>haut</ets> high. See <er>Haughty</er>.]</ety> <def>Haughty manner or spirit; haughtiness; pride; arrogance.</def>

<h1>Hautgo\'96t</h1>
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<hw>Haut`go\'96t"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>High relish or flavor; high seasoning.</def>

<h1>Hautpas</h1>
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<hw>Haut`pas"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>haut</ets> high + <ets>pas</ets> step.]</ety> <def>A raised part of the floor of a large room; a platform for a raised table or throne. See <er>Dais</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="675">
Page 675<p>

<h1>Ha\'81ynite</h1>
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<hw>Ha"\'81y*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the French mineralogist <ets>Ha\'81y</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A blue isometric mineral, characteristic of some volcani<?/ rocks. It is a silicate of alumina, lime, and soda, with sulphate of lime.</def>

<h1>Havana</h1>
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<hw>Ha*van"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Havana, the capital of the island of Cuba; <as>as, an <ex>Havana</ex> cigar</as></def>; -- <altsp>formerly sometimes written <asp>Havannah</asp>.</altsp> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An Havana cigar.</def></def2>

<blockquote>Young Frank Clavering stole his father's <b>Havannahs</b>, and . . . smoked them in the stable.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Havanese</h1>
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<hw>Hav`an*ese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Havana, in Cuba.</def> -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant, or the people, of Havana.</def></def2>

<h1>Have</h1>
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<hw>Have</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Had</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Having</er>. <tt>Indic. present</tt>, I <er>have</er>, thou <er>hast</er>, he <er>has</er>; we, ye, they <er>have</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>haven</ets>, <ets>habben</ets>, AS. <ets>habben</ets> (imperf. <ets>h\'91fde</ets>, p. p. <ets>geh\'91fd</ets>); akin to OS. <ets>hebbian</ets>, D. <ets>hebben</ets>, OFries, <ets>hebba</ets>, OHG. <ets>hab<?/n</ets>, G. <ets>haben</ets>, Icel. <ets>hafa</ets>, Sw. <ets>hafva</ets>, Dan. <ets>have</ets>, Goth. <ets>haban</ets>, and prob. to L. <ets>habere</ets>, whence F. <ets>avoir</ets>. Cf. <er>Able</er>, <er>Avoirdupois</er>, <er>Binnacle</er>, <er>Habit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hold in possession or control; to own; <as>as, he <ex>has</ex> a farm</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To possess, as something which appertains to, is connected with, or affects, one.</def>

<blockquote>The earth <b>hath</b> bubbles, as the water <b>has</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>had</b> a fever late.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To accept possession of; to take or accept.</def>

<blockquote>Break thy mind to me in broken English; wilt thou <b>have</b> me?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To get possession of; to obtain; to get.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To cause or procure to be; to effect; to exact; to desire; to require.</def>

<blockquote>It <b>had</b> the church accurately described to me.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wouldst thou <b>have</b> me turn traitor also?
<i>Ld. Lytton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To bear, as young; <as>as, she has just <ex>had</ex> a child</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To hold, regard, or esteem.</def>

<blockquote>Of them shall I be <b>had</b> in honor.
<i>2 Sam. vi. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To cause or force to go; to take. "The stars <i>have</i> us to bed." <i>Herbert</i>. "<i>Have</i> out all men from me." <i>2 Sam</i>. <i>xiii</i>. <i>9</i>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To take or hold (one's self); to proceed promptly; -- used reflexively, often with ellipsis of the pronoun; <as>as, to <ex>have</ex> after one; to <ex>have</ex> at one or at a thing, <it>i. e.</it>, to aim at one or at a thing; to attack; to <ex>have</ex> with a companion.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To be under necessity or obligation; to be compelled; followed by an infinitive.</def>

<blockquote>Science <b>has</b>, and will long <b>have</b>, to be a divider and a separatist.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The laws of philology <b>have</b> to be established by external comparison and induction.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>To understand.</def>

<blockquote>You <b>have</b> me, have you not?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>To put in an awkward position; to have the advantage of; <as>as, that is where he <ex>had</ex> him</as>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<note>&hand; <i>Have</i>, as an auxiliary verb, is used with the past participle to form preterit tenses; as, I <i>have</i> loved; I shall <i>have</i> eaten. Originally it was used only with the participle of transitive verbs, and denoted the possession of the object in the state indicated by the participle; as, <i>I have conquered him</i>, I have or hold him in a conquered state; but it has long since lost this independent significance, and is used with the participles both of transitive and intransitive verbs as a device for expressing past time. <i>Had</i> is used, especially in poetry, for <i>would have</i> or <i>should have</i>.</note>

<blockquote>Myself for such a face <b>had</b> boldly died.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To have a care</col>, <cd>to take care; to be on one's guard.</cd> -- <col>To have <plain>(a man)</plain> out</col></mcol>, <cd>to engage (one) in a duel.</cd> -- <col>To have done</col> (with). <cd>See under Do, <tt>v. i.</tt></cd> -- <col>To have it out</col>, <cd>to speak freely; to bring an affair to a conclusion.</cd> -- <col>To have on</col>, <cd>to wear.</cd> -- <col>To have to do with</col>. <cd>See under Do, <tt>v. t.</tt></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To possess; to own. See <er>Possess</er>.</syn>

<h1>Haveless</h1>
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<hw>Have"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having little or nothing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Havelock</h1>
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<hw>Hav"e*lock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Havelock</ets>, an English general distinguished in India in the rebellion of 1857.]</ety> <def>A light cloth covering for the head and neck, used by soldiers as a protection from sunstroke.</def>

<h1>Haven</h1>
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<hw>Ha"ven</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h\'91fene</ets>; akin to D. & LG. <ets>haven</ets>, G. <ets>hafen</ets>, MNG. <ets>habe</ets>, Dan. <ets>havn</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'94fn</ets>, Sw. <ets>hamn</ets>; <ets>akin to E</ets>. <ets>have</ets>, and hence orig., a holder; or to <ets>heave</ets> (see <er>Heave</er>); or akin to AS. <ets>h\'91f</ets> sea, Icel. & Sw. <ets>haf</ets>, Dan. <ets>hav</ets>, which is perh. akin to E. <ets>heave</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bay, recess, or inlet of the sea, or the mouth of a river, which affords anchorage and shelter for shipping; a harbor; a port.</def>

<blockquote>What shipping and what lading's in our <b>haven</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their <b>haven</b> under the hill.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place of safety; a shelter; an asylum.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>haven</b>, or the rock of love.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Haven</h1>
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<hw>Ha"ven</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shelter, as in a haven.</def>

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Havenage</h1>
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<hw>Ha"ven*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Harbor dues; port dues.</def>

<h1>Havened</h1>
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<hw>Ha"vened</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Sheltered in a haven.</def>

<blockquote>Blissful <b>havened</b> both from joy and pain.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Havener</h1>
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<hw>Ha"ven*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A harbor master.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Haver</h1>
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<hw>Ha"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A possessor; a holder.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Haver</h1>
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<hw>Hav"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>haver</ets>; akin to G. <ets>haber</ets>.]</ety> <def>The oat; oats.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<cs><col>Haver bread</col>, <cd>oaten bread.</cd> -- <col>Haver cake</col>, <cd>oaten cake. <i>Piers Plowman<i>.</cd> -- <col>Haver grass</col>, <cd>the wild oat.</cd> -- <col>Haver meal</col>, <cd>oatmeal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Haver</h1>
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<hw>Ha"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>To maunder; to talk foolishly; to chatter.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Haversack</h1>
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<hw>Hav"er*sack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>havresac</ets>, G. <ets>habersack</ets>, sack for oats. See 2d <er>Haver</er>, and <er>Sack</er> a bag.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A bag for oats or oatmeal.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bag or case, usually of stout cloth, in which a soldier carries his rations when on a march; -- distinguished from <i>knapsack</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A gunner's case or bag used carry cartridges from the ammunition chest to the piece in loading.</def>

<h1>Haversian</h1>
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<hw>Ha*ver"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or discovered by, Clopton <i>Havers</i>, an English physician of the seventeenth century.</def>

<cs><col>Haversian canals</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the small canals through which the blood vessels ramify in bone.</cd></cs>

<h1>Havildar</h1>
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<hw>Hav`il*dar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>In the British Indian armies, a noncommissioned officer of native soldiers, corresponding to a sergeant.</def>

<cs><col>Havildar major</col>, <cd>a native sergeant major in the East Indian army.</cd></cs>

<h1>Having</h1>
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<hw>Hav"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Possession; goods; estate.</def>

<blockquote>I 'll lend you something; my <b>having</b> is not much.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Havior</h1>
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<hw>Hav"ior</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>havour</ets>, a corruption of OF. <ets>aveir</ets>, <ets>avoir</ets>, a having, of same origin as E. <ets>aver</ets> a work horse. The <ets>h</ets> is due to confusion with E. <ets>have</ets>.]</ety> <def>Behavior; demeanor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Havoc</h1>
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<hw>Hav"oc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>hafog</ets> devastation, havoc; or, if this be itself fr. E. <ets>havoc</ets>, cf. OE. <ets>havot</ets>, or AS. <ets>hafoc</ets> hawk, which is a cruel or rapacious bird, or F. <ets>hai</ets>, <ets>voux</ets>! a cry to hounds.]</ety> <def>Wide and general destruction; devastation; waste.</def>

<blockquote>As for Saul, he made <b>havoc</b> of the church.
<i>Acts viii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ye gods, what <b>havoc</b> does ambition make
Among your works!
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Havoc</h1>
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<hw>Hav"oc</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To devastate; to destroy; to lay waste.</def>

<blockquote>To waste and <b>havoc</b> yonder world.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Havoc</h1>
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<hw>Hav"oc</hw>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Havoc</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A cry in war as the signal for indiscriminate slaughter.</def>

<i>Toone.</i>

<blockquote>Do not cry <b>havoc</b>, where you should but hunt
With modest warrant.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cry '<b>havoc</b>,' and let slip the dogs of war!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Haw</h1>
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<hw>Haw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hawe</ets>, AS. <ets>haga</ets>; akin to D. <ets>haag</ets> headge, G. <ets>hag</ets>, <ets>hecke</ets>, Icel. <ets>hagi</ets> pasture, Sw. <ets>hage</ets>, Dan. <ets>have</ets> garden. <?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Haggard</er>, <er>Ha-ha</er>, <er>Haugh</er>, <er>Hedge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A hedge; an inclosed garden or yard.</def>

<blockquote>And eke there was a polecat in his <b>haw</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fruit of the hawthorn.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Haw</h1>
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<hw>Haw</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The third eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See <cref>Nictitating membrane</cref>, under <er>Nictitate</er>.</def>

<h1>Haw</h1>
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<hw>Haw</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>ha</ets> an interjection of wonder, surprise, or hesitation.]</ety> <def>An intermission or hesitation of speech, with a sound somewhat like <i>haw</i>! also, the sound so made.</def> "Hums or <i>haws</i>."

<i>Congreve.</i>

<h1>Haw</h1>
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<hw>Haw</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To stop, in speaking, with a sound like <i>haw</i>; to speak with interruption and hesitation.</def>

<blockquote>Cut it short; don't prose -- don't hum and <b>haw</b>.
<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Haw</h1>
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<hw>Haw</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hawed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hawing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Written also <ets>hoi</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[Perhaps connected with <ets>here</ets>, <ets>hither</ets>; cf., however, F. <ets>huhau</ets>, <ets>hue</ets>, interj. used in turning a horse to the right, G. <ets>hott</ets>, <ets>h\'81</ets>, interj. used in calling to a horse.]</ety> <def>To turn to the near side, or toward the driver; -- said of cattle or a team: a word used by teamsters in guiding their teams, and most frequently in the imperative. See <er>Gee</er>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To haw and gee</col>, &or; <col>To haw and gee about</col></mcol>, <cd>to go from one thing to another without good reason; to have no settled purpose; to be irresolute or unstable. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Haw</h1>
<Xpage=675>

<hw>Haw</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to turn, as a team, to the near side, or toward the driver; <as>as, to <ex>haw</ex> a team of oxen</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To haw and gee</col>, &or; <col>To haw and gee about</col></mcol>, <cd>to lead this way and that at will; to lead by the nose; to master or control. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Hawaiian</h1>
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<hw>Ha*wai"ian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to Hawaii or the Sandwich Islands, or to the people of Hawaii.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Hawaii.</def></def2>

<h1>Hawebake</h1>
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<hw>Hawe"bake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Probably, the baked berry of the hawthorn tree, that is, coarse fare. See 1st <er>Haw</er>, 2.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hawfinch</h1>
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<hw>Haw"finch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common European grosbeak (<spn>Coccothraustes vulgaris</spn>); -- called also <altname>cherry finch</altname>, and <altname>coble</altname>.</def>

<h1>Haw-haw</h1>
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<hw>Haw-haw"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Duplication of <ets>haw</ets> a hedge.]</ety> <def>See <er>Ha-ha</er>.</def>

<h1>Hawhaw</h1>
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<hw>Haw*haw"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Of imitative origin.]</ety> <def>To laugh boisterously.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<blockquote>We <b>haw-haw'd</b>, I tell you, for more than half an hour.
<i>Major Jack Downing.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hawk</h1>
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<hw>Hawk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hauk</ets> (prob. fr. Icel.), <ets>havek</ets>, AS. <ets>hafoc</ets>, <ets>heafoc</ets>; akin to D. <ets>havik</ets>, OHG. <ets>habuh</ets>, G. <ets>habicht</ets>, Icel. <ets>haukr</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'94k</ets>, Dan. <ets>h\'94g</ets>, prob. from the root of E. <ets>heave</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of numerous species and genera of rapacious birds of the family <spn>Falconid\'91</spn>. They differ from the true falcons in lacking the prominent tooth and notch of the bill, and in having shorter and less pointed wings. Many are of large size and grade into the eagles. Some, as the goshawk, were formerly trained like falcons. In a more general sense the word is not infrequently applied, also, to true falcons, as the sparrow <i>hawk</i>, pigeon <i>hawk</i>, duck <i>hawk</i>, and prairie <i>hawk</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; Among the common American species are the red-tailed hawk (<spn>Buteo borealis</spn>); the red-shouldered (<spn>B. lineatus</spn>); the broad-winged (<spn>B. Pennsylvanicus</spn>); the rough-legged (<spn>Archibuteo lagopus</spn>); the sharp-shinned <spn>Accipiter fuscus</spn>). See <er>Fishhawk</er>, <er>Goshawk</er>, <cref>Marsh hawk</cref>, under <er>Marsh</er>, <cref>Night hawk</cref>, under <er>Night</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Bee hawk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the honey buzzard.</cd> -- <col>Eagle hawk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Eagle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hawk eagle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Asiatic bird of the genus <spn>Spiz\'91tus</spn>, or <spn>Limn\'91tus</spn>, intermediate between the hawks and eagles. There are several species.</cd> -- <col>Hawk fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a voracious fly of the family <spn>Asilid\'91</spn>. See <cref>Hornet fly</cref>, under <er>Hornet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hawk moth</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Hawk moth</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Hawk owl</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A northern owl (<spn>Surnia ulula</spn>) of Europe and America. It flies by day, and in some respects resembles the hawks.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An owl of India (<spn>Ninox scutellatus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Hawk's bill</col> <fld>(Horology)</fld>, <cd>the pawl for the rack, in the striking mechanism of a clock.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hawk</h1>
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<hw>Hawk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hawked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hawking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To catch, or attempt to catch, birds by means of hawks trained for the purpose, and let loose on the prey; to practice falconry.</def>

<blockquote>A falconer Henry is, when Emma <b>hawks</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make an attack while on the wing; to soar and strike like a hawk; -- generally with <i>at</i>; <as>as, to <ex>hawk</ex> at flies</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>A falcon, towering in her pride of place,
Was by a mousing owl <b>hawked</b> at and killed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hawk</h1>
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<hw>Hawk</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>hochi</ets>.]</ety> <def>To clear the throat with an audible sound by forcing an expiratory current of air through the narrow passage between the depressed soft palate and the root of the tongue, thus aiding in the removal of foreign substances.</def>

<h1>Hawk</h1>
<Xpage=675>

<hw>Hawk</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To raise by hawking, as phlegm.</def>

<h1>Hawk</h1>
<Xpage=675>

<hw>Hawk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>hoch</ets>.]</ety> <def>An effort to force up phlegm from the throat, accompanied with noise.</def>

<h1>Hawk</h1>
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<hw>Hawk</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>hauker</ets> a hawker, G. <ets>h\'94ken</ets>, <ets>h\'94cken</ets>, to higgle, to retail, <ets>h\'94ke</ets>, <ets>h\'94ker</ets>, a higgler, huckster. See <er>Huckster</er>.]</ety> <def>To offer for sale by outcry in the street; to carry (merchandise) about from place to place for sale; to peddle; <as>as, to <ex>hawk</ex> goods or pamphlets</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His works were <b>hawked</b> in every street.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hawk</h1>
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<hw>Hawk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>A small board, with a handle on the under side, to hold mortar.</def>

<cs><col>Hawk boy</col>, <cd>an attendant on a plasterer to supply him with mortar.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hawkbill</h1>
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<hw>Hawk"bill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sea turtle (<spn>Eretmochelys imbricata</spn>), which yields the best quality of tortoise shell; -- called also <altname>caret</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hawkbit</h1>
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<hw>Hawk"bit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fall dandelion (<spn>Leontodon autumnale</spn>).</def>

<h1>Hawked</h1>
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<hw>Hawked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Curved like a hawk's bill; crooked.</def>

<h1>Hawker</h1>
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<hw>Hawk"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who sells wares by crying them in the street; hence, a peddler or a packman.</def>

<h1>Hawker</h1>
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<hw>Hawk"er</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sell goods by outcry in the street.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Hawker</h1>
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<hw>Hawk"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>hafecere</ets>. See 1st <er>Hawk</er>.]</ety> <def>A falconer.</def>

<h1>Hawkey</h1>
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<hw>Hawk"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hockey</er>.</def>

<i>Holloway.</i>

<h1>Hawk-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Hawk"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a keen eye; sharpsighted; discerning.</def>

<h1>Hawk moth</h1>
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<hw>Hawk" moth`</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any moth of the family <spn>Sphingid\'91</spn>, of which there are numerous genera and species. They are large, handsome moths, which fly mostly at twilight and hover about flowers like a humming bird, sucking the honey by means of a long, slender proboscis. The larv\'91 are large, hairless caterpillars ornamented with green and other bright colors, and often with a caudal spine. See <er>Sphinx</er>, also <i>Tobacco worm</i>, and <i>Tomato worm</i>.</def>

<caption>Tobacco Hawk Moth (<spn>Macrosila Carolina</spn>), and its Larva, the Tobacco Worm.</caption>

<note>&hand; The larv\'91 of several species of hawk moths feed on grapevines. The elm-tree hawk moth is <spn>Ceratomia Amyntor</spn>.</note>

<h1>Hawkweed</h1>
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<hw>Hawk"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Hieracium</spn>; -- so called from the ancient belief that birds of prey used its juice to strengthen their vision.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Senecio</spn> (<spn>S. hieracifolius</spn>).</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<h1>Hawm</h1>
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<hw>Hawm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Haulm</er>, straw.</def>

<h1>Hawm</h1>
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<hw>Hawm</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>To lounge; to loiter.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Hawse</h1>
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<hw>Hawse</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Orig. a <ets>hawse hole</ets>, or hole in the ship; cf. Icel. <ets>hals</ets>, <ets>h\'bels</ets>, neck, part of the bows of a ship, AS. <ets>heals</ets> neck. See <er>Collar</er>, and cf. <er>Halse</er> to embrace.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hawse hole.</def>

<i>Harris.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The situation of the cables when a vessel is moored with two anchors, one on the starboard, the other on the port bow.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The distance ahead to which the cables usually extend; <as>as, the ship has a clear or open <ex>hawse</ex>, or a foul <ex>hawse</ex>; to anchor in our <ex>hawse</ex>, or athwart <ex>hawse</ex>.</as></def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>That part of a vessel's bow in which are the hawse holes for the cables.</def>

<cs><col>Athwart hawse</col>. <cd>See under <er>Athwart</er>.</cd> -- <col>Foul hawse</col>, <cd>a hawse in which the cables cross each other, or are twisted together.</cd> -- <col>Hawse block</col>, <cd>a block used to stop up a hawse hole at sea; -- called also <altname>hawse plug</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Hawse hole</col>, <cd>a hole in the bow of a ship, through which a cable passes.</cd> -- <col>Hawse piece</col>, <cd>one of the foremost timbers of a ship, through which the hawse hole is cut.</cd> -- <col>Hawse plug</col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Hawse block</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>To come in at the hawse holes</col>, <cd>to enter the naval service at the lowest grade.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>To freshen the hawse</col>, <cd>to veer out a little more cable and bring the chafe and strain on another part.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="676">
Page 676<p>

<h1>Hawser</h1>
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<hw>Haws"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From F. <ets>hausser</ets> to <?/ft, raise (cf. OF. <ets>hausser\'82e</ets> towpath, towing, F. <ets>haussi\'8are</ets> hawser), LL. <ets>altiare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>altus</ets> high. See <er>Haughty</er>.]</ety> <def>A large rope made of three strands each containing many yarns.</def>

<note>&hand; Three hawsers twisted together make a cable; but it nautical usage the distinction between cable and hawser is often one of size rather than of manufacture.</note>

<cs><col>Hawser iron</col>, <cd>a calking iron.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hawser-laid</h1>
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<hw>Haws"er-laid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made in the manner of a hawser. Cf. <er>Cable-laid</er>, and see <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Cordage</er>.</def>

<h1>Hawthorn</h1>
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<hw>Haw"thorn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hagaborn</ets>, <ets>h\'91g<?/orn</ets>. See <er>Haw</er> a hedge, and <er>Thorn</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A thorny shrub or tree (the <i>Crat\'91gus oxyacantha</i>), having deeply lobed, shining leaves, small, roselike, fragrant flowers, and a fruit called <i>haw</i>. It is much used in Europe for hedges, and for standards in gardens. The American hawthorn is <i>Crat\'91gus cordata</i>, which has the leaves but little lobed.</def>

<blockquote>Gives not the <b>hawthorn</b> bush a sweeter shade
To shepherds?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hay</h1>
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<hw>Hay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hege</ets>: cf. F. <ets>haie</ets>, of German origin. See <er>Haw</er> a hedge, <er>Hedge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hedge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A net set around the haunt of an animal, especially of a rabbit.</def>

<i>Rowe.</i>

<cs><col>To dance the hay</col>, <cd>to dance in a ring.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hay</h1>
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<hw>Hay</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lay snares for rabbits.</def>

<i>Huloet.</i>

<h1>Hay</h1>
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<hw>Hay</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hei</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/g</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kooi</ets>, OHG. <ets>hewi</ets>, <ets>houwi</ets>, G. <ets>heu</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>h\'94</ets>, Icel. <ets>hey</ets>, <ets>ha</ets>, Goth. <ets>hawi</ets> grass, fr. the root of E. <ets>hew</ets>. See <er>Hew to cut</er>. ]</ety> <def>Grass cut and cured for fodder.</def>

<blockquote>Make <b>hay</b> while the sun shines.
<i>Camden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Hay</b> may be dried too much as well as too little.
<i>C. L. Flint.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Hay cap</col>, <cd>a canvas covering for a haycock.</cd> -- <col>Hay fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>nasal catarrh accompanied with fever, and sometimes with paroxysms of dyspn\'d2a, to which some persons are subject in the spring and summer seasons. It has been attributed to the effluvium from hay, and to the pollen of certain plants. It is also called <altname>hay asthma</altname>, <altname>hay cold</altname>, and <altname>rose fever</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Hay knife</col>, <cd>a sharp instrument used in cutting hay out of a stack or mow.</cd> -- <col>Hay press</col>, <cd>a press for baling loose hay.</cd> -- <col>Hay tea</col>, <cd>the juice of hay extracted by boiling, used as food for cattle, etc.</cd> -- <col>Hay tedder</col>, <cd>a machine for spreading and turning newmown hay. See <er>Tedder</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hay</h1>
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<hw>Hay</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To cut and cure grass for hay.</def>

<h1>Haybird</h1>
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<hw>Hay"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The European spotted flycatcher.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The European blackcap.</def>

<h1>Haybote</h1>
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<hw>Hay"bote`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hay</er> hedge, and <er>Bote</er>, and cf. <er>Hedgebote</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law.)</fld> <def>An allowance of wood to a tenant for repairing his hedges or fences; hedgebote. See <er>Bote</er>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Haycock</h1>
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<hw>Hay"cock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A conical pile or hear of hay in the field.</def>

<blockquote>The tanned <b>haycock</b> in the mead.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hay-cutter</h1>
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<hw>Hay"-cut`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A machine in which hay is chopped short, as fodder for cattle.</def>

<h1>Hayfield</h1>
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<hw>Hay"field`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A field where grass for hay has been cut; a meadow.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Hayfork</h1>
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<hw>Hay"fork`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fork for pitching and tedding hay.</def>

<cs><col>Horse hayfork</col>, <cd>a contrivance for unloading hay from the cart and depositing it in the loft, or on a mow, by horse power.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hayloft</h1>
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<hw>Hay"loft`</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A loft or scaffold for hay.</def>

<h1>Haymaker</h1>
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<hw>Hay"mak`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who cuts and cures hay.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A machine for curing hay in rainy weather.</def>

<h1>Haymaking</h1>
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<hw>Hay"mak`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The operation or work of cutting grass and curing it for hay.</def>

<h1>Haymow</h1>
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<hw>Hay"mow`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mow or mass of hay laid up in a barn for preservation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The place in a barn where hay is deposited.</def>

<h1>Hayrack</h1>
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<hw>Hay"rack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A frame mounted on the running gear of a wagon, and used in hauling hay, straw, sheaves, etc.; -- called also <altname>hay rigging</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hayrake</h1>
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<hw>Hay"rake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rake for collecting hay; especially, a large rake drawn by a horse or horses.</def>

<h1>Hayrick</h1>
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<hw>Hay"rick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A heap or pile of hay, usually covered with thatch for preservation in the open air.</def>

<h1>Haystack</h1>
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<hw>Hay"stack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stack or conical pile of hay in the open air.</def>

<h1>Haystalk</h1>
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<hw>Hay"stalk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stalk of hay.</def>

<h1>Haythorn</h1>
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<hw>Hay"thorn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hawthorn.</def>

<i>R. Scot.</i>

<h1>Haytian</h1>
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<hw>Hay"ti*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of pertaining to Hayti.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Hayti.</def></def2> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Haitian</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hayward</h1>
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<hw>Hay"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hay</ets> a hedge + <ets>ward</ets>.]</ety> <def>An officer who is appointed to guard hedges, and to keep cattle from breaking or cropping them, and whose further duty it is to impound animals found running at large.</def>

<h1>Hazard</h1>
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<hw>Haz"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hazard</ets>, Sp. <ets>azar</ets> an unforeseen disaster or accident, an unfortunate card or throw at dice, prob. fr. Ar. <ets>zahr</ets>, <ets>z\'ber</ets>, a die, which, with the article <ets>al</ets> the, would give <ets>azzahr</ets>, <ets>azz\'ber</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A game of chance played with dice.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The uncertain result of throwing a die; hence, a fortuitous event; chance; accident; casualty.</def>

<blockquote>I will stand the <b>hazard</b> of the die.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Risk; danger; peril; <as>as, he encountered the enemy at the <ex>hazard</ex> of his reputation and life</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Men are led on from one stage of life to another in a condition of the utmost <b>hazard</b>.
<i>Rogers</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Billiards<?/)</fld> <def>Holing a ball, whether the object ball (winning <i>hazard</i>) or the player's ball (losing <i>hazard</i>).</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Anything that is hazarded or risked, as the stakes in gaming.</def> "Your latter <i>hazard</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Hazard table</col>, <cd>a a table on which hazard is played, or any game of chance for stakes.</cd> -- <col>To ru<?/ the hazard</col>, <cd>to take the chance or risk.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Danger; risk; chance. See <er>Danger</er>.</syn>

<h1>Hazard</h1>
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<hw>Haz"ard</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hazarded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. <?/</tt> <er>Hazarding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hazarder</ets>. See Hazard, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To expose to the operation of chance; to put in danger of loss or injury; to venture; to risk.</def>

<blockquote>Men <b>hazard</b> nothing by a course of evangelical obedience.
<i>John Clarke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>hazards</b> his neck to the halter.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To venture to incur, or bring on.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>hazarded</b> the loss of whom I loved.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>hazard</b> to cut their feet.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To venture; risk; jeopard; peril; endanger.</syn>

<h1>Hazard</h1>
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<hw>Haz"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To try the chance; to encounter risk or danger.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hazardable</h1>
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<hw>Haz"ard*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Liable to hazard or chance; uncertain; risky.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Such as can be hazarded or risked.</def>

<h1>Hazarder</h1>
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<hw>Haz"ard*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A player at the game of hazard; a gamester.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who hazards or ventures.</def>

<h1>Hazardize</h1>
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<hw>Haz"ard*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hazardous attempt or situation; hazard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Herself had run into that <b>hazardize</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hazardous</h1>
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<hw>Haz"ard*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hasardeux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Exposed to hazard; dangerous; risky.</def>

<blockquote>To enterprise so <b>hazardous</b> and high!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Perilous; dangerous; bold; daring; adventurous; venturesome; precarious; uncertain.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Haz"ard*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Haz"ard*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hazardry</h1>
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<hw>Haz"ard*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Playing at hazard; gaming; gambling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rashness; temerity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Haze</h1>
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<hw>Haze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>h\'94ss</ets> gray; akin to AS. <ets>hasu</ets>, <ets>heasu</ets>, gray; or Armor. <ets>a\'82zen</ets>, <ets>\'82zen</ets>, warm vapor, exhalation, zephyr.]</ety> <def>Light vapor or smoke in the air which more or less impedes vision, with little or no dampness; a lack of transparency in the air; hence, figuratively, obscurity; dimness.</def>

<blockquote>O'er the sky
The silvery <b>haze</b> of summer drawn.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Above the world's uncertain <b>haze</b>.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Haze</h1>
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<hw>Haze</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be hazy, or tick with haze.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Haze</h1>
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<hw>Haze</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hazed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hazing</er>.]</wordforms> <altsp>[Also <asp>haze</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>haza</ets> to hamstring, fr. <ets>has</ets> hough, OD. <ets>h\'91ssen</ets> ham.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To harass by exacting unnecessary, disagreeable, or difficult work.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To harass or annoy by playing abusive or shameful tricks upon; to humiliate by practical jokes; -- used esp. of college students; <as>as, the sophomores <ex>hazed</ex> a freshman</as>.</def>

<h1>Hazel</h1>
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<hw>Ha"zel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hasel</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'91sel</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hazelaar</ets>, G. <ets>hazel</ets>, OHG. <ets>hasal</ets>, <ets>hasala</ets>, Icel. <ets>hasl</ets>, Dan & Sw. <ets>hassel</ets>, L. <ets>corylus</ets>, for <ets>cosylus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shrub or small tree of the genus <spn>Corylus</spn>, as the <spn>C. avellana</spn>, bearing a nut containing a kernel of a mild, farinaceous taste; the filbert. The American species are <spn>C. Americana</spn>, which produces the common hazelnut, and <spn>C. rostrata</spn>. See <er>Filbert</er>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A miner's name for freestone.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<cs><col>Hazel earth</col>, <cd>soil suitable for the hazel; a fertile loam.</cd> -- <col>Hazel grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European grouse (<spn>Bonasa betulina</spn>), allied to the American ruffed grouse.</cd> -- <col>Hazel hoe</col>, <cd>a kind of grub hoe.</cd> -- <col>Witch hazel</col>. <cd>See <er>Witch-hazel</er>, and <er>Hamamelis</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hazel</h1>
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<hw>Ha"zel</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of hazels, or of the wood of the hazel; pertaining to, or derived from, the hazel; <as>as, a <ex>hazel</ex> wand</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I sit me down beside the <b>hazel</b> grove.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of a light brown color, like the hazelnut.</def> "Thou hast <i>hazel</i> eyes."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hazeless</h1>
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<hw>Haze"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of haze.</def>

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Hazelly</h1>
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<hw>Ha"zel*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the color of the hazelnut; of a light brown.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Hazelnut</h1>
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<hw>Ha"zel*nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h\'91selhnutu</ets>.]</ety> <def>The nut of the hazel.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hazelwort</h1>
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<hw>Ha"zel*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The asarabacca.</def>

<h1>Hazily</h1>
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<hw>Ha"zi*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a hazy manner; mistily; obscurely; confusedly.</def>

<h1>Haziness</h1>
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<hw>Ha"zi*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being hazy.</def>

<h1>Hazle</h1>
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<hw>Ha"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make dry; to dry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hazy</h1>
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<hw>Ha"zy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Haze</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Thick with haze; somewhat obscured with haze; not clear or transparent.</def> "A tender, <i>hazy</i> brightness."

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Obscure; confused; not clear; <as>as, a <ex>hazy</ex> argument; a <ex>hazy</ex> intellect.</as></def>

<i>Mrs. Gore.</i>

<h1>He</h1>
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<hw>He</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>nom.</tt> <er>He</er>; <tt>poss.</tt> <er>His</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>obj.</tt> <er>Him</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>pl. nom.</tt> <er>They</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>poss.</tt> <er>Their</er> or <er>Theirs</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>obj.</tt> <er>Them</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/</ets>, masc., <ets>he\'a2</ets>, fem., <ets>hit</ets>, neut.; pl. <ets>h\'c6</ets>, or <ets>hie</ets>, <ets>hig</ets>; akin to Ofries. <ets>hi</ets>, D. <ets>hij</ets>, OS. <ets>he</ets>, <ets>hi</ets>, G. <ets>heute</ets> to-day, Goth. <ets>himma</ets>, dat. masc., this, <ets>hina</ets>, accus. masc., and <ets>hita</ets>, accus. neut., and prob. to L. <ets>his</ets> this. &root;183. Cf. <er>It</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The man or male being (or object personified to which the masculine gender is assigned), previously designated; a pronoun of the masculine gender, usually referring to a specified subject already indicated.</def>

<blockquote>Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and <b>he</b> shall rule over thee.
<i>Gen. iii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God; <b>him</b> shalt thou serve.
<i>Deut. x. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any one; the man or person; -- used indefinitely, and usually followed by a relative pronoun.</def>

<blockquote><b>He</b> that walketh with wise men shall be wise.
<i>Prov. xiii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Man; a male; any male person; -- in this sense used substantively.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>I stand to answer thee,
Or any <b>he</b>, the proudest of thy sort.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; When a collective noun or a class is referred to, <i>he</i> is of common gender. In early English, <i>he</i> referred to a feminine or neuter noun, or to one in the plural, as well as to noun in the masculine singular. In composition, <i>he</i> denotes a male animal; as, a <i>he</i>-goat.</note>

<h1>-head</h1>
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<hw>-head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>suffix.</tt> <def>A variant of <er>-hood</er>.</def>

<h1>Head</h1>
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<hw>Head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hed</ets>, <ets>heved</ets>, <ets>heaved</ets>, AS. <ets>he\'a0fod</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hoofd</ets>, OHG. <ets>houbit</ets>, G. <ets>haupt</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'94fu<?/</ets>, Sw. <ets>hufvud</ets>, Dan. <ets>hoved</ets>, Goth. <ets>haubip</ets>. The word does not corresponds regularly to L. <ets>caput</ets> head (cf. E. <er>Chief</er>, <er>Cadet</er>, <er>Capital</er>), and its origin is unknown.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The anterior or superior part of an animal, containing the brain, or chief ganglia of the nervous system, the mouth, and in the higher animals, the chief sensory organs; poll; cephalon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The uppermost, foremost, or most important part of an inanimate object; such a part as may be considered to resemble the head of an animal; often, also, the larger, thicker, or heavier part or extremity, in distinction from the smaller or thinner part, or from the point or edge; <as>as, the <ex>head</ex> of a cane, a nail, a spear, an ax, a mast, a sail, a ship</as>; that which covers and closes the top or the end of a hollow vessel; <as>as, the <ex>head</ex> of a cask or a steam boiler</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The place where the head should go; <as>as, the <ex>head</ex> of a bed, of a grave, etc</as>.; the <i>head</i> of a carriage, that is, the hood which covers the head.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The most prominent or important member of any organized body; the chief; the leader; <as>as, the <ex>head</ex> of a college, a school, a church, a state, and the like</as>.</def> "Their princes and <i>heads</i>."

<i>Robynson (More's Utopia). </i>

<blockquote>The <b>heads</b> of the chief sects of philosophy.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Your <b>head</b> I him appoint.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The place or honor, or of command; the most important or foremost position; the front; <as>as, the <ex>head</ex> of the table; the <ex>head</ex> of a column of soldiers.</as></def>

<blockquote>An army of fourscore thousand troops, with the duke Marlborough at the <b>head</b> of them.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Each one among many; an individual; -- often used in a plural sense; <as>as, a thousand <ex>head</ex> of cattle</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It there be six millions of people, there are about four acres for every <b>head</b>.
<i>Graunt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The seat of the intellect; the brain; the understanding; the mental faculties; <as>as, a good <ex>head</ex>, that is, a good mind; it never entered his <ex>head</ex>, it did not occur to him; of his own <ex>head</ex>, of his own thought or will.</as></def>

<blockquote>Men who had lost both <b>head</b> and heart.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The source, fountain, spring, or beginning, as of a stream or river; <as>as, the <ex>head</ex> of the Nile</as>; hence, the altitude of the source, or the height of the surface, as of water, above a given place, as above an orifice at which it issues, and the pressure resulting from the height or from motion; sometimes also, the quantity in reserve; <as>as, a mill or reservoir has a good <ex>head</ex> of water, or ten feet <ex>head</ex></as>; also, that part of a gulf or bay most remote from the outlet or the sea.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A headland; a promontory; <as>as, Gay <ex>Head</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>A separate part, or topic, of a discourse; a theme to be expanded; a subdivision; <as>as, the <ex>heads</ex> of a sermon</as>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Culminating point or crisis; hence, strength; force; height.</def>

<blockquote>Ere foul sin, gathering <b>head</b>, shall break into corruption.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The indisposition which has long hung upon me, is at last grown to such a <b>head</b>, that it must quickly make an end of me or of itself.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>Power; armed force.</def>

<blockquote>My lord, my lord, the French have gathered <b>head</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>A headdress; a covering of the head; <as>as, a laced <ex>head</ex>; a <ex>head</ex> of hair.</as></def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>14.</b> <def>An ear of wheat, barley, or of one of the other small cereals.</def>

<p><b>15.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A dense cluster of flowers, as in clover, daisies, thistles; a capitulum.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A dense, compact mass of leaves, as in a cabbage or a lettuce plant.</def>

<p><b>16.</b> <def>The antlers of a deer.</def>

<p><b>17.</b> <def>A rounded mass of foam which rises on a pot of beer or other effervescing liquor.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<p><b>18.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Tiles laid at the eaves of a house.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Head</i> is often used adjectively or in self-explaining combinations; as, <i>head</i> gear or <i>head</i>gear, <i>head</i> rest. Cf. <er>Head</er>, <tt>a.</tt></note>

<cs><col>A buck of the first head</col>, <cd>a male fallow deer in its fifth year, when it attains its complete set of antlers. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>By the head</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>By</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Elevator head</col>, <col>Feed head</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Elevator</er>, <er>Feed</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>From head to foot</col>, <cd>through the whole length of a man; completely; throughout. "Arm me, audacity, from <i>head to foot<i>." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Head and ears</col>, <cd>with the whole person; deeply; completely; as, he was <i>head and ears</i> in debt or in trouble.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Head fast</col></mcol>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See 5th <er>Fast</er>.</cd> -- <col>Head kidney</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the most anterior of the three pairs of embryonic renal organs developed in most vertebrates<?/ the pronephors.</cd> -- <col>Head money</col>, <cd>a capitation tax; a poll tax. <i>Milton</i>.</cd> -- <col>Head pence</col>, <cd>a poll tax.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Head sea</col>, <cd>a sea that meets the head of a vessel or rolls against her course.</cd> -- <col>Head and shoulders</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>By force; violently; as, to drag one, <i>head and shoulders<i>. "They bring in every figure of speech, <i>head and shoulders<i>." <i>Felton</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>By the height of the head and shoulders; hence, by a great degree or space; by far; much; as, he is <i>head and shoulders<i> above them.</cd> -- <col>Head or tail</col>, <cd>this side or that side; this thing or that; -- a phrase used in throwing a coin to decide a choice, guestion, or stake, <i>head<i> being the side of the coin bearing the effigy or principal figure (or, in case there is no head or face on either side, that side which has the date on it), and <i>tail<i> the other side.</cd> -- <col>Neither head nor tail</col>, <cd>neither beginning nor end; neither this thing nor that; nothing distinct or definite; -- a phrase used in speaking of what is indefinite or confused; as, they made <i>neither head nor tail</i> of the matter.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Head wind</col>, <cd>a wind that blows in a direction opposite the vessel's course.</cd> -- <col>Out one's own head</col>, <cd>according to one's own idea; without advice or co\'94peration of another.</cd> <col>Over the head of</col>, <cd>beyond the comprehension of. <i>M. Arnold</i>.</cd><-- go over one's head = appeal to one's superior in line of command --> -- <col>To be out of one's head</col>, <cd>to be temporarily insane.</cd> -- <col>To come or draw to a head</col>. <cd>See under <er>Come</er>, <er>Draw</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To give (one) <col>the head</col>, &or; <col>To give head</col></mcol>, <cd>to let go, or to give up, control; to free from restraint; to give license. "He <i>gave<i> his able horse <i>the head<i>." <i>Shak</i>. "He has so long <i>given<i> his unruly passions their <i>head<i>." <i>South</i>.</cd> -- <col>To his head</col>, <cd>before his face. "An uncivil answer from a son to a father, from an obliged person to a benefactor, is a greater indecency than if an enemy should storm his house or revile him <i>to his head<i>." <i>Jer. Taylor</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lay heads together</col>, <cd>to consult; to conspire.</cd> -- <col>To lose one's head</col>, <cd>to lose presence of mind.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To make head</col>, &or; <col>To make head against</col></mcol>, <cd>to resist with success; to advance.</cd> -- <col>To show one's head</col>, <cd>to appear. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To turn head</col>, <cd>to turn the face or front. "The ravishers <i>turn head<i>, the fight renews." <i>Dryden</i>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="677">
Page 677<p>

<h1>Head</h1>
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<hw>Head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Principal; chief; leading; first; <as>as, the <ex>head</ex> master of a school; the <ex>head</ex> man of a tribe; a <ex>head</ex> chorister; a <ex>head</ex> cook.</as></def>

<h1>Head</h1>
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<hw>Head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Headed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Heading</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be at the head of; to put one's self at the head of; to lead; to direct; to act as leader to; <as>as, to <ex>head</ex> an army, an expedition, or a riot</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form a head to; to fit or furnish with a head; <as>as, to <ex>head</ex> a nail</as>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To behead; to decapitate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cut off the top of; to lop off; <as>as, to <ex>head</ex> trees</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To go in front of; to get in the front of, so as to hinder or stop; to oppose; hence, to check or restrain; <as>as, to <ex>head</ex> a drove of cattle; to <ex>head</ex> a person; the wind <ex>heads</ex> a ship.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To set on the head; <as>as, to <ex>head</ex> a cask</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To head off</col>, <cd>to intercept; to get before; as, an officer <i>heads off<i> a thief who is escaping.</cd> -- <col>To head up</col>, <cd>to close, as a cask or barrel, by fitting a head to.</cd></cs>

<h1>Head</h1>
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<hw>Head</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To originate; to spring; to have its <?/ourse, as a river.</def>

<blockquote>A broad river, that <b>heads</b> in the great Blue Ridge.
<i>Adair.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To go or point in a certain direction; to tend; as, how does the ship <i>head</i>?</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To form a head; <as>as, this kind of cabbage <ex>heads</ex> early</as>.</def>

<h1>Headache</h1>
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<hw>Head"ache`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pain in the head; ceph<?/lalgia.</def> "<i>Headaches</i> and shivering fits."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Headachy</h1>
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<hw>Head"ach`y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Afflicted with headache.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Headband</h1>
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<hw>Head"band`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fillet; a band for the head.</def> "The <i>headbands</i> and the tablets."

<i>Is. iii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The band at each end of the back of a book.</def>

<h1>Headbeard</h1>
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<hw>Head"beard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A board or boarding which marks or forms the head of anything; <as>as, the <ex>headboard</ex> of a bed; the <ex>headboard</ex> of a grave.</as></def>

<h1>Headborough, Headborrow</h1>
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<hw><hw>Head"bor*ough</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Head"bor*row</hw><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The chief of a frankpledge, tithing, or decennary, consisting of ten families; -- called also <altname>borsholder</altname>, <altname>boroughhead</altname>, <altname>boroughholder</altname>, and sometimes <altname>tithingman</altname>. See <er>Borsholder</er>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Modern Law)</fld> <def>A petty constable.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Head-cheese</h1>
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<hw>Head"-cheese</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dish made of portions of the head, or head and feet, of swine, cut up fine, seasoned, and pressed into a cheeselike mass.</def>

<h1>Headdress</h1>
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<hw>Head"dress`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A covering or ornament for the head; a headtire.</def>

<blockquote>Among birds the males very often appear in a most beautiful <b>headdress</b>, whether it be a crest, a comb, a tuft of feathers, or a natural little plume.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A manner of dressing the hair or of adorning it, whether with or without a veil, ribbons, combs, etc.</def>

<h1>Headed</h1>
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<hw>Head"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Furnished with a head (commonly as denoting intellectual faculties); -- used in composition; <as>as, clear-<ex>headed</ex>, long-<ex>headed</ex>, thick-<ex>headed</ex>; a many-<ex>headed</ex> monster.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formed into a head; <as>as, a <ex>headed</ex> cabbage</as>.</def>

<h1>Header</h1>
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<hw>Head"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, heads nails, rivets, etc., esp. a machine for heading.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who heads a movement, a party, or a mob; head; chief; leader.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A brick or stone laid with its shorter face or head in the surface of the wall.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In framing, the piece of timber fitted between two trimmers, and supported by them, and carrying the ends of the tailpieces.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A reaper for wheat, that cuts off the heads only.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A fall or plunge headforemost, as while riding a bicycle, or in bathing; <as>as, to take a <ex>header</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Headfirst, Headforemost</h1>
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<hw><hw>Head`first"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Head`fore"most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With the head foremost.</def>

<h1>Headfish</h1>
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<hw>Head`fish"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sunfish (<spn>Mola</spn>).</def>

<mhw><h1>Head gear, &or; Headgear</h1>
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<hw>Head" gear`</hw>, &or; <hw>Head"gear`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Headdress.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Apparatus above ground at the mouth of a mine or deep well.</def>

<h1>Head-hunter</h1>
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<hw>Head"-hunt`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A member of any tribe or race of savages who have the custom of decapitating human beings and preserving their heads as trophies. The Dyaks of Borneo are the most noted head-hunters.</def>
<-- 2. (fig.) an executive personnel recruiter -->

-- <wordforms><wf>Head"-hunt`ing</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Headily</h1>
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<hw>Head"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a heady or rash manner; hastily; rashly; obstinately.</def>

<h1>Headiness</h1>
<Xpage=677>

<hw>Head"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being heady.</def>

<h1>Heading</h1>
<Xpage=677>

<hw>Head"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of one who, or that which, heads; formation of a head.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which stands at the head; title; <as>as, the <ex>heading</ex> of a paper</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Material for the heads of casks, barrels, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>A gallery, drift, or adit in a mine; also, the end of a drift or gallery; the vein above a drift.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(sewing)</fld> <def>The extension of a line ruffling above the line of stitch.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>That end of a stone or brick which is presented outward.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<cs><col>Heading course</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a course consisting only of headers. See <er>Header</er>, <tt>n.</tt> 3 <sd>(a)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Heading joint</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <cd>A joint, as of two or more boards, etc., at right angles to the grain of the wood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <cd>A joint between two roussoirs in the same course.</cd></cs>

<h1>Headland</h1>
<Xpage=677>

<hw>Head"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cape; a promontory; a point of land projecting into the sea or other expanse of water.</def> "Sow the <i>headland</i> with wheat."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A ridge or strip of unplowed at the ends of furrows, or near a fence.</def>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Headless</h1>
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<hw>Head"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>he\'a0fodle\'a0s</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having no head; beheaded; <as>as, a <ex>headless</ex> body, neck, or carcass</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destitute of a chief or leader.</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Destitute of understanding or prudence; foolish; rash; obstinate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><-- = mindless -->

<blockquote>Witless headiness in judging or <b>headless</b> hardiness in condemning.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Headlight</h1>
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<hw>Head"light`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>A light, with a powerful reflector, placed at the head of a locomotive, or in front of it, to throw light on the track at night, or in going through a dark tunnel.</def>

<h1>Headline</h1>
<Xpage=677>

<hw>Head"line`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The line at the head or top of a page.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Headrope</er>.</def>

<h1>Headlong</h1>
<Xpage=677>

<hw>Head"long`</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hedling</ets>, <ets>hevedlynge</ets>; prob. confused with E. <ets>long</ets>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>With the head foremost; <as>as, to fall <ex>headlong</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Acts i. 18.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rashly; precipitately; without deliberation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hastily; without delay or respite.</def>

<h1>Headlong</h1>
<Xpage=677>

<hw>Head"long</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rash; precipitate; <as>as, <ex>headlong</ex> folly</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Steep; precipitous.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Like a tower upon a <b>headlong</b> rock.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Head-lugged</h1>
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<hw>Head"-lugged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lugged or dragged by the head.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>head-lugged</i> bear."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Headman</h1>
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<hw>Head"man`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Headmen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>he\'a0fodman</ets>.]</ety> <def>A head or leading man, especially of a village community.</def>

<h1>Headmold shot, Headmould shot</h1>
<Xpage=677>

<hw><hw>Head"mold" shot"</hw>, <hw>Head"mould` shot"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An old name for the condition of the skull, in which the bones ride, or are <i>shot</i>, over each other at the sutures.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Headmost</h1>
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<hw>Head"most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Most advanced; most forward; <as>as, the <ex>headmost</ex> ship in a fleet</as>.</def>

<h1>Headnote</h1>
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<hw>Head"note`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A note at the head of a page or chapter; in law reports, an abstract of a case, showing the principles involved and the opinion of the court.</def>

<h1>Headpan</h1>
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<hw>Head"pan`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>he\'a0fodpanne</ets>.]</ety> <def>The brainpan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Headpiece</h1>
<Xpage=677>

<hw>Head"piece`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Head.</def>

<blockquote>In his <b>headpiece</b> he felt a sore pain.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cap of defense; especially, an open one, as distinguished from the closed helmet of the Middle Ages.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Understanding; mental faculty.</def>

<blockquote>Eumenes had the best <b>headpiece</b> of all Alexander's captains.
<i>Prideaux.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An engraved ornament at the head of a chapter, or of a page.</def>

<h1>Headquarters</h1>
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<hw>Head"quar`ters</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[but sometimes used as a <tt>n. sing.</tt>]</ety> <def>The quarters or place of residence of any chief officer, as the general in command of an army, or the head of a police force; the place from which orders or instructions are issued; hence, the center of authority or order.</def>

<blockquote>The brain, which is the <b>headquarters</b>, or office, of intelligence.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Headrace</h1>
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<hw>Head"race`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Race</er>, a water course.</def>

<h1>HeadRome</h1>
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<hw>Head"Rome`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Headway</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Headrope</h1>
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<hw>Head"rope`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>That part of a boltrope which is sewed to the upper edge or head of a sail.</def>

<h1>Headsail</h1>
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<hw>Head"sail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Any sail set forward of the foremast.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Headshake</h1>
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<hw>Head`shake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A significant shake of the head, commonly as a signal of denial.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Headship</h1>
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<hw>Head"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Authority or dignity; chief place.</def>

<h1>Headsman</h1>
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<hw>Heads"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Headsmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>An executioner who cuts off heads.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Headspring</h1>
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<hw>Head"spring`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fountain; source.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>headspring</b> of our belief.
<i>Stapleton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Headstall</h1>
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<hw>Head"stall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That part of a bridle or halter which encompasses the head.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Headstock</h1>
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<hw>Head"stock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A part (usually separate from the bed or frame) for supporting some of the principal working parts of a machine</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The part of a lathe that holds the revolving spindle and its attachments; -- also called <altname>poppet head</altname>, the opposite corresponding part being called a <i>tailstock</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The part of a planing machine that supports the cutter, etc.</def>

<h1>Headstone</h1>
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<hw>Head"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The principal stone in a foundation; the chief or corner stone.</def>

<i>Ps. cxviii. 22.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The stone at the head of a grave.</def>

<h1>Headstrong</h1>
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<hw>Head"strong`</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not easily restrained; ungovernable; obstinate; stubborn.</def>

<blockquote>Not let <b>headstrong</b> boy my will control.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Directed by ungovernable will, or proceeding from obstinacy.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Violent; obstinate; ungovernable; unratable; stubborn; unruly; venturesome; heady.</syn>

<h1>Headstrongness</h1>
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<hw>Head"strong`ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Obstinacy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gayton.</i>

<h1>Headtire</h1>
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<hw>Head"tire`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A headdress.</def> "A <i>headtire</i> of fine linen."

<i>1 Edras iii. 6.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The manner of dressing the head, as at a particular time and place.</def>

<h1>Headway</h1>
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<hw>Head"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The progress made by a ship in motion; hence, progress or success of any kind.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Clear space under an arch, girder, and the like, sufficient to allow of easy passing underneath.</def><-- = clearance, or headroom[Brit.] -->

<h1>Headwork</h1>
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<hw>Head"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mental labor.</def>

<h1>Heady</h1>
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<hw>Head"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Head</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Willful; rash; precipitate; hurried on by will or passion; ungovernable.</def>

<blockquote>All the talent required is to be hot, to be <b>heady</b>, -- to be violent on one side or the other.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Apt to affect the head; intoxicating; strong.</def>

<blockquote>The liquor is too <b>heady</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Violent; impetuous.</def> "A <i>heady</i> currance."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Heal</h1>
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<hw>Heal</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hele</er>.]</ety> <def>To cover, as a roof, with tiles, slate, lead, or the like.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Heal</h1>
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<hw>Heal</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Healed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Healing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>helen</ets>, <ets>h\'91len</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'d6lan</ets>, fr. <ets>h\'bel</ets> hale, sound, whole; akin to OS. <ets>h&emac;lian</ets>, D. <ets>heelen</ets>, G. <ets>heilen</ets>, Goth. <ets>hailjan</ets>. See <er>Whole</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make hale, sound, or whole; to cure of a disease, wound, or other derangement; to restore to soundness or health.</def>

<blockquote>Speak the word only, and my servant shall be <b>healed</b>.
<i>Matt. viii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To remove or subdue; to cause to pass away; to cure; -- said of a disease or a wound.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>heal</b> their backsliding.
<i>Hos. xiv. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To restore to original purity or integrity.</def>

<blockquote>Thus saith the Lord, I have <b>healed</b> these waters.
<i>2 Kings ii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To reconcile, as a breach or difference; to make whole; to free from guilt; as, to <b>heal</b> dissensions</def>.

<h1>Heal</h1>
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<hw>Heal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow sound; to return to a sound state; <as>as, the limb <ex>heals</ex>, or the wound <ex>heals</ex></as>; -- sometimes with <i>up</i> or <i>over</i>; <as>as, it will <ex>heal</ex> up, or over</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Those wounds <b>heal</b> ill that men do give themselves.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heal</h1>
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<hw>Heal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/lu</ets>, <ets>h<?/l</ets>. See <er>Heal</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Health.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Healable</h1>
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<hw>Heal"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being healed.</def>

<h1>Healall</h1>
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<hw>Heal"all`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A common herb of the Mint family (<spn>Brunela vulgaris</spn>), destitute of active properties, but anciently thought a panacea.</def>

<h1>Heald</h1>
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<hw>Heald</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[CF. <er>Heddle</er>.]</ety> <def>A heddle.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Healful</h1>
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<hw>Heal"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending or serving to heal; healing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ecclus. xv. 3.</i>

<h1>Healing</h1>
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<hw>Heal"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to cure; soothing; mollifying; <as>as, the <ex>healing</ex> art; a <ex>healing</ex> salve; <ex>healing</ex> words.</as></def>

<blockquote>Here <b>healing</b> dews and balms abound.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Healingly</h1>
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<hw>Heal"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to heal or cure.</def>

<h1>Health</h1>
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<hw>Health</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>helthe</ets>, AS. <ets>h</ets><?/lp, fr. <ets>h\'bel</ets> hale, sound, whole. See <er>Whole</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being hale, sound, or whole, in body, mind, or soul; especially, the state of being free from physical disease or pain.</def>

<blockquote>There is no <b>health</b> in us.
<i>Book of Common Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Though <b>health</b> may be enjoyed without gratitude, it can not be sported with without loss, or regained by courage.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wish of health and happiness, as in pledging a person in a toast.</def> "Come, love and <i>health</i> to all."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Bill of health</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bill</er>.</cd> -- <col>Health lift</col>, <cd>a machine for exercise, so arranged that a person lifts an increasing weight, or moves a spring of increasing tension, in such a manner that most of the muscles of the body are brought into gradual action; -- also called <altname>lifting machine</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Health officer</col>, <cd>one charged with the enforcement of the sanitary laws of a port or other place.</cd> -- <col>To drink a health</col>. <cd>See under <er>Drink</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Healthful</h1>
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<hw>Health"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of health; free from illness or disease; well; whole; sound; healthy; <as>as, a <ex>healthful</ex> body or mind; <ex>a healthful</ex> plant.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Serving to promote health of body or mind; wholesome; salubrious; salutary; <as>as, a <ex>healthful</ex> air, diet</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>healthful</b> Spirit of thy grace.
<i>Book of Common Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Indicating, characterized by, or resulting from, health or soundness; <as>as, a <ex>healthful</ex> condition</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A mind . . . <b>healthful</b> and so well-proportioned.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Well-disposed; favorable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Gave <b>healthful</b> welcome to their shipwrecked guests.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Healthfully</h1>
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<hw>Health"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In health; wholesomely.</def>

<h1>Healthfulness</h1>
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<hw>Health"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being healthful.</def>

<h1>Healthily</h1>
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<hw>Health"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a healthy manner.</def>

<h1>Healthiness</h1>
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<hw>Health"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being healthy or healthful; freedom from disease.</def>

<h1>Healthless</h1>
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<hw>Health"less</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without health, whether of body or mind; in firm.</def> "A <i>healthless</i> or old age."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not conducive to health; unwholesome.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Healthlessness</h1>
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<hw>Health"less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being health<?/ess.</def>

<h1>Healthsome</h1>
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<hw>Health"some</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wholesome; salubrious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Healthsome</i> air."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Healthward</h1>
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<hw>Health"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>In the direction of health; <as>as, a <ex>healthward</ex> tendency</as>.</def>

<h1>Healthy</h1>
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<hw>Health"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Healthier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Healthiest</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being in a state of health; enjoying health; hale; sound; free from disease; <as>as, a <ex>healthy</ex> chid; a <ex>healthy</ex> plant.</as></def>

<blockquote>His mind was now in a firm and <b>healthy</b> state.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Evincing health; <as>as, a <ex>healthy</ex> pulse; a <ex>healthy</ex> complexion.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Conducive to health; wholesome; salubrious; salutary; <as>as, a <ex>healthy</ex> exercise; a <ex>healthy</ex> climate.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Vigorous; sound; hale; salubrious; healthful; wholesome; salutary.</syn>

<h1>Heam</h1>
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<hw>Heam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. cid<ets>hamma</ets> womb, OD. <ets>hamme</ets> afterbirth, LG. <ets>hamen</ets>.]</ety> <def>The afterbirth or secundines of a beast.</def>

<h1>Heap</h1>
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<hw>Heap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>heep</ets>, <ets>heap</ets>, heap, multitude, AS. <ets>he\'a0p</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>h<?/p</ets>, D. <ets>hoop</ets>, OHG. <ets>houf</ets>, <ets>h<?/fo</ets>, G. <ets>haufe</ets>, <ets>haufen</ets>, Sw. <ets>hop</ets>, Dan. <ets>hob</ets>., Icel. <ets>h<?/pr</ets> troop, flock, Russ. <ets>kupa</ets> heap, crowd, Lith. <ets>kaupas</ets>. Cf. <er>Hope</er>, in <ets>Forlorn hope</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A crowd; a throng; a multitude or great number of persons.</def> <mark>[Now Low or Humorous]</mark>

<blockquote>The wisdom of a <b>heap</b> of learned men.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>heap</b> of vassals and slaves.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He had <b>heaps</b> of friends.
<i>W.Black.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A great number or large quantity of things not placed in a pile.</def> <mark>[Now Low or Humorous]</mark>

<blockquote>A vast <b>heap</b>, both of places of scripture and quotations.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have noticed a <b>heap</b> of things in my life.
<i>R. L. Stevenson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pile or mass; a collection of things laid in a body, or thrown together so as to form an elevation; <as>as, a <ex>heap</ex> of earth or stones</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Huge <b>heaps</b> of slain around the body rise.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<-- (Computer programming) The main segment of memory available for dynamic assignment -->

<h1>Heap</h1>
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<hw>Heap</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Heaped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Heaping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>he\'a0pian</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To collect in great quantity; to amass; to lay up; to accumulate; -- usually with <i>up</i>; <as>as, to <ex>heap</ex> up treasures</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Though he <b>heap</b> up silver as the dust.
<i>Job. xxvii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To throw or lay in a heap; to make a heap of; to pile; <as>as, to <ex>heap</ex> stones</as>; -- often with <i>up</i>; <as>as, to <i>heap</i> up earth</as>; or with <i>on</i>; <as>as, to <ex>heap</ex> on wood or coal</as>.</def>

<hr>
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Page 678<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To form or round into a heap, as in measuring; to fill (a measure) more than even full.</def>

<h1>Heaper</h1>
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<hw>Heap"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who heaps, piles, or amasses.</def>

<h1>Heapy</h1>
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<hw>Heap"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lying in heaps.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Hear</h1>
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<hw>Hear</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Heard</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>heren</ets>, AS,. <ets>hi\'82ran</ets>, <ets>h</ets><?/<ets>ran</ets>, <ets>h</ets><?/<ets>ran</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>h<?/rian</ets>, OFries. <ets>hera</ets>, <ets>hora</ets>, D. <ets>hooren</ets>, OHG. <ets>h<?/ren</ets>, G. <ets>h\'94ren</ets>, Icel. <ets>heyra</ets>, Sw: <ets>h\'94ra</ets>, Dan. <ets>hore</ets>, Goth. <ets>hausjan</ets>, and perh. to Gr. <?/, E. <ets>acoustic</ets>. Cf. <er>Hark</er>, <er>Hearken</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To perceive by the ear; to apprehend or take cognizance of by the ear; <as>as, to <ex>hear</ex> sounds; to <ex>hear</ex> a voice; to <ex>hear</ex> one call.</as></def>

<blockquote>Lay thine ear close to the ground, and list if thou canst <b>hear</b> the tread of travelers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He had been <b>heard</b> to utter an ominous growl.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give audience or attention to; to listen to; to heed; to accept the doctrines or advice of; to obey; to examine; to try in a judicial court; <as>as, to <ex>hear</ex> a recitation; to <ex>hear</ex> a class; the case will be <ex>heard</ex> to-morrow.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To attend, or be present at, as hearer or worshiper; <as>as, to <ex>hear</ex> a concert; to <ex>hear</ex> Mass.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give attention to as a teacher or judge.</def>

<blockquote>Thy matters are good and right, but there is no man deputed of the king to <b>hear</b> thee.
<i>2 Sam. xv. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I beseech your honor to <b>hear</b> me one single word.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To accede to the demand or wishes of; to listen to and answer favorably; to favor.</def>

<blockquote>I love the Lord, because he hath <b>heard</b> my voice.
<i>Ps. cxvi. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They think that they shall be <b>heard</b> for their much speaking.
<i>Matt. vi. 7.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Hear him</col>. <cd>See Remark, under <er>Hear</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></cd> -- <col>To hear a bird sing</col>, <cd>to receive private communication. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To hear say</col>, <cd>to hear one say; to learn by common report; to receive by rumor. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Hear</h1>
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<hw>Hear</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have the sense or faculty of perceiving sound.</def> "The <i>Hearing</i> ear."

<i>Prov. xx. 12.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To use the power of perceiving sound; to perceive or apprehend by the ear; to attend; to listen.</def>

<blockquote>So spake our mother Eve, and Adam <b>heard</b>,
Well pleased, but answered not.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be informed by oral communication; to be told; to receive information by report or by letter.</def>

<blockquote>I have <b>heard</b>, sir, of such a man.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I must <b>hear</b> from thee every day in the hour.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To hear ill</col>, <cd>to be blamed. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd>

<blockquote>Not only within his own camp, but also now at Rome, he <b>heard ill</b> for his temporizing and slow proceedings.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To hear well</col>, <cd>to be praised.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>

<note>&hand; <i>Hear</i>, or <i>Hear him</i>, is often used in the imperative, especially in the course of a speech in English assemblies, to call attention to the words of the speaker.</note>

<blockquote><b>Hear him</b>, . . . a cry indicative, according to the tone, of admiration, acquiescence, indignation, or derision.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heard</h1>
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<hw>Heard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Hear</er>.</def>

<h1>Hearer</h1>
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<hw>Hear"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hears; an auditor.</def>

<h1>Hearing</h1>
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<hw>Hear"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or power of perceiving sound; perception of sound; the faculty or sense by which sound is perceived; <as>as, my <ex>hearing</ex> is good</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I have heard of thee by the <b>hearing</b> of the ear.
<i>Job xlii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Hearing in a special sensation, produced by stim<?/<?/ation of the auditory nerve; the stimulus (waves of sound) acting not directly on the nerve, but through the medium of the endolymph on the delicate epithelium cells, constituting the peripheral terminations of the nerve. See <er>Ear</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attention to what is delivered; opportunity to be heard; audience; <as>as, I could not obtain a <ex>hearing</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A listening to facts and evidence, for the sake of adjudication; a session of a court for considering proofs and determining issues.</def>

<blockquote>His last offenses to us
Shall have judicious <b>hearing</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Another <b>hearing</b> before some other court.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Hearing</i>, as applied to equity cases, means the same thing that the word <i>trial</i> does at law.</note>

<i>Abbot.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Extent within which sound may be heard; sound; earshot.</def> "She's not within <i>hearing</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>They laid him by the pleasant shore,
And in the <b>hearing</b> of the wave.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hearken</h1>
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<hw>Heark"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hearkened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hearkening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hercnen</ets>, <ets>hercnien</ets>, AS. <ets>hercnian</ets>, <ets>heorcnian</ets>, fr. <ets>hi\'82ran</ets>, <ets>h<?/ran</ets>, to hear; akin to OD. <ets>harcken</ets>, <ets>horcken</ets>, LG. <ets>harken</ets>, <ets>horken</ets>, G. <ets>horchen</ets>. See <er>Hear</er>, and cf. <er>Hark</er>..]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To listen; to lend the ear; to attend to what is uttered; to give heed; to hear, in order to obey or comply.</def>

<blockquote>The Furies <b>hearken</b>, and their snakes uncurl.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Hearken</b>, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the judgments, which I teach you.
<i>Deut. iv. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inquire; to seek information.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Hearken</i> after their offense."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To attend; listen; hear; heed. See <er>Attend</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></syn>

<h1>Hearken</h1>
<Xpage=678>

<hw>Heark"en</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hear by listening.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>[She] <b>hearkened</b> now and then
Some little whispering and soft groaning sound.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give heed to; to hear attentively.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The King of Naples . . . <b>hearkens</b> my brother's suit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To hearken out</col>, <cd>to search out. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote>If you find none, you must <b>hearken out</b> a vein and buy.
<i>B. Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hearkener</h1>
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<hw>Heark"en*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hearkens; a listener.</def>

<h1>Hearsal</h1>
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<hw>Hear"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rehearsal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Hearsay</h1>
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<hw>Hear"say`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Report; rumor; fame; common talk; something heard from another.</def>

<blockquote>Much of the obloquy that has so long rested on the memory of our great national poet originated in frivolous <b>hearsays</b> of his life and conversation.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Hearsay evidence</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>that species of testimony which consists in a a narration by one person of matters told him by another. It is, with a few exceptions, inadmissible as testimony.</cd></cs>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Hearse</h1>
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<hw>Hearse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A hind in the year of its age.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Hearse</h1>
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<hw>Hearse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Herse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A framework of wood or metal placed over the coffin or tomb of a deceased person, and covered with a pall; also, a temporary canopy bearing wax lights and set up in a church, under which the coffin was placed during the funeral ceremonies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Oxf. Gloss.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A grave, coffin, tomb, or sepulchral monument.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "Underneath this marble <i>hearse</i>."

<i>B. Johnson.</i>

<blockquote>Beside the <b>hearse</b> a fruitful palm tree grows.
<i>Fairfax</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who lies beneath this sculptured <b>hearse</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A bier or handbarrow for conveying the dead to the grave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Set down, set down your honorable load,
It honor may be shrouded in a <b>hearse</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A carriage specially adapted or used for conveying the dead to the grave.</def>

<h1>Hearse</h1>
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<hw>Hearse</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inclose in a hearse; to entomb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Would she were <i>hearsed</i> at my foot."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hearsecloth</h1>
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<hw>Hearse"cloth`</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cloth for covering a coffin when on a bier; a pall.</def>

<i>Bp. Sanderson.</i>

<h1>Hearselike</h1>
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<hw>Hearse"like"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suitable to a funeral.</def>

<blockquote>If you listen to David's harp, you shall hear as many <b>hearselike</b> airs as carols.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heart</h1>
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<hw>Heart</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>harte</ets>, <ets>herte</ets>, <ets>heorte</ets>, AS. <ets>heorte</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>herta</ets>, OFies. <ets>hirte</ets>, D. <ets>hart</ets>, OHG. <ets>herza</ets>, G. <ets>herz</ets>, Icel. <ets>hjarta</ets>, Sw. <ets>hjerta</ets>, Goth. <ets>ha\'a1rt<?/</ets>, Lith. <ets>szirdis</ets>, Russ. <ets>serdtse</ets>, Ir. <ets>cridhe</ets>, L. cor, Gr. <?/, <?/ <?/<?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Accord</er>, <er>Discord</er>, <er>Cordial</er>, 4th <er>Core</er>, <er>Courage</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.</def>

<blockquote>Why does my blood thus muster to my <b>heart</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In adult mammals and birds, the heart is four-chambered, the right auricle and ventricle being completely separated from the left auricle and ventricle; and the blood flows from the systematic veins to the right auricle, thence to the right ventricle, from which it is forced to the lungs, then returned to the left auricle, thence passes to the left ventricle, from which it is driven into the systematic arteries. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Aorta</er>. In fishes there are but one auricle and one ventricle, the blood being pumped from the ventricle through the gills to the system, and thence returned to the auricle. In most amphibians and reptiles, the separation of the auricles is partial or complete, and in reptiles the ventricles also are separated more or less completely.
   The so-called <i>lymph hearts</i>, found in many amphibians, reptiles, and birds, are contractile sacs, which pump the lymph into the veins.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The seat of the affections or sensibilities, collectively or separately, as love, hate, joy, grief, courage, and the like; rarely, the seat of the understanding or will; -- usually in a good sense, when no epithet is expressed; the better or lovelier part of our nature; the spring of all our actions and purposes; the seat of moral life and character; the moral affections and character itself; the individual disposition and character; <as>as, a good, tender, loving, bad, hard, or selfish <ex>heart</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hearts</b> are dust, <b>hearts'</b> loves remain.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The nearest the middle or center; the part most hidden and within; the inmost or most essential part of any body or system; the source of life and motion in any organization; the chief or vital portion; the center of activity, or of energetic or efficient action; <as>as, the <ex>heart</ex> of a country, of a tree, etc</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Exploits done in the <b>heart</b> of France.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Peace subsisting at the <b>heart</b>
Of endless agitation.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Courage; courageous purpose; spirit.</def>

<blockquote>Eve, recovering <b>heart</b>, replied.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The expelled nations take <b>heart</b>, and when they fly from one country invade another.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Vigorous and efficient activity; power of fertile production; condition of the soil, whether good or bad.</def>

<blockquote>That the spent earth may gather <b>heart</b> again.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>That which resembles a heart in shape; especially, a roundish or oval figure or object having an obtuse point at one end, and at the other a corresponding indentation, -- used as a symbol or representative of the heart.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>One of a series of playing cards, distinguished by the figure or figures of a heart; <as>as, <ex>hearts</ex> are trumps</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Vital part; secret meaning; real intention.</def>

<blockquote>And then show you the <b>heart</b> of my message.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A term of affectionate or kindly and familiar address.</def> "I speak to thee, my <i>heart</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; <ex>Heart</ex> is used in many compounds, the most of which need no special explanation; as, <ex>heart</ex>-appalling, <ex>heart</ex>-breaking, <ex>heart</ex>-cheering, <ex>heart</ex>-chilled, <ex>heart</ex>-expanding, <ex>heart</ex>-free, <ex>heart</ex>-hardened, <ex>heart</ex>-heavy, <ex>heart</ex>-purifying, <ex>heart</ex>-searching, <ex>heart</ex>-sickening, <ex>heart</ex>-sinking, <ex>heart</ex>-stirring, <ex>heart</ex>-touching, <ex>heart</ex>-wearing, <ex>heart</ex>-whole, <ex>heart</ex>-wounding, <ex>heart</ex>-wringing, etc.</note>

<cs><col>After one's own heart</col>, <cd>conforming with one's inmost approval and desire; as, a friend <i>after my own heart<i>.</cd>

<blockquote>The Lord hath sought him a man <b>after his own heart</b>.
<i>1 Sam. xiii. 14.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>At heart</col>, <cd>in the inmost character or disposition; at bottom; really; as, he is <i>at heart</i> a good man.</cd> -- <col>By heart</col>, <cd>in the closest or most thorough manner; as, to know or learn <i>by heart</i>. "Composing songs, for fools to get <i>by heart</i>" (that is, to commit to memory, or to learn thoroughly). <i>Pope</i>.</cd> -- <col>For my heart</col>, <cd>for my life; if my life were at stake. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "I could not get him <i>for my heart</i> to do it." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Heart bond</col> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>a bond in which no header stone stretches across the wall, but two headers meet in the middle, and their joint is covered by another stone laid header fashion. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Heart and hand</col>, <cd>with enthusiastic co\'94peration.</cd> -- <col>Heart hardness</col>, <cd>hardness of heart; callousness of feeling; moral insensibility. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Heart heaviness</col>, <cd>depression of spirits. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Heart point</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>the fess point. See <er>Escutcheon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Heart rising</col>, <cd>a rising of the heart, as in opposition.</cd> -- <col>Heart shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any marine, bivalve shell of the genus <spn>Cardium</spn> and allied genera, having a heart-shaped shell; esp., the European <spn>Isocardia cor</spn>; -- called also <altname>heart cockle</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Heart sickness</col>, <cd>extreme depression of spirits.</cd> -- <col>Heart and soul</col>, <cd>with the utmost earnestness.</cd> -- <col>Heart urchin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any heartshaped, spatangoid sea urchin. See <er>Spatangoid</er>.</cd> -- <col>Heart wheel</col>, <cd>a form of cam, shaped like a heart. See <er>Cam</er>.</cd> -- <col>In good heart</col>, <cd>in good courage; in good hope.</cd> -- <col>Out of heart</col>, <cd>discouraged.</cd> -- <col>Poor heart</col>, <cd>an exclamation of pity.</cd> -- <col>To break the heart of</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To bring to despair or hopeless grief; to cause to be utterly cast down by sorrow.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To bring almost to completion; to finish very nearly; -- said of anything undertaken; as, he has <i>broken the heart</i> of the task.</cd> -- <col>To find in the heart</col>, <cd>to be willing or disposed. "I could <i>find in my heart</i> to ask your pardon." <i>Sir P. Sidney</i>.</cd> -- <col>To have at heart</col>, <cd>to desire (anything) earnestly.</cd> -- <col>To have in the heart</col>, <cd>to purpose; to design or intend to do.</cd> -- <col>To have the heart in the mouth</col>, <cd>to be much frightened.</cd> -- <col>To lose heart</col>, <cd>to become discouraged.</cd> -- <col>To lose one's heart</col>, <cd>to fall in love.</cd> -- <col>To set the heart at rest</col>, <cd>to put one's self at ease.</cd> -- <col>To set the heart upon</col>, <cd>to fix the desires on; to long for earnestly; to be very fond of.</cd> -- <col>To take heart of grace</col>, <cd>to take courage.</cd> -- <col>To take to heart</col>, <cd>to grieve over.</cd> -- <col>To wear one's heart upon one's sleeve</col>, <cd>to expose one's feelings or intentions; to be frank or impulsive.</cd> -- <col>With all one's whole heart</col>, <cd>very earnestly; fully; completely; devotedly.</cd></cs>

<h1>Heart</h1>
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<hw>Heart</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give heart to; to hearten; to encourage; to inspirit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>My cause is <b>hearted</b>; thine hath no less reason.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heart</h1>
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<hw>Heart</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form a compact center or heart; <as>as, a <ex>hearting</ex> cabbage</as>.</def>

<h1>Heartache</h1>
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<hw>Heart"ache`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>heortece</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sorrow; anguish of mind; mental pang.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Heartbreak</h1>
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<hw>Heart"break`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Crushing sorrow or grief; a yielding to such grief.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Heartbreaking</h1>
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<hw>Heart"break`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing overpowering sorrow.</def>

<h1>Heartbroken</h1>
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<hw>Heart"bro`ken</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Overcome by crushing sorrow; deeply grieved.</def>

<h1>Heartburn</h1>
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<hw>Heart"burn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An uneasy, burning sensation in the stomach, often attended with an inclination to vomit. It is sometimes idiopathic, but is often a symptom of often complaints.</def>

<h1>Heartburned</h1>
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<hw>Heart"burned`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having heartburn.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Heartburning</h1>
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<hw>Heart"burn`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing discontent.</def>

<h1>Heartburning</h1>
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<hw>Heart"burn`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Heartburn</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Discontent; secret enmity.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<blockquote>The transaction did not fail to leave <b>heartburnings</b>.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heartdear</h1>
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<hw>Heart"dear`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sincerely beloved.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Heartdeep</h1>
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<hw>Heart"deep`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rooted in the heart.</def>

<i>Herbert.</i>

<h1>Heart-eating</h1>
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<hw>Heart"-eat`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Preying on the heart.</def>

<h1>Hearted</h1>
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<hw>Heart"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a heart; having (such) a heart (regarded as the seat of the affections, disposition, or character).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Shaped like a heart; cordate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Landor.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Seated or laid up in the heart.</def>

<blockquote>I hate the Moor: my cause is <b>hearted</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word is chiefly used in composition; as, hard-<i>hearted</i>, faint-<i>hearted</i>, kind-<i>hearted</i>, lion-<i>hearted</i>, stout-<i>hearted</i>, etc. Hence the nouns hard-<i>hearted</i>ness, faint-<i>hearted</i>ness, etc.</note>

<h1>Heartedness</h1>
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<hw>Heart"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Earnestness; sincerity; heartiness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<note>&hand; See also the Note under <er>Hearted</er>. The analysis of the compounds gives <i>hard-hearted</i> + -<i>ness</i>, rather than <i>hard</i> + <i>heartedness</i>, etc.</note>

<h1>Hearten</h1>
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<hw>Heart"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Heart</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To encourage; to animate; to incite or stimulate the courage of; to embolden.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hearten</b> those that fight in your defense.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To restore fertility or strength to, as to land.</def>

<h1>Heartener</h1>
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<hw>Heart"en*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, heartens, animates, or stirs up.</def>

<i>W. Browne.</i>

<h1>Heartfelt</h1>
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<hw>Heart"felt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hearty; sincere.</def>

<h1>Heartgrief</h1>
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<hw>Heart"grief`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Heartache; sorrow.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Hearth</h1>
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<hw>Hearth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>harthe</ets>, <ets>herth</ets>, <ets>herthe</ets>, AS. <ets>heor<?/</ets>; akin to D. <ets>haard</ets>, <ets>heerd</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'84rd</ets>, G. <ets>herd</ets>; cf. Goth. <ets>ha\'a3ri</ets> a coal, Icel. <ets>hyrr</ets> embers, and L. <ets>cremare</ets> to burn.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The pavement or floor of brick, stone, or metal in a chimney, on which a fire is made; the floor of a fireplace; also, a corresponding part of a stove.</def>

<blockquote>There was a fire on the <b>hearth</b> burning before him.
<i>Jer. xxxvi. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where fires thou find'st unraked and <b>hearths</b> unswept.
There pinch the maids as blue as bilberry.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The house itself, as the abode of comfort to its inmates and of hospitality to strangers; fireside.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Metal. & Manuf.)</fld> <def>The floor of a furnace, on which the material to be heated lies, or the lowest part of a melting furnace, into which the melted material settles.</def>

<cs><col>Hearth ends</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>fragments of lead ore ejected from the furnace by the blast.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Hearth money</col>, <col>Hearth penny</col></mcol> <ety>[AS. <ets>heor&edh;pening<ets>]</ety>, a <cd>tax formerly laid in England on hearths, each hearth (in all houses paying the church and poor rates) being taxed at two shillings; -- called also <altname>chimney money</altname>, etc.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>He had been importuned by the common people to relieve them from the . . . burden of the <b>hearth money</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hearthstone</h1>
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<hw>Hearth"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Stone forming the hearth; hence, the fireside; home.</def>

<blockquote>Chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and <b>hearthstone</b>.
<i>A. Lincoln.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heartily</h1>
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<hw>Heart"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Hearty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>From the heart; with all the heart; with sincerity.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>heartily</b> forgive them.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With zeal; actively; vigorously; willingly; cordially; <as>as, he <ex>heartily</ex> assisted the prince</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To eat heartily</col>, <cd>to eat freely and with relish.</cd></cs>

<i>Addison.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Sincerely; cordially; zealously; vigorously; actively; warmly; eagerly; ardently; earnestly.</syn>

<hr>
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Page 679<p>

<h1>Heariness</h1>
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<hw>Hear"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being hearty; <as>as, the <ex>heartiness</ex> of a greeting</as>.</def>

<h1>Heartless</h1>
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<hw>Heart"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without a heart.</def>

<blockquote>You have left me <b>heartess</b>; mine is in your bosom.
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destitute of courage; spiritless; despodent.</def>

<blockquote><b>Heartless</b> they fought, and quitted soon their ground.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Heartless</b> and melancholy.
<i>W. Irwing.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Destitute of feeling or affection; unsympathetic; cruel.</def> "The <i>heartless</i> parasites."

<i>Byron.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Heart"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Heart"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Heartlet</h1>
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<hw>Heart"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n..</tt> <def>A little heart.</def>

<h1>Heartlings</h1>
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<hw>Heart"lings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>An exclamation used in addressing a familiar acquaintance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Heartpea</h1>
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<hw>Heart"pea`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Heartseed</er>.</def>

<h1>Heartquake</h1>
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<hw>Heart"quake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Trembling of the heart; trepidation; fear.</def>

<blockquote>In many an hour of danger and <b>heartquake</b>.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heartrending</h1>
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<hw>Heart"rend`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing intense grief; overpowering with anguish; very distressing.</def>

<h1>Heart-robbing</h1>
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<hw>Heart"-rob`bing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Depriving of thought; ecstatic.</def> "<i>Heart-robbing</i> gladness."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Stealing the heart or affections; winning.</def>

<h1>Heart's-ease</h1>
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<hw>Heart's"-ease`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ease of heart; peace or tranquillity of mind or feeling.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of violet (<spn>Viola tricolor</spn>); -- called also <altname>pansy</altname>.</def>

<h1>Heartseed</h1>
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<hw>Heart"seed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A climbing plant of the genus <spn>Cardiospermum</spn>, having round seeds which are marked with a spot like a heart.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<h1>Heartshaped</h1>
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<hw>Heart"shaped`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the shape of a heart; cordate</def>.

<h1>Heartsick</h1>
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<hw>Heart"sick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>heorise\'a2c</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sick at heart; extremely depressed in spirits; very despondent.</def>

<h1>Heartsome</h1>
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<hw>Heart"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Merry; cheerful; lively.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Heart-spoon</h1>
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<hw>Heart"-spoon`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A part of the breastbone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He feeleth through the <b>herte-spon</b> the pricke.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heartstricken</h1>
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<hw>Heart"strick`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shocked; dismayed.</def>

<h1>Heartstrike</h1>
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<hw>Heart"strike`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To affect at heart; to shock.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The seek to <i>heartstrike</i> us."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Heartstring</h1>
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<hw>Heart"string`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nerve or tendon, supposed to brace and sustain the heart.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Sobbing, as if a <b>hearstring</b> broke.
<i>Moore.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heartstruck</h1>
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<hw>Heart"struck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Driven to the heart; infixed in the mind.</def> "His <i>heartstruck</i> injuries."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Shocked with pain, fear, or remorse; dismayed; heartstricken.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Heartswelling</h1>
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<hw>Heart"swell`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rankling in, or swelling, the heart.</def> "<i>Heartswelling</i> hate."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Heart-whole</h1>
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<hw>Heart"-whole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Whole</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the heart or affections free; not in love.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With unbroken courage; undismayed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of a single and sincere heart.</def>

<blockquote>If he keeps <b>heart-whole</b> towards his Master.
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heartwood</h1>
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<hw>Heart"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The hard, central part of the trunk of a tree, consisting of the old and matured wood, and usually differing in color from the outer layers. It is technically known as <i>duramen</i>, and distinguished from the softer <i>sapwood</i> or <i>alburnum</i>.</def>

<h1>Heart-wounded</h1>
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<hw>Heart"-wound`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wounded to the heart with love or grief.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Hearty</h1>
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<hw>Heart"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Heartier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Heartiest</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the heart; warm; cordial; bold; zealous; sincere; willing; also, energetic; active; eager; <as>as, a <ex>hearty</ex> welcome; <ex>hearty</ex> in supporting the government.</as></def>

<blockquote>Full of <b>hearty</b> tears
For our good father's loss.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exhibiting strength; sound; healthy; firm; not weak; <as>as, a <ex>hearty</ex> timber</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Promoting strength; nourishing; rich; abundant; <as>as, <ex>hearty</ex> food; a <ex>hearty</ex> meal.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Sincere; real; unfeigned; undissembled; cordial; earnest; warm; zealous; ardent; eager; active; vigorous.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Hearty</er>, <er>Cordial</er>, <er>Sincere</er>. <i>Hearty</i> implies honesty and simplicity of feelings and manners; <i>cordial</i> refers to the warmth and liveliness with which the feelings are expressed; <i>sincere</i> implies that this expression corresponds to the real sentiments of the heart. A man should be <i>hearty</i> in his attachment to his friends, <i>cordial</i> in his reception of them to his house, and <i>sincere</i> in his offers to assist them.</usage>

<h1>Hearty</h1>
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<hw>Heart"y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hearties</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def> Comrade; boon companion; good fellow; -- a term of familiar address and fellowship among sailors.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Heartyhale</h1>
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<hw>Heart"y*hale`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Good for the heart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Heat</h1>
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<hw>Heat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hete</ets>, <ets>h\'91te</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/tu</ets>, <ets>h<?/to</ets>, fr. <ets>h\'bet</ets> hot; akin to OHG. <ets>heizi</ets> heat, Dan. <ets>hede</ets>, Sw. <ets>hetta</ets>. See <er>Hot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation, and which, as manifested in fire, the sun's rays, mechanical action, chemical combination, etc., becomes directly known to us through the sense of feeling. In its nature heat is a mode if motion, being in general a form of molecular disturbance or vibration. It was formerly supposed to be a subtile, imponderable fluid, to which was given the name <i>caloric</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; As affecting the human body, heat produces different sensations, which are called by different names, as heat or sensible heat, warmth, cold, etc., according to its degree or amount relatively to the normal temperature of the body.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sensation caused by the force or influence of heat when excessive, or above that which is normal to the human body; the bodily feeling experienced on exposure to fire, the sun's rays, etc.; the reverse of <i>cold</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>High temperature, as distinguished from low temperature, or cold; <as>as, the <ex>heat</ex> of summer and the cold of winter; <ex>heat</ex> of the skin or body in fever, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Else how had the world . . .
Avoided pinching cold and scorching <b>heat</b>!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Indication of high temperature; appearance, condition, or color of a body, as indicating its temperature; redness; high color; flush; degree of temperature to which something is heated, as indicated by appearance, condition, or otherwise.</def>

<blockquote>It has raised . . . <b>heats</b> in their faces.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>heats</b> smiths take of their iron are a blood-red <b>heat</b>, a white-flame <b>heat</b>, and a sparking or welding <b>heat</b>.
<i>Moxon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A single complete operation of heating, as at a forge or in a furnace; <as>as, to make a horseshoe in a certain number of <ex>heats</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A violent action unintermitted; a single effort; a single course in a race that consists of two or more courses; <as>as, he won two <ex>heats</ex> out of three</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Many causes . . . for refreshment betwixt the <b>heats</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[He] struck off at one <b>heat</b> the matchless tale of "Tam o'Shanter."
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; <as>as, the <ex>heat</ex> of battle or party</as>.</def> "The <i>heat</i> of their division."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement; exasperation.</def> "The <i>head</i> and hurry of his rage."

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Animation, as in discourse; ardor; fervency.</def>

<blockquote>With all the strength and <b>heat</b> of eloquence.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Sexual excitement in animals.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Fermentation.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Animal heat</col>, <col>Blood heat</col>, <col>Capacity for heat</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Animal</er>, <er>Blood</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Atomic heat</col> (<fld>Chem.</fld>), <cd>the product obtained by multiplying the atomic weight of any element by its specific heat. The atomic heat of all solid elements is nearly a constant, the mean value being 6.4.</cd> -- <col>Dynamical theory of heat</col>, <cd>that theory of heat which assumes it to be, not a peculiar kind of matter, but a peculiar motion of the ultimate particles of matter.</cd> <col>Heat engine</col></mcol>, <cd>any apparatus by which a heated substance, as a heated fluid, is made to perform work by giving motion to mechanism, as a hot-air engine, or a steam engine.</cd> -- <col>Heat producers</col>. <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Food</er>.</cd> -- <col>Heat rays</col>, <cd>a term formerly applied to the rays near the red end of the spectrum, whether within or beyond the visible spectrum.</cd> -- <col>Heat weight</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the product of any quantity of heat by the mechanical equivalent of heat divided by the absolute temperature; -- called also <altname>thermodynamic function</altname>, and <altname>entropy</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Mechanical equivalent of heat</col>. <cd>See under <er>Equivalent</er>.</cd> -- <col>Specific heat of a substance</col><cd> (at any temperature), the number of units of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of the substance at that temperature one degree.</cd> -- <col>Unit of heat</col>, <cd>the quantity of heat required to raise, by one degree, the temperature of a unit mass of water, initially at a certain standard temperature. The temperature usually employed is that of 0&deg; Centigrade, or 32&deg; Fahrenheit.</cd></cs>

<h1>Heat</h1>
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<hw>Heat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Heated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Heating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>heten</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/tan</ets>, fr. <ets>h\'bet</ets> hot. See <er>Hot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make hot; to communicate heat to, or cause to grow warm; <as>as, to <ex>heat</ex> an oven or furnace, an iron, or the like</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Heat</b> me these irons hot.
<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To excite or make hot by action or emotion; to make feverish.</def>

<blockquote>Pray, walk softly; do not <b>heat</b> your blood.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To excite ardor in; to rouse to action; to excite to excess; to inflame, as the passions.</def>

<blockquote>A noble emulation <b>heats</b> your breast.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heat</h1>
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<hw>Heat</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grow warm or not by the action of fire or friction, etc., or the communication of heat; <as>as, the iron or the water <ex>heats</ex> slow<?/y</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grow warm or hot by fermentation, or the development of heat by chemical action; <as>as, green hay <ex>heats</ex> in a mow, and manure in the dunghill</as>.</def>

<h1>Heat</h1>
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<hw>Heat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Heat</er>.</ety> <def>Heated; <as>as, the iron though <ex>heat</ex> red-hot</as></def>. <mark>[Obs. or Archaic.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Heater</h1>
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<hw>Heat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, heats.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any contrivance or implement, as a furnace, stove, or other heated body or vessel, etc., used to impart heat to something, or to contain something to be heated.</def>

<cs><col>Feed heater</col>. <cd>See under <er>Feed</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Heath</h1>
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<hw>Heath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>heth</ets> waste land, the plant heath, AS. <ets>h<?/<?/</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>heide</ets>, Icel. <ets>hei<?/r</ets> waste land, Dan. <ets>hede</ets>, Sw. <ets>hed</ets>, Goth. <ets>haipi</ets> field, L. <ets>bucetum</ets> a cow pasture; cf. W. <ets>coed</ets> a wood, Skr. <ets>ksh<?/tra</ets> field. &root;20.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A low shrub (<spn>Erica, &or; Calluna, vulgaris</spn>), with minute evergreen leaves, and handsome clusters of pink flowers. It is used in Great Britain for brooms, thatch, beds for the poor, and for heating ovens. It is also called <altname>heather</altname>, and <altname>ling</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Also, any species of the genus <spn>Erica</spn>, of which several are European, and many more are South African, some of great beauty. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Heather</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place overgrown with heath; any cheerless tract of country overgrown with shrubs or coarse herbage.</def>

<blockquote>Their stately growth, though bare,
Stands on the blasted <b>heath</b>.
<i>Milton</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Heath cock</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the blackcock. See <cref>Heath grouse</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Heath grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of perennial grass, of the genus <spn>Triodia</spn> (<spn>T. decumbens</spn>), growing on dry heaths.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Heath grouse</col>, &or; <col>Heath game</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European grouse (<spn>Tetrao tetrix</spn>), which inhabits heats; -- called also <altname>black game</altname>, <altname>black grouse</altname>, <altname>heath poult</altname>, <altname>heath fowl</altname>, <altname>moor fowl</altname>. The male is called, <altname>heath cock</altname>, and <altname>blackcock</altname>; the female, <altname>heath hen</altname>, and <altname>gray hen</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Heath hen</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Heath grouse</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Heath pea</col> <fld>(bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of bitter vetch (<spn>Lathyris macrorhizus</spn>), the tubers of which are eaten, and in Scotland are used to flavor whisky.</cd> -- <col>Heath throstle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European thrush which frequents heaths; the ring ouzel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Heathclad</h1>
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<hw>Heath"clad`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Clad or crowned with heath.</def>

<h1>Heathen</h1>
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<hw>Hea"then</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Heathens</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> or <i>collectively</i> <plw>Heathen</plw></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>hethen</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/<?/en</ets>, prop. an adj. fr. <ets>h<?/<?/</ets> heath, and orig., therefore, one who lives in the country or on the heaths and in the woods (cf. <ets>pagan</ets>, fr. <ets>pagus</ets> village); akin to OS. <ets>h<?/<?/in</ets>, adj., D. <ets>heiden</ets> a heathen, G. <ets>heide</ets>, OHG. <ets>heidan</ets>, Icel. <ets>hei<?/inn</ets>, adj., Sw. <ets>heden</ets>, Goth. <ets>haipn<?/</ets>, <tt>n.</tt> fem. See <er>Heath</er>, and cf. <er>Hoiden</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An individual of the pagan or unbelieving nations, or those which worship idols and do not acknowledge the true God; a pagan; an idolater.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An irreligious person.</def>

<blockquote>If it is no more than a moral discourse, he may preach it and they may hear it, and yet both continue unconverted <b>heathens</b>.
<i>V. Knox.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The heathen</col>, <cd>as the term is used in the Scriptures, all people except the Jews; now used of all people except Christians, Jews, and Mohammedans.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Ask of me, and I shall give thee the <b>heathen</b> for thine inheritance.
<i>Ps. ii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Pagan; gentile. See <er>Pagan</er>.</syn>

<h1>Heathen</h1>
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<hw>Hea"then</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Gentile; pagan; <as>as, a <ex>heathen</ex> author</as>.</def> "The <i>heathen</i> philosopher."  "All in gold, like <i>heathen</i> gods."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Barbarous; unenlightened; heathenish.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Irreligious; scoffing.</def>

<h1>Heathendom</h1>
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<hw>Hea"then*dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h&aemac;&edh;end&omac;m</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That part of the world where heathenism prevails; the heathen nations, considered collectively.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Heathenism.</def>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Heathenesse</h1>
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<hw>Hea"then*esse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h&aemac;&edh;ennes</ets>, i. e., heathenness.]</ety> <def>Heathendom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Heathenish</h1>
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<hw>Hea"then*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h&aemac;&edh;enisc</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the heathen; resembling or characteristic of heathens.</def> "Worse than <i>heathenish</i> crimes."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rude; uncivilized; savage; cruel.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Irreligious; <as>as, a <ex>heathenish</ex> way of living</as>.</def>

<h1>Heathenishly</h1>
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<hw>Hea"then*ish"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a heathenish manner.</def>

<h1>Heathenishness</h1>
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<hw>Hea"then*ish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being heathenish.</def> "The . . . <i>heathenishness</i> and profaneness of most playbooks."

<i>Prynne.</i>

<h1>Heathenism</h1>
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<hw>Hea"then*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The religious system or rites of a heathen nation; idolatry; paganism.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The manners or morals usually prevalent in a heathen country; ignorance; rudeness; barbarism.</def>

<h1>Heathenize</h1>
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<hw>Hea"then*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Heathenized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Heathenizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To render heathen or heathenish.</def>

<i>Firmin.</i>

<h1>Heathenness</h1>
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<hw>Hea"then*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Heathenesse</er>.]</ety> <def>State of being heathen or like the heathen.</def>

<h1>Heathenry</h1>
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<hw>Hea"then*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state, quality, or character of the heathen.</def>

<blockquote>Your <b>heathenry</b> and your laziness.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Heathendom; heathen nations.</def>

<h1>Heather</h1>
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<hw>Heath"er</hw> <tt>(?; 277. This is the only pronunciation in Scotland)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Heath</er>.]</ety> <def>Heath.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>Gorse and grass
And <b>heather</b>, where his footsteps pass,
The brighter seem.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Heather bell</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>one of the pretty subglobose flowers of two European kinds of heather (<spn>Erica Tetralix</spn>, and <spn>E. cinerea</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Heathery</h1>
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<hw>Heath"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Heathy; abounding in heather; of the nature of heath.</def>

<h1>Heathy</h1>
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<hw>Heath"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of heath; abounding with heath; <as>as, <ex>heathy</ex> land; <ex>heathy</ex> hills.</as></def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Heating</h1>
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<hw>Heat"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That heats or imparts heat; promoting warmth or heat; exciting action; stimulating; <as>as, <ex>heating</ex> medicines or applications</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Heating surface</col> <fld>(Steam Boilers)</fld>, <cd>the aggregate surface exposed to fire or to the heated products of combustion, esp. of all the plates or sheets that are exposed to water on their opposite surfaces; -- called also <altname>fire surface</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Heatingly</h1>
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<hw>Heat"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a heating manner; so as to make or become hot or heated.</def>

<h1>Heatless</h1>
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<hw>Heat"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of heat; cold.</def> <i>Beau. & Fl</i>.

<h1>Heave</h1>
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<hw>Heave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Heaved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, or <er>Hove</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Heaved</er>, <er>Hove</er>, formerly <er>Hoven</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Heaving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>heven</ets>, <ets>hebben</ets>, As. <ets>hebban</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>hebbian</ets>, D. <ets>heffen</ets>, OHG. <ets>heffan</ets>, <ets>hevan</ets>, G. <ets>heven</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'84fva</ets>, Dan. <ets>h\'91ve</ets>, Goth. <ets>hafjan</ets>, L. <ets>capere</ets> to take, seize; cf. Gr. <?/ handle. Cf. <er>Accept</er>, <er>Behoof</er>, <er>Capacious</er>, <er>Forceps</er>, <er>haft</er>, <er>Receipt</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to move upward or onward by a lifting effort; to lift; to raise; to hoist; -- often with <i>up</i>; <as>as, the wave <ex>heaved</ex> the boat on land</as>.</def>

<blockquote>One <b>heaved</b> ahigh, to be hurled down below.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Heave</i>, as now used, implies that the thing raised is heavy or hard to move; but formerly it was used in a less restricted sense.</note>

<blockquote>Here a little child I stand,
<b>Heaving</b> up my either hand.
<i>Herrick.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To throw; to cast; -- obsolete, provincial, or colloquial, except in certain nautical phrases; <as>as, to <ex>heave</ex> the lead; to <ex>heave</ex> the log.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To force from, or into, any position; to cause to move; also, to throw off; -- mostly used in certain nautical phrases; <as>as, to <ex>heave</ex> the ship ahead</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To raise or force from the breast; to utter with effort; <as>as, to <ex>heave</ex> a sigh</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The wretched animal <b>heaved</b> forth such groans.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To cause to swell or rise, as the breast or bosom.</def>

<blockquote>The glittering, finny swarms
That <b>heave</b> our friths, and crowd upon our shores.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To heave a cable short</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to haul in cable till the ship is almost perpendicularly above the anchor.</cd> -- <col>To heave a ship ahead</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to warp her ahead when not under sail, as by means of cables.</cd> -- <col>To heave a ship down</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to throw or lay her down on one side; to careen her.</cd> -- <col>To heave a ship to</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to bring the ship's head to the wind, and stop her motion.</cd> -- <col>To heave about</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to put about suddenly.</cd> -- <col>To heave in</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to shorten (cable).</cd> -- <col>To heave in stays</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to put a vessel on the other tack.</cd> -- <col>To heave out a sail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to unfurl it.</cd> -- <col>To heave taut</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to turn a capstan, etc., till the rope becomes strained. See <er>Taut</er>, and <er>Tight</er>.</cd> -- <col>To heave the lead</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to take soundings with lead and line.</cd> -- <col>To heave the log</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Log</er>.</cd> -- <col>To heave up anchor</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to raise it from the bottom of the sea or elsewhere.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="680">
Page 680<p>

<h1>Heave</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be thrown up or raised; to rise upward, as a tower or mound.</def>

<blockquote>And the huge columns <b>heave</b> into the sky.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where <b>heaves</b> the turf in many a moldering heap.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>heaving</b> sods of Bunker Hill.
<i>E. Everett.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rise and fall with alternate motions, as the lungs in heavy breathing, as waves in a heavy sea, as ships on the billows, as the earth when broken up by frost, etc.; to swell; to dilate; to expand; to distend; hence, to labor; to struggle.</def>

<blockquote>Frequent for breath his panting bosom <b>heaves</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>heaving</b> plain of ocean.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make an effort to raise, throw, or move anything; to strain to do something difficult.</def>

<blockquote>The Church of England had struggled and <b>heaved</b> at a reformation ever since Wyclif's days.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make an effort to vomit; to retch; to vomit.</def>

<cs><col>To heave at</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To make an effort at.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To attack, to oppose. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Fuller</i>.</cd> -- <col>To heave in sight</col> <cd>(as a ship at sea), to come in sight; to appear.</cd> -- <col>To heave up</col>, <cd>to vomit. <mark>[Low]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Heave</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heave</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An effort to raise something, as a weight, or one's self, or to move something heavy.</def>

<blockquote>After many strains and <b>heaves</b>
He got up to his saddle eaves.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An upward motion; a rising; a swell or distention, as of the breast in difficult breathing, of the waves, of the earth in an earthquake, and the like.</def>

<blockquote>There's matter in these sighs, these profound <b>heaves</b>,
You must translate.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>None could guess whether the next <b>heave</b> of the earthquake would settle . . . or swallow them.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A horizontal dislocation in a metallic lode, taking place at an intersection with another lode.</def>

<h1>Heaven</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>heven</ets>, <ets>hefen</ets>, <ets>heofen</ets>, AS. <ets>heofon</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>hevan</ets>, LG. <ets>heben</ets>, <ets>heven</ets>, Icel. <ets>hifinn</ets>; of uncertain origin, cf. D. <ets>hemel</ets>, G. <ets>himmel</ets>, Icel. <ets>himmin</ets>, Goth. <ets>himins</ets>; perh. akin to, or influenced by, the root of E. <ets>heave</ets>, or from a root signifying <ets>to cover</ets>, cf. Goth. <ets>gaham<?/n</ets> to put on, clothe one's self, G. <ets>hemd</ets> shirt, and perh. E. <ets>chemise</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The expanse of space surrounding the earth; esp., that which seems to be over the earth like a great arch or dome; the firmament; the sky; the place where the sun, moon, and stars appear; -- often used in the plural in this sense.</def>

<blockquote>I never saw the <b>heavens</b> so dim by day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When my eyes shall be turned to behold for the last time the sun in <b>heaven</b>.
<i>D. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The dwelling place of the Deity; the abode of bliss; the place or state of the blessed after death.</def>

<blockquote>Unto the God of love, high <b>heaven's</b> King.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is a knell
That summons thee to <b>heaven</b> or to hell.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>New thoughts of God, new hopes of <b>Heaven</b>.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In this general sense <i>heaven</i> and its corresponding words in other languages have as various definite interpretations as there are phases of religious belief.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The sovereign of heaven; God; also, the assembly of the blessed, collectively; -- used variously in this sense, as in No. 2.</def>

<blockquote>Her prayers, whom <b>Heaven</b> delights to hear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The will
And high permission of all-ruling <b>Heaven</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any place of supreme happiness or great comfort; perfect felicity; bliss; a sublime or exalted condition; <as>as, a <ex>heaven</ex> of delight</as>.</def> "A <i>heaven</i> of beauty." <i>Shak</i>. "The brightest <i>heaven</i> of invention."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>O bed! bed! delicious bed!
That <b>heaven</b> upon earth to the weary head!
<i>Hood.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Heaven</i> is very often used, esp. with participles, in forming compound words, most of which need no special explanation; as, <i>heaven</i>-appeasing, <i>heaven</i>-aspiring, <i>heaven</i>-begot, <i>heaven</i>-born, <i>heaven</i>-bred, <i>heaven</i>-conducted, <i>heaven</i>-descended, <i>heaven</i>-directed, <i>heaven</i>-exalted, <i>heaven</i>-given, <i>heaven</i>-guided, <i>heaven</i>-inflicted, <i>heaven</i>-inspired, <i>heaven</i>-instructed, <i>heaven</i>-kissing, <i>heaven</i>-loved, <i>heaven</i>-moving, <i>heaven</i>-protected, <i>heaven</i>-taught, <i>heaven</i>-warring, and the like.</note>

<h1>Heaven</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"en</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Heavened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Heavening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To place in happiness or bliss, as if in heaven; to beatify.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>We are happy as the bird whose nest
Is <b>heavened</b> in the hush of purple hills.
<i>G. Massey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heavenize</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"en*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render like heaven or fit for heaven.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Heavenliness</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"en*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Heavenly</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being heavenly.</def>

<i>Sir J. Davies.</i>

<h1>Heavenly</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"en*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>heofonic</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, resembling, or inhabiting heaven; celestial; not earthly; <as>as, <ex>heavenly</ex> regions; <ex>heavenly</ex> music.</as></def>

<blockquote>As is the <b>heavenly</b>, such are they also that are <b>heavenly</b>.
<i>1 Cor. xv. 48.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Appropriate to heaven in character or happiness; perfect; pure; supremely blessed; <as>as, a <ex>heavenly</ex> race; the <ex>heavenly</ex>, throng.</as></def>

<blockquote>The love of heaven makes one <b>heavenly</b>.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heavenly</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"en*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a manner resembling that of heaven.</def> "She was <i>heavenly</i> true."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By the influence or agency of heaven.</def>

<blockquote>Out <b>heavenly</b> guided soul shall climb.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heavenlyminded</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"en*ly*mind`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the thoughts and affections placed on, or suitable for, heaven and heavenly objects; devout; godly; pious.</def> <i>Milner</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Heav"en*ly*mind`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Heavenward</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"en*ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a & adv.</tt> <def>Toward heaven.</def>

<h1>Heave offering</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heave" of`fer*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld> <def>An offering or oblation heaved up or elevated before the altar, as the shoulder of the peace offering. See <er>Wave offering</er>.</def>
<-- sic!? -->

<i>Ex. xxix. 27.</i>

<h1>Heaver</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, heaves or lifts; a laborer employed on docks in handling freight; <as>as, a coal <ex>heaver</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A bar used as a lever.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Heaves</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heaves</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A disease of horses, characterized by difficult breathing, with heaving of the flank, wheezing, flatulency, and a peculiar cough; broken wind.</def>

<h1>Heavily</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From 2d <er>Heavy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a heavy manner; with great weight; <as>as, to bear <ex>heavily</ex> on a thing; to be <ex>heavily</ex> loaded.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Heavily</b> interested in those schemes of emigration.
<i>The Century.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>As if burdened with a great weight; slowly and laboriously; with difficulty; hence, in a slow, difficult, or suffering manner; sorrowfully.</def>

<blockquote>And took off their chariot wheels, that they drave them <b>heavily</b>.
<i>Ex. xiv. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Why looks your grace so <b>heavily</b> to-day?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heaviness</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being heavy in its various senses; weight; sadness; sluggishness; oppression; thickness.</def>

<h1>Heaving</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lifting or rising; a swell; a panting or deep sighing.</def>

<i>Addison. Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heavisome</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"i*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Heavy; dull.</def> <mark>[Prov.]</mark>

<h1>Heavy</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the heaves.</def>

<h1>Heavy</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Heavier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Heaviest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hevi</ets>, AS. <ets>hefig</ets>, fr. <ets>hebban</ets> to lift, heave; akin to OHG. <ets>hebig</ets>, <ets>hevig</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'94figr</ets>, <ets>h\'94fugr</ets>. See <er>Heave</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Heaved or lifted with labor; not light; weighty; ponderous; <as>as, a <ex>heavy</ex> stone; hence, sometimes, large in extent, quantity, or effects; <as>as, a <ex>heavy</ex> fall of rain or snow; a <ex>heavy</ex> failure; <ex>heavy</ex> business transactions, etc.</as>; often implying strength; <as>as, a <ex>heavy</ex> barrier</as>; also, difficult to move; <as>as, a <ex>heavy</ex> draught</as>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not easy to bear; burdensome; oppressive; hard to endure or accomplish; hence, grievous, afflictive; <as>as, <ex>heavy</ex> yokes, expenses, undertakings, trials, news, etc</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The hand of the Lord was <b>heavy</b> upon them of Ashdod.
<i>1 Sam. v. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The king himself hath a <b>heavy</b> reckoning to make.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sent hither to impart the <b>heavy</b> news.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Trust him not in matter of <b>heavy</b> consequence.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Laden with that which is weighty; encumbered; burdened; bowed down, either with an actual burden, or with care, grief, pain, disappointment.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>heavy</b> [sorrowing] nobles all in council were.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A light wife doth make a <b>heavy</b> husband.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Slow; sluggish; inactive; or lifeless, dull, inanimate, stupid; <as>as, a <ex>heavy</ex> gait, looks, manners, style, and the like; a <ex>heavy</ex> writer or book.</as></def>

<blockquote>Whilst the <b>heavy</b> plowman snores.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Of a <b>heavy</b>, dull, degenerate mind.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Neither [is] his ear <b>heavy</b>, that it can not hear.
<i>Is. lix. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Strong; violent; forcible; <as>as, a <ex>heavy</ex> sea, storm, cannonade, and the like</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Loud; deep; -- said of sound; <as>as, <ex>heavy</ex> thunder</as>.</def>

<blockquote>But, hark! that <b>heavy</b> sound breaks in once more.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Dark with clouds, or ready to rain; gloomy; -- said of the sky.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Impeding motion; cloggy; clayey; -- said of earth; <as>as, a <ex>heavy</ex> road, soil, and the like</as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Not raised or made light; <as>as, <ex>heavy</ex> bread</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Not agreeable to, or suitable for, the stomach; not easily digested; -- said of food.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Having much body or strength; -- said of wines, or other liquors.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>With child; pregnant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<cs><col>Heavy artillery</col>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Guns of great weight or large caliber, esp. siege, garrison, and seacoast guns.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Troops which serve heavy guns.</cd> -- <col>Heavy cavalry</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cavalry</er>.</cd> -- <col>Heavy fire</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a continuous or destructive cannonading, or discharge of small arms.</cd> -- <col>Heavy metal</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>large guns carrying balls of a large size; also, large balls for such guns.</cd><-- a type of rock music (1970's), with a hard beat, amplified electronically --> -- <col>Heavy metals</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Metal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Heavy weight</col>, <cd>in wrestling, boxing, etc., a term applied to the heaviest of the classes into which contestants are divided. Cf. <cref>Feather weight</cref> <sd>(c)</sd>, under <er>Feather</er>.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; <i>Heavy</i> is used in composition to form many words which need no special explanation; as, <i>heavy</i>-built, <i>heavy</i>-browed, <i>heavy</i>-gaited, etc.</note>

<h1>Heavy</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"y</hw><def>, adv. Heavily; -- sometimes used in composition; <as>as, <ex>heavy</ex>-laden</as>.</def>

<h1>Heavy</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"y</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make heavy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Heavy-armed</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"y-armed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Wearing heavy or complete armor; carrying heavy arms.</def>

<h1>Heavy-haded</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"y-had"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Clumsy; awkward.</def>

<h1>Heavy-headed</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"y-head"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dull; stupid.</def> "Gross <i>heavy-headed</i> fellows."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Heavy spar</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heav"y spar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native barium sulphate or barite, -- so called because of its high specific gravity as compared with other non-metallic minerals.</def>

<h1>Hebdomad</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heb"do*mad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hebdomas</ets>, <ets>-adis</ets>, Gr. <grk>"ebdoma`s</grk> the number seven days, fr. <?/ seventh, <?/ seven. See <er>Seven</er>.]</ety> <def>A week; a period of seven days.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Hebdomadal, Hebdomadary</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw><hw>Heb*dom"a*dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Heb*dom"a*da*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hebdomadalis</ets>, LL. <ets>hebdomadarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hebdomadaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of seven days, or occurring at intervals of seven days; weekly.</def>

<h1>Hebdomadally</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heb*dom"a*dal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In periods of seven days; weekly.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Hebdomadary</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heb*dom"a*da*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>hebdomadarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hebdomadier</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A member of a chapter or convent, whose week it is to officiate in the choir, and perform other services, which, on extraordinary occasions, are performed by the superiors.</def>

<h1>Hebdomatical</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heb`do*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hebdomaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Weekly; hebdomadal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hebe</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>He"be</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <grk>"h`bh</grk> youth, <grk>"H`bh</grk> Hebe.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The goddess of youth, daughter of Jupiter and Juno. She was believed to have the power of restoring youth and beauty to those who had lost them.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African ape; the hamadryas.</def>

<h1>Heben</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heb"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ebony.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Hebenon</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heb"e*non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Henbane</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hebetate</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heb"e*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hebetated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hebetating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>hebetatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>hebetare</ets> to dull. See <er>Hebete</er>.]</ety> <def>To render obtuse; to dull; to blunt; to stupefy; <as>as, to <ex>hebetate</ex> the intellectual faculties</as>.</def>

<i>Southey</i>

<h1>Hebetate</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heb"e*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Obtuse; dull.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a dull or blunt and soft point.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Hebetation</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heb`e*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hebetatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>h\'82b\'82tation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of making blunt, dull, or stupid.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being blunted or dulled.</def>

<h1>Hebete</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>He*bete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hebes</ets>, <ets>hebetis</ets>, dull, stupid, fr. <ets>hebere</ets> to be dull.]</ety> <def>Dull; stupid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hebetude</h1>
<Xpage=680>

<hw>Heb"e*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hebetudo</ets>.]</ety> <def>Dullness; stupidity.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Hebraic</h1>
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<hw>He"bra"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Hebraicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>hebra\'8bque</ets>. See <er>Hebrew</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Hebrews, or to the language of the Hebrews.</def>

<h1>Hebraically</h1>
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<hw>He*bra"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>After the manner of the Hebrews or of the Hebrew language.</def>

<h1>Hebraism</h1>
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<hw>He"bra*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>h\'82bra\'8bsme</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A Hebrew idiom or custom; a peculiar expression or manner of speaking in the Hebrew language.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The type of character of the Hebrews.</def>

<blockquote>The governing idea of <b>Hebraism</b> is strictness of conscience.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hebraist</h1>
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<hw>He"bra*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>h\'82bra\'8bste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in the Hebrew language and learning.</def>

<h1>Hebraistic</h1>
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<hw>He`bra*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the Hebrew language or idiom.</def>

<h1>Hebraistically</h1>
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<hw>He`bra*is"tic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a Hebraistic sense or form.</def>

<blockquote>Which is <b>Hebraistically</b> used in the New Testament.
<i>Kitto.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hebraize</h1>
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<hw>He"bra*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to speak Hebrew: cf. F. <ets>h\'82bra\'8bser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To convert into the Hebrew idiom; to make Hebrew or Hebraistic.</def>

<i>J. R. Smith.</i>

<h1>Hebraize</h1>
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<hw>He"bra*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hebraized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hebraizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To speak Hebrew, or to conform to the Hebrew idiom, or to Hebrew customs.</def>

<h1>Hebrew</h1>
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<hw>He"brew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>H\'82breu</ets>, L. <ets>Hebraeus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. Heb. <ets>'ibhr\'c6</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An appellative of Abraham or of one of his descendants, esp. in the line of Jacob; an Israelite; a Jew.</def>

<blockquote>There came one that had escaped and told Abram the <b>Hebrew</b>.
<i>Gen. xiv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The language of the Hebrews; -- one of the Semitic family of languages.</def>

<h1>Hebrew</h1>
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<hw>He"brew</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Hebrews; <as>as, the <ex>Hebrew</ex> language or rites</as>.</def>

<h1>Hebrewess</h1>
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<hw>He"brew*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An Israelitish woman.</def>

<h1>Hebrician</h1>
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<hw>He*bri"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Hebraist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Hebridean, Hebridian</h1>
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<hw><hw>He*brid"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>He*brid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the islands called Hebrides, west of Scotland.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of the Hebrides.</def></def2>

<h1>Hecatomb</h1>
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<hw>Hec"a*tomb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hecatombe</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ hundred + <?/ ox: cf. F. <ets>h\'82catombe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A sacrifice of a hundred oxen or cattle at the same time; hence, the sacrifice or slaughter of any large number of victims.</def>

<blockquote>Slaughtered <b>hecatombs</b> around them bleed.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>More than a human <b>hecatomb</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hecatompedon</h1>
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<hw>Hec`a*tom"pe*don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hundred feet long, <?/ <?/ the Parthenon; <?/ hundred + <?/ foot.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A name given to the old Parthenon at Athens, because measuring 100 Greek feet, probably in the width across the stylobate.</def>

<h1>Hecdecane</h1>
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<hw>Hec"de*cane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ six + <?/ ten.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, semisolid, spermaceti-like hydrocarbon, <chform>C16H34</chform>, of the paraffin series, found dissolved as an important ingredient of kerosene, and so called because each molecule has sixteen atoms of carbon; -- called also <altname>hexadecane</altname>.</def>

<h1>Heck</h1>
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<hw>Heck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hatch</er> a half door.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hack</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The bolt or latch of a door.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rack for cattle to feed at.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A door, especially one partly of latticework; -- called also <altname>heck door</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A latticework contrivance for catching fish.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>An apparatus for separating the threads of warps into sets, as they are wound upon the reel from the bobbins, in a warping machine.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A bend or winding of a stream.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>Half heck</col>, <cd>the lower half of a door.</cd> -- <col>Heck board</col>, <cd>the loose board at the bottom or back of a cart.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Heck</col> <col>box &or; frame</col></mcol>, <cd>that which carries the heck in warping.</cd></cs>

<h1>Heckimal</h1>
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<hw>Heck"i*mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European blue titmouse (<spn>Parus c\'d2ruleus</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>heckimel</asp>, <asp>hackeymal</asp>, <asp>hackmall</asp>, <asp>hagmall</asp>, and <asp>hickmall</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Heckle</h1>
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<hw>Hec"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hackle</er>.</def>

<h1>Hectare</h1>
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<hw>Hec"tare`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Gr. <?/ hundred + F. <ets>are</ets> an are.]</ety> <def>A measure of area, or superficies, containing a hundred ares, or 10,000 square meters, and equivalent to 2.471 acres.</def>

<h1>Hectic</h1>
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<hw>Hec"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hectique</ets>, Gr. <?/ habitual, consumptive, fr. <?/ habit, a habit of body or mind, fr. <?/ to have; akin to Skr. <ets>sah</ets> to overpower, endure; cf. AS. <ets>sige</ets>, <ets>sigor</ets>, victory, G. <ets>sieg</ets>, Goth. <ets>sigis</ets>. Cf. <er>Scheme</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Habitual; constitutional; pertaining especially to slow waste of animal tissue, as in consumption; <as>as, a <ex>hectic</ex> type in disease; a <ex>hectic</ex> flush.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a hectic condition; having hectic fever; consumptive; <as>as, a <ex>hectic</ex> patient</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Hectic fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a fever of irritation and debility, occurring usually at a advanced stage of exhausting disease, as a in pulmonary consumption.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hectic</h1>
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<hw>Hec"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hectic fever.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hectic flush.</def>

<blockquote>It is no living hue, but a strange <b>hectic</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="681">
Page 681<p>

<h1>Hectocotylized</h1>
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<hw>Hec`to*cot"y*lized</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Changed into a hectocotylus; having a hectocotylis.</def>

<h1>Hectocotylus</h1>
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<hw>Hec`to*cot"y*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hectocotyli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a hundred + <?/ a hollow vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the arms of the male of most kinds of cephalopods, which is specially modified in various ways to effect the fertilization of the eggs. In a special sense, the greatly modified arm of Argonauta and allied genera, which, after receiving the spermatophores, becomes detached from the male, and attaches itself to the female for reproductive purposes.</def>

<h1>Hectogram</h1>
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<hw>Hec"to*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hectogramme</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ hundred + F. <ets>gramme</ets> a gram.]</ety> <def>A measure of weight, containing a hundred grams, or about 3.527 ounces avoirdupois.</def>

<h1>Hectogramme</h1>
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<hw>Hec"to*gramme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The same as <er>Hectogram</er>.</def>

<h1>Hectograph</h1>
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<hw>Hec"to*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hundred + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A contrivance for multiple copying, by means of a surface of gelatin softened with glycerin.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hectograph</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hectoliter, Hectolitre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hec"to*li`ter</hw>, <hw>Hec"to*li`tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hectolitre</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ hundred + F. <ets>litre</ets> a liter.]</ety> <def>A measure of liquids, containing a hundred liters; equal to a tenth of a cubic meter, nearly 26<frac12/ gallons of wine measure, or 22.0097 imperial gallons. As a dry measure, it contains ten decaliters, or about 2<frac56/ Winchester bushels.</def>

<h1>Hectometer, Hectometre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hec"to*me`ter</hw>, <hw>Hec"to*me`tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <?/ <ets>hectom\'8atre</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ hundred + F. <ets>m\'8atre</ets> a meter.]</ety> <def>A measure of length, equal to a hundred meters. It is equivalent to 328.09 feet.</def>

<h1>Hector</h1>
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<hw>Hec"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the Trojan warrior <ets>Hector</ets>, the son of Priam.]</ety> <def>A bully; a blustering, turbulent, insolent, fellow; one who vexes or provokes.</def>

<h1>Hector</h1>
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<hw>Hec"tor</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hectored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hectoring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To treat with insolence; to threaten; to bully; hence, to torment by words; to tease; to taunt; to worry or irritate by bullying.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Hector</h1>
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<hw>Hec"tor</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To play the bully; to bluster; to be turbulent or insolent.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Hectorism</h1>
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<hw>Hec"to*rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The disposition or the practice of a hector; a bullying.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Hectorly</h1>
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<hw>Hec"tor*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a hector; blustering; insolent; taunting.</def> "<i>Hectorly</i>, ruffianlike swaggering or huffing."

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Hectostere</h1>
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<hw>Hec"to*stere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hectost\'8are</ets>; Gr. <?/ hundred + F. <ets>st\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>A measure of solidity, containing one hundred cubic meters, and equivalent to 3531.66 English or 3531.05 United States cubic feet.</def>

<h1>Heddle</h1>
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<hw>Hed"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Heddles</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. <er>Heald</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>One of the sets of parallel doubled threads which, with mounting, compose the harness employed to guide the warp threads to the lathe or batten in a loom.</def>

<h1>Heddle</h1>
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<hw>Hed"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To draw (the warp thread) through the heddle-eyes, in weaving.</def>

<h1>Heddle-eye</h1>
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<hw>Hed"dle-eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>The eye or loop formed in each heddle to receive a warp thread.</def>

<h1>Heddling</h1>
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<hw>Hed"dling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>vb. n.</tt> <def>The act of drawing the warp threads through the heddle-eyes of a weaver's harness; the harness itself.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Hederaceous</h1>
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<hw>Hed`er*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hederaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>hedera</ets> ivy.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, ivy.</def>

<h1>Hederal</h1>
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<hw>Hed"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ivy.</def>

<h1>Hederic</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>He*der"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the ivy (<spn>Hedera</spn>); <as>as, <ex>hederic</ex> acid, an acid of the acetylene series</as>.</def>

<h1>Hederiferous</h1>
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<hw>Hed`er*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hedera</ets> ivy + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing ivy; ivy-bearing.</def>

<h1>Hederose</h1>
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<hw>Hed"er*ose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hederosus</ets>, fr. <ets>hedera</ets> ivy.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or of, ivy; full of ivy.</def>

<h1>Hedge</h1>
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<hw>Hedge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hegge</ets>, AS. <ets>hecg</ets>; akin to <ets>haga</ets> an inclosure, E. <ets>haw</ets>, AS. <ets>hege</ets> hedge, E. <ets>hay</ets>bote, D. <ets>hegge</ets>, OHG. <ets>hegga</ets>, G. <ets>hecke</ets>. &root;12. See <er>Haw</er> a hedge.]</ety> <def>A thicket of bushes, usually thorn bushes; especially, such a thicket planted as a fence between any two portions of land; and also any sort of shrubbery, as evergreens, planted in a line or as a fence; particularly, such a thicket planted round a field to fence it, or in rows to separate the parts of a garden.</def>

<blockquote>The roughest berry on the rudest <b>hedge</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Through the verdant maze
Of sweetbrier <b>hedges</b> I pursue my walk.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Hedge</i>, when used adjectively or in composition, often means <i>rustic</i>, <i>outlandish</i>, <i>illiterate</i>, <i>poor</i>, or <i>mean</i>; as, <i>hedge</i> priest; <i>hedge</i>born, etc.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Hedge bells</col>, <col>Hedge bindweed</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a climbing plant related to the morning-glory (<spn>Convolvulus sepium</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Hedge bill</col>, <cd>a long-handled billhook.</cd> -- <col>Hedge garlic</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Alliaria</spn>. See <cref>Garlic mustard</cref>, under <er>Garlic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hedge hyssop</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a bitter herb of the genus <spn>Gratiola</spn>, the leaves of which are emetic and purgative.</cd> -- <col>Hedge marriage</col>, <cd>a secret or clandestine marriage, especially one performed by a hedge priest.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Hedge mustard</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Sisymbrium</spn>, belonging to the Mustard family.</cd> -- <col>Hedge nettle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an herb, or under shrub, of the genus <spn>Stachys</spn>, belonging to the Mint family. It has a nettlelike appearance, though quite harmless.</cd> -- <col>Hedge note</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The note of a hedge bird.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Low, contemptible writing. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Dryden</i>.</cd> -- <col>Hedge priest</col>, <cd>a poor, illiterate priest. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Hedge school</col>, <cd>an open-air school in the shelter of a hedge, in Ireland; a school for rustics.</cd> -- <col>Hedge sparrow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European warbler (<spn>Accentor modularis</spn>) which frequents hedges. Its color is reddish brown, and ash; the wing coverts are tipped with white. Called also <altname>chanter</altname>, <altname>hedge warbler</altname>, <altname>dunnock</altname>, and <altname>doney</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Hedge writer</col>, <cd>an insignificant writer, or a writer of low, scurrilous stuff. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Swift</i>.</cd> -- <col>To breast up a hedge</col>. <cd>See under <er>Breast</er>.</cd> -- <col>To hang in the hedge</col>, <cd>to be at a standstill.</cd> "While the business of money <i>hangs in the hedge</i>."

<i>Pepys.</i>

<h1>Hedge</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Hedge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hedged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hedging</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To inclose or separate with a hedge; to fence with a thickly set line or thicket of shrubs or small trees; <as>as, to <ex>hedge</ex> a field or garden</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To obstruct, as a road, with a barrier; to hinder from progress or success; -- sometimes with <i>up</i> and <i>out</i>.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>hedge</b> up thy way with thorns.
<i>Hos. ii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lollius Urbius . . . drew another wall . . . to <b>hedge</b> out incursions from the north.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To surround for defense; to guard; to protect; to hem (in).</def> "England, <i>hedged</i> in with the main."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To surround so as to prevent escape.</def>

<blockquote>That is a law to <b>hedge</b> in the cuckoo.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To hedge a bet</col>, <cd>to bet upon both sides; that is, after having bet on one side, to bet also on the other, thus guarding against loss.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hedge</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Hedge</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shelter one's self from danger, risk, duty, responsibility, etc., as if by hiding in or behind a hedge; to skulk; to slink; to shirk obligations.</def>

<blockquote>I myself sometimes, leaving the fear of God on the left hand and hiding mine honor in my necessity, am fain to shuffle, to <b>hedge</b> and to lurch.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Betting)</fld> <def>To reduce the risk of a wager by making a bet against the side or chance one has bet on.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To use reservations and qualifications in one's speech so as to avoid committing one's self to anything definite.</def>

<blockquote>The Heroic Stanzas read much more like an elaborate attempt to <b>hedge</b> between the parties than . . . to gain favor from the Roundheads.
<i>Saintsbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hedgeborn</h1>
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<hw>Hedge"born`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Born under a hedge; of low birth.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hedgebote</h1>
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<hw>Hedge"bote`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Haybote</er>.</def>

<h1>Hedgehog</h1>
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<hw>Hedge"hog`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European insectivore (<spn>Erinaceus Europ\'91us</spn>), and other allied species of Asia and Africa, having the hair on the upper part of its body mixed with prickles or spines. It is able to roll itself into a ball so as to present the spines outwardly in every direction. It is nocturnal in its habits, feeding chiefly upon insects.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Canadian porcupine.</def><mark>[U.S]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of <spn>Medicago</spn> (<spn>M. intertexta</spn>), the pods of which are armed with short spines; -- popularly so called.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A form of dredging machine.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<cs><col>Hedgehog caterpillar</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the hairy larv\'91 of several species of bombycid moths, as of the Isabella moth. It curls up like a hedgehog when disturbed. See <er>Woolly bear</er>, and <er>Isabella moth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hedgehog fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any spinose plectognath fish, esp. of the genus <spn>Diodon</spn>; the porcupine fish.</cd> -- <col>Hedgehog grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a grass with spiny involucres, growing on sandy shores; burgrass (<spn>Cenchrus tribuloides</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Hedgehog rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several West Indian rodents, allied to the porcupines, but with ratlike tails, and few quills, or only stiff bristles. The hedgehog rats belong to <spn>Capromys</spn>, <spn>Plagiodon</spn>, and allied genera.</cd> -- <col>Hedgehog shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any spinose, marine, univalve shell of the genus <spn>Murex</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Hedgehog thistle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the Cactus family, globular in form, and covered with spines (<spn>Echinocactus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Sea hedgehog</col>. <cd>See <er>Diodon</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hedgeless</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Hedge"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no hedge.</def>

<h1>Hedgepig</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Hedge"pig`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A young hedgehog.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hedger</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Hedg"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes or mends hedges; also, one who hedges, <as>as, in betting</as>.</def>

<h1>Hedgerow</h1>
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<hw>Hedge"row`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A row of shrubs, or trees, planted for inclosure or separation of fields.</def>

<blockquote>By <b>hedgerow</b> elms and hillocks green.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hedging bill</h1>
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<hw>Hedg"ing bill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A hedge bill. See under <er>Hedge</er>.</def>

<h1>Hedonic</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>He*don"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ pleasure, <?/ sweet, pleasant.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to pleasure.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or relating to Hedonism or the Hedonic sect.</def>

<h1>Hedonistic</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Hed`o*nis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hedonic</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Heed</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Heed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Heeded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Heeding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>heden</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/dan</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>h</ets><?/<ets>dian</ets>, D. <ets>hoeden</ets>, Fries. <ets>hoda</ets>, OHG. <ets>huoten</ets>, G. <ets>h\'81ten</ets>, Dan. <ets>hytte</ets>.<?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Hood</er>.]</ety> <def>To mind; to regard with care; to take notice of; to attend to; to observe.</def>

<blockquote>With pleasure Argus the musician <b>heeds</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To notice; regard; mind. See <er>Attend</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></syn>

<h1>Heed</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Heed</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To mind; to consider.</def>

<h1>Heed</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Heed</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Attention; notice; observation; regard; -- often with <i>give</i> or <i>take</i>.</def>

<blockquote>With wanton <b>heed</b> and giddy cunning.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Amasa took no <b>heed</b> to the sword that was in Joab's hand.
<i>2 Sam. xx. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Birds give more <b>heed</b> and mark words more than beasts.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Careful consideration; obedient regard.</def>

<blockquote>Therefore we ought to give the more earnest <b>heed</b> to the things which we have heard.
<i>Heb. ii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A look or expression of heading.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He did it with a serious mind; a <b>heed</b>
Was in his countenance.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heedful</h1>
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<hw>Heed"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of heed; regarding with care; cautious; circumspect; attentive; vigilant.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Heed"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Heed"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Heedless</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Heed"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without heed or care; inattentive; careless; thoughtless; unobservant.</def>

<blockquote>O, negligent and <b>heedless</b> discipline!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>heedless</b> lover does not know
Whose eyes they are that wound him so.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Heed"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Heed"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Heedy</h1>
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<hw>Heed"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Heedful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Heedy</i> shepherds." <i>Spenser</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Heed"i*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wf>Heed"i*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Spenser.</i></wordforms>

<h1>Heel</h1>
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<hw>Heel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>helden</ets> to lean, incline, AS. <ets>heldan</ets>, <ets>hyldan</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>halla</ets>, Dan. <ets>helde</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'84lla</ets> to tilt, pour, and perh. to E. <ets>hill</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To lean or tip to one side, as a ship; <as>as, the ship <ex>heels</ex> aport; the boat <ex>heeled</ex> over when the squall struck it.</as></def>

<cs><col>Heeling error</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a deviation of the compass caused by the heeling of an iron vessel to one side or the other.</cd></cs>

<h1>Heel</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Heel</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hele</ets>, <ets>heele</ets>, AS. <ets>h&emac;la</ets>, perh. for <ets>h&omac;hila</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>h&emac;h</ets> heel (cf. <er>Hough</er>); but cf. D. <ets>hiel</ets>, OFries. <ets>heila</ets>, <ets>h<?/la</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'91ll</ets>, Dan. <ets>h\'91l</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'84l</ets>, and L. <ets>calx</ets>. &root;12. Cf. <er>Inculcate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The hinder part of the foot; sometimes, the whole foot; -- in man or quadrupeds.</def>

<blockquote>He [the stag] calls to mind his strength and then his speed,
His winged <b>heels</b> and then his armed head.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The hinder part of any covering for the foot, as of a shoe, sock, etc.; specif., a solid part projecting downward from the hinder part of the sole of a boot or shoe.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The latter or remaining part of anything; the closing or concluding part.</def> "The <i>heel</i> of a hunt." <i>A. Trollope</i>. "The <i>heel</i> of the white loaf." <i>Sir W. Scott</i>.

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything regarded as like a human heel in shape; a protuberance; a knob.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The part of a thing corresponding in position to the human heel; the lower part, or part on which a thing rests; especially</def>: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The after end of a ship's keel</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The lower end of a mast, a boom, the bowsprit, the sternpost, etc.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>In a small arm, the corner of the but which is upwards in the firing position</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The uppermost part of the blade of a sword, next to the hilt</def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>The part of any tool next the tang or handle; <as>as, the <ex>heel</ex> of a scythe</as></def>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>Management by the heel, especially the spurred heel; <as>as, the horse understands the <ex>heel</ex> well</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The lower end of a timber in a frame, as a post or rafter. In the United States, specif., the obtuse angle of the lower end of a rafter set sloping</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A cyma reversa; -- so called by workmen.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<cs><col>Heel chain</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a chain passing from the bowsprit cap around the heel of the jib boom.</cd> -- <col>Heel plate</col>, <cd>the butt plate of a gun.</cd> -- <col>Heel of a rafter</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Heel</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 7.</cd> -- <col>Heel ring</col>, <cd>a ring for fastening a scythe blade to the snath.</cd> -- <col>Neck and heels</col>, <cd>the whole body. <mark>(Colloq.)</mark></cd> -- <col>To be at the heels of</col>, <cd>to pursue closely; to follow hard: as, hungry want <i>is at</i> my <i>heels</i>. <i>Otway</i>.</cd> -- <col>To be down at the heel</col>, <cd>to be slovenly or in a poor plight.</cd> -- <col>To be out at the heels</col>, <cd>to have on stockings that are worn out; hence, to be shabby, or in a poor plight. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To cool the heels</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cool</er>.</cd> -- <col>To go heels over head</col>, <cd>to turn over so as to bring the heels uppermost; hence, to move in a inconsiderate, or rash, manner.</cd> -- <col>To have the heels of</col>, <cd>to outrun.</cd> -- <col>To lay by the heels</col>, <cd>to fetter; to shackle; to imprison. <i>Shak</i>. <i>Addison</i>.</cd> -- <col>To show the heels</col>, <cd>to flee; to run from.</cd> -- <col>To take to the heels</col>, <cd>to flee; to betake to flight.</cd> -- <col>To throw up another's heels</col>, <cd>to trip him. <i>Bunyan</i>.</cd> -- <col>To tread upon one's heels</col>, <cd>to follow closely. <i>Shak</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Heel</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Heel</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Heeled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Heeling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To perform by the use of the heels, as in dancing, running, and the like.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I cannot sing,
Nor <b>heel</b> the high lavolt.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To add a heel to; <as>as, to <ex>heel</ex> a shoe</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To arm with a gaff, as a cock for fighting.</def>

<h1>Heelball</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Heel"ball`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A composition of wax and lampblack, used by shoemakers for polishing, and by antiquaries in copying inscriptions.</def>

<h1>Heeler</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Heel"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cock that strikes well with his heels or spurs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dependent and subservient hanger-on of a political patron.</def> <mark>[Political Cant, U. S.]</mark>

<blockquote>The army of hungry <b>heelers</b> who do their bidding.
<i>The Century.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heelless</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Heel"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a heel.</def>

<h1>Heelpiece</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Heel"piece`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of armor to protect the heels.</def>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of leather fixed on the heel of a shoe.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The end.</def> "The <i>heelpiece</i> of his book."

<i>Lloyd.</i>

<h1>Heelpost</h1>
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<hw>Heel"post`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>(Naut.) The post supporting the outer end of a propeller shaft.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>The post to which a gate or door is hinged.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Engineering)</fld> <def>The quoin post of a lock gate.</def>

<h1>Heelspur</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Heel"spur`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A slender bony or cartilaginous process developed from the heel bone of bats. It helps to support the wing membranes. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Cheiropter</er>.</def>

<h1>Heeltap</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Heel"tap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the segments of leather in the heel of a shoe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small portion of liquor left in a glass after drinking.</def> "Bumpers around and no <i>heeltaps</i>."

<i>Sheridan.</i>

<h1>Heeltap</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Heel"tap`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Heeltapped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Heeltapping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To add a piece of leather to the heel of (a shoe, boot, etc.)</def>

<h1>Heeltool</h1>
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<hw>Heel"tool`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tool used by turners in metal, having a bend forming a heel near the cutting end.</def>

<h1>Heep</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Heep</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The hip of the dog-rose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Heer</h1>
<Xpage=681>

<hw>Heer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A yarn measure of six hundred yards or <?/\'3c-- fr. 1/24--\'3e of a spindle. See <er>Spindle</er>.</def>

<h1>Heer</h1>
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<hw>Heer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hair</er>.]</ety> <def>Hair.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<hr>
<page="682">
Page 682<p>

<h1>Heft</h1>
<Xpage=682>

<hw>Heft</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Haft</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Waller.</i>

<h1>Heft</h1>
<Xpage=682>

<hw>Heft</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Heave</er>: cf. <ets>hefe</ets> weight. Cf. <er>Haft</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or effort of heaving<?/ violent strain or exertion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He craks his gorge, his sides,
With violent <b>hefts</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Weight; ponderousness.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>A man of his age and <b>heft</b>.
<i>T. Hughes.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The greater part or bulk of anything; <as>as, the <ex>heft</ex> of the crop was spoiled</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<i>J. Pickering.</i>

<h1>Heft</h1>
<Xpage=682>

<hw>Heft</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hefted</er> (<er>Heft</er>, <mark>obs</mark>.); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hefting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To heave up; to raise aloft.</def>

<blockquote>Inflamed with wrath, his raging blade he <b>heft</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prove or try the weight of by raising.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Hefty</h1>
<Xpage=682>

<hw>Heft"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Moderately heavy.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Hegelian</h1>
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<hw>He*ge"li*an</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Hegelianism.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A follower of Hegel.</def></def2>

<h1>Hegelianism, Hegelism</h1>
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<hw><hw>He*ge"li*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>He"gel*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The system of logic and philosophy set forth by <i>Hegel</i>, a German writer (1770-1831).</def>

<h1>Hegemonic, Hegemonical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Heg`e*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Heg`e*mon"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Hegemony</er>.]</ety> <def>Leading; controlling; ruling; predominant.</def> "Princelike and <i>hegemonical</i>."

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Hegemony</h1>
<Xpage=682>

<hw>He*gem`o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ guide, leader, fr. <?/ to go before.]</ety> <def>Leadership; preponderant influence or authority; -- usually applied to the relation of a government or state to its neighbors or confederates.</def>

<i>Lieber.</i>

<h1>Hegge</h1>
<Xpage=682>

<hw>Heg"ge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hedge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hegira</h1>
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<hw>He*gi"ra</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hejira</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Ar. <ets>hijrah</ets> flight.]</ety> <def>The flight of Mohammed from Mecca, September 13, <sc>A. D.</sc> 622 (subsequently established as the first year of the Moslem era); hence, any flight or exodus regarded as like that of Mohammed.</def>

<note>&hand; The starting point of the Era was made to begin, not from the date of the flight, but from the first day of the Arabic year, which corresponds to July 16, <sc>A. D.</sc> 622.</note>

<h1>Heifer</h1>
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<hw>Heif"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hayfare</ets>, AS. <ets>he\'a0hfore</ets>, <ets>he\'a0fore</ets>; the second part of this word seems akin to AS. <ets>fearr</ets> bull, ox; akin to OHG. <ets>farro</ets>, G. <ets>farre</ets>, D. <ets>vaars</ets>, heifer, G. <ets>f\'84rse</ets>, and perh. to Gr. <?/, <?/, calf, heifer.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young cow.</def>

<h1>Heigh-ho</h1>
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<hw>Heigh"-ho</hw> <tt>(h&imac;"-h&omac;)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>An exclamation of surprise, joy, dejection, uneasiness, weariness, etc.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Height</h1>
<Xpage=682>

<hw>Height</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hight</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[OE. <ets>heighte</ets>, <ets>heght</ets>, <ets>heighthe</ets>, AS. <ets>he\'a0h<?/u</ets>, fr. <ets>heah</ets> high; akin to D. <ets>hoogte</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'94jd</ets>, Dan. <ets>h\'94ide</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'91<?/</ets>, Goth. <ets>hauhipa</ets>. See <er>High</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of being high; elevated position.</def>

<blockquote>Behold the <b>height</b> of the stars, how high they are!
<i>Job xxii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The distance to which anything rises above its foot, above that on which in stands, above the earth, or above the level of the sea; altitude; the measure upward from a surface, as the floor or the ground, of animal, especially of a man; stature.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>[Goliath's] <b>height</b> was six cubits and a span.
<i>1 Sam. xvii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Degree of latitude either north or south.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Guinea lieth to the north sea, in the same <b>height</b> as Peru to the south.
<i>Abp. Abbot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is elevated; an eminence; a hill or mountain; <as>as, Alpine <ex>heights</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Elevation in excellence of any kind, as in power, learning, arts; also, an advanced degree of social rank; pre\'89minence or distinction in society; prominence.</def>

<blockquote>Measure your mind's <b>height</b> by the shade it casts.
<i>R. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All would in his power hold, all make his subjects.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Progress toward eminence; grade; degree.</def>

<blockquote>Social duties are carried to greater <b>heights</b>, and enforced with stronger motives by the principles of our religion.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Utmost degree in extent; extreme limit of energy or condition; <as>as, the <ex>height</ex> of a fever, of passion, of madness, of folly; the <ex>height</ex> of a tempest.</as></def>

<blockquote>My grief was at the <b>height</b> before thou camest.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>On height</col>, <cd>aloud. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd>

<blockquote>[He] spake these same words, all <b>on hight</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote></cs>

<h1>Heighten</h1>
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<hw>Height"en</hw> <tt>(h&imac;t"'n)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>highten</asp>.]</altsp> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Heightened</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Heightening</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make high; to raise higher; to elevate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To carry forward; to advance; to increase; to augment; to aggravate; to intensify; to render more conspicuous; -- used of things, good or bad; <as>as, to <ex>heighten</ex> beauty; to <ex>heighten</ex> a flavor or a tint.</as></def> "To <i>heighten</i> our confusion."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>An aspect of mystery which was easily <b>heightened</b> to the miraculous.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heightener</h1>
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<hw>Height"en*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>hightener</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, heightens.</def>

<h1>Heinous</h1>
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<hw>Hei"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ha\'8bnos</ets> hateful, F. <ets>haineux</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>ha\'8bne</ets> hate, F. <ets>haine</ets>, fr. <ets>ha\'8br</ets> to hate; of German origin. See <er>Hate</er>.]</ety> <def>Hateful; hatefully bad; flagrant; odious; atrocious; giving great great offense; -- applied to deeds or to character.</def>

<blockquote>It were most <b>heinous</b> and accursed sacrilege.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How <b>heinous</b> had the fact been, how deserving
Contempt!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Monstrous; flagrant; flagitious; atrocious.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Hei"nous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Hei"nous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Heir</h1>
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<hw>Heir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>heir</ets>, <ets>eir</ets>, <ets>hair</ets>, OF. <ets>heir</ets>, <ets>eir</ets>, F. <ets>hoir</ets>, L. <ets>heres</ets>; of uncertain origin. Cf. <er>Hereditary</er>, <er>Heritage</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who inherits, or is entitled to succeed to the possession of, any property after the death of its owner; one on whom the law bestows the title or property of another at the death of the latter.</def>

<blockquote>I am my father's <b>heir</b> and only son.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who receives any endowment from an ancestor or relation; <as>as, the <ex>heir</ex> of one's reputation or virtues</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And I his <b>heir</b> in misery alone.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Heir apparent</col>. <fld>(Law.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Apparent</er>.</cd> -- <col>Heir at law</col>, <cd>one who, after his ancector's death, has a right to inherit all his intestate estate. <i>Wharton (Law Dict.)</i>.</cd> -- <col>Heir presumptive</col>, <cd>one who, if the ancestor should die immediately, would be his heir, but whose right to the inheritance may be defeated by the birth of a nearer relative, or by some other contingency.</cd></cs>

<h1>Heir</h1>
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<hw>Heir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inherit; to succeed to.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>One only daughter <b>heired</b> the royal state.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heirdom</h1>
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<hw>Heir"dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of an heir; succession by inheritance.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Heiress</h1>
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<hw>Heir"ess</hw>, <tt>n</tt><def>, A female heir.</def>

<h1>Heirless</h1>
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<hw>Heir"less</hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of an heir.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Heirloom</h1>
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<hw>Heir"loom`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Heir</ets> + <ets>loom</ets>, in its earlier sense of <it>implement</it>, <it>tool.</it> See <er>Loom</er> the frame.]</ety> <def>Any furniture, movable, or personal chattel, which by law or special custom descends to the heir along with the inheritance; any piece of personal property that has been in a family for several generations.</def>

<blockquote>Woe to him whose daring hand profanes
The honored <b>heirlooms</b> of his ancestors.
<i>Moir.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heirship</h1>
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<hw>Heir"ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state, character, or privileges of an heir; right of inheriting.</def>

<cs><col>Heirship movables</col>, <cd>certain kinds of movables which the heir is entitled to take, besides the heritable estate. <mark>[Scot.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Hejira</h1>
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<hw>He*ji"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hegira</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Hektare, Hektogram, Hektoliter, &and; Hektometer</h1>
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<hw>Hek"tare`</hw>, <hw>Hek"to*gram</hw>, <hw>Hek"to*li`ter</hw>, &and; <hw>Hek"to*me`ter</hw></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hectare</er>, <er>Hectogram</er>, <er>Hectoliter</er>, and <er>Hectometer</er>.</def>

<h1>Hektograph</h1>
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<hw>Hek"to*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hectograph</er>.</def>

<h1>Helamys</h1>
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<hw>Hel*a*mys</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ fawn + <?/ mouse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Jumping hare</cref>, under <er>Hare</er>.</def>

<h1>Helcoplasty</h1>
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<hw>Hel"co*plas`ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a wound + <ets>-plasty</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act or process of repairing lesions made by ulcers, especially by a plastic operation.</def>

<h1>Held</h1>
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<hw>Held</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Hold</er>.</def>

<h1>Hele</h1>
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<hw>Hele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Heal</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Health; welfare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "In joy and perfyt <i>hele</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hele</h1>
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<hw>Hele</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>helan</ets>, akin to D. <ets>helen</ets>, OHG. <ets>helan</ets>, G. <ets>hehlen</ets>, L. <ets>celare</ets>. &root;17. See <er>Hell</er>, and cf. <er>Conceal</er>.]</ety> <def>To hide; to cover; to roof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Hide and <b>hele</b> things.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Helena</h1>
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<hw>Hel"e*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. Sp. <ets>helena</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <cref>St. Elmo's fire</cref>, under <er>Saint</er>.</def>

<h1>Helenin</h1>
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<hw>Hel"e*nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A neutral organic substance found in the root of the elecampane (<spn>Inula helenium</spn>), and extracted as a white crystalline or oily material, with a slightly bitter taste.</def>
<-- used to induce interferon -- contains RNA -->

<h1>Heliac</h1>
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<hw>He"li*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Heliacal.</def>

<h1>Heliacal</h1>
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<hw>He*li"a*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ belonging to the sun, fr. <?/ the sun: cf. F. <ets>h\'82liaque</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Emerging from the light of the sun, or passing into it; rising or setting at the same, or nearly the same, time as the sun.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<note>&hand; The <i>heliacal</i> rising of a star is when, after being in conjunction with the sun, and invisible, it emerges from the light so as to be visible in the morning before sunrising. On the contrary, the <i>heliacal</i> setting of a star is when the sun approaches conjunction so near as to render the star invisible.</note>

<h1>Heliacally</h1>
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<hw>He*li"a*cal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a heliacal manner.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Helianthin</h1>
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<hw>He`li*an"thin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. L. <ets>helianthes</ets>, or NL. <ets>helianthus</ets>, sunflower, in allusion to its color.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An artificial, orange dyestuff, analogous to tropaolin, and like it used as an indicator in alkalimetry; -- called also <altname>methyl orange</altname>.</def>

<h1>Helianthoid</h1>
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<hw>He`li*an"thoid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Helianthoidea.</def>

<h1>Helianthoidea</h1>
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<hw>He`li*an"thoi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>helianthes</ets> sunflower + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Anthozoa; the Actinaria.</def>

<h1>Helical</h1>
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<hw>Hel"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Helix</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to, or in the form of, a helix; spiral; <as>as, a <ex>helical</ex> staircase; a <ex>helical</ex> spring.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hel"i*cal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Helichrysum</h1>
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<hw>Hel`i*chry"sum</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the marigold, fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of composite plants, with shining, commonly white or yellow, or sometimes reddish, radiated involucres, which are often called "everlasting flowers."</def>

<h1>Heliciform</h1>
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<hw>He*lic"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Helix</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a helix; spiral.</def>

<h1>Helicin</h1>
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<hw>Hel"i*cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside obtained as a white crystalline substance by partial oxidation of salicin, from a willow (<spn>Salix Helix</spn> of Linn\'91us.)</def>

<h1>Helicine</h1>
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<hw>Hel"i*cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Curled; spiral; helicoid; -- applied esp. to certain arteries of the penis.</def>

<h1>Hellicograph</h1>
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<hw>Hel"li*co*graph`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Helix</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for drawing spiral lines on a plane.</def>

<h1>Helicoid</h1>
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<hw>Hel"i*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, spiral + <?/ shape: cf. F. <ets>h\'82lico\'8bde</ets>. See <er>Helix</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Spiral; curved, like the spire of a univalve shell.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a snail shell; pertaining to the <spn>Helicid\'91</spn>, or Snail family.</def>

<cs><col>Helicoid parabola</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the parabolic spiral.</cd></cs>

<h1>Helicoid</h1>
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<hw>Hel"i*coid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A warped surface which may be generated by a straight line moving in such a manner that every point of the line shall have a uniform motion in the direction of another fixed straight line, and at the same time a uniform angular motion about it.</def>

<h1>Helicoidal</h1>
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<hw>Hel`i*coid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Helicoid</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hel`i*coid"al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Helicon</h1>
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<hw>Hel"i*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A mountain in B\'d2otia, in Greece, supposed by the Greeks to be the residence of Apollo and the Muses.</def>

<blockquote>From <b>Helicon's</b> harmonious springs
A thousand rills their mazy progress take.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heliconia</h1>
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<hw>Hel`i*co"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Helicon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of numerous species of <spn>Heliconius</spn>, a genus of tropical American butterflies. The wings are usually black, marked with green, crimson, and white.</def>

<h1>Heliconian</h1>
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<hw>Hel`i*co"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Heliconius</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Helicon.</def> "<i>Heliconian</i> honey."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the butterflies of the genus <spn>Heliconius</spn>.</def>

<h1>Helicotrema</h1>
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<hw>Hel`i*co"tre"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a helix + <?/ a hole.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The opening by which the two scal\'91 communicate at the top of the cochlea of the ear.</def>

<h1>Helio-</h1>
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<hw>He"li*o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form from Gr. <grk>"h`lios</grk> <i>the sun</i>.</def>

<h1>Heliocentric, Heliocentrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>He`li*o*cen"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>He`li*o*cen"tric"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + <ets>centric</ets>, <ets>centrical</ets>: cf. F. <ets>h\'82liocentrique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>pertaining to the sun's center, or appearing to be seen from it; having, or relating to, the sun as a center; -- opposed to <i>geocentrical</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Heliocentric parallax</col>. <cd>See under <er>Parallax</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Heliocentric place</col>, <col>latitude</col>, <col>longitude</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. (of a heavenly body), the direction, latitude, longitude, etc., of the body as viewed from the sun.</cd></cs>

<h1>Heliochrome</h1>
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<hw>He"li*o*chrome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ color.]</ety> <def>A photograph in colors.</def><-- now, just color photograph -->

<i>R. Hunt.</i>

<h1>Heliochromic</h1>
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<hw>He`li*o*chro"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or produced by, heliochromy.</def>

<h1>Heliochromy</h1>
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<hw>He"li*o*chro`my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of producing photographs in color.</def><-- color photography? -->

<h1>Heliograph</h1>
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<hw>He"li*o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety>ets>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A picture taken by heliography; a photograph.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument for taking photographs of the sun.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An apparatus for telegraphing by means of the sun's rays. See <er>Heliotrope</er>, 3.</def>

<h1>Heliographic</h1>
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<hw>He`li*o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to heliography or a heliograph; made by heliography.</def>

<cs><col>Heliographic chart</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chart</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Heliography</h1>
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<hw>He`li*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Photography.</def>

<i>R. Hunt.</i>

<h1>Heliogravure</h1>
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<hw>He`li*o*grav"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>h\'82liogravure</ets>.]</ety> <def>The process of photographic engraving.</def>

<h1>Heliolater</h1>
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<hw>He`li*ol"a*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ servant, worshiper.]</ety> <def>A worshiper of the sun.</def>

<h1>Heliolatry</h1>
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<hw>He`li*ol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ service, worship.]</ety> <def>Sun worship. See <er>Sabianism</er>.</def>

<h1>Heliolite</h1>
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<hw>He"li*o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil coral of the genus <spn>Heliolites</spn>, having twelve-rayed cells. It is found in the Silurian rocks.</def>

<h1>Heliometer</h1>
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<hw>He`li*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>h\'82liom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An instrument devised originally for measuring the diameter of the sun; now employed for delicate measurements of the distance and relative direction of two stars too far apart to be easily measured in the field of view of an ordinary telescope.</def>

<h1>Heliometric, Heliometrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>He`li*o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>He`li*o*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the heliometer, or to heliometry.</def>

<h1>Heliometry</h1>
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<hw>He`li*om"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The apart or practice of measuring the diameters of heavenly bodies, their relative distances, etc. See <er>Heliometer</er>.</def>

<h1>Heliopora</h1>
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<hw>He`li*op"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the sun + <?/ a passage, pore.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An East Indian stony coral now known to belong to the Alcyonaria; -- called also <altname>blue coral</altname>.</def>

<h1>Helioscope</h1>
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<hw>He"li*o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>: cf. F. <ets>h\'82lioscope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A telescope or instrument for viewing the sun without injury to the eyes, as through colored glasses, or with mirrors which reflect but a small portion of light.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>He`li*o*scop`ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Heliostat</h1>
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<hw>He"li*o*stat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ placed, standing, fr. <?/ to place, stand: cf. F. <ets>h\'82liostate</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument consisting of a mirror moved by clockwork, by which a sunbeam is made apparently stationary, by being steadily directed to one spot during the whole of its diurnal period; also, a geodetic heliotrope.</def>

<h1>Heliotrope</h1>
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<hw>He"li*o*trope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>h\'82liotrope</ets>, L. <ets>heliotropium</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ the sun + <?/ to turn, <?/ turn. See <er>Heliacal</er>, <er>Trope</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anc. Astron.)</fld> <def>An instrument or machine for showing when the sun arrived at the tropics and equinoctial line.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Heliotropium</spn>; -- called also <altname>turnsole</altname> and <altname>girasole</altname>. <spn>H. Peruvianum</spn> is the commonly cultivated species with fragrant flowers.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geodesy & Signal Service)</fld> <def>An instrument for making signals to an observer at a distance, by means of the sun's rays thrown from a mirror.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bloodstone</er> <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>

<cs><col>Heliotrope purple</col>, <cd>a grayish purple color.</cd></cs>

<h1>Heliotroper</h1>
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<hw>He"li*o*tro`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The person at a geodetic station who has charge of the heliotrope.</def>

<h1>Heliotropic</h1>
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<hw>He`li*o*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Manifesting heliotropism; turning toward the sun.</def>

<h1>Heliotropism</h1>
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<hw>He`li*ot"ro*pism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The phenomenon of turning toward the light, seen in many leaves and flowers.</def>

<h1>Heliotype</h1>
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<hw>He"li*o*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Helio-</ets> + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <def>A picture obtained by the process of heliotypy.</def>

<h1>Heliotypic</h1>
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<hw>He`li*o*typ"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or obtained by, heliotypy.</def>

<h1>Heliotypy</h1>
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<hw>He"li*o*ty`py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A method of transferring pictures from photographic negatives to hardened gelatin plates from which impressions are produced on paper as by lithography.</def>

<h1>Heliozoa</h1>
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<hw>He`li*o*zo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the sun + <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fresh-water rhizopods having a more or less globular form, with slender radiating pseudopodia; the sun animalcule.</def>

<mhw><h1>Helispheric, Helispherical</h1>
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<hw>Hel`i*spher"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hel`i*spher"ic*al</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Helix</ets> + <ets>spheric</ets>, <ets>spherical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Spiral.</def>

<cs><col>Helispherical line</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>. <cd>the rhomb line in navigation. <mark>[R.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Helium</h1>
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<hw>He"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the sun.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A gaseous element found in the atmospheres of the sun and earth and in some rare minerals.</def><-- Symbol He, atomic number 2. A noble (or rare) gas. -->

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<h1>Helix</h1>
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<hw>He"lix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Helices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Helixes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>helix</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ to turn round; cf. L. <ets>volvere</ets>, and E. <ets>volute</ets>, <ets>voluble</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A nonplane curve whose tangents are all equally inclined to a given plane. The common helix is the curve formed by the thread of the ordinary screw. It is distinguished from the <i>spiral</i>, all the convolutions of which are in the plane.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A caulicule or little volute under the abacus of the Corinthian capital.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The incurved margin or rim of the external ear. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Ear</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of land snails, including a large number of species.</def>

<note>&hand; The genus originally included nearly all shells, but is now greatly restricted. See <er>Snail</er>, <er>Pulmonifera</er>.</note>

<h1>Hell</h1>
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<hw>Hell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hell</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hel</ets>, OHG. <ets>hella</ets>, G. <ets>h\'94lle</ets>, Icel. <ets>hal</ets>, Sw. <ets>helfvete</ets>, Dan. <ets>helvede</ets>, Goth. <ets>halja</ets>, and to AS. <ets>helan</ets> to conceal. <?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Hele</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Conceal</er>, <er>Cell</er>, <er>Helmet</er>, <er>Hole</er>, <er>Occult</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The place of the dead, or of souls after death; the grave; -- called in Hebrew <i>sheol</i>, and by the Greeks <i>hades</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He descended into <b>hell</b>.
<i>Book of Common Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou wilt not leave my soul in <b>hell</b>.
<i>Ps. xvi. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The place or state of punishment for the wicked after death; the abode of evil spirits. Hence, any mental torment; anguish.</def> "Within him <i>hell</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>It is a knell
That summons thee to heaven or to <b>hell</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A place where outcast persons or things are gathered</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A dungeon or prison; also, in certain running games, a place to which those who are caught are carried for detention.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A gambling house.</def> "A convenient little gambling <i>hell</i> for those who had grown reckless." <i>W. Black</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A place into which a tailor throws his shreds, or a printer his broken type.</def> <i>Hudibras</i>.

<cs><col>Gates of hell</col>. <fld>(Script.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Gate</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hell</h1>
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<hw>Hell</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To overwhelm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Hellanodic</h1>
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<hw>Hel`la*nod"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, a Greek + <?/ right, judgment.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A judge or umpire in games or combats.</def>

<h1>Hellbender</h1>
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<hw>Hell"bend`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large North American aquatic salamander (<spn>Protonopsis horrida</spn> or <spn>Menopoma Alleghaniensis</spn>). It is very voracious and very tenacious of life. Also called <altname>alligator</altname>, and <altname>water dog</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hellborn</h1>
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<hw>Hell"born`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Born in or of hell.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hellbred</h1>
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<hw>Hell`bred`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Produced in hell.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Hellbrewed</h1>
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<hw>Hell"brewed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Prepared in hell.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Hellbroth</h1>
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<hw>Hell"broth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A composition for infernal purposes; a magical preparation.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hell-cat </h1>
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<hw>Hell"-cat `</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A witch; a hag.</def>

<i>Middleton.</i>

<h1>Hell-diver</h1>
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<hw>Hell`-div`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dabchick.</def>

<h1>Helldoomed</h1>
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<hw>Hell`doomed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Doomed to hell.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Hellebore</h1>
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<hw>Hel"le*bore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>helleborus</ets>, <ets>elleborus</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/; cf. F. <ets>hell\'82bore</ets>, <ets>ell\'82bore</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of perennial herbs (<spn>Helleborus</spn>) of the Crowfoot family, mostly having powerfully cathartic and even poisonous qualities. <spn>H. niger</spn> is the European black hellebore, or Christmas rose, blossoming in winter or earliest spring. <spn>H. officinalis</spn> was the officinal hellebore of the ancients.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of several species of the poisonous liliaceous genus <spn>Veratrum</spn>, especially <spn>V. album</spn> and <spn>V. viride</spn>, both called <i>white hellebore</i>.</def>

<h1>Helleborein</h1>
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<hw>Hel`le*bo"re*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous glucoside accompanying helleborin in several species of hellebore, and extracted as a white crystalline substance with a bittersweet taste. It has a strong action on the heart, resembling digitalin.</def>

<h1>Helleborin</h1>
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<hw>Hel*leb"o*rin</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous glucoside found in several species of hellebore, and extracted as a white crystalline substance with a sharp tingling taste. It possesses the essential virtues of the plant; -- called also <altname>elleborin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Helleborism</h1>
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<hw>Hel"le*bo*rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice or theory of using hellebore as a medicine.</def>

<h1>Hellene</h1>
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<hw>Hel"lene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A native of either ancient or modern Greece; a Greek.</def>

<i>Brewer.</i>

<h1>Hellenian</h1>
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<hw>Hel*le"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Hellenes, or Greeks.</def>

<h1>Hellenic</h1>
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<hw>Hel*len"ic</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ the Greeks.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Hellenes, or inhabitants of Greece; Greek; Grecian.</def> "The <i>Hellenic</i> forces."

<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i>

<h1>Hellenic</h1>
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<hw>Hel*len"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The dialect, formed with slight variations from the Attic, which prevailed among Greek writers after the time of Alexander.</def>

<h1>Hellenism</h1>
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<hw>Hel"len*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>Hell\'82nisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A phrase or form of speech in accordance with genius and construction or idioms of the Greek language; a Grecism.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The type of character of the ancient Greeks, who aimed at culture, grace, and amenity, as the chief elements in human well-being and perfection.</def>

<h1>Hellenist</h1>
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<hw>Hel"len*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>Hell\'82niste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who affiliates with Greeks, or imitates Greek manners; esp., a person of Jewish extraction who used the Greek language as his mother tongue, as did the Jews of Asia Minor, Greece, Syria, and Egypt; distinguished from the Hebraists, or native Jews (<i>Acts vi. 1</i>).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One skilled in the Greek language and literature; <as>as, the critical <ex>Hellenist</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Hellenistic, Hellenistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hel`le*nis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hel`le*nis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Hell\'82nistique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the Hellenists.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Hellenistic</col> <col>language, dialect, &or; idiom</col></mcol>, <cd>the Greek spoken or used by the Jews who lived in countries where the Greek language prevailed; the Jewish-Greek dialect or idiom of the Septuagint.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hellenistically</h1>
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<hw>Hel`le*nis"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to the Hellenistic manner or dialect.</def>

<i>J. Gregory.</i>

<h1>Hellenize</h1>
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<hw>Hel"len*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To use the Greek language; to play the Greek; to Grecize.</def>

<h1>Hellenize</h1>
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<hw>Hel"len*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To give a Greek form or character to; to Grecize; <as>as, to <ex>Hellenize</ex> a word</as>.</def>

<h1>Hellenotype</h1>
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<hw>Hel*len"o*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ivorytype</er>.</def>

<h1>Hellespont</h1>
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<hw>Hel"les*pont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Hellespontus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ the mythological Helle, daughter of Athamas + <?/ sea.]</ety> <def>A narrow strait between Europe and Asia, now called the <altname>Daradanelles</altname>. It connects the \'92gean Sea and the sea of Marmora.</def>

<h1>Hellespontine</h1>
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<hw>Hel`les*pon"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Hellespont.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Hellgamite, Hellgramite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hell"ga*mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hell"gra*mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The aquatic larva of a large American winged insect (<spn>Corydalus cornutus</spn>), much used a fish bait by anglers; the dobson. It belongs to the Neuroptera.</def>

<h1>Hellhag</h1>
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<hw>Hell"hag`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hag of or fit for hell.</def>

<i>Bp. Richardson.</i>

<h1>Hell-haunted</h1>
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<hw>Hell"-haunt`ed</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Haunted by devils; hellish.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Hellhound</h1>
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<hw>Hell"hound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hellehund</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dog of hell; an agent of hell.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>hellhound</b>, that doth hunt us all to death.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hellier</h1>
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<hw>Hel"li*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hele</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>One who heles or covers; hence, a tiler, slater, or thatcher.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>heler</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Usher.</i>

<h1>Hellish</h1>
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<hw>Hell"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to hell; like hell; infernal; malignant; wicked; detestable; diabolical.</def> "<i>Hellish</i> hate." <i>Milton</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Hell"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Hell"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hellkite</h1>
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<hw>Hell"kite`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kite of infernal breed.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hello</h1>
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<hw>Hel*lo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Halloo</er>.</def>

<h1>Hellward</h1>
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<hw>Hell"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Toward hell.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Helly</h1>
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<hw>Hell"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hell\'c6c</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hellish.</def>

<i>Anderson (1573).</i>

<h1>Helm</h1>
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<hw>Helm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Haulm</er>, straw.</def>

<h1>Helm</h1>
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<hw>Helm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>helme</ets>, AS. <ets>helma</ets> rudder; akin to D. & G. <ets>helm</ets>, Icel. <ets>hj\'belm</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>helve</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The apparatus by which a ship is steered, comprising rudder, tiller, wheel, etc.; -- commonly used of the tiller or wheel alone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The place or office of direction or administration.</def> "The <i>helm</i> of the Commonwealth."

<i>Melmoth.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One at the place of direction or control; a steersman; hence, a guide; a director.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>helms</b> o' the State, who care for you like fathers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Helve</er>.]</ety> <def>A helve.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>Helm amidships</col>, <cd>when the tiller, rudder, and keel are in the same plane.</cd> -- <col>Helm aport</col>, <cd>when the tiller is borne over to the port side of the ship.</cd> -- <col>Helm astarboard</col>, <cd>when the tiller is borne to the starboard side.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Helm alee</col>, <col>Helm aweather</col></mcol>, <cd>when the tiller is borne over to the lee or to the weather side.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Helm hard alee</col> &or; <col>hard aport</col>, <col>hard astarboard</col></mcol>, etc., <cd>when the tiller is borne over to the extreme limit.</cd> -- <col>Helm port</col>, <cd>the round hole in a vessel's counter through which the rudderstock passes.</cd> -- <col>Helm down</col>, <cd>helm alee.</cd> -- <col>Helm up</col>, <cd>helm aweather.</cd> -- <col>To ease the helm</col>, <cd>to let the tiller come more amidships, so as to lessen the strain on the rudder.</cd> -- <col>To feel the helm</col>, <cd>to obey it.</cd> -- <col>To right the helm</col>, <cd>to put it amidships.</cd> -- <col>To shift the helm</col>, <cd>to bear the tiller over to the corresponding position on the opposite side of the vessel.</cd></cs>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Helm</h1>
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<hw>Helm</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Helmed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Helming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To steer; to guide; to direct.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The business he hath <b>helmed</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A wild wave . . . overbears the bark,
And him that <b>helms</b> it.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Helm</h1>
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<hw>Helm</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. See <er>Helmet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A helmet.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Helm</h1>
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<hw>Helm</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover or furnish with a helm or helmet.</def> <mark>[Perh. used only as a <tt>past part.</tt> or <tt>part. adj.</tt>]</mark>

<blockquote>She that <b>helmed</b> was in starke stours.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Helmage</h1>
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<hw>Helm"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Guidance; direction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Helmed</h1>
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<hw>Helm"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with a helmet.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>helmed</b> cherubim
Are seen in glittering ranks.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Helmet</h1>
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<hw>Hel"met</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>helmet</ets>, a dim of <ets>helme</ets>, F. <ets>heaume</ets>; of Teutonic origin; cf. G. <ets>helm</ets>, akin to AS. & OS. <ets>helm</ets>, D. <ets>helm</ets>, <ets>helmet</ets>, Icel. <ets>hj\'belmr</ets>, Sw. <ets>hjelm</ets>, Dan. <ets>hielm</ets>, Goth. <ets>hilms</ets>; and prob. from the root of AS. <ets>helan</ets> to hide, to hele; cf. also Lith. <ets>szalmas</ets>, Russ. <ets>shleme</ets>, Skr. <ets>\'87arman</ets> protection. &root;17. Cf. <er>Hele</er>, <er>Hell</er>, <er>Helm</er> a helmet.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Armor)</fld> <def>A defensive covering for the head. See <er>Casque</er>, <er>Headpiece</er>, <er>Morion</er>, <er>Sallet</er>, and <i>Illust.</i> of <er>Beaver</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The representation of a helmet over shields or coats of arms, denoting gradations of rank by modifications of form.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A helmet-shaped hat, made of cork, felt, metal, or other suitable material, worn as part of the uniform of soldiers, firemen, etc., also worn in hot countries as a protection from the heat of the sun.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which resembles a helmet in form, position, etc.</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The upper part of a retort</def>. <i>Boyle</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The hood-formed upper sepal or petal of some flowers, as of the monkshood or the snapdragon</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A naked shield or protuberance on the top or fore part of the head of a bird</def>.

<cs><col>Helmet beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a leaf-eating beetle of the family <spn>Chrysomelid\'91</spn>, having a short, broad, and flattened body. Many species are known.</cd> -- <col>Helmet shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of many species of tropical marine univalve shells belonging to <spn>Cassis</spn> and allied genera. Many of them are large and handsome; several are used for cutting as cameos, and hence are called <altname>cameo shells</altname>. See <er>King conch</er>.</cd> -- <col>Helmet shrike</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an African wood shrike of the genus <spn>Prionodon</spn>, having a large crest.</cd></cs>

<h1>Helmeted</h1>
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<hw>Hel`met*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing a helmet; furnished with or having a helmet or helmet-shaped part; galeate.</def>

<h1>Helmet-shaped</h1>
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<hw>Hel"met-shaped`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shaped like a helmet; galeate. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Galeate</er>.</def>

<h1>Helminth</h1>
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<hw>Hel"minth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a worm.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An intestinal worm, or wormlike intestinal parasite; one of the Helminthes.</def>

<h1>Helminthagogue</h1>
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<hw>Hel*min"tha*gogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a worm + <?/ to drive.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A vermifuge.</def>

<h1>Helminthes</h1>
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<hw>Hel*min"thes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a worm.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the grand divisions or branches of the animal kingdom. It is a large group including a vast number of species, most of which are parasitic. Called also <altname>Enthelminthes</altname>, <altname>Enthelmintha</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The following classes are included, with others of less importance: Cestoidea (tapeworms), Trematodea (flukes, etc.), Turbellaria (planarians), Acanthocephala (thornheads), Nematoidea (roundworms, trichina, gordius), Nemertina (nemerteans). See <er>Plathelminthes</er>, and <er>Nemathelminthes</er>.</note>

<h1>Helminthiasis</h1>
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<hw>Hel`min*thi"a*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to suffer from worms, fr. <?/, <?/, a worm.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease in which worms are present in some part of the body.</def>

<h1>Helminthic</h1>
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<hw>Hel*min"thic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>helminthique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to worms, or Helminthes; expelling worms.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A vermifuge; an anthelmintic.</def></def2>

<h1>Helminthite</h1>
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<hw>Hel*min"thite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a worm.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>One of the sinuous tracks on the surfaces of many stones, and popularly considered as worm trails.</def>

<h1>Helminthoid</h1>
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<hw>Hel*min"thoid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a worm + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wormlike; vermiform.</def>

<h1>Helminthologic, Helminthological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hel*min`tho*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hel*min`tho*log"ic*al</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>helminthologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to helminthology.</def>

<h1>Helminthologist</h1>
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<hw>Hel`min*thol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>helminthologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in helminthology.</def>

<h1>Helminthology</h1>
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<hw>Hel`min*thol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a worm + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>helminthologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The natural history, or study, of worms, esp. parasitic worms.</def>

<h1>Helmless</h1>
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<hw>Helm"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of a helmet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without a helm or rudder.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Helmsman</h1>
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<hw>Helms"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Helmsmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The man at the helm; a steersman.</def>

<h1>Helmwind</h1>
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<hw>Helm"wind`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wind attending or presaged by the cloud called <i>helm</i>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Helot</h1>
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<hw>He"lot</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Helotes</ets>, <ets>Hilotae</ets>, pl., fr. Gr. <grk>E'e`lws</grk> and <grk>E'elw`ths</grk> a bondman or serf of the Spartans; so named from <grk>'Elos</grk>, a town of Laconia, whose inhabitants were enslaved; or perh. akin to <grk>e`lei^n</grk> to take, conquer, used as 2d aor. of <?/.]</ety> <def>A slave in ancient Sparta; a Spartan serf; hence, a slave or serf.</def>

<blockquote>Those unfortunates, the <b>Helots</b> of mankind, more or less numerous in every community.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Helotism</h1>
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<hw>He"lot*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of the Helots or slaves in Sparta; slavery.</def>

<h1>Helotry</h1>
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<hw>He"lot*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Helots, collectively; slaves; bondsmen.</def> "The <i>Helotry</i> of Mammon."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Help</h1>
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<hw>Help</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Helped</er> <tt>(?)</tt> (<mark>Obs</mark>. <tt>imp.</tt> <er>Holp</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Holpen</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Helping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>helpan</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>helpan</ets>, D. <ets>helpen</ets>, G. <ets>helfen</ets>, OHG. <ets>helfan</ets>, Icel. <ets>hj\'belpa</ets>, Sw. <ets>hjelpa</ets>, Dan. <ets>hielpe</ets>, Goth. <ets>hilpan</ets>; cf. Lith. <ets>szelpti</ets>, and Skr. <ets>klp</ets> to be fitting.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish with strength or means for the successful performance of any action or the attainment of any object; to aid; to assist; <as>as, to <ex>help</ex> a man in his work; to <ex>help</ex> one to remember</as>; -- the following infinitive is commonly used without <it>to</it>; <as>as, "<ex>Help</ex> me scale yon balcony."</as></def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with the means of deliverance from trouble; <as>as, to <ex>help</ex> one in distress; to <ex>help</ex> one out of prison.</as></def> "God <i>help</i>, poor souls, how idly do they talk!"

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish with relief, as in pain or disease; to be of avail against; -- sometimes with <i>of</i> before a word designating the pain or disease, and sometimes having such a word for the direct object.</def> "To <i>help</i> him of his blindness."
<-- now, <it>in</it> is used for that function; -- "to help him in his misery" -->

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The true calamus <b>helps</b> coughs.
<i>Gerarde.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="684">
Page 684<p>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To change for the better; to remedy.</def>

<blockquote>Cease to lament for what thou canst not <b>help</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To prevent; to hinder; as, the evil approaches, and who can <i>help</i> it?</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To forbear; to avoid.</def>

<blockquote>I can not <b>help</b> remarking the resemblance betwixt him and our author.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<-- often used with "but" -->

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To wait upon, as the guests at table, by carving and passing food.</def>

<cs><col>To help forward</col>, <cd>to assist in advancing.</cd> -- <col>To help off</col>, <cd>to help to go or pass away, as time; to assist in removing. <i>Locke</i>.</cd> -- <col>To help on</col>, <cd>to forward; to promote by aid.</cd> -- <col>To help out</col>, <cd>to aid, as in delivering from a difficulty, or to aid in completing a design or task.</cd>

<blockquote>The god of learning and of light
Would want a god himself <b>to help</b> him <b>out</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To help over</col>, <cd>to enable to surmount; <as>as, <ex>to help</ex> one <ex>over</ex> an obstacle</as>.</cd> -- <col>To help to</col>, <cd>to supply with; to furnish with; as, <i>to help</i> one <i>to</i> soup.</cd> -- <col>To help up</col>, <cd>to help (one) to get up; to assist in rising, as after a fall, and the like. "A man is well <i>holp up</i> that trusts to you." <i>Shak</i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To aid; assist; succor; relieve; serve; support; sustain; befriend.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Help</er>, <er>Aid</er>, <er>Assist</er>. These words all agree in the idea of affording relief or support to a person under difficulties. <i>Help</i> turns attention especially to the source of relief. If I fall into a pit, I call for <i>help</i>; and he who <i>helps</i> me out does it by an act of his own. <i>Aid</i> turns attention to the other side, and supposes co\'94peration on the part of him who is relieved; as, he <i>aided</i> me in getting out of the pit; I got out by the <i>aid</i> of a ladder which he brought. <i>Assist</i> has a primary reference to relief afforded by a person who "stands by" in order to relieve. It denotes both <i>help</i> and <i>aid</i>. Thus, we say of a person who is weak, I <i>assisted</i> him upstairs, or, he mounted the stairs by my <i>assistance</i>. When <i>help</i> is used as a noun, it points less distinctively and exclusively to the source of relief, or, in other words, agrees more closely with <i>aid</i>. Thus we say, I got out of a pit by the <i>help</i> of my friend.</usage>

<h1>Help</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>Help</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lend aid or assistance; to contribute strength or means; to avail or be of use; to assist.</def>

<blockquote>A generous present <i>helps</i> to persuade, as well as an agreeable person.
<i>Garth.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To help out</col>, <cd>to lend aid; to bring a supply.</cd></cs>

<h1>Help</h1>
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<hw>Help</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>help</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hulp</ets>, G. <ets>h\'81lfe</ets>, <ets>hilfe</ets>, Icel. <ets>hj\'belp</ets>, Sw. <ets>hjelp</ets>, Dan. <ets>hielp</ets>. See <er>Help</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Strength or means furnished toward promoting an object, or deliverance from difficulty or distress; aid; ^; also, the person or thing furnishing the aid; <as>as, he gave me a <ex>help</ex> of fifty dollars</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Give us <b>help</b> from trouble, for vain is the <b>help</b> of man.
<i>Ps. lx. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>God is . . . a very present <b>help</b> in trouble.
<i>Ps. xlvi. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Virtue is a friend and a <b>help</b> to nature.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Remedy; relief; <as>as, there is no <ex>help</ex> for it</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A helper; one hired to help another; also, thew hole force of hired helpers in any business.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Specifically, a domestic servant, man or woman.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Helper</h1>
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<hw>Help"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, helps, aids, assists, or relieves; <as>as, a lay <ex>helper</ex> in a parish</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thou art the <b>helper</b> of the fatherless.
<i>Ps. x. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Compassion . . . oftentimes a <b>helper</b> of evils.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Helpful</h1>
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<hw>Help"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnishing help; giving aid; assistant; useful; salutary.</def>

<blockquote>Heavens make our presence and our practices
Pleasant and <b>helpful</b> to him!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Help"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Help"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Helpless</h1>
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<hw>Help"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of help or strength; unable to help or defend one's self; needing help; feeble; weak; <as>as, a helpless infant</as>.</def>

<blockquote>How shall I then your <b>helpless</b> fame defend?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Beyond help; irremediable.</def>

<blockquote>Some <b>helpless</b> disagreement or dislike, either of mind or body.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Bringing no help; unaiding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Yet since the gods have been
<b>Helpless</b> foreseers of my plagues.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Unsupplied; destitute; -- with <i>of</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Helpless</b> of all that human wants require.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Help"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Help"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Helpmate</h1>
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<hw>Help"mate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of the "<ets>help meet</ets> for him" of <i>Genesis ii. 18.</i><i>Fitzedward Hall</i>.]</ety> <def>A helper; a companion; specifically, a wife.</def>

<blockquote>In Minorca the ass and the hog are common <b>helpmates</b>, and are yoked together in order to turn up the land.
<i>Pennant.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A waiting woman was generally considered as the most suitable <b>helpmate</b> for a parson.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Helpmeet</h1>
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<hw>Help"meet`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Helpmate</er>.]</ety> <def>A wife; a helpmate.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord God created Adam, . . . and afterwards, on his finding the want of a <b>helpmeet</b>, caused him to sleep, and took one of his ribs and thence made woman.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Helter-skelter</h1>
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<hw>Hel"ter-skel"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[An onomat<?/poetic word. Cf. G. <ets>holter-polter</ets>, D. <ets>holder de bolder</ets>.]</ety> <def>In hurry and confusion; without definite purpose; irregularly.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Helter-skelter</b> have I rode to thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A wistaria vine running <b>helter-skelter</b> across the roof.
<i>J. C. Harris.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Helve</h1>
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<hw>Helve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>helve</ets>, <ets>helfe</ets>, AS. <ets>hielf</ets>, <ets>helf</ets>, <ets>hylf</ets>, cf. OHG. <ets>halb</ets>; and also E. <ets>halter</ets>, <ets>helm</ets> of a rudder.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The handle of an ax, hatchet, or adze.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Iron Working)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The lever at the end of which is the hammer head, in a forge hammer.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A forge hammer which is lifted by a cam acting on the helve between the fulcrum and the head.</def>

<h1>Helve</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>Helve</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Helved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Helving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To furnish with a helve, as an ax.</def>

<h1>Helvetian</h1>
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<hw>Hel*ve"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Helvetic</er>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A Swiss; a Switzer.</def></def2>

<h1>Helvetic</h1>
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<hw>Hel*ve"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Helveticus</ets>, fr. <ets>Helvetii</ets> the Helvetii.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Helvetii, the ancient inhabitant of the Alps, now Switzerland, or to the modern states and inhabitant of the Alpine regions; <as>as, the <ex>Helvetic</ex> confederacy; <ex>Helvetic</ex> states.</as></def>

<h1>Helvine, Helvite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hel"vine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hel"vite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>helvus</ets> of a light bay color.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a yellowish color, consisting chiefly of silica, glucina, manganese, and iron, with a little sulphur.</def>

<h1>Hem</h1>
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<hw>Hem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <ety>[OE., fr. AS. <ets>him</ets>, <ets>heom</ets>, dative pl. of. <ets>h<?/</ets> he. See <er>He</er>, <er>They</er>.]</ety> <def>Them</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hem</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>Hem</hw>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>An onomatopoetic word used as an expression of hesitation, doubt, etc. It is often a sort of voluntary half cough, loud or subdued, and would perhaps be better expressed by <i>hm</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Cough or cry <b>hem</b>, if anybody come.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hem</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>Hem</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An utterance or sound of the voice, <i>hem</i> or <i>hm</i>, often indicative of hesitation or doubt, sometimes used to call attention.</def> "His morning <i>hems</i>."

<i>Spectator.</i>

<h1>Hem</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>Hem</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[<?/<?/<?/. See <er>Hem</er>, <ets>interj</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make the sound expressed by the word <i>hem</i>; hence, to hesitate in speaking.</def> "<i>Hem</i>, and stroke thy beard."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hem</h1>
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<hw>Hem</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hem</ets>, border, margin; cf. Fries. <ets>h\'84mel</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>hammel</ets> hem of mire or dirt.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The edge or border of a garment or cloth, doubled over and sewed, to strengthen raveling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Border; edge; margin.</def> "<i>Hem</i> of the sea."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A border made on sheet-metal ware by doubling over the edge of the sheet, to stiffen it and remove the sharp edge.</def>

<h1>Hem</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>Hem</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hemmed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hemming</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form a hem or border to; to fold and sew down the edge of.</def>

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To border; to edge</def>

<blockquote>All the skirt about
Was <b>hemmed</b> with golden fringe.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To hem about</col>, <col>around</col>, &or; <col>in</col></mcol>, <cd>to inclose and confine; to surround; to environ.</cd>  "With valiant squadrons round <i>about to hem<i>." <i>Fairfax</i>. "<i>Hemmed in<i> to be a spoil to tyranny." <i>Daniel</i>. -- <col>To hem out</col>, <cd>to shut out.</cd>  "You can not <i>hem<i> me <i>out<i> of London."  <i>J. Webster.</i></cs>

<h1>Hema-</h1>
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<hw>Hem"a-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Same as <er>H\'91ma-</er>.</def>

<h1>Hemachate</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>Hem"a*chate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>haemachates</ets>; Gr. <?/ blood + <?/ agate.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A species of agate, sprinkled with spots of red jasper.</def>

<h1>Hemachrome</h1>
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<hw>Hem"a*chrome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>H\'91machrome</er>.</def>

<h1>Hemacite</h1>
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<hw>Hem"a*cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk> blood.]</ety> <def>A composition made from blood, mixed with mineral or vegetable substances, used for making buttons, door knobs, etc.</def>

<h1>Hemadrometer, Hemadromometer</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw><hw>Hem`a*drom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hem`a*dro*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hema-</ets> + Gr. <?/ course + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the velocity with which the blood moves in the arteries.</def><-- now hemodromometer -->

<h1>Hemadrometry, Hemadromometry</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw><hw>Hem`a*drom`e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hem`a*dro*mom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act of measuring the velocity with which the blood circulates in the arteries; h\'91motachometry.</def>

<h1>Hemadynamics</h1>
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<hw>He`ma*dy*nam"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hema-</ets> + <ets>dynamics</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The principles of dynamics in their application to the blood; that part of science which treats of the motion of the blood.</def>

<h1>Hemadynamometer</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>He`ma*dy"na*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hema-</ets> + <ets>dynamometr</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument by which the pressure of the blood in the arteries, or veins, is measured by the height to which it will raise a column of mercury; -- called also a <altname>h\'91momanometer</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hemal</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>He"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk> blood.]</ety> <def>Relating to the blood or blood vessels; pertaining to, situated in the region of, or on the side with, the heart and great blood vessels; -- opposed to <i>neural</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; As applied to vertebrates, <i>hemal</i> is the same as <i>ventral</i>, the heart and great blood vessels being on the ventral, and the central nervous system on the dorsal, side of the vertebral column.</note>

<cs><col>Hemal arch</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the ventral arch in a segment of the spinal skeleton, formed by vertebral processes or ribs.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hemaph\'91in</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>Hem`a*ph\'91"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>H\'91maph\'91in</er>.</def>

<h1>Hemapophysis</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>Hem`a*poph"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hemapophyses</plw> </plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>H\'91ma-</er>, and <er>Apophysis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The second element in each half of a hemal arch, corresponding to the sternal part of a rib.</def> <i>Owen</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Hem`a*po*phys"i*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hemastatic, Hemastatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hem`a*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hem`a*stat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hemostatic</er>.</def>

<h1>Hemastatics</h1>
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<hw>Hem`a*stat"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Laws relating to the equilibrium of the blood in the blood vessels.</def>

<h1>Hematachometer</h1>
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<hw>Hem`a*ta*chom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>H\'91matachometer</er>.</def>

<h1>Hematein</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>Hem`a*te"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, blood.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A reddish brown or violet crystalline substance, <chform>C16H12O6</chform>, got from hematoxylin by partial oxidation, and regarded as analogous to the phthaleins.</def>

<h1>Hematemesis</h1>
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<hw>Hem`a*tem"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood + <?/ a vomiting, fr. <?/ to vomit.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A vomiting of blood.</def>

<h1>Hematherm</h1>
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<hw>Hem"a*therm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk> blood + <?/ warm.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A warm-blooded animal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Hemathermal</h1>
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<hw>Hem`a*ther"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Warm-blooded; hematothermal.</def> <mark>[R]</mark>

<h1>Hematic</h1>
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<hw>He*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>H\'91matic</er>.</def>

<h1>Hematic</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>He*mat"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine designed to improve the condition of the blood.</def>

<h1>Hematin</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>Hem"a*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hematoxylin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A bluish black, amorphous substance containing iron and obtained from blood. It exists the red blood corpuscles united with globulin, and the form of hemoglobin or oxyhemoglobin gives to the blood its red color.</def>

<h1>Hematinometer</h1>
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<hw>Hem`a*ti*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hematin</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A form of hemoglobinometer.</def>

<h1>Hematinometric</h1>
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<hw>Hem`a*tin`o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Relating to the measurement of the amount of hematin or hemoglobin contained in blood, or other fluids.</def>

<h1>Hematinon</h1>
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<hw>He*mat"i*non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood.]</ety> <def>A red consisting of silica, borax, and soda, fused with oxide of copper and iron, and used in enamels, mosaics, etc.</def>

<h1>Hematite</h1>
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<hw>Hem"a*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>haematites</ets>, Gr. <?/ bloodlike, fr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An important ore of iron, the sesquioxide, so called because of the red color of the powder. It occurs in splendent rhombohedral crystals, and in massive and earthy forms; -- the last called red ocher. Called also <altname>specular iron</altname>, <altname>oligist iron</altname>, <altname>rhombohedral iron ore</altname>, and <altname>bloodstone</altname>. See <cref>Brown hematite</cref>, under <er>Brown</er>.</def>

<h1>Hematitic</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>Hem`a*tit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to hematite, or resembling it.</def>

<h1>Hemato</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>Hem"a*to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>H\'91ma-</er>.</def>

<h1>Hematocele</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>He*mat"o*cele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemato-</ets> + Gr. <?/ tumor: cf. F. <ets>h\'82matoc\'8ale</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A tumor filled with blood.</def>

<h1>Hematocrya</h1>
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<hw>Hem`a*toc"ry*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood + <grk>kry`os</grk> cold.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cold-blooded vertebrates, that is, all but the mammals and birds; -- the antithesis to <contr>Hematotherma</contr>.</def>

<h1>Hematocrystallin</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>Hem`a*to*crys"tal*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemato</ets> + <ets>crystalline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hemoglobin</er>.</def>

<h1>Hematoid</h1>
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<hw>Hem"a*toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemato-</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Resembling blood.</def>

<h1>Hematoidin</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>Hem`a*toid"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline or amorphous pigment, free from iron, formed from hematin in old blood stains, and in old hemorrhages in the body. It resembles bilirubin. When present in the corpora lutea it is called <altname>h\'91molutein</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hematology</h1>
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<hw>Hem`a*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemato-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the blood.</def>

<h1>Hematoma</h1>
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<hw>Hem`a*to"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hema-</er>, and <er>-oma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A circumscribed swelling produced by an effusion of blood beneath the skin.</def>

<h1>Hematophilia</h1>
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<hw>Hem`a*to*phil"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood + <?/ to love.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition characterized by a tendency to profuse and uncontrollable hemorrhage from the slightest wounds.</def><-- = hemophilia -->

<h1>Hematosin</h1>
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<hw>Hem`a*to"sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>The hematin of blood.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Hematosis</h1>
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<hw>Hem`a*to"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>a"ima`twsis</grk>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Sanguification; the conversion of chyle into blood.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The arterialization of the blood in the lungs; the formation of blood in general; h\'91matogenesis.</def>

<h1>Hematotherma</h1>
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<hw>Hem`a*to*ther"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood + <grk>thermo`s</grk> warm.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The warm-blooded vertebrates, comprising the mammals and birds; -- the antithesis to <i>hematocrya</i>.</def>

<h1>Hematothermal</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>Hem"a*to*ther"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Warm-blooded.</def>

<h1>Hematoxylin</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>Hem`a*tox"y*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>H\'91matoxylin.</def>

<h1>Hematuria</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>Hem`a*tu"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hema-</er>, and <er>Urine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Passage of urine mingled with blood.</def>

<h1>Hemautography</h1>
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<hw>Hem`au*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The obtaining of a curve similar to a pulse curve or sphygmogram by allowing the blood from a divided artery to strike against a piece of paper.</def>

<h1>Hemelytron &or;, Hemelytrum</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw><hw>Hem*el"y*tron</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <hw>Hem*el"y*trum</hw> <tt>(-tr&ucr;m cf. <er>Elytron</er>, 277)</tt>,<hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hemelytra</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hemi</er>, and <er>Elytron</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the partially thickened anterior wings of certain insects, as of many Hemiptera, the earwigs, etc.</def>

<h1>Hemeralopia</h1>
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<hw>Hem`e*ra*lo"pi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, the opposite of <?/; <?/ day + <?/ of <?/. See <er>Nyctalopia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease of the eyes, in consequence of which a person can see clearly or without pain only by daylight or a strong artificial light; day sight.</def>

<note>&hand; Some writers (as Quain) use the word in the opposite sense, <it>i. e.</it>, day blindness. See <er>Nyctalopia</er>.</note>

<h1>Hemerobian</h1>
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<hw>Hem`er*o"bi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ day + <?/ life.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A neuropterous insect of the genus <spn>Hemerobius</spn>, and allied genera.</def>

<h1>Hemerobid</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>He*mer"o*bid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of relating to the hemerobians.</def>

<h1>Hemerocallis</h1>
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<hw>Hem`e*ro*cal"lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ day + <?/ beauty.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, some species of which are cultivated for their beautiful flowers; day lily.</def>

<h1>Hemi-</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>Hem"i-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <grk>"hmi-</grk>. See <er>Semi-</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying <i>half</i>.</def>

<h1>Hemialbumin</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*al*bu"min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>albumin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hemialbumose</er>.</def>

<h1>Hemialbumose</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*al"bu"mose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>albumose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An albuminous substance formed in gastric digestion, and by the action of boiling dilute acids on albumin. It is readily convertible into hemipeptone. Called also <altname>hemialbumin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hemian\'91sthesia</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*an`\'91s*the"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>an\'91sthesia</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An\'91sthesia upon one side of the body.</def>

<h1>Hemibranchi</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*bran"chi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hemi-</er>, and <er>Branchia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes having an incomplete or reduced branchial apparatus. It includes the sticklebacks, the flutemouths, and Fistularia.</def>

<h1>Hemicardia</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*car"di*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hemi-</er>, and <er>Cardia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A lateral half of the heart, either the right or left.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Hemicarp</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*carp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One portion of a fruit that spontaneously divides into halves.</def>

<h1>Hemicerebrum</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*cer"e*brum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>cerebrum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A lateral half of the cerebrum.</def>

<i>Wilder.</i>

<h1>Hemicollin</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*col"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>collin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Semiglutin</er>.</def>

<h1>Hemicrania</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*cra"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>h\'82micr\'83nie</ets>. See <er>Cranium</er>, and <er>Megrim</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A pain that affects only one side of the head.</def>

<h1>Hemicrany</h1>
<Xpage=684>

<hw>Hem"i*cra`ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hemicranis.</def>

<h1>Hemicycle</h1>
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<hw>Hem"i*cy`cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hemicyclus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A half circle; a semicircle.</def>

<hr>
<page="685">
Page 685<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A semicircular place, as a semicircular arena, or room, or part of a room.</def>

<blockquote>The collections will be displayed in the <b>hemicycle</b> of the central pavilion.
<i>London Academy.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hemidactyl</h1>
<Xpage=685>

<hw>Hem`i*dac"tyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hemi-</er>, and <er>Dactyl</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of Old World geckoes of the genus <spn>Hemidactylus</spn>. The hemidactyls have dilated toes, with two rows of plates beneath.</def>

<h1>Hemi-demi-semiquaver</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i-dem`i-sem"i*quaver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>demi-semiquaver</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short note, equal to one fourth of a semiquaver, or the sixty-fourth part of a whole note.</def>

<h1>Hemiditone</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*di"tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>ditone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Mus.)</fld> <def>The lesser third.</def>

<i>Busby.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hemigamous</h1>
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<hw>He*mig"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having one of the two florets in the same spikelet neuter, and the other unisexual, whether male or female; -- said of grasses.</def>

<h1>Hemiglyph</h1>
<Xpage=685>

<hw>Hem"i*glyph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a carving.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The half channel or groove in the edge of the triglyph in the Doric order.</def>

<h1>Hemihedral</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*he"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ seat, base, fr. <?/ to sit.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Having half of the similar parts of a crystals, instead of all; consisting of half the planes which full symmetry would require, as when a cube has planes only on <i>half</i> of its eight solid angles, or one plane out of a pair on each of its edges; or as in the case of a tetrahedron, which is <i>hemihedral</i> to an octahedron, it being contained under four of the planes of an octahedron.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hem`i*he"dral*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hemihedrism</h1>
<Xpage=685>

<hw>Hem`i*he"drism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The property of crystallizing hemihedrally.</def>

<h1>Hemihedron</h1>
<Xpage=685>

<hw>Hem`i*he"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A solid hemihedrally derived. The tetrahedron is a <i>hemihedron</i>.</def>

<h1>Hemiholohedral</h1>
<Xpage=685>

<hw>Hem`i*hol`o*he"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>holohedral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Presenting hemihedral forms, in which half the sectants have the full number of planes.</def>

<h1>Hemimellitic</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*mel*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>mellitic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having <i>half</i> as many (<i>three</i>) carboxyl radicals as <i>mellitic</i> acid; -- said of an organic acid.</def>

<h1>Hemimetabola</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*me*tab"o*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hemi-</er>, and <er>Metabola</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Those insects which have an incomplete metamorphosis.</def>

<h1>Hemimetabolic</h1>
<Xpage=685>

<hw>Hem`i*met`a*bol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having an incomplete metamorphosis, the larv\'91 differing from the adults chiefly in laking wings, as in the grasshoppers and cockroaches.</def>

<h1>Hemimorphic</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Having the two ends modified with unlike planes; -- said of a crystal.</def>

<h1>Hemin</h1>
<Xpage=685>

<hw>He"min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ blood.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance, in the form of reddish brown, microscopic, prismatic crystals, formed from dried blood by the action of strong acetic acid and common salt; -- called also <i>Teichmann's</i> crystals. Chemically, it is a hydrochloride of hematin.</def>

<note>&hand; The obtaining of these small crystals, from old blood clots or suspected blood stains, constitutes one of the best evidences of the presence of blood.</note>

<h1>Hemina</h1>
<Xpage=685>

<hw>He*mi"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hemin\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A measure of half a sextary.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A measure equal to about ten fluid ounces.</def>

<h1>Hemionus</h1>
<Xpage=685>

<hw>He*mi"o*nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a half ass, a mule.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wild ass found in Thibet; the kiang.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Hemiopia, Hemiopsia</h1>
<Xpage=685>

<hw><hw>Hem`i*o"pi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hem`i*op"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ half + Gr. <?/ sight.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A defect of vision in consequence of which a person sees but half of an object looked at.</def>

<h1>Hemiorthotype</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*or"tho*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ straight + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Monoclinic</er>.</def>

<h1>Hemipeptone</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*pep"tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>peptone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A product of the gastric and pancreatic digestion of albuminous matter.</def>

<note>&hand; Unlike antipeptone it is convertible into leucin and tyrosin, by the continued action of pancreatic juice. See <er>Peptone</er>. It is also formed from hemialbumose and albumin by the action of boiling dilute sulphuric acid.</note>

<h1>Hemiplegia</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*ple"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ half + <?/ a stroke; cf. F. <ets>h\'82miplagie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A palsy that affects one side only of the body.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hem`i"pleg"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hemiplegy</h1>
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<hw>Hem"i*ple`gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hemiplegia.</def>

<h1>Hemipode</h1>
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<hw>Hem"i*pode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the genus <spn>Turnix</spn>. Various species inhabit Asia, Africa, and Australia.</def>

<h1>Hemiprotein</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*pro"te*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>protein</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An insoluble, proteid substance, described by Sch\'81tzenberger, formed when albumin is heated for some time with dilute sulphuric acid. It is apparently identical with antialbumid and dyspeptone.</def>

<h1>Hemipter</h1>
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<hw>He*mip"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>h\'82mipt\'8ares</ets>, pl.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Hemiptera.</def>

<h1>Hemiptera</h1>
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<hw>He*mip"te*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ half + <?/ wing, fr. <?/ to fly.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of hexapod insects having a jointed proboscis, including four sharp stylets (mandibles and maxill\'91), for piercing. In many of the species (Heteroptera) the front wings are partially coriaceous, and different from the others.</def>

<note>&hand; They are divided into the <i>Heteroptera</i>, including the squash bug, soldier bug, bedbug, etc.; the <i>Homoptera</i>, including the cicadas, cuckoo spits, plant lice, scale insects, etc.; the <i>Thysanoptera</i>, including the thrips, and, according to most recent writers, the <i>Pediculina</i> or true lice.</note>

<h1>Hemipteral, Hemipterous</h1>
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<hw><hw>He*mip"ter*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>He*mip"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Hemiptera.</def>

<h1>Hemipteran</h1>
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<hw>He*mip"ter*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Hemiptera; an hemipter.</def>

<h1>Hemisect</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*sect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hemisected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hemisecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + L. <ets>secare</ets> to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>To divide along the mesial plane.</def>

<h1>Hemisection</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*sec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A division along the mesial plane; also, one of the parts so divided.</def>

<h1>Hemisphere</h1>
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<hw>Hem"i*sphere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hemisphaerium</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ half = <?/ sphere: cf. F. <ets>h\'82misph\'8are</ets>. See <er>Hemi-</er>, and <er>Sphere</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A half sphere; one half of a sphere or globe, when divided by a plane passing through its center.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Half of the terrestrial globe, or a projection of the same in a map or picture.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The people who inhabit a hemisphere.</def>

<blockquote>He died . . . mourned by a <b>hemisphere</b>.
<i>J. P. Peters.</i></blockquote>ten

<cs><col>Cerebral hemispheres</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Brain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Magdeburg hemispheres</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>two hemispherical cups forming, when placed together, a cavity from which the air can be withdrawn by an air pump; -- used to illustrate the pressure of the air. So called because invented by Otto von Guericke at <i>Magdeburg<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hemispheric, Hemispherical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hem`i*spher"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hem`i*spher"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>h\'82misph\'82rique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing, or pertaining to, a hemisphere; <as>as, a <ex>hemispheric</ex> figure or form; a <ex>hemispherical</ex> body.</as></def>

<h1>Hemispheroid</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*sphe"roid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + <ets>spheroid</ets>.]</ety> <def>A half of a spheroid.</def>

<h1>Hemispheroidal</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*sphe*roid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling, or approximating to, a hemisphere in form.</def>

<h1>Hemispherule</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*spher"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A half spherule.</def>

<h1>Hemistich</h1>
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<hw>Hem"i*stich</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hemistichium</ets>, Gr. <grk>"hmisti`chion</grk>; <grk>"hmi-</grk> half + <grk>sti`chos</grk> row, line, verse: cf. F. <ets>h\'82mistiche</ets>.]</ety> <def>Half a poetic verse or line, or a verse or line not completed.</def>

<h1>Hemistichal</h1>
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<hw>He*mis"ti*chal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or written in, hemistichs; also, by, or according to, hemistichs; <as>as, a <ex>hemistichal</ex> division of a verse</as>.</def>

<h1>Hemisystole</h1>
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<hw>Hem`i*sys"to*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Contraction of only one ventricle of the heart.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Hemisystole</i> is noticed in rare cases of insufficiency of the mitral valve, in which both ventricles at times contract simultaneously, as in a normal heart, this condition alternating with contraction of the right ventricle alone; hence, <i>intermittent hemisystole</i>.</note>

<h1>Hemitone</h1>
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<hw>Hem"i*tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hemitonium</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>See <er>Semitone</er>.</def>

<h1>Hemitropal, Hemitropous</h1>
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<hw><hw>He*mit"ro*pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>He*mit"ro*pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hemitrope</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Turned half round; half inverted.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the raphe terminating about half way between the chalaza and the orifice; amphitropous; -- said of an ovule.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Hemitrope</h1>
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<hw>Hem"i*trope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to turn: cf. F. <ets>h\'82mitrope</ets>.]</ety> <def>Half turned round; half inverted; <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> having a twinned structure.</def>

<h1>Hemitrope</h1>
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<hw>Hem"i*trope</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is hemitropal in construction; <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> a twin crystal having a hemitropal structure.</def>

<h1>Hemitropy</h1>
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<hw>He*mit"ro*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Twin composition in crystals.</def>

<h1>Hemlock</h1>
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<hw>Hem"lock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hemeluc</ets>, <ets>humloc</ets>, AS. <ets>hemlic</ets>, <ets>hymlic</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of several poisonous umbelliferous herbs having finely cut leaves and small white flowers, as the <spn>Cicuta maculata</spn>, <spn>bulbifera</spn>, and <spn>virosa</spn>, and the <spn>Conium maculatum</spn>. See <er>Conium</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The potion of <i>hemlock</i> administered to Socrates is by some thought to have been a decoction of <spn>Cicuta virosa</spn>, or <i>water hemlock</i>, by others, of <spn>Conium maculatum</spn>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An evergreen tree common in North America (<spn>Abies, &or; Tsuga, Canadensis</spn>); hemlock spruce.</def>

<blockquote>The murmuring pines and the <b>hemlocks</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The wood or timber of the hemlock tree.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Ground hemlock</col>, &or; <col>Dwarf hemlock</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Ground</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hemmel</h1>
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<hw>Hem"mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>hemmel</ets>, <ets>hammel</ets>, Prov. E. <ets>hemble</ets> hovel, stable, shed, perh. allied to D. <ets>hemel</ets> heaven, canopy, G. <ets>himmel</ets>; cf. E. <ets>heaven</ets>. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>A shed or hovel for cattle.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Hemmer</h1>
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<hw>Hem"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, hems with a needle</def>. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An attachment to a sewing machine, for turning under the edge of a piece of fabric, preparatory to stitching it down</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tool for turning over the edge of sheet metal to make a hem.</def>

<h1>Hemo-</h1>
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<hw>Hem"o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Same as <er>H\'91ma-</er>, <er>H\'91mo-</er>.</def>

<h1>Hemoglobin</h1>
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<hw>Hem"o*glo"bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemo-</ets> + <ets>globe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The normal coloring matter of the red blood corpuscles of vertebrate animals. It is composed of hematin and globulin, and is also called <altname>h\'91matoglobulin</altname>. In arterial blood, it is always combined with oxygen, and is then called <stype>oxyhemoglobin</stype>. It crystallizes under different forms from different animals, and when crystallized, is called <stype>h\'91matocrystallin</stype>. See <cref>Blood crystal</cref>, under <er>Blood</er>.</def>

<h1>Hemoglobinometer</h1>
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<hw>Hem`o*glo"bin*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>H\'91mochromometer</er>.</def>

<h1>Hemophilia</h1>
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<hw>Hem`o*phil"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hematophilia</er>.</def>

<h1>Hemoptysis</h1>
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<hw>He*mop"ty*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ blood + <?/ to spit: cf. F. <ets>h\'82moptysie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The expectoration of blood, due usually to hemorrhage from the mucous membrane of the lungs.</def>

<h1>Hemorrhage</h1>
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<hw>Hem"or*rhage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>haemorrhagia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ blood + <?/ to break, burst: cf. F. <ets>h\'82morriage</ets>, <ets>h\'82morrhagie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any discharge of blood from the blood vessels.</def>

<note>&hand; The blood circulates in a system of closed tubes, the rupture of which gives rise to hemorrhage.</note>

<h1>Hemorrhagic</h1>
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<hw>Hem`or*rhag"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>h\'82morrhagique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining or tending to a flux o<?/ blood; consisting in, or accompanied by, hemorrhage.</def>

<h1>Hemorrhoidal</h1>
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<hw>Hem`or*rhoid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>h\'82morro\'8bdal</ets>, <ets>h\'82morrho\'8bdal</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, hemorrhoids.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the rectum; rectal; <as>as, the <ex>hemorrhoidal</ex> arteries, veins, and nerves</as>.</def>

<h1>Hemorrhoids</h1>
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<hw>Hem"or*rhoids</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>haemorrhoidae</ets>, pl., Gr. <?/, sing., <?/ (sc. <?/), pl., veins liable to discharge blood, hemorrhoids, fr. <?/ flowing with blood; <?/ blood + <?/ to flow: cf. F. <ets>h\'82morro\'8bdes</ets>, <ets>h\'82morrho\'8bdes</ets>. See <er>Rheum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Livid and painful swellings formed by the dilation of the blood vessels around the margin of, or within, the anus, from which blood or mucus is occasionally discharged; piles; emerods. <usage>[The sing. <singw>hemorrhoid</singw> is rarely used.]</usage></def>

<h1>Hemostatic</h1>
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<hw>Hem`o*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hemo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ causing to stand, fr. <?/ to stand.]</ety>ets>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or relating to stagnation of the blood.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Serving to arrest hemorrhage; styptic.</def>

<h1>Hemostatic</h1>
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<hw>Hem`o*stat"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine or application to arrest hemorrhage.</def>

<h1>Hemoothorax</h1>
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<hw>Hemo"o*tho"rax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hemo-</er>, and <er>Thorax</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An effusion of blood into the cavity of the pleura.</def>

<h1>Hemp</h1>
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<hw>Hemp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hemp</ets>, AS. <ets>henep</ets>, <ets>h\'91nep</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hennep</ets>, OHG. <ets>hanaf</ets>, G. <ets>hanf</ets>, Icel. <ets>hampr</ets>, Dan. <ets>hamp</ets>, Sw. <ets>hampa</ets>, L. <ets>cannabis</ets>, <ets>cannabum</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/; cf. Russ. <ets>conoplia</ets>, Skr. <?/<ets>a<?/a</ets>; all prob. borrowed from some other language at an early time. Cf. <er>Cannabine</er>, <er>Canvas</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Cannabis</spn> (<spn>C. sativa</spn>), the fibrous skin or bark of which is used for making cloth and cordage. The name is also applied to various other plants yielding fiber.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fiber of the skin or rind of the plant, prepared for spinning. The name has also been extended to various fibers resembling the true hemp.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>African hemp</col>, <col>Bowstring hemp</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>African</er>, and <er>Bowstring</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bastard hemp</col>, <cd>the Asiatic herb <spn>Datisca cannabina</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Canada hemp</col>, <cd>a species of dogbane (<spn>Apocynum cannabinum</spn>), the fiber of which was used by the Indians.</cd> -- <col>Hemp agrimony</col>, <cd>a coarse, composite herb of Europe (<spn>Eupatorium cannabinum</spn>), much like the American boneset.</cd> -- <col>Hemp nettle</col>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Galeopsis</spn> (<spn>G. Tetrahit</spn>), belonging to the Mint family.</cd> -- <col>Indian hemp</col>. <cd>See under <er>Indian</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>Manila hemp</col>, <cd>the fiber of <spn>Musa textilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Sisal hemp</col>, <cd>the fiber of <spn>Agave sisalana</spn>, of Mexico and Yucatan.</cd> -- <col>Sunn hemp</col>, <cd>a fiber obtained from a leguminous plant (<spn>Crotalaria juncea</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Water hemp</col>, <cd>an annual American weed (<spn>Acnida cannabina</spn>), related to the amaranth.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hempen</h1>
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<hw>Hemp"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made of hemp; <as>as, a <ex>hempen</ex> cord</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Like hemp.</def> "Beat into a <i>hempen</i> state."

<i>Cook.</i>

<h1>Hempy</h1>
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<hw>Hemp"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like hemp.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<mhw><h1>Hemself, Hemselve </</mhw>, Hemselven</h1>
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<hw>Hem*self"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hem*selve"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <hw>Hem*selv"en</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>pron. pl</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Hem</er>, <tt>pron</tt>.]</ety> <def>Themselves; -- used reflexively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hemstitch</h1>
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<hw>Hem"stitch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hemstitched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hemstitching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Hem</ets> + <ets>stitch</ets>.]</ety> <def>To ornament at the head of a broad hem by drawing out a few parallel threads, and fastening the cross threads in successive small clusters; <as>as, to <ex>hemstitch</ex> a handkerchief</as>.</def>

<h1>Hemstitched</h1>
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<hw>Hem"stitched</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a broad hem separated from the body of the article by a line of open work; <as>as, a <ex>hemistitched</ex> handkerchief</as>.</def>

<h1>Hemuse</h1>
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<hw>He"muse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The roebuck in its third year.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Hen</h1>
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<hw>Hen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>henn</ets>, <ets>hen</ets>, <ets>h\'91n</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hen</ets>, OHG.  <ets>henna</ets>, G. <ets>henne</ets>, Icel. <ets>h</ets><?/<ets>na</ets>, Dan. <ets>h\'94na</ets>; the fem. corresponding to AS. <ets>hana</ets> cock, D. <ets>haan</ets>, OHG. <ets>hano</ets>, G. <ets>hahn</ets>, Icel. <ets>hani</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>hane</ets>. Prob. akin to L. <ets>canere</ets> to sing, and orig. meaning, a singer. Cf. <er>Chanticleer</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The female of the domestic fowl; also, the female of grouse, pheasants, or any kind of birds; <as>as, the heath <ex>hen</ex>; the gray <ex>hen</ex>.</as></def>

<note>&hand; Used adjectively or in combination to indicate the female; as, <i>hen</i> canary, <i>hen</i> eagle, <i>hen</i> turkey, pea<i>hen</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Hen clam</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A clam of the <spn>Mactra</spn>, and allied genera; the sea clam or surf clam. See <er>Surf clam</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A California clam of the genus <spn>Pachydesma</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Hen driver</col>. <cd>See <cref>Hen harrier</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Hen harrier</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a hawk (<spn>Circus cyaneus</spn>), found in Europe and America; -- called also <altname>dove hawk</altname>, <altname>henharm</altname>, <altname>henharrow</altname>, <altname>hen driver</altname>, and usually, in America, <altname>marsh hawk</altname>. See <er>Marsh hawk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hen hawk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of large hawks which capture hens; esp., the American red-tailed hawk (<spn>Buteo borealis</spn>), the red-shouldered hawk (<spn>B. lineatus</spn>), and the goshawk.</cd></cs>

<h1>Henbane</h1>
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<hw>Hen"bane`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hen</ets> + <ets>bane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Hyoscyamus</spn> (<spn>H. niger</spn>). All parts of the plant are poisonous, and the leaves are used for the same purposes as belladonna. It is poisonous to domestic fowls; whence the name. Called also, <altname>stinking nightshade</altname>, from the fetid odor of the plant. See <er>Hyoscyamus</er>.</def>

<h1>Henbit</h1>
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<hw>Hen"bit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A weed of the genus <spn>Lamium</spn> (<spn>L. amplexicaule</spn>) with deeply crenate leaves.</def>

<h1>Hence</h1>
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<hw>Hence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hennes</ets>, <ets>hens</ets> (the <ets>s</ets> is prop. a genitive ending; cf. <er>-wards</er>), also <ets>hen</ets>, <ets>henne</ets>, <ets>hennen</ets>, <ets>heonnen</ets>, <ets>heonene</ets>, AS. <ets>heonan</ets>, <ets>heonon</ets>, <ets>heona</ets>, <ets>hine</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>hinn\'ben</ets>, G. <ets>hinnen</ets>, OHG. <ets>hina</ets>, G. <ets>hin</ets>; all from the root of E. <ets>he</ets>. See <er>He</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>From this place; away.</def> "Or that we <i>hence</i> wend."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Arise, let us go <b>hence</b>.
<i>John xiv. 31.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will send thee far <b>hence</b> unto the Gentiles.
<i>Acts xxii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>From this time; in the future; <as>as, a week <ex>hence</ex></as>.</def> "Half an hour <i>hence</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<hr>
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Page 686<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>From this reason; as an inference or deduction.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hence</b>, perhaps, it is, that Solomon calls the fear of the Lord the beginning of wisdom.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>From this source or origin.</def>

<blockquote>All other faces borrowed <b>hence</b>
Their light and grace.
<i>Suckling.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whence come wars and fightings among you? Come they not <b>hence</b>, even of your lusts?
<i>James. iv. 1.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Hence</i> is used, elliptically and imperatively, for <i>go hence</i>; <i>depart hence</i>; <i>away</i>; <i>be gone</i>. "<i>Hence</i> with your little ones." <i>Shak</i>. -- <i>From hence</i>, though a pleonasm, is fully authorized by the usage of good writers.</note><-- raus! -->

<blockquote>An ancient author prophesied <b>from hence</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Expelled <b>from hence</b> into a world
Of woe and sorrow.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hence</h1>
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<hw>Hence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To send away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Henceforth</h1>
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<hw>Hence`forth"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>From this time forward; henceforward.</def>

<blockquote>I never from thy side <b>henceforth</b> to stray.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Henceforward</h1>
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<hw>Hence`for"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>From this time forward; henceforth.</def>

<h1>Henchboy</h1>
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<hw>Hench"boy`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A page; a servant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Henchman</h1>
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<hw>Hench"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-men</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>hencheman</ets>, <ets>henxman</ets>; prob. fr. OE. & AS. <ets>hengest</ets> horse + E. <ets>man</ets>, and meaning, a groom. AS. <ets>hengest</ets> is akin to D. & G. <ets>hengst</ets> stallion, OHG. <ets>hengist</ets> horse, gelding.]</ety> <def>An attendant; a servant; a follower. Now chiefly used as a political cant term.</def>

<h1>Hencoop</h1>
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<hw>Hen"coop`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coop or cage for hens.</def>

<h1>Hende</h1>
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<hw>Hende</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE., near, handy, kind, fr. AS. <ets>gehende</ets> near, fr. <ets>hand</ets> hand. See <er>Handy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Skillful; dexterous; clever.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Friendly; civil; gentle; kind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hendecagon</h1>
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<hw>Hen*dec"a*gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ eleven + <?/ angle: cf. F. <ets>hend\'82cagone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A plane figure of eleven sides and eleven angles.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>endecagon</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hendecane</h1>
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<hw>Hen"de*cane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"e`ndeka</grk> eleven.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon, <chform>C11H24</chform>, of the paraffin series; -- so called because it has eleven atoms of carbon in each molecule. Called also <altname>endecane</altname>, <altname>undecane</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hendecasyllabic</h1>
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<hw>Hen*dec`a*syl*lab"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a line of eleven syllables.</def>

<h1>Hendecasyllable</h1>
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<hw>Hen*dec"a*syl`la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hendecasyllabus</ets>, Gr. <?/ eleven-syllabled; <?/ eleven + <?/ syllable: cf. F. <ets>hend\'82casyllabe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A metrical line of eleven syllables.</def>

<i>J. Warton.</i>

<h1>Hendecatoic</h1>
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<hw>Hen*dec`a*to"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hendecane</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Undecylic; pertaining to, or derived from, hendecane; <as>as, <ex>hendecatoic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Hendiadys</h1>
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<hw>Hen*di"a*dys</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ <?/ <?/ one by two.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A figure in which the idea is expressed by two nouns connected by <i>and</i>, instead of by a noun and limiting adjective; <as>as, we drink from <ex>cups and gold</ex>, for <ex>golden cups</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Hendy</h1>
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<hw>Hen"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Hende</er>.</def>

<h1>Henen</h1>
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<hw>Hen"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Hence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Henfish</h1>
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<hw>Hen"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A marine fish; the sea bream.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A young bib. See <er>Bib</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Heng</h1>
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<hw>Heng</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <tt>imp.</tt> <mord>of <er>Hang</er></mord>. <def>Hung.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hen-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Hen"-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cowardly; timid; chicken-hearted.</def>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Henhouse</h1>
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<hw>Hen"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Henhouses</plw>.</plu> <def>A house or shelter for fowls.</def>

<h1>Henhussy</h1>
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<hw>Hen"hus`sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cotquean; a man who intermeddles with women's concerns.</def>

<h1>Heniquen</h1>
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<hw>He*ni"quen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Jeniquen</er>.</def>

<h1>Henna</h1>
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<hw>Hen"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>hinn\'be</ets> alcanna (<spn>Lawsonia inermis</spn> or <spn>alba</spn>). Cf. <er>Alcanna</er>, <er>Alkanet</er>, <er>Orchanet</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A thorny tree or shrub of the genus <spn>Lawsonia</spn> (<spn>L. alba</spn>). The fragrant white blossoms are used by the Buddhists in religious ceremonies. The powdered leaves furnish a red coloring matter used in the East to stain the hails and fingers, the manes of horses, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The leaves of the henna plant, or a preparation or dyestuff made from them.</def>

<h1>Hennery</h1>
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<hw>Hen"ner*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inclosed place for keeping hens.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Hennes</h1>
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<hw>Hen"nes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Hence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hennotannic</h1>
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<hw>Hen`no*tan"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Henna</ets> + <ets>tannic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a brown resinous substance resembling tannin, and extracted from the henna plant; <as>as, <ex>hennotannic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Henoge ny, Henogenesis</h1>
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<hw><hw>He*nog"e* ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hen`o*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, masc., <?/, neut., one + root of <?/ to be born.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Ontogeny</er>.</def>

<h1>Henotheism</h1>
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<hw>Hen"o*the*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, one + E. <ets>theism</ets>.]</ety> <def>Primitive religion in which each of several divinities is regarded as independent, and is worshiped reference to the rest.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Henotic</h1>
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<hw>He*not"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to unite, fr. <?/ one.]</ety> <def>Harmonizing; irenic.</def>

<i>Gladstone.</i>

<h1>Henpeck</h1>
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<hw>Hen"peck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Henpecked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb.</tt> <er>Henpecking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To subject to petty authority; -- said of a wife who thus treats her husband. Commonly used in the past participle (often adjectively).</def>

<h1>Henroost</h1>
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<hw>Hen"roost`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place where hens roost.</def>

<h1>Henry</h1>
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<hw>Hen"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Henrys</plw></plu>. <ety>[From Joseph <ets>Henry</ets>, an American physicist.]</ety> <def>The unit of electric induction; the induction in a circuit when the electro-motive force induced in this circuit is one volt, while the inducing current varies at the rate of one amp\'8are a second.</def>

<h1>Hen's-foot</h1>
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<hw>Hen's-foot`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An umbelliferous plant (<spn>Caucalis daucoides</spn>).</def>

<h1>Hent</h1>
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<hw>Hent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Hente</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Hent</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hente</ets>, <ets>henten</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>hentan</ets>, <ets>gehentan</ets>, to pursue, take, seize; cf. Icel. <ets>henda</ets>, Goth. <ets>hinpan</ets> (in compos.), and E. <ets>hunt</ets>.]</ety> <def>To seize; to lay hold on; to catch; to get.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman. Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>This cursed Jew him <b>hente</b> and held him fast.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But all that he might of his friendes <b>hente</b>
On bookes and on learning he it spente.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Henware</h1>
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<hw>Hen"ware`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A coarse, blackish seaweed. See <er>Badderlocks</er>.</def>

<h1>Henxman</h1>
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<hw>Henx"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Henchman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hep</h1>
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<hw>Hep</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hip</er>, the fruit of the dog-rose.</def>

<h1>Hepar</h1>
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<hw>He"par</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hepar</ets>, <ets>hepatis</ets>, the liver, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Liver of sulphur; a substance of a liver-brown color, sometimes used in medicine. It is formed by fusing sulphur with carbonates of the alkalies (esp. potassium), and consists essentially of alkaline sulphides. Called also <altname>hepar sulphuris</altname> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any substance resembling hepar proper, in appearance; specifically, in homeopathy, calcium sulphide, called also <altname>hepar sulphuris calcareum</altname> (<?/).</def>

<cs><col>Hepar antimonii</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a substance, of a liver-brown color, obtained by fusing together antimony sulphide with alkaline sulphides, and consisting of sulphantimonites of the alkalies; -- called also <altname>liver of antimony</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hepatic</h1>
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<hw>He*pat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hepaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ the liver; akin to L. <ets>jecur</ets>, Skr. <ets>yak<?/t</ets>: cf. F. <ets>h\'82patique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the liver; <as>as, <ex>hepatic</ex> artery; <ex>hepatic</ex> diseases.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling the liver in color or in form; <as>as, <ex>hepatic</ex> cinnabar</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the plants called <spn>Hepatic\'91</spn>, or scale mosses and liverworts.</def>

<cs><col>Hepatic duct</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>any biliary duct; esp., the duct, or one of the ducts, which carries the bile from the liver to the cystic and common bile ducts. See <i>Illust<i>., under <er>Digestive</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hepatic gas</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>sulphureted hydrogen gas.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Hepatic mercurial ore</col>, &or; <col>Hepatic cinnabar</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Cinnabar</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hepatica</h1>
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<hw>He*pat"i*ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hepatic\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Hepatic</er>. So called in allusion to the shape of the lobed leaves or fronds.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of pretty spring flowers closely related to Anemone; squirrel cup.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant, usually procumbent and mosslike, of the cryptogamous class <spn>Hepatic\'91</spn>; -- called also <altname>scale moss</altname> and <altname>liverwort</altname>. See <er>Hepatic\'91</er>, in the Supplement.</def>

<h1>Hepatical</h1>
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<hw>He*pat"ic*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hepatic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Hepatite</h1>
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<hw>Hep"a*tite</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hepatitis</ets> an unknown precious stone, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, the liver: cf. F. <ets>h\'82patite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of barite emitting a fetid odor when rubbed or heated.</def>

<h1>Hepatitis</h1>
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<hw>Hep`a*ti"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, liver + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the liver.</def>

<h1>Hepatization</h1>
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<hw>Hep`a*ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Impregnating with sulphureted hydrogen gas.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>h\'82patisation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Conversion into a substance resembling the liver; a state of the lungs when gorged with effused matter, so that they are no longer pervious to the air.</def>

<h1>Hepatize</h1>
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<hw>Hep"a*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hepatized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hepatizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to be like the liver, to be liver-colored, fr. <?/, <?/, the liver: cf. E. <ets>hepatite</ets>, and (for sense 2) F. <ets>h\'82patiser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To impregnate with sulphureted hydrogen gas, formerly called <i>hepatic</i> gas.</def>

<blockquote>On the right . . . were two wells of <b>hepatized</b> water.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To gorge with effused matter, as the lungs.</def>

<h1>Hepatocele</h1>
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<hw>He*pat"o*cele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the liver + <?/ tumor.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hernia of the liver.</def>

<h1>Hepatocystic</h1>
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<hw>Hep`a*to*cys"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hepatic</ets> + <ets>cystic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the liver and gall bladder; <as>as, the <ex>hepatocystic</ex> ducts</as>.</def>

<h1>Hepatogastric</h1>
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<hw>Hep`a*to*gas"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hepatic</ets> + <ets>gastric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gastrohepatic</er>.</def>

<h1>Hepatogenic, Hepatogenous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hep`a*to*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hep`a*tog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"h^par</grk>, <grk>"h`patos</grk>, the liver + root of <grk>gi`gnesthai</grk> to be born]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Arising from the liver; due to a condition of the liver; <as>as, <ex>hepatogenic</ex> jaundice</as>.</def>

<h1>Hepatology</h1>
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<hw>Hep`a*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"h^par</grk>, <grk>"h`patos</grk>, the liver + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the liver; a treatise on the liver.</def>

<h1>Hepato-pancreas</h1>
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<hw>Hep"a*to-pan"cre*as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"h^par</grk>, <grk>"h`patos</grk>, the liver + E. <ets>pancreas</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A digestive gland in Crustacea, Mollusca, etc., usually called the liver, but different from the liver of vertebrates.</def>

<h1>Hepatorenal</h1>
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<hw>Hep`a*to*re"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hepat</ets>ic + <ets>renal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the liver and kidneys; <as>as, the <ex>hepatorenal</ex> ligament</as>.</def>

<h1>Hepatoscopy</h1>
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<hw>Hep`a*tos"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; fr. <grk>"h^par</grk>, <grk>"h`patos</grk>, the liver + <?/ to view: cf. F. <ets>h\'82patoscopie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by inspecting the liver of animals.</def>

<h1>Heppen</h1>
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<hw>Hep"pen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>geh\'91p</ets> fit, Icel. <ets>heppinn</ets> lucky, E. <ets>happy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Neat; fit; comfortable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hepper</h1>
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<hw>Hep"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young salmon; a parr.</def>

<h1>Hepta</h1>
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<hw>Hep"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Seven</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form from Gr. <grk>"epta`</grk>, seven.</def>

<h1>Heptachord</h1>
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<hw>Hep"ta*chord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"epta`xordos</grk> seven-stringed; <grk>"epta`</grk> seven + <grk>xordh`</grk> chord: cf. F. <ets>heptacorde</ets>. See <er>Seven</er>, and <er>Chord</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anc. Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A system of seven sounds.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A lyre with seven chords.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anc. Poet.)</fld> <def>A composition sung to the sound of seven chords or tones.</def>

<i>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</i>

<h1>Heptad</h1>
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<hw>Hep"tad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>heptas</ets> the number seven. Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <grk>"epta`</grk> seven.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An atom which has a valence of seven, and which can be theoretically combined with, substituted for, or replaced by, <i>seven</i> monad atoms or radicals; <as>as, iodine is a <ex>heptad</ex> in iodic acid</as>. Also used as an adjective.</def>

<h1>Heptade</h1>
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<hw>Hep"tade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>heptade</ets>. See <er>Heptad</er>.]</ety> <def>The sum or number of seven.</def>

<h1>Heptaglot</h1>
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<hw>Hep"ta*glot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <grk>"epta`</grk> seven + 3, <?/, tongue, language.]</ety> <def>A book in seven languages.</def>

<h1>Heptagon</h1>
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<hw>Hep"ta*gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sevencornered; <grk>"epta`</grk> seven + <?/ angle: cf. F. <ets>heptagone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A plane figure consisting of seven sides and having seven angles.</def>

<h1>Heptagonal</h1>
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<hw>Hep*tag"o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>heptagonal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having seven angles or sides.</def>

<cs><col>Heptagonal numbers</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>the numbers of the series 1, 7, 18, 34, 55, etc., being figurate numbers formed by adding successively the terms of the arithmetical series 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Heptagynia</h1>
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<hw>Hep`ta*gyn"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"epta`</grk> seven + <?/ woman, female: cf. F. <ets>heptagunie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an order of plants having seven pistils.</def>

<h1>Heptagynian, Heptagynous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hep`ta*gyn"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hep*tag"y*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>heptagyne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having seven pistils.</def>

<h1>Heptahedron</h1>
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<hw>Hep`ta*he"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hepta-</ets> + Gr. <?/ seat, base, fr. <?/ to sit: cf. F. <ets>hepta\'8adre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A solid figure with seven sides.</def>

<h1>Heptamerous</h1>
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<hw>Hep*tam"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hepta-</ets> + Gr. <?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Consisting of seven parts, or having the parts in sets of sevens.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Heptandria</h1>
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<hw>Hep*tan"dri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"epta`</grk> seven + <?/, <?/, man, male: cf. F. <ets>heptandrie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an class of plants having seven stamens.</def>

<h1>Heptandrian, Heptandrous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hep*tan"dri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hep*tan"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>heptandre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having seven stamens.</def>

<h1>Heptane</h1>
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<hw>Hep"tane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"epta`</grk> seven.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of several isometric hydrocarbons, <chform>C7H16</chform>, of the paraffin series (nine are possible, four are known); -- so called because the molecule has <i>seven</i> carbon atoms. Specifically, a colorless liquid, found as a constituent of petroleum, in the tar oil of cannel coal, etc.</def>

<h1>Heptangular</h1>
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<hw>Hep*tan"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hepta-</ets> + <ets>angular</ets>: cf. F. <ets>heptangulaire</ets>. Cf. <er>Septangular</er>.]</ety> <def>Having seven angles.</def>

<h1>Heptaphyllous</h1>
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<hw>Hep*taph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hepta-</ets> + Gr. <?/ leaf: cf. F. <ets>heptaphylle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having seven leaves.</def>

<h1>Heptarch</h1>
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<hw>Hep"tarch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Heptarchist</er>.</def>

<h1>Heptarchic</h1>
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<hw>Hep*tar"chic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>heptarchique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a heptarchy; constituting or consisting of a heptarchy.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Heptarchist</h1>
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<hw>Hep"tarch*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A ruler of one division of a heptarchy.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>heptarch</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Heptarchy</h1>
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<hw>Hep"tarch*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hepta-</ets> + <ets>-archy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>heptarchie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A government by seven persons; also, a country under seven rulers.</def>

<note>&hand; The word is most commonly applied to England, when it was divided into seven kingdoms; as, the Saxon <i>heptachy</i>, which consisted of Kent, the South Saxons (Sussex), West Saxons (Wessex), East Saxons (Essex), the East Angles, Mercia, and Northumberland.</note>

<h1>Heptaspermous</h1>
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<hw>Hep`ta*sper"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hepta-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having seven seeds.</def>

<h1>Heptastich</h1>
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<hw>Hep"ta*stich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hepta-</ets> + Gr. <grk>sti`chos</grk> line, verse.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A composition consisting of seven lines or verses.</def>

<h1>Heptateuch</h1>
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<hw>Hep"ta*teuch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>heptateuchos</ets>, Gr. <grk>"epta`</grk> seven + <?/ tool, book; <?/ to prepare, make, work: cf. F. <ets>heptateuque</ets>.]</ety> <def>The first seven books of the Testament.</def>

<h1>Heptavalent</h1>
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<hw>Hep*tav"a*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hepta-</ets> + L. <ets>valens</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Valence</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having seven units of attractive force or affinity; -- said of <i>heptad</i> elements or radicals.</def>

<h1>Heptene</h1>
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<hw>Hep"tene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"epta`</grk> seven.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Heptylene</er>.</def>

<h1>Heptine</h1>
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<hw>Hep"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hept</ets>ane + <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a series of unsaturated metameric hydrocarbons, <chform>C7H12</chform>, of the acetylene series.</def>

<h1>Heptoic</h1>
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<hw>Hep*to"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, heptane; <as>as, <ex>heptoic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Heptone</h1>
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<hw>Hep"tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"epta`</grk> seven.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid hydrocarbon, <chform>C7H10</chform>, of the valylene series.</def>

<h1>Hep tree</h1>
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<hw>Hep" tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Hep</er>.]</ety> <def>The wild dog-rose.</def>

<h1>Heptyl</h1>
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<hw>Hep"tyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hepta-</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound radical, <chform>C7H15</chform>, regarded as the essential radical of heptane and a related series of compounds.</def>

<h1>Heptylene</h1>
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<hw>Hep"tyl*ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless liquid hydrocarbon, <chform>C7H14</chform>, of the ethylene series; also, any one of its isomers. Called also <altname>heptene</altname>.</def>

<h1>Heptylic</h1>
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<hw>Hep*tyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, heptyl or heptane; <as>as, <ex>heptylic</ex> alcohol</as>. Cf. <er><OE/nanthylic</er>.</def>

<h1>Her</h1>
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<hw>Her</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron. & a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hire</ets>, <ets>here</ets>, <ets>hir</ets>, <ets>hure</ets>, gen. and dat. sing., AS. <ets>hire</ets>, gen. and dat. sing. of <ets>h\'82o</ets> she. from the same root as E. <ets>he</ets>. See <er>He</er>.]</ety> <def>The form of the objective and the possessive case of the personal pronoun <i>she</i>; <as>as, I saw <ex>her</ex> with <ex>her</ex> purse out</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The possessive <i>her</i> takes the form <i>hers</i> when the noun with which in agrees is not given, but implied. "And what his fortune wanted, <i>hers</i> could mend."</note>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<mhw><h1>Her, Here</h1>
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<hw>Her</hw>, <hw>Here</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>pron. pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>here</ets>, <ets>hire</ets>, AS. <ets>heora</ets>, <ets>hyra</ets>, gen. pl. of <ets>h&emac;</ets>. See <er>He</er>.]</ety> <def>Of them; their.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<blockquote>On <b>here</b> bare knees adown they fall.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heracleonite</h1>
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<hw>He*rac"le*on*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of Heracleon of Alexandria, a Judaizing Gnostic, in the early history of the Christian church.</def>

<h1>Herakline</h1>
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<hw>He*rak"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ Hercules.]</ety> <def>A picrate compound, used as an explosive in blasting.</def>

<h1>Herald</h1>
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<hw>Her"ald</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>herald</ets>, <ets>heraud</ets>, OF. <ets>heralt</ets>, <ets>heraut</ets>, <ets>herault</ets>, F. <ets>h\'82raut</ets>, LL. <ets>heraldus</ets>, <ets>haraldus</ets>, fr. (assumed) OHG. <ets>heriwalto</ets>, <ets>hariwaldo</ets>, a (civil) officer who serves the army; <ets>hari</ets>, <ets>heri</ets>, army + <ets>waltan</ets> to manage, govern, G. <ets>walten</ets>; akin to E. <ets>wield</ets>. See <er>Harry</er>, <er>Wield</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>An officer whose business was to denounce or proclaim war, to challenge to battle, to proclaim peace, and to bear messages from the commander of an army. He was invested with a sacred and inviolable character.</def>

<hr>
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Page 687<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the Middle Ages, the officer charged with the above duties, and also with the care of genealogies, of the rights and privileges of noble families, and especially of armorial bearings. In modern times, some vestiges of this office remain, especially in England. See <cref>Heralds' College</cref> (below), and <er>King-at-Arms</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A proclaimer; one who, or that which, publishes or announces; <as>as, the <ex>herald</ex> of another's fame</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A forerunner; a a precursor; a harbinger.</def>

<blockquote>It was the lark, the <b>herald</b> of the morn.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Any messenger.</def> "My <i>herald</i> is returned."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Heralds' College</col>, <cd>in England, an ancient corporation, dependent upon the crown, instituted or perhaps recognized by Richard III. in 1483, consisting of the three Kings-at-Arms and the Chester, Lancaster, Richmond, Somerset, Windsor, and York Heralds, together with the Earl Marshal. This retains from the Middle Ages the charge of the armorial bearings of persons privileged to bear them, as well as of genealogies and kindred subjects; -- called also <altname>College of Arms</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Herald</h1>
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<hw>Her"ald</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Heralded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Heralding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>herauder</ets>, <ets>heraulder</ets>.]</ety> <def>To introduce, or give tidings of, as by a herald; to proclaim; to announce; to foretell; to usher in.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Heraldic</h1>
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<hw>He*ral"dic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>h\'82raldique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to heralds or heraldry; <as>as, <ex>heraldic</ex> blazoning; <ex>heraldic</ex> language.</as></def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Heraldically</h1>
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<hw>He*ral"dic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an heraldic manner; according to the rules of heraldry.</def>

<h1>Heraldry</h1>
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<hw>Her"ald*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or office of a herald; the art, practice, or science of recording genealogies, and blazoning arms or ensigns armorial; also, of marshaling cavalcades, processions, and public ceremonies.</def>

<h1>Heraldship</h1>
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<hw>Her"ald*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a herald.</def>

<i>Selden.</i>

<h1>Herapathite</h1>
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<hw>Her"a*path*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after Dr. <ets>Herapath</ets>, the discoverer.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The sulphate of iodoquinine, a substance crystallizing in thin plates remarkable for their effects in polarizing light.</def>

<h1>Heraud</h1>
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<hw>Her"aud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A herald.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Herb</h1>
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<hw>Herb</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>herbe</ets>, <ets>erbe</ets>, OF. <ets>herbe</ets>, <ets>erbe</ets>, F. <ets>herbe</ets>, L. <ets>herba</ets>; perh. akin to Gr. <grk>forbh`</grk> food, pasture, <grk>fe`rbein</grk> to feed.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A plant whose stem does not become woody and permanent, but dies, at least down to the ground, after flowering.</def>

<note>&hand; Annual herbs live but one season; biennial herbs flower the second season, and then die; perennial herbs produce new stems year after year.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Grass; herbage.</def>

<blockquote>And flocks
Grazing the tender <b>herb</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Herb bennet</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Bennet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Herb Christopher</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an herb (<spn>Act\'91a spicata</spn>), whose root is used in nervous diseases; the baneberry. The name is occasionally given to other plants, as the royal fern, the wood betony, etc.</cd> -- <col>Herb Gerard</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the goutweed; -- so called in honor of St. <i>Gerard<i>, who used to be invoked against the gout. <i>Dr. Prior</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Herb grace</col>, &or; <col>Herb of grace</col></mcol>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Rue</er>.</cd> -- <col>Herb Margaret</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the daisy. See <er>Marguerite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Herb Paris</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an Old World plant related to the trillium (<spn>Paris quadrifolia</spn>), commonly reputed poisonous.</cd> -- <col>Herb Robert</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of <spn>Geranium</spn> (<spn>G. Robertianum</spn>.)</cd></cs>

<h1>Herbaceous</h1>
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<hw>Her*ba"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>herbaceus</ets> grassy. See <er>Herb</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to herbs; having the nature, texture, or characteristics, of an herb; <as>as, <ex>herbaceous</ex> plants; an <ex>herbaceous</ex> stem.</as></def>

<h1>Herbage</h1>
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<hw>Herb"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Herb</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Herbs collectively; green food beasts; grass; pasture.</def> "Thin <i>herbage</i> in the plaims."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law.)</fld> <def>The liberty or right of pasture in the forest or in the grounds of another man.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Herbaged</h1>
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<hw>Herb"aged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with grass.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Herbal</h1>
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<hw>Herb"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to herbs.</def>

<i>Quarles.</i>

<h1>Herbal</h1>
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<hw>Herb"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A book containing the names and descriptions of plants.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved; a hortus siccus; an herbarium.</def>

<i>Steele.</i>

<h1>Herbalism</h1>
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<hw>Herb"al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The knowledge of herbs.</def>

<h1>Herbalist</h1>
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<hw>Herb"al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in the knowledge of plants; a collector of, or dealer in, herbs, especially medicinal herbs.</def>

<h1>Herbar</h1>
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<hw>Herb"ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An herb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Herbarian</h1>
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<hw>Her*ba"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A herbalist.</def>

<h1>Herbarist</h1>
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<hw>Herb"a*rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A herbalist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Herbarium</h1>
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<hw>Her*ba"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Herbariums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Herbaria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL., fr. L. <ets>herba</ets>. See <er>Herb</er>, and cf. <er>Arbor</er>, <er>Herbary</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A collection of dried specimens of plants, systematically arranged.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A book or case for preserving dried plants.</def>

<h1>Herbarize</h1>
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<hw>Herb"a*rize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Herborize</er>.</def>

<h1>Herbary</h1>
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<hw>Herb"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Herbarium</er>.]</ety> <def>A garden of herbs; a cottage garden.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Herber</h1>
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<hw>Herb"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>herbier</ets>, LL. <ets>herbarium</ets>. See <er>Herbarium</er>.]</ety> <def>A garden; a pleasure garden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Into an <i>herber</i> green."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Herbergage</h1>
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<hw>Her"berg*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Harborage</er>.]</ety> <def>Harborage; lodging; shelter; harbor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Herbergeour</h1>
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<hw>Her"ber*geour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Harbinger</er>.]</ety> <def>A harbinger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<mhw><h1>Herbergh, Herberwe</h1>
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<hw>Her"bergh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Her"ber*we</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Harbor</er>.]</ety> <def>A harbor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Herbescent</h1>
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<hw>Her*bes"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>herbescens</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>herbescere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Growing into herbs.</def>

<h1>Herbid</h1>
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<hw>Herb"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>herbidus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Covered with herbs.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Herbiferous</h1>
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<hw>Her*bif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Herb</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>herbif\'82re</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing herbs or vegetation.</def>

<h1>Herbist</h1>
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<hw>Herb"ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A herbalist.</def>

<h1>Herbivora</h1>
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<hw>Her*biv"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>herba</ets> herb + <ets>vorare</ets> to devour.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive division of Mammalia. It formerly included the Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla, but by later writers it is generally restricted to the two latter groups (Ungulata). They feed almost exclusively upon vegetation.</def>

<h1>Herbivore</h1>
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<hw>Her"bi*vore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>herbivore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Herbivora.</def>

<i>P. H. Gosse.</i>

<h1>Herbivorous</h1>
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<hw>Her*biv"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Eating plants; of or pertaining to the Herbivora.</def>

<h1>Herbless</h1>
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<hw>Herb"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of herbs or of vegetation.</def>

<i>J. Warton.</i>

<h1>Herblet</h1>
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<hw>Herb"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small herb.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Herborist</h1>
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<hw>Her"bo*rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>herboriste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A herbalist.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Herborization</h1>
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<hw>Her`bo*ri*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>herborisation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of herborizing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The figure of plants in minerals or fossils.</def>

<h1>Herborize</h1>
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<hw>Her"bo*rize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Herborized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Herborizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>herboriser</ets>, for <ets>herbariser</ets>, fr. L. <ets>herbarium</ets>. See <er>Hebrarium</er>.]</ety> <def>To search for plants, or new species of plants, with a view to classifying them.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>herborized</b> as he traveled.
<i>W. Tooke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Herborize</h1>
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<hw>Her"bo*rize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form the figures of plants in; -- said in reference to minerals. See <er>Arborized</er>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Herborized</b> stones contain fine mosses.
<i>Fourcroy (Trans.)</i></blockquote>

<h1>Herborough</h1>
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<hw>Her"bor*ough</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Harborough</er>, and <er>Harbor</er>.]</ety> <def>A harbor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Herbose, Herbous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Her*bose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Herb"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>herbosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>herbeux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Abounding with herbs.</def> "Fields poetically called <i>herbose</i>."

<i>Byrom.</i>

<h1>Herb-woman</h1>
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<hw>Herb"-wom`an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Herb-women</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A woman that sells herbs.</def>

<h1>Herby</h1>
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<hw>Herb"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the nature of, pertaining to, or covered with, herbs or herbage.</def> "<i>Herby</i> valleys."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Hercogamous</h1>
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<hw>Her*cog"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a fence + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Not capable of self-fertilization; -- said of hermaphrodite flowers in which some structural obstacle forbids autogamy.</def>

<h1>Herculean</h1>
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<hw>Her*cu"le*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>herculeus</ets>, fr. <ets>Hercules</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hercul\'82en</ets>. See <er>Hercules</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Requiring the strength of Hercules; hence, very great, difficult, or dangerous; <as>as, an <ex>Herculean</ex> task</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having extraordinary strength or size; <as>as, <ex>Herculean</ex> limbs</as>.</def> "<i>Herculean</i> Samson."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Hercules</h1>
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<hw>Her"cu*les</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>A hero, fabled to have been the son of Jupiter and Alcmena, and celebrated for great strength, esp. for the accomplishment of his twelve great tasks or "labors."</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A constellation in the northern hemisphere, near Lyra.</def>

<cs><col>Hercules' beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of <spn>Dynastes</spn>, an American genus of very large lamellicorn beetles, esp. <spn>D. hercules</spn> of South America, which grows to a length of six inches.</cd> -- <col>Hercules' club</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An ornamental tree of the West Indies (<spn>Zanthoxylum Clava-Herculis</spn>), of the same genus with the prickly ash.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A variety of the common gourd (<spn>Lagenaria vulgaris</spn>). Its fruit sometimes exceeds five feet in length.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The Angelica tree. See under <er>Angelica</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hercules powder</col>, <cd>an explosive containing nitroglycerin; -- used for blasting.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hercynian</h1>
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<hw>Her*cyn"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Hercynia</ets> silva, <ets>Hercynius</ets> saltus, the Hercynian forest; cf. Gr. <?/ <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an extensive forest in Germany, of which there are still portions in Swabia and the Hartz mountains.</def>

<h1>Herd</h1>
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<hw>Herd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Haired.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Herd</h1>
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<hw>Herd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>herd</ets>, <ets>heord</ets>, AS. <ets>heord</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>herta</ets>,G. <ets>herde</ets>, Icel. <ets>hj\'94r<?/</ets>, Sw. <ets>hjord</ets>, Dan. <ets>hiord</ets>, Goth. <ets>ha\'a1rda</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>\'87ardha</ets> troop, host.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A number of beasts assembled together; <as>as, a <ex>herd</ex> of horses, oxen, cattle, camels, elephants, deer, or swine</as>; a particular stock or family of cattle.</def>

<blockquote>The lowing <b>herd</b> wind slowly o'er the lea.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Herd</i> is distinguished from <i>flock</i>, as being chiefly applied to the larger animals. A number of cattle, when driven to market, is called a <i>drove</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A crowd of low people; a rabble.</def>

<blockquote>But far more numerous was the <b>herd</b> of such
Who think too little and who talk too much.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You can never interest the common <b>herd</b> in the abstract question.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Herd's grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of grass, highly esteemed for hay. See under <er>Grass</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Herd</h1>
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<hw>Herd</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hirde</ets>, <ets>herde</ets>, <ets>heorde</ets>, AS. <ets>hirde</ets>, <ets>hyrde</ets>, <ets>heorde</ets>; akin to G. <ets>hirt</ets>, <ets>hirte</ets>, OHG. <ets>hirti</ets>, Icel. <ets>hir</ets><?/<ets>ir</ets>, Sw. <ets>herde</ets>, Dan. <ets>hyrde</ets>, Goth. <ets>ha\'a1rdeis</ets>. See 2d <er>Herd</er>.]</ety> <def>One who herds or assembles domestic animals; a herdsman; -- much used in composition; <as>as, a shep<ex>herd</ex>; a goat<ex>herd</ex>, and the like.</as></def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Herd</h1>
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<hw>Herd</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Herded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Herding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See 2d <er>Herd</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unite or associate in a herd; to feed or run together, or in company; <as>as, sheep <ex>herd</ex> on many hills</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To associate; to ally one's self with, or place one's self among, a group or company.</def>

<blockquote>I'll <b>herd</b> among his friends, and seem
One of the number.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To act as a herdsman or a shepherd.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Herd</h1>
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<hw>Herd</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form or put into a herd.</def>

<h1>Herdbook</h1>
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<hw>Herd"book`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A book containing the list and pedigrees of one or more herds of choice breeds of cattle; -- also called <altname>herd record</altname>, or <altname>herd register</altname>.</def>

<h1>Herder</h1>
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<hw>Herd"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A herdsman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Herderite</h1>
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<hw>Her"der*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after Baron von <ets>Herder</ets>, who discovered it.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A rare fluophosphate of glucina, in small white crystals.</def>

<h1>Herdess</h1>
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<hw>Herd"ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shepherdess; a female herder.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>  <i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Herdgroom</h1>
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<hw>Herd"groom`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A herdsman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Herdic</h1>
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<hw>Her"dic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from Peter <ets>Herdic</ets>, the inventor.]</ety> <def>A kind of low-hung cab.</def>

<h1>Herdman, Herdsman</h1>
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<hw><hw>Herd"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Herds"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-men</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The owner or keeper of a herd or of herds; one employed in tending a herd of cattle.</def>

<h1>Herdswoman</h1>
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<hw>Herds"wom`an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. -<plw>women</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A woman who tends a herd.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Here</h1>
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<hw>Here</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hair.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Here</h1>
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<hw>Here</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>See <er>Her</er>, their.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Her; hers. See <er>Her</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Here</h1>
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<hw>Here</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>her</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/r</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>h<?/r</ets>, D. <ets>hier</ets>, OHG. <ets>hiar</ets>, G. <ets>hier</ets>, Icel. & Goth. <ets>h<?/r</ets>, Dan. <ets>her</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'84r</ets>; fr. root of E. <ets>he</ets>. See <er>He</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In this place; in the place where the speaker is; -- opposed to <ant>there</ant>.</def>

<blockquote>He is not <b>here</b>, for he is risen.
<i>Matt. xxviii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the present life or state</def>.

<blockquote>Happy <b>here</b>, and more happy hereafter.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To or into this place; hither. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> See <er>Thither</er>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Here</b> comes Virgil.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou led'st me <b>here</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>At this point of time, or of an argument; now.</def>

<blockquote>The prisoner <b>here</b> made violent efforts to rise.
<i>Warren.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Here</i>, in the last sense, is sometimes used before a verb without subject; as, <i>Here goes</i>, for Now (something or somebody) goes; -- especially occurring thus in drinking healths. "<i>Here's</i> [a health] to thee, Dick."</note>

<i>Cowley.</i>

<cs><col>Here and there</col>, <cd>in one place and another; in a dispersed manner; irregularly. "Footsteps <i>here and there<i>." <i>Longfellow</i>.</cd> -- <col>It is neither, here nor there</col>, <cd>it is neither in this place nor in that, neither in one place nor in another; hence, it is to no purpose, irrelevant, nonsense.</cd><-- mostly used to mean "irrelevant" --> <i>Shak.</i></cs>

<h1>Herea-bout, Hereabouts</h1>
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<hw><hw>Here"a-bout`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Here"a*bouts`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>About this place; in this vicinity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Concerning this.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hereafter</h1>
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<hw>Here*aft"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h</ets><?/<ets>r\'91fter</ets>.]</ety> <def>In time to come; in some future time or state.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hereafter</b> he from war shall come.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hereafter</h1>
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<hw>Here*aft"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A future existence or state.</def>
<-- Syn. afterlife, the life to come, future life, eternal bliss, eternal reward, -->

<blockquote>'Tis Heaven itself that points out an <b>hereafter</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hereafterward</h1>
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<hw>Here*aft"er*ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Hereafter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou shalt <b>hereafterward</b> . . . come.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Here-at</h1>
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<hw>Here-at"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>At, or by reason of, this; <as>as, he was offended <ex>hereat</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Hereby</h1>
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<hw>Here*by"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>By means of this.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>hereby</b> we do know that we know him.
<i>1 John ii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Close by; very near.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hereditability</h1>
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<hw>He*red`i*ta*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being hereditable.</def>

<i>Brydges.</i>

<h1>Hereditable</h1>
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<hw>He*red"i*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>hereditabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>hereditare</ets> to inherit, fr. L. <ets>hereditas</ets> heirship inheritance, <ets>heres</ets> heir: cf. OF. <ets>hereditable</ets>. See <er>Heir</er>, and cf. <er>Heritable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being inherited. See <er>Inheritable</er>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Qualified to inherit; capable of inheriting.</def>

<h1>Hereditably</h1>
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<hw>He*red"i*ta*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By inheritance.</def>

<i>W. Tooke.</i>

<h1>Hereditament</h1>
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<hw>Her`e*dit"a*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>hereditamentum</ets>. See <er>Hereditable</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Any species of property that may be inherited; lands, tenements, anything corporeal or incorporeal, real, personal, or mixed, that may descend to an heir.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<note>&hand; A <i>corporeal hereditament</i> is visible and tangible; an <i>incorporeal hereditament</i> is not in itself visible or tangible, being an hereditary right, interest, or obligation, as duty to pay rent, or a right of way.</note>

<h1>Hereditarily</h1>
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<hw>He*red"i*ta*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By inheritance; in an hereditary manner.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Hereditary</h1>
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<hw>He*red"i*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hereditarius</ets>, fr. <ets>hereditas</ets> heirship, inheritance, fr. <ets>heres</ets> heir: cf. F. <ets>h\'82r\'82ditaire</ets>. See <er>Heir</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Descended, or capable of descending, from an ancestor to an heir at law; received or passing by inheritance, or that must pass by inheritance; <as>as, an <ex>hereditary</ex> estate or crown</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Transmitted, or capable of being transmitted, as a constitutional quality or condition from a parent to a child; <as>as, <ex>hereditary</ex> pride, bravery, disease</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Ancestral; patrimonial; inheritable.</syn>

<h1>Heredity</h1>
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<hw>He*red"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hereditas</ets> heirship.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Hereditary transmission of the physical and psychical qualities of parents to their offspring; the biological law by which living beings tend to repeat their characteristics in their descendants. See <er>Pangenesis</er>.</def>

<h1>Hereford</h1>
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<hw>Her"e*ford</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a breed of cattle originating in Herefordshire, England. The Herefords are good working animals, and their beef-producing quality is excellent.</def>

<h1>Herehence</h1>
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<hw>Here"hence`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>From hence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Herein</h1>
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<hw>Here*in"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h</ets><?/<ets>rinne</ets>.]</ety> <def>In this.</def>

<blockquote><b>Herein</b> is my Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit.
<i>John xv. 8.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hereinafter</h1>
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<hw>Here`in*aft"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the following part of this (writing, document, speech, and the like).</def>

<h1>Hereinbefore</h1>
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<hw>Here`in*be*fore"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the preceding part of this (writing, document, book, etc.).</def>

<h1>Hereinto</h1>
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<hw>Here`in*to"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Into this.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Heremit, Heremite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Her"e*mit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Her"e*mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hermit</er>.]</ety> <def>A hermit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Heremitical</h1>
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<hw>Her`e*mit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a hermit; solitary; secluded from society.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Heren</h1>
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<hw>Her"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of hair.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hereof</h1>
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<hw>Here*of"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Of this; concerning this; from this; hence.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hereof</b> comes it that Prince Harry is valiant.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hereon</h1>
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<hw>Here*on"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>On or upon this; hereupon.</def>

<h1>Hereout</h1>
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<hw>Here*out"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Out of this.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Heresiarch</h1>
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<hw>Her"e*si*arch</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>haeresiarcha</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ heresy + <?/ leader, <?/ to lead: cf. F. <ets>h\'82r\'82siarque</ets>.]</ety> <def>A leader in heresy; the chief of a sect of heretics.</def>

<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i>

<h1>Heresiarchy</h1>
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<hw>Her"e*si*arch`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chief or great heresy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The book itself [the Alcoran] consists of <b>heresiarchies</b> against our blessed Savior.
<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heresiographer</h1>
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<hw>Her`e*si*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Heresiography</er>.]</ety> <def>One who writes on heresies.</def>

<h1>Heresiography</h1>
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<hw>Her`e*si*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ heresy + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>h\'82r\'82siographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on heresy.</def>

<h1>Heresy</h1>
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<hw>Her"e*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Heresies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>heresie</ets>, <ets>eresie</ets>, OF. <ets>heresie</ets>, <ets>iresie</ets>, F. <ets>h\'82r\'82sie</ets>, L. <ets>haeresis</ets>, Gr. <?/ a taking, a taking for one's self, choosing, a choice, a sect, a heresy, fr. <?/ to take, choose.]</ety>

<hr>
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Page 688<p>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An opinion held in opposition to the established or commonly received doctrine, and tending to promote a division or party, as in politics, literature, philosophy, etc.; -- usually, but not necessarily, said in reproach.</def>

<blockquote>New opinions
Divers and dangerous, which are <b>heresies</b>,
And, not reformed, may prove pernicious.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>After the study of philosophy began in Greece, and the philosophers, disagreeing amongst themselves, had started many questions . . . because every man took what opinion he pleased, each several opinion was called a <b>heresy</b>; which signified no more than a private opinion, without reference to truth or falsehood.
<i>Hobbes.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Religious opinion opposed to the authorized doctrinal standards of any particular church, especially when tending to promote schism or separation; lack of orthodox or sound belief; rejection of, or erroneous belief in regard to, some fundamental religious doctrine or truth; heterodoxy.</def>

<blockquote>Doubts 'mongst divines, and difference of texts,
From whence arise diversity of sects,
And hateful <b>heresies</b> by God abhor'd.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Deluded people! that do not consider that the greatest <b>heresy</b> in the world is a wicked life.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An offense against Christianity, consisting in a denial of some essential doctrine, which denial is publicly avowed, and obstinately maintained.</def>

<blockquote>A second offense is that of <b>heresy</b>, which consists not in a total denial of Christianity, but of some its essential doctrines, publicly and obstinately avowed.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; "When I call dueling, and similar aberrations of honor, a moral <i>heresy</i>, I refer to the force of the Greek <?/, as signifying a principle or opinion taken up by the will for the will's sake, as a proof or pledge to itself of its own power of self-determination, independent of all other motives."</note>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Heretic</h1>
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<hw>Her"e*tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>haereticus</ets>, Gr. <?/ able to choose, heretical, fr. <?/ to take, choose: cf. F. <ets>h\'82r\'82tique</ets>. See <er>Heresy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who holds to a heresy; one who believes some doctrine contrary to the established faith or prevailing religion.</def>

<blockquote>A man that is an <b>heretic</b>, after the first and second admonition, reject.
<i>Titus iii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>One who having made a profession of Christian belief, deliberately and pertinaciously refuses to believe one or more of the articles of faith "determined by the authority of the universal church."</def>

<i>Addis & Arnold.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Heretic</er>, <er>Schismatic</er>, <er>Sectarian</er>.</syn>  <usage>A <i>heretic</i> is one whose errors are doctrinal, and usually of a malignant character, tending to subvert the true faith. A <i>schismatic</i> is one who creates a <i>schism</i>, or division in the church, on points of faith, discipline, practice, etc., usually for the sake of personal aggrandizement. A <i>sectarian</i> is one who originates or is an ardent adherent and advocate of a <i>sect</i>, or distinct organization, which separates from the main body of believers.</usage>

<h1>Heretical</h1>
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<hw>He*ret"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing heresy; of the nature of, or characterized by, heresy.</def>

<h1>Heretically</h1>
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<hw>He*ret"i*cal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an heretical manner.</def>

<h1>Hereticate</h1>
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<hw>He*ret"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>haereticatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>haereticare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To decide to be heresy or a heretic; to denounce as a heretic or heretical.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<blockquote>And let no one be minded, on the score of my neoterism, to <b>hereticate</b> me.
<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heretification</h1>
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<hw>He*ret`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of hereticating or pronouncing heretical.</def>

<i>London Times.</i>

<h1>Hereto</h1>
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<hw>Here*to"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>To this; hereunto.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Heretoch, Heretog</h1>
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<hw><hw>Her"e*toch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Her"e*tog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>heretoga</ets>, <ets>heretoha</ets>; <ets>here</ets> army +  <ets>te\'a2n</ets> to draw, lead; akin to OS. <ets>heritogo</ets>, OHG. <ets>herizogo</ets>, G. <ets>herzog</ets> duke.]</ety> <fld>(AS. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The leader or commander of an army; also, a marshal.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Heretofore</h1>
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<hw>Here`to*fore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Up to this time; hitherto; before; in time past.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hereunto</h1>
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<hw>Here`un*to"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Unto this; up to this time; hereto.</def>

<h1>Hereupon</h1>
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<hw>Here`up*on"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>On this; hereon.</def>

<h1>Herewith</h1>
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<hw>Here*with"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With this.</def>

<h1>Herie</h1>
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<hw>Her"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hery</er>.]</ety> <def>To praise; to worship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Heriot</h1>
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<hw>Her"i*ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>heregeatu</ets> military equipment, heriot; <ets>here</ets> army + <ets>geatwe</ets>, pl., arms, equipments.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Formerly, a payment or tribute of arms or military accouterments, or the best beast, or chattel, due to the lord on the death of a tenant; in modern use, a customary tribute of goods or chattels to the lord of the fee, paid on the decease of a tenant.</def>

<i>Blackstone. Bouvier.</i>

<cs><col>Heriot custom</col>, <cd>a heriot depending on usage.</cd> -- <col>Heriot service</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a heriot due by reservation in a grant or lease of lands.</cd></cs>

<i>Spelman. Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Heriotable</h1>
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<hw>Her"i*ot*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Subject to the payment of a heriot.</def>

<i>Burn.</i>

<h1>Herisson</h1>
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<hw>Her"is*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>h\'82risson</ets>, prop., hedgehog.]</ety> <fld>(fort.)</fld> <def>A beam or bar armed with iron spikes, and turning on a pivot; -- used to block up a passage.</def>

<h1>Heritability</h1>
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<hw>Her`it*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being heritable.</def>

<h1>Heritable</h1>
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<hw>Her"it*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>h\'82ritable</ets>. See <er>Heritage</er>, <er>Hereditable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being inherited or of passing by inheritance; inheritable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of inheriting or receiving by inheritance.</def>

<blockquote>This son shall be legitimate and <b>heritable</b>.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Heritable rights</col> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>, <cd>rights of the heir; rights to land or whatever may be intimately connected with land; realty.</cd></cs>

<i>Jacob (Law Dict.).</i>

<h1>Heritage</h1>
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<hw>Her"it*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>heritage</ets>, <ets>eritage</ets>, OF. <ets>heritage</ets>, <ets>eritage</ets>, F. <ets>h\'82ritage</ets>, fr. <ets>h\'82riter</ets> to inherit, LL. <ets>heriditare</ets>. See <er>Hereditable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is inherited, or passes from heir to heir; inheritance.</def>

<blockquote>Part of my <b>heritage</b>,
Which my dead father did bequeath to me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>A possession; the Israelites, as God's chosen people; also, a flock under pastoral charge.</def>

<i>Joel iii. 2.</i></blockquote>  <i>1 Peter v. 3.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heritance</h1>
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<hw>Her"it*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>heritance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Heritage; inheritance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Robbing their children of the <b>heritance</b>
Their fathers handed down
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heritor</h1>
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<hw>Her"it*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>her<?/ator</ets>, fr. L. <ets>heres</ets> an heir.]</ety> <def>A proprietor or landholder in a parish.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Herl</h1>
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<hw>Herl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Harl</er>, 2.</def>

<mhw><h1>Herling, Hirling</h1>
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<hw>Her"ling</hw>, <hw>Hir"ling</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The young of the sea trout.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Herma</h1>
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<hw>Her"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Herm\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See <er>Hermes</er>, <p><b>2.</b></def>

<h1>Hermaphrodeity</h1>
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<hw>Her*maph`ro*de"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hermaphrodism.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Hermaphrodism</h1>
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<hw>Her*maph"ro*dism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hermaphrodisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hermaphroditism</er>.</def>

<h1>Hermaphrodite</h1>
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<hw>Her*maph"ro*dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hermaphroditus</ets>, Gr. <?/, so called from the mythical story that <ets>Hermaphroditus</ets>, son of Hermes and Aphrodite, when bathing, became joined in one body with Salmacis, the nymph of a fountain in Caria: cf. F. <ets>hermaphrodite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An individual which has the attributes of both male and female, or which unites in itself the two sexes; an animal or plant having the parts of generation of both sexes, as when a flower contains both the stamens and pistil within the same calyx, or on the same receptacle. In some cases reproduction may take place without the union of the distinct individuals. In the animal kingdom true hermaphrodites are found only among the invertebrates. See <i>Illust</i>. in Appendix, under <i>Helminths</i>.</def>

<h1>Hermaphrodite</h1>
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<hw>Her*maph"ro*dite</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Including, or being of, both sexes; <as>as, an <ex>hermaphrodite</ex> animal or flower</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Hermaphrodite brig</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Brig</er>.</cd></cs>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Hermaphroditic, Hermaphroditical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Her*maph`ro*dit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Her*maph`ro*dit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Partaking of the characteristics of both sexes; characterized by hermaphroditism.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Her*maph`ro*dit"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hermaphroditism</h1>
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<hw>Her*maph"ro*dit*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The union of the two sexes in the same individual, or the combination of some of their characteristics or organs in one individual.</def>

<h1>Hermeneutic, Hermeneutical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Her`me*neu"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Her`me*neu"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to interpret: cf. F. <ets>herm\'82neutique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unfolding the signification; of or pertaining to interpretation; exegetical; explanatory; <as>as, <ex>hermeneutic</ex> theology, or the art of expounding the Scriptures; a <ex>hermeneutic</ex> phrase.</as></def>

<h1>Hermeneutically</h1>
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<hw>Her`me*neu"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to the principles of interpretation; <as>as, a verse of Scripture was examined <ex>hermeneutically</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Hermeneutics</h1>
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<hw>Her`me*neu"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/).]</ety> <def>The science of interpretation and explanation; exegesis; esp., that branch of theology which defines the laws whereby the meaning of the Scriptures is to be ascertained.</def>

<i>Schaff-Herzog Encyc.</i>

<h1>Hermes</h1>
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<hw>Her"mes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mercury</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Hermes Trismegistus</i> <ety>[Gr. <grk>'Ermh^s trisme`gistos</grk>, lit., Hermes thrice greatest]</ety> was a late name of Hermes, especially as identified with the Egyptian god Thoth. He was the fabled inventor of astrology and alchemy.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch\'91ology)</fld> <def>Originally, a boundary stone dedicated to Hermes as the god of boundaries, and therefore bearing in some cases a head, or head and shoulders, placed upon a quadrangular pillar whose height is that of the body belonging to the head, sometimes having feet or other parts of the body sculptured upon it. These figures, though often representing Hermes, were used for other divinities, and even, in later times, for portraits of human beings. Called also <altname>herma</altname>. See <cref>Terminal statue</cref>, under <er>Terminal</er>.</def>

<h1>Hermetic, Hermetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Her*met"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Her*met"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>herm\'82tique</ets>. See Note under <er>Hermes</er>, 1.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of, pertaining to, or taught by, Hermes Trismegistus; <as>as, <ex>hermetic</ex> philosophy</as>. Hence: Alchemical; chemic.</def> "Delusions of the <i>hermetic</i> art."

<i>Burke.</i>

<blockquote>The alchemists, as the people were called who tried to make gold, considered themselves followers of Hermes, and often called themselves <b>Hermetic</b> philosophers.
<i>A. B. Buckley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the system which explains the causes of diseases and the operations of medicine on the principles of the hermetic philosophy, and which made much use, as a remedy, of an alkali and an acid; <as>as, <ex>hermetic</ex> medicine</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Made perfectly close or air-tight by fusion, so that no gas or spirit can enter or escape; <as>as, an <ex>hermetic</ex> seal</as>. See Note under <er>Hermetically</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Hermetic art</col>, <cd>alchemy.</cd> -- <col>Hermetic books</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Books of the Egyptians, which treat of astrology.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Books which treat of universal principles, of the nature and orders of celestial beings, of medicine, and other topics.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hermetically</h1>
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<hw>Her*met"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an hermetical manner; chemically.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By fusion, so as to form an air-tight closure.</def>

<note>&hand; A vessel or tube is <i>hermetically</i> sealed when it is closed completely against the passage of air or other fluid by fusing the extremity; -- sometimes less properly applied to any air-tight closure.</note>

<h1>Hermit</h1>
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<hw>Her"mit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ermite</ets>, <ets>eremite</ets>, <ets>heremit</ets>, <ets>heremite</ets>, F. <ets>hermite</ets>, <ets>ermite</ets>, L. <ets>eremita</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ lonely, solitary. Cf. <er>Eremite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person who retires from society and lives in solitude; a recluse; an anchoret; especially, one who so lives from religious motives.</def>

<blockquote>He had been Duke of Savoy, and after a very glorious reign, took on him the habit of a <b>hermit</b>, and retired into this solitary spot.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A beadsman; one bound to pray for another.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "We rest your <i>hermits</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Hermit crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a marine decapod crustacean of the family <spn>Pagurid\'91</spn>. The species are numerous, and belong to many genera. Called also <altname>soldier crab</altname>. The hermit crabs usually occupy the dead shells of various univalve mollusks. See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Commensal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hermit thrush</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American thrush (<spn>Turdus Pallasii</spn>), with retiring habits, but having a sweet song.</cd> -- <col>Hermit warbler</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a California wood warbler (<spn>Dendroica occidentalis</spn>), having the head yellow, the throat black, and the back gray, with black streaks.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hermitage</h1>
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<hw>Her"mit*age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hermitage</ets>, <ets>ermitage</ets>, F. <ets>hermitage</ets>, <ets>ermitage</ets>. See <er>Hermit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The habitation of a hermit; a secluded residence.</def>
<-- (Capitalized) The name given by Catherine II to a part of the Czars' Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, now an art museum with a very large collection of old master paintings -->

<blockquote>Some forlorn and naked <b>hermitage</b>,
Remote from all the pleasures of the world.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>Vin de l'Hermitage</ets>.]</ety> <def>A celebrated French wine, both white and red, of the Department of Dr\'93me.</def>

<h1>Hermitary</h1>
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<hw>Her"mit*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>hermitorium</ets>, <ets>eremitorium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cell annexed to an abbey, for the use of a hermit.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Hermitess</h1>
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<hw>Her"mit*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female hermit.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Hermitical</h1>
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<hw>Her*mit"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or suited for, a hermit.</def>

<i>Coventry.</i>

<h1>Hermodactyl</h1>
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<hw>Her`mo*dac"tyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>hermodactylus</ets>, lit., Hermes' finger; fr. Gr. <?/ Hermes + <?/ finger.]</ety> <fld>(med.)</fld> <def>A heart-shaped bulbous root, about the size of a finger, brought from Turkey, formerly used as a cathartic.</def>

<h1>Hermogenian</h1>
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<hw>Her`mo*ge"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A disciple of <i>Hermogenes</i>, and heretical teacher who lived in Africa near the close of the second century. He ha<?/d matter to be the fountain of all evil, and that souls and spirits are formed of corrupt matter.</def>

<h1>Hern</h1>
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<hw>Hern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A heron; esp., the common European heron.</def> "A stately <i>hern</i>."

<i>Trench.</i>

<h1>Hernani</h1>
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<hw>Her*na"ni</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thin silk or woolen goods, for women's dresses, woven in various styles and colors.</def>

<h1>Herne</h1>
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<hw>Herne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hyrne</ets>.]</ety> <def>A corner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lurking in <b>hernes</b> and in lanes blind.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hernia</h1>
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<hw>Her"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Hernias</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Herni\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A protrusion, consisting of an organ or part which has escaped from its natural cavity, and projects through some natural or accidental opening in the walls of the latter; <as>as, <ex>hernia</ex> of the brain, of the lung, or of the bowels</as>. Hernia of the abdominal viscera in most common. Called also <altname>rupture</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Strangulated hernia</col>, <cd>a hernia so tightly compressed in some part of the channel through which it has been protruded as to arrest its circulation, and produce swelling of the protruded part. It may occur in recent or chronic hernia, but is more common in the latter.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hernial</h1>
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<hw>Her"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, or connected with, hernia.</def>

<h1>Herniotomy</h1>
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<hw>Her`ni*ot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hernia</ets> + Gr. <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cutting for the cure or relief of hernia; celotomy.</def>

<h1>Hernshaw</h1>
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<hw>Hern"shaw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Heronshaw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Hero</h1>
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<hw>He"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Heroes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>h\'82ros</ets>, L. <ets>heros</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>An illustrious man, supposed to be exalted, after death, to a place among the gods; a demigod, as Hercules.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A man of distinguished valor or enterprise in danger, or fortitude in suffering; a prominent or central personage in any remarkable action or event; hence, a great or illustrious person.</def>

<blockquote>Each man is a <b>hero</b> and oracle to somebody.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The principal personage in a poem, story, and the like, or the person who has the principal share in the transactions related; as Achilles in the Iliad, Ulysses in the Odyssey, and \'92neas in the \'92neid.</def>

<blockquote>The shining quality of an epic <b>hero</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Hero worship</col>, <cd>extravagant admiration for great men, likened to the ancient worship of heroes.</cd></cs>

<blockquote><b>Hero worship</b> exists, has existed, and will forever exist, universally among mankind.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Herodian</h1>
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<hw>He*ro"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Jewish Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a party among the Jews, composed of partisans of Herod of Galilee. They joined with the Pharisees against Christ.</def>

<h1>Herodiones</h1>
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<hw>He*ro`di*o"nes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a heron.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of wading birds, including the herons, storks, and allied forms. Called also <altname>Herodii</altname>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>He*ro`di*o"nine</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Heroess</h1>
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<hw>He"ro*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A heroine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Heroic</h1>
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<hw>He*ro"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>h\'82ro\'8bque</ets>, L. <ets>hero\'8bcus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to, or like, a hero; of the nature of heroes; distinguished by the existence of heroes; <as>as, the <ex>heroic</ex> age; an <ex>heroic</ex> people; <ex>heroic</ex> valor.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Worthy of a hero; bold; daring; brave; illustrious; <as>as, <ex>heroic</ex> action; <ex>heroic</ex> enterprises.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Sculpture & Painting)</fld> <def>Larger than life size, but smaller than colossal; -- said of the representation of a human figure.</def>

<cs><col>Heroic Age</col>, <cd>the age when the heroes, or those called the children of the gods, are supposed to have lived.</cd> -- <col>Heroic poetry</col>, <cd>that which celebrates the deeds of a hero; epic poetry.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Heroic</col> <col>treatment &or; remedies</col></mcol> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>treatment or remedies of a severe character, suited to a desperate case.</cd> -- <col>Heroic verse</col> <fld>(Pros.)</fld>, <cd>the verse of heroic or epic poetry, being in English, German, and Italian the iambic of ten syllables; in French the iambic of twelve syllables; and in classic poetry the hexameter.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Brave; intrepid; courageous; daring; valiant; bold; gallant; fearless; enterprising; noble; magnanimous; illustrious.</syn>

<h1>Heroical</h1>
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<hw>He*ro"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Heroic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Spectator</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>He*ro"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>He*ro"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<hr>
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Page 689<p>

<h1>Heroicness</h1>
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<hw>He*ro"ic*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Heroism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Heroicomic, Heroicomical</h1>
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<hw><hw>He`ro*i*com"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>He`ro*i*com"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>h\'82ro\'8bcomigue</ets>. See <er>Heroic</er>, and <er>Comic</er>.]</ety> <def>Combining the heroic and the ludicrous; denoting high burlesque; <as>as, a <ex>heroicomic</ex> poem</as>.</def>

<h1>Heroine</h1>
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<hw>Her"o*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>h\'82ro\'8bne</ets>, L. <ets>heroina</ets>, Gr. <?/, fem. of <?/. See <er>Hero</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A woman of an heroic spirit.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>heroine</b> assumed the woman's place.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The principal female person who figures in a remarkable action, or as the subject of a poem or story.</def>

<h1>Heroism</h1>
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<hw>Her"o*ism</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>h\'82ro\'8bsme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The qualities characteristic of a hero, as courage, bravery, fortitude, unselfishness, etc.; the display of such qualities.</def>

<blockquote><b>Heroism</b> is the self-devotion of genius manifesting itself in action.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Heroism</er>, <er>Courage</er>, <er>Fortitude</er>, <er>Bravery</er>, <er>Valor</er>, <er>Intrepidity</er>, <er>Gallantry</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Courage</i> is generic, denoting fearlessness or defiance of danger; <i>fortitude</i> is <i>passive</i> courage, the habit of <i>bearing up</i> nobly under trials, danger, and sufferings; <i>bravery</i> is courage displayed in daring acts; <i>valor</i> is courage in battle or other conflicts with living opponents; <i>intrepidity</i> is <i>firm</i> courage, which shrinks not amid the most appalling dangers; <i>gallantry</i> is <i>adventurous</i> courage, dashing into the thickest of the fight. <i>Heroism</i> may call into exercise all these modifications of courage. It is a contempt of danger, not from ignorance or inconsiderate levity, but from a noble devotion to some great cause, and a just confidence of being able to meet danger in the spirit of such a cause. Cf. <er>Courage</er>.</usage>

<h1>Heron</h1>
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<hw>Her"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>heiroun</ets>, <ets>heroun</ets>, <ets>heron</ets>, <ets>hern</ets>, OF. <ets>hairon</ets>, F. <ets>h\'82ron</ets>, OHG. <ets>heigir</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>hegri</ets>, Dan. <ets>heire</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'84ger</ets>, and also G. <ets>h\'84her</ets> jay, jackdaw, OHG. <ets>hehara</ets>, <ets>higere</ets>, woodpecker, magpie, D. <ets>reiger</ets> heron, G. <ets>reiher</ets>, AS. <ets>hr&amac;gra</ets>. Cf. <er>Aigret</er>, <er>Egret</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any wading bird of the genus <spn>Ardea</spn> and allied genera, of the family <spn>Ardeid\'91</spn>. The herons have a long, sharp bill, and long legs and toes, with the claw of the middle toe toothed. The common European heron (<spn>Ardea cinerea</spn>) is remarkable for its directly ascending flight, and was formerly hunted with the larger falcons.</def>

<note>&hand; There are several common American species; as, the great blue heron (<spn>Ardea herodias</spn>); the little blue (<spn>A. c\'d2rulea</spn>); the green (<spn>A. virescens</spn>); the snowy (<spn>A. candidissima</spn>); the night heron or qua-bird (<spn>Nycticorax nycticorax</spn>). The plumed herons are called <stype>egrets</stype>.</note>

<cs><col>Heron's bill</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Erodium</spn>; -- so called from the fancied resemblance of the fruit to the head and beak of the heron.</cd></cs>

<h1>Heroner</h1>
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<hw>Her"on*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hawk used in hunting the heron.</def> "<i>Heroner</i> and falcon."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Heronry</h1>
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<hw>Her"on*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place where herons breed.</def>

<h1>Heronsew</h1>
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<hw>Her"on*sew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A heronshaw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Heronshaw</h1>
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<hw>Her"on*shaw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>heroncel</ets>, dim. of <ets>h\'82ron</ets>. See <er>Heron</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A heron.</def> <altsp>[Written variously <asp>hernshaw</asp>, <asp>harnsey</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Hero\'94logist</h1>
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<hw>He`ro*\'94l"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ discourse.]</ety> <def>One who treats of heroes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Heroship</h1>
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<hw>He"ro*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The character or personality of a hero.</def> "Three years of <i>heroship</i>."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Herpes</h1>
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<hw>Her"pes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to creep.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An eruption of the skin, taking various names, according to its form, or the part affected; especially, an eruption of vesicles in small distinct clusters, accompanied with itching or tingling, including shingles, ringworm, and the like; -- so called from its tendency to creep or spread from one part of the skin to another.</def>

<h1>Herpetic</h1>
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<hw>Her*pet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>herp\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the herpes; partaking of the nature of herpes; <as>as, <ex>herpetic</ex> eruptions</as>.</def>

<h1>Herpetism</h1>
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<hw>Her"pe*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Herpes</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Dartrous diathesis</cref>, under <er>Dartrous</er>.</def>

<h1>Herpetologic, Herpetological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Her*pet`o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Her*pet`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to herpetology.</def>

<h1>Herpetologist</h1>
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<hw>Her`pe*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in herpetology, or the natural history of reptiles.</def>

<h1>Herpetology</h1>
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<hw>Her`pe*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also, but less properly, <ets>erpetology</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a creeping thing, reptile (fr. <?/ to creep) + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>herp\'82tologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The natural history of reptiles; that branch of zo\'94logy which relates to reptiles, including their structure, classification, and habits.</def>

<h1>Herpetotomist</h1>
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<hw>Her`pe*tot"o*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dissects, or studies the anatomy of, reptiles.</def>

<h1>Herpetotomy</h1>
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<hw>Her`pe*tot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a reptile + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <def>The anatomy or dissection of reptiles.</def>

<h1>Herr</h1>
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<hw>Herr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A title of respect given to gentlemen in Germany, equivalent to the English <i>Mister</i>.</def>

<h1>Herring</h1>
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<hw>Her"ring</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hering</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'91ring</ets>; akin to D. <ets>haring</ets>, G. <ets>h\'84ring</ets>, <ets>hering</ets>, OHG. <ets>haring</ets>, <ets>hering</ets>, and prob. to AS. <ets>here</ets> army, and so called because they commonly move in large numbers. Cf. <er>Harry</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of various species of fishes of the genus <spn>Clupea</spn>, and allied genera, esp. the common round or English herring (<spn>C. harengus</spn>) of the North Atlantic. Herrings move in vast schools, coming in spring to the shores of Europe and America, where they are salted and smoked in great quantities.</def>

<cs><col>Herring gull</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large gull which feeds in part upon herrings; esp., <spn>Larus argentatus</spn> in America, and <spn>L. cachinnans</spn> in England. See <er>Gull</er>.</cd> -- <col>Herring hog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common porpoise.</cd> -- <col>King of the herrings</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The chim\'91ra (<spn>C. monstrosa</spn>) which follows the schools of herring. See <er>Chim\'91ra</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The opah.</cd></cs>

<h1>Heringbone</h1>
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<hw>He"ring*bone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or like, the spine of a herring; especially, characterized by an arrangement of work in rows of parallel lines, which in the alternate rows slope in different directions.</def>

<cs><col>Herringbone stitch</col>, <cd>a kind of cross-stitch in needlework, chiefly used in flannel.</cd></cs>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Herrnhuter</h1>
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<hw>Herrn"hut*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the Moravians; -- so called from the settlement of <i>Herrnhut</i> (the Lord's watch) made, about 1722, by the Moravians at the invitation of Nicholas Lewis, count of Zinzendorf, upon his estate in the circle of Bautzen.</def>

<h1>Hers</h1>
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<hw>Hers</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <def>See the Note under Her, <i>pr<?/n</i>.</def>

<h1>Hersal</h1>
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<hw>Her"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rehearsal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Herschel</h1>
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<hw>Her"schel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>See <er>Uranus</er>.</def>

<h1>Herschelian</h1>
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<hw>Her*sche"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to Sir William Herschel; <as>as, the <ex>Herschelian</ex> telescope</as>.</def>

<h1>Herse</h1>
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<hw>Herse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>herse</ets> harrow, portcullis, OF. <ets>herce</ets>, LL. <ets>hercia</ets>, L. <ets>hirpex</ets>, gen. <ets>hirpicis</ets>, and <ets>irpex</ets>, gen. <ets>irpicis</ets>, harrow. The LL. <ets>hercia</ets> signifies also a kind of candlestick in the form of a harrow, having branches filled with lights, and placed at the head of graves or cenotaphs; whence <ets>herse</ets> came to be used for the grave, coffin, or chest containing the dead. Cf. <er>Hearse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A kind of gate or portcullis, having iron bars, like a harrow, studded with iron spikes. It is hung above gateways so that it may be quickly lowered, to impede the advance of an enemy.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Hearse</er>, a carriage for the dead.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A funeral ceremonial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Herse</h1>
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<hw>Herse</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hearse</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Herself</h1>
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<hw>Her*self"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An emphasized form of the third person feminine pronoun; -- used as a subject with <i>she</i>; <as>as, she <ex>herself</ex> will bear the blame; also used alone in the predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; <as>as, it is <ex>herself</ex></as>; she blames <ex>herself</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Her own proper, true, or real character; hence, her right, or sane, mind; <as>as, the woman was deranged, but she is now <ex>herself</ex> again; she has come to <ex>herself</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>By herself</col>, <cd>alone; apart; unaccompanied.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hersillon</h1>
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<hw>Her"sil*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>herse</ets> a harrow. See <er>Herse</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A beam with projecting spikes, used to make a breach impassable.</def>

<h1>Hert</h1>
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<hw>Hert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Herte</h1>
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<hw>Her"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A heart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hertely</h1>
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<hw>Her"te*ly</hw>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Hearty; heartily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hery</h1>
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<hw>Her"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>herian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To worship; to glorify; to praise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Hesitancy</h1>
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<hw>Hes"i*tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>haesitantia</ets> a stammering.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of hesitating, or pausing to consider; slowness in deciding; vacillation; also, the manner of one who hesitates.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stammering; a faltering in speech.</def>

<h1>Hesitant</h1>
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<hw>Hes"i*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>haesitans</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets> of <ets>haesitare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>h\'82sitant</ets>. See <er>Hesitate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not prompt in deciding or acting; hesitating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unready in speech.</def>

<i>Baxter.</i>

<h1>Hesitantly</h1>
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<hw>Hes"i*tant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With hesitancy or doubt.</def>

<h1>Hesitate</h1>
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<hw>Hes"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hesitated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hesitating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>haesitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>haesitare</ets>, intens. fr. <ets>haerere</ets> to hesitate, stick fast; to hang or hold fast. Cf. <er>Aghast</er>, <er>Gaze</er>, <er>Adhere</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To stop or pause respecting decision or action; to be in suspense or uncertainty as to a determination; <as>as, he <ex>hesitated</ex> whether to accept the offer or not; men often <ex>hesitate</ex> in forming a judgment.</as></def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stammer; to falter in speaking.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To doubt; waver; scruple; deliberate; demur; falter; stammer.</syn>

<h1>Hesitate</h1>
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<hw>Hes"i*tate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter with hesitation or to intimate by a reluctant manner.</def> <mark>[Poetic & R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Just hint a fault, and <b>hesitate</b> dislike.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hesitatingly</h1>
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<hw>Hes"i*ta`ting*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With hesitation or doubt.</def>

<h1>Hesitation</h1>
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<hw>Hes`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>haesitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>h\'82sitation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of hesitating; suspension of opinion or action; doubt; vacillation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A faltering in speech; stammering.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Hesitative</h1>
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<hw>Hes"i*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Showing, or characterized by, hesitation.</def>

<blockquote>[He said] in his mild, <b>hesitative</b> way.
<i>R. D. Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hesitatory</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hes"i*ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hesitating.</def>

<i>R. North.</i>

<h1>Hesp</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hesp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>hespa</ets> a hasp, a wisp or skein. See <er>Hasp</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure of two hanks of linen thread.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hasp</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Hesper</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hes"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hesperian</er>.]</ety> <def>The evening; Hesperus.</def>

<h1>Hesperetin</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hes*per"e*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline substance having a sweetish taste, obtained by the decomposition of hesperidin, and regarded as a complex derivative of caffeic acid.</def>

<h1>Hesperian</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hes*pe"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hesperius</ets>, fr. <ets>hesperus</ets> the evening star, Gr. <?/ evening, <?/ <?/ the evening star. Cf. <er>Vesper</er>.]</ety> <def>Western; being in the west; occidental.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Hesperian</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hes*pe"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or an inhabitant of a western country.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>J. Barlow.</i>

<h1>Hesperian</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hes*pe"ri*an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a family of butterflies called <spn>Hesperid\'91</spn>, or skippers.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Any one of the numerous species of <spn>Hesperid\'91</spn>; a skipper.</def></def2>

<h1>Hesperid</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hes"per*id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as 3d <er>Hesperian</er>.</def>

<h1>Hesperidene</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hes*per"i*dene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hesperidium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An isomeric variety of terpene from orange oil.</def>

<h1>Hesperides</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hes*per"i*des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The daughters of Hesperus, or Night (brother of Atlas), and fabled possessors of a garden producing golden apples, in Africa, at the western extremity of the known world. To slay the guarding dragon and get some of these apples was one of the labors of Hercules. Called also <altname>Atlantides</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The garden producing the golden apples.</def>

<blockquote>It not love a Hercules,
Still climbing trees in the <b>Hesperides</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hesperidin</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hes*per"i*din</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hesperidium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside found in ripe and unripe fruit (as the orange), and extracted as a white crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Hesperidium</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hes`pe*rid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. So called in allusion to the golden apples of the Hesperides. See <er>Hesperides</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large berry with a thick rind, as a lemon or an orange.</def>

<h1>Hesperornis</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hes`pe*ror"nis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ western + <?/, <?/, a bird.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of large, extinct, wingless birds from the Cretaceous deposits of Kansas, belonging to the Odontornithes. They had teeth, and were essentially carnivorous swimming ostriches. Several species are known. See <i>Illust</i>. in Append.</def>

<h1>Hesperus</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hes"pe*rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Hesper</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Venus when she is the evening star; Hesper.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Evening.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>The Sun was sunk, and after him the Star
Of <b>Hesperus</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hessian</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hes"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to Hesse, in Germany, or to the Hessians.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Hessian boots</col>, &or; <col>Hessians</col></mcol>, <cd>boot of a kind worn in England, in the early part of the nineteenth century, tasseled in front. <i>Thackeray</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Hessian cloth</col>, &or; <col>Hessians</col></mcol>, <cd>a coarse hempen cloth for sacking.</cd> -- <col>Hessian crucible</col>. <cd>See under <er>Crucible</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hessian fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small dipterous fly or midge (<spn>Cecidomyia destructor</spn>). Its larv\'91 live between the base of the lower leaves and the stalk of wheat, and are very destructive to young wheat; -- so called from the erroneous idea that it was brought into America by the Hessian troops, during the Revolution.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hessian</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hes"sian</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of Hesse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mercenary or venal person.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<note>&hand; This use is a relic of the patriot hatred of the Hessian mercenaries who served with the British troops in the Revolutionary War.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>See <altname>Hessian boots</altname> and <i>cloth</i>, under <er>Hessian</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Hessite</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hess"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[After H. <ets>Hess</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A lead-gray sectile mineral. It is a telluride of silver.</def>

<h1>Hest</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h</ets><?/<ets>s</ets>, fr. <ets>h<?/tan</ets> to call, bid. See <er>Hight</er>, and cf. <er>Behest</er>.]</ety> <def>Command; precept; injunction. <mark>[Archaic]</mark> See <er>Behest</er>.</def> "At thy <i>hest</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Let him that yields obey the victor's <b>hest</b>.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Yet I thy <b>hest</b> will all perform, at full.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hestern, Hesternal</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw><hw>Hes"tern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hes*ter"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hesternus</ets>; akin to <ets>heri</ets> yesterday.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to yesterday. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Yester</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<h1>Hesychast</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hes"y*chast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hermit, fr. <?/ to be still or quiet, fr. <?/ still, calm.]</ety> <def>One of a mystical sect of the Greek Church in the fourteenth century; a quietist.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Hetairism, Hetarism</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw><hw>He*tair"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Het"a*rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a companion, a concubine, fem. of <?/ a comrade.]</ety> <def>A supposed primitive state of society, in which all the women of a tribe were held in common.</def> <i>H. Spencer</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Het`a*ris"tic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hetchel</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hetch"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hatchel</er>.</def>

<h1>Hete</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Hete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hete</er>, later <er>Het</er>.]</wordforms> <def><it>Variant of</it> <er>Hote</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>But one avow to greate God I <b>hete</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heteracanth</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Het"er*a*canth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a spine.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the spines of the dorsal fin unsymmetrical, or thickened alternately on the right and left sides.</def>

<h1>Heterarchy</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Het"er*arch`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + <ets>-archy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The government of an alien.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Heterauxesis</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Het`e*raux*e"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the other + <?/ growth.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Unequal growth of a cell, or of a part of a plant.</def>

<h1>Hetero-</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Het"er*o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <grk>"e`teros</grk> other.]</ety> <def>A combining form signifying <i>other</i>, <i>other than usual</i>, <i>different</i>; <as>as, <ex>hetero</ex>clite, <ex>hetero</ex>dox, <ex>hetero</ex>gamous</as>.</def>

<h1>Heterocarpism</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Het`er*o*car"pism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr.<?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The power of producing two kinds of reproductive bodies, as in <i>Amphicarp\'91a</i>, in which besides the usual pods, there are others underground.</def>

<h1>Heterocarpous</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Het`er*o*car"pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Characterized by heterocarpism.</def>

<h1>Hetercephalous</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Het`er*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr.<?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing two kinds of heads or capitula; -- said of certain composite plants.</def>

<h1>Heterocera</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Het`e*roc"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ other + <?/ horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Lepidoptera, including the moths, and hawk moths, which have the antenn\'91 variable in form.</def>

<h1>Heterocercal</h1>
<Xpage=689>

<hw>Het`er*o*cer"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the vertebral column evidently continued into the upper lobe of the tail, which is usually longer than the lower one, as in sharks.</def>

<hr>
<page="690">
Page 690<p>

<h1>Heterocercy</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het"er*o*cer`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a tail.]</ety> <fld>(anat.)</fld> <def>Unequal development of the tail lobes of fishes; the possession of a heterocercal tail.</def>

<h1>Heterochromous</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het`er*o*chro"mous</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>Having the central florets of a flower head of a different color from those of the circumference.</def>

<h1>Heterochronism, Heterochrony</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw><hw>Het`er*och"ro*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Het`er*och"ro*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of different times; <?/ other + <?/ time.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>In evolution, a deviation from the typical sequence in the formation of organs or parts.</def>

<h1>Heteroclite</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het"er*o*clite</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>heteroclitus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ other + <?/ to lean, incline, inflect: cf. F. <ets>h\'82t\'82roclite</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deviating from ordinary forms or rules; irregular; anomalous; abnormal.</def>

<h1>Heteroclite</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het"er*o*clite</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word which is irregular or anomalous either in declension or conjugation, or which deviates from ordinary forms of inflection in words of a like kind; especially, a noun which is irregular in declension.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any thing or person deviating from the common rule, or from common forms.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Heteroclitic, Heteroclitical</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw><hw>Het`er*o*clit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Het`er*o*clit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Heteroclite</er>.]</ety> <def>Deviating from ordinary forms or rules; irregular; anomalous; abnormal.</def>

<h1>Heteroclitous</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het`er*oc"li*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Heteroclitic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Heterocyst</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het"er*o*cyst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + <ets>cyst</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A cell larger than the others, and of different appearance, occurring in certain alg\'91 related to nostoc.</def>

<h1>Heterodactyl</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het`er*o*dac"tyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Heterodactylous.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Heterodactyl\'91.</def></def2>

<h1>Heterodactyl\'91</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het`e*ro*dac"ty*l\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ other + <?/ a finger.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of birds including the trogons.</def>

<h1>Heterodactylous</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het`er*o*dac"tyl*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a toe.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the first and second toes turned backward, as in the trogons.</def>

<h1>Heterodont</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het"er*o*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/ a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the teeth differentiated into incisors, canines, and molars, as in man; -- opposed to <i>homodont</i>.</def>

<h1>Heterodont</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het"er*o*dont</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any animal with heterodont dentition.</def>

<h1>Heterodox</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het"er*o*dox</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ other + <?/ opinion; cf. F. <ets>h\'82t\'82rodoxe</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Contrary to, or differing from, some acknowledged standard, as the Bible, the creed of a church, the decree of a council, and the like; not orthodox; heretical; -- said of opinions, doctrines, books, etc., esp. upon theological subjects.</def>

<blockquote>Raw and indigested, <b>heterodox</b>, preaching.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Holding heterodox opinions, or doctrines not orthodox; heretical; -- said of persons.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Het"er*o*dox`ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Het"er*o*dox`ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Heterodox</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het"er*o*dox</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An opinion opposed to some accepted standard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Heterodoxal</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het"er*o*dox`al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not orthodox.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Heterodoxy</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het"er*o*dox`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>h\'82t\'82rodoxie</ets>.]</ety> <def>An opinion or doctrine, or a system of doctrines, contrary to some established standard of faith, as the Scriptures, the creed or standards of a church, etc.; heresy.</def>

<i>Bp. Bull.</i>

<h1>Heterodromous</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het`er*od"ro*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to run.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having spirals of changing direction.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Moving in opposite directions; -- said of a lever, pulley, etc., in which the resistance and the actuating force are on opposite sides of the fulcrum or axis.</def>

<h1>Heterogamous</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het`er*og"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <grk>ga`mos</grk> marriage: cf. F. <ets>h\'82t\'82rogame</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The condition of having two or more kinds of flowers which differ in regard to stamens and pistils, as in the aster.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Characterized by heterogamy.</def>

<h1>Heterogamy</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het`er*og"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Heterogamous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The process of fertilization in plants by an indirect or circuitous method; -- opposed to <i>orthogamy</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That form of alternate generation in which two kinds of sexual generation, or a sexual and a parthenogenetic generation, alternate; -- in distinction from <i>metagenesis</i>, where sexual and asexual generations alternate.</def>

<i>Claus & Sedgwick.</i>

<h1>Heterogangliate</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het`er*o*gan"gli*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> +  <ets>gangliate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Having the ganglia of the nervous system unsymmetrically arranged; -- said of certain invertebrate animals.</def>

<h1>Heterogene</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het"er*o*gene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Heterogenous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Heterogeneal</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het`er*o*ge"ne*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Heterogeneous.</def>

<h1>Heterogeneity</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het`er*o*ge*ne"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>h\'82t\'82rog\'82n\'82it\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being heterogeneous; contrariety.</def>

<blockquote>The difference, indeed the <b>heterogeneity</b>, of the two may be felt.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heterogeneous</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ race, kind; akin to E. <ets>kin</ets>: cf. F. <ets>h\'82t\'82rog\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <def>Differing in kind; having unlike qualities; possessed of different characteristics; dissimilar; -- opposed to <i>homogeneous</i>, and said of two or more connected objects, or of a conglomerate mass, considered in respect to the parts of which it is made up.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Heterogeneous nouns</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>nouns having different genders in the singular and plural numbers; as, <i>hic locus<i>, of the masculine gender in the singular, and <i>hi loci<i> and <i>h\'91c loca<i>, both masculine and neuter in the plural; <i>hoc c\'91lum<i>, neuter in the singular; <i>hi c\'91li<i>, masculine in the plural.</cd> -- <col>Heterogeneous quantities</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>such quantities as are incapable of being compared together in respect to magnitude, and surfaces and solids.</cd> -- <col>Heterogeneous surds</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>surds having different radical signs.</cd></cs>

<h1>Heterogenesis</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het`er*o*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Spontaneous generation, so called.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That method of reproduction in which the successive generations differ from each other, the parent organism producing offspring different in habit and structure from itself, the original form, however, reappearing after one or more generations; -- opposed to <i>homogenesis</i>, or <i>gamogenesis</i>.</def>

<h1>Heterogenetic</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw>Het`er*o*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to heterogenesis; <as>as, <ex>heterogenetic</ex> transformations</as>.</def>

<h1>Heterogenist</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*og"e*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One who believes in the theory of spontaneous generation, or heterogenesis.</def>

<i>Bastian.</i>

<h1>Heterogenous</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*og"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to heterogenesis; heterogenetic.</def>

<h1>Heterogeny</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*og"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Heterogenesis.</def>

<h1>Heterogonous</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*og"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Characterized by heterogony.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Het`er*og"o*nous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Heterogony</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*og"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ offspring.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The condition of having two or more kinds of flowers, different as to the length of their stamens and pistils.</def>

<h1>Heterographic</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Heterography</er>.]</ety> <def>Employing the same letters to represent different sounds in different words or syllables; -- said of methods of spelling; <as>as, the ordinary English orthography is <ex>heterographic</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Heterography</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That method of spelling in which the same letters represent different sounds in different words, as in the ordinary English orthography; e. g., <i>g</i> in <i>get</i> and in <i>ginger</i>.</def>

<h1>Heterogynous</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*og"y*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a woman, female.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having females very unlike the males in form and structure; -- as certain insects, the males of which are winged, and the females wingless.</def>

<h1>Heterologous</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*ol"o*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ proportion.]</ety> <def>Characterized by heterology; consisting of different elements, or of like elements in different proportions; different; -- opposed to <i>homologous</i>; <as>as, <ex>heterologous</ex> organs</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Heterologous stimulus</col>. <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Stimulus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Heterologous tumor</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a tumor differing in structure from the normal tissues of the body.</cd></cs>

<h1>Heterology</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The absence of correspondence, or relation, in type of structure; lack of analogy between parts, owing to their being composed of different elements, or of like elements in different proportions; variation in structure from the normal form; -- opposed to <i>homology</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The connection or relation of bodies which have partial identity of composition, but different characteristics and properties; the relation existing between derivatives of the same substance, or of the analogous members of different series; <as>as, ethane, ethyl alcohol, acetic aldehyde, and acetic acid are in <ex>heterology</ex> with each other, though each in at the same time a member of a distinct homologous series</as>. Cf. <er>Homology</er>.</def>

<h1>Heteromera</h1>
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<hw>Het`e*rom"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ other + <?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Coleoptera, having heteromerous tarsi.</def>

<h1>Heteromerous</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*om"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Heteromera</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem & Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Unrelated in chemical composition, though similar or indentical in certain other respects; <as>as, borax and augite are hom\'d2morphous, but <ex>heteromerous</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>With the parts not corresponding in number.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the femoral artery developed as the principal artery of the leg; -- said of certain birds, as the cotingas and pipras.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having five tarsal joints in the anterior and middle legs, but only four in the posterior pair, as the blister beetles and oil beetles.</def>

<h1>Heteromorphic</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*o*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Deviating from the normal, perfect, or mature form; having different forms at different stages of existence, or in different individuals of the same species; -- applied especially to insects in which there is a wide difference of form between the larva and the adult, and to plants having more than one form of flower.</def>

<h1>Heteromorphism, Heteromorphy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Het`er*o*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Het`er*o*mor"phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The state or quality of being heteromorphic.</def>

<h1>Heteromorphous</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*o*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Heteromorphic.</def>

<h1>Heteromyaria</h1>
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<hw>Het`e*ro*my*a"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ other + <?/ a muscle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of bivalve shells, including the marine mussels, in which the two adductor muscles are very unequal. See <er>Dreissena</er>, and <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Byssus</er>.</def>

<h1>Heteronereis</h1>
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<hw>Het`e*ro*ne*re"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hetero-</er>, and <er>Nereis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A free-swimming, dimorphic, sexual form of certain species of Nereis.</def>

<note>&hand; In this state the head and its appendages are changed in form, the eyes become very large; more or less of the parapodia are highly modified by the development of finlike lobes, and branchial lamell\'91, and their set\'91 become longer and bladelike.</note>

<h1>Heteronomous</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*on"o*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <grk>no`mos</grk> law.]</ety> <def>Subject to the law of another.</def>

<i>Krauth-Fleming.</i>

<h1>Heteronomy</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*on"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Subordination or subjection to the law of another; political subjection of a community or state; -- opposed to <i>autonomy</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>A term applied by Kant to those laws which are imposed on us from without, or the violence done to us by our passions, wants, or desires.</def>

<i>Krauth-Fleming.</i>

<h1>Heteronym</h1>
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<hw>Het"er*o*nym</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is heteronymous; a thing having a different name or designation from some other thing; -- opposed to <i>homonym</i>.</def>

<h1>Heteronymous</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*on"y*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <grk>"o`nyma</grk>, for <grk>"o`noma</grk> a name.]</ety> <def>Having different names or designations; standing in opposite relations.</def>

<i>J. Le Conte.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Het"er*on"y*mous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Heteroousian</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*o*ou`si*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ being, essence.]</ety> <def>Having different essential qualities; of a different nature.</def>

<h1>Heteroousian</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*o*ou"si*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of those Arians who held that the Son was of a different substance from the Father.</def>

<h1>Heteroousious</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*o*ou"si*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Heteroousian</er>.</def>

<h1>Heteropathic</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*o*path"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ suffering, fr. <?/, <?/, to suffer.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the method of heteropathy; allopathic.</def>

<h1>Heteropathy</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*op"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Heteropathic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>That mode of treating diseases, by which a morbid condition is removed by inducing an opposite morbid condition to supplant it; allopathy.</def>

<h1>Heteropelmous</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*o*pel"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the sole of the foot.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having each of the two flexor tendons of the toes bifid, the branches of one going to the first and second toes; those of the other, to the third and fourth toes. See <i>Illust</i>. in Append.</def>

<h1>Heterophagi</h1>
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<hw>Het`e*roph"a*gi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ other + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Altrices.</def>

<h1>Heterophemist</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*oph"e*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One liable to the fault of heterophemy.</def>

<h1>Heterophemy</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*oph"e*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ voice, speech, fr. <?/ to speak.]</ety> <def>The unconscious saying, in speech or in writing, of that which one does not intend to say; -- frequently the very reverse of the thought which is present to consciousness.</def><-- Freudian slip -->

<i>R. G. White.</i>

<h1>Heterophony</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*oph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ voice.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An abnormal state of the voice.</def>

<i>Mayne.</i>

<h1>Heterophyllous</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*oph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ other + <?/ leaf: cf. F. <ets>h\'82t\'82rophylle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having leaves of more than one shape on the same plant.</def>

<h1>Heteroplasm</h1>
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<hw>Het"er*o*plasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ anything formed or molded.]</ety> <def>An abnormal formation foreign to the economy, and composed of elements different from those are found in it in its normal condition.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Heteroplastic</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*o*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + <ets>-plastic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Producing a different type of organism; developing into a different form of tissue, as cartilage which develops into bone.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<h1>Heteropod</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*o*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>h\'82t\'82ropode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Heteropoda.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Heteropodous.</def></def2>

<h1>Heteropoda</h1>
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<hw>Het`e*rop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ other + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of pelagic Gastropoda, having the foot developed into a median fin. Some of the species are naked; others, as <spn>Carinaria</spn> and <spn>Atlanta</spn>, have thin glassy shells.</def>

<h1>Heteropodous</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*op"o*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Heteropoda.</def>

<h1>Heteropter</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*op"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Heteroptera.</def>

<h1>Heteroptera</h1>
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<hw>Het`e*rop"te*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ other + <?/ a wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of Hemiptera, in which the base of the anterior wings is thickened. See <er>Hemiptera</er>.</def>

<h1>Heteroptics</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*op"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + <ets>optics</ets>.]</ety> <def>False optics.</def>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<h1>Heteroscian</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*os"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ other + <?/ shadow: cf. F. <ets>h\'82t\'82roscien</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who lives either north or south of the tropics, as contrasted with one who lives on the other side of them; -- so called because at noon the shadows always fall in opposite directions (the one northward, the other southward).</def>

<h1>Heterosis</h1>
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<hw>Het`e*ro"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ alteration, fr. <?/ other, different.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech by which one form of a noun, verb, or pronoun, and the like, is used for another, as in the sentence: "What is life to such as <i>me</i>?"</def>

<i>Aytoun.</i>

<h1>Heterosomati</h1>
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<hw>Het`e*ro*so"ma*ti</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ other + <?/, <?/, body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes, comprising the flounders, halibut, sole, etc., having the body and head asymmetrical, with both eyes on one side. Called also <altname>Heterosomata</altname>, <altname>Heterosomi</altname>.</def>

<h1>Heterosporic, Heterosporous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Het`er*o*spor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Het`er*o*spor"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing two kinds of spores unlike each other.</def>

<h1>Heterostyled</h1>
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<hw>Het"er*o*styled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having styles of two or more distinct forms or lengths.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Heterostylism</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*o*sty"lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The condition of being heterostyled.</def>

<h1>Heterotactous</h1>
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<hw>Het`er*o*tac"tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or characterized by, heterotaxy.</def>

<h1>Heterotaxy</h1>
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<hw>Het"er*o*tax`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ an arrangement, fr. <?/ to arrange.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Variation in arrangement from that existing in a normal form; heterogenous arrangement or structure, <as>as, in botany, the deviation in position of the organs of a plant, from the ordinary or typical arrangement</as>.</def>

<h1>Heterotopism, Heterotopy</h1>
<Xpage=690>

<hw><hw>Het`er*ot"o*pism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Het`er*ot"o*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hetero-</ets> + Gr. <?/ place: cf. F. <ets>h\'82t\'82rotopie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A deviation from the natural position; -- a term applied in the case of organs or growths which are abnormal in situation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A deviation from the natural position of parts, supposed to be effected in thousands of years, by the gradual displacement of germ cells.</def>

<hr>
<page="691">
Page 691<p>

<h1>Heterotricha</h1>
<Xpage=691>

<hw>Het`e*rot"ri*cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ other + <?/, gen. <?/, a hair.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of ciliated Infusoria, having fine cilia all over the body, and a circle of larger ones around the anterior end.</def>

<mhw><h1>Heterotropal, Heterotropous</h1>
<Xpage=691>

<hw>Het`er*ot"ro*pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Het`er*ot"ro*pous</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"etero`tropos</grk> turning another way; <?/ other + <?/ to turn: cf. F. <ets>h\'82t\'82rotrope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the embryo or ovule oblique or transverse to the funiculus; amphitropous.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Hething</h1>
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<hw>He"thing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Contempt; scorn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hetman</h1>
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<hw>Het"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hetmans</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Pol. <ets>hetman</ets>. Cf. <er>Ataman</er>.]</ety> <def>A Cossack headman or general. The title of <i>chief hetman</i> is now held by the heir to the throne of Russia.</def>

<h1>Heugh</h1>
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<hw>Heugh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hogh</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A crag; a cliff; a glen with overhanging sides.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A shaft in a coal pit; a hollow in a quarry.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Heuk</h1>
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<hw>Heuk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Variant of <er>Huke</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Heulandite</h1>
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<hw>Heu"land*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[After <ets>Heuland</ets>, an English mineralogist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of the Zeolite family, often occurring in amygdaloid, in foliated masses, and also in monoclinic crystals with pearly luster on the cleavage face. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.</def>

<h1>Heuristic</h1>
<Xpage=691>

<hw>Heu*ris"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to discover.]</ety> <def>Serving to discover or find out.</def>

<h1>Heved</h1>
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<hw>Hev"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The head.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hew</h1>
<Xpage=691>

<hw>Hew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Hewed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Hewed</er> or <er>Hewn</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hewing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>he\'a0wan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>houwen</ets>, OHG. <ets>houwan</ets>, G. <ets>hauen</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'94ggva</ets>, Sw. <ets>hugga</ets>, Dan. <ets>hugge</ets>, Lith. <ets>kova</ets> battle, Russ. <ets>kovate</ets> to hammer, forge. Cf. <er>Hay</er> cut grass, <er>Hoe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut with an ax; to fell with a sharp instrument; -- often with <i>down</i>, or <i>off</i>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form or shape with a sharp instrument; to cut; hence, to form laboriously; -- often with <i>out</i>; <as>as, to <ex>hew</ex> out a sepulcher</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Look unto the rock whence ye are <b>hewn</b>.
<i>Is. li. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Rather polishing old works than <b>hewing</b> out new.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cut in pieces; to chop; to hack.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hew</b> them to pieces; hack their bones asunder.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hew</h1>
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<hw>Hew</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Destruction by cutting down.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Of whom he makes such havoc and such <b>hew</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hew</h1>
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<hw>Hew</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hue; color.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Shape; form.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Hewe</h1>
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<hw>Hewe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hind</er> a peasant.]</ety> <def>A domestic servant; a retainer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "False homely <i>hewe</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hewer</h1>
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<hw>Hew"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hews.</def>

<h1>Hewhole</h1>
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<hw>Hew"hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hickwall</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European green woodpecker. See <er>Yaffle</er>.</def>

<h1>Hewn</h1>
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<hw>Hewn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Felled, cut, or shaped as with an ax; roughly squared; <as>as, a house built of <ex>hewn</ex> logs</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Roughly dressed as with a hammer; <as>as, <ex>hewn</ex> stone</as>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Hex-, Hexa</h1>
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<hw>Hex-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hex"a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><mhw>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ six. See <er>Six</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix or combining form, used to denote <i>six</i>, <i>sixth</i>, etc.; <as>as, <ex>hex</ex>atomic, <ex>hexa</ex>basic</as>.</def>

<h1>Hexabasic</h1>
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<hw>Hex`a*ba"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hexa-</ets> + <ets>basic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having six hydrogen atoms or six radicals capable of being replaced or saturated by bases; -- said of acids; <as>as, mellitic acid is <ex>hexabasic</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Hexacapsular</h1>
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<hw>Hex`a*cap"su*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hexa-</ets> + <ets>capsular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having six capsules or seed vessels.</def>

<h1>Hexachord</h1>
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<hw>Hex"a*chord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hexa-</ets> + Gr. <?/ string, chord: cf. F. <ets>hexacorde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A series of six notes, with a semitone between the third and fourth, the other intervals being whole tones.</def>

<h1>Hexacid</h1>
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<hw>Hex`ac"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hex-</ets> + <ets>acid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having six atoms or radicals capable of being replaced by acids; hexatomic; hexavalent; -- said of bases; <as>as, mannite is a <ex>hexacid</ex> base</as>.</def>

<h1>Hexactinellid</h1>
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<hw>Hex*ac`ti*nel"lid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having six-rayed spicules; belonging to the <spn>Hexactinellin\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Hexactinelline</h1>
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<hw>Hex*ac`ti*nel"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From NL. <ets>Hexactinellin\'91</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ six + a dim. of <?/, <?/, a ray.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the <spn>Hexactinellin\'91</spn>, a group of sponges, having six-rayed siliceous spicules.</def>

<h1>Hexactinia</h1>
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<hw>Hex`ac*tin"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hex-</er>, and <er>Actinia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Anthozoa.</def>

<h1>Hexad</h1>
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<hw>Hex"ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hexas</ets>, <ets>hexadis</ets>, the number six, Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ six.]</ety> <fld>(chem.)</fld> <def>An atom whose valence is six, and which can be theoretically combined with, substituted for, or replaced by, <i>six</i> monad atoms or radicals; <as>as, sulphur is a <ex>hexad</ex> in sulphuric acid</as>. Also used as an adjective.</def>

<h1>Hexadactylous</h1>
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<hw>Hex`a*dac"tyl*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ six + <?/ finger: cf. F. <ets>hexadactyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having six fingers or toes.</def>

<h1>Hexade</h1>
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<hw>Hex"ade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hexad</er>.]</ety> <def>A series of six numbers.</def>

<h1>Hexadecane</h1>
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<hw>Hex"a*dec`ane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hecdecane</er>.</def>

<h1>Hexagon</h1>
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<hw>Hex"a*gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hexagonum</ets>, Gr. <?/ six-cornered; <?/ six (akin to E. <ets>six</ets>) + <?/ angle.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A plane figure of six angles.</def>

<cs><col>Regular hexagon</col>, <cd>a hexagon in which the angles are all equal, and the sides are also all equal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hexagonal</h1>
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<hw>Hex*ag"o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hexagonal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having six sides and six angles; six-sided.</def>

<cs><col>Hexagonal system</col>. <fld>(Crystal.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Crystallization</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hexagonally</h1>
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<hw>Hex*ag"o*nal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an hexagonal manner.</def>

<h1>Hexagony</h1>
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<hw>Hex*ag"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hexagon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bramhall.</i>

<h1>Hexagynia</h1>
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<hw>Hex`a*gyn"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ six + <?/ a woman, female: cf. F. <ets>hexagynie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an order of plants having six pistils.</def>

<mhw><h1>Hexagynian, Hexagynous</h1>
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<hw>Hex`a*gyn"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hex*ag"y*nous</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hexagyne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having six pistils.</def>

<h1>Hexahedral</h1>
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<hw>Hex`a*he"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>In the form of a hexahedron; having six sides or faces.</def>

<h1>Hexahedron</h1>
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<hw>Hex`a*he"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Hexahedrons</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Hexahedra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Hexa-</ets> + Gr. <?/ seat, base, fr. <?/ to sit: cf. F. <ets>hexa\'8adre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A solid body of six sides or faces.</def>

<cs><col>Regular hexahedron</col>, <cd>a hexagon having six equal squares for its sides; a cube.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hexahemeron</h1>
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<hw>Hex`a*hem"er*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ six + <?/ day; cf. L. <ets>hexa\'89meron</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A term of six days.</def>

<i>Good.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The history of the six day's work of creation, as contained in the first chapter of Genesis.</def>

<h1>Hexamerous</h1>
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<hw>Hex*am"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hexa-</ets> + Gr.<?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>In six parts; in sixes.</def>

<h1>Hexameter</h1>
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<hw>Hex*am"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ of six meters; (sc. <?/) hexameter verse; <?/ six + <?/ measure: cf. F. <ets>hexam\'8atre</ets>. See <er>Six</er>, and <er>Meter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. & Lat. Pros.)</fld> <def>A verse of six feet, the first four of which may be either dactyls or spondees, the fifth must regularly be a dactyl, and the sixth always a spondee. In this species of verse are composed the Iliad of Homer and the \'92neid of Virgil. In English hexameters accent takes the place of quantity.</def>

<blockquote>Leaped like the | roe when he | hears in the | woodland the | voice of the | huntsman.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Strongly it | bears us a- | long on | swelling and | limitless | billows,
Nothing be- | fore and | nothing be- | hind but the | sky and the | ocean.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hexameter</h1>
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<hw>Hex*am"e*ter</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having six metrical feet, especially dactyls and spondees.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Hexametric, Hexametrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hex`a*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hex`a*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of six metrical feet.</def>

<h1>Hexametrist</h1>
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<hw>Hex*am"e*trist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who writes in hexameters.</def> "The Christian <i>hexametrists</i>."

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Hexandria</h1>
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<hw>Hex*an"dri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ six + <?/, <?/, a man, male: cf. F. <ets>hexandrie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an class of plants having six stamens.</def>

<h1>Hexandrian, Hex-androus</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hex*an"dri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hex-an"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hexandre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having six stamens.</def>

<h1>Hexane</h1>
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<hw>Hex"ane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ six.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld><def>Any one of five hydrocarbons, <chform>C6H14</chform>, of the paraffin series. They are colorless, volatile liquids, and are so called because the molecule has <i>six</i> carbon atoms.</def>

<h1>Hexangular</h1>
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<hw>Hex*an"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hex-</ets> + <ets>angular</ets>. Cf. <er>Sexangular</er>.]</ety> <def>Having six angles or corners.</def>

<h1>Hexapetalous</h1>
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<hw>Hex`a*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hexa-</ets> + <ets>petal</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hexap\'82tale</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having six petals.</def>

<h1>Hexaphyllous</h1>
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<hw>Hex*aph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hexa-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a leaf: cf. F. <ets>hexaphylle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having six leaves or leaflets.</def>

<h1>Hexapla</h1>
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<hw>Hex"a*pla</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>Etym. <tt>pl.</tt>, but syntactically <tt>sing.</tt></ety> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, contr. <?/, sixfold.]</ety> <def>A collection of the Holy Scriptures in six languages or six versions in parallel columns; particularly, the edition of the Old Testament published by Origen, in the 3d century.</def>

<h1>Hexapod</h1>
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<hw>Hex"a*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, sixfooted; <?/ six + <?/, <?/, foot: cf. F. <ets>hexapode</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having six feet.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal having six feet; one of the Hexapoda</def>.</def2>

<h1>Hexapoda</h1>
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<hw>Hex*ap"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ six + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The true, or six-legged, insects; insects other than myriapods and arachnids.</def>

<note>&hand; The Hexapoda have the head, thorax, and abdomen differentiated, and are mostly winged. They have three pairs of mouth organs, viz., mandibles, maxill\'91, and the second maxill\'91 or labial palpi; three pairs of thoracic legs; and abdominal legs, which are present only in some of the lowest forms, and in the larval state of some of the higher ones. Many (the Metabola) undergo a complete metamorphosis, having larv\'91 (known as maggots, grubs, caterpillars) very unlike the adult, and pass through a quiescent pupa state in which no food is taken; others (the Hemimetabola) have larv\'91 much like the adult, expert in lacking wings, and an active pupa, in which rudimentary wings appear. See <er>Insecta</er>.
   The Hexapoda are divided into several orders.</note>

<h1>Hexapodous</h1>
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<hw>Hex*ap"o*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having six feet; belonging to the Hexapoda.</def>

<h1>Hexapterous</h1>
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<hw>Hex*ap"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hexa-</ets> + Gr. <?/ wing.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having six processes.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Hexastich, Hexastichon</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hex"a*stich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hex*as"ti*chon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hexastichus</ets> of six rows, lines, or verses, Gr. <?/; <grk>"e`x</grk> six + <grk>sti`chos</grk> row, line, verse.]</ety> <def>A poem consisting of six verses or lines.</def>

<h1>Hexastyle</h1>
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<hw>Hex"a*style</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ with six columns; <?/ six + <?/ column: cf. F. <ets>hexastyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Having six columns in front; -- said of a portico or temple. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A hexastyle portico or temple.</def></def2>

<h1>Hexateuch</h1>
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<hw>Hex"a*teuch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hexa-</ets> + <?/ a tool, a book.]</ety> <def>The first six books of the Old Testament.</def>

<h1>Hexatomic</h1>
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<hw>Hex`a*tom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hex-</ets> + <ets>atomic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having six atoms in the molecule.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having six replaceable radicals.</def>

<h1>Hexavalent</h1>
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<hw>Hex*av"a*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hexa-</ets> + L. <ets>valens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, <tt>p. pr.</tt> See <er>Valence</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having a valence of six; -- said of hexads.</def>

<h1>Hexdecyl</h1>
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<hw>Hex"de*cyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hex-</ets> + <ets>decyl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The essential radical, <chform>C16H33</chform>, of hecdecane.</def>

<h1>Hexdecylic</h1>
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<hw>Hex`de*cyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, hexdecyl or hecdecane; <as>as, <ex>hexdecylic</ex> alcohol</as>.</def>

<h1>Hexeikosane</h1>
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<hw>Hex*ei"ko*sane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hex-</ets> + <ets>eikosane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon, <chform>C26H54</chform>, resembling paraffine; -- so called because each molecule has <i>twenty-six</i> atoms of carbon.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hexacosane</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hexene</h1>
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<hw>Hex"ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ six.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hexylene</er>.</def>

<h1>Hexicology</h1>
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<hw>Hex`i*col"ogy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ state or habit + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the complex relations of living creatures to other organisms, and to their surrounding conditions generally.</def>
<-- = ecology -->

<i>St. George Mivart.</i>

<h1>Hexine</h1>
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<hw>Hex"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"e`x</grk> six.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon, <chform>C6H10</chform>, of the acetylene series, obtained artificially as a colorless, volatile, pungent liquid; -- called also <altname>hexoylene</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hexoctahedron</h1>
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<hw>Hex*oc`ta*he"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hex-</ets> + <ets>octahedron</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A solid having forty-eight equal triangular faces.</def>

<h1>Hexoic</h1>
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<hw>Hex*o"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, hexane; <as>as, <ex>hexoic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Hexone</h1>
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<hw>Hex"one</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hex-</ets> + <ets>-one</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid hydrocarbon, <chform>C6H8</chform>, of the valylene series, obtained from distillation products of certain fats and gums.</def>

<h1>Hexyl</h1>
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<hw>Hex"yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hex-</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(chem.)</fld> <def>A compound radical, <chform>C6H13</chform>, regarded as the essential residue of <i>hexane</i>, and a related series of compounds.</def>

<h1>Hexylene</h1>
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<hw>Hex"yl*ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hex-</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets> + ethl<ets>ene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, liquid hydrocarbon, <chform>C6H12</chform>, of the ethylene series, produced artificially, and found as a natural product of distillation of certain coals; also, any one several isomers of hexylene proper. Called also <altname>hexene</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hexylic</h1>
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<hw>Hex*yl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, hexyl or hexane; <as>as, <ex>hexylic</ex> alcohol</as>.</def>

<h1>Hey</h1>
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<hw>Hey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>High</er>.]</ety> <def>High.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hey</h1>
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<hw>Hey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hei</ets>; cf. D. & G. <ets>hei</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An exclamation of joy, surprise, or encouragement.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cry to set dogs on.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Heyday</h1>
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<hw>Hey"day`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>heida</ets>, or <ets>hei da</ets>, D. <ets>hei daar</ets>. Cf. <er>Hey</er>, and <er>There</er>.]</ety> <def>An expression of frolic and exultation, and sometimes of wonder.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Heyday</h1>
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<hw>Hey"day`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. for. <ets>high day</ets>. See <ets>High</ets>, and <er>Day</er>.]</ety> <def>The time of triumph and exultation; hence, joy, high spirits, frolicsomeness; wildness.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>heyday</b> in the blood is tame.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In the <b>heyday</b> of their victories.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Heydeguy</h1>
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<hw>Hey"de*guy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. fr. <ets>heyday + guise</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of country-dance or round.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<mhw><h1>Heyh, Heygh</h1>
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<hw>Heyh</hw>, <hw>Heygh</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>High.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Heyne</h1>
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<hw>Heyne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>he\'a0n</ets> low, mean.]</ety> <def>A wretch; a rascal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Heyten</h1>
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<hw>Hey"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>h<?/<?/an</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hiation</h1>
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<hw>Hi*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hiatus</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of gaping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Hiatus</h1>
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<hw>Hi*a"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Hiatus</plw>, E. <plw>Hiatuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>hiare</ets>, <ets>hiatum</ets>, to gape; akin to E. <ets>yawn</ets>. See <er>Yawn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An opening; an aperture; a gap; a chasm; esp., a defect in a manuscript, where some part is lost or effaced; a space where something is wanting; a break.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The concurrence of two vowels in two successive words or syllables.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Hibernacle</h1>
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<hw>Hi*ber"na*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hibernaculum</ets> a winter residence, pl. <ets>hibernacula</ets> winter quarters: cf. F. <ets>hibernacle</ets>. See <er>Hibernate</er>.]</ety> <def>That which serves for protection or shelter in winter; winter quarters; <as>as, the <ex>hibernacle</ex> of an animal or a plant</as>.</def>

<i>Martyn.</i>

<h1>Hibernaculum</h1>
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<hw>Hi`ber*nac"u*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hibernacle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A winter bud, in which the rudimentary foliage or flower, as of most trees and shrubs in the temperate zone, is protected by closely overlapping scales.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A little case in which certain insects pass the winter.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Winter home or abiding place.</def>

<i>J. Burroughs.</i>

<h1>Hibernal</h1>
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<hw>Hi*ber"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hibernalis</ets>, from the root of <ets>hiems</ets> winter; akin to Gr. <?/ snow, Skr. <ets>hima</ets> cold, winter, snow: cf. F. <ets>hibernal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging or relating to winter; wintry; winterish.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Hibernate</h1>
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<hw>Hi"ber*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hibernated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hibernating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>hibernare</ets>, <ets>hibernatum</ets>, fr. <ets>hibernu<?/</ets> wintry. See <er>Hibernal</er>.]</ety> <def>To winter; to pass the season of winter in close quarters, in a torpid or lethargic state, as certain mammals, reptiles, and insects.</def>

<blockquote>Inclination would lead me to <b>hibernate</b>, during half the year, in this uncomfortable climate of Great Britain.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hibernation</h1>
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<hw>Hi`ber*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hibernation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or state of hibernating.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Hibernian</h1>
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<hw>Hi*ber"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Hibernia</ets>, Ireland.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Hibernia, now Ireland; Irish.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or an inhabitant of Ireland.</def></def2>

<h1>Hibernicism, Hibernianism</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hi*ber"ni*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hi*ber"ni*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>An idiom or mode of speech peculiar to the Irish.</def>

<i>Todd.</i>

<h1>Hiberno-Celtic</h1>
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<hw>Hi*ber"no-Celt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The native language of the Irish; that branch of the Celtic languages spoken by the natives of Ireland. Also <i>adj</i>.</def>

<h1>Hibiscus</h1>
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<hw>Hi*bis"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., marsh mallow; cf. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants (herbs, shrubs, or trees), some species of which have large, showy flowers. Some species are cultivated in India for their fiber, which is used as a substitute for hemp. See <er>Althea</er>, <er>Hollyhock</er>, and <er>Manoe</er>.</def>

<h1>Hiccius doctius</h1>
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<hw>Hic"ci*us doc"ti*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Corrupted fr. L. <ets>hic est doctus</ets> this is a learned man.]</ety> <def>A juggler.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark><-- ==> hocus pocus -->

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<hr>
<page="692">
Page 692<p>

<h1>Hiccough</h1>
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<hw>Hic"cough</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hickup</ets>, <ets>hicket</ets>, <ets>hickock</ets>; prob. of imitative origin; cf. D. & Dan. <ets>hik</ets>, Sw. <ets>hicka</ets>, Armor. <ets>hak</ets>, <ets>hik</ets>, W. <ets>ig</ets>, F. <ets>hoquet</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A modified respiratory movement; a spasmodic inspiration, consisting of a sudden contraction of the diaphragm, accompanied with closure of the glottis, so that further entrance of air is prevented, while the impulse of the column of air entering and striking upon the closed glottis produces a sound, or hiccough.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hickup</asp> or hiccup.]</altsp>

<h1>Hiccough</h1>
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<hw>Hic"cough</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hiccoughed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hiccoughing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To have a hiccough or hiccoughs.</def>

<h1>Hickory</h1>
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<hw>Hick"o*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[North American Indian <ets>pawcohiccora</ets> (Capt. J. Smith) a kind of milk or oily liquor pressed from pounded hickory nuts. "<ets>Pohickory</ets>" is named in a list of Virginia trees, in 1653, and this was finally shortened to "hickory." <i>J. H. Trumbull</i>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American tree of the genus <spn>Carya</spn>, of which there are several species. The shagbark is the <spn>C. alba</spn>, and has a very rough bark; it affords the hickory nut of the markets.  The pignut, or brown hickory, is the <spn>C. glabra</spn>. The swamp hickory is <spn>C. amara</spn>, having a nut whose shell is very thin and the kernel bitter.</def>

<cs><col>Hickory shad</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The mattowacca, or fall herring.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The gizzard shad.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hicksite</h1>
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<hw>Hicks"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A member or follower of the "liberal" party, headed by Elias <i>Hicks</i>, which, because of a change of views respecting the divinity of Christ and the Atonement, seceded from the conservative portion of the Society of Friends in the United States, in 1827.</def>

<h1>Hickup</h1>
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<hw>Hick"up</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Hiccough</er>.</def>

<h1>Hickwall, Hickway</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hick"wall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hick"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE., also <ets>hyghwhele</ets>, <ets>highawe</ets>.]</ety> <def>The lesser spotted woodpecker (<spn>Dendrocopus minor</spn>) of Europe.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Hid</h1>
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<hw>Hid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Hide</er>. See <er>Hidden</er>.</def>

<h1>Hidage</h1>
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<hw>Hid"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>hide</ets> a quantity of land.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law.)</fld> <def>A tax formerly paid to the kings of England for every hide of land.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hydage</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hidalgo</h1>
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<hw>Hi*dal"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., contr. fr. <ets>hijo de algo</ets>, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., son of something; <ets>hijo</ets> son (fr. LL. <ets>filius</ets>) + <ets>algo</ets> something, fr. L. <ets>aliquod</ets>. Cf. <er>Fidalgo</er>.]</ety> <def>A title, denoting a Spanish nobleman of the lower class.</def>

<h1>Hidden</h1>
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<hw>Hid"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>from <er>Hide</er>. Concealed; put out of view; secret; not known; mysterious.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Hidden fifths</col> &or; <col>octaves</col></mcol> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>consecutive fifths or octaves, not sounded, but suggested or implied in the parallel motion of two parts towards a fifth or an octave.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Hidden</er>, <er>Secret</er>, <er>Covert</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Hidden</i> may denote either known to on one; as, a <i>hidden</i> disease; or intentionally concealed; as, a <i>hidden</i> purpose of revenge. <i>Secret</i> denotes that the thing is known only to the party or parties concerned; as, a <i>secret</i> conspiracy. <i>Covert</i> literally denotes what is not <i>open</i> or avowed; as, a <i>covert</i> plan; but is often applied to what we mean shall be understood, without openly expressing it; as, a <i>covert</i> allusion. <i>Secret</i> is opposed to <i>known</i>, and <i>hidden</i> to <i>revealed</i>.</usage>

<blockquote>Bring to light the <b>hidden</b> things of darkness.
<i>1 Cor. iv. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My heart, which by a <b>secret</b> harmony
Still moves with thine, joined in connection sweet.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By what best way,
Whether of open war, or <b>covert</b> guile,
We now debate.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hiddenite</h1>
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<hw>Hid"den*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[After W. E. <ets>Hidden</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An emerald-green variety of spodumene found in North Carolina; lithia emerald, -- used as a gem.</def>

<h1>Hiddenly</h1>
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<hw>Hid"den*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a hidden manner.</def>

<h1>Hide</h1>
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<hw>Hide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Hid</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Hidden</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Hid</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hiding</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hiden</ets>, <ets>huden</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/dan</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/, and prob. to E. <ets>house</ets>, <ets>hut</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>hide</ets> of an animal, and to <ets>hoard</ets>. Cf. <er>Hoard</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To conceal, or withdraw from sight; to put out of view; to secrete.</def>

<blockquote>A city that is set on an hill can not be <b>hid</b>.
<i>Matt. v. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If circumstances lead me, I will find
Where truth is <b>hid</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To withhold from knowledge; to keep secret; to refrain from avowing or confessing.</def>

<blockquote>Heaven from all creatures <b>hides</b> the book of fate.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To remove from danger; to shelter.</def>

<blockquote>In the time of trouble he shall <b>hide</b> me in his pavilion.
<i>Ps. xxvi. 5.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To hide one's self</col>, <cd>to put one's self in a condition to be safe; to secure protection. "A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and <i>hideth himself<i>." <i>Prov. xxii. 3</i>.</cd> -- <col>To hide the face</col>, <cd>to withdraw favor. "Thou didst <i>hide thy face<i>, and I was troubled." <i>Ps. xxx. 7</i>.</cd> -- <col>To hide the face from</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To overlook; to pardon. "<i>Hide thy face from<i> my sins." <i>Ps. li. 9</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To withdraw favor from; to be displeased with.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To conceal; secrete; disguise; dissemble; screen; cloak; mask; veil. See <er>Conceal</er>.</syn>

<h1>Hide</h1>
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<hw>Hide</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lie concealed; to keep one's self out of view; to be withdrawn from sight or observation.</def>

<blockquote>Bred to disguise, in public 'tis you <b>hide</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Hide and seek</col>, <cd>a play of children, in which some hide themselves, and others seek them.</cd></cs>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Hide</h1>
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<hw>Hide</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h\'c6d</ets>, earlier <ets>h\'c6ged</ets>; prob. orig., land enough to support a family; cf. AS. <ets>h\'c6wan</ets>, <ets>h\'c6gan</ets>, members of a household, and E. <ets>hind a peasant</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An abode or dwelling.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A measure of land, common in Domesday Book and old English charters, the quantity of which is not well ascertained, but has been differently estimated at 80, 100, and 120 acres.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hyde</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hide</h1>
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<hw>Hide</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.<ets>hide</ets>, <ets>hude</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/d</ets>; akin to D. <ets>huid</ets>, OHG, <ets>h<?/t</ets>, G. <ets>haut</ets>, Icel. <ets>h<?/<?/</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>hud</ets>, L. <ets>cutis</ets>, Gr. <?/; and cf. Gr. <?/ skin, hide, L. <ets>scutum</ets> shield, and E. <ets>sky</ets>. <ets><?/<?/<?/</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The skin of an animal, either raw or dressed; -- generally applied to the undressed skins of the larger domestic animals, as oxen, horses, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The human skin; -- so called in contempt.</def>

<blockquote>O tiger's heart, wrapped in a woman's <b>hide</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hide</h1>
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<hw>Hide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hided</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hiding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To flog; to whip.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Low, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Hidebound</h1>
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<hw>Hide"bound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the skin adhering so closely to the ribs and back as not to be easily loosened or raised; -- said of an animal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>Having the bark so close and constricting that it impedes the growth; -- said of trees.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Untractable; bigoted; obstinately and blindly or stupidly conservative.</def>

<i>Milton. Carlyle.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Niggardly; penurious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Quarles.</i>

<h1>Hideous</h1>
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<hw>Hid"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hidous</ets>, OF. <ets>hidous</ets>, <ets>hidos</ets>, <ets>hidus</ets>, <ets>hisdos</ets>, <ets>hisdous</ets>, F. <ets>hideux</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>hide</ets>, <ets>hisde</ets>, fright; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. <ets>egid\'c6</ets> horror, or L. <ets>hispidosus</ets>, for <ets>hispidus</ets> rough, bristly, E. <ets>hispid</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Frightful, shocking, or offensive to the eyes; dreadful to behold; <as>as, a <ex>hideous</ex> monster; <ex>hideous</ex> looks</as>.</def> "A piteous and <i>hideous</i> spectacle."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Distressing or offensive to the ear; exciting terror or dismay; <as>as, a <ex>hideous</ex> noise</as>.</def> "<i>Hideous</i> cries."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hateful; shocking.</def> "Sure, you have some <i>hideous</i> matter to deliver."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Frightful; ghastly; grim; grisly; horrid; dreadful; terrible.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Hid"e*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Hid"e*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hider</h1>
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<hw>Hid"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hides or conceals.</def>

<h1>Hiding</h1>
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<hw>Hid"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of hiding or concealing, or of withholding from view or knowledge; concealment.</def>

<blockquote>There was the <b>hiding</b> of his power.
<i>Hab. iii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hiding</h1>
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<hw>Hid"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flogging.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Charles Reade.</i>

<h1>Hie</h1>
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<hw>Hie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hien</ets>, <ets>hihen</ets>, <ets>highen</ets>, AS. <ets>higian</ets> to hasten, strive; cf. L. <ets>ciere</ets> to put in motion, call upon, rouse, Gr. <?/ to go, E. <ets>cite</ets>.]</ety> <def>To hasten; to go in haste; -- also often with the reciprocal pronoun.</def> <mark>[Rare, except in poetry]</mark> "My husband <i>hies</i> him home."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The youth, returning to his mistress, <b>hies</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hie</h1>
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<hw>Hie</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Haste; diligence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hiems</h1>
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<hw>Hi"ems</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Winter.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hierapicra</h1>
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<hw>Hi"e*ra*pi"cra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ sacred + <?/ bitter.]</ety> <fld>(med.)</fld> <def>A warming cathartic medicine, made of aloes and canella bark.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Hierarch</h1>
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<hw>Hi"er*arch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>hierarcha</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ sacred (akin to Skr. <ets>ishiras</ets> vigorous, fresh, blooming) + <?/ leader, ruler, fr. <?/ to lead, rule: cf. F. <ets>hi\'82rarque</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who has high and controlling authority in sacred things; the chief of a sacred order; <as>as, princely <ex>hierarchs</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Hierarchal, Hierarchic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hi"er*arch`al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hi`er*arch"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a hierarch.</def> "The great <i>hierarchal</i> standard."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Hierarchical</h1>
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<hw>Hi`er*arch"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hi\'82rarchique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a hierarchy.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hi`er*arch`ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>
<-- MW10 = "of, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy" -->

<-- 2. Pertaining to a transitive relation between objects by which they may be ordered into a hierarchy. -->

<h1>Hierarchism</h1>
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<hw>Hi"er*arch`ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles or authority of a hierarchy.</def>

<blockquote>The more dominant <b>hierarchism</b> of the West.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hierarchy</h1>
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<hw>Hi"er*arch`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hierarchies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>hi\'82rarchie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dominion or authority in sacred things.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A body of officials disposed organically in ranks and orders each subordinate to the one above it; a body of ecclesiastical rulers.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A form of government administered in the church by patriarchs, metropolitans, archbishops, bishops, and, in an inferior degree, by priests.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A rank or order of holy beings.</def>

<blockquote>Standards and gonfalons . . . for distinction serve
Of <b>hierarchies</b>, of orders, and degrees.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<-- 5. Any group of objects ranked so that every one but the topmost is subordinate to a specified one above it.  The ordering relation between each object and the one above is called a "hierarchical relation" -->

<h1>Hieratic</h1>
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<hw>Hi`er*at"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hieraticus</ets>, Gr. <?/; akin to <?/ sacred: cf. F. <ets>hi\'82ratique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consecrated to sacred uses; sacerdotal; pertaining to priests.</def>

<cs><col>Hieratic character</col>, <cd>a mode of ancient Egyptian writing; a modified form of hieroglyphics, tending toward a cursive hand and formerly supposed to be the sacerdotal character, as the <i>demotic<i> was supposed to be that of the people.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>It was a false notion of the Greeks that of the three kinds of writing used by the Egyptians, two -- for that reason called hieroglyphic and <b>hieratic</b> -- were employed only for sacred, while the third, the demotic, was employed for secular, purposes. No such distinction is discoverable on the more ancient Egyptian monuments; bur we retain the old names founded on misapprehension.
<i>W. H. Ward (Johnson's Cyc.).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hierocracy</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi`er*oc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sacred + <?/ to be strong, rule.]</ety> <def>Government by ecclesiastics; a hierarchy.</def>

<i>Jefferson.</i>

<h1>Hieroglyph, Hieroglyphic</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw><hw>Hi"er*o*glyph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hi`er*o*glyph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hi\'82roglyphe</ets>. See <er>Hieroglyphic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A sacred character; a character in picture writing, as of the ancient Egyptians, Mexicans, etc. Specifically, in the plural, the picture writing of the ancient Egyptian priests. It is made up of three, or, as some say, four classes of characters: first, the <i>hieroglyphic</i> proper, or figurative, in which the representation of the object conveys the idea of the object itself; second, the <i>ideographic</i>, consisting of symbols representing ideas, not sounds, as an ostrich feather is a symbol of truth; third, the <i>phonetic</i>, consisting of symbols employed as syllables of a word, or as letters of the alphabet, having a certain sound, as a hawk represented the vowel <it>a.</it></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any character or figure which has, or is supposed to have, a hidden or mysterious significance; hence, any unintelligible or illegible character or mark.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Hieroglyphic, Hieroglyphical</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw><hw>Hi`er*o*glyph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hi`er*o*glyph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hieroglyphicus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ sacred + <?/ to carve: cf. F. <ets>hi\'82roglyphique</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Emblematic; expressive of some meaning by characters, pictures, or figures; <as>as, <ex>hieroglyphic</ex> writing; a <ex>hieroglyphic</ex> obelisk.</as></def>

<blockquote>Pages no better than blanks to common minds, to his, hieroglyphical of wisest secrets.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling hieroglyphics; not decipherable.</def> "An <i>hieroglyphical</i> scrawl."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Hieroglyphically</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi`er*o*glyph`ic*ally</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In hieroglyphics.</def>

<h1>Hieroglyphist</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi`er*og"ly*phist</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in hieroglyphics.</def>

<i>Gliddon.</i>

<h1>Hierogram</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi"er*o*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sacred + <ets>-gram</ets>.]</ety> <def>A form of sacred or hieratic writing.</def>

<h1>Hierogrammatic</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi`er*o*gram"mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hi\'82rogrammatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Written in, or pertaining to, hierograms; expressive of sacred writing.</def>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Hierogrammatist</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi`er*o*gram"ma*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hi\'82rogrammatiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A writer of hierograms; also, one skilled in hieroglyphics.</def>

<i>Greenhill.</i>

<h1>Hierographic, Hierographical</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw><hw>Hi`er*o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hi`er*o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hierographicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>hi\'82rographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to sacred writing.</def>

<h1>Hierography</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi`er*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ sacred + <?/ to write: cf. F. <ets>hi\'82rographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sacred writing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Hierolatry</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi`er*ol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sacred + <?/ worship, <?/ to worship.]</ety> <def>The worship of saints or sacred things.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Hierologic, Hierological</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw><hw>Hi`er*o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hi`er*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hi\'82rologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to hierology.</def>

<h1>Hierologist</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi`er*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in, or whostudies, hierology.</def>

<h1>Hierology</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi`er*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ sacred + <?/ discourse: cf. F. <ets>hi\'82rologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on sacred things; especially, the science which treats of the ancient writings and inscriptions of the Egyptians, or a treatise on that science.</def>

<h1>Hieromancy</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi"er*o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sacreo + <?/ divination: cf. F. <ets>hi\'82romantie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by observing the objects offered in sacrifice.</def>

<h1>Hiermartyr</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi"er*mar`tyr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sacred + E. <ets>martyr</ets>.]</ety> <def>A priest who becomes a martyr.</def>

<h1>Hieromnemon</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi`e*rom*ne"mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/; <?/ sacred + <?/ mindful, fr. <?/ to think on, remember.]</ety> <fld>(gr. Antiq.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The sacred secretary or recorder sent by each state belonging to the Amphictyonic Council, along with the deputy or minister.</def>

<i>Liddel & Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A magistrate who had charge of religious matters, as at Byzantium.</def>

<i>Liddel & Scott.</i>

<h1>Hieron</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi"er*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A consecrateo place; esp., a temple.</def>

<h1>Hieronymite</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi`er*on"y*mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From St. <ets>Hieronymus</ets>, or Jerome.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>See <er>Jeronymite</er>.</def>

<h1>Hierophant</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi*er"o*phant</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hierophanta</ets>, <ets>hierophantes</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/; <?/ sacred + <?/ to show, make known: cf. F. <ets>hi\'82rophante</ets>.]</ety> <def>The presiding priest who initiated candidates at the Eleusinian mysteries; hence, one who teaches the mysteries and duties of religion.</def>

<i>Abp Potter.</i>

<h1>Hierophantic</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi`er*o*phan"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to hierophants or their teachings.</def>

<h1>Hieroscopy</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi`er*os"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ divination; <?/ sacred + <?/ to view.]</ety> <def>Divination by inspection of entrails of victims offered in sacrifice.</def>

<h1>Hierotheca</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi`er*o*the"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-c\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ sacred + <?/ chest.]</ety> <def>A receptacle for sacred objects.</def>

<h1>Hierourgy</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi"er*our`gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ sacred + <?/ work.]</ety> <def>A sacred or holy work or worship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Waterland.</i>

<h1>Hifalutin</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hi`fa*lu"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Highfaluting</er>.</def>

<h1>Higgle</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hig"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Higgled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Higgling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Haggle</er>, or <er>Huckster</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hawk or peddle provisions.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To chaffer; to stickle for small advantages in buying and selling; to haggle.</def>

<blockquote>A person accustomed to <b>higgle</b> about taps.
<i>Jeffry.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To truck and <b>higgle</b> for a private good.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Higgledy-piggledy</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hig`gle*dy-pig"gle*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In confusion; topsy-turvy.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Higgler</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>Hig"gler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who higgles.</def>

<h1>High</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>High</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hie</er>.]</ety> <def>To hie.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Men must <b>high</b> them apace, and make haste.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>High</h1>
<Xpage=692>

<hw>High</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Higher</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Highest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>high</ets>, <ets>hegh</ets>, <ets>hey</ets>, <ets>heh</ets>, AS. <ets>he\'a0h</ets>, <ets>h<?/h</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>h</ets><?/<ets>h</ets>, OFries. <ets>hag</ets>, <ets>hach</ets>, D. <ets>hoog</ets>, OHG. <ets>h</ets><?/<ets>h</ets>, G. <ets>hoch</ets>, Icel. <ets>h</ets><?/<ets>r</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'94g</ets>, Dan. <ets>h\'94i</ets>, Goth. <ets>hauhs</ets>, and to Icel. <ets>haugr</ets> mound, G. <ets>h\'81gel</ets> hill, Lith. <ets>kaukaras</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Elevated above any starting point of measurement, as a line, or surface; having altitude; lifted up; raised or extended in the direction of the zenith; lofty; tall; <as>as, a <ex>high</ex> mountain, tower, tree; the sun is <ex>high</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Regarded as raised up or elevated; distinguished; remarkable; conspicuous; superior; -- used indefinitely or relatively, and often in figurative senses, which are understood from the connection</def>; as -

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Elevated in character or quality, whether moral or intellectual; pre\'89minent; honorable; as, <i>high</i> aims, or motives</def>. "The <i>highest</i> faculty of the soul."

<i>Baxter.</i>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Exalted in social standing or general estimation, or in rank, reputation, office, and the like; dignified; as, she was welcomed in the <i>highest</i> circles</def>.

<blockquote>He was a wight of <b>high</b> renown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Of noble birth; illustrious; as, of <i>high</i> family</def>.

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Of great strength, force, importance, and the like; strong; mighty; powerful; violent; sometimes, triumphant; victorious; majestic, etc.; as, a</def> <i>high</i> wind; <i>high</i> passions. "With rather a <i>high</i> manner."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<blockquote>Strong is thy hand, and <b>high</b> is thy right hand.
<i>Ps. lxxxix. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Can heavenly minds such <b>high</b> resentment show?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="693">
Page 693<p>

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>Very abstract; difficult to comprehend or surmount; grand; noble</def>.

<blockquote>Both meet to hear and answer such <b>high</b> things.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Plain living and <b>high</b> thinking are no more.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(f)</sd> <def>Costly; dear in price; extravagant; as, to hold goods at a <i>high</i> price</def>.

<blockquote>If they must be good at so <b>high</b> a rate, they know they may be safe at a cheaper.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(g)</sd> <def>Arrogant; lofty; boastful; proud; ostentatious; -- used in a bad sense</def>.

<blockquote>An <b>high</b> look and a proud heart . . . is sin.
<i>Prov. xxi. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His forces, after all the <b>high</b> discourses, amounted really but to eighteen hundred foot.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Possessing a characteristic quality in a supreme or superior degree; <as>as, <ex>high</ex> (<it>i. e</it></i>., intense) heat; <i>high</i> (<it>i. e.</it>, full or quite) noon; <i>high</i> (<it>i. e.</it>, rich or spicy) seasoning; <i>high</i> (<it>i. e.</it>, complete) pleasure; <i>high</i> (<it>i. e.</it>, deep or vivid) color; <i>high</i> (<it>i. e.</it>, extensive, thorough) scholarship, etc.</def>

<blockquote><b>High</b> time it is this war now ended were.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>High</b> sauces and spices are fetched from the Indies.
<i>Baker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Strong-scented; slightly tainted; <as>as, epicures do not cook game before it is <ex>high</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Acute or sharp; -- opposed to <i>grave</i> or <i>low</i>; <as>as, a <ex>high</ex> note</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>Made with a high position of some part of the tongue in relation to the palate, as &emac; (&emac;ve), &oomac; (f&oomac;d). See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 10, 11.</def>

<cs><col>High admiral</col>, <cd>the chief admiral.</cd> -- <col>High altar</col>, <cd>the principal altar in a church.</cd> -- <col>High and dry</col>, <cd>out of water; out of reach of the current or tide; -- said of a vessel, aground or beached.</cd> -- <col>High and mighty</col> <cd>arrogant; overbearing.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>High art</col>, <cd>art which deals with lofty and dignified subjects and is characterized by an elevated style avoiding all meretricious display.</cd> -- <col>High bailiff</col>, <cd>the chief bailiff.</cd> -- <mcol><col>High Church</col>, &and; <col>Low Church</col></mcol>, <cd>two ecclesiastical parties in the Church of England and the Protestant Episcopal Church. The high-churchmen emphasize the doctrine of the apostolic succession, and hold, in general, to a sacramental presence in the Eucharist, to baptismal regeneration, and to the sole validity of Episcopal ordination. They attach much importance to ceremonies and symbols in worship. Low-churchmen lay less stress on these points, and, in many instances, reject altogether the peculiar tenets of the high-church school. See <er>Broad Church</er>.</cd> -- <col>High constable</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a chief of constabulary. See <er>Constable</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd> -- <col>High commission court</col>,<cd>a court of ecclesiastical jurisdiction in England erected and united to the regal power by Queen Elizabeth in 1559. On account of the abuse of its powers it was abolished in 1641.</cd> -- <col>High day</col> <fld>(Script.)</fld>, <cd>a holy or feast day. <i>John xix. 31.</i></cd> -- <col>High festival</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>a festival to be observed with full ceremonial.</cd> -- <mcol><col>High German</col>, &or; <col>High Dutch</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>German</er>.</cd> -- <col>High jinks</col>, <cd>an old Scottish pastime; hence, noisy revelry; wild sport. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "All the <i>high jinks</i> of the county, when the lad comes of age."  <i>F. Harrison</i>.</cd> -- <col>High latitude</col> <fld>(Geog.)</fld>, <cd>one designated by the higher figures; consequently, a latitude remote from the equator.</cd> -- <col>High life</col>, <cd>life among the aristocracy or the rich.</cd> -- <col>High liver</col>, <cd>one who indulges in a rich diet.</cd> -- <col>High living</col>, <cd>a feeding upon rich, pampering food.</cd> -- <col>High Mass</col>. <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Mass</er>.</cd> -- <col>High milling</col>, <cd>a process of making flour from grain by several successive grindings and intermediate sorting, instead of by a single grinding.</cd> -- <col>High noon</col>, <cd>the time when the sun is in the meridian.</cd> -- <col>High place</col> <fld>(Script.)</fld>, <cd>an eminence or mound on which sacrifices were offered.</cd> -- <col>High priest</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>High relief</col>. <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <cd>See <er>Alto-rilievo</er>.</cd> -- <col>High school</col>. See under <er>School</er>. <col>High seas</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the open sea; the part of the ocean not in the territorial waters of any particular sovereignty, usually distant three miles or more from the coast line. <i>Wharton</i>.</cd> -- <col>High steam</col>, <cd>steam having a high pressure.</cd> -- <col>High steward</col>, <cd>the chief steward.</cd> -- <col>High tea</col>, <cd>tea with meats and extra relishes.</cd> -- <col>High tide</col>, <cd>the greatest flow of the tide; high water.</cd> -- <col>High time</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Quite time; full time for the occasion.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A time of great excitement or enjoyment; a carousal. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd> -- <col>High treason</col>, <cd>treason against the sovereign or the state, the highest civil offense. See <er>Treason</er>.</cd>

<note>&hand; It is now sufficient to speak of high treason as treason simply, seeing that petty treason, as a distinct offense, has been abolished.</note>
<i>Mozley & W.</i>

-- <col>High water</col>, <cd>the utmost flow or greatest elevation of the tide; also, the time of such elevation.</cd> -- <col>High-water mark</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>That line of the seashore to which the waters ordinarily reach at high water.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A mark showing the highest level reached by water in a river or other body of fresh water, as in time of freshet.</cd> -- <col>High-water shrub</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a composite shrub (<spn>Iva frutescens</spn>), <i>growing in salt marshes along the Atlantic coast of the United States</i>.</cd> -- <col>High wine</col>, <cd>distilled spirits containing a high percentage of alcohol; -- usually in the plural.</cd> -- <col>To be on a high horse</col>, <cd>to be on one's dignity; to bear one's self loftily. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> -- <col>With a high hand</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>With power; in force; triumphantly.</cd> "The children of Israel went out <i>with a high hand</i>." <i>Ex. xiv. 8.</i><sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In an overbearing manner, arbitrarily.</cd> "They governed the city <i>with a high hand</i>." <i>Jowett (Thucyd. )</i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Tall; lofty; elevated; noble; exalted; supercilious; proud; violent; full; dear. See <er>Tall</er>.</syn>

<h1>High</h1>
<Xpage=693>

<hw>High</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a high manner; in a high place; to a great altitude; to a great degree; largely; in a superior manner; eminently; powerfully.</def> "And reasoned <i>high</i>." <i>Milton</i>. "I can not reach so <i>high</i>." <i>Shak</i>.

<note>&hand; <i>High<i> is extensively used in the formation of compound words, most of which are of very obvious signification; as, <i>high<i>-aimed, <i>high<i>-arched, <i>high<i>-aspiring, <i>high<i>-bearing, <i>high<i>-boasting, <i>high<i>-browed, <i>high<i>-crested, <i>high<i>-crowned, <i>high<i>-designing, <i>high<i>-engendered, <i>high<i>-feeding, <i>high<i>-flaming, <i>high<i>-flavored, <i>high<i>-gazing, <i>high<i>-heaped, <i>high<i>-heeled, <i>high<i>-priced, <i>high<i>-reared, <i>high<i>-resolved, <i>high<i>-rigged, <i>high<i>-seated, <i>high<i>-shouldered, <i>high<i>-soaring, <i>high<i>-towering, <i>high<i>-voiced, and the like.</note>

<cs><col>High and low</col>, <cd>everywhere; in all supposable places; as, I hunted <i>high and low<i>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>High</h1>
<Xpage=693>

<hw>High</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An elevated place; a superior region; a height; the sky; heaven.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>People of rank or high station; <as>as, <ex>high</ex> and low</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>The highest card dealt or drawn.</def>

<cs><col>High, low, jack, and the game</col>, <cd>a game at cards; -- also called <altname>all fours</altname>, <altname>old sledge</altname>, and <altname>seven up</altname>.</cd> -- <col>In high and low</col>, <cd>utterly; completely; in every respect. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer.</i>  -- <col>On high</col>, <cd>aloft; above.</cd>

<blockquote>The dayspring from <b>on high</b> hath visited us.
<i>Luke i. 78.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>The Most High</col>, <cd>the Supreme Being; God.</cd></cs>

<h1>High</h1>
<Xpage=693>

<hw>High</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To rise; <as>as, the sun <ex>higheth</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Highbinder</h1>
<Xpage=693>

<hw>High"bind`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A ruffian; one who hounds, or spies upon, another; app. esp. to the members of certain alleged societies among the Chinese.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>High-blown</h1>
<Xpage=693>

<hw>High"-blown`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inflated, as with conceit.</def>

<h1>Highborn</h1>
<Xpage=693>

<hw>High"born`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of noble birth.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>High-bred</h1>
<Xpage=693>

<hw>High"-bred`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bred in high life; of pure blood.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>High-built</h1>
<Xpage=693>

<hw>High"-built`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of lofty structure; tall.</def> "<i>High-built</i> organs."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>high-built</b> elephant his castle rears.
<i>Creech.</i></blockquote>

<h1>High-church</h1>
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<hw>High"-church`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to, or favoring, the party called the High Church, or their doctrines or policy. See <cref>High Church</cref>, under <er>High</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>High-churchism</h1>
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<hw>High"-church`ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles of the high-church party.</def>

<h1>High-churchman</h1>
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<hw>High"-church`man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.  <plw>-men</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who holds high-church principles.</def>

<h1>High-churchman-ship</h1>
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<hw>High"-church`man-ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a high-churchman.</def>

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<h1>High-colored</h1>
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<hw>High"-col`ored</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a strong, deep, or glaring color; flushed.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Vivid; strong or forcible in representation; hence, exaggerated; <as>as, <ex>high-colored</ex> description</as>.</def>

<h1>High-embowed </h1>
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<hw>High"-em*bowed `</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having lofty arches.</def> "The <i>high-embowed</i> roof."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Highering</h1>
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<hw>High"er*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rising higher; ascending.</def>

<blockquote>In ever <b>highering</b> eagle circles.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Highfaluting</h1>
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<hw>High`fa*lu"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. a corruption of <ets>highflighting</ets>.]</ety> <def>High-flown, bombastic language.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hifalutin</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Jocular, U. S.]</mark>

<i>Lowell.</i>
<-- also adjective, meaning pretentious -->

<h1>High-fed</h1>
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<hw>High"-fed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pampered; fed luxuriously.</def>

<h1>High-finished</h1>
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<hw>High"-fin`ished</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Finished with great care; polished.</def>

<h1>Highflier</h1>
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<hw>High"fli`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is extravagant in pretensions, opinions, or manners.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>High-flown</h1>
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<hw>High"-flown`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Elevated; proud.</def> "<i>High-flown</i> hopes."

<i>Denham.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Turgid; extravagant; bombastic; inflated; <as>as, <ex>high-flown</ex> language</as>.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>High-flushed</h1>
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<hw>High"-flushed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Elated.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Highflying</h1>
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<hw>High"fly`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Extravagant in opinions or ambition.</def> "<i>Highflying</i>, arbitrary kings."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>High-go</h1>
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<hw>High"-go`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A spree; a revel.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>High-handed</h1>
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<hw>High"-hand`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Overbearing; oppressive; arbitrary; violent; <as>as, a <ex>high-handed</ex> act</as>.</def>

<h1>High-hearted</h1>
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<hw>High"-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of courage or nobleness; high-souled.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>High"-heart`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>High-hoe</h1>
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<hw>High"-hoe`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European green woodpecker or yaffle.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>high-hoo</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>High-holder</h1>
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<hw>High"-hold`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The flicker; -- called also <altname>high-hole</altname>.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Highland</h1>
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<hw>High"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Elevated or mountainous land; (often in the <pluf>pl.</pluf>) an elevated region or country; <as>as, the <ex>Highlands</ex> of Scotland</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Highland fling</col>, <cd>a dance peculiar to the Scottish Highlanders; a sort of hornpipe.</cd></cs>

<h1>Highlander</h1>
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<hw>High"land*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inhabitant of highlands, especially of the <i>Highlands</i> of Scotland.</def>

<h1>Highlandry</h1>
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<hw>High"land*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Highlanders, collectively.</def>

<h1>High-low</h1>
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<hw>High"-low`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A laced boot, ankle high.</def>

<h1>Highly</h1>
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<hw>High"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a high manner, or to a high degree; very much; <as>as, <ex>highly</ex> esteemed</as>.</def>

<h1>Highmen</h1>
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<hw>High"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Loaded dice so contrived as to turn up high numbers.</def> <mark>[Obs]</mark>

<i>Sir J. Harrington.</i>

<h1>High-mettled</h1>
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<hw>High"-met`tled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having abundance of mettle; ardent; full of fire; <as>as, a <ex>high-mettled</ex> steed</as>.</def>

<h1>High-minded</h1>
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<hw>High"-mind"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Proud; arrogant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Be not <b>high-minded</b>, but fear.
<i>Rom. xi. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having, or characterized by, honorable pride; of or pertaining to elevated principles and feelings; magnanimous; -- opposed to <i>mean</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>High-minded</b>, manly recognition of those truths.
<i>A. Norton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>High-mindedness</h1>
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<hw>High"-mind`ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being highminded; nobleness; magnanimity.</def>

<h1>Highmost</h1>
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<hw>High"most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Highest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Highness</h1>
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<hw>High"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>he\'a0hnes</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being high; elevation; loftiness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A title of honor given to kings, princes, or other persons of rank; <as>as, His Royal <ex>Highness</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>High-palmed</h1>
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<hw>High"-palmed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having high antlers; bearing full-grown antlers aloft.</def>

<h1>High-pressure</h1>
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<hw>High"-pres`sure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having or involving a pressure greatly exceeding that of the atmosphere; -- said of steam, air, water, etc., and of steam, air, or hydraulic engines, water wheels, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Urgent; intense; <as>as, a <ex>high-pressure</ex> business or social life</as>.</def>

<cs><col>High-pressure engine</col>, <cd>an engine in which steam at high pressure is used. It may be either a condensing or a noncondensing engine. Formerly the term was used only of the latter. See <er>Steam engine</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>High priest</h1>
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<hw>High" priest`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A chief priest; esp., the head of the Jewish priesthood.</def>

<h1>High-priesthood</h1>
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<hw>High"-priest`hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office, dignity, or position of a high priest.</def>

<h1>High-priestship</h1>
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<hw>High"-priest`ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>High-priesthood.</def>

<h1>High-principled</h1>
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<hw>High"-prin`ci*pled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Possessed of noble or honorable principles.</def>

<h1>High-proof</h1>
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<hw>High"-proof`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Highly rectified; very strongly alcoholic; <as>as, <ex>high-proof</ex> spirits</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>So as to stand any test.</def> "We are <i>high-proof</i> melancholy."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>High-raised</h1>
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<hw>High"-raised`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Elevated; raised aloft; upreared.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Elated with great ideas or hopes.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>High-reaching</h1>
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<hw>High"-reach`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Reaching high or upward; hence, ambitious; aspiring.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>High-red</h1>
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<hw>High"-red`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a strong red color.</def>

<h1>Highroad</h1>
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<hw>High"road`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A highway; a much travele<?/ or main road.</def>

<h1>High-seasoned</h1>
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<hw>High"-sea`soned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Enriched with spice and condiments; hence, exciting; piquant.</def>

<h1>High-sighted</h1>
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<hw>High"-sight`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Looking upward; supercilious.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>High-souled</h1>
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<hw>High"-souled`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a high or noble spirit; honorable.</def>

<i>E. Everett.</i>

<h1>High-sounding</h1>
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<hw>High"-sound`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pompous; noisy; ostentatious; <as>as, <ex>high-sounding</ex> words or titles</as>.</def>

<h1>High-spirited</h1>
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<hw>High"-spir`it*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of spirit or natural fire; haughty; courageous; impetuous; not brooking restraint or opposition.</def>

<h1>High-stepper</h1>
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<hw>High"-step`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A horse that moves with a high step or proud gait; hence, a person having a proud bearing.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>High-stomached</h1>
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<hw>High"-stom`ached</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a lofty spirit; haughty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>High-strung</h1>
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<hw>High"-strung`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Strung to a high pitch; spirited; sensitive; <as>as, a <ex>high-strung</ex> horse</as>.</def>

<h1>High-swelling</h1>
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<hw>High"-swell`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inflated; boastful.</def>

<h1>Hight</h1>
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<hw>Hight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A variant of <er>Height</er>.</def>

<h1>Hight</h1>
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<hw>Hight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Hight</er>, <er>Hot</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Hight</er>, <er>Hote</er> (<?/), <er>Hoten</er> (<?/). See <er>Hote</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>heiten</ets>, <ets>highten</ets>, <ets>haten</ets>, <ets>hoten</ets>; also <ets>hight</ets>, <ets>hatte</ets>, <ets>hette</ets>, is called, was called, AS. <ets>h&amac;tan</ets> to call, name, be called, to command, promise; also <ets>h&amac;tte</ets> is called, was called; akin to G. <ets>heissen</ets> to call, be called, bid, Goth. <ets>haitan</ets> to call, in the passive, to be called.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be called or named.</def> <mark>[Archaic & Poetic.]</mark>

<note>&hand; In the form <i>hight</i>, it is used in a passive sense as a present, meaning <i>is called</i> or <i>named</i>, also as a preterite, <i>was called</i> or <i>named</i>. This form has also been used as a past participle. See <er>Hote</er>.</note>

<blockquote>The great poet of Italy,
That <b>highte</b> Dante.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Bright was her hue, and Geraldine she <b>hight</b>.
<i>Surrey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Entered then into the church the Reverend Teacher.
Father he <b>hight</b>, and he was, in the parish.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Childe Harold was he <b>hight</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To command; to direct; to impel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>But the sad steel seized not where it was <b>hight</b>
Upon the child, but somewhat short did fall.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To commit; to intrust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Yet charge of them was to a porter <b>hight</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To promise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He had hold his day, as he had <b>hight</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hightener</h1>
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<hw>Hight"en*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which heightens.</def>

<h1>Highth</h1>
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<hw>Highth</hw> <tt>(h&imac;th or h&imac;tth)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def><it>Variant</it> of <er>Height</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>High-toned</h1>
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<hw>High"-toned`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>High in tone or sound.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Elevated; high-principled; honorable.</def>

<blockquote>In whose <b>high-toned</b> impartial mind
Degrees of mortal rank and state
Seem objects of indifferent weight.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<-- 3. pretentious, pompous. -->

<h1>High-top</h1>
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<hw>High"-top`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A ship's masthead.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Highty-tighty</h1>
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<hw>High"ty-tigh"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hoity-toity.</def>

<h1>Highway</h1>
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<hw>High"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A road or way open to the use of the public; a main road or thoroughfare.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Way; road; path; course.</syn>

<h1>Highwayman</h1>
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<hw>High"way`man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Highwaymen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who robs on the public road; a highway robber.</def>

<h1>High-wrought</h1>
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<hw>High"-wrought`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wrought with fine art or skill; elaborate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Worked up, or swollen, to a high degree; <as>as, a <ex>highwrought</ex> passion</as>.</def> "A <i>high-wrought</i> flood."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Higre</h1>
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<hw>Hi"gre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Eagre</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Hig-taper</h1>
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<hw>Hig"-ta`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hag-taper</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Verbascum</spn> (<spn>V. Thapsus</spn>); the common mullein. [Also <altname>high-taper</altname> and <altname>hag-taper</altname>.]</def>

<mhw><h1>Hijera, Hijra</h1>
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<hw>Hij"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hij"ra</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hegira</er>.</def>

<h1>Hilal</h1>
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<hw>Hi"lal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a hilum.</def>

<h1>Hilar</h1>
<Xpage=693>

<hw>Hi"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the hilum.</def>

<h1>Hilarious</h1>
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<hw>Hi*la"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hilaris</ets>, <ets>hilarus</ets>, Gr. <?/; cf. <?/ gracious, kindly.]</ety> <def>Mirthful; noisy; merry.</def>

<h1>Hilarity</h1>
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<hw>Hi*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hilaritas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hilarit\'82</ets>. See <er>Hilarious</er>.]</ety> <def>Boisterous mirth; merriment; jollity.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Hilarity</i> differs from <i>joy</i>: the latter, excited by good news or prosperity, is an affection of the mind; the former, produced by social pleasure, drinking, etc., which rouse the animal spirits, is more demonstrative.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Glee; cheerfulness; mirth; merriment; gayety; joyousness; exhilaration; joviality; jollity.</syn>

<h1>Hilary term</h1>
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<hw>Hil"a*ry term`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Formerly, one of the four terms of the courts of common law in England, beginning on the eleventh of January and ending on the thirty-first of the same month, in each year; -- so called from the festival of St. Hilary, January 13th.</def>

<note>&hand; The Hilary term is superseded by the Hilary sittings, which commence on the eleventh of January and end on the Wednesday before Easter.</note>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Hilding</h1>
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<hw>Hil"ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. a corruption of <ets>hindling</ets>, dim. of <ets>hind</ets>, adj. Cf. Prov. E. <ets>hilderling</ets>, <ets>hinderling</ets>. See <er>Hinderling</er>.]</ety> <def>A base, menial wretch.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt>  <def>Base; spiritless.</def></def2> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hile</h1>
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<hw>Hile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To hide. See <er>Hele</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hile</h1>
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<hw>Hile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hilum</er>.</def>

<h1>Hill</h1>
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<hw>Hill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hil</ets>, <ets>hul</ets>, AS. <ets>hyll</ets>; akin to OD. <ets>hille</ets>, <ets>hil</ets>, L. <ets>collis</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>haulm</ets>, <ets>holm</ets>, and <ets>column</ets>. Cf. 2d <er>Holm</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A natural elevation of land, or a mass of earth rising above the common level of the surrounding land; an eminence less than a mountain.</def>

<blockquote>Every mountain and <b>hill</b> shall be made low.
<i>Is. xl. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The earth raised about the roots of a plant or cluster of plants. <mark>[U. S.]</mark> See <er>Hill</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A single cluster or group of plants growing close together, and having the earth heaped up about them; <as>as, a <ex>hill</ex> of corn or potatoes</as>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Hill ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common ant (<spn>Formica rufa</spn>), of Europe and America, which makes mounds or ant-hills over its nests.</cd> -- <col>Hill myna</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of birds of India, of the genus <spn>Gracula</spn>, and allied to the starlings. They are easily taught to speak many words. <altsp>[Written also <asp>hill mynah</asp>.]</altsp> See <er>Myna</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hill partridge</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a partridge of the genus <spn>Aborophila</spn>, of which numerous species in habit Southern Asia and the East Indies.</cd> -- <col>Hill tit</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of numerous species of small Asiatic singing birds of the family <spn>Leiotrichid\'91</spn>. Many are beautifully colored.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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Page 694<p>

<h1>Hill</h1>
<Xpage=694>

<hw>Hill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hilled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hilling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To surround with earth; to heap or draw earth around or upon; <as>as, to <ex>hill</ex> corn</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Showing them how to plant and <b>hill</b> it.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hilliness</h1>
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<hw>Hill"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being hilly.</def>

<h1>Hilling</h1>
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<hw>Hill"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of heaping or drawing earth around plants.</def>

<h1>Hillock</h1>
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<hw>Hill"ock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small hill.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hillside</h1>
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<hw>Hill"side`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The side or declivity of a hill.</def>

<h1>Hilltop</h1>
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<hw>Hill"top`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The top of a hill.</def>

<h1>Hilly</h1>
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<hw>Hill"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abounding with hills; uneven in surface; <as>as, a <ex>hilly</ex> country</as>.</def> "<i>Hilly</i> steep."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lofty; <as>as, <ex>hilly</ex> empire</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Hilt</h1>
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<hw>Hilt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hilt</ets>, <ets>hilte</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>helza</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>hilze</ets>, Icel. <ets>hjalt</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A handle; especially, the handle of a sword, dagger, or the like.</def>

<h1>Hilted</h1>
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<hw>Hilt"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a hilt; -- used in composition; <as>as, basket-<ex>hilted</ex>, cross-<ex>hilted</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Hilum</h1>
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<hw>Hi"lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a little thing, trifle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The eye of a bean or other seed; the mark or scar at the point of attachment of an ovule or seed to its base or support; -- called also <altname>hile</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The part of a gland, or similar organ, where the blood vessels and nerves enter; the hilus; <as>as, the <ex>hilum</ex> of the kidney</as>.</def>

<h1>Hilus</h1>
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<hw>Hi"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hilum</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Him</h1>
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<hw>Him</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <def>Them. See <er>Hem</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Him</h1>
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<hw>Him</hw>, <tt>pron.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>him</ets>, dat. of <ets>h&emac;</ets>. &root;183.  See <er>He</er>.]</ety> <def>The objective case of <i>he</i>. See <er>He</er>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Him</b> that is weak in the faith receive.
<i>Rom. xiv. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Friends who have given <b>him</b> the most sympathy.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In old English <i>his</i> and <i>him</i> were respectively the genitive and dative forms of <i>it</i> as well as of <i>he</i>. <i>This use is now obsolete</i>. <i>Poetically</i>, <i>him</i> is sometimes used with the reflexive sense of <i>himself</i>.</note>

<blockquote>I never saw but Humphrey, duke of Gloster,
Did bear <b>him</b> like a noble gentleman.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Himalayan</h1>
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<hw>Hi*ma"la*yan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>him\'belaya</ets>, prop., the abode of snow.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Himalayas, the great mountain chain in Hindostan.</def>

<h1>Himpne</h1>
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<hw>Himp"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hymn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Himself</h1>
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<hw>Him*self"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An emphasized form of the third person masculine pronoun; -- used as a subject usually with <i>he</i>; <as>as, he <ex>himself</ex> will bear the blame</as>; used alone in the predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; <as>as, it is <ex>himself</ex> who saved <ex>himself</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>But he <b>himself</b> returned from the quarries.
<i>Judges iii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>David hid <b>himself</b> in the field.
<i>1 Sam. xx. 24.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Lord <b>himself</b> shall give you a sign.
<i>Is. vii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who gave <b>himself</b> for us, that he might . . . purify unto <b>himself</b> a peculiar people.
<i>Titus ii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With shame remembers, while <b>himself</b> was one
Of the same herd, <b>himself</b> the same had done.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Himself</i> was formerly used instead of <i>itself</i>. See Note under <er>Him</er>.</note>

<blockquote>It comprehendeth in <b>himself</b> all good.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One's true or real character; one's natural temper and disposition; the state of being in one's right or sane mind (after unconsciousness, passion, delirium, or abasement); <as>as, the man has come to <ex>himself</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>By himself</col>, <cd>alone; unaccompanied; apart; sequestered; as, he sits or studies <i>by himself<i>.</cd> -- <col>To leave one to himself</col>, <cd>to withdraw from him; to let him take his own course.</cd></cs>

<mhw><h1>Himself, Himselve </</mhw>, Himselven</h1>
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<hw>Him*self"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Him*selve"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <hw>Him*selv"en</hw> (<?/), <tt>pron. pl.</tt> <def>Themselves. See <er>Hemself</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Himselve</h1>
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<hw>Him*selve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <def>See 1st <er>Himself</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Himyaric, Himyaritic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Him*yar"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Him`ya*rit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Himyar, an ancient king of Yemen, in Arabia, or to his successors or people; <as>as, the <ex>Himjaritic</ex> characters, language, etc</as>.; applied esp. to certain ancient inscriptions showing the primitive type of the oldest form of the Arabic, still spoken in Southern Arabia.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Hin</h1>
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<hw>Hin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>h\'c6n</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Hebrew measure of liquids, containing three quarts, one pint, one gill, English measure.</def>

<i>W. H. Ward.</i>

<h1>Hind</h1>
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<hw>Hind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hind</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hinde</ets>, OHG. <ets>hinta</ets>, G. <ets>hinde</ets>, <ets>hindin</ets>, Icel., Sw., & Dan. <ets>hind</ets>, and perh. to Goth. <ets>hinpan</ets> to seize (in comp.), E. <ets>hunt</ets>, or cf. Gr. <?/ a young deer.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The female of the red deer, of which the male is the stag.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spotted food fish of the genus <spn>Epinephelus</spn>, as <spn>E. apua</spn> of Bermuda, and <spn>E. Drummond-hayi</spn> of Florida; -- called also <altname>coney</altname>, <altname>John Paw</altname>, <altname>spotted hind</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hind</h1>
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<hw>Hind</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hine</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'c6ne</ets>, <ets>h\'c6na</ets>, orig. gen. pl. of <ets>h\'c6wan</ets> domestics; akin to Icel. <ets>hj&umac;</ets> man and wife, domestics, family, Goth. <ets>heiwa</ets>frauja master of the house, G. <ets>hei</ets>rath marriage; cf. L. <ets>civis</ets> citizen, E. <ets>city</ets> or E. <ets>home</ets>. Cf. <er>Hide</er> a measure of land.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A domestic; a servant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A peasant; a rustic; a farm servant.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>hind</b>, that homeward driving the slow steer
Tells how man's daily work goes forward here.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hind</h1>
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<hw>Hind</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Hinder</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Hindmost</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, or <er>Hindermost</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hind</ets>, adv., back, AS. <ets>hindan</ets> behind. See <er>Hinder</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>In the rear; -- opposed to <i>front</i>; of or pertaining to the part or end which follows or is behind, in opposition to the part which leads or is before; <as>as, the <ex>hind</ex> legs or <ex>hind</ex> feet of a quadruped; the <ex>hind</ex> man in a procession.</as></def>

<h1>Hindberry</h1>
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<hw>Hind"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hindberie</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>hintberi</ets>, G. <ets>himbeere</ets>. So called because hinds or stags are fond of them. See 1st <er>Hind</er>, and <er>Berry</er>.]</ety> <def>The raspberry.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Hindbrain</h1>
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<hw>Hind"brain`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hind</ets>, adj. + <ets>brain</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The posterior of the three principal divisions of the brain, including the epencephalon and metencephalon. Sometimes restricted to the <i>epencephalon</i> only.</def>

<h1>Hinder</h1>
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<hw>Hind"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hindere</ets>, AS. hinder, adv., behind; akin to OHG. <ets>hintar</ets>, prep., behind, G. <ets>hinter</ets>, Goth. <ets>hindar</ets>; orig. a comparative, and akin to AS. <ets>hine</ets> hence. See <er>Hence</er>, <er>He</er>, and cf. <er>Hind</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Hindmost</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or belonging to that part or end which is in the rear, or which follows; <as>as, the <ex>hinder</ex> part of a wagon; the <ex>hinder</ex> parts of a horse.</as></def>

<blockquote>He was in the <b>hinder</b> part of the ship.
<i>Mark iv. 38.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hinder</h1>
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<hw>Hin"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hindered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hindering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hindren</ets>, <ets>hinderen</ets>, AS. <ets>hindrian</ets>, fr. <ets>hinder</ets> behind; akin to D. <ets>hinderen</ets>, G. <ets>hindern</ets>, OHG. <ets>hintar<?/n</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>hindra</ets>, Dan. <ets>hindre</ets>. See <er>Hinder</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To keep back or behind; to prevent from starting or moving forward; to check; to retard; to obstruct; to bring to a full stop; -- often followed by <i>from</i>; <as>as, an accident <ex>hindered</ex> the coach; drought <ex>hinders</ex> the growth of plants; to <ex>hinder</ex> me from going.</as></def>

<blockquote>Them that were entering in ye <b>hindered</b>.
<i>Luke xi. 52.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>hinder</b> you too long.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prevent or embarrass; to debar; to shut out.</def>

<blockquote>What <b>hinders</b> younger brothers, being fathers of families, from having the same right?
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To check; retard; impede; delay; block; clog; prevent; stop; interrupt; counteract; thwart; oppose; obstruct; debar; embarrass.</syn>

<h1>Hinder</h1>
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<hw>Hin"der</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To interpose obstacles or impediments; to be a hindrance.</def>

<blockquote>This objection <b>hinders</b> not but that the heroic action of some commander . . . may be written.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hinderance</h1>
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<hw>Hin"der*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hindrance</er>.</def>

<h1>Hinderer</h1>
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<hw>Hin"der*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, hinders.</def>

<h1>Hinderest</h1>
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<hw>Hind"er*est</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hindermost; -- <tt>superl.</tt> of <er>Hind</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hinderling</h1>
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<hw>Hind"er*ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hinderling</ets> one who comes behind his ancestors, fr. AS. <ets>hinder</ets> behind. See <er>Hinder</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Hilding</er>.]</ety> <def>A worthless, base, degenerate person or animal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Callander.</i>

<h1>Hindermost, Hindmost</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hind"er*most`</hw>, <hw>Hind"most`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[The superlative of <ets>hind</ets>. See <er>Hind</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>hindema</ets> (akin to Goth. <ets>hindumists</ets>), a superlative from the same source as the comparative <ets>hinder</ets>. See <er>Hinder</er>, a., and cf. <er>Aftermost</er>.]</ety> <def>Furthest in or toward the rear; last.</def> "Rachel and Joseph <i>hindermost</i>."

<i>Gen. xxxiii. 2.</i>

<h1>Hindgut</h1>
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<hw>Hind"gut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hind</ets>, a. + <ets>gut</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and sometimes the large intestine also.</def>

<h1>Hindi</h1>
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<hw>Hin"di</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prop. a Per. adj. meaning, Indian, Hindoo.]</ety> <def>The name given by Europeans to that form of the Hindustani language which is chiefly spoken by native Hindoos. In employs the Devanagari character, in which Sanskrit is written.</def>

<i>Whitworth.</i>

<h1>Hindleys screw</h1>
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<hw>Hind"ley"s screw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A screw cut on a solid whose sides are arcs of the periphery of a wheel into the teeth of which the screw is intended to work. It is named from the person who first used the form.</def>

<h1>Hindoo, Hindu</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hin"doo</hw>, <hw>Hin"du</hw><hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hindoos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> &or; <plw>Hindus</plw></plu>. <ety>[Per. <ets>Hind\'d4</ets>, fr. <ets>Hind</ets>, <ets>Hind\'d4st\'ben</ets>, India. Cf. <er>Indian</er>.]</ety> <def>A native inhabitant of Hindostan. As an ethnical term it is confined to the Dravidian and Aryan races; as a religious name it is restricted to followers of the Veda.</def>

<h1>Hindooism, Hinduism</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hin"doo*ism</hw>, <hw>Hin"du*ism</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The religious doctrines and rites of the Hindoos; Brahmanism.</def>

<h1>Hindoostanee, Hindustani</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hin"doo*sta"nee</hw>, <hw>Hin"du*sta"ni</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>Hind\'d4st\'ben\'c6</ets> an Indian, fr. Hind. and Per. <ets>Hind\'d4st\'ben</ets> India.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Hindoos or their language.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The language of Hindostan; the name given by Europeans to the most generally spoken of the modern Aryan languages of India. It is Hindi with the addition of Persian and Arabic words.</def></def2>

<h1>Hindrance</h1>
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<hw>Hin"drance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hinder</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of hindering, or the state of being hindered.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which hinders; an impediment.</def>

<blockquote>What various <b>hindrances</b> we meet.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Something between a <b>hindrance</b> and a help.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Impediment; obstruction; obstacle; difficulty; interruption; check; delay; restraint.</syn>

<h1>Hindu</h1>
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<hw>Hin"du</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hindoo</er>.</def>

<h1>Hine</h1>
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<hw>Hine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hind</er> a servant.]</ety> <def>A servant; a farm laborer; a peasant; a hind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Bailiff, herd, nor other <b>hine</b>.

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hinge</h1>
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<hw>Hinge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>henge</ets>, <ets>heeng</ets>; akin to D. <ets>heng</ets>, LG. <ets>henge</ets>, Prov. E. <ets>hingle</ets> a small hinge; connected with <ets>hang</ets>, v., and Icel. <ets>hengja</ets> to hang. See <er>Hang</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The hook with its eye, or the joint, on which a door, gate, lid, etc., turns or swings; a flexible piece, as a strip of leather, which serves as a joint to turn on.</def>

<blockquote>The gate self-opened wide,
On golden <b>hinges</b> turning.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That on which anything turns or depends; a governing principle; a cardinal point or rule; <as>as, this argument was the <ex>hinge</ex> on which the question turned</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of the four cardinal points, east, west, north, or south.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>When the moon is in the <b>hinge</b> at East.
<i>Creech.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor slept the winds . . . but rushed abroad.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Hinge joint</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Ginglymus</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <cd>Any joint resembling a hinge, by which two pieces are connected so as to permit relative turning in one plane.</cd> -- <col>To be off the hinges</col>, <cd>to be in a state of disorder or irregularity; to have lost proper adjustment.</cd></cs>

<i>Tillotson.</i>

<h1>Hinge</h1>
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<hw>Hinge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hinged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hinging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To attach by, or furnish with, hinges.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hinge</h1>
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<hw>Hinge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To stand, depend, hang, or turn, as on a hinge; to depend chiefly for a result or decision or for force and validity; -- usually with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>; <as>as, the argument <ex>hinges</ex> on this point</as>.</def>

<i>I. Taylor</i>

<h1>Hinged</h1>
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<hw>Hinged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with hinges.</def>

<h1>Hingeless</h1>
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<hw>Hinge"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a hinge or joint.</def>

<h1>Hink</h1>
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<hw>Hink</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A reaping hook.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Hinniate, Hinny</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hin"ni*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hin"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hinnire</ets>.]</ety> <def>To neigh; to whinny.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hinny</h1>
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<hw>Hin"ny</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hinnies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>hinnus</ets>, cf. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A hybrid between a stallion and an ass.</def>

<h1>Hinny</h1>
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<hw>Hin"ny</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A term of endearment; darling; -- corrupted from <i>honey</i>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Hint</h1>
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<hw>Hint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hinted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hinting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>henten</ets>, <ets>hinten</ets>, to seize, to catch, AS. <ets>hentan</ets> to pursue, take, seize; or Icel. <ets>ymta</ets> to mutter, <ets>ymtr</ets> a muttering, Dan. <ets>ymte</ets> to whisper. &root;36. Cf. <er>Hent</er>.]</ety> <def>To bring to mind by a slight mention or remote allusion; to suggest in an indirect manner; <as>as, to <ex>hint</ex> a suspicion</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Just <b>hint</b> a fault and hesitate dislike.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To suggest; intimate; insinuate; imply.</syn>

<h1>Hint</h1>
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<hw>Hint</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make an indirect reference, suggestion, or allusion; to allude vaguely to something.</def>

<blockquote>We whisper, and <b>hint</b>, and chuckle.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To hint at</col>, <cd>to allude to lightly, indirectly, or cautiously.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To allude; refer; glance; touch.</syn>

<h1>Hint</h1>
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<hw>Hint</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A remote allusion; slight mention; intimation; insinuation; a suggestion or reminder, without a full declaration or explanation; also, an occasion or motive.</def>

<blockquote>Our <b>hint</b> of woe
Is common.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The hint malevolent, the look oblique.
<i>Hannah M<?/<?/e.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Suggestion; allusion. See <er>Suggestion</er>.</syn>

<h1>Hintingly</h1>
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<hw>Hint"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a hinting manner.</def>

<h1>Hip</h1>
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<hw>Hip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hipe</ets>, <ets>huppe</ets>, AS. <ets>hype</ets>; akin to D. <ets>heup</ets>, OHG. <ets>huf</ets>, G. <ets>h\'81fte</ets>, Dan. <ets>hofte</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'94ft</ets>, Goth. <ets>hups</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>huppr</ets>, and also Gr. <?/ the hollow above the hips of cattle, and Lith. <ets>kumpis</ets> ham.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The projecting region of the lateral parts of one side of the pelvis and the hip joint; the haunch; the huckle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The external angle formed by the meeting of two sloping sides or skirts of a roof, which have their wall plates running in different directions.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Engin)</fld> <def>In a bridge truss, the place where an inclined end post meets the top chord.</def>

<i>Waddell.</i>

<cs><col>Hip bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the innominate bone; -- called also <altname>haunch bone</altname> and <altname>huckle bone</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Hip girdle</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the pelvic girdle.</cd> -- <col>Hip joint</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the articulation between the thigh bone and hip bone.</cd> -- <col>Hip knob</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a finial, ball, or other ornament at the intersection of the hip rafters and the ridge.</cd> -- <col>Hip molding</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a molding on the hip of a roof, covering the hip joint of the slating or other roofing.</cd> -- <col>Hip rafter</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the rafter extending from the wall plate to the ridge in the angle of a hip roof.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Hip roof</col>, <col>Hipped roof</col></mcol> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a roof having sloping ends and sloping sides. See <er>Hip</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2., and <er>Hip</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Hip tile</col>, <cd>a tile made to cover the hip of a roof.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To catch upon the hip</col>, &or; <col>To have on the hip</col></mcol>, <cd>to have or get the advantage of; -- a figure probably derived from wresting. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To smite hip and thigh</col>, <cd>to overthrow completely; to defeat utterly. <i>Judg. xv. 8</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hip</h1>
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<hw>Hip</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hipped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hipping</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dislocate or sprain the hip of, to fracture or injure the hip bone of (a quadruped) in such a manner as to produce a permanent depression of that side.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To throw (one's adversary) over one's hip in wrestling (technically called <i>cross buttock</i>).</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make with a hip or hips, as a roof.</def>

<cs><col>Hipped roof</col>. <cd>See <cref>Hip roof</cref>, under <er>Hip</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hip</h1>
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<hw>Hip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hepe</ets>, AS. <ets>he\'a2pe</ets>; cf. OHG. <ets>hiufo</ets> a bramble bush.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit of a rosebush, especially of the English dog-rose (<spn>Rosa canina</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hop</asp>, <asp>hep</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Hip tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the dog-rose.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hip</h1>
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<hw>Hip</hw>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>Used to excite attention or as a signal; as, <i>hip</i>, <i>hip</i>, hurra!</def>

<mhw><h1>Hip, <it>or</it> Hipps</h1>
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<hw>Hip</hw>, <it>or</it> <hw>Hipps</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hyp</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Hiphalt</h1>
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<hw>Hip"halt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lame in the hip.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Hippa, Hippe</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hip"pa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hip"pe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine decapod crustaceans, which burrow rapidly in the sand by pushing themselves backward; -- called also <altname>bait bug</altname>. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Anomura</er>.</def>

<h1>Hipparion</h1>
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<hw>Hip*pa"ri*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a pony, dim. of <?/ a horse.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of Tertiary mammals allied to the horse, but three-toed, having on each foot a small lateral hoof on each side of the main central one. It is believed to be one of the ancestral genera of the Horse family.</def>

<h1>Hipped, Hippish</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hipped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hip"pish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 5th <er>Hip</er>.]</ety> <def>Somewhat hypochondriac; melancholy. See <er>Hyppish</er>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>When we are <b>hipped</b> or in high spirits.
<i>R. L. Stevenson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hippobosca</h1>
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<hw>Hip`po*bos"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ horse + <?/ to feed.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of dipterous insects including the horsefly or horse tick.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hip`po*bos"can</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hippocamp</h1>
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<hw>Hip"po*camp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hippocampus</er>.</def>

<h1>Hippocampal</h1>
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<hw>Hip`po*cam"pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the hippocampus.</def>

<h1>Hippocampus</h1>
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<hw>Hip`po*cam"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the sea horse, Gr. <?/ a hippocampus (in senses 1 and 2); <grk>"i`ppos</grk> horse + <?/ to bend.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A fabulous monster, with the head and fore quarters of a horse joined to the tail of a dolphin or other fish (<spn>Hippocampus brevirostris</spn>), -- seen in Pompeian paintings, attached to the chariot of Neptune.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<hr>
<page="695">
Page 695<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of lophobranch fishes of several species in which the head and neck have some resemblance to those of a horse; -- called also <altname>sea horse</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; They swim slowly, in an erect position, and often cling to seaweeds by means of the incurved prehensile tail. The male has a ventral pouch, in which it carries the eggs till hatched.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name applied to either of two ridges of white matter in each lateral ventricle of the brain. The larger is called <i>hippocampus major</i> or simply <i>hippocampus</i>. The smaller, <i>hippocampus minor</i>, is called also <altname>ergot</altname> and <altname>calcar</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hippocentaur</h1>
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<hw>Hip`po*cen"taur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hippocentaurus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ horse + <?/ centaur.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Centaur</er>.</def>

<h1>Hippocras</h1>
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<hw>Hip"po*cras</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hippocras</ets>, <ets>hypocras</ets>, NL. vinum <ets>hippocraticum</ets>, lit., wine of Hippocrates.]</ety> <def>A cordial made of spiced wine, etc.</def>

<h1>Hippocrates</h1>
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<hw>Hip*poc"ra*tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A famous Greek physician and medical writer, born in Cos, about 460 <sc>B. C.</sc></def>

<cs><col>Hippocrates' sleeve</col>, <cd>a conical strainer, made by stitching together two adjacent sides of a square piece of cloth, esp. flannel of linen.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hippocratic</h1>
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<hw>Hip"po*crat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Hippocrates, or to his teachings.</def>

<cs><col>Hippocratic face</col> <ety>[L. <ets>facies Hippocratica<ets>]</ety>, <cd>the change produced in the countenance by death, or long sickness, excessive evacuations, excessive hunger, and the like. The nose is pinched, the eyes are sunk, the temples hollow, the ears cold and retracted, the skin of the forehead tense and dry, the complexion livid, the lips pendent, relaxed, and cold; -- so called, as having been described by Hippocrates. <i>Dunglison</i>.</cd> -- <col>Hippocratic oath</col>, <cd>an oath said to have been dictated by Hippocrates to his disciples. Such an oath is still administered to candidates for graduation in medicine.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hippocratism</h1>
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<hw>Hip*poc"ra*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The medical philosophy or system of Hippocrates.</def>

<h1>Hippocrene</h1>
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<hw>Hip"po*crene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ horse + <?/ a fountain.]</ety> <def>A fountain on Mount Helicon in B\'d2otia, fabled to have burst forth when the ground was struck by the hoof of Pegasus. Also, its waters, which were supposed to impart poetic inspiration.</def>

<i>Keats.</i>

<blockquote>Nor maddening draughts of <b>Hippocrene</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hippocrepian</h1>
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<hw>Hip"po*crep"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hippocrepiform</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of an order of fresh-water Bryozoa, in which the tentacles are on a lophophore, shaped like a horseshoe. See <er>Phylactol\'91ma</er>.</def>

<h1>Hippocrepiform</h1>
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<hw>Hip`po*crep`i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ horse + <?/ shoe + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a horseshoe.</def>

<h1>Hippodame</h1>
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<hw>Hip"po*dame</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hippopotame</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fabulous sea monster.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Hippodrome</h1>
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<hw>Hip"po*drome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hippodromos</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ horse + <?/ course, fr. <?/ to run: cf. F. <ets>hippodrome</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A place set apart for equestrian and chariot races.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An arena for equestrian performances; a circus.</def>

<h1>Hippogriff</h1>
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<hw>Hip"po*griff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hippogriffe</ets>; cf. It. <ets>ippogrifo</ets>. See <er>Hippopotamus</er>, <er>Griffon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A fabulous winged animal, half horse and half griffin.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Hippolith</h1>
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<hw>Hip"po*lith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ horse + <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <def>A concretion, or kind of bezoar, from the intestines of the horse.</def>

<h1>Hippopathology</h1>
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<hw>Hip`po*pa*thol`o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ horse + E. <ets>pathology</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hippopathologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of veterinary medicine; the pathology of the horse.</def>

<h1>Hippophagi</h1>
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<hw>Hip*poph"a*gi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hippophagous</er>.]</ety> <def>Eaters of horseflesh.</def>

<h1>Hippophagism</h1>
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<hw>Hip*poph"a*gism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>Hippophagy.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Hippophagist</h1>
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<hw>Hip*poph"a*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who eats horseflesh.</def>

<h1>Hippophagous</h1>
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<hw>Hip*poph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ horse + <?/ to eat: cf. F. <ets>hippophage</ets>.]</ety> <def>Feeding on horseflesh; -- said of certain nomadic tribes, as the Tartars.</def>

<h1>Hippophagy</h1>
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<hw>Hip*poph"a*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hippophagie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of feeding on horseflesh.</def>

<h1>Hippophile</h1>
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<hw>Hip"po*phile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ horse + <?/ to love.]</ety> <def>One who loves horses.</def>

<i>Holmes.</i>

<h1>Hippopotamus</h1>
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<hw>Hip`po*pot"a*mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Hippopotamuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Hippopotami</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., from Gr.<?/; <?/ horse + <?/ river. Cf. <er>Equine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, amphibious, herbivorous mammal (<spn>Hippopotamus amphibius</spn>), common in the rivers of Africa. It is allied to the hogs, and has a very thick, naked skin, a thick and square head, a very large muzzle, small eyes and ears, thick and heavy body, and short legs. It is supposed to be the behemoth of the Bible. Called also <altname>zeekoe</altname>, and <altname>river horse</altname>. A smaller species (<spn>H. Liberiencis</spn>) inhabits Western Africa.</def><-- pigmy hippopotamus? -->

<h1>Hippotomy</h1>
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<hw>Hip*pot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ horse + <?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>hippotomie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anatomy of the horse.</def>

<h1>Hippuric</h1>
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<hw>Hip*pu"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ horse + <?/ <?/rine: cf. F. <ets>hippurique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Obtained from the urine of horses; <as>as, <ex>hippuric</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Hippuric acid</col>, <cd>a white crystalline substance, containing nitrogen, present in the urine of herbivorous animals, and in small quantity in human urine. By the action of acids, it is decomposed into benzoic acid and glycocoll.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hippurite</h1>
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<hw>Hip"pu*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ decked with a horse's tail; <?/ horse + <?/ tail: cf. F. <ets>hippurite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil bivalve mollusk of the genus <spn>Hippurites</spn>, of many species, having a conical, cup-shaped under valve, with a flattish upper valve or lid. Hippurites are found only in the Cretaceous rocks.</def>

<h1>Hip-roofed</h1>
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<hw>Hip"-roofed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a hip roof.</def>

<h1>Hipshot</h1>
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<hw>Hip"shot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hip</ets> + <ets>shot</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the hip dislocated; hence, having one hip lower than the other.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Hip tree</h1>
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<hw>Hip" tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The dog-rose.</def>

<h1>Hir</h1>
<Xpage=695>

<hw>Hir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Here</er>, <tt>pron.</tt></def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hircic</h1>
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<hw>Hir"cic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>hircique</ets>. See <er>Hircin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, mutton suet; -- applied by Chevreul to an oily acid which was obtained from mutton suet, and to which he attributed the peculiar taste and smell of that substance. The substance has also been called <altname>hircin</altname>.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Hircin</h1>
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<hw>Hir"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hircus</ets>, he-goat, buck: cf. F. <ets>hircine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Hircic acid. See <er>Hircic</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Hircine, Hircinous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hir"cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hir"ci*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hircinus</ets>, fr. <ets>hircus</ets> hegoat: cf. F. <ets>hircin</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Goatlike; of or pertaining to a goat or the goats.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of a strong goatish smell.</def>

<h1>Hire</h1>
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<hw>Hire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Here</er>, <tt>pron.</tt></def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hire</h1>
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<hw>Hire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hire</ets>, <ets>hure</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/r</ets>; akin to D.<ets>huur</ets>, G. <ets>heuer</ets>, Dan. <ets>hyre</ets>, Sw. <ets>hyra</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The price; reward, or compensation paid, or contracted to be paid, for the temporary use of a thing or a place, for personal service, or for labor; wages; rent; pay.</def>

<blockquote>The laborer is worthy of his <b>hire</b>.
<i>Luke x. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law.)</fld> <def>A bailment by which the use of a thing, or the services and labor of a person, are contracted for at a certain price or reward.</def>

<i>Story.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Wages; salary; stipend; allowance; pay.</syn>

<h1>Hire</h1>
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<hw>Hire</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hired</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hiring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hiren</ets>, <ets>huren</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/rian</ets>; akin to D. <ets>huren</ets>, G. <ets>heuern</ets>, Dan. <ets>hyre</ets>, Sw. <ets>hyra</ets>. See <er>Hire</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To procure (any chattel or estate) from another person, for temporary use, for a compensation or equivalent; to purchase the use or enjoyment of for a limited time; <as>as, to <ex>hire</ex> a farm for a year; to <ex>hire</ex> money.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To engage or purchase the service, labor, or interest of (any one) for a specific purpose, by payment of wages; <as>as, to <ex>hire</ex> a servant, an agent, or an advocate</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To grant the temporary use of, for compensation; to engage to give the service of, for a price; to let; to lease; -- now usually with <i>out</i>, and often reflexively; <as>as, he has <ex>hired</ex> out his horse, or his time</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They . . . have <b>hired</b> out themselves for bread.
<i>1 Sam. ii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hireless</h1>
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<hw>Hire"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without hire.</def>

<i>Davenant.</i>

<h1>Hireling</h1>
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<hw>Hire"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/reling</ets>. See <er>Hire</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and <er>-ling</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is hired, or who serves for wages; esp., one whose motive and interest in serving another are wholly gainful; a mercenary.</def> "Lewd <i>hirelings</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Hireling</h1>
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<hw>Hire"ling</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving for hire or wages; venal; mercenary.</def> "<i>Hireling</i> mourners."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Hirer</h1>
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<hw>Hir"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hires.</def>

<mhw><h1>Hires, Hirs</h1>
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<hw>Hires</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hirs</hw></mhw>, <tt>pron.</tt> <def>Hers; theirs. See <er>Here</er>, <tt>pron.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hirsute</h1>
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<hw>Hir*sute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hirsutus</ets>; prob. akin to <ets>horridus</ets> horrid. Cf. <er>Horrid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rough with hair; set with bristles; shaggy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rough and coarse; boorish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Cynical and <b>hirsute</b> in his behavior.
<i>Life of A. Wood.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pubescent with coarse or stiff hairs.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Covered with hairlike feathers, as the feet of certain birds.</def>

<h1>Hirsuteness</h1>
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<hw>Hir*sute"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hairiness.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Hirtellous</h1>
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<hw>Hir*tel"lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Dim., fr. L. <ets>hirtus</ets> hairy.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pubescent with minute and somewhat rigid hairs.</def>

<h1>Hirudine</h1>
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<hw>Hi*ru"dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the leeches.</def>

<h1>Hirudinea</h1>
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<hw>Hir`u*din"e*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>hirudo</ets>, <ets>hirudinis</ets>, a leech.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Annelida, including the leeches; -- called also <altname>Hirudinei</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hirudo</h1>
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<hw>Hi*ru"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a leech.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of leeches, including the common medicinal leech. See <er>Leech</er>.</def>

<h1>Hirundine</h1>
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<hw>Hi*run"dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the swallows.</def>

<h1>Hirundo</h1>
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<hw>Hi*run"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., swallow.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of birds including the swallows and martins.</def>

<h1>His</h1>
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<hw>His</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>his</ets> of him, his, gen. masc. & neut. of <ets>h<?/</ets>, neut. <ets>hit</ets>. See <er>He</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging or pertaining to <i>him</i>; -- used as a pronominal adjective or adjective pronoun; <as>as, tell John <ex>his</ex> papers are ready</as>; formerly used also for <it>its</it>, but this use is now obsolete.</def>

<blockquote>No comfortable star did lend <b>his</b> light.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who can impress the forest, bid the tree
Unfix <b>his</b> earth-bound root?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Also formerly used in connection with a noun simply as a sign of the possessive. "The king <i>his</i> son." <i>Shak</i>. "By young Telemachus <i>his</i> blooming years." <i>Pope</i>. This <i>his</i> is probably a corruption of the old possessive ending -<i>is</i> or -<i>es</i>, which, being written as a separate word, was at length confounded with the pronoun <i>his</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The possessive of <i>he</i>; <as>as, the book is <ex>his</ex></as>.</def> "The sea is <i>his</i>, and he made it."

<i>Ps. xcv. 5.</i>

<h1>Hisingerite</h1>
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<hw>His"ing*er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after W. <ets>Hisinger</ets>, a Swedish mineralogist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A soft black, iron ore, nearly earthy, a hydrous silicate of iron.</def>

<h1>Hispanic</h1>
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<hw>His*pan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Hispanicus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Spain or its language; <as>as, <ex>Hispanic</ex> words</as>.</def>

<h1>Hispanicism</h1>
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<hw>His*pan"i*cism</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Spanish idiom or mode of speech.</def>

<i>Keightley.</i>

<h1>Hispanicize</h1>
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<hw>His*pan"i*cize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give a Spanish form or character to; <as>as, to <ex>Hispanicize</ex> Latin words</as>.</def>

<h1>Hispid</h1>
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<hw>His"pid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hispidus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hispide</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Rough with bristles or minute spines.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Beset with stiff hairs or bristles.</def>

<h1>Hispidulous</h1>
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<hw>His*pid"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>hispid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Minutely hispid.</def>

<h1>Hiss</h1>
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<hw>Hiss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hissed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hissing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>hysian</ets>; prob. of imitative origin<?/; cf. LG. <ets>hissen</ets>, OD. <ets>hisschen</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make with the mouth a prolonged sound like that of the letter <it>s</it>, by driving the breath between the tongue and the teeth; to make with the mouth a sound like that made by a goose or a snake when angered; esp., to make such a sound as an expression of hatred, passion, or disapproval.</def>

<blockquote>The merchants among the people shall <b>hiss</b> at thee.
<i>Ezek. xxvii. 36.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a similar noise by any means; to pass with a sibilant sound; <as>as, the arrow <ex>hissed</ex> as it flew</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Shod with steel,
We <b>hissed</b> along the polished ice.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hiss</h1>
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<hw>Hiss</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To condemn or express contempt for by hissing.</def>

<blockquote>If the tag-rag people did not clap him and <b>hiss</b> him, according as he pleased and displeased them.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><it>Malcolm</it>.   What is the newest grief?
<it>Ros</it>.  That of an hour's age doth <b>hiss</b> the speaker.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To utter with a hissing sound.</def>

<blockquote>The long-necked geese of the world that are ever <b>hissing</b> dispraise.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hiss</h1>
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<hw>Hiss</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A prolonged sound like that letter <it>s</it>, made by forcing out the breath between the tongue and teeth, esp. as a token of disapprobation or contempt.</def>

<blockquote>"<b>Hiss</b>" implies audible friction of breath consonants.
<i>H. Sweet. </i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A dismal, universal <b>hiss</b>, the sound
Of public scorn.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any sound resembling that above described</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The noise made by a serpent.</def>

<blockquote>But <b>hiss</b> for <b>hiss</b> returned with forked tongue.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The note of a goose when irritated</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The noise made by steam escaping through a narrow orifice, or by water falling on a hot stove</def>.
<-- or the high-frequency noise from an electronic audio instrument -->

<h1>Hissing</h1>
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<hw>Hiss"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of emitting a hiss or hisses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The occasion of contempt; the object of scorn and derision.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>I will make this city desolate, and a <b>hissing</b>.
<i>Jer. xix. 8.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hissingly</h1>
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<hw>Hiss"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With a hissing sound.</def>

<h1>Hist</h1>
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<hw>Hist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>hys</ets>. <?/. Cf. <er>Hush</er>, <er>Whist</er>.]</ety> <def>Hush; be silent; -- a signal for silence.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Histiology</h1>
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<hw>His`ti*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Histology</er>.</def>

<h1>Histogenesis</h1>
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<hw>His`to*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + E. <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The formation and development of organic tissues; histogeny; -- the opposite of <i>histolysis</i></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Germ history of cells, and of the tissues composed of cells.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<h1>Histogenetic</h1>
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<hw>His`to*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Histogeny</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Tissue-producing; connected with the formation and development of the organic tissues.</def>

<h1>Histogeny</h1>
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<hw>His*tog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + root of <?/ to be born.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Histogenesis</er>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Histographer</h1>
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<hw>His*tog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who describes organic tissues; an histologist.</def>

<h1>Histographical</h1>
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<hw>His"to*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to histography.</def>

<h1>Histography</h1>
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<hw>His*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of, or treatise on, organic tissues.</def>

<h1>Histoh\'91matin</h1>
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<hw>His`to*h\'91m"a*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + E. <ets>h\'91matin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>One of a class of respiratory pigments, widely distributed in the animal kingdom, capable of ready oxidation and reduction.</def>

<h1>Histoid</h1>
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<hw>His"toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling the normal tissues; <as>as, <ex>histoid</ex> tumors</as>.</def>

<h1>Histologic, Histological</h1>
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<hw><hw>His`to*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>His`to*log"ic*al</hw><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to histology, or to the microscopic structure of the tissues of living organisms.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>His`to*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Histologist</h1>
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<hw>His*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in histology.</def>

<h1>Histology</h1>
<Xpage=695>

<hw>His*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of biological science, which treats of the minute (microscopic) structure of animal and vegetable tissues; -- called also <altname>histiology</altname>.</def>

<h1>Histolysis</h1>
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<hw>His*tol"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + <?/ to loosen, dissolve.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The decay and dissolution of the organic tissues and of the blood.</def>

<h1>Histolytic</h1>
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<hw>His`to*lyt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to histolysis, or the degeneration of tissues.</def>

<h1>Histonomy</h1>
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<hw>His*ton"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + <?/ to distribute, regulate.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the laws relating to organic tissues, their formation, development, functions, etc.</def>

<h1>Histophyly</h1>
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<hw>His*toph"y*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + Gr. <?/ clan.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The tribal history of cells, a division of morphophyly.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<h1>Historial</h1>
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<hw>His*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>historialis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>historial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Historical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Historian</h1>
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<hw>His*to"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>historien</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A writer of history; a chronicler; an annalist.</def>

<blockquote>Even the <b>historian</b> takes great liberties with facts.
<i>Sir J. Reynolds.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One versed or well informed in history.</def>

<blockquote>Great captains should be good <b>historians</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="696">
Page 696<p>

<h1>Historic, Historical</h1>
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<hw><hw>His*tor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>His*tor"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>historicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>historique</ets>. See <er>History</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to history, or the record of past events; <as>as, an <ex>historical</ex> poem; the <ex>historic</ex> page.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>His*tor"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>His*to*ric"i*ty</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote> There warriors frowning in <b>historic</b> brass.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Historical painting</col>, <cd>that branch of painting which represents the events of history.</cd> -- <col>Historical sense</col>, <cd>that meaning of a passage which is deduced from the circumstances of time, place, etc., under which it was written.</cd> -- <col>The historic sense</col>, <cd>the capacity to conceive and represent the unity and significance of a past era or age.</cd></cs>

<h1>Historically</h1>
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<hw>His*tor"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of, or in accordance with, history.</def>

<h1>Historicize</h1>
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<hw>His*tor"i*cize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To record or narrate in the manner of a history; to chronicle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Historied</h1>
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<hw>His"to*ried</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Related in history.</def>

<h1>Historier</h1>
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<hw>His*to"ri*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An historian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Historiette</h1>
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<hw>His`to*ri*ette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>histoire</ets> a history.]</ety> <def>Historical narration on a small scale; a brief recital; a story.</def>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Histority</h1>
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<hw>His*tor"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>History</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To record in or as history.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<blockquote>Thy conquest meet to be <b>historified</b>.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Historiographer</h1>
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<hw>His*to`ri*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>historiographus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ history + <?/ to write: cf. F. <ets>historiographe</ets>.]</ety> <def>An historian; a writer of history; especially, one appointed or designated to write a history; also, a title bestowed by some governments upon historians of distinction.</def>

<h1>Historiographership</h1>
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<hw>His*to`ri*og"ra*pher*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of an historiographer.</def>

<i>Saintsbury.</i>

<h1>Historiography</h1>
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<hw>His*to`ri*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of employment of an historiographer.</def>

<h1>Historiology</h1>
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<hw>His*to`ri*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ history + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A discourse on history.</def>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Historionomer</h1>
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<hw>His*to`ri*on"o*mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ history + <?/ to distribute.]</ety> <def>One versed in the phenomena of history and the laws controlling them.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>historionomers</b> will have measured accurately the sidereal years of races.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Historize</h1>
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<hw>His"to*rize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To relate as history; to chronicle; to historicize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>History</h1>
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<hw>His"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Histories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.<ets>historia</ets>, Gr. <grk>'istori`a</grk> history, information, inquiry, fr. <grk>'istwr</grk>, <grk>"istwr</grk>, knowing, learned, from the root of <?/ to know; akin to E. <ets>wit</ets>. See <er>Wit</er>, and cf. <er>Story</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A learning or knowing by inquiry; the knowledge of facts and events, so obtained; hence, a formal statement of such information; a narrative; a description; a written record; <as>as, the <ex>history</ex> of a patient's case; the <ex>history</ex> of a legislative bill.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A systematic, written account of events, particularly of those affecting a nation, institution, science, or art, and usually connected with a philosophical explanation of their causes; a true story, as distinguished from a <i>romance</i>; -- distinguished also from <i>annals</i>, which relate simply the facts and events of each year, in strict chronological order; from <i>biography</i>, which is the record of an individual's life; and from <i>memoir</i>, which is history composed from personal experience, observation, and memory.</def>

<blockquote><b>Histories</b> are as perfect as the historian is wise, and is gifted with an eye and a soul.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For aught that I could ever read,
Could ever hear by tale or <b>history</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What <b>histories</b> of toil could I declare!
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>History piece</col>, <cd>a representation in painting, drawing, etc., of any real event, including the actors and the action.</cd> -- <col>Natural history</col>, <cd>a description and classification of objects in nature, as minerals, plants, animals, etc., and the phenomena which they exhibit to the senses.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Chronicle; annals; relation; narration.</syn> <usage> -- <er>History</er>, <er>Chronicle</er>, <er>Annals</er>. <i>History</i> is a methodical record of important events which concern a community of men, usually so arranged as to show the connection of causes and effects, to give an analysis of motive and action etc. A <i>chronicle</i> is a record of such events, conforming to the order of time as its distinctive feature. <i>Annals</i> are a chronicle divided up into separate years. By poetic license <i>annals</i> is sometimes used for <i>history</i>.</usage>

<blockquote>Justly C\'91sar scorns the poet's lays;
It is to <b>history</b> he trusts for praise.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No more yet of this;
For 't is a <b>chronicle</b> of day by day,
Not a relation for a breakfast.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Many glorious examples in the <b>annals</b> of our religion.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<h1>History</h1>
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<hw>His"to*ry</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To narrate or record.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Histotomy</h1>
<Xpage=696>

<hw>His*tot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ tissue + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <def>The dissection of organic tissues.</def>

<h1>Histozyme</h1>
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<hw>His"to*zyme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ tissue + <?/ leaven.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A soluble ferment occurring in the animal body, to the presence of which many normal decompositions and synthetical processes are supposed to be due.</def>

<h1>Histrion</h1>
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<hw>His"tri*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>histrio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>histrion</ets>.]</ety> <def>A player.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Histrionic, Histrionical</h1>
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<hw><hw>His`tri*on"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>His`tri*on"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>histrionicus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>histronique</ets>. See <er>Histrion</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to the stage or a stageplayer; befitting a theatre; theatrical; -- sometimes in a bad sense.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>His`tri*on"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Tainted with false and <b>histrionic</b> feeling.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Histrionicism</h1>
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<hw>His`tri*on"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The histronic art; stageplaying.</def>

<i>W. Black.</i>

<h1>Histrionism</h1>
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<hw>His"tri*o*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Theatrical representation; acting; affectation.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Histrionize</h1>
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<hw>His"tri*o*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To act; to represent on the stage, or theatrically.</def>

<i>Urquhart.</i>

<h1>Hit</h1>
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<hw>Hit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <def>It.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hit</h1>
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<hw>Hit</hw>, <def><tt>3d pers. sing. pres.</tt> of <er>Hide</er>, contracted from <i>hideth</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hit</h1>
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<hw>Hit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hit</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hitten</ets>, <ets>hutten</ets>, of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. <ets>hitte</ets> to hit, find, Sw. & Icel. <ets>hitta</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reach with a stroke or blow; to strike or touch, usually with force; especially, to reach or touch (an object aimed at).</def>

<blockquote>I think you have <b>hit</b> the mark.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reach or attain exactly; to meet according to the occasion; to perform successfully; to attain to; to accord with; to be conformable to; to suit.</def>

<blockquote>Birds learning tunes, and their endeavors to <b>hit</b> the notes right.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There you <b>hit</b> him; . . . that argument never fails with him.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whose saintly visage is too bright
To <b>hit</b> the sense of human sight.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He scarcely <b>hit</b> my humor.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To guess; to light upon or discover.</def> "Thou hast <i>hit</i> it."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Backgammon)</fld> <def>To take up, or replace by a piece belonging to the opposing player; -- said of a single unprotected piece on a point.</def>

<cs><col>To hit off</col>, <cd>to describe with quick characteristic strokes; as, <i>to hit off<i> a speaker. <i>Sir W. Temple</i>.</cd> -- <col>To hit out</col>, <cd>to perform by good luck. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Spenser</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hit</h1>
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<hw>Hit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To meet or come in contact; to strike; to clash; -- followed by <i>against</i> or <i>on</i>.</def>

<blockquote>If bodies be extension alone, how can they move and <b>hit</b> one against another?
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Corpuscles, meeting with or <b>hitting</b> on those bodies, become conjoined with them.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To meet or reach what was aimed at or desired; to succeed, -- often with implied chance, or luck.</def>

<blockquote>And oft it <b>hits</b>
Where hope is coldest and despair most fits.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And millions miss for one that <b>hits</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To hit on</col> &or; <col>upon</col></mcol>, <cd>to light upon; to come to by chance. "None of them <i>hit upon<i> the art."</cd></cs>

<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hit</h1>
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<hw>Hit</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A striking against; the collision of one body against another; the stroke that touches anything.</def>

<blockquote>So he the famed Cilician fencer praised,
And, at each <b>hit</b>, with wonder seems amazed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stroke of success in an enterprise, as by a fortunate chance; <as>as, he made a <ex>hit</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>What late he called a blessing, now was wit,
And God's good providence, a lucky <b>hit</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<-- esp. A performance, as a musical recording, movie, or play, which achieved great popularity or acclaim.  also used of books or objects of commerce which become big sellers -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A peculiarly apt expression or turn of thought; a phrase which hits the mark; <as>as, a happy <ex>hit</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A game won at backgammon after the adversary has removed some of his men. It counts less than a <i>gammon</i>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>A striking of the ball; <as>as, a safe <ex>hit</ex>; a foul <ex>hit</ex></as>; -- sometimes used specifically for a <altname>base hit</altname>.</def>

<-- 6.  A murder performed for hire, esp. by a professional assassin. -->

<-- hit man.  (a) a professional murderer, esp. one working for a criminal organization; also, "torpedo" [jargon]  (b) (fig.) A slanderer working for political purposes -- See "hatchet man". -->

<cs><mcol><col>Base hit</col>, <col>Safe hit</col>, <col>Sacrifice hit</col></mcol>. <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Base</er>, <er>Safe</er>, etc.</cd></cs>

<-- <h1>Hit.</h1>
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<hw>Hit.</hw> <tt>adj.</tt> <def>having become very popular or acclaimed; -- said of entertainment performances; <as>as, a hit record, a hit movie.</def> -->

<h1>Hitch</h1>
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<hw>Hitch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.</def> t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Scot. <ets>hitch</ets> a motion by a jerk, and <ets>hatch</ets>, <ets>hotch</ets>, to move by jerks, also Prov. G. <ets>hiksen</ets>, G. <ets>hinken</ets>, to limp, hobble; or E. <ets>hiccough</ets>; or possibly akin to E. <ets>hook</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become entangled or caught; to be linked or yoked; to unite; to cling.</def>

<blockquote>Atoms . . . which at length <b>hitched</b> together.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move interruptedly or with halts, jerks, or steps; -- said of something obstructed or impeded.</def>

<blockquote>Slides into verse, and <b>hitches</b> in a rhyme.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To ease themselves . . . by <b>hitching</b> into another place.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To hit the legs together in going, as horses; to interfere.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Hitch</h1>
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<hw>Hitch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hitched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hitching</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hook; to catch or fasten as by a hook or a knot; to make fast, unite, or yoke; <as>as, to <ex>hitch</ex> a horse, or a halter</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move with hitches; <as>as, he <ex>hitched</ex> his chair nearer</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To hitch up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To fasten up.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To pull or raise with a jerk; as, a sailor <i>hitches up<i> his trousers.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To attach, as a horse, to a vehicle; as, <i>hitch up<i> the gray mare. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Hitch</h1>
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<hw>Hitch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A catch; anything that holds, as a hook; an impediment; an obstacle; an entanglement.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of catching, as on a hook, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A stop or sudden halt; a stoppage; an impediment; a temporary obstruction; an obstacle; <as>as, a <ex>hitch</ex> in one's progress or utterance; a <ex>hitch</ex> in the performance.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A sudden movement or pull; a pull up; <as>as, the sailor gave his trousers a <ex>hitch</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A knot or noose in a rope which can be readily undone; -- intended for a temporary fastening; <as>as, a half <ex>hitch</ex>; a clove <ex>hitch</ex>; a timber <ex>hitch</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A small dislocation of a bed or vein.</def>

<h1>Hitchel</h1>
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<hw>Hitch"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Hatchel</er>.</def>

<h1>Hithe</h1>
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<hw>Hithe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h</ets><?/<?/. Cf. <er>Hide</er> to conceal.]</ety> <def>A port or small haven; -- used in composition; <as>as, <ex>Lambhithe</ex>, now <ex>Lambeth</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Pennant.</i>

<h1>Hither</h1>
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<hw>Hith"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hider</ets>, AS. <ets>hider</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>h</ets><?/<?/<ets>ra</ets>, Dan. <ets>hid</ets>, Sw. <ets>hit</ets>, Goth. <ets>hidr</ets><?/; cf. L. <ets>citra</ets> on this side, or E. <ets>here</ets>, <ets>he</ets>.  <?/183. Cf. <er>He</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To this place; -- used with verbs signifying motion, and implying motion toward the speaker; correlate of <i>hence</i> and <i>thither</i>; <as>as, to come or bring <ex>hither</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To this point, source, conclusion, design, etc.; -- in a sense not physical.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hither</b> we refer whatsoever belongeth unto the highest perfection of man.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Hither and thither</col>, <cd>to and fro; backward and forward; in various directions. "Victory is like a traveller, and goeth <i>hither and thither<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Knolles.</i>

<h1>Hither</h1>
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<hw>Hith"er</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being on the side next or toward the person speaking; nearer; -- correlate of <i>thither</i> and <i>farther</i>; <as>as, on the <ex>hither</ex> side of a hill</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Applied to time: On the hither side of, younger than; of fewer years than.</def>

<blockquote>And on the <b>hither</b> side, or so she looked,
Of twenty summers.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To the present generation, that is to say, the people a few years on the <b>hither</b> and thither side of thirty, the name of Charles Darwin stands alongside of those of Isaac Newton and Michael Faraday.
<i>Huxley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hithermost</h1>
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<hw>Hith"er*most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Nearest on this side.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Hitherto</h1>
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<hw>Hith"er*to`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To this place; to a prescribed limit.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hitherto</b> shalt thou come, but no further.
<i>Job xxxviii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Up to this time; as yet; until now.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord hath blessed me <b>hitherto</b>.
<i>Josh. xvii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hitherward</h1>
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<hw>Hith"er*ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hiderweard</ets>.]</ety> <def>Toward this place; hither.</def>

<blockquote>Marching <b>hitherward</b> in proud array.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hitter</h1>
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<hw>Hit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hits or strikes; <as>as, a hard <ex>hitter</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Hive</h1>
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<hw>Hive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hive</ets>, <ets>huve</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/fe</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A box, basket, or other structure, for the reception and habitation of a swarm of honeybees.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The bees of one hive; a swarm of bees.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A place swarming with busy occupants; a crowd.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>hive</b> of Roman liars.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Hive bee</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the honeybee.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hive</h1>
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<hw>Hive</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hived</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hiving</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To collect into a hive; to place in, or cause to enter, a hive; <as>as, to <ex>hive</ex> a swarm of bees</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To store up in a hive, as honey; hence, to gather and accumulate for future need; to lay up in store.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hiving</b> wisdom with each studious year.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hive</h1>
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<hw>Hive</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take shelter or lodgings together; to reside in a collective body.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Hiveless</h1>
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<hw>Hive"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of a hive.</def>

<i>Gascoigne.</i>

<h1>Hiver</h1>
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<hw>Hiv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who collects bees into a hive.</def>

<h1>Hives</h1>
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<hw>Hives</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot.; perh. akin to E. <ets>heave</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The croup.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An eruptive disease <fld>(Varicella globularis)</fld>, allied to the chicken pox.</def>

<h1>Hizz</h1>
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<hw>Hizz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To hiss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ho</h1>
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<hw>Ho</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <def>Who. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> In some Chaucer MSS.</def>

<h1>Ho, Hoa</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ho</hw>, <hw>Hoa</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ho</er>, <tt>interj.</tt>, 2.]</ety> <def>A stop; a halt; a moderation of pace.</def>

<blockquote>There is no <b>ho</b> with them.
<i>Decker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ho, Hoa</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ho</hw>, <hw>Hoa</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. & G. <ets>ho</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Halloo! attend! -- a call to excite attention, or to give notice of approach.</def> "What noise there, <i>ho</i>?"

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>"<b>Ho</b>! who's within?"
<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Perhaps corrupted fr. <ets>hold</ets>; but cf. F. <ets>hau</ets> stop! and E. <ets>whoa</ets>.]</ety> <def>Stop! stand still! hold! -- a word now used by teamsters, but formerly to order the cessation of anything.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>whoa</asp>, and, formerly, <asp>hoo</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>The duke . . . pulled out his sword and cried "<b>Hoo</b>!"
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An herald on a scaffold made an <b>hoo</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hoar</h1>
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<hw>Hoar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hor</ets>, <ets>har</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'ber</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>h\'berr</ets>, and to OHG. <ets>h&emac;r</ets> illustrious, magnificent; cf. Icel. <ets>Hei&edh;</ets> brightness of the sky, Goth. <ets>hais</ets> torch, Skr. <ets>k&emac;tus</ets> light, torch. Cf. <er>Hoary</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>White, or grayish white: as, <i>hoar</i> frost; <i>hoar</i> cliffs.</def> "<i>Hoar</i> waters."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gray or white with age; hoary.</def>

<blockquote>Whose beard with age is <b>hoar</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Old trees with trunks all <b>hoar</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Musty; moldy; stale.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hoar</h1>
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<hw>Hoar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hoariness; antiquity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Covered with the awful <b>hoar</b> of innumerable ages.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hoar</h1>
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<hw>Hoar</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h\'berian</ets> to grow gray.]</ety> <def>To become moldy or musty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hoard</h1>
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<hw>Hoard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hoarding</er>, 2.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Hoard</h1>
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<hw>Hoard</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hord</ets>, AS. <ets>hord</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>hord</ets>, G. <ets>hort</ets>, Icel. <ets>hodd</ets>, Goth. <ets>huzd</ets>; prob. from the root of E. <ets>hide</ets> to conceal, and of L. <ets>custos</ets> guard, E. <ets>custody</ets>. See <er>Hide</er> to conceal.]</ety> <def>A store, stock, or quantity of anything accumulated or laid up; a hidden supply; a treasure; <as>as, a <ex>hoard</ex> of provisions; a <ex>hoard</ex> of money.</as></def>

<h1>Hoard</h1>
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<hw>Hoard</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hoarded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hoarding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>hordian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To collect and lay up; to amass and deposit in secret; to store secretly, or for the sake of keeping and accumulating; <as>as, to <ex>hoard</ex> grain</as>.</def>

<h1>Hoard</h1>
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<hw>Hoard</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lay up a store or hoard, as of money.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>hoard</b> for those whom he did breed.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hoarder</h1>
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<hw>Hoard"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hoards.</def>

<h1>Hoarding</h1>
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<hw>Hoard"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From OF. <ets>hourd</ets>, <ets>hourt</ets>, barrier, palisade, of German or Dutch origin; cf. D. <ets>horde</ets> hurdle, fence, G. <ets>horde</ets>, <ets>h\'81rde</ets>; akin to E. <ets>hurdle</ets>. &root;16. See <er>Hurdle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A screen of boards inclosing a house and materials while builders are at work.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>Posted on every dead wall and <b>hoarding</b>.
<i>London Graphic</b>.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fence, barrier, or cover, inclosing, surrounding, or concealing something.</def>

<blockquote>The whole arrangement was surrounded by a <b>hoarding</b>, the space within which was divided into compartments by sheets of tin.
<i>Tyndall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hoared</h1>
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<hw>Hoared</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Moldy; musty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Granmer.</i>

<h1>Hoarfrost</h1>
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<hw>Hoar"frost`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The white particles formed by the congelation of dew; white frost.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>horefrost</asp>. See <er>Hoar</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</altsp>

<blockquote>He scattereth the <b>hoarfrost</b> like ashes.
<i>Ps. cxlvii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hoarhound</h1>
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<hw>Hoar"hound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Horehound</er>.</def>

<h1>Hoariness</h1>
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<hw>Hoar"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Hoary</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being hoary.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Hoarse</h1>
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<hw>Hoarse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Hoarser</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Hoarsest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hors</ets>, also <ets>hos</ets>, <ets>has</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'bes</ets>; akin to D. <ets>heesch</ets>, G. <ets>heiser</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'bess</ets>, Dan. <ets>h\'91s</ets>, Sw. <ets>hes</ets>. Cf. Prov. E. <ets>heazy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a harsh, rough, grating voice or sound, as when affected with a cold; making a rough, harsh cry or sound; <as>as, the <ex>hoarse</ex> raven</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>hoarse</b> resounding shore.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Harsh; grating; discordant; -- said of any sound.</def>

<h1>Hoarsely</h1>
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<hw>Hoarse"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With a harsh, grating sound or voice.</def>

<h1>Hoarsen</h1>
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<hw>Hoars"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hoarsened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hoarsening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make hoarse.</def>

<blockquote>I shall be obliged to <b>hoarsen</b> my voice.
<i>Richardson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hoarseness</h1>
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<hw>Hoarse"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Harshness or roughness of voice or sound, due to mucus collected on the vocal cords, or to swelling or looseness of the cords.</def>

<hr>
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Page 697<p>

<h1>Hoarstone</h1>
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<hw>Hoar"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stone designating the <?/ounds of an estate; a landmark.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Hoary</h1>
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<hw>Hoar"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>White or whitish.</def>"The <i>hoary</i> willows."

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> White or gray with age; hoar; as, <b>hoary</b> hairs.

<blockquote>Reverence the <b>hoary</b> head.
<i>Dr. T. Dwight.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, remote in time past; <as>as, <ex>hoary</ex> antiquity</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Moldy; mossy; musty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Knolles.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of a pale silvery gray.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Covered with short, dense, grayish white hairs; canescent.</def>

<cs><col>Hoary bat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American bat (<spn>Atalapha cinerea</spn>), having the hair yellowish, or brown, tipped with white.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hoatzin</h1>
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<hw>Ho"at*zin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hoazin</er>.</def>

<h1>Hoax</h1>
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<hw>Hoax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. contr. fr. <ets>hocus</ets>, in <ets>hocus-pocus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A deception for mockery or mischief; a deceptive trick or story; a practical joke.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Hoax</h1>
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<hw>Hoax</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hoaxed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hoaxing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deceive by a story or a trick, for sport or mischief; to impose upon sportively.</def>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Hoaxer</h1>
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<hw>Hoax"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hoaxes.</def>

<h1>Hoazin</h1>
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<hw>Hoa"zin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A remarkable South American bird (<spn>Opisthocomus cristatus</spn>); the crested touraco. By some zo\'94logists it is made the type of a distinct order (<spn>Opisthocomi</spn>).</def>

<h1>Hob</h1>
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<hw>Hob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. akin to <ets>hump</ets>. Cf. <er>Hub</er>. ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The hub of a wheel. See <er>Hub</er>.</def>

<i>Washington.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The flat projection or iron shelf at the side of a fire grate, where things are put to be kept warm.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A threaded and fluted hardened steel cutter, resembling a tap, used in a lathe for forming the teeth of screw chasers, worm wheels, etc.</def>

<h1>Hob</h1>
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<hw>Hob</hw>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[Orig. an abbrev. of <ets>Robin</ets>, <ets>Robert</ets>; <ets>Robin Goodfellow</ets> a celebrated fairy, or domestic spirit. Cf. <er>Hobgoblin</er>, and see <er>Robin</er>. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fairy; a sprite; an elf.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>From elves, hobs, and fairies, . . .
Defend us, good Heaven !
<i>Beau. &  FL.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A countryman; a rustic; a clown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hobanob, Hobandnob</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hob"a*nob`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hob"and*nob`</hw>,<hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hobnob</er>.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Hobbism</h1>
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<hw>Hob"bism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The philosophical system of Thomas <i>Hobbes</i>, an English materialist (<?/); esp., his political theory that the most perfect form of civil government is an absolute monarchy with despotic control over everything relating to law, morals, and religion.</def>

<h1>Hobbist</h1>
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<hw>Hob"bist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who accepts the doctrines of Thomas Hobbes.</def>

<h1>Hobble</h1>
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<hw>Hob"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hobbled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hobbling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hobelen</ets>, <ets>hoblen</ets>, freq. of <ets>hoppen</ets> to hop; akin to D. <ets>hobbelen</ets>, <ets>hoblen</ets>, <ets>hoppeln</ets>. See <er>Hop</er> to jump, and cf. <er>Hopple</er>  ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To walk lame, bearing chiefly on one leg; to walk with a hitch or hop, or with crutches.</def>

<blockquote>The friar was <b>hobbling</b> the same way too.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move roughly or irregularly; -- said of style in writing.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>hobbling</b> versification, the mean diction.
<i>Jeffreys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hobble</h1>
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<hw>Hob"ble</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fetter by tying the legs; to hopple; to clog.</def> " They <i>hobbled</i> their horses."

<i>Dickens</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To perplex; to embarrass.</def>

<h1>Hobble</h1>
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<hw>Hob"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An unequal gait; a limp; a halt; <as>as, he has a <ex>hobble</ex> in his gait</as>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Same as <er>Hopple</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Difficulty; perplexity; embarrassment.</def>

<i>Waterton.</i>

<h1>Hobblebush</h1>
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<hw>Hob"ble*bush`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A low bush (<spn>Viburnum lantanoides</spn>) having long, straggling branches and handsome flowers. It is found in the Northern United States. Called also <altname>shinhopple</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hobbledehoy, Hobbletehoy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hob"ble*de*hoy`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hob"ble*te*hoy`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hobbetyhoy</asp>, <asp>hobbarddehoy</asp>, <asp>hobbedehoy</asp>, <asp>hobdehoy</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[ Cf. Prob. E. <ets>hobbledygee</ets> with a limping movement; also F. <ets>hobereau</ets>, a country squire, E. <ets>hobby</ets>, and OF. <ets>hoi</ets> to-day; perh. the orig. sense was, an upstart of to-day.]</ety> <def>A youth between boy and man; an awkward, gawky young fellow .</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>All the men, boys, and <b>hobbledehoys</b> attached to the farm.
<i>Dickens. .</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hobbler</h1>
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<hw>Hob"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hobbles.</def>

<h1>Hobbler</h1>
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<hw>Hob"bler</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. also <ets>hobeler</ets>, OF. <ets>hobelier</ets>, LL. <ets>hobellarius</ets>. See <er>Hobby</er> a horse.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who by his tenure was to maintain a horse for military service; a kind of light horseman in the Middle Ages who was mounted on a hobby.</def>

<i>Hallam. Sir J. Davies.</i>

<h1>Hobblingly</h1>
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<hw>Hob"bling*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With a limping step.</def>

<h1>Hobbly</h1>
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<hw>Hob"bly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rough; uneven; causing one to hobble; as a <i>hobbly</i> road.</def>

<h1>Hobby</h1>
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<hw>Hob"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hobbies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>hobi</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>hobe</ets>, <ets>hob\'82</ets>, F. <ets>hobereau</ets> a hobby, a species of falcon. OF. <ets>hober</ets> to move, stir. Cf. <er>Hobby</er> a horse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, strong-winged European falcon (<spn>Falco subbuteo</spn>), formerly trained for hawking.</def>

<h1>Hobby, Hobbyhorse</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hob"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hob"by*horse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hobin</ets> a nag, OF. <ets>hobin</ets> hobby; cf. <ets>hober</ets> to stir, move; prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. Dan. <ets>hoppe</ets> a mare, dial. Sw.  <ets>hoppa</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>hop</ets> to jump.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A strong, active horse, of a middle size, said to have been originally from Ireland; an ambling nag.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stick, often with the head or figure of a horse, on which boys make believe to ride.</def> <altsp>[ Usually under the form <asp>hobbyhorse</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A subject or plan upon which one is constantly setting off; a favorite and ever-recurring theme of discourse, thought, or effort; that which occupies one's attention unduly, or to the weariness of others; a ruling passion.</def> <altsp>[Usually under the form <asp>hobby</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Not one of them has any <b>hobbyhorse</b>, to use the phrase of Sterne.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hobbyhorsical</h1>
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<hw>Hob`by*hors"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or having, a hobby or whim; eccentric; whimsical.</def><mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Hobgoblin</h1>
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<hw>Hob"gob`lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d Hob, and <er>Goblin</er>.]</ety> <def>A frightful goblin; an imp; a bugaboo; also, a name formerly given to the household spirit, Robin Goodfellow.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Hobiler</h1>
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<hw>Hob"i*ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[See 2d <er>Hobbler</er>.]</ety> <def>A light horseman. See 2d <er>Hobbler</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Brande  & C.</i>

<h1>Hobit</h1>
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<hw>Ho"bit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Howitzer</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A small mortar on a gun carriage, in use before the howitzer.</def>

<h1>Hobnail</h1>
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<hw>Hob"nail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[1st <ets>hob + nail</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A short, sharp-pointed, large-headed nail, -- used in shoeing houses and for studding the soles of heavy shoes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A clownish person; a rustic.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>Hobnail liver</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a disease in which the liver is shrunken, hard, and covered with projections like hobnails; one of the forms of cirrhosis of the liver.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hobnail</h1>
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<hw>Hob"nail`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tread down roughly, as with hobnailed shoes.</def>

<blockquote>Your rights and charters <b>hobnailed</b> into slush.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hobnailed</h1>
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<hw>Hob"nailed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See with hobnails, as a shoe.</def>

<h1>Hobnob</h1>
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<hw>Hob"nob`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>habban</ets> to have + <ets>habban</ets> to have not; <ets>ne</ets> not + <ets>habban</ets> to have. See <er>Have</er>, and cf. <er>Habnab</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Have or have not; -- a familiar invitation to reciprocal drinking.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>At random; hit or miss. (Obs.)</def>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Hobnob</h1>
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<hw>Hob"nob`</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hornobbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hornobbing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To drink familiarly (with another).</def> <altsp>[ Written also <asp>hob-a-nob</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To associate familiarly; to be on intimate terms.</def>

<h1>Hobnob</h1>
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<hw>Hob"nob`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Familiar, social intercourse.</def>

<i>W. Black.</i>

<h1>Hobornob</h1>
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<hw>Hob"or*nob`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>See <er>Hobnob</er>.</def>

<h1>Hoboy</h1>
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<hw>Ho"boy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hautboy or oboe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hobson's choice</h1>
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<hw>Hob"son's choice"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A choice without an alternative; the thing offered or nothing.</def>

<note>&hand; It is said to have had its origin in the name of one <i>Hobson</i>, at Cambridge, England, who let horses, and required every customer to take in his turn the horse which stood next the stable door.</note>

<h1>Hocco</h1>
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<hw>Hoc"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The crested curassow; -- called also <altname>royal pheasant</altname>. See <er>Curassow</er>.</def>

<h1>Hochepot</h1>
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<hw>Hoche"pot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hotchpot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hock</h1>
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<hw>Hock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from <ets>Hoch</ets>heim, in Germany.]</ety> <def>A Rhenish wine, of a light yellow color, either sparkling or still. The name is also given indiscriminately to all Rhenish wines.</def>

<mhw><h1>Hock, Hough</h1>
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<hw>Hock</hw>, <hw>Hough</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[ AS. <ets>h<?/h</ets> the heel; prob. akin to Icel. <ets>h\'besinn</ets> hock sinew, Dan. <ets>hasc</ets>, G. <ets>hechse</ets>, <ets>h\'84chse</ets>, LG. <ets>hacke</ets>, D.<ets>hak</ets>; also to L. <ets>coxa</ets> hip (cf. <er>Cuisses</er>), Skr. <ets>kaksha</ets> armpit. &root;12. Cf. <er>Heel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The joint in the hind limb of quadrupeds between the leg and shank, or tibia and tarsus, and corresponding to the ankle in man.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A piece cut by butchers, esp. in pork, from either the front or hind leg, just above the foot.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The popliteal space; the ham.</def>

<h1>Hock</h1>
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<hw>Hock</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To disable by cutting the tendons of the hock; to hamstring; to hough.</def>

<h1>Hockamore</h1>
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<hw>Hock"a*more</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Hock</er>.]</ety> <def>A Rhenish wine. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Hock</er>.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Hockday</h1>
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<hw>Hock"day`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>h&omac;cor</ets> mockery, scorn.]</ety> <def>A holiday commemorating the expulsion of the Danes, formerly observed on the second Tuesday after Easter; -- called also <altname>hocktide</altname>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hokeday</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hockey</h1>
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<hw>Hock"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Hook</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A game in which two parties of players, armed with sticks curved or hooked at the end, attempt to drive any small object (as a ball or a bit of wood) toward opposite goals.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The stick used by the players.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hookey</asp> and <asp>hawkey</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hockherb</h1>
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<hw>Hock"herb`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The mallow.</def>

<h1>Hockle</h1>
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<hw>Hoc"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hockled</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hockling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From 2d <er>Hock</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hamstring; to hock; to hough.</def>

<i>Hanmer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mow, as stubble.</def>

<i>Mason.</i>

<h1>Hocus</h1>
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<hw>Ho"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hocus-pocus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deceive or cheat.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To adulterate; to drug; <as>as, liquor is said to be <ex>hocused</ex> for the purpose of stupefying the drinker</as>.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To stupefy with drugged liquor.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Hocus</h1>
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<hw>Ho"cus</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who cheats or deceives.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Drugged liquor.</def>

<h1>Hocuspocus</h1>
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<hw>Ho"cus*po"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. invented by jugglers in imitation of Latin. Cf. <er>Hoax</er>, <er>Hocus</er> .]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A term used by jugglers in pretended incantations.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A juggler or trickster.</def>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A juggler's trick; a cheat; nonsense.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Hocuspocus</h1>
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<hw>Ho"cus*po"cus</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cheat.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Hod</h1>
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<hw>Hod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. for <ets>hold</ets>, <it>i. e</it>., that which holds.  See <er>Hold</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of wooden tray with a handle, borne on the shoulder, for carrying mortar, brick, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A utensil for holding coal; a coal scuttle.</def>

<h1>Hoddengray</h1>
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<hw>Hod"den*gray`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Perh. akin to E. <ets>hoiden</ets> rustic, clownish.]</ety> <def>Applied to coarse cloth made of undyed wool, formerly worn by Scotch peasants.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Hoddy</h1>
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<hw>Hod"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. for <ets>hooded</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Dun crow</cref>, under <er>Dun</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Hoddydoddy</h1>
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<hw>Hod"dy*dod`dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. E. also <ets>hoddypeke</ets>, <ets>hoddypoule</ets>, <ets>hoddymandoddy</ets>.]</ety> <def>An awkward or foolish person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Hodgepodge</h1>
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<hw>Hodge"podge`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mixed mass; a medley. See <er>Hotchpot</er>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Hodgkin's disease</h1>
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<hw>Hodg`kin's dis*ease"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid condition characterized by progressive an\'91mia and enlargement of the lymphatic glands; -- first described by Dr. <i>Hodgkin</i>, an English physician.</def>

<h1>Hodiern, Hodiernal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ho"di*ern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ho`di*er"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hodiernus</ets>, fr. <ets>hodie</ets> today.]</ety> <def>Of this day; belonging to the present day.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle. Quart. Rev.</i>

<h1>Hodman</h1>
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<hw>Hod"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hodmen</plw>(<?/).</plu> <def>A man who carries a hod; a mason's tender.</def>

<h1>Hodmandod</h1>
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<hw>Hod"man*dod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Dodman</er>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Hodograph</h1>
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<hw>Hod"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/ path + <ets>graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A curve described by the moving extremity of a line the other end of which is fixed, this line being constantly parallel to the direction of motion of, and having its length constantly proportional to the velocity of, a point moving in any path; -used in investigations respecting central forces.</def>

<h1>Hodometer</h1>
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<hw>Ho*dom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Odometer</er>.</def>

<h1>Hoe</h1>
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<hw>Hoe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>hoe</ets>, F. <ets>houe</ets>; of German origin, cf. OHG. <ets>houwa</ets>, <ets>howa</ets>, G. <ets>haue</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>houwan</ets> to hew. See <er>Hew</er> to cut.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tool chiefly for digging up weeds, and arranging the earth about plants in fields and gardens. It is made of a flat blade of iron or steel having an eye or tang by which it is attached to a wooden handle at an acute angle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The horned or piked dogfish. See <er>Dogfish</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Dutch hoe</col>, <cd>one having the blade set for use in the manner of a spade.</cd> -- <col>Horse hoe</col>, <cd>a kind of cultivator.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hoe</h1>
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<hw>Hoe</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hoed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hoeing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>houer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cut, dig, scrape, turn, arrange, or clean, with a hoe; <as>as, to <ex>hoe</ex> the earth in a garden</as>; also, to clear from weeds, or to loosen or arrange the earth about, with a hoe; <as>as, to <ex>hoe</ex> corn</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To hoe one's row</col>, <cd>to do one's share of a job. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Hoe</h1>
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<hw>Hoe</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To use a hoe; to labor with a hoe.</def>

<h1>Hoecake</h1>
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<hw>Hoe"cake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cake of Indian meal, water, and salt, baked before the fire or in the ashes; -- so called because often cooked on a hoe.</def> <mark>[Southern U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Hoemother</h1>
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<hw>Hoe"moth`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A local Orkney name; cf. Icel.<ets>h\'ber</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The basking or liver shark; -- called also <altname>homer</altname>. See <cref>Liver shark</cref>, under <er>Liver</er>.</def>

<h1>Hoful</h1>
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<hw>Ho"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS.<ets>hogful</ets>, <ets>hohful</ets>, fr. <ets>hogu</ets> care, anxiety.]</ety> <def>Careful; wary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Stapleton.</i>

<h1>Hog</h1>
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<hw>Hog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. akin to E. <ets>hack</ets> to cut, and meaning orig., a castrated boar; cf. also W. <ets>hwch</ets> swine, sow, Armor. <ets>houc'h</ets>, <ets>hoc'h</ets>. Cf. <er>Haggis</er>, <er>Hogget</er>, and <er>Hoggerel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A quadruped of the genus <spn>Sus</spn>, and allied genera of <spn>Suid\'91</spn>; esp., the domesticated varieties of <spn>S. scrofa</spn>, kept for their fat and meat, called, respectively, <i>lard</i> and <i>pork</i>; swine; porker; specifically, a castrated boar; a barrow.</def>

<note>&hand; The domestic hogs of Siam, China, and parts of Southern Europe, are thought to have been derived from <spn>Sus Indicus</spn>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mean, filthy, or gluttonous fellow.</def> <mark>[Low.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A young sheep that has not been shorn.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rough, flat scrubbing broom for scrubbing a ship's bottom under water.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>(Paper Manuf.) A device for mixing and stirring the pulp of which paper is made.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Bush hog</col>, <col>Ground hog</col>, <col>etc</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Bush</er>, <er>Ground</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Hog caterpillar</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the green grapevine sphinx; -- so called because the head and first three segments are much smaller than those behind them, so as to make a resemblance to a hog's snout. See <er>Hawk moth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hog cholera</col>, <cd>an epidemic contagious fever of swine, attended by liquid, fetid, diarrhea, and by the appearance on the skin and mucous membrane of spots and patches of a scarlet, purple, or black color.</cd> It is fatal in from one to six days, or ends in a slow, uncertain recovery. <i>Law (Farmer's Veter. Adviser. )</i>-- <col>Hog deer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the axis deer.</cd> -- <col>Hog gum</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>West Indian tree (<spn>Symphonia globulifera</spn>), yielding an aromatic gum.</cd> -- <col>Hog of wool</col>, <cd>the trade name for the fleece or wool of sheep of the second year.</cd> -- <col>Hog peanut</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of earth pea.</cd> -- <col>Hog plum</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tropical tree, of the genus <spn>Spondias</spn> (<spn>S. lutea</spn>), with fruit somewhat resembling plums, but chiefly eaten by hogs. It is found in the West Indies.</cd> -- <col>Hog's bean</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the plant henbane.</cd> -- <col>Hog's bread</col>.<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sow bread</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hog's fennel</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Fennel</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mexican hog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the peccary.</cd> -- <col>Water hog</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Capybara</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hog</h1>
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<hw>Hog</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hogged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hogging</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut short like bristles; <as>as, to <ex>hog</ex> the mane of a horse</as>.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To scrub with a hog, or scrubbing broom.</def>

<h1>Hog</h1>
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<hw>Hog</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To become bent upward in the middle, like a hog's back; -- said of a ship broken or strained so as to have this form.</def>

<h1>Hogback</h1>
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<hw>Hog"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An upward curve or very obtuse angle in the upper surface of any member, as of a timber laid horizontally; -- the opposite of <i>camber</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hogframe</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A ridge formed by tilted strata; hence, any ridge with a sharp summit, and steeply sloping sides.</def>

<h1>Hogchain</h1>
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<hw>Hog"chain`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chain or tie rod, in a boat or barge, to prevent the vessel from hogging.</def>

<h1>Hogchoker</h1>
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<hw>Hog"chok`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American sole (<spn>Achirus lineatus</spn>, <spn>or A. achirus</spn>), related to the European sole, but of no market value.</def>

<h1>Hogcote</h1>
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<hw>Hog"cote`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shed for swine; a sty.</def>

<h1>Hogfish</h1>
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<hw>Hog"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A large West Indian and Florida food fish (<spn>Lachnol\'91mus</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The pigfish or sailor's choice.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An American fresh-water fish; the log perch.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A large, red, spiny-headed, European marine fish (<spn>Scorp\'91na scrofa</spn>).</def>

<h1>Hogframe</h1>
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<hw>Hog"frame`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Steam Vessels)</fld> <def>A trussed frame extending fore and aft, usually above deck, and intended to increase the longitudinal strength and stiffness. Used chiefly in American river and lake steamers. Called also <altname>hogging frame</altname>, and <altname>hogback</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hogged</h1>
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<hw>Hogged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Broken or strained so as to have an upward curve between the ends. See <er>Hog</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<h1>Hogger</h1>
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<hw>Hog"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stocking without a foot, worn by coal miners at work.</def>

<h1>Hoggerel</h1>
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<hw>Hog"ger*el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the same source as <ets>hog</ets>; prob. orig., a sheep clipped the first year. See <er>Hog</er>.]</ety> <def>A sheep of the second year. <altsp>[Written also <asp>hogrel</asp>.]</altsp> <i>Ash</i>.</def>

<h1>Hoggerpipe</h1>
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<hw>Hog"ger*pipe`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The upper terminal pipe of a mining pump.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<hr>
<page="698">
Page 698<p>

<h1>Hogger-pump</h1>
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<hw>Hog"ger-pump"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The for pump in the pit.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Hoggery</h1>
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<hw>Hog"ger*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hoggish character or manners; selfishness; greed; beastliness.</def>

<blockquote>Crime and shame
And all their <b>hoggery</b>.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hogget</h1>
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<hw>Hog"get</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See Hog, and <er>Hoggerel</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A young boar of the second year.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sheep or colt alter it has passed its first year.</def>

<h1>Hogging</h1>
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<hw>Hog"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Drooping at the ends; arching;-in distinction from <i>sagging</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Hogging frame</col>. <cd>See <er>Hogframe</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hoggish</h1>
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<hw>Hog"gish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Swinish; gluttonous; filthy; selfish.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hog"gish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Hog"gish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Is not a <b>hoggish</b> life the height of some men's wishes?
<i>Shaftesbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hogh</h1>
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<hw>Hogh</hw> <tt>(h&omac;)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>haugr</ets> hill, mound; akin to E. <ets>high</ets>. See <er>High</er>.]</ety> <def>A hill; a cliff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Hogherd</h1>
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<hw>Hog"herd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A swineherd.</def>

<i>W. Browne.</i>

<h1>Hogmanay</h1>
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<hw>Hog`ma*nay"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The old name, in Scotland, for the last day of the year, on which children go about singing, and receive a dole of bread or cakes; also, the entertainment given on that day to a visitor, or the gift given to an applicant.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Hognosesnake</h1>
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<hw>Hog"nose`snake"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A harmless North American snake of the genus <spn>Heterodon</spn>, esp. <spn>H. platyrhynos</spn>; -- called also <altname>puffing adder</altname>, <altname>blowing adder</altname>, and <altname>sand viper</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hognut</h1>
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<hw>Hog"nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The pignut</def>. See <er>Hickory</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In England, the <spn>Bunium flexuosum</spn>, a tuberous plant.</def>

<h1>Hogo</h1>
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<hw>Ho"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted from F. <ets>haut go\'96t</ets>.]</ety> <def>High flavor; strong scent</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Hogpen</h1>
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<hw>Hog"pen`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pen or sty for hogs.</def>

<h1>Hogreeve</h1>
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<hw>Hog"reeve`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Reeve</er>.]</ety> <def>A civil officer charged with the duty of impounding hogs running at large.</def> <mark>[New Eng.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Hogringer</h1>
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<hw>Hog"ring`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who puts rings into the snouts of hogs.</def>

<h1>Hog's-back</h1>
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<hw>Hog's"-back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A hogback.</def>

<h1>Hogscore</h1>
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<hw>Hog"score`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Curling)</fld> <def>A distance lime brawn across the rink or course between the middle line and the tee.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Hogshead</h1>
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<hw>Hogs"head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>okshoofd</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>oxhufvud</ets>, Dan. <ets>oxehoved</ets>, G. <ets>oxhoft</ets>; apparently meaning orig., ox head, but it is not known why this name was given. Cf. <er>Ox</er>, <er>Head</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An English measure of capacity, containing 63 wine gallons, or about 52<?/ imperial gallons; a half pipe.</def>

<note>&hand; The London hogshead of beer was 54 beer gallons, the London hogshead of ale was 48 ale gallons. Elsewhere in England the ale and beer hogsheads held 51 gallons. These measures are no longer in use, except for cider.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A large cask or barrel, of indefinite contents; esp. one containing from 100 to 140 gallons.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Hogskin</h1>
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<hw>Hog"skin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Leather tanned from a hog's skin. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Hogsty</h1>
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<hw>Hog"sty`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hogsties</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A pen, house, or inclosure, for hogs.</def>

<h1>Hogwash</h1>
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<hw>Hog"wash`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Swill.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Hogweed</h1>
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<hw>Hog"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A common weed (<spn>Ambrosia artemisi\'91ge</spn>). See <er>Ambrosia</er>, 3.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In England, the <spn>Heracleum Sphondylium</spn>.</def>

<h1>Hoiden</h1>
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<hw>Hoi"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hoydon</ets> a lout, rustic, OD. <ets>heyden</ets> a heathen, gypsy, vagabond, D. <ets>heiden</ets>, fr. OD. <ets>heyde</ets> heath, D. <ets>heide</ets>. See <er>Heathen</er>, <er>Heath</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hoyden</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rude, clownish youth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rude, bold girl; a romp.</def>

<i>H. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Hoiden</h1>
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<hw>Hoi"den</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rustic; rude; bold.</def>

<i>Younq.</i>

<h1>Hoiden</h1>
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<hw>Hoi"den</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To romp rudely or indecently.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Hoidenhood</h1>
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<hw>Hoi"den*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being a hoiden.</def>

<h1>Hoidenish</h1>
<Xpage=698>

<hw>Hoi"den*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like, or appropriate to, a hoiden.</def>

<h1>Hoise</h1>
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<hw>Hoise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hoist</er>.]</ety> <def>To hoist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They . . . <b>hoised</b> up the mainsail to the wind.
<i>Acts xxvii. 40.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hoist</h1>
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<hw>Hoist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hoisted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hoisting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hoise</ets>, <ets>hyse</ets>, OD. <ets>hyssen</ets>, D. <ets>hijshen</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>hissen</ets>, Dan. <ets>hisse</ets>, Sw. <ets>hissa</ets>.]</ety> <def>To raise; to lift; to elevate; esp., to raise or lift to a desired elevation, by means of tackle, as a sail, a flag, a heavy package or weight.</def>

<blockquote>They land my goods, and <b>hoist</b> my flying sails.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Hoisting</b> him into his father's throne.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Hoisting engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine for operating a hoist.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hoist</h1>
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<hw>Hoist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That by which anything is hoisted; the apparatus for lifting goods.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of hoisting; a lift.</def> <mark>[Collog.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>(<?/)(<?/) The perpendicular height of a flag, as opposed to the <i>fly</i>, or horizontal length when flying from a staff. <sd>(b)</sd> The height of a fore-and-aft sail next the mast or stay.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<cs><col>Hoist bridge</col>, <cd>a drawbridge that is lifted instead of being swung or drawn aside.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hoist</h1>
<Xpage=698>

<hw>Hoist</hw>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Hoisted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>'Tis the sport to have the enginer
Hoist with his own petar.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hoistaway</h1>
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<hw>Hoist"a*way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mechanical lift. See <er>Elevator</er>.</def>

<h1>Hoistway</h1>
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<hw>Hoist"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An opening for the hoist, or <?/levator, in the floor of a wareroom.</def>

<h1>Hoit</h1>
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<hw>Hoit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Gf. W. <ets>hoetian</ets> to dally, dandle.]</ety> <def>To leap; to caper; to romp noisily. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Hoity-toity</h1>
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<hw>Hoi"ty-toi`ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Hoit</er>.]</ety> <def>Thoughtless; giddy; flighty; also, haughty; patronizing; <as>as, to be in <ex>hoity-toity</ex> spirits, or to assume <ex>hoity-toity</ex> airs</as>; used also as an exclamation, denoting surprise or disapprobation, with some degree of contempt.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hoity-toity</b>! What have I to do with dreams?
<i>Congreve.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hokeday</h1>
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<hw>Hoke"day`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hockday</er>.</def>

<h1>Hoker</h1>
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<hw>Ho"ker</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/cor</ets>.]</ety> <def>Scorn; derision; abusive talk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Ho"ker*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hol</h1>
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<hw>Hol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Whole</er>.]</ety> <def>Whole.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hoiaspidean</h1>
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<hw>Hoi`as*pid"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Holo-</ets> + Gr.<?/, <?/, shield.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a single series of large scutes on the posterior side of the tarsus; -- said of certain birds.</def>

<h1>Holcad</h1>
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<hw>Hol"cad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>'olka`s</grk>, <grk>-a`dos</grk>, a ship which is towed, a ship of burden, fr. <grk>'e`lkein</grk> to draw. Gf. <er>Hulk</er>.]</ety> <def>A large ship of burden, in ancient Greece</def>.

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Hold</h1>
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<hw>Hold</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>hol</ets> hole, hollow. See <er>Hole</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The whole interior portion of a vessel below the lower deck, in which the cargo is stowed.</def>

<h1>Hold</h1>
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<hw>Hold</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Held</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Holding</er>. <er>Holden</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt>, is obs. in elegant writing, though still used in legal language.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>haldan</ets>, D. <ets>houden</ets>, OHG. <ets>hoten</ets>, Icel. <ets>halda</ets>, Dan. <ets>holde</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'86lla</ets>, <ets>Goth</ets>. <ets>haldan</ets> to feed, tend (the cattle); of unknown origin. Gf. <er>Avast</er>, <er>Halt</er>, <er>Hod</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to remain in a given situation, position, or relation, within certain limits, or the like; to prevent from falling or escaping; to sustain; to restrain; to keep in the grasp; to retain.</def>

<blockquote>The loops <b>held</b> one curtain to another.
<i>Ex. xxxvi. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thy right hand shall <b>hold</b> me.
<i>Ps. cxxxix. 10. </i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They all <b>hold</b> swords, being expert in war.
<i>Cant. iii. <?/</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In vain he seeks, that having can not <b>hold</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>France, thou mayst <b>hold</b> a serpent by the tongue, . . .
A fasting tiger safer by the tooth,
Than keep in peace that hand which thou dost <b>hold</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To retain in one's keeping; to maintain possession of, or authority over; not to give up or relinquish; to keep; to defend.</def>

<blockquote>We mean to <b>hold</b> what anciently we claim
Of deity or empire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To have; to possess; to be in possession of; to occupy; to derive title to; <as>as, to <ex>hold office</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>This noble merchant <b>held</b> a noble house.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Of him to <b>hold</b> his seigniory for a yearly tribute.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And now the strand, and now the plain, they <b>held</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To impose restraint upon; to limit in motion or action; to bind legally or morally; to confine; to restrain.</def>

<blockquote>We can not <b>hold</b> mortality's strong hand.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Death! what do'st? O,<b>hold</b> thy blow.
<i>Grashaw.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He hat not sufficient judgment and self-command to <b>hold</b> his tongue.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To maintain in being or action; to carry on; to prosecute, as a course of conduct or an argument; to continue; to sustain.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hold</b> not thy peace, and be not still.
<i>Ps. lxxxiii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Seedtime and harvest, heat and hoary frost,
Shall <b>hold</b> their course.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To prosecute, have, take, or join in, as something which is the result of united action; as to, <i>hold</i> a meeting, a festival, a session, etc.; hence, to direct and bring about officially; to conduct or preside at; <as>as, the general <ex>held</ex> a council of war; a judge <ex>holds</ex> a court; a clergyman <ex>holds</ex> a service.</as></def>

<blockquote>I would <b>hold</b> more talk with thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To receive and retain; to contain as a vessel; <as>as, this pail <ex>holds</ex> milk</as>; hence, to be able to receive and retain; to have capacity or containing power for.</def>

<blockquote>Broken cisterns that can <b>hold</b> no water.
<i>Jer. ii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>One sees more devils than vast hell can <b>hold</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To accept, as an opinion; to be the adherent of, openly or privately; to persist in, as a purpose; to maintain; to sustain.</def>

<blockquote>Stand fast and <b>hold</b> the traditions which ye have been taught.
<i>2 Thes. ii.15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But still he <b>held</b> his purpose to depart.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To consider; to regard; to esteem; to account; to think; to judge.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>hold</b> him but a fool.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I shall never <b>hold</b> that man my friend.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Lord will not <b>hold</b> him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.
<i>Ex. xx. 7. </i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To bear, carry, or manage; <as>as he <ex>holds</ex> himself erect; he <ex>holds</ex> his head high.</as></def>

<blockquote>Let him <b>hold</b> his fingers thus.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To hold a wager</col>, <cd>to lay or hazard a wager. <i>Swift</i>.</cd> -- <col>To hold forth</col>, <cd>to offer; to exhibit; to propose; to put forward. "The propositions which books <i>hold forth<i> and pretend to teach." <i>Locke</i>.</cd> -- <col>To held in</col>, <cd>to restrain; to curd.</cd> -- <col>To hold in hand</col>, <cd>to toy with; to keep in expectation; to have in one's power. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd>

<blockquote>O, fie! to receive favors, return falsehoods,
And <b>hold</b> a lady in <b>hand</b>.
<i>Beaw. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

--<col>To hold in play</col>, <cd>to keep under control; to dally with. <i>Macaulay</i>.</cd> -- <col>To hold off</col>, <cd>to keep at a distance.</cd> -- <col>To hold on</col>, <cd>to hold in being, continuance or position; as, <i>to hold</i> a rider <i>on</i>.</cd> -- <col>To hold one's day</col>, <cd>to keep one's appointment. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>To hold one's own</col>. <-- Note! There is no (b) in the original --><sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To keep good one's present condition absolutely or relatively; not to fall off, or to lose ground; as, a ship <i>holds her own</i> when she does not lose ground in a race or chase; a man <i>holds his own</i> when he does not lose strength or weight.</cd> -- <col>To hold one's peace</col>, <cd>to keep silence.</cd>- <col>To hold out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To extend; to offer.</cd> "Fortune <i>holds out</i> these to you as rewards." <i>B. Jonson</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To continue to do or to suffer; to endure. "He can not long <i>hold out</i> these pangs." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To hold up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To raise; to lift; as, <i>hold up</i> your head.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To support; to sustain.</cd> "He <i>holds</i> himself <i>up</i> in virtue."<i>Sir P. Sidney</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To exhibit; to display; as, he was <i>held up</i> as an example.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To rein in; to check; to halt; as, <i>hold up</i> your horses.</cd> -- <col>To hold water</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Literally, to retain water without leaking; hence (<mark>Fig</mark>.), to be whole, sound, consistent, without gaps or holes; -- commonly used in a negative sense; as, his statements will not <i>hold water</i>. <mark>[Collog.]</mark></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To hold the oars steady in the water, thus checking the headway of a boat.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hold</h1>
<Xpage=698>

<hw>Hold</hw>, <tt>n. i.</tt> <def>In general, to keep one's self in a given position or condition; to remain fixed. Hence:</def>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not to more; to halt; to stop;-mostly in the imperative.</def>

<blockquote>And damned be him that first cries, "<b>Hold</b>, enough!"
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not to give way; not to part or become separated; to remain unbroken or unsubdued.</def>

<blockquote>Our force by land hath nobly <b>held</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not to fail or be found wanting; to continue; to last; to endure a test or trial; to abide; to persist.</def>

<blockquote>While our obedience <b>holds</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The rule <b>holds</b> in land as all other commodities.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not to fall away, desert, or prove recreant; to remain attached; to cleave;-often with <i>with</i>, <i>to</i>, or <i>for</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He will <b>hold</b> to the one and despise the other.
<i>Matt. vi. 24</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To restrain one's self; to refrain.</def>

<blockquote>His dauntless heart would fain have <b>held</b>
From weeping, but his eyes rebelled.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To derive right or title; -- generally with <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>My crown is absolute, and <b>holds</b> of none.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His imagination <b>holds</b> immediately from nature.
<i>Hazlitt.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Hold on!</col> <col>Hold up!</col> <cd>wait; stop; forbear.</cd> <mark>[Collog]</mark> -- <col>To hold forth</col></mcol>, <cd>to speak in public; to harangue; to preach. <i>L'Estrange</i>.</cd> -- <col>To hold in</col>, <cd>to restrain one's self; as, he wanted to laugh and could hardly <i>hold in<i>.</cd> -- <col>To hold off</col>, <cd>to keep at a distance.</cd> -- <col>To hold on</col>, <cd>to keep fast hold; to continue; to go on. "The trade <i>held on<i> for many years," <i>Swift</i>.</cd> -- <col>To hold out</col>, <cd>to last; to endure; to continue; to maintain one's self; not to yield or give way.</cd> -- <col>To hold over</col>, <cd>to remain in office, possession, etc., beyond a certain date.</cd> -- <col>To hold to &or; with</col>, <cd>to take sides with, as a person or opinion.</cd> -- <col>To hold together</col>, <cd>to be joined; not to separate; to remain in union. <i>Dryden</i>. <i>Locke</i>.</cd> -- <col>To hold up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To support one's self; to remain unbent or unbroken; as, to <i>hold up<i> under misfortunes.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To cease raining; to cease to stop; as, it <i>holds up<i>. <i>Hudibras</i>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To keep up; not to fall behind; not to lose ground. <i>Collier</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hold</h1>
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<hw>Hold</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of holding, as in or with the hands or arms; the manner of holding, whether firm or loose; seizure; grasp; clasp; gripe; possession; -- often used with the verbs <i>take</i> and <i>lay</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Ne have I not twelve pence within mine <b>hold</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou should'st lay <b>hold</b> upon him.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My soul took <b>hold</b> on thee.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Take fast <b>hold</b> of instruction.
<i>Pror. iv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The authority or ground to take or keep; claim.</def>

<blockquote>The law hath yet another <b>hold</b> on you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Binding power and influence.</def>

<blockquote>Fear . . . by which God and his laws take the surest <b>hold of</b>.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Something that may be grasped; means of support.</def>

<blockquote>If a man be upon an high place without rails or good <b>hold</b>, he is ready to fall.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A place of confinement; a prison; confinement; custody; guard.</def>

<blockquote>They . . . put them in <b>hold</b> unto the next day.
<i>Acts. iv. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>King Richard, he is in the mighty <b>hold</b>
Of Bolingbroke.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A place of security; a fortified place; a fort; a castle; -- often called a <altname>stronghold</altname>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>New comers in an ancient <b>hold</b>
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A character [thus <?/] placed over or under a note or rest, and indicating that it is to be prolonged; -- called also <altname>pause</altname>, and <altname>corona</altname>.</def>

<h1>Holdback</h1>
<Xpage=698>

<hw>Hold"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Check; hindrance; restraint; obstacle.</def>

<blockquote>The only <b>holdback</b> is the affection . . . that we bear to our wealth.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The projection or loop on the thill of a vehicle. to which a strap of the harness is attached, to hold back a carriage when going down hill, or in backing; also, the strap or part of the harness so used.</def>

<h1>Holder</h1>
<Xpage=698>

<hw>Hold"er</hw>, <tt>(<?/)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is employed in the hold of a vessel.</def>

<h1>Holder</h1>
<Xpage=698>

<hw>Hold"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, holds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who holds land, etc., under another; a tenant.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The payee of a bill of exchange or a promissory note, or the one who owns or holds it.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Holder</i> is much used as the second part of a compound; as, share<i>holder</i>, office<i>holder</i>, stock<i>holder</i>,etc.</note>

<h1>Holder-forth</h1>
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<hw>Hold"er-forth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who speaks in public; an haranguer; a preacher.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Holdfast</h1>
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<hw>Hold"fast`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something used to secure and hold in place something else, as a long fiat-headed nail, a catch a hook, a clinch, a clamp, etc.; hence, a support.</def> "His <i>holdfast</i> was gone."

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A conical or branching body, by which a seaweed is attached to its support, and differing from a root in that it is not specially absorbent of moisture.</def>

<h1>Holding</h1>
<Xpage=698>

<hw>Hold"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of sustaining, grasping, or retaining.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tenure; a farm or other estate held of another.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which holds, binds, or influences.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The burden or chorus of a song.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Holding note</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a note sustained in one part, while the other parts move.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hole</h1>
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<hw>Hole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Whole.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hole</h1>
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<hw>Hole</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hol</ets>, <ets>hole</ets>, <ets>AS</ets>. <ets>hol</ets>, hole, cavern, from <ets>hol</ets>, a., <ets>hollow</ets>; <ets>akin to D</ets>. <ets>hol</ets>, OHG. <ets>hol</ets>, G. <ets>hohl</ets>, Dan.<ets>huul</ets> hollow, <ets>hul</ets> hole, Sw. <ets>h\'86l</ets>, Icel. <ets>hola</ets>; prob. from the root of AS. <ets>helan</ets> to conceal. See <er>Hele</er>, <er>Hell</er>, and cf. <er>Hold</er> of a ship.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hollow place or cavity; an excavation; a pit; an opening in or through a solid body, a fabric, etc.; a perforation; a rent; a fissure.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>holes</b> where eyes should be.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The blind walls
Were full of chinks and <b>holes</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The priest took a chest, and bored a <b>hole</b> in the lid.
<i>2 Kings xii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An excavation in the ground, made by an animal to live in, or a natural cavity inhabited by an animal; hence, a low, narrow, or dark lodging or place; a mean habitation.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>The foxes have <b>holes</b>, . . . but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head.
<i>Luke ix. 58.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Hollow; concavity; aperture; rent; fissure; crevice; orifice; interstice; perforation; excavation; pit; cave; den; cell.</syn>

<cs><col>Hole and corner</col>, <cd>clandestine, underhand. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "The wretched trickery of <i>hole</i> and <i>corner</i> buffery. " <i>Dickens</i>. -- <col>Hole board</col> <fld>(Fancy Weaving)</fld>, <cd>a board having holes through which cords pass which lift certain warp threads; -- called also <altname>compass board</altname>.</cd></cs>


<hr>
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Page 699<p>

<h1>Hole</h1>
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<hw>Hole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>holian</ets>. See <er>Hole</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut, dig, or bore a hole or holes in; <as>as, to <ex>hole</ex> a post for the insertion of rails or bars</as>.</def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To drive into a hole, as an animal, or a billiard ball.</def>

<h1>Hole</h1>
<Xpage=699>

<hw>Hole</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To go or get into a hole.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Holethnic</h1>
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<hw>Hol*eth"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a holethnos or parent race.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>holethnic</b> history of the Arians.
<i>London Academy.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Holethnos</h1>
<Xpage=699>

<hw>Hol*eth"nos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + Gr. <?/ race.]</ety> <def>A parent stock or race of people, not yet divided into separate branches or tribes.</def>

<h1>Holibut</h1>
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<hw>Hol"i*but</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Halibut</er>.</def>

<h1>Holidam</h1>
<Xpage=699>

<hw>Hol"i*dam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Halidom</er>.</def>

<h1>Holiday</h1>
<Xpage=699>

<hw>Hol"i*day</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Holy</ets> + <ets>day</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A consecrated day; religious anniversary; a day set apart in honor of some person, or in commemoration of some event. See <er>Holyday</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A day of exemption from labor; a day of amusement and gayety; a festival day.</def>

<blockquote>And young and old come forth to play
On a sunshine <b>holiday</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A day fixed by law for suspension of business; a legal holiday.</def>

<note>&hand; In the United States <i>legal holidays</i>, so called, are determined by law, commonly by the statutes of the several States. The holidays most generally observed are: the 22d day of February (Washington's birthday), the 30th day of May (Memorial day), the 4th day of July (Independence day), the 25th day of December (Christmas day). In most of the States the 1st day of January is a holiday. When any of these days falls on Sunday, usually the Monday following is observed as the holiday. In many of the States a day in the spring (as Good Friday, or the first Thursday in April), and a day in the fall (as the last Thursday in November) are now regularly appointed by Executive proclamation to be observed, the former as a day of fasting and prayer, the latter as a day of thanksgiving and are kept as holidays. In England, the days of the greater church feasts (designated in the calendar by a red letter, and commonly called <i>red-letter days</i>) are observed as general holidays. <i>Bank holidays</i> are those on which, by act of Parliament, banks may suspend business. Although Sunday is a holiday in the sense of a day when business is legally suspended, it is not usually included in the general term, the phrase "Sundays and holidays" being more common.</note>

<cs><col>The holidays</col>, <cd>any fixed or usual period for relaxation or festivity; especially, Christmas and New Year's day with the intervening time.</cd></cs>

<h1>Holiday</h1>
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<hw>Hol`i*day</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a festival; cheerful; joyous; gay.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Occurring rarely; adapted for a special occasion.</def>

<blockquote>Courage is but a <b>holiday</b> kind of virtue, to be seldom exercised.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Holily</h1>
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<hw>Ho"li*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Holy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Piously; with sanctity; in a holy manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sacredly; inviolably.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Holiness</h1>
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<hw>Ho"li*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h&amac;lignes</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being holy; perfect moral integrity or purity; freedom from sin; sanctity; innocence.</def>

<blockquote>Who is like thee, glorious in <b>holiness</b>!
<i>Ex. xv. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being hallowed, or consecrated to God or to his worship; sacredness.</def>

<blockquote>Israel was <b>holiness</b> unto the Lord.
<i>Jer.ii.3.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>His holiness</col>, <cd>a title of the pope; -- formerly given also to Greek bishops and Greek emperors.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Piety; devotion; godliness; sanctity; sacredness; righteousness.</syn>

<h1>Holing</h1>
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<hw>Hol"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hole</er> a hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Undercutting in a bed of coal, in order to bring down the upper mass.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Holla</h1>
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<hw>Hol"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hola</ets>; <ets>ho</ets> ho + <ets>l\'85</ets> there, fr. L. <ets>illac</ets> that way, there. Cf. <er>Hollo</er>.]</ety> <def>Hollo.</def>

<h1>Holla</h1>
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<hw>Hol"la</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hollaed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. &  vb.  n.</tt> <er>Hollaing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>See <er>Hollo</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<h1>Holland</h1>
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<hw>Hol"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of linen first manufactured in Holland; a linen fabric used for window shades, children's garments, etc.; <as>as, brown or unbleached <ex>hollands</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Hollander</h1>
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<hw>Hol"land*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or one of the people of Holland; a Dutchman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A very hard, semi-glazed, green or dark brown brick, which will not absorb water; -- called also, <altname>Dutch clinker</altname>.</def>

<i>Wagner.</i>

<h1>Hollandish</h1>
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<hw>Hol"land*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to Holland; Dutch.</def>

<h1>Hollands</h1>
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<hw>Hol"lands</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Gin made in Holland.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>See <er>Holland</er>.</def>

<h1>Hollo</h1>
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<hw>Hol*lo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj. & n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Halloo</er>, and cf. <er>Holla</er>.]</ety> <def>Ho there; stop; attend; hence, a loud cry or a call to attract attention; a halloo.</def>

<blockquote>And every day, for food or play,
Came to the mariner's <b>hollo</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hollo</h1>
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<hw>Hol"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Holloed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Holloing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Hollo</er>, <ets>intery</ets>., and cf. <er>Halloo</er>.]</ety> <def>To call out or exclaim; to halloo.</def>

<h1>Holloa</h1>
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<hw>Hol*loa"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt>, <tt>n. & v. i.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hollo</er>.</def>

<h1>Hollow</h1>
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<hw>Hol"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>holow</ets>, <ets>holgh</ets>, <ets>holf</ets>, AS. <ets>holh</ets> a hollow, hole. Cf. <er>Hole</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having an empty space or cavity, natural or artificial, within a solid substance; not solid; excavated in the interior; <as>as, a <ex>hollow</ex> tree; a <ex>hollow</ex> sphere.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Hollow</b> with boards shalt thou make it.
<i>Ex. xxvii. 8..</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Depressed; concave; gaunt; sunken.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>hollow</b> eye and wrinkled brow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Reverberated from a cavity, or resembling such a sound; deep; muffled; <as>as, a <ex>hollow</ex> roar</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not sincere or faithful; false; deceitful; not sound; <as>as, a <ex>hollow</ex> heart; a <ex>hollow</ex> friend.</as></def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>Hollow newel</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an opening in the center of a winding staircase in place of a newel post, the stairs being supported by the wall; an open newel; also, the stringpiece or rail winding around the well of such a staircase.</cd> -- <col>Hollow quoin</col> <fld>(Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a pier of stone or brick made behind the lock gates of a canal, and containing a hollow or recess to receive the ends of the gates.</cd> -- <col>Hollow root</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Moschatel</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hollow square</col>. <cd>See <er>Square</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hollow ware</col>, <cd>hollow vessels; -- a trade name for cast-iron kitchen utensils, earthenware, etc.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn.- Concave; sunken; low; vacant; empty; void; false; faithless; deceitful; treacherous.</syn>

<h1>Hollow</h1>
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<hw>Hol"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cavity, natural or artificial; an unfilled space within anything; a hole, a cavern; an excavation; as the <i>hollow</i> of the hand or of a tree.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A low spot surrounded by elevations; a depressed part of a surface; a concavity; a channel.</def>

<blockquote>Forests grew
Upon the barren <b>hollows</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I hate the dreadful <b>hollow</b> behind the little wood.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hollow</h1>
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<hw>Hol"low</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hollowed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hollowing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make hollow, as by digging, cutting, or engraving; to excavate.</def> "Trees rudely <i>hollowed</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Hollow</h1>
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<hw>Hol"low</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Wholly; completely; utterly; -- chiefly after the verb <i>to beat</i>, and often with <i>all</i>; <as>as, this story beats the other all <ex>hollow</ex></as>. See <er>All</er>, <tt>adv.</tt></def> <mark>[Collog.]</mark>

<blockquote>The more civilized so-called Caucasian races have beaten the Turks <b>hollow</b> in the struggle for existence.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hollow</h1>
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<hw>Hol*low"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hollo</er>.]</ety> <def>Hollo.</def>

<h1>Hollow</h1>
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<hw>Hol"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To shout; to hollo.</def>

<blockquote>Whisperings and <b>hollowings</b> are alike to a deaf ear.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hollow</h1>
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<hw>Hol"low</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To urge or call by shouting.</def>

<blockquote>He has <b>hollowed</b> the hounds.
<i>Sir W. Scott. </i></blockquote>

<h1>Hollow-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Hol"low-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Insincere; deceitful; not sound and true; having a cavity or decayed spot within.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Faithless; dishonest; false; treacherous.</syn>

<h1>Hollow-horned</h1>
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<hw>Hol"low-horned`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having permanent horns with a bony core, as cattle.</def>

<h1>Hollowly</h1>
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<hw>Hol"low*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Insincerely; deceitfully.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hollowness</h1>
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<hw>Hol"low*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>State of being hollow.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Insincerity; unsoundness; treachery.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Holly</h1>
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<hw>Hol"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Wholly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Holly</h1>
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<hw>Hol"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE <ets>holi</ets>, <ets>holin</ets>, AS. <ets>holen</ets>, <ets>holegn</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>hulst</ets>, OHG. <ets>huls hulis</ets>, W. <ets>celyn</ets>, Armor. <ets>kelen</ets>, Gael. <ets>cuilionn</ets>, Ir. <ets>cuileann</ets>. Cf. 1st <er>Holm</er>, <er>Hulver</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree or shrub of the genus <spn>Ilex</spn>. The European species (<spn>Ilex Aguifolium</spn>) is best known, having glossy green leaves, with a spiny, waved edge, and bearing berries that turn red or yellow about Michaelmas.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>holly</i> is much used to adorn churches and houses, at Christmas time, and hence is associated with scenes of good will and rejoicing. It is an evergreen tree, and has a finegrained, heavy, white wood. Its bark is used as a febrifuge, and the berries are violently purgative and emetic. The American holly is the <spn>Ilex opaca</spn>, and is found along the coast of the United States, from Maine southward.</note>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The holm oak. See 1st <er>Holm</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Holly-leaved oak</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the black scrub oak. See <er>Scrub oak</er>.</cd> -- <col>Holly rose</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a West Indian shrub, with showy, yellow flowers (<spn>Turnera ulmifolia</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Sea holly</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of Eryngium. See <er>Eryngium</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hollyhock</h1>
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<hw>Hol"ly*hock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>holihoc</ets>; <ets>holi holy + hoc</ets> mallow, AS. <ets>hoc</ets>; cf. W. <ets>hocys</ets> mallows, <ets>hocys bendigaid</ets> hollyhock, lit., blessed mallow. Prob. so named because brought from the Holy Land. See <er>Holy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of Alth\'91a (<spn>A. rosea</spn>), bearing flowers of various colors; -- called also <altname>rose mallow</altname>.</def>

<h1>Holm</h1>
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<hw>Holm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE., prob. from AS. <ets>holen</ets> holly; as the holly is also called <ets>holm</ets>.  See <er>Holly</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A common evergreen oak, of Europe (<spn>Quercus Ilex</spn>); -- called also <altname>ilex</altname>, and <altname>holly</altname>.</def>

<h1>Holm</h1>
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<hw>Holm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>holm</ets>, usually meaning, sea, water; akin to Icel. <ets>h&omac;lmr</ets>, <ets>holmr</ets>, an island, Dan. <ets>holm</ets>, Sw. <ets>holme</ets>, G. <ets>holm</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>hill</ets>.  Cf. <er>Hill</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An islet in a river.</def>

<i>J. Brand.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Low, flat land.</def>

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<blockquote>The soft wind blowing over meadowy <b>holms</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Holm thrush</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the missel thrush.</cd></cs>

<h1>Holmia</h1>
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<hw>Hol"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oxide of holmium.</def>

<h1>Holmium</h1>
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<hw>Hol"mi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., of uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare element said to be contained in gadolinite.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hol"mic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Holmos</h1>
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<hw>Hol"mos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Greek & Etrus. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A name given to a vase having a rounded body</def>; esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A closed vessel of nearly spherical form on a high stem or pedestal</def>. <i>Fairholt</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A drinking cup having a foot and stem.</def>

<h1>Holo-</h1>
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<hw>Hol"o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form fr. Gr. <grk>"o`los</grk> whole.</def>

<h1>Holoblast</h1>
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<hw>Hol"o*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>an ovum composed entirely of germinal matter. See <er>Meroblast</er>.</def>

<h1>Holoblastic</h1>
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<hw>Hol`o*blas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Undergoing complete segmentation; composed entirely of germinal matter, the whole of the yolk undergoing fission; -- opposed to <i>meroblastic</i>.</def>

<h1>Holocaust</h1>
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<hw>Hol"o*caust</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>holocaustum</ets>, Gr. <?/, neut. of <?/, <?/, burnt whole; <grk>"o'los</grk> whole + <grk>kaysto`s</grk> burnt, fr. <grk>kai`ein</grk> to burn (cf. <er>Caustic</er>): cf. F. <ets>holocauste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A burnt sacrifice; an offering, the whole of which was consumed by fire, among the Jews and some pagan nations.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sacrifice or loss of many lives, as by the burning of a theater or a ship. <note>[An extended use not authorized by careful writers.]</note></def>

<h1>Holocephali</h1>
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<hw>Hol`o*ceph"a*li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <grk>"o`los</grk> whole + <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of elasmobranch fishes, including, among living species, only the chim\'91ras; -- called also <altname>Holocephala</altname>. See <er>Chim\'91ra</er>; also <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Holocryptic</h1>
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<hw>Hol`o*cryp"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Holo</ets>-+ <ets>Gr</ets>. <ets><?/</ets> to conceal.]</ety> <def>Wholly or completely concealing; incapable of being deciphered.</def>

<cs><col>Holocryptic cipher</col>, <cd>a cipher so constructed as to afford no clew to its meaning to one ignorant of the key.</cd></cs>

<h1>Holocrystalline</h1>
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<hw>Hol`o*crys"tal*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + <ets>crystalline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Completely crystalline; -- said of a rock like granite, all the constituents of which are crystalline.</def>

<-- hologram. n. a photographic image giving the observer a seemingly three-dimensional view of the represented object.  The three-dimensional effect is produced by exposing a photographic recording medium to an interference pattern generated by a coherent beam of light (as from a laser) reflected from the subject, interacting with a beam directly from the source.  The full three-dimensional effect requires illumination of the image with coherent light, but less perfect three-dimensional effects may also be observed when the hologram is illuminated with white light. -->

<h1>Holograph</h1>
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<hw>Hol"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>holographus</ets> entirely autograph, Gr. <grk>"olo`grafos</grk>; <grk>"o`los</grk> whole + <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write: cf. F. <ets>holographe</ets>, <ets>olographe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A document, as a letter, deed, or will, wholly in the handwriting of the person from whom it proceeds and whose act it purports to be.</def>

<h1>Holographic</h1>
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<hw>Hol`o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of a holograph; pertaining to holographs.</def>

<h1>Holohedral</h1>
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<hw>Hol`o*he"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + Gr.<?/ seat, base, fr. <?/ to sit.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Having all the planes required by complete symmetry, -- in opposition to <i>hemihedral</i>.</def>

<h1>Holohemihedral</h1>
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<hw>Hol`o*hem`i*he"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Holo-</ets> + <ets>hemihedral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Presenting hemihedral forms, in which all the sectants have halt the whole number of planes.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Holometabola</h1>
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<hw>Hol`o*me*tab"o*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Holo-</er>, and <er>Metabola</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Those insects which have a complete metamorphosis; metabola.</def>

<h1>Holometabolic</h1>
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<hw>Hol`o*met`a*bol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a complete metamorphosis;-said of certain insects, as the butterflies and bees.</def>

<h1>Holometer</h1>
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<hw>Ho*lom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>holometre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for making of angular measurements.</def>

<h1>Holophanerous</h1>
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<hw>Hol`o*phan"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + Gr. <?/ visible, fr. <?/ to appear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Holometabolic</er>.</def>

<h1>Holophotal</h1>
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<hw>Hol`o*pho"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, light.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Causing no loss of light; -- applied to reflectors which throw back the rays of light without perceptible loss.</def>

<h1>Holophote</h1>
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<hw>Hol"o*phote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lamp with lenses or reflectors to collect the rays of light and throw them in a given direction; -- used in lighthouses.</def>

<h1>Holophrastic</h1>
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<hw>Hol`o*phras"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + Gr. <?/ to speak: cf. F. <ets>holophrastique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expressing a phrase or sentence in a single word, -- as is the case in the aboriginal languages of America.</def>

<h1>Holophytic</h1>
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<hw>Hol`o*phyt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + Gr.<?/ a plant.]</ety> <def>Wholly or distinctively vegetable.</def>

<cs><col>Holophytic nutrition</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <cd>that form of nutrition, characteristic of vegetable organisms, in which carbonic acid, ammonia, and nitrates are absorbed as food, in distinction from the animal mode of nutrition, by the ingestion of albuminous matter.</cd></cs>

<h1>Holorhinal</h1>
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<hw>Hol`o*rhi"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + Gr.<?/, nose.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the nasal bones contiguous.</def>

<h1>Holosiderite</h1>
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<hw>Hol`o*sid"er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + <ets>siderite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Meteoric iron; a meteorite consisting of metallic iron without stony matter.</def>

<h1>Holostean</h1>
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<hw>Ho*los"te*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Holostei.</def>

<h1>Holostei</h1>
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<hw>Ho*los"te*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"o`los</grk> whole + <?/ a bone.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive division of ganoids, including the gar pike, bowfin, etc.; the bony ganoids. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Holosteric</h1>
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<hw>Hol`o*ster"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + Gr.<grk>stereo`s</grk> solid.]</ety> <def>Wholly solid; -- said of a barometer constructed of solid materials to show the variations of atmospheric pressure without the use of liquids, as the aneroid.</def>

<h1>Holostomata</h1>
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<hw>Hol`o*stom"a*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"o`los</grk> whole + <grk>sto`ma</grk>, <grk>-atos</grk>, mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An artificial division of gastropods, including those that have an entire aperture.</def>

<h1>Holostomate</h1>
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<hw>Ho*los"to*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Holostomatous</er>.</def>

<h1>Holostomatous</h1>
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<hw>Hol`o*stom"a*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having an entire aperture; -- said of many univalve shells.</def>

<h1>Holostome</h1>
<Xpage=699>

<hw>Hol"o*stome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Holo</ets> + Gr. <grk>sto`ma</grk> mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Holostomata.</def>

<h1>Holostraca</h1>
<Xpage=699>

<hw>Ho*los"tra*ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ whole + <?/ shell of a testacean.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of phyllopod Crustacea, including those that are entirely covered by a bivalve shell.</def>

<h1>Holothure</h1>
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<hw>Hol"o*thure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>holothuria</ets>, pl., a sort of water polyp, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A holothurian.</def>

<h1>Holothurian</h1>
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<hw>Hol`o*thu"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>(<?/) Belonging to the Holothurioidea.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Holothurioidea.</def></def2>

<note>&hand; Some of the species of Holothurians are called <stype>sea cucumbers</stype>, <stype>sea slugs</stype>, <stype>trepang</stype>, and <stype>b\'88che de m\'8ar</stype>. Many are used as food, esp. by the Chinese. See <er>Trepang</er>.</note>

<h1>Holothurioidea</h1>
<Xpage=699>

<hw>Hol`o*thu`ri*oi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Holothure</er>, and <er>-oid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the classes of echinoderms.</def> <note>They have a more or less elongated body, often flattened beneath, and a circle of tentacles, which are usually much branched, surrounding the mouth; the skin is more or less flexible, and usually contains calcareous plates of various characteristic forms, sometimes becoming large and scalelike. Most of the species have five bands (ambulacra) of sucker-bearing feet along the sides; in others these are lacking. In one group (Pneumonophora) two branching internal gills are developed; in another (Apneumona) these are wanting. Called also <altname>Holothurida</altname>, <altname>Holothuridea</altname>, and <altname>Holothuroidea</altname>.</note>

<hr>
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<h1>Holotricha</h1>
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<hw>Ho*lot"ri*cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.<?/ whole + <?/, <?/, a hair.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of ciliated Infusoria, having cilia all over the body.</def>

<h1>Holour</h1>
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<hw>Hol"our</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.<ets>holier</ets>.]</ety> <def>A whoremonger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Holp, Holpen</h1>
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<hw><hw>Holp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hol"pen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Help</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Holsom</h1>
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<hw>Hol"som</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wholesome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Holster</h1>
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<hw>Hol"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>holster</ets>; skin to AS. <ets>heolstor</ets> den, cave, fr.<ets>helan</ets> to conceal, and to Icel. <ets>hulstr</ets> case, Goth.<ets>hulistr</ets> covering, veil, <ets>huljan</ets> to cover. &root;17. See <er>Hele</er> to cover, <er>Hell</er>, and cf. <er>Housing</er>, <er>Houss</er>.]</ety> <def>A leather case for a pistol, carried by a horseman at the bow of his saddle<--, or worn on the person suspended from a belt-->.</def>

<h1>Holstered</h1>
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<hw>Hol"stered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bearing holsters.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Holt</h1>
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<hw>Holt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>3d pers. sing. pres.</tt> of <er>Hold</er>, contr. from <i>holdeth</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Holt</h1>
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<hw>Holt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>holt</ets>; akin to LG.<ets>holt</ets>, D.<ets>hout</ets>, G. <ets>holz</ets>. Icel. <ets>holt</ets>; cf Gael. & Ir.<ets>coill</ets> wood, Gr. <?/ branch, shoot.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of woodland; especially, a woody hill.</def> "Every <i>holt</i> and heath."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>She sent her voice though all the holt
Before her, and the park.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A deep hole in a river where there is protection for fish; also, a cover, a hole, or hiding place.</def> " The fox has gone to <i>holt</i>."

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Holwe</h1>
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<hw>Hol"we</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hollow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Holy</h1>
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<hw>Ho"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Holier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Holiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>holi</ets>, <ets>hali</ets>, AS.<ets>h\'belig</ets>, fr. <ets>h\'91l</ets> health, salvation, happiness, fr. <ets>h\'bel</ets> whole, well; akin to OS. <ets>h<?/lag</ets>, D. & G.<ets>heilig</ets>, OHG. <ets>heilac</ets>, Dan. <ets>hellig</ets>, Sw. <ets>helig</ets>, Icel. <ets>heilagr</ets>. See <er>Whole</er>, and cf. <er>Halibut</er>, <er>Halidom</er>, <er>Hallow</er>, <er>Hollyhock</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Set apart to the service or worship of God; hallowed; sacred; reserved from profane or common use; <i>holy</i> vessels; a <i>holy</i> priesthood.</def> "<i>Holy</i> rites and solemn feasts."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Spiritually whole or sound; of unimpaired innocence and virtue; free from sinful affections; pure in heart; godly; pious; irreproachable; guiltless; acceptable to God.</def>

<blockquote>Now through her round of <b>holy</b> thought
The Church our annual steps has brought.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Holy Alliance</col> <fld>(Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a league ostensibly for conserving religion, justice, and peace in Europe, but really for repressing popular tendencies toward constitutional government, entered into by Alexander I. of Russia, Francis I. of Austria, and Frederic William III. of Prussia, at Paris, on the 26th of September, 1815, and subsequently joined by all the sovereigns of Europe, except the pope and the king of England.</cd> -- <col>Holy bark</col>. <cd>See <er>Cascara sagrada</er>.</cd> -- <col>Holy Communion</col>. <cd>See <er>Eucharist</er>.</cd> -- <col>Holy family</col> <fld>(Art)</fld>, <cd>a picture in which the infant Christ, his parents, and others of his family are represented.</cd> -- <col>Holy Father</col>, <cd>a title of the pope.</cd> -- <col>Holy Ghost</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>,<cd>the third person of the Trinity; the Comforter; the Paraclete.</cd> -- <col>Holy Grail</col>. <cd>See <er>Grail</er>.</cd> -- <col>Holy grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a sweet-scented grass (<spn>Hierochloa borealis</spn> and <spn>H. alpina</spn>). In the north of Europe it was formerly strewed before church doors on saints' days; whence the name. It is common in the northern and western parts of the United States. Called also <altname>vanilla, &or; Seneca, grass</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Holy Innocents' day</col>, <cd>Childermas day.</cd> -- <col>Holy Land</col>, <cd>Palestine, the birthplace of Christianity.</cd> -- <col>Holy office</col>, <cd>the Inquisition.</cd> -- <col>Holy of holies</col> <fld>(Script.)</fld>, <cd>the innermost apartment of the Jewish tabernacle or temple, where the ark was kept, and where no person entered, except the high priest once a year.</cd> -- <col>Holy One</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The Supreme Being; -- so called by way of emphasis. " The <i>Holy One<i> of Israel." <i>Is. xliii. 14</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>One separated to the service of God.</cd> -- <col>Holy orders</col>. <cd>See <er>Order</er>.</cd> -- <col>Holy rood</col>, <cd>the cross or crucifix, particularly one placed, in churches. over the entrance to the chancel.</cd> -- <col>Holy rope</col>, <cd>a plant, the hemp agrimony.</cd> -- <col>Holy Saturday</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>the Saturday immediately preceding the festival of Easter; the vigil of Easter.</cd> -- <col>Holy Spirit</col>, <cd>same as <cref>Holy Ghost</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Holy Spirit plant</col>. <cd>See <er>Dove plant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Holy thistle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the blessed thistle. See under <er>Thistle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Holy Thursday</col>. <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Episcopal Ch.)</fld> <cd>Ascension day.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <cd>The Thursday in Holy Week; Maundy Thursday.</cd> -- <col>Holy war</col>, <cd>a crusade; an expedition carried on by Christians against the Saracens in the Holy Land, in the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries, for the possession of the holy places.</cd> -- <col>Holy water</col> <fld>(Gr. & R. C. Churches)</fld>, <cd>water which has been blessed by the priest for sacred purposes.</cd> -- <col>Holy-water stoup</col>, <cd>the stone stoup or font placed near the entrance of a church, as a receptacle for holy water.</cd> -- <col>Holy Week</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>the week before Easter, in which the passion of our Savior is commemorated.</cd> -- <col>Holy writ</col>, <cd>the sacred Scriptures. " Word of <i>holy writ<i>." <i>Wordsworth</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Holy cross</h1>
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<hw>Ho"ly cross"</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>. <def>The cross as the symbol of Christ's crucifixion.</def>

<cs><col>Congregation of the Holy Cross</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>a community of lay brothers and priests, in France and the United States, engaged chiefly in teaching and manual Labor. Originally called <altname>Brethren of St. Joseph</altname>. The <i>Sisters of the Holy Cross<i> engage in similar work. <i>Addis & Arnold</i>.</cd> -- <col>Holy-cross day</col>, <cd>the fourteenth of September, observed as a church festival, in memory of the exaltation of our Savior's cross.</cd></cs>

<h1>Holyday</h1>
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<hw>Ho"ly*day`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A religious festival.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A secular festival; a holiday.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Holiday</i> is the preferable and prevailing spelling in the second sense. The spelling <i>holy day or holyday</i> in often used in the first sense.</note>

<h1>Holystone</h1>
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<hw>Ho"ly*stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A stone used by seamen for scrubbing the decks of ships.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Holystone</h1>
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<hw>Ho"ly*stone`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To scrub with a holystone, as the deck of a vessel.</def>

<h1>Homacanth</h1>
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<hw>Hom"a*canth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo</ets> + <ets>Gr</ets>.<ets><?/</ets> a spine.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the dorsal fin spines symmetrical, and in the same line; -- said of certain fishes.</def>

<h1>Homage</h1>
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<hw>Hom"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.<ets>homage</ets>, <ets>homenage</ets>, F. <ets>hommage</ets>, LL. <ets>hominaticum</ets>, <ets>homenaticum</ets>, from L. <ets>homo</ets> a man, LL. also, a client, servant, vassal; akin to L. <ets>humus</ets> earth, Gr.<?/ on the ground, and E. <ets>groom</ets> in bride<ets>groom</ets>. Cf. <er>Bridegroom</er>, <er>Human</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Feud. Law)</fld> <def>A symbolical acknowledgment made by a feudal tenant to, and in the presence of, his lord, on receiving investiture of fee, or coming to it by succession, that he was his <i>man</i>, or vassal; profession of fealty to a sovereign.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Respect or reverential regard; deference; especially, respect paid by external action; obeisance.</def>

<blockquote>All things in heaven and earth do her [Law] <b>homage</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I sought no <b>homage</b> from the race that write.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Reverence directed to the Supreme Being; reverential worship; devout affection.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Fealty; submission; reverence; honor; respect.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Homage</er>, <er>Fealty</er>.  <i>Homage</i> was originally the act of a feudal tenant by which he declared himself, on his knees, to be the <i>hommage</i> or bondman of the lord; hence the term is used to denote reverential submission or respect. <i>Fealty</i> was originally the <i>fidelity</i> of such a tenant to his lord, and hence the term denotes a faithful and solemn adherence to the obligations we owe to superior power or authority. We pay our <i>homage</i> to men of pre\'89minent usefulness and virtue, and profess our <i>fealty</i> to the principles by which they have been guided.</usage>

<blockquote>Go, go with <b>homage</b> yon proud victors meet !
Go, lie like dogs beneath your masters' feet !
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Man, disobeying,
Disloyal, breaks his <b>fealty</b>, and sins
Against the high supremacy of heaven.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Homage</h1>
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<hw>Hom"age</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Homaged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Homaging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>hommager</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pay reverence to by external action.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to pay homage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cowley.</i>

<h1>Homageable</h1>
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<hw>Hom"age*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>hommageable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Subject to homage.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Homager</h1>
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<hw>Hom"a*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Homage</er>: <er>cf</er>. <er>F</er>. <ets>hommager</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who does homage, or holds land of another by homage; a vassal.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Homalographic</h1>
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<hw>Hom`a*lo*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Homolographic</er>.</def>

<h1>Homaloid, Homaloidal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hom"a*loid</hw> <tt>(<hw>?</hw>)</tt>, <hw>Hom`a*loid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ even + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Flat; even; -- a term applied to surfaces and to spaces, whether real or imagined, in which the definitions, axioms, and postulates of Euclid respecting parallel straight lines are assumed to hold true.</def>

<h1>Homarus</h1>
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<hw>Hom"a*rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ well adjusted.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of decapod Crustacea, including the common lobsters.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hom"a*roid</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Homatropine</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mat"ro*pine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>atropine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid, prepared from atropine, and from other sources. It is chemically related to atropine, and is used for the same purpose.</def>

<h1>Homaxonial</h1>
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<hw>Hom`ax*o"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>Gr</ets>. <ets><?/</ets> an axle, axis.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to that kind of homology or symmetry, the mathematical conception of organic form, in which all axes are equal. See under <er>Promorphology</er>.</def>

<h1>Home</h1>
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<hw>Home</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Homelyn</er>.</def>

<h1>Home</h1>
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<hw>Home</hw> <tt>(110)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hom</ets>, <ets>ham</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'bem</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>hem</ets>, D. & G. <ets>heim</ets>, Sw. <ets>hem</ets>, Dan. <ets>hiem</ets>, Icel. <ets>heimr</ets> abode, world, <ets>heima</ets> home, Goth. <ets>haims</ets> village, Lith. <ets>k\'89mas</ets>, and perh. to Gr.<?/ village, or to E. <ets>hind</ets> a peasant; cf. Skr.<ets>ksh<?/ma</ets> abode, place of rest, security, <ets>kshi</ets> to dwell. <?/, <?/ ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One's own dwelling place; the house in which one lives; esp., the house in which one lives with his family; the habitual abode of one's family; also, one's birthplace.</def>

<blockquote>The disciples went away again to their own <b>home</b>.
<i>John xx. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Home</b> is the sacred refuge of our life.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Home</b>! <b>home</b>! sweet, sweet <b>home</b>!
There's no place like <b>home</b>.
<i>Payne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One's native land; the place or country in which one dwells; the place where one's ancestors dwell or dwelt.</def> "Our old <i>home</i> [England]."

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The abiding place of the affections, especially of the domestic affections.</def>

<blockquote>He entered in his house -- his <b>home</b> no more,
For without hearts there is no <b>home</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The locality where a thing is usually found, or was first found, or where it is naturally abundant; habitat; seat; <as>as, the <ex>home</ex> of the pine</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Her eyes are <b>homes</b> of silent prayer.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Flandria, by plenty made the <b>home</b> of war.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A place of refuge and rest; an asylum; <as>as, a <ex>home</ex> for outcasts; a <ex>home</ex> for the blind</as>; hence, esp., the grave; the final rest; also, the native and eternal dwelling place of the soul.</def>

<blockquote>Man goeth to his long <b>home</b>, and the mourners go about the streets.
<i>Eccl. xii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>The home base; he started for <ex>home</ex>.</def>

<cs><col>At home</col>.<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>At one's own house, or lodgings.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In one's own town or country; as, peace abroad and <ex>at home<ex>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>Prepared to receive callers.</cd> -- <col>Home department</col>, <cd>the department of executive administration, by which the internal affairs of a country are managed.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <col>To be at home on any subject</col>, <cd>to be conversant or familiar with it.</cd> -- <col>To feel at home</col>, <cd>to be at one's ease.</cd> -- <col>To make one's self at home</col>, <cd>to conduct one's self with as much freedom as if at home.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Tenement; house; dwelling; abode; domicile.</syn>

<h1>Home</h1>
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<hw>Home</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to one's dwelling or country; domestic; not foreign; <as>as <i>home</i> manufactures; <i>home</i> comforts</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Close; personal; pointed; <as>as, a <ex>home</ex> thrust</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Home base</col> <fld>(Baseball)</fld>, <cd>the base at which the batsman stands and which is the last goal in making a run.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Home farm</col>, <col>grounds</col></mcol>, etc., <cd>the farm, grounds, etc., adjacent to the residence of the owner.</cd> -- <col>Home lot</col>, <cd>an inclosed plot on which the owner's home stands.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Home rule</col></mcol>, <cd>rule or government of an appendent or dependent country, as to all local and internal legislation, by means of a governing power vested in the people within the country itself, in contradistinction to a government established by the dominant country; <as>as, <ex>home rule<ex> in Ireland</as>. Also used adjectively; as, <i>home-rule<i> members of Parliament.</cd> -- <col>Home ruler</col>, <cd>one who favors or advocates home rule.</cd> -- <col>Home run</col> <fld>(Baseball)</fld>, <cd>a complete circuit of the bases made before the batted ball is returned to the home base.</cd> -- <col>Home stretch</col> <fld>(Sport.)</fld>, <cd>that part of a race course between the last curve and the winning post.</cd> -- <col>Home thrust</col>, <cd>a well directed or effective thrust; one that wounds in a vital part; hence, in controversy, a personal attack.</cd></cs>

<h1>Home</h1>
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<hw>Home</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To one's home or country; <as>as in the phrases, go <ex>home</ex>, come <ex>home</ex>, carry <ex>home</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Close; closely.</def>

<blockquote>How <b>home</b> the charge reaches us, has been made out.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They come <b>home</b> to men's business and bosoms.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To the place where it belongs; to the end of a course; to the full length; <as>as, to drive a nail <ex>home</ex>; to ram a cartridge <ex>home</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Wear thy good rapier bare and put it <b>home</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Home</i> is often used in the formation of compound words, many of which need no special definition; as, <i>home</i>-brewed, <i>home</i>-built, <i>home-grown</i>, <i>etc.</i></note>

<cs><col>To bring home</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bring</er>.</cd> -- <col>To come home</col>.<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To touch or affect personally. See under <er>Come</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To drag toward the vessel, instead of holding firm, as the cable is shortened; -- said of an anchor.</cd> -- <col>To haul home the sheets of a sail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to haul the clews close to the sheave hole.</cd></cs>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Homeborn</h1>
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<hw>Home"born`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Native; indigenous; not foreign.</def>

<i>Donne. Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the home or family.</def>

<blockquote>Fireside enjoyments, <b>homeborn</b> happiness.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Home-bound</h1>
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<hw>Home"-bound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Kept at home.</def>

<h1>Home-bred</h1>
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<hw>Home"-bred`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bred at home; domestic; not foreign.</def> " <i>Home-bred</i> mischief."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Benignity and <b>home-bred</b> sense.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not polished; rude; uncultivated.</def>

<blockquote>Only to me <b>home-bred</b> youths belong.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Home-coming</h1>
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<hw>Home-com`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Return home.</def>

<blockquote>Kepeth this child, al be it foul or fayr,
And eek my wyf, unto myn <b>hoom-cominge</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Home-driven</h1>
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<hw>Home"-driv`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Driven to the end, as a nail; driven close.</def>

<h1>Home-dwelling</h1>
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<hw>Home"-dwell`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Keeping at home.</def>

<h1>Home-felt</h1>
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<hw>Home"-felt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Felt in one's own breast; inward; private. "<i>Home-felt</i> quiet.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Homefield</h1>
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<hw>Home"field`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Afield adjacent to its owner's home.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Home-keeping</h1>
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<hw>Home"-keep`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Staying at home; not gadding.</def>

<blockquote><b>Home-keeping</b> youth have ever homely wits.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Home-keeping</h1>
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<hw>Home"-keep`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A staying at home.</def>

<h1>Homeless</h1>
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<hw>Home"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS.<ets>h\'bemleas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Destitute of a home.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Home"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Homelike</h1>
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<hw>Home"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a home; comfortable; cheerful; cozy; friendly.</def>

<h1>Homelily</h1>
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<hw>Home"li*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Plainly; inelegantly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Homeliness</h1>
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<hw>Home"li*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Homely</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Domesticity; care of home.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Wifely <i>homeliness</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Familiarity; intimacy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Plainness; want of elegance or beauty.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Coarseness; simplicity; want of refinement; <as>as, the <ex>homeliness</ex> of manners, or language</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Homeling</h1>
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<hw>Home"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person or thing belonging to a home or to a particular country; a native; <as>as, a word which is a <ex>homeling</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Trench.</i>

<h1>Homely</h1>
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<hw>Home"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Homelier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Homeliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Home</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to, or having the characteristics of, home; domestic; familiar; intimate.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>With all these men I was right <b>homely</b>, and communed with, them long and oft.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their <b>homely</b> joys, and destiny obscure.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Plain; unpretending; rude in appearance; unpolished; <as>as, a <ex>homely</ex> garment; a <ex>homely</ex> house; <ex>homely</ex> fare; <ex>homely</ex> manners.</as></def>

<blockquote>Now Strephon daily entertains
His Chloe in the <b>homeliest</b> strains.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of plain or coarse features; uncomely; -- contrary to <i>handsome</i>.</def>

<blockquote>None so <b>homely</b> but loves a looking-glass.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Homely</h1>
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<hw>Home"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Plainly; rudely; coarsely; <as>as, <ex>homely</ex> dressed</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Homelyn</h1>
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<hw>Home"lyn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Scot</ets>. <ets>hommelin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>The European sand ray (<spn>Raia maculata</spn>); -- called also <altname>home</altname>, <altname>mirror ray</altname>, and <altname>rough ray</altname>.</def>

<h1>Homemade</h1>
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<hw>Home"made`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made at home; of domestic manufacture; made either in a private family or in one's own country.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Homeopath</h1>
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<hw>Ho"me*o*path</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hom</ets>\'82<ets>opathe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A practitioner of homeopathy.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>homoeopath</asp>.]</altsp>

<hr>
<page="701">
Page 701<p>

<h1>Homeopathic</h1>
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<hw>Ho`me*o*path"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hom\'82opathique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to homeopathy; according to the principles of homeopathy.</def> <altsp>[Also <asp>hom\'d2pathic</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Homeopathically</h1>
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<hw>Ho`me*o*path"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to the practice of homeopathy.</def> <altsp>[Also <asp>hom\'d2pathically</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Homeopathist</h1>
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<hw>Ho`me*op"a*thist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A believer in, or practitioner of, homeopathy.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hom\'d2pathist</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Homeopathy</h1>
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<hw>Ho*me*op"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ likeness of condition or feeling; <?/ like (fr. <?/ same; cf. <er>Same</er>) + <?/ to suffer: cf. F. <ets>hom\'82opathie</ets>. See <er>Pathos</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The art of curing, founded on resemblances; the theory and its practice that disease is cured (<i>tuto</i>, <i>cito</i>, <i>et jucunde</i>) by remedies which produce on a healthy person effects similar to the symptoms of the complaint under which the patient suffers, the remedies being usually administered in minute doses. This system was founded by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, and is opposed to <i>allopathy</i>, or <i>heteropathy</i>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hom\'d2pathy</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Homer</h1>
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<hw>Hom"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carrier pigeon remarkable for its ability to return home from a distance.</def>

<h1>Homer</h1>
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<hw>Ho"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hoemother</er>.</def>

<h1>Homer</h1>
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<hw>Ho"mer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>kh\'d3mer</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Hebrew measure containing, as a liquid measure, ten baths, equivalent to fifty-five gallons, two quarts, one pint; and, as a dry measure, ten ephahs, equivalent to six bushels, two pecks, four quarts.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chomer</asp>, <asp>gomer</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Homeric</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mer"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Homericus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Homer, the most famous of Greek poets; resembling the poetry of Homer.</def>

<cs><col>Homeric verse</col>, <cd>hexameter verse; -- so called because used by Homer in his epics.</cd></cs>

<h1>Homesick</h1>
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<hw>Home"sick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pining for home; in a nostalgic condition.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Home"sick`ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Home-speaking</h1>
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<hw>Home"-speak`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Direct, forcible, and effective speaking.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Homespun</h1>
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<hw>Home"spun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Spun or wrought at home; of domestic manufacture; coarse; plain.</def> "<i>Homespun</i> country garbs."

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Plain in manner or style; not elegant; rude; coarse.</def>  "Our <i>homespun</i> English proverb." <i>Dryden</i>. "Our <i>homespun</i> authors." <i>Addison</i>.

<h1>Homespun</h1>
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<hw>Home"spun</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cloth made at home; <as>as, he was dressed in <ex>homespun</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An unpolished, rustic person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Homestall</h1>
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<hw>Home"stall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h\'bemsteall</ets>.]</ety> <def>Place of a home; homestead.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Homestead</h1>
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<hw>Home"stead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h\'bemstede</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The home place; a home and the inclosure or ground immediately connected with it.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The home or seat of a family; place of origin.</def>

<blockquote>We can trace them back to a <b>homestead</b> on the Rivers Volga and Ural.
<i>W. Tooke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The home and appurtenant land and buildings owned by the head of a family, and occupied by him and his family.</def>

<cs><col>Homestead law</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A law conferring special privileges or exemptions upon owners of homesteads; esp., a law exempting a homestead from attachment or sale under execution for general debts. Such laws, with limitations as to the extent or value of the property, exist in most of the States. Called also <altname>homestead exemption law</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Also, a designation of an Act of Congress authorizing and regulating the sale of public lands, in parcels of 160 acres each, to actual settlers. <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Homesteader</h1>
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<hw>Home"stead*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who has entered upon a portion of the public land with the purpose of acquiring ownership of it under provisions of the homestead law, so called; one who has acquired a homestead in this manner.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Homeward</h1>
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<hw>Home"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being in the direction of home; <as>as, the <ex>homeward</ex> way</as>.</def>

<h1>Homeward, Homewards</h1>
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<hw><hw>Home"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Home"wards</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h\'bemweard</ets>.]</ety> <def>Toward home; in the direction of one's house, town, or country.</def>

<cs><col>Homeward bound</col>, <cd>bound for home; going homeward; <as>as, the <ex>homeward bound<ex> fleet</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Homicidal</h1>
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<hw>Hom"i*ci`dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to homicide; tending to homicide; murderous.</def>

<h1>Homicide</h1>
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<hw>Hom"i*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>homicidium</ets>, fr. <ets>homicida</ets> a man slayer; <ets>homo</ets> man + <ets>caedere</ets> to cut, kill. See <er>Homage</er>, and cf. <er>Concise</er>, <er>Shed</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The killing of one human being by another.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Homicide</i> is of three kinds: <i>justifiable</i>, as when the killing is performed in the exercise of a right or performance of a duty; <i>excusable</i>, as when done, although not as duty or right, yet without culpable or criminal intent; and <i>felonious</i>, or involving what the law terms malice; the latter may be either manslaughter or murder. <i>Bouvier</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who kills another; a manslayer.</def>

<i>Chaucer. Shak.</i>

<h1>Homiform</h1>
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<hw>Hom"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>homo</ets> man + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>In human form.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Homilete</h1>
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<hw>Hom"i*lete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A homilist.</def>

<h1>Homiletic, Homiletical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hom`i*let"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hom`i*let"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>homil\'82tique</ets>. See <er>Homily</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to familiar intercourse; social; affable; conversable; companionable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>His virtues active, chiefly, and <b>homiletical</b>, not those lazy, sullen ones of the cloister.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to homiletics; hortatory.</def>

<h1>Homiletics</h1>
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<hw>Hom`i*let"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>homil\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of preaching; that branch of theology which treats of homilies or sermons, and the best method of preparing and delivering them.</def>

<h1>Homilist</h1>
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<hw>Hom"i*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who prepares homilies; one who preaches to a congregation.</def>

<h1>Homilite</h1>
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<hw>Hom"i*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ to be in company with.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A borosilicate of iron and lime, near datolite in form and composition.</def>

<h1>Homily</h1>
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<hw>Hom"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Homilies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>homilia</ets>, Gr. <?/ communion, assembly, converse, sermon, fr. <?/ an assembly, fr. <?/ same; cf. <?/ together, and <?/ crowd, cf. <?/ to press: cf. F. <ets>hom\'82lie</ets>. See <er>Same</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A discourse or sermon read or pronounced to an audience; a serious discourse.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A serious or tedious exhortation in private on some moral point, or on the conduct of life.</def>

<blockquote>As I have heard my father
Deal out in his long <b>homilies</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Book of Homilies</col>. <cd>A collection of authorized, printed sermons, to be read by ministers in churches, esp. one issued in the time of Edward VI., and a second, issued in the reign of Elizabeth; -- both books being certified to contain a "godly and wholesome doctrine."</cd></cs>

<h1>Homing</h1>
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<hw>Hom"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Home-returning; -- used specifically of carrier pigeons.</def>

<h1>Hominy</h1>
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<hw>Hom"i*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From North American Indian <ets>auh\'a3minea</ets> parched corn.]</ety> <def>Maize hulled and broken, and prepared for food by being boiled in water.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>homony</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Homish</h1>
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<hw>Hom"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a home or a home circle.</def>

<blockquote>Quiet, cheerful, <b>homish</b> hospital life.
<i>E. E. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hommock</h1>
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<hw>Hom"mock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small eminence of a conical form, of land or of ice; a knoll; a hillock. See <er>Hummock</er>.</def>

<i>Bartram.</i>

<h1>Hommocky</h1>
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<hw>Hom"mock*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Filled with hommocks; piled in the form of hommocks; -- said of ice.</def>

<h1>Homo-</h1>
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<hw>Ho"mo-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form from Gr. <grk>"omo`s</grk>, <i>one and the same</i>, <i>common</i>, <i>joint</i>.</def>

<h1>Homocategoric</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*cat`e*gor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>categoric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the same category of individuality; -- a morphological term applied to organisms so related.</def>

<h1>Homocentric</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*cen"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: <?/ the same + <?/ center: cf. F. <ets>homocentrique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the same center.</def>

<h1>Homocercal</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*cer"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the tail nearly or quite symmetrical, the vertebral column terminating near its base; -- opposed to <i>heterocercal</i>.</def>

<h1>Homocercy</h1>
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<hw>Ho"mo*cer`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The possession of a homocercal tail.</def>

<h1>Homocerebrin</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*cer`e*brin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>rebrin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A body similar to, or identical with, cerebrin.</def>

<h1>Homochromous</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*chro"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having all the florets in the same flower head of the same color.</def>

<h1>Homodemic</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*dem"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + 1st <ets>deme</ets>, 2.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A morphological term signifying development, in the case of multicellular organisms, from the same unit deme or unit of the inferior orders of individuality.</def>

<h1>Homodermic</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*der"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to homodermy; originating from the same germ layer.</def>

<h1>Homodermy</h1>
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<hw>Ho"mo*der`my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + -<ets>derm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Homology of the germinal layers.</def>

<h1>Homodont</h1>
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<hw>Hom"o*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having all the teeth similar in front, as in the porpoises; -- opposed to <i>heterodont</i>.</def>

<h1>Homodromal, Homodromous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ho*mod"ro*mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ho*mod"ro*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a course, running.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Running in the same direction; -- said of stems twining round a support, or of the spiral succession of leaves on stems and their branches.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Moving in the same direction; -- said of a lever or pulley in which the resistance and the actuating force are both on the same side of the fulcrum or axis.</def>

<h1>Homodynamic</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*dy*nam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Homodynamous.</def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<h1>Homodynamous</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*dy"na*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or involving, homodynamy; <as>as, successive or <ex>homodynamous</ex> parts in plants and animals</as>.</def>

<h1>Homodynamy</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*dy"na*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of like power; <?/ the same + <?/ power.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The homology of metameres. See <er>Metamere</er>.</def>

<i>Gegenbaur.</i>

<h1>Hom\'d2omeria</h1>
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<hw>Ho`m\'d2*o*me"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/; <?/ like + <?/ part.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being homogeneous in elements or first principles; likeness or identity of parts.</def>

<h1>Hom\'d2omeric, Hom\'d2omerical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ho`m\'d2*o*mer"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ho`m\'d2*o*mer"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, sameness of parts; receiving or advocating the doctrine of homogeneity of elements or first principles.</def>

<h1>Hom\'d2omerous</h1>
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<hw>Ho`m\'d2*om"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the main artery of the leg parallel with the sciatic nerve; -- said of certain birds.</def>

<h1>Hom\'d2omery</h1>
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<hw>Ho`m\'d2*om"e*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ like + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Hom\'d2omeria</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Hom\'d2omorphism</h1>
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<hw>Ho`m\'d2*o*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hom\'d2omorphous</er>.]</ety> <def>A near similarity of crystalline forms between unlike chemical compounds. See <er>Isomorphism</er>.</def>

<h1>Hom\'d2omorphous</h1>
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<hw>Ho`m\'d2*o*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of like form; <?/ like + <?/ form.]</ety> <def>Manifesting hom\'d2omorphism.</def>

<mhw><h1>Hom\'d2opathic, a., Hom\'d2opathist, n., Hom\'d2opathy</h1>
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<hw>Ho`m\'d2*o*path"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>Ho`m\'d2*op"a*thist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Ho`m\'d2*op"a*thy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt></mhw> <def>Same as <er>Homeopathic</er>, <er>Homeopathist</er>, <er>Homeopathy</er>.</def>

<h1>Hom\'d2othermal</h1>
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<hw>Ho`m\'d2*o*ther"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Homoiothermal</er>.</def>

<h1>Hom\'d2ozoic</h1>
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<hw>Ho`m\'d2*o*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ like + <?/ life.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or including, similar forms or kinds of life; <as>as, <ex>hom\'d2ozoic</ex> belts on the earth's surface</as>.</def>

<i>E. Forbes.</i>

<h1>Homogamous</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mog"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ married together; <?/ the same + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having all the flowers alike; -- said of such composite plants as Eupatorium, and the thistels.</def>

<h1>Homogamy</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mog"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The condition of being homogamous.</def>

<h1>Homogangliate</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*gan"gli*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>gangliate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the ganglia of the nervous system symmetrically arranged, as in certain invertebrates; -- opposed to <i>heterogangliate</i>.</def>

<h1>Homogene</h1>
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<hw>Ho"mo*gene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>homog\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <def>Homogeneous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Homogeneal</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*ge"ne*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Homogeneous.</def>

<h1>Homogenealness</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*ge"ne*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Homogeneousness.</def>

<h1>Homogeneity</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*ge*ne"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>homog\'82n\'82it\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Homogeneousness</er>.</def>

<h1>Homogeneous</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*ge"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ the same + <?/ race, kind: cf. F. <ets>homog\'8ane</ets>. See <er>Same</er>, and <er>Kin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of the same kind of nature; consisting of similar parts, or of elements of the like nature; -- opposed to <i>heterogeneous</i>; <as>as, <ex>homogeneous</ex> particles, elements, or principles; <ex>homogeneous</ex> bodies.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>Possessing the same number of factors of a given kind; <as>as, a <ex>homogeneous</ex> polynomial</as>.</def>

<h1>Homogeneousness</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*ge"ne*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sameness 9kind or nature; uniformity of structure or material.</def>

<h1>Homogenesis</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That method of reproduction in which the successive generations are alike, the offspring, either animal or plant, running through the same cycle of existence as the parent; gamogenesis; -- opposed to <i>heterogenesis</i>.</def>

<h1>Homogenetic</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Homogenous; -- applied to that class of homologies which arise from similarity of structure, and which are taken as evidences of common ancestry.</def>

<h1>Homogenous</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having a resemblance in structure, due to descent from a common progenitor with subsequent modification; homogenetic; -- applied both to animals and plants. See <er>Homoplastic</er>.</def>

<h1>Homogeny</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ the same + <?/ race, kind.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Joint nature.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The correspondence of common descent; -- a term used to supersede <i>homology</i> by Lankester, who also used <i>homoplasy</i> to denote any superinduced correspondence of position and structure in parts embryonically distinct (other writers using the term <i>homoplasmy</i>). Thus, there is <i>homogeny</i> between the fore limb of a mammal and the wing of a bird; but the right and left ventricles of the heart in both are only in <i>homoplasy</i> with each other, these having arisen independently since the divergence of both groups from a univentricular ancestor.</def>

<h1>Homogonous</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mog"o*nous</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Homogeneous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having all the flowers of a plant alike in respect to the stamens and pistils.</def>

<h1>Homogony</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mog"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The condition of having homogonous flowers.</def>

<h1>Homograph</h1>
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<hw>Hom"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"omo`grafos</grk> with the same letters; <grk>"omo`s</grk> the same + <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write.]</ety> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>One of two or more words identical in orthography, but having different derivations and meanings; <as>as, <ex>fair</ex>, <tt>n.</tt>, a market, and <ex>fair</ex>, <tt>a.</tt>, beautiful</as>.</def>

<h1>Homographic</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Employing a single and separate character to represent each sound; -- said of certain methods of spelling words.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Possessing the property of homography.</def>

<h1>Homography</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That method of spelling in which every sound is represented by a single character, which indicates that sound and no other.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A relation between two figures, such that to any point of the one corresponds one and but one point in the other, and vise versa. Thus, a tangent line rolling on a circle cuts two fixed tangents of the circle in two sets of points that are homographic.</def>

<h1>Homoioptoton</h1>
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<hw>Ho*moi`op*to"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ in a like case; <?/ like + <?/ falling.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure in which the several parts of a sentence end with the same case, or inflection generally.</def>

<h1>Homoiothermal</h1>
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<hw>Ho*moi`o*ther"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ like + E. <ets>thermal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Maintaining a uniform temperature; h\'91matothermal; homothermic; -- applied to warm-bodied animals, because they maintain a nearly uniform temperature in spite of the great variations in the surrounding air; in distinct from the cold-blooded (<i>poikilothermal</i>) animals, whose body temperature follows the variations in temperature of the surrounding medium.</def>

<h1>Homoiousian</h1>
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<hw>Ho`moi*ou"si*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, of like substance; <grk>"o`moios</grk> + <grk>o'ysi`a</grk> the substance, being, essence.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the semi-Arians of the 4th century, who held that the Son was of like, but not the same, essence or substance with the Father; -- opposed to <i>homoousian</i>.</def>

<h1>Homoiousian</h1>
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<hw>Ho`moi*ou"si*an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Homoiousians, or their belief.</def>

<h1>Homologate</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mol"o*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Homologated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Homologating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>homologatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>homologare</ets> to homologate; Gr. <?/ to assent, agree. See <er>Homologous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Civ. Law)</fld> <def>To approve; to allow; to confirm; <as>as, the court <ex>homologates</ex> a proceeding</as>.</def>

<i>Wheaton.</i>

<h1>Homologation</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mol`o*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>homologation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Civ. & Scots Law)</fld> <def>Confirmation or ratification (as of something otherwise null and void), by a court or a grantor.</def>

<h1>Homological</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to homology; having a structural affinity proceeding from, or base upon, that kind of relation termed <i>homology</i>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ho`mo*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Homologinic</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mol`o*gin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, homology; <as>as, <ex>homologinic</ex> qualities, or differences</as>.</def>

<h1>Homologize</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mol"o*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To determine the homologies or structural relations of.</def>

<h1>Homologon</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mol"o*gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Homologue</er>.</def>

<h1>Homologoumena</h1>
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<hw>Hom`o*lo*gou"me*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ things conceded, p.p. of <?/ to agree, admit, concede. See <er>Homologous</er>.]</ety> <def>Those books of the New Testament which were acknowledged as canonical by the early church; -- distinguished from <i>antilegomena</i>.</def>

<h1>Homologous</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mol"o*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ assenting, agreeing; <?/ the same + <?/ speech, discourse, proportion, <?/ to say, speak.]</ety> <def>Having the same relative position, proportion, value, or structure</def>. Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Corresponding in relative position and proportion.</def>

<blockquote>In similar polygons, the corresponding sides, angles, diagonals, etc., are <b>homologous</b>.
<i>Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ).</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>Having the same relative proportion or value, as the two antecedents or the two consequents of a proportion</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Characterized by homology; belonging to the same type or series; corresponding in composition and properties</def>. See <er>Homology</er>, <p><b>3</b>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Being of the same typical structure; having like relations to a fundamental type to structure; as, those bones in the hand of man and the fore foot of a horse are <i>homologous</i> that correspond in their structural relations, that is, in thier relations to the type structure of the fore limb in vertebrates</def>.

<cs><col>Homologous stimulus</col>. <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Stimulus</er>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="702">
Page 702<p>

<h1>Homolographic</h1>
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<hw>Hom`o*lo*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ whole + -<ets>graph</ets> + -<ets>ic</ets>; but cf. F. <ets>homalographique</ets>, Gr. <?/ even, level.]</ety> <def>Preserving the mutual relations of parts, especially as to size and form; maintaining relative proportion.</def>

<cs><col>Homolographic projection</col>, <cd>a method of constructing geographical charts or maps, so that the surfaces, as delineated on a plane, have the same relative size as the real surfaces; that is, so that the relative actual areas of the different countries are accurately represented by the corresponding portions of the map.</cd></cs>

<h1>Homologue</h1>
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<hw>Hom"o*logue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>homologue</ets>. See <er>Homologous</er>.]</ety> <def>That which is homologous to something else; <as>as, the corresponding sides, etc., of similar polygons are the <ex>homologues</ex> of each other; the members or terms of an homologous series in chemistry are the <ex>homologues</ex> of each other; one of the bones in the hand of man is the <ex>homologue</ex> of that in the paddle of a whale.</as></def>

<h1>Homology</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ agreement. See <er>Homologous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being homologous; correspondence; relation; <as>as, the <ex>homology</ex>of similar polygons</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Correspondence or relation in type of structure in contradistinction to similarity of function; as, the relation in structure between the leg and arm of a man; or that between the arm of a man, the fore leg of a horse, the wing of a bird, and the fin of a fish, all these organs being modifications of one type of structure.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Homology</i> indicates genetic relationship, and according to Haeckel special homology should be defined in terms of identity of embryonic origin. See <er>Homotypy</er>, and <er>Homogeny</er>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The correspondence or resemblance of substances belonging to the same type or series; a similarity of composition varying by a small, regular difference, and usually attended by a regular variation in physical properties; <as>as, there is an <ex>homology</ex> between methane, <chform>CH4</chform>, ethane, <chform>C2H6</chform>, propane, <chform>C3H8</chform>, etc.</as>, all members of the paraffin series. In an extended sense, the term is applied to the relation between chemical elements of the same group; <as>as, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are said to be in <ex>homology</ex> with each other</as>. Cf. <er>Heterology</er>.</def>

<cs><col>General homology</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the higher relation which a series of parts, or a single part, bears to the fundamental or general type on which the group is constituted.</cd> <i>Owen</i>. -- <col>Serial homology</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>representative or repetitive relation in the segments of the same organism, -- as in the lobster, where the parts follow each other in a straight line or series.</cd> <i>Owen</i>. See <er>Homotypy</er>. -- <col>Special homology</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the correspondence of a part or organ with those of a different animal, as determined by relative position and connection.</cd> <i>Owen</i>.</cs>

<h1>Homomallous</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mom"al*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a lock of wool.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Uniformly bending or curving to one side; -- said of leaves which grow on several sides of a stem.</def>

<h1>Homomorphic, Homomorphous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ho`mo*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ho`mo*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the same + <?/ shape.]</ety> <def>Characterized by homomorphism.</def>

<h1>Homomorphism</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Homomorphous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Homomorphy</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The possession, in one species of plants, of only one kind of flowers; -- opposed to <i>heteromorphism</i>, <i>dimorphism</i>, and <i>trimorphism</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The possession of but one kind of larv\'91 or young, as in most insects.</def>

<-- 4. (Math) A special type of mapping of one mathematical set into or onto another set . . . -->

<h1>Homomorphy</h1>
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<hw>Ho"mo*mor`phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Similarity of form; resemblance in external characters, while widely different in fundamental structure; resemblance in geometric ground form. See <er>Homophyly</er>, <er>Promorphology</er>.</def>

<h1>Homonomous</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mon"o*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to homonomy.</def>

<h1>Homonomy</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mon"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ law.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The homology of parts arranged on transverse axes.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<h1>Homonym</h1>
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<hw>Hom"o*nym</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>homonyme</ets>. See <er>Homonymous</er>.]</ety> <def>A word having the same sound as another, but differing from it in meaning; as the noun <i>bear</i> and the verb <i>bear</i>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>homonyme</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Homonymous</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mon"y*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>homonymus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ the same + <?/, for <?/ name; akin to E. <ets>name</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the same name or designation; standing in the same relation; -- opposed to <i>heteronymous</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the same name or designation, but different meaning or relation; hence, equivocal; ambiguous.</def>

<h1>Homonymously</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mon"y*mous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an homonymous manner; so as to have the same name or relation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Equivocally; ambiguously.</def>

<h1>Homonymy</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mon"y*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>homonymie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sameness of name or designation; identity in relations.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<blockquote><b>Homonymy</b> may be as well in place as in persons.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sameness of name or designation of things or persons which are different; ambiguity.</def>

<h1>Homo\'94rgan</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*\'94r"gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>organ</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Homoplast</er>.</def>

<h1>Homoousian</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*ou"si*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ the same + <?/ being, essence, substance.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of those, in the 4th century, who accepted the Nicene creed, and maintained that the Son had the same essence or substance with the Father; -- opposed to <i>homoiousian</i>.</def>

<h1>Homoousian</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*ou"si*an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Homoousians, or to the doctrines they held.</def>

<h1>Homophone</h1>
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<hw>Hom"o*phone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>homophone</ets>. See <er>Homophonous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A letter or character which expresses a like sound with another.</def>

<i>Gliddon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A word having the same sound as another, but differing from it in meaning and usually in spelling; <as>as, <i>all</i> and <i>awl</i>; <i>bare</i> and <i>bear</i>; <i>rite</i>, <i>write</i>, <i>right</i>, and <i>wright</i>.</as></def>

<h1>Homophonic, Homophonous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ho`mo*phon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ho*moph"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ the same + <?/ sound, tone: cf. F. <ets>homophone</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Originally, sounding alike; of the same pitch; unisonous; monodic.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Now used for plain harmony, note against note, as opposed to <i>polyphonic</i> harmony, in which the several parts move independently, each with its own melody.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressing the same sound by a different combination of letters; <as>as, <ex>bay</ex> and <ex>bey</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Homophony</h1>
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<hw>Ho*moph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>homophonie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sameness of sound.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Sameness of sound; unison.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Plain harmony, as opposed to <i>polyphony</i>. See <er>Homophonous</er>.</def>

<h1>Homophylic</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*phyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to homophily.</def>

<h1>Homophyly</h1>
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<hw>Ho*moph"y*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a clan.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That form of homology due to common ancestry (phylogenetic homology), in opposition to <i>homomorphy</i>, to which genealogic basis is wanting.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<h1>Homoplasmy</h1>
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<hw>Ho"mo*plas`my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ anything formed, fr. <?/ to form, mold.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Resemblance between different plants or animals, in external shape, in general habit, or in organs, which is not due to descent from a common ancestor, but to similar surrounding circumstances.</def>

<h1>Homoplast</h1>
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<hw>Hom"o*plast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the plastids composing the <i>idorgan</i> of Haeckel; -- also called <i>homo\'94rgan</i>.</def>

<h1>Homoplastic</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>plastic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to homoplasty; <as>as, <ex>homoplastic</ex>organs; <ex>homoplastic</ex> forms.</as></def>

<h1>Homoplasty</h1>
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<hw>Ho"mo*plas`ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>plasty</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The formation of homologous tissues.</def>

<h1>Homoplasy</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mop"la*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to form, mold.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Homogeny</er>.</def>

<h1>Homopolic</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*pol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>pole</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>In promorphology, pertaining to or exhibiting that kind of organic form, in which the stereometric ground form is a pyramid, with <i>similar poles</i>. See <er>Promorphology</er>.</def>

<h1>Homopter</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mop"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Homoptera.</def>

<h1>Homoptera</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mop"te*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the same, like + <?/ wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of Hemiptera, in which both pairs of wings are similar in texture, and do not overlap when folded, as in the cicada. See <er>Hemiptera</er>.</def>

<h1>Homopteran</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mop"ter*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An homopter.</def>

<h1>Homopterous</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mop"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Homoptera.</def>

<h1>Homostyled</h1>
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<hw>Ho"mo*styled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>style</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having only one form of pistils; -- said of the flowers of some plants.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Homosystemic</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*sys*tem"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + <ets>systemic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Developing, in the case of multicellular organisms, from the same embryonic systems into which the secondary unit (gastrula or plant enbryo) differentiates.</def>

<h1>Homotaxia</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*tax"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Homotaxis</er>.</def>

<h1>Homotaxial, Homotaxic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ho`mo*tax"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ho`mo*tax"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to homotaxis.</def>

<h1>Homotaxis</h1>
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<hw>Ho`mo*tax"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the same + <?/ arrangement.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Similarly in arrangement of parts; -- the opposite of <i>heterotaxy</i>.</def>

<h1>Homotaxy</h1>
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<hw>Ho"mo*tax`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Homotaxis</er>.</def>

<h1>Homothermic, Homothermous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ho`mo*ther"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ho`mo*ther"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ heat.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Warm-blooded; homoiothermal; h\'91matothermal.</def>

<h1>Homotonous</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mot"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>homotonus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ the same + <?/ tone.]</ety> <def>Of the same tenor or tone; equable; without variation.</def>

<h1>Homotropal, Homotropous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ho*mot"ro*pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ho*mot"ro*pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ the same + <?/ turn, fr. <?/ to turn: cf. F. <ets>homotrope</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Turned in the same direction with something else.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the radicle of the seed directed towards the hilum.</def>

<h1>Homotypal</h1>
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<hw>Ho"mo*ty`pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of the same type of structure; pertaining to a homotype; <as>as, <ex>homotypal</ex> parts</as>.</def>

<h1>Homotype</h1>
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<hw>Hom"o*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Homo-</ets> + -<ets>type</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That which has the same fundamental type of structure with something else; thus, the right arm is the <i>homotype</i> of the right leg; one arm is the <i>homotype</i> of the other, etc.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Homotypic, Homotypical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ho`mo*typ"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ho`mo*typ"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Homotypal</er>.</def>

<h1>Homotypy</h1>
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<hw>Ho"mo*ty`py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Homotype</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A term suggested by Haeckel to be instead of <i>serial homology</i>. See <er>Homotype</er>.</def>

<h1>Homunculus</h1>
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<hw>Ho*mun"cu*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Homunculi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>homo</ets> man.]</ety> <def>A little man; a dwarf; a manikin.</def>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Hond</h1>
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<hw>Hond</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hone</h1>
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<hw>Hone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Etymology uncertain. &root;37.]</ety> <def>To pine; to lament; to long.</def>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Hone</h1>
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<hw>Hone</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>h<?/n</ets> a knob.]</ety> <def>A kind of swelling in the cheek.</def>

<h1>Hone</h1>
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<hw>Hone</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h\'ben</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>hein</ets>, OSw. <ets>hen</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>\'87\'be<?/a</ets>, also <ets>\'87\'d3</ets>, <ets>\'87i</ets>, to sharpen, and E. <ets>cone</ets>. &root;38, 228.]</ety> <def>A stone of a fine grit, or a slab, as of metal, covered with an abrading substance or powder, used for sharpening cutting instruments, and especially for setting razors; an oilstone.</def>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<cs><col>Hone slate</col><cd>See <er>Polishing slate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hone stone</col>, <cd>one of several kinds of stone used for hones. See <er>Novaculite</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hone</h1>
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<hw>Hone</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Honed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p]. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Honing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To sharpen on, or with, a hone; to rub on a hone in order to sharpen; <as>as, to <ex>hone</ex> a razor</as>.</def>

<h1>Honest</h1>
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<hw>Hon"est</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>honest</ets>, <ets>onest</ets>, OF. <ets>honeste</ets>, <ets>oneste</ets>, F. <ets>honn\'88te</ets>, L. <ets>honestus</ets>, fr. <ets>honos</ets>, <ets>honor</ets>, honor. See <er>Honor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Decent; honorable; suitable; becoming.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Belong what <b>honest</b> clothes you send forth to bleaching!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by integrity or fairness and straight<?/forwardness in conduct, thought, speech, etc.; upright; just; equitable; trustworthy; truthful; sincere; free from fraud, guile, or duplicity; not false; -- said of persons and acts, and of things to which a moral quality is imputed; <as>as, an <ex>honest</ex> judge or merchant; an <ex>honest</ex> statement; an <ex>honest</ex> bargain; an <ex>honest</ex> business; an <ex>honest</ex> book; an <ex>honest</ex> confession.</as></def>

<blockquote>An <b>honest</b> man's the noblest work of God.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An <b>honest</b> physician leaves his patient when he can contribute no farther to his health.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Look ye out among you seven men of <b>honest</b> report.
<i>Acts vi. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Provide things <b>honest</b> in the sight of all men.
<i>Rom. xii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Open; frank; <as>as, an <ex>honest</ex> countenance</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Chaste; faithfuk; virtuous.</def>

<blockquote>Wives may be merry, and yet <b>honest</b> too.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Upright; ingenuous; honorable; trusty; faithful; equitable; fair; just; rightful; sincere; frank; candid; genuine.</syn>

<h1>Honest</h1>
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<hw>Hon"est</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>honestare</ets> to clothe or adorn with honor: cf. F. <ets>honester</ets>. See <er>Honest</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To adorn; to grace; to honor; to make becoming, appropriate, or honorable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Abp. Sandys.</i>

<h1>Honestation</h1>
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<hw>Hon`es*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of honesting; grace; adornment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Honestetee</h1>
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<hw>Ho*nes"te*tee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Honesty; honorableness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Honestly</h1>
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<hw>Hon"est*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Honorably; becomingly; decently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In an honest manner; <as>as, a contract <ex>honestly</ex> made; to live <ex>honestly</ex>; to speak <ex>honestly</ex>.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>To come honestly by</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To get honestly.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A circumlocution for <i>to inherit<i>; as, <i>to come honestly by<i> a feature, a mental trait, a peculiarity.</cd></cs>

<h1>Honesty</h1>
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<hw>Hon"es*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>honeste</ets>, <ets>oneste</ets>, honor, OF. <ets>honest\'82</ets>, <ets>onest\'82</ets> (cf. F. <ets>honn\'88tet\'82</ets>), L. <ets>honestas</ets>. See <er>Honest</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Honor; honorableness; dignity; propriety; suitableness; decency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>She derives her <b>honesty</b> and achieves her goodness.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality or state of being honest; probity; fairness and straightforwardness of conduct, speech, etc.; integrity; sincerity; truthfulness; freedom from fraud or guile.</def>

<blockquote>That we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and <b>honesty</b>.
<i>1 Tim. ii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Chastity; modesty.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>To lay . . . siege to the <b>honesty</b> of this Ford's wife.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Satin flower; the name of two cruciferous herbs having large flat pods, the round shining partitions of which are more beautiful than the blossom; -- called also <altname>lunary</altname> and <altname>moonwort</altname>. <spn>Lunaria biennis</spn> is common honesty; <spn>L. rediva</spn> is perennial honesty.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Integrity; probity; uprightness; trustiness; faithfulness; honor; justice; equity; fairness; candor; plain-dealing; veracity; sincerity.</syn>

<h1>Honewort</h1>
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<hw>Hone"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An umbelliferous plant of the genus <spn>Sison</spn> (<spn>S.Amomum</spn>); -- so called because used to cure a swelling called a <i>hone</i>.</def>

<h1>Honey</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>honi</ets>, <ets>huni</ets>, AS. <ets>hunig</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>honeg</ets>, D. & G. <ets>honig</ets>, OHG. <ets>honag</ets>, <ets>honang</ets>, Icel. <ets>hunang</ets>, Sw. <ets>h\'86ning</ets>, Dan. <ets>honning</ets>, cf. Gr. <?/ dust, Skr. <ets>kaa</ets> grain.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sweet viscid fluid, esp. that collected by bees from flowers of plants, and deposited in the cells of the honeycomb.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is sweet or pleasant, like honey.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>honey</b> of his language.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sweet one; -- a term of endearment.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote><b>Honey</b>, you shall be well desired in Cyprus.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Honey</i> is often used adjectively or as the first part of compound; as, <i>honey</i>dew or <i>honey</i> dew; <i>honey</i> guide or <i>honey</i>guide; <i>honey</i> locust or <i>honey</i>-locust.</note>

<cs><col>Honey ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small ant (<spn>Myrmecocystus melliger</spn>), found in the Southwestern United States, and in Mexico, living in subterranean formicares. There are larger and smaller ordinary workers, and others, which serve as receptacles or cells for the storage of honey, their abdomens becoming distended to the size of a currant. These, in times of scarcity, regurgitate the honey and feed the rest.</cd> -- <col>Honey badger</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the ratel.</cd> -- <col>Honey bear</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Kinkajou</er>.</cd> -- <col>Honey buzzard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bird related to the kites, of the genus <spn>Pernis</spn>. The European species is <spn>P. apivorus</spn>; the Indian or crested honey buzzard is <spn>P. ptilorhyncha</spn>. They feed upon honey and the larv\'91 of bees. Called also <altname>bee hawk</altname>, <altname>bee kite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Honey creeper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of numerous species of small, bright, colored, passerine birds of the family <spn>C\'d2rebid\'91</spn>, abundant in Central and South America.</cd> -- <col>Honey easter</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of numerous species of small passerine birds of the family <spn>Meliphagid\'91</spn>, abundant in Australia and Oceania; -- called also <altname>honeysucker</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Honey flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an evergreen shrub of the genus <spn>Melianthus</spn>, a native of the Cape of Good Hope. The flowers yield much honey.</cd> -- <col>Honey guide</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of small birds of the family <spn>Indicatorid\'91</spn>, inhabiting Africa and the East Indies. They have the habit of leading persons to the nests to wild bees. Called also <altname>honeybird</altname>, and <altname>indicator</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Honey harvest</col>, <cd>the gathering of honey from hives, or the honey which is gathered. <i>Dryden</i>.</cd> -- <col>Honey kite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Honey buzzard</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Honey locust</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a North American tree (<spn>Gleditschia triacanthos</spn>), armed with thorns, and having long pods with a sweet pulp between the seeds.</cd> -- <col>Honey month</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Honeymoon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Honey weasel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the ratel.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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Page 703<p>

<h1>Honey</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Honeyed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Honeying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To be gentle, agreeable, or coaxing; to talk fondly; to use endearments; also, to be or become obsequiously courteous or complimentary; to fawn.</def> "<i>Honeying</i> and making love."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Rough to common men,
But <b>honey</b> at the whisper of a lord.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Honey</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ey</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make agreeable; to cover or sweeten with, or as with, honey.</def>

<blockquote>Canst thou not <b>honey</b> me with fluent speech?
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Honey-bag</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ey-bag`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The receptacle for honey in a honeybee.</def>

<i>Shak. Grew.</i>

<h1>Honeybee</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ey*bee`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bee of the genus <spn>Apis</spn>, which lives in communities and collects honey, esp. the common domesticated hive bee (<spn>Apis mellifica</spn>), the Italian bee (<spn>A. ligustica</spn>), and the Arabiab bee (<spn>A. fasciata</spn>). The two latter are by many entomologists considered only varieties of the common hive bee. Each swarm of bees consists of a large number of workers (barren females), with, ordinarily, one queen or fertile female, but in the swarming season several young queens, and a number of males or drones, are produced.</def>

<h1>Honeybird</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ey*bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The honey guide.</def>

<h1>Honeycomb</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ey*comb`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hunigcamb</ets>. See <er>Honey</er>, and 1st <er>Comb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mass of hexagonal waxen cells, formed by bees, and used by them to hold their honey and their eggs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any substance, as a easting of iron, a piece of worm-eaten wood, or of triple, etc., perforated with cells like a honeycomb.</def>

<cs><col>Honeycomb moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the wax moth.</cd> -- <col>Honeycomb stomach</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Reticulum</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Honeycombed</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ey*combed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed or perforated like a honeycomb.</def>

<blockquote>Each bastion was <b>honeycombed</b> with casements.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Honeydew</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ey*dew`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sweet, saccharine substance, found on the leaves of trees and other plants in small drops, like dew. Two substances have been called by this name; one exuded from the plants, and the other secreted by certain insects, esp. aphids.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of tobacco moistened with molasses.</def>

<h1>Honeyed</h1>
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<hw>Hon"eyed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Covered with honey.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sweet, <as>as, <ex>honeyed</ex> words</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Honeyless</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ey*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of honey.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Honeymoon</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ey*moon`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The first month after marriage.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Honey-mouthed</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ey-mouthed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Soft to sweet in speech; persuasive.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Honeystone</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ey*stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mellite</er>.</def>

<h1>Honeysucker</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ey*suck`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Honey eater</cref>, under <er>Honey</er>.</def>

<h1>Honeysuckle</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ey*suc`kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>hunis<?/ge</ets> privet. See <er>Honey</er>, and <er>Suck</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of several species of flowering plants, much admired for their beauty, and some for their fragrance.</def>

<note>&hand; The honeysuckles are properly species of the genus <spn>Lonicera</spn>; as, <spn>L. Caprifolium</spn>, and <spn>L. Japonica</spn>, the commonly cultivated fragrant kinds; <spn>L. Periclymenum</spn>, the fragrant woodbine of England; <spn>L. grata</spn>, the American woodbine, and <spn>L. sempervirens</spn>, the red-flowered trumpet honeysuckle. The European fly honeysuckle is <spn>L. Xylosteum</spn>; the American, <spn>L. ciliata</spn>. The American Pinxter flower (<spn>Azalea nudiflora</spn>) is often called <i>honeysuckle</i>, or <i>false honeysuckle</i>. The name <i>Australian honeysuckle</i> is applied to one or more trees of the genus <spn>Banksia</spn>. See <cref>French honeysuckle</cref>, under <er>French</er>.</note>

<h1>Honeysuckled</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ey*suc`kled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with honeysuckles.</def>

<h1>Honey-sweet</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ey-sweet`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sweet as honey.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Honey-tongued</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ey-tongued`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sweet speaking; persuasive; seductive.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Honeyware</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ey*ware`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Badderlocks</er>.</def>

<h1>Honeywort</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ey*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A European plant of the genus <spn>Cerinthe</spn>, whose flowers are very attractive to bees.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<h1>Hong</h1>
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<hw>Hong</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Chinese <ets>hang</ets>, Canton dialect <ets>hong</ets>, a mercantile house, factory.]</ety> <def>A mercantile establishment or factory for foreign trade in China, as formerly at Canton; a succession of offices connected by a common passage and used for business or storage.</def>

<cs><col>Hong merchant</col>, <cd>one of the few Chinese merchants who, previous to the treaty of 1842, formed a guild which had the exclusive privilege of trading with foreigners.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hong</h1>
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<hw>Hong</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To hang.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Honied</h1>
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<hw>Hon"ied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Honeyed</er>.</def>

<h1>Honiton lace</h1>
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<hw>Hon"i*ton lace`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A kind of pillow lace, remarkable for the beauty of its figures; -- so called because chiefly made in <i>Honiton</i>, England.</def>

<h1>Honk</h1>
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<hw>Honk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of imitative origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cry of a wild goose.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Honk"ing</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Honor</h1>
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<hw>Hon"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>honor</ets>, <ets>honour</ets>, <ets>onour</ets>, <ets>onur</ets>, OF. <ets>honor</ets>, <ets>onor</ets>, <ets>honur</ets>, <ets>onur</ets>, <ets>honour</ets>, <ets>onour</ets>, F.  <ets>honneur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>honor</ets>, <ets>honos</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>honour</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence.</def>

<blockquote>A prophet is not without <b>honor</b>, save in his own country.
<i>Matt. xiii. 57.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which rightfully attracts esteem, respect, or consideration; self-respect; dignity; courage; fidelity; especially, excellence of character; high moral worth; virtue; nobleness; specif., in men, integrity; uprightness; trustworthness; in women, purity; chastity.</def>

<blockquote>If she have forgot
<b>Honor</b> and virtue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Godlike erect, with native <b>honor</b> clad.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A nice sense of what is right, just, and true, with course of life correspondent thereto; strict conformity to the duty imposed by conscience, position, or privilege.</def>

<blockquote>Say, what is <b>honor</b>? 'T is the finest sense
Of justice which the human mind can frame,
Intent each lurking frailty to disclaim,
And guard the way of life from all offense
Suffered or done.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I could not love thee, dear, so much,
Loved I not <b>honor</b> more.
<i>Lovelace.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That to which esteem or consideration is paid; distinguished position; high rank.</def> "Restored me to my <i>honors</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>I have given thee . . . both riches, and <b>honor</b>.
<i>1 Kings iii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou art clothed with <b>honor</b> and majesty.
<i>Ps. civ. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Fame; reputation; credit.</def>

<blockquote>Some in theiractions do woo, and affect <b>honor</b> and reputation.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If my <b>honor</b> is meant anything distinct from conscience, 't is no more than a regard to the censure and esteem of the world.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A token of esteem paid to worth; a mark of respect; a ceremonial sign of consideration; <as>as, he wore an <ex>honor</ex> on his breast; military <ex>honors</ex>; civil <ex>honors</ex>.</as></def> "Their funeral <i>honors</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A cause of respect and fame; a glory; an excellency; an ornament; <as>as, he is an <ex>honor</ex> to his nation</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A title applied to the holders of certain honorable civil offices, or to persons of rank; <as>as, His <ex>Honor</ex> the Mayor</as>. See Note under <er>Honorable</er>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Feud. Law)</fld> <def>A seigniory or lordship held of the king, on which other lordships and manors depended.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<p><b>10.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Academic or university prizes or distinctions; <as>as, <ex>honors</ex> in classics</as>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Whist)</fld> <def>The ace, king, queen, and jack of trumps. The ten and nine are sometimes called <i>Dutch honors</i>.</def>

<i>R. A. Proctor.</i>

<cs><col>Affair of honor</col>, <cd>a dispute to be decided by a duel, or the duel itself.</cd> -- <col>Court of honor</col>, <cd>a court or tribunal to investigate and decide questions relating to points of honor; as a court of chivalry, or a military court to investigate acts or omissions which are unofficerlike or ungentlemanly in their nature.</cd> -- <col>Debt of honor</col>, <cd>a debt contracted by a verbal promise, or by betting or gambling, considered more binding than if recoverable by law.</cd> -- <col>Honor bright!</col> An assurance of truth or fidelity. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Honor court</col> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld>, <cd>one held in an honor or seignory.</cd> -- <col>Honor point</col>. <fld>(Her.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Escutcheon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Honors of war</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>distinctions granted to a vanquished enemy, as of marching out from a camp or town armed, and with colors flying.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Law, &or; Code</col>, <col>of honor</col></mcol>, <cd>certain rules by which social intercourse is regulated among persons of fashion, and which are founded on a regard to reputation. <i>Paley</i>.</cd> -- <col>Maid of honor</col>, <cd>a lady of rank, whose duty it is to attend the queen when she appears in public.</cd><-- Bride's principle attendant at a wedding --> -- <col>On one's honor</col>, <cd>on the pledge of one's honor; as, the members of the House of Lords in Great Britain, are not under oath, but give their statements or verdicts <i>on their honor<i>.</cd> -- <col>Point of honor</col>, <cd>a scruple or nice distinction in matters affecting one's honor; as, he raised a <i>point of honor<i>.</cd> -- <col>To do the honors</col>, <cd>to bestow honor, as on a guest; to act as host or hostess at an entertainment. "To <i>do the honors<i> and to give the word." <i>Pope</i>.</cd> -- <col>To do one honor</col>, <cd>to confer distinction upon one.</cd> -- <col>To have the honor</col>, <cd>to have the privilege or distinction.</cd> -- <col>Word of honor</col>, <cd>an engagement confirmed by a pledge of honor.</cd></cs>

<h1>Honor</h1>
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<hw>Hon"or</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Honored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Honoring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>honouren</ets>, <ets>onouren</ets>, OF. <ets>honorer</ets>, <ets>honourer</ets>, F. <ets>honorer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>honorare</ets>, fr. <ets>honor</ets>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To regard or treat with honor, esteem, or respect; to revere; to treat with deference and submission; when used of the Supreme Being, to reverence; to adore; to worship.</def>

<blockquote><b>Honor</b> thy father and thy mother.
<i>Ex. xx. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That all men should <b>honor</b> the Son, even as they <b>honor</b> the Father.
<i>John v. 23.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is a custom
More <b>honor'd</b> in the breach than the observance.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dignify; to raise to distinction or notice; to bestow honor upon; to elevate in rank or station; to ennoble; to exalt; to glorify; hence, to do something to honor; to treat in a complimentary manner or with civility.</def>

<blockquote>Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delighten to <b>honor</b>.
<i>Esther vi. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The name of Cassius <b>honors</b> this corruption.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To accept and pay when due; <as>as, to <ex>honor</ex>a bill of exchange</as>.</def>

<h1>Honorable</h1>
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<hw>Hon"or*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>honorable</ets>, L. <ets>honorabilis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Worthy of honor; fit to be esteemed or regarded; estimable; illustrious.</def>

<blockquote>Thy name and <b>honorable</b> family.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>High-minded; actuated by principles of honor, or a scrupulous regard to probity, rectitude, or reputation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Proceeding from an upright and laudable cause, or directed to a just and proper end; not base; irreproachable; fair; <as>as, an <ex>honorable</ex> motive</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Is this proceeding just and <b>honorable</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Conferring honor, or produced by noble deeds.</def>

<blockquote><b>Honorable</b> wounds from battle brought.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Worthy of respect; regarded with esteem; to be commended; consistent with honor or rectitude.</def>

<blockquote>Marriage is <b>honorable</b> in all.
<i>Heb. xiii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Performed or accompanied with marks of honor, or with testimonies of esteem; an <i>honorable</i> burial.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Of reputable association or use; respectable.</def>

<blockquote>Let her descend: my chambers are <b>honorable</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>An epithet of respect or distinction; <as>as, the <ex>honorable</ex> Senate; the <ex>honorable</ex> gentleman.</as></def>

<note>&hand; <i>Honorable</i> is a title of quality, conferred by English usage upon the younger children of earls and all the children of viscounts and barons. The maids of honor, lords of session, and the supreme judges of England and Ireland are entitled to the prefix. In American usage, it is a title of courtesy merely, bestowed upon those who hold, or have held, any of the higher public offices, esp. governors, judges, members of Congress or of the Senate, mayors.</note>

<cs><col>Right honorable</col>. <cd>See under <er>Right</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Honorableness</h1>
<Xpage=703>

<hw>Hon"or*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being honorable; eminence; distinction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conformity to the principles of honor, probity, or moral rectitude; fairness; uprightness; reputableness.</def>

<h1>Honorably</h1>
<Xpage=703>

<hw>Hon"or*a*bly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an honorable manner; in a manner showing, or consistent with, honor.</def>

<blockquote>The reverend abbot . . . <b>honorably</b> received him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Why did I not more <b>honorably</b> starve?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Decently; becomingly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Do this message <i>honorably</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Magnanimously; generously; nobly; worthily; justly; equitably; fairly; reputably.</syn>

<h1>Honorarium, Honorary</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hon`o*ra"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hon"or*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>honorarium</ets> (sc. <ets>donum</ets>), fr. <ets>honorarius</ets>. See <er>Honorary</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fee offered to professional men for their services; <as>as, an <ex>honorarium</ex> of one thousand dollars</as>.</def>

<i>S. Longfellow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An honorary payment, usually in recognition of services for which it is not usual or not lawful to assign a fixed business price.</def>

<i>Heumann.</i>

<h1>Honorary</h1>
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<hw>Hon"or*a*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>honorarius</ets>, fr. <ets>honor</ets> honor: cf. F. <ets>honoraire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Done as a sign or evidence of honor; <as>as, <ex>honorary</ex> services</as>.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conferring honor, or intended merely to confer honor without emolument; <as>as, an <ex>honorary</ex> degree</as>.</def> "<i>Honorary</i> arches."

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Holding a title or place without rendering service or receiving reward; <as>as, an <ex>honorary</ex> member of a society</as>.</def>

<h1>Honorer</h1>
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<hw>Hon"or*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who honors.</def>

<h1>Honorific</h1>
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<hw>Hon`or*if"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Honor</er>, <er>-fy</er>, and <er>-ic</er>.]</ety> <def>Conferring honor; tending to honor.</def>

<i>London. Spectator.</i>

<h1>Honorless</h1>
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<hw>Hon"or*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of honor; not honored.</def>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Hont</h1>
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<hw>Hont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See under <er>Hunt</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hoo</h1>
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<hw>Hoo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>See <er>Ho</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hurrah! -- an exclamation of triumphant joy.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>-hood</h1>
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<hw>-hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[OE. <ets>hod</ets>, <ets>had</ets>, <ets>hed</ets>, <ets>hede</ets>, etc., person, rank, order, condition, AS. <ets>h\'bed</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>h\'c7d</ets>, OHG. <ets>heit</ets>, G. -<ets>heit</ets>, D. -<ets>heid</ets>, Goth. <ets>haidus</ets> manner; cf. Skr. <ets>k\'c7tu</ets> brightness, <ets>cit</ets> to appear, be noticeable, notice. &root;217. Cf. <er>-head</er>.]</ety> <def>A termination denoting <i>state</i>, <i>condition</i>, <i>quality</i>, <i>character</i>, <i>totality</i>, as in man<i>hood</i>, child<i>hood</i>, knight<i>hood</i>, brother<i>hood</i>. Sometimes it is written, chiefly in obsolete words, in the form -<i>head</i>.</def>

<h1>Hood</h1>
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<hw>Hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hood</ets>, <ets>hod</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'d3d</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hoed</ets> hat, G. <ets>hut</ets>, OHG. <ets>huot</ets>, also to E. <ets>hat</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>heed</ets>. &root;13.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>State; condition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>How could thou ween, through that disguised <b>hood</b>
To hide thy state from being understood?
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A covering or garment for the head or the head and shoulders, often attached to the body garment</def>; especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A soft covering for the head, worn by women, which leaves only the face exposed</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A part of a monk's outer garment, with which he covers his head; a cowl</def>. "All <i>hoods</i> make not monks." <i>Shak</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A like appendage to a cloak or loose overcoat, that may be drawn up over the head at pleasure</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>An ornamental fold at the back of an academic gown or ecclesiastical vestment; <as>as, a master's <ex>hood</ex></as></def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A covering for a horse's head</def>. <sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>A covering for a hawk's head and eyes. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Falcon</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything resembling a hood in form or use</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The top or head of a carriage</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A chimney top, often contrived to secure a constant draught by turning with the wind</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A projecting cover above a hearth, forming the upper part of the fireplace, and confining the smoke to the flue</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The top of a pump</def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Ord.)</fld> <def>A covering for a mortar</def>. <sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The hood-shaped upper petal of some flowers, as of monkshood; -- called also <altname>helmet</altname></def>. <i>Gray</i>. <sd>(g)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A covering or porch for a companion hatch.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>The endmost plank of a strake which reaches the stem or stern.</def>

<hr>
<page="704">
Page 704<p>

<h1>Hood</h1>
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<hw>Hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hooded</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hooding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover with a hood; to furnish with a hood or hood-shaped appendage.</def>

<blockquote>The friar <b>hooded</b>, and the monarch crowned.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover; to hide; to blind.</def>

<blockquote>While grace is saying, I'll <b>hood</b> mine eyes
Thus with my hat, and sigh and say, "Amen."
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Hooding end</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>the end of a hood where it enters the rabbet in the stem post or stern post.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hoodcap</h1>
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<hw>Hood"cap`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <cref>Hooded seal</cref>, under <er>Hooded</er>.</def>

<h1>Hooded</h1>
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<hw>Hood"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Covered with a hood.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Furnished with a hood or something like a hood.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hood-shaped; esp. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, rolled up like a cornet of paper; cuculate, as the spethe of the Indian turnip.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the head conspicuously different in color from the rest of the plumage; -- said of birds.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having a hoodlike crest or prominence on the head or neck; <as>as, the <ex>hooded</ex> seal; a <ex>hooded</ex> snake.</as></def>

<cs><col>Hooded crow</col>, <cd>a European crow <fld>(Corvus cornix)</fld>; -- called also <altname>hoody</altname>, <altname>dun crow</altname>, and <altname>royston crow</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Hooded gull</col>, <cd>the European black-headed pewit or gull.</cd> -- <col>Hooded merganser</col>. <cd>See <er>Merganser</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hooded seal</col>, <cd>a large North Atlantic seal (<spn>Cystophora cristata</spn>). The male has a large, inflatible, hoodlike sac upon the head. Called also <altname>hoodcap</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Hooded sheldrake</col>, <cd>the hooded merganser. See <er>Merganser</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hooded snake</col>. <cd>See <er>Cobra de capello</er>, <er>Asp</er>, <er>Haje</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Hooded warbler</col>, <cd>a small American warbler (<spn>Sylvania mitrata</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Hoodless</h1>
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<hw>Hood"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no hood.</def>

<h1>Hoodlum</h1>
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<hw>Hood"lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A young rowdy; a rough, lawless fellow.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Hoodman</h1>
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<hw>Hood"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The person blindfolded in the game called hoodman-blind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hoodman-blind</h1>
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<hw>Hood"man-blind`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An old term for blindman's buff.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hood molding Hood moulding</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hood" mold`ing</hw> <hw>Hood" mould`ing</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A projecting molding over the head of an arch, forming the outermost member of the archivolt; -- called also <altname>hood mold</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hoodoo</h1>
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<hw>Hoo"doo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. a var. of <ets>voodoo</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who causes bad luck.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Hoodwink</h1>
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<hw>Hood"wink</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hood</ets> + <ets>wink</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To blind by covering the eyes.</def>

<blockquote>We will blind and <b>hoodwink</b> him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover; to hide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deceive by false appearance; to impose upon.</def> "<i>Hoodwinked</i> with kindness."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Hoody</h1>
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<hw>Hood"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hooded crow; also, in Scotland, the hooded gull.</def>

<h1>Hoof</h1>
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<hw>Hoof</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hoofs</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, very rarely <plw>Hooves</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>hof</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'d3f</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hoef</ets>, G1huf, OHG. <ets>huof</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'d3fr</ets>, Sw. <ets>hof</ets>, Dan. <ets>hov</ets>; cf. Russ. <ets>kopuito</ets>, Skr. <ets>\'87apha</ets>. &root;225.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The horny substance or case that covers or terminates the feet of certain animals, as horses, oxen, etc.</def>

<blockquote>On burnished <b>hooves</b> his war horse trode.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hoofed animal; a beast.</def>

<blockquote>Our cattle also shall go with us; there shall not a <b>hoof</b> be left behind.
<i>Ex. x. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ungula</er>.</def>

<h1>Hoof</h1>
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<hw>Hoof</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To walk as cattle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>William Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be on a tramp; to foot.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>To hoof it</col>, <cd>to foot it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hoofbound</h1>
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<hw>Hoof"bound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>Having a dry and contracted hoof, which occasions pain and lameness.</def>

<h1>Hoofed</h1>
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<hw>Hoofed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with hoofs.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Hoofless</h1>
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<hw>Hoof"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of hoofs.</def>

<h1>Hook</h1>
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<hw>Hook</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hok</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'d3c</ets>; cf. D. <ets>haak</ets>, G. <ets>hake</ets>, <ets>haken</ets>, OHG. <ets>h\'beko</ets>, <ets>h\'bego</ets>, <ets>h\'beggo</ets>, Icel. <ets>haki</ets>, Sw. <ets>hake</ets>, Dan. <ets>hage</ets>. Cf. <er>Arquebuse</er>, <er>Hagbut</er>, <er>Hake</er>, <er>Hatch</er> a half door, <er>Heckle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of metal, or other hard material, formed or bent into a curve or at an angle, for catching, holding, or sustaining anything; <as>as, a <ex>hook</ex> for catching fish; a <ex>hook</ex> for fastening a gate; a boat <ex>hook</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That part of a hinge which is fixed to a post, and on which a door or gate hangs and turns.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An implement for cutting grass or grain; a sickle; an instrument for cutting or lopping; a billhook.</def>

<blockquote>Like slashing Bentley with his desperate <b>hook</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Steam Engin.)</fld> <def>See <er>Eccentric</er>, and <er>V-hook</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A snare; a trap.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A field sown two years in succession.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>7.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The projecting points of the thigh bones of cattle; -- called also <altname>hook bones</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>By hook or by crook</col>, <cd>one way or other; by any means, direct or indirect. <i>Milton</i>. "In hope her to attain <i>by hook or crook<i>." <i>Spenser</i>.</cd> -- <col>Off the hooks</col>, <cd>unhinged; disturbed; disordered. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "In the evening, by water, to the Duke of Albemarle, whom I found mightly <i>off the hooks<i> that the ships are not gone out of the river." <i>Pepys</i>.</cd><-- = out of joint --> -- <col>On one's own hook</col>, <cd>on one's own account or responsibility; by one's self. <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark> <i>Bartlett</i>.</cd> -- <col>To go off the hooks</col>, <cd>to die. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <i>Thackeray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Bid hook</col>, <cd>a small boat hook.</cd> -- <col>Chain hook</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Deck hook</col>, <cd>a horizontal knee or frame, in the bow of a ship, on which the forward part of the deck rests.</cd> -- <col>Hook and eye</col>, <cd>one of the small wire hooks and loops for fastening together the opposite edges of a garment, etc.</cd> -- <col>Hook bill</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the strongly curved beak of a bird.</cd> -- <col>Hook ladder</col>, <cd>a ladder with hooks at the end by which it can be suspended, as from the top of a wall.</cd> -- <col>Hook motion</col> <fld>(Steam Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a valve gear which is reversed by V hooks.</cd> -- <col>Hook squid</col>, <cd>any squid which has the arms furnished with hooks, instead of suckers, as in the genera <spn>Enoploteuthis</spn> and <spn>Onychteuthis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Hook wrench</col>, <cd>a wrench or spanner, having a hook at the end, instead of a jaw, for turning a bolthead, nut, or coupling.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hook</h1>
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<hw>Hook</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hooked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hooking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To catch or fasten with a hook or hooks; to seize, capture, or hold, as with a hook, esp. with a disguised or baited hook; hence, to secure by allurement or artifice; to entrap; to catch; <as>as, to <ex>hook</ex> a dress; to <ex>hook</ex> a trout.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Hook</b> him, my poor dear, . . . at any sacrifice.
<i>W. Collins.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To seize or pierce with the points of the horns, as cattle in attacking enemies; to gore.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To steal.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Eng. & U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>To hook on</col>, <cd>to fasten or attach by, or as by, hook.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hook</h1>
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<hw>Hook</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To bend; to curve as a hook.</def>

<h1>Hookah</h1>
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<hw>Hook"ah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. or Ar. <ets>huqqa</ets> a round box or casket, a bottle through which the fumes pass when smoking tobacco.]</ety> <def>A pipe with a long, flexible stem, so arranged that the smoke is cooled by being made to pass through water.</def><-- see hubble-bubble; also water pipe -->

<h1>Hook-billed</h1>
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<hw>Hook"-billed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a strongly curved bill.</def>

<h1>Hooked</h1>
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<hw>Hooked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the form of a hookl curvated; <as>as, the <ex>hooked</ex> bill of a bird</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Provided with a hook or hooks.</def> "The <i>hooked</i> chariot."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Hookedness</h1>
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<hw>Hook"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being bent like a hook; incurvation.</def>

<h1>Hooker</h1>
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<hw>Hook"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, hooks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A Dutch vessel with two masts.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A fishing boat with one mast, used on the coast of Ireland.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A sailor's contemptuous term for any antiquated craft.</def>

<h1>Hooke's gearing</h1>
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<hw>Hooke's" gear"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[So called from the inventor.]</ety> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>Spur gearing having teeth slanting across the face of the wheel, sometimes slanting in opposite directions from the middle.</def>

<h1>Hooke's joint</h1>
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<hw>Hooke's joint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[So called from the inventor.]</ety> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A universal joint. See under <er>Universal</er>.</def>

<h1>Hookey</h1>
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<hw>Hook"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hockey</er>.</def>

<h1>Hooklet</h1>
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<hw>Hook"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little hook.</def>

<h1>Hook-nosed</h1>
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<hw>Hook"-nosed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a hooked or aquiline nose.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hooky</h1>
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<hw>Hook"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of hooks; pertaining to hooks.</def>

<h1>Hool</h1>
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<hw>Hool</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Whole.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hoolock</h1>
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<hw>Hoo"lock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small black gibbon (<spn>Hylobates hoolock</spn>), found in the mountains of Assam.</def>

<h1>Hoom</h1>
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<hw>Hoom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Home.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hoonoomaun</h1>
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<hw>Hoo"noo*maun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Indian monkey. See <er>Entellus</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hoonuman</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hoop</h1>
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<hw>Hoop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hope</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hoep</ets>, <ets>hoepel</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pliant strip of wood or metal bent in a circular form, and united at the ends, for holding together the staves of casks, tubs, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A ring; a circular band; anything resembling a hoop, as the cylinder (cheese hoop) in which the curd is pressed in making cheese.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A circle, or combination of circles, of thin whalebone, metal, or other elastic material, used for expanding the skirts of ladies' dresses; crinoline; -- used chiefly in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>Though stiff with <b>hoops</b>, and armed with ribs of whale.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A quart pot; -- so called because originally bound with hoops, like a barrel. Also, a portion of the contents measured by the distance between the hoops.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An old measure of capacity, variously estimated at from one to four pecks.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Bulge hoop</col>, <col>Chine hoop</col>, <col>Quarter hoop</col></mcol>, <cd>the hoop nearest the middle of a cask, that nearest the end, and the intermediate hoop between these two, respectively.</cd> -- <col>Flat hoop</col>, <cd>a wooden hoop dressed flat on both sides.</cd> -- <col>Half-round hoop</col>, <cd>a wooden hoop left rounding and undressed on the outside.</cd> -- <col>Hoop iron</col>, <cd>iron in thin narrow strips, used for making hoops.</cd> -- <col>Hoop lock</col>, <cd>the fastening for uniting the ends of wooden hoops by notching and interlocking them.</cd> -- <col>Hoop skirt</col>, <cd>a framework of hoops for expanding the skirts of a woman's dress; -- called also <altname>hoop petticoat</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Hoop snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a harmless snake of the Southern United States (<spn>Abaster erythrogrammus</spn>); -- so called from the mistaken notion that it curves itself into a hoop, taking its tail into its mouth, and rolls along with great velocity.</cd> -- <col>Hoop tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small West Indian tree (<spn>Melia sempervirens</spn>), of the Mahogany family.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hoop</h1>
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<hw>Hoop</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hooped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hooping</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bind or fasten with hoops; <as>as, to <ex>hoop</ex> a barrel or puncheon</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To clasp; to encircle; to surround.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hoop</h1>
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<hw>Hoop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>houpen</ets>; cf. F. <ets>houper</ets> to hoop, to shout; -- a hunting term, prob. fr. <ets>houp</ets>, an interj. used in calling. Cf. <er>Whoop</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter a loud cry, or a sound imitative of the word, by way of call or pursuit; to shout.</def> <altsp>[Usually written <asp>whoop</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To whoop, as in whooping cough. See <er>Whoop</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Hooping cough</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Whooping cough</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hoop</h1>
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<hw>Hoop</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>whoop</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To drive or follow with a shout.</def> "To be <i>hooped</i> out of Rome."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To call by a shout or peculiar cry.</def>

<h1>Hoop</h1>
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<hw>Hoop</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shout; a whoop, as in whooping cough.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hoopoe. See <er>Hoopoe</er>.</def>

<h1>Hooper</h1>
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<hw>Hoop"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Hoop</er>.]</ety> <def>One who hoops casks or tubs; a cooper.</def>

<h1>Hooper</h1>
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<hw>Hoop"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <ety>[So called from its note.]</ety> <def>The European whistling, or wild, swan (<spn>Olor cygnus</spn>); -- called also <altname>hooper swan</altname>, <altname>whooping swan</altname>, and <altname>elk</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hoopoe, Hoopoo</h1>
<Xpage=704>

<hw><hw>Hoop"oe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hoop"oo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from its cry; cf. L. <ets>upupa</ets>, Gr. <?/, D. <ets>hop</ets>, F. <ets>huppe</ets>; cf. also G. wieden<ets>hopf</ets>, OHG. witu<ets>hopfo</ets>, lit., wood hopper.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European bird of the genus <spn>Upupa</spn> (<spn>U. epops</spn>), having a beautiful crest, which it can erect or depress at pleasure. Called also <altname>hoop</altname>, <altname>whoop</altname>. The name is also applied to several other species of the same genus and allied genera.</def>

<-- Hoops. n. The game of basketball [Slang].
    Hoopster. n. Basketball player. [Slang] -->

<h1>Hoosier</h1>
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<hw>Hoo"sier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nickname given to an inhabitant of the State of Indiana.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Hoot</h1>
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<hw>Hoot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hooted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hooting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hoten</ets>, <ets>houten</ets>, <ets>huten</ets>; cf. OSw. <ets>huta</ets>, Sw. <ets>huta ut</ets> to take one up sharply, fr. Sw. <ets>hut</ets> interj., begone! cf. also W. <ets>hwt</ets> off! off with it! away! hoot!]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cry out or shout in contempt.</def>

<blockquote>Matrons and girls shall <b>hoot</b> at thee no more.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make the peculiar cry of an owl.</def>

<blockquote>The clamorous owl that nightly <b>hoots</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hoot</h1>
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<hw>Hoot</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To assail with contemptuous cries or shouts; to follow with derisive shouts.</def>

<blockquote>Partridge and his clan may <b>hoot</b> me for a cheat.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hoot</h1>
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<hw>Hoot</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A derisive cry or shout.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The cry of an owl.</def>

<cs><col>Hoot owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the barred owl (<spn>Syrnium nebulosum</spn>). See <er>Barred owl</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hoove</h1>
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<hw>Hoove</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Allied to <ets>heave</ets>, <ets>hove</ets>.]</ety> <def>A disease in cattle consisting in inflammation of the stomach by gas, ordinarily caused by eating too much green food; tympany; bloating.</def>

<h1>Hooven, Hoven</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hoov"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ho"ven</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with hoove; <as>as, <ex>hooven</ex>, or <ex>hoven</ex>, cattle</as>.</def>

<h1>Hop</h1>
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<hw>Hop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hopped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hopping</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hoppen</ets> to hop, leap, dance, AS. <ets>hoppian</ets>; akin to Icel. & Sw. <ets>hoppa</ets>, Dan. <ets>hoppe</ets>, D. <ets>huppelen</ets>, G. <ets>h\'81pfen</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move by successive leaps, as toads do; to spring or jump on one foot; to skip, as birds do.</def>

<blockquote>[Birds] <b>hopping</b> from spray to spray.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To walk lame; to limp; to halt.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To dance.</def>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Hop</h1>
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<hw>Hop</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A leap on one leg, as of a boy; a leap, as of a toad; a jump; a spring.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dance; esp., an informal dance of ball.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><mcol><col>Hop</col>, <col>skip</col> (&or; <col>step</col>), <col>and jump</col></mcol>, <cd>a game or athletic sport in which the participants cover as much ground as possible by a hop, stride, and jump in succession.</cd></cs>
<-- just a hop, skip, and a jump away = nearby -->

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Hop</h1>
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<hw>Hop</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hoppe</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hop</ets>, <ets>hoppe</ets>, OHG. <ets>hopfo</ets>, G. <ets>hopfen</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>hupa</ets>, W. <ets>hopez</ets>, Armor. <ets>houpez</ets>, and Icel. <ets>humall</ets>, SW. & Dan. <ets>humle</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A climbing plant (<spn>Humulus Lupulus</spn>), having a long, twining, annual stalk. It is cultivated for its fruit (hops).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The catkin or strobilaceous fruit of the hop, much used in brewing to give a bitter taste.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The fruit of the dog-rose. See <er>Hip</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Hop back</col>. <fld>(Brewing)</fld> <cd>See under 1st <er>Back</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hop clover</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of yellow clover having heads like hops in miniature (<spn>Trifolium agrarium</spn>, and <spn>T. procumbens</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Hop flea</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small flea beetle (<spn>Haltica concinna</spn>), very injurious to hops.</cd> -- <col>Hop fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an aphid (<spn>Phorodon humuli</spn>), very injurious to hop vines.</cd> -- <col>Hop froth fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an hemipterous insect (<spn>Aphrophora interrupta</spn>), allied to the cockoo spits. It often does great damage to hop vines.</cd> -- <col>Hop hornbeam</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree of the genus <spn>Ostrya</spn> (<spn>O.Virginica</spn>) the American ironwood; also, a European species (<spn>O. vulgaris</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Hop moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a moth (<spn>Hypena humuli</spn>), which in the larval state is very injurious to hop vines.</cd> -- <col>Hop picker</col>, <cd>one who picks hops.</cd> -- <col>Hop pole</col>, <cd>a pole used to support hop vines.</cd> -- <col>Hop tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small American tree (<spn>Ptelia trifoliata</spn>), having broad, flattened fruit in large clusters, sometimes used as a substitute for hops.</cd> -- <col>Hop vine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the climbing vine or stalk of the hop.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hop</h1>
<Xpage=704>

<hw>Hop</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To impregnate with hops.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Hop</h1>
<Xpage=704>

<hw>Hop</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To gather hops. <usage>[Perhaps only in the form <er>Hopping</er>, <tt>vb. n.</tt>]</usage></def>

<h1>Hopbine, Hopbind</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hop"bine`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hop"bind`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The climbing stem of the hop.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Hope</h1>
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<hw>Hope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>h\'d3p</ets> a small bay or inlet.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sloping plain between mountain ridges.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small bay; an inlet; a haven.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Hope</h1>
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<hw>Hope</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS., <ets>akin to D</ets>. <ets>hoop</ets>, <ets>hope</ets>, Sw. <ets>hopp</ets>, Dan. <ets>haab</ets>, MHG. <ets>hoffe</ets>. <ets>Hope</ets> in <ets>forlorn hope</ets> is different word. See <ets>Forlorn hope</ets>, under <er>Forlorn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A desire of some good, accompanied with an expectation of obtaining it, or a belief that it is obtainable; an expectation of something which is thought to be desirable; confidence; pleasing expectancy.</def>

<blockquote>The hypocrite's <b>hope</b> shall perish.
<i>Job vii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He wished, but not with <b>hope</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>New thoughts of God, new <b>hopes</b> of Heaven.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who, or that which, gives hope, furnishes ground of expectation, or promises desired good.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord will be the <b>hope</b> of his people.
<i>Joel iii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A young gentleman of great <b>hopes</b>, whose love of learning was highly commendable.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is hoped for; an object of hope.</def>

<blockquote>Lavina is thine elder brother's <b>hope</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hope</h1>
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<hw>Hope</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hoped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hoping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>hopian</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hopen</ets>, Sw. <ets>hopp<?/</ets>, Dan. <ets>haabe</ets>, G. <ets>hoffen</ets>. See 2nd <er>Hope</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To entertain or indulge hope; to cherish a desire of good, or of something welcome, with expectation of obtaining it or belief that it is obtainable; to expect; -- usually followed by <i>for</i>.</def> "<i>Hope</i> for good success."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>But I will <b>hope</b> continually.
<i>Ps. lxxi. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place confidence; to trust with confident expectation of good; -- usually followed by <i>in</i>.</def> "I <i>hope</i> in thy word."

<i>Ps. cxix. 81.</i>

<blockquote>Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted within me? <b>Hope</b> thou in God.
<i>Ps. xlii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="705">
Page 705<p>

<h1>Hope</h1>
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<hw>Hope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To desire with expectation or with belief in the possibility or prospect of obtaining; to look forward to as a thing desirable, with the expectation of obtaining it; to cherish hopes of.</def>

<blockquote>We <b>hope</b> no other from your majesty.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[Charity] <b>hopeth</b> all things.
<i>1 Cor. xiii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To expect; to fear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "I <i>hope</i> he will be dead."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Hope</i> is often used colloquially regarding uncertainties, with no reference to the future. "I <i>hope</i> she takes me to be flesh and blood."</note>

<i>Mrs. Centlivre.</i>

<h1>Hopeful</h1>
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<hw>Hope"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of hope, or agreeable expectation; inclined to hope; expectant.</def>

<blockquote>Men of their own natural inclination <b>hopeful</b> and strongly conceited.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having qualities which excite hope; affording promise of good or of success; <as>as, a <ex>hopeful</ex> youth; a <ex>hopeful</ex> prospect.</as></def> "<i>Hopeful</i> scholars."

<i>Addison.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Hope"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Hope"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hopeite</h1>
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<hw>Hope"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after Professor <ets>Hope</ets>, of Edinburgh.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous phosphate of zinc in transparent prismatic crystals.</def>

<h1>Hopeless</h1>
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<hw>Hope"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of hope; having no expectation of good; despairing.</def>

<blockquote>I am a woman, friendless, <b>hopeless</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Giving no ground of hope; promising nothing desirable; desperate; <as>as, a <ex>hopeless</ex> cause</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>hopeless</b>word of "never to return"
Breathe I against thee, upon pain of life.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Unhoped for; despaired of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Hope"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Hope"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hoper</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Hop"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hopes.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Hopingly</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Hop"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a hopeful manner.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Hoplite</h1>
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<hw>Hop"lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ tool, weapon: cf. F. <ets>hoplite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A heavy-armed infantry soldier.</def>

<i>Milford.</i>

<h1>Hop-o'-my-thumb, Hop-thumb</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hop"-o'-my-thumb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hop"-thumb"</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A very diminutive person.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>liwell.</i>

<h1>Hopped</h1>
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<hw>Hopped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Impregnated with hops.</def>

<h1>Hopper</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Hop"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Hop</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, hops.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A chute, box, or receptacle, usually funnel-shaped with an opening at the lower part, for delivering or feeding any material, as to a machine; <as>as, the wooden box with its trough through which grain passes into a mill by joining or shaking, or a funnel through which fuel passes into a furnace, or coal, etc.</as>, into a car.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Grasshopper</er>, 2.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A game. See <er>Hopscotch</er>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>See <er>Grasshopper</er>, and <cref>Frog hopper</cref>, <cref>Grape hopper</cref>, <cref>Leaf hopper</cref>, <cref>Tree hopper</cref>, under <er>Frog</er>, <er>Grape</er>, <er>Leaf</er>, and <er>Tree</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The larva of a cheese fly.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel for carrying waste, garbage, etc., out to sea, so constructed as to discharge its load by a mechanical contrivance; -- called also <altname>dumping scow</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Bell and hopper</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>the apparatus at the top of a blast furnace, through which the charge is introduced, while the gases are retained.</cd> -- <col>Hopper boy</col>, <cd>a rake in a mill, moving in a circle to spread meal for drying, and to draw it over an opening in the floor, through which it falls.</cd> -- <col>Hopper closet</col>, <cd>a water-closet, without a movable pan, in which the receptacle is a funnel standing on a draintrap.</cd> -- <col>Hopper cock</col>, <cd>a faucet or valve for flushing the hopper of a water-closet.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hopperings</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Hop"per*ings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gold Washing)</fld> <def>Gravel retaining in the hopper of a cradle.</def>

<h1>Hoppestere</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Hop`pes*tere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>An unexplained epithet used by Chaucer in reference to ships. By some it is defined as "dancing (on the wave)"; by others as "opposing,"  "warlike."</def>

<i>T. R. Lounsbury.</i>

<h1>Hoppet</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Hop"pet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hand basket; also, a dish used by miners for measuring ore.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An infant in arms.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Hopping</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Hop"ping</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of one who, or that which, hops; a jumping, frisking, or dancing.</def>

<cs><col>Hopping Dick</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a thrush of Jamaica (<spn>Merula leucogenys</spn>), resembling the English blackbird in its familiar manners, agreeable song, and dark plumage.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hopping</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Hop"ping</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 3rd <er>Hop</er>.]</ety> <def>A gathering of hops.</def>

<h1>Hopple</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Hop"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hoppled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hoppling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Hop</er>; cf. <er>Hobble</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To impede by a hopple; to tie the feet of (a horse or a cow) loosely together; to hamper; to hobble; <as>as, to <ex>hopple</ex> an unruly or straying horse</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To entangle; to hamper.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Hopple</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Hop"ple</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fetter for horses, or cattle, when turned out to graze; -- chiefly used in the plural.</def>

<h1>Hopplebush</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Hop"ple*bush`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hobblebush</er>.</def>

<h1>Hoppo</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Hop"po</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A collector of customs, as at Canton; an overseer of commerce.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tribunal or commission having charge of the revenue derived from trade and navigation.</def> <mark>[China]</mark>

<cs><col>Hoppo men</col>, <cd>Chinese customhouse officers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hopscotch</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Hop"scotch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A child's game, in which a player, hopping on one foot, drives a stone from one compartment to another of a figure traced or scotched on the ground; -- called also <altname>hoppers</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hop-thumb</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Hop"-thumb`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hop-o'-my-thumb</er>.</def>

<h1>Hopyard</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Hop"yard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A field where hops are raised.</def>

<h1>Horal</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Ho"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>horalis</ets>, fr. <ets>hora</ets> hour. See <er>Hour</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an hour, or to hours.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Horaly</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Ho"ra*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Hourly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Horary</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Ho"ra*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>horarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>hora</ets> hour: cf. F. <ets>horaire</ets>. See <er>Hour</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an hour; noting the hours.</def>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Occurring once an hour; continuing an hour; hourly; ephemeral.</def>

<blockquote><b>Horary</b>, or soon decaying, fruits of summer.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Horary circles</col>. <cd>See <er>Circles</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Horatian</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Ho*ra"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Horace, the Latin poet, or resembling his style.</def>

<h1>Horde</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Horde</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>horde</ets> (cf. G. <ets>horde</ets>), fr. Turk. <ets>ord<?/</ets>, <ets>ord\'c6</ets>, camp; of Tartar origin.]</ety> <def>A wandering troop or gang; especially, a clan or tribe of a nomadic people migrating from place to place for the sake of pasturage, plunder, etc.; a predatory multitude.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Hordeic</h1>
<Xpage=705>

<hw>Hor*de"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hordeum</ets> barley.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, barley; <as>as, <ex>hordeic</ex> acid, an acid identical or isomeric with <ex>lauric</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Hordein</h1>
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<hw>Hor"de*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hordeum</ets> barley.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A peculiar starchy matter contained in barley. It is complex mixture.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Hordeolum</h1>
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<hw>Hor*de"o*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>hordeolus</ets>, dim. of <ets>hordeum</ets> barley.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A small tumor upon the eyelid, resembling a grain of barley; a sty.</def>

<h1>Hordock</h1>
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<hw>Hor"dock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An unidentified plant mentioned by Shakespeare, perhaps equivalent to <i>burdock</i>.</def>

<h1>Hore</h1>
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<hw>Hore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hoar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Horehound</h1>
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<hw>Hore"hound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>horehune</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'berhune</ets>; <ets>h\'ber</ets> hoar, gray + <ets>hune</ets> horehound; cf. L. <ets>cunila</ets> a species of organum, GR. <?/, Skr. <ets>kn<?/y</ets> to smell.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Marrubium</spn> (<spn>M. vulgare</spn>), which has a bitter taste, and is a weak tonic, used as a household remedy for colds, coughing, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hoarhound</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><mcol><col>Fetid horehound</col>, &or; <col>Black horehound</col></mcol>, <cd>a disagreeable plant resembling horehound (<spn>Ballota nigra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Water horehound</col>, <cd>a species of the genus <spn>Lycopus</spn>, resembling mint, but not aromatic.</cd></cs>

<h1>Horizon</h1>
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<hw>Ho*ri"zon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>horizon</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/) the bounding line, horizon, fr. <?/ to bound, fr. <?/ boundary, limit.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The circle which bounds that part of the earth's surface visible to a spectator from a given point; the apparent junction of the earth and sky.</def>

<blockquote>And when the morning sun shall raise his car
Above the border of this <b>horizon</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All the <b>horizon</b> round
Invested with bright rays.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plane passing through the eye of the spectator and at right angles to the vertical at a given place; a plane tangent to the earth's surface at that place; called distinctively the <i>sensible horizon</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A plane parallel to the sensible horizon of a place, and passing through the earth's center; -- called also <altname>rational &or; celestial horizon</altname>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The unbroken line separating sky and water, as seen by an eye at a given elevation, no land being visible.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The epoch or time during which a deposit was made.</def>

<blockquote>The strata all over the earth, which were formed at the same time, are said to belong to the same geological <b>horizon</b>.
<i>Le Conte.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Painting)</fld> <def>The chief horizontal line in a picture of any sort, which determines in the picture the height of the eye of the spectator; in an extended landscape, the representation of the natural horizon corresponds with this line.</def>

<cs><col>Apparent horizon</col>. <cd>See under <er>Apparent</er>.</cd> -- <col>Artificial horizon</col>, <cd>a level mirror, as the surface of mercury in a shallow vessel, or a plane reflector adjusted to the true level artificially; -- used chiefly with the sextant for observing the double altitude of a celestial body.</cd> -- <col>Celestial horizon</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See def. 2, above.</cd> -- <col>Dip of the horizon</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the vertical angle between the sensible horizon and a line to the visible horizon, the latter always being below the former.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Rational horizon</col>, and <col>Sensible horizon</col></mcol>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See def. 2, above.</cd> -- <col>Visible horizon</col>. <cd>See definitions 1 and 2, above.</cd></cs>

<h1>Horizontal</h1>
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<hw>Hor`i*zon"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>horizontal</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or near, the horizon.</def> "<i>Horizontal</i> misty air."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Parallel to the horizon; on a level; <as>as, a <ex>horizontal</ex>line or surface</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Measured or contained in a plane of the horizon; <as>as, <ex>horizontal</ex> distance</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Horizontal drill</col>, <cd>a drilling machine having a horizontal drill spindle.</cd> -- <col>Horizontal engine</col>, <cd>one the piston of which works horizontally.</cd> -- <col>Horizontal fire</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the fire of ordnance and small arms at point-blank range or at low angles of elevation.</cd> -- <col>Horizontal force</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic force.</cd> -- <col>Horizontal line</col> <fld>(Descriptive Geometry & Drawing)</fld>, <cd>a constructive line, either drawn or imagined, which passes through the point of sight, and is the chief line in the projection upon which all verticals are fixed, and upon which all vanishing points are found.</cd> -- <col>Horizontal parallax</col>. <cd>See under <er>Parallax</er>.</cd> -- <col>Horizontal plane</col> <fld>(Descriptive Geometry)</fld>, <cd>a plane parallel to the horizon, upon which it is assumed that objects are projected. See <er>Projection</er>. It is upon the horizontal plane that the ground plan of the buildings is supposed to be drawn.</cd> -- <col>Horizontal projection</col>, <cd>a projection made on a plane parallel to the horizon.</cd> -- <col>Horizontal range</col> <fld>(Gunnery)</fld>, <cd>the distance in a horizontal plane to which a gun will throw a projectile.</cd> -- <col>Horizontal water wheel</col>, <cd>a water wheel in which the axis is vertical, the buckets or floats revolving in a horizontal plane, as in most turbines.</cd></cs>

<h1>Horizontality</h1>
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<hw>Hor`i*zon*tal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>horizontalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being horizontal.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<h1>Horizontally</h1>
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<hw>Hor`i*zon"tal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a horizontal direction or position; on a level; <as>as, moving <ex>horizontally</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Hormogonium</h1>
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<hw>Hor`mo*go*ni"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/a chain + <?/ generation.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A chain of small cells in certain alg\'91, by which the plant is propogated.</def>

<h1>Horn</h1>
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<hw>Horn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>horn</ets>; akin to D. <ets>horen</ets>, <ets>hoorn</ets>, G., Icel., Sw., & Dan. <ets>horn</ets>, Goth. <ets>ha\'a3rn</ets>, W., Gael., & Ir. <ets>corn</ets>, L. <ets>cornu</ets>, Gr. <?/, and perh. also to E. <ets>cheer</ets>, <ets>cranium</ets>, <ets>cerebral</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>\'87iras</ets> head. Cf. <er>Carat</er>, <er>Corn</er> on the foot, <er>Cornea</er>, <er>Corner</er>, <er>Cornet</er>, <er>Cornucopia</er>, <er>Hart</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hard, projecting, and usually pointed organ, growing upon the heads of certain animals, esp. of the ruminants, as cattle, goats, and the like. The hollow horns of the Ox family consist externally of true horn, and are never shed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The antler of a deer, which is of bone throughout, and annually shed and renewed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any natural projection or excrescence from an animal, resembling or thought to resemble a horn in substance or form; esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> A projection from the beak of a bird, as in the hornbill. <sd>(b)</sd> A tuft of feathers on the head of a bird, as in the horned owl. <sd>(c)</sd> A hornlike projection from the head or thorax of an insect, or the head of a reptile, or fish. <sd>(d)</sd> A sharp spine in front of the fins of a fish, as in the horned pout.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An incurved, tapering and pointed appendage found in the flowers of the milkweed (<spn>Asclepias</spn>).</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Something made of a horn, or in resemblance of a horn</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A wind instrument of music; originally, one made of a horn (of an ox or a ram); now applied to various elaborately wrought instruments of brass or other metal, resembling a horn in shape</def>. "Wind his <i>horn</i> under the castle wall."  <i>Spenser</i>. See <cref>French horn</cref>, under <er>French</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A drinking cup, or beaker, as having been originally made of the horns of cattle</def>. "<i>Horns</i> of mead and ale." <i>Mason</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The cornucopia, or horn of plenty</def>. See <er>Cornucopia</er>. "Fruits and flowers from Amalth\'91a's <i>horn</i>." <i>Milton</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A vessel made of a horn; esp., one designed for containing powder; anciently, a small vessel for carrying liquids.</def> "Samuel took the <i>horn</i>of oil and anointed him [David]." <i>1 Sam. xvi. 13</i>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>The pointed beak of an anvil</def>. <sd>(f)</sd> <def>The high pommel of a saddle; also, either of the projections on a lady's saddle for supporting the leg</def>. <sd>(g)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The Ionic volute</def>. <sd>(h)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The outer end of a crosstree; also, one of the projections forming the jaws of a gaff, boom, etc.</def> <sd>(i)</sd> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A curved projection on the fore part of a plane</def>. <sd>(j)</sd> <def>One of the projections at the four corners of the Jewish altar of burnt offering.</def>  "Joab . . . caught hold on the <i>horns</i> of the altar." <i>1 Kings ii. 28</i>.

<p><b>6.</b> <def>One of the curved ends of a crescent; esp., an extremity or cusp of the moon when crescent-shaped.</def>

<blockquote>The moon
Wears a wan circle round her blunted <b>horns</b>.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The curving extremity of the wing of an army or of a squadron drawn up in a crescentlike form.</def>

<blockquote>Sharpening in mooned <b>horns</b>
Their phalanx.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The tough, fibrous material of which true horns are composed, being, in the Ox family, chiefly albuminous, with some phosphate of lime; also, any similar substance, as that which forms the hoof crust of horses, sheep, and cattle; <as>as, a spoon of <ex>horn</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>A symbol of strength, power, glory, exaltation, or pride.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord is . . . the <b>horn</b> of my salvation.
<i>Ps. xviii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>An emblem of a cuckold; -- used chiefly in the plural.</def> "Thicker than a cuckold's <i>horn</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Horn block</col>, <cd>the frame or pedestal in which a railway car axle box slides up and down; -- also called <altname>horn plate</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Horn of a dilemma</col>. <cd>See under <er>Dilemma</er>.</cd> -- <col>Horn distemper</col>, <cd>a disease of cattle, affecting the internal substance of the horn.</cd> -- <col>Horn drum</col>, <cd>a wheel with long curved scoops, for raising water.</cd> -- <col>Horn lead</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>chloride of lead.</cd> -- <col>Horn maker</col>, <cd>a maker of cuckolds. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Horn mercury</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <i>Horn quicksilver<i> (below).</cd> -- <col>Horn poppy</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant allied to the poppy (<spn>Glaucium luteum</spn>), found on the sandy shores of Great Britain and Virginia; -- called also <altname>horned poppy</altname>. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Horn pox</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>abortive smallpox with an eruption like that of chicken pox.</cd> -- <col>Horn quicksilver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>native calomel, or bichloride of mercury.</cd> -- <col>Horn shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any long, sharp, spiral, gastropod shell, of the genus <spn>Cerithium</spn>, and allied genera.</cd> -- <col>Horn silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>cerargyrite.</cd> -- <col>Horn slate</col>, <cd>a gray, siliceous stone.</cd> -- <col>To haul in one's horns</col>, to withdraw some arrogant pretension. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark><-- = to pull in one's horns --> -- <col>To</col> <col>raise, &or; lift</col>, <col>the horn</col></mcol> <fld>(Script.)</fld>, <cd>to exalt one's self; to act arrogantly. "'Gainst them that raised thee dost thou <i>lift<i> thy <i>horn<i>?" <i>Milton</i>.</cd> -- <col>To take a horn</col>, <cd>to take a drink of intoxicating liquor. <mark>[Low]</mark></cd></cs>
<-- blow one's own horn.  To call attention to one's own accomplishments.  opposed to "hide one's light under a bushel"  -->

<h1>Horn</h1>
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<hw>Horn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish with horns; to give the shape of a horn to.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to wear horns; to cuckold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hornbeak</h1>
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<hw>Horn"beak`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fish. See <er>Hornfish</er>.</def>

<h1>Hornbeam</h1>
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<hw>Horn"beam`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Beam</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree of the genus <spn>Carpinus</spn> (<spn>C. Americana</spn>), having a smooth gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard. It is common along the banks of streams in the United States, and is also called <altname>ironwood</altname>. The English hornbeam is <spn>C. Betulus</spn>. The American is called also <altname>blue beech</altname> and <altname>water beech</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Hop hornbeam</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Hop</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hornbill</h1>
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<hw>Horn"bill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the family <spn>Bucerotid\'91</spn>, of which about sixty species are known, belonging to numerous genera. They inhabit the tropical parts of Asia, Africa, and the East Indies, and are remarkable for having a more or less horn-like protuberance, which is usually large and hollow and is situated on the upper side of the beak. The size of the hornbill varies from that of a pigeon to that of a raven, or even larger. They feed chiefly upon fruit, but some species eat dead animals.</def>

<hr>
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Page 706<p>

<h1>Hornblende</h1>
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<hw>Horn"blende`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., fr. <ets>horn</ets> horn + <ets>blende</ets> blende.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The common black, or dark green or brown, variety of amphibole. (See <er>Amphibole</er>.) It belongs to the aluminous division of the species, and is also characterized by its containing considerable iron. Also used as a general term to include the whole species.</def>

<cs><col>Hornblende schist</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a hornblende rock of schistose structure.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hornblendic</h1>
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<hw>Horn*blend"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Composed largely of hornblende; resembling or relating to hornblende.</def>

<h1>Hornblower</h1>
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<hw>Horn"blow`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hornbl\'bewere</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, blows a horn.</def>

<h1>Hornbook</h1>
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<hw>Horn"book`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The first book for children, or that from which in former times they learned their letters and rudiments; -- so called because a sheet of horn covered the small, thin board of oak, or the slip of paper, on which the alphabet, digits, and often the Lord's Prayer, were written or printed; a primer.</def> "He teaches boys the <i>hornbook</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A book containing the rudiments of any science or branch of knowledge; a manual; a handbook.</def>

<h1>Hornbug</h1>
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<hw>Horn"bug`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large nocturnal beetle of the genus <spn>Lucanus</spn> (as <spn>L. capreolus</spn>, and <spn>L. dama</spn>), having long, curved upper jaws, resembling a sickle. The grubs are found in the trunks of old trees.</def>

<h1>Horned</h1>
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<hw>Horned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with a horn or horns; furnished with a hornlike process or appendage; <as>as, <ex>horned</ex> cattle</as>; having some part shaped like a horn.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>horned</b> moon with one bright star
Within the nether tip.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Horned bee</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a British wild bee (<spn>Osmia bicornis</spn>), having two little horns on the head.</cd> -- <col>Horned dace</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American cyprinoid fish (<spn>Semotilus corporialis</spn>) common in brooks and ponds; the common chub. See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Chub</er>.</cd> -- <col>Horned frog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large Brazilian frog (<spn>Ceratophrys cornuta</spn>), having a pair of triangular horns arising from the eyelids.</cd> -- <col>Horned grebe</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of grebe (<spn>Colymbus auritus</spn>), of Arctic Europe and America, having two dense tufts of feathers on the head.</cd> -- <col>Horned horse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the gnu.</cd> -- <col>Horned lark</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the shore lark.</cd> -- <col>Horned lizard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the horned toad.</cd> -- <col>Horned owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large North American owl (<spn>Bubo Virginianus</spn>), having a pair of elongated tufts of feathers on the head. Several distinct varieties are known; as, the Arctic, Western, dusky, and striped <i>horned owls<i>, differing in color, and inhabiting different regions; -- called also <altname>great horned owl</altname>, <altname>horn owl</altname>, <altname>eagle owl</altname>, and <altname>cat owl</altname>. Sometimes also applied to the <altname>long-eared owl</altname>. See <cref>Eared owl</cref>, under <er>Eared</er>.</cd> -- <col>Horned poppy</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Horn poppy</cref>, under <er>Horn</er>.</cd> -- <col>Horned pout</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American fresh-water siluroid fish; the bullpout.</cd> -- <col>Horned rattler</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of rattlesnake (<spn>Crotalus cerastes</spn>), inhabiting the dry, sandy plains, from California to Mexico. It has a pair of triangular horns between the eyes; -- called also <altname>sidewinder</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Horned ray</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the sea devil.</cd> -- <col>Horned screamer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the kamichi.</cd> -- <col>Horned snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the cerastes.</cd> -- <col>Horned toad</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any lizard of the genus <spn>Phrynosoma</spn>, of which nine or ten species are known. These lizards have several hornlike spines on the head, and a broad, flat body, covered with spiny scales. They inhabit the dry, sandy plains from California to Mexico and Texas. Called also <altname>horned lizard</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Horned viper</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Cerastes</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hornedness</h1>
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<hw>Horn"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being horned.</def>

<h1>Hornel</h1>
<Xpage=706>

<hw>Horn"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European sand eel.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Horner</h1>
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<hw>Horn"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who works or deal in horn or horns.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Grew.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who winds or blows the horn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who horns or cuckolds.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The British sand lance or sand eel (<spn>Ammodytes lanceolatus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Hornet</h1>
<Xpage=706>

<hw>Hor"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hyrnet</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>hornaz</ets>, <ets>hornuz</ets>, G. <ets>horniss</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>horn</ets>, and named from the sound it makes as if blowing the horn; but more prob. akin to D. <ets>horzel</ets>, Lith. <ets>szirszone</ets>, L. <ets>crabo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, strong wasp. The European species (<spn>Vespa crabro</spn>) is of a dark brown and yellow color. It is very pugnacious, and its sting is very severe. Its nest is constructed of a paperlike material, and the layers of comb are hung together by columns. The American white-faced hornet (<spn>V. maculata</spn>) is larger and has similar habits.</def>

<cs><col>Hornet fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any dipterous insect of the genus <spn>Asilus</spn>, and allied genera, of which there are numerous species. They are large and fierce flies which capture bees and other insects, often larger than themselves, and suck their blood. Called also <altname>hawk fly</altname>, <altname>robber fly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>To stir up a hornet's nest</col>, <cd>to provoke the attack of a swarm of spiteful enemies or spirited critics. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Hornfish</h1>
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<hw>Horn"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hornfisc</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The garfish or sea needle.</def>

<h1>Hornfoot</h1>
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<hw>Horn"foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having hoofs; hoofed.</def>

<h1>Hornify</h1>
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<hw>Horn"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Horn</ets> + -<ets>fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To horn; to cuckold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Horning</h1>
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<hw>Horn"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Appearance of the moon when increasing, or in the form of a crescent.</def>

<i>J. Gregory.</i>

<cs><col>Letters of horning</col> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>, <cd>the process or authority by which a person, directed by the decree of a court of justice to pay or perform anything, is ordered to comply therewith.</cd></cs>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Hornish</h1>
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<hw>Horn"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat like horn; hard.</def>

<h1>Hornito</h1>
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<hw>Hor*ni"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A dim. fr. Sp. <ets>horno</ets> oven, L. <ets>furnus</ets>. See <er>Furnace</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A low, oven-shaped mound, common in volcanic regions, and emitting smoke and vapors from its sides and summit.</def>

<i>Humboldt.</i>

<h1>Hornless</h1>
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<hw>Horn"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no horn.</def>

<h1>Horn-mad</h1>
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<hw>Horn"-mad`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Quite mad; -- raving crazy.</def>

<blockquote>Did I tell you about Mr. Garrick, that the town are <b>horn-mad</b> after?
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hornotine</h1>
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<hw>Hor"no*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hornotinus</ets> of this year.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A yearling; a bird of the year.</def>

<h1>Hornowl</h1>
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<hw>Horn"owl`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Horned Owl</er>.</def>

<h1>Hornpike</h1>
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<hw>Horn"pike`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The garfish.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Hornpipe</h1>
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<hw>Horn"pipe`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument of music formerly popular in Wales, consisting of a wooden pipe, with holes at intervals. It was so called because the bell at the open end was sometimes made of horn.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A lively tune played on a hornpipe, for dancing; a tune adapted for such playing.</def>

<blockquote>Many a <b>hornpipe</b> he tuned to his Phyllis.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> A dance performed, usually by one person, to such a tune, and popular among sailors.<-- = sailor's hornpipe -->

<h1>Hornpout</h1>
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<hw>Horn"pout`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Horned pout</cref>, under <er>Horned</er>.</def>

<h1>Hornsnake</h1>
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<hw>Horn"snake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A harmless snake (<spn>Farancia abacura</spn>), found in the Southern United States. The color is bluish black above, red below.</def>

<h1>Hornstone</h1>
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<hw>Horn"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A siliceous stone, a variety of quartz, closely resembling flint, but more brittle; -- called also <altname>chert</altname>.</def>

<h1>Horntail</h1>
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<hw>Horn"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of family (<spn>Urocerid\'91</spn>) of large hyminopterous insects, allied to the sawflies. The larv\'91 bore in the wood of trees. So called from the long, stout ovipositors of the females.</def>

<h1>Hornwork</h1>
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<hw>Horn"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>An outwork composed of two demibastions joined by a curtain. It is connected with the works in rear by long wings.</def>

<h1>Hornwort</h1>
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<hw>Horn"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An aquatic plant (<spn>Ceratophyllum</spn>), with finely divided leaves.</def>

<h1>Hornwrack</h1>
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<hw>Horn"wrack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bryozoan of the genus <spn>Flustra</spn>.</def>

<h1>Horny</h1>
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<hw>Horn"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Hornier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Horniest</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having horns or hornlike projections.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Composed or made of horn, or of a substance resembling horn; of the nature of horn.</def> "The <i>horny</i> . . . coat of the eye."

<i>Ray.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hard; callous.</def> "His <i>horny</i> fist."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Horny-handed</h1>
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<hw>Horn"y-hand`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the hands horny and callous from labor.</def>

<h1>Hornyhead</h1>
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<hw>Horn"y*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any North American river chub of the genus <spn>Hybopsis</spn>, esp. <spn>H. biguttatus</spn>.</def>

<h1>Horography</h1>
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<hw>Ho*rog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hour + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>horographie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An account of the hours.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The art of constructing instruments for making the hours, as clocks, watches, and dials.</def>

<h1>Horologe</h1>
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<hw>Hor"o*loge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>horologe</ets>, <ets>orloge</ets>, timepiece, OF. <ets>horloge</ets>, <ets>orloge</ets>, <ets>oriloge</ets>, F. <ets>horloge</ets>, L. <ets>horologium</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ hour + <?/ to say, tell. See <er>Hour</er>, and <er>Logic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A servant who called out the hours.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument indicating the time of day; a timepiece of any kind; a watch, clock, or dial.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Horologer</h1>
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<hw>Ho*rol"o*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A maker or vender of clocks and watches; one skilled in horology.</def>

<h1>Horological</h1>
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<hw>Hor`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>horologicus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Relating to a horologe, or to horology.</def>

<h1>Horologiographer</h1>
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<hw>Hor`o*lo`gi*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Horologiography</er>.]</ety> <def>A maker of clocks, watches, or dials.</def>

<h1>Horologiographic</h1>
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<hw>Hor`o*lo`gi*o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to horologiography.</def>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Horologiography</h1>
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<hw>Hor`o*lo`gi*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ horologe + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An account of instruments that show the hour.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The art of constructing clocks or dials; horography.</def>

<h1>Horologist</h1>
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<hw>Ho*rol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in horology.</def>

<h1>Horology</h1>
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<hw>Ho*rol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Horologe</er>.]</ety> <def>The science of measuring time, or the principles and art of constructing instruments for measuring and indicating portions of time, as clocks, watches, dials, etc.</def>

<h1>Horometer</h1>
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<hw>Ho*rom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hour + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring time.</def>

<h1>Horometrical</h1>
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<hw>Hor`o*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to horometry.</def>

<h1>Horometry</h1>
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<hw>Ho*rom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>horom\'82trie</ets>. See <er>Horometer</er>.]</ety> <def>The art, practice, or method of measuring time by hours and subordinate divisions.</def> "The <i>horometry</i> of antiquity."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Horopter</h1>
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<hw>Ho*rop"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ boundary + <?/ one who looks.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The line or surface in which are situated all the points which are seen single while the point of sight, or the adjustment of the eyes, remains unchanged.</def>

<blockquote>The sum of all the points which are seen single, while the point of sight remains unchanged, is called the <b>horopter</b>.
<i>J. Le Conte.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Horopteric</h1>
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<hw>Hor`op*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the horopter.</def>

<h1>Horoscope</h1>
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<hw>Hor"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>horoscope</ets>, L. <ets>horoscopus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, adj., observing hours or times, esp. observing the hour of birth, <tt>n.</tt>, a horoscope; <?/ hour + <?/ to view, observe. See <er>Hour</er>, and <er>-scope</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The representation made of the aspect of the heavens at the moment of a person's birth, by which the astrologer professed to foretell the events of the person's life; especially, the sign of the zodiac rising above the horizon at such a moment.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The diagram or scheme of twelve houses or signs of the zodiac, into which the whole circuit of the heavens was divided for the purposes of such prediction of fortune.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The planisphere invented by Jean Paduanus.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A table showing the length of the days and nights at all places.</def>

<i>Heyse.</i>

<h1>Horoscoper, Horoscopist</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hor"o*sco`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ho*ros"co*pist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in horoscopy; an astrologer.</def>

<h1>Horoscopy</h1>
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<hw>Ho*ros"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or practice of casting horoscopes, or observing the disposition of the stars, with a view to prediction events.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Aspect of the stars at the time of a person's birth.</def>

<h1>Horrendous</h1>
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<hw>Hor*ren"dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>horrendus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fearful; frightful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<h1>Horrent</h1>
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<hw>Hor"rent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>horrens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>horrere</ets> to bristle. See <er>Horror</er>.]</ety> <def>Standing erect, as bristles; covered with bristling points; bristled; bristling.</def>

<blockquote>Rough and <b>horrent</b> with figures in strong relief.

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<blockquote>With bright emblazonry and <b>horrent</b> arms.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Horrible</h1>
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<hw>Hor"ri*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>horrible</ets>, <ets>orrible</ets>, OF. <ets>horrible</ets>, <ets>orrible</ets>, F. <ets>horrible</ets>, fr. L. <ets>horribilis</ets>, fr. <ets>horrere</ets>. See <er>Horror</er>.]</ety> <def>Exciting, or tending to excite, horror or fear; dreadful; terrible; shocking; hideous; <as>as, a <ex>horrible</ex> sight; a <ex>horrible</ex> story; a <ex>horrible</ex> murder.</as></def>

<blockquote>A dungeon <b>horrible</b> on all sides round.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Dreadful; frightful; fearful; terrible; awful; terrific; shocking; hideous; horrid.</syn>

<h1>Horribleness</h1>
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<hw>Hor"ri*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being horrible; dreadfulness; hideousness.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>horribleness</b> of the mischief.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Horribly</h1>
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<hw>Hor"ri*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner to excite horror; dreadfully; terribly.</def>

<h1>Horrid</h1>
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<hw>Hor"rid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>horridus</ets>. See <er>Horror</er>, and cf. <er>Ordure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rough; rugged; bristling.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Horrid</b> with fern, and intricate with thorn.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fitted to excite horror; dreadful; hideous; shocking; hence, very offensive.</def>

<blockquote>Not in the legions
Of <b>horrid</b> hell.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>horrid</b> things they say.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Frightful; hideous; alarming; shocking; dreadful; awful; terrific; horrible; abominable.</syn>

<h1>Horridly</h1>
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<hw>Hor"rid*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a horrid manner.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Horridness</h1>
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<hw>Hor"rid*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being horrid.</def>

<h1>Horrific</h1>
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<hw>Hor*rif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>horrifieus</ets>; <ets>horrere</ets> to be horrible + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make: cf. F. <ets>horrifique</ets>. See <er>Horror</er>, <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>Causing horror; frightful.</def>

<blockquote>Let . . . nothing ghastly or <b>horrific</b> be supposed.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Horrification</h1>
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<hw>Hor`ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which causes horror.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Miss Edgeworth.</i>

<h1>Horrify</h1>
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<hw>Hor"ri*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Horrified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Horrifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>horrificare</ets>. See <er>Horrific</er>.]</ety> <def>To cause to feel horror; to strike or impress with horror; <as>as, the sight <ex>horrified</ex> the beholders</as>.</def>

<i>E. Irving.</i>

<h1>Horripilation</h1>
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<hw>Hor*rip`i*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>horripilatio</ets>, fr. <ets>horripilare</ets> to bristle; <ets>horrere</ets> to bristle + <ets>pilus</ets> the hair: cf. F. <ets>horripilation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A real or fancied bristling of the hair of the head or body, resulting from disease, terror, chilliness, etc.</def>

<h1>Horrisonant</h1>
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<hw>Hor*ris"o*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Horrisonous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Horrisonous</h1>
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<hw>Hor*ris"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>horrisonus</ets>; <ets>horrere</ets> to be horrible + <ets>sonus</ets> a sound.]</ety> <def>Sounding dreadfully; uttering a terrible sound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Horror</h1>
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<hw>Hor"ror</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formerly written <ets>horrour</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[L. <ets>horror</ets>, fr. <ets>horrere</ets> to bristle, to shiver, to tremble with cold or dread, to be dreadful or terrible; cf. Skr. <ets>h<?/sh</ets> to bristle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bristling up; a rising into roughness; tumultuous movement.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Such fresh <b>horror</b> as you see driven through the wrinkled waves.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A shaking, shivering, or shuddering, as in the cold fit which precedes a fever; in old medical writings, a chill of less severity than a <i>rigor</i>, and more marked than an <i>algor</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A painful emotion of fear, dread, and abhorrence; a shuddering with terror and detestation; the feeling inspired by something frightful and shocking.</def>

<blockquote>How could this, in the sight of heaven, without <b>horrors</b> of conscience be uttered?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which excites horror or dread, or is horrible; gloom; dreariness.</def>

<blockquote>Breathes a browner <b>horror</b> on the woods.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The horrors</col>, <cd>delirium tremens. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="707">
Page 707<p>

<h1>Horror-sticken</h1>
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<hw>Hor"ror-stick`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Struck with horror; horrified.</def>

<blockquote>Blank and <b>horror-stricken</b> faces.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Horror-struck</h1>
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<hw>Hor"ror-struck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Horror-stricken; horrified.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Hors de combat</h1>
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<hw>Hors` de com`bat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Out of the combat; disabled from fighting.</def><-- = out of action -->

<h1>Horse</h1>
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<hw>Horse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hors</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>hros</ets>, D. & OHG. <ets>ros</ets>, G. <ets>ross</ets>, Icel. <ets>hross</ets>; and perh. to L. <ets>currere</ets> to run, E. <ets>course</ets>, <ets>current</ets> Cf. <er>Walrus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hoofed quadruped of the genus <spn>Equus</spn>; especially, the domestic horse (<spn>E. caballus</spn>), which was domesticated in Egypt and Asia at a very early period. It has six broad molars, on each side of each jaw, with six incisors, and two canine teeth, both above and below. The mares usually have the canine teeth rudimentary or wanting. The horse differs from the true asses, in having a long, flowing mane, and the tail bushy to the base. Unlike the asses it has callosities, or chestnuts, on all its legs. The horse excels in strength, speed, docility, courage, and nobleness of character, and is used for drawing, carrying, bearing a rider, and like purposes.</def>

<note>&hand; Many varieties, differing in form, size, color, gait, speed, etc., are known, but all are believed to have been derived from the same original species. It is supposed to have been a native of the plains of Central Asia, but the wild species from which it was derived is not certainly known. The feral horses of America are domestic horses that have run wild; and it is probably true that most of those of Asia have a similar origin. Some of the true wild Asiatic horses do, however, approach the domestic horse in several characteristics.
Several species of fossil (<spn>Equus</spn>) are known from the later Tertiary formations of Europe and America. The fossil species of other genera of the family <spn>Equid\'91</spn> are also often called <i>horses</i>, in general sense.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The male of the genus horse, in distinction from the female or male; usually, a castrated male.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Mounted soldiery; cavalry; -- used without the plural termination; <as>as, a regiment of <ex>horse</ex></as>; -- distinguished from <i>foot</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The armies were appointed, consisting of twenty-five thousand <b>horse</b> and foot.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A frame with legs, used to support something; <as>as, a clothes<ex>horse</ex>, a saw<ex>horse</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A frame of timber, shaped like a horse, on which soldiers were made to ride for punishment.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Anything, actual or figurative, on which one rides as on a horse; a hobby.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A mass of earthy matter, or rock of the same character as the wall rock, occurring in the course of a vein, as of coal or ore; hence, to <i>take horse</i> -- said of a vein -- is to divide into branches for a distance.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>See <er>Footrope</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A breastband for a leadsman.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An iron bar for a sheet traveler to slide upon.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A jackstay.</def> <i>W. C. Russell</i>. <i>Totten</i>.

<note>&hand; <i>Horse</i> is much used adjectively and in composition to signify <i>of</i>, or <i>having to do with</i>, <i>a horse</i> or <i>horses</i>, <i>like a horse</i>, etc.; as, <i>horse</i> collar, <i>horse</i> dealer or <i>horse</i><?/dealer, <i>horse</i>hoe, <i>horse</i> jockey; and hence, often in the sense of <i>strong</i>, <i>loud</i>, <i>coarse</i>, etc.; as, <i>horse</i>laugh, <i>horse</i> nettle or <i>horse</i>-nettle, <i>horse</i>play, <i>horse</i> ant, etc.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Black horse</col>, <col>Blood horse</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Black</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Horse aloes</col>, <cd>caballine aloes.</cd> -- <col>Horse ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large ant (<spn>Formica rufa</spn>); -- called also <altname>horse emmet</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Horse artillery</col>, <cd>that portion of the artillery in which the cannoneers are mounted, and which usually serves with the cavalry; flying artillery.</cd> -- <col>Horse balm</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a strong-scented labiate plant (<spn>Collinsonia Canadensis</spn>), having large leaves and yellowish flowers.</cd> -- <col>Horse bean</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of the English or Windsor bean (<spn>Faba vulgaris</spn>), grown for feeding horses.</cd> -- <col>Horse boat</col>, <cd>a boat for conveying horses and cattle, or a boat propelled by horses.</cd> -- <col>Horse bot</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Botfly</er>, and <er>Bots</er>.</cd> -- <col>Horse box</col>, <cd>a railroad car for transporting valuable horses, as hunters.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>Horse</col> <col>breaker &or; trainer</col></mcol>, <cd>one employed in subduing or training horses for use.</cd> -- <col>Horse car</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A railroad car drawn by horses. See under <er>Car</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A car fitted for transporting horses.</cd> -- <col>Horse cassia</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leguminous plant (<spn>Cassia Javanica</spn>), bearing long pods, which contain a black, catharic pulp, much used in the East Indies as a horse medicine.</cd> -- <col>Horse cloth</col>, <cd>a cloth to cover a horse.</cd> -- <col>Horse conch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, spiral, marine shell of the genus Triton. See <er>Triton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Horse courser</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>One that runs horses, or keeps horses for racing. <i>Johnson</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A dealer in horses. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Wiseman</i>.</cd> -- <col>Horse crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Limulus; -- called also <altname>horsefoot</altname>, <altname>horsehoe crab</altname>, and <altname>king crab</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Horse crevall\'82</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the cavally.</cd><-- a type of fish --> -- <col>Horse emmet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the horse ant.</cd> -- <col>Horse finch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chaffinch.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Horse gentian</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>fever root.</cd> -- <col>Horse iron</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a large calking iron.</cd> -- <col>Horse latitudes</col>, <cd>a space in the North Atlantic famous for calms and baffling winds, being between the westerly winds of higher latitudes and the trade winds. <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc</i>.</cd> -- <col>Horse mackrel</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common tunny (<spn>Orcynus thunnus</spn>), found on the Atlantic coast of Europe and America, and in the Mediterranean.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The bluefish (<spn>Pomatomus saltatrix</spn>).</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The scad.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>The name is locally applied to various other fishes, as the California hake, the black candlefish, the jurel, the bluefish, etc.</cd> -- <col>Horse marine</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an awkward, lubbery person; one of a mythical body of marine cavalry.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>Horse mussel</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, marine mussel (<spn>Modiola modiolus</spn>), found on the northern shores of Europe and America.</cd> -- <col>Horse nettle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coarse, prickly, American herb, the <spn>Solanum Carolinense</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Horse parsley</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Alexanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Horse purslain</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coarse fleshy weed of tropical America (<spn>Trianthema monogymnum</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Horse race</col>, <cd>a race by horses; a match of horses in running or trotting.</cd> -- <col>Horse racing</col>, <cd>the practice of racing with horses.</cd> -- <col>Horse railroad</col>, <cd>a railroad on which the cars are drawn by horses; -- in England, and sometimes in the United States, called a <altname>tramway</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Horse run</col> <fld>(Civil Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a device for drawing loaded wheelbarrows up an inclined plane by horse power.</cd> -- <col>Horse sense</col>, <cd>strong common sense.</cd> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Horse soldier</col></mcol>, <cd>a cavalryman.</cd> -- <col>Horse sponge</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, coarse, commercial sponge (<spn>Spongia equina</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Horse stinger</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, a large dragon fly. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Horse sugar</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a shrub of the southern part of the United States (<spn>Symplocos tinctoria</spn>), whose leaves are sweet, and good for fodder.</cd> -- <col>Horse tick</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a winged, dipterous insect (<spn>Hippobosca equina</spn>), which troubles horses by biting them, and sucking their blood; -- called also <altname>horsefly</altname>, <altname>horse louse</altname>, and <altname>forest fly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Horse vetch</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Hippocrepis</spn> (<spn>H. comosa</spn>), cultivated for the beauty of its flowers; -- called also <altname>horsehoe vetch</altname>, from the peculiar shape of its pods.</cd> -- <col>Iron horse</col>, <cd>a locomotive.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Salt horse</col>, <cd>the sailor's name for salt beef.</cd> -- <col>To look a gift horse in the mouth</col>, <cd>to examine the mouth of a horse which has been received as a gift, in order to ascertain his age; -- hence, to accept favors in a critical and thankless spirit. <i>Lowell</i>.</cd> -- <col>To take horse</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To set out on horseback. <i>Macaulay</i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be covered, as a mare.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See definition 7 (above).</cd></cs>

<h1>Horse</h1>
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<hw>Horse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Horsed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Horsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>horsion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To provide with a horse, or with horses; to mount on, or as on, a horse.</def> "Being better <i>horsed</i>, outrode me."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sit astride of; to bestride.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cover, as a mare; -- said of the male.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To take or carry on the back; <as>as, the keeper, <ex>horsing</ex> a deer</as>.</def>

<i>S. Butler.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To place on the back of another, or on a wooden horse, etc., to be flogged; to subject to such punishment.</def>

<h1>Horse</h1>
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<hw>Horse</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To get on horseback.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Horseback</h1>
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<hw>Horse"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The back of a horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An extended ridge of sand, gravel, and bowlders, in a half-stratified condition.</def>

<i>Agassiz.</i>

<cs><col>On horseback</col>, <cd>on the back of a horse; mounted or riding on a horse or horses; in the saddle.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>The long journey was to be performed <b>on horseback</b>.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Horse-chestnut</h1>
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<hw>Horse`-chest"nut</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The large nutlike seed of a species of <spn>\'92sculus</spn> (<spn>\'92. Hippocastanum</spn>), formerly ground, and fed to horses, whence the name.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The tree itself, which was brought from Constantinople in the beginning of the sixteenth century, and is now common in the temperate zones of both hemispheres. The native American species are called <altname>buckeyes</altname>.</def>

<h1>Horse-drench</h1>
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<hw>Horse"-drench`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A dose of physic for a horse.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The appliance by which the dose is administred.</def>

<h1>Horsefish</h1>
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<hw>Horse"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The moonfish (<spn>Selene setipinnis</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The sauger.</def>

<h1>Horseflesh</h1>
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<hw>Horse"flesh`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The flesh of horses.</def>

<blockquote>The Chinese eat <b>horseflesh</b> at this day.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Horses, generally; the qualities of a horse; <as>as, he is a judge of <ex>horseflesh</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Horseflesh ore</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a miner's name for bornite, in allusion to its peculiar reddish color on fresh facture.</cd></cs>

<h1>Horsefly</h1>
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<hw>Horse"fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Horseflies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any dipterous fly of the family <spn>Tabanid\'91</spn>, that stings horses, and sucks their blood.</def>

<note>&hand; Of these flies there are numerous species, both in Europe and America. They have a large proboscis with four sharp lancets for piercing the skin. Called also <altname>breeze fly</altname>. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Diptera</er>, and <er>Breeze fly</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The horse tick or forest fly (<spn>Hippobosca</spn>).</def>

<h1>Horsefoot</h1>
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<hw>Horse"foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Horsefeet</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The coltsfoot.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Limulus or horseshoe crab.</def>

<h1>Horse Guards</h1>
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<hw>Horse" Guards`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A body of cavalry so called; esp., a British regiment, called the Royal Horse Guards, which furnishes guards of state for the sovereign.</def>

<cs><col>The Horse Guards</col>, <cd>a name given to the former headquarters of the commander in chief of the British army, at Whitehall in London.</cd></cs>

<h1>Horsehair</h1>
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<hw>Horse"hair`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hair of a horse, especially one from the mane or tail; the hairs of the mane or tail taken collectively; a fabric or tuft made of such hairs.</def>

<cs><col>Horsehair worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the hair worm or gordius.</cd></cs>

<h1>Horsehead</h1>
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<hw>Horse"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The silver moonfish (<spn>Selene vomer</spn>).</def>

<h1>Horsehide</h1>
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<hw>Horse"hide`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The hide of a horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Leather made of the hide of a horse.</def>

<h1>Horse-jockey</h1>
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<hw>Horse"-jock`ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A professional rider and trainer of race horses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A trainer and dealer in horses.</def>

<h1>Horseknop</h1>
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<hw>Horse"knop`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Knapweed.</def>

<h1>Horselaugh</h1>
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<hw>Horse"laugh`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A loud, boisterous laugh; a guffaw.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Horse-leech</h1>
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<hw>Horse"-leech`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large blood-sucking leech (<spn>H\'91mopsis vorax</spn>), of Europe and Northern Africa. It attacks the lips and mouths of horses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A farrier; a veterinary surgeon.</def>

<h1>Horse-leechery</h1>
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<hw>Horse"-leech`er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The business of a farrier; especially, the art of curing the diseases of horses.</def>

<h1>Horse-litter</h1>
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<hw>Horse"-lit`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A carriage hung on poles, and borne by and between two horses.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Horseman</h1>
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<hw>Horse"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Horsemen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rider on horseback; one skilled in the management of horses; a mounted man.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A mounted soldier; a cavalryman.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A land crab of the genus <spn>Ocypoda</spn>, living on the coast of Brazil and the West Indies, noted for running very swiftly.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A West Indian fish of the genus <spn>Eques</spn>, as the light-horseman (<spn>E. lanceolatus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Horsemanship</h1>
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<hw>Horse"man*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or art of riding, and of training and managing horses; manege.</def>

<h1>Horsemint</h1>
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<hw>Horse"mint`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A coarse American plant of the Mint family (<spn>Monarda punctata</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In England, the wild mint (<spn>Mentha sylvestris</spn>).</def>

<h1>Horsenail</h1>
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<hw>Horse"nail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thin, pointed nail, with a heavy flaring head, for securing a horsehoe to the hoof; a horsehoe nail.</def>

<h1>Horseplay</h1>
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<hw>Horse"play`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rude, boisterous play.</def>

<blockquote>Too much given to <b>horseplay</b> in his raillery.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Horsepond</h1>
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<hw>Horse"pond`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pond for watering horses.</def>

<h1>Horse power</h1>
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<hw>Horse" pow`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. <p><b>1.</b> The power which a horse exerts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A unit of power, used in stating the power required to drive machinery, and in estimating the capabilities of animals or steam engines and other prime movers for doing work. It is the power required for the performance of work at the rate of 33,000 English units of work per minute; hence, it is the power that must be exerted in lifting 33,000 pounds at the rate of one foot per minute, or 550 pounds at the rate of one foot per second, or 55 pounds at the rate of ten feet per second, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; The power of a draught horse, of average strength, working eight hours per day, is about four fifths of a standard <i>horse power</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Brake horse power</col>, <cd>the net effective power of a prime mover, as a steam engine, water wheel, etc., in horse powers, as shown by a friction brake. See <cref>Friction brake</cref>, under <er>Friction</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indicated horse power</col>, <cd>the power exerted in the cylinder of an engine, stated in horse powers, estimated from the diameter and speed of the piston, and the mean effective pressure upon it as shown by an indicator. See <er>Indicator</er>.</cd> -- <col>Nominal horse power</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>a term still sometimes used in England to express certain proportions of cylinder, but having no value as a standard of measurement.</cd></cs>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A machine worked by a horse, for driving other machinery; a horse motor.</def>

<h1>Horse-radish</h1>
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<hw>Horse"-rad`ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Nasturtium</spn> (<spn>N. Armoracia</spn>), allied to scurvy grass, having a root of a pungent taste, much used, when grated, as a condiment and in medicine.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<cs><col>Horse-radish tree</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Moringa</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Horserake</h1>
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<hw>Horse"rake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rake drawn by a horse.</def>

<h1>Horseshoe</h1>
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<hw>Horse"shoe`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shoe for horses, consisting of a narrow plate of iron in form somewhat like the letter <sansserif>U</sansserif>, nailed to a horse's hoof.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything shaped like a horsehoe crab.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Limulus of horsehoe crab.</def>

<cs><col>Horsehoe head</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an old name for the condition of the skull in children, in which the sutures are too open, the coronal suture presenting the form of a horsehoe. <i>Dunglison</i>.</cd> -- <col>Horsehoe magnet</col>, <cd>an artificial magnet in the form of a horsehoe.</cd> -- <col>Horsehoe nail</col>. <cd>See <er>Horsenail</er>.</cd> -- <col>Horsehoe nose</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bat of the genus <spn>Rhinolophus</spn>, having a nasal fold of skin shaped like a horsehoe.</cd></cs>

<h1>Horseshoer</h1>
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<hw>Horse"sho`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who shoes horses.</def>

<h1>Horseshoeing</h1>
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<hw>Horse"shoe`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or employment of shoeing horses.</def>

<h1>Horsetail</h1>
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<hw>Horse"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leafless plant, with hollow and rushlike stems. It is of the genus <spn>Equisetum</spn>, and is allied to the ferns. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Equisetum</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Turkish standard, denoting rank.</def>

<note>&hand; Commanders are distinguished by the number of <i>horsetails</i> carried before them. Thus, the sultan has seven, the grand vizier five, and the pashas three, two, or one.</note>

<cs><col>Shrubby horsetail</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Joint-fir</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Horseweed</h1>
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<hw>Horse"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A composite plant (<spn>Erigeron Canadensis</spn>), which is a common weed.</def>

<h1>Horsewhip</h1>
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<hw>Horse"whip`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A whip for horses.</def>

<h1>Horsewhip</h1>
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<hw>Horse"whip`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To flog or chastise with a horsewhip.</def>

<h1>Horsewoman</h1>
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<hw>Horse"wom`an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Horsewomen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A woman who rides on horseback.</def>

<h1>Horsewood</h1>
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<hw>Horse"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A West Indian tree (<spn>Calliandra latifolia</spn>) with showy, crimson blossoms.</def>

<h1>Horseworm</h1>
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<hw>Horse"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The larva of a botfly.</def>

<h1>Horsiness</h1>
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<hw>Hors"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition or quality of being a horse; that which pertains to a horse.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fondness for, or interest in, horses.</def>

<h1>Horsly</h1>
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<hw>Hors"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Horselike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Horsy</h1>
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<hw>Hors"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or suggestive of, a horse, or of horse racing; <as>as, <ex>horsy</ex> manners; garments of fantastically <ex>horsy</ex> fashions.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Hortation</h1>
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<hw>Hor*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hortatio</ets>, fr. <ets>hortari</ets> to incite, exhort, fr. <ets>hori</ets> to urge.]</ety> <def>The act of exhorting, inciting, or giving advice; exhortation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Hortative</h1>
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<hw>Hor"ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hortativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Giving exhortation; advisory; exhortative.</def>

<i>Bullokar.</i>

<hr>
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Page 708<p>

<h1>Hortative</h1>
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<hw>Hor"ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An exhortation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hortatory</h1>
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<hw>Hor"ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hortatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Giving exhortation or advise; encouraging; exhortatory; inciting; <as>as, a <ex>hortatory</ex> speech</as>.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Hortensial</h1>
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<hw>Hor*ten"sial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hortensius</ets>, <ets>hortensis</ets>, fr. <ets>hortus</ets> garden; akin to E. <ets>yard</ets> an inclosure.]</ety> <def>Fit for a garden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Horticultor</h1>
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<hw>Hor"ti*cul`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>hortus</ets> garden + <ets>cultor</ets> a cultivator, <ets>colere</ets> to cultivate.]</ety> <def>One who cultivates a garden.</def>

<h1>Horticultural</h1>
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<hw>Hor`ti*cul"tur*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>horticultural</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to horticulture, or the culture of gardens or orchards.</def>

<h1>Horticulture</h1>
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<hw>Hor"ti*cul`ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hortus</ets> garden + <ets>cultura</ets> culture: cf. F. <ets>horticulture</ets>. See <er>Yard</er> an inclosure, and <er>Culture</er>.]</ety> <def>The cultivation of a garden or orchard; the art of cultivating gardens or orchards.</def>

<h1>Horticulturist</h1>
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<hw>Hor`ti*cul"tur*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices horticulture.</def>

<h1>Hortulan</h1>
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<hw>Hor"tu*lan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hortulanus</ets>; <ets>hortus</ets> garden.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a garden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Hortus siccus</h1>
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<hw>Hor"tus sic"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., a dry garden.]</ety> <def>A collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved, and arranged systematically; an herbarium.</def>

<h1>Hortyard</h1>
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<hw>Hort"yard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An orchard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hosanna</h1>
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<hw>Ho*san"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hosannas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. Heb. <ets>h\'d3sh\'c6'\'beh nn\'be</ets>save now, save, we pray, <ets>h\'d3sh\'c6a'</ets> to save (Hiphil, a causative form, of <ets>y\'besha'</ets>) + <ets>n\'be</ets>, a particle.]</ety> <def>A Hebrew exclamation of praise to the Lord, or an invocation of blessings.</def> "<i>Hosanna</i> to the Highest."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote><b>Hosanna</b> to the Son of David.
<i>Matt. xxi. 9.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hose</h1>
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<hw>Hose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hose</plw>, formerly <plw>Hosen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>hose</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hoos</ets>, G. <ets>hose</ets> breeches, OHG. <ets>hosa</ets>, Icel. <ets>hosa</ets> stocking, gather, Dan. <ets>hose</ets> stocking; cf. Russ. <ets>koshulia</ets> a fur jacket.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Close-fitting trousers or breeches, as formerly worn, reaching to the knee.</def>

<blockquote>These men were bound in their coats, their <b>hosen</b>, and their hats, and their other garments.
<i>Dan. iii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His youthful <b>hose</b>, well saved, a world too wide
For his shrunk shank.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Covering for the feet and lower part of the legs; a stocking or stockings.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A flexible pipe, made of leather, India rubber, or other material, and used for conveying fluids, especially water, from a faucet, hydrant, or fire engine.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Hose carriage</col>, <col>cart</col>, &or; <col>truck</col></mcol>, <cd>a wheeled vehicle fitted for conveying hose for extinguishing fires.</cd> -- <col>Hose company</col>, <cd>a company of men appointed to bring and manage hose in the extinguishing of fires.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Hose coupling</col></mcol>, <cd>coupling with interlocking parts for uniting hose, end to end.</cd> -- <col>Hose wrench</col>, <cd>a spanner for turning hose couplings, to unite or disconnect them.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hosen</h1>
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<hw>Ho"sen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Hose</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Hosier</h1>
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<hw>Ho"sier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who deals in hose or stocking, or in goods knit or woven like hose.</def>

<h1>Hosiery</h1>
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<hw>Ho"sier*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The business of a hosier.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Stockings, in general; goods knit or woven like hose.</def>

<h1>Hospice</h1>
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<hw>Hos"pice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>hospitium</ets> hospitality, a place where strangers are entertained, fr. <ets>hospes</ets> stranger, guest. See <er>Host</er> a landlord.]</ety> <def>A convent or monastery which is also a place of refuge or entertainment for travelers on some difficult road or pass, as in the Alps; <as>as, the <ex>Hospice</ex> of the Great St</as>. Bernard.</def>

<h1>Hospitable</h1>
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<hw>Hos"pi*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>hospitable</ets>, LL. <ets>hospitare</ets> to receive as a guest. See <er>Host</er> a landlord.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Receiving and entertaining strangers or guests with kindness and without reward; kind to strangers and guests; characterized by hospitality.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Proceeding from or indicating kindness and generosity to guests and strangers; <as>as, <ex>hospitable</ex> rites</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To where you taper cheers the vale
With <b>hospitable</b> ray.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hospitableness</h1>
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<hw>Hos"pi*ta*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being hospitable; hospitality.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Hospitably</h1>
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<hw>Hos"pi*ta*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a hospitable manner.</def>

<h1>Hospitage</h1>
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<hw>Hos"pi*tage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>hospitagium</ets>, for L. <ets>hospitium</ets>. See <er>Hospice</er>.]</ety> <def>Hospitality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Hospital</h1>
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<hw>Hos"pi*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>hospital</ets>, <ets>ospital</ets>, F. <ets>h\'93pital</ets>, LL. <ets>hospitale</ets> (or perh. E. <ets>hospital</ets> is directly from the Late Latin), from L. <ets>hospitalis</ets> relating to a guest, <ets>hospitalia</ets> apartments for guests, fr. <ets>hospes</ets> guest. See <er>Host</er> a landlord, and cf. <er>Hostel</er>, <er>Hotel</er>, <er>Spital</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place for shelter or entertainment; an inn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A building in which the sick, injured, or infirm are received and treated; a public or private institution founded for reception and cure, or for the refuge, of persons diseased in body or mind, or disabled, infirm, or dependent, and in which they are treated either at their own expense, or more often by charity in whole or in part; a tent, building, or other place where the sick or wounded of an army cared for.</def>

<cs><col>Hospital ship</col>, <cd>a vessel fitted up for a floating hospital.</cd> -- <col>Hospital Sunday</col>, <cd>a Sunday set apart for simultaneous contribution in churches to hospitals; as, the London <i>Hospital Sunday<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hospital</h1>
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<hw>Hos"pi*tal</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hospitalis</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>hospital</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hospitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Hospitaler</h1>
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<hw>Hos"pi*tal*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hospitaller</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[F. <ets>hospitalier</ets>. See <er>Hospital</er>, and cf. <er>Hostler</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One residing in a hospital, for the purpose of receiving the poor, the sick, and strangers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of an order of knights who built a hospital at Jerusalem for pilgrims, <sc>A. D.</sc> 1042.  They were called <i>Knights of St. John of Jerusalem</i>, and after the removal of the order to Malta, <i>Knights of Malta</i>.</def>

<h1>Hospitalism</h1>
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<hw>Hos"pi*tal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A vitiated condition of the body, due to long confinement in a hospital, or the morbid condition of the atmosphere of a hospital.</def>

<h1>Hospitality</h1>
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<hw>Hos`pi*tal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hospitalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>hospitalitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hospitalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of one who is hospitable; reception and entertainment of strangers or guests without reward, or with kind and generous liberality.</def>

<blockquote>Given to <b>hospitality</b>.
<i>Rom. xii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And little recks to find the way to heaven
By doing deeds of <b>hospitality</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hospitalize</h1>
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<hw>Hos"pi*tal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To render (a building) unfit for habitation, by long continued use as a hospital.</def>

<h1>Hospitate</h1>
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<hw>Hos"pi*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hospitatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>hospitari</ets> to be a guest, fr. <ets>hospes</ets> guest.]</ety> <def>To receive hospitality; to be a guest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Hospitate</h1>
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<hw>Hos"pi*tate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To receive with hospitality; to lodge as a guest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Hospitium</h1>
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<hw>Hos*pi"ti*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Hospice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inn; a lodging; a hospice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An inn of court.</def>

<h1>Hospodar</h1>
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<hw>Hos"po*dar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A Slav. word; cf. Russ. <ets>gospodare</ets> lord, master.]</ety> <def>A title borne by the princes or governors of Moldavia and Wallachia before those countries were united as Roumania.</def>

<h1>Host</h1>
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<hw>Host</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>hostia</ets> sacrifice, victim, from <ets>hostire</ets> to strike.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The consecrated wafer, believed to be the body of Christ, which in the Mass is offered as a sacrifice; also, the bread before consecration.</def>

<note>&hand; In the Latin Vulgate the word was applied to the Savior as being an offering for the sins of men.</note>

<h1>Host</h1>
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<hw>Host</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>host</ets>, <ets>ost</ets>, OF. <ets>host</ets>, <ets>ost</ets>, fr. L. <ets>hostis</ets> enemy, LL., army. See <er>Guest</er>, and cf. <er>Host</er> a landlord.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An army; a number of men gathered for war.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>host</b> so great as covered all the field.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any great number or multitude; a throng.</def>

<blockquote>And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly <b>host</b> praising God.
<i>Luke ii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All at once I saw a crowd,
A <b>host</b>, of golden daffodils.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Host</h1>
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<hw>Host</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>host</ets>, <ets>ost</ets>, OF. <ets>hoste</ets>, <ets>oste</ets>, F. <ets>h\'93te</ets>, from L. <ets>hospes</ets> a stranger who is treated as a guest, he who treats another as his guest, a hostl prob. fr. <ets>hostis</ets> stranger, enemy (akin to E. <ets>guest</ets> a visitor) + <ets>potis</ets> able; akin to Skr. <ets>pati</ets> master, lord. See <er>Host</er> an army, <er>Possible</er>, and cf. <er>Hospitable</er>, <er>Hotel</er>.]</ety> <def>One who receives or entertains another, whether gratuitosly or for compensation; one from whom another receives food, lodging, or entertainment; a landlord.</def> <i>Chaucer</i>. "Fair <i>host</i> and Earl." <i>Tennyson</i>.

<blockquote>Time is like a fashionable <b>host</b>,
That slightly shakes his parting guest by the hand.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Host</h1>
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<hw>Host</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give entertainment to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Host</h1>
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<hw>Host</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lodge at an inn; to take up entertainment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Where you shall <i>host</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hostage</h1>
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<hw>Hos"tage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hostage</ets>, OF. <ets>hostage</ets>, <ets>ostage</ets>, F. <ets>\'93tage</ets>, LL. <ets>hostaticus</ets>, <ets>ostaticum</ets>, for <ets>hospitaticum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>hospes</ets> guest, host. The first meaning is, the state of a guest, hospitality; hence, the state of a hostage (treated as a guest); and both these meanings occur in Old French. See <er>Host</er> a landlord.]</ety> <def>A person given as a pledge or security for the performance of the conditions of a treaty or stipulations of any kind, on the performance of which the person is to be released.</def>

<blockquote>Your <b>hostages</b> I have, so have you mine;
And we shall talk before we fight.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He that hath a wife and children hath given <b>hostages</b> to fortune.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hostel</h1>
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<hw>Hos"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hostel</ets>, <ets>ostel</ets>, OF. <ets>hostel</ets>, <ets>ostel</ets>, LL. <ets>hospitale</ets>, <ets>hospitalis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>hospitalis</ets>. See <er>Hospital</er>, and cf. <er>Hotel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inn.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Poe.</i>

<blockquote>So pass I <b>hostel</b>, hall, and grange.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small, unendowed college in Oxford or Cambridge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Hosteler</h1>
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<hw>Hos"tel*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hostel</er>, and cf. <er>Hostler</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The keeper of a hostel or inn.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A student in a hostel, or small unendowed collede in Oxford or Cambridge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Hostelry</h1>
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<hw>Hos"tel*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hostelrie</ets>, <ets>hostelrye</ets>, <ets>ostelrie</ets>, OF. <ets>hostelerie</ets>, fr. <ets>hostel</ets>. See <er>Hostel</er>.]</ety> <def>An inn; a lodging house.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>. "Homely brought up in a rude <i>hostelry</i>." <i>B. Jonson</i>.

<blockquote>Come with me to the <b>hostelry</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hostess</h1>
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<hw>Host"ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hostesse</ets>, <ets>ostesse</ets>. See <er>Host</er> a landlord.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A female host; a woman who hospitably entertains guests at her house.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A woman who entertains guests for compensation; a female innkeeper.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hostess-ship</h1>
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<hw>Host"ess-ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The character, personality, or office of a hostess.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hostie</h1>
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<hw>Hos"tie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See 1st <er>Host</er>.]</ety> <def>The consecrated wafer; the host.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Hostile</h1>
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<hw>Hos"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hostilis</ets>, from <ets>hostis</ets> enemy: cf. F. <ets>hostile</ets>. See <er>Host</er> an army.]</ety> <def>Belonging or appropriate to an enemy; showing the disposition of an enemy; showing ill will and malevolence, or a desire to thwart and injure; occupied by an enemy or enemies; inimical; unfriendly; <as>as, a <ex>hostile</ex> force; <ex>hostile</ex> intentions; a <ex>hostile</ex> country; <ex>hostile</ex> to a sudden change.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Warlike; inimical; unfriendly; antagonistic; opposed; adverse; opposite; contrary; repugnant.</syn>

<h1>Hostile</h1>
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<hw>Hos"tile</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An enemy; esp., an American Indian in arms against the whites; -- commonly in the plural.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>P. H. Sheridan.</i>

<h1>Hostilely</h1>
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<hw>Hos"tile*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a hostile manner.</def>

<h1>Hostility</h1>
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<hw>Hos*til"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hostilities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>hostilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hostilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>State of being hostile; public or private enemy; unfriendliness; animosity.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hostility</b> being thus suspended with France.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An act of an open enemy; a hostile deed; especially in the plural, acts of warfare; attacks of an enemy.</def>

<blockquote>We have showed ourselves generous adversaries . . . and have carried on even our <b>hostilities</b> with humanity.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He who proceeds to wanton <b>hostility</b>, often provokes an enemy where he might have a friend.
<i>Crabb.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Animosity; enmity; opposition; violence; aggression; contention; warfare.</syn>

<h1>Hostilize</h1>
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<hw>Hos"til*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make hostile; to cause to become an enemy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>A. Seward.</i>

<h1>Hosting</h1>
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<hw>Host"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Host</er> an army.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An encounter; a battle.</def> "Fierce <i>hosting</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A muster or review.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Hostler</h1>
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<hw>Hos"tler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hosteler</ets>, <ets>osteler</ets>, innkeeper, OF. <ets>hostelier</ets>, F. <ets>h\'93telier</ets>. See <er>Hostel</er>, and cf. <er>Hospitaler</er>, <er>Hosteler</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An innkeeper. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Hosteler</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The person who has the care of horses at an inn or stable; hence, any one who takes care of horses; a groom; -- so called because the innkeeper formerly attended to this duty in person.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>The person who takes charge of a locomotive when it is left by the engineer after a trip.</def>

<h1>Hostless</h1>
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<hw>Host"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inhospitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>hostless</i> house."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Hostry</h1>
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<hw>Host"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hosterie</ets>, <ets>osterie</ets>, OF. <ets>hosterie</ets>. See <er>Host</er> a landlord.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hostelry; an inn or lodging house.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marlowe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stable for horses.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Hot</h1>
<Xpage=708>

<hw>Hot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Hote</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Hot</h1>
<Xpage=708>

<hw>Hot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Hotter</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Hottest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hot</ets>, <ets>hat</ets>, AS. <ets>h\'bet</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>h\'c7t</ets>, D. <ets>heet</ets>, OHG. <ets>heiz</ets>, G. <ets>heiss</ets>, Icel. <ets>heitr</ets>, Sw. <ets>het</ets>, Dan. <ets>heed</ets>, <ets>hed</ets>; cf. Goth. <ets>heit\'d3</ets> fever, <ets>hais</ets> torch. Cf. <er>Heat</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having much sensible heat; exciting the feeling of warmth in a great degree; very warm; -- opposed to <i>cold</i>, and exceeding <i>warm</i> in degree; <as>as, a <ex>hot</ex> stove; <ex>hot</ex> water or air.</as></def> "A <i>hot</i>venison pasty."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by heat, ardor, or animation; easily excited; firely; vehement; passionate; violent; eager.</def>

<blockquote>Achilles is impatient, <b>hot</b>, and revengeful.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There was mouthing in <b>hot</b> haste.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lustful; lewd; lecherous.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Acrid; biting; pungent; <as>as, <ex>hot</ex> as mustard</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Hot bed</col> <fld>(Iron Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>an iron platform in a rolling mill, on which hot bars, rails, etc., are laid to cool.</cd> -- <col>Hot wall</col> <fld>(Gardening)</fld>, <cd>a wall provided with flues for the conducting of heat, to hasten the growth of fruit trees or the ripening of fruit.</cd> -- <col>Hot well</col> <fld>(Condensing Engines)</fld>, <cd>a receptacle for the hot water drawn from the condenser by the air pump. This water is returned to the boiler, being drawn from the hot well by the feed pump.</cd> -- <col>In hot water</col> (<it>Fig.<it>), <cd>in trouble; in difficulties.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Burning; fiery; fervid; glowing; eager; animated; brisk; vehement; precipitate; violent; furious; ardent; fervent; impetuous; irascible; passionate; hasty; excitable.</syn>

<h1>Hotbed</h1>
<Xpage=708>

<hw>Hot"bed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gardening)</fld> <def>A bed of earth heated by fermenting manure or other substances, and covered with glass, intended for raising early plants, or for nourishing exotics.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place which favors rapid growth or development; <as>as, a <ex>hotbed</ex> of sedition</as>.</def>

<h1>Hot blast</h1>
<Xpage=708>

<hw>Hot" blast`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Blast</er>.</def>

<h1>Hot-blooded</h1>
<Xpage=708>

<hw>Hot"-blood`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having hot blood; excitable; high-spirited; irritable; ardent; passionate.</def>

<h1>Hot-brained</h1>
<Xpage=708>

<hw>Hot"-brained`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ardent in temper; violent; rash; impetuous; <as>as, <ex>hot-brained</ex> youth</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Hotchpot, Hotchpotch</h1>
<Xpage=708>

<hw><hw>Hotch"pot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hotch"potch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hochepot</ets>, fr. <ets>hocher</ets> to shake + <ets>pot</ets> pot; both of Dutch or German origin; cf. OD. <ets>hutspot</ets> hotchpotch, D. <ets>hotsen</ets>, <ets>hutsen</ets>, to shake. See <er>Hustle</er>, and <er>Pot</er>, and cf. <er>Hodgepodge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mingled mass; a confused mixture; a stew of various ingredients; a hodgepodge.</def>

<blockquote>A mixture or <b>hotchpotch</b> of many tastes.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A blending of property for equality of division, as when lands given in frank-marriage to one daughter were, after the death of the ancestor, blended with the lands descending to her and to her sisters from the same ancestor, and then divided in equal portions among all the daughters. In modern usage, a mixing together, or throwing into a common mass or stock, of the estate left by a person deceased and the amounts advanced to any particular child or children, for the purpose of a more equal division, or of equalizing the shares of all the children; the property advanced being accounted for at its value when given.</def>

<i>Bouvier. Tomlins.</i>

<note>&hand; This term has been applied in cases of salvage. <i>Story</i>. It corresponds in a measure with <i>collation</i> in the civil and Scotch law. See <er>Collation</er>.</note>

<i>Bouvier. Tomlins.</i>

<h1>Hotcockles</h1>
<Xpage=708>

<hw>Hot"coc`kles</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hot</ets> + <ets>cockle</ets>, <ets>cockle</ets> being perh. corrupt. fr. <ets>knuckle</ets>. Cf. F. <ets>main chaude</ets> (lit., hot hand) hotcockles.]</ety> <def>A childish play, in which one covers his eyes, and guesses who strikes him or his hand placed behind him.</def>

<h1>Hote</h1>
<Xpage=708>

<hw>Hote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>pres. & imp.</tt> <er>Hatte</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Hot</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, etc.; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Hote</er>, <er>Hoten</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <er>Hot</er>, etc. See <er>Hight</er>, <er>Hete</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To command; to enjoin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To promise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be called; to be named.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There as I was wont to <b>hote</b> Arcite,
Now hight I Philostrate, not worth a mite.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hotel</h1>
<Xpage=708>

<hw>Ho*tel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>h\'93tel</ets>, OF. <ets>hostel</ets>. See <er>Hostel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A house for entertaining strangers or travelers; an inn or public house, of the better class.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In France, the mansion or town residence of a person of rank or wealth.</def>

<h1>H\'93tel-de-ville</h1>
<Xpage=708>

<hw>H\'93tel`-de-ville"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A city hall or townhouse.</def>

<h1>H\'93tel-Dieu</h1>
<Xpage=708>

<hw>H\'93tel`-Dieu"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A hospital.</def>

<h1>Hoten</h1>
<Xpage=708>

<hw>Hot"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Hote</er>.</def>

<h1>Hotfoot</h1>
<Xpage=708>

<hw>Hot"foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In haste; foothot.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Hot-head</h1>
<Xpage=708>

<hw>Hot"-head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A violent, passionate person; a hasty or impetuous person; <as>as, the rant of a <ex>hot-head</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Hot-headed</h1>
<Xpage=708>

<hw>Hot"-head`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fiery; violent; rash; hasty; impetuous; vehement.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Hothouse</h1>
<Xpage=708>

<hw>Hot"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A house kept warm to shelter tender plants and shrubs from the cold air; a place in which the plants of warmer climates may be reared, and fruits ripened.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bagnio, or bathing house.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A brothel; a bagnio.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Pottery)</fld> <def>A heated room for drying green ware.</def>

<hr>
<page="709">
Page 709<p>

<h1>Hot-livered</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hot"-liv`ered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of an excitable or irritable temperament; irascible.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Hotly</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hot"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Hot</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a hot or fiery manner; ardently; vehemently; violently; hastily; <as>as, a <ex>hotly</ex> pursued</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a lustful manner; lustfully.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Hot-mouthed</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hot"-mouthed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Headstrong.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>hot-mouthed</b> beast that bears against the curb.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hotness</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hot"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being hot.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Heat or excitement of mind or manner; violence; vehemence; impetuousity; ardor; fury.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Hotpress</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hot"press`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To apply to, in conjunction with mechanical pressure, for the purpose of giving a smooth and glosay surface, or to express oil, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>hotpress</ex> paper, linen, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Hotpressed</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hot"pressed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pressed while heat is applied. See <er>Hotpress</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Hot-short</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hot"-short`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>More or less brittle when heated; <as>as, <ex>hot-short</ex> iron</as>.</def>

<h1>Hot-spirited</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hot"-spir`it*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a fierly spirit; hot-headed.</def>

<h1>Hotspur</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hot"spur`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hot</ets> + <ets>spur</ets>.]</ety> <def>A rash, hot-headed man.</def>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Hotspur, Hotspurred</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw><hw>Hot"spur`</hw>, <hw>Hot"spurred`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Violent; impetuous; headstrong.</def>

<i>Spenser. Peacham.</i>

<h1>Hottentot</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hot"ten*tot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>Hottentot</ets>; -- so called from <ets>hot</ets> and <ets>tot</ets>, two syllables of frequent occurrence in their language. <i>Wedgwood</i>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>One of a degraded<-- "pastoral", in MW10 --> and savage race of South Africa, with yellowish brown complexion, high cheek bones, and wooly hair growing in tufts.</def><-- = The tribes speaking Khoisan; Bushman(? any difference?) -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The language of the Hottentots, which is remarkable for its clicking sounds.</def><-- = Khoisan -->

<cs><col>Hottentot cherry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a South African plant of the genus <spn>Cassine</spn> (<spn>C. maurocenia</spn>), having handsome foliage, with generally inconspicuous white or green flowers. <i>Loudon</i>.</cd> -- <col>Hottentot's bread</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Elephant's foot</cref> <sd>(a)</sd>, under <er>Elephant</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hottentotism</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hot"ten*tot*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A term employed to describe one of the varieties of stammering.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<h1>Houdah</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hou"dah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Howdah</er>.</def>

<h1>Hough</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hough</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hock</er>, a joint.</def>

<h1>Hough</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hough</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Houghed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Houghing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Same as <er>Hock</er>, to hamstring.</def>

<h1>Hough</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hough</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>hak</ets>. Cf. <er>Hack</er>.]</ety> <def>An adz; a hoe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i>

<h1>Hough</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hough</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cut with a hoe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Houlet</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hou"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An owl. See <er>Howlet</er>.</def>

<h1>Hoult</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hoult</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A piece of woodland; a small wood. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Holt</er>.</def>

<h1>Hound</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hound</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hound</ets>, <ets>hund</ets>, dog, AS. <ets>hund</ets>; akin to OS. & OFries. <ets>hund</ets>, D. <ets>hond</ets>, G. <ets>hund</ets>, OHG. <ets>hunt</ets>, Icel. <ets>hundr</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>hund</ets>, Goth. <ets>hunds</ets>, and prob. to Lith. <ets>sz<?/</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>cu</ets>, L. <ets>canis</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, Skr. <ets>\'87van</ets>. &root;229. Cf. <er>Canine</er>, <er>Cynic</er>, <er>Kennel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A variety of the domestic dog, usually having large, drooping ears, esp. one which hunts game by scent, as the foxhound, bloodhound, deerhound, but also used for various breeds of fleet hunting dogs, as the greyhound, boarhound, etc.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hounds</b> and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, curs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A despicable person.</def> "Boy! false <i>hound</i>!"

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A houndfish.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Projections at the masthead, serving as a support for the trestletrees and top to rest on.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A side bar used to strengthen portions of the running gear of a vehicle.</def>

<cs><col>To follow the hounds</col>, <cd>to hunt with hounds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hound</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hound</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hounded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hounding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set on the chase; to incite to pursuit; <as>as, to <ex>hound</ex>a dog at a hare; to <ex>hound</ex> on pursuers.</as></def>

<i>Abp. Bramhall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hunt or chase with hounds, or as with hounds.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Houndfish</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hound"fish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any small shark of the genus <spn>Galeus</spn> or <spn>Mustelus</spn>, of which there are several species, as the smooth houndfish (<spn>G. canis</spn>), of Europe and America; -- called also <altname>houndshark</altname>, and <altname>dogfish</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The European nursehound, or small-spotted dogfish, is <spn>Scyllium canicula</spn>; the rough houndfish, or large-spotted dogfish, is <spn>S. catulus</spn>. The name has also sometimes been applied to the bluefish (<spn>Pomatomus saltatrix</spn>), and to the silver gar.</note>

<h1>Hounding</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hound"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who hounds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The part of a mast below the hounds and above the deck.</def>

<h1>Hound's-tongue</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hound's"-tongue`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hundes tunge</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A biennial weed (<spn>Cynoglossum officinale</spn>), with soft tongue-shaped leaves, and an offensive odor. It bears nutlets covered with barbed or hooked prickles. Called also <altname>dog's-tongue</altname>.</def>

<h1>Houp</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Houp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hoopoe</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hour</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hour</ets>, <ets>our</ets>, <ets>hore</ets>, <ets>ure</ets>, OF. <ets>hore</ets>, <ets>ore</ets>, <ets>ure</ets>, F. <ets>heure</ets>, L. <ets>hora</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, orig., a definite space of time, fixed by natural laws; hence, a season, the time of the day, an hour. See <er>Year</er>, and cf. <er>Horologe</er>, <er>Horoscope</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The twenty-fourth part of a day; sixty minutes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The time of the day, as expressed in hours and minutes, and indicated by a timepiece; as, what is the <i>hour</i>? At what <i>hour</i> shall we meet?</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fixed or appointed time; conjuncture; a particular time or occasion; <as>as, the <ex>hour</ex> of greatest peril; the man for the <ex>hour</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Woman, . . . mine <b>hour</b> is not yet come.
<i>John ii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This is your <b>hour</b>, and the power of darkness.
<i>Luke xxii. 53.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>Certain prayers to be repeated at stated times of the day, as matins and vespers.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A measure of distance traveled.</def>

<blockquote>Vilvoorden, three <b>hours</b> from Brussels.
<i>J. P. Peters.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>After hours</col>, <cd>after the time appointed for one's regular labor.</cd> -- <col>Canonical hours</col>. <cd>See under <er>Canonical</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hour angle</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the angle between the hour circle passing through a given body, and the meridian of a place.</cd> -- <col>Hour circle</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any circle of the sphere passing through the two poles of the equator; esp., one of the circles drawn on an artificial globe through the poles, and dividing the equator into spaces of 15&deg;, or one hour, each.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A circle upon an equatorial telescope lying parallel to the plane of the earth's equator, and graduated in hours and subdivisions of hours of right ascension.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A small brass circle attached to the north pole of an artificial globe, and divided into twenty-four parts or hours. It is used to mark differences of time in working problems on the globe.</cd> -- <col>Hour hand</col>, <cd>the hand or index which shows the hour on a timepiece.</cd> -- <col>Hour line</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>A line indicating the hour.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Dialing)</fld> <cd>A line on which the shadow falls at a given hour; the intersection of an hour circle which the face of the dial.</cd> -- <col>Hour plate</col>, <cd>the plate of a timepiece on which the hours are marked; the dial. <i>Locke</i>.</cd> -- <col>Sidereal hour</col>, <cd>the twenty-fourth part of a sidereal day.</cd> -- <col>Solar hour</col>, <cd>the twenty-fourth part of a solar day.</cd> -- <col>The small hours</col>, <cd>the early hours of the morning, as one o'clock, two o'clock, etc.</cd><-- also "wee hours" --> -- <col>To keep good hours</col>, <cd>to be regular in going to bed early.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hourglass</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hour"glass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instrument for measuring time, especially the interval of an hour. It consists of a glass vessel having two compartments, from the uppermost of which a quantity of sand, water, or mercury occupies an hour in running through a small aperture unto the lower.</def>

<note>&hand; A similar instrument measuring any other interval of time takes its name from the interval measured; as, a <stype>half-hour glass</stype>, a <stype>half-minute glass</stype>. A <stype>three-minute glass</stype> is sometimes called an <i>egg-glass</i>, from being used to time the boiling of eggs.<-- also = egg timer --></note>

<h1>Houri</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hou"ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Houris</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Per. <ets>h&umac;r\'c6</ets>, <ets>h&umac;r\'be</ets>, <ets>h&umac;r</ets>; akin to Ar. <ets>h&umac;r</ets>, pl. of <ets>ahwar</ets> beautiful-eyed, black-eyed.]</ety> <def>A nymph of paradise; -- so called by the Mohammedans.</def>

<h1>Hourly</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hour"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Happening or done every hour; occurring hour by hour; frequent; often repeated; renewed hour by hour; continual.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>hourly</b> expectation of a martyrdom.
<i>Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hourly</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hour"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Every hour; frequently; continually.</def>

<blockquote>Great was their strife, which <b>hourly</b> was renewed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hours</h1>
<Xpage=709>

<hw>Hours</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[A translation of L. <ets>Horae</ets> (Gr. <?/). See <er>Hour</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>Goddess of the seasons, or of the hours of the day.</def>

<blockquote>Lo! where the rosy-blosomed <b>Hours</b>,
Fair Venus' train, appear.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Housage</h1>
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<hw>Hous"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>House</er>.]</ety> <def>A fee for keeping goods in a house.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i> Chambers.</i>

<h1>House</h1>
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<hw>House</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Houses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>hous</ets>, <ets>hus</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/s</ets>; akin to OS. & OFries. <ets>h<?/s</ets>, D. <ets>huis</ets>, OHG. <ets>h<?/s</ets>, G. <ets>haus</ets>, Icel. <ets>h<?/s</ets>, Sw. <ets>hus</ets>, Dan. <ets>huus</ets>, Goth. gud<ets>h<?/s</ets>, house of God, temple; and prob. to E. <ets>hide</ets> to conceal. See <er>Hide</er>, and cf. <er>Hoard</er>, <er>Husband</er>, <er>Hussy</er>, <er>Husting</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A structure intended or used as a habitation or shelter for animals of any kind; but especially, a building or edifice for the habitation of man; a dwelling place, a mansion.</def>

<blockquote><b>Houses</b> are built to live in; not to look on.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Bees with smoke and doves with noisome stench
Are from their hives and <b>houses</b> driven away.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Household affairs; domestic concerns; particularly in the phrase <i>to keep house</i>. See below.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Those who dwell in the same house; a household.</def>

<blockquote>One that feared God with all his <b>house</b>.
<i>Acts x. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A family of ancestors, descendants, and kindred; a race of persons from the same stock; a tribe; especially, a noble family or an illustrious race; <as>as, the <ex>house</ex> of Austria; the <ex>house</ex> of Hanover; the <ex>house</ex> of Israel.</as></def>

<blockquote>The last remaining pillar of their <b>house</b>,
The one transmitter of their ancient name.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>One of the estates of a kingdom or other government assembled in parliament or legislature; a body of men united in a legislative capacity; <as>as, the <ex>House</ex> of Lords; the <ex>House</ex> of Commons; the <ex>House</ex> of Representatives; also, a quorum of such a body. See <er>Congress</er>, and <er>Parliament</er>.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A firm, or commercial establishment.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A public house; an inn; a hotel.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>A twelfth part of the heavens, as divided by six circles intersecting at the north and south points of the horizon, used by astrologers in noting the positions of the heavenly bodies, and casting horoscopes or nativities. The houses were regarded as fixed in respect to the horizon, and numbered from the one at the eastern horizon, called the <i>ascendant</i>, <i>first house</i>, or <i>house of life</i>, downward, or in the direction of the earth's revolution, the stars and planets passing through them in the reverse order every twenty-four hours.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A square on a chessboard, regarded as the proper place of a piece.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>An audience; an assembly of hearers, as at a lecture, a theater, etc.; <as>as, a thin or a full <ex>house</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>The body, as the habitation of the soul.</def>

<blockquote>This mortal <b>house</b> I'll ruin,
Do C\'91sar what he can.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <usage>[With an adj., as <i>narrow</i>, <i>dark</i>, etc.]</usage> <def>The grave.</def> "The narrow <i>house</i>."

<i>Bryant.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>House</i> is much used adjectively and as the first element of compounds. The sense is usually obvious; as, <i>house</i> cricket, <i>house</i>maid, <i>house</i> painter, <i>house</i>work.</note>

<cs><col>House ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small, yellowish brown ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>), which often infests houses, and sometimes becomes a great pest.</cd> -- <col>House of bishops</col> <fld>(Prot. Epis. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>one of the two bodies composing a general convertion, the other being House of Clerical and Lay Deputies.</cd> -- <col>House boat</col>, <cd>a covered boat used as a dwelling.</cd> -- <col>House of call</col>, <cd>a place, usually a public house, where journeymen connected with a particular trade assemble when out of work, ready for the <i>call<i> of employers. <mark>[Eng.]</mark><-- modern name? --> <i>Simonds</i>.</cd> -- <col>House car</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a freight car with inclosing sides and a roof; a box car.</cd> -- <col>House of correction</col>. <cd>See <er>Correction</er>.</cd> -- <col>House cricket</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European cricket (<spn>Gryllus domesticus</spn>), which frequently lives in houses, between the bricks of chimneys and fireplaces. It is noted for the loud chirping or stridulation of the males.</cd> -- <col>House dog</col>, <cd>a dog kept in or about a dwelling house.</cd> -- <col>House finch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the burion.</cd> -- <col>House flag</col>, <cd>a flag denoting the commercial house to which a merchant vessel belongs.</cd> -- <col>House fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common fly (esp. <spn>Musca domestica</spn>), which infests houses both in Europe and America. Its larva is a maggot which lives in decaying substances or excrement, about sink drains, etc.</cd> -- <col>House of God</col>, <cd>a temple or church.</cd> -- <col>House of ill fame</col>. <cd>See <cref>Ill fame</cref> under <er>Ill</er>, <it>a.<it></cd> -- <col>House martin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common European swallow (<spn>Hirundo urbica</spn>). It has feathered feet, and builds its nests of mud against the walls of buildings. Called also <altname>house swallow</altname>, and <altname>window martin</altname>.</cd> -- <col>House mouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common mouse (<spn>Mus musculus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>House physician</col>, <cd>the resident medical adviser of a hospital or other public institution.</cd> -- <col>House snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the milk snake.</cd> -- <col>House sparrow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common European sparrow (<spn>Passer domesticus</spn>). It has recently been introduced into America, where it has become very abundant, esp. in cities. Called also <altname>thatch sparrow</altname>.</cd> -- <col>House spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any spider which habitually lives in houses. Among the most common species are <spn>Theridium tepidariorum</spn> and <spn>Tegenaria domestica</spn>.</cd> -- <col>House surgeon</col>, <cd>the resident surgeon of a hospital.</cd> -- <col>House wren</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common wren of the Eastern United States (<spn>Troglodytes a\'89don</spn>). It is common about houses and in gardens, and is noted for its vivacity, and loud musical notes. See <er>Wren</er>.</cd> -- <col>Religious house</col>, <cd>a monastery or convent.</cd> -- <col>The White House</col>, <cd>the official residence of the President of the United States; -- hence, colloquially, the office of President.</cd><-- also, a parliament building in Moscow --> -- <col>To bring down the house</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bring</er>.</cd> -- <col>To keep house</col>, <cd>to maintain an independent domestic establishment.</cd> -- <col>To keep open house</col>, <cd>to entertain friends at all times.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Dwelling; residence; abode. See <er>Tenement</er>.</syn>

<h1>House</h1>
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<hw>House</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Housed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Housing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/sian</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take or put into a house; to shelter under a roof; to cover from the inclemencies of the weather; to protect by covering; <as>as, to <ex>house</ex> one's family in a comfortable home; to <ex>house</ex> farming utensils; to <ex>house</ex> cattle.</as></def>

<blockquote>At length have <b>housed</b> me in a humble shed.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>House</b> your choicest carnations, or rather set them under a penthouse.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To drive to a shelter.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To admit to residence; to harbor.</def>

<blockquote>Palladius wished him to <b>house</b> all the Helots.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To deposit and cover, as in the grave.</def>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To stow in a safe place; to take down and make safe; <as>as, to <ex>house</ex> the upper spars</as>.</def>

<h1>House</h1>
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<hw>House</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take shelter or lodging; to abide to dwell; to lodge.</def>

<blockquote>You shall not <b>house</b> with me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>To have a position in one of the houses. See <er>House</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <p><b>8</b>.</def> "Where Saturn <i>houses</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Housebote</h1>
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<hw>House"bote`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>House</ets> + <ets>bote</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Wood allowed to a tenant for repairing the house and for fuel. This latter is often called <i>firebote</i>. See <er>Bote</er>.</def>

<h1>Housebreaker</h1>
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<hw>House"break`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is guilty of the crime of housebreaking.</def>

<h1>Housebreaking</h1>
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<hw>House"break`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of breaking open and entering, with a felonious purpose, the dwelling house of another, whether done by day or night. See <er>Burglary</er>, and <i>To break a house</i>, under <er>Break</er>.</def>

<h1>Housebuilder</h1>
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<hw>House"build`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose business is to build houses; a housewright.</def>

<h1>Housecarl</h1>
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<hw>House"carl`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>huscarle</ets>. See <er>House</er>, and <er>Carl</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Arch\'91ol.)</fld> <def>A household servant; also, one of the bodyguard of King Canute.</def>

<h1>Household</h1>
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<hw>House"hold`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Those who dwell under the same roof and compose a family.</def>

<blockquote>And calls, without affecting airs,
His <b>household</b> twice a day to prayers.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A line of ancestory; a race or house.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Household</h1>
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<hw>House"hold`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to the house and family; domestic; <as>as, <ex>household</ex> furniture; <ex>household</ex> affairs.</as></def>

<cs><col>Household bread</col>, <cd>bread made in the house for common use; hence, bread that is not of the finest quality.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Household gods</col></mcol> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>the gods presiding over the house and family; the <i>Lares<i> and <i>Penates<i>; hence, all objects endeared by association with home.</cd> -- <col>Household troops</col>, <cd>troops appointed to attend and guard the sovereign or his residence.</cd></cs>

<h1>Householder</h1>
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<hw>House"hold`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The master or head of a family; one who occupies a house with his family.</def>

<blockquote>Towns in which almost every <b>householder</b> was an English Protestant.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Compound householder</col>. <cd>See <er>Compound</er>, <it>a.<it></cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="710">
Page 710<p>

<h1>Housekeeper</h1>
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<hw>House"keep`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who occupies a house with his family; a householder; the master or mistress of a family.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who does, or oversees, the work of keeping house; <as>as, his wife is a good <ex>housekeeper</ex></as>; often, a woman hired to superintend the servants of a household and manage the ordinary domestic affairs.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who exercises hospitality, or has plentiful and hospitable household.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who keeps or stays much at home.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>You are manifest <b>housekeeper</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A house dog.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Housekeeping</h1>
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<hw>House"keep`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being occupying a dwelling house as a householder.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Care of domestic concerns; management of a house and home affairs.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hospitality; a liberal and hospitable table; a supply of provisions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Tell me, softly and hastly, what's in the pantry?
Small <b>housekeeping</b> enough, said Ph\'d2be.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Housekeeping</h1>
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<hw>House"keep`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Domestic; used in a family; <as>as, <ex>housekeeping</ex> commodities</as>.</def>

<h1>Housel</h1>
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<hw>Hou"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>housel</ets>, <ets>husel</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/sel</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>h<?/sl</ets>, Goth. <ets>hunsl</ets> a sacrifice.]</ety> <def>The eucharist.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R. Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Housel</h1>
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<hw>Hou"sel</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h<?/slain</ets>.]</ety> <def>To administer the eucharist to.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Houseleek</h1>
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<hw>House"leek`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>House</ets> + <ets>leek</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A succulent plant of the genus <spn>Sempervivum</spn> (<spn>S. tectorum</spn>), originally a native of subalpine Europe, but now found very generally on old walls and roofs. It is very tenacious of life under drought and heat; -- called also <altname>ayegreen</altname>.</def>

<h1>Houseless</h1>
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<hw>House"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of the shelter of a house; shelterless; homeless; <as>as, a <ex>houseless</ex> wanderer</as>.</def>

<h1>Houselessness</h1>
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<hw>House"less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being houseless.</def>

<h1>Houseline</h1>
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<hw>House"line`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small line of three strands used for seizing; -- called also <altname>housing</altname>.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Houseling</h1>
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<hw>House"ling`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Housling</er>.</def>

<h1>Housemaid</h1>
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<hw>House"maid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female servant employed to do housework, esp. to take care of the rooms.</def>

<cs><col>Housemaid's knee</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a swelling over the knee, due to an enlargement of the bursa in the front of the kneepan; -- so called because frequently occurring in servant girls who work upon their knees.</cd></cs>

<h1>Housemate</h1>
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<hw>House"mate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dwells in the same house with another.</def>

<i>R. Browning.</i>

<h1>Houseroom</h1>
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<hw>House"room`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Room or place in a house; <as>as, to give any one <ex>houseroom</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Housewarming</h1>
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<hw>House"warm`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A feast or merry-making made by or for a family or business firm on taking possession of a new house or premises.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Housewife</h1>
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<hw>House"wife`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>House</ets> + <ets>wife.</ets> Cf. <er>Hussy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The wife of a householder; the mistress of a family; the female head of a household.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He a good husband, a good <b>housewife</b> she.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <tt>(Usually pronounced <?/.)</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hussy</er>, in this sense.]</ety> <def>A little case or bag for materials used in sewing, and for other articles of female work; -- called also <altname>hussy</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>huswife</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>P. Skelton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A hussy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <altsp>[Usually written <asp>huswife</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Sailor's housewife</col>, <cd>a ditty-bag.</cd></cs>

<h1>Housewife, Housewive</h1>
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<hw><hw>House"wife`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>House"wive`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To manage with skill and economy, as a housewife or other female manager; to economize.</def>

<blockquote>Conferred those moneys on the nuns, which since they have well <b>housewived</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Housewifely</h1>
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<hw>House"wife`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining or appropriate to a housewife; domestic; economical; prudent.</def>

<blockquote>A good sort of woman, ladylike and <b>housewifely</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Housewifery</h1>
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<hw>House"wif`er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The business of the mistress of a family; female management of domestic concerns.</def>

<h1>Housework</h1>
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<hw>House"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The work belonging to housekeeping; especially, kitchen work, sweeping, scrubbing, bed making, and the like.</def>

<h1>Housewright</h1>
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<hw>House"wright`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A builder of houses.</def>

<h1>Housing</h1>
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<hw>Hous"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>House</er>. In some of its senses this word has been confused with the following word.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of putting or receiving under shelter; the state of dwelling in a habitation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which shelters or covers; houses, taken collectively.</def>

<i>Fabyan.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The space taken out of one solid, to admit the insertion of part of another, as the end of one timber in the side of another.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A niche for a statue.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A frame or support for holding something in place, as journal boxes, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That portion of a mast or bowsprit which is beneath the deck or within the vessel.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A covering or protection, as an awning over the deck of a ship when laid up.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A houseline. See <er>Houseline</er>.</def>

<h1>Housing</h1>
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<hw>Hous"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Houss</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cover or cloth for a horse's saddle, as an ornamental or military appendage; a saddlecloth; a horse cloth; in plural, trappings.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An appendage to the hames or collar of a harness.</def>

<h1>Housling</h1>
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<hw>Hous"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Housel</er>.]</ety> <def>Sacramental; <as>as, <ex>housling</ex> fire</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Houss</h1>
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<hw>Houss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>housse</ets>, LL. <ets>hulcia</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>hulst</ets>; akin to E. <ets>holster</ets>. See <er>Holster</er>, and cf. 2d <er>Housing</er>.]</ety> <def>A saddlecloth; a housing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Houtou</h1>
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<hw>Hou"tou</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From its note.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beautiful South American motmot.</def>

<i>Waterton.</i>

<h1>Houve</h1>
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<hw>Houve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>h&umac;fe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A head covering of various kinds; a hood; a coif; a cap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Houyhnhnm</h1>
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<hw>Hou*yhnhnm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the race of horses described by Swift in his imaginary travels of Lemuel Gulliver. The Houyhnhnms were endowed with reason and noble qualities; subject to them were Yahoos, a race of brutes having the form and all the worst vices of men.</def>

<h1>Hove</h1>
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<hw>Hove</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Heave</er>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Hove short</col>, <col>Hove to</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>To heave a cable short</cref>, <cref>To heave a ship to</cref>, etc., under <er>Heave</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hove</h1>
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<hw>Hove</hw>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To rise; to swell; to heave; to cause to swell.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<i>Holland. Burns.</i>

<h1>Hove</h1>
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<hw>Hove</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hoven</ets>. See <er>Hover</er>.]</ety> <def>To hover around; to loiter; to lurk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Hovel</h1>
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<hw>Hov"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hovel</ets>, <ets>hovil</ets>, prob. a dim. fr. AS. <ets>hof</ets> house; akin to D. & G. <ets>hof</ets> court, yard, Icel. <ets>hof</ets> temple; cf. Prov. E. <ets>hove</ets> to take shelter, <ets>heuf</ets> shelter, home.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An open shed for sheltering cattle, or protecting produce, etc., from the weather.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A poor cottage; a small, mean house; a hut.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Porcelain Manuf.)</fld> <def>A large conical brick structure around which the firing kilns are grouped.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Hovel</h1>
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<hw>Hov"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hoveled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Hovelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hoveling</er> or <er>Hovelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put in a hovel; to shelter.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>hovel</b> thee with swine, and rogues forlon.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The poor are <b>hoveled</b> and hustled together.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hoveler</h1>
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<hw>Hov"el*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who assists in saving life and property from a wreck; a coast boatman.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hoveller</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>G. P. R. James.</i>

<h1>Hoveling</h1>
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<hw>Hov"el*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A method of securing a good draught in chimneys by covering the top, leaving openings in the sides, or by carrying up two of the sides higher than the other two.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hovelling</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hoven</h1>
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<hw>Ho"ven</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs. &or; archaic</mark> <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Heave</er>.</def>

<h1>Hoven</h1>
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<hw>Ho"ven</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with the disease called <i>hoove</i>; <as>as, <ex>hoven</ex> cattle</as>.</def>

<h1>Hover</h1>
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<hw>Hov"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. doubtful.]</ety> <def>A cover; a shelter; a protection.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>  <i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Hover</h1>
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<hw>Hov"er</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hovered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hovering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hoveren</ets>, and <ets>hoven</ets>, prob. orig., to abide, linger, and fr. AS. <ets>hof</ets> house; cf. OFries. <ets>hovia</ets> to receive into one's house. See <er>Hovel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hang fluttering in the air, or on the wing; to remain in flight or floating about or over a place or object; to be suspended in the air above something.</def>

<blockquote>Great flights of birds are <b>hovering</b> about the bridge, and settling on it.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>hovering</b> mist came swimming o'er his sight.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hang about; to move to and fro near a place, threateningly, watchfully, or irresolutely.</def>

<blockquote>Agricola having sent his navy to <b>hover</b> on the coast.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Hovering</b> o'er the paper with her quill.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hoverer</h1>
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<hw>Hov"er*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A device in an incubator for protecting the young chickens and keeping them warm.</def>

<h1>Hover-hawk</h1>
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<hw>Hov"er-hawk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The kestrel.</def>

<h1>Hoveringly</h1>
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<hw>Hov"er*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a hovering manner.</def>

<h1>How</h1>
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<hw>How</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>how</ets>, <ets>hou</ets>, <ets>hu</ets>, <ets>hwu</ets>, AS. <ets>h<?/</ets>, from the same root as <ets>hw\'be</ets>, <ets>hw\'91t</ets>, who, what, pron. interrog.; akin to OS. <ets>hw\'d3</ets>w, D. <ets>hoe</ets>, cf. G. <ets>wie</ets> how, Goth. <ets>hw\'c7</ets> wherewith, <ets>hwaiwa</ets> how. &root;182. See <er>Who</er>, and cf. <er>Why</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In what manner or way; by what means or process.</def>

<blockquote><b>How</b> can a man be born when he is old?
<i>John iii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To what degree or extent, number or amount; in what proportion; by what measure or quality.</def>

<blockquote>O, <b>how</b> love I thy law! it is my meditation all the day.
<i>Ps. cxix. 97.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By <b>how</b> much they would diminish the present extent of the sea, so much they would impair the fertility, and fountains, and rivers of the earth.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>For what reason; from what cause.</def>

<blockquote><b>How</b> now, my love! why is your cheek so pale?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In what state, condition, or plight.</def>

<blockquote><b>How</b>, and with what reproach, shall I return?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>By what name, designation, or title.</def>

<blockquote><b>How</b> art thou called?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>At what price; how dear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>How</b> a score of ewes now?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>How</i> is used in each sense, interrogatively, interjectionally, and relatively; it is also often employed to emphasize an interrogation or exclamation. "<i>How</i> are the mighty fallen!" <i>2 Sam. i. 27</i>. Sometimes, also, it is used as a noun; -- as, the <i>how</i>, the when, the wherefore. <i>Shelley</i>.</note>

<blockquote>Let me beg you -- don't say "<b>How</b>?" for "What?"
<i>Holmes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Howadji</h1>
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<hw>How*adj"i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A traveler.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A merchant; -- so called in the East because merchants were formerly the chief travelers.</def>

<h1>Howbeit</h1>
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<hw>How*be"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[<ets>How</ets> + <ets>be</ets> + <ets>it</ets>.]</ety> <def>Be it as it may; nevertheless; notwithstanding; although; albeit; yet; but; however.</def>

<blockquote>The Moor -- <b>howbeit</b> that I endure him not -
Is of a constant, loving, noble nature.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Howdah</h1>
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<hw>How"dah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>hawdaj</ets>.]</ety> <def>A seat or pavilion, generally covered, fastened on the back of an elephant, for the rider or riders.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>houdah</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Howdy</h1>
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<hw>How"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot., also <ets>houdy-</ets> wife. Of uncertain origin; cf. OSw. <ets>jordgumma</ets>; or perh. fr. E. <ets>how d'ye</ets>.]</ety> <def>A midwife.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Howel</h1>
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<hw>How"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tool used by coopers for smoothing and chamfering rheir work, especially the inside of casks.</def>

<h1>Howel</h1>
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<hw>How"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To smooth; to plane; <as>as, to <ex>howel</ex> a cask</as>.</def>

<h1>Howell</h1>
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<hw>How"ell</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The upper stage of a porcelian furnace.</def>

<h1>However</h1>
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<hw>How*ev"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Sometimes contracted into <ets>howe'er</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In whetever manner, way, or degree.</def>

<blockquote><b>However</b> yet they me despise and spite.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Howe'er</b> the business goes, you have made fault.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>At all events; at least; in any case.</def>

<blockquote>Our chief end is to be freed from all, if it may be, <b>however</b> from the greatest evils.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>However</h1>
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<hw>How*ev"er</hw>, <tt>conj.</tt> <def>Nevertheless; notwithstanding; yet; still; though; <as>as, I shall not oppose your design; I can not, <ex>however</ex>, approve of it.</as></def>

<blockquote>In your excuse your love does little say;
You might <b>howe'er</b> have took a better way.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>However</er>, <er>At least</er>, <er>Nevertheless</er>, <er>Yet</er>.</syn> <usage> These words, as here compared, have an adversative sense in reference to something referred to in the context. <i>However</i> is the most general, and leads to a final conclusion or decision. Thus we say, the truth, <i>however</i>, has not yet fully come out; <it>i.e.</it>, such is the speaker's conclusion in view of the whole case. So also we say, <i>however</i>, you may rely on my assistance to that amount; <it>i. e.</it>, at all events, whatever may happen, this is my final decision. <i>At least</i> is adversative in another way. It points out the utmost concession that can possibly be required, and still marks the adversative conclusion; <as>as, <ex>at least</ex>, this must be done; whatever may be our love of peace, we must <ex>at least</ex> maintain the rights of conscience</as>. <ex>Nevertheless</ex> denotes that though the concession be fully made, it has no bearing of the question; <as>as, <ex>nevertheless</ex>, we must go forward</as>. <ex>Yet</ex> signifies that however extreme the supposition or fact comceded may be, the consequence which might naturally be expected does not and will not follow; <as>as, though I should die with thee, <ex>yet</ex> will I not deny thee; though he slay me, <ex>yet</ex> will I trust in him</as>.  Cf. <er>But</er>.</usage>

<h1>Howitz</h1>
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<hw>How"itz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A howitzer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Howitzer</h1>
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<hw>How"itz*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>haubitze</ets>, formerly <ets>hauffnitz</ets>, Bohem. <ets>haufnice</ets>, orig., a sling.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A gun so short that the projectile, which was hollow, could be put in its place by hand; a kind of mortar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A short, light, largebore cannon, usually having a chamber of smaller diameter than the rest of the bore, and intended to throw large projectiles with comparatively small charges.</def>

<h1>Howker</h1>
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<hw>How"ker</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hooker</er>.</def>

<h1>Howl</h1>
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<hw>Howl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Howled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Howling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>houlen</ets>, <ets>hulen</ets>; akin to D. <ets>huilen</ets>, MHG. <ets>hiulen</ets>, <ets>hiuweln</ets>, OHG. <ets>hiuwil\'d3n</ets> to exult, <ets>h<?/wo</ets> owl, Dan. <ets>hyle</ets> to howl.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter a loud, protraced, mournful sound or cry, as dogs and wolves often do.</def>

<blockquote>And dogs in corners set them down to <b>howl</b>.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Methought a legion of foul fiends
Environ'd me about, and <b>howled</b> in my ears.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To utter a sound expressive of distress; to cry aloud and mournfully; to lament; to wail.</def>

<blockquote><b>Howl</b> ye, for the day of the Lord is at hand.
<i>Is. xiii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make a noise resembling the cry of a wild beast.</def>

<blockquote>Wild <b>howled</b> the wind.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Howling monkey</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Howler</er>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Howling wilderness</col>, <cd>a wild, desolate place inhabited only by wild beasts. <i>Deut. xxxii. 10</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Howl</h1>
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<hw>Howl</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter with outcry.</def> "Go . . . <i>howl</i> it out in deserts."

<i>Philips.</i>

<h1>Howl</h1>
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<hw>Howl</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The protracted, mournful cry of a dog or a wolf, or other like sound.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A prolonged cry of distress or anguish; a wail.</def>

<h1>Howler</h1>
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<hw>Howl"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who howls.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any South American monkey of the genus <spn>Mycetes</spn>. Many species are known. They are arboreal in their habits, and are noted for the loud, discordant howling in which they indulge at night.</def>

<h1>Howlet</h1>
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<hw>Howl"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Equiv. to <ets>owlet</ets>, influenced by <ets>howl</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hulotte</ets>, OHG. <ets>h<?/wela</ets>, <ets>hiuwela</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An owl; an owlet.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>houlet</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>R. Browning.</i>

<h1>Howp</h1>
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<hw>Howp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To cry out; to whoop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Howso</h1>
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<hw>How"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Howsoever.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Howsoever</h1>
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<hw>How`so*ev"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adj. & conj.</tt> <ety>[<ets>How</ets> + <ets>so</ets> + <ets>ever</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In what manner soever; to whatever degree or extent; however.</def>

<blockquote>I am glad he's come, <b>howsoever</b> he comes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Although; though; however.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Howve</h1>
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<hw>Howve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hood. See <er>Houve</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hox</h1>
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<hw>Hox</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hock</er>. &root;??.]</ety> <def>To hock; to hamstring. See <er>Hock</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hoy</h1>
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<hw>Hoy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>heu</ets>, or Flem. <ets>hui</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small coaster vessel, usually sloop-rigged, used in conveying passengers and goods from place to place, or as a tender to larger vessels in port.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>hoy</b> went to London every week.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hoy</h1>
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<hw>Hoy</hw>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>hui</ets>. Cf. <er>Ahoy</er>.]</ety> <def>Ho! Halloe! Stop!</def>

<h1>Hoyden</h1>
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<hw>Hoy"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hoiden</er>.</def>

<h1>Hoyman</h1>
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<hw>Hoy"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hoymen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <def>One who navigates a hoy.</def>

<blockquote>A common <b>hoyman</b> to carry goods by water for hire.
<i>Hobart.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Huanaco</h1>
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<hw>Hua*na"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Guanaco</er>.</def>

<h1>Hub</h1>
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<hw>Hub</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Hob</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The central part, usually cylindrical, of a wheel; the nave. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Axle box</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The hilt of a weapon.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A rough protuberance or projecting obstruction; <as>as, a <ex>hub</ex> in the road</as>. <mark>[U.S.]</mark> See <er>Hubby</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A goal or mark at which quoits, etc., are cast.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Diesinking)</fld> <def>A hardened, engraved steel punch for impressing a device upon a die, used in coining, etc.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A screw hob. See <er>Hob</er>, <p><b>3</b>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A block for scotching a wheel.</def>

<cs><col>Hub plank</col> <fld>(Highway Bridges)</fld>, <cd>a horizontal guard plank along a truss at the height of a wagon-wheel hub.</cd> -- <col>Up to the hub</col>, <cd>as far as possible in embarrassment or difficulty, or in business, like a wheel sunk in mire; deeply involved. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Hubble-bubble</h1>
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<hw>Hub"ble-bub`ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tobacco pipe, so arranged that the smoke passes through water, making a bubbling noise, whence its name. In India, the bulb containing the water is often a cocoanut shell.</def><-- = water pipe; hookah -->

<hr>
<page="711">
Page 711<p>

<h1>Hubbub</h1>
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<hw>Hub"bub</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Whoobub</er>, <er>Whoop</er>, <er>Hoop</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>A loud noise of many confused voices; a tumult; uproar.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>This <b>hubbub</b> of unmeaning words.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hubby</h1>
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<hw>Hub"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of hubs or protuberances; <as>as, a road that has been frozen while muddy is <ex>hubby</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>H\'81bner</h1>
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<hw>H\'81b"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[After <ets>H\'81bner</ets>, who analyzed it.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of brownish black color, occurring in columnar or foliated masses. It is native manganese tungstate.</def>

<h1>Huch, Huchen</h1>
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<hw><hw>Huch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hu"chen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large salmon (<spn>Salmo, &or; Salvelinus, hucho</spn>) inhabiting the Danube; -- called also <altname>huso</altname>, and <altname>bull trout</altname>.</def>

<h1>Huck</h1>
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<hw>Huck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hawk</er> to offer for sale, <er>Huckster</er>.]</ety> <def>To higgle in trading.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Huckaback</h1>
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<hw>Huck"a*back</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. orig., peddler's wares; cf. LG. <ets>hukkebak</ets> pickback. Cf. <er>Huckster</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of linen cloth with raised figures, used for towelings.</def>

<h1>Huckle</h1>
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<hw>Huc"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. dim. of Prov. E. <ets>huck</ets>a hook, and so named from its round shape. See <er>Hook</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The hip; the haunch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bunch or part projecting like the hip.</def>

<cs><col>Huckle bone</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The hip bone; the innominate bone.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A small bone of the ankle; astragalus. <mark>[R.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Huckle-backed</h1>
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<hw>Huc"kle-backed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Round-shoulded.</def>

<h1>Huckleberry</h1>
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<hw>Huc"kle*ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Whortleberry</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The edible black or dark blue fruit of several species of the American genus <spn>Gaylussacia</spn>, shrubs nearly related to the blueberries (<spn>Vaccinium</spn>), and formerly confused with them. The commonest huckelberry comes from <spn>G. resinosa</spn>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The shrub that bears the berries. Called also whortleberry.</def>

<cs><col>Squaw huckleberry</col>. <cd>See <er>Deeberry</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Huckster</h1>
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<hw>Huck"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hukstere</ets>, <ets>hukster</ets>, OD. <ets>heukster</ets>, D. <ets>heuker</ets>; akin to D. <ets>huiken</ets> to stoop, bend, OD. <ets>huycken</ets>, <ets>huken</ets>, G. <ets>hocken</ets>, to squat, Icel. <ets>h<?/ka</ets>; -- the peddler being named from his stooping under the load on his back. Cf. <er>Hawk</er> to offer for sale.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A retailer of small articles, of provisions, and the like; a peddler; a hawker.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mean, trickish fellow.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Huckster</h1>
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<hw>Huck"ster</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Huckstered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Huckstering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deal in small articles, or in petty bargains.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Hucksterage</h1>
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<hw>Huck"ster*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The business of a huckster; small dealing; peddling.</def>

<blockquote>Ignoble <b>huckster</b> age of piddling tithes.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hucksterer</h1>
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<hw>Huck"ster*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A huckster.</def>

<i>Gladstone.</i>

<blockquote>Those <b>huckster</b>ers or money-jobbers.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Huckstress</h1>
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<hw>Huck"stress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female huckster.</def>

<h1>Hud</h1>
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<hw>Hud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hood</er> a covering.]</ety> <def>A huck or hull, as of a nut.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Huddle</h1>
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<hw>Hud"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Huddled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Huddling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>hoderen</ets>, <ets>hodren</ets>, to cover, keep, warm; perh. akin to OE. <ets>huden</ets>, <ets>hiden</ets>, to hide, E. <ets>hide</ets>, and orig. meaning, to get together for protection in a safe place. Cf. <er>Hide</er> to conceal.]</ety> <def>To press together promiscuously, from confusion, apprehension, or the like; to crowd together confusedly; to press or hurry in disorder; to crowd.</def>

<blockquote>The cattle <b>huddle</b>d on the lea.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Huddling</b> together on the public square . . . like a herd of panic-struck deer.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Huddle</h1>
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<hw>Hud"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To crowd (things) together to mingle confusedly; to assemble without order or system.</def>

<blockquote>Our adversary, <b>huddling</b> several suppositions together, . . . makes a medley and confusion.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To do, make, or put, in haste or roughly; hence, to do imperfectly; -- usually with a following preposition or adverb; <as>as, to <ex>huddle on</ex>; to <ex>huddle up</ex>; to <ex>huddle together</ex>.</as></def> "<i>Huddle</i> up a peace."

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<blockquote>Let him forescat his work with timely care,
Which else is <b>huddled</b> when the skies are fair.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now, in all haste, they <b>huddle</b> on
Their hoods, their cloaks, and get them gone.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Huddle</h1>
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<hw>Hud"dle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A crowd; a number of persons or things crowded together in a confused manner; tumult; confusion.</def> "A <i>huddle</i> of ideas."

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Huddler</h1>
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<hw>Hud"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who huddles things together.</def>

<h1>Hudge</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hudge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>An iron bucket for hoisting coal or ore.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Hudibrastic</h1>
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<hw>Hu`di*bras"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Similar to, or in the style of, the poem "<i>Hudibras</i>," by Samuel Butler; in the style of doggerel verse.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Hudsonian</h1>
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<hw>Hud*so"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Hudson's Bay or to the Hudson River; <as>as, the <ex>Hudsonian</ex> curlew</as>.</def>

<h1>Hue</h1>
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<hw>Hue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hew</ets>, <ets>heow</ets>, color, shape, form, AS. <ets>hiw</ets>, <ets>heow</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>hy</ets> skin, complexion, Goth. <ets>hiwi</ets> form, appearance.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Color or shade of color; tint; dye.</def> "Flowers of all <i>hue</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote><b>Hues</b> of the rich unfolding morn.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Painting)</fld> <def>A predominant shade in a composition of primary colors; a primary color modified by combination with others.</def>

<h1>Hue</h1>
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<hw>Hue</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hue</ets>, <ets>huer</ets>, to hoot, shout, prob. fr. OF. <ets>hu</ets> an exclamation.]</ety> <def>A shouting or vociferation.</def>

<cs><col>Hue and cry</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a loud outcry with which felons were anciently pursued, and which all who heard it were obliged to take up, joining in the pursuit till the malefactor was taken; in later usage, a written proclamation issued on the escape of a felon from prison, requiring all persons to aid in retaking him.</cd></cs>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Hued</h1>
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<hw>Hued</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having color; -- usually in composition; <as>as, bright-<ex>hued</ex>; many-<ex>hued</ex>.</as></def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hueless</h1>
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<hw>Hue"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hiwle\'a0s</ets>. See <er>Hue</er> color.]</ety> <def>Destitute of color.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Huer</h1>
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<hw>Hu"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who cries out or gives an alarm; specifically, a balker; a conder. See <er>Balker</er>.</def>

<h1>Huff</h1>
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<hw>Huff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Huffed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Huffing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>hoove</ets> to puff up, blow; prob. of imitative origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To swell; to enlarge; to puff up; <as>as, <ex>huffed</ex> up with air</as>.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat with insolence and arrogance; to chide or rebuke with insolence; to hector; to bully.</def>

<blockquote>You must not presume to <b>huff</b> us.
<i>Echard.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Draughts)</fld> <def>To remove from the board (the piece which could have captured an opposing piece). See <er>Huff</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Huff</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Huff</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To enlarge; to swell up; <as>as, bread <ex>huffs</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bluster or swell with anger, pride, or arrogance; to storm; to take offense.</def>

<blockquote>THis senseless arrogant conceit of theirs made them <b>huff</b> at the doctrine of repentance.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Draughts)</fld> <def>To remove from the board a man which could have captured a piece but has not done so; -- so called because it was the habit to blow upon the piece.</def>

<h1>Huff</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Huff</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A swell of sudden anger or arrogance; a fit of disappointment and petulance or anger; a rage.</def> "Left the place in a <i>huff</i>."

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A boaster; one swelled with a false opinion of his own value or importance.</def>

<blockquote>Lewd, shallow-brained <b>huffs</b> make atheism and contempt of religion the sole badge . . . of wit.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To take huff</col>, <cd>to take offence.</cd></cs>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Huffcap</h1>
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<hw>Huff"cap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A blusterer; a bully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Blustering; swaggering.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Bp. Hall</i>.</def2>

<h1>Huffer</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Huff"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bully; a blusterer.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Huffiness</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Huff"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being huffish; petulance; bad temper.</def>

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<h1>Huffingly</h1>
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<hw>Huff"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Blusteringly; arrogantly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>And <b>huffingly</b> doth this bonny Scot ride.
<i>Old Ballad.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Huffish</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Huff"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disposed to be blustering or arrogant; petulant.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Huff"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Huff"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Huffy</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Huff"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Puffed up; <as>as, <ex>huffy</ex> bread</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by arrogance or petulance; easily offended.</def>

<h1>Hug</h1>
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<hw>Hug</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hugged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hugging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. <ets>sidde paa huk</ets> to squat, Sw. <ets>huka sig</ets> to squat, Icel. <ets>h<?/ka</ets>. Cf. <er>Huckster</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cower; to crouch; to curl up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Palsgrave.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To crowd together; to cuddle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hug</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hug</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To press closely within the arms; to clasp to the bosom; to embrace.</def> "And <i>huggen</i> me in his arms."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hold fast; to cling to; to cherish.</def>

<blockquote>We <b>hug</b> deformities if they bear our names.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To keep close to; <as>as, to <ex>hug</ex> the land; to <ex>hug</ex> the wind.</as></def>

<cs><col>To hug one's self</col>, <cd>to congratulate one's self; to chuckle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hug</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hug</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A close embrace or clasping with the arms, as in affection or in wrestling.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Huge</h1>
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<hw>Huge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Huger</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Hugest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>huge</ets>, <ets>hoge</ets>, OF. <ets>ahuge</ets>, <ets>ahoge</ets>.]</ety> <def>Very large; enormous; immense; excessive; -- used esp. of material bulk, but often of qualities, extent, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>huge</ex> ox; a <ex>huge</ex> space; a <ex>huge</ex> difference.</as></def>  "The <i>huge</i> confusion." <i>Chapman</i>. "A <i>huge</i> filly." <i>Jer. Taylor</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Huge"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Huge"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Doth it not flow as <b>hugely</b> as the sea.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Enormous; gigantic; colossal; immense; prodigious; vast.</syn>

<h1>Hugger</h1>
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<hw>Hug"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hugs or embraces.</def>

<h1>Hugger</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hug"ger</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To conceal; to lurk ambush.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Hugger-mugger</h1>
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<hw>Hug"ger-mug`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>huggrie-muggrie</ets>; Prov. E. <ets>hugger</ets> to lie in ambush, <ets>mug</ets> mist, <ets>muggard</ets> sullen.]</ety> <def>Privacy; secrecy. Commonly in the phrase <i>in hugger-mugger</i>, with haste and secrecy.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Many things have been done in <b>hugger-mugger</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hugger-mugger</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hug"ger-mug`ger</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Secret; clandestine; sly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Confused; disorderly; slovenly; mean; <as>as, <ex>hugger-mugger</ex> doings</as>.</def>

<h1>Huggle</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hug"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>hug</ets>.]</ety> <def>To hug.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Huguenot</h1>
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<hw>Hu"gue*not</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., properly a dim. of <ets>Hugues</ets>. The name is probably derived from the Christian name (<ets>Huguenot</ets>) of some person conspicuous as a reformer.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A French Protestant of the period of the religious wars in France in the 16th century.</def>

<h1>Huguenotism</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hu"gue*not*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>huguenotisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The religion of the Huguenots in France.</def>

<h1>Hugy</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hu"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Vast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Huia bird</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hu"ia bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Native name; -- so called from its cry.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A New Zealand starling (<spn>Heteralocha acutirostris</spn>), remarkable for the great difference in the form and length of the bill in the two sexes, that of the male being sharp and straight, that of the female much longer and strongly curved.</def>

<h1>Huisher</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hui"sher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Usher</er>.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Huisher</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hui"sher</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To usher.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Huke</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Huke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>huque</ets>, LL. <ets>huca</ets>; cf. D. <ets>huik</ets>.]</ety> <def>An outer garment worn in Europe in the Middle Ages.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>heuk</asp> and <asp>hyke</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Hulan</h1>
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<hw>Hu"lan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Uhlan</er>.</def>

<h1>Hulch</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hulch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hunch</er>.]</ety> <def>A hunch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hulchy</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hulch"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Swollen; gibbous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hulk</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hulk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hulke</ets> a heavy ship, AS. <ets>hulc</ets> a light, swift ship; akin to D. <ets>hulk</ets> a ship of burden, G. <ets>holk</ets>, OHG. <ets>holcho</ets>; perh. fr. LL. <ets>holcas</ets>, Gr. <?/, prop., a ship which is towed, fr. <?/ to draw, drag, tow. Cf. <er>Wolf</er>, <er>Holcad</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The body of a ship or decked vessel of any kind; esp., the body of an old vessel laid by as unfit for service.</def> "Some well-timbered <i>hulk</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A heavy ship of clumsy build.</def>

<i>Skeat.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything bulky or unwieldly.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Shear hulk</col>, <cd>an old ship fitted with an apparatus to fix or take out the masts of a ship.</cd> -- <col>The hulks</col>, <cd>old or dismasted ships, formerly used as prisons. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <i>Dickens</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hulk</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hulk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. MLG. <ets>holken</ets> to hollow out, Sw. <ets>h\'86lka</ets>.]</ety> <def>To take out the entrails of; to disembowel; <as>as, to <ex>hulk</ex> a hare</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Hulking, Hulky</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hulk"ing</hw>, <hw>Hulk"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bulky; unwiedly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A huge <i>hulking</i> fellow."

<i>H. Brooke.</i>

<h1>Hull</h1>
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<hw>Hull</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hul</ets>, <ets>hol</ets>, shell, husk, AS. <ets>hulu</ets>; akin to G. <ets>h\'81lle</ets> covering, husk, case, <ets>h\'81llen</ets> to cover, Goth. <ets>huljan</ets> to cover, AS. <ets>helan</ets> to hele, conceal. &root;17. See <er>Hele</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Hell</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The outer covering of anything, particularly of a nut or of grain; the outer skin of a kernel; the husk.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[In this sense perh. influenced by D. <ets>hol</ets> hold of a ship, E. <ets>hold</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The frame or body of a vessel, exclusive of her masts, yards, sails, and rigging.</def>

<blockquote>Deep in their <b>hulls</b> our deadly bullets light.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Hull down</col>, <cd>said of a ship so distant that her hull is concealed by the convexity of the sea.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hull</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hull</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hulled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hulling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strip off or separate the hull or hulls of; to free from integument; <as>as, to <ex>hull</ex> corn</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pierce the hull of, as a ship, with a cannon ball.</def>

<h1>Hull</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hull</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To toss or drive on the water, like the hull of a ship without sails.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak. Milton.</i>

<h1>Hullabaloo</h1>
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<hw>Hul`la*ba*loo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. a corruption of <ets>hurly-burly</ets>.]</ety> <def>A confused noise; uproar; tumult.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Hulled</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hulled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deprived of the hulls.</def>

<cs><col>Hulled corn</col>, <cd>kernels of maize prepared for food by removing the hulls.</cd></cs>

<h1>Huller</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hull"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, hulls; especially, an agricultural machine for removing the hulls from grain; a hulling machine.</def>

<h1>Hullo</h1>
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<hw>Hul*lo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>See <er>Hollo</er>.</def>

<h1>Hully</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hull"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having or containing hulls.</def>

<h1>Huloist</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hu"lo*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hyloist</er>.</def>

<h1>Hulotheism</h1>
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<hw>Hu"lo*the*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hylotheism</er>.</def>

<h1>Hulver</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hul"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hulfere</ets>; prob. akin to E. <ets>holly</ets>.]</ety> <def>Holly, an evergreen shrub or tree.</def>

<h1>Hum</h1>
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<hw>Hum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hummed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Humming</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of imitative origin; cf. G. <ets>hummen</ets>, D. <ets>hommelen</ets>. &root;15.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a low, prolonged sound, like that of a bee in flight; to drone; to murmur; to buzz; <as>as, a top <ex>hums</ex></as>.</def>

<i>P. Fletcher.</i>

<blockquote>Still <b>humming</b> on, their drowsy course they keep.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a nasal sound, like that of the letter <i>m</i> prolonged, without opening the mouth, or articulating; to mumble in monotonous undertone; to drone.</def>

<blockquote>The cloudy messenger turns me his back,
And <b>hums</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hum</er>, <ets>interj</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make an inarticulate sound, like <i>h'm</i>, through the nose in the process of speaking, from embarrassment or a affectation; to hem.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To express satisfaction by a humming noise.</def>

<blockquote>Here the spectators <b>hummed</b>.
<i>Trial of the Regicides.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Formerly the habit of audiences was to express gratification by humming and displeasure by hissing.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To have the sensation of a humming noise; <as>as, my head <ex>hums</ex>, -- a pathological condition</as>.</def>

<h1>Hum</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hum</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sing with shut mouth; to murmur without articulation; to mumble; <as>as, to <ex>hum</ex> a tune</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To express satisfaction with by humming.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To flatter by approving; to cajole; to impose on; to humbug.</def> <mark>[Colloq. & Low]</mark>

<h1>Hum</h1>
<Xpage=711>

<hw>Hum</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A low monotonous noise, as of bees in flight, of a swiftly revolving top, of a wheel, or the like; a drone; a buzz.</def>

<blockquote>The shard-borne beetle with his drowsy <b>hums</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any inarticulate and buzzing sound</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The confused noise of a crowd or of machinery, etc., heard at a distance; <as>as, the <ex>hum</ex> of industry</as>.</def>

<blockquote>But 'midst the crowd, the <b>hum</b>, the shock of men.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A buzz or murmur, as of approbation</def>.

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An imposition or hoax.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hem</er>, <tt>interj</tt>.]</ety> <def>An inarticulate nasal sound or murmur, like <i>h'm</i>, uttered by a speaker in pause from embarrassment, affectation, etc.</def>

<blockquote>THese shrugs, these <b>hums</b> and ha's.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <ety>[Perh. so called because strongly intoxicating.]</ety> <def>A kind of strong drink formerly used.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<cs><col>Venous hum</col>. <cd>See under <er>Venous</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hum</h1>
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<hw>Hum</hw>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hem</er>, <ets>interj</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ahem; hem; an inarticulate sound uttered in a pause of speech implying doubt and deliberation.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Human</h1>
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<hw>Hu"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>humanus</ets>; akin to <ets>homo</ets> man: cf. F. <ets>humain</ets>. See <er>Homage</er>, and cf. <er>Humane</er>, <er>Omber</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to man or mankind; having the qualities or attributes of a man; of or pertaining to man or to the race of man; <as>as, a <ex>human</ex> voice; <ex>human</ex> shape; <ex>human</ex> nature; <ex>human</ex> sacrifices.</as></def>

<blockquote>To err is <b>human</b>; to forgive, divine.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Human</h1>
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<hw>Hu"man</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A human being.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sprung of <b>humans</b> that inhabit earth.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We <b>humans</b> often find ourselves in strange position.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Humanate</h1>
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<hw>Hu"man*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>humanatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Indued with humanity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cranmer.</i>

<h1>Humane</h1>
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<hw>Hu*mane"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>humanus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>humain</ets>. See <er>Human</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to man; human.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the feelings and inclinations creditable to man; having a disposition to treat other human beings or animals with kindness; kind; benevolent.</def>

<blockquote>Of an exceeding courteous and <b>humane</b> inclination.
<i>Sportswood.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Humanizing; exalting; tending to refine.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Kind; sympathizing; benevolent; mild; compassionate; gentle; tender; merciful.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Hu*mane"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Hu*mane"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<hr>
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Page 712<p>

<h1>Humanics</h1>
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<hw>Hu*man"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The study of human nature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>T. W. Collins.</i>

<h1>Humanify</h1>
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<hw>Hu*man"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make human; to invest with a human personality; to incarnate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>humanifying</b> of the divine Word.
<i>H. B. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Humanism</h1>
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<hw>Hu"man*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Human nature or disposition; humanity.</def>

<blockquote>[She] looked almost like a being who had rejected with indifference the attitude of sex for the loftier quality of abstract <b>humanism</b>.
<i>T. Hardy.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The study of the humanities; polite learning.</def>

<h1>Humanist</h1>
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<hw>Hu"man*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>humaniste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the scholars who in the field of literature proper represented the movement of the Renaissance, and early in the 16th century adopted the name <i>Humanist</i> as their distinctive title.</def>

<i>Schaff-Herzog.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who purposes the study of the humanities, or polite literature.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One versed in knowledge of human nature.</def>

<h1>Humanistic</h1>
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<hw>Hu`man*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to humanity; <as>as, <ex>humanistic</ex> devotion</as>.</def>

<i>Caird.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to polite kiterature.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Humanitarian</h1>
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<hw>Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Theol. & Ch. Hist.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to humanitarians, or to humanitarianism; <as>as, a <ex>humanitarian</ex> view of Christ's nature</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>Content with right affections and actions toward man; ethical, as distinguished from religious; believing in the perfectibility of man's nature without supernatural aid.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Benevolent; philanthropic.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<h1>Humanitarian</h1>
<Xpage=712>

<hw>Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Humanity</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Theol. & Ch. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who denies the divinity of Christ, and believes him to have been merely human.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>One who limits the sphere of duties to human relations and affections, to the exclusion or disparagement of the religious or spiritual.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who is actively concerned in promoting the welfare of his kind; a philanthropist.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<h1>Humanitarianism</h1>
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<hw>Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Theol. & Ch. Hist.)</fld> <def>The distinctive tenet of the humanitarians in denying the divinity of Christ; also, the whole system of doctrine based upon this view of Christ.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The doctrine that man's obligations are limited to, and dependent alone upon, man and the human relations.</def>

<h1>Humanitian</h1>
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<hw>Hu`ma*ni"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A humanist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Humanity</h1>
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<hw>Hu*man"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Humanities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>humanitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>humanit\'82</ets>. See <er>Human</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being human; the peculiar nature of man, by which he is distinguished from other beings.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mankind collectively; the human race.</def>

<blockquote>But hearing oftentimes
The still, and music <b>humanity</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is a debt we owe to <b>humanity</b>.
<i>S. S. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The quality of being humane; the kind feelings, dispositions, and sympathies of man; especially, a disposition to relieve persons or animals in distress, and to treat all creatures with kindness and tenderness.</def> "The common offices of <i>humanity</i> and friendship."

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Mental cultivation; liberal education; instruction in classical and polite literature.</def>

<blockquote>Polished with <b>humanity</b> and the study of witty science.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> (With definite article) <def>The branches of polite or elegant learning; as language, rhetoric, poetry, and the ancient classics; belles-letters.</def>

<note>&hand; The cultivation of the languages, literature, history, and arch\'91ology of Greece and Rome, were very commonly called <i>liter\'91 humaniores</i>, or, in English, the <i>humanities</i>, . . . by way of opposition to the <i>liter\'91 divin\'91</i>, or divinity.</note>

<i>G. P. Marsh.</i>

<h1>Humanization</h1>
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<hw>Hu*man`i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of humanizing.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Humanize</h1>
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<hw>Hu"man*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Humanized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Humanizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>humaniser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render human or humane; to soften; to make gentle by overcoming cruel dispositions and rude habits; to refine or civilize.</def>

<blockquote>Was it the business of magic to <b>humanize</b> our natures with compassion?
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give a human character or expression to.</def> "<i>Humanized</i> divinities."

<i>Caird.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To convert into something human or belonging to man; <as>as, to <ex>humanize</ex> vaccine lymph</as>.</def>

<h1>Humanize</h1>
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<hw>Hu"man*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become or be made more humane; to become civilized; to be ameliorated.</def>

<blockquote>By the original law of nations, war and extirpation were the punishment of injury. <b>Humanizing</b> by degrees, it admitted slavery instead of death; a further step was the exchange of prisoners instead of slavery.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Humanizer</h1>
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<hw>Hu"man*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who renders humane.</def>

<h1>Humankind</h1>
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<hw>Hu"man*kind`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mankind.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Humanly</h1>
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<hw>Hu"man*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a human manner; after the manner of men; according to the knowledge or wisdom of men; <as>as, the present prospects, <ex>humanly</ex> speaking, promise a happy issue</as>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Kindly; humanely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Humanness</h1>
<Xpage=712>

<hw>Hu"man*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being human.</def>

<h1>Humate</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>humus</ets> the earth, ground.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of humic acid.</def>

<h1>Humation</h1>
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<hw>Hu*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>humatio</ets>, fr. <ets>humare</ets> to cover with earth, to inter, fr. <ets>humus</ets> the earth, ground. See <er>Homage</er>.]</ety> <def>Interment; inhumation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Humbird</h1>
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<hw>Hum"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Humming bird.</def>

<h1>Humble</h1>
<Xpage=712>

<hw>Hum"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Humbler</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Humblest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>humilis</ets> on the ground, low, fr. <ets>humus</ets> the earth, ground. See <er>Homage</er>, and cf. <er>Chameleon</er>, <er>Humiliate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Near the ground; not high or lofty; not pretentious or magnificent; unpretending; unassuming; <as>as, a <ex>humble</ex> cottage</as>.</def>

<blockquote>THy <b>humble</b> nest built on the ground.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Thinking lowly of one's self; claiming little for one's self; not proud, arrogant, or assuming; thinking one's self ill-deserving or unworthy, when judged by the demands of God; lowly; waek; modest.</def>

<blockquote>God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the <b>humble</b>.
<i>Jas. iv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She should be <b>humble</b> who would please.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Without a <b>humble</b> imitation of the divine Author of our . . . religion we can never hope to be a happy nation.
<i>Washington.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Humble plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of sensitive plant, of the genus <spn>Mimosa</spn> (<spn>M. sensitiva</spn>).</cd> -- <col>To eat humble pie</col>, <cd>to endure mortification; to submit or apologize abjectly; to yield passively to insult or humilitation; -- a phrase derived from a pie made of the entrails or <i>humbles<i> of a deer, which was formerly served to servants and retainers at a hunting feast. See <er>Humbles</er>. <i>Halliwell</i>. <i>Thackeray</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Humble</h1>
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<hw>Hum"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hornless. See <er>Hummel</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Humble</h1>
<Xpage=712>

<hw>Hum"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Humbled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Humbling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring low; to reduce the power, independence, or exaltation of; to lower; to abase; to humilate.</def>

<blockquote>Here, take this purse, thou whom the heaven's plagues
Have <b>humbled</b> to all strokes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The genius which <b>humbled</b> six marshals of France.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make humble or lowly in mind; to abase the pride or arrogance of; to reduce the self-sufficiently of; to make meek and submissive; -- often used rexlexively.</def>

<blockquote><b>Humble</b> yourselves therefore under the mighty hand of God, that he may exalt you.
<i>1 Pet. v. 6.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To abase; lower; depress; humiliate; mortify; disgrace; degrade.</syn>

<h1>Humblebee</h1>
<Xpage=712>

<hw>Hum"ble*bee`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>humbilbee</ets>, <ets>hombulbe</ets>; cf. D. <ets>hommel</ets>, G. <ets>hummel</ets>, OHG. <ets>humbal</ets>, Dan. <ets>humle</ets>, Sw. <ets>humla</ets>; perh. akin to <ets>hum</ets>. &root;15. Cf. <er>Bumblebee</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bumblebee.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Humblehead</h1>
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<hw>Hum"ble*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Humble</ets> + -<ets>head</ets>.]</ety> <def>Humble condition or estate; humility.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Humbleness</h1>
<Xpage=712>

<hw>Hum"ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being humble; humility; meekness.</def>

<h1>Humbler</h1>
<Xpage=712>

<hw>Hum"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, humbles some one.</def>

<h1>Humbles</h1>
<Xpage=712>

<hw>Hum"bles</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Nombles</er>.]</ety> <def>Entrails of a deer.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>umbles</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Humblesse</h1>
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<hw>Hum"blesse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.]</ety> <def>Humbleness; abasement; low obeisance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i> <i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Humbly</h1>
<Xpage=712>

<hw>Hum"bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With humility; lowly.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Humbug</h1>
<Xpage=712>

<hw>Hum"bug`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>hum</ets> to impose on, deceive + <ets>bug</ets> a frightful object.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An imposition under fair pretenses; something contrived in order to deceive and mislead; a trick by cajolery; a hoax.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A spirit of deception; cajolery; trickishness.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who deceives or misleads; a deceitful or trickish fellow; an impostor.</def>

<i>Sir J. Stephen.</i>

<h1>Humbug</h1>
<Xpage=712>

<hw>Hum"bug`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Humbugged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Humbugging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To deceive; to impose; to cajole; to hoax.</def>

<h1>Humbugger</h1>
<Xpage=712>

<hw>Hum"bug`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who humbugs.</def>

<h1>Humbuggery</h1>
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<hw>Hum"bug`ger*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice of imposition.</def>

<h1>Humdrum</h1>
<Xpage=712>

<hw>Hum"drum`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Monotonous; dull; commonplace.</def> "A <i>humdrum</i> crone."

<i>Bryant.</i>

<h1>Humdrum</h1>
<Xpage=712>

<hw>Hum"drum`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A dull fellow; a bore.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Monotonous and tedious routine.</def>

<blockquote>Dissatisfied with <b>humdrum</b>.
<i>The Nation.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A low cart with three wheels, drawn by one horse.</def>

<h1>Humect, Humectate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hu*mect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hu*mec"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>humectare</ets>, <ets>humectatum</ets>, fr. <ets>humectus</ets> moist, fr. <ets>humere</ets> to be moist: cf. F. <ets>humecter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To moisten; to wet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Humectant</h1>
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<hw>Hu*mec"tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>humectans</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>Diluent.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A diluent drink or medicine.</def></def2> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Humectation</h1>
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<hw>Hu`mec*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>humectatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>humectation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A moistening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Humective</h1>
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<hw>Hu*mec"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to moisten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Humeral</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mer*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>humerus</ets> the shoulder: cf. F. <ets>hum\'82ral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the humerus, or upper part of the arm; brachial.</def>

<cs><col>Humeral veil</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>a long, narrow veil or scarf of the same material as the vestments, worn round the shoulders by the officiating priest or his attendant at Mass, and used to protect the sacred vessels from contact with the hands.</cd></cs>

<h1>Humerus</h1>
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<hw>Hu"me*rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Humeri</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bone of the brachium, or upper part of the arm or fore limb.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The part of the limb containing the humerus; the brachium.</def>

<h1>Humic</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>humus</ets> the earth, ground: cf. F. <ets>humique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, vegetable mold; <as>as, <ex>humic</ex> acid</as>. See <er>Humin</er>.</def>

<h1>Humicubation</h1>
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<hw>Hu`mi*cu*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>humus</ets> the ground + <ets>cubare</ets> to lie down.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of lying on the ground.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Abp. Bramhall.</i>

<h1>Humid</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>humidus</ets>, <ets>umidus</ets>, fr. <ets>humere</ets>, <ets>umere</ets>, to be moist; akin to <ets>uvidus</ets> moist, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>uksh</ets> to wet, sprinkle, and Icel. <ets>v\'94kr</ets> moist, and perh. to E. <ets>ox</ets>: cf. F. <ets>humide</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing sensible moisture; damp; moist; <as>as, a <ex>humid</ex>air or atmosphere</as>; somewhat wet or watery; <as>as, <ex>humid</ex> earth</as>; consisting of water or vapor.</def>

<blockquote>Evening cloud, or <b>humid</b> bow.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Humidity</h1>
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<hw>Hu*mid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>humidit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Moisture; dampness; a moderate degree of wetness, which is perceptible to the eye or touch; -- used especially of the atmosphere, or of anything which has absorbed moisture from the atmosphere, as clothing.</def>

<note>&hand; In hygrometrical reports (as of the United States Signal Service) complete saturation of the air is designated by <i>Humidity</i> 100, and its partial saturation by smaller numbers.</note>

<h1>Humidness</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mid*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Humidity.</def>

<h1>Humifuse</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mi*fuse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>humus</ets> ground + <ets>fusus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>fundere</ets> to spread.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Spread over the surface of the ground; procumbent.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Humiliant</h1>
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<hw>Hu*mil"i*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>humilians</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>humiliare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Humiliating; humbling.</def> "<i>Humiliant</i> thoughts." <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Humiliate</h1>
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<hw>Hu*mil"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Humiliated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Humiliating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>humiliatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>humiliare</ets>. See <er>Humble</er>.]</ety> <def>To reduce to a lower position in one's own eyes, or in the eyes of others; to humble; to mortify.</def>

<blockquote>We stand <b>humiliated</b> rather than encouraged.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Humiliation</h1>
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<hw>Hu*mil`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>humiliatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>humiliation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of humiliating or humbling; abasement of pride; mortification.</def>

<i>Bp. Hopkins.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being humiliated, humbled, or reduced to lowliness or submission.</def>

<blockquote>The former was a <b>humiliation</b> of Deity; the latter a <b>humiliation</b> of manhood.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Humility</h1>
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<hw>Hu*mil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Humilities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>humilite</ets>, OF. <ets>humilit\'82</ets>, <ets>humelit\'82</ets>, F. <ets>humilit\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>humiliatis</ets>. See <er>Humble</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being humble; freedom from pride and arrogance; lowliness of mind; a modest estimate of one's own worth; a sense of one's own unworthiness through imperfection and sinfulness; self-abasement; humbleness.</def>

<blockquote>Serving the Lord with all <b>humility</b> of mind.
<i>Acts xx. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An act of submission or courtesy.</def>

<blockquote>With these <b>humilities</b> they satisfied the young king.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Lowliness; humbleness; meekness; modesty; diffidence.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Humility</er>, <er>Modesty</er>, <er>Diffidence</er>. <i>Diffidence</i> is a distrust of our powers, combined with a fear lest our failure should be censured, since a dread of failure unconnected with a dread of censure is not usually called <i>diffidence</i>. It may be carried too far, and is not always, like modesty and humility, a virtue. <i>Modesty</i>, without supposing self-distrust, implies an unwillingness to put ourselves forward, and an absence of all over-confidence in our own powers. <i>Humility</i> consists in rating our claims low, in being willing to waive our rights, and take a lower place than might be our due. It does not require of us to underrate ourselves.</usage>

<h1>Humin</h1>
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<hw>Hu"min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>humus</ets> the earth, ground.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter, brownish yellow, amorphous substance, extracted from vegetable mold, and also produced by the action of acids on certain sugars and carbohydrates; -- called also <altname>humic acid</altname>, <altname>ulmin</altname>, <altname>gein</altname>, <altname>ulmic</altname> or <altname>geic acid</altname>, etc.</def>

<h1>Humiri</h1>
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<hw>Hu*mi"ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From native name.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fragrant balsam obtained from Brazilian trees of the genus <spn>Humirium</spn>.</def>

<h1>Humite</h1>
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<hw>Hum"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after Sir A.<ets>Hume</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a transparent vitreous brown color, found in the ejected masses of Vesuvius. It is a silicate of iron and magnesia, containing fluorine.</def>

<h1>Hummel</h1>
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<hw>Hum"mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hamble</er>.]</ety> <def>To separate from the awns; -- said of barley.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Hummel</h1>
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<hw>Hum"mel</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no awns or no horns; <as>as, <ex>hummel</ex>corn; a <ex>hummel</ex> cow.</as></def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Hummeler</h1>
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<hw>Hum"mel*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>hummeller</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or a machine which, hummels.</def>

<h1>Hummer</h1>
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<hw>Hum"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, hums; one who applauds by humming.</def>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A humming bird.</def>

<h1>Humming</h1>
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<hw>Hum"ming</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Emitting a murmuring sound; droning; murmuring; buzzing.</def>

<h1>Humming</h1>
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<hw>Hum"ming</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sound like that made by bees; a low, murmuring sound; a hum.</def>

<cs><col>Hummingale</col>, <cd>lively or strong ale. <i>Dryden</i>.</cd> -- <col>Humming bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any bird of the family <spn>Trochilid\'91</spn>, of which over one hundred genera are known, including about four hundred species. They are found only in America and are most abundant in the tropics. They are mostly of very small size, and are not for their very brilliant colors and peculiar habit of hovering about flowers while vibrating their wings very rapidly with a humming noise. They feed both upon the nectar of flowers and upon small insects. The common humming bird or ruby-throat of the Eastern United States is <spn>Trochilus culubris</spn>. Several other species are found in the Western United States. See <er>Calliope</er>, and <er>Ruby-throat</er>.</cd> -- <col>Humming-bird moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a hawk moth. See <cref>Hawk moth</cref>, under <er>Hawk</er>, the bird.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hummock</h1>
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<hw>Hum"mock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. a dim. of <ets>hump</ets>. See <er>Hump</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rounded knoll or hillock; a rise of ground of no great extent, above a level surface.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A ridge or pile of ice on an ice field.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Timbered land. See <er>Hammock</er>.</def> <mark>[Southern U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Hummocking</h1>
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<hw>Hum"mock*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of forming hummocks in the collision of Arctic ice.</def>

<i>Kane.</i>

<h1>Hummocky</h1>
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<hw>Hum"mock*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding in hummocks.</def>

<h1>Hummum</h1>
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<hw>Hum"mum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. or Ar. <ets>hamm\'ben</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sweating bath or place for sweating.</def>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Humor</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>humour</ets>, OF. <ets>humor</ets>, <ets>umor</ets>, F. <ets>humeur</ets>, L. <ets>humor</ets>, <ets>umor</ets>, moisture, fluid, fr. <ets>humere</ets>, <ets>umere</ets>, to be moist. See <er>Humid</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>humour</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Moisture, especially, the moisture or fluid of animal bodies, as the chyle, lymph, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>humors</ex> of the eye, etc.</as></def>

<note>&hand; The ancient physicians believed that there were four humors (the blood, phlegm, yellow bile or choler, and black bile or melancholy), on the relative proportion of which the temperament and health depended.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A vitiated or morbid animal fluid, such as often causes an eruption on the skin.</def> "A body full of <i>humors</i>."

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>State of mind, whether habitual or temporary (as formerly supposed to depend on the character or combination of the fluids of the body); disposition; temper; mood; <as>as, good <ex>humor</ex>; ill <ex>humor</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Examine how your <b>humor</b> is inclined,
And which the ruling passion of your mind.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A prince of a pleasant <b>humor</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I like not the <b>humor</b> of lying.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Changing and uncertain states of mind; caprices; freaks; vagaries; whims.</def>

<blockquote>Is my friend all perfection, all virtue and discretion? Has he not <b>humors</b> to be endured?
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That quality of the imagination which gives to ideas an incongruous or fantastic turn, and tends to excite laughter or mirth by ludicrous images or representations; a playful fancy; facetiousness.</def>

<blockquote>For thy sake I admit
That a Scot may have <b>humor</b>, I'd almost said wit.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A great deal of excellent <b>humor</b> was expended on the perplexities of mine host.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Aqueous humor</col>, <col>Crystalline humor</col> &or; <col>lens</col>, <col>Vitreous humor</col></mcol>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Eye</er>.</cd> -- <col>Out of humor</col>, <cd>dissatisfied; displeased; in an unpleasant frame of mind.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Wit; satire; pleasantry; temper; disposition; mood; frame; whim; fancy; caprice. See <er>Wit</er>.</syn>

<hr>
<page="713">
Page 713<p>

<h1>Humor</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Humored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Humoring</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To comply with the humor of; to adjust matters so as suit the peculiarities, caprices, or exigencies of; to adapt one's self to; to indulge by skillful adaptation; <as>as, to <ex>humor</ex> the mind</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It is my part to invent, and the musician's to <b>humor</b> that invention.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To help on by indulgence or compliant treatment; to soothe; to gratify; to please.</def>

<blockquote>You <b>humor</b> me when I am sick.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To gratify; to indulge. See <er>Gratify</er>.</syn>

<h1>Humoral</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mor*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>humoral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the humors; <as>as, a <ex>humoral</ex> fever</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Humoral pathology</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the pathology, or doctrine of the nature of diseases, which attributes all morbid phenomena to the disordered condition of the fluids or humors of the body.</cd></cs><-- antiquated -->

<h1>Humoralism</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mor*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The state or quality of being humoral.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The doctrine that diseases proceed from the humors; humorism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Humoralist</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mor*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who favors the humoral pathology or believes in humoralism.</def>

<h1>Humorism</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mor*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The theory founded on the influence which the humors were supposed to have in the production of disease; Galenism.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The manner or disposition of a humorist; humorousness.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Humorist</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mor*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>humoriste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>One who attributes diseases of the state of the humors.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who has some peculiarity or eccentricity of character, which he indulges in odd or whimsical ways.</def>

<blockquote>He [Roger de Coverley] . . . was a great <b>humorist</b> in all parts of his life.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who displays humor in speaking or writing; one who has a facetious fancy or genius; a wag; a droll.</def>

<blockquote>The reputation of wits and <b>humorists</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Humoristic</h1>
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<hw>Hu`mor*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a humorist.</def>

<h1>Humorize</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mor*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To humor.</def>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Humorless</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mor*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of humor.</def>

<h1>Humorous</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mor*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>humorosus</ets>, <ets>umorosus</ets>, moist. See <er>Humor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Moist; humid; watery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All founts wells, all deeps <b>humorous</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Subject to be governed by humor or caprice; irregular; capricious; whimsical.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<blockquote>Rough as a storm and <b>humorous</b> as the wind.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Full of humor; jocular; exciting laughter; playful; <as>as, a <ex>humorous</ex> story or author; a <ex>humorous</ex> aspect.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Jocose; facetious; witty; pleasant; merry.</syn>

<h1>Humorously</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mor*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capriciously; whimsically.</def>

<blockquote>We resolve rashly, sillily, or <b>humorously</b>.
<i>Calamy.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Facetiously; wittily.</def>

<h1>Humorousness</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mor*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Moodiness; capriciousness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Facetiousness; jocularity.</def>

<h1>Humorsome</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mor*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Moody; whimsical; capricious.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<blockquote>The commons do not abet <b>humorsome</b>, factious arms.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Jocose; witty; humorous.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Humorsomely</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mor*some*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Pleasantly; humorously.</def>

<h1>Humorsomeness</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mor*some*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being humorsome.</def>

<h1>Hump</h1>
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<hw>Hump</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>homp</ets> a lump, LG. <ets>hump</ets> heap, hill, stump, possibly akin to E. <ets>heap</ets>. Cf. <er>Hunch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A protuberance; especially, the protuberance formed by a crooked back.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fleshy protuberance on the back of an animal, as a camel or whale.</def>

<h1>Humpback</h1>
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<hw>Hump"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hunchback</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A crooked back; a humped back.</def>

<i>Tatler.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A humpbacked person; a hunchback.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any whale of the genus <spn>Megaptera</spn>, characterized by a hump or bunch on the back. Several species are known. The most common ones in the North Atlantic are <spn>Megaptera longimana</spn> of Europe, and <spn>M. osphyia</spn> of America; that of the California coasts is <spn>M. versabilis</spn>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small salmon (<spn>Oncorhynchus gorbuscha</spn>), of the northwest coast of America.</def>

<h1>Humpbacked</h1>
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<hw>Hump"backed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a humped back.</def>

<h1>Humped</h1>
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<hw>Humped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a hump, as the back.</def>

<h1>Humph</h1>
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<hw>Humph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Of imitative origin.]</ety> <def>An exclamation denoting surprise, or contempt, doubt, etc.</def>

<h1>Humpless</h1>
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<hw>Hump"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a hump.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Hump-shouldered</h1>
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<hw>Hump"-shoul`dered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having high, hunched shoulders.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Humpy</h1>
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<hw>Hump"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of humps or bunches; covered with protuberances; humped.</def>

<h1>Humstrum</h1>
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<hw>Hum"strum`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instrument out of tune or rudely constructed; music badly played.</def>

<h1>Humulin</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mu*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Humulus</ets>, the genus including the hop.]</ety> <def>An extract of hops.</def>

<h1>Humus</h1>
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<hw>Hu"mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the earth, ground, soil.]</ety> <def>That portion of the soil formed by the decomposition of animal or vegetable matter. It is a valuable constituent of soils.</def>

<i>Graham.</i>

<h1>Hun</h1>
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<hw>Hun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Hunni</ets>, also <ets>Chunni</ets>, and <ets>Chuni</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>H<?/nas</ets>, <ets>H<?/ne</ets>, OHG. <ets>H<?/ni</ets>, G. <ets>Hunnen</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of a warlike nomadic people of Northern Asia who, in the 5th century, under Atilla, invaded and conquered a great part of Europe.</def>

<h1>Hunch</h1>
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<hw>Hunch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. akin to <ets>huckle</ets>; cf. <ets>hump</ets>, <ets>hunch</ets>, <ets>bunch</ets>, <ets>hunk</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hump; a protuberance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lump; a thick piece; <as>as, a <ex>hunch</ex> of bread</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A push or thrust, as with the elbow.</def>

<h1>Hunch</h1>
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<hw>Hunch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hunched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hunching</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To push or jostle with the elbow; to push or thrust suddenly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To thrust out a hump or protuberance; to crook, as the back.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Hunchback</h1>
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<hw>Hunch"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Humpback</er>.]</ety> <def>A back with a hunch or hump; also, a hunchbacked person.</def>

<h1>Hunchbacked</h1>
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<hw>Hunch"backed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a humped back.</def>

<h1>Hundred</h1>
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<hw>Hun"dred</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hundred</ets>, AS. <ets>hundred</ets> a territorial division; <ets>hund</ets> hundred + a word akin to Goth. <ets>ga-ra<?/jan</ets> to count, L. <ets>ratio</ets> reckoning, account; akin to OS. <ets>hunderod</ets>, <ets>hund</ets>, D. <ets>hondred</ets>, G. <ets>hundert</ets>, OHG. also <ets>hunt</ets>, Icel. <ets>hundra<?/</ets>, Dan. <ets>hundrede</ets>, Sw. <ets>hundra</ets>, <ets>hundrade</ets>, Goth. <ets>hund</ets>, Lith. <ets>szimtas</ets>, Russ. <ets>sto</ets>, W. <ets>cant</ets>, Ir. <ets>cead</ets>, L. <ets>centum</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>\'87ata</ets>. &root;309. Cf. <er>Cent</er>, <er>Century</er>, <er>Hecatomb</er>, <er>Quintal</er>, and <er>Reason</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The product of ten mulitplied by ten, or the number of ten times ten; a collection or sum, consisting of ten times ten units or objects; five score. Also, a symbol representing one hundred units, as 100 or C.</def>

<blockquote>With many <b>hundreds</b> treading on his heels.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The word <i>hundred</i>, as well as <i>thousand</i>, <i>million</i>, etc., often takes a plural form. We may say <i>hundreds</i>, or many <i>hundreds</i>, meaning individual objects or units, but with an ordinal numeral adjective in constructions like five <i>hundreds</i>, or eight <i>hundreds</i>, it is usually intended to consider each hundred as a separate aggregate; as, ten <i>hundreds</i> are one thousand.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A division of a country in England, supposed to have originally contained a <i>hundred</i> families, or freemen.</def>

<cs><col>Hundred court</col>, <cd>a court held for all the inhabitants of a hundred. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Hundred</h1>
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<hw>Hun"dred</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ten times ten; five score; <as>as, a <ex>hundred</ex> dollars</as>.</def>

<h1>Hundreder</h1>
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<hw>Hun"dred*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inhabitant or freeholder of a hundred.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person competent to serve on a jury, in an action for land in the hundred to which he belongs.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who has the jurisdiction of a hundred; and sometimes, a bailiff of a hundred.</def>

<i>Blount. Cowell.</i>

<h1>Hundredfold</h1>
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<hw>Hun"dred*fold`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hundred times as much or as many.</def>

<blockquote>He shall receive as <b>hundredfold</b> now in this time.
<i>Mark x. 30.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hundredth</h1>
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<hw>Hun"dredth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Coming last of a hundred successive individuals or units.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Forming one of a hundred equal parts into which anything is divided; the tenth of a tenth.</def>

<h1>Hundredth</h1>
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<hw>Hun"dredth</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a hundred equal parts into which one whole is, or may be, divided; the quotient of a unit divided by a hundred.</def>

<h1>Hundredwieght</h1>
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<hw>Hun"dred*wieght`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A denomination of weight, containing 100, 112, or 120 pounds avoirdupois, according to differing laws or customs. By the legal standard of England it is 112 pounds. In most of the United States, both in practice and by law, it is 100 pounds avoirdupois, the corresponding ton of 2,000 pounds, sometimes called the <i>short</i> ton, beingthe legal ton.</def>

<h1>Hung</h1>
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<hw>Hung</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Hang</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Hung beef</col>, <cd>the fleshy part of beef slightly salted and hung up to dry; dried beef.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hungarian</h1>
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<hw>Hun*ga"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Hungary or to the people of Hungary.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or one of the people of Hungary.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Hungarian grass</col>. <cd>See <cref>Italian millet</cref>, under <er>Millet</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hungary</h1>
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<hw>Hun"ga*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A country in Central Europe, now a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.</def>

<cs><col>Hungary water</col>, <cd>a distilled "water," made from dilute alcohol aromatized with rosemary flowers, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hunger</h1>
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<hw>Hun"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hungor</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>hunger</ets>, D. <ets>honger</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>hungar</ets>, G. <ets>hunger</ets>, Icel. <ets>hungr</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>hunger</ets>, Goth. <ets>h<?/hrus</ets> hunger, <ets>huggrjan</ets> to hunger.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An uneasy sensation occasioned normally by the want of food; a craving or desire for food.</def>

<note>&hand; The sensation of hunger is usually referred to the stomach, but is probably dependent on excitation of the sensory nerves, both of the stomach and intestines, and perhaps also on indirect impressions from other organs, more or less exhausted from lack of nutriment.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any strong eager desire.</def>

<blockquote>O sacred <b>hunger</b> of ambitious minds!
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For <b>hunger</b> of my gold I die.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hunger</h1>
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<hw>Hun"ger</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hungered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hungering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hungren</ets>, AS. <ets>hyngrian</ets>. See <er>Hunger</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To feel the craving or uneasiness occasioned by want of food; to be oppressed by hunger.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have an eager desire; to long.</def>

<blockquote>Blessed are they which do <b>hunger</b> and thirst after righteouness.
<i>Matt. v. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hunger</h1>
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<hw>Hun"ger</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make hungry; to famish.</def>

<h1>Hunger-bit, Hunger-bitten</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hun"ger-bit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hun"ger-bit`ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pinched or weakened by hunger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Hungered</h1>
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<hw>Hun"gered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hungry; pinched for food.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Hungerer</h1>
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<hw>Hun"ger*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hungers; one who longs.</def>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Hungerly</h1>
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<hw>Hun"ger*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wanting food; starved.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hungerly</h1>
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<hw>Hun"ger*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With keen appetite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hunger-starve</h1>
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<hw>Hun"ger-starve`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To starve with hunger; to famish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hungred</h1>
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<hw>Hun"gred</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hungered; hungry.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Hungrily</h1>
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<hw>Hun"gri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Hunger</er>.]</ety> <def>In a hungry manner; voraciously.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Hungry</h1>
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<hw>Hun"gry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Hungrier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Hungriest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>hungrid</ets>. See <er>Hunger</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Feeling hunger; having a keen appetite; feeling uneasiness or distress from want of food; hence, having an eager desire.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Showing hunger or a craving desire; voracious.</def>

<blockquote>The cruel, <b>hungry</b> foam.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cassius has a lean and <b>hungry</b> look.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not rich or fertile; poor; barren; starved; <as>as, a <ex>hungry</ex> soil</as>.</def> "The <i>hungry</i> beach."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hunk</h1>
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<hw>Hunk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hunch</er>.]</ety> <def>A large lump or piece; a hunch; <as>as, a <ex>hunk</ex> of bread</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<-- 2. a sexually attractive, well-built man. -->

<h1>Hunker</h1>
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<hw>Hun"ker</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Originally, a nickname for a member of the conservative section of the Democratic party in New York; hence, one opposed to progress in general; a fogy.</def> <mark>[Political Cant, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Hunkerism</h1>
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<hw>Hun"ker*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excessive conservatism; hostility to progress.</def> <mark>[Political Cant, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Hunks</h1>
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<hw>Hunks</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A covetous, sordid man; a miser; a niggard.</def>

<blockquote>Pray make your bargain with all the prudence and selfishness of an old <b>hunks</b>.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hunt</h1>
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<hw>Hunt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hunted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hunting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>huntian</ets> to hunt; cf. <ets>hentan</ets> to follow, pursue, Goth. <ets>hin<?/an</ets> (in comp.) to seize. &root;36. Cf. <er>Hent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To search for or follow after, as game or wild animals; to chase; to pursue for the purpose of catching or killing; to follow with dogs or guns for sport or exercise; <as>as, to <ex>hunt</ex> a deer</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Like a dog, he <b>hunts</b> in dreams.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To search diligently after; to seek; to pursue; to follow; -- often with <i>out</i> or <i>up</i>; <as>as, to <ex>hunt</ex> up the facts; to <ex>hunt</ex> out evidence.</as></def>

<blockquote>Evil shall <b>hunt</b> the violent man to overthrow him.
<i>Ps. cxl. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To drive; to chase; -- with <i>down</i>, <i>from</i>, <i>away</i>, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>hunt</ex> down a criminal; he was <ex>hunted</ex> from the parish.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To use or manage in the chase, as hounds.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>hunts</b> a pack of dogs.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To use or traverse in pursuit of game; <as>as, he <ex>hunts</ex> the woods, or the country</as>.</def>

<h1>Hunt</h1>
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<hw>Hunt</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To follow the chase; to go out in pursuit of game; to course with hounds.</def>

<blockquote>Esau went to the field to <b>hunt</b> for venison.
<i>Gen. xxvii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To seek; to pursue; to search; -- with <i>for</i> or <i>after</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He after honor <b>hunts</b>, I after love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To hunt counter</col>, <cd>to trace the scent backward in hunting, as a hound to go back on one's steps. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hunt</h1>
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<hw>Hunt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of chasing wild animals; chase; pursuit; search.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>hunt</b> is up; the morn is bright and gray.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The game secured in the hunt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pack of hounds.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An association of huntsmen.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A district of country hunted over.</def>

<blockquote>Every landowner within the <b>hunt</b>.
<i>London Field.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hunt-counter</h1>
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<hw>Hunt"-count`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A worthless dog that runs back on the scent; a blunderer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hunte</h1>
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<hw>Hunt"e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hunta</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hunter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hunter</h1>
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<hw>Hunt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who hunts wild animals either for sport or for food; a huntsman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dog that scents game, or is trained to the chase; a hunting dog.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A horse used in the chase; especially, a thoroughbred, bred and trained for hunting.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who hunts or seeks after anything, as if for game; <as>as, a fortune <ex>hunter</ex> a place <ex>hunter</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>No keener <b>hunter</b> after glory breathes.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of spider. See <cref>Hunting spider</cref>, under <er>Hunting</er>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A hunting watch, or one of which the crystal is protected by a metallic cover.</def>

<cs><col>Hunter's room</col>, <cd>the lunation after the harvest moon.</cd> -- <col>Hunter's screw</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a differential screw, so named from the inventor. See under <er>Differential</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hunterian</h1>
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<hw>Hun*te"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Discovered or described by John <ets>Hunter</ets>, an English surgeon; <as>as, the <ex>Hunterian</ex> chancre</as>. See <er>Chancre</er>.</def>

<h1>Hunting</h1>
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<hw>Hunt"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The pursuit of game or of wild animals.</def>

<i>A. Smith.</i>

<cs><col>Happy hunting grounds</col>, <cd>the region to which, according to the belief of American Indians, the souls of warriors and hunters pass after death, to be happy in hunting and feasting. <i>Tylor</i>.</cd> -- <col>Hunting box</col>. <cd>Same As <cref>Hunting lodge</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Hunting cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the cheetah.</cd> -- <col>Hunting cog</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a tooth in the larger of two geared wheels which makes its number of teeth prime to the number in the smaller wheel, thus preventing the frequent meeting of the same pairs of teeth.</cd> -- <col>Hunting dog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the hyena dog.</cd> -- <col>Hunting ground</col>, <cd>a region or district abounding in game; esp. (<pluf>pl.</pluf>), the regions roamed over by the North American Indians in search of game.</cd> -- <col>Hunting horn</col>, <cd>a bulge; a horn used in the chase. See <er>Horn</er>, and <er>Bulge</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hunting leopard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the cheetah.</cd> -- <col>Hunting lodge</col>, <cd>a temporary residence for the purpose of hunting.</cd> -- <col>Hunting seat</col>, <cd>a hunting lodge. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Hunting shirt</col>, <cd>a coarse shirt for hunting, often of leather.</cd> -- <col>Hunting spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a spider which hunts its prey, instead of catching it in a web; a wolf spider.</cd> -- <col>Hunting watch</col>. <cd>See <er>Hunter</er>, 6.</cd></cs>

<h1>Huntress</h1>
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<hw>Hunt"ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who hunts or follows the chase; <as>as, the <ex>huntress</ex> Diana</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Huntsman</h1>
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<hw>Hunts"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Huntsmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who hunts, or who practices hunting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The person whose office it is to manage the chase or to look after the hounds.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<cs><col>Huntsman's cup</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the sidesaddle flower, or common American pitcher plant (<spn>Sarracenia purpurea</spn>).</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="714">
Page 714<p>

<h1>Huntsmanship</h1>
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<hw>Hunts"man*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or practice of hunting, or the qualification of a hunter.</def>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Hunt's-up</h1>
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<hw>Hunt's"-up`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tune played on the horn very early in the morning to call out the hunters; hence, any arousing sound or call.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Time plays the <b>hunt's-up</b> to thy sleepy head.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hurden</h1>
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<hw>Hur"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Hurds</er>.]</ety> <def>A coarse kind of linen; -- called also <altname>harden</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Hurdle</h1>
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<hw>Hur"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hurdel</ets>, <ets>hirdel</ets>, AS. <ets>hyrdel</ets>; akin to D. <ets>horde</ets>, OHG. <ets>hurt</ets>, G. <ets>h\'81rde</ets> a hurdle, fold, pen, Icel. <ets>hur<?/</ets> door, Goth. <ets>ha\'a3rds</ets>, L. <ets>cratis</ets> wickerwork, hurdle, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>k<?/t</ets> to spin, <ets>c<?/t</ets> to bind, connect. &root;16. Cf. <er>Crate</er>, <er>Grate</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A movable frame of wattled twigs, osiers, or withes and stakes, or sometimes of iron, used for inclosing land, for folding sheep and cattle, for gates, etc.; also, in fortification, used as revetments, and for other purposes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In England, a sled or crate on which criminals were formerly drawn to the place of execution.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which men or horses leap in a race.</def>

<cs><col>Hurdle race</col>, <cd>a race in which artificial barriers in the form of hurdles, fences, etc., must be leaped.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hurdle</h1>
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<hw>Hur"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hurdleed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hurdleing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To hedge, cover, make, or inclose with hurdles.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Hurdlework</h1>
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<hw>Hur"dle*work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Work after manner of a hurdle.</def>

<h1>Hurds</h1>
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<hw>Hurds</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hards</er>.]</ety> <def>The coarse part of flax or hemp; hards.</def>

<h1>Hurdy-gurdy</h1>
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<hw>Hur"dy-gur`dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. of imitative origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A stringled instrument, lutelike in shape, in which the sound is produced by the friction of a wheel turned by a crank at the end, instead of by a bow, two of the strings being tuned as drones, while two or more, tuned in unison, are modulated by keys.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In California, a water wheel with radial buckets, driven by the impact of a jet.</def>

<h1>Hurkaru</h1>
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<hw>Hur*ka"ru</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>hark\'bera</ets>]</ety> <def>In India, a running footman; a messenger.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hurkaroo</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hurl</h1>
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<hw>Hurl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hurled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hurling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hurlen</ets>, <ets>hourlen</ets>; prob. contracted fr. OE. <ets>hurtlen</ets> to hurtle, or probably akin to E. <ets>whirl</ets>. &root;16. See <er>Hurtle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To send whirling or whizzing through the air; to throw with violence; to drive with great force; <as>as, to <ex>hurl</ex> a stone or lance</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>hurl'd</b> them headlong to their fleet and main.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To emit or utter with vehemence or impetuosity; <as>as, to <ex>hurl</ex> charges or invective</as>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Whirl</er>.]</ety> <def>To twist or turn.</def> "<i>Hurled</i> or crooked feet." <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Hurl</h1>
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<hw>Hurl</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hurl one's self; to go quickly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To perform the act of hurling something; to throw something (at another).</def>

<blockquote>God shall <b>hurl</b> at him and not spare.
<i>Job xxvii. 22 (Rev. Ver. ).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To play the game of hurling. See <er>Hurling</er>.</def>

<h1>Hurl</h1>
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<hw>Hurl</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of hurling or throwing with violence; a cast; a fling.</def>

<i>Congreve.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tumult; riot; hurly-burly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Knolles.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Hat Manuf.)</fld> <def>A table on which fiber is stirred and mixed by beating with a bowspring.</def>

<h1>Hurlbat</h1>
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<hw>Hurl"bat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Whirlbat</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Hurlbone</h1>
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<hw>Hurl"bone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>See <er>Whirlbone</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A bone near the middle of the buttock of a horse.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Hurler</h1>
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<hw>Hurl"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hurls, or plays at hurling.</def>

<h1>Hurling</h1>
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<hw>Hurl"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of throwing with force.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of game at ball, formerly played.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hurling</b> taketh its denomination from throwing the ball.
<i>Carew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hurlwind</h1>
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<hw>Hurl"wind`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A whirlwind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Hurly</h1>
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<hw>Hur"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hurler</ets> to howl.]</ety> <def>Noise; confusion; uproar.</def>

<blockquote>That, with the <b>hurly</b>, death itself awakes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hurly-burly</h1>
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<hw>Hur"ly-bur`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Reduplicated fr. OE. <ets>hurly</ets> confusion: cf. F. <ets>hurler</ets> to howl, yell, L. <ets>ululare</ets>; or cf. E. <ets>hurry</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tumult; bustle; confusion.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>All places were filled with tumult and <b>hurly-burly</b>.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Huronian</h1>
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<hw>Hu*ro"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Named from Lake <ets>Huron</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to certain non-fossiliferous rocks on the borders of Lake Huron, which are supposed to correspond in time to the latter part of the Arch\'91an age.</def>

<h1>Huron-Iroquous</h1>
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<hw>Hu"ron-Ir`o*quous"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A linguistic group of warlike North American Indians, belonging to the same stock as the Algonquins, and including several tribes, among which were the Five Nations. They formerly occupied the region about Lakes Erie and Ontario, and the larger part of New York.</def>

<h1>Hurons</h1>
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<hw>Hu"rons</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt><def>; <i>sing</i>. <er>Huron</er>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> A powerful and warlike tribe of North American Indians of the Algonquin stock. They formerly occupied the country between Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario, but were nearly exterminated by the Five Nations about 1650.</def>

<h1>Hurr</h1>
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<hw>Hurr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hurry</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a rolling or burring sound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>R is the dog's letter, and <b>hurreth</b> in the sound.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hurrah Hurra</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hur*rah"</hw> <hw>Hur*ra"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G., Dan., & Sw. <ets>hurra</ets>. Cf. <er>Huzza</er>.]</ety> <def>A word used as a shout of joy, triumph, applause, encouragement, or welcome.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hurrah</b>! <b>hurrah</b>! for Ivry and Henry of Navarre.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hurrah</h1>
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<hw>Hur*rah"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cheer; a shout of joy, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Hurrah's nest</col>, <cd>state of utmost confusion. <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote>A perfect <b>hurrah's nest</b> in our kitchen.
<i>Mrs. Stowe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hurrah</h1>
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<hw>Hur*rah"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To utter hurrahs; to huzza.</def>

<h1>Hurrah</h1>
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<hw>Hur*rah"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To salute, or applaud, with hurrahs.</def>

<h1>Hurricane</h1>
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<hw>Hur"ri*cane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>hurracan</ets>; orig. a Carib word signifying, a high wind.]</ety> <def>A violent storm, characterized by extreme fury and sudden changes of the wind, and generally accompanied by rain, thunder, and lightning; -- especially prevalent in the East and West Indies. Also used figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>Like the smoke in a <b>hurricane</b> whirl'd.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Each guilty thought to me is
A dreadful <b>hurricane</b>.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Hurricane bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the frigate bird.</cd> -- <col>Hurricane deck</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Deck</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hurricano</h1>
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<hw>Hur`ri*ca"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hurricanoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>A waterspout; a hurricane.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Drayton</i>.  "You cataracts and <i>hurricanoes</i>, spout."

<i>Shak</i>.

<h1>Hurried</h1>
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<hw>Hur"ried</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Urged on; hastened; going or working at speed; <as>as, a <ex>hurried</ex> writer; a <ex>hurried</ex> life.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Done in a hurry; hence, imperfect; careless; <as>as, a <ex>hurried</ex> job</as>.</def> "A <i>hurried</i> meeting."

<i>Milton.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Hur"ried*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Hur"ried*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hurrier</h1>
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<hw>Hur"ri*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hurries or urges.</def>

<h1>Hurries</h1>
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<hw>Hur"ries</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A staith or framework from which coal is discharged from cars into vessels.</def>

<h1>Hurry</h1>
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<hw>Hur"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hurried</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hurrying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>horien</ets>; cf. OSw. <ets>hurra</ets> to whirl round, dial. Sw. <ets>hurr</ets> great haste, Dan. <ets>hurre</ets> to buzz, Icel. <ets>hurr</ets> hurly-burly, MHG. <ets>hurren</ets> to hurry, and E. <ets>hurr</ets>, <ets>whir</ets> to hurry; all prob. of imitative origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hasten; to impel to greater speed; to urge on.</def>

<blockquote>Impetuous lust <b>hurries</b> him on.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>hurried</b> him abroad a bark.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To impel to precipitate or thoughtless action; to urge to confused or irregular activity.</def>

<blockquote>And wild amazement <b>hurries</b> up and down
The little number of your doubtful friends.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to be done quickly.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To hasten; precipitate; expedite; quicken; accelerate; urge.</syn>

<h1>Hurry</h1>
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<hw>Hur"ry</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To move or act with haste; to proceed with celerity or precipitation; <as>as, let us <ex>hurry</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>To hurry up</col>, <cd>to make haste. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Hurry</h1>
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<hw>Hur"ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of hurrying in motion or business; pressure; urgency; bustle; confusion.</def>

<blockquote>Ambition raises a tumult in the soul, it inflames the mind, and puts into a violent <b>hurry</b> of thought.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Haste; speed; dispatch. See <er>Haste</er>.</syn>

<h1>Hurryingly</h1>
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<hw>Hur"ry*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a hurrying manner.</def>

<h1>Hurry-skurry</h1>
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<hw>Hur"ry-skur`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[An imitative word; cf. Sw. <ets>skorra</ets> to rattle, snarl, E. <ets>scurry</ets>.]</ety> <def>Confusedly; in a bustle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Hurst</h1>
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<hw>Hurst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hurst</ets>, AS. <ets>hyrst</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>hurst</ets>, <ets>horst</ets>, wood, thicket, G. <ets>horst</ets> the nest of a bird of prey, an eyerie, thicket.]</ety> <def>A wood or grove; -- a word used in the composition of many names, as in Hazle<i>hurst</i>.</def>

<h1>Hurt</h1>
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<hw>Hurt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A band on a trip-hammer helve, bearing the trunnions.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A husk. See <er>Husk</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Hurt</h1>
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<hw>Hurt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hurt</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hurting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hurten</ets>, <ets>hirten</ets>, <ets>horten</ets>, <ets>herten</ets>; prob. fr. OF. <ets>hurter</ets>, <ets>heurter</ets>, to knock, thrust, strike, F. <ets>heurter</ets>; cf. W. <ets>hyrddu</ets> to push, drive, assault, <ets>hwrdd</ets> a stroke, blow, push; also, a ram, the orig. sense of the verb thus perhaps being, to butt as a ram; cf. D. <ets>horten</ets> to push, strike, MHG. <ets>hurten</ets>, both prob. fr. Old French.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause physical pain to; to do bodily harm to; to wound or bruise painfully.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>hurt</b> lion groans within his den.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To impar the value, usefulness, beauty, or pleasure of; to damage; to injure; to harm.</def>

<blockquote>Virtue may be assailed, but never <b>hurt</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To wound the feelings of; to cause mental pain to; to offend in honor or self-respect; to annoy; to grieve.</def> "I am angry and <i>hurt</i>."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Hurter</h1>
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<hw>Hurt"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bodily injury causing pain; a wound, bruise, or the like.</def>

<blockquote>The pains of sickness and <b>hurts</b> . . . all men feel.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An injury causing pain of mind or conscience; a slight; a stain; as of sin.</def>

<blockquote>But the jingling of the guinea helps the <b>hurt</b> that Honor feels.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Injury; damage; detriment; harm; mischief.</def>

<blockquote>Thou dost me yet but little <b>hurt</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Wound; bruise; injury; harm; damage; loss; detriment; mischief; bane; disadvantage.</syn>

<h1>Hurter</h1>
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<hw>Hurt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hurts or does harm.</def>

<blockquote>I shall not be a <b>hurter</b>, if no helper.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hurter</h1>
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<hw>Hurt"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>heurtoir</ets>, lit., a striker. See <er>Hurt</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A butting piece; a strengthening piece, esp.: <fld>(Mil.)</fld> A piece of wood at the lower end of a platform, designed to prevent the wheels of gun carriages from injuring the parapet.</def>

<h1>Hurtful</h1>
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<hw>Hurt"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to impair or damage; injurious; mischievous; occasioning loss or injury; <as>as, <ex>hurtful</ex> words or conduct</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Pernicious; harmful; baneful; prejudicial; detrimental; disadvantageous; mischievous; injurious; noxious; unwholesome; destructive.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Hurt"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Hurt"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hurtle</h1>
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<hw>Hur"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hurtled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hurtling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>hurtlen</ets>, freq. of <ets>hurten</ets>. See <er>Hurt</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Hurl</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To meet with violence or shock; to clash; to jostle.</def>

<blockquote>Together <b>hurtled</b> both their steeds.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move rapidly; to wheel or rush suddenly or with violence; to whirl round rapidly; to skirmish.</def>

<blockquote>Now <b>hurtling</b> round, advantage for to take.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Down the <b>hurtling</b> cataract of the ages.
<i>R. L. Stevenson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make a threatening sound, like the clash of arms; to make a sound as of confused clashing or confusion; to resound.</def>

<blockquote>The noise of battle <b>hurtled</b> in the air.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The earthquake sound
<b>Hurtling</b> 'death the solid ground.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hurtle</h1>
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<hw>Hur"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move with violence or impetuosity; to whirl; to brandish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His harmful club he gan to <b>hurtle</b> high.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To push; to jostle; to hurl.</def>

<blockquote>And he <b>hurtleth</b> with his horse adown.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hurtleberry</h1>
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<hw>Hur"tle*ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Huckleberry</er>, <er>Whortleberry</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Whortleberry</er>.</def>

<h1>Hurtless</h1>
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<hw>Hurt"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Doing no injury; harmless; also, unhurt; without injury or harm.</def>

<blockquote>Gentle dame so <b>hurtless</b> and so true.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Hurt"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Hurt"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Husband</h1>
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<hw>Hus"band</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hosebonde</ets>, <ets>husbonde</ets>, a husband, the master of the house or family, AS. <ets>h<?/sbonda</ets> master of the house; <ets>h<?/s</ets> house + <ets>bunda</ets>, <ets>bonda</ets>, householder, husband; prob. fr. Icel. <ets>h<?/sb\'d3ndi</ets> house master, husband; <ets>h<?/s</ets> house + <ets>b<?/andi</ets> dwelling, inhabiting, p.pr. of <ets>b<?/a</ets> to dwell; akin to AS. <ets>b<?/an</ets>, Goth. <ets>bauan</ets>. See <er>House Be</er>, and cf. <er>Bond</er> a slave, <er>Boor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The male head of a household; one who orders the economy of a family.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cultivator; a tiller; a husbandman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The painful <b>husband</b>, plowing up his ground.
<i>Hakewill.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He is the neatest <b>husband</b> for curious ordering his domestic and field accommodations.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who manages or directs with prudence and economy; a frugal person; an economist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>God knows how little time is left me, and may I be a good <b>husband</b>, to improve the short remnant left me.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A married man; a man who has a wife; -- the correlative to <i>wife</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>husband</b> and wife are one person in law.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The male of a pair of animals.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<cs><col>A ship's husband</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an agent representing the owners of a ship, who manages its expenses and receipts.</cd></cs>

<h1>Husband</h1>
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<hw>Hus"band</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Husbanded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Husbanding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To direct and manage with frugality; to use or employ to good purpose and the best advantage; to spend, apply, or use, with economy.</def>

<blockquote>For my means, I'll <b>husband</b> them so well,
They shall go far.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cultivate, as land; to till.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Land so trim and rarely <b>husbanded</b>.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish with a husband.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Husbandable</h1>
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<hw>Hus"band*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being husbanded, or managed with economy.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Husbandage</h1>
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<hw>Hus"band*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The commission or compensation allowed to a ship's husband.</def>

<h1>Husbandless</h1>
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<hw>Hus"band*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of a husband.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Husbandly</h1>
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<hw>Hus"band*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Frugal; thrifty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Husbandman</h1>
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<hw>Hus"band*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Husbandmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The master of a family.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A farmer; a cultivator or tiller of the ground.</def>

<h1>Husbandry</h1>
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<hw>Hus"band*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Care of domestic affairs; economy; domestic management; thrift.</def>

<blockquote>There's <b>husbandry</b> in heaven;
Their candles are all out.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The business of a husbandman, comprehending the various branches of agriculture; farming.</def>

<blockquote><b>Husbandry</b> supplieth all things necessary for food.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hush</h1>
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<hw>Hush</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hushed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hushing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>huschen</ets>, <ets>hussen</ets>, prob. of imitative origin; cf. LG. <ets>hussen</ets> to lull to sleep, G. <ets>husch</ets> quick, make haste, be silent.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To still; to silence; to calm; to make quiet; to repress the noise or clamor of.</def>

<blockquote>My tongue shall <b>hush</b> again this storm of war.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To appease; to allay; to calm; to soothe.</def>

<blockquote>With thou, then,
<b>Hush</b> my cares?
<i>Otway.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And <b>hush'd</b> my deepest grief of all.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To hush up</col>, <cd>to procure silence concerning; to suppress; to keep secret. "This matter is <i>hushed up<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Hush</h1>
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<hw>Hush</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become or to keep still or quiet; to become silent; -- esp. used in the imperative, as an exclamation; be still; be silent or quiet; make no noise.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hush</b>, idle words, and thoughts of ill.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But all these strangers' presence every one did <b>hush</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hush</h1>
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<hw>Hush</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Stillness; silence; quiet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "It is the <i>hush</i> of night."

<i>Byron.</i>

<cs><col>Hush money</col>, <cd>money paid to secure silence, or to prevent the disclosure of facts.</cd></cs>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Hush</h1>
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<hw>Hush</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Silent; quiet.</def> "<i>Hush</i> as death."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Husher</h1>
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<hw>Hush"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An usher.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Hushing</h1>
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<hw>Hush"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The process of washing ore, or of uncovering mineral veins, by a heavy discharge of water from a reservoir; flushing; -- also called <i>booming</i>.</def>

<h1>Husk</h1>
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<hw>Husk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. for <ets>hulsk</ets>, and from the same root as <ets>hull</ets> a husk. See <er>Hull</er> a husk.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The external covering or envelope of certain fruits or seeds; glume; hull; rind; in the United States, especially applied to the covering of the ears of maize.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The supporting frame of a run of millstones.</def>

<cs><col>Husks of the prodigal son</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the pods of the carob tree. See <er>Carob</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Husk</h1>
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<hw>Husk</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Husked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Husking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strip off the external covering or envelope of; <as>as, to <ex>husk</ex> Indian corn</as>.</def>

<h1>Husked</h1>
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<hw>Husked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Covered with a husk.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Stripped of husks; deprived of husks.</def>

<h1>Huskily</h1>
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<hw>Hus"ki*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Husky</er>.]</ety> <def>In a husky manner; dryly.</def>

<h1>Huskiness</h1>
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<hw>Hus"ki*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being husky.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Roughness of sound; harshness; hoarseness; <as>as, <ex>huskiness</ex> of voice</as>.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<hr>
<page="715">
Page 715<p>

<h1>Husking</h1>
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<hw>Husk"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of stripping off husks, as from Indian corn.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A meeting of neighbors or friends to assist in husking maize; -- called also</def> <i>husking bee</i>. <mark>[U.S.]</mark> "A red ear in the <i>husking</i>."

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Husky</h1>
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<hw>Husk"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Husk</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Abounding with husks; consisting of husks.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Husky</h1>
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<hw>Hus"ky</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Prob. for <ets>husty</ets>; cf. OE. <ets>host</ets> cough, AS. <ets>hw\'d3sta</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hoest</ets>, G. <ets>husten</ets>, OHG. <ets>huosto</ets>, Icel. <ets>h\'d3sti</ets>. See <er>Wheeze</er>.]</ety> <def>Rough in tone; harsh; hoarse; raucous; <as>as, a <ex>husky</ex> voice</as>.</def>

<h1>Huso</h1>
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<hw>Hu"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. G. <ets>hausen</ets>, and E. <ets>isin</ets><?/glass.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A large European sturgeon (<spn>Acipenser huso</spn>), inhabiting the region of the Black and Caspian Seas. It sometimes attains a length of more than twelve feet, and a weight of two thousand pounds. Called also <altname>hausen</altname>.</def><-- = the beluga, source of the best caviar --> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The huchen, a large salmon.</def>

<h1>Hussar</h1>
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<hw>Hus*sar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hung. <ets>husz\'a0r</ets>, from <ets>husz</ets> twenty, because under King Matthais I., in the fifteenth century, every twenty houses were to furnish one horse soldier; cf. G. <ets>husar</ets>, F. <ets>houssard</ets>, <ets>hussard</ets>, from the same source.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Originally, one of the national cavalry of Hungary and Croatia; now, one of the light cavalry of European armies.</def>

<h1>Hussite</h1>
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<hw>Huss"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of John <i>Huss</i>, the Bohemian reformer, who was adjudged a heretic and burnt alive in 1415.</def>

<h1>Hussy</h1>
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<hw>Hus"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>huswife</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A housewife or housekeeper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A worthless woman or girl; a forward wench; a jade; -- used as a term of contempt or reproach.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pert girl; a frolicsome or sportive young woman; -- used jocosely.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Hussy</h1>
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<hw>Hus"sy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Icel. <ets>h<?/si</ets> a case, prob. fr. <ets>h<?/s</ets> house. See <er>House</er>, and cf. <er>Housewife</er> a bag, <er>Huswife</er> a bag.]</ety> <def>A case or bag. See <er>Housewife</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Hustings</h1>
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<hw>Hus"tings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>husting</ets> an assembly, coucil, AS. <ets>h<?/sting</ets>; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. <ets>h<?/s<?/ing</ets>; <ets>h<?/s</ets> home + <ets><?/ing</ets> thing, assembly, meeting; akin to Dan. & Sw. <ets>ting</ets>, E. <ets>thing</ets>. See <er>House</er>, and <er>Thing</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A court formerly held in several cities of England; specif., a court held in London, before the lord mayor, recorder, and sheriffs, to determine certain classes of suits for the recovery of lands within the city. In the progress of law reform this court has become unimportant.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any one of the temporary courts held for the election of members of the British Parliament.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The platform on which candidates for Parliament formerly stood in addressing the electors.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>When the rotten <b>hustings</b> shake
In another month to his brazen lies.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hustle</h1>
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<hw>Hus"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hustled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hustling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D. <ets>hustelen</ets> to shake, fr. <ets>husten</ets> to shake. Cf. <er>Hotchpotch</er>.]</ety> <def>To shake together in confusion; to push, jostle, or crowd rudely; to handle roughly; <as>as, to <ex>hustle</ex> a person out of a room</as>.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Hustle</h1>
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<hw>Hus"tle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To push or crows; to force one's way; to move hustily and with confusion; a hurry.</def>

<blockquote>Leaving the king, who had <b>hustled</b> along the floor with his dress worfully arrayed.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Huswife</h1>
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<hw>Hus"wife</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>huswif</ets>; <ets>hus</ets> house + <ets>wif</ets> wife. Cf. <er>Hussy</er> a housewife, <er>Housewife</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>housewife</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A female housekeeper; a woman who manages domestic affairs; a thirfty woman.</def> "The bounteous <i>huswife</i> Nature."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>huswife</b> is she that do labor doth fall.
<i>Tusser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A worthless woman; a hussy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[See <er>Hussy</er> a bag.]</ety> <def>A case for sewing materials. See <er>Housewife</er>.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Huswife</h1>
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<hw>Hus"wife</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To manage with frugality; -- said of a woman.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Huswifely</h1>
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<hw>Hus"wife*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a huswife; capable; economical; prudent.</def> -- <def2><tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a huswifely manner.</def></def2>

<h1>Huswifery</h1>
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<hw>Hus"wife*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The business of a housewife; female domestic economy and skill.</def>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Hut</h1>
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<hw>Hut</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hotte</ets>; akin to D. <ets>hut</ets>, G. <ets>h\'81tte</ets>, OHG. <ets>hutta</ets>, Dan. <ets>hytte</ets>, Sw. <ets>hydda</ets>; and F. <ets>hutte</ets>, of G. origin; all akin to E. <ets>hide</ets> to conceal. See <er>Hude</er> to conceal.]</ety> <def>A small house, hivel, or cabin; a mean lodge or dwelling; a slightly built or temporary structure.</def>

<blockquote>Death comes on with equal footsteps
To the hall and <b>hut</b>.
<i>Bp. Coxe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hutch</h1>
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<hw>Hutch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hutted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hutting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To place in huts; to live in huts; <as>as, to <ex>hut</ex> troops in winter quarters</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The troops <b>hutted</b> among the heights of Morristown.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hutch</h1>
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<hw>Hutch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hucche</ets>, <ets>huche</ets>, <ets>hoche</ets>, F. <ets>huche</ets>, LL. <ets>hutica</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chest, box, coffer, bin, coop, or the like, in which things may be stored, or animals kept; <as>as, a grain <ex>hutch</ex>; a rabbit <ex>hutch</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A measure of two Winchester bushels.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The case of a flour bolt.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A car on low wheels, in which coal is drawn in the mine and hoisted out of the pit.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A jig for washing ore.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Bolting hutch</col>, <col>Booby hutch</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Bolting</er>, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hutch</h1>
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<hw>Hutch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hutched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hutching</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hoard or lay up, in a chest.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "She <i>hutched</i> the . . . ore."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To wash (ore) in a box or jig.</def>

<h1>Hutchunsonian</h1>
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<hw>Hutch`un*so"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A follower of John <i>Hutchinson</i> of Yorkshire, England, who believed that the Hebrew Scriptures contained a complete system of natural science and of theology.</def>

<h1>Huttonian</h1>
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<hw>Hut*to"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to what is now called the <i>Plutonic</i> theory of the earth, first advanced by Dr. James <i>Hutton</i>.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<h1>Huxter</h1>
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<hw>Hux"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Huckster</er>.</def>

<h1>Huyghenian</h1>
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<hw>Huy*ghe"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or invented by, Christian <i>Huyghens</i>, a Dutch astronomer of the seventeenth century; <as>as, the <ex>Huyghenian</ex> telescope</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Huyghenian eyepiece</col><cd>See under <er>Eyepiece</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Huzz</h1>
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<hw>Huzz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[An onomatop\'d2a. &root;43. Cf. <er>Buzz</er>.]</ety> <def>To buzz; to murmur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Huzzing and burring in the preacher's ear.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Huzza</h1>
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<hw>Huz*za"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>hussa</ets>, <ets>husa</ets>, interj., hurrah, huzza. &root;43. Cf. <er>Hurrah</er>.]</ety> <def>A word used as a shout of joy, exultation, approbation, or encouragement.</def>

<h1>Huzza</h1>
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<hw>Huz"za</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shout of <i>huzza</i>; a cheer; a hurrah.</def>

<blockquote>They made a great <b>huzza</b> or shout.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Huzza</h1>
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<hw>Huz*za"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Huzzaed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Huzzaing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To shout huzza; to cheer.</def>

<h1>Huzza</h1>
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<hw>Huz*za"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To receive or attend with huzzas.</def>

<blockquote>He was <b>huzzaed</b> into the court.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hy</h1>
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<hw>Hy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>High.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hyacine</h1>
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<hw>Hy"a*cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hyacinth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Hyacinth</h1>
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<hw>Hy"a*cinth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hyacinthus</ets> a kind of flower, prob. the iris, gladiolus, or larkspur, also a kind of gem, perh. the sapphire; as, a proper name, <ets>Hyacinthus</ets>, a beautiful Laconian youth, beloved by Apollo, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/: cf. F. <ets>hyacinthe</ets>. Cf. <er>Jacinth</er>. The hyacinth was fabled to have sprung from the blood of <ets>Hyacinthus</ets>, who was accidentally slain by Apollo.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bulbous plant of the genus <spn>Hyacinthus</spn>, bearing beautiful spikes of fragrant flowers. <spn>H. orientalis</spn> is a common variety.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Camassia</spn> (<spn>C. Farseri</spn>), called also <altname>Eastern camass</altname>; wild hyacinth.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The name also given to <spn>Scilla Peruviana</spn>, a Mediterranean plant, one variety of which produces white, and another blue, flowers; -- called also, from a mistake as to its origin, <altname>Hyacinth of Peru</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A red variety of zircon, sometimes used as a gem. See <er>Zircon</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Hyacinth bean</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a climbing leguminous plant (<spn>Dolichos Lablab</spn>), related to the true bean. It has dark purple flowers and fruit.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hyacinthian</h1>
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<hw>Hy`a*cin"thi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hyacinthine.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Hyacinthine</h1>
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<hw>Hy`a*cin"thine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hyacinthinus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Belonging to the hyacinth; resemblingthe hyacinth; in color like the hyacinth.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>His curling locks like <b>hyacinthine</b> flowers.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>hyacinthine</b> boy, for whom
Morn well might break and April bloom.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hyades, Hyads</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy"a*des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy"ads</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Hyades</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A cluster of five stars in the face of the constellation Taurus, supposed by the ancients to indicate the coming of rainy weather when they rose with the sun.</def>

<blockquote>Thro' scudding drifts the rainy <b>Hyaned</b>
Vext the dim sea.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hy\'91na</h1>
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<hw>Hy*\'91"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hyena</er>.</def>

<h1>Hyalea</h1>
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<hw>Hy*a"le*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ glassy, fr. <?/ glass.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A pteroid of the genus <spn>Cavolina</spn>. See <er>Pteropoda</er>, and <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Hyalescence</h1>
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<hw>Hy`a*les"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hyaline</er>.]</ety> <def>The process of becoming, or the state of being, transparent like glass.</def>

<h1>Hyaline</h1>
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<hw>Hy"a*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hyalinus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ glass: cf. F. <ets>hyalin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Glassy; resembling glass; consisting of glass; transparent, like crystal.</def> "<i>Hyaline</i> spaces."

<i>Carpenter.</i>

<h1>Hyaline</h1>
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<hw>Hy"a*line</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A poetic term for the sea or the atmosphere.</def> "The clear <i>hyaline</i>, the glassy sea."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Our blood runs amazed 'neath the calm <b>hyaline</b>.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The pellucid substance, present in cells in process of development, from which, according to some embryologists, the cell nucleous originates.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>The main constituent of the walls of hydatid cysts; a nitrogenous body, which, by decomposition, yields a dextrogyrate sugar, susceptible of alcoholic fermentation.</def>

<i>Gamgee.</i>

<h1>Hyalite</h1>
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<hw>Hy"a*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ glass: cf. F. <ets>hyalite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A pellucid variety of opal in globules looking like colorless gum or resin; -- called also <altname>M\'81ller's glass</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hyalograph</h1>
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<hw>Hy*al"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ glass + <ets>graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for tracing designs on glass.</def>

<h1>Hyalography</h1>
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<hw>Hy`a*log"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Art of writing or engraving on glass.</def>

<h1>Hyaloid</h1>
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<hw>Hy"a*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ glassy, transparent; <?/ glass + <?/ appearance: cf. F. <ets>hyalo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Resembling glass; vitriform; transparent; hyaline; <as>as, the <ex>hyaloid</ex> membrane, a very delicate membrane inclosing the vitreous humor of the eye</as>.</def>

<h1>Hyalonema</h1>
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<hw>Hy`a*lo*ne"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ glass + <?/ a thread.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of hexactinelline sponges, having a long stem composed of very long, slender, transparent, siliceous fibres twisted together like the strands of a color. The stem of the Japanese species (<spn>H. Sieboldii</spn>), called <stype>glass-rope</stype>, has long been in use as an ornament. See <er>Glass-rope</er>.</def>

<h1>Hyalophane</h1>
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<hw>Hy*al"o*phane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ glass + <?/ to appear.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A species of the feldspar group containing barium. See <er>Feldspar</er>.</def>

<h1>Hyalospongia</h1>
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<hw>Hy`a*lo*spon"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ glass + <?/ a sponge.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of vitreous sponges, having glassy six-rayed, siliceous spicules; -- called also <altname><spn>Hexactinellin\'91</spn></altname>.</def>

<h1>Hyalotype</h1>
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<hw>Hy*al"o*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ glass + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <def>A photographic picture copied from the negative on glass; a photographic transparency.</def>

<i>R. Hunt.</i>

<h1>Hybernacle, Hybernate, Hybernation</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy*ber"na*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy"ber*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy`ber*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw><def>See <er>Hibernacle</er>, <er>Hibernate</er>, <er>Hibernation</er>.</def>

<h1>Hybl\'91an</h1>
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<hw>Hy*bl\'91"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Hyblaeus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Hybla, an ancient town of Sicily, famous for its bees.</def>

<h1>Hybodont</h1>
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<hw>Hyb"o*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hump + <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an extinct genus of sharks (<spn>Hybodus</spn>), especially in the form of the teeth, which consist of a principal median cone with smaller lateral ones.</def>

<h1>Hybodus</h1>
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<hw>Hyb"o*dus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hybodont</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of sharks having conical, compressed teeth.</def>

<h1>Hybrid</h1>
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<hw>Hy"brid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hybrida</ets>, <ets>hibrida</ets>, prob. allied to Gr. <?/ wantonness (as if unbridled, lawless, unnatural), perh. akin to Gr. <?/ over, E. <ets>over</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hybride</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The offspring of the union of two distinct species; an animal or plant produced from the mixture of two species. See <er>Mongrel</er>.</def>

<h1>Hybrid</h1>
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<hw>Hy"brid</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Produced from the mixture of two species; <as>as, plants of <ex>hybrid</ex> nature</as>.</def>

<h1>Hybridism</h1>
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<hw>Hy"brid*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being hybrid.</def>

<h1>Hybridist</h1>
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<hw>Hy"brid*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hybridizes.</def>

<h1>Hybridity</h1>
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<hw>Hy*brid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hybridism.</def>

<h1>Hybridizable</h1>
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<hw>Hy"brid*i`za*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of forming a hybrid, or of being subjected to a hybridizing process; capable of producing a hybrid by union with another species or stock.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hybridizable</b> genera are rarer than is generally supposed, even in gardens where they are so often operated upon, under circumstances most favorable to the production of hybrids.
<i>J. D. Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hybridization</h1>
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<hw>Hy`brid*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of hybridizing, or the state of being hybridized.</def>

<h1>Hybridize</h1>
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<hw>Hy"brid*i`ze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hybridized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hybridizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To render hybrid; to produce by mixture of stocks.</def>

<h1>Hybridizer</h1>
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<hw>Hy"brid*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hybridizes.</def>

<h1>Hybridous</h1>
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<hw>Hy"brid*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hybrid</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydage</h1>
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<hw>Hyd"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A land tax. See <er>Hidage</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydantoic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dan*to"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, hydantoin. See <er>Glycoluric</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydantoin</h1>
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<hw>Hy*dan"to*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hyd</ets>rogen + all<ets>antion</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A derivative of urea, <chform>C3H4N2O2</chform>, obtained from allantion, as a white, crystalline substance, with a sweetish taste; -- called also <altname>glycolyl urea</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hydatid</h1>
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<hw>Hy"da*tid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a watery vesicle under the upper eyelid, fr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk>, <grk>"y`datos</grk>, water: cf. F. <ets>hydatide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A membranous sac or bladder filled with a pellucid fluid, found in various parts of the bodies of animals, but unconnected with the tissues. It is usually formed by parasitic worms, esp. by larval tapeworms, as Echinococcus and C\'d2nurus. See these words in the Vocabulary.</def>

<cs><col>Hydatid of Morgagni</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one of the small pedunculated bodies found between the testicle and the head of the epididymis, and supposed to be a remnant of the M\'81llerian duct.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hydatiform</h1>
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<hw>Hy*dat"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydatid</ets> + -<ets>form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling a hydatid.</def>

<h1>Hydatoid</h1>
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<hw>Hy"da*toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk>, <grk>"y`datos</grk>, water + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Resembling water; watery; aqueous; hyaloid.</def>

<h1>Hydr-</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dr-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. See under <er>Hydro-</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydra</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Hydras</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Hydr\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>hydra</ets>, Gr. <grk>"y`dra</grk>; akin to <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water. See <er>Otter</er> the animal, <er>Water</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A serpent or monster in the lake or marsh of Lerna, in the Peloponnesus, represented as having many heads, one of which, when cut off, was immediately succeeded by two others, unless the wound was cauterized. It was slain by Hercules. Hence, a terrible monster.</def>

<blockquote>Gorgons, and <b>Hydras</b>, and Chimeras dire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A multifarious evil, or an evil having many sources; not to be overcome by a single effort.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any small fresh-water hydroid of the genus <spn>Hydra</spn>, usually found attached to sticks, stones, etc., by a basal sucker.</def>

<note>&hand; The body is a simple tube, having a mouth at one extremity, surrounded by a circle of tentacles with which it captures its prey. Young hydras bud out from the sides of the older ones, but soon become detached and are then like their parent. Hydras are remarkable for their power of repairing injuries; for if the body be divided in pieces, each piece will grow into a complete hydra, to which fact the name alludes. The zooids or hydranths of marine hydroids are sometimes called <i>hydras</i>.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A southern constellation of great length lying southerly from Cancer, Leo, and Virgo.</def>

<h1>Hydrachnid</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drach"nid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydr-</ets> + ar<ets>achnid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An aquatic mite of the genus <spn>Hydrachna</spn>. The hydrachids, while young, are parasitic on fresh-water mussels.</def>

<h1>Hydracid</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drac"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydr-</ets> + <ets>acid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hydracide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An acid containing hydrogen; -- sometimes applied to distinguish acids like hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, and the like, which contain no oxygen, from the oxygen acids or oxacids. See <er>Acid</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydracrylic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dra*cryl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydr-</ets> + <ets>acrylic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an isomeric variety of lastic acid that breaks down into acrylic acid and water.</def>

<h1>Hydractinian</h1>
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<hw>Hy`drac*tin"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hydra</er>, and <er>Actinia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species or marine hydroids, of the genus <spn>Hydractinia</spn> and allied genera. These hydroids form, by their rootstalks, a firm, chitinous coating on shells and stones, and esp. on spiral shells occupied by hermit crabs. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Athecata</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="716">
Page 716<p>

<h1>Hydr\'91mia</h1>
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<hw>Hy*dr\'91"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ blood.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An abnormally watery state of the blood; an\'91mia.</def>

<h1>Hydragogue</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dra*gogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hydragogus</ets> conveying off water, Gr. <?/; <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ to lead: cf. F. <ets>hydragogue</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Causing a discharge of water; expelling serum effused into any part of the body, as in dropsy.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A hydragogue medicine, usually a cathartic or diuretic.</def></def2>

<h1>Hydramide</h1>
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<hw>Hy*dram"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydr-</ets> + -<ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a group of crystalline bodies produced by the action of ammonia on certain aldehydes.</def>

<h1>Hydramine</h1>
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<hw>Hy*dram"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydr</ets>oxyl + <ets>amine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of artificial, organic bases, usually produced as thick viscous liquids by the action of ammonia on ethylene oxide. They have the properties both of alcohol and amines.</def>

<h1>Hydrangea</h1>
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<hw>Hy*dran"ge*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ vessel, capsule: cf. F. <ets>hydrang\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of shrubby plants bearing opposite leaves and large heads of showy flowers, white, or of various colors. <spn>H. hortensis</spn>, the common garden species, is a native of China or Japan.</def>

<h1>Hydrant</h1>
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<hw>Hy"drant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to irrigate, fr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water. See <er>Hydra</er>.]</ety> <def>A discharge pipe with a valve and spout at which water may be drawn from the mains of waterworks; a water plug.</def>

<h1>Hydranth</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dranth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydra</ets> + Gr. <?/ a flower.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the nutritive zooids of a hydroid colony. Also applied to the proboscis or manubrium of a hydroid medusa. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Hydroidea</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydrargochloride</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drar"go*chlo"ride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydrarg</ets>yrum + <ets>chloride</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of the bichloride of mercury with another chloride.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hydrargyrate</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drar"gy*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to mercury; containing, or impregnated with, mercury.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Hydrargyrism</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drar"gy*rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A diseased condition produced by poisoning with hydrargyrum, or mercury; mercurialism.</def>

<h1>Hydrargyrum</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drar"gy*rum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>hydrargyrus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ water + <?/ silver.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Quicksilver; mercury.</def>

<h1>Hydrarthrosis</h1>
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<hw>Hy`drar*thro"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hydro-</er>, 1, and <er>Arthrosis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An effusion of watery liquid into the cavity of a joint.</def>

<h1>Hydrastine</h1>
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<hw>Hy*dras"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid, found in the rootstock of the golden seal (<spn>Hydrastis Canadensis</spn>), and extracted as a bitter, white, crystalline substance. It is used as a tonic and febrifuge.</def>

<h1>Hydra-tainted</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dra-taint`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dipped in the gall of the fabulous hydra; poisonous; deadly.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Hydrate</h1>
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<hw>Hy"drate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water: cf. F. <ets>hydrate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A compound formed by the union of water with some other substance, generally forming a neutral body, as certain crystallized salts.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A substance which does not contain water as such, but has its constituents (hydrogen, oxygen, hydroxyl) so arranged that water may be eliminated; hence, a derivative of, or compound with, hydroxyl; hydroxide; <as>as, ethyl <ex>hydrate</ex>, or common alcohol; calcium <ex>hydrate</ex>, or slaked lime.</as></def>

<h1>Hydrate</h1>
<Xpage=716>

<hw>Hy"drate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hydrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hydrating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To form into a hydrate; to combine with water.</def>

<h1>Hydrated</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dra*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed into a hydrate; combined with water.</def>

<h1>Hydration</h1>
<Xpage=716>

<hw>Hy*dra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act of becoming, or state of being, a hydrate.</def>

<cs><col>Water of hydration</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>water chemically combined with some substance to form a hydrate; -- distinguished from <i>water of crystallization<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hydraulic</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drau"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hydraulique</ets>, L. <ets>hydraulicus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a water organ; <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ flute, pipe. See <er>Hydra</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to hydraulics, or to fluids in motion; conveying, or acting by, water; <as>as, an <ex>hydraulic</ex> clock, crane, or dock</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Hydraulic accumulator</col>, <cd>an accumulator for hydraulic machinery of any kind. See <er>Accumulator</er>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic brake</col>, <cd>a cataract. See <er>Cataract</er>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic cement</col>, <cd>a cement or mortar made of hydraulic lime, which will harden under water.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic elevator</col>, <cd>a lift operated by the weight or pressure of water.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic jack</col>. <cd>See under <er>Jack</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic lime</col>, <cd>quicklime obtained from hydraulic limestone, and used for cementing under water, etc.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic limestone</col>, <cd>a limestone which contains some clay, and which yields a quicklime that will set, or form a firm, strong mass, under water.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic main</col> <fld>(Gas Works)</fld>, <cd>a horizontal pipe containing water at the bottom into which the ends of the pipes from the retorts dip, for passing the gas through water in order to remove ammonia.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic mining</col>, <cd>a system of mining in which the force of a jet of water is used to wash down a bank of gold-bearing gravel or earth.</cd> <mark>[Pacific Coast]</mark> -- <col>Hydraulic press</col></mcol>, <cd>a hydrostatic press. See under <er>Hydrostatic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic propeller</col>, <cd>a device for propelling ships by means of a stream of water ejected under water rearward from the ship.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic ram</col>, <cd>a machine for raising water by means of the energy of the moving water of which a portion is to be raised. When the rush of water through the main pipe <figref>d</figref> shuts the valve at <figref>a</figref>, the momentum of the current thus suddenly checked forces part of it into the air chamber <figref>b</figref>, and up the pipe <figref>c</figref>, its return being prevented by a valve at the entrance to the air chamber, while the dropping of the valve <figref>a</figref> by its own weight allows another rush through the main pipe, and so on alternately.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic valve</col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A valve for regulating the distribution of water in the cylinders of hydraulic elevators, cranes, etc.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Gas Works)</fld> <cd>An inverted cup with a partition dipping into water, for opening or closing communication between two gas mains, the open ends of which protrude about the water.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hydraulical</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drau"lic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hydraulic.</def>

<h1>Hydraulicon</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drau"li*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hydraulic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An ancient musical instrument played by the action of water; a water organ.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hydraulis</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hydraulics</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drau"lics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hydraulique</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of science, or of engineering, which treats of fluids in motion, especially of water, its action in rivers and canals, the works and machinery for conducting or raising it, its use as a prime mover, and the like.</def>

<note>&hand; As a science, hydraulics includes hydrodynamics, or the principles of mechanics applicable to the motion of water; as a branch of engineering, it consists in the practical application of the mechanics of fluids to the control and management of water with reference to the wants of man, including canals, waterworks, hydraulic machines, pumps, water wheels, etc. Some writers treat hydraulics and hydrostatics as subdivisions of hydrodynamics.</note>

<h1>Hydrazine</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dra*zine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydr-</ets> + <ets>azo-</ets> + -<ets>ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a series of nitrogenous bases, resembling the amines and produced by the reduction of certain nitroso and diazo compounds; <as>as, methyl <ex>hydrazine</ex>, phenyl <ex>hydrazine</ex>, etc.</as>  They are derivatives of hydrazine proper, <chform>H2N.NH2</chform>, which is a doubled amido group, recently (1887) isolated as a stable, colorless gas, with a peculiar, irritating odor. As a base it forms distinct salts. Called also <altname>diamide</altname>, <altname>amidogen</altname>, (or more properly <altname>diamidogen</altname>), etc.</def>

<h1>Hydrencephsloid</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dren*ceph"s*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydrencephal</ets>us + -<ets>oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hydrocephaloid</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydria</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A water jar; esp., one with a large rounded body, a small neck, and three handles. Some of the most beautiful Greek vases are of this form.</def>

<h1>Hydriad</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dri*ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, of the water, fr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A water nymph.</def>

<h1>Hydric</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Hydrogen</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen; <as>as, <ex>hydric</ex> oxide</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Hydric dioxide</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Hydrogen dioxide</cref>, under <er>Hydrogen</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hydric oxide</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>water.</cd> -- <col>Hydric sulphate</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>hydrogen sulphate or sulphuric acid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hydride</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydr-</ets> + <ets>ide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of the binary type, in which hydrogen is united with some other element.</def><-- spec., with a more electropositive element -->

<-- lithium hydride.  A hydride of lithium, LiH, commonly used as a powerful reducing agent in organic chemistry -->

<h1>Hydriform</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dri*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydra</ets> + -<ets>form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the form or structure of a hydra.</def>

<h1>Hydrina</h1>
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<hw>Hy*dri"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hydra</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The group of hydroids to which the fresh-water hydras belong.</def>

<h1>Hydriodate</h1>
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<hw>Hy*dri"o*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hydriodate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hydriodide</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydriodic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dri*od"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydr-</ets> + <ets>iodic</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hydriodique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and iodine; -- said of an acid produced by the combination of these elements.</def>

<cs><col>Hydriodic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a pungent, colorless gas, <chform>HI</chform>, usually prepared as a solution in water. It is strong reducing agent. Called also <altname>hydrogen iodine</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hydriodide</h1>
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<hw>Hy*dri"o*dide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of hydriodic acid with a base; -- distinguished from an <i>iodide</i>, in which only the iodine combines with the base.</def>

<h1>Hydro-, Hydr-</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy"dro-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy"dr-</hw>.<hw> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A combining form from Gr. <?/, <?/, water (see <er>Hydra</er>).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combining form of <i>hydrogen</i>, indicating <i>hydrogen as an ingredient</i>, <as>as <ex>hydro</ex>chloric; or a <ex>reduction product obtained by hydrogen</ex>, as <ex>hydro</ex>quinone.</as></def>

<h1>Hydrobarometer</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*ba*rom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>barometer</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for determining the depth of the sea water by its pressure.</def>

<h1>Hydrobilirubin</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*bil`i*ru"bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>bilirubin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A body formed from bilirubin, identical with urobilin.</def>

<h1>Hydrobranchiata</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ gills.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive artificial division of gastropod mollusks, including those that breathe by gills, as contrasted with the Pulmonifera.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hy`dro*bran"chi*ate</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hydrobromate</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*bro"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hydrobromide</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydrobromic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*bro"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>bromic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Composed of hydrogen and bromine; <as>as, <ex>hydrobromic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Hydrobromic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a colorless, pungent, corrosive gas, <chform>HBr</chform>, usually collected as a solution in water. It resembles hydrochloric acid, but is weaker and less stable. Called also <altname>hydrogen bromide</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hydrobromide</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*bro"mide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of hydrobromic acid with a base; -- distinguished from a <i>bromide</i>, in which only the bromine unites with the base.</def><-- analogous to hydrochloride or hydriodide -->

<h1>Hydrocarbon</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*car"bon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>carbon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon, as methane, benzene, etc.; also, by extension, any of their derivatives.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Hydrocarbon burner</col>, <col>furnace</col>, <col>stove</col></mcol>, <cd>a burner, furnace, or stove with which liquid fuel, as petroleum, is used.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hydrocarbonaceous</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*car`bo*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature, or containing, hydrocarbons.</def>

<h1>Hydrocarbonate</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*car"bon*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrous carbonate, as malachite.</def>

<h1>Hydrocarbostyril</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*car`bo*sty"ril</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>carbostyril</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, nitrogenous hydrocarbon, <chform>C9H9NO</chform>, obtained from certain derivatives of cinnamic acid and closely related to quinoline and carbostyril.</def>

<h1>Hydrocarburet</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*car"bu*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>carburet</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Carbureted hydrogen; also, a hydrocarbon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hydrocaulus</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*cau"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hydrocauli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ a stalk.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hollow stem of a hydroid, either simple or branched. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Gymnoblastea</er> and <er>Hydroidea</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydrocele</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*cele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ tumor.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A collection of serous fluid in the areolar texture of the scrotum or in the coverings, especially in the serous sac, investing the testicle or the spermatic cord; dropsy of the testicle.</def>

<h1>Hydrocephalic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or connected with, hydrocephalus, or dropsy of the brain.</def>

<h1>Hydrocephaloid</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*ceph"a*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydrocephalus</ets> + -<ets>oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Resembling hydrocephalus.</def>

<cs><col>Hydrocephaloid affection</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the group of symptoms which follow exhausting diarrhea in young children, resembling those of acute hydrocephalus, or tubercular meningitis.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hydrocephalous</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having hydrocephalus.</def> "<i>Hydrocephalous</i> offspring."

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Hydrocephalus</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*ceph"a*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hydrocephalus; <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An accumulation of liquid within the cavity of the cranium, especially within the ventricles of the brain; dropsy of the brain. It is due usually to tubercular meningitis. When it occurs in infancy, it often enlarges the head enormously.</def>

<h1>Hydrochlorate</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*chlo"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hydrochloride</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydrochloric</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*chlo"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>hloric</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hydrochlorique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or compounded of, chlorine and hydrogen gas; <as>as, <ex>hydrochloric</ex> acid</as>; chlorhydric.</def>

<cs><col>Hydrochloric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>hydrogen chloride; a colorless, corrosive gas, <chform>HCl</chform>, of pungent, suffocating odor. It is made in great quantities in the soda process, by the action of sulphuric acid on common salt. It has a great affinity for water, and the commercial article is a strong solution of the gas in water. It is a typical acid, and is an indispensable agent in commercial and general chemical work. Called also <altname>muriatic, &and; chlorhydric, acid</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hydrochloride</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*chlo"ride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of hydrochloric acid with a base; -- distinguished from a <i>chloride</i>, where only chlorine unites with the base.</def>

<h1>Hydrocorallia</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*co*ral"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hydra</er>, and <er>Coral</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Hydroidea, including those genera that secrete a stony coral, as <i>Millepora</i> and <i>Stylaster</i>. Two forms of zooids in life project from small pores in the coral and resemble those of other hydroids. See <er>Millepora</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydrocyanate</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*cy"a*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hydrocyanide</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydrocyanic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*cy*an"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>anic</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hydrocyanique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from the combination of, hydrogen and cyanogen.</def>

<cs><col>Hydrocyanic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, <chform>HCN</chform>, having a characteristic peach-blossom odor. It is one of the most deadly poisons. It is made by the action of sulphuric acid on yellow prussiate of potassium (potassium ferrocyanide), and chemically resembles hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids. Called also <altname>prussic acid</altname>, <altname>hydrogen cyanide</altname>, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hydrocyanide</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*cy"a*nide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of hydrocyanic acid with a base; -- distinguished from a <i>cyanide</i>, in which only the cyanogen so combines.</def>

<h1>Hydrodynamic, Hydrodynamical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>dynamic</ets>, -<ets>ical</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hydrodynamique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the dynamical action of water of a liquid; of or pertaining to water power.</def>

<cs><col>Hydrodynamic friction</col>, <cd>friction produced by the viscosity of a liquid in motion.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hydrodynamics</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*dy*nam"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>dynamics</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hydrodynamique</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of the science of mechanics which relates to fluids, or, as usually limited, which treats of the laws of motion and action of nonelastic fluids, whether as investigated mathematically, or by observation and experiment; the principles of dynamics, as applied to water and other fluids.</def>

<note>&hand; The word is sometimes used as a general term, including both hydrostatics and hydraulics, together with pneumatics and acoustics. See <er>Hydraulics</er>.</note>

<h1>Hydrodynamometer</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*dy`na*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>dynamometer</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument to measure the velocity of a liquid current by the force of its impact.</def>

<h1>Hydro-electric</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro-e*lec"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>electric</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, employed in, or produced by, the evolution of electricity by means of a battery in which water or steam is used.</def>

<cs><col>Hydro-electric machine</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>an apparatus invented by Sir William Armstrong of England for generating electricity by the escape of high-pressure steam from a series of jets connected with a strong boiler, in which the steam is produced.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hydro-extractor</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro-ex*tract"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>extractor</ets>.]</ety> <def>An apparatus for drying anything, as yarn, cloth, sugar, etc., by centrifugal force; a centrifugal.</def>

<h1>Hydroferricyanic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*fer`ri*cy*an"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>ferricyanic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferric iron, and cyanogen; <as>as, <ex>hydroferricyanic</ex> acid</as>. See <er>Ferricyanic</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydroferrocyanic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*fer`ro*cy*an"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>ferrocyanic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferrous iron, and cyanogen; <as>as, <ex>hydroferrocyanic</ex> acid</as>. See <er>Ferrocyanic</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydrofluate</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*flu"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A supposed compound of hydrofluoris acid and a base; a fluoride.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Hydrofluoric</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*flu*or"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>fluoric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen and fluorine; fluohydric; <as>as, <ex>hydrofluoric</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Hydrofluoric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, <chform>HF</chform>, very corrosive in its action, and having a strong, pungent, suffocating odor. It is produced by the action of sulphuric acid on fluorite, and is usually collected as a solution in water. It attacks all silicates, as glass or porcelain, is the agent employed in etching glass, and is preserved only in vessels of platinum, lead, caoutchouc, or gutta-percha.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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Page 717<p>

<h1>Hydrofluosilicate</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*flu`o*sil"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of hydrofluosilic acid; a silicofluoride. See <er>Silicofluoride</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydrofluosilicic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*flu`o*si*lic"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>fluo</ets>rine + <ets>silicic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or denoting, a compound consisting of a double fluoride of hydrogen and silicon; silicofluoric. See <er>Silicofluoric</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydrogalvanic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*gal*van"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>galvanic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, produced by, or consisting of, electricity evolved by the action or use of fluids; <as>as, <ex>hydrogalvanic</ex> currents</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Hydrogen</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dro*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>-gen</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hydrog\'8ane</ets>. So called because water is generated by its combustion. See</tt> <er>Hydra</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A gaseous element, colorless, tasteless, and odorless, the lightest known substance, being fourteen and a half times lighter than air (hence its use in filling balloons), and over eleven thousand times lighter than water. It is very abundant, being an ingredient of water and of many other substances, especially those of animal or vegetable origin. It may by produced in many ways, but is chiefly obtained by the action of acids (as sulphuric) on metals, as zinc, iron, etc. It is very inflammable, and is an ingredient of coal gas and water gas. It is standard of chemical equivalents or combining weights, and also of valence, being the typical monad. Symbol H. Atomic weight 1.</def><-- At. wt. = 1.008 using carbon as 12.000 -->

<note>&hand; Although a gas, hydrogen is chemically similar to the metals in its nature, having the properties of a weak base.  It is, in all acids, the base which is replaced by metals and basic radicals to form salts.  Like all other gases, it is condensed by great cold and pressure to a liquid which freezes and solidifies by its own evaporation. It is absorbed in large quantities by certain metals (esp. palladium), forming alloy-like compounds; hence, in view of quasi-metallic nature, it is sometimes called <altname>hydrogenium</altname>. It is the typical reducing agent, as opposed to oxidizers, as oxygen, chlorine, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Bicarbureted hydrogen</col>, <cd>an old name for ethylene.</cd> -- <col>Carbureted hydrogen gas</col>. <cd>See under <er>Carbureted</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hydrogen dioxide</col>, <cd>a thick, colorless liquid, <chform>H2O2</chform>, resembling water, but having a bitter, sour taste, produced by the action of acids on barium peroxide. It decomposes into water and oxygen, and is manufactured in large quantities for an oxidizing and bleaching agent. Called also <altname>oxygenated water</altname>.<-- usually "hydrogen peroxide", or "peroxide" in weak solutions used as an antiseptic--></cd> -- <col>Hydrogen oxide</col>, <cd>a chemical name for water, H<?/O.</cd> -- <col>Hydrogen sulphide</col>, <cd>a colorless inflammable gas, <chform>H2S</chform>, having the characteristic odor of bad eggs, and found in many mineral springs. It is produced by the action of acids on metallic sulphides, and is an important chemical reagent. Called also <altname>sulphureted hydrogen</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hydrogenate</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dro*gen*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hydrogenated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hydrogenating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To hydrogenize.</def>

<h1>Hydrogenation</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*gen*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act of combining with hydrogen, or the state of being so combined.</def>

<h1>Hydrogenide</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dro*gen*ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A binary compound containing hydrogen; a hydride. <mark>[R.]</mark> See <er>Hydride</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydrogenium</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*ge"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hydrogen</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Hydrogen; -- called also in view of its supposed metallic nature.</def>

<i>Graham.</i>

<h1>Hydrogenize</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dro*gen*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hydrogenized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hydrogenizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To combine with hydrogen; to treat with, or subject to the action of, hydrogen; to reduce; -- contrasted with <i>oxidize</i>.</def>

<h1>Hydrogenous</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to hydrogen; containing hydrogen.</def>

<h1>Hydrognosy</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drog"no*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + Gr. <?/ knowledge.]</ety> <def>A treatise upon, or a history and description of, the water of the earth.</def>

<h1>Hydrogode</h1>
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<hw>Hy"drog*ode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydrog</ets>en + Gr. <?/ way. path.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The negative pole or cathode.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Hydrographer</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in the hydrography; one who surveys, or draws maps or charts of, the sea, lakes, or other waters, with the adjacent shores; one who describes the sea or other waters.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Hydrographic, Hydrographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy`dro*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy`dro*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to hydrography.</def>

<h1>Hydrography</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + -<ets>graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hydrographie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of measuring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers, and other waters, with their phenomena.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That branch of surveying which embraces the determination of the contour of the bottom of a harbor or other sheet of water, the depth of soundings, the position of channels and shoals, with the construction of charts exhibiting these particulars.</def>

<h1>Hydroguret</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drog"u*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Hydrogen</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydride.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hydroid</h1>
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<hw>Hy"droid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydra</ets> + -<ets>oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Related to, or resembling, the hydra; of or pertaining to the Hydroidea.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Hydroideas.</def></def2>

<h1>Hydroidea</h1>
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<hw>Hy*droi"de*a</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hydra</er>, and <er>-oid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive order of Hydrozoa or Acaleph\'91.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Hydroida</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; This order includes the hydras and the free-swimming hydromedus\'91, together with a great variety of marine attached hydroids, many of which grow up into large, elegantly branched forms, consisting of a vast number of zooids (hydranths, gonophores, etc.), united by hollow stems. All the zooids of a colony are produced from one primary zooid, by successive buddings. The Siphonophora have also been included in this order by some writers. See <er>Gymnoblastea</er>, <er>Hydromedusa</er>, <er>Gonosome</er>, <er>Gonotheca</er>.</note>

<h1>Hydrokinetic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*ki*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>kinetic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the motions of fluids, or the forces which produce or affect such motions; -- opposed to <i>hydrostatic</i>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Thomson.</i>

<h1>Hydrological</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to hydrology.</def>

<h1>Hydrologist</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in hydrology.</def>

<h1>Hydrology</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hydrologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of water, its properties, phenomena, and distribution over the earth's surface.</def>

<h1>Hydrolytic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*lyt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + Gr. <?/ to loose.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Tending to remove or separate water; eliminating water.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hydrolytic</b> agents, such as sulphuric acid or caustic alkali.
<i>Encyc. Brit.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Hydrolitic ferment</col> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a ferment, enzyme, or chemical ferment, which acts only in the presence of water, and which causes the substance acted upon to take up a molecule of water. Thus, diastase of malt, ptyalin of saliva, and boiling dilute sulphuric acid all convert starch by hydration into dextrin and sugar.  Nearly all of the digestive ferments are hydrolytic in their action.</cd></cs><-- = hydrolase (after 1910) -->

<h1>Hydromagnesite</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*mag"ne*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>magnesite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous carbonate of magnesia occurring in white, early, amorphous masses.</def>

<h1>Hydromancy</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dro*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hydromancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of water, -- practiced by the ancients.</def>

<h1>Hydromantic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*man"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hydromantique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to divination by water.</def>

<h1>Hydromechanics</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*me*chan"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>mechanics</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of physics which treats of the mechanics of liquids, or of their laws of equilibrium and of motion.</def>

<h1>Hydromedusa</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*me*du"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hydromedus\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Hydra</er>, and <er>Medusa</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any medusa or jellyfish which is produced by budding from a hydroid. They are called also <altname>Craspedota</altname>, and <altname>naked-eyed medus\'91</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; Such medus\'91 are the reproductive zooids or gonophores, either male or female, of the hydroid from which they arise, whether they become free or remain attached to the hydroid colony. They in turn produce the eggs from which the hydroids are developed. The name is also applied to other similar medus\'91 which are not known to bud from a hydroid colony, and even to some which are known to develop directly from the eggs, but which in structure agree essentially with those produced from hydroids. See <er>Hydroidea</er>, and <er>Gymnoblastea</er>.</note>

<h1>Hydromel</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dro*mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hydromel</ets>, <ets>hydromeli</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ water + <?/ honey: cf. F. <ets>hydromel</ets>.]</ety> <def>A liquor consisting of honey diluted in water, and after fermentation called <i>mead</i>.</def>

<h1>Hydromellonic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*mel*lon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Cyamellone</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydrometallurgical</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to hydrometallurgy; involving the use of liquid reagents in the treatment or reduction of ores.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hydrometallurgy</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*met"al*lur`gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>metallurgy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or process of assaying or reducing ores by means of liquid reagents.</def>

<h1>Hydrometeor</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*me"te*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>meteor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A meteor or atmospheric phenomenon dependent upon the vapor of water; -- in the <pluf>pl.</pluf>, a general term for the whole aqueous phenomena of the atmosphere, as rain, snow, hail, etc.</def>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<h1>Hydrometeorological</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*me`te*or`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to hydrometeorology, or to rain, clouds, storms, etc.</def>

<h1>Hydrometeorology</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*me`te*or*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>meteorology</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of meteorology which relates to, or treats of, water in the atmosphere, or its phenomena, as rain, clouds, snow, hail, storms, etc.</def>

<h1>Hydrometer</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hydrom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for determining the specific gravities of liquids, and thence the strength spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; It is usually made of glass with a graduated stem, and indicates the specific gravity of a liquid by the depth to which it sinks in it, the zero of the scale marking the depth to which it sinks in pure water. Extra weights are sometimes used to adapt the scale to liquids of different densities.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument, variously constructed, used for measuring the velocity or discharge of water, as in rivers, from reservoirs, etc., and called by various specific names according to its construction or use, as <altname>tachometer</altname>, <altname>rheometer</altname>, <altname>hydrometer</altname>, <altname>pendulum</altname>, etc.; a current gauge.</def>

<h1>Hydrometric, Hydrometrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy`dro*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy`dro*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hydrom\'8atrique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an hydrometer, or to the determination of the specific gravity of fluids.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to measurement of the velocity, discharge, etc., of running water.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Made by means of an hydrometer; <as>as, <ex>hydrometric</ex> observations</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Hydrometric pendulum</col>, <cd>a species of hydrometer consisting of a hollow ball of ivory or metal suspended by a treated from the center of a graduated quadrant, and held in a stream to measure the velocity of the water by the inclination given to the thread; a kind of current gauge.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hydrometrograph</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*met"ro*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + Gr. <?/ measure + -<ets>graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for determining and recording the quantity of water discharged from a pipe, orifice, etc., in a given time.</def>

<h1>Hydrometry</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hydrom\'8atrique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of determining the specific gravity of liquids, and thence the strength of spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The art or operation of measuring the velocity or discharge of running water, as in rivers, etc.</def>

<h1>Hydromica</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*mi"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>mica</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of potash mica containing water. It is less elastic than ordinary muscovite.</def>

<cs><col>Hydromica schist</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a mica schist characterized by the presence of hydromica. It often has a silky luster and almost soapy feel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hydronephrosis</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*ne*phro"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ a kidney.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An accumulation of urine in the pelvis of the kidney, occasioned by obstruction in the urinary passages.</def>

<h1>Hydropath</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dro*path</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hydropathe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hydropathist.</def>

<h1>Hydropathic, Hydropathical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy`dro*path"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy`dro*path"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to hydropathy.</def>

<h1>Hydropathist</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drop"a*thist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices hydropathy; a water-cure doctor.</def>

<h1>Hydropathy</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drop"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + Gr. <?/, <?/, to suffer.]</ety> <def>The water cure; a mode of treating diseases by the copious and frequent use of pure water, both internally and externally.</def>

<h1>Hydroperitoneum</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*per`i*to*ne"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hydro-</er>, and <er>Peritoneum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Ascites</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydrophane</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dro*phane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + Gr. <?/ to show, appear: cf. F. <ets>hydrophane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A semitranslucent variety of opal that becomes translucent or transparent on immersion in water.</def>

<h1>Hydrophanous</h1>
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<hw>Hy*droph"a*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Made transparent by immersion in water.</def>

<h1>Hydrophid</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dro*phid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + Gr. <?/ a small serpent.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any sea snake of the genus <spn>Hydrophys</spn> and allied genera. These snakes are venomous, live upon fishes, and have a flattened tail for swimming.</def>

<h1>Hydrophlorone</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*phlo"rone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>phlorone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline benzene derivative, <chform>C8H10O2</chform>, obtained by the reduction of phlorone.</def>

<h1>Hydrophobia</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*pho"bi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ fear: cf. F. <ets>hydrophobie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An abnormal dread of water, said to be a symptom of canine madness; hence:</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The disease caused by a bite form, or inoculation with the saliva of, a rabid creature, of which the chief symptoms are, a sense of dryness and construction in the throat, causing difficulty in deglutition, and a marked heightening of reflex excitability, producing convulsions whenever the patient attempts to swallow, or is disturbed in any way, as by the sight or sound of water; rabies; canine madness.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hydrophoby</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hydrophobic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*phob"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hydrophobicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>hydrophobique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to hydrophobia; producing or caused by rabies; <as>as, <ex>hydrophobic</ex> symptoms; the <ex>hydrophobic</ex> poison.</as></def>

<h1>Hydrophoby</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dro*pho`by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hydrophobia</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydrophora</h1>
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<hw>Hy*droph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>hydra</ets> + Gr. <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Hydroidea.</def>

<h1>Hydrophore</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dro*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <def>An instrument used for the purpose of obtaining specimens of water from any desired depth, as in a river, a lake, or the ocean.</def>

<h1>Hydrophyllium</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*phyl"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Hydrophyllia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Hydrophylliums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <?/ a leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the flat, leaflike, protective zooids, covering other zooids of certain Siphonophora.</def>

<h1>Hydrophyte</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dro*phyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ plant: cf. F. <ets>hydrophyte</ets>.]</ety> <def>An aquatic plant; an alga.</def>

<h1>Hydrophytology</h1>
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<hw>Hy*droph`y*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets> + <ets>phyte</ets> + -<ets>logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The branch of botany which treats of water plants.</def>

<h1>Hydropic, Hydropical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy*drop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy*drop"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hydropicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>hydropique</ets>. See <er>Dropsy</er>.]</ety> <def>Dropsical, or resembling dropsy.</def>

<blockquote>Every lust is a kind of <b>hydropic</b> distemper, and the more we drink the more we shall thirst.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hydropically</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drop"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a hydropical manner.</def>

<h1>Hydropiper</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dro*pi`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + L. <ets>piper</ets> a pepper.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species (<spn>Polygonum Hydropiper</spn>) of knotweed with acrid foliage; water pepper; smartweed.</def>

<h1>Hydropneumatic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*pneu*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>pneumatic</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hydropneumatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or depending upon, both liquid and gaseous substances; <as>as, <ex>hydropneumatic</ex> apparatus for collecting gases over water or other liquids</as>.</def>

<h1>Hydropsy</h1>
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<hw>Hy"drop`sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Dropsy</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydropult</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dro*pult</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + Gr. <?/ to hurl.]</ety> <def>A machine for throwing water by hand power, as a garden engine, a fire extinguisher, etc.</def>

<h1>Hydroquinone</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*qui"none</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>quinone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline substance, <chform>C6H4(OH)2</chform>, obtained by the reduction of quinone. It is a diacid phenol, resembling, and metameric with, pyrocatechin and resorcin. Called also <altname>dihydroxy benzene</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hydrorhiza</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*rhi"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Hydrorhiz\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Hydrorhizas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>hydra</ets> + Gr. <?/ a root.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The rootstock or decumbent stem by which a hydroid is attached to other objects. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Hydroidea</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydrosalt</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dro*salt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>salt</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A salt supposed to be formed by a hydracid and a base.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An acid salt.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A hydrous salt; a salt combined with water of hydration or crystallization.</def>

<hr>
<page="718">
Page 718<p>

<h1>Hydroscope</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dro*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + -<ets>scope</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument designed to mark the presence of water, especially in air.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of water clock, used anciently for measuring time, the water tricking from an orifice at the end of a graduated tube.</def>

<h1>Hydrosome, Hydrosoma</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy"dro*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy`dro*so"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>hydrosoma</ets>. See <er>Hydra</er>, and <er>-some</er> body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>All the zooids of a hydroid colony collectively, including the nutritive and reproductive zooids, and often other kinds.</def>

<h1>Hydrosorbic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*sor"bic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>sorbic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from sorbic acid when this takes up hydrogen; <as>as, <ex>hydrosorbic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Hydrostat</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dro*stat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A contrivance or apparatus to prevent the explosion of steam boilers.</def>

<h1>Hydrostatic, Hydrostatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy`dro*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy`dro*stat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + Gr. <?/ causing to stand: cf. F. <ets>hydrostatique.</ets> See <er>Static</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to hydrostatics; pertaining to, or in accordance with, the principles of the equilibrium of fluids.</def>

<blockquote>The first discovery made in <b>hydrostatics</b> since the time of Archimedes is due to Stevinus.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Hydrostatic balance</col>, <cd>a balance for weighing substances in water, for the purpose of ascertaining their specific gravities.</cd> -- <col>Hydrostatic bed</col>, <cd>a water bed.</cd> -- <col>Hydrostatic bellows</col>, <cd>an apparatus consisting of a water-tight bellowslike case with a long, upright tube, into which water may be poured to illustrate the hydrostatic paradox.</cd> -- <col>Hydrostatic paradox</col>, <cd>the proposition in hydrostatics that any quantity of water, however small, may be made to counterbalance any weight, however great; or the law of the equality of pressure of fluids in all directions.</cd> -- <col>Hydrostatic press</col>, <cd>a machine in which great force, with slow motion, is communicated to a large plunger by means of water forced into the cylinder in which it moves, by a forcing pump of small diameter, to which the power is applied, the principle involved being the same as in the hydrostatic bellows. Also called <altname>hydraulic press</altname>, and <altname>Bramah press</altname>. In the illustration, <figref>a<figref> is a pump with a small plunger <figref>b<figref>, which forces the water into the cylinder <figref>c</figref>, thus driving upward the large plunder <figref>d</figref>, which performs the reduced work, such as compressing cotton bales, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hydrostatically</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*stat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to hydrostatics, or to hydrostatic principles.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Hydrostatician</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*sta*ti"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is versed or skilled in hydrostatics.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Hydrostatics</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*stat"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hydrostatique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The branch of science which relates to the pressure and equilibrium of nonelastic fluids, as water, mercury, etc.; the principles of statics applied to water and other liquids.</def>

<h1>Hydrosulphate</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*sul"phate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hydrosulphurent</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydrosulphide</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*sul"phide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of compounds, derived from hydrogen sulphide by the replacement of half its hydrogen by a base or basic radical; <as>as, potassium <ex>hydrosulphide</ex>, <chform>KSH</chform></as>. The hydrosulphides are analogous to the hydrates and include the mercaptans.</def>

<h1>Hydrosulphite</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*sul"phite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A saline compound of hydrosulphurous acid and a base.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Hydrosulphuret</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrosulphide.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Hydrosulphureted</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined with hydrogen sulphide.</def>

<h1>Hydrosulphuric</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*sul*phu"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>sulphuric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and sulphur; <as>as, <ex>hydrosulphuric</ex>acid, a designation applied to the solution of hydrogen sulphide in water</as>.</def>

<h1>Hydrosulphurous</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*sul"phur*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. See <cref>Hyposulphurous acid</cref>, under <er>Hyposulphurous</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydrotellurate</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*tel"lu*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt formed by the union of hydrotelluric acid and the base.</def>

<h1>Hydrotelluric</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*tel*lu"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>telluric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Formed by hydrogen and tellurium; <as>as, <ex>hydrotelluric</ex> acid, or hydrogen telluride</as>.</def>

<h1>Hydrotheca</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*the"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Hydrothec\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Hydrothecas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>hydra</ets> + Gr. <?/ a box.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the calicles which, in some Hydroidea (Thecaphora), protect the hydrants. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Hydroidea</er>, and <er>Campanularian</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydrotherapy</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*ther"a*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>therapy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hydropathy</er>.</def>

<h1>Hydrothermal</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*ther"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>thermal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to hot water; -- used esp. with reference to the action of heated waters in dissolving, redepositing, and otherwise producing mineral changes within the crust of the globe.</def>

<h1>Hydrothorax</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*tho"rax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + <ets>thorax</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An accumulation of serous fluid in the cavity of the chest.</def>

<h1>Hydrotic</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water: cf. Gr. <?/ moisture, F. <ets>hydrotique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing a discharge of water or phlegm.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A hydrotic medicine.</def></def2>

<h1>Hydrotical</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drot"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hydrotic.</def>

<h1>Hydrotrope</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dro*trope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 1 + Gr. <?/ to turn, direct.]</ety> <def>A device for raising water by the direct action of steam; a pulsometer.</def>

<h1>Hydrotropic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hydrotrope</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Turning or bending towards moisture, as roots.</def>

<h1>Hydrotropism</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drot"ro*pism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tendency towards moisture.</def>

<h1>Hydrous</h1>
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<hw>Hy"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Containing water; watery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Containing water of hydration or crystallization.</def>

<h1>Hydroxanthane</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*xan"thane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A persulphocyanate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hydroxanthic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*xan"thic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>xanthic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Persulphocyanic.</def>

<h1>Hydroxide</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drox"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>oxide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrate; a substance containing hydrogen and oxygen, made by combining water with an oxide, and yielding water by elimination. The hydroxides are regarded as compounds of hydroxyl, united usually with basic element or radical; <as>as, calcium <ex>hydroxide</ex> ethyl <ex>hydroxide</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Hydroxy-</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drox"y-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combining form, also used adjectively, indicating <i>hydroxyl</i> as an ingredient.</def>

<cs><col>Hydroxy acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an organic acid, having (besides the hydroxyl group of the carboxyl radical) an alcoholic hydroxyl group, and thus having the qualities of an alcohol in addition to its acid properties; as, lactic and tartaric acids are <i>hydroxy<i> acids.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hydroxyl</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drox"yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2 + <ets>ox</ets>ygen + -<ets>yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound radical, or unsaturated group, <chform>HO</chform>, consisting of one atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen. It is a characteristic part of the hydrates, the alcohols, the oxygen acids, etc.</def>

<h1>Hydroxylamine</h1>
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<hw>Hy*drox`yl*am"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydroxyl</ets> + <ets>amine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous, organic base, <chform>NH2.OH</chform>, resembling ammonia, and produced by a modified reduction of nitric acid. It is usually obtained as a volatile, unstable solution in water. It acts as a strong reducing agent.</def>

<h1>Hydrozoa</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*zo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>hydra</ets> + Gr. <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Acaleph\'91; one of the classes of c\'d2lenterates, including the Hydroidea, Discophora, and Siphonophora.</def>

<h1>Hydrozoal</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*zo"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Hydrozoa.</def>

<h1>Hydrozo\'94n</h1>
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<hw>Hy`dro*zo"\'94n</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Hydrozoa</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Hydrozo\'94ns</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Hydrozoa.</def>

<h1>Hydruret</h1>
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<hw>Hy"dru*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hydro-</ets>, 2]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A binary compound of hydrogen; a hydride.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hydrus</h1>
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<hw>Hy"drus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a water serpent; also, a certain constellation, Gr. <grk>"y`dros</grk>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A constellation of the southern hemisphere, near the south pole.</def>

<h1>Hye</h1>
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<hw>Hye</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Hie</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hyemal</h1>
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<hw>Hy*e"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hyemalis</ets>, or better <ets>hiemalis</ets>, fr. <ets>hyems</ets>, <ets>hiems</ets>, winter: cf. F. <ets>hy\'82mal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to winter; done in winter.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Hyemate</h1>
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<hw>Hy"e*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hiemare</ets>, <ets>hiematum</ets>. See <er>Hyemal</er>.]</ety> <def>To pass the winter.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<h1>Hyemation</h1>
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<hw>Hy`e*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hiematio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The passing of a winter in a particular place; a wintering.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of affording shelter in winter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hyen</h1>
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<hw>Hy"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hy\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hyena.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hyena</h1>
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<hw>Hy*e"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hyenas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>hyaena</ets>, Gr. <?/, orig., a sow, but usually, a Libyan wild beast, prob., the hyena, fr. <?/ hog: cf. F. <ets>hy\'8ane</ets>. See <er>Sow</er> female hog.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any carnivorous mammal of the family <spn>Hy\'91nid\'91</spn>, of which three living species are known. They are large and strong, but cowardly. They feed chiefly on carrion, and are nocturnal in their habits.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hy\'91na</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; The striped hyena (<spn>Hy\'91na striata</spn>) inhabits Southern Asia and a large part of Africa. The brown hyena (<spn>H. brunnea</spn>), and the spotted hyena (<spn>Crocuta maculata</spn>), are found in Southern Africa. The extinct cave hyena (<spn>H. spel\'91a</spn>) inhabited England and France.</note>

<cs><col>Cave hyena</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cave</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hyena dog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a South African canine animal (<spn>Lycaon venaticus</spn>), which hunts in packs, chiefly at night. It is smaller than the common wolf, with very large, erect ears, and a bushy tail. Its color is reddish or yellowish brown, blotched with black and white. Called also <altname>hunting dog</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hyetal</h1>
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<hw>Hy"e*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ rain, from <?/ to rain.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to rain; descriptive of the distribution of rain, or of rainy regions.</def>

<h1>Hyetograph</h1>
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<hw>Hy"e*to*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ rain + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chart or graphic representation of the average distribution of rain over the surface of the earth.</def>

<h1>Hyetographic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`e*to*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to to hyetography.</def>

<h1>Hyetography</h1>
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<hw>Hy`e*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The branch of physical science which treats of the geographical distribution of rain.</def>

<h1>Hygeia</h1>
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<hw>Hy*ge"ia</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Hygea</ets>, <ets>Hygia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, health, <?/, Hygeia, fr. <?/ sound, healthy.]</ety> <fld>(Classic Myth.)</fld> <def>The goddess of health, daughter of Esculapius.</def>

<h1>Hygeian</h1>
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<hw>Hy*ge"ian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to Hygeia, the goddess of health; of or pertaining to health, or its preservation.</def>

<h1>Hygeist</h1>
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<hw>Hy"ge*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in hygiena; a hygienist.</def>

<h1>Hygieist</h1>
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<hw>Hy"gie*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hygienist.</def>

<h1>Hygiene</h1>
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<hw>Hy"gi*ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hygi\'8ane</ets>. See <er>Hygeia</er>.]</ety> <def>That department of sanitary science which treats of the preservation of health, esp. of households and communities; a system of principles or rules designated for the promotion of health.</def>

<h1>Hygienic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`gi*en"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hygi\'82nique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to health or hygiene; sanitary.</def>

<h1>Hygienics</h1>
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<hw>Hy`gi*en"ics</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of health; hygiene.</def>

<h1>Hygienism</h1>
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<hw>Hy"gi*en*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hygiene.</def>

<h1>Hygienist</h1>
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<hw>Hy"gi*en*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in hygiene.</def>

<h1>Hygiology</h1>
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<hw>Hy`gi*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ health + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on, or the science of, the preservation of health.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Hygrine</h1>
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<hw>Hy"grine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ moist.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid associated with cocaine in coca leaves (<spn>Erythroxylon coca</spn>), and extracted as a thick, yellow oil, having a pungent taste and odor.</def>

<h1>Hygrodeik</h1>
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<hw>Hy"gro*deik</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wet, moist, and <?/ to show.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A form of hygrometer having wet and dry bulb thermometers, with an adjustable index showing directly the percentage of moisture in the air, etc.</def>

<h1>Hygrograph</h1>
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<hw>Hy"gro*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wet + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for recording automatically the variations of the humidity of the atmosphere.</def>

<h1>Hygrology</h1>
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<hw>Hy*grol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wet + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hygrologie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The science which treats of the fluids of the body.</def>

<h1>Hygrometer</h1>
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<hw>Hy*grom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wet, moist + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hygrom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the degree of moisture of the atmosphere.</def>

<cs><col>Daniell's hygrometer</col>, <cd>a form of hygrometer consisting of a bent glass tube terminating in two bulbs, the one covered with muslin, the other of black glass, and containing ether and a thermometer. Ether being poured on the muslin, the black ball, cooled by the evaporation of the ether within, is soon covered with dew; at this moment, the inclosed thermometer gives the dew-point, and this, compared with the reading of one in the air, determines the humidity.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hygrometric, Hygrometrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy`gro*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy`gro*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hygrom\'82trique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to hygrometry; made with, or according to, the hygrometer; <as>as, <ex>hygrometric</ex> observations</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Readily absorbing and retaining moisture; <as>as, <ex>hygrometric</ex> substances, like potash</as>.</def>

<h1>Hygrometry</h1>
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<hw>Hy*grom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hygrom\'82trie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That branch of physics which relates to the determination of the humidity of bodies, particularly of the atmosphere, with the theory and use of the instruments constructed for this purpose.</def>

<h1>Hygrophanous</h1>
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<hw>Hy*groph"a*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wet + <?/ to show.]</ety> <def>Having such a structure as to be diaphanous when moist, and opaque when dry.</def>

<h1>Hygrophthalmic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`groph*thal"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wet + E. <ets>ophthalmic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Serving to moisten the eye; -- sometimes applied to the lachrymal ducts.</def>

<h1>Hygroplasm</h1>
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<hw>Hy"gro*plasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wet + <?/ form, mold.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The fluid portion of the cell protoplasm, in opposition to <i>stereoplasm</i>, the solid or insoluble portion. The latter is supposed to be partly nutritive and partly composed of idioplasm.</def>

<h1>Hygroscope</h1>
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<hw>Hy"gro*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wet + <ets>-scope</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hygroscope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument which shows whether there is more or less moisture in the atmosphere, without indicating its amount.</def>

<h1>Hygroscopic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`gro*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hygroscopique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to, or indicated by, the hygroscope; not readily manifest to the senses, but capable of detection by the hygroscope; <as>as, glass is often covered with a film of <ex>hygroscopic</ex> moisture</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the property of readily inbibing moisture from the atmosphere, or of the becoming coated with a thin film of moisture, as glass, etc.</def>

<h1>Hygroscopicity</h1>
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<hw>Hy`gro*sco*pic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The property possessed by vegetable tissues of absorbing or discharging moisture according to circumstances.</def>

<h1>Hygrostatics</h1>
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<hw>Hy`gro*stat"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wet + <?/. See <er>Statics</er>.]</ety> <def>The science or art of comparing or measuring degrees of moisture.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Hyke</h1>
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<hw>Hyke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Haik</er>, and <er>Huke</er>.</def>

<h1>Hyl\'91osaur, Hyl\'91osaurus</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy"l\'91*o*saur`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy`l\'91*o*sau"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>hylaeosaurus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ belonging to a forest (fr. <?/ wood) + <?/ a lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A large Wealden dinosaur from the Tilgate Forest, England. It was about twenty feet long, protected by bony plates in the skin, and armed with spines.</def>

<h1>Hylarchical</h1>
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<hw>Hy*lar"chi*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wood, matter + <?/: cf. F. <ets>hylarchique</ets>. See <er>Archical</er>.]</ety> <def>Presiding over matter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hallywell.</i>

<h1>Hyleosaur</h1>
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<hw>Hy"le*o*saur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hyl\'91osaur</er>.</def>

<h1>Hylic</h1>
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<hw>Hyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to matter; material; corporeal; <as>as, <ex>hylic</ex> influences</as>.</def>

<h1>Hylicist</h1>
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<hw>Hy"li*cist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ adj., material, fr. <?/ wood, matter.]</ety> <def>A philosopher who treats chiefly of matter; one who adopts or teaches hylism.</def>

<hr>
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<h1>Hylism</h1>
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<hw>Hy"lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wood, matter.]</ety> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>A theory which regards matter as the original principle of evil.</def>

<h1>Hylobate</h1>
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<hw>Hy"lo*bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ one that walks or inhabits the woods: <?/ a wood + <?/ to go.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of the genus <spn>Hylobates</spn>; a gibbon, or long-armed ape. See <er>Gibbon</er>.</def>

<h1>Hylodes</h1>
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<hw>Hy*lo"des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ woody, wooded, muddy; <?/ a wood + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The piping frog (<spn>Hyla Pickeringii</spn>), a small American tree frog, which in early spring, while breeding in swamps and ditches, sings with high, shrill, but musical, notes.</def>

<h1>Hyloism</h1>
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<hw>Hy"lo*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hylotheism</er>.</def>

<h1>Hyloist</h1>
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<hw>Hy"lo*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wood, matter.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Hylotheist</er>.</def>

<h1>Hylopathism</h1>
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<hw>Hy*lop"a*thism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ matter + <?/, <?/, to suffer.]</ety> <def>The doctrine that matter is sentient.</def>

<i>Krauth-Fleming.</i>

<h1>Hylopathist</h1>
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<hw>Hy*lop"a*thist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes in hylopathism.</def>

<h1>Hylophagous</h1>
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<hw>Hy*loph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wood + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Eating green shoots, as certain insects do.</def>

<h1>Hylotheism</h1>
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<hw>Hy"lo*the*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wood, matter + <?/ God.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of belief that matter is God, or that there is no God except matter and the universe; pantheism. See <er>Materialism</er>.</def>

<h1>Hylotheist</h1>
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<hw>Hy"lo*the*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes in hylotheism.</def>

<h1>Hylozoic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`lo*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to hylozoism.</def>

<h1>Hylozoism</h1>
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<hw>Hy`lo*zo"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wood, matter + <?/ life, fr. <?/ to live: cf. F. <ets>hylozo\'8bsme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine that matter possesses a species of life and sensation, or that matter and life are inseparable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Hylozoist</h1>
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<hw>Hy`lo*zo"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A believer in hylozoism.</def>

<i>A. Tucker.</i>

<h1>Hymar</h1>
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<hw>Hy*mar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wild ass of Persia.</def>

<h1>Hymen</h1>
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<hw>Hy"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ skin, membrane.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A fold of muscous membrane often found at the orifice of the vagina; the vaginal membrane.</def>

<h1>Hymen</h1>
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<hw>Hy"men</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class Myth.)</fld> <def>A fabulous deity; according to some, the son of Apollo and Urania, according to others, of Bacchus and Venus. He was the god of marriage, and presided over nuptial solemnities.</def>

<blockquote>Till <b>Hymen</b> brought his love-delighted hour,
There dwelt no joy in Eden's rosy bower.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Marriage; union as if by marriage.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hymen</b> of element and race.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hymeneal, Hymenean</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy`me*ne"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy`me*ne"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hymeneius</ets>, <tt>a.</tt>, also <ets>Hymenaeus</ets>, <tt>n.</tt>, Hymen, Gr. <?/ the wedding song, also <?/ Hymen: cf. F. <ets>hym\'82n\'82al</ets>, <ets>hym\'82n\'82en</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to marriage; <as>as, <ex>hymeneal</ex> rites</as>.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Hymeneal, Hymenean</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy`me*ne"al</hw>, <hw>Hy`me*ne"an</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A marriage song.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Hymenium</h1>
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<hw>Hy*me"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Hymenia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Hymeniums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a membrane.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The spore-bearing surface of certain fungi, as that on the gills of a mushroom.</def>

<h1>Hymenogeny</h1>
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<hw>Hy`me*nog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a membrane + root of <?/ to be born.]</ety> <def>The production of artificial membranes by contact of two fluids, as albumin and fat, by which the globules of the latter are surrounded by a thin film of the former.</def>

<h1>Hymenomycetes</h1>
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<hw>Hy`me*no*my*ce"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a membrane + <?/, <?/, a mushroom.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the great divisions of fungi, containing those species in which the hymenium is completely exposed.</def>

<i>M. J. Berkley.</i>

<h1>Hymenophore</h1>
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<hw>Hy*men"o*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a membrane + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>That part of a fungus which is covered with the hymenium.</def>

<h1>Hymenopter</h1>
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<hw>Hy`me*nop"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hym\'82nopt\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Hymenoptera.</def>

<h1>Hymenoptera</h1>
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<hw>Hy`me*nop"te*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ membrane-winged; <?/ skin, membrane + <?/ wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive order of insects, including the bees, ants, ichneumons, sawflies, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; They have four membranous wings, with few reticulations, and usually with a thickened, dark spot on the front edge of the anterior wings. In most of the species, the tongue, or lingua, is converted into an organ for sucking honey, or other liquid food, and the mandibles are adapted for biting or cutting. In one large division (<spn>Aculeata</spn>), including the bees, wasps, and ants, the females and workers usually have a sting, which is only a modified ovipositor.</note>

<h1>Hymenopteral, Hymenopterous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy`me*nop"ter*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy`me*nop"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or characteristic of, the Hymenoptera; pertaining to the Hymenoptera.</def>

<h1>Hymenopteran</h1>
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<hw>Hy`me*nop"ter*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Hymenoptera.</def>

<h1>Hymn</h1>
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<hw>Hymn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hympne</ets>, <ets>ympne</ets>, F. <ets>hymne</ets>, OF. also <ets>ymne</ets>, L. <ets>hymnus</ets>, Gr. <?/; perh. akin to <?/ web, <?/ to weave, and so to E. <ets>weave</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ode or song of praise or adoration; especially, a religious ode, a sacred lyric; a song of praise or thankgiving intended to be used in religious service; <as>as, the Homeric <ex>hymns</ex>; Watts' <ex>hymns</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Admonishing one another in psalms and <b>hymns</b>.
<i>Col. iii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where angels first should practice <b>hymns</b>, and string
Their tuneful harps.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Hymn book</col>, <cd>a book containing a collection of hymns, as for use in churches; a hymnal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hymn</h1>
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<hw>Hymn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hymned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hymning</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>hymnire</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To praise in song; to worship or extol by singing hymns; to sing.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>hymn</b> the bright of the Lord.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their praise is <b>hymned</b> by loftier harps than mine.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hymn</h1>
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<hw>Hymn</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sing in praise or adoration.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Hymnal</h1>
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<hw>Hym"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A collection of hymns; a hymn book.</def>

<h1>Hymnic</h1>
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<hw>Hym"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hymnique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to hymns, or sacred lyrics.</def>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Hymning</h1>
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<hw>Hymn"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Praising with hymns; singing.</def> "The <i>hymning</i> choir."

<i>G. West.</i>

<h1>Hymning</h1>
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<hw>Hymn"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The singing of hymns.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Hymnist</h1>
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<hw>Hym"nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of hymns.</def>

<h1>Hymnody</h1>
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<hw>Hym"no*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ a hymn + <?/ a song, a singing.]</ety> <def>Hymns, considered collectively; hymnology.</def>

<h1>Hymnographer</h1>
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<hw>Hym*nog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who writes on the subject of hymns.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A writer or composed of hymns.</def>

<h1>Hymnography</h1>
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<hw>Hym*nog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hymn + <ets>graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or act of composing hymns.</def>

<h1>Hymnologist</h1>
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<hw>Hym*nol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A composer or compiler of hymns; one versed in hymnology.</def>

<i>Busby.</i>

<h1>Hymnology</h1>
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<hw>Hym*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hymn + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hymnologie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The hymns or sacred lyrics composed by authors of a particular country or period; <as>as, the <ex>hymnology</ex> of the eighteenth century</as>; also, the collective body of hymns used by any particular church or religious body; <as>as, the Anglican <ex>hymnology</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A knowledge of hymns; a treatise on hymns.</def>

<h1>Hympne</h1>
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<hw>Hymp"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hymn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hyndreste</h1>
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<hw>Hynd"reste</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Hinderest</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hyne</h1>
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<hw>Hyne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A servant. See <er>Hine</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Hyo-</h1>
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<hw>Hy"o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Hyod</er>.]</ety> <def>A prexif used in anatomy, and generally denoting <i>connection with the hyoid bone</i> or <i>arch</i>; <as>as, <ex>hyo</ex>glossal, <ex>hyo</ex>mandibular, <ex>hyo</ex>mental, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Hyoganoidei</h1>
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<hw>Hy`o*ga*noi"de*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hyo-</er>, and <er>Canoidei</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of ganoid fishes, including the gar pikes and bowfins.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hy`o*ga"noid</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hyoglossal</h1>
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<hw>Hy`o*glos"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hyo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Pertaining to or connecting the tongue and hyodean arch; <as>as, the <ex>hyoglossal</ex> membrane</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the hyoglossus muscle.</def>

<h1>Hyoglossus</h1>
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<hw>Hy`o*glos"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>hyo-</ets> hyo-</ets> + <ets>Gr. <?/ tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A flat muscle on either side of the tongue, connecting it with the hyoid bone.</def>

<h1>Hyoid</h1>
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<hw>Hy"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fr. the letter <?/ + <?/ form: cf. F. <ets>hyo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the form of an arch, or of the Greek letter upsilon [<UPSILON/].</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the bony or cartilaginous arch which supports the tongue. Sometimes applied to the tongue itself.</def>

<cs><col>Hyoid arch</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the arch of cartilaginous or bony segments, which connects the base of the tongue with either side of the skull.</cd> -- <col>Hyoid bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the bone in the base of the tongue, the middle part of the hyoid arch.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hyoid</h1>
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<hw>Hy"oid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The hyoid bone.</def>

<h1>Hyoideal, Hyoidean</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy*oid"e*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy*oid"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hyoid</er>, <it>a.</it></def>

<h1>Hyomandibular</h1>
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<hw>Hy`o*man*dib"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hyo-</ets> + <ets>mandibular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining both to the hyoidean arch and the mandible or lower jaw; <as>as, the <ex>hyomandibular</ex> bone or cartilage, a segment of the hyoid arch which connects the lower jaw with the skull in fishes</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The hyomandibular bone or cartilage.</def></def2>

<h1>Hyomental</h1>
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<hw>Hy`o*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hyo-</ets> + <ets>mental</ets> of the chin.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the hyoid bone and the lower jaw, pertaining to them; suprahyoid; submaxillary; <as>as, the <ex>hyomental</ex> region of the front of the neck</as>.</def>

<h1>Hyopastron</h1>
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<hw>Hy`o*pas"tron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hyo-</ets> + <ets>plastron</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The second lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called also <altname>hyosternum</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hyoscine</h1>
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<hw>Hy*os"cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hyoscyamus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid found with hyoscyamine (with which it is also isomeric) in henbane, and extracted as a white, amorphous, semisolid substance.</def>

<h1>Hyoscyamine</h1>
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<hw>Hy`os*cy"a*mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hyoscyamus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid found in henbane (<spn>Hyoscyamus niger</spn>), and regarded as its active principle. It is also found with other alkaloids in the thorn apple and deadly nightshade. It is extracted as a white crystalline substance, with a sharp, offensive taste. <ex>Hyoscyamine</ex> is isomeric with atropine, is very poisonous, and is used as a medicine for neuralgia, like belladonna. Called also <altname>hyoscyamia</altname>, <altname>duboisine</altname>, etc.</def>

<h1>Hyoscyamus</h1>
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<hw>Hy`os*cy"a*mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ a sow, hog + <?/ a bean.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of poisonous plants of the Nightshade family; henbane.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The leaves of the black henbane (<spn>Hyoscyamus niger</spn>), used in neuralgic and pectorial troubles.</def>

<h1>Hyosternal</h1>
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<hw>Hy`o*ster"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hyo-</ets> + <ets>ternal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Between the hyoid bone and the sternum, or pertaining to them; infrahyoid; <as>as, the <ex>hyosternal</ex> region of the neck</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to the hyosternum of turtles.</def>

<h1>Hyosternum</h1>
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<hw>Hy`o*ster"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hyo-</ets> + <ets>sternum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hyoplastron</er>.</def>

<h1>Hyostylic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`o*styl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hyo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a pillar.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the mandible suspended by the hyomandibular, or upper part of the hyoid arch, as in fishes, instead of directly articulated with the skull as in mammals; -- said of the skull.</def>

<h1>Hyp</h1>
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<hw>Hyp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An abbreviation of <i>hypochonaria</i>; -- usually in plural.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Heaven send thou hast not got the <b>hyps</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hyp</h1>
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<hw>Hyp</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make melancholy.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<h1>Hyp\'91thral, Hypethral</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy*p\'91"thral</hw>, <hw>Hy*pe"thral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hypaethrus</ets> in the open air, uncovered, Gr. <?/; <?/ under + <?/ ether, the clear sky.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Exposed to the air; wanting a roof; -- applied to a building or part of a building.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Hypallage</h1>
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<hw>Hy*pal"la*ge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, prop., interchange, exchange, fr, <?/ to interchange; <?/ under + <?/ to change.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A figure consisting of a transference of attributes from their proper subjects to other. Thus Virgil says, "<i>dare classibus austros</i>," to give the winds to the fleets, instead of <i>dare classibus austris</i>, to give the fleets to the winds.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>hypallage</b>, of which Virgil is fonder than any other writer, is much the gravest fault in language.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hypanthium</h1>
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<hw>Hy*pan"thi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Hypanthia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Hypanthiums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ beneath + <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fruit consisting in large part of a receptacle, enlarged below the calyx, as in the <spn>alycanthus</spn>, the rose hip, and the pear.</def>

<h1>Hypapophysis</h1>
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<hw>Hy`pa*poph"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hypapophyles</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Hypo-</er>, and <er>Apophysis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A process, or other element, of a vertebra developed from the ventral side of the centrum, as h\'91mal spines, and chevron bones.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hy`pa*po*phys"i*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hyparterial</h1>
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<hw>Hy`par*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hypo-</ets> + <ets>arterial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated below an artery; applied esp. to the branches of the bronchi given off below the point where the pulmonary artery crosses the bronchus.</def>

<h1>Hypaspist</h1>
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<hw>Hy*pas"pist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A shield-bearer or armor-bearer.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Hypaxial</h1>
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<hw>Hy*pax"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hypo-</ets> + <ets>axial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Beneath the axis of the skeleton; subvertebral; hyposkeletal.</def>

<h1>Hyper-</h1>
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<hw>Hy"per-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ over, above; akin to L. <ets>super</ets>, E. <ets>over</ets>. See <er>Over</er>, and cf. <er>Super-</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A prefix signifying <i>over</i>, <i>above</i>; <as>as, <ex>hyper</ex>physical, <ex>hyper</ex>thyrion</as>; also, <i>above measure</i>, <i>abnormally great</i>, <i>excessive</i>; <as>as, <ex>hyper</ex>\'91mia, <ex>hyper</ex>bola, <ex>hyper</ex>critical, <ex>hyper</ex>secretion</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A prefix equivalent to <i>super-</i> or <i>per-</i>; as <i>hyper</i>oxide, or <i>per</i>oxide. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Per-</er>.</def>

<h1>Hyper\'91mia</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*\'91"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/ blood.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A superabundance or congestion of blood in an organ or part of the body.</def>

<cs><col>Active hyper\'91mia</col>, <cd>cognestion d%ue to increased flow of blood to a part.</cd> -- <col>Passive hyper\'91mia</col>, <cd>interchange due to obstruction in the return of blood from a part.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Hy`per*\'91"mic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hyper\'91sthesia</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*\'91s*the"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/ sense, perception.]</ety> <fld>(Med. & Physiol.)</fld> <def>A state of exalted or morbidly increased sensibility of the body, or of a part of it.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hy`per*\'91s*thet"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hyperapophysis</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*a*poph"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hyperapophyses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Hyper-</er>, and <er>Apophysis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A lateral and backward-projecting process on the dorsal side of a vertebra.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hy`per*ap`o*phys"i*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hyperaspist</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*as"pist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to cover with a shield; <?/ over + <?/ shield.]</ety> <def>One who holds a shield over another; hence, a defender.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chillingworth.</i>

<h1>Hyperbatic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*bat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an hyperbaton; transposed; inverted.</def>

<h1>Hyperbaton</h1>
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<hw>Hy*per"ba*ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ transposed, fr. <?/ to step over; <?/ over + <?/ to step.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A figurative construction, changing or inverting the natural order of words or clauses; <as>as, "echoed the hills" for "the hills echoed</as>."</def>

<blockquote>With a violent <b>hyperbaton</b> to transpose the text.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hyperbola</h1>
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<hw>Hy*per"bo*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, prop., an overshooting, excess, <it>i. e.</it>, of the angle which the cutting plane makes with the base. See <er>Hyperbole</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve formed by a section of a cone, when the cutting plane makes a greater angle with the base than the side of the cone makes. It is a plane curve such that the difference of the distances from any point of it to two fixed points, called <i>foci</i>, is equal to a given distance. See <er>Focus</er>. If the cutting plane be produced so as to cut the opposite cone, another curve will be formed, which is also an hyperbola. Both curves are regarded as branches of the same hyperbola. See <i>Illust</i>. of <i>Conic section</i>, and <er>Focus</er>.</def>

<h1>Hyperbole</h1>
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<hw>Hy*per"bo*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr<?/, prop., an overshooting, excess, fr. Gr. <?/ to throw over or beyond; <?/ over + <?/ to throw. See <er>Hyper-</er>, <er>Parable</er>, and cf. <er>Hyperbola</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech in which the expression is an evident exaggeration of the meaning intended to be conveyed, or by which things are represented as much greater or less, better or worse, than they really are; a statement exaggerated fancifully, through excitement, or for effect.</def>

<blockquote>Our common forms of compliment are almost all of them extravagant <b>hyperboles</b>.
<i>Blair.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Somebody has said of the boldest figure in rhetoric, the <b>hyperbole</b>, that it lies without deceiving.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hyperbolic, Hyperbolical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy`per*bol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy`per*bol"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hyperbolicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>hyperbolique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the hyperbola; having the nature of the hyperbola.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Relating to, containing, or of the nature of, hyperbole; exaggerating or diminishing beyond the fact; exceeding the truth; <as>as, an <ex>hyperbolical</ex> expression</as>.</def> "This <i>hyperbolical</i> epitaph."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<cs><col>Hyperbolic functions</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>certain functions which have relations to the hyperbola corresponding to those which sines, cosines, tangents, etc., have to the circle; and hence, called <stype>hyperbolic sines</stype>, <stype>hyperbolic cosines</stype>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Hyperbolic logarithm</col>. <cd>See <er>Logarithm</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hyperbolic spiral</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a spiral curve, the law of which is, that the distance from the pole to the generating point varies inversely as the angle swept over by the radius vector.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="720">
Page 720<p>

<h1>Hyperbolically</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*bol"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>In the form of an hyperbola.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>With exaggeration; in a manner to express more or less than the truth.</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Hyperboliform</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*bol"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hyperbola</ets> + -<ets>form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form, or nearly the form, of an hyperbola.</def>

<h1>Hyperbolism</h1>
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<hw>Hy*per"bo*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hyperbolisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The use of hyperbole.</def>

<i>Jefferson.</i>

<h1>Hyperbolist</h1>
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<hw>Hy*per"bo*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who uses hyperboles.</def>

<h1>Hyperbolize</h1>
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<hw>Hy*per"bo*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hyperbolized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hyperbolizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hyperboliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To speak or write with exaggeration.</def>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Hyperbolize</h1>
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<hw>Hy*per"bo*lize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To state or represent hyperbolically.</def>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Hyperboloid</h1>
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<hw>Hy*per"bo*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hyperbola</ets> + -<ets>oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hyperbolo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A surface of the second order, which is cut by certain planes in hyperbolas; also, the solid, bounded in part by such a surface.</def>

<cs><col>Hyperboloid of revolution</col>, <cd>an hyperboloid described by an hyperbola revolving about one of its axes. The surface has two separate sheets when the axis of revolution is the transverse axis, but only one when the axis of revolution is the conjugate axis of the hyperbola.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hyperboloid</h1>
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<hw>Hy*per"bo*loid</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Having some property that belongs to an hyperboloid or hyperbola.</def>

<h1>Hyperborean</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*bo"re*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hyperboreus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ over, beyond + <?/. See <er>Boreas</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Greek Myth.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the region beyond the North wind, or to its inhabitants.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Northern; belonging to, or inhabiting, a region in very far north; most northern; hence, very cold; fright, <as>as, a <ex>hyperborean</ex> coast or atmosphere</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>hyperborean</b> or frozen sea.
<i>C. Butler (1633).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hyperborean</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*bo"re*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Greek Myth.)</fld> <def>One of the people who lived beyond the North wind, in a land of perpetual sunshine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inhabitant of the most northern regions.</def>

<h1>Hypercarbureted</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*car"bu*ret`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having an excessive proportion of carbonic acid; -- said of bicarbonates or acid carbonates.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hypercarburetted</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hypercatalectic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*cat`a*lec"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hypercatalecticus</ets>, <ets>hypercatalectus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>hypercatalectique</ets>. See <er>Hyper-</er>, and <er>Catalectic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Having a syllable or two beyond measure; <as>as, a <ex>hypercatalectic</ex> verse</as>.</def>

<h1>Hyperchloric</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*chlo"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Perchloric</er>.</def>

<h1>Hyperchromatism</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*chro"ma*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of having an unusual intensity of color.</def>

<h1>Hypercritic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*crit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hyper-</ets> + <ets>critic</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hypercritique</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who is critical beyond measure or reason; a carping critic; a captious censor.</def> "<i>Hypercritics</i> in English poetry."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Hypercritic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*crit"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hypercritical.</def>

<h1>Hypercritical</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*crit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Over critical; unreasonably or unjustly critical; carping; captious.</def> "<i>Hypercritical</i> readers."

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Excessively nice or exact.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Hypercritically</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*crit"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a hypercritical manner.</def>

<h1>Hypercriticise</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*crit"i*cise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To criticise with unjust severity; to criticise captiously.</def>

<h1>Hypercriticism</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*crit"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excessive criticism, or unjust severity or rigor of criticism; zoilism.</def>

<h1>Hyperdicrotic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*di*crot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Excessive dicrotic; <as>as, a <ex>hyperdicrotic</ex> pulse</as>.</def>

<h1>Hyperdicrotism</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*di"cro*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A hyperdicrotic condition.</def>

<h1>Hyperdicrotous</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*di"cro*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Hyperdicrotic.</def>

<h1>Hyperdulia</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*du*li"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hyper-</ets> + <ets>dulia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hyperdulie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>Veneration or worship given to the Virgin Mary as the most exalted of mere creatures; higher veneration than dulia.</def>

<i>Addis & Arnold.</i>

<h1>Hyperduly</h1>
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<hw>Hy"per*du`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hyperdulia.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hyperesthesia</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*es*the"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hyper\'91sthesia</er>.</def>

<h1>Hypericum</h1>
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<hw>Hy*per"i*cum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ under, among + <?/, <?/, heath, heather.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, generally with dotted leaves and yellow flowers; -- called also <altname>St. John's-wort</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hyperinosis</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*i*no"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/, <?/, strength, fiber.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition of the blood, characterized by an abnormally large amount of fibrin, as in many inflammatory diseases.</def>

<h1>Hyperion</h1>
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<hw>Hy*pe"ri*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Class Myth.)</fld> <def>The god of the sun; in the later mythology identified with Apollo, and distinguished for his beauty.</def>

<blockquote>So excellent a king; that was, to this,
<b>Hyperion</b> to a satyr.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hyperkinesis</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*ki*ne"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/ motion.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Abnormally increased muscular movement; spasm.</def>

<h1>Hyperkinetic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*ki*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to hyperkinesis.</def>

<h1>Hypermetamorphosis</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*met`a*mor"pho*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hyper-</ets> + <ets>metamorphosis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of metamorphosis, in certain insects, in which the larva itself undergoes remarkable changes of form and structure during its growth.</def>

<h1>Hypermeter</h1>
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<hw>Hy*per"me*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ beyond all measure; <?/ over, beyond + <?/ measure: cf. F. <ets>hyperm\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A verse which has a redundant syllable or foot; a hypercatalectic verse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, anything exceeding the ordinary standard.</def>

<blockquote>When a man rises beyond six foot, he is an <b>hypermeter</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hypermetrical</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a redundant syllable; exceeding the common measure.</def>

<cs><col>Hypermetrical verse</col> <fld>(Gr. & Lat. Pros.)</fld>, <cd>a verse which contains a syllable more than the ordinary measure.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hypermetropia, Hypermetropy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy`per*me*tro"pi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy`per*met"ro*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>hypermetropia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ excessive + <?/, <?/, the eye. See <er>Hypermeter</er>.]</ety> <def>A condition of the eye in which, through shortness of the eyeball or fault of the refractive media, the rays of light come to a focus behind the retina; farsightedness; -- called also <altname>hyperopia</altname>. Cf. <er>Emmetropia</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; In <i>hypermetropia</i>, vision for distant objects, although not better absolutely, is better than that for near objects, and hence, the individual is said to be farsighted. It is corrected by the use of convex glasses.</note>

-- <wordforms><wf>Hy`per*me*trop"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hypermyriorama</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*myr`i*o*ra"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ beyond + <?/ countless + <?/ view.]</ety> <def>A show or exhibition having a great number of scenes or views.</def>

<h1>Hyperoartia</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*o*ar"ti*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of marsipobranchs including the lampreys. The suckerlike moth contains numerous teeth; the nasal opening is in the middle of the head above, but it does not connect with the mouth. See <er>Cyclostoma</er>, and <er>Lamprey</er>.</def>

<h1>Hyperopia</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*o"pi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/, <?/, the eye.]</ety> <def>Hypermetropia.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hy`per*op"tic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hyperorganic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*or*gan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hyper-</ets> + <ets>organic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Higher than, or beyond the sphere of, the organic.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Hyperorthodoxy</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*or"tho*dox`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Orthodoxy pushed to excess.</def>

<h1>Hyperotreta</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*o*tre"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the plate + <?/ perforated.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of marsipobranchs, including the Myxine or hagfish and the genus <spn>Bdellostoma</spn>. They have barbels around the mouth, one tooth on the plate, and a communication between tionnasal aperture and the throat. See <er>Hagfish</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Hyperotreti</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hyperoxide</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*ox"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound having a relatively large percentage of oxygen; a peroxide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hyperoxygenated, Hyperoxygenized</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy`per*ox"y*gen*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy`per*ox"y*gen*ized</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined with a relatively large amount of oxygen; -- said of higher oxides.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hyperoxymuriate</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*ox`y*mu"ri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A perchlorate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hyperoxymuriatic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*ox`y*mu`ri*at"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Perchloric; <as>as, <ex>hyperoxymuriatic</ex> acid</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Hyperphysical</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*phys"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Above or transcending physical laws; supernatural.</def>

<blockquote>Those who do not fly to some <b>hyperphysical</b> hypothesis.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hyperplasia</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*pla"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/ conformation, fr. <?/ to mold.]</ety> <fld>(Med. & Biol.)</fld> <def>An increase in, or excessive growth of, the normal elements of any part.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Hyperplasia</i> relates to the formation of new elements, <i>hypertrophy</i> being an increase in bulk of preexisting normal elements.</note>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Hyperplastic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to hyperplasia.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Tending to excess of formative action.</def>

<h1>Hypern\'d2a</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*n\'d2"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ over + <?/, <?/, breath.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Abnormal breathing, due to slightly deficient arterialization of the blood; -- in distinction from <i>eupn\'d2a</i>. See <er>Eupn\'d2a</er>, and <er>Dispn\'d2a</er>.</def>

<h1>Hyperpyrexia</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*py*rex"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hyper-</er>, and <er>Pyrexia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition of excessive fever; an elevation of temperature in a disease, in excess of the limit usually observed in that disease.</def>

<h1>Hypersecretion</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*se*cre"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Morbid or excessive secretion, as in catarrh.</def>

<h1>Hypersensibility</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*sen`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hyper\'91sthesia</er>.</def>

<h1>Hyperspace</h1>
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<hw>Hy"per*space</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hyper-</ets> + <ets>space</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>An imagined space having more than three dimensions.</def>

<h1>Hypersthene</h1>
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<hw>Hy"per*sthene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ over + <?/ strength: cf. F. <ets>hyperst\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An orthorhombic mineral of the pyroxene group, of a grayish or greenish black color, often with a peculiar bronzelike luster (schiller) on the cleavage surface.</def>

<h1>Hypersthenic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*sthen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Composed of, or containing, hypersthene.</def>

<h1>Hyperthetical</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*thet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ over + <?/ to place.]</ety> <def>Exaggerated; excessive; hyperbolical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Hyperthetical</b> or superlative . . . expression.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hyperthyrion</h1>
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<hw>Hy`per*thyr"i*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ over + <?/ door.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>That part of the architrave which is over a door or window.</def>

<h1>Hypertrophic, Hypertrophical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy`per*troph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy`per*troph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hypertrophique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med. & Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to hypertrophy; affected with, or tending to, hypertrophy.</def>

<h1>Hypertrophied</h1>
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<hw>Hy*per"tro*phied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med. & Biol.)</fld> <def>Excessively developed; characterized by hypertrophy.</def>

<h1>Hypertrophy</h1>
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<hw>Hy*per"tro*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ over, beyond + <?/ nourishment, fr. <?/ to nourish: cf. F. <ets>hypertrophie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med. & Biol.)</fld> <def>A condition of overgrowth or excessive development of an organ or part; -- the opposite of <i>atrophy</i>.</def>

<h1>Hyph\'91</h1>
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<hw>Hy"ph\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"yfh`</grk> a web.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The long, branching filaments of which the mycelium (and the greater part of the plant) of a fungus is formed.  They are also found enveloping the gonidia of lichens, making up a large part of their structure.</def>

<h1>Hyphen</h1>
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<hw>Hy"phen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ under one, into one, together, fr. <?/ under + <?/, neut. of <?/ one. See <er>Hypo-</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A mark or short dash, thus [-], placed at the end of a line which terminates with a syllable of a word, the remainder of which is carried to the next line; or between the parts of many a compound word; as in <i>fine-leaved</i>, <i>clear-headed</i>. It is also sometimes used to separate the syllables of words.</def>

<h1>Hyphen</h1>
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<hw>Hy"phen</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hyphened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hyphening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To connect with, or separate by, a hyphen, as two words or the parts of a word.</def>

<h1>Hyphenated</h1>
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<hw>Hy"phen*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>United by hyphens; hyphened; <as>as, a <ex>hyphenated</ex> or hyphened word</as>.</def>

<h1>Hyphomycetes</h1>
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<hw>Hy`pho*my*ce"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a web + <?/, <?/, a mushroom.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the great division of fungi, containing those species which have naked spores borne on free or only fasciculate threads.</def>

<i>M. J. Berkley.</i>

<h1>Hypidiomorphic</h1>
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<hw>Hy*pid`i*o*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>idiomorphic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Partly idiomorphic; -- said of rock a portion only of whose constituents have a distinct crystalline form.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hy*pid`i*o*mor"phic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hypinosis</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`i*no"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ under + <?/, <?/ strength, fiber.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A diminution in the normal amount of fibrin present in the blood.</def>

<h1>Hypnagogic</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`na*gog"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sleep + <?/ a carrying away.]</ety> <def>Leading to sleep; -- applied to the illusions of one who is half asleep.</def>

<h1>Hypnobate</h1>
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<hw>Hyp"no*bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Gr. <?/ sleep + <?/ to go.]</ety> <def>A somnambulist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Hypnocyst</h1>
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<hw>Hyp"no*cyst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sleep + E. <ets>cyst</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A cyst in which some unicellular organisms temporarily inclose themselves, from which they emerge unchanged, after a period of drought or deficiency of food. In some instances, a process of spore formation seems to occur within such cysts.</def>

<h1>Hypnogenic</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`no*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sleep + root of <?/ to be born.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Relating to the production of hypnotic sleep; <as>as, the so-called <ex>hypnogenic</ex> pressure points, pressure upon which is said to cause an attack of hypnotic sleep</as>.</def>

<i>De Watteville.</i>

<h1>Hypnologist</h1>
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<hw>Hyp*nol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is versed in hypnology.</def>

<h1>Hypnology</h1>
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<hw>Hyp*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sleep + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on sleep; the doctrine of sleep.</def>

<h1>Hypnosis</h1>
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<hw>Hyp*no"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ sleep.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Supervention of sleep.</def>

<h1>Hypnotic</h1>
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<hw>Hyp*not"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ inclined to sleep, putting to sleep, fr. <?/ to lull to sleep, fr. <?/ sleep; akin to L. <ets>somnus</ets>, and E. <ets>somnolent</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hypnotique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the quality of producing sleep; tending to produce sleep; soporific.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to hypnotism; in a state of hypnotism; liable to hypnotism; <as>as, a <ex>hypnotic</ex> condition</as>.</def>

<h1>Hypnotic</h1>
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<hw>Hyp*not"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any agent that produces, or tends to produce, sleep; an opiate; a soporific; a narcotic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person who exhibits the phenomena of, or is subject to, hypnotism.</def>

<h1>Hypnotism</h1>
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<hw>Hyp"no*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sleep: cf. F. <ets>hypnotisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>A form of sleep or somnambulism brought on by artificial means, in which there is an unusual suspension of some powers, and an unusual activity of others. It is induced by an action upon the nerves, through the medium of the senses, as in persons of very feeble organization, by gazing steadly at a very bright object held before the eyes, or by pressure upon certain points of the surface of the body.</def>

<h1>Hypnotization</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`no*ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of producing hypnotism.</def>

<h1>Hypnotize</h1>
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<hw>Hyp"no*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hypnotized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hypnotizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To induce hypnotism in; to place in a state of hypnotism.</def>

<h1>Hypnotizer</h1>
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<hw>Hyp"no*ti`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hypnotizes.</def>

<h1>Hypnum</h1>
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<hw>Hyp"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ moss.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The largest genus of true mosses; feather moss.</def>

<h1>Hypo-</h1>
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<hw>Hy"po-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ under, beneath; akin to L. <ets>sub</ets>. See <er>Sub-</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A prefix signifying a <i>less quantity</i>, or a <i>low state</i> or <i>degree</i>, of that denoted by the word with which it is joined, or position <i>under</i> or <i>beneath</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A prefix denoting that the element to the name of which it is prefixed enters with a <i>low valence</i>, or in a <i>low state of oxidization</i>, usually the <i>lowest</i>, into the compounds indicated; <as>as, <ex>hypo</ex>sulphurous acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Hypo</h1>
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<hw>Hy"po</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hypochondria.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Hypo</h1>
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<hw>Hy"po</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. from <ets>hyposulphite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>Sodium hyposulphite, or thiosulphate, a solution of which is used as a bath to wash out the unchanged silver salts in a picture.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Hypoarian</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*a"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a hypoarion.</def>

<h1>Hypoarion</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*a"ri*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hypoaria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ beneath + <?/ a little egg.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An oval lobe beneath each of the optic lobes in many fishes; one of the inferior lobes.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Hypoblast</h1>
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<hw>Hy"po*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The inner or lower layer of the blastoderm; -- called also <altname>endoderm</altname>, <altname>entoderm</altname>, and sometimes <altname>hypoderm</altname>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Blastoderm</er>, <er>Delamination</er>, and <er>Ectoderm</er>.</def>

<h1>Hypoblastic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*blas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or connected with, the hypoblast; <as>as, the <ex>hypoic</ex> sac</as>.</def>

<h1>Hypobole</h1>
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<hw>Hy*pob"o*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a throwing under, a suggesting; <?/ under + <?/ to throw.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure in which several things are mentioned that seem to make against the argument, or in favor of the opposite side, each of them being refuted in order.</def>

<h1>Hypobranchial</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*bran"chi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>branchial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the segment between the basibranchial and the ceratobranchial in a branchial arch.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A hypobranchial bone or cartilage.</def></def2>

<h1>Hypocarp, Hypocarpium</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy"po*carp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy`po*car"pi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>hypocarpium</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ beneath + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fleshy enlargement of the receptacle, or for the stem, below the proper fruit, as in the cashew. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Cashew</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="721">
Page 721<p>

<h1>Hypocarpogean</h1>
<Xpage=721>

<hw>Hy`po*car`po*ge"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit + <?/ earth.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing fruit below the ground.</def>

<h1>Hypocaust</h1>
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<hw>Hyp"o*caust</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hypocaustum</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ under + <?/ to burn: cf. F. <ets>hypocauste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Arch.)</fld> <def>A furnace, esp. one connected with a series of small chambers and flues of tiles or other masonry through which the heat of a fire was distributed to rooms above. This contrivance, first used in bath, was afterwards adopted in private houses.</def>

<h1>Hypochlorite</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*chlo"rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of hypochlorous acid; <as>as, a calcium <ex>hypochloride</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Hypochlorous</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*chlo"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>chlorous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, chlorine having a valence lower than in chlorous compounds.</def>

<cs><col>Hypochlorous acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an acid derived from chlorine, not known in a pure state, but forming various salts, called hypochlorites.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hypochondres</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*chon"dres</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hypocondres</ets>, formerly spely <ets>hypochondres</ets>.]</ety> <def>The hypochondriac regions. See <er>Hypochondrium</er>.</def>

<h1>Hypochondria</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hypochondriasis; melancholy; the blues.</def><-- as of 1990, the preferred name for the condition in which a person has a morbid concern about illnesses which he imagines are affecting him -->

<h1>Hypochondriac</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ affocated in the hypochondrium: cf. F. <ets>hypocondriaque</ets>, formerly spelt <ets>hypochondriaque</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to hypochondria, or the hypochondriac regions.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affected, characterized, or produced, by hypochondriasis.</def>

<cs><col>Hypochondriac region</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a region on either side of the abdomen beneath the cartilages of the false ribs, beside the epigastric, and above the lumbar, region.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hypochondriac</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*ac</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person affected with hypochondriasis.</def>

<blockquote>He had become an incurable <b>hypochondriac</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hypochondriacal</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hypochondriac</er>, 2.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hypochondriacism</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hypochondriasis.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Hypochondriasis</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*a*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. So named because supposed to have its seat in the hypochondriac regions. See <er>Hypochondriac</er>, <er>Hypochondrium</er>, and cf. <er>Hyp</er>, 1st <er>Hypo</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A mental disorder in which melancholy and gloomy views torment the affected person, particularly concerning his own health.</def>

<h1>Hypochondriasm</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*asm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hypochondriasis.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Hypochondrium</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Hypochondria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Hypochondriums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, from <?/ under the cartilage of the breastbone; <?/ under + <?/ cartilage.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Either of the hypochondriac regions.</def>

<h1>Hypochondry</h1>
<Xpage=721>

<hw>Hy`po*chon"dry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hypochondriasis.</def>

<h1>Hypocist</h1>
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<hw>Hyp"o*cist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a plant growing on the roots of the <ets>Cistus</ets>.]</ety> <def>An astringent inspissated juice obtained from the fruit of a plant (<spn>Cytinus hypocistis</spn>), growing from the roots of the <spn>Cistus</spn>, a small European shrub.</def>

<h1>Hypocleidium</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*clei"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Hypocleida</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Hypocleidiums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ under + <?/ a little key.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A median process on the furculum, or merrythought, of many birds, where it is connected with the sternum.</def>

<h1>Hypocoristic</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`o*co*ris"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ under + <?/ to caress.]</ety> <def>Endearing; diminutive; <as>as, the <ex>hypocoristic</ex> form of a name</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>hypocoristic</b> or pet form of William.
<i>Dr. Murray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hypocrateriform</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`o*cra*ter"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <?/ cup + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>hypocraterimorphous; salver-shaped.</def>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Hypocraterimorphous</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`o*cra*ter`i*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ bowl + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Salver-shaped; having a slender tube, expanding suddenly above into a bowl-shaped or spreading border, as in the blossom of the phlox and the lilac.</def>

<h1>Hpocrisy</h1>
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<hw>H*poc"ri*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hypocrisies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>hypocrisie</ets>, <ets>ypocrisie</ets>, OF. <ets>hypocrisie</ets>, <ets>ypocrisie</ets>, F. <ets>hypocrisie</ets>, L. <ets>hypocrisis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ the playing a part on the stage, simulation, outward show, fr. <?/ to answer on the stage, to play a part; <?/ under + <?/ to decide; in the middle voice, to dispute, contend. See <er>Hypo-</er>, and <er>Critic</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of a hypocrite; a feigning to be what one is not, or to feel what one does not feel; a dissimulation, or a concealment of one's real character, disposition, or motives; especially, the assuming of false appearance of virtue or religion; a simulation of goodness.</def>

<blockquote><b>Hypocrisy</b> is the necessary burden of villainy.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Hypocrisy</b> is the homage vice pays to virtue.
<i>La Rochefoucauld (Trans. ).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hypocrite</h1>
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<hw>Hyp"o*crite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>hypocrita</ets>, Gr. <?/ one who plays a part on the stage, a dissembler, feigner. See <er>Hypocrisy</er>.]</ety> <def>One who plays a part; especially, one who, for the purpose of winning approbation of favor, puts on a fair outside seeming; one who feigns to be other and better than he is; a false pretender to virtue or piety; one who simulates virtue or piety.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>hypocrite's</b> hope shall perish.
<i>Job viii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I dare swear he is no <b>hypocrite</b>, but prays from his heart.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Deceiver; pretender; cheat. See <er>Dissembler</er>.</syn>

<h1>Hypocritely</h1>
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<hw>Hyp"o*crite*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Hypocritically.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sylvester.</i>

<h1>Hypocritic</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`o*crit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Hypocritical</er>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Hypocritical</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`o*crit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>hypocritique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a hypocrite, or to hypocrisy; <as>as, a <ex>hypocritical</ex>person; a <ex>hypocritical</ex> look; a <ex>hypocritical</ex> action.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Hypocritical</b> professions of friendship and of pacific intentions were not spared.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Hyp`o*crit"ic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hypocrystalline</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`o*crys"tal*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>crystalline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Partly crystalline; -- said of rock which consists of crystals imbedded in a glassy ground mass.</def>

<h1>Hypocycloid</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*cy"cloid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>cycloid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>hypocyclo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve traced by a point in the circumference of a circle which rolls on the concave side in the fixed circle. Cf. <er>Epicycloid</er>, and <er>Trochoid</er>.</def>

<h1>Hypodactylum</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`o*dac"ty*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-tyla</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ beneath + <?/ a finger, toe.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The under side of the toes.</def>

<h1>Hypoderm</h1>
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<hw>Hyp"o*derm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>-derm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hypoblast</er>.</def>

<h1>Hypoderma</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`o*der"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hypo</er>, and <er>derma</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A layer of tissue beneath the epidermis in plants, and performing the physiological function of strengthening the epidermal tissue. In phanerogamous plants it is developed as <i>collenchyma</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An inner cellular layer which lies beneath the chitinous cuticle of arthropods, annelids, and some other invertebrates.</def>

<h1>Hypodermatic</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`o*der*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hypodermic.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Hyp`o*der*mat"ic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hypodermic</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`o*der"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hypoderma</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the parts under the skin.</def>

<cs><col>Hypodermic medication</col>, <cd>the application of remedies under the epidermis, usually by means of a small syringe, called the hypodermic syringe.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Hyp`o*der"mic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hypodermis</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`o*der"mis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hypo-</er>, and <er>Derma</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hypoblast</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hypoderma</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Hypodicrotic, Hypodicrotous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hyp`o*di*crot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hyp`o*di"cro*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Exhibiting retarded dicrotism; <as>as, a <ex>hypodicrotic</ex> pulse curve</as>.</def>

<h1>Hypog\'91ic</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`o*g\'91"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <grk>gai^a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, earth.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, the peanut, or earthnut (<spn>Arachis hypog\'91a</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>Hypog\'91ic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an acid in the oil of the earthnut, in which it exists as a glyceride, and from which it is extracted as a white, crystalline substance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hypogastric</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`o*gas"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>hypogastrique</ets>. See <er>Hypogastrium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the hypogastrium or the hypogastric region.</def>

<cs><col>Hypogastric region</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The lower part of the abdomen.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An arbitrary division of the abdomen below the umbilical and between the two iliac regions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hypogastrium</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`o*gas"tri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ under + <?/ belly.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The lower part of the abdomen.</def>

<h1>Hypogean</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`o*ge"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ earth.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Hypogeous.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hypog\'91an</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hypogene</h1>
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<hw>Hyp"o*gene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + the root of Gr. <?/ to be born: cf. F. <ets>hypog\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Formed or crystallized at depths the earth's surface; -- said of granite, gneiss, and other rocks, whose crystallization is believed of have taken place beneath a great thickness of overlying rocks. Opposed to <i>epigene</i>.</def>

<h1>Hypogeous</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`o*ge"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hypogean</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing under ground; remaining under ground; ripening its fruit under ground.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hypog\'91ous</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hypogeum</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`o*ge"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hypogea</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, subterranean; <?/ under + <?/, <?/, the earth.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Arch.)</fld> <def>The subterraneous portion of a building, as in amphitheaters, for the service of the games; also, subterranean galleries, as the catacombs.</def>

<h1>Hypoglossal</h1>
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<hw>Hyp`o*glos"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Under the tongue; -- applied esp., in the higher vertebrates, to the twelfth or last pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed to the base of the tongue.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the hypoglossal nerves.</def></def2>

<h1>Hypognatous</h1>
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<hw>Hy*pog"na*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the maxilla, or lower jaw, longer than the upper, as in the skimmer.</def>

<h1>Hypogyn</h1>
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<hw>Hyp"o*gyn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An hypogynous plant.</def>

<h1>Hypogynous</h1>
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<hw>Hy*pog"y*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ woman, female: cf. F. <ets>hypogyne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Inserted below the pistil or pistils; -- said of sepals, petals, and stamens; having the sepals, petals, and stamens inserted below the pistil; -- said of a flower or a plant.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Hypohyal</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*hy"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + Greek letter <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to one or more small elements in the hyoidean arch of fishes, between the caratohyal and urohyal.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the hypohyal bones or cartilages.</def></def2>

<h1>Hyponastic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*nas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ pressed close.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Exhibiting a downward convexity caused by unequal growth. Cf. <er>Epinastic</er>.</def>

<h1>Hyponasty</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*nas"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Downward convexity, or convexity of the inferior surface.</def>

<h1>Hyponitrite</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*ni"trite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of hyponitrous acid.</def>

<h1>Hyponitrous</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*ni"trous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>nitrous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Containing or derived from nitrogen having a lower valence than in nitrous compounds.</def>

<cs><col>Hyponitrous acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an unstable nitrogen acid, <chform>NOH</chform>, whose salts are produced by reduction of the nitrates, although the acid itself is not isolated in the free state except as a solution in water; -- called also <altname>nitrosylic acid</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hypopharynx</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*phar"ynx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hypo-</er>, and <er>Pharynx</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An appendage or fold on the lower side of the pharynx, in certain insects.</def>

<h1>Hypophosphate</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*phos"phate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of hypophosphoric acid.</def>

<h1>Hypophosphite</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*phos"phite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of hypophosphorous acid.</def>

<h1>Hypophosphoric</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*phos*phor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>phosphoric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; <as>as, <ex>hypophosphoric</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Hypophosphoric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an acid, <chform>P2H4O6</chform>, produced by the slow oxidation of moist phosphorus, and isolated only as a solution in water. It is regarded as a condensation product of one molecule of phosphoric acid with one of phosphorous acid, by partial dehydration.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hypophosphorous</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*phos"phor*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>phosphorous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; <as>as, <ex>hypophosphorous</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Hypophosphorous acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>, an acid, <chform>H3PO2</chform>, whose salts are produced by the action of barium hygrate on phosphorus. It may be obtained from its water solution, by exaporation and freezing, as a white crystalline substance. It is a powerful reducing agent.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hypophyllous</h1>
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<hw>Hy*poph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Being or growing on the under side of a leaf, as the fruit dots of ferns.</def>

<h1>Hypophysial</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*phys"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the hypophysis; pituitary.</def>

<h1>Hypophysis</h1>
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<hw>Hy*poph"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ under + <?/ nature, origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Pituitary body</cref>, under <er>Pituitary</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Cataract.</def>

<h1>Hypoplastron</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*plas"tron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hypoplastra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>plastron</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The third lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called also <altname>hyposternum</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hypoptilum</h1>
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<hw>Hy*pop"ti*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Hypoptila</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Hypoptilums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ beneath + <?/ down.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An accessory plume arising from the posterior side of the stem of the contour feathers of many birds; -- called also <altname>aftershaft</altname>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Feather</er>.</def>

<h1>Hyporadius</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*ra"di*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hyporadii</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>radius</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the barbs of the hypoptilum, or aftershaft of a feather. See <er>Feather</er>.</def>

<h1>Hyporhachis</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*rha"chis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hyporhachides</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ beneath + <?/ spine.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The stem of an aftershaft or hypoptilum.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hyporachis</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hyposkeletal</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*skel"e*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>skeletal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Beneath the endoskeleton; hypaxial; <as>as, the <ex>hyposkeletal</ex> muscles</as>; -- opposed to <i>episkeletal</i>.</def>

<h1>Hypospadias</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*spa"di*as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ beneath + <?/ to draw, tear.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A deformity of the penis, in which the urethra opens upon its under surface.</def>

<h1>Hypostasis</h1>
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<hw>Hy*pos"ta*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hypostases</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ subsistence, substance, fr. <?/ to stand under; <?/ under + <?/ to stand, middle voice of <?/ to cause to stand. See <er>Hypo-</er>, and <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which forms the basis of anything; underlying principle; a concept or mental entity conceived or treated as an existing being or thing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Substance; subsistence; essence; person; personality; -- used by the early theologians to denote any one of the three subdivisions of the Godhead, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.</def>

<note>&hand; The Council of Alexandria (<er>a</er>.<er>d</er>. 362) defined <i>hypostasis</i> as synonymous with <i>person</i>.</note>

<i>Schaff-Herzog.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Principle; an element; -- used by the alchemists in speaking of salt, sulphur, and mercury, which they considered as the three principles of all material bodies.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>That which is deposited at the bottom of a fluid; sediment.</def>

<h1>Hypostasize</h1>
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<hw>Hy*pos"ta*size</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make into a distinct substance; to conceive or treat as an existing being; to hypostatize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The pressed Newtonians . . . refused to <b>hypostasize</b> the law of gravitation into an ether.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hypostatic, Hypostatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy`po*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy`po*stat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>hypostatique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to hypostasis, or substance; hence, constitutive, or elementary.</def>

<blockquote>The grand doctrine of the chymists, touching their three <b>hypostatical</b> principles.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Personal, or distinctly personal; relating to the divine hypostases, or substances.</def>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Depending upon, or due to, deposition or setting; <as>as, <ex>hypostatic</ex> cognestion, cognestion due to setting of blood by gravitation</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Hypostatic union</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>the union of the divine with the human nature of Christ.</cd></cs>

<i>Tillotson.</i>

<h1>Hypostatically</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*stat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a hypostatic manner.</def>

<h1>Hypostatize</h1>
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<hw>Hy*pos"ta*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make into, or regarded as, a separate and distinct substance.</def>

<blockquote>Looked upon both species and genera as <b>hypostatized</b> universals.
<i>Pop. Sci. Monthly.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To attribute actual or personal existence to.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Hyposternum</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*ster"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Hyposterna</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Hyposternums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>sternum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hypoplastron</er>.</def>

<h1>Hypostome, Hypostoma</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy"po*stome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy*pos"to*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>hypostoma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ beneath + <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lower lip of trilobites, crustaceans, etc.</def>

<h1>Hypostrophe</h1>
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<hw>Hy*pos"tro*phe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to turn round or back; <?/ under + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of a patient turning himself.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A relapse, or return of a disease.</def>

<hr>
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Page 722<p>

<h1>Hypostyle</h1>
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<hw>Hy"po*style</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ resting on pillars; <?/ under + <?/ a pillar.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Resting upon columns; constructed by means of columns; -- especially applied to the great hall at Karnak.</def>

<h1>Hyposulphate</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*sul"phate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of hyposulphuric acid.</def>

<h1>Hyposulphite</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*sul"phite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A salt of what was formerly called hyposulphurous acid; a thiosulphate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A salt of hyposulphurous acid proper.</def>

<h1>Hyposulphuric</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*sul*phur"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>sulphuric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur in a lower state of oxidation than in the sulphuric compounds; <as>as, <ex>hyposulphuric</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Hyposulphuric acid</col>, <cd>an acid, <chform>H2S2O6</chform>, obtained by the action of manganese dioxide on sulphur dioxide, and known only in a watery solution and in its salts; -- called also <altname>dithionic acid</altname>. See <er>Dithionic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hyposulphurous</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*sul"phur*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>sulphurous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur, all, or a part, in a low state of oxidation.</def>

<cs><col>Hyposulphurous acid</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Thiosulphuric acid. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An acid, <chform>H2SO2</chform>, obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. It is not obtained in the free state, but in an orange-yellow water solution, which is a strong reducing and bleaching agent. Called also <altname>hydrosulphurous acid</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hypotarsus</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*tar"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hypotarsi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Hypo-</er>, and <er>Tarsus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A process on the posterior side of the tarsometatarsus of many birds; the calcaneal process.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hy`po*tar"sal</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hypotenuse, Hypothenuse</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy*pot"e*nuse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy*poth"e*nuse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hypotenusa</ets>, Gr. <?/, prob., subtending (sc. <?/), fr. <?/ to stretch under, subtend; <?/ under + <?/ to stretch. See <er>Subtend</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The side of a right-angled triangle that is opposite to the right angle.</def>

<h1>Hypothec</h1>
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<hw>Hy*poth"ec</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hypoth\'8aque</ets>. See <er>Hypotheca</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scot. Law)</fld> <def>A landlord's right, independently of stipulation, over the stocking (cattle, implements, etc.), and crops of his tenant, as security for payment of rent.</def>

<h1>Hypotheca</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*the"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a thing subject to some obligation, fr. <?/ to put under, put down, pledge. See <er>Hypothesis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Law)</fld> <def>An obligation by which property of a debtor was made over to his creditor in security of his debt.</def>

<note>&hand; It differed from pledge in regard to possession of the property subject to the obligation; pledge requiring, simple hypotheca not requiring, possession of it by the creditor. The modern mortgage corresponds very closely with it.</note>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Hypothecate</h1>
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<hw>Hy*poth"e*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Hypothecated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Hypothecating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>hypothecatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>hypothecare</ets> to pledge, fr. L. <ets>hypotheca</ets> pledge, security. See <er>Hypotheca</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To subject, as property, to liability for a debt or engagement without delivery of possession or transfer of title; to pledge without delivery of possession; to mortgage, as ships, or other personal property; to make a contract by bottomry. See <er>Hypothecation</er>, <er>Bottomry</er>.</def>

<blockquote>He had found the treasury empty and the pay of the navy in arrear. He had no power to <b>hypothecate</b> any part of the public revenue. Those who lent him money lent it on no security but his bare word.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hypothecation</h1>
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<hw>Hy*poth`e*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>hypothecatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Civ. Law)</fld> <def>The act or contract by which property is hypothecated; a right which a creditor has in or to the property of his debtor, in virtue of which he may cause it to be sold and the price appropriated in payment of his debt. This is a right in the thing, or <i>jus in re</i>.</def>

<i>Pothier. B. R. Curtis.</i>

<blockquote>There are but few cases, if any, in our law, where an <b>hypothecation</b>, in the strict sense of the Roman law, exists; that is a pledge without possession by the pledgee.
<i>Story.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In the modern civil law, this contract has no application to movable property, not even to ships, to which and their cargoes it is most frequently applied in England and America. See <er>Hypothecate</er>.</note>

<i>B. R. Curtis. Domat.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law of Shipping)</fld> <def>A contract whereby, in consideration of money advanced for the necessities of the ship, the vessel, freight, or cargo is made liable for its repayment, provided the ship arrives in safety. It is usually effected by a bottomry bond. See <er>Bottomry</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; This term is often applied to mortgages of ships.</note>

<h1>Hypothecator</h1>
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<hw>Hy*poth"e*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who hypothecates or pledges anything as security for the repayment of money borrowed.</def>

<h1>Hypothenal, Hypothenar</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy*poth"e*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy*poth"e*nar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>thenar</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the prominent part of the palm of the hand above the base of the little finger, or a corresponding part in the forefoot of an animal; <as>as, the <ex>hypothenar</ex> eminence</as>.</def>

<h1>Hypothenar</h1>
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<hw>Hy*poth"e*nar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The hypothenar eminence.</def>

<h1>Hypothenusal</h1>
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<hw>Hy*poth`e*nu"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to hypothenuse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Hypothenuse</h1>
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<hw>Hy*poth"e*nuse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hypotenuse</er>.</def>

<h1>Hypothesis</h1>
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<hw>Hy*poth"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Hypotheses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ foundation, supposition, fr. <?/ to place under, <?/ under + <?/ to put. See <er>Hypo-</er>, <er>Thesis</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A supposition; a proposition or principle which is supposed or taken for granted, in order to draw a conclusion or inference for proof of the point in question; something not proved, but assumed for the purpose of argument, or to account for a fact or an occurrence; <as>as, the <ex>hypothesis</ex> that head winds detain an overdue steamer</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>hypothesis</b> being a mere supposition, there are no other limits to <b>hypotheses</b> than those of the human imagination.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Natural Science)</fld> <def>A tentative theory or supposition provisionally adopted to explain certain facts, and to guide in the investigation of others; hence, frequently called a <i>working hypothesis</i>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Supposition; assumption. See <er>Theory</er>.</syn>

<cs><col>Nebular hypothesis</col>. <cd>See under <er>Nebular</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Hypothetic, Hypothetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hy`po*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hy`po*thet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hypotheticus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>hypoth\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by, or of the nature of, an hypothesis; conditional; assumed without proof, for the purpose of reasoning and deducing proof, or of accounting for some fact or phenomenon.</def>

<blockquote>Causes <b>hypothetical</b> at least, if not real, for the various phenomena of the existence of which our experience informs us.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Hypothetical baptism</col> <fld>(Ch. of Eng.)</fld>, <cd>baptism administered to persons in respect to whom it is doubtful whether they have or have not been baptized before.</cd></cs>

<i>Hook.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Hy`po*thet"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Hypothetist</h1>
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<hw>Hy*poth"e*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who proposes or supports an hypothesis.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Hypotrachelium</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*tra*che"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ under + <?/ neck.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Gorgerin</er>.</def>

<h1>Hypotricha</h1>
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<hw>Hy*pot"ri*cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ beneath + <?/. <?/, a hair.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of ciliated Infusoria in which the cilia cover only the under side of the body.</def>

<h1>Hypotrochoid</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*tro"choid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>trochoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve, traced by a point in the radius, or radius produced, of a circle which rolls upon the concave side of a fixed circle. See <er>Hypocycloid</er>, <er>Epicycloid</er>, and <er>Trochoid</er>.</def>

<h1>Hypotyposis</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*ty*po"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to sketch out; <?/ under + <?/ to impress.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A vivid, picturesque description of scenes or events.</def>

<h1>Hypoxanthin</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*xan"thin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + <ets>xanthin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline, nitrogenous substance, closely related to xanthin and uric acid, widely distributed through the animal body, but especially in muscle tissue; -- called also <altname>sarcin</altname>, <altname>sarkin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hypozoic</h1>
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<hw>Hy`po*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Anterior in age to the lowest rocks which contain organic remains.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<h1>Hyppish</h1>
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<hw>Hyp"pish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Hyp</er>.]</ety> <def>Affected with hypochondria; hypped.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hyppish</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Hyppogriff</h1>
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<hw>Hyp"po*griff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hyppogriff</er>.</def>

<h1>Hypsiloid</h1>
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<hw>Hyp"si*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <UPSILON/, the Greek letter called "upsilon" + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Resembling the Greek letter <UPSILON/ in form; hyoid.</def>

<h1>Hypsometer</h1>
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<hw>Hyp*som"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ height + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring heights by observation of barometric pressure; esp., one for determining heights by ascertaining the boiling point of water. It consists of a vessel for water, with a lamp for heating it, and an inclosed thermometer for showing the temperature of ebullition.</def>

<h1>Hypsometric, Hypsometrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hyp`so*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hyp`so*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to hypsometry.</def>

<h1>Hypsometry</h1>
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<hw>Hyp*som"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That branch of the science of geodesy which has to do with the measurement of heights, either absolutely with reference to the sea level, or relatively.</def>

<h1>Hypural</h1>
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<hw>Hy*pu"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>hypo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Under the tail; -- applied to the bones which support the caudal fin rays in most fishes.</def>

<h1>Hyracoid</h1>
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<hw>Hy"ra*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Hyracoidea.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Hyracoidea.</def></def2>

<h1>Hyracoidea</h1>
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<hw>Hyr`a*coi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Hyrax</er>, and <er>oid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of small hoofed mammals, comprising the single living genus <spn>Hyrax</spn>.</def>

<h1>Hyrax</h1>
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<hw>Hy"rax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ shrew mouse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any animal of the genus <spn>Hyrax</spn>, of which about four species are known. They constitute the order Hyracoidea. The best known species are the daman (<spn>H. Syriacus</spn>) of Palestine, and the klipdas (<spn>H. capensis</spn>) of South Africa. Other species are <spn>H. arboreus</spn> and <spn>H. Sylvestris</spn>, the former from Southern, and the latter from Western, Africa. See <er>Daman</er>.</def>

<h1>Hyrcanian, Hyrcan</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hyr*ca"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hyr"can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Hyrcania, an ancient country or province of Asia, southeast of the Caspian (which was also called the Hyracanian) Sea.</def> "The <i>Hyrcan</i> tiger."  "<i>Hyracanian</i> deserts."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Hyrse</h1>
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<hw>Hyrse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>hirse</ets>, OHG. <ets>hirsi</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Millet.</def>

<h1>Hyrst</h1>
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<hw>Hyrst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wood. See <er>Hurst</er>.</def>

<h1>Hyson</h1>
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<hw>Hy"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Chin. <ets>hi-tshun</ets>, lit., first crop, or blooming spring.]</ety> <def>A fragrant kind of green tea.</def>

<cs><col>Hyson skin</col>, <cd>the light and inferior leaves separated from the hyson by a winnowing machine.</cd></cs>

<i>M'Culloch.</i>

<h1>Hyssop</h1>
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<hw>Hys"sop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>hysope</ets>, <ets>ysope</ets>, OF. <ets>ysope</ets>, F. <ets>hysope</ets>, <ets>hyssope</ets>, L. <ets>hysopum</ets>, <ets>hyssopum</ets>, <ets>hyssopus</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, an aromatic plant, fr. Heb. <ets>&emac;sov</ets>.]</ety> <def>A plant (<spn>Hyssopus officinalis</spn>). The leaves have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste.</def>

<note>&hand; The hyssop of Scripture is supposed to be a species of caper (<spn>Capparis spinosa</spn>), but probably the name was used for several different plants.</note>

<h1>Hysteranthous</h1>
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<hw>Hys`ter*an"thous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ after + <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the leaves expand after the flowers have opened.</def>

<i>Henslow.</i>

<h1>Hysteresis</h1>
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<hw>Hys`te*re"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to be behind, to lag.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A lagging or retardation of the effect, when the forces acting upon a body are changed, as if from velocity or internal friction; a temporary resistance to change from a condition previously invuced, observed in magnetism, thermoelectricity, etc., on reversal of polarity.</def>

<h1>Hysteria</h1>
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<hw>Hys*te"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.: cf. F. <ets>hyst\'82rie</ets>. See <er>Hysteric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A nervous affection, occurring almost exclusively in women, in which the emotional and reflex excitability is exaggerated, and the will power correspondingly diminished, so that the patient loses control over the emotions, becomes the victim of imaginary sensations, and often falls into paroxism or fits.</def>

<note>&hand; The chief symptoms are convulsive, tossing movements of the limbs and head, uncontrollable crying and laughing, and a choking sensation as if a ball were lodged in the throat. The affection presents the most varied symptoms, often simulating those of the gravest diseases, but generally curable by mental treatment alone.</note>

<h1>Hysteric, Hysterical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Hys*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Hys*ter"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>hystericus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ the womb; perh. akin to <?/ latter, later, and E. <ets>utter</ets>, <ets>out</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to hysteria; affected, or troubled, with hysterics; convulsive, fitful.</def>

<blockquote>With no <b>hysteric</b> weakness or feverish excitement, they preserved their peace and patience.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Hysterics</h1>
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<hw>Hys*ter"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hysteria.</def>

<h1>Hysteroepilepsy</h1>
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<hw>Hys`ter*o*ep"i*lep`sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hysteria</ets> + <ets>epilepsy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease resembling hysteria in its nature, and characterized by the occurrence of epileptiform convulsions, which can often be controlled or excited by pressure on the ovaries, and upon other definite points in the body.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hys`ter*o*ep`i*lep"tic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hysterogenic</h1>
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<hw>Hys`ter*o*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hyste</ets>ria + root of Gr. <?/ to be born.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Producing hysteria; <as>as, the <ex>hysterogenic</ex>pressure points on the surface of the body, pressure upon which is said both to produce and arrest an attack of hysteria</as>.</def>

<i>De Watteville.</i>

<h1>Hysterology</h1>
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<hw>Hys`ter*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ the latter + <?/ discourse: cf. F. <ets>hyst\'82rologie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which the ordinary course of thought is inverted in expression, and the last put first; -- called also <altname>hysteron proteron</altname>.</def>

<h1>Hysteron proteron</h1>
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<hw>Hys"te*ron prot"e*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the latter, following + <?/ before, others, sooner.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A figure in which the natural order of sense is reversed; hysterology; <as>as, <ex>valet atque vivit</ex>, "he is well and lives</as>."</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An inversion of logical order, in which the conclusion is put before the premises, or the thing proved before the evidence.</def>

<h1>Hysterophyte</h1>
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<hw>Hys*ter"o*phyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/  following + <?/ plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant, like the fungus, which lives on dead or living organic matter.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Hys`ter*oph"y*tal</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Hysterotomy</h1>
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<hw>Hys`ter*ot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ womb + <?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>hyst\'82rotomie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The C\'91sarean section. See under <er>C\'91sarean</er>.</def>

<h1>Hystricine</h1>
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<hw>Hys"tri*cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hystrix</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the porcupines.</def>

<h1>Hystricomorphous</h1>
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<hw>Hys`tri*co*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Hystrix</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or allied to, the porcupines; -- said of a group (<spn>Hystricomorpha</spn>) of rodents.</def>

<h1>Hystrix</h1>
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<hw>Hys"trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ porcupine.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of rodents, including the porcupine.</def>

<h1>Hythe</h1>
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<hw>Hythe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small haven. See <er>Hithe</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hr>
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<centered><point26>I.</point26></centered>

<h1>I</h1>
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<hw>I</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>I, the ninth letter of the English alphabet, takes its form from the Ph\'d2nician, through the Latin and the Greek. The Ph\'d2nician letter was probably of Egyptian origin. Its original value was nearly the same as that of the Italian I, or long <i>e</i> as in <i>mete</i>. Etymologically I is most closely related to <i>e</i>, <i>y</i>, <i>j</i>, <i>g</i>; as in d<i>i</i>nt, d<i>e</i>nt, b<i>e</i>verage, L. b<i>i</i>bere; E. k<i>i</i>n, AS. c<i>y</i>nn; E. th<i>i</i>n, AS. <?/<i>y</i>nne; E. domin<i>i</i>on, don<i>j</i>on, dun<i>g</i>eon.</def>
   In English I has two principal vowel sounds: the long sound, as in <i>p\'c6ne</i>, <i>\'c6ce</i>; and the short sound, as in <i>p&icr;n</i>. It has also three other sounds: (<i>a</i>) That of <i>e</i> in <i>term</i>, as in <i>thirst</i>. (<i>b</i>) That of <i>e</i> in <i>mete</i> (in words of foreign origin), as in <i>machine</i>, <i>pique</i>, <i>regime</i>. (<i>c</i>) That of consonant <i>y</i> (in many words in which it precedes another vowel), as in <i>bunion</i>, <i>million</i>, <i>filial</i>, <i>Christian</i>, etc. It enters into several digraphs, as in <i>fail</i>, <i>field</i>, <i>seize</i>, <i>feign</i>. <i>friend</i>; and with <i>o</i> often forms a proper diphtong, as in <i>oil</i>, <i>join</i>, <i>coin</i>.

<p>See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 98-106.</p>

<note>The dot which we place over the small or lower case <ex>i</ex> dates only from the 14th century. The sounds of I and J were originally represented by the same character, and even after the introduction of the form J into English dictionaries, words containing these letters were, till a comparatively recent time, classed together.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In our old authors, <it>I</it> was often used for <it>ay</it> (or <it>aye</it>), yes, which is pronounced nearly like it.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>As a numeral, I stands for 1, II for 2, etc.</def>

<h1>I-</h1>
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<hw>I-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prefix.</tt> <def>See <er>Y-</er>.</def>

<h1>I</h1>
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<hw>I</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>poss.</tt> <er>My</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Mine</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>object.</tt> <er>Me</er> <tt>(?)</tt>. <plu>pl. <tt>nom.</tt> <plw>We</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>poss.</tt> <plw>Our</plw> <tt>(?)</tt> or <plw>Ours</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>object.</tt> <plw>Us</plw> <tt>(?)</tt>.</plu>]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>i</ets>, <ets>ich</ets>, <ets>ic</ets>, AS. <ets>ic</ets>; akin to OS. & D. <ets>ik</ets>, OHG. <ets>ih</ets>, G. <ets>ich</ets>, Icel. <ets>ek</ets>, Dan. <ets>jeg</ets>, Sw. <ets>jag</ets>, Goth. <ets>ik</ets>, OSlav. <ets>az'</ets>, Russ. <ets>ia</ets>, W. <ets>i</ets>, L. <ets>ego</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, Skr. <ets>aham</ets>. &root;179. Cf. <er>Egoism</er>.]</ety> <def>The nominative case of the pronoun of the first person; the word with which a speaker or writer denotes himself.</def>

<h1>Iamatology</h1>
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<hw>I*am`a*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, medicine + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Materia Medica; that branch of therapeutics which treats of remedies.</def>

<h1>Iamb</h1>
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<hw>I"amb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>iambe</ets>. See <er>Lambus</er>.]</ety> <def>An iambus or iambic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Iambic</h1>
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<hw>I*am"bic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>iambicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>iambique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Consisting of a short syllable followed by a long one, or of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented; <as>as, an <ex>iambic</ex> foot</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or composed of, iambics; <as>as, an <ex>iambic</ex> verse; <ex>iambic</ex> meter. See <er>Lambus</er>.</as></def>

<h1>Iambic</h1>
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<hw>I*am"bic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An iambic foot; an iambus.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A verse composed of iambic feet.</def>

<note>&hand; The following couplet consists of iambic verses.</note>

<blockquote>Thy gen- | ius calls | thee not | to pur- | chase fame
In keen | <b>iam-</b> | <b>bics</b>, but | mild an- | agram.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A satirical poem (such poems having been anciently written in iambic verse); a satire; a lampoon.</def>

<h1>Iambical</h1>
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<hw>I*am"bic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Iambic.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<h1>Iambically</h1>
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<hw>I*am"bic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a iambic manner; after the manner of iambics.</def>

<h1>Iambize</h1>
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<hw>I*am"bize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To satirize in iambics; to lampoon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Iambus</h1>
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<hw>I*am"bus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Iambi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Iambuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>iambus</ets>, Gr. <?/; prob. akin to <?/ to throw, assail (the iambus being first used in satiric poetry), and to L. <ets>jacere</ets> to throw. Cf. <er>Jet</er> a shooting forth.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A foot consisting of a short syllable followed by a long one, as in <i>&acr;m\'bens</i>, or of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented one, as <i>invent</i>; an iambic. See the Couplet under <er>Iambic</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Ianthina</h1>
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<hw>I*an"thi*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Ianthin\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Ianthinas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>ianthinus</ets> violet-blue, Gr. <?/; <?/ violet + <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any gastropod of the genus <spn>Ianthina</spn>, of which various species are found living in mid ocean; -- called also <altname>purple shell</altname>, and <altname>violet snail</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>janthina</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; It floats at the surface by means of a raft, which it constructs by forming and uniting together air bubbles of hardened mucus. The Tyrian purple of the ancients was obtained in part from mollusks of this genus.</note>

<h1>Iatraliptic</h1>
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<hw>I*a`tra*lip"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ physician + <?/ belonging to the <?/ or anointer, fr. <?/ to anoint: cf. F. <ets>iatraliptique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Treating diseases by anointing and friction; <as>as, the <ex>iatraliptic</ex> method</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>iatroleptic</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Iatric, Iatrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>I*at"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>I*at"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ healing, fr. <?/ physician, fr. <?/ to heal.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to medicine, or to medical men.</def>

<h1>Iatrochemical</h1>
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<hw>I*a`tro*chem"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to iatrochemistry, or to the iatrochemists.</def>

<h1>Iatrochemist</h1>
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<hw>I*a`tro*chem"ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ physician + E. <ets>chemist</ets>.]</ety> <def>A physician who explained or treated diseases upon chemical principles; one who practiced iatrochemistry.</def>

<h1>Iatrochemistry</h1>
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<hw>I*a`tro*chem"is*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Chemistry applied to, or used in, medicine; -- used especially with reference to the doctrines in the school of physicians in Flanders, in the 17th century, who held that health depends upon the proper chemical relations of the fluids of the body, and who endeavored to explain the conditions of health or disease by chemical principles.</def>

<h1>Iatromathematical</h1>
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<hw>I*a`tro*math`e*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to iatromathematicians or their doctrine.</def>

<h1>Iatromathematician</h1>
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<hw>I*a`tro*math`e*ma*ti"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ physician + E. <ets>mathematician</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Hist. Med.)</fld> <def>One of a school of physicians in Italy, about the middle of the 17th century, who tried to apply the laws of mechanics and mathematics to the human body, and hence were eager student of anatomy; -- opposed to the <i>iatrochemists</i>.</def>

<h1>Iberian</h1>
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<hw>I*be"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Iberia.</def>

<h1>Ibex</h1>
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<hw>I"bex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Ibexes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Ibices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a kind of goat, the chamois.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of wild goats having very large, recurved horns, transversely ridged in front; -- called also <altname>steinbok</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The Alpine ibex (<spn>Capra ibex</spn>) is the best known. The Spanish, or Pyrenean, ibex (<spn>C. Hispanica</spn>) has smoother and more spreading horns.</note>

<h1>Ibidem</h1>
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<hw>I*bi"dem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>In the same place; -- abbreviated <i>ibid.</i> or <i>ib.</i></def>

<h1>Ibis</h1>
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<hw>I"bis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ibis</ets>, Gr. <?/; of Egyptian origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the genus <spn>Ibis</spn> and several allied genera, of the family <spn>Ibid\'91</spn>, inhabiting both the Old World and the New. Numerous species are known. They are large, wading birds, having a long, curved beak, and feed largely on reptiles.</def>

<note>&hand; The sacred ibis of the ancient Egyptians (<spn>Ibis \'92thiopica</spn>) has the head and neck black, without feathers. The plumage of the body and wings is white, except the tertiaries, which are lengthened and form a dark purple plume. In ancient times this bird was extensively domesticated in Egypt, but it is now seldom seen so far north. The glossy ibis (<spn>Plegadis autumnalis</spn>), which is widely distributed both in the Old World and the New, has the head and neck feathered, except between the eyes and bill; the scarlet ibis (<spn>Guara rubra</spn>) and the white ibis (<spn>G. alba</spn>) inhabit the West Indies and South America, and are rarely found in the United States. The wood ibis (<spn>Tantalus loculator</spn>) of America belongs to the Stork family (<spn>Ciconid\'91</spn>). See <er>Wood ibis</er>.</note>

<h1>-ible</h1>
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<hw>-i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. See <er>-able</er>.</def>

<h1>-ic</h1>
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<hw>-ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. -<ets>icus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. -<ets>ique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A suffix signifying, in general, <i>relating to</i>, or <i>characteristic of</i>; <as>as, histor<ex>ic</ex>, hygien<ex>ic</ex>, telegraph<ex>ic</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A suffix, denoting that the element indicated enters into certain compounds with its <i>highest valence</i>, or with a valence relatively higher than in compounds where the name of the element ends in -<i>ous</i>; <as>as, ferr<ex>ic</ex>, sulphur<ex>ic</ex></as>. It is also used in the general sense of <i>pertaining to</i>; <as>as, hydr<ex>ic</ex>, sod<ex>ic</ex>, calc<ex>ic</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Icarian</h1>
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<hw>I*ca"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Icarius</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, the mythic son of D\'91dalus, who, when flying from Crete on wings cemented with wax, mounted so high that the sun melted the wax, and he fell into the sea.]</ety> <def>Soaring too high for safety, like Icarus; adventurous in flight.</def>

<h1>Ice</h1>
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<hw>Ice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>is</ets>, <ets>iis</ets>, AS. <ets>\'c6s</ets>; aksin to D. <ets>ijs</ets>, G. <ets>eis</ets>, OHG. <ets>\'c6s</ets>, Icel. <ets>\'c6ss</ets>, Sw. <ets>is</ets>, Dan. <ets>iis</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>iron</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Water or other fluid frozen or reduced to the solid state by cold; frozen water. It is a white or transparent colorless substance, crystalline, brittle, and viscoidal. Its specific gravity (0.92, that of water at 4\'f8 C. being 1.0) being less than that of water, ice floats.</def>

<note>&hand; Water freezes at 32\'f8 F. or 0\'f8 Cent., and ice melts at the same temperature. Ice owes its cooling properties to the large amount of heat required to melt it.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Concreted sugar.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Water, cream, custard, etc., sweetened, flavored, and artificially frozen.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any substance having the appearance of ice; <as>as, camphor <ex>ice</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Anchor ice</col>, <cd>ice which sometimes forms about stones and other objects at the bottom of running or other water, and is thus attached or <i>anchored<i> to the ground.</cd> -- <col>Bay ice</col>, <cd>ice formed in bays, fiords, etc., often in extensive fields which drift out to sea.</cd> -- <col>Ground ice</col>, <cd>anchor ice.</cd> -- <col>Ice age</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the glacial epoch or period. See under <er>Glacial</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ice anchor</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a grapnel for mooring a vessel to a field of ice. <i>Kane</i>.</cd> -- <col>Ice blink</col> <ety>[Dan. <ets>iisblink<ets>]</ety>, <cd>a streak of whiteness of the horizon, caused by the reflection of light from ice not yet in sight.</cd> -- <col>Ice boat</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A boat fitted with skates or runners, and propelled on ice by sails; an ice yacht.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A strong steamboat for breaking a channel through ice.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Ice box</col> &or; <col>chest</col></mcol>, <cd>a box for holding ice; a box in which things are kept cool by means of ice; a refrigerator.</cd> -- <col>Ice brook</col>, <cd>a brook or stream as cold as ice. <mark>[Poetic]</mark> <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Ice cream</col> <ety>[for <ets>iced cream<ets>]</ety>, <cd>cream, milk, or custard, sweetened, flavored, and frozen.</cd> -- <col>Ice field</col>, <cd>an extensive sheet of ice.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Ice float</col>, <col>Ice floe</col></mcol>, <cd>a sheet of floating ice similar to an ice field, but smaller.</cd> -- <col>Ice foot</col>, <cd>shore ice in Arctic regions; an ice belt. <i>Kane</i>.</cd> -- <col>Ice house</col>, <cd>a close-covered pit or building for storing ice.</cd> -- <col>Ice machine</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>a machine for making ice artificially, as by the production of a low temperature through the sudden expansion of a gas or vapor, or the rapid evaporation of a volatile liquid.</cd> -- <col>Ice master</col>. <cd>See <cref>Ice pilot</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Ice pack</col>, <cd>an irregular mass of broken and drifting ice.</cd> -- <col>Ice paper</col>, <cd>a transparent film of gelatin for copying or reproducing; <i>papier glac\'82<i>.</cd> -- <col>Ice petrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a shearwater (<spn>Puffinus gelidus</spn>) of the Antarctic seas, abundant among floating ice.</cd> -- <col>Ice pick</col>, <cd>a sharp instrument for breaking ice into small pieces.</cd> -- <col>Ice pilot</col>, <cd>a pilot who has charge of a vessel where the course is obstructed by ice, as in polar seas; -- called also <altname>ice master</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Ice pitcher</col>, <cd>a pitcher adapted for ice water.</cd> -- <col>Ice plow</col>, <cd>a large tool for grooving and cutting ice.</cd> <-- <col>ice sculpture</col> = a sculpture carved from a block of ice, often used for decorating restaurants. <col>ice show</col> an entertainment consisting of ice skaters performing figure-skating on a sheet of ice, usually in an arena, often accompanied by music. --> -- <col>Ice sludge</col>, <cd>bay ice broken small by the wind or waves; sludge.</cd> -- <col>Ice spar</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of feldspar, the crystals of which are very clear like ice; rhyacolite.</cd> -- <col>Ice tongs</col>, <cd>large iron nippers for handling ice.</cd> -- <col>Ice water</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Water cooled by ice.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Water formed by the melting of ice.</cd> -- <col>Ice yacht</col>. <cd>See <cref>Ice boat</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>To break the ice</col>. <cd>See under <er>Break</er>.</cd> -- <col>Water ice</col>, <cd>a confection consisting of water sweetened, flavored, and frozen.<-- also called Italian ice --></cd></cs>

<h1>Ice</h1>
<Xpage=723>

<hw>Ice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Iced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Icing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover with ice; to convert into ice, or into something resembling ice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover with icing, or frosting made of sugar and milk or white of egg; to frost, as cakes, tarts, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To chill or cool, as with ice; to freeze.</def>

<h1>Iceberg</h1>
<Xpage=723>

<hw>Ice"berg`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. <ets>iisbierg</ets>, Sw. <ets>isberg</ets>, properly, a mountain of ice. See <er>Ice</er>, and <er>Berg</er>.]</ety> <def>A large mass of ice, generally floating in the ocean.</def>

<note>&hand; Icebergs are large detached portions of glaciers, which in cold regions often project into the sea.</note>

<h1>Icebird</h1>
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<hw>Ice"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Arctic sea bird, as the Arctic fulmar.</def>

<h1>Icebound</h1>
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<hw>Ice"bound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Totally surrounded with ice, so as to be incapable of advancing; <as>as, an <ex>icebound</ex> vessel</as>; also, surrounded by or fringed with ice so as to hinder easy access; <as>as, an <ex>icebound</ex> coast</as>.</def>

<h1>Ice-built</h1>
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<hw>Ice"-built`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Composed of ice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Loaded with ice.</def> "<i>Ice-built</i> mountains."

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Iced</h1>
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<hw>Iced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Covered with ice; chilled with ice; <as>as, <ex>iced</ex> water</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Covered with something resembling ice, as sugar icing; frosted; <as>as, <ex>iced</ex> cake</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Iced cream</col>. <cd>Same as <i>Ice cream<i>, under <er>Ice</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Icefall</h1>
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<hw>Ice"fall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A frozen waterfall, or mass of ice resembling a frozen waterfall.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Icelander</h1>
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<hw>Ice"land*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native, or one of the Scandinavian people, of Iceland.</def>

<h1>Icelandic</h1>
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<hw>Ice*lan"dic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Iceland; relating to, or resembling, the Icelanders.</def>

<h1>Icelandic</h1>
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<hw>Ice*lan"dic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The language of the Icelanders. It is one of the Scandinavian group, and is more nearly allied to the Old Norse than any other language now spoken.</def>

<h1>Iceland moss</h1>
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<hw>Ice"land moss`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of lichen (<spn>Cetraria Icelandica</spn>) found from the Arctic regions to the North Temperate zone. It furnishes a nutritious jelly and other forms of food, and is used in pulmonary complaints as a demulcent.</def>

<h1>Iceland spar</h1>
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<hw>Ice"land spar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A transparent variety of calcite, the best of which is obtained in Iceland. It is used for the prisms of the polariscope, because of its strong double refraction. Cf. <er>Calcite</er>.</def>

<h1>Iceman</h1>
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<hw>Ice"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Icemen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A man who is skilled in traveling upon ice, as among glaciers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who deals in ice; one who retails or delivers ice.</def>

<-- The Iceman Cometh (Title of a book) -->

<h1>Ice plant</h1>
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<hw>Ice" plant`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Mesembryanthemum crystallinum</spn>), sprinkled with pellucid, watery vesicles, which glisten like ice. It is native along the Mediterranean, in the Canaries, and in South Africa. Its juice is said to be demulcent and diuretic; its ashes are used in Spain in making glass.</def>

<--
 Ice skate = a shoe with a metal runner (called a blade) attached to permit the wearer to glide on ice -->
 Ice-skater  = one who skates on ice wearing an ice skate; esp. an athlete who performs athletic or artistic movements on a sheet of ice, wearing ice skates; including speed skater and figure skater -->

<hr>
<page="724">
Page 724<p>

<h1>Icequake</h1>
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<hw>Ice"quake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The crash or concussion attending the breaking up of masses of ice, -- often due to contraction from extreme cold.</def>

<h1>Ich</h1>
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<hw>Ich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <def>I.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<note>&hand; In the Southern dialect of Early English this is the regular form. Cf. <er>Ik</er>.</note>

<h1>Ichneumon</h1>
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<hw>Ich*neu"mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, lit., the tracker; so called because it hunts out the eggs of the crocodile, fr. <?/ to track or hunt after, fr. <?/ track, footstep.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any carnivorous mammal of the genus <spn>Herpestes</spn>, and family <spn>Viverrid\'91</spn>. Numerous species are found in Asia and Africa. The Egyptian species(<spn>H. ichneumon</spn>), which ranges to Spain and Palestine, is noted for destroying the eggs and young of the crocodile as well as various snakes and lizards, and hence was considered sacred by the ancient Egyptians. The common species of India (<spn>H. griseus</spn>), known as the mongoose, has similar habits and is often domesticated. It is noted for killing the cobra.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any hymenopterous insect of the family <spn>Ichneumonid\'91</spn>, of which several thousand species are known, belonging to numerous genera.</def>

<note>&hand; The female deposits her eggs upon, or in, the bodies of other insects, such as caterpillars, plant lice, etc. The larva lives upon the internal tissues of the insect in which it is parasitic, and finally kills it. Hence, many of the species are beneficial to agriculture by destroying noxious insects.</note>

<cs><col>Ichneumon fly</col>. <cd>See <er>Ichneumon</er>, 2.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ichneumonidan</h1>
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<hw>Ich`neu*mon"i*dan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the <spn>Ichneumonid\'91</spn>, or ichneumon flies.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the <i>Ichneumonid\'91</i>.</def></def2>

<h1>Ichneumonides</h1>
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<hw>Ich`neu*mon"i*des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Ichneumon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ichneumon flies.</def>

<h1>Ichnite</h1>
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<hw>Ich"nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ track, footstep.]</ety> <def>A fossil footprint; <as>as, the <ex>ichnites</ex> in the Triassic sandstone</as>.</def>

<i>Page.</i>

<h1>Ichnographic, Ichnographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ich`no*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ich`no*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ichonographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to ichonography; describing a ground plot.</def>

<h1>Ichnography</h1>
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<hw>Ich*nog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ track, footstep + <?/ to describe: cf. F. <ets>ichonographie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Drawing)</fld> <def>A horizontal section of a building or other object, showing its true dimensions according to a geometric scale; a ground plan; a map; also, the art of making such plans.</def>

<h1>Ichnolite</h1>
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<hw>Ich"no*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ track, footstep + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fossil footprint; an ichnite.</def>

<h1>Ichnolithology</h1>
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<hw>Ich`no*li*thol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ footstep + <ets>-lith + -logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Ichnology</er>.</def>

<i>Hitchcock.</i>

<h1>Ichnological</h1>
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<hw>Ich`no*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ichnology.</def>

<h1>Ichnology</h1>
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<hw>Ich*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a footstep + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The branch of science which treats of fossil footprints.</def>

<h1>Ichnoscopy</h1>
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<hw>Ich*nos"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ footstep + <ets>-scopy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The search for the traces of anything.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ichor</h1>
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<hw>I"chor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>ichor</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>An ethereal fluid that supplied the place of blood in the veins of the gods.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thin, acrid, watery discharge from an ulcer, wound, etc.</def>

<h1>Ichorh\'91mia</h1>
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<hw>I`chor*h\'91"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ ichor + <?/ blood.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Infection of the blood with ichorous or putrid substances.</def>

<h1>Ichorous</h1>
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<hw>I"chor*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ichoreux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or like ichor; thin; watery; serous; sanious.</def>

<h1>Ichthidin</h1>
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<hw>Ich"thi*din</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance from the egg yolk of osseous fishes.</def>

<h1>Ichthin</h1>
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<hw>Ich"thin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fish.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous substance resembling vitellin, present in the egg yolk of cartilaginous fishes.</def>

<h1>Ichthulin</h1>
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<hw>Ich"thu*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance from the yolk of salmon's egg.</def>

<h1>Ichthus</h1>
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<hw>Ich"thus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>In early Christian and eccesiastical art, an emblematic fish, or the Greek word for <i>fish</i>, which combined the initials of the Greek words <?/, <?/, <?/ <?/, <?/, Jesus, Christ, Son of God, Savior.</def>

<h1>Ichthyic</h1>
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<hw>Ich"thy*ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or pertaining to, fishes.</def>

<h1>Ichthyocol, Ichthyocolla</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ich"thy*o*col</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ich`thy*o*col"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ichthyocolla</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, a fish + <?/ glue: cf. F. <ets>ichthyocolle</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fish glue; isinglass; a glue prepared from the sounds of certain fishes.</def>

<h1>Ichthyocoprolite</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*o*cop"ro*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a fish + E. <ets>coprolite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Fossil dung of fishes.</def>

<h1>Ichthyodorulite</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*o*dor"u*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a fish + <?/ a spear + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the spiny plates foundon the back and tail of certain skates.</def>

<h1>Ichthyography</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/ + <ets>graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ichthyographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on fishes.</def>

<h1>Ichthyoid, Ichthyoidal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ich"thy*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ich`thy*oid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: <?/, <?/, a fish + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Somewhat like a fish; having some of the characteristics of fishes; -- said of some amphibians.</def>

<h1>Ichthyolatry</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*ol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a fish + <?/ to worship.]</ety> <def>Worship of fishes, or of fish-shaped idols.</def>

<i>Layard.</i>

<h1>Ichthyolite</h1>
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<hw>Ich"thy*o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a fish + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil fish, or fragment of a fish.</def>

<h1>Ichthyologic, Ichthyological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ich`thy*o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ich`thy*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ichthyologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to ichthyology.</def>

<h1>Ichthyologist</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ichthyologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in, or who studies, ichthyology.</def>

<h1>Ichthyology</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a fish + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ichthyologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The natural history of fishes; that branch of zo\'94logy which relates to fishes, including their structure, classification, and habits.</def>

<h1>Ichthyomancy</h1>
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<hw>Ich"thy*o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a fish + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ichthyomancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by the heads or the entrails of fishes.</def>

<h1>Ichthyomorpha</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*o*mor"pha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ fish-shaped; <?/, <?/, a fish + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Urodela.</def>

<h1>Ichthyomorphic, Ichthyomorphous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ich`thy*o*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ich`thy*o*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ichthyomorpha</er>.]</ety> <def>Fish-shaped; <as>as, the <ex>ichthyomorphic</ex> idols of ancient Assyria</as>.</def>

<h1>Ichthyophagist</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*oph"a*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ichthyophagous</er>.]</ety> <def>One who eats, or subsists on, fish.</def>

<h1>Ichthyophagous</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*oph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ichthyophagus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, a fish + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <def>Eating, or subsisting on, fish.</def>

<h1>Ichthyohagy</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*oh"a*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>ichthyophagie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The practice of eating, or living upon, fish.</def>

<h1>Ichthyophthalmite</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*oph*thal"mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a fish + <?/ eye.]</ety> <def>See <er>Apophyllite</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ichthyophthira</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*oph*thi"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a fish + <?/ a louse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of copepod crustaceans, including numerous species parasitic on fishes.</def>

<h1>Ichthyopsida</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*op"si*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a fish + <?/ appearance.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A grand division of the Vertebrata, including the Amphibia and Fishes.</def>

<h1>Ichthyopterygia</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*op`te*ryg"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Ichthyopterygium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ichthyosauria</er>.</def>

<h1>Ichthyopterygium</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*op`te*ryg"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a fish + <?/ a fin.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The typical limb, or lateral fin, of fishes.</def>

<h1>Ichthyornis</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*or"nis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a fish + <?/ bird.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of toothed birds found in the American Cretaceous formation. It is remarkable for having biconcave vertebr\'91, and sharp, conical teeth set in sockets. Its wings were well developed. It is the type of the order Odontotorm\'91.</def>

<h1>Ichthyosaur</h1>
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<hw>Ich"thy*o*saur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ichthyosaure</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>One of the Ichthyosaura.</def>

<h1>Ichthyosauria</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*o*sau"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Ichthyosaurus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct order of marine reptiles, including Ichthyosaurus and allied forms; -- called also <altname>Ichthyopterygia</altname>. They have not been found later than the Cretaceous period.</def>

<h1>Ichthyosaurian</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*o*sau"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Ichthyosauria.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Ichthyosauria.</def></def2>

<h1>Ichthyosaurus</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*o*sau"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ichthyosauri</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>'ichqy`s</grk>, <grk>-y`os</grk>, a fish + <grk>say^ros</grk> a lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of marine reptiles; -- so named from their short, biconcave vertebr\'91, resembling those of fishes. Several species, varying in length from ten to thirty feet, are known from the Liassic, O\'94litic, and Cretaceous formations.</def>

<h1>Ichthyosis</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*o"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ fish.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease in which the skin is thick, rough, and scaly; -- called also <altname>fishskin</altname>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ich`thy*ot"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ichthyotomist</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*ot"o*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in ichthyotomy.</def>

<h1>Ichthyoomy</h1>
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<hw>Ich`thy*o"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a fish + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <def>The anatomy or dissection of fishes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ichthys</h1>
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<hw>Ich"thys</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a fish.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Ichthus</er>.</def>

<h1>Icicle</h1>
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<hw>I"ci*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>isikel</ets>, AS. <ets>\'c6sgicel</ets>; <ets>\'c6s</ets> ice + <ets>gicel</ets> icicle; akin to Icel. <ets>j\'94kull</ets>; cf. Gael. <ets>eigh</ets> ice, Ir. <ets>aigh</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pendent, and usually conical, mass of ice, formed by freezing of dripping water; <as>as, the <ex>icicles</ex> on the eaves of a house</as>.</def>

<h1>Icicled</h1>
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<hw>I"ci*cled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having icicles attached.</def>

<h1>Icily</h1>
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<hw>I"ci*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an icy manner; coldly.</def>

<blockquote>Faultily faultless, <b>icily</b> regular, splendidly null,
Dead perfection, no more.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Iciness</h1>
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<hw>I"ci*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being icy or very cold; frigidity.</def>

<h1>Icing</h1>
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<hw>I"cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coating or covering resembling ice, as of sugar and milk or white of egg; frosting.</def>

<h1>Ickle</h1>
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<hw>Ic"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ikil</ets>. See <er>Icicle</er>.]</ety> <def>An icicle.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Icon</h1>
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<hw>I"con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>An image or representation; a portrait or pretended portrait.</def>

<blockquote>Netherlands whose names and <b>icons</b> are published.
<i>Hakewill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Iconical</h1>
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<hw>I*con"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or consisting of, images, pictures, or representations of any kind.</def>

<h1>Iconism</h1>
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<hw>I"con*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>iconismus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to mold, delineate, fr. <?/ an image: cf. F. <ets>iconisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The formation of a figure, representation, or semblance; a delineation or description.</def>

<blockquote>Some kind of apish imitations, counterfeit <b>iconisms</b>.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Iconize</h1>
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<hw>I"con*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To form an image or likeness of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Iconoclasm</h1>
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<hw>I*con"o*clasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>iconoclasme</ets>. See <er>Iconoclast</er>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine or practice of the iconoclasts; image breaking.</def>

<h1>Iconoclast</h1>
<Xpage=724>

<hw>I*con"o*clast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ image + <?/ to break: cf. F. <ets>iconoclaste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A breaker or destroyer of images or idols; a determined enemy of idol worship.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who exposes or destroys impositions or shams; one who attacks cherished beliefs; a radical.</def>

<h1>Iconoclastic</h1>
<Xpage=724>

<hw>I*con`o*clas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the iconoclasts, or to image breaking.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Iconodule, Iconodulist</h1>
<Xpage=724>

<hw><hw>I*con"o*dule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>I*con"o*du`list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an image + <?/ a slave.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who serves images; -- opposed to an <i>iconoclast.</def>

<i>Schaff-Herzog Encyc.</i>

<h1>Iconographer</h1>
<Xpage=724>

<hw>I`co*nog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A maker of images.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Iconographic</h1>
<Xpage=724>

<hw>I*con`o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to iconography.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Representing by means of pictures or diagrams; <as>as, an <ex>icongraphic</ex> encyclop\'91dia</as>.</def>

<h1>Iconography</h1>
<Xpage=724>

<hw>I`co*nog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a sketch or description; <?/ an image + <?/ of describe: cf. F. <ets>iconographie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or representation by pictures or images; the description or study of portraiture or representation, as of persons; <as>as, the <ex>iconography</ex> of the ancients</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The study of representative art in general.</def>

<cs><col>Christian iconography</col>, <cd>the study of the representations in art of the Deity, the persons of the Trinity, angels, saints, virtues, vices, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Iconolater</h1>
<Xpage=724>

<hw>I`co*nol"a*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an image + <?/ to worship: cf. F. <ets>iconol\'83tre</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who worships images.</def>

<h1>Iconolatry</h1>
<Xpage=724>

<hw>I`co*nol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Iconolater</er>.]</ety> <def>The worship of images as symbols; -- distinguished from <i>idolatry</i>, the worship of images themselves.</def>

<h1>Iconology</h1>
<Xpage=724>

<hw>I`co*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ an image + <?/ discourse: cf. F. <ets>iconologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The discussion or description of portraiture or of representative images. Cf. <er>Iconography</er>.</def>

<h1>Iconomachy</h1>
<Xpage=724>

<hw>I`co*nom"a*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a war against images; <?/ an image + <?/ fight.]</ety> <def>Hostility to images as objects of worship.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Iconomical</h1>
<Xpage=724>

<hw>I`co*nom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ image + <?/ fight.]</ety> <def>Opposed to pictures or images as objects of worship.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Iconophilist</h1>
<Xpage=724>

<hw>I`co*noph"i*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an image + <?/ to love.]</ety> <def>A student, or lover of the study, of iconography.</def>

<h1>Icosahedral</h1>
<Xpage=724>

<hw>I`co*sa*he"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Icosahedron</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Having twenty equal sides or faces.</def>

<h1>Icosahedron</h1>
<Xpage=724>

<hw>I`co*sa*he"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ twenty + <?/ seat, base, fr. <?/ to sit.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A solid bounded by twenty sides or faces.</def>

<cs><col>Regular icosahedron</col>, <cd>one of the five regular polyhedrons, bounded by twenty equilateral triangules. Five triangules meet to form each solid angle of the polyhedron.</cd></cs>

<h1>Icosandria</h1>
<Xpage=724>

<hw>I`co*san"dri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ twenty +<?/, <?/, man, male: cf. F. <ets>icosandrie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an class of plants, having twenty or more stamens inserted in the calyx.</def>

<h1>Icosandrian, Icosandrous</h1>
<Xpage=724>

<hw><hw>I`co*san"dri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>I`co*san"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the class Icosandria; having twenty or more stamens inserted in the calyx.</def>

<h1>Icositetrahedron</h1>
<Xpage=724>

<hw>I`co*si*tet`ra*he"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ twenty + <?/, combining form of <?/ four + <?/ seat, base.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A twenty-four-sided solid; a tetragonal trisoctahedron or trapezohedron.</def>

<h1>-ics</h1>
<Xpage=724>

<hw>-ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A suffix used in forming the names of certain sciences, systems, etc., as acoust<i>ics</i>, mathemat<i>ics</i>, dynam<i>ics</i>, statist<i>ics</i>, polit<i>ics</i>, athlet<i>ics</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; The names sciences ending in <i>ics</i>, as <i>mathematics</i>, <i>mechanics</i>, <i>metaphysics</i>, <i>optics</i>, etc., are, with respect to their form, nouns in the plural number. The plural form was probably introduced to mark the complex nature of such sciences; and it may have been in imitation of the use of the Greek plurals <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, etc., to designate parts of Aristotle's writings. Previously to the present century, nouns ending in <i>ics</i> were construed with a verb or a pronoun in the plural; but it is now generally considered preferable to treat them as singular. In Greman we have <i>die Mathematik</i>, <i>die Mechanik</i>, etc., and in French <i>la metaphysique</i>, <i>la optique</i>, etc., corresponding to our <i>mathematics</i>, <i>mechanics</i>, <i>metaphysics</i>, <i>optics</i>, etc.

<blockquote><b>Mathematics have</b> for their object the consideration of whatever is capable of being numbered or measured.
<i>John Davidson.</i></blockquote>

The citations subjoined will serve as examples of the best present usage.

<blockquote>Ethics is the sciences of the laws which govern our actions as moral agents.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All parts of knowledge have their origin in <b>metaphysics</b>, and finally, perhaps, revolve into <b>it</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Mechanics</b>, like pure <b>mathematics</b>, may be geometrical, or may be analytical; that is, <b>it</b> may treat space either by a direct consideration of its properties, or by a symbolical representation.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>
</note>

<hr>
<page="725">
Page 725<p>

<h1>Icteric</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>Ic*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A remedy for the jaundice.</def>

<h1>Icteric, Icterical</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw><hw>Ic*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ic*ter"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ictericus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ jaundice: cf. F. <ets>ict\'82rique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or affected with, jaundice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Good against the jaundice.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Icteritious, Icteritous</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw><hw>Ic`ter*i"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ic*ter"i*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Yellow; of the color of the skin when it is affected by the jaundice.</def>

<h1>Icteroid</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>Ic"ter*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ jaundice + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of a tint resembling that produced by jaundice; yellow; <as>as, an <ex>icteroid</ex> tint or complexion</as>.</def>

<h1>Icterus</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>Ic"te*rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Icteric</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The jaundice.</def>

<h1>Ictic</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>Ic"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ictus</ets> blow.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or caused by, a blow; sudden; abrupt.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>H. Bushnell.</i>

<h1>Ictus</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>Ic"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>icere</ets>, <ets>ictum</ets>, to strike.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>The stress of voice laid upon accented syllable of a word. Cf. <er>Arsis</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A stroke or blow, as in a sunstroke, the sting of an insect, pulsation of an artery, etc.</def>

<h1>Icy</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I"cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Icier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Iciest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'c6sig</ets>. See <er>Ice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, resembling, or abounding in, ice; cold; frosty.</def> "<i>Icy</i> chains." <i>Shak</i>. "<i>Icy</i> region." <i>Boyle</i>. "<i>Icy</i> seas." <i>Pope</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by coldness, as of manner, influence, etc.; chilling; frigid; cold.</def>

<blockquote><b>Icy</b> was the deportment with which Philip received these demonstrations of affection.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Icy-pearled</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I"cy-pearl`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Spangled with ice.</def>

<blockquote>Mounting up in <b>icy-pearled</b> car.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>I'd</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I'd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A contraction from <i>I would</i> or <i>I had</i>.</def>

<h1>Id</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>Id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fresh-water cyprinoid fish (<spn>Leuciscus idus</spn> or <spn>Idus idus</spn>) of Europe. A domesticated variety, colored like the goldfish, is called <altname>orfe</altname> in Germany.</def>

<h1>Idalian</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I*da"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to <i>Idalium</i>, a mountain city in Cyprus, or to Venus, to whom it was sacred.</def> "<i>Idalian</i> Aphrodit\'82."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Ide</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>Ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Id</er>.</def>

<h1>-ide</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>-ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A suffix used to denote: <sd>(a)</sd> The <i>nonmetallic</i>, or <i>negative</i>, element or radical in a binary compound; <as>as, ox<ex>ide</ex>, sulph<ex>ide</ex>, chlor<ex>ide</ex></as>. <sd>(b)</sd> A compound which is an <i>anhydride</i>; <as>as, glycol<ex>ide</ex>, phthal<ex>ide</ex></as>. <sd>(c)</sd> Any one of a series of derivatives; <as>as, indogen<ex>ide</ex>, glucos<ex>ide</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Idea</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I*de"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ideas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>idea</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to see; akin to E. <ets>wit</ets>: cf. F. <ets>id\'82e</ets>. See <er>Wit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The transcript, image, or picture of a visible object, that is formed by the mind; also, a similar image of any object whatever, whether sensible or spiritual.</def>

<blockquote>Her sweet <b>idea</b> wandered through his thoughts.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Being the right <b>idea</b> of your father
Both in your form and nobleness of mind.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This representation or likeness of the object being transmitted from thence [the senses] to the imagination, and lodged there for the view and observation of the pure intellect, is aptly and properly called its <b>idea</b>.
<i>P. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A general notion, or a conception formed by generalization.</def>

<blockquote>Alice had not the slightest <b>idea</b> what latitude was.
<i>L. Caroll.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: Any object apprehended, conceived, or thought of, by the mind; a notion, conception, or thought; the real object that is conceived or thought of.</def>

<blockquote>Whatsoever the mind perceives in itself, or as the immediate object of perception, thought, or undersanding, that I call <b>idea</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A belief, option, or doctrine; a characteristic or controlling principle; <as>as, an essential <ex>idea</ex>; the <ex>idea</ex> of development.</as></def>

<blockquote>That fellow seems to me to possess but one <b>idea</b>, and that is a wrong one.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What is now "<b>idea</b>" for us? How infinite the fall of this word, since the time where Milton sang of the Creator contemplating his newly-created world, -
"how it showed . . .
Answering his great <b>idea</b>," -
to its present use, when this person "has an <b>idea</b> that the train has started," and the other "had no <b>idea</b> that the dinner would be so bad!"
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A plan or purpose of action; intention; design.</def>

<blockquote>I shortly afterwards set off for that capital, with an <b>idea</b> of undertaking while there the translation of the work.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A rational conception; the complete conception of an object when thought of in all its essential elements or constituents; the necessary metaphysical or constituent attributes and relations, when conceived in the abstract.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A fiction object or picture created by the imagination; the same when proposed as a pattern to be copied, or a standard to be reached; one of the archetypes or patterns of created things, conceived by the Platonists to have excited objectively from eternity in the mind of the Deity.</def>

<blockquote>Thence to behold this new-created world,
The addition of his empire, how it showed
In prospect from his throne, how good, how fair,
Answering his great <b>idea</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; "In England, Locke may be said to have been the first who naturalized the term in its Cartesian universality. When, in common language, employed by Milton and Dryden, after Descartes, as before him by Sidney, Spenser, Shakespeare, Hooker, etc., the meaning is Platonic."</note>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Abstract idea</col>, <col>Association of ideas</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Abstract</er>, <er>Association</er>, etc.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Notion; conception; thought; sentiment; fancy; image; perception; impression; opinion; belief; observation; judgment; consideration; view; design; intention; purpose; plan; model; pattern. There is scarcely any other word which is subjected to such abusive treatment as is the word <i>idea</i>, in the very general and indiscriminative way in which it is employed, as it is used variously to signify almost any act, state, or content of thought.</syn>

<h1>Ideal</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I*de"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>idealis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>id\'82al</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Existing in idea or thought; conceptional; intellectual; mental; <as>as, <ex>ideal</ex> knowledge</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reaching an imaginary standard of excellence; fit for a model; faultless; <as>as, <ex>ideal</ex> beauty</as>.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<blockquote>There will always be a wide interval between practical and <b>ideal</b> excellence.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Existing in fancy or imagination only; visionary; unreal.</def> "Planning <i>ideal</i> common wealth."

<i>Southey.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Teaching the doctrine of idealism; <as>as, the <ex>ideal</ex> theory or philosophy</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Imaginary.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Intellectual; mental; visionary; fanciful; imaginary; unreal; impracticable; utopian.</syn>

<h1>Ideal</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I*de"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mental conception regarded as a standard of perfection; a model of excellence, beauty, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>ideal</b> is to be attained by selecting and assembling in one whole the beauties and perfections which are usually seen in different individuals, excluding everything defective or unseemly, so as to form a type or model of the species. Thus, the Apollo Belvedere is the <b>ideal</b> of the beauty and proportion of the human frame.
<i>Fleming.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Beau ideal</col>. <cd>See <er>Beau ideal</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Idealess</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I*de"a*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of an idea.</def>

<h1>Idealism</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I*de"al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>id\'82alisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being ideal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conception of the ideal; imagery.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The system or theory that denies the existence of material bodies, and teaches that we have no rational grounds to believe in the reality of anything but ideas and their relations.</def>

<h1>Idealist</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I*de"al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>id\'82aliste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who idealizes; one who forms picturesque fancies; one given to romantic expectations.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who holds the doctrine of idealism.</def>

<h1>Idealistic</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I*de`al*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to idealists or their theories.</def>

<h1>Ideality</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I`de*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Idealities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being ideal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The capacity to form ideals of beauty or perfection.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>The conceptive faculty.</def>

<h1>Idealization</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I*de`al*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of idealizing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The representation of natural objects, scenes, etc., in such a way as to show their most important characteristics; the study of the ideal.</def>

<h1>Idealize</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I*de"al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Idealized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Idealizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make ideal; to give an ideal form or value to; to attribute ideal characteristics and excellences to; <as>as, to <ex>idealize</ex> real life</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>To treat in an ideal manner. See <er>Idealization</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Idealize</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I*de"al*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>id\'82aliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To form ideals.</def>

<h1>Idealizer</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I*de"al*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An idealist.</def>

<h1>Ideally</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I*de"al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ideal manner; by means of ideals; mentally.</def>

<h1>Idealogic</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I*de`a*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an idealogue, or to idealization.</def>

<h1>Idealogue</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I*de"a*logue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Idea</ets> + -<ets>logue</ets>, as in theo<ets>logue</ets>: cf. F. <ets>id\'82ologue</ets>.]</ety> <def>One given to fanciful ideas or theories; a theorist; a spectator.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Ideat, Ideate</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw><hw>I*de"at</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>I*de"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>ideatum</ets>. See <er>Idea</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The actual existence supposed to correspond with an idea; the correlate in real existence to the idea as a thought or existence.</def>

<h1>Ideate</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I*de"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form in idea; to fancy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>ideated</b> man . . . as he stood in the intellect of God.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To apprehend in thought so as to fix and hold in the mind; to memorize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ideation</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I`de*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The faculty or capacity of the mind for forming ideas; the exercise of this capacity; the act of the mind by which objects of sense are apprehended and retained as objects of thought.</def>

<blockquote>The whole mass of residua which have been accumulated . . . all enter now into the process of <b>ideation</b>.
<i>J. D. Morell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ideational</h1>
<Xpage=725>

<hw>I`de*a"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, ideation.</def>

<blockquote>Certain sensational or <b>ideational</b> stimuli.
<i>Blackw. Mag.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Idem</h1>
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<hw>I"dem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron. &or; adj.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>The same; the same as above; -- often abbreviated <altname>id.</altname></def>

<h1>Identic</h1>
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<hw>I*den"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Identical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Identical</h1>
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<hw>I*den"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>identique</ets>. See <er>Identity</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The same; the selfsame; the very same; not different; <as>as, the <ex>identical</ex> person or thing</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I can not remember a thing that happened a year ago, without a conviction . . . that I, the same <b>identical</b> person who now remember that event, did then exist.
<i>Reid.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Uttering sameness or the same truth; expressing in the predicate what is given, or obviously implied, in the subject; tautological.</def>

<blockquote>When you say body is solid, I say that you make an <b>identical</b> proposition, because it is impossible to have the idea of body without that of solidity.
<i>Fleming.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Identical equation</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>an equation which is true for all values of the algebraic symbols which enter into it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Identically</h1>
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<hw>I*den"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an identical manner; with respect to identity.</def> "<i>Identically</i> the same." <i>Bp. Warburton</i>. "<i>Identically</i> different." <i>Ross</i>.

<h1>Identicalness</h1>
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<hw>I*den"tic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being identical; sameness.</def>

<h1>Identifiable</h1>
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<hw>I*den"ti*fi`a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being identified.</def>

<h1>Identification</h1>
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<hw>I*den`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>identification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of identifying, or proving to be the same; also, the state of being identified.</def>

<h1>Identify</h1>
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<hw>I*den"ti*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Identified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Identifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>identifier</ets>. See <er>Identity</er>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make to be the same; to unite or combine in such a manner as to make one; to treat as being one or having the same purpose or effect; to consider as the same in any relation.</def>

<blockquote>Every precaution is taken to <b>identify</b> the interests of the people and of the rulers.
<i>D. Ramsay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let us <b>identify</b>, let us incorporate ourselves with the people.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To establish the identity of; to prove to be the same with something described, claimed, or asserted; <as>as, to <ex>identify</ex> stolen property</as>.</def>

<h1>Identify</h1>
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<hw>I*den"ti*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become the same; to coalesce in interest, purpose, use, effect, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<blockquote>An enlightened self-interest, which, when well understood, they tell us will <b>identify</b> with an interest more enlarged and public.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Identism</h1>
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<hw>I*den"tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Identity</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The doctrine taught by Schelling, that matter and mind, and subject and object, are identical in the Absolute; -- called also the <altname>system &or; doctrine of identity</altname>.</def>

<h1>Identity</h1>
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<hw>I*den"ti*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Identities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>identit\'82</ets>, LL. <ets>identitas</ets>, fr. L. <ets>idem</ets> the same, from the root of <ets>is</ets> he, that; cf. Skr. <ets>idam</ets> this. Cf. <er>Item</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being identical, or the same; sameness.</def>

<blockquote><b>Identity</b> is a relation between our cognitions of a thing, not between things themselves.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The condition of being the same with something described or asserted, or of possessing a character claimed; <as>as, to establish the <ex>identity</ex> of stolen goods</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An identical equation.</def>

<h1>Ideo-</h1>
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<hw>I"de*o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A combining form from the Gr. <?/, an <i>idea</i>.</def>

<h1>Ideogenical</h1>
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<hw>I`de*o*gen"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to ideology.</def>

<h1>Ideogeny</h1>
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<hw>I`de*og"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ideo-</ets> + -<ets>geny</ets>, from the same root as Gr. <?/, birth: cf. F. <ets>id\'82og\'82nie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the origin of ideas.</def>

<h1>Ideogram</h1>
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<hw>I*de"o*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ideo-</ets> + -<ets>gram</ets>; cf. F. <ets>id\'82ograme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An original, pictorial element of writing; a kind of hieroglyph expressing no sound, but only an idea.</def>

<blockquote><b>Ideograms</b> may be defined to be pictures intended to represent either things or thoughts.
<i>I. Taylor (The Alphabet).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You might even have a history without language written or spoken, by means of <b>ideograms</b> and gesture.
<i>J. Peile.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A symbol used for convenience, or for abbreviation; <as>as, 1, 2, 3, +, -, <?/, $, <?/, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A phonetic symbol; a letter.</def>

<h1>Ideograph</h1>
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<hw>I*de"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ideogram</er>.</def>

<h1>Ideographic, Ideographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>I`de*o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>I`de*o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>id\'82ographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an ideogram; representing ideas by symbols, independently of sounds; <as>as, 9 represents not the word "nine," but the <ex>idea</ex> of the number itself</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>I`de*o*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ideographics</h1>
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<hw>I`de*o*graph"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The system of writing in ideographic characters; also, anything so written.</def>

<h1>Ideography</h1>
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<hw>I`de*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The representation of ideas independently of sounds, or in an ideographic manner, as sometimes is done in shorthand writing, etc.</def>

<h1>Ideological</h1>
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<hw>I`de*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>id\'82ologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to ideology.</def>

<h1>Ideologist</h1>
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<hw>I`de*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who treats of ideas; one who theorizes or idealizes; one versed in the science of ideas, or who advocates the doctrines of ideology.</def>


<-- idealogue n. one who adheres to an ideology -->

<h1>Ideology</h1>
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<hw>I`de*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ideo-</ets> + -<ets>logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>id\'82ologie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science of ideas.</def>

<i>Stewart.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>A theory of the origin of ideas which derives them exclusively from sensation.</def>

<note>&hand; By a double blunder in philosophy and Greek, <i>id\'82ologie</i> . . . has in France become the name peculiarly distinctive of that philosophy of mind which exclusively derives our knowledge from sensation.</note>
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<-- a set of theories and beliefs about sociopolitical goals and methods to attain them; in common usage, such a set of beliefs so strongly held by their adherents as to cause them to ignore evidence against such beliefs, and thus fall into error -- hence a negative trait; contrasted to pragmatism, and distinct from idealism -->

<h1>Ideo-motion</h1>
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<hw>I`de*o-mo"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An ideo-motor movement.</def>

<h1>Ideo-motor</h1>
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<hw>I`de*o-mo"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ideo-</ets> + <ets>motor</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Applied to those actions, or muscular movements, which are automatic expressions of dominant ideas, rather than the result of distinct volitional efforts, as the act of expressing the thoughts in speech, or in writing, while the mind is occupied in the composition of the sentence.</def>

<i>Carpenter.</i>

<h1>Ides</h1>
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<hw>Ides</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>idus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ides</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Rom. Calendar)</fld> <def>The fifteenth day of March, May, July, and October, and the thirteenth day of the other months.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>ides</b> of March remember.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Eight days in each month often pass by this name, but only one strictly receives it, the others being called respectively the day before the <i>ides</i>, and so on, backward, to the eightth from the <i>ides</i>.</note>

<h1>Idio-</h1>
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<hw>Id"i*o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A combining form from the Greek <?/, meaning <i>private</i>, <i>personal</i>, <i>peculiar</i>, <i>distinct</i>.</def>

<h1>Idioblast</h1>
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<hw>Id"i*o*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ideo-</ets> + -<ets>blast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An individual cell, differing greatly from its neighbours in regard to size, structure, or contents.</def>

<h1>Idiocrasis</h1>
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<hw>Id`i*o*cra"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Idiocracy.</def>

<h1>Idiocracy</h1>
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<hw>Id`i*oc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Idiocrasies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Idio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a mixture, fr. <?/ to mix: cf. F. <ets>idiocrasie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Peculiarity of constitution; that temperament, or state of constitution, which is peculiar to a person; idiosyncrasy.</def>

<h1>Idiocratic, Idiocratical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Id`i*o*crat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Id`i*o*crat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Peculiar in constitution or temperament; idiosyncratic.</def>

<h1>Idiocy</h1>
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<hw>Id"i*o*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>idiot</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ uncouthness, want of education, fr. <?/. See <er>Idiot</er>, and cf. <er>Idiotcy</er>.]</ety> <def>The condition or quality of being an idiot; absence, or marked deficiency, of sense and intelligence.</def>

<blockquote>I will undertake to convict a man of <b>idiocy</b>, if he can not see the proof that three angles of a triangle are equal to two right angles.
<i>F. W. Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Idiocyclophanous</h1>
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<hw>Id`i*o*cy*cloph"a*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Idio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ circle + <?/ to appear.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Idiophanous</er>.</def>

<h1>Idioelectric</h1>
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<hw>Id`i*o*e*lec"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Idio-</ets> + <ets>electric</ets>: cf. F. <ets>idio\'82lectrique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Electric by virtue of its own peculiar properties; capable of becoming electrified by friction; -- opposed to <i>anelectric</i>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An idioelectric substance.</def></def2>

<h1>Idiograph</h1>
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<hw>Id"i*o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ autographic; <?/ one's own + <?/ to write.]</ety> <def>A mark or signature peculiar to an individual; a trade-mark.</def>

<hr>
<page="726">
Page 726<p>

<h1>Idiographic, Idiographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Id`i*o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Id`i*o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an idiograph.</def>

<h1>Idiolatry</h1>
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<hw>Id`i*ol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Idio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to worship.]</ety> <def>Self-worship; excessive self-esteem.</def>

<h1>Idiom</h1>
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<hw>Id"i*om</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>idiome</ets>, L. <ets>idioma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to make a person's own, to make proper or peculiar; prob. akin to the reflexive pronoun <?/, <?/, <?/, and to <?/, <?/, one's own, L. <ets>suus</ets>, and to E. <ets>so</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The syntactical or structural form peculiar to any language; the genius or cast of a language.</def>

<blockquote><b>Idiom</b> may be employed loosely and figuratively as a synonym of language or dialect, but in its proper sense it signifies the totality of the general rules of construction which characterize the syntax of a particular language and distinguish it from other tongues.
<i>G. P. Marsh.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By <b>idiom</b> is meant the use of words which is peculiar to a particular language.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He followed their language [the Latin], but did not comply with the <b>idiom</b> of ours.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An expression conforming or appropriate to the peculiar structural form of a language; in extend use, an expression sanctioned by usage, having a sense peculiar to itself and not agreeing with the logical sense of its structural form; also, the phrase forms peculiar to a particular author.</def>

<blockquote>Some that with care true eloquence shall teach,
And to just <b>idioms</b> fix our doubtful speech.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sometimes we identify the words with the object -- though be courtesy of <b>idiom</b> rather than in strict propriety of language.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Every good writer has much <b>idiom</b>.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is not by means of rules that such <b>idioms</b> as the following are made current: "I can <b>make nothing</b> of it." "He <b>treats</b> his subject <b>home</b>."  <b>Dryden</b>. "It is that within us that <b>makes for</b> righteousness." <b>M</b>.<b>Arnold</b>.
<i>Gostwick (Eng. Gram. )</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Dialect; a variant form of a language.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Dialect.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Idiom</er>, <er>Dialect</er>. The <i>idioms</i> of a language belong to its very structure; its <i>dialects</i> are varieties of expression ingrafted upon it in different localities or by different professions. Each county of England has some peculiarities of <i>dialect</i>, and so have most of the professions, while the great <i>idioms</i> of the language are everywhere the same. See <er>Language</er>.</usage>

<h1>Idiomatic, Idiomatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Id`i*o*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Id`i*o*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to, or conforming to, the mode of expression peculiar to a language; <as>as, an <ex>idiomatic</ex> meaning; an <ex>idiomatic</ex> phrase.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Id`i*o*mat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Idiomorphic</h1>
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<hw>Id`i*o*morph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Idiomorphous.</def>

<h1>Idiomorphous</h1>
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<hw>Id`i*o*morph"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of peculiar form; <?/ peculiar + <?/ form.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a form of its own.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Apperaing in distinct crystals; -- said of the mineral constituents of a rock.</def>

<h1>Idiomuscular</h1>
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<hw>Id`i*o*mus"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Idio-</ets> + <ets>muscular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Applied to a semipermanent contraction of a muscle, produced by a mechanical irritant.</def>

<h1>Idiopathetic</h1>
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<hw>Id`i*o*pa*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Idiopathic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Idiopathic, Idiopathical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Id`i*o*path"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Id`i*o*path"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>idiopathique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to idiopathy; characterizing a disease arising primarily, and not in consequence of some other disease or injury; -- opposed to <i>symptomatic</i>, <i>sympathetic</i>, and <i>traumatic</i>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Id`i*o*path"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Idiopathy</h1>
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<hw>Id`i*op"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Idiopathies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ proper, peculiar + <?/, <?/, to suffer: cf. F. <ets>idiopathie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A peculiar, or individual, characteristic or affection.</def>

<blockquote>All men are so full of their own fancies and <b>idiopathies</b>, that they scarce have the civility to interchange any words with a stranger.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid state or condition not preceded or occasioned by any other disease; a primary disease.</def>

<h1>Idiophanous</h1>
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<hw>Id`i*oph"a*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Idio-</ets> + <?/ to appear.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Exhibiting interference figures without the aid of a polariscope, as certain crystals.</def>

<h1>Idioplasm</h1>
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<hw>Id"i*o*plasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Idioplasma</er>.</def>

<h1>Idioplasma</h1>
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<hw>Id`i*o*plas"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ proper, peculiar + <?/ a form, mold.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That portion of the cell protoplasm which is the seat of all active changes, and which carries on the function of hereditary transmission; -- distinguished from the other portion, which is termed <i>nutritive plasma</i>. See <er>Hygroplasm</er>.</def>
<-- any modern equivalent?  The chromosome/ Genome? -->

<h1>Idiorepulsive</h1>
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<hw>Id`i*o*re*pul"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Idio-</ets> + <ets>repulsive</ets>.]</ety> <def>Repulsive by itself; <as>as, the <ex>idiorepulsive</ex> power of heat</as>.</def>

<h1>Idiosyncrasy</h1>
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<hw>Id`i*o*syn"cra*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Idiosyncrasies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ proper, peculiar + <?/ a mixing together, fr. <?/ to mix together; <?/ with + <?/ to mix: cf. F. <ets>idiosyncrasie</ets>. See <er>Idiom</er>, and <er>Crasis</er>.]</ety> <def>A peculiarity of physical or mental constitution or temperament; a characteristic belonging to, and distinguishing, an individual; characteristic susceptibility; idiocrasy; eccentricity.</def>

<blockquote>The individual mind . . . takes its tone from the <b>idiosyncrasies</b> of the body.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Idiosyncratic, Idiosyncratical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Id`i*o*syn*crat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Id`i*o*syn*crat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of peculiar temper or disposition; belonging to one's peculiar and individual character.</def>

<h1>Idiot</h1>
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<hw>Id"i*ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>idiot</ets>, L. <ets>idiota</ets> an uneducated, ignorant, ill-informed person, Gr. <?/, also and orig., a private person, not holding public office, fr. <?/ proper, peculiar. See <er>Idiom</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A man in private station, as distinguished from one holding a public office.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>St. Austin affirmed that the plain places of Scripture are sufficient to all laics, and all <b>idiots</b> or private persons.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An unlearned, ignorant, or simple person, as distinguished from the educated; an ignoramus.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Christ was received of <b>idiots</b>, of the vulgar people, and of the simpler sort, while he was rejected, despised, and persecuted even to death by the high priests, lawyers, scribes, doctors, and rabbis.
<i>C. Blount.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A human being destitute of the ordinary intellectual powers, whether congenital, developmental, or accidental; commonly, a person without understanding from birth; a natural fool; a natural; an innocent.</def>

<blockquote>Life . . . is a tale
Told by an <b>idiot</b>, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A fool; a simpleton; -- a term of reproach.</def>

<blockquote>Weenest thou make an <b>idiot</b> of our dame?
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Idiotcy</h1>
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<hw>Id"i*ot*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Idiocy</er>.]</ety> <def>Idiocy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Idioted</h1>
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<hw>Id"i*ot*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rendered idiotic; befooled.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Idiothermic</h1>
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<hw>Id`i*o*ther"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Idio-</ets> + <ets>thermic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Self-heating; warmed, as the body of animal, by process going on within itself.</def>

<h1>Idiotic, Idiotical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Id`i*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Id`i*ot"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>idioticus</ets> ignorant, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>idiotique</ets>. See <er>Idiot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Common; simple.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blackwall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or like, an idiot; characterized by idiocy; foolish; fatuous; <as>as, an <ex>idiotic</ex> person, speech, laugh, or action</as>.</def>

<h1>Idiotically</h1>
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<hw>Id`i*ot"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a idiotic manner.</def>

<h1>Idioticon</h1>
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<hw>Id`i*ot"i*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ belonging to a private man, private. See <er>Idiot</er>.]</ety> <def>A dictionary of a peculiar dialect, or of the words and phrases peculiar to one part of a country; a glossary.</def>

<h1>Idiotish</h1>
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<hw>Id"i*ot*ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like an idiot; foolish.</def>

<h1>Idiotism</h1>
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<hw>Id"i*ot*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>idiotisme</ets>, L. <ets>idiotismus</ets> the way of fashion of a private person, the common or vulgar manner of speaking, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to put into or use common language, fr. <?/. See <er>Idiot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An idiom; a form, mode of expression, or signification, peculiar to a language.</def>

<blockquote>Scholars sometimes give terminations and <b>idiotisms</b>, suitable to their native language, unto words newly invented.
<i>M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lack of knowledge or mental capacity; idiocy; foolishness.</def>

<blockquote>Worse than mere ignorance or <b>idiotism</b>.
<i>Shaftesbury.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The running that adventure is the greatist <b>idiotism</b>.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Idiotize</h1>
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<hw>Id"i*ot*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become stupid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Idiotry</h1>
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<hw>Id"i*ot*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Idiocy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Idle</h1>
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<hw>I"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Idler</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Idlest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>idel</ets>, AS. <ets>\'c6del</ets> vain, empty, useless; akin to OS. <ets>\'c6dal</ets>, D. <ets>ijdel</ets>, OHG. <ets>\'c6tal</ets> vain, empty, mere, G. <ets>eitel</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>idel</ets> mere, pure, and prob. to Gr. <?/ clear, pure, <?/ to burn. Cf. <er>Ether</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of no account; useless; vain; trifling; unprofitable; thoughtless; silly; barren.</def> "Deserts <i>idle</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Every <b>idle</b> word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment.
<i>Matt. xii. 36.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Down their <b>idle</b> weapons dropped.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This <b>idle</b> story became important.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not called into active service; not turned to appropriate use; unemployed; <as>as, <ex>idle</ex> hours</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>idle</b> spear and shield were high uphing.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not employed; unoccupied with business; inactive; doing nothing; <as>as, <ex>idle</ex> workmen</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Why stand ye here all the day <b>idle</b>?
<i>Matt. xx. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Given rest and ease; averse to labor or employment; lazy; slothful; <as>as, an <ex>idle</ex> fellow</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Light-headed; foolish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ford.</i>

<cs><col>Idle pulley</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a pulley that rests upon a belt to tighten it; a pulley that only guides a belt and is not used to transmit power.</cd> -- <col>Idle wheel</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a gear wheel placed between two others, to transfer motion from one to the other without changing the direction of revolution.</cd> -- <col>In idle</col>, <cd>in vain. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "God saith, thou shalt not take the name of thy Lord God <i>in idle<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Unoccupied; unemployed; vacant; inactive; indolent; sluggish; slothful; useless; ineffectual; futile; frivolous; vain; trifling; unprofitable; unimportant.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Idle</er>, <er>Indolent</er>, <er>Lazy</er>. A propensity to inaction is expressed by each of these words; they differ in the cause and degree of this characteristic. <i>Indolent</i> denotes an habitual love to ease, a settled dislike of movement or effort; <i>idle</i> is opposed to <i>busy</i>, and denotes a dislike of <i>continuous</i> exertion. <i>Lazy</i> is a stronger and more contemptuous term than <i>indolent</i>.</usage>

<h1>Idle</h1>
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<hw>I"dle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Idled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Idling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To lose or spend time in inaction, or without being employed in business.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Idle</h1>
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<hw>I"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To spend in idleness; to waste; to consume; -- often followed by <i>away</i>; <as>as, to <ex>idle</ex> away an hour a day</as>.</def>

<h1>Idle-headed</h1>
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<hw>I"dle-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Foolish; stupid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The superstitious <i>idle-headed</i> eld."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Delirious; infatuated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Idleness</h1>
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<hw>I"dle*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'c6delnes</ets>.]</ety> <def>The condition or quality of being idle (in the various senses of that word); uselessness; fruitlessness; triviality; inactivity; laziness.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Inaction; indolence; sluggishness; sloth.</syn>

<h1>Idle-pated</h1>
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<hw>I"dle-pat`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Idle-headed; stupid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Idler</h1>
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<hw>I"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who idles; one who spends his time in inaction; a lazy person; a sluggard.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One who has constant day duties on board ship, and keeps no regular watch.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>An idle wheel or pulley. See under <er>Idle</er>.</def>

<h1>Idless, Idlesse</h1>
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<hw><hw>I"dless</hw>, <hw>I"dlesse</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Idleness.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "In <i>ydlesse</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>And an <b>idlesse</b> all the day
Beside a wandering stream.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Idly</h1>
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<hw>I"dly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a idle manner; ineffectually; vainly; lazily; carelessly; (<mark>Obs.</mark>) foolishly.</def>

<h1>Idocrase</h1>
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<hw>Id"o*crase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ form + <?/ mixture, Fr. <?/ to mix; cf. F. <ets>idocrase</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Vesuvianite</er>.</def>

<h1>Idol</h1>
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<hw>I"dol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>idole</ets>, F. <ets>idole</ets>, L. <ets>idolum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ that which is seen, the form, shape, figure, fr. <?/ to see. See <er>Wit</er>, and cf. <er>Eidolon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An image or representation of anything.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Do her adore with sacred reverence,
As th' <b>idol</b> of her maker's great magnificence.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An image of a divinity; a representation or symbol of a deity or any other being or thing, made or used as an object of worship; a similitude of a false god.</def>

<blockquote>That they should not worship devils, and <b>idols</b> of gold.
<i>Rev. ix. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That on which the affections are strongly (often excessively) set; an object of passionate devotion; a person or thing greatly loved or adored.</def>

<blockquote>The soldier's god and people's <b>idol</b>.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A false notion or conception; a fallacy.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>idols</b> of preconceived opinion.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Idolastre</h1>
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<hw>I`do*las"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE., for <ets>idolatre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An idolater.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Idolater</h1>
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<hw>I*dol"a*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>idol\'83tre</ets>: cf. L. <ets>idololatres</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Idolatry</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A worshiper of idols; one who pays divine honors to images, statues, or representations of anything made by hands; one who worships as a deity that which is not God; a pagan.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An adorer; a great admirer.</def>

<blockquote>Jonson was an <b>idolater</b> of the ancients.
<i>Bp. Hurd.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Idolatress</h1>
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<hw>I*dol"a*tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female worshiper of idols.</def>

<h1>Idolatrical</h1>
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<hw>I`do*lat"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>idol\'83trique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Idolatrous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Idolatrize</h1>
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<hw>I*dol"a*trize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Idolatrized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Idolatrizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To worship idols; to pay idolatrous worship.</def>

<h1>Idolatrize</h1>
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<hw>I*dol"a*trize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make in idol of; to idolize.</def>

<h1>Idolatrous</h1>
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<hw>I*dol"a*trous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to idolatry; partaking of the nature of idolatry; given to idolatry or the worship of false gods; <as>as, <ex>idolatrous</ex> sacrifices</as>.</def>

<blockquote>[Josiah] put down the <b>idolatrous</b> priests.
<i>2 Kings xxiii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting in, or partaking of, an excessive attachment or reverence; <as>as, an <ex>idolatrous</ex> veneration for antiquity</as>.</def>

<h1>Idolatrously</h1>
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<hw>I*dol"a*trous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a idolatrous manner.</def>

<h1>Idolatry</h1>
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<hw>I*dol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Idolatries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>idol\'83trie</ets>, LL. <ets>idolatria</ets>, L. <ets>idololatria</ets>, Fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ idol + <?/ service.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The worship of idols, images, or anything which is not God; the worship of false gods.</def>

<blockquote>His eye surveyed the dark <b>idolatries</b>
Of alienated Judah.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Excessive attachment or veneration for anything; respect or love which borders on adoration.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Idolish</h1>
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<hw>I"dol*ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Idolatrous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Idolism</h1>
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<hw>I"dol*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The worship of idols.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Idolist</h1>
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<hw>I"dol*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A worshiper of idols.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Idolize</h1>
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<hw>I"dol*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Idolized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Idolizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make an idol of; to pay idolatrous worship to; <as>as, to <ex>idolize</ex> the sacred bull in Egypt</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To love to excess; to love or reverence to adoration; <as>as, to <ex>idolize</ex> gold, children, a hero</as>.</def>

<h1>Idolize</h1>
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<hw>I"dol*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To practice idolatry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>idolize</b> after the manner of Egypt.
<i>Fairbairn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Idolizer</h1>
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<hw>I"dol*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who idolizes or loves to the point of reverence; an idolater.</def>

<h1>Idoloclast</h1>
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<hw>I*dol"o*clast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ idol + <?/ to break.]</ety> <def>A breaker of idols; an iconoclast.</def>

<h1>Idolographical</h1>
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<hw>I*dol`o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Idol</ets> + -<ets>graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>Descriptive of idols.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Idolous</h1>
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<hw>I"dol*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Idolatrous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Idoneous</h1>
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<hw>I*do"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>idoneus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Appropriate; suitable; proper; fit; adequate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>An ecclesiastical benefice . . . ought to be conferred on an <b>idoneous</b> person.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Idorgan</h1>
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<hw>Id*or"gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ form + E. <ets>organ</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A morphological unit, consisting of two or more plastids, which does not possess the positive character of the person or stock, in distinction from the physiological organ or <i>biorgan</i>. See <er>Morphon</er>.</def>

<h1>Idrialine, Idrialite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Id"ri*a*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Id"ri*a*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>idrialine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A bituminous substance obtained from the mercury mines of <i>Idria</i>, where it occurs mixed with cinnabar.</def>

<h1>Idumean</h1>
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<hw>Id`u*me"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ancient <i>Idumea</i>, or Edom, in Western Asia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An inhabitant of Idumea, an Edomite.</def></def2>

<h1>Idyl</h1>
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<hw>I"dyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>idyllium</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ form; literally, a little form of image: cf. F. <ets>idylle</ets>. See <er>Idol</er>.]</ety> <def>A short poem; properly, a short pastoral poem; <as>as, the <ex>idyls</ex> of Theocritus</as>; also, any poem, especially a narrative or descriptive poem, written in an eleveted and highly finished style; also, by extension, any artless and easily flowing description, either in poetry or prose, of simple, rustic life, of pastoral scenes, and the like.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>idyll</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Wordsworth's solemn-thoughted <b>idyl</b>.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His [Goldsmith's] lovely <b>idyl</b> of the Vicar's home.
<i>F. Harrison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Idyllic</h1>
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<hw>I*dyl"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or belonging to idyls.</def>

<h1>I. e.</h1>
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<hw>I. e.</hw> <def>Abbreviation of Latin <i>id est</i>, that is.</def>

<h1>If</h1>
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<hw>If</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>if</ets>, <ets>gif</ets>, AS. <ets>gif</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>ief</ets>, <ets>gef</ets>, <ets>ef</ets>, OS. <ets>ef</ets>, <ets>of</ets>, D. <ets>of</ets>, or, whether, if, G. <ets>ob</ets> whether, if, OHG. <ets>oba</ets>, <ets>ibu</ets>, Icel. <ets>ef</ets>, Goth. <ets>iba</ets>, <ets>ibai</ets>, an interrogative particle; properly a case form of a noun meaning, doubt (cf. OHG. <ets>iba</ets> doubt, condition, Icel. <ets>if</ets>, <ets>ef</ets>, <ets>ifi</ets>, <ets>efi</ets>), and therefore orig. meaning, on condition that.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In case that; granting, allowing, or supposing that; -- introducing a condition or supposition.</def>

<blockquote>Tisiphone, that oft hast heard my prayer,
Assist, <b>if</b> \'d1dipus deserve thy care.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>If</b> thou be the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread.
<i>Matt. iv. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Whether; -- in dependent questions.</def>

<blockquote>Uncertain <b>if</b> by augury or chance.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She doubts <b>if</b> two and two make four.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>As if</col>, <col>But if</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>As</er>, <er>But</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>I' faith</h1>
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<hw>I' faith"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. In faith; indeed; truly.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<hr>
<page="727">
Page 727<p>

<h1>Ifere</h1>
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<hw>I*fere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>in fere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Igasuric</h1>
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<hw>Ig`a*su"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Igasurine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, nux vomica or St. Ignatius's bean; <as>as, <ex>igasuric</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Igasurine</h1>
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<hw>Ig`a*su"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>igasura</ets> the nux vomica.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid found in nux vomica, and extracted as a white crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Igloo</h1>
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<hw>Ig"loo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An Eskimo snow house.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cavity, or excavation, made in the snow by a seal, over its breathing hole in the ice.</def>

<h1>Ignatius bean</h1>
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<hw>Ig*na"tius bean`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Saint Ignatius's bean</cref>, under <er>Saint</er>.</def>

<h1>Igneous</h1>
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<hw>Ig"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>igneus</ets>, fr. <ets>ignis</ets> fire; allied to Skr. <ets>agni</ets>, Lith. <ets>ugnis</ets>, OSlav. <ets>ogne</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, having the nature of, fire; containing fire; resembling fire; <as>as, an <ex>igneous</ex> appearance</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Resulting from, or produced by, the action of fire; <as>as, lavas and basalt are <ex>igneous</ex> rocks</as>.</def>

<h1>Ignescent</h1>
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<hw>Ig*nes"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ignescens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>ignescere</ets> to become inflamed, fr. <ets>ignis</ets> fire: cf. F. <ets>ignescent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Emitting sparks of fire when struck with steel; scintillating; <as>as, <ex>ignescent</ex> stones</as>.</def>

<h1>Ignicolist</h1>
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<hw>Ig*nic"o*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ignis</ets> fire + <ets>colere</ets> to worship.]</ety> <def>A worshiper of fire.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Igniferous</h1>
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<hw>Ig*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ignifer</ets>; <ets>ignis</ets> fire + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Producing fire.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Ignifluous</h1>
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<hw>Ig*nif"lu*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ignifluus</ets>; <ets>ignis</ets> fire + <ets>fluere</ets> to flow.]</ety> <def>Flowing with fire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockerman.</i>

<h1>Ignify</h1>
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<hw>Ig"ni*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ignified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ignifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>ignis</ets> fire + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To form into fire.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Stukeley.</i>

<h1>Ignigenous</h1>
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<hw>Ig*nig"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ignigenus</ets>; <ets>ignis</ets> fire + <ets>genere</ets>, <ets>ginere</ets>, to beget, produce.]</ety> <def>Produced by the action of fire, as lava.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ignipotence</h1>
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<hw>Ig*nip"o*tence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Power over fire.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ignipotent</h1>
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<hw>Ig*nip"o*tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ignipotens</ets>; <ets>ignis</ets> fire + <ets>potens</ets> powerful.]</ety> <def>Presiding over fire; also, fiery.</def>

<blockquote>Vulcan is called the powerful <b>ignipotent</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ignis fatuus</h1>
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<hw>Ig"nis fat"u*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ignes fatui</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>ignis</ets> fire + <ets>fatuus</ets> foolish. So called in allusion to its tendency to mislead travelers.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A phosphorescent light that appears, in the night, over marshy ground, supposed to be occasioned by the decomposition of animal or vegetable substances, or by some inflammable gas; -- popularly called also <altname>Will-with-the-wisp</altname>, or <altname>Will-o'-the-wisp</altname>, and <altname>Jack-with-a-lantern</altname>, or <altname>Jack-o'-lantern</altname>.</def><-- thought to be caused by phosphine, PH3, a sponaneously combustible gas. -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: A misleading influence; a decoy.</def>

<blockquote>Scared and guided by the <b>ignis fatuus</b> of popular superstition.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ignite</h1>
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<hw>Ig*nite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ignited</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Igniting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>ignitus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>ignire</ets> to ignite, fr. <ets>ignis</ets> fire. See <er>Igneous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To kindle or set on fire; <as>as, to <ex>ignite</ex> paper or wood</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To subject to the action of intense heat; to heat strongly; -- often said of incombustible or infusible substances; <as>as, to <ex>ignite</ex> iron or platinum</as>.</def>

<h1>Ignite</h1>
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<hw>Ig*nite"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take fire; to begin to burn.</def>

<h1>Ignitible</h1>
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<hw>Ig*nit"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being ignited.</def>

<h1>Ignition</h1>
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<hw>Ig*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ignition</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of igniting, kindling, or setting on fire.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being ignited or kindled.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Ignitor</h1>
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<hw>Ig*nit"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, produces ignition; especially, a contrivance for igniting the powder in a torpedo or the like.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>igniter</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ignivomous</h1>
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<hw>Ig*niv"o*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ignivomus</ets>; <ets>ignis</ets> fire + <ets>vomere</ets> 8vomit.]</ety> <def>Vomiting fire.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ignobility</h1>
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<hw>Ig`no*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ignobilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ignobilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ignobleness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Ignoble</h1>
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<hw>Ig*no"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ignobilis</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>nobilis</ets> noble: cf. F. <ets>ignoble</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Noble</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of low birth or family; not noble; not illustrious; plebeian; common; humble.</def>

<blockquote>I was not <b>ignoble</b> of descent.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Her royal stock graft with <b>ignoble</b> plants.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not honorable, elevated, or generous; base.</def>

<blockquote>'T but a base, <b>ignoble</b> mind,
That mounts no higher than a bird can soar.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Far from the madding crowd's <b>ignoble</b> strife.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Not a true or noble falcon; -- said of certain hawks, as the goshawk.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Degenerate; degraded; mean; base; dishonorable; reproachful; disgraceful; shameful; scandalous; infamous.</syn>

<h1>Ignoble</h1>
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<hw>Ig*no"ble</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make ignoble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Ignobleness</h1>
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<hw>Ig*no"ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or quality of being ignoble.</def>

<h1>Ignobly</h1>
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<hw>Ig*no"bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ignoble manner; basely.</def>

<h1>Ignominious</h1>
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<hw>Ig`no*min"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ignominiosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ignominieux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Marked with ignominy; in curring public disgrace; dishonorable; shameful.</def>

<blockquote>Then first with fear surprised and sense of pain,
Fled <b>ignominious</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deserving ignominy; despicable.</def>

<blockquote>One single, obscure, <b>ignominious</b> projector.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Humiliating; degrading; <as>as, an <ex>ignominious</ex> judgment or sentence</as>.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Ignominiously</h1>
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<hw>Ig`no*min"i*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ignominious manner; disgracefully; shamefully; ingloriously.</def>

<h1>Ignominy</h1>
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<hw>Ig"no*min*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ignominies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>ignominia</ets> ignominy (<ets>i</ets>.<ets>e</ets>., a deprivation of one's good name); <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>nomen</ets> name: cf. F. <ets>ignominie</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Name</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Public disgrace or dishonor; reproach; infamy.</def>

<blockquote>Their generals have been received with honor after their defeat; yours with <b>ignominy</b> after conquest.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Vice begins in mistake, and ends in <b>ignominy</b>.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Ignominy</b> is the infliction of such evil as is made dishonorable, or the deprivation of such good as is made honorable by the Common wealth.
<i>Hobbes.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An act deserving disgrace; an infamous act.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Opprobrium; reproach; dishonor.</syn>

<h1>Ignomy</h1>
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<hw>Ig"no*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ignominy.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I blush to think upon this <b>ignomy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ignoramus</h1>
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<hw>Ig`no*ra"mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., we are ignorant. See <er>Ignore</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>We are ignorant; we ignore; -- being the word formerly written on a bill of indictment by a grand jury when there was not sufficient evidence to warrant them in finding it a true bill. The phrase now used is, "No bill," "No true bill," or "Not found," though in some jurisdictions "Ignored" is still used.</def>

<i>Wharton (Law Dict. ). Burn.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <plu>(pl. <plw>Ignoramuses</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.)</plu> <def>A stupid, ignorant person; a vain pretender to knowledge; a dunce.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>ignoramus</b> in place and power.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ignorance</h1>
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<hw>Ig"no*rance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>ignorantia</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of being ignorant; the want of knowledge in general, or in relation to a particular subject; the state of being uneducated or uninformed.</def>

<blockquote><b>Ignorance</b> is the curse of God,
Knowledge the wing wherewith we fly to heaven.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>A willful neglect or refusal to acquire knowledge which one may acquire and it is his duty to have.</def>

<i>Book of Common Prayer.</i>

<cs><col>Invincible ignorance</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>ignorance beyond the individual's control and for which, therefore, he is not responsible before God.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ignorant</h1>
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<hw>Ig"no*rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>ignorans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>ignorare</ets> to be ignorant. See <er>Ignore</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of knowledge; uninstructed or uninformed; untaught; unenlightened.</def>

<blockquote>He that doth not know those things which are of use for him to know, is but an <b>ignorant</b> man, whatever he may know besides.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unacquainted with; unconscious or unaware; -- used with <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Ignorant</b> of guilt, I fear not shame.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Unknown; undiscovered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Ignorant</b> concealment.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Alas, what <b>ignorant</b> sin have I committed?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Resulting from ignorance; foolish; silly.</def>

<blockquote>His shipping,
Poor <b>ignorant</b> baubles! -- on our terrible seas,
Like eggshells moved.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Uninstructed; untaught; unenlightened; uninformed; unlearned; unlettered; illiterate. -- <er>Ignorant</er>, <er>Illiterate</er>. <i>Ignorant</i> denotes want of knowledge, either as to single subject or information in general; <i>illiterate</i> refers to an ignorance of letters, or of knowledge acquired by reading and study. In the Middle Ages, a great proportion of the higher classes were <i>illiterate</i>, and yet were far from being <i>ignorant</i>, especially in regard to war and other active pursuits.</syn>

<blockquote>In such business
Action is eloquence, and the eyes of the <b>ignorant</b>
More learned than the ears.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In the first ages of Christianity, not only the learned and the wise, but the <b>ignorant</b> and <b>illiterate</b>, embraced torments and death.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ignorant</h1>
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<hw>Ig"no*rant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person untaught or uninformed; one unlettered or unskilled; an ignoramous.</def>

<blockquote>Did I for this take pains to teach
Our zealous <b>ignorants</b> to preach?
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ignorantism</h1>
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<hw>Ig"no*rant*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The spirit of those who extol the advantage to ignorance; obscuriantism.</def>

<h1>Ignorantist</h1>
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<hw>Ig"no*rant*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One opposed to the diffusion of knowledge; an obscuriantist.</def>

<h1>Ignorantly</h1>
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<hw>Ig"no*rant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a ignorant manner; without knowledge; inadvertently.</def>

<blockquote>Whom therefoer ye <b>ignorantly</b> worship, him declare I unto you.
<i>Acts xvii. 23.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ignore</h1>
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<hw>Ig*nore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ignored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ignoring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>ignorare</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + the root of <ets>gnarus</ets> knowing, <ets>noscere</ets> to become acquainted with. See <er>Know</er>, and cf. <er>Narrate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be ignorant of or not acquainted with.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Philosophy would solidly be established, if men would more carefully distinguish those things that they know from those that they <b>ignore</b>.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To throw out or reject as false or ungrounded; -- said of a bill rejected by a grand jury for want of evidence. See <er>Ignoramus</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: To refuse to take notice of; to shut the eyes to; not to recognize; to disregard willfully and causelessly; <as>as, to <ex>ignore</ex> certain facts; to <ex>ignore</ex> the presence of an objectionable person.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Ignoring</b> Italy under our feet,
And seeing things before, behind.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ignoscible</h1>
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<hw>Ig*nos"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ignoscibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>ignoscere</ets> to pardon, lit., not to wish to know; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>gnoscere</ets>, <ets>noscere</ets>, to learn to know. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Know</er>.]</ety> <def>Pardonable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Ignote</h1>
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<hw>Ig*note"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ignotus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>gnotus</ets>, <ets>notus</ets>, known, p.p. of <ets>gnocere</ets>, <ets>nocere</ets>, to learn to know.]</ety> <def>Unknown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Sir E. Sandys</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is unknown.</def> <i>Bp. Hacket</i>.</def2>

<h1>Iguana</h1>
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<hw>I*gua"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>iguana</ets>, from the native name in Hayti. Cf. <er>Guana</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of the genus <spn>Iguana</spn>, a genus of large American lizards of the family <spn>Iguanid\'91</spn>. They are arboreal in their habits, usually green in color, and feed chiefly upon fruits.</def>

<note>&hand; The common iguana (<spn>I. tuberculata</spn>) of the West Indies and South America is sometimes five feet long. Its flesh is highly prized as food. The horned iguana (<spn>I. cornuta</spn>) has a conical horn between the eyes.</note>

<h1>Iguanian</h1>
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<hw>I*gua"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling, or pertaining to, the iguana.</def>

<h1>Iguanid</h1>
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<hw>I*gua"nid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Iguanoid</er>.</def>

<h1>Iguanodon</h1>
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<hw>I*gua"no*don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iguana</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of gigantic herbivorous dinosaurs having a birdlike pelvis and large hind legs with three-toed feet capable of supporting the entire body. Its teeth resemble those of the iguana, whence its name. Several species are known, mostly from the Wealden of England and Europe. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Iguanodont</h1>
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<hw>I*gua"no*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the genus Iguanodon.</def>

<h1>Iguanoid</h1>
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<hw>I*gua"noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iguana</ets> + -<ets>oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the <spn>Iguanid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Ihlang-ihlang</h1>
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<hw>Ih*lang`-ih*lang"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malayan, flower of flowers.]</ety> <def>A rich, powerful, perfume, obtained from the volatile oil of the flowers of <spn>Canada odorata</spn>, an East Indian tree.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>ylang-ylang</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ihram</h1>
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<hw>Ih*ram"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The peculiar dress worn by pilgrims to Mecca.</def>

<h1>Ik</h1>
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<hw>Ik</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <ety>[See <er>I</er>.]</ety> <def>I</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<note>&hand; The Northern dialectic form of <i>I</i>, in Early English, corresponding to <i>ich</i> of the Southern.</note>

<h1>Il-</h1>
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<hw>Il-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A form of the prefix <i>in</i>-, not, and <i>in</i>-, among. See <er>In-</er>.</def>

<h1>Ile</h1>
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<hw>Ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>egl</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ear of corn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Ile</h1>
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<hw>Ile</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Aisle</er>.]</ety> <def>An aisle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>H. Swinburne.</i>

<h1>Ile</h1>
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<hw>Ile</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Isle</er>.]</ety> <def>An isle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ileac</h1>
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<hw>Il"e*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ileum</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the ileum.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>iliac</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Iliac</er>, <p><b>1.</b></def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<cs><col>Ileac passion</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Ileus</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ileoc\'91cal</h1>
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<hw>Il`e*o*c\'91"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ileum</ets> + <ets>c\'91cal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the ileum and c\'91cum.</def>

<h1>Ileocolic</h1>
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<hw>Il`e*o*col"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the ileum and colon; <as>as, the <ex>ileocolic</ex>, or ileoc\'91cal, valve, a valve where the ileum opens into the large intestine</as>.</def>

<h1>Ileum</h1>
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<hw>Il"e*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ile</ets>, <ets>ileum</ets>, <ets>ilium</ets>, pl. <ets>ilia</ets>, groin, flank.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The last, and usually the longest, division of the small intestine; the part between the jejunum and large intestine.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ileon</asp>, and <asp>ilium</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ilium</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<note>&hand; Most modern writers restrict <i>ileum</i> to the division of the intestine and <i>ilium</i> to the pelvic bone.</note>

<h1>Ileus</h1>
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<hw>Il"e*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ to roll up.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid condition due to intestinal obstruction. It is characterized by complete constipation, with griping pains in the abdomen, which is greatly distended, and in the later stages by vomiting of fecal matter. Called also <altname>ileac, &or; iliac, passion</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ilex</h1>
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<hw>I"lex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., holm oak.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The holm oak (<spn>Quercus Ilex</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, including the common holly.</def>

<h1>Iliac</h1>
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<hw>Il"i*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Iliacus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Iliad</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to ancient Ilium, or Troy.</def>

<i>Gladstone.</i>

<h1>Iliac</h1>
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<hw>Il"i*ac</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>iliaque</ets>. See <er>Ileum</er>, and cf. <er>Jade</er> a stone.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or in the region of, the ilium, or dorsal bone of the pelvis; <as>as, the <ex>iliac</ex> artery</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ileac</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Ileac</er>, 1.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<cs><col>Iliac crest</col>, <cd>the upper margin of the ilium.</cd> -- <col>Iliac passion</col>. <cd>See <er>Ileus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Iliac region</col>, <cd>a region of the abdomen, on either side of the hypogastric regions, and below the lumbar regions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Iliacal</h1>
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<hw>I*li"a*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Iliac.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>liad</h1>
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<hw>l"i*ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Ilias</ets>, <ets>-adis</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/ (sc. <?/), fr. <?/, <?/, Ilium, the city of Ilus, a son of Tros, founder of Ilium, which is a poetical name of Troy.]</ety> <def>A celebrated Greek epic poem, in twenty-four books, on the destruction of Ilium, the ancient Troy. The Iliad is ascribed to Homer.</def>

<h1>Ilial</h1>
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<hw>Il"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the ilium; iliac.</def>

<h1>Iliche</h1>
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<hw>I*liche"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE., fr. AS. <ets>gel\'c6c</ets>. Cf. <er>Alike</er>.]</ety> <def>Alike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ilicic</h1>
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<hw>I*lic"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ilex</ets>, <ets>ilicis</ets>, holm oak.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the holly (<spn>Ilex</spn>), and allied plants; <as>as, <ex>ilicic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Ilicin</h1>
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<hw>Il"i*cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The bitter principle of the holly.</def>

<h1>Ilio-</h1>
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<hw>Il"i*o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From <er>Ilium</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form used in anatomy to denote <i>connection with</i>, or <i>relation to</i>, <i>the ilium</i>; <as>as, <ex>ilio</ex>-femoral, <ex>ilio</ex>-lumbar, <ex>ilio</ex>-psoas, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Iliofemoral</h1>
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<hw>Il`i*o*fem"o*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the ilium and femur; <as>as, <ex>iliofemoral</ex> ligaments</as>.</def>

<h1>Iliolumbar</h1>
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<hw>Il`i*o*lum"bar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the iliac and lumbar regions; <as>as, the <ex>iliolumbar</ex> artery</as>.</def>

<h1>Iliopsoas</h1>
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<hw>Il`i*o*pso"as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The great flexor muscle of the hip joint, divisible into two parts, the iliac and great psoas, -- often regarded as distinct muscles.</def>

<h1>Ilium</h1>
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<hw>Il"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ileum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The dorsal one of the three principal bones comprising either lateral half of the pelvis; the dorsal or upper part of the hip bone. See <cref>Innominate bone</cref>, under <er>Innominate</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ilion</asp>, and <asp>ileum</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ilixanthin</h1>
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<hw>Il`ix*an"thin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ilex</ets> the genus including the holly + Gr. <?/ yellow.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow dye obtained from the leaves of the holly.</def>

<h1>Ilk</h1>
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<hw>Ilk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>ilk</ets>, OE. <ets>ilke</ets> the same, AS. <ets>ilca</ets>. Cf. <er>Each</er>.]</ety> <def>Same; each; every.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<cs><col>Of that ilk</col>, <cd>denoting that a person's surname and the title of his estate are the same; as, <i>Grant of that ilk<i>, i.e., <i>Grant of Grant<i>.</cd></cs>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Ilke</h1>
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<hw>Il"ke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ilk</er>.]</ety> <def>Same.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ilkon, Ilkoon</h1>
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<hw><hw>Il*kon"</hw>, <hw>Il*koon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>pron.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ilk</er>, and <er>One</er>.]</ety> <def>Each one; every one.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ill</h1>
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<hw>Ill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[The regular comparative and superlative are wanting, their places being supplied by <i>worse</i> <tt>(<?/)</tt> and <i>worst</i> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, from another root.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ill</ets>, <ets>ille</ets>, Icel. <ets>illr</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>illa</ets>, adv., Dan. <ets>ilde</ets>, adv.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Contrary to good, in a physical sense; contrary or opposed to advantage, happiness, etc.; bad; evil; unfortunate; disagreeable; unfavorable.</def>

<blockquote>Neither is it <b>ill</b> air only that maketh an <b>ill</b> seat, but <b>ill</b> ways, <b>ill</b> markets, and <b>ill</b> neighbors.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There 's some <b>ill</b> planet reigns.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contrary to good, in a moral sense; evil; wicked; wrong; iniquitious; naughtly; bad; improper.</def>

<blockquote>Of his own body he was ill, and gave
The clergy <b>ill</b> example.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sick; indisposed; unwell; diseased; disordered; <as>as, <ex>ill</ex> of a fever</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I am in health, I breathe, and see thee <b>ill</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not according with rule, fitness, or propriety; incorrect; rude; unpolished; inelegant.</def>

<blockquote>That 's an <b>ill</b> phrase.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ill at ease</col>, <cd>uneasy; uncomfortable; anxious. "I am very <i>ill at ease<i>." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Ill blood</col>, <cd>enmity; resentment.</cd> -- <col>Ill breeding</col>, <cd>want of good breeding; rudeness.</cd> -- <col>Ill fame</col>, <cd>ill or bad repute; as, a house of <i>ill fame<i>, a house where lewd persons meet for illicit intercourse.</cd> -- <col>Ill humor</col>, <cd>a disagreeable mood; bad temper.</cd> -- <col>Ill nature</col>, <cd>bad disposition or temperament; sullenness; esp., a disposition to cause unhappiness to others.</cd> -- <col>Ill temper</col>, <cd>anger; moroseness; crossness.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Ill turn</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An unkind act.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A slight attack of illness</cd>. <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Ill will</col></mcol>, <cd>unkindness; enmity; malevolence.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Bad; evil; wrong; wicked; sick; unwell.</syn>

<hr>
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Page 728<p>

<h1>Ill</h1>
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<hw>Ill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Whatever annoys or impairs happiness, or prevents success; evil of any kind; misfortune; calamity; disease; pain; <as>as, the <ex>ills</ex> of humanity</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Who can all sense of others' <b>ills</b> escape
Is but a brute at best in human shape.
<i>Tate.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That makes us rather bear those <b>ills</b> we have
Than fly to others that we know not of.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Whatever is contrary to good, in a moral sense; wickedness; depravity; iniquity; wrong; evil.</def>

<blockquote>Strong virtue, like strong nature, struggles still,
Exerts itself, and then throws off the <b>ill</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ill</h1>
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<hw>Ill</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a ill manner; badly; weakly.</def>

<blockquote>How <b>ill</b> this taper burns!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Ill</b> fares the land, to hastening ills a prey,
Where wealth accumulates and men decay.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Ill</i>, like <i>above</i>, <i>well</i>, and <i>so</i>, is used before many participal adjectives, in its usual adverbal sense. When the two words are used as an epithet preceding the noun qualified they are commonly hyphened; in other cases they are written separatively; as, an <i>ill</i>-educated man; he was <i>ill</i> educated; an <i>ill</i>-formed plan; the plan, however <i>ill</i> formed, was acceptable. Ao, also, the following: <i>ill</i>-affected or <i>ill</i> affected, <i>ill</i>-arranged or <i>ill</i> arranged, <i>ill</i>-assorted or <i>ill</i> assorted, <i>ill</i>-boding or <i>ill</i> boding, <i>ill</i>-bred or <i>ill</i> bred, <i>ill</i>-conditioned, <i>ill</i>-conducted, <i>ill</i>-considered, <i>ill</i>-devised, <i>ill</i>-disposed, <i>ill</i>-doing, <i>ill</i>-fairing, <i>ill</i>-fated, <i>ill</i>-favored, <i>ill</i>-featured, <i>ill</i>-formed, <i>ill</i>-gotten, <i>ill</i>-imagined, <i>ill</i>-judged, <i>ill</i>-looking, <i>ill</i>-mannered, <i>ill</i>-matched, <i>ill</i>-meaning, <i>ill</i>-minded, <i>ill</i>-natured, <i>ill</i>-omened, <i>ill</i>-proportioned, <i>ill</i>-provided, <i>ill</i>-required, <i>ill</i>-sorted, <i>ill</i>-starred, <i>ill</i>-tempered, <i>ill</i>-timed, <i>ill</i>-trained, <i>ill</i>-used, and the like.</note>

<h1>I' ll</h1>
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<hw>I' ll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. Contraction for <i>I will</i> or <i>I shall</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>I'll</b> by a sign give notice to our friends.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Illabile</h1>
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<hw>Il*lab"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of falling or erring; infalliable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Il`la*bil"i*ty</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Illacerable</h1>
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<hw>Il*lac"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>illacerabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>illac\'82rable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Lacerable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not lacerable; incapable of being torn or rent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Illacrymable</h1>
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<hw>Il*lac"ry*ma*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>illacrimabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>il-</ets> not + <ets>lacrimabilis</ets> worthy of tears.]</ety> <def>Incapable of weeping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Illapsable</h1>
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<hw>Il*laps"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>il-</ets> not + <ets>lapsable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of slipping, or of error.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Morally immutable and <b>illapsable</b>.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Illapse</h1>
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<hw>Il*lapse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Illapsed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Illapsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>illapsus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>illabi</ets>; pref. <ets>il-</ets> in + <ets>labi</ets> to fall, slide.]</ety> <def>To fall or glide; to pass; -- usually followed by <i>into</i>.</def>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Illapse</h1>
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<hw>Il*lapse"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>illapsus</ets>. See <er>Illapse</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>A gliding in; an immisson or entrance of one thing into another; also, a sudden descent or attack.</def>

<i>Akenside.</i>

<blockquote>They sit silent . . . waiting for an <b>illapse</b> of the spirit.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Illaqueable</h1>
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<hw>Il*la"que*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being insnared or entrapped.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Illaqueate</h1>
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<hw>Il*la"que*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Illaqueated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Illaqueating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>illaqueatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>illaqueare</ets>; pref. <ets>il-</ets> in + <ets>laqueare</ets> to insnare, fr. <ets>laqueus</ets>, noose, snare.]</ety> <def>To insnare; to entrap; to entangle; to catch.</def>

<blockquote>Let not the surpassing eloquence of Taylor dazzle you, nor his scholastic retairy versatility of logic <b>illaqueate</b> your good sense.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Illaqueation</h1>
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<hw>Il*la`que*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of catching or insnaring.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A snare; a trap.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Illation</h1>
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<hw>Il*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>illatio</ets>, fr. <ets>illatus</ets>, used as p.p. of <ets>inferre</ets> to carry or bring in, but from a different root: cf. F. <ets>illation</ets>. See 1st <er>In-</er>, and <er>Tolerate</er>, and cf. <er>Infer</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of inferring from premises or reasons; perception of the connection between ideas; that which is inferred; inference; deduction; conclusion.</def>

<blockquote>Fraudulent deductions or inconsequent <b>illations</b> from a false conception of things.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Illative</h1>
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<hw>Il"la*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>illativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>illatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to, dependent on, or denoting, illation; inferential; conclusive; <as>as, an <ex>illative</ex> consequence or proposition; an <ex>illative</ex> word, as <i>then</i>, <i>therefore</i>, etc.</as></def>

<cs><col>Illative conversion</col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>a converse or reverse statement of a proposition which in that form must be true because the original proposition is true.</cd> -- <col>Illative sense</col> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld>, <cd>the faculty of the mind by which it apprehends the conditions and determines upon the correctness of inferences.</cd></cs>

<h1>Illative</h1>
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<hw>Il"la*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An illative particle, as <i>for</i>, <i>because</i>.</def>

<h1>Illatively</h1>
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<hw>Il"la*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By inference; as an illative; in an illative manner.</def>

<h1>Illaudable</h1>
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<hw>Il*laud"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>illaudabilis</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Laudable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not laudable; not praise-worthy; worthy of censure or disapprobation.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Il*laud"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <tt>Broome.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ill-boding</h1>
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<hw>Ill`-bod"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Boding evil; inauspicious; ill-omened.</def> "<i>Ill-boding</i> stars."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ill-bred</h1>
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<hw>Ill"-bred`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Badly educated or brought up; impolite; incivil; rude. See Note under <er>Ill</er>, <tt>adv.</tt></def>

<h1>Illecebration</h1>
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<hw>Il*lec`e*bra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Illecebrous</er>.]</ety> <def>Allurement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>T. Brown.</i>

<h1>Illecebrous</h1>
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<hw>Il*lec"e*brous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>illecebrosus</ets>, fr. <ets>illecebra</ets> allurement, fr. <ets>illicere</ets> to allure.]</ety> <def>Alluring; attractive; enticing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Illegal</h1>
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<hw>Il*le"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>il-</ets> not + <ets>legal</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ill\'82gal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not according to, or authorized by, law; specif., contrary to, or in violation of, human law; unlawful; illicit; hence, immoral; <as>as, an <ex>illegal</ex> act; <ex>illegal</ex> trade; <ex>illegal</ex> love.</as></def>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Illegality</h1>
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<hw>Il`le*gal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Illegalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ill\'82galit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or condition of being illegal; unlawfulness; <as>as, the <ex>illegality</ex> of trespass or of false imprisonment</as>; also, an illegal act.</def>

<h1>Illegalize</h1>
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<hw>Il*le"gal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Illegalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Illegalizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make or declare illegal or unlawful.</def>

<h1>Illegally</h1>
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<hw>Il*le"gal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a illegal manner; unlawfully.</def>

<h1>Illegalness</h1>
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<hw>Il*le"gal*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Illegality, unlawfulness.</def>

<h1>Illegibility</h1>
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<hw>Il*leg`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being illegible.</def>

<h1>Illegible</h1>
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<hw>Il*leg"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being read; not legible; <as>as, <ex>illegible</ex> handwriting; an <ex>illegible</ex> inscription.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Il*leg"i*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Il*leg"i*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Illegitimacy</h1>
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<hw>Il`le*git"i*ma*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being illegitimate.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Illegitimate</h1>
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<hw>Il`le*git"i*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not according to law; not regular or authorized; unlawful; improper.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unlawfully begotten; born out of wedlock; bastard; <as>as, an <ex>illegitimate</ex> child</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not legitimately deduced or inferred; illogical; <as>as, an <ex>illegitimate</ex> inference</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not authorized by good usage; not genuine; spurious; <as>as, an <ex>illegitimate</ex> word</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Illegitimate fertilization</col>, &or; <col>Illegitimate union</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the fertilization of pistils by stamens not of their own length, in heterogonously dimorphic and trimorphic flowers.</cd></cs>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Illegitimate</h1>
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<hw>Il`le*git"i*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Illegitimated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Illegitimating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To render illegitimate; to declare or prove to be born out of wedlock; to bastardize; to illegitimatize.</def>

<blockquote>The marriage should only be dissolved for the future, without <b>illegitimating</b> the issue.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Illegitimately</h1>
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<hw>Il`le*git"i*mate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a illegitimate manner; unlawfully.</def>

<h1>Illegitimation</h1>
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<hw>Il`le*git`i*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of illegitimating; bastardizing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being illegitimate; illegitimacy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Gardiner had performed his promise to the queen of getting her <b>illegitimation</b> taken off.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Illegitimatize</h1>
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<hw>Il`le*git"i*ma*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render illegitimate; to bastardize.</def>

<h1>Illesive</h1>
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<hw>Il*le"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>il-</ets> not + L. <ets>laedere</ets>, <ets>laesum</ets>, to injure.]</ety> <def>Not injurious; harmless.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Illeviable</h1>
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<hw>Il*lev"i*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not leviable; incapable of being imposed, or collected.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Ill-favored</h1>
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<hw>Ill`-fa"vored</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wanting beauty or attractiveness; deformed; ugly; ill-looking.</def>

<blockquote><b>Ill-favored</b> and lean-fleshed.
<i>Gen. xli. 3.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ill`-fa"vored*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ill`-fa"vored*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Illiberal</h1>
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<hw>Il*lib"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>illiberalis</ets>; pref. <ets>il-</ets> not + <ets>liberalis</ets> liberal: cf. F. <ets>illib\'82ral</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not liberal; not free or generous; close; niggardly; mean; sordid.</def> "A thrifty and <i>illiberal</i> hand."

<i>Mason.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Indicating a lack of breeding, culture, and the like; ignoble; rude; narrow-minded; disingenuous.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not well authorized or elegant; <as>as, <ex>illiberal</ex> words in Latin</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Illiberalism</h1>
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<hw>Il*lib"er*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Illiberality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Illiberality</h1>
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<hw>Il*lib`er*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>illiberalitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>illib\'82ralit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being illiberal; narrowness of mind; meanness; niggardliness.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Illiberalize</h1>
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<hw>Il*lib"er*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Illiberalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Illiberalizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make illiberal.</def>

<h1>Illiberally</h1>
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<hw>Il*lib"er*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a illiberal manner, ungenerously; uncharitably; parsimoniously.</def>

<h1>Illiberalness</h1>
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<hw>Il*lib"er*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being illiberal; illiberality.</def>

<h1>Illicit</h1>
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<hw>Il*lic"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>illicitus</ets>; pref. <ets>il-</ets> not + <ets>licitus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>licere</ets> to be allowed or permitted: cf. F. <ets>illicite</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>License</er>.]</ety> <def>Not permitted or allowed; prohibited; unlawful; <as>as, <ex>illicit</ex> trade; <ex>illicit</ex> intercourse; <ex>illicit</ex> pleasure.</as></def>

<blockquote>One <b>illicit</b> . . . transaction always leads to another.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Il*lic"it*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Il*lic"it*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Illicitous</h1>
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<hw>Il*lic"it*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Illicit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Illicium</h1>
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<hw>Il*li"ci*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called, in allusion to its aroma, from L. <ets>illicium</ets> an allurement.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of Asiatic and American magnoliaceous trees, having star-shaped fruit; star anise. The fruit of <i>Illicium anisatum</i> is used as a spice in India, and its oil is largely used in Europe for flavoring cordials, being almost identical with true oil of anise.</def>

<h1>Illighten</h1>
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<hw>Il*light"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To enlighten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Illimitable</h1>
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<hw>Il*lim"it*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>il-</ets> not + <ets>limitable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>illimitable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being limited or bounded; immeasurable; limitless; boundless; <as>as, <ex>illimitable</ex> space</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The wild, the irregular, the <b>illimitable</b>, and the luxuriant, have their appropriate force of beauty.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Boundless; limitless; unlimited; unbounded; immeasurable; infinite; immense; vast.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Il*lim"it*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Il*lim"it*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Illimitation</h1>
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<hw>Il*lim`it*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>il-</ets> not + <ets>limitation</ets>: cf. F. <ets>illimitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>State of being illimitable; want of, or freedom from, limitation.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Illimited</h1>
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<hw>Il*lim"it*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not limited; interminable.</def> <i>Bp. Hall</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Il*lim"it*ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>The absoluteness and <b>illimitedness</b> of his commission was generally much spoken of.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Illinition</h1>
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<hw>Il`li*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>illinire</ets>, <ets>illinere</ets>, to besmear; pref. <ets>il-</ets> in, on + <ets>linire</ets>, <ets>linere</ets>, to smear.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A smearing or rubbing in or on; also, that which is smeared or rubbed on, as ointment or liniment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thin crust of some extraneous substance formed on minerals.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A thin crust or <b>illinition</b> of black manganese.
<i>Kirwan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Illinois</h1>
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<hw>Il`li*nois"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.sing. & pl.</tt> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of North American Indians, which formerly occupied the region between the Wabash and Mississippi rivers.</def>

<h1>Illiquation</h1>
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<hw>Il`li*qua"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>il-</ets> in + L. <ets>liquare</ets> to melt.]</ety> <def>The melting or dissolving of one thing into another.</def>

<h1>Illish</h1>
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<hw>Ill"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat ill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Illision</h1>
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<hw>Il*li"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>illisio</ets>, fr. <ets>illidere</ets>, <ets>illisum</ets>, to strike against; pref. <ets>il-</ets> in + <ets>laedere</ets> to strike.]</ety> <def>The act of dashing or striking against.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Illiteracy</h1>
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<hw>Il*lit"er*a*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Illiteracies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[From <er>Illiterate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being illiterate, or uneducated; want of learning, or knowledge; ignorance; specifically, inability to read and write; <as>as, the <ex>illiteracy</ex> shown by the last census</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instance of ignorance; a literary blunder.</def>

<blockquote>The many blunders and <b>illiteracies</b> of the first publishers of his [Shakespeare's] works.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Illiteral</h1>
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<hw>Il*lit"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not literal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Dawson.</i>

<h1>Illiterate</h1>
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<hw>Il*lit"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>illiteratus</ets>: pref. <ets>il-</ets> not + <ets>literatus</ets> learned. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Literal</er>.]</ety> <def>Ignorant of letters or books; unlettered; uninstructed; uneducated; <as>as, an <ex>illiterate</ex> man, or people</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Ignorant; untaught; unlearned; unlettered; unscholary. See <er>Ignorant</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Il*lit"er*ate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Il*lit"er*ate*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Illiterature</h1>
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<hw>Il*lit"er*a*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of learning; illiteracy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe. Southey.</i>

<h1>Ill-judged</h1>
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<hw>Ill"-judged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not well judged; unwise.</def>

<h1>Ill-lived</h1>
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<hw>Ill"-lived`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Leading a wicked life.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ill-looking</h1>
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<hw>Ill"-look`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a bad look; threatening; ugly. See Note under <er>Ill</er>, <tt>adv.</tt></def>

<h1>Ill-mannered</h1>
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<hw>Ill`-man"nered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Impolite; rude.</def>

<h1>Ill-minded</h1>
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<hw>Ill"-mind`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ill-disposed.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Ill-natured</h1>
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<hw>Ill`-na"tured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of habitual bad temper; peevish; fractious; cross; crabbed; surly; <as>as, an <ex>ill-natured</ex> person</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dictated by, or indicating, ill nature; spiteful.</def> "The <i>ill-natured</i> task refuse."

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Intractable; not yielding to culture.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Ill-natured</i> land."

<i>J. Philips.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ill`-na"tured*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ill`-na"tured*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Illness</h1>
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<hw>Ill"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Ill</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of being ill, evil, or bad; badness; unfavorableness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>illness</i> of the weather."

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disease; indisposition; malady; disorder of health; sickness; <as>as, a short or a severe <ex>illness</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Wrong moral conduct; wickedness.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Malady; disease; indisposition; ailment.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Illness</er>, <er>Sickness</er>. Within the present century, there has been a tendency in England to use <i>illness</i> in the sense of a continuous disease, disorder of health, or sickness, and to confine <i>sickness</i> more especially to a sense of nausea, or "sickness of the stomach."</usage>

<h1>Ill-nurtured</h1>
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<hw>Ill"-nur`tured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ill-bred.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Illocality</h1>
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<hw>Il`lo*cal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of locality or place.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Illogical</h1>
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<hw>Il*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ignorant or negligent of the rules of logic or correct reasoning; <as>as, an <ex>illogical</ex> disputant</as>; contrary of the rules of logic or sound reasoning; <as>as, an <ex>illogical</ex> inference</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Il*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Il*log"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ill-omened</h1>
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<hw>Ill`-o"mened</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having unlucky omens; inauspicious. See Note under <er>Ill</er>, <tt>adv.</tt></def>

<h1>Ill-starred</h1>
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<hw>Ill"-starred`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fated to be unfortunate; unlucky; <as>as, an <ex>ill-starred</ex> man or day</as>.</def>

<h1>Ill-tempered</h1>
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<hw>Ill`-tem"pered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of bad temper; morose; crabbed; sour; peevish; fretful; quarrelsome.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unhealthy; ill-conditioned.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So <b>ill-tempered</b> I am grown, that I am afraid I shall catch cold, while all the world is afraid to melt away.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ill-timed</h1>
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<hw>Ill"-timed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Done, attempted, or said, at an unsuitable or unpropitious time.</def>

<h1>Illtreat</h1>
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<hw>Ill`treat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat cruelly or improperly; to ill use; to maltreat.</def>

<h1>Illude</h1>
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<hw>Il*lude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Illuded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Illuding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>illudere</ets>, <ets>illusum</ets>; pref. <ets>il-</ets> in + <ets>ludere</ets> to play: cf. OF. <ets>illuder</ets>. See <er>Ludicrous</er>.]</ety> <def>To play upon by artifice; to deceive; to mock; to excite and disappoint the hopes of.</def>

<h1>Illume</h1>
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<hw>Il*lume"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Illumed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Illuming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>illuminer</ets>. See <er>Illuminate</er>.]</ety> <def>To throw or spread light upon; to make light or bright; to illuminate; to illumine.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The mountain's brow,
<b>Illumed</b> with fluid gold.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Illuminable</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"mi*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being illuminated.</def>

<h1>Illuminant</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"mi*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>illuminans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>illuminare</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which illuminates or affords light; <as>as, gas and petroleum are <ex>illuminants</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Illuminary</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"mi*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Illuminative.</def>

<h1>Illuminate</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Illuminated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Illuminating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>illuminatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>illuminare</ets>; pref. <ets>il-</ets> in + <ets>luminare</ets> to enlighten, fr. <ets>lumen</ets> light. See <er>Luminous</er>, and cf. <er>Illume</er>, <er>Illumine</er>, <er>Enlimn</er>, <er>Limn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make light; to throw light on; to supply with light, literally or figuratively; to brighten.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To light up; to decorate with artificial lights, as a building or city, in token of rejoicing or respect.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To adorn, as a book or page with borders, initial letters, or miniature pictures in colors and gold, as was done in manuscripts of the Middle Ages.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make plain or clear; to dispel the obscurity to by knowledge or reason; to explain; to elucidate; <as>as, to <ex>illuminate</ex> a text, a problem, or a duty</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="729">
Page 729<p>

<h1>Illuminate</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To light up in token or rejoicing.</def>

<h1>Illuminate</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>illuminatus</ets>, p.p.]</ety> <def>Enlightened.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Illuminate</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"mi*nate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who enlightened; esp., a pretender to extraordinary light and knowledge.</def>

<h1>Illuminati</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu`mi*na"ti</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>illuminatus</ets>. See <er>Illuminate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Illuminee</er>.]</ety> <def>Literally, those who are enlightened; -- variously applied as follows: -</def>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Persons in the early church who had received baptism; in which ceremony a lighted taper was given them, as a symbol of the spiritual illumination they has received by that sacrament.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>Members of a sect which sprung up in Spain about the year 1575. Their principal doctrine was, that, by means of prayer, they had attained to so perfect a state as to have no need of ordinances, sacraments, good works, etc.; -- called also <altname>Alumbrados</altname>, <altname>Perfectibilists</altname>, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mod. Hist.)</fld> <def>Members of certain associations in Modern Europe, who combined to promote social reforms, by which they expected to raise men and society to perfection, esp. of one originated in 1776 by Adam Weishaupt, professor of canon law at Ingolstadt, which spread rapidly for a time, but ceased after a few years.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> Also applied to: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An obscure sect of French Familists.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The Hesychasts, Mystics, and Quietists;</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The Rosicrucians.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Any persons who profess special spiritual or intellectual enlightenment.</def>

<h1>Illuminating</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"mi*na`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giving or producing light; used for illumination.</def>

<cs><col>Illuminating gas</col>. <cd>See <er>Gas</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2 <sd>(a)<sd>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Illumination</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu`mi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>illuminatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>illumination</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of illuminating, or supplying with light; the state of being illuminated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Festive decoration of houses or buildings with lights.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Adornment of books and manuscripts with colored illustrations. See <er>Illuminate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 3.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is illuminated, as a house; also, an ornamented book or manuscript.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which illuminates or gives light; brightness; splendor; especially, intellectual light or knowledge.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>illumination</b> which a bright genius giveth to his work.
<i>Felton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The special communication of knowledge to the mind by God; inspiration.</def>

<blockquote>Hymns and psalms . . . are framed by meditation beforehand, or by prophetical <b>illumination</b> are inspired.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Illuminatism</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"mi*na*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Illuminism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Illuminative</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"mi*na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>illuminatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to illuminate or illustrate; throwing light; illustrative.</def> "<i>Illuminative</i> reading."

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Illuminator</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"mi*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., an enlightener, LL. also, an illuminator of books.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One whose occupation is to adorn books, especially manuscripts, with miniatures, borders, etc. See <er>Illuminate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 3.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A condenser or reflector of light in optical apparatus; also, an illuminant.</def>

<h1>Illumine</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>illuminer</ets>. See <er>Illuminate</er>.]</ety> <def>To illuminate; to light up; to adorn.</def>

<h1>Illuminee</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu`mi*nee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>illumin\'82</ets>. Cf. <er>Illuminati</er>.]</ety> <def>One of the Illuminati.</def>

<h1>Illuminer</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"mi*ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, illuminates.</def>

<h1>Illuminism</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"mi*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>illuminisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The principles of the Illuminati.</def>

<h1>Illuministic</h1>
<Xpage=729>

<hw>Il*lu`mi*nis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to illuminism, or the Illuminati.</def>

<h1>Illuminize</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"mi*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Illuminized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Illuminizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To initiate the doctrines or principles of the Illuminati.</def>

<h1>Illuminous</h1>
<Xpage=729>

<hw>Il*lu"mi*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bright; clear.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>H. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Illure</h1>
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<hw>Il*lure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>il-</ets> in + <ets>lure</ets>.]</ety> <def>To deceive; to entice; to lure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The devil insnareth the souls of many men, by <b>illuring</b> them with the muck and dung of this world.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ill-used</h1>
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<hw>Ill`-used"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Misapplied; treated badly.</def>

<h1>Illusion</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>illusion</ets>, L. <ets>illusio</ets>, fr. <ets>illu</ets>dere, <ets>illusum</ets>, to illude. See <er>Illude</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An unreal image presented to the bodily or mental vision; a deceptive appearance; a false show; mockery; hallucination.</def>

<blockquote>To cheat the eye with blear <b>illusions</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Anything agreeably fascinating and charning; enchantment; witchery; glamour.</def>

<blockquote>Ye soft <b>illusions</b>, dear deceits, arise!
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A sensation originated by some external object, but so modified as in any way to lead to an erroneous perception; as when the rolling of a wagon is mistaken for thunder.</def>

<note>&hand; Some modern writers distinguish between an <i>illusion</i> and <i>hallucination</i>, regarding the former as originating with some external object, and the latter as having no objective occasion whatever.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A plain, delicate lace, usually of silk, used for veils, scarfs, dresses, etc.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Delusion; mockery; deception; chimera; fallacy. See <er>Delusion</er>. <er>Illusion</er>, <er>Delusion</er>. <i>Illusion</i> refers particularly to errors of the sense; <i>delusion</i> to false hopes or deceptions of the mind. An optical deception is an <i>illusion</i>; a false opinion is a <i>delusion</i>.</syn>

<i>E. Edwards.</i>

<h1>Illusionable</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"sion*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Liable to illusion.</def>

<h1>Illusionist</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"sion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One given to illusion; a visionary dreamer.</def>

<h1>Illusive</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Illude</er>.]</ety> <def>Deceiving by false show; deceitful; deceptive; false; illusory; unreal.</def>

<blockquote>Truth from <b>illusive</b> falsehood to command.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Illusively</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a illusive manner; falsely.</def>

<h1>Illusiveness</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being illusive; deceptiveness; false show.</def>

<h1>Illusory</h1>
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<hw>Il*lu"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>illusore</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deceiving, or tending of deceive; fallacious; illusive; <as>as, <ex>illusory</ex> promises or hopes</as>.</def>

<h1>Illustrable</h1>
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<hw>Il*lus"tra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of illustration.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Illustrate</h1>
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<hw>Il*lus"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Illustrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Illustrating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>illustratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>illustrare</ets> to illustrate, fr. <ets>illustris</ets> bright. See <er>Illustrious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make clear, bright, or luminous.</def>

<blockquote>Here, when the moon <b>illustrates</b> all the sky.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To set in a clear light; to exhibit distinctly or conspicuously.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>To prove him, and <b>illustrate</b> his high worth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make clear, intelligible, or apprehensible; to elucidate, explain, or exemplify, as by means of figures, comparisons, and examples.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To adorn with pictures, as a book or a subject; to elucidate with pictures, as a history or a romance.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To give renown or honor to; to make illustrious; to glorify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Matter to me of glory, whom their hate
<b>Illustrates</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Illustrate</h1>
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<hw>Il*lus"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>illustratus</ets>, p.p.]</ety> <def>Illustrated; distinguished; illustrious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This most gallant, <b>illustrate</b>, and learned gentleman.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Illustration</h1>
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<hw>Il`lus*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>illustratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>illustration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of illustrating; the act of making clear and distinct; education; also, the state of being illustrated, or of being made clear and distinct.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which illustrates; a comparison or example intended to make clear or apprehensible, or to remove obscurity.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A picture designed to decorate a volume or elucidate a literary work.</def>

<h1>Illustrative</h1>
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<hw>Il*lus"tra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tending or designed to illustrate, exemplify, or elucidate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Making illustrious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Illustratively</h1>
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<hw>Il*lus"tra*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of illustration or elucidation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Illustrator</h1>
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<hw>Il*lus"tra*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who illustrates.</def>

<h1>Illustratory</h1>
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<hw>Il*lus"tra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to illustrate.</def>

<h1>Illustrious</h1>
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<hw>Il*lus"tri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>illustris</ets>, prob. for <ets>illuxtris</ets>; fr. <ets>il-</ets> in + the root of <ets>lucidus</ets> bright: cf. F. <ets>illustre</ets>. See <er>Lucid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessing luster or brightness; brilliant; luminous; splendid.</def>

<blockquote>Quench the light; thine eyes are guides <b>illustrious</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by greatness, nobleness, etc.; eminent; conspicuous; distinguished.</def>

<blockquote><b>Illustrious</b> earls, renowened everywhere.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Conferring luster or honor; renowned; <as>as, <ex>illustrious</ex> deeds or titles</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Distinguished; famous; remarkable; brilliant; conspicuous; noted; celebrated; signal; renowened; eminent; exalted; noble; glorious. See <er>Distinguished</er>, <er>Famous</er>.</syn>

<h1>Illustriously</h1>
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<hw>Il*lus"tri*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a illustrious manner; conspicuously; eminently; famously.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Illustriousness</h1>
<Xpage=729>

<hw>Il*lus"tri*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being eminent; greatness; grandeur; glory; fame.</def>

<h1>Illustrous</h1>
<Xpage=729>

<hw>Il*lus"trous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>il-</ets> not + <ets>lustrous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Without luster.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<h1>Illutation</h1>
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<hw>Il`lu*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>il-</ets> in + L. <ets>lutum</ets> mud: cf. F. <ets>illutation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or operation of smearing the body with mud, especially with the sediment from mineral springs; a mud bath.</def>

<h1>Illuxurious</h1>
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<hw>Il`lux*u"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not luxurious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Orrery.</i>

<h1>Ill-will</h1>
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<hw>Ill`-will"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. See under <er>Ill</er>, <it>a.</it></def>

<h1>Ill-wisher</h1>
<Xpage=729>

<hw>Ill`-wish"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who wishes ill to another; an enemy.</def>

<h1>Illy</h1>
<Xpage=729>

<hw>Il"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[A word not fully approved, but sometimes used for the adverb <ets>ill</ets>.]</ety>

<h1>Ilmenite</h1>
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<hw>Il"men*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from <ets>Ilmen</ets>, a branch of the Ural Mountains.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Titanic iron. See <er>Menaccanite</er>.</def>

<h1>Ilmenium</h1>
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<hw>Il*me"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Ilmenite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A supposed element claimed to have been discovered by R.Harmann.</def>

<h1>Ilvaite</h1>
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<hw>Il"va*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>Ilva</ets>, the island now called Elba.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A silicate of iron and lime occurring in black prismatic crystals and columnar masses.</def>

<h1>I'm</h1>
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<hw>I'm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A contraction of <i>I am</i>.</def>

<h1>Im-</h1>
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<hw>Im-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A form of the prefix <i>in-</i> not, and <i>in-</i> in. See <er>In-</er>. <i>Im-</i> also occurs in composition with some words not of Latin origin; <as>as, <ex>im</ex>bank, <ex>im</ex>bitter</as>.</def>

<h1>Image</h1>
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<hw>Im"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>imago</ets>, <ets>imaginis</ets>, from the root of <ets>imitari</ets> to imitate. See <er>Imitate</er>, and cf. <er>Imagine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An imitation, representation, or similitude of any person, thing, or act, sculptured, drawn, painted, or otherwise made perceptible to the sight; a visible presentation; a copy; a likeness; an effigy; a picture; a semblance.</def>

<blockquote>Even like a stony <b>image</b>, cold and numb.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whose is this <b>image</b> and superscription?
<i>Matt. xxii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This play is the <b>image</b> of a murder done in Vienna.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And God created man in his own <b>image</b>.
<i>Gen. i. 27.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: The likeness of anything to which worship is paid; an idol.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven <b>image</b>, . . . thou shalt not bow down thyself to them.
<i>Ex. xx. 4, 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Show; appearance; cast.</def>

<blockquote>The face of things a frightful <b>image</b> bears.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A representation of anything to the mind; a picture drawn by the fancy; a conception; an idea.</def>

<blockquote>Can we conceive
<b>Image</b> of aught delightful, soft, or great?
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A picture, example, or illustration, often taken from sensible objects, and used to illustrate a subject; usually, an extended metaphor.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The figure or picture of any object formed at the focus of a lens or mirror, by rays of light from the several points of the object symmetrically refracted or reflected to corresponding points in such focus; this may be received on a screen, a photographic plate, or the retina of the eye, and viewed directly by the eye, or with an eyeglass, as in the telescope and microscope; the likeness of an object formed by reflection; <as>as, to see one's <ex>image</ex> in a mirror</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Electrical image</col>. <cd>See under <er>Electrical</er>.</cd> -- <col>Image breaker</col>, <cd>one who destroys images; an iconoclast.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Image graver</col>, <col>Image maker</col></mcol>, <cd>a sculptor.</cd> -- <col>Image worship</col>, <cd>the worship of images as symbols; iconolatry distinguished from idolatry; the worship of images themselves.</cd> -- <col>Image Purkinje</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the image of the retinal blood vessels projected in, not merely on, that membrane.</cd> -- <col>Virtual image</col> <fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>a point or system of points, on one side of a mirror or lens, which, if it existed, would emit the system of rays which actually exists on the other side of the mirror or lens.</cd></cs>

<i>Clerk Maxwell.</i>

<h1>Image</h1>
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<hw>Im"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imaged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imaging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To represent or form an image of; <as>as, the still lake <ex>imaged</ex> the shore; the mirror <ex>imaged</ex> her figure.</as></def> "Shrines of <i>imaged</i> saints."

<i>J. Warton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To represent to the mental vision; to form a likeness of by the fancy or recollection; to imagine.</def>

<blockquote>Condemn'd whole years in absence to deplore,
And <b>image</b> charms he must behold no more.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imageable</h1>
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<hw>Im"age*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be imaged.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Imageless</h1>
<Xpage=729>

<hw>Im"age*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no image.</def>

<i>Shelley.</i>

<h1>Imager</h1>
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<hw>Im"a*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who images or forms likenesses; a sculptor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Praxiteles was ennobled for a rare <b>imager</b>.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imagery</h1>
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<hw>Im"age*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>imagerie</ets>, F. <ets>imagerie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The work of one who makes images or visible representation of objects; imitation work; images in general, or in mass.</def> "Painted <i>imagery</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>In those oratories might you see
Rich carvings, portraitures, and <b>imagery</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Unreal show; imitation; appearance.</def>

<blockquote>What can thy <b>imagery</b> of sorrow mean?
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The work of the imagination or fancy; false ideas; imaginary phantasms.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>imagery</b> of a melancholic fancy.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Rhetorical decoration in writing or speaking; vivid descriptions presenting or suggesting images of sensible objects; figures in discourse.</def>

<blockquote>I wish there may be in this poem any instance of good <b>imagery</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imaginability</h1>
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<hw>Im*ag`i*na*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capacity for imagination.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Imaginable</h1>
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<hw>Im*ag"i*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imaginabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imaginable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being imagined; conceivable.</def>

<blockquote>Men sunk into the greatest darkness <b>imaginable</b>.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Im*ag"i*na*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Im*ag"i*na*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Imaginal</h1>
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<hw>Im*ag"i*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imaginalis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Characterized by imagination; imaginative; also, given to the use or rhetorical figures or imagins.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an imago.</def>

<cs><col>Imaginal disks</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larv\'91 of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Imaginant</h1>
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<hw>Im*ag"i*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imaginans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>imaginari</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imaginant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Imagining; conceiving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Bacon</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An imaginer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Glanvill</i>.</def2>

<h1>Imaginarily</h1>
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<hw>Im*ag"i*na*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>In a imaginary manner; in imagination.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Imaginariness</h1>
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<hw>Im*ag"i*na*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being imaginary; unreality.</def>

<h1>Imaginary</h1>
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<hw>Im*ag"i*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imaginarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imaginaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Existing only in imagination or fancy; not real; fancied; visionary; ideal.</def>

<blockquote>Wilt thou add to all the griefs I suffer
<b>Imaginary</b> ills and fancied tortures?
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Imaginary calculus</col> <cd>See under <er>Calculus</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Imaginary expression</col> &or; <col>quantity</col></mcol> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>an algebraic expression which involves the impossible operation of taking the square root of a negative quantity; as, <mathex>&root;-9</mathex>, <mathex>a + b &root;-1</mathex>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Imaginary points</col>, <col>lines</col>, <col>surfaces</col></mcol>, etc. <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>points, lines, surfaces, etc., imagined to exist, although by reason of certain changes of a figure they have in fact ceased to have a real existence.</cd></syn

<syn>Syn. -- Ideal; fanciful; chimerical; visionary; fancied; unreal; illusive.</def>

<h1>Imaginary</h1>
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<hw>Im*ag"i*na*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>An imaginary expression or quantity.</def>

<h1>Imaginate</h1>
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<hw>Im*ag"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Imaginative.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Imagination</h1>
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<hw>Im*ag`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>imaginacionum</ets>, F. <ets>imagination</ets>, fr. L. <ets>imaginatio</ets>. See <er>Imagine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The imagine-making power of the mind; the power to create or reproduce ideally an object of sense previously perceived; the power to call up mental imagines.</def>

<blockquote>Our simple apprehension of corporeal objects, if present, is sense; if absent, is <b>imagination</b>.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Imagination</b> is of three kinds: joined with belief of that which is to come; joined with memory of that which is past; and of things present, or as if they were present.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The representative power; the power to reconstruct or recombine the materials furnished by direct apprehension; the complex faculty usually termed the <i>plastic</i> or <i>creative</i> power; the fancy.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>imagination</b> of common language -- the productive <b>imagination</b> of philosophers -- is nothing but the representative process plus the process to which I would give the name of the "comparative."
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The power of the mind to decompose its conceptions, and to recombine the elements of them at its pleasure, is called its faculty of <b>imagination</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The business of conception is to present us with an exact transcript of what we have felt or perceived. But we have moreover a power of modifying our conceptions, by combining the parts of different ones together, so as to form new wholes of our creation. I shall employ the word <b>imagination</b> to express this power.
<i>Stewart.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The power to recombine the materials furnished by experience or memory, for the accomplishment of an elevated purpose; the power of conceiving and expressing the ideal.</def>

<blockquote>The lunatic, the lover, and the poet
Are of <b>imagination</b> all compact . . .
The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling,
Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven,
And as <b>imagination</b> bodies forth
The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen
Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing
A local habitation and a name.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A mental image formed by the action of the imagination as a faculty; a conception; a notion.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Conception; idea; conceit; fancy; device; origination; invention; scheme; design; purpose; contrivance.</syn> -- <usage><er>Imagination</er>, <er>Fancy</er>. These words have, to a great extent, been interchanged by our best writers, and considered as strictly synonymous. A distinction, however, is now made between them which more fully exhibits their nature. Properly speaking, they are different exercises of the same general power -- the plastic or creative faculty. <i>Imagination</i> consists in taking parts of our conceptions and combining them into new forms and images more select, more striking, more delightful, more terrible, etc., than those of ordinary nature. It is the higher exercise of the two. It creates by laws more closely connected with the reason; it has <i>strong emotion</i> as its actuating and formative cause; it aims at results of a definite and weighty character. Milton's fiery lake, the debates of his Pandemonium, the exquisite scenes of his Paradise, are all products of the imagination. <i>Fancy</i> moves on a lighter wing; it is governed by laws of association which are more remote, and sometimes arbitrary or capricious. Hence the term <i>fanciful</i>, which exhibits fancy in its wilder flights. It has for its actuating spirit feelings of a lively, gay, and versatile character; it seeks to please by unexpected combinations of thought, startling contrasts, flashes of brilliant imagery, etc. Pope's Rape of the Lock is an exhibition of fancy which has scarcely its equal in the literature of any country. -- "This, for instance, Wordworth did in respect of the words \'bfimagination' and \'bffancy.' Before he wrote, it was, I suppose, obscurely felt by most that in \'bfimagination' there was more of the earnest, in \'bffancy' of the play of the spirit; that the first was a loftier faculty and gift than the second; yet for all this words were continually, and not without loss, confounded. He first, in the preface to his Lyrical Ballads, rendered it henceforth impossible that any one, who had read and mastered what he has written on the two words, should remain unconscious any longer of the important difference between them." <i>Trench</i>.</usage>

<blockquote>The same power, which we should call <b>fancy</b> if employed on a production of a light nature, would be dignified with the title of <b>imagination</b> if shown on a grander scale.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="730">
Page 730<p>

<h1>Imaginational</h1>
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<hw>Im*ag`i*na"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, involving, or caused by, imagination.</def>

<h1>Imaginationalism</h1>
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<hw>Im*ag`i*na"tion*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Idealism.</def>

<i>J. Grote.</i>

<h1>Imaginative</h1>
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<hw>Im*ag"i*na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>imaginatif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Proceeding from, and characterized by, the imagination, generally in the highest sense of the word.</def>

<blockquote>In all the higher departments of <b>imaginative</b> art, nature still constitues an important element.
<i>Mure.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Given to imagining; full of images, fancies, etc.; having a quick imagination; conceptive; creative.</def>

<blockquote>Milton had a highly <b>imaginative</b>, Cowley a very fanciful mind.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Unreasonably suspicious; jealous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Im*ag"i*na*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Im*ag"i*na*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Imagine</h1>
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<hw>Im*ag"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imagined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imagining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>imaginer</ets>, L. <ets>imaginari</ets>, p.p. <ets>imaginatus</ets>, fr. <ets>imago</ets> image. See <er>Image</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form in the mind a notion or idea of; to form a mental image of; to conceive; to produce by the imagination.</def>

<blockquote>In the night, <b>imagining</b> some fear,
How easy is a bush supposed a bear!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To contrive in purpose; to scheme; to devise; to compass; to purpose. See <er>Compass</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 5.</def>

<blockquote>How long will ye <b>imagine</b> mischief against a man?
<i>Ps. lxii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To represent to one's self; to think; to believe.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To fancy; conceive; apprehend; think; believe; suppose; opine; deem; plan; scheme; devise.</syn>

<h1>Imagine</h1>
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<hw>Im*ag"ine</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form images or conceptions; to conceive; to devise.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To think; to suppose.</def>

<blockquote>My sister is not so defenseless left
As you <b>imagine</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imaginer</h1>
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<hw>Im*ag"in*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who forms ideas or conceptions; one who contrives.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Imaginous</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*ag"in*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Imaginative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Imago</h1>
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<hw>I*ma"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Imagoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Image</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An image.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The final adult, and usually winged, state of an insect. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Ant-lion</er>, and <er>Army worm</er>.</def>

<h1>Imam, Iman, Imaum</h1>
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<hw><hw>I*mam"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>I*man"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>I*maum"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>im\'bem</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Among the Mohammedans, a minister or priest who performs the regular service of the mosque.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Mohammedan prince who, as a successor of Mohammed, unites in his person supreme spiritual and temporal power.</def>

<h1>Imaret</h1>
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<hw>I*ma"ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk., fr. Ar. <ets>'im\'bera</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lodging house for Mohammedan pilgrims.</def>

<i>Moore.</i>

<h1>Imbalm</h1>
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<hw>Im*balm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Embalm</er>.</def>

<h1>Imban</h1>
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<hw>Im*ban"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put under a ban.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Barlow.</i>

<h1>Imband</h1>
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<hw>Im*band"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form into a band or bands.</def> "<i>Imbanded</i> nations."

<i>J. Barlow.</i>

<h1>Imbank</h1>
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<hw>Im*bank"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imbanked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imbanking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>bank</ets>. Cf. <er>Embank</er>.]</ety> <def>To inclose or defend with a bank or banks. See <er>Embank</er>.</def>

<h1>Imbankment</h1>
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<hw>Im*bank"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of surrounding with a bank; a bank or mound raised for defense, a roadway, etc.; an embankment. See <er>Embankment</er>.</def>

<h1>Imbannered</h1>
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<hw>Im*ban"nered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having banners.</def>

<h1>Imbar</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*bar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bar in; to secure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>imbar</b> their crooked titles.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imbargo</h1>
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<hw>Im*bar"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Embargo</er>.</def>

<h1>Imbark</h1>
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<hw>Im*bark"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>See <er>Embark</er>.</def>

<h1>Imbarn</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*barn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To store in a barn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Imbase</h1>
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<hw>Im*base"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Embase</er>.</def>

<h1>Imbase</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*base"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To diminish in value.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hales.</i>

<h1>Imbastardize</h1>
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<hw>Im*bas"tard*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bastardize; to debase.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Imbathe</h1>
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<hw>Im*bathe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>bathe</ets>. Cf. <er>Embathe</er>.]</ety> <def>To bathe; to wash freely; to immerce.</def>

<blockquote>And gave her to his daughters to <b>imbathe</b>
In nectared lavers strewed with asphodel.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imbay</h1>
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<hw>Im*bay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Embay</er>.</def>

<h1>Imbecile</h1>
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<hw>Im"be*cile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imbecillis</ets>, and <ets>imbecillus</ets>; of unknown origin: cf. F. <ets>imb\'82cile</ets>.]</ety> <def>Destitute of strength, whether of body or mind; feeble; impotent; esp., mentally wea; feeble-minded; <as>as, hospitals for the <ex>imbecile</ex> and insane</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Weak; feeble; feeble-minded; idiotic.</syn>

<h1>Imbecile</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im"be*cile</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One destitute of strength; esp., one of feeble mind.</def>

<h1>Imbecile</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im"be*cile</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To weaken; to make imbecile; <as>as, to <ex>imbecile</ex> men's courage</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Imbecilitate</h1>
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<hw>Im`be*cil"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To weaken, as to the body or the mind; to enfeeble.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>A. Wilson.</i>

<h1>Imbecility</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im`be*cil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Imbecilities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>imbecillitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imb\'82cillit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being imbecile; weakness; feebleness, esp. of mind.</def>

<blockquote>Cruelty . . . argues not only a depravedness of nature, but also a meanness of courage and <b>imbecility</b> of mind.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This term is used specifically to denote natural weakness of the mental faculties, affecting one's power to act reasonably or intelligently.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Debility; infirmity; weakness; feebleness; impotence. See <er>Debility</er>.</syn>

<h1>Imbed</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*bed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imbedded</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imbedding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>bed</ets>. Cf. <er>Embed</er>.]</ety> <def>To sink or lay, as in a bed; to deposit in a partly inclosing mass, as of clay or mortar; to cover, as with earth, sand, etc.</def>

<h1>Imbellic</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*bel"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imbellis</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> = <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>bellum</ets> war; cf. <ets>bellicus</ets> warlike.]</ety> <def>Not warlike or martial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. Junius.</i>

<h1>Imbenching</h1>
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<hw>Im*bench"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>bench</ets>.]</ety> <def>A raised work like a bench.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Parkhurst.</i>

<h1>Imber-goose</h1>
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<hw>Im"ber-goose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The loon. See <er>Ember-goose</er>.</def>

<h1>Imbezzle</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*bez"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Embezzle</er>.</def>

<h1>Imbibe</h1>
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<hw>Im*bibe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imbibed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imbibing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>imbibere</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>bibere</ets> to drink: cf. F. <ets>imbiber</ets>. Cf. <er>Bib</er>, <er>Imbue</er>, <er>Potable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To drink in; to absorb; to suck or take in; to receive as by drinking; <as>as, a person <ex>imbibes</ex> drink, or a sponge <ex>imbibes</ex> moisture</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To receive or absorb into the mind and retain; <as>as, to <ex>imbibe</ex> principles; to <ex>imbibe</ex> errors.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To saturate; to imbue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Earth, <i>imbibed</i> with . . . acid."

<i>Sir I. Newton.</i>

<h1>Imbiber</h1>
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<hw>Im*bib"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, imbibes.</def>

<h1>Imbibition</h1>
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<hw>Im`bi*bi"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>imbibition</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of imbibing, or absorbing; <as>as, the post-mortem <ex>imbibition</ex> of poisons</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Imbitter</h1>
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<hw>Im*bit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imbittered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imbittering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>bitter</ets>. Cf. <er>Embitter</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>embitter</asp>.]</altsp> <def>To make bitter; hence, to make distressing or more distressing; to make sad, morose, sour, or malignant.</def>

<blockquote>Is there anything that more <b>imbitters</b> the enjoyment of this life than shame?
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Imbittered</b> against each other by former contests.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imbitterer</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*bit"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, imbitters.</def>

<h1>Imbitterment</h1>
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<hw>Im*bit"ter*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of imbittering; bitter feeling; embitterment.</def>

<h1>Imblaze</h1>
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<hw>Im*blaze"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Emblaze</er>.</def>

<h1>Imblazon</h1>
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<hw>Im*bla"zon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Emblazon</er>.</def>

<h1>Imbody</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*bod"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Embody</er>.]</ety> <def>To become corporeal; to assume the qualities of a material body. See <er>Embody</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The soul grows clotted by contagion,
<b>Imbodies</b>, and imbrutes.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imboil</h1>
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<hw>Im*boil"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Emboil</er>.</def>

<h1>Imbolden</h1>
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<hw>Im*bold"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Embolden</er>.</def>

<h1>Imbonity</h1>
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<hw>Im*bon"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + L. <ets>bonitas</ets> goodness.]</ety> <def>Want of goodness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Imborder</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*bor"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imbordered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imbordering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>border</ets>. Cf. <er>Emborder</er>.]</ety> <def>To furnish or inclose with a border; to form a border of.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Imbosk</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*bosk"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imbosked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imbosking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[CF. It. <ets>imboscare</ets> to imbosk, <ets>imboscarsi</ets> to retire into a wood; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>bosco</ets> wood. See <er>Boscage</er>, and cf. <er>Ambush</er>.]</ety> <def>To conceal, as in bushes; to hide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Imbosk</h1>
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<hw>Im*bosk"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be concealed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Imbosom</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*bos"om</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imbosomed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imbosoming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>bosom</ets>. Cf. <er>Embosom</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hold in the bosom; to cherish in the heart or affection; to embosom.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inclose or place in the midst of; to surround or shelter; <as>as, a house <ex>imbosomed</ex> in a grove</as>.</def> "Villages <i>imbosomed</i> soft in trees."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<blockquote>The Father infinite,
By whom in bliss <b>imbosomed</b> sat the Son.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imboss</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*boss"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Emboss</er>.</def>

<h1>Imbosture</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*bos"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Emboss</er>.]</ety> <def>Embossed or raised work.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Imbound</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*bound"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inclose in limits; to shut in.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Imbow</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*bow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>bow</ets>. Cf. <er>Embow</er>.]</ety> <def>To make like a bow; to curve; to arch; to vault; to embow.</def> "<i>Imbowed</i> windows."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Imbowel</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*bow"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Embowel</er>.</def>

<h1>Imbower</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*bow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Embower</er>.</def>

<h1>Imbowment</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*bow"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>act of imbowing; an arch; a vault.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Imbox</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*box"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inclose in a box.</def>

<h1>Imbracery</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*bra"cer*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Embracery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Imbraid</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*braid"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Embraid</er>.</def>

<h1>Imbrangle</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*bran"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To entangle as in a cobweb; to mix confusedly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<blockquote>Physiology <b>imbrangled</b> with an inapplicable logic.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imbreed</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*breed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Inbreed</er>.]</ety> <def>To generate within; to inbreed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hakewill.</i>

<h1>Imbricate, Imbricated</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw><hw>Im"bri*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Im"bri*ca`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imbricatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>imbricare</ets> to cover with tiles, to form like a gutter tile, fr. <ets>imbrex</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, a hollow tile, gutter tile, fr. <ets>imber</ets> rain.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bent and hollowed like a roof or gutter tile.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lying over each other in regular order, so as to "break joints," like tiles or shingles on a roof, the scales on the leaf buds of plants and the cups of some acorns, or the scales of fishes; overlapping each other at the margins, as leaves in \'91stivation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In decorative art: Having scales lapping one over the other, or a representation of such scales; <as>as, an <ex>imbricated</ex> surface; an <ex>imbricated</ex> pattern.</as></def>

<h1>Imbricate</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im"bri*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lay in order, one lapping over another, so as to form an imbricated surface.</def>

<h1>Imbrication</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im`bri*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>imbrication</ets>.]</ety> <def>An overlapping of the edges, like that of tiles or shingles; hence, intricacy of structure; also, a pattern or decoration representing such a structure.</def>

<h1>Imbricative</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im"bri*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Imbricate.</def>

<h1>Imbrocado</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im`bro*ca"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Imbrocadoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Brocade</er>.]</ety> <def>Cloth of silver or of gold.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Imbrocata, Imbroccata</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw><hw>Im`bro*ca"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Im`broc*ca"ta</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>imbroccata</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hit or thrust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Imbroglio</h1>
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<hw>Im*brogl"io</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Imbroglios</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <altsp>[Written also <asp>embroglio</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[It. See 1st <er>Broil</er>, and cf. <er>Embroil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An intricate, complicated plot, as of a drama or work of fiction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A complicated and embarrassing state of things; a serious misunderstanding.</def>

<blockquote>Wrestling to free itself from the baleful <b>imbroglio</b>.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imbrown</h1>
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<hw>Im*brown"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>brown</ets>. Cf. <er>Embrown</er>.]</ety> <def>To make brown; to obscure; to darken; to tan; <as>as, features <ex>imbrowned</ex> by exposure</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The mountain mass by scorching skies <b>imbrowned</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imbrue</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*brue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imbureed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imbureing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>embruer</ets>, also <ets>embruver</ets>, <ets>embreuver</ets>, <ets>embrever</ets>, to give to drink, soak (see pref. <er>En-</er>, 1, 1st <er>In-</er>, and <er>Breverage</er>), but also OE. <ets>enbrewen</ets>, <ets>enbrowen</ets>, to stain, soil (cf. <er>Brewis</er>).]</ety> <def>To wet or moisten; to soak; to drench, especially in blood.</def>

<blockquote>While Darwen stream, will blood of Scots <b>imbrued</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imbruement</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*brue"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of imbruing or state of being imbrued.</def>

<h1>Imbrute</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*brute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imbruted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imbruting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>brute</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abrutir</ets>. Cf. <er>Embrute</er>.]</ety> <def>To degrade to the state of a brute; to make brutal.</def>

<blockquote>And mixed with bestial slime,
THis essence to incarnate and <b>imbrute</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imbrute</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*brute"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sink to the state of a brute.</def>

<blockquote>The soul grows clotted by contagion,
Imbodies, and <b>imbrutes</b>, till she quite lose
The divine property of her first being.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imbrutement</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*brute"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of imbruting, or the state of being imbruted.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Brydges.</i>

<h1>Imbue</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*bue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imbued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imbuing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>imbuere</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + perh. a disused simple word akin to L. <ets>bibere</ets> to drink. Cf. <er>Imbibe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To tinge deeply; to dye; to cause to absorb; <as>as, clothes thoroughly <ex>imbued</ex> with black</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To tincture deply; to cause to become impressed or penetrated; <as>as, to <ex>imbue</ex> the minds of youth with good principles</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thy words with grace divine
<b>Imbued</b>, bring to their sweetness no satiety.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imbuement</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*bue"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of imbuing; the state of being imbued; hence, a deep tincture.</def>

<h1>Imburse</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*burse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>burse</ets>: cf. F. <ets>embourser</ets> to put into one's purse. See <er>Burse</er>, and <er>Purse</er>.]</ety> <def>To supply or stock with money.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Imbursement</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*burse"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of imbursing, or the state of being imbursed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Money laid up in stock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Imbution</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im*bu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An imbuing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Imesatin</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>I*mes"a*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Im</ets>id<ets>e</ets> + i<ets>satin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A dark yellow, crystalline substance, obtained by the action of ammonia on isatin.</def>

<h1>Imide</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound with, or derivative of, the imido group; specif., a compound of one or more acid radicals with the imido group, or with a monamine; hence, also, a derivative of ammonia, in which two atoms of hydrogen have been replaced by divalent basic or acid radicals; -- frequently used as a combining form; <as>as, succin<ex>imide</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Imido</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im"i*do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, containing, or combined with, the radical NH, which is called the <i>imido group</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Imido acid</col>, <cd>an organic acid, consisting of one or more acid radicals so united with the imido group that it contains replaceable acid hydrogen, and plays the part of an acid; as, uric acid, succinimide, etc., are <i>imido acids<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Imitability</h1>
<Xpage=730>

<hw>Im`it*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Imitable</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being imitable.</def>

<i>Norris.</i>

<hr>
<page="731">
Page 731<p>

<h1>Imitable</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im"i*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imitabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imitable</ets>. See <er>Imitate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capble of being imitated or copied.</def>

<blockquote>The characters of man placed in lower stations of life are more usefull, as being <b>imitable</b> by great numbers.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Worthy of imitation; <as>as, <ex>imitable</ex> character or qualities</as>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Imitableness</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im"i*ta*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being imitable; worthness of imitation.</def>

<h1>Imitancy</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im"i*tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>imitans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>imitare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tendency to imitation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Imitate</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imitated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imitating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>imitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>imitari</ets> to imitate; of unknown origin. Cf. <er>Image</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To follow as a pattern, model, or example; to copy or strive to copy, in acts, manners etc.</def>

<blockquote>Despise wealth and <b>imitate</b> a dog.
<i>Cowlay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To produce a semblance or likeness of, in form, character, color, qualities, conduct, manners, and the like; to counterfeit; to copy.</def>

<blockquote>A place picked out by choice of best alive
The Nature's work by art can <b>imitate</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This hand appeared a shining sword to weild,
And that sustained an <b>imitated</b> shield.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To resemble (another species of animal, or a plant, or inanimate object) in form, color, ornamentation, or instinctive habits, so as to derive an advantage thereby; sa, when a harmless snake <i>imitates</i> a venomous one in color and manner, or when an odorless insect <i>imitates</i>, in color, one having secretion offensive to birds.</def>

<h1>Imitation</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im"i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imitation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of imitating.</def>

<blockquote>Poesy is an art of <b>imitation</b>, . . . that is to say, a representing, counterfeiting, or figuring forth.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is made or produced as a copy; that which is made to resemble something else, whether for laudable or for fraudulent purposes; likeness; resemblance.</def>

<blockquote>Both these arts are not only true <b>imitations</b> of nature, but of the best nature.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One of the principal means of securing unity and consistency in polyphonic composition; the repetition of essentially the same melodic theme, phrase, or motive, on different degrees of pitch, by one or more of the other parts of voises. Cf. <er>Canon</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The act of condition of imitating another species of animal, or a plant, or unanimate object. See <er>Imitate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 3.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Imitation</i> is often used adjectively to characterize things which have a deceptive appearance, simulating the qualities of a superior article; -- opposed to <i>real</i> or <i>genuine</i>; as, <i>imitation</i> lace; <i>imitation</i> bronze; <i>imitation</i> modesty, etc.</note>

<h1>Imitational</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im`i*ta"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or employed in, imitation; <as>as, <ex>imitational</ex> propensities</as>.</def>

<h1>Imitative</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im"i*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imitavitus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imitatif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclined to imitate, copy, or follow; imitating; exhibiting some of the qualities or characteristics of a pattern or model; dependent on example; not original; <as>as, man is an <ex>imitative</ex> being; painting is an <ex>imitative</ex> art.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formed after a model, pattern, or original.</def>

<blockquote>This temple, less in form, with equal grace,
Was <b>imitative</b> of the first in Thrace.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Designed to imitate another species of animal, or a plant, or inanimate object, for some useful purpose, such as protection from enemies; having resamblance to something else; <as>as, <ex>imitative</ex> colors; <ex>imitative</ex> habits; dendritic and mammillary forms of minerals are <ex>imitative</ex>.</as></def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Im"i*ta*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Im"i*ta*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Imitative</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im"i*ta*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A verb expressive of imitation or resemblance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Imitater</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im"i*ta"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who imitates.</def>

<h1>Imitatorship</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im"i*ta`tor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or office of an imitator.</def> "Servile <i>imitatorship</i>."

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Imitatress</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im"i*ta`tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who is an imitator.</def>

<h1>Imitatrix</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im"i*ta`trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An imitatress.</def>

<h1>Immaculate</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*mac"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immaculatus</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>maculatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>maculare</ets> to spot, stane, fr. <ets>macula</ets> spot. See <er>Mail</er> armor.]</ety> <def>Without stain or blemish; spotless; undefiled; clear; pure.</def>

<blockquote>Were but my soul as pure
From other guilt as that, Heaven did not hold
One more <b>immaculate</b>.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou sheer, <b>immaculate</b> and silver fountain.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Immaculate conception</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>the doctrine that the Virgin Mary was conceived without original sin.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Im*mac"u*late*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Im*mac"u*late*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Immailed</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*mailed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing mail or armor; clad of armor.</def>

<i>W. Browne.</i>

<h1>Immalleable</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*mal"le*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not maleable.</def>

<h1>Immanacle</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*man"a*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Immanacled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Immanacling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To manacle; to fetter; hence; to confine; to restrain from free action.</def>

<blockquote>Although this corporal rind
Thou hast <b>immanacled</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Immanation</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im"ma*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + L. <ets>manare</ets> to flow; cf. <ets>mantio</ets> a flowing.]</ety> <def>A flowing or entering in; -- opposed to emanation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Good.</i>

<h1>Immane</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*mane"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immanis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Very great; huge; vast; also, monstrous in character; inhuman; atrocious; fierce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "So <i>immane</i> a man."

<i>Chapman.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Im*mane"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Immanence, Immanency</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw><hw>Im"ma*nence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Im"ma*nen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or quality of being immanent; inherence; an indwelling.</def>

<blockquote>[Clement] is mainly concerned in enforcing the <b>immanence</b> of God. Christ is everywhere presented by him as Deity indwelling in the world.
<i>A. V. G. Allen.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Immanent</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im"ma*nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immanens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>immanere</ets> to remain in or near; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>manere</ets> to remain: cf. F. <ets>immanent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Remaining within; inherent; indwelling; abiding; intrinsic; internal or subjective; hence, limited in activity, agency, or effect, to the subject or associated acts; -- opposed to <i>emanant</i>, <i>transitory</i>, <i>transitive</i>, or <i>objective</i>.</def>

<blockquote>A cognition is an <b>immanent</b> act of mind.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An <b>immanent</b> power in the life of the world.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Immanifest</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*man"i*fest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not manifest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Immanity</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*man"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immanitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being immane; barbarity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Immantle</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*man"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Emmantle</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Immanuel</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*man"u*el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>'imm\'ben<?/\'c7l</ets>, fr. <ets>'im</ets> with + <ets>\'ben<?/</ets> us + <ets>\'c7l</ets> God.]</ety> <def>God with us; -- an appellation of the Christ.</def>

<i>Is. vii. 14. Matt. i. 23.</i>

<h1>Immarcescible</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im`mar*ces"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immarcescibilis</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>marcescere</ets> to fade: cf. F. <ets>immarcescible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unfading; lasting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Immarcescibly</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im`mar*ces"ci*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Unfadingly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Immarginate</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*mar"gin*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Not having a distinctive margin or border.</def>

<i>Grey.</i>

<h1>Immartial</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*mar"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not martial; unwarlike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Immask</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*mask"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover, as with a mask; to disguise or conceal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Immatchable</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*match"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Matchless; peerless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Immaterrial</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im"ma*ter"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>material</ets>: cf. F. <ets>immat\'82riel</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not consisting of matter; incorporeal; spiritual; disembodied.</def>

<blockquote>Angels are spirits <b>immaterial</b> and intellectual.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of no substantial consequence; without weight or significance; unimportant; <as>as, it is wholly <ex>immaterial</ex> whether he does so or not</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Unimportant; inconsequential; insignificant; inconsiderable; trifling.</syn>

<h1>Immaterialism</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im`ma*te"ri*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>immat\'82rialisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The doctrine that immaterial substances or spiritual being exist, or are possible.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The doctrine that external bodies may be reduced to mind and ideas in a mind; any doctrine opposed to materialism or phenomenalism, esp. a system that maintains the immateriality of the soul; idealism; esp., Bishop Berkeley's theory of idealism.</def>

<h1>Immaterialist</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im`ma*te"ri*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>immat\'82rialiste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>One who believes in or professes, immaterialism.</def>

<h1>Immateriality</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im`ma*te`ri*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Immaterialities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>immat\'82rialit</ets>\'82.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being immaterial or incorporeal; <as>as, the <ex>immateriality</ex> of the soul</as>.</def>

<h1>Immaterialize</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im`ma*te"ri*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>immat\'82rialiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To render immaterial or incorporeal.</def>

<blockquote><b>Immateralized</b> spirits.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Immaterially</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im`ma*te"ri*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an immaterial manner; without matter or corporeal substance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In an unimportant manner or degree.</def>

<h1>Immaterialness</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im`ma*te"ri*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being immaterial; immateriality.</def>

<h1>Immateriate</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im`ma*te"ri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Immaterial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Immature</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im`ma*ture"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immaturus</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>maturus</ets> mature, ripe. See <er>Mature</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not mature; unripe; not arrived at perfection of full development; crude; unfinished; <as>as, <ex>immature</ex> fruit; <ex>immature</ex> character; <ex>immature</ex> plans.</as></def> "An ill-measured and <i>immature</i> counsel."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Premature; untimely; too early; <as>as, an immature death</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Immatured</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im`ma*tured"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Immature.</def>

<h1>Immaturely</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im`ma*ture"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an immature manner.</def>

<i>Warburion.</i>

<h1>Immatureness</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im`ma*ture"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being immature; immaturity.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Immaturity</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im`ma*tu"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immaturitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>immaturit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being immature or not fully developed; unripeness; incompleteness.</def>

<blockquote>When the world has outgrown its intellectual <b>immaturity</b>.
<i>Caird.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Immeability</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im`me*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + L. <ets>meabilis</ets> passable, fr. <ets>meare</ets> to pass.]</ety> <def>Want of power to pass, or to permit passage; impassableness.</def>

<blockquote><b>Immeability</b> of the juices.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Immeasurability</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*meas`ur*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being immeasurable; immensurability.</def>

<h1>Immeasurable</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*meas"ur*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>measurable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>measurable</ets>. Cf. <er>Immensurable</er>, <er>Unmeasurable</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapble of being measured; indefinitely extensive; illimitable; immensurable; vast.</def>

<blockquote>Of depth <b>immeasurable</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Immeasurableness</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*meas"ur*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being immeasurable.</def>

<blockquote>Eternity and <b>immeasurableness</b> belong to thought alone.
<i>F. W. Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Immeasurably</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*meas"ur*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an immeasurable manner or degree.</def> "<i>Immeasurably</i> distant."

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<h1>Immeasured</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*meas"ured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Immeasurable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Immechanical</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im`me*chan"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not mechanical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Cheyne</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Im"me*chan"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Immediacy</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*me"di*a*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The relation of freedom from the interventionof a medium; immediateness.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Immediate</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*me"di*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>imm\'82diat</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Mediate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not separated in respect to place by anything intervening; proximate; close; <as>as, <ex>immediate</ex> contact</as>.</def>

<blockquote>You are the most <b>immediate</b> to our throne.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not deferred by an interval of time; present; instant.</def> "Assemble we <i>immediate</i> council."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Death . . . not yet inflicted, as he feared,
By some <b>immediate</b> stroke.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Acting with nothing interposed or between, or without the intervention of another object as a cause, means, or agency; acting, perceived, or produced, directly; <as>as, an <ex>immediate</ex> cause</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>immediate</b> knowledge of the past is therefore impossible.
<i>Sir. W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Immediate amputation</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>an amputation performed within the first few hours after an injury, and before the the effects of the shock have passed away.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Proximate; close; direct; next.</syn>

<h1>Immediately</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*me"di*ate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an immediate manner; without intervention of any other person or thing; proximately; directly; -- opposed to <i>mediately</i>; <as>as, <ex>immediately</ex> contiguous</as>.</def>

<blockquote>God's acceptance of it either <b>immediately</b> by himself, or mediately by the hands of the bishop.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without interval of time; without delay; promptly; instantly; at once.</def>

<blockquote>And Jesus . . . touched him, saying, I will; be thou clean. And <b>immediately</b> his leprosy was cleansed.
<i>Matt. viii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>As soon as. Cf. <er>Directly</er>, <p><b>8</b>, Note.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Directly; instantly; quickly; forthwith; straightway; presently. See <er>Directly</er>.</syn>

<h1>Immediateness</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*me"di*ate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or relations of being immediate in manner, place, or time; exemption from second or interventing causes.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Immedeatism</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*me"de*a*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Immediateness.</def>

<h1>Immedicable</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*med"i*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Immedicabilis</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Medicable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not to be healed; incurable.</def> "Wounds <i>immedicable</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Immelodious</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im`me*lo"di*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not melodious.</def>

<h1>Immemorable</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*mem"o*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immemorabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not +  <ets>memorabilis</ets> memorable: cf. F. <ets>imm\'82morable</ets>. See <er>Memorable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not memorable; not worth remembering.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Immemorial</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im`me*mo"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>memorial</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imm\'82morial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Extending beyond the reach of memory, record, or tradition; indefinitely ancient; <as>as, existing from time <ex>immemorial</ex></as>.</def> "<i>Immemorial</i> elms." <i>Tennyson</i>. "<i>Immemorial</i> usage or custom." <i>Sir M. Hale</i>.

<cs><col>Time immemorial</col> <fld>(Eng. Law.)</fld>, <cd>a time antedating (legal) history, and beyond "legal memory" so called; formerly an indefinite time, but in 1276 this time was fixed by statute as the begining of the reign of Richard I. (1189). Proof of unbroken possession or use of any right since that date made it unnecessary to establish the original grant. In 1832 the plan of dating legal memory from a fixed time was abandoned and the principle substituted that rights which had been enjoyed for full twenty years (or as against the crown thirty years) should not be liable to impeachment merely by proving that they had not been enjoyed before.</cd></cs>

<h1>Immemorially</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im`me*mo"ri*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Beyond memory.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Immense</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*mense"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immensus</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>mensus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>metiri</ets> to measure: cf. F. <ets>immense</ets>. See <er>Measure</er>.]</ety> <def>Immeasurable; unlimited. In commonest use: Very great; vast; huge.</def> "<i>Immense</i> the power" <i>Pope</i>. "<i>Immense</i> and boundless ocean." <i>Daniel</i>.

<blockquote>O Goodness infinite! Goodness <b>immense</b>!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Infinite; immeasurable; illimitable; unbounded; unlimited; interminable; vast; prodigious; enormous; monstrous. See <er>Enormous</er>.</syn>

<h1>Immensely</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*mense"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In immense manner or degree.</def>

<h1>Immenseness</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*mense"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being immense.</def>

<h1>Immensible</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*men"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Immense</ets> + -<ets>ible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Immeasurable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Davies.</i>

<h1>Immensity</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*men"si*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Immensities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>immensitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>immensit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being immense; inlimited or immeasurable extension; infinity; vastness in extent or bulk; greatness.</def>

<blockquote>Lost in the wilds of vast <b>immensity</b>.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>immensity</b> of the material system.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Immensive</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*men"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Huge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Herrick.</i>

<h1>Immensurability</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being immensurable.</def>

<h1>Immensurable</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*men"su*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + L. <ets>mensurabilis</ets> measurable: cf. F. <ets>immensurable</ets>. Cf. <er>Immeasurable</er>.]</ety> <def>Immeasurable.</def>

<blockquote>What an <b>immensurable</b> space is the firmament.
<i>Derham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Immensurate</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*men"su*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>mensurate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unmeasured; unlimited.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Immerge</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*merge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Immerged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Immerging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>immergere</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>mergere</ets> to dip, plunge: cf. F. <ets>immerger</ets>. See <er>Merge</er>, and cf. <er>Immerse</er>.]</ety> <def>To plungel into, under, or within anything especially a fuid; to dip; to immerse. See <er>Immerse</er>.</def>

<blockquote>We took . . . lukewarm water, and in it <b>immerged</b> a quantity of the leaves of senna.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their souls are <b>immerged</b> in matter.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Immerge</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*merge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To dissapear by entering into any medium, as a star into the light of the sun.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Immerit</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*mer"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of worth; demerit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Suckling.</i>

<h1>Immerited</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*mer"it*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unmerited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Charles I.</i>

<h1>Immeritous</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*mer"it*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immeritus</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>meritus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>merere</ets>, <ets>mereri</ets>, to deserve.]</ety> <def>Undeserving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Immersable</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*mers"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Immersible</er>.</def>

<h1>Immerse</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*merse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immersus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>immergere</ets>. See <er>Immerge</er>.]</ety> <def>Immersed; buried; hid; sunk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Things <i>immerse</i> in matter."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Immerse</h1>
<Xpage=731>

<hw>Im*merse"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Immersed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Immersing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To plunge into anything that surrounds or covers, especially into a fluid; to dip; to sink; to bury; to immerge.</def>

<blockquote>Deep <b>immersed</b> beneath its whirling wave.
<i>J Warton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>More than a mile <b>immersed</b> within the wood.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To baptize by immersion.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To engage deeply; to engross the attention of; to involve; to overhelm.</def>

<blockquote>The queen <b>immersed</b> in such a trance.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is impossible to have a lively hope in another life, and yet be deeply <b>immersed</b> inn the enjoyments of this.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="732">
Page 732<p>

<h1>Immersed</h1>
<Xpage=732>

<hw>Im*mersed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Deeply plunged into anything, especially a fluid.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deeply occupied; engrossed; entangled.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing wholly under water.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Immersible</h1>
<Xpage=732>

<hw>Im*mers"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Immerse</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being immersed.</def>

<h1>Immersible</h1>
<Xpage=732>

<hw>Im*mers"i*ble</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + L. <ets>mersus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>mergere</ets> to plunge.]</ety> <def>Not capable of being immersed.</def>

<h1>Immersion</h1>
<Xpage=732>

<hw>Im*mer"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immersio</ets>; cf. F. <ets>immersion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of immersing, or the state of being immersed; a sinking within a fluid; a dipping; <as>as, the <ex>immersion</ex> of Achilles in the Styx</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Submersion in water for the purpose of Christian baptism, <as>as, practiced by the Baptists</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of being overhelmed or deeply absorbed; deep engagedness.</def>

<blockquote>Too deep an <b>immersion</b> in the affairs of life.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The dissapearance of a celestail body, by passing either behind another, as in the occultation of a star, or into its shadow, as in the eclipse of a satellite; -- opposed to <i>emersion</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Immersion lens</col>, <cd>a microscopic objective of short focal distance designed to work with a drop of liquid, as oil, between the front lens and the slide, so that this lens is practically <i>immersed<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Immersionist</h1>
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<hw>Im*mer"sion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One who holds the doctrine that immersion is essential to Christian baptism.</def>

<h1>Immesh</h1>
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<hw>Im*mesh"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Immeshed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Immeshing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>mesh</ets>. Cf. <er>Inmesh</er>.]</ety> <def>To catch or entangle in, or as in, the meshes of a net. or in a web; to insnare.</def>

<h1>Immethodical</h1>
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<hw>Im`me*thod"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not methodical; without method or systematic arrangement; without order or regularity; confused.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Irregular; confused; disoderly; unsystematic; desultory.</syn>

<h1>Immethodically</h1>
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<hw>Im`me*thod"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without method; confusedly; unsystematically.</def>

<h1>Immethodicalness</h1>
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<hw>Im`me*thod"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of method.</def>

<h1>Immethodize</h1>
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<hw>Im*meth"od*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render immethodical; to destroy the method of; to confuse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Immetrical</h1>
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<hw>Im*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not metrical or rhythmical</def>. <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Immew</h1>
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<hw>Im*mew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Emmew</er>.</def>

<h1>Immigrant</h1>
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<hw>Im"mi*grant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immigrans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>immigrare</ets> to go into: cf. F. <ets>immigrant</ets>. See <er>Immigrate</er>.]</ety> <def>One who immigrates; one who comes to a country for the purpose of permanent residence; -- correlative of <i>emigrant</i>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Emigrant</er>.</syn>

<h1>Immigrate</h1>
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<hw>Im"mi*grate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Immigrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Immigrating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>immigrare</ets>, <ets>immigratum</ets>, to immigrate; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>migrare</ets> to migrate. See <er>Migrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To come into a country of which one is not a native, for the purpose of permanent residence. See <er>Emigrate</er>.</def>

<h1>Immigration</h1>
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<hw>Im"mi*gra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>immigration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of immigrating; the passing or coming into a country for the purpose of permanent residence.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>immigrations</b> of the Arabians into Europe.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imminence</h1>
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<hw>Im"mi*nence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>imminence</ets>, L. <ets>imminentia</ets>, See <er>Imminent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition or quality of being imminent; a threatening, as of something about to happen. The imminence of any danger or distress.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is imminent; impending evil or danger.</def> "But dare all <i>imminence</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Imminent</h1>
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<hw>Im"mi*nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imminens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>imminere</ets> to project; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>minere</ets> (in comp.) to jut, project. See <er>Eminent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Threatening to occur immediately; near at hand; impending; -- said especially of misfortune or peril.</def> "In danger <i>imminent</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Full of danger; threatening; menacing; perilous.</def>

<blockquote>Hairbreadth scapes i' the <b>imminent</b> deadly breach.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>(With <i>upon</i>) Bent upon; attentive to.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Their eyes ever <b>imminent</b> upon worldly matters.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Impending; threatening; near; at hand.</syn> --  <usage><er>Imminent</er>, <er>Impending</er>, <er>Threatening</er>. <i>Imminent</i> is the strongest: it denotes that something is ready to fall or happen on the instant; as, in <i>imminent</i> danger of one's life. <i>Impending</i> denotes that something hangs suspended over us, and may so remain indefinitely; as, the <i>impending</i> evils of war. <i>Threatening</i> supposes some danger in prospect, but more remote; as, <i>threatening</i> indications for the future.</usage>

<blockquote>Three times to-day
You have defended me from <b>imminent</b> death.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No story I unfold of public woes,
Nor bear advices of <b>impending</b> foes.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fierce faces <b>threatening</b> war.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imminently</h1>
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<hw>Im"mi*nent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an imminent manner.</def>

<h1>Immingle</h1>
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<hw>Im*min"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mingle; to mix; to unite; to blend.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Imminution</h1>
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<hw>Im`mi*nu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imminutio</ets>, fr. <ets>imminuere</ets>, <ets>imminutum</ets>, to lessen; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>minuere</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lessening; diminution; decrease.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Immiscibility</h1>
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<hw>Im*mis"ci*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>immiscibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incapability of being mixed, or mingled.</def>

<h1>Immiscible</h1>
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<hw>Im*mis"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>miscible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>immiscible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not capable of being mixed or mingled.</def>

<blockquote>A chaos of <b>immiscible</b> and conflicting particles.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Immission</h1>
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<hw>Im*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immissio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>immission</ets>. See <er>Immit</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of immitting, or of sending or thrusting in; injection; -- the correlative of <i>emission</i>.</def>

<h1>Immit</h1>
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<hw>Im*mit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Immitted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Immiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>immittere</ets>, <ets>immissum</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>mittere</ets> to send.]</ety> <def>To send in; to inject; to infuse; -- the correlative of <i>emit</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Immitigable</h1>
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<hw>Im*mit"i*ga*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immitigabilis</ets>; fr. pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>mitigare</ets> to mitigate.]</ety> <def>Not capable of being mitigated, softened, or appeased.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Immitigably</h1>
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<hw>Im*mit"i*ga*bly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an immitigable manner.</def>

<h1>Immix</h1>
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<hw>Im*mix"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>mix</ets>.]</ety> <def>To mix; to mingle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Amongst her tears <b>immixing</b> prayers meek.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Immixable</h1>
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<hw>Im*mix"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not mixable.</def>

<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i>

<h1>Immixed</h1>
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<hw>Im*mixed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>mixed</ets>, p. p. of <ets>mix</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unmixed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>How pure and <b>immixed</b> the design is.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Immixture</h1>
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<hw>Im*mix"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Freedom from mixture; purity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Immobile</h1>
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<hw>Im*mo"bile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immobilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>immobile</ets>. See <er>Immobility</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being moved; immovable; fixed; stable.</def>

<i>Prof. Shedd.</i>

<h1>Immobility</h1>
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<hw>Im`mo*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immobilitas</ets>, fr. <ets>immobilis</ets> immovable; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>mobilis</ets> movable: cf. F. <ets>immobilit\'82</ets>. See <er>Mobile</er>.]</ety> <def>The condition or quality of being immobile; fixedness in place or state.</def>

<h1>Immobilize</h1>
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<hw>Im*mob"i*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>mobilize</ets>; cf. f. <ets>immobiliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make immovable; in surgery, to make immovable (a naturally mobile part, as a joint) by the use of splints, or stiffened bandages.</def>

<h1>Immoble</h1>
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<hw>Im*mo"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Immobile</er>.</def>

<h1>Immoderacy</h1>
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<hw>Im*mod"er*a*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Immoderate</er>.]</ety> <def>Immoderateness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Immoderancy</h1>
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<hw>Im*mod"er*an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immoderantia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Immoderateness; excess.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Immoderate</h1>
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<hw>Im*mod"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immoderatus</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>moderatus</ets> moderate. See <er>Moderate</er>.]</ety> <def>Not moderate; exceeding just or usual and suitable bounds; excessive; extravagant; unreasonable; <as>as, <ex>immoderate</ex> demands; <ex>immoderate</ex> grief; <ex>immoderate</ex> laughter.</as></def>

<blockquote>So every scope by the <b>immoderate</b> use
Turns to restraint.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Excessive; exorbitant; unreasonable; extravagant; intemperate; inordinate.</syn>

<h1>Immoderately</h1>
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<hw>Im*mod"er*ate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an immoderate manner; excessively.</def>

<h1>Immoderateness</h1>
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<hw>Im*mod"er*ate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being immoderate; excess; extravagance.</def>

<i>Puller.</i>

<h1>Immoderation</h1>
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<hw>Im*mod`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immoderatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imod\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of moderation.</def>

<i>Hallywell.</i>

<h1>Immodest</h1>
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<hw>Im*mod"est</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>immodeste</ets>, L. <ets>immodestus</ets> immoderate; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>modestus</ets> modest. See <er>Modest</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not limited to due bounds; immoderate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not modest; wanting in the reserve or restraint which decorum and decency require; indecent; indelicate; obscene; lewd; <as>as, <ex>immodest</ex> persons, behavior, words, pictures, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Immodest</b> deeds you hinder to be wrought,
But we proscribe the least <b>immodest</b> thought.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Indecorous; indelicate; shameless; shameful; impudent; indecent; impure; unchaste; lewd; obscene.</syn>

<h1>Immodestly</h1>
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<hw>Im*mod"est*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an immodest manner.</def>

<h1>Immodesty</h1>
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<hw>Im*mod"es*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immodestia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>immodestie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of modesty, delicacy, or decent reserve; indecency.</def> "A piece of <i>immodesty</i>."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Immolate</h1>
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<hw>Im"mo*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Immolated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Immolating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>immolatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>immolare</ets> to sacrifice, orig., to sprinkle a victim with sacrifical meal; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>mola</ets> grits or grains of spelt coarsely ground and mixed with salt; also, mill. See <er>Molar</er>, <er>Meal</er> ground grain.]</ety> <def>To sacrifice; to offer in sacrifice; to kill, as a sacrificial victim.</def>

<blockquote>Worshipers, who not only <b>immolate</b> to them [the deities] the lives of men, but . . . the virtue and honor of women.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Immolation</h1>
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<hw>Im`mo*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immolatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>immolation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of immolating, or the state of being immolated, or sacrificed.</def>

<i>Sir. T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is immolated; a sacrifice.</def>

<h1>Immolator</h1>
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<hw>Im"mo*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who offers in sacrifice; specifically, one of a sect of Russian fanatics who practice self-mutilatio and sacrifice.</def>

<h1>Immold, Immould</h1>
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<hw><hw>Im*mold"</hw>, <hw>Im*mould"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mold into shape, or form.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>G. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Immoment</h1>
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<hw>Im*mo"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Immomentous</er>.]</ety> <def>Trifling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Immoment</i> toys."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Immomentous</h1>
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<hw>Im`mo*men"tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>momentous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not momentous; unimportant; insignificant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>A. Seward.</i>

<h1>Immoral</h1>
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<hw>Im*mor"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>moral</ets>: cf. F. <ets>immoral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not moral; inconsistent with rectitude, purity, or good morals; contrary to conscience or the divine law; wicked; unjust; dishonest; vicious; licentious; <as>as, an <ex>immoral</ex> man; an <ex>immoral</ex> deed.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Wicked; sinful; criminal; vicious; unjust; dishonest; depraved; impure; unchaste; profligate; dissolute; abandoned; licentious; lewd; obscene.</syn>

<h1>Immorality</h1>
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<hw>Im`mo*ral"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Immoralities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>immoralit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being immoral; vice.</def>

<blockquote>The root of all <b>immorality</b>.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An immoral act or practice.</def>

<blockquote>Luxury and sloth and then a great drove of heresies and <b>immoralities</b> broke loose among them.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Immorally</h1>
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<hw>Im*mor"al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an immoral manner; wickedly.</def>

<h1>Immorigerous</h1>
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<hw>Im`mo*rig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>morigerous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rude; uncivil; disobedient.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Im`mo*rig"er*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Immortal</h1>
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<hw>Im*mor"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immortalis</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>mortalis</ets> mortal: cf. F. <ets>immortel</ets>. See <er>Mortal</er>, and cf. <er>Immortelle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not mortal; exempt from liability to die; undying; imperishable; lasting forever; having unlimited, or eternal, existance.</def>

<blockquote>Unto the King eternal, <b>immortal</b>, invisible.
<i>1 Tim. i. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For my soul, what can it do to that,
Being a thing <b>immortal</b> as itself?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Connected with, or pertaining to immortability.</def>

<blockquote>I have <b>immortal</b> longings in me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Destined to live in all ages of this world; abiding; exempt from oblivion; imperishable; <as>as, <ex>immortal</ex> fame</as>.</def>

<blockquote>One of the few, <b>immortal</b> names,
That were not born yo die.
<i>Halleck.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Great; excessive; grievous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hayward.</i>

<cs><col>Immortal flowers</col>, <cd>imortelles; everlastings.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Eternal; everlasting; never-ending; ceaseless; perpetual; continual; enduring; endless; imperishable; incorruptible; deathless; undying.</syn>

<h1>Immortal</h1>
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<hw>Im*mor"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who will never cease to be; one exempt from death, decay, or annihilation.</def>

<i>Bunyan.</i>

<h1>Immortalist</h1>
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<hw>Im*mor"tal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who holds the doctrine of the immortality of the soul.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Immortality</h1>
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<hw>Im`mor*tal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Immortalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>immortalitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>immortalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being immortal; exemption from death and annihilation; unending existance; <as>as, the <ex>immortality</ex> of the soul</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This mortal must put on <b>immortality</b>.
<i>1 Cor. xv. 53.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exemption from oblivion; perpetuity; <as>as, the <ex>immortality</ex> of fame</as>.</def>

<h1>Immortalization</h1>
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<hw>Im*mor`tal*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of immortalizing, or state of being immortalized.</def>

<h1>Immortalize</h1>
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<hw>Im*mor"tal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Immortalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Immortalizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>immortaliser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render immortal; to cause to live or exist forever.</def>

<i>S. Clarke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exempt from oblivion; to perpetuate in fame.</def>

<blockquote>Alexander had no Homer to <b>immortalize</b> his quilty name.
<i>T. Dawes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Immortalize</h1>
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<hw>Im*mor"tal*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become immortal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Immortally</h1>
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<hw>Im*mor"tal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an immortal manner.</def>

<h1>Immortelle</h1>
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<hw>Im`mor*telle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Immortelles</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. See <er>Immortal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant with a conspicuous, dry, unwithering involucre, as the species of <spn>Antennaria</spn>, <spn>Helichrysum</spn>, <spn>Gomphrena</spn>, etc. See <er>Everlasting</er>.</def>

<h1>Immortification</h1>
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<hw>Im*mor`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Failure to mortify the passions.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Immovability</h1>
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<hw>Im*mov"a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being immovable; fixedness; steadfastness; <as>as, <ex>immovability</ex> of a heavy body; <ex>immovability</ex> of purpose.</as></def>

<h1>Immovable</h1>
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<hw>Im*mov"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Incapable of being moved; firmly fixed; fast; -- used of material things; <as>as, an <ex>immovable</ex> foundatin</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Immovable</b>, infixed, and frozen round.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Steadfast; fixed; unalterable; unchangeable; -- used of the mind or will; <as>as, an <ex>immovable</ex> purpose, or a man who remain <ex>immovable</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not capable of being affected or moved in feeling or by sympathy; unimpressible; impassive.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law.)</fld> <def>Not liable to be removed; permanent in place or tenure; fixed; <as>as, an <ex>immovable</ex> estate</as>. See <er>Immovable</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><col>Immovable apparatus</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an appliance, like the plaster of paris bandage, which keeps fractured parts firmly in place.</cd> -- <col>Immovable feasts</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>feasts which occur on a certain day of the year and do not depend on the date of Easter; as, Christmas, the Epiphany, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Immovable</h1>
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<hw>Im*mov"a*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which can not be moved.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>Lands and things adherent thereto by nature, as trees; by the hand of man, as buildings and their accessories; by their destination, as seeds, plants, manure, etc.; or by the objects to which they are applied, as servitudes.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i> <i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Immovableness</h1>
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<hw>Im*mov"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being immovable.</def>

<h1>Immovably</h1>
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<hw>Im*mov"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an immovable manner.</def>

<h1>Immund</h1>
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<hw>Im*mund"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>immundus</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>mundus</ets> clean.]</ety> <def>Unclean.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Immundicity</h1>
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<hw>Im`mun*dic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>immondicit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>immunditia</ets>, <ets>immundities</ets>.]</ety> <def>Uncleanness; filthness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Immune</h1>
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<hw>Im*mune"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immunis</ets>. See <er>Immunity</er>.]</ety> <def>Exempt; protected by inoculation.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Im*mu"nize</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Immunity</h1>
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<hw>Im*mu"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Immunities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>immunitas</ets>, fr. <ets>immunis</ets> free from a public service; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>munis</ets> complaisant, obliging, cf. <ets>munus</ets> service, duty: cf. F. <ets>immunit\'82</ets>. See <er>Common</er>, and cf. <er>Mean</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Freedom or exemption from any charge, duty, obligation, office, tax, imposition, penalty, or service; a particular privilege; <as>as, the <ex>immunities</ex> of the free cities of Germany; the <ex>immunities</ex> of the clergy.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Freedom; exemption; <as>as, <ex>immunity</ex> from error</as>.</def>

<h1>Immure</h1>
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<hw>Im*mure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Immured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Immuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>mure</ets>: cf. F. <ets>emmurer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wall around; to surround with walls.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inclose whithin walls, or as within walls; hence, to shut up; to imprison; to incarcerate.</def>

<blockquote>Those tender babes
Whom envy hath <b>immured</b> within your walls.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This huge convex of fire,
Outrageous to devour, <b>immures</b> us round.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Immure</h1>
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<hw>Im*mure"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wall; an inclosure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Immurement</h1>
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<hw>Im*mure"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act iif immuring, or the state of being immured; imprsonment.</def>

<h1>Immusical</h1>
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<hw>Im*mu"sic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inharmonious; unmusical; discordant.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Immutability</h1>
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<hw>Im*mu`ta*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immutabilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>immutabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being immutable; immutableness.</def>

<i>Heb. vi. 17.</i>

<h1>Immutable</h1>
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<hw>Im*mu"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immutabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>mutabilis</ets> mutable. See <er>Mutable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not mutable; not capable or susceptible of change; unchangeable; unalterable.</def>

<blockquote>That by two <b>immutable</b> things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have a strong consolation.
<i>Heb. vi. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Immutable</b>, immortal, infinite,
Eternal King.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Im*mu"ta*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Im*mu"ta*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<hr>
<page="733">
Page 733<p>

<h1>Immutate</h1>
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<hw>Im*mu"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immutatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>immature</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unchanged.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Immutation</h1>
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<hw>Im"mu*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immutatio</ets>, from <ets>immutare</ets>, <ets>immutatum</ets>, to change. See <er>Immute</er>.]</ety> <def>Change; alteration; mutation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Immute</h1>
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<hw>Im*mute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>immutare</ets>, <ets>immutatum</ets>; perf. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>mutare</ets> to change : cf. OF. <ets>immuter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To change or alter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Salkeld.</i>

<h1>Imp</h1>
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<hw>Imp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>imp</ets> a graft, AS. <ets>impa</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>ympe</ets>, Sw. <ets>ymp</ets>, prob. fr. LL. <ets>impotus</ets>, Gr. <?/ engrafted, innate, fr. <?/ to implant; <?/ in + <?/ to produce; akin to E. <ets>be</ets>. See 1st <er>In-</er>, <er>Be</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shoot; a scion; a bud; a slip; a graft.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An offspring; progeny; child; scion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The tender <b>imp</b> was weaned.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A young or inferior devil; a little, malignant spirit; a puny demon; a contemptible evil worker.</def>

<blockquote>To mingle in the clamorous fray
Of squabbling <b>imps</b>.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Something added to, or united with, another, to lengthen it out or repair it, -- as, an addition to a beehive; a feather inserted in a broken wing of a bird; a length of twisted hair in a fishing line.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Imp</h1>
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<hw>Imp</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>impian</ets> to imp, ingraft, plant; akin to Dan. <ets>ympe</ets>, Sw. <ets>ympa</ets>, OHG. <ets>impf\'d3n</ets>, <ets>impit\'d3n</ets>, G. <ets>impfen</ets>. See <er>Imp</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To graft; to insert as a scion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>To graft with new feathers, as a wing; to splice a broken feather. Hence, Fig.: To repair; to extend; to increase; to strengthen to equip.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Imp</b> out our drooping country's broken wing.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who lazily imp their wings with other men's plumes. Fuller.
Here no frail Muse shall <b>imp</b> her crippled wing.
<i>Holmes.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Help, ye tart satirists, to <b>imp</b> my rage
With all the scorpions that should whip this age.
<i>Cleveland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impacable</h1>
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<hw>Im*pa"ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>pacare</ets> to quiet. See <er>Pacate</er>.]</ety> <def>Not to be appeased or quieted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Spenser</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Im*pa"ca*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Impackment</h1>
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<hw>Im*pack"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>pack</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being closely surrounded, crowded, or pressed, as by ice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Kane.</i>

<h1>Impact</h1>
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<hw>Im*pact"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impacted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impacting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>impactus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>impingere</ets> to push, strike against. See <er>Impinge</er>.]</ety> <def>To drive close; to press firmly together: to wedge into a place.</def>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Impact</h1>
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<hw>Im"pact</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Contact or impression by touch; collision; forcible contact; force communicated.</def>

<blockquote>The quarrel, by that <b>impact</b> driven.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The single instantaneous stroke of a body in motion against another either in motion or at rest.</def>

<h1>Impacted</h1>
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<hw>Im*pact"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Driven together or close.</def>

<cs><col>Impacted fracture</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>a fracture in which the fragments are driven into each other so as to be immovable.</cd></cs>

<h1>Impaction</h1>
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<hw>Im*pac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impactio</ets> a striking : cf. F. <ets>impaction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The driving of one fragment of bone into another so that the fragments are not movable upon each other; <as>as, impaction of the skull or of the hip</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An immovable packing; <fld>(Med.)</fld>, a lodgment of something in a strait or passage of the body; <as>as, <ex>impaction</ex> of the fetal head in the strait of the pelvis; <ex>impaction</ex> of food or feces in the intestines of man or beast.</as></def>

<h1>Impaint</h1>
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<hw>Im*paint"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To paint; to adorn with colors.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "To <i>impaint</i> his cause."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Impair</h1>
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<hw>Im*pair"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Impaired</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impairing</er>.]</wordforms> <altsp>[Written also <asp>empair</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[OE. <ets>empeiren</ets>, <ets>enpeiren</ets>, OF. <ets>empeirier</ets>, <ets>empirier</ets>, F. <ets>empirer</ets>, LL. <ets>impejorare</ets>; L. pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>pejorare</ets> to make worse, fr. <ets>pejor</ets> worse. Cf. <er>Appair</er>.]</ety> <def>To make worse; to diminish in quantity, value, excellence, or strength; to deteriorate; <as>as, to <ex>impair</ex> health, character, the mind, value</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Time sensibly all things <b>impairs</b>.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In years he seemed, but not <b>impaired</b> by years.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To diminish; decrease; injure; weaken; enfeeble; debilitate; reduce; debase; deteriorate.</syn>

<h1>Impair</h1>
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<hw>Im*pair"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To grow worse; to deteriorate.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Impair</h1>
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<hw>Im"pair</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>impair</ets> uneven, L. <ets>impar</ets>; <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>par</ets> equal.]</ety> <def>Not fit or appropriate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Impair</h1>
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<hw>Im*pair"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Diminution; injury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Impairer</h1>
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<hw>Im*pair"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, impairs.</def>

<h1>Impairment</h1>
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<hw>Im*pair"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>enpeirement</ets>, OF. <ets>empirement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being impaired; injury.</def> "The <i>impairment</i> of my health."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Impalatable</h1>
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<hw>Im*pal"a*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unpalatable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Impale</h1>
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<hw>Im*pale"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impaled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impaling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See 2d <er>Empale</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pierce with a pale; to put to death by fixing on a sharp stake. See <er>Empale</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Then with what life remains, <b>impaled</b>, and left
To writhe at leisure round the bloody stake.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inclose, as with pales or stakes; to surround.</def>

<blockquote><b>Impale</b> him with your weapons round about.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Impenetrable, <b>impaled</b> with circling fire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>To join, as two coats of arms on one shield, palewise; hence, to join in honorable mention.</def>

<blockquote>Ordered the admission of St. Patrick to the same to be matched and <b>impaled</b> with the blessed Virgin in the honor thereof.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impalement</h1>
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<hw>Im*pale"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of impaling, or the state of being impaled.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inclosing by stakes or pales, or the space so inclosed.</def>

<i>H. Brooke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which hedges in; inclosure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The division of a shield palewise, or by a vertical line, esp. for the purpose of putting side by side the arms of husband and wife. See <er>Impale</er>, 3.</def>

<h1>Impalla</h1>
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<hw>Im*pal"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pallah deer of South Africa.</def>

<h1>Impallid</h1>
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<hw>Im*pal"lid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make pallid; to blanch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Impalm</h1>
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<hw>Im*palm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To grasp with or hold in the hand.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Barlow.</i>

<h1>Impalpability</h1>
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<hw>Im*pal`pa*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>impalpabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being impalpable.</def>

<i>Jortin.</i>

<h1>Impalpable</h1>
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<hw>Im*pal"pa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>palpable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>impalpable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not palpable; that cannot be felt; extremely fine, so that no grit can be perceived by touch.</def> "<i>Impalpable</i> powder."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not material; intangible; incorporeal.</def> "<i>Impalpable</i>, void, and bodiless."

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not apprehensible, or readily apprehensible, by the mind; unreal; <as>as, <ex>impalpable</ex> distinctions</as>.</def>

<h1>Impalpably</h1>
<Xpage=733>

<hw>Im*pal"pa*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an impalpable manner.</def>

<h1>Impalsy</h1>
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<hw>Im*pal"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To palsy; to paralyze; to deaden.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Impanate</h1>
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<hw>Im*pa"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>impanatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>impanare</ets> to impanate; L. pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>panis</ets> bread.]</ety> <def>Embodied in bread, esp. in the bread of the eucharist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cranmer.</i>

<h1>Impanate</h1>
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<hw>Im*pa"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impanated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impanating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To embody in bread, esp. in the bread of the eucharist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Impanation</h1>
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<hw>Im"pa*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>impanation</ets>. See <er>Impanate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Embodiment in bread; the supposed real presence and union of Christ's material body and blood with the substance of the elements of the eucharist without a change in their nature; -- distinguished from <i>transubstantiation</i>, which supposes a miraculous change of the substance of the elements. It is akin to <i>consubstantiation</i>.</def>

<h1>Impanator</h1>
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<hw>Im*pa"na*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One who holds the doctrine of impanation.</def>

<h1>Impanel</h1>
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<hw>Im*pan"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impaneled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Impanelled</er>; p. pr. & vb. n. <er>Impaneling</er> or <er>Impanelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>panel</ets>. Cf. <er>Empanel</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>empanel</asp>.]</altsp> <def>To enter in a list, or on a piece of parchment, called a <i>panel</i>; to form or enroll, as a list of jurors in a court of justice.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Impanelment</h1>
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<hw>Im*pan"el*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of impaneling, or the state of being impaneled.</def>

<h1>Imparadise</h1>
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<hw>Im*par"a*dise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imparadised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imparadising</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> + <ets>paradise</ets>: cf. F. <ets>emparadiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To put in a state like paradise; to make supremely happy.</def> "<i>Imparadised</i> in one another's arms."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Imparalleled</h1>
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<hw>Im*par"al*leled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unparalleled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Impardonable</h1>
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<hw>Im*par"don*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>impardonnable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unpardonable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Imparidigitate</h1>
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<hw>Im*par`i*dig"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impar</ets> unequal + <ets>digitus</ets> finger.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having an odd number of fingers or toes, either one, three, or five, as in the horse, tapir, rhinoceros, etc.</def>

<h1>Imperipinnate</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"i*pin"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impar</ets> unequal + E. <ets>pinnate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pinnate with a single terminal leaflet.</def>

<h1>Imparisyllabic</h1>
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<hw>Im*par"i*syl*lab"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impar</ets> unequal + E. <ets>syllabic</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imparisyllabique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Not consisting of an equal number of syllables; <as>as, an <ex>imparisyllabic</ex> noun, one which has not the same number of syllables in all the cases</as>; as, <i>lapis</i>, <i>lapidis</i>; <i>mens</i>, <i>mentis</i>.</def>

<h1>Imparity</h1>
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<hw>Im*par"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> + <ets>parity</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imparit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inequality; disparity; disproportion; difference of degree, rank, excellence, number, etc.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lack of comparison, correspondence, or suitableness; incongruity.</def>

<blockquote>In this region of merely intellectual notion we are at once encountered by the <b>imparity</b> of the object and the faculty employed upon it.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Indivisibility into equal parts; oddness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Impark</h1>
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<hw>Im*park"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imparked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imparking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Empark</er>.]</ety> <def>To inclose for a park; to sever from a common; hence, to inclose or shut up.</def>

<blockquote>They . . . <b>impark</b> them [the sheep] within hurdles.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imparl</h1>
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<hw>Im*parl"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>emparler</ets>; pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>parler</ets> to speak. See <er>In</er>, prep., and <er>Parley</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hold discourse; to parley.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir. T. North.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To have time before pleading; to have delay for mutual adjustment.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Imparlance</h1>
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<hw>Im*par"lance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Emparlance</er>, <er>Parlance</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>inparliance</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mutual discourse; conference.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Time given to a party to talk or converse with his opponent, originally with the object of effecting, if possible, an amicable adjustment of the suit. The actual object, however, has long been merely to obtain further time to plead, answer to the allegations of the opposite party. </def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Hence, the delay or continuance of a suit.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Imparlance</i> and <i>continuance by imparlance</i> have been abolished in England.</note>

<i>Wharton (Law Dict. ).</i>

<h1>Imparsonee</h1>
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<hw>Im*par`son*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>empersone</ets>. See 1st <er>In-</er>, and <er>Parson</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>Presented, instituted, and inducted into a rectory, and in full possession.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A clergyman so inducted.</def></def2>

<h1>Impart</h1>
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<hw>Im*part"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imparted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imparting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>impartir</ets>, <ets>empartir</ets>, L. <ets>impartire</ets>, <ets>impertire</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>partire</ets> to part, divide, fr. <ets>pars</ets>, <ets>partis</ets>, part, share. See <er>Part</er>, <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bestow a share or portion of; to give, grant, or communicate; to allow another to partake in; <as>as, to <ex>impart</ex> food to the poor; the sun <ex>imparts</ex> warmth.</as></def>

<blockquote>Well may he then to you his cares <b>impart</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To obtain a share of; to partake of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Munday.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To communicate the knowledge of; to make known; to show by words or tokens; to tell; to disclose.</def>

<blockquote>Gentle lady,
When I did first <b>impart</b> my love to you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To share; yield; confer; convey; grant; give; reveal; disclose; discover; divulge. See <er>Communicate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Impart</h1>
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<hw>Im*part"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give a part or share.</def>

<blockquote>He that hath two coats, let him <b>impart</b> to him that hath none.
<i>Luke iii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hold a conference or consultation.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Impartance</h1>
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<hw>Im*part"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Impartation.</def>

<h1>Impartation</h1>
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<hw>Im`par*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of imparting, or the thing imparted.</def>

<blockquote>The necessity of this <b>impartation</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imparter</h1>
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<hw>Im*part"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who imparts.</def>

<h1>Impartial</h1>
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<hw>Im*par"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>partial</ets>: cf. F. <ets>impartial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not partial; not favoring one more than another; treating all alike; unprejudiced; unbiased; disinterested; equitable; fair; just.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Jove is <b>impartial</b>, and to both the same.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A comprehensive and <b>impartial</b> view.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impartialist</h1>
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<hw>Im*par"tial*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is impartial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Impartiality</h1>
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<hw>Im*par`ti*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>impartialit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being impartial; freedom from bias or favoritism; disinterestedness; equitableness; fairness; <as>as, <ex>impartiality</ex> of judgment, of treatment, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Impartiality</b> strips the mind of prejudice and passion.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impartially</h1>
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<hw>Im*par"tial*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>In an impartial manner.</def>

<h1>Impartialness</h1>
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<hw>Im*par"tial*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Impartiality.</def>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Impartibility</h1>
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<hw>Im*part`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being impartible; communicability.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Impartibility</h1>
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<hw>Im*part`i*bil"i*ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>impartibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being incapable of division into parts; indivisibility.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Impartible</h1>
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<hw>Im*part"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Impart</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being imparted or communicated.</def>

<h1>Impartible</h1>
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<hw>Im*part"i*ble</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>partible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>impartible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not partible; not subject to partition; indivisible; <as>as, an <ex>impartible</ex> estate</as>.</def>

<i>Blackatone.</i>

<h1>Impartment</h1>
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<hw>Im*part"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of imparting, or that which is imparted, communicated, or disclosed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>It beckons you to go away with it,
As if it some <b>impartment</b> did desire
To you alone.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impassable</h1>
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<hw>Im*pass"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Unpassable</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being passed; not admitting a passage; <as>as, an <ex>impassable</ex> road, mountain, or gulf</as>.</def> <i>Milton</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Im*pass"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Im*pass"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Impassibility</h1>
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<hw>Im*pas`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impassibilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>impassibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or condition of being impassible; insusceptibility of injury from external things.</def>

<h1>Impassible</h1>
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<hw>Im*pas"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impassibilis</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>passibilis</ets> passable: cf. F. <ets>impassible</ets>. See <er>Passible</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of suffering; inaccessible to harm or pain; not to be touched or moved to passion or sympathy; unfeeling, or not showing feeling; without sensation.</def> "<i>Impassible</i> to the critic."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<blockquote>Secure of death, I should contemn thy dart
Though naked, and <b>impassible</b> depart.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impassibleness</h1>
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<hw>Im*pas"si*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Impassibility.</def>

<h1>Impassion</h1>
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<hw>Im*pas"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>passion</ets>. Cf. <er>Empassion</er>, <er>Impassionate</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>To move or affect strongly with passion.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Impassionable</h1>
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<hw>Im*pas"sion*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excitable; susceptible of strong emotion.</def>

<h1>Impassionate</h1>
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<hw>Im*pas"sion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Strongly affected.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Impassionate</h1>
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<hw>Im*pas"sion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To affect powerfully; to arouse the passions of.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Impassionate</h1>
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<hw>Im*pas"sion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>passionate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Without passion or feeling.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Impassioned</h1>
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<hw>Im*pas"sioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Actuated or characterized by passion or zeal; showing warmth of feeling; ardent; animated; excited; <as>as, an <ex>impassioned</ex> orator or discourse</as>.</def>

<h1>Impassive</h1>
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<hw>Im*pas"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not susceptible of pain or suffering; apathetic; impassible; unmoved.</def>

<blockquote><b>Impassive</b> as the marble in the quarry.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>On the <b>impassive</b> ice the lightings play.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Im*pas"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Im*pas"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Impassivity</h1>
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<hw>Im`pas*siv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being insusceptible of feeling, pain, or suffering; impassiveness.</def>

<h1>Impastation</h1>
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<hw>Im`pas*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Impaste</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of making into paste; that which is formed into a paste or mixture; specifically, a combination of different substances by means of cements.</def>

<h1>Impaste</h1>
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<hw>Im*paste"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impasted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impasting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>paste</ets>: cf. It. <ets>impastare</ets>, OF. <ets>empaster</ets>, F. <ets>emp\'83ter</ets>. See 1st <er>In-</er> and <er>Paste</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To knead; to make into paste; to concrete.</def> "Blood . . . baked and <i>impasted</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>To lay color on canvas by uniting them skillfully together. <mark>[R.]</mark> Cf. <er>Impasto</er>.</def>

<h1>Impasting</h1>
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<hw>Im*past"ing</hw>, <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>The laying on of colors to produce impasto.</def>

<h1>Impasto</h1>
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<hw>Im*pas"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Impaste</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>The thickness of the layer or body of pigment applied by the painter to his canvas with especial reference to the juxtaposition of different colors and tints in forming a harmonious whole.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Impasture</h1>
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<hw>Im*pas"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To place in a pasture; to foster.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>T. Adams.</i>

<h1>Impatible</h1>
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<hw>Im*pat"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impatibilis</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>patibilis</ets> supportable. See <er>Patible</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not capable of being borne; impassible.</def>

<blockquote>A spirit, and so <b>impatible</b> of material fire.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impatience</h1>
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<hw>Im*pa"tience</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>impacience</ets>, F. <ets>impatience</ets>, fr. L. <ets>impatientia</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being impatient; want of endurance of pain, suffering, opposition, or delay; eagerness for change, or for something expected; restlessness; chafing of spirit; fretfulness; passion; <as>as, the <ex>impatience</ex> of a child or an invalid</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I then, . . .
Out of my grief and my <b>impatience</b>,
Answered neglectingly.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With huge <b>impatience</b> he inly swelt
More for great sorrow that he could not pass,
Than for the burning torment which he felt.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="734">
Page 734<p>

<h1>Impatiency</h1>
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<hw>Im*pa"tien*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Impatience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Impatiens</h1>
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<hw>Im*pa"ti*ens</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., impatient.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, several species of which have very beautiful flowers; -- so called because the elastic capsules burst when touched, and scatter the seeds with considerable force. Called also <altname>touch-me-not</altname>, <altname>jewelweed</altname>, and <altname>snapweed</altname>.  <spn>I. Balsamina</spn> (sometimes called <stype>lady's slipper</stype>) is the common garden balsam.</def>

<h1>Impatient</h1>
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<hw>Im*pa"tient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>impacient</ets>, F. <ets>impatient</ets>, fr. L. <ets>impatiens</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>patiens</ets> patient. See <er>Patient</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not patient; not bearing with composure; intolerant; uneasy; fretful; restless, because of pain, delay, or opposition; eager for change, or for something expected; hasty; passionate; -- often followed by <i>at</i>, <i>for</i>, <i>of</i>, and <i>under</i>.</def>

<blockquote>A violent, sudden, and <b>impatient</b> necessity.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fame, <b>impatient</b> of extremes, decays
Not more by envy than excess of praise.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>impatient</b> man will not give himself time to be informed of the matter that lies before him.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Dryden was poor and <b>impatient</b> of poverty.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not to be borne; unendurable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Prompted by, or exhibiting, impatience; <as>as, <ex>impatient</ex> speeches or replies</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Restless; uneasy; changeable; hot; eager; fretful; intolerant; passionate.</syn>

<h1>Impatient</h1>
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<hw>Im*pa"tient</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is impatient.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Impatiently</h1>
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<hw>Im*pa"tient*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an impatient manner.</def>

<h1>Impatronization</h1>
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<hw>Im*pat`ron*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Absolute seignory or possession; the act of investing with such possession.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Impatronize</h1>
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<hw>Im*pat"ron*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impatronized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impatronizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make lord or master; <as>as, to impatronize one's self of a seigniory</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Impave</h1>
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<hw>Im*pave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pave.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Impaved</b> with rude fidelity
Of art mosaic.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impavid</h1>
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<hw>Im*pav"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impavidus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Pavid</er>.]</ety> <def>Fearless.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Im*pav"id*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Impawn</h1>
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<hw>Im*pawn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impawned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impawning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> + <ets>pawn</ets>: cf. <er>Empawn</er>.]</ety> <def>To put in pawn; to pledge.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Impeach</h1>
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<hw>Im*peach"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impeached</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impeaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>empeechier</ets> to prevent, hinder, bar, F. <ets>emp\'88cher</ets>, L. <ets>impedicare</ets> to entangle; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>pedica</ets> fetter, fr. <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot. See <er>Foot</er>, and <er>Appeach</er>, <er>Dispatch</er>, <er>Impede</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hinder; to impede; to prevent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>These ungracious practices of his sons did <b>impeach</b> his journey to the Holy Land.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A defluxion on my throat <b>impeached</b> my utterance.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To charge with a crime or misdemeanor; to accuse; especially to charge (a public officer), before a competent tribunal, with misbehavior in office; to cite before a tribunal for judgement of official misconduct; to arraign; <as>as, to <ex>impeach</ex> a judge</as>. See <er>Impeachment</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, to charge with impropriety; to dishonor; to bring discredit on; to call in question; <as>as, to <ex>impeach</ex> one's motives or conduct</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And doth <b>impeach</b> the freedom of the state.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To challenge or discredit the credibility of, as of a witness, or the validity of, as of commercial paper.</def>

<note>&hand; When used in law with reference to a witness, the term signifies, to discredit, to show or prove unreliable or unworthy of belief; when used in reference to the <i>credit</i> of witness, the term denotes, to impair, to lessen, to disparage, to destroy. The credit of a witness may be <i>impeached</i> by showing that he has made statements out of court contradictory to what he swears at the trial, or by showing that his reputation for veracity is bad, etc.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- To accuse; arraign; censure; criminate; indict; impair; disparage; discredit. See <er>Accuse</er>.</syn>

<h1>Impeach</h1>
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<hw>Im*peach"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hindrance; impeachment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Impeachable</h1>
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<hw>Im*peach"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be impeached; liable to impeachment; chargeable with a crime.</def>

<blockquote>Owners of lands in fee simple are not <b>impeachable</b> for waste.
<i>Z. Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impeacher</h1>
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<hw>Im*peach"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who impeaches.</def>

<h1>Impeachment</h1>
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<hw>Im*peach"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>emp\'88chement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of impeaching, or the state of being impeached</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Hindrance; impediment; obstruction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Willing to march on to Calais,
Without <b>impeachment</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A calling to account; arraignment; especially, of a public officer for maladministration</def>.

<blockquote>The consequence of Coriolanus' <b>impeachment</b> had like to have been fatal to their state.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A calling in question as to purity of motives, rectitude of conduct, credibility, etc.; accusation; reproach; <as>as, an <ex>impeachment</ex> of motives</as></def>.

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; In England, it is the privilege or right of the House of Commons to impeach, and the right of the House of Lords to try and determine impeachments. In the United States, it is the right of the House of Representatives to impeach, and of the Senate to try and determine impeachments.</note>

<cs><col>Articles of impeachment</col>. <cd>See under <er>Article</er>.</cd> -- <col>Impeachment of waste</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>restraint from, or accountability for, injury; also, a suit for damages for injury.</cd></cs>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Impearl</h1>
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<hw>Im*pearl"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impearled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impearling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>pearl</ets>: cf. F. <ets>emperler</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form into pearls, or into that which resembles pearls.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Dewdrops which the sun
<b>Impearls</b> on every leaf and every flower.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To decorate as with pearls or with anything resembling pearls.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>With morning dews <b>impearled</b>.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The dews of the morning <b>impearl</b> every thorn.
<i>R. Digby.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impeccability</h1>
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<hw>Im*pec`ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>impeccabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>the quality of being impeccable; exemption from sin, error, or offense.</def>

<blockquote>Infallibility and <b>impeccability</b> are two of his attributes.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impeccable</h1>
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<hw>Im*pec"ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impeccabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>peccare</ets> to err, to sin: cf. F. <ets>impeccable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not liable to sin; exempt from the possibility of doing wrong.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is impeccable; esp., one of a sect of Gnostic heretics who asserted their sinlessness.</def></def2>

<blockquote>God is infallible, <b>impeccable</b>, and absolutely perfect.
<i>P. Skelton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impeccancy</h1>
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<hw>Im*pec"can*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sinlessness.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Impeccant</h1>
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<hw>Im*pec"cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sinless; impeccable.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Impecuniosity</h1>
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<hw>Im`pe*cu`ni*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being impecunious.</def>

<i>Thackeray. Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Impecunious</h1>
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<hw>Im"pe*cu"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>pecunia</ets> money: cf. F. <ets>imp\'82cunieux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not having money; habitually without money; poor.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>impecunious</b> creature.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impede</h1>
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<hw>Im*pede"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impeded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impeding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>impedire</ets>, lit., to entangle the feet; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot. See <er>Foot</er>, and cf. <er>Impeach</er>.]</ety> <def>To hinder; to stop in progress; to obstruct; <as>as, to impede the advance of troops</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whatever hinders or <b>impedes</b>
The action of the nobler will.
<i>Logfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impedible</h1>
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<hw>Im*ped"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being impeded or hindered.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Impediment</h1>
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<hw>Im*ped"i*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impedimentum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>impediment</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which impedes or hinders progress, motion, activity, or effect.</def>

<blockquote>Thus far into the bowels of the land
Have we marched on without <b>impediment</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Impediment in speech</col>, <cd>a defect which prevents distinct utterance.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Hindrance; obstruction; obstacle; difficulty; incumbrance.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Impediment</er>, <er>Obstacle</er>, <er>Difficulty</er>, <er>Hindrance</er>. An <i>impediment</i> literally strikes against our feet, checking our progress, and we remove it. An <i>obstacle</i> rises before us in our path, and we surmount or remove it. A <i>difficulty</i> sets before us something hard to be done, and we encounter it and overcome it. A <i>hindrance</i> holds us back for a time, but we break away from it.</usage>

<blockquote>The eloquence of Demosthenes was to Philip of Macedon, a <b>difficulty</b> to be met with his best recources, ant <b>obstacle</b> to his own ambition, and an <b>impedimen</b> in his political career.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impediment</h1>
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<hw>Im*ped"i*ment</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To impede.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Reynolds.</i>

<h1>Impedimental</h1>
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<hw>Im*ped`i*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of an impediment; hindering; obstructing; impeditive.</def>

<blockquote>Things so <b>impediental</b> to success.
<i>G. H. Lewes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impedite</h1>
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<hw>Im"pe*dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impeditus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Impede</er>.]</ety> <def>Hindered; obstructed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Impedite</h1>
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<hw>Im"pe*dite</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To impede.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Impedition</h1>
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<hw>Im"pe*di"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impeditio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hindering; a hindrance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Baxier.</i>

<h1>Impeditive</h1>
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<hw>Im*ped"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>imp\'82ditif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing hindrance; impeding.</def> "Cumbersome, and <i>impeditive</i> of motion."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Impel</h1>
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<hw>Im*pel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impelled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>impellere</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>pellere</ets>, <ets>pulsum</ets>, to drive. See <er>Pulse</er> a beat, and cf. <er>Impulse</er>.]</ety> <def>To drive or urge forward or on; to press on; to incite to action or motion in any way.</def>

<blockquote>The surge <b>impelled</b> me on a craggy coast.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To instigate; incite; induce; influence; force; drive; urge; actuate; move.</syn>

<h1>Impellent</h1>
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<hw>Im*pel"lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impellens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>impellere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of impelling.</def>

<h1>Impellent</h1>
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<hw>Im*pel"lent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An impelling power or force.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Impeller</h1>
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<hw>Im*pel"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, impels.</def>

<h1>Impen</h1>
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<hw>Im*pen"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impenned</er> <tt>(?)</tt> and <er>Impent</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impenning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To shut up or inclose, as in a pen.</def>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Impend</h1>
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<hw>Im*pend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impend<?/re</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>pend<?/re</ets> to weigh out, pay.]</ety> <def>To pay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fabyan.</i>

<h1>Impend</h1>
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<hw>Im*pend"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>impend\'c7re</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>pend\'c7re</ets> to hang. See <er>Pendant</er>.]</ety> <def>To hang over; to be suspended above; to threaten frome near at hand; to menace; to be imminent. See <er>Imminent</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Destruction sure o'er all your heads <b>impends</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impendence, Impendency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Im*pend"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Im*pend"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of impending; also, that which impends.</def> "<i>Impendence</i> of volcanic cloud."

<i>Ruskin.</i>

<h1>Impendent</h1>
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<hw>Im*pend"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impendens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>impend\'c7re</ets>.]</ety> <def>Impending; threatening.</def>

<blockquote><b>Impendent</b> horrors, threatening hideous fall.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impending</h1>
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<hw>Im*pend"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hanging over; overhanging; suspended so as to menace; imminet; threatening.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>impending</b> brow.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And nodding Ilion waits th' <b>impending</b> fall.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Imminent; threatening. See <er>Imminent</er>.</syn>

<h1>Impenetrability</h1>
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<hw>Im*pen`e*tra*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>imp\'82n\'82trabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Quality of being impenetrable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That property in virtue of which two portions of matter can not at the same time occupy the same portion of space.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Insusceptibility of intellectual or emotional impression; obtuseness; stupidity; coldness.</def>

<h1>Impenetrable</h1>
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<hw>Im*pen"e*tra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impenetrabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>penetrabilis</ets> penetrable: cf. F. <ets>imp\'82n\'82trable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Incapable of being penetrated or pierced; not admitting the passage of other bodies; not to be entered; impervious; <as>as, an impenetrable shield</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Highest woods <b>impenetrable</b>
To star or sunlight.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Having the property of preventing any other substance from occupying the same space at the same time.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Inaccessible, as to knowledge, reason, sympathy, etc.; unimpressible; not to be moved by arguments or motives; <as>as, an <ex>impenetrable</ex> mind, or heart</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They will be credulous in all affairs of life, but <b>impenetrable</b> by a sermon of the gospel.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impenetrableness</h1>
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<hw>Im*pen"e*tra*ble*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being impenetrable; impenetrability.</def>

<h1>Impenetrably</h1>
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<hw>Im*pen"e*tra*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an impenetrable manner or state; imperviously.</def> "<i>Impenetrably</i> armed." <i>Milton</i>. "<i>Impenetrably</i> dull." <i>Pope</i>.

<h1>Impenitence</h1>
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<hw>Im*pen"i*tence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impenitentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imp\'82nitence</ets>.]</ety> <def>The condition of being impenitent; failure or refusal to repent; hardness of heart.</def>

<blockquote>He will advance from one degree of wickedness and <b>impenitence</b> to another.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impenitency</h1>
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<hw>Im*pen"i*ten*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Impenitence.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Impenitent</h1>
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<hw>Im*pen"i*tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impaenitens</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>paenitens</ets> penitens: cf. F. <ets>imp\'82nitent</ets>. See <er>Penitent</er>.]</ety> <def>Not penitent; not repenting of sin; not contrite; of a hard heart.</def> "They . . . died <i>impenitent</i>." <i>Milton</i>. "A careless and <i>impenitent</i> heart." <i>Bp. Hall</i>.

<h1>Impenitent</h1>
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<hw>Im*pen"i*tent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is not penitent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Impenitently</h1>
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<hw>Im*pen"i*tent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without repentance.</def>

<h1>Impennate</h1>
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<hw>Im*pen"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Characterized by short wings covered with feathers resembling scales, as the penguins.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Impennes.</def></def2>

<h1>Impennes</h1>
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<hw>Im*pen"nes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>penna</ets> feather.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of birds, including only the penguins, in which the wings are without quills, and not suited for flight.</def>

<h1>Impennous</h1>
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<hw>Im*pen"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>penna</ets> wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having no wings, as some insects.</def>

<h1>Impeople</h1>
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<hw>Im*peo"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impeopled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impeopling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Empeople</er>.]</ety> <def>To people; to give a population to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou hast helped to <b>impeople</b> hell.
<i>Beaumont.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imperant</h1>
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<hw>Im"pe*rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imperans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>imperare</ets> to command.]</ety> <def>Commanding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Baxter.</i>

<h1>Imperate</h1>
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<hw>Im"pe*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imperatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>imperare</ets> to command.]</ety> <def>Done by express direction; not involuntary; communded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Those <b>imperate</b> acts, wherein we see the empire of the soul.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imperatival</h1>
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<hw>Im*per`a*ti"val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the imperative mood.</def>

<h1>Imperative</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imperativus</ets>, fr. <ets>imperare</ets> to command; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>parare</ets> to make ready, prepare: cf. F. <ets>imp\'82ratif</ets>. See <er>Perade</er>, and cf. <er>Empire</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Expressive of command; containing positive command; authoritatively or absolutely directive; commanding; authoritative; <as>as, <ex>imperative</ex> orders</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The suit of kings are <b>imperative</b>.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not to be avoided or evaded; obligatory; binding; compulsory; <as>as, an <ex>imperative</ex> duty or order</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Expressive of commund, entreaty, advice, or exhortation; <as>as, the imperative mood</as>.</def>

<h1>Imperative</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The imperative mood; also, a verb in the imperative mood.</def>

<h1>Imperatively</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"a*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an imperative manner.</def>

<h1>Imperator</h1>
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<hw>Im`pe*ra"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Emperor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A commander; a leader; an emperor; -- originally an appellation of honor by which Roman soldiers saluted their general after an important victory. Subsequently the title was conferred as a recognition of great military achievements by the senate, whence it carried wiht it some special privileges. After the downfall of the Republic it was assumed by Augustus and his successors, and came to have the meaning now attached to the word <i>emperor</i>.</def>

<h1>Imperatorial</h1>
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<hw>Im*per`a*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imperatorius</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Commanding; imperative; authoritative.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the title or office of imperator.</def> "<i>Imperatorial</i> laurels."

<i>C. Merivale.</i>

<h1>Imperatorian</h1>
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<hw>Im*per`a*to"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Imperial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gauden.</i>

<h1>Imperatory</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Imperative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Imperceivable</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*ceiv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Imperceptible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>South</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Im`per*ceiv"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <i>Sharp</i>.</wordforms>

<h1>Imperceived</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*ceived"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not perceived.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Imperceptibility</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*cep`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being imperceptible.</def>

<h1>Imperceptible</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*cep"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>perceptible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imperceptible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not perceptible; not to be apprehended or cognized by the souses; not discernible by the mind; not easily apprehended.</def>

<blockquote>Almost <b>imperceptible</b> to the touch.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Its operation is slow, and in some cases almost <b>imperceptible</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Im`per*cep"ti*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Im`per*cep"ti*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Their . . . subility and <b>imperceptibleness</b>.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imperception</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of perception.</def>

<h1>Imperceptive</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*cep"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unable to perceive.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>imperceptive</b> part of the soul.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impercipient</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*cip"i*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not perceiving, or not able to perceive.</def>

<i>A. Baxter.</i>

<h1>Imperdibility</h1>
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<hw>Im*per`di*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being imperdible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Imperdible</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"di*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + L. <ets>perdere</ets> to destroy.]</ety> <def>Not destructible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Im*per"di*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Imperfect</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"fect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imperfectus</ets>: pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>perfectus</ets> perfect: cf. F <ets>imparfait</ets>, whence OE. <ets>imparfit</ets>. See <er>Perfect</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not perfect; not complete in all its parts; wanting a part; deective; deficient.</def>

<blockquote>Something he left <b>imperfect</b> in the state.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Why, then, your other senses grow <b>imperfect</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wanting in some elementary organ that is essential to successful or normal activity.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . stammered like a child, or an amazed, <b>imperfect</b> person.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not fulfilling its design; not realizing an ideal; not conformed to a standard or rule; not satisfying the taste or conscience; esthetically or morally defective.</def>

<blockquote>Nothing <b>imperfect</b> or deficient left
Of all that he created.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Then say not man's <b>imperfect</b>, Heaven in fault;
Say rather, man's as perfect as he ought.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Imperfect arch</col>, <cd>an arch of less than a semicircle; a skew arch.</cd> -- <col>Imperfect cadence</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>one not ending with the tonic, but with the dominant or some other chord; one not giving complete rest; a half close.</cd> -- <col>Imperfect consonances</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>chords like the third and sixth, whose ratios are less simple than those of the fifth and forth.</cd> -- <col>Imperfect flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a flower wanting either stamens or pistils. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Imperfect interval</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>one a semitone less than perfect; as, an <i>imperfect<i> fifth.</cd> -- <col>Imperfect number</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a number either greater or less than the sum of its several divisors; in the former case, it is called also a <stype>defective number</stype>; in the latter, an <stype>abundant number</stype>.</cd> -- <col>Imperfect obligations</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>obligations as of charity or gratitude, which cannot be enforced by law.</cd> -- <col>Imperfect power</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a number which can not be produced by taking any whole number or vulgar fraction, as a factor, the number of times indicated by the power; thus, 9 is a perfect square, but an <i>imperfect<i> cube.</cd> -- <col>Imperfect tense</col> <sd>(Gram)</sd>, <cd>a tense expressing past time and incomplete action.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="735">
Page 735<p>

<h1>Imperfect</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"fect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The imperfect tense; or the form of a verb denoting the imperfect tense.</def>

<h1>Imperfect</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"fect</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make imperfect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Imperfectibility</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*fec`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being imperfectible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Imperfectible</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*fec"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being mad perfect.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Imperfection</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*fec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imperfectio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imperfection</ets>. See <er>Imperfect</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The quality or condition of being imperfect; want of perfection; incompleteness; deficiency; fault or blemish.</def>

<blockquote>Sent to my account
With all my <b>imperfections</b> on my head.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Defect; deficiency; incompleteness; fault; failing; weakness; frailty; foible; blemish; vice.</syn>

<h1>Imperfectness</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"fect*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being imperfect.</def>

<h1>Imperforable</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"fo*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Imperforate</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being perforated, or bored through.</def>

<h1>Imperforata</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"fo*ra"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Imperforate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Foraminifera, including those in which the shell is not porous.</def>

<h1>Imperforate, Imperforated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Im*per"fo*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Im*per"fo*ra"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>perforatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>perforate</ets> to perforate. See <er>Perforate</er>.]</ety> <def>Not perforated; having no opening or aperture.</def>

<i>Sir J. Banks.</i>

<h1>Imperforation</h1>
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<hw>Im*per`fo*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>imperforation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being without perforation.</def>

<h1>Imperial</h1>
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<hw>Im*pe"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>emperial</ets>, OF. <ets>emperial</ets>, F. <ets>imp\'82rial</ets>, fr. L. <ets>imperialis</ets>, fr. <ets>imperium</ets> command, sovereignty, empire. See <er>Empire</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an empire, or to an emperor; <as>as, an <ex>imperial</ex> government; <ex>imperial</ex> authority or edict.</as></def>

<blockquote>The last
That wore the <b>imperial</b> diadem of Rome.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Belonging to, or suitable to, supreme authority, or one who wields it; royal; sovereign; supreme.</def> "The <i>imperial</i> democracy of Athens."

<i>Mitford.</i>

<blockquote>Who, as Ulysses says, opinion crowns
With an <b>imperial</b> voice.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To tame the proud, the fetter'd slave to free,
These are <b>imperial</b> arts, and worthy thee.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He sounds his <b>imperial</b> clarion along the whole line of battle.
<i>E. Everett.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of superior or unusual size or excellence; <as>as, <ex>imperial</ex> paper; <ex>imperial</ex> tea, etc.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Imperial bushel</col>, <col>gallon</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See <er>Bushel</er>, <er>Gallon</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Imperial chamber</col>, <cd>the, the sovereign court of the old German empire.</cd> -- <col>Imperial city</col>, <cd>under the first German empire, a city having no head but the emperor.</cd> -- <col>Imperial diet</col>, <cd>an assembly of all the states of the German empire.</cd> -- <col>Imperial drill</col>. <fld>(Manuf.)</fld> <cd>See under 8th <er>Drill</er>.</cd> -- <col>Imperial eagle</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Eagle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Imperial green</col>. <cd>See <cref>Paris green</cref>, under <er>Green</er>.</cd> -- <col>Imperial guard</col>, <cd>the royal guard instituted by Napoleon I.</cd> -- <col>Imperial weights and measures</col>, <cd>the standards legalized by the British Parliament.</cd></cs>

<h1>Imperial</h1>
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<hw>Im*pe"ri*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>imp\'82riale</ets>: cf. Sp. <ets>imperial</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The tuft of hair on a man's lower lip and chin; -- so called from the style of beard of Napoleon III.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An outside seat on a diligence.</def>

<i>T. Hughes.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A luggage case on the top of a coach.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything of unusual size or excellence, as a large decanter, a kind of large photograph, a large sheet of drowing, printing, or writing paper, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A gold coin of Russia worth ten rubles, or about eight dollars.</def>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A kind of fine cloth brought into England from Greece. or other Eastern countries, in the Middle Ages.</def>

<h1>Imperialism</h1>
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<hw>Im*pe"ri*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The power or character of an emperor; imperial authority; the spirit of empire.</def>

<blockquote>Roman <b>imperialism</b> had divided the world.
<i>C. H. Pearson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imperialist</h1>
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<hw>Im*pe"ri*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>imp\'82rialiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who serves an emperor; one who favors imperialism.</def>

<h1>Imperiality</h1>
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<hw>Im*pe`ri*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Imperialities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Imperial power.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An imperial right or privilegs. See <er>Royalty</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The late empress having, by ukases of grace, relinquished her <b>imperialities</b> on the private mines, viz., the tenths of the copper, iron, silver and gold.
<i>W. Tooke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imperialize</h1>
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<hw>Im*pe"ri*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imperialized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imperializing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To invest with imperial authority, character, or style; to bring to the form of an empire.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Imperially</h1>
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<hw>Im*pe"ri*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an imperial manner.</def>

<h1>Imperially</h1>
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<hw>Im*pe"ri*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Imperial power.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<h1>Imperil</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imperiled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Imperilled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imperiling</er> or <er>Imperilling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring into peril; to endanger.</def>

<h1>Imperilment</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"il*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of imperiling, or the state of being imperiled.</def>

<h1>Imperious</h1>
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<hw>Im*pe"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imperiosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imp\'82rieux</ets>. See <er>Imperial</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Commanding; ascendant; imperial; lordly; majestic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A vast and <i>imperious</i> mind."

<i>Tilloison.</i>

<blockquote>Therefore, great lords, be, as your titles witness,
<b>Imperious</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Haughly; arrogant; overbearing; <as>as, an <ex>imperious</ex> tyrant; an <ex>imperious</ex> manner.</as></def>

<blockquote>This <b>imperious</b> man will work us all
From princes into pages.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His bold, contemptuous, and <b>imperious</b> spirit soon made him conspicuous.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Imperative; urgent; compelling.</def>

<blockquote><b>Imperious</b> need, which can not be withstood.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Dictatorial; haughty; domineering; overbearing; lordly; tyrannical; despotic; arrogant; imperative; authoritative; commanding; pressing.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Imperious</er>, <er>Lordly</er>, <er>Domineering</er>. One who is <i>imperious</i> exercises his authority in a manner highly offensive for its spirit and tone; one who is <i>lordly</i> assumes a lofty air in order to display his importance; one who is <i>domineering</i> gives orders in a way to make other feel their inferiority.</usage>

<h1>Imperiously</h1>
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<hw>Im*pe"ri*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an imperious manner.</def>

<h1>Imperriousnes</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"ri*ous*nes</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being imperious; arrogance; haughtiness.</def>

<blockquote><b>Imperiousness</b> and severity is but an ill way of treating men who have reason of their own to guide them.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imperishability</h1>
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<hw>Im*per`ish*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being imperishable: indstructibility.</def> "The <i>imperishability</i> of the universe."

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Imperishable</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"ish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>perishable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imp\'82rissable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not perisha ble; not subject to decay; indestructible; enduringpermanently; <as>as, an <ex>imperishable</ex> monument; <ex>imperishable</ex> renown.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Im*per"ish*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Im*per"ish*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Imperiwigged</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"i"wigged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing a periwig.</def>

<h1>Impermanence, Impermanency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Im*per"ma*nence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Im*per"ma*nen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of permanence.</def>

<h1>Impermanent</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"ma*nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not permanent.</def>

<h1>Impermeability</h1>
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<hw>Im*per`me*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>permeability</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imperm\'82abilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being impermeable.</def>

<h1>Impermeable</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"me*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>permeable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imperm\'82able</ets>, L. <ets>impermeabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not permeable; not permitting passage, as of a fluid. through its substance; impervious; impenetrable; <as>as, India rubber is <ex>impermeable</ex> to water and to air</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Im*per"me*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Im*per"me*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Impermissible</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*mis"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not permissible.</def>

<h1>Imperscrutable</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*scru"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imperscrutabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not capable of being searched out; inscrutable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Im`per*scru"ta*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Imperseverant</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*sev"er*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not persevering; fickle; thoughtless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Impersonal</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"son*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impersonalis</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not +  <ets>personalis</ets> personal: cf. F. <ets>impersonnel</ets>. See <er>Personal</er>.]</ety> <def>Not personal; not representing a person; not having personality.</def>

<blockquote>An almighty but <b>impersonal</b> power, called Fate.
<i>Sir J. Stephen.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Impersonal verb</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>a verb used with an indeterminate subject, commonly, in English, with the impersonal pronoun <i>it<i>; as, <i>it rains<i>; <i>it snows<i>; <i>methinks<i> (it seems to me). Many verbs which are not strictly impersonal are often used impersonally; as, <i>it goes<i> well with him.</cd></cs>

<h1>Impersonal</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"son*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which wants personality; specifically <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, an impersonal verb.</def>

<h1>Impersonality</h1>
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<hw>Im*per`son*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being impersonal; want or absence of personality.</def>

<h1>Impersonally</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"son*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an impersonal manner.</def>

<h1>Impersonate</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"son*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impersonated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impersonating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To invest with personality; to endow with the form of a living being.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To ascribe the qualities of a person to; to personify.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To assume, or to represent, the person or character of; to personate; <as>as, he <ex>impersonated</ex> Macbeth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Benedict <b>impersonated</b> his age.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impersonation, Impersonification</h1>
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<hw><hw>Im*per`son*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Im`per*son`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of impersonating; personification; investment with personality; representation in a personal form.</def>

<h1>Impersonator</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"son*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who impersonates; an actor; a mimic.</def>

<h1>Imperspicuity</h1>
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<hw>Im*per`spi*cu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of perspicuity or clearness; vaguness; ambiguity.</def>

<h1>Imperspicuous</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*spic"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not perspicuous; not clear; obscure; vague; ambeguous.</def>

<h1>Impersuadable</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*suad"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Impersuasible</er>.]</ety> <def>Not to be persuaded; obstinate; unyielding; impersuasible.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Im`per*suad"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Impersuasible</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*sua"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>persuasible</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>impersuasible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not persuasible; not to be moved by persuasion; inflexible; impersuadable.</def> <i>Dr. H. More</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Im`per*sua`si*bil"i*ty</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Impertinence</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"ti*nence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>impertinence</ets>. See <er>Impertinent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition or quality of being impertnent; absence of pertinence, or of adaptedness; irrelevance; unfitness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conduct or language unbecoming the person, the society, or the circumstances; rudeness; incivility.</def>

<blockquote>We should avoid the vexation and <b>impertinence</b> of pedants who affect to talk in a language not to be understood.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is impertinent; a thing out of place, or of no value.</def>

<blockquote>There are many subtile <b>impertinences</b> learned in schools.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impertinency</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"ti*nen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Impertinence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>O, matter and <b>impertinency</b> mixed!
Reason in madness!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impertinent</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"ti*nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>impertinens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>pertinens</ets>. See <er>Pertinent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not pertinent; not pertaining to the matter in hand; having no bearing on the subject; not to the point; irrelevant; inapplicable.</def>

<blockquote>Things that are <b>impertinent</b> to us.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How <b>impertinent</b> that grief was which served no end!
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contrary to, or offending against, the rules of propriety or good breeding; guilty of, or prone to, rude, unbecoming, or uncivil words or actions; <as>as, an <ex>impertient</ex> coxcomb; an <ex>impertient</ex> remark.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Trifing; inattentive; frivolous.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Rude; officious; intrusive; saucy; unmannerly; meddlesome; disrespectful; impudent; insolent.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Impertinent</er>, <er>Officious</er>, <er>Rude</er>. A person is <i>officious</i> who obtrudes his <i>offices</i> or assistance where they are not needed; he is <i>impertinent</i> when he intermeddles in things with which he has no concern. The former shows a want of tact, the latter a want of breeding, or, more commonly, a spirit of sheer impudence. A person is <i>rude</i> when he violates the proprieties of social life either from ignorance or wantonness. "An <i>impertinent</i> man will ask questions for the mere grafication of curiosity; a <i>rude</i> man will burst into the room of another, or push against his person, inviolant of all decorum; one who is <i>officious</i> is quite as unfortunate as he is troublesome; when he strives to serve, he has the misfortune to annoy." <i>Crabb</i>. See <er>Impudence</er>, and <er>Insolent</er>.</usage>

<h1>Impertinent</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"ti*nent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An impertinent person.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Impertinently</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"ti*nent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an impertinent manner.</def> "Not to betray myself <i>impertinently</i>."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Impertransibility</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*tran`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being impertransible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Impertransible</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*tran"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + pertransire to go through. See <er>Per-</er> and <er>Transient</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being passed through.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Impertrubable</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*trub"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imperturbabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>perturbare</ets> to disturb: cf. F. <ets>imperturbable</ets>. See <er>Perture</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being disturbed or disconcerted; <as>as, <ex>imperturbable</ex> gravity</as>.</def>

<h1>Imperturbably</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*turb"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an imperturbable manner; calmly.</def>

<i>C. Bront\'82.</i>

<h1>Imperturbation</h1>
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<hw>Im*per`tur*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imperturbatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Freedom from agitation of mind; calmness; quietude.</def>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Imperturbed</h1>
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<hw>Im`per*turbed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not perturbed.</def>

<h1>Imperviability</h1>
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<hw>Im*per`vi*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being imperviable.</def>

<h1>Imperviable</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"vi*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not pervious; impervious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Im*per"vi*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Impervious</h1>
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<hw>Im*per"vi*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impervius</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>per</ets> through + <ets>via</ets> way. See <er>Voyage</er>.]</ety> <def>Not pervious; not admitting of entrance or passage through; <as>as, a substance <ex>impervious</ex> to water or air</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This gulf impassable, <b>impervious</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The minds of these zealots were absolutely <b>impervious</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Impassable; pathless; impenetrable; imperviable; impermeable.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Im*per"vi*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Im*per"vi*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Impery</h1>
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<hw>Im"per*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Empery.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Joye.</i>

<h1>Impest</h1>
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<hw>Im*pest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To affict with pestilence; to infect, as with plague.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Impester</h1>
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<hw>Im*pes"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Pester</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Impetiginous</h1>
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<hw>Im`pe*tig"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impetiginous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imp\'82tigineux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of, or pertaining to, impetigo.</def>

<h1>Impetigo</h1>
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<hw>Im`pe*ti"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>impetere</ets> to attack.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cutaneous, pustular eruption, not attended with fever; usually, a kind of eczema with pustulation.</def>

<h1>Impetrable</h1>
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<hw>Im"pe*tra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impetrabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imp\'82trable</ets>. See <er>Impetrate</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being obtained or moved by petition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Impetrate</h1>
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<hw>Im"pe*trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impetratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>impetrare</ets> to obtain; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>patrare</ets> to bring to pass.]</ety> <def>Obtained by entreaty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ld. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Impetrate</h1>
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<hw>Im"pe*trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impetrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impetrating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To obtain by request or entreaty.</def>

<i>Usher.</i>

<h1>Impetration</h1>
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<hw>Im`pe*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impetratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imp\'82tration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of impetrating, or obtaining by petition or entreaty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In way of <b>impertation</b> procuring the removal or allevation of our crosses.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The obtaining of benefice from Rome by solicitation, which benefice belonged to the disposal of the king or other lay patron of the realm.</def>

<h1>Impetrative</h1>
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<hw>Im"pe*tra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impetrativus</ets> obtained by entreaty.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of impetration; getting, or tending to get, by entreaty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Impetratory</h1>
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<hw>Im"pe*tra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing or expressing entreaty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Impetuosity</h1>
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<hw>Im*pet`u*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>imp\'82tuosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition or quality of being impetuous; fury; violence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Vehemence, or furiousnes of temper.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Impetuous</h1>
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<hw>Im*pet"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>impetueux</ets>, L. <ets>impetuosus</ets>. See <er>Impetus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rushing with force and violence; moving with impetus; furious; forcible; violent; <as>as, an <ex>impetuous</ex> wind; an <ex>impetuous</ex> torrent.</as></def>

<blockquote>Went pouring forward with <b>impetuous</b> speed.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Vehement in feeling; hasty; passionate; violent; <as>as, a man of <ex>impetuous</ex> temper</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The people, on their holidays,
<b>Impetuous</b>, insolent, unquenchable.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Forcible; rapid; hasty; precipitate; furious; boisterous; violent; raging; fierce; passionate.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Im*pet"u*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Im*pet"u*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Impetus</h1>
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<hw>Im"pe*tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>impetere</ets> to rush upon, attack; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>petere</ets> to fall upon, seek. See <er>Petition</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A property possessed by a moving body in virtue of its weight and its motion; the force with which any body is driven or impelled; momentum.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Momentum</i> is the technical term, <i>impetus</i> its popular equivalent, yet differing from it as applied commonly to bodies moving or moved suddenly or violently, and indicating the origin and intensity of the motion, rather than its quantity or effectiveness.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Impulse; incentive; vigor; force.</def>

<i>Buckle.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>The aititude through which a heavy body must fall to acquire a velocity equal to that with which a ball is discharged from a piece.</def>

<hr>
<page="736">
Page 736<p>

<h1>Impeyan pheasant</h1>
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<hw>Im"pey*an pheas"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From Lady <ets>Impey</ets>, who attempted to naturalize the bird in England.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Indian crested pheasant of the genus <spn>Lophophorus</spn>. Several species are known. Called also <altname>monaul</altname>, <altname>monal</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; They are remarkable for the bright color and brilliant matallic hues of their plumage. The best known species (<spn>L. Impeyanus</spn>) has the neck of a brilliant metallic red, changing to golden yellow in certain lights.</note>

<h1>Imphee</h1>
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<hw>Im"phee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The African sugar cane (<spn>Holcus saccharatus</spn>), -- resembling the sorghum, or Chinese sugar cane.</def>

<h1>Impictured</h1>
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<hw>Im*pic"tured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pictured; impressed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Impierce</h1>
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<hw>Im*pierce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>pierce</ets>. Cf. <er>Empierce</er>.]</ety> <def>To pierce; to penetrate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Impierceable</h1>
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<hw>Im*pierce"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not capable of being pierced; impenetrable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Impiety</h1>
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<hw>Im*pi"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Impieties</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>impietas</ets>, fr. <ets>impius</ets> impious; cf. F. <ets>impi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Impious</er>, <er>Piety</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being impious; want of piety; irreverence toward the Supreme Being; ungodliness; wickedness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An impious act; an act of wickednes.</def>

<blockquote>Those <b>impieties</b> for the which they are now visited.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Ungodliness; irreligion; unrighteousness; sinfulness; profaneness; wickedness; godlessness.</syn>

<h1>Impignorate</h1>
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<hw>Im*pig"no*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>impignoratus</ets>, p. pl of <ets>impignorare</ets> to pawn. See <er>Pignoration</er>.]</ety> <def>To pledge or pawn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Laing.</i>

<h1>Impignoration</h1>
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<hw>Im*pig`no*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>impignoratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>impignoration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of pawning or pledging; the state of being pawned.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Imping</h1>
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<hw>Imp"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Imp</er> to graft.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of grafting or mending.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>The process of repairing broken feathers or a deficient wing.</def>

<h1>Impinge</h1>
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<hw>Im*pinge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impinged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impinging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>impingere</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>pangere</ets> to fix, strike; prob. akin to <ets>pacisci</ets> to agree, contract. See <er>Pact</er>, and cf. <er>Impact</er>.]</ety> <def>To fall or dash against; to touch upon; to strike; to hit; to ciash with; -- with on or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The cause of reflection is not the <b>impinging</b> of light on the solid or impervious parts of bodies.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But, in the present order of things, not to be employed without <b>impinging</b> on God's justice.
<i>Bp. Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impingement</h1>
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<hw>Im*pinge"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of impinging.</def>

<h1>Impingent</h1>
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<hw>Im*pin"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impingens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Striking against or upon.</def>

<h1>Impinguate</h1>
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<hw>Im*pin"guate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impinguatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>impinguare</ets> to fatten; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>pinguis</ets> fat.]</ety> <def>To fatten; to make fat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Impinguation</h1>
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<hw>Im`pin*gua"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of making fat, or the state of being fat or fattened.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Impious</h1>
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<hw>Im"pi*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impius</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>pius</ets> piou. See <er>Pious</er>.]</ety> <def>Not pious; wanting piety; irreligious; irreverent; ungodly; profane; wanting in reverence for the Supreme Being; <as>as, an <ex>impious</ex> deed; <ex>impious</ex> language.</as></def>

<blockquote>When vice prevails, and <b>impious</b> men bear away,
The post of honor is a private station.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Impious</er>, <er>Irreligious</er>, <er>Profane</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Irreligious</i> is negative, <i>impious</i> and <i>profane</i> are positive. An indifferent man may be <i>irreligious</i>; a <i>profane</i> man is irreverent in speech and conduct; an <i>impious</i> man is wickedly and boldly defiant in the strongest sense. <i>Profane</i> also has the milder sense of <i>secular</i>.</usage>

<i>C. J. Smith.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Im"pi*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Im"pi*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Impire</h1>
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<hw>Im"pire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Umpire</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Huloet.</i>

<h1>Impishly</h1>
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<hw>Imp"ish*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the qualities, or showing the characteristics, of an imp.</def>

<h1>Impishly</h1>
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<hw>Imp"ish*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of an imp.</def>

<h1>Imppiteous</h1>
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<hw>Imp*pit"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pitiless; cruel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Implacability</h1>
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<hw>Im*pla`ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>implacabilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>implacabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being implacable.</def>

<h1>Implacable</h1>
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<hw>Im*pla"ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>implacabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>placabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>implacable</ets>. See <er>Placable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not placable; not to be appeased; incapable of being pacified; inexorable; <as>as, an implacable prince</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I see thou art <b>implacable</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An object of <b>implacable</b> enmity.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Incapable of ebign relieved or assuaged; inextinguishable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>O! how I burn with <b>implacable</b> fire.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Which wrought them pain
<b>Implacable</b>, and many a dolorous groan.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Unappeasable; inexorable; irreconcilable; unrelenting; relentless; unyielding.</syn>

<h1>Implacableness</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*pla"ca*ble*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being implacable; implacability.</def>

<h1>Implacably</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*pla"ca*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an implacable manner.</def>

<h1>Implacental</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im`pla*cen"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without a placenta, as marsupials and monotremes.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A mammal having no placenta.</def></def2>

<h1>Implacentalia</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im`pla*cen*ta"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Placental</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A primary division of the Mammalia, including the monotremes and marsupials, in which no placenta is formed.</def>

<h1>Implant</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Implanted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Implanting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>plant</ets>: cf. F. <ets>implanter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To plant, or infix, for the purpose of growth; to fix deeply; to instill; to inculate; to introduce; <as>as, to <ex>implant</ex> the seeds of virtue, or the principles of knowledge, in the minds of youth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Minds well <b>implanted</b> with solid . . . breeding.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Implantation</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im`plan*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>implantation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of implantating.</def>

<h1>Implate</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Implated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Implating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover with plates; to sheathe; <as>as, to implate a ship with iron</as>.</def>

<h1>Implausibility</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plau`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of plausibility; the quality of being implausible.</def>

<h1>Implausible</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plau"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>plausible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>implausible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not plausible; not wearing the appearance of truth or credibility, and not likely to be believed.</def> "<i>Implausible</i> harangues."

<i>Swift.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Im*plau"si*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Im*plau"si*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Impleach</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*pleach"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pleach; to interweave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Implead</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plead"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impleaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impleading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Emplead</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To institute and prosecute a suit against, in court; to sue or prosecute at law; hence, to accuse; to impeach.</def>

<h1>Implead</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plead"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sue at law.</def>

<h1>Impleadable</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plead"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not admitting excuse, evasion, or plea; rigorous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>T. Adams.</i>

<h1>Impleader</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plead"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who prosecutes or sues another.</def>

<h1>Impleasing</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*pleas"ing</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unpleasing; displeasing</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Overbury.</i>

<h1>Impledge</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*pledge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pledge.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Implement</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im"ple*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>implementum</ets> accomplishment, fr. L. <ets>implere</ets>, <ets>impletum</ets>, to fill up, finish, complete; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>plere</ets> to fill. The word was perh. confuse with OF. <ets>empleier</ets>, <ets>emploier</ets>, to employ, F. <ets>employer</ets>, whence E. <ets>employ</ets>. See <er>Plenty</er>.]</ety> <def>That which fulfills or supplies a want or use; esp., an instrument, toll, or utensil, as supplying a requisite to an end; <as>as, the <ex>implements</ex> of trade, of husbandry, or of war</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Genius must have talent as its complement and <b>implement</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Implement</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im"ple*ment</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To accomplish; to fulfill.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Revenge . . . executed and <b>implemented</b> by the hand of Vanbeest Brown.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To provide with an implement or implements; to cause to be fulfilled, satisfied, or carried out, by means of an implement or implements.</def>

<blockquote>The chief mechanical requisites of the barometer are <b>implemented</b> in such an instrument as the following.
<i>Nichol.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>To fulfill or perform, as a contract or an engagement.</def>

<h1>Implemental</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im`ple*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, implements or their use; mechanical.</def>

<h1>Impletion</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*ple"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impletio</ets>. See <er>Implement</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of filling, or the state of being full.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which fills up; filling.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Implex</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im"plex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>implexus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>implectere</ets> to infold; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>plectere</ets> to plait: cf. F <ets>implexe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Intricate; entangled; complicated; complex.</def>

<blockquote>The fable of every poem is . . . simple or <b>implex</b>. it is called simple when there is no change of fortune in it; <b>implex</b>, when the fortune of the chief actor changes from bad to good, or from good to bad.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Implexion</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plex"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>implexio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of involving, or state of being involved; involution.</def>

<h1>Impliable</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*pli"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not pliable; inflexible; inyielding.</def>

<h1>Implicate</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im"pli*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Implicated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Implicating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>implicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>implicare</ets> to involve; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>plicare</ets> to fold. See <er>Employ</er>, <er>Ply</er>, and cf. <er>Imply</er>, <er>Implicit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To infold; to fold together; to interweave.</def>

<blockquote>The meeting boughs and <b>implicated</b> leaves.
<i>Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring into connection with; to involve; to connect; -- applied to persons, in an unfavorable sense; <as>as, the evidence <ex>implicates</ex> many in this conspiracy; to be <ex>implicated</ex> in a crime, a discreditable transaction, a fault, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Implication</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im`pli*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>implicatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>implication</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of implicating, or the state of being implicated.</def>

<blockquote>Three principal causes of firmness are. the grossness, the quiet contact, and the <b>implication</b> of component parts.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An implying, or that which is implied, but not expressed; an inference, or something which may fairly be understood, though not expressed in words.</def>

<blockquote>Whatever things, therefore, it was asserted that the king might do, it was a necessary <b>implication</b> that there were other things which he could not do.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Implicative</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im"pli*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to implicate.</def>

<h1>Implicatively</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im"pli*ca*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By implication.</def>

<i>Sir G. Buck.</i>

<h1>Implicit</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plic"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>implicitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>implicare</ets> to entwine, entangle, attach closely: cf. F. <ets>implicite</ets>. See <er>Implicate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Infolded; entangled; complicated; involved.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>In his woolly fleece
I cling <b>implicit</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tacitly comprised; fairly to be understood, though not expressed in words; implied; <as>as, an implicit contract or agreement</as>.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Resting on another; trusting in the word or authority of another, without doubt or reserve; unquestioning; complete; <as>as, <ex>implicit</ex> confidence; <ex>implicit</ex> obedience.</as></def>

<blockquote>Back again to <b>implicit</b> faith I fall.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Implicit function</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Function</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Implicitly</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plic"it*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an implicit manner; without reserve; with unreserved confidence.</def>

<blockquote>Not to dispute the methods of his providence, but humbly and <b>implicitly</b> to acquiesce in and adore them.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By implication; impliedly; <as>as, to deny the providence of God is <ex>implicitly</ex> to deny his existence</as>.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Implicitness</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plic"it*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or quality of being implicit.</def>

<h1>Implicity</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Implicitness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Implied</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plied"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Virtually involved or included; involved in substance; inferential; tacitly conceded; -- the correlative of express, or expressed. See <er>Imply</er>.</def>

<h1>Impliedly</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*pli"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By implication or inference.</def>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Imploded</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plod"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>Formed by implosion.</def>

<i>Ellis.</i>

<h1>Implodent</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plod"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>An implosive sound.</def>

<i>Ellis.</i>

<h1>Imploration</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im`plo*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imploratio</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>imploration</ets>. See <er>Implore</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of imploring; earnest supplication.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Implorator</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im"plo*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who implores.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Mere <b>implorators</b> of unholy suits.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imploratory</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plor"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Supplicatory; entreating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Implore</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Implored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imploring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>implorare</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>plorare</ets> to cry aloud. See <er>Deplore</er>.]</ety> <def>To call upon, or for, in supplication; to beseech; to prey to, or for, earnestly; to petition with urency; to entreat; to beg; -- followed directly by the word expressing the thing sought, or the person from whom it is sought.</def>

<blockquote><b>Imploring</b> all the gods that reign above.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I kneel, and then <b>implore</b> her blessing.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To beseech; supplicate; crave; entreat; beg; solicit; petition; prey; request; adjure. See <er>Beseech</er>.</syn>

<h1>Implore</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plore"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To entreat; to beg; to prey.</def>

<h1>Implore</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plore"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Imploration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spencer.</i>

<h1>Implorer</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plor"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who implores.</def>

<h1>Imploring</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plor"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That implores; beseeching; entreating.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Im*plor"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Implosion</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plo"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formed by substitution of pref. <ets>im-</ets> in for pref. <ets>ex-</ets> in <ets>explosion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A burstion inwards, as of a vessel from which the air has been exhausted; -- contrasted with <i>explosion</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>A sudden compression of the air in the mouth, simultaneously with and affecting the sound made by the closure of the organs in uttering <i>p</i>, <i>t</i>, or <i>k</i>, at the end of a syllable (see <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect;159, 189); also, a similar compression made by an upward thrust of the larynx without any accompanying explosive action, as in the peculiar sound of <i>b</i>, <i>d</i>, and <i>g</i>, heard in Southern Germany.</def>

<i>H. Sweet.</i>

<h1>Implosive</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plo"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>Formed by implosion.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An implosive sound, an implodent.</def></def2> -- <wordforms><wf>Im*plo"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>H. Sweet.</i>

<h1>Implumed</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plumed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not plumed; without plumes or feathers; featherless.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Implunge</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plunge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To plunge.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Impluvium</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*plu"vi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>impluere</ets> to rain into; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>pluere</ets> to rain.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>In Roman dwellings, a cistern or tank, set in the atrium or peristyle to recieve the water from the roof, by means of the <i>compluvium</i>; generally made ornamental with flowers and works of art around its birm.</def>

<h1>Imply</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*ply"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Implied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Implying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From the same source as employ. See <er>Employ</er>, <er>Ply</er>, and cf. <er>Implicate</er>, <er>Apply</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To infold or involve; to wrap up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "His head in curls <i>implied</i>."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To involve in substance or essence, or by fair inference, or by construction of law, when not include virtually; <as>as, war <ex>implies</ex> fighting</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Where a mulicious act is proved, a mulicious intention is <b>implied</b>.
<i>Bp. Sherlock.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When a man employs a laborer to work for him, . . . the act of hiring <b>implies</b> an obligation and a promise that he shall pay him a reasonable reward for his services.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To refer, ascribe, or attribute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whence might this distaste arise?

<blockquote>If [from] neither your perverse and peevish will.
To which I most <b>imply</b> it.
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To involve; include; comprise; import; mean; denote; signify; betoken. See <er>Involve</er>.</syn>

<h1>Impoison</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*poi"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Empoison</er>.]</ety> <def>To poison; to imbitter; to impair.</def>

<h1>Impoisoner</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*poi"son*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A poisoner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fi.</i>

<h1>Impoisonment</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*poi"son*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Empoisonment</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of poisoning or impoisoning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Impolarily, Impolarly</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw><hw>Im*po"lar*i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Im*po"lar*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Not according to or in, the direction of the poles.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Impolicy</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*pol"i*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being impolitic; inexpedience; unsuitableness to the end proposed; bads policy; <as>as, the <ex>impolicy</ex> of fraud</as>.</def>

<i>Bp. Horsley.</i>

<h1>Impolite</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im`po*lite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impolitus</ets> unpolishied, pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>politus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>polire</ets> to polish, refine. See <er>Polite</er>.]</ety> <def>Not polite; not of polished manners; wanting in good manners; discourteous; uncivil; rude.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Im`po*lite"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Im`po*lite"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Impolitic</h1>
<Xpage=736>

<hw>Im*pol"i*tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>politic</ets>; cf. F. <ets>impolitique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not politic; contrary to, or wanting in, policy; unwise; imprudent; indiscreet; inexpedient; <as>as, an <ex>impolitic</ex> ruler, law, or measure</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The most unjust and <b>impolitic</b> of all things, unequal taxation.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Indiscreet; inexpedient; undiplomatic.</syn>

<hr>
<page="737">
Page 737<p>

<h1>Impolitical</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im`po*lit"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Impolitic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Im`po*lit"i*cal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Impoliticly</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*pol"i*tic*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an impolitic manner.</def>

<h1>Impoliticness</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*pol"i*tic*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being impolitic.</def>

<h1>Imponderability</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*pon`der*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>impond\'82rabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being imponderable; imponderableness.</def>

<h1>Imponderable</h1>
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<hw>Im*pon"der*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>ponderable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>impond\'82rable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not ponderable; without sensible or appreciable weight; incapable of being weighed.</def>

<h1>Imponderable</h1>
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<hw>Im*pon"der*a*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An imponderable substance or body; specifically, in the plural, a name formely applied to heat, light, electricity, and magnetism, regarded as subtile flyids destitute of weight but in modern science little used.</def>

<h1>Imponderableness</h1>
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<hw>Im*pon"der*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being imponderable.</def>

<h1>Imponderous</h1>
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<hw>Im*pon"der*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Imponderable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Sir T. Browne</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Im*pon"der*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Impone</h1>
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<hw>Im*pone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imponere</ets>, <ets>impositum</ets>, to place upon; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>ponere</ets> to place. See <er>Position</er>.]</ety> <def>To stake; to wager; to pledge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Against the which he has <b>imponed</b>, as I take it, six French rapiers and poniards.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impoofo</h1>
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<hw>Im*poo"fo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The eland.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>impoofoo</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Impoon</h1>
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<hw>Im*poon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The duykerbok.</def>

<h1>Impoor</h1>
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<hw>Im*poor"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To impoverish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Imporosity</h1>
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<hw>Im`po*ros"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perf. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>porosity</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imporosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being imporous; want of porosity; compactness.</def> "The . . . <i>imporosity</i> betwixt the tangible parts."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Imporous</h1>
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<hw>Im*por"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of pores; very close or compact in texture; solid.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Import</h1>
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<hw>Im*port"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imported</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Importing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>importare</ets> to bring in, to occasion, to cause; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>portare</ets> to bear. Sense 3 comes through F. <ets>importer</ets>, from the Latin. See <er>Port</er> demeanor.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring in from abroad; to introduce from without; especially, to bring (wares or merchandise) into a place or country from a foreign country, in the transactions of commerce; -- opposed to <i>export</i>. We <i>import</i> teas from China, coffee from Brasil, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To carry or include, as meaning or intention; to imply; to signify.</def>

<blockquote>Every petition . . . doth . . . always <b>import</b> a multitude of speakers together.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be of importance or consequence to; to have a bearing on; to concern.</def>

<blockquote>I have a motion much <b>imports</b> your good.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If I endure it, what <b>imports</b> it you?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To denote; mean; sighify; imply; indicate; betoken; interest; concern.</syn>

<h1>Import</h1>
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<hw>Im*port"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To signify; to purport; to be of moment.</def> "For that . . . <i>importeth</i> to the work."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Import</h1>
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<hw>Im"port</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Merchandise imported, or brought into a country from without its boundaries; -- generally in the plural, opposed to <i>exports</i>.</def>

<blockquote>I take the <b>imports</b> from, and not the exports to, these conquests, as the measure of these advantages which we derived from them.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which a word, phrase, or document contains as its signification or intention or interpretation of a word, action, event, and the like.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Importance; weight; consequence.</def>

<blockquote>Most serious design, and the great <b>import</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Importable</h1>
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<hw>Im*port"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>importable</ets>. See <er>Import</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being imported.</def>

<h1>Importable</h1>
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<hw>Im*port"a*ble</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>importabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>portabilis</ets> bearable: cf. OF. <ets>importable</ets>. See <er>Portable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not to be endured; insupportable; intolerable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Im*port"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Importance</h1>
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<hw>Im*por"tance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>importance</ets>. See <er>Important</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being important; consequence; weight; moment; significance.</def>

<blockquote>Thy own <b>importance</b> know,
Nor bound thy narrow views to things below.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Subject; matter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Upon <b>importance</b> of so slight and trivial a nature.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Import; meaning; significance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The wisest beholder could not say if the <b>importance</b> were joy or sorrow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Importunity; solicitation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>At our <b>importance</b> hither is he come.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Importancy</h1>
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<hw>Im*por"tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Importance; significance; consequence; that which is important.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak</i>. "Careful to conceal <i>importancies</i>." <i>Fuller</i>.

<h1>Important</h1>
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<hw>Im*por"tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>important</ets>. See <er>Import</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of, or burdened by, import; charged with great interests; restless; anxious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou hast strength as much
As serves to execute a mind very <b>important</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Carrying or possessing weight or consequence; of valuable content or bearing; significant; weighty.</def>

<blockquote>Things small as nothing . . .
He makes <b>important</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Bearing on; forcible; driving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He fiercely at him flew,
And with <b>important</b> outrage him assailed.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Importunate; pressing; urgent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Weighty; momentous; significant; essential; necessary; considerable; influential; serious.</syn>

<h1>Importantly</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*por"tant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an important manner.</def>

<h1>Importation</h1>
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<hw>Im`por*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>importation</ets>. See <er>Import</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of carrying, conveying, or delivering.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or practice of importing, or bringing into a country or state; -- opposed to <i>exportation</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is imported; commodities or wares introduced into a country from abroad.</def>

<h1>Importer</h1>
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<hw>Im*port"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who imports; the merchant who brings goods into a country or state; -- opposed to <i>exporter</i>.</def>

<h1>Importing</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*port"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of meaning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Importless</h1>
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<hw>Im*port"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Void of meaning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Importunable</h1>
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<hw>Im*por"tu*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Heavy; insupportable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Importunacy</h1>
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<hw>Im*por"tu*na*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Importunate</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being importunate; importunateness.</def>

<h1>Importunate</h1>
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<hw>Im*por"tu*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Importune</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Troublesomely urgent; unreasonably solicitous; overpressing in request or demand; urgent; teasing; <as>as, an <ex>impotunate</ex> petitioner, curiosity</as>.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hard to be borne; unendurable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Im*por"tu*nate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Im*por"tu*nate*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Importunator</h1>
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<hw>Im*por"tu*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who importunes; an importuner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir E. Sandys.</i>

<h1>Importunee</h1>
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<hw>Im`por*tunee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>importun</ets>, L. <ets>importunus</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + a derivative from the root of <ets>portus</ets> harbor, <ets>importunus</ets> therefore orig. meaning, hard of access. See <er>Port</er> harbor, and cf. <er>Importunate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inopportune; unseasonable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Troublesome; vexatious; persistent; urgent; hence, vexatious on account of untimely urgency or perinacious solicitation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And their <b>importune</b> fates all satisfied.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Of all other affections it [envy] is the most <b>importune</b> and continual.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Importune</h1>
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<hw>Im`por*tune"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Importuned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Importuning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Importune</er>, <tt>a.</tt>: cf. F. <ets>importuner</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To request or solicit, with urgency; to press with frequent, unreasonable, or troublesome application or pertinacity; hence, to tease; to irritate; to worry.</def>

<blockquote>Their ministers and residents here have perpetually <b>importuned</b> the court with unreasonable demands.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To import; to signify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "It <i>importunes</i> death."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Importune</h1>
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<hw>Im`por*tune"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To require; to demand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We shall write to you,
As time and our concernings shall <b>importune</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Importunely</h1>
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<hw>Im`por*tune"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an importune manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Importuner</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im`por*tun"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who importunes.</def>

<h1>Importunity</h1>
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<hw>Im`por*tu"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Importunities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>importunitas</ets> unsuitableness, rudeness: cf. F. <ets>importunit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being importunate; pressing or pertinacious solicitation; urgent request; incessant or frequent application; troublesome pertinacity.</def>

<blockquote>O'ercome with importunity and tears.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Importuous</h1>
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<hw>Im*por"tu*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>importuosus</ets>; pref.<ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>portuosus</ets> abounding in harbors, fr. <ets>portus</ets> harbor.]</ety> <def>Without a port or harbor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Imposable</h1>
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<hw>Im*pos"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>imposable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being imposed or laid on.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Imposableness</h1>
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<hw>Im*pos"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being imposable.</def>

<h1>Impose</h1>
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<hw>Im*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imposed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imposing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>imposer</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>poser</ets> to place. See <er>Pose</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay on; to set or place; to put; to deposit.</def>

<blockquote>Cakes of salt and barley [she] did <b>impose</b>
Within a wicker basket.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lay as a charge, burden, tax, duty, obligation, command, penalty, etc.; to enjoin; to levy; to inflict; <as>as, to <ex>impose</ex> a toll or tribute</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What fates <b>impose</b>, that men must needs abide.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Death is the penalty <b>imposed</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou on the deep <b>imposest</b> nobler laws.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>To lay on, as the hands, in the religious rites of confirmation and ordination.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To arrange in proper order on a table of stone or metal and lock up in a chase for printing; -- said of columns or pages of type, forms, etc.</def>

<h1>Impose</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*pose"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To practice trick or deception.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To impose on</col> &or; <col>upon</col></mcol>, <cd>to pass or put a trick on; to delude.</cd> "He <i>imposes on<i> himself, and mistakes words for things."</cs>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Impose</h1>
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<hw>Im*pose"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A command; injunction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Imposement</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*pose"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Imposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Imposer</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*pos"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who imposes.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>imposers</b> of these oaths might repent.
<i>Walton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imposing</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*pos"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Laying as a duty; enjoining.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Adapted to impress forcibly; impressive; commanding; <as>as, an <ex>imposing</ex> air; an <ex>imposing</ex> spectacle.</as></def> "Large and <i>imposing</i> edifices."

<i>Bp. Hobart.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Deceiving; deluding; misleading.</def>

<h1>Imposing</h1>
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<hw>Im*pos"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The act of imposing the columns of a page, or the pages of a sheet. See <er>Impose</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 4.</def>

<cs><col>Imposing stone</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>the stone on which the pages or columns of types are imposed or made into forms; -- called also <altname>imposing table</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Imposingly</h1>
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<hw>Im*pos"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an imposing manner.</def>

<h1>Imposingness</h1>
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<hw>Im*pos"ing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being imposing.</def>

<h1>Imposition</h1>
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<hw>Im`po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>impositio</ets> the application of a name to a thing. See <er>Impone</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of imposing, laying on, affixing, enjoining, inflicting, obtruding, and the like.</def> "From <i>imposition</i> of strict laws." <i>Milton</i>.

<blockquote>Made more solemn by the <b>imposition</b> of hands.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is imposed, levied, or enjoined; charge; burden; injunction; tax.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eng. Univ.)</fld> <def>An extra exercise enjoined on students as a punishment.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An excessive, arbitrary, or unlawful exaction; hence, a trick or deception put on laid on others; cheating; fraud; delusion; imposture.</def>

<blockquote>Reputation is an idle and most false <b>imposition</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The act of laying on the hands as a religious ceremoy, in ordination, confirmation, etc.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The act or process of imosing pages or columns of type. See <er>Impose</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 4.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Deceit; fraud; imposture. See <er>Deception</er>.</syn>

<h1>Impossibility</h1>
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<hw>Im*pos`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Impossibilities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>impossibilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>impossibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being impossible; impracticability.</def>

<blockquote>They confound difficulty with <b>impossibility</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An impossible thing; that which can not be thought, done, or endured.</def>

<blockquote><b>Impossibilities</b>! O, no, there's none.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Inability; helplessness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<cs><col>Logical impossibility</col>, <cd>a condition or statement involving contradiction or absurdity; as, that a thing can be and not be at the same time. See <cref>Principle of Contradiction</cref>, under <er>Contradiction</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Impossible</h1>
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<hw>Im*pos"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>impossibilis</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>possibilis</ets> possible. See <er>Possible</er>.]</ety> <def>Not possible; incapable of being done, of existing, etc.; unattainable in the nature of things, or by means at command; insuperably difficult under the circumstances; absurd or impracticable; not feasible.</def>

<blockquote>With men this is <b>impossible</b>; but with God all things are possible.
<i>Matt. xix. 26.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Without faith it is <b>impossible</b> to please him.
<i>Heb. xi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Impossible quantity</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>an imagnary quantity. See <er>Imaginary</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Impracticable</er>.</syn>

<h1>Impossible</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*pos"si*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An impossibility.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>"Madam," quoth he, "this were an <b>impossible</b>!"
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impossibly</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*pos"si*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Not possibly.</def>

<i>Sir. T. North.</i>

<h1>Impost</h1>
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<hw>Im"post</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>impost</ets>, F. <ets>impot</ets>, LL. <ets>impostus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>impostus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>imponere</ets> to impose. See <er>Impone</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is imposed or levied; a tax, tribute, or duty; especially, a duty or tax laid by goverment on goods imported into a country.</def>

<blockquote>Even the ship money . . . Johnson could not pronounce to have been an unconstitutional <b>impost</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The top member of a pillar, pier, wall, etc., upon which the weight of an arch rests.</def>

<note>&hand; The impost is called <i>continuous</i>, if the moldings of the arch or architrave run down the jamb or pier without a break.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Tribute; excise; custom; duty; tax.</syn>

<h1>Imposthumate</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*post"hu*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Imposthume</er>.]</ety> <def>To apostemate; to form an imposthume or abscess.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Imposthumate</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*post"hu*mate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imposthumated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imposthumating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To affect with an imposthume or abscess.</def>

<h1>Imposthumate</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*post"hu*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Imposthumated.</def>

<h1>Imposthumation</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*post`hu*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of forming an abscess; state of being inflamed; suppuration.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An abscess; an imposthume.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Imposthume</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*post"hume</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>aposteme</ets>. See <er>Aposteme</er>.]</ety> <def>A collection of pus or purulent matter in any part of an animal body; an abscess.</def>

<h1>Imposthume</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*post"hume</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Imposthumate</er>.</def>

<h1>Impostor</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*pos"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impostor</ets> a deceiver, fr. <ets>imponere</ets> to impose upon, deceive. See <er>Impone</er>.]</ety> <def>One who imposes upon others; a person who assumes a character or title not his own, for the purpose of deception; a pretender.</def> "The fraudulent <i>impostor</i> foul."

<i>Milton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Deceiver; cheat; rogue. See <er>Deceiver</er>.</syn>

<h1>Impostorship</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*pos"tor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition, character, or practice of an impostor.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Impostress, Impostrix</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw><hw>Im*pos"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Im*pos"trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>impostrix</ets>. See <er>Impostor</er>.]</ety> <def>A woman who imposes upon or deceives others.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Impostrous</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*pos"trous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Characterized by imposture; deceitful.</def> "<i>Impostrous</i> pretense of knowledge."

<i>Grote.</i>

<h1>Imposturage</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*pos"tur*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Imposture; cheating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Imposture</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*pos"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impostura</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imposture</ets>. See <er>Impone</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or conduct of an impostor; deception practiced under a false or assumed character; fraud or imposition; cheating.</def>

<blockquote>From new legends
And fill the world with follies and <b>impostures</b>.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Cheat; fraud; trick; imposition; delusion.</syn>

<h1>Impostured</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*pos"tured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Done by imposture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Imposturous</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*pos"tur*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Impostrous; deceitful.</def>

<blockquote>Strictness fales and <b>impostrous</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impostury</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*pos"tur*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Imposture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Impotence, Impotency</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw><hw>Im"po*tence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Im"po*ten*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impotenia</ets> inability, poverty, want of moderation. See <er>Impotent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or condition of being impotent; want of strength or power, animal, intellectual, or moral; weakness; feebleness; inability; imbecility.</def>

<blockquote>Some were poor by <b>impotency</b> of nature; as young fatherless children, old decrepit persons, idiots, and cripples.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O, <b>impotence</b> of mind in body strong!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Want of self-restraint or self-control.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law & Med.)</fld> <def>Want of procreative power; inability to copulate, or beget children; also, sometimes, sterility; barrenness.</def>

<h1>Impotent</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im"po*tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>impotent</ets>, L. <ets>impotens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>potens</ets> potent, powerful. See <er>Potent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not potent; wanting power, strength. or vigor. whether physical, intellectual, or moral; deficient in capacity; destitute of force; weak; feeble; infirm.</def>

<blockquote>There sat a certain man at Lystra, <b>impotent</b> inhis feet.
<i>Acts xiv. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O most lame and <b>impotent</b> conclusion!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Not slow to hear,
Nor <b>impotent</b> to save.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wanting the power of self-restraint; incontrolled; ungovernable; violent.</def>

<blockquote><b>Impotent</b> of tongue, her silence broke.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Wanting the power of procreation; unable to copulate; also, sometimes, sterile; barren.</def>

<h1>Impotent</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im"po*tent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is imoitent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Impotently</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im"po*tent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an impotent manner.</def>

<h1>Impound</h1>
<Xpage=737>

<hw>Im*pound"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impounded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impounding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To shut up or place in an inclosure called a <i>pound</i>; hence, to hold in the custody of a court; <as>as, to <ex>impound</ex> stray cattle; to <ex>impound</ex> a document for safe keeping.</as></def>

<blockquote>But taken and <b>impounded</b> as a stray,
The king of Scots.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="738">
Page 738<p>

<h1>Impoundage</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*pound"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of impounding, or the state of being impounded.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fee or fine for impounding.</def>

<h1>Impounder</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*pound"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who impounds.</def>

<h1>Impoverish</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*pov"er*ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impoverished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impoverishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>empovrir</ets>; pref. <ets>em-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>povre</ets> poor, F. <ets>pauvre</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>apovrir</ets>, F. <ets>appauvrir</ets>, where the prefix is <ets>a-</ets>, L. <ets>ad</ets>. Cf. <er>Empoverish</er>, and see <er>Poor</er>, and <er>-ish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make poor; to reduce to poverty or indigence; <as>as, misfortune and disease <ex>impoverish</ex> families</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exhaust the strength, richness, or fertility of; to make sterile; <as>as, to <ex>impoverish</ex> land</as>.</def>

<h1>Impoverisher</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*pov"er*ish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, impoverishes.</def>

<h1>Impoverishment</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*pov"er*ish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>empoverissement</ets>, and F. <ets>appauvrissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of impoverishing, or the state of being impoverished; reduction to poverty.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Impower</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*pow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Empower</er>.</def>

<h1>Imp-pole</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Imp"-pole`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Building)</fld> <def>A pole for supporting a scaffold.</def>

<h1>Impracticability</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*prac`ti*ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Impracticabilities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being impracticable; infeasibility.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An impracticable thing.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Intractableness; stubbornness.</def>

<h1>Impracticable</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*prac"ti*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not practicable; incapable of being performed, or accomplished by the means employed, or at command; impossible; <as>as, an <ex>impracticable</ex> undertaking</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not to be overcome, presuaded, or controlled by any reasonable method; unmanageable; intractable; not capable of being easily dealt with; -- used in a general sense, as applied to a person or thing that is difficult to control or get along with.</def>

<blockquote>This though, <b>impracticable</b> heart
Is governed by a dainty-fingered girl.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Patriotic butloyal men went away disguested afresh with the <b>impracticable</b> arrogance of a sovereign.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Incapable of being used or availed of; <as>as, an <ex>impracticable</ex> road; an <ex>impracticable</ex> method.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Impossible; infeasible. -- <er>Impracticable</er>, <er>Impossible</er>. A thing is <i>impracticable</i> when it can not be accomplished by any human means at present possessed; a thing is <i>impossible</i> when the laws of nature forbid it. The navigation of a river may now be <i>impracticable</i>, but not <i>impossible</i>, because the existing obstructions may yet be removed. "The barons exercised the most despotic authority over their vassals, and every scheme of public utility was rendered <i>impracticable</i> by their continued petty wars with each other." <i>Mickle</i>. "With men this is <i>impossible</i>, but with God all things are possible." <i>Matt. xix. 26</i>.</syn>

<h1>Impracticableness</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*prac"ti*ca*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being impracticable; impracticability.</def>

<h1>Impracticably</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*prac"ti*ca*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an impracticable manner.</def>

<blockquote>Morality not <b>impracticably</b> rigid.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impractical</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*prac"ti*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not practical.</def>

<h1>Imprecate</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im"pre*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imprecated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imprecating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>imprecatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>imprecari</ets> to imprecate; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in, on + <ets>precari</ets> to pray. See <er>Pray</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To call down by prayer, as something hurtful or calamitous.</def>

<blockquote><b>Imprecate</b> the vengeance of Heaven on the guilty empire.
<i>Mickle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To invoke evil upon; to curse; to swear at.</def>

<blockquote>In vain we blast the ministers of Fate,
And the forlorn physicians <b>imprecate</b>.
<i>Rochester.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imprecation</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im`pre*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imprecatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>impr\'82cation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of imprecating, or unvoking evil upon any one; a player that a curse or calamnity may fall on any one; a curse.</def>

<blockquote>Men cowered like slaves before such horrid <b>imprecations</b>.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Malediction; curse; execration; anathema. See <er>Malediction</er>.</syn>

<h1>Imprecatory</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im"pre*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of, or containing, imprecation; invokingevil; <as>as, the <ex>imprecatory</ex> psalms</as>.</def>

<h1>Imprecision</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im`pre*ci"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of precision.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Impregn</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*pregn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>impregner</ets>. See <er>Impregnate</er>.]</ety> <def>To impregnate; to make fruitful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His perniciousss words, <b>impregned</b>
With reason.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Semele doth Bacchus bear
<b>Impregned</b> of Jove.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impregnability</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*preg`na*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being impregnable; invincibility.</def>

<h1>Impregnable</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*preg"na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>imprenable</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>prenable</ets> pregnable, fr. <ets>prendre</ets> to take, L. <ets>prehendere</ets>. See <er>Comprehend</er>, <er>Get</er> to obtain.]</ety> <def>Not to be stormed, or taken by assault; incapable of being subdued; able to resist attack; unconquerable; <as>as, an <ex>impregnable</ex> fortress; <ex>impregnable</ex> virtue.</as></def>

<blockquote>The man's affection remains wholly unconcerned and <b>impregnable</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Im*preg"na*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Im*preg"na*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Impregnable</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*preg"na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See Impregnate.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Capable of being impregnated, as the egg of an animal, or the ovule of a plant.</def>

<h1>Impregnant</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*preg"nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Impregnate</er>.]</ety> <def>That which impregnates.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Impregnant</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*preg"nant</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>pregnant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not pregnant; unfertilized or infertile.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Impregnate</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*preg"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impregnated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impregnating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>impraegnatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>impraegnare</ets> to impregnate, fr. L. pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>praegnans</ets> pregnant. See <er>Pregnant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make pregnant; to cause to conceive; to render prolific; to get with child or young.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To come into contact with (an ovum or egg) so as to cause impregnation; to fertilize; to fecundate.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To infuse an active principle into; to render frutful or fertile in any way; to fertilize; to imbue.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To infuse particles of another substance into; to communicate the quality of another to; to cause to be filled, imbued, mixed, or furnished (with something); <as>as, to <ex>impregnate</ex> India rubber with sulphur; clothing <ex>impregnated</ex> with contagion; rock <ex>impregnated</ex> with ore.</as></def>

<h1>Impregnate</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*preg"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become pregnant.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Impregnate</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*preg"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>impraegnatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Impregnated; made prolific.</def>

<blockquote>The scorching ray
Here pierceth not, <b>impregnate</b> with disease.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impregnation</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im`preg*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>impr\'82gnation</ets>, LL. <ets>impraegnatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of impregnating or the state of being impregnated; fecundation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The fusion of a female germ cell (ovum) with a male germ cell (in animals, a spermatozo\'94n) to form a single new cell endowed with the power of developing into a new individual; fertilization; fecundation.</def>

<note>&hand; In the broadest biological sense, impregnation, or sexual generation, consists simply in the coalescence of two similar masses of protoplasmic matter, either derived from different parts of the same organism or from two distinct organisms. From the single mass, which results from the fusion, or coalescence, of these two masses, a new organism develops.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That with which anything is impregnated.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Intimate mixture; influsion; saturation.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>An ore deposit, with indefinite boundaries, consisting of rock impregnated with ore.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Imprejudicate</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im`pre*ju"di*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not prejuged; unprejudiced; impartial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Imprenable</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*pre"na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Impregnable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Impreparation</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*prep`a*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of preparation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Impresa</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im*pre"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Emprise</er>, and cf. <er>Impress</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A device on a shield or seal, or used as a bookplate or the like.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>imprese</asp> and <asp>impress</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>My <b>impresa</b> to your lordship; a swain
Flying to a laurel for shelter.
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impresario</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im`pre*sa"ri*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Impresarios</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It., from <ets>impresa</ets> enterprise.]</ety> <def>The projector, manager, or conductor, of an opera or concert company.</def>

<h1>Imprescriptibility</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im`pre*scrip`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>imprescriptibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being imprescriptible.</def>

<h1>Imprescriptible</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im`pre*scrip"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>prescriptible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imprescriptible</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not capable of being lost or impaired by neglect, by disuse, or by the claims of another founded on prescription.</def>

<blockquote>The right of navigation, fishing, and others that may be exercised on the sea, belonging to the right of mere ability, are <b>imprescriptible</b>.
<i>Vattel (Trans. )</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not derived from, or dependent on, external authority; self-evidencing; obvious.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>imprescriptible</b> laws of the pure reason.
<i>Colerridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imprescriptibly</h1>
<Xpage=738>

<hw>Im`pre*scrip"ti*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an imprescriptible manner; obviously.</def>

<h1>Imprese</h1>
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<hw>Im*prese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A device. See <er>Impresa</er>.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>imprese</b>, as the Italians call it, is a device in picture with his motto or word, borne by noble or learned personages.
<i>Camden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impress</h1>
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<hw>Im*press"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impressed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impressing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>impressus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>imprimere</ets> to impress; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in, on + <ets>premere</ets> to press. See <er>Press</er> to squeeze, and cf. <er>Imprint</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To press, stamp, or print something in or upon; to mark by pressure, or as by pressure; to imprint (that which bears the impression).</def>

<blockquote>His heart, like an agate, with your print <b>impressed</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To produce by pressure, as a mark, stamp, image, etc.; to imprint (a mark or figure upon something).</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: To fix deeply in the mind; to present forcibly to the attention, etc.; to imprint; to inculcate.</def>

<blockquote><b>Impress</b> the motives of persuasion upon our own hearts till we feel the force of them.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[See <er>Imprest</er>, <er>Impress</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.]</ety> <def>To take by force for public service; <as>as, to <ex>impress</ex> sailors or money</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The second five thousand pounds <b>impressed</b> for the service of the sick and wounded prisoners.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impress</h1>
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<hw>Im*press"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be impressed; to rest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Such fiendly thoughts in his heart <b>impress</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impress</h1>
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<hw>Im"press</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Impresses</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of impressing or making.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mark made by pressure; an indentation; imprint; the image or figure of anything, formed by pressure or as if by pressure; result produced by pressure or influence.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>impresses</b> of the insides of these shells.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This weak <b>impress</b> of love is as a figure
Trenched in ice.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Characteristic; mark of distinction; stamp.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A device. See <er>Impresa</er>.</def>

<i>Cussans.</i>

<blockquote>To describe . . . emblazoned shields,
<b>Impresses</b> quaint.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <ety>[See <er>Imprest</er>, <er>Press</er> to force into service.]</ety> <def>The act of impressing, or taking by force for the public service; compulsion to serve; also, that which is impressed.</def>

<blockquote>Why such <b>impress</b> of shipwrights?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Impress gang</col>, <cd>a party of men, with an officer, employed to impress seamen for ships of war; a press gang.</cd> -- <col>Impress money</col>, <cd>a sum of money paid, immediately upon their entering service, to men who have been impressed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Impressibility</h1>
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<hw>Im*press`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being impressible; susceptibility.</def>

<h1>Impressible</h1>
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<hw>Im*press"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>impressible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being impressed; susceptible; sensitive.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Im*press"i*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Im*press"i*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Impression</h1>
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<hw>Im*pres"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>impression</ets>, L. <ets>impressio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of impressing, or the state of being impressed; the communication of a stamp, mold, style, or character, by external force or by influence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is impressed; stamp; mark; indentation; sensible result of an influence exerted from without.</def>

<blockquote>The stamp and clear <b>impression</b> of good sense.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To shelter us from <b>impressions</b> of weather, we must spin, we must weave, we must build.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which impresses, or exercises an effect, action, or agency; appearance; phenomenon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Portentous blaze of comets and <b>impressions</b> in the air.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A fiery <b>impression</b> falling from out of Heaven.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Influence or effect on the senses or the intellect hence, interest, concern.</def>

<i>Reid.</i>

<blockquote>His words <b>impression</b> left.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Such terrible <b>impression</b> made the dream.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have a father's dear <b>impression</b>,
And wish, before I fall into my grave,
That I might see her married.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An indistinct notion, remembrance, or belief.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Impressiveness; emphasis of delivery.</def>

<blockquote>Which must be read with an <b>impression</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The pressure of the type on the paper, or the result of such pressure, as regards its appearance; <as>as, a heavy <ex>impression</ex>; a clear, or a poor, <ex>impression</ex></as>; also, a single copy as the result of printing, or the whole edition printed at a given time.</def>

<blockquote>Ten <b>impressions</b> which his books have had.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>In painting, the first coat of color, as the priming in house painting and the like.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Engraving)</fld> <def>A print on paper from a wood block, metal plate, or the like.</def>

<cs><col>Proof impression</col>, <cd>one of the early impressions taken from an engraving, before the plate or block is worn.</cd></cs>

<h1>Impressionability</h1>
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<hw>Im*pres`sion*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being impressionable.</def>

<h1>Impresionable</h1>
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<hw>Im*pres"ion*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>impressionnable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Liable or subject to impression; capable of being molded; susceptible; impressible.</def>

<blockquote>He was too <b>impressionable</b>; he had too much of the temperament of genius.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A pretty face and an <b>impressionable</b> disposition.
<i>T. Hook.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impressionableness</h1>
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<hw>Im*pres"sion*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being impressionable.</def>

<h1>Impressionism</h1>
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<hw>Im*pres"sion*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>impressionnisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The theory or method of suggesting an effect or impression without elaboration of the details; -- a disignation of a recent fashion in painting and etching.</def>

<h1>Impressionist</h1>
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<hw>Im*pres"sion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>impressionniste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>One who adheres to the theory or method of impressionism, so called.</def>

<h1>Impressionistic</h1>
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<hw>Im*pres`sion*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, impressionism.</def>

<h1>Impressionless</h1>
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<hw>Im*pres"sion*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the quality of not being impressed or affected; not susceptible.</def>

<h1>Impressive</h1>
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<hw>Im*press"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. impressif.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Making, or tending to make, an impression; having power to impress; adapted to excite attention and feeling, to touch the sensibilities, or affect the conscience; <as>as, an <ex>impressive</ex> discourse; an <ex>impressive</ex> scene.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being impressed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

- <wordforms><wf>Im*press"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Im*press"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Impressment</h1>
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<hw>Im*press"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of seizing for public use, or of impressing into public service; compulsion to serve; <as>as, the <ex>impressment</ex> of provisions or of sailors</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The great scandal of our naval service -- <b>impressment</b> -- died a protracted death.
<i>J. H. Burton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impressor</h1>
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<hw>Im*press"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., a printer.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, impresses.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Impressure</h1>
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<hw>Im*pres"sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>impressure</ets>, LL. <ets>impressura</ets>.]</ety> <def>Dent; impression.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Imprest</h1>
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<hw>Im*prest"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[ <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imprested</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impresting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> + <ets>prest</ets>: cf. It. <ets>imprestare</ets>. See <er>Prest</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To advance on loan.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Imprest</h1>
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<hw>Im"prest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>impresto</ets>, <ets>imprestito</ets>, LL. <ets>impraestitum</ets>. See <er>Imprest</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and <er>Impress</er> compulsion to serve.]</ety> <def>A kind of earnest money; loan; -- specifically, money advanced for some public service, as in enlistment.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<blockquote>The clearing of their <b>imprests</b> for what little of their debts they have received.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imprevalence, Imprevalency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Im*prev"a*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Im*prev"a*len*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of prevalence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Impreventability</h1>
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<hw>Im`pre*vent`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being impreventable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Impreventable</h1>
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<hw>Im`pre*vent"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not preventable; invitable.</def>

<h1>Imprimatur</h1>
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<hw>Im`pri*ma"tur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., let it be printed.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A license to print or publish a book, paper, etc.; also, in countries subjected to the censorship of the press, approval of that which is published.</def>

<h1>Imprimery</h1>
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<hw>Im*prim"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>imprimerie</ets>, fr. <ets>imprimer</ets> to imprint.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A print; impression.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A printing establishment</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The art of printing.</def>

<h1>Impriming</h1>
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<hw>Im*prim"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A begining.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Their springings and <i>imprimings</i>."

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Imprimis</h1>
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<hw>Im*pri"mis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[L., for <ets>in primis</ets> among the first, chiefly; <ets>in</ets> in + <ets>primus</ets> first.]</ety> <def>In the first place; first in order.</def>

<h1>Imprint</h1>
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<hw>Im*print"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imptrinted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imprinting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>emprenten</ets>, F. <ets>empreint</ets>, p. p. of <ets>empreindre</ets> to imprint, fr. L. <ets>imprimere</ets> to impres, imprint. See 1st <er>In-</er>, <er>Print</er>, and cf. <er>Impress</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To impress; to mark by pressure; to indent; to stamp.</def>

<blockquote>And sees his num'rous herds <b>imprint</b> her sands.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stamp or mark, as letters on paper, by means of type, plates, stamps, or the like; to print the mark (figures, letters, etc., upon something).</def>

<blockquote>Nature <b>imprints</b> upon whate'er we see,
That has a heart and life in it, "Be free."
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fix indelibly or permanently, as in the mind or memory; to impress.</def>

<blockquote>Ideas of those two different things distinctly <b>imprinted</b> on his mind.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="739">
Page 739<p>

<h1>Imprint</h1>
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<hw>Im"print</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>empreinte</ets> impress, stamp. See <er>Imprint</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Whatever is impressed or imprinted; the impress or mark left by something; specifically, the name of the printer or publisher (usually) with the time and place of issue, in the title-page of a book, or on any printed sheet.</def> "That <i>imprint</i> of their hands."

<i>Buckle.</i>

<h1>Imprison</h1>
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<hw>Im*pris"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imprisoned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imprisoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>enprisonen</ets>, OF. <ets>enprisoner</ets>, F. <ets>emprisonner</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + F. & OF. <ets>prison</ets>. See <er>Prison</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put in prison or jail; To arrest and detain in custody; to confine.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>imprisoned</b> was in chains remediles.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To limit, restrain, or confine in any way.</def>

<blockquote>Try to <b>imprison</b> the resistless wind.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To incarcerate; confine; immure.</syn>

<h1>Imprisoner</h1>
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<hw>Im*pris"on*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who imprisons.</def>

<h1>Imprison ment</h1>
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<hw>Im*pris"on ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>enprisonment</ets>; F. <ets>emprisonnement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of imprisoning, or the state of being imprisoned; confinement; restraint.</def>

<blockquote>His sinews waxen weak and raw
Through long <b>imprisonment</b> and hard constraint.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Every confinement of the person is an <b>imprisonment</b>, whether it be in a common prison, or in a private house, or even by foreibly detaining one in the public streets.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>False imprisonment</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>False</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Incarceration; custody; confinement; durance; restraint.</syn>

<h1>Improbability</h1>
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<hw>Im*prob`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Improbabilities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>improbabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being improbable; unlikelihood; also, that which is improbable; an improbable event or result.</def>

<h1>Improbable</h1>
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<hw>Im*prob"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>improbabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>probabilis</ets> probable: cf. F. <ets>improbable</ets>. See <er>Probable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not probable; unlikely to be true; not to be expected under the circumstances or in the usual course of events; <as>as, an <ex>improbable</ex> story or event</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . sent to Elutherius, then bishop of Rome, an <b>improbable</b> letter, as some of the contents discover.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Im*prob"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Im*prob"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Improbate</h1>
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<hw>Im"pro*bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>improbatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>improbare</ets> to disapprove; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>probare</ets> to approve.]</ety> <def>To disapprove of; to disallow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Improbation</h1>
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<hw>Im`pro*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>improbatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of disapproving; disapprobation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The act by which falsehood and forgery are proved; an action brought for the purpose of having some instrument declared false or forged.</def>

<i>Bell.</i>

<h1>Improbative, Improbatory</h1>
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<hw><hw>Im"pro*ba*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Im"pro*ba`to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Implying, or tending to, improbation.</def>

<h1>Improbity</h1>
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<hw>Im*prob"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>improbitas</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>probitas</ets> probity: cf. F. <ets>improbit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lack of probity; want of integrity or rectitude; dishonesty.</def>

<blockquote>Persons . . . cast out for notorious <b>improbity</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Improficience, Improficiency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Im`pro*fi"cience</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Im`pro*fi"cien*cy</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of proficiency.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Improfitable</h1>
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<hw>Im*prof"it*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>profitable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>improfitable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unprofitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Improgressive</h1>
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<hw>Im`pro*gress"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not progressive.</def> <i>De Quincey</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Im"pro*gress"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Improlific</h1>
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<hw>Im`pro*lif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>prolific</ets>: cf. F. <ets>improlifique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not prolific.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Waterhouse.</i>

<h1>Improlificate</h1>
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<hw>Im`pro*lif"ic*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>prolificate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To impregnate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Imprompt</h1>
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<hw>Im*prompt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not ready.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Impromptu</h1>
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<hw>Im*promp"tu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. &or; a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>impromptu</ets>, fr. L. <ets>in promptu</ets> in readiness, at hand; <ets>in</ets> in + <ets>promptus</ets> visibility, readiness, from <ets>promptus</ets> visible, ready. See <er>Prompt</er>.]</ety> <def>Offhand; without previous study; extemporaneous; extempore; <as>as, an <ex>impromptu</ex> verse</as>.</def>

<h1>Impromptu</h1>
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<hw>Im*promp"tu</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something made or done offhand, at the moment, or without previous study; an extemporaneous composition, address, or remark.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A piece composed or played at first thought; a composition in the style of an extempore piece.</def>

<h1>Improper</h1>
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<hw>Im*prop"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>impropre</ets>, L. <ets>improprius</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>proprius</ets> proper. See <er>Proper</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not proper; not suitable; not fitted to the circumstances, design, or end; unfit; not becoming; incongruous; inappropriate; indecent; <as>as, an <ex>improper</ex> medicine; <ex>improper</ex> thought, behavior, language, dress.</as></def>

<blockquote>Follow'd his enemy king, and did him service,
<b>Improper</b> for a slave.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And to their proper operation still,
Ascribe all Good; to their <b>improper</b>, Ill.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not peculiar or appropriate to individuals; general; common.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Not to be adorned with any art but such <b>improper</b> ones as nature is said to bestow, as singing and poetry.
<i>J. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not according to facts; inaccurate; erroneous.</def>

<cs><col>Improper diphthong</col>. <cd>See under <er>Diphthong</er>.</cd> -- <col>Improper feud</col>, <cd>an originalfeud, not earned by military service. <i>Mozley<i> & <i>W<i>.</cd> -- <col>Improper fraction</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fraction</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Improper</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*prop"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To appropriate; to limit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He would in like manner <b>improper</b> and inclose the sunbeams to comfort the rich and not the poor.
<i>Jewel.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Improperation</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*prop`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>improperare</ets>, <ets>improperatum</ets>, to taunt.]</ety> <def>The act of upbraiding or taunting; a reproach; a taunt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Improperatios</b> and terms of scurrility.
<i>Sir T. Browne</i></blockquote>

<h1>Improperia</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im`pro*pe"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., reproaches.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A series of antiphons and responses, expressing the sorrowful remonstrance of our Lord with his people; -- sung on the morning of the Good Friday in place of the usual daily Mass of the Roman ritual.</def>

<i>Grove.</i>

<h1>Improperly</h1>
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<hw>Im*prop"er*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an improper manner; not properly; unsuitably; unbecomingly.</def>

<h1>Improperty</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*prop"er*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Impropriety.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Impropitious</h1>
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<hw>Im`pro*pi"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unpropitious; unfavorable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Dreams were <i>impropitious</i>."

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Improportionable</h1>
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<hw>Im`pro*por"tion*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not proportionable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Improportionate</h1>
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<hw>Im`pro*por"tion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not proportionate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Impropriate</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*pro"pri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impropriated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impropriating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + L. <ets>propriatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>propriare</ets> to appropriate. See <er>Appropriate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To appropriate to one's self; to assume.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>impropriate</b> the thanks to himself.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>To place the profits of (ecclesiastical property) in the hands of a layman for care and disbursement.</def>

<h1>Impropriate</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*pro"pri*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become an impropriator.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Impropriate</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*pro"pri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>Put into the hands of a layman; impropriated.</def>

<h1>Impropriation</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*pro`pri*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of impropriating; <as>as, the <ex>impropriation</ex> of property or tithes</as>; also, that which is impropriated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of putting an ecclesiastical benefice in the hands of a layman, or lay corporation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A benefice in the hands of a layman, or of a lay corporation.</def>

<h1>Impropriator</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*pro"pri*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who impropriates; specifically, a layman in possession of church property.</def>

<h1>Impropriatrix</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*pro`pri*a"trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>-trixes</plw>, L. <plw>-trices</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>A female impropriator.</def>

<h1>Impropriety</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im`pro*pri"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Improprieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>improprietas</ets>; cf. F. <ets>impropri\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Improper</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being improper; unfitness or unsuitableness to character, time place, or circumstances; <as>as, <ex>improperiety</ex> of behavior or manners</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is improper; an unsuitable or improper act, or an inaccurate use of language.</def>

<blockquote>But every language has likewise its <b>improprieties</b> and absurdities.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Many gross <b>improprieties</b>, however authorized by practice, ought to be discarded.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Improsperity</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im`pros*per"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>improsp\'82rit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of prosperity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Improsperous</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*pros"per*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>prosperous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>improsp\'8are</ets>, L. <ets>improsper</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not prosperous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Dryden</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Im*pros"per*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wf>Im*pros"per*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Improvability</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*prov`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being improvable; improvableness.</def>

<h1>Improvable</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*prov"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Improve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being improved; susceptible of improvement; admitting of being made better; capable of cultivation, or of being advanced in good qualities.</def>

<blockquote>Man is accommodated with moral principles, <b>improvable</b> by the exercise of his faculties.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have a fine spread of <b>improvable</b> lands.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being used to advantage; profitable; serviceable; advantageous.</def>

<blockquote>The essays of weaker heads afford <b>improvable</b> hints to better.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Im*pro"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Im*prov"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Improve</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*prove"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>prove</ets>: cf. L. <ets>improbare</ets>, F. <ets>improuver</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To disprove or make void; to refute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Neither can any of them make so strong a reason which another can not <b>improve</b>.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To disapprove; to find fault with; to reprove; to censure; <as>as, to <ex>improve</ex> negligence</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<blockquote>When he rehearsed his preachings and his doing unto the high apostles, they could <b>improve</b> nothing.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Improve</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*prove"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Improved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Improving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>prove</ets>, in <ets>approve.</ets>  See <er>Approve</er>, <er>Prove.</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make better; to increase the value or good qualities of; to ameliorate by care or cultivation; <as>as, to <ex>improve</ex> land</as>.</def>

<i>Donne.</i>

<blockquote>I love not to <b>improve</b> the honor of the living by impairing that of the dead.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To use or employ to good purpose; to make productive; to turn to profitable account; to utilize; <as>as, to <ex>improve</ex> one's time; to <ex>improve</ex> his means.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>We shall especially honor God by <b>improving</b> diligently the talents which God hath committed to us.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A hint that I do not remember to have seen opened and <b>improved</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The court seldom fails to <b>improve</b> the oppotunity.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How doth the little busy bee
<b>Improve</b> each shining hour.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those moments were diligently improved.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>True policy, as well as good faith, in my opinion, binds us to <b>improve</b> the occasion.
<i>Washington.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To advance or increase by use; to augment or add to; -- said with reference to what is bad.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>We all have, I fear, . . . not a little <b>improved</b> the wretched inheritance of our ancestors.
<i>Bp. Porteus.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To better; meliorate; ameliorate; advance; heighten; mend; correct; recify; amend; reform.</syn>

<h1>Improve</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*prove"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grow better; to advance or make progress in what is desirable; to make or show improvement; <as>as, to <ex>improve</ex> in health</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We take care to <b>improve</b> in our frugality and diligence.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To advance or progress in bad qualities; to grow worse.</def> "Domitain <i>improved</i> in cruelty."

<i>Milner.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To increase; to be enhanced; to rise in value; <as>as, the price of cotton <ex>improves</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To improve on</col> &or; <col>upon</col></mcol>, <cd>to make useful additions or amendments to, or changes in; to bring nearer to perfection; <as>as, <ex>to improve on<ex> the mode of tillage</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Improvement</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*prove"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of improving; advancement or growth; promotion in desirable qualities; progress toward what is better; melioration; <as>as, the <ex>improvement</ex> of the mind, of land, roads, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>I look upon your city as the best place of <b>improvement</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Exercise is the chief source of <b>improvement</b> in all our faculties.
<i>Blair.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of making profitable use or applicaton of anything, or the state of being profitably employed; a turning to good account; practical application, as of a doctrine, principle, or theory, stated in a discourse.</def> "A good <i>improvement</i> of his reason."

<i>S. Clarke.</i>

<blockquote>I shall make some <b>improvement</b> of this doctrine.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of being improved; betterment; advance; also, that which is improved; <as>as, the new edition is an <ex>improvement</ex> on the old</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The parts of Sinon, Camilla, and some few others, are <b>improvements</b> on the Greek poet.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Increase; growth; progress; advance.</def>

<blockquote>There is a design of publishing the history of architecture, with its several <b>improvements</b> and decays.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those vices which more particularly receive <b>improvement</b> by prosperity.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Valuable additions or betterments, as buildings, clearings, drains, fences, etc., on premises.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Patent Laws)</fld> <def>A useful addition to, or modification of, a machine, manufacture, or composition.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Improver</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*prov"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, improves.</def>

<h1>Improvided</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im`pro*vid"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unforeseen; unexpected; not provided against; unprepared.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All <b>improvided</b> for dread of death.
<i>E. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Improvidence</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*prov"i*dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>improvidentia</ets>; OF. <ets>improvidence</ets>. Cf. <er>Imprudence</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being improvident; want of foresight or thrift.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>improvidence</b> of my neighbor must not make me inhuman.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Improvident</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*prov"i*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>provident</ets>: cf. L. <ets>improvidus</ets>. See <er>Provident</er>, and cf. <er>Imprudent</er>.]</ety> <def>Not provident; wanting foresight or forethought; not foreseeing or providing for the future; negligent; thoughtless; <as>as, an <ex>improvident</ex> man</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Improvident</b> soldires! had your watch been good,
This sudden mischief never could have fallen.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Inconsiderable; negligent; careless; shiftless; prodigal; wasteful.</syn>

<h1>Improvidentially</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*prov`i*den"tial*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Improvidently.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Improvidently</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*prov"i*dent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a improvident manner.</def> "<i>Improvidently</i> rash."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Improving</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*prov"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to improve, beneficial; growing better.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Im*prov"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Improving lease</col> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>, <cd>an extend lease to induce the tenant to make improvements on the premises.</cd></cs>

<h1>Improvisate</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*prov"i*sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Improvise</er>.]</ety> <def>Unpremeditated; impromptu; extempore.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Improvisate</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*prov"i*sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Improvisated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Improvisating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To improvise; to extemporize.</def>

<h1>Improvisation</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*prov`i*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>improvisation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or art of composing and rendering music, poetry, and the like, extemporaneously; <as>as, <ex>improvisation</ex> on the organ</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is improvised; an impromptu.</def>

<h1>Improvisatize</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im`pro*vis"a*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Improvisate</er>.</def>

<h1>Improvisator</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*prov"i*sa`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An improviser, or improvvisatore.</def>

<h1>Improvisatore</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im`pro*vi`sa*to"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Improvvisatore</er>.</def>

<h1>Improvisatorial, Improvisatory</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw><hw>Im*prov`i*sa*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Im*prov"i*sa*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to improvisation or extemporaneous composition.</def>

<h1>Improvisatrice</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im`pro*vi`sa*tri"ce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Improvvisatrice</er>.</def>

<h1>Improvise</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im`pro*vise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Improvised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Improvising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>improviser</ets>, it. <ets>improvvisare</ets>, fr. <ets>improvviso</ets> unprovided, sudden, extempore, L. <ets>improvisus</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>provisus</ets> foreseen, provided. See <er>Proviso</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To compose, recite, or sing extemporaneously, especially in verse; to extemporize; also, to play upon an instrument, or to act, extemporaneously.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring about, arrange, or make, on a sudden, or without previous preparation.</def>

<blockquote>Charles attempted to <b>improvise</b> a peace.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To invent, or provide, offhand, or on the spur of the moment; <as>as, he <ex>improvised</ex> a hammer out of a stone</as>.</def>

<h1>Improvise</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im`pro*vise"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To produce or render extemporaneous compositions, especially in verse or in music, without previous preparation; hence, to do anything offhand.</def>

<h1>Improviser</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im`pro*vis"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who improvises.</def>

<h1>Improvision</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im`pro*vi"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>provision</ets>.]</ety> <def>Improvidence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Improviso</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im`pro*vi"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>improvisus</ets> unforeseen; cf. It. <ets>improvviso</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not prepared or mediated beforehand; extemporaneous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jonhson.</i>

<h1>Improvvisatore</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im`prov*vi`sa*to"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Improvvisatori</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It. See <er>Improvise</er>.]</ety> <def>One who composes and sings or recites rhymes and short poems extemporaneously.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>improvisatore</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Improvvisatrice</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im`prov*vi`sa*tri"ce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Improvvisatrici</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It. See <er>Improvise</er>.]</ety> <def>A female improvvisatore.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>improvisatrice</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Imprudence</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*pru"dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imprudentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imprudence</ets>. Cf. <er>Improvidence</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being imprudent; want to caution, circumspection, or a due regard to consequences; indiscretion; inconsideration; reshness; also, an imprudent act; <as>as, he was guilty of an <ex>imprudence</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>His serenity was interrupted, perhaps, by his own <b>imprudence</b>.
<i>Mickle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imprudent</h1>
<Xpage=739>

<hw>Im*pru"dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imprudens</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>prudens</ets> prudent: cf. F. <ets>imprudent</ets>. See <er>Prudent</er>, and cf. <er>Improvident</er>.]</ety> <def>Not prudent; wanting in prudence or discretion; indiscreet; injudicious; not attentive to consequence; improper.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Im*pru"dent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Her majesty took a great dislike at the <b>imprudent</b> behavior of many of the ministers and readers.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="740">
Page 740<p>

<syn>Syn. -- Indiscreet; injudicious; incautious; ill-advised; unwise; heedless; careless; rash; negligent.</syn>

<h1>Impuberal</h1>
<Xpage=740>

<hw>Im*pu"ber*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not having arrived at puberty; immature.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>impuberal</b> animals the cerebellum is, in proportion to the brain proper, greatly less than in adults.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impuberty</h1>
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<hw>Im*pu"ber*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of not having reached puberty, or the age of ability to reproduce one's species; want of age at which the marriage contract can be legally entered into.</def>

<h1>Impudence</h1>
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<hw>Im"pu*dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impudentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>impudence</ets>. See <er>Impudent</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being impudent; assurance, accompanied with a disregard of the presence or opinions of others; shamelessness; forwardness; want of modesty.</def>

<blockquote>Clear truths that their own evidence forces us to admit, or common experience makes it <b>impudence</b> to deny.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where pride and <b>impudence</b> (in fashion knit)
Usurp the chair of wit.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Shamelessness; audacity; insolence; effrontery; sauciness; impertinence; pertness; rudeness.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Impudence</er>, <er>Effrontery</er>, <er>Sauciness</er>. <i>Impudence</i> refers more especially to the feelings as manifested in action. <i>Effrontery</i> applies to some gross and public exhibition of shamelessness. <i>Sauciness</i> refers to a sudden pert outbreak of impudence, especially from an inferior. <i>Impudence</i> is an unblushing kind of impertinence, and may be manifested in words, tones, gestures, looks, etc. <i>Effrontery</i> rises still higher, and shows a total or shameless disregard of duty or decorum under the circumstances of the case. <i>Sauciness</i> discovers itself toward particular individuals, in certain relations; as in the case of servants who are saucy to their masters, or children who are saucy to their teachers. See <er>Impertinent</er>, and <er>Insolent</er>.</usage>

<h1>Impudency</h1>
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<hw>Im"pu*den*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Impudence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<blockquote>Audacious without <b>impudency</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impudent</h1>
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<hw>Im"pu*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impudens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>pudens</ets> ashamed, modest, p. pr. of <ets>pudere</ets> to feel shame: cf. F. <ets>impudent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bold, with contempt or disregard; unblushingly forward; impertinent; wanting modesty; shameless; saucy.</def>

<blockquote>More than <b>impudent</b> sauciness.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When we behold an angel, not to fear
Is to be <b>impudent</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Shameless; audacious; brazen; bold-faced; pert; immodest; rude; saucy; impertinent; insolent.</syn>

<h1>Impudently</h1>
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<hw>Im"pu*dent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an impudent manner; with unbecoming assurance; shamelessly.</def>

<blockquote>At once assail
With open mouths, and <b>impudently</b> rail.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impudicity</h1>
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<hw>Im`pu*dic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impudicus</ets> immodest; <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>pudicus</ets> shamefaced, modest: cf. F. <ets>impudicit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>impudicitia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Immodesty.</def>

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<h1>Impugn</h1>
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<hw>Im*pugn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impugned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impugning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>impugnen</ets>, F. <ets>impugner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>impugnare</ets>; <ets>in</ets> on, against + <ets>pugnare</ets> to flight. See <er>Pugnacious</er>.]</ety> <def>To attack by words or arguments; to contradict; to assail; to call in question; to make insinuations against; to gainsay; to oppose.</def>

<blockquote>The truth hereof I will net rashly <b>pugn</b>, or overboldly affirm.
<i>Peacham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impugnable</h1>
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<hw>Im*pugn"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being impugned; that may be gainsaid.</def>

<h1>Impugnation</h1>
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<hw>Im`pug*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impugnatio</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>impugnation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of impugning; opposition; attack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A perpetual <b>impugnation</b> and self-conflict.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impugner</h1>
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<hw>Im*pugn"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who impugns.</def>

<h1>Impugnment</h1>
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<hw>Im*pugn"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of impugning, or the state of being impugned.</def>

<i>Ed. Rev.</i>

<h1>Impuissance</h1>
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<hw>Im*pu"is*sance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>impuissance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lack of power; inability.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Their own <b>impuissance</b> and weakness.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impuissant</h1>
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<hw>Im*pu"is*sant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. pref. <ets>im-</ets> not +  <ets>puissant</ets>. See <er>Puissant</er>.]</ety> <def>Weak; impotent; feeble.</def>

<h1>Impulse</h1>
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<hw>Im"pulse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impulsus</ets>, fr. <ets>impellere</ets>. See <er>Impel</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of impelling, or driving onward with sudden force; impulsion; especially, force so communicated as to produced motion suddenly, or immediately.</def>

<blockquote>All spontaneous animal motion is performed by mechanical <b>impulse</b>.
<i>S. Clarke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The effect of an impelling force; motion produced by a sudden or momentary force.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The action of a force during a very small interval of time; the effect of such action; <as>as, the <ex>impulse</ex> of a sudden blow upon a hard elastic body</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A mental force which simply and directly urges to action; hasty inclination; sudden motive; momentary or transient influence of appetite or passion; propension; incitement; <as>as, a man of good <ex>impulses</ex>; passion often gives a violent <ex>impulse</ex> to the will.</as></def>

<blockquote>These were my natural <b>impulses</b> for the undertaking.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Force; incentive; influence; motive; feeling; incitement; instigation.</syn>

<h1>Impulse</h1>
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<hw>Im*pulse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Impel</er>.]</ety> <def>To impel; to incite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Impulsion</h1>
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<hw>Im*pul"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impulsio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>impulsion</ets>. See <er>Impel</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of impelling or driving onward, or the state of being impelled; the sudden or momentary agency of a body in motion on another body; also, the impelling force, or impulse.</def> "The <i>impulsion</i> of the air."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Influence acting unexpectedly or temporarily on the mind; sudden motive or influence; impulse.</def> "The <i>impulsion</i> of conscience." <i>Clarendon</i>. "Divine <i>impulsion</i> prompting."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Impulsive</h1>
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<hw>Im*pul"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>impulsif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the power of driving or impelling; giving an impulse; moving; impellent.</def>

<blockquote>Poor men! poor papers! We and they
Do some <b>impulsive</b> force obey.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Actuated by impulse or by transient feelings.</def>

<blockquote>My heart, <b>impulsive</b> and wayward.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Acting momentarily, or by impulse; not continuous; -- said of forces.</def>

<h1>Impulsive</h1>
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<hw>Im*pul"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which impels or gives an impulse; an impelling agent.</def>

<i>Sir W. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Impulsively</h1>
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<hw>Im*pul"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an impulsive manner.</def>

<h1>Impulsiveness</h1>
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<hw>Im*pul"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being impulsive.</def>

<h1>Impulsor</h1>
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<hw>Im*pul"sor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, impels; an inciter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Impunctate</h1>
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<hw>Im*punc"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not punctuate or dotted.</def>

<h1>Impunctual</h1>
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<hw>Im*punc"tu*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>punctual</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imponctuel</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not punctual.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Impunctuality</h1>
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<hw>Im*punc`tu*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Neglect of, or failure in, punctuality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>A. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Impune</h1>
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<hw>Im*pune"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impunis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unpunished.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Impunibly</h1>
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<hw>Im*pu"ni*bly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without punishment; with impunity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Ellis.</i>

<h1>Impunity</h1>
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<hw>Im*pu"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impunitas</ets>, fr. <ets>impunis</ets> without punishment; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>poena</ets> punishment: cf. F. <ets>impunit\'82</ets>. See <er>Pain</er>.]</ety> <def>Exemption or freedom from punishment, harm, or loss.</def>

<blockquote>Heaven, though slow to wrath,
Is ne<?/<?/<?/ with <b>impunity</b> defied.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>impunity</b> and also the recompense.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impuration</h1>
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<hw>Im`pu*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Defilement; obscuration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Impure</h1>
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<hw>Im*pure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>impurus</ets>; pref. <ets>im-</ets> not + <ets>purus</ets> pure: cf. F. <ets>impur</ets>. See <er>Pure</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not pure; not clean; dirty; foul; filthy; containing something which is unclean or unwholesome; mixed or impregnated extraneous substances; adulterated; <as>as, <ex>impure</ex> water or air; <ex>impure</ex> drugs, food, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Defiled by sin or guilt; unholy; unhallowed; -- said of persons or things.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Unchaste; lewd; unclean; obscene; <as>as, <ex>impure</ex> language or ideas</as>.</def> "<i>Impure</i> desires."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>Not purified according to the ceremonial law of Moses; unclean.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Language)</fld> <def>Not accurate; not idiomatic; <as>as, <ex>impure</ex> Latin; an <ex>impure</ex> style.</as></def>

<h1>Impure</h1>
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<hw>Im*pure"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To defile; to pollute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Impurely</h1>
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<hw>Im*pure"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an impure manner.</def>

<h1>Impureness</h1>
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<hw>Im*pure"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being impure; impurity.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Impurity</h1>
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<hw>Im*pu"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. Impurities <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>impuritas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>impuret\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition or quality of being impure in any sense; defilement; foulness; adulteration.</def>

<blockquote>Profaneness, <b>impurity</b>, or scandal, is not wit.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is, or which renders anything, impure; foul matter, action, language, etc.; a foreign ingredient.</def>

<blockquote>Foul <b>impurities</b> reigned among the monkish clergy.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>Want of ceremonial purity; defilement.</def>

<h1>Impurple</h1>
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<hw>Im*pur"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Impurpled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Impurpling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>purple</ets>. Cf. <er>Empurple</er>.]</ety> <def>To color or tinge with purple; to make red or reddish; to purple; <as>as, a field <ex>impurpled</ex> with blood</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Impurpled</b> with celestial roses, smiled.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The silken fleece <b>impurpled</b> for the loom.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inputability</h1>
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<hw>In*put`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being imputable; imputableness.</def>

<h1>Imputable</h1>
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<hw>Im*put"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>imputable</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That may be imputed; capable of being imputed; chargeable; ascribable; attributable; referable.</def>

<blockquote>A prince whose political vices, at least, were <b>imputable</b> to mental incapacity.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Accusable; culpable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The fault lies at his door, and she is no wise <b>imputable</b>.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Imputableness</h1>
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<hw>Im*put"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being imputable.</def>

<h1>Imputably</h1>
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<hw>Im*put"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By imputation.</def>

<h1>Imputation</h1>
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<hw>Im`pu*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[L. <ets>imputatio</ets> an account, a charge: cf. F. <ets>imputation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of imputing or charging; attribution; ascription; also, anything imputed or charged.</def>

<blockquote><b>Shylock</b>. Antonio is a good man.
<b>Bassanio</b>. Have you heard any <b>imputation</b> to the contrary?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If I had a suit to Master Shallow, I would humor his men with the <b>imputation</b> of being near their master.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Charge or attribution of evil; censure; reproach; insinuation.</def>

<blockquote>Let us be careful to guard ourselves against these groundless <b>imputation</b> of our enemies.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>A setting of something to the account of; the attribution of personal guilt or personal righteousness of another; <as>as, the <ex>imputation</ex> of the sin of Adam, or the righteousness of Christ</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Opinion; intimation; hint.</def>

<h1>Imputative</h1>
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<hw>Im*put"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>imputativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imputatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Transferred by imputation; that may be imputed.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Im*put"a*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Actual righteousness as well as <b>imputative</b>.
<i>Bp. Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Impute</h1>
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<hw>Im*pute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Imputed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Imputing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>imputer</ets>, L. <ets>imputare</ets> to bring into the reckoning, charge, impute; pref. <ets>im-</ets> in + <ets>putare</ets> to reckon, think. See <er>Putative</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To charge; to ascribe; to attribute; to set to the account of; to charge to one as the author, responsible originator, or possessor; -- generally in a bad sense.</def>

<blockquote>Nor you, ye proud, <b>impute</b> to these the fault,
If memory o'er their tomb no trophies raise.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>One vice of a darker shade was <b>imputed</b> to him -- envy.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>To adjudge as one's own (the sin or righteousness) of another; <as>as, the righteousness of Christ is <ex>imputed</ex> to us</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It was <b>imputed</b> to him for <b>righteousness</b>.
<i>Rom. iv. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They merit
<b>Imputed</b> shall absolve them who renounce
Their own, both righteous and unrighteous deeds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take account of; to consider; to regard.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>If we <b>impute</b> this last humiliation as the cause of his death.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To ascribe; attribute; charge; reckon; consider; imply; insinuate; refer. See <er>Ascribe</er>.</syn>

<h1>Imputer</h1>
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<hw>Im*put"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who imputes.</def>

<h1>Imputrescible</h1>
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<hw>Im`pu*tres"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>im-</ets> + <ets>putrescible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>imputrescible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not putrescible.</def>

<h1>Imrigh</h1>
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<hw>Im"righ</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot.; Gael. <ets><?/un-bhrigh</ets> chicken soup.]</ety> <def>A peculiar strong soup or broth, made in Scotland.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>imrich</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>In-</h1>
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<hw>In-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>In</er>, <tt>prep.</tt>  Cf. <er>Em-</er>, <er>En-</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix from Eng. prep. <i>in</i>, also from Lat. prep. <i>in</i>, meaning <i>in</i>, <i>into</i>, <i>on</i>, <i>among</i>; <as>as, <ex>in</ex>bred, <ex>in</ex>born, <ex>in</ex>road; <i>in</i>cline, <i>in</i>ject, <i>in</i>trude. In words from the Latin, <i>in-</i> regularly becomes <i>il-</i> before <i>l</i>, <i>ir-</i> before <i>r</i>, and <i>im-</i> before a labial; <as>as, <ex>il</ex>lusion, <ex>ir</ex>ruption, <ex>im</ex>blue, <ex>im</ex>migrate, <ex>im</ex>part</as>. <i>In-</i> is sometimes used with an simple intensive force.</def>

<h1>In-</h1>
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<hw>In-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>in</ets>-; akin to E. <ets>un</ets>-. See <er>Un-</er>.]</ety> <def>An inseparable prefix, or particle, meaning <i>not</i>, <i>non</i>-, <i>un-</i> as, <i>in</i>active, <i>in</i>capable, <i>in</i>apt. <i>In-</i> regularly becomes <i>il-</i> before <i>l</i>, <i>ir-</i> before <i>r</i>, and <i>im-</i> before a labial.</def>

<h1>-in</h1>
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<hw>-in</hw>. <def>A suffix. See the Note under <er>-ine</er>.</def>

<h1>In</h1>
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<hw>In</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>in</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>in</ets>, Icel. <ets>\'c6</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>i</ets>, OIr. & L. <ets>in</ets>, Gr. <?/. <?/<?/<?/<?/. Cf. 1st <er>In-</er>, <er>Inn</er>.]</ety> <def>The specific signification of <i>in</i> is situation or place with respect to surrounding, environment, encompassment, etc. It is used with verbs signifying being, resting, or moving within limits, or within circumstances or conditions of any kind conceived of as limiting, confining, or investing, either wholly or in part. In its different applications, it approaches some of the meanings of, and sometimes is interchangeable with, <i>within</i>, <i>into</i>, <i>on</i>, <i>at</i>, <i>of</i>, and <i>among</i>.</def> It is used: --

<p><b>1.</b> <def>With reference to space or place; <as>as, he lives <ex>in</ex> Boston; he traveled <ex>in</ex> Italy; castles <ex>in</ex> the air.</as></def>

<blockquote>The babe lying <b>in</b> a manger.
<i>Luke ii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thy sun sets weeping <b>in</b> the lowly west.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Situated <b>in</b> the forty-first degree of latitude.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Matter for censure <b>in</b> every page.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With reference to circumstances or conditions; <as>as, he is <ex>in</ex> difficulties; she stood <ex>in</ex> a blaze of light.</as></def> "Fettered <i>in</i> amorous chains."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Wrapt <b>in</b> sweet sounds, as <b>in</b> bright veils.
<i>Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>With reference to a whole which includes or comprises the part spoken of; <as>as, the first <ex>in</ex> his family; the first regiment <ex>in</ex> the army.</as></def>

<blockquote>Nine <b>in</b> ten of those who enter the ministry.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>With reference to physical surrounding, personal states, etc., abstractly denoted; <as>as, I am <ex>in</ex> doubt; the room is <ex>in</ex> darkness; to live <ex>in</ex> fear.</as></def>

<blockquote>When shall we three meet again,
<b>In</b> thunder, lightning, or <b>in</b> rain?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>With reference to character, reach, scope, or influence considered as establishing a limitation; <as>as, to be <ex>in</ex> one's favor</as>.</def> "<i>In</i> sight of God's high throne."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Sounds inharmonious <b>in</b> themselves, and harsh.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>With reference to movement or tendency toward a certain limit or environment; -- sometimes equivalent to <i>into</i>; <as>as, to put seed <ex>in</ex> the ground; to fall <ex>in</ex> love; to end <ex>in</ex> death; to put our trust <ex>in</ex> God.</as></def>

<blockquote>He would not plunge his brother <b>in</b> despair.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She had no jewels to deposit <b>in</b> their caskets.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>With reference to a limit of time; <as>as, <ex>in</ex> an hour; it happened <ex>in</ex> the last century; <ex>in</ex> all my life.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>In as much as</col>, &or; <col>Inasmuch as</col></mcol>, <cd>in the degree that; in like manner as; in consideration that; because that; since. See <er>Synonym</er> of <er>Because</er>, and cf. <cref>For as much as</cref>, under <er>For</er>, <tt>prep.</tt></cd> -- <col>In that</col>, <cd>because; for the reason that.</cd> "Some things they do <i>in that<i> they are men . . . ; some things <i>in that<i> they are men misled and blinded with error." <i>Hooker</i>. -- <col>In the name of</col>, <cd>in behalf of; on the part of; by authority; as, it was done <i>in the name of<i> the people; -- often used in invocation, swearing, praying, and the like.</cd> -- <col>To be in for it</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be in favor of a thing; to be committed to a course.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be unable to escape from a danger, penalty, etc.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To be</col> (&or; <col>keep</col>) <col>in with</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be close or near; <as>as, to <ex>keep<ex> a ship <ex>in with<ex> the land</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be on terms of friendship, familiarity, or intimacy with; to secure and retain the favor of.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Into; within; on; at. See <er>At</er>.</syn>

<h1>In</h1>
<Xpage=740>

<hw>In</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not out; within; inside. <i>In</i>, the preposition, becomes an adverb by omission of its object, leaving it as the representative of an adverbial phrase, the context indicating what the omitted object is; <as>as, he takes <ex>in</ex> the situation (<it>i. e</it></i>., he comprehends it <i>in</i> his mind); the Republicans were <i>in</i> (<it>i. e.</it>, <i>in</i> office); <i>in</i> at one ear and out at the other (<it>i. e.</it>, <i>in</i> or <i>into</i> the head); his side was <i>in</i> (<it>i. e.</it>, <i>in</i> the turn at the bat); he came <i>in</i> (<it>i. e.</it>, into the house).</def>

<blockquote>Their vacation . . . falls <b>in</b> so pat with ours.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The sails of a vessel are said, in nautical language, to be <i>in</i> when they are furled, or when stowed.

   In certain cases <i>in</i> has an adjectival sense; as, the <i>in</i> train (<it>i. e.</it>, the incoming train); compare <i>up</i> grade, <i>down</i> grade, <i>under</i>tow, <i>after</i>thought, etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>With privilege or possession; -- used to denote a holding, possession, or seisin; <as>as, <ex>in</ex> by descent; <ex>in</ex> by purchase; <ex>in</ex> of the seisin of her husband.</as></def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<cs><col>In and in breeding</col>. <cd>See under <er>Breeding</er>.</cd> -- <col>In and out</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>through and through; -- said of a through bolt in a ship's side.</cd> <i>Knight</i>. -- <col>To be in</col>, <cd>to be at home; <as>as, Mrs. A. <ex>is in<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>To come in</col>. <cd>See under <er>Come</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>In</h1>
<Xpage=740>

<hw>In</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <note>[Usually in the plural.]</note>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is in office; -- the opposite of <ant>out</ant>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A re\'89ntrant angle; a nook or corner.</def>

<cs><col>Ins and outs</col>, <cd>nooks and corners; twists and turns.</cd></cs><-- (b) (with "of") the peculiarities or technicalities (of a subject) -->

<blockquote>All the <b>ins and outs</b> of this neighborhood.
<i>D. Jerrold.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="741">
Page 741<p>

<h1>In</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inclose; to take in; to harvest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He that ears my land spares my team and gives me leave to <b>in</b> the crop.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inability</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>ability</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inhabilet\'82</ets>. See <er>Able</er>, and cf. <er>Unable</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being unable; lack of ability; want of sufficient power, strength, resources, or capacity.</def>

<blockquote>It is not from an <b>inability</b> to discover what they ought to do, that men err in practice.
<i>Blair.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Impotence; incapacity; incompetence; weakness; powerlessness; incapability. See <er>Disability</er>.</syn>

<h1>Inable</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*a"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Enable</er>.</def>

<h1>Inablement</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*a"ble*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Enablement</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inabstinence</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ab"sti*nence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>abstinence</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inabstinence</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of abstinence; indulgence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>inabstinence</i> of Eve."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Inabstracted</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ab*stract"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not abstracted.</def>

<h1>Inabusively</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`a*bu"sive*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without abuse.</def>

<h1>Inaccessibility</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ac*cess`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>inaccessibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being inaccessible; inaccessibleness.</def> "The <i>inaccessibility</i> of the precipice."

<i>Bp. Butler.</i>

<h1>Inaccessible</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ac*cess"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>inaccessibilis</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>inaccessible</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Accessible</er>.]</ety> <def>Not accessible; not to be reached, obtained, or approached; <as>as, an <ex>inaccessible</ex> rock, fortress, document, prince, etc.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`ac*cess"i*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In`ac*cess"i*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inaccordant</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ac*cord"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not accordant; discordant.</def>

<h1>Inaccuracy</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ac"cu*ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Inaccuracies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being inaccurate; want of accuracy or exactness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is inaccurate or incorrect; mistake; fault; defect; error; <as>as, in <ex>inaccuracy</ex> in speech, copying, calculation, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Inaccurate</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ac"cu*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not accurate; not according to truth; inexact; incorrect; erroneous; <as>as, in <ex>inaccurate</ex> man, narration, copy, judgment, calculation, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>The expression is plainly <b>inaccurate</b>.
<i>Bp. Hurd.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Inexact; incorrect; erroneous; faulty; imperfect; incomplete; defective.</syn>

<h1>Inaccurately</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ac"cu*rate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inaccurate manner; incorrectly; inexactly.</def>

<h1>Inacquaintance</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ac*quaint"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Want of acquaintance.</def>

<i>Good.</i>

<h1>Inacquiescent</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ac`qui*es"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not acquiescent or acquiescing.</def>

<h1>Inaction</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in</ets>. not + <ets>action</ets>: cf. <ets>inaction</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of action or activity; forbearance from labor; idleness; rest; inertness.</def>

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<h1>Inactive</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ac"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>active</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inactif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not active; having no power to move; that does not or can not produce results; inert; <as>as, matter is, of itself, <ex>inactive</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not disposed to action or effort; not diligent or industrious; not busy; idle; <as>as, an <ex>inactive</ex> officer</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem. & Opt.)</fld> <def>Not active; inert; esp., not exhibiting any action or activity on polarized light; optically neutral; -- said of isomeric forms of certain substances, in distinction from other forms which are optically active; <as>as, racemic acid is an <ex>inactive</ex> tartaric acid</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Inert; dull; sluggish; idle; indolent; slothful; lazy. See <er>Inert</er>.</syn>

<h1>Inactively</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ac"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inactive manner.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Inactivity</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ac*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inactivit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being inactive; inertness; <as>as, the <ex>inactivity</ex> of matter</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Idleness; habitual indisposition to action or exertion; want of energy; sluggishness.</def>

<blockquote>The gloomy <b>inactivity</b> of despair.
<i>Cook.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inactose</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ac"tose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A variety of sugar, found in certain plants. It is optically <i>inactive</i>.</def>

<h1>Inactuate</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ac"tu*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put in action.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inactuation</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ac`tu*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Operation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inadaptation</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ad`ap*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of adaptation; unsuitableness.</def>

<h1>Inadequacy</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ad"e*qua*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Inadequate</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being inadequate or insufficient; defectiveness; insufficiency; inadequateness.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>inadequacy</b> and consequent inefficacy of the alleged causes.
<i>Dr. T. Dwight.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inadequate</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ad"e*quate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>adequate</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inad\'82quat</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not adequate; unequal to the purpose; insufficient; deficient; <as>as, <ex>inadequate</ex> resources, power, conceptions, representations, etc.</as></def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*ad"e*quate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In*ad"e*quate*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inadequation</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ad`e*qua"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of exact correspondence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Puller.</i>

<h1>Inadherent</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ad*her"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not adhering.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Free; not connected with the other organs.</def>

<h1>Inadhesion</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ad*he"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of adhesion.</def>

<h1>Inadmissibility</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ad*mis`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inadmissibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being inadmissible, or not to be received.</def>

<h1>Inadmissible</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ad*mis"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>admissible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inadmissible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not admissible; not proper to be admitted, allowed, or received; <as>as, <ex>inadmissible</ex> testimony; an <ex>inadmissible</ex> proposition, or explanation.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`ad*mis"si*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inadvertence; <plu>pl. <plw>-ces</plw> </</plu>, Inadvertency</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw><hw>In`ad*vert"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ces</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>, <hw>In`ad*vert"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-cies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inadvertance</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being inadvertent; lack of heedfulness or attentiveness; inattention; negligence; <as>as, many mistakes proceed from <ex>inadvertence</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Inadvertency</b>, or want of attendance to the sense and intention of our prayers.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An effect of inattention; a result of carelessness; an oversight, mistake, or fault from negligence.</def>

<blockquote>The productions of a great genius, with many lapses an <b>inadvertencies</b>, are infinitely preferable to works of an inferior kind of author which are scrupulously exact.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Inattention; heedlessness; carelessness; negligence; thoughtlessness. See <er>Inattention</er>.</syn>

<h1>Inadvertent</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ad*vert"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inadvertant</ets>. See 2d <er>In-</er>, and <er>Advert</er>.]</ety> <def>Not turning the mind to a matter; heedless; careless; negligent; inattentive.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>inadvertent</b> step may crush the snail
That crawls at evening in the public path.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`ad*vert"ent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inadvisable</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ad*vis"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not advisable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`ad*vis"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inaffability</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*af`fa*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inaffabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of affability or sociability; reticence.</def>

<h1>Inaffable</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*af"fa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>affable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not affable; reserved in social intercourse.</def>

<h1>Inaffectation</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*af`fec*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>affectation</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inaffectation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Freedom from affectation; naturalness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Inaffected</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`af*fect"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unaffected.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>In`af*fect"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Inaidable</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*aid"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being assisted; helpless.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Inalienability</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*al`ien*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being inalienable.</def>

<h1>Inalienable</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*al"ien*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not +  <ets>alienable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inali\'82nable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or transferred to another; not alienable; <as>as, in <ex>inalienable</ex> birthright</as>.</def>

<h1>Inalienableness</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*al"ien*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being inalienable; inalienability.</def>

<h1>Inalienably</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*al"ien*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner that forbids alienation; <as>as, rights <ex>inalienably</ex> vested</as>.</def>

<h1>Inalimental</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*al`i*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affording no aliment or nourishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Inalterability</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*al`ter*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inalt\'82rabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being unalterable or unchangeable; permanence.</def>

<h1>Inalterable</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*al"ter*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>alterable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inalt\'82rable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not alterable; incapable of being altered or changed; unalterable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In*al"ter*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In*al"ter*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inamiable</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*a"mi*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unamiable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>In*a"mi*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Inamissible</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`a*mis"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inamissibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inamissible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being lost.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Hammond</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In`a*mis"si*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Inamorata</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*a`mo*ra"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>innamorata</ets>, fem., <ets>innamorato</ets>, masc., p. p. of <ets>innamorare</ets> to inspire with love. See <er>Enamor</er>.]</ety> <def>A woman in love; a mistress.</def> "The fair <i>inamorata</i>."

<i>Sherburne.</i>

<h1>Inamorate</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*am"o*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Enamored.</def> <i>Chapman</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In*am"o*rate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Inamorato</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*a`mo*ra"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Inamoratos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Inamorata</er>.]</ety> <def>A male lover.</def>

<h1>Inamovable</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`a*mov"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not amovable or removable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Palgrave.</i>

<h1>In-and-in</h1>
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<hw>In"-and-in"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An old game played with four dice. <i>In</i> signified a doublet, or two dice alike; <i>in-and-in</i>, either two doubles, or the four dice alike.</def>

<h1>In and an</h1>
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<hw>In and an</hw>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Applied to breeding from a male and female of the same parentage. See under <er>Breeding</er>.</def>

<h1>Inane</h1>
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<hw>In*ane"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inanis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Without contents; empty; void of sense or intelligence; purposeless; pointless; characterless; useless.</def> "Vague and <i>inane</i> instincts." <i>I. Taylor</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In*ane"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inane</h1>
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<hw>In*ane"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is void or empty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The undistinguishable <b>inane</b> of infinite space.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inangular</h1>
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<hw>In*an"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not angular.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inaniloquent, Inaniloquous</h1>
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<hw><hw>In`a*nil"o*quent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`a*nil"o*quous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inanis</ets> empty + <ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>Given to talking inanely; loquacious; garrulous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Inanimate</h1>
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<hw>In*an"i*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in (or intensively) + <ets>animate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To animate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Inanimate</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*an"i*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inanimatus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>animatus</ets> animate.]</ety> <def>Not animate; destitute of life or spirit; lifeless; dead; inactive; dull; <as>as, stones and earth are <ex>inanimate</ex> substances</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Grieving, if aught <b>inanimate</b> e'er grieves.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Lifeless; dead; inert; inactive; dull; soulless; spiritless. See <er>Lifeless</er>.</syn>

<h1>Inanimated</h1>
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<hw>In*an"i*ma`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of life; lacking animation; unanimated.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Inanimateness</h1>
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<hw>In*an"i*mate*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being inanimate.</def>

<blockquote>The deadness and <b>inanimateness</b> of the subject.
<i>W. Montagu.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inanimation</h1>
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<hw>In*an`i*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Inanimate</er>.]</ety> <def>Want of animation; lifeless; dullness.</def>

<h1>Inanimation</h1>
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<hw>In*an`i*ma"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Inanimate</er>.]</ety> <def>Infusion of life or vigor; animation; inspiration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>inanimation</b> of Christ living and breathing within us.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inanitiate</h1>
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<hw>In`a*ni"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To produce inanition in; to exhaust for want of nourishment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Inanitiation</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`a*ni`ti*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inanition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Inanition</h1>
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<hw>In`a*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>inanition</ets>, L. <ets>inanitio</ets> emptiness, fr. <ets>inanire</ets> to empty, fr. <ets>inanis</ets> empty. Cf. <er>Inane</er>.]</ety> <def>The condition of being inane; emptiness; want of fullness, as in the vessels of the body; hence, specifically, exhaustion from want of food, either from partial or complete starvation, or from a disorder of the digestive apparatus, producing the same result.</def>

<blockquote>Feeble from <b>inanition</b>, inert from weariness.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Repletion and <b>inanition</b> may both do harm in two contrary extremes.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inanity</h1>
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<hw>In*an"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Inanities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>inanitas</ets>, fr. <ets>inanis</ets> empty: cf. F. <ets>inanit\'82</ets>. See <er>Inane</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Inanition; void space; vacuity; emptiness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Want of seriousness; aimlessness; frivolity.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An inane, useless thing or pursuit; a vanity; a silly object; -- chiefly in <pluf>pl.</pluf>; <as>as, the <ex>inanities</ex> of the world</as>.</def>

<h1>Inantherate</h1>
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<hw>In*an"ther*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Not bearing anthers; -- said of sterile stamens.</def>

<h1>In antis</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In an"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Between ant\'91; -- said of a portico in classical style, where columns are set between two ant\'91, forming the angles of the building. See <er>Anta</er>.</def>

<h1>Inapathy</h1>
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<hw>In*ap"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sensibility; feeling; -- opposed to <i>apathy</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Inappealable</h1>
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<hw>In`ap*peal"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not admitting of appeal; not appealable.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Inappeasable</h1>
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<hw>In`ap*peas"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being appeased or satisfied; unappeasable.</def>

<h1>Inappellability</h1>
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<hw>In`ap*pel`la*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being inappellable; finality.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>inappellability</b> of the councils.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inappellable</h1>
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<hw>In`ap*pel"la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inappealable; final.</def>

<h1>Inappetence, Inappetency</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw><hw>In*ap"pe*tence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*ap"pe*ten*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>appetence</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inapp\'82tence</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of appetency; want of desire.</def>

<h1>Inapplicability</h1>
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<hw>In*ap`pli*ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inapplicabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being inapplicable; unfitness; inapplicableness.</def>

<h1>Inapplicable</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ap"pli*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>applicable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not applicable; incapable of being applied; not adapted; not suitable; <as>as, the argument is <ex>inapplicable</ex> to the case</as>.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Unsuitable; unsuited; unadapted; inappropriate; inapposite; irrelevant.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*ap"pli*ca*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In*ap"pli*ca*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inapplication</h1>
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<hw>In*ap`pli*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>application</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inapplication</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of application, attention, or diligence; negligence; indolence.</def>

<h1>Inapposite</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ap"po*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not apposite; not fit or suitable; not pertinent.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In*ap"po*site*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inappreciable</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ap*pre"ci*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>appreciable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inappr\'82ciable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not appreciable; too small to be perceived; incapable of being duly valued or estimated.</def>

<i>Hallam.</i>

<h1>Inappreciation</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ap*pre"ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of appreciation.</def>

<h1>Inapprehensible</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ap`pre*hen"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inapprehensibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inappr\'82hensible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not apprehensible; unintelligible; inconceivable.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Inapprehension</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ap`pre*hen"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of apprehension.</def>

<h1>Inapprehensive</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ap`pre*hen"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not apprehensive; regardless; unconcerned.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Inapproachable</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ap*proach"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not approachable; unapproachable; inaccessible; unequaled.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`ap*proach"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inappropriate</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ap*pro"pri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not instrument (<i>to</i>); not appropriate; unbecoming; unsuitable; not specially fitted; -- followed by <i>to</i> or <i>for</i>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`ap*pro"pri*ate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In`ap*pro"pri*ate*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inapt</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*apt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>apt</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inapte</ets>. Cf. <er>Inept</er>.]</ety> <def>Unapt; not apt; unsuitable; inept.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In*apt"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In*apt"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inaptitude</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*apt"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<tt>In-</ets> + <ets>aptitude: cf. F. inaptitude. Cf.</tt> <er>In<?/ptitude</er>.]</ety> <def>Want of aptitude.</def>

<h1>Inaquate</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*a"quate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inaquatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inaquare</ets> to make into water; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>aqua</ets> water.]</ety> <def>Embodied in, or changed into, water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cranmer.</i>

<h1>Inaquation</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`a*qua"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being inaquate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Gardiner.</i>

<h1>Inarable</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ar"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not arable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Inarch</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*arch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inarched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inarching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To graft by uniting, as a scion, to a stock, without separating either from its root before the union is complete; -- also called to <altname>graft by approach</altname>.</def>

<i>P. Miler.</i>

<h1>Inarching</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*arch"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A method of ingrafting. See <er>Inarch</er>.</def>

<h1>Inarticulate</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ar*tic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inarticulatus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>articulatus</ets> articulate.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not uttered with articulation or intelligible distinctness, as speech or words.</def>

<blockquote>Music which is <b>inarticulate</b> poesy.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Not jointed or articulated; having no distinct body segments; <as>as, an <ex>inarticulate</ex> worm</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Without a hinge; -- said of an order (<spn>Inarticulata</spn> or <spn>Ecardines</spn>) of brachiopods.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Incapable of articulating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The poor earl, who is <b>inarticulate</b> with palsy.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<-- 4. incapable of expressing one's ideas or feelings clearly. -->

<h1>Inarticulated</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ar*tic"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not articulated; not jointed or connected by a joint.</def>

<h1>Inarticulately</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ar*tic"u*late*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inarticulate manner.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Inarticulateness</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ar*tic"u*late*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being inarticulate.</def>

<h1>Inarticulation</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`ar*tic`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inarticulation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Inarticulateness.</def>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Inartificial</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In*ar`ti*fi"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>artificial</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inartificiel</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not artificial; not made or elaborated by art; natural; simple; artless; <as>as, an <ex>inartificial</ex> argument; an <ex>inartificial</ex> character.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>In*ar`ti*fi"cial*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In*ar`ti*fi"cial*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inasmuch</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`as*much"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>In</ets> + <ets>as</ets> + <ets>much</ets>.]</ety> <def>In like degree; in like manner; seeing that; considering that; since; -- followed by <i>as</i>. See <cref>In as much as</cref>, under <er>In</er>, <tt>prep.</tt></def>

<blockquote><b>Inasmuch</b> as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me.
<i>Matt. xxv. 45.</qsyn

<syn>Syn. -- Because; since; for; as. See <er>Because</er>.</def>

<h1>Inattention</h1>
<Xpage=741>

<hw>In`at*ten"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>attention</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inattention</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of attention, or failure to pay attention; disregard; heedlessness; neglect.</def>

<blockquote>Novel lays attract our ravished ears;
But old, the mind <b>inattention</b> hears.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Inadvertence; heedlessness; negligence; carelessness; disregard; remissness; thoughtlessness; neglect. -- <er>Inattention</er>, <er>Inadvertence</er>. We miss seeing a thing through <i>inadvertence</i> when <i>do not happen to look at</i> it; through <i>inattention</i> when we <i>give no heed to</i> it, though directly before us. The latter is therefore the worse. <i>Inadvertence</i> may be an involuntary accident; <i>inattention</i> is culpable neglect. A versatile mind is often <i>inadvertent</i>; a careless or stupid one is <i>inattentive</i>.</syn>

<hr>
<page="742">
Page 742<p>

<h1>Inattentive</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In`at*ten"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inattentif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not attentive; not fixing the mind on an object; heedless; careless; negligent; regardless; <as>as, an <ex>inattentive</ex> spectator or hearer; an <ex>inattentive</ex> habit.</as></def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Careless; heedless; regardless; thoughtless; negligent; remiss; inadvertent.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`at*ten"tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In`at*ten"tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inaudibility</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*au`di*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being inaudible; inaudibleness.</def>

<h1>Inaudible</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*au"di*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inaudibilis</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>audire</ets> to hear: cf. F. <ets>unaudible</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Audible</er>.]</ety> <def>Not audible; incapable of being heard; silent.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In*au"di*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In*au"di*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inaugur</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*au"gur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inaugurer</ets>. See <er>Inaugurate</er>.]</ety> <def>To inaugurate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Inaugural</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*au"gu*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inaugural</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or performed or pronounced at, an inauguration; <as>as, an <ex>inaugural</ex> address; the <ex>inaugural</ex> exercises.</as></def>

<h1>Inaugural</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*au"gu*ral</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inaugural address.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Inaugurate</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*au"gu*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inauguratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inaugurare</ets> to take omens from the flight of birds (before entering upon any important undertaking); hence, to consecrate, inaugurate, or install, with such divination; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>augurare</ets>, <ets>augurari</ets>, to augur. See <er>Augur</er>.]</ety> <def>Invested with office; inaugurated.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Inaugurate</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*au"gu*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inaugurated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inaugurating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To introduce or induct into an office with suitable ceremonies or solemnities; to invest with power or authority in a formal manner; to install; <as>as, to <ex>inaugurate</ex> a president; to <ex>inaugurate</ex> a king.</as></def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to begin, esp. with formality or solemn ceremony; hence, to set in motion, action, or progress; to initiate; -- used especially of something of dignity or worth or public concern; <as>as, to <ex>inaugurate</ex> a new era of things, new methods, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>As if kings did closes remarkable days to <b>inaugurate</b> their favors.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To celebrate the completion of, or the first public use of; to dedicate, as a statue.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To begin with good omens.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Inauguration</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*au`gu*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inauguratio</ets> a beginning: cf. F. <ets>inauguration</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inuagurating, or inducting into office with solemnity; investiture by appropriate ceremonies.</def>

<blockquote>At his regal <b>inauguration</b>, his old father resigned the kingdom to him.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The formal beginning or initiation of any movement, course of action, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>inauguration</ex> of a new system, a new condition, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Inaugurator</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*au"gu*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who inaugurates.</def>

<h1>Inauguratory</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*au"gu*ra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suitable for, or pertaining to, inauguration.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Inaurate</h1>
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<hw>In*au"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inauratus</ets>, p. p. <ets>inaurare</ets> to gild; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>aurum</ets> gold.]</ety> <def>Covered with gold; gilded.</def>

<h1>Inaurate</h1>
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<hw>In*au"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with gold; to gild.</def>

<h1>Inauration</h1>
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<hw>In`au*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inauration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of gilding or covering with gold.</def>

<h1>Inauspicate</h1>
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<hw>In*aus"pi*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inauspicatus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>auspicatus</ets>, p. p. <ets>auspicari</ets>. See <er>Auspicate</er>.]</ety> <def>Inauspicious</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir G. Buck.</i>

<h1>Inauspicious</h1>
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<hw>In`aus*pi"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not auspicious; ill-omened; unfortunate; unlucky; unfavorable.</def> "<i>Inauspicious</i> stars." <i>Shak</i>. "<i>Inauspicious</i> love."

<i>Dryden.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`aus*pi"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In`aus*pi"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inauthoritative</h1>
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<hw>In`au*thor"i*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without authority; not authoritative.</def>

<h1>Inbarge</h1>
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<hw>In"barge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To embark; to go or put into a barge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Inbeaming</h1>
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<hw>In"beam`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Shining in.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Inbeing</h1>
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<hw>In"be`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inherence; inherent existence.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<h1>Inbind</h1>
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<hw>In*bind"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inclose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Inblown</h1>
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<hw>In"blown`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Blown in or into.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inboard</h1>
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<hw>In"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Inside the line of a vessel's bulwarks or hull; the opposite of <i>outboard</i>; <as>as, an <ex>inboard</ex> cargo; haul the boom <ex>inboard</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>From without inward; toward the inside; <as>as, the <ex>inboard</ex> stroke of a steam engine piston, the inward or return stroke</as>.</def>

<h1>Inborn</h1>
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<hw>In"born`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Born in or with; implanted by nature; innate; <as>as, <ex>inborn</ex> passions</as>.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Innate; inherent; natural.</syn>

<h1>Inbreak, Inbreaking</h1>
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<hw><hw>In"break`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In"break`ing</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A breaking in; inroad; invasion.</def>

<h1>Inbreathe</h1>
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<hw>In*breathe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inbreathed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inbreathing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To infuse by breathing; to inspire.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Inbred</h1>
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<hw>In"bred`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bred within; innate; <as>as, <ex>inbred</ex> worth</as>.</def> "<i>Inbred</i> sentiments."

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Inbreed</h1>
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<hw>In*breed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inbred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inbreeding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Imbreed</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To produce or generate within.</def>

<i>Bp. Reynolds.</i>

<blockquote>To <b>inbreed</b> and cherish . . . the seeds of virtue.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To breed in and in. See under <er>Breed</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<h1>Inburning</h1>
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<hw>In"burn`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Burning within.</def>

<blockquote>Her <b>inburning</b> wrath she gan abate.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inburnt</h1>
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<hw>In"burnt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Burnt in; ineffaceable.</def>

<blockquote>Her <b>inburnt</b>, shamefaced thoughts.
<i>P. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inburst</h1>
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<hw>In"burst`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bursting in or into.</def>

<h1>Inc</h1>
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<hw>Inc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Japanese measure of length equal to about two and one twelfth yards.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ink</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Inca</h1>
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<hw>In"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An emperor or monarch of Peru before, or at the time of, the Spanish conquest; any member of this royal dynasty, reputed to have been descendants of the sun.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The people governed by the Incas, now represented by the Quichua tribe.</def>

<cs><col>Inca dove</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small dove (<spn>Scardafella inca</spn>), native of Arizona, Lower California, and Mexico.</cd></cs>

<h1>Incage</h1>
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<hw>In*cage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incaged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Incaging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Encage</er>.]</ety> <def>To confine in, or as in, a cage; to coop up. <altsp>[Written also <asp>encage</asp>.]</altsp></def> "<i>Incaged</i> birds."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Incagement</h1>
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<hw>In*cage"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Confinement in, or as in, cage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Incalculability</h1>
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<hw>In*cal`cu*la*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being incalculable.</def>

<h1>Incalculable</h1>
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<hw>In*cal"cu*la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>calculable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incalculable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not capable of being calculated; beyond calculation; very great.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In*cal"cu*la*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In*cal"cu*la*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Incalescence</h1>
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<hw>In`ca*les"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being incalescent, or of growing warm.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Incalescency</h1>
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<hw>In`ca*les"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Incalescence.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Incalescent</h1>
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<hw>In`ca*les"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incalescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>incalescere</ets> to grow hot. See 1st <er>In-</er>, and <er>Calescence</er>.]</ety> <def>Growing warm; increasing in heat.</def>

<h1>Incameration</h1>
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<hw>In*cam`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + L. <ets>camera</ets> chamber, LL., also, jurisdiction: cf. F. <ets>incam\'82ration</ets>, It. <ets>incamerazione</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The act or process of uniting lands, rights, or revenues, to the ecclesiastical chamber, <i>i</i>. <i>e</i>., to the pope's domain.</def>

<h1>Incan</h1>
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<hw>In"can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Incas.</def>

<h1>Incandescence</h1>
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<hw>In`can*des"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incandescence</ets>.]</ety> <def>A white heat, or the glowing or luminous whiteness of a body caused by intense heat.</def>

<h1>Incandescent</h1>
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<hw>In`can*des"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incandecens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>incandescere</ets> to become warm or hot; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>candescere</ets> to become of a glittering whiteness, to become red hot, incho. fr. <ets>candere</ets> to be of a glittering whiteness: cf. F. <ets>incandescent</ets>. See <er>Candle</er>.]</ety> <def>White, glowing, or luminous, with intense heat; <as>as, <ex>incandescent</ex> carbon or platinum</as>; hence, clear; shining; brilliant.</def>

<blockquote>Holy Scripture become resplendent; or, as one might say, <b>incandescent</b> throughout.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Incandescent lamp</col> &or; <col>light</col></mcol> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of lamp in which the light is produced by a thin filament of conducting material, usually carbon<-- usually tungsten! -->, contained in a vacuum, and heated to incandescence by an electric current, as in the Edison lamp; -- called also <altname>incandescence lamp</altname>, and <altname>glowlamp</altname>.</cd></cs><-- incandescent bulb -- the light bulb used in an incandescent lamp; contrasted with fluorescent lamp and fluorescent bulb -->

<h1>Incanescent</h1>
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<hw>In`ca*nes"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incanescens</ets>, p. pr. <ets>incanescere</ets> to become gray.]</ety> <def>Becoming hoary or gray; canescent.</def>

<h1>Incanous</h1>
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<hw>In*ca"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incanus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>canus</ets> hoary.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Hoary with white pubescence.</def>

<h1>Incantation</h1>
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<hw>In`can*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incantatio</ets>, fr. <ets>incantare</ets> to chant a magic formula over one: cf. F. <ets>incantation</ets>. See <er>Enchant</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of using formulas sung or spoken, with occult ceremonies, for the purpose of raising spirits, producing enchantment, or affecting other magical results; enchantment.</def> "Mysterious ceremony and <i>incantation</i>."

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A formula of words used as above.</def>

<h1>Incantatory</h1>
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<hw>In*cant"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dealing by enchantment; magical.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Incanting</h1>
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<hw>In*cant"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Enchanting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Incanton</h1>
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<hw>In*can"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To unite to, or form into, a canton or separate community.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Incapability</h1>
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<hw>In*ca`pa*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being incapable; incapacity.</def>

<i>Suckling.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Want of legal qualifications, or of legal power; <as>as, <ex>incapability</ex> of holding an office</as>.</def>

<h1>Incapable</h1>
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<hw>In*ca"pa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>capable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incapable</ets>, L. <ets>incapabilis</ets> incomprehensible.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanting in ability or qualification for the purpose or end in view; not large enough to contain or hold; deficient in physical strength, mental or moral power, etc.; not capable; <as>as, <ex>incapable</ex> of holding a certain quantity of liquid; <ex>incapable</ex> of endurance, of comprehension, of perseverance, of reform, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not capable of being brought to do or perform, because morally strong or well disposed; -- used with reference to some evil; <as>as, <ex>incapable</ex> of wrong, dishonesty, or falsehood</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not in a state to receive; not receptive; not susceptible; not able to admit; <as>as, <ex>incapable</ex> of pain, or pleasure; <ex>incapable</ex> of stain or injury.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Unqualified or disqualified, in a legal sense; <as>as, a man under thirty-five years of age is <ex>incapable</ex> of holding the office of president of the United States; a person convicted on impeachment is thereby made <ex>incapable</ex> of holding an office of profit or honor under the government.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>As a term of disgrace, sometimes annexed to a sentence when an officer has been cashiered and rendered <i>incapable</i> of serving his country.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Incapable</i> is often used elliptically.</note>

<blockquote>Is not your father grown <b>incapable</b> of reasonable affairs?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Incompetent; unfit; unable; insufficient; inadequate; deficient; disqualified. See <er>Incompetent</er>.</syn>

<h1>Incapable</h1>
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<hw>In*ca"pa*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is morally or mentally weak or inefficient; an imbecile; a simpleton.</def>

<h1>Incapableness</h1>
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<hw>In*ca"pa*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being incapable; incapability.</def>

<h1>Incapably</h1>
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<hw>In*ca"pa*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an incapable manner.</def>

<h1>Incapacious</h1>
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<hw>In`ca*pa"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>capacious</ets>: cf. L. <ets>incapax</ets> incapable.]</ety> <def>Not capacious; narrow; small; weak or foolish; <as>as, an <ex>incapacious</ex> soul</as>.</def> <i>Bp. Burnet</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In`ca*pa"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Incapacitate</h1>
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<hw>In`ca*pac"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incapacitated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Incapacitating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>capacitate</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To deprive of capacity or natural power; to disable; to render incapable or unfit; to disqualify; <as>as, his age <ex>incapacitated</ex> him for war</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To deprive of legal or constitutional requisites, or of ability or competency for the performance of certain civil acts; to disqualify.</def>

<blockquote>It absolutely <b>incapacitated</b> them from holding rank, office, function, or property.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incapacitation</h1>
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<hw>In`ca*pac`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of incapacitating or state of being incapacitated; incapacity; disqualification.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Incapacity</h1>
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<hw>In`ca*pac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Incapacities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incapacit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of capacity; lack of physical or intellectual power; inability.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Want of legal ability or competency to do, give, transmit, or receive something; inability; disqualification; <as>as, the <ex>inacapacity</ex> of minors to make binding contracts, etc.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Inability; incapability; incompetency; unfitness; disqualification; disability.</syn>

<h1>Incapsulate</h1>
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<hw>In*cap"su*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To inclose completely, as in a membrane.</def>

<h1>Incapsulation</h1>
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<hw>In*cap`su*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The process of becoming, or the state or condition of being, incapsulated; <as>as, <ex>incapsulation</ex> of the ovum in the uterus</as>.</def>

<h1>Incarcerate</h1>
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<hw>In*car"cer*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incarcerated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Incarcerating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + L. <ets>carceratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>carcerare</ets> to imprison, fr. <ets>carcer</ets> prison.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To imprison; to confine in a jail or priso<?/.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To confine; to shut up or inclose; to hem in.</def>

<cs><col>Incarcerated hernia</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>hernia in which the constriction can not be easily reduced.</cd></cs>

<h1>Incarcerate</h1>
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<hw>In*car"cer*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Imprisoned.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Incarceration</h1>
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<hw>In*car`cer*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incarc\'82ration</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of confining, or the state of being confined; imprisonment.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Formerly, strangulation, as in hernia.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A constriction of the hernial sac, rendering it irreducible, but not great enough to cause strangulation.</def>

<h1>Incarcerator</h1>
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<hw>In*car"cer*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who incarcerates.</def>

<h1>Incarn</h1>
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<hw>In*carn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incarner</ets>. See <er>Incarnate</er>.]</ety> <def>To cover or invest with flesh.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Incarn</h1>
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<hw>In*carn"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To develop flesh.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Incarnadine</h1>
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<hw>In*car"na*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>incarnadin</ets>, It. <ets>incarnatino</ets>; L. pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>, flesh. Cf. <er>Carnation</er>, <er>Incarnate</er>.]</ety> <def>Flesh-colored; of a carnation or pale red color.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Lovelace.</i>

<h1>Incarnadine</h1>
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<hw>In*car"na*dine</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dye red or crimson.</def>

<blockquote>Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood
Clean from my hand? No; this my hand will rather
The multitudinous seas <b>incarnadine</b>,
Making the green one red.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incarnate</h1>
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<hw>In*car"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>carnate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not in the flesh; spiritual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I fear nothing . . . that devil carnate or <b>incarnate</b> can fairly do.
<i>Richardson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incarnate</h1>
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<hw>In*car"nate</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incarnatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>incarnare</ets> to incarnate, pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>caro</ets>, <ets>carnis</ets>, flesh. See <er>Carnal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Invested with flesh; embodied in a human nature and form; united with, or having, a human body.</def>

<blockquote>Here shalt thou sit <b>incarnate</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He represents the emperor and his wife as two devils <b>incarnate</b>, sent into the world for the destruction of mankind.
<i>Jortin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Flesh-colored; rosy; red.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Incarnate</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*car"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incarnated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Incarnating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To clothe with flesh; to embody in flesh; to invest, as spirits, ideals, etc., with a human from or nature.</def>

<blockquote>This essence to <b>incarnate</b> and imbrute,
That to the height of deity aspired.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incarnate</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*car"nate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form flesh; to granulate, as a wound.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>My uncle Toby's wound was nearly well -- 't was just beginning to <b>incarnate</b>.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incarnation</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In`car*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>incarnation</ets>, LL. <ets>incarnatio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of clothing with flesh, or the state of being so clothed; the act of taking, or being manifested in, a human body and nature.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The union of the second person of the Godhead with manhood in Christ.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An incarnate form; a personification; a manifestation; a reduction to apparent from; a striking exemplification in person or act.</def>

<blockquote>She is a new <b>incarnation</b> of some of the illustrious dead.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The very <b>incarnation</b> of selfishness.
<i>F. W. Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A rosy or red color; flesh color; carnation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The process of healing wounds and filling the part with new flesh; granulation.</def>

<h1>Incarnative</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*car"na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incarnatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing new flesh to grow; healing; regenerative.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An incarnative medicine.</def></def2>

<h1>Incarnification</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*car`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Incarnation</er>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of assuming, or state of being clothed with, flesh; incarnation.</def>

<h1>Incase</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*case"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incased</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Incasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>encaisser</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>caisse</ets> case. See <er>Case</er> a box, and cf. <er>Encase</er>, <er>Enchase</er>.]</ety> <def>To inclose in a case; to inclose; to cover or surround with something solid.</def>

<blockquote>Rich plates of gold the folding doors <b>incase</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incasement</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*case"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Casement</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of inclosing with a case, or the state of being incased.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which forms a case, covering, or inclosure.</def>

<h1>Incask</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*cask"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with a casque or as with a casque.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Incastellated</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*cas"tel*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Confined or inclosed in a castle.</def>

<h1>Incastelled</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*cas"telled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>Hoofbound.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Incatenation</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*cat`e*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>incatenatio</ets>; L. pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>catena</ets> chain. See <er>Enchain</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of linking together; enchaining.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Incaution</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*cau"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of caution.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Incautious</h1>
<Xpage=742>

<hw>In*cau"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>cautious</ets>: cf. L. <ets>incautus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not cautious; not circumspect; not attending to the circumstances on which safety and interest depend; heedless; careless; <as>as, an <ex>incautious</ex> step; an <ex>incautious</ex> remark.</as></def>

<hr>
<page="743">
Page 743<p>

<blockquote>You . . . <b>incautious</b> tread
On fire with faithless embers overspread.
<i>Francis.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His rhetorical expressions may easily captivate any <b>incautious</b> reader.
<i>Keill.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Unwary; indiscreet; inconsiderate; imprudent; impolitic; careless; heedless; thoughtless.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*cau"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In*cau"tious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Incavated</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In"ca*va`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incavatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>incavare</ets> to make hollow: pref <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>cavare</ets> to hollow out, fr. <ets>cavus</ets> hollow.]</ety> <def>Made hollow; bent round or in.</def>

<h1>Incavation</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In`ca*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of making hollow; also, a hollow; an exvation; a depression.</def>

<h1>Incaved</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*caved"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>cave</ets>. Cf. <er>Encave</er>, <er>Incavated</er>.]</ety> <def>Inclosed in a cave.</def>

<h1>Incaverned</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cav"erned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclosed or shut up as in a cavern.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Incedingly</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*ced"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incedere</ets> to walk majestically.]</ety> <def>Majestically.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>C. Bront\'82.</i>

<h1>Incelebrity</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In`ce*leb"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of celebrity or distinction; obscurity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Incend</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incendere</ets>, <ets>incensum</ets>, to kindle, burn. See <er>Incense</er> to inflame.]</ety> <def>To inflame; to excite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Incendiarism</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cen"di*a*rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Incendiary</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of maliciously setting fires; arson.</def>

<h1>Incendiary</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cen"di*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Incendiaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>incendiarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incendiaire</ets>. See <er>Incense</er> to inflame.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any person who maliciously sets fire to a building or other valuable or other valuable property.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person who excites or inflames factions, and promotes quarrels or sedition; an agitator; an exciter.</def>

<blockquote>Several cities . . . drove them out as <b>incendiaries</b>.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incendiary</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cen"di*a*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incendiarius</ets>, fr. <ets>incendium</ets> a fire, conflagration: cf. F. <ets>incendiaire</ets>. See <er>Incense</er> to inflame.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to incendiarism, or the malicious burning of valuable property; <as>as, <ex>incendiary</ex> material; as <ex>incendiary</ex> crime.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tending to excite or inflame factions, sedition, or quarrel; inflammatory; seditious.</def>

<i>Paley.</i>

<cs><col>Incendiary shell</col>, <cd>a bombshell. See <er>Carcass</er>, 4.</cd></cs>

<h1>Incendious</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cen"di*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incendiosus</ets> burning, hot.]</ety> <def>Promoting faction or contention; seditious; inflammatory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Bacon</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In*cen"di*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Incensant</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cen"sant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Incense</er> to anger.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A modern term applied to animals (as a boar) when borne as raging, or with furious aspect.</def>

<h1>Incensation</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In`cen*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The offering of incense.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Incense</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cense"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incensed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Incensing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>incensus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>incendere</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + root of <ets>candere</ets> to glow. See <er>Candle</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To set on fire; to inflame; to kindle; to burn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Twelve Trojan princes wait on thee, and labor to <b>incense</b>
Thy glorious heap of funeral.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inflame with anger; to endkindle; to fire; to incite; to provoke; to heat; to madden.</def>

<blockquote>The people are <b>incensed</b> him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To enrage; exasperate; provoke; anger; irritate; heat; fire; instigate.</syn>

<h1>Incense</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In"cense</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incensed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Incensing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>incensare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>encenser</ets>. See <er>Incense</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To offer incense to. See <er>Incense</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To perfume with, or as with, incense.</def> "<i>Incensed</i> with wanton sweets."

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Incense</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In"cense</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>encens</ets>, F. <ets>encens</ets>, L. <ets>incensum</ets>, fr. <ets>incensus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>incendere</ets> to burn. See <er>Incense</er> to inflame.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The perfume or odors exhaled from spices and gums when burned in celebrating religious rites or as an offering to some deity.</def>

<blockquote>A thick of <b>incense</b> went up.
<i>Ezek. viii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The materials used for the purpose of producing a perfume when burned, as fragrant gums, spices, frankincense, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put fire therein, and put <b>incense</b> thereon.
<i>Lev. x. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Also used figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>Or heap the shrine of luxury and pride,

<blockquote>With <b>incense</b> kindled at the Muse's flame.

<i>Gray.</i>

<cs><col>Incense tree</col>, <cd>the name of several balsamic trees of the genus <spn>Bursera</spn> (or <spn>Icica</spn>) mostly tropical American. The gum resin is used for incense. In Jamaica the <spn>Chrysobalanus Icaco</spn>, a tree related to the plums, is called <i>incense tree<i>.</cd> -- <col>Incense wood</col>, <cd>the fragrant wood of the tropical American tree <spn>Bursera heptaphylla</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Incensebreathing</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In"cense*breath`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Breathing or exhaling incense.</def> "<i>Incense-breathing</i> morn."

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Incensed</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*censed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Angered; enraged.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Represented as enraged, as any wild creature depicted with fire issuing from mouth and eyes.</def>

<h1>Incensement</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cense"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fury; rage; heat; exasperation; <as>as, implacable <ex>incensement</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Incenser</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cen"ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who instigates or incites.</def>

<h1>Incension</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cen"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incensio</ets>. See <er>Incense</er> to inflame.]</ety> <def>The act of kindling, or the state of being kindled or on fire.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Incensive</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cen"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to excite or provoke; inflammatory.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Incensor</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cen"sor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A kindler of anger or enmity; an inciter.</def>

<h1>Incensory</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cen"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Incensories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>incensorium</ets>: cf. F. <ets>encensoir</ets>. See 2d <er>Incense</er>, and cf. <er>Censer</er>.]</ety> <def>The vessel in which incense is burned and offered; a censer; a thurible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Incensurable</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cen"sur*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>censurable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incensurable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not censurable.</def> <i>Dr. T. Dwight</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In*cen"sur*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Incenter</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cen"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The center of the circle inscribed in a triangle.</def>

<h1>Incentive</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cen"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incentivus</ets>, from <ets>incinere</ets> to strike up or set the tune; pref. <ets>in-</ets> + <ets>canere</ets> to sing. See <er>Enchant</er>, <er>Chant</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Inciting; encouraging or moving; rousing to action; stimulative.</def>

<blockquote>Competency is the most <b>incentive</b> to industry.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Serving to kindle or set on fire.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Part <b>incentive</b> reed

<blockquote>Provide, pernicious with one touch of fire.

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Incentive</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cen"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incentivum</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which moves or influences the mind, or operates on the passions; that which incites, or has a tendency to incite, to determination or action; that which prompts to good or ill; motive; spur; <as>as, the love of money, and the desire of promotion, are two powerful <ex>incentives</ex> to action</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The greatest obstacles, the greatest terrors that come in their way, are so far from making them quit the work they had begun, that they rather prove <b>incentives</b> to them to go on in it.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Motive; spur; stimulus; incitement; encouragement; inducement; influence.</syn>

<h1>Incentively</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cen"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Incitingly; encouragingly.</def>

<h1>Inception</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inceptio</ets>, fr. <ets>incipere</ets> to begin; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>capere</ets> to take. See <er>Capable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Beginning; commencement; initiation.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Marked with vivacity of <b>inception</b>, apathy of progress, and prematureness of decay.
<i>Rawle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reception; a taking in.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Poe.</i>

<h1>Inceptive</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cep"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Beginning; expressing or indicating beginning; <as>as, an <ex>inceptive</ex> proposition; an <ex>inceptive</ex> verb, which expresses the beginning of action</as>; -- called also <altname>inchoative</altname>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In*cep"tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inceptive</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cep"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inceptive word, phrase, or clause.</def>

<h1>Inceptor</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cep"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A beginner; one in the rudiments.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is on the point of taking the degree of master of arts at an English university.</def>

<i>Walton.</i>

<h1>Inceration</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In`cer*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incerare</ets> to smear with wax; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>cerare</ets> to wax, fr. <ets>cera</ets> wax: cf. F. <ets>inc\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of smearing or covering with wax.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Incerative</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cer"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cleaving or sticking like wax.</def>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Incertain</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cer"tain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>certain</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incertain</ets>, L. <ets>incertus</ets>. See <er>Certain</er>.]</ety> <def>Uncertain; doubtful; unsteady.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In*cer"tain*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Very questionable and of <b>uncertain</b> truth.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incertainty</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cer"tain*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Uncertainty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Incertitude</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cer"ti*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incertitude</ets>, LL. <ets>incertitudo</ets>, fr. L. <ets>incertus</ets>. See <er>Incertain</er>.]</ety> <def>Uncertainty; doubtfulness; doubt.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>incertitude</b> and instability of this life.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He fails . . . from mere <b>incertitude</b> or irresolution.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incertum</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cer"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Doubtful; not of definite form.</def>

<cs><col>Opus incertum</col> <fld>(Anc. Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of masonry employed in building walls, in which the stones were not squared nor laid in courses; rubblework.</cd></cs>

<h1>Incessable</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*ces"sa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incessabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>cessare</ets> to cease.]</ety> <def>Unceasing; continual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shelton</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In*ces"sa*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Incessancy</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*ces"san*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Incessant</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being incessant; unintermitted continuance; unceasingness.</def>

<i>Dr. T. Dwight.</i>

<h1>Incessant</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*ces"sant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incessans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>cessare</ets> to cease: cf. F. <ets>incessant</ets>. See <er>Cease</er>.]</ety> <def>Continuing or following without interruption; unceasing; unitermitted; uninterrupted; continual; <as>as, <ex>incessant</ex> clamors; <ex>incessant</ex> pain, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Against the castle gate,
 . . . Which with <b>incessant</b> force and endless hate,
They batter'd day and night and entrance did await.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Unceasing; uninterrupted; unintermitted; unremitting; ceaseless; continual; constant; perpetual.</syn>

<h1>Incessantly</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*ces"sant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Unceasingly; continually.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Incession</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*ces"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incedere</ets>, <ets>incessum</ets>, to walk.]</ety> <def>Motion on foot; progress in walking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>incession</b> or local motion of animals.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incest</h1>
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<hw>In"cest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>inceste</ets>, L. <ets>incestum</ets> unchastity, incest, fr. <ets>incestus</ets> unchaste; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>castus</ets> chaste. See <er>Chaste</er>.]</ety> <def>The crime of cohabitation or sexual commerce between persons related within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by law.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Spiritual incest</col>. <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The crime of cohabitation committed between persons who have a spiritual alliance by means of baptism or confirmation.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The act of a vicar, or other beneficiary, who holds two benefices, the one depending on the collation of the other.</cd></cs>

<h1>Incesttuous</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cest"tu*ous</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incestuosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incestueux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Guilty of incest; involving, or pertaining to, the crime of incest; <as>as, an <ex>incestuous</ex> person or connection</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Ere you reach to this <b>incestuous</b> love,
You must divine and human rights remove.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*cest"tu*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In*cest"tu*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inch</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>Inch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>inis</ets>.]</ety> <def>An island; -- often used in the names of small islands off the coast of Scotland, as in <i>Inch</i>colm, <i>Inch</i>keith, etc.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Inch</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>Inch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>inche</ets>, <ets>unche</ets>, AS. <ets>ynce</ets>, L. <ets>uncia</ets> the twelfth part, inch, ounce. See <er>Ounce</er> a weight.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A measure of length, the twelfth part of a foot, commonly subdivided into halves, quarters, eights, sixteenths, etc., as among mechanics. It was also formerly divided into twelve parts, called <i>lines</i>, and originally into three parts, called <i>barleycorns</i>, its length supposed to have been determined from three grains of barley placed end to end lengthwise. It is also sometimes called a <i>prime</i> (\'b7), composed of twelve seconds (\'b7\'b7), as in the duodecimal system of arithmetic.</def>
<-- \'b7 is the same symbol as the light accent, or the "minutes" of an arc.  The "seconds" synbol should actually have the two strokes closer than in repeated "minutes".  Here, \'b7\'b7 will be interpreted as "seconds" -->

<blockquote>12 seconds (\'b7\'b7) make 1 <b>inch</b> or prime. 12 <b>inches</b> or primes (\'b7)  make 1 foot.
<i>B. Greenleaf.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The meter, the accepted scientific standard of length, equals 39.37 inches; the inch is equal to 2.54 centimeters. See <er>Metric system</er>, and <er>Meter</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small distance or degree, whether or time <?/<?/ space; hence, a critical moment.</def>

<blockquote>Beldame, I think we watched you at an <b>inch</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>By inches</col>, <cd>by slow degrees, gradually.</cd> -- <col>Inch of candle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Candle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Inches of pressure</col>, <cd>usually, the pressure indicated by so many inches of a mercury column, as on a steam gauge.</cd> -- <col>Inch of water</col>. <cd>See under <er>Water</er>.</cd> -- <col>Miner's inch</col>, <fld>(Hydraulic Mining)</fld>, <cd>a unit for the measurement of water. See <cref>Inch of water</cref>, under <er>Water</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inch</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>Inch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inching</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To drive by inches, or small degrees.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He gets too far into the soldier's grace
And <b>inches</b> out my master.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deal out by inches; to give sparingly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Inch</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>Inch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To advance or retire by inches or small degrees; to move slowly.</def>

<blockquote>With slow paces measures back the field,
And <b>inches</b> to the walls.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inch</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>Inch</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Measurement an inch in any dimension, whether length, breadth, or thickness; -- used in composition; <as>as, a two-<ex>inch</ex> cable; a four-<ex>inch</ex> plank.</as></def>

<cs><col>Inch stuff</col>, <cd>boards, etc., sawed one inch thick.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inchamber</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cham"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inchambered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inchambering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>chamber</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>enchambrer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To lodge in a chamber.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Inchangeability</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*change`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Unchangeableness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Kenrick.</i>

<h1>Inchant</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*chant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Enchant</er>.</def>

<h1>Incharitable</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*char"i*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incharitable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Uncharitable; unfeeling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Incharity</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*char"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incharit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of charity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Inchase</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*chase"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Enchase</er>.</def>

<h1>Inchastity</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*chas"ti*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>chastity</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inchastet\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unchastity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Inched</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>Inched</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having or measuring (so many) inches; <as>as, a four-<ex>inched</ex> bridge</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Inchest</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*chest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put into a chest.</def>

<h1>Inchipin</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>Inch"i*pin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Inchpin</er>.</def>

<h1>Inchmeal</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>Inch"meal`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Meal</er> a part, and cf. <er>Piecemeal</er>.]</ety> <def>A piece an inch long.</def>

<cs><col>By inchmeal</col>, <cd>by small degrees; by inches.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Inchmeal</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>Inch"meal`</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Little by little; gradually.</def>

<h1>Inchoate</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In"cho*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inchoatus</ets>, better <ets>incohatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>incohare</ets> to begin.]</ety> <def>Recently, or just, begun; beginning; partially but not fully in existence or operation; existing in its elements; incomplete.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In"cho*ate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Neither a substance perfect, nor a substance <b>inchoate</b>.
<i>Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inchoate</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In"cho*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To begin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Inchoation</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In`cho*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inchoatio</ets>, <ets>incohatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of beginning; commencement; inception.</def>

<blockquote>The setting on foot some of those arts, in those parts, would be looked on as the first <b>inchoation</b> of them.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is now in actual progress, from the rudest <b>inchoation</b> to the most elaborate finishing.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inchoative</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cho"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inchoativus</ets>, <ets>incohativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inchoatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expressing or pertaining to a beginning; inceptive; <as>as, an <ex>inchoative</ex> verb</as>.</def>  "Some <i>inchoative</i> or imperfect rays." <i>W. Montagu</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An inchoative verb. See <er>Inceptive</er>.</def></def2>

<h1>Inchpin</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>Inch"pin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>inchipin</ets>, <ets>inche-pinne</ets>, <ets>inne-pinne</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[Cf. Gael. <ets>inne</ets>, <ets>innidh</ets>, bowel, entrail.]</ety> <def>The sweetbread of a deer.</def>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Inchworm</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>Inch"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of any geometrid moth. See <er>Geometrid</er>.</def>

<h1>Incicurable</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cic"u*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incicur</ets> not tame; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>cicur</ets> name.]</ety> <def>Untamable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Incide</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In*cide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incidere</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>caedere</ets> to cut. See <er>Concise</er>, and cf. <er>Incise</er>.]</ety> <def>To cut; to separate and remove; to resolve or break up, as by medicines.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Incidence</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In"ci*dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incidence</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A falling on or upon; an incident; an event.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The direction in which a body, or a ray of light or heat, falls on any surface.</def>

<blockquote>In equal <b>incidences</b> there is a considerable inequality of refractions.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Angle of incidence</col>, <cd>the angle which a ray of light, or the line of incidence of a body, falling on any surface, makes with a perpendicular to that surface; also formerly, the complement of this angle.</cd> -- <col>Line of incidence</col>, <cd>the line in the direction of which a surface is struck by a body, ray of light, and the like.</cd></cs>

<h1>Incidency</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In"ci*den*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Incidence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Incident</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In"ci*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incidens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. & of <ets>incidere</ets> to fall into or upon; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in, on + <ets>cadere</ets> to fall: cf. F. <ets>incident</ets>. See <er>Cadence</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Falling or striking upon, as a ray of light upon a reflecting surface.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Coming or happening accidentally; not in the usual course of things; not in connection with the main design; not according to expectation; casual; fortuitous.</def>

<blockquote>As the ordinary course of common affairs is disposed of by general laws, so likewise men's rarer <b>incident</b> necessities and utilities should be with special equity considered.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Liable to happen; apt to occur; befalling; hence, naturally happening or appertaining.</def>

<blockquote>All chances <b>incident</b> to man's frail life.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The studies <b>incident</b> to his profession.
<i>Milward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Dependent upon, or appertaining to, another thing, called the <i>principal</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Incident proposition</col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>a proposition subordinate to another, and introduced by <i>who<i>, <i>which<i>, <i>whose<i>, <i>whom<i>, etc.; as, Julius, <i>whose surname was C\'91sar<i>, overcame Pompey.</cd></cs>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<h1>Incident</h1>
<Xpage=743>

<hw>In"ci*dent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incident</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which falls out or takes place; an event; casualty; occurrence.</def>

<hr>
<page="744">
Page 744<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which happens aside from the main design; an accidental or subordinate action or event.</def>

<blockquote>No person, no <b>incident</b>, in a play but must be of use to carry on the main design.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Something appertaining to, passing with, or depending on, another, called the <i>principal</i>.</def>

<i>Tomlins.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Circumstance; event; fact; adventure; contingency; chance; accident; casualty. See <er>Event</er>.</syn>

<h1>Incindental</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In`cin*den"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Happening, as an occasional event, without regularity; coming without design; casual; accidental; hence, not of prime concern; subordinate; collateral; <as>as, an <ex>incidental</ex> conversation; an <ex>incidental</ex> occurrence; <ex>incidental</ex> expenses.</as></def>

<blockquote>By some, religious duties . . . appear to be regarded . . . as an <b>incidental</b> business.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Accidental; casual; fortuitous; contingent; chance; collateral. See <er>Accidental</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`cen*den"tal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In`cen*den"tal*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>I treat either or <b>incidentally</b> of colors.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incendental</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In`cen*den"tal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An incident; that which is incidental; esp., in the plural, an aggregate of subordinate or incidental items not particularized; <as>as, the expense of tuition and <ex>incidentals</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Incidently</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In"ci*dent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Incidentally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Incinerable</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cin"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being incinerated or reduced to ashes.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Incinerate</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cin"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[LL. <ets>incineratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>incinerare</ets> to incinerate; L. pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>cinis</ets>, <ets>cineris</ets>, ashes.]</ety> <def>Reduced to ashes by burning; thoroughly consumed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Incinerate</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cin"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incinerated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Incinerating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To burn to ashes; to consume; to burn.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>It is the fire only that <b>incinerates</b> bodies.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incineration</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cin`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>incineratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incin\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of incinerating, or the state of being incinerated; cremation.</def>

<blockquote>The phenix kind,
Of whose <b>incineration</b>,
There riseth a new creation.
<i>Skelton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incipience, Incipiency</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw><hw>In*cip"i*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*cip"i*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incipientia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Beginning; commencement; incipient state.</def>

<h1>Incipient</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cip"i*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incipiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>incipere</ets> to begin. See <er>Inception</er>.]</ety> <def>Beginning to be, or to show itself; commencing; initial; <as>as, the <ex>incipient</ex> stage of a fever; <ex>incipient</ex> light of day.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>In*cip"i*ent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Incircle</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cir"cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Encircle</er>.</def>

<h1>Incirclet</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cir"clet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Encirclet</er>.]</ety> <def>A small circle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Incircumscriptible</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cir`cum*scrip"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>circumscriptible</ets>: cf. LL. <ets>incircumscriptibilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being circumscribed or limited.</def>

<i>Cranmer.</i>

<h1>Incircumscription</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cir`cum*scrip"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Condition or quality of being incircumscriptible or limitless.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Incircumspect</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cir"cum*spect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>circumspect</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not circumspect; heedless; careless; reckless; impolitic.</def>

<i>Tyndale.</i>

<h1>Incircumspection</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cir`cum*spec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incirconspection</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of circumspection.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Incise</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Incising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>incisus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>incidere</ets> to incise: cf. F. <ets>inciser</ets>. See <er>Incide</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut in or into with a sharp instrument; to carve; to engrave.</def>

<blockquote>I on thy grave this epitaph <b>incise</b>.
<i>T. Carew.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cut, gash, or wound with a sharp instrument; to cut off.</def>

<h1>Incised</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cised"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cut in; carved; engraved.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having deep and sharp notches, as a leaf or a petal.</def>

<h1>Incisely</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cise"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an incised manner.</def>

<h1>Incision</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*ci"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incisio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incision</ets>. See <er>Incise</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of incising, or cutting into a substance.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is produced by incising; the separation of the parts of any substance made by a cutting or pointed instrument; a cut; a gash.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Separation or solution of viscid matter by medicines.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Incisive</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*ci"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incisif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the quality of incising, cutting, or penetrating, as with a sharp instrument; cutting; hence, sharp; acute; sarcastic; biting.</def> "An <i>incisive</i>, high voice."

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<blockquote>And her <b>incisive</b> smile accrediting
That treason of false witness in my blush.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the incisors; incisor; <as>as, the <ex>incisive</ex> bones, the premaxillaries</as>.</def>

<h1>Incisor</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*ci"sor</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the teeth in front of the canines in either jaw; an incisive tooth. See <er>Tooth</er>.</def>

<h1>Incisor</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*ci"sor</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adapted for cutting; of or pertaining to the incisors; incisive; <as>as, the <ex>incisor</ex> nerve; an <ex>incisor</ex> foramen; an <ex>incisor</ex> tooth.</as></def>

<h1>Incisory</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*ci"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the quality of cutting; incisor; incisive.</def>

<h1>Incisure</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cis"ure</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incisura</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incisure</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cut; an incision; a gash.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Incitant</h1>
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<hw>In*cit"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incitans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>incitare</ets>. See <er>Incite</er>.]</ety> <def>Inciting; stimulating.</def>

<h1>Incitant</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cit"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which incites; an inciting agent or cause; a stimulant.</def>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Incitation</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In`ci*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incitation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inciting or moving to action.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which incites to action; that which rouses or prompts; incitement; motive; incentive.</def>

<blockquote>The noblest <b>incitation</b> to honest attempts.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incitative</h1>
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<hw>In*cit"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A provocative; an incitant; a stimulant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jervas.</i>

<h1>Incite</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incited</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inciting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>incitare</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>citare</ets> to rouse, stir up: cf. F. <ets>inciter</ets>. See <er>Cite</er>.]</ety> <def>To move to action; to stir up; to rouse; to spur or urge on.</def>

<blockquote>Anthiochus, when he <b>incited</b> Prusias to join in war, set before him the greatness of the Romans.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No blown ambition doth our arms <b>incite</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Excite; stimulate; instigate; spur; goad; arouse; move; urge; rouse; provoke; encourage; prompt; animate. See <er>Excite</er>.</syn>

<h1>Incitement</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cite"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incitement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inciting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which incites the mind, or moves to action; motive; incentive; impulse.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<blockquote>From the long records of a distant age,
Derive <b>incitements</b> to renew thy rage.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Motive; incentive; spur; stimulus; impulse; encouragement.</syn>

<h1>Inciter</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cit"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, incites.</def>

<h1>Incitingly</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cit"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to incite or stimulate.</def>

<h1>Incito-motor</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*ci`to-mo"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incitus</ets> incited + E. <ets>motor</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Inciting to motion; -- applied to that action which, in the case of muscular motion, commences in the nerve centers, and excites the muscles to contraction. Opposed to <i>excito-motor</i>.</def>

<h1>Incito-motory</h1>
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<hw>In*ci`to-mo"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Incitomotor.</def>

<h1>Incivil</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*civ"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incivilis</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>civilis</ets> civil: cf. F. <ets>incivil</ets>.]</ety> <def>Uncivil; rude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Incivility</h1>
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<hw>In`ci*vil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Incivilities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>incivilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incivilit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being uncivil; want of courtesy; rudeness of manner; impoliteness.</def>

<i>Shak. Tillotson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any act of rudeness or ill breeding.</def>

<blockquote>Uncomely jests, loud talking and jeering, which, in civil account, are called indecencies and <b>incivilities</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Want of civilization; a state of rudeness or barbarism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Impoliteness; uncourteousness; unmannerliness; disrespect; rudeness; discourtesy.</syn>

<h1>Incivilization</h1>
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<hw>In*civ`i*li*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>civilization</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being uncivilized; want of civilization; barbarism.</def>

<h1>Incivilly</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*civ"il*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Uncivilly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Incivism</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*civ"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>civism</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incivisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of civism; want of patriotism or love to one's country; unfriendliness to one's state or government.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Inclamation</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In`cla*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inclamatio</ets>. See 1st <er>In-</er>, and <er>Claim</er>.]</ety> <def>Exclamation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Inclasp</h1>
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<hw>In*clasp"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>clasp</ets>. Cf. <er>Enclasp</er>.]</ety> <def>To clasp within; to hold fast to; to embrace or encircle.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>enclasp</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>The flattering ivy who did ever see
<b>Inclasp</b> the huge trunk of an aged tree.
<i>F. Beaumont.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inclaudent</h1>
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<hw>In*clau"dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not closing or shutting.</def>

<h1>Inclavated</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In"cla*va`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>inclavatus</ets>; L. pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>clavare</ets> to fasten with nails, fr. <ets>clavus</ets> nail.]</ety> <def>Set; fast; fixed.</def>

<i>Dr. John Smith.</i>

<h1>Inclave</h1>
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<hw>In*clave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Inclavated</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Resembling a series of dovetails; -- said of a line of division, such as the border of an ordinary.</def>

<h1>Incle</h1>
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<hw>In"cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Inkle</er>.</def>

<h1>Inclemency</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*clem"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Inclemencies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>inclementia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incl\'82mence</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being inclement; want of clemency; want of mildness of temper; unmercifulness; severity.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>inclemency</b> of the late pope.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Physical severity or harshness (commonly in respect to the elements or weather); roughness; storminess; rigor; severe cold, wind, rain, or snow.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>inclemencies</b> of morning air.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The rude <b>inclemency</b> of wintry skies.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Harshness; severity; cruelty; rigor; roughness; storminess; boisterousness.</syn>

<h1>Inclement</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*clem"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inclemens</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>clemens</ets> mild: cf. F. <ets>incl\'82ment</ets>. See <er>Clement</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not clement; destitute of a mild and kind temper; void of tenderness; unmerciful; severe; harsh.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Physically severe or harsh (generally restricted to the elements or weather); rough; boisterous; stormy; rigorously cold, etc.; <as>as, <ex>inclement</ex> weather</as>.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>The guard the wretched from the <b>inclement</b> sky.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Teach us further by what means to shun
The <b>inclement</b> seasons, rain, ice, hail, and snow!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inclemently</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*clem"ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inclement manner.</def>

<h1>Inclinable</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*clin"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inclinabilis</ets>. See <er>Incline</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Leaning; tending.</def>

<blockquote>Likely and <b>inclinable</b> to fall.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a propensity of will or feeling; leaning in disposition; disposed; propense; <as>as, a mind <ex>inclinable</ex> to truth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whatsoever other sins he may be <b>inclinable</b> to.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The very constitution of a multitude is not so <b>inclinable</b> to save as to destroy.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inclinableness</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*clin"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being inclinable; inclination.</def>

<h1>Inclinnation</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In`clin*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inclinatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inclination</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inclining, or state of being inclined; a leaning; <as>as, an <ex>inclination</ex> of the head</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A direction or tendency from the true vertical or horizontal direction; <as>as, the <ex>inclination</ex> of a column, or of a road bed</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A tendency towards another body or point</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The angle made by two lines or planes; <as>as, the <ex>inclination</ex> of the plane of the earth's equator to the plane of the ecliptic is about 23&deg; 28\'b7; the <ex>inclination</ex> of two rays of light.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A leaning or tendency of the mind, feelings, preferences, or will; propensity; a disposition more favorable to one thing than to another; favor; desire; love.</def>

<blockquote>A mere <b>inclination</b> to a thing is not properly a willing of that thing.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How dost thou find the <b>inclination</b> of the people?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A person or thing loved or admired.</def>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Pharm.)</fld> <def>Decantation, or tipping for pouring.</def>

<cs><col>Inclination compass</col>, <cd>an inclinometer.</cd> -- <col>Inclination of an orbit</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the angle which the orbit makes the ecliptic.</cd> -- <col>Inclination of the needle</col>. <cd>See <cref>Dip of the needle</cref>, under <er>Dip</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Bent; tendency; proneness; bias; proclivity; propensity; prepossession; predilection; attachment; desire; affection; love. See <er>Bent</er>, and cf. <er>Disposition</er>.</syn>

<h1>Inclinatory</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*clin"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the quality of leaning or inclining; <as>as, the <ex>inclinatory</ex> needle</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In*clin"a*to*ri*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <i>Sir T. Browne</i>.</wordforms>

<h1>Incline</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cline"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inclined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inclining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>inclinen</ets>, <ets>enclinen</ets>, OF. <ets>encliner</ets>, <ets>incliner</ets>, F. <ets>incliner</ets>, L. <ets>inclinare</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>clinare</ets> to bend, incline; akin to E. <ets>lean</ets>. See <er>Lean</er> to incline.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To deviate from a line, direction, or course, toward an object; to lean; to tend; <as>as, converging lines <ex>incline</ex> toward each other; a road <ex>inclines</ex> to the north or south.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To lean or tend, in an intellectual or moral sense; to favor an opinion, a course of conduct, or a person; to have a propensity or inclination; to be disposed.</def>

<blockquote>Their hearts <b>inclined</b> to follow Abimelech.
<i>Judges ix. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Power finds its balance, giddy motions cease
In both the scales, and each <b>inclines</b> to peace.
<i>Parnell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bow; to incline the head.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To lean; slope; slant; tend; bend.</syn>

<h1>Incline</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cline"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to deviate from a line, position, or direction; to give a leaning, bend, or slope to; <as>as, <ex>incline</ex> the column or post to the east; <ex>incline</ex> your head to the right.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Incline</b> thine ear, O Lord, and hear.
<i>Is. xxxvii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To impart a tendency or propensity to, as to the will or affections; to turn; to dispose; to influence.</def>

<blockquote><b>Incline</b> my heart unto thy testimonies.
<i>Ps. cxix. 36.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Incline</b> our hearts to keep this law.
<i>Book of Com. Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bend; to cause to stoop or bow; <as>as, to <ex>incline</ex> the head or the body in acts of reverence or civility</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With due respect my body I <b>inclined</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incline</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cline"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inclined plane; an ascent o<?/ descent; a grade or gradient; a slope.</def>

<h1>Inclined</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*clined"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a leaning or tendency towards, or away from, a thing; disposed or moved by wish, desire, or judgment; <as>as, a man <ex>inclined</ex> to virtue</as>.</def> "Each pensively <i>inclined</i>."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Making an angle with some line or plane; -- said of a line or plane.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bent out of a perpendicular position, or into a curve with the convex side uppermost.</def>

<cs><col>Inclined plane</col>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A plane that makes an oblique angle with the plane of the horizon; a sloping plane. When used to produce pressure, or as a means of moving bodies, it is one of the mechanical powers, so called.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Railroad & Canal)</fld> <cd>An inclined portion of track, on which trains or boats are raised or lowered from one level to another.</cd></cs>

<h1>Incliner</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*clin"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, inclines; specifically, an inclined dial.</def>

<h1>Inclining</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*clin"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Inclined</er>, 3.</def>

<h1>Inclining</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*clin"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclination; disposition.</def>

<blockquote>On the first <b>inclining</b> towards sleep.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Party or side chosen; a following.</def>

<blockquote>Both you of my <b>inclining</b>, and the rest.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inclinnometer</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In`clin*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Incline</ets> + -<ets>meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld> <def>An apparatus to determine the inclination of the earth's magnetic force to the plane of the horizon; -- called also <altname>inclination compass</altname>, and <altname>dip circle</altname>.</def>

<h1>Inclip</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*clip"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To clasp; to inclose.</def>

<blockquote>Whate'er the ocean pales, or sky <b>inclips</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incloister</h1>
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<hw>In*clois"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>cloister</ets>: cf. F. <ets>enclo\'8ctrer</ets>. Cf. <er>Encloister</er>.]</ety> <def>To confine as in a cloister; to cloister.</def>

<i>Lovelace.</i>

<h1>Inclose</h1>
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<hw>In*close"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inclosed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inclosing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Enclose</er>, and cf. <er>Include</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>enclose</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To surround; to shut in; to confine on all sides; to include; to shut up; to encompass; <as>as, to <ex>inclose</ex> a fort or an army with troops; to <ex>inclose</ex> a town with walls.</as></def>

<blockquote>How many evils have <b>inclosed</b> me round!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put within a case, envelope, or the like; to fold (a thing) within another or into the same parcel; <as>as, to <ex>inclose</ex> a letter or a bank note</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>inclosed</b> copies of the treaty.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To separate from common grounds by a fence; <as>as, to <ex>inclose</ex> lands</as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To put into harness; to harness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They went to coach and their horse <b>inclose</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incloser</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*clos"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, incloses; one who fences off land from common grounds.</def>

<h1>Inclosure</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*clo"sure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Inclose</er>, <er>Enclosure</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>enclosure</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inclosing; the state of being inclosed, shut up, or encompassed; the separation of land from common ground by a fence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is inclosed or placed within something; a thing contained; a space inclosed or fenced up.</def>

<blockquote>Within the <b>inclosure</b> there was a great store of houses.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which incloses; a barrier or fence.</def>

<blockquote>Breaking our <b>inclosures</b> every morn.
<i>W. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incloud</h1>
<Xpage=744>

<hw>In*cloud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To envelop as in clouds; to darken; to obscure.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<hr>
<page="745">
Page 745<p>

<h1>Include</h1>
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<hw>In*clude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Included</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Including</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>includere</ets>, <ets>inclusum</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>claudere</ets> to shut. See <er>Close</er>, and cf. <er>Enclose</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To confine within; to hold; to contain; to shut up; to inclose; <as>as, the shell of a nut <ex>includes</ex> the kernel; a pearl is <ex>included</ex> in a shell.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To comprehend or comprise, as a genus the species, the whole a part, an argument or reason the inference; to contain; to embrace; <as>as, this volume of Shakespeare <ex>includes</ex> his sonnets; he was <ex>included</ex> in the invitation to the family; to and <ex>including</ex> page twenty-five.</as></def>
<-- usu. up to and including . . . -->

<blockquote>The whole <b>included</b> race, his purposed prey.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The loss of such a lord <b>includes</b> all harm.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To conclude; to end; to terminate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Come, let us go; we will <b>include</b> all jars
With triumphs, mirth, and rare solemnity.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To contain; inclose; comprise; comprehend; embrace; involve.</syn>

<h1>Included</h1>
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<hw>In*clud"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclosed; confined.</def>

<cs><col>Included stamens</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>such as are shorter than the floral envelopes, or are concealed within them.</cd></cs>

<h1>Includible</h1>
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<hw>In*clud"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being included.</def>

<h1>Inclusa</h1>
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<hw>In*clu"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>inclusus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>includere</ets> to shut in.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tribe of bivalve mollusks, characterized by the closed state of the mantle which envelops the body. The ship borer (<spn>Teredo navalis</spn>) is an example.</def>

<h1>Inclusion</h1>
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<hw>In*clu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inclusio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inclusion</ets>. See <er>Include</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of including, or the state of being included; limitation; restriction; <as>as, the lines of <ex>inclusion</ex> of his policy</as>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A foreign substance, either liquid or solid, usually of minute size, inclosed in the mass of a mineral.</def>

<h1>Inclusive</h1>
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<hw>In*clu"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inclusif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclosing; encircling; surrounding.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>inclusive</b> verge
Of golden metal that must round my brow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Comprehending the stated limit or extremes; <as>as, from Monday to Saturday <ex>inclusive</ex>, that is, taking in both Monday and Saturday</as>; -- opposed to <contr>exclusive</contr>.</def>
<-- see include, v.t. 2 -->

<h1>Inclusively</h1>
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<hw>In*clu"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inclusive manner.</def>

<h1>Incoach</h1>
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<hw>In*coach"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put a coach.</def>

<h1>Incoact, Incoacted</h1>
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<hw><hw>In`co*act"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`co*act"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incoactus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>coactus</ets> forced. See <er>Coact</er>.]</ety> <def>Not compelled; unconstrained.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Coles.</i>

<h1>Incoagulable</h1>
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<hw>In`co*ag"u*la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not coagulable.</def>

<h1>Incoalescence</h1>
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<hw>In`co*a*les"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of not coalescing.</def>

<h1>Incocted</h1>
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<hw>In*coct"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Concoct</er>.]</ety> <def>Raw; indigestible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Incoercible</h1>
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<hw>In`co*er"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>coercible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incoercible</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not to be coerced; incapable of being compelled or forced.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Not capable of being reduced to the form of a liquid by pressure; -- said of any gas above its <i>critical</i> point; -- also particularly of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide, formerly regarded as incapable of liquefaction at any temperature or pressure.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That can note be confined in, or excluded from, vessels, like ordinary fluids, gases, etc.; -- said of the imponderable fluids, heat, light, electricity, etc.</def>

<h1>Incoexistence</h1>
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<hw>In`co*ex*ist"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of not coexisting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Incog</h1>
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<hw>In*cog"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Incognito.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Depend upon it -- he'll remain <b>incog</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incogitable</h1>
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<hw>In*cog"i*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incogitabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>cogitabilis</ets> cogitable.]</ety> <def>Not cogitable; inconceivable.</def>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Incogitance, Incogitancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>In*cog"i*tance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*cog"i*tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incogitantia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of thought, or of the power of thinking; thoughtlessness; unreasonableness.</def>

<blockquote>'T is folly and <b>incogitancy</b> to argue anything, one way or the other, from the designs of a sort of beings with whom we so little communicate.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incogitant</h1>
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<hw>In*cog"i*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incogitans</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>cogitans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>cogitare</ets> to think. See <er>Cogitate</er>.]</ety> <def>Toughtless; inconsiderate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Men are careless and <b>incogitant</b>.
<i>J. Goodman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incogitantly</h1>
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<hw>In*cog"i*tant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an incogitant manner.</def>

<h1>Incogitative</h1>
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<hw>In*cog"i*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not cogitative; not thinking; wanting the power of thought; <as>as, a vegetable is an <ex>incogitative</ex> being</as>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Incogitativity</h1>
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<hw>In*cog`i*ta*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being incogitative; want of thought or of the power of thinking.</def>

<i>Wollaston.</i>

<h1>Incognita</h1>
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<hw>In*cog"ni*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Incognito</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A woman who is unknown or in disguise.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being in disguise; -- said of a woman.</def>

<h1>Incognitant</h1>
<Xpage=745>

<hw>In*cog"ni*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ignorant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Incognito</h1>
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<hw>In*cog"ni*to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. &or; adv.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>incognito</ets>, masc., <ets>incognita</ets>, fem., L. <ets>incognitus</ets> unknown; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>cognitus</ets> known, p. p. of <ets>cognoscere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incognito</ets>, fr. <er>It</er>. See <er>Cognition</er>.]</ety> <def>Without being known; in disguise; in an assumed character, or under an assumed title; -- said esp. of great personages who sometimes adopt a disguise or an assumed character in order to avoid notice.</def>

<blockquote>'T was long ago
Since gods come down <b>incognito</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The prince royal of Persia came thither <b>incognito</b>.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incognito</h1>
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<hw>In*cog"ni*to</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Incognitos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Incognito</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One unknown or in disguise, or under an assumed character or name.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The assumption of disguise or of a feigned character; the state of being in disguise or not recognized.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>incognito</b> was endangered.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incognizable</h1>
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<hw>In*cog"ni*za*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not cognizable; incapable of being recognized, known, or distinguished.</def>

<i>H. Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>The Lettish race, not a primitive stock of the Slavi, but a distinct branch, now become <b>incognizable</b>.
<i>Tooke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incognizance</h1>
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<hw>In*cog"ni*zance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Failure to cognize, apprehended, or notice.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>incognizance</b> may be explained.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incognizant</h1>
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<hw>In*cog"ni*zant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not cognizant; failing to apprehended or notice.</def>

<blockquote>Of the several operations themselves, as acts of volition, we are wholly <b>incognizant</b>.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incognoscible</h1>
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<hw>In`cog*nos"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incognizable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`cog*nos"ci*bil"i*ty</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Incoherence, Incoherency</h1>
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<hw><hw>In`co*her"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`co*her"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incoh\'82rence</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being incoherent; want of coherence; want of cohesion or adherence.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Want of connection; incongruity; inconsistency; want of agreement or dependence of one part on another; <as>as, the <ex>incoherence</ex> of arguments, facts, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Incoherences</b> in matter, and suppositions without proofs, put handsomely together, are apt to pass for strong reason.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is incoherent.</def>

<blockquote>Crude <b>incoherencies</b> . . . and nauseous tautologies.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incoherent</h1>
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<hw>In`co*her"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>coherent</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incoh\'82rent</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not coherent; wanting cohesion; loose; unconnected; physically disconnected; not fixed to each; -- said of material substances.</def>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wanting coherence or agreement; incongruous; inconsistent; having no dependence of one part on another; logically disconnected.</def> "The same rambling, <i>incoherent</i> manner."

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Incoherentific</h1>
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<hw>In`co*her`en*tif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[E. <ets>incoherent</ets> + L. <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Causing incoherence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Incoherently</h1>
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<hw>In`co*her"ent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an incoherent manner; without due connection of parts.</def>

<h1>Incoherentness</h1>
<Xpage=745>

<hw>In`co*her"ent*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Incoherence.</def>

<h1>Incoincidence</h1>
<Xpage=745>

<hw>In`co*in"ci*dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being incoincident; want of coincidence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Incoincident</h1>
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<hw>In`co*in"ci*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not coincident; not agreeing in time, in place, or principle.</def>

<h1>Incolumity</h1>
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<hw>In`co*lu"mi*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incolumitas</ets>, fr. <ets>incolumis</ets> uninjured, safe; perh. fr. <ets>in</ets> intens. + (doubtful) <ets>columis</ets> safe.]</ety> <def>Safety; security.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Incomber</h1>
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<hw>In*com"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Encumber</er>.</def>

<h1>Incombine</h1>
<Xpage=745>

<hw>In`com*bine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be incapable of combining; to disagree; to differ.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Incombustibility</h1>
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<hw>In`com*bus`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incombustilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being incombustible.</def>

<h1>Incombustible</h1>
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<hw>In`com*bus"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>combustible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incombustible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not combustible; not capable of being burned, decomposed, or consumed by fire; uninflammable; <as>as, asbestus is an <ex>incombustible</ex> substance; carbon dioxide is an <ex>incombustible</ex> gas.</as></def>

<cs><col>Incombustible cloth</col>, <cd>a tissue of amianthus or asbestus; also, a fabric imbued with an incombustible substance.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`com*bus"ti*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In`com*bus"ti*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Income</h1>
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<hw>In"come</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A coming in; entrance; admittance; ingress; infusion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>More abundant <b>incomes</b> of light and strength from God.
<i>Bp. Rust.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>At mine <b>income</b> I louted low.
<i>Drant.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is caused to enter; inspiration; influence; hence, courage or zeal imparted.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I would then make in and steep
My <b>income</b> in their blood.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That gain which proceeds from labor, business, property, or capital of any kind, as the produce of a farm, the rent of houses, the proceeds of professional business, the profits of commerce or of occupation, or the interest of money or stock in funds, etc.; revenue; receipts; salary; especially, the annual receipts of a private person, or a corporation, from property; <as>as, a large <ex>income</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>No fields afford
So large an <b>income</b> to the village lord.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>That which is taken into the body as food; the ingesta; -- sometimes restricted to the nutritive, or digestible, portion of the food. See <er>Food</er>. Opposed to <i>output</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Income bond</col>, <cd>a bond issued on the income of the corporation or company issuing it, and the interest of which is to be paid from the earnings of the company before any dividends are made to stockholders; -- issued chiefly or exclusively by railroad companies.</cd> -- <col>Income tax</col>, <cd>a tax upon a person's incomes, emoluments, profits, etc., or upon the excess beyond a certain amount.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Gain; profit; proceeds; salary; revenue; receipts; interest; emolument; produce.</syn>

<h1>Incomer</h1>
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<hw>In"com`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who comes in.</def>

<blockquote>Outgoers and <b>incomers</b>.
<i>Lew Wallace.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who succeeds another, as a tenant of land, houses, etc.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Incoming</h1>
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<hw>In"com`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Coming in; accruing.</def>

<blockquote>A full <b>incoming</b> profit on the product of his labor.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Coming in, succeeding, or following, as occupant or possessor; <as>as, in <ex>incoming</ex> tenant</as>.</def>

<h1>Incoming</h1>
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<hw>In"com`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of coming in; arrival.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>incomings</b> and outgoings of the trains.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Income; gain.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Many <b>incomings</b> are subject to great fluctuations.
<i>Tooke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incomity</h1>
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<hw>In*com"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of comity; incivility; rudeness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>In commendam</h1>
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<hw>In com*men"dam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Commendam</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Commendam</er>, and <cref>Partnership in Commendam</cref>, under <er>Partnership</er>.</def>

<h1>Incommensurability</h1>
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<hw>In`com*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incommensurabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being incommensurable.</def>

<i>Reid.</i>

<h1>Incommensurable</h1>
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<hw>In`com*men"su*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>commensurable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incommensurable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not commensurable; having no common measure or standard of comparison; <as>as, quantities are <ex>incommensurable</ex> when no third quantity can be found that is an aliquot part of both; the side and diagonal of a square are <ex>incommensurable</ex> with each other; the diameter and circumference of a circle are <ex>incommensurable</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>They are quantities <b>incommensurable</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`com*men"su*ra*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In`com*men"su*ra*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Incommensurable</h1>
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<hw>In`com*men"su*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of two or more quantities which have no common measure.</def>

<h1>Incommensurate</h1>
<Xpage=745>

<hw>In`com*men"su*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not commensurate; not admitting of a common measure; incommensurable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not of equal of sufficient measure or extent; not adequate; <as>as, our means are <ex>incommensurate</ex> to our wants</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Inadequate; insufficient; disproportionate.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`com*men"su*rate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In`com*men"su*rate*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Incommiscible</h1>
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<hw>In`com*mis"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incommiscibilis</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>commiscibilis</ets> that can be mingled.]</ety> <def>Not commiscible; not mixable.</def>

<h1>Incommixture</h1>
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<hw>In`com*mix"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being unmixed; separateness.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Incommodate</h1>
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<hw>In*com"mo*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incommodated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Incommodating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>incommodare</ets>. See <er>Incommode</er>.]</ety> <def>To incommode.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Incommodation</h1>
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<hw>In*com`mo*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being incommoded; inconvenience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Incommode</h1>
<Xpage=745>

<hw>In`com*mode"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incommoded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Incommoding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>incommoder</ets>, L. <ets>incommodare</ets> inconvenient; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>commodus</ets> convenient. See <er>Commodious</er>.]</ety> <def>To give inconvenience or trouble to; to disturb or molest; to discommode; to worry; to put out; <as>as, we are <ex>incommoded</ex> by want of room</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To annoy; disturb; trouble; molest; disaccomodate; inconvenience; disquiet; vex; plague.</syn>

<h1>Incommode</h1>
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<hw>In`com*mode"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inconvenience.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Strype.</i>

<h1>Incommodement</h1>
<Xpage=745>

<hw>In`com*mode"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of incommoded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Incommodious</h1>
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<hw>In`com*mo"di*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>commodious</ets>: cf. LL. <ets>incommodious</ets>, L. <ets>incommodus</ets>, F. <ets>incommode</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to incommode; not commodious; not affording ease or advantage; unsuitable; giving trouble; inconvenient; annoying; <as>as, an <ex>incommodious</ex> seat; an <ex>incommodious</ex> arrangement.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`com*mo"di*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In`com*mo"di*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Incommodity</h1>
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<hw>In`com*mo"di*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Incommodities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>incommoditas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incommodit\'82</ets>. See <er>Incommodious</er>.]</ety> <def>Inconvenience; trouble; annoyance; disadvantage; encumbrance.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bunyan.</i>

<blockquote>A great <b>incommodity</b> to the body.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Buried him under a bulk of <b>incommodities</b>.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incommunicability</h1>
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<hw>In`com*mu`ni*ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incommunicabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being incommunicable, or incapable of being imparted.</def>

<h1>Incommunicable</h1>
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<hw>In`com*mu"ni*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incommunicabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incommunicable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Communicable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not communicable; incapable of being communicated, shared, told, or imparted, to others.</def>

<blockquote>Health and understanding are <b>incommunicable</b>.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those <b>incommunicable</b> relations of the divine love.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`com*mu"ni*ca*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In`com*mu"ni*ca*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Incommunicated</h1>
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<hw>In`com*mu"ni*ca`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not communicated or imparted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Incommunicating</h1>
<Xpage=745>

<hw>In`com*mu"ni*ca`ting</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no communion or intercourse with each other.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Incommunicative</h1>
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<hw>In`com*mu"ni*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not communicative; not free or apt to impart to others in conversation; reserved; silent; <as>as, the messenger was <ex>incommunicative</ex></as>; hence, not disposed to hold fellowship or intercourse with others; exclusive.</def>

<blockquote>The Chinese . . . an <b>incommunicative</b> nation.
<i>C. Buchanan.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`com*mu"ni*ca*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In`com*mu"ni*ca*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<blockquote>His usual <b>incommunicativeness</b>.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incommutability</h1>
<Xpage=745>

<hw>In`com*mu`ta*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incommutabilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incommutabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being incommutable.</def>

<h1>Incommutable</h1>
<Xpage=745>

<hw>In`com*mut"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incommutabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incommutable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Commutable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not commutable; not capable of being exchanged with, or substituted for, another.</def> <i>Cudworth</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In`com*mut"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In`com*mut"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Incompact, Incompacted</h1>
<Xpage=745>

<hw><hw>In`com*pact"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`com*pact"ed</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not compact; not having the parts firmly united; not solid; incoherent; loose; discrete.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Incomparable</h1>
<Xpage=745>

<hw>In*com"pa*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incomparabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incomparable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Comparable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not comparable; admitting of no comparison with others; unapproachably eminent; without a peer or equal; matchless; peerless; transcendent.</def>

<blockquote>A merchant of <b>incomparable</b> wealth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A new hypothesis . . . which hath the <b>incomparable</b> Sir Isaac Newton for a patron.
<i>Bp. Warburton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*com"pa*ra*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In*com"pa*ra*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Delights <b>incomparably</b> all those corporeal things.
<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incompared</h1>
<Xpage=745>

<hw>In`com*pared"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Peerless; incomparable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Incompass</h1>
<Xpage=745>

<hw>In*com"pass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Encompass</er>.</def>

<h1>Incompassion</h1>
<Xpage=745>

<hw>In`com*pas"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>compassion</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incompassion</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of compassion or pity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Sanderson.</i>

<h1>Incompassionate</h1>
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<hw>In`com*pas"sion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not compassionate; void of pity or of tenderness; remorseless.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`com*pas"sion*ate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In`com*pas"sion*ate*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Incompatibility</h1>
<Xpage=745>

<hw>In`com*pat`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ties</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incompatibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being incompatible; inconsistency; irreconcilableness.</def>

<h1>Incompatible</h1>
<Xpage=745>

<hw>In`com*pat"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>compatible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incompatible</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[It was formerly sometimes written <asp>incompetible</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not compatible; so differing as to be incapable of harmonious combination or coexistence; inconsistent in thought or being; irreconcilably disagreeing; <as>as, persons of <ex>incompatible</ex> tempers; <ex>incompatible</ex> colors, desires, ambition.</as></def>

<blockquote>A strength and obduracy of character <b>incompatible</b> with his meek and innocent nature.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="746">
Page 746<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Incapable of being together without mutual reaction or decomposition, as certain medicines.</def>

<cs><col>Incompatible terms</col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>terms which can not be combined in thought.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Inconsistent; incongruous; dissimilar; irreconcilable; unsuitable; disagreeing; inharmonious; discordant; repugnant; contradictory. See <er>Inconsistent</er>.</syn>

<h1>Incompatible</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`com*pat"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med. & Chem.)</fld> <def>An incompatible substance; esp., in <pluf>pl.</pluf>, things which can not be placed or used together because of a change of chemical composition or of opposing medicinal qualities; <as>as, the <ex>incompatibles</ex> of iron</as>.</def>

<h1>Incompatibleness</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`com*pat"i*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being incompatible; incompatibility.</def>

<h1>Incompatibly</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`com*pat"i*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an incompatible manner; inconsistently; incongruously.</def>

<h1>Incompetence, Incompetency</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw><hw>In*com"pe*tence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*com"pe*tency</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incomp\'82tence</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being incompetent; want of physical, intellectual, or moral ability; insufficiency; inadequacy; <as>as, the <ex>incompetency</ex> of a child hard labor, or of an idiot for intellectual efforts</as>.</def> "Some inherent <i>incompetency</i>."

<i>Gladstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Want of competency or legal fitness; incapacity; disqualification, as of a person to be heard as a witness, or to act as a juror, or of a judge to try a cause.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Inability; insufficiency; inadequacy; disqualification; incapability; unfitness.</syn>

<h1>Incompetent</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In*com"pe*tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incompetens</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incomp\'82tent</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Competent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not competent; wanting in adequate strength, power, capacity, means, qualifications, or the like; incapable; unable; inadequate; unfit.</def>

<blockquote><b>Incompetent</b> to perform the duties of the place.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Wanting the legal or constitutional qualifications; inadmissible; <as>as, a person professedly wanting in religious belief is an <ex>incompetent</ex> witness in a court of law or equity; <ex>incompetent</ex> evidence.</as></def>

<blockquote>Richard III. had a resolution, out of hatred to his brethren, to disable their issues, upon false and <b>incompetent</b> pretexts, the one of attainder, the other of illegitimation.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not lying within one's competency, capacity, or authorized power; not permissible.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Incapable; unable; inadequate; insufficient; inefficient; disqualified; unfit; improper.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Incompetent</er>, <er>Incapable</er>. <i>Incompetent</i> is a relative term, denoting a want of the requisite qualifications for performing a given act, service, etc.; <i>incapable</i> is absolute in its meaning, denoting want of power, either natural or moral. We speak of a man as <i>incompetent</i> to a certain task, of an <i>incompetent</i> judge, etc. We say of an idiot that he is <i>incapable</i> of learning to read; and of a man distinguished for his honor, that he is <i>incapable</i> of a mean action.</usage>

<h1>Incompetently</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In*com"pe*tent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an competent manner; inadequately; unsuitably.</def>

<h1>Incompetibility</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`com*pet`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Incompatibility</er>.</def>

<h1>Incompetible</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`com*pet"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Incompatible</er>.</def>

<h1>Incomplete</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`com*plete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incompletus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incomplet</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Complete</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not complete; not filled up; not finished; not having all its parts, or not having them all adjusted; imperfect; defective.</def>

<blockquote>A most imperfect and <b>incomplete</b> divine.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Wanting any of the usual floral organs; -- said of a flower.</def>

<cs><col>Incomplete equation</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>an equation some of whose terms are wanting; or one in which the coefficient of some one or more of the powers of the unknown quantity is equal to 0.</cd></cs>

<h1>Incompletely</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`com*plete"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an incomplete manner.</def>

<h1>Incompleteness</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`com*plete"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being incomplete; imperfectness; defectiveness.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Incompletion</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`com*ple"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of completion; incompleteness.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Incomplex</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`com*plex"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>complex</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incomplexe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not complex; uncompounded; simple.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Incompliable</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`com*pli"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not compliable; not conformable.</def>

<h1>Incompliance</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`com*pli"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being incompliant; unyielding temper; obstinacy.</def>

<blockquote>Self-conceit produces peevishness and <b>incompliance</b> of humor in things lawful and indifferent.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Refusal or failure to comply.</def>

<i>Strype.</i>

<h1>Incompliant</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`com*pli"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not compliant; unyielding to request, solicitation, or command; stubborn.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`com*pli"ant*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Incomposed</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`com*posed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disordered; disturbed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Milton</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In`com*po"sed*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wf>In`com*pos"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Incomposite</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`com*pos"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incompositus</ets>. See <er>Composite</er>.]</ety> <def>Not composite; uncompounded; simple.</def>

<cs><col>Incomposite numbers</col>. <cd>See <cref>Prime numbers</cref>, under <er>Prime</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Incompossible</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`com*pos"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>compossible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incompossible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not capable of joint existence; incompatible; inconsistent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ambition and faith . . . are . . . <b>incompossible</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`com*pos`si*bil"i*ty</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Incomprehense</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In*com`pre*hense"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incomprehensus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incomprehensible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Incomprehense</i> in virtue."

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Incomprehensibility</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In*com`pre*hen`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incompr\'82hensibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being incomprehensible, or beyond the reach of human intellect; incomprehensibleness; inconceivability; inexplicability.</def>

<blockquote>The constant, universal sense of all antiquity unanimously confessing an <b>incomprehensibility</b> in many of the articles of the Christian faith.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incomprehensible</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In*com`pre*hen"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incomprehensibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incompr\'82hensible</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Comprehensible</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not capable of being contained within limits.</def>

<blockquote>An infinite and <b>incomprehensible</b> substance.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not capable of being comprehended or understood; beyond the reach of the human intellect; inconceivable.</def>

<blockquote>And all her numbered stars that seem to roll
Spaces <b>incomprehensible</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*com`pre*hen"si*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In*com`pre*hen"si*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Incomprehension</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In*com`pre*hen"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of comprehension or understanding.</def> "These mazes and <i>incomprehensions</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Incomprehensive</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In*com`pre*hen"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not comprehensive; not capable of including or of understanding; not extensive; limited.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In*com`pre*hen"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>a.</tt> <i>Sir W. Hamilton</i>. -- <wf>In*com`pre*hen"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <i>T. Warton</i>.</wordforms>

<h1>Incompressibility</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`com*press`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incompressibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being incompressible, or incapable of reduction in volume by pressure; -- formerly supposed to be a property of liquids.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>incompressibility</b> of water is not absolute.
<i>Rees.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incompressible</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`com*press"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>compressible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incompressible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not compressible; incapable of being reduced by force or pressure into a smaller compass or volume; resisting compression; <as>as, many liquids and solids appear to be almost <ex>incompressible</ex></as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`com*press"i*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Incomputable</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`com*put"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not computable.</def>

<h1>Inconcealable</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*ceal"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not concealable.</def> "<i>Inconcealable</i> imperfections."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Inconceivability</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*ceiv`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being inconceivable; inconceivableness.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>inconceivability</b> of the Infinite.
<i>Mansel.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inconceivable</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*ceiv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>conceivable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inconcevable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not conceivable; incapable of being conceived by the mind; not explicable by the human intellect, or by any known principles or agencies; incomprehensible; <as>as, it is <ex>inconceivable</ex> to us how the will acts in producing muscular motion</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It is <b>inconceivable</b> to me that a spiritual substance should represent an extended figure.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`con*ceiv"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In`con*ceiv"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>The <b>inconceivableness</b> of a quality existing without any subject to possess it.
<i>A. Tucker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inconceptible</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*cep"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inconceivable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Inconcerning</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*cern"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unimportant; trifling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Trifling and <i>inconcerning</i> matters."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Inconcinne</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*cinne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Inconcinnous</er>.]</ety> <def>Dissimilar; incongruous; unsuitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Inconcinnity</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*cin"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inconcinnitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of concinnity or congruousness; unsuitableness.</def>

<blockquote>There is an <b>inconcinnity</b> in admitting these words.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inconcinnous</h1>
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<hw>In`con*cin"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inconcinnus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Concinnity</er>.]</ety> <def>Not concinnous; unsuitable; discordant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Inconcludent</h1>
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<hw>In`con*clud"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not inferring a conclusion or consequence; not conclusive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inconcluding</h1>
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<hw>In`con*clud"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inferring no consequence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inconclusive</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*clu"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not conclusive; leading to no conclusion; not closing or settling a point in debate, or a doubtful question; <as>as, evidence is <ex>inconclusive</ex> when it does not exhibit the truth of a disputed case in such a manner as to satisfy the mind, and put an end to debate or doubt</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Arguments . . . <b>inconclusive</b> and impertinent.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`con*clu"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In`con*clu"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inconcoct</h1>
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<hw>In`con*coct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>concoctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>concoquere</ets>. See <er>Concoct</er>.]</ety> <def>Inconcocted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inconcocted</h1>
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<hw>In`con*coct"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>concocted</ets>.]</ety> <def>Imperfectly digested, matured, or ripened.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Inconcoction</h1>
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<hw>In`con*coc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being undigested; unripeness; immaturity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Inconcrete</h1>
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<hw>In*con"crete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inconcretus</ets> incorporeal.]</ety> <def>Not concrete.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>L. Andrews.</i>

<h1>Inconcurring</h1>
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<hw>In`con*cur"ring</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not concurring; disagreeing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Inconcussible</h1>
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<hw>In`con*cus"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + L. <ets>concussibilis</ets> that can be shaken. See <er>Concussion</er>.]</ety> <def>Not concussible; that cannot be shaken.</def>

<h1>Incondensability, Incondensibility</h1>
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<hw><hw>In`con*den`sa*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`con*den`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being incondensable.</def>

<h1>Incondensable, Incondensible</h1>
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<hw><hw>In`con*den"sa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`con*den"si*ble</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not condensable; incapable of being made more dense or compact, or reduced to liquid form.</def>

<h1>Incondite</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In"con*dite</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inconditus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>conditus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>condere</ets> to put or join together. See <er>Condition</er>.]</ety> <def>Badly put together; inartificial; rude; unpolished; irregular.</def> "Carol <i>incondite</i> rhymes."

<i>J. Philips.</i>

<h1>Inconditional</h1>
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<hw>In`con*di"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>conditional</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inconditionnel</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unconditional.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Inconditionate</h1>
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<hw>In`con*di"tion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>conditionate</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inconditionn\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not conditioned; not limited; absolute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Inconform</h1>
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<hw>In`con*form"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>conform</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unconformable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gauden.</i>

<h1>Inconformable</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*form"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unconformable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inconformity</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*form"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inconformit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of conformity; nonconformity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inconfused</h1>
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<hw>In`con*fused"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not confused; distinct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inconfusion</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*fu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Freedom from confusion; distinctness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Inconfutable</h1>
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<hw>In`con*fut"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not confutable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`con*fut"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Incongealable</h1>
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<hw>In`con*geal"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incongelabilis</ets>. See <er>Congeal</er>.]</ety> <def>Not congealable; incapable of being congealed.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`con*geal"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Incongenial</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*gen"ial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not congenial; uncongenial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>In`con*ge`ni*al"i*ty</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>. <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>
<-- no POS in original for -ity -->

<h1>Incongruence</h1>
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<hw>In*con"gru*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incongruentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of congruence; incongruity.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Incongruent</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In*con"gru*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incongruens</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Congruent</er>.]</ety> <def>Incongruous.</def>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Incongruity</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*gru"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Incongruities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>congruity</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incongruit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being incongruous; want of congruity; unsuitableness; inconsistency; impropriety.</def>

<blockquote>The fathers make use of this acknowledgment of the <b>incongruity</b> of images to the Deity, from thence to prove the <b>incongruity</b> of the worship of them.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disagreement of parts; want of symmetry or of harmony.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is incongruous; want of congruity.</def>

<h1>Incongruous</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In*con"gru*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incongruus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Congruous</er>.]</ety> <def>Not congruous; reciprocally disagreeing; not capable of harmonizing or readily assimilating; inharmonious; inappropriate; unsuitable; not fitting; inconsistent; improper; <as>as, an <ex>incongruous</ex> remark; <ex>incongruous</ex> behavior, action, dress, etc.</as></def> "<i>Incongruous</i> mixtures of opinions." <i>I. Taylor</i>. "Made up of <i>incongruous</i> parts."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>Incongruous denotes that kind of absence of harmony or suitableness of which the taste and experience of men takes cognizance.
<i>C. J. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Incongruous numbers</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>two numbers, which, with respect to a third, are such that their difference can not be divided by it without a remainder, the two numbers being said to be <i>incongruous<i> with respect to the third; as, twenty-five are <i>incongruous<i> with respect to four.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Inconsistent; unsuitable; inharmonious; disagreeing; absurd; inappropriate; unfit; improper. See <er>Inconsistent</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*con"gru*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In*con"gru*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inconnected</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*nect"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not connected; disconnected.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Inconnection</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*nec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disconnection.</def>

<h1>Inconnexedly</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*nex"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>connexed</ets> (p. p. of <ets>connex</ets>) + <ets>-ly</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not connectedly; without connection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Inconscionable</h1>
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<hw>In*con"scion*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unconscionable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Inconscious</h1>
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<hw>In*con"scious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unconscious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inconsecutiveness</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*sec"u*tive*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of not being consecutive.</def>

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<h1>Inconsequence</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In*con"se*quence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inconsequentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incons\'82quence</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being inconsequent; want of just or logical inference or argument; inconclusiveness.</def>

<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i>

<blockquote>Strange, that you should not see the <b>inconsequence</b> of your own reasoning!
<i>Bp. Hurd.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inconsequent</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In*con"se*quent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inconsequens</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incons\'82quent</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Consequent</er>.]</ety> <def>Not following from the premises; not regularly inferred; invalid; not characterized by logical method; illogical; arbitrary; inconsistent; of no consequence.</def>

<blockquote>Loose and <b>inconsequent</b> conjectures.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inconsequential</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In*con`se*quen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not regularly following from the premises; hence, irrelevant; unimportant; of no consequence.</def> <i>Chesterfield</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In*con`se*quen"tial*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inconsequentiality</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In*con`se*quen`ti*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being inconsequential.</def>

<h1>Inconsequentness</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In*con"se*quent*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inconsequence.</def>

<h1>Inconsiderable</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*sid"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not considerable; unworthy of consideration or notice; unimportant; small; trivial; <as>as, an <ex>inconsiderable</ex> distance; an <ex>inconsiderable</ex> quantity, degree, value, or sum.</as></def>  "The baser scum and <i>inconsiderable</i> dregs of Rome." <i>Stepney</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In`con*sid"er*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In`con*sid"er*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inconsideracy</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*sid"er*a*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inconsiderateness; thoughtlessness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Inconsiderate</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*sid"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inconsideratus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Considerate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not considerate; not attentive to safety or to propriety; not regarding the rights or feelings of others; hasty; careless; thoughtless; heedless; <as>as, the young are generally <ex>inconsiderate</ex>; <ex>inconsiderate</ex> conduct.</as></def>

<blockquote>It is a very unhappy token of our corruption, that ther<?/ should be any so <b>inconsiderate</b> among us as to sacrifice morality to politics.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inconsiderable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Terry.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Thoughtless; inattentive; inadvertent; heedless; negligent; improvident; careless; imprudent; indiscreet; incautious; injudicious; rash; hasty.</syn>

<h1>Inconsiderately</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*sid"er*ate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inconsiderate manner.</def>

<h1>Inconsiderateness</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*sid"er*ate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being inconsiderate.</def>

<i>Tillotson.</i>

<h1>Inconsideration</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*sid`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inconsideratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inconsid\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of due consideration; inattention to consequences; inconsiderateness.</def>

<blockquote>Blindness of mind, <b>inconsideration</b>, precipitation.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Not gross, willful, deliberate, crimes; but rather the effects of <b>inconsideration</b>.
<i>Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inconsistence</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*sist"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inconsistency.</def>

<h1>Inconsistency</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*sist"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Inconsistencies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inconsistance</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being inconsistent; discordance in respect to sentiment or action; such contrariety between two things that both can not exist or be true together; disagreement; incompatibility.</def>

<blockquote>There is a perfect <b>inconsistency</b> between that which is of debt and that which is of free gift.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Absurdity in argument ore narration; incoherence or irreconcilability in the parts of a statement, argument, or narration; that which is inconsistent.</def>

<blockquote>If a man would register all his opinions upon love, politics, religion, and learning, what a bundle of <b>inconsistencies</b> and contradictions would appear at last!
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Want of stability or uniformity; unsteadiness; changeableness; variableness.</def>

<blockquote>Mutability of temper, and <b>inconsistency</b> with ourselves, is the greatest weakness of human nature.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inconsistent</h1>
<Xpage=746>

<hw>In`con*sist"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>consistent</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inconsistant</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not consistent; showing inconsistency; irreconcilable; discordant; at variance, esp. as regards character, sentiment, or action; incompatible; incongruous; contradictory.</def>

<hr>
<page="747">
Page 747<p>

<blockquote>Compositions of this nature . . . show that wisdom and virtue are far from being <b>inconsistent</b> with politeness and good humor.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not exhibiting uniformity of sentiment, steadiness to principle, etc.; unequal; fickle; changeable.</def>

<blockquote>Ah, how unjust to nature, and himself,
Is thoughtless, thankless, <b>inconsistent</b> man.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Incompatible; incongruous; irreconcilable; discordant; repugnant; contradictory.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Inconsistent</er>, <er>Incongruous</er>, <er>Incompatible</er>. Things are <i>incongruous</i> when they are not suited to each other, so that their union is unbecoming; <i>inconsistent</i> when they are opposed to each other, so as render it improper or wrong; <i>incompatible</i> when they <i>can not</i> coexist, and it is therefore impossible to unite them. Habitual levity of mind is <i>incongruous</i> with the profession of a clergyman; it is <i>inconsistent</i> with his ordination vows; it is <i>incompatible</i> with his permanent usefulness. <i>Incongruity</i> attaches to the modes and qualities of things; <i>incompatibility</i> attaches to their essential attributes; <i>inconsistency</i> attaches to the actions, sentiments, etc., of men.</usage>

<h1>Inconsistently</h1>
<Xpage=747>

<hw>In`con*sist"ent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inconsistent manner.</def>

<h1>Inconsistentness</h1>
<Xpage=747>

<hw>In`con*sist"ent*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inconsistency.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Inconsisting</h1>
<Xpage=747>

<hw>In`con*sist"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inconsistent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inconsolable</h1>
<Xpage=747>

<hw>In`con*sol"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inconsolabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inconsolable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Console</er>.]</ety> <def>Not consolable; incapable of being consoled; grieved beyond susceptibility of comfort; disconsolate.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>With <b>inconsolable</b> distress she griev'd,
And from her cheek the rose of beauty fied.
<i>Falconer.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`con*sol"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In`con*sol"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inconsonance, Inconsonancy</h1>
<Xpage=747>

<hw><hw>In*con"so*nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*con"so*nan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of consonance or harmony of sound, action, or thought; disagreement.</def>

<h1>Inconsonant</h1>
<Xpage=747>

<hw>In*con"so*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inconsonans</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Consonant</er>.]</ety> <def>Not consonant or agreeing; inconsistent; discordant.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In*con"so*nant*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inconspicuous</h1>
<Xpage=747>

<hw>In`con*spic"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inconspicuus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Conspicuous</er>.]</ety> <def>Not conspicuous or noticeable; hardly discernible.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`con*spic"u*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In`con*spic"u*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Inconstance</h1>
<Xpage=747>

<hw>In*con"stance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Inconstancy</er>.]</ety> <def>Inconstancy.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Inconstancy</h1>
<Xpage=747>

<hw>In*con"stan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inconstantia</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being inconstant; want of constancy; mutability; fickleness; variableness.</def>

<blockquote>For unto knight there was no greater shame,
Than lightness and <b>inconstancie</b> in love.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inconstant</h1>
<Xpage=747>

<hw>In*con"stant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inconstans</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inconstant</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Constant</er>.]</ety> <def>Not constant; not stable or uniform; subject to change of character, appearance, opinion, inclination, or purpose, etc.; not firm; unsteady; fickle; changeable; variable; -- said of persons or things; <as>as, <ex>inconstant</ex> in love or friendship</as>.</def> "The <i>inconstant</i> moon."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>While we, inquiring phantoms of a day,
<b>Inconstant</b> as the shadows we survey!
<i>Boyse.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Mutable; fickle; volatile; unsteady; unstable; changeable; variable; wavering; fluctuating.</syn>

<h1>Inconstantly</h1>
<Xpage=747>

<hw>In*con"stant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inconstant manner.</def>

<h1>Incomsumable</h1>
<Xpage=747>

<hw>In`com*sum"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not consumable; incapable of being consumed, wasted, or spent.</def> <i>Paley</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In`con*sum"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inconsummate</h1>
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<hw>In`con*sum"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inconsummatus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Consummate</er>.]</ety> <def>Not consummated; not finished; incomplete.</def> <i>Sir M. Hale</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In`con*sum"mate*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inconsumptible</h1>
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<hw>In`con*sump"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inconsumptibilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Inconsumable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir K. Digby.</i>

<h1>Incontaminate</h1>
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<hw>In`con*tam"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incontamina<?/us</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and not, and <er>Contaminate</er>.]</ety> <def>Not contaminated; pure.</def> <i>Moore</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In`con*tam"i*nate*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Incontentation</h1>
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<hw>In*con`ten*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Content</er>.]</ety> <def>Discontent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Goodwin.</i>

<h1>Incontestability</h1>
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<hw>In`con*test`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being incontestable.</def>

<h1>Incontestable</h1>
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<hw>In`con*test"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>contestable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incontestable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not contestable; not to be disputed; that cannot be called in question or controverted; incontrovertible; indisputable; <as>as, <ex>incontestable</ex> evidence, truth, or facts</as>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Incontrovertible; indisputable; irrefragable; undeniable; unquestionable; intuitable; certain.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`con*test"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In`con*test"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Incontested</h1>
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<hw>In`con*test"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not contested.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Incontiguous</h1>
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<hw>In`con*tig"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incontiguus</ets> that can not be touched. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Contiguous</er>.]</ety> <def>Not contiguous; not adjoining or in contact; separate.</def> <i>Boyle</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In`con*tig"u*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Incontinence, Incontinency</h1>
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<hw><hw>In*con"ti*nence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*con"ti*nen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incontinentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incontinence</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Incapacity to hold; hence, incapacity to hold back or restrain; the quality or state of being incontinent; want of continence; failure to restrain the passions or appetites; indulgence of lust; lewdness.</def>

<blockquote>That Satan tempt you not for your <b>incontinency</b>.
<i>1 Cor. vii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>From the rash hand of bold <b>incontinence</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The inability of any of the animal organs to restrain the natural evacuations, so that the discharges are involuntary; <as>as, <ex>incontinence</ex> of urine</as>.</def>

<h1>Incontinent</h1>
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<hw>In*con"ti*nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incontinens</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incontinent</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Continent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not continent; uncontrolled; not restraining the passions or appetites, particularly the sexual appetite; indulging unlawful lust; unchaste; lewd.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Unable to restrain natural evacuations.</def>

<h1>Incontinent</h1>
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<hw>In*con"ti*nent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is unchaste.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Incontinent</h1>
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<hw>In*con"ti*nent</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incontinent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incontinently; instantly immediately.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He says he will return <b>incontinent</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incontinently</h1>
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<hw>In*con"ti*nent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an incontinent manner; without restraint, or without due restraint; -- used esp. of the passions or appetites.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Immediately; at once; forthwith.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Immediately he sent word to Athens that he would <b>incontinently</b> come hither with a host of men.
<i>Golding.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incontracted</h1>
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<hw>In`con*tract"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Uncontracted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blackwall.</i>

<h1>Incontrollable</h1>
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<hw>In`con*trol"la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>controllable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incontr\'93lable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not controllable; uncontrollable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`con*trol"la*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Incontrovertibility</h1>
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<hw>In*con`tro*ver`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of being incontrovertible.</def>

<h1>Incontrovertible</h1>
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<hw>In*con`tro*ver"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not controvertible; too clear or certain to admit of dispute; indisputable.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In*con`tro*ver"ti*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In*con`tro*ver"ti*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inconvenience</h1>
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<hw>In`con*ven"ience</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inconvenientia</ets> inconsistency: cf. OF. <ets>inconvenience</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or condition of being inconvenient; want of convenience; unfitness; unsuitableness; inexpediency; awkwardness; <as>as, the <ex>inconvenience</ex> of the arrangement</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They plead against the <b>inconvenience</b>, not the unlawfulness, . . . of ceremonies in burial.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which gives trouble, embarrassment, or uneasiness; disadvantage; anything that disturbs quiet, impedes prosperity, or increases the difficulty of action or success; <as>as, one <ex>inconvenience</ex> of life is poverty</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A place upon the top of Mount Athos above all clouds of rain, or other <b>inconvenience</b>.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Man is liable to a great many <b>inconveniences</b>.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Incommodiousness; awkwardness; disadvantage; disquiet; uneasiness; disturbance; annoyance.</syn>

<h1>Inconvenience</h1>
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<hw>In`con*ven"ience</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put to inconvenience; to incommode; <as>as, to <ex>inconvenience</ex> a neighbor</as>.</def>

<h1>Inconveniency</h1>
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<hw>In`con*ven"ien*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inconvenience.</def>

<h1>Inconvenient</h1>
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<hw>In`con*ven"ient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inconveniens</ets> unbefitting: cf. F. <ets>inconv\'82nient</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Convenient</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not becoming or suitable; unfit; inexpedient.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not convenient; giving trouble, uneasiness, or annoyance; hindering progress or success; uncomfortable; disadvantageous; incommodious; inopportune; <as>as, an <ex>inconvenient</ex> house, garment, arrangement, or time</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Unsuitable; uncomfortable; disaccommodating; awkward; unseasonable; inopportune; incommodious; disadvantageous; troublesome; cumbersome; embarrassing; objectionable.</syn>

<h1>Inconveniently</h1>
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<hw>In`con*ven"ient*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inconvenient manner; incommodiously; unsuitably; unseasonably.</def>

<h1>Inconversable</h1>
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<hw>In`con*vers"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incommunicative; unsocial; reserved.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inconversant</h1>
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<hw>In*con"ver*sant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not conversant; not acquainted; not versed; unfamiliar.</def>

<h1>Inconverted</h1>
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<hw>In`con*vert"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not turned or changed about.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Inconvertibility</h1>
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<hw>In`con*vert`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inconvertibilitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being inconvertible; not capable of being exchanged for, or converted into, something else; <as>as, the <ex>inconvertibility</ex> of an irredeemable currency, or of lead, into gold</as>.</def>

<h1>Inconvertible</h1>
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<hw>In`con*vert"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inconvertibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inconvertible</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Convertible</er>.]</ety> <def>Not convertible; not capable of being transmuted, changed into, or exchanged for, something else; <as>as, one metal is <ex>inconvertible</ex> into another; bank notes are sometimes <ex>inconvertible</ex> into specie.</as></def>

<i>Walsh.</i>

<h1>Inconvertibleness</h1>
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<hw>In`con*vert"i*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inconvertibility.</def>

<h1>Inconvertibly</h1>
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<hw>In`con*vert"i*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inconvertible manner.</def>

<h1>Inconvincible</h1>
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<hw>In`con*vin"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inconvincibilis</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Convince</er>.]</ety> <def>Not convincible; incapable of being convinced.</def>

<blockquote>None are so <b>inconvincible</b> as your half-witted people.
<i>Gov. of the Tongue.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inconvincibly</h1>
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<hw>In`con*vin"ci*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner not admitting of being convinced.</def>

<h1>Incony</h1>
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<hw>In*co"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Conny</er>, <er>Canny</er>.]</ety> <def>Unlearned; artless; pretty; delicate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Most sweet jests! most <b>incony</b> vulgar wit!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inco\'94rdinate</h1>
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<hw>In`co*\'94r"di*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not co\'94rdinate.</def>

<h1>Inco\'94rdination</h1>
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<hw>In`co*\'94r`di*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of co\'94rdination; lack of harmonious adjustment or action.</def>

<cs><col>Inco\'94rdination of muscular movement</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>irregularity in movements resulting from inharmonious action of the muscles in consequence of loss of voluntary control over them.</cd></cs>

<h1>Incoronate</h1>
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<hw>In*cor"o*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>coronate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Crowned.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Incorporal</h1>
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<hw>In*cor"po*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incorporalis</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Corporal</er>, and cf. <er>Incorporeal</er>.]</ety> <def>Immaterial; incorporeal; spiritual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Incorporality</h1>
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<hw>In*cor`po*ral"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incorporalitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incorporalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incorporeality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Incorporally</h1>
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<hw>In*cor"po*ral*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Incorporeally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Incorporate</h1>
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<hw>In*cor"po*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incorporatus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Corporate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not consisting of matter; not having a material body; incorporeal; spiritual.</def>

<blockquote>Moses forbore to speak of angles, and things invisible, and <b>incorporate</b>.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not incorporated; not existing as a corporation; <as>as, an <ex>incorporate</ex> banking association</as>.</def>

<h1>Incorporate</h1>
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<hw>In*cor"po*rate</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incorporatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>incorporare</ets> to incorporate; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>corporare</ets> to make into a body. See <er>Corporate</er>.]</ety> <def>Corporate; incorporated; made one body, or united in one body; associated; mixed together; combined; embodied.</def>

<blockquote>As if our hands, our sides, voices, and minds
Had been <b>incorporate</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A fifteenth part of silver <b>incorporate</b> with gold.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incorporate</h1>
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<hw>In*cor"po*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incorporated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Incorporating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To form into a body; to combine, as different ingredients. into one consistent mass.</def>

<blockquote>By your leaves, you shall not stay alone,
Till holy church <b>incorporate</b> two in one.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To unite with a material body; to give a material form to; to embody.</def>

<blockquote>The idolaters, who worshiped their images as golds, supposed some spirit to be <b>incorporated</b> therein.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To unite with, or introduce into, a mass already formed; <as>as, to <ex>incorporate</ex> copper with silver</as>; -- used with <i>with</i> and <i>into</i>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To unite intimately; to blend; to assimilate; to combine into a structure or organization, whether material or mental; <as>as, to <ex>incorporate</ex> provinces into the realm; to <ex>incorporate</ex> another's ideas into one's work.</as></def>

<blockquote>The Romans did not subdue a country to put the inhabitants to fire and sword, but to <b>incorporate</b> them into their own community.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To form into a legal body, or body politic; to constitute into a corporation recognized by law, with special functions, rights, duties and liabilities; <as>as, to <ex>incorporate</ex> a bank, a railroad company, a city or town, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Incorporate</h1>
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<hw>In*cor"po*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To unite in one body so as to make a part of it; to be mixed or blended; -- usually followed by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Painters' colors and ashes do better <b>incorporate</b> will oil.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He never suffers wrong so long to grow,
And to <b>incorporate</b> with right so far
As it might come to seem the same in show.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incorporated</h1>
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<hw>In*cor"po*ra`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>United in one body; formed into a corporation; made a legal entity.</def>

<h1>Incorporation</h1>
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<hw>In*cor`po*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incorporatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incorporation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of incorporating, or the state of being incorporated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The union of different ingredients in one mass; mixture; combination; synthesis.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The union of something with a body already existing; association; intimate union; assimilation; <as>as, the <ex>incorporation</ex> of conquered countries into the Roman republic</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of creating a corporation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A body incorporated; a corporation.</def>

<h1>Incorporative</h1>
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<hw>In*cor"po*ra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incorporating or tending to incorporate; <as>as, the <ex>incorporative</ex> languages (as of the Basques, North American Indians, etc.</as> ) which run a whole phrase into one word.</def>

<blockquote>History demonstrates that <b>incorporative</b> unions are solid and permanent; but that a federal union is weak.
<i>W. Belsham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incorporator</h1>
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<hw>In*cor"po*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a number of persons who gets a company incorporated; one of the original members of a corporation.</def>

<h1>Incorporeal</h1>
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<hw>In`cor*po"re*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>corporeal</ets>: cf. L. <ets>incorporeus</ets>. Cf. <er>Incorporal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not corporeal; not having a material body or form; not consisting of matter; immaterial.</def>

<blockquote>Thus <b>incorporeal</b> spirits to smaller forms
Reduced their shapes immense.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sense and perception must necessarily proceed from some <b>incorporeal</b> substance within us.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Existing only in contemplation of law; not capable of actual visible seizin or possession; not being an object of sense; intangible; -- opposed to <i>corporeal</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Incorporeal hereditament</col>. <cd>See under <er>Hereditament</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Immaterial; unsubstantial; bodiless; spiritual.</syn>

<h1>Incorporealism</h1>
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<hw>In`cor*po"re*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Existence without a body or material form; immateriality.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Incorporealist</h1>
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<hw>In`cor*po"re*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes in incorporealism.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Incorporeality</h1>
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<hw>In`cor*po`re*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being incorporeal or bodiless; immateriality; incorporealism.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Incorporeally</h1>
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<hw>In`cor*po"re*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an incorporeal manner.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Incorporeity</h1>
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<hw>In*cor`po*re"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>corporeity</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incorpor\'82ite</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being incorporeal; immateriality.</def>

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<h1>Incorpse</h1>
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<hw>In*corpse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To incorporate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Incorrect</h1>
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<hw>In`cor*rect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incorrectus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incorrect</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Correct</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not correct; not according to a copy or model, or to established rules; inaccurate; faulty.</def>

<blockquote>The piece, you think, is <b>incorrect</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not in accordance with the truth; inaccurate; not exact; <as>as, an <ex>incorrect</ex> statement or calculation</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not accordant with duty or morality; not duly regulated or subordinated; unbecoming; improper; <as>as, <ex>incorrect</ex> conduct</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It shows a will most <b>incorrect</b> to heaven.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The wit of the last age was yet more <b>incorrect</b> than their language.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Inaccurate; erroneous; wrong; faulty.</syn>

<h1>Incorrection</h1>
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<hw>In`cor*rec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>correction</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incorrection</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of correction, restraint, or discipline.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Arnway.</i>

<h1>Incorrectly</h1>
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<hw>In`cor*rect"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Not correctly; inaccurately; not exactly; <as>as, a writing <ex>incorrectly</ex> copied; testimony <ex>incorrectly</ex> stated.</as></def>

<h1>Incorrectness</h1>
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<hw>In`cor*rect"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being incorrect; want of conformity to truth or to a standard; inaccuracy; inexactness; as <i>incorrectness</i> may in defect or in redundance.</def>

<h1>Incorrespondence, Incorrespondency</h1>
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<hw><hw>In*cor`re*spond"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*cor`re*spond"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of correspondence; disagreement; disproportion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Incorresponding</h1>
<Xpage=747>

<hw>In*cor`re*spond"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not corresponding; disagreeing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Incorrigibility</h1>
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<hw>In*cor`ri*gi*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incorrigibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being incorrigible.</def>

<blockquote>The ingratitude, the <b>incorrigibility</b>, the strange perverseness . . . of mankind.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incorrigible</h1>
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<hw>In*cor"ri*gi*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incorrigibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incorrigible</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Corrigible</er>.]</ety> <def>Not corrigible; incapable of being corrected or amended; bad beyond correction; irreclaimable; <as>as, <ex>incorrigible</ex> error</as>.</def> "<i>Incorrigible</i> fools."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Incorrigible</h1>
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<hw>In*cor"ri*gi*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is corrigible; especially, a hardened criminal; <as>as, the perpetual imprisonment of <ex>incorrigibles</ex></as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="748">
Page 748<p>

<h1>Incorrigibleness</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*cor"ri*gi*ble*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Incorrigibility.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Incorrigibly</h1>
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<hw>In*cor"ri*gi*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an incorrigible manner.</def>

<h1>Incorrodible</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In`cor*rod"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being corroded, consumed, or eaten away.</def>

<h1>Incorrupt</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In"cor*rupt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incorruptus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Corrupt</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not affected with corruption or decay; unimpaired; not marred or spoiled.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not defiled or depraved; pure; sound; untainted; above the influence of bribes; upright; honest.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Your Christian principles . . . which will preserve you <b>incorrupt</b> as individuals.
<i>Bp. Hurd.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incorrupted</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In"cor*rupt"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Uncorrupted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Breathed into their <b>incorrupted</b> breasts.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incorruptibility</h1>
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<hw>In`cor*rupt`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incorruptibilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incorruptibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being incorruptible; incapability of corruption.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Incorruptible</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In"cor*rupt"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incorruptibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incorruptible</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Corrupt</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not corruptible; incapable of corruption, decay, or dissolution; <as>as, gold is <ex>incorruptible</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Our bodies shall be changed into <b>incorruptible</b> and immortal substances.
<i>Wake.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Incapable of being bribed or morally corrupted; inflexibly just and upright.</def>

<h1>Incorruptible</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In"cor*rupt"i*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a religious sect which arose in Alexandria, in the reign of the Emperor Justinian, and which believed that the body of Christ was incorruptible, and that he suffered hunger, thirst, pain, only in appearance.</def>

<h1>Incorruptible</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In"cor*rupt"i*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being incorruptible.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Incorruptibly</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In"cor*rupt"i*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an incorruptible manner.</def>

<h1>Incorruption</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In"cor*rup"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incorruptio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incorruption</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Corruption</er>.]</ety> <def>The condition or quality of being incorrupt or incorruptible; absence of, or exemption from, corruption.</def>

<blockquote>It is sown in corruption; it is raised in <b>incorruption</b>.
<i>1 Cor. xv. 42.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The same preservation, or, rather, <b>incorruption</b>, we have observed in the flesh of turkeys, capons, etc.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incorruptive</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In`cor*rupt"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incorruptivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incorruptible; not liable to decay.</def>

<i>Akenside.</i>

<h1>Incorruptly</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In`cor*rupt"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without corruption.</def>

<blockquote>To demean themselves <b>incorruptly</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incorruptness</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In`cor*rupt"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Freedom or exemption from decay or corruption.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Probity; integrity; honesty.</def>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Incrassate</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*cras"sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incrassated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Incrassating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>incrassatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>incrassare</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>crassus</ets> thick.]</ety> <def>To make thick or thicker; to thicken; especially, in pharmacy, to thicken (a liquid) by the mixture of another substance, or by evaporating the thinner parts.</def>

<blockquote>Acids dissolve or attenuate; alkalies precipitate or <b>incrassate</b>.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Liquors which time hath <b>incrassated</b> into jellies.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incrassate</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*cras"sate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become thick or thicker.</def>

<h1>Incrassate, Incrassated</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw><hw>In*cras"sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*cras"sa*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incrassatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Made thick or thicker; thickened; inspissated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Thickened; becoming thicker.</def>

<i>Martyn.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Swelled out on some particular part, as the antenn\'91 of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Incrassation</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In`cras*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incrassation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of thickening or making thick; the process of becoming thick or thicker.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being incrassated or made thick; inspissation.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Incrassative</h1>
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<hw>In*cras"sa*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the quality of thickening; tending to thicken.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Incrassative</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*cras"sa*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A substance which has the power to thicken; formerly, a medicine supposed to thicken the humors.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Increasable</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*creas"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being increased.</def> <i>Sherwood</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In*creas"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>An indefinite <b>increasableness</b> of some of our ideas.
<i>Bp. Law.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Increase</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*crease"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Increased</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Increasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>incresen</ets>, <ets>encresen</ets>, <ets>enrescen</ets>, OF. <ets>encreistre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>increscere</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>crescere</ets> to grow. See <er>Crescent</er>, and cf. <er>Decrease</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To become greater or more in size, quantity, number, degree, value, intensity, power, authority, reputation, wealth; to grow; to augment; to advance; -- opposed to <i>decrease</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The waters <b>increased</b> and bare up the ark.
<i>Gen. vii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He must <b>increase</b>, but I must decrease.
<i>John iii. 30.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The heavens forbid
But that our loves and comforts should <b>increase</b>,
Even as our days do grow!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To multiply by the production of young; to be fertile, fruitful, or prolific.</def>

<blockquote>Fishes are more numerous of <b>increasing</b> than beasts or birds, as appears by their numerous spawn.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>To become more nearly full; to show more of the surface; to wax; <as>as, the moon <ex>increases</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Increasing function</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a function whose value increases when that of the variable increases, and decreases when the latter is diminished.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To enlarge; extend; multiply; expand; develop; heighten; amplify; raise; enhance; spread; aggravate; magnify; augment; advance.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Increase</er>, <er>Enlarge</er>, <er>Extend</er>. <i>Enlarge</i> implies to make larger or broader in size. <i>Extend</i> marks the progress of enlargement so as to have wider boundaries. <i>Increase</i> denotes enlargement by growth and internal vitality, as in the case of plants. A kingdom is <i>enlarged</i> by the addition of new territories; the mind is <i>enlarged</i> by knowledge. A kingdom is <i>extended</i> when its boundaries are carried to a greater distance from the center. A man's riches, honors, knowledge, etc., are <i>increased</i> by accessions which are made from time to time.</usage>

<h1>Increase</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*crease"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To augment or make greater in bulk, quantity, extent, value, or amount, etc.; to add to; to extend; to lengthen; to enhance; to aggravate; <as>as, to <ex>increase</ex> one's possessions, influence</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>increase</b> the famine.
<i>Ezek. v. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Make denials
<b>Increase</b> your services.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Increase</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In"crease</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>encres</ets>, <ets>encresse</ets>. See <er>Increase</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Addition or enlargement in size, extent, quantity, number, intensity, value, substance, etc.; augmentation; growth.</def>

<blockquote>As if <b>increase</b> of appetite had grown
By what if fed on.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For things of tender kind for pleasure made
Shoot up with swift <b>increase</b>, and sudden are decay'd.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is added to the original stock by augmentation or growth; produce; profit; interest.</def>

<blockquote>Take thou no usury of him, or <b>increase</b>.
<i>Lev. xxv. 36.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let them not live to taste this land's <b>increase</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Progeny; issue; offspring.</def>

<blockquote>All the <b>increase</b> of thy house shall die in the flower of their age.
<i>1 Sam. ii. 33.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Generation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Organs of <i>increase</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The period of increasing light, or luminous phase; the waxing; -- said of the moon.</def>

<blockquote>Seeds, hair, nails, hedges, and herbs will grow soonest if set or cut in the <b>increase</b> of the moon.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Increase twist</col>, <cd>the twixt of a rifle groove in which the angle of twist increases from the breech to the muzzle.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Enlargement; extension; growth; development; increment; addition; accession; production.</syn>

<h1>Increaseful</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*crease"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of increase; abundant in produce.</def> "<i>Increaseful</i> crops." <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Increasement</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*crease"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Increase.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Increaser</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*creas"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that, increases.</def>

<h1>Increasingly</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*creas"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>More and more.</def>

<h1>Increate</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In`cre*ate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Increated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Increating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>create</ets>.]</ety> <def>To create within.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Increate, Increated</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw><hw>In"cre*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In"cre*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>increatus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Create</er>.]</ety> <def>Uncreated; self-existent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Bright eff<?/uence of bright essence <b>increate</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incredibility</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*cred`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incredibilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incr\'82dibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being incredible; incredibleness.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is incredible.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Incredible</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*cred"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incredibilis</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>incredible</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Credible</er>.]</ety> <def>Not credible; surpassing belief; too extraordinary and improbable to admit of belief; unlikely; marvelous; fabulous.</def>

<blockquote>Why should it be thought a thing <b>incredible</b> with you, that God should raise the dead?
<i>Acts xxvi. 8.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incredibleness</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*cred"i*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Incredibility.</def>

<h1>Incredibly</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*cred"i*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an incredible manner.</def>

<h1>Incredited</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*cred"it*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Uncredited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Incredulity</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In`cre*du"li*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incredu<?/itas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incr\'82dulit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being i<?/credulous; a withholding or refusal of belief; skepticism; unbelief; disbelief.</def>

<blockquote>Of every species of <b>incredulity</b>, religious unbelief is the most irrational.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incredulous</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*cred"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incredulus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Credulous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not credulous; indisposed to admit or accept that which is related as true, skeptical; unbelieving.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>A fantastical <b>incredulous</b> fool.
<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Indicating, or caused by, disbelief or incredulity.</def> "An <i>incredulous</i> smile."

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Incredible; not easy to be believed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Incredulously</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*cred"u*lous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an incredulous manner; with incredulity.</def>

<h1>Incredulousness</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*cred"u*lous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Incredulity.</def>

<h1>Incremable</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*crem"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + L. <ets>cremabilis</ets> combustible, fr. <ets>cremare</ets> to burn.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being burnt; incombustibe.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Incremate</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In"cre*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>cremate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To consume or reduce to ashes by burning, as a dead body; to cremate.</def>

<h1>Incremation</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In`cre*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Burning; esp., the act of burning a dead body; cremation.</def>

<h1>Increment</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In"cre*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incrementum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incr\'82ment</ets>. See <er>Increase</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of increasing; growth in bulk, guantity, number, value, or amount; augmentation; enlargement.</def>

<blockquote>The seminary that furnisheth matter for the formation and <b>increment</b> of animal and vegetable bodies.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A nation, to be great, ought to be compressed in its <b>increment</b> by nations more civilized than itself.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Matter added; increase; produce; production; -- opposed to <i>decrement</i>.</def> "Large <i>increment</i>."

<i>J. Philips.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The increase of a variable quantity or fraction from its present value to its next ascending value; the finite quantity, generally variable, by which a variable quantity is increased.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>An amplification without strict climax, as in the following passage:</def>

<blockquote>Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report, . . . think on these things.
<i>Phil. iv. 8.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Infinitesimal increment</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>an infinitesimally small variation considered in Differential Calculus. See <er>Calculus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Method of increments</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a calculus founded on the properties of the successive values of variable quantities and their differences or increments. It differs from the <i>method of fluxions<i> in treating these differences as finite, instead of infinitely small, and is equivalent to the calculus of <i>finite differences<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Incremental</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In`cre*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resulting from, the process of growth; <as>as, the <ex>incremental</ex> lines in the dentine of teeth</as>.</def>

<h1>Increpate</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In"cre*pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>increpatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>increpare</ets> to upbraid; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in, against + <ets>crepare</ets> to talk noisily.]</ety> <def>To chide; to rebuke; to reprove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Increpation</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In`cre*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>increpatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chiding; rebuke; reproof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Increscent</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*cres"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>increscens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>increscere</ets>. See <er>Increase</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Increasing; growing; augmenting; swelling; enlarging.</def>

<blockquote>Between the <b>incresent</b> and decrescent moon.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Increasing; on the increase; -- said of the moon represented as the new moon, with the points turned toward the dexter side.</def>

<h1>Increst</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*crest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To adorn with a crest.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Drummond.</i>

<h1>Incriminate</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*crim"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incriminated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Incriminating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>incriminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>incriminare</ets>; <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>criminare</ets>, <ets>criminari</ets>, to accuse one of a crime. See <er>Criminate</er>.]</ety> <def>To accuse; to charge with a crime or fault; to criminate.</def>

<h1>Incrimination</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*crim`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of incriminating; crimination.</def>

<h1>Incriminatory</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*crim"i*na*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to crimination; tending to incriminate; criminatory.</def>

<h1>Incruental</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In`cru*en"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incruentus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Cruentous</er>.]</ety> <def>Unbloody; not attended with blood; <as>as, an <ex>incruental</ex> sacrifice</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Brevint.</i>

<h1>Incrust</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*crust"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incrusted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Incrusting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>incrustare</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>crustare</ets> to cover with a crust: cf. F. <ets>incruster</ets>. See <er>Crust</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>encrust</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover or line with a crust, or hard coat; to form a crust on the surface of; <as>as, iron <ex>incrusted</ex> with rust; a vessel <ex>incrusted</ex> with salt; a sweetmeat <ex>incrusted</ex> with sugar.</as></def>

<blockquote>And by the frost refin'd the whiter snow,
<b>Incrusted</b> hard.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>To inlay into, as a piece of carving or other ornamental object.</def>

<h1>Incrustate</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*crus"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incrustatus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Incrust</er>.]</ety> <def>Incrusted.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Incrustate</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*crus"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To incrust.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Incrustation</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In`crus*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incrustatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incrustation</ets>. See <er>Incrust</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of incrusting, or the state of being incrusted.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A crust or hard coating of anything upon or within a body, as a deposit of lime, sediment, etc., from water on the inner surface of a steam boiler.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A covering or inlaying of marble, mosaic, etc., attached to the masonry by cramp irons or cement.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Anything inlaid or imbedded.</def>

<h1>Incrustment</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*crust"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Incrustation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Incrystallizable</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*crys"tal*li`za*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not crystallizable; incapable of being formed into crystals.</def>

<h1>Incubate</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In"cu*bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incubated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Incubating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>incubatus</ets>, p. p. <ets>incubare</ets> to lie on; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in, on + <ets>cubare</ets> to lie down. Cf. <er>Cubit</er>, <er>Incumbent</er>.]</ety> <def>To sit, as on eggs for hatching; to brood; to brood upon, or keep warm, as eggs, for the purpose of hatching.</def>

<h1>Incubation</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In`cu*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incubatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incubation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A sitting on eggs for the purpose of hatching young; a brooding on, or keeping warm, (eggs) to develop the life within, by any process.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The development of a disease from its causes, or its period of incubation. (See below.)</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sleeping in a consecrated place for the purpose of dreaming oracular dreams.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Period of incubation</col>, &or; <col>Stage of incubation</col></mcol> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the period which elapses between exposure to the causes of a disease and the attack resulting from it; the time of development of the supposed germs or spores.</cd></cs><-- for infectious diseases -->

<h1>Incubative</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In"cu*ba*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to incubation, or to the period of incubation.</def>

<h1>Incubator</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In"cu*ba`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which incubates, especially, an apparatus by means of which eggs are hatched by artificial heat.</def>

<h1>Incubatory</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*cu"ba*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving for incubation.</def>

<h1>Incube</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*cube"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fix firmly, as in cube; to secure or place firmly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Incubiture</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*cu"bi*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>incubitus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incubation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Ellis.</i>

<h1>Incubous</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In"cu*bous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>incubare</ets> to lie on.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the leaves so placed that the upper part of each one covers the base of the leaf next above it, as in hepatic mosses of the genus <spn>Frullania</spn>. See <er>Succubous</er>.</def>

<h1>Incubus</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In"cu*bus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Incubuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Incubi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., the nightmare. Cf. <er>Incubate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A demon; a fiend; a lascivious spirit, supposed to have sexual intercourse with women by night.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<blockquote>The devils who appeared in the female form were generally called succubi; those who appeared like men <b>incubi</b>, though this distinction was not always preserved.
<i>Lecky.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The nightmare. See <er>Nightmare</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Such as are troubled with <b>incubus</b>, or witch-ridden, as we call it.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any oppressive encumbrance or burden; anything that prevents the free use of the faculties.</def>

<blockquote>Debt and usury is the <b>incubus</b> which weighs most heavily on the agricultural resources of Turkey.
<i>J. L. Farley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inculcate</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In*cul"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inculcated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inculcating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>inculcatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inculcare</ets> to tread on; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in, on + <ets>calcare</ets> to tread, fr. <ets>calx</ets> the heel; perh. akin to E. <ets>heel</ets>. Cf. 2d <er>Calk</er>, <er>Heel</er>.]</ety> <def>To teach and impress by frequent repetitions or admonitions; to urge on the mind; <as>as, Christ <ex>inculcates</ex> on his followers humility</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The most obvious and necessary duties of life they have not yet had authority enough to enforce and <b>inculcate</b> upon men's minds.
<i>S. Clarke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To instill; infuse; implant; engraft; impress.</syn>

<h1>Inculcation</h1>
<Xpage=748>

<hw>In`cul*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inculcatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inculcation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A teaching and impressing by frequent repetitions.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<hr>
<page="749">
Page 749<p>

<h1>Inculcator</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cul"ca*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who inculcates.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Inculk</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*culk"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inculquer</ets>. See <er>Inculcate</er>.]</ety> <def>To inculcate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Inculp</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*culp"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>inculper</ets>. See <er>Inculpate</er>.]</ety> <def>To inculpate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Inculpable</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cul"pa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inculpabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incupable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Faultless; blameless; innocent.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>An innocent and <b>incupable</b> piece of ignorance.
<i>Killingbeck.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inculpableness</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cul"pa*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Blamelessness; faultlessness.</def>

<h1>Inculpably</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cul"pa*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Blamelessly.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Inculpate</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cul"pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inculpated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inculpating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>inculpatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inculpare</ets> to blame; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>culpa</ets> fault. See <er>Culpable</er>.]</ety> <note>[A word of recent introduction.]</note> <def>To blame; to impute guilt to; to accuse; to involve or implicate in guilt.</def>

<blockquote>That risk could only exculpate her and not <b>inculpate</b> them -- the probabilities protected them so perfectly.
<i>H. James.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inculpation</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In`cul*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inculpation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Blame; censure; crimination.</def>

<i>Jefferson.</i>

<h1>Inculpatory</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cul"pa*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Imputing blame; criminatory; compromising; implicating.</def>

<h1>Incult</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cult"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incultus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>cultus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>colere</ets> to cultivate: cf. F. <ets>inculte</ets>.]</ety> <def>Untilled; uncultivated; crude; rude; uncivilized.</def>

<blockquote>Germany then, says Tacitus, was <b>incult</b> and horrid, now full of magnificent cities.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His style is diffuse and <b>incult</b>.
<i>M. W. Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incultivated</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cul"ti*va`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Uncultivated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Incultivation</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cul`ti*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of cultivation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Berington.</i>

<h1>Inculture</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cul"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>culture</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inculture</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want or neglect of cultivation or culture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Incumbency</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cum"ben*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Incumbencies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[From <er>Incumbent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being incumbent; a lying or resting on something.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is physically incumbent; that which lies as a burden; a weight.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is morally incumbent, or is imposed, as a rule, a duty, obligation, or responsibility.</def> "The <i>incumbencies</i> of a family."

<i>Donne.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The state of holding a benefice; the full possession and exercise of any office.</def>

<blockquote>These fines are only to be paid to the bishop during his <b>incumbency</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incumbent</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cum"bent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incumbens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>incumbere</ets> to lie down upon, press upon; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in, on + <ets>cumbere</ets> (in comp.); akin to <ets>cubare</ets> to lie down. See <er>Incubate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Lying; resting; reclining; recumbent; superimposed; superincumbent.</def>

<blockquote>Two <b>incumbent</b> figures, gracefully leaning upon it.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To move the <b>incumbent</b> load they try.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lying, resting, or imposed, as a duty or obligation; obligatory; always with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<blockquote>All men, truly zealous, will perform those good works that are <b>incumbent</b> on all Christians.
<i>Sprat.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Leaning or resting; -- said of anthers when lying on the inner side of the filament, or of cotyledons when the radicle lies against the back of one of them.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Bent downwards so that the ends touch, or rest on, something else; <as>as, the <ex>incumbent</ex> toe of a bird</as>.</def>

<h1>Incumbent</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cum"bent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who is in present possession of a benefice or of any office.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>incumbent</b> lieth at the mercy of his patron.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incumbently</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cum"bent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an incumbent manner; so as to be incumbent.</def>

<h1>Incumber</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cum"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incumbered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Incumbering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>See <er>Encumber</er>.</def>

<h1>Incumbition</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In`cum*bi"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Incubation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Incumbrance</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cum"brance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Encumbrance</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>encumbrance</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A burdensome and troublesome load; anything that impedes motion or action, or renders it difficult or laborious; clog; impediment; hindrance; check.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A burden or charge upon property; a claim or lien upon an estate, which may diminish its value.</def>

<h1>Incumbrancer</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cum"bran*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who holds <?/<?/ incumbrance, or some legal claim, lien, or charge on an estate.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Incumbrous</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cum"brous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>encombros</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cumbersome; troublesome.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>encombrous</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Incunabulum</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In`cu*nab"u*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Incunabula</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>incunabula</ets> cradle, birthplace, origin. See 1st <er>In-</er>, and <er>Cunabula</er>.]</ety> <def>A work of art or of human industry, of an early epoch; especially, a book printed before <sc>A. D.</sc> 1500.</def>

<h1>Incur</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incurred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Incurring</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>incurrere</ets> to run into or toward; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>currere</ets> to run. See <er>Current</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To meet or fall in with, as something inconvenient, harmful, or onerous; to put one's self in the way of; to expose one's self to; to become liable or subject to; to bring down upon one's self; to encounter; to contract; <as>as, to <ex>incur</ex> debt, danger, displeasure<?/ penalty, responsibility, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>I know not what I shall <b>incur</b> to pass<?/<?/,
Having no warrant.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To render liable or subject to; to occasion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lest you <b>incur</b> me much more damage in my fame than you have done me pleasure in preserving my life.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incur</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cur"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To pass; to enter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Light is discerned by itself because by itself it <b>incurs</b> into the eye.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incurability</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cur`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>incurabilit\'82</ets> incurability, LL. <ets>incurabilitas</ets> negligence.]</ety> <def>The state of being uncurable; irremediableness.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Incurable</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cur"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>incurable</ets>, L. <ets>incurabilis</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Curable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not capable of being cured; beyond the power of skill or medicine to remedy; <as>as, an <ex>incurable</ex> disease</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A scirrh is not absolutely <b>incurable</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not admitting or capable of remedy or correction; irremediable; remediless; <as>as, <ex>incurable</ex> evils</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Rancorous and <b>incurable</b> hostility.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They were laboring under a profound, and, as it might have seemed, an almost <b>incurable</b> ignorance.
<i>Sir J. Stephen.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Irremediable; remediless; irrecoverable; irretrievable; irreparable; hopeless.</syn>

<h1>Incurable</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cur"a*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person diseased beyond cure.</def>

<h1>Incurableness</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cur"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being incurable; incurability.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Incurably</h1>
<Xpage=749>

<hw>In*cur"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner that renders cure impracticable or impossible; irremediably.</def> "<i>Incurably</i> diseased." <i>Bp. Hall</i>. "<i>Incurably</i> wicked."

<i>Blair.</i>

<h1>Incuriosity</h1>
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<hw>In*cu`ri*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incuriositas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incurosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of curiosity or interest; inattentiveness; indifference.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Incurious</h1>
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<hw>In*cu"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incuriosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incurieux</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Curious</er>.]</ety> <def>Not curious or inquisitive; without care for or interest in; inattentive; careless; negligent; heedless.</def>

<blockquote>Carelessnesses and <b>incurious</b> deportments toward their children.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incuriously</h1>
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<hw>In*cu"ri*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an curious manner.</def>

<h1>Incuriousness</h1>
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<hw>In*cu"ri*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Unconcernedness; incuriosity.</def>

<blockquote>Sordid <b>incuriousness</b> and slovenly neglect.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Incurrence</h1>
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<hw>In*cur"rence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Incur</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of incurring, bringing on, or subjecting one's self to (something troublesome or burdensome); <as>as, the <ex>incurrence</ex> of guilt, debt, responsibility, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Incurrent</h1>
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<hw>In*cur"rent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incurrens</ets>, p. pr. <ets>incurere</ets>, <ets>incursum</ets>, to run in; <ets>in-</ets> + <ets>currere</ets> to run.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Characterized by a current which flows inward; <as>as, the <ex>incurrent</ex> orifice of lamellibranch Mollusca</as>.</def>

<h1>Incursion</h1>
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<hw>In*cur"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incursio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incursion</ets>. See <er>Incur</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A running into; hence, an entering into a territory with hostile intention; a temporary invasion; a predatory or harassing inroad; a raid.</def>

<blockquote>The Scythian, whose <b>incursions</b> wild
Have wasted Sogdiana.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>incursions</b> of the Goths disordered the affairs of the Roman Empire.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attack; occurrence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sins of daily <b>incursion</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Invasion; inroad; raid; foray; sally; attack; onset; irruption. See <er>Invasion</er>.</syn>

<h1>Incursive</h1>
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<hw>In*cur"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making an incursion; invasive; aggressive; hostile.</def>

<h1>Incurtain</h1>
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<hw>In*cur"tain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To curtain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Incurvate</h1>
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<hw>In*cur"vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incurvatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>incurvare</ets> to crook; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>curvus</ets> bent. See <er>Curve</er>, and cf. <er>Incurve</er>.]</ety> <def>Curved; bent; crooked.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Incurvate</h1>
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<hw>In*cur"vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incurvated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Incurvating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To turn from a straight line or course; to bend; to crook.</def>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Incurvation</h1>
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<hw>In`cur*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incurvatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>incurvation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of bending, or curving.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being bent or curved; curvature.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>incurvation</b> of the rays.
<i>Derham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of bowing, or bending the body, in respect or reverence.</def> "The <i>incurvations</i> of the knee."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Incurve</h1>
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<hw>In*curve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Incurved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Incurving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Incurvate</er>.]</ety> <def>To bend; to curve; to make crooked.</def>

<h1>Incurved</h1>
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<hw>In*curved"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>curved</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bending gradually toward the axis or center, as branches or petals.</def>

<h1>Incurvity</h1>
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<hw>In*cur"vi*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>incurvus</ets> bent. See <er>Incurvate</er>.]</ety> <def>A state of being bent or curved; incurvation; a bending inwards.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Incus</h1>
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<hw>In"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., anvil.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An anvil.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the small bones in the tympanum of the ear; the anvil bone. See <er>Ear</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The central portion of the armature of the pharynx in the Rotifera.</def>

<h1>Incuse</h1>
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<hw>In*cuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Incuse</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Numismatics)</fld> <def>Cut or stamped in, or hollowed out by engraving.</def> "Irregular <i>incuse</i> square."

<i>Dr. W. Smith.</i>

<h1>Incuse, Incuss</h1>
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<hw><hw>In*cuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*cuss"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>incussus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>incutere</ets> to strike. See 1st <er>In-</er>, and <er>Concuss</er>.]</ety> <def>To form, or mold, by striking or stamping, as a coin or medal.</def>

<h1>Incute</h1>
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<hw>In*cute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Incuse</er>.]</ety> <def>To strike or stamp in.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Becon.</i>

<h1>Incyst</h1>
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<hw>In*cyst"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Encyst</er>.</def>

<h1>Incysted</h1>
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<hw>In*cyst"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Encysted</er>.</def>

<h1>Ind</h1>
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<hw>Ind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>India.</def> <mark>[Poetical]</mark>

<i>Shak. Milton.</i>

<h1>Indagate</h1>
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<hw>In"da*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indagatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>indagare</ets> to seek.]</ety> <def>To seek or search out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Indagation</h1>
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<hw>In`da*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indagatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indagation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Search; inquiry; investigation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Indagative</h1>
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<hw>In"da*ga*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Searching; exploring; investigating.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Indagator</h1>
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<hw>In"da*ga`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A searcher; an explorer; an investigator.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Searched into by such skillful <b>indagators</b> of nature.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indamage</h1>
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<hw>In*dam"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Endamage</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Indamaged</h1>
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<hw>In*dam"aged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not damaged.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Indart</h1>
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<hw>In*dart"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pierce, as with a dart.</def>

<h1>Indazol</h1>
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<hw>In"da*zol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ind</ets>ol + <ets>az</ets>ote.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous compound, <chform>C7H6N2</chform>, analogous to indol, and produced from a diazo derivative or cinnamic acid.</def>

<h1>Inde</h1>
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<hw>Inde</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Azure-colored; of a bright blue color.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Indear</h1>
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<hw>In*dear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Endear</er>.</def>

<h1>Indebt</h1>
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<hw>In*debt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Indebted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Indebting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>endetten</ets>, F. <ets>endetter</ets>; pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + F. <ets>dette</ets> debt. See <er>Debt</er>.]</ety> <def>To bring into debt; to place under obligation; -- chiefly used in the participle <i>indebted</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Thy fortune hath <b>indebted</b> thee to none.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indebted</h1>
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<hw>In*debt"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Brought into debt; being under obligation; held to payment or requital; beholden.</def>

<blockquote>By owing, owes not, but still pays, at once
<b>Indebted</b> and discharged.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Placed under obligation for something received, for which restitution or gratitude is due; <as>as, we are <ex>indebted</ex> to our parents for their care of us in infancy; <ex>indebted</ex> to friends for help and encouragement.</as></def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Indebtedness</h1>
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<hw>In*debt"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being indebted.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sum owed; debts, collectively.</def>

<h1>Indebtment</h1>
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<hw>In*debt"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>endettement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Indebtedness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Indecence</h1>
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<hw>In*de"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See</def> <er>Indecency</er>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "An <i>indecence</i> of barbarity."

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Indecency</h1>
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<hw>In*de"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Indecencies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>indecentia</ets> unseemliness: cf. F. <ets>ind\'82cence</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being indecent; want of decency, modesty, or good manners; obscenity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is indecent; an indecent word or act; an offense against delicacy.</def>

<blockquote>They who, by speech or writing, present to the ear or the eye of modesty any of the <b>indecencies</b> I allude to, are pests of society.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Indelicacy; indecorum; immodesty; impurity; obscenity. See <er>Indecorum</er>.</syn>

<h1>Indecent</h1>
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<hw>In*de"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indecens</ets> unseemly, unbecoming: cf. F. <ets>ind\'82cent</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Decent</er>.]</ety> <def>Not decent; unfit to be seen or heard; offensive to modesty and delicacy; <as>as, <ex>indecent</ex> language</as>.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Unbecoming; indecorous; indelicate; unseemly; immodest; gross; shameful; impure; improper; obscene; filthy.</syn>

<h1>Indecently</h1>
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<hw>In*de"cent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an indecent manner.</def>

<h1>Indeciduate</h1>
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<hw>In`de*cid"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Indeciduous.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having no decidua; nondeciduate.</def>

<h1>Indeciduous</h1>
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<hw>In`de*cid"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not deciduous or falling, as the leaves of trees in autumn; lasting; evergreen; persistent; permanent; perennial.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>indeciduous</b> and unshaven locks of Apollo.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indecimable</h1>
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<hw>In*dec"i*ma*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + LL. <ets>decimare</ets> to tithe: cf. F. <ets>ind\'82cimable</ets>. See <er>Decimate</er>.]</ety> <def>Not decimable, or liable to be decimated; not liable to the payment of tithes.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Indecipherable</h1>
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<hw>In`de*ci"pher*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not decipherable; incapable of being deciphered, explained, or solved.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`de*ci"pher*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Indecision</h1>
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<hw>In`de*ci"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>decision</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ind\'82cision</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of decision; want of settled purpose, or of firmness; indetermination; wavering of mind; irresolution; vacillation; hesitation.</def>

<blockquote>The term <b>indecision</b> . . . implies an idea very nicely different from irresolution; yet it has a tendency to produce it.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Indecision</b> . . . is the natural accomplice of violence.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indecisive</h1>
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<hw>In`de*ci"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ind\'82cisif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not decisive; not bringing to a final or ultimate issue; <as>as, an <ex>indecisive</ex> battle, argument, answer</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The campaign had everywhere been <b>indecisive</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Undetermined; prone to indecision; irresolute; unsettled; wavering; vacillating; hesitating; <as>as, an <ex>indecisive</ex> state of mind; an <ex>indecisive</ex> character.</as></def>

<h1>Indecisively</h1>
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<hw>In`de*ci"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without decision.</def>

<h1>Indecisiveness</h1>
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<hw>In`de*ci"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being indecisive; unsettled state.</def>

<h1>Indecinable</h1>
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<hw>In`de*cin"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indeclinabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ind\'82clinable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Decline</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Not declinable; not varied by inflective terminations; <as>as, <ex>nihil</ex> (nothing), in Latin, is an <ex>indeclinable</ex> noun</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An indeclinable word.</def></def2>

<h1>Indecinably</h1>
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<hw>In`de*cin"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without variation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Without variation of termination.</def>

<h1>Indecomposable</h1>
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<hw>In*de`com*pos"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>decomposable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ind\'82composable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not decomposable; incapable or difficult of decomposition; not resolvable into its constituents or elements.</def>

<h1>Indecomposableness</h1>
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<hw>In*de`com*pos"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Incapableness of decomposition; stability; permanence; durability.</def>

<h1>Indecorous</h1>
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<hw>In`de*co"rous</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indecorous</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Decorous</er>.]</ety> <def>Not decorous; violating good manners; contrary to good breeding or etiquette; unbecoming; improper; out of place; <as>as, <ex>indecorous</ex> conduct</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It was useless and <b>indecorous</b> to attempt anything more by mere struggle.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Unbecoming; unseemly; unbefitting; rude; coarse; impolite; uncivil; ill-bred.</syn>

<h1>Indecorously</h1>
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<hw>In`de*co"rous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an indecorous manner.</def>

<h1>Indecorousness</h1>
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<hw>In`de*co"rous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being indecorous; want of decorum.</def>

<h1>Indecorum</h1>
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<hw>In`de*co"rum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>decorum</ets>: cf. L. <ets>indecorous</ets> unbecoming.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of decorum; impropriety of behavior; that in behavior or manners which violates the established rules of civility, custom, or etiquette; indecorousness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An indecorous or becoming action.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <i>Indecorum</i> is sometimes synonymous with <i>indecency</i>; but <i>indecency</i>, more frequently than <i>indecorum</i>, is applied to words or actions which refer to what nature and propriety require to be concealed or suppressed. <i>Indecency</i> is the stronger word; <i>indecorum</i> refers to any transgression of etiquette or civility, especially in public.</syn>

<h1>Indeed</h1>
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<hw>In*deed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Prep. <ets>in + deed</ets>.]</ety> <def>In reality; in truth; in fact; verily; truly; -- used in a variety of sense. Esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> Denoting emphasis; <as>as, <ex>indeed</ex> it is so</as>. <sd>(b)</sd> Denoting concession or admission; <as>as, <ex>indeed</ex>, you are right</as>. <sd>(c)</sd> Denoting surprise; <as>as, <ex>indeed</ex>, is it you? Its meaning is not intrinsic or fixed, but depends largely on the form of expression which it accompanies</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="750">
Page 750<p>

<blockquote>The carnal mind is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the law of God, neither <b>indeed</b> can be.
<i>Rom. viii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I were a beast <b>indeed</b> to do you wrong.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is, <b>indeed</b>, no great pleasure in visiting these magazines of war.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indefatigability</h1>
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<hw>In`de*fat`i*ga*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being indefatigable.</def>

<h1>Indefatigable</h1>
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<hw>In`de*fat"i*ga*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indefatigabilis</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>indefatigable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Defatigable</er>, and cf. <er>Infatigable</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being fatigued; not readily exhausted; unremitting in labor or effort; untiring; unwearying; not yielding to fatigue; <as>as, <ex>indefatigable</ex> exertions, perseverance, application</as>.</def> "A constant, <i>indefatigable</i> attendance."

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>Upborne with <b>indefatigable</b> wings.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Unwearied; untiring; persevering; persistent.</syn>

<h1>Indefatigableness</h1>
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<hw>In`de*fat"i*ga*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Indefatigable quality; unweariedness; persistency.</def>

<i>Parnell.</i>

<h1>Indefatigably</h1>
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<hw>In`de*fat"i*ga*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without weariness; without yielding to fatigue; persistently.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Indefatigation</h1>
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<hw>In`de*fat`i*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Indefatigableness; unweariedness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Gregory.</i>

<h1>Indefeasibility</h1>
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<hw>In`de*fea`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being undefeasible.</def>

<h1>Indefeasible</h1>
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<hw>In`de*fea`si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>defeasible</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>indefaisable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not to be defeated; not defeasible; incapable of being annulled or made void; <as>as, an <ex>indefeasible</ex> or title</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That the king had a divine and an <b>indefeasible</b> right to the regal power.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indefectibility</h1>
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<hw>In`de*fect`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ind\'82fectibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being indefectible.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Indefectible</h1>
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<hw>In`de*fect"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>defectible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ind\'82fectible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not defectible; unfailing; not liable to defect, failure, or decay.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>indefectible</b> treasure in the heavens.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A state of <b>indefectible</b> virtue and happiness.
<i>S. Clarke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indefective</h1>
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<hw>In`de*fect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not defective; perfect; complete.</def> "Absolute, <i>indefective</i> obedience."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Indefeisible</h1>
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<hw>In`de*fei"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Indefeasible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Indefensibility</h1>
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<hw>In`de*fen`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of not being defensible.</def>

<i>Walsh.</i>

<h1>Indefensible</h1>
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<hw>In`de*fen"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>defensible</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>indefensible</ets>, <ets>indefensable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not defensible; not capable of being defended, maintained, vindicated, or justified; unjustifiable; untenable; <as>as, an <ex>indefensible</ex> fortress, position, cause, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Men find that something can be said in favor of what, on the very proposal, they thought utterly <b>indefensible</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indefensibly</h1>
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<hw>In`de*fen"si*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an indefensible manner.</def>

<h1>Indefensive</h1>
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<hw>In`de*fen"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Defenseless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The sword awes the <b>indefensive</b> villager.
<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indeficiency</h1>
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<hw>In`de*fi"cien*cy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of not being deficient.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Strype.</i>

<h1>Indeficient</h1>
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<hw>In`de*fi"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indeficiens</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Deficient</er>.]</ety> <def>Not deficient; full.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Brighter than the sun, and <b>indeficient</b> as the light of heaven.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indefinable</h1>
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<hw>In`de*fin"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being defined or described; inexplicable.</def>

<i>Bp. Reynolds.</i>

<h1>Indefinably</h1>
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<hw>In`de*fin"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an indefinable manner.</def>

<h1>Indefinite</h1>
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<hw>In*def"i*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indefinitus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Definite</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not definite; not limited, defined, or specified; not explicit; not determined or fixed upon; not precise; uncertain; vague; confused; obscure; <as>as, an <ex>indefinite</ex> time, plan, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>It were to be wished that . . . men would leave off that <b>indefinite</b> way of vouching, "the chymists say this," or "the chymists affirm that."
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The time of this last is left <b>indefinite</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having no determined or certain limits; large and unmeasured, though not infinite; unlimited; as <i>indefinite</i> space; the <i>indefinite</i> extension of a straight line.</def>

<blockquote>Though it is not infinite, it may be <b>indefinite</b>; though it is not boundless in itself, it may be so to human comprehension.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Boundless; infinite.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Indefinite</b> and omnipresent God,
Inhabiting eternity.
<i>W. Thompson (1745).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Too numerous or variable to make a particular enumeration important; -- said of the parts of a flower, and the like. Also, indeterminate.</def>

<cs><col>Indefinite article</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>the word <i>a<i> or <i>an<i>, used with nouns to denote any one of a common or general class.</cd> -- <col>Indefinite inflorescence</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Indeterminate inflorescence</cref>, under <er>Indeterminate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indefinite proposition</col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>a statement whose subject is a common term, with nothing to indicate distribution or nondistribution; as, <i>Man is mortal<i>.</cd> -- <col>Indefinite term</col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>a negative term; as, <i>the not-good<i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Inexplicit; vague; uncertain; unsettled; indeterminate; loose; equivocal; inexact; approximate.</syn>

<h1>Indefinitely</h1>
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<hw>In*def"i*nite*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an indefinite manner or degree; without any settled limitation; vaguely; not with certainty or exactness; <as>as, to use a word <ex>indefinitely</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>If the world be <b>indefinitely</b> extended, that is, so far as no human intellect can fancy any bound of it.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indefiniteness</h1>
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<hw>In*def"i*nite*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being indefinite.</def>

<h1>Indefinitude</h1>
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<hw>In`de*fin"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Indefiniteness; vagueness; also, number or quantity not limited by our understanding, though yet finite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M . Hale.</i>

<h1>Indehiscence</h1>
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<hw>In`de*his"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ind\'82hiscence</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The property or state of being indehiscent.</def>

<h1>Indehiscent</h1>
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<hw>In`de*his"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>dehiscent</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ind\'82hiscent</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Remaining closed at maturity, or not opening along regular lines, as the acorn, or a cocoanut.</def>

<h1>Indelectable</h1>
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<hw>In`de*lec"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not delectable; unpleasant; disagreeable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<h1>Indeliberate</h1>
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<hw>In`de*lib"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indeliberatus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Deliberate</er>.]</ety> <def>Done without deliberation; unpremeditated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>In`de*lib"er*ate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Indeliberated</h1>
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<hw>In`de*lib"er*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Indeliberate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Indelibility</h1>
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<hw>In*del`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ind\'82l\'82bilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being indelible.</def>

<i>Bp. Horsley.</i>

<h1>Indelible</h1>
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<hw>In*del"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indelebilis</ets>; pref.<ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>delebilis</ets> capable of being destroyed: cf. F. <ets>ind\'82l\'82bile</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Deleble</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>indeleble</asp>, which accords with the etymology of the word.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That can not be removed, washed away, blotted out, or effaced; incapable of being canceled, lost, or forgotten; <as>as, <ex>indelible</ex> characters; an <ex>indelible</ex> stain; an <ex>indelible</ex> impression on the memory.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That can not be annulled; indestructible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>They are endued with <b>indelible</b> power from above.
<i>Sprat.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Indelible colors</col>, <cd>fast colors which do not fade or tarnish by exposure.</cd> -- <col>Indelible ink</col>, <cd>an ink obliterated by washing; esp., a solution of silver nitrate.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Fixed; fast; permanent; ineffaceable.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*del"i*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In*del"i*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote><b>Indelibly</b> stamped and impressed.
<i>J. Ellis.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indelicacy</h1>
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<hw>In*del"i*ca*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Indelicacies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[From <er>Indelicate</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being indelicate; want of delicacy, or of a nice sense of, or regard for, purity, propriety, or refinement in manners, language, etc.; rudeness; coarseness; also, that which is offensive to refined taste or purity of mind.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>indelicacy</b> of English comedy.
<i>Blair.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Your papers would be chargeable with worse than <b>indelicacy</b>; they would be immoral.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indelicate</h1>
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<hw>In*del"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>delicate</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ind\'82licat</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not delicate; wanting delicacy; offensive to good manners, or to purity of mind; coarse; rude; <as>as, an <ex>indelicate</ex> word or suggestion; <ex>indelicate</ex> behavior</as>.</def> <i>Macaulay</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In*del"i*cate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<syn>Syn. -- Indecorous; unbecoming; unseemly; rude; coarse; broad; impolite; gross; indecent; offensive; improper; unchaste; impure; unrefined.</syn>

<h1>Indemnification</h1>
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<hw>In*dem`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of indemnifying, preserving, or securing against loss, damage, or penalty; reimbursement of loss, damage, or penalty; the state of being indemnified.</def>

<blockquote><b>Indemnification</b> is capable of some estimate; dignity has no standard.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which indemnifies.</def>

<blockquote>No reward with the name of an <b>indemnification</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indemnify</h1>
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<hw>In*dem"ni*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Indemnified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Indemnifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>indemnis</ets> unhurt (in- not + <ets>damnum</ets> hurt, damage) + <ets>-fy</ets>. Cf. <er>Damn</er>, <er>Damnify</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To save harmless; to secure against loss or damage; to insure.</def>

<blockquote>The states must at last engage to the merchants here that they will <b>indemnify</b> them from all that shall fall out.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make restitution or compensation for, as for that which is lost; to make whole; to reimburse; to compensate.</def>

<i>Beattie.</i>

<h1>Indemnity</h1>
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<hw>In*dem"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Indemnities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>indemnitas</ets>, fr. <ets>indemnis</ets> uninjured: cf. F. <ets>indemnit\'82</ets>. See <er>Indemnify</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Security; insurance; exemption from loss or damage, past or to come; immunity from penalty, or the punishment of past offenses; amnesty.</def>

<blockquote>Having first obtained a promise of <b>indemnity</b> for the riot they had committed.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Indemnification, compensation, or remuneration for loss, damage, or injury sustained.</def>

<blockquote>They were told to expect, upon the fall of Walpole, a large and lucrative <b>indemnity</b> for their pretended wrongs.
<i>Ld. Mahon.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Insurance is a contract of <i>indemnity</i>. <i>Arnould</i>. The owner of private property taken for public use is entitled to compensation or <i>indemnity</i>.</note>

<i>Kent.</i>

<cs><col>Act of indemnity</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an act or law passed in order to relieve persons, especially in an official station, from some penalty to which they are liable in consequence of acting illegally, or, in case of ministers, in consequence of exceeding the limits of their strict constitutional powers. These acts also sometimes provide compensation for losses or damage, either incurred in the service of the government, or resulting from some public measure.</cd></cs>

<h1>Indemonstrability</h1>
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<hw>In`de*mon`stra*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being indemonstrable.</def>

<h1>Indemonstrable</h1>
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<hw>In`de*mon"stra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indemonstrabilis</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Demonstrable</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being demonstrated.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`de*mon"stra*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Indenization</h1>
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<hw>In*den`i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of naturalizing; endenization.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Indenize</h1>
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<hw>In*den"ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To naturalize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Indenizen</h1>
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<hw>In*den"i*zen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Indenizened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Indenizening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To invest with the privileges of a denizen; to naturalize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Words <b>indenizened</b>, and commonly used as English.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indent</h1>
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<hw>In*dent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Indented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Indenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>endenten</ets> to notch, fit in, OF. <ets>endenter</ets>, LL. <ets>indentare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>in + dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, tooth. See <er>Tooth</er>, and cf. <er>Indenture</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To notch; to jag; to cut into points like a row of teeth; <as>as, to <ex>indent</ex> the edge of paper</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dent; to stamp or to press in; to impress; <as>as, <ex>indent</ex> a smooth surface with a hammer; to <ex>indent</ex> wax with a stamp.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Indenture</er>.]</ety> <def>To bind out by indenture or contract; to indenture; to apprentice; <as>as, to <ex>indent</ex> a young man to a shoemaker; to <ex>indent</ex> a servant.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To begin (a line or lines) at a greater or less distance from the margin; <as>as, to <ex>indent</ex> the first line of a paragraph one em; to <ex>indent</ex> the second paragraph two ems more than the first. See <er>Indentation</er>, and <er>Indention</er>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To make an order upon; to draw upon, as for military stores.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<h1>Indent</h1>
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<hw>In*dent"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be cut, notched, or dented.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To crook or turn; to wind in and out; to zigzag.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To contract; to bargain or covenant.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>To <b>indent</b> and drive bargains with the Almighty.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indent</h1>
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<hw>In*dent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cut or notch in the man gin of anything, or a recess like a notch.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stamp; an impression.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A certificate, or intended certificate, issued by the government of the United States at the close of the Revolution, for the principal or interest of the public debt.</def>

<i>D. Ramsay. A. Hamilton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A requisition or order for supplies, sent to the commissariat of an army.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<h1>Indentation</h1>
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<hw>In`den*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of indenting or state of being indented.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A notch or recess, in the margin or border of anything; <as>as, the <ex>indentations</ex> of a leaf, of the coast, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A recess or sharp depression in any surface.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of beginning a line or series of lines at a little distance within the flush line of the column or page, as in the common way of beginning the first line of a paragraph.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The measure of the distance; <as>as, an <ex>indentation</ex> of one em, or of two ems</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Hanging</col>, &or; <col>Reverse</col>, <col>indentation</col></mcol>, <cd>indentation of all the lines of a paragraph except the first, which is a full line.</cd></cs>

<h1>Indented</h1>
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<hw>In*dent"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cut in the edge into points or inequalities, like teeth; jagged; notched; stamped in; dented on the surface.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having an uneven, irregular border; sinuous; undulating.</def>

<i>Milton. Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Notched like the part of a saw consisting of the teeth; serrated; <as>as, an <ex>indented</ex> border or ordinary</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Bound out by an indenture; apprenticed; indentured; <as>as, an <ex>indented</ex> servant</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Notched along the margin with a different color, as the feathers of some birds.</def>

<cs><col>Indented line</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>a line with alternate long and short faces, with salient and receding angles, each face giving a flanking fire along the front of the next.</cd></cs>

<h1>Indentedly</h1>
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<hw>In*dent"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With indentations.</def>

<h1>Indenting</h1>
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<hw>In*dent"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Indentation; an impression like that made by a tooth.</def>

<h1>Indention</h1>
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<hw>In*den"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Indentation</er>, 4.</def>

<h1>Indentment</h1>
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<hw>In*dent"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Indenture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Indenture</h1>
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<hw>In*den"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>endenture</ets>, OF. <ets>endenture</ets>, LL. <ets>indentura</ets> a deed in duplicate, with indented edges. See the Note below. See <er>Indent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of indenting, or state of being indented.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A mutual agreement in writing between two or more parties, whereof each party has usually a counterpart or duplicate; sometimes in the <pluf>pl.</pluf>, a short form for <altname>indentures of apprenticeship</altname>, the contract by which a youth is bound apprentice to a master.</def><-- obs? -->

<blockquote>The law is the best expositor of the gospel; they are like a pair of <b>indentures</b>: they answer in every part.
<i>C. Leslie.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Indentures were originally duplicates, laid together and intended by a notched cut or line, or else written on the same piece of parchment and separated by a notched line so that the two papers or parchments corresponded to each other. But indenting has gradually become a mere form, and is often neglected, while the writings or counterparts retain the name of <i>indentures</i>.</note>

<h1>Indenture</h1>
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<hw>In*den"ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Indentured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Indenturing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To indent; to make hollows, notches, or wrinkles in; to furrow.</def>

<blockquote>Though age may creep on, and <b>indenture</b> the brow.
<i>Woty.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bind by indentures or written contract; <as>as, to <ex>indenture</ex> an apprentice</as>.</def>

<h1>Indenture</h1>
<Xpage=750>

<hw>In*den"ture</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To run or wind in and out; to be cut or notched; to indent.</def>

<i>Heywood.</i>

<h1>Independence</h1>
<Xpage=750>

<hw>In`de*pend"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ind\'82pendance</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being independent; freedom from dependence; exemption from reliance on, or control by, others; self-subsistence or maintenance; direction of one's own affairs without interference.</def>

<blockquote>Let fortune do her worst, . . . as long as she never makes us lose our honesty and our <b>independence</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sufficient means for a comfortable livelihood.</def>

<cs><col>Declaration of Independence</col> <fld>(Amer. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>the declaration of the Congress of the Thirteen United States of America, on the 4th of July, 1776, by which they formally declared that these colonies were free and independent States, not subject to the government of Great Britain.</cd></cs>

<h1>Independency</h1>
<Xpage=750>

<hw>In`de*pend"en*cy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Independence.</def>

<blockquote>"Give me," I cried (enough for me),
"My bread, and <b>independency</b>!"
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Doctrine and polity of the Independents.</def>

<h1>Independent</h1>
<Xpage=750>

<hw>In`de*pend"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>dependent</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ind\'82pendant</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not dependent; free; not subject to control by others; not relying on others; not subordinate; <as>as, few men are wholly <ex>independent</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>A dry, but <b>independent</b> crust.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affording a comfortable livelihood; <as>as, an <ex>independent</ex> property</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not subject to bias or influence; not obsequious; self-directing; <as>as, a man of an <ex>independent</ex> mind</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Expressing or indicating the feeling of independence; free; easy; bold; unconstrained; <as>as, an <ex>independent</ex> air or manner</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Separate from; exclusive; irrespective.</def>

<blockquote>That obligation in general, under which we conceive ourselves bound to obey a law, <b>independent</b> of those resources which the law provides for its own enforcement.
<i>R. P. Ward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Belonging or pertaining to, or holding to the doctrines or methods of, the Independents.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Not dependent upon another quantity in respect to value or rate of variation; -- said of quantities or functions.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(U. S. Politics)</fld> <def>Not bound by party; exercising a free choice in voting with either or any party.</def>

<cs><col>Independent company</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>one not incorporated in any regiment.</cd> -- <col>Independent seconds watch</col>, <cd>a stop watch having a second hand driven by a separate set of wheels, springs, etc., for timing to a fraction of a second.</cd> -- <col>Independent variable</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Dependent variable</cref>, under <er>Dependent</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Free; uncontrolled; separate; uncoerced; self-reliant; bold; unconstrained; unrestricted.</syn>

<hr>
<page="751">
Page 751<p>

<h1>Independent</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In`de*pend"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One who believes that an organized Christian church is complete in itself, competent to self-government, and independent of all ecclesiastical authority.</def>

<note>&hand; In England the name is often applied (commonly in the <pluf>pl.</pluf>) to the Congregationalists.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Politics)</fld> <def>One who does not acknowledge an obligation to support a party's candidate under all circumstances; one who exercises liberty in voting.</def>

<h1>Independentism</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In`de*pend"ent*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Independency; the church system of Independents.</def>

<i>Bp. Gauden.</i>

<h1>Independently</h1>
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<hw>In`de*pend"ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an independent manner; without control.</def>

<h1>Indeposable</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In`de*pos"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being deposed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Princes <b>indeposable</b> by the pope.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indepravate</h1>
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<hw>In*dep"ra*vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indepravatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Undepraved.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Davies (Holy Roode).</i>

<h1>Indeprecable</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In*dep"re*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indeprecabilis</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Deprecate</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable or undeserving of being deprecated.</def>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Indeprehensible</h1>
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<hw>In*dep`re*hen"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indeprehensibilis</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Deprehensible</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being found out.</def>

<i>Bp. Morton.</i>

<h1>Indeprivable</h1>
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<hw>In`de*priv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being deprived, or of being taken away.</def>

<h1>Indescribable</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In`de*scrib"a*ble</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being described.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`de*scrib"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Indescriptive</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In`de*scrip"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not descriptive.</def>

<h1>Indesert</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In`de*sert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ill desert.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Indesinent</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In*des"i*nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indesinens</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Desinent</er>.]</ety> <def>Not ceasing; perpetual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Baxter</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In*des"i*nent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Indesirable</h1>
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<hw>In`de*sir"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Undesirable.</def>

<h1>Indestructibility</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In`de*struc`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>indestructibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being indestructible.</def>

<h1>Indestructible</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In`de*struc"ti*ble</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>destructible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indestructible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not destructible; incapable of decomposition or of being destroyed.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`de*struc"ti*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In`de*struc"ti*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Indeterminable</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In`de*ter"mi*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indeterminabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ind\'82terminable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and Determine.]</ety> <def>Not determinable; impossible to be determined; not to be definitely known, ascertained, defined, or limited.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`de*ter"mi*na*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Indeterminable</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In`de*ter"mi*na*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An indeterminable thing or quantity.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Indeterminate</h1>
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<hw>In`de*ter"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indeterminatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not determinate; not certain or fixed; indefinite; not precise; <as>as, an <ex>indeterminate</ex> number of years</as>.</def>

<i>Paley.</i>

<cs><col>Indeterminate analysis</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>that branch of analysis which has for its object the solution of indeterminate problems.</cd> -- <col>Indeterminate coefficients</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>coefficients arbitrarily assumed for convenience of calculation, or to facilitate some artifice of analysis. Their values are subsequently determined.</cd> -- <col>Indeterminate equation</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>an equation in which the unknown quantities admit of an infinite number of values, or sets of values. A group of equations is <i>indeterminate<i> when it contains more unknown quantities than there are equations.</cd> -- <col>Indeterminate inflorescence</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a mode of inflorescence in which the flowers all arise from axillary buds, the terminal bud going on to grow and sometimes continuing the stem indefinitely; -- called also <altname>acropetal, botryose, centripetal, &and; indefinite inflorescence</altname>. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Indeterminate problem</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a problem which admits of an infinite number of solutions, or one in which there are fewer imposed conditions than there are unknown or required results.</cd> -- <col>Indeterminate quantity</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a quantity which has no fixed value, but which may be varied in accordance with any proposed condition.</cd> -- <col>Indeterminate series</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a series whose terms proceed by the powers of an indeterminate quantity, sometimes also with indeterminate exponents, or indeterminate coefficients.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`de*ter"mi*nate*ly</wf> <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In`de*ter"mi*nate*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Indetermination</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In`de*ter`mi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>determination</ets>: cf. <ets>ind\'82termination</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of determination; an unsettled or wavering state, as of the mind.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Want of fixed or stated direction.</def>

<i>Abp. Bramhall.</i>

<h1>Indetermined</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In`de*ter"mined</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Undetermined.</def>

<h1>Indevirginate</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In`de*vir"gin*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>In-</er> not, <er>Devirginate</er>.]</ety> <def>Not devirginate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Indevote</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In*de*vote"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indevotus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ind\'82vot</ets>. Cf. <er>Indevout</er>.]</ety> <def>Not devoted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bentley. Clarendon.</i>

<h1>Indevotion</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In`de*vo"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indevotio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ind\'82votion</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of devotion; impiety; irreligion.</def> "An age of <i>indevotion</i>."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Indevout</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In*de*vout"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>devout</ets>. Cf. <er>Indevote</er>.]</ety> <def>Not devout.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In*de*vout"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Indew</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In*dew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To indue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Index</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In"dex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Indexes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Indices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>(<?/)</plu>. <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>index</ets>. See <er>Indicate</er>, <er>Diction</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which points out; that which shows, indicates, manifests, or discloses.</def>

<blockquote>Tastes are the <b>indexes</b> of the different qualities of plants.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which guides, points out, informs, or directs; a pointer or a hand that directs to anything, as the hand of a watch, a movable finger on a gauge, scale, or other graduated instrument. In printing, a sign [\'b5] used to direct particular attention to a note or paragraph; -- called also <altname>fist</altname>.</def><-- here represented by "&hand;" -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A table for facilitating reference to topics, names, and the like, in a book; -- usually alphabetical in arrangement, and printed at the end of the volume.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A prologue indicating what follows.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The second digit, that next pollex, in the manus, or hand; the forefinger; index finger.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The figure or letter which shows the power or root of a quantity; the exponent. <plu>[In this sense the plural is always <plw>indices</plw>.]</plu></def>

<cs><col>Index error</col>, <cd>the error in the reading of a mathematical instrument arising from the zero of the index not being in complete adjustment with that of the limb, or with its theoretically perfect position in the instrument; a correction to be applied to the instrument readings equal to the error of the zero adjustment.</cd> -- <col>Index expurgatorius</col>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <cd>See <cref>Index prohibitorius</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Index finger</col>. <cd>See <er>Index</er>, 5.</cd> -- <col>Index glass</col>, <cd>the mirror on the index of a quadrant, sextant, etc.</cd> -- <col>Index hand</col>, <cd>the pointer or hand of a clock, watch, or other registering machine; a hand that points to something.</cd> -- <col>Index of a logarithm</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>,  <cd>the integral part of the logarithm, and always one less than the number of integral figures in the given number. It is also called the <altname>characteristic</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Index of refraction</col>, &or; <col>Refractive index</col></mcol> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the number which expresses the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction. Thus the <i>index of refraction<i> for sulphur is 2, because, when light passes out of air into sulphur, the sine of the angle of incidence is double the sine of the angle of refraction.</cd> -- <col>Index plate</col>, <cd>a graduated circular plate, or one with circular rows of holes differently spaced; used in machines for graduating circles, cutting gear teeth, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Index prohibitorius</col> <ety>[L.]</ety>, or <col>Prohibitory index</col></mcol> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>a catalogue of books which are forbidden by the church to be read; the <i>index expurgatorius</i> <ety>[L.]</ety>, or <i>expurgatory index<i>, is a catalogue of books from which passages marked as against faith or morals must be removed before Catholics can read them. These catalogues are published with additions, from time to time, by the Congregation of the Index, composed of cardinals, theologians, etc., under the sanction of the pope.</cd> <i>Hook</i>. -- <col>Index rerum</col> <ety>[L.]</ety>, <cd>a tabulated and alphabetized notebook, for systematic preservation of items, quotations, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Index</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In"dex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Indexed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Indexing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To provide with an index or table of references; to put into an index; <as>as, to <ex>index</ex> a book, or its contents</as>.</def>

<h1>Indexer</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In"dex*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes an index.</def>

<h1>Indexical</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In*dex"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or like, an index; having the form of an index.</def>

<h1>Indexically</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In*dex"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of an index.</def>

<h1>Indexterity</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In`dex*ter"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>dexterity</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indext\'82rit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of dexterity or readiness, especially in the use of the hands; clumsiness; awkwardness.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>India</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In"di*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Indian</er>.]</ety> <def>A country in Southern Asia; the two peninsulas of Hither and Farther India; in a restricted sense, Hither India, or Hindostan.</def>

<cs><col>India ink</col>, <cd>a nearly black pigment brought chiefly from China, used for water colors. It is in rolls, or in square, and consists of lampblack or ivory black and animal glue. Called also <altname>China ink</altname>. The true India ink is sepia. See <er>Sepia</er>.</cd> -- <col>India matting</col>, <cd>floor matting made in China, India, etc., from grass and reeds; -- also called <altname>Canton, &or; China, matting</altname>.</cd> -- <col>India paper</col>, <cd>a variety of Chinese paper, of smooth but not glossy surface, used for printing from engravings, woodcuts, etc.</cd> -- <col>India proof</col> <fld>(Engraving)</fld>, <cd>a proof impression from an engraved plate, taken on India paper.</cd> -- <col>India rubber</col>. <cd>See <er>Caoutchouc</er>.</cd> -- <col>India-rubber tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any tree yielding caoutchouc, but especially the East Indian <spn>Ficus elastica</spn>, often cultivated for its large, shining, elliptical leaves.</cd></cs>

<h1>Indiadem</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In*di"a*dem</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To place or set in a diadem, as a gem or gems.</def>

<h1>Indiaman</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In"di*a*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Indiamen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A large vessel in the India trade.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Indian</h1>
<Xpage=751>

<hw>In"di*an</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <ety>[From <ets>India</ets>, and this fr. <ets>Indus</ets>, the name of a river in Asia, L. <ets>Indus</ets>, Gr. <?/, OPers. <ets>Hindu</ets>, name of the land on the Indus, Skr. <ets>sindhu</ets> river, the Indus. Cf. <er>Hindoo</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to India proper; also to the East Indies, or, sometimes, to the West Indies.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the aborigines, or Indians, of America; <as>as, <ex>Indian</ex> wars; the <ex>Indian</ex> tomahawk.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Made of maize or Indian corn; <as>as, <ex>Indian</ex> corn, <ex>Indian</ex> meal, <ex>Indian</ex> bread, and the like</as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Indian</col> bay <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a lauraceous tree (<spn>Persea Indica</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Indian bean</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name of the catalpa.</cd> -- <col>Indian berry</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Cocculus indicus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indian bread</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Cassava</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indian club</col>, <cd>a wooden club, which is swung by the hand for gymnastic exercise.</cd> -- <col>Indian cordage</col>, <cd>cordage made of the fibers of cocoanut husk.</cd> -- <col>Indian corn</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Zea</spn> (<spn>Z. Mays</spn>); the maize, a native of America. See <er>Corn</er>, and <er>Maize</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indian cress</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>nasturtium. See <er>Nasturtium</er>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Indian cucumber</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Medeola</spn> (<spn>M. Virginica</spn>), a common in woods in the United States. The white rootstock has a taste like cucumbers.</cd> -- <col>Indian currant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Symphoricarpus</spn> (<spn>S. vulgaris</spn>), bearing small red berries.</cd> -- <col>Indian dye</col>, <cd>the puccoon.</cd> -- <col>Indian fig</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The banyan. See <er>Banyan</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The prickly pear.</cd> -- <col>Indian file</col>, <cd>single file; arrangement of persons in a row following one after another, the usual way among Indians of traversing woods, especially when on the war path.</cd> -- <col>Indian fire</col>, <cd>a pyrotechnic composition of sulphur, niter, and realgar, burning with a brilliant white light.</cd> -- <col>Indian grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coarse, high grass (<spn>Chrysopogon nutans</spn>), common in the southern portions of the United States; wood grass. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Indian hemp</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A plant of the genus <spn>Apocynum</spn> (<spn>A. cannabinum</spn>), having a milky juice, and a tough, fibrous bark, whence the name. The root it used in medicine and is both emetic and cathartic in properties.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The variety of common hemp (<spn>Cannabis Indica</spn>), from which hasheesh is obtained.</cd> -- <col>Indian mallow</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the velvet leaf (<spn>Abutilon Avicenn\'91</spn>). See <er>Abutilon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indian meal</col>, <cd>ground corn or maize.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Indian millet</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tall annual grass (<spn>Sorghum vulgare</spn>), having many varieties, among which are broom corn, Guinea corn, durra, and the Chinese sugar cane. It is called also <altname>Guinea corn</altname>. See <er>Durra</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indian ox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the zebu.</cd> -- <col>Indian paint</col>. <cd>See <er>Bloodroot</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indian paper</col>. <cd>See <cref>India paper</cref>, under <er>India</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indian physic</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of two species of the genus <spn>Gillenia</spn> (<spn>G. trifoliata</spn>, and <spn>G. stipulacea</spn>), common in the United States, the roots of which are used in medicine as a mild emetic; -- called also <altname>American ipecac</altname>, and <altname>bowman's root</altname>. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Indian pink</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The Cypress vine (<spn>Ipom\'d2a Quamoclit</spn>); -- so called in the West Indies.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See <cref>China pink</cref>, under <er>China</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indian pipe</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a low, fleshy herb (<spn>Monotropa uniflora</spn>), growing in clusters in dark woods, and having scalelike leaves, and a solitary nodding flower. The whole plant is waxy white, but turns black in drying.</cd> -- <col>Indian plantain</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to several species of the genus <spn>Cacalia</spn>, tall herbs with composite white flowers, common through the United States in rich woods. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Indian poke</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant usually known as the <altname>white hellebore</altname> (<spn>Veratrum viride</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Indian pudding</col>, <cd>a pudding of which the chief ingredients are Indian meal, milk, and molasses.</cd> -- <col>Indian purple</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A dull purple color.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The pigment of the same name, intensely blue and black.</cd> -- <col>Indian red</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A purplish red earth or pigment composed of a silicate of iron and alumina, with magnesia. It comes from the Persian Gulf. Called also <altname>Persian red</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See <er>Almagra</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indian rice</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a reedlike water grass. See <er>Rice</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indian shot</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Canna</spn> (<spn>C. Indica</spn>). The hard black seeds are as large as swan shot. See <er>Canna</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indian summer</col>, <cd>in the United States, a period of warm and pleasant weather occurring late in autumn. See under <er>Summer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indian tobacco</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of <spn>Lobelia</spn>. See <er>Lobelia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indian turnip</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American plant of the genus <spn>Aris\'91ma</spn>. <spn>A. triphyllum</spn> has a wrinkled farinaceous root resembling a small turnip, but with a very acrid juice. See <er>Jack in the Pulpit</er>, and <er>Wake-robin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indian wheat</col>, <cd>maize or Indian corn.</cd> -- <col>Indian yellow</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An intense rich yellow color, deeper than gamboge but less pure than cadmium.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See <er>Euxanthin</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Indian</h1>
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<hw>In"di*an</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of India.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the aboriginal inhabitants of America; -- so called originally from the supposed identity of America with India.</def>

<h1>Indianeer</h1>
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<hw>In`di*an*eer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An Indiaman.</def>

<h1>India rubber</h1>
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<hw>In"di*a rub"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. See <er>Caoutchouc</er>.</def>

<h1>Indical</h1>
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<hw>In"dic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>index</ets>, <ets>indicis</ets>, an index.]</ety> <def>Indexical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Indican</h1>
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<hw>In"di*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Indigo</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside obtained from woad (indigo plant) and other plants, as a yellow or light brown sirup. It has a nauseous bitter taste, a decomposes or drying. By the action of acids, ferments, etc., it breaks down into sugar and indigo. It is the source of natural indigo.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An indigo-forming substance, found in urine, and other animal fluids, and convertible into red and blue indigo (<i>urrhodin</i> and <i>uroglaucin</i>). Chemically, it is indoxyl sulphate of potash, <chform>C8H6NSO4K</chform>, and is derived from the indol formed in the alimentary canal. Called also <altname>uroxanthin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Indicant</h1>
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<hw>In"di*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indicans</ets>, p. pr. <ets>indicare</ets>. See <er>Indicate</er>.]</ety> <def>Serving to point out, as a remedy; indicating.</def>

<h1>Indicant</h1>
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<hw>In"di*cant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which indicates or points out; <as>as, an <ex>indicant</ex> of the remedy for a disease</as>.</def>

<h1>Indicate</h1>
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<hw>In"di*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Indicated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Indicating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>indicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>indicare</ets> to indicate; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>dicare</ets> to proclaim; akin to <ets>dicere</ets> to say. See <er>Diction</er>, and cf. <er>Indict</er>, <er>Indite</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To point out; to discover; to direct to a knowledge of; to show; to make known.</def>

<blockquote>That turns and turns to <b>indicate</b>
From what point blows the weather.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To show or manifest by symptoms; to point to as the proper remedies; <as>as, great prostration of strength <ex>indicates</ex> the use of stimulants</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>To investigate the condition or power of, as of steam engine, by means of an indicator.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To show; mark; signify; denote; discover; evidence; evince; manifest; declare; specify; explain; exhibit; present; reveal; disclose; display.</syn>

<h1>Indicated</h1>
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<hw>In"di*ca`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shown; denoted; registered; measured.</def>

<cs><col>Indicated power</col>. <cd>See <cref>Indicated horse power</cref>, under <er>Horse power</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Indication</h1>
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<hw>In`di*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indicatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indication</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of pointing out or indicating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which serves to indicate or point out; mark; token; sign; symptom; evidence.</def>

<blockquote>The frequent stops they make in the most convenient places are plain <b>indications</b> of their weariness.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Discovery made; information.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Explanation; display.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any symptom or occurrence in a disease, which serves to direct to suitable remedies.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Proof; demonstration; sign; token; mark; evidence; signal.</syn>

<h1>Indicative</h1>
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<hw>In*dic"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indicativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indicatif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pointing out; bringing to notice; giving intimation or knowledge of something not visible or obvious.</def>

<blockquote>That truth id productive of utility, and utility <b>indicative</b> of truth, may be thus proved.
<i>Bp. Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Suggestive; representing the whole by a part, as a fleet by a ship, a forest by a tree, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Indicative mood</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>that mood or form of the verb which indicates, that is, which simply affirms or denies or inquires; as, he <i>writes<i>; he <i>is not writing<i>; <i>has<i> the mail <i>arrived<i>?</cd></cs>

<h1>Indicative</h1>
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<hw>In*dic"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The indicative mood.</def>

<h1>Indicatively</h1>
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<hw>In*dic"a*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an indicative manner; in a way to show or signify.</def>

<h1>Indicator</h1>
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<hw>In"di*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>indicateur</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, shows or points out; <as>as, a fare <ex>indicator</ex> in a street car</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A pressure gauge; a water gauge, as for a steam boiler; an apparatus or instrument for showing the working of a machine or moving part</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>An instrument which draws a diagram showing the varying pressure in the cylinder of an engine or pump at every point of the stroke. It consists of a small cylinder communicating with the engine cylinder and fitted with a piston which the varying pressure drives upward more or less against the resistance of a spring. A lever imparts motion to a pencil which traces the diagram on a card wrapped around a vertical drum which is turned back and forth by a string connected with the piston rod of the engine. See <cref>Indicator card</cref> (below).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A telltale connected with a hoisting machine, to show, at the surface, the position of the cage in the shaft of a mine, etc.</def>

<hr>
<page="752">
Page 752<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The part of an instrument by which an effect is indicated, as an index or pointer.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the genus <spn>Indicator</spn> and allied genera. See <cref>Honey guide</cref>, under <er>Honey</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>That which indicates the condition of acidity, alkalinity, or the deficiency, excess, or sufficiency of a standard reagent, by causing an appearance, disappearance, or change of color, as in titration or volumetric analysis.</def>

<note>&hand; The common indicators are limits, trop\'91olin, phenol phthalein, potassic permanganate, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Indicator card</col>, <cd>the figure drawn by an engine indicator, by means of which the working of the engine can be investigated and its power calculated. The Illustration shows one form of indicator card, from a steam engine, together with scales by which the pressure of the steam above or below that of the atmosphere, corresponding to any position of the engine piston in its stroke, can be measured. Called also <altname>indicator diagram</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Indicator telegraph</col>, <cd>a telegraph in which the signals are the deflections of a magnetic needle, as in the trans-Atlantic system.</cd></cs>

<h1>Indicatory</h1>
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<hw>In"di*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to show or make known; showing; indicative; signifying; implying.</def>

<h1>Indicatrix</h1>
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<hw>In`di*ca"trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Geom. of Three Dimensions)</fld> <def>A certain conic section supposed to be drawn in the tangent plane to any surface, and used to determine the accidents of curvature of the surface at the point of contact. The curve is similar to the intersection of the surface with a parallel to the tangent plane and indefinitely near it. It is an ellipse when the curvature is synclastic, and an hyperbola when the curvature is anticlastic.</def>

<h1>Indicavit</h1>
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<hw>In`di*ca"vit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., he has indicated.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A writ of prohibition against proceeding in the spiritual court in certain cases, when the suit belongs to the common-law courts.</def>

<i>Wharton (Law Dict. ).</i>

<h1>Indice</h1>
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<hw>In"dice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>indice</ets> indication, index. See <er>Index</er>.]</ety> <def>Index; indication.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Indices</h1>
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<hw>In"di*ces</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Index</er>.</def>

<h1>Indicia</h1>
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<hw>In*di"ci*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., pl. of <ets>indicium</ets>, fr. <ets>index</ets> an index.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Discriminating marks; signs; tokens; indications; appearances.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Indicible</h1>
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<hw>In*dic"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Unspeakable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Indicolite</h1>
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<hw>In*dic"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indicum</ets> indigo + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indicolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of tourmaline of an indigo-blue color.</def>

<h1>Indict</h1>
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<hw>In*dict"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Indicted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Indicting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>enditen</ets>. See <er>Indite</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To write; to compose; to dictate; to indite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To appoint publicly or by authority; to proclaim or announce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I am told shall have no Lent <b>indicted</b> this year.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To charge with a crime, in due form of law, by the finding or presentment of a grand jury; to find an indictment against; <as>as, to <ex>indict</ex> a man for arson</as>. It is the peculiar province of a grand jury to <i>indict</i>, as it is of a house of representatives to <i>impeach</i>.</def>

<h1>Indictable</h1>
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<hw>In*dict"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being, or liable to be, indicted; subject to indictment; <as>as, an <ex>indictable</ex> offender or offense</as>.</def>

<h1>Indictee</h1>
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<hw>In`dict*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person indicted.</def>

<h1>Indicter</h1>
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<hw>In*dict"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who indicts.</def>

<h1>Indiction</h1>
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<hw>In*dic"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indictio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indiction</ets>. See <er>Indict</er>, <er>Indite</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Declaration; proclamation; public notice or appointment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Indiction</i> of a war."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Secular princes did use to indict, or permit the <b>indiction</b> of, synods of bishops.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cycle of fifteen years.</def>

<note>&hand; This mode of reckoning time is said to have been introduced by Constantine the Great, in connection with the payment of tribute. It was adopted at various times by the Greek emperors of Constantinople, the popes, and the parliaments of France. Through the influence of the popes, it was extensively used in the ecclesiastical chronology of the Middle Ages. The number of indictions was reckoned at first from 312 <sc>a.  d.</sc>, but since the twelfth century it has been reckoned from the birth of Christ. The papal indiction is the only one ever used at the present day. To find the indiction and year of the indiction by the first method, subtract 312 from the given year <sc>a. d.</sc>, and divide by 15; by the second method, add 3 to the given year <sc>a. d.</sc>, and the divide by 15. In either case, the quotient is the number of the current indiction, and the remainder the year of the indiction. See <cref>Cycle of indiction</cref>, under <er>Cycle</er>.</note>

<h1>Indictive</h1>
<Xpage=752>

<hw>In*dic"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indictivus</ets>. See <er>Indict</er>.]</ety> <def>Proclaimed; declared; public.</def>

<i>Kennet.</i>

<h1>Indictment</h1>
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<hw>In*dict"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Inditement</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of indicting, or the state of being indicted.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The formal statement of an offense, as framed by the prosecuting authority of the State, and found by the grand jury.</def>

<note>&hand; To the validity of an indictment a finding by the grand jury is essential, while an information rests only on presentation by the prosecuting authority.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An accusation in general; a formal accusation.</def>

<cs><col>Bill of indictment</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bill</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Indictor</h1>
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<hw>In*dict"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who indicts.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Indies</h1>
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<hw>In"dies</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>A name designating the East Indies, also the West Indies.</def>

<blockquote>Our king has all the <b>Indies</b> in his arms.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indifference</h1>
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<hw>In*dif"fer*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indifferentia</ets> similarity, want of difference: cf. F. <ets>indiff\'82rence</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being indifferent, or not making a difference; want of sufficient importance to constitute a difference; absence of weight; insignificance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Passableness; mediocrity.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Impartiality; freedom from prejudice, prepossession, or bias.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . is far from such <b>indifference</b> and equity as ought and must be in judges which he saith I assign.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Absence of anxiety or interest in respect to what is presented to the mind; unconcernedness; <as>as, entire <ex>indifference</ex> to all that occurs</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Indifference</b> can not but be criminal, when it is conversant about objects which are so far from being of an indifferent nature, that they are highest importance.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Carelessness; negligence; unconcern; apathy; insensibility; coldness; lukewarmness.</syn>

<h1>Indifferency</h1>
<Xpage=752>

<hw>In*dif"fer*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Absence of interest in, or influence from, anything; unconcernedness; equilibrium; indifferentism; indifference.</def>

<i>Gladstone.</i>

<blockquote>To give ourselves to a detestable <b>indifferency</b> or neutrality in this cause.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Moral liberty . . . does not, after all, consist in a power of <b>indifferency</b>, or in a power of choosing without regard to motives.
<i>Hazlitt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indifferent</h1>
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<hw>In*dif"fer*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>indiff\'82rent</ets>, L. <ets>indifferens</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Different</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not mal<?/ing a difference; having no influence or preponderating weight; involving no preference, concern, or attention; of no account; without significance or importance.</def>

<blockquote>Dangers are to me <b>indifferent</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Everything in the world is <b>indifferent</b> but sin.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His slightest and most <b>indifferent</b> acts . . . were odious in the clergyman's sight.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Neither particularly good, not very bad; of a middle state or quality; passable; mediocre.</def>

<blockquote>The staterooms are in <b>indifferent</b> order.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not inclined to one side, party, or choice more than to another; neutral; impartial.</def>

<blockquote><b>Indifferent</b> in his choice to sleep or die.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Feeling no interest, anxiety, or care, respecting anything; unconcerned; inattentive; apathetic; heedless; <as>as, to be <ex>indifferent</ex> to the welfare of one's family</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It was a law of Solon, that any person who, in the civil commotions of the republic, remained neuter, or an <b>indifferent</b> spectator of the contending parties, should be condemned to perpetual banishment.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Free from bias or prejudice; impartial; unbiased; disinterested.</def>

<blockquote>In choice of committees for ripening business for the counsel, it is better <b>indifferent</b> persons than to make an indifferency by putting in those that are strong on both sides.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Indifferent tissue</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the primitive, embryonic, undifferentiated tissue, before conversion into connective, muscular, nervous, or other definite tissue.</cd></cs>

<h1>Indifferent</h1>
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<hw>In*dif"fer*ent</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>To a moderate degree; passably; tolerably.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "News <i>indifferent</i> good."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Indifferentism</h1>
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<hw>In*dif"fer*ent*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>indiff\'82rentisme</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>State of indifference; want of interest or earnestness; especially, a systematic apathy regarding what is true or false in religion or philosophy; agnosticism.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>indifferentism</b> which equalizes all religions and gives equal rights to truth and error.
<i>Cardinal Manning.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Identism</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A heresy consisting in an unconcern for any particular creed, provided the morals be right and good.</def>

<i>Gregory XVI.</i>

<h1>Indifferentist</h1>
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<hw>In*dif"fer*ent*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One governed by indifferentism.</def>

<h1>Indifferently</h1>
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<hw>In*dif"fer*ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an indifferent manner; without distinction or preference; impartially; without concern, wish, affection, or aversion; tolerably; passably.</def>

<blockquote>That they may truly and <b>indifferently</b> minister justice, to the punishment of wickedness and vice, and to the maintenance of thy true religion, and virtue.
<i>Book of Com. Prayer [Eng. Ed. ]</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Set honor in one eye and death i' the other,
And I will look on both <b>indifferently</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I hope it may <b>indifferently</b> entertain your lordship at an unbending hour.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indifulvin</h1>
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<hw>In`di*ful"vin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Indi</ets>can + L. <ets>fulvus</ets> reddish yellow.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A reddish resinous substance, obtained from indican.</def>

<h1>Indifuscin</h1>
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<hw>In`di*fus"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Indi</ets>can + L. <ets>fuscus</ets> dusky.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A brown amorphous powder, obtained from indican.</def>

<h1>Indigeen</h1>
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<hw>In"di*geen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Indigene</er>.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Indigence</h1>
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<hw>In"di*gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indigentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indigence</ets>. See <er>Indigent</er>.]</ety> <def>The condition of being indigent; want of estate, or means of comfortable subsistence; penury; poverty; <as>as, helpless, <ex>indigence</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Poverty; penury; destitution; want; need; privation; lack. See <er>Poverty</er>.</syn>

<h1>Indigency</h1>
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<hw>In"di*gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Indigence.</def>

<blockquote>New <b>indigencies</b> founded upon new desires.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indigene</h1>
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<hw>In"di*gene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indigena</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indig\'8ane</ets>. See <er>Indigenous</er>.]</ety> <def>One born in a country; an aboriginal animal or plant; an autochthon.</def>

<i>Evelyn. Tylor.</i>

<h1>Indigenous</h1>
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<hw>In*dig"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indigenus</ets>, <ets>indigena</ets>, fr. OL. <ets>indu</ets> (fr. <ets>in</ets> in) + the root of L. <ets>gignere</ets> to beget, bear. See <er>In</er>, and <er>Gender</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Native; produced, growing, or living, naturally in a country or climate; not exotic; not imported.</def>

<blockquote>Negroes were all transported from Africa and are not <b>indigenous</b> or proper natives of America.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In America, cotton, being <b>indigenous</b>, is cheap.
<i>Lion Playas.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Native; inherent; innate.</def>

<blockquote>Joy and hope are emotions <b>indigenous</b> to the human mind.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indigent</h1>
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<hw>In"di*gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indigent</ets>, L. <ets>indigens</ets>, p. p. of <ets>indigere</ets> to stand in need of, fr. OL. <ets>indu</ets> (fr. <ets>in-</ets> in) + L. <ets>egere</ets> to be needy, to need.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanting; void; free; destitute; -- used with <i>of</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destitute of property or means of comfortable subsistence; needy; poor; in want; necessitous.</def>

<blockquote><b>Indigent</b> faint souls past corporal toil.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Charity consists in relieving the <b>indigent</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indigently</h1>
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<hw>In"di*gent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an indigent manner.</def>

<h1>Indigest</h1>
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<hw>In`di*gest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indigestus</ets> unarranged. See <er>Indigested</er>.]</ety> <def>Crude; unformed; unorganized; undigested.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A chaos rude and <i>indigest</i>." <i>W. Browne</i>. "Monsters and things <i>indigest</i>." <i>Shak</i>.

<h1>Indigest</h1>
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<hw>In`di*gest"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something indigested.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Indigested</h1>
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<hw>In`di*gest"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>digested</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not digested; undigested.</def> "<i>Indigested</i> food."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not resolved; not regularly disposed and arranged; not methodical; crude; <as>as, an <ex>indigested</ex> array of facts</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In hot reformations . . . the whole is generally crude, harsh, and <b>indigested</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This, like an <b>indigested</b> meteor, appeared and disappeared almost at the same time.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Not in a state suitable for healing; -- said of wounds.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not ripened or suppurated; -- said of an abscess or its contents.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not softened by heat, hot water, or steam.</def>

<h1>Indigestedness</h1>
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<hw>In`di*gest"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being undigested; crudeness.</def>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Indigestibility</h1>
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<hw>In*di*gest`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being indigestible; indigestibleness.</def>

<h1>Indigestible</h1>
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<hw>In`di*gest"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indigestibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indigestible</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Digest</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not digestible; not readily soluble in the digestive juices; not easily convertible into products fitted for absorption.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not digestible in the mind; distressful; intolerable; <as>as, an <ex>indigestible</ex> simile</as>.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`di*gest"i*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In`di*gest"i*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Indigestion</h1>
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<hw>In`di*ges"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indigestio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indigestion</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Digest</er>.]</ety> <def>Lack of proper digestive action; a failure of the normal changes which food should undergo in the alimentary canal; dyspepsia; incomplete or difficult digestion.</def>

<h1>Indigitate</h1>
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<hw>In*dig"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + L. <ets>digitus</ets> finger.]</ety> <def>To communicative ideas by the fingers; to show or compute by the fingers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Indigitate</h1>
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<hw>In*dig"i*tate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Indigitated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Indigitating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To point out with the finger; to indicate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The depressing this finger, . . . in the right hand <b>indigitate<?/</b> six hundred.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indigitation</h1>
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<hw>In*dig`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of pointing out as with the finger; indication.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Indiglucin</h1>
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<hw>In`di*glu"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Indi</ets>can + <ets>glucin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The variety of sugar (glucose) obtained from the glucoside indican. It is unfermentable, but reduces Fehling's solution.</def>

<h1>Indign</h1>
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<hw>In*dign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indignus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>dignus</ets> worthy: cf. F. <ets>indigne</ets>. See <er>Dignity</er>.]</ety> <def>Unworthy; undeserving; disgraceful; degrading.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Counts it scorn to draw
Comfort <b>indign</b> from any meaner thing.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indignance, Indignancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>In*dig"nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*dig"nan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Indignation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Indignant</h1>
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<hw>In*dig"nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indignans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>indignari</ets> to be indignant, disdain. See <er>Indign</er>.]</ety> <def>Affected with indignation; wrathful; passionate; irate; feeling wrath, as when a person is exasperated by unworthy or unjust treatment, by a mean action, or by a degrading accusation.</def>

<blockquote>He strides <b>indignant</b>, and with haughty cries
To single fight the fairy prince defies.
<i>Tickell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indignantly</h1>
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<hw>In*dig"nant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an indignant manner.</def>

<h1>Indignation</h1>
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<hw>In`dig*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>indignation</ets>, L. <ets>indignatio</ets>. See <er>Indign</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The feeling excited by that which is unworthy, base, or disgraceful; anger mingled with contempt, disgust, or abhorrence.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote><b>Indignation</b> expresses a strong and elevated disapprobation of mind, which is also inspired by something flagitious in the conduct of another.
<i>Cogan.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When Haman saw Mordecai in the king's gate, that he stood not up, nor moved for him, he was full of <b>indignation</b> against Mordecai.
<i>Esther v. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The effect of anger; punishment.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Hide thyself . . . until the <b>indignation</b> be overpast.
<i>Is. xxvi. 20.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Anger; ire wrath; fury; rage. See <er>Anger</er>.</syn>

<h1>Indignify</h1>
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<hw>In*dig"ni*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indignus</ets> unworthy + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To treat disdainfully or with indignity; to contemn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Indignity</h1>
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<hw>In*dig"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Indignities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>indignitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indignit\'82</ets>. See <er>Indign</er>.]</ety> <def>Any action toward another which manifests contempt for him; an offense against personal dignity; unmerited contemptuous treatment; contumely; incivility or injury, accompanied with insult.</def>

<blockquote>How might a prince of my great hopes forget
So great <b>indignities</b> you laid upon me?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A person of so great place and worth constrained to endure so foul <b>indignities</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indignly</h1>
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<hw>In*dign"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Unworthily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Indigo</h1>
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<hw>In"di*go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Indigoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>indigo</ets>, Sp. <ets>indigo</ets>, <ets>indico</ets>, L. <ets>indicum</ets> indigo, fr. <ets>Indicus</ets> Indian. See <er>Indian</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of deep blue, one of the seven prismatic colors.</def>

<hr>
<page="753">
Page 753<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A blue dyestuff obtained from several plants belonging to very different genera and orders; <as>as, the woad, <spn>Isatis tinctoria</spn>, <spn>Indigofera tinctoria</spn>, <spn>I. Anil</spn>, <spn>Nereum tinctorium</spn>, etc.</as> It is a dark blue earthy substance, tasteless and odorless, with a copper-violet luster when rubbed. Indigo does not exist in the plants as such, but is obtained by decomposition of the glycoside indican.</def>

<note>&hand; Commercial indigo contains the essential coloring principle <i>indigo blue</i> or <i>indigotine</i>, with several other dyes; as, <i>indigo red</i>, <i>indigo brown</i>, etc., and various impurities. Indigo is insoluble in ordinary reagents, with the exception of strong sulphuric acid.</note>

<cs><col>Chinese indigo</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd><spn>Isatis indigotica</spn>, a kind of woad.</cd> -- <col>Wild indigo</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the American herb <spn>Baptisia tinctoria</spn> which yields a poor quality of indigo, as do several other species of the same genus.</cd></cs>

<h1>Indigo</h1>
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<hw>In"di*go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the color of, pertaining to, or derived from, indigo.</def>

<cs><col>Indigo berry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the fruit of the West Indian shrub <spn>Randia aculeata</spn>, used as a blue dye.</cd> -- <col>Indigo bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small North American finch (<spn>Cyanospiza cyanea</spn>). The male is indigo blue in color. Called also <altname>indigo bunting</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Indigo blue</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The essential coloring material of commercial indigo, from which it is obtained as a dark blue earthy powder, with a reddish luster, <chform>C16H10N2O2</chform>, which may be crystallized by sublimation. Indigo blue is also made from artificial amido cinnamic acid, and from artificial isatine; and these methods are of great commercial importance. Called also <altname>indigotin</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A dark, dull blue color like the indigo of commerce.</cd> -- <col>Indigo brown</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a brown resinous substance found in crude indigo.</cd> -- <col>Indigo copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>covellite.</cd> -- <col>Indigo green</col>, <cd>a green obtained from indigo.</cd> -- <col>Indigo plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leguminous plant of several species (genus <spn>Indigofera</spn>), from which indigo is prepared. The different varieties are natives of Asia, Africa, and America. Several species are cultivated, of which the most important are the <spn>I. tinctoria</spn>, or common indigo plant, the <spn>I. Anil</spn>, a larger species, and the <spn>I. disperma</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Indigo purple</col>, <cd>a purple obtained from indigo.</cd> -- <col>Indigo red</col>, <cd>a dyestuff, isomeric with indigo blue, obtained from crude indigo as a dark brown amorphous powder.</cd> -- <col>Indigo snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the gopher snake.</cd> -- <col>Indigo white</col>, <cd>a white crystalline powder obtained by reduction from indigo blue, and by oxidation easily changed back to it; -- called also <altname>indigogen</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Indigo yellow</col>, <cd>a substance obtained from indigo.</cd></cs>

<h1>Indigofera</h1>
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<hw>In`di*gof"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from E. <ets>indigo</ets> + L. <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of leguminous plants having many species, mostly in tropical countries, several of them yielding indigo, esp. <spn>Indigofera tinctoria</spn>, and <spn>I. Anil</spn>.</def>

<h1>Indigogen</h1>
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<hw>In"di*go*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Indigo</ets> + -<ets>gen</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Indigo white</cref>, under <er>Indigo</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Indican</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Indigometer</h1>
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<hw>In`di*gom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Indigo</ets> + -<ets>meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for ascertaining the strength of an indigo solution, as in volumetric analysis.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Indigometry</h1>
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<hw>In`di*gom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or method of determining the coloring power of indigo.</def>

<h1>Indigotic</h1>
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<hw>In`di*got"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>indigotique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, indigo; <as>as, <ex>indigotic</ex> acid, which is also called <ex>anilic</ex> or <ex>nitrosalicylic acid</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Indigotin</h1>
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<hw>In"di*go*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Indigo blue</cref>, under <er>Indigo</er>.</def>

<h1>Indigrubin</h1>
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<hw>In`dig*ru"bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Indigo</ets> + L. <ets>ruber</ets> red.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Urrhodin</er>.</def>

<h1>Indihumin</h1>
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<hw>In`di*hu"min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Indi</ets>can + <ets>humin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A brown amorphous substance resembling humin, and obtained from indican.</def>

<h1>Indilatory</h1>
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<hw>In*dil"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not dilatory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Indiligence</h1>
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<hw>In*dil"i*gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indiligentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indiligence</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of diligence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Indiligent</h1>
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<hw>In*dil"i*gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indiligens</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indiligent</ets>. See <er>Diligent</er>.]</ety> <def>Not diligent; idle; slothful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Feltham</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In*dil"i*gent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Indiminishable</h1>
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<hw>In`di*min"ish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being diminished.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Indin</h1>
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<hw>In"din</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Indigo</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A dark red crystalline substance, isomeric with and resembling indigo blue, and obtained from isatide and dioxindol.</def>

<h1>Indirect</h1>
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<hw>In`di*rect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>direct</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indirect</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not direct; not straight or rectilinear; deviating from a direct line or course; circuitous; <as>as, an <ex>indirect</ex> road</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not tending to an aim, purpose, or result by the plainest course, or by obvious means, but obliquely or consequentially; by remote means; <as>as, an <ex>indirect</ex> accusation, attack, answer, or proposal</as>.</def>

<blockquote>By what bypaths and <b>indirect</b>, crooked ways
I met this crown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not straightforward or upright; unfair; dishonest; tending to mislead or deceive.</def>

<blockquote><b>Indirect</b> dealing will be discovered one time or other.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not resulting directly from an act or cause, but more or less remotely connected with or growing out of it; <as>as, <ex>indirect</ex> results, damages, or claims</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Logic & Math.)</fld> <def>Not reaching the end aimed at by the most plain and direct method; <as>as, an <ex>indirect</ex> proof, demonstration, etc.</as></def>

<cs><col>Indirect claims</col>, <cd>claims for remote or consequential damage. Such claims were presented to and thrown out by the commissioners who arbitrated the damage inflicted on the United States by the Confederate States cruisers built and supplied by Great Britain.</cd> -- <col>Indirect demonstration</col>, <cd>a mode of demonstration in which proof is given by showing that any other supposition involves an absurdity (<i>reductio ad absurdum<i>), or an impossibility; thus, one quantity may be proved equal to another by showing that it can be neither greater nor less.</cd> -- <col>Indirect discourse</col>. <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Direct discourse</cref>, under <er>Direct</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indirect evidence</col>, <cd>evidence or testimony which is circumstantial or inferential, but without witness; -- opposed to <i>direct evidence<i>.</cd> -- <col>Indirect tax</col>, <cd>a tax, such as customs, excises, <-- VAT,-->etc., exacted directly from the merchant, but paid indirectly by the consumer in the higher price demanded for the articles of merchandise.</cd></cs>

<h1>Indirected</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`di*rect"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not directed; aimless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Indirection</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`di*rec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>indirection</ets>.]</ety> <def>Oblique course or means; dishonest practices; indirectness.</def> "By <i>indirections</i> find directions out."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Indirectly</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`di*rect"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an direct manner; not in a straight line or course; not in express terms; obliquely; not by direct means; hence, unfairly; wrongly.</def>

<blockquote>To tax it <b>indirectly</b> by taxing their expense.
<i>A. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Your crown and kingdom <b>indirectly</b> held.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indirectness</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`di*rect"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being indirect; obliquity; deviousness; crookedness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deviation from an upright or straightforward course; unfairness; dishonesty.</def>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Indiretin</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`di*re"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Indi</ets>an + Gr. <?/ resin.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A dark brown resinous substance obtained from indican.</def>

<h1>Indirubin</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`di*ru"bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Indi</ets>go + L. <ets>ruber</ets> red.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance isomeric with, and resembling, indigo blue, and accompanying it as a side product, in its artificial production.</def>

<h1>Indiscernible</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*cern"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>discernible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indiscernable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not to be discerned; imperceptible; not discoverable or visible.</def>

<blockquote>Secret and <b>indiscernible</b> ways.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`dis*cern"i*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In`dis*cern"i*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Indiscerpibility, Indiscerptibility</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw><hw>In`dis*cerp`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`dis*cerp`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being indiscerpible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Indiscerpible, Indiscerptible</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw><hw>In`dis*cerp"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`dis*cerp"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not discerpible; inseparable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Bp. Butler</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In`dis*cerp"i*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt>, <wf>In`dis*cerp"ti*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wf>In`dis*cerp"ti*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Indisciplinable</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In*dis"ci*plin*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>disciplinable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indisciplinable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not disciplinable; undisciplinable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Indiscipline</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In*dis"ci*pline</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indisplina</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indiscipline</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Discipline</er>.]</ety> <def>Want of discipline or instruction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Indiscoverable</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*cov"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not discoverable; undiscoverable.</def>

<i>J. Conybeare.</i>

<h1>Indiscovery</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*cov"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of discovery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Indiscreet</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*creet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>indiscret</ets>, F. <ets>indiscret</ets>, fr. L. <ets>indiscretus</ets> unseparated, indiscreet. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Discreet</er>, and cf. <er>Indiscrete</er>.]</ety> <def>Not discreet; wanting in discretion.</def>

<blockquote>So drunken, and so <b>indiscreet</b> an officer.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Imprudent; injudicious; inconsiderate; rash; hasty; incautious; heedless; undiscerning; foolish.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`dis*creet"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In`dis*creet"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Indiscrete</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*crete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indiscretus</ets> unseparated. See <er>Indiscreet</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Indiscreet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not discrete or separated; compact; homogenous.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>indiscrete</b> mass of confused matter.
<i>Pownall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indiscretion</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*cre"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>discretion</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indiscr\'82tion</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being indiscreet; want of discretion; imprudence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An indiscreet act; indiscreet behavior.</def>

<blockquote>Past <b>indiscretion</b> is a venial crime.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indiscriminate</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*crim"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not discriminate; wanting discrimination; undistinguishing; not making any distinction; confused; promiscuous.</def> "Blind or <i>indiscriminate</i> forgiveness."

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>indiscriminate</b> defense of right and wrong.
<i>Junius.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`dis*crim"i*nate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Indiscriminating</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*crim"i*na`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not discriminating.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`dis*crim"i*na`ting*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Indiscrimination</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*crim`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of discrimination or distinction; impartiality.</def>

<i>Jefferson.</i>

<h1>Indiscriminative</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*crim"i*na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making no distinction; not discriminating.</def>

<h1>Indiscussed</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*cussed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>discuss</ets>: cf. L. <ets>indiscussus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not discussed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Indispensability</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*pen`sa*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>indispensabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Indispensableness.</def>

<h1>Indispensable</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*pen"sa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>dispensable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indispensable</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not dispensable; impossible to be omitted, remitted, or spared; absolutely necessary or requisite.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Not admitting dispensation; not subject to release or exemption.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The law was moral and <b>indispensable</b>.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Unavoidable; inevitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Indispensableness</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*pen"sa*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being indispensable, or absolutely necessary.</def>

<i>S. Clarke.</i>

<h1>Indispensably</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*pen"sa*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an indispensable manner.</def> "<i>Indispensably</i> necessary."

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Indispersed</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*persed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not dispersed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Indispose</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Indisposed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Indisposing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>indispos</ets> indisposed, feeble, or F. <ets>indispos\'82</ets> indisposed. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Dispose</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To render unfit or unsuited; to disqualify.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To disorder slightly as regards health; to make somewhat.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>It made him rather <b>indisposed</b> than sick.
<i>Walton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To disincline; to render averse or unfavorable; <as>as, a love of pleasure <ex>indisposes</ex> the mind to severe study; the pride and selfishness of men <ex>indispose</ex> them to religious duties.</as></def>

<blockquote>The king was sufficiently <b>indisposed</b> towards the persons, or the principles, of Calvin's disciples.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indisposedness</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*pos"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or quality of being indisposed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Indisposition</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In*dis`po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>indisposition</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being indisposed; disinclination; <as>as, the <ex>indisposition</ex> of two substances to combine</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A general <b>indisposition</b> towards believing.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A slight disorder or illness.</def>

<blockquote>Rather as an <b>indisposition</b> in health than as any set sickness.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indisputability</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In*dis`pu*ta*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>indisputabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Indisputableness.</def>

<h1>Indisputable</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In*dis"pu*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>disputable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indisputable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not disputable; incontrovertible; too evident to admit of dispute.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Incontestable; unquestionable; incontrovertible; undeniable; irrefragable; certain; positive; undoubted; sure; infallible.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*dis"pu*ta*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In*dis"pu*ta*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Indisputed</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*put"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Undisputed.</def>

<h1>Indissipable</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In*dis"si*pa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable o<?/ being dissipated.</def>

<h1>Indisdolubility</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In*dis`do*lu*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>indissolubilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being indissoluble.</def>

<h1>Indissoluble</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In*dis"so*lu*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indissolubilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indissoluble</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Dissoluble</er>, and cf. <er>Indissolvable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not dissoluble; not capable of being dissolved, melted, or liquefied; insoluble; as few substances are <i>indissoluble</i> by heat, but many are <i>indissoluble</i> in water.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Incapable of being rightfully broken or dissolved; perpetually binding or obligatory; firm; stable, <as>as, an <ex>indissoluble</ex> league or covenant</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To the which my duties
Are with a most <b>indissoluble</b> tie
Forever knit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indissolubleness</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In*dis"so*lu*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Indissolubility.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Indissolubly</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In*dis"so*lu*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an indissoluble manner.</def>

<blockquote>On they move, <b>indissolubly</b> firm.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indissolvable</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*solv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>dissolvable</ets>. Cf. <er>Indissoluble</er>.]</ety> <def>Not dissolvable; incapable of being dissolved or separated; incapable o<?/ separation; perpetually firm and binding; indissoluble; <as>as, an <ex>indissolvable</ex> bond of union</as>.</def>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Indissolvableness</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*solv"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Indissolubleness.</def>

<h1>Indistancy</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In*dis"tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of distance o<?/ separation; nearness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Indistinct</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*tinct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indistinctus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indistinct</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Distinct</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not distinct or distinguishable; not separate in such a manner as to be perceptible by itself; <as>as, the <ex>indistinct</ex> parts of a substance</as>.</def> "<i>Indistinct</i> as water is in water."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Obscure to the mind or senses; not clear; not definite; confused; imperfect; faint; <as>as, <ex>indistinct</ex> vision; an <ex>indistinct</ex> sound; an <ex>indistinct</ex> idea or recollection.</as></def>

<blockquote>When we come to parts too small four our senses, our ideas of these little bodies become obscure and <b>indistinct</b>.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their views, indeed, are <b>indistinct</b> and dim.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Undefined; indistinguishable; obscure; indefinite; vague; ambiguous; uncertain; confused.</syn>

<h1>Indistinctible</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*tinc"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Indistinguishable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Indistinction</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*tinc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>indistinction</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of distinction or distinguishableness; confusion; uncertainty; indiscrimination.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>indistinction</b> of many of the same name . . . hath made some doubt.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An <b>indistinction</b> of all persons, or equality of all orders, is far from being agreeable to the will of God.
<i>Sprat.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indistinctive</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*tinc"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having nothing distinctive; common.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`dis*tinc"tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Indistinctly</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*tinct"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an indistinct manner; not clearly; confusedly; dimly; <as>as, certain ideas are <ex>indistinctly</ex> comprehended</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In its sides it was bounded distinctly, but on its ends confusedly an <b>indistinctly</b>.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indistinctness</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*tinct"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being indistinct; want of definiteness; dimness; confusion; <as>as, the <ex>indistinctness</ex> of a picture, or of comprehension; <ex>indistinctness</ex> of vision.</as></def>

<h1>Indistinguishable</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*tin"guish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not distinguishable; not capable of being perceived, known, or discriminated as separate and distinct; hence, not capable of being perceived or known; <as>as, in the distance the flagship was <ex>indisguishable</ex>; the two copies were <ex>indisguishable</ex> in form or color; the difference between them was <ex>indisguishable</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Indistinguishably</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*tin"guish*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a indistinguishable manner.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Indistinguished</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*tin"guished</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Indistinct.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "That <i>indistinguished</i> mass."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Indistinguishing</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*tin"guish*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making no difference; indiscriminative; impartial; <as>as, <ex>indistinguishing</ex> liberalities</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Indisturbance</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In`dis*turb"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Freedom from disturbance; calmness; repose; apathy; indifference.</def>

<h1>Inditch</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In*ditch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bury in, or cast into, a ditch.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Indite</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In*dite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Indited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inditing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>enditen</ets> to indite, indict, OF. <ets>enditer</ets> to indicate, show, dictate, write, inform, and <ets>endicter</ets> to accuse; both fr. LL. <ets>indictare</ets> to show, to accuse, fr. L. <ets>indicere</ets> to proclaim, announce; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>dicere</ets> to say. The word was influenced also by L. <ets>indicare</ets> to indicate, and by <ets>dictare</ets> to dictate. See <er>Diction</er>, and cf. <er>Indict</er>, <er>Indicate</er>, <er>Dictate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To compose; to write; to be author of; to dictate; to prompt.</def>

<blockquote>My heart is <b>inditing</b> a good matter.
<i>Ps. xlv. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Could a common grief have <b>indited</b> such expressions?
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hear how learned Greece her useful rules <b>indites</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To invite or ask.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She will <b>indite</b> him so supper.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To indict; to accuse; to censure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Indite</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In*dite"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To compose; to write, as a poem.</def>

<blockquote>Wounded I sing, tormented I <b>indite</b>.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inditement</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In*dite"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Indictment</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of inditing.</def>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>Inditer</h1>
<Xpage=753>

<hw>In*dit"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who indites.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Indium</h1>
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<hw>In"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Indigo</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare metallic element, discovered in certain ores of zinc, by means of its characteristic spectrum of two indigo blue lines; hence, its name. In appearance it resembles zinc, being white or lead gray, soft, malleable and easily fusible, but in its chemical relation it resembles aluminium or gallium. Symbol In. Atomic weight, 113.4.</def>

<hr>
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Page 754<p>

<h1>Indivertible</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vert"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not to be diverted or turned aside.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Individable</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vid"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Indivisible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Individed</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vid"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Undivided.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Patrick.</i>

<h1>Individual</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vid"u*al</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>individuus</ets> indivisible; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>dividuus</ets> divisible, fr. <ets>dividere</ets> to divide: cf. F. <ets>individuel</ets>. See <er>Divide</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not divided, or not to be divided; existing as one entity, or distinct being or object; single; one; <as>as, an <ex>individual</ex> man, animal, or city</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Mind has a being of its own, distinct from that of all other things, and is pure, unmingled, <b>individual</b> substance.
<i>A. Tucker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>United as one <b>individual</b> soul.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to one only; peculiar to, or characteristic of, a single person or thing; distinctive; <as>as, <ex>individual</ex> traits of character; <ex>individual</ex> exertions; <ex>individual</ex> peculiarities.</as></def>

<h1>Individual</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vid"u*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A single person, animal, or thing of any kind; a thing or being incapable of separation or division, without losing its identity; especially, a human being; a person.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>An object which is in the strict and primary sense one, and can not be logically divided, is called an <b>individual</b>.
<i>Whately.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That <b>individuals</b> die, his will ordains.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An independent, or partially independent, zooid of a compound animal.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The product of a single egg, whether it remains a single animal or becomes compound by budding or fission.</def>

<h1>Individualism</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vid"u*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>individualisme</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being individual; individuality; personality.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An excessive or exclusive regard to one's personal interest; self-interest; selfishness.</def>

<blockquote>The selfishness of the small proprietor has been described by the best writers as <b>individualism</b>.
<i>Ed. Rev.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Individualistic</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vid`u*al*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the individual or individualism.</def>

<i>London Athen\'91um.</i>

<h1>Individuality</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vid`u*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Individualities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>individualit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being individual or constituting an individual; separate or distinct existence; oneness; unity.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<blockquote>They possess separate <b>individualities</b>.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The character or property appropriate or peculiar to an individual; that quality which distinguishes one person or thing from another; the sum of characteristic traits; distinctive character; <as>as, he is a person of marked <ex>individuality</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Individualization</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vid`u*al*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>individualization</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of individualizing; the state of being individualized; individuation.</def>

<h1>Individualize</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vid"u*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Individualized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Individualizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>individualiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>The mark as an individual, or to distinguish from others by peculiar properties; to invest with individuality.</def>

<blockquote>The peculiarities which <b>individualize</b> and distinguish the humor of Addison.
<i>N. Drake.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Individualizer</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vid"u*al*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who individualizes.</def>

<h1>Individually</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vid"u*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an individual manner or relation; as individuals; separately; each by itself.</def> "<i>Individually</i> or collectively."

<i>Burke.</i>

<blockquote>How should that subsist solitarily by itself which hath no substance, but <b>individually</b> the very same whereby others subsist with it?
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In an inseparable manner; inseparably; incommunicably; indivisibly; <as>as, <ex>individually</ex>he same</as>.</def>

<blockquote>[Omniscience], an attribute <b>individually</b> proper to the Godhead.
<i>Hakewill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Individuate</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vid"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Individual</er>.]</ety> <def>Undivided.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Individuate</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vid"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Individua</er>ted (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Individuating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To distinguish from others from others of the species; to endow with individuality; to divide into individuals; to discriminate.</def>

<blockquote>The soul, as the prime <b>individuating</b> principle, and the said reserved portion of matter as an essential and radical part of the individuation, shall . . . make up and restore the same individual person.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Life is <b>individuated</b> into infinite numbers, that have their distinct sense and pleasure.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Individuation</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vid`u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>individuation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of individuating or state of being individuated; individualization.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Individuator</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vid"u*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, individuates.</def>

<i>Sir K. Digby.</i>

<h1>Individuity</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vi*du"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>individuitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Separate existence; individuality; oneness.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Indivinity</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vin"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>divinity</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indivinit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want or absence of divine power or of divinity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Indivisibility</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vis`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>indivisibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or property of being indivisible or inseparable; inseparability.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Indivisible</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vis"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indivisibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indivisible</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Divisible</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not divisible; incapable of being divided, separated, or broken; not separable into parts.</def> "One <i>indivisible</i> point of time."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Not capable of exact division, as one quantity by another; incommensurable.</def>

<h1>Indivisible</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vis"i*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is indivisible.</def>

<blockquote>By atom, nobody will imagine we intend to express a perfect <b>indivisible</b>, but only the least sort of natural bodies.
<i>Digby.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>An infinitely small quantity which is assumed to admit of no further division.</def>

<cs><col>Method of indivisibles</col>, <cd>a kind of calculus, formerly in use, in which lines were considered as made up of an infinite number of points; surfaces, as made up of an infinite number of lines; and volumes, as made up of an infinite number of surfaces.</cd></cs>

<h1>Indivisibleness</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vis"i*ble*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being indivisible; indivisibility.</def>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Indivisibly</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vis"i*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an indivisible manner.</def>

<h1>Indivision</h1>
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<hw>In`di*vi"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>division</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indivision</ets>, LL. <ets>indivisio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A state of being not divided; oneness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Indo-</h1>
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<hw>In"do-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From L. <ets>Indus</ets> East Indian.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying <i>Indian</i> (<it>i. e.</it>, East Indian); of or pertaining of India.</def>

<h1>Indoaniline</h1>
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<hw>In`do*an"i*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ind</ets>igo + <ets>aniline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a series of artificial blue dyes, in appearance resembling indigo, for which they are often used as substitutes.</def>

<h1>IndoBriton</h1>
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<hw>In`do*Brit"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Indo-</ets> + <ets>Briton</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person born in India, of mixed Indian and British blood; a half-caste.</def>

<i>Malcom.</i>

<h1>Indo-Chinese</h1>
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<hw>In`do-Chi*nese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Indo-</ets> + <ets>Chinese</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Indo-China (<it>i. e.</it>, Farther India, or India beyond the Ganges).</def>

<h1>Indocibility</h1>
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<hw>In*doc`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being indocible; indocibleness; indocility.</def>

<h1>Indocible</h1>
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<hw>In*doc"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indocibilis</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Docible</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being taught, or not easily instructed; dull in intellect; intractable; unteachable; indocile.</def> <i>Bp. Hall</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In*doc"i*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Indocile</h1>
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<hw>In*doc"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indocilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indocile</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Docile</er>.]</ety> <def>Not teachable; indisposed to be taught, trained, or disciplined; not easily instructed or governed; dull; intractable.</def>

<h1>Indocility</h1>
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<hw>In`do*cil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indocilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indocilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being indocile; dullness of intellect; unteachableness; intractableness.</def>

<blockquote>The stiffness and <b>indocility</b> of the Pharisees.
<i>W. Montagu.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indoctrinate</h1>
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<hw>In*doc"tri*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Indoctrinated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Indoctrinating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + L. <ets>doctrina</ets> doctrine: cf. F. <ets>endoctriner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To instruct in the rudiments or principles of learning, or of a branch of learning; to imbue with learning; to instruct in, or imbue with, principles or doctrines; to teach; -- often followed by <i>in</i>.</def>

<blockquote>A master that . . . took much delight in <b>indoctrinating</b> his young, unexperienced favorite.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indoctrination</h1>
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<hw>In*doc`tri*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of indoctrinating, or the condition of being indoctrinated; instruction in the rudiments and principles of any science or system of belief; information.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Indo-English</h1>
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<hw>In`do-Eng"lish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Indo-</ets> + <ets>English</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to the English who are born or reside in India; Anglo-Indian.</def>

<h1>Indo-European</h1>
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<hw>In`do-Eu`ro*pe"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Aryan; -- applied to the languages of India and Europe which are derived from the prehistoric Aryan language; also, pertaining to the people or nations who speak these languages; <as>as, the <ex>Indo-European</ex> or Aryan family</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The common origin of the <b>Indo-European</b> nations.
<i>Tylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indogen</h1>
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<hw>In"do*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ind</ets>igo + -<ets>gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A complex, nitrogenous radical, <chform>C8H5NO</chform>, regarded as the essential nucleus of indigo.</def>

<h1>Indogenide</h1>
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<hw>In"do*gen*ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of the derivatives of indogen, which contain that group as a nucleus.</def>

<h1>Indo-Germanic</h1>
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<hw>In`do-Ger*man"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Indo-</ets> + <ets>Germanic</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Same as <er>Aryan</er>, and <er>Indo-European</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to or denoting the Teutonic family of languages as related to the Sanskrit, or derived from the ancient Aryan language.</def>

<h1>Indoin</h1>
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<hw>In"do*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance resembling indigo blue, obtained artificially from certain isatogen compounds.</def>

<h1>Indol</h1>
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<hw>In"dol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ind</ets>igo + -<ets>ol</ets> of <ets>phenol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline substance, <chform>C8H7N</chform>, obtained from blue indigo, and almost all indigo derivatives, by a process of reduction. It is also formed from albuminous matter, together with skatol, by putrefaction, and by fusion with caustic potash, and is present in human excrement, as well as in the intestinal canal of some herbivora.</def>

<h1>Indolence</h1>
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<hw>In"do*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indolentia</ets> freedom from pain: cf. F. <ets>indolence</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Freedom from that which pains, or harasses, as toil, care, grief, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I have ease, if it may not rather be called <b>indolence</b>.
<i>Bp. Hough.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality or condition of being indolent; inaction, or want of exertion of body or mind, proceeding from love of ease or aversion to toil; habitual idleness; indisposition to labor; laziness; sloth; inactivity.</def>

<blockquote>Life spent in <b>indolence</b>, and therefore sad.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As there is a great truth wrapped up in "diligence," what a lie, on the other hand, lurks at the root of our present use of the word "<b>indolence</b>"! This is from "in" and "doleo," not to grieve; and <b>indolence</b> is thus a state in which we have no grief or pain; so that the word, as we now employ it, seems to affirm that indulgence in sloth and ease is that which would constitute for us the absence of all pain.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indolency</h1>
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<hw>In"do*len*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Indolence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Indolent</h1>
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<hw>In"do*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + L. <ets>dolens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>dolere</ets> to feel pain: cf. F. <ets>indolent</ets>. See <er>Dolorous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Free from toil, pain, or trouble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Indulging in ease; avoiding labor and exertion; habitually idle; lazy; inactive; <as>as, an <ex>indolent</ex> man</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To waste long nights in <b>indolent</b> repose.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Causing little or no pain or annoyance; <as>as, an <ex>indolent</ex> tumor</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Idle; lazy; slothful; sluggish; listless; inactive; inert. See <er>Idle</er>.</syn>

<h1>Indolently</h1>
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<hw>In"do*lent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an indolent manner.</def>

<blockquote>Calm and serene you <b>indolently</b> sit.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indoles</h1>
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<hw>In"do*les</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. Cf. <er>Adolescence</er>.]</ety> <def>Natural disposition; natural quality or abilities.</def>

<h1>Indolin</h1>
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<hw>In"do*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Indol</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A dark resinous substance, polymeric with indol, and obtained by the reduction of indigo white.</def>

<h1>Indomable</h1>
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<hw>In*dom"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indomabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>domabilis</ets> tamable.]</ety> <def>Indomitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Indomitable</h1>
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<hw>In*dom"i*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indomitabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>domitare</ets>, intens. fr. <ets>domare</ets> to tame. See <er>Tame</er>.]</ety> <def>Not to be subdued; untamable; invincible; <as>as, an <ex>indomitable</ex> will, courage, animal</as>.</def>

<h1>Indomite</h1>
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<hw>In*dom"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indomitus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not tamed; untamed; savage; wild.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Salkeld.</i>

<h1>Indomptable</h1>
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<hw>In*domp"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>indomptable</ets>, L. <ets>indomitabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Indomitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tooke.</i>

<h1>Indoor</h1>
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<hw>In"door`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Done or being within doors; within a house or institution; domestic; <as>as, <ex>indoor</ex> work</as>.</def>

<h1>Indoors</h1>
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<hw>In"doors`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Within the house; -- usually separated, <i>in doors</i>.</def>

<h1>Indophenol</h1>
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<hw>In`do*phe"nol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ind</ets>igo + <ets>phenol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a series of artificial blue dyestuffs, resembling indigo in appearance, and obtained by the action of phenol on certain nitrogenous derivatives of quinone. Simple indophenol proper has not yet been isolated.</def>

<h1>Indorsable</h1>
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<hw>In*dors"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being indorsed; transferable; convertible.</def>

<h1>Indorsation</h1>
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<hw>In`dor*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Indorsement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Indorse</h1>
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<hw>In*dorse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Indorsed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Indorsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>indorsare</ets>. See <er>Endorse</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>endorse</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover the back of; to load or burden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Elephants <b>indorsed</b> with towers.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To write upon the back or outside of a paper or letter, as a direction, heading, memorandum, or address.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law & Com.)</fld> <def>To write one's name, alone or with other words, upon the back of (a paper), for the purpose of transferring it, or to secure the payment of a <?/ote, draft, or the like; to guarantee the payment, fulfillment, performance, or validity of, or to certify something upon the back of (a check, draft, writ, warrant of arrest, etc.).</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give one's name or support to; to sanction; to aid by approval; to approve; <as>as, to <ex>indorse</ex> an opinion</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To indorse in blank</col>, <cd>to write one's name on the back of a note or bill, leaving a blank to be filled by the holder.</cd></cs>

<h1>Indorsed</h1>
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<hw>In*dorsed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>Addorsed</er>.</def>

<h1>Indorsee</h1>
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<hw>In`dor*see"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The person to whom a note or bill is indorsed, or assigned by indorsement.</def>

<h1>Indorsement</h1>
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<hw>In*dorse"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Indorse</er>; cf. <er>Endorsement</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>endorsement</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of writing on the back of a note, bill, or other written instrument.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is written on the back of a note, bill, or other paper, as a name, an order for, or a receipt of, payment, or the return of an officer, etc.; a writing, usually upon the back, but sometimes on the face, of a negotiable instrument, by which the property therein is assigned and transferred.</def>

<i>Story. Byles. Burrill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sanction, support, or approval; <as>as, the <ex>indorsement</ex> of a rumor, an opinion, a course, conduct</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Blank indorsement</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blank</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Indorser, Indorsor</h1>
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<hw><hw>In*dors"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*dors"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The person who indorses.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>endorser</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Indow</h1>
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<hw>In*dow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Endow</er>.</def>

<h1>Indowment</h1>
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<hw>In*dow"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Endowment</er>.</def>

<h1>Indoxyl</h1>
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<hw>In*dox"yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ind</ets>igo + <ets>hydroxyl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous substance, <chform>C8H7NO</chform>, isomeric with oxindol, obtained as an oily liquid.</def>

<h1>Indoxylic</h1>
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<hw>In`dox*yl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to, or producing, indoxyl; <as>as, <ex>indoxylic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Indraught</h1>
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<hw>In"draught`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An opening from the sea into the land; an inlet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A draught of air or flow of water setting inward.</def>

<h1>Indrawn</h1>
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<hw>In"drawn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Drawn in.</def>

<h1>Indrench</h1>
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<hw>In*drench"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To overwhelm with water; to drench; to drown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Indris, Indri</h1>
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<hw><hw>In"dris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In"dri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any lemurine animal of the genus <spn>Indris</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; Several species are known, all of them natives of Madagascar, as the diadem indris (<spn>I. diadema</spn>), which has a white ruff around the forehead; the woolly indris (<spn>I. laniger</spn>); and the short-tailed or black indris (<spn>I. brevicaudatus</spn>), which is black, varied with gray.</note>

<h1>Indubious</h1>
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<hw>In*du"bi*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indubius</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Dubious</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not dubious or doubtful; certain.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not doubting; unsuspecting.</def> "<i>Indubious</i> confidence."

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Indubitable</h1>
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<hw>In*du"bi*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indubitabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indubitable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Dubitable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not dubitable or doubtful; too evident to admit of doubt; unquestionable; evident; apparently certain; <as>as, an <ex>indubitable</ex> conclusion</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is indubitable.</def></def2>

<syn>Syn. -- Unquestionable; evident; incontrovertible; incontestable; undeniable; irrefragable.</syn>

<h1>Indubitableness</h1>
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<hw>In*du"bi*ta*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being indubitable.</def>

<h1>Indubitably</h1>
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<hw>In*du"bi*ta*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Undoubtedly; unquestionably; in a manner to remove all doubt.</def>

<blockquote>Oracles <b>indubitably</b> clear and infallibly certain.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indubitate</h1>
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<hw>In*du"bi*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indubitatus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>dubitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>dubitare</ets> to doubt.]</ety> <def>Not questioned or doubtful; evident; certain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Indubitate</h1>
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<hw>In*du"bi*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indubitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>indubitare</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>dubitare</ets> to doubt.]</ety> <def>To bring into doubt; to cause to be doubted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To conceal, or <b>indubitate</b>, his exigency.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Induce</h1>
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<hw>In*duce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Induced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inducing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>inducere</ets>, <ets>inductum</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>ducere</ets> to lead. See <er>Duke</er>, and cf. <er>Induct</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lead in; to introduce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The poet may be seen <b>inducing</b> his personages in the first Iliad.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
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<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw on; to overspread. [<mark>A Latinism</mark>]</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lead on; to influence; to prevail on; to incite; to move by persuasion or influence.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He is not obliged by your offer to do it, . . . though he may be <b>induced</b>, persuaded, prevailed upon, tempted.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let not the covetous desire of growing rich <b>induce</b> you to ruin your reputation.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To bring on; to effect; to cause; <as>as, a fever <ex>induced</ex> by fatigue or exposure</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sour things <b>induces</b> a contraction in the nerves.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>To produce, or cause, by proximity without contact or transmission, as a particular electric or magnetic condition in a body, by the approach of another body in an opposite electric or magnetic state.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>To generalize or conclude as an inference from all the particulars; -- the opposite of <i>deduce</i>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To move; instigate; urge; impel; incite; press; influence; actuate.</syn>

<h1>Inducement</h1>
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<hw>In*duce"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Induce</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inducing, or the state of being induced.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which induces; a motive or consideration that leads one to action or induces one to act; <as>as, reward is an <ex>inducement</ex> to toil</as>.</def> "Mark the <i>inducement</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Matter stated by way of explanatory preamble or introduction to the main allegations of a pleading; a leading to.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Motive; reason; influence. See <er>Motive</er>.</syn>

<h1>Inducer</h1>
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<hw>In*du"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, induces or incites.</def>

<h1>Inducible</h1>
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<hw>In*du"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being induced, caused, or made to take place.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Obtainable by induction; derivable; inferable.</def>

<h1>Induct</h1>
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<hw>In*duct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inducted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inducting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>inductus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inducere</ets>. See <er>Induce</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring in; to introduce; to usher in.</def>

<blockquote>The independent orator <b>inducting</b> himself without further ceremony into the pulpit.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To introduce, as to a benefice or office; to put in actual possession of the temporal rights of an ecclesiastical living, or of any other office, with the customary forms and ceremonies.</def>

<blockquote>The prior, when <b>inducted</b> into that dignity, took an oath not to alienate any of their lands.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inducteous</h1>
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<hw>In*duc"te*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>Rendered electro-polar by induction, or brought into the opposite electrical state by the influence of inductive bodies.</def>

<h1>Inductile</h1>
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<hw>In*duc"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>ductile</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inductile</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not ductile; incapable of being drawn into threads, as a metal; inelastic; tough.</def>

<h1>Inductility</h1>
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<hw>In`duc*til"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being inductile.</def>

<h1>Induction</h1>
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<hw>In*duc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inductio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>induction</ets>. See <er>Induct</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of inducting or bringing in; introduction; entrance; beginning; commencement.</def>

<blockquote>I know not you; nor am I well pleased to make this time, as the affair now stands, the <b>induction</b> of your acquaintance.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These promises are fair, the parties sure,
And our <b>induction</b> dull of prosperous hope.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An introduction or introductory scene, as to a play; a preface; a prologue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This is but an <b>induction</b>: I will d<?/aw
The curtains of the tragedy hereafter.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The act or process of reasoning from a part to a whole, from particulars to generals, or from the individual to the universal; also, the result or inference so reached.</def>

<blockquote><b>Induction</b> is an inference drawn from all the particulars.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Induction</b> is the process by which we conclude that what is true of certain individuals of a class, is true of the whole class, or that what is true at certain times will be true in similar circumstances at all times.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The introduction of a clergyman into a benefice, or of an official into a office, with appropriate acts or ceremonies; the giving actual possession of an ecclesiastical living or its temporalities.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A process of demonstration in which a general truth is gathered from an examination of particular cases, one of which is known to be true, the examination being so conducted that each case is made to depend on the preceding one; -- called also <altname>successive induction</altname>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The property by which one body, having electrical or magnetic polarity, causes or induces it in another body without direct contact; an impress of electrical or magnetic force or condition from one body on another without actual contact.</def>

<cs><col>Electro-dynamic induction</col>, <cd>the action by which a variable or interrupted current of electricity excites another current in a neighboring conductor forming a closed circuit.</cd> -- <col>Electro-magnetic induction</col>, <cd>the influence by which an electric current produces magnetic polarity in certain bodies near or around which it passes.</cd> -- <col>Electro-static induction</col>, <cd>the action by which a body possessing a charge of statical electricity develops a charge of statical electricity of the opposite character in a neighboring body.</cd> -- <col>Induction coil</col>, <cd>an apparatus producing induced currents of great intensity. It consists of a coil or helix of stout insulated copper wire, surrounded by another coil of very fine insulated wire, in which a momentary current is induced, when a current (as from a voltaic battery), passing through the inner coil, is made, broken, or varied. The inner coil has within it a core of soft iron, and is connected at its terminals with a condenser; -- called also <altname>inductorium</altname>, and <altname>Ruhmkorff's coil</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Induction pipe</col>, <col>port</col>, &or; <col>valve</col></mcol>, <cd>a pipe, passageway, or valve, for leading or admitting a fluid to a receiver, as steam to an engine cylinder, or water to a pump.</cd> -- <col>Magnetic induction</col>, <cd>the action by which magnetic polarity is developed in a body susceptible to magnetic effects when brought under the influence of a magnet.</cd> -- <col>Magneto-electric induction</col>, <cd>the influence by which a magnet excites electric currents in closed circuits.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Logical induction</col>, <fld>(Philos.)</fld>, <cd>an act or method of reasoning from all the parts separately to the whole which they constitute, or into which they may be united collectively; the operation of discovering and proving general propositions; the scientific method.</cd> -- <col>Philosophical induction</col>, <cd>the inference, or the act of inferring, that what has been observed or established in respect to a part, individual, or species, may, on the ground of analogy, be affirmed or received of the whole to which it belongs. This last is the <i>inductive method<i> of Bacon. It ascends from the parts to the whole, and forms, from the general analogy of nature, or special presumptions in the case, conclusions which have greater or less degrees of force, and which may be strengthened or weakened by subsequent experience and experiment. It relates to actual existences, as in physical science or the concerns of life. <i>Logical induction<i> is founded on the necessary laws of thought; <i>philosophical induction<i>, on the interpretation of the indications or analogy of nature.</cd></cs><-- "scientific method" is now considered as the latter, rather than the former! -->

<syn>Syn. -- Deduction.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Induction</er>, <er>Deduction</er>. In <i>induction</i> we observe a sufficient number of individual facts, and, on the ground of analogy, extend what is true of them to others of the same class, thus arriving at <i>general</i> principles or laws. This is the kind of reasoning in physical science. In <i>deduction</i> we begin with a <i>general</i> truth, which is already proven or provisionally assumed, and seek to connect it with some particular case by means of a middle term, or class of objects, known to be equally connected with both. Thus, we bring down the general into the particular, affirming of the latter the distinctive qualities of the former. This is the syllogistic method. By <i>induction</i> Franklin established the identity of lightning and electricity; by <i>deduction</i> he inferred that dwellings might be protected by lightning rods.</usage>

<h1>Inductional</h1>
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<hw>In*duc"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or proceeding by, induction; inductive.</def>

<h1>Inductive</h1>
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<hw>In*duct"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>inductivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inductif</ets>. See <er>Induce</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Leading or drawing; persuasive; tempting; -- usually followed by <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>A brutish vice,
<b>Inductive</b> mainly to the sin of Eve.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tending to induce or cause.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>They may be . . . <b>inductive</b> of credibility.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Leading to inferences; proceeding by, derived from, or using, induction; <as>as, <ex>inductive</ex> reasoning</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Operating by induction; <as>as, an <ex>inductive</ex> electrical machine</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Facilitating induction; susceptible of being acted upon by induction; as certain substances have a great <i>inductive</i> capacity.</def>

<cs><col>Inductive embarrassment</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the retardation in signaling on an electric wire, produced by lateral induction.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Inductive</col> <col>philosophy &or; method</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>Philosophical induction</cref>, under <er>Induction</er>.</cd> -- <col>Inductive sciences</col>, <cd>those sciences which admit of, and employ, the inductive method, as astronomy, botany, chemistry, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inductively</h1>
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<hw>In*duct"ive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By induction or inference.</def>

<h1>Inductometer</h1>
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<hw>In`duc*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Induct</ets>ion + -<ets>meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring or ascertaining the degree or rate of electrical induction.</def>

<h1>Inductor</h1>
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<hw>In*duct"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., one who stirs up or rouses. See <er>Induce</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The person who inducts another into an office or benefice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>That portion of an electrical apparatus, in which is the inducing charge or current.</def>

<h1>Inductorium</h1>
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<hw>In`duc*to"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Inductoriums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Inductoria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>induct</ets>ion.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>An induction coil.</def>

<h1>Inductric, Inductrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>In*duc"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*duc"tric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>Acting by, or in a state of, induction; relating to electrical induction.</def>

<h1>Indue</h1>
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<hw>In*due"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Indued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Induing</er>.]</wordforms> <altsp>[Written also <asp>endue</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[L. <ets>induere</ets> to put on, clothe, fr. OL. <ets>indu</ets> (fr. <ets>in-</ets> in) + a root seen also in L. <ets>exuere</ets> to put off, divest, <ets>exuviae</ets> the skin of an animal, slough, <ets>induviae</ets> clothes. Cf. <er>Endue</er> to invest.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To put on, as clothes; to draw on.</def>

<blockquote>The baron had <b>indued</b> a pair of jack boots.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To clothe; to invest; hence, to endow; to furnish; to supply with moral or mental qualities.</def>

<blockquote><b>Indu'd</b> with robes of various hue she flies.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Indued</b> with intellectual sense and souls.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Induement</h1>
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<hw>In*due"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Indue</er>; cf. <er>Indument</er>, <er>Enduement</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of induing, or state of being indued; investment; endowment.</def>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Indulge</h1>
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<hw>In*dulge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Indulged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Indulging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>indulgere</ets> to be kind or tender to one; cf. OIr. <ets>dilgud</ets>, equiv. to L. <ets>remissio</ets>, OIr. <ets>dligeth</ets>, equiv. to L. <ets>lex</ets>, Goth. <ets>dulgs</ets> debt.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To be complacent toward; to give way to; not to oppose or restrain; <sd>(a)</sd> when said of a habit, desire, etc.: to give free course to; to give one's self up to; <as>as, to <ex>indulge</ex> sloth, pride, selfishness, or inclinations; <sd>(b)</sd> when said of a person: to yield to the desire of; to gratify by compliance; to humor; to withhold restraint from; <as>as, to <ex>indulge</ex> children in their caprices or willfulness</as>; to <ex>indulge</ex> one's self with a rest or in pleasure.</as></def>

<blockquote>Hope in another life implies that we <b>indulge</b> ourselves in the gratifications of this very sparingly.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grant as by favor; to bestow in concession, or in compliance with a wish or request.</def>

<blockquote>Persuading us that something must be <b>indulged</b> to public manners.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Yet, yet a moment, one dim ray of light
<b>Indulge</b>, dread Chaos, and eternal Night!
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; It is remarked by Johnson, that if the matter of indulgence is a single thing, it has <i>with</i> before it; if it is a habit, it has <i>in</i>; as, he indulged himself <i>with</i> a glass of wine or a new book; he indulges himself <i>in</i> idleness or intemperance. See <er>Gratify</er>.</note>

<h1>Indulge</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In*dulge"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To indulge one's self; to gratify one's tastes or desires; esp., to give one's self up (to); to practice a forbidden or questionable act without restraint; -- followed by <i>in</i>, but formerly, also, by <i>to</i>.</def> "Willing to <i>indulge</i> in easy vices."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Indulgement</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In*dulge"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Indulgence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Indulgence</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In*dul"gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indulgentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indulgence</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of indulging or humoring; the quality of being indulgent; forbearance of restrain or control.</def>

<blockquote>If I were a judge, that word <b>indulgence</b> should never issue from my lips.
<i>Tooke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They err, that through <b>indulgence</b> to others, or fondness to any sin in themselves, substitute for repentance anything less.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An indulgent act; favor granted; gratification.</def>

<blockquote>If all these gracious <b>indulgences</b> are without any effect on us, we must perish in our own folly.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>Remission of the temporal punishment due to sins, after the guilt of sin has been remitted by sincere repentance; absolution from the censures and public penances of the church. It is a payment of the debt of justice to God by the application of the merits of Christ and his saints to the contrite soul through the church. It is therefore believed to diminish or destroy for sins the punishment of purgatory.</def>

<h1>Indulgence</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In*dul"gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To grant an indulgence to.</def>

<h1>Indulgency</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In*dul"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Indulgence.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Indulgent</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In*dul"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indulgens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>indulgere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>indulgent</ets>. See <er>Indulge</er>.]</ety> <def>Prone to indulge; yielding to the wishes, humor, or appetites of those under one's care; compliant; not opposing or restraining; tolerant; mild; favorable; not severe; <as>as, an <ex>indulgent</ex> parent</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>indulgent</b> censure of posterity.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The feeble old, <b>indulgent</b> of their ease.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indulgential</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In`dul*gen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the indulgences of the Roman Catholic Church.</def>

<i>Brevint.</i>

<h1>Indulgently</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In*dul"gent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an indulgent manner; mildly; favorably.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Indulger</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In*dul"ger</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who indulges.</def>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Indulgiate</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In*dul"gi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To indulge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Induline</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In"du*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. fr. <ets>ind</ets>igo.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of a large series of aniline dyes, colored blue or violet, and represented by aniline violet.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A dark green amorphous dyestuff, produced by the oxidation of aniline in the presence of copper or vanadium salts; -- called also <altname>aniline black</altname>.</def>

<h1>Indult, Indulto</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw><hw>In*dult"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*dul"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indultum</ets> indulgence, favor, fr. <ets>indultus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>indulgere</ets>: cf. It. <ets>indulto</ets>, F. <ets>indult</ets>. See <er>Indulge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A privilege or exemption; an indulgence; a dispensation granted by the pope.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Spain)</fld> <def>A duty levied on all importations.</def>

<h1>Indument</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In"du*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indumentum</ets> a covering. See <er>Indue</er>, and cf. <er>Induement</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Plumage; feathers.</def>

<h1>Induplicate</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In*du"pli*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the edges bent abruptly toward the axis; -- said of the parts of the calyx or corolla in \'91stivation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having the edges rolled inward and then arranged about the axis without overlapping; -- said of leaves in vernation.</def>

<h1>Induplicative</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In*du"pli*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having induplicate sepals or petals in \'91stivation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having induplicate leaves in vernation.</def>

<h1>Indurance</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In*dur"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Endurance</er>.</def>

<h1>Indurate</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In"du*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>induratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>indurare</ets> to harden. See <er>Endure</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Hardened; not soft; indurated.</def>

<i>Tyndale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without sensibility; unfeeling; obdurate.</def>

<h1>Indurate</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In"du*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Indurated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Indurating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make hard; <as>as, extreme heat <ex>indurates</ex> clay; some fossils are <ex>indurated</ex> by exposure to the air.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make unfeeling; to deprive of sensibility; to render obdurate.</def>

<h1>Indurate</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In"du*rate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow hard; to harden, or become hard; <as>as, clay <ex>indurates</ex> by drying, and by heat</as>.</def>

<h1>Indurated</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In"du*ra`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hardened; <as>as, <ex>indurated</ex> clay; an <ex>indurated</ex> heart.</as></def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Induration</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In`du*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>induration</ets>, L. <ets>induratio</ets> hardness of heart.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of hardening, or the process of growing hard.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>State of being indurated, or of having become hard.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hardness of character, manner, sensibility, etc.; obduracy; stiffness; want of pliancy or feeling.</def>

<blockquote>A certain <b>induration</b> of character had arisen from long habits of business.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indusial</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In*du"sial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Indusium</er>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, the petrified cases of the larv\'91 of certain insects.</def>

<cs><col>Indusial limestone</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a fresh-water limestone, largely composed of the agglomerated cases of caddice worms, or larv\'91 of caddice flies (<spn>Phryganea</spn>). It is found in Miocene strata of Auvergne, France, and some other localities.</cd></cs>

<h1>Indusiate, Indusiated</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw><hw>In*du"si*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*du"si*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Furnished with an indusium.</def>

<h1>Indusium</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In*du"si*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Indu<?/<?/<?/</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., an under garment, fr. <ets>induere</ets> to put on: cf. F. <ets>indusie</ets> the covering of the seed spots of ferns.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A collection of hairs united so as to form a sort of cup, and inclosing the stigma of a flower.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The immediate covering of the fruit dots or sori in many ferns, usually a very thin scale attached by the middle or side to a veinlet.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A peculiar covering found in certain fungi.</def>

<h1>Industrial</h1>
<Xpage=755>

<hw>In*dus"tri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>industriel</ets>, LL. <ets>industrialis</ets>. See <er>Industry</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting in industry; pertaining to industry, or the arts and products of industry; concerning those employed in labor, especially in manual labor, and their wages, duties, and rights.</def>

<blockquote>The great ideas of <b>industrial</b> development and economic social amelioration.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="756">
Page 756<p>

<cs><col>Industrial exhibition</col>, <cd>a public exhibition of the various industrial products of a country, or of various countries.</cd> -- <col>Industrial school</col>, <cd>a school for teaching one or more branches of industry; also, a school for educating neglected children, and training them to habits of industry.</cd></cs>

<h1>Industrialism</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*dus"tri*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Devotion to industrial pursuits; labor; industry.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The principles or policy applicable to industrial pursuits or organized labor.</def>

<blockquote><b>Industrialism</b> must not confounded with industriousness.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Industrially</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*dus"tri*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With reference to industry.</def>

<h1>Industrious</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*dus"tri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>industrius</ets>, <ets>industriosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>industrieux</ets>. See <er>Industry</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Given to industry; characterized by diligence; constantly, regularly, or habitually occupied; busy; assiduous; not slothful or idle; -- commonly implying devotion to lawful and useful labor.</def>

<blockquote>Frugal and <b>industrious</b> men are commonly friendly to the established government.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Steadily and perseveringly active in a particular pursuit or aim; <as>as, he was negligent in business, but <ex>industrious</ex> in pleasure; an <ex>industrious</ex> mischief maker.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Industrious</b> to seek out the truth of all things.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*dus"tri*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In*dus"tri*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Industry</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In"dus*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Industries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>industria</ets>, cf. <ets>industrius</ets> diligent; of uncertain origin: cf. F. <ets>industrie</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Habitual diligence in any employment or pursuit, either bodily or mental; steady attention to business; assiduity; -- opposed to <i>sloth</i> and <i>idleness</i>; <as>as, <ex>industry</ex> pays debts, while idleness or despair will increase them</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We are more industrious than our forefathers, because in the present times the funds destined for the maintenance of <b>industry</b> are much greater in proportion to those which are likely to be employed in the maintenance of idleness, than they were two or three centuries ago.
<i>A. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any department or branch of art, occupation, or business; especially, one which employs much labor and capital and is a distinct branch of trade; <as>as, the sugar <ex>industry</ex>; the iron <ex>industry</ex>; the cotton <ex>industry</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Polit. Econ.)</fld> <def>Human exertion of any kind employed for the creation of value, and regarded by some as a species of capital or wealth; labor.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Diligence; assiduity; perseverance; activity; laboriousness; attention. See <er>Diligence</er>.</syn>

<h1>Indutive</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*du"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>indutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>induere</ets> to put on. See <er>Indue</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Covered; -- applied to seeds which have the usual integumentary covering.</def>

<h1>Induvi\'91</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*du"vi*\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., clothes, fr. <ets>induere</ets> to put on. See <er>Indue</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Persistent portions of a calyx or corolla; also, leaves which do not disarticulate from the stem, and hence remain for a long time.</def>

<h1>Induviate</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*du"vi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Covered with induvi\'91, as the upper part of the trunk of a palm tree.</def>

<h1>Indwell</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In"dwell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Indwelt</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Indwelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To dwell in; to abide within; to remain in possession.</def>

<blockquote>The Holy Ghost became a dove, not as a symbol, but as a constantly <b>indwelt</b> form.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Indweller</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In"dwell`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inhabitant.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Indwelling</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In"dwell`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Residence within, as in the heart.</def>

<blockquote>The personal <b>indwelling</b> of the Spirit in believers.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>-ine</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>-ine</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A suffix, indicating that those substances of whose names it is a part are <i>basic</i>, and <i>alkaloidal</i> in their nature.</def>

<note>&hand; All organic bases, and basic substances (especially nitrogenous substances), are systematically written with the termination <i>-ine</i>; as, quin<i>ine</i>, morph<i>ine</i>, guanid<i>ine</i>, etc. All indifferent and neutral substances, as proteids, glycerides, glucosides, etc., should commonly be spelled with <i>-in</i>; as, gelat<i>in</i>, amygdal<i>in</i>, etc. This rue has no application to those numerous commercial or popular names with the termination <i>-ine</i>; as, gasol<i>ine</i>, vasel<i>ine</i>, etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Organ. Chem.)</fld> <def>A suffix, used to indicate <i>hydrocarbons of the second degree of unsaturation</i>; i. e., members of the acetyline series; <as>as, <ex>hexine</ex>, <ex>heptine</ex>, etc.</as></def>
<-- now "-yne" -->

<h1>Inearth</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*earth"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Inebriant</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*e"bri*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inebrians</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>inebriare</ets>. See <er>Inebriate</er>.]</ety> <def>Intoxicating.</def>

<h1>Inebriant</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*e"bri*ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything that intoxicates, as opium, alcohol, etc.; an intoxicant.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Inebriate</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*e"bri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inebriated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inebriating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>inebriatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inebriare</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>ebriare</ets> to make drunk, fr. <ets>ebrius</ets> drunk.  See <er>Ebriety</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make drunk; to intoxicate.</def>

<blockquote>The cups
That cheer but not <b>inebriate</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To disorder the senses of; to exhilarate or elate as if by spirituous drink; to deprive of sense and judgment; also, to stupefy.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>inebriating</b> effect of popular applause.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inebriate</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*e"bri*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become drunk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Inebriate</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*e"bri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inebriatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Intoxicated; drunk; habitually given to drink; stupefied.</def>

<blockquote>Thus spake Peter, as a man <b>inebriate</b> and made drunken with the sweetness of this vision, not knowing what he said.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inebriate</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*e"bri*ate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is drunk or intoxicated; esp., an habitual drunkard; <as>as, an asylum fro <ex>inebriates</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Some <b>inebriates</b> have their paroxysms of inebriety.
<i>E. Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inebriation</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*e`bri*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inebriatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The condition of being inebriated; intoxication; figuratively, deprivation of sense and judgment by anything that exhilarates, as success.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<blockquote>Preserve him from the <b>inebriation</b> of prosperity.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Drunkenness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Inebriety</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`e*bri"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Inebriate</er>, <er>Ebriety</er>.]</ety> <def>Drunkenness; inebriation.</def>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Inebrious</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*e"bri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Intoxicated, or partially so; intoxicating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>T. Brown.</i>

<h1>Inedited</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*ed"it*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not edited; unpublished; <as>as, an <ex>inedited</ex> manuscript</as>.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>In\'82e</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>I`n\'82e"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>An arrow poison, made from an apocynaceous plant (<spn>Strophanthus hispidus</spn>) of the Gaboon country; -- called also <altname>onaye</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ineffability</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*ef`fa*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ineffabilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ineffabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being ineffable; ineffableness; unspeakableness.</def>

<h1>Ineffable</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*ef"fa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ineffabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ineffable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Effable</er>, <er>Fame</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being expresses in words; unspeakable; unutterable; indescribable; <as>as, the <ex>ineffable</ex> joys of heaven</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Contentment with our lot . . . will diffuse <b>ineffable</b> conten<?/ment over the soul.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ineffableness</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*ef"fa*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being ineffable or unutterable; unspeakableness.</def>

<h1>Ineffably</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*ef"fa*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner not to be expressed in words; unspeakably.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Ineffaceable</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`ef*face"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>effaceable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ineffa<?/able</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being effaced; indelible; ineradicable.</def>

<h1>Ineffaceably</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`ef*face"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as not to be effaceable.</def>

<h1>Ineffectible</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`ef*fect"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ineffectual; impracticable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Ineffective</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`ef*fect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>effective</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ineffectif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not effective; ineffectual; futile; inefficient; useless; <as>as, an <ex>ineffective</ex> appeal</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The word of God, without the spirit, [is] a dead and <b>ineffective</b> letter.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ineffectively</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`ef*fect"ive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ineffective manner; without effect; inefficiently; ineffectually.</def>

<h1>Ineffectiveness</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`ef*fect"ive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being ineffective.</def>

<h1>Ineffectual</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`ef*fec"tu*al</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not producing the proper effect; without effect; inefficient; weak; useless; futile; unavailing; <as>as, an <ex>ineffectual</ex> attempt; an <ex>ineffectual</ex> expedient.</as></def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>The peony root has been much commended, . . . and yet has been by many found <b>ineffectual</b>.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Inefficient; useless; inefficacious; vain; fruitless; unavailing; futile. See <er>Uselesss</er>, <er>Inefficacious</er>.</syn>

<h1>Ineffectuality</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`ef*fec`tu*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ineffectualness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ineffectually</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`ef*fec"tu*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without effect; in vain.</def>

<blockquote>Hereford . . . had been besieged for abou<?/ two months <b>ineffectually</b> by the Scots.
<i>Ludlow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ineffectualness</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`ef*fec"tu*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of effect, or of power to produce it; inefficacy.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>ineffectualness</b> of some men's devotion.
<i>Wake.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ineffervescence</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*ef`fer*ves"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of effervescence.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<h1>Ineffervescent</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*ef`fer*ves"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not effervescing, or not susceptible of effervescence; quiescent.</def>

<h1>Ineffervescibility</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*ef`fer*ves`ci*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being ineffervescible.</def>

<h1>Ineffervescible</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*ef`fer*ves"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not capable or susceptible of effervescence.</def>

<h1>Inefficacious</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*ef`fi*ca"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not +  <ets>efficacious</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inefficace</ets>, L. <ets>inefficax</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not efficacious; not having power to produce the effect desired; inadequate; incompetent; inefficient; impotent.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<blockquote>The authority of Parliament must become <b>inefficacious</b> . . . to restrain the growth of disorders.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Ineffectual</i>, says Johnson, rather denotes an actual failure, and <i>inefficacious</i> and habitual impotence to any effect. But the distinction is not always observed, nor can it be; for we can not always know whether means are <i>inefficacious</i> till experiment has proved them <i>ineffectual</i>. <i>Inefficacious</i> is therefore sometimes synonymous with <i>ineffectual</i>.</note>

<h1>Inefficaciously</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*ef`fi*ca"cious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>without efficacy or effect.</def>

<h1>Inefficaciousness</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*ef`fi*ca"cious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of effect, or of power to produce the effect; inefficacy.</def>

<h1>Inefficacy</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*ef"fi*ca*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inefficacia</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Efficacy</er>.]</ety> <def>Want of power to produce the desired or proper effect; inefficiency; ineffectualness; futility; uselessness; fruitlessness; <as>as, the <ex>inefficacy</ex> of medicines or means</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The seeming <b>inefficacy</b> of censures.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>inefficacy</b> was soon proved, like that of many similar medicines.
<i>James Gregory.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inenficiency</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`en*fi"cien*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being inefficient; want of power or energy sufficient; want of power or energy sufficient for the desired effect; inefficacy; incapacity; <as>as, he was discharged from his position for <ex>inefficiency</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Inenficient</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`en*fi"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not efficient; not producing the effect intended or desired; inefficacious; <as>as, <ex>inefficient</ex> means or measures</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Incapable of, or indisposed to, effective action; habitually slack or remiss; effecting little or nothing; <as>as, <ex>inefficient</ex> workmen; an <ex>inefficient</ex> administrator.</as></def>

<h1>Inenficiently</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`en*fi"cient*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inefficient manner.</def>

<h1>Inelaborate</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`e*lab"o*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inelaboratus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Elaborate</er>.]</ety> <def>Not elaborate; not wrought with care; unpolished; crude; unfinished.</def>

<h1>Inelastic</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`e*las"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not elastic.</def>

<h1>Inelasticity</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`e*las*tic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of elasticity.</def>

<h1>Inelegance, Inelegancy</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw><hw>In*el"e*gance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*el"e*gan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Inelegances</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <plw>Inelegancies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>inelegantia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>in\'82l\'82gance</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being inelegant; want of elegance or grace; want of refinement, beauty, or polish in language, composition, or manners.</def>

<blockquote>The notorious <b>inelegance</b> of her figure.
<i>T. Hook.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything inelegant; <as>as, <ex>inelegance</ex> of style in literary composition</as>.</def>

<h1>Inelegant</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*el"e*gant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inelegans</ets>: cf. F. <ets>in\'82l\'82gant</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Elegant</er>.]</ety> <def>Not elegant; deficient in beauty, polish, refinement, grave, or ornament; wanting in anything which correct taste requires.</def>

<blockquote>What order so contrived as not to mix
Tastes, not well joined, <b>inelegant</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It renders style often obscure, always embarrassed and <b>inelegant</b>.
<i>Blair.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inelegantly</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*el"e*gant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inelegant manner.</def>

<h1>Ineligibility</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*el`i*gi*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>in\'82ligibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being ineligible.</def>

<h1>Ineligible</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*el"i*gi*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>eligible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>in\'82ligible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not eligible; not qualified to be chos<?/<?/ for an office; not worthy to be chosen or preffered; not expedient or desirable.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Inelligibly</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*el"li*gi*bly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ineligible manner.</def>

<h1>Ineloquent</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*e"lo*quent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ineloquens</ets>: cf. F. <ets>in\'82loquent</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Eloquent</er>.]</ety> <def>Not eloquent; not fluent, graceful, or pathetic; not persuasive; <as>as, <ex>ineloquent</ex> language</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Nor are thy lips ungraceful, sire of men,
Nor tongue <b>ineloquent</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ineloquently</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*e"lo*quent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without eloquence.</def>

<h1>Ineluctable</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`e*luc"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ineluctabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>eluctabilis</ets> to be surmounted, fr. <ets>eluctari</ets> to struggle out of, to surmount: cf. F. <ets>in\'82luctable</ets>. See <er>Eluctate</er>.]</ety> <def>Not to be overcome by struggling; irresistible; inevitable.</def>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>ineluctable</b> conditions of matter.
<i>Hamerton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ineludible</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`e*lud"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being eluded or evaded; unvoidable.</def>

<blockquote>Most pressing reasons and <b>ineludible</b> demonstrations.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inembryonate</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*em"bry*o*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Not embryonate.</def>

<h1>Inernarrable</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`er*nar"ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inenarrabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>enarrabilis</ets> that may be related; fr. <ets>enarrare</ets> to relate: cf. F. <ets>in\'82narrable</ets>. See <er>Enarration</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being narrated; indescribable; ineffable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Inenarrable</i> goodness."

<i>Bp. Fisher.</i>

<h1>Inept</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*ept"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ineptus</ets>; prefix. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>aptus</ets> apt, fit: cf. F. <ets>inepte</ets>. Cf. <er>Inapt</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not apt or fit; unfit; unsuitable; improper; unbecoming.</def>

<blockquote>The Aristotelian philosophy is <b>inept</b> for new discoveries.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Silly; useless; nonsensical; absurd; foolish.</def>

<blockquote>To view attention as a special act of intelligence, and to distinguish it from consciousness, is utterly <b>inept</b>.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ineptitude</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*ept"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ineptitudo</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being inept; unfitness; inaptitude; unsuitableness.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>ineptitude</b> for society, which is frequently the fault of us scholars.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Absurdity; nonsense; foolishness.</def>

<h1>Ineptly</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*ept"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Unfitly; unsuitably; awkwardly.</def>

<blockquote>None of them are made foolishly or <b>ineptly</b>.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ineptness</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*ept"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Unfitness; ineptitude.</def>

<blockquote>The feebleness and miserable <b>ineptness</b> of infancy.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inequable</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*e"qua*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unequable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Inequal</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*e"qual</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inaequalis</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Equal</er>.]</ety> <def>Unequal; uneven; various.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Inequality</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`e*qual"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Inequalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>inaequalitas</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being unequal; difference, or want of equality, in any respect; lack of uniformity; disproportion; unevenness; disparity; diversity; <as>as, an <ex>inequality</ex> in size, stature, numbers, power, distances, motions, rank, property, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>There is so great an <b>inequality</b> in the length of our legs and arms as makes it impossible for us to walk on all four.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Notwithstanding which <b>inequality</b> of number, it was resolved in a council of war to fight the Dutch fleet.
<i>Ludlow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sympathy is rarely strong where there is a great <b>inequality</b> of condition.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unevenness; want of levelness; the alternate rising and falling of a surface; <as>as, the <ex>inequalities</ex> of the surface of the earth, or of a marble slab, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>The country is cut into so many hills and <b>inequalities</b> as renders it defensible.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Variableness; changeableness; inconstancy; lack of smoothness or equability; deviation; unsteadiness, as of the weather, feelings, etc.</def>

<blockquote><b>Inequality</b> of air is ever an enemy to health.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Disproportion to any office or purpose; inadequacy; competency; <as>as, the <ex>inequality</ex> of terrestrial things to the wants of a rational soul</as>.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>An expression consisting of two unequal quantities, with the sign of inequality (&gt; or &lt;) between them; <as>as, the <ex>inequality</ex> 2 &lt; 3, or 4 &gt; 1</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An irregularity, or a deviation, in the motion of a planet or satellite from its uniform mean motion; the amount of such deviation.</def>

<h1>Inequation</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`e*qua"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An inequality.</def>

<h1>Inequidistant</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*e`qui*dis"tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not equally distant; not equidistant.</def>

<h1>Inequilateral</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*e`qui*lat"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having unequal sides; unsymmetrical; unequal-sided.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the two ends unequal, as in the clam, quahaug, and most lamellibranch shells.</def>

<h1>Inequilobate</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*e`qui*lo"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>equi-</ets> + <ets>lobate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Unequally lobed; cut into lobes of different shapes or sizes.</def>

<h1>Inequitable</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*eq"ui*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not equitable; not just.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Inequitate</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*eq"ui*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inequitatus</ets>, p. p. <ets>inequitare</ets> to ride over. See 1st <er>In-</er>, and <er>Equitant</er>.]</ety> <def>To ride over or through.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Inequity</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*eq"ui*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of equity; injustice; wrong.</def> "Some form of <i>inequity</i>."

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Inequivalve, Inequivalvular</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw><hw>In*e"qui*valve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*e`qui*val"vu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having unequal valves, as the shell of an oyster.</def>

<h1>Ineradicable</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`e*rad"i*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being <?/radicated or rooted out.</def>

<blockquote>The bad seed thus sown was <b>ineradicable</b>.
<i>Ld. Lytton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ineradicably</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`e*rad"i*ca*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as not to be eradicable.</def>

<h1>Inergetic, Inergetical</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw><hw>In`er*get"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`er*get"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + en<ets>ergetic</ets>, <ets>-ical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having no energy; sluggish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Inergetically</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In`er*get"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without energy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Inerm, Inermous</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw><hw>In*erm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*er"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Inermis</er>.</def>

<h1>Inermis</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*er"mis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inermis</ets>, <ets>inermus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>arma</ets> arms: cf. F. <ets>inerme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Unarmed; destitute of prickles or thorns, as a leaf.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Inerrability</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*er`ra*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Freedom or exemption from error; infallibility.</def>

<i>Eikon Basilike.</i>

<h1>Inerrable</h1>
<Xpage=756>

<hw>In*er"ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inerrabilis</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Err</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of erring; infallible; unerring.</def> "<i>Inerabble</i> and requisite conditions." <i>Sir T. Browne</i>. "Not an <i>inerrable</i> text."

<i>Gladstone.</i>

<hr>
<page="757">
Page 757<p>

<h1>Inerrableness</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*er"ra*ble*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Exemption from error; inerrability; infallibility.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Inerrably</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*er"ra*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With security from error; infallibly; unerringly.</def>

<h1>Inerrancy</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*er"ran*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Exemption from error.</def>

<blockquote>The absolute <b>inerrancy</b> odf the Bible.
<i>The Century.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inerratic</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`er*rat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not erratic or wandering; fixed; settled; established.</def>

<h1>Inerringly</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*err"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without error, mistake, or deviation; unerringly.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Inert</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*ert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>iners</ets>, <ets>inertis</ets>, unskilled, idle; pref. <ets>in-</ets> + <ets>ars</ets> art: cf. F. <ets>inerte</ets>. See <er>Art</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of the power of moving itself, or of active resistance to motion; <as>as, matter is <ex>inert</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Indisposed to move or act; very slow to act; sluggish; dull; inactive; indolent; lifeless.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>inert</b> and desponding party of the court.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It present becomes extravagant, then imbecile, and at length utterly <b>inert</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not having or manifesting active properties; not affecting other substances when brought in contact with them; powerless for an expected or desired effect.</dsyn

<syn>Syn. -- Inactive; dull; passive; indolent; sluggish; slothful; lazy; lifeless; irresolute; stupid; senseless; insensible. -- <er>Inert</er>, <er>Inactive</er>, <er>Sluggish</er>. A man may be <i>inactive</i> from mere want of stimulus to effort; but one who is <i>inert</i> has something in his constitution or his habits which operates like a weight holding him back from exertion. <i>Sluggish</i> is still stronger, implying some defect of temperament which directly impedes action. <i>Inert</i> and <i>inactive</i> are negative, <i>sluggish</i> is positive.</def>

<blockquote>Even the favored isles . . .
Can boast but little virtue; and, <b>inert</b>
Through plenty, lose in morals what they gain
In manners -- victims of luxurious ease.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Doomed to lose four months in <b>inactive</b> obscurity.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Sluggish</b> Idleness, the nurse of sin,
Upon a slothful ass he chose to ride.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inertia</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*er"ti*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., idleness, fr. <ets>iners</ets> idle. See <er>Inert</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That property of matter by which it tends when at rest to remain so, and when in motion to continue in motion, and in the same straight line or direction, unless acted on by some external force; -- sometimes called <altname>vis inerti\'91</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inertness; indisposition to motion, exertion, or action; want of energy; sluggishness.</def>

<blockquote>Men . . . have immense irresolution and <b>inertia</b>.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Want of activity; sluggishness; -- said especially of the uterus, when, in labor, its contractions have nearly or wholly ceased.</def>

<cs><col>Center of inertia</col>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Center</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inertion</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*er"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of activity or exertion; inertness; quietude.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>These vicissitudes of exertion and <b>inertion</b> of the arterial system constitute the paroxysms of remittent fever.
<i>E. Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inertitude</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*ert"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Inert</er>.]</ety> <def>Inertness; inertia.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Good.</i>

<h1>Inertly</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*ert"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without activity; sluggishly.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Inertness</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*ert"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of activity or exertion; habitual indisposition to action or motion; sluggishness; apathy; insensibility.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<blockquote>Laziness and <b>inertness</b> of mind.

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Absence of the power of self-motion; inertia.</def>

<h1>Inerudite</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*er"u*dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ineruditus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Erudite</er>.]</ety> <def>Not erudite; unlearned; ignorant.</def>

<h1>Inescapable</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`es*cap"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not escapable.</def>

<h1>Inescate</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*es"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inescatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inescare</ets>; <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>esca</ets> bait.]</ety> <def>To allure; to lay a bait for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>inescate</b> and beguile young women!

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Inescation</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`es*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inescatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of baiting; allurement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hallywell.</i>

<h1>Inescutcheon</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`es*cutch"eon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A small escutcheon borne within a shield.</def>

<h1>In esse</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In` es"se</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>In being; actually existing; -- distinguished from <i>in posse</i>, or <i>in potentia</i>, which denote that a thing is not, but may be.</def>

<h1>Inessential</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`es*sen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>essential</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inessentiel</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having no essence or being.</def>

<i>H. Brooke.</i>

<blockquote>The womb of <b>inessential</b> Naught.
<i>Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not essential; unessential.</def>

<h1>Inestimable</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*es"ti*ma*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inaestimabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inestimable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Estimate</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being estimated or computed; especially, too valuable or excellent to be measured or fully appreciated; above all price; <as>as, <ex>inestimable</ex> rights or privileges</as>.</def>

<blockquote>But above all, for thine <b>inestimable</b> love.
<i>Bk. of Com. Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Science is too <b>inestimable</b> for expression by a money standard.
<i>Lyon Playfair.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Incalculable; invaluable; priceless.</syn>

<h1>Inestimably</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*es"ti*ma*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner, or to a degree, above estimation; <as>as, things <ex>inestimably</ex> excellent</as>.</def>

<h1>Inevasible</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`e*va"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being <?/vaded; inevitable; unavoidable.</def>

<h1>Inevidence</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*ev"i*dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>in\'82vidence</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of evidence; obscurity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Inevident</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*ev"i*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>in\'82vident</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not evident; not clear or obvious; obscure.</def>

<h1>Inevitability</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*ev`i*ta*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>in\'82vitabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Impossibility to be avoided or shunned; inevitableness.</def>

<i>Shelford.</i>

<h1>Inevitable</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*ev"i*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inevitabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>in\'82vitable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Evitable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not evitable; incapable of being shunned; unavoidable; certain.</def> "The <i>inevitable</i> hour."

<i>Gray.</i>

<blockquote>It was <b>inevitable</b>; it was necessary; it was planted in the nature of things.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Irresistible.</def> "<i>Inevitable</i> charms."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Inevitableness</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*ev"i*ta*ble*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being unavoidable; certainty to happen.</def>

<i>Prideaux.</i>

<h1>Inevitably</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*ev"i*ta*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without possibility of escape or evasion; unavoidably; certainly.</def>

<blockquote><b>Inevitably</b> thou shalt die.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How <b>inevitably</b> does immoderate laughter end in a sigh!
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inexact</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*act"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>exact</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inexact</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not exact; not precisely correct or true; inaccurate.</def>

<h1>Inexactitude</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*act"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inexactness; uncertainty; <as>as, geographical <ex>inexactitude</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Inexactly</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*act"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner not exact or precise; inaccurately.</def>

<i>R. A. Proctor.</i>

<h1>Inexactness</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*act"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Incorrectness; want of exactness.</def>

<h1>Inexcitability</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*cit`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being inexcitable; insusceptibility to excitement.</def>

<h1>Inexcitable</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*cit"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inexcitabilis</ets> from which one cannot be aroused. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Excite</er>.]</ety> <def>Not susceptible of excitement; dull; lifeless; torpid.</def>

<h1>Inexcusable</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*cus"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inexcusabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inexcusable</ets>. See <er>Excuse</er>.]</ety> <def>Not excusable; not admitting excuse or justification; <as>as, <ex>inexcusable</ex> folly</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Therefore thou art <b>inexcusable</b>, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest; for wherein thou judgest another, thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest doest the same things.
<i>Rom. ii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inexcusableness</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*cus"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being inexcusable; enormity forgiveness.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Inexcusably</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*cus"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With a degree of guilt or folly beyond excuse or justification.</def>

<blockquote><b>Inexcusably</b> obstinate and perverse.
<i>Jortin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inexecrable</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*ex"e*cra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That can not be execrated enough.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Inexecutable</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*ex"e*cu`ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>executable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inex\'82cutable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being executed or performed; impracticable; infeasible.</def>

<h1>Inexecution</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*ex`e*cu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>execution</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inex\'82cution</ets>.]</ety> <def>Neglect of execution; nonperformance; <as>as, the <ex>inexecution</ex> of a treaty</as>.</def>

<i>Spence.</i>

<h1>Inexertion</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*er"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of exertion; want of effort; defect of action; indolence; laziness.</def>

<h1>Inexhalable</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*hal"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being exhaled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Inexhausted</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*haust"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>exhausted</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inexhaustus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not exhausted; not emptied; not spent; not having lost all strength or resources; unexhausted.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Inexhaustedly</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*haust"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without exhaustion.</def>

<h1>Inexhaustibility</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*haust`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being inexhaustible; abundance.</def>

<h1>Inexhaustible</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*haust"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being exhausted, emptied, or used up; unfailing; not to be wasted or spent; <as>as, <ex>inexhaustible</ex> stores of provisions; an <ex>inexhaustible</ex> stock of elegant words.</as></def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>An <b>inexhaustible</b> store of anecdotes.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`ex*haust"i*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In`ex*haust"i*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inexhaustive</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*haust"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inexhaustible.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Inexist</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*ist"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>exist</ets>.]</ety> <def>To exist within; to dwell within.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Substances <b>inexisting</b> within the divine mind.
<i>A. Tucker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inexistant</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*ist"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inexistant</ets>. See 1st <er>Inexistent</er>.]</ety> <def>Inexistent; not existing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gudworth.</i>

<h1>Inexistence</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*ist"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>existence</ets>.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Inherence; subsistence</def>. <i>Bp. Hall</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That which exists within; a constituent.</def>

<i>A. Tucker.</i>

<h1>Inexistence</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*ist"ence</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>existence</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inexistence</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of being or existence.</def>

<h1>Inexistent</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*ist"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>existent</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inexistant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not having being; not existing.</def>

<h1>Inexistent</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*ist"ent</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>existent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Inherent; innate; indwelling.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Inexorability</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*ex`o*ra*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inexorabilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inexorabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being inexorable, or unyielding to entreaty.</def>

<i>Paley.</i>

<h1>Inexorable</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*ex"o*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inexorabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inexorable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Exorable</er>, <er>Adore</er>.]</ety> <def>Not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty or prayer; firm; determined; unyielding; unchangeable; inflexible; relentless; <as>as, an <ex>inexorable</ex> prince or tyrant; an <ex>inexorable</ex> judge.</as></def> "<i>Inexorable</i> equality of laws." <i>Gibbon</i>. "Death's <i>inexorable</i> doom."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>You are more inhuman, more <b>inexorable</b>,
O, ten times more than tigers of Hyrcania.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inexorableness</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*ex"o*ra*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being inexorable.</def>

<i>Chillingworth.</i>

<h1>Inexorably</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*ex"o*ra*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inexorable manner; inflexibly.</def> "<i>Inexorably</i> firm."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Inexpansible</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*pan"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of expansion, enlargement, or extension.</def>

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Inexpectable</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*pect"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not to be expected or anticipated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Inexpectant</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In"ex*pect"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not expectant.</def>

<i>C. Bront\'82.</i>

<h1>Inexpectation</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*ex`pec*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Absence of expectation.</def>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Inexpected</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*pect"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>expected</ets>: cf. L. <ets>inexspectatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unexpected.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inexpectedly</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*pect"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Unexpectedly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inexpectedness</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*pect"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Unexpectedness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inexpedience, Inexpediency</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw><hw>In`ex*pe"di*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`ex*pe"di*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being inexpedient; want of fitness; unsuitableness to the end or object; impropriety; <as>as, the <ex>inexpedience</ex> of some measures</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It is not the rigor but the <b>inexpediency</b> of laws and acts of authority which makes them tyrannical.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inexpedient</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*pe"di*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not expedient; not tending to promote a purpose; not tending to the end desired; inadvisable; unfit; improper; unsuitable to time and place; <as>as, what is expedient at one time may be <ex>inexpedient</ex> at another</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If it was not unlawful, yet it was highly <b>inexpedient</b> to use those ceremonies.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Unwise; impolitic; imprudent; indiscreet; unprofitable; inadvisable; disadvantageous.</syn>

<h1>Inexpediently</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*pe"di*ent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Not <?/<?/pediently; unfitly.</def>

<h1>Inexpensive</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*pen"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not expensive; cheap.</def>

<h1>Inexperience</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*pe"ri*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inexperientia</ets>, cf. F. <ets>inexp\'82rience</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Experience</er>.]</ety> <def>Absence or want of experience; lack of personal and experimental knowledge; <as>as, the <ex>inexperience</ex> of youth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Failings which are incident to youth and <b>inexperience</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Prejudice and self-sufficiency naturally proceed from <b>inexperience</b> of the world, and ignorance of mankind.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inexperienced</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*pe"ri*enced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not having experience unskilled.</def> "<i>Inexperienced</i> youth."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Inexpert</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*pert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inexpertus</ets> inexperienced: cf. F. <ets>inexpert</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Expert</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of experience or of much experience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not expert; not skilled; destitute of knowledge or dexterity derived from practice.</def>

<i>Akenside.</i>

<h1>Inexpertness</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*pert"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of expertness or skill.</def>

<h1>Inexpiable</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In*ex"pi*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inexpiabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inexpiable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Expiable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Admitting of no expiation, atonement, or satisfaction; <as>as, an <ex>inexpiable</ex> crime or offense</as>.</def>

<i>Pomfret.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Incapable of being mollified or appeased; relentless; implacable.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "<i>Inexpiable</i> hate."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>They are at <b>inexpiable</b> war with all establishments.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inexpiableness</h1>
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<hw>In*ex"pi*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being inexpiable.</def>

<h1>Inexpiably</h1>
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<hw>In*ex"pi*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inexpiable manner of degree; to a degree that admits of no atonement.</def>

<h1>Inexpiate</h1>
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<hw>In*ex"pi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inexpiatus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Expiate</er>.]</ety> <def>Not appeased or placated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To rest <b>inexpiate</b> were much too rude a part.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inexplainable</h1>
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<hw>In`ex*plain"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>explainable</ets>; cf. L. <ets>inexplanabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being explained; inexplicable.</def>

<h1>Inexpleably</h1>
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<hw>In*ex"ple*a*bly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>inexplebilis</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>explere</ets> to fill up. See <er>Expletion</er>.]</ety> <def>Insatiably.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Inexplicability</h1>
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<hw>In*ex`pli*ca*bil"i*ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inexplicabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being inexplicable.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Inexplicable</h1>
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<hw>In*ex"pli*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inexplicabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inexplicable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Explicable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not explicable; not explainable; incapable of being explained, interpreted, or accounted for; <as>as, an <ex>inexplicable</ex> mystery</as>.</def> "An <i>inexplicable</i> scratching."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>Their reason is disturbed; their views become vast and perplexed, to others <b>inexplicable</b>, to themselves uncertain.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inexplicableness</h1>
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<hw>In*ex"pli*ca*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being inexplicable; inexplicability.</def>

<h1>Inexplicably</h1>
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<hw>In*ex"pli*ca*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inexplicable manner.</def>

<h1>Inexplicit</h1>
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<hw>In`ex*plic"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inexplicitus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inexplicite</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Explicit</er>.]</ety> <def>Not explicit; not clearly stated; indefinite; vague.</def>

<h1>Inexplorable</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*plor"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being explored, searched out, or discovered.</def>

<i>Sir G. Buck.</i>

<h1>Inexplosive</h1>
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<hw>In`ex*plo"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not explosive.</def>

<h1>Inexposure</h1>
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<hw>In`ex*po"sure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of not being exposed.</def>

<h1>Inexpressible</h1>
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<hw>In`ex*press"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not capable of expression or utterance in language; ineffable; unspeakable; indescribable; unutterable; <as>as, <ex>inexpressible</ex> grief or pleasure</as>.</def> "<i>Inexpressible</i> grandeur."

<i>Blair.</i>

<blockquote>In orbs
Of circuit <b>inexpressible</b> they stood.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inexpressibles</h1>
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<hw>In`ex*press"i*bles</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Breeches; trousers.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or Slang]</mark>
<-- = unmentionables; underwear, esp. women's -->

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<h1>Inexpressibly</h1>
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<hw>In`ex*press"i*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inexpressible manner or degree; unspeakably; unutterably.</def>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<h1>Inexpressive</h1>
<Xpage=757>

<hw>In`ex*press"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inexpressible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without expression or meaning; not expressive; dull; unintelligent; <as>as, an <ex>inexpressive</ex> countenance</as>.</def>

<h1>Inexpressiveness</h1>
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<hw>In`ex*press"ive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being inexpressive.</def>

<h1>Inexpugnable</h1>
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<hw>In`ex*pug"na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inexpugnabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inexpugnable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Expugnable</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being subdued by force; impregnable; unconquerable.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<blockquote>A fortress, <b>inexpugnable</b> by the arts of war.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inexpugnably</h1>
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<hw>In`ex*pug"na*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to be inexpugnable; in an inexpugnable manner.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Inexsuperable</h1>
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<hw>In`ex*su"per*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inexsuperabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>exsuperabilis</ets> that may be surmounted. See <er>In-</er> not, <er>Ex-</er>, and <er>Superable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not capable of being passed over; insuperable; insurmountable.</def>

<h1>Inextended</h1>
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<hw>In`ex*tend"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not extended.</def>

<h1>Inextensible</h1>
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<hw>In`ex*ten"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not capable of being extended; not elastic; <as>as, <ex>inextensible</ex> fibers</as>.</def>

<h1>Inextension</h1>
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<hw>In`ex*ten"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of extension; unextended state.</def>

<h1>Inexterminable</h1>
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<hw>In`ex*ter"mi*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inexterminabilis</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Exterminate</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of extermination.</def>

<i>Rush.</i>

<h1>Inextinct</h1>
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<hw>In`ex*tinct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inextinctus</ets>, <ets>inexstinctus</ets>. See <er>Extinct</er>.]</ety> <def>Not quenched; not extinct.</def>

<h1>Inextinguible</h1>
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<hw>In`ex*tin"gui*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inexstinguibilis</ets>: cf. F, <ets>inextinguible</ets>. See <er>Inextinct</er>.]</ety> <def>Inextinguishable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Inextinguishable</h1>
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<hw>In`ex*tin"guish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not capable of being extinguished; extinguishable; unquenchable; <as>as, <ex>inextinguishable</ex> flame, light, thirst, desire, feuds</as>.</def> "<i>Inextinguishable</i> rage."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Inextinguishably</h1>
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<hw>In`ex*tin"guish*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as not to be extinguished; in an inextinguishable manner.</def>

<h1>Inextirpable</h1>
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<hw>In`ex*tir"pa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inexstirpabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inextirpable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Extirpate</er>.]</ety> <def>Not capable of being extirpated or rooted out; ineradicable.</def>

<h1>Inextricable</h1>
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<hw>In*ex"tri*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inextricabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inextricable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Extricate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Incapable of being extricated, untied, or disentangled; hopelessly intricate, confused, or obscure; <as>as, an <ex>inextricable</ex> knot or difficulty; <ex>inextricable</ex> confusion.</as></def>

<blockquote>Lost in the wild, <b>inextricable</b> maze.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inevitable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Fate <i>inextricable</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<hr>
<page="758">
Page 758<p>

<h1>Inextricableness</h1>
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<hw>In*ex"tri*ca*ble*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being inextricable.</def>

<h1>Inextricably</h1>
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<hw>In*ex"tri*ca*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inextricable manner.</def>

<h1>Ineye</h1>
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<hw>In*eye"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ineyed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ineyeing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>eye</ets>.]</ety> <def>To ingraft, as a tree or plant, by the insertion of a bud or eye; to inoculate.</def>

<blockquote>The arts of grafting and <b>ineying</b>.
<i>J. Philips.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infabricated</h1>
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<hw>In*fab"ri*ca`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not fabricated; unwrought; not artificial; natural.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Infallibilist</h1>
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<hw>In*fal"li*bil*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who accepts or maintains the dogma of papal infallibility.</def>

<h1>Infallibility</h1>
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<hw>In*fal`li*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>infaillibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being infallible, or exempt from error; inerrability.</def>

<blockquote><b>Infallibility</b> is the highest perfection of the knowing faculty.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Papal infallibility</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>the dogma that the pope can not, when acting in his official character of supreme pontiff, err in defining a doctrine of Christian faith or rule of morals, to be held by the church. This was decreed by the Ecumenical Council at the Vatican, July 18, 1870.</cd></cs>

<h1>Infallible</h1>
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<hw>In*fal"li*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>fallible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>infallible</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not fallible; not capable of erring; entirely exempt from liability to mistake; unerring; inerrable.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not liable to fail, deceive, or disappoint; indubitable; sure; certain; <as>as, <ex>infallible</ex> evidence; <ex>infallible</ex> success; an <ex>infallible</ex> remedy.</as></def>

<blockquote>To whom also he showed himself alive, after his passion, by many <b>infallible</b> proofs.
<i>Acts i. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>Incapable of error in defining doctrines touching faith or morals. See <cref>Papal infallibility</cref>, under <er>Infallibility</er>.</def>

<h1>Infallibleness</h1>
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<hw>In*fal"li*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being infallible; infallibility.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Infallibly</h1>
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<hw>In*fal"li*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an infallible manner; certainly; unfailingly; unerringly.</def>

<i>Blair.</i>

<h1>Infame</h1>
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<hw>In*fame"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infamare</ets>, fr. <ets>infamis</ets> infamous: cf. F. <ets>infamer</ets>, It. <ets>infamare</ets>. See <er>Infamous</er>.]</ety> <def>To defame; to make infamous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Livia is <b>infamed</b> for the poisoning of her husband.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infamize</h1>
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<hw>In"fa*mize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Infamized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Infamizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make infamous; to defame.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Infamous</h1>
<Xpage=758>

<hw>In"fa*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>famous</ets>: cf. L. <ets>infamis</ets>. See <er>Infamy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of very bad report; having a reputation of the worst kind; held in abhorrence; guilty of something that exposes to infamy; base; notoriously vile; detestable; <as>as, an <ex>infamous</ex> traitor; an <ex>infamous</ex> perjurer.</as></def>

<blockquote>False errant knight, <b>infamous</b>, and forsworn.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing or producing infamy; deserving detestation; scandalous to the last degree; <as>as, an <ex>infamous</ex> act; <ex>infamous</ex> vices; <ex>infamous</ex> corruption.</as></def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Branded with infamy by conviction of a crime; <as>as, at common law, an <ex>infamous</ex> person can not be a witness</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Having a bad name as being the place where an odious crime was committed, or as being associated with something detestable; hence, unlucky; perilous; dangerous.</def> "<i>Infamous</i> woods."

<i>P. Fletcher.</i>

<blockquote><b>Infamous</b> hills, and sandy perilous wilds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The piny shade
More <b>infamous</b> by cursed Lycaon made.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Detestable; odious; scandalous; disgraceful; base; vile; shameful; ignominious.</syn>

<h1>Infamously</h1>
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<hw>In"fa*mous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an infamous manner or degree; scandalously; disgracefully; shamefully.</def>

<blockquote>The sealed fountain of royal bounty which had been <b>infamously</b> monopolized and huckstered.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infamousness</h1>
<Xpage=758>

<hw>In"fa*mous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being infamous; infamy.</def>

<h1>Infamy</h1>
<Xpage=758>

<hw>In"fa*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Infamies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>infamia</ets>, fr. <ets>infamis</ets> infamous; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>fama</ets> fame: cf. F. <ets>infamie</ets>. See <er>Fame</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Total loss of reputation; public disgrace; dishonor; ignominy; indignity.</def>

<blockquote>The afflicted queen would not yield, and said she would not . . . submit to such <b>infamy</b>.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A quality which exposes to disgrace; extreme baseness or vileness; <as>as, the <ex>infamy</ex> of an action</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>That loss of character, or public disgrace, which a convict incurs, and by which he is at common law rendered incompetent as a witness.</def>

<-- Yesterday, Dec. 7, 1941 -- a day which will live in infamy, . . .
 [Roosevelt] -->

<h1>Infancy</h1>
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<hw>In"fan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infantia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>enfance</ets>. See <er>Infant</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or period of being an infant; the first part of life; early childhood.</def>

<blockquote>The babe yet lies in smiling <b>infancy</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their love in early <b>infancy</b> began.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The first age of anything; the beginning or early period of existence; <as>as, the <ex>infancy</ex> of an art</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>infancy</b> and the grandeur of Rome.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The state or condition of one under age, or under the age of twenty-one years; nonage; minority.</def>

<h1>Infandous</h1>
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<hw>In*fan"dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infandus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>fari</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>Too odious to be expressed or mentioned.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Infangthef</h1>
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<hw>In*fang"thef</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>in-fangen-pe\'a2f</ets>; <ets>in</ets> in, into + <ets>fangen</ets> taken (p. p. of <ets>f<?/n</ets> to take) + <ets>pe\'a2f</ets> thief.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The privilege granted to lords of certain manors to judge thieves taken within the seigniory of such lords.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Infant</h1>
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<hw>In"fant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infans</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not +<ets>fari</ets> to speak: cf. F. <ets>enfant</ets>, whence OE. <ets>enfaunt</ets>. See <er>Fame</er>, and cf. <er>Infante</er>, <er>Infanta</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A child in the first period of life, beginning at his birth; a young babe; sometimes, a child several years of age.</def>

<blockquote>And tender cries of <b>infants</b> pierce the ear.
<i>C. Pitt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person who is not of full age, or who has not attained the age of legal capacity; a person under the age of twenty-one years; a minor.</def>

<note>&hand; An infant under seven years of age is not penally responsible; between seven and fourteen years of age, he may be convicted of a malicious offense if malice be proved. He becomes of age on the day preceding his twenty-first birthday, previous to which time an infant has no capacity to contract.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Same as <er>Infante</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Infant</h1>
<Xpage=758>

<hw>In"fant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to infancy, or the first period of life; tender; not mature; <as>as, <ex>infant</ex> strength</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Intended for young children; <as>as, an <ex>infant</ex> school</as>.</def>

<h1>Infant</h1>
<Xpage=758>

<hw>In"fant</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>enfanter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To bear or bring forth, as a child; hence, to produce, in general.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This worthy motto, "No bishop, no king," is . . . <b>infanted</b> out of the same fears.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infanta</h1>
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<hw>In*fan"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. & Pg., fem. of <ets>infante</ets>. See <er>Infante</er>.]</ety> <def>A title borne by every one of the daughters of the kings of Spain and Portugal, except the eldest.</def>

<h1>Infante</h1>
<Xpage=758>

<hw>In*fan"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. & Pg. See <er>Infant</er>.]</ety> <def>A title given to every one of sons of the kings of Spain and Portugal, except the eldest or heir apparent.</def>

<h1>Infanthood</h1>
<Xpage=758>

<hw>In"fant*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Infancy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Infanticidal</h1>
<Xpage=758>

<hw>In*fan"ti*ci`dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to infanticide; engaged in, or guilty of, child murder.</def>

<h1>Infanticide</h1>
<Xpage=758>

<hw>In*fan"ti*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infanticidium</ets> child murder; <ets>infans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, child + <ets>caedere</ets> to kill: cf. F. <ets>infanticide</ets>. See <er>Infant</er>, and <er>Homicide</er>.]</ety> <def>The murder of an infant born alive; the murder or killing of a newly born or young child; child murder.</def>

<h1>Infanticide</h1>
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<hw>In*fan"ti*cide</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infanticida</ets>: cf. F. <ets>infanticide</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who commits the crime of infanticide; one who kills an infant.</def>

<h1>Infantile</h1>
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<hw>In"fan*tile</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infantilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>infantile</ets>. See <er>Infant</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to infancy, or to an infant; similar to, or characteristic of, an infant; childish; <as>as, <ex>infantile</ex> behavior</as>.</def>

<h1>Infantine</h1>
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<hw>In"fan*tine</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>enfantin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Infantile; childish.</def>

<blockquote>A degree of credulity next <b>infantine</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infantlike</h1>
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<hw>In"fant*like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like an infant.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Infantly</h1>
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<hw>In"fant*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like an infant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Infantry</h1>
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<hw>In"fan*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>infanterie</ets>, It. <ets>infanteria</ets>, fr. <ets>infante</ets> infant, child, boy servant, foot soldier, fr. L. <ets>infans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, child; foot soldiers being formerly the servants and followers of knights. See <er>Infant</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A body of children.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A body of soldiers serving on foot; foot soldiers, in distinction from <i>cavalry</i>.</def>

<h1>Infarce</h1>
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<hw>In*farce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infarcire</ets>: pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>farcire</ets>, <ets>fartum</ets> and <ets>farctum</ets>, to stuff, cram.]</ety> <def>To stuff; to swell.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The body is <b>infarced</b> with . . . watery humors.
<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infarction</h1>
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<hw>In*farc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Infarce</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of stuffing or filling; an overloading and obstruction of any organ or vessel of the body; constipation.</def>

<h1>Infare</h1>
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<hw>In"fare`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>inf\'91r</ets> entrance.]</ety> <def>A house-warming; especially, a reception, party, or entertainment given by a newly married couple, or by the husband upon receiving the wife to his house.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>infair</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Scot., & Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Infashionable</h1>
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<hw>In*fash"ion*a*ble</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unfashionable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Infatigable</h1>
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<hw>In*fat"i*ga*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infatigabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>infatigable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Indefatigable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Infatuate</h1>
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<hw>In*fat"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infatuatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>infatuare</ets> to infatuate; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>fatuus</ets> foolish. See <er>Fatuous</er>.]</ety> <def>Infatuated.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Infatuate</h1>
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<hw>In*fat"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Infatuated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Infatuating</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make foolish; to affect with folly; to weaken the intellectual powers of, or to deprive of sound judgment.</def>

<blockquote>The judgment of God will be very visible in <b>infatuating</b> a people . . . ripe and prepared for destruction.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inspire with a foolish and extravagant passion; <as>as, to be <ex>infatuated</ex> with gaming</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The people are . . . <b>infatuated</b> with the notion.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infatuated</h1>
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<hw>In*fat"u*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Overcome by some foolish passion or desire; affected by infatuation.</def>

<h1>Infatuation</h1>
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<hw>In*fat`u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>infatuatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>infatuation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of infatuating; the state of being infatuated; folly; that which infatuates.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>infatuations</b> of the sensual and frivolous part of mankind are amazing; but the <b>infatuations</b> of the learned and sophistical are incomparably more so.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Such is the <b>infatuation</b> of self-love.
<i>Blair.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infaust</h1>
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<hw>In*faust"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infaustus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>faustus</ets> fortunate, lucky.]</ety> <def>Not favorable; unlucky; unpropitious; sinister.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<h1>Infausting</h1>
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<hw>In*faust"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of making unlucky; misfortune; bad luck.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Infeasibility</h1>
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<hw>In*fea`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being infeasible; impracticability.</def>

<h1>Infeasible</h1>
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<hw>In*fea"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not capable of being done or accomplished; impracticable.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Infeasibleness</h1>
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<hw>In*fea"si*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of quality of being infeasible; infeasibility.</def>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Infect</h1>
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<hw>In*fect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infectus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>infect</ets>. See <er>Infect</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Infected. Cf. <er>Enfect</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Infect</h1>
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<hw>In*fect"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Infected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Infecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>infectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inficere</ets> to put or dip into, to stain, infect; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>facere</ets> to make; cf. F. <ets>infecter</ets>. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To taint with morbid matter or any pestilential or noxious substance or effluvium by which disease is produced; <as>as, to <ex>infect</ex> a lancet; to <ex>infect</ex> an apartment.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To affect with infectious disease; to communicate infection to; <as>as, <ex>infected</ex> with the plague</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Them that were left alive being <b>infected</b> with this disease.
<i>Sir T. North.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To communicate to or affect with, as qualities or emotions, esp. bad qualities; to corrupt; to contaminate; to taint by the communication of anything noxious or pernicious.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote><b>Infected</b> Ston's daughters with like heat.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To contaminate with illegality or to expo<?/<?/ to penalty.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To poison; vitiate; pollute; defile.</syn>

<h1>Infecter</h1>
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<hw>In*fect"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, infects.</def>

<h1>Infectible</h1>
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<hw>In*fect"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being infected.</def>

<h1>Infection</h1>
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<hw>In*fec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>infection</ets>, L. <ets>infectio</ets> a dyeing.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of infecting.</def>

<blockquote>There was a strict order against coming to those pits, and that was only to prevent <b>infection</b>.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which infects, or causes the communicated disease; any effluvium, miasm, or pestilential matter by which an infectious disease is caused.</def>

<blockquote>And that which was still worse, they that did thus break out spread the <b>infection</b> further by their wandering about with the distemper upon them.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of being infected; contamination by morbific particles; the result of infecting influence; a prevailing disease; epidemic.</def>

<blockquote>The danger was really very great, the <b>infection</b> being so very violent in London.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which taints or corrupts morally; <as>as, the <ex>infection</ex> of vicious principles</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It was her chance to light
Amidst the gross <b>infections</b> of those times.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Contamination by illegality, as in cases of contraband goods; implication.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Sympathetic communication of like qualities or emotions; influence.</def>

<blockquote>Through all her train the soft <b>infection</b> ran.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Mankind are gay or serious by <b>infection</b>.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Infection</er>, <er>Contagion</er>.</syn> <usage> -- <i>Infection</i> is often used in a definite and limited sense of the transmission of affections without direct contact of individuals or immediate application or introduction of the morbific agent, in contradistinction to <i>contagion</i>, which then implies transmission by direct contact. <i>Quain</i>. See <er>Contagious</er>.</usage>

<h1>Infectious</h1>
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<hw>In*fec"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>infectieux</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having qualities that may infect; communicable or caused by infection; pestilential; epidemic; <as>as, an <ex>infectious</ex> fever; <ex>infectious</ex> clothing; <ex>infectious</ex> air; <ex>infectious</ex> vices.</as></def>

<blockquote>Where the <b>infectious</b> pestilence.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Corrupting, or tending to corrupt or contaminate; vitiating; demoralizing.</def>

<blockquote>It [the court] is necessary for the polishing of manners . . . but it is <b>infectious</b> even to the best morals to live always in it.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Contaminating with illegality; exposing to seizure and forfeiture.</def>

<blockquote>Contraband articles are said to be of an <b>infectious</b> nature.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Capable of being easily diffused or spread; sympathetic; readily communicated; <as>as, <ex>infectious</ex> mirth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The laughter was so genuine as to be <b>infectious</b>.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Contagious</er>.</syn>

<h1>Infectiously</h1>
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<hw>In*fec"tious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an infectious manner.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Infectiousness</h1>
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<hw>In*fec"tious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being infectious.</def>

<h1>Infective</h1>
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<hw>In*fect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infectivus</ets> pertaining to dyeing.]</ety> <def>Infectious.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<blockquote>True love . . . hath an <b>infective</b> power.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infecund</h1>
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<hw>In*fec"und</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infecundus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inf\'82cond</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Fecund</er>.]</ety> <def>Unfruitful; not producing young; barren; infertile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Infecundity</h1>
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<hw>In`fe*cun"di*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infecunditas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inf\'82condit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of fecundity or fruitfulness; barrenness; sterility; unproductiveness.</def>

<h1>Infecundous</h1>
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<hw>In`fe*cun"dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Infecund</er>.]</ety> <def>Infertile; barren; unprofitable; unproductive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Infeeble</h1>
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<hw>In*fee"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Enfeeble</er>.</def>

<h1>Infelicitous</h1>
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<hw>In`fe*lic"i*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not felicitous; unhappy; unfortunate; not fortunate or appropriate in application; not well said, expressed, or done; <as>as, an <ex>infelicitous</ex> condition; an <ex>infelicitous</ex> remark; an <ex>infelicitous</ex> description; <ex>infelicitous</ex> words.</as></def>

<h1>Infelicity</h1>
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<hw>In`fe*lic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Infelicities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>infelicitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inf\'82licit\'82</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Felicity</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being infelicitous; unhappiness; misery; wretchedness; misfortune; want of suitableness or appropriateness.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<blockquote>Whatever is the ignorance and <b>infelicity</b> of the present state, we were made wise and happy.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That (as an act, word, expression, etc.) which is infelicitous; <as>as, <ex>infelicities</ex> of speech</as>.</def>

<h1>Infelonious</h1>
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<hw>In`fe*lo"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not felonious, malignant, or criminal.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Infelt</h1>
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<hw>In"felt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>felt</ets>.]</ety> <def>Felt inwardly; heartfelt.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The baron stood afar off, or knelt in submissive, acknowledged, <b>infelt</b> inferiority.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infeodation</h1>
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<hw>In`feo*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Infeudation</er>.</def>

<h1>Infeoff</h1>
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<hw>In*feoff"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Enfeoff</er>.</def>

<h1>Infeoffment</h1>
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<hw>In*feoff"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Enfeoffment</er>.</def>

<h1>Infer</h1>
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<hw>In*fer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inferred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inferring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>inferre</ets> to bring into, bring forward, occasion, infer; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>ferre</ets> to carry, bring: cf. F. <ets>inf\'82rer</ets>. See 1 st <er>Bear</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring on; to induce; to occasion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To offer, as violence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bring forward, or employ as an argument; to adduce; to allege; to offer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Full well hath Clifford played the orator,
<b>Inferring</b> arguments of mighty force.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To derive by deduction or by induction; to conclude or surmise from facts or premises; to accept or derive, as a consequence, conclusion, or probability; to imply; <as>as, I <ex>inferred</ex> his determination from his silence</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>infer</b> is nothing but by virtue of one proposition laid down as true, to draw in another as true.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Such opportunities always <b>infer</b> obligations.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To show; to manifest; to prove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The first part is not the proof of the second, but rather contrariwise, the second <b>inferreth</b> well the first.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This doth <b>infer</b> the zeal I had to see him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="759">
Page 759<p>

<h1>Inferable</h1>
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<hw>In*fer"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being inferred or deduced from premises.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>inferrible</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<blockquote>A sufficient argument . . . is <b>inferable</b> from these premises.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inference</h1>
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<hw>In"fer*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Infer</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of inferring by deduction or induction.</def>

<blockquote>Though it may chance to be right in the conclusions, it is yet unjust and mistaken in the method of <b>inference</b>.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which inferred; a truth or proposition drawn from another which is admitted or supposed to be true; a conclusion; a deduction.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>These <b>inferences</b>, or conclusions, are the effects of reasoning, and the three propositions, taken all together, are called syllogism, or argument.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Conclusion; deduction; consequence.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Inference</er>, <er>Conclusion</er>. An <i>inference</i> is literally that which is <i>brought in</i>; and hence, a deduction or induction from premises, -- something which follows as certainly or probably true. A <i>conclusion</i> is stronger than an <i>inference</i>; it <i>shuts us up</i> to the result, and terminates inquiry. We <i>infer</i> what is particular or probable; we <i>conclude</i> what is certain. In a chain of reasoning we have many <i>inferences</i>, which lead to the ultimate <i>conclusion</i>. "An <i>inference</i> is a proposition which is perceived to be true, because of its connection with some known fact." "When something is simply affirmed to be true, it is called a <i>proposition</i>; after it has been found to be true by several reasons or arguments, it is called a <i>conclusion</i>." <i>I. Taylor.</i></usage>

<h1>Inferential</h1>
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<hw>In`fer*en"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deduced or deducible by inference.</def> "<i>Inferential</i> proofs."

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Inferentially</h1>
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<hw>In`fer*en"tial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of inference.</def>

<h1>Inferi\'91</h1>
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<hw>In*fe"ri*\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>inferus</ets> underneath.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>Sacrifices offered to the souls of deceased heroes or friends.</def>

<h1>Inferior</h1>
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<hw>In*fe"ri*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L., compar. of <ets>inferus</ets> that is below, underneath, the lower; akin to E. <ets>under</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inf\'82rieur</ets>. See <er>Under</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Lower in place, rank, excellence, etc.; less important or valuable; subordinate; underneath; beneath.</def>

<blockquote>A thousand <b>inferior</b> and particular propositions.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The body, or, as some love to call it, our <b>inferior</b> nature.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whether they are equal or <b>inferior</b> to my other poems, an author is the most improper judge.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Poor or mediocre; <as>as, an <ex>inferior</ex> quality of goods</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Nearer the sun than the earth is; <as>as, the <ex>inferior</ex> or interior planets; an <ex>inferior</ex> conjunction of Mercury or Venus.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Below the horizon; as, the <i>inferior</i> part of a meridian,</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Situated below some other organ; -- said of a calyx when free from the ovary, and therefore below it, or of an ovary with an adherent and therefore inferior calyx.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>On the side of a flower which is next the bract; anterior.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Junior or subordinate in rank; <as>as, an <ex>inferior</ex> officer</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Inferior court</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a court subject to the jurisdiction of another court known as the <i>superior<i>, or <i>higher<i>, <i>court<i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Inferior letter</col>, <col>Inferior figure</col></mcol> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a small letter or figure standing at the bottom of the line (opposed to <contr>superior letter</contr> or <i>figure<i>), <as>as in A<subs>2</subs>, B<subs>n</subs>, 2 and <it>n<it> are <ex>inferior<ex> characters</as>.</cd> -- <col>Inferior tide</col>, <cd>the tide corresponding to the moon's transit of the meridian, when below the horizon.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inferior</h1>
<Xpage=759>

<hw>In*fe"ri*or</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person lower in station, rank, intellect, etc., than another.</def>

<blockquote>A great person gets more by obliging his <b>inferior</b> than by disdaining him.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inferiority</h1>
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<hw>In*fe`ri*or"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inf\'82riorit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being inferior; a lower state or condition; <as>as, <ex>inferiority</ex> of rank, of talents, of age, of worth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A deep sense of our own great <b>inferiority</b>.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inferiorly</h1>
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<hw>In*fe"ri*or*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inferior manner, or on the inferior part.</def>

<h1>Infernal</h1>
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<hw>In*fer"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>infernal</ets>, L. <ets>infernalis</ets>, fr. <ets>infernus</ets> that which lies beneath, the lower. See <er>Inferior</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to or suitable for the lower regions, inhabited, according to the ancients, by the dead; pertaining to Pluto's realm of the dead, the Tartarus of the ancients.</def>

<blockquote>The Elysian fields, the <b>infernal</b> monarchy.
<i>Garth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to, resembling, or inhabiting, hell; suitable for hell, or to the character of the inhabitants of hell; hellish; diabolical; <as>as, <ex>infernal</ex> spirits, or conduct</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The instruments or abettors in such <b>infernal</b> dealings.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Infernal machine</col>, <cd>a machine or apparatus maliciously designed to explode, and destroy life or property.</cd> -- <col>Infernal stone</col> <cd>(<i>lapis infernalis<i>), lunar caustic; formerly so called. The name was also applied to caustic potash.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Tartarean; Stygian; hellish; devilish; diabolical; satanic; fiendish; malicious.</syn>

<h1>Infernal</h1>
<Xpage=759>

<hw>In*fer"nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inhabitant of the infernal regions; also, the place itself.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Infernally</h1>
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<hw>In*fer"nal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an infernal manner; diabolically.</def> "<i>Infernally</i> false."

<i>Bp. Hacket.</i>

<h1>Inferobranchian</h1>
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<hw>In`fe*ro*bran"chi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Inferobranchiata.</def>

<h1>Inferobranchiata</h1>
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<hw>In`fe*ro*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Inferobranchiate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of marine gastropod mollusks, in which the gills are between the foot and the mantle.</def>

<h1>Inferobranchiate</h1>
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<hw>In`fe*ro*bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inferus</ets> lower + E. <ets>branchiate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the gills on the sides of the body, under the margin of the mantle; belonging to the Inferobranchiata.</def>

<h1>Inferrible</h1>
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<hw>In*fer"ri*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inferable.</def>

<h1>Infertile</h1>
<Xpage=759>

<hw>In*fer"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infertilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>infertile</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Fertile</er>.]</ety> <def>Not fertile; not productive; barren; sterile; <as>as, an <ex>infertile</ex> soil</as>.</def>

<h1>Infertilely</h1>
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<hw>In*fer"tile*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an infertile manner.</def>

<h1>Infertility</h1>
<Xpage=759>

<hw>In`fer*til"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infertilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>infertilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being infertile; unproductiveness; barrenness.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>infertility</b> or noxiousness of the soil.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infest</h1>
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<hw>In*fest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infestus</ets>. See <er>Infest</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Mischievous; hurtful; harassing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Infest</h1>
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<hw>In*fest"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Infested</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Infesting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>infestare</ets>, fr. <ets>infestus</ets> disturbed, hostile, troublesome; <ets>in</ets> in, against + the root of <ets>defendere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>infester</ets>. See <er>Defend</er>.]</ety> <def>To trouble greatly by numbers or by frequency of presence; to disturb; to annoy; to frequent and molest or harass; <as>as, fleas <ex>infest</ex> dogs and cats; a sea <ex>infested</ex> with pirates.</as></def>

<blockquote>To poison vermin that <b>infest</b> his plants.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These, said the genius, are envy, avarice, superstition, love, with the like cares and passions that <b>infest</b> human life.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And the cares, that <b>infest</b> the day,
Shall fold their tents, like the Arabs,
And as silently steal away.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infesttation</h1>
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<hw>In`fest*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infestatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>infestation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of infesting or state of being infested; molestation; vexation; annoyance.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Free from the <b>infestation</b> of enemies.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infester</h1>
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<hw>In*fest"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, infests.</def>

<h1>Infestive</h1>
<Xpage=759>

<hw>In*fest"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infestivus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Festive</er>.]</ety> <def>Having no mirth; not festive or merry; dull; cheerless; gloomy; forlorn.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Infestivity</h1>
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<hw>In`fes*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of festivity, cheerfulness, or mirth; dullness; cheerlessness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Infestuous</h1>
<Xpage=759>

<hw>In*fes"tu*ous</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infestus</ets>. See <er>Infest</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Mischievous; harmful; dangerous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Infestuous</i> as serpents."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Infeudation</h1>
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<hw>In`feu*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>infeudatio</ets>, fr. <ets>infeudare</ets> to enfeoff: cf. F. <ets>inf\'82odation</ets>. See <er>Feud</er> a fief.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act of putting one in possession of an estate in fee.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The granting of tithes to laymen.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Infibulation</h1>
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<hw>In*fib`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infibulare</ets>, <ets>infibulatum</ets>, to clasp, buckle, or button together; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>fibula</ets> clasp, buckle: cf. F. <ets>infibulation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of clasping, or fastening, as with a buckle or padlock.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of attaching a ring, clasp, or frame, to the genital organs in such a manner as to prevent copulation.</def>

<h1>Infidel</h1>
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<hw>In"fi*del</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infidelis</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>fidelis</ets> faithful, fr. <ets>fides</ets> faith: cf. F. <ets>infid\'8ale</ets>. See <er>Fidelity</er>.]</ety> <def>Not holding the faith; -- applied esp. to one who does not believe in the inspiration of the Scriptures, and the supernatural origin of Christianity.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>infidel</b> writer is a great enemy to society.
<i>V. Knox.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infidel</h1>
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<hw>In"fi*del</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who does not believe in the prevailing religious faith; especially, one who does not believe in the divine origin and authority of Christianity; a Mohammedan; a heathen; a freethinker.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Infidel</i> is used by English writers to translate the equivalent word used Mohammedans in speaking of Christians and other disbelievers in Mohammedanism.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Infidel</er>, <er>Unbeliever</er>, <er>Freethinker</er>, <er>Deist</er>, <er>Atheist</er>, <er>Sceptic</er>, <er>Agnostic</er>.</syn> <usage> An <i>infidel</i>, in common usage, is one who denies Christianity and the truth of the Scriptures. Some have endeavored to widen the sense of <i>infidel</i> so as to embrace atheism and every form of unbelief; but this use does not generally prevail. A <i>freethinker</i> is now only another name for an <i>infidel</i>. An <i>unbeliever</i> is not necessarily a <i>dis</i>believer or infidel, because he may still be inquiring after evidence to satisfy his mind; the word, however, is more commonly used in the extreme sense. A <i>deist</i> believes in one God and a divine providence, but rejects revelation. An <i>atheist</i> denies the being of God. A <i>sceptic</i> is one whose faith in the <i>credibility of evidence</i> is weakened or destroyed, so that religion, to the same extent, has no practical hold on his mind. An <i>agnostic</i> remains in a state of suspended judgment, neither affirming nor denying the existence of a personal Deity.</usage>

<h1>Infidelity</h1>
<Xpage=759>

<hw>In`fi*del"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Infidelities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>infidelitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>infid\'82lit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of faith or belief in some religious system; especially, a want of faith in, or disbelief of, the inspiration of the Scriptures, of the divine origin of Christianity.</def>

<blockquote>There is, indeed, no doubt but that vanity is one of the principal causes of <b>infidelity</b>.
<i>V. Knox.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unfaithfulness to the marriage vow or contract; violation of the marriage covenant by adultery.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Breach of trust; unfaithfulness to a charge, or to moral obligation; treachery; deceit; <as>as, the <ex>infidelity</ex> of a servant</as>.</def> "The <i>infidelity</i> of friends."

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Infield</h1>
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<hw>In*field"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inclose, as a field.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Infield</h1>
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<hw>In"field`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Arable and manured land kept continually under crop; -- distinguished from <i>outfield</i>.</def> <mark>[Scotland]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>The diamond; -- opposed to <i>outfield</i>. See <er>Diamond</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</def>

<h1>Infile</h1>
<Xpage=759>

<hw>In*file"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To arrange in a file or rank; to place in order.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Infilm</h1>
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<hw>In*film"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with a film; to coat thinly; <as>as, to <ex>infilm</ex> one metal with another in the process of gilding; to <ex>infilm</ex> the glass of a mirror.</as></def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Infilter</h1>
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<hw>In*fil"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Infiltered</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Infiltering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Infiltrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To filter or sift in.</def>

<h1>Infiltrate</h1>
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<hw>In*fil"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Infiltrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Infiltrating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> + <ets>filtrate</ets>: cf. F, <ets>s'infiltrer</ets>. Cf. <er>Infilter</er>.]</ety> <def>To enter by penetrating the pores or interstices of a substance; to filter into or through something.</def>

<blockquote>The water <b>infiltrates</b> through the porous rock.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infiltrate</h1>
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<hw>In*fil"trate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To penetrate gradually; -- sometimes used reflexively.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Infiltration</h1>
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<hw>In`fil*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>infiltration</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of infiltrating, as if water into a porous substance, or of a fluid into the cells of an organ or part of the body.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The substance which has entered the pores or cavities of a body.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>Calcareous <b>infiltrations</b> filling the cavities.
<i>Kirwan.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fatty infiltration</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Fatty</er>.</cd> -- <col>Infiltration gallery</col>, <cd>a filter gallery.</cd></cs>

<h1>Infiltrative</h1>
<Xpage=759>

<hw>In*fil"tra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to infiltration.</def>

<i>Kane.</i>

<h1>Infinite</h1>
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<hw>In"fi*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infinitus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>infini</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Finite</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Unlimited or boundless, in time or space; <as>as, <ex>infinite</ex> duration or distance</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whatever is finite, as finite, will admit of no comparative relation with infinity; for whatever is less than <b>infinite</b> is still infinitely distant from infinity; and lower than <b>infinite</b> distance the lowest or least can not sink.
<i>H. Brooke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without limit in power, capacity, knowledge, or excellence; boundless; immeasurably or inconceivably great; perfect; <as>as, the <ex>infinite</ex> wisdom and goodness of God</as>; -- opposed to <i>finite</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Great is our Lord, and of great power; his understanding is <b>infinite</b>.
<i>Ps. cxlvii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O God, how <b>infinite</b> thou art!
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Indefinitely large or extensive; great; vast; immense; gigantic; prodigious.</def>

<blockquote><b>Infinite</b> riches in a little room.
<i>Marlowe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Which <b>infinite</b> calamity shall cause
To human life.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Greater than any assignable quantity of the same kind; -- said of certain quantities.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Capable of endless repetition; -- said of certain forms of the canon, called also <altname>perpetual fugues</altname>, so constructed that their ends lead to their beginnings, and the performance may be incessantly repeated.</def>

<i>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Boundless; immeasurable; illimitable; interminable; limitless; unlimited; endless; eternal.</syn>

<h1>Infinite</h1>
<Xpage=759>

<hw>In"fi*nite</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is infinite; boundless space or duration; infinity; boundlessness.</def>

<blockquote>Not till the weight is heaved from off the air, and the thunders roll down the horizon, will the serene light of God flow upon us, and the blue <b>infinite</b> embrace us again.
<i>J. Martineau.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An infinite quantity or magnitude.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An infinity; an incalculable or very great number.</def>

<blockquote>Glittering chains, embroidered richly o'er
With <b>infinite</b> of pearls and finest gold.
<i>Fanshawe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The Infinite Being; God; the Almighty.</def>

<h1>Infinitely</h1>
<Xpage=759>

<hw>In"fi*nite*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without bounds or limits; beyond or below assignable limits; <as>as, an <ex>infinitely</ex> large or <ex>infinitely</ex> small quantity</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Very; exceedingly; vastly; highly; extremely.</def> "<i>Infinitely</i> pleased."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Infiniteness</h1>
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<hw>In"fi*nite*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being infinite; infinity; greatness; immensity.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Infinitesimal</h1>
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<hw>In`fin*i*tes"i*mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>infinit\'82simal</ets>, fr. <ets>infinit\'82sime</ets> infinitely small, fr. L. <ets>infinitus</ets>. See <er>Infinite</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Infinitely or indefinitely small; less than any assignable quantity or value; very small.</def>

<cs><col>Infinitesimal calculus</col>, <cd>the different and the integral calculus, when developed according to the method used by Leibnitz, who regarded the increments given to variables as infinitesimal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Infinitesimal</h1>
<Xpage=759>

<hw>In`fin*i*tes"i*mal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An infinitely small quantity; that which is less than any assignable quantity.</def>

<h1>Infinitesimally</h1>
<Xpage=759>

<hw>In`fin*i*tes"i*mal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By infinitesimals; in infinitely small quantities; in an infinitesimal degree.</def>

<h1>Infinitival</h1>
<Xpage=759>

<hw>In*fin`i*ti"val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the infinite mood.</def> "<i>Infinitival</i> stems."

<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i>

<h1>Infinitive</h1>
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<hw>In*fin"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infinitivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>infinitif</ets>. See <er>Infinite</er>.]</ety> <def>Unlimited; not bounded or restricted; undefined.</def>

<cs><col>Infinitive mood</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>that form of the verb which merely names the action, and performs the office of a verbal noun. Some grammarians make two forms in English: (<stype>a<stype>) The simple form, as, <i>speak<i>, <i>go<i>, <i>hear<i>, before which <i>to<i> is commonly placed, as, <i>to speak<i>; <i>to go<i>; <i>to hear<i>. (<stype>b</stype>) The form of the imperfect participle, called the infinitive in <i>-ing<i>; as, <i>going<i> is as easy as <i>standing<i>.</cd></cs>

<note>With the auxiliary verbs <i>may</i>, <i>can</i>, <i>must</i>, <i>might</i>, <i>could</i>, <i>would</i>, and <i>should</i>, the simple infinitive is expressed without <i>to</i>; as, you <i>may speak</i>; they <i>must hear</i>, etc. The infinitive usually omits <i>to</i> with the verbs <i>let</i>, <i>dare</i>, <i>do</i>, <i>bid</i>, <i>make</i>, <i>see</i>, <i>hear</i>, <i>need</i>, etc.; as, let me <i>go</i>; you dare not <i>tell</i>; make him <i>work</i>; hear him <i>talk</i>, etc.</note>

<note>&hand; In Anglo-Saxon, the simple infinitive was not preceded by <i>to</i> (the sign of modern simple infinitive), but it had a dative form (sometimes called the gerundial infinitive) which was preceded by <i>to</i>, and was chiefly employed in expressing purpose. See <er>Gerund</er>, 2.</note>

<note>The gerundial ending (-<i>anne</i>) not only took the same form as the simple infinitive (-<i>an</i>), but it was confounded with the present participle in -<i>ende</i>, or -<i>inde</i> (later -<i>inge</i>).</note>

<h1>Infinitive</h1>
<Xpage=759>

<hw>In*fin"i*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>An infinitive form of the verb; a verb in the infinitive mood; the infinitive mood.</def>

<h1>Infinitive</h1>
<Xpage=759>

<hw>In*fin"i*tive</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>In the manner of an infinitive mood.</def>

<h1>Infinito</h1>
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<hw>In`fi*ni"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Infinite; perpetual, as a canon whose end leads back to the beginning. See <er>Infinite</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 5.</def>

<h1>Infinitude</h1>
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<hw>In*fin"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being infinite, or without limits; infiniteness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Infinite extent; unlimited space; immensity; infinity.</def> "I am who fill <i>infinitude</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>As pleasing to the fancy, as speculations of eternity or <b>infinitude</b> are to the understanding.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Boundless number; countless multitude.</def> "An <i>infinitude</i> of distinctions."

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Infinituple</h1>
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<hw>In*fin"i*tu`ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Quadruple</er>.]</ety> <def>Multipied an infinite number of times.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Wollaston.</i>

<h1>Infinity</h1>
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<hw>In*fin"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Infinities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>infinitas</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>finis</ets> boundary, limit, end: cf. F. <ets>infinit\'82</ets>. See <er>Finite</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Unlimited extent of time, space, or quantity; eternity; boundlessness; immensity.</def>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<blockquote>There can not be more <b>infinities</b> than one; for one of them would limit the other.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>
<-- now known to be false! -- See aleph null, etc.-->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unlimited capacity, energy, excellence, or knowledge; <as>as, the <ex>infinity</ex> of God and his perfections</as>.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Endless or indefinite number; great multitude; as an <i>infinity</i> of beauties.</def>

<i>Broome.</i>

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<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A quantity greater than any assignable quantity of the same kind.</def>

<note>&hand; Mathematically considered, infinity is always a limit of a variable quantity, resulting from a particular supposition made upon the varying element which enters it.</note>

<i>Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ).</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>That part of a line, or of a plane, or of space, which is infinitely distant. In modern geometry, parallel lines or planes are sometimes treated as lines or planes meeting at infinity.</def>

<cs><col>Circle at infinity</col>, <cd>an imaginary circle at infinity, through which, in geometry of three dimensions, every sphere is imagined to pass.</cd> -- <col>Circular points at infinity</col>. <cd>See under <er>Circular</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Infirm</h1>
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<hw>In*firm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>infirmus</ets>: cf.F.<ets>infirme</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Firm</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not firm or sound; weak; feeble; <as>as, an <ex>infirm</ex> body; an <ex>infirm</ex> constitution.</as></def>

<blockquote>A poor, <b>infirm</b>, weak, and despised old man.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Weak of mind or will; irresolute; vacillating.</def> "An <i>infirm</i> judgment."

<i>Burke.</i>

<blockquote><b>Infirm</b> of purpose!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not solid or stable; insecure; precarious.</def>

<blockquote>He who fixes on false principles treads or <b>infirm</b> ground.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Debilitated; sickly; feeble; decrepit; weak; enfeebled; irresolute; vacillating; imbecile.</syn>

<h1>Infirm</h1>
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<hw>In*firm"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infirmare</ets> :  cf. F.<ets>infirmer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To weaken; to enfeeble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Infirmarian</h1>
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<hw>In`fir*ma"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person dwelling in, or having charge of, an infirmary, esp. in a monastic institution.</def>

<h1>Infirmary</h1>
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<hw>In*firm"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Infirmaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>fermerie</ets>, OF. <ets>enfermerie</ets>, F. <ets>infirmerie</ets>, LL. <ets>infirmaria</ets>. See <er>Infirm</er>.]</ety> <def>A hospital, or place where the infirm or sick are lodged and nursed gratuitously, or where out-patients are treated.</def>

<h1>Infirmative</h1>
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<hw>In*firm"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>infirmatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Weakening; annulling, or tending to make void.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Infirmatory</h1>
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<hw>In*firm"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An infirmary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Infirmity</h1>
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<hw>In*firm"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Infirmities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>infirmitas</ets> : cf. F. <ets>infirmite</ets>. See <er>Infirm</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being infirm; feebleness; an imperfection or weakness; esp., an unsound, unhealthy, or debilitated state; a disease; a malady; <as>as, <ex>infirmity</ex> of body or mind</as>.</def>

<blockquote>'T is the <b>infirmity</b> of his age.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A personal frailty or failing; foible; eccentricity; a weakness or defect.</def>

<blockquote>Will you be cured of your <b>infirmity</b> ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A friend should bear his friend's <b>infirmities</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The house has also its <b>infirmities</b>.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Debility; imbecility; weakness; feebleness; failing; foible; defect; disease; malady. See <er>Debility</er>.</syn>

<h1>Infirmly</h1>
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<hw>In*firm"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an infirm manner.</def>

<h1>Infirmness</h1>
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<hw>In*firm"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Infirmity; feebleness.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Infix</h1>
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<hw>In*fix"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Infixed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Infixing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>infixus</ets>, p.p of <ets>infigere</ets> to infix; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>figere</ets> to fix: cf. F. <ets>infixer</ets>. See <er>Fix</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set; to fasten or fix by piercing or thrusting in; <as>as, to <ex>infix</ex> a sting, spear, or dart</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The fatal dart a ready passage found,
And deep within her heart <b>infixed</b> the wound.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To implant or fix; to instill; to inculcate, as principles, thoughts, or instructions; <as>as, to <ex>infix</ex> good principles in the mind, or ideas in the memory</as>.</def>

<h1>Infix</h1>
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<hw>In"fix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something infixed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Welsford.</i>

<h1>Inflame</h1>
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<hw>In*flame"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inflamed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inflaming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>enflamen</ets>, OF. <ets>enflamer</ets>, F. <ets>enflammer</ets>, L. <ets>inflammare</ets>,<ets>inflammatum</ets>; pref.<ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>flammare</ets> to flame, fr.<ets>flamma</ets> flame. See <er>Flame</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set on fire; to kindle; to cause to burn, flame, or glow.</def>

<blockquote>We should have made retreat
By light of the <b>inflamed</b> fleet.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To kindle or intensify, as passion or appetite; to excite to an excessive or unnatural action or heat; <as>as, to <ex>inflame</ex> desire</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Though more,it seems,
<b>Inflamed</b> with lust than rage.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But, O <b>inflame</b> and fire our hearts.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To provoke to anger or rage; to exasperate; to irritate; to incense; to enrage.</def>

<blockquote>It will <b>inflame</b> you; it will make you mad.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To put in a state of inflammation; to produce morbid heat, congestion, or swelling, of; <as>as, to <ex>inflame</ex> the eyes by overwork</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To exaggerate; to enlarge upon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote> A friend exaggerates a man's virtues, an enemy <b>inflames</b> his crimes.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To provoke; fire; kindle; irritate; exasperate; incense; enrage; anger; excite; arouse.</syn>

<h1>Inflame</h1>
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<hw>In*flame"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow morbidly hot, congested, or painful; to become angry or incensed.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Inflamed</h1>
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<hw>In*flamed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Set on fire; enkindled; heated; congested; provoked; exasperated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Represented as burning, or as adorned with tongues of flame.</def>

<h1>Inflamer</h1>
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<hw>In*flam"er</hw> <tt>(?n-fl\'bem\'b6?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The person or thing that inflames.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Inflammabillty</h1>
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<hw>In*flam"ma*bil"l*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>inflammabilite</ets>.]</ety> <def>Susceptibility of taking fire readily; the state or quality of being inflammable.</def>

<h1>Inflammable</h1>
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<hw>In*flam"ma*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>inflammable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being easily set fire; easily enkindled; combustible; <as>as, <ex>inflammable</ex> oils or spirits</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Excitable; irritable; irascible; easily provoked; <as>as, an <ex>inflammable</ex> temper</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Inflammable air</col>, <cd>the old chemical name for hydrogen.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inflammableness</h1>
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<hw>In*flam"ma*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being inflammable; inflammability.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Inflammbly</h1>
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<hw>In*flam"mbly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inflammable manner.</def>

<h1>Inflammation</h1>
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<hw>In*flam*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inflammatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inflammation</ets>. See <er>Inflame</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inflaming, kindling, or setting on fire; also, the state of being inflamed.</def> "The <i>inflammation</i> of fat."

<i>Wilkins.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid condition of any part of the body, consisting in congestion of the blood vessels, with obstruction of the blood current, and growth of morbid tissue. It is manifested outwardly by redness and swelling, attended with heat and pain.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Violent excitement; heat; passion; animosity; turbulence; <as>as, an <ex>inflammation</ex> of the mind, of the body politic, or of parties</as>.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Inflammative</h1>
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<hw>In*flam"ma*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inflammatory.</def>

<h1>Inflammatory</h1>
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<hw>In*flam"ma*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inflammatoire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tending to inflame, kindle, or irritate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tending to excite anger, animosity, tumult, or sedition; seditious; <as>as, <ex>inflammatory</ex> libels, writings, speeches, or publications</as>.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Accompanied with, or tending to cause, preternatural heat and excitement of arterial action; <as>as, an <ex>inflammatory</ex> disease</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Inflammatory crust</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Buffy coat</cref>, under <er>Buffy</er>.</cd> -- <col>Inflammatory fever</col>, <cd>a variety of fever due to inflammation.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inflatable</h1>
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<hw>In*flat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be inflated.</def>

<h1>Inflate</h1>
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<hw>In*flate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inflatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>inflare</ets> to inflate; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>flare</ets> to blow. See <er>Blow</er> to puff wind.]</ety> <def>Blown in; inflated.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Inflate</h1>
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<hw>In*flate"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inflated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inflating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To swell or distend with air or gas; to dilate; to expand; to enlarge; <as>as, to <ex>inflate</ex> a bladder; to <ex>inflate</ex> the lungs.</as></def>

<blockquote>When passion's tumults in the bosom rise,
<b>Inflate</b> the features, and enrage the eyes.
<i>J. Scott of Amwell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To swell; to puff up; to elate; <as>as, to <ex>inflate</ex> one with pride or vanity</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Inflate</b> themselves with some insane delight.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to become unduly expanded or increased; <as>as, to <ex>inflate</ex> the currency</as>.</def>

<h1>Inflate</h1>
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<hw>In*flate"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To expand; to fill; to distend.</def>

<h1>Inflated</h1>
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<hw>In*flat"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Filled, as with air or gas; blown up; distended; <as>as, a balloon <ex>inflated</ex> with gas</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Turgid; swelling; puffed up; bombastic; pompous; <as>as, an <ex>inflated</ex> style</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Inflated</b> and astrut with self-conceit.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Hollow and distended, as a perianth, corolla, nectary, or pericarp.</def>

<i>Martyn.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Distended or enlarged fictitiously; <as>as, <ex>inflated</ex> prices, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Inflater</h1>
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<hw>In*flat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, inflates; <as>as, the <ex>inflaters</ex> of the stock exchange</as>.</def>

<h1>Inflatingly</h1>
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<hw>In*flat"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner tending to inflate.</def>

<h1>Inflation</h1>
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<hw>In*fla"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inflatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inflation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of inflating, or the state of being inflated, as with air or gas; distention; expansion; enlargement.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being puffed up, as with pride; conceit; vanity.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Undue expansion or increase, from overissue; -- said of currency.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Inflationist</h1>
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<hw>In*fla"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who favors an increased or very large issue of paper money.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Inflatus</h1>
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<hw>In*fla"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Inflate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A blowing or breathing into; inflation; inspiration.</def>

<blockquote>The divine breath that blows the nostrils out
To ineffable <b>inflatus</b>.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inflect</h1>
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<hw>In*flect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inflected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inflecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>inflectere</ets>, <ets>inflexum</ets>; pref. <ets>in</ets>.- in + <ets>flectere</ets> to bend. See <er>Flexibl</er>, and cf. <er>Inflex</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To turn from a direct line or course; to bend; to incline, to deflect; to curve; to bow.</def>

<blockquote>Are they [the rays of the sun] not reflected, refracted, and <b>inflected</b> by one and the same principle ?
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To vary, as a noun or a verb in its terminations; to decline, as a noun or adjective, or to conjugate, as a verb.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To modulate, as the voice.</def>

<h1>Inflected</h1>
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<hw>In*flect"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bent; turned; deflected.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Having inflections; capable of, or subject to, inflection; inflective.</def>

<cs><col>Inflected cycloid</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a prolate cycloid. See <er>Cycloid</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inflection</h1>
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<hw>In*flec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inflexio</ets> : cf. F. <ets>inflexion</ets>. See <er>Inflect</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>inflecxion</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inflecting, or the state of being inflected.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bend; a fold; a curve; a turn; a twist.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A slide, modulation, or accent of the voice; <as>as, the rising and the falling <ex>inflection</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The variation or change which words undergo to mark case, gender, number, comparison, tense, person, mood, voice, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any change or modification in the pitch or tone of the voice.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A departure from the monotone, or reciting note, in chanting.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Diffraction</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Point of inflection</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the point on opposite sides of which a curve bends in contrary ways.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inflectional</h1>
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<hw>In*flec"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to inflection; having, or characterized by, inflection.</def>

<i>Max M\'81ller.</i>

<h1>Inflective</h1>
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<hw>In*flect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of, or pertaining to, inflection; deflecting; <as>as, the <ex>inflective</ex> quality of the air</as>.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Inflectional; characterized by variation, or change in form, to mark case, tense, etc.; subject to inflection.</def>

<cs><col>Inflective language</col> <fld>(Philol.)</fld>, <cd>a language like the Greek or Latin, consisting largely of stems with variable terminations or suffixes which were once independent words. English is both agglutinative, as, <i>manlike<i>, <i>headache<i>, and inflective, as, <i>he<i>, <i>his<i>, <i>him<i>. Cf. <er>Agglutinative</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inflesh</h1>
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<hw>In*flesh"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To incarnate.</def>

<h1>Inflex</h1>
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<hw>In*flex"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Flex</er>, <er>Inflect</er>.]</ety> <def>To bend; to cause to become curved; to make crooked; to deflect.</def>

<i>J. Philips.</i>

<h1>Inflexed</h1>
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<hw>In*flexed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Turned; bent.</def>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bent or turned abruptly inwards, or toward the axis, as the petals of a flower.</def>

<h1>Inflexibility</h1>
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<hw>In*flex"i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inflexibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being inflexible, or not capable of being bent or changed; unyielding stiffness; inflexibleness; rigidity; firmness of will or purpose; unbending pertinacity; steadfastness; resoluteness; unchangeableness; obstinacy.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>inflexibility</b> of mechanism.
<i>A. Baxter.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That grave <b>inflexibility</b> of soul.
<i>Churchill.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The purity and <b>inflexibility</b> of their faith.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inflexible</h1>
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<hw>In*flex"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inflexiblis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inflexible</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Flexible</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not capable of being bent; stiff; rigid; firm; unyielding.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Firm in will or purpose; not to be turned, changed, or altered; resolute; determined; unyieding; inexorable; stubborn.</def>

<blockquote>"<b>Inflexible</b>as steel."
<i>Miltom.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Amanof upright and <b>inflexible</b>temper . . . can overcome all private fear.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Incapable of change; unalterable; immutable.</def>

<blockquote>The nature of things is <b>inflexible</b>.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- -- Unbending; unyielding; rigid; inexorable; pertinacious; obstinate; stubborn; unrelenting.</syn>

<h1>Inflexibleness</h1>
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<hw>In*flex"i*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being inflexible; inflexibility; rigidity; firmness.</def>

<h1>Inflexibly</h1>
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<hw>In*flex"i*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inflexible manner.</def>

<h1>Inflexion</h1>
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<hw>In*flex"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inflection.</def>

<h1>Inflexive</h1>
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<hw>In*flex"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inflective.</def>

<blockquote>"<b>Inflexive</b> endings."
<i>W. E. Jelf.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inflexible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  "Foes <i>inflexive</i>."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Inflexure</h1>
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<hw>In*flex"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inflection; a bend or fold.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Inflict</h1>
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<hw>In*flict"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inflicted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inflicting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>inflictus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>infligere</ets> to strike on, to inflict; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in, on + <ets>fligere</ets> to strike. Cf. <er>Flail</er>.]</ety> <def>To give, cause, or produce by striking, or as if by striking; to apply forcibly; to lay or impose; to send; to cause to bear, feel, or suffer; <as>as, to <ex>inflict</ex> blows; to <ex>inflict</ex> a wound with a dagger; to <ex>inflict</ex> severe pain by ingratitude; to <ex>inflict</ex> punishment on an offender; to <ex>inflict</ex> the penalty of death on a criminal.</as></def>

<blockquote>What heart could wish, what hand <b>inflict</b>, this dire disgrace?
<i>Drygen.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The persecution and the pain
That man <b>inflicts</b> on infero-ior kinds.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inflicter</h1>
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<hw>In*flict"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who inflicts.</def>

<blockquote> Godis the sole and immadiate <b>inflicter</b> of such strokes.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infliction</h1>
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<hw>In*flic"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inflictio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>infliction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inflicting or imposing; <as>as, the <ex>infliction</ex> of torment, or of punishment</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is inflicted or imposed, as punishment, disgrace, calamity, etc.</def>

<blockquote>His severest <b>inflictions</b> are in themselves acts of justice and righteousness.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inflictive</h1>
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<hw>In*flict"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>inflictif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing infliction; acting as an infliction.</def>

<i>Whitehead.</i>

<h1>Inflorescence</h1>
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<hw>In`flo*res"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inflorescens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>inflorescere</ets> to begin to blossom; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>florescere</ets> to begin to blossom: cf.F. <ets>inflorescence</ets>. See <er>Florescent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A flowering; the putting forth and unfolding of blossoms.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The mode of flowering, or the general arrangement and disposition of the flowers with reference to the axis, and to each other.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An axis on which all the flower buds.</def>

<blockquote><b>Inflorescence</b> affords an excellent characteristic mark in distinguishing the species of plants.
<i>Milne.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Centrifugal inflorescence</col>, <cd>determinate inflorescence.</cd> -- <col>Centripetal inflorescence</col>, <cd>indeterminate inflorescence. See under <er>Determinate</er>, and <er>Indeterminate</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inflow</h1>
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<hw>In*flow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To flow in.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Influence</h1>
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<hw>In"flu*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>influence</ets>, fr. L. <ets>influens</ets>, -<ets>entis</ets>, p.pr. See <er>Influent</er>, and cf. <er>Influenza</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A flowing in or upon; influx.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>God hath his <b>influence</b> into the very essence of all things.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, in general, the bringing about of an effect, phusical or moral, by a gradual process; controlling power quietly exerted; agency, force, or tendency of any kind which the sun exerts on animal and vegetable life; the <i>influence</i> of education on the mind; the <i>influence</i>, according to astrologers,of the stars over affairs.</def>

<blockquote>Astrologers call the evil <b>influences</b> of the stars,evil aspects.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cantsthou bind the sweet <b>influences</b> of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion ?
<i>Job xxxviii. 31.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She said : <?/Ah,dearest lord ! what evil star
On you hath frown'd,and poured, his <b>influence</b> bad ?"
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Power or authority arising from elevated station, excelence of character or intellect, wealth, etc.; reputation; acknowledged ascendency; <as>as, he is a man of <ex>influence</ex> in the community</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Such <b>influence</b> hath your excellency.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>Induction.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Control; persuasion; ascendency; sway; power; authority; supremacy; mastery; management; restraint; character; reputation; prestige.</syn>

<h1>Influence</h1>
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<hw>In"flu*ence</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Influenced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Influencing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To control or move by power, physical or moral; to affect by gentle action; to exert an influence upon; to modify, bias, or sway; to move; to persuade; to induce.</def>

<blockquote>Theseexperiments succeed after the same manner in vacuo as in the open air,and therefore are not <b>influenced</b> by the weight or pressure of the atmosphere.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This standing revelation . . . is sufficient to <b>influence</b> their faith and practice, if they attend.
<i>Attebury.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The principle which <b>influenced</b> their obedience has lost its efficacy.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="761">
Page 761<p>

<h1>Influencer</h1>
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<hw>In"flu*en*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, influences.</def>

<h1>Influencive</h1>
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<hw>In"flu*en*cive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending toinfluence; influential.</def>

<h1>Influent</h1>
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<hw>In"flu*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>influens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>influere</ets>, <ets>influxum</ets>, to flow in; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>fluere</ets> to flow. See <er>Fluid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Flowing in.</def> "With <i>influent</i> tide." <i>Cowper</i>. "<i>Influent</i> odors." <i>Mrs. Browning</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exerting influence; influential.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I find no office by name assigned unto Dr.Cox, who was virtually <b>influent</b> upon all, and most active.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inflential</h1>
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<hw>In`flen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Influence</er>.]</ety> <def>Exerting or possessing influence or power; potent; efficacious; effective; strong; having authority or ascendency; <as>as, an <ex>influential</ex> man, station, argument, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>A very <b>influential</b> Gascon prefix.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Influentially</h1>
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<hw>In`flu*en"tial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an influential manner.</def>

<h1>Influenza</h1>
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<hw>In`flu*en"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>influenza</ets> influence, an epidemic formerly attributed by astrologers to the influence of the heavenly bodies, influenza. See <er>Influence</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An epidemic affection characterized by acute nasal catarrh, or by inflammation of the throat or the bronchi, and usually accompanied by fever.</def>

<h1>Influx</h1>
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<hw>In"flux`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>influxus</ets>, fr. <ets>influere</ets>, <ets>influxum</ets>, to flow in: cf. F. <ets>influx</ets>. See <er>Influent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of flowing in; <as>as, an <ex>influx</ex> of light</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A coming in; infusion; intromission; introduction; importation in abundance; also, that which flows or comes in; <as>as, a great <ex>influx</ex> of goods into a country, or an <ex>influx</ex> of gold and silver</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>influx</b> of food into the Celtic region, however, was far from keeping pace with the <b>influx</b> of consumers.
<i>Macaulau.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The general <b>influx</b> of Greek into modern languages.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Influence; power.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Influxion</h1>
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<hw>In*flux"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>influxio</ets> : cf. F. <ets>influxion</ets>.]</ety> <def>A flowing in; infusion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Influxious</h1>
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<hw>In*flux"ious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Influential.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Influxive</h1>
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<hw>In*flux"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a tendency to flow in; having influence; influential.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Holdsworth.</i>

<h1>Influxively</h1>
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<hw>In*flux"ive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By influxion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Infold</h1>
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<hw>In*fold"</hw> <tt>(?n-f?ld\'b6)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Infolded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Infolding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>fold</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>enfold</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wrap up or cover with folds; to envelop; to inwrap; to inclose; to involve.</def>

<blockquote>Gilded tombs do worms <b>infold</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Infold</b> his limbs in bands.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To clasp with the arms; to embrace.</def>

<blockquote>Noble Banquo, . . . let me <b>infold</b> thee,
And hold thee to my heart.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infoldment</h1>
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<hw>In*fold"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of infolding; the state of being infolded.</def>

<h1>Infoliate</h1>
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<hw>In*fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + L. <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <def>To cover or overspread with, or as with, leaves.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Inform</h1>
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<hw>In*form"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>informis</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>forma</ets> form, shape: cf. F. <ets>informe</ets>]</ety> <def>Without regular form; shapeless; ugly; deformed.</def>

<i>Cotton.</i>

<h1>Inform</h1>
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<hw>In*form"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>   <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Informed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Informing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>enformen</ets>, OF. <ets>enformer</ets>, F. <ets>informer</ets>. L. <ets>informare</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>formare</ets> to form, share, fr. <ets>forma</ets> form. See <er>Form</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give form or share to; to give vital ororganizing power to; to give life to; to imbue and actuate with vitality; to animate; to mold; to figure; to fashion.</def>

<blockquote>"The <b>informing</b> Word."
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let others better mold the running mass
Of metals, and <b>inform</b> the breathing brass.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Breath <b>informs</b> this fleeting frame.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Breathes in our soul,<b>informs</b> our mortal part.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To communicate knowledge to; to make known to; to acquaint; to advise; to instruct; to tell; to notify; to enlighten; -- usually followed by <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>For he would learn their business secretly,
And then <b>inform</b> his master hastily.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am <b>informed</b> thoroughky of the cause.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To communicate a knowledge of facts to,by way of accusation; to warn against anybody.</def>

<blockquote>Tertullus . . . <b>informed</b> the governor against Paul.
<i>Acts xxiv. 1.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To acquaint; apprise; tell; teach; instruct; enlighten; animate; fashion.</syn>

<h1>Inform</h1>
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<hw>In*form"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take form; to become visible or manifest; to appear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It is the bloody business which <b>informs</b>
Thus to mine eyes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give intelligence or information; to tell.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He might either teach in the same manner,or <b>inform</b> how he had been taught.
<i>Monthly Rev.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To inform against</col>, <cd>to communicate facts by way of accusation against; to denounce; as, two persons came to the magistrate, and <i>informed against<i> A.</cd></cs>

<h1>Informal</h1>
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<hw>In*form"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>formal</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not in the regular, usual, or established form; not according to official, conventional, prescribed, or customary forms or rules; irregular; hence, without ceremony; <as>as, an <ex>informal</ex> writting, proceeding, or visit</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deranged in mind; out of one's senses.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>These poor <b>informal</b> women.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Informality</h1>
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<hw>In`for*mal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Informalities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being informal; want of regular, prescribed, or customary form; <as>as, the <ex>informality</ex> of legal proceedings</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An informal, unconventional, or unofficial act or proceeding; something which is not in proper or prescribed form or does not conform to the established rule.</def>

<h1>Informally</h1>
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<hw>In*form"al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an informal manner.</def>

<h1>Informant</h1>
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<hw>In*form"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>informans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>informare</ets>. See <er>Inform</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, informs, animates, or vivifies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who imparts information or instruction.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who offers an accusation; an informer. See <er>Informer</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<blockquote>It was the last evidence of the kind; the <b>informant</b>
was hanged.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Information</h1>
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<hw>In`for*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>informatio</ets> representation, cinception. See <er>Inform</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of informing, or communicating knowledge or intelligence.</def>

<blockquote>The active <b>informations</b> of the intellect.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>News, advice, or knowledge, communicated by others or obtained by personal study and investigation; intelligence; knowledge derived from reading, observation, or instruction.</def>

<blockquote>Larger opportunities of <b>information</b>.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He should get some <b>information</b> in the subject he intends
to handle.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A proceeding in the nature of a prosecution for some offens against the government, instituted and prosecuted, really or nominally, by some authorized public officer on behalt of the government. It differs from an indictment in criminal cases chiefly in not being based on the finding of a grand juri. See <er>Indictment</er>.</def>

<h1>Informative</h1>
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<hw>In*form"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power to inform, animate, or vivify.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Informatory</h1>
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<hw>In*form"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of, or conveying, information; instructive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>London Spectator.</i>

<h1>Informed</h1>
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<hw>In*formed"</hw> <tt>(?n-f?rmd\'b6)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unformed or ill-formed; deformed; shapeless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<cs><col>Informed stars</col>. <cd>See under <er>Unformed</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Informer</h1>
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<hw>In*form"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Inform</er>,<ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who informs, animates, or inspires.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<blockquote>Nature, <b>informer</b> of the poet's art.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who informs, or imparts knowledge or news.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who informs a magistrate of violations of law; one who informs against another for violation of some law or penal statute.</def>

<cs><col>Common informer</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one who habitually gives information of the violation of penal statutes, with a view to a prosecution therefor.</cd>  <i>Bouvier. Wharton.</i></cs>

<h1>Informidable</h1>
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<hw>In*for"mi*da*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>informidabilis</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Formidable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not formidable; not to be feared or dreaded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Foe not <i>informidable</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Informity</h1>
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<hw>In*form"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>informitas</ets>. See <er>Inform</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Want of regular form; shapelessness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Informous</h1>
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<hw>In*form"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Inform</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Of irregular form; shapeless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Infortunate</h1>
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<hw>In*for"tu*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infortunatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unlucky; unfortunate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>"A most <b>infortynate</b> chance."
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

- <wordforms><wf>In*for"tu*nate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Infortune</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*for"tune</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infortunium</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Fortune</er>.]</ety> <def>Misfortune.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Infortuned</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*for"tuned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unfortunate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I, woeful wretch and <b>infortuned</b> wight.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infound</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*found"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infundere</ets> to pour in. See <er>Infuse</er>.]</ety> <def>To pour in; to infuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Infra</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*"fra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[L. Cf. <er>Inferior</er>.]</ety> <def>Below; beneath; under; after; -- often used as a prefix.</def>

<h1>Infra-axillary</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra-ax"il*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>axillary</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Situated below the axil, as a bud.</def>

<h1>Infrabranchial</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*bran"chi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>branchial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Below the gills; -- applied to the ventral portion of the pallial chamber in the lamellibranchs.</def>

<h1>Infraclavicular</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*cla*vic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>clavicular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Below the clavicle; <as>as, the <ex>infraclavicular</ex> fossa</as>.</def>

<h1>Infract</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*fract"</hw> <tt>(?n-fr\'b5kt\'b6)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infractus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>fractus</ets>. p.p. of <ets>frangere</ets> to break.]</ety> <def>Not broken or fractured; unharmed; whole.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Infract</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*fract"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>   <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Infracted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Infracting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>infractus</ets>, p.p. of of <ets>infringere</ets>. See <er>Infringe</er>.]</ety> <def>To break; to infringe.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Infractible</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*fract"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being broken.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Infraction</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*frac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infractio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>infraction</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of infracting or breaking; breach; violation; nonobservance; infringement; <as>as, an <ex>infraction</ex> of a treaty, compact, rule, or law</as>.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<h1>Infractor</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*fract"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>infracteur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who infracts or infringes; a violator; a breaker.</def>

<h1>Infragrant</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*fra"grant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not fragrant.</def>

<h1>Infrahyoid</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*hy"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>hyoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hyosternal</er> <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Infralabial</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*la"bi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Below the lower lip; -- said of certain scales of reptiles and fishes.</def>

<h1>Infralapsarian</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*lap*sa"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>lapse</ets>: cf. F. <ets>infralapsaire.</ets> See</tt> <er>Lapse</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of that class of Calvinists who consider the decree of election as contemplating the apostasy as past and the elect as being at the time of election in a fallen and guilty state; -- opposed to <i>Supralapsarian</i>.  The former considered the election of grace as a remedy for an existing evil; the latter regarded the fall as a part of God's original purpose in regard to men.</def>

<h1>Infralapsarian</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*lap*sa"ri*an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Theor.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Infralapsarians, or to their doctrine.</def>

<h1>Infralapsarianism</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*lap*sa"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Theor.)</fld> <def>The doctrine, belief, or principles of the Inralapsarians.</def>

<h1>Inframarginal</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*mar"gin*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>marginal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Below the margin; submarginal; <as>as, an <ex>inframarginal</ex> convolution of the brain</as>.</def>

<h1>Inframaxillary</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*max"il*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>maxillary</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Under the lower jaw; submaxillary; <as>as, the <ex>inframaxillary</ex> nerve</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the lower iaw.</def>

<h1>Inframedian</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*me"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>median</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94logical Geog.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the interval or zone along the sea bottom, at the depth of between fifty and one hundred fathoms.</def>

<i>E. Forbes.</i>

<h1>Inframundane</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*mun"dane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>mundane</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lying or situated beneath the world.</def>

<h1>Infranchise</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*fran"chise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Enfranchise</er>.</def>

<h1>Infrangibility</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*fran`gi*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being infrangible; infrangibleness.</def>

<h1>Infrangible</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*fran"gi*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>grangible</ets>: cf.F. <ets>infrangible</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not capable of being broken or separated into parts; <as>as, <ex>infrangible</ex> atoms</as>.</def>

<blockquote>[He] link'd their fetlocks with a golden band
<b>Infrangible</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not to be infringed or violated.</def>

<h1>Infrangibleness</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*fran"gi*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being infrangible; infrangibility.</def>

<h1>Infraocular</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*oc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>ocular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Situated below the eyes, as the antenna of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Infraorbital</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*or"bit*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>orbital</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Below the orbit; <as>as, the <ex>infraorbital</ex> foramen; the <ex>infraorbital</ex> nerve.</as></def>

<h1>Infrapose</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>pose</ets>.]</ety> <def>To place under or beneath.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Infraposition</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>position</ets>.]</ety> <def>A situation or position beneath.</def>

<i>Kane.</i>

<h1>Infrascapular</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*scap"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>scapular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Beneath the scapula, or shoulder blade; subscapular.</def>

<h1>Infraspinal</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*spi"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>spinal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Below the vertebral column, subvertebral.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Below the spine; infraspinate; infraspinous.</def>

<h1>Infraspinate, Infraspinous</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw><hw>In`fra*spi"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`fra*spi*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>spinate</ets>, <ets>spinous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Below the spine; infraspinal; esp., below the spine of the scapula; <as>as, the <ex>infraspinous</ex> fossa; the <ex>infraspinate</ex> muscle.</as></def>

<h1>Infrastapedial</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*sta*pe"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>stapedial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a part of the columella of the ear, which in many animals projects below the connection with the stapes.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The infrastapedial part of the columella.</def></def2>

<h1>Infrasternal</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*ster"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>sternal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Below the sternum; <as>as, the <ex>infrasternal</ex> depression, or pit of the stomach</as>.</def>

<h1>Infratemporal</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*tem"po*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>temporal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Below the temple; below the temporal bone.</def>

<h1>Infraterritorial</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*ter"ri*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>territorial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Within the territory of a state.</def>

<i>Story.</i>

<h1>Infratrochlear</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fra*troch"le*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Infra</ets> + <ets>trochlear</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Below a trochlea, or pulley; -- applied esp. to one of the subdivisions of the trigeminal nerve.</def>

<h1>Infrequence, Infrequency</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw><hw>In*fre"quence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*fre"quen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infrequentia</ets> scantiness : cf. F. <ets>infrequence</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of rarely occuring; uncommonness; rareness; <as>as, the <ex>infrquence</ex> of his visits</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of not being frequented; solitude; isolation; retirement; seclusion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The solitude and <b>infrequency</b> of the place.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infrequent</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*fre"quent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infrquens</ets> : cf.F. <ets>infrequent</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Frequent</er>.]</ety> <def>Seldom happening or occurring; rare; uncommon; unusual.</def>

<blockquote>The act whereof is at this day <b>infrequent</b> or out of use
among all sorts of men.
<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infrequently</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*fre"quent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Not frequently; rarely.</def>

<h1>Infrigidate</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*frig"i*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infrigidatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>infrigidare</ets> to chill. See 1st <er>In-</er>, and <er>Frigid</er>.]</ety> <def>To chill; to make cold; to cool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Infrigidation</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*frig`i*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infrigidatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of chilling or causing to become cold; a chilling; coldness; congelation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Infringe</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*fringe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Infringed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Infringing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>infringere</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>frangere</ets> to break. See <er>Fraction</er>, and cf. <er>Infract</er> .]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To break; to violate; to transgress; to neglect to fulfill or obey; <as>as, to <ex>infringe</ex> a law or contract</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If the first that did the edict <b>infringe</b>,
Had answered for his deed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The peace . . . was <b>infringed</b> by Appius Claudius.
<i>Golding.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hinder; to destroy; <as>as, to <ex>infringe</ex> efficacy; to <ex>infringe</ex> delight or power.</as></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Infringe</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*fringe"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To break, violate, or transgress some contract, rule, or law; to injure; to offend.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To encroach; to trespass; -- followed by <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>; <as>as, to <ex>infringe</ex> upon the rights of another</as>.</def>

<h1>Infringement</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*fringe"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of infringing; breach; violation; nonfulfillment; <as>as, the <ex>infringement</ex> of a treaty, compact, law, or constitution</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The punishing of this <b>infringement</b> is proper to that
jurisdiction against which the contempt is.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An encroachment on a patent, copyright, or other special privilege; a trespass.</def>

<h1>Infringer</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*frin"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who infringes or violates; a violator.</def>

<i>Strype.</i>

<h1>Infructuose</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*fruc"tu*ose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>infructuosus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Fruit</er>.]</ety> <def>Not producing fruit; unfruitful; unprofitable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>T. Adams.</i>

<h1>Infrugal</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*fru"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not frugal; wasteful; <as>as, an <ex>infrugal</ex> expense of time</as>.</def>

<i>J. Goodman.</i>

<h1>Infrugiferous</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fru*gif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not bearing fruit; not fructiferous.</def>

<h1>Infucate</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fu*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infucatus</ets> painted; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>fucare</ets> to paint, dye. See <er>Fucate</er>.]</ety> <def>To stain; to paint; to daub.</def>

<h1>Infucation</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fu*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of painting or staining, especially of painting the face.</def>

<h1>Infula</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In"fu*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Infule</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A sort of fillet worn by dignitaries, priests, and others among the ancient Romans. It was generally white.</def>

<h1>Infumate</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In"fu*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Infumated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Infumating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.<ets>infumatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>infumare</ets> to infumate; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>fumare</ets> to smoke, fr. <ets>fumus</ets> smoke.]</ety> <def>To dry by exposing to smoke; to expose to smoke.</def>

<h1>Infumated</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In"fu*ma`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Clouded; having a cloudy appearance.</def>

<h1>Infumation</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In`fu*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of drying in smoke.</def>

<h1>Infumed</h1>
<Xpage=761>

<hw>In*fumed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dried in smoke; smoked.</def>

<hr>
<page="762">
Page 762<p>

<h1>Infundibular, Infundibulate</h1>
<Xpage=762>

<hw><hw>In`fun*dib"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`fun*dib"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Infundibulum</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a funnel; pertaining to an infundibulum.</def>

<cs><col>Infundibulate Bryozoa</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,<cd>a group of marine Bryozoa having a circular arrangement of the tentacles upon the disk.</cd></cs>

<h1>Infundibuliform</h1>
<Xpage=762>

<hw>In`fun*dib"u*li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infundibulum</ets> funnel + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>infundibuliforme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the form of a funnel or cone; funnel-shaped.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Funnelform</er>.</def>

<h1>Infundibulum</h1>
<Xpage=762>

<hw>In`fun*dib"u*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Infundibula</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Infundibulums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a funnel, from <ets>infundere</ets> to pour in or into. See <er>Infuse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A funnel-shaped or dilated organ or part; <as>as, the <ex>infundibulum</ex> of the brain, a hollow, conical process, connecting the floor of the third ventricle with the pituitary body; the <ex>infundibula</ex> of the lungs, the enlarged terminations of the bronchial tubes.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A central cavity in the Ctenophora, into which the gastric sac leads.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The siphon of Cephalopoda. See <er>Cephalopoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Infuneral</h1>
<Xpage=762>

<hw>In*fu"ner*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inter with funeral rites; to bury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>G. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Infurcation</h1>
<Xpage=762>

<hw>In`fur*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + L. <ets>furca</ets> fork.]</ety> <def>A forked exlpansion or divergence; a bifurcation; a branching.</def>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>Infuriate</h1>
<Xpage=762>

<hw>In*fu"ri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>infuriato</ets>, p. p. of <ets>infuriare</ets>. See <er>Infuriate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Enraged; rading; furiously angry; infuriated.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Inflamed beyond the most <b>infuriate</b> wrath.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infuriate</h1>
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<hw>In*fu"ri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Infuriated</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Infuriating</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[It. <ets>infuriato</ets>, p. p. of <ets>infuriare</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>furia</ets> fury, L. <ets>furia</ets>. See <er>Fury</er>.]</ety> <def>To render furious; to enrage; to exasperate.</def>

<blockquote>Those curls of entangled snakes with which Erinys is said to have <b>infuriated</b> Athemas and Ino.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infuriated</h1>
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<hw>In*fu"ri*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Enraged; furious.</def>

<h1>Infuscate</h1>
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<hw>In*fus"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infuscatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>infuscare</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>fuscare</ets> to make dark, fr. <ets>fuscus</ets> dark.]</ety> <def>To darken; to make black; to obscure.</def>

<h1>Infuscated</h1>
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<hw>In*fus"ca*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Darkened with a blackish tinge.</def>

<h1>Infuscation</h1>
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<hw>In`fus*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of darkening, or state of being dark; darkness; obscurity.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Infuse</h1>
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<hw>In*fuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Infused</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Infusing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>infusus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>infundere</ets> to pour in or into; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>fundere</ets> to pour: cf. F. <ets>infuser</ets>. See <er>Found</er> to cast.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pour in, as a liquid; to pour (into or upon); to shed.</def>

<blockquote>That strong Circean liquor cease to <b>infuse</b>.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To instill, as principles or qualities; to introduce.</def>

<blockquote>That souls of animals <b>infuse</b> themselves Into the trunks of men.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Why should he desire to have qualities <b>infused</b> into his son which himself never possessd?
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To inspire; to inspirit or animate; to fill; -- followed by <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Infuse</b> his breast with magnanimity.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Infusing</b> him with self and vain conceit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To steep in water or other fluid without boiling, for the propose of extracting medicinal qualities; to soak.</def>

<blockquote>One scruple of dried leaves is <b>infused</b> in ten ounces of warm water.
<i>Coxe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To make an infusion with, as an ingredient; to tincture; to saturate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Infuse</h1>
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<hw>In*fuse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Infusion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Infuser</h1>
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<hw>In*fus"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, infuses.</def>

<h1>Infusibility</h1>
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<hw>In*fu`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Infuse</er>.]</ety> <def>Capability of being infused, pouredin, or instilled.</def>

<h1>Infusibility</h1>
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<hw>In*fu`si*bil"i*ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>fusibility</ets>: cf. F. <ets>infusibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incapability or difficulty of being fused, melted, or dissolved; <as>as, the <ex>infusibility</ex> of carbon</as>.</def>

<h1>Infusible</h1>
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<hw>In*fu"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Infuse</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being infused.</def>

<blockquote>Doctrines being <b>infusible</b> into all.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infusible</h1>
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<hw>In*fu"si*ble</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>fusible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>infusible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not fusible; incapble or difficalt of fusion, or of being dissolved or melted.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<blockquote>The best crucibles are made of Limoges earth, which seems absolutely <b>infusible</b>.
<i>Lavoisier (Trans. ).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infusibleness</h1>
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<hw>In*fu"si*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Infusibility.</def>

<h1>Infusion</h1>
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<hw>In*fu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>infusio</ets> a pouring in: cf. F. <ets>infusion</ets>. See <er>Infuse</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of infusing, pouring in, or instilling; instillation; <as>as, the <ex>infusion</ex> of good principles into the mind; the <ex>infusion</ex> of ardor or zeal.</as></def>

<blockquote>Our language has received innumerable elegancies and improvements from that <b>infusion</b> of Hebraisms.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is infused; suggestion; inspiration.</def>

<blockquote>His folly and his wisdom are of his oun growth, not the echo or <b>infusion</b> of other men.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of plunging or dipping into a fluid; immersion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Baptism by <i>infusion</i>."

<i>Jortin.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Pharmacy)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act or process of steeping or soaking any substance in water in order to extract its virtues.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The liquid extract obtained by this process.</def>

<blockquote>Sips meek <b>infusion</b> of a milder herb.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infusionism</h1>
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<hw>In*fu"sion*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine that the soul is preexistent to the body, and is infused into it at conception or birth; -- opposed to <i>tradicianism</i> and <i>creationism</i>.</def>

<h1>Infusive</h1>
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<hw>In*fu"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the power of infusion; inspiring; influencing.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>infusive</b> force of Spirit on man.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Infusoria</h1>
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<hw>In`fu*so"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.; -- so called because found in infusions which are left exposed to the air for a time. See <er>Infuse</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the classes of Protozoa, including a large number of species, all of minute size.</def>

<note>&hand; They are found in all seas, lakes, ponds, and streams, as well as in infusions of organic matter exposed to the air. They are distinguished by having vibrating lashes or cilia, with which they obtain their food and swim about.They are devided into the orders Flagellata, Ciliata, and Tentaculifera. See these words in the Vocabulary.

   Formely the term <i>Infusoria</i> was applied to all microscopic organisms found in water, including many minute plants, belonging to the diatoms, as well as minute animals belonging to various classes, as the Rotifera, which are worms; and the Rhizopoda, which constitute a distinct class of Protozoa. Fossil Infusoria are mostly the siliceous shells of diatoms; sometimes they are siliceous skeletons of Radiolaria, or the calcareous shells of Foraminifera.</note>

<h1>Infusorial</h1>
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<hw>In`fu*so"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Infusoria; composed of, or containing, Infusoria; <as>as, <ex>infusorial</ex> earth</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Infusorial earth</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a deposit of fine, usually white, siliceous material, composed mainly of the shells of the microscopic plants called <i>diatoms<i>. It is used in polishing powder, and in the manufacture of dynamite.</cd></cs><-- = kieselguhr -->

<h1>Infusorian</h1>
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<hw>In`fu*so"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Infusoria.</def>

<h1>Infusory</h1>
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<hw>In*fu"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Infusorial.</def>

<h1>Infusory</h1>
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<hw>In*fu"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Infusories</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Infusoria; -- usually in the <pluf>pl.</pluf></def>

<h1>-ing</h1>
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<hw>-ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <ety>[For OE. -<ets>and</ets>, -<ets>end</ets>, -<ets>ind</ets>, AS. -<ets>ende</ets>; akin to Goth. -<ets>and-</ets>, L. -<ets>ant-</ets>, -<ets>ent-</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A suffix used to from present participles; <as>as, sing<ex>ing</ex>, play<ex>ing</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[OE. -<ets>ing</ets>, AS. -<ets>ing</ets>, -<ets>ung</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix used to form nouns from verbs, and signifying the act of; the result of the act; <as>as, rid<ex>ing</ex>, dy<ex>ing</ex>, feel<ex>ing</ex></as>. It has also a secondary collective force; <as>as, shipp<ex>ing</ex>, cloth<ex>ing</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The Old English ending of the present participle and verbal noun became confused, both becoming <i>-ing</i>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[AS. <ets>-ing</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix formerly used to form diminutives; <as>as, lord<ex>ing</ex>, farth<ex>ing</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Ing</h1>
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<hw>Ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ing</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pasture or meadow; generally one lying low, near a river.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Ingannation</h1>
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<hw>In`gan*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>ingannare</ets> to decieve.]</ety> <def>Cheat; deception.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Brown.</i>

<h1>Ingate</h1>
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<hw>In"gate`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Entrance; ingress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Which hath in charge the <b>ingate</b> of the year.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fonding)</fld> <def>The aperture in a mold for pouring in the metal; the gate.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Ingathering</h1>
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<hw>In"gath`er*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or business of gathering or collecting anything; especially, the gathering of the fruits of the earth; harvest.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt keep . . . the feast of <b>ingathering</b>.
<i>Ex. xxii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ingelable</h1>
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<hw>In*gel"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not congealable.</def>

<h1>Ingeminate</h1>
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<hw>In*gem"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ingeminatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Redoubled; repeated.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Ingeminate</h1>
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<hw>In*gem"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ingeminated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ingeminating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>ingeminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ingeminare</ets> to double; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>geminare</ets>. See <er>Geminate</er>.]</ety> <def>To redouble or repeat; to reiterate.</def>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<blockquote> . . . She yet <b>ingeminates</b>
The last of sounds, and what she hears relates.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ingemination</h1>
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<hw>In*gem`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Repetition; reduplication; reiteration.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<blockquote>That Sacred <b>ingemination</b>, Amen, Amen.
<i>Featley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Happiness with an echo or <b>ingemination</b>.
<i>Holdsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ingena</h1>
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<hw>In*ge"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The gorilla.</def>

<h1>Ingender</h1>
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<hw>In*gen"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Engender</er>.</def>

<h1>Ingenerabillty</h1>
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<hw>In*gen`er*a*bil"l*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Incapacity of being engendered or produced.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Ingenerable</h1>
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<hw>In*gen"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>generable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ingenerable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incapble of being engendered or produced; original.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Ingenerably</h1>
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<hw>In*gen"er*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ingenerable manner.</def>

<h1>Ingenerate</h1>
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<hw>In*gen"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ingeneratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ingenerare</ets>. See engender]</ety> <def>Generated within; inborn; innate; <as>as, <ex>ingenerate</ex> powers of body</as>.</def>

<i>W. Wotton.</i>

<blockquote>Those virtues were rather feigned and affected . . . than true qualities <b>ingenerate</b> in his judgment.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ingenerate</h1>
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<hw>In*gen"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ingenerat</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ingenerating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To generate or produce within; to begete; to engener; to occasion; to cause.</def>

<i>Mede.</i>

<blockquote>Those noble habits are <b>ingenerated</b> in the soul.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ingeneration</h1>
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<hw>In*gen`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of ingenerating.</def>

<h1>Ingeniate</h1>
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<hw>In*ge"ni*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ingenious</er>.]</ety> <def>To invent; to contrive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Ingenie</h1>
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<hw>In"ge*nie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Ingeny</er>.</def>

<h1>Ingeniosity</h1>
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<hw>In*ge`ni*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>ingeniositas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ingenuity; skill; cunning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Ingenious</h1>
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<hw>In*gen"ious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ingeniosus</ets>, fr. <ets>ingenium</ets> innate or natural quality, natural capacity, genius: cf. F. <ets>ing\'82nieux</ets>. See <er>Engine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessed of genius, or the faculty of invention; skillful or promp to invent; having an aptitude to contrive, or to form new combinations; <as>as, an <ex>ingenious</ex> author, mechanic</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A man . . . very wise and <b>ingenious</b> in feats of war.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou, king, send out
For torturers <b>ingenious</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The more <b>ingenious</b> men are, the more apt are they to trouble themselves.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Proseeding from, pertaining to, or characterized by, genius or ingenuity; of curious design, structure, or mechanism; <as>as, an <ex>ingenious</ex> model, or machine; an <ex>ingenious</ex> scheme, contrivance, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Thus men go wrong with an <b>ingenious</b> skill.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Witty; shrewd; adroit; keen; sagacious; <as>as, an <ex>ingenious</ex> reply</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Mental; intellectual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A course of learning and <b>ingenious</b> studies.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ingeniously</h1>
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<hw>In*gen"ious*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ingenious manner; with ingenuity; skillfully; wittily; cleverly.</def>

<blockquote>"Too <b>ingeniously</b> politic."
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ingeniousness</h1>
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<hw>In*gen"ious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being ingenious; ingenuity.</def>

<h1>Ingenite Ingenit</h1>
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<hw><hw>In*gen"ite In*gen"it</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ingenitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ingignere</ets> to instill by birthor nature; pref. <ets>in-</ets> + <ets>gignere</ets> to beget.]</ety> <def>Innate; inborn; inbred; inherent; native; ingenerate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It is naturalor <b>ingenite</b>, which comes by some defect of the organs and overmuch brain.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ingenuity</h1>
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<hw>In`ge*nu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ingenuitas</ets> ingenuousness: cf. F. <ets>ing\'82nuit\'82</ets>. See <er>Ingenuous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or power of ready invention; quickness or acuteness in forming new combinations; ingeniousness; skill in devising or combining.</def>

<blockquote>All the means which human <b>ingenuity</b> has contrived.
<i>Blair.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Curiousness, or cleverness in design or contrivance; <as>as, the ingenuity of a plan, or of mechanism</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He gives . . .
To artist <b>ingenuity</b> and skill.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Openness of heat; ingeniuousness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The stings and remores of natural <b>ingenuity</b>, a principle that men scarcely ever shake off, as long as they carry anything of human nature about them.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Inventiveness; ingeniousness; skill; cunning; cleverness; genius.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Ingenuity</er>, <er>Cleverness</er>. <i>Ingenuity</i> is a form of genius, and <i>cleverness</i> of talent. The former implies invention, the letter a peculiar dexterity and readiness of execution. Sir James Mackintosh remarks that the English overdo in the use of the word <i>clever</i> and <i>cleverness</i>, applying them loosely to almost every form of intellectual ability.</usage>

<h1>Ingenuous</h1>
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<hw>In*gen"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ingenuus</ets> inborn, innate, freeborn, noble, frank; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + the root of <ets>gignere</ets> to beget. See <er>Genius</er>, and cf. <er>Ingenious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of honorable extraction; freeborn; noble; <as>as, <ex>ingenuous</ex> blood of birth</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Noble; generous; magnanimous; honorable; uprigth; high-minded; <as>as, an <ex>ingenuous</ex> ardor or zeal</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If an <b>ingenuous</b> detestation of falsehood be but carefully and early instilled, that is the true and genuin method to obviate dishonesty.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Free from reserve, disguise, equivocation, or dissimulation; open; frank; sa, an <i>ingenuous</i> man; an <i>ingenuous</i> declaration, confession, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Sensible in myself . . . what a burden it is for me, who would be <b>ingenuous</b>, to be loaded with courtesies which he hath not the least hope to requite or deserve.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Ingenious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; (Formerly) printers did not discriminate between . . . <i>ingenuous</i> and <i>ingenious</i>, and these words were used or rather printed interchangeably almost to the begining of the eighteenth century.</note>

<i>G. P. Marsh.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Open; frank; unreserved; artless; plain; sincere; candid; fair; noble; generous.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Ingenuous</er>, <er>Open</er>, <er>Frank</er>. One who is <i>open</i> speaks out at once what is uppermost in his mind; one who is <i>frank</i> does it from a natural boldness, or dislike of self-restraint; one who is <i>ingenuous</i> is actuated by a native simplicity and artlessness, which make him willing to confess faults, and make known his sentiments without reserve. See <er>Candid</er>.</usage>

<h1>Ingenuously</h1>
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<hw>In*gen"u*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ingenuous manner; openly; fairly; candidly; artlessly.</def>

<blockquote>Being required to explane himself, he <b>ingeniously</b> confessed.
<i>Ludlow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ingenuousness</h1>
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<hw>In*gen"u*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being ingenuous; openness of heart; frankness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ingenuity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Ingeny</h1>
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<hw>In"ge*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ingenium</ets>. See <er>Ingenious</er>.]</ety> <def>Natural gift or talent; ability; wit; ingenuity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ingenie</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Becon.</i>

<h1>Ingerminate</h1>
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<hw>In*ger"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to germinate.</def>

<h1>Ingest</h1>
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<hw>In*gest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ingenium</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ingerere</ets> to put in; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>gerere</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>To take into, or as into, the stomach or alimentary canal.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Ingesta</h1>
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<hw>In*ges"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Ingest</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>That which is introduced into the body by the stomach or alimentary canal; -- opposed to <i>egesta</i>.</def>

<h1>Ingestion</h1>
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<hw>In*ges"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ingestio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ingestion</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act of taking or putting into the stomach; <as>as, the ingestion of milk or other food</as>.</def>

<h1>Inghalla</h1>
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<hw>In*ghal"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The reedbuck of South Africa.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ingali</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ingirt</h1>
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<hw>In*girt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ingirt</er>.]</ety> <def>To encircle to gird; to engirt.</def>

<blockquote>The wreath is ivy that <b>ingirts</b> our beams.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ingirt</h1>
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<hw>In*girt"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Surrounded; encircled.</def>

<i>Fenton.</i>

<h1>Ingle</h1>
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<hw>In"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. & Ir. <ets>aingeali</ets> fire; cf. L. <ets>igniculusi</ets> spark, dim. of <ets>ignis</ets> fire. Cf. <er>Ignite</er>.]</ety> <def>Flame; blaze; a fire; a fireplace.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<cs><col>Ingle nock</col>, <cd>the chimney corner.</cd> -- <col>Ingle side</col>, <cd>Ingle cheek, the fireside.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ingle</h1>
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<hw>In"gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>engle</ets>, <ets>enghle</ets>: cf. Gael. & Ir. <ets>aingeal</ets> an angel. Cf. <er>Engle</er>.]</ety> <def>A paramour; a favourite; a sweetheart; an engle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Toone.</i>

<hr>
<page="763">
Page 763<p>

<h1>Ingle</h1>
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<hw>In"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cajole or coax; to wheedle. See <er>Engle</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inglobate</h1>
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<hw>In*glo"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>In the form of a globe or sphere; -- applied to nebulous matter collected into a sphere by the force of gravitation.</def>

<h1>Inglobe</h1>
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<hw>In*globe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To infix, as in a globe; to fix or secure firmly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Inglorious</h1>
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<hw>In*glo"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inglorious</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>gloria</ets> glory, fame: cf. F. <ets>inglorieux</ets>. See <er>Glory</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not glorious; not bringing honor or glory; not accompanied with fame, honor, or celebrity; obscure; humble; <as>as, an <ex>inglorious</ex> life of ease</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>My next desire is, void of care and strife,
To lead a soft, secure, <b>inglorious</b> life.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some mute <b>inglorious</b> Milton here may rest.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Shameful; disgraceful; ignominious; <as>as, <ex>inglorious</ex> flight, defeat, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Inglorious</b> shelter in an alien land.
<i>J. Philips.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ingloriously</h1>
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<hw>In*glo"ri*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inglorious manner; dishonorably; with shame; ignominiously; obscurely.</def>

<h1>Ingloriousness</h1>
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<hw>In*glo"ri*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being inglorious.</def>

<h1>Inglut</h1>
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<hw>In*glut"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To glut.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<h1>Ingluvial</h1>
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<hw>In*glu"vi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the indulges or crop of birds.</def>

<h1>Ingluvies</h1>
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<hw>In*glu"vi*es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The crop, or craw, of birds.</def>

<h1>Ingluvious</h1>
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<hw>In*glu"vi*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gluttonous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>In-going</h1>
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<hw>In"-go`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of going in; entrance.</def>

<h1>In-going</h1>
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<hw>In"-go`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Going; entering, as upon an office or a possession; <as>as, an <ex>in-going</ex> tenant</as>.</def>

<h1>Ingorge</h1>
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<hw>In*gorge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Engorge</er>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Ingot</h1>
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<hw>In"got</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from AS. <ets>in</ets> in + <ets>ge\'a2tan</ets> to pour: cf. F. <ets>linglot</ets>, LL. <ets>lingotus</ets> a mass of gold or silver, extended in the manner of a tongue, and G. <ets>einguss</ets>, LG. & OE. <ets>ingot</ets> ingot, a mold for casting metals in. See <er>Found</er> to cast, and cf. <er>Linget</er>, <er>Lingot</er>, <er>Nugget</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That in which metal is cast; a mold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And from the fire he took up his matter
And in the <b>ingot</b> put it with merry cheer.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bar or wedge of steel, gold, or other malleable metal, cast in a mold; a mass of unwrought cast metal.</def>

<blockquote>Wrought <b>ingots</b> from Besoara's mine.
<i>Sir W. Jones.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ingot mold</col>, <cd>a box or mold in which ingots are cast.</cd> -- <col>Ingot iron</col>. <cd>See <cref>Decarbonized steel</cref>, under <er>Decarbonize</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ingrace</h1>
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<hw>In*grace"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>grace</ets>.]</ety> <def>To ingratiate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>G. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Ingracious</h1>
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<hw>In*gra"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>gracious</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ungracious; unkind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Ingraff</h1>
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<hw>In*graff"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Ingraft</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ingraft</h1>
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<hw>In*graft"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ingrafted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ingrafting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Written also <ets>engraft</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To insert, as a scion of one tree, shrub, or plant in another for propagation; <as>as, to <ex>ingraft</ex> a peach scion on a plum tree</as>; figuratively, to insert or introduce in such a way as to make a part of something.</def>

<blockquote>This fellow would <b>ingraft</b> a foreign name
Upon our stock.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A custom . . . <b>ingrafted</b> into the monarchy of Rome.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To subject to the process of grafting; to furnish with grafts or scions; to graft; <as>as, to <ex>ingraft</ex> a tree</as>.</def>

<h1>Ingrafter</h1>
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<hw>In*graft"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who ingrafts.</def>

<h1>Ingraftment</h1>
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<hw>In*graft"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of ingrafting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thing ingrafted; a scion.</def>

<h1>Ingrain</h1>
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<hw>In"grain`</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>grain</ets> kermes. See <er>Engrain</er>, <er>Grain</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Dyed with grain, or kermes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dyed before manufacture, -- said of the material of a textile fabric; hence, in general, thoroughly inwrought; forming an essential part of the substance.</def>

<cs><col>Ingrain carpet</col>, <cd>a double or two-ply carpet.</cd> -- <col>Triple ingrain carpet</col>, <cd>a three-ply carpet.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ingrain</h1>
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<hw>In"grain`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An ingrain fabric, as a carpet.</def>

<h1>Ingrain</h1>
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<hw>In"grain`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ingrained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ingraining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Written also <ets>engrain</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To dye with or in grain or kermes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dye in the grain, or before manufacture.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To work into the natural texture or into the mental or moral constitution of; to stain; to saturate; to imbue; to infix deeply.</def>

<blockquote>Our fields <b>ingrained</b> with blood.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cruelty and jealousy seem to be <b>ingrained</b> in a man who has these vices at all.
<i>Helps.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ingrapple</h1>
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<hw>In*grap"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To seize; to clutch; to grapple.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Ingrate</h1>
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<hw>In"grate`</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ingratus</ets>. See <er>Ingrateful</er>.]</ety> <def>Ingrateful.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Ingrate</h1>
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<hw>In"grate`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An ungrateful person.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Ingrateful</h1>
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<hw>In"grate`ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ingratus</ets> ingrateful (pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>gratus</ets> beloved, dear, grateful) + <ets>-ful</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ingrat</ets>. See <er>Grateful</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Ungrateful; thankless; unappreciative.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>He proved extremely false and <b>ingrateful</b> to me.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unpleasing to the sense; distasteful; offensive.</def>

<blockquote>He gives . . . no <b>ingrateful</b> food.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In"grate`ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In"grate`ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ingrately</h1>
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<hw>In"grate`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Ungratefully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ingratiate</h1>
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<hw>In*gra"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ingratiated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ingratiating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + L. <ets>gratia</ets>. See <er>Grace</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To introduce or commend to the favor of another; to bring into favor; to insinuate; -- used reflexively, and followed by <i>with</i> before the person whose favor is sought.</def>

<blockquote>Lysimachus . . . <b>ingratiated</b> himself both with Philip and his pupil.
<i>Budgell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To recommend; to render easy or agreeable; -- followed by <i>to</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. J. Scott.</i>

<blockquote>What difficulty would it [the love of Christ] not <b>ingratiate</b> to us?
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ingratiate</h1>
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<hw>In*gra"ti*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To gain favor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Ingratitude</h1>
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<hw>In*grat"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ingratitude</ets>, L. <ets>ingratitudo</ets>. See <er>Ingrate</er>.]</ety> <def>Want of gratitude; insensibility to, forgetfulness of, or ill return for, kindness or favors received; unthankfulness; ungratefulness.</def>

<blockquote><b>Ingratitude</b>, thou marble-hearted fiend.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Ingratitude</b> is abhorred both by God and man.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ingrave</h1>
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<hw>In*grave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To engrave.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Whose gleaming rind <i>ingrav'n</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Ingrave</h1>
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<hw>In*grave"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>grave</ets>. Cf. <er>Engrave</er>.]</ety> <def>To bury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Heywood.</i>

<h1>Ingravidate</h1>
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<hw>In*grav"i*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ingravidatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ingravidare</ets> to impregnate. See 1st <er>In-</er>, and <er>Gravidated</er>.]</ety> <def>To impregnate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Ingravidation</h1>
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<hw>In*grav`i*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being pregnant or impregnated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ingreat</h1>
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<hw>In*great"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make great; to enlarge; to magnify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Ingredience, Ingrediency</h1>
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<hw><hw>In*gre"di*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*gre"di*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ingredient</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Entrance; ingress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality or state of being an ingredient or component part.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Ingredient</h1>
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<hw>In*gre"di*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ingr\'82dient</ets>, L. <ets>ingrediens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, entering into, p. pr. of <ets>ingredi</ets>, p. p. <ets>ingressus</ets>, to go into, to enter; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>gradi</ets> to walk, go. See <er>Grade</er>.]</ety> <def>That which enters into a compound, or is a component part of any combination or mixture; an element; a constituent.</def>

<blockquote>By way of analysis we may proceed from compounds to <b>ingredients</b>.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Water is the chief <b>ingredient</b> in all the animal fluids and solids.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ingredient</h1>
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<hw>In*gre"di*ent</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Entering as, or forming, an ingredient or component part.</def>

<blockquote>Acts where no sin is <b>ingredient</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ingress</h1>
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<hw>In"gress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ingressus</ets>, fr. <ets>ingredi</ets>. See <er>Ingredient</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of entering; entrance; <as>as, the <ex>ingress</ex> of air into the lungs</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Power or liberty of entrance or access; means of entering; <as>as, all <ex>ingress</ex> was prohibited</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The entrance of the moon into the shadow of the earth in eclipses, the sun's entrance into a sign, etc.</def>

<h1>Ingress</h1>
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<hw>In"gress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To go in; to enter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ingression</h1>
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<hw>In*gres"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ingressio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ingression</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of entering; entrance.</def>

<i>Sir K. Digby.</i>

<h1>Ingrieve</h1>
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<hw>In*grieve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render more grievous; to aggravate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Ingroove</h1>
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<hw>In*groove"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To groove in; to join in or with a groove.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Ingross</h1>
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<hw>In*gross"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Engross</er>.</def>

<h1>Ingrowing</h1>
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<hw>In"grow`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Growing or appearing to grow into some other substance.</def>

<cs><col>Ingrowing nail</col>, <cd>one whose edges are becoming imbedded in the adjacent flesh.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ingrowth</h1>
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<hw>In"growth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A growth or development inward.</def>

<i>J. LeConte.</i>

<h1>Inguen</h1>
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<hw>In"guen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inguen</ets>, <ets>inguinis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The groin.</def>

<h1>Inguilty</h1>
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<hw>In*guilt"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not guilty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Inguinal</h1>
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<hw>In"gui*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inguinalis</ets>, fr. <ets>inguen</ets>, <ets>inguinis</ets>, the groin: cf. F. <ets>inguinal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron. & Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to, or in the region of, the inguen or groin; <as>as, an <ex>inguinal</ex> canal or ligament; <ex>inguinal</ex> hernia.</as></def>

<cs><col>Inguinal ring</col>. <cd>See <cref>Abdominal ring</cref>, under <er>Abdominal</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ingulf</h1>
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<hw>In*gulf"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ingulfed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ingulfing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Engulf</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>engulf</asp>.]</altsp> <def>To swallow up or overwhelm in, or as in, a gulf; to cast into a gulf. See <er>Engulf</er>.</def>

<blockquote>A river large . . .
Passed underneath <b>ingulfed</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ingulfment</h1>
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<hw>In*gulf"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of ingulfing, or the state of being ingulfed.</def>

<h1>Ingurgitate</h1>
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<hw>In*gur"gi*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ingurgitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ingurgitare</ets> to pour in; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>gurges</ets> whirlpool, gulf.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To swallow, devour, or drink greedily or in large quantity; to guzzle.</def>

<i>Cleveland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To swallow up, as in a gulf.</def>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Ingurgitate</h1>
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<hw>In*gur"gi*tate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To guzzle; to swill.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Ingurgitation</h1>
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<hw>In*gur`gi*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ingurgitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ingurgitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of swallowing greedily or immoderately; that which is so swallowed.</def>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<blockquote>He drowned his stomach and senses with a large draught and <b>ingurgitation</b> of wine.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ingustable</h1>
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<hw>In*gust"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ingustabilis</ets>. See <er>Gustable</er>.]</ety> <def>Tasteless; insipid.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Inhabile</h1>
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<hw>In*hab"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inhabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inhabile</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Habile</er>, and cf. <er>Unable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not apt or fit; unfit; not convenient; inappropriate; unsuitable; <as>as, <ex>inhabile</ex> matter</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unskilled; unready; awkward; incompetent; unqualified; -- said of person. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Unable</er>.</def>

<h1>Inhability</h1>
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<hw>In`ha*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inhabilet\'82</ets>, <ets>inhabilit\'82</ets>. See <er>Inability</er>.]</ety> <def>Unsuitableness; unaptness; unfitness; inability.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Inhabit</h1>
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<hw>In*hab"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inhabited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inhabiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>enhabiten</ets>, OF. <ets>enhabiter</ets>, L. <ets>inhabitare</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>habitare</ets> to dwell. See <er>Habit</er>.]</ety> <def>To live or dwell in; to occupy, as a place of settled residence; <as>as, wild beasts <ex>inhabit</ex> the forest; men <ex>inhabit</ex> cities and houses.</as></def>

<blockquote>The high and lofty One, that <b>inhabiteth</b> eternity.
<i>Is. lvii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O, who would <b>inhabit</b>
This bleak world alone?
<i>Moore.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inhabit</h1>
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<hw>In*hab"it</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To have residence in a place; to dwell; to live; to abide.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>They say wild beasts <b>inhabit</b> here.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inhabitable</h1>
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<hw>In*hab"it*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inhabitabilis</ets>. See <er>Inhabit</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being inhabited; habitable.</def>

<blockquote>Systems of <b>inhabitable</b> planets.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inhabitable</h1>
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<hw>In*hab"it*a*ble</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inhabitabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inhabitable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Habitable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not habitable; not suitable to be inhabited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The frozen ridges of the Alps
Or other ground <b>inhabitable</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inhabitance, Inhabitancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>In*hab"it*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*hab"it*an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inhabiting, or the state of being inhabited; the condition of an inhabitant; residence; occupancy.</def>

<blockquote>Ruins yet resting in the wild moors testify a former <b>inhabitance</b>.
<i>Carew.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The state of having legal right to claim the privileges of a recognized inhabitant; especially, the right to support in case of poverty, acquired by residence in a town; habitancy.</def>

<h1>Inhabitant</h1>
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<hw>In*hab"it*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inhabitans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>inhabitare</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who dwells or resides permanently in a place, as distinguished from a transient lodger or visitor; <as>as, an <ex>inhabitant</ex> of a house, a town, a city, county, or state</as>.</def> "Frail <i>inhabitants</i> of earth."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>In this place, they report that they saw <b>inhabitants</b> which were very fair and fat people.
<i>Abp. Abbot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who has a legal settlement in a town, city, or parish; a permanent resident.</def>

<h1>Inhabitate</h1>
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<hw>In*hab"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inhabit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inhabitation</h1>
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<hw>In*hab`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inhabitatio</ets> a dwelling.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inhabiting, or the state of being inhabited; indwelling.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>inhabitation</b> of the Holy Ghost.
<i>Bp. Pearson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Abode; place of dwelling; residence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Population; inhabitants.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<blockquote>The beginning of nations and of the world's <b>inhabitation</b>.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inhabitativeness</h1>
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<hw>In*hab"it*a*tive*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Phrenol.)</fld> <def>A tendency or propensity to permanent residence in a place or abode; love of home and country.</def>

<h1>Inhabited</h1>
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<hw>In*hab"it*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Uninhabited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Brathwait.</i>

<h1>Inhabiter</h1>
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<hw>In*hab"it*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inhabitant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Inhabitiveness</h1>
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<hw>In*hab"it*ive*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Phrenol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Inhabitativeness</er>.</def>

<blockquote>What the phrenologists call <b>inhabitiveness</b>.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inhabitress</h1>
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<hw>In*hab"it*ress</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female inhabitant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Inhalant</h1>
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<hw>In*hal"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inhalant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Inhaling; used for inhaling.</def>

<h1>Inhalant</h1>
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<hw>In*hal"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An apparatus also called an <i>inhaler</i> (which see); that which is to be inhaled.</def>

<h1>Inhalation</h1>
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<hw>In`ha*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inhalation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of inhaling; also, that which is inhaled.</def>

<h1>Inhale</h1>
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<hw>In*hale"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inhaled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inhaling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>inhalare</ets> to breathe upon; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>halare</ets> to breathe: cf. F. <ets>inhaler</ets>. Cf. <er>Exhale</er>.]</ety> <def>To breathe or draw into the lungs; to inspire; <as>as, to <ex>inhale</ex> air</as>; -- opposed to <contr>exhale</contr>.</def>

<blockquote>Martin was walking forth to <b>inhale</b> the fresh breeze of the evening.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inhalent</h1>
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<hw>In*hal"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Used for inhaling; <as>as, the <ex>inhalent</ex> end of a duct</as>.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Inhaler</h1>
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<hw>In*hal"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who inhales.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An apparatus for inhaling any vapor or volatile substance, as ether or chloroform, for medicinal purposes.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A contrivance to filter, as air, in order to protect the lungs from inhaling damp or cold air, noxious gases, dust, etc.; also, the respiratory apparatus for divers.</def>

<h1>Inhance</h1>
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<hw>In*hance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Enhance</er>.</def>

<h1>Inharmonic, Inharmonical</h1>
<Xpage=763>

<hw><hw>In`har*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`har*mon"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not harmonic; inharmonious; discordant; dissonant.</def>

<h1>Inharmonious</h1>
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<hw>In`har*mo"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>harmonious</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inharmonieux</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not harmonious; unmusical; discordant; dissonant.</def>

<blockquote>Sounds <b>inharmonious</b> in themselves and harsh.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conflicting; jarring; not in harmony.</def>

<h1>Inharmoniously</h1>
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<hw>In`har*mo"ni*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without harmony.</def>

<h1>Inharmoniousness</h1>
<Xpage=763>

<hw>In`har*mo"ni*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being inharmonious; want of harmony; discord.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>inharmoniousness</b> of a verse.
<i>A. Tucker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inharmony</h1>
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<hw>In*har"mo*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of harmony.</def>

<h1>Inhaul, Inhauler</h1>
<Xpage=763>

<hw><hw>In"haul`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In"haul`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope used to draw in the jib boom, or flying jib boom.</def>

<h1>Inhearse</h1>
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<hw>In*hearse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inhearsed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inhearsing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put in, or as in, a hearse or coffin.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Inhere</h1>
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<hw>In*here"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inhered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inhering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>inhaerere</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>haerere</ets> to stick, hang. See <er>Hesitate</er>.]</ety> <def>To be inherent; to stick (<i>in</i>); to be fixed or permanently incorporated with something; to cleave (<i>to</i>); to belong, as attributes or qualities.</def>

<blockquote>They do but <b>inhere</b> in the subject that supports them.
<i>Digby.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inherence, Inherency</h1>
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<hw><hw>In*her"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*her"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inh\'82rence</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of inhering; permanent existence in something; innateness; inseparable and essential connection.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Inherent</h1>
<Xpage=763>

<hw>In*her"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inhaerens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>inhaerere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inh\'82rent</ets>. See <er>Inhere</er>.]</ety> <def>Permanently existing in something; inseparably attached or connected; naturally pertaining to; innate; inalienable; <as>as, polarity is an <ex>inherent</ex> quality of the magnet; the <ex>inherent</ex> right of men to life, liberty, and protection.</as></def> "A most <i>inherent</i> baseness."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The sore disease which seems <b>inherent</b> in civilization.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Innate; inborn; native; natural; inbred; inwrought; inseparable; essential; indispensable.</syn>

<h1>Inherently</h1>
<Xpage=763>

<hw>In*her"ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By inherence; inseparably.</def>

<blockquote>Matter hath <b>inherently</b> and essentially such an internal energy.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inherit</h1>
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<hw>In*her"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inherited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inheriting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>enheriten</ets> to inherit, to give a heritage to, OF. <ets>enheriter</ets> to appoint as an heir, L. <ets>inhereditare</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>hereditare</ets> to inherit, fr. <ets>heres</ets> heir. See <er>Heir</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To take by descent from an ancestor; to take by inheritance; to take as heir on the death of an ancestor or other person to whose estate one succeeds; to receive as a right or title descendible by law from an ancestor at his decease; <as>as, the heir <ex>inherits</ex> the land or real estate of his father; the eldest son of a nobleman <ex>inherits</ex> his father's title; the eldest son of a king <ex>inherits</ex> the crown.</as></def>

<hr>
<page="764">
Page 764<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To receive or take by birth; to have by nature; to derive or acquire from ancestors, as mental or physical qualities; <as>as, he <ex>inherits</ex> a strong constitution, a tendency to disease, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Prince Harry is valiant; for the cold blood he did naturally <b>inherit</b> of his father he hath . . . manured . . . with good store of fertile sherris.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To come into possession of; to possess; to own; to enjoy as a possession.</def>

<blockquote>But the meek shall <b>inherit</b> the earth.
<i>Ps. xxxvii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To bury so much gold under a tree,
And never after to <b>inherit</b> it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To put in possession of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Inherit</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*her"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take or hold a possession, property, estate, or rights by inheritance.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt not <b>inherit</b> our father's house.
<i>Judg. xi. 2.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inheritability</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*her`it*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being inheritable or descendible to heirs.</def>

<i>Jefferson.</i>

<h1>Inheritable</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*her"it*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being inherited; transmissible or descendible; <as>as, an <ex>inheritable</ex> estate or title</as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being transmitted from parent to child; <as>as, <ex>inheritable</ex> qualities or infirmities</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>enheritable</ets>, <ets>inheritable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of taking by inheritance, or of receiving by descent; capable of succeeding to, as an heir.</def>

<blockquote>By attainder . . . the blood of the person attainted is so corrupted as to be rendered no longer <b>inheritable</b>.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The eldest daughter of the king is also alone <b>inheritable</b> to the crown on failure of issue male.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Inheritable blood</col>, <cd>blood or relationship by which a person becomes qualified to be an heir, or to transmit possessions by inheritance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inheritably</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*her"it*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By inheritance.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Inheritance</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*her"it*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>enheritance</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of inheriting; <as>as, the <ex>inheritance</ex> of an estate; the <ex>inheritance</ex> of mental or physical qualities.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is or may be inherited; that which is derived by an heir from an ancestor or other person; a heritage; a possession which passes by descent.</def>

<blockquote>When the man dies, let the <b>inheritance</b>
Descend unto the daughter.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A permanent or valuable possession or blessing, esp. one received by gift or without purchase; a benefaction.</def>

<blockquote>To an <b>inheritance</b> incorruptible, and undefiled, and that fadeth not away.
<i>1 Pet. i. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Possession; ownership; acquisition.</def> "The <i>inheritance</i> of their loves."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>To you th' <b>inheritance</b> belongs by right
Of brother's praise; to you eke <?/longs his love.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Transmission and reception by animal or plant generation.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A perpetual or continuing right which a man and his heirs have to an estate; an estate which a man has by descent as heir to another, or which he may transmit to another as his heir; an estate derived from an ancestor to an heir in course of law.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<note>&hand; The word <i>inheritance</i> (used simply) is mostly confined to the title to land and tenements by a descent.</note>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<blockquote>Men are not proprietors of what they have, merely for themselves; their children have a title to part of it which comes to be wholly theirs when death has put an end to their parents' use of it; and this we call <b>inheritance</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inheritor</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*her"it*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who inherits; an heir.</def>

<blockquote>Born <b>inheritors</b> of the dignity.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inheritress</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*her"it*ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A heiress.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Inheritrix</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*her"it*rix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Inheritress</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Inherse</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*herse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Inhearse</er>.</def>

<h1>Inhesion</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*he"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inhaesio</ets>. See <er>Inhere</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of existing, of being inherent, in something; inherence.</def>

<i>A. Baxter.</i>

<blockquote>Constant <b>inhesion</b> and habitual abode.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inhiation</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In`hi*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inhiatio</ets>, fr. <ets>inhiare</ets> to gape; pref. <ets>in-</ets> + <ets>hiare</ets> to gape.]</ety> <def>A gaping after; eager desire; craving.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Inhibit</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*hib"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inhibited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inhibiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>inhibitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inhibere</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>habere</ets> to have, hold. See <er>Habit</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To check; to hold back; to restrain; to hinder.</def>

<blockquote>Their motions also are excited or <b>inhibited</b> . . . by the objects without them.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To forbid; to prohibit; to interdict.</def>

<blockquote>All men were <b>inhibited</b>, by proclamation, at the dissolution, so much as to mention a Parliament.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Burial may not be <b>inhibited</b> or denied to any one.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inhibition</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In`hi*bi"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inhibitio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inhibition</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inhibiting, or the state of being inhibited; restraint; prohibition; embargo.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A stopping or checking of an already present action; a restraining of the function of an organ, or an agent, as a digestive fluid or ferment, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>inhibition</ex> of the respiratory center by the pneumogastric nerve; the <ex>inhibition</ex> of reflexes, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ from a higher court forbidding an inferior judge from further proceedings in a cause before; esp., a writ issuing from a higher ecclesiastical court to an inferior one, on appeal.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Inhibitor</h1>
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<hw>In*hib"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>That which causes inhibitory action; esp., an inhibitory nerve.</def>

<h1>Inhibitory</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*hib"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>inhibitorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inhibitoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to, or producing, inhibition; consisting in inhibition; tending or serving to inhibit; <as>as, the <ex>inhibitory</ex> action of the pneumogastric on the respiratory center</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I would not have you consider these criticisms as <b>inhibitory</b>.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Inhibitory nerves</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>those nerves which modify, inhibit, or suppress a motor or secretory act already in progress.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inhibitory-motor</h1>
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<hw>In*hib"i*to*ry-mo"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A term applied to certain nerve centers which govern or restrain subsidiary centers, from which motor impressions issue.</def>

<i>McKendrick.</i>

<h1>Inhive</h1>
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<hw>In*hive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To place in a hive; to hive.</def>

<h1>Inhold</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*hold"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inheld</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inholding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To have inherent; to contain in itself; to possess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Inholder</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*hold"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inhabitant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Inhoop</h1>
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<hw>In*hoop"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inclose in a hoop, or as in a hoop.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Inhospitable</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*hos"pi*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>hospitable</ets>: cf. L. <ets>inhospitalis</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not hospitable; not disposed to show hospitality to strangers or guests; <as>as, an <ex>inhospitable</ex> person or people</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Have you no touch of pity, that the poor
Stand starved at your <b>inhospitable</b> door?
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affording no shelter or sustenance; barren; desert; bleak; cheerless; wild.</def> "<i>Inhospitable</i> wastes."

<i>Blair.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*hos"pi*ta*ble*mess</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In*hos"pi*ta*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inhospitality</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*hos`pi*tal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inhospitalitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inhospitalit\'82</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Hospitality</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being inhospitable; inhospitableness; lack of hospitality.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Inhuman</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*hu"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inhumanus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inhumain</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Human</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of the kindness and tenderness that belong to a human being; cruel; barbarous; savage; unfeeling; <as>as, an <ex>inhuman</ex> person or people</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by, or attended with, cruelty; <as>as, an <ex>inhuman</ex> act or punishment</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Cruel; unfeeling; pitiless; merciless; savage; barbarous; brutal; ferocious; ruthless; fiendish.</syn>

<h1>Inhumanity</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In`hu*man"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Inhumanities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>inhumanitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inhumanit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being inhuman; cruelty; barbarity.</def>

<blockquote>Man's <b>inhumanity</b> to man
Makes countless thousands mourn.
<i>Burns.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inhumanly</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*hu"man*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inhuman manner; cruelly; barbarously.</def>

<h1>Inhumate</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*hu"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inhumatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inhumare</ets> to inhume; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>humare</ets> to cover with earth. See <er>Humation</er>, and cf. <er>Inhume</er>.]</ety> <def>To inhume; to bury; to inter.</def>

<i>Hedge.</i>

<h1>Inhumation</h1>
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<hw>In`hu*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inhumation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inhuming or burying; interment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>The act of burying vessels in warm earth in order to expose their contents to a steady moderate heat; the state of being thus exposed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Arenation.</def>

<h1>Inhume</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*hume"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inhumed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inhuming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inhumer</ets>. See <er>Inhumate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To deposit, as a dead body, in the earth; to bury; to inter.</def>

<blockquote>Weeping they bear the mangled heaps of slain,
<b>Inhume</b> the natives in their native plain.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bury or place in warm earth for chemical or medicinal purposes.</def>

<h1>Inia</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American freshwater dolphin (<spn>Inia Boliviensis</spn>). It is ten or twelve feet long, and has a hairy snout.</def>

<h1>Inial</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the inion.</def>

<h1>Inimaginable</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In`im*ag"i*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unimaginable; inconceivable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Inimical</h1>
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<hw>In*im"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inimicalis</ets>, fr. <ets>inimicus</ets> unfriendly, hostile; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>amicus</ets> friendly. See <er>Amity</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the disposition or temper of an enemy; unfriendly; unfavorable; -- chiefly applied to <i>private</i>, as <i>hostile</i> is to <i>public</i>, enmity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Opposed in tendency, influence, or effects; antagonistic; inconsistent; incompatible; adverse; repugnant.</def>

<blockquote>We are at war with a system, which, by its essence, is <b>inimical</b> to all other governments.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inimicality</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*im`i*cal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being inimical or hostile; hostility; unfriendliness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Inimically</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*im"i*cal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inimical manner.</def>

<h1>Inimicitious</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*im`i*ci"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inimicitia</ets> enmity. See <er>Inimical</er>.]</ety> <def>Inimical; unfriendly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Inimicous</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*im"i*cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inimicus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Inimical; hurtful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Inimitability</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*im`i*ta*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being inimitable; inimitableness.</def>

<i>Norris.</i>

<h1>Inimitable</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*im"i*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inimitabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inimitable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Imitable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not capable of being imitated, copied, or counterfeited; beyond imitation; surpassingly excellent; matchless; unrivaled; exceptional; unique; <as>as, an <ex>inimitable</ex> style; <ex>inimitable</ex> eloquence.</as></def> "<i>Inimitable</i> force."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Performing such <b>inimitable</b> feats.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*im"i*ta*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In*im"i*ta*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inion</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In"i*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>'ini`on</grk> the back of the head.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The external occipital protuberance of the skull.</def>

<h1>Iniquitous</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*iq"ui*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Iniquity</er>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by iniquity; unjust; wicked; <as>as, an <ex>iniquitous</ex> bargain; an <ex>iniquitous</ex> proceeding.</as></def>

<blockquote>Demagogues . . . bribed to this <b>iniquitous</b> service.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Wicked; wrong; unjust; unrighteous; nefarious; criminal.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Iniquitous</er>, <er>Wicked</er>, <er>Nefarious</er>. <i>Wicked</i> is the generic term. <i>Iniquitous</i> is stronger, denoting a violation of the rights of others, usually by fraud or circumvention. <i>Nefarious</i> is still stronger, implying a breach of the most sacred obligations, and points more directly to the intrinsic badness of the deed.</usage>

<h1>Iniquitously</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*iq"ui*tous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an iniquitous manner; unjustly; wickedly.</def>

<h1>Iniquity</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*iq"ui*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Iniquities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>iniquitee</ets>, F. <ets>iniquit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>iniquitas</ets>, inequality, unfairness, injustice. See <er>Iniquous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Absence of, or deviation from, just dealing; want of rectitude or uprightness; gross injustice; unrighteousness; wickedness; <as>as, the <ex>iniquity</ex> of bribery; the <ex>iniquity</ex> of an unjust judge.</as></def>

<blockquote>Till the world from his perfection fell
Into all filth and foul <b>iniquity</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An iniquitous act or thing; a deed of injustice o<?/ unrighteousness; a sin; a crime.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Your <b>iniquities</b> have separated between you and your God.
<i>Is. lix. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A character or personification in the old English moralities, or moral dramas, having the name sometimes of one vice and sometimes of another. See <er>Vice</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Acts old <b>Iniquity</b>, and in the fit
Of miming gets the opinion of a wit.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Iniquous</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*i"quous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>iniquus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>aequus</ets>. See <er>Equal</er>.]</ety> <def>Iniquitous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Inirritable</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*ir"ri*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>irritable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inirritable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not irritable; esp. <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, incapable of being stimulated to action, as a muscle.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In*ir`ri*ta*bil"i*ty</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inirritative</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*ir"ri*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not accompanied with excitement; <as>as, an <ex>inirritative</ex> fever</as>.</def>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Inisle</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*isle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Enisled</er>.]</ety> <def>To form into an island; to surround.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Initial</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*i"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>initialis</ets>, from <ets>initium</ets> a going in, entrance, beginning, fr. <ets>inire</ets> to go into, to enter, begin; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>ire</ets> to go: cf. F. <ets>initial</ets>. See <er>Issue</er>, and cf. <er>Commence</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the beginning; marking the commencement; incipient; commencing; <as>as, the <ex>initial</ex> symptoms of a disease</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Placed at the beginning; standing at the head, as of a list or series; <as>as, the <ex>initial</ex> letters of a name</as>.</def>

<h1>Initial</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*i"tial</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The first letter of a word or a name.</def>

<h1>Initial</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*i"tial</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Initialed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Initialing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put an initial to; to mark with an initial of initials.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Initially</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*i"tial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an initial or incipient manner or degree; at the beginning.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Initiate</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*i"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Initiated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Initiating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>initiatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>initiare</ets> to begin, fr. <ets>initium</ets> beginning. See <er>Initial</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To introduce by a first act; to make a beginning with; to set afoot; to originate; to commence; to begin or enter upon.</def>

<blockquote>How are changes of this sort to be <b>initiated</b>?
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To acquaint with the beginnings; to instruct in the rudiments or principles; to introduce.</def>

<blockquote>Providence would only <b>initiate</b> mankind into the useful knowledge of her treasures, leaving the rest to employ our industry.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>initiate</b> his pupil into any part of learning, an ordinary skill in the governor is enough.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To introduce into a society or organization; to confer membership on; especially, to admit to a secret order with mysterious rites or ceremonies.</def>

<blockquote>The Athenians believed that he who was <b>initiated</b> and instructed in the mysteries would obtain celestial honor after death.
<i>Bp. Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He was <b>initiated</b> into half a dozen clubs before he was one and twenty.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Initiate</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*i"ti*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To do the first act; to perform the first rite; to take the initiative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Initiate</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*i"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>initiatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Unpracticed; untried; new.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>initiate</i> fear that wants hard use."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Begun; commenced; introduced to, or instructed in, the rudiments; newly admitted.</def>

<blockquote>To rise in science as in bliss,
<b>Initiate</b> in the secrets of the skies.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Initiate tenant by courtesy</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>said of a husband who becomes such in his wife's estate of inheritance by the birth of a child, but whose estate is not consummated till the death of the wife.</cd></cs>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Initiate</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*i"ti*ate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is, or is to be, initiated.</def>

<h1>Initiation</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*i`ti*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>initiatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>initiation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of initiating, or the process of being initiated or introduced; <as>as, <ex>initiation</ex> into a society, into business, literature, etc.</as></def> "The <i>initiation</i> of coursers of events."

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The form or ceremony by which a person is introduced into any society; mode of entrance into an organized body; especially, the rite of admission into a secret society or order.</def>

<blockquote>Silence is the first thing that is taught us at our <b>initiation</b> into sacred mysteries.
<i>Broome.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Initiative</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*i"ti*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>initiatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to initiate; inceptive; initiatory; introductory; preliminary.</def>

<h1>Initiative</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*i"ti*a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>initiative</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An introductory step or movement; an act which originates or begins.</def>

<blockquote>The undeveloped <b>initiatives</b> of good things to come.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The right or power to introduce a new measure or course of action, as in legislation; <as>as, the <ex>initiative</ex> in respect to revenue bills is in the House of Representatives</as>.</def>

<h1>Initiator</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*i"ti*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who initiates.</def>

<h1>Initiatory</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*i"ti*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Suitable for an introduction or beginning; introductory; prefatory; <as>as, an <ex>initiatory</ex> step</as>.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tending or serving to initiate; introducing by instruction, or by the use and application of symbols or ceremonies; elementary; rudimentary.</def>

<blockquote>Some <b>initiatory</b> treatises in the law.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Two <b>initiatory</b> rites of the same general import can not exist together.
<i>J. M. Mason.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Initiatory</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*i"ti*a*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An introductory act or rite.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Inition</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*i"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>inition</ets>. See <er>Initial</er>.]</ety> <def>Initiation; beginning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir R. Naunton.</i>

<h1>Inject</h1>
<Xpage=764>

<hw>In*ject"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Injected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Injecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>injectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inicere</ets>, <ets>injicere</ets>, to throw in; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>jacere</ets> to throw: cf. F. <ets>injecter</ets>. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting forth.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw in; to dart in; to force in; <as>as, to <ex>inject</ex> cold water into a condenser; to <ex>inject</ex> a medicinal liquid into a cavity of the body; to <ex>inject</ex> morphine with a hypodermic syringe.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To throw; to offer; to propose; to instill.</def>

<blockquote>C\'91sar also, then hatching tyranny, <b>injected</b> the same scrupulous demurs.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cast or throw; -- with <i>on</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>And mound <b>inject</b> on mound.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="765">
Page 765<p>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>To fill (a vessel, cavity, or tissue) with a fluid or other substance; <as>as, to <ex>inject</ex> the blood vessels</as>.</def>

<h1>Injection</h1>
<Xpage=765>

<hw>In*jec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>injectio</ets> : cf.F. <ets>injection</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of injecting or throwing in; -- applied particularly to the forcible throwing in of a liquid, or a\'89riform body, by means of a syringe, pump, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is injected; especially, a liquid medicine thrown into a cavity of the body by a syringe or pipe; a clyster; an enema.</def>

<i>Mayne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act or process of filling vessels, cavities, or tissues with a fluid or other substance.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A specimen prepared by injection.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Steam Eng.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of throwing cold water into a condenser to produce a vacuum.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cold water thrown into a condenser.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Injection cock</col>, &or; <col>Injection valve</col></mcol> <fld>(Steam Eng.)</fld>, <cd>the cock or valve through which cold water is admitted into a condenser.</cd> -- <col>Injection condenser</col>. <cd>See under <er>Condenser</er>.</cd> -- <col>Injection pipe</col>, <cd>the pipe through which cold water is through into the condenser of a steam engine.</cd></cs>

<h1>Injector</h1>
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<hw>In*ject"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, injects.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A contrivance for forcing feed water into a steam boiler by the direct action of the steam upon the water. The water is driven into the boiler by the impulse of a jet of the steam which becomes condensed as soon as it strikes the stream of cold water it impels; -- also called <altname>Giffard's injector</altname>, from the inventor.</def>

<-- fuel injector -- a device for actively injecting fuel into an internal combustion engine -->

<h1>Injelly</h1>
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<hw>In*jel"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To place in jelly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Injoin</h1>
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<hw>In*join"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Obs</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Enjoin</er>.</def>

<h1>Injoint</h1>
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<hw>In*joint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>joint</ets>.]</ety> <def>To join; to unite.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Injoint</h1>
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<hw>In*joint</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>joint</ets>.]</ety> <def>To disjoint; to separate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Injucundity</h1>
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<hw>In`ju*cun"di*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>injucunditas</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Jocund</er>.]</ety> <def>Unpleassantness; disagreeableness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Injudicable</h1>
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<hw>In*ju"di*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not cognizable by a judge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Injudicial</h1>
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<hw>In`ju*di"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not according to the forms of law; not judicial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Injudicious</h1>
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<hw>In`ju*di"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>judicious</ets>; cf. F. <ets>injudicieux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not judicious; wanting in sound judgment; undiscerning; indiscreet; unwise; <as>as, an <ex>injudicious</ex> adviser</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>injudicious</b> biographer who undertook to be his
editor and the protector of his memory.
<i>A. Murphy.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not according to sound judgment or discretion; unwise; <as>as, an <ex>injudicious</ex> measure</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Indiscreet; inconsiderate; undiscerning; incautious; unwise; rash; hasty; imprudent.</syn>

<h1>Injudiciously</h1>
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<hw>In`ju*di"cious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an injudicious manner.</def>

<h1>Injudiciousness</h1>
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<hw>In`ju*di"cious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being injudicious; want of sound judgment; indiscretion.</def>

<i>Whitlock.</i>

<h1>Injunction</h1>
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<hw>In*junc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>injunctio</ets>, fr. <ets>injungere</ets>, <ets>injunctum</ets>, to join into, to enjoin. See <er>Enjoin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of enjoining; the act of directing, commanding, or prohibiting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is enjoined; an order; a mandate; a decree; a command; a precept; a direction.</def>

<blockquote>For still they knew,and ought to have still remembered,
The high <b>injunction</b>,not to taste that fruit.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Necessary as the <b>injunctions</b> of lawful authority.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ or process, granted by a court of equity, and, insome cases, under statutes, by a court of law,whereby a party is required to do or to refrain from doing certain acts, according to the exigency of the writ.</def>

<note>&hand; It is more generally used as a preventive than as a restorative process, although by no means confined to the former.</note>

<i>Wharton. Daniell. Story.</i>

<h1>Injure</h1>
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<hw>In"jure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Injured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Injuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>injuriari</ets>, fr. <ets>injuria</ets> injury, perh. through F. <ets>injurier</ets> to insult, in OF. also, to injure; or perhaps fr. E. <ets>injury</ets>, or F. <ets>injure</ets> injury. See <er>Injury</er>.]</ety> <def>To do harm to; to impair the excellence and value of; to hurt; to damage; -- used in a variety of senses; as: <sd>(a)</sd> To hurt or wound, as the person; to impair soundness, as of health. <sd>(b)</sd> To damage or lessen the value of, as goods or estate. <sd>(c)</sd> To slander, tarnish, or impair, as reputation or character. <sd>(d)</sd> To impair or diminish, as happiness or virtue. <sd>(e)</sd> To give pain to, as the sensibilities or the feelings; to grieve; to annoy. <sd>(f)</sd> To impair, as the intellect or mind.</def>

<blockquote>When have I <b>injured</b> thee? when done thee wrong?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To damage; mar; spoil; harm; sully; wrong; maltreat; abuse; insult; affront; dishonor.</syn>

<h1>Injurer</h1>
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<hw>In"jur*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who injures or wrongs.</def>

<h1>Injuria</h1>
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<hw>In*ju"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Injurie</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Injury; invasion of another's rights.</def>

<h1>Injurious</h1>
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<hw>In*ju"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>injuriousus</ets>, injurius; cf. F. <ets>injurieux</ets>. See <er>Injury</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not just; wrongful; iniquitous; culpable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Till the <b>injurious</b> Roman did extort
This tribute from us, we were free.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing injury or harm; hurtful; harmful; detrimental; mischievous; <as>as, acts <ex>injurious</ex> to health, credit, reputation, property, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Without being <b>injurious</b> to the memory of our English Pindar.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Harmful; hurtful; pernicious; mischievous; baneful; deleterious; noxious; ruinous; detrimental.</syn>

<h1>Injuriously</h1>
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<hw>In*ju"ri*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an injurious or hurtful manner; wrongfully; hurtfully; mischievously.</def>

<h1>Injuriousness</h1>
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<hw>In*ju"ri*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being injurious or hurtful; harmfulness; injury.</def>

<h1>Injury</h1>
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<hw>In"ju*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Injuries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>injurie</ets>, L. <ets>injuria</ets>, fr. <ets>injurius</ets> injurious, wrongful, unjust; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>jus</ets>,<ets>juris</ets>, right,law,justice: cf. F. <ets>injure</ets>. See <er>Just</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Any damage or violation of, the person, character, feelings, rights, property, or interests of an individual; that which injures, or occasions wrong, loss, damage, or detriment; harm; hurt; loss; mischief; wrong; evil; <as>as, his health was impaired by a severe <ex>injury</ex>; slander is an <ex>injury</ex> to the character.</as></def>

<blockquote>For he that doeth <b>injury</b> shall receve that he did evil.
<i>Wyclif(Col. iii. 25).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Many times we do <b>injury</b> to a cause by dwelling on trifling arguments.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Riot ascends above their loftiest towers,
And <b>injury</b> and outrage.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Injury</i> in morals and jurisprudence is the intentional doing of wrong.</note>

<i>Fleming.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Harm; hurt; damage; loss; impairment; detriment; wrong; evil; injustice.</syn>

<h1>Injustice</h1>
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<hw>In*jus"tice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>injustice</ets>, L. <ets>injustitia</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Justice</er>, and cf. <er>Unjust</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of justice and equity; violation of the rights of another or others; iniquity; wrong; unfairness; imposition.</def>

<blockquote>If this people [the Athenians] resembled Nero in their extravagance, much more did they resemble and even exceed him in cruelty and <b>injustice</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An unjust act or deed; a sin; a crime; a wrong.</def>

<blockquote>Cunning men can be guilty of a thousand <b>injustices</b> without being discovered, or at least without being punished.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ink</h1>
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<hw>Ink</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The step, or socket, in which the lower end of a millstone spindle runs.</def>

<h1>Ink</h1>
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<hw>Ink</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>enke</ets>, <ets>inke</ets>, OF. <ets>enque</ets>, F. <ets>encre</ets>, L. <ets>encaustum</ets> the purple red ink with which the Roman emperors signed their edicts, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ burnt in, encaustic, fr. <?/ to burn in. See <er>Encaustic</er>, <er>Caustic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fluid, or a viscous material or preparation of various kinds (commonly black or colored), used in writing or printing.</def>

<blockquote>Make there a prick with <b>ink</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Deformed monsters, foul and black as <b>ink</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pigment. See <cref>India ink</cref>, under <er>India</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; Ordinarily, <i>black</i> ink is made from nutgalls and a solution of some salt of iron, and consists essentially of a tannate or gallate of iron; sometimes indigo sulphate, or other coloring matter,is added. Other black inks contain potassium chromate, and extract of logwood, salts of vanadium, etc. <i>Blue</i> ink is usually a solution of Prussian blue. <i>Red</i> ink was formerly made from carmine (cochineal), Brazil wood, etc., but potassium eosin is now used. Also red, blue, violet, and yellow inks are largely made from aniline dyes. <i>Indelible</i> ink is usually a weak solution of silver nitrate, but carbon in the form of lampblack or India ink, salts of molybdenum, vanadium, etc., are also used. <i>Sympathetic</i> inks may be made of milk, salts of cobalt, etc. See <cref>Sympathetic ink</cref> (below).</note>

<cs><col>Copying ink</col>, <cd>a peculiar ink used for writings of which copies by impression are to be taken.</cd> -- <col>Ink bag</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an ink sac.</cd> -- <col>Ink berry</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A shrub of the Holly family (<spn>Ilex glabra</spn>), found in sandy grounds along the coast from New England to Florida, and producing a small black berry.  <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The West Indian indigo berry. See <er>Indigo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ink plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a New Zealand shrub (<spn>Coriaria thumifolia</spn>), the berries of which uield a juice which forms an ink.</cd> -- <col>Ink powder</col>, <cd>a powder from which ink is made by solution.</cd> -- <col>Ink sac</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an organ, found in most cephalopods, containing an inky fluid which can be ejected from a duct opening at the base of the siphon. The fluid serves to cloud the water, and enable these animals to escape from their enemies. See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Dibranchiata</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Printer's ink</col>, &or; <col>Printing ink</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Printing</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sympathetic ink</col>, <cd>a writing fluid of such a nature that what is written remains invisible till the action of a reagent on the characters makes it visible.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ink</h1>
<Xpage=765>

<hw>Ink</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inked</er> <tt>(?nkt)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put ink upon; to supply with ink; to blacken, color, or daub with ink.</def>

<h1>Inker</h1>
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<hw>Ink"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, inks; especially, in printing, the pad or roller which inks the type.</def>

<h1>Inkfish</h1>
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<hw>Ink"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cuttlefish. See <er>Cuttlefish</er>.</def>

<h1>Inkhorn</h1>
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<hw>Ink"horn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Ink</ets> + <ets>horn</ets>; cf. F. <ets>cornet \'85 encre</ets>, G. <ets>dintenhorn</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small bottle of horn or other material formerly used for holding ink; an inkstand; a portable case for writing materials.</def> "With a writer's <i>inkhorn</i> by his side."

<i>Ezek. ix. 2.</i>

<blockquote>From his pocket the notary drew his papers and <b>inkhorn</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inkhorn</h1>
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<hw>Ink"horn"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Learned; pedantic; affected.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Inkhorn</i> terms."

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Inkhornism</h1>
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<hw>Ink"horn`ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pedantry.</def>

<i>Sir T. Wilson.</i>

<h1>Inkiness</h1>
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<hw>Ink"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Inky</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being inky; blackness.</def>

<h1>Inking</h1>
<Xpage=765>

<hw>Ink"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Supplying or covering with ink.</def>

<cs><col>Inking roller</col>, <cd>a somewhat elastic roller,used to spread ink over forms of type, copperplates, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Inking trough</col> &or; <col>table</col></mcol>, <cd>a trough or table from which the inking roller receives its ink.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inkle</h1>
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<hw>In"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob.the same word as <ets>lingle</ets>, the first <ets>l</ets> being mistaken for the definite article in French. See <er>Lingle</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of tape or braid.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Inkle</h1>
<Xpage=765>

<hw>In"kle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>inklen</ets> to hint; cf. Dan. <ets>ymte</ets> to whisper.]</ety> <def>To guess.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> "She <i>inkled</i> what it was."

<i>R. D. Blackmore.</i>

<h1>Inkling</h1>
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<hw>In"kling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hint; an intimation.</def>

<blockquote>The least <b>inkling</b> or glimpse of this island.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They had some <b>inkling</b> of secret messages.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inknee</h1>
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<hw>In"knee`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Knock-knee</er>.</def>

<h1>Inkneed</h1>
<Xpage=765>

<hw>In"kneed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Knock-kneed</er>.</def>

<h1>Inknot</h1>
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<hw>In*knot"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fasten or bind, as with a knot; to knot together.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Inkstand</h1>
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<hw>Ink"stand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small vessel for holding ink, to dip the pen into; also, a device for holding ink and writing materials.</def>

<h1>Inkstone</h1>
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<hw>Ink"stone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of stone containing native vitriol or subphate of iron, used in making ink.</def>

<h1>Inky</h1>
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<hw>Ink"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, or resembling, ink; soiled with ink; black.</def> "<i>Inky</i> blots." <i>Shak.</i> "Its <i>inky</i> blackness." <i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Inlace</h1>
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<hw>In*lace"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inlaced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inlacing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> + <ets>lace</ets>: cf. OE. <ets>enlacen</ets> to entangle, involve, OF. <ets>enlacier</ets>, F. <ets>enlacer</ets>. See <er>Lace</er>, and cf. <er>Enlace</er>.]</ety> <def>To work in, as lace; to embellish with work resembling lace; also, to lace or enlace.</def>

<i>P. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Inlagation</h1>
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<hw>In"la*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Law L. <ets>inlagatio</ets>, fr. <ets>inlagare</ets> to restore to law. See <er>In</er>, and <er>Law</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The restitution of an outlawed person to the protection of the law; inlawing.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Inlaid</h1>
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<hw>In*laid"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Inlay</er>.</def>

<h1>Inland</h1>
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<hw>In"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Within the land; more or less remote from the ocean or from open water; interior; <as>as, an <ex>inland</ex> town</as>.</def> "This wide <i>inland</i> sea."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>From <b>inland</b> regions to the distant main.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Limited to the land, or to inland routes; within the seashore boundary; not passing on, or over, the sea; <as>as, <ex>inland</ex> transportation, commerce, navigation, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Confined to a country or state; domestic; not foreing; <as>as, an <ex>inland</ex> bill of exchange</as>. See <er>Exchange</er>.</def>

<h1>Inland</h1>
<Xpage=765>

<hw>In"land</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The interior part of a country.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Inland</h1>
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<hw>In"land</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Into, or towards, the interior, away from the coast.</def>

<i>Cook.</i>

<blockquote>The greatest waves of population have rolled <b>inland</b> from the east.
<i>S. Turner.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inlander</h1>
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<hw>In"land*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lives in the interior of a country, or at a distance from the sea.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Inlandish</h1>
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<hw>In"land*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inland.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Reeve(1657)</i>

<h1>Inlapidate</h1>
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<hw>In*lap"i*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + L. <ets>lapis</ets>, <ets>lapidis</ets>, stone.]</ety> <def>To convert into a stony substance; to petrity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Inlard</h1>
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<hw>In*lard"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Inlard</er>.</def>

<h1>Inlaw</h1>
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<hw>In*law"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>In</ets> + <ets>law</ets>. Cf. <er>Inlagation</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To clear of outlawry or attainder; to place under the protection of the law.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<-- In"-law. A person who is related by marriage, as distinguished from a blood relative; esp. mother-in-law, father-in-law, brother-in-law, sister-in-law -->

<h1>Inlay</h1>
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<hw>In*lay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inlaied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inlaying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To lay within; hence, to insert, as pieces of pearl, iviry, choice woods, or the like, in a groundwork of some other material; to form an ornamental surface; to diversify or adorn with insertions.</def>

<blockquote>Look,how the floor of heaven
Is thick <b>inlaid</b> with patines of bright gold.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But these things are . . . borrowed by the monks to <b>inlay</b> their story.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inlay</h1>
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<hw>In"lay`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Matter or pieces of wood, ivory, etc., inlaid, or prepared for inlaying; that which is inserted or inlaid for ornament or variety.</def>

<blockquote>Crocus and hyacinth with rich <b>inlay</b>
Broidered the ground.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The sloping of the moonlit sward
Was damask work, and deep <b>inlay</b>
Of braided blooms.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inlayer</h1>
<Xpage=765>

<hw>In*lay"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who inlays, or whose occupation it is to inlay.</def>

<h1>Inleague</h1>
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<hw>In*league"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inleagued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inleaguing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To ally, or form an alliance witgh; to unite; to combine.</def>

<blockquote>With a willingness <b>inleague</b> our blood
With his, for purchase of full growth in friendship.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inleaguer</h1>
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<hw>In*lea"guer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To beleaguer.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Inlet</h1>
<Xpage=765>

<hw>In"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A passage by which an inclosed place may be entered; a place of ingress; entrance.</def>

<blockquote>Doors and windows,<b>inlets</b> of men and of light.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bay or recess,as in the shore of a sea, lake, or large river; a narrow strip of water running into the land or between islands.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is let in or inland; an inserted material.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Inlet</i> is also usewd adjectively,as in <i>inlet</i> pipe, <i>inlet</i> valve, etc.</note>

<h1>Inlighten</h1>
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<hw>In*light"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Enlighten</er>.</def>

<h1>Inlist</h1>
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<hw>In*list"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Enlist</er>.</def>

<h1>Inlive</h1>
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<hw>In*live"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To animate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Inlock</h1>
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<hw>In*lock"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lock in, or inclose.</def>

<h1>In loco</h1>
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<hw>In lo"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>In the place; in the proper or natural place.</def>

<h1>Inlumine</h1>
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<hw>In*lu"mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>   <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Illumine</er>.</def>

<h1>Inly</h1>
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<hw>In"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>inlich</ets>, AS. <ets>inl\'c6c</ets>.  See <er>In</er>.]</ety> <def>Internal; interior; secret.</def>

<blockquote>Didst thou but know the <b>inly</b> touch of love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inly</h1>
<Xpage=765>

<hw>In"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Internally; within; in the heart.</def> "Whereat he <i>inly</i> raged."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Inmacy</h1>
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<hw>In"ma*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Inmate</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being an inmate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Craig.</i>

<h1>Inmate</h1>
<Xpage=765>

<hw>In"mate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>In</ets> + <ets>mate</ets> an associate.]</ety> <def>One who lives in the same house or apartment with another; a fellow lodger; esp.,one of the occupants of an asylum, hospital, or prison; by extension, one who occupies or lodges in any place or dwelling.</def>

<blockquote>So spake the enemy of mankind, inclos'd
In serpent, <b>inmate</b> bad.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inmate</h1>
<Xpage=765>

<hw>In"mate`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admitted as a dweller; resident; internal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Inmate</i> guests."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Inmeats</h1>
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<hw>In"meats`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <def>The edible viscera of animals, as the heart, liver, etc.</def>

<h1>Inmesh</h1>
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<hw>In*mesh"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inmeshed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inmeshing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring within meshes, as of a net; to enmesh.</def>

<h1>Inmew</h1>
<Xpage=765>

<hw>In*mew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf.<er>Emmew</er>, <er>Immew</er>.]</ety> <def>To inclose, as in a mew or cage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Inmew</i> the town below."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Inmost</h1>
<Xpage=765>

<hw>In"most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>innemest</ets>, AS. <ets>innemest</ets>, a double superlative form fr. <ets>inne</ets> within, fr. <ets>in</ets> in. The modern form is due to confusion with <ets>most</ets>. See <er>In</er>, and cf. <er>Aftermost</er>, <er>Foremost</er>, <er>Innermost</er>.]</ety> <def>Deepest within; farthest from the surface or external part; innermost.</def>

<blockquote>And pierce the <b>inmost</b> center of the earth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The silent, slow, consuming fires,
Which on my <b>inmost</b> vitals prey.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inn</h1>
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<hw>Inn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>in</ets>,<ets>inn</ets>, house, chamber, inn, from AS. <ets>in</ets> in; akin to Icel. <ets>inni</ets> house. See <er>In</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place of shelter; hence, dwelling; habitation; residence; abode.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Therefore with me ye may take up your <b>inn</b>
For this same night.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A house for the lodging and entertainment of travelers or wayfarers; a tavern; a public house; a hotel.</def>

<note>&hand; As distinguished from a private boarding house, an inn is a house for the entertainment of all travelers of good conduct and means of payment,as guests for a brief period,not as lodgers or boarders by contract.</note>

<blockquote>The miserable fare and miserable lodgment of a provincial <b>inn</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The town residence of a nobleman or distinguished person; <as>as, Leicester <ex>Inn</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One of the colleges (societies or buildings) in London, for students of the law barristers; <as>as, the <ex>Inns</ex> of Court; the <ex>Inns</ex> of Chancery; Serjeants' <ex>Inns</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>Inns of chancery</col> <fld>(Eng.)</fld>, <cd>colleges in which young students formerly began their law studies, now occupied chiefly by attorneys, solicitors, etc.</cd> -- <col>Inns of court</col> <fld>(Eng.)</fld>, <cd>the four societies of "students and practicers of the law of England" which in London exercise the exclusive right of admitting persons to practice at the bar; also, the buildings in which the law students and barristers have their chambers. They are the Inner Temple, the Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn, and Gray's Inn.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="766">
Page 766<p>

<h1>Inn</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>Inn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt>   <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To take lodging; to lodge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Inn</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>Inn</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To house; to lodge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When he had brought them into his city
And <b>inned</b> them, everich at his degree.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To get in; to in. See <er>In</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Innate</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>innatus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>natus</ets> born, p.p. of <ets>nasci</ets> to be born. See <er>Native</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inborn; native; natural; <as>as, <ex>innate</ex> vigor; <ex>innate</ex> eloquence.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Originating in, or derived from, the constitution of the intellect, as opposed to acquired from experience; <as>as, <ex>innate</ex> ideas</as>. See <er>A priori</er>, <er>Intuitive</er>.</def>

<blockquote>There is an <b>innate</b> light in every man, discovering to him the first lines of duty in the common notions of good and evil.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Men would not be guilty if they did not carry in their mind common notions of morality,<b>innate</b> and written in divine letters.
<i>Fleming (Origen).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If I could only show,as I hope I shall . . . how men, barely by the use of their natural faculties, may attain to all the knowledge they have, without the help of any <b>innate</b> impressions; and may arrive at certainty without any such original notions or principles.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Joined by the base to the very tip of a filament; <as>as, an <ex>innate</ex> anther</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<cs><col>Innate ideas</col> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld>, <cd>ideas, as of God, immortality, right and wrong, supposed by some to be inherent in the mind, as a priori principles of knowledge.</cd></cs>

<h1>Innate</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In*nate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to exit; to call into being.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The first <i>innating</i> cause."

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Innately</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In"nate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Naturally.</def>

<h1>Innateness</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In"nate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being innate.</def>

<h1>Innative</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In*na"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Native.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Innavigable</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In*nav"i*ga*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>innavigabilis</ets> : cf. F. <ets>innavigable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Navigable</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being navigated; impassable by ships or vessels.</def> <i>Drygen</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In*nav"i*ga*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inne</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>Inne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. & prep.</tt> <def>In.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And eke in what array that they were <b>inne</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Inner</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>innera</ets>, a compar. fr. <ets>inne</ets> within, fr. <ets>in</ets> in. See <er>In</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Further in; interior; internal; not outward; <as>as, an spirit or its phenomena</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This attracts the soul,
Governs the <b>inner</b> man,the nobler part.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not obvious or easily discovered; obscure.</def>

<cs><col>Inner house</col> <fld>(Scot.)</fld>, <cd>the first and second divisions of the court of Session at Edinburgh; also,the place of their sittings.</cd> -- <col>Inner jib</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a fore-and-aft sail set on a stay running from the fore-topmast head to the jib boom.</cd> -- <col>Inner plate</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the wall plate which lies nearest to the center of the roof,in a double-plated roof.</cd> -- <col>Inner post</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a piece brought on at the fore side of the main post, to support the transoms.</cd> -- <col>Inner square</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>the angle formed by the inner edges of a carpenter's square.</cd></cs>

<h1>Innerly</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In"ner*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>More within.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Baret.</i>

<h1>Innermost</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In"ner*most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>inmost</ets> due to influence of <ets>inner</ets>. See <er>Inmost</er>.]</ety> <def>Farthest inward; most remote from the outward part; inmost; deepest within.</def>

<i>Prov. xviii. 8.</i>

<h1>Innermostly</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In"ner*most`ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the innermost place.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>His ebon cross worn <b>innermostly</b>.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Innervate</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In*ner"vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Innerve</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>To supply with nerves; <as>as, the heart is <ex>innervated</ex> by pneumogastric and sympathetic branches</as>.</def>

<h1>Innervation</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In`ner*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>innervation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of innerving or stimulating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Special activity excited in any part of the nervous system or in any organ of sense or motion; the nervous influence necessary for the maintenance of life,and the functions of the various organs.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The distribution of nerves in an animal, or to any of its parts.</def>

<h1>Innerve</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In*nerve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>   <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Innerved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Innerving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>nerve</ets>.]</ety> <def>To give nervous energy or power to; to give increased energy,force,or courage to; to invigorate; to stimulate.</def>

<h1>Innholder</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>Inn"hold`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who keeps an inn.</def>

<h1>Inning</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In"ning</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>innung</ets>, fr. <ets>in</ets> in, prep. & adv.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ingathering; harvesting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state or turn of being in; specifically, in cricket, baseball, etc.,the turn or time of a player or of a side at the bat; -- often in the <pluf>pl.</pluf> Hence: The turn or time of a person, or a party, in power; <as>as, the Whigs went out, and the Democrats had their <ex>innings</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Lands recovered from the sea.</def>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Innitency</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In*ni"ten*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inniti</ets>, p.p. <ets>innixus</ets>, to lean upon; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in, on + <ets>niti</ets> to lean.]</ety> <def>A leaning; pressure; weight.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Innixion</h1>
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<hw>In*nix"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Innitency</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of leaning upon something; incumbency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Innkeeper</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>Inn"keep`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An innholder.</def>

<h1>Innocence</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In"no*cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>innocence</ets>, L. <ets>innocentia</ets>. See <er>Innocent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being innocent; freedom from that which is harmful or infurious; harmlessness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state or quality of being morally free from guilt or sin; purity of heart; blamelessness.</def>

<blockquote>The silence often of pure <b>innocence</b>
Persuades when speaking fails.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Banished from man's life his happiest life,
Simplicity and spotless <b>innocence</b>!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state or quality of being not chargeable for, or guilty of, a particular crime or offense; <as>as, the <ex>innocence</ex> of the prisoner was clearly shown</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Simplicity or plainness, bordering on weakness or silliness; artlessness; ingenuousness.</def>

<i>Chaucer. Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Harmlessness; innocuousness; blamelessness; purity; sinlessness; guiltlessness.</syn>

<h1>Innocency</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In"no*cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Innocence.</def>

<h1>Innocent</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In"no*cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.<ets>innocent</ets>, L. <ets>innocens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>nocens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>nocere</ets> to harm, hurt. See <er>Noxious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not harmful; free from that which can injure; innoxious; innocuous; harmless; <as>as, an <ex>innocent</ex> medicine or remedy</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The spear
Sung <b>innocent</b>,and spent its force in air.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Morally free from guilt; guiltless; not tainted with sin; pure; upright.</def>

<blockquote>To offer up a weak, poor, <b>innocent</b> lamb.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have sinned in that I have betrayed the <b>innocent</b> blood.
<i>Matt. xxvii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The aidless,<b>innocent</b> lady, his wished prey.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Free from the guilt of a particular crime or offense; <as>as, a man is <ex>innocent</ex> of the crime charged</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Innocent</b> from the great transgression.
<i>Ps. xix. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Simple; artless; foolish.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Lawful; permitted; <as>as, an <ex>innocent</ex> trade</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Not contraband; not subject to forfeiture; <as>as, <ex>innocent</ex> goods carried to a belligerent nation</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Innocent party</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,<cd>a party who has not notice of a fact tainting a litigated transaction with illegality.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Harmless; innoxious; innoffensive; guiltless; spotless; immaculate; pure; unblamable; blameless; faultless; guileless; upright.</syn>

<h1>Innocent</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In"no*cent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An innocent person; one free from, or unacquainted with, guilt or sin.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An unsophisticated person; hence, a child; a simpleton; an idiot.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<blockquote>In Scotland a natural fool was called an <b>innocent</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Innocents' day</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>Childermas day.</cd></cs>

<h1>Innocently</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In"no*cent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an innocent manner.</def>

<h1>Innocuity</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In"no*cu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Innocuousness.</def>

<h1>Innocuous</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In*noc"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>innocuus</ets>; <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>nocuus</ets> hurtful, fr. <ets>nocere</ets> to hurt. See <er>Innocent</er>.]</ety> <def>Harmless; producing no ill effect; innocent.</def>

<blockquote>A patient, <b>innocuous</b>, innocent man.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*noc"u*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In*noc"u*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Where the salt sea <b>innocuously</b> breaks.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Innodate</h1>
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<hw>In"no*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Innodated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Innodating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>innodatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>innodare</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>nodus</ets> knot.]</ety> <def>To bind up,as in a knot; to include.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Innominable</h1>
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<hw>In*nom"i*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>innominabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>nominare</ets> to name: cf. F. <ets>innominable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not to be named.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Testament of Love.</i>

<h1>Innominate</h1>
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<hw>In*nom"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>innominatus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>nominare</ets> to name.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having no name; unnamed; <as>as, an <ex>innominate</ex> person or place</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A term used in designating many parts otherwise unnamed; <as>as, the <ex>innominate</ex> artery, a great branch of the arch of the aorta; the <ex>innominate</ex> vein, a great branch of the superior vena cava.</as></def>

<cs><col>Innominate bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the great bone which makes a lateral half of the pelvis in mammals; hip bone; haunch bone; huckle bone. It is composed of three bones, ilium, ischium, and pubis, consolidated into one in the adult, though separate in the fetus, as also in many adult reptiles and amphibians.</cd> -- <col>Innominate contracts</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>in the Roman law, contracts without a specific name.</cd></cs>

<h1>Innovate</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In"no*vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>   <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Innovated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Innovating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>innovatus</ets>,p.p. of <ets>innovare</ets> to revew; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>novare</ets> to make new,fr. <ets>novus</ets> new.  See <er>New</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring in as new; to introduce as a novelty; <as>as, to <ex>innovate</ex> a word or an act</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To change or alter by introducing something new; to remodel; to revolutionize.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<blockquote>From his attempts upon the civil power, he proceeds
to <b>innovate</b> God's worship.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Innovate</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In"no*vate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To introduce novelties or changes; -- sometimes with <i>in</i> or <i>on</i>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Every man,therefore,is not fit to <b>innovate</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Innovation</h1>
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<hw>In`no*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>innovatio</ets>; cf. F. <ets>innovation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of innovating; introduction of something new, in customs, rites, etc.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A change effected by innovating; a change in customs; something new, and contrary to established customs, manners, or rites.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>The love of things ancient doth argue stayedness, but levity and want of experience maketh apt unto <b>innovations</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A newly formed shoot, or the annually produced addition to the stems of many mosses.</def>

<h1>Innovationist</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In`no*va"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who favors innovation.</def>

<h1>Innovative</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In"no*va*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by, or introducing, innovations.</def>

<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i>

<h1>Innovator</h1>
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<hw>In"no*va`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>innovateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who innovates.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Innoxious</h1>
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<hw>In*nox"ious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>innoxius</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Noxious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Free from hurtful qualities or effects; harmless.</def> "<i>Innoxious</i> flames."

<i>Sir K. Digby.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free from crime; pure; innocent.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*nox`ious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In*nox"ious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Innubilous</h1>
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<hw>In*nu"bi*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>innubilus</ets>. See <er>Nubilous</er>.]</ety> <def>Cloudless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Innuendo</h1>
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<hw>In`nu*en"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Innuedoes</plw>(<?/)</plu>. <ety>[L., by intimation, by hinting, gerund of <ets>innuere</ets>, <ets>innutum</ets>, to give a nod, to intimate; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in, to + -<ets>nuere</ets> (in comp.) to nod. See <er>Nutation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An oblique hint; a remote allusion or reference, usually derogatory to a person or thing not named; an insinuation.</def>

<blockquote>Mercury . . . owns it a marriage by an <b>innuendo</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Pursue your trade of scandal picking;
Your <b>innuendoes</b>, when you tell us,
That Stella loves to talk with fellows.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An averment employed in pleading, to point the application of matter otherwise unintelligible; an interpretative parenthesis thrown into quoted matter to explain an obscure word or words; -- as, the plaintiff avers that the defendant said that he (<i>innuendo</i> the plaintiff) was a thief.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<note>&hand; The term is so applied from having been the introductory word of this averment or parenthetic explanation when pleadings were in Latin. The word "meaning" is used as its equivalent in modern forms.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Insinuation; suggestion; hint; intimation; reference; allusion; implication; representation; -- <er>Innuendo</er>, <er>Insinuation</er>.</syn> <usage> An <i>innuendo</i> is an equivocal allusion so framed as to point distinctly at something which is injurious to the character or reputation of the person referred to. An <i>insinuation</i> turns on no such double use of language, but consists in artfully <i>winding</i> into the mind imputations of an injurious nature without making any direct charge.</usage>

<h1>Innuent</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In"nu*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>innuens</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>Conveying a hint; significant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Innuit</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In"nu*it</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>An Eskimo.</def>

<h1>Innumerability</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In*nu`mer*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>innumerabilitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>State of being innumerable.</def>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Innumerable</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In*nu`mer*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>innumerabilis</ets> : cf.F. <ets>innumefable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Numerable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not capable of being counted, enumerated, or numbered, for multitude; countless; numberless; unnumbered, hence, indefinitely numerous; of great number.</def>

<blockquote><b>Innumerable</b> as the stars of night.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*nu"mer*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In*nu"mer*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Innumerous</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In*nu"mer*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>innumerosus</ets>, <ets>innumerus</ets>. See <er>Numerous</er>.]</ety> <def>Innumerable.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Innutrition</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In`nu*tri"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of nutrition; failure of nourishment.</def>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Innutritious</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In`nu*tri"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not nutritious; not furnishing nourishment.</def>

<h1>Innutritive</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In*nu"tri*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Innutritious.</def>

<h1>Innyard</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>Inn"yard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The yard adjoining an inn.</def>

<h1>Inobedience</h1>
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<hw>In`o*be"di*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inoboedientia</ets> : cf.F. <ets>inobedience</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disobedience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif. Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Inobedient</h1>
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<hw>In`o*be"di*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inoboediens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>inoboedire</ets> : cf.F. <ets>inobedient</ets>. See <er>Obedient</er>.]</ety> <def>Not obedient; disobedient.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`o*be"di*ent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Inobservable</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In`ob*serv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inobservabilis</ets> :  cf. F. <ets>inobservable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Observable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not observable.</def>

<h1>Inobservance</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In`ob*serv"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inobservantia</ets> : cf. F. <ets>inobservance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want or neglect of observance.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Inobservant</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In`ob*serv"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inobservans</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Observant</er>.]</ety> <def>Not observant; regardless; heedless.</def>

<i>Bp. Hurd.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`ob*serv"ant*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inobservation</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In*ob`ser*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inobservation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Neglect or want of observation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Inobtrusive</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In`ob*tru"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not obtrusive; unobtrusive.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`ob*tru"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In`ob*tru"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inocarpin</h1>
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<hw>In`o*car"pin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/, <?/, muscle + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A red, gummy, coloring matter, extracted from the colorless juice of the Otaheite chestnut (<spn>Inocarpus edulis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Inoccupation</h1>
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<hw>In*oc`cu*pa"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of occupation.</def>

<h1>Inoceramus</h1>
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<hw>In`o*cer"a*mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a muscle + <?/ an earthen vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of large, fossil, bivalve shells,allied to the mussels. The genus is characteristic of the Cretaceous period.</def>

<h1>Inoculability</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In*oc`u*la*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The qual ity or state of being inoculable.</def>

<h1>Inoculable</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In*oc"u*la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Inoculate</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being inoculated; capable of communicating disease, or of being communicated, by inoculation.</def>

<h1>Inocular</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In*oc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>Inserted in the corner of the eye; -- said of the antenn<?/ of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Inoculate</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In*oc"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inoculated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inoculating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>,.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>inoculatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>inoculare</ets> to ingraft; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in,on + <ets>oculare</ets> to furnish with eyes, fr. <ets>oculus</ets> an eye, also, a bud. See <er>Ocular</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bud; to insert, or graft, as the bud of a tree or plant in another tree or plant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To insert a foreign bud into; <as>as, to <ex>inoculate</ex> a tree</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To communicate a disease to ( a person ) by inserting infectious matter in the skin or flesh; <as>as, to <ex>inoculate</ex> a person with the virus of smallpox,rabies, etc.</as>  See <er>Vaccinate</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fig.: To introduce into the mind; -- used especially of harmful ideas or principles; to imbue; <as>as, to <ex>inoculate</ex> one with treason or infidelity</as>.</def>

<h1>Inoculate</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In*oc"u*late</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To graft by inserting buds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To communicate disease by inoculation.</def>

<h1>Inoculation</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In*oc"u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inoculatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inoculation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or art of inoculating trees or plants.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act or practice of communicating a disease to a person in health, by inserting contagious matter in his skin or flesh.</def>

<note>&hand; The use was formerly limited to the intentional communication of the smallpox, but is now extended to include any similar introduction of modified virus; as, the <i>inoculation</i> of rabies by Pasteur.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: The communication of principles, especially false principles, to the mind.</def>

<h1>Inoculator</h1>
<Xpage=766>

<hw>In*oc"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>inoculateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who inoculates; one who propagates plants or diseases by inoculation.</def>

<hr>
<page="767">
Page 767<p>

<h1>Inodiate</h1>
<Xpage=767>

<hw>In*o"di*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + L. <ets>odium</ets> hatred.]</ety> <def>To make odious or hateful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Inodorate</h1>
<Xpage=767>

<hw>In*o"dor*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inodorous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Inodorous</h1>
<Xpage=767>

<hw>In*o"dor*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inodorus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Odorous</er>.]</ety> <def>Emitting no odor; wthout smell; scentless; odorless.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In*o"dor*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inoffensive</h1>
<Xpage=767>

<hw>In"of*fen"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>offensiue</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inoffensif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Giving no offense, or provocation; causing no uneasiness, annoyance, or disturbance; <as>as, an <ex>inoffensive</ex> man, answer, appearance</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Harmless; doing no injury or mischief.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not obstructing; presenting no interruption bindrance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>So have Iseen a river gintly glide
In a smooth course, and <b>inoffensive</b> tide.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In"of*fen"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In"of*fen"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inofficial</h1>
<Xpage=767>

<hw>In"of*fi"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not official; not having official sanction or authoriy; not according to the forms or ceremony of official business; <as>as, <ex>inofficial</ex> intelligence</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Pinckney and Marshall would not make <b>inofficial</b> visits to discuss official business.
<i>Pickering.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Private; informal; unwarranted; unauthorizod; irregular; unceremonious; unprofessional.</syn>

<h1>Inofficially</h1>
<Xpage=767>

<hw>In`of*fi"cial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without the usual forms, or not in the official character.</def>

<h1>Inofficious</h1>
<Xpage=767>

<hw>In`of*fi"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inofficiosus</ets>: cf. F.<ets>inofficieux</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Officious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Indifferent to obligation or duty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou drown'st thyself in <b>inofficious</b> sleep.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not officious; not civil or attentive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jonhson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b>  <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Regardless of natural obligation; contrary to natural duty; unkind; -- commonly said of a testament made without regard to natural obligation, or by which a child is unjustly deprived of inheritance.</def> "The <i>inofficious</i> testament." <i>Blackstone</i>. "An inofficious disposition of his fortune." <i>Paley</i>.

<h1>Inofficiously</h1>
<Xpage=767>

<hw>In`of*fi"cious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Not-officiously.</def>

<h1>Inogen</h1>
<Xpage=767>

<hw>In"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a muscle + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A complex nitrogenous substance, which, by Hermann's hypothesis, is continually decomposed and reproduced in the muscles, during their life.</def>

<h1>Inoperation</h1>
<Xpage=767>

<hw>In*op`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inoperari</ets> to effect; pref. in- in + <ets>operari</ets> to operate.]</ety> <def>Agency; influence; production of effects.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Inoperative</h1>
<Xpage=767>

<hw>In*op"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>operative</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not operative; not active; producing no effects; <as>as, laws renderd <ex>inoperative</ex> by neglect; <ex>inoperative</ex> remedies or processes.</as></def>

<h1>Inopercular, Inoperculate</h1>
<Xpage=767>

<hw><hw>In`o*per"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`o*per"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having no operculum; -- said of certain gastropod shells.</def>

<h1>Inopinable</h1>
<Xpage=767>

<hw>In`o*pin"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inopinabilis</ets>. See <er>Inopinate</er>.]</ety> <def>Not to be expected; inconceivable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Inopinable</i>, incredible . . . saings."

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Inopinate</h1>
<Xpage=767>

<hw>In*op"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inopinatus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Opine</er>.]</ety> <def>Not expected or looked for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inopportune</h1>
<Xpage=767>

<hw>In*op`por*tune"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inopportunus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inopportun</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Opportune</er>.]</ety> <def>Not opportune; inconvenient; unseasonable; <as>as, an <ex>inopportune</ex> occurrence, remark, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>No visit could have been more <b>inopportune</b>.
<i>T. Hook.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inopportunely</h1>
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<hw>In*op`por*tune"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Not opportunely; unseasonably; inconveniently.</def>

<h1>Inopportunity</h1>
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<hw>In*op`por*tu"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of opportunity; unseasonableness; inconvenience.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Inoppressive</h1>
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<hw>In`op*press"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not oppressive or burdensome.</def>

<i>O. Wolcott.</i>

<h1>Inopulent</h1>
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<hw>In*op"u*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>opulent</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inopulent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not opulent; not affluent or rich.</def>

<h1>Inordinacy</h1>
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<hw>In*or"di*na*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being inordinate; excessiveness; immoderateness; <as>as, the <ex>inordinacy</ex> of love or desire</as>.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Inordinate</h1>
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<hw>In*or"di*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inordinatus</ets> disordered. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Ordinate</er>.]</ety> <def>Not limited to rules prescribed, or to usual bounds; irregular; excessive; immoderate; <as>as, an inordinate love of the world</as>.</def> "<i>Inordinate</i> desires." <i>Milton</i>. "<i>Inordinate</i> vanity." <i>Burke</i>.

-- <wordforms><wf>In*or"di*nate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In*or"di*nate*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inordination</h1>
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<hw>In*or`di*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inordinatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deviation from custom, rule, or right; irregularity; inordinacy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>Every <b>inordination</b> of religion that is not in defect, is properly called superstition.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inorganic</h1>
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<hw>In`or*gan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>organic</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inorganique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not organic; without the organs necessary for life; devoid of an organized structure; unorganized; lifeness; inanimate; <as>as, all chemical compounds are <ex>inorganic</ex> substances</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The term <i>inorganic</i> is used to denote any one the large series of substances (as minerals, metals, etc.), which are not directly connected with vital processes, either in origin or nature, and which are broadly and relatively contrasted with <i>organic</i> subscances. See <er>Organic</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Inorganic Chemistry</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chemistry</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inorganical</h1>
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<hw>In`or*gan"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inorganic.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Inorganically</h1>
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<hw>In`or*gan"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inorganic manner.</def>

<h1>Inorganity</h1>
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<hw>In`or*gan"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being inorganic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>inorganity</i> of the soul."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Inorganization</h1>
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<hw>In*or`gan*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being without organization.</def>

<h1>Inorganized</h1>
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<hw>In*or"gan*ized</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not having organic structure; devoid of organs; inorganic.</def>

<h1>Inorthography</h1>
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<hw>In`or*thog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Deviation from correct orthography; bad spelling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Inosculate</h1>
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<hw>In*os"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inosculated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inosculating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>osculate</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unite by apposition or contact, as two tubular vessels at their extremities; to anastomose.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To intercommunicate; to interjoin.</def>

<blockquote>The several monthly divisions of the journal may inosculate, but not the several volumes.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inosculate</h1>
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<hw>In*os"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unite by apposition or contact, as two vessels in an animal body.</def>

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To unite intimately; to cause to become as one.</def>

<blockquote>They were still together, grew
(For so they said themselves) <b>inosculated</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inosculation</h1>
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<hw>In*os`cu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inosculation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The junction or connection of vessels, channels, or passages, so that their contents pass from one to the other; union by mouths or ducts; anastomosis; intercommunication; <as>as, <ex>inosculation</ex> of veins, etc.</as></def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Inosinic</h1>
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<hw>In`o*sin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Inosite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, inosite; <as>as, <ex>inosinic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Inosite</h1>
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<hw>In"o*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, strength, muscle.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline substance with a sweet taste, found in certain animal tissues and fluids, particularly in the muscles of the heart and lungs, also in some plants, as in unripe pease, beans, potato sprouts, etc.  Called also <altname>phaseomannite</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; Chemically,it has the composition represented by the formula, <chform>C6H12O6+H2O</chform>, and was formerly regarded as a carbohydrate, isomeric with dextrose, but is now known to be an aromatic compound (a hexacid phenol derivative of benzene).</note>

<h1>Inoxidizable</h1>
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<hw>In*ox"idi`za*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Incapable of being oxidized; <as>as, gold and platinum are <ex>inoxidizable</ex> in the air</as>.</def>

<h1>Inoxidize</h1>
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<hw>In*ox"i*dize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To prevent or hinder oxidation, rust, or decay; <as>as, <ex>inoxidizing</ex> oils or varnishes</as>.</def>

<h1>In posse</h1>
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<hw>In` pos"se</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>In possibility; possible, although not yet in existence or come to pass; -- contradistinguished from <i>in esse</i>.</def>

<h1>Inquartation</h1>
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<hw>In`quar*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quartation.</def>

<h1>Inquest</h1>
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<hw>In"quest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>enqueste</ets>, OF. <ets>enqueste</ets>, F. <ets>enqu\'88te</ets>, LL. <ets>inquesta</ets>, for <ets>inquisita</ets>, fr. L. <ets>inquisitus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>inquirere</ets>. See <er>Inquire</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inquiry; quest; search.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>The laborious and vexatious <b>inquest</b> that the soul must make after science.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Judicial inquiry; official examination, esp. before a jury; <as>as, a coroner's <ex>inquest</ex> in case of a sudden death</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A body of men assembled under authority of law to inquire into any matterm civil or criminal, particularly any case of violent or sudden death; a jury, particularly a coroner's jury. The <i>grand jury</i> is sometimes called the <i>grand inquest</i>. See under <er>Grand</er>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The finding of the jury upon such inquiry.</def>

<cs><col>Coroner's inquest</col>, <cd>an inquest held by a coroner to determine the cause of any violent, sudden, or mysterious death. See <er>Coroner</er>.</cd> -- <col>Inquest of office</col>, <cd>an inquiry made, by authority or direction of proper officer, into matters affecting the rights and interests of the crown or of the state.</cd></cs>

<i>Craig. Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Inquiet</h1>
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<hw>In*qui"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inquietare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inquieter</ets>. See <er>Quiet</er>.]</ety> <def>To disquiet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Joye.</i>

<h1>Inquietation</h1>
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<hw>In*qui`e*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inquietatio</ets> : cf. F. <ets>inquielation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disturbance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Inquietness</h1>
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<hw>In*qui"et*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Unquietness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Joye.</i>

<h1>Inquietude</h1>
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<hw>In*qui"e*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inquietudo</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inquietude</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disturbed state; uneasiness either of body or mind; restlessness; disquietude.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Inquiline</h1>
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<hw>In"qui*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inquilinus</ets> a tenant, lodger.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A gallfly which deposits its eggs in galls formed by other insects.</def>

<h1>Inquinate</h1>
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<hw>In"qui*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inquinatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>inquinare</ets> to defile.]</ety> <def>To defile; to pollute; to contaminate; to befoul.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Inquination</h1>
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<hw>In`qui*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inquinatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A defiling; pollution; stain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Inquirable</h1>
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<hw>In*quir"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>enquerable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being inquired into; subject or liable to inquisition or inquest.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Inquirance</h1>
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<hw>In*quir"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inquiry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Inquire</h1>
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<hw>In*quire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inquired</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inquiring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>enqueren</ets>, <ets>inqueren</ets>, OF. <ets>enquerre</ets>, F. <ets>enqu\'82rir</ets>, L. <ets>inquirere</ets>, <ets>inquisitum</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>quarere</ets> to seek. See <er>Quest</er> a seeking, and cf. <er>Inquiry</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>enquire</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ask a question; to seek for truth or information by putting queries.</def>

<blockquote>We will call the damsel, and <b>inquire</b>.
<i>Gen. xxiv. 57.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Then David <b>inquired</b> of the Lord yet again. And the Lord answered him.
<i>1 Sam. xxiii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To seek to learn anything by recourse to the proper means of knoledge; to make examination.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>inquire</b>
Gladly into the ways of God with man.
<i>Miltom.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word is followed by <i>of</i> before the person asked; as, to <i>inquire</i> of a neighbor. It is followed by <i>concerning</i>, <i>after</i>, or <i>about</i>, before the subject of inquiry; as, his friends <i>inquired about or concerning</i> his welfare. "Thou dost not <i>inquire</i> wisely <i>concerning</i> this." <i>Eccl. vii. 10</i>. It is followed by <i>into</i> when search is made for particular knowledge or information; as, to <i>inquire into</i> the cause of a sudden death. It is followed by <i>for</i> or <i>after</i> when a place or person is sought, or something is missing. "<i>Inquire</i> in the house of Judas <i>for</i> one called Saul of Tarsus." <i>Acts ix. 11</i>.</note>

<h1>Inquire</h1>
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<hw>In*quire"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ask about; to seek to know by asking; to make examination or inquiry respecting.</def>

<blockquote>Having thus at length <b>inquired</b> the truth concerning law and dispense.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And all obey and few <b>inquire</b> his will.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To call or name.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To ask; question. See <er>Question</er>.</syn>

<h1>Inquirent</h1>
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<hw>In*quir"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inquirens</ets>, <ets>p. pr.</ets>]</ety> <def>Making inquiry; inquiring; questioning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<h1>Inquirer</h1>
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<hw>In*quir"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>enquirer</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who inquires or examines; questioner; investigator.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>Expert <b>inquirers</b> after truth.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inquiring</h1>
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<hw>In*quir"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Given to inquiry; disposed to investigate causes; curious; <as>as, an <ex>inquiring</ex> mind</as>.</def>

<h1>Inquiringly</h1>
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<hw>In*quir"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inquiring manner.</def>

<h1>Inquiry</h1>
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<hw>In*quir"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Inquiries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Inquire</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>enquiry</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inquiring; a seeking for information by asking questions; interrogation; a question or questioning.</def>

<blockquote>He could no path nor track of foot descry,
Nor by <b>inquiry</b> learn, nor guess by aim.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The men which were sent from Cornelius had made <b>inquiry</b> for Simon's house, and stood before the gate.
<i>Acts x. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Search for truth, information, or knoledge; examination into facts or principles; research; invextigation; <as>as, physical <ex>inquiries</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>All that is wanting to the perfection of this art will undoubtedly be found, if able men . . . will make <b>inquiry</b> into it.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Court of inquiry</col>. <cd>See under <er>Court</er>.</cd> -- <col>Writ of inquiry</col>, <cd>a writ issued in certain actions at law, where the defendant has suffered judgment to pass against him by default, in order to ascertain and assess the plaintiff's damages, where they can not readily be ascertained by mere calculation. <i>Burrill<i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Interrogation; interrogatory; question; query; scrutiny; investigation; research; examination.</syn>

<h1>Inquisible</h1>
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<hw>In*quis"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admitting judicial inquiry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Inquisition</h1>
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<hw>In`qui*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inquisitio</ets> : cf. F. <ets>inquisition</ets>.  See <er>Inquire</er>, and cf. <er>Inquest</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inquiring; inquiry; search; examination; inspection; investigation.</def>

<blockquote>As I could learn through earnest <b>inquisition</b>.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let not search and <b>inquisition</b> quail
To bring again these foolish runaways.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Judicial inquiry; official examination; inquest.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The finding of a jury, especially such a finding under a writ of inquiry.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<blockquote>The justices in eyre had it formerly in charge to make <b>inquisition</b> concerning them by a jury of the county.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A court or tribunal for the examination and punishment of heretics, fully established by Pope Gregory IX. in 1235. Its operations were chiefly confined to Spain, Portugal, and their dependencies, and a part of Italy.</def>

<h1>Inquisition</h1>
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<hw>In`qui*si"tion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make inquisistion concerning; to inquire into.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Inquisitional</h1>
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<hw>In`qui*si"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>inquisitionalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to inquiry or inquisition; inquisitorial; also, of or pertaining to, or characteristic of, the Inquisition.</def>

<blockquote>All the <b>inquisitional</b> rigor . . . executed upon books.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inquisitionary</h1>
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<hw>In`qui*si"tion*a*ry</hw>, <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inquisitionnaire</ets>.]</ety> <mark>[R.]</mark> <def>Inquisitional.</def>

<h1>Inquisitive</h1>
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<hw>In*quis"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>inquisitif</ets>, F. <ets>inquisitif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Disposed to ask questions, especially in matters which do not concern the inquirer.</def>

<blockquote>A wise man is not <b>inquisitive</b> about things impertinent.
<i>Broome.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Given to examination, investigation, or research; searching; curious.</def>

<blockquote>A young, <b>inquisitive</b>, and sprightly genius.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Inquiring; prying; curious; meddling; intrusive.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Inquisitive</er>, <er>Curious</er>, <er>Prying</er>. <i>Curious</i> denotes a feeling, and <i>inquisitive</i> a habit. We are <i>curious</i> when we desire to learn something new; we are <i>inquisitive</i> when we set ourselves to gain it by inquiry or research. <i>Prying</i> implies <i>inquisitiveness</i>, and is more commonly used in a bad sense, as indicating a desire to penetrate into the secrets of others.</usage>

<blockquote>[We] <b>curious</b> are to hear,
What happens new.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This folio of four pages [a newspaper], happy work!
Which not even critics criticise; that holds
<b>Inquisitive</b> attention, while I read.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor need we with a <b>prying</b> eye survey
The distant skies, to find the Milky Way.
<i>Creech.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inquisitive</h1>
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<hw>In*quis"i*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who is inquisitive; one curious in research.</def>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Inquisitively</h1>
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<hw>In*quis"i*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inquisitive manner.</def>

<blockquote>The occasion that made him afterwards so <b>inquisitively</b> apply himself to the study of physic.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inquisitiveness</h1>
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<hw>In*quis"i*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being inquisitive; the disposition to seek explanation and information; curiosity to learn what is unknown; esp., uncontrolled and impertinent curiosity.</def>

<blockquote>Mr. Boswell, whose <b>inquisitiveness</b> is seconded by great activity, scrambled in at a high window.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Curiosity in children nature has provided, to remove that ignorance they were born with; which, without this busy <b>inquisitiveness</b>, will make them dull.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inquisitor</h1>
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<hw>In*quis"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>inquisiteur</ets>. See <er>Inquire</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inquisitive person; one fond of asking questions.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Inquisitors</i> are tatlers."

<i>Feltham.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One whose official duty it is to examine and inquire, as coroners, sheriffs, etc.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>A member of the Court of Inquisition.</def>

<h1>Inquisitorial</h1>
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<hw>In*quis`i*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inquisitorial</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to inquisition; making rigorous and unfriendly inquiry; searching; <as>as, <ex>inquisitorial</ex> power</as>.</def> "Illiberal and <i>inquisitorial</i> abuse."

<i>F. Blackburne.</i>

<blockquote>He conferred on it a kind of <b>inquisitorial</b> and censorious power even over the laity, and directed it to inquire into all matters of conscience.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to the Court of Inquisition or resembling its practices.</def> "<i>Inquisitorial</i> robes."

<i>C. Buchanan.</i>

<h1>Inquisitorially</h1>
<Xpage=767>

<hw>In*quis`i*to"ri*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inquisitorial manner.</def>

<h1>Inquisitorious</h1>
<Xpage=767>

<hw>In*quis`i*to"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making strict inquiry; inquisitorial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Inquisiturient</h1>
<Xpage=767>

<hw>In*quis`i*tu"ri*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inquisitorial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Our <i>inquisiturient</i> bishops."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Inracinate</h1>
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<hw>In*rac"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + F. <ets>racine</ets> root: cf. F. <ets>enraciner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To enroot or implant.</def>

<h1>Inrail</h1>
<Xpage=767>

<hw>In*rail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inrailed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inrailing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To rail in; to inclose or surround, as with rails.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Inregister</h1>
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<hw>In*reg"is*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>   <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inreristered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inregistering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>register</ets>: cf. F. <ets>enregistrer</ets>. Cf. <er>Enregister</er>.]</ety> <def>To register; to enter, as in a register.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Walsh.</i>

<h1>Inroad</h1>
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<hw>In"road`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The entrance of an enemy into a country with purposes of hostility; a sudden or desultory incursion or invasion; raid; encroachment.</def>

<blockquote>The loss of Shrewsbury exposed all North Wales to the daily <b>inroads</b> of the enemy.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With perpetual <b>inroads</b> to alarm,
Though inaccessible, his fatal throne.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Invasion; incursion; irruption. See <er>Invasion</er>.</syn>

<hr>
<page="768">
Page 768<p>

<h1>Inroad</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*road"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.t</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inroaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inroading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make an inroad into; to invade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Saracens . . . conquered Spain, <b>inroaded</b> Aquitaine.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inroll</h1>
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<hw>In*roll"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Enroll</er>.</def>

<h1>Inrunning</h1>
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<hw>In"run`ning</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or the place of entrance; an inlet.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Inrush</h1>
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<hw>In"rush`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rush inwards; <as>as, the <ex>inrush</ex> of the tide</as>.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Inrush</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*rush"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To rush in.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Insabbatati</h1>
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<hw>In*sab`ba*ta"ti</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>Insabatati</ets>. See 1st <er>In-</er>, and <er>Sabot</er>.]</ety> <def>The Waldenses; -- so called from their peculiary cut or marked <i>sabots</i>, or shoes.</def>

<h1>Insafety</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*safe"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Insecurity; danger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Insalivation</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*sal`i*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The mixing of the food with the saliva and other secretions of the mouth in eating.</def>

<h1>Insalubrious</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In`sa*lu"bri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>salubrious</ets>: cf. L. <ets>insalubris</ets>, F. <ets>insalubre</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not salubrious or healthful; unwholesome; <as>as, an <ex>insalubrious</ex> air or climate</as>.</def>

<h1>Insalubrity</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In`sa*lu"bri*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>insalubrite</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unhealthfulness; unwholesomeness; <as>as, the <ex>insalubrity</ex> of air, water, or climate</as>.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Insalutary</h1>
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<hw>In*sal"u*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insaluteris</ets> : cf. F. <ets>insalutaire</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Salutary</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not salutary or wholesome; unfavorable to health.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not tending to safety; productive of evil.</def>

<h1>Insanability</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*san`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being insanable or incurable; insanableness.</def>

<h1>Insanable</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*san"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insanabilis</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>insanable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Sanable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not capable of being healed; incurable; irremediable.</def>

<h1>Insanableness</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*san"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being insanable; insanability; incurableness.</def>

<h1>Insanably</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*san"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an incurable manner.</def>

<h1>Insane</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*sane"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insanus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Sane</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exhibiting unsoundness or disorded of mind; not sane; mad; deranged in mind; delirious; distracted. See <er>Insanity</er>, 2.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Used by, or appropriated to, insane persons; <as>as, an <ex>insane</ex> hospital</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Causing insanity or madness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Or have we eaten on the <b>insane</b>root
That takes the reason prisoner ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Characterized by insanity or the utmost folly; chimerical; unpractical; <as>as, an <ex>insane</ex> plan, attempt, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>I know not which was the <b>insane</b> measure.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insanely</h1>
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<hw>In*sane"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without reason; madly; foolishly.</def>

<h1>Insaneness</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*sane"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Insanity; madness.</def>

<h1>Insaniate</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*sa"ni*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render unsound; to make mad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Insanie</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*sa"nie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Insanity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Insanitary</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*san"i*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not sanitary; unhealthy; <as>as, <ex>insanitary</ex> conditions of drainage</as>.</def>

<h1>Insanitation</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*san`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Lack of sanitation; careless or dangerous hygienic conditions.</def>

<h1>Insanity</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*san"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insanitas</ets> unsoundness; cf. <ets>insania</ets> insanity, F. <ets>insanite</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being insane; unsoundness or derangement of mind; madness; lunacy.</def>

<blockquote>All power of fancy overreason is a degree of <b>insanity</b>.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Without grace
The heart's <b>insanity</b> admits no cure.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Such a mental condition, <as>as, either from the existence of delusions, or from incapacity to distinguish between right and wrong, with regard to any matter under action, does away with individual responsibility</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn>- <er>Insanity</er>, <er>Lunacy</er>, <er>Madness</er>, <er>Derangement</er>, <er>Aliention</er>, <er>Aberration</er>, <er>Mania</er>, <er>Delirium</er>, <er>Frenzy</er>, <er>Monomania</er>, <er>Dementia</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Insanity</i> is the generic term for all such diseases; <i>lunacy</i> has now an equal extent of meaning, though once used to denote periodical insanity; <i>madness</i> has the same extent, though originally referring to the rage created by the disease; <i>derangement</i>, <i>alienation</i>, are popular terms for insanity; <i>delirium</i>, <i>mania</i>, and <i>frenzy</i> denote excited states of the disease; <i>dementia</i> denotes the loss of mental power by this means; <i>monomania</i> is insanity upon a single subject.</usage>

<h1>Insapory</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*sa"po*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>sapor</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tasteless; unsavory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Insatiability</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*sa`tia*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <ety>[L. <ets>insatiabilitas</ets>; cf. F. <ets>insatiabilite</ets>.]</ety> <def> The state or quality of being insatiable; insatiableness.</def>

<blockquote>Eagerness for increase of possession deluges the soul, and we sink into the gulfs of <b>insatiability</b>.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insatiable</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*sa"tia*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>insatiable</ets>, L. <ets>ionsatiabilis</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Satiable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not satiable; incapable of being satisfied or appeased; very greedy; <as>as, an <ex>insatiable</ex> appetite, thirst, or desire</as>.</def>

<blockquote>"<b>Insatiable</b> of glory."
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insatiableness</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*sa"tia*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Greediness of appetite that can not be satisfied or appeased; insatiability.</def>

<blockquote>The eye of the covetous hath a more particular <b>insatiableness</b>.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insatiably</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*sa"tia*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an insatiable manner or degree; unappeasably.</def> "<i>Insatiably</i> covetous."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Insatiate</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*sa"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insatiatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Insatiable; <as>as, <ex>insatiate</ex> thirst</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>insatiate</b> greediness of his desires.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And still <b>insatiate</b>, thirsting still for blood.
<i>Hook.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insatiately</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*sa"ti*ate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Insatiably.</def>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Insatiateness</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*sa"ti*ate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being insatiate.</def>

<h1>Insatiety</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In`sa*ti"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insatietas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>insatiete</ets>.  See <er>Satiety</er>.]</ety> <def>Insatiableness.</def>

<i>T. Grander.</i>

<h1>Insatisfaction</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*sat`is*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Insufficiency; emptiness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dissatisfaction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Insaturable</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*sat"u*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insaturabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>insaturable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Saturable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not capable of being saturated or satisfied.</def>

<h1>Inscience</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In"science</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inscientia</ets>: cf.F. <ets>inscience</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of knowledge; ignorance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inscient</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In"scient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insciens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, ignorant. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Scient</er>, <er>Science</er>.]</ety> <def>Having little or no knowledge; ignorant; stupid; silly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>N. Bacon.</i>

<h1>Inscient</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In"scient</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + L. <ets>sciens</ets> knowing.]</ety> <def>Having knowledge or insight; intelligent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Gaze on, with <b>inscient</b> vision, toward the sun.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insconce</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*sconce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Ensconce</er>.</def>

<h1>Inscribable</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*scrib"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being inscribed, -- used specif. <fld>(Math.)</fld> of solids or plane figures capable of being inscribed in other solids or figures.</def>

<h1>Inscribableness</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*scrib"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being inscribable.</def>

<h1>Inscribe</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*scribe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inscribed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inscribing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>inscribere</ets>. See 1st <er>In-</er>, and <er>Scribe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To write or engrave; to mark down as something to be read; to imprint.</def>

<blockquote><b>Inscribe</b> a verse on this relenting stone.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mark with letters, charakters, or words.</def>

<blockquote>O let thy once lov'd friend <b>inscribe</b> thy stone.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To assign or address to; to commend to by a shot address; to dedicate informally; <as>as, to <ex>inscribe</ex> an ode to a friend</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To imprint deeply; to impress; to stamp; <as>as, to <ex>inscribe</ex> a sentence on the memory</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>To draw within so as to meet yet not cut the boundaries.</def>

<note>&hand; A <i>line</i> is inscribed in a circle, or in a sphere, when its two ends are in the circumference of the circle, or in the surface of the sphere. A <i>triangle</i> is inscribed in another triangle, when the three angles of the former are severally on the three sides of the latter. A <i>circle</i> is inscribed in a polygon, when it touches each side of the polygon. A <i>sphere</i> is inscribed in a polyhedron, when the sphere touches each boundary plane of the polyhedron. The latter figure in each case is <i>circumscribed</i> about the former.</note>

<h1>Inscriber</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*scrib"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who inscribes.</def>

<i>Pownall.</i>

<h1>Inscriptible</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*scrip"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being inscribed; inscribable.</def>

<h1>Inscription</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*scrip"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inscriptio</ets>, fr.<ets>inscribere</ets>, <ets>inscriptum</ets>, to inscribe: cf. F. <ets>inscription</ets>. See <er>Inscribe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of inscribing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is inscribed; something written or engraved; especially, a word or words written or engraved on a solid substance for preservation or public inspection; <as>as, <ex>inscriptions</ex> on monuments, pillars, coins, medals, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A line of division or intersection; <as>as, the tendinous <ex>inscriptions</ex>, or intersections, of a muscle</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An address, consignment, or informal dedication, as of a book to a person, as a mark of respect or an invitation of patronage.</def>

<h1>Inscriptive</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*scrip"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bearing inscription; of the character or nature of an inscription.</def>

<h1>Inscroll</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*scroll"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inscrolled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inscrolling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To write on a scroll; to record.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>inscrol</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Inscrutability</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*scru`ta*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being inscrutable; inscrutableness.</def>

<h1>Inscrutable</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*scru"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inscrutabilis</ets> : cf. F. <ets>inscrutable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Scrutiny</er>.]</ety> <def>Unsearchable; incapable of being searched into and understood by inquiry or study; impossible or difficult to be explained or accounted for satisfactorily; obscure; incomprehensible; <as>as, an <ex>inscrutable</ex> design or event</as>.</def>

<blockquote>'T is not in man
To yield a reason for the will of Heaven
Which is <b>inscrutable</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Waiving a question so <b>inscrutable</b> as this.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inscrutableness</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*scru"ta*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being inscrutable; inscrutability.</def>

<h1>Inscrutably</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*scru"ta*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inscrutable manner.</def>

<h1>Insculp</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*sculp"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insculpere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>insculper</ets>. See 1st <er>In-</er>, and <er>Sculptor</er>.]</ety> <def>To engrave; to carve; to sculpture.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Which he <b>insculped</b> in two likely stones.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insculption</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*sculp"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inscription.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Insculpture</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*sculp"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An engraving, carving, or inscription.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>On his gravestone this <b>insculpture</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insculptured</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*sculp"tured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Engraved.</def>

<i>Glover.</i>

<h1>Inseam</h1>
<Xpage=768>

<hw>In*seam"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inseamed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inseaming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To impress or mark with a seam or cicatrix.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Insearch</h1>
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<hw>In*search"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make search after; to investigate or examine; to ensearch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Insecable</h1>
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<hw>In*sec"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insecabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>secabilis</ets> that may be cut: cf. F. <ets>insecable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being divided by cutting; indivisible.</def>

<h1>Insect</h1>
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<hw>In"sect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.<ets>insecte</ets>, <ets>L</ets>. <ets>insectum</ets>, fr. <ets>insectus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>insecare</ets> to cut in. See <er>Section</er>. The name was originally given to certain small animals, whose bodies appear <ets>cut in</ets>, or almost divided. Cf. <er>Entomology</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Insecta; esp., one of the Hexapoda. See <er>Insecta</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The hexapod insects pass through three stages during their growth, viz., the larva, pupa, and imago or adult, but in some of the orders the larva differs little from the imago, except in lacking wings, and the active pupa is very much like the larva, except in having rudiments of wings. In the higher orders, the larva is usually a grub, maggot, or caterpillar, totally unlike the adult, while the pupa is very different from both larva and imago and is inactive, taking no food.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any air-breathing arthropod, as a spider or scorpion.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any small crustacean. In a wider sense, the word is often loosely applied to various small invertebrates.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fig.: Any small, trivial, or contemptible person or thing.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>
<-- Russian: bukashka -->

<cs><col>Insect powder</col>,<cd>a powder used for the extermination of insects; esp., the powdered flowers of certain species of <spn>Pyrethrum</spn>, a genus now merged in <spn>Chrysanthemum</spn>. Called also <altname>Persian powder</altname>.</cd></cs><-- containing pyrethrin -->

<h1>Insect</h1>
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<hw>In"sect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an insect or insects.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Like an insect; small; mean; ephemeral.</def>

<h1>Insecta</h1>
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<hw>In*sec"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Insect</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the classes of Arthropoda, including those that have one pair of antenn\'91, three pairs of mouth organs, and breathe air by means of trache\'91, opening by spiracles along the sides of the body. In this sense it includes the Hexapoda, or six-legged insects and the Myriapoda, with numerous legs. See <er>Insect</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>In a more restricted sense, the Hexapoda alone. See <er>Hexapoda</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>In the most general sense, the Hexapoda, Myriapoda, and Arachnoidea, combined.</def>

<note>&hand; The typical Insecta, or hexapod insects, are divided into several orders, viz.: <stype>Hymenoptera</stype>, as the bees and ants; <stype>Diptera</stype>, as the common flies and gnats; <stype>Aphaniptera</stype>, or fleas; <stype>Lepidoptera</stype>, or moths and butterflies; <stype>Neuroptera</stype>, as the ant-lions and hellgamite; <stype>Coleoptera</stype>, or beetles; <stype>Hemiptera</stype>, as bugs, lice, aphids; <stype>Orthoptera</stype>, as grasshoppers and cockroaches; <stype>Pseudoneuroptera</stype>, as the dragon flies and termites; <stype>Euplexoptera</stype>, or earwings; <stype>Thysanura</stype>, as the springtails, podura, and lepisma. See these words in the Vocabulary.</note>

<h1>Insectary</h1>
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<hw>In"sec*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place for keeping living insects.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`sec*ta"ri*um</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety></wordforms>

<h1>Insectation</h1>
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<hw>In`sec*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insectatio</ets>. See <er>Insectator</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of pursuing; pursuit; harassment; persecution.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Insectator</h1>
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<hw>In`sec*ta"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>insectari</ets> to pursue, freq. fr. <ets>insequi</ets>. See <er>Ensue</er>.]</ety> <def>A pursuer; a persecutor; a censorious critic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Insected</h1>
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<hw>In"sect*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, having the nature of, or resembling, an insect.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Insecticide</h1>
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<hw>In*sec"ti*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Insect</ets> + L. <ets>caedere</ets> to kill.]</ety> <def>An agent or preparation for destroying insects; an insect powder.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In*sec"ti*ci`dal</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Insectile</h1>
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<hw>In*sec"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or having the nature of, insects.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Insection</h1>
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<hw>In*sec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Insect</er>.]</ety> <def>A cutting in; incisure; incision.</def>

<h1>Insectivora</h1>
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<hw>In`sec*tiv"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>insectum</ets> an insect + <ets>vorare</ets> to devour.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An order of mammals which feed principally upon insects.</def>

<note>&hand; They are mostly of small size, and their molar teeth have sharp cusps. Most of the species burrow in the earth, and many of those of cold climates hibernate in winter. The order includes the moles, shrews, hedgehogs, tanrecs, and allied animals, also the colugo.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A division of the Cheiroptera, including the common or insect-eating bats.</def>

<h1>Insectivore</h1>
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<hw>In*sec"ti*vore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Insectivores</plw> <tt>(-v&omac;rz)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Insectivora.</def>

<h1>Insectivorous</h1>
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<hw>In`sec*tiv"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Insectivora</er>.]</ety> <def>Feeding or subsisting on insects; carnivorous</def>. The term is applied: <sd>(a)</sd> to <def>plants which have some special adaptation for catching and digesting insects, as the sundew, Venus's flytrap, Sarracenia, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> to <def>the Insectivora, and to many bats, birds, and reptiles.</def>

<h1>Insectologer</h1>
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<hw>In`sec*tol"o*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An entomologist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Insectology</h1>
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<hw>In`sec*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Insect</ets> + -<ets>logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>insectologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Entomology.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Insecure</h1>
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<hw>In`se*cure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not secure; not confident of safety or permanence; distrustful; suspicious; apprehensive of danger or loss.</def>

<blockquote>With sorrow and <b>insecure</b> apprehensions.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not effectually guarded, protected, or sustained; unsafe; unstable; exposed to danger or loss.</def>

<i>Bp. Hurg.</i>

<blockquote>The trade with Egypt was exceedingly <b>insecure</b> and precarious.
<i>Mickle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insecurely</h1>
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<hw>In`se*cure"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an insecure manner.</def>

<h1>Insecureness</h1>
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<hw>In`se*cure"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Insecurity.</def>

<h1>Insecurity</h1>
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<hw>In`se*cu"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Insecurities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Pref.<ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>security</ets> : cf. LL. <ets>insecuritas</ets>, F. <ets>insecurite</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition or quality of being insecure; want of safety; danger; hazard; <as>as, the <ex>insecurity</ex> of a building liable to fire; <ex>insecurity</ex> of a debt.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of feeling insecure; uncertainty; want of confidence.</def>

<blockquote>With what <b>insecurity</b> of truth we ascribe effects . . . unto arbitrary calculations.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A time of <b>insecurity</b>, when interests of all sorts become objects of speculation.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insecution</h1>
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<hw>In`se*cu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insecutio</ets>, fr. <ets>insequi</ets> p. p. <ets>insecutus</ets>. See <er>Ensue</er>.]</ety> <def>A following after; close pursuit. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<hr>
<page="769">
Page 769<p>

<h1>Inseminate</h1>
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<hw>In*sem"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inseminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inseminare</ets> to sow. See <er>Seminate</er>.]</ety> <def>To sow; to impregnate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Insemination</h1>
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<hw>In*sem`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sowing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Insensate</h1>
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<hw>In*sen"sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insensatus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Sensate</er>.]</ety> <def>Wanting sensibility; destitute of sense; stupid; foolish.</def>

<blockquote>The silence and the calm
Of mute, <b>insensate</b> things.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The meddling folly or <b>insensate</b> ambition of statesmen.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*sen"sate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In*sen"sate*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Insense</h1>
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<hw>In*sense"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>sense</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make to understand; to instruct.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Insensibility</h1>
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<hw>In*sen`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>insensibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being insensible; want of sensibility; torpor; unconsciousness; <as>as, the <ex>insensibility</ex> produced by a fall, or by opiates</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Want of tenderness or susceptibility of emotion or passion; dullness; stupidity.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Dullness; numbness; unfeelingness; stupidity; torpor; apathy; impassiveness; indifference.</syn>

<h1>Insensible</h1>
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<hw>In*sen"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insensibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>insensible</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Sensible</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of the power of feeling or perceiving; wanting bodily sensibility.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not susceptible of emotion or passion; void of feeling; apathetic; unconcerned; indifferent; <as>as, <ex>insensible</ex> to danger, fear, love, etc.</as>; -- often used with <i>of</i> or <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Accept an obligation without being a slave to the giver, or <b>insensible</b> to his kindness.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lost in their loves, <b>insensible</b> of shame.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Incapable of being perceived by the senses; imperceptible. Hence: Progressing by imperceptible degrees; slow; gradual; <as>as, <ex>insensible</ex> motion</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Two small and almost <b>insensible</b> pricks were found upon Cleopatra's arm.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They fall away,
And languish with <b>insensible</b> decay.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not sensible or reasonable; meaningless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If it make the indictment be <b>insensible</b> or uncertain, it shall be quashed.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Imperceptible; imperceivable; dull; stupid; torpid; numb; unfeeling; apathetic; stoical; impassive; indifferent; unsusceptible; hard; callous.</syn>

<h1>Insensibleness</h1>
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<hw>In*sen"si*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Insensibility.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Insensibly</h1>
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<hw>In*sen"si*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner not to be felt or perceived; imperceptibly; gradually.</def>

<blockquote>The hills rise <b>insensibly</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insensitive</h1>
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<hw>In*sen"si*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not sensitive; wanting sensation, or wanting acute sensibility.</def>

<i>Tillotson. Ruskin.</i>

<h1>Insensuous</h1>
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<hw>In*sen"su*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>sensuous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not sensuous; not pertaining to, affecting, or addressing, the senses.</def>

<blockquote>That intermediate door
Betwixt the different planes of sensuous form
And form <b>insensuous</b>.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insentiment</h1>
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<hw>In*sen"ti*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not sentient; not having perception, or the power of perception.</def>

<blockquote>The . . . attributes of an <b>insentient</b>, inert substance.
<i>Reid.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But there can be nothing like to this sensation in the rose, because it is <b>insentient</b>.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inseparability</h1>
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<hw>In*sep`a*ra*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inseparabilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ins\'82parabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being inseparable; inseparableness.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Inseparable</h1>
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<hw>In*sep"a*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inseparabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ins\'82parable</ets>. See <er>In-</er>, and <er>Separable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not separable; incapable of being separated or disjoined.</def>

<blockquote>The history of every language is <b>inseparable</b> from that of the people by whom it is spoken.
<i>Mure.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Liberty and union, now and forever, one and <b>inseparable</b>.
<i>D. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Invariably attached to some word, stem, or root; <as>as, the <ex>inseparable</ex> particle <ex>un</ex>-</as>.</def>

<h1>Inseparableness</h1>
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<hw>In*sep"a*ra*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being inseparable; inseparability.</def>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Inseparably</h1>
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<hw>In*sep"a*ra*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inseparable manner or condition; so as not to be separable.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>And cleaves through life <b>inseparably</b> close.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inseparate</h1>
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<hw>In*sep"a*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inseparatus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Separate</er>.]</ety> <def>Not separate; together; united.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Inseparately</h1>
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<hw>In*sep"a*rate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Inseparably.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cranmer.</i>

<h1>Insert</h1>
<Xpage=769>

<hw>In*sert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inserted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inserting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>insertus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inserere</ets> to insert; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>serere</ets> to join, connect. See <er>Series</er>.]</ety> <def>To set within something; to put or thrust in; to introduce; to cause to enter, or be included, or contained; <as>as, to <ex>insert</ex> a scion in a stock; to <ex>insert</ex> a letter, word, or passage in a composition; to <ex>insert</ex> an advertisement in a newspaper.</as></def>

<blockquote>These words were very weakly <b>inserted</b> where they will be so liable to misconstruction.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inserted</h1>
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<hw>In*sert"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Situated upon, attached to, or growing out of, some part; -- said especially of the parts of the flower; <as>as, the calyx, corolla, and stamens of many flowers are <ex>inserted</ex> upon the receptacle</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Inserting</h1>
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<hw>In*sert"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A setting in.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something inserted or set in, as lace, etc., in garments.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Insertion</h1>
<Xpage=769>

<hw>In*ser"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insertio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>insertion</ets>. See <er>Insert</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inserting; <as>as, the <ex>insertion</ex> of scions in stocks; the <ex>insertion</ex> of words or passages in writings.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The condition or mode of being inserted or attached; <as>as, the <ex>insertion</ex> of stamens in a calyx</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is set in or inserted, especially a narrow strip of embroidered lace, muslin, or cambric.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The point or part by which a muscle or tendon is attached to the part to be moved; -- in contradistinction to its <i>origin</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Epigynous insertion</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the insertion of stamens upon the ovary.</cd> -- <col>Hypogynous insertion</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>insertion beneath the ovary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inserve</h1>
<Xpage=769>

<hw>In*serve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inservire</ets>; <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>servire</ets> to serve.]</ety> <def>To be of use to an end; to serve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inservient</h1>
<Xpage=769>

<hw>In*serv"i*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inserviens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>inservire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Conducive; instrumental.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Insession</h1>
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<hw>In*ses"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insessio</ets>, fr. <ets>insidere</ets>, <ets>insessum</ets>, to sit in. See <er>Insidious</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of sitting, as in a tub or bath.</def> "Used by way of fomentation, <i>insession</i>, or bath." <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That in which one sits, as a bathing tub.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Insessions</b> be bathing tubs half full.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insessor</h1>
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<hw>In*ses"sor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Insessores</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Insessores</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Insessores. The group includes most of the common singing birds.</def>

<h1>Insessores</h1>
<Xpage=769>

<hw>In`ses*so"res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>insessor</ets>, lit., one who sits down, fr. <ets>incidere</ets>. See <er>Insession</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of birds, formerly established to include the perching birds, but now generally regarded as an artificial group.</def>

<h1>Insessorial</h1>
<Xpage=769>

<hw>In`ses*so"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or having the character of, perching birds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Belonging or pertaining to the Insessores.</def>

<h1>Inset</h1>
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<hw>In*set"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To infix.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Inset</h1>
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<hw>In"set</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is inserted or set in; an insertion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld> <def>One or more separate leaves inserted in a volume before binding; as: <sd>(a)</sd> A portion of the printed sheet in certain sizes of books which is cut off before folding, and set into the middle of the folded sheet to complete the succession of paging; -- also called <i>offcut</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> A page or pages of advertisements inserted.</def>

<h1>Inseverable</h1>
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<hw>In*sev"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being severed; indivisible; inseparable.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Inshaded</h1>
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<hw>In*shad"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marked with different shades.</def>

<i>W. Browne.</i>

<h1>Inshave</h1>
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<hw>In"shave`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A plane for shaving or dressing the concave or inside faces of barrel staves.</def>

<h1>Insheathe</h1>
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<hw>In*sheathe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To insert as in a sheath; to sheathe.</def>

<i>Hughes.</i>

<h1>Inshell</h1>
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<hw>In*shell"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To hide in a shell.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Inship</h1>
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<hw>In*ship"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To embark.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Inshore</h1>
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<hw>In"shore`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being near or moving towards the shore; <as>as, <ex>inshore</ex> fisheries; <ex>inshore</ex> currents.</as></def> -- <def2><tt>adv.</tt> <def>Towards the shore; <as>as, the boat was headed <ex>inshore</ex></as>.</def></def2>

<h1>Inshrine</h1>
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<hw>In*shrine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Enshrine</er>.</def>

<h1>Insiccation</h1>
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<hw>In`sic*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of drying in.</def>

<h1>Inside</h1>
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<hw>In"side`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> or <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Within the sides of; in the interior; contained within; <as>as, <ex>inside</ex> a house, book, bottle, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Inside</h1>
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<hw>In"side`</hw>, <tt>a</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being within; included or inclosed in anything; contained; interior; internal; <as>as, the <ex>inside</ex> passengers of a stagecoach; <ex>inside</ex> decoration.</as></def>

<blockquote>Kissing with <b>inside</b> lip.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Adapted to the interior.</def>

<cs><col>Inside callipers</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>callipers for measuring the diameters of holes, etc.</cd> -- <col>Inside finish</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a general term for the final work in any building necessary for its completion, but other than unusual decoration; thus, in joiner work, the doors and windows, inside shutters, door and window trimmings, paneled jams, baseboards, and sometimes flooring and stairs; in plaster work, the finishing coat, the cornices, centerpieces, etc.,; in painting, all simple painting of woodwork and plastering.</cd> -- <col>Inside track</col>, <cd>the inner part of a race course; hence, colloquially, advantage of place, facilities, etc., in competition.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inside</h1>
<Xpage=769>

<hw>In"side`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The part within; interior or internal portion; content.</def>

<blockquote>Looked he o' the <b>inside</b> of the paper?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The inward parts; entrails; bowels; hence, that which is within; private thoughts and feelings.</def>

<blockquote>Here's none but friends; we may speak
Our <b>insides</b> freely.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An inside passenger of a coach or carriage, as distinguished from one upon the outside.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>So down thy hill, romantic Ashbourne, glides
The Derby dilly, carrying three <b>insides</b>.
<i>Anti-Jacobin.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Patent insides</col> &or; <col>outside</col></mcol>, <cd>a name give to newspaper sheets printed on one side with general and miscellaneous matter, and furnished wholesale to offices of small newspapers, where the blank pages are filled up with recent and local news.</cd></cs>

<h1>Insidiate</h1>
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<hw>In*sid"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insidiatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>insidiare</ets> to lie in ambush, fr. <ets>insidiae</ets>. See <er>Insidious</er>.]</ety> <def>To lie in ambush for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Heywood.</i>

<h1>Insidiator</h1>
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<hw>In*sid"i*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who lies in ambush.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Insidious</h1>
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<hw>In*sid"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insidiosus</ets>, fr. <ets>insidiae</ets> an ambush, fr. <ets>insidere</ets> to sit in; pref. <ets>in-</ets> + <ets>sedere</ets> to sit: cf. F. <ets>insidieux</ets>. See <er>Sit</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Lying in wait; watching an opportunity to insnare or entrap; deceitful; sly; treacherous; -- said of persons; <as>as, the <ex>insidious</ex> foe</as>.</def> "The <i>insidious</i> witch."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Intended to entrap; characterized by treachery and deceit; <as>as, <ex>insidious</ex> arts</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>insidious</b> whisper of the bad angel.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Insidious disease</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a disease existing, without marked symptoms, but ready to become active upon some slight occasion; a disease not appearing to be as bad as it really is.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Crafty; wily; artful; sly; designing; guileful; circumventive; treacherous; deceitful; deceptive.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*sid"i*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In*sid"i*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Insight</h1>
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<hw>In"sight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sight or view of the interior of anything; a deep inspection or view; introspection; -- frequently used with <i>into</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He had an <b>insight</b> into almost all the secrets of state.
<i>Jortin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Power of acute observation and deduction; penetration; discernment; perception.</def>

<blockquote>Quickest <b>insight</b>
In all things that to greatest actions lead.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insignia</h1>
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<hw>In*sig"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insigne</ets>, pl. <ets>insignia</ets>, fr. <ets>insignis</ets> distinguished by a mark; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>signum</ets> a mark, sign. See <er>Ensign</er>, <er>Sign</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Distinguishing marks of authority, office, or honor; badges; tokens; decorations; <as>as, the <ex>insignia</ex> of royalty or of an order</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Typical and characteristic marks or signs, by which anything is known or distinguished; <as>as, the <ex>insignia</ex> of a trade</as>.</def>

<h1>Insignificance</h1>
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<hw>In`sig*nif"i*cance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition or quality of being insignificant; want of significance, sense, or meaning; <as>as, the <ex>insignificance</ex> of words or phrases</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Want of force or effect; unimportance; pettiness; inefficacy; <as>as, the <ex>insignificance</ex> of human art</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Want of claim to consideration or notice; want of influence or standing; meanness.</def>

<blockquote>Reduce him, from being the first person in the nation, to a state of <b>insignificance</b>.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insignificancy</h1>
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<hw>In`sig*nif"i*can*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Insignificance.</def>

<h1>Insignificant</h1>
<Xpage=769>

<hw>In`sig*nif"i*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not significant; void of signification, sense, or import; meaningless; <as>as, <ex>insignificant</ex> words</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having no weight or effect; answering no purpose; unimportant; valueless; futile.</def>

<blockquote>Laws must be <b>insignificant</b> without the sanction of rewards and punishments.
<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Without weight of character or social standing; mean; contemptible; <as>as, an <ex>insignificant</ex> person</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Unimportant; immaterial; inconsiderable; small; inferior; trivial; mean; contemptible.</syn>

<h1>Insignificantly</h1>
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<hw>In`sig*nif"i*cant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>without significance, importance, or effect; to no purpose.</def> "Anger <i>insignificantly</i> fierce."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Insignificative</h1>
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<hw>In`sig*nif"i*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insignificativus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Significative</er>.]</ety> <def>Not expressing meaning; not significant.</def>

<h1>Insignment</h1>
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<hw>In*sign"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Insignia</er>.]</ety> <def>A token, mark, or explanation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Insimulate</h1>
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<hw>In*sim"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insimulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>insimulare</ets> to accuse.]</ety> <def>To accuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Insincere</h1>
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<hw>In`sin*cere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insincerus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Sincere</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not being in truth what one appears to be; not sincere; dissembling; hypocritical; disingenuous; deceitful; false; -- said of persons; also of speech, thought; etc.; <as>as, <ex>insincere</ex> declarations</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disappointing; imperfect; unsound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To render sleep's soft blessings <b>insincere</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Dissembling; hollow; hypocritical; deceptive deceitful; false; disingenuous; untrustworthy.</syn>

<h1>Insincerely</h1>
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<hw>In`sin*cere"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without sincerity.</def>

<h1>Insincerity</h1>
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<hw>In`sin*cer"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>insinc\'82rit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being insincere; want of sincerity, or of being in reality what one appears to be; dissimulation; hypocritical; deceitfulness; hollowness; untrustworthiness; <as>as, the <ex>insincerity</ex> of a professed friend; the <ex>insincerity</ex> of professions of regard.</as></def>

<blockquote>What men call policy and knowledge of the world, is commonly no other thing than dissimulation and <b>insincerity</b>.
<i>Blair.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insinew</h1>
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<hw>In*sin"ew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Insinewed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Insinewing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strengthen, as with sinews; to invigorate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All members of our cause, . . .
That are <b>insinewed</b> to this action.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insinuant</h1>
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<hw>In*sin"u*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insinuans</ets>, p. pr.: cf. F. <ets>insinuant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Insinuating; insinuative.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Insinuate</h1>
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<hw>In*sin"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Insinuated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Insinuating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>insinuatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>insinuare</ets>to insinuate; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>sinus</ets> the bosom. See <er>Sinuous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To introduce gently or slowly, as by a winding or narrow passage, or a gentle, persistent movement.</def>

<blockquote>The water easily <b>insinuates</b> itself into, and placidly distends, the vessels of vegetables.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To introduce artfully; to infuse gently; to instill.</def>

<blockquote>All the art of rhetoric, besides order and clearness, are for nothing else but to <b>insinuate</b> wrong ideas, move the passions, and thereby mislead the judgment.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Horace laughs to shame all follies and <b>insinuates</b> virtue, rather by familiar examples than by the severity of precepts.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To hint; to suggest by remote allusion; -- often used derogatorily; as, did you mean to <i>insinuate</i> anything?</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To push or work (one's self), as into favor; to introduce by slow, gentle, or artful means; to ingratiate; -- used reflexively.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>insinuated</b> himself into the very good grace of the Duke of Buckingham.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To instill; hint; suggest; intimate.</syn>

<h1>Insinuate</h1>
<Xpage=769>

<hw>In*sin"u*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To creep, wind, or flow in; to enter gently, slowly, or imperceptibly, as into crevices.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To ingratiate one's self; to obtain access or favor by flattery or cunning.</def>

<blockquote>He would <b>insinuate</b> with thee but to make thee sigh.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>insinuate</b>, flatter, bow, and bend my limbs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insinuating</h1>
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<hw>In*sin"u*a`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Winding, creeping, or flowing in, quietly or stealthily; suggesting; winning favor and confidence insensibly.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>His address was courteous, and even <b>insinuating</b>.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insinuatingly</h1>
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<hw>In*sin"u*a`ting*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By insinuation.</def>

<h1>Insinuation</h1>
<Xpage=769>

<hw>In*sin"u*a`tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insinuatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>insinuation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of insinuating; a creeping, winding, or flowing in.</def>

<blockquote>By a soft <b>insinuation</b> mix'd
With earth's large mass.
<i>Crashaw.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of gaining favor, affection, or influence, by gentle or artful means; -- formerly used in a good sense, as of friendly influence or interposition.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<blockquote>I hope through the <b>insinuation</b> of Lord Scarborough to keep them here till further orders.
<i>Lady Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The art or power of gaining good will by a prepossessing manner.</def>

<blockquote>He bad a natural <b>insinuation</b> and address which made him acceptable in the best company.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is insinuated; a hint; a suggestion or intimation by distant allusion; <as>as, slander may be conveyed by <ex>insinuations</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>I scorn your coarse <b>insinuation</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Hint; intimation; suggestion. See <er>Innuendo</er>.</syn>

<hr>
<page="770">
Page 770<p>

<h1>Insinuative</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sin"u*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>insinuatif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Stealing on or into the confidence or affections; having power to gain favor.</def> "Crafty, <i>insinuative</i>, plausible men."

<i>Bp. Reynolds.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Using insinuations; giving hints; insinuating; <as>as, <ex>insinuative</ex> remark</as>.</def>

<h1>Insinuator</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sin"u*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., an introducer.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, insinuates.</def>

<i>De Foe.</i>

<h1>Insinuatory</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sin"u*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Insinuative.</def>

<h1>Insipid</h1>
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<hw>In*sip"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insipidus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>sapidus</ets> savory, fr. <ets>sapere</ets> to taste: cf. F. <ets>insipide</ets>. See <er>Savor</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanting in the qualities which affect the organs of taste; without taste or savor; vapid; tasteless; <as>as, <ex>insipid</ex> drink or food</as>.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wanting in spirit, life, or animation; uninteresting; weak; vapid; flat; dull; heavy; <as>as, an <ex>insipid</ex> woman; an <ex>insipid</ex> composition.</as></def>

<blockquote>Flat, <b>insipid</b>, and ridiculous stuff to him.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But his wit is faint, and his salt, if I may dare to say so, almost <b>insipid</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Tasteless; vapid; dull; spiritless; unanimated; lifeless; flat; stale; pointless; uninteresting.</syn>

<h1>Insipidity, Insipidness</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw><hw>In`si*pid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*sip"id*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>insipidit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being insipid; vapidity.</def> "Dryden's lines shine strongly through the <i>insipidity</i> of Tate's."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Insipidly</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sip"id*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an insipid manner; without taste, life, or spirit; flatly.</def>

<i>Locke. Sharp.</i>

<h1>Insipience</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sip"i*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insipientia</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>insipience</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of intelligence; stupidity; folly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Insipient</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sip"i*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insipiens</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>sapiens</ets> wise.]</ety> <def>Wanting wisdom; stupid; foolish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Clarendon</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An insipient person.</def></def2> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fryth.</i>

<h1>Insist</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sist"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Insisted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Insisting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>insister</ets>, L. <ets>insistere</ets> to set foot upon, follow, persist; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>sistere</ets> to stand, cause to stand. See <er>Stand</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To stand or rest; to find support; -- with <i>in</i>, <i>on</i>, or <i>upon</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take a stand and refuse to give way; to hold to something firmly or determinedly; to be persistent, urgent, or pressing; to persist in demanding; -- followed by <i>on</i>, <i>upon</i>, or <i>that</i>; <as>as, he <ex>insisted</ex> on these conditions; he <ex>insisted</ex> on going at once; he <ex>insists</ex> that he must have money.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Insisting</b> on the old prerogative.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Without further <b>insisting</b> on the different tempers of Juvenal and Horace.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Insist</er>, <er>Persist</er>.</syn>  -- <usage><i>Insist</i> implies some alleged right, as authority or claim. <i>Persist</i> may be from obstinacy alone, and either with or against rights. We <i>insist</i> as against others; we <i>persist</i> in what exclusively relates to ourselves; <as>as, he <ex>persisted</ex> in that course</as>; he <i>insisted</i> on his friend's adopting it.</usage>

<i>C. J. Smith.</i>

<h1>Insistence</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sist"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of insisting, or being urgent or pressing; the act of dwelling upon as of special importance; persistence; urgency.</def>

<h1>Insistent</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sist"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insistens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>insistere</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Standing or resting on something; <as>as, an <ex>insistent</ex> wall</as>.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Insisting; persistent; persevering.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Incumbent</er>.</def>

<h1>Insistently</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sist"ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an insistent manner.</def>

<h1>Insisture</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sis"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dwelling or standing on something; fixedness; persistence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Insitency</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*si"ten*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + L. <ets>sitiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>sitire</ets> to be thirsty, fr. <ets>sitis</ets> thirst.]</ety> <def>Freedom from thirst.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>insitiency</b> of a camel for traveling in deserts.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insition</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insitio</ets>, fr. <ets>inserere</ets>, <ets>insitum</ets>, to sow or plant in, to ingraft; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>serere</ets>, <ets>satum</ets>, to sow.]</ety> <def>The insertion of a scion in a stock; ingraftment.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>In situ</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In` si"tu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>In its natural position or place; -- said of a rock or fossil, when found in the situation in which it was originally formed or deposited.</def>

<h1>Insnare</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*snare"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Insnared</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Insnaring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Written also <ets>ensnare</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To catch in a snare; to entrap; to take by artificial means.</def> "<i>Insnare</i> a gudgeon."

<i>Fenton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take by wiles, stratagem, or deceit; to involve in difficulties or perplexities; to seduce by artifice; to inveigle; to allure; to entangle.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>insnaring</b> charms
Of love's soft queen.
<i>Glover.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insnarer</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*snar"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who insnares.</def>

<h1>Insnarl</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*snarl"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make into a snarl or knot; to entangle; to snarl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Insobriety</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In`so*bri"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets><?/obriety</ets>: cf. F. <ets>insobri\'82t\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of sobriety, moderation, or calmness; intemperance; drunkenness.</def>

<h1>Insociability</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*so`cia*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>insociabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being insociable; want of sociability; unsociability.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Insociable</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*so"cia*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insociabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>insociable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Sociable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Incapable of being associated, joined, or connected.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lime and wood are <b>insociable</b>.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not sociable or companionable; disinclined to social intercourse or conversation; unsociable; taciturn.</def>

<blockquote>This austere <b>insociable</b> life.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insociably</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*so"cia*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Unsociably.</def>

<h1>Insociate</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*so"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not associate; without a companion; single; solitary; recluse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>insociate</i> virgin life."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Insolate</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In"so*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Insolated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Insolating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>insolatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>insolare</ets> to expose to the sun; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>sol</ets> the sun.]</ety> <def>To dry in, or to expose to, the sun's rays; to ripen or prepare by such exposure.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Insolation</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In`so*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insolatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>insolation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process to exposing to the rays of the sun fro the purpose of drying or maturing, as fruits, drugs, etc., or of rendering acid, as vinegar.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A sunstroke.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Exposure of a patient to the sun's rays; a sun bath.</def>

<h1>Insole</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In"sole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The inside sole of a boot or shoe; also, a loose, thin strip of leather, felt, etc., placed <?/<?/cide the shoe for warmth or ease.</def>

<h1>Insolence</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In"so*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>insolence</ets>, L. <ets>insolentia</ets>. See <er>Insolent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being unusual or novel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of being insolent; pride or haughtiness manifested in contemptuous and overbearing treatment of others; arrogant contempt; brutal imprudence.</def>

<blockquote>Flown with <b>insolence</b> and wine.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Insolent conduct or treatment; insult.</def>

<blockquote>Loaded with fetters and <b>insolences</b> from the soldiers.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insolence</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In"so*lence</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To insult.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Eikon Basilike.</i>

<h1>Insolency</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In"so*len*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Insolence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Insolent</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In"so*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>insolent</ets>, L. <ets>insolens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>solens</ets> accustomed, p. pr. of <ets>solere</ets> to be accustomed.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Deviating from that which is customary; novel; strange; unusual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If one chance to derive any word from the Latin which is <b>insolent</b> to their ears . . . they forth with make a jest at it.
<i>Petti<?/<?/</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If any should accuse me of being new or <b>insolent</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Haughty and contemptuous or brutal in behavior or language; overbearing; domineering; grossly rude or disrespectful; saucy; <as>as, an <ex>insolent</ex> master; an <ex>insolent</ex> servant.</as></def> "A paltry, <i>insolent</i> fellow."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote><b>Insolent</b> is he that despiseth in his judgment all other folks as in regard of his value, of his cunning, of his speaking, and of his bearing.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Can you not see? or will ye not observe . . .
How <b>insolent</b> of late he is become,
How proud, how peremptory?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Proceeding from or characterized by insolence; insulting; <as>as, <ex>insolent</ex> words or behavior</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Their <b>insolent</b> triumph excited . . . indignation.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Overbearing; insulting; abusive; offensive; saucy; impudent; audacious; pert; impertinent; rude; reproachful; opprobrious.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Insolent</er>, <er>Insulting</er>. <i>Insolent</i>, in its primitive sense, simply denoted <i>unusual</i>; and to act <i>insolently</i> was to act in violation of the established rules of social intercourse. He who did this was <i>insolent</i>; and thus the word became one of the most offensive in our language, indicating gross disregard for the feelings of others. <i>Insulting</i> denotes a personal attack, either in words or actions, indicative either of scorn or triumph. Compare <er>Impertinent</er>, <er>Affront</er>, <er>Impudence</er>.</usage>

<h1>Insolently</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In"so*lent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an insolent manner.</def>

<h1>Insolidity</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In`so*lid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>solidity</ets>: cf. F. <ets>insolidit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of solidity; weakness; <as>as, the <ex>insolidity</ex> of an argument</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Insolubility</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sol`u*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insolubilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>insolubilit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being insoluble or not dissolvable, as in a fluid.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of being inexplicable or insolvable.</def>

<h1>Insoluble</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sol"u*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insolubilis</ets> indissoluble, that can not be loosed: cf. F. <ets>insoluble</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Soluble</er>, and cf. <er>Insolvable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not soluble; in capable or difficult of being dissolved, as by a liquid; <as>as, chalk is <ex>insoluble</ex> in water</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not to be solved or explained; insolvable; <as>as, an <ex>insoluble</ex> doubt, question, or difficulty</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Strong.</def> "An <i>insoluble</i> wall." <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland</i>

<h1>Insolubleness</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sol"u*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being insoluble; insolubility</def>.

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Insolvable</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*solv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not solvable; insoluble; admitting no solution or explanation; <as>as, an <ex>insolvable</ex> problem or difficulty</as>.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Incapable of being paid or discharged, as debts.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not capable of being loosed or disentangled; inextricable.</def> "Bands <i>insolvable</i>."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Insolvency</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sol"ven*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Insolvencies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The condition of being insolvent; the state or condition of a person who is insolvent; the condition of one who is unable to pay his debts as they fall due, or in the usual course of trade and business; <as>as, a merchant's <ex>insolvency</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Insufficiency to discharge all debts of the owner; <as>as, the <ex>insolvency</ex> of an estate</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Act of insolvency</col>. <cd>See <cref>Insolvent law</cref> under <er>Insolvent</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Insolvent</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sol"vent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>solvent</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>insolvent</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Not solvent; not having sufficient estate to pay one's debts; unable to pay one's debts as they fall due, in the ordinary course of trade and business; <as>as, in <ex>insolvent</ex> debtor</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not sufficient to pay all the debts of the owner; <as>as, an <ex>insolvent</ex> estate</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Relating to persons unable to pay their debts.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Insolvent law</col>, &or; <col>Act of insolvency</col></mcol>, <cd>a law affording relief, -- subject to various modifications in different States, -- to insolvent debtors, upon their delivering up their property for the benefit of their creditors. See <cref>Bankrupt law</cref>, under <er>Bankrupt</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Insolvent</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sol"vent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who is insolvent; as insolvent debtor; -- in England, before 1861, especially applied to persons not traders.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Insomnia</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*som"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>insomnis</ets> sleepless; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>somnus</ets> sleep.]</ety> <def>Want of sleep; inability to sleep; wakefulness; sleeplessness.</def>

<h1>Insomnious</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*som"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insomniosus</ets>, fr. <ets>insomnia</ets> insomnia.]</ety> <def>Restless; sleepless.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Insomnolence</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*som"no*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sleeplessness.</def>

<h1>Insomuch</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In`so*much"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So; to such a degree; in such wise; -- followed by <i>that</i> or <i>as</i>, and formerly sometimes by both. Cf. <er>Inasmuch</er>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Insomusch</b> as that field is called . . . Aceldama.
<i>Acts i. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Simonides was an excellent poet, <b>insomuch</b> that he made his fortune by it.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insonorous</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In`so*no"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not clear or melodious.</def>

<h1>Insooth</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sooth"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In sooth; truly.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Insouciance</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In`sou`ciance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Carelessness; heedlessness; thoughtlessness; unconcern.</def>

<h1>Insouciant</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In`sou`ciant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Careless; heedless; indifferent; unconcerned.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Insoul</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*soul"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To set a soul in; reflexively, to fix one's strongest affections on.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>[He] could not but <b>insoul</b> himself in her.
<i>Feltham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inspan</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*span"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>inspannen</ets>.]</ety> <def>To yoke or harness, as oxen to a vehicle.</def> <mark>[South Africa]</mark>
<-- cf. outspan -->

<h1>Inspect</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*spect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inspected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inspecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>inspectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inspicere</ets> to inspect; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in  + <ets>specere</ets> to look at, to view: cf. F. <ets>inspecter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>inspectare</ets>, freq. fr. <ets>inspicere</ets>. See <er>Spy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To look upon; to view closely and critically, esp. in order to ascertain quality or condition, to detect errors, etc., to examine; to scrutinize; to investigate; <as>as, to <ex>inspect</ex> conduct</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To view and examine officially, as troops, arms, goods offered, work done for the public, etc.; to oversee; to superintend.</def>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Inspect</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*spect"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inspectus</ets>. See <er>Inspect</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Inspection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Inspecttion</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*spect"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inspectio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inspection</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of inspecting or looking at carefully; a strict or prying examination; close or careful scrutiny; investigation.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>With narrow search, and with <b>inspection</b> deep,
Considered every creature.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of overseeing; official examination or superintendence.</def>

<cs><col>Trial by inspection</col> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a mode of trial in which the case was settled by the individual observation and decision of the judge upon the testimony of his own senses, without the intervention of a jury.</cd></cs>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Inspective</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*spect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inspectivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Engaged in inspection; inspecting; involving inspection.</def>

<h1>Inspector</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*spect"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>inspecteur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who inspects, views, or oversees; one to whom the supervision of any work is committed; one who makes an official view or examination, as a military or civil officer; a superintendent; a supervisor; an overseer.</def>

<cs><col>Inspector general</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a staff officer of an army, whose duties are those of inspection, and embrace everything relative to organization, recruiting, discharge, administration, accountability for money and property, instruction, police, and discipline.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inspectorate</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*spect"or*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inspectorship.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Inspectorial</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In`spec*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an inspector or to inspection.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Inspectorship</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*spect"or*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The office of an inspector.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The district embraced by an inspector's jurisdiction.</def>

<h1>Inspectress</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*spect"ress</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female inspector.</def>

<h1>Insperse</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sperse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inspersus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inspergere</ets> to sprinkle upon; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in, on + <ets>spargere</ets> to sprinkle.]</ety> <def>To sprinkle; to scatter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Inspersion</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sper"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inspersio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of sprinkling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Inspeximus</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*spex"i*mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., we have inspected.]</ety> <def>The first word of ancient charters in England, confirming a grant made by a former king; hence, a royal grant.</def>

<h1>Insphere</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*sphere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Insphered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Insphering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Ensphere</er>.]</ety> <def>To place in, or as in, an orb a sphere. Cf. <er>Ensphere</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Bright a\'89rial spirits live <b>insphered</b>
In regions mild of calm and serene air.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inspirable</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*spir"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being inspired or drawn into the lungs; inhalable; respirable; admitting inspiration.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Inspiration</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In`spi*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>inspiration</ets>, L. <ets>inspiratio</ets>. See <er>Inspire</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inspiring or breathing in; breath; specif. <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, the drawing of air into the lungs, accomplished in mammals by elevation of the chest walls and flattening of the diaphragm; -- the opposite of <i>expiration</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or power of exercising an elevating or stimulating influence upon the intellect or emotions; the result of such influence which quickens or stimulates; <as>as, the <ex>inspiration</ex> of occasion, of art, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Your father was ever virtuous, and holy men at their death have good <b>inspirations</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>A supernatural divine influence on the prophets, apostles, or sacred writers, by which they were qualified to communicate moral or religious truth with authority; a supernatural influence which qualifies men to receive and communicate divine truth; also, the truth communicated.</def>

<blockquote>All Scripture is given by <b>inspiration</b> of God.
<i>2 Tim. iii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The age which we now live in is not an age of <b>inspiration</b> and impulses.
<i>Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Plenary inspiration</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>that kind of inspiration which excludes all defect in the utterance of the inspired message.</cd> -- <col>Verbal inspiration</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>that kind of inspiration which extends to the very words and forms of expression of the divine message.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inspirational</h1>
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<hw>In`spi*ra"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to inspiration.</def>

<h1>Inspirationist</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In`spi*ra"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who holds to inspiration.</def>

<h1>Inspirator</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In"spi*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A kind of injector for forcing water by steam. See <er>Injector</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Inspirtory</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*spir"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or aiding, inspiration; <as>as, the <ex>inspiratory</ex> muscles</as>.</def>

<h1>Inspire</h1>
<Xpage=770>

<hw>In*spire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>enspiren</ets>, OF. <ets>enspirer</ets>, <ets>inspirer</ets>, F. <ets>inspirer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>inspirare</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>spirare</ets> to breathe. See <er>Spirit</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To breathe into; to fill with the breath; to animate.</def>

<blockquote>When Zephirus eek, with his sweete breath,
<b>Inspir\'8ad</b> hath in every holt and health
The tender crops.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Descend, ye Nine, descend and sing,
The breathing instruments <b>inspire</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To infuse by breathing, or as if by breathing.</def>

<blockquote>He knew not his Maker, and him that <b>inspired</b> into him an active soul.
<i>Wisdom xv. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To draw in by the operation of breathing; to inhale; -- opposed to <i>expire</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Forced to <b>inspire</b> and expire the air with difficulty.
<i>Harvey.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="771">
Page 771<p>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To infuse into the mind; to communicate to the spirit; to convey, as by a divine or supernatural influence; to disclose preternaturally; to produce in, as by inspiration.</def>

<blockquote>And generous stout courage did <b>inspire</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But dawning day new comfort hath <b>inspired</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To infuse into; to affect, as with a superior or supernatural influence; to fill with what animates, enlivens, or exalts; to communicate inspiration to; <as>as, to <ex>inspire</ex> a child with sentiments of virtue</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Erato, thy poet's mind <b>inspire</b>,
And fill his soul with thy celestial fire.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inspire</h1>
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<hw>In*spire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inspired</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inspiring</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw in breath; to inhale air into the lungs; -- opposed to <i>expire</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To breathe; to blow gently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And when the wind amongst them did <b>inspire</b>,
They wav\'8ad like a penon wide dispread.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inspired</h1>
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<hw>In*spired"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Breathed in; inhaled.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Moved or animated by, or as by, a supernatural influence; affected by divine inspiration; <as>as, the <ex>inspired</ex> prophets; the <ex>inspired</ex> writers.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Communicated or given as by supernatural or divine inspiration; having divine authority; hence, sacred, holy; -- opposed to <i>uninspired</i>, <i>profane</i>, or <i>secular</i>; <as>as, the <ex>inspired</ex> writings, that is, the Scriptures</as>.</def>

<h1>Inspirer</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*spir"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, inspirer.</def> "<i>Inspirer</i> of that holy flame."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Inspiring</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*spir"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Animating; cheering; moving; exhilarating; <as>as, an <ex>inspiring</ex> or scene</as>.</def>

<h1>Inspirit</h1>
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<hw>In*spir"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inspirited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inspiriting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To infuse new life or spirit into; to animate; to encourage; to invigorate.</def>

<blockquote>The courage of Agamemnon is <b>inspirited</b> by the love of empire and ambition.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To enliven; invigorate; exhilarate; animate; cheer; encourage; inspire.</syn>

<h1>Inspissate</h1>
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<hw>In*spis"sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inspissated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inspissating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>inspissatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inspissare</ets> to thicken; pref. <ets>in-</ets> + <ets>spissare</ets> to thicken, fr. <ets>spissus</ets> thick.]</ety> <def>To thicken or bring to greater consistence, as fluids by evaporation.</def>

<h1>Inspissate</h1>
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<hw>In*spis"sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inspissatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Thick or thickened; inspissated.</def>

<i>Greenhill.</i>

<h1>Inspissation</h1>
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<hw>In`spis*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or the process of inspissating, or thickening a fluid substance, as by evaporation; also, the state of being so thickened.</def>

<h1>Instability</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In`sta*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Instabilities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>instabilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>instabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or condition of being unstable; want of stability, firmness, or steadiness; liability to give way or to fail; insecurity; precariousness; <as>as, the <ex>instability</ex> of a building</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lack of determination of fixedness; inconstancy; fickleness; mutability; changeableness; <as>as, <ex>instability</ex> of character, temper, custom, etc.</as></def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Inconstancy; fickleness; changeableness; wavering; unsteadiness; unstableness.</syn>

<h1>Instable</h1>
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<hw>In*sta"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>instabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>instable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Stable</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Unstable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not stable; not standing fast or firm; unstable; prone to change or recede from a purpose; mutable; inconstant.</def>

<h1>Instableness</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*sta"ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Instability; unstableness.</def>

<h1>Install</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*stall"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Installed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Installing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>installer</ets>, LL. <ets>installare</ets>, fr. pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + OHG. <ets>stal</ets> a place, stall, G. <ets>stall</ets>, akin to E. <ets>stall</ets>: cf. It. <ets>installare</ets>. See <er>Stall</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>instal</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To set in a seat; to give a place to; establish (one) in a place.</def>

<blockquote>She <b>installed</b> her guest hospitably by the fireside.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place in an office, rank, or order; to invest with any charge by the usual ceremonies; to instate; to induct; <as>as, to <ex>install</ex> an ordained minister as pastor of a church; to <ex>install</ex> a college president.</as></def>

<blockquote>Unworthily
Thou wast <b>installed</b> in that high degree.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Installation</h1>
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<hw>In`stal*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>installation</ets>, LL. <ets>installatio</ets>: cf. It. <ets>installazione</ets>. See <er>Install</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of installing or giving possession of an office, rank, or order, with the usual rites or ceremonies; <as>as, the <ex>installation</ex> of an ordained minister in a parish</as>.</def>

<blockquote>On the election, the bishop gives a mandate for his <b>installation</b>.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The whole of a system of machines, apparatus, and accessories, when set up and arranged for practical working, as in electric lighting, transmission of power, etc.</def>

<h1>Installment</h1>
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<hw>In*stall"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>instalment</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of installing; installation.</def>

<blockquote>Take oaths from all kings and magistrates at their <b>installment</b>, to do impartial justice by law.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The seat in which one is placed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The several chairs of order, look, you scour; . . .
Each fair <b>installment</b>, coat, and several crest
With loyal blazon, evermore be blest.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A portion of a debt, or sum of money, which is divided into portions that are made payable at different times. Payment by <i>installment</i> is payment by parts at different times, the amounts and times being often definitely stipulated.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Instamp</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*stamp"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Enstamp</er>.</def>

<h1>Instance</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In"stance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>instance</ets>, L. <ets>instantia</ets>, fr. <ets>instans</ets>. See <er>Instant</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or quality of being instant or pressing; urgency; solicitation; application; suggestion; motion.</def>

<blockquote>Undertook at her <b>instance</b> to restore them.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is instant or urgent; motive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>instances</b> that second marriage move
Are base respects of thrift, but none of love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Occasion; order of occurrence.</def>

<blockquote>These seem as if, in the time of Edward I., they were drawn up into the form of a law, in the first <b>instance</b>.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which offers itself or is offered as an illustrative case; something cited in proof or exemplification; a case occurring; an example.</def>

<blockquote>Most remarkable <b>instances</b> of suffering.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A token; a sign; a symptom or indication.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Causes of instance</col>, <cd>those which proceed at the solicitation of some party. <i>Hallifax</i>.</cd> -- <col>Court of first instance</col>, <cd>the court by which a case is first tried.</cd> -- <col>For instance</col>, <cd>by way of example or illustration.</cd> -- <col>Instance Court</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the Court of Admiralty acting within its ordinary jurisdiction, as distinguished from its action as a <i>prize court<i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Example; case. See <er>Example</er>.</syn>

<h1>Instance</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In"stance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Instanced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Instancing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To mention as a case or example; to refer to; to cite; <as>as, to <ex>instance</ex> a fact</as>.</def>

<i>H. Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>I shall not <b>instance</b> an abstruse author.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Instance</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In"stance</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To give an example.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This story doth not only <b>instance</b> in kingdoms, but in families too.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Instancy</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In"stan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Instance; urgency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Those heavenly precepts which our Lord and Savior with so great <b>instancy</b> gave.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Instant</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In"stant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>instans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>instare</ets> to stand upon, to press upon; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in, on + <ets>stare</ets> to stand: cf. F. <ets>in<?/tant</ets>. See <er>Stand</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pressing; urgent; importunate; earnest.</def>

<blockquote>Rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation; continuing <b>instant</b> in prayer.
<i>Rom. xii. 12.            </i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am beginning to be very <b>instant</b> for some sort of occupation.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Closely pressing or impending in respect to time; not deferred; immediate; without delay.</def>

<blockquote>Impending death is thine, and <b>instant</b> doom.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Present; current.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>instant</b> time is always the fittest time.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The word in this sense is now used only in dates, to indicate the current month; as, the tenth of July <i>instant</i>.</note>

<h1>Instant</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In"stant</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Instantly.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Instant</b> he flew with hospitable haste.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Instant</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In"stant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>instant</ets>, fr. L. <ets>instans</ets> standing by, being near, present. See <er>Instant</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A point in duration; a moment; a portion of time too short to be estimated; also, any particular moment.</def>

<blockquote>There is scarce an <b>instant</b> between their flourishing and their not being.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A day of the present or current month; <as>as, the sixth <ex>instant</ex>; -- an elliptical expression equivalent to the sixth of the month <ex>instant</ex>, i. e., the current month</as>. See <er>Instant</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 3.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Moment; flash; second.</syn>

<h1>Instantaneity</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*stan`ta*ne"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>instantan\'82it\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Quality of being instantaneous.</def>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<h1>Instantaneous</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In`stan*ta"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>instantan\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Done or occurring in an instant, or without any perceptible duration of time; <as>as, the passage of electricity appears to be <ex>instantaneous</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>His reason saw
With <b>instantaneous</b> view, the truth of things.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>At or during a given instant; <as>as, <ex>instantaneous</ex> acceleration, velocity, etc.</as></def>

<cs><col>Instantaneous center of rotation</col> <fld>(Kinematics)</fld>, <cd>in a plane or in a plane figure which has motions both of translation and of rotation in the plane, is the point which for the instant is at rest.</cd> -- <col>Instantaneous axis of rotation</col> <fld>(Kinematics)</fld>, <cd>in a body which has motions both of translation and rotation, is a line, which is supposed to be rigidly united with the body, and which for the instant is at rest. The motion of the body is for the instant simply that of rotation about the instantaneous axis.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`stan*ta"ne*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In`stan*ta"ne*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Instanter</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*stan"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[L., vehemently, earnestly. See <er>Instant</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Immediately; instantly; at once; <as>as, he left <ex>instanter</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Instantly</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In"stant*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without the least delay or interval; at once; immediately.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With urgency or importunity; earnestly; pressingly.</def> "They besought him <i>instantly</i>."

<i>Luke vii. 4.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Directly; immediately; at once. See <er>Directly</er>.</syn>

<h1>Instar</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*star"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To stud as with stars.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A golden throne <i>instarred</i> with gems."

<i>J. Barlow.</i>

<h1>Instate</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*state"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Instated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Instating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To set, place, or establish, as in a rank, office, or condition; to install; to invest; <as>as, to <ex>instate</ex> a person in greatness or in favor</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Instaurate</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*stau"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Instaurated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Instaurating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>instauratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>instaurare</ets> to renew. See 1st <er>In-</er>, and <er>Store</er>.]</ety> <def>To renew or renovate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Instauration</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In`stau*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>instauratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>instauration</ets>.]</ety> <def>Restoration after decay, lapse, or dilapidation; renewal; repair; renovation; renaissance.</def>

<blockquote>Some great catastrophe or . . . <b>instauration</b>.
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Instaurator</h1>
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<hw>In"stau*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>instaurateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who renews or restores to a former condition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Instaure</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*staure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Instaurate</er>.]</ety> <def>To renew or renovate; to instaurate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Instead</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*stead"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> + <ets>stead</ets> place.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In the place or room; -- usually followed by <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Let thistles grow of wheat.
<i>Job xxxi. 40.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Absalom made Amasa captain of the host <b>instead</b> of Joab.
<i>2 Sam. xvii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Equivalent; equal to; -- usually with <i>of</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>This very consideration to a wise man is <b>instead</b> of a thousand arguments, to satisfy him, that in those times no such thing was believed.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insteep</h1>
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<hw>In*steep"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Insteeped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Insteeping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To steep or soak; to drench.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "In gore he lay <i>insteeped</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Instep</h1>
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<hw>In"step</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Formerly also <asp>instop</asp>, <asp>instup</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The arched middle portion of the human foot next in front of the ankle joint.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That part of the hind leg of the horse and allied animals, between the hock, or ham, and the pastern joint.</def>

<h1>Instigate</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In"sti*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Instigated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Instigating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>instigatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>instigare</ets> to instigate; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + a root akin to G. <ets>stechen</ets> to prick, E. <ets>stick</ets>. See <er>Stick</er>.]</ety> <def>To goad or urge forward; to set on; to provoke; to incite; -- used chiefly with reference to evil actions; as to <i>instigate</i> one to a crime.</def>

<blockquote>He hath only <b>instigated</b> his blackest agents to the very extent of their malignity.
<i>Bp. Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To stimulate; urge; spur; provoke; tempt; incite; impel; encourage; animate.</syn>

<h1>Instigatingly</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In"sti*ga`ting*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Incitingly; temptingly.</def>

<h1>Instigation</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In`sti*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>instigatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>instigation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of instigating, or the state of being instigated; incitement; esp. to evil or wickedness.</def>

<blockquote>The baseness and villainy that . . . the <b>instigation</b> of the devil could bring the sons of men to.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Instigator</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In"sti*ga`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>instigateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who instigates or incites.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Instill</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*still"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Instilled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Instilling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>instillare</ets>, <ets>instillatum</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>stillare</ets> to drop, fr. <ets>stilla</ets> a drop: cf. F. <ets>instiller</ets>. See <er>Distill</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>instil</asp>.]</altsp> <def>To drop in; to pour in drop by drop; hence, to impart gradually; to infuse slowly; to cause to be imbibed.</def>

<blockquote>That starlight dews
All silently their tears of love <b>instill</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How hast thou <b>instilled</b>
Thy malice into thousands.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To infuse; impart; inspire; implant; inculcate; insinuate.</syn>

<h1>Instillation</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In`stil*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>instillatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>instillation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The of instilling; also, that which is instilled.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Instilllator</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In"still*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instiller.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Instilllatory</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*still"la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to instillation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Instiller</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*still"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who instills.</def>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Instillment</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*still"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of instilling; also, that which is instilled.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>instilment</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Instimulate</h1>
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<hw>In*stim"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>stimulate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not to stimulate; to soothe; to quiet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Instimulate</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*stim"u*late</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>instimulatus</ets>, p. p. <ets>instimulare</ets> to stimulate. See 1st <er>In-</er>, and <er>Stimulate</er>.]</ety> <def>To stimulate; to excite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockerman.</i>

<h1>Instimulation</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*stim`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Stimulation.</def>

<h1>Instinct</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*stinct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>instinctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>instinguere</ets> to instigate, incite; cf. <ets>instigare</ets> to instigate. Cf. <er>Instigate</er>, <er>Distinguish</er>.]</ety> <def>Urged or s<?/<?/mulated from within; naturally moved or impelled; imbued; animated; alive; quick; <as>as, birds <ex>instinct</ex> with life</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The chariot of paternal deity . . .
Itself <b>instinct</b> with spirit, but convoyed
By four cherubic shapes.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A noble performance, <b>instinct</b> with sound principle.
<i>Brougham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Instinct</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In"stinct</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>instinctus</ets> instigation, impulse, fr. <ets>instinguere</ets> to instigate: cf. F. <ets>instinct</ets>. See <er>Instinct</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Natural inward impulse; unconscious, involuntary, or unreasoning prompting to any mode of action, whether bodily, or mental, without a distinct apprehension of the end or object to be accomplished.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>instinct</b> is a propensity prior to experience, and independent of instructions.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An <b>instinct</b> is a blind tendency to some mode of action, independent of any consideration, on the part of the agent, of the end to which the action leads.
<i>Whately.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An <b>instinct</b> is an agent which performs blindly and ignorantly a work of intelligence and knowledge.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By a divine <b>instinct</b>, men's minds mistrust
Ensuing dangers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Specif., the natural, unreasoning, impulse by which an animal is guided to the performance of any action, without of improvement in the method.</def>

<blockquote>The resemblance between what originally was a habit, and an <b>instinct</b> becomes so close as not to be distinguished.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A natural aptitude or knack; a predilection; <as>as, an <ex>instinct</ex> for order; to be modest by <ex>instinct</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Instinct</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*stinct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To impress, as an animating power, or instinct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Instinction</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*stinc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Instinct; incitement; inspiration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Instinctive</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*stinc"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>instinctif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to instinct; derived from, or prompted by, instinct; of the nature of instinct; determined by natural impulse or propensity; acting or produced without reasoning, deliberation, instruction, or experience; spontaneous.</def> "<i>Instinctive</i> motion." <i>Milton</i>. "<i>Instinctive</i> dread."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>With taste <b>instinctive</b> give
Each grace appropriate.
<i>Mason.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Have we had <b>instinctive</b> intimations of the death of some absent friends?
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The terms <i>instinctive belief</i>, <i>instinctive judgment</i>, <i>instinctive cognition</i>, are expressions not ill adapted to characterize a belief, judgment, or cognition, which, as the result of no anterior consciousness, is, like the products of animal instinct, the intelligent effect of (as far as we are concerned) an unknown cause.</note>

<i>Sir H. Hamilton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Natural; voluntary; spontaneous; original; innate; inherent; automatic.</syn>

<h1>Instinctively</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*stinc"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an instinctive manner; by force of instinct; by natural impulse.</def>

<h1>Instinctivity</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In`stinc*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being instinctive, or prompted by instinct.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Instipulate</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In*stip"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Exstipulate</er>.</def>

<h1>Institute</h1>
<Xpage=771>

<hw>In"sti*tute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>institutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>instituere</ets> to place in, to institute, to instruct; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>statuere</ets> to cause to stand, to set. See <er>Statute</er>.]</ety> <def>Established; organized; founded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They have but few laws. For to a people so instruct and <b>institute</b>, very few to suffice.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="772">
Page 772<p>

<h1>Institute</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In"sti*tute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Instituted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Instituting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To set up; to establish; to ordain; <as>as, to <ex>institute</ex> laws, rules, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To originate and establish; to found; to organize; <as>as, to <ex>institute</ex> a court, or a society</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whenever any from of government becomes destructive of these ends it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to <b>institute</b> a new government.
<i>Jefferson (Decl. of Indep. ).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To nominate; to appoint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We <b>institute</b> your Grace
To be our regent in these parts of France.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To begin; to commence; to set on foot; <as>as, to <ex>institute</ex> an inquiry; to <ex>institute</ex> a suit.</as></def>

<blockquote>And haply <b>institute</b>
A course of learning and ingenious studies.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To ground or establish in principles and rudiments; to educate; to instruct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If children were early <b>instituted</b>, knowledge would insensibly insinuate itself.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>To invest with the spiritual charge of a benefice, or the care of souls.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To originate; begin; commence; establish; found; erect; organize; appoint; ordain.</syn>

<h1>Institute</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In"sti*tute</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>institutum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>institut</ets>. See <er>Institute</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> & <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of instituting; institution.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Water sanctified by Christ's <i>institute</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is instituted, established, or fixed, as a law, habit, or custom.</def>

<i>Glover.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: An elementary and necessary principle; a precept, maxim, or rule, recognized as established and authoritative; usually in the plural, a collection of such principles and precepts; esp., a comprehensive summary of legal principles and decisions; <as>as, the <ex>Institutes</ex> of Justinian; Coke's <ex>Institutes</ex> of the Laws of England</as>.  Cf. <er>Digest</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<blockquote>They made a sort of <b>institute</b> and digest of anarchy.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To make the Stoics' <b>institutes</b> thy own.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An institution; a society established for the promotion of learning, art, science, etc.; a college; <as>as, the <ex>Institute</ex> of Technology</as>; also, a building owned or occupied by such an institute; <as>as, the Cooper <ex>Institute</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The person to whom an estate is first given by destination or limitation.</def>

<i>Tomlins.</i>

<cs><col>Institutes of medicine</col>, <cd>theoretical medicine; that department of medical science which attempts to account philosophically for the various phenomena of health as well as of disease; physiology applied to the practice of medicine.</cd>

<i>Dunglison.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Instituter</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In"sti*tu`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An institutor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Institution</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In`sti*tu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>institutio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>institution</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of instituting; as: <sd>(a)</sd> Establishment; foundation; enactment; <as>as, the <ex>institution</ex> of a school</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>institution</b> of God's law is described as being established by solemn injunction.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Instruction; education</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Bentley</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>The act or ceremony of investing a clergyman with the spiritual part of a benefice, by which the care of souls is committed to his charge</def>.

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which instituted or established</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Established order, method, or custom; enactment; ordinance; permanent form of law or polity.</def>

<blockquote>The nature of our people,
Our city's <b>institutions</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An established or organized society or corporation; an establishment, especially of a public character, or affecting a community; a foundation; as, a literary <i>institution</i>; a charitable <i>institution</i>; also, a building or the buildings occupied or used by such organization; as, the Smithsonian <i>Institution</i></def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Anything forming a characteristic and persistent feature in social or national life or habits</def>.

<blockquote>We ordered a lunch (the most delightful of English <b>institutions</b>, next to dinner) to be ready against our return.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which institutes or instructs; a textbook; a system of elements or rules; an institute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There is another manuscript, of above three hundred years old, . . . being an <b>institution</b> of physic.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Institutional</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In`sti*tu"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or treating of, institutions; <as>as, <ex>institutional</ex> legends</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Institutional</b> writers as Rousseau.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Instituted by authority.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Elementary; rudimental.</def>

<h1>Institutionary</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In`sti*tu"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to an institution, or institutions.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Containing the first principles or doctrines; elemental; rudimentary.</def>

<h1>Institutist</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In"sti*tu`tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer or compiler of, or a commentator on, institutes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Institutive</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In"sti*tu`tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tending or intended to institute; having the power to establish.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Established; depending on, or characterized by, institution or order.</def> "<i>Institutive</i> decency."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Institutively</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In"sti*tu`tive*ly</hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In conformity with an institution.</def>

<i>Harrington.</i>

<h1>Institutor</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In"sti*tu`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>instituteur</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who institutes, founds, ordains, or establishes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who educates; an instructor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Walker.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Episcopal Church)</fld> <def>A presbyter appointed by the bishop to institute a rector or assistant minister over a parish church.</def>

<h1>Instop</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In*stop"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To stop; to close; to make fast; <as>as, to <ex>instop</ex> the seams</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Instore</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In*store"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Instaurate</er>, <er>Store</er>.]</ety> <def>To store up; to inclose; to contain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Instratified</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In*strat"i*fied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Interstratified.</def>

<h1>Instruct</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In*struct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>instructus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>instruere</ets> to furnish, provide, construct, instruct; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in, <?/<?/ + <ets>struere</ets>. See <er>Structure</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Arranged; furnished; provided.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "He had neither ship <i>instruct</i> with oars, nor men."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Instructed; taught; enlightened.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Instruct</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In*struct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Instructed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Instructing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To put in order; to form; to prepare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They speak to the merits of a cause, after the proctor has prepared and <b>instructed</b> the same for a hearing.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form by communication of knowledge; to inform the mind of; to impart knowledge or information to; to enlighten; to teach; to discipline.</def>

<blockquote>Schoolmasters will I keep within my house,
Fit to <b>instruct</b> her youth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish with directions; to advise; to direct; to command; <as>as, the judge <ex>instructs</ex> the jury</as>.</def>

<blockquote>She, being before <b>instructed</b> of her mother, said, Give me here John Baptist's head in a charger.
<i>Matt. xiv. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Take her in; <b>instruct</b> her what she has to do.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To teach; educate; inform; train; discipline; indoctrinate; direct; enjoin.</syn>

<h1>Instructer</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In*struct"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Instructor</er>.</def>

<h1>Instructible</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In*struct"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being instructed; teachable; docible.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Instruction</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In*struc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>instructio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>instruction</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of instructing, teaching, or furnishing with knowledge; information.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which instructs, or with which one is instructed; the intelligence or information imparted; as: <sd>(a)</sd> Precept; information; teachings. <sd>(b)</sd> Direction; order; command.</def> "If my <i>instructions</i> may be your guide."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Education; teaching; indoctrination; information; advice; counsel. See <er>Education</er>.</syn>

<h1>Instructional</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In*struc"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or promoting, instruction; educational.</def>

<h1>Instructive</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In*struct"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>instructif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Conveying knowledge; serving to instruct or inform; <as>as, experience furnishes very <ex>instructive</ex> lessons</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>In various talk the <b>instructive</b> hours they past.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*struct"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In*struct"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>The pregnant <b>instructiveness</b> of the Scripture.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Instructor</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In*struct"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a preparer: cf. F. <ets>instructeur</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>instructer</asp>.]</altsp> <def>One who instructs; one who imparts knowledge to another; a teacher.</def>

<h1>Instructress</h1>
<Xpage=772>

<hw>In*struct"ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who instructs; a preceptress; a governess.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Instrument</h1>
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<hw>In"stru*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>instrument</ets>, L. <ets>instrumentum</ets>. See <er>Instruct</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That by means of which any work is performed, or result is effected; a tool; a utensil; an implement; <as>as, the <ex>instruments</ex> of a mechanic; astronomical <ex>instruments</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>All the lofty <b>instruments</b> of war.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A contrivance or implement, by which musical sounds are produced; <as>as, a musical <ex>instrument</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Praise him with stringed <b>instruments</b> and organs.
<i>Ps. cl. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But signs when songs and <b>instruments</b> he hears.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writing, as the means of giving formal expression to some act; a writing expressive of some act, contract, process, as a deed, contract, writ, etc.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who, or that which, is made a means, or is caused to serve a purpose; a medium, means, or agent.</def>

<blockquote>Or useful serving man and <b>instrument</b>,
To any sovereign state.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The bold are but the <b>instruments</b> of the wise.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Tool; implement; utensil; machine; apparatus; channel; agent.</syn>

<h1>Instrument</h1>
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<hw>In"stru*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To perform upon an instrument; to prepare for an instrument; <as>as, a sonata <ex>instrumented</ex> for orchestra</as>.</def>

<h1>Instrumental</h1>
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<hw>In`stru*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>instrumental</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Acting as an instrument; serving as a means; contributing to promote; conductive; helpful; serviceable; <as>as, he was <ex>instrumental</ex> in conducting the business</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The head is not more native to the heart,
The hand more <b>instrumental</b> to the mouth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, made by, or prepared for, an instrument, esp. a musical instrument; <as>as, <ex>instrumental</ex> music, distinguished from <ex>vocal</ex> music</as>.</def> "He defended the use of <i>instrumental</i> music in public worship."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>Sweet voices mix'd with <b>instrumental</b> sounds.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Applied to a case expressing means or agency; <as>as, the <ex>instrumental</ex> case</as>. This is found in Sanskrit as a separate case, but in Greek it was merged into the dative, and in Latin into the ablative. In Old English it was a separate case, but has disappeared, leaving only a few anomalous forms.</def>

<cs><col>Instrumental errors</col>, <cd>those errors in instrumental measurements, etc., which arise, exclusively from want of mathematical accuracy in an instrument.</cd></cs>

<h1>Instrumentalist</h1>
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<hw>In`stru*men"tal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who plays upon an instrument of music, as distinguished from a <i>vocalist</i>.</def>

<h1>Instrumentality</h1>
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<hw>In`stru*men*tal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Instrumentalities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The quality or condition of being instrumental; that which is instrumental; anything used as a means; medium; agency.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>instrumentality</b> of faith in justification.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The discovery of gunpowder developed the science of attack and defense in a new <b>instrumentality</b>.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Instrumentally</h1>
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<hw>In`stru*men"tal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>By means of an instrument or agency; as means to an end.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>They will argue that the end being essentially beneficial, the means become <b>instrumentally</b> so.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With instruments of music; <as>as, a song <ex>instrumentally</ex> accompanied</as>.</def>

<i>Mason.</i>

<h1>Instrumentalness</h1>
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<hw>In`stru*men"tal*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Usefulness or agency, as means to an end; instrumentality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Instrumentary</h1>
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<hw>In`stru*men"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Instrumental.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Instrumentation</h1>
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<hw>In`stru*men*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of using or adapting as an instrument; a series or combination of instruments; means; agency.</def>

<blockquote>Otherwise we have no sufficient <b>instrumentation</b> for our human use or handling of so great a fact.
<i>H. Bushnell.</i></blockquote>

<-- (b). The act of using instruments to measure or control the behavior of an object, as a patient in a hospital or a machine being tested while under development. -->

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The arrangement of a musical composition for performance by a number of different instruments; orchestration; instrumental composition; composition for an orchestra or military band.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The act or manner of playing upon musical instruments; performance; <as>as, his <ex>instrumentation</ex> is perfect</as>.</def>

<-- Instrumented, a. having instruments attached for the purpose of measuring conditions while under observation; said of a person under medical observation or a machine whose performance is being tested. -->

<h1>Instrumentist</h1>
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<hw>In"stru*men`tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A performer on a musical instrument; an instrumentalist.</def>

<h1>Instyle</h1>
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<hw>In*style"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To style.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Crashaw.</i>

<h1>Insuavity</h1>
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<hw>In*suav"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insuavitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>insuavit\'82</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Suavity</er>.]</ety> <def>Want of suavity; unpleasantness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Insubjection</h1>
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<hw>In`sub*jec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of subjection or obedience; a state of disobedience, as to government.</def>

<h1>Insubmergible</h1>
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<hw>In`sub*mer"gi*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not capable of being submerged; buoyant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Insubmission</h1>
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<hw>In`sub*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of submission; disobedience; noncompliance.</def>

<h1>Insubordinate</h1>
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<hw>In`sub*or"di*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not submitting to authority; disobedient; rebellious; mutinous</def>

<h1>Insubordination</h1>
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<hw>In`sub*or`di*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>insubordination</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being insubordinate; disobedience to lawful authority.</def>

<h1>Insubstantial</h1>
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<hw>In`sub*stan"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unsubstantial; not real or strong.</def> "<i>Insubstantial</i> pageant." <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Insubstantiality</h1>
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<hw>In`sub*stan`ti*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Unsubstantiality; unreality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Insuccation</h1>
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<hw>In`suc*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insucare</ets>, <ets>insucatum</ets>, to soak in; pref. <ets>in-</ets> + <ets>succus</ets>, <ets>sucus</ets>, sap.]</ety> <def>The act of soaking or moistening; maceration; solution in the juice of herbs.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<blockquote>The medicating and <b>insuccation</b> of seeds.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insuccess</h1>
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<hw>In`suc*cess"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of success.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Insue</h1>
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<hw>In*sue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Ensue</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<h1>Insuetude</h1>
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<hw>In"sue*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insuetudo</ets>, from <ets>insuetus</ets> unaccustomed; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>suetus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>suescere</ets> to be accustomed.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being unaccustomed; absence of use or habit.</def>

<blockquote>Absurdities are great or small in proportion to custom or <b>insuetude</b>.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insufferable</h1>
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<hw>In*suf"fer*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Incapable of being suffered, borne, or endured; insupportable; unendurable; intolerable; <as>as, <ex>insufferable</ex> heat, cold, or pain; <ex>insufferable</ex> wrongs.</as></def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Offensive beyond endurance; detestable.</def>

<blockquote>A multitude of scribblers who daily pester the world with their <b>insufferable</b> stuff.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insufferably</h1>
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<hw>In*suf"fer*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner or to a degree beyond endurance; intolerably; <as>as, a blaze <ex>insufferably</ex> bright; a person <ex>insufferably</ex> proud.</as></def>

<h1>Insufficience</h1>
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<hw>In`suf*fi"cience</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Insufficiency.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Insufficiency</h1>
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<hw>In`suf*fi"cien*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insufficientia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>insuffisance</ets>, whence OE. <ets>insuffisance</ets>. See <er>Insufficient</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being insufficient; want of sufficiency; deficiency; inadequateness; <as>as, the <ex>insufficiency</ex> of provisions, of an excuse, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>insufficiency</b> of the light of nature is, by the light of Scripture, . . . fully supplied.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Want of power or skill; inability; incapacity; incompetency; <as>as, the <ex>insufficiency</ex> of a man for an office</as>.</def>

<h1>Insufficient</h1>
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<hw>In`suf*fi"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insufficiens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Sufficient</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not sufficient; not enough; inadequate to any need, use, or purpose; <as>as, the provisions are <ex>insufficient</ex> in quantity, and defective in quality</as>.</def> "<i>Insufficient</i> for His praise."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wanting in strength, power, ability, capacity, or skill; incompetent; incapable; unfit; <as>as, a person <ex>insufficient</ex> to discharge the duties of an office</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Inadequate; scanty; incommensurate; unequal; unfit; incompetent; incapable; inefficient.</syn>

<h1>Insufficiently</h1>
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<hw>In`suf*fi"cient*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an insufficient manner or degree; unadequately.</def>

<h1>Insufflation</h1>
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<hw>In`suf*fla"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insuffatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>insuffation</ets>. See <er>In-</er> in, and <er>Sufflation</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of breathing on or into anything</def>; especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The breathing upon a person in the sacrament of baptism to symbolize the inspiration of a new spiritual life</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act of blowing (a gas, powder, or vapor) into any cavity of the body.</def>

<h1>Insuitable</h1>
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<hw>In*suit"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unsuitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>In*suit`a*bil"i*ty</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Insular</h1>
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<hw>In"su*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insularis</ets>, fr. <ets>insula</ets> island: cf. F. <ets>insulaire</ets>. See <er>Isle</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an island; of the nature, or possessing the characteristics, of an island; <as>as, an <ex>insular</ex> climate, fauna, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the people of an island; narrow; circumscribed; illiberal; contracted; <as>as, <ex>insular</ex> habits, opinions, or prejudices</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The penury of <b>insular</b> conversation.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insular</h1>
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<hw>In"su*lar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An islander.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<h1>Insularity</h1>
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<hw>In`su*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>insularit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being an island or consisting of islands; insulation.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>insularity</b> of Britain was first shown by Agricola, who sent his fleet round it.
<i>Pinkerton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Narrowness or illiberality of opinion; prejudice; exclusiveness; <as>as, the <ex>insularity</ex> of the Chinese or of the aristocracy</as>.</def>

<h1>Insularly</h1>
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<hw>In"su*lar*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an insular manner.</def>

<h1>Insulary</h1>
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<hw>In"su*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Insular.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Insulate</h1>
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<hw>In"su*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Insulated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Insulating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>insulatus</ets> insulated, fr. <ets>insula</ets> island. See <er>Isle</er>, and cf. <er>Isolate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make an island of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pennant.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place in a detached situation, or in a state having no communication with surrounding objects; to isolate; to separate.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Elec. & Thermotics)</fld> <def>To prevent the transfer o<?/ electricity or heat to or from (bodies) by the interposition of nonconductors.</def>

<cs><col>Insulating stool</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a stool with legs of glass or some other nonconductor of electricity, used for insulating a person or any object placed upon it.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="773">
Page 773<p>

<h1>Insulated</h1>
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<hw>In"su*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Standing by itself; not being contiguous to other bodies; separated; unconnected; isolated; <as>as, an <ex>insulated</ex> house or column</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The special and <b>insulated</b> situation of the Jews.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Elect. & Thermotics)</fld> <def>Separated from other bodies by means of nonconductors of heat or electricity.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Situated at so great a distance as to be beyond the effect of gravitation; -- said of stars supposed to be so far apart that the affect of their mutual attraction is insensible.</def>

<i>C. A. Young.</i>

<cs><col>Insulated wire</col>, <cd>wire wound with silk, or covered with other nonconducting material, for electrical use.</cd></cs>

<h1>Insulation</h1>
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<hw>In`su*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of insulating, or the state of being insulated; detachment from other objects; isolation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Elec. & Thermotics)</fld> <def>The act of separating a body from others by nonconductors, so as to prevent the transfer of electricity or of heat; also, the state of a body so separated.</def>

<h1>Insulator</h1>
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<hw>In"su*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, insulates.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Elec. & Thermotics)</fld> <def>The substance or body that insulates; a nonconductor.</def>

<h1>Insulite</h1>
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<hw>In"su*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>An insulating material, usually some variety of compressed cellulose, made of sawdust, paper pulp, cotton waste, etc.</def>

<h1>Insulous</h1>
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<hw>In"su*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insulosus</ets>, fr. <ets>insula</ets> island.]</ety> <def>Abounding in islands.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Insulse</h1>
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<hw>In*sulse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insulsus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>salsus</ets> salted, fr. <ets>salire</ets>, <ets>salsum</ets>, to salt.]</ety> <def>Insipid; dull; stupid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Insulsity</h1>
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<hw>In*sul"si*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insulsitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Insipidity; stupidity; dullness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>insulsity</b> of mortal tongues.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insult</h1>
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<hw>In"sult</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insultus</ets>, fr. <ets>insilire</ets> to leap upon: cf. F. <ets>insulte</ets>. See <er>Insult</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of leaping on; onset; attack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gross abuse offered to another, either by word or act; an act or speech of insolence or contempt; an affront; an indignity.</def>

<blockquote>The ruthless sneer that <b>insult</b> adds to grief.
<i>Savage.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Affront; indignity; abuse; outrage; contumely. See <er>Affront</er>.</syn>

<h1>Insult</h1>
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<hw>In*sult"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Insulted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Insulting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>insulter</ets>, L. <ets>insultare</ets>, freq. fr. <ets>insilire</ets> to leap into or upon; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in, on + <ets>salire</ets> to leap. See <er>Salient</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To leap or trample upon; to make a sudden onset upon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat with abuse, insolence, indignity, or contempt, by word or action; to abuse; <as>as, to call a man a coward or a liar, or to sneer at him, is to <ex>insult</ex> him</as>.</def>

<h1>Insult</h1>
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<hw>In*sult"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To leap or jump.</def>

<blockquote>Give me thy knife, I will <b>insult</b> on him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Like the frogs in the apologue, <b>insulting</b> upon their wooden king.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To behave with insolence; to exult.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The lion being dead, even hares <b>insult</b>.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An unwillingness to <b>insult</b> over their helpless fatuity.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insultable</h1>
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<hw>In*sult"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being insulted or affronted.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Insultation</h1>
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<hw>In`sul*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insultatio</ets>, fr. <ets>insultare</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>insultation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of insulting; abusive or insolent treatment; insult.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exultation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Is. xiv. (heading).</i>

<h1>Insulter</h1>
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<hw>In*sult"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who insults.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Insulting</h1>
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<hw>In*sult"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing, or characterized by, insult or abuse; tending to insult or affront; <as>as, <ex>insulting</ex> language, treatment, etc.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>In*sult"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<syn>Syn. -- Insolent; impertinent; saucy; rude; abusive; contemptuous. See <er>Insolent</er>.</syn>

<h1>Insultment</h1>
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<hw>In*sult"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Insolent treatment; insult.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "My speech of <i>insultment</i> ended."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Insume</h1>
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<hw>In*sume"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insumere</ets>; pre. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>sumere</ets> to take.]</ety> <def>To take in; to absorb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Insuperability</h1>
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<hw>In*su`per*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being insuperable; insuperableness.</def>

<h1>Insuperable</h1>
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<hw>In*su"per*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insuperabilis</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>insuperable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Superable</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being passed over or surmounted; insurmountable; <as>as, <ex>insuperable</ex> difficulties</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And middle natures, how they long to join,
Yet never pass the <b>insuperable</b> line?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The difficulty is enhanced, or is . . . <b>insuperable</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Impassable; insurmountable; unconquerable.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*su"per*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In*su"per*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Insupportable</h1>
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<hw>In`sup*port"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insupportabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>insupportable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Support</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being supported or borne; unendurable; insufferable; intolerable; <as>as, <ex>insupportable</ex> burdens; <ex>insupportable</ex> pain.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`sup*port"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In`sup*port"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Insupposable</h1>
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<hw>In`sup*pos"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being supposed; not supposable; inconceivable.</def>

<h1>Insuppressible</h1>
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<hw>In`sup*press"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That can not be suppressed or concealed; irrepressible.</def> <i>Young</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In`sup*press"i*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Insuppressive</h1>
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<hw>In`sup*press"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Insuppressible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>insuppressive</i> mettle of our spirits."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Insurable</h1>
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<hw>In*sur"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Insure</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being insured against loss, damage, death, etc.; proper to be insured.</def>

<blockquote>The French law annuls the latter policies so far as they exceed the <b>insurable</b> interest which remained in the insured at the time of the subscription thereof.
<i>Walsh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insurance</h1>
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<hw>In*sur"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Insure</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of insuring, or assuring, against loss or damage by a contingent event; a contract whereby, for a stipulated consideration, called <i>premium</i>, one party undertakes to indemnify or guarantee another against loss by certain specified risks. Cf. <er>Assurance</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 6.</def>

<note>&hand; The person who undertakes to pay in case of loss is termed the <i>insurer</i>; the danger against which he undertakes, the <i>risk</i>; the person protected, the <i>insured</i>; the sum which he pays for the protection, the <i>premium</i>; and the contract itself, when reduced to form, the <i>policy</i>.</note>

<i>Johnson's Cyc.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The premium paid for insuring property or life.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The sum for which life or property is insured.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A guaranty, security, or pledge; assurance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The most acceptable <b>insurance</b> of the divine protection.
<i>Mickle.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Accident insurance</col>, <cd>insurance against pecuniary loss by reason of accident to the person.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Endowment insurance</col> &or; <col>assurance</col></mcol>, <cd>a combination of life insurance and investment such that if the person upon whose life a risk is taken dies before a certain specified time the insurance becomes due at once, and if he survives, it becomes due at the time specified.</cd> -- <col>Fire insurance</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Insurance broker</col>, <cd>a broker or agent who effects insurance.</cd> -- <col>Insurance company</col>, <cd>a company or corporation whose business it is to insure against loss, damage, or death.</cd> -- <col>Insurance policy</col>, <cd>a certificate of insurance; the document containing the contract made by an insurance company with a person whose property or life is insured.</cd> -- <col>Life insurance</col>. <cd>See under <er>Life</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Insurancer</h1>
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<hw>In*sur"an*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who effects insurance; an insurer; an underwriter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>hose bold <b>insurancers</b> of deathless fame.
<i>Blair.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insurant</h1>
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<hw>In*sur"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The person insured.</def>

<i>Champness.</i>

<h1>Insure</h1>
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<hw>In"sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Insured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Insuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ensuren</ets>, prob. for <ets>assuren</ets>, by a change of prefix. See 1st <er>In-</er>, and <er>Sure</er>, and cf. <er>Assure</er>, <er>Ensure</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ensure</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make sure or secure; <as>as, to <ex>insure</ex> safety to any one</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, to secure against a loss by a contingent event, on certain stipulated conditions, or at a given rate or premium; to give or to take an insurance on or for; <as>as, a merchant <ex>insures</ex> his ship or its cargo, or both, against the dangers of the sea; goods and buildings are <ex>insured</ex> against fire or water; persons are <ex>insured</ex> against sickness, accident, or death; and sometimes hazardous debts are <ex>insured</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Insure</h1>
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<hw>In*sure"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To underwrite; to make insurance; <as>as, a company <ex>insures</ex> at three per cent</as>.</def>

<h1>Insurer</h1>
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<hw>In*sur"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, insures; the person or company that contracts to indemnify losses for a premium; an underwriter.</def>

<h1>Insurgence, Insurgency</h1>
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<hw><hw>In*sur"gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*sur"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of insurrection; an uprising; an insurrection.</def>

<blockquote>A moral <b>insurgence</b> in the minds of grave men against the Court of Rome.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insurgent</h1>
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<hw>In*sur"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insurgens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>insurgere</ets> to rise up; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>surgere</ets> to rise. See <er>Surge</er>.]</ety> <def>Rising in opposition to civil or political authority, or against an established government; insubordinate; rebellious.</def> "The <i>insurgent</i> provinces."

<i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Insurgent</h1>
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<hw>In*sur"gent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>insurgent</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person who rises in revolt against civil authority or an established government; one who openly and actively resists the execution of laws; a rebel.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Rebel</er>.</syn>

<h1>Insurmountability</h1>
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<hw>In`sur*mount`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being insurmountable.</def>

<h1>Insurmountable</h1>
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<hw>In`sur*mount"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>surmountable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>insurmountable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being passed over, surmounted, or overcome; insuperable; <as>as, <ex>insurmountable</ex> difficulty or obstacle</as>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>Hope thinks nothing difficult; despair tells us that difficulty is <b>insurmountable</b>.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Insuperable; impassable; invincible.</syn>

<h1>Insurmountableness</h1>
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<hw>In`sur*mount"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being insurmountable; insurmountability.</def>

<h1>Insurmountably</h1>
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<hw>In`sur*mount"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner or to a degree not to be overcome.</def>

<h1>Insurrection</h1>
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<hw>In`sur*rec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insurrectio</ets>, fr. <ets>insurgere</ets>, <ets>insurrectum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>insurrection</ets>. See <er>Insurgent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A rising against civil or political authority, or the established government; open and active opposition to the execution of law in a city or state.</def>

<blockquote>It is found that this city of old time hath made <b>insurrection</b> against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been made therein.
<i>Ezra iv. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rising in mass to oppose an enemy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Insurrection</er>, <er>Sedition</er>, <er>Revolt</er>, <er>Rebellion</er>, <er>Mutiny</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Sedition</i> is the raising of commotion in a state, as by conspiracy, without aiming at open violence against the laws. <i>Insurrection</i> is a rising of individuals to prevent the execution of law by force of arms. <i>Revolt</i> is a casting off the authority of a government, with a view to put it down by force, or to substitute one ruler for another. <i>Rebellion</i> is an extended insurrection and revolt. <i>Mutiny</i> is an insurrection on a small scale, as a <i>mutiny</i> of a regiment, or of a ship's crew.</usage>

<blockquote>I say again,
In soothing them, we nourish 'gainst our senate
The cockle of rebellion, insolence, <b>sedition</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Insurrections</b> of base people are commonly more furious in their beginnings.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He was greatly strengthened, and the enemy as much enfeebled, by daily <b>revolts</b>.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Though of their names in heavenly records now
Be no memorial, blotted out and razed
By their <b>rebellion</b> from the books of life.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insurrectional</h1>
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<hw>In`sur*rec"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>insurrectionnel</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to insurrection; consisting in insurrection.</def>

<h1>Insurrectionary</h1>
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<hw>In`sur*rec"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, insurrection; rebellious; seditious.</def>

<blockquote>Their murderous <b>insurrectionary</b> system.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Insurrectionist</h1>
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<hw>In`sur*rec"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who favors, or takes part in, insurrection; an insurgent.</def>

<h1>Insusceptibility</h1>
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<hw>In`sus*cep`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of susceptibility, or of capacity to feel or perceive.</def>

<h1>Insusceptible</h1>
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<hw>In`sus*cep`ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>susceptible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>insusceptible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not susceptible; not capable of being moved, affected, or impressed; that can not feel, receive, or admit; <as>as, a limb <ex>insusceptible</ex> of pain; a heart <ex>insusceptible</ex> of pity; a mind <ex>insusceptible</ex> to flattery.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`sus*cep`ti*bly</wf> <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Insusceptive</h1>
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<hw>In`sus*cep"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not susceptive or susceptible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Rambler.</i>

<h1>Insusurration</h1>
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<hw>In*su`sur*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>insusurratio</ets>, fr. <ets>insusurrare</ets> to whisper into.]</ety> <def>The act of whispering into something.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Inswathe</h1>
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<hw>In*swathe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inswathed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inswating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To wrap up; to infold; to swathe.</def>

<blockquote><b>Inswathed</b> sometimes in wandering mist.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intact</h1>
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<hw>In*tact"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intactus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>tactus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>tangere</ets> to touch: cf. F. <ets>intact</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Tact</er>, <er>Tangent</er>.]</ety> <def>Untouched, especially by anything that harms, defiles, or the like; uninjured; undefiled; left complete or entire.</def>

<i>Buckle.</i>

<blockquote>When all external differences have passed away, one element remains <b>intact</b>, unchanged, -- the everlasting basis of our common nature, the human soul.
<i>F. W. Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intactible, Intactable</h1>
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<hw><hw>In*tac"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*tac"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not perceptible to the touch.</def>

<h1>Intagliated</h1>
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<hw>In*tagl"ia*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>intagliato</ets>, p. p. of <ets>intagliare</ets>. See <er>Intaglio</er>.]</ety> <def>Engraved in intaglio; <as>as, an <ex>intagliated</ex> stone</as>.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Intaglio</h1>
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<hw>In*tagl"io</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Intaglius</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, It. <plw>Intagli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It., fr. <ets>intagliare</ets> to engrave, carve; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>tagliare</ets> to cut, carve. See <er>Detail</er>.]</ety> <def>A cutting or engraving; a figure cut into something, as a gem, so as to make a design depressed below the surface of the material; hence, anything so carved or impressed, as a gem, matrix, etc.; -- opposed to <i>cameo</i>. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Intail</h1>
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<hw>In*tail"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Entail</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Intake</h1>
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<hw>In"take`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The place where water or air is taken into a pipe or conduit; -- opposed to <i>outlet</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>the beginning of a contraction or narrowing in a tube or cylinder.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The quantity taken in; <as>as, the <ex>intake</ex> of air</as>.</def>

<h1>Intaminated</h1>
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<hw>In*tam"i*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intaminatus</ets>. See <er>Contaminate</er>.]</ety> <def>Uncontaminated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Intangibility</h1>
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<hw>In*tan`gi*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Intangibilities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>intangibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being intangible; intangibleness.</def>

<h1>Intangible</h1>
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<hw>In*tan"gi*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>tangible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intangible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not tangible; incapable of being touched; not perceptible to the touch; impalpable; imperceptible.</def>

<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i>

<blockquote>A corporation is an artificial, invisible, <b>intangible</b> being.
<i>Marshall.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*tan"gi*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In*tan"gi*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Intangle</h1>
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<hw>In*tan"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Entangle</er>.</def>

<h1>Intastable</h1>
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<hw>In*tast"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being tasted; tasteless; unsavory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Integer</h1>
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<hw>In"te*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>integer</ets> untouched, whole, entire. See <er>Entire</er>.]</ety> <def>A complete entity; a whole number, in contradistinction to a fraction or a mixed number.</def>

<cs><col>Complex integer</col> <fld>(Theory of Numbers)</fld>, <cd>an expression of the form <mathex>a + b&root;-1<mathex>, where <it>a<it> and <it>b<it> are real integers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Integrability</h1>
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<hw>In`te*gra*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The quality of being integrable.</def>

<h1>Integrable</h1>
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<hw>In"te*gra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Capable of being integrated.</def>

<h1>Integral</h1>
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<hw>In"te*gral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>int\'82gral</ets>. See <er>Integer</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Lacking nothing of completeness; complete; perfect; uninjured; whole; entire.</def>

<blockquote>A local motion keepeth bodies <b>integral</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Essential to completeness; constituent, as a part; pertaining to, or serving to form, an integer; integrant.</as></def>

<blockquote>Ceasing to do evil, and doing good, are the two great <b>integral</b> parts that complete this duty.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of, pertaining to, or being, a whole number or undivided quantity; not fractional.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to, or proceeding by, integration; <as>as, the <ex>integral</ex> calculus</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Integral calculus</col>. <cd>See under <er>Calculus</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Integral</h1>
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<hw>In"te*gral</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A whole; an entire thing; a whole number; an individual.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An expression which, being differentiated, will produce a given differential. See differential <er>Differential</er>, and <er>Integration</er>. Cf. <er>Fluent</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Elliptic integral</col>, <cd>one of an important class of integrals, occurring in the higher mathematics; -- so called because one of the integrals expresses the length of an arc of an <i>ellipse<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Integrality</h1>
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<hw>In`te*gral"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>int\'82gralit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Entireness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Whitaker.</i>

<h1>Integrally</h1>
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<hw>In"te*gral*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an integral manner; wholly; completely; also, by integration.</def>

<h1>Integrant</h1>
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<hw>In"te*grant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>integrans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>integrare</ets> to make whole, renew: cf. F. <ets>int\'82grant</ets>. See <er>Integrate</er>.]</ety> <def>Making part of a whole; necessary to constitute an entire thing; integral.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<blockquote>All these are <b>integrant</b> parts of the republic.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Integrant parts</col>, &or; <col>particles</col></mcol>, <cd>of bodies, those smaller particles into which a body may be reduced without loss of its original constitution, as by mechanical division.</cd></cs>

<h1>Integrate</h1>
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<hw>In"te*grate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Integrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Integrating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>integratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>integrare</ets> to make whole, renew: cf. F. <ets>int\'82grer</ets>. See <er>Integer</er>, <er>Entire</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To form into one whole; to make entire; to complete; to renew; to restore; to perfect.</def> "That conquest rounded and <i>integrated</i> the glorious empire."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<blockquote>Two distinct substances, the soul and body, go to compound and <b>integrate</b> the man.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To indicate the whole of; to give the sum or total of; <as>as, an <ex>integrating</ex> anemometer, one that indicates or registers the entire action of the wind in a given time</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To subject to the operation of integration; to find the integral of.</def>

<hr>
<page="774">
Page 774<p>

<h1>Integration</h1>
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<hw>In`te*gra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>integratio</ets> a renewing, restoring: cf. F. <ets>int\'82gration</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of making whole or entire.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The operation of finding the primitive function which has a given function for its differential coefficient. See <er>Integral</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The symbol of integration is <integral2l/ (standing for the Latin <i>summa</i> sum), and the integral is also regarded as the limiting value of the sum of great numbers of differentials, when the magnitude of the differentials decreases, and their number increases indefinitely. See <er>Limit</er>, <tt>n.</tt>  When the summation is made between specified values of the variable, the result is a <i>definite integral</i>, and those values of the variable are the limits of the integral. When the summation is made successively for two or more variables, the result is a <i>multiple integral</i>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In the theory of evolution: The process by which the manifold is compacted into the relatively simple and permanent. It is supposed to alternate with differentiation as an agent in development.</def>

<h1>Integrator</h1>
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<hw>In"te*gra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Math. & Mech.)</fld> <def>That which integrates; esp., an instrument by means of which the area of a figure can be measured directly, or its moment of inertia, or statical moment, etc., be determined.</def>

<h1>Integrity</h1>
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<hw>In*teg"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>integritas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>int\'82grit\'82</ets>. See <er>Integer</er>, and cf. <er>Entirety</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being entire or complete; wholeness; entireness; unbroken state; <as>as, the <ex>integrity</ex> of an empire or territory</as>.</def>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Moral soundness; honesty; freedom from corrupting influence or motive; -- used especially with reference to the fulfillment of contracts, the discharge of agencies, trusts, and the like; uprightness; rectitude.</def>

<blockquote>The moral grandeur of independent <b>integrity</b> is the sublimest thing in nature.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their sober zeal, <b>integrity</b>. and worth.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Unimpaired, unadulterated, or genuine state; entire correspondence with an original condition; purity.</def>

<blockquote>Language continued long in its purity and <b>integrity</b>.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Honesty; uprightness; rectitude. See <er>Probity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Integropallial</h1>
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<hw>In`te*gro*pal"li*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>integer</ets> whole + E. <ets>pallial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the pallial line entire, or without a sinus, as certain bivalve shells.</def>

<h1>Integumation</h1>
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<hw>In*teg`u*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Integument</er>.]</ety> <def>That part of physiology which treats of the integuments of animals and plants.</def>

<h1>Integument</h1>
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<hw>In*teg"u*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>integumentum</ets>, fr. <ets>integere</ets> to cover; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in, on + <ets>tegere</ets> to cover: cf. F. <ets>int\'82gument</ets>. See 1st <er>n-</er>, and <er>Tegument</er>.]</ety> <def>That which naturally invests or covers another thing, as the testa or the tegmen of a seed; specifically <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, a covering which invests the body, as the skin, or a membrane that invests a particular.</def>

<h1>Integumentary</h1>
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<hw>In*teg`u*men"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Belonging to, or composed of, integuments.</def>

<h1>Integumentation</h1>
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<hw>In*teg`u*men*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of covering with integuments; the state or manner of being thus covered.</def>

<h1>Intellect</h1>
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<hw>In"tel*lect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intellectus</ets>, fr. <ets>intelligere</ets>, <ets>intellectum</ets>, to understand: cf. <ets>intellect</ets>. See <er>Intelligent</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The part or faculty of the human soul by which it knows, as distinguished from the power to feel and to will; sometimes, the capacity for higher forms of knowledge, as distinguished from the power to perceive objects in their relations; the power to judge and comprehend; the thinking faculty; the understanding.</def>

<h1>Intellected</h1>
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<hw>In"tel*lect`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Endowed with intellect; having intellectual powers or capacities.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>In body, and in bristles, they became
As swine, yet <b>intellected</b> as before.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intellection</h1>
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<hw>In`tel*lec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intellectio</ets> synecdoche: cf. F. <ets>intellection</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mental act or process; especially: <sd>(a)</sd> The act of understanding; simple apprehension of ideas; intuition. <i>Bentley</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> A creation of the mind itself.</def>

<i>Hickok.</i>

<h1>Intellective</h1>
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<hw>In`tel*lec"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>intellectif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or produced by, the intellect or understanding; intellectual.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having power to understand, know, or comprehend; intelligent; rational.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Capable of being perceived by the understanding only, not by the senses.</def>

<blockquote><b>Intellective</b> abstractions of logic and metaphysics.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intellectively</h1>
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<hw>In`tel*lec"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an intellective manner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Not <i>intellectivelly</i> to write."

<i>Warner.</i>

<h1>Intellectual</h1>
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<hw>In`tel*lec"tu*al</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intellectualis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intellectuel</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to, or performed by, the intellect; mental; <as>as, <ex>intellectual</ex> powers, activities, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Logic is to teach us the right use of our reason or <b>intellectual</b> powers.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Endowed with intellect; having the power of understanding; having capacity for the higher forms of knowledge or thought; characterized by intelligence or mental capacity; <as>as, an <ex>intellectual</ex> person</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Who would lose,
Though full of pain, this <b>intellectual</b> being,
Those thoughts that wander through eternity?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Suitable for exercising the intellect; formed by, and existing for, the intellect alone; perceived by the intellect; <as>as, <ex>intellectual</ex> employments</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Relating to the understanding; treating of the mind; <as>as, <ex>intellectual</ex> philosophy, sometimes called "mental" philosophy</as>.</def>

<h1>Intellectual</h1>
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<hw>In`tel*lec"tu*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The intellect or understanding; mental powers or faculties.</def>

<blockquote>Her husband, for I view far round, not nigh,
Whose higher <b>intellectual</b> more I shun.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I kept her <b>intellectuals</b> in a state of exercise.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intellectualism</h1>
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<hw>In`tel*lec"tu*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Intellectual power; intellectuality.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The doctrine that knowledge is derived from pure reason.</def>

<h1>Intellectualist</h1>
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<hw>In`tel*lec"tu*al*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who overrates the importance of the understanding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who accepts the doctrine of intellectualism.</def>

<h1>Intellectuality</h1>
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<hw>In`tel*lec`tu*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intellectualitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intellectualit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Intellectual powers; possession of intellect; quality of being intellectual.</def>

<h1>Intellectualize</h1>
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<hw>In`tel*lec"tu*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To treat in an intellectual manner; to discuss intellectually; to reduce to intellectual form; to express intellectually; to idealize.</def>

<blockquote>Sentiment is <b>intellectualized</b> emotion.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To endow with intellect; to bestow intellectual qualities upon; to cause to become intellectual.</def>

<h1>Intellectually</h1>
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<hw>In`tel*lec"tu*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an intellectual manner.</def>

<h1>Intelligence</h1>
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<hw>In*tel"li*gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>intelligence</ets>, L. <ets>intelligentia</ets>, <ets>intellegentia</ets>. See <er>Intelligent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of knowing; the exercise of the understanding.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The capacity to know or understand; readiness of comprehension; the intellect, as a gift or an endowment.</def>

<blockquote>And dimmed with darkness their <b>intelligence</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Information communicated; news; notice; advice.</def>

<blockquote><b>Intelligence</b> is given where you are hid.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Acquaintance; intercourse; familiarity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He lived rather in a fair <b>intelligence</b> than any friendship with the favorites.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Knowledge imparted or acquired, whether by study, research, or experience; general information.</def>

<blockquote>I write as he that none <b>intelligence</b>
Of meters hath, n<?/ flowers of sentence.
<i>Court of Love.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An intelligent being or spirit; -- generally applied to pure spirits; <as>as, a created <ex>intelligence</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The great <b>Intelligences</b> fair
That range above our mortal state,
In circle round the blessed gate,
Received and gave him welcome there.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Intelligence office</col>, <cd>an office where information may be obtained, particularly respecting servants to be hired.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Understanding; intellect; instruction; advice; notice; notification; news; information; report.</syn>

<h1>Intelligencer</h1>
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<hw>In*tel"li*gen*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, sends or conveys intelligence or news; a messenger.</def>

<blockquote>All the intriguers in foreign politics, all the spies, and all the <b>intelligencers</b> . . . acted solely upon that principle.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intelligencing</h1>
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<hw>In*tel"li*gen*cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Informing; giving information; talebearing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>That sad <b>intelligencing</b> tyrant.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intelligency</h1>
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<hw>In*tel"li*gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Intelligence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Intelligent</h1>
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<hw>In*tel"li*gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intelligens</ets>, <ets>intellegens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>intelligere</ets>, <ets>intellegere</ets>, to perceive; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>legere</ets> to gather, collect, choose: cf. F. <ets>intelligent</ets>. See <er>Legend</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Endowed with the faculty of understanding or reason; <as>as, man is an <ex>intelligent</ex> being</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Possessed of intelligence, education, or judgment; knowing; sensible; skilled; marked by intelligence; <as>as, an <ex>intelligent</ex> young man; an <ex>intelligent</ex> architect; an <ex>intelligent</ex> answer.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Gognizant; aware; communicate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Intelligent</b> of seasons.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Which are to France the spies and speculations
<b>Intelligent</b> of our state.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Sensible; understanding. See <er>Sensible</er>.</syn>

<h1>Intelligential</h1>
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<hw>In*tel`li*gen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>intelligentiel</ets>.]</ety> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the intelligence; exercising or implying understanding; intellectual.</def> "With act <i>intelligential</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of unembodied mind; incorporeal.</def>

<blockquote>Food alike those pure
<b>Intelligential</b> substances require.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intelligentiary</h1>
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<hw>In*tel`li*gen"tia*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gives information; an intelligencer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Intelligently</h1>
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<hw>In*tel"li*gent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an intelligent manner; with intelligence.</def>

<h1>Intelligibility</h1>
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<hw>In*tel`li*gi*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>intelligilibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being intelligible; clearness; perspicuity; definiteness.</def>

<h1>Intelligible</h1>
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<hw>In*tel"li*gi*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[L. <ets>intellegibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intelligible</ets>. See <er>Intelligent</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being understood or comprehended; <as>as, an <ex>intelligible</ex> account or description; <ex>intelligible</ex> pronunciation, writing, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>intelligible</b> forms of ancient poets.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Comprehensible; perspicuous; plain; clear.</syn>

<h1>Intelligibleness</h1>
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<hw>In*tel"li*gi*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being intelligible; intelligibility.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Intelligibly</h1>
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<hw>In*tel"li*gi*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an intelligible manner; so as to be understood; clearly; plainly; <as>as, to write or speak <ex>intelligibly</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Intemerate, Intemerated</h1>
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<hw><hw>In*tem"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*tem"er*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intemeratus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>temeratus</ets> defiled.]</ety> <def>Pure; undefiled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Intemerateness</h1>
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<hw>In*tem"er*ate*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being unpolluted; purity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Intemerament</h1>
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<hw>In*tem"er*a*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bad state; <as>as, the <ex>intemperament</ex> of an ulcerated part</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Intemperance</h1>
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<hw>In*tem"per*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>intemp\'82rance</ets>, L. <ets>intemperantia</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Temperance</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of becoming, or state of being, intemperate; excess in any kind of action or indulgence; any immoderate indulgence of the appetites or passions.</def>

<blockquote>God is in every creature; be cruel toward none, neither abuse any by <b>intemperance</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some, as thou sawest, by violent stroke shall die,
By fire, flood, famine, by <b>intemperance</b> more
In meats and drinks.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: Habitual or excessive indulgence in alcoholic liquors.</def>

<h1>Intemperancy</h1>
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<hw>In*tem"per*an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Intemperance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Intemperant</h1>
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<hw>In*tem"per*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intemperans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Temperant</er>.]</ety> <def>Intemperate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Such as be <b>intemperant</b>, that is, followers of their naughty appetites and lusts.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intemperate</h1>
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<hw>In*tem`per*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intemperatus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Temperate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Indulging any appetite or passion to excess; immoderate to enjoyments or exertion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, addicted to an excessive or habitual use of alcoholic liquors.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Excessive; ungovernable; inordinate; violent; immoderate; <as>as, <ex>intemperate</ex> language, zeal, etc.</as>; <i>intemperate</i> weather.</def>

<blockquote>Most do taste through fond <b>intemperate</b> thirst.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Use not thy mouth to <b>intemperate</b> swearing.
<i>Ecclus. xxiii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intemperate</h1>
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<hw>In*tem`per*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To disorder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Intemperately</h1>
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<hw>In*tem`per*ate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an intemperate manner; immoderately; excessively; without restraint.</def>

<blockquote>The people . . . who behaved very unwisely and <b>intemperately</b> on that occasion.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intemperateness</h1>
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<hw>In*tem`per*ate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being intemperate; excessive indulgence of any appetite or passion; <as>as, <ex>intemperateness</ex> in eating or drinking</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Severity of weather; inclemency.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<blockquote>By unseasonable weather, by <b>intemperateness</b> of the air or meteors.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intemperature</h1>
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<hw>In*tem"per*a*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>intemperature</ets>.]</ety> <def>Intemperateness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Intempestive</h1>
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<hw>In`tem*pes"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intempestivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intempestif</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Tempestive</er>.]</ety> <def>Out of season; untimely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<blockquote><b>Intempestive</b> bashfulness gets nothing.
<i>Hales.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intempestively</h1>
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<hw>In`tem*pes"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Unseasonably.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Intempestivity</h1>
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<hw>In*tem`pes*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intempestivitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intempestivit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unseasonableness; untimeliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hales.</i>

<h1>Intenable</h1>
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<hw>In*ten"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>tenable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intenable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being held; untenable; not defensible; <as>as, an <ex>intenable</ex> opinion; an <ex>intenable</ex> fortress.</as></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Intend</h1>
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<hw>In*tend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>entenden</ets> to be attentive, F. <ets>entendre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>intendre</ets>, <ets>intentum</ets>, and <ets>intensum</ets>, to intend, attend, stretch out, extend; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>tendere</ets> to stretch, stretch out. See <er>Tend</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To stretch' to extend; to distend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>By this the lungs are <b>intended</b> or remitted.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strain; to make tense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When a bow is successively <b>intended</b> and remedied.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To intensify; to strengthen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<blockquote>Magnetism may be <b>intended</b> and remitted.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To apply with energy.</def>

<blockquote>Let him <b>intend</b> his mind, without respite, without rest, in one direction.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To bend or turn; to direct, as one's course or journey.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To fix the mind on; to attend to; to take care of; to superintend; to regard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Having no children, she did, with singular care and tenderness, <b>intend</b> the education of Philip.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My soul, not being able to <b>intend</b> two things at once, abated of its fervency in praying.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To fix the mind upon (something to be accomplished); to be intent upon; to mean; to design; to plan; to purpose; -- often followed by an infinitely with <i>to</i>, or a dependent clause with <i>that</i>; <as>as, he <ex>intends</ex> to go; he <ex>intends</ex> that she shall remain.</as></def>

<blockquote>They <b>intended</b> evil against thee.
<i>Ps. xxi. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To-morrow he <b>intends</b>
To hunt the boar with certain of his friends.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To design mechanically or artistically; to fashion; to mold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Modesty was made
When she was first <b>intended</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To pretend; to counterfeit; to simulate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Intend</b> a kind of zeal both to the prince and Claudio.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To purpose; mean; design; plan; conceive; contemplate.</syn>

<h1>Intendancy</h1>
<Xpage=774>

<hw>In*tend"an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Intendancies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>intendance</ets>. See <er>Intendant</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The office or employment of an intendant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A territorial district committed to the charge of an intendant.</def>

<h1>Intendant</h1>
<Xpage=774>

<hw>In*tend"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>intendant</ets>, fr. L. <ets>intendere</ets> to direct (one's thoughts) to a thing. See <er>Intend</er>.]</ety> <def>One who has the charge, direction, or management of some public business; a superintendent; <as>as, an <ex>intendant</ex> of marine; an <ex>intendant</ex> of finance.</as></def>

<h1>Intendant</h1>
<Xpage=774>

<hw>In*tend"ant</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Intend</er>.]</ety> <def>Attentive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Intended</h1>
<Xpage=774>

<hw>In*tend"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made tense; stretched out; extended; forcible; violent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Purposed; designed; <as>as, <ex>intended</ex> harm or help</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They drew a curse from an <b>intended</b> good.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Betrothed; affianced; <as>as, an <ex>intended</ex> husband</as>.</def>

<h1>Intended</h1>
<Xpage=774>

<hw>In*tend"ed</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One with whom marriage is designed; one who is betrothed; an affianced lover.</def>

<blockquote>If it were not that I might appear to disparage his <b>intended</b>, . . . I would add that to me she seems to be throwing herself away.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intendedly</h1>
<Xpage=774>

<hw>In*tend"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Intentionally.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Intendent</h1>
<Xpage=774>

<hw>In*tend"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Intendant</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Intender</h1>
<Xpage=774>

<hw>In*tend"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who intends.</def>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Intendiment</h1>
<Xpage=774>

<hw>In*tend"i*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>intendimentum</ets>. See <er>Intendment</er>.]</ety> <def>Attention; consideration; knowledge; understanding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Intendment</h1>
<Xpage=774>

<hw>In*tend"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>entendement</ets> understanding, insight, F. <ets>entendement</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>intendimentum</ets>. See <er>Intend</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Charge; oversight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ford.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Intention; design; purpose.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>intendment</b> of God and nature.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The true meaning, understanding, or intention of a law, or of any legal instrument.</def>

<h1>Intenerate</h1>
<Xpage=774>

<hw>In*ten"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intenerated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intenerating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + L. <ets>tener</ets> soft, tender. See <er>Tender</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To make tender or sensitive; to soften.</def>

<hr>
<page="775">
Page 775<p>

<blockquote>Fear <b>intenerates</b> the heart.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So have I seen the little purls of a stream . . . <b>intenerate</b> the stubborn pavement.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intenerate</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made tender or soft; softened.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inteneration</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of intenerating, or the state of being intenerated; softening.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Intenible</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + L. <ets>tenere</ets> to hold: cf. L. <ets>intenibilis</ets> not to be grasped. Cf. <er>Intenable</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of holding or containing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This captious and <b>intenible</b> sieve.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intensate</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intensated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intensating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Intense</er>.]</ety> <def>To intensify.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Intensation</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In`ten*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of intensifying; intensification; climax.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Intensative</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"sa*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adding intensity; intensifying.</def>

<h1>Intense</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*tense"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intensus</ets> stretched, tight, p. p. of <ets>intendere</ets> to stretch: cf. F. <ets>intense</ets>. See <er>Intend</er>, and cf. <er>Intent</er>, and cf. <er>Intent</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Strained; tightly drawn; kept on the stretch; strict; very close or earnest; <as>as, <ex>intense</ex> study or application; <ex>intense</ex> thought.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Extreme in degree; excessive; immoderate; as: <sd>(a)</sd> Ardent; fervent; <as>as, <ex>intense</ex> heat</as>. <sd>(b)</sd> Keen; biting; <as>as, <ex>intense</ex> cold</as>. <sd>(c)</sd> Vehement; earnest; exceedingly strong; <as>as, <ex>intense</ex> passion or hate</as>. <sd>(d)</sd> Very severe; violent; <as>as, <ex>intense</ex> pain or anguish</as>. <sd>(e)</sd> Deep; strong; brilliant; <as>as, <ex>intense</ex> color or light</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In this <b>intense</b> seclusion of the forest.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intensely</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*tense"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Intently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Spencer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To an extreme degree; <as>as, weather <ex>intensely</ex> cold</as>.</def>

<h1>Intenseness</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*tense"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being intense; intensity; <as>as, the <ex>intenseness</ex> of heat or cold; the <ex>intenseness</ex> of study or thought.</as></def>

<h1>Intensification</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten`si*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of intensifying, or of making more intense.</def>

<h1>Intensifier</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"si*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who or that which intensifies or strengthens; in photography, an agent used to intensify the lights or shadows of a picture.</def>

<h1>Intensify</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"si*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intensified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intensifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Intense</ets> + -<ets>fly</ets>.]</ety> <def>To render more intense; <as>as, to <ex>intensify</ex> heat or cold; to <ex>intensify</ex> colors; to <ex>intensify</ex> a photographic negative; to <ex>intensify</ex> animosity.</as></def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>How piercing is the sting of pride
By want embittered and <b>intensified</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intensify</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"si*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become intense, or more intense; to act with increasing power or energy.</def>

<h1>Intension</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intensio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intension</ets>. See <er>Intend</er>, and cf. <er>Intention</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A straining, stretching, or bending; the state of being strained; <as>as, the <ex>intension</ex> of a musical string</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Increase of power or energy of any quality or thing; intenseness; fervency.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>Sounds . . . likewise do rise and fall with the <b>intension</b> or remission of the wind.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Logic & Metaph.)</fld> <def>The collective attributes, qualities, or marks that make up a complex general notion; the comprehension, content, or connotation; -- opposed to <i>extension</i>, <i>extent</i>, or <i>sphere</i>.</def>

<blockquote>This law is, that the <b>intension</b> of our knowledge is in the inverse ratio of its extension.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intensitive</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"si*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Increasing the force or intensity of; intensive; <as>as, the <ex>intensitive</ex> words of a sentence</as>.</def>

<i>H. Sweet.</i>

<h1>Intensity</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"si*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>intensitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intensit\'82</ets>. See <er>Intense</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being intense; intenseness; extreme degree; <as>as, <ex>intensity</ex> of heat, cold, mental application, passion, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>If you would deepen the <b>intensity</b> of light, you must be content to bring into deeper blackness and more distinct and definite outline the shade that accompanies it.

<i>F. W. Robertson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The amount or degree of energy with which a force operates or a cause acts; effectiveness, as estimated by results produced.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The magnitude of a distributed force, as pressure, stress, weight, etc., per unit of surface, or of volume, as the case may be; <as>as, the measure of the <ex>intensity</ex> of a total stress of forty pounds which is distributed uniformly over a surface of four square inches area is ten pounds per square inch</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>The degree or depth of shade in a picture.</def>

<h1>Intensive</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>intensif</ets>. See <er>Intense</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Stretched; admitting of intension, or increase of degree; that can be intensified.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by persistence; intent; unremitted; assiduous; intense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Serving to give force or emphasis; <as>as, an <ex>intensive</ex> verb or preposition</as>.</def>

<h1>Intensive</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"sive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which intensifies or emphasizes; an intensive verb or word.</def>

<h1>Intensively</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an intensive manner; by increase of degree.</def>

<i>Abp. Bramhall.</i>

<h1>Intensiveness</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being intensive; intensity.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Intent</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*tent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intentus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>intendere</ets>. See <er>Intend</er>, and cf. <er>Intense</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Closely directed; strictly attentive; bent; -- said of the mind, thoughts, etc.; <as>as, a mind <ex>intent</ex> on self-improvement</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the mind closely directed to or bent on an object; sedulous; eager in pursuit of an object; -- formerly with <i>to</i>, but now with <i>on</i>; <as>as, <ex>intent</ex> on business or pleasure</as>.</def> "<i>Intent</i> on mischief."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Be <b>intent</b> and solicitous to take up the meaning of the speaker.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intent</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*tent"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>entent</ets>, <ets>entente</ets>, attention, purpose, OF. <ets>entente</ets>, F. <ets>entente</ets> understanding, meaning; a participial noun, fr. F. & OF. <ets>entendre</ets>. See <er>Intend</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of turning the mind toward an object; hence, a design; a purpose; intention; meaning; drift; aim.</def>

<blockquote>Be thy <b>intents</b> wicked or charitable.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The principal <b>intent</b> of Scripture is to deliver the <?/aws of duties supernatural.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To all intents</col>, <col>and purposes</col></mcol>, <cd>in all applications or senses; practically; really; virtually; essentially. "He was miserable <i>to all intents and purpose<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Design; purpose; intention; meaning; purport; view; drift; object; end; aim; plan.</syn>

<h1>Intentation</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In`ten*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Intention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Intention</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>intention</ets>, L. <ets>intentio</ets>. See <er>Intend</er>, and cf. <er>Intension</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A stretching or bending of the mind toward of the mind toward an object; closeness of application; fixedness of attention; earnestness.</def>

<blockquote><b>Intention</b> is when the mind, with great earnestness, and of choice, fixes its view on any idea.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A determination to act in a certain way or to do a certain thing; purpose; design; <as>as, an <ex>intention</ex> to go to New York</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Hell is paved with good <b>intentions</b>.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The object toward which the thoughts are directed; end; aim.</def>

<blockquote>In [chronical distempers], the principal <b>intention</b> is to restore the tone of the solid parts.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The state of being strained. See <er>Intension</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Any mental apprehension of an object.</def>

<cs><col>First intention</col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>a conception of a thing formed by the first or direct application of the mind to the individual object; an idea or image; as, <i>man<i>, <i>stone<i>.</cd> -- <col>Second intention</col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>a conception generalized from first intuition or apprehension already formed by the mind; an abstract notion; especially, a classified notion, as <i>species<i>, <i>genus<i>, <i>whiteness<i>.</cd> -- <col>To heal by the first intention</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>to cicatrize, as a wound, without suppuration.</cd> -- <col>To heal by the second intention</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>to unite after suppuration.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Design; purpose; object; aim; intent; drift; purport; meaning. See <er>Design</er>.</syn>

<h1>Intentional</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>intentionnel</ets>.]</ety> <def>Done by intention or design; intended; designed; <as>as, the act was <ex>intentional</ex>, not accidental</as>.</def>

<h1>Intentionality</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten`tion*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being intentional; purpose; design.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Intentionally</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"tion*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an intentional manner; with intention; by design; of purpose.</def>

<h1>Intentioned</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"tioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having designs; -- chiefly used in composition; <as>as, well-<ex>intentioned</ex>, having good designs; ill-<ex>intentioned</ex>, having ill designs.</as></def>

<h1>Intentive</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ententif</ets>, OF. <ets>ententif</ets>, fr. L. <ets>intentivus</ets> intensive. See <er>Intent</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Intensive</er>.]</ety> <def>Attentive; intent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Intentively</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Attentively; closely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Intentively</i> to observe."

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Intentiveness</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ten"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Closeness of attention or application of mind; attentiveness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Intently</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*tent"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an intent manner; <as>as, the eyes <ex>intently</ex> fixed</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Fixedly; steadfastly; earnestly; attentively; sedulously; diligently; eagerly.</syn>

<h1>Intentness</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*tent"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being intent; close application; attention.</def>

<blockquote>Extreme solicitude or <b>intentness</b> upon business.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inter-</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In"ter-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>inter</ets>, prep., among, between, a compar. form of <ets>in</ets> in; akin to <ets>intra</ets>, <ets>intro</ets>, within, Skr. <ets>antar</ets> between, in, and E.<ets>in</ets>. See <er>In</er>, and cf. <er>Entrails</er>, <er>Interior</er>, <er>Enter-</er>, <er>Exterior</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying <i>among</i>, <i>between</i>, <i>amid</i>; <as>as, <ex>inter</ex>act, <ex>inter</ex>articular, <ex>inter</ex>mit</as>.</def>

<h1>Inter</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In*ter"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interring</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>enteren</ets>, OF. <ets>enterer</ets>, <ets>enterrer</ets>, LL. <ets>interrare</ets>; L. pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>terra</ets> the earth. See <er>Terrace</er>.]</ety> <def>To deposit and cover in the earth; to bury; to inhume; <as>as, to <ex>inter</ex> a dead body</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Interact</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In`ter*act"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + <ets>act</ets>. Cf. <er>Entr'acte</er>.]</ety> <def>A short act or piece between others, as in a play; an interlude; hence, intermediate employment or time.</def>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Interact</h1>
<Xpage=775>

<hw>In`ter*act"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act upon each other; <as>as, two agents mutually <ex>interact</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Emerson. Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Interaction</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Intermediate action.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mutual or reciprocal action or influence; <as>as, the <ex>interaction</ex> of the heart and lungs on each other</as>.</def>

<h1>Interadditive</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ad"di*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Added or placed between the parts of another thing, as a clause inserted parenthetically in a sentence.</def>

<h1>Interagency</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*a"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Intermediate agency.</def>

<h1>Interagent</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*a"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An intermediate agent.</def>

<h1>Interall</h1>
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<hw>In"ter*all</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Entrail or inside.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>G. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Interalveolar</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*al"ve*o*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between alveoli; <as>as, the <ex>interalveolar</ex> septa between adjacent air cells in the lungs</as>.</def>

<h1>Interambulacral</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*am`bu*la"cral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the interambulacra.</def>

<h1>Interambulacrum</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*am`bu*la"crum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Interambulacra</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, E. <plw>Interambulacrums</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>In echinoderms, one of the areas or zones intervening between two ambulacra. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Ambulacrum</er>.</def>

<h1>Interamnian</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*am"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + L. <ets>amnis</ets> river: cf. L. <ets>interamnus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Situated between rivers.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "An <i>interamnian</i> country."

<i>J. Bryant.</i>

<h1>Interanimate</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*an"i*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To animate or inspire mutually.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Interarboration</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ar`bo*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The interweaving of branches of trees.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Interarticular</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ar*tic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated between joints or articulations; <as>as, <ex>interarticular</ex> cartilages and ligaments</as>.</def>

<h1>Interatomic</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*a*tom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem. & Physics)</fld> <def>Between atoms; situated, or acting, between the atoms of bodies; <as>as, <ex>interatomic</ex> forces</as>.</def>

<h1>Interaulic</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*au"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Existing between royal courts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Interaulic</i> politics."

<i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Interauricular</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*au*ric"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the auricles; <as>as, the <ex>interauricular</ex> partition of the heart</as>.</def>

<h1>Interaxal</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ax"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Situated in an interaxis.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Interaxillary</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ax"il*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Situated within or between the axils of leaves.</def>

<h1>Interaxis</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ax"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Interaxes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The space between two axes. See <er>Axis</er>, 6.</def>

<blockquote>The doors, windows, niches, and the like, are then placed centrally in the <b>interaxes</b>.
<i>Gwilt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interbastation</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*bas*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + <ets>baste</ets> to sew.]</ety> <def>Patchwork.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. J. Smith.</i>

<h1>Interbrachial</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*brach"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Between the arms.</def>

<h1>Interbrain</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*brain`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Thalamencephalon</er>.</def>

<h1>Interbranchial</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*bran"chi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Between the branchi\'91.</def>

<h1>Interbreed</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*breed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To breed by crossing different stocks of animals or plants.</def>

<h1>Intercalar</h1>
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<hw>In*ter"ca*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Intercalary.</def>

<h1>Intercalary</h1>
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<hw>In*ter"ca*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intercalaris</ets>, <ets>intercalarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intercalaire</ets>. See <er>Intercalate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chron.)</fld> <def>Inserted or introduced among others in the calendar; <as>as, an <ex>intercalary</ex> month, day, etc.</as>; -- now applied particularly to the odd day (Feb. 29) inserted in the calendar of leap year. See <er>Bissextile</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Introduced or inserted among others; additional; supernumerary.</def> "<i>Intercalary</i> spines."

<i>Owen.</i>

<blockquote>This <b>intercalary</b> line . . . is made the last of a triplet.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Intercalary day</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>one on which no paroxysm of an intermittent disease occurs.</cd></cs>

<i>Mayne.</i>

<h1>Intercalate</h1>
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<hw>In*ter"ca*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intercalated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intercalating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>intercalatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>intercalare</ets> to intercalate to intercalate; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>calare</ets> to call, proclaim. See <er>Calendar</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chron.)</fld> <def>To insert, as a day or other portion of time, in a calendar.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To insert among others, as a verse in a stanza; specif. <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, to introduce as a bed or stratum, between the layers of a regular series of rocks.</def>

<blockquote>Beds of fresh-water shells . . . are <b>intercalated</b> and interstratified with the shale.
<i>Mantell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intercalation</h1>
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<hw>In*ter`ca*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intercalatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intercalation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chron.)</fld> <def>The insertion of a day, or other portion of time, in a calendar.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The insertion or introduction of anything among others, as the insertion of a phrase, line, or verse in a metrical composition; specif. <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, the intrusion of a bed or layer between other layers.</def>

<blockquote><b>Intercalations</b> of fresh-water species in some localities.
<i>Mantell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intercarotid</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ca*rot"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated between the external and internal carotid arteries; <as>as, an <ex>intercarotid</ex> ganglion</as>.</def>

<h1>Intercarpal</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*car"pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the carpal bone; <as>as, <ex>intercarpal</ex> articulations, ligaments</as>.</def>

<h1>Intercartilaginous</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*car`ti*lag"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Within cartilage; endochondral; <as>as, <ex>intercartilaginous</ex> ossification</as>.</def>

<h1>Intercavernous</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cav"ern*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the cavernous sinuses; <as>as, the <ex>intercavernous</ex> sinuses connecting the cavernous sinuses at the base of the brain</as>.</def>

<h1>Intercede</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cede"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interceded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interceding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>intercedere</ets>, <ets>intercessum</ets>; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>cedere</ets> to pass: cf. F. <ets>interc\'82der</ets>. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To pass between; to intervene.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He supposed that a vast period <b>interceded</b> between that origination and the age wherein he lived.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act between parties with a view to reconcile differences; to make intercession; to beg or plead in behalf of another; to mediate; -- usually followed by <i>with</i> and <i>for</i>; <as>as, I will <ex>intercede with</ex> him <ex>for</ex> you</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I to the lords will <b>intercede</b>, not doubting
Their favorable ear.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To mediate; arbitrate. See <er>Interpose</er>.</syn>

<h1>Intercede</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cede"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To be, to come, or to pass, between; to separate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir I. Newton.</i>

<h1>Intercedence</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ced"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of interceding; intercession; intervention.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Reynolds.</i>

<h1>Intercedent</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ced"ent</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intercedens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>intercedere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Passing between; mediating; pleading.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>In`ter*ced"ent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Interceder</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ced"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who intercedes; an intercessor; a mediator.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Intercellular</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cel"lu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lying between cells or cellules; <as>as, <ex>intercellular</ex> substance, space, or fluids; <ex>intercellular</ex> blood channels.</as></def>

<h1>Intercentral</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cen"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Between centers.</def>

<cs><col>Intercentral nerves</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>those nerves which transmit impulses between nerve centers, as opposed to peripheral fibers, which convey impulses between peripheral parts and nerve centers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Intercentrum</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cen"trum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Intercentra</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The median of the three elements composing the centra of the vertebr\'91 in some fossil batrachians.</def>

<h1>Intercept</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cept"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intercepted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intercepting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>interceptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>intercipere</ets> to intercept; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>capere</ets> to take, seize: cf. F. <ets>intercepter</ets>. See <er>Capable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To take or seize by the way, or before arrival at the destined place; to cause to stop on the passage; <as>as, to <ex>intercept</ex> a letter; a telegram will <ex>intercept</ex> him at Paris.</as></def>

<blockquote>God will shortly <b>intercept</b> your breath.
<i>Joye.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To obstruct or interrupt the progress of; to stop; to hinder or oppose; <as>as, to <ex>intercept</ex> the current of a river</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Who <b>intercepts</b> me in my expedition?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We must meet first, and <b>intercept</b> his course.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To interrupt communication with, or progress toward; to cut off, as the destination; to blockade.</def>

<blockquote>While storms vindictive <b>intercept</b> the shore.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="776">
Page 776<p>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To include between; <as>as, that part of the <?/ine which is <ex>intercepted</ex> between the points <er>A</er> and <er>B</er></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To cut off; stop; catch; seize; obstruct.</syn>

<h1>Intercept</h1>
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<hw>In"ter*cept`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A part cut off or intercepted, as a portion of a line included between two points, or cut off two straight lines or curves.</def>

<h1>Intercepter</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cept"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, intercepts.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Interception</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interceptio</ets> a taking away: cf. F. <ets>interception</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of intercepting; <as>as, <ex>interception</ex> of a letter; <ex>interception</ex> of the enemy.</as></def>

<h1>Interceptive</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cept"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Intercepting or tending to intercept.</def>

<-- interceptor n.  one that intercepts, esp. a fast-climbing high-speed combat airplane for defense against attacking airplanes; also, a missile which intercepts and destroys incoming missiles or airplanes.  Also spelt intercepter. [MW10]-->

<h1>Intercession</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ces"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intercessio</ets> an intervention, a becoming surety: cf. F. <ets>intercession</ets>. See <er>Intercede</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of interceding; mediation; interposition between parties at variance, with a view to reconcilation; prayer, petition, or entreaty in favor of, or (less often) against, another or others.</def>

<blockquote>But the Spirit itself maketh <b>intercession</b> for us with groanings which can not be uttered.
<i>Rom. viii. 26.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intercessional</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ces"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, of the nature of, or characterized by, intercession or entreaty.</def>

<h1>Intercessionate</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ces"sion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To entreat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Intercessor</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ces"sor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a surety: cf. F. <ets>intercesseur</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who goes between, or intercedes; a mediator. <sd>(a)</sd> One who interposes between parties at variance, with a view to reconcile them. <sd>(b)</sd> One who pleads in behalf of another.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A bishop, who, during a vacancy of the see, administers the bishopric till a successor is installed.</def>

<h1>Intercessorial</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ces*so"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Intercessory.</def>

<h1>Intercessory</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ces"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>intercessorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, of the nature of, or characterized by, intercession; interceding; <as>as, <ex>intercessory</ex> prayer</as>.</def>

<h1>Interchain</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*chain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interchained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interchaining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To link together; to unite closely or firmly, as by a chain.</def>

<blockquote>Two bosoms <b>interchained</b> with an oath.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interchange</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*change"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interchanged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interchanging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>entrechangen</ets>, OF. <ets>entrechangier</ets>. See <er>Inter-</er>, and <er>Change</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To put each in the place of the other; to give and take mutually; to exchange; to reciprocate; <as>as, to <ex>interchange</ex> places; they <ex>interchanged</ex> friendly offices and services.</as></def>

<blockquote>I shall <b>interchange</b>
My waned state for Henry's regal crown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to follow alternately; to intermingle; to vary; <as>as, to <ex>interchange</ex> cares with pleasures</as>.</def>

<h1>Interchange</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*change"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make an interchange; to alternate.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Interchange</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*change"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>entrechange</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of mutually changing; the act of mutually giving and receiving; exchange; <as>as, the <ex>interchange</ex> of civilities between two persons</as>.</def> "<i>Interchange</i> of kindnesses."

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The mutual exchange of commodities between two persons or countries; barter; commerce.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Alternate succession; alternation; a mingling.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>interchanges</b> of light and darkness.
<i>Holder.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sweet <b>interchange</b>
Of hill and valley, rivers, woods, and plains.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interchangeability</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*change`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being interchangeable; interchangeableness.</def>

<h1>Interchangeable</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*change"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>entrechangeable</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Admitting of exchange or mutual substitution.</def> "<i>Interchangeable</i> warrants."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Following each other in alternate succession; <as>as, the four <ex>interchangeable</ex> seasons</as>.</def>

<i>Holder.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>In`ter*change"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In`ter*change"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Interchangement</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*change"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>entrechangement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mutual transfer; exchange.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Interchapter</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*chap"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An intervening or inserted chapter.</def>

<h1>Intercidence</h1>
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<hw>In*ter"ci*dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Intercident</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or state of coming or falling between; occurrence; incident.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Intercident</h1>
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<hw>In*ter"ci*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intercidens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>intercidere</ets> to fall between; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>cadere</ets> to fall.]</ety> <def>Falling or coming between; happening accidentally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Intercipient</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cip"i*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intercipiens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>intercipere</ets>. See <er>Intercept</er>.]</ety> <def>Intercepting; stopping.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, intercepts or stops anything on the passage.</def></def2>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Inrecision</h1>
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<hw>In`re*ci"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intercisio</ets> a cutting through, fr. <ets>intercidere</ets> to cut asunder.]</ety> <def>A cutting off, through, or asunder; interruption.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Intercitizenship</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cit"i*zen*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The mutual right to civic privileges, in the different States.</def>

<i>Bancroft.</i>

<h1>Interclavicle</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*clav"i*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Episternum</er>.</def>

<h1>Interclavicular</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cla*vic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Between the clavicles; <as>as, the <ex>interclavicular</ex> notch of the sternum</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the interclavicle.</def>

<h1>Interclose</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*close"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + <ets>close</ets>. See <er>Interclude</er>.]</ety> <def>To shut in; to inclose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Intercloud</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cloud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cloud.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Interclude</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*clude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intercluded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intercluding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>intercludere</ets>, <ets>interclusum</ets>; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>claudere</ets> to shut. See <er>Close</er>, and cf. <er>Interclose</er>.]</ety> <def>To shut off or out from a place or course, by something intervening; to intercept; to cut off; to interrupt.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<blockquote>So all passage of external air into the receiver may be <b>intercluded</b>.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interclusion</h1>
<Xpage=776>

<hw>In`ter*clu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interclusio</ets>. See <er>Interclude</er>.]</ety> <def>Interception; a stopping <?/ obstruction.</def>

<h1>Intercollegiate</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*col*le"gi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Existing or carried on between colleges or universities; <as>as, <ex>intercollegiate</ex> relations, rivalry, games, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Intercolline</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*col"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Situated between hills; -- applied especially to valleys lying between volcanic cones.</def>

<h1>Intercolonial</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*co*lo"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Between or among colonies; pertaining to the intercourse or mutual relations of colonies; <as>as, <ex>intercolonial</ex> trade</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`ter*co*lo"ni*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Intercolumnar</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*co*lum"nar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Between columns or pillars; <as>as, the <ex>intercolumnar</ex> fibers of Poupart's ligament; an <ex>intercolumnar</ex> statue.</as></def>

<h1>Intercolumniation</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*co*lum`ni*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The clear space between two columns, measured at the bottom of their shafts.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<note>&hand; It is customary to measure the intercolumniation in terms of the diameter of the shaft, taken also at the bottom. Different words, derived from the Greek, are in use to denote certain common proportions. They are: <stype>Pycnostyle</stype>, when the intercolumniation is of one and a half diameters; <stype>Systyle</stype>, of two diameters; <stype>Eustyle</stype>, of two and a quarter diameters; <stype>Diastyle</stype>, of three diameters; <stype>Ar\'91ostyle</stype>, of four or more, and so great that a wooden architrave has to be used instead of stone; <stype>Ar\'91osystyle</stype>, when the intercolumniations are alternately systyle and ar\'91ostyle.</note>

<h1>Intercombat</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*com"bat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Combat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Intercoming</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*com"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of coming between; intervention; interference.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Intercommon</h1>
<Xpage=776>

<hw>In`ter*com"mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intercommoned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intercommoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>entrecommuner</ets>. See <er>Inter-</er>, and <er>Common</er>, and cf. <er>Intercommune</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To share with others; to participate; especially, to eat at the same table.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To graze cattle promiscuously in the commons of each other, as the inhabitants of adjoining townships, manors, etc.</def>

<h1>Intercommonage</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*com"mon*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The right or privilege of intercommoning.</def>

<h1>Intercommune</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*com*mune"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intercommuned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intercommuning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Intercommon</er>, <er>Intercommunicate</er>, <er>Commune</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To intercommunicate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have mutual communication or intercourse by conservation.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Intercommunicable</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*com*mu"ni*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being mutually communicated.</def>

<h1>Intercommunicate</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*com*mu"ni*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To communicate mutually; to hold mutual communication.</def>

<h1>Intercommunicate</h1>
<Xpage=776>

<hw>In`ter*com*mu"ni*cate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To communicate mutually; to interchange.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Intercommunication</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*com*mu`ni*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mutual communication.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Intercommunion</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*com*mun"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mutual communion; <as>as, an <ex>intercommunion</ex> of deities</as>.</def>

<i>Faber.</i>

<h1>Intercommunity</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*com*mu"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Intercommunication; community of possessions, religion, etc.</def>

<blockquote>In consequence of that <b>intercommunity</b> of paganism . . . one nation adopted the gods of another.
<i>Bp. Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intercomparison</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*com*par"i*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mutual comparison of corresponding parts.</def>

<h1>Intercondylar, Intercondyloid</h1>
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<hw><hw>In`ter*con"dy*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`ter*con"dy*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between condyles; <as>as, the <ex>intercondylar</ex> fossa or notch of the femur</as>.</def>

<h1>Interconnect</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*con*nect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To join together.</def>

<h1>Interconnection</h1>
<Xpage=776>

<hw>In`ter*con*nec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Connection between; mutual connection.</def>

<h1>Intercontinental</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*con`ti*nen"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Between or among continents; subsisting or carried on between continents; <as>as, <ex>intercontinental</ex> relations or commerce</as>.</def>

<h1>Interconvertible</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*con*vert"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Convertible the one into the other; <as>as, coin and bank notes are <ex>interconvertible</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Intercostal</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cos"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat. & Physiol.)</fld> <def>Between the ribs; pertaining to, or produced by, the parts between the ribs; <as>as, <ex>intercostal</ex> respiration, in which the chest is alternately enlarged and contracted by the <ex>intercostal</ex> muscles</as>.</def>

<h1>Intercourse</h1>
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<hw>In"ter*course</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formerly <ets>entercourse</ets>, OF. <ets>entrecours</ets> commerce, exchange, F. <ets>entrecours</ets> a reciprocal right on neighboring lands, L. <ets>intercursus</ets> a running between, fr. <ets>intercurrere</ets> to run between. See <er>Inter-</er>, and <er>Course</er>.]</ety> <def>A <?/<?/mmingling; intimate connection or dealings between persons or nations, as in common affairs and civilities, in correspondence or trade; communication; commerce; especially, interchange of thought and feeling; association; communion.</def>

<blockquote>This sweet <b>intercourse</b>
Of looks and smiles.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Sexual intercourse</col>, <cd>sexual or carnal connection; coition.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Communication; connection; commerce; communion; fellowship; familiarity; acquaintance.</syn>

<h1>Intercross</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cross"</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intercrossed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intercrossing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cross each other, as lines.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To fertilize by the impregnation of one species or variety by another; to impregnate by a different species or variety.</def>

<h1>Intercross</h1>
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<hw>In"ter*cross`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process or result of cross fertilization between different kinds of animals, or different varieties of plants.</def>

<blockquote>We have reason to believe that occasional <b>intercrosses</b> take place with all animals and plants.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intercrural</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cru"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between crura; -- applied especially to the interneural plates in the vertebral column of many cartilaginous fishes.</def>

<h1>Intercur</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intercurrere</ets>. See <er>Intercourse</er>.]</ety> <def>To intervene; to come or occur in the meantime.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Intercurrence</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cur"rence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Intercurrent</er>.]</ety> <def>A passing or running between; occurrence.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Intercurrent</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cur"rent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intercurrens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>intercurrere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intercurrent</ets>. See <er>Intercur</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Running between or among; intervening.</def>

<i>Boyle. Bp. Fell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Not belonging to any particular season.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Said of diseases occurring in the course of another disease.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Intercurrent</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cur"rent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something intervening.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Intercutaneous</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*cu*ta"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Subcutaneous.</def>

<h1>Interdash</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*dash"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interdashed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interdashing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To dash between or among; to intersperse.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Interdeal</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*deal"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To intrigue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Interdental</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*den"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Situated between teeth; <as>as, an <ex>interdental</ex> space, the space between two teeth in a gear wheel</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>Formed between the upper and lower teeth; <as>as, <ex>interdental</ex> consonants</as>.</def>

<h1>Interdentil</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*den"til</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The space between two dentils.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Interdependence</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*de*pend"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mutual dependence.</def> "The <i>interdependence</i> of virtue and knowledge."

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Interdependency</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*de*pend"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mutual dependence; <as>as, <ex>interdependency</ex> of interests</as>.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Interdependent</h1>
<Xpage=776>

<hw>In`ter*de*pend"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mutually dependent.</def>

<h1>Interdict</h1>
<Xpage=776>

<hw>In`ter*dict"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interdicted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interdicting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>entrediten</ets> to forbid communion, L. <ets>interdicere</ets>, <ets>interdictum</ets>. See <er>Interdict</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To forbid; to prohibit or debar; <as>as, to <ex>interdict</ex> intercourse with foreign nations</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Charged not to touch the <b>interdicted</b> tree.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>To lay under an interdict; to cut off from the enjoyment of religious privileges, as a city, a church, an individual.</def>

<blockquote>An archbishop may not only excommunicate and <b>interdict</b> his suffragans, but his vicar general may do the same.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interdict</h1>
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<hw>In"ter*dict`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>entredit</ets>, <ets>enterdit</ets>, OF. <ets>entredit</ets>, F. <ets>interdit</ets>, fr. L. <ets>interdictum</ets>, fr. <ets>interdicere</ets> to interpose, prohibit; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>dicere</ets> to say. See <er>Diction</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A prohibitory order or decree; a prohibition.</def>

<blockquote>These are not fruits forbidden; no <b>interdict</b>
Defends the touching of these viands pure.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A prohibition of the pope, by which the clergy or laymen are restrained from performing, or from attending, divine service, or from administering the offices or enjoying the privileges of the church.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>An order of the court of session, having the like purpose and effect with a writ of injunction out of chancery in England and America.</def>

<h1>Interdiction</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*dic"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interdictio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>interdiction</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of interdicting; prohibition; prohibiting decree; curse; interdict.</def>

<blockquote>The truest issue of thy throne
By his own <b>interdiction</b> stands accurst.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interdictive</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*dict"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the power to prohibit; <as>as, an <ex>interdictive</ex> sentence</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Interdictory</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*dict"o*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interdictorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to an interdiction; prohibitory.</def>

<h1>Interdigital</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*dig"i*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the fingers or toes; <as>as, <ex>interdigital</ex> space</as>.</def>

<h1>Interdigitate</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*dig"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To interweave.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Interdigitate</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*dig"i*tate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + L. <ets>digitus</ets> finger.]</ety> <def>To interlock, as the fingers of two hands that are joined; to be interwoven; to commingle.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Interdigitation</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*dig`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The state of interdigitating; interdigital space.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Interdome</h1>
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<hw>In"ter*dome`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The open space between the inner and outer shells of a dome or cupola of masonry.</def>

<h1>Interduce</h1>
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<hw>In"ter*duce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>entre-deux</ets>, literally, between two.]</ety> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>An intertie.</def>

<h1>Interepimeral</h1>
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<hw>In"ter*e*pim"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Between the epimeral plates of insects and crustaceans.</def>

<h1>Interequinoctial</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*e`qui*noc"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Coming between the equinoxes.</def>

<blockquote>Summer and winter I have called <b>interequinoctial</b> intervals.
<i>F. Balfour.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interess</h1>
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<hw>In"ter*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Interest</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To interest or affect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Interesse</h1>
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<hw>In"ter*esse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Interest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Interest</h1>
<Xpage=776>

<hw>In"ter*est</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interested</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interesting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <ets>interess'd</ets>, p. p. of the older form <ets>interess</ets>, fr. F. <ets>int\'82resser</ets>, L. <ets>interesse</ets>. See <er>Interest</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To engage the attention of; to awaken interest in; to excite emotion or passion in, in behalf of a person or thing; <as>as, the subject did not <ex>interest</ex> him; to <ex>interest</ex> one in charitable work.</as></def>

<blockquote>To love our native country . . . to be <b>interested</b> in its concerns is natural to all men.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A goddess who used to <b>interest</b> herself in marriages.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be concerned with or engaged in; to affect; to concern; to excite; -- often used impersonally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Or rather, gracious sir,
Create me to this glory, since my cause
Doth <b>interest</b> this fair quarrel.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause or permit to share.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The mystical communion of all faithful men is such as maketh every one to be <b>interested</b> in those precious blessings which any one of them receiveth at God's hands.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To concern; excite; attract; entertain; engage; occupy; hold.</syn>

<h1>Interest</h1>
<Xpage=776>

<hw>In"ter*est</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>interest</ets>, F. <ets>int\'82r\'88t</ets>, fr. L. <ets>interest</ets> it interests, is of interest, fr. <ets>interesse</ets> to be between, to be difference, to be importance; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>esse</ets> to be; cf. LL. <ets>interesse</ets> usury. See <er>Essence</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Excitement of feeling, whether pleasant or painful, accompanying special attention to some object; concern.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Interest</i> expresses mental excitement of various kinds and degrees. It may be intellectual, or sympathetic and emotional, or merely personal; as, an <i>interest</i> in philosophical research; an <i>interest</i> in human suffering; the <i>interest</i> which an avaricious man takes in money getting.</note>

<blockquote>So much <b>interest</b> have I in thy sorrow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="777">
Page 777<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Participation in advantage, profit, and responsibility; share; portion; part; <as>as, an <ex>interest</ex> in a brewery; he has parted with his <ex>interest</ex> in the stocks.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Advantage, personal or general; good, regarded as a selfish benefit; profit; benefit.</def>

<blockquote>Divisions hinder the common <b>interest</b> and public good.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When <b>interest</b> calls of all her sneaking train.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Premium paid for the use of money, -- usually reckoned as a percentage; <as>as, <ex>interest</ex> at five per cent per annum on ten thousand dollars</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They have told their money, and let out
Their coin upon large <b>interest</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Any excess of advantage over and above an exact equivalent for what is given or rendered.</def>

<blockquote>You shall have your desires with <b>interest</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The persons interested in any particular business or measure, taken collectively; <as>as, the iron <ex>interest</ex>; the cotton <ex>interest</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>Compound interest</col>, <cd>interest, not only on the original principal, but also on unpaid interest from the time it fell due.</cd> -- <col>Simple interest</col>, <cd>interest on the principal sum without interest on overdue interest.</cd></cs>

<h1>Interested</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In"ter*est*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Interest</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the attention engaged; having emotion or passion excited; <as>as, an <ex>interested</ex> listener</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having an interest; concerned in a cause or in consequences; liable to be affected or prejudiced; <as>as, an <ex>interested</ex> witness</as>.</def>

<h1>Interestedness</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In"ter*est*ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being interested; selfishness.</def>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<h1>Interesting</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In"ter*est*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Engaging the attention; exciting, or adapted to excite, interest, curiosity, or emotion; <as>as, an <ex>interesting</ex> story; <ex>interesting</ex> news.</as></def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Interestingly</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In"ter*est*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an interesting manner.</def>

<h1>Interestingness</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In"ter*est*ing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or quality of being interesting.</def>

<i>A. Smith.</i>

<h1>Interfacial</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*fa"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Included between two plane surfaces or faces; <as>as, an <ex>interfacial</ex> angle</as>.</def>

<h1>Interfascicular</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*fas*cic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between fascicles or bundles; <as>as, the <ex>interfascicular</ex> spaces of connective tissue</as>.</def>

<h1>Interferant</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*fer"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One of the contestants in interference before the Patent Office.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Interfere</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*fere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interfered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interfering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>entreferir</ets> to strike each other; <ets>entre</ets> between (L. <ets>inter</ets>) + OF. <ets>ferir</ets> to strike, F. <ets>f\'82rir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ferire</ets>. See <er>Ferula</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To come in collision; to be in opposition; to clash; <as>as, <ex>interfering</ex> claims, or commands</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enter into, or take a part in, the concerns of others; to intermeddle; to interpose.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>interfere</b> with party disputes.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There was no room for anyone to <b>interfere</b> with his own opinions.
<i>Bp. Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To strike one foot against the opposite foot or ankle in using the legs; -- sometimes said of a human being, but usually of a horse; <as>as, the horse <ex>interferes</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>To act reciprocally, so as to augment, diminish, or otherwise affect one another; -- said of waves, rays of light, heat, etc. See <er>Interference</er>, 2.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Patent Law)</fld> <def>To cover the same ground; to claim the same invention.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To interpose; intermeddle. See <er>Interpose</er>.</syn>

<h1>Interference</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*fer"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Interfere</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of interfering; <as>as, the stoppage of a machine by the <ex>interference</ex> of some of its parts; a meddlesome <ex>interference</ex> in the business of others.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The mutual influence, under certain conditions, of two streams of light, or series of pulsations of sound, or, generally, two waves or vibrations of any kind, producing certain characteristic phenomena, as colored fringes, dark bands, or darkness, in the case of light, silence or increased intensity in sounds; neutralization or superposition of waves generally.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is most commonly applied to light, and the <i>undulatory</i> theory of light affords the proper explanation of the phenomena which are considered to be produced by the superposition of waves, and are thus substantially identical in their origin with the phenomena of heat, sound, waves of water, and the like.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Patent Law)</fld> <def>The act or state of interfering, or of claiming a right to the same invention.</def>

<cs><col>Interference figures</col> <fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>the figures observed when certain sections of crystallized bodies are viewed in converging polarized light; thus, a section of a uniaxial crystal, cut normal to the vertical axis, shows a series of concentric colored rings with a single black cross; -- so called because produced by the <i>interference<i> of luminous waves.</cd> -- <col>Interference fringe</col>. <fld>(Optics)</fld> <cd>See <er>Fringe</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Interferer</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*fer"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who interferes.</def>

<h1>Interferingly</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*fer"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By or with interference.</def>

<h1>Interflow</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*flow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To flow in.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Interfluent, Interfluous</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw><hw>In*ter"flu*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*ter"flu*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interfluens</ets>, p. pr., and <ets>interfluus</ets>. See <er>Inter-</er>, and <er>Fluent</er>.]</ety> <def>Flowing between or among; intervening.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Interfolded</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*fold"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Intertwined; interlocked; clasped together.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Interfoliaceous</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*fo`li*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + <ets>foliaceous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>interfoliac\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>At the same node with opposite or whorled leaves, but occupying a position between their places of attachment.</def>

<h1>Interfoliate</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + L. <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <def>To interleave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Interfollicular</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*fol*lic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between follicles; <as>as, the <ex>interfollicular</ex> septa in a lymphatic gland</as>.</def>

<h1>Interfretted</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*fret"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Interlaced; linked together; -- said of charges or bearings. See <er>Fretted</er>.</def>

<h1>Interfulgent</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*ful"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interfulgens</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Inter-</er>, and <er>Fulgent</er>.]</ety> <def>Shining between.</def>

<h1>Interfuse</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*fuse"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interfusus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>interfundere</ets> to pour between; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>fundere</ets> to pour. See <er>Fuse</er> to melt.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To pour or spread between or among; to diffuse; to scatter.</def>

<blockquote>The ambient air, wide <b>interfused</b>,
Embracing round this florid earth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To spread through; to permeate; to pervade.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Keats, in whom the moral seems to have so perfectly <b>interfused</b> the physical man, that you might almost say he could feel sorrow with his hands.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To mix up together; to associate.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Interfusion</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*fu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interfusio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of interfusing, or the state of being interfused.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Interganglionic</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*gan`gli*on"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between and uniting the nervous ganglions; <as>as, <ex>interganglionic</ex> cords</as>.</def>

<h1>Interglobular</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*glob"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between globules; -- applied esp. to certain small spaces, surrounded by minute globules, in dentine.</def>

<h1>Intergrave</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*grave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Intergraved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Intergraved</er> or <er>Intergraven</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intergraving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To grave or carve between; to engrave in the alternate sections.</def>

<blockquote>The work itself of the bases, was <b>intergraven</b>.
<i>3 Kings vii. 28 (Douay version. )</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interhemal, Interh\'91mal</h1>
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<hw><hw>In`ter*he"mal</hw>, <hw>In`ter*h\'91"mal</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the hemal arches or hemal spines.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An interhemal spine or cartilage.</def></def2>

<h1>Interhyal</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*hy"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Inter-</ets> + the Greek letter <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a segment sometimes present at the proximal end of the hyoidean arch.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An interhyal ligament or cartilage.</def></def2>

<h1>Interim</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In"ter*im</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>im</ets>, an old accusative of <ets>is</ets> he, this, that.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The meantime; time intervening; interval between events, etc.</def>

<blockquote>All the <b>interim</b> is
Like a phantasms, or a hideous dream.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Hist.)</fld> <def>A name given to each of three compromises made by the emperor Charles V. of Germany for the sake of harmonizing the connecting opinions of Protestants and Catholics.</def>

<h1>Interior</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In*te"ri*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L., compar. fr. <ets>inter</ets> between: cf. F. <ets>int\'82rieur</ets>. See <er>Inter-</er>, and cf. <er>Intimate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Being within any limits, inclosure, or substance; inside; internal; inner; -- opposed to <i>exterior</i>, or <i>superficial</i>; <as>as, the <ex>interior</ex> apartments of a house; the <ex>interior</ex> surface of a hollow ball.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Remote from the limits, frontier, or shore; inland; <as>as, the <ex>interior</ex> parts of a region or country</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Interior angle</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>an angle formed between two sides, within any rectilinear figure, as a polygon, or between two parallel lines by these lines and another intersecting them; -- called also <altname>internal angle</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Interior planets</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>those planets within the orbit of the earth.</cd> -- <col>Interior screw</col>, <cd>a screw cut on an interior surface, as in a nut; a female screw.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Internal; inside; inner; inland; inward.</syn>

<h1>Interior</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In*te"ri*or</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is within; the internal or inner part of a thing; the inside.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The inland part of a country, state, or kingdom.</def>

<cs><col>Department of the Interior</col>, <cd>that department of the government of the United States which has charge of pensions, patents, public lands and surveys, the Indians, education, etc.; that department of the government of a country which is specially charged with the internal affairs of that country; the home department.</cd> -- <col>Secretary of the Interior</col>, <cd>the cabinet officer who, in the United States, is at the head of the Department of the Interior.</cd></cs>

<h1>Interiority</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In*te`ri*or"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being interior.</def>

<h1>Interiorly</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In*te"ri*or*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Internally; inwardly.</def>

<h1>Interjacence, Interjacency</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw><hw>In`ter*ja"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`ter*ja"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Interjacent</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being between; a coming or lying between or among; intervention; also, that which lies between.</def>

<blockquote>England and Scotland is divided only by the <b>interjacency</b> of the Tweed.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interjacent</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ja"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interjacens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>interjacere</ets> to lie between; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>jac<?/re</ets> to lie.]</ety> <def>Lying or being between or among; intervening; <as>as, <ex>interjacent</ex> isles</as>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Interjaculate</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*jac"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To ejaculate parenthetically.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Interjangle</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*jan"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a dissonant, discordant noise one with another; to talk or chatter noisily.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Interject</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*ject"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interjected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interjecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>interjectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>interjicere</ets> to interject; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>jac<?/re</ets> to throw. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting forth.]</ety> <def>To throw in between; to insert; to interpose.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Interject</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*ject"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To throw one's self between or among; to come between; to interpose.</def>

<i>Sir G. Buck.</i>

<h1>Interjection</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*jec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interjectio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>interjection</ets>. See <er>Interject</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of interjecting or throwing between; also, that which is interjected.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>interjection</b> of laughing.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word or form of speech thrown in to express emotion or feeling, as <i>O</i>! <i>Alas</i>! <i>Ha ha</i>! <i>Begone</i>! etc. Compare <er>Exclamation</er>.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>interjection</b> implies a meaning which it would require a whole grammatical sentence to expound, and it may be regarded as the rudiment of such a sentence. But it is a confusion of thought to rank it among the parts of speech.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How now! <b>interjections</b>? Why, then, some be of laughing, as, ah, ha, he!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interjectional</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*jec"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Thrown in between other words or phrases; parenthetical; ejaculatory; <as>as, an <ex>interjectional</ex> remark</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an interjection; consisting of natural and spontaneous exclamations.</def>

<blockquote>Certain of the natural accompaniments of <b>interjectional</b> speech, such as gestures, grimaces, and gesticulations, are restrained by civilization.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interjectionalize</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*jec"tion*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To convert into, or to use as, an interjection.</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Interjectionally</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*jec"tion*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an interjectional manner.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Interjectionary</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*jec"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Interjectional.</def>

<h1>Interjoin</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*join"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interjoined</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interjoining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter + join</ets>.]</ety> <def>To join mutually; to unite.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Interjoist</h1>
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<hw>In"ter*joist`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The space or interval between two joists.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A middle joist or crossbeam.</def>

<i>De Colange.</i>

<h1>Interjunction</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*junc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interjunctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>interjungere</ets> to join together. See <er>Inter-</er>, and <er>Join</er>, and cf. <er>Interjoin</er>.]</ety> <def>A mutual joining.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Interknit</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*knit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To knit together; to unite closely; to intertwine.</def>

<h1>Interknow</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*know"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To know mutually.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Interknowledge</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*knowl"edge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mutual knowledge or acquaintance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Interlace</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*lace"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interlaced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interlacing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>entrelacen</ets>, F. <ets>entrelacer</ets>. See <er>Inter-</er>, and <er>Lace</er>.]</ety> <def>To unite, as by lacing together; to insert or interpose one thing within another; to intertwine; to interweave.</def>

<blockquote>Severed into stripes
That <b>interlaced</b> each other.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The epic way is every where <b>interlaced</b> with dialogue.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Interlacing arches</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>arches, usually circular, so constructed that their archivolts intersect and seem to be interlaced.</cd></cs>

<h1>Interlacement</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*lace"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>entrelacement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of interlacing, or the state of being interlaced; also, that which is interlaced.</def>

<h1>Interlamellar, Interlaminar</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw><hw>In`ter*lam"el*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`ter*lam"i*nar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between lammell\'91 or lamin\'91; <as>as, <ex>interlamellar</ex> spaces</as>.</def>

<h1>Interlaminated</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*lam"i*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Placed between, or containing, lamin\'91 or plates.</def>

<h1>Interlamination</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*lam`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being interlaminated.</def>

<h1>Interlapse</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In"ter*lapse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + <ets>lapse</ets>: cf. L. <ets>interlabi</ets>, <ets>interlapsus</ets>, to fall, slide, or flow, between.]</ety> <def>The lapse or interval of time between two events.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Interlard</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*lard"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interlarded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interlarding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>entrelarder</ets>. See <er>Inter-</er>, and <er>Lard</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To place lard or bacon amongst; to mix, as fat meat with lean.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whose grain doth rise in flakes, with fatness <b>interlarded</b>.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: To insert between; to mix or mingle; especially, to introduce that which is foreign or irrelevant; <as>as, to <ex>interlard</ex> a conservation with oaths or allusions</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The English laws . . . [were] mingled and <b>interlarded</b> with many particular laws of their own.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>interlard</b> their native drinks with choice
Of strongest brandy.
<i>J. Philips.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interlay</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*lay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interlaid</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interlaying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To lay or place among or between.</def>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Interleaf</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In"ter*leaf`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Interleaves</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Interleave</er>.]</ety> <def>A leaf inserted between other leaves; a blank leaf inserted, as in a book.</def>

<h1>Interleave</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*leave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interleaved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interleaving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + <ets>leaf</ets>.]</ety> <def>To insert a leaf or leaves in; to bind with blank leaves inserted between the others; <as>as, to <ex>interleave</ex> a book</as>.</def>

<h1>Interlibel</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*li"bel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To libel mutually.</def>

<h1>Interline</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*line"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interlined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interlining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + <ets>line</ets>: cf. LL. <ets>interlineare</ets>, F. <ets>interlin\'82er</ets>, OF. <ets>entreligner</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To write or insert between lines already written or printed, as for correction or addition; to write or print something between the lines of; <as>as, to <ex>interline</ex> a page or a book</as>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To arrange in alternate lines; <as>as, to <ex>interline</ex> Latin and English</as>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To mark or imprint with lines.</def>

<blockquote>A crooked wrinkle <b>interlines</b> my brow.
<i>Marlowe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interlineal, Interlinear</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw><hw>In`ter*lin"e*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`ter*lin"e*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>interlinearis</ets>, F. <ets>interlin\'82aire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Contained between lines; written or inserted between lines already written or printed; containing interlineations; <as>as, an <ex>interlinear</ex> manuscript, translation, etc.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`ter*lin"e*ar*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Interlineary</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*lin"e*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Interlinear.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A book containing interlineations.</def></def2> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Interlineation</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*lin`e*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>interlin\'82ation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of interlining.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is interlined; a passage, word, or line inserted between lines already written or printed.</def>

<h1>Interlining</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*lin"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Correction or alteration by writing between the lines; interlineation.</def>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Interlink</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*link"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To link together; to join, as one chain to another.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Interlink</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*link"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An intermediate or connecting link.</def>

<h1>Interlobar</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*lo"bar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between lobes; <as>as, the <ex>interlobar</ex> notch of the liver; the <ex>interlobar</ex> ducts of a gland.</as></def>

<h1>Interlobular</h1>
<Xpage=777>

<hw>In`ter*lob"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + <ets>lobular</ets>: cf. F. <ets>interlobulaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between lobules; <as>as, the <ex>interlobular</ex> branches of the portal vein</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="778">
Page 778<p>

<h1>Interlocation</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*lo*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A placing or coming between; interposition.</def>

<h1>Interlock</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*lock"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To unite, embrace, communicate with, or flow into, one another; to be connected in one system; to lock into one another; to interlace firmly.</def>

<h1>Interlock</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*lock"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To unite by locking or linking together; to secure in place by mutual fastening.</def>

<blockquote>My lady with her fingers <b>interlocked</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interlocution</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*lo*cu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interlocutio</ets>, from <ets>interloqui</ets>, <ets>interlocutus</ets>, to speak between; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>loqui</ets> to speak: cf. F. <ets>interlocution</ets>. See <er>Loquacious</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Interchange of speech; dialogue; conversation; conference.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An intermediate act or decree before final decision.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, intermediate argument or discussion.</def>

<h1>Interlocutor</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*loc"u*tor</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>interlocuteur</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who takes part in dialogue or conversation; a talker, interpreter, or questioner.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An interlocutory judgment or sentence.</def>

<h1>Interlocutory</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*loc"u*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>interlocutorius</ets>, F. <ets>interlocutoire</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of, or having the nature of, dialogue; conversational.</def>

<blockquote><b>Interlocutory</b> discourses in the Holy Scriptures.
<i>Fiddes.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Intermediate; not final or definitive; made or done during the progress of an action.</def>

<note>&hand; An order, sentence, decree, or judgment, given in an intermediate stage between the commencement and termination of a cause, is called <i>interlocutory</i>.</note>

<h1>Interlocutory</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*loc"u*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>interlocutoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Interpolated discussion or dialogue.</def>

<h1>Interlocutrice</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*loc"u*trice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A female interlocutor.</def>

<h1>Interlope</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*lope"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interloped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interloping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Interloper</er>.]</ety> <def>To run between parties and intercept without right the advantage that one should gain from the other; to traffic without a proper license; to intrude; to forestall others; to intermeddle.</def>

<h1>Interloper</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In"ter*lo`per</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + D. <ets>looper</ets> a runner, fr. <ets>loopen</ets> to run; akin to E. <ets>leap</ets>. See <er>Leap</er>, and cf. <er>Elope</er>.]</ety> <def>One who interlopes; one who interlopes; one who unlawfully intrudes upon a property, a station, or an office; one who interferes wrongfully or officiously.</def>

<blockquote>The untrained man, . . . the <b>interloper</b> as to the professions.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interlucate</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*lu"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interlucatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>interlucare</ets>; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>lux</ets>, <ets>lucis</ets>, light.]</ety> <def>To let in light upon, as by cutting away branches.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Interlucation</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*lu*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interlucatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of thinning a wood to let in light.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Interlucent</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*lu"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interlucens</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Inter-</er>, and <er>Lucent</er>.]</ety> <def>Shining between.</def>

<h1>Interlude</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*lude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>enterlude</ets>, LL. <ets>interludium</ets>; LL. <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>ludus</ets> play, fr. <ets>ludere</ets> to play: cf. F. <ets>interlude</ets>. See <er>Ludicrous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A short entertainment exhibited on the stage between the acts of a play, or between the play and the afterpiece, to relieve the tedium of waiting.</def>

<blockquote>Dreams are but <b>interludes</b>, which fancy makes
When monarch reason sleeps.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A form of English drama or play, usually short, merry, and farcical, which succeeded the Moralities or Moral Plays in the transition to the romantic or Elizabethan drama.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short piece of instrumental music played between the parts of a song or cantata, or the acts of a drama; especially, in church music, a short passage played by the organist between the stanzas of a hymn, or in German chorals after each line.</def>

<h1>Interluded</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In"ter*lu`ded</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inserted in the manner of an interlude; having or containing interludes.</def>

<h1>Interluder</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In"ter*lu`der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An actor who performs in an interlude.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Interluency</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In"ter*lu`en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interluens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>interluere</ets> to flow between; <ets>inter + luere</ets>.]</ety> <def>A flowing between; intervening water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Interlunar, Interlunary</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw><hw>In`ter*lu"nar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`ter*lu"na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + <ets>lunar</ets>: cf. L. <ets>interlunis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging or pertaining to the time when the moon, at or near its conjunction with the sun, is invisible.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Intermandibular</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*man*dib"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the mandibles; interramal; <as>as, the <ex>intermandibular</ex> space</as>.</def>

<h1>Intermarriage</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mar"riage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Connection by marriage; reciprocal marriage; giving and taking in marriage, as between two families, tribes, castes, or nations.</def>

<h1>Intermarry</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mar"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become connected by marriage between their members; to give and take mutually in marriage; -- said of families, ranks, castes, etc.</def>

<blockquote>About the middle of the fourth century from the building of Rome, it was declared lawful for nobles and plebeians to <b>intermarry</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intermaxilla</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*max*il"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Intermaxill\'91</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Premaxilla</er>.</def>

<h1>Intermaxillary</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*max"il*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> Between the maxillary bones. <sd>(b)</sd> Of or pertaining to the intermaxill\'91.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An intermaxilla.</def></def2>

<h1>Intermean</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In"ter*mean`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something done in the meantime; interlude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Intermeation</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*me*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intermeare</ets>, <ets>intermeatum</ets>; to go between; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>meare</ets> to go.]</ety> <def>A flowing between.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Intermeddle</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*med"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>entremedlen</ets>, <ets>entermellen</ets>, to mix together, OF. <ets>entremedler</ets>, <ets>entremeller</ets>, <ets>entremesler</ets>, F. <ets>entrem\'88ler</ets>. See <er>Inter-</er>, and <er>Meddle</er>.]</ety> <def>To meddle with the affairs of others; to meddle officiously; to interpose or interfere improperly; to mix or meddle with.</def>

<blockquote>The practice of Spain hath been, by war and by conditions of treaty, to <b>intermeddle</b> with foreign states.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To interpose; interfere. See <er>Interpose</er>.</syn>

<h1>Intermeddle</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*med"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To intermix; to mingle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Many other adventures are <b>intermeddled</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intermeddler</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*med"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who meddles with, or intrudes into, the affairs of others.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Intermeddlesome</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*med"dle*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclined or disposed to intermeddle.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`ter*med"dle*some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Intermeddling</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*med"dling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of improperly interfering.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Intermede</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In"ter*mede</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>interm\'8ade</ets>, fr. L. <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>medius</ets>, adj., middle; cf. It. <ets>intermedio</ets>. Cf. <er>Intermezzo</er>.]</ety> <def>A short musical dramatic piece, of a light and pleasing, sometimes a burlesque, character; an interlude introduced between the acts of a play or an opera.</def>

<h1>Intermediacy</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*me"di*a*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Intermediate</er>.]</ety> <def>Interposition; intervention.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Intermedi\'91</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*me"di*\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>intermedius</ets> intermedial.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The middle pair of tail feathers, or middle rectrices.</def>

<h1>Intermedial</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*me"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + <ets>medial</ets>: cf. L. <ets>intermedius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lying between; intervening; intermediate.</def> "<i>Intermedial</i> colors."

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Intermedian</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*me"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Intermediate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Intermediary</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*me"di*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>interm\'82diaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lying, coming, or done, between; intermediate; <as>as, an <ex>intermediary</ex> project</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Intermediary amputation</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>an amputation for injury, performed after inflammation has set in.</cd></cs>

<h1>Intermediary</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*me"di*a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Intermediaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who, or that which, is intermediate; an interagent; a go-between.</def>

<h1>Intermediate</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*me"di*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + <ets>mediate</ets>: cf. F. <ets>interm\'82diat</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lying or being in the middle place or degree, or between two extremes; coming or done between; intervening; interposed; interjacent; <as>as, an <ex>intermediate</ex> space or time; <ex>intermediate</ex> colors.</as></def>

<cs><col>Intermediate state</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>the state or condition of the soul between the death and the resurrection of the body.</cd> -- <col>Intermediate terms</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the terms of a progression or series between the first and the last (which are called the <i>extremes<i>); the means.</cd> -- <col>Intermediate tie</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Intertie</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Intermediate</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*me"di*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To come between; to intervene; to interpose.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Intermediately</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*me"di*ate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an intermediate manner; by way of intervention.</def>

<h1>Intermediation</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*me`di*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of coming between; intervention; interposition.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Intermediator</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*me"di*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mediator.</def>

<h1>Intermedious</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*me"di*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intermedius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Intermediate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Intermedium</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*me"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Intermediums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Intermedia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., neut. of L. <ets>intermedius</ets> intermediate.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Intermediate space.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An intervening agent or instrument.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bone or cartilage between the radiale and ulnare in the carpus, and between the tibiale and fibulare in the tarsus. It corresponds to the lunar in the carpus, and to a part of the astragalus in the tarsus of man and most mammals.</def>

<h1>Intermell</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mell"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Intermeddle</er>.]</ety> <def>To intermeddle; to intermix.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Fisher.</i>

<h1>Intermembral</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mem"bral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between members or limbs; <as>as, <ex>intermembral</ex> homology, the correspondence of the limbs with each other</as>.</def>

<h1>Intermembranous</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mem"bra*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Within or beneath a membrane; <as>as, <ex>intermembranous</ex> ossification</as>.</def>

<h1>Interment</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In*ter"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>enterment</ets>, F. <ets>enterrement</ets>. See <er>Inter</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>The act or ceremony of depositing a dead body in the earth; burial; sepulture; inhumation.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Intermention</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*men"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mention among other things, or casually or incidentally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Intermesenteric</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mes`en*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Within the mesentery; <as>as, the <ex>intermesenteric</ex>, or aortic, plexus</as>.</def>

<h1>Intermetacarpal</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*me`ta*car"pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the metacarpal bones.</def>

<h1>Intermetatarsal</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*me`ta*tar"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the metatarsal bones.</def>

<h1>Intermezzo</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mez"zo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Intermede</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An interlude; an intermede. See <er>Intermede</er>.</def>

<h1>Intermicate</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mi"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intermicare</ets>; <ets>inter-</ets> between + <ets>micare</ets> to glitter.]</ety> <def>To flash or shine between or among.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Intermication</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shining between or among.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Intermigration</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mi*gra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reciprocal migration; interchange of dwelling place by migration.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Interminable</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In*ter"mi*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interminabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>interminable</ets>. See <er>Terminate</er>.]</ety> <def>Without termination; admitting no limit; boundless; endless; wearisomely protracted; <as>as, <ex>interminable</ex> space or duration; <ex>interminable</ex> sufferings.</as></def>

<blockquote>That wild <b>interminable</b> waste of waves.
<i>Grainger.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Boundless; endless; limitless; illimitable; immeasurable; infinite; unbounded; unlimited.</syn>

<h1>Interminableness</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In*ter"mi*na*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being endless.</def>

<h1>Interminably</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In*ter"mi*na*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without end or limit.</def>

<h1>Interminate</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In*ter"mi*nate</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interminatus</ets>; <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>terminatus</ets>, p. p. of terminate.]</ety> <def>Endless; <as>as, <ex>interminate</ex> sleep</as>.</def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Interminate</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In*ter"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>interminari</ets>; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>minari</ets> to threaten.]</ety> <def>To menace; to threaten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Interminated</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In*ter"mi*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Interminable; interminate; endless; unending.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Akenside.</i>

<h1>Intermination</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In*ter`mi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interminatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A menace or threat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Intermine</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To intersect or penetrate with mines.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Intermingle</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*min"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mingle or mix together; to intermix.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Intermingle</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*min"gle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be mixed or incorporated.</def>

<blockquote>Party and faction will <b>intermingle</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intermise</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In"ter*mise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>entremise</ets>. See <er>Intermission</er>.]</ety> <def>Interference; interposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Intermission</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intermissio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intermission</ets>. See <er>Intermit</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or the state of intermitting; the state of being neglected or disused; disuse; discontinuance.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cessation for a time; an intervening period of time; an interval; a temporary pause; <as>as, to labor without <ex>intermission</ex>; an <ex>intermission</ex> of ten minutes.</as></def>

<blockquote>Rest or <b>intermission</b> none I find.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The temporary cessation or subsidence of a fever; the space of time between the paroxysms of a disease. <i>Intermission</i> is an entire cessation, as distinguished from <i>remission</i>, or abatement of fever.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Intervention; interposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Heylin.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Cessation; interruption; interval; pause; stop; rest; suspension. See <er>Cessation</er>.</syn>

<h1>Intermissive</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mis"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having temporary cessations; not continual; intermittent.</def> "<i>Intermissive</i> miseries." <i>Shak</i>. "<i>Intermissive</i> wars."

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Intermit</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intermitted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intermitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>intermittere</ets>; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>mittere</ets>, <ets>missum</ets>, to send: cf. OE. <ets>entremeten</ets> to busy (one's self) with, F. <ets>s'entremettre</ets>. See <er>Missile</er>.]</ety> <def>To cause to cease for a time, or at intervals; to interrupt; to suspend.</def>

<blockquote>Pray to the gods to <b>intermit</b> the plague.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intermit</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mit"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To cease for a time or at intervals; to moderate; to be intermittent, as a fever.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Intermittence</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mit"tence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>intermittence</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act or state of intermitting; intermission.</def>

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Intermittent</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mit"tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intermittens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>intermittere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intermittent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Coming and going at intervals; alternating; recurrent; periodic; <as>as, an <ex>intermittent</ex> fever</as>.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<cs><col>Intermittent fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a disease with fever which recurs at certain intervals; -- applied particularly to fever and ague. See <er>Fever</er>.</cd> -- <col>Intermittent gearing</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>gearing which receives, or produces, intermittent motion.</cd> -- <col>Intermittent springs</col>, <cd>springs which flow at intervals, not apparently dependent upon rain or drought. They probably owe their intermittent action to their being connected with natural reservoirs in hills or mountains by passages having the form of a siphon, the water beginning to flow when it has accumulated so as to fill the upper part of the siphon, and ceasing when, by running through it, it has fallen below the orifice of the upper part of the siphon in the reservoir.</cd></cs>

<h1>Intermittent</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mit"tent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An intermittent fever or disease.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Intermittently</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mit"tent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With intermissions; in an intermittent manner; intermittingly.</def>

<h1>Intermittingly</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mit"ting*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With intermissions; at intervals.</def>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Intermix</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mix"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mix together; to intermingle.</def>

<blockquote>In yonder spring of roses, <b>intermixed</b>
With myrtle, find what to redress till noon.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intermix</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mix"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be mixed together; to be intermingled.</def>

<h1>Intermixedly</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mix"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a mixed manner.</def>

<h1>Intermixture</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mix"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mass formed by mixture; a mass of ingredients mixed.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Admixture; an additional ingredient.</def>

<blockquote>In this height of impiety there wanted not an <b>intermixture</b> of levity and folly.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intermobility</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mo*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capacity of things to move among each other; <as>as, the <ex>intermobility</ex> of fluid particles</as>.</def>

<h1>Intermodillion</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mo*dil"lion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The space between two modillions.</def>

<h1>Intermontane</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mon"tane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + L. <ets>montanus</ets> belonging to a mountain, fr. <ets>mons</ets>, <ets>montis</ets>, mountain.]</ety> <def>Between mountains; <as>as, <ex>intermontane</ex> soil</as>.</def>

<h1>Intermundane</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mun"dane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being, between worlds or orbs.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Intermundane</i> spaces."

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Intermundian</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mun"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Intermundane.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Intermural</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mu"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lying between walls; inclosed by walls.</def>

<h1>Intermure</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intermured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intermuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + L. <ets>murus</ets> wall.]</ety> <def>To wall in; to inclose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Intermuscular</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mus"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between muscles; <as>as, <ex>intermuscular</ex> septa</as>.</def>

<h1>Intermutation</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mu*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Interchange; mutual or reciprocal change.</def>

<h1>Intermutual</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In`ter*mu"tu*al</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mutual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Daniel</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In`ter*mu"tu*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Intern</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In*tern"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>internus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>interne</ets>. See <er>Internal</er>.]</ety> <def>Internal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Intern</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In*tern"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>interne</ets>. See <er>Intern</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To put for safe keeping in the interior of a place or country; to confine to one locality; <as>as, to <ex>intern</ex> troops which have fled for refuge to a neutral country</as>.</def>

<h1>Internal</h1>
<Xpage=778>

<hw>In*tern"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>internus</ets>; akin to <ets>interior</ets>. See <er>Interior</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Inward; interior; being within any limit or surface; inclosed; -- opposed to <i>external</i>; <as>as, the <ex>internal</ex> parts of a body, or of the earth</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Derived from, or dependent on, the thing itself; inherent; <as>as, the <ex>internal</ex> evidence of the divine origin of the Scriptures</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pertaining to its own affairs or interests; especially, (said of a country) domestic, as opposed to <i>foreign</i>; <as>as, <ex>internal</ex> trade; <ex>internal</ex> troubles or war.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Pertaining to the inner being or the heart; spiritual.</def>

<blockquote>With our Savior, <b>internal</b> purity is everything.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Intrinsic; inherent; real.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>internal</b> rectitude of our actions in the sight of God.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="779">
Page 779<p>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Lying toward the mesial plane; mesial.</def>

<cs><col>Internal angle</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>an interior angle. See under <er>Interior</er>.</cd> -- <col>Internal gear</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a gear in which the teeth project inward from the rim instead of outward.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Inner; interior; inward; inland; inside.</syn>

<h1>Internality</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*nal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being internal or within; interiority.</def>

<h1>Internally</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In*ter"nal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inwardly; within the enveloping surface, or the boundary of a thing; within the body; beneath the surface.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Mentally; spiritually.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Internasal</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*na"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the nasal cavities; <as>as, the <ex>internasal</ex> cartilage</as>.</def>

<h1>International</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*na"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + <ets>national</ets>: cf. F. <ets>international</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Between or among nations; pertaining to the intercourse of nations; participated in by two or more nations; common to, or affecting, two or more nations.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or concerning the association called the International.</def>

<cs><col>International code</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a common system of signaling adopted by nearly all maritime nations, whereby communication may be had between vessels at sea.</cd> -- <col>International copyright</col>. <cd>See under <er>Copyright</er>.</cd> -- <col>International law</col>, <cd>the rules regulating the mutual intercourse of nations. International law is mainly the product of the conditions from time to time of international intercourse, being drawn from diplomatic discussion, textbooks, proof of usage, and from recitals in treaties. It is called <i>public<i> when treating of the relations of sovereign powers, and <i>private<i> when of the relations of persons of different nationalities. International law is now, by the better opinion, part of the common law of the land. Cf. <i>Conflict of laws<i>, under <er>Conflict</er>.</cd></cs>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>International</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*na"tion*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>internationale</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The International; an abbreviated from of the title of the International Workingmen's Association, the name of an association, formed in London in 1864, which has for object the promotion of the interests of the industrial classes of all nations.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of the International Association.</def>

<h1>Internationalism</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*na"tion*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or principles of international interests and intercourse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The doctrines or organization of the International.</def>

<h1>Internationalist</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*na"tion*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is versed in the principles of international law.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of the International; one who believes in, or advocates the doctrines of, the International.</def>

<h1>Internationalize</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*na"tion*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make international; to cause to affect the mutual relations of two or more nations; <as>as, to <ex>internationalize</ex> a principle of law, or a philanthropic enterprise</as>.</def>

<h1>Internationally</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*na"tion*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an international manner; from an international point of view.</def>

<h1>Interne</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In*terne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Intern</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>That which is within; the interior.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Interneciary, Internecinal</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw><hw>In`ter*ne"cia*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`ter*ne"ci*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Internecine.</def>

<h1>Internecine</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*ne"cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>internecinus</ets> deadly, murderous, fr. <ets>internecare</ets> to kill, to slaughter; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>necare</ets> to kill; akin to Gr. <?/ dead. See <er>Necromancy</er>.]</ety> <def>Involving, or accompanied by, mutual slaughter; mutually destructive.</def>

<blockquote><b>Internecine</b> quarrels, horrible tumults, stain the streets with blood.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Internecion</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*ne"cion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>internecio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mutual slaughter or destruction; massacre.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Internecive</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*ne"cive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>internecivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Internecine.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sydney Smith.</i>

<h1>Internection</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*nec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>internectere</ets> to bind together; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>nectere</ets> to fasten.]</ety> <def>Intimate connection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Interneural</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*neu"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the neural arches or neural spines.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An interneural spine or cartilage.</def></def2>

<h1>Internity</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In*ter"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being within; interiority.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>H. Brooke.</i>

<h1>Internment</h1>
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<hw>In*tern"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>internement</ets>. See <er>Intern</er>.]</ety> <def>Confinement within narrow limits, -- as of foreign troops, to the interior of a country.</def>

<h1>Internodal</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*no"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to internodes; intervening between nodes or joints.</def>

<h1>Internode</h1>
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<hw>In"ter*node`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>internodium</ets>; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>nodus</ets> knot.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The space between two nodes or points of the stem from which the leaves properly arise.</def>

<i>H. Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A part between two joints; a segment; specifically, one of the phalanges.</def>

<h1>Internodial</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*no"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Internodal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Internuncial</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*nun"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Internuncio</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an internuncio.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Communicating or transmitting impressions between different parts of the body; -- said of the nervous system.</def>

<i>Carpenter.</i>

<h1>Internunciess</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*nun"ciess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female messenger.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Internuncio</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*nun"ci*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Internuncios</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>internuntius</ets>; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>nuntius</ets>, <ets>nuncius</ets>, messenger: cf. It. <ets>internunzio</ets>. See <er>Nuncio</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A messenger between two parties.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A representative, or charg\'82 d'affaires, of the pope at a foreign court or seat of government, ranking next below a nuncio.</def>

<note>&hand; This title was formerly given also to the Austrian envoy at Constantinople.</note>

<h1>Internuncioship</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*nun"ci*o*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or function of an internuncio.</def>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<h1>Internuncius</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*nun"ci*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Internuncio.</def>

<h1>Interoceanic</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*o`ce*an"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Between oceans; connecting oceans; <as>as, <ex>interoceanic</ex> communication; an <ex>interoceanic</ex> canal.</as></def>

<h1>Interocular</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*oc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Between, or within, the eyes; <as>as, the <ex>interocular</ex> distance</as>; situated between the eyes, as the antenn\'91 of some insects.</def>

<h1>Interpercular</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*per"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the interoperculum.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The interopercular bone.</def></def2>

<h1>Interoperculum</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*o*per"cu*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-la</plw> <tt>(-l&adot;)</tt></plu>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The postero-inferior opercular bone, in fishes.</def>

<h1>Interorbital</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*or"bit*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the orbits; <as>as, the <ex>interorbital</ex> septum</as>.</def>

<h1>Interosculant</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*os"cu*lant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mutually touching or intersecting; <as>as, <ex>interosculant</ex> circles</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Uniting two groups; -- said of certain genera which connect family groups, or of species that connect genera. See <er>Osculant</er>.</def>

<h1>Interosculate</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*os"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To kiss together to touch. See <er>Osculate</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To have the character of, or to lie between, two distinct groups.</def>

<h1>Interosseal, Interosseous</h1>
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<hw><hw>In`ter*os"se*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`ter*os"se*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + <ets>osseous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>interosseux</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated between bones; <as>as, an <ex>interosseous</ex> ligament</as>.</def>

<h1>Interpale</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*pale"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place pales between or among; to separate by pales.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To interweave or interlace.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Brende.</i>

<h1>Interparietal</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*pa*ri"e*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the parietal bones or cartilages; <as>as, the <ex>interparietal</ex> suture</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The interparietal bone or cartilage</def></def2>

<h1>Interpause</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*pause`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An intermission.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Interpeal</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*peal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To interpel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Interpedencular</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*pe*den"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between peduncles; esp., between the peduncles, or crura, of the cerebrum.</def>

<h1>Interpel</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*pel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interpellare</ets>, <ets>interpellatum</ets>; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>pellare</ets> (in comp.), akin to <ets>pellere</ets> to drive: cf. F. <ets>interpeller</ets>. Cf. <er>Interpellate</er>.]</ety> <def>To interrupt, break in upon, or intercede with.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I am <b>interpelled</b> by many businesses.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interpellant</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*pel"lant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interpellans</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Interpel</er>.]</ety> <def>Interpelling; interrupting.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, interpels.</def></def2>

<h1>Interpellate</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*pel"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Interpel</er>.]</ety> <def>To question imperatively, as a minister, or other executive officer, in explanation of his conduct; -- generally on the part of a legislative body.</def>

<h1>Interpellation</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*pel*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interpellatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>interpellation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of interpelling or interrupting; interruption.</def> "Continual <i>interpellations</i>."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of interposing or interceding; intercession.</def>

<blockquote>Accepted by his <b>interpellation</b> and intercession.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An act of interpellating, or of demanding of an officer an explanation of his action; imperative or peremptory questioning; a point raised in a debate.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A official summons or citation.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Interpenetrate</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*pen"e*trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To penetrate between or within; to penetrate mutually.</def>

<blockquote>It <b>interpenetrates</b> my granite mass.
<i>Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interpenetrate</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*pen"e*trate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To penetrate each the other; to penetrate between bodies or their parts.</def>

<cs><col>Interpenetrating molding</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>in late Gothic architecture, a decoration by means of moldings which seem to pass through solid uprights, transoms, or other members; often, two sets of architectural members penetrating one another, in appearance, as if both had been plastic when they were put together.</cd></cs>

<h1>Interpenetration</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*pen`e*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of penetrating between or within other substances; mutual penetration.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Interpenetrative</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*pen"e*tra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Penetrating among or between other substances; penetrating each the other; mutually penetrative.</def>

<h1>Interpetalary</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*pet"al*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + <ets>petal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Between the petals of a flower.</def>

<h1>Interpetiolar</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*pet"i*o*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Being between petioles. Cf. <er>Intrapetiolar</er>.</def>

<h1>Interphalangeal</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*pha*lan"ge*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between phalanges; <as>as, <ex>interphalangeal</ex> articulations</as>.</def>

<h1>Interpilaster</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*pi*las"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The interval or space between two pilasters.</def>

<i>Elmes.</i>

<h1>Interplace</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*place"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To place between or among; <as>as, to <ex>interplace</ex> a name</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Interplanetary</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*plan"et*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Between planets; <as>as, <ex>interplanetary</ex> spaces</as>.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Interplay</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*play`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mutual action or influence; interaction; <as>as, the <ex>interplay</ex> of affection</as>.</def>

<h1>Interplead</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*plead"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To plead against each other, or go to trial between themselves, as the claimants in an in an interpleader. See <er>Interpleader</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>enterplead</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Interpleader</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*plead"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who interpleads.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A proceeding devised to enable a person, of whom the same debt, duty, or thing is claimed adversely by two or more parties, to compel them to litigate the right or title between themselves, and thereby to relieve himself from the suits which they might otherwise bring against him.</def>

<h1>Interpledge</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*pledge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pledge mutually.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Interpoint</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*point"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To point; to mark with stops or pauses; to punctuate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Her sighs should <b>interpoint</b> her words.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interpolable</h1>
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<hw>In*ter"po*la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be interpolated; suitable to be interpolated.</def>

<blockquote>A most <b>interpolable</b> clause of one sentence.
<i>De Morgan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interpolate</h1>
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<hw>In*ter"po*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interpolated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interpolating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>interpolatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>interpolare</ets> to form anew, to interpolate, fr. <ets>interpolus</ets>, <ets>interpolis</ets>, falsified, vamped up, polished up; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>polire</ets> to polish. See <er>Polish</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To renew; to carry on with intermission.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Motion . . . partly continued and unintermitted, . . . partly <b>interpolated</b> and interrupted.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To alter or corrupt by the insertion of new or foreign matter; especially, to change, as a book or text, by the insertion of matter that is new, or foreign to the purpose of the author.</def>

<blockquote>How strangely Ignatius is mangled and <b>interpolated</b>, you may see by the vast difference of all copies and editions.
<i>Bp. Barlow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Athenians were put in possession of Salamis by another law, which was cited by Solon, or, as some think, <b>interpolated</b> by him for that purpose.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To fill up intermediate terms of, as of a series, according to the law of the series; to introduce, as a number or quantity, in a partial series, according to the law of that part of the series.</def>

<h1>Interpolated</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In*ter"po*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inserted in, or added to, the original; introduced; foisted in; changed by the insertion of new or spurious matter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Provided with necessary interpolations; <as>as, an <ex>interpolated</ex> table</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Introduced or determined by interpolation; <as>as, <ex>interpolated</ex> quantities or numbers</as>.</def>

<h1>Interpolation</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In*ter`po*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interpolatio</ets> an alteration made here and there: cf. F. <ets>interpolation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of introducing or inserting anything, especially that which is spurious or foreign.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is introduced or inserted, especially something foreign or spurious.</def>

<blockquote>Bentley wrote a letter . . . . upon the scriptural glosses in our present copies of Hesychius, which he considered <b>interpolations</b> from a later hand.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The method or operation of finding from a few given terms of a series, as of numbers or observations, other intermediate terms in conformity with the law of the series.</def>

<h1>Interpolator</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In*ter"po*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a corrupter: of. F. <ets>interpolateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who interpolates; esp., one who inserts foreign or spurious matter in genuine writings.</def>

<h1>Interpone</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*pone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interponere</ets>; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>ponere</ets> to place. See <er>Position</er>.]</ety> <def>To interpose; to insert or place between.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Interponent</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*po"nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, interposes; an interloper, an opponent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Heywood.</i>

<h1>Interposal</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*pos"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Interpose</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of interposing; interposition; intervention.</def>

<h1>Interpose</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interposed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interposing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>interposer</ets>. See <er>Inter-</er>, and <er>Pose</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To place between; <as>as, to <ex>interpose</ex> a screen between the eye and the light</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Mountains <b>interposed</b>
Make enemies of nations.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To thrust; to intrude; to between, either for aid or for troubling.</def>

<blockquote>What watchful cares do <b>interpose</b> themselves
Betwixt your eyes and night?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The common Father of mankind seasonably <b>interposed</b> his hand, and rescues miserable man.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To introduce or inject between the parts of a conversation or argument.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Interpose</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*pose"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be or come between.</def>

<blockquote>Long hid by <b>interposing</b> hill or wood.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To step in between parties at variance; to mediate; <as>as, the prince <ex>interposed</ex> and made peace</as>.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To utter a sentiment by way of interruption.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To intervene; intercede; mediate; interfere; intermeddle.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Interpose</er>, <er>Intermeddle</er>, <er>Interfere</er>. A man may often <i>interpose</i> with propriety in the concerns of others; he can never <i>intermeddle</i> without being impertinent or officious; nor can be <i>interfere</i> without being liable to the same charge, unless he has rights which are interfered with. "In our practical use, <i>interference</i> is something offensive. It is the pushing in of himself between two parties on the part of a third who was not asked, and is not thanked for his pains, and who, as the feeling of the word implies, had no business there; while <i>interposition</i> is employed to express the friendly, peacemaking mediation of one whom the act well became, and who, even if he was not specially invited thereunto, is still thanked for what he has done." <i>Trench.</i></usage>

<h1>Interpose</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In"ter*pose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Interposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Interposer</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*pos"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, interposes or intervenes; an obstacle or interruption; a mediator or agent between parties.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Interposit</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*pos"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>interpositus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>interponere</ets>. See <er>Interposition</er>.]</ety> <def>An intermediate depot or station between one commercial city or country and another.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Interposition</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interpositio</ets> a putting between, insertion, fr. <ets>interponere</ets>, <ets>interpositum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>interposition</ets>. See <er>Interpone</er>, <er>Position</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of interposing, or the state of being interposed; a being, placing, or coming between; mediation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thing interposed.</def>

<h1>Interposure</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In`ter*po"sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Interposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Interpret</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In*ter"pret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interpreted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interpreting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>interpr\'88ter</ets>, L. <ets>interpretari</ets>, p. p. <ets>interpretatus</ets>, fr. <ets>interpre<?/</ets> interpeter, agent, negotiator; <ets>inter</ets> between + (prob.) the root of <ets>pretium</ets> price. See <er>Price</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To explain or tell the meaning of; to expound; to translate orally into intelligible or familiar language or terms; to decipher; to define; -- applied esp. to language, but also to dreams, signs, conduct, mysteries, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>interpret</ex> the Hebrew language to an Englishman; to <ex>interpret</ex> an Indian speech.</as></def>

<blockquote>Emmanuel, which being <b>interpreted</b> is, God with us.
<i>Matt. i. 23.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And Pharaoh told them his dreams; but there was none that could <b>interpret</b> them unto Pharaoh.
<i>Gen. xli. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To apprehend and represent by means of art; to show by illustrative representation; <as>as, an actor <ex>interprets</ex> the character of Hamlet; a musician <ex>interprets</ex> a sonata; an artist <ex>interprets</ex> a landscape.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To translate; explain; solve; render; expound; elucidate; decipher; unfold; unravel.</syn>

<h1>Interpret</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In*ter"pret</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act as an interpreter.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Interpretable</h1>
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<hw>In*ter"pret*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interpretabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>interpr\'88table</ets>.]</ety> <def>Admitting of interpretation; capable of being interpreted or explained.</def>

<h1>Interpretament</h1>
<Xpage=779>

<hw>In*ter"pre*ta*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interpretamentum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Interpretation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<hr>
<page="780">
Page 780<p>

<hr>
<page="780">
Page 780<p>

<h1>Interpretation</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In*ter`pre*ta"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interpretatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>interpr\'82tation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of interpreting; explanation of what is obscure; translation; version; construction; <as>as, the <ex>interpretation</ex> of a foreign language, of a dream, or of an enigma</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Look how we can, or sad or merrily,
<b>Interpretation</b> will misquote our looks.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sense given by an interpreter; exposition or explanation given; meaning; <as>as, commentators give various <ex>interpretations</ex> of the same passage of Scripture</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The power or explaining.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>An artist's way of expressing his thought or embodying his conception of nature.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The act or process of applying general principles or formul\'91 to the explanation of the results obtained in special cases.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Explanation; solution; translation; version; sense; exposition; rendering; definition.</syn>

<h1>Interpretative</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In*ter"pre*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>interpr\'82tatif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Designed or fitted to interpret; explanatory.</def> "<i>Interpretative</i> lexicography."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>According to interpretation; constructive.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>interpretative</b> siding with heresies.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interpretatively</h1>
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<hw>In*ter"pre*ta*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By interpretation.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Interpreter</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In*ter"pret*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>entrepreteur</ets>, L. <ets>interpretator</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who or that which interprets, explains, or expounds; a translator; especially, a person who translates orally between two parties.</def>

<blockquote>We think most men's actions to be the <b>interpreters</b> of their thoughts.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interpretive</h1>
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<hw>In*ter"pre*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Interpretative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Interpubic</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*pu"bic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the pubic bones or cartilages; <as>as, the <ex>interpubic</ex> disk</as>.</def>

<h1>Interpunction</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*punc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interpunctio</ets>, fr. <ets>interpungere</ets>, <ets>interppunctum</ets>, to interpoint. See <er>Inter-</er>, and <er>Point</er>.]</ety> <def>The insertion of points between word or sentences; punctuation.</def>

<h1>Interradial</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ra"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Between the radii, or rays; -- in zo\'94logy, said of certain parts of radiate animals; <as>as, the <ex>interradial</ex> plates of a starfish</as>.</def>

<h1>Interramal</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ra"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + L. <ets>ramus</ets> a branch.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between rami or branches; esp., between the mandibles, or rami of the lower jaw; intermandibular.</def>

<h1>Interreceive</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*re*ceive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To receive between or within.</def>

<h1>Interregency</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*re"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An interregnum.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Interregent</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*re"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who discharges the royal functions during an interregnum.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Interregnum</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*reg"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Interregnums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>regnum</ets> dominion, reign. See <er>Reign</er>, and cf. <er>Interreign</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The time during which a throne is vacant between the death or abdication of a sovereign and the accession of his successor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any period during which, for any cause, the executive branch of a government is suspended or interrupted.</def>

<h1>Interreign</h1>
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<hw>In"ter*reign`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>interr\'8agne</ets>.]</ety> <def>An interregnum.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Interrelated</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*re*lat"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a mutual or reciprocal relation or parallelism; correlative.</def>

<h1>Interrelation</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*re*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mutual or reciprocal relation; correlation.</def>

<h1>Interrenal</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*re"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the kidneys; <as>as, the <ex>interrenal</ex> body, an organ found in many fishes</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The interrenal body.</def></def2>

<h1>Interrepellent</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*re*pel"lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mutually repellent.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Interrer</h1>
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<hw>In*ter"rer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who inters.</def>

<h1>Interrex</h1>
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<hw>In"ter*rex`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Interrexes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Interreges</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>rex</ets> king.]</ety> <def>An interregent, or a regent.</def>

<h1>Interrogate</h1>
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<hw>In*ter"ro*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interrogating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>interrogatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>interrogare</ets> to ask; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>rogare</ets> to ask. See Rogation.]</ety> <def>To question formally; to question; to examine by asking questions; <as>as, to <ex>interrogate</ex> a witness</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Wilt thou, uncalled, <b>interrogate</b>,
Talker! the unreplying Fate?
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To question; ask. See <er>Question</er>.</syn>

<h1>Interrogate</h1>
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<hw>In*ter"ro*gate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To ask questions.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Interrogate</h1>
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<hw>In*ter"ro*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An interrogation; a question.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Interrogatee</h1>
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<hw>In*ter`ro*ga*tee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is interrogated.</def>

<h1>Interrogation</h1>
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<hw>In*ter`ro*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interrogatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>interrogation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of interrogating or questioning; examination by questions; inquiry.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A question put; an inquiry.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A point, mark, or sign, thus [?], indicating that the sentence with which it is connected is a question. It is used to express doubt, or to mark a query. Called also <altname>interrogation point</altname>.</def><-- usu. question mark. -->

<note>&hand; In works printed in the Spanish language this mark is not only placed at the end of an interrogative sentence, but is also placed, inverted [as thus (&iques;)], at the beginning.</note>

<h1>Interrogative</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*rog"a*tive</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interrogativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>interrogatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Denoting a question; expressed in the form of a question; <as>as, an <ex>interrogative</ex> sentence; an <ex>interrogative</ex> pronoun.</as></def>

<h1>Interrogative</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*rog"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word used in asking questions; as, <i>who</i>? <i>which</i>? <i>why</i>?</def>

<h1>Interrogatively</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*rog"a*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the form of, or by means of, a question; in an interrogative manner.</def>

<h1>Interrogator</h1>
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<hw>In*ter"ro*ga`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>interrogateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who asks questions; a questioner.</def>

<h1>Interrogatory</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*rog"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Interrogatories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>interrogatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>A formal question or inquiry; esp. <fld>(Law)</fld>, a question asked in writing.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Interrogatory</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*rog"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interrogatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing, expressing, or implying a question; <as>as, an <ex>interrogatory</ex> sentence</as>.</def>

<h1>Interrupt</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*rupt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interrupted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interrupting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>interruptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>interrumpere</ets> to interrupt; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>rumpere</ets> to break. See <er>Rupture</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To break into, or between; to stop, or hinder by breaking in upon the course or progress of; to interfere with the current or motion of; to cause a temporary cessation of; <as>as, to <ex>interrupt</ex> the remarks speaking</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Do not <b>interrupt</b> me in my course.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To divide; to separate; to break the monotony of; <as>as, the evenness of the road was not <ex>interrupted</ex> by a single hill</as>.</def>

<h1>Interrupt</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*rupt"</hw>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interruptus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Broken; interrupted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Interrupted</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*rupt"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Broken; intermitted; suddenly stopped.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Irregular; -- said of any arrangement whose symmetry is destroyed by local causes, as when leaflets are interposed among the leaves in a pinnate leaf.</def>

<h1>Interruptedly</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*rupt"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With breaks or interruptions; discontinuously.</def>

<cs><col>Interruptedly pinnate</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>pinnate with small leaflets intermixed with large ones.</cd></cs>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Interrupter</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*rupt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, interrupts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A device for opening and closing an electrical circuit; a vibrating spring or tuning fork, arranged to make and break a circuit at rapidly recurring intervals, by the action of the current itself.</def>

<h1>Interruption</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*rup"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interruptio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>interruption</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of interrupting, or breaking in upon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being interrupted; a breach or break, caused by the abrupt intervention of something foreign; intervention; interposition.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<blockquote>Lest the <b>interruption</b> of time cause you to lose the idea of one part.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Obstruction caused by breaking in upon course, current, progress, or motion; stop; hindrance; <as>as, the author has met with many <ex>interruptions</ex> in the execution of his work; the speaker or the argument proceeds without <ex>interruption</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Temporary cessation; intermission; suspension.</def>

<h1>Interruptive</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*rupt"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to interrupt; interrupting.</def> "<i>Interruptive</i> forces." <i>H. Bushnell</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In`ter*rupt"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Interscapular</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*scap"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the scapul\'91 or shoulder blades.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the upper back, or the part between the shoulders; <as>as, the <ex>interscapular</ex> feathers</as>.</def>

<h1>Interscapulars</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*scap"u*lars</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The interscapular feathers of a bird.</def>

<h1>Interscendent</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*scend"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Inter-</er>, and <er>Ascend</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Having exponents which are radical quantities; -- said of certain powers; <as>as, <mathex>x<exp>&root;2</exp></mathex>, or <mathex>x<exp>&root;a</exp></mathex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Interscedent series</col>, <cd>a series whose terms are interscendent quantities.</cd></cs>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<h1>Interscind</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*scind"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interscinded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interscinding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>interscindere</ets>; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>scindere</ets> to cut.]</ety> <def>To cut off.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Interscribe</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*scribe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interscribed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interscribing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>interscribere</ets>; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>scribere</ets> to write.]</ety> <def>To write between.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Intersecant</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*se"cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intersecans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>intersecare</ets>. See <er>Intersect</er>.]</ety> <def>Dividing into parts; crossing; intersecting.</def>

<h1>Intersect</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*sect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intersected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intersecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>intersectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>intersecare</ets> to intersect; <ets>inter + secare</ets> to cut. See <er>Section</er>.]</ety> <def>To cut into or between; to cut or cross mutually; to divide into parts; <as>as, any two diameters of a circle <ex>intersect</ex> each other at the center</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Lands <b>intersected</b> by a narrow frith
Abhor each other.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intersect</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*sect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To cut into one another; to meet and cross each other; <as>as, the point where two lines <ex>intersect</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Intersection</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*sec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intersectio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intersection</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act, state, or place of intersecting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The point or line in which one line or surface cuts another.</def>

<h1>Intersectional</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*sec"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or formed by, intersections.</def>

<h1>Interseminate</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*sem"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interseminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>interseminare</ets>. See <er>Inter-</er>, and <er>Seminate</er>.]</ety> <def>To sow between or among.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Interseptal</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*sep"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Between septa; <as>as, the <ex>interseptal</ex> spaces or zones, between the transparent, or septal, zones in striated muscle; the <ex>interseptal</ex> chambers of a shell, or of a seed vessel.</as></def>

<h1>Intersert</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*sert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interserted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interserting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>intersertus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>interserere</ets> to intersert; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>serere</ets> to join, weave.]</ety> <def>To put in between other things; to insert.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Brerewood.</i>

<h1>Interserttion</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*sert"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of interserting, or that which is interserted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Intersesamoid</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*ses"a*moid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between sesamoid bones; <as>as, <ex>intersesamoid</ex> ligaments</as>.</def>

<h1>Interset</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*set"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To set between or among.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Intershock</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*shock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shock mutually.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Intersidereal</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*si*de"re*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Between or among constellations or stars; interstellar.</def>

<h1>Intersocial</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*so"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the mutual intercourse or relations of persons in society; social.</def>

<h1>Intersomnious</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*som"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + L. <ets>somnus</ets> sleep.]</ety> <def>Between the times of sleeping; in an interval of wakefulness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Interspace</h1>
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<hw>In"ter*space`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interspatium</ets>. See <er>Inter-</er>, and <er>Space</er>.]</ety> <def>Intervening space.</def>

<i>Bp. Hacket.</i>

<h1>Interspeech</h1>
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<hw>In"ter*speech`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A speech interposed between others.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Intersperse</h1>
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<hw>In`ter*sperse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Interspersed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interspersing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>interspersus</ets> interspersed; <ets>inter</ets> between, among + <ets>spargere</ets> to scatter. See <er>Sparse</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To scatter or set here and there among other things; to insert at intervals; <as>as, to <ex>intersperse</ex> pictures in a book</as>.</def>

<blockquote>There, <b>interspersed</b> in lawns and op'ning glades,
Thin trees arise that shun each other's shades.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To diversify or adorn with things set or scattered at intervals; to place something at intervals in or among; <as>as, to <ex>intersperse</ex> a book with pictures</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Which space is <b>interspersed</b> with small islands and rock.
<i>Cook.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interspersion</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*sper"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of interspersing, or the state of being interspersed.</def>

<h1>Interspinal, Interspinous</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw><hw>In`ter*spi"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`ter*spi"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between spines; esp., between the spinous processes of the vertebral column.</def>

<h1>Interspiration</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*spi*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interspiratio</ets>. See <er>Inter-</er>, and <er>Spirit</er>.]</ety> <def>Spiritual inspiration at separate times, or at intervals.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Interstapedial</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*sta*pe"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a part of the columella of the ear, between the stapes and the mediostapedial.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The interstapedial part of the columella.</def></def2>

<h1>Interstate</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In"ter*state`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the mutual relations of States; existing between, or including, different States; <as>as, <ex>interstate</ex> commerce</as>.</def>

<i>Story.</i>

<-- interstate commerce n. commerce that involves transportation of articles of commerce across state lines [U.S.].
 interstate commerce commission.  The governmental commision charged with making and enforcing regulations concerning interstate commerce. -->

<h1>Interstellar</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*stel"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Between or among the stars; <as>as, <ex>interstellar</ex> space</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Interstellary</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*stel"la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Interstellar.</def>

<h1>Intersternal</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*ster"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Between the sternal; -- said of certain membranes or parts of insects and crustaceans.</def>

<h1>Interstice</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In*ter"stice</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Interstices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>interstitium</ets> a pause, interval; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>sistere</ets> to set, fr. <ets>stare</ets> to stand: cf. F. <ets>interstice</ets>. See <er>Stand</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which intervenes between one thing and another; especially, a space between things closely set, or between the parts which compose a body; a narrow chink; a crack; a crevice; a hole; an interval; <as>as, the <ex>interstices</ex> of a wall</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An interval of time; specifically <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, in the plural, the intervals which the canon law requires between the reception of the various degrees of orders.</def>

<blockquote>Nonobservance of the <b>interstices</b> . . . is a sin.
<i>Addis & Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intersticed</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In*ter"sticed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Provided with interstices; having interstices between; situated at intervals.</def>

<h1>Interstinctive</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*stinc"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interstinctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>interstinguere</ets> to separate; <ets>inter + stinguere</ets> to extinguish.]</ety> <def>Distinguishing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wallis.</i>

<h1>Interstitial</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*sti"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to interstices; intermediate; within the tissues; <as>as, <ex>interstitial</ex> cavities or spaces in the tissues of animals or plants</as>.</def>

<h1>Interstition</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*sti"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An intervening period of time; interval.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Interstratification</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*strat`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Stratification among or between other layers or strata; also, that which is interstratified.</def>

<h1>Interstratified</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*strat"i*fied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Stratified among or between other bodies; <as>as, <ex>interstratified</ex> rocks</as>.</def>

<h1>Interstratify</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*strat"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>To put or insert between other strata.</def>

<h1>Intertalk</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*talk"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To converse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Intertangle</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*tan"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To entangle; to intertwine.</def> "Moss and <i>intertangled</i> vines."

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Intertarsal</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*tar"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the tarsal bones; <as>as, the <ex>intertarsal</ex> articulations</as>.</def>

<h1>Intertex</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*tex"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intertexere</ets>; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>texere</ets> to weave.]</ety> <def>To intertwine; to weave or bind together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Intertexture</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*tex"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of interweaving, or the state of being interwoven; that which is interwoven.</def> "Knit in nice <i>intertexture</i>."

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<blockquote>Skirted thick with <b>intertexture</b> firm
Of thorny boughs.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interthoracic</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*tho*rac"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>In the thorax.</def>

<h1>Intertie</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In"ter*tie`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>In any framed work, a horizontal tie other than sill and plate or other principal ties, securing uprights to one another.</def>

<h1>Intertissued</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*tis"sued</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Interwoven.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Intertraffic</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*traf"fic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mutual trade of traffic.</def>

<h1>Intertranspicuous</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*tran*spic"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Transpicuous within or between.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shelley.</i>

<h1>Intertransverse</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*trans*verse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Between the transverse processes of the vertebr\'91.</def>

<h1>Intertrigo</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*tri"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>terere</ets>, <ets>tritum</ets>, to rub.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A rubbing or chafing of the skin; especially, an abrasion or excoriation of the skin between folds, as in fat or neglected children.</def>

<h1>Intertrochanteric</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*tro`chan*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the trochanters of the femur.</def>

<h1>Intertropical</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*trop"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Situated between or within the tropics.</def>

<i>J. Morse.</i>

<h1>Intertubular</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*tu"bu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Between tubes or tubules; <as>as, <ex>intertubular</ex> cells; <ex>intertubular</ex> substance.</as></def>

<h1>Intertwine</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*twine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To unite by twining one with another; to entangle; to interlace.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Intertwine</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*twine"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be twined or twisted together; to become mutually involved or enfolded.</def>

<h1>Intertwine</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*twine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act intertwining, or the state of being intertwined.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Intertwiningly</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*twin"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By intertwining or being intertwined.</def>

<h1>Intertwist</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*twist"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To twist together one with another; to intertwine.</def>

<h1>Intertwistingly</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw>In`ter*twist"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By intertwisting, or being intertwisted.</def>

<h1>Interungular, Interungulate</h1>
<Xpage=780>

<hw><hw>In`ter*un"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`ter*un"gu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between ungul\'91; <as>as, <ex>interungular</ex> glands</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="781">
Page 781<p>

<h1>Interval</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In"ter*val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intervallum</ets>; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>vallum</ets> a wall: cf. F. <ets>intervalle</ets>. See <er>Wall</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A space between things; a void space intervening between any two objects; <as>as, an <ex>interval</ex> between two houses or hills</as>.</def>

<blockquote>'Twixt host and host but narrow space was left,
A dreadful <b>interval</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Space of time between any two points or events; <as>as, the <ex>interval</ex> between the death of Charles I</as>. of England, and the accession of Charles II.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A brief space of time between the recurrence of similar conditions or states; <as>as, the <ex>interval</ex> between paroxysms of pain; <ex>intervals</ex> of sanity or delirium.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Difference in pitch between any two tones.</def>

<cs><col>At intervals</col>, <cd>coming or happening with intervals between; now and then. "And Miriam watch'd and dozed <i>at intervals<i>." <i>Tennyson</i>.</cd> -- <col>Augmented interval</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>an interval increased by half a step or half a tone.</cd></cs>

<h1>Interval, Intervale</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw><hw>In"ter*val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In"ter*vale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tract of low ground between hills, or along the banks of a stream, usually alluvial land, enriched by the overflowings of the river, or by fertilizing deposits of earth from the adjacent hills. Cf. <er>Bottom</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 7.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<blockquote>The woody <b>intervale</b> just beyond the marshy land.
<i>The Century.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intervallum</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*val"lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Intervallums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Intervalla</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>An interval.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>And a' shall laugh without <b>intervallums</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In one of these <b>intervalla</b>.
<i>Chillingworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intervary</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*va"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To alter or vary between; to change.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rush.</i>

<h1>Interveined</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*veined"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Intersected, as with veins.</def>

<h1>Intervene</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*vene"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intervened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intervening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>intervenire</ets>, <ets>interventum</ets>, to intervene, to hinder; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>venire</ets> to come; akin to E. <ets>come</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intervenir</ets>. See <er>Come</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To come between, or to be between, persons or things; -- followed by <i>between</i>; <as>as, the Mediterranean <ex>intervenes</ex> between Europe and Africa</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To occur, fall, or come between, points of time, or events; <as>as, an instant <ex>intervened</ex> between the flash and the report; nothing <ex>intervened</ex> ( <it>i. e.</it>, between the intention and the execution) to prevent the undertaking.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To interpose; <as>as, to <ex>intervene</ex> to settle a quarrel</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In a suit to which one has not been made a party, to put forward a defense of one's interest in the   subject matter.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Intervene</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*vene"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To come between.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Self-sown woodlands of birch, alder, etc., <b>intervening</b> the different estates.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intervene</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*vene"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coming between; intervention; meeting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Intervener</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*ven"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who intervenes; especially <fld>(Law)</fld>, a person who assumes a part in a suit between others.</def>

<h1>Intervenience, Interveniency</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw><hw>In`ter*ven"ience</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`ter*ven"ien*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Intervention; interposition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Intervenient</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*ven"ient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interveniens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>intervenire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Being or coming between; intercedent; interposed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Intervent</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*vent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Intervene</er>.]</ety> <def>To thwart; to obstruct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Intervention</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*ven"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>interventio</ets> an interposition: cf. F. <ets>intervention</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of intervening; interposition.</def>

<blockquote>Sound is shut out by the <b>intervention</b> of that lax membrane.
<i>Holder.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any interference that may affect the interests of others; especially, of one or more states with the affairs of another; mediation.</def>

<blockquote>Let us decide our quarrels at home, without the <b>intervention</b>, of any foreign power.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>The act by which a third person, to protect his own interest, interposes and becomes a party to a suit pending between other parties.</def>

<h1>Interventor</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*ven"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>interventeur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who intervenes; a mediator; especially <fld>(Eccles. Hist.)</fld>, a person designated by a church to reconcile parties, and unite them in the choice of officers.</def>

<i>Coleman.</i>

<h1>Interventricular</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*ven*tric"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the ventricles; <as>as, the <ex>interventricular</ex> partition of the heart</as>.</def>

<h1>Intervenue</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*ven"ue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Intervene</er>, <er>Avenue</er>.]</ety> <def>Interposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Blount.</i>

<h1>Intervert</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*vert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intervertere</ets>; <ets>inter</ets> between + <ets>vertere</ets> to turn.]</ety> <def>To turn to another course or use.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Intervertebral</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*ver"te*bral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between vertebr\'91.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`ter*ver"te*bral*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Interview</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In"ter*view</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>entrevue</ets>, fr. <ets>entrevoir</ets> to see imperfectly, to have a glimpse of, <ets>s'entrevoir</ets> to visit each other. See <er>Inter-</er>, and <er>View</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A mutual sight or view; a meeting face to face; usually, a formal or official meeting for consultation; a conference; <as>as, the secretary had an <ex>interview</ex> with the President</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A conservation, or questioning, for the purpose of eliciting information for publication; the published statement so elicited.</def>

<note>&hand; A recent use, originating in American newspapers, but apparently becoming general.</note>

<h1>Interview</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In"ter*view</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To have an interview with; to question or converse with, especially for the purpose of obtaining information for publication.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<h1>Interviewer</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In"ter*view`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who interviews; especially, one who obtains an interview with another for the purpose of eliciting his opinions or obtaining information for publication.</def>

<blockquote>It would have made him the prince of <b>interviewers</b> in these days.
<i>Leslie Stephen.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interviewing</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In"ter*view`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or custom of holding an interview or interviews.</def>

<blockquote>An article on <b>interviewing</b> in the "Nation" of January 28, 1869, . . . was the first formal notice of the practice under that name.
<i>The American.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intervisible</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*vis"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Surv.)</fld> <def>Mutually visible, or in sight, the one from the other, as stations.</def>

<h1>Intervisit</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*vis"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To exchange visits.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Intervital</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*vi"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Between two lives.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Through all its [the spirit's] <b>intervital</b> gloom.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intervolution</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*vo*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being intervolved or coiled up; a convolution; <as>as, the <ex>intervolutions</ex> of a snake</as>.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Intervolve</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*volve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intervolved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intervolving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>inter-</ets> + L. <ets>volvere</ets>, <ets>volutum</ets>, to roll.]</ety> <def>To involve one within another; to twist or coil together.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Interweave</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*weave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & obs. p. p.</tt> <er>Interwove</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Interwoven</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Interweaving</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To weave together; to intermix or unite in texture or construction; to intertwine; <as>as, threads of silk and cotton <ex>interwoven</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Under the hospitable covert nigh
Of trees thick <b>interwoven</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To intermingle; to unite intimately; to connect closely; <as>as, to <ex>interweave</ex> truth with falsehood</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Words <b>interwove</b> with sighs found out their way.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Interwish</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*wish"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To wish mutually in regarded to each other.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Interworking</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*work"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of working in together; interweaving.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Interworld</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*world"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A world between other worlds.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Interwove, Interwoven</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw><hw>In`ter*wove"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`ter*wov"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Interweave</er>.</def>

<h1>Interwreathe</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ter*wreathe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To weave into a wreath; to intertwine.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Lovelace.</i>

<h1>Intestable</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*tes"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intestabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intestable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Testable</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Not capable of making a will; not legally qualified or competent to make a testament.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Intestacy</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*tes"ta*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Intestate</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being intestate, or of dying without having made a valid will.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Intestate</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*tes"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intestatus</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>testatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>testari</ets> to make a will: cf. F. <ets>intestat</ets>. See <er>Testament</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Without having made a valid will; without a will; <as>as, to die <ex>intestate</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<blockquote>Airy succeeders of <b>intestate</b> joys.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not devised or bequeathed; not disposed of by will; <as>as, an <ex>intestate</ex> estate</as>.</def>

<h1>Intestate</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*tes"tate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person who dies without making a valid will.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Intestinal</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*tes"ti*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>intestinal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the intestines of an animal; <as>as, the <ex>intestinal</ex> tube; <ex>intestinal</ex> digestion; <ex>intestinal</ex> ferments.</as></def>

<cs><col>Intestinal canal</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Intestine</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Intestinal worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of helminth living in the intestinal canal of any animal.  The species are numerous.</cd></cs>

<h1>Intestine</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*tes"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intestinus</ets>, fr. <ets>intus</ets> on the inside, within, fr. <ets>in</ets> in: cf. F. <ets>intestine</ets>. See <er>In</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Internal; inward; -- opposed to <i>external</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Epilepsies, fierce catarrhs,
<b>Intestine</b> stone and ulcers.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Internal with regard to a state or country; domestic; not foreign; -- applied usually to that which is evil; <as>as, <ex>intestine</ex> disorders, calamities, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Hoping here to end
<b>Intestine</b> war in heaven, the arch foe subdued.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An <b>intestine</b> struggle . . . between authority and liberty.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Depending upon the internal constitution of a body or entity; subjective.</def>

<blockquote>Everything labors under and <b>intestine</b> necessity.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Shut up; inclosed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Intestine</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*tes"tine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Intestines</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>intestinum</ets>: cf.  F. <ets>intestin</ets>. See <er>Intestine</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>That part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus. See <i>Illust</i>. of <i>Digestive apparatus</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The bowels; entrails; viscera.</def>

<cs><col>Large intestine</col> <fld>(Human Anat. & Med.)</fld>, <cd>the lower portion of the bowel, terminating at the anus. It is adapted for the retention of fecal matter, being shorter, broader, and less convoluted than the <i>small intestine<i>; it consists of three parts, the c\'91cum, colon, and rectum.</cd> -- <col>Small intestine</col> <fld>(Human Anat. & Med.)</fld>, <cd>the upper portion of the bowel, in which the process of digestion is practically completed. It is narrow and contorted, and consists of three parts, the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.</cd></cs>

<h1>Intext</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In"text</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The text of a book.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Herrick.</i>

<h1>Intextine</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*tex"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>In</ets>fine + <ets>extine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A thin membrane existing in the pollen grains of some plants, and situated between the extine and the intine, as in <i><OE/nothera</i>.</def>

<h1>Intextured</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*tex"tured</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inwrought; woven in.</def>

<h1>Inthirst</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*thirst"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make thirsty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inthrall</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*thrall"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inthralled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inthralling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Enthrall</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>inthral</asp>, <asp>enthral</asp>, and <asp>enthrall</asp>.]</altsp> <def>To reduce to bondage or servitude; to make a thrall, slave, vassal, or captive of; to enslave.</def>

<blockquote>She soothes, but never can <b>inthrall</b> my mind.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inthrallment</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*thrall"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>inthralment</ets>, <ets>enthrallment</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of inthralling, or state of being inthralled; servitude; bondage; vassalage.</def>

<h1>Inthrone</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*throne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Enthrone</er>.</def>

<h1>Inthrong</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*throng"</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To throng or collect together.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Inthronization</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*thron`i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>inthronizatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Enthronement.</def>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Inthronize</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*thron"ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>inthronisare</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Enthrone</er>.]</ety> <def>To enthrone.</def>

<h1>Intice</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*tice"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Entice</er>.</def>

<h1>Intimacy</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In"ti*ma*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Intimacies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[From <er>Intimate</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being intimate; close familiarity or association; nearness in friendship.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Acquaintance; familiarity; fellowship; friendship. See <er>Acquaintance</er>.</syn>

<h1>Intimate</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In"ti*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Formerly <ets>intime</ets>, L. <ets>intimus</ets>, a superl. corresponding to the compar. <ets>interior<?/<?/</ets> cf. F. <ets>intime</ets>. The form <ets>intimate</ets> is due to confusion with <ets>intimate</ets>, v. t. See <er>Interior</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Innermost; inward; internal; deep-seated; hearty.</def> "I knew from <i>intimate</i> impulse."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Near; close; direct; thorough; complete.</def>

<blockquote>He was honored with an <b>intimate</b> and immediate admission.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Close in friendship or acquaintance; familiar; confidential; <as>as, an <ex>intimate</ex> friend</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Familiar; near; friendly; confidential.</syn>

<h1>Intimate</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In"ti*mate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An intimate friend or associate; a confidant.</def>

<i>Gov. of the Tongue.</i>

<h1>Intimate</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In"ti*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intimated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intimating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>intimatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>intimare</ets> to put, bring, drive, or press into, to announce, make known, from <ets>intimus</ets> the inmost. See <er>Intimate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To announce; to declare; to publish; to communicate; to make known.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He, incontinent, did proclaim and <b>intimate</b> open war.
<i>E. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So both conspiring 'gan to <b>intimate</b>
Each other's grief.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To suggest obscurely or indirectly; to refer to remotely; to give slight notice of; to hint; <as>as, he <ex>intimated</ex> his intention of resigning his office</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The names of simple ideas and substances, with the abstract ideas in the mind, <b>intimate</b> some real existence, from which was derived their original pattern.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intimately</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In"ti*mate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an intimate manner.</def>

<h1>Intimation</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`ti*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intimatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intimation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of intimating; also, the thing intimated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Announcement; declaration.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>They made an edict with an <b>intimation</b> that whosoever killed a stork, should be banished.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A hint; an obscure or indirect suggestion or notice; a remote or ambiguous reference; <as>as, he had given only <ex>intimations</ex> of his design</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Without mentioning the king of England, or giving the least <b>intimation</b> that he was sent by him.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intime</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In"time</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Intimate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Inward; internal; intimate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir K. Digby.</i>

<h1>Intimidate</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*tim"i*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intimidated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intimidating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>intimidatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>intimidare</ets> to frighten; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>timidus</ets> fearful, timid: cf. F. <ets>intimider</ets>. See <er>Timid</er>.]</ety> <def>To make timid or fearful; to inspire of affect with fear; to deter, as by threats; to dishearten; to abash.</def>

<blockquote>Now guilt, once harbored in the conscious breast,
<b>Intimidates</b> the brave, degrades the great.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To dishearten; dispirit; abash; deter; frighten; terrify; daunt; cow.</syn>

<h1>Intimidation</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*tim`i*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>intimidation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of making timid or fearful or of deterring by threats; the state of being intimidated; <as>as, the voters were kept from the polls by <ex>intimidation</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The king carried his measures in Parliament by <b>intimidation</b>.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intimidatory</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*tim"i*da*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending or serving to intimidate.</def>

<h1>Intinction</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*tinc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intinctio</ets>, fr. <ets>intingere</ets> to dip in; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>tingere</ets> to tinge.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of tingeing or dyeing.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A method or practice of the administration of the sacrament by dipping the bread or wafer in the wine and administering both together.</def>

<h1>Intinctivity</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In`tinc*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + L. <ets>tinctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>tingere</ets> to tinge]</ety> <def>The want of the quality of coloring or tingeing other bodies.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<h1>Intine</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intus</ets> within. Cf. <er>Extine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A transparent, extensible membrane of extreme tenuity, which forms the innermost coating of grains of pollen.</def>

<mhw><h1>Intire, a., Intirely</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*tire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>In*tire"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt></mhw> <def>See <er>Entire</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Entirely</er>, <tt>adv.</tt></def>

<h1>Intitle</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*ti"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Entitle</er>.</def>

<h1>Intitule</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*tit"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intituled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intituling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>intituler</ets>. See <er>Entitle</er>.]</ety> <def>To entitle; to give a title to.</def>

<i>Selden.</i>

<h1>Into</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[<ets>In</ets> + <ets>to</ets>.]</ety> <def>To the inside of; within. It is used in a variety of applications.</def>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Expressing entrance, or a passing from the outside of a thing to its interior parts; -- following verbs expressing motion; <as>as, come <ex>into</ex> the house; go <ex>into</ex> the church; one stream falls or runs <ex>into</ex> another; water enters <ex>into</ex> the fine vessels of plants.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressing penetration beyond the outside or surface, or access to the inside, or contents; <as>as, to look <ex>into</ex> a letter or book; to look <ex>into</ex> an apartment.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Indicating insertion; <as>as, to infuse more spirit or animation <ex>into</ex> a composition</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Denoting inclusion; <as>as, put these ideas <ex>into</ex> other words</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Indicating the passing of a thing from one form, condition, or state to another; <as>as, compound substances may be resolved <ex>into</ex> others which are more simple; ice is convertible <ex>into</ex> water, and water <ex>into</ex> vapor; men are more easily drawn than forced <ex>into</ex> compliance; we may reduce many distinct substances <ex>into</ex> one mass; men are led by evidence <ex>into</ex> belief of truth, and are often enticed <ex>into</ex> the commission of crimes'<ex>into</ex>; she burst <ex>into</ex> tears; children are sometimes frightened <ex>into</ex> fits; all persons are liable to be seduced <ex>into</ex> error and folly.</as></def>

<note>Compare <er>In</er>.</note>

<h1>Intolerability</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*tol`er*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being intolerable; intolerableness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Intolerable</h1>
<Xpage=781>

<hw>In*tol"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>intol\'82rable</ets>, L. <ets>intolerabilis</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Tolerable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not tolerable; not capable of being borne or endured; not proper or right to be allowed; insufferable; insupportable; unbearable; <as>as, <ex>intolerable</ex> pain; <ex>intolerable</ex> heat or cold; an <ex>intolerable</ex> burden.</as></def>

<hr>
<page="782">
Page 782<p>

<blockquote>His insolence is more <b>intolerable</b>
Than all the princes in the land beside.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Enormous.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>intolerable</b> deal of sack.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*tol"er*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In*tol"er*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Intolerance</h1>
<Xpage=782>

<hw>In*tol"er*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intolerantia</ets> impatience, unendurableness: cf. F. <ets>intol\'82rance</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of capacity to endure; <as>as, <ex>intolerance</ex> of light</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of being intolerant; refusal to allow to others the enjoyment of their opinions, chosen modes of worship, and the like; want of patience and forbearance; illiberality; bigotry; <as>as, <ex>intolerance</ex> shown toward a religious sect</as>.</def>

<blockquote>These few restrictions, I hope, are no great stretches of <b>intolerance</b>, no very violent exertions of despotism.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intolerancy</h1>
<Xpage=782>

<hw>In*tol"er*an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Intolerance.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Intolerant</h1>
<Xpage=782>

<hw>In*tol"er*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intolerans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intol\'82rant</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Tolerant</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not enduring; not able to endure.</def>

<blockquote>The powers of human bodies being limited and <b>intolerant</b> of excesses.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not tolerating difference of opinion or sentiment, especially in religious matters; refusing to allow others the enjoyment of their opinions, rights, or worship; unjustly impatient of the opinion of those disagree with us; not tolerant; unforbearing; bigoted.</def>

<blockquote>Religion, harsh, <b>intolerant</b>, austere,
Parent of manners like herself severe.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intolerant</h1>
<Xpage=782>

<hw>In*tol"er*ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An intolerant person; a bigot.</def>

<h1>Intolerantly</h1>
<Xpage=782>

<hw>In*tol"er*ant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an intolerant manner.</def>

<h1>Intolerated</h1>
<Xpage=782>

<hw>In*tol"er*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not tolerated.</def>

<h1>Intolerating</h1>
<Xpage=782>

<hw>In*tol"er*a`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Intolerant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Intoleration</h1>
<Xpage=782>

<hw>In*tol`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Intolerance; want of toleration; refusal to tolerate a difference of opinion.</def>

<h1>Intomb</h1>
<Xpage=782>

<hw>In*tomb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intombed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intombing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To place in a tomb; to bury; to entomb. See <er>Entomb</er>.</def>

<h1>Intombment</h1>
<Xpage=782>

<hw>In*tomb"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Entombment</er>.</def>

<h1>Intonate</h1>
<Xpage=782>

<hw>In"to*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intonatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>intonare</ets> to thunder, resound.]</ety> <def>To thunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Intonate</h1>
<Xpage=782>

<hw>In"to*nate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intonated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intonating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Intone</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To sound the tones of the musical scale; to practice the sol-fa.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To modulate the voice in a musical, sonorous, and measured manner, as in reading the liturgy; to intone.</def>

<h1>Intonate</h1>
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<hw>In"to*nate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter in a musical or sonorous manner; to chant; <as>as, to <ex>intonate</ex> the liturgy</as>.</def>

<h1>Intonation</h1>
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<hw>In`to*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Intonate</er>.]</ety> <def>A thundering; thunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Intonation</h1>
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<hw>In`to*na"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>intonation</ets>. See <er>Intone</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of sounding the tones of the musical scale.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Singing or playing in good tune or otherwise; <as>as, her <ex>intonation</ex> was false</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Reciting in a musical prolonged tone; intonating, or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice, as of a priest. See <er>Intone</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>
<-- 2. the manner of speaking, esp. the rise and fall of the pitch of the voice while speaking. -->

<h1>Intone</h1>
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<hw>In*tone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intoned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>intonare</ets>, <ets>intonatum</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + L. <ets>tonus</ets> tone. See <er>Tone</er> and cf. <er>Entune</er>, <er>Intonate</er>.]</ety> <def>To utter with a musical or prolonged note or tone; to chant; <as>as, to <ex>intone</ex> the church service</as>.</def>

<h1>Intone</h1>
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<hw>In*tone"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To utter a prolonged tone or a deep, protracted sound; to speak or recite in a measured, sonorous manner; to intonate.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Intorsion</h1>
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<hw>In*tor"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intortio</ets> a curling, crisping: cf. F. <ets>intorsion</ets>. See <er>Intort</er>, and cf. <er>Intortion</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A winding, bending, or twisting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The bending or twining of any part of a plant toward one side or the other, or in any direction from the vertical.</def>

<h1>Intort</h1>
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<hw>In*tort"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intorted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intorting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>intortus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>intoquere</ets> to twist; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>torquere</ets> to twist.]</ety> <def>To twist in and out; to twine; to wreathe; to wind; to wring.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Intortion</h1>
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<hw>In*tor"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Intorsion</er>.</def>

<h1>Intoxicant</h1>
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<hw>In*tox"i*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which intoxicates; an intoxicating agent; <as>as, alcohol, opium, and laughing gas are <ex>intoxicants</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Intoxicate</h1>
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<hw>In*tox"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>intoxicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>intoxicare</ets> to drug or poison; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + L. <ets>toxicum</ets> a poison in which arrows were dipped, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ pertaining to a bow. See <er>Toxic</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Intoxicated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Overexcited, as with joy or grief.</def>

<blockquote>Alas, good mother, be not <b>intoxicate</b> for me;
I am well enough.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intoxicate</h1>
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<hw>In*tox"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intoxicated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intoxicating</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To poison; to drug.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make drunk; to inebriate; to excite or to stupefy by strong drink or by a narcotic substance.</def>

<blockquote>With new wine <b>inoxicated</b> both.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To excite to a transport of enthusiasm, frenzy, or madness; to elate unduly or excessively.</def>

<blockquote><b>Intoxicated</b> with the sound of those very bells.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They are not <b>intoxicated</b> by military success.
<i>Jowett (Thuc. ).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intoxicatedness</h1>
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<hw>In*tox"i*ca`ted*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being intoxicated; intoxication; drunkenness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Intoxicating</h1>
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<hw>In*tox"i*ca`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Producing intoxication; <?/<?/tted to intoxicate; <as>as, <ex>intoxicating</ex> liquors</as>.</def>

<h1>Intoxication</h1>
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<hw>In*tox`i*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A poisoning, as by a spirituous or a narcotic substance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being intoxicated or drunk; inebriation; ebriety; drunkenness; the act of intoxicating or making drunk.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A high excitement of mind; an elation which rises to enthusiasm, frenzy, or madness.</def>

<blockquote>That secret <b>intoxication</b> of pleasure.
<i>Spectator.</qsyn

<syn>Syn. -- Drunkenness; inebriation; inebriety; ebriety; infatuation; delirium. See <er>Drunkenness</er>.</def>

<h1>Intra-</h1>
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<hw>In"tra-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>intra</ets>, prep., within, on the inside; akin to <ets>inter</ets>. See <er>Inter-</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying <i>in</i>, <i>within</i>, <i>interior</i>; <as>as, <ex>intra</ex>ocular, within the eyeball; <ex>intra</ex>marginal.</as></def>

<h1>Intraaxillary</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*ax"il*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Situated below the point where a leaf joins the stem.</def>

<h1>Intracellular</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*cel"lu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Within a cell; <as>as, the <ex>intracellular</ex> movements seen in the pigment cells, the salivary cells, and in the protoplasm of some vegetable cells</as>.</def>

<h1>Intracolic</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*col"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Within the colon; <as>as, the <ex>intracolic</ex> valve</as>.</def>

<h1>Intracranial</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*cra"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Within the cranium or skull.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Intractability</h1>
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<hw>In*tract`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being intractable; intractableness.</def>

<i>Bp. Hurd.</i>

<h1>Intractable</h1>
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<hw>In*tract"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intractabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intraitable</ets>, formerly also <ets>intractable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Tractable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not tractable; not easily governed, managed, or directed; indisposed to be taught, disciplined, or tamed; violent; stubborn; obstinate; refractory; <as>as, an <ex>intractable</ex> child</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Stubborn; perverse; obstinate; refractory; cross; unmanageable; unruly; headstrong; violent; ungovernable; unteachable.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*tract"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In*tract"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Intractile</h1>
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<hw>In*tract"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not tractile; incapable of being drawn out or extended.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Intrados</h1>
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<hw>In*tra"dos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>intra</ets> within + F. <ets>dos</ets> the back, L. <ets>dorsum</ets>. Cf. <er>Extrados</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The interior curve of an arch; esp., the inner or lower curved face of the whole body of voussoirs taken together. See <er>Extrados</er>.</def>

<h1>Intrafoliaceous</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*fo`li*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing immediately above, or in front of, a leaf; <as>as, <ex>intrafoliaceous</ex> stipules</as>.</def>

<h1>Intrafusion</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*fu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>intra-</ets> + L. <ets>fundere</ets>, <ets>fusum</ets>, to pour.]</ety> <def>The act of pouring into a vessel; specif. <fld>(Med.)</fld>, the operation of introducing a substance into a blood vessel; <as>as, <ex>intrafusion</ex> of blood</as>.</def>

<h1>Intralobular</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*lob"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Within lobules; <as>as, the <ex>intralobular</ex> branches of the hepatic veins</as>.</def>

<h1>Intramarginal</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*mar"gin*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Situated within the margin.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<h1>Intramercurial</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*mer*cu"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Between the planet Mercury and the sun; -- as, the hypothetical Vulcan is <i>intramercurial</i>.</def>

<h1>Intramolecular</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*mo*lec"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem. & Physics)</fld> <def>Between molecules; situated, or acting, between the molecules of bodies.</def>

<h1>Intramundane</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*mun"dane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being within the material world; -- opposed to <i>extramundane</i>.</def>

<h1>Intramural</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*mu"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being within the walls, as of a city.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat. & Med.)</fld> <def>Being within the substance of the walls of an organ; <as>as, <ex>intramural</ex> pregnancy</as>.</def>

<h1>Intranquillity</h1>
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<hw>In`tran*quil"li*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Unquietness; restlessness.</def>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Intranscalent</h1>
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<hw>In`trans*ca"lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Impervious to heat; adiathermic.</def>

<h1>Intransgressible</h1>
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<hw>In`trans*gress"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intragressibilis</ets> that can not be crossed. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Transgress</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being transgressed; not to be passes over or crossed.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Intranssient</h1>
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<hw>In*trans"sient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not transient; remaining; permanent.</def>

<i>Killingbeck.</i>

<h1>Intransigent</h1>
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<hw>In*trans"i*gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>intransigeant</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>intransigente</ets>); pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + L. <ets>transigere</ets> to come to an agreement; <ets>trans</ets> across + <ets>agere</ets> to lead, act.]</ety> <def>Refusing compromise; uncompromising; irreconcilable.</def>

<i>Lond. Sat. Rev.</i>

<h1>Intransigentes</h1>
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<hw>In`trans"i*gen*tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Spanish Politics)</fld> <def>The extreme radicals; the party of the irreconcilables.</def>

<h1>Intransitive</h1>
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<hw>In*tran"si*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intransitivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intransitif</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Transitive</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not passing farther; kept; detained.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>And then it is for the image's sake and so far is <b>intransitive</b>; but whatever is paid more to the image is transitive and passes further.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Not transitive; not passing over t<?/ an object; expressing an action or state that is limited to the agent or subject, or, in other words, an action which does not require an object to complete the sense; <as>as, an <ex>intransitive</ex> verb, <ex>e</ex></as>. <i>g</i>., the bird <i>flies</i>; the dog <i>runs</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Intransitive</i> verbs have no passive form. Some verbs which appear at first sight to be <i>intransitive</i> are in reality, or were originally, <i>transitive</i> verbs with a reflexive or other object omitted; as, he <i>keeps</i> (<it>i. e.</it>, himself) aloof from danger. <i>Intransitive</i> verbs may take a noun of kindred signification for a cognate object; as, he <i>died</i> the <i>death</i> of a hero; he <i>dreamed</i> a <i>dream</i>. Some <i>intransitive</i> verbs, by the addition of a preposition, become <i>transitive</i>, and so admit of a passive voice; as, the man <i>laughed at</i>; he <i>was laughed at</i> by the man.</note>

<h1>Intransitively</h1>
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<hw>In*tran"si*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Without an object following; in the manner of an intransitive verb.</def>

<h1>In transitu</h1>
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<hw>In` tran"si*tu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>In transit; during passage; <as>as, goods <ex>in transitu</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Intransmissible</h1>
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<hw>In`trans*mis"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not capable of being transmitted.</def>

<h1>Intransmutability</h1>
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<hw>In`trans*mu`ta*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being intransmutable.</def>

<h1>Intransmutable</h1>
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<hw>In`trans*mut"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not capable of being transmuted or changed into another substance.</def>

<h1>Intrant</h1>
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<hw>In"trant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intrans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>intrare</ets> to enter. See <er>Enter</er>.]</ety> <def>Entering; penetrating.</def>

<h1>Intrant</h1>
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<hw>In"trant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who enters; especially, a person entering upon some office or station.</def>

<i>Hume.</i>

<h1>Intranuclear</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*nu"cle*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Within the nucleus of a cell; as. the <i>intranuclear</i> network of fibrils, seen in the first stages of karyokinesis.</def>

<h1>Intrap</h1>
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<hw>In*trap"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Entrap</er>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Intraparietal</h1>
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<hw>In"tra*pa*ri"e*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Situated or occurring within an inclosure; shut off from public sight; private; secluded; retired.</def>

<blockquote>I have no Turkish proclivities, and I do not think that, after all, impaling is preferable as a mode of capital punishment to <b>intraparietal</b> hanging.
<i>Roll<?/ston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intrapetiolar</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*pet"i*o*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Situated between the petiole and the stem; -- said of the pair of stipules at the base of a petiole when united by those margins next the petiole, thus seeming to form a single stipule between the petiole and the stem or branch; -- often confounded with <i>interpetiolar</i>, from which it differs essentially in meaning.</def>

<h1>Intraterritorial</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*ter`ri*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Within the territory or a territory.</def>

<h1>Intrathoracic</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*tho*rac"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Within the thora<?/ or chest.</def>

<h1>Intratropical</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*trop"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Within the tropics.</def>

<h1>Intrauterine</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*u"ter*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Within the uterus or womb; <as>as, <ex>intrauterine</ex> hemorrhage</as>.</def>

<h1>Intravalvular</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*valv"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Between valves.</def>

<h1>Intravenous</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*ve"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Within the veins.</def>

<h1>Intraventricular</h1>
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<hw>In`tra*ven*tric"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Within or between ventricles.</def>

<h1>Intreasure</h1>
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<hw>In*treas"ure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lay up, as in a treasury; to hoard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Intreat</h1>
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<hw>In*treat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Entreat</er>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Intreatable</h1>
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<hw>In*treat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>treatable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not to be entreated; inexorable.</def>

<h1>Intreatance</h1>
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<hw>In*treat"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Entreaty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Intreatful</h1>
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<hw>In*treat"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of entreaty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Intrench</h1>
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<hw>In*trench"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intrenched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intrenching</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut in; to furrow; to make trenches in or upon.</def>

<blockquote>It was this very sword <b>intrenched</b> it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His face
Deep scars of thunder had <b>intrenched</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To surround with a trench or with intrenchments, as in fortification; to fortify with a ditch and parapet; <as>as, the army <ex>intrenched</ex> their camp, or <ex>intrenched</ex> itself</as>.</def> "In the suburbs close <i>intrenched</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Intrench</h1>
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<hw>In*trench"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To invade; to encroach; to infringe or trespass; to enter on, and take possession of, that which belongs to another; -- usually followed by <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>; <as>as, the king was charged with <ex>intrenching</ex> on the rights of the nobles, and the nobles were accused of <ex>intrenching</ex> on the prerogative of the crown</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We are not to <b>intrench</b> upon truth in any conversation, but least of all with children.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intrenchant</h1>
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<hw>In*trench"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>trenchant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not to be gashed or marked with furrows.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>As easy mayest thou the <b>intrenchant</b> air
With thy keen sword impress, as make me bleed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intrenchment</h1>
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<hw>In*trench"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Intrench</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of intrenching or the state of being intrenched.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Any defensive work consisting of at least a trench or ditch and a parapet made from the earth thrown up in making such a ditch.</def>

<blockquote>On our side, we have thrown up <b>intrenchments</b> on Winter and Prospect Hills.
<i>Washington.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any defense or protection.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An encroachment or infringement.</def>

<blockquote>The slight <b>intrenchment</b> upon individual freedom.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intrepid</h1>
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<hw>In*trep"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intrepidus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intr\'82pide</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Trepidation</er>.]</ety> <def>Not trembling or shaking with fear; fearless; bold; brave; undaunted; courageous; <as>as, an <ex>intrepid</ex> soldier; <ex>intrepid</ex> spirit.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Fearless; dauntless; resolute; brave; courageous; daring; valiant; heroic; doughty.</syn>

<h1>Intrepidity</h1>
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<hw>In`tre*pid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>intr\'82pidit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being intrepid; fearless bravery; courage; resoluteness; valor.</def>

<blockquote>Sir Roger had acquitted himself of two or three sentences with a look of much business and great <b>intrepidity</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Courage; heroism; bravery; fortitude; gallantry; valor. See <er>Courage</er>, <er>Heroism</er>.</syn>

<h1>Intrepidly</h1>
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<hw>In*trep"id*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an intrepid manner; courageously; resolutely.</def>

<h1>Intricable</h1>
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<hw>In"tri*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Intricate</er>.]</ety> <def>Entangling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Intricacy</h1>
<Xpage=782>

<hw>In"tri*ca*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Intricacies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[From <er>Intricate</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being intricate or entangled; perplexity; involution; complication; complexity; that which is intricate or involved; <as>as, the <ex>intricacy</ex> of a knot; the <ex>intricacy</ex> of accounts; the <ex>intricacy</ex> of a cause in controversy; the <ex>intricacy</ex> of a plot.</as></def>

<blockquote>Freed from <b>intricacies</b>, taught to live
The easiest way.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intricate</h1>
<Xpage=782>

<hw>In"tri*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intricatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>intricare</ets> to entangle, perplex. Cf. <er>Intrigue</er>, <er>Extricate</er>.]</ety> <def>Entangled; involved; perplexed; complicated; difficult to understand, follow, arrange, or adjust; <as>as, <ex>intricate</ex> machinery, labyrinths, accounts, plots, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>His style was fit to convey the most <b>intricate</b> business to the understanding with the utmost clearness.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The nature of man is <b>intricate</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Intricate</er>, <er>Complex</er>, <er>Complicated</er>.</syn> <usage> A thing is <i>complex</i> when it is made up of parts; it is <i>complicated</i> when those parts are so many, or so arranged, as to make it difficult to grasp them; it is <i>intricate</i> when it has numerous windings and confused involutions which it is hard to follow out. What is <i>complex</i> must be resolved into its parts; what is <i>complicated</i> must be drawn out and developed; what is <i>intricate</i> must be unraveled.</usage>

<h1>Intricate</h1>
<Xpage=782>

<hw>In"tri*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To entangle; to involve; to make perplexing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It makes men troublesome, and <b>intricates</b> all wise discourses.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intricately</h1>
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<hw>In"tri*cate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an intricate manner.</def>

<h1>Intricateness</h1>
<Xpage=782>

<hw>In"tri*cate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being intricate; intricacy.</def>

<h1>Intrication</h1>
<Xpage=782>

<hw>In`tri*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Entanglement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Intrigante</h1>
<Xpage=782>

<hw>In`tri`gante"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A female intriguer.</def>

<hr>
<page="783">
Page 783<p>

<h1>Intrigue</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In*trigue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intrigued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intriguing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>intriguer</ets>, OF. <ets>intriquer</ets>, <ets>entriquer</ets>; cf. It. <ets>intrigare</ets>. See <er>Intricate</er>, <er>Extricate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To form a plot or scheme; to contrive to accomplish a purpose by secret artifice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To carry on a secret and illicit love or amour.</def>

<h1>Intrigue</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In*trigue"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fill with artifice and duplicity; to complicate; to embarrass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>How doth it [sin] perplex and <b>intrique</b> the whole course of your lives!
<i>Dr. J. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intrigue</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In*trigue"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>intrique</ets>. See <er>Intrigue</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Intricacy; complication.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A complicated plot or scheme intended to effect some purpose by secret artifice; conspiracy; stratagem.</def>

<blockquote>Busy meddlers with <b>intrigues</b> of state.
<i>Pomfret.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The plot or romance; a complicated scheme of designs, actions, and events.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A secret and illicit love affair between two persons of different sexes; an amour; a liaison.</def>

<blockquote>The hero of a comedy is represented victorious in all his <b>intrigues</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Plot; scheme; conspiracy; machination.</syn>

<h1>Intriguer</h1>
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<hw>In*trigu"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who intrigues.</def>

<h1>Intriguery</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In*trigu"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Arts or practice of intrigue.</def>

<h1>Intriguingly</h1>
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<hw>In*trigu"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By means of, or in the manner of, intrigue.</def>

<h1>Intrinse</h1>
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<hw>In*trinse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Intrinsic</er>, and <er>Intense</er>.]</ety> <def>Tightly drawn; or (perhaps) intricate.</def> <mark>[Very rare]</mark>

<blockquote>Like rats, oft bite the holy cords atwain,
Which are too <b>intrinse</b> to unloose.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intrinsic</h1>
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<hw>In*trin"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intrinsecus</ets> inward, on the inside; <ets>intra</ets> within + <ets>secus</ets> otherwise, beside; akin to E. <ets>second</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intrins\'8aque</ets>. See <er>Inter-</er>, <er>Second</er>, and cf. <er>Extrinsic</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Inward; internal; hence, true; genuine; real; essential; inherent; not merely apparent or accidental; -- opposed to <i>extrinsic</i>; <as>as, the <ex>intrinsic</ex> value of gold or silver; the <ex>intrinsic</ex> merit of an action; the <ex>intrinsic</ex> worth or goodness of a person.</as></def>

<blockquote>He was better qualified than they to estimate justly the <b>intrinsic</b> value of Grecian philosophy and refinement.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Included wholly within an organ or limb, as certain groups of muscles; -- opposed to <i>extrinsic</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Intrinsic energy of a body</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the work it can do in virtue of its actual condition, without any supply of energy from without.</cd> -- <col>Intrinsic equation of a curve</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the equation which expresses the relation which the length of a curve, measured from a given point of it, to a movable point, has to the angle which the tangent to the curve at the movable point makes with a fixed line.</cd> -- <col>Intrinsic value</col>. <cd>See the Note under <er>Value</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></syn

<syn>Syn. -- Inherent; innate; natural; real; genuine.</def>

<h1>Intrinsic</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In*trin"sic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A genuine quality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Warburton.</i>

<h1>Intrinsical</h1>
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<hw>In*trin"sic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <altsp>[Formerly written <asp>intrinsecal</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Intrinsic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Intimate; closely familiar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Intrinsicality</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In*trin`si*cal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of <?/eing intrinsic; essentialness; genuineness; reality.</def>

<h1>Intrinsically</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In*trin"sic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Internally; <?/n its nature; essentially; really; truly.</def>

<blockquote>A lie is a thing absolutely and <b>intrinsically</b> evil.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intrinsicalness</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In*trin"sic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being intrinsical; intrinsicality.</def>

<h1>Intrinsicate</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In*trin"si*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Intricate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Intro-</h1>
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<hw>In"tro-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>intro</ets>, adv., inwardly, within. See <er>Inter-</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying <i>within</i>, <i>into</i>, <i>in</i>, <i>inward</i>; <as>as, <ex>intro</ex>duce, <ex>intro</ex>reception, <ex>intro</ex>thoracic</as>.</def>

<h1>Introcession</h1>
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<hw>In`tro*ces"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>introcedere</ets>, <ets>introcessum</ets>, to go in; <ets>intro</ets> within + <ets>cedere</ets> to go.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A depression, or inward sinking of parts.</def>

<h1>Introduce</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*duce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Introduced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Introducing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>introducere</ets>, <ets>introductum</ets>; <ets>intro</ets> within + <ets>ducere</ets> to lead. See <er>Intro-</er>, and <er>Duke</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lead or bring in; to conduct or usher in; <as>as, to <ex>introduce</ex> a person into a drawing-room</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put (something into a place); to insert; <as>as, to <ex>introduce</ex> the finger, or a probe</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lead to and make known by formal announcement or recommendation; hence, to cause to be acquainted; <as>as, to <ex>introduce</ex> strangers; to <ex>introduce</ex> one person to another.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To bring into notice, practice, cultivation, or use; <as>as, to <ex>introduce</ex> a new fashion, method, or plant</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To produce; to cause to exist; to induce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whosoever <b>introduces</b> habits in children, deserves the care and attention of their governors.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To open to notice; to begin; to present; <as>as, he <ex>introduced</ex> the subject with a long preface</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To bring in; usher in; insert; begin; preface.</syn>

<h1>Introducement</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*duce"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Introduction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Introducer</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*du"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, introduces.</def>

<h1>Introduct</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*duct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To introduce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Introduction</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*duc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>introductio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>introduction</ets>. See <er>Introduce</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of introducing, or bringing to notice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of formally making persons known to each other; a presentation or making known of one person to another by name; <as>as, the <ex>introduction</ex> of one stranger to another</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That part of a book or discourse which introduces or leads the way to the main subject, or part; preliminary; matter; preface; proem; exordium.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A formal and elaborate preliminary treatise; specifically, a treatise introductory to other treatises, or to a course of study; a guide; <as>as, an <ex>introduction</ex> to English literature</as>.</def>

<h1>Introductive</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*duc"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>introductif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to introduce; introductory.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`tro*duc"tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Introductor</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*duc"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>An introducer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Introductorily</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*duc"to*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of introduction.</def>

<h1>Introductory</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*duc"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>itroductorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>introductoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to introduce something else; leading to the main subject or business; preliminary; prefatory; <as>as, <ex>introductory</ex> proceedings; an <ex>introductory</ex> discourse.</as></def>

<h1>Introductress</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*duc"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female introducer.</def>

<h1>Introflexed</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*flexed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Flexed or bent inward.</def>

<h1>Introgression</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*gres"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>introgressus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>introgredi</ets> to go in; <ets>intro-</ets> within + <ets>gradi</ets> to step, go.]</ety> <def>The act of going in; entrance.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Introit</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In*tro"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>introitus</ets>, fr. <ets>introire</ets> to go into, to enter; <ets>intro</ets> within + <ets>ire</ets> to go: cf. F. <ets>introit</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A going in.</def>

<i>Caxton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A psalm sung or chanted immediately before the collect, epistle, and gospel, and while the priest is entering within the rails of the altar.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A part of a psalm or other portion of Scripture read by the priest at Mass immediately after ascending to the altar.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>An anthem or psalm sung before the Communion service.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any composition of vocal music appropriate to the opening of church services.</def>

<h1>Intromission</h1>
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<hw>In`tro*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>intromission</ets>. See <er>Intromit</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of sending in or of putting in; insertion.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of letting go in; admission.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>An intermeddling with the affairs of another, either on legal grounds or without authority.</def>

<h1>Intromit</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*mit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intromitted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intromitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>intromittere</ets>, <ets>intromissum</ets>; <ets>intro-</ets> within + <ets>mittere</ets> to send.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To send in or put in; to insert or introduce.</def>

<i>Greenhill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To allow to pass in; to admit.</def>

<blockquote>Glass in the window <b>intromits</b> light, without cold.
<i>Holder.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intromit</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*mit"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>To intermeddle with the effects or goods of another.</def>

<h1>Intromittent</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*mit"tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intromittens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Throwing, or allowing to pass, into or within.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Used in copulation; -- said of the external reproductive organs of the males of many animals, and sometimes of those of the females.</def>

<h1>Intromitter</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*mit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who intromits.</def>

<h1>Intropression</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*pres"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pressure acting within.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Introreception</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*re*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of admitting into or within.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Introrse</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In*trorse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>introrsus</ets> inward, contr. from <ets>introversus</ets>. See <er>Introvert</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Turning or facing inward, or toward the axis of the part to which it belongs.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Introspect</h1>
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<hw>In`tro*spect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>introspectus</ets>, p. p. <ets>introspicere</ets> to look into; <ets>intro</ets> within + <ets>specere</ets> to look. See <er>Spy</er>.]</ety> <def>To look into or within; to view the inside of.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Introspection</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*spec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>introspection</ets>.]</ety> <def>A view of the inside or interior; a looking inward; specifically, the act or process of self-examination, or inspection of one's own thoughts and feelings; the cognition which the mind has of its own acts and states; self-consciousness; reflection.</def>

<blockquote>I was forced to make an <b>introspection</b> into my own mind.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Introspectionist</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*spec"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>One given to the introspective method of examining the phenomena of the soul.</def>

<h1>Introspective</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*spec"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>introspectif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Inspecting within; seeing inwardly; capable of, or exercising, inspection; self-conscious.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Involving the act or results of conscious knowledge of physical phenomena; -- contrasted with <i>associational</i>.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Introsume</h1>
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<hw>In`tro*sume"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>intro-</ets> + L. <ets>sumere</ets> to take.]</ety> <def>To draw in; to swallow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Introsusception</h1>
<Xpage=783>

<hw>In`tro*sus*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of receiving within.</def>

<blockquote>The person is corrupted by the <b>introsusception</b> of a nature which becomes evil thereby.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Intussusception</er>.</def>

<h1>Introvenient</h1>
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<hw>In`tro*ven"ient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>introveniens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>introvenire</ets> to come in; <ets>intro</ets> within + <ets>venire</ets> to come.]</ety> <def>Coming in together; entering; commingling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Introversion</h1>
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<hw>In`tro*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Introvert</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of introverting, or the state of being introverted; the act of turning the mind inward.</def>

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<h1>Introvert</h1>
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<hw>In`tro*vert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Introverted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Introverting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>intro-</ets> + L. <ets>vertere</ets>, <ets>versum</ets>, to turn.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To turn or bend inward.</def> "<i>Introverted</i> toes."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To look within; to introspect.</def>

<i>Lew Wallace.</i>

<h1>Intrude</h1>
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<hw>In*trude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intrudere</ets>, <ets>intrusum</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>trudere</ets> to thrust, akin to E. <ets>threat</ets>. See <er>Threat</er>.]</ety> <def>To thrust one's self in; to come or go in without invitation, permission, or welcome; to encroach; to trespass; <as>as, to <ex>intrude</ex> on families at unseasonable hours; to <ex>intrude</ex> on the lands of another.</as></def>

<blockquote>Thy wit wants edge
And manners, to <b>intrude</b> where I am graced.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some thoughts rise and <b>intrude</b> upon us, while we shun them; others fly from us, when we would hold them.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intrude</h1>
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<hw>In*trude"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intruded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intruding</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To thrust or force (something) in or upon; especially, to force (one's self) in without leave or welcome; <as>as, to <ex>intrude</ex> one's presence into a conference; to <ex>intrude</ex> one's opinions upon another.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enter by force; to invade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Why should the worm <b>intrude</b> the maiden bud?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The cause to enter or force a way, as into the crevices of rocks.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To obtrude; encroach; infringe; intrench; trespass. See <er>Obtrude</er>.</syn>

<h1>Intruded</h1>
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<hw>In*trud"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Intrusive</er>.</def>

<h1>Intruder</h1>
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<hw>In*trud"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who intrudes; one who thrusts himself in, or enters without right, or without leave or welcome; a trespasser.</def>

<blockquote>They were all strangers and <b>intruders</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intrudress</h1>
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<hw>In*trud"ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female intruder.</def>

<h1>Intrunk</h1>
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<hw>In*trunk"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inclose as in a trunk; to incase.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Intrusion</h1>
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<hw>In*tru"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>intrusion</ets>. See <er>Intrude</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of intruding, or of forcing in; especially, the forcing (one's self) into a place without right or welcome; encroachment.</def>

<blockquote>Why this <b>intrusion</b>?
Were not my orders that I should be private?
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The penetrating of one rock, while in a plastic or metal state, into the cavities of another.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The entry of a stranger, after a particular estate or freehold is determined, before the person who holds in remainder or reversion has taken possession.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Scotch Ch.)</fld> <def>The settlement of a minister over 3 congregation without their consent.</def>

<h1>Intrusional</h1>
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<hw>In*tru"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to intrusion.</def>

<h1>Intrusionist</h1>
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<hw>In*tru"sion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who intrudes; especially, one who favors the appointment of a clergyman to a parish, by a patron, against the wishes of the parishioners.</def>

<h1>Intrusive</h1>
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<hw>In*tru"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Apt to intrude; characterized by intrusion; entering without right or welcome.</def>

<cs><col>Intrusive rocks</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>rocks which have been forced, while in a plastic or melted state, into the cavities or between the cracks or layers of other rocks. The term is sometimes used as equivalent to <i>plutonic rocks<i>. It is then contrasted with <i>effusive<i> or <i>volcanic rocks<i>.</cd></cs><-- e.g. dikes, igneous rock injected into a fissure -->

-- <wordforms><wf>In*tru"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In*tru"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Intrust</h1>
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<hw>In*trust"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intrusted</er>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intrusting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deliver (something) to another in trust; to deliver to (another) something in trust; to commit or surrender (something) to another with a certain confidence regarding his care, use, or disposal of it; <as>as, to <ex>intrust</ex> a servant with one's money or <ex>intrust</ex> money or goods to a servant</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To commit; consign; confide. See <er>Commit</er>.</syn>

<h1>Intubation</h1>
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<hw>In`tu*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>tube</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The introduction of a tube into an organ to keep it open, as into the larynx in croup.</def>

<h1>Intuition</h1>
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<hw>In`tu*i"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intuitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>intueri</ets> to look on; <ets>in-</ets> in, on + <ets>tueri</ets>: cf. F. <ets>intuition</ets>. See <er>Tuition</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A looking after; a regard to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What, no reflection on a reward! He might have an <b>intuition</b> at it, as the encouragement, though not the cause, of his pains.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Direct apprehension or cognition; immediate knowledge, as in perception or consciousness; -- distinguished from "mediate" knowledge, as in reasoning; <as>as, the mind knows by <ex>intuition</ex> that black is not white, that a circle is not a square, that three are more than two, etc.</as>; quick or ready insight or apprehension.</def>

<blockquote>Sagacity and a nameless something more, -- let us call it <b>intuition</b>.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any object or truth discerned by direct cognition; especially, a first or primary truth.</def>

<h1>Intuitional</h1>
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<hw>In`tu*i"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, intuition; characterized by intuition; perceived by intuition; intuitive.</def>

<h1>Intuitionalism</h1>
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<hw>In`tu*i"tion*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The doctrine that the perception or recognition of primary truth is intuitive, or direct and immediate; -- opposed to <i>sensationalism</i>, and <i>experientialism</i>.</def>

<h1>Intuitionalist</h1>
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<hw>In`tu*i"tion*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who holds the doctrine of intuitionalism.</def>

<h1>Intuitionism</h1>
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<hw>In`tu*i"tion*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Intuitionalism</er>.</def>

<h1>Intuitionist</h1>
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<hw>In`tu*i"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Intuitionalist</er>.</def>

<i>Bain.</i>

<h1>Intuitive</h1>
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<hw>In*tu"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>intuitif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Seeing clearly; <as>as, an <ex>intuitive</ex> view; <ex>intuitive</ex> vision.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Knowing, or perceiving, by intuition; capable of knowing without deduction or reasoning.</def>

<blockquote>Whence the soul
Reason receives, and reason is her being,
Discursive, or <b>intuitive</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Received. reached, obtained, or perceived, by intuition; <as>as, <ex>intuitive</ex> judgment or knowledge</as>; -- opposed to <contr>deductive</contr>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Intuitively</h1>
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<hw>In*tu"i*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an intuitive manner.</def>

<h1>Intuitivism</h1>
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<hw>In*tu"i*tiv*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine that the ideas of right and wrong are intuitive.</def>

<i>J. Grote.</i>

<h1>Intumesce</h1>
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<hw>In`tu*mesce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Intumesced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Intumescing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>intumescere</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>tumescere</ets> to swell up, incho. fr. <ets>tumere</ets> to swell. See <er>Tumid</er>.]</ety> <def>To enlarge or expand with heat; to swell; specifically, to swell up or bubble up under the action of heat, as before the blowpipe.</def>

<blockquote>In a higher heat, it <b>intumesces</b>, and melts into a yellowish black mass.
<i>Kirwan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intumescence</h1>
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<hw>In`tu*mes"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>intumescence</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of swelling or enlarging; also, the state of being swollen; expansion; tumidity; especially, the swelling up of bodies under the action of heat.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>intumescence</b> of nations.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything swollen or enlarged, as a tumor.</def>

<h1>Intumescent</h1>
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<hw>In`tu*mes"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intumescens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Swelling up; expanding.</def>

<h1>Intumulated</h1>
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<hw>In*tu"mu*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intumulatus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Tumulate</er>.]</ety> <def>Unburied.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Intune</h1>
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<hw>In*tune"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To intone. Cf. <er>Entune</er>.</def>

<h1>Inturbidate</h1>
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<hw>In*tur"bid*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inturbidated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inturbidating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>turbid</ets>.]</ety> <def>To render turbid; to darken; to confuse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The confusion of ideas and conceptions under the same term painfully <b>inturbidates</b> his theology.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inturgescence</h1>
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<hw>In`tur*ges"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inturgescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>inturgescere</ets> to swell up. See 1st <er>In-</er>, and   <er>Turgescent</er>.]</ety> <def>A swelling; the act of swelling, or state of being swelled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<hr>
<page="784">
Page 784<p>

<h1>Intuse</h1>
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<hw>In"tuse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intundere</ets> to bruise; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>tundere</ets>, <ets>tusum</ets>, to beat, bruise.]</ety> <def>A bruise; a contusion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Intussuscepted</h1>
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<hw>In`tus*sus*cep"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Intussusception</er>.]</ety> <def>Received into some other thing or part, as a sword into a sheath; invaginated.</def>

<h1>Intussusception</h1>
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<hw>In`tus*sus*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>intus</ets> within + <ets>susception</ets>. Cf. <er>Introsusception</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The reception of one part within another.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The abnormal reception or slipping of a part of a tube, by inversion and descent, within a contiguous part of it; specifically, the reception or slipping of the upper part of the small intestine into the lower; introsusception; invagination.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The interposition of new particles of formative material among those already existing, as in a cell wall, or in a starch grain.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act of taking foreign matter, as food, into a living body; the process of nutrition, by which dead matter is absorbed by the living organism, and ultimately converted into the organized substance of its various tissues and organs.</def>

<blockquote>Dead bodies increase by apposition; living bodies by <b>intrussusception</b>.
<i>McKendrick.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Intwine</h1>
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<hw>In*twine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Entwine</er>.]</ety> <def>To twine or twist into, or together; to wreathe; <as>as, a wreath of flowers <ex>intwined</ex></as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>entwine</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Intwine</h1>
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<hw>In*twine"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be or to become intwined.</def>

<h1>Intwinement</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In*twine"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of twinning, or the state of being intwined.</def>

<h1>Intwist</h1>
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<hw>In*twist"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Entwist</er>.]</ety> <def>To twist into or together; to interweave.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>entwist</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Inuendo</h1>
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<hw>In`u*en"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Innuendo</er>.</def>

<h1>Inulin</h1>
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<hw>In"u*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From NL. <ets>Inula</ets> Helenium, the elecampane: cf. F. <ets>inuline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance of very wide occurrence. It is found dissolved in the sap of the roots and rhizomes of many composite and other plants, as <spn>Inula</spn>, <spn>Helianthus</spn>, <spn>Campanula</spn>, etc., and is extracted by solution as a tasteless, white, semicrystalline substance, resembling starch, with which it is isomeric. It is intermediate in nature between starch and sugar. Called also <altname>dahlin</altname>, <altname>helenin</altname>, <altname>alantin</altname>, etc.</def><-- also = alant starch.  a polysaccharide found in Compositae [MI11]-->

<h1>Inuloid</h1>
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<hw>In"u*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Inul</ets>in + -<ets>oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance resembling inulin, found in the unripe bulbs of the dahila.</def>

<h1>Inumbrate</h1>
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<hw>In*um"brate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inumbratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inumbrare</ets> to shade.]</ety> <def>To shade; to darken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inuncted</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In*unc"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Inunction</er>.]</ety> <def>Anointed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Inunction</h1>
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<hw>In*unc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inunctio</ets>, fr. <ets>inungere</ets>, <ets>inunctum</ets>, to anoint. See 1st <er>In-</er>, and <er>Unction</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of anointing, or the state of being anointed; unction; specifically <fld>(Med.)</fld>, the rubbing of ointments into the pores of the skin, by which medicinal agents contained in them, such as mercury, iodide of potash, etc., are absorbed.</def>

<h1>Inunctuosity</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In*unc`tu*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The want of unctuosity; freedom from greasiness or oiliness; <as>as, the <ex>inunctuosity</ex> of porcelain clay</as>.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<h1>Inundant</h1>
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<hw>In*un"dant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inundans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>inundare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Overflowing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<h1>Inundate</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In*un"date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inundated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inundating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>inundatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inundare</ets> to inundate; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>undare</ets> to rise in waves, to overflow, fr. <ets>unda</ets> a wave. See <er>Undulate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover with a flood; to overflow; to deluge; to flood; <as>as, the river <ex>inundated</ex> the town</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fill with an overflowing abundance or superfluity; <as>as, the country was <ex>inundated</ex> with bills of credit</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To overflow; deluge; flood; overwhelm; submerge; drown.</syn>

<h1>Inundation</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In`un*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inundatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inondation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inundating, or the state of being inundated; an overflow; a flood; a rising and spreading of water over grounds.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>inundation</b> wide the deluge reigns,
Drowns the deep valleys, and o'erspreads the plains.
<i>Wilkie.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An overspreading of any kind; overflowing or superfluous abundance; a flood; a great influx; <as>as, an <ex>inundation</ex> of tourists</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To stop the <b>inundation</b> of her tears.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inunderstanding</h1>
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<hw>In*un`der*stand"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Void of understanding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Inurbane</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In`ur*bane"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inurbanus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Urbane</er>.]</ety> <def>Uncivil; unpolished; rude.</def> <i>M. Arnold</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In`ur*bane"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In`ur*bane"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inurbanity</h1>
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<hw>In`ur*ban"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inurbanit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of urbanity or courtesy; unpolished manners or deportment; inurbaneness; rudeness.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Inure</h1>
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<hw>In*ure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>ure</ets> use, work. See <er>Ure</er> use, practice, <er>Opera</er>, and cf. <er>Manure</er>.]</ety> <def>To apply in use; to train; to discipline; to use or accustom till use gives little or no pain or inconvenience; to harden; to habituate; to practice habitually.</def> "To <i>inure</i> our prompt obedience."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>He . . . did <b>inure</b> them to speak little.
<i>Sir T. North.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Inured</b> and exercised in learning.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The poor, <b>inured</b> to drudgery and distress.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inure</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In*ure"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To pass into use; to take or have effect; to be applied; to serve to the use or benefit of; <as>as, a gift of lands <ex>inures</ex> to the heirs</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>enure</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Inurement</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In*ure"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Use; practice; discipline; habit; custom.</def>

<h1>Inurn</h1>
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<hw>In*urn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>   <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inurned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inurning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put in an urn, as the ashes of the dead; hence, to bury; to intomb.</def>

<blockquote>The sepulcher
Wherein we saw thee quietly <b>inurned</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inusitate</h1>
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<hw>In*u"si*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inunsitatus</ets> unusual. See <er>Use</er>.]</ety> <def>Unusual.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bramhall.</i>

<h1>Inusitation</h1>
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<hw>In*u"si*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of use; disuse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Paley.</i>

<h1>Inust</h1>
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<hw>In*ust"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inurere</ets>, <ets>inustum</ets>, to burn in; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>urere</ets> to burn.]</ety> <def>Burnt in.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inustion</h1>
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<hw>In*us"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of burning or branding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Adams.</i>

<h1>Inutile</h1>
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<hw>In*u"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inutilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inutile</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, <er>Utile</er>.]</ety> <def>Useless; unprofitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Inutility</h1>
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<hw>In`u*til"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inutilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inutilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Uselessness; the quality of being unprofitable; unprofitableness; <as>as, the <ex>inutility</ex> of vain speculations and visionary projects</as>.</def>

<h1>Inutterable</h1>
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<hw>In*ut"ter*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unutterable; inexpressible.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>In vacuo</h1>
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<hw>In` vac"u*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>In a vacuum; in empty space; <as>as, experiments <ex>in vacuo</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Invade</h1>
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<hw>In*vade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Invaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Invading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>invadere</ets>, <ets>invasum</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>vadere</ets> to go, akin to E. <ets>wade</ets>:  cf. OF. <ets>invader</ets>, F. <ets>envahir</ets>. See <er>Wade</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To go into or upon; to pass within the confines of; to enter; -- used of forcible or rude ingress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Which becomes a body, and doth then <b>invade</b>
The state of life, out of the grisly shade.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enter with hostile intentions; to enter with a view to conquest or plunder; to make an irruption into; to attack; <as>as, the Romans <ex>invaded</ex> Great Britain</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Such an enemy
Is risen to <b>invade</b> us.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To attack; to infringe; to encroach on; to violate; <as>as, the king <ex>invaded</ex> the rights of the people</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To grow or spread over; to affect injuriously and progressively; <as>as, gangrene <ex>invades</ex> healthy tissue</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To attack; assail; encroach upon. See <er>Attack</er>.</syn>

<h1>Invade</h1>
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<hw>In*vade"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make an invasion.</def>

<i>Brougham.</i>

<h1>Invader</h1>
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<hw>In*vad"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who invades; an assailant; an encroacher; an intruder.</def>

<h1>Invaginate</h1>
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<hw>In*vag"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To insert as in a sheath; to pr<?/<?/<?/ce intussusception in.</def>

<h1>Invaginate, Invaginated</h1>
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<hw><hw>In*vag"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*vag"i*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Sheathed.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having one portion of a hollow organ drawn back within another portion.</def>

<h1>Invagination</h1>
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<hw>In*vag`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. pref. <ets>in-</ets> + <ets>vagina</ets> sheath.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The condition of an invaginated organ or part.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the methods by which the various germinal layers of the ovum are differentiated.</def>

<note>&hand; In <i>embolic invagination</i>, one half of the blastosphere is pushed in towards the other half, producing an embryonic form known as a <i>gastrula</i>. -- In <i>epibolic invagination</i>, a phenomenon in the development of some invertebrate ova, the epiblast appears to grow over or around the hypoblast.</note>

<h1>Invalescence</h1>
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<hw>In`va*les"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>invalescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>invalescere</ets> to become strong. See 1st <er>In-</er>, and <er>Convalesce</er>.]</ety> <def>Strength; health.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Invaletudinary</h1>
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<hw>In*val`e*tu"di*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wanting health; valetudinary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Invalid</h1>
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<hw>In*val"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>valid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>invalide</ets>, L. <ets>invalidus</ets> infirm, weak. Cf. <er>Invalid</er> infirm.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of no force, weight, or cogency; not valid; weak.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Having no force, effect, or efficacy; void; null; <as>as, an <ex>invalid</ex> contract or agreement</as>.</def>

<h1>Invalid</h1>
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<hw>In"va*lid</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>invalide</ets>, <ets>n. & a.</ets>, L. <ets>invalidus</ets>, <tt>a.</tt> See <er>Invalid</er> null.]</ety> <def>A person who is weak and infirm; one who is disabled for active service; especially, one in chronic ill health.</def>

<h1>Invalid</h1>
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<hw>In"va*lid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Invalid</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Not well; feeble; infirm; sickly; <as>as, he had an <ex>invalid</ex> daughter</as>.</def>

<h1>Invalid</h1>
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<hw>In"va*lid</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make or render invalid or infirm.</def> "<i>Invalided</i>, bent, and almost blind."

<i>Dickens.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To classify or enroll as an invalid.</def>

<blockquote>Peace coming, he was <b>invalided</b> on half pay.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Invalidate</h1>
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<hw>In*val"i*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Invalidated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Invalidating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Invalid</er> null.]</ety> <def>To render invalid; to weaken or lessen the force of; to destroy the authority of; to render of no force or effect; to overthrow; <as>as, to <ex>invali</ex>date an agreement or argument</as>.</def>

<h1>Invalidation</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In*val`i*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of inavlidating, or the state of being invalidated.</def>

<blockquote>So many <b>invalidations</b> of their right.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Invalide</h1>
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<hw>In`va*lide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Invalid</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Invalidism</h1>
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<hw>In"va*lid*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of an invalid; sickness; infirmity.</def>

<h1>Invalidity</h1>
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<hw>In`va*lid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>invalidit\'82</ets>, LL. <ets>invaliditas</ets> want of health.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of validity or cogency; want of legal force or efficacy; invalidness; <as>as, the <ex>invalidity</ex> of an agreement or of a will</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Want of health; infirmity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Invalidness</h1>
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<hw>In*val"id*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Invalidity; <as>as, the <ex>invalidness</ex> of reasoning</as>.</def>

<h1>Invalorous</h1>
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<hw>In*val"or*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not valorous; cowardly.</def>

<h1>Invaluable</h1>
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<hw>In*val"u*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Valuable beyond estimation; inestimable; priceless; precious.</def>

<h1>Invaluably</h1>
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<hw>In*val"u*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Inestimably.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Invalued</h1>
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<hw>In*val"ued</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inestimable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Invariability</h1>
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<hw>In*va`ri*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>invariabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being invariable; invariableness; constancy; uniformity.</def>

<h1>Invariable</h1>
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<hw>In*va"ri*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>variable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>invariable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not given to variation or change; unalterable; unchangeable; always uniform.</def>

<blockquote>Physical laws which are <b>invariable</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*va"ri*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In*va"ri*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Invariable</h1>
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<hw>In*va"ri*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An invariable quantity; a constant.</def>

<h1>Invariance</h1>
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<hw>In*va"ri*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The property of remaining invariable under prescribed or implied conditions.</def>

<i>J. J. Sylvester.</i>

<h1>Invariant</h1>
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<hw>In*va"ri*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An invariable quantity; specifically, a function of the coefficients of one or more forms, which remains unaltered, when these undergo suitable linear transformations.</def>

<i>J. J. Sylvester.</i>

<h1>Invasion</h1>
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<hw>In*va"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>invasio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>invasion</ets>. See <er>Invade</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of invading; the act of encroaching upon the rights or possessions of another; encroachment; trespass.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A warlike or hostile entrance into the possessions or domains of another; the incursion of an army for conquest or plunder.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The incoming or first attack of anything hurtful or pernicious; <as>as, the <ex>invasion</ex> of a disease</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Invasion</er>, <er>Irruption</er>, <er>Inroad</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Invasion</i> is the generic term, denoting a forcible entrance into a foreign country. <i>Incursion</i> signifies a hasty and sudden invasion. <i>Irruption</i> denotes particularly violent invasion. <i>Inroad</i> is entry by some unusual way involving trespass and injury.</usage>

<h1>Invasive</h1>
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<hw>In*va"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>invasivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>invasif</ets>. See <er>Invade</er>.]</ety> <def>Tending to invade; characterized by invasion; aggressive.</def> "<i>Invasive</i> war."

<i>Hoole.</i>

<h1>Invect</h1>
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<hw>In*vect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To inveigh.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Invected</h1>
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<hw>In*vec"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>invectus</ets> carried in. See <er>Inveigh</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having a border or outline composed of semicircles with the convexity outward; -- the opposite of <i>engrailed</i>.</def>

<h1>Invection</h1>
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<hw>In*vec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>invectio</ets>. See <er>Inveigh</er>.]</ety> <def>An inveighing against; invective.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fulke.</i>

<h1>Invective</h1>
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<hw>In*vec"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>invectivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>invectif</ets>. See <er>Inveigh</er>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by invection; critical; denunciatory; satirical; abusive; railing.</def>

<h1>Invective</h1>
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<hw>In*vec"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>invective</ets>.]</ety> <def>An expression which inveighs or rails against a person; a severe or violent censure or reproach; something uttered or written, intended to cast opprobrium, censure, or reproach on another; a harsh or reproachful accusation; -- followed by <i>against</i>, having reference to the person or thing affected; as an <i>invective</i> against tyranny.</def>

<blockquote>The world will be able to judge of his [Junius'] motives for writing such famous <b>invectives</b>.
<i>Sir W. Draper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Abuse; censure; reproach; satire; sarcasm; railing; diatribe. See <er>Abuse</er>.</syn>

<h1>Invectively</h1>
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<hw>In*vec"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an invective manner.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Inveigh</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In*veigh"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inveighed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inveighing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>invehere</ets>, <ets>invectum</ets>, to carry or bring into or against, to attack with words, to inveigh; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>vehere</ets> to carry. See <er>Vehicle</er>, and cf. <er>Invective</er>.]</ety> <def>To declaim or rail (against some person or thing); to utter censorious and bitter language; to attack with harsh criticism or reproach, either spoken or written; to use invectives; -- with <i>against</i>; <as>as, to <ex>inveigh</ex> against character, conduct, manners, customs, morals, a law, an abuse</as>.</def>

<blockquote>All men <b>inveighed</b> against him; all men, except court vassals, opposed him.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The artificial life against which we <b>inveighed</b>.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inveigher</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In*veigh"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who inveighs.</def>

<h1>Inveigle</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In*vei"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inveigled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inveigling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. fr. F. <ets>aveugler</ets> to blind, to delude, OF. <ets>aveugler</ets>, <ets>avugler</ets>, <ets>avegler</ets>, fr. F. <ets>aveugle</ets> blind, OF. <ets>aveugle</ets>, <ets>avugle</ets>, properly, without eyes, fr. L. <ets>ab + oculus</ets> eye. The pref. <ets>in-</ets> seems to have been substituted for <ets>a-</ets> taken as the pref. F. <ets>\'85</ets>, L. <ets>ad</ets>. See <er>Ocular</er>.]</ety> <def>To lead astray as if blind; to persuade to something evil by deceptive arts or flattery; to entice; to insnare; to seduce; to wheedle.</def>

<blockquote>Yet have they many baits and guileful spells
To <b>inveigle</b> and invite the un unwary sense.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inveiglement</h1>
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<hw>In*vei"gle*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of inveigling, or the state of being inveigled; that which inveigles; enticement; seduction.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Inveigler</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In*vei"gler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who inveigles.</def>

<h1>Inveil</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In*veil"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover, as with a vail.</def>

<i>W. Browne.</i>

<h1>Invendibility</h1>
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<hw>In*vend`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being invendible; invendibleness; unsalableness.</def>

<h1>Invendible</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In*vend"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>invendibilis</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Vendible</er>.]</ety> <def>Not vendible or salable.</def> <i>Jefferson</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In*vend"i*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Invenom</h1>
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<hw>In*ven"om</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Envenom</er>.</def>

<h1>Invent</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In*vent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Invented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inventing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>inventus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>invenire</ets> to come upon, to find, invent; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>venire</ets> to come, akin to E. <ets>come</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inventer</ets>. See <er>Come</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To come or light upon; to meet; to find.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And vowed never to return again,
Till him alive or dead she did <b>invent</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To discover, as by study or inquiry; to find out; to devise; to contrive or produce for the first time; -- applied commonly to the discovery of some serviceable mode, instrument, or machine.</def>

<blockquote>Thus first Necessity <b>invented</b> stools.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To frame by the imagination; to fabricate mentally; to forge; -- in a good or a bad sense; <as>as, to <ex>invent</ex> the machinery of a poem; to <ex>invent</ex> a falsehood.</as></def>

<blockquote>Whate'er his cruel malice could <b>invent</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He had <b>invented</b> some circumstances, and put the worst possible construction on others.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To discover; contrive; devise; frame; design; fabricate; concoct; elaborate. See <er>Discover</er>.</syn>

<h1>Inventer</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In*vent"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who invents.</def>

<h1>Inventful</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In*vent"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of invention.</def>

<i>J. Gifford.</i>

<h1>Inventible</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In*vent"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being invented.</def>

<h1>Inventibleness</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In*vent"i*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being inventible.</def>

<h1>Invention</h1>
<Xpage=784>

<hw>In*ven"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inventio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>invention</ets>. See <er>Invent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of finding out or inventing; contrivance or construction of that which has not before existed; <as>as, the <ex>invention</ex> of logarithms; the <ex>invention</ex> of the art of printing.</as></def>

<hr>
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<blockquote>As the search of it [truth] is the duty, so the <b>invention</b> will be the happiness of man.
<i>Tatham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is invented; an original contrivance or construction; a device; <as>as, this fable was the <ex>invention</ex> of Esop; that falsehood was her own <ex>invention</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>We entered by the drawbridge, which has an <b>invention</b> to let one fall if not premonished.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Thought; idea.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A fabrication to deceive; a fiction; a forgery; a falsehood.</def>

<blockquote>Filling their hearers
With strange <b>invention</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The faculty of inventing; imaginative faculty; skill or ingenuity in contriving anything new; <as>as, a man of <ex>invention</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>They lay no less than a want of <b>invention</b> to his charge; a capital crime, . . . for a poet is a maker.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts, Rhet., etc.)</fld> <def>The exercise of the imagination in selecting and treating a theme, or more commonly in contriving the arrangement of a piece, or the method of presenting its parts.</def>

<cs><col>Invention of the cross</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>a festival celebrated May 3d, in honor of the finding of our Savior's cross by St. Helena.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inventious</h1>
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<hw>In*ven"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inventive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Inventive</h1>
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<hw>In*vent"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inventif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Able and apt to invent; quick at contrivance; ready at expedients; <as>as, an <ex>inventive</ex> head or genius</as>.</def> <i>Dryden</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In*vent"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In*vent"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inventor</h1>
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<hw>In*vent"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>inventeur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who invents or finds out something new; a contriver; especially, one who invents mechanical devices.</def>

<h1>Inventorial</h1>
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<hw>In`ven*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an inventory.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>In`ven*to"ri*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Inventory</h1>
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<hw>In"ven*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Inventories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>inventarium</ets>: cf. LL. <ets>inventorium</ets>, F. <ets>inventaire</ets>, OF. also <ets>inventoire</ets>. See <er>Invent</er>.]</ety> <def>An account, catalogue, or schedule, made by an executor or administrator, of all the goods and chattels, and sometimes of the real estate, of a deceased person; a list of the property of which a person or estate is found to be possessed; hence, an itemized list of goods or valuables, with their estimated worth; specifically, the annual account of stock taken in any business.</def>

<blockquote>There take an <b>inventory</b> of all I have.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- List; register; schedule; catalogue. See <er>List</er>.</syn>

<h1>Inventory</h1>
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<hw>In"ven*to*ry</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inventoried</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inventorying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>inventorier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make an inventory of; to make a list, catalogue, or schedule of; to insert or register in an account of goods; <as>as, a merchant <ex>inventories</ex> his stock</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I will give out divers schedules of my beauty; it shall be <b>inventoried</b>, and every particle and utensil labeled.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inventress</h1>
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<hw>In*vent"ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>inventrix</ets>, F. <ets>inventrice</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woman who invents.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Inveracity</h1>
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<hw>In`ve*rac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of veracity.</def>

<h1>Inverisimilitude</h1>
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<hw>In*ver`i*si*mil"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of verisimilitude or likelihood; improbability.</def>

<h1>Inverse</h1>
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<hw>In*verse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inversus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>invertere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inverse</ets>. See <er>Invert</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Opposite in order, relation, or effect; reversed; inverted; reciprocal; -- opposed to <i>direct</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Inverted; having a position or mode of attachment the reverse of that which is usual.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Opposite in nature and effect; -- said with reference to any two operations, which, when both are performed in succession upon any quantity, reproduce that quantity; <as>as, multiplication is the <ex>inverse</ex> operation to division</as>. The symbol of an inverse operation is the symbol of the direct operation with <sps>-1</sps> as an index. Thus <funct><it>sin</it><sps>-1</sps> <it>x</it></funct> means the arc whose sine is <it>x</it>.</def>

<cs><col>Inverse figures</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>two figures, such that each point of either figure is inverse to a corresponding point in the order figure.</cd> -- <col>Inverse points</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>two points lying on a line drawn from the center of a fixed circle or sphere, and so related that the product of their distances from the center of the circle or sphere is equal to the square of the radius.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Inverse</col>, &or;  <col>Reciprocal</col>, <col>ratio</col></mcol> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the ratio of the reciprocals of two quantities.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Inverse</col>, &or;  <col>Reciprocal,</col> <col>proportion</col></mcol>, <cd>an equality between a direct ratio and a reciprocal ratio; thus, <mathex>4 : 2 : : <frac13/ : <frac16/</mathex>, or 4 : 2 : : 3 : 6, <i>inversely<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inverse</h1>
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<hw>In"verse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is inverse.</def>

<blockquote>Thus the course of human study is the <b>inverse</b> of the course of things in nature.
<i>Tatham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inversely</h1>
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<hw>In*verse"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inverse order or manner; by inversion; -- opposed to <i>directly</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Inversely proportional</col>. <cd>See <cref>Directly proportional</cref>, under <er>Directly</er>, and <er>Inversion</er>, 4.</cd></cs>

<h1>Inversion</h1>
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<hw>In*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inversio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inversion</ets>. See <er>Invert</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inverting, or turning over or backward, or the state of being inverted.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A change by inverted order; a reversed position or arrangement of things; transposition.</def>

<blockquote>It is just the <b>inversion</b> of an act of Parliament; your lordship first signed it, and then it was passed among the Lords and Commons.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A movement in tactics by which the order of companies in line is inverted, the right being on the left, the left on the right, and so on.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A change in the order of the terms of a proportion, so that the second takes the place of the first, and the fourth of the third.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A peculiar method of transformation, in which a figure is replaced by its inverse figure. Propositions that are true for the original figure thus furnish new propositions that are true in the inverse figure. See <cref>Inverse figures</cref>, under <er>Inverse</er>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A change of the usual order of words or phrases; <as>as, "of all vices, impurity is one of the most detestable," instead of, "impurity is one of the most detestable of all vices</as>."</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A method of reasoning in which the orator shows that arguments advanced by his adversary in opposition to him are really favorable to his cause.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Said of <i>intervals</i>, when the lower tone is placed an octave higher, so that fifths become fourths, thirds sixths, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Said of a <i>chord</i>, when one of its notes, other than its root, is made the bass.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Said of a <i>subject</i>, or phrase, when the intervals of which it consists are repeated in the contrary direction, rising instead of falling, or vice versa.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Said of <i>double counterpoint</i>, when an upper and a lower part change places.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The folding back of strata upon themselves, as by upheaval, in such a manner that the order of succession appears to be reversed.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process by which cane sugar (<i>sucrose</i>), under the action of heat and acids or ferments (as <i>diastase</i>), is broken or split up into grape sugar (<i>dextrose</i>), and fruit sugar (<i>levulose</i>); also, less properly, the process by which starch is converted into grape sugar (<i>dextrose</i>).</def>

<note>&hand; The terms <i>invert</i> and <i>inversion</i>, in this sense, owe their meaning to the fact that the plane of polarization of light, which is rotated to the right by cane sugar, is turned toward the left by levulose.</note>

<h1>Invert</h1>
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<hw>In*vert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inverted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inverting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>invertere</ets>, <ets>inversum</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>vertere</ets> to turn. See <er>Verse</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To turn over; to put upside down; to upset; to place in a contrary order or direction; to reverse; <as>as, to <ex>invert</ex> a cup, the order of words, rules of justice, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>That doth <b>invert</b> the attest of eyes and ears,
As if these organs had deceptious functions.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Such reasoning falls like an <b>inverted</b> cone,
Wanting its proper base to stand upon.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To change the position of; -- said of tones which form a chord, or parts which compose harmony.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To divert; to convert to a wrong use.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Knolles.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To convert; to reverse; to decompose by, or subject to, inversion. See <er>Inversion</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 10.</def>

<h1>Invert</h1>
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<hw>In*vert"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To undergo inversion, as sugar.</def>

<h1>Invert</h1>
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<hw>In"vert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Subjected to the process of inversion; inverted; converted; <as>as, <ex>invert</ex> sugar</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Invert sugar</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of sugar, consisting of a mixture of dextrose and levulose, found naturally in fruits, and produced artificially by the inversion of cane sugar (sucrose); also, less properly, the grape sugar or dextrose obtained from starch. See <er>Inversion</er>, <er>Dextrose</er>, <er>Levulose</er>, and <er>Sugar</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Invert</h1>
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<hw>In"vert</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>An inverted arch.</def>

<h1>Invertebral</h1>
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<hw>In*ver"te*bral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Invertebrate</er>.</def>

<h1>Invertebrata</h1>
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<hw>In*ver`te*bra"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>vertebratus</ets> vertebrate.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A comprehensive division of the animal kingdom, including all except the Vertebrata.</def>

<h1>Invertebrate</h1>
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<hw>In*ver"te*brate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Destitute of a backbone; having no vertebr\'91; of or pertaining to the Invertebrata.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Invertebrata.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Age of invertebrates</col>. <cd>See <er>Age</er>, and <er>Silurian</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Invertebrated</h1>
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<hw>In*ver"te*bra`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no backbone; invertebrate.</def>

<h1>Inverted</h1>
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<hw>In*vert"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Changed to a contrary or counterchanged order; reversed; characterized by inversion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Situated apparently in reverse order, as strata when folded back upon themselves by upheaval.</def>

<cs><col>Inverted arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an arch placed with crown downward; -- much used in foundations.</cd></cs>

<h1>Invertedly</h1>
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<hw>In*vert"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inverted order.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Invertible</h1>
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<hw>In*vert"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Invert</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being inverted or turned.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Capable of being changed or converted; <as>as, <ex>invertible</ex> sugar</as>.</def>

<h1>Invertible</h1>
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<hw>In*vert"i*ble</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + L. <ets>vertere</ets> to turn + <ets>-ible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being turned or changed.</def>

<blockquote>An indurate and <b>invertible</b> conscience.
<i>Cranmer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Invertin</h1>
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<hw>In*vert"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An unorganized ferment which causes cane sugar to take up a molecule of water and be converted into invert sugar.</def>

<h1>Invest</h1>
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<hw>In*vest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Invested</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Investing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>investire</ets>, <ets>investitum</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>vestire</ets> to clothe, fr. <ets>vestis</ets> clothing: cf. F. <ets>investir</ets>. See <er>Vest</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To put garments on; to clothe; to dress; to array; -- opposed to <i>divest</i>. Usually followed by <i>with</i>, sometimes by <i>in</i>; <as>as, to <ex>invest</ex> one with a robe</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put on.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Can not find one this girdle to <b>invest</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To clothe, as with office or authority; to place in possession of rank, dignity, or estate; to endow; to adorn; to grace; to bedeck; <as>as, to <ex>invest</ex> with honor or glory; to <ex>invest</ex> with an estate.</as></def>

<blockquote>I do <b>invest</b> you jointly with my power.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To surround, accompany, or attend.</def>

<blockquote>Awe such as must always <b>invest</b> the spectacle of the guilt.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To confer; to give.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>It <b>investeth</b> a right of government.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To inclose; to surround of hem in with troops, so as to intercept succors of men and provisions and prevent escape; to lay siege to; <as>as, to <ex>invest</ex> a town</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To lay out (money or capital) in business with the <?/iew of obtaining an income or profit; <as>as, to <ex>invest</ex> money in bank stock</as>.</def>

<h1>Invest</h1>
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<hw>In*vest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make an investment; <as>as, to <ex>invest</ex> in stocks</as>; -- usually followed by <i>in</i>.</def>

<h1>Investient</h1>
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<hw>In*vest"ient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>investiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>investire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Covering; clothing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Investigable</h1>
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<hw>In*ves"ti*ga*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>investigabilis</ets>. See <er>Investigate</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable or susceptible of being investigated; admitting research.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Investigable</h1>
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<hw>In*ves"ti*ga*ble</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>investigabilis</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Vestigate</er>.]</ety> <def>Unsearchable; inscrutable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So unsearchable the judgment and so <b>investigable</b> the ways thereof.
<i>Bale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Investigate</h1>
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<hw>In*ves"ti*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Investigated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Investigating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>investigatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>investigare</ets> to investigate; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>vestigare</ets> to track, trace. See <er>Vestige</er>.]</ety> <def>To follow up step by step by patient inquiry or observation; to trace or track mentally; to search into; to inquire and examine into with care and accuracy; to find out by careful inquisition; <as>as, to <ex>investigate</ex> the causes of natural phenomena</as>.</def>

<h1>Investigate</h1>
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<hw>In*ves"ti*gate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To pursue a course of investigation and study; to make investigation.</def>

<h1>Investigation</h1>
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<hw>In*ves`ti*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>investigatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>investigation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of investigating; the process of inquiring into or following up; research; study; inquiry, esp. patient or thorough inquiry or examination; <as>as, the <ex>investigations</ex> of the philosopher and the mathematician; the <ex>investigations</ex> of the judge, the moralist.</as></def>

<h1>Investigative</h1>
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<hw>In*ves"ti*ga*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Given to investigation; inquisitive; curious; searching.</def>

<h1>Investigator</h1>
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<hw>In*ves"ti*ga`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>investigateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who searches diligently into a subject.</def>

<h1>Investiture</h1>
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<hw>In*ves"ti*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>investitura</ets>: cf. F. <ets>investiture</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or ceremony of investing, or the of being invested, as with an office; a giving possession; also, the right of so investing.</def>

<blockquote>He had refused to yield up to the pope the <b>investiture</b> of bishops.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>Livery of seizin.</def>

<blockquote>The grant of land or a feud was perfected by the ceremony o<?/ corporal <b>investiture</b>, or open delivery of possession.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That with which anyone is invested or clothed; investment; clothing; covering.</def>

<blockquote>While we yet have on
Our gross <b>investiture</b> of mortal weeds.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Investive</h1>
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<hw>In*vest"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Investing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Mir. for Mag.</i>

<h1>Investment</h1>
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<hw>In*vest"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of investing, or the state of being invested.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That with which anyone is invested; a vestment.</def>

<blockquote>Whose white <b>investments</b> figure innocence.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The act of surrounding, blocking up, or besieging by an armed force, or the state of being so surrounded.</def>

<blockquote>The capitulation was signed by the commander of the fort within six days after its <b>investments</b>.
<i>Marshall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The laying out of money in the purchase of some species of property; the amount of money invested, or that in which money is invested.</def>

<blockquote>Before the <b>investment</b> could be made, a change of the market might render it ineligible.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An <b>investment</b> in ink, paper, and steel pens.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Investor</h1>
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<hw>In*vest"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who invests.</def>

<h1>Investure</h1>
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<hw>In*ves"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Investiture; investment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Investure</h1>
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<hw>In*ves"ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To clothe; to invest; to install.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Monks . . . <i>investured</i> in their copes."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Inveteracy</h1>
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<hw>In*vet"er*a*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Inveterate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Firm establishment by long continuance; firmness or deep-rooted obstinacy of any quality or state acquired by time; <as>as, the <ex>inveteracy</ex> of custom, habit, or disease</as>; -- usually in a bad sense; <as>as, the <ex>inveteracy</ex> of prejudice or of error</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>inveteracy</b> of evil habits that will prompt him to contract more.
<i>A. Tucker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Malignity; spitefulness; virulency.</def>

<blockquote>The rancor of pamphlets, the <b>inveteracy</b> of epigrams, an the mortification of lampoons.
<i>Guardian.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inveterate</h1>
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<hw>In*vet"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inveteratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inveterare</ets> to render old; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>vetus</ets>, <ets>veteris</ets>, old. See <er>Veteran</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Old; long-established.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It is an <b>inveterate</b> and received opinion.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Firmly established by long continuance; obstinate; deep-rooted; of long standing; <as>as, an <ex>inveterate</ex> disease; an <ex>inveterate</ex> abuse.</as></def>

<blockquote>Heal the <b>inveterate</b> canker of one wound.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having habits fixed by long continuance; confirmed; habitual; <as>as, an <ex>inveterate</ex> idler or smoker</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Malignant; virulent; spiteful.</def>

<i>H. Brooke.</i>

<h1>Inveterate</h1>
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<hw>In*vet"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fix and settle by long continuance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Inveterately</h1>
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<hw>In*vet"er*ate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inveterate manner or degree.</def> "<i>Inveterately</i> tough."

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Inveterateness</h1>
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<hw>In*vet"er*ate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inveteracy.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Inveteration</h1>
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<hw>In*vet`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inveteratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of making inveterate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Invict</h1>
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<hw>In*vict"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>invictus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Victor</er>.]</ety> <def>Invincible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Joye.</i>

<h1>Invidious</h1>
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<hw>In*vid"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>invidiosus</ets>, fr. <ets>invidia</ets> envy. See <er>Envy</er>, and cf. <er>Envious</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Envious; malignant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Worthy of envy; desirable; enviable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Such a person appeareth in a far more honorable and <b>invidious</b> state than any prosperous man.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Likely to incur or produce ill will, or to provoke envy; hateful; <as>as, <ex>invidious</ex> distinctions</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Agamemnon found it an <b>invidious</b> affair to give the preference to any one of the Grecian heroes.
<i>Broome.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*vid"i*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In*vid"i*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Invigilance, Invigilancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>In*vig"i*lance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*vig"i*lan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>vigilance</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>invigilance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of vigilance; neglect of watching; carelessness.</def>

<hr>
<page="786">
Page 786<p>

<h1>Invigor</h1>
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<hw>In*vig"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To invigorate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Invigorate</h1>
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<hw>In*vig"or*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Invigorated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Invigorating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>vigor</ets>.]</ety> <def>To give vigor to; to strengthen; to animate; to give life and energy to.</def>

<blockquote>Christian graces and virtues they can not be, unless fed, <b>invigorated</b>, and animated by universal charity.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To refresh; animate; exhilarate; stimulate.</syn>

<h1>Invigoration</h1>
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<hw>In*vig`or*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of invigorating, or the state of being invigorated.</def>

<h1>Invile</h1>
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<hw>In*vile"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render vile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Invillaged</h1>
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<hw>In*vil"laged</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Turned into, or reduced to, a village.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Browne.</i>

<h1>Invincibility</h1>
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<hw>In*vin`ci*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>invincibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being invincible; invincibleness.</def>

<h1>Invincible</h1>
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<hw>In*vin"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>invincibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>invincible</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Vincible</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being conquered, overcome, or subdued; unconquerable; insuperable; <as>as, an <ex>invincible</ex> army, or obstacle</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Lead forth to battle these my sons
<b>Invincible</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*vin"ci*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>In*vin"ci*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Inviolability</h1>
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<hw>In*vi`o*la*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inviolabilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inviolabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being inviolable; inviolableness.</def>

<h1>Inviolable</h1>
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<hw>In*vi"o*la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inviolabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inviolable</ets>. See <er>Inviolate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not violable; not susceptible of hurt, wound, or harm (used with respect to either physical or moral damage); not susceptible of being profaned or corrupted; sacred; holy; <as>as, <ex>inviolable</ex> honor or chastity; an <ex>inviolable</ex> shrine.</as></def>

<blockquote>He tried a third, a tough, well-chosen spear,
The <b>inviolable</b> body stood sincere.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unviolated; uninjured; undefiled; uncorrupted.</def>

<blockquote>For thou, be sure, shalt give account
To him who sent us, whose charge is to keep
This place <b>inviolable</b>, and these from harm.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not capable of being broken or violated; <as>as, an <ex>inviolable</ex> covenant, agreement, promise, or vow</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Their almighty Maker first ordained
And bound them with <b>inviolable</b> bands.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And keep our faiths firm and <b>inviolable</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inviolableness</h1>
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<hw>In*vi"o*la*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being inviolable; <as>as, the <ex>inviolableness</ex> of divine justice</as>.</def>

<h1>Inviolably</h1>
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<hw>In*vi"o*la*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without violation.</def>

<h1>Inviolacy</h1>
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<hw>In*vi"o*la*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being inviolate; <as>as, the <ex>inviolacy</ex> of an oath</as>.</def>

<h1>Inviolate, Inviolated</h1>
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<hw><hw>In*vi"o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In*vi"o*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>inviolatus</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Violate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not violated; uninjured; unhurt; unbroken.</def>

<blockquote>His fortune of arms was still <b>inviolate</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not corrupted, defiled, or profaned; chaste; pure.</def> "<i>Inviolate</i> truth."

<i>Denham.</i>

<blockquote>There chaste Alceste lives <b>inviolate</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inviolately</h1>
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<hw>In*vi"o*late*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an inviolate manner.</def>

<h1>Inviolaness</h1>
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<hw>In*vi"o*la*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being inviolate.</def>

<h1>Invious</h1>
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<hw>In"vi*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>invius</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>via</ets> way.]</ety> <def>Untrodden.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Hudibras</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>In"vi*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Invirile</h1>
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<hw>In*vi"rile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deficient in manhood; unmanly; effeminate.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Invirility</h1>
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<hw>In`vi*ril"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Absence of virility or manhood; effeminacy.</def>

<i>Prynne.</i>

<h1>Inviscate</h1>
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<hw>In*vis"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inviscated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inviscating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>inviscatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inviscare</ets> to birdlime; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>viscum</ets>, <ets>viscus</ets>, the mistletoe, birdlime.]</ety> <def>To daub or catch with glue or birdlime; to entangle with glutinous matter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Inviscerate</h1>
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<hw>In*vis"cer*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inviscerated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inviscerating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>invisceratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>inviscerare</ets> to put into the entrails. See <er>Viscera</er>.]</ety> <def>To breed; to nourish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Inviscerate</h1>
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<hw>In*vis"cer*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>invisceratus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Deep-seated; internal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Invisibility</h1>
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<hw>In*vis`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Invisibilities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>invisibilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>invisibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being invisible; also, that which is invisible.</def> "Atoms and <i>invisibilities</i>."

<i>Landor.</i>

<h1>Invisible</h1>
<Xpage=786>

<hw>In*vis"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>invisible</ets>, L. <ets>invisibilis</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Visible</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being seen; not perceptible by vision; not visible.</def>

<blockquote>To us <b>invisible</b>, or dimly seen
In these thy lowest works.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Invisible bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small, shy singing bird (<spn>Myadestes sibilons</spn>), of St. Vincent Islands.</cd> -- <col>Invisible green</col>, <cd>a very dark shade of green, approaching to black, and liable to be mistaken for it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Invisible</h1>
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<hw>In*vis"i*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An invisible person or thing; specifically, God, the Supreme Being.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Rosicrucian; -- so called because avoiding declaration of his craft.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of those (as in the 16th century) who denied the visibility of the church.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Invisibleness</h1>
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<hw>In*vis"i*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being invisible; invisibility.</def>

<h1>Invisibly</h1>
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<hw>In*vis"i*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an invisible manner,</def>

<i>Denham.</i>

<h1>Invision</h1>
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<hw>In*vi"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of vision or of the power of seeing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Invitation</h1>
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<hw>In`vi*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>invitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>invitation</ets>. See <er>Invite</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of inviting; solicitation; the requesting of a person's company; <as>as, an <ex>invitation</ex> to a party, to a dinner, or to visit a friend</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A document written or printed, or spoken words, <?/onveying the message by which one is invited.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Allurement; enticement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>She gives the leer of <b>invitation</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Invitatory</h1>
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<hw>In*vi"ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>invitatorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>invitatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Using or containing invitations.</def>

<blockquote>The "Venite" [Psalm xcv.], which is also called the <b>invitatory</b> psalm.
<i>Hook.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Invitatory</h1>
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<hw>In*vi"ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Invitatories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>invitatorium</ets>: cf. F. <ets>invitatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which invites; specifically, the invitatory psalm, or a part of it used in worship.</def>

<h1>Invite</h1>
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<hw>In*vite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Invited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inviting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>invitare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>inviter</ets>. See <er>Vie</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To ask; to request; to bid; to summon; to ask to do some act, or go to some place; esp., to ask to an entertainment or visit; to request the company of; <as>as, to <ex>invite</ex> to dinner, or a wedding, or an excursion</as>.</def>

<blockquote>So many guests <b>invite</b> as here are writ.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>invite</b> his Grace of Castle Rackrent to reflect on this.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To allure; to draw to; to tempt to come; to induce by pleasure or hope; to attract.</def>

<blockquote>To inveigle and <b>invite</b> the unwary sense.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Shady groves, that easy sleep <b>invite</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There no delusive hope <b>invites</b> despair.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give occasion for; <as>as, to <ex>invite</ex> criticism</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To solicit; bid; call; ask; summon; allure; attract; entice; persuade.</syn>

<h1>Invite</h1>
<Xpage=786>

<hw>In*vite"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To give invitation.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Invitement</h1>
<Xpage=786>

<hw>In*vite"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Invitation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Inviter</h1>
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<hw>In*vit"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, invites.</def>

<h1>Invitiate</h1>
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<hw>In*vi"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not vitiated.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Inviting</h1>
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<hw>In*vit"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Alluring; tempting; <as>as, an <ex>inviting</ex> amusement or prospect</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Nothing is so easy and <b>inviting</b> as the retort of abuse and sarcasm.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>In*vit"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>In*vit"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Invitrifiable</h1>
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<hw>In*vit"ri*fi`a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not admitting of being vitrified, or converted into glass.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<h1>Invocate</h1>
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<hw>In"vo*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Invocated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Invocating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>invocatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>invocare</ets>. See <er>Invoke</er>.]</ety> <def>To invoke; to call on, or for, in supplication; to implore.</def>

<blockquote>If Dagon be thy god,
Go to his temple, <b>invocate</b> his aid.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Invocation</h1>
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<hw>In`vo*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>invocation</ets>, L. <ets>invocatio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or form of calling for the assistance or presence of some superior being; earnest and solemn entreaty; esp., prayer offered to a divine being.</def>

<blockquote>Sweet <b>invocation</b> of a child; most pretty and pathetical!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The whole poem is a prayer to Fortune, and the <b>invocation</b> is divided between the two deities.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A call or summons; especially, a judicial call, demand, or order; <as>as, the <ex>invocation</ex> of papers or evidence into court</as>.</def>

<h1>Invocatory</h1>
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<hw>In"vo*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making or containing invocation; invoking.</def>

<h1>Invoice</h1>
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<hw>In"voice`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>envois</ets> things sent, goods forwarded, pl. of <ets>envoi</ets> a sending or things sent, fr. <ets>envoyer</ets> to send; cf. F. lettre <ets>d'envoi</ets> letter of advice of goods forwarded. See <er>Envoy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A written account of the particulars of merchandise shipped or sent to a purchaser, consignee, factor, etc., with the value or prices and charges annexed.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The lot or set of goods as shipped or received; <as>as, the merchant receives a large <ex>invoice</ex> of goods</as>.</def>

<h1>Invoice</h1>
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<hw>In"voice`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Invoiced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Invoicing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a written list or account of, as goods to be sent to a consignee; to insert in a priced list; to write or enter in an invoice.</def>

<blockquote>Goods, wares, and merchandise imported from Norway, and <b>invoiced</b> in the current dollar of Norway.
<i>Madison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Invoke</h1>
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<hw>In*voke"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Invoked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Invoking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>invoquer</ets>, L. <ets>invocare</ets>; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in, on + <ets>vocare</ets> to call, fr. <ets>vox</ets> voice. See <er>Voice</er>, and cf. <er>Invocate</er>.]</ety> <def>To call on for aid or protection; to invite earnestly or solemnly; to summon; to address in prayer; to solicit or demand by invocation; to implore; <as>as, to <ex>invoke</ex> the Supreme Being, or to <ex>invoke</ex> His and blessing</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Go, my dread lord, to your great grandsire's tomb, . . .
<b>Invoke</b> his warlike spirit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Involucel</h1>
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<hw>In*vol"u*cel</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>involucre</ets>, or <ets>involucrum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>involucelle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A partial, secondary, or small involucre. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Involucre</er>.</def>

<h1>Involucellate</h1>
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<hw>In`vo*lu"cel*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Furnished with involucels.</def>

<h1>Involucellum</h1>
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<hw>In`vo*lu*cel"lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Involucella</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Involucel</er>.</def>

<h1>Involucral</h1>
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<hw>In`vo*lu"cral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>involucral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, possessing, or like, an involucrum.</def>

<h1>Involucrate, Involucrated</h1>
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<hw><hw>In`vo*lu"crate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In`vo*lu"cra*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having an involucre; involucred.</def>

<h1>Involucre</h1>
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<hw>In"vo*lu`cre</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>involucrum</ets> a covering, wrapper, fr. <ets>involvere</ets> to wrap up, envelop: cf. F. <ets>involucre</ets>. See <er>Involve</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A whorl or set of bracts around a flower, umbel, or head.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A continuous marginal covering of sporangia, in certain ferns, as in the common brake, or the cup-shaped processes of the filmy ferns.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The peridium or volva of certain fungi. Called also <altname>involucrum</altname>.</def>

<h1>Involucred</h1>
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<hw>In"vo*lu`cred</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having an involucre, as umbels, heads, etc.</def>

<i>Martyn.</i>

<h1>Involucret</h1>
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<hw>In`vo*lu"cret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An involucel.</def>

<h1>Involucrum</h1>
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<hw>In`vo*lu"crum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Involucra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Involucrums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Involucre</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Involucre</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sheath which surrounds the base of the lasso cells in the Siphonophora.</def>

<h1>Involuntarily</h1>
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<hw>In*vol"un*ta*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Involuntary</er>.]</ety> <def>In an involuntary manner; not voluntarily; not intentionally or willingly.</def>

<h1>Involuntariness</h1>
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<hw>In*vol"un*ta*ri*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being involuntary; unwillingness; automatism.</def>

<h1>Involuntary</h1>
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<hw>In*vol"un*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>involuntarius</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Voluntary</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not having will of the power of choice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not under the influence or control of the will; not voluntary; <as>as, the <ex>involuntary</ex> movements of the body; <ex>involuntary</ex> muscle fibers.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not proceeding from choice; done unwillingly; reluctant; compulsory; <as>as, <ex>involuntary</ex> submission</as>.</def>

<h1>Involute, Involuted</h1>
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<hw><hw>In"vo*lute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In"vo*lu`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>involutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>involvere</ets>. See <er>Involve</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Rolled inward from the edges; -- said of leaves in vernation, or of the petals of flowers in \'91stivation.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Turned inward at the margin, as the exterior lip of the Cyprea.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Rolled inward spirally.</def>

<h1>Involute</h1>
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<hw>In"vo*lute</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve traced by the end of a string wound upon another curve, or unwound from it; -- called also <altname>evolvent</altname>. See <er>Evolute</er>.</def>

<h1>Involution</h1>
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<hw>In`vo*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>involutio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>involution</ets>. See <er>Involve</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of involving or infolding.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being entangled or involved; complication; entanglement.</def>

<blockquote>All things are mixed, and causes blended, by mutual <b>involutions</b>.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That in which anything is involved, folded, or wrapped; envelope.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The insertion of one or more clauses between the subject and the verb, in a way that involves or complicates the construction.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The act or process of raising a quantity to any power assigned; the multiplication of a quantity into itself a given number of times; -- the reverse of <i>evolution</i>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The relation which exists between three or more sets of points, <mathex>a.a\'b7</mathex>, <i>b.b\'b7</i>, <mathex>c.c\'b7</mathex>, so related to a point O on the line, that the product <mathex>Oa.Oa\'b7</mathex> = <mathex>Ob.Ob\'b7</mathex> = <mathex>Oc.Oc\'b7</mathex> is constant. Sets of lines or surfaces possessing corresponding properties may be in <i>involution</i>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The return of an enlarged part or organ to its normal size, as of the <i>uterus</i> after pregnancy.</def>

<h1>Involve</h1>
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<hw>In*volve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Involved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Involving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>involvere</ets>, <ets>involutum</ets>, to roll about, wrap up; pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>volvere</ets> to roll: cf. OF. <ets>involver</ets>. See <er>Voluble</er>, and cf. <er>Involute</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To roll or fold up; to wind round; to entwine.</def>

<blockquote>Some of serpent kind . . . <b>involved</b>
Their snaky folds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To envelop completely; to surround; to cover; to hide; to <i>involve</i> in darkness or obscurity.</def>

<blockquote>And leave a sing\'8ad bottom all <b>involved</b>
With stench and smoke.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To complicate or make intricate, as in grammatical structure.</def> "<i>Involved</i> discourses."

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To connect with something as a natural or logical consequence or effect; to include necessarily; to imply.</def>

<blockquote>He knows
His end with mine <b>involved</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The contrary necessarily <b>involves</b> a contradiction.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To take in; to gather in; to mingle confusedly; to blend or merge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The gathering number, as it moves along,
<b>Involves</b> a vast involuntary throng.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Earth with hell
To mingle and <b>involve</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To envelop, infold, entangle, or embarrass; <as>as, to <ex>involve</ex> a person in debt or misery</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To engage thoroughly; to occupy, employ, or absorb.</def> "<i>Involved</i> in a deep study."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To raise to any assigned power; to multiply, as a quantity, into itself a given number of times; <as>as, a quantity <ex>involved</ex> to the third or fourth power</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To imply; include; implicate; complicate; entangle; embarrass; overwhelm.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Involve</er>, <er>Imply</er>. <i>Imply</i> is opposed to <i>express</i>, or <i>set forth</i>; thus, an <i>implied</i> engagement is one fairly to be understood from the words used or the circumstances of the case, though not set forth in form. <i>Involve</i> goes beyond the mere interpretation of things into their necessary relations; and hence, if one thing <i>involves</i> another, it so contains it that the two must go together by an indissoluble connection. War, for example, <i>involves</i> wide spread misery and death; the premises of a syllogism <i>involve</i> the conclusion.</usage>

<h1>Involved</h1>
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<hw>In*volved"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Involute</er>.</def>

<h1>Involvedness</h1>
<Xpage=786>

<hw>In*volv"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being involved.</def>

<h1>Involvement</h1>
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<hw>In*volve"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of involving, or the state of being involved.</def>

<i>Lew Wallace.</i>

<h1>Invulgar</h1>
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<hw>In*vul"gar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> in + <ets>vulgar</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cause to become or appear vulgar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Invulgar</h1>
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<hw>In*vul"gar</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>vulgar</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not vulgar; refined; elegant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Invulnerability</h1>
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<hw>In*vul"ner*a*bil`i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>invuln\'82rabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Quality or state of being invulnerable.</def>

<h1>Invulnerable</h1>
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<hw>In*vul"ner*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>invulnerabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>invuln\'82rable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Vulnerable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Incapable of being wounded, or of receiving injury.</def>

<blockquote>Neither vainly hope
To be <b>invulnerable</b> in those bright arms.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unanswerable; irrefutable; that can not be refuted or convinced; <as>as, an <ex>invulnerable</ex> argument</as>.</def>

<h1>Invulnerableness</h1>
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<hw>In*vul"ner*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Invulnerability.</def>

<h1>Invulnerate</h1>
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<hw>In*vul"ner*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>invulneratus</ets> unwounded.]</ety> <def>Invulnerable.</def>

<h1>Inwall</h1>
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<hw>In*wall"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Inwalled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Inwalling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To inclose or fortify as with a wall.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<hr>
<page="787">
Page 787<p>

<h1>Inwall</h1>
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<hw>In"wall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inner wall; specifically <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, the inner wall, or lining, of a blast furnace.</def>

<h1>Inward</h1>
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<hw>In"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>inweard</ets>, <ets>inneweard</ets>, <ets>innanweard</ets>, fr. <ets>innan</ets>, <ets>inne</ets>, within (fr. <ets>in</ets> in; see <er>In</er>) + the suffix <ets>-weard</ets>, E. <ets>-ward</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Being or placed within; inner; interior; -- opposed to <i>outward</i>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Seated in the mind, heart, spirit, or soul.</def> "<i>Inward</i> beauty."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Intimate; domestic; private.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All my <b>inward</b> friends abhorred me.
<i>Job xix. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He had had occasion, by one very <b>inward</b> with him, to know in part the discourse of his life.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inward</h1>
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<hw>In"ward</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is inward or within; especially, in the plural, the inner parts or organs of the body; the viscera.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>Then sacrificing, laid the <b>inwards</b> and their fat.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The mental faculties; -- usually <pluf>pl.</pluf></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An intimate or familiar friend or acquaintance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "I was an <i>inward</i> of his."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Inward, Inwards</h1>
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<hw><hw>In"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>In"wards</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>inweard</ets>.  The ending <it>-s</it> is prop. a genitive ending. See <er>Inward</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>-wards</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Toward the inside; toward the center or interior; <as>as, to bend a thing <ex>inward</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Into, or toward, the mind or thoughts; inwardly; <as>as, to turn the attention <ex>inward</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>So much the rather, thou Celestial Light,
Shine <b>inward</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inwardly</h1>
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<hw>In"ward*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>inweardlice</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In the inner parts; internally.</def>

<blockquote>Let Benedick, like covered fire,
Consume away in sighs, waste <b>inwardly</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Toward the center; inward; <as>as, to curve <ex>inwardly</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In the heart or mind; mentally; privately; secret<?/y; <as>as, he <ex>inwardly</ex> repines</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Intimately; thoroughly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I shall desire to know him more <b>inwardly</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inwardness</h1>
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<hw>In"ward*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Internal or true state; essential nature; <as>as, the <ex>inwardness</ex> of conduct</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sense can not arrive to the <b>inwardness</b>
Of things.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Intimacy; familiarity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Heartiness; earnestness.</def>

<blockquote>What was wanted was more <b>inwardness</b>, more feeling.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inwards</h1>
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<hw>In"wards</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>See <er>Inward</er>.</def>

<h1>Inweave</h1>
<Xpage=787>

<hw>In*weave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To weave in or together; to intermix or intertwine by weaving; to interlace.</def>

<blockquote>Down they cast
Their crowns, <b>inwove</b> with amaranth and gold.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inwheel</h1>
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<hw>In*wheel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To encircle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Inwit</h1>
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<hw>In"wit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inward sense; mind; understanding; conscience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Inwith</h1>
<Xpage=787>

<hw>In*with"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Within.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This purse hath she <b>inwith</b> her bosom hid.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inwork</h1>
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<hw>In*work"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> + <ets>work</ets>. Cf. <er>Inwrought</er>.]</ety> <def>To work in or within.</def>

<h1>Itworn</h1>
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<hw>It"worn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Worn, wrought, or stamped in.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Inwrap</h1>
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<hw>In*wrap"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>enwrap</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover by wrapping; to involve; to infold; <as>as, to <ex>inwrap</ex> in a cloak, in smoke, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To involve, as in difficulty or perplexity; to perplex.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Inwreathe</h1>
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<hw>In*wreathe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surround or encompass as with a wreath.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>enwreathe</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Resplendent locks, <b>inwreathed</b> with beams.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Inwrought</h1>
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<hw>In*wrought"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. &or; a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> + <ets>wrought</ets>. Cf. <er>Inwork</er>.]</ety> <def>Wrought or worked in or among other things; worked into any fabric so as to from a part of its texture; wrought or adorned, as with figures.</def>

<blockquote>His mantle hairy, and his bonnet sedge,
<b>Inwrought</b> with figures dim.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Io</h1>
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<hw>I"o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ios</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.; cf. Gr. <grk>"iw`</grk>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation of joy or triumph; -- often interjectional.</def>

<h1>Iod-</h1>
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<hw>I"od-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Iodo-</er>.</def>

<h1>Iodal</h1>
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<hw>I"o*dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iod-</ets> + <ets>al</ets>cohol.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oily liquid, <chform>Cl3.CHO</chform>, analogous to chloral and bromal.</def>

<h1>Iodate</h1>
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<hw>I"o*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of iodic acid.</def>

<h1>Iodhydrin</h1>
<Xpage=787>

<hw>I`od*hy"drin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iod-</ets> + chlor<ets>hydrin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of compounds containing iodine, and analogous to the chlorhydrins.</def>

<h1>Iodic</h1>
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<hw>I*od"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>iodique</ets>. See <er>Iodine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>to, or containing, iodine; specif., denoting those compounds in which it has a relatively high valence; <as>as, <ex>iodic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Iodic acid</col>, <cd>a monobasic acid, consisting of iodine with three parts of oxygen and one of hydrogen.</cd></cs>

<h1>Iodide</h1>
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<hw>I"o*dide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A binary compound of iodine, or one which may be regarded as binary; <as>as, potassium <ex>iodide</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Iodine</h1>
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<hw>I"o*dine</hw> <tt>(?; 104)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ violetlike; <?/ a violet + <?/ form: cf. F. <ets>iode</ets>, <ets>iodine</ets>. The name was given from the violet color of its vapor. See <er>Violet</er>, <er>Idyl</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nonmetallic element, of the halogen group, occurring always in combination, as in the iodides. When isolated it is in the form of dark gray metallic scales, resembling plumbago, soft but brittle, and emitting a chlorinelike odor. Symbol I. Atomic weight 126.5. If heated, iodine volatilizes in beautiful violet vapors.</def>

<note>&hand; Iodine was formerly obtained from the ashes of seaweed (<i>kelp</i> or <i>varec</i>), but is now also extracted from certain natural brines. In the free state, iodine, even in very minute quantities, colors starch blue. Iodine and its compounds are largely used in medicine (as in liniments, antisyphilitics, etc.), in photography, in the preparation of aniline dyes, and as an indicator in titration.</note>

<cs><col>Iodine green</col>, <cd>an artificial green dyestuff, consisting of an iodine derivative of rosaniline; -- called also <altname>night green</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Iodine scarlet</col>, <cd>a pigment of an intense scarlet color, consisting of mercuric iodide.</cd> -- <col>Iodine yellow</col>, <cd>a brilliant yellow pigment, consisting of plumbic iodide.</cd></cs>

<h1>Iodism</h1>
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<hw>I"o*dism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid state produced by the use of iodine and its compounds, and characterized by palpitation, depression, and general emaciation, with a pustular eruption upon the skin.</def>

<h1>Iodize</h1>
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<hw>I"o*dize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Iodized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Iodizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To treat or impregnate with iodine or its compounds; <as>as, to <ex>iodize</ex> a plate for photography</as>.</def>

<i>R. Hunt.</i>

<-- iodized salt = table salt to which an iodide compound has been added as a nutritional supplement to prevent goiter -->

<h1>Iodizer</h1>
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<hw>I"o*di`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, iodizes.</def>

<h1>Iodo-, Iod-</h1>
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<hw><hw>I"o*do-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>I"od-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A prefix, or combining from, indicating <i>iodine</i> as an ingredient; <as>as, <ex>iodo</ex>form</as>.</def>

<h1>Iodoform</h1>
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<hw>I*od"o*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iodo-</ets> + <ets>formyl.</ets> See <er>Formyl</er>, and cf. <er>Chloroform</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow, crystalline, volatile substance, <chform>CI3H</chform>, having an offensive odor and sweetish taste, and analogous to chloroform. It is used in medicine as a healing and antiseptic dressing for wounds and sores.</def>

<h1>Iodoquinine</h1>
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<hw>I`o*do*qui"nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iodo-</ets> + <ets>quinine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A iodide of quinine obtained as a brown substance,. It is the base of herapathite. See <er>Herapathite</er>.</def>

<h1>Iodous</h1>
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<hw>I"o*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, iodine. See <er>-ous</er> (chemical suffix).</def>

<cs><col>Iodous acid</col>, <cd>a hypothetical acid, analogous to chlorous acid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ioduret</h1>
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<hw>I*od"u*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Iodide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Iodyrite</h1>
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<hw>I*od"y*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Iodine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Silver iodide, a mineral of a yellowish color.</def>

<h1>Iolite</h1>
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<hw>I"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a violet  + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A silicate of alumina, iron, and magnesia, having a bright blue color and vitreous luster; cordierite. It is remarkable for its dichroism, and is also called <i>dichroite</i>.</def>

<h1>Io moth</h1>
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<hw>I"o moth`</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large and handsome American moth (<spn>Hyperchiria Io</spn>), having a large, bright-colored spot on each hind wing, resembling the spots on the tail of a peacock. The larva is covered with prickly hairs, which sting like nettles.</def>

<h1>-ion</h1>
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<hw>-ion</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>. <ety>[L. -<ets>io</ets>, acc. -<ets>ionem</ets>: cf. F. -<ets>ion</ets>.]</ety> <def>A noun suffix denoting <i>act</i>, <i>process</i>, <i>result of an act or a process</i>, <i>thing acted upon</i>, <i>state</i>, or <i>condition</i>; <as>as, revolut<ex>ion</ex>, the act or process of revolving; construct<ex>ion</ex>, the act or process of constructing; a thing constructed; domin<ex>ion</ex>, territory ruled over; subject<ex>ion</ex>, state of being subject; deject<ex>ion</ex>; abstract<ex>ion</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Ion</h1>
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<hw>I"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, neut, of <?/, p. pr. of <?/ to go.]</ety> <fld>(Elec. Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the elements which appear at the respective poles when a body is subjected to electro-chemical decomposition. Cf. <er>Anion</er>, <er>Cation</er>.</def>
<-- an atom or goup of atoms (radical) carrying an electrical charge.  Contrasted with neutral atoms or molecules, and free radicals.  Certain compounds, such as sodium chloride, are composed of complementary ions in the solid (crystalline) as well as in solution.  Others, notable acids such as hydrogen chloride, may occur as neutral molecules in the pure liquid or gas forms, and ionize almost completely in dilute aqueous solutions.  In solutions (as in water) ions are frequently bound non-covalently with the molecules of solvent, and in that case are said to be solvated. -->

<h1>Ionian</h1>
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<hw>I*o"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Ionius</ets>. See <er>Ionic</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Ionia or the Ionians; Ionic.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or citizen of Ionia.</def></def2>

<h1>Ionic</h1>
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<hw>I*on"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Ionicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ Ionia.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Ionia or the Ionians.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Ionic order of architecture, one of the three orders invented by the Greeks, and one of the five recognized by the Italian writers of the sixteenth century. Its distinguishing feature is a capital with spiral volutes. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Capital</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Ionic dialect</col> <fld>(Gr. Gram.)</fld>, <cd>a dialect of the Greek language, used in Ionia. The Homeric poems are written in what is designated <i>old Ionic<i>, as distinguished from <i>new Ionic<i>, or <i>Attic<i>, the dialect of all cultivated Greeks in the period of Athenian prosperity and glory.</cd> -- <col>Ionic foot</col>. <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Ionic</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Ionic</col>, &or; <col>Ionian</col>, <col>mode</col></mcol> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>an ancient mode, supposed to correspond with the modern major scale of C.</cd> -- <col>Ionic sect</col>, <cd>a sect of philosophers founded by Thales of Miletus, in Ionia. Their distinguishing tenet was, that water is the original principle of all things.</cd> -- <col>Ionic type</col>, <cd>a kind of heavy-faced type (as that of the following line).</cd></cs>

<note>&hand;<nonpareiltype>This is Nonpareil Ionic.</nonpareiltype></note>

<-- <h1>Ionic</h1>
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<hw>Ionic</hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an ion; composed of ions.</def> -->

<h1>Ionic</h1>
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<hw>I*on"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A foot consisting of four syllables: either two long and two short, -- that is, a spondee and a pyrrhic, in which case it is called the <i>greater Ionic</i>; or two short and two long, -- that is, a pyrrhic and a spondee, in which case it is called the <i>smaller Ionic</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A verse or meter composed or consisting of Ionic feet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The Ionic dialect; <as>as, the Homeric <ex>Ionic</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Ionic type.</def>

<h1>Ionidium</h1>
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<hw>I`o*nid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Cf. <er>Iodine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of violaceous plants, chiefly found in tropical America, some species of which are used as substitutes for ipecacuanha.</def>

<h1>Ioqua shell</h1>
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<hw>I"o*qua shell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The shell of a large Dentalium (<spn>D. pretiosum</spn>), formerly used as shell money, and for ornaments, by the Indians of the west coast of North America.</def>

<h1>Iota</h1>
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<hw>I*o"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Jot</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The ninth letter of the Greek alphabet (&iota;) corresponding with the English <it>i.</it></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A very small quantity or degree; a jot; a particle.</def><-- from iota being the smallest letter -->

<blockquote>They never depart an <b>iota</b> from the authentic formulas of tyranny and usurpation.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Iota subscript</col> <fld>(Gr. Gram.)</fld>, <cd>iota written beneath a preceding vowel, as <grk>a,</grk>, <grk>h,</grk>, <grk>w,</grk>, -- done when iota is silent.</cd></cs><-- we use a following comma to represent the iota subscript within Greek transcriptions.  See the "readme.fnt" file for complete description of Greek transliterations. -->

<h1>Iotacism</h1>
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<hw>I*o"ta*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a laying too much stress upon the iota (<?/): cf. F. <ets>iotacisme</ets>. See <er>Iota</er>.]</ety> <def>The frequent use of the sound of iota (that of English <i>e</i> in <i>be</i>), as among the modern Greeks; also, confusion from sounding <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, <?/, etc., like <?/.</def>

<i>Littr\'82.</i>

<h1>I O U</h1>
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<hw>I O U</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[i. e., I owe you.]</ety> <def>A paper having on it these letters, with a sum named, and duly signed; -- in use in England as an acknowledgment of a debt, and taken as evidence thereof, but not amounting to a promissory note; a due bill.</def>

<i>Wharton. Story.</i>

<h1>Iowas</h1>
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<hw>I"o*was</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt><def>; <i>sing</i>. <er>Iowa</er>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> A tribe of Indians which formerly occupied the region now included in the State of Iowa.</def>

<h1>Ipecac</h1>
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<hw>Ip"e*cac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An abbreviation of <er>Ipecacuanha</er>, and in more frequent use.</def>

<h1>Ipecacuanha</h1>
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<hw>Ip`e*cac`u*an"ha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>ipecacuanha</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>ipecacuana</ets>); fr. Braz. <ets>ipe-kaa-guena</ets>, prop., a creeping plant that causes vomiting.]</ety> <fld>(Med. & Bot.)</fld> <def>The root of a Brazilian rubiaceous herb (<spn>Cepha\'89lis Ipecacuanha</spn>), largely employed as an emetic; also, the plant itself; also, a medicinal extract of the root. Many other plants are used as a substitutes; among them are the black or Peruvian ipecac (<spn>Psychotria emetica</spn>), the white ipecac (<spn>Ionidium Ipecacuanha</spn>), the bastard or wild ipecac (<spn>Asclepias Curassavica</spn>), and the undulated ipecac (<spn>Richardsonia scabra</spn>).</def>

<h1>Ipocras</h1>
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<hw>Ip"o*cras</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hippocras.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ipom\'d2a</h1>
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<hw>Ip`o*m\'d2"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. "Named, according to Linn\'91us, from Gr. <grk>'i`ps</grk>, <grk>'ipo`s</grk>, a bindweed [which it is not]</ety> <def>, and <?/ like." <i>Gray</i>.] <fld>(Bot.)</fld> A genus of twining plants with showy monopetalous flowers, including the morning-glory, the sweet potato, and the cypress vine.</def>

<h1>Ipom\'d2ic</h1>
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<hw>Ip`o*m\'d2"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the oxidation of convolvulin (obtained from jalap, the tubers of <i>Ipom\'d2a purga</i>), and identical in most of its properties with sebacic acid.</def>

<h1>Ir-</h1>
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<hw>Ir-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A form of the prefix <i>in</i>-. See <er>In-</er>.</def>

<h1>Iracund</h1>
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<hw>I"ra*cund</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>iracundus</ets>, fr. <ets>ira</ets> anger.]</ety> <def>Irascible; choleric.</def> "<i>Iracund</i> people."

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Irade</h1>
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<hw>I*ra"de</hw> <tt>(&esl;*r&aum;"d&asl;)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk.]</ety> <def>A decree of the Sultan.</def>

<h1>Iran</h1>
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<hw>I`ran"</hw> <tt>(&emac;`r&aum;n")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Mod. Persian <ets>Ir\'ben</ets>. Cf. <er>Aryan</er>.]</ety> <def>The native name of Persia.</def>

<h1>Iranian</h1>
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<hw>I*ra"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Iran.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Iran; also, the Iranian or Persian language, a division of the Aryan family of languages.</def></def2>

<h1>Iranic</h1>
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<hw>I*ran"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Iranian.</def>

<h1>Irascibility</h1>
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<hw>I*ras`ci*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>irascibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being irascible; irritability of temper; irascibleness.</def>

<h1>Irascible</h1>
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<hw>I*ras"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irascibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>irasci</ets> to be angry, <ets>ira</ets> anger: cf. F. <ets>irascible</ets>. See <er>Ire</er>.]</ety> <def>Prone to anger; easily provoked or inflamed to anger; choleric; irritable; <as>as, an <ex>irascible</ex> man; an <ex>irascible</ex> temper or mood.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>I*ras"ci*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>I*ras"ci*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Irate</h1>
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<hw>I*rate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>iratus</ets>, fr. <ets>irasci</ets> to be angry. See <er>Ire</er>.]</ety> <def>Angry; incensed; enraged.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>irate</b> colonel . . . stood speechless.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Mr. Jaggers suddenly became most <b>irate</b>.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ire</h1>
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<hw>Ire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>ira</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anger; wrath.</def> <mark>[Poet.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Anger; passion; rage; fury. See <er>Anger</er>.</syn>

<h1>Ireful</h1>
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<hw>Ire"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of ire; angry; wroth.</def> "The <i>ireful</i> bastard Orleans." <i>Shak</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ire"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Irefulness</h1>
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<hw>Ire"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrathfulness.</def>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Irenarch</h1>
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<hw>I"re*narch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irenarcha</ets>, <ets>irenarches</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ peace + <?/ to rule.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An officer in the Greek empire having functions corresponding to those of a justice of the peace.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>eirenarch</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Irenic, Irenical</h1>
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<hw><hw>I*ren"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>I*ren"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Fitted or designed to promote peace; pacific; conciliatory; peaceful.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Irenicon</h1>
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<hw>I*ren"i*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ peaceful, fr. <?/ peace.]</ety> <def>A proposition or device for securing peace, especially in the church.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Irenics</h1>
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<hw>I*ren"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>That branch of Christian science which treats of the methods of securing unity among Christians or harmony and union among the churches; -- called also <altname>Irenical theology</altname>.</def>

<i>Schaff-Herzog.</i>

<h1>Irestone</h1>
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<hw>Ire"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Any very hard rock.</def>

<h1>Irian</h1>
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<hw>I"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the iris.</def> "<i>Irian</i> nerves."

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Iricism</h1>
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<hw>I"ri*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Irishism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jeffrey.</i>

<h1>Iridaceous, Irideous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ir`i*da"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>I*rid"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From NL. <ets>Iris</ets>, <ets>Iridis</ets>, the Iris.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a large natural order of endogenous plants (<spn>Iridace\'91</spn>), which includes the genera <spn>Iris</spn>, <spn>Ixia</spn>, <spn>Crocus</spn>, <spn>Gladiolus</spn>, and many others.</def>

<h1>Iridal</h1>
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<hw>I"ri*dal</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>iris</ets>, <ets>iridis</ets>, rainbow. See <er>Iris</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the iris or rainbow; prismatic; <as>as, the <ex>iridal</ex> colors</as>.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Iridectomy</h1>
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<hw>Ir`i*dec"to*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, iris + <?/ cutting out; <?/ out + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The act or process of cutting out a portion of the iris in order to form an artificial pupil.</def>

<h1>Iridescence</h1>
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<hw>Ir`i*des"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Iridescent</er>.]</ety> <def>Exhibition of colors like those of the rainbow; the quality or state of being iridescent; a prismatic play of color; <as>as, the <ex>iridescence</ex> of mother-of-pearl</as>.</def>

<h1>Iridescent</h1>
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<hw>Ir`i*des"cent</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>iris</ets>, <ets>iridis</ets>, the rainbow: cf. F. <ets>iridescent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having colors like the rainbow; exhibiting a play of changeable colors; nacreous; prismatic; <as>as, <ex>iridescent</ex> glass</as>.</def>

<h1>Iridian</h1>
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<hw>I*rid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the iris or rainbow.</def>

<h1>Iridiated</h1>
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<hw>I*rid"i*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Iridescent.</def>

<h1>Iridic</h1>
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<hw>I*rid"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the iris of the eye.</def>

<h1>Iridic</h1>
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<hw>I*rid"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to iridium; -- said specifically of those compounds in which iridium has a relatively high valence.</def>

<h1>Iridioscope</h1>
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<hw>I*rid"i*o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Iris</er>, and <er>-scope</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of ophthalmoscope.</def>

<h1>Iridious</h1>
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<hw>I*rid"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to iridium; -- applied specifically to compounds in which iridium has a low valence.</def>

<hr>
<page="788">
Page 788<p>

<h1>Iridium</h1>
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<hw>I*rid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>iris</ets>, <ets>iridis</ets>, the rainbow. So called from the iridescence of some of its solutions. See <er>Iris</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare metallic element, of the same group as platinum, which it much resembles, being silver-white, but harder, and brittle, and indifferent to most corrosive agents. With the exception of osmium, it is the heaviest substance known, its specific gravity being 22.4. Symbol Ir. Atomic weight 192.5.</def>

<note>&hand; Iridium usually occurs as a native alloy with osmium (<i>iridosmine</i> or <i>osmiridium</i>), which may occur alone or with platinum. Iridium, as an alloy with platinum, is used in bushing the vents of heavy ordnance. It is also used for the points of gold pens, and in a finely powdered condition (<i>iridium black</i>), for painting porcelain black.</note>

<h1>Iridize</h1>
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<hw>Ir"i*dize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Iridized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Iridizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To point or tip with iridium, as a gold pen.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make iridescent; <as>as, to <ex>iridize</ex> glass</as>.</def>

<h1>Iridoline</h1>
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<hw>I*rid"o*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Irid</ets>escent + L. <ets>ol</ets>eum oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous base <chform>C10H9N</chform>, extracted from coal-tar naphtha, as an oily liquid. It is a member of the quinoline series, and is probably identical with <altname>lepidine</altname>.</def>

<h1>Iridosmine, Iridosmium</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ir`i*dos"mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ir`i*dos"mi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Irid</ets>ium + <ets>osmium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The native compound of iridium and osmium. It is found in flattened metallic grains of extreme hardness, and is often used for pointing gold pens.</def>

<h1>Iris</h1>
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<hw>I"ris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Irises</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Irides</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>iris</ets>, <ets>iridis</ets>, the goddess, Gr. <?/, <?/, the rainbow, iris of the eye, the plant Iris. Cf. <er>Orris</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The goddess of the rainbow, and swift-footed messenger of the gods.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The rainbow.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An appearance resembling the rainbow; a prismatic play of colors.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, and forming the colored portion of the eye. See <er>Eye</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants having showy flowers and bulbous or tuberous roots, of which the flower-de-luce (<i>fleur-de-lis</i>), orris, and other species of flag are examples. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Flower-de-luce</er>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>Fleur-de-lis</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Irisated</h1>
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<hw>I"ris*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Iris</er>.]</ety> <def>Exhibiting the prismatic colors; irised; iridescent.</def>

<i>W. Phillips.</i>

<h1>Iriscope</h1>
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<hw>I"ri*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iris</ets> + -<ets>scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>A philosophical toy for exhibiting the prismatic tints by means of thin films.</def>

<h1>Irised</h1>
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<hw>I"rised</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Iris</er>.]</ety> <def>Having colors like those of the rainbow; iridescent.</def>

<i>Holmes.</i>

<h1>Irish</h1>
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<hw>I"rish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets><?/risc</ets>, fr. <ets><?/ras</ets> the Irish. Cf. <er>Aryan</er>, <er>Erse</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Ireland or to its inhabitants; produced in Ireland.</def>

<cs><col>Irish elk</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Elk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Irish moss</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Carrageen</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A preparation of the same made into a blanc mange.</cd> -- <col>Irish poplin</col>. <cd>See <er>Poplin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Irish potato</col>, <cd>the ordinary white potato, so called because it is a favorite article of food in Ireland.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Irish reef</col>, &or; <col>Irishman's reef</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the head of a sail tied up.</cd> -- <col>Irish stew</col>, <cd>meat, potatoes, and onions, cut in small pieces and stewed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Irish</h1>
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<hw>I*rish"</hw>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The natives or inhabitants of Ireland, esp. the Celtic natives or their descendants.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The language of the Irish; the Hiberno-Celtic.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An old game resembling backgammon.</def>

<h1>Irishism</h1>
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<hw>I*rish"*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mode of speaking peculiar to the Irish; an Hibernicism.</def>

<h1>Irishman</h1>
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<hw>I"rish*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Irishmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man born in Ireland or of the Irish race; an Hibernian.</def>

<cs><col>Irishman's hurricane</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a dead calm.</cd> -- <col>Irishman's reef</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Irish reef</cref>, under <er>Irish</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Irishry</h1>
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<hw>I"rish*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Celtic people of Ireland.</def> "The whole <i>Irishry</i> of rebels."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Iritis</h1>
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<hw>I*ri"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Iris</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inflammation of the iris of the eye.</def>

<h1>Irk</h1>
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<hw>Irk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>irken</ets> to tire, become tired; cf. Sw. <ets>yrka</ets> to urge, enforce, press, or G. <ets>ekel</ets> disgust, MHG. <ets>erklich</ets> disgusting; perh. akin to L. <ets>urgere</ets> to urge, E. <ets>urge</ets>.]</ety> <def>To weary; to give pain; to annoy; -- used only impersonally at present.</def>

<blockquote>To see this sight, it <b>irks</b> my very soul.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It <b>irketh</b> him to be here.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Irksome</h1>
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<hw>Irk"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wearisome; tedious; disagreeable or troublesome by reason of long continuance or repetition; <as>as, <ex>irksome</ex> hours; <ex>irksome</ex> tasks.</as></def>

<blockquote>For not to <b>irksome</b> toil, but to delight,
He made us.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Weary; vexed; uneasy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Let us therefore learn not to be <b>irksome</b> when God layeth his cross upon us.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Wearisome; tedious; tiresome; vexatious; burdensome.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Irksome</er>, <er>Wearisome</er>, <er>Tedious</er>. These epithets describe things which give pain or disgust. <i>Irksome</i> is applied to something which disgusts by its nature or quality; <as>as, an <ex>irksome</ex> task</as>. <i>Wearisome</i> denotes that which wearies or <i>wears</i> us out by severe labor; <as>as, <ex>wearisome</ex> employment</as>. <i>Tedious</i> is applied to something which tires us out by the length of time occupied in its performance; <as>as, a <ex>tedious</ex> speech</as>.</usage>

<blockquote><b>Wearisome</b> nights are appointed to me.
<i>Job vii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Pity only on fresh objects stays,
But with the <b>tedious</b> sight of woes decays.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Irk"some*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Irk"some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Iron</h1>
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<hw>I"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>iren</ets>, AS. <ets>\'c6ren</ets>, <ets>\'c6sen</ets>, <ets>\'c6sern</ets>; akin to D. <ets>ijzer</ets>, OS. <ets>\'c6sarn</ets>, OHG. <ets>\'c6sarn</ets>, <ets>\'c6san</ets>, G. <ets>eisen</ets>, Icel. <ets>\'c6sarn</ets>, <ets>j\'bern</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>jern</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>ice</ets>; cf. Ir. <ets>iarann</ets>, W. <ets>haiarn</ets>, Armor. <ets>houarn</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The most common and most useful metallic element, being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form of an oxide (as <i>hematite</i>, <i>magnetite</i>, etc.), or a hydrous oxide (as <i>limonite</i>, <i>turgite</i>, etc.). It is reduced on an enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., <i>cast iron</i>, <i>steel</i>, and <i>wrought iron</i>. Iron usually appears dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or an fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin <i>Ferrum</i>). Atomic weight 55.9. Specific gravity, pure iron, 7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is superior to all other substances.</def>

<note>&hand; The value of iron is largely due to the facility with which it can be worked. Thus, when heated it is malleable and ductile, and can be easily welded and forged at a high temperature. As <i>cast iron</i>, it is easily fusible; as <i>steel</i>, is very tough, and (when tempered) very hard and elastic. Chemically, iron is grouped with cobalt and nickel. <i>Steel</i> is a variety of iron containing more carbon than wrought iron, but less that cast iron. It is made either from wrought iron, by roasting in a packing of carbon (<i>cementation</i>) or from cast iron, by burning off the impurities in a Bessemer converter (then called <i>Bessemer steel</i>), or directly from the iron ore (as in the Siemens rotatory and generating furnace).</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in composition; <as>as, a flat<ex>iron</ex>, a smoothing <ex>iron</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>My young soldier, put up your <b>iron</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.</def>

<blockquote>Four of the sufferers were left to rot in <b>irons</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; <as>as, to rule with a rod of <ex>iron</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Bar iron</col>. <cd>See <cref>Wrought iron</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Bog iron</col>, <cd>bog ore; limonite. See <cref>Bog ore</cref>, under <er>Bog</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cast iron</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>an impure variety of iron, containing from three to six percent of carbon, part of which is united with a part of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest is uncombined, as graphite. It there is little free carbon, the product is <i>white iron<i>; if much of the carbon has separated as graphite, it is called <i>gray iron<i>. See also <er>Cast iron</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Fire irons</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fire</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Gray irons</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fire</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Gray iron</col>. <cd>See <cref>Cast iron</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>It irons</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>said of a sailing vessel, when, in tacking, she comes up head to the wind and will not fill away on either tack.</cd> -- <col>Magnetic iron</col>. <cd>See <er>Magnetite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Malleable iron</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>iron sufficiently pure or soft to be capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a kind of iron produced by removing a portion of the carbon or other impurities from cast iron, rendering it less brittle, and to some extent malleable.</cd> -- <col>Meteoric iron</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>iron forming a large, and often the chief, ingredient of meteorites. It invariably contains a small amount of nickel and cobalt. Cf. <er>Meteorite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pig iron</col>, <cd>the form in which cast iron is made at the blast furnace, being run into molds, called <i>pigs<i>.</cd> -- <col>Reduced iron</col>. <cd>See under <er>Reduced</er>.</cd> -- <col>Specular iron</col>. <cd>See <er>Hematite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Too many irons in the fire</col>, <cd>too many objects requiring the attention at once.</cd> -- <col>White iron</col>. <cd>See <cref>Cast iron</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Wrought iron</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>the purest form of iron commonly known in the arts, containing only about half of one per cent of carbon. It is made either directly from the ore, as in the Catalan forge or bloomery, or by purifying (<i>puddling<i>) cast iron in a reverberatory furnace or refinery. It is tough, malleable, and ductile. When formed into bars, it is called <i>bar iron<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Iron</h1>
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<hw>I"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'c6ren</ets>, <ets>\'c6sen</ets>. See <er>Iron</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; <as>as, an <ex>iron</ex> bar, dust</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling iron in color; <as>as, <ex>iron</ex> blackness</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Like iron in hardness, strength, impenetrability, power of endurance, insensibility, etc.; as:</def>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Rude; hard; harsh; severe</def>.

<blockquote><b>Iron</b> years of wars and dangers.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Jove crushed the nations with an <b>iron</b> rod.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Firm; robust; enduring; as, an <i>iron</i> constitution</def>.

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Inflexible; unrelenting; as, an <i>iron</i> will</def>.

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Not to be broken; holding or binding fast; tenacious</def>. "Him death's <i>iron</i> sleep oppressed."

<i>Philips.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Iron</i> is often used in composition, denoting <i>made of iron</i>, <i>relating to iron</i>, <i>of or with iron</i>; <i>producing iron</i>, etc.; <i>resembling</i> iron, literally or figuratively, in some of its properties or characteristics; as, <i>iron</i>-shod, <i>iron</i>-sheathed, <i>iron</i>-fisted, <i>iron</i>-framed, <i>iron</i>-handed, <i>iron</i>-hearted, <i>iron</i> foundry or <i>iron</i>-foundry.</note>

<cs><col>Iron age</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <cd>The age following the golden, silver, and bronze ages, and characterized by a general degeneration of talent and virtue, and of literary excellence. In Roman literature the <i>Iron Age<i> is commonly regarded as beginning after the taking of Rome by the Goths, <sc>A. D.</sc> 410.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Arch\'91ol.)</fld> <cd>That stage in the development of any people characterized by the use of iron implements in the place of the more cumbrous stone and bronze.</cd> -- <col>Iron cement</col>, <cd>a cement for joints, composed of cast-iron borings or filings, sal ammoniac, etc.</cd> -- <col>Iron clay</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a yellowish clay containing a large proportion of an ore of iron.</cd> -- <col>Iron cross</col>, <cd>a Prussian order of military merit; also, the decoration of the order.</cd> -- <col>Iron crown</col>, <cd>a golden crown set with jewels, belonging originally to the Lombard kings, and indicating the dominion of Italy. It was so called from containing a circle said to have been forged from one of the nails in the cross of Christ.</cd> -- <col>Iron flint</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an opaque, flintlike, ferruginous variety of quartz.</cd> -- <col>Iron founder</col>, <cd>a maker of iron castings.</cd> -- <col>Iron foundry</col>, <cd>the place where iron castings are made.</cd> -- <col>Iron furnace</col>, <cd>a furnace for reducing iron from the ore, or for melting iron for castings, etc.; a forge; a reverberatory; a bloomery.</cd> -- <col>Iron glance</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>hematite.</cd> -- <col>Iron hat</col>, <cd>a headpiece of iron or steel, shaped like a hat with a broad brim, and used as armor during the Middle Ages.</cd> -- <col>Iron horse</col>, <cd>a locomotive engine.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Iron liquor</col></mcol>, <cd>a solution of an iron salt, used as a mordant by dyers.</cd> -- <col>Iron man</col> <fld>(Cotton Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a name for the self-acting spinning mule.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Iron mold</col> &or; <col>mould</col></mcol>, <cd>a yellow spot on cloth stained by rusty iron.</cd> -- <col>Iron ore</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>any native compound of iron from which the metal may be profitably extracted. The principal ores are magnetite, hematite, siderite, limonite, G\'94thite, turgite, and the bog and clay iron ores.</cd> -- <col>Iron pyrites</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>common pyrites, or pyrite. See <er>Pyrites</er>.</cd> -- <col>Iron sand</col>, <cd>an iron ore in grains, usually the magnetic iron ore, formerly used to sand paper after writing.</cd> -- <col>Iron scale</col>, <cd>the thin film which on the surface of wrought iron in the process of forging. It consists essentially of the magnetic oxide of iron, <chform>Fe3O4></chform>.</cd> -- <col>Iron works</col>, <cd>a furnace where iron is smelted, or a forge, rolling mill, or foundry, where it is made into heavy work, such as shafting, rails, cannon, merchant bar, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Iron</h1>
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<hw>I"ron</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ironed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ironing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To smooth with an instrument of iron; especially, to smooth, as cloth, with a heated flatiron; -- sometimes used with <i>out.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To shackle with irons; to fetter or handcuff.</def> "<i>Ironed</i> like a malefactor."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish or arm with iron; <as>as, to <ex>iron</ex> a wagon</as>.</def>

<-- iron out differences = resolve differences; settle a dispute. -->

<h1>Ironbark tree</h1>
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<hw>I"ron*bark` tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The Australian <spn>Eucalyptus Sideroxylon</spn>, used largely by carpenters and shipbuilders; -- called also <altname>ironwood</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ironbound</h1>
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<hw>I"ron*bound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bound as with iron; rugged; <as>as, an <ex>ironbound</ex> coast</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rigid; unyielding; <as>as, <ex>ironbound</ex> traditions</as>.</def>

<h1>Iron-cased</h1>
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<hw>I"ron-cased`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cased or covered with iron, as a vessel; ironclad.</def>

<h1>Ironclad</h1>
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<hw>I"ron*clad`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Clad in iron; protected or covered with iron, as a vessel for naval warfare.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rigorous; severe; exacting; <as>as, an <ex>ironclad</ex> oath or pledge</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Ironclad</h1>
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<hw>I"ron*clad`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A naval vessel having the parts above water covered and protected by iron or steel usually in large plates closely joined and made sufficiently thick and strong to resist heavy shot.</def>

<h1>Ironer</h1>
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<hw>I"ron*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, irons.</def>

<h1>Iron-fisted</h1>
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<hw>I"ron-fist`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Closefisted; stingy; mean.</def>

<h1>Iron-gray</h1>
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<hw>I"ron-gray`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a gray color, somewhat resembling that of iron freshly broken.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An iron-gray color; also, a horse of this color.</def></def2>

<h1>Ironheads</h1>
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<hw>I"ron*heads`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A European composite herb (<spn>Centaurea nigra</spn>); -- so called from the resemblance of its knobbed head to an iron ball fixed on a long handle.</def>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Iron-hearted</h1>
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<hw>I"ron-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hard-hearted; unfeeling; cruel; <as>as, an <ex>iron-hearted</ex> master</as>.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Ironic</h1>
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<hw>I*ron"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ironical.</def>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Ironical</h1>
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<hw>I*ron"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>ironicus</ets>, Gr. <?/ dissembling: cf. F. <ets>ironique</ets>. See <er>Irony</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to irony; containing, expressing, or characterized by, irony; <as>as, an <ex>ironical</ex> remark</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Addicted to the use of irony; given to irony.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>I*ron"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>I*ron"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ironing</h1>
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<hw>I"ron*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of smoothing, as clothes, with hot flatirons.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The clothes ironed.</def>

<cs><col>Ironing board</col>, <cd>a flat board, upon which clothes are laid being ironed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ironish</h1>
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<hw>I"ron*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling iron, as in taste.</def>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Ironist</h1>
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<hw>I"ron*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who uses irony.</def>

<h1>Ironmaster</h1>
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<hw>I"ron*mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A manufacturer of iron, or large dealer therein.</def>

<i>Bp. Hurd.</i>

<h1>Ironmonger</h1>
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<hw>I"ron*mon`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dealer in iron or hardware.</def>

<h1>Ironmongery</h1>
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<hw>I"ron*mon`ger*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hardware; a general name for all articles made of iron.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Iron-sick</h1>
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<hw>I"ron-sick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Having the ironwork loose or corroded; -- said of a ship when her bolts and nails are so eaten with rust that she has become leaky.</def>

<h1>Iron-sided</h1>
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<hw>I"ron-sid`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having iron sides, or very firm sides.</def>

<h1>Ironsides</h1>
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<hw>I"ron*sides"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. <?/</tt> <def>A cuirassier or cuirassiers; also, hardy veteran soldiers; -- applied specifically to Cromwell's cavalry.</def>

<-- Old Ironsides.  The U.S.S. Constitution, a ship which fought in the American Revolutionary war, and now functions as a museum in Boston harbor. -->

<h1>Ironsmith</h1>
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<hw>I"ron*smith`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A worker in iron; one who makes and repairs utensils of iron; a blacksmith.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An East Indian barbet (<spn>Megalaima faber</spn>), inhabiting the Island of Hainan. The name alludes to its note, which resembles the sounds made by a smith.</def>

<h1>Ironstone</h1>
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<hw>I"ron*stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hard, earthy ore of iron.</def>

<cs><col>Clay ironstone</col>. <cd>See under <er>Clay</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ironstone china</col>, <cd>a hard white pottery, first made in England during the 18th century.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ironware</h1>
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<hw>I"ron*ware`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Articles made of iron, as household utensils, tools, and the like.</def>

<h1>Ironweed</h1>
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<hw>I"ron*weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tall weed with purplish flowers (<spn>Vernonia Noveboracensis</spn>). The name is also applied to other plants of the same genus.</def>

<h1>Ironwood</h1>
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<hw>I"ron*wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree unusually hard, strong, or heavy wood.</def>

<note>&hand; In the United States, the hornbeam and the hop hornbeam are so called; also the <spn>Olneya Tesota</spn>, a small tree of Arizona; in the West Indies, the <spn>Erythroxylon areolatum</spn>, and several other unrelated trees; in China, the <spn>Metrosideros vera</spn>; in India, the <spn>Mesua ferrea</spn>, and two species of <spn>Inga</spn>; in Australia, the <spn>Eucalyptus Sideroxylon</spn>, and in many countries, species of <spn>Sideroxylon</spn> and <spn>Diospyros</spn>, and many other trees.</note>

<h1>Ironwork</h1>
<Xpage=788>

<hw>I"ron*work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything made of iron; -- a general name of such parts or pieces of a building, vessel, carriage, etc., as consist of iron.</def>

<h1>Iron works</h1>
<Xpage=788>

<hw>I"ron works`</hw><def>. See under <er>Iron</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Ironwort</h1>
<Xpage=788>

<hw>I"ron*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herb of the Mint family (<spn>Sideritis</spn>), supposed to heal sword cuts; also, a species of <spn>Galeopsis</spn>.</def>

<h1>Irony</h1>
<Xpage=788>

<hw>I"ron*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Iron</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Made or consisting of iron; partaking of iron; iron; <as>as, <ex>irony</ex> chains; <ex>irony</ex> particles.</as></def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<-- in this sense iron is more common. -->

<i>Woodward.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling iron taste, hardness, or other physical property.</def>

<h1>Irony</h1>
<Xpage=788>

<hw>I"ron*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>ironia</ets>, Gr. <?/ dissimulation, fr. <?/ a dissembler in speech, fr. <?/ to speak; perh. akin to E. <ets>word</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ironie</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Dissimulation; ignorance feigned for the purpose of confounding or provoking an antagonist.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sort of humor, ridicule, or light sarcasm, which adopts a mode of speech the meaning of which is contrary to the literal sense of the words.</def>

<h1>Iroquois</h1>
<Xpage=788>

<hw>Ir`o*quois"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A powerful and warlike confederacy of Indian tribes, formerly inhabiting Central New York and constituting most of the Five Nations. Also, any Indian of the Iroquois tribes.</def>

<h1>Irous</h1>
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<hw>I"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>iros</ets>, from <ets>ire</ets>. See <er>Ire</er>.]</ety> <def>Irascible; passionate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Irp, Irpe</h1>
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<hw><hw>Irp</hw>, <hw>Irpe</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A fantastic grimace or contortion of the body.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Smirks and <b>irps</b> and all affected humors.
<i>B. Jonson</i></blockquote>.

<hr>
<page="789">
Page 789<p>

<h1>Irp</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Irp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making irps.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Irradiance, Irradiancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ir*ra"di*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ir*ra"di*an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Irradiant</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of irradiating; emission of rays of light.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which irradiates or is irradiated; luster; splendor; irradiation; brilliancy.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Irradiant</h1>
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<hw>Ir*ra"di*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irradians</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Irradiate</er>.]</ety> <def>Irradiating or illuminating; <as>as, the <ex>irradiant</ex> moon</as>.</def>

<i>Boyse.</i>

<h1>Irradiate</h1>
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<hw>Ir*ra"di*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Irradiated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Irradiating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>irradiatus</ets>, p. p. of irradiate. See <er>In-</er> <ets>in</ets>, and <er>Radiate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw rays of light upon; to illuminate; to brighten; to adorn with luster.</def>

<blockquote>Thy smile <b>irradiates</b> yon blue fields.
<i>Sir W. Jones.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enlighten intellectually; to illuminate; <as>as, to <ex>irradiate</ex> the mind</as>.</def>

<i>Bp. Bull.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To animate by heat or light.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To radiate, shed, or diffuse.</def>

<blockquote>A splendid fa<?/ade, . . . <b>irradiating</b> hospitality.
<i>H. James.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Irradiate</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*ra"di*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To emit rays; to shine.</def>

<h1>Irradiate</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*ra"di*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irradiatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Illuminated; irradiated.</def>

<i>Mason.</i>

<h1>Irradiation</h1>
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<hw>Ir*ra`di*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>irradiation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of irradiating, or state of being irradiated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Illumination; irradiance; brilliancy.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: Mental light or illumination.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The apparent enlargement of a bright object seen upon a dark ground, due to the fact that the portions of the retina around the image are stimulated by the intense light; as when a dark spot on a white ground appears smaller, or a white spot on a dark ground larger, than it really is, esp. when a little out of focus.</def>

<h1>Irradicate</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*rad"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To root deeply.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Irrational</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*ra"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irrationalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irrationnel</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Rational</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not rational; void of reason or understanding; <as>as, brutes are <ex>irrational</ex> animals</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not according to reason; absurd; foolish.</def>

<blockquote>It seemed utterly <b>irrational</b> any longer to maintain it.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Not capable of being exactly expressed by an integral number, or by a vulgar fraction; surd; -- said especially of roots. See <er>Surd</er>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Absurd; foolish; preposterous; unreasonable; senseless. See <er>Absurd</er>.</syn>

<h1>Irrationality</h1>
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<hw>Ir*ra`tion*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being irrational.</def> "Brutish <i>irrationaliity</i>."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Irrationally</h1>
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<hw>Ir*ra"tion*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an irrational manner.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Irrationalness</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*ra"tion*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Irrationality.</def>

<h1>Irrebuttable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*but"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being rebutted.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Irreceptive</h1>
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<hw>Ir`re*cep"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not receiving; incapable of receiving.</def>

<h1>Irreclaimable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*claim"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being reclaimed.</def> <i>Addison</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ir`re*claim"a*bly</wf>, <tt>ad<?/.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Irrecognition</h1>
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<hw>Ir*rec`og*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>in-</ets> not + <ets>recognition</ets>.]</ety> <def>A failure to recognize; absence of recognition.</def>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Irrecognizable</h1>
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<hw>Ir*rec"og*ni`za*ble</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not recognizable.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Irreconcilability</h1>
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<hw>Ir*rec`on*ci`la*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being irreconcilable; irreconcilableness.</def>

<h1>Irreconcilable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*rec"on*ci`la*ble</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ir-</ets> not + <ets>reconcilable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irr\'82conciliable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not reconcilable; implacable; incompatible; inconsistent; disagreeing; <as>as, <ex>irreconcilable</ex> enemies, statements</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ir*rec"on*ci`la*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Ir*rec"on*ci`la*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Irreconcile</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*rec"on*cile`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To prevent from being reconciled; to alienate or disaffect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Irreconcilement</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*rec"on*cile`ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being unreconciled; disagreement.</def>

<h1>Irreconciliation</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*rec`on*cil`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of reconciliation; disagreement.</def>

<h1>Irrecordable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*cord"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ir--</ets> not + <ets>record</ets>: cf. L. <ets>irrecordabilis</ets> not to be remembered.]</ety> <def>Not fit or possible to be recorded.</def>

<h1>Irrecoverable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*cov"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not capable of being recovered, regained, or remedied; irreparable; <as>as, an <ex>irrecoverable</ex> loss, debt, or injury</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That which is past is gone and <b>irrecoverable</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Irreparable; irretrievable; irremediable; unalterable; incurable; hopeless.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ir`re*cov"er*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Ir`re*cov"er*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Irrecuperable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*cu"per*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irrecuperabilis</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>irrecuperable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Recuperate</er>.]</ety> <def>Irrecoverable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ir`re*cu"per*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Irrecured</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*cured"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incurable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Irrecusable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*cu"sa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irrecusabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>ir--</ets> not + <ets>recusabilis</ets> that should be rejected, fr. <ets>recusare</ets> to reject: cf. F. <ets>irr\'82cusable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not liable to exception or rejection.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Irredeemability</h1>
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<hw>Ir`re*deem`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being irredeemable; irredeemableness.</def>

<h1>Irredeemable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*deem"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not redeemable; that can not be redeemed; not payable in gold or silver, as a bond; -- used especially of such government notes, issued as currency, as are not convertible into coin at the pleasure of the holder.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ir`re*deem"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Irreducibility</h1>
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<hw>Ir`re*du`ci*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being irreducible.</def>

<h1>Irreducible</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*du"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Incapable of being reduced, or brought into a different state; incapable of restoration to its proper or normal condition; <as>as, an <ex>irreducible</ex> hernia</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Incapable of being reduced to a simpler form of expression; <as>as, an <ex>irreducible</ex> formula</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Irreducible case</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>a particular case in the solution of a cubic equation, in which the formula commonly employed contains an imaginary quantity, and therefore fails in its application.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ir`re*du"ci*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- -- <wf>Ir`re*du"ci*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Irreflection</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*flec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of reflection.</def>

<h1>Irreflective</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*flect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not reflective.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Irrefromable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*from"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being reformed; incorrigible.</def>

<i>Joseph Cook.</i>

<h1>Irrefragability</h1>
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<hw>Ir*ref`ra*ga*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being irrefragable; incapability of being refuted.</def>

<h1>Irrefragable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*ref"ra*ga*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>irr\'82fragable</ets>, L. <ets>irrefragabilis</ets>. See <er>Refragable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not refragable; not to be gainsaid or denied; not to be refuted or overthrown; unanswerable; incontestable; undeniable; <as>as, an <ex>irrefragable</ex> argument; <ex>irrefragable</ex> evidence.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ir*ref"ra*ga*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Ir*ref"ra*ga*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<syn>Syn. -- Incontrovertible; unanswerable; indisputable; unquestionable; incontestable; indubitable; undeniable; irrefutable.</syn>

<h1>Irrefrangibility</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*fran`gi*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being irrefrangible; irrefrangibleness.</def>

<h1>Irrefrangible</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*fran"gi*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not refrangible; that can not be refracted in passing from one medium to another.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ir`re*fran"gi*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Irrefutable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*fut"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irrefutabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irr\'82futable</ets>.  See <er>Refute</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being refuted or disproved; indisputable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ir`re*fut"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Ir`re*fut"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Irregeneracy</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*gen"er*a*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Unregeneracy.</def>

<h1>Irregeneration</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*gen`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An unregenerate state.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Irregular</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*reg"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ir-</ets> not + <ets>regular</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irr\'82gulier</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not regular; not conforming to a law, method, or usage recognized as the general rule; not according to common form; not conformable to nature, to the rules of moral rectitude, or to established principles; not normal; unnatural; immethodical; unsymmetrical; erratic; no straight; not uniform; <as>as, an <ex>irregular</ex> line; an <ex>irregular</ex> figure; an <ex>irregular</ex> verse; an <ex>irregular</ex> physician; an <ex>irregular</ex> proceeding; <ex>irregular</ex> motion; <ex>irregular</ex> conduct, etc. Cf. <er>Regular</er>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Mazes intricate,
Eccentric, intervolved, yet regular
Then most when most <b>irregular</b> they seem.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Leading the men of Herefordshire to fight
Against the <b>irregular</b> and wild Glendower.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A flowery meadow through which a clear stream murmured in many <b>irregular</b> meanders.
<i>Jones.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Immethodical; unsystematic; abnormal; unnatural; anomalous; erratic; devious; crooked; eccentric; unsettled; uneven; variable; changeable; mutable; desultory; disorderly; wild; immoderate; intemperate; inordinate; vicious.</syn>

<h1>Irregular</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*reg"u*lar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is not regular; especially, a soldier not in regular service.</def>

<h1>Irregularist</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*reg"u*lar*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is irregular.</def>

<i>Baxter.</i>

<h1>Irregularity</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*reg`u*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Irregularities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>irr\'82gularit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being irregular; that which is irregular.</def>

<h1>Irregularly</h1>
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<hw>Ir*reg"u*lar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an irregular manner.</def>

<h1>Irregulate</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*reg"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make irregular; to disorder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Irregulous</h1>
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<hw>Ir*reg"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lawless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Irrejectable</h1>
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<hw>Ir`re*ject"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That can not be rejected; irresistible.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Irrelapsable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*laps"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not liable to relapse; secure.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Irrelate</h1>
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<hw>Ir`re*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ir<?/<?/<?/ative; unconnected.</def>

<h1>Irrelation</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being irrelative; want of connection or relation.</def>

<h1>Irrelative</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*rel"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not relative; without mutual relations; unconnected.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ir*rel"a*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Irrelative chords</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>those having no common tone.</cd> -- <col>Irrelative repetition</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>the multiplication of parts that serve for a common purpose, but have no mutual dependence or connection.</cd></cs>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Irrelavance</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*rel"a*vance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Irrelevancy.</def>

<h1>Irrelavancy</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*rel"a*van*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being irrelevant; <as>as, the <ex>irrelevancy</ex> of an argument</as>.</def>

<h1>Irrelavant</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*rel"a*vant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not relevant; not applicable or pertinent; not bearing upon or serving to support; foreign; extraneous; <as>as, testimony or arguments <ex>irrelevant</ex> to a case</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ir*rel"a*vant*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Irrelievable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*liev"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not admitting relief; incurable; hopeless.</def>

<h1>Irreligion</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*li"gion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irreligio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irr\'82ligion</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Religion</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being irreligious; want of religion; impiety.</def>

<h1>Irreligionist</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*li"gion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is irreligious.</def>

<h1>Irreligious</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*li"gious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irreligiosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irr\'82ligieux</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of religion; not controlled by religious motives or principles; ungodly. Cf. <er>Impiou<?/<?/<?/<?/</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Shame and reproach are generally the portion of the impious and <b>irreligious</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Indicating a want of religion; profane; wicked; <as>as, <ex>irreligious</ex> speech</as>.</def>

<h1>Irreligiously</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*li"gious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an irreligious manner.</def>

<h1>Irreligiousness</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*li"gious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being irreligious; ungodliness.</def>

<h1>Irremeable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*re"me*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irremeabilis</ets>; pref. <ets>ir-</ets> not + <ets>remeabilis</ets> returning, fr. <ets>remeare</ets>:  cf. F. <ets>irr\'82m\'82able</ets>. See <er>Remeant</er>.]</ety> <def>Admitting no return; <as>as, an <ex>irremeable</ex> way</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Irremediable</h1>
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<hw>Ir`re*me"di*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irremediabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irr\'82m\'82diable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Remediable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not to be remedied, corrected, or redressed; incurable; <as>as, an <ex>irremediable</ex> disease or evil</as>.</def>

<h1>Irremediableness</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*me"di*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being irremediable.</def>

<h1>Irremediably</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*me"di*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner, or to a degree, that precludes remedy, cure, or correction.</def>

<h1>Irremissible</h1>
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<hw>Ir`re*mis"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irremissibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irr\'82missible</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Remissible</er>.]</ety> <def>Not remissible; unpardonable; <as>as, <ex>irremissible</ex> crimes</as>.</def> <i>Burke</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ir`re*mis"si*ble</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Ir`re*mis"si*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Irremission</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Refusal of pardon.</def>

<h1>Irremissive</h1>
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<hw>Ir`re*mis"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not remitting; unforgiving.</def>

<h1>Irremittable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*mit"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not capable of being remitted; irremissible.</def>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Irremobability</h1>
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<hw>Ir`re*mob`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being irremovable; immovableness.</def>

<h1>Irremovable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*mov"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not removable; immovable; inflexible.</def> <i>Shak</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ir`re*mov"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Irremoval</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*mov"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Absence of removal.</def>

<h1>Irremunerable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*mu"ner*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irremunerabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irr\'82mun\'82rable</ets>. See <er>Remunerate</er>.]</ety> <def>Not remunerable; not capable of remuneration.</def>

<h1>Irrenowned</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*nowned"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not renowned.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Irreparability</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*rep`a*ra*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>irr\'82parabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being irreparable; irreparableness.</def>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Irreparable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*rep"a*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irreparabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irr\'82parable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Reparable</er>.]</ety> <def>Not reparable; not capable of being repaired, recovered, regained, or remedied; irretrievable; irremediable; <as>as, an <ex>irreparable</ex> breach; an <ex>irreparable</ex> loss.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Irreparableness</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*rep"a*ra*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being irreparable.</def>

<h1>Irreparably</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*rep"a*ra*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an irreparable manner.</def>

<h1>Irrepealability</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*peal`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being irrepealable.</def>

<h1>Irrepealable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*peal"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not repealable; not capable of being repealed or revoked, as a law.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ir`re*peal"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Ir`re*peal"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Irrepentance</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*pent"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of repentance; impenitence.</def>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Irrepleviable, Irreplevisable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw><hw>Ir`re*plev"i*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ir`re*plev"i*sa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Not capable of being replevied.</def>

<h1>Irreprehensible</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*rep`re*hen"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irreprehensibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irr\'82pr\'82hensible</ets>. See <er>Reprehensible</er>.]</ety> <def>Not reprehensible; blameless; innocent.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ir*rep`re*hen"si*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Ir*rep`re*hen"si*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Irrepresentable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*rep`re*sent"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not capable of being represented or portrayed.</def>

<h1>Irrepressible</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*press"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not capable of being repressed, restrained, or controlled; <as>as, <ex>irrepressible</ex> joy; an <ex>irrepressible</ex> conflict.</as></def>

<i>W. H. Steward.</i>

<h1>Irrepressibly</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*press"i*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner or to a degree that can not be repressed.</def>

<h1>Irreproachable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*proach"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ir-</ets> not + <ets>reproachable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irr\'82prochable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not reproachable; above reproach; not deserving reproach; blameless.</def>

<blockquote>He [Berkely] erred, -- and who is free from error? -- but his intentions were <b>irreproachable</b>.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Irreproachableness</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*proach"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being irreproachable; integrity; innocence.</def>

<h1>Irreproachably</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*proach"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an irreproachable manner; blamelessly.</def>

<h1>Irreprovable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*prov"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being justly reproved; irreproachable; blameless; upright.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ir`re*prov"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Ir`re*prov"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Irreptitious</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`rep*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irrepere</ets>, <ets>irreptum</ets>, to creep in; pref. <ets>ir-</ets> in + <ets>repere</ets> to creep.]</ety> <def>Surreptitious; spurious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. Castell (1673).</i>

<h1>Irreputable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*rep"u*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disreputable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Irresilient</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*sil"i*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not resilient; not recoiling or rebounding; inelastic.</def>

<h1>Irresistance</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*sist"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Nonresistance; passive submission.</def>

<h1>Irresistibility</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*sist`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>irr\'82sistibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being irrestible, irresistibleness.</def>

<h1>Irresistible</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*sist"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ir-</ets> not + <ets>resistible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irr\'82sistible</ets>.]</ety> <def>That can not be successfully resisted or opposed; superior to opposition; resistless; overpowering; <as>as, an <ex>irresistible</ex> attraction</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>irresistible</b> law of our nature impels us to seek happiness.
<i>J. M. Mason.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Irresistibleness</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*sist"i*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being irrestible.</def>

<h1>Irresistibly</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*sist"i*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an irrestible manner.</def>

<h1>Irresistless</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*sist"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Irresistible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Irresoluble</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*res"o*lu*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irresolubilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irr\'82soluble</ets>. See <er>Resoluble</er>, and cf. <er>Irresolvable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Incapable of being dissolved or resolved into parts; insoluble.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Incapable of being relieved or assisted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The second is in the <b>irresoluble</b> condition of our souls after a known sin committed.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Irresolubleness</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*res"o*lu*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being irresoluble; insolubility.</def>

<h1>Irresolute</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*res"o*lute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ir-</ets> not + <ets>resolute</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irr\'82solu</ets>, L. <ets>irresolutus</ets> not loosened.]</ety> <def>Not resolute; not decided or determined; wavering; given to doubt or irresolution.</def>

<blockquote>Weak and <b>irresolute</b> is man.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Wavering; vacillating; undetermined; undecided; unsettled; fickle; changeable; inconstant.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ir*res"o*lute*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ir*res"o*lute*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Irresolution</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir*res`o*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>irr\'82solution</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of resolution; want of decision in purpose; a fluctuation of mind, as in doubt, or between hope and fear; irresoluteness; indecision; vacillation.</def>

<blockquote><b>Irresolution</b> on the schemes of life which offer themselves to our choice, and inconstancy in pursuing them, are the greatest causes of all unhappiness.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Irresolvability</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*solv`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being irresolvable; irresolvableness.</def>

<h1>Irresolvable</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*solv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ir-</ets> not + <ets>resolvable</ets>. Cf. <er>Irresoluble</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being resolved; not separable into component parts.</def>

<cs><col>Irresolvable nebul\'91</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>nebul\'91 of a cloudlike appearance, which have not yet been resolved by the telescope into stars.</cd></cs><-- Which are often galaxies: see under Galaxy "the term has recently [1890] been used for remote clusters of stars" -->

<i>Sir W. Herschel.</i>

<h1>Irresolvableness</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*solv"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being irresolvable; irresolvability.</def>

<h1>Irresolvedly</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*solv"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without settled determination; in a hesitating manner; doubtfully.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Irrespective</h1>
<Xpage=789>

<hw>Ir`re*spec"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without regard for conditions, circumstances, or consequences; unbiased; independent; impartial; <as>as, an <ex>irrespective</ex> judgment</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="790">
Page 790<p>

<blockquote>According to this doctrine, it must be resolved wholly into the absolute, <b>irrespective</b> will of God.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disrespectful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir C. Cornwallis.</i>

<cs><col>Irrespective of</col>, <cd>regardless of; without regard to; as, <i>irrespective of<i> differences.</cd></cs>

<h1>Irrespectively</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`re*spec"tive*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without regard to conditions; not making circumstances into consideration.</def>

<blockquote>Prosperity, considered absolutely and <b>irrespectively</b>, is better and more desirable than adversity.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Irrespirable</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir*res"pi*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irrespirabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irrespirable</ets>. See <er>Respirable</er>.]</ety> <def>Unfit for respiration; not having the qualities necessary to support animal life; <as>as, <ex>irrespirable</ex> air</as>.</def>

<h1>Irresponsibility</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`re*spon`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>irresponsabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of, or freedom from, responsibility or accountability.</def>

<h1>Irresponsible</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`re*spon"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ir-</ets> not + <ets>responsible</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irresponsable</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Nor responsible; not liable or able to answer fro consequences; innocent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not to be trusted; unreliable.</def>

<h1>Irresponsibly</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`re*spon"si*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as not to be responsible.</def>

<h1>Irresponsive</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`re*spon"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not responsive; not able, ready, or inclined to respond.</def>

<h1>Irresuscitable</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`re*sus"ci*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being resuscitated or revived.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ir`re*sus"ci*ta*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Irretention</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`re*ten"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of retaining power; forgetfulness.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Irretentive</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`re*ten"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not retentive; <as>as, an <ex>irretentive</ex> memory</as>.</def>

<h1>Irretraceable</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`re*trace"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being retraced; not retraceable.</def>

<h1>Irretractile</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`re*tract"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not retractile.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not tractile or ductile.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Irretrievable</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`re*triev"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not retrievable; irrecoverable; irreparable; <as>as, an <ex>irretrievable</ex> loss</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Irremediable; incurable; irrecoverable.</syn>

<h1>Irretrievableness</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`re*triev"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being irretrievable.</def>

<h1>Irretrievably</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`re*triev"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an irretrievable manner.</def>

<h1>Irreturnable</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`re*turn"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not to be returned.</def>

<h1>Irrevealable</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`re*veal"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being revealed.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ir`re*veal"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Irreverence</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir*rev"er*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irreverentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irr\'82v\'82rence</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being irreverent; want of proper reverence; disregard of the authority and character of a superior.</def>

<h1>Irreverend</h1>
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<hw>Ir*rev"er*end</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Irreverent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Immodest speech, or <b>irreverend</b> gesture.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Irreverent</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir*rev"er*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irreverens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irr\'82v\'82rent</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Reverent</er>.]</ety> <def>Not reverent; showing a want of reverence; expressive of a want of veneration; <as>as, an <ex>irreverent</ex> babbler; an <ex>irreverent</ex> jest.</as></def>

<h1>Irreverently</h1>
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<hw>Ir*rev"er*ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an irreverent manner.</def>

<h1>Irreversibility</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`re*vers`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being irreversible; irreversibleness.</def>

<h1>Irreversible</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`re*vers"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Incapable of being reversed or turned about or back; incapable of being made to run backward; <as>as, an <ex>irreversible</ex> engine</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Incapable of being reversed, recalled, repealed, or annulled; <as>as, an <ex>irreversible</ex> sentence or decree</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This rejection of the Jews, as it is not universal, so neither is it final and <b>irreversible</b>.
<i>Jortin.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Irrevocable; irrepealable; unchangeable.</syn>

<h1>Irreversibleness</h1>
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<hw>Ir`re*vers"i*ble*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being irreversible.</def>

<h1>Irreversibly</h1>
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<hw>Ir`re*vers"i*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an irreversible manner.</def>

<h1>Irrevocability</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir*rev`o*ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>irr\'82vocabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being irrevocable; irrevocableness.</def>

<h1>Irrevocable</h1>
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<hw>Ir*rev"o*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irrevocabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irr\'82vocable</ets>. See <er>In-</er> not, and <er>Revoke</er>, and cf. <er>Irrevocable</er>.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being recalled or revoked; unchangeable; irreversible; unalterable; <as>as, an <ex>irrevocable</ex> promise or decree; <ex>irrevocable</ex> fate.</as></def>

<blockquote>Firm and <b>irrevocable</b> is my doom.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ir*rev"o*ca*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Ir*rev"o*ca*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Irrevokable</h1>
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<hw>Ir`re*vok"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ir-</ets> not + <ets>revoke</ets>.]</ety> <def>Irrevocable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Irrevoluble</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir*rev"o*lu*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That has no finite period of revolution; not revolving.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The dateless and <b>irrevocable</b> circle of eternity.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Irrhetorical</h1>
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<hw>Ir`rhe*tor"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not rethorical.</def>

<h1>Irrigate</h1>
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<hw>Ir"ri*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>   <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Irrigated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Irrigating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>irrigatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>irrigare</ets> to irrigate: <ets>ir-</ets> in + <ets>rigare</ets> to water; prob. akin to E. <ets>rain</ets>. See <er>Rain</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To water; to wet; to moisten with running or dropping water; to bedew.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>To water, as land, by causing a stream to flow upon, over, or through it, as in artificial channels.</def>

<h1>Irrigation</h1>
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<hw>Ir`ri*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irrigatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irrigation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of irrigating, or the state of being irrigated; especially, the operation of causing water to flow over lands, for nourishing plants.</def>

<h1>Irriguous</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir*rig"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irriguus</ets>. See <er>Irrigate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Watered; watery; moist; dewy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The flowery lap
Of some <b>irriguous</b> valley spreads her store.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gently penetrating or pervading.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Philips.</i>

<h1>Irrisible</h1>
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<hw>Ir*ris"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ir-</ets> not + <ets>risible</ets>. See <er>Irrision</er>.]</ety> <def>Not risible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Irrision</h1>
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<hw>Ir*ri"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irrisio</ets>, fr. <ets>irridere</ets>, <ets>irrisum</ets>. to laugh at; pref. <ets>ir-</ets> in + <ets>ridere</ets> to laugh: cf. F. <ets>irrision</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of laughing at another; derision.</def>

<blockquote>This being spoken <b>sceptic\'8a</b>, or by way of <b>irrision</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Irritability</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`ri*ta*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irritabilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irritabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being irritable; quick excitability; petulance; fretfulness; <as>as, <ex>irritability</ex> of temper</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A natural susceptibility, characteristic of all living organisms, tissues, and cells, to the influence of certain stimuli, response being manifested in a variety of ways, -- as that quality in plants by which they exhibit motion under suitable stimulation; esp., the property which living muscle processes, of responding either to a direct stimulus of its substance, or to the stimulating influence of its nerve fibers, the response being indicated by a change of form, or contraction; contractility.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition of morbid excitability of an organ or part of the body; undue susceptibility to the influence of stimuli. See <er>Irritation</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Irritable</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir"ri*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irritabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irritable</ets>. See <er>Irritate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being irriated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Very susceptible of anger or passion; easily inflamed or exasperated; <as>as, an <ex>irritable</ex> temper</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Vicious, old, and <b>irritable</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Endowed with irritability; susceptible of irritation; capable of being excited to action by the application of certain stimuli.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Susceptible of irritation; unduly sensitive to irritants or stimuli. See <er>Irritation</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Excitable; irascible; touchy; fretful; peevish.</syn>

<h1>Irritableness</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir"ri*ta*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Irritability.</def>

<h1>Irritably</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir"ri*ta*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an irritable manner.</def>

<h1>Irritancy</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir"ri*tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From 1st <er>Irritant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The state or quality of being null and void; invalidity; forfeiture.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Irritancy</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir"ri*tan*cy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From 2d <er>Irritant</er>.]</ety> <def>The state o quality of being irritant or irritating.</def>

<h1>Irritant</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir"ri*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>irritants</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>irritare</ets> to make null, fr. L. <ets>irritus</ets> void; pref. <ets>ir-</ets> not + <ets>ratus</ets> established.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>Rendering null and void; conditionally invalidating.</def>

<blockquote>The states elected Harry, Duke of Anjou, for their king, with this clause <b>irritant</b>; that, if he did violate any part of his oath, the people should owe him no allegiance.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Irritant</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir"ri*tant</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irritans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>irritare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irritant</ets>. See <er>Irritate</er> to excite.]</ety> <def>Irritating; producing irritation or inflammation.</def>

<h1>Irritant</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir"ri*tant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>irritant</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which irritates or excites.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol. & Med.)</fld> <def>Any agent by which irritation is produced; <as>as, a chemical <ex>irritant</ex>; a mechanical or electrical <ex>irritant</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Toxicology)</fld> <def>A poison that produces inflammation.</def>

<cs><col>Counter irritant</col>. <cd>See under <er>Counter</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pure irritant</col> <fld>(Toxicology)</fld>, <cd>a poison that produces inflammation without any corrosive action upon the tissues.</cd></cs>

<h1>Irritate</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir"ri*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See 1 st <er>Irritant</er>.]</ety> <def>To render null and void.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Abp. Bramhall.</i>

<h1>Irritate</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir"ri*tate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Irritated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Irritating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>irritatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>irritare</ets>. Of doubtful origin.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To increase the action or violence of; to heighten excitement in; to intensify; to stimulate.</def>

<blockquote>Cold maketh the spirits vigorous and <b>irritateth</b> them.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To excite anger or displeasure in; to provoke; to tease; to exasperate; to annoy; to vex; <as>as, the insolence of a tyrant <ex>irritates</ex> his subjects</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Dismiss the man, nor <b>irritate</b> the god:
Prevent the rage of him who reigns above.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To produce irritation in; to stimulate; to cause to contract. See <er>Irritation</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To make morbidly excitable, or oversensitive; to fret; <as>as, the skin is <ex>irritated</ex> by friction; to <ex>irritate</ex> a wound by a coarse bandage.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To fret; inflame; excite; provoke; tease; vex; exasperate; anger; incense; enrage.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Irritate</er>, <er>Provoke</er>, <er>Exasperate</er>. These words express different stages of excited or angry feeling. <i>Irritate</i> denotes an excitement of quick and slightly angry feeling which is only momentary; <as>as, <ex>irritated</ex> by a hasty remark</as>. To <i>provoke</i> implies the awakening of some open expression of decided anger; <as>as, a <ex>provoking</ex> insult</as>. <i>Exasperate</i> denotes a provoking of anger at something unendurable. Whatever comes across our feelings <i>irritates</i>; whatever excites anger <i>provokes</i>; whatever raises anger to a high point <i>exasperates</i>. "Susceptible and nervous people are most easily <i>irritated</i>; proud people are quickly <i>provoked</i>; hot and fiery people are soonest <i>exasperated</i>."
<i>Crabb.</i></usage>

<h1>Irritate</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir"ri*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excited; heightened.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Irritation</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`ri*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irritatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irritation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of irritating, or exciting, or the state of being irritated; excitement; stimulation, usually of an undue and uncomfortable kind; especially, excitement of anger or passion; provocation; annoyance; anger.</def>

<blockquote>The whole body of the arts and sciences composes one vast machinery for the <b>irritation</b> and development of the human intellect.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act of exciting, or the condition of being excited to action, by stimulation; -- as, the condition of an organ of sense, when its nerve is affected by some external body; esp., the act of exciting muscle fibers to contraction, by artificial stimulation; <as>as, the <ex>irritation</ex> of a motor nerve by electricity</as>; also, the condition of a muscle and nerve, under such stimulation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition of morbid excitability or oversensitiveness of an organ or part of the body; a state in which the application of ordinary stimuli produces pain or excessive or vitiated action.</def>

<h1>Irritative</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir"ri*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Serving to excite or irritate; irritating; <as>as, an <ex>irritative</ex> agent</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Accompanied with, or produced by, increased action or irritation; <as>as, an <ex>irritative</ex> fever</as>.</def>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Irritatory</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir"ri*ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Exciting; producing irritation; irritating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hales.</i>

<h1>Irrorate</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir"ro*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Irrorated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Irrorating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>irroratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>irrorare</ets> to bedew; pref. <ets>ir-</ets> in + <ets>ros</ets>, <ets>roris</ets>, dew.]</ety> <def>To sprinkle or moisten with dew; to bedew.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Irrorate</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir"ro*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Covered with minute grains, appearing like fine sand.</def>

<h1>Irroration</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`ro*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>irroration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of bedewing; the state of being moistened with de<?/<?/.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chambers.</i>

<h1>Irrotational</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir`ro*ta"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Not rotatory; passing from one point to another by a movement other than rotation; -- said of the movement of parts of a liquid or yielding mass.</def>

<i>Sir W. Thomson.</i>

<h1>Irrubrical</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir*ru"bric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Contrary to the rubric; not rubrical.</def>

<h1>Irrugate</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir"ru*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irrugatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>irrugare</ets> to wrinkle.]</ety> <def>To wrinkle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Irrupted</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir*rupt"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irruptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>irrumpere</ets> to break in; pref. <ets>ir-</ets> in + <ets>rumpere</ets> to break or burst. See <er>Rupture</er>.]</ety> <def>Broken with violence.</def>

<h1>Irruption</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir*rup"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>irruptio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>irruption</ets>. See <er>Irrupted</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A bursting in; a sudden, violent rushing into a place; <as>as, <ex>irruptions</ex> of the sea</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Lest evil tidings, with too rude <b>irruption</b>
Hitting thy aged ear, should pierce too deep.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sudden and violent inroad, or entrance of invaders; <as>as, the <ex>irruptions</ex> of the Goths into Italy</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Invasion; incursion; inroad. See <er>Invasion</er>.</syn>

<h1>Irruptive</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir*rup"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rushing in or upon.</def>

<h1>Irvingite</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Ir"ving*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The common designation of one a sect founded by the Rev. Edward Irving (about 1830), who call themselves the Catholic Apostolic Church. They are highly ritualistic in worship, have an elaborate hierarchy of apostles, prophets, etc., and look for the speedy coming of Christ.</def>

<h1>Is-</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Is-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. See <er>Iso-</er>.</def>

<h1>Is</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>is</ets>; akin to G. & Goth. <ets>ist</ets>, L. <ets>est</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>asti</ets>. <ets><?/<?/</ets>. Cf. <er>Am</er>, <er>Entity</er>, <er>Essence</er>, <er>Absent</er>.]</ety> <def>The third person singular of the substantive verb <i>be</i>, in the indicative mood, present tense; <as>as, he <ex>is</ex>; he <ex>is</ex> a man</as>.  See <er>Be</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; In some varieties of the Northern dialect of Old English, <i>is</i> was used for all persons of the singular.</note>

<blockquote>For thy <b>is</b> I come, and eke Alain.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Aye <b>is</b> thou merry.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The idiom of using the present for future events sure to happen is a relic of Old English in which the present and future had the same form; as, this year Christmas <i>is</i> on Friday.</note>

<blockquote>To-morrow <b>is</b> the new moon.
<i>1 Sam. xx. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Isabel, n., Isabel color</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw><hw>Is"a*bel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Is"a*bel col"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw><ety>[F. <ets>isabelle</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Isabella</er>.</def>

<h1>Isabella, n., Isabella color</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw><hw>Is`a*bel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Is`a*bel"la col"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <ety>[Said to be named from the Spanish princess <ets>Isabella</ets>, daughter of king Philip II., in allusion to the color assumed by her shift, which she wore without change from 1601 to 1604, in consequence of a vow made by her.]</ety> <def>A brownish yellow color.</def>

<h1>Isabella grape</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Is`a*bel"la grape`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A favorite sweet American grape of a purple color. See <cref>Fox grape</cref>, under Fox.</def>

<h1>Isabella moth</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Is`a*bel"la moth`</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A common American moth (<spn>Pyrrharctia isabella</spn>), of an isabella color. The larva, called <cref>woolly bear</cref> and <cref>hedgehog caterpillar</cref>, is densely covered with hairs, which are black at each end of the body, and red in the middle part.</def>

<h1>Isabelline</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>Is`a*bel"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of an isabel or isabella color.</def>

<h1>Isagelous &imac;s&acr;g&ecr;l&ucr;s, a. <ety>[<ets>Is-</ets> + Gr. <grk>agelos</grk> information.]</ety> <def>Containing the same information, as <ex>isagelous</ex> sentences</as>.</def> The coded message and the original, though appearing entirely unlike, are completely <i>isagelous</i>. <i>Bacon</i> The complementary strands have <i>isagelous</i> sequences. <i>J. D. Watson.</i> -- <def2>Isagel</h1>
<Xpage=790>

<hw>I*sag"e*lous</hw> <tt>(&imac;*s&acr;g"&ecr;*l&ucr;s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Is-</ets> + Gr. <grk>a`gelos</grk> information.]</ety> <def>Containing the same information, as <ex>isagelous</ex> sentences</as>.</def> "The coded message and the original, though appearing entirely unlike, are completely <i>isagelous</i>." <i>Bacon</i> "The complementary strands have <i>isagelous</i> sequences." <i>J. D. Watson.</i> -- <def2><hw>Is"a*gel</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of two or more objects containing the same information.</def></def2>

<h1>Isagoge</h1>
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<hw>I"sa*goge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Fr. <?/, fr. <?/ to introduce; <?/ into + <?/ to lead.]</ety> <def>An introduction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harris.</i>

<h1>Isagogic, Isagogical</h1>
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<hw><hw>I"sa*gog"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>I"sa*gog"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>isagogicus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Introductory; especially, introductory to the study of theology.</def>

<h1>Isagogics</h1>
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<hw>I"sa*gog"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>That part of theological science directly preliminary to actual exegesis, or interpretation of the Scriptures.</def>

<h1>Isagon</h1>
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<hw>I"sa*gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ equal + <?/ angle: cf. F. <ets>isagone</ets>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A figure or polygon whose angles are equal.</def>

<h1>Isapostolic</h1>
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<hw>Is*ap`os*tol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Having equal, or almost equal, authority with the apostles of their teachings.</def>

<h1>Isatic, Isatinic</h1>
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<hw><hw>I*sat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>I`sa*tin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, isatin; <as>as, <ex>isatic</ex> acid, which is also called <ex>trioxindol</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Isatide</h1>
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<hw>I"sa*tide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline substance obtained by the partial reduction of isatin.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>isatyde</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Isatin</h1>
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<hw>I"sa*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Isatis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An orange-red crystalline substance, <chform>C8H5NO2</chform>, obtained by the oxidation of indigo blue. It is also produced from certain derivatives of benzoic acid, and is one important source of artificial indigo.</def> <altsp>[Written also, less properly, <asp>isatine</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Isatis</h1>
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<hw>I"sa*tis</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a kind of plant, Gr. <?/ woad.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbs, some species of which, especially the <spn>Isatis tinctoria</spn>, yield a blue dye similar to indigo; woad.</def>

<h1>Isatogen</h1>
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<hw>I*sat"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Isat</ets>in + -<ets>gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A complex nitrogenous radical, <chform>C8H4NO2</chform>, regarded as the essential residue of a series of compounds, related to isatin, which easily pass by reduction to indigo blue.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>I*sat`o*gen"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> </wordforms>

<h1>Isatropic</h1>
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<hw>I`sa*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Is-</ets> + <ets>atrop</ets>ine.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from atropine, and isomeric with cinnamic acid.</def>

<h1>Ischias</h1>
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<hw>Is"chi*as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ischial</er>.</def>

<h1>Ischiadic</h1>
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<hw>Is`chi*ad"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ischiadicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ the hip joint, hip or loin. Cf. <er>Sciatic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Ischial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<cs><mcol><col>Ischiadic</col> <col>passion &or; disease</col></mcol> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a rheumatic or neuralgic affection of some part about the hip joint; -- called also <altname>sciatica</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ischial</h1>
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<hw>Is"chi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the ischium or hip; ischiac; ischiadic; ischiatic.</def>

<cs><col>Ischial callosity</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the patches of thickened hairless, and often bright-colored skin, on the buttocks of many apes, as the drill.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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Page 791<p>

<h1>Ischiatic</h1>
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<hw>Is`chi*at"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Ishial</er>.</def>

<h1>Ischiocapsular</h1>
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<hw>Is`chi*o*cap"su*lar</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ischium</ets> + <ets>capsular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the ischium and the capsule of the hip joint; <as>as, the <ex>ischiocapsular</ex> ligament</as>.</def>

<h1>Ischiocerite</h1>
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<hw>Is`chi*o*ce"rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the hip + <?/ a horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The third joint or the antenn\'91 of the Crustacea.</def>

<h1>Ischion, Ischium</h1>
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<hw><hw>Is"chi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Is"chi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The ventral and posterior of the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis; seat bone; the huckle bone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the pleur\'91 of insects.</def>

<h1>Ischiopodite</h1>
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<hw>Is`chi*op"o*dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the hip joint + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The third joint of the typical appendages of Crustacea.</def>

<h1>Ischiorectal</h1>
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<hw>Is`chi*o*rec"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ischium</ets> + <ets>rectal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the region between the rectum and ishial tuberosity.</def>

<h1>Ischuretic</h1>
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<hw>Is`chu*ret"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the quality of relieving ischury.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An ischuretic medicine.</def></def2>

<h1>Ischury</h1>
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<hw>Is"chu*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ischuria</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ to hold, check + <?/ urine: cf. F. <ets>ischurie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A retention or suppression of urine.</def>

<h1>-ise</h1>
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<hw>-ise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. See <er>-ize</er>.</def>

<h1>Isentropic</h1>
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<hw>I`sen*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Is-</ets> + <ets>entropy</ets> + -<ets>ic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Having equal entropy.</def>

<cs><col>Isentropic lines</col>, <cd>lines which pass through points having equal entropy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Isethionic</h1>
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<hw>I*seth`i*on"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Is-</ets> + <ets>ethionic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid, <chform>HO.C2H4.SO3H</chform>, obtained as an oily or crystalline substance, by the action of sulphur trioxide on alcohol or ether. It is derivative of sulphuric acid.</def>

<h1>-ish</h1>
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<hw>-ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[AS. -<ets>isc</ets>; akin to G. -<ets>isch</ets>, OHG. -<ets>isc</ets>, Goth. & Dan. -<ets>isk</ets>, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>-esque</er>.]</ety> <def>A suffix used to from adjectives from nouns and from adjectives. It denotes <i>relation</i>, <i>resemblance</i>, <i>similarity</i>, and sometimes has a <i>diminutive</i> force; <as>as, self<ex>ish</ex>, boy<ex>ish</ex>, brut<ex>ish</ex>; whit<ex>ish</ex>, somewhat white.</as></def>

<h1>-ish</h1>
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<hw>-ish</hw>. <ety>[OE. -<ets>issen</ets>, fr. F. -<ets>is</ets>, -<ets>iss-</ets> (found in the present particle, etc., of certain verbs, as <ets>finir</ets> to finish, <ets>fleurir</ets> to flourish), corresponding to L. -<ets>escere</ets>, an inchoative ending.]</ety> <def>A verb ending, originally appearing in certain verbs of French origin; <as>as, abol<ex>ish</ex>, cher<ex>ish</ex>, fin<ex>ish</ex>, furn<ex>ish</ex>, garn<ex>ish</ex>, impover<ex>ish</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Ishmaelite</h1>
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<hw>Ish"ma*el*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A descendant of Ishmael (the son of Abraham and Hagar), of whom it was said, "His hand will be against every man, and every man's hand against him."</def>

<i>Gen. xvi. 12.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One at enmity with society; a wanderer; a vagabond; an outcast.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>See <er>Ismaelian</er>.</def>

<h1>Ishmaelitish</h1>
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<hw>Ish"ma*el*i`tish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an Ishmaelite or the Ishmaelites.</def>

<h1>Isiac</h1>
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<hw>I"si*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Isiacus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the goddess Isis; <as>as, <ex>Isiac</ex> mysteries</as>.</def>

<h1>Isicle</h1>
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<hw>I"si*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A icicle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Isidorian</h1>
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<hw>Is`i*do"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining, or ascribed, to Isidore; <as>as, the <ex>Isidorian</ex> decretals, a spurious collection of decretals published in the ninth century</as>.</def>

<h1>Isinglass</h1>
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<hw>I"sin*glass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. corrupted fr. D. <ets>huizenblas</ets> (akin to G. <ets>hausenblase</ets>), lit., bladder of the huso, or large sturgeon; <ets>huizen</ets> sturgeon  + <ets>blas</ets> bladder. Cf. <er>Bladder</er>, <er>Blast</er> a gust of wind.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A semitransparent, whitish, and very pure from of gelatin, chiefly prepared from the sounds or air bladders of various species of sturgeons (as the <spn>Acipenser huso</spn>) found in the of Western Russia. It used for making jellies, as a clarifier, etc. Cheaper forms of gelatin are not unfrequently so called. Called also <altname>fish glue</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A popular name for mica, especially when in thin sheets.</def>

<h1>Isis</h1>
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<hw>I"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the goddess Isis, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>The principal goddess worshiped by the Egyptians. She was regarded as the mother of Horus, and the sister and wife of Osiris. The Egyptians adored her as the goddess of fecundity, and as the great benefactress of their country, who instructed their ancestors in the art of agriculture.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any coral of the genus Isis, or family <i>Isid\'91</i>, composed of joints of white, stony coral, alternating with flexible, horny joints. See <er>Gorgoniacea</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of the asteroids.</def>

<h1>Islam</h1>
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<hw>Is"lam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>isl\'bem</ets> obedience to the will of God, submission, humbling one's self, resigning one's self to the divine disposal. Cf. <er>Moslem</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The religion of the Mohammedans; Mohammedanism; Islamism. Their formula of faith is: There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The whole body of Mohammedans, or the countries which they occupy.</def>

<h1>Islamism</h1>
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<hw>Is"lam*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>islamisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The faith, doctrines, or religious system of the Mohammedans; Mohammedanism; Islam.</def>

<h1>Islamite</h1>
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<hw>Is"lam*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Mohammedan.</def>

<h1>Islamitic</h1>
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<hw>Is`lam*it"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Islam; Mohammedan.</def>

<h1>Islamize</h1>
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<hw>Is"lam*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Islamized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Islamizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To conform, or cause to conform, to the religion of Islam.</def>

<h1>Island</h1>
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<hw>Is"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>iland</ets>, <ets>yland</ets>, AS. <ets>\'c6gland</ets>, <ets><?/gland</ets>, <ets><?/glond</ets>; <ets>\'c6g</ets>, <ets><?/g</ets>, island + <ets>land</ets>, <ets>lond</ets>, land. AS. <ets>\'c6g</ets>, <ets><?/g</ets>, is akin to AS. <ets>e\'a0</ets> water, river, OHG. <ets><?/uwa</ets>, G. <ets>au</ets> meadow, Icel. <ets>ey</ets> island, Dan. & Sw. <ets>\'94</ets>, Goth. <ets>ahwa</ets> a stream, water, L. <ets>aqua</ets> water. The <ets>s</ets> is due to confusion with <ets>isle</ets>. Cf. <er>Ait</er>, <er>Eyot</er>, <er>Ewer</er>, <er>Aquatic</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A tract of land surrounded by water, and smaller than a continent. Cf. <er>Continent</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything regarded as resembling an island; <as>as, an <ex>island</ex> of ice</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Isle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<cs><col>Islands of the blessed</col> <fld>(Myth.)</fld>, <cd>islands supposed to lie in the Western Ocean, where the favorites of the gods are conveyed at death, and dwell in everlasting joy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Island</h1>
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<hw>Is"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to become or to resemble an island; to make an island or islands of; to isle.</def>

<i>Shelley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with an island or with islands; <as>as, to <ex>island</ex> the deep</as>.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Islander</h1>
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<hw>Is"land*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inhabitant of an island.</def>

<h1>Islandy</h1>
<Xpage=791>

<hw>Is"land*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to islands; full of islands.</def>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Isle</h1>
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<hw>Isle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Obs</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Aisle</er>.</def>

<h1>Isle</h1>
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<hw>Isle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>isle</ets>, F. <ets>\'8cle</ets>, L. <ets>insula</ets>; cf. Lith. <ets>sala</ets>. Cf. <er>Insulate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An island.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Imperial rule of all the seagirt <b>isles</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spot within another of a different color, as upon the wings of some insects.</def>

<h1>Isle</h1>
<Xpage=791>

<hw>Isle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to become an island, or like an island; to surround or encompass; to island.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Isled</b> in sudden seas of light.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Islet</h1>
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<hw>Is"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>islette</ets> (cf. F. <ets>\'8clot</ets>), dim. of <ets>isle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little island.</def>

<h1>-ism</h1>
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<hw>-ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. -<ets>isme</ets>, or L. -<ets>ismus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A suffix indicating an <i>act</i>, a <i>process</i>, the <i>result of an act or a process</i>, a <i>state</i>; also, a <i>characteristic</i> (as a theory, doctrine, idiom, etc.); <as>as, bapt<ex>ism</ex>, galvan<ex>ism</ex>, organ<ex>ism</ex>, hypnot<ex>ism</ex>, social<ex>ism</ex>, sensual<ex>ism</ex>, Anglic<ex>ism</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Ism</h1>
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<hw>Ism</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>ism</er>, above.]</ety> <def>A doctrine or theory; especially, a wild or visionary theory.</def>

<i>E. Everett.</i>

<blockquote>The world grew light-headed, and forth came a spawn of <b>isms</b> which no man can number.
<i>S. G. Goodrich.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ismaelian, Ismaelite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Is`ma*e"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Is"ma*el*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of Mohammedans who favored the pretensions of the family of Mohammed ben Ismael, of the house Ali.</def>

<h1>Iso-, Is-</h1>
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<hw><hw>I"so-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Is-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw><ety>[Gr. <grk>'i`sos</grk> equal.]</ety> <def>A prefix or combining form, indicating <i>identity</i>, or <i>equality</i>; <i>the same numerical value</i>; as in <i>iso</i>pod, <i>iso</i>morphous, <i>iso</i>chromatic</def>. Specif.: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Applied to certain compounds having the same composition but different properties; as in <i>iso</i>cyanic</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Organic Chem.)</fld> <def>Applied to compounds of certain isomeric series in whose structure one carbon atom, at least, is connected with three other carbon atoms; -- contrasted with <i>neo-</i> and <i>normal</i>; as in <i>iso</i>paraffine; <i>iso</i>pentane.</def>

<h1>Isobar</h1>
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<hw>I"so*bar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ weight.]</ety> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld> <def>A line connecting or marking places upon the surface of the earth where height of the barometer reduced to sea level is the same either at a given time, or for a certain period (mean height), as for a year; an isopiestic line.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>isobare</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Isobaric</h1>
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<hw>I`so*bar"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld> <def>Denoting equal pressure; <as>as, an <ex>isobaric</ex> line; specifically, of or pertaining to isobars.</as></def>

<h1>Isobar</h1>
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<hw>I"so*bar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being equal in weight, especially in atmospheric pressure. Also, the theory, method, or application of isobaric science.</def>

<h1>Isobarometric</h1>
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<hw>I`so*bar`o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso</ets> + <ets>barometric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld> <def>Indicating equal barometric pressure.</def>

<h1>Isobathytherm</h1>
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<hw>I`so*bath"y*therm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ deep + <?/ heat.]</ety> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld> <def>A line connecting the points on the surface of the earth where a certain temperature is found at the same depth.</def>

<h1>Isobathythermic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*bath"y*ther"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an isobathytherm; possessing or indicating the same temperature at the same depth.</def>

<h1>Isocephalism</h1>
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<hw>I`so*ceph"a*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ like-headed. See <er>Iso-</er>, and <er>Cephalon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Art)</fld> <def>A peculiarity in the design of bas-relief by which the heads of human figures are kept at the same height from the ground, whether the personages are seated, standing, or mounted on horseback; -- called also <altname>isokephaleia</altname>.</def>

<h1>Isochasm</h1>
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<hw>I"so*chasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + <ets>chasm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld> <def>A line connecting places on the earth's surface at which there is the same mean frequency of auroras.</def>

<h1>Isochasmic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*chas"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Indicating equal auroral display; <as>as, an <ex>isochasmic</ex> line</as>.</def>

<h1>Isocheim</h1>
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<hw>I"so*cheim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, winter.]</ety> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld> <def>A line connecting places on the earth having the same mean winter temperature. Cf. <er>Isothere</er>.</def>

<h1>Isocheimal, Isochimal</h1>
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<hw><hw>I`so*chei"mal</hw>, <hw>I`so*chi"mal</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, having the nature of, or making, isocheims; <as>as, an <ex>isocheimal</ex> line; an <ex>isocheimal</ex> chart.</as></def>

<h1>Isocheimenal, Isochimenal</h1>
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<hw><hw>I`so*chei"me*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>I`so*chi"me*nal</hw><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>The same as <er>Isocheimal</er>.</def>

<h1>Isocheimic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*chei"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>The same as <er>Isocheimal</er>.</def>

<h1>Isochimene</h1>
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<hw>I`so*chi"mene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The same as <er>Isocheim</er>.</def>

<h1>Isochromatic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*chro*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + <ets>chromatic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Having the same color; connecting parts having the same color, as lines drawn through certain points in experiments on the chromatic effects of polarized light in crystals.</def>

<h1>Isochronal</h1>
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<hw>I*soch"ro*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Isochronous</er>.]</ety> <def>Uniform in time; of equal time; performed in equal times; recurring at regular intervals; <i>isochronal</i> vibrations or oscillations.</def>

<h1>Isochronic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*chron"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Isochronal.</def>

<h1>Isochronism</h1>
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<hw>I*soch"ro*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being isochronous.</def>

<h1>Isochronon</h1>
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<hw>I*soch"ro*non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Isochronous</er>.]</ety> <def>A clock that is designed to keep very accurate time.</def>

<h1>Isochronous</h1>
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<hw>I*soch"ro*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ equal + <?/ time.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Isochronal</er>.</def>

<h1>Isochroous</h1>
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<hw>I*soch"ro*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ color.]</ety> <def>Having the same tint or color throughout; uniformly or evenly colored.</def>

<h1>Isoclinal, Isoclinic</h1>
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<hw><hw>I`so*cli"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>I`so*clin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to incline.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to, or indicating, equality of inclination or dip; having equal inclination or dip.</def>

<cs><col>Isoclinal lines</col> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld>, <cd>lines on the earth's surface connecting places at which a dipping needle indicates the same inclination or dip.</cd></cs>

<h1>Isocrymal</h1>
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<hw>I`so*cry"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, having the nature of, or illustrating, an isocryme; <as>as, an <ex>isocrymal</ex> line; an <ex>isocrymal</ex> chart.</as></def>

<h1>Isocryme</h1>
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<hw>I"so*cryme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ cold.]</ety> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld> <def>A line connecting points on the earth's surface having the same mean temperature in the coldest month of the year.</def>

<h1>Isocrymic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*crym"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Isocrymal.</def>

<h1>Isocyanic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*cy*an"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + <ets>cyanic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Designating an acid isomeric with cyanic acid.</def>

<cs><col>Isocyanic acid</col>, <cd>an acid metameric with cyanic acid, and resembling it in its salts. It is obtained as a colorless, mobile, unstable liquid by the heating cyanuric acid. Called technically <altname>carbimide</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Isocyanuric</h1>
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<hw>I`so*cy`a*nu"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + <ets>cyanuric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Designating, or pertaining to, an acid isomeric with cyanuric acid, and called also <i>fulminuric acid</i>. See under <er>Fulminuric</er>.</def>

<h1>Isodiabatic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*di`a*bat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to pass through.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the reception or the giving out of equal quantities of heat by a substance.</def>

<i>Rankine.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Isodiabatic lines</col> &or; <col>curves</col></mcol>, <cd>a pair of lines or curves exhibiting, on a diagram of energy, the law of variation of the pressure and density of a fluid, the one during the lowering, and the other during the raising, of its temperature, when the quantity of heat given out by the fluid during any given stage of the one process is equal to the quantity received during the corresponding stage of the other. Such lines are said to be <i>isodiabatic<i> with respect to each other. Compare <er>Adiabatic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Isodiametric</h1>
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<hw>I`so*di`a*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + <ets>diametric</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Developed alike in the directions of the several lateral axes; -- said of crystals of both the tetragonal and hexagonal systems.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the several diameters nearly equal; -- said of the cells of ordinary parenchyma.</def>

<h1>Isodimorphic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*di*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + <ets>dimorphic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Isodimorphous.</def>

<h1>Isodimorphism</h1>
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<hw>I`so*di*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Isomorphism between the two forms severally of two dimorphous substances.</def>

<h1>Isodimorphous</h1>
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<hw>I`so*di*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + <ets>dimorphous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of isodimorphism.</def>

<h1>Isodulcite</h1>
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<hw>I`so*dul"cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + <ets>dulcite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, sugarlike substance, obtained by the decomposition of certain glucosides, and intermediate in nature between the hexacid alcohols (<i>ductile</i>, <i>mannite</i>, etc.) and the glucoses.</def>

<h1>Isodynamic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*dy*nam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + <ets>dynamic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, having, or denoting, equality of force.</def>

<cs><col>Isodynamic foods</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>those foods that produce a similar amount of heat.</cd> -- <col>Isodynamic lines</col> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld>, <cd>lines on the earth's surface connecting places at which the magnetic intensity is the same.</cd></cs>

<h1>Isodynamous</h1>
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<hw>I`so*dy"na*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Isodynamic</er>.]</ety> <def>Of equal force or size.</def>

<h1>Isogeotherm</h1>
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<hw>I`so*ge"o*therm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <grk>gh^</grk> the earth + <grk>qe`rmh</grk> heat.]</ety> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld> <def>A line or curved surface passing beneath the earth's surface through points having the same mean temperature.</def>

<h1>Isogeothermal, Isogeothermic</h1>
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<hw><hw>I`so*ge`o*ther"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>I`so*ge`o*ther"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, having the nature of, or marking, isogeotherms; <as>as, an <ex>isogeothermal</ex> line or surface; as <ex>isogeothermal</ex> chart.</as></def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An isogeotherm.</def></def2>

<h1>Isogonic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*gon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ angle.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or noting, equal angles.</def>

<cs><col>Isogonic lines</col> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld>, <cd>lines traced on the surface of the globe, or upon a chart, connecting places at which the deviation of the magnetic needle from the meridian or true north is the same.</cd></cs>

<h1>Isogonic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*gon"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Characterized by isogonism.</def>

<h1>Isogonism</h1>
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<hw>I*sog"o*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ offspring, generative parts.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The quality of having similar sexual zooids or gonophores and dissimilar hydrants; -- said of certain hydroids.</def>

<h1>Isographic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to isography.</def>

<h1>Isography</h1>
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<hw>I*sog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + -<ets>graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Imitation of another's handwriting,</def>

<h1>Isohyetose</h1>
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<hw>I`so*hy"e*tose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <grk>"yeto`s</grk> rain.]</ety> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to lines connecting places on the earth's surface which have a mean annual rainfall.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An isohyetose line.<-- = isohyet (in MW10) lines with equal rainfall. --></def></def2>
<-- ##sic in original -- should be the *same* mean rainfall? -->

<h1>Isolable</h1>
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<hw>I"so*la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Isolate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Capable of being isolated, or of being obtained in a pure state; <as>as, gold is <ex>isolable</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Isolate</h1>
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<hw>I"so*late</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Isolated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Isolating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[It. <ets>isolato</ets>, p. p. of <ets>isolare</ets> to isolate, fr. <ets>isola</ets> island, L. <ets>insula</ets>. See 2d <er>Isle</er>, and cf. <er>Insulate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To place in a detached situation; to place by itself or alone; to insulate; to separate from others.</def>

<blockquote>Short <b>isolated</b> sentences were the mode in which ancient wisdom delighted to convey its precepts.
<i>Bp. Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>To insulate. See <er>Insulate</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To separate from all foreign substances; to make pure; to obtain in a free state.</def>

<h1>Isolated</h1>
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<hw>I"so*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Placed or standing alone; detached; separated from others.</def>

<cs><col>Isolated point of a curve</col>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Acnode</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Isolatedly</h1>
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<hw>I"so*la`ted*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an isolated manner.</def>

<h1>Isolation</h1>
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<hw>I`so*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>isolation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of isolating, or the state of being isolated; insulation; separation; loneliness.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<hr>
<page="792">
Page 792<p>

<h1>Isolator</h1>
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<hw>I"so*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, isolates.</def>

<h1>Isologous</h1>
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<hw>I*sol"o*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ proportion.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having similar proportions, similar relations, or similar differences of composition; -- said specifically of groups or series which differ by a constant difference; <as>as, ethane, ethylene, an acetylene, or their analogous compounds, form an <ex>isologous</ex> series</as>.</def>

<h1>Isomer</h1>
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<hw>I"so*mer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Isomeric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A body or compound which is isomeric with another body or compound; a member of an isomeric series.</def>

<h1>Isomeric</h1>
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<hw>I`so*mer"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ part: cf. F. <ets>isom\'82rique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having the same percentage composition; -- said of two or more different substances which contain the same ingredients in the same proportions by weight, often used with <i>with</i>. Specif.: <sd>(a)</sd> Polymeric; <it>i. e.</it>, having the same elements united in the same proportion by weight, but with different molecular weights; <as>as, acetylene and benzine are <ex>isomeric</ex> (<ex>polymeric</ex>) with each other in this sense</as>. See <er>Polymeric</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> Metameric; <it>i. e.</it>, having the same elements united in the same proportions by weight, and with the same molecular weight, but which a different structure or arrangement of the ultimate parts; <as>as, ethyl alcohol and methyl ether are <ex>isomeric</ex> (<ex>metameric</ex>) with each other in this sense</as>. See <er>Metameric</er>.</def>

<h1>Isomeride</h1>
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<hw>I*som"er*ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An isomer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Isomerism</h1>
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<hw>I*som"er*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The state, quality, or relation, of two or more isomeric substances.</def>

<cs><col>Physical isomerism</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the condition or relation of certain (<it>metameric<it>) substances, which, while chemically identical (in that they have the same composition, the same molecular weights, and the same ultimate constitution), are yet physically different, as in their action on polarized light, as dextro- and l\'91vo-tartaric acids. In such compounds there is usually at least one unsymmetrical carbon atom. See <er>Unsymmetrical</er>.</cd></cs><-- "metamerism" is no longer used, and "isomerism" is generally applied to this conept. including optical isomerism, the property of optical isomers -->

<h1>Isomeromorphism</h1>
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<hw>I`so*mer`o*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Isomer</ets> + Gr. <?/ form + -<ets>ism</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Isomorphism between substances that are isomeric.</def>

<h1>Isometric, Isometrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>I`so*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>I`so*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ measure.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, equality of measure.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Noting, or conforming to, that system of crystallization in which the three axes are of equal length and at right angles to each other; monometric; regular; cubic. Cf. <er>Crystallization</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Isometric lines</col> <fld>(Thermodynamics)</fld>, <cd>lines representing in a diagram the relations of pressure and temperature in a gas, when the volume remains constant.</cd> -- <col>Isometrical perspective</col>. <cd>See under <er>Perspective</er>.</cd> -- <col>Isometrical projection</col>, <cd>a species of orthographic projection, in which but a single plane of projection is used. It is so named from the fact that the projections of three equal lines, parallel respectively to three rectangular axes, are equal to one another. This kind of projection is principally used in delineating buildings or machinery, in which the principal lines are parallel to three rectangular axes, and the principal planes are parallel to three rectangular planes passing through the three axes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Isomorph</h1>
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<hw>I"so*morph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Isomorphous</er>.]</ety> <def>A substance which is similar to another in crystalline form and composition.</def>

<h1>Isomorphic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Isomorphous.</def>

<h1>Isomorphism</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>I`so*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>isomorphisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A similarity of crystalline form between substances of similar composition, as between the sulphates of barium (<chform>BaSO4</chform>) and strontium (<chform>SrSO4</chform>). It is sometimes extended to include similarity of form between substances of unlike composition, which is more properly called <i>hom\'d2omorphism</i>.</def>

<-- (math): see isomorphic -->

<h1>Isomorphous</h1>
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<hw>I`so*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + -<ets>morphous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of isomorphism.</def>

<h1>Isonandra</h1>
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<hw>I`so*nan"dra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, a man, male.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of sapotaceous trees of India. <spn>Isonandra Gutta</spn> is the principal source of gutta-percha.</def>

<h1>Isonephelic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*ne*phel"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a cloud.]</ety> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld> <def>Having, or indicating, an equal amount of cloudiness for a given period; <as>as, <ex>isonephelic</ex> regions; an <ex>isonephelic</ex> line.</as></def>

<h1>Isonicotine</h1>
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<hw>I`so*nic"o*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + <ets>nicotine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline, nitrogenous base, <chform>C10H14N2</chform>, isomeric with nicotine.</def>

<h1>Isonicotinic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*nic`o*tin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, isonicotine.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid isomeric with nicotinic acid.</def>

<h1>Isonitroso-</h1>
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<hw>I`so*ni*tro"so-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + <ets>nitroso</ets>-.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combining from (also used adjectively), signifying: Pertaining to, or designating, the characteristic, nitrogenous radical, <chform>NOH</chform>, called the <i>isonitroso</i> group.</def>

<h1>Isonomic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*nom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ equal + <?/ law.]</ety> <def>The same, or equal, in law or right; one in kind or origin; analogous; similar.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Isonomy</h1>
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<hw>I*son"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>isonomie</ets>. See <er>Isonomic</er>.]</ety> <def>Equal law or right; equal distribution of rights and privileges; similarity.</def>

<h1>Isopathy</h1>
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<hw>I*sop"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ suffering.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The system which undertakes to cure a disease by means of the virus of the same disease.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The theory of curing a diseased organ by eating the analogous organ of a healthy animal.</def> <i>Mayne</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The doctrine that the power of therapeutics is equal to that of the causes of disease.</def>

<h1>Isopepsin</h1>
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<hw>I`so*pep"sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + <ets>pepsin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Pepsin modified by exposure to a temperature of from 40&deg; to 60&deg; C.</def>

<h1>Isoperimetrical</h1>
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<hw>I`so*per`i*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/  equal + <?/ circumference: cf. F. <ets>isop\'82rim\'8atre</ets>. See <er>Perimeter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Having equal perimeters of circumferences; <as>as, <ex>isoperimetrical</ex> figures or bodies</as>.</def>

<h1>Isoperimetry</h1>
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<hw>I`so*per*im"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The science of figures having equal perimeters or boundaries.</def>

<h1>Isopiestic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*pi*es"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to press.]</ety> <fld>(Thermodynamics)</fld> <def>Having equal pressure.</def>

<cs><col>Isopiestic lines</col>, <cd>lines showing, in a diagram, the relations of temperature and volume, when the elastic force is constant; -- called also <altname>isobars</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Isopleura</h1>
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<hw>I`so*pleu"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Iso-</er>, and <er>Pleura</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A subclass of Gastropoda, in which the body is symmetrical, the right and left sides being equal.</def>

<note>&hand; The intestine terminates at the posterior end of the body, and the gills and circulatory and reproductive organs are paired. It includes the chitons (<spn>Polyplacophora</spn>), together with <spn>Neomenia</spn> and <spn>Ch\'91toderma</spn>, which are wormlike forms without a shell.</note>

<h1>Isopod</h1>
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<hw>I"so*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the legs similar in structure; belonging to the Isopoda.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Isopoda.</def></def2>

<h1>Isopoda</h1>
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<hw>I*sop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Iso-</er>, and <er>-poda</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of sessile-eyed Crustacea, usually having seven pairs of legs, which are all similar in structure.</def>

<note>&hand; The body is usually depressed, with the abdominal segments short, and often consolidated in part. The branchi\'91 are on the abdominal appendages. The group includes the terrestrial pill bugs and sow bugs, with numerous marine forms. See <er>Arthrostrata</er>, <er>Gribble</er>.</note>

<h1>Isopodiform</h1>
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<hw>I`so*pod"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Isopod</ets> + -<ets>form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the shape of an isopod; -- said of the larv\'91 of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Isopodous</h1>
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<hw>I*sop"o*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Isopod</er>.</def>

<h1>Isopogonous</h1>
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<hw>I`so*pog"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ beard.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the two webs equal in breath; -- said of feathers.</def>

<h1>Isoprene</h1>
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<hw>I"so*prene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oily, volatile hydrocarbon, obtained by the distillation of caoutchouc or guttaipercha.</def><-- <chform>C5H8</chform> -- unsaturated, and used to make synthetic rubber by polymerization.  In organic chemistry, viewed conceptually as the building block of the terpene series of hydrocarbons -->

<h1>Isopycnic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*pyc"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <grk>pykno`s</grk> dense.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Having equal density, as different regions of a medium; passing through points at which the density is equal; <as>as, an <ex>isopycnic</ex> line or surface</as>.</def>

<h1>Isopycnic</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>I`so*pyc"nic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A line or surface passing through those points in a medium, at which the density is the same.</def>

<h1>Isorcin</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>I*sor"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + <ets>orcin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline hydrocarbon derivative, metameric with orcin, but produced artificially; -- called also <altname>cresorcin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Isorropic</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>I`sor*rop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>'iso`rropos</grk> in equipoise; <grk>'i`sos</grk> equal + <grk>"roph`</grk> downward inclination or momentum.]</ety> <def>Of equal value.</def>

<cs><col>Isorropic line</col> (in a diagram) <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the locus of all the points for which a specified function has a constant value.</cd></cs>

<i>Newcomb.</i>

<h1>Isosceles</h1>
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<hw>I*sos"ce*les</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <grk>'i`sos</grk> equal + <?/ leg.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Having two legs or sides that are equal; -- said of a triangle.</def>

<h1>Isospondyli</h1>
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<hw>I`so*spon"dy*li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>'i`sos</grk> equal + <?/, <?/, a vertebra.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive order of fishes, including the salmons, herrings, and many allied forms.</def>

<h1>Isospondylous</h1>
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<hw>I`so*spon"dy*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Isospondyli; having the anterior vertebr\'91 separate and normal.</def>

<h1>Isosporic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*spor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing but one kind of spore, as the ferns and Equiseta. Cf. <er>Heterosporic</er>.</def>

<h1>Isostemonous</h1>
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<hw>I`so*stem"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ thread.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having exactly as many stamens as petals.</def>

<h1>Isostemony</h1>
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<hw>I`so*stem"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The quality or state of being isostemonous.</def>

<h1>Isosulphocyanate</h1>
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<hw>I`so*sul`pho*cy"a*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of isosulphocyanic acid.</def>

<h1>Isosulphocyanic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*sul`pho*cy*an"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, <chform>HNCS</chform>, isomeric with sulphocyanic acid.</def>

<h1>Isotheral</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>I*soth"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the nature of an isothere; indicating the distribution of temperature by means of an isothere; <as>as, an <ex>isotheral</ex> chart or line</as>.</def>

<h1>Isothere</h1>
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<hw>I"so*there</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ summer, <?/ to heat.]</ety> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld> <def>A line connecting points on the earth's surface having the same mean summer temperature.</def>

<h1>Isotherm</h1>
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<hw>I"so*therm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ heat, fr. <?/ hot.]</ety> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld> <def>A line connecting or marking points on the earth's surface having the same temperature. This may be the temperature for a given time of observation, or the mean temperature for a year or other period. Also, a similar line based on the distribution of temperature in the ocean.</def>

<h1>Isothermal</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>I`so*ther"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>isotherme</ets>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Relating to equality of temperature.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld> <def>Having reference to the geographical distribution of temperature, as exhibited by means of isotherms; <as>as, an <ex>isothermal</ex> line; an <ex>isothermal</ex> chart.</as></def>

<cs><col>Isothermal line</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An isotherm</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A line drawn on a diagram of energy such that its ordinates represent the pressures of a substance corresponding to various volumes, while the absolute temperature is maintained at a constant value.</cd> -- <col>Isothermal zones</col>, <cd>spaces on opposite sides of the equator having the same mean temperature, and bounded by corresponding isothermal lines.</cd></cs>

<h1>Isothermobath</h1>
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<hw>I`so*ther"mo*bath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ hot + <?/ depth.]</ety> <fld>(Phys. Geog)</fld> <def>A line drawn through points of equal temperature in a vertical section of the ocean.</def>

<h1>Isothermobathic</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>I`so*ther`mo*bath"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an isothermobath; possessing or indicating equal temperatures in a vertical section, as of the ocean.</def>

<h1>Isotherombrose</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>I*soth`er*om"brose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <grk>qe`ros</grk> summer + <grk>'o`mbros</grk> rain.]</ety> <fld>(Phys. Geog)</fld> <def>A line connecting or marking points on the earth's surface, which have the same mean summer rainfall.</def>

<h1>Isotonic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + <ets>tonic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having or indicating, equal tones, or tension.</def>

<cs><col>Isotonic system</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a system consisting of intervals, in which each concord is alike tempered, and in which there are twelve equal semitones.</cd></cs>

<h1>Isotrimorphic</h1>
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<hw>I`so*tri*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Isotrimorphous.</def>

<h1>Isotrimorphism</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>I`so*tri*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ thrice + <?/ form.]</ety> <def>Isomorphism between the three forms, severally, of two trimorphous substances.</def>

<h1>Isotrimorphous</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>I`so*tri*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the quality of isotrimorphism; isotrimorphic.</def>

<h1>Isotropic</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>I`so*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a turning, fr. <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Having the same properties in all directions; specifically, equally elastic in all directions.</def>

<h1>Isotropism</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>I*sot"ro*pism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Isotropy.</def>

<h1>Isotropous</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>I*sot"ro*pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Isotropic.</def>

<h1>Isotropy</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>I*sot"ro*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Uniformity of physical properties in all directions in a body; absence of all kinds of polarity; specifically, equal elasticity in all directions.</def>

<h1>Isouric</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>I`so*u"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + <ets>uric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid, isomeric with uric acid.</def>

<h1>Israelite</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>Is"ra*el*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Isra\'89lites</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, Israel, Heb. <ets>Yisr\'be<?/l</ets>, i. e., champion of God; <ets>s\'ber\'beh</ets> to fight + <ets><?/l</ets> God.]</ety> <def>A descendant of Israel, or Jacob; a Hebrew; a Jew.</def>

<h1>Israelitic, Israelitish</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw><hw>Is`ra*el*it"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Is"ra*el*i`tish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Israel, or to the Israelites; Jewish; Hebrew.</def>

<h1>Issuable</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>Is"su*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Issue</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Leading to, producing, or relating to, an issue; capable of being made an issue at law.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lawful or suitable to be issued; <as>as, a writ <ex>issuable</ex> on these grounds</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Issuable plea</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a plea to the merits, on which the adverse party may take issue and proceed to trial.</cd></cs>

<h1>Issuably</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>Is"su*a*bly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an issuable manner; by way of issue; <as>as, to plead <ex>issuably</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Issuance</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>Is"su*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of issuing, or giving out; <as>as, the <ex>issuance</ex> of an order; the <ex>issuance</ex> of rations, and the like.</as></def>

<h1>Issuant</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>Is"su*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Issuing or coming up; -- a term used to express a charge or bearing rising or coming out of another.</def>

<h1>Issue</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>Is"sue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>issue</ets>, <ets>eissue</ets>, F. <ets>issue</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>issir</ets>, <ets>eissir</ets>, to go out, L. <ets>exire</ets>; <ets>ex</ets> out of, from + <ets>ire</ets> to go, akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>i</ets>., Goth. <ets>iddja</ets> went, used as prefect of <ets>gaggan</ets> to go. Cf. <er>Ambition</er>, <er>Count</er> a nobleman, <er>Commence</er>, <er>Errant</er>, <er>Exit</er>, <er>Eyre</er>, <er>Initial</er>, <er>Yede</er> went.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of passing or flowing out; a moving out from any inclosed place; egress; <as>as, the <ex>issue</ex> of water from a pipe, of blood from a wound, of air from a bellows, of people from a house</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of sending out, or causing to go forth; delivery; issuance; <as>as, the <ex>issue</ex> of an order from a commanding officer; the <ex>issue</ex> of money from a treasury.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which passes, flows, or is sent out; the whole quantity sent forth or emitted at one time; <as>as, an <ex>issue</ex> of bank notes; the daily <ex>issue</ex> of a newspaper.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Progeny; a child or children; offspring. In law, sometimes, in a general sense, all persons descended from a common ancestor; all lineal descendants.</def>

<blockquote>If the king
Should without <b>issue</b> die.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Produce of the earth, or profits of land, tenements, or other property; <as>as, <er>A</er> conveyed to <er>B</er> all his right for a term of years, with all the <ex>issues</ex>, rents, and profits</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A discharge of flux, as of blood.</def>

<i>Matt. ix. 20.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An artificial ulcer, usually made in the fleshy part of the arm or leg, to produce the secretion and discharge of pus for the relief of some affected part.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The final outcome or result; upshot; conclusion; event; hence, contest; test; trial.</def>

<blockquote>Come forth to view
The <b>issue</b> of the exploit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>While it is hot, I 'll put it to the <b>issue</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A point in debate or controversy on which the parties take affirmative and negative positions; a presentation of alternatives between which to choose or decide.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>In pleading, a single material point of law or fact depending in the suit, which, being affirmed on the one side and denied on the other, is presented for determination. See <cref>General issue</cref>, under <er>General</er>, and <cref>Feigned issue</cref>, under <er>Feigned</er>.</def>

<i>Blount. Cowell.</i>

<cs><col>At issue</col>, <cd>in controversy; disputed; opposing or contesting; hence, at variance; disagreeing; inconsistent.</cd>

<blockquote>As much <b>at issue</b> with the summer day
As if you brought a candle out of doors.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

-- <mcol><col>Bank of issue</col>, <col>Collateral issue</col></mcol>, etc. <cd>See under <er>Bank</er>, <er>Collateral</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Issue pea</col>, <cd>a pea, or a similar round body, used to maintain irritation in a wound, and promote the secretion and discharge of pus.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To join</col>, &or; <col>take</col>, <col>issue</col></mcol>, <cd>to take opposing sides in a matter in controversy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Issue</h1>
<Xpage=792>

<hw>Is"sue</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Issued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Issuing</er>.]</wordforms>

<hr>
<page="793">
Page 793<p>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To pass or flow out; to run out, as from any inclosed place.</def>

<blockquote>From it <b>issued</b> forced drops of blood.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To go out; to rush out; to sally forth; <as>as, troops <ex>issued</ex> from the town, and attacked the besiegers</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To proceed, as from a source; <as>as, water <ex>issues</ex> from springs; light <ex>issues</ex> from the sun.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To proceed, as progeny; to be derived; to be descended; to spring.</def>

<blockquote>Of thy sons that shall <b>issue</b> from thee.
<i>2  Kings xx. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To extend; to pass or open; <as>as, the path <ex>issues</ex> into the highway</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To be produced as an effect or result; to grow or accrue; to arise; to proceed; <as>as, rents and profits <ex>issuing</ex> from land, tenements, or a capital stock</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To close; to end; to terminate; to turn out; <as>as, we know not how the cause will <ex>issue</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>In pleading, to come to a point in fact or law, on which the parties join issue.</def>

<h1>Issue</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>Is"sue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To send out; to put into circulation; <as>as, to <ex>issue</ex> notes from a bank</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deliver for use; <as>as, to <ex>issue</ex> provisions</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To send out officially; to deliver by authority; <as>as, to <ex>issue</ex> an order; to <ex>issue</ex> a writ.</as></def>

<h1>Issueless</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>Is"sue*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no issue or progeny; childless.</def> "The heavens . . . have left me <i>issueless</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Issuer</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>Is"su*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who issues, emits, or publishes.</def>

<h1>-ist</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>-ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. -<ets>iste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A noun suffix denoting an <i>agent</i>, or <i>doer</i>, <i>one who practices</i>, a <i>believer in</i>; <as>as, theor<ex>ist</ex>, one who theorizes; social<ex>ist</ex>, one who holds to socialism; sensual<ex>ist</ex>, one given to sensuality.</as></def>

<h1>Is't</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>Is't</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A contraction of <i>is it</i>.</def>

<h1>Isthmian</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>Isth"mi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Isthmius</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Isthmus</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an isthmus, especially to the Isthmus of Corinth, in Greece.</def>

<cs><col>Isthmian games</col> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>one of the four great national festivals of Greece, celebrated on the Isthmus of Corinth in the spring of every alternate year. They consisted of all kinds of athletic sports, wrestling, boxing, racing on foot and in chariots, and also contests in music and poetry. The prize was a garland of pine leaves.</cd></cs>

<h1>Isthmus</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>Isth"mus</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Isthmuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>isthmus</ets>, Gr. <grk>'isqmo`s</grk> a neck, a neck of land between two seas, an isthmus, especially the Isthmus of Corinth; prob. from the root of <grk>'ie`nai</grk> to go; cf. Icel. <ets>ei&edh;</ets> isthmus. See <er>Issue</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>A neck or narrow slip of land by which two continents are connected, or by which a peninsula is united to the mainland; <as>as, the <ex>Isthmus</ex> of Panama; the <ex>Isthmus</ex> of Suez, etc.</as></def>

<cs><col>Isthmus of the fauces</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Fauces</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Istle</h1>
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<hw>Is"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ixtle</er>.</def>

<h1>Isuret</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>I*su"ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Iso-</ets> + <ets>ur</ets>ea.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An artificial nitrogenous base, isomeric with urea, and forming a white crystalline substance; -- called also <altname>isuretine</altname>.</def>

<h1>It</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>It</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>it</ets>, <ets>hit</ets>, AS. <ets>hit</ets>; cf. D. <ets>het</ets>. &root;181. See <er>He</er>.]</ety> <def>The neuter pronoun of the third person, corresponding to the masculine pronoun <i>he</i> and the feminine <i>she</i>, and having the same plural (<i>they</i>, <i>their</i> of <i>theirs</i>, <i>them</i>).</def>

<note>&hand; The possessive form <i>its</i> is modern, being rarely found in the writings of Shakespeare and Milton, and not at all in the original King James's version of the Bible. During the transition from the regular <i>his</i> to the anomalous <i>its</i>, <i>it</i> was to some extent employed in the possessive without the case ending. See <er>His</er>, and <er>He</er>. In Dryden's time <i>its</i> had become quite established as the regular form.</note>

<blockquote>The day present hath ever inough to do with <b>it</b> owne grief.
<i>Genevan Test.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Do, child, go to <b>it</b> grandam, child.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>It</b> knighthood shall do worse. It shall fright all <b>it</b> friends with borrowing letters.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In the course of time, the nature of the neuter sign <it>i</it> in <i>it</i>, the form being found in but a few words, became misunderstood. Instead of being looked upon as an affix, it passed for part of the original word. Hence was formed from <i>it</i> the anomalous genitive <i>it</i>, superseding the Saxon <i>his</i>.</note>

<i>Latham.</i>

<blockquote>The fruit tree yielding fruit after <b>his</b> (its) kind.
<i>Gen. i. 11.</i></blockquote>

<usage><i>It</i> is used, --

<p><b>1.</b> <def>As a substance for any noun of the neuter gender; <as>as, here is the book, take <ex>it</ex> home</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>As a demonstrative, especially at the beginning of a sentence, pointing to that which is about to be stated, named, or mentioned, or referring to that which apparent or well known; <as>as, I saw <ex>it</ex> was John</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>It</b> is I; be not afraid.
<i>Matt. xiv. 27.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Peter heard that <b>it</b> was the Lord.
<i>John xxi. 7.</i></blockquote>

Often, in such cases, as a substitute for a sentence or clause; as, <i>it</i> is thought <i>he will come</i>; <i>it</i> is wrong <i>to do this</i>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>As an indefinite nominative for a impersonal verb; <as>as, <ex>it</ex> snows; <ex>it</ex> rains.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>As a substitute for such general terms as, the state of affairs, the condition of things, and the like; <as>as, how is <ex>it</ex> with the sick man?</as></def>

<blockquote>Think on me when <b>it</b> shall be well with thee.
<i>Gen. xl. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>As an indefinite object after some intransitive verbs, or after a substantive used humorously as a verb; <as>as, to foot <ex>it</ex> (<it>i. e.</it>, to walk)</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The Lacedemonians, at the Straits of Thermopyl\'91, when their arms failed them, fought <b>it</b> out with nails and teeth.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whether the charmer sinner <b>it</b>, or saint <b>it</b>,
If folly grows romantic, I must paint it.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>
<usage>

<cs><col>Its self</col>. <cd>See <er>Itself</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Itacism</h1>
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<hw>I"ta*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>itacisme</ets>. See <er>Etacism</er>, and cf. <er>Iotacism</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Greek Gram.)</fld> <def>Pronunciation of <?/ (eta) as the modern Greeks pronounce it, that is, like <i>e</i> in the English word <i>be</i>. This was the pronunciation advocated by Reu<?/hlin and his followers, in opposition to the etacism of Erasmus. See <er>Etacism</er>.</def>

<blockquote>In all such questions between <?/ and <b>a<?/</b> the confusing element of <b>itacism</b> comes in.
<i>Alford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Itacist</h1>
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<hw>I"ta*cist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>itaciste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who is in favor of itacism.</def>

<h1>Itacolumite</h1>
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<hw>It`a*col"u*mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Itacolumi</ets>, a mountain of Brazil.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A laminated, granular, siliceous rocks, often occurring in regions where the diamond is found.</def>

<h1>Itaconic</h1>
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<hw>It`a*con"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>aconitic</ets>, by transposition of the letters.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, <chform>C5H6O4</chform>, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance by decomposing aconitic and other organic acids.</def>
<-- ITaconic acid: also, methylenesuccynic acid, propylene dicarboxylic acid CH2=C(COOH)CH2.COOH -->

<h1>Itala</h1>
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<hw>It"a*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Fem. of L. <ets>Italus</ets> Italian.]</ety> <def>An early Latin version of the Scriptures (the Old Testament was translated from the Septuagint, and was also called the <altname>Italic version</altname>).</def>

<h1>Italian</h1>
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<hw>I*tal"ian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>italien</ets>, It. <ets>italiano</ets>. Cf. <er>Italic</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Italy, or to its people or language.</def>

<cs><col>Italian cloth</col> <cd>a light material of cotton and worsted; -- called also <altname>farmer's satin</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Italian iron</col>, <cd>a heater for fluting frills.</cd> -- <col>Italian juice</col>, <cd>Calabrian liquorice.</cd></cs>

<h1>Italian</h1>
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<hw>I*tal"ian</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of Italy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The language used in Italy, or by the Italians.</def>

<h1>Italianate</h1>
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<hw>I*tal"ian*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>italianare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To render Italian, or conformable to Italian customs; to Italianize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<h1>Italianate</h1>
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<hw>I*tal"ian*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Italianized; Italianated.</def> "Apish, childish, and <i>Italianate</i>."

<i>Marlowe.</i>

<h1>Italianism</h1>
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<hw>I*tal"ian*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A word, phrase, or idiom, peculiar to the Italians; an Italicism.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attachment to, or sympathy for, Italy.</def>

<h1>Italianize</h1>
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<hw>I*tal"ian*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Italianized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Italianizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>italianiser</ets>, It. <ets>italianizzare</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To play the Italian; to speak Italian.</def>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To render Italian in any respect; to Italianate.</def> "An Englishman <i>Italianized</i>."

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Italic</h1>
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<hw>I*tal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Italicus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>italique</ets>. Cf. <er>Italian</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to Italy or to its people.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Applied especially to a kind of type in which the letters do not stand upright, but slope toward the right; -- so called because dedicated to the States of Italy by the inventor, Aldus Manutius, about the year 1500.</def>

<cs><col>Italic languages</col>, <cd>the group or family of languages of ancient Italy.</cd> -- <col>Italic order</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the composite order. See <er>Composite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Italic school</col>, <cd>a term given to the Pythagorean and Eleatic philosophers, from the country where their doctrines were first promulgated.</cd> -- <col>Italic version</col>. <cd>See <er>Itala</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Italic</h1>
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<hw>I*tal"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Italics</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>An Italic letter, character, or type (see <er>Italic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 2.); -- often in the plural; <as>as, the <ex>Italics</ex> are the author's</as>. Italic letters are used to distinguish words for emphasis, importance, antithesis, etc. Also, collectively, Italic letters.</def>

<h1>Italicism</h1>
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<hw>I*tal"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A phrase or idiom peculiar to the Italian language; to Italianism.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The use of Italics.</def>

<h1>Italicize</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>I*tal"i*cize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Italicized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Italicizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To print in Italic characters; to underline written letters or words with a single line; <as>as, to <ex>Italicize</ex> a word; <ex>Italicizes</ex> too much.</as></def>

<h1>Ita palm</h1>
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<hw>I"ta palm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A magnificent species of palm (<spn>Mauritia flexuosa</spn>), growing near the Orinoco. The natives eat its fruit and buds, drink its sap, and make thread and cord from its fiber.</def>

<h1>Itch</h1>
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<hw>Itch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Itched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Itching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>icchen</ets>, <ets><?/icchen</ets>, AS. <ets>giccan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>jeuken</ets>, <ets>joken</ets>, G. <ets>jucken</ets>, OHG. <ets>jucchen</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To have an uneasy sensation in the skin, which inclines the person to scratch the part affected.</def>

<blockquote>My mouth hath <b>itched</b> all this long day.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have a constant desire or teasing uneasiness; to long for; <as>as, <ex>itching</ex> ears</as>.</def> "An <i>itching</i> palm."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Itch</h1>
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<hw>Itch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An eruption of small, isolated, acuminated vesicles, produced by the entrance of a parasitic mite (the <spn>Sarcoptes scabei</spn>), and attended with itching. It is transmissible by contact.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any itching eruption.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sensation in the skin occasioned (or resembling that occasioned) by the itch eruption; -- called also <altname>scabies</altname>, <altname>psora</altname>, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A constant irritating desire.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>itch</b> of being thought a divine king.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Baker's itch</col>. <cd>See under <er>Baker</er>.</cd> -- <col>Barber's itch</col>, <cd>sycosis.</cd> -- <col>Bricklayer's itch</col>, <cd>an eczema of the hands attended with much itching, occurring among bricklayers.</cd> -- <col>Grocer's itch</col>, <cd>an itching eruption, being a variety of eczema, produced by the sugar mite (<spn>Tyrogluphus sacchari</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Itch insect</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small parasitic mite (<spn>Sarcoptes scabei</spn>) which burrows and breeds beneath the human skin, thus causing the disease known as the itch. See <i>Illust<i>. in Append.</cd> -- <col>Itch mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Itch insect</cref>, above. Also, other similar mites affecting the lower animals, as the horse and ox.</cd> -- <col>Sugar baker's itch</col>, <cd>a variety of eczema, due to the action of sugar upon the skin.</cd> -- <col>Washerwoman's itch</col>, <cd>eczema of the hands and arms, occurring among washerwomen.</cd></cs>

<h1>Itchiness</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>Itch"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being itchy.</def>

<h1>Itchless</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>Itch"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from itching.</def>

<h1>Itchy</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>Itch"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Infected with the itch, or with an itching sensation.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>-ite</h1>
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<hw>-ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A suffix denoting <i>one of a party</i>, a <i>sympathizer with</i> or <i>adherent of</i>, and the like, and frequently used in ridicule; <as>as, a Miller<ex>ite</ex>; a Bentham<ex>ite</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A suffix used in naming minerals; <as>as, chlor<ex>ite</ex>, from its characteristic green color; bar<ex>ite</ex>, from its heaviness; graph<ex>ite</ex>, from its use in writing.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A suffix used to denote the salts formed from those acids whose names end in <i>-ous</i>; <as>as, sulph<ex>ite</ex>, from sulphur<ex>ous</ex>; nitr<ex>ite</ex>, from nitr<ex>ous</ex> acid, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Item</h1>
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<hw>I"tem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>See</ets> <er>Iterate</er>.]</ety> <def>Also; as an additional article.</def>

<h1>Item</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>I"tem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Item</er>, <ets>adv</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An article; a separate particular in an account; <as>as, the <ex>items</ex> in a bill</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hint; an innuendo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A secret <b>item</b> was given to some of the bishops . . . to absent themselves.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A short article in a newspaper; a paragraph; <as>as, an <ex>item</ex> concerning the weather</as>.</def>

<h1>Item</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>I"tem</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Itemed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Iteming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a note or memorandum of.</def>

<blockquote>I have <b>itemed</b> it in my memory.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Itemize</h1>
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<hw>I"tem*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To state in items, or by particulars; <as>as, to <ex>itemize</ex> the cost of a railroad</as>.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Iter</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>I"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Eyre</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A passage; esp., the passage between the third and fourth ventricles in the brain; the aqueduct of Sylvius.</def>

<h1>Iterable</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>It"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>iterabilis</ets>. See <er>Iterate</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being iterated or repeated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Iterance</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>It"er*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Iteration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Iterant</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>It"er*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>iterans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>iterare</ets>.]</ety> <def> Repeating; iterating; <as>as, an <ex>iterant</ex> echo</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Iterate</h1>
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<hw>It"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>iteratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>iterare</ets> to repeat, fr. <ets>iterum</ets> again, prop. a compar. from the stem of <ets>is</ets> he, that; cf. L. <ets>ita</ets> so, <ets>item</ets> likewise, also, Skr. <ets>itara</ets> other, <ets>iti</ets> thus. Cf. <er>Identity</er>, <er>Item</er>.]</ety> <def>Uttered or done again; repeated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Gardiner.</i>

<h1>Iterate</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>It"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Iterated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Iterating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To utter or do a second time or many times; to repeat; <as>as, to <ex>iterate</ex> advice</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Nor Eve to <b>iterate</b>
Her former trespass feared.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Iterate</h1>
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<hw>It"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of iteration.</def>

<h1>Iteration</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>It`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>iteratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Recital or performance a second time; repetition.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>What needs this <b>iteration</b>, woman?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Iterative</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>It"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>iterativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>it\'82ratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Repeating.</def> <i>Cotgrave</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>It"er*a*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ithyphallic</h1>
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<hw>Ith`y*phal"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ithyphallicus</ets>, fr. <ets>ithyphallus</ets>, Gr. <?/, <ets>membrum virile erectum</ets>, or a figure thereof carried in the festivals of Bacchus.]</ety> <def>Lustful; lewd; salacious; indecent; obscene.</def>

<h1>Itineracy</h1>
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<hw>I*tin"er*a*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or practice of itinerating; itinerancy.</def>

<h1>Itinerancy</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>I*tin"er*an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Itinerant</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A passing from place to place.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A discharge of official duty involving frequent change of residence; the custom or practice of discharging official duty in this way; also, a body of persons who thus discharge official duty.</def>

<h1>Itinerant</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>I*tin"er*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>itinerans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>itinerare</ets> to make a journey, fr. L. <ets>iter</ets>, <ets>itineris</ets>, a walk, way, journey. See <er>Errant</er>, <er>Issue</er>.]</ety> <def>Passing or traveling about a country; going or preaching on a circuit; wandering; not settled; <as>as, an <ex>itinerant</ex> preacher; an <ex>itinerant</ex> peddler.</as></def>

<blockquote>The king's own courts were then <b>itinerant</b>, being kept in the king's palace, and removing with his household in those royal progresses which he continually made.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Itinerant</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>I*tin"er*ant</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>One who travels from place to place, particularly a preacher; one who is unsettled.</def>

<blockquote>Glad to turn <b>itinerant</b>,
To stroll and teach from town to town.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Itinerantly</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>I*tin"er*ant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an itinerant manner.</def>

<h1>Itinerary</h1>
<Xpage=793>

<hw>I*tin"er*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>itinerarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>itin\'82raire</ets>. See <er>Itinerant</er>.]</ety> <def>Itinerant; traveling; passing from place to place; done on a journey.</def>

<blockquote>It was rather an <b>itinerary</b> circuit of justice than a progress.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Itinerary</h1>
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<hw>I*tin"er*a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Itineraries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>itinerarium</ets>: cf. F. <ets>itin\'82raire</ets>. See <er>Itinerary</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>An account of travels, or a register of places and distances as a guide to travelers; <as>as, the <ex>Itinerary</ex> of Antoninus</as>.</def>

<h1>Itinerate</h1>
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<hw>I*tin"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Itinerated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Itinerating</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>itineratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>itinerari</ets>, <ets>itinerare</ets>. See <er>Itinerant</er>.]</ety> <def>To wander without a settled habitation; to travel from place or on a circuit, particularly for the purpose of preaching, lecturing, etc.</def>

<h1>-itis</h1>
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<hw>-i"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[Gr. <?/, orig, fem. adjective suffix.]</ety> <def>A suffix used in medical terms to denote an <i>inflammatory disease of</i>; <as>as, arthr<ex>itis</ex>; bronch<ex>itis</ex>, phren<ex>itis</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Its</h1>
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<hw>Its</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Possessive form of the pronoun <i>it</i>. See <er>It</er>.</def>

<h1>Itself</h1>
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<hw>It*self"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <def>The neuter reciprocal pronoun of <er>It</er>; <as>as, the thing is good in <ex>itself</ex>; it stands by <ex>itself</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Borrowing of foreigners, in <b>itself</b>, makes not the kingdom rich or poor.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ittria</h1>
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<hw>It"tri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Yttria</er>.</def>

<h1>Ittrium</h1>
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<hw>It"tri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Yttrium</er>.</def>

<h1>Itzibu</h1>
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<hw>It"zi*bu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Jap. <ets>ichibu</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Numis.)</fld> <def>A silver coin of Japan, worth about thirty-four cents.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>itzebu</asp>, <asp>ichebu</asp>, <asp>itcheboo</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Iulidan</h1>
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<hw>I*u"li*dan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Iulus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the <spn>Iulid\'91</spn>, a family of myriapods, of which the genus <spn>Iulus</spn> is the type. See <er>Iulus</er>.</def>

<h1>Iulus</h1>
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<hw>I*u"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., down, Gr. <?/ down, centipede.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of chilognathous myriapods. The body is long and round, consisting of numerous smooth, equal segments, each of which bears two pairs of short legs. It includes the galleyworms. See <er>Chilognatha</er>.</def>

<h1>Ivan Ivanovitch</h1>
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<hw>I*van" I*van"o*vitch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. An ideal personification of the typical Russian or of the Russian people; -- used as "John Bull" is used for the typical Englishman.</def>

<h1>I've</h1>
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<hw>I've</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. Colloquial contraction of <i>I have</i>.</def>

<h1>-ive</h1>
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<hw>-ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. -<ets>ivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>An adjective suffix signifying <i>relating</i> or <i>belonging to</i>, <i>of the nature of</i>, <i>tending to</i>; as affirmat<i>ive</i>, act<i>ive</i>, conclus<i>ive</i>, correct<i>ive</i>, diminut<i>ive</i>.</def>

<h1>Ivied</h1>
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<hw>I"vied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Ivy</er>.]</ety> <def>Overgrown with ivy.</def>

<h1>Ivoride</h1>
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<hw>I"vo*ride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A composition resembling ivory in appearance and used as a substitute for it.</def>

<h1>Ivory</h1>
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<hw>I"vo*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ivories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>ivori</ets>, F. <ets>ivoire</ets>, fr. L. <ets>eboreus</ets> made of ivory, fr. <ets>ebur</ets>, <ets>eboris</ets>, ivory, cf. Skr. <ets>ibha</ets> elephant. Cf. <er>Eburnean</er>.]</ety>

<hr>
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Page 794<p>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The hard, white, opaque, fine-grained substance constituting the tusks of the elephant. It is a variety of dentine, characterized by the minuteness and close arrangement of the tubes, as also by their double flexure. It is used in manufacturing articles of ornament or utility.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Ivory</i> is the name commercially given not only to the substance constituting the tusks of the elephant, but also to that of the tusks of the hippopotamus and walrus, the hornlike tusk of the narwhal, etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The tusks themselves of the elephant, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any carving executed in ivory.</def>

<i>Mollett.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Teeth; <as>as, to show one's <ex>ivories</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<cs><col>Ivory black</col>. <cd>See under <er>Black</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Ivory gull</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a white Arctic gull (<spn>Larus eburneus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Ivory nut</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the nut of a species of palm, the <spn>Phytephas macroarpa</spn>, often as large as a hen's egg. When young the seed contains a fluid, which gradually hardness into a whitish, close-grained, albuminous substance, resembling the finest ivory in texture and color, whence it is called <altname>vegetable ivory</altname>. It is wrought into various articles, as buttons, chessmen, etc. The palm is found in New Grenada. A smaller kind is the fruit of the <spn>Phytephas microarpa</spn>. The nuts are known in commerce as <i>Corosso<i> nuts.</cd> -- <col>Ivory palm</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the palm tree which produces ivory nuts.</cd> -- <col>Ivory shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of <spn>Eburna</spn>, a genus of marine gastropod shells, having a smooth surface, usually white with red or brown spots.</cd> -- <col>Vegetable ivory</col>, <cd>the meat of the ivory nut. See <cref>Ivory nut</cref> (above).</cd></cs>

<h1>Ivory-bill</h1>
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<hw>I"vo*ry-bill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, handsome, North American woodpecker (<spn>Campephilus principalis</spn>), having a large, sharp, ivory-colored beak. Its general color is glossy black, with white secondaries, and a white dorsal stripe. The male has a large, scarlet crest. It is now rare, and found only in the Gulf States.</def>

<h1>Ivorytype</h1>
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<hw>I"vo*ry*type`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(photog.)</fld> <def>A picture produced by superposing a very light print, rendered translucent by varnish, and tinted upon the back, upon a stronger print, so as to give the effect of a photograph in natural colors; -- called also <altname>hellenotype</altname>.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Ivy</h1>
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<hw>I"vy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ivies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>\'c6fig</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>ebawi</ets>, <ets>ebah</ets>, G. <ets>epheu</ets>.]</ety> (<i>Bot</i>.) <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Hedera</spn> (<spn>H. helix</spn>), common in Europe. Its leaves are evergreen, dark, smooth, shining, and mostly five-pointed; the flowers yellowish and small; the berries black or yellow. The stem clings to walls and trees by rootlike fibers.</def>

<blockquote>Direct
The clasping <b>ivy</b> where to climb.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ye myrtles brown, with <b>ivy</b> never sere.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>American ivy</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Virginia creeper</er>.</cd> -- <col>English ivy</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a popular name in America for the ivy proper (<spn>Hedera helix</spn>).</cd> -- <col>German ivy</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a creeping plant, with smooth, succulent stems, and fleshy, light-green leaves; a species of <spn>Senecio</spn> (<spn>S. scandens</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Ground ivy</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Gill (<spn>Nepeta Glechoma</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Ivy bush</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Mountain laurel</cref>, under <er>Mountain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ivy owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the barn owl.</cd> -- <col>Ivy tod</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the ivy plant. <i>Tennyson</i>.</cd> -- <col>Japanese ivy</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a climbing plant (<spn>Ampelopsis tricuspidata</spn>), closely related to the Virginia creeper.</cd> -- <col>Poison ivy</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American woody creeper (<spn>Rhus Toxicodendron</spn>), with trifoliate leaves, and greenish-white berries. It is exceedingly poisonous to the touch for most persons.</cd> -- <col>To pipe in an ivy leaf</col>, <cd>to console one's self as best one can. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>West Indian ivy</col>, <cd>a climbing plant of the genus <spn>Marcgravia</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ivy-mantled</h1>
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<hw>I"vy-man`tled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with ivy.</def>

<h1>Iwis</h1>
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<hw>I*wis"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Indeed; truly. See <er>Ywis</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>iwys</asp>, <asp>iwisse</asp>, etc.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<h1>Ixia</h1>
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<hw>Ix"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ birdlime. So called because of the viscid nature of some of the species.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A South African bulbous plant of the Iris family, remarkable for the brilliancy of its flowers.</def>

<h1>Ixodes</h1>
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<hw>Ix*o"des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ like birdlime; <?/ birdlime + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of parasitic Acarina, which includes various species of ticks. See <er>Tick</er>, the insect.</def>

<h1>Ixodian</h1>
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<hw>Ix*o"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tick of the genus <spn>Ixodes</spn>, or the family <spn>Ixodid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Ixtle, Ixtli</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ix"tle</hw>, <hw>Ix"tli</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Mexican name for a variety of <spn>Agave rigida</spn>, which furnishes a strong coarse fiber; also, the fiber itself, which is called also <altname>pita</altname>, and <altname>Tampico fiber</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>istle</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Izard</h1>
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<hw>Iz"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A variety of the chamois found in the Pyrenees.</def>

<h1>-ize</h1>
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<hw>-ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. -<ets>iser</ets>, L. -<ets>izare</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A verb suffix signifying <i>to make</i>, <i>to do</i>, <i>to practice</i>; as apolog<i>ize</i>, bapt<i>ize</i>, theor<i>ize</i>, tyrann<i>ize</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; In the case of certain words the spelling with -<i>ise</i> (after analogy with F. <i>-iser</i>) is the usual form; as, catech<i>ise</i>, critic<i>ise</i>. With regard to most words, however, which have this suffix there is a diversity of usage, some authorities spelling -<i>ise</i>, others (as in this book) -<i>ize</i>.</note>

<h1>Izedi</h1>
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<hw>Iz"e*di</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of an Oriental religious sect which worships Satan or the Devil.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>Izedis</b> or Yezdis, the so-called Devil worshipers, still remain a numerous though oppressed people in Mesopotamia and adjacent countries.
<i>Tylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Izedism</h1>
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<hw>Iz"e*dism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The religion of the Izedis.</def>

<h1>Izzard</h1>
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<hw>Iz"zard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Izard</er>.</def>

<h1>Izzard</h1>
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<hw>Iz"zard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formerly <ets>ezed</ets>, prob. fr. F.  <ets>et z\'90de</ets> and z.]</ety> <def>The letter <it>z</it>; -- formerly so called.</def>

<centered><point26>J.</point26></centered>

<h1>J</h1>
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<hw>J</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. J is the tenth letter of the English alphabet. It is a later variant form of the Roman letter I, used to express a consonantal sound, that is, originally, the sound of English <i>y</i> in <i>yet</i>. The forms J and I have, until a recent time, been classed together, and they have been used interchangeably.</def>

<note>In medical prescriptions <i>j</i> is still used in place of <i>i</i> at the end of a number, as a Roman numeral; as, v<i>j</i>, xi<i>j</i>.

J is etymologically most closely related to <i>i</i>, <i>y</i>, <i>g</i>; as in <i>j</i>ot, <i>i</i>ota; <i>j</i>est, <i>g</i>esture; <i>j</i>oin, <i>j</i>ugular, <i>y</i>oke. See <er>I</er>.

J is a compound vocal consonant, nearly equivalent in sound to <i>dzh</i>. It is exactly the same as <i>g</i> in <i>gem</i>. See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 179, 211, 239.</note>

<h1>Jaal goat</h1>
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<hw>Jaal" goat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of wild goat (<spn>Capra Nubiana</spn>) found in the mountains of Abyssinia, Upper Egypt, and Arabia; -- called also <altname>beden</altname>, and <altname>jaela</altname>.</def>

<h1>Jab</h1>
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<hw>Jab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Job</er>.]</ety> <def>To thrust; to stab; to punch. See <er>Job</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def> <mark>[Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Jab</h1>
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<hw>Jab</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thrust or stab.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Jabber</h1>
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<hw>Jab"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jabbered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jabbering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gibber</er>, <er>Gabble</er>.]</ety> <def>To talk rapidly, indistinctly, or unintelligibly; to utter gibberish or nonsense; to chatter.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Jabber</h1>
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<hw>Jab"ber</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter rapidly or indistinctly; to gabble; <as>as, to <ex>jabber</ex> French</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Jabber</h1>
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<hw>Jab"ber</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rapid or incoherent talk, with indistinct utterance; gibberish.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Jabber</h1>
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<hw>Jab"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who jabbers.</def>

<h1>Jabberingly</h1>
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<hw>Jab"ber*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a jabbering manner.</def>

<h1>Jabberment</h1>
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<hw>Jab"ber*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Jabber.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Jabbernowl</h1>
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<hw>Jab"ber*nowl`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Jobbernowl</er>.</def>

<h1>Jabiru</h1>
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<hw>Jab"i*ru</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Braz. <ets>jabir\'a3</ets>, <ets>jabur\'a3</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several large wading birds of the genera <spn>Mycteria</spn> and <spn>Xenorhynchus</spn>, allied to the storks in form and habits.</def>

<note>&hand; The American jabiru (<spn>Mycteria Americana</spn>) is white, with the head and neck black and nearly bare of feathers. The East Indian and Australian (<spn>Xenorhynchus Australis</spn>) has the neck, head, and back covered with glossy, dark green feathers, changing on the head to purple. The African jabiru (<spn>Mycteria, &or; Ephippiorhynchus, Senegalensis</spn>) has the neck, head, wing coverts, and tail, black, and is called also <stype>saddle-billed stork</stype>.</note>

<h1>Jaborandi</h1>
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<hw>Jab`o*ran"di</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The native name of a South American rutaceous shrub (<spn>Pilocarpus pennatifolius</spn>). The leaves are used in medicine as an diaphoretic and sialogogue.</def>

<h1>Jaborine</h1>
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<hw>Jab"o*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Jaborandi</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid found in jaborandi leaves, from which it is extracted as a white amorphous substance. In its action it resembles atropine.</def>

<h1>Jabot</h1>
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<hw>Jab"ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, a kind of ruffle worn by men on the bosom of the shirt.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An arrangement of lace or tulle, looped ornamentally, and worn by women on the front of the dress.</def>

<h1>Jacamar</h1>
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<hw>Jac"a*mar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jacamar</ets>, Braz. <ets>jacamarica</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>jacamar</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of tropical American birds of the genus <spn>Galbula</spn> and allied genera. They are allied to the kingfishers, but climb on tree trunks like nuthatches, and feed upon insects. Their colors are often brilliant.</def>

<h1>Jacana</h1>
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<hw>Jac"a*na`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>jacania</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any of several wading birds belonging to the genus <spn>Jacana</spn> and several allied genera, all of which have spurs on the wings. They are able to run about over floating water weeds by means of their very long, spreading toes. Called also <altname>surgeon bird</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The most common South American species is <spn>Jacana spinosa</spn>. The East Indian or pheasant jacana (<spn>Hydrophasianus chirurgus</spn>) is remarkable for having four very long, curved, middle tail feathers.</note>

<h1>Jacaranda</h1>
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<hw>Jac`a*ran"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Braz.; cf. Sp. & Pg. <ets>jacaranda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The native Brazilian name for certain leguminous trees, which produce the beautiful woods called <i>king wood</i>, <i>tiger wood</i>, and <i>violet wood</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of bignoniaceous Brazilian trees with showy trumpet-shaped flowers.</def>

<h1>Jacare</h1>
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<hw>Jac"a*re`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>jacar\'82</ets>; of Brazilian origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cayman. See <er>Yacare</er>.</def>

<h1>Jacchus</h1>
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<hw>Jac"chus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>Jacchus</ets> a mystic name of Bacchus, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common marmoset (<spn>Hapale vulgaris</spn>). Formerly, the name was also applied to other species of the same genus.</def>

<h1>Jacconet</h1>
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<hw>Jac"co*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Jaconet</er>.</def>

<h1>Jacent</h1>
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<hw>Ja"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jacens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>jacere</ets> to lie: cf. F. <ets>jacent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lying at length; <as>as, the <ex>jacent</ex> posture</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Jacinth</h1>
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<hw>Ja"cinth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jacinthe</ets>, L. <ets>hyacinthus</ets>. See <er>Hyacinth</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Hyacinth</er>.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Jack</h1>
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<hw>Jack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>jaca</ets>, Malayalam, <ets>tsjaka</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large tree, the <spn>Artocarpus integrifolia</spn>, common in the East Indies, closely allied to the breadfruit, from which it differs in having its leaves entire. The fruit is of great size, weighing from thirty to forty pounds, and through its soft fibrous matter are scattered the seeds, which are roasted and eaten. The wood is of a yellow color, fine grain, and rather heavy, and is much used in cabinetwork. It is also used for dyeing a brilliant yellow.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jak</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Jack</h1>
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<hw>Jack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>Jacques</ets> James, L. <ets>Jacobus</ets>, Gr. <?/, Heb. <ets>Ya 'aq<?/b</ets> Jacob; prop., seizing by the heel; hence, a supplanter. Cf. <er>Jacobite</er>, <er>Jockey</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A familiar nickname of, or substitute for, <i>John</i>.</def>

<blockquote>You are John Rugby, and you are <b>Jack</b> Rugby.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An impertinent or silly fellow; a simpleton; a boor; a clown; also, a servant; a rustic.</def> "<i>Jack</i> fool."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Since every <b>Jack</b> became a gentleman,
There 's many a gentle person made a <b>Jack</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A popular colloquial name for a sailor; -- called also <altname>Jack tar</altname>, and <altname>Jack afloat</altname>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A mechanical contrivance, an auxiliary machine, or a subordinate part of a machine, rendering convenient service, and often supplying the place of a boy or attendant who was commonly called <i>Jack</i></def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A device to pull off boots</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A sawhorse or sawbuck</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A machine or contrivance for turning a spit; a smoke <ex>jack</ex>, or kitchen <ex>jack</ex></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A wooden wedge for separating rocks rent by blasting</def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Knitting Machine)</fld> <def>A lever for depressing the sinkers which push the loops down on the needles</def>. <sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Warping Machine)</fld> <def>A grating to separate and guide the threads; a heck box</def>. <sd>(g)</sd> <fld>(Spinning)</fld> <def>A machine for twisting the sliver as it leaves the carding machine</def>. <sd>(h)</sd> <def>A compact, portable machine for planing metal</def>. <sd>(i)</sd> <def>A machine for slicking or pebbling leather</def>. <sd>(k)</sd> <def>A system of gearing driven by a horse power, for multiplying speed</def>. <sd>(l)</sd> <def>A hood or other device placed over a chimney or vent pipe, to prevent a back draught</def>. <sd>(m)</sd> <def>In the harpsichord, an intermediate piece communicating the action of the key to the quill; -- called also <altname>hopper</altname></def>. <sd>(n)</sd> <def>In hunting, the pan or frame holding the fuel of the torch used to attract game at night; also, the light itself.</def>  <i>C. Hallock.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A portable machine variously constructed, for exerting great pressure, or lifting or moving a heavy body through a small distance. It consists of a lever, screw, rack and pinion, hydraulic press, or any simple combination of mechanical powers, working in a compact pedestal or support and operated by a lever, crank, capstan bar, etc. The name is often given to a jackscrew, which is a kind of jack.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The small bowl used as a mark in the game of bowls.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Like an uninstructed bowler who thinks to attain the <b>jack</b> by delivering his bowl straight forward upon it.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The male of certain animals, as of the ass.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A young pike; a pickerel.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The jurel.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A large, California rock fish (<spn>Sebastodes paucispinus</spn>); -- called also <altname>boccaccio</altname>, and <altname>m\'82rou</altname>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The wall-eyed pike.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A drinking measure holding half a pint; also, one holding a quarter of a pint.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A flag, containing only the union, without the fly, usually hoisted on a jack staff at the bowsprit cap; -- called also <altname>union jack</altname>. The American <i>jack</i> is a small blue flag, with a star for each State.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A bar of iron athwart ships at a topgallant masthead, to support a royal mast, and give spread to the royal shrouds; -- called also <altname>jack crosstree</altname>.</def>

<i>R. H. Dana, Jr.</i>

<hr>
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<p><b>11.</b> <def>The knave of a suit of playing cards.</def>

<-- 12. (pl) same as jackstone (which see): A game played with small (metallic, with tetrahedrally oriented spikes) objects (the jacks(1950+), formerly jackstones) that are tossed, caught, picked up, and arranged on a horizontal surface in various patterns; in the modern American game, the movements are accompanied by tossing or bouncing a rubber ball on the horizontal surface supporting the jacks.
 13. (slang) Money.
 14 (MW10= 9) a. Apple jack. b. brandy -->

<note>&hand; <i>Jack</i> is used adjectively in various senses. It sometimes designates something <i>cut short</i> or <i>diminished in size</i>; as, a <i>jack</i> timber; a <i>jack</i> rafter; a <i>jack</i> arch, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Jack arch</col>, <cd>an arch of the thickness of one brick.</cd> -- <col>Jack back</col> <fld>(Brewing & Malt Vinegar Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a cistern which receives the wort. See under 1st <er>Back</er>.</cd> -- <col>Jack block</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a block fixed in the topgallant or royal rigging, used for raising and lowering light masts and spars.</cd> -- <col>Jack boots</col>, <cd>boots reaching above the knee; -- worn in the 17 century by soldiers; afterwards by fishermen, etc.</cd><-- see jack-booted --> -- <col>Jack crosstree</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See 10, <it>b<it>, above.</cd> -- <col>Jack curlew</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the whimbrel.</cd> -- <col>Jack frame</col>. <fld>(Cotton Spinning)</fld> <cd>See 4 <sd>(g)</sd>, above.</cd> -- <col>Jack Frost</col>, <cd>frost personified as a mischievous person.</cd> -- <col>Jack hare</col>, <cd>a male hare. <i>Cowper</i>.</cd> -- <col>Jack lamp</col>, <cd>a lamp for still hunting and camp use. See def. 4 <sd>(n.)</sd>, above.</cd> -- <col>Jack plane</col>, <cd>a joiner's plane used for coarse work.</cd> -- <col>Jack post</col>, <cd>one of the posts which support the crank shaft of a deep-well-boring apparatus.</cd> -- <col>Jack pot</col> <fld>(Poker Playing)</fld>, <cd>the name given to the stakes, contributions to which are made by each player successively, till such a hand is turned as shall take the "pot," which is the sum total of all the bets.</cd><-- see also jackpot --> -- <col>Jack rabbit</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of large American hares, having very large ears and long legs. The California species (<spn>Lepus Californicus</spn>), and that of Texas and New Mexico (<spn>L. callotis</spn>), have the tail black above, and the ears black at the tip. They do not become white in winter. The more northern prairie hare (<spn>L. campestris</spn>) has the upper side of the tail white, and in winter its fur becomes nearly white.</cd> -- <col>Jack rafter</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>in England, one of the shorter rafters used in constructing a hip or valley roof; in the United States, any secondary roof timber, as the common rafters resting on purlins in a trussed roof; also, one of the pieces simulating extended rafters, used under the eaves in some styles of building.</cd> -- <col>Jack salmon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the wall-eyed pike, or glasseye.</cd> -- <col>Jack sauce</col>, <cd>an impudent fellow.</cd> <mark>[Colloq. & Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Jack shaft</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>the first intermediate shaft, in a factory or mill, which receives power, through belts or gearing, from a prime mover, and transmits it, by the same means, to other intermediate shafts or to a line shaft.</cd> -- <col>Jack sinker</col> <fld>(Knitting Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a thin iron plate operated by the jack to depress the loop of thread between two needles.</cd> -- <col>Jack snipe</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Jack staff</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a staff fixed on the bowsprit cap, upon which the jack is hoisted.</cd> -- <col>Jack timber</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>any timber, as a rafter, rib, or studding, which, being intercepted, is shorter than the others.</cd> -- <col>Jack towel</col>, <cd>a towel hung on a roller for common use.</cd> -- <col>Jack truss</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>in a hip roof, a minor truss used where the roof has not its full section.</cd> -- <col>Jack tree</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See 1st <er>Jack</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Jack yard</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a short spar to extend a topsail beyond the gaff.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Blue jack</col>, <cd>blue vitriol; sulphate of copper.</cd> -- <col>Hydraulic jack</col>, <cd>a jack used for lifting, pulling, or forcing, consisting of a compact portable hydrostatic press, with its pump and a reservoir containing a supply of liquid, as oil.</cd> -- <col>Jack-at-a-pinch</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>One called upon to take the place of another in an emergency</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An itinerant parson who conducts an occasional service for a fee.</cd> -- <col>Jack-at-all-trades</col>, <cd>one who can turn his hand to any kind of work.</cd> -- <col>Jack-by-the-hedge</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Erysimum</spn> (<spn>E. alliaria</spn>, or <spn>Alliaria officinalis</spn>), which grows under hedges. It bears a white flower and has a taste not unlike garlic. Called also, in England, <altname>sauce-alone</altname>. <i>Eng. Cyc</i>.</cd> -- <col>Jack-in-a-box</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A tropical tree (<spn>Hernandia sonora</spn>), which bears a drupe that rattles when dry in the inflated calyx</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A child's toy, consisting of a box, out of which, when the lid is raised, a figure springs</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <cd>An epicyclic train of bevel gears for transmitting rotary motion to two parts in such a manner that their relative rotation may be variable; applied to driving the wheels of tricycles, road locomotives, and to cotton machinery, etc.; an equation box; a jack frame; -- called also <altname>compensating gearing</altname></cd>. <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>A large wooden screw turning in a nut attached to the crosspiece of a rude press.</cd> -- <col>Jack-in-office</col>, <cd>an insolent fellow in authority. <i>Wolcott</i>.</cd> -- <col>Jack-in-the-bush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tropical shrub with red fruit (<spn>Cordia Cylindrostachya</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Jack-in-the-green</col>, <cd>a chimney sweep inclosed in a framework of boughs, carried in Mayday processions.</cd> -- <col>Jack-in-the-pulpit</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the American plant <spn>Aris\'91ma triphyllum</spn>, or Indian turnip, in which the upright spadix is inclosed.</cd> -- <col>Jack-of-the-buttery</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the stonecrop (<spn>Sedum acre</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Jack-of-the-clock</col>, <cd>a figure, usually of a man, on old clocks, which struck the time on the bell.</cd> -- <col>Jack-on-both-sides</col>, <cd>one who is or tries to be neutral.</cd> -- <col>Jack-out-of-office</col>, <cd>one who has been in office and is turned out.</cd> <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>Jack the Giant Killer</col>, <cd>the hero of a well-known nursery story.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Jack-with-a-lantern</col>, <col>Jack-o'-lantern</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An ignis fatuus; a will-o'-the-wisp</cd>. "[Newspaper speculations] supplying so many more <i>jack-o'-lanterns<i> to the future historian." <i>Lowell</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A lantern made of a pumpkin so prepared as to show in illumination the features of a human face, etc.</cd> -- <col>Yellow Jack</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the yellow fever; also, the quarantine flag. See <cref>Yellow flag</cref>, under <er>Flag</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jack</h1>
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<hw>Jack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jaque</ets>, <ets>jacque</ets>, perh. from the proper name <ets>Jacques</ets>. Cf. <er>Jacquerie</er>.]</ety> <def>A coarse and cheap medi\'91val coat of defense, esp. one made of leather.</def>

<blockquote>Their horsemen are with <b>jacks</b> for most part clad.
<i>Sir J. Harrington.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jack</h1>
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<hw>Jack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from its resemblance to a <ets>jack boot</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pitcher or can of waxed leather; -- called also <altname>black jack</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Jack</h1>
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<hw>Jack</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To hunt game at night by means of a jack. See 2d <er>Jack</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Jack</h1>
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<hw>Jack</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To move or lift, as a house, by means of a jack or jacks. See 2d <er>Jack</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</def>
<-- = jack up -->

<h1>Jack-a-dandy</h1>
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<hw>Jack`-a-dan"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little dandy; a little, foppish, impertinent fellow.</def>

<h1>Jackal</h1>
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<hw>Jack"al`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pers. <ets>shagh\'bel</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>jackal</ets>, F. <ets>chacal</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>\'87\'f0g\'bela</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of carnivorous animals inhabiting Africa and Asia, related to the dog and wolf. They are cowardly, nocturnal, and gregarious. They feed largely on carrion, and are noted for their piercing and dismal howling.</def>

<note>&hand; The common species of Southern Asia (<spn>Canis aureus</spn>) is yellowish gray, varied with brown on the shoulders, haunches, and legs. The common African species (<spn>C. anthus</spn>) is darker in color.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who does mean work for another's advantage, as jackals were once thought to kill game which lions appropriated.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<h1>Jack-a-lent</h1>
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<hw>Jack"-a-lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small stuffed puppet to be pelted in Lent; hence, a simple fellow.</def>

<h1>Jackanapes</h1>
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<hw>Jack"a*napes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>Jack o'</ets> (= <ets>of</ets>) <ets>apes</ets>; prop., a man who exhibits apes.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jackanape</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A monkey; an ape.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A coxcomb; an impertinent or conceited fellow.</def>

<blockquote>A young upstart <b>jackanapes</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jackass</h1>
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<hw>Jack"ass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[2d <ets>jack + ass</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The male ass; a donkey.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A conceited dolt; a perverse blockhead.</def>

<cs><col>Jackass bark</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a three-masted vessel, with only the foremast square-rigged; a barkentine.</cd> -- <col>Jackass deer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the koba.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Jackass hare</col>, <col>Jackass rabbit</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>. <cd>See <cref>Jack rabbit</cref>, under 2d <er>Jack</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Jackass penguin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of penguin of the genus <spn>Spheniscus</spn>, of which several are known. One species (<spn>S. demersus</spn>) inhabits the islands near the Cape of Good Hope; another (<spn>S. Magellanicus</spn>) is found at the Falkland Islands. They make a noise like the braying of an ass; -- hence the name.</cd> -- <col>Laughing jackass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Laughing</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jackdaw</h1>
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<hw>Jack"daw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. 2d <ets>jack</ets> + <ets>daw</ets>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Daw</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Jackeen</h1>
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<hw>Jack*een"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A drunken, dissolute fellow.</def> <mark>[Ireland]</mark>

<i>S. C. Hall.</i>

<h1>Jacket</h1>
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<hw>Jack"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jaquette</ets>, dim. of <ets>jaque</ets>. See 3d <er>Jack</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A short upper garment, extending downward to the hips; a short coat without skirts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An outer covering for anything, esp. a covering of some nonconducting material such as wood or felt, used to prevent radiation of heat, as from a steam boiler, cylinder, pipe, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>In ordnance, a strengthening band surrounding and re\'89nforcing the tube in which the charge is fired.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A garment resembling a waistcoat lined with cork, to serve as a life preserver; -- called also <altname>cork jacket</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Blue jacket</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Blue</er>.</cd> -- <col>Steam jacket</col>, <cd>a space filled with steam between an inner and an outer cylinder, or between a casing and a receptacle, as a kettle.</cd> -- <col>To dust one's jacket</col>, <cd>to give one a beating. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Jacket</h1>
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<hw>Jack"et</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put a jacket on; to furnish, as a boiler, with a jacket.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To thrash; to beat.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Jacketed</h1>
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<hw>Jack"et*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing, or furnished with, a jacket.</def>

<h1>Jacketing</h1>
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<hw>Jack"et*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The material of a jacket; <as>as, nonconducting <ex>jacketing</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Jack Ketch</h1>
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<hw>Jack" Ketch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Perh. fr. <ets>Jack</ets>, the proper name + Prov. E.  <ets>ketch</ets> a hangman, fr. <ets>ketch</ets>, for <ets>catch</ets> to seize; but see the citations below.]</ety> <def>A public executioner, or hangman.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>The manor of Tyburn was formerly held by Richard <b>Jaquett</b>, where felons for a long time were executed; from whence we have <b>Jack Ketch</b>.
<i>Lloyd's MS., British Museum.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[Monmouth] then accosted <b>John Ketch</b>, the executioner, a wretch who had butchered many brave and noble victims, and whose name has, during a century and a half, been vulgarly given to all who have succeeded him in his odious office.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jackknife</h1>
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<hw>Jack"knife`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A large, strong clasp knife for the pocket; a pocket knife.</def>

<h1>Jackman</h1>
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<hw>Jack"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Jackmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One wearing a jack; a horse soldier; a retainer. See 3d <er>Jack</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<blockquote>Christie . . . the laird's chief <b>jackman</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cream cheese.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Jack-o'-lantern</h1>
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<hw>Jack"-o'-lan`tern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <cref>Jack-with-a-lantern</cref>, under 2d <er>Jack</er>.</def>


<--
<h1>Jackpot</h1>
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<hw>Jackpot</hw> 1. (a) See "jack pot" under jack; (b) any larger-than-usual gambling prize formed by the accumulation of unwon bets[=MW10 1(a)(2) and 1(c)]; (c) the highest gambling prize awarded in a gambling game in which smaller prizes are also awarded, especially such a prize on a slot machine. 2. (a) An unusually large success in an enterprise, either unexpected or unpredictable, esp. one providing a great financial benefit.
  <col>hit the jackpot</col>to receive an unexpectedly large (or the largest possible) benefit from an enterprise.
-->

<h1>Jackpudding</h1>
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<hw>Jack"pud`ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A merry-andrew; a buffoon.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Jacksaw</h1>
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<hw>Jack"saw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The merganser.</def>

<h1>Jackscrew</h1>
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<hw>Jack"screw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A jack in which a screw is used for lifting, or exerting pressure. See <i>Illust</i>. of 2d <er>Jack</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</def>

<h1>Jackslave</h1>
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<hw>Jack"slave`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A low servant; a mean fellow.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Jacksmith</h1>
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<hw>Jack"smith`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A smith who makes jacks. See 2d <er>Jack</er>, 4, c.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Jacksnipe</h1>
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<hw>Jack"snipe`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small European snipe (<spn>Limnocryptes gallinula</spn>); -- called also <altname>judcock</altname>, <altname>jedcock</altname>, <altname>juddock</altname>, <altname>jed</altname>, and <altname>half snipe</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small American sandpiper (<spn>Tringa maculata</spn>); -- called also <altname>pectoral sandpiper</altname>, and <altname>grass snipe</altname>.</def>

<h1>Jackstay</h1>
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<hw>Jack"stay`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rail of wood or iron stretching along a yard of a vessel, to which the sails are fastened.</def>

<h1>Jackstone</h1>
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<hw>Jack"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the pebbles or pieces used in the game of jackstones.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> (<pluf>pl.</pluf>) <def>A game played with five small stones or pieces of metal. See 6th <er>Chuck</er>.</def> <-- also called "jacks" see jack, n. 12 -->

<h1>Jackstraw</h1>
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<hw>Jack"straw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An effigy stuffed with straw; a scarecrow; hence, a man without property or influence.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of a set of straws of strips of ivory, bone, wood, etc., for playing a child's game, the jackstraws being thrown confusedly together on a table, to be gathered up singly by a hooked instrument, without touching or disturbing the rest of the pile. See <er>Spilikin</er>.</def><-- = Sim. to pick-up-sticks (U.S. 1940+), played with thin wooden sticks of different colors, having different values for scoring, and dislodged from the pile with the hand or one of the sticks  -->

<h1>Jackwood</h1>
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<hw>Jack"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wood of the jack (<spn>Artocarpus integrifolia</spn>), used in cabinetwork.</def>

<h1>Jacob</h1>
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<hw>Ja"cob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Jacob</ets>. See 2d <er>Jack</er>.]</ety> <def>A Hebrew patriarch (son of Isaac, and ancestor of the Jews), who in a vision saw a ladder reaching up to heaven (<i>Gen. xxviii. 12</i>); -- also called <altname>Israel</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>Jacob</b> said . . . with my staff I passed over this Jordan, and now I am become two bands.
<i>Gen. xxxii. 9, 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thy name shall be called no more <b>Jacob</b>, but Israel.
<i>Gen. xxxii. 28.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Jacob's ladder</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A perennial herb of the genus <spn>Polemonium</spn> (<spn>P. c\'d2ruleum), having corymbs of drooping flowers, usually blue. Gray</spn>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>A rope ladder, with wooden steps, for going aloft</cd>. <i>R. H. Dana, Jr</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>A succession of short cracks in a defective spar.</cd> -- <col>Jacob's membrane</col>. <cd>See <er>Retina</er>.</cd> -- <col>Jacob's staff</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A name given to many forms of staff or weapon, especially in the Middle Ages; a pilgrim's staff</cd>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Spenser</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Surveying)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Staff</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jacob\'91an lily</h1>
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<hw>Jac`o*b\'91"an lil"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Jacobean</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A bulbous plant  (<spn>Amaryllis, &or; Sprekelia, formosissima</spn>) from Mexico. It bears a single, large, deep, red, lilylike flower.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Jacobean</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Jacobean; 277, Jacobian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ja*co"be*an</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <hw>Ja*co"bi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>Jacobus</ets> James. See 2d <er>Jack</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a style of architecture and decoration in the time of James the First, of England.</def> "A <i>Jacobean</i> table."

<i>C. L. Eastlake.</i>

<h1>Jacobin</h1>
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<hw>Jac"o*bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See 2d <er>Jack</er>, <er>Jacobite</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A Dominican friar; -- so named because, before the French Revolution, that order had a convent in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of a society of violent agitators in France, during the revolution of 1789, who held secret meetings in the Jacobin convent in the Rue St. Jacques, Paris, and concerted measures to control the proceedings of the National Assembly. Hence: A plotter against an existing government; a turbulent demagogue.</def>

<p><b>3.</b>  <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fancy pigeon, in which the feathers of the neck form a hood, -- whence the name. The wings and tail are long, and the beak moderately short.</def>

<h1>Jacobin</h1>
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<hw>Jac"o*bin</hw>, <tt>a.</tt>  <def>Same as <er>Jacobinic</er>.</def>

<h1>Jacobine</h1>
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<hw>Jac"o*bine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Jacobin.</def>

<h1>Jacobinic, Jacobinical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Jac`o*bin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Jac`o*bin"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Jacobins of France; revolutionary; of the nature of, or characterized by, Jacobinism.</def> <i>Burke</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Jac`o*bin"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Jacobinism</h1>
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<hw>Jac"o*bin*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Jacobinisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The  principles of the Jacobins; violent and factious opposition to legitimate government.</def>

<blockquote>Under this new stimulus, Burn's previous Jacobitism passed towards the opposite, but not very distant, extreme of <b>Jacobinism</b>.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jacobinize</h1>
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<hw>Jac"o*bin*ize`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jacobinized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jacobinizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Jacobiniser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To taint with, or convert to, Jacobinism.</def>

<blockquote>France was not then <b>jacobinized</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jacobite</h1>
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<hw>Jac"o*bite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Jacobus</ets> James:  cf. F. <ets>Jacobite</ets>. See 2d <er>Jack</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>A partisan or adherent of James the Second, after his abdication, or of his descendants, an opposer of the revolution in 1688 in favor of William and Mary.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b>  <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One of the sect of Syrian Monophysites. The sect is named after <i>Jacob</i> Barad\'91us, its leader in the  sixth century.</def>

<h1>Jacobite</h1>
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<hw>Jac"o*bite</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Jacobites.</def>

<h1>Jacobitic, Jacobitical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Jac`o*bit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Jac`o*bit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Jacobites; characterized by Jacobitism.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Jac`o*bit"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Jacobitism</h1>
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<hw>Jac"o*bit*ism`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles of the Jacobites.</def>

<i>Mason.</i>

<h1>Jacobus</h1>
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<hw>Ja*co"bus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Jacobuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Jacobite</er>.]</ety> <def>An English gold coin, of the value of twenty-five shillings sterling, struck in the reign of James I.</def>

<h1>Jaconet</h1>
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<hw>Jac"o*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jaconas</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thin cotton fabric, between and muslin, used for dresses, neckcloths, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jacconet</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Jacquard</h1>
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<hw>Jac*quard"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or invented by, <ets>Jacquard</ets>, a French mechanician, who died in 1834.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Jacquard apparatus</col> &or; <col>arrangement</col></mcol>, <cd>a device applied to looms for weaving figured goods, consisting of mechanism controlled by a chain of variously perforated cards, which cause the warp threads to be lifted in the proper succession for producing the required figure.</cd> -- <col>Jacquard card</col>, <cd>one of the perforated cards of a Jacquard apparatus.</cd> -- <col>Jackquard loom</col>, <cd>a loom with Jacquard apparatus.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jacqueminot</h1>
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<hw>Jacque"mi*not</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A half-hardy, deep crimson  rose of the remontant class; -- so named after General <ets>Jacqueminot</ets>, of France.</def>

<h1>Jacquerie</h1>
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<hw>Jacque`rie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The name given to a revolt of French peasants against the nobles in 1358, the leader assuming the contemptuous title, <i>Jacques Bonhomme</i>, given by the nobles to the peasantry. Hence, any revolt of peasants.</def>

<h1>Jactancy</h1>
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<hw>Jac"tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jactantia</ets>, fr. <ets>jactans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>jactare</ets> to throw, boast, freq. fr. <ets>jacere</ets> to throw; cf. F. <ets>jactance</ets>.]</ety> <def>A boasting; a bragging.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="796">
Page 796<p>

<h1>Jactation</h1>
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<hw>Jac*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jactatio</ets>, fr. <ets>jactare</ets>: af. F. <ets>jactation</ets>. See <er>Jactancy</er>.]</ety> <def>A throwing or tossing of the body; a shaking or agitation.</def>

<i>Sir. W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Jactitation</h1>
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<hw>Jac"ti*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jactitare</ets> to utter in public, from <ets>jactare</ets>. See <er>Jactancy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Vain boasting or assertions repeated to the prejudice of another's right; false claim.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<p><b>2.</b>  <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A frequent tossing or moving of the body; restlessness, as in delirium.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<cs><col>Jactitation of marriage</col> <fld>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</fld>, <cd>a giving out or boasting by a party that he or she is married to another, whereby a common reputation of their matrimony may ensue.</cd></cs>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Jaculable</h1>
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<hw>Jac"u*la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fit for throwing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Jaculate</h1>
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<hw>Jac"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jaculated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jaculating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>jaculatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>jaculari</ets>. See <er>Ejaculate</er>.]</ety> <def>To throw or cast, as a dart; to throw out; to emit.</def>

<h1>Jaculation</h1>
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<hw>Jac`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jaculatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of tossing, throwing, or hurling, as spears.</def>

<blockquote>Hurled to and fro with <b>jaculation</b> dire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jaculator</h1>
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<hw>Jac"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who throws or casts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b>  <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The archer fish (<spn>Toxotes jaculator</spn>).</def>

<h1>Jaculatory</h1>
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<hw>Jac"u*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jaculatorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>jaculatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Darting or throwing out suddenly; also, suddenly thrown out; uttered in short sentences; ejaculatory; <as>as, <ex>jaculatory</ex> prayers</as>.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Jadding</h1>
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<hw>Jad"ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>See <er>Holing</er>.</def>

<h1>Jade</h1>
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<hw>Jade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Sp. <ets>jade</ets>, fr. piedra de <ets>ijada</ets> stone of the side, fr. <ets>ijada</ets> flank, side, pain in the side, the stone being so named because it was supposed to cure this pain. Sp. <ets>ijada</ets> is derived fr. L. <ets>ilia</ets> flanks. Cf. <er>Iliac</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A stone, commonly of a pale to dark green color but sometimes whitish. It is very hard and compact, capable of fine polish, and is used for ornamental purposes and for implements, esp. in Eastern countries and among many early peoples.</def>

<note>&hand; The general term <i>jade</i> includes nephrite, a compact variety of tremolite with a specific gravity of 3, and also the mineral jadeite, a silicate of alumina and soda, with a specific gravity of 3.3. The latter is the more highly prized and includes the feitsui of the Chinese. The name has also been given to other tough green minerals capable of similar use.</note>

<h1>Jade</h1>
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<hw>Jade</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>jade</ets>; cf. Prov. E. <ets>yaud</ets>, Scot. <ets>yade</ets>, <ets>yad</ets>, <ets>yaud</ets>, Icel. <ets>jalda</ets> a mare.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>A mean or tired horse; a worthless nag.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Tired as a <b>jade</b> in overloaden cart.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>A disreputable or vicious woman; a wench; a quean; also, sometimes, a worthless man.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>She shines the first of battered <b>jades</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>A young woman; -- generally so called in irony or slight contempt.</def>

<blockquote>A souple <b>jade</b> she was, and strang.
<i>Burns.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jade</h1>
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<hw>Jade</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jading</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>To treat like a jade; to spurn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>To make ridiculous and contemptible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I do now fool myself, to let imagination <b>jade</b> me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>To exhaust by overdriving or long-continued labor of any kind; to tire or wear out by severe or tedious tasks; to harass.</def>

<blockquote>The mind, once <b>jaded</b> by an attempt above its power, . . . checks at any vigorous undertaking ever after.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To fatigue; tire; weary; harass.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Jade</er>, <er>Fatigue</er>, <er>Tire</er>, <er>Weary</er>. <i>Fatigue</i> is the generic term; <i>tire</i> denotes fatigue which wastes the strength; <i>weary</i> implies that a person is worn out by exertion; <i>jade</i> refers to the weariness created by a long and steady repetition of the same act or effort. A little exertion will <i>tire</i> a child or a weak person; a severe or protracted task <i>wearies</i> equally the body and the mind; the most powerful horse becomes <i>jaded</i> on a long journey by a continual straining of the same muscles. <i>Wearied</i> with labor of body or mind; <i>tired</i> of work, <i>tired</i> out by importunities; <i>jaded</i> by incessant attention to business.</usage>

<h1>Jade</h1>
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<hw>Jade</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become weary; to lose spirit.</def>

<blockquote>They . . . fail, and <b>jade</b>, and tire in the prosecution.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jadeite</h1>
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<hw>Jade"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Jade</er>, the stone.</def>

<h1>Jadery</h1>
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<hw>Jad"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The tricks of a jade.</def>

<h1>Jadish</h1>
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<hw>Jad"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Vicious; ill-tempered; resembling a jade; -- applied to a horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Unchaste; -- applied to a woman.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Jaeger</h1>
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<hw>Jae"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Jager</er>.</def>

<h1>Jag</h1>
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<hw>Jag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets>gag</ets> aperture, cleft, chink; akin to Ir. & Gael. <ets>gag</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jagg</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>A notch; a cleft; a barb; a ragged or sharp protuberance; a denticulation.</def>

<blockquote>Arethuss arose . . .
From rock and from <b>jag</b>.
<i>Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Garments thus beset with long <b>jags</b>.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>A part broken off; a fragment.</def>

<i>Bp. Hacket.</i>

<p><b>3.</b>  <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A cleft or division.</def>

<cs><col>Jag bolt</col>, <cd>a bolt with a nicked or barbed shank which resists retraction, as when leaded into stone.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jag</h1>
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<hw>Jag</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jagged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jagging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To cut into notches or teeth like those of a saw; to notch.</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jagg</asp>.</def>

<cs><col>Jagging iron</col>, <cd>a wheel with a zigzag or jagged edge for cutting cakes or pastry into ornamental figures.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jag</h1>
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<hw>Jag</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>jag</ets>, <ets>jaug</ets>, a leather bag or wallet, a pocket. Cf. <er>Jag</er> a notch.]</altsp> <def>A small load, as of hay or grain in the straw, or of ore.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. &  Colloq. U.S.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jagg</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Forby.</i>

<h1>Jag</h1>
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<hw>Jag</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To carry, as a load; <as>as, to <ex>jag</ex> hay, etc.</as></def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Jaganatha,  Jaganatha</h1>
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<hw><hw>Jag`a*nat"ha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,  <hw>Jag`a*nat"ha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Juggernaut</er>.</def>

<h1>Jager</h1>
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<hw>Ja"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>j\'84ger</ets> a hunter, a sportsman. Cf. <er>Yager</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jaeger</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b>  <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A sharpshooter. See <er>Yager</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of gull of the genus <spn>Stercorarius</spn>. Three species occur on the Atlantic coast. The jagers pursue other species of gulls and force them to disgorge their prey. The two middle tail feathers are usually decidedly longer than the rest. Called also <altname>boatswain</altname>, and <altname>marline-spike bird</altname>. The name is also applied to the skua, or Arctic gull (<spn>Megalestris skua</spn>).</def>

<h1>Jagg</h1>
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<hw>Jagg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Jag</er>.</def>

<h1>Jagged</h1>
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<hw>Jag"ged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having jags; having rough, sharp notches, protuberances, or teeth; cleft; laciniate; divided; <as>as, <ex>jagged</ex> rocks</as>.</def> " <i>Jagged</i> vine leaves' shade." <i>Trench</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Jag"ged*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Jag"ged*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Jagger</h1>
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<hw>Jag"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who carries about a small load; a peddler. See 2d <er>Jag</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Jagger</h1>
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<hw>Jag"ger</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From 4th <er>Jag</er>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, jags; specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> jagging iron used for crimping pies, cakes, etc. <sd>(b)</sd> A toothed chisel. See <er>Jag</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Jagger spring</col>, <cd>a spring beneath a seat, and resting on cleats or blocks in the body of a vehicle.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Jaggery</h1>
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<hw>Jag"ger*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind <ets>j\'begr\'c6</ets>. Cf. <er>Sugar</er>.]</ety> <def>Raw palm sugar, made in the East Indies by evaporating the fresh juice of several kinds of palm trees, but specifically that of the palmyra (<spn>Borassus flabelliformis</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jagghery</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Jaggy</h1>
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<hw>Jag"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having jags; set with teeth; notched; uneven; <as>as, <ex>jaggy</ex> teeth</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Jaghir</h1>
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<hw>Ja"ghir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>j\'beg\'c6r</ets>.]</ety> <def>A village or district the government and revenues of which are assigned to some person, usually in consideration of some service to be rendered, esp. the maintenance of troops.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jaghire</asp>, <asp>jagir</asp>, etc.]</altsp> <mark>[India]</mark>

<i>Whitworth.</i>

<h1>Jaghirdar</h1>
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<hw>Ja"ghir*dar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>j\'beg\'c6r-d\'ber</ets>.]</ety> <def>The holder of a jaghir.</def>

<h1>Jagua palm</h1>
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<hw>Ja"gua palm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Sp. <ets>jagua</ets> the fruit of the jagua palm.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A great Brazilian palm (<spn>Maximiliana regia</spn>), having immense spathes which are used for baskets and tubs.</def>

<h1>Jaguar</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Ja*guar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Braz. <ets>yago\'a0ra</ets>: cf. & Pg. <ets>jaguar</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large and powerful feline animal (<spn>Felis onca</spn>), ranging from Texas and Mexico to Patagonia. It is usually brownish yellow, with large, dark, somewhat angular rings, each generally inclosing one or two dark spots. It is chiefly arboreal in its habits. Called also the <altname>American tiger</altname>.</def><-- now Panthera onca; also called panther  -->

<h1>Jaguarondi</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Ja`gua*ron"di</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American wild cat (<spn>Felis jaguarondi</spn>), having a long, slim body and very short legs. Its color is grayish brown, varied with a blackish hue. It is arboreal in its habits and feeds mostly on birds.</def>

<h1>Jah</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jah</hw> <tt>(j&aum;)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>y\'beh</ets>.]</ety> <def>Jehovah.</def>

<i>Ps. lxviii. 4.</i>

<h1>Jail</h1>
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<hw>Jail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>jaile</ets>, <ets>gail</ets>, <ets>gayhol</ets>, OF. <ets>gaole</ets>, <ets>gaiole</ets>, <ets>jaiole</ets>, F. <ets>ge\'93le</ets>, LL. <ets>gabiola</ets>, dim. of <ets>gabia</ets> cage, for L. <ets>cavea</ets> cavity, cage. See <er>Cage</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of prison; a building for the confinement of persons held in lawful  custody, especially for minor offenses or with reference to some future judicial proceeding.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gaol</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>This <b>jail</b> I count the house of liberty.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Jail bird</col>, <cd>a prisoner; one who has been confined in prison.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>Jail delivery</col>, <cd>the release of prisoners from jail, either legally or by violence.</cd> -- <col>Jail delivery commission</col>. <cd>See under <er>Gaol</er>.</cd> -- <col>Jail fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>typhus fever, or a disease resembling it, generated in jails and other places crowded with people; -- called also <altname>hospital fever</altname>, and <altname>ship fever</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Jail liberties</col>, &or; <col>Jail limits</col></mcol>, <cd>a space or district around a jail within which an imprisoned debtor was, on certain conditions, allowed to go at large. <i>Abbott</i>.</cd> -- <col>Jail lock</col>, <cd>a peculiar form of padlock; -- called also <altname>Scandinavian lock</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jail</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jail</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To imprison.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>T. Adams (1614).</i>

<blockquote>[Bolts] that <b>jail</b> you from free life.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jailer</h1>
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<hw>Jail"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>jailer</ets>, <ets>gailer</ets>, OF. <ets>geolier</ets>, F. <ets>ge\'93lier</ets>. See <er>Jail</er>.]</ety> <def>The keeper of a jail or prison.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jailor</asp>, <asp>gaoler</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Jain, Jaina</h1>
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<hw><hw>Jain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Jai"na</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>Jaina</ets>, fr. <ets>Jina</ets>, a proper name, fr. <ets>jina</ets> victorious.]</ety> <def>One of a numerous sect in British India, holding the tenets of Jainism.</def>

<h1>Jainism</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jain"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The heterodox Hindoo religion, of which the most striking features are the exaltation of saints or holy mortals, called <i>jins</i>, above the ordinary Hindoo gods, and the denial of the divine origin and infallibility of the Vedas. It is intermediate between Brahmanism and Buddhism, having some things in common with each.</def>

<h1>Jairou</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jai*rou"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ahu or Asiatic gazelle.</def>

<h1>Jak</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>see Ils <er>Jack</er>.</def>

<h1>Jakes</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jakes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. F. <ets>Jacques</ets>, the proper name. See 2d <er>Jack</er>.]</ety> <def>A privy.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Jakie</h1>
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<hw>Ja"kie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American striped frog (<spn>Pseudis paradoxa</spn>), remarkable for having a tadpole larger than the adult, and hence called also <altname>paradoxical frog</altname>.</def>

<h1>Jako</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jak"o</hw> <tt>(j&acr;k"&osl;)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African parrot (<spn>Psittacus erithacus</spn>), very commonly kept as a cage bird; -- called also <altname>gray parrot</altname>.</def>

<h1>Jakwood</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jak"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Jackwood</er>.</def>

<h1>Jalap</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jal"ap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Sp. <ets>jalapa</ets>; -- so called from <ets>Jalapa</ets>, a town in Mexico, whence it was first obtained.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The tubers of the Mexican plant <spn>Ipom\'d2a purga</spn> (or <spn>Exogonium purga</spn>), a climber much like the morning-glory. The abstract, extract, and powder, prepared from the tubers, are well known purgative medicines. Other species of Ipom\'d2a yield several inferior kinds of jalap, as the <spn>I. Orizabensis</spn>, and <spn>I. tuberosa</spn>.</def>

<cs><col>False jalap</col>, <cd>the root of <spn>Mirabilis Jalapa</spn>, four-o'clock, or marvel of Peru.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jalapic</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Ja*lap"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to jalap.</def>

<h1>Jalapin</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jal"a*pin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside found in the stems of the jalap plant and scammony. It is a strong purgative.</def>

<h1>Jalons</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Ja`lons"</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. Of unknown origin.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Long poles, topped with wisps of straw, used as landmarks and signals.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Jalousie</h1>
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<hw>Ja`lou`sie"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Jealousy</er>.]</ety> <def>A Venetian or slatted inside window blind.</def>

<h1>Jalousied</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Ja`lou`sied"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with jalousies; <as>as, <ex>jalousied</ex> porches</as>.</def>

<h1>Jam</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. or Hind. <ets>j\'bemah</ets> garment, robe.]</ety> <def>A kind of frock for children.</def>

<h1>Jam</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jam</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>See <er>Jamb</er>.</def>

<h1>Jam</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jam</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jammed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jamming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Either fr. <ets>jamb</ets>, as if squeezed between <ets>jambs</ets>, or more likely from the same source as <ets>champ</ets> See <er>Champ</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>To press into a close or tight position; to crowd; to squeeze; to wedge in.</def>

<blockquote>The . . . <b>jammed</b> in between two rocks.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>To crush or bruise; <as>as, to <ex>jam</ex> a finger in the crack of a door</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b>  <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To bring (a vessel) so close to the wind that half her upper sails are laid aback.</def>

<i>W. C. Russell.</i>

<h1>Jam</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jam</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mass of people or objects crowded together; also, the pressure from a crowd; a crush; <as>as, a <ex>jam</ex> in a street; a <ex>jam</ex> of logs in a river.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>An injury caused by jamming.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Jam</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jam</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>jam</ets>, v.; but cf. also Ar. <ets>jamad</ets> ice, jelly, <ets>j\'bemid</ets> congealed, <ets>jamd</ets> congelation, ice.]</ety> <def>A preserve of fruit boiled with sugar and water; <as>as, raspberry <ex>jam</ex>; currant <ex>jam</ex>; grape <ex>jam</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>Jam nut</col>. <cd>See <cref>Check nut</cref>, under <er>Check</er>.</cd> -- <col>Jam weld</col> <fld>(Forging)</fld>, <cd>a butt weld. See under <er>Butt</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jamacina</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jam`a*ci"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Jamaicine.</def>

<h1>Jamadar</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jam"a*dar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Jemidar</er>.</def>

<h1>Jamaica</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Ja*mai"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the West India is islands.</def>

<cs><col>Jamaica ginger</col>, <cd>a variety of ginger, called also <altname>white ginger</altname>, prepared in Jamaica from the best roots, which are deprived of their epidermis and dried separately.</cd> -- <col>Jamaica pepper</col>, <cd>allspice.</cd> -- <col>Jamaica rose</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a West Indian melastomaceous shrub (<spn>Blakea trinervis</spn>), with showy pink flowers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jamaican</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Ja*mai"can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Jamaica.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A native or inhabitant of Jamaica.</def></def2>

<h1>Jamaicine</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Ja*ma"i*cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Jamaica</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid said to be contained in the bark of <spn>Geoffroya inermis</spn>, a leguminous tree growing in Jamaica and Surinam; -- called also <altname>jamacina</altname>.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Jamb</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jamb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>jaumb</ets>, <ets>jaum</ets>, F. <ets>jambe</ets> a leg, <ets>jambe de force</ets> a principal rafter. See <er>Gambol</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <fld>(Arch)</fld> <def>The vertical side of any opening, as a door or fireplace; hence, less properly, any narrow vertical surface of wall, as the of a chimney-breast or of a pier, as distinguished from its face.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<p><b>2.</b>  <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Any thick mass of rock which prevents miners from following the lode or vein.</def>

<h1>Jamb</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jamb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Jam</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Jambee</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jam*bee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Jamb</er>, <tt>n.</tt>: <ets>cf</ets>. OF. <ets>jamboier</ets> to walk.]</ety> <def>A fashionable cane.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tatler.</i>

<h1>Jambes, Jambeux</h1>
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<hw><hw>Jambes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Jam"beux</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[From  F. <ets>jambe</ets> a leg: cf. OF. <ets>jambiere</ets>. See <er>Jamb</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Ancient Armor)</fld> <def>In the Middle Ages, armor for the legs below the knees.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>giambeux</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Jambolana</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jam`bo*la"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Pg. <ets>jambol&atil;o</ets> a kind of tropical fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A myrtaceous tree of the West Indies and tropical America (<spn>Calyptranthes Jambolana</spn>), with astringent bark, used for dyeing. It bears an edible fruit.</def>

<h1>Jamdani</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Jam"da*ni</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A silk fabric, with a woven pattern of sprigs of flowers.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jamdanee</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Balfour (Cyc. of India).</i>

<h1>Jamesonite</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>Ja"me*son*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Prof. <er>Jameson</er>, of Edinburgh.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A steel-gray mineral, of metallic luster, commonly fibrous massive. It is a sulphide of antimony and lead, with a little iron.</def>

<h1>James's powder</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>James"'s pow`der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Antimonial powder, first prepared by Dr. <i>James</i>, ar English physician; -- called also <altname>fever powder</altname>.</def>

<h1>Jamestown weed</h1>
<Xpage=796>

<hw>James"town` weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The poisonous thorn apple or stramonium (<spn>Datura stramonium</spn>), a rank weed early noticed at <i>Jamestown</i>, Virginia. See <er>Datura</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; This name is often corrupted into <i>jimson</i>, <i>jimpson</i>, and <i>gympsum</i>.</note>

<hr>
<page="797">
Page 797<p>

<h1>Jan</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw>Jan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar.]</ety> <fld>(Moham. Myth.)</fld> <def>One of intermediate order between angels and men.</def>

<h1>Jane</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw>Jane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>Janua</ets> Genoa; L. <ets>Genua</ets>, also OE. <ets>Jean</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A coin of Genoa; any small coin.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>A kind of twilled cotton cloth. See <er>Jean</er>.</def>

<h1>Jane-of-apes</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw>Jane"-of-apes"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A silly, pert girl; -- corresponding to <i>jackanapes</i>.</def>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Jangle</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw>Jan"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jangled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;  <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jangling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>janglen</ets> to quarrel, OF. <ets>jangler</ets> to rail, quarrel; of Dutch or German origin; cf. D. <ets>jangelen</ets>, <ets>janken</ets>, to whimper, chide, brawl, quarrel.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>To sound harshly or discordantly, as bells out of tune.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>To talk idly; to prate; to babble; to chatter; to gossip.</def> "Thou <i>janglest</i> as a jay."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>To quarrel in words; to altercate; to wrangle.</def>

<blockquote>Good wits will be <b>jangling</b>; but, gentles, agree.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Prussian Trenck . . . jargons and <b>jangles</b> in an unmelodious manner.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jangle</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw>Jan"gle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to sound harshly or inharmoniously; to produce discordant sounds with.</def>

<blockquote>Like sweet bells <b>jangled</b>, out of tune, and harsh.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jangle</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw>Jan"gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF.<ets>jangle</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>Idle talk; prate; chatter; babble.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Discordant sound; wrangling.</def>

<blockquote>The musical <b>jangle</b> of sleigh bells.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jangler</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw>Jan"gler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>jangleor</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>An idle talker; a babbler; a prater.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>A wrangling, noisy fellow.</def>

<h1>Jangleress</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw>Jan"gler*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female prater or babbler.</def>

<h1>Janglery</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw>Jan"gler*y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>janglerie</ets> chattering, talk.]</ety> <def>Jangling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Jangling</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw>Jan"gling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Producing discordant sounds.</def> "A <i>jangling</i> noise."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Jangling</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw>Jan"gling</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Idle babbling; vain disputation.</def>

<blockquote>From which some, having swerved, have turned aside unto vain <b>jangling</b>.
<i>1 Tim. i. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Wrangling; altercation.</def>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Janissary</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw>Jan"is*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Janizary</er>.</def>

<h1>Janitor</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw>Jan"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>janua</ets> a door.]</ety> <def>A door-keeper; a porter; one who has the care of a public building, or a building occupied for offices, suites of rooms, etc.</def>

<h1>Janitress, Janitrix</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw><hw>Jan"i*tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Jan"i*trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>janitrix</ets>. See <er>Janitor</er>.]</ety> <def>A female janitor.</def>

<h1>Janizar</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw>Jan"i*zar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A janizary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Janizarian</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw>Jan`i*za"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the janizaries, or their government.</def>

<i> Burke.</i>

<h1>Janizary</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw>Jan"i*za*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Janizaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>janissaire</ets>, fr. Turk. <ets>ye<?/i-tsheri</ets> new soldiers or troops.]</ety> <def>A soldier of a privileged military class, which formed the nucleus of the Turkish infantry, but was suppressed in 1826.</def> <altsp>[written also <asp>janissary</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Janker</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw>Jan"ker</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A long pole on two wheels, used in hauling logs.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Jansenism</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw>Jan"sen*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>Jans\'82nisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>The doctrine of Jansen regarding free will and divine grace.</def>

<h1>Jansenist</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw>Jan"sen*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>Jans\'82niste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of Cornelius <i>Jansen</i>, a Roman Catholic bishop of Ypres, in Flanders, in the 17th century, who taught certain doctrines denying free will and the possibility of resisting divine grace.</def>

<h1>Jant</h1>
<Xpage=797>

<hw>Jant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Jaunt</er>.</def>

<h1>Janthina</h1>
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<hw>Jan"thi*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ianthina</er>.</def>

<h1>Jantily</h1>
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<hw>Jan"ti*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>See <er>Jauntily</er>.</def>

<h1>Jantiness</h1>
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<hw>Jan"ti*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Jauntiness</er>.</def>

<h1>Jantu</h1>
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<hw>Jan"tu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A machine of great antiquity, used in Bengal for raising water to irrigate land.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Janty</h1>
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<hw>Jan"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Jaunty</er>.</def>

<h1>January</h1>
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<hw>Jan"u*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Januarius</ets>, fr. <ets>Janus</ets> an old Latin deity, the god of the sun  and the year, to whom the month of January was sacred; cf. <ets>janua</ets> a door, Skr. <ets>y\'be</ets>  to go.]</ety> <def>The first month of the year, containing thirty-one days.</def>

<note>&hand; Before the adoption of New Style, the commencement of the year was usually reckoned from March 25.</note>

<h1>Janus</h1>
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<hw>Ja"nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>January</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A Latin deity represented with two faces looking in opposite directions. Numa is said to have dedicated to Janus the covered passage at Rome, near the Forum, which is usually called the Temple of Janus. This passage was open in war and closed in peace.</def>

<i>Dr. W. Smith.</i>

<cs><col>Janus cloth</col>, <cd>a fabric having both sides dressed, the sides being of different colors, -- used for reversible garments.</cd></cs>

<h1>Janus-faced</h1>
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<hw>Ja"nus-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Double-faced; deceitful.</def>

<cs><col>Janus-faced lock</col>, <cd>one having duplicate faces so as to go upon a right or a left hand door, the key entering on either side indifferently.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Janus-headed</h1>
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<hw>Ja"nus-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Double-headed.</def>

<h1>Japan</h1>
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<hw>Ja*pan"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Japan</ets>, the country.]</ety> <def>Work varnished and figured in the Japanese manner; also, the varnish or lacquer used in japanning.</def>

<h1>Japan</h1>
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<hw>Ja*pan"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Japan, or to the lacquered work of that country; <as>as, <ex>Japan</ex> ware</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Japan allspice</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a spiny shrub from Japan (<spn>Chimonanthus fragrans</spn>), related to the Carolina allspice.</cd> -- <col>Japan black</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a quickly drying black lacquer or varnish, consisting essentially of asphaltum dissolved in naphtha or turpentine, and used for coating ironwork; -- called also <altname>Brunswick black</altname>, <altname>Japan lacquer</altname>, or simply <altname>Japan</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Japan camphor</col>, <cd>ordinary camphor brought from China or Japan, as distinguished from the rare variety called <i>borneol<i> or <i>Borneo camphor<i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Japan clover</col>, &or; <col>Japan pea</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a cloverlike plant (<spn>Lespedeza striata</spn>) from Eastern Asia, useful for fodder, first noticed in the Southern United States about 1860, but now become very common.  During the Civil War it was called variously <altname>Yankee clover</altname> and <altname>Rebel clover</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Japan earth</col>. <cd>See <er>Catechu</er>.</cd> -- <col>Japan ink</col>, <cd>a kind of writing ink, of a deep, glossy black when dry.</cd> -- <col>Japan varnish</col>, <cd>a varnish prepared from the milky juice of the <spn>Rhus vernix</spn>, a small Japanese tree related to the poison sumac.</cd></cs>

<h1>Japan</h1>
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<hw>Ja*pan"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Japanned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Japanning</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>To cover with a coat of hard, brilliant varnish, in the manner of the Japanese; to lacquer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>To give a glossy black to, as shoes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Japanese</h1>
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<hw>Jap`a*nese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Japan, or its inhabitants.</def>

<h1>Japanese</h1>
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<hw>Jap`a*nese"</hw>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>A native or inhabitant of Japan; collectively, the people of Japan.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <singf>sing.</sing> <def>The language of the people of Japan.</def>

<h1>Japanned</h1>
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<hw>Ja*panned"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Treated, or coated, with varnish in the Japanese manner.</def>

<cs><col>Japanned leather</col>,<cd>leather treated with coatings of Japan varnish, and dried in a stove.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Japanner</h1>
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<hw>Ja*pan"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who varnishes in the manner of the Japanese, or one skilled in the art.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>A bootblack.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Japanning</h1>
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<hw>Ja*pan"ning</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or act of varnishing in  the Japanese manner.</def>

<h1>Japannish</h1>
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<hw>Ja*pan"nish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>After the manner of the Japanese; resembling japanned articles.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Jape</h1>
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<hw>Jape</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from the same source as <ets>gab</ets>,influenced by F. <ets>japper</ets> to yelp. See <er>Gab</er> to deceive.]</ety> <def>To jest; to play tricks; to jeer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Jape</h1>
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<hw>Jape</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mock; to trick.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>I have not been putting a <b>jape</b> upon you.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The coy giggle of the young lady to whom he has imparted his latest merry <b>jape</b>.
<i>W. Besant.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Japer</h1>
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<hw>Jap"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A jester; a buffoon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Japery</h1>
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<hw>Jap"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>japerie</ets> a yelping.]</ety> <def>Jesting; buffoonery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Japhethite</h1>
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<hw>Ja"pheth*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Japhetite.</def>

<i>Kitto.</i>

<h1>Japhetic</h1>
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<hw>Ja*phet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, Japheth, one of the sons of Noah; <as>as, <ex>Japhetic</ex> nations, the nations of Europe and Northern Asia; <ex>Japhetic</ex> languages.</as></def>

<h1>Japhetite</h1>
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<hw>Ja"phet*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A descendant of Japheth.</def>

<h1>Japonica</h1>
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<hw>Ja*pon"i*ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., Japanese, fr. <ets>Japonia</ets> Japan.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of Camellia (<spn>Camellia Japonica</spn>), a native of Japan, bearing beautiful red or white flowers. Many other genera have species of the same name.</def>

<h1>Jar</h1>
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<hw>Jar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ajar</er>.]</ety> <def>A turn. [Only in phrase.]</def>

<cs><col>On the jar</col>, <cd>on the turn, ajar, as a door.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jar</h1>
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<hw>Jar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jarre</ets>, Sp. <ets>jarra</ets>, from Ar. <ets>jarrah</ets> ewer; cf. Pers. <ets>jarrah</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>A deep, broad-mouthed vessel of earthenware or glass, for holding fruit, preserves, etc., or for ornamental purposes; <as>as, a <ex>jar</ex> of honey; a rose <ex>jar</ex>.</as></def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>The measure of what is contained in a jar; <as>as, a <ex>jar</ex> of oil; a <ex>jar</ex> of preserves.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Bell jar</col>, <col>Leyden jar</col></mcol>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jar</h1>
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<hw>Jar</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jarred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>jarring</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>charken</ets> to creak, AS. <ets>cearcian</ets> to gnash, F. <ets>jars</ets> a gander, L. <ets>garrire</ets> to chatter, prate, OHG. <ets>kerran</ets> to chatter, croak, G. <ets>quarren</ets> to grumble, and E. <ets>jargon</ets>, <ets>ajar</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>To  give forth a rudely quivering or tremulous sound; to sound harshly or discordantly; <as>as, the notes <ex>jarred</ex> on my ears</as>.</def>

<blockquote>When such strings <b>jar</b>, what hope of harmony ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A string may <b>jar</b> in the best master's hand.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>To act in opposition or disagreement; to clash; to interfere; to quarrel; to dispute.</def>

<blockquote>When those renowned noble peers Greece
Through stubborn pride among themselves did <b>jar</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For orders and degrees
<b>Jar</b> not with liberty, but well consist.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jar</h1>
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<hw>Jar</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause a short, tremulous motion of, to cause to tremble, as by a sudden shock or blow; to shake; to shock; <as>as, to <ex>jar</ex> the earth; to <ex>jar</ex> one's faith.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>To tick; to beat; to mark or tell off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>My thoughts are minutes, and with sighs they <b>jar</b>
Their watches on unto mine eyes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jar</h1>
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<hw>Jar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rattling, tremulous vibration or shock; a shake; a harsh sound; a discord; <as>as, the <ex>jar</ex> of a train; the <ex>jar</ex> of harsh sounds.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Clash of interest or opinions; collision; discord; debate; slight disagreement.</def>

<blockquote>And yet his peace is but continual <b>jar</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cease, cease these <b>jars</b>, and rest your minds in peace.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>A regular vibration, as of a pendulum.</def>

<blockquote>I love thee not a <b>jar</b> of the clock.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b>  <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>In deep well boring, a device resembling two long chain links, for connecting a percussion drill to the rod or rope which works it, so that the drill is driven down by impact and is jerked loose when jammed.</def>

<h1>Jararaca</h1>
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<hw>Jar`a*ra"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg., from the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A poisonous serpent of Brazil (<spn>Bothrops jararaca</spn>), about eighteen inches long, and of a dusky, brownish color, variegated with red and black spots.</def>

<h1>Jarble</h1>
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<hw>Jar"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To wet; to bemire.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Jardini\'8are</h1>
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<hw>Jar`di`ni\'8are"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fem. of <ets>jardinier</ets> gardener. See <er>Garden</er>.]</ety> <def>An ornamental stand or receptacle for plants, flowers, etc., used as a piece of decorative furniture in room.</def>

<h1>Jards</h1>
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<hw>Jards</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jarde</ets>, <ets>jardon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A callous tumor on the leg of a horse, below the hock.</def>

<h1>Jargle</h1>
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<hw>Jar"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OSw. <ets>jerga</ets> to repeat angrily, to brawl, Icel. <ets>jarg</ets> tedious iteration, F. <ets>jargonner</ets> to talk jargon. See <er>Jargon</er> gabble.]</ety> <def>To emit a harsh or discordant sound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Jargon</h1>
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<hw>Jar"gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jargon</ets>, OF. also <ets>gargon</ets>, perh. akin to E. <ets>garrulous</ets>, or <ets>gargle</ets>.]</ety> <def>Confused, unintelligible language; gibberish; hence, an artificial idiom or dialect; cant language; slang.</def>  "A barbarous <i>jargon</i>." <i>Macaulay</i>. "All <i>jargon</i> of the schools." <i>Prior</i>.

<blockquote>The <b>jargon</b> which serves the traffickers.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<-- an idiom with frequent use of informal technical terms, as acronyms, used by specialists -->

<h1>Jargon</h1>
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<hw>Jar"gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jargon<?/<?/</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jargoning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To utter jargon; to emit confused or unintelligible sounds; to talk unintelligibly, or in a harsh and noisy manner.</def>

<blockquote>The noisy jay,
<b>Jargoning</b> like a foreigner at his food.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jargon</h1>
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<hw>Jar"gon</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[E.<ets>jargon</ets>, It. <ets>jiargone</ets>;  perh. fr. Pers. <ets>zarg<?/n</ets> gold-colored, fr. <ets>zar</ets> gold. Cf. <er>Zircon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of zircon. See <er>Zircon</er>.</def>

<h1>Jargonelle</h1>
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<hw>Jar`go*nelle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jargonelle</ets> a very gritty variety of pear. See <er>Jargon</er> zircon.]</ety> <def>A variety of pear which ripens early.</def>

<h1>Jargonic</h1>
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<hw>Jar*gon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the mineral jargon.</def>

<h1>Jargonist</h1>
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<hw>Jar"gon*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One addicted to jargon; one who uses cant or slang.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Jarl</h1>
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<hw>Jarl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel., nobleman, chief. See <er>Earl</er>.]</ety> <def>A chief; an earl; in English history, one of the leaders in the Danish and Norse invasions.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Jarnut</h1>
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<hw>Jar"nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Scand. origin: cf. Dan. <ets>jordn\'94d</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An earthnut.</def>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Jarosite</h1>
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<hw>Ja*ro"site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Barranco <ets>Jaroso</ets>, in Spain.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An ocher-yellow mineral occurring on minute rhombohedral crystals. It is a hydrous sulphate of iron and potash.</def>

<h1>Jar-owl</h1>
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<hw>Jar"-owl`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The goatsucker.</def>

<h1>Jarrah</h1>
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<hw>Jar"rah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The mahoganylike wood of the Australian <i>Eucalyptus marginata</i>. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</def>

<h1>Jarring</h1>
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<hw>Jar"ring</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Jar.</er>]</ety> <def>Shaking; disturbing; discordant.</def> "A jarring sound."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Jarring</h1>
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<hw>Jar"ring</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shaking; a tremulous motion; <as>as, the <ex>jarring</ex> of a steamship, caused by its engines</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Discord; a clashing of interests.</def> "Endless <i>jarrings</i> and immortal hate."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Jarringly</h1>
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<hw>Jar"ring*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a jarring or discordant manner.</def>

<h1>Jarvey, Jarvy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Jar"vey</hw>, <hw>Jar"vy</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The driver of a hackney coach.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>A hackney coach.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>The litter at the bottom of the <b>jarvy</b>.
<i>T. Hook.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jasey</h1>
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<hw>Ja"sey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wig; -- so called, perhaps, from being made of, or resembling, <i>Jersey</i> yarn.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Jashawk</h1>
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<hw>Jas"hawk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>eyas hawk</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young hawk.</def>

<i>Booth.</i>

<h1>Jasmine</h1>
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<hw>Jas"mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jasmin</ets>, Sp. <ets>jazmin</ets>, Ar. <ets>y\'besm\'c6n</ets>, Pers. <ets>y\'besm\'c6n</ets>; cf. It. <ets>gesmino</ets>, <ets>gelsomino</ets>. Cf. <er>Jessamine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shrubby plant of the genus <spn>Jasminum</spn>, bearing flowers of a peculiarly fragrant odor. The <spn>J. officinale</spn>, common in the south of Europe, bears white flowers. The Arabian jasmine is <spn>J. Sambac</spn>, and, with <spn>J. angustifolia</spn>, comes from the East Indies. The yellow false jasmine in the <spn>Gelseminum sempervirens</spn> (see <er>Gelsemium</er>). Several other plants are called <i>jasmine</i> in the West Indies, as species of <spn>Calotropis</spn> and <spn>Faramea</spn>.</def> <altsp>[Written also  <asp>jessamine</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><mcol><col>Cape jasmine</col>, &or; <col>Cape jessamine</col></mcol>, <cd>the <spn>Gardenia florida</spn>, a shrub with fragrant white flowers, a native of China, and hardy in the Southern United States.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jasp</h1>
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<hw>Jasp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Jasper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Jaspachate</h1>
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<hw>Jas"pa*chate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>iaspachates</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Agate jasper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Jasper</h1>
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<hw>Jas"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>jaspre</ets>, <ets>jaspe</ets>, OF. <ets>jaspre</ets>, <ets>jaspe</ets>, F. <ets>jaspe</ets>, L. <ets>iaspis</ets>, Gr. <?/; cf. Per. <ets>yashp</ets>, <ets>yashf</ets>, Ar.<ets>yashb</ets>, <ets>yasb</ets>, <ets>yasf</ets>, Heb. <ets>y\'beshpheh</ets>. Cf. <er>Diaper</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An opaque, impure variety of quartz, of red, yellow, and other dull colors, breaking with a smooth surface. It admits of a high polish, and is used for vases, seals, snuff boxes, etc. When the colors are in stripes or bands, it is called <stype>striped &or;  banded jasper</stype>. The Egyptian pebble is a brownish yellow jasper.</def>

<cs><col>Jasper opal</col>, <cd>a yellow variety of opal resembling jasper.</cd> -- <col>Jasper ware</col>, <cd>a delicate kind of earthenware invented by Josiah Wedgwood. It is usually white, but is capable of receiving color.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jasperated</h1>
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<hw>Jas"per*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>mixed with jasper; containing particles of jasper; <as>as, <ex>jasperated</ex> agate</as>.</def>

<h1>Jasperize</h1>
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<hw>Jas"per*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Usually p. p. <er>Jasperized</er> (<?/).]</ety> <def>To convert into, or make to resemble, jasper.</def>

<blockquote>Polished specimens of <b>jasperized</b> and agatized woods.
<i>Pop. Sci. Monthly.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jaspery</h1>
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<hw>Jas"per*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of jasper; mixed with jasper.</def>

<h1>Jaspidean, Jaspideous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Jas*pid"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Jas*pid"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>iaspideus</ets>. See <er>Jasper</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of jasper, or containing jasper; jaspery; jasperlike.</def>

<h1>Jaspilite</h1>
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<hw>Jas"pi*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>  <ety>[<ets>Jasper</ets> + -<ets>lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A compact siliceous rock resembling jasper.</def>

<h1>Jaspoid</h1>
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<hw>Jas"poid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jaspo\'8bde</ets>; <ets>jaspe</ets> jasper + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <def>Resembling jasper.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Jasponyx</h1>
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<hw>Jasp`o"nyx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>iasponyx</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. See <er>Jasper</er>, and <er>Onyx</er>.]</ety> <fld>(min.)</fld> <def>An onyx, part or all of whose layers consist of jasper.</def>

<h1>Jatrophic</h1>
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<hw>Ja*troph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to physic nuts, the seeds of plants of the genus <spn>Jatropha</spn>.</def>

<h1>Jaunce</h1>
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<hw>Jaunce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>jancer</ets>. Cf. <er>Jounce</er>, <er>Jaunt</er>.]</ety> <def>To ride hard; to jounce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Spurr'd, galled and tired by <b>jauncing</b> Bolingbroke.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jaundice</h1>
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<hw>Jaun"dice</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>jaunis</ets>, F. <ets>jaunisse</ets>, fr. <ets>jaune</ets> yellow, orig. <ets>jalne</ets>, fr. L. <ets>galbinus</ets> yellowish, fr. <ets>galbus</ets> yellow.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid condition, characterized by yellowness of the eyes, skin, and urine, whiteness of the f\'91ces, constipation, uneasiness in the region of the stomach, loss of appetite, and general languor and lassitude. It is caused usually by obstruction of the biliary passages and consequent damming up, in the liver, of the bile, which is then absorbed into the blood.</def>

<cs><col>Blue jaundice</col>. <cd>See <er>Cyanopathy</er>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="798">
Page 798<p>

<h1>Jaundice</h1>
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<hw>Jaun"dice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To affect with jaundice; to color by prejudice or envy; to prejudice.</def>

<blockquote>The envy of wealth <b>jaundiced</b> his soul.
<i>Ld. Lytton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jaundiced</h1>
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<hw>Jaun"diced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>affected with jaundice.</def>

<blockquote><b>Jaundiced</b> eyes seem to see all objects yellow.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Prejudiced; envious; <as>as, a <ex>jaundiced</ex> judgment</as>.</def>

<h1>Jaunt</h1>
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<hw>Jaunt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jaunted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jaunting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Scot. <ets>jaunder</ets> to ramble, <ets>jaunt</ets> to taunt, jeer, dial. Sw. <ets>ganta</ets> to play the buffoon, romp, jest; perh. akin to E. <ets>jump</ets>. Cf. <er>Jaunce</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>To ramble here and there; to stroll; to make an excursion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>To ride on a jaunting car.</def>

<cs><col>Jaunting car</col>, <cd>a kind of low-set open vehicle, used in Ireland, in which the passengers ride sidewise, sitting back to back.</cd> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jaunty car<asp>.]</altsp></cs>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Jaunt</h1>
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<hw>Jaunt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To jolt; to jounce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Jaunt</h1>
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<hw>Jaunt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wearisome journey.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Our Savior, meek, and with untroubled mind
After his a\'89ry <b>jaunt</b>, though hurried sore.
Hungry and cold, betook him to his rest.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>A short excursion for pleasure or refreshment; a ramble; a short journey.</def>

<h1>Jauntily</h1>
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<hw>Jaun"ti*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a jaunty manner.</def>

<h1>Jauntiness</h1>
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<hw>Jaun"ti*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being jaunty.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>jauntiness</b> of air I was once master of.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jaunty</h1>
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<hw>Jaun"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Jauntier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Jauntiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Formerly spelt <ets>janty</ets>, fr. F. <ets>gentil</ets>. See <er>Gentle</er>, and cf. <er>Genty</er>.]</ety> <def>Airy; showy; finical; hence, characterized by an affected or fantastical manner.</def>

<h1>Java</h1>
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<hw>Ja"va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the islands of the Malay Archipelago belonging to the Netherlands.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Java coffee, a kind of coffee brought from Java.</def>

<cs><col>Java cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the musang.</cd> -- <col>Java sparrow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of  finch (<spn>Padda oryzivora</spn>), native of Java, but very commonly kept as a cage bird; -- called also <altname>ricebird</altname>, and <altname>paddy bird</altname>. In the male the upper parts are glaucous gray, the head and tail black, the under parts delicate rose, and the cheeks white. The bill is large and red. A white variety is also kept as a cage bird.</cd></cs>

<h1>Javanese</h1>
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<hw>Jav`a*nese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Java, or to the people of Java.</def> -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt>  <def>A native or natives of Java.</def></def2>

<h1>Javel</h1>
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<hw>Jav"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A vagabond.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Javelin</h1>
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<hw>Jave"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>javeline</ets>; akin to Sp. <ets>jabalina</ets>, It. <ets>giavelina</ets>, and F. <ets>javelot</ets>, OF. <ets>gavlot</ets>. Cf. <er>Gavelock</er>.]</ety> <def>A sort of light spear, to be thrown or cast by thew hand; anciently, a weapon of war used by horsemen and foot soldiers; now used chiefly in hunting the wild boar and other fierce game.</def>

<blockquote>Flies the <b>javelin</b> swifter to its mark,
Launched by the vigor of a Roman arm?
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Javelin</h1>
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<hw>Jave"lin</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pierce with a javelin.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Javelinier</h1>
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<hw>Jave`lin*ier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A soldier armed with a javelin.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Jaw</h1>
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<hw>Jaw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A modification of <ets>chaw</ets>, formed under the influence of F. <ets>joue</ets> the cheek. See <er>Chaw</er>, <er>Chew</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the bones, usually bearing teeth, which form the framework of the mouth.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Hence, also, the bone itself with the teeth and covering.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>In the plural, the mouth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Fig.: Anything resembling the jaw of an animal in form or action; esp., <pluf>pl.</pluf>, the mouth or way of entrance; <as>as, the <ex>jaws</ex> of a pass; the <ex>jaws</ex> of darkness; the <ex>jaws</ex> of death</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b>  <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A notch or opening.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A notched or forked part, adapted for holding an object in place; <as>as, the <ex>jaw</ex> of a railway-car pedestal</as>. See <er>Axle guard</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of a pair of opposing parts which are movable towards or from each other, for grasping or crushing anything between them, <as>as, the <ex>jaws</ex> of a vise, or the <ex>jaws</ex> of a stone-crushing machine</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b>  <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The inner end of a boom or gaff, hollowed in a half circle so as to move freely on a mast.</def>

<p><b>5.<p><b>  <def>Impudent or abusive talk.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>H. Kingsley.</i>

<cs><col>Jaw bit</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a bar across the jaws of a pedestal underneath an axle box.</cd> -- <col>Jaw breaker</col>, <cd>a word difficult to pronounce.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><-- also, a piece of hard candy --> -- Jaw rope</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a rope which holds the jaws of a gaff to the mast.</cd> -- <col>Jaw tooth</col>, <cd>a molar or grinder; a back tooth.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jaw</h1>
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<hw>Jaw</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jawed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jawing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To scold; to clamor.</def> <mark>[Law]</mark>
<-- generally, to talk, esp. long-windedly or without special purpose -->

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Jaw</h1>
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<hw>Jaw</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To assail or abuse by scolding.</def> <mark>[Law]</mark>

<h1>Jawbone</h1>
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<hw>Jaw"bone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The bone of either jaw; a maxilla or a mandible.</def>

<-- Jawbone. v. t. & i.  To attempt to influence solely by talking, as contrasted with threatening or inducing by other means, e.g. legislation; esp. (1969, MW10) the use of public appeals by the President or other high government officials to influence the behavior of businessmen or labor leaders.  "Jawbone them into forgoing price increases." -->

<h1>Jawed</h1>
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<hw>Jawed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having jaws; -- chiefly in composition; <as>as, lantern-<ex>jawed</ex></as>.</def> "<i>Jawed</i> like a jetty."

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Law-fall</h1>
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<hw>Law"-fall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Depression of the jaw; hence, depression of spirits.</def>

<i>M. Griffith (1660).</i>

<h1>Jaw-fallen</h1>
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<hw>Jaw"-fall`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dejected; chopfallen.</def>

<h1>Jawfoot</h1>
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<hw>Jaw"foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Maxilliped</er>.</def>

<h1>Jawing</h1>
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<hw>Jaw"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Scolding; clamorous or abusive talk.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>H. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Jawn</h1>
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<hw>Jawn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Yawn</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Jawy</h1>
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<hw>Jaw"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the jaws.</def>

<i>Gayton.</i>

<h1>Jay</h1>
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<hw>Jay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>geai</ets>, OF. <ets>gai</ets>, <ets>jaj</ets>, perh. fr. OHG. <ets>g\'behi</ets>. Cf. <er>Gay</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of the numerous species of birds belonging to <spn>Garrulus</spn>, <spn>Cyanocitta</spn>, and allied genera. They are allied to the crows, but are smaller, more graceful in form, often handsomely colored, and usually have a crest.</def>

<note>&hand; The European jay (<spn>Garrulus glandarius</spn>) is a large and handsomely colored species, having the body pale reddish brown, lighter beneath; tail and wing quills blackish; the primary coverts barred with bright blue and black; throat, tail coverts, and a large spot on the wings, white. Called also <altname>jay pie</altname>, <altname>Jenny jay</altname>, and <altname>k\'91</altname>. The common blue jay (<spn>Cyanocitta cristata</spn>.), and the related species, are brilliantly colored, and have a large erectile crest. The California jay (<spn>Aphelocoma Californica</spn>), the Florida jay (<spn>A. Floridana</spn>), and the green jay (<spn>Xanthoura luxuosa</spn>), of Texas and Mexico, are large, handsome, crested species. The Canada jay (<spn>Perisoreus Canadensis</spn>), and several allied species, are much plainer and have no crest. See <er>Blue jay</er>, and <er>Whisky jack</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Jay thrush</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one several species of Asiatic singing birds, of the genera <spn>Garrulax</spn>, <spn>Grammatoptila</spn>, and related genera of the family <spn>Crateropodid\'91</spn>; as; the white-throated <i>jay thrush<i> (<spn>G. albogularis</spn>), of India.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jayet</h1>
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<hw>Jay"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Jet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Jayhawker</h1>
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<hw>Jay"hawk`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A name given to a free-booting, unenlisted, armed man or guerrilla. <note>[A term of opprobrium used in the war of 1861-65, U. S.]</note></def>

<h1>Jazel</h1>
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<hw>Ja"zel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gem of an azure color.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Jazerant</h1>
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<hw>Jaz"er*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>jacerant</ets>, <ets>jaseran</ets>, Sp. <ets>jacerina</ets>, cota <ets>jacerina</ets>, fr. <ets>jazarino</ets> Algerine, fr. Ar. <ets>jaz\'be\'c6r</ets> Algiers.]</ety> <def>A coat of defense made of small plates of metal sewed upon linen or the like; also, this kind of armor taken generally; <as>as, a coat of <ex>jazerant</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Jealous</h1>
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<hw>Jeal"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>jalous</ets>, <ets>gelus</ets>, OF. <ets>jalous</ets>, F. <ets>jaloux</ets>, LL. <ets>zelosus</ets> zealous, fr. <ets>zelus</ets> emulation, zeal, jealousy, Gr. <?/. See <er>Zeal</er>, and cf. <er>Zealous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>Zealous; solicitous; vigilant; anxiously watchful.</def>

<blockquote>I have been very <b>jeolous</b> for the Lord God of hosts.
<i>Kings xix. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How nicely <b>jealous</b> is every one of us of his own repute!
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Apprehensive; anxious; suspiciously watchful.</def>

<blockquote>'This doing wrong creates such doubts as these,
Renders us <b>jealous</b> and disturbs our peace.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The people are so <b>jealous</b> of the clergy's ambition.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>Exacting exclusive devotion; intolerant of rivalry.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt worship no other God; for the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a <b>jealous</b> God.
<i>Ex. xxxiv. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b>  <def>Disposed to suspect rivalry in matters of interest and affection; apprehensive regarding the motives of possible rivals, or the fidelity of friends; distrustful; having morbid fear of rivalry in love or preference given to another; painfully suspicious of the faithfulness of husband, wife, or lover.</def>

<blockquote>If the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be <b>jealous of his wife</b>.
<i>Num. v. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To both these sisters have I sworn my love:
Each <b>jealous</b> of the other, as the stung
Are of the adder.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is one of the best bonds, both of chastity and obedience, in the wife, if she think her husband wise; which she will never do if she find him <b>jealous</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Suspicious; anxious; envious.</syn> <usage> <er>Jealous</er>, <er>Suspicious</er>. <i>Suspicious</i> is the wider term. We <i>suspect</i> a person when we distrust his honesty and imagine he has some bad design. We are <i>jealous</i> when we suspect him of aiming to deprive us of what we dearly prize. Iago began by awakening the <i>suspicions</i> of Othello, and converted them at last into <i>jealousy</i>. "<i>Suspicion</i> may be excited by some kind of accusation, not supported by evidence sufficient for conviction, but sufficient to trouble the repose of confidence." "<i>Jealousy</i> is a painful apprehension of rivalship in cases that are peculiarly interesting to us." <i>Cogan.</i></usage>

<h1>Jealoushood</h1>
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<hw>Jeal"ous*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Jealousy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Jealously</h1>
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<hw>Jeal"ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a jealous manner.</def>

<h1>Jealousness</h1>
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<hw>Jeal"ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or quality of being jealous.</def>

<h1>Jealousy</h1>
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<hw>Jeal"ous*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Jealousies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[ F. <ets>jalousie</ets>. See <er>Jealous</er>, and cf. <er>Jalousie</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being jealous; earnest concern or solicitude; painful apprehension of rivalship in cases nearly affecting one's happiness; painful suspicion of the faithfulness of husband, wife, or lover.</def>

<blockquote>I was jealous for <b>jealousy.</b>
<i>Zech. viii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Jealousy is the</b> . . . apprehension of superiority.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whoever had qualities to alarm our <b>jealousy</b>, had excellence to deserve our fondness.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jeames</h1>
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<hw>Jeames</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrup. of <ets>James</ets>.]</ety> <def>A footman; a flunky.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Jean</h1>
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<hw>Jean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. named from <ets>Genoa</ets>. See <er>Jane</er>.]</ety> <def>A twilled cotton cloth.</def>

<cs><col>Satin jean</col>, <cd>a kind of jean woven smooth and glossy, after the manner of satin.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jears</h1>
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<hw>Jears</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See 1st <er>Jeer</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Jeat</h1>
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<hw>Jeat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Jet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Jedding ax</h1>
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<hw>Jed"ding ax`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stone mason's tool, having a flat face and a pointed part.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Jee</h1>
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<hw>Jee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Gee</er>.</def>

<h1>Jeel</h1>
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<hw>Jeel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>jh\'c6l</ets>.]</ety> <def>A morass; a shallow lake.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jhil</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[India]</mark>

<i>Whitworth.</i>

<h1>Jeer</h1>
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<hw>Jeer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gear</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A gear; a tackle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An assemblage or combination of tackles, for hoisting or lowering the lower yards of a ship.</def>

<cs><col>Jeer capstan</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an extra capstan usually placed between the foremast and mainmast.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jeer</h1>
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<hw>Jeer</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jeered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jeering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Perh. a corrup. of <ets>cheer</ets> to salute with cheers, taken in an ironical sense; or more prob. fr. D. gek<ets>scheren</ets> to jeer, lit., to shear the fool; <ets>gek</ets> a fool (see 1st <er>Geck</er>) + <ets>scheren</ets> to shear. See <er>Shear</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>To utter sarcastic or scoffing reflections; to speak with mockery or derision; to use taunting language; to scoff; <as>as, to <ex>jeer</ex> at a speaker</as>.</def>

<blockquote>But when he saw her toy and gibe and <b>jeer</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To sneer; scoff; flout; gibe; mock.</syn>

<h1>Jeer</h1>
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<hw>Jeer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat with scoffs or derision; to address with jeers; to taunt; to flout; to mock at.</def>

<blockquote>And if we can not <b>jeer</b> them, we <b>jeer</b> ourselves.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jeer</h1>
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<hw>Jeer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A railing remark or reflection; a scoff; a taunt; a biting jest; a flout; a jibe; mockery.</def>

<blockquote>Midas, exposed to all their <b>jeers</b>,
Had lost his art, and kept his ears.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jeerer</h1>
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<hw>Jeer"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A scoffer; a railer; a mocker.</def>

<h1>Jeering</h1>
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<hw>Jeer"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mocking; scoffing.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt>  <def>A mocking utterance.</def></def2> -- <wordforms><wf>Jeer"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Jeers</h1>
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<hw>Jeers</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See 1st <er>Jeer</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Jeffersonia</h1>
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<hw>Jef`fer*so"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Named after Thomas <ets>Jefferson</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American herb with a pretty, white, solitary blossom, and deeply two-cleft leaves (<spn>Jeffersonia diphylla</spn>); twinleaf.</def>

<h1>Jeffersonian</h1>
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<hw>Jef`fer*so"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characteristic of, Thomas Jefferson or his policy or political doctrines.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Jeffersonite</h1>
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<hw>Jef"fer*son*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after Thomas <ets>Jefferson</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of pyroxene of olive-green color passing into brown. It contains zinc.</def>

<h1>Jeg</h1>
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<hw>Jeg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>See <er>Jig</er>, 6.</def>

<h1>Jehovah</h1>
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<hw>Je*ho"vah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. usually <ets>y&ecr;h&omac;v\'beh</ets> (with the vowel points of <ets>&acr;d&omac;n\'bei</ets> Lord), sometimes (to avoid repetition) <ets>y&ecr;h&omac;vih</ets> (with the vowel points of <ets>&ecr;l&omac;h\'c6m</ets> God); but only the four Heb, consonants <ets>yhvh</ets> are conceded to be certainly known.]</ety> <def>A Scripture name of the Supreme Being, by which he was revealed to the Jews as their covenant God or Sovereign of the theocracy; the "ineffable name" of the Supreme Being, which was not pronounced by the Jews.</def>

<h1>Jehovist</h1>
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<hw>Je*ho"vist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who maintains that the vowel points of the word <i>Jehovah</i>, in Hebrew, are the proper vowels of that word; -- opposed to <i>adonist</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>The writer of the passages of the Old Testament, especially those of the Pentateuch, in which the Supreme Being is styled <i>Jehovah</i>. See <er>Elohist</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The characteristic manner of the <b>Jehovist</b> differs from that of his predecessor [the Elohist]. He is fuller and freer in his descriptions; more reflective in his assignment of motives and causes; more artificial in mode of narration.
<i>S. Davidson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jehovistic</h1>
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<hw>Je`ho*vis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or containing, Jehovah, as a name of God; -- said of certain parts of the Old Testament, especially of the Pentateuch, in which <i>Jehovah</i> appears as the name of the Deity. See <er>Elohistic</er>.</def>

<h1>Jehu</h1>
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<hw>Je"hu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Jehu</ets>, son of Nimshi. <ets>2 Kings</ets> ix. 20.]</ety> <def>A coachman; a driver; especially, one who drives furiously.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Jejunal</h1>
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<hw>Je*ju"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the jejunum.</def>

<h1>Jejune</h1>
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<hw>Je*june"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jejunus</ets> fasting, hungry, dry, barren, scanty; of unknown origin.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>Lacking matter; empty; void of substance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Void of interest; barren; meager; dry; <as>as, a <ex>jejune</ex> narrative</as>.</def>

- <wordforms><wf>Je*june"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Je*june"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Jefunity</h1>
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<hw>Je*fu"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being jejune; jejuneness.</def>

<h1>Jejunum</h1>
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<hw>Je*ju"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>jejunus</ets> empty, dry.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The middle division of the small intestine, between the duodenum and ileum; -- so called because usually found empty after death.</def>

<h1>Jelerang</h1>
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<hw>Jel"er*ang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, handsome squirrel (<spn>Sciurus Javensis</spn>), native of Java and Southern Asia; -- called also <altname>Java squirrel</altname>.</def>

<h1>Jell</h1>
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<hw>Jell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To jelly.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Jellied</h1>
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<hw>Jel"lied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Brought to the state or consistence of jelly.</def>

<h1>Jelly</h1>
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<hw>Jel"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Jellies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[ Formerly <ets>gelly</ets>, <ets>gely</ets>, F. <ets>gel\'82e</ets> jelly, frost, fr. <ets>geler</ets> to freeze. L. <ets>gelare</ets>; akin to <ets>gelu</ets> frost. See <er>Gelid</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>Anything brought to a gelatinous condition; a viscous, translucent substance in a condition between liquid and solid; a stiffened solution of gelatin, gum, or the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>The juice of fruits or meats boiled with sugar to an elastic consistence; <as>as, currant <ex>jelly</ex>; calf's-foot <ex>jelly</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>Jelly bag</col>, <cd>a bag through which the material for jelly is strained.</cd> -- <col>Jelly mold</col>, <cd>a mold for forming jelly in ornamental shapes.</cd> -- <col>Jelly plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>Australian name of an edible seaweed (<spn>Eucheuma speciosum</spn>), from which an excellent jelly is made. <i>J. Smith</i>.</cd> -- <col>Jelly powder</col>, <cd>an explosive, composed of nitroglycerin and collodion cotton; -- so called from its resemblance to calf's-foot jelly.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jelly</h1>
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<hw>Jel"ly</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jellied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jellying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To become jelly; to come to the state or consistency of jelly.</def>

<h1>Jellyfish</h1>
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<hw>Jel"ly*fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of the acalephs, esp. one of the larger species, having a jellylike appearance. See <er>Medusa</er>.</def>

<h1>Jemidar</h1>
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<hw>Jem"i*dar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. & Hind. <ets>jama-d\'ber</ets>.]</ety> <def>The chief or leader of a hand or body of persons; esp., in the native army of India, an officer of a rank corresponding to that of lieutenant in the English army.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jemadar</asp>, <asp>jamadar</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Jemlah goat</h1>
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<hw>Jem"lah goat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The jharal.</def>

<h1>Jemminess</h1>
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<hw>Jem"mi*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Spruceness.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Pegge (1814).</i>

<h1>Jemmy</h1>
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<hw>Jem"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gim</er>, and <er>Gimp</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Spruce.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Jemmy</h1>
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<hw>Jem"my</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A short crowbar. See <er>Jimmy</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>A baked sheep's head.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Jeniquen</h1>
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<hw>Je*ni"quen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>jeniquen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Mexican name for the Sisal hemp (<spn>Agave rigida</spn>, <it>var.</it> <spn>Sisalana</spn>); also, its fiber.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>hen\'c6equen</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Jenite</h1>
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<hw>Je"nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Yenite</er>.</def>

<h1>Jenkins</h1>
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<hw>Jen"kins</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>name of contempt for a flatterer of persons high in social or official life; as, the <i>Jenkins</i> employed by a newspaper.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Eng. & U.S.]</mark>

<i>G. W. Curtis.</i>

<hr>
<page="799">
Page 799<p>

<h1>Jennet</h1>
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<hw>Jen"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>genet</ets>, Sp. <ets>jinete</ets>, orig., a mounted soldier, Ar. <ets>zen\'beta</ets> a tribe of Barbary celebrated for its cavalry.]</ety> <def>A small Spanish horse; a genet.</def>

<h1>Jenneting</h1>
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<hw>Jen"net*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. a dim. of <ets>Jean</ets> John, so named as becoming ripe about St. <ets>John's</ets> day, June 24. F. <ets>Jean</ets> is fr. L. <ets>Johannes</ets>. See <er>Zany</er>.]</ety> <def>A variety of early apple. See <er>Juneating</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also  <asp>geniting</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Jenny</h1>
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<hw>Jen"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Jennies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>A familiar or pet form of the proper name <i>Jane</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A familiar name of the European wren.</def>

<cs><col>Jenny ass</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a female ass.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jenny</h1>
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<hw>Jen"ny</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>gin</ets> an engine; influenced by <ets>Jenny</ets>, the proper name. See <er>Gin</er> an engine, and cf. <er>Ginny-carriage</er>.]</ety> <def>A machine for spinning a number of threads at once, -- used in factories.</def>

<h1>Jentling</h1>
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<hw>Jent"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the genus <spn>Leuciscus</spn>; the blue chub of the Danube.</def>

<h1>Jeofail</h1>
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<hw>Jeof"ail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>j'ai failli</ets> I have failed.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An oversight in pleading, or the acknowledgment of a mistake or oversight.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Jeopard</h1>
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<hw>Jeop"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jeoparded</er>;  <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jeoparding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Jeopardy</er>.]</ety> <def>To put in jeopardy; to expose to loss or injury; to imperil; to hazard.</def>

<i>Sir T. North.</i>

<blockquote>A people that <b>jeoparded</b> their lives unto the death.
<i>Judg. v. 18.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To hazard; risk; imperil; endanger; expose.</syn>

<h1>Jeoparder</h1>
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<hw>Jeop"ard*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who puts in jeopardy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Jeopardize</h1>
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<hw>Jeop"ard*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jeopardized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jeopardizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To expose to loss or injury; to risk; to jeopard.</def>

<blockquote>That he should <b>jeopardize</b> his willful head
Only for spite at me.
<i>H. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jeopardous</h1>
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<hw>Jeop"ard*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Perilous; hazardous.</def>

<blockquote>His goodly, valiant, and <b>jeopardous</b> enterprise.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Jeop"ard*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Huloet.</i>

<h1>Jeopardy</h1>
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<hw>Jeop"ard*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>jupartie</ets>, <ets>juperti</ets>, <ets>jeuparti</ets>, OF. <ets>jeu parti</ets> an even game, a game in which the chances are even; OF. <ets>jeu</ets>, <ets>ju</ets>, F. <ets>jeu</ets> (L. <ets>jocus</ets> jest) + F. <ets>partier</ets> to divide, L. <ets>partire</ets> to divide. See <er>Joke</er>, and <er>Part</er>.]</ety> <def>Exposure to death, loss, or injury; hazard; danger.</def>

<blockquote>There came down a storm of wind on the lake; and they were filled with water, and were in <b>jeopardy</b>.
<i>Luke viii. 23.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Look to thyself, thou art in <b>jeopardy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Danger; peril; hazard; risk. See <er>Danger</er>.</syn>

<h1>Jeopardy</h1>
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<hw>Jeop"ard*y</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To jeopardize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Jerboa</h1>
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<hw>Jer*bo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>yarb<?/'</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any small jumping rodent of the genus <spn>Dipus</spn>, <i>esp</i>. <spn>D. \'92gyptius</spn>, which is common in Egypt and the adjacent countries. The jerboas have very long hind legs and a long tail.</def> <altsp>[Written also  <asp>gerboa</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; The name is also applied to other small jumping rodents, as the <spn>Pedetes Caffer</spn>, of the Cape of Good Hope.</note>

<cs><col>Jerboa kangaroo</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>small Australian kangaroo (<spn>Bettongia penicillata</spn>), about the size of a common hare.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jereed</h1>
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<hw>Jer*eed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>jer\'c6d</ets>. Cf. <er>Djereed</er>.]</ety> <def>A blunt javelin used by the people of the Levant, especially in mock fights.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jerreed</asp>, <asp>jerid</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Jeremiad, Jeremiade</h1>
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<hw><hw>Jer`e*mi"ad</hw>, <hw>Jer`e*mi"ade</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Jeremiah</ets>, the prophet: cf. F. <ets>j\'82r\'82miade</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tale of sorrow, disappointment, or complaint; a doleful story; a dolorous tirade; -- generally used satirically.</def>

<blockquote>He has prolonged his complaint into an endless <b>jeremiad</b>.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jerfalcon</h1>
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<hw>Jer"fal`con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The gyrfalcon.</def>

<h1>Jerguer</h1>
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<hw>Jer"guer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Jerquer</er>.</def>

<h1>Jerid</h1>
<Xpage=799>

<hw>Jer*id"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Jereed</er>.</def>

<h1>Jerk</h1>
<Xpage=799>

<hw>Jerk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted from Peruv. <ets>charqui</ets> dried beef.]</ety> <def>To cut into long slices or strips and dry in the sun; <as>as, <ex>jerk</ex> beef</as>. See <er>Charqui</er>.</def>

<h1>Jerk</h1>
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<hw>Jerk</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jerked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;  <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jerking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to <ets>yerk</ets>, and perh. also to <ets>yard</ets> a measure.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>To beat; to strike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Florio.</i>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>To give a quick and suddenly arrested thrust, push, pull, or twist, to; to yerk; <as>as, to <ex>jerk</ex> one with the elbow; to <ex>jerk</ex> a coat off.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>To throw with a quick and suddenly arrested motion of the hand; <as>as, to <ex>jerk</ex> a stone</as>.</def>

<h1>Jerk</h1>
<Xpage=799>

<hw>Jerk</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>To make a sudden motion; to move with a start, or by starts.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>To flout with contempt.</def>

<h1>Jerk</h1>
<Xpage=799>

<hw>Jerk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>A short, sudden pull, thrust, push, twitch, jolt, shake, or similar motion.</def>

<blockquote>His jade gave him a <b>jerk</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>A sudden start or spring.</def>

<blockquote>Lobsters . . . swim backwards by <b>jerks</b>  or springs.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jerker</h1>
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<hw>Jerk"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>A beater.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. &  Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>One who jerks or moves with a jerk.</def>

<p><b>3.</b>  <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A North American river chub (<spn>Hybopsis biguttatus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Jerkin</h1>
<Xpage=799>

<hw>Jer"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of D. <ets>jurk</ets> a frock.]</ety> <def>A jacket or short coat; a close waistcoat.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Jerkin</h1>
<Xpage=799>

<hw>Jer"kin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A male gyrfalcon.</def>

<h1>Jerking</h1>
<Xpage=799>

<hw>Jerk"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of pulling, pushing, or throwing, with a jerk.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Jerk"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Jerkinhead</h1>
<Xpage=799>

<hw>Jer"kin*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The hipped part of a roof which is hipped only for a part of its height, leaving a truncated gable.</def>

<h1>Jerky</h1>
<Xpage=799>

<hw>Jerk"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Moving by jerks and starts; characterized by abrupt transitions; <as>as, a <ex>jerky</ex> vehicle; a <ex>jerky</ex> style.</as></def>

<h1>Jermoonal</h1>
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<hw>Jer*moon"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Himalayan now partridge.</def>

<h1>Jeronymite</h1>
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<hw>Je*ron"y*mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One belonging of the medi\'91val religious orders called <i>Hermits of St. Jerome</i>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Hieronymite</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Jeropigia</h1>
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<hw>Jer`o*pig"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Geropigia</er>.</def>

<h1>Jerquer</h1>
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<hw>Jer"quer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>chercher</ets> to search, E. <ets>search</ets>.]</ety> <def>A customhouse officer who searches ships for unentered goods. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jerguer.</asp>]</altsp></def>

<h1>Jerquing</h1>
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<hw>Jer"quing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The searching of a ship for unentered goods.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jerguer</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Jerquing</h1>
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<hw>Jer"quing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The searching of a ship for unentered goods.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Jerry-built</h1>
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<hw>Jer"ry-built`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Built hastily and of bad materials; <as>as, <ex>jerry-built</ex> houses</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Jersey</h1>
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<hw>Jer"sey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Jerseys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[From <ets>Jersey</ets>, the largest of the Channel Islands.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>The finest of wool separated from the rest; combed wool; also, fine yarn of wool.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>A kind of knitted jacket; hence, in general, a closefitting jacket or upper garment made of an elastic fabric (as stockinet).</def>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>One of a breed of cattle in the Island of Jersey. Jerseys are noted for the richness of their milk.</def>

<h1>Jerusalem</h1>
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<hw>Je*ru"sa*lem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. Heb. <ets>Y<?/r<?/sh\'belaim</ets>.]</ety> <def>The chief city of Palestine, intimately associated with the glory of the Jewish nation, and the life and death of Jesus Christ.</def>

<cs><col>Jerusalem artichoke</col> <ety>[Perh. a corrupt. of It. <ets>girasole</ets> <it>i.e.</it>, sunflower, or turnsole. See <er>Gyre</er>, <er>Solar</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An American plant, a perennial species of sunflower (<spn>Helianthus tuberosus</spn>), whose tubers are sometimes used as food</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>One of the tubers themselves.</cd> -- <col>Jerusalem cherry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the popular name of either of either of two species of <spn>Solanum</spn> (<spn>S. Pseudo-capsicum</spn> and <spn>S. capsicastrum</spn>), cultivated as ornamental house plants. They bear bright red berries of about the size of cherries.</cd> -- <col>Jerusalem oak</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an aromatic goosefoot (<spn>Chenopodium Botrys</spn>), common about houses and along roadsides.</cd> -- <col>Jerusalem sage</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a perennial herb of the Mint family (<spn>Phlomis tuberosa</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Jerusalem thorn</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a spiny, leguminous tree (<spn>Parkinsonia aculeata</spn>), widely dispersed in warm countries, and used for hedges.</cd> -- <col>The New Jerusalem</col>, <cd>Heaven; the Celestial City.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jervine</h1>
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<hw>Jer"vine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. Sp. <ets>yerba</ets> herb, OSp., the poison of the veratrum.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous alkaloid resembling veratrine, and found with it in white hellebore (<spn>Veratrum album</spn>); -- called also <altname>jervina</altname>.</def>

<h1>Jess</h1>
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<hw>Jess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Jesses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OF. <ets>gies</ets>, <ets>giez</ets>, prop. pl. of  <ets>giet</ets>, <ets>get</ets>, <ets>jet</ets>, F. <ets>jet</ets>, a throwing, jess. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting forth.]</ety> (<i>falconry</i>) <def>A short strap of leather or silk secured round the leg of a hawk, to which the leash or line, wrapped round the falconer's hand, was attached when used. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Falcon</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Like a hawk, which feeling freed
From bells and <b>jesses</b> which did let her flight.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jessamine</h1>
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<hw>Jes"sa*mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Jasmine</er>.</def>

<h1>Jessant</h1>
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<hw>Jes"sant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Springing up or emerging; -- said of a plant or animal.</def>

<h1>Jesse</h1>
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<hw>Jes"se</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.<ets>Jesse</ets>, the father of David, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. Herb. <ets>Yishai</ets>.]</ety> <def>Any representation or suggestion of the genealogy of Christ, in decorative art</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genealogical tree represented in stained glass</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A candlestick with many branches, each of which bears the name of some one of the descendants of Jesse; -- called also  <altname>tree of Jesse</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Jesse window</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a window of which the glazing and tracery represent the tree of Jesse.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jessed</h1>
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<hw>Jessed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having jesses on, as a hawk.</def>

<h1>Jest</h1>
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<hw>Jest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>jeste</ets>, <ets>geste</ets>, deed, action, story, tale, OF.  <ets>geste</ets>, LL. <ets>gesta</ets>, orig., exploits, neut. pl. from L. <ets>gestus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>gerere</ets> to bear, carry, accomplish, perform; perh. orig., to make to come, bring, and perh. akin to E. <ets>come</ets>. Cf. <er>Gest</er> a deed, <er>Register</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>A deed; an action; a gest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>jests</b> or actions of princes.
<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>A mask; a pageant; an interlude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i>

<blockquote>He promised us, in honor of our guest,
To grace our banquet with some  pompous <b>jest</b>.
<i>Kyd.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>Something done or said in order to amuse; a joke; a witticism; a jocose or sportive remark or phrase. See Synonyms under <er>Jest</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<blockquote>I must be sad . . . smile at no man's <b>jests</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Right Honorable gentleman is indebted to his memory for his <b>jests</b>, and to his imagination for his facts.
<i>Sheridan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b>  <def>The object of laughter or sport; a laughingstock.</def>

<blockquote>Then let me be your <b>jest</b>; I deserve it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>In jest</col>, <cd>for mere sport or diversion; not in truth and reality; not in earnest.</cd>

<blockquote>And given in earnest what I begged <b>in jest</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Jest book</col>, <cd>a book containing a collection of jests, jokes, and amusing anecdotes; a Joe Miller.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jest</h1>
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<hw>Jest</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jested</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jesting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>To take part in a merrymaking; -- especially, to act in a mask or interlude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>To make merriment by words or actions; to joke; to make light of anything.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>jests</b> at scars that never felt a wound.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To joke; sport; rally.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Jest</er>, <er>Joke</er>.  One  <i>jests</i> in order to make others laugh; one <i>jokes</i> to please himself. A <i>jest</i> is usually at the expense of another, and is often ill-natured; a <i>joke</i> is a sportive sally designed to promote good humor without wounding the feelings of its object. "<i>Jests</i> are, therefore, seldom harmless; <i>jokes</i> frequently allowable. The most serious subject may be degraded by being turned into a <i>jest</i>."</usage>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Jester</h1>
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<hw>Jest"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gestour</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>A buffoon; a merry-andrew; a court fool.</def>

<blockquote>This . . . was Yorick's skull, the king's <b>jester</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Dressed in the motley garb that <b>jesters</b> wear.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>A person addicted to jesting, or to indulgence in light and amusing talk.</def>

<blockquote>He ambled up and down
With shallow <b>jesters</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jestful</h1>
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<hw>Jest"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Given to jesting; full of jokes.</def>

<h1>Jesting</h1>
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<hw>Jest"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sportive; not serious; fit for jests.</def>

<blockquote>He will find that these are no <b>jesting</b> matters.
<i>Macaulay</i></blockquote>.

<h1>Jesting</h1>
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<hw>Jest"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or practice of making jests; joking; pleasantry.</def>

<i>Eph. v. 4.</i>

<h1>Jestingly</h1>
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<hw>Jest"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a jesting manner.</def>

<h1>Jesuit</h1>
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<hw>Jes"u*it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>J\'82suite</ets>, Sp. <ets>Jesuita</ets>: cf. It. <ets>Gesuita</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>One of a religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola, and approved in 1540, under the title of The Society of Jesus.</def>

<note>&hand; The order consists of Scholastics, the Professed, the Spiritual Coadjutors, and the Temporal Coadjutors or Lay Brothers. The Jesuit novice after two years becomes a Scholastic, and takes his first vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience simply. Some years after, at the close of a second novitiate, he takes his second vows and is ranked among the Coadjutors or Professed. The Professed are bound by a fourth vow, from which only the pope can dispense, requiring them to go wherever the pope may send them for missionary duty. The Coadjutors teach in the schools, and are employed in general missionary labors. The Society is governed by a General who holds office for life. He has associated with him "Assistants" (five at the present time), representing different provinces. The Society was first established in the United States in 1807. The Jesuits have displayed in their enterprises a high degree of zeal, learning, and skill, but, by their enemies, have been generally reputed to use art and intrigue in promoting or accomplishing their purposes, whence the words <i>Jesuit</i>, <i>Jesuitical</i>, and the like, have acquired an opprobrious sense.</note>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Fig.: A crafty person; an intriguer.</def>

<cs><col>Jesuits' bark</col>, <cd>Peruvian bark, or the bark of certain species of <spn>Cinchona</spn>; -- so called because its medicinal properties were first made known in Europe by Jesuit missionaries to South America.</cd> -- <col>Jesuits' drops</col>. <cd>See <cref>Friar's balsam</cref>, under <er>Friar</er>.</cd> -- <col>Jesuits' nut</col>, <cd>the European water chestnut.</cd> -- <col>Jesuits' powder</col>, <cd>powdered cinchona bark.</cd> -- <col>Jesuits' tea</col>, <cd>a Chilian leguminous shrub, used as a tea  and medicinally.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jesuited</h1>
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<hw>Jes"u*it*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Conforming to the principles of the Jesuits.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Jesuitess</h1>
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<hw>Jes"u*it*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>J\'82suitesse</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of an order of nuns established on the principles of the Jesuits, but suppressed by Pope Urban in 1633.</def>

<h1>Jesuitic, Jesuitical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Jes`u*it"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Jes`u*it"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>j\'82suitique</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>Of or pertaining to the Jesuits, or to their principles and methods.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Designing; cunning; deceitful; crafty; -- an opprobrious use of the word.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Jesuitically</h1>
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<hw>Jes`u*it"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a jesuitical manner.</def>

<h1>Jesuitism</h1>
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<hw>Jes"u*it*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>j\'82suitisme</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>The principles and practices of the Jesuits.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Cunning; deceit; deceptive practices to effect a purpose; subtle argument; -- an opprobrious use of the  word.</def>

<h1>Jesuitocracy</h1>
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<hw>Jes`u*it*oc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>  <ety>[<ets>Jesuit</ets> + -<ets>cracy</ets>,  as in  <ets>aristocracy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Government by Jesuits; also, the whole body of Jesuits in a country.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Jesuitry</h1>
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<hw>Jes"u*it*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Jesuitism; subtle argument.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Jesus</h1>
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<hw>Je"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Jesus</ets>, Gr. <?/, from Heb. <ets>Y\'82sh<?/a'</ets>; <ets>Y\'beh</ets> Jehovah + <ets>h<?/sh<?/a'</ets> to help.]</ety> <def>The <er>Savior</er>;  the name of the Son of God as announced by the angel to his parents; the personal name of Our Lord, in distinction from Christ, his official appellation.</def>

<i>Luke i. 31.</i>

<blockquote>Thou shalt call his name <b>Jesus</b>; for he shall save his people from their sins.
<i>Matt. i. 21.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand;The form <i>Jesu</i> is often used, esp. in the vocative.</note>

<blockquote><b>Jesu</b>, do thou my soul receive.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The Society of Jesus</col>. <cd>See <er>Jesuit</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jet</h1>
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<hw>Jet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as 2d <er>Get</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Jet</h1>
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<hw>Jet</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>jet</ets>, <ets>jayet</ets>, F. <ets>ja\'8bet</ets>, <ets>jais</ets>, L. <ets>gagates</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; -- so called from <?/ or <?/, a town and river in Lycia.]</ety> <altsp>[written also <asp>jeat</asp>, <asp>jayet</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of lignite, of a very compact texture and velvet black color, susceptible of a good polish, and often wrought into mourning jewelry, toys, buttons, etc. Formerly called also <altname>black amber</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Jet ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a blackish European ant (<spn>Formica fuliginosa</spn>), which builds its nest of a paperlike material in the trunks of trees.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jet</h1>
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<hw>Jet</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jet</ets>, OF. <ets>get</ets>, <ets>giet</ets>, L. <ets>jactus</ets> a throwing, a throw, fr. <ets>jacere</ets> to throw. Cf. <er>Abject</er>, <er>Ejaculate</er>, <er>Gist</er>, <er>Jess</er>, <er>Jut</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>A shooting forth; a spouting; a spurt; a sudden rush or gush, as of water from a pipe, or of flame from an orifice; also, that which issues in a jet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Drift; scope; range, as of an argument.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>The sprue of a type, which is broken from it when the type is cold.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<cs><col>Jet propeller</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a device for propelling vessels by means of a forcible jet of water ejected from the vessel, as by a centrifugal pump.</cd> -- <col>Jet pump</col>, <cd>a device in which a small jet of steam, air, water, or other fluid, in rapid motion, lifts or otherwise moves, by its impulse, a larger quantity of the fluid with which it mingles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jet</h1>
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<hw>Jet</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>  <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jetted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jetting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>jeter</ets>, L. <ets>jactare</ets>, freq. fr. <ets>jacere</ets> to throw. See 3d <er>Jet</er>, and cf. <er>Jut</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <def>To strut; to walk with a lofty or haughty gait; to be insolent; to obtrude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote> he <b>jets</b> under his advanced plumes!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>jet</b> upon a prince's right.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>To jerk; to jolt; to be shaken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<p><b>3.</b>  <def>To shoot forward or out; to project; to jut out.</def>

<h1>Jet</h1>
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<hw>Jet</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To spout; to emit in a stream or jet.</def>

<blockquote>A dozen angry models <b>jetted</b> steam.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jet-black</h1>
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<hw>Jet"-black`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Black as jet; deep black.</def>

<h1>Jet d'eau</h1>
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<hw>Jet` d'eau"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <plu>pl. <plw>Jets d'eau</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F., a throw of water. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting forth.]</ety> <def>A stream of water spouting from a fountain or pipe (especially from one arranged to throw water upward), in a public place or in a garden, for ornament.</def>

<h1>Jeterus</h1>
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<hw>Jet"e*rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A yellowness of the parts of plants which are normally green; yellows.</def>

<h1>Jetsam, Jetson</h1>
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<hw><hw>Jet"sam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Jet"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jeter</ets> to throw: cf. OF. <ets>getaison</ets> a throwing. Cf. <er>Flotsam</er>, <er>Jettison</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b>  <fld>(Mar. Law)</fld> <def>Goods which sink when cast into the sea, and remain under water; -- distinguished from <i>flotsam</i>, goods which float, and <i>ligan</i>, goods which are sunk attached to a buoy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b>  <def>Jettison. See <er>Jettison</er>, 1.</def>

<hr>
<page="800">
Page 800<p>

<hr>
<page="800">
Page 800<p>
<-- remainder of previous definition (Jetsam) at top of p. 800 was transferred to the file W700-799 -->

<-- jet set.  an international group of wealthy individuals who travel frequently to international resorts. -- the group is not organized, but membership defined solely by frequent travel for pleasure -- [from jet plane, the conveyance used in their travels.]
  jet-setter a member of the jet set.
  jet-setting. frequent international travel for pleasure, as contrasted with business.
 -->

<h1>Jetteau</h1>
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<hw>Jet"teau</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Jet d'eau</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Jettee</h1>
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<hw>Jet"tee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Jetty</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<i> Burke.</i>

<h1>Jetter</h1>
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<hw>Jet"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who struts; one who bears himself jauntily; a fop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Palsgrave.</i>

<h1>Jettison</h1>
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<hw>Jet"ti*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Jetsam</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mar. Law)</fld> <def>The throwing overboard of goods from necessity, in order to lighten a vessel in danger of wreck.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Jetsam</er>, 1.</def>

<h1>Jetton</h1>
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<hw>Jet"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jeton</ets>.]</ety> <def>A metal counter used in playing cards.</def>

<h1>Jetty</h1>
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<hw>Jet"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of jet, or like jet in color.</def>

<blockquote>The people . . . are of a <b>jetty</b>.
<i> Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jetty</h1>
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<hw>Jet"ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Jetties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F.<ets>jet\'82e</ets> a pier, a jetty, a causeway. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting forth, and cf. <er>Jutty</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A part of a building that jets or projects beyond the rest, and overhangs the wall below.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wharf or pier extending from the shore.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Hydraul. Engin.)</fld> <def>A structure of wood or stone extended into the sea to influence the current or tide, or to protect a harbor; a mole; <as>as, the Eads system of <ex>jetties</ex> at the mouth of the Mississippi River</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Jetty ad</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a projecting part at the end of a wharf; the front of a wharf whose side forms one of the cheeks of a dock.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jetty</h1>
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<hw>Jet"ty</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To jut out; to project.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Florio.</i>

<h1>Jeu d'esprit</h1>
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<hw>Jeu" d'es`prit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., play of mind.]</ety> <def>A witticism.</def>

<h1>Jew</h1>
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<hw>Jew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>Juis</ets>, pl., F. <ets>Juif</ets>, L. <ets>Judaeus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ the country of the Jews, Judea, fr. Heb. <ets>Y<?/h<?/d\'beh</ets> Judah, son of Jacob. Cf. <er>Judaic</er>.]</ety> <def>Originally, one belonging to the tribe or kingdom of Judah; after the return from the Babylonish captivity, any member of the new state; a Hebrew; an Israelite.</def>

<cs><col>Jew's frankincense</col>, <cd>gum styrax, or benzoin.</cd> -- <col>Jew's mallow</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an annual herb (<spn>Corchorus olitorius</spn>) cultivated in Syria and Egypt as a pot herb, and in India for its fiber.</cd> -- <col>Jew's pitch</col>, <cd>asphaltum; bitumen.</cd> -- <col>The Wandering Jew</col>, <cd>an imaginary personage, who, for his cruelty to the Savior during his passion, is doomed to wander on the earth till Christ's second coming.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jewbush</h1>
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<hw>Jew"bush`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A euphorbiaceous shrub of the genus <spn>Pedilanthus</spn> (<spn>P. tithymaloides</spn>), found in the West Indies, and possessing powerful emetic and drastic qualities.</def>

<h1>Jewel</h1>
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<hw>Jew"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>juel</ets>, <ets>jowel</ets>, OF. <ets>jouel</ets>, <ets>juel</ets>, <ets>joiel</ets>, F. <ets>joyau</ets>, dim. of OF. <ets>joie</ets> joy, jewel, F. joie joy. See <er>Joy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An ornament of dress usually made of a precious metal, and having enamel or precious stones as a part of its design.</def>

<blockquote>Plate of rare device, and <b>jewels</b>
Of rich and exquisite form.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A precious stone; a gem.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An object regarded with special affection; a precious thing.</def> "Our prince (<i>jewel</i> of children)."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A bearing for a pivot a pivot in a watch, formed of a crystal or precious stone, as a ruby.</def>

<cs><col>Jewel block</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>block at the extremity of a yard, through which the halyard of a studding sail is rove.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jewel</h1>
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<hw>Jew"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jeweled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, or <er>Jewelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jeweling</er>, or <er>Jewelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To dress, adorn, deck, or supply with jewels, as a dress, a sword hilt, or a watch; to bespangle, as with jewels.</def><-- Most common p.p. = bejeweled, bejewelled -->

<blockquote>The long gray tufts . . . are <b>jeweled</b> thick with dew.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jeweler</h1>
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<hw>Jew"el*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.<ets>joaillier</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who makes, or deals in, jewels, precious stones, and similar ornaments.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jeweller</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Jeweler's gold</col>. <cd>See under <er>Gold</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jewellery</h1>
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<hw>Jew"el*ler*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Jewelry</er>.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Jewelry</h1>
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<hw>Jew"el*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>joaillerie</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or trade of a jeweler.</def>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Jewels, collectively; <as>as, a bride's <ex>jewelry</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Jewelweed</h1>
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<hw>Jew"el*weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Impatiens</er>.</def>

<h1>Jewess</h1>
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<hw>Jew"ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>, <mord><tt>fem.</tt> of <er>Jew</er></mord>. <def>A Hebrew woman.</def>

<h1>Jewfish</h1>
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<hw>Jew"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A very large serranoid fish (<spn>Promicrops itaiara</spn>) of Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. It often reaches the weight of five hundred pounds. Its color is olivaceous or yellowish, with numerous brown spots. Called also <altname>guasa</altname>, and <altname>warsaw</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A similar gigantic fish (<spn>Stereolepis gigas</spn>) of Southern California, valued as a food fish.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The black grouper of Florida and Texas.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A large herringlike fish; the tarpum.</def>

<h1>Jewise</h1>
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<hw>Jew*ise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Juise</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Jewish</h1>
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<hw>Jew"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Jews or Hebrews; characteristic of or resembling the Jews or their customs; Israelitish.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Jew"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Jew"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Jewry</h1>
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<hw>Jew"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>Jewerie</ets>, OF. <ets>Juierie</ets>, F. <ets>Juiverie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Judea; also, a district inhabited by Jews; a Jews' quarter.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Teaching throughout all <b>Jewry</b>.
<i> Luke xxiii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jew's-ear</h1>
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<hw>Jew's"-ear`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of fungus (<spn>Hirneola Auricula-Jud\'91, &or; Auricula</spn>), bearing some resemblance to the human ear.</def>

<h1>Jew's-harp</h1>
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<hw>Jew's-harp`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Jew</ets> + <ets>harp</ets>; or possibly a corrupt. of <ets>jaw's harp</ets>; cf. G. <ets>maultrommel</ets>, lit., mouthdrum.]</ety

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument of music, which, when placed between the teeth, gives, by means of a bent metal tongue struck by the finger, a sound which is modulated by the breath; -- called also <altname>Jew's-trump</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The shackle for joining a chain cable to an anchor.</def>

<h1>Jew's-stone, Jewstone</h1>
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<hw><hw>Jew's-stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Jew"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A large clavate spine of a fossil sea urchin.</def>

<h1>Jezebel</h1>
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<hw>Jez"e*bel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Jezebel</ets>, Heb. <ets>Izebel</ets>, the wife of Ahab king of Israel.]</ety> <def>A bold, vicious woman; a termagant.</def>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<h1>Jharal</h1>
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<hw>Jha"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wild goat (<spn>Capra Jemlaica</spn>) which inhabits the loftiest mountains of India. It has long, coarse hair, forming a thick mane on its head and neck.</def>

<h1>Jib</h1>
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<hw>Jib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from its shifting from side to side. See <er>Jib</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>., <er>Jibe</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A triangular sail set upon a stay or halyard extending from the foremast or fore-topmast to the bowsprit or the jib boom. Large vessels often carry several jibe; <as>as, inner <ex>jib</ex>; outer <ex>jib</ex>; flying <ex>jib</ex>; etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is suspended.</def>

<cs><col>Jib boom</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a spar or boom which serves as an extension of the bowsprit. It is sometimes extended by another spar called the <i>flying jib boom</i></cd>. <altsp>[Written also <asp>gib boom</asp>.]</altsp> -- <col>Jib crane</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a crane having a horizontal jib on which a trolley moves, bearing the load.</cd> -- <col>Jib door</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a door made flush with the wall, without dressings or moldings; a disguised door.</cd> -- <col>Jib header</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a gaff-topsail, shaped like a jib; a jib-headed topsail.</cd> -- <col>Jib topsail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a small jib set above and outside of all the other jibs.</cd> -- <col>The cut of one's jib</col>, <cd>one's outward appearance. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Sir W. Scott. </i>

<h1>Jib</h1>
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<hw>Jib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Connected with <ets>jibe</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>giber</ets> to shake.]</ety> <def>To move restively backward or sidewise, -- said of a horse; to balk.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jibb</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Jibber</h1>
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<hw>Jib"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A horse that jibs.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Jibe</h1>
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<hw>Jibe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jibed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jibing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>gibbe</ets>, D. <ets>gijpen</ets>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and dial. Sw. <ets>gippa</ets> to jerk. Cf. <er>Jib</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To shift, as the boom of a fore-and-aft sail, from one side of a vessel to the other when the wind is aft or on the quarter. See <er>Gybe</er>.</def>

<h1>Jibe</h1>
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<hw>Jibe</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To change a ship's course so as to cause a shifting of the boom. See <er>Jibe</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and <er>Gybe</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To agree; to harmonize.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Jiffy</h1>
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<hw>Jif"fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. corrupt. fr. <ets>gliff</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>giffy</asp>.]</altsp> <def>A moment; an instant; <as>as, I will be ready in a <ex>jiffy</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>J. & H. Smith.</i>

<h1>Jig</h1>
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<hw>Jig</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>gigue</ets> a stringed instrument, a kind of dance, F. <ets>gigue</ets> dance, tune, gig; of German origin; cf. MHG. <ets>g\'c6ge</ets> fiddle, G. <ets>geige</ets>. Cf. <er>Gig</er> a fiddle, <er>Gig</er> a whirligig.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A light, brisk musical movement.</def>

<blockquote>Hot and hasty, like a Scotch <b>jib</b>.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A light, humorous piece of writing, esp. in rhyme; a farce in verse; a ballad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>jig</b> shall be clapped at, and every rhyme
Praised and applauded.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A piece of sport; a trick; a prank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Is't not a fine <b>jig</b>,
A precious cunning, in the late Protector?
<i> Beau & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A trolling bait, consisting of a bright spoon and a hook attached.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small machine or handy tool</def>; esp.: <fld>(Metal Working)</fld> <def>A contrivance fastened to or inclosing a piece of work, and having hard steel surfaces to guide a tool, as a drill, or to form a shield or templet to work to, as in filing</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>An apparatus or a machine for jigging ore.</def>

<cs><col>Drill jig</col>, <cd>a jig for guiding a drill. See <er>Jig</er>, <p><b>6</b> <sd>(a)</sd>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Jig drilling</col>, <col>Jig filing</col></mcol> <fld>(Metal Working)</fld>, <cd>a process of drilling or filing in which the action of the tool is directed or limited by a jig.</cd> -- <col>Jig saw</col>, <cd>a sawing machine with a narrow, vertically reciprocating saw, used to cut curved and irregular lines, or ornamental patterns in openwork, a scroll saw; -- called also <altname>gig saw</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jig</h1>
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<hw>Jig</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jigged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jigging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To sing to the tune of a jig.</def>

<blockquote><b>Jig</b> off a tune at the tongue's end.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To trick or cheat; to cajole; to delude.</def>

<i>Ford.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To sort or separate, as ore in a jigger or sieve. See <er>Jigging</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Metal Working)</fld> <def>To cut or form, as a piece of metal, in a jigging machine.</def>

<h1>Jig</h1>
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<hw>Jig</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To dance a jig; to skip about.</def>

<blockquote>You <b>jig</b>, you amble, and you lisp.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jigger</h1>
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<hw>Jig"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corrupt. of <ets>chigre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of flea (<spn>Sarcopsylla, &or; Pulex, penetrans</spn>), which burrows beneath the skin. See <er>Chigoe</er>.</def>

<h1>Jigger</h1>
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<hw>Jig"ger</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Jig</er>, <ets>n. & v.</ets>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, jigs; specifically, a miner who sorts or cleans ore by the process of jigging; also, the sieve used in jigging.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Pottery)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A horizontal table carrying a revolving mold, on which earthen vessels are shaped by rapid motion; a potter's wheel.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A templet or tool by which vessels are shaped on a potter's wheel.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A light tackle, consisting of a double and single block and the fall, used for various purposes, as to increase the purchase on a topsail sheet in hauling it home; the watch tackle.</def> <i>Totten</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small fishing vessel, rigged like a yawl.</def> <mark>[New Eng.]</mark> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A supplementary sail. See <er>Dandy</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2</def> <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A pendulum rolling machine for slicking or graining leather; same as <er>Jack</er>, 4 <sd>(i)</sd>.</def>

<cs><col>Jigger mast</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The after mast of a four-masted vessel</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The small mast set at the stern of a yawlrigged boat.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jigging</h1>
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<hw>Jig"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The act or using a jig; the act of separating ore with a jigger, or wire-bottomed sieve, which is moved up and down in water.</def>

<cs><col>Jigging machine</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <cd>A machine for separating ore by the process of jigging</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Metal Working)</fld> <cd>A machine with a rotary milling cutter and a templet by which the action of the cutter is guided or limited; -- used for forming the profile of an irregularly shaped piece; a profiling machine.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jiggish</h1>
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<hw>Jig"gish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resembling, or suitable for, a jig, or lively movement.</def>

<i>Tatler.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Playful; frisky.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>She is never sad, and yet not <b>jiggish</b>.
<i> Habington.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jiggle</h1>
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<hw>Jig"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>jig</ets>.]</ety> <def>To wriggle or frisk about; to move awkwardly; to shake up and down.</def>

<h1>Jigjog</h1>
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<hw>Jig"jog`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A jolting motion; a jogging pace.</def>

<h1>Jigjog</h1>
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<hw>Jig"jog</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a jolting motion.</def>

<h1>Jill</h1>
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<hw>Jill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Gill</er> sweetheart.]</ety> <def>A young woman; a sweetheart. See <er>Gill</er>.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Jill-flirt</h1>
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<hw>Jill"-flirt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A light, giddy, or wanton girl or woman. See <er>Gill-flirt</er>.</def>

<h1>Jilt</h1>
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<hw>Jilt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. fr. Scot. <ets>jillet</ets> a giddy girl, a jill-flirt, dim. of <ets>jill</ets> a jill.]</ety> <def>A woman who capriciously deceives her lover; a coquette; a flirt.</def>

<i>Otway.</i>

<h1>Jilt</h1>
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<hw>Jilt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jilted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jilting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cast off capriciously or unfeeling, as a lover; to deceive in love.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Jilt</h1>
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<hw>Jilt</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To play the jilt; to practice deception in love; to discard lovers capriciously.</def>

<i>Congreve.</i>

<h1>Jimcrack</h1>
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<hw>Jim"crack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gimcrack</er>.</def>

<h1>Jim-crow</h1>
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<hw>Jim"-crow`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A machine for bending or straightening rails.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A planing machine with a reversing tool, to plane both ways.</def>

<h1>Jimmy</h1>
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<hw>Jim"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Jimmies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. <er>Jemmy</er>.]</ety> <def>A short crowbar used by burglars in breaking open doors.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jemmy</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Jimp</h1>
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<hw>Jimp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Gimp</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Neat; handsome; elegant. See <er>Gimp</er>.</def>

<h1>Jimson weed</h1>
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<hw>Jim"son weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. See <er>Jamestown weed</er>.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Jin, Jinn</h1>
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<hw><hw>Jin</hw>, <hw>Jinn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Jinnee</er>.</def> "Solomon is said to have had power over the <i>jin</i>."

<i>Balfour (Cyc. of India).</i>

<h1>Jingal</h1>
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<hw>Jin*gal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>jang\'bel</ets> a swivel, a large musket.]</ety> <def>A small portable piece of ordnance, mounted on a swivel.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gingal</asp> and <asp>jingall</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Jingle</h1>
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<hw>Jin"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>gingelen</ets>, <ets>ginglen</ets>; prob. akin to E. <ets>chink</ets>; cf. also E. <ets>jangle</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To sound with a fine, sharp, rattling, clinking, or tinkling sound; <as>as, sleigh bells <ex>jingle</ex></as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>gingle</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rhyme or sound with a jingling effect.</def> "<i>Jingling</i> street ballads."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Jingle</h1>
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<hw>Jin"gle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jingled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jingling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause to give a sharp metallic sound as a little bell, or as coins shaken together; to tinkle.</def>

<blockquote>The bells she <b>jingled</b>, and the whistle blew.
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jingle</h1>
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<hw>Jin"gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rattling, clinking, or tinkling sound, as of little bells or pieces of metal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which makes a jingling sound, as a rattle.</def>

<blockquote>If you plant where savages are, do not only entertain them with trifles and <b>jingles</b>,but use them justly.
<i> Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A correspondence of sound in rhymes, especially when the verse has little merit; hence, the verse itself.</def>" The least <i>jingle</i> of verse."

<i>Guardian.</i>

<cs><col>Jingle shell</col>. <cd>See <cref>Gold shell</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Gold</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jingler</h1>
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<hw>Jin"gler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, jingles.</def>

<h1>Jingling</h1>
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<hw>Jin"gling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of producing a jingle; also, the sound itself; a chink.</def> "The <i>jingling</i> of the guinea."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Jinglingly</h1>
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<hw>Jin"gling*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to jingle.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Jingo</h1>
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<hw>Jin"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Jingoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Said to be a corruption of St. <ets>Gingoulph</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A word used as a jocular oath.</def> "By the living <i>jingo</i>."

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A statesman who pursues, or who favors, aggressive, domineering policy in foreign affairs.</def> <mark>[Cant, Eng.]</mark>

<note>&hand; This sense arose from a doggerel song which was popular during the Turco-Russian war of 1877 and 1878. The first two lines were as follows: --

<blockquote>We don't want to fight, but by <b>Jingo</b> if we do,
We 've got the ships, we 've got the men, we 've got the money too.
</note>

<h1>Jingoism</h1>
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<hw>Jin"go*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The policy of the Jingoes, so called. See <er>Jingo</er>, 2.</def> <mark>[Cant, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Jinnee</h1>
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<hw>Jin"nee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Jinn</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Ar.]</ety> <fld>(Arabian & Mohammedan Myth.)</fld> <def>A genius or demon; one of the fabled genii, good and evil spirits, supposed to be the children of fire, and to have the power of assuming various forms.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jin</asp>, <asp>djinnee</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; <i>Jinn</i> is also used as <tt>sing.</tt>, with <tt>pl.</tt> <i>jinns</i> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</note>

<h1>Jinny road</h1>
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<hw>Jin"ny road`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Cf. <er>Gin</er> an engine, <er>Ginnycarriage</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>An inclined road in a coal mine, on which loaded cars descend by gravity, drawing up empty ones.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Jinrikisha</h1>
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<hw>Jin*rik"i*sha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Jap. <ets>jin</ets> man + <ets>riki</ets> power + <ets>sha</ets> carriage.]</ety> <def>A small, two-wheeled, hooded vehicle drawn by one more men.</def> <mark>[Japan]</mark>

<h1>Jippo</h1>
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<hw>Jip"po</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>juppon</ets>.]</ety> <def>A waistcoat or kind of stays for women.</def>

<h1>Jo</h1>
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<hw>Jo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Joes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A sweetheart; a darling.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Job</h1>
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<hw>Job</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>job</ets>, <ets>gob</ets>, <tt>n.</tt>, a small piece of wood, v., to stab, strike; cf. E. <ets>gob</ets>, <ets>gobbet</ets>; perh. influenced by E. <ets>chop</ets> to cut off, to mince. See <er>Gob</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden thrust or stab; a jab.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of chance or occasional work; any definite work undertaken in gross for a fixed price; <as>as, he did the <ex>job</ex> for a thousand dollars</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A public transaction done for private profit; something performed ostensibly as a part of official duty, but really for private gain; a corrupt official business.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any affair or event which affects one, whether fortunately or unfortunately.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<hr>
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Page 801<p>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A situation or opportunity of work; <as>as, he lost his <ex>job</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<note>&hand; <i>Job</i> is used adjectively to signify <i>doing jobs</i>, <i>used for jobs</i>, or <i>let on hire to do jobs</i>; as, <i>job</i> printer; <i>job</i> master; <i>job</i> horse; <i>job</i> wagon, etc.</note>

<cs><col>By the job</col>, <cd>at a stipulated sum for the work, or for each piece of work done; -- distinguished from <i>time work<i>; <as>as, the house was built <ex>by the job<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>Job lot</col>, <cd>a quantity of goods, usually miscellaneous, sold out of the regular course of trade, at a certain price for the whole; <as>as, these articles were included in a <ex>job lot<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>Job master</col>, <cd>one who lest out horses and carriages for hire, as for family use.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Job printer</col>, <cd>one who does miscellaneous printing, esp. circulars, cards, billheads, etc.</cd> -- <col>Odd job</col>, <cd>miscellaneous work of a petty kind; occasional work, of various kinds, or for various people.</cd></cs>

<h1>Job</h1>
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<hw>Job</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jobbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jobbing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike or stab with a pointed instrument.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To thrust in, as a pointed instrument.</def>

<i>Moxon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To do or cause to be done by separate portions or lots; to sublet (work); <as>as, to <ex>job</ex> a contract</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To buy and sell, as a broker; to purchase of importers or manufacturers for the purpose of selling to retailers; <as>as, to <ex>job</ex> goods</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To hire or let by the job or for a period of service; <as>as, to <ex>job</ex> a carriage</as>.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Job</h1>
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<hw>Job</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To do chance work for hire; to work by the piece; to do petty work.</def>

<blockquote>Authors of all work, to <b>job</b> for the season.
<i>Moore.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To seek private gain under pretense of public service; to turn public matters to private advantage.</def>

<blockquote>And judges <b>job</b>, and bishops bite the town.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To carry on the business of a jobber in merchandise or stocks.</def>

<h1>Job</h1>
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<hw>Job</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The hero of the book of that name in the Old Testament; the typical patient man.</def>

<cs><col>Job's comforter</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A false friend; a tactless or malicious person who, under pretense of sympathy, insinuates rebukes.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A boil</cd>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Job's news</col>, <cd>bad news. <i>Carlyle</i>.</cd> -- <col>Job's tears</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of grass (<spn>Coix Lacryma</spn>), with hard, shining, pearly grains.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jobation</h1>
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<hw>Jo*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>job</ets> to scold, to reprove, perh. fr. <ets>Job</ets>, the proper name.]</ety> <def>A scolding; a hand, tedious reproof.</def> <mark>[Law]</mark>

<i>Grose.</i>

<h1>Jobber</h1>
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<hw>Job"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who works by the job.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dealer in the public stocks or funds; a stockjobber.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who buys goods from importers, wholesalers, or manufacturers, and sells to retailers.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who turns official or public business to private advantage; hence, one who performs low or mercenary work in office, politics, or intrigue.</def>

<h1>Jobbernowl</h1>
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<hw>Job"ber*nowl`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>jobbernoule</ets>, fr. <ets>jobarde</ets> a stupid fellow; cf. E. <ets>noll</ets>.]</ety> <def>A blockhead.</def> <mark>[Colloq. & Obs.]</mark>

<i>H. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Jobbery</h1>
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<hw>Job"ber*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of jobbing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Underhand management; official corruption; <as>as, municipal <ex>jobbery</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Mayhew.</i>

<h1>Jobbing</h1>
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<hw>Job"bing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Doing chance work or add jobs; <as>as, a <ex>jobbing</ex> carpenter</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Using opportunities of public service for private gain; <as>as, a <ex>jobbing</ex> politician</as>.</def>

<i>London Sat. Rev.</i>

<cs><col>Jobbing house</col>, <cd>a mercantile establishment which buys from importers, wholesalers or manufacturers, and sells to retailers. <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Jocantry</h1>
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<hw>Jo"cant*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jocans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>jocare</ets> to jest, fr. <ets>jocus</ets> a jest.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of jesting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Jockey</h1>
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<hw>Jock"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Jockeys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Dim. of <ets>Jack</ets>, Scot. <ets>Jock</ets>; orig., a boy who rides horses. See 2d <er>Jack</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A professional rider of horses in races.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dealer in horses; a horse trader.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A cheat; one given to sharp practice in trade.</def>

<h1>Jockey</h1>
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<hw>Jock"ey</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jockeyed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jockeying</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>" To jostle by riding against one."</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To play the jockey toward; to cheat; to trick; to impose upon in trade; <as>as, to <ex>jockey</ex> a customer</as>.</def>

<h1>Jockey</h1>
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<hw>Jock"ey</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To play or act the jockey; to cheat.</def>

<h1>Jockeying</h1>
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<hw>Jock"ey*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or management of one who jockeys; trickery.</def>

<i>Beaconsfield.</i>

<h1>Lockeyism</h1>
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<hw>Lock"ey*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice of jockeys.</def>

<h1>Lockeyship</h1>
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<hw>Lock"ey*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art, character, or position, of a jockey; the personality of a jockey.</def>

<blockquote>Go flatter Sawney for his <b>jockeyship</b>.
<i>Chatterton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where can at last his <b>jockeyship</b> retire?
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jocose</h1>
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<hw>Jo*cose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L <ets>jocosus</ets>, fr. <ets>jocus</ets> joke. See <er>Joke</er>.]</ety> <def>Given to jokes and jesting; containing a joke, or abounding in jokes; merry; sportive; humorous.</def>

<blockquote>To quit their austerity and be <b>jocose</b> and pleasant with an adversary.
<i>Shaftesbury.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All . . . <b>jocose</b> or comical airs should be excluded.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Jocular; facetious; witty; merry; pleasant; waggish; sportive; funny; comical.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Jo*cose"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Jo*cose"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Spondanus imagines that Ulysses may possibly speak <b>jocosely</b>, but in truth Ulysses never behaves with levity.
<i>Broome.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He must beware lest his letter should contain anything like <b>jocoseness</b>; since jesting is incompatible with a holy and serious life.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jocoserious</h1>
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<hw>Jo`co*se"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Joco</ets>se + <ets>serious</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mingling mirth and seriousness.</def>

<i>M. Green.</i>

<h1>Jocosity</h1>
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<hw>Jo*cos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A jocose act or saying; jocoseness.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Jocular</h1>
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<hw>Joc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jocularis</ets>, fr. <ets>joculus</ets>, dim. of <ets>jocus</ets> joke. See <er>Joke</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Given to jesting; jocose; <as>as, a <ex>jocular</ex> person</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sportive; merry.</def> "<i>Jocular</i> exploits."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>The style is serious and partly <b>jocular</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jocularity</h1>
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<hw>Joc`u*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Jesting; merriment.</def>

<h1>Jocularly</h1>
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<hw>Joc"u*lar*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In jest; for sport or mirth; jocosely.</def>

<h1>Joculary</h1>
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<hw>Joc"u*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jocularius</ets>. Cf. <er>Jocular</er>.]</ety> <def>Jocular; jocose; sportive.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Joculator</h1>
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<hw>Joc"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Juggler</er>.]</ety> <def>A jester; a joker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Strutt.</i>

<h1>Joculatory</h1>
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<hw>Joc"u*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>joculatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Droll; sportive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Jocund</h1>
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<hw>Joc"und</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[L. <ets>jocundus</ets>, <ets>jucundus</ets>, orig., helpful, fr. <ets>juvare</ets> to help. See <er>Aid</er>.]</ety> <def>Merry; cheerful; gay; airy; lively; sportive.</def>

<blockquote>Night's candles are burnt out, and <b>jocund</b> day
Stands tiptoe on the misty mountain tops.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Rural sports and <b>jocund</b> strains.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Joc"und*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Joc"und*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Jocund</h1>
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<hw>Joc"und</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Merrily; cheerfully.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Jocundity</h1>
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<hw>Jo*cun"di*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jocunditas jucunditas</ets>. See <er>Jocund</er>, and cf. <er>Jucundity</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being jocund; gayety; sportiveness.</def>

<h1>Joe</h1>
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<hw>Joe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Johannes</er>.</def>

<h1>Joe Miller</h1>
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<hw>Joe" Mil"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From <ets>Joseph Miller</ets>, a comic actor, whose name was attached, after his death, to a popular jest book published in 1739.]</ety> <def>A jest book; a stale jest; a worn-out joke.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>It is an old <b>Joe Miller</b> in whist circles, that there are only two reasons that can justify you in not returning trumps to your partner's lead; i. e., first, sudden illness; secondly, having none.
<i>Pole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Joe-Pye weed</h1>
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<hw>Joe`-Pye" weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tall composite plant of the genus <spn>Eupatorium</spn> (<spn>E. purpureum</spn>), with purplish flowers, and whorled leaves.</def>

<h1>Jog</h1>
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<hw>Jog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jogged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jogging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>joggen</ets>; cf. W. <ets>gogi</ets> to shake, and also E. <ets>shog</ets>, <ets>shock</ets>, v.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To push or shake with the elbow or hand; to jostle; esp., to push or touch, in order to give notice, to excite one's attention, or to warn.</def>

<blockquote>Now leaps he upright, <b>jogs</b> me, and cries: Do you see
Yonder well-favored youth?
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sudden I <b>jogged</b> Ulysses, who was laid
Fast by my side.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To suggest to; to notify; to remind; to call the attention of; <as>as, to <ex>jog</ex> the memory</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to jog; to drive at a jog, as a horse. See <er>Jog</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<h1>Jog</h1>
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<hw>Jog</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To move by jogs or small shocks, like those of a slow trot; to move slowly, leisurely, or monotonously; -- usually with <i>on</i>, sometimes with <i>over</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Jog</b> on, <b>jog</b> on, the footpath way.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So hung his destiny, never to rot,

<blockquote>While he might still <b>jog</b> on and keep his trot.
<i>Milton</i></blockquote>.

<blockquote>The good old ways our sires <b>jogged</b> safely over.
<i>R. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jog</h1>
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<hw>Jog</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A slight shake; a shake or push intended to give notice or awaken attention; a push; a jolt.</def>

<blockquote>To give them by turns an invisible <b>jog</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rub; a slight stop; an obstruction; hence, an irregularity in motion of from; a hitch; a break in the direction of a line or the surface of a plane.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<cs><col>Jog trot</col>, <cd>a slow, regular, jolting gait; hence, a routine habit or method, persistently adhered to.</cd></cs>

<i>T. Hook.</i>

<h1>Jogger</h1>
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<hw>Jog"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who jogs.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Jogging</h1>
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<hw>Jog"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of giving a jog or jogs; traveling at a jog.</def>

<h1>Joggle</h1>
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<hw>Jog"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Joggled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Joggling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>jog</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To shake slightly; to push suddenly but slightly, so as to cause to shake or totter; to jostle; to jog.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>To join by means of joggles, so as to prevent sliding apart; sometimes, loosely, to dowel.</def>

<blockquote>The struts of a roof are <b>joggled</b> into the truss posts.
<i>Gwilt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Joggle</h1>
<Xpage=801>

<hw>Jog"gle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To shake or totter; to slip out of place.</def>

<h1>Joggle</h1>
<Xpage=801>

<hw>Jog"gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Arch.]</mark> <def>A notch or tooth in the joining surface of any piece of building material to prevent slipping; sometimes, but incorrectly, applied to a separate piece fitted into two adjacent stones, or the like.</def>

<cs><col>Joggle joint</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a joint in any kind of building material, where the joining surfaces are made with joggles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Johannean</h1>
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<hw>Jo`han*ne"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to John, esp. to the Apostle John or his writings.</def>

<i>M. Stuart.</i>

<h1>Johannes</h1>
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<hw>Jo*han"nes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, Heb. <ets>Y<?/h<?/kh\'ben\'ben</ets>, <ets>Y<?/kh\'ben\'ben</ets>, i. e., one whom Jehovah has blessed; hence F. <ets>Jean</ets>, E. <ets>John</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Numis.)</fld> <def>A Portuguese gold coin of the value of eight dollars, named from the figure of King John which it bears;- often contracted into <i>joe</i>; <as>as, a <ex>joe</ex>, or a half <ex>joe</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Johannisberger</h1>
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<hw>Jo*han"nis*ber`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <def>A fine white wine produced on the estate of Schloss (or Castle) <i>Johannisberg</i>, on the Rhine.</def>

<h1>John</h1>
<Xpage=801>

<hw>John</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Johannes</er>.]</ety> <def>A proper name of a man.</def>

<cs><col>John-apple</col>, <cd>a sort of apple ripe about St. John's Day. Same as <er>Apple-john</er>.</cd> -- <col>John Bull</col>, <cd>an ideal personification of the typical characteristics of an Englishman, or of the English people.</cd> -- <col>John Bullism</col>, <cd>English character. <i>W. Irving</i>.</cd> -- <col>John Doe</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,  <cd>the name formerly given to the fictitious plaintiff in an action of ejectment.</cd> <i>Mozley & W.</i> -- <mcol><col>John Doree</col>, <col>John Dory</col></mcol>. <ety>[<ets>John<ets> (or F. <ets>jaune<ets> yellow) + <ets>Doree<ets>, <ets>Dory<ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>An oval, compressed, European food fish (<spn>Zeus faber</spn>). Its color is yellow and olive, with golden, silvery, and blue reflections. It has a round dark spot on each side. Called also <altname>dory</altname>, <altname>doree</altname>, and <altname>St. Peter's fish</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Johnadreams</h1>
<Xpage=801>

<hw>John"a*dreams`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dreamy, idle fellow.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Johnny</h1>
<Xpage=801>

<hw>John"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Johnnies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A familiar diminutive of <er>John</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sculpin.</def> <mark>[Local cant]</mark>

<cs><col>Johny Crapaud</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <cd>a jocose designation of a Frenchman, or of the French people, collectively.</cd></cs>

<h1>Johnnycako</h1>
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<hw>John"ny*cako`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of bread made of the meal of maize (Indian corn), mixed with water or milk, etc., and baked.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<i>J. Barlow.</i>

<h1>Johnsonese</h1>
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<hw>John`son*ese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The literary style of Dr. Samuel <i>Johnson</i>, or one formed in imitation of it; an inflated, stilted, or pompous style, affecting classical words.</def>

<i>E. Everett.</i>

<h1>Johnson grass</h1>
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<hw>John"son grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Named after W. <ets>Johnson</ets> of Alabama, who planted it about 1840-1845.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tall perennial grass (<spn>Sorghum Halepense</spn>), valuable in the Southern and Western States for pasture and hay. The rootstocks are large and juicy and are eagerly sought by swine. Called also <altname>Cuba grass</altname>, <altname>Means grass</altname>, <altname>Evergreen millet</altname>, and <altname>Arabian millet</altname>.</def>

<h1>Johnsonian</h1>
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<hw>John*so"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to or resembling Dr. <i>Johnson</i> or his style; pompous; inflated.</def>

<h1>Johnsonianism</h1>
<Xpage=801>

<hw>John*so"ni*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A manner of acting or of writing peculiar to, or characteristic of, Dr. <i>Johnson</i>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Johnsonism</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>John's-wort</h1>
<Xpage=801>

<hw>John's"-wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See St. <er>John's-wort</er>.</def>

<h1>Join</h1>
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<hw>Join</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Joined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Joining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>joinen</ets>, <ets>joignen</ets>, F. <ets>joindre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>jungere</ets> to yoke, bind together, join; akin to <ets>jugum</ets> yoke. See <er>Yoke</er>, and cf. <er>Conjugal</er>, <er>Junction</er>, <er>Junta</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring together, literally or figuratively; to place in contact; to connect; to couple; to unite; to combine; to associate; to add; to append.</def>

<blockquote>Woe unto them that <b>join</b> house to house.
<i>Is. v. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Held up his left hand, which did flame and burn
Like twenty torches <b>joined</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thy tuneful voice with numbers <b>join</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To associate one's self to; to be or become connected with; to league one's self with; to unite with; <as>as, to <ex>join</ex> a party; to <ex>join</ex> the church.</as></def>

<blockquote>We jointly now to <b>join</b> no other head.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To unite in marriage.</def>

<blockquote>He that <b>joineth</b> his virgin in matrimony.
<i>Wyclif.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What, therefore, God hath <b>joined</b> together, let not man put asunder.
<i>Matt. xix. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To enjoin upon; to command.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<blockquote>They <b>join</b> them penance, as they call it.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To accept, or engage in, as a contest; <as>as, to <ex>join</ex> encounter, battle, issue</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>To join battle</col>, <col>To join issue</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Battle</er>, <er>Issue</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To add; annex; unite; connect; combine; consociate; couple; link; append. See <er>Add</er>.</syn>

<h1>Join</h1>
<Xpage=801>

<hw>Join</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be contiguous, close, or in contact; to come together; to unite; to mingle; to form a union; <as>as, the hones of the skull <ex>join</ex>; two rivers <ex>join</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Whose house <b>joined</b> hard to the synagogue.
<i>Acts xviii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Should we again break thy commandments, and <b>join</b> in affinity with the people of these abominations?
<i>Ezra ix. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nature and fortune <b>joined</b> to make thee great.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Join</h1>
<Xpage=801>

<hw>Join</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The line joining two points; the point common to two intersecting lines.</def>

<i>Henrici.</i>

<h1>Joinant</h1>
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<hw>Join"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. & F. <ets>joignant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>joindre</ets> to join.]</ety> <def>Adjoining.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Joinder</h1>
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<hw>Join"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>joindre</ets>. See <er>Join</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of joining; a putting together; conjunction.</def>

<blockquote>Confirmed by mutual <b>joinder</b> of your hands.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A joining of parties as plaintiffs or defendants in a suit.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Acceptance of an issue tendered in law or fact.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A joining of causes of action or defense in civil suits or criminal prosecutions.</def>

<h1>Joiner</h1>
<Xpage=801>

<hw>Join"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, joins.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One whose occupation is to construct articles by joining pieces of wood; a mechanic who does the woodwork (as doors, stairs, etc.) necessary for the finishing of buildings.</def> "One Snug, the <i>joiner</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A wood-working machine, for sawing, plaining, mortising, tenoning, grooving, etc.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Carpenter</er>.</syn>

<h1>Joinery</h1>
<Xpage=801>

<hw>Join"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art, or trade, of a joiner; the work of a joiner.</def>

<blockquote>A piece of <b>joinery</b> . . . whimsically dovetailed.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Joinhand</h1>
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<hw>Join"hand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Writing in which letters are joined in words; -- distinguished from writing in single letters.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Joint</h1>
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<hw>Joint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>joint</ets>, fr. <ets>joindre</ets>, <ets>p. p. joint</ets>. See <er>Join</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The place or part where two things or parts are joined or united; the union of two or more smooth or even surfaces admitting of a close-fitting or junction; junction as, a <i>joint</i> between two pieces of timber; a <i>joint</i> in a pipe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A joining of two things or parts so as to admit of motion; an articulation, whether movable or not; a hinge; <as>as, the knee <ex>joint</ex>; a node or <ex>joint</ex> of a stem; a ball and socket <ex>joint</ex></as>.  See <er>Articulation</er>.</def>

<blockquote>A scaly gauntlet now, with <b>joints</b> of steel,
Must glove this hand.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To tear thee <b>joint</b> by <b>joint</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The part or space included between two joints, knots, nodes, or articulations; <as>as, a <ex>joint</ex> of cane or of a grass stem; a <ex>joint</ex> of the leg.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any one of the large pieces of meat, as cut into portions by the butcher for roasting.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A plane of fracture, or divisional plane, of a rock transverse to the stratification.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The space between the adjacent surfaces of two bodies joined and held together, as by means of cement, mortar, etc.; <as>as, a thin <ex>joint</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The means whereby the meeting surfaces of pieces in a structure are secured together.</def>

<cs><col>Coursing joint</col> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>the mortar joint between two courses of bricks or stones.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fish joint</col>, <col>Miter joint</col>, <col>Universal joint</col></mcol>, etc. <cd>See under <er>Fish</er>, <er>Miter</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Joint bolt</col>, <cd>a bolt for fastening two pieces, as of wood, one endwise to the other, having a nut embedded in one of the pieces.</cd> -- <col>Joint chair</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>the chair that supports the ends of abutting rails.</cd> -- <col>Joint coupling</col>, <cd>a universal joint for coupling shafting. See under <er>Universal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Joint hinge</col>, <cd>a hinge having long leaves; a strap hinge.</cd> -- <col>Joint splice</col>, <cd>a re\'89nforce at a joint, to sustain the parts in their true relation.</cd> -- <col>Joint stool</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A stool consisting of jointed parts; a folding stool. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A block for supporting the end of a piece at a joint; a joint chair.</cd> -- <col>Out of joint</col>, <cd>out of place; dislocated, as when the head of a bone slips from its socket; hence, not working well together; disordered. "The time is <i>out of joint</i>." <i>Shak.</i></cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="802">
Page 802<p>

<h1>Joint</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Joint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., <ets>p. p.</ets> of <ets>joindre</ets>. See <er>Join</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Joined; united; combined; concerted; as <i>joint</i> action.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Involving the united activity of two or more; done or produced by two or more working together.</def>

<blockquote>I read this <b>joint</b> effusion twice over.
<i>T. Hook.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>United, joined, or sharing with another or with others; not solitary in interest or action; holding in common with an associate, or with associates; acting together; <as>as, <ex>joint</ex> heir; <ex>joint</ex> creditor; <ex>joint</ex> debtor, etc.</as></def> "<i>Joint</i> tenants of the world."

<i>Donne.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Shared by, or affecting two or more; held in common; <as>as, <ex>joint</ex> property; a <ex>joint</ex> bond.</as></def>

<blockquote>A <b>joint</b> burden laid upon us all.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Joint committee</col> <fld>(Parliamentary Practice)</fld>, <cd>a committee composed of members of the two houses of a legislative body, for the appointment of which concurrent resolutions of the two houses are necessary. <i>Cushing</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Joint meeting</col>, &or; <col>Joint session</col></mcol>, <cd>the meeting or session of two distinct bodies as one; <as>as, a <ex>joint meeting<ex> of committees representing different corporations; a <ex>joint session<ex> of both branches of a State legislature to chose a United States senator.</as> "Such <ex>joint meeting<ex> shall not be dissolved until the electoral votes are all counted and the result declared." <i>Joint Rules of Congress, U. S</i>.</cd> -- <col>Joint resolution</col> <fld>(Parliamentary Practice)</fld>, <cd>a resolution adopted concurrently by the two branches of a legislative body. "By the constitution of the United States and the rules of the two houses, no absolute distinction is made between bills and <i>joint resolutions<i>." <i>Barclay (Digest)</i>.</cd> -- <col>Joint rule</col> <fld>(Parliamentary Practice)</fld>, <cd>a rule of proceeding adopted by the concurrent action of both branches of a legislative assembly. "Resolved, by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring), that the sixteenth and seventeenth <i>joint rules<i> be suspended for the remainder of the session." <i>Journal H. of R., U. S</i>.</cd> -- <col>Joint and several</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a phrase signifying that the debt, credit, obligation, etc., to which it is applied is held in such a way that the parties in interest are engaged both together and individually thus a <i>joint and several<i> debt is one for which all the debtors may be sued together or either of them individually.</cd> -- <col>Joint stock</col>, <cd>stock held in company.</cd> -- <col>Joint-stock company</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a species of partnership, consisting generally of a large number of members, having a capital divided, or agreed to be divided, into shares, the shares owned by any member being usually transferable without the consent of the rest.</cd> -- <col>Joint tenancy</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a tenure by two or more persons of estate by unity of interest, title, time, and possession, under which the survivor takes the whole. <i>Blackstone</i>.</cd> -- <col>Joint tenant</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one who holds an estate by joint tenancy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Joint</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Joint</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jointed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jointing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To unite by a joint or joints; to fit together; to prepare so as to fit together; <as>as, to <ex>joint</ex> boards</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Pierced through the yielding planks of <b>jointed</b> wood.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To join; to connect; to unite; to combine.</def>

<blockquote><b>Jointing</b> their force 'gainst C\'91sar.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To provide with a joint or joints; to articulate.</def>

<blockquote>The fingers are <b>jointed</b> together for motion.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To separate the joints; of; to divide at the joint or joints; to disjoint; to cut up into joints, as meat. "He <i>joints</i> the neck.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Quartering, <b>jointing</b>, seething, and roasting.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Joint</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Joint</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fit as if by joints; to coalesce as joints do; <as>as, the stones <ex>joint</ex>, neatly</as>.</def>

<h1>Jointed</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Joint"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having joints; articulated; full of nodes; knotty; <as>as, a <ex>jointed</ex> doll; <ex>jointed</ex> structure.</as></def>  "The <i>jointed</i> herbage." <i>J. Philips</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Joint"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Jointer</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Joint"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, joints.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A plane for smoothing the surfaces of pieces which are to be accurately joined</def>; especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The longest plane used by a joiner</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Coopering)</fld> <def>A long stationary plane, for plaining the edges of barrel staves.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bent piece of iron inserted to strengthen the joints of a wall.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tool for pointing the joints in brickwork.</def>

<h1>Joint-fir</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Joint"-fir`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus (<spn>Ephedra</spn>) of leafless shrubs, with the stems conspicuously jointed; -- called also <altname>shrubby horsetail</altname>. There are about thirty species, of which two or three are found from Texas to California.</def>

<h1>Jointing</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Joint"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of making a joint; also, the joints thus produced.</def>

<cs><col>Jointing machine</col>, <cd>a planing machine for wood used in furniture and piano factories, etc.</cd> -- <col>Jointing plane</col>. <cd>See <er>Jointer</er>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Jointing rule</col> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>a long straight rule, used by bricklayers for securing straight joints and faces.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jointless</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Joint"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a joint; rigid; stiff.</def>

<h1>Jointly</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Joint"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a joint manner; together; unitedly; in concert; not separately.</def>

<blockquote>Then <b>jointly</b> to the ground their knees they bow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jointress</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Joint"ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A woman who has a jointure.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jointuress</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Jointure</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Join"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jointure</ets> a joint, orig., a joining, L. <ets>junctura</ets>, fr. <ets>jungere</ets> to join. See <er>Join</er>, and cf. <er>Juncture</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A joining; a joint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An estate settled on a wife, which she is to enjoy after husband's decease, for her own life at least, in satisfaction of dower.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>jointure</b> that your king must make,
Which with her dowry shall be counterpoised.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jointure</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Join"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jointured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jointuring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To settle a jointure upon.</def>

<h1>Jointureless</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Join"ture*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no jointure.</def>

<h1>Jointuress</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Join"tur*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Jointress</er>.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Jointweed</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Joint"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A slender, nearly leafless, American herb (<spn>Polygonum articulatum</spn>), with jointed spikes of small flowers.</def>

<h1>Jointworm</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Joint"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of a small, hymenopterous fly (<spn>Eurytoma hordei</spn>), which is found in gall-like swellings on the stalks of wheat, usually at or just above the first joint. In some parts of America it does great damage to the crop.</def>

<h1>Joist</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Joist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>giste</ets>, OF. <ets>giste</ets>, F. <ets>g\'8cte</ets>, fr. <ets>gesir</ets> to lie, F. <ets>g\'82sir</ets>. See <er>Gist</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A piece of timber laid horizontally, or nearly so, to which the planks of the floor, or the laths or furring strips of a ceiling, are nailed; -- called, according to its position or use, <stype>binding joist</stype>, <stype>bridging joist</stype>, <stype>ceiling joist</stype>, <stype>trimming joist</stype>, etc. See <i>Illust</i>. of <cref>Double-framed floor</cref>, under <er>Double</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Joist</h1>
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<hw>Joist</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Joisted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Joisting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To fit or furnish with joists.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Joke</h1>
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<hw>Joke</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jocus</ets>. Cf <er>Jeopardy</er>, <er>Jocular</er>, <er>Juggler</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Something said for the sake of exciting a laugh; something witty or sportive (commonly indicating more of hilarity or humor than <i>jest</i>); a jest; a witticism; <as>as, to crack good-natured <ex>jokes</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>And gentle dullness ever loves a <b>joke</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Or witty <b>joke</b> our airy senses moves
To pleasant laughter.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something not said seriously, or not actually meant; something done in sport.</def>

<blockquote>Inclose whole downs in walls, 't is all a <b>joke</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>In joke</col>, <cd>in jest; sportively; not meant seriously.</cd> -- <col>Practical joke</col>. <cd>See under <er>Practical</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Joke</h1>
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<hw>Joke</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Joked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Joking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make merry with; to make jokes upon; to rally; to banter; <as>as, to joke a comrade</as>.</def>

<h1>Joke</h1>
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<hw>Joke</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jocari</ets>.]</ety> <def>To do something for sport, or as a joke; to be merry in words or actions; to jest.</def>

<blockquote>He laughed, shouted, <b>joked</b>, and swore.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To jest; sport; rally; banter. See <er>Jest</er>.</syn>

<h1>Joker</h1>
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<hw>Jok"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who makes jokes or jests.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>See <cref>Rest bower</cref>, under 2d <er>Bower</er>.</def>

<h1>Jokingly</h1>
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<hw>Jok"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a joking way; sportively.</def>

<h1>Jole, Joll</h1>
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<hw><hw>Jole</hw>, <hw>Joll</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Jowl</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Jolif</h1>
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<hw>Jol*if"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Jolly</er>.]</ety> <def>Joyful; merry; pleasant; jolly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Jollification</h1>
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<hw>Jol`li*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<tt>Jolly + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>A merrymaking; noisy festivity.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>We have had a <b>jollification</b> or so together.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jollily</h1>
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<hw>Jol"li*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a jolly manner.</def>

<h1>Jolloment</h1>
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<hw>Jol"lo*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Jollity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Jolliness</h1>
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<hw>Jol"li*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Jollity; noisy mirth.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Jollity</h1>
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<hw>Jol"li*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Jolly</er>: cf. OF. <ets>joliet\'82</ets>, <ets>jolivet\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Noisy mirth; gayety; merriment; festivity; boisterous enjoyment.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>All now was turned to <b>jollity</b> and game.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He with a proud <b>jollity</b> commanded him to leave that quarrel only for him, who was only worthy to enter into it.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Merriment; mirth; gayety; festivity; hilarity.</syn>

<h1>Jolly</h1>
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<hw>Jol"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Jollier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Jolliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>joli</ets>, <ets>jolif</ets>, joyful, merry, F. <ets>joli</ets> pretty; of Scand. origin, akin to E. <ets>yule</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>j<?/l</ets> yule, Christmass feast. See <er>Yule</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of life and mirth; jovial; joyous; merry; mirthful.</def>

<blockquote>Like a <b>jolly</b> troop of huntsmen.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>"A <b>jolly</b> place," said he, "in times of old!
But something ails it now: the spot is cursed."
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressing mirth, or inspiring it; exciting mirth and gayety.</def>

<blockquote>And with his <b>jolly</b> pipe delights the groves.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their <b>jolly</b> notes they chanted loud and clear.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of fine appearance; handsome; excellent; lively; agreeable; pleasant.</def> "A <i>jolly</i> cool wind." <i>Sir T. North</i>. <mark>[Now mostly colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Full <b>jolly</b> knight he seemed, and fair did sit.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>The</b> coachman is swelled into <b>jolly</b> dimensions.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jolly-boat</h1>
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<hw>Jol"ly-boat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of Dan. <ets>jolle</ets> yawl, or of D. <ets>jol</ets> yawl + E. <ets>boat</ets>. See <er>Yawl</er> the boat.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A boat of medium size belonging to a ship.</def>

<h1>Jollyhead</h1>
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<hw>Jol"ly*head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Jollity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Jolt</h1>
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<hw>Jolt</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jolted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> Jolting.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>jole</ets>, <ets>joll</ets>, <ets>jowl</ets>, and orig. meaning, to knock on the head. See <er>Jowl</er>.]</ety> <def>To shake with short, abrupt risings and fallings, as a carriage moving on rough ground; <as>as, the coach <ex>jolts</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Jolt</h1>
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<hw>Jolt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to shake with a sudden up and down motion, as in a carriage going over rough ground, or on a high-trotting horse; <as>as, the horse <ex>jolts</ex> the rider; fast driving <ex>jolts</ex> the carriage and the passengers.</as></def>

<h1>Jolt</h1>
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<hw>Jolt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sudden shock or jerk; a jolting motion, as in a carriage moving over rough ground.</def>

<blockquote>The first <b>jolt</b> had like to have shaken me out.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jolter</h1>
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<hw>Jolt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, jolts.</def>

<h1>Jolterhead, Jolthead</h1>
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<hw><hw>Jolt"er*head`</hw>, <hw>Jolt"head`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Jolt</er>, <er>Jowl</er>.]</ety> <def>A dunce; a blockhead.</def>

<i>Sir T. North.</i>

<h1>Joltingly</h1>
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<hw>Jolt"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a jolting manner.</def>

<h1>Jolty</h1>
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<hw>Jolt"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That jolts; <as>as, a <ex>jolty</ex> coach</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Jonah</h1>
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<hw>Jo"nah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Hebrew prophet, who was cast overboard as one who endangered the ship; hence, any person whose presence is unpropitious.</def>

<cs><col>Jonah crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large crab (<spn>Cancer borealis</spn>) of the eastern coast of the United States, sometimes found between tides, but usually in deep water.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jonesian</h1>
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<hw>Jo*ne"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Jones.</def>

<cs><col>The Jonesian system</col>, <cd>a system of transliterating Oriental words by English letters, invented by Sir William Jones.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jongleur, Jongler</h1>
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<hw><hw>Jon"gleur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Jon"gler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jongleur</ets>. See <er>Juggler</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In the Middle Ages, a court attendant or other person who, for hire, recited or sang verses, usually of his own composition. See <er>Troubadour</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Vivacity and picturesquenees of the <b>jongleur's verse</b>.
<i>J R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A juggler; a conjuror. See <er>Juggler</er>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Jonquil, Jonquille</h1>
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<hw><hw>Jon"quil</hw>, <hw>Jon"quille</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jonquille</ets>, fr. L. <ets>juncus</ets> a rush, because it has rushlike leaves.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A bulbous plant of the genus Narcissus (<spn>N. Jonquilla</spn>), allied to the daffodil. It has long, rushlike leaves, and yellow or white fragrant flowers. The root has emetic properties. It is sometimes called the <altname>rush-leaved daffodil</altname>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Corona</er>.</def>

<h1>Joram</h1>
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<hw>Jo"ram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Jorum</er>.</def>

<h1>Jordan, Jorden</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw><hw>Jor"dan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Jor"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. the river <ets>Jordan</ets>, and shortened fr. <ets>Jordan bottle</ets> a bottle of water from the Jordan, brought back by pilgrims.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A pot or vessel with a large neck, formerly used by physicians and alchemists.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A chamber pot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Shak.</i>

<h1>Jorum</h1>
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<hw>Jo"rum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. corrupted fr. <ets>jorden</ets> an earthen pot.]</ety> <def>A large drinking vessel; also, its contents.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Forby.</i>

<h1>Joseph</h1>
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<hw>Jo"seph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An outer garment worn in the 18th century; esp., a woman's riding habit, buttoned down the front.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Joseph's flower</h1>
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<hw>Jo"seph's flow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A composite herb (<spn>Tragopogon pratensis</spn>), of the same genus as the salsify.</def>

<h1>Joso</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Jo"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small gudgeon.</def>

<h1>Joss</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Joss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Chinese, corrupt. fr. Pg. <ets>deos</ets> God, L. <ets>deus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Chinese household divinity; a Chinese idol.</def> "Critic in jars and <i>josses</i>."

<i>Colman (1761).</i>

<cs><col>Joss house</col>, <cd>a Chinese temple or house for the Chinese mode of worship.</cd> -- <col>Joss stick</col>, <cd>a reed covered with a paste made of the dust of odoriferous woods, or a cylinder made wholly of the paste; -- burned by the Chinese before an idol.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jossa</h1>
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<hw>Jos"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>A command to a horse, probably meaning "stand still."</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Jostle</h1>
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<hw>Jos"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jostled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jostling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[A dim. of <ets>joust</ets>, <ets>just</ets>, v. See <er>Joust</er>, and cf. <er>Justle</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>justle</asp>.]</altsp> <def>To run against and shake; to push out of the way; to elbow; to hustle; to disturb by crowding; to crowd against.</def> "Bullies <i>jostled</i> him."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>Systems of movement, physical, intellectual, and moral, which are perpetually <b>jostling</b> each other.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jostle</h1>
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<hw>Jos"tle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To push; to crowd; to hustle.</def>

<blockquote>None <b>jostle</b> with him for the wall.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jostle</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Jos"tle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A conflict by collisions; a crowding or bumping together; interference.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>jostle</b> of South African nationalities and civilization.
<i>The Nation.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jostlement</h1>
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<hw>Jos"tle*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Crowding; hustling.</def>

<h1>Jot</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Jot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>iota</ets>, Gr. <?/ the name of the letter (E. <ets>i</ets>. Heb. <ets>y<?/d</ets>), the smallest letter of the Greek alphabet. Cf. <er>Iota</er>.]</ety> <def>An iota; a point; a tittle; the smallest particle. Cf. <er>Bit</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<blockquote>Till heaven and earth pass, one <b>jot</b> or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.
<i>Matt. v. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Neither will they bate
One <b>jot</b> of ceremony.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jot</h1>
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<hw>Jot</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jotted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jotting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To set down; to make a brief note of; -- usually followed by <i>down</i>.</def>

<h1>Jotter</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Jot"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who jots down memoranda.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A memorandum book.</def>

<h1>Jougs</h1>
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<hw>Jougs</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>joug</ets> a yoke, L. <ets>jugum</ets>. See <er>Yoke</er>.]</ety> <def>An iron collar fastened to a wall or post, formerly used in Scotland as a kind of pillory. <altsp>[Written also <asp>juggs</asp>.]</altsp> See <er>Juke</er>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Jouissance</h1>
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<hw>Jou"is*sance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>jouir</ets> to enjoy, fr. L. <ets>gaudere</ets> to rejoice.]</ety> <def>Jollity; merriment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Jouk</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Jouk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Juke</er>.</def>

<h1>Joul</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Joul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Jowl</er>.</def>

<h1>Joule</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Joule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the distinguished English physicist, James P. <ets>Joule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics.)</fld> <def>A unit of work which is equal to 10<exp>7</exp> units of work in the C. G. S. system of units (ergs), and is practically equivalent to the energy expended in one second by an electric current of one ampere in a resistance of one ohm. One <i>joule</i> is approximately equal to 0.738 foot pounds.</def>

<cs><col>Joule's equivalent</col>. <cd>See under <er>Equivalent</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Jounce</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Jounce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jounced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jouncing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Jaunce</er>.]</ety> <def>To jolt; to shake, especially by rough riding or by driving over obstructions.</def>

<h1>Jounce</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Jounce</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A <i>jolt</i>; a shake; a hard trot.</def>

<h1>Journal</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Jour"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>diurnalis</ets> diurnal, fr. <ets>diurnus</ets> belonging to the day, fr. <ets>dies</ets> day. See <er>Diurnal</er>.]</ety> <def>Daily; diurnal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whiles from their <b>journal</b> labors they did rest.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Journal</h1>
<Xpage=802>

<hw>Jour"nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>journal</ets>. See <er>Journal</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A diary; an account of daily transactions and events</def>. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld> <def>A book of accounts, in which is entered a condensed and grouped statement of the daily transactions.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A daily register of the ship's course and distance, the winds, weather, incidents of the voyage, etc.</def>  <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Legislature)</fld> <def>The record of daily proceedings, kept by the clerk</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A newspaper published daily; by extension, a weekly newspaper or any periodical publication, giving an account of passing events, the proceedings and memoirs of societies, etc.</def> ; a periodical; a magazine.

<hr>
<page="803">
Page 803<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which has occurred in a day; a day's work or travel; a day's journey.</def> <mark>[Obs. & <er>R</er>.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>That portion of a rotating piece, as a shaft, axle, spindle, etc., which turns in a bearing or box. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Axle box</er>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Journal box</col>, &or; <col>Journal bearing</col></mcol> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <cd>the carrier of a journal; the box in which the journal of a shaft, axle, or pin turns.</cd></cs>

<h1>Journalism</h1>
<Xpage=803>

<hw>Jour"nal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>journalisme</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The keeping of a journal or diary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The periodical collection and publication of current news; the business of managing, editing, or writing for, journals or newspapers; <as>as, political <ex>journalism</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Journalism</b> is now truly an estate of the realm.
<i>Ed. Rev.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Journalist</h1>
<Xpage=803>

<hw>Jour"nal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>journaliste</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who keeps a journal or diary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mickle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The conductor of a public journal, or one whose business it to write for a public journal; an editorial or other professional writer for a periodical.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Journalistic</h1>
<Xpage=803>

<hw>Jour"nal*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to journals or to journalists; contained in, or characteristic of, the public journals; as <i>journalistic</i> literature or enterprise.</def>

<h1>Journalize</h1>
<Xpage=803>

<hw>Jour"nal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Journalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Journalizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To enter or record in a journal or diary.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Journalize</h1>
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<hw>Jour"nal*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>to conduct or contribute to a public journal; to follow the profession of a journalist.</def>

<h1>Journey</h1>
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<hw>Jour"ney</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Journeys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>jornee</ets>, <ets>journee</ets>, prop., a day's journey, OF. <ets>jorn\'82e</ets>, <ets>jurn\'82e</ets>, a day, a day's work of journey, F. <ets>journ\'82e</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>jorn</ets>, <ets>jurn</ets>, <ets>jor</ets> a day, F. <ets>jour</ets>, fr. L. <ets>diurnus</ets>. See <er>Journal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The travel or work of a day.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>We have yet large day, for scarce the sun
Hath finished half his <b>journey</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Travel or passage from one place to another; hence, figuratively, a passage through life.</def>

<blockquote>The good man . . . is gone a long <b>journey</b>.
<i>Prov. vii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>We</b> must all have the same <b>journey's end</b>.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Tour; excursion; trip; expedition; pilgrimage.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Journey</er>, <er>Tour</er>, <er>Excursion</er>, <er>Pilgrimage</er>. The word <i>journey</i> suggests the idea of a somewhat prolonged traveling for a specific object, leading a person to pass directly from one point to another. In a <i>tour</i>, we take a roundabout course from place to place, more commonly for pleasure, though sometimes on business. An <i>excursion</i> is usually a brief tour or trip for pleasure, health, etc. In a <i>pilgrimage</i> we travel to a place hallowed by our religions affections, or by some train of sacred or tender associations. A <i>journey</i> on important business; the <i>tour</i> of Europe; an <i>excursion</i> to the lakes; a <i>pilgrimage</i> to the Holy Land.</usage>

<h1>Journey</h1>
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<hw>Jour"ney</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Journeyed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Journeying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To travel from place to place; to go from home to a distance.</def>

<blockquote>Abram <b>journeyed</b>, going on still toward the south.
<i>Gen. xii. 9. </i></blockquote>

<h1>Journey</h1>
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<hw>Jour"ney</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To traverse; to travel over or through.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "I <i>journeyed</i> many a land."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Journey-bated</h1>
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<hw>Jour"ney-bat`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worn out with journeying.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Journeyer</h1>
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<hw>Jour"ney*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who journeys.</def>

<h1>Journeyman</h1>
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<hw>Jour"ney*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Journeymen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Formerly, a man hired to work by the day; now, commonly, one who has mastered a handicraft or trade; -- distinguished from <i>apprentice</i> and from <i>master workman</i>.</def>

<blockquote>I have thought some of nature's <b>journeymen</b> had made men, and not made them well.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Journeywork</h1>
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<hw>Jour"ney*work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Originally, work done by the day; work done by a journeyman at his trade.</def>

<h1>Joust</h1>
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<hw>Joust</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>justen</ets>, <ets>jousten</ets>, OF. <ets>jouster</ets>, <ets>jouster</ets>, <ets>joster</ets>, F. <ets>jouter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>juxta</ets> near to, nigh, from the root of <ets>jungere</ets> to join. See <er>Join</er>, and cf. <er>Jostle</er>.]</ety> <def>To engage in mock combat on horseback, as two knights in the lists; to tilt.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>just</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>For the whole army to <b>joust</b> and tourney.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Joust</h1>
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<hw>Joust</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>juste</ets>, <ets>jouste</ets>, OF. <ets>juste</ets>, <ets>jouste</ets>, <ets>joste</ets>, F. <ets>joute</ets>. See <er>Joust</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>A tilting match; a mock combat on horseback between two knights in the lists or inclosed field.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>just</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Gorgeous knights at <b>joust</b> and tournament.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jouster</h1>
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<hw>Joust"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who jousts or tilts.</def>

<h1>Jove</h1>
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<hw>Jove</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Jupiter</ets>, gen. <ets>Jovis</ets>, OL. <ets>Jovis</ets>, nom. & gen. for <ets>Djovis</ets>; akin to E. <ets>Tuesday</ets>. See <er>Tuesday</er>, and cf. <er>Jupiter</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The chief divinity of the ancient Romans; Jupiter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The planet Jupiter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Alchemy)</fld> <def>The metal tin.</def>

<cs><col>Bird of Jove</col>, <cd>the eagle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jovial</h1>
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<hw>Jo"vi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>Jovialis</ets> pertaining to Jove. The planet Jupiter was thought to make those born under it joyful or jovial. See <er>Jove</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the god, or the planet, Jupiter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Our <b>jovial</b> star reigned at his birth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The fixed stars astrologically differenced by the planets, and esteemed Martial or <b>Jovial</b> according to the colors whereby they answer these planets.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sunny; serene.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The heavens always <i>joviall</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Gay; merry; joyous; jolly; mirth-inspiring; hilarious; characterized by mirth or jollity; <as>as, a <ex>jovial</ex> youth; a <ex>jovial</ex> company; a <ex>jovial</ex> poem.</as></def>

<blockquote>Be bright and <b>jovial</b> among your guests.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His odes are some of them panegyrical, others moral; the rest are <b>jovial</b> or bacchanalian.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word is a relic of the belief in planetary influence. Other examples are <i>saturnine</i>, <i>mercurial</i>, <i>martial</i>, <i>lunatic</i>, etc.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Merry; joyous; gay; festive; mirthful; gleeful; jolly; hilarious.</syn>

<h1>Jovialist</h1>
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<hw>Jo"vi*al*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lives a jovial life.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Joviality</h1>
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<hw>Jo`vi*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>jovialit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being jovial.</def>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Jovially</h1>
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<hw>Jo"vi*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a jovial manner; merrily; gayly.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Jovialness</h1>
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<hw>Jo"vi*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Noisy mirth; joviality.</def>

<i>Hewyt.</i>

<h1>Jovialty</h1>
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<hw>Jo"vi*al*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Joviality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Jovian</h1>
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<hw>Jo"vi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Jove, or Jupiter (either the deity or the planet).</def>

<h1>Jovicentric</h1>
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<hw>Jo`vi*cen"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Jove</er>, and <er>Center</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Revolving around the planet Jupiter; appearing as viewed from Jupiter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. R. Hind.</i>

<h1>Jovinianist</h1>
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<hw>Jo*vin"ian*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Script. Hist.)</fld> <def>An adherent to the doctrines of Jovinian, a monk of the fourth century, who denied the virginity of Mary, and opposed the asceticism of his time.</def>

<h1>Jowl</h1>
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<hw>Jowl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For older <ets>chole</ets>, <ets>chaul</ets>, AS. <ets>ceaft</ets> jaw. Cf. <er>Chaps</er>.]</ety> <def>The cheek; the jaw.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jole</asp>, <asp>choule</asp>, <asp>chowle</asp>, and <asp>geoule</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Cheek by jowl</col>, <cd>with the cheeks close together; side by side; in close proximity.</cd> "I will go with three <i>cheek by jole<i>." <i>Shak</i>.  " Sits <i>cheek by jowl<i>."</cs>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Jowl</h1>
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<hw>Jowl</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To throw, dash, or knock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>How the knave <b>jowls</b> it to the ground.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jowler</h1>
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<hw>Jowl"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dog with large jowls, as the beagle.</def>

<h1>Jowter</h1>
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<hw>Jow"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mounted peddler of fish; -- called also <altname>jouster</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Joy</h1>
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<hw>Joy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>joye</ets>, OF. <ets>joye</ets>, <ets>joie</ets>, <ets>goie</ets>, F. <ets>joie</ets>, L. <ets>gaudia</ets>, pl. of <ets>gaudium</ets> joy, fr. <ets>gaudere</ets> to rejoice, to be glad; cf. Gr. <?/ to rejoice, <?/ proud. Cf. <er>Gaud</er>, <er>Jewel</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The passion or emotion excited by the acquisition or expectation of good; pleasurable feelings or emotions caused by success, good fortune, and the like, or by a rational prospect of possessing what we love or desire; gladness; exhilaration of spirits; delight.</def>

<blockquote>Her heavenly form beheld, all wished her <b>joy</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Glides the smooth current of domestic <b>joy</b>.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who, for the <b>joy</b> that was set before him, endured the cross, despising the shame.
<i>Heb. xii. 2. </i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Tears of true <b>joy</b> for his return.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Joy</b> is a delight of the mind, from the consideration of the present or assured approaching possession of a good.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which causes joy or happiness.</def>

<blockquote>For ye are our glory and <b>joy</b>.
<i>1 Thess. ii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote> A thing of beauty is a <b>joy</b> forever.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The sign or exhibition of joy; gayety; mirth; merriment; festivity.</def>

<blockquote>Such <b>joy</b> made Una, when her knight she found.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The roofs with <b>joy</b> resound.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Joy</i> is used in composition, esp. with participles, to from many self-explaining compounds; as, <i>joy</i>-hells, <i>joy</i>-ringing, <i>joy</i>-inspiring, <i>joy</i>-resounding, etc.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Gladness; pleasure; delight; happiness; exultation; transport; felicity; ecstasy; rapture; bliss; gayety; mirth; merriment; festivity; hilarity.</syn>

<h1>Joy</h1>
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<hw>Joy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Joyed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Joying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>joir</ets>, F. <ets>jouir</ets>. See <er>Joy</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To rejoice; to be glad; to delight; to exult.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>joy</b> in the God of my salvation.
<i>Hab. iii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In whose sight all things <b>joy</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Joy</h1>
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<hw>Joy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give joy to; to congratulate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Joy</i> us of our conquest."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>To <b>joy</b> the friend, or grapple with the foe.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To gladden; to make joyful; to exhilarate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Neither pleasure's art can <b>joy</b> my spirits.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To enjoy. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Enjoy</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Who might have lived and <b>joyed</b> immortal bliss.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Joyace</h1>
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<hw>Joy"ace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>joiance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Enjoyment; gayety; festivity; joyfulness.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some days of <b>joyance</b> are decreed to all.

<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>From what hid fountains doth thy <b>joyance</b> flow?
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Joyancy</h1>
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<hw>Joy"an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Joyance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Joyful</h1>
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<hw>Joy"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of joy; having or causing joy; very glad; <as>as, a <ex>joyful</ex> heart</as>.</def> "<i>Joyful</i> tidings."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>My soul shall be <b>joyful</b> in my God.
<i>Is. lxi. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sad for their loss, but <b>joyful</b> of our life.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Joy"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Joy"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Joyless</h1>
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<hw>Joy"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not having joy; not causing joy; unenjoyable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Joy"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Joy"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>With downcast eyes the <b>joyless</b> victor sat.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Youth and health and war are <b>joyless</b> to him.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[He] pining for the lass,
Is <b>joyless</b> of the grove, and spurns the growing grass.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Joyous</h1>
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<hw>Joy"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>joyous</ets>, <ets>joious</ets>, <ets>joios</ets>, F. <ets>joyeux</ets>.See <er>Joy</er>.]</ety> <def>Glad; gay; merry; joyful; also, affording or inspiring joy; with <i>of</i> before the word or words expressing the cause of joy.</def>

<blockquote>Is this your <b>joyous</b> city?
<i>Is. xxiii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They all as glad as birds of <b>joyous</b> prime.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And <b>joyous</b> of our conquest early won.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Merry; lively; blithe; gleeful; gay; glad; mirthful; sportive; festive; joyful; happy; blissful; charming; delightful.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Joy"ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Joy"ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Joysome</h1>
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<hw>Joy"some</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing joyfulness</def>. <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>This all <b>joysome</b> grove.
<i>T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jub</h1>
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<hw>Jub</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. corrupted fr. <ets>jug</ets>.]</ety> <def>A vessel for holding ale or wine; a jug.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Juba</h1>
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<hw>Ju"ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Jub\'91</plw> <tt>(-b&emac;)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a mane.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The mane of an animal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A loose panicle, the axis of which falls to pieces, as in certain grasses.</def>

<h1>Jubate</h1>
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<hw>Ju"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jubatus</ets> having a mane.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Fringed with long, pendent hair.</def>

<h1>Jub\'82</h1>
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<hw>Ju`b\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <fld>(a)</fld> <def>chancel screen or rood screen.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>gallery above such a screen, from which certain parts of the service were formerly read</def>. See <cref>Rood loft</cref>, under <er>Rood</er>.

<h1>Jubilant</h1>
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<hw>Ju"bi*lant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jubilans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>jubilare</ets> to shout for joy: cf. F. <ets>jubila<?/</ets>. See <er>Jubilate</er>.]</ety> <def>Uttering songs of triumph; shouting with joy; triumphant; exulting.</def> "The <i>jubilant</i> age."

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<blockquote>While the bright pomp ascended <b>jubilant</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jubilantly</h1>
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<hw>Ju"bi*lant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a jubilant manner.</def>

<h1>Jubilar</h1>
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<hw>Ju"bi*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>jubilaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or having the character of, a jubilee.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Jubilate</h1>
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<hw>Ju`bi*la"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., imperat. of <ets>jubilare</ets> to shout for joy.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The third Sunday after Easter; -- so called because the introit is the 66th Psalm, which, in the Latin version, begins with the words, "Jubilate Deo."</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A name of the 100th Psalm; -- so called from its opening word in the Latin version.</def>

<h1>Jubilate</h1>
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<hw>Ju"bi*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jubilatus</ets>, <ets>p. p.</ets> of <ets>jubilare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To exult; to rejoice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Jubilation</h1>
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<hw>Ju`bi*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jubilatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>jubilation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A triumphant shouting; rejoicing; exultation.</def> "<i>Jubilations</i> and hallelujahs."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Jubilee</h1>
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<hw>Ju"bi*lee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jubil\'82</ets>, L. <ets>jubilaeus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. Heb. <ets>y<?/bel</ets> the blast of a trumpet, also the grand sabbatical year, which was announced by sound of trumpet.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Jewish Hist.)</fld> <def>Every fiftieth year, being the year following the completion of each seventh sabbath of years, at which time all the slaves of Hebrew blood were liberated, and all lands which had been alienated during the whole period reverted to their former owners.</def> <altsp>[In this sense spelled also, in some English Bibles, <asp>jubile</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Lev. xxv. 8-17.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The joyful commemoration held on the fiftieth anniversary of any event; <as>as, the <ex>jubilee</ex> of Queen Victoria's reign; the <ex>jubilee</ex> of the American Board of Missions.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A church solemnity or ceremony celebrated at Rome, at stated intervals, originally of one hundred years, but latterly of twenty-five; a plenary and extraordinary indulgence grated by the sovereign pontiff to the universal church. One invariable condition of granting this indulgence is the confession of sins and receiving of the eucharist.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A season of general joy.</def>

<blockquote>The town was all a <b>jubilee</b> of feasts.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A state of joy or exultation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "In the <i>jubilee</i> of his spirits."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Jucundity</h1>
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<hw>Ju*cun"di*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jucunditas</ets>, from <ets>jucundus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pleasantness; agreeableness. See <er>Jocundity</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Judahite</h1>
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<hw>Ju"dah*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the tribe of Judah; a member of the kingdom of Judah; a Jew.</def>

<i>Kitto.</i>

<h1>Judaic, Judaical</h1>
<Xpage=803>

<hw><hw>Ju*da"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ju*da"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Juda\'8bcus</ets>, fr. <ets>Judaea</ets>, the country Judea: cf. F. <ets>Juda\'8bque</ets>. See <er>Jew</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Jews.</def> "The natural or <i>Judaical</i> [religion]."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Judaically</h1>
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<hw>Ju*da"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>After the Jewish manner.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Judaism</h1>
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<hw>Ju"da*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Juda\'8bsmus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>juda\'8bsme</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The religious doctrines and rites of the Jews as enjoined in the laws of Moses.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conformity to the Jewish rites and ceremonies.</def>

<h1>Judaist</h1>
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<hw>Ju"da*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes and practices Judaism.</def>

<h1>Judaistic</h1>
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<hw>Ju`da*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Judaism.</def>

<h1>Judaization</h1>
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<hw>Ju`da*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of Judaizing; a conforming to the Jewish religion or ritual.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Judaize</h1>
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<hw>Ju"da*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Judaized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Judaizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>juda\'8bser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To conform to the doctrines, observances, or methods of the Jews; to inculcate or impose Judaism.</def>

<blockquote>They . . . prevailed on the Galatians to <b>Judaize</b> so far as to observe the rites of Moses in various instances.
They were <b>Judaizing</b> doctors, who taught the observation of the Mosaic law.
<i>Bp. Bull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Judaize</h1>
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<hw>Ju"da*ize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To impose Jewish observances or rites upon; to convert to Judaism.</def>

<blockquote>The heretical Theodotion, the <b>Judaized</b> Symmachus.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Judaizer</h1>
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<hw>Ju"da*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who conforms to or inculcates Judaism; specifically, <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Ch. Hist.)</fld>, those Jews who accepted Christianity but still adhered to the law of Moses and worshiped in the temple at Jerusalem.</def>

<h1>Judas</h1>
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<hw>Ju"das</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The disciple who betrayed Christ. Hence: A treacherous person; one who betrays under the semblance of friendship.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Treacherous; betraying.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Judas hole</col>, <cd>a peephole or secret opening for spying.</cd> -- <col>Judas kiss</col>, <cd>a deceitful and treacherous kiss.</cd> -- <col>Judas tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leguminous tree of the genus <spn>Cercis</spn>, with pretty, rose-colored flowers in clusters along the branches. Judas is said to have hanged himself on a tree of this genus (<spn>C. Siliquastrum</spn>). <spn>C. Canadensis</spn> and <spn>C. occidentalis</spn> are the American species, and are called also <altname>redbud</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Judas-colored</h1>
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<hw>Ju"das-col`ored</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Red; -- from a tradition that Judas Iscariot had red hair and beard.</def>

<blockquote>There's treachery in that <b>Judas-colored</b> beard.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Juddock</h1>
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<hw>Jud"dock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>judcock</ets>; <ets>jud</ets> (equiv. to Prov. E. <ets>gid</ets> a jacksnipe, W. <ets>giach</ets> snipe) + <ets>cock</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Jacksnipe</er>.</def>

<hr>
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Page 804<p>

<h1>Judean</h1>
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<hw>Ju*de"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Judaeus</ets>. See <er>Jew</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Judea.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Judea; a Jew.</def></def2>

<h1>Judge</h1>
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<hw>Judge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>juge</ets>, OF. & F. <ets>juge</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>jugier</ets>, F. <ets>juger</ets>, to judge. See <er>Judge</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A public officer who is invested with authority to hear and determine litigated causes, and to administer justice between parties in courts held for that purpose.</def>

<blockquote>The parts of a <b>judge</b> in hearing are four: to direct the evidence; to moderate length, repetition, or impertinency of speech; to recapitulate, select, and collate the material points of that which hath been said; and to give the rule or sentence.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who has skill, knowledge, or experience, sufficient to decide on the merits of a question, or on the quality or value of anything; one who discerns properties or relations with skill and readiness; a connoisseur; an expert; a critic.</def>

<blockquote>A man who is no <b>judge</b> of law may be a good <b>judge</b> of poetry, or eloquence, or of the merits of a painting.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person appointed to decide in a<?/trial of skill, speed, etc., between two or more parties; an umpire; <as>as, a <ex>judge</ex> in a horse race</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Jewish Hist.)</fld> <def>One of supreme magistrates, with both civil and military powers, who governed Israel for more than four hundred years.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The title of the seventh book of the Old Testament; the Book of Judges.</def>

<cs><col>Judge Advocate</col> <fld>(Mil. & Nav.)</fld>, <cd>a person appointed to act as prosecutor at a court-martial; he acts as the representative of the government, as the responsible adviser of the court, and also, to a certain extent, as counsel for the accused, when he has no other counsel.</cd> -- <col>Judge-Advocate General</col>, <cd>in the United States, the title of two officers, one attached to the War Department and having the rank of brigadier general, the other attached to the Navy Department and having the rank of colonel of marines or captain in the navy. The first is chief of the Bureau of Military Justice of the army, the other performs a similar duty for the navy. In England, the designation of a member of the ministry who is the legal adviser of the secretary of state for war, and supreme judge of the proceedings of courts-martial.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Judge</er>, <er>Umpire</er>, <er>Arbitrator</er>, <er>Referee</er>.</syn> <usage> A <i>judge</i>, in the legal sense, is a magistrate appointed to determine questions of law. An <i>umpire</i> is a person selected to decide between two or more who contend for a prize. An <i>arbitrator</i> is one chosen to allot to two contestants their portion of a claim, usually on grounds of equity and common sense. A <i>referee</i> is one to whom a case is referred for final adjustment. <i>Arbitrations</i> and <i>references</i> are sometimes voluntary, sometimes appointed by a court.</usage>

<h1>Judge</h1>
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<hw>Judge</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Judged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Judging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>jugen</ets>, OF. <ets>jugier</ets>, F. <ets>juger</ets>, L. <ets>judicare</ets>, fr. <ets>judex</ets> judge; <ets>jus</ets> law or right + <ets>dicare</ets> to proclaim, pronounce, akin to <ets>dicere</ets> to say. See <er>Just</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Diction</er>, and cf. <er>Judicial</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To hear and determine, as in causes on trial; to decide as a judge; to give judgment; to pass sentence.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord <b>judge</b> between thee and me.
<i>Gen. xvi. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Father, who art judge
Of all things made, and <b>judgest</b> only right!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To assume the right to pass judgment on another; to sit in judgment or commendation; to criticise or pass adverse judgment upon others. See <er>Judge</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 3.</def>

<blockquote>Forbear to <b>judge</b>, for we are sinners all.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To compare facts or ideas, and perceive their relations and attributes, and thus distinguish truth from falsehood; to determine; to discern; to distinguish; to form an opinion about.</def>

<blockquote><b>Judge</b> not according to the appearance.
<i>John vii. 24.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She is wise if I can <b>judge</b> of her.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Judge</h1>
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<hw>Judge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hear and determine by authority, as a case before a court, or a controversy between two parties.</def> "Chaos [shall] <i>judge</i> the strife."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To examine and pass sentence on; to try; to doom.</def>

<blockquote>God shall <b>judge</b> the righteous and the wicked.
<i>Eccl. iii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To bring my whole cause 'fore his holiness,
And to be <b>judged</b> by him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To arrogate judicial authority over; to sit in judgment upon; to be censorious toward.</def>

<blockquote><b>Judge</b> not, that ye be not <b>judged</b>.
<i>Matt. vii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To determine upon or deliberation; to esteem; to think; to reckon.</def>

<blockquote>If ye have <b>judged</b> me to be faithful to the Lord.
<i>Acts xvi. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To exercise the functions of a magistrate over; to govern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Make us a king to <b>judge</b> us.
<i>1 Sam. viii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Judger</h1>
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<hw>Judg"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who judges.</def>

<i>Sir K. Digby.</i>

<h1>Judgeship</h1>
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<hw>Judge"ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a judge.</def>

<h1>Judgment</h1>
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<hw>Judg"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>jugement</ets>, F. <ets>jugement</ets>, LL. <ets>judicamentum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>judicare</ets>. See <er>Judge</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of judging; the operation of the mind, involving comparison and discrimination, by which a knowledge of the values and relations of thins, whether of moral qualities, intellectual concepts, logical propositions, or material facts, is obtained; <as>as, by careful <ex>judgment</ex> he avoided the peril; by a series of wrong <ex>judgments</ex> he forfeited confidence.</as></def>

<blockquote>I oughte deme, of skilful <b>jugement</b>,
That in the salte sea my wife is deed.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The power or faculty of performing such operations (see 1); esp., when unqualified, the faculty of judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely; good sense; <as>as, a man of <ex>judgment</ex>; a politician without <ex>judgment</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>He shall judge thy people with righteousness and thy poor with <b>judgment</b>.
<i>Ps. lxxii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Hernia</b>. I would my father look'd but with my eyes.
<b>Theseus</b>. Rather your eyes must with his <b>judgment</b> look.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The conclusion or result of judging; an opinion; a decision.</def>

<blockquote>She in my <b>judgment</b> was as fair as you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who first his <b>judgment</b> asked, and then a place.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of determining, as in courts of law, what is conformable to law and justice; also, the determination, decision, or sentence of a court, or of a judge; the mandate or sentence of God as the judge of all.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>judgments</b> between rich and poor, consider not what the poor man needs, but what is his own.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Most heartily I do beseech the court
To give the <b>judgment</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That act of the mind by which two notions or ideas which are apprehended as distinct are compared for the purpose of ascertaining their agreement or disagreement. See 1. The comparison may be threefold: (1) Of individual objects forming a concept. (2) Of concepts giving what is technically called a judgment. (3) Of two judgments giving an inference. Judgments have been further classed as analytic, synthetic, and identical.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That power or faculty by which knowledge dependent upon comparison and discrimination is acquired. See 2.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>judgment</b> is the mental act by which one thing is affirmed or denied of another.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The power by which we are enabled to perceive what is true or false, probable or improbable, is called by logicians the faculty of <b>judgment</b>.
<i>Stewart.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A calamity regarded as sent by God, by way of recompense for wrong committed; a providential punishment.</def> "<i>Judgments</i> are prepared for scorners." <i>Prov. xix. 29</i>. "This <i>judgment</i> of the heavens that makes us tremble."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The final award; the last sentence.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Judgment</i>, <i>abridgment</i>, <i>acknowledgment</i>, and <i>lodgment</i> are in England sometimes written, <i>judgement</i>, <i>abridgement</i>, <i>acknowledgement</i>, and <i>lodgement</i>.</note>

<note>&hand; <i>Judgment</i> is used adjectively in many self-explaining combinations; as, <i>judgment</i> hour; <i>judgment</i> throne.</note>

<cs><col>Judgment day</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>the last day, or period when final judgment will be pronounced on the subjects of God's moral government.</cd> -- <col>Judgment debt</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a debt secured to the creditor by a judge's order.</cd> -- <col>Judgment hall</col>, <cd>a hall where courts are held.</cd> -- <col>Judgment seat</col>, <cd>the seat or bench on which judges sit in court; hence, a court; a tribunal. "We shall all stand before the <i>judgment seat<i> of Christ." <i>Rom. xiv. 10.</i></cd> -- <col>Judgment summons</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a proceeding by a judgment creditor against a judgment debtor upon an unsatisfied judgment.</cd></cs>

<cs>   <col>Arrest of judgment</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Arrest</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Judgment of God</col>, <cd>a term formerly applied to extraordinary trials of secret crimes, as by arms and single combat, by ordeal, etc.; it being imagined that God would work miracles to vindicate innocence. See under <er>Ordeal</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Discernment; decision; determination; award; estimate; criticism; taste; discrimination; penetration; sagacity; intelligence; understanding. See <er>Taste</er>.</syn>

<h1>Judicable</h1>
<Xpage=804>

<hw>Ju"di*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>judicabilis</ets>. See <er>Judge</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Capable of being judged; capable of being tried or decided upon.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Judicative</h1>
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<hw>Ju"di*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power to judge; judicial; <as>as, the <ex>judicative</ex> faculty</as>.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Judicatory</h1>
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<hw>Ju"di*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>judicatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the administration of justice; dispensing justice; judicial; <as>as, <ex>judicatory</ex> tribunals</as>.</def>

<i>T. Wharton.</i>

<blockquote>Power to reject in an authoritative or <b>judicatory</b> way.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Judicatory</h1>
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<hw>Ju"di*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>judicatorium</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A court of justice; a tribunal.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Administration of justice.</def>

<blockquote>The supreme court of <b>judicatory</b>.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Judicature</h1>
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<hw>Ju"di*ca*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>judicatura</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or profession of those employed in the administration of justice; also, the dispensing or administration of justice.</def>

<blockquote>The honor of the judges in their <b>judicature</b> is the king's honor.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A court of justice; a judicatory.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The right of judicial action; jurisdiction; extent jurisdiction of a judge or court.</def>

<blockquote>Our Savior disputes not here the <b>judicature</b>, for that was not his office, but the morality, of divorce.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Judicial</h1>
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<hw>Ju*di"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>judicialis</ets>, fr. <ets>judicium</ets> judgment, fr. <ets>judex</ets> judge: cf. OF. <ets>judicial</ets>. See <er>Judge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining or appropriate to courts of justice, or to a judge; practiced or conformed to in the administration of justice; sanctioned or ordered by a court; <as>as, <ex>judicial</ex> power; <ex>judicial</ex> proceedings; a <ex>judicial</ex> sale.</as></def> "<i>Judicial</i> massacres."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>Not a moral but a <b>judicial</b> law, and so was abrogated.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fitted or apt for judging or deciding; <as>as, a <ex>judicial</ex> mind</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Belonging to the judiciary, as distinguished from <i>legislative</i>, <i>administrative</i>, or <i>executive</i>. See <er>Executive</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Judicious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Judicially</h1>
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<hw>Ju*di"cial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a judicial capacity or judicial manner.</def> "The Lords . . . sitting <i>judicially</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Judiciary</h1>
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<hw>Ju*di"cia*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>judiciarius</ets>, fr. <ets>judicium</ets> judgment: cf. F. <ets>judiciare</ets>. See <er>Judicial</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to courts of judicature, or legal tribunals; judicial; <as>as, a <ex>judiciary</ex> proceeding</as>.</def>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Judiciary</h1>
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<hw>Ju*di"cia*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>judiciaria</ets>, F. <ets>judiciaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of government in which judicial power is vested; the system of courts of justice in a country; the judges, taken collectively; <as>as, an independent <ex>judiciary</ex>; the senate committee on the <ex>judiciary</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Judicious</h1>
<Xpage=804>

<hw>Ju*di"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>judicieux</ets>, fr. L. <ets>judicium</ets> judgment. See <er>Judicial</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to a court; judicial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His last offenses to us
Shall have <b>judicious</b> hearing.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Directed or governed by sound judgment; having sound judgment; wise; prudent; sagacious; discreet.</def>

<blockquote>He is noble, wise, <b>judicious</b>, and best knows
The fits o' the season.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Prudent; discreet; rational; wise; skillful; discerning; sagacious; well-advised.</syn>

<h1>Judiciously</h1>
<Xpage=804>

<hw>Ju*di"cious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a judicious manner; with good judgment; wisely.</def>

<h1>Judiciousness</h1>
<Xpage=804>

<hw>Ju*di"cious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being judicious; sagacity; s<?/<?/nd judgment.</def>

<h1>Jug</h1>
<Xpage=804>

<hw>Jug</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>Jug</ets>, a corruption of, or nickname for, <ets>Joanna</ets>; cf. 2d <ets>Jack</ets>, and <ets>Jill</ets>. See <er>Johannes</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A vessel, usually of coarse earthenware, with a swelling belly and narrow mouth, and having a handle on one side.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pitcher; a ewer.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A prison; a jail; a lockup.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Jug</h1>
<Xpage=804>

<hw>Jug</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jugged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jugging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To seethe or stew, as in a jug or jar placed in boiling water; <as>as, to <ex>jug</ex> a hare</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To commit to jail; to imprison.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Jug</h1>
<Xpage=804>

<hw>Jug</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter a sound resembling this word, as certain birds do, especially the nightingale.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To nestle or collect together in a covey; -- said of quails and partridges.</def>

<h1>Jugal</h1>
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<hw>Ju"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jugalis</ets>, fr. <ets>jugum</ets> yoke.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to a yoke, or to marriage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or in the region of, the malar, or cheek bone.</def>

<h1>Jugata</h1>
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<hw>Ju*ga"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Neut. pl. of L. <ets>jugatus</ets>, <ets>p. p.</ets> of <ets>jugare</ets> to join.]</ety> <fld>(Numis.)</fld> <def>The figures of two heads on a medal or coin, either side by side or joined.</def>

<h1>Jugated</h1>
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<hw>Ju"ga*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Coupled together.</def>

<h1>Juge</h1>
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<hw>Juge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A judge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Jugement</h1>
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<hw>Jug"e*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Judgment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Juger</h1>
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<hw>Ju"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jugerum</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Roman measure of land, measuring 28,800 square feet, or 240 feet in length by 120 in breadth.</def>

<h1>Jugger</h1>
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<hw>Jug"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An East Indian falcon. See <er>Lugger</er>.</def>

<h1>Juggernaut</h1>
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<hw>Jug"ger*naut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>jagann\'betha</ets> lord of the world.]</ety> <def>One of the names under which Vishnu, in his incarnation as Krishna, is worshiped by the Hindoos.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Juggernnath</asp>, <asp>Jaganath</asp>, <asp>Jaganatha</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; The principal seat of the worship of Juggernaut is at P\'96ri in Orissa. At certain times the idol is drawn from the temple by the multitude, on a high car with sixteen wheels. Formerly, fanatics sometimes threw themselves under the wheels to be crushed as a sacrifice to the god.</note>

<h1>Juggle</h1>
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<hw>Jug"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Juggled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Juggling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>juglen</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>jogler</ets>, <ets>jugler</ets>, F. <ets>jongler</ets>. See <er>Juggler</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To play tricks by sleight of hand; to cause amusement and sport by tricks of skill; to conjure.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To practice artifice or imposture.</def>

<blockquote>Be these <b>juggling</b> fiends no more believed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Juggle</h1>
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<hw>Jug"gle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deceive by trick or artifice.</def>

<blockquote>Is't possible the spells of France should <b>juggle</b>
Men into such strange mysteries?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Juggle</h1>
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<hw>Jug"gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A trick by sleight of hand.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An imposture; a deception.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>juggle</b> of state to cozen the people.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A block of timber cut to a length, either in the round or split.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Juggler</h1>
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<hw>Jug"gler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>jogelour</ets>, <ets>juglur</ets>, OF. <ets>jogleor</ets>, <ets>jugleor</ets>, <ets>jongleor</ets>, F. <ets>jongleur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>joculator</ets> a jester, joker, fr. <ets>joculus</ets> a little jest or joke, dim. of <ets>jocus</ets> jest, joke. See <er>Joke</er>, and cf. <er>Jongleur</er>, <er>Joculator</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who practices or exhibits tricks by sleight of hand; one skilled in legerdemain; a conjurer.</def>

<blockquote>As nimble <b>jugglers</b> that deceive the eye.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Jugglers</b> and impostors do daily delude them.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A deceiver; a cheat.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Juggleress</h1>
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<hw>Jug"gler*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A female juggler.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Jugglery</h1>
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<hw>Jug"gler*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. & OF. <ets>joglerie</ets>, F. <ets>jonglerie</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or act of a juggler; sleight of hand.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Trickery; imposture; <as>as, political <ex>jugglery</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Juggling</h1>
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<hw>Jug"gling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cheating; tricky.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Jug"gling*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Juggling</h1>
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<hw>Jug"gling</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Jugglery; underhand practice.</def>

<h1>Juggs</h1>
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<hw>Juggs</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Jougs</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Juglandin</h1>
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<hw>Jug"lan*din</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>juglans</ets>, <ets>-andis</ets>, a walnut: cf. F. <ets>juglandine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An extractive matter contained in the juice of the green shucks of the walnut (<spn>Juglans regia</spn>). It is used medicinally as an alterative, and also as a black hair dye.</def>

<h1>Juglandine</h1>
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<hw>Jug"lan*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An alkaloid found in the leaves of the walnut (<spn>Juglans regia</spn>).</def>

<h1>Juglans</h1>
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<hw>Jug"lans</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., walnut.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of valuable trees, including the true walnut of Europe, and the America black walnut, and butternut.</def>

<h1>Juglone</h1>
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<hw>Ju"glone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jugl</ets>ans the walnut + <ets>-one</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow crystalline substance resembling quinone, extracted from green shucks of the walnut (<spn>Juglans regia</spn>); -- called also <altname>nucin</altname>.</def>
<-- (MI11) C10H6O3. 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione -->

<h1>Jugular</h1>
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<hw>Ju"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jugulum</ets> the collar bone, which joins together the shoulders and the breast, the throat, akin to <ets>jungere</ets> to yoke, to join: cf. F. <ets>jugulaire</ets>. See <er>Join</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the throat or neck; <as>as, the <ex>jugular</ex> vein</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the jugular vein; <as>as, the <ex>jugular</ex> foramen</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the ventral fins beneath the throat; -- said of certain fishes.</def>

<h1>Jugular</h1>
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<hw>Ju"gu*lar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>jugulaire</ets>. See <er>Jugular</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the large veins which return the blood from the head to the heart through two chief trunks, an external and an internal, on each side of the neck; -- called also the <altname>jugular vein</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any fish which has the ventral fins situated forward of the pectoral fins, or beneath the throat; one of a division of fishes (<spn>Jugulares</spn>).</def>

<h1>Jugulate</h1>
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<hw>Ju"gu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jugulated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jugulating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>jugulatus</ets>, <ets>p. p.</ets> of <ets>jugulare</ets>, fr. <ets>jugulatum</ets>. See <er>Jugular</er>.]</ety> <def>To cut the throat of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jacob Bigelow.</i>

<h1>Jugulum</h1>
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<hw>Ju"gu*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Jugula</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lower throat, or that part of the neck just above the breast.</def>

<h1>Jugum</h1>
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<hw>Ju"gum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Juga</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Jugums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a yoke, ridge.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the ridges commonly found on the fruit of umbelliferous plants.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A pair of the opposite leaflets of a pinnate plant.</def>

<hr>
<page="805">
Page 805<p>

<h1>Juice</h1>
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<hw>Juice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>juse</ets>, F.<ets>jus</ets> broth, gravy, juice, L. <ets>jus</ets>; akin to Skr. <ets>y<?/sha</ets>.]</ety> <def>The characteristic fluid of any vegetable or animal substance; the sap or part which can be expressed from fruit, etc.; the fluid part which separates from meat in cooking.</def>

<blockquote>An animal whose <b>juices</b> are unsound.
<i> Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>juice</b> of July flowers.
<i> B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>juice</b> of Egypt's grape.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Letters which Edward Digby wrote in lemon <b>juice</b>.
<i> Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cold water draws the <b>juice</b> of meat.
<i> Mrs. Whitney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Juice</h1>
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<hw>Juice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To moisten; to wet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Juiceless</h1>
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<hw>Juice"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lacking juice; dry.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Juiciness</h1>
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<hw>Jui"ci*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being juicy; succulence plants.</def>

<h1>Juicy</h1>
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<hw>Jui"cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Juicier</er>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Juiciest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>A bounding with juice; succulent.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Juise</h1>
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<hw>Ju*ise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>juise</ets>. L. <ets>judicium</ets>. See <er>Judicial</er>.]</ety> <def>Judgment; justice; sentence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Up [on] pain of hanging and high <b>juise</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jujube</h1>
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<hw>Ju"jube</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>zizyphum</ets>, Gr. <?/, Per. <ets>z\'c6zf<?/n</ets>, <ets>zizaf<?/n</ets>, <ets>zayzaf<?/n</ets>.]</ety> <def>The sweet and edible drupes (fruits) of several Mediterranean and African species small trees, of the genus <spn>Zizyphus</spn>, especially the <spn>Z. jujuba</spn>, <spn>Z. vulgaris</spn>, <spn>Z. mucronata</spn>, and <spn>Z. Lotus</spn>. The last named is thought to have furnished the lotus of the ancient Libyan <i>Lotophagi</i>, or lotus eaters.</def>

<cs><col>Jujube paste</col>, <cd>the dried or inspissated jelly of the jujube; also, a confection made of gum arabic sweetened.</cd></cs>

<h1>Juke</h1>
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<hw>Juke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[from Scottish <ets>jouk</ets> to bow.]</ety> <def>To bend the neck; to bow or duck the head.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jook</asp> and <asp>jouk</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>The money merchant was so proud of his trust that he went <b>juking</b> and tossing of his head.
<i> L' Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Juke</h1>
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<hw>Juke</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The neck of a bird.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Juke</h1>
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<hw>Juke</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>juc</ets> a roost, perch, <ets>jucher</ets> to roost, to perch.]</ety> <def>To perch on anything, as birds do.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Julaceous</h1>
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<hw>Ju*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Julus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Like an ament, or bearing aments; amentaceous.</def>

<h1>Julep</h1>
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<hw>Ju"lep</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Sp. <ets>julepe</ets>, fr. Ar. & Per. <ets>jul\'beb</ets>, <ets>jull\'beb</ets>, fr. Per. <ets>gul\'beb</ets> rose water and julep; <ets>gul</ets> rose + <ets>\'beb</ets> water.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A refreshing drink flavored with aromatic herbs</def>; esp. <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <def>a sweet, demulcent, acidulous, or mucilaginous mixture, used as a vehicle.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Honey in woods, <b>juleps</b> in brooks.
<i> H. Vaughan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A beverage composed of brandy, whisky, or some other spirituous liquor, with sugar, pounded ice, and sprigs of mint; -- called also <altname>mint julep</altname>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Julian</h1>
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<hw>Jul"ian</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Julianus</ets>, fr. <ets>Julius</ets>. Cf. <er>July</er>, <er>Gillian</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to, or derived from, Julius C\'91sar.</def>

<cs><col>Julian calendar</col>, <cd>the calendar as adjusted by Julius C\'91sar, in which the year was made to consist of 365 days, each fourth year having 366 days.</cd> -- <col>Julian epoch</col>, <cd>the epoch of the commencement of the Julian calendar, or 46 b. c.</cd> -- <col>Julian period</col>, <cd>a chronological period of 7,980 years, combining the solar, lunar, and indiction cycles (28 x 19 x 15 = 7,980), being reckoned from the year 4713 <sc>B. C.</sc>, when the first years of these several cycles would coincide, so that if any year of the period be divided by 28, 19, or 15, the remainder will be the year of the corresponding cycle. The Julian period was proposed by Scaliger, to remove or avoid ambiguities in chronological dates, and was so named because composed of Julian years.</cd> -- <col>Julian year</col>, <cd>the year of 365 days, 6 hours, adopted in the Julian calendar, and in use until superseded by the Gregorian year, as established in the reformed or Gregorian calendar.</cd></cs>

<h1>Julienne</h1>
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<hw>Ju`li*enne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A kind of soup containing thin slices or shreds of carrots, onions, etc.</def>

<h1>Juliform</h1>
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<hw>Ju"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Julus</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the shape or appearance of a julus or catkin.</def>

<h1>Julus</h1>
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<hw>Ju"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.<plw>Juli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Of the same origin as <ets>iulus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A catkin or ament. See <er>Ament</er>.</def>

<h1>July</h1>
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<hw>Ju*ly"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Julies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.<ets>Julius</ets>; -- named from Caius <ets>Julius</ets> C\'91sar, who was born in this month: cf. F. <ets>Juillet</ets>.]</ety> <def>The seventh month of the year, containing thirty-one days.</def>

<note>&hand; This month was called <i>Quintilis</i>, or the fifth month, according to the old Roman calendar, in which March was the first month of the year.</note>

<h1>July-flower</h1>
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<hw>Ju*ly"-flow`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gillyflower</er>.</def>

<h1>Jumart</h1>
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<hw>Ju"mart</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The fabled offspring of a bull and a mare.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Jumble</h1>
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<hw>Jum"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jumbled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jumbling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>jump</ets>, i. e., to make to jump, or shake.]</ety> <def>To mix in a confused mass; to put or throw together without order; -- often followed by <i>together</i> or <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Why dost thou blend and <b>jumble</b> such inconsistencies together?
<i> Burton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Every clime and age
<b>Jumbled</b> together.
<i> Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jumble</h1>
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<hw>Jum"ble</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To meet or unite in a confused way; to mix confusedly.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Jumble</h1>
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<hw>Jum"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A confused mixture; a mass or collection without order; <as>as, a <ex>jumble</ex> of words</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small, thin, sugared cake, usually ring-shaped.</def>

<h1>Jumblement</h1>
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<hw>Jum"ble*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Confused mixture.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Jumbler</h1>
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<hw>Jum"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who confuses things.</def>

<h1>Jumblingly</h1>
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<hw>Jum"bling*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a confused manner.</def>

<h1>Jument</h1>
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<hw>Ju"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jumentum</ets> a beast of burden: cf. F. <ets>jument</ets> a mare, OF., a beast of burden.]</ety> <def>A beast; especially, a beast of burden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Fitter for <b>juments</b> than men to feed on.
<i> Burton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Jump</h1>
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<hw>Jump</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>jupe</ets> a long petticoat, a skirt. Cf. <er>Juppon</er>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A kind of loose jacket for men.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A bodice worn instead of stays by women in the 18th century.</def>

<h1>Jump</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Jump</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jumped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jumping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to OD. <ets>gumpen</ets>, dial. G. <ets>gumpen</ets>, <ets>jumpen</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To spring free from the ground by the muscular action of the feet and legs; to project one's self through the air; to spring; to bound; to leap.</def>

<blockquote>Not the worst of the three but <b>jumps</b> twelve foot and a half by the square.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move as if by jumping; to bounce; to jolt.</def> "The <i>jumping</i> chariots."

<i>Nahum iii. 2.</i>

<blockquote>A flock of geese <b>jump</b> down together.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To coincide; to agree; to accord; to tally; -- followed by <i>with</i>.</def> "It <i>jumps</i> with my humor."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>To jump at</col>, <cd>to spring to; hence, fig., to accept suddenly or eagerly; as, a fish <i>jumps at<i> a bait; to <i>jump at<i> a chance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jump</h1>
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<hw>Jump</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pass by a spring or leap; to overleap; <as>as, to <ex>jump</ex> a stream</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to jump; <as>as, he <ex>jumped</ex> his horse across the ditch</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To expose to danger; to risk; to hazard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>jump</b> a body with a dangerous physic.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Smithwork)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To join by a butt weld.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To thicken or enlarge by endwise blows; to upset.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Quarrying)</fld> <def>To bore with a jumper.</def>

<cs><col>To jump a claim</col>, <cd>to enter upon and take possession of land to which another has acquired a claim by prior entry and occupation. <mark>[Western U. S. & Australia]</mark> See <er>Claim</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd> -- <col>To jump one's bail</col>, <cd>to abscond while at liberty under bail bonds. <mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Jump</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Jump</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of jumping; a leap; a spring; a bound.</def> "To advance by <i>jumps</i>."

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An effort; an attempt; a venture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Our fortune lies
Upon this<b>jump</b>.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The space traversed by a leap.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A dislocation in a stratum; a fault.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An abrupt interruption of level in a piece of brickwork or masonry.</def>

<cs><col>From the jump</col>, <cd>from the start or beginning.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Jump joint</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A butt joint</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A flush joint, as of plank in carvel-built vessels.</cd> -- <col>Jump seat</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A movable carriage seat</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A carriage constructed with a seat which may be shifted so as to make room for second or extra seat</cd>. Also used adjectively; <as>as, a <ex>jump-seat<ex> wagon</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jump</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Jump</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Nice; exact; matched; fitting; precise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Jump</i> names."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Jump</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Jump</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Exactly; pat.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Jumper</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Jump"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, jumps.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A long drilling tool used by masons and quarrymen.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A rude kind of sleigh; -- usually, a simple box on runners which are in one piece with the poles that form the thills.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<i>J. F. Cooper.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of the cheese fly. See <cref>Cheese fly</cref>, under <er>Cheese</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A name applied in the 18th century to certain Calvinistic Methodists in Wales whose worship was characterized by violent convulsions.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Horology)</fld> <def>spring to impel the star wheel, also a pawl to lock fast a wheel, in a repeating timepiece.</def>

<cs><col>Baby jumper</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Bounty jumper</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bounty</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jumper</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Jump"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Jump</er>.]</ety> <def>A loose upper garment</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A sort of blouse worn by workmen over their ordinary dress to protect it</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A fur garment worn in Arctic journeys.</def>

<h1>Jumping</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Jump"ing</hw>, <tt>p. a. & vb. n.</tt> <def>of <er>Jump</er>, to leap.</def>

<cs><col>Jumping bean</col>, <cd>a seed of a Mexican <spn>Euphorbia</spn>, containing the larva of a moth (<spn>Carpocapsa saltitans</spn>). The larva by its sudden movements causes the seed to roll to roll and jump about.</cd> -- <col>Jumping deer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a South African rodent (<spn>Pedetes Caffer</spn>), allied to the jerboa.</cd> -- <col>Jumping jack</col>, <cd>a toy figure of a man, jointed and made to jump or dance by means of strings.</cd> -- <col>Jumping louse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any of the numerous species of plant lice belonging to the family <spn>Psyllid\'91</spn>, several of which are injurious to fruit trees.</cd> -- <col>Jumping mouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>North American mouse (<spn>Zapus Hudsonius</spn>), having a long tail and large hind legs. It is noted for its jumping powers. Called also <altname>kangaroo mouse</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Jumping mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>gray mullet.</cd> -- <col>Jumping shrew</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any African insectivore of the genus <spn>Macroscelides</spn>. They are allied to the shrews, but have large hind legs adapted for jumping.</cd> -- <col>Jumping spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>spider of the genus <spn>Salticus</spn> and other related genera; one of the Saltigrad\'91; -- so called because it leaps upon its prey.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jumpweld</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Jump"weld`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Buttweld</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Juncaceous</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Jun*ca"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Juncate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of. pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants (<spn>Juncace\'91</spn>), of which the common rush (<spn>Juncus</spn>) is the type.</def>

<h1>Juncate</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Jun"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Junket</er>.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Juncite</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Jun"cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>juncus</ets> a rush.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil rush.</def>

<h1>Junco</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Jun"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the genus <spn>Junco</spn>, which includes several species of North American finches; -- called also <altname>snowbird</altname>, or <altname>blue snowbird</altname>.</def>

<h1>Juncous</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Jun"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>juncosus</ets>, fr. <ets>juncus</ets> a rush.]</ety> <def>Full of rushes: resembling rushes; juncaceous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Junction</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Junc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>junctio</ets>, fr. <ets>jungere</ets>, <ets>junctum</ets>, to join: cf. F. <ets>jonction</ets>. See <er>Join</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of joining, or the state of being joined; union; combination; coalition; <as>as, the <ex>junction</ex> of two armies or detachments; the <ex>junction</ex> of paths.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The place or point of union, meeting, or junction; specifically, the place where two or more lines of railway meet or cross.</def>

<cs><col>Junction plate</col> <fld>(Boilers)</fld>, <cd>a covering or break-join plate riveted to and uniting the edges of sheets which make a butt joint.</cd> -- <col>Junction rails</col> <fld>(Railroads)</fld>, <cd>the switch, or movable, rails, connecting one line of track with another.</cd></cs>

<h1>Juncture</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Junc"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>junctura</ets>, fr. <ets>jungere</ets> to join. See <er>Jointure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A joining; a union; an alliance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Devotional compliance and <i>juncture</i> of hearts."

<i>Eikon Basilike.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The line or point at which two bodies are joined; a joint; an articulation; a seam; <as>as, the <ex>junctures</ex> of a vessel or of the bones</as>.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A point of time; esp., one made critical or important by a concurrence of circumstances; hence, a crisis; an exigency.</def> "Extraordinary <i>junctures</i>."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>In such a <b>juncture</b>, what can the most plausible and refined philosophy offer?
<i> Berkeley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>June</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>June</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Junius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>Juin</ets>. So called either from <ets>Junius</ets>, the name of a Roman gens, or from <ets>Juno</ets>, the goddess.]</ety> <def>The sixth month of the year, containing thirty days.</def>

<blockquote>And what is so rare as a day in <b>June</b>?
Then, if ever, come perfect days.
<i> Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>June beetle</col>, <col>June bug</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of large brown beetles of the genus <spn>Lachnosterna</spn> and related genera; -- so called because they begin to fly, in the northern United States, about the first of June. The larv\'91 of the June beetles live under ground, and feed upon the roots of grasses and other plants. Called also <altname>May bug</altname> or <altname>May beetle</altname>.</cd> -- <col>June grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a New England name for Kentucky blue grass. See <er>Blue glass</er>, and <i>Illustration<i> in Appendix.</cd></cs>

<h1>Juneating</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>June"a*ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of early apple.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>jenneting</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Juneberry</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>June"ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The small applelike berry of American trees of genus <spn>Amelanchier</spn>; -- also called <altname>service berry</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The shrub or tree which bears this fruit; -- also called <altname>shad bush</altname>, and <altname>had tree</altname>.</def>

<h1>Jungermannia</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Jun`ger*man"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Jungermanni\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. Named after Ludwig <ets>Jungermann</ets>, a German botanist.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of hepatic mosses, now much circumscribed, but formerly comprising most plants of the order, which is sometimes therefore called <altname>Jungermanniace\'91</altname>.</def>

<h1>Jungle</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Jun"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>jangal</ets> desert, forest, jungle; Skr. <ets>ja<?/gala</ets> desert.]</ety> <def>A dense growth of brushwood, grasses, reeds, vines, etc.; an almost impenetrable thicket of trees, canes, and reedy vegetation, as in India, Africa, Australia, and Brazil.</def>

<-- (Fig.) 2. a place of danger or ruthless competition for survival.
    "It's a jungle out there"
 3. anything which causes difficulty due to intricacy; as a jungle of environmental regulations. (MW10)
 -->

<blockquote>The <b>jungles</b> of India are of bamboos, canes, and other palms, very difficult to penetrate.
<i> Balfour (Cyc. of India).</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Jungle bear</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the aswail or sloth bear.</cd> -- <col>Jungle cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chaus.</cd> -- <col>Jungle cock</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the male of a jungle fowl.</cd> -- <col>Jungle fowl</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any wild species of the genus <spn>Gallus</spn>, of which several species inhabit India and the adjacent islands; as, the fork-tailed <i>jungle fowl<i> (<spn>G. varius</spn>) of Java, <spn>G. Stanleyi</spn> of Ceylon, and <spn>G. Bankiva</spn> of India.</cd> <note>The latter, which resembles the domestic gamecock, is supposed to be one of the original species from which the domestic fowl was derived.</note> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An Australian grallatorial bird (<spn>Megapodius tumulus</spn>) which is allied to the brush turkey, and, like the latter, lays its eggs in mounds of vegetable matter, where they are hatched by the heat produced by decomposition.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jungly</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Jun"gly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of jungles; abounding with jungles; of the nature of a jungle.</def>

<h1>Junior</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Jun"ior</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. contr. fr. <ets>juvenior</ets>, compar. of <ets>juvenis</ets> young. See <er>Juvenile</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Less advanced in age than another; younger.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Junior</i> is applied to distinguish the younger of two persons bearing the same name in the same family, and is opposed to <i>senior or elder</i>. Commonly applied to a son who has the same Christian name as his father.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lower in standing or in rank; later in office; <as>as, a <ex>junior</ex> partner; <ex>junior</ex> counsel; <ex>junior</ex> captain.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Composed of juniors, whether younger or a lower standing; <as>as, the <ex>junior</ex> class</as>; of or pertaining to juniors or to a junior class. See <er>Junior</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Belonging to a younger person, or an earlier time of life.</def>

<blockquote>Our first studies and <b>junior</b> endeavors.
<i> Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Junior</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Jun"ior</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A younger person.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>junior</b> she, by thirty years.
<i> Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: One of a lower or later standing; specifically, in American colleges, one in the third year of his course, one in the fourth or final year being designated a <i>senior</i>; in some seminaries, one in the first year, in others, one in the second year, of a three years' course.</def>

<h1>Juniority</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Jun*ior"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being junior.</def>

<h1>Juniper</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Ju"ni*per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>juniperus</ets>, prop., youth-producing, and so called from its evergreen appearance, from the roots of E. <ets>juvenile</ets>, and <ets>parent</ets>. <ets>Cf</ets>. <er>Gin</er> the liquor.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any evergreen shrub or tree, of the genus <spn>Juniperus</spn> and order <spn>Conifer\'91</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; The common juniper (<spn>J. communis</spn>) is a shrub of a low, spreading form, having awl-shaped, rigid leaves in whorls of threes, and bearing small purplish blue berries (or galbuli), of a warm, pungent taste, used as diuretic and in flavoring gin. A resin exudes from the bark, which has erroneously been considered identical with sandarach, and is used as pounce. The oil of juniper is acrid, and used for various purposes, as in medicine, for making varnish, etc. The wood of several species is of a reddish color, hard and durable, and is used in cabinetwork under the names of <i>red cedar</i>, <i>Bermuda cedar</i>, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Juniper worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of a geometrid moth (<spn>Drepanodes varus</spn>). It feeds upon the leaves of the juniper, and mimics the small twigs both in form and color, in a remarkable manner.</cd></cs>

<h1>Juniperin</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Ju"ni*per*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow amorphous substance extracted from juniper berries.</def>

<h1>Juniperite</h1>
<Xpage=805>

<hw>Ju"ni*per*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>One of the fossil <spn>Conifer\'91</spn>, evidently allied to the juniper.</def>

<hr>
<page="806">
Page 806<p>

<h1>Junk</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Junk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fragment of any solid substance; a thick piece. See <er>Chunk</er>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Junk</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Junk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>junco</ets> junk, rush, L. <ets>juncus</ets> a bulrush, of which ropes were made in early ages. Cf. <er>Junket</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pieces of old cable or old cordage, used for making gaskets, mats, swabs, etc., and when picked to pieces, forming oakum for filling the seams of ships.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Old iron, or other metal, glass, paper, etc., bought and sold by junk dealers.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Hard salted beef supplied to ships.</def>

<cs><col>Junk bottle</col> , <cd>a stout bottle made of thick dark-colored glass.</cd> -- <col>Junk dealer</col>, <cd>a dealer in old cordage, old metal, glass, etc.</cd> -- <col>Junk hook</col> <fld>(Whaling)</fld>, <cd>a hook for hauling heavy pieces of blubber on deck.</cd> -- <col>Junk ring</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A packing of soft material round the piston of a steam engine</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A metallic ring for retaining a piston packing in place</cd>; <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A follower.</cd> -- <col>Junk shop</col>, <cd>a shop where old cordage, and ship's tackle, old iron, old bottles, old paper, etc., are kept for sale.</cd> -- <col>Junk vat</col> <fld>(Leather Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a large vat into which spent tan liquor or ooze is pumped.</cd> -- <col>Junk wad</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a wad used in proving cannon; also used in firing hot shot.</cd></cs>

<h1>Junk</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Junk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>junco</ets>; cf. Jav. & Malay <ets>jong</ets>, <ets>ajong</ets>, Chin. <ets>chwan</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A large vessel, without keel or prominent stem, and with huge masts in one piece, used by the Chinese, Japanese, Siamese, Malays, etc., in navigating their waters.</def>

<h1>Junker</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Jun"ker</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. Cf. <er>Yonker</er>.]</ety> <def>A young German noble or squire; esp., a member of the aristocratic party in Prussia.</def>

<h1>Junkerism</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Jun"ker*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles of the aristocratic party in Prussia.</def>

<h1>Junket</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Jun"ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formerly also <ets>juncate</ets>, fr. It.  <ets>giuncata</ets> cream cheese, made in a wicker or rush basket, fr. L. <ets>juncus</ets> a rush. See 2d <er>Junk</er>, and cf. <er>Juncate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A cheese cake; a sweetmeat; any delicate food.</def>

<blockquote>How Faery Mab the <b>junkets</b> eat.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Victuals varied well in taste,
And other <b>junkets</b>.
<i> Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A feast; an entertainment.</def>

<blockquote>A new jaunt or <b>junket</b> every night.
<i> Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Junket</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Jun"ket</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To feast; to banquet; to make an entertainment; -- sometimes applied opprobriously to feasting by public officers at the public cost.</def>

<blockquote>Job's children <b>junketed</b> and feasted together often.
<i> South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Junket</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Jun"ket</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Junketed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Junketing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To give entertainment to; to feast.</def>

<blockquote>The good woman took my lodgings over my head, and was in such a hurry to <b>junket</b> her neighbors.
<i> Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Junketing</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Jun"ket*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A feast or entertainment; a revel.</def>

<blockquote>All those snug <b>junketings</b> and public gormandizings for which the ancient magistrates were equally famous with their modern successors.
<i> W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The apostle would have no reveling or <b>junketing</b> upon the altar.
<i> South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Junketries</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Jun"ket*ries</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Sweetmeats.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>June</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Ju"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Junos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>The sister and wife of Jupiter, the queen of heaven, and the goddess who presided over marriage. She corresponds to the Greek Hera.</def>

<blockquote>Sweeter than the lids of <b>Juno's</b> eyes.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of the early discovered asteroids.</def>

<cs><col>Bird of June</col>, <cd>the peacock.</cd></cs>

<h1>Junta</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Jun"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Juntas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp., fr. L. <ets>junctus</ets> joined, <ets>p. p.</ets> of <ets>jungere</ets> to join. See <er>Join</er>, and cf. <er>Junto</er>.]</ety> <def>A council; a convention; a tribunal; an assembly; esp., the grand council of state in Spain.</def>

<h1>Junto</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Jun"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Juntos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp. <ets>junto</ets> united. See <er>Junta</er>.]</ety> <def>A secret council to deliberate on affairs of government or politics; a number of men combined for party intrigue; a faction; a cabal; <as>as, a <ex>junto</ex> of ministers; a <ex>junto</ex> of politicians.</as></def>

<blockquote>The puzzling sons of party next appeared,
In dark cabals and mighty <b>juntos</b> met.
<i> Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Junartie</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Jun"ar*tie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Jeopardy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Jupati palm</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Ju`pa*ti" palm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A great Brazilian palm tree (<spn>Raphia t\'91digera</spn>), used by the natives for many purposes.</def>

<h1>Jupe</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Jupe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Jupon</er>.</def>

<h1>Jupiter</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Ju"pi*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>Jovis pater</ets>. See <er>Jove</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>The supreme deity, king of gods and men, and reputed to be the son of Saturn and Rhea; Jove. He corresponds to the Greek Zeus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of the planets, being the brightest except Venus, and the largest of them all, its mean diameter being about 85,000 miles. It revolves about the sun in 4,332.6 days, at a mean distance of 5.2028 from the sun, the earth's mean distance being taken as unity.</def>

<cs><col>Jupiter's beard</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A South European herb, with cymes of small red blossoms (<spn>Centranthus ruber</spn>)</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The houseleek (<spn>Sempervivum tectorum</spn>); -- so called from its massive inflorescence, like the sculptured beard of Jove</cd>. <i>Prior</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>the cloverlike <spn>Anthyllis Barba-Jovis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Jupiter's staff</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the common mullein; -- so called from its long, rigid spike of yellow blossoms.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jupon, Juppon</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ju*pon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Jup*pon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jupon</ets>, fr. <ets>jupe</ets> skirt, Sp. <ets>aljuba</ets> a Moorish garment, Ar. <ets>jubba</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written variously <asp>jupe</asp>, <asp>jump</asp>, <asp>juppo</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A sleeveless jacket worn over the armor in the 14th century. It fitted closely, and descended below the hips.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A petticoat.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Jura</h1>
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<hw>Ju"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. & L.]</ety> <def>1. A range of mountains between France and Switzerland.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The Jurassic period. See <er>Jurassic</er>.</def>

<h1>Jural</h1>
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<hw>Ju"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>jus</ets>, <ets>juris</ets>, right.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to natural or positive right.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>By the adjective <b>jural</b> we shall denote that which has reference to the doctrine of rights and obligations; as by the adjective "moral" we denote that which has reference to the doctrine of duties.
<i> Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to jurisprudence.</def>

<h1>Juramentum</h1>
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<hw>Ju`ra*men"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Juramenta</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Roman & Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>An oath.</def>

<h1>Jurassic</h1>
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<hw>Ju*ras"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of the age of the middle Mesozoic, including, as divided in England and Europe, the Lias, O\'94lite, and Wealden; -- named from certain rocks of the <i>Jura</i> mountains.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The Jurassic period or formation; -- called also the <altname>Jura</altname>.</def></def2>

<h1>Jurat</h1>
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<hw>Ju"rat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. F. <ets>jurat</ets>, fr. L. <ets>juratus</ets> sworn, <ets>p. p.</ets> of <ets>jurare</ets> to swear. See <er>Jury</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A person under oath; specifically, an officer of the nature of an alderman, in certain municipal corporations in England.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The memorandum or certificate at the end of an asffidavit, or a bill or answer in chancery, showing when, before whom, and (in English practice), where, it was sworn or affirmed.</def>

<i>Wharton. Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Juratory</h1>
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<hw>Ju"ra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>juratorius</ets>, fr. <ets>jurare</ets> to swear: cf. F. <ets>juratoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to or comprising an oath; <as>as, <ex>juratory</ex> caution</as>.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Jura-trias</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Ju`ra-tri"as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A term applied to many American Mesozoic strata, in which the characteristics of the Jurassic and Triassic periods appear to be blended.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ju`ra-tri*as"sic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Jurdiccion</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Jur*dic"ci*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Jurisdiction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Jurdon</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Jur"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Jordan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Jurel</h1>
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<hw>Ju"rel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A yellow carangoid fish of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts (<spn>Caranx chrysos</spn>), most abundant southward, where it is valued as a food fish; -- called also <altname>hardtail</altname>, <altname>horse crevall\'82</altname>, <altname>jack</altname>, <altname>buffalo jack</altname>, <altname>skipjack</altname>, <altname>yellow mackerel</altname>, and sometimes, improperly, <altname>horse mackerel</altname>. Other species of <spn>Caranx</spn> (as <spn>C. fallax</spn>) are also sometimes called <i>jurel</i>.</def>

<h1>Juridic, Juridical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ju*rid"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ju*rid"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>juridicus</ets> relating to the administration of justice; <ets>jus</ets>, <ets>juris</ets>, right, law + <ets>dicare</ets> to pronounce: cf. F. <ets>juridique</ets>. See <er>Just</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Diction</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a judge or to jurisprudence; acting in the distribution of justice; used in courts of law; according to law; legal; <as>as, <ex>juridical</ex> law</as>.</def> "This <i>juridical</i> sword."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The body corporate of the kingdom, in <b>juridical</b> construction, never dies.
<i> Burke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Juridical days</col>, <cd>days on which courts are open.</cd></cs>

<h1>Juridically</h1>
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<hw>Ju*rid*ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a juridical manner.</def>

<h1>Jurisconsult</h1>
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<hw>Ju`ris*con"sult</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jurisconsultus</ets>; <ets>jus</ets>, <ets>juris</ets>, right + <ets>consulere</ets>, <ets>consultum</ets>, to consult: cf. F. <ets>jurisconsulte</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A man learned in the civil law; an expert in juridical science; a professor of jurisprudence; a jurist.</def>

<h1>Jurisdiction</h1>
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<hw>Ju`ris*dic"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jurisdictio</ets>; <ets>jus</ets>, <ets>juris</ets>, right, law + <ets>dictio</ets> a saying, speaking: cf. OF. <ets>jurisdiction</ets>, F. <ets>juridiction</ets>. See <er>Just</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Diction</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The legal power, right, or authority of a particular court to hear and determine causes, to try criminals, or to execute justice; judicial authority over a cause or class of causes; <as>as, certain suits or actions, or the cognizance of certain crimes, are within the <ex>jurisdiction</ex> of a particular court, that is, within the limits of its authority or commission</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The authority of a sovereign power to govern or legislate; the right of making or enforcing laws; the power or right of exercising authority.</def>

<blockquote>To live exempt
From Heaven's high <b>jurisdiction</b>.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You wrought to be a legate; by which power
You maim'd the <b>jurisdiction</b> of all bishops.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sphere of authority; the limits within which any particular power may be exercised, or within which a government or a court has authority.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Jurisdiction</i>, in its most general sense, is the power to make, declare, or apply the law. When confined to the <i>judiciary department</i>, it is what we denominate the <i>judicial power</i>, the right of administering justice through the laws, by the means which the laws have provided for that purpose.  <i>Jurisdiction</i> is limited to place or territory, to persons, or to particular subjects.</note>

<i>Duponceau.</i>

<h1>Jurisdictional</h1>
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<hw>Ju`ris*dic"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>jurisdictionalis</ets>, F. <ets>juridictionnel</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to jurisdiction; as <i>jurisdictional</i> rights.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Jurisdictive</h1>
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<hw>Ju`ris*dic"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having jurisdiction.</def>

<i> Milton.</i>

<h1>Jurisprudence</h1>
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<hw>Ju`ris*pru"dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>jurisprudentia</ets>; <ets>jus</ets>, <ets>juris</ets>, right, law +  <ets>prudentia</ets> a foreseeing, knowledge of a matter, prudence: cf. F. <ets>jurisprudence</ets>. See <er>Just</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Prudence</er>.]</ety> <def>The science of juridical law; the knowledge of the laws, customs, and rights of men in a state or community, necessary for the due administration of justice.</def>

<blockquote>The talents of Abelard were not confined to theology, <b>jurisprudence</b>, philosophy.
<i> J. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Medical jurisprudence</col>, <cd>that branch of juridical law which concerns questions of medicine.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jurisprudent</h1>
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<hw>Ju`ris*pru"dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[See <er>Jurisprudence</er>.]</ety> <def>Understanding law; skilled in jurisprudence.</def>

<i>G. West.</i>

<h1>Jurisprudent</h1>
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<hw>Ju`ris*pru"dent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>jurisprudent</ets>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in law or jurisprudence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Jurisprudential</h1>
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<hw>Ju`ris*pru*den"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to jurisprudence.</def>

<i>Stewart.</i>

<h1>Jurist</h1>
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<hw>Ju`rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>juriste</ets>, LL. <ets>jurista</ets>, fr. L. <ets>jus</ets>, <ets>juris</ets>, right, law. See <er>Just</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>One who professes the science of law; one versed in the law, especially in the civil law; a writer on civil and international law.</def>

<blockquote>It has ever been the method of public <b>jurists</b> to <?/raw a great part of the analogies on which they form the law of nations from the principles of law which prevail in civil community.
<i> Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Juristic, Juristical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ju*ris"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ju*ris"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a jurist, to the legal profession, or to jurisprudence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Juristic</i> ancestry."

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Juror</h1>
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<hw>Ju"ror</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jureur</ets> one who takes oath, L. <ets>jurator</ets> a swearer, fr.  <ets>jurare</ets>, <ets>jurari</ets>, to swear. See <er>Jury</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A member of a jury; a juryman.</def>

<blockquote>I shall both find your lordship judge and <b>juror</b>.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of any jury for awarding prizes, etc.</def>

<h1>Jury</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Ju"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>For temporary use; -- applied to a temporary contrivance.</def>

<cs><col>Jury mast</col>, <cd>a temporary mast, in place of one that has been carried away, or broken.</cd> -- <col>Jury rudder</col>, <cd>a rudder constructed for temporary use.</cd></cs>

<h1>Jury</h1>
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<hw>Ju"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Juries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OF. <ets>jur\'82e</ets> an assize, fr.  <ets>jurer</ets> to swear, L. <ets>jurare</ets>, <ets>jurari</ets>; akin to <ets>jus</ets>, <ets>juris</ets>, right, law. See <er>Just</er>,<tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Jurat</er>, <er>Abjure</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A body of men, usually twelve, selected according to law, impaneled and sworn to inquire into and try any matter of fact, and to render their true verdict according to the evidence legally adduced. See <cref>Grand jury</cref> under <er>Grand</er>, and <er>Inquest</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>jury</b>, passing on the prisoner's life.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A committee for determining relative merit or awarding prizes at an exhibition or competition; <as>as, the art <ex>jury</ex> gave him the first prize</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Jury of inquest</col>, <cd>a coroner's jury. See <er>Inquest</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Juryman</h1>
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<hw>Ju"ry*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Jurymen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who is impaneled on a jury, or who serves as a juror.</def>

<h1>Jury-rigged</h1>
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<hw>Ju"ry-rigged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Rigged for temporary service. See <er>Jury</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Jussi</h1>
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<hw>Jus"si</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A delicate fiber, produced in the Philippine Islands from an unidentified plant, of which dresses, etc., are made.</def>

<h1>Just</h1>
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<hw>Just</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>juste</ets>, L. <ets>justus</ets>, fr. <ets>jus</ets> right, law, justice; orig., that which is fitting; akin to Skr. <ets>yu</ets> to join. Cf. <er>Injury</er>, <er>Judge</er>, <er>Jury</er>, <er>Giusto</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Conforming or conformable to rectitude or justice; not doing wrong to any; violating no right or obligation; upright; righteous; honest; true; -- said both of persons and things.</def> "O <i>just</i> but severe law!"

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>There is not a <b>just</b> man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not.
<i> Eccl. vii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Just</b> balances, <b>just</b> weights, . . . shall ye have.
<i> Lev. xix. 36.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How should man be <b>just</b> with God?
<i> Job ix. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We know your grace to be a man.
<b>Just</b> and upright.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not transgressing the requirement of truth and propriety; conformed to the truth of things, to reason, or to a proper standard; exact; normal; reasonable; regular; due; <as>as, a <ex>just</ex> statement; a <ex>just</ex> inference.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Just</b> of thy word, in every thought sincere.
<i> Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The prince is here at hand: pleaseth your lordship
To meet his grace <b>just</b> distance 'tween our armies.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He was a comely personage, a little above <b>just stature.</</b>q> <i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fire fitted with <b>just</b> materials casts a constant heat.
<i> Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When all
The war shall stand ranged in its <b>just</b> array.
<i> Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their named alone would make a <b>just</b> volume.
<i> Burton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Rendering or disposed to render to each one his due; equitable; fair; impartial; <as>as, <ex>just</ex> judge</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Men are commonly so <b>just</b> to virtue and goodness as to praise it in others, even when they do not practice it themselves.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Just intonation</col>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The correct sounding of notes or intervals; true pitch</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The giving all chords and intervals in their purity or their exact mathematical ratio, or without <i>temperament<i>; a process in which the number of notes and intervals required in the various keys is much greater than the twelve to the octave used in systems of temperament.</cd></cs>

<i>H. W. Poole.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Equitable; upright; honest; true; fair; impartial; proper; exact; normal; orderly; regular.</syn>

<h1>Just</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Just</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Precisely; exactly; -- in place, time, or degree; neither more nor less than is stated.</def>

<blockquote>And having <b>just</b> enough, not covet more.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The god Pan guided my hand <b>just</b> to the heart of the beast.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To-night, at Herne's oak, <b>just</b> 'twixt twelve and one.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Closely; nearly; almost.</def>

<blockquote><b>Just</b> at the point of death.
<i> Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Barely; merely; scarcely; only; by a very small space or time; <as>as, he <ex>just</ex> missed the train; <ex>just</ex> too late.</as></def>

<blockquote>A soft Etesian gale
But <b>just</b> inspired and gently swelled the sail.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Just now</col>, <cd>the least possible time since; a moment ago.</cd></cs>

<h1>Just</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Just</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Joust</er>.]</ety> <def>To joust.</def>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Just</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Just</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A joust.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Justice</h1>
<Xpage=806>

<hw>Jus"tice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>justitia</ets>, fr.  <ets>justus</ets> just. See <er>Just</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being just; conformity to the principles of righteousness and rectitude in all things; strict performance of moral obligations; practical conformity to human or divine law; integrity in the dealings of men with each other; rectitude; equity; uprightness.</def>

<blockquote><b>Justice</b> and judgment are the haditation of thy throne.
<i> Ps. ixxxix. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The king-becoming graces,
As justice, verity, temperance, stableness, . . .
I have no relish of them.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conformity to truth and reality in expressing opinions and in conduct; fair representation of facts respecting merit or demerit; honesty; fidelity; impartiality; <as>as, the <ex>justice</ex> of a description or of a judgment; historical <ex>justice</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The rendering to every one his due or right; just treatment; requital of desert; merited reward or punishment; that which is due to one's conduct or motives.</def>

<blockquote>This even-handed <b>justice</b>
Commends the ingredients of our poisoned chalice
To our own lips.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Agreeableness to right; equity; justness; <as>as, the <ex>justice</ex> of a claim</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="807">
Page 807<p>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A person duly commissioned to hold courts, or to try and decide controversies and administer justice.</def>

<note>&hand; This title is given to the judges of the common law courts in England and in the United States, and extends to judicial officers and magistrates of every grade.</note>

<cs><col>Bed of justice</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bed</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chief justice</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Justice of the peace</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a judicial officer or subordinate magistrate appointed for the conservation of the peace in a specified district, with other incidental powers specified in his commission. In the United States a justice of the peace has jurisdiction to adjudicate certain minor cases, commit offenders, etc.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Equity; law; right; rectitude; honesty; integrity; uprightness; fairness; impartiality.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Justice</er>, <er>Equity</er>, <er>Law</er>. <i>Justice</i> and <i>equity</i> are the same; but human laws, though designed to secure justice, are of necessity imperfect, and hence what is strictly <i>legal</i> is at times far from being <i>equitable</i> or <i>just</i>. Here a court of <i>equity</i> comes in to redress the grievances. It does so, as distinguished from courts of <i>law</i>; and as the latter are often styled courts of <i>justice</i>, some have fancied that there is in this case a conflict between <i>justice</i> and <i>equity</i>. The real conflict is against the <i>working</i> of the <i>law</i>; this a court of <i>equity</i> brings into accordance with the claims of <i>justice</i>. It would be an unfortunate use of language which should lead any one to imagine he might have <i>justice</i> on his side while practicing iniquity (<i>inequity</i>).

   <er>Justice</er>, <er>Rectitude</er>. <i>Rectitude</i>, in its widest sense, is one of the most comprehensive words in our language, denoting absolute conformity to the rule of right in principle and practice. <i>Justice</i> refers more especially to the carrying out of law, and has been considered by moralists as of three kinds: (1) <i>Commutative</i> justice, which gives every man his own property, including things pledged by promise. (2) <i>Distributive</i> justice, which gives every man his exact deserts. (3) <i>General</i> justice, which carries out all the <i>ends</i> of law, though not in every case through the precise channels of commutative or distributive justice; as we see often done by a parent or a ruler in his dealings with those who are subject to his control.</usage>

<h1>Justice</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Jus"tice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To administer justice to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Justiceable</h1>
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<hw>Jus"tice*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Liable to trial in a court of justice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hayward.</i>

<h1>Justicehood</h1>
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<hw>Jus"tice*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Justiceship.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Justicement</h1>
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<hw>Jus"tice*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Administration of justice; procedure in courts of justice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Justicer</h1>
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<hw>Jus"ti*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who administers justice; a judge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Some upright <i>justicer</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Justiceship</h1>
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<hw>Jus"tice*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or dignity of a justice.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Justiciable</h1>
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<hw>Jus*ti"ci*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>justitiabilis</ets>, F. <ets>justiciable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Proper to be examined in a court of justice.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Justiciar</h1>
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<hw>Jus*ti"ci*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Justiciary</er>.</def>

<h1>Justiciary</h1>
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<hw>Jus*ti"ci*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>justitiarius</ets>, F. <ets>justicier</ets>. See <er>Justice</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>An old name for the judges of the higher English courts.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>chief justiciary</i>, or <i>justiciar</i>, in early English history, was not only the chief justice of the kingdom, but also <i>ex officio</i> regent in the king's absence.</note>

<cs><col>Court of justiciary</col> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>, <cd>the supreme criminal court, having jurisdiction over the whole of Scotland.</cd></cs>

<h1>Justico, Justicoat</h1>
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<hw><hw>Jus"ti*co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Jus"ti*coat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>justaucorps</ets>, lit., close to the body.]</ety> <def>Formerly, a close coat or waistcoat with sleeves.</def>

<h1>Justifiable</h1>
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<hw>Jus"ti*fi`a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>justifiable</ets>. See <er>Justify</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being justified, or shown to be just.</def>

<blockquote>Just are the ways of God,
An <b>justifiable</b> to men.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Defensible; vindicable; warrantable; excusable; exculpable; authorizable.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Jus"ti*fi`a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Jus"ti*fi`a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Justification</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Jus`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>justificatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>justification</ets>. See <er>Justify</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of justifying or the state of being justified; a showing or proving to be just or conformable to law, justice, right, or duty; defense; vindication; support; <as>as, arguments in <ex>justification</ex> of the prisoner's conduct; his disobedience admits <ex>justification</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>I hope, for my brother's <b>justification</b>, he wrote this but as an essay or taste of my virtue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The showing in court of a sufficient lawful reason why a party charged or accused did that for which he is called to answer.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The act of justifying, or the state of being justified, in respect to God's requirements.</def>

<blockquote>Who was delivered for our offenses, and was raised again for our <b>justification</b>.
<i>Rom. iv. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In such righteousness
To them by faith imputed, they may find
<b>Justification</b> toward God, and peace
Of conscience.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Adjustment of type by spacing it so as to make it exactly fill a line, or of a cut so as to hold it in the right place; also, the leads, quads, etc., used for making such adjustment.</def>

<h1>Justificative</h1>
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<hw>Jus*tif"i*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>justificatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having power to justify; justificatory.</def>

<h1>Justificator</h1>
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<hw>Jus"ti*fi*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>justificator</ets>: cf. F. <ets>justificateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who justifies or vindicates; a justifier.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Justificatory</h1>
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<hw>Jus*tif"i*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Vindicatory; defensory; justificative.</def>

<h1>Justifier</h1>
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<hw>Jus"ti*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who justifies; one who vindicates, supports, defends, or absolves.</def>

<blockquote><b>Justifiers</b> of themselves and hypocrites.
<i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That he might be just, and the <b>justifier</b> of him which believeth in Jesus.
<i>Rom. iii. 26.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Justify</h1>
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<hw>Jus"ti*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Justified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Justifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>justifier</ets>, L. <ets>justificare</ets>; <ets>justus</ets> just + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>Just</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To prove or show to be just; to vindicate; to maintain or defend as conformable to law, right, justice, propriety, or duty.</def>

<blockquote>That to the height of this great argument
I may assert eternal providence,
And <b>justify</b> the ways of God to men.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Unless the oppression is so extreme as to <b>justify</b> revolution, it would not <b>justify</b> the evil of breaking up a government.
<i>E. Everett.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pronounce free from guilt or blame; to declare or prove to have done that which is just, right, proper, etc.; to absolve; to exonerate; to clear.</def>

<blockquote>I can not <b>justify</b> whom the law condemns.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>To treat as if righteous and just; to pardon; to exculpate; to absolve.</def>

<blockquote>By him all that believe are <b>justified</b> from all things, from which ye could not be <b>justified</b> by the law of Moses.
<i>Acts xiii. 39.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To prove; to ratify; to confirm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To make even or true, as lines of type, by proper spacing; to adjust, as type. See <er>Justification</er>, 4.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To defend; maintain; vindicate; excuse; exculpate; absolve; exonerate.</syn>

<h1>Justify</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Jus"ti*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To form an even surface or true line with something else; to fit exactly.</def>

<-- esp. in printing, to align (text) at the left (left justify) or right (right justify) margins of a column or page, or at both margins -->

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To take oath to the ownership of property sufficient to qualify one's self as bail or surety.</def>

<h1>Justinian</h1>
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<hw>Jus*tin"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Institutes or laws of the Roman Justinian.</def>

<h1>Justle</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Jus"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>joust</ets>, <ets>just</ets>, <tt>v. i.</tt> See <er>Joust</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and cf. <er>Jostle</er>.]</ety> <def>To run or strike against each other; to encounter; to clash; to jostle.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The chariots shall rage in the streets; they shall <b>justle</b> one against another in the broad ways.
<i>Nahum ii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Justle</h1>
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<hw>Jus"tle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Justled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Justling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To push; to drive; to force by running against; to jostle.</def>

<blockquote>We <b>justled</b> one another out, and disputed the post for a great while.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Justle</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Jus"tle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An encounter or shock; a jostle.</def>

<h1>Justly</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Just"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Just</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>In a just manner; in conformity to law, justice, or propriety; by right; honestly; fairly; accurately.</def> "In equal balance <i>justly</i> weighed."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Nothing can <b>justly</b> be despised that can not <b>justly</b> be blamed: where there is no choice there can be no blame.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Justness</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Just"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being just; conformity to truth, propriety, accuracy, exactness, and the like; justice; reasonableness; fairness; equity; <as>as, <ex>justness</ex> of proportions; the <ex>justness</ex> of a description or representation; the <ex>justness</ex> of a cause.</as></def>

<blockquote>In value the satisfaction I had in seeing it represented with all the <b>justness</b> and gracefulness of action.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Justness</i> is properly applied to things, and <i>justice</i> to persons; but the distinction is not always observed.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Accuracy; exactness; correctness; propriety; fitness; reasonableness; equity; uprightness; justice.</syn>

<h1>Jut</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Jut</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Jutted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Jutting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>jet</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To shoot out or forward; to project beyond the main body; <as>as, the <ex>jutting</ex> part of a building</as>.</def> "In <i>jutting</i> rock and curved shore."

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<blockquote>It seems to <b>jut</b> out of the structure of the poem.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To butt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>jutting</i> steer."

<i>Mason.</i>

<h1>Jut</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Jut</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which projects or juts; a projection.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A shove; a push.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Jute</h1>
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<hw>Jute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>j<?/t</ets>, Skr. <ets>j<?/ta</ets> matted hair; cf. <ets>ja<?/a</ets> matted hair, fibrous roots.]</ety> <def>The coarse, strong fiber of the East Indian <i>Corchorus olitorius</i>, and <i>C</i>. <i>capsularis</i>; also, the plant itself. The fiber is much used for making mats, gunny cloth, cordage, hangings, paper, etc.</def>

<h1>Jutes</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Jutes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <sing>sing. <singw>Jute</singw></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Jutlanders; one of the Low German tribes, a portion of which settled in Kent, England, in the 5th century.</def>

<h1>Jutlander</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Jut"land*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Jutland in Denmark.</def>

<h1>Jutlandish</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Jut"land*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Jutland, or to the people of Jutland.</def>

<h1>Jutting</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Jut"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Projecting, as corbels, cornices, etc.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Jut"ting*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Jutty</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Jut"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Jetty</er>, <er>Jut</er>, <er>Jet</er>.]</ety> <def>A projection in a building; also, a pier or mole; a jetty.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Jutty</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Jut"ty</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To project beyond.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Juvenal</h1>
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<hw>Ju"ve*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>juvenalis</ets> youthful, juvenile, fr. <ets>juvenis</ets> young.]</ety> <def>A youth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Juvenescence</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Ju`ve*nes"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A growing young.</def>

<h1>Juvenescent</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Ju`ve*nes"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>juvenescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>juvenescere</ets> to grow young again, from <ets>juvenis</ets> young.]</ety> <def>Growing or becoming young.</def>

<h1>Juvenile</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Ju"ve*nile</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>juvenilis</ets>, from <ets>juvenis</ets> young; akin to E. <ets>young</ets>: cf. F. <ets>juv\'82nile</ets>, <ets>juv\'82nil</ets>. See <er>Young</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Young; youthful; <as>as, a <ex>juvenile</ex> appearance</as>.</def> "A <i>juvenile</i> exercitation."

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to youth; <as>as, <ex>juvenile</ex> sports</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Puerile; boyish; childish. See <er>Youthful</er>.</syn>

<h1>Juvenile</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Ju"ve*nile</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A young person or youth; -- used sportively or familiarly.</def>

<i>C. Bront\'82.</i>

<h1>Juvenileness</h1>
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<hw>Ju"ve*nile*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being juvenile; juvenility.</def>

<h1>Juvenility</h1>
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<hw>Ju`ve*nil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Juvenilities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>juvenilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>juv\'82nilit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Youthfulness; adolescence.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The manners or character of youth; immaturity.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Juvia</h1>
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<hw>Ju"vi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Brazilian name for the lofty myrtaceous tree (<spn>Bertholetia excelsa</spn>) which produces the large seeds known as Brazil nuts.</def>

<h1>Juwansa</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Ju*wan"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The camel's thorn. See under <er>Camel</er>.</def>

<h1>Juwise</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Ju*wise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>Same as <er>Juise</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Juxtapose</h1>
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<hw>Jux`ta*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Juxtaposit</er>, <er>Pose</er>.]</ety> <def>To place in juxtaposition.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Juxtaposit</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Jux`ta*pos"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Juxtaposited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Juxtapositing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>juxta</ets> near + <ets>positus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ponere</ets> to put.]</ety> <def>To place in close connection or contiguity; to juxtapose.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Juxtaposition</h1>
<Xpage=807>

<hw>Jux`ta*po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>juxta</ets> near + <ets>positio</ets> position: cf. F. <ets>juxtaposition</ets>. See <er>Just</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and <er>Position</er>.]</ety> <def>A placing or being placed in nearness or contiguity, or side by side; <as>as, a <ex>juxtaposition</ex> of words</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Parts that are united by a a mere <b>juxtaposition</b>.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Juxtaposition</b> is a very unsafe criterion of continuity.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Junold</h1>
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<hw>Jun"old</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Gimmal</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="808">
Page 808<p>

<centered><point26>K.</point26></centered>

<h1>K</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>K</hw><def>, (<?/), the eleventh letter of the English alphabet, is nonvocal consonant. The form and sound of the letter <hwf>K</hwf> are from the Latin, which used the letter but little except in the early period of the language. It came into the Latin from the Greek, which received it from a Ph\'d2nician source, the ultimate origin probably being Egyptian,. Etymologically <hwf>K</hwf> is most nearly related to <i>c</i>, <i>g</i>, <i>h</i> (which see).</def>

   <note>In many words of one syllable <i>k</i> is used after <i>c</i>, as in <i>crack</i>, <i>check</i>, <i>deck</i>, being necessary to exhibit a correct pronunciation in the derivatives, <i>cracked</i>, <i>checked</i>, <i>decked</i>, <i>cracking</i>; since without it, <i>c</i>, before the vowels <i>e</i> and <i>i</i>, would be sounded like <i>s</i>. Formerly, <i>k</i> was added to <i>c</i> in certain words of Latin origin, as in <i>musick</i>, <i>publick</i>, <i>republick</i>; but now it is omitted.</note>

<note>See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i> , &sect;&sect; 240, 178, 179, 185.</note>

<h1>Kaama</h1>
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<hw>Kaa"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hartbeest.</def>

<h1>Kabala</h1>
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<hw>Kab"a*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cabala</er>.</def>

<h1>Kabassou</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka*bas"sou</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cabassou</er>.</def>

<h1>Kabob</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka*bob"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Cabob</er>, <tt>n. & v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Kabook</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka*book"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(min.)</fld> <def>A clay ironstone found in Ceylon.</def>

<h1>Kabyle</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka*byle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>qab\'c6la</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A Berber, as in Algiers or Tunis. See <er>Berber</er>.</def>

<h1>Kadder</h1>
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<hw>Kad"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Caddow</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The jackdaw.</def>

<h1>Kadi, Kadiaster</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ka"di</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ka`di*as"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Turkish judge. See <er>Cadi</er>.</def>

<h1>Kafal</h1>
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<hw>Ka*fal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The Arabian name of two trees of the genus <spn>Balsamodendron</spn>, which yield a gum resin and a red aromatic wood.</def>

<h1>Kaffir, Kafir</h1>
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<hw><hw>Kaf"fir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ka"fir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>k<?/fir</ets> infidel, pagan, fr. <ets>kafara</ets> to be skeptical in religious matters; -- a name given to certain infidel races by the Mohammedans. Cf. <er>Giaour</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of a race which, with the Hottentots and Bushmen, inhabit South Africa. They inhabit the country north of Cape Colony, the name being now specifically applied to the tribes living between Cape Colony and Natal; but the Zulus of Natal are true Kaffirs.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of a race inhabiting Kafiristan in Central Asia.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>Caffre</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Kaffir corn</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a Cape Colony name for Indian millet.</cd></cs>

<h1>Kaffle</h1>
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<hw>Kaf"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Coffle</er>.</def>

<h1>Kafilah</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka"fi*lah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cafila</er>.</def>

<h1>Kaftan</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kaf"tan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Caftan</er>.</def>

<h1>Kage</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chantry chapel inclosed with lattice or screen work.</def>

<h1>Kagu</h1>
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<hw>Ka"gu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A singular, crested, grallatorial bird <fld>(Rhinochetos jubatus)</fld>, native of New Caledonia. It is gray above, paler beneath, and the feathers of the wings and tail are handsomely barred with brown, black, and gray. It is allied to the sun bittern.</def>

<h1>Kaguan</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka`gu*an"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The colugo.</def>

<h1>Kahani</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka"ha"ni</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of notary public, or attorney, in the Levant.</def>

<h1>Kahau</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka*hau"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name, from its cry.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A long-nosed monkey (<spn>Semnopithecus nasalis</spn>), native of Borneo. The general color of the body is bright chestnut, with the under parts, shoulders, and sides of the head, golden yellow, and the top of the head and upper part of the back brown. Called also <altname>proboscis monkey</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kaha</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kail</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of headless cabbage. Same as <er>Kale</er>, 1.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any cabbage, greens, or vegetables.</def> <mark>[OE. or Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A broth made with kail or other vegetables; hence, any broth; also, a dinner.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<cs><col>Kail yard</col>, <cd>a kitchen garden. <mark>[Scot.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Kaimacam</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kai`ma*cam"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Caimacam</er>.</def>

<h1>Kain</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>Poultry, etc., required by the lease to be paid in kind by a tenant to his landlord.</def>

<i>Wharton (Law Dict.).</i>

<h1>Kainit</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kai"nit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Trade name, fr. <ets>kainite</ets>.]</ety> <def>Salts of potassium used in the manufacture of fertilizers.</def>

<h1>Kainite</h1>
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<hw>Kai"nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ recent.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A compound salt consisting chiefly of potassium chloride and magnesium sulphate, occurring at the Stassfurt salt mines in Prussian Saxony.</def>

<h1>Kainozoic</h1>
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<hw>Kai`no*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Cenozoic</er>.</def>

<h1>Kaique</h1>
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<hw>Ka*ique"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Caique</er>.</def>

<h1>Kairine</h1>
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<hw>Kai"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A pale buff or white crystalline alkaloid derived from quinoline, and used as an antipyretic in medicine.</def>

<h1>Kairoline</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kai`ro*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An organic base obtained from quinoline. It is used as a febrifuge, and resembles kairine.</def>

<h1>Kaiser</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kai"ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr., fr. L. <ets>Caesar</ets>. Cf. <er>Kesar</er>, and <er>Czar</er>.]</ety> <def>The ancient title of emperors of Germany assumed by King William of Prussia when crowned sovereign of the new German empire in 1871.</def>

<h1>Kaka</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka"ka</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Maori <ets>kaka</ets> a parrot; -- so named from its note.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A New Zealand parrot of the genus <spn>Nestor</spn>, especially the <i>brown parrot</i> (<spn>Nestor meridionalis</spn>).</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>mountain kaka</i>, or <i>kea</i> (<spn>N. notabilis</spn>), is remarkable for having recently acquired carnivorous habits. It attacks and kills lambs and pigs, sometimes doing great damage.</note>

<cs><col>Night kaka</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>The kakapo.</cd></cs>

<h1>Kakapo</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka`ka*po"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A singular nocturnal parrot (<spn>Strigops habroptilus</spn>), native of New Zealand. It lives in holes during the day, but is active at night. It resembles an owl in its colors and general appearance. It has large wings, but can fly only a short distance. Called also <altname>owl parrot</altname>, <altname>night parrot</altname>, and <altname>night kaka</altname>.</def>

<h1>Kakaralli</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kak`a*ral"li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of wood common in Demerara, durable in salt water, because not subject to the depredations of the sea worm and barnacle.</def>

<h1>Kakistocracy</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kak`is*toc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ worst + <?/ to rule.]</ety> <def>Government by the worst men.</def>

<h1>Kakoxene</h1>
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<hw>Ka*kox"ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cacoxene</er>.</def>

<h1>Kalan</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka*lan"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sea otter.</def>

<h1>Kalasie</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka`la*sie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A long-tailed monkey of Borneo (<spn>Semnopithecus rubicundus</spn>). It has a tuft of long hair on the head.</def>

<h1>Kale</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>kale</ets>, <ets>kail</ets>, <ets>cale</ets>, colewort, Gael. <ets>cael</ets>; akin to Ir. <ets>cal</ets>, W. <ets>cawl</ets>, Armor. <ets>kaol</ets>. See <er>Cole</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A variety of cabbage in which the leaves do not form a head, being nearly the original or wild form of the species.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kail</asp>, and <asp>cale</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Kail</er>, 2.</def>

<cs><col>Sea kale</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a European cruciferous herb (<spn>Crambe maritima</spn>), often used as a pot herb; sea cabbage.</cd></cs>

<h1>Kaleege</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka*leege"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of large, crested, Asiatic pheasants, belonging to the genus <spn>Euplocamus</spn>, and allied to the firebacks.</def>

<h1>Kaleidophon, Kaleidophone</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw><hw>Ka*lei"do*phon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ka*lei"do*phone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <ety>[Gr. <?/ beautiful + <?/ appearance, form + <?/ sound.]</ety> <fld>(Physics.)</fld> <def>An instrument invented by Professor Wheatstone, consisting of a reflecting knob at the end of a vibrating rod or thin plate, for making visible, in the motion of a point of light reflected from the knob, the paths or curves corresponding with the musical notes produced by the vibrations.</def>

<h1>Kaleidoscope</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka*lei"do*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ beautiful + <?/ form + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument invented by Sir David Brewster, which contains loose fragments of colored glass, etc., and reflecting surfaces so arranged that changes of position exhibit its contents in an endless variety of beautiful colors and symmetrical forms. It has been much employed in arts of design.</def>

<blockquote>Shifting like the fragments of colored glass in the <b>kaleidoscope</b>.
<i>G. W. Cable.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kaleidoscopic, Kaleidoscopical</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw><hw>Ka*lei`do*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ka*lei`do*scop"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or formed by, a kaleidoscope; variegated.</def>

<h1>Kalendar</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kal"en*dar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Calendar</er>.</def>

<h1>Kalendarial</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kal`en*da"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Calendarial</er>.</def>

<h1>Kalender</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kal"en*der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 3d <er>Calender</er>.</def>

<h1>Kalends</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kal"ends</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Calends</er>.</def>

<h1>Kali</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka"li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>kali</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Hind. Cosmog.)</fld> <def>The last and worst of the four ages of the world; -- considered to have begun <sc>B. C.</sc> 3102, and to last 432,000 years.</def>

<h1>Kali</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka"li</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>k\'bel\'c6</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Hind. Myth.)</fld> <def>The black, destroying goddess; -- called also <altname>Doorga</altname>, <altname>Anna Purna</altname>.</def>

<h1>Kali</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka"li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>qali</ets>. See <er>Alkali</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The glasswort (<spn>Salsola Kali</spn>).</def>

<h1>Kalif</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka"lif</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Caliph</er>.</def>

<h1>Kaliform</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Kali</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formed like kali, or glasswort.</def>

<h1>Kaligenous</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka*lig"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Kali</ets> + <ets>-genous</ets>. See <er>Alkali</er>.]</ety> <def>Forming alkalies with oxygen, as some metals.</def>

<h1>Kalium</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Kali</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Potassium; -- so called by the German chemists.</def>

<h1>Kalki</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kal"ki</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr.]</ety> <def>The name of Vishnu in his tenth and last avatar.</def>

<i>Whitworth.</i>

<h1>Kalmia</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kal"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Named in honor of Peter <ets>Kalm</ets>, a Swedish botanist.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of North American shrubs with poisonous evergreen foliage and corymbs of showy flowers. Called also <altname>mountain laurel</altname>, <altname>ivy bush</altname>, <altname>lamb kill</altname>, <altname>calico bush</altname>, etc.</def>

<h1>Kalmuck</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kal"muck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Calmucks</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of shaggy cloth, resembling bearskin.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A coarse, dyed, cotton cloth, made in Prussia.</def>

<h1>Kalong</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka*long"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fruit bat, esp. the Indian edible fruit bat (<spn>Pteropus edulis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Kaloyer</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka*loy"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Caloyer</er>.</def>

<h1>Kalpa</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kal"pa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr.]</ety> <fld>(Hind. Myth.)</fld> <def>One of the Brahmanic eons, a period of 4,320,000,000 years. At the end of each Kalpa the world is annihilated.</def>

<h1>Kalsomine</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kal"so*mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Calcimine</er>.</def>

<h1>Kam</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From Celtic; cf. Gael., Ir., & W. <ets>cam</ets>. Cf. <er>Jamb</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Crooked; awry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "This is clean <i>kam</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Kama</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>k\'bema</ets> love, the god of love.]</ety> <def>The Hindoo Cupid. He is represented as a beautiful youth, with a bow of sugar cane or flowers.</def>

<h1>Kamala</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka*ma"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The red dusty hairs of the capsules of an East Indian tree (<spn>Mallotus Philippinensis</spn>) used for dyeing silk. It is violently emetic, and is used in the treatment of tapeworm.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kameela</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kame</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kame</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A low ridge. <mark>[Scot.]</mark> See <er>Eschar</er>.</def>

<h1>Kami</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka"mi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Japanese.]</ety> <def>A title given to the celestial gods of the first mythical dynasty of Japan and extended to the demigods of the second dynasty, and then to the long line of spiritual princes still represented by the mikado.</def>

<h1>Kamichi</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Ka"mi*chi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A curious South American bird (<spn>Anhima, &or; Palamedea, cornuta</spn>), often domesticated by the natives and kept with poultry, which it defends against birds of prey. It has a long, slender, hornlike ornament on its head, and two sharp spurs on each wing. Although its beak, feet, and legs resemble those of gallinaceous birds, it is related in anatomical characters to the ducks and geese (<spn>Anseres</spn>). Called also <altname>horned screamer</altname>. The name is sometimes applied also to the chaja. See <er>Chaja</er>, and <er>Screamer</er>.</def>

<h1>Kamptulicon</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kamp*tu"li*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to bend + <?/ material, fr. <?/ wood, matter.]</ety> <def>A kind of elastic floor cloth, made of India rubber, gutta-percha, linseed oil, and powdered cork.</def>

<h1>Kampylite</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kam"py*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bent, curved, fr. <?/ to bend.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of mimetite or arseniate of lead in hexagonal prisms of a fine orange yellow.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>campylite</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kamsin, Khamsin</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw><hw>Kam*sin"</hw>, <hw>Kham*sin"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>khams\'c6n</ets>, fr. <ets>khams\'d4n</ets>, oblique case <ets>khams\'c6n</ets>, fifty; -- so called because it blows for about fifty days, from April till June.]</ety> <def>A hot southwesterly wind in Egypt, coming from the Sahara.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Khamseen</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kamtschadales</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kam"tscha*dales</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>An aboriginal tribe inhabiting the southern part of Kamtschatka.</def>

<h1>Kan</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To know; to ken. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Ken</er>.</def>

<h1>Kan</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Khan</er>.</def>

<h1>Kanacka, Kanaka</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw><hw>Ka*nack"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ka*na"ka</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name, prop., a man.]</ety> <def>A native of the Sandwich Islands.</def>

<h1>Kanchil</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kan"chil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>canch\'c6l</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small chevrotain of the genus <spn>Tragulus</spn>, esp. <spn>T. pygm\'91us</spn>, or <spn>T. kanchil</spn>, inhabiting Java, Sumatra, and adjacent islands; a deerlet. It is noted for its agility and cunning.</def>

<h1>Kand</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kand</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Fluor spar; -- so called by Cornish miners.</def>

<h1>Kangaroo</h1>
<Xpage=808>

<hw>Kan"ga*roo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Said to be the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of jumping marsupials of the family <spn>Macropodid\'91</spn>. They inhabit Australia, New Guinea, and adjacent islands, They have long and strong hind legs and a large tail, while the fore legs are comparatively short and feeble. The giant kangaroo (<spn>Macropus major</spn>) is the largest species, sometimes becoming twelve or fourteen feet in total length. The tree kangaroos, belonging to the genus <spn>Dendrolagus</spn>, live in trees; the rock kangaroos, of the genus <spn>Petrogale</spn>, inhabit rocky situations; and the brush kangaroos, of the genus <spn>Halmaturus</spn>, inhabit wooded districts. See <er>Wallaby</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="809">
Page 809<p>

<cs><col>Kangaroo apple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the edible fruit of the Tasmanian plant <spn>Solanum aviculare</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Kangaroo grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a perennial Australian forage grass (<spn>Anthistiria australis</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Kangaroo hare</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the jerboa kangaroo. See under <er>Jerboa</er>.</cd> -- <col>Kangaroo mouse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Jumping mouse</cref>, under <er>Jumping</er>.</cd> -- <col>Kangaroo rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the potoroo.</cd></cs>

<h1>Kansas</h1>
<Xpage=809>

<hw>Kan"sas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians allied to the Winnebagoes and Osages. They formerly inhabited the region which is now the State of Kansas, but were removed to the Indian Territory.</def>

<h1>Kantian</h1>
<Xpage=809>

<hw>Kant"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Immanuel <i>Kant</i>, the German philosopher; conformed or relating to any or all of the philosophical doctrines of Immanuel Kant.</def>

<h1>Kantian</h1>
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<hw>Kant"i*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A follower of Kant; a Kantist.</def>

<h1>Kantianism, Kantism</h1>
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<hw><hw>Kant"i*an*ism</hw>, <hw>Kant"ism</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine or theory of Kant; the Kantian philosophy.</def>

<h1>Kantist</h1>
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<hw>Kant"ist</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A disciple or follower of Kant.</def>

<h1>Kanttry</h1>
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<hw>Kant"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Cantred</er>.</def>

<h1>Kaolin, Kaoline</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ka"o*lin</hw>, <hw>Ka"o*line</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Chin. <ets>kao-ling</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A very pure white clay, ordinarily in the form of an impalpable powder, and used to form the paste of porcelain; China clay; porcelain clay. It is chiefly derived from the decomposition of common feldspar.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is now applied to all porcelain clays which endure the fire without discoloration.</note>

<h1>Kaolinization</h1>
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<hw>Ka`o*lin`i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process by which feldspar is changed into kaolin.</def>

<h1>Kaolinize</h1>
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<hw>Ka"o*lin*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To convert into kaolin.</def>

<h1>Kapelle</h1>
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<hw>Ka*pel"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A chapel; hence, the choir or orchestra of a prince's chapel; now, a musical establishment, usually orchestral.</def>

<i>Grove.</i>

<h1>Kapellmeister</h1>
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<hw>Ka*pell"meis`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Capellmeister</er>.</def>

<h1>Kapia</h1>
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<hw>Ka"pi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The fossil resin of the kauri tree of New Zealand.</def>

<h1>Kapnomar</h1>
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<hw>Kap"no*mar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. Chem.</tt><def>) See <er>Capnomor</er>.</def>

<h1>Karagane</h1>
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<hw>Kar"a*gane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>karagan'</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of gray fox found in Russia.</def>

<h1>Karaism</h1>
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<hw>Ka"ra*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Doctrines of the Karaites.</def>

<h1>Karaite</h1>
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<hw>Ka"ra*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb.<ets>q\'ber\'be</ets> to read.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A sect of Jews who adhere closely to the letter of the Scriptures, rejecting the oral law, and allowing the Talmud no binding authority; -- opposed to the <contr>Rabbinists</contr>.</def>

<h1>Karatas</h1>
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<hw>Ka*ra"tas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A West Indian plant of the Pineapple family (<spn>Nidularium Karatas</spn>).</def>

<h1>Karma</h1>
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<hw>Kar"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr.]</ety> <fld>(Buddhism)</fld> <def>One's acts considered as fixing one's lot in the future existence. <fld>(Theos.)</fld> The doctrine of fate as the inflexible result of cause and effect; the theory of inevitable consequence.</def>

<h1>Karmathian</h1>
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<hw>Kar*ma"thi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a Mohammedan sect founded in the ninth century by Karmat.</def>

<h1>Karn</h1>
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<hw>Karn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cornish. Cf. <er>Cairn</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A pile of rocks; sometimes, the solid rock. See <er>Cairn</er>.</def>

<h1>Karob</h1>
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<hw>Ka"rob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Carat</er>.]</ety> <def>The twenty-fourth part of a grain; -- a weight used by goldsmiths.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Karpholite</h1>
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<hw>Kar"pho*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ rice straw + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>carpholithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A fibrous mineral occurring in tufts of a straw-yellow color. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and manganese.</def>

<h1>Karreo</h1>
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<hw>Kar*reo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Karroos</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One of the dry table-lands of South Africa, which often rise terracelike to considerable elevations.</def> <altsp>[Also <asp>karoo</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><mcol><col>The Great Karroo</col>, &or; <col>The Karroo</col></mcol>, <cd>a vast plateau, in Cape Colony, stretching through five degrees of longitude, at an elevation of about 3,000 feet.</cd></cs>

<h1>Karstenite</h1>
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<hw>Kar"sten*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Anhydrite</er>.</def>

<h1>Karvel</h1>
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<hw>Kar"vel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Carvel</er>, and <er>Caravel</er>.</def>

<h1>Karyokinesis</h1>
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<hw>Kar"y*o*ki*ne`sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a nut, kernel + <?/ to move.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The indirect division of cells in which, prior to division of the cell protoplasm, complicated changes take place in the nucleus, attended with movement of the nuclear fibrils; -- opposed to <i>karyostenosis</i>. The nucleus becomes enlarged and convoluted, and finally the threads are separated into two groups which ultimately become disconnected and constitute the <i>daughter nuclei</i>. Called also <altname>mitosis</altname>. See <cref>Cell development</cref>, under <er>Cell</er>.</def>

<h1>Karyokinetic</h1>
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<hw>Kar`y*o*ki*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to karyokinesis; <as>as, <ex>karyokinetic</ex> changes of cell division</as>.</def>

<h1>Karyomiton</h1>
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<hw>Kar`y*om"i*ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., Gr. (<?/) a nut + (<?/) a thread.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The reticular network of fine fibers, of which the <i>nucleus</i> of a cell is in part composed; -- in opposition to <i>kytomiton</i>, or the network in the <i>body</i> of the cell.</def>

<i>W. Flemming.</i>

<h1>Karyoplasma</h1>
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<hw>Kar`y*o*plas"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a num + <?/ a thing molded.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The protoplasmic substance of the nucleus of a cell: nucleoplasm; -- in opposition to <i>kytoplasma</i>, the protoplasm of the cell.</def>

<h1>Karyostenosis</h1>
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<hw>Kar`y*o*ste*no"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a nut, kernel + <?/ a being straitened.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Direct cell division (in which there is first a simple division of the nucleus, without any changes in its structure, followed by division of the protoplasm of the <i>karyostenotic</i> mode of nuclear division.</def>

<h1>Kasack</h1>
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<hw>Ka*sack"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Cossack</er>.</def>

<h1>Kat</h1>
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<hw>Kat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An Arabian shrub <i>Catha edulis</i>) the leaves of which are used as tea by the Arabs.</def>

<h1>Katabolic</h1>
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<hw>Kat`a*bol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to katabolism; <as>as, <ex>katabolic</ex> processes, which give rise to substances (katastates) of decreasing complexity and increasing stability</as>.</def>

<h1>Katabolism</h1>
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<hw>Ka*tab"o*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ down + <?/ to throw.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Destructive or downward metabolism; regressive metamorphism; -- opposed to <i>anabolism</i>. See <er>Disassimilation</er>.</def>

<h1>Katastate</h1>
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<hw>Kat"a*state</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. (<?/) down + (<?/) to cause to stand.]</ety> <def>(Physiol.) A substance formed by a katabolic process; -- opposed to <i>anastate</i>. See <er>Katabolic</er>.</def>

<h1>Kate</h1>
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<hw>Kate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The brambling finch.</def>

<h1>Kathetal</h1>
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<hw>Kath"e*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a perpendicular line. See <er>Cathetus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Making a right angle; perpendicular, as two lines or two sides of a triangle, which include a right angle.</def>

<h1>Kathetometer</h1>
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<hw>Kath`e*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Cathetometer</er>.</def>

<h1>Kattinumdoo</h1>
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<hw>Kat`ti*num"doo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A caoutchouc like substance obtained from the milky juice of the East Indian <i>Euphorbia Kattimundoo</i>. It is used as a cement.</def>

<h1>Katydid</h1>
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<hw>Ka"ty*did`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, green, arboreal, orthopterous insect (<spn>Cyrtophyllus concavus</spn>) of the family <spn>Locustid\'91</spn>, common in the United States. The males have stridulating organs at the bases of the front wings. During the summer and autumn, in the evening, the males make a peculiar, loud, shrill sound, resembling the combination <i>Katy-did</i>, whence the name.</def>

<h1>Kauri</h1>
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<hw>Ka"u*ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A lofty coniferous tree of New Zealand <spn>Agathis, &or; Dammara, australis</spn>), furnishing valuable timber and yielding one kind of dammar resin.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kaudi</asp>, <asp>cowdie</asp>, and <asp>cowrie</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kava</h1>
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<hw>Ka"va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Polynesian.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of <spn>Macropiper</spn> (<spn>M. methysticum</spn>), the long pepper, from the root of which an intoxicating beverage is made by the Polynesians, by a process of mastication; also, the beverage itself.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kawa</asp>, <asp>kava</asp>, and <asp>ava</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kavass</h1>
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<hw>Ka*vass"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl</plu>. <plw>Kavasses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[Turk. k\'be<ets>vv</ets>\'be<ets>s</ets>]</ety> <def>An armed constable; also, a government servant or courier.</def> <mark>[Turkey]</mark>

<h1>Kaw</h1>
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<hw>Kaw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Caw</er>.</def>

<h1>Kawaka</h1>
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<hw>Ka*wa"ka</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>a New Zealand tree, the Cypress cedar (<spn>Libocedrus Doniana</spn>), having a valuable, fine-grained, reddish wood.</def>

<h1>Kawn</h1>
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<hw>Kawn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A inn. <mark>[Turkey]</mark> See <er>Khan</er>.</def>

<h1>Kayak</h1>
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<hw>Kay"ak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A light canoe, made of skins stretched over a frame, and usually capable of carrying but one person, who sits amidships and uses a double-bladed paddle. It is peculiar to the Eskimos and other Arctic tribes.</def>

<h1>Kayaker</h1>
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<hw>Kay"ak*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who uses a kayak.</def>

<h1>Kayko</h1>
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<hw>Kay"ko</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dog salmon.</def>

<h1>Kayles</h1>
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<hw>Kayles</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Akin to Dan. <ets>kegle</ets>, Sw. <ets>kegla</ets>, D. & G. <ets>kegel</ets>, OHG. <ets>kegil</ets>, whence F. <ets>quille</ets>.]</ety> <def>A game; ninepins.</def> <mark>[Prov Eng.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Kaynard</h1>
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<hw>Kay"nard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cagnard</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lazy or cowardly person; a rascal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Keck</h1>
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<hw>Keck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kecked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kecking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. dial. G. <ets>k\'94cken</ets>, <ets>k\'94ken</ets>.]</ety> <def>To heave or to retch, as in an effort to vomit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Keck</h1>
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<hw>Keck</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An effort to vomit; queasiness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Keckle</h1>
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<hw>Kec"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Keck</er>, <tt>v. i. & n.</tt></def>

<h1>Keckle</h1>
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<hw>Kec"kle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Keckled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Keckling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To wind old rope around, as a cable, to preserve its surface from being fretted, or to wind iron chains around, to defend from the friction of a rocky bottom, or from the ice.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Keckling</h1>
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<hw>Kec"kling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Old rope or iron chains wound around a cable. See <er>Keckle</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Kecklish</h1>
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<hw>Kec"klish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>keck</ets>, <ets>keckle</ets>.]</ety> <def>Inclined to vomit; squeamish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Kecksy</h1>
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<hw>Keck"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Kecksies</plw> <tt>(-s&icr;z)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Properly pl. of <ets>kex</ets>. See <er>Kex</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The hollow stalk of an umbelliferous plant, such as the cow parsnip or the hemlock.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kex</asp>, and in <asp>pl</asp>., <asp>kecks</asp>, <asp>kaxes</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Nothing teems
But hateful docks, rough thistles, <b>kecksies</b>, burs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kecky</h1>
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<hw>Keck"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a kecksy.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Kedge</h1>
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<hw>Kedge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kedged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kedging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. dial. Sw. <ets>keka</ets> to tug, to drag one's self slowly forward; or perh. fr. <ets>ked</ets>, and <ets>kedge</ets>, <tt>n.</tt>, for <ets>ked anchor</ets>, named from the <ets>ked</ets> or cask fastened to the anchor to show where it lies.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To move (a vessel) by carrying out a kedge in a boat, dropping it overboard, and hauling the vessel up to it.</def>

<h1>Kedge</h1>
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<hw>Kedge</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Kedge</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small anchor used whenever a large one can be dispensed witch. See <er>Kedge</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and <er>Anchor</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Keger</h1>
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<hw>Keg"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small anchor; a kedge.</def>

<h1>Kedlook</h1>
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<hw>Ked"look</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. dial. G.<ets>k\'94ddik</ets>, <ets>k\'81dik</ets>, <ets>kettich</ets>, <ets>keek</ets>, Dan. <ets>kidike</ets>, E. <ets>charlock</ets>, and AS. <ets>cedelc</ets> the herb mercury.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Charlock</er>.</def>

<h1>Kee</h1>
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<hw>Kee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> of Cow. <ety>[AS. <ets>c<?/</ets>, pl. of <ets>c<?/</ets> cow. See <er>Kine</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Kie</er>, <er>Ky</er>, and <er>Kine</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Keech</h1>
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<hw>Keech</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E. <ets>keech</ets> a cake.]</ety> <def>A mass or lump of fat rolled up by the butcher.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Keel</h1>
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<hw>Keel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>c<?/lan</ets> to cool, fr. <ets>c<?/l</ets> cool. See <er>Cool</er>.]</ety> <def>To cool; to akin or stir</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>While greasy Joan doth <b>keel</b> the pot.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Keel</h1>
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<hw>Keel</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A brewer's cooling vat; a keelfat.</def>

<h1>Keel</h1>
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<hw>Keel</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>ce\'a2l</ets> ship; akin to D. & G. <ets>kiel</ets> keel, OHG. <ets>chiol</ets> ship, Icel. <ets>kj<?/ll</ets>, and perh. to Gr. <?/ a round-built Ph<?/nician merchant vessel, <?/ bucket; cf. Skr. <ets>g</ets><?/<ets>la</ets> ball, round water vessel. But the meaning of the English word seems to come from Icel. <ets>kj\'94lr</ets> keel, akin to Sw. <ets>k\'94l</ets>, Dan. <ets>kj\'94l</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A longitudinal timber, or series of timbers scarfed together, extending from stem to stern along the bottom of a vessel. It is the principal timber of the vessel, and, by means of the ribs attached on each side, supports the vessel's frame. In an iron vessel, a combination of plates supplies the place of the keel of a wooden ship. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Keelson</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: The whole ship.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A barge or lighter, used on the Type for carrying coal from Newcastle; also, a barge load of coal, twentyone tons, four cwt.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The two lowest petals of the corolla of a papilionaceous flower, united and inclosing the stamens and pistil; a carina. See <er>Carina</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>A projecting ridge along the middle of a flat or curved surface.</def>

<cs><col>Bilge keel</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a keel peculiar to ironclad vessels, extending only a portion of the length of the vessel under the bilges. <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc</i>.</cd> -- <col>False keel</col>. <cd>See under <er>False</er>.</cd> -- <col>Keel boat</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A covered freight boat, with a keel, but no sails, used on Western rivers</cd>. <mark>[U. S.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A low, flat-bottomed freight boat. See <er>Keel</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Keel piece</col>, <cd>one of the timbers or sections of which a keel is composed. <col>On even keel</col>, in a level or horizontal position, so that the draught of water at the stern and the bow is the same. <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i></cd></cs>

<h1>Keel</h1>
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<hw>Keel</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Keeled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Keeling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To traverse with a keel; to navigate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To turn up the keel; to show the bottom.</def>

<cs><col>To keel over</col>, <cd>to upset; to capsize. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Keelage</h1>
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<hw>Keel"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>guillage</ets>, fr. <ets>guille</ets> keel; of German or Scand origin. See 3d <er>Keel</er>.]</ety> <def>The right of demanding a duty or toll for a ship entering a port; also, the duty or toll.</def>

<i>Bouvier. Wharton.</i>

<h1>Keeled</h1>
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<hw>Keeled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Keel-shaped; having a longitudinal prominence on the back; <as>as, a <ex>keeled</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a median ridge; carinate; <as>as, a <ex>keeled</ex> scale</as>.</def>

<h1>Keeler</h1>
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<hw>Keel"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 3d <er>Keel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One employed in managing a Newcastle keel; -- called also <altname>keelman</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small or shallow tub; esp., one used for holding materials for calking ships, or one used for washing dishes, etc.</def>

<h1>Keelfat</h1>
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<hw>Keel"fat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Keel</ets> to cool + <ets>fat</ets> a large tub, a vat.]</ety> <fld>(Brewing)</fld> <def>A cooler; a vat for cooling wort, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>keelvat</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Keelhaul</h1>
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<hw>Keel"haul`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Keelhauled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Keelhauling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>3d keel</ets> + <ets>haul</ets>: cf. LG. & D. <ets>kielhalen</ets>, G. <ets>kielholen</ets>. ]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>keelhale</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To haul under the keel of a ship, by ropes attached to the yardarms on each side. It was formerly practiced as a punishment in the Dutch and English navies.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Keeling</h1>
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<hw>Kee"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>keila</ets>, Sw. <ets>kolja</ets>, Dan. <ets>kulle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cod.</def>

<h1>Keelivine</h1>
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<hw>Kee"li*vine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gael. <ets>cil</ets> ruddle.]</ety> <def>A pencil of black or red lead; -- called also <altname>keelyvine pen</altname>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Keelman</h1>
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<hw>Keel"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. -<plw>men</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>See <er>Keeler</er>, <p><b>1.</b></def>

<h1>Keelrake</h1>
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<hw>Keel"rake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Keelhaul</er>.</def>

<h1>Keels</h1>
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<hw>Keels</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Ninepins. See <er>Kayles</er>.</def>

<h1>Keelson</h1>
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<hw>Keel"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to Sw. <ets>k\'94lsvin</ets>, Dan. <ets>kj\'94lsviin</ets>, G. <ets>kielschwein</ets>; apparently compounded of the words <ets>keel</ets> and <ets>swine</ets>; but cf. Norweg. <ets>kj\'94lsvill</ets>, where <ets>svill</ets> is akin to E. <ets>sill</ets>, <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A piece of timber in a ship laid on the middle of the floor timbers over the keel, and binding the floor timbers to the keel; in iron vessels, a structure of plates, situated like the keelson of a timber ship.</def>

<cs><col>Cross keelson</col>, <cd>a similar structure lying athwart the main keelson, to support the engines and boilers.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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Page 810<p>

<h1>Keelvat</h1>
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<hw>Keel"vat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Keelfat</er>.</def>

<h1>Keen</h1>
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<hw>Keen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Keener</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Keenest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>kene</ets> sharp, bold, AS.<ets>c<?/ne</ets> bold; akin to D. <ets>koen</ets>, OHG. <ets>kuoni</ets>, G. <ets>k\'81hn</ets>, OSw. <ets>kyn</ets>, <ets>k\'94n</ets>, Icel. <ets>k\'91nn</ets>, for <ets>koenn</ets> wise; perh. akin to E. <ets>ken</ets>, <ets>can</ets> to be able. <?/45. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sharp; having a fine edge or point; <as>as, a <ex>keen</ex> razor, or a razor with a <ex>keen</ex> edge</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A bow he bare and arwes [arrows] bright and <b>kene</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That my <b>keen</b> knife see not the wound it makes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Acute of mind; sharp; penetrating; having or expressing mental acuteness; <as>as, a man of <ex>keen</ex> understanding; a <ex>keen</ex> look; <ex>keen</ex> features.</as></def>

<blockquote>To make our wits more <b>keen</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Before the <b>keen</b> inquiry of her thought.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Bitter; piercing; acrimonious; cutting; stinging; severe; <as>as, <ex>keen</ex> satire or sarcasm</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Good father cardinal, cry thou amen
To my <b>keen</b> curses.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Piercing; penetrating; cutting; sharp; -- applied to cold, wind, etc, ; <as>as, a <ex>keen</ex> wind; the cold is very <ex>keen</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Breasts the <b>keen</b> air, and carols as he goes.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Eager; vehement; fierce; <as>as, a <ex>keen</ex> appetite</as>.</def> "Of full <i>kene</i> will."

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<blockquote>So <b>keen</b> and greedy to confound a man.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Keen</i> is often used in the composition of words, most of which are of obvious signification; as, <i>keen</i>-edged, <i>keen</i>-eyed, <i>keen</i>-sighted, <i>keen</i>-witted, etc.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Prompt; eager; ardent; sharp; acute; cutting; penetrating; biting; severe; sarcastic; satirical; piercing; shrewd.</syn>

<h1>Keen</h1>
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<hw>Keen</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sharpen; to make cold.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Cold winter <b>keens</b> the brightening flood.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Keen</h1>
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<hw>Keen</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. <ets>caoine</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prolonged wail for a deceased person. Cf. <er>Coranach</er>.</def> <mark>[Ireland]</mark>

<i>Froude.</i>

<h1>Keen</h1>
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<hw>Keen</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To wail as a keener does.</def> <mark>[Ireland]</mark>

<h1>Keener</h1>
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<hw>Keen"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A professional mourner who wails at a funeral.</def> <mark>[Ireland]</mark>

<h1>Keenly</h1>
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<hw>Keen"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a keen manner.</def>

<h1>Keenness</h1>
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<hw>Keen"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being keen.</def>

<h1>Keep</h1>
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<hw>Keep</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kept</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Keeping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>k<?/pen</ets>, AS.<ets>c<?/pan</ets> to keep, regard, desire, await, take, betake; cf. AS. <ets>copenere</ets> lover, OE. <ets>copnien</ets> to desire.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To care; to desire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I <b>kepe</b> not of armes for to yelp [boast].
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hold; to restrain from departure or removal; not to let go of; to retain in one's power or possession; not to lose; to retain; to detain.</def>

<blockquote>If we lose the field,
We can not <b>keep</b> the town.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That I may know what <b>keeps</b> me here with you.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If we would weigh and <b>keep</b> in our minds what we are considering, that would instruct us.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to remain in a given situation or condition; to maintain unchanged; to hold or preserve in any state or tenor.</def>

<blockquote>His loyalty he <b>kept</b>, his love, his zeal.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Keep</b> a stiff rein, and move but gently on.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In this sense it is often used with prepositions and adverbs, as to <i>keep away</i>, to <i>keep down</i>, to <i>keep from</i>, to <i>keep in</i>, <i>out</i>, or <i>off</i>, etc. "To <i>keep off</i> impertinence and solicitation from his superior."</note>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To have in custody; to have in some place for preservation; to take charge of.</def>

<blockquote>The crown of Stephanus, first king of Hungary, was always <b>kept</b> in the castle of Vicegrade.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To preserve from danger, harm, or loss; to guard.</def>

<blockquote>Behold, I am with thee, and will <b>keep</b> thee.
<i>Gen. xxviii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To preserve from discovery or publicity; not to communicate, reveal, or betray, as a secret.</def>

<blockquote>Great are thy virtues . . . though <b>kept</b> from man.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To attend upon; to have the care of; to tend.</def>

<blockquote>And the Lord God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden, to dress it and to <b>keep</b> it.
<i>Gen. ii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In her girlish age, she <b>kept</b> sheep on the moor.
<i>Carew.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To record transactions, accounts, or events in; <as>as, to <ex>keep</ex> books, a journal, etc.</as>  ; also, to enter (as accounts, records, etc. ) in a book.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To maintain, as an establishment, institution, or the like; to conduct; to manage; <as>as, to <ex>keep</ex> store</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Like a pedant that <b>keeps</b> a school.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Every one of them <b>kept</b> house by himself.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To supply with necessaries of life; to entertain; <as>as, to <ex>keep</ex> boarders</as>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>To have in one's service; to have and maintain, as an assistant, a servant, a mistress, a horse, etc.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>keep</b> but three men and a boy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>To have habitually in stock for sale.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>To continue in, as a course or mode of action; not to intermit or fall from; to hold to; to maintain; <as>as, to <ex>keep</ex> silence; to <ex>keep</ex> one's word; to <ex>keep</ex> possession.</as></def>

<blockquote>Both day and night did we <b>keep</b> company.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Within this portal as I <b>kept</b> my watch.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>14.</b> <def>To observe; to adhere to; to fulfill; not to swerve from or violate; to practice or perform, as duty; not to neglect; to be faithful to.</def>

<blockquote>I have <b>kept</b> the faith.
<i>2 Tim. iv. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Him whom to love is to obey, and <b>keep</b>
His great command.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>15.</b> <def>To confine one's self to; not to quit; to remain in; <as>as, to <ex>keep</ex> one's house, room, bed, etc.</as>  ; hence, to haunt; to frequent.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>'Tis hallowed ground;
Fairies, and fawns, and satyrs do it <b>keep</b>.
<i>J. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>16.</b> <def>To observe duty, as a festival, etc. ; to celebrate; to solemnize; <as>as, to <ex>keep</ex> a feast</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I went with them to the house of God . . . with a multitude that <b>kept</b> holyday.
<i>Ps. xlii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To keep at arm's length</col>. <cd>See under <er>Arm</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>To keep back</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To reserve; to withhold</cd>. "I will <i>keep<i> nothing <i>back<i> from you." <i>Jer. xlii. 4.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To restrain; to hold back.</cd> "<i>Keep back<i> thy servant also from presumptuous sins."  <i>Ps. xix. 13</i>. -- <col>To keep company with</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To frequent the society of; to associate with; as, let youth <i>keep company with</i> the wise and good.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To accompany; to go with; as, to <i>keep company with</i> one on a voyage; also, to pay court to, or accept attentions from, with a view to marriage</cd>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To keep counsel</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Counsel</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>To keep down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To hold in subjection; to restrain; to hinder</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <cd>To subdue in tint or tone, as a portion of a picture, so that the spectator's attention may not be diverted from the more important parts of the work.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To keep good</col>  (&or; <col>bad</col>) <col>hours</col>, <cd>to be customarily early (or late) in returning home or in retiring to rest.</cd> -- <col>To keep house</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To occupy a separate house or establishment, as with one's family, as distinguished from <i>boarding<i>; to manage domestic affairs</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Eng. Bankrupt Law)</fld> <cd>To seclude one's self in one's house in order to evade the demands of creditors.</cd> -- <col>To keep one's hand in</col>, <cd>to keep in practice.</cd> -- <col>To keep open house</col>, <cd>to be hospitable.</cd> -- <col>To keep the peace</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to avoid or to prevent a breach of the peace.</cd> -- <col>To keep school</col>, <cd>to govern, manage and instruct or teach a school, as a preceptor.</cd> -- <col>To keep a stiff upper lip</col>, <cd>to keep up one's courage.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>To keep term</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Eng. Universities)</fld> <cd>To reside during a term</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Inns of Court)</fld> <cd>To eat a sufficient number of dinners in hall to make the term count for the purpose of being called to the bar</cd>. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <i>Mozley & W.</i></cd> -- <col>To keep touch</col>. <cd>See under <er>Touch</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>To keep under</col>, <cd>to hold in subjection; hence, to oppress.</cd> -- <col>To keep up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To maintain; to prevent from falling or diminution; <as>as, to <ex>keep up<ex> the price of goods; to <ex>keep up<ex> one's credit</as></cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To maintain; to continue; to prevent from ceasing</cd>. "In joy, that which <i>keeps up<i> the action is the desire to continue it."</cs>

<i>Locke.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To retain; detain; reserve; preserve; hold; restrain; maintain; sustain; support; withhold.</syn> -- To <er>Keep</er>. <usage> <er>Retain</er>, <er>Preserve</er>. <i>Keep</i> is the generic term, and is often used where <i>retain</i> or <i>preserve</i> would too much restrict the meaning; as, to <i>keep</i> silence, etc. <i>Retain</i> denotes that we <i>keep</i> or <i>hold</i> things, as against influences which might deprive us of them, or reasons which might lead us to give them up; as, to <i>retain</i> vivacity in old age; to <i>retain</i> counsel in a lawsuit; to <i>retain</i> one's servant after a reverse of fortune. <i>Preserve</i> denotes that we keep a thing against agencies which might lead to its being destroyed or broken in upon; as, to <i>preserve</i> one's health; to <i>preserve</i> appearances.</usage>

<h1>Keep</h1>
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<hw>Keep</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To remain in any position or state; to continue; to abide; to stay; <as>as, to <ex>keep</ex> at a distance; to <ex>keep</ex> aloft; to <ex>keep</ex> near; to <ex>keep</ex> in the house; to <ex>keep</ex> before or behind; to <ex>keep</ex> in favor; to <ex>keep</ex> out of company, or out reach.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To last; to endure; to remain unimpaired.</def>

<blockquote>If the malt be not thoroughly dried, the ale it makes will not <b>keep</b>.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To reside for a time; to lodge; to dwell.</def> <mark>[Now disused except locally or colloquially.]</mark>

<blockquote>Knock at his study, where, they say, he <b>keeps</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To take care; to be solicitous; to watch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Keep</b> that the lusts choke not the word of God that is in us.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To be in session; <as>as, school <ex>keeps</ex> to-day</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>To keep from</col>, <cd>to abstain or refrain from.</cd> -- <col>To keep in with</col>, <cd>to keep on good terms with; <as>as, <ex>to keep in with<ex> an opponent</as>.</cd> -- <col>To keep on</col>, <cd>to go forward; to proceed; to continue to advance.</cd> -- <col>To keep to</col>, <cd>to adhere strictly to; not to neglect or deviate from; <as>as, <ex>to keep to<ex> old customs; <ex>to keep to<ex> a rule; <ex>to keep to<ex> one's word or promise</as>.</cd> -- <col>To keep up</col>, <cd>to remain unsubdued; also, not to be confined to one's bed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Keep</h1>
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<hw>Keep</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or office of keeping; custody; guard; care; heed; charge.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Pan, thou god of shepherds all,
Which of our tender lambkins takest <b>keep</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being kept; hence, the resulting condition; case; <as>as, to be in good <ex>keep</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The means or provisions by which one is kept; maintenance; support; <as>as, the <ex>keep</ex> of a horse</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Grass equal to the <b>keep</b> of seven cows.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I performed some services to the college in return for my <b>keep</b>.
<i>T. Hughes.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which keeps or protects; a stronghold; a fortress; a castle; specifically, the strongest and securest part of a castle, often used as a place of residence by the lord of the castle, especially during a siege; the donjon. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Castle</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The prison strong,
Within whose <b>keep</b> the captive knights were laid.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The lower chambers of those gloomy <b>keeps</b>.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I think . . . the <b>keep</b>, or principal part of a castle, was so called because the lord and his domestic circle <b>kept</b>, abode, or lived there.
<i>M. A. Lower.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which is kept in charge; a charge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Often he used of his <b>keep</b>
A sacrifice to bring.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A cap for retaining anything, as a journal box, in place.</def>

<cs><col>To take keep</col>, <cd>to take care; to heed.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Chaucer.</i></cs>

<h1>Keeper</h1>
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<hw>Keep"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, keeps; one who, or that which, holds or has possession of anything.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who retains in custody; one who has the care of a prison and the charge of prisoners.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who has the care, custody, or superintendence of anything; <as>as, the <ex>keeper</ex> of a park, a pound, of sheep, of a gate, etc.</as>  ; the <i>keeper</i> of attached property; hence, one who saves from harm; a defender; a preserver.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord is thy <b>keeper</b>.
<i>Ps. cxxi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who remains or keeps in a place or position.</def>

<blockquote>Discreet; chaste; <b>keepers</b> at home.
<i>Titus ii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A ring, strap, clamp, or any device for holding an object in place; as: <sd>(a)</sd> The box on a door jamb into which the bolt of a lock protrudes, when shot. <sd>(b)</sd> A ring serving to keep another ring on the finger. <sd>(c)</sd> A loop near the buckle of a strap to receive the end of the strap.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A fruit that keeps well; <as>as, the Roxbury Russet is a good <ex>keeper</ex></as>.</def>

<i> Downing.</i>

<cs><col>Keeper of the forest</col> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>an officer who had the principal government of all things relating to the forest.</cd> -- <col>Keeper of the great seal</col>, <cd>a high officer of state, who has custody of the great seal. The office is now united with that of lord chancellor.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Keeper of the King's conscience</col>, <cd>the lord chancellor; -- a name given when the chancellor was an ecclesiastic.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Keeper of the privy seal</col> (styled also <i>lord privy seal</i>), <cd>a high officer of state, through whose hands pass all charters, pardons, etc., before they come to the great seal. He is a privy councillor, and was formerly called <altname>clerk of the privy seal</altname>.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Keeper of a magnet</col>, <cd>a piece of iron which connects the two poles, for the purpose of keeping the magnetic power undiminished; an armature.</cd></cs>

<h1>Keepership</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Keep"er*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or position of a keeper.</def>

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Keeping</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Keep"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A holding; restraint; custody; guard; charge; care; preservation.</def>

<blockquote>His happiness is in his own <b>keeping</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Maintenance; support; provision; feed; <as>as, the cattle have good <ex>keeping</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The work of many hands, which earns my <b>keeping</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Conformity; congruity; harmony; consistency; <as>as, these subjects are in <ex>keeping</ex> with each other</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Harmony or correspondence between the different parts of a work of art; <as>as, the foreground of this painting is not in <ex>keeping</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Keeping room</col>, <cd>a family sitting room. <mark>[New Eng. & Prov. Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Care; guardianship; custody; possession.</syn>

<h1>Keepsake</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Keep"sake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything kept, or given to be kept, for the sake of the giver; a token of friendship.</def>

<h1>Keesh</h1>
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<hw>Keesh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Kish</er>.</def>

<h1>Keeve</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Keeve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>c<?/f</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cupa</ets> a tub, cask; also, F. <ets>cuve</ets>. Cf. <er>Kive</er>, <er>Coop</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Brewing)</fld> <def>A vat or tub in which the mash is made; a mash tub.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bleaching)</fld> <def>A bleaching vat; a kier.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A large vat used in dressing ores.</def>

<h1>Keeve</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Keeve</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Keeved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Keeving</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set in a keeve, or tub, for fermentation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To heave; to tilt, as a cart.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Keever</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Keev"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Keeve</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Keffe-kil</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kef"fe-kil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Kiefekil</er>.</def>

<h1>Keg</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Keg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Earlier <ets>cag</ets>, Icel. <ets>kaggi</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>kagge</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small cask or barrel.</def>

<h1>Keilhau-ite</h1>
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<hw>Keil"hau-ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a brownish black color, related to titanite in form. It consists chiefly of silica, titanium dioxide, lime, and yttria.</def>

<h1>Keir</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Keir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Kier</er>.</def>

<h1>Keitloa</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Keit*lo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A black, two-horned, African rhinoceros (<spn>Atelodus keitloa</spn>). It has the posterior horn about as long as the anterior one, or even longer.</def>

<h1>Keld</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Keld</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cavl</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a kell or covering; webbed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Kele</h1>
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<hw>Kele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Keel</er> to cool.]</ety> <def>To cool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Kell</h1>
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<hw>Kell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kiln.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Kell</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kell</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A modification of <ets>kale</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sort of pottage; kale. See <er>Kale</er>, 2.</def>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Kell</h1>
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<hw>Kell</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Caul</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The caul; that which covers or envelops as a caul; a net; a fold; a film.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I'll have him cut to the <b>kell</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The cocoon or chrysalis of an insect.</def>

<i> B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Keloid</h1>
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<hw>Ke"loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/  tumor + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Applied to a variety of tumor forming hard, flat, irregular excrescences upon the skin.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A keloid tumor.</def></def2>

<h1>Kelotomy</h1>
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<hw>Ke*lot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Celotomy</er>.</def>

<h1>Kelp</h1>
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<hw>Kelp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formerly <ets>kilpe</ets>; of unknown origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The calcined ashes of seaweed, -- formerly much used in the manufacture of glass, now used in the manufacture of iodine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any large blackish seaweed.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Laminaria</i> is the common kelp of Great Britain; <i>Macrocystis pyrifera</i> and <i>Nereocystis Lutkeana</i> are the great kelps of the Pacific Ocean.</note>

<cs><col>Kelp crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a California spider crab (<spn>Epialtus productus</spn>), found among seaweeds, which it resembles in color.</cd> -- <col>Kelp salmon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a serranoid food fish (<spn>Serranus clathratus</spn>) of California. See <er>Cabrilla</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Kelpfish</h1>
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<hw>Kelp"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small California food fish (<spn>Heterostichus rostratus</spn>), living among kelp. The name is also applied to species of the genus <spn>Platyglossus</spn>.</def>

<h1>Kelpie, Kelpy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Kel"pie</hw>, <hw>Kel"py</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Kelpies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. Gael. <ets>cailpeach</ets>, <ets>calpach</ets>, <ets>colpach</ets>, a heifer, steer, colt, <ets>colpa</ets> a cow or horse.]</ety> <fld>(Scotch Myth.)</fld> <def>An imaginary spirit of the waters, horselike in form, vulgarly believed to warn, by preternatural noises and lights, those who are to be drowned.</def>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Kelpware</h1>
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<hw>Kelp"ware`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Kelp</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Kelson</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kel"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Keelson</er>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Kelt</h1>
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<hw>Kelt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Kilt</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Kelt</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kelt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>kult</ets> quilt.]</ety> <def>Cloth with the nap, generally of native black wool.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Kelt</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kelt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A salmon after spawning.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Kelt</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kelt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Celt</er>, one of Celtic race.</def>

<h1>Kelter</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kel"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gael. & Ir. <ets>cealt</ets> clothes, Gael. <ets>cealltair</ets> spear, castle, cause, Prov. E. <ets>kilter</ets> tool, instrument. Cf. <er>Kilt</er>.]</ety> <def>Regular order or proper condition.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kilter</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[>Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>If the organs of prayer be out of <b>kelter</b> or out of tune, how can we pray?
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>
<-- now most commonly out of kilter -->

<h1>Keltic</h1>
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<hw>Kelt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Celtic</er>, <tt>a. & n.</tt></def>

<h1>Kemb</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kemb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kembed</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Kempt</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kembing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.<ets>kemben</ets>, AS. <ets>cemban</ets>, fr. <ets>camb</ets> comb.]</ety> <def>To comb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His longe hair was <b>kembed</b> behind his back.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kemelin</h1>
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<hw>Kem"e*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E.<ets>kemlin</ets>, <ets>kimlin</ets>, <ets>kimmel</ets>, a salting tub, any tub, <ets>kembing</ets> a brewing tub, G. <ets>kumme</ets> bowl, basin, W. <ets>cwmman</ets> a tub, brewing tub.]</ety> <def>A tub; a brewer's vessel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Kemp, Kempty</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw><hw>Kemp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Kemp"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Coarse, rough hair wool or fur, injuring its quality.</def>

<h1>Kempe</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kem"pe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Rough; shaggy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Kempe</i> hairs."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Kemps</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kemps</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The long flower stems of the ribwort plantain (<spn>Plantago Lanceolata</spn>).</def>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Kempt</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kempt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Kemb</er>.</def>

<i>B. Jonson. </i>

<h1>Ken</h1>
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<hw>Ken</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. from <ets>kennel</ets>.]</ety> <def>A house; esp., one which is a resort for thieves.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Ken</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ken</hw>, <tt>n. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kenned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kenning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.<ets>kennen</ets> to teach, make known, know, AS. <ets>cennan</ets> to make known, proclaim, or rather from the related Icel. <ets>kenna</ets> to know; akin to D. & G. <ets>kennen</ets> to know, Goth. <ets>kannjan</ets> to make known; orig., a causative corresponding to AS. <ets>cunnan</ets> to know, Goth. <ets>kunnan</ets>. &root;45. See <er>Can</er> to be able, <er>Know</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To know; to understand; to take cognizance of. <mark>[Archaic or Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b></def> <def>To recognize; to descry; to discern</def>. <mark>[Archaic or Scot.]</mark> "We <i>ken</i> them from afar."

<i>Addison</i>

<blockquote>'T is he. I <b>ken</b> the manner of his gait.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ken</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ken</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To look around.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Ken</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ken</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cognizance; view; especially, reach of sight or knowledge.</def> "Beyond his <i>ken</i>."

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<blockquote>Above the reach and <b>ken</b> of a mortal apprehension.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It was relief to quit the <b>ken</b>
And the inquiring looks of men.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kendal green, &or; Kendal</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw><hw>Ken"dal green`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Ken"dal</hw>.<hw><def>A cloth colored green by dye obtained from the woad-waxen, formerly used by Flemish weavers at <i>Kendal</i>, in Westmoreland, England.</def>

<i>J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).</i>

<blockquote>How couldst thou know these men in <b>Kendal green</b> ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kennel</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ken"nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Channel</er>, <er>Canal</er>.]</ety> <def>The water course of a street; a little canal or channel; a gutter; also, a puddle.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Kennel</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ken"nel</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.<ets>kenel</ets>, (assumed) OF. <ets>kenil</ets>, F. <ets>chenil</ets>, LL. <ets>canile</ets>, fr. L. <ets>canis</ets> a dog. Cf. <er>Canine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A house for a dog or for dogs, or for a pack of hounds.</def>

<blockquote>A dog sure, if he could speak, had wit enough to describe his <b>kennel</b>.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pack of hounds, or a collection of dogs.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The hole of a fox or other beast; a haunt.</def>

<h1>Kennel</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ken"nel</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>   <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kenneled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Kennelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kennelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To lie or lodge; to dwell, as a dog or a fox.</def>

<blockquote>The dog <b>kenneled</b> in a hollow tree.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kennel</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ken"nel</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put or keep in a kennel.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Kennel coal</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ken"nel coal`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. See <er>Cannel coal</er>.</def>

<h1>Kenning</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ken"ning</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ken</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Range of sight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The limit of vision at sea, being a distance of about twenty miles.</def>

<h1>Keno</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ke"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quine</ets> five winning numbers, fr. L. <ets>quini</ets> five each, <ets>quinque</ets> five. See <er>Five</er>.]</ety> <def>A gambling game, a variety of the game of lotto, played with balls or knobs, numbered, and cards also numbered.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Kenogenesis</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ken`o*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ new + E. <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Modified evolution, in which nonprimitive characters make their appearance in consequence of a secondary adaptation of the embryo to the peculiar conditions of its environment; -- distinguished from <i>palingenesis</i>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>c\'91nogenesis</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kenogenetic</h1>
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<hw>Ken`o*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to kenogenesis; <as>as, <ex>kenogenetic</ex> processes</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ken`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Kenspeckle</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ken"spec`kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having so marked an appearance as easily to be recognized.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Kent bugle</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kent" bu"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Probably named after a Duke of <ets>Kent</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A curved bugle, having six finger keys or stops, by means of which the performer can play upon every key in the musical scale; -- called also <altname>keyed bugle</altname>, and key <altname>bugle</altname>.</def>

<i>Moore.</i>

<h1>Kentle</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ken"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Quintal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A hundred weight; a quintal.</def>

<h1>Kentledge</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kent"ledge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cant</ets> edge, corner, D.<ets>kant</ets>. See <er>Cant</er> edge, angle.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Pigs of iron used for ballast.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kintlidge</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kentucky</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ken*tuck"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the United States.</def>

<cs><col>Kentucky blue grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a valuable pasture and meadow grass (<spn>Poa pratensis</spn>), found in both Europe and America. See under <er>Blue grass</er>.</cd> -- <col>Kentucky coffee tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tall North American tree (<spn>Gymnocladus Canadensis</spn>) with bipinnate leaves. It produces large woody pods containing a few seeds which have been used as a substitute for coffee. The timber is a very valuable.</cd></cs>

<h1>Kephalin</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Keph"a*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the head.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a group of nitrogenous phosphorized principles, supposed by Thudichum to exist in brain tissue.</def>

<h1>Kept</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kept</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Keep</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Kept mistress</col>, <cd>a concubine; a woman supported by a man as his paramour.</cd></cs>

<h1>Keramic</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ke*ram"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ceramic</er>.</def>

<h1>Keramics</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ke*ram"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ceramics</er>.</def>

<h1>Keramographic</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ker`a*mo*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ tile + <ets>graph + ic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Suitable to be written upon; capable of being written upon, as a slate; -- said especially of a certain kind of globe.</def>

<i>Scudamore.</i>

<h1>Kerana</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ke*ra"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A kind of long trumpet, used among the Persians.</def> <i>Moore (Encyc. of Music)</i>.

<h1>Kerargyrite</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ke*rar"gy*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cerargyrite</er>.</def>

<h1>Kerasin</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ker"a*sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous substance free from phosphorus, supposed to be present in the brain; a body closely related to cerebrin.</def>

<h1>Kerasine</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ker"a*sine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ horn.]</ety> <def>Resembling horn; horny; corneous.</def>

<h1>Keratin</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ker"a*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, horn.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous substance, or mixture of substances, containing sulphur in a loose state of combination, and forming the chemical basis of epidermal tissues, such as horn, hair, feathers, and the like. It is an insoluble substance, and, unlike elastin, is not dissolved even by gastric or pancreatic juice. By decomposition with sulphuric acid it yields leucin and tyrosin, as does albumin. Called also <altname>epidermose</altname>.</def><-- a sulfur-containing fibrous proein.  -->

<h1>Keratitis</h1>
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<hw>Ker`a*ti"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, horn + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the cornea.</def>

<h1>Keratode</h1>
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<hw>Ker"a*tode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Keratose</er>.</def>

<h1>Keratogenous</h1>
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<hw>Ker`a*tog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, horn + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing horn; <as>as, the <ex>keratogenous</ex> membrane within the horny hoof of the horse</as>.</def>

<h1>Keratoidea</h1>
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<hw>Ker`a*toi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, <?/, horn + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Keratosa</er>.</def>

<h1>Keratome</h1>
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<hw>Ker"a*tome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ horn + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument for dividing the cornea in operations for cataract.</def>

<h1>Keratonyxis</h1>
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<hw>Ker`a*to*nyx"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, horn + <?/ puncture.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The operation of removing a cataract by thrusting a needle through the cornea of the eye, and breaking up the opaque mass.</def>

<h1>Keratophyte</h1>
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<hw>Ker"a*to*phyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a horn + <?/ a plant.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A gorgonian coral having a horny axis.</def>

<h1>Keratosa</h1>
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<hw>Ker`a*to"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of sponges having a skeleton composed of hornlike fibers. It includes the commercial sponges.</def>

<h1>Keratose</h1>
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<hw>Ker"a*tose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, horn.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A tough, horny animal substance entering into the composition of the skeleton of sponges, and other invertebrates; -- called also <altname>keratode</altname>.</def>

<h1>Keratose</h1>
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<hw>Ker"a*tose`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Containing hornlike fibers or fibers of keratose; belonging to the Keratosa.</def>

<h1>Keraunograph</h1>
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<hw>Ke*rau"no*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thunderbolt + <ets>graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A figure or picture impressed by lightning upon the human body or elsewhere.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ker`au-nog"ra-phy</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Kerb</h1>
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<hw>Kerb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Curb</er>.</def>

<h1>Kerbstone</h1>
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<hw>Kerb"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Curbstone</er>.</def>

<h1>Kercher</h1>
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<hw>Ker"cher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kerchief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He became . . . white as a <b>kercher</b>.
<i>Sir T. North.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kerchered</h1>
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<hw>Ker"chered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered, or bound round, with a kercher.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>G. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Kerchief</h1>
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<hw>Ker"chief</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Kerchiefs</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>coverchef</ets>, OF. <ets>cuevrechief</ets>, <ets>couvrechef</ets>, F. <ets>couvrechef</ets>, a head covering, fr. <ets>couvrir</ets> to cover + OF. <ets>chief</ets> head, F. <ets>chef</ets>. See <er>Cover</er>, <er>Chief</er>, and cf. <er>Curfew</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A square of fine linen worn by women as a covering for the head; hence, anything similar in form or material, worn for ornament on other parts of the person; -- mostly used in compounds; <as>as, nec<ex>kerchief</ex>; breast<ex>kerchief</ex>; and later, hand<ex>kerchief</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>He might put on a hat, a muffler, and a <b>kerchief</b>, and so escape.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Her black hair strained away
To a scarlet <b>kerchief</b> caught beneath her chin.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lady who wears a kerchief.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Kerchiefed, Kerchieft</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ker"chiefed</hw>, <hw>Ker"chieft</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dressed; hooded; covered; wearing a kerchief.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Kerf</h1>
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<hw>Kerf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cyrf</ets> a cutting off, fr. <ets>ceorfan</ets> to cut, carve. See <er>Carve</er>.]</ety> <def>A notch, channel, or slit made in any material by cutting or sawing.</def>

<h1>Kerite</h1>
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<hw>Ke"rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/  horn.]</ety> <def>A compound in which tar or asphaltum combined with animal or vegetable oils is vulcanized by sulphur, the product closely resembling rubber; -- used principally as an insulating material in telegraphy.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Kerl</h1>
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<hw>Kerl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Carl</er>.</def>

<h1>Kermes</h1>
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<hw>Ker"mes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. & Per. <ets>girmiz</ets>. See <er>Crimson</er>, and cf. <er>Alkermes</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dried bodies of the females of a scale insect (<spn>Coccus ilicis</spn>), allied to the cochineal insect, and found on several species of oak near the Mediterranean. They are round, about the size of a pea, contain coloring matter analogous to carmine, and are used in dyeing. They were anciently thought to be of a vegetable nature, and were used in medicine.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chermes</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small European evergreen oak (<spn>Quercus coccifera</spn>) on which the kermes insect (<spn>Coccus ilicis</spn>) feeds.</def>

<i>J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).</i>

<cs><col>Kermes mineral</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <cd>An artificial amorphous trisulphide of antimony; -- so called on account of its red color</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Med. Chem.)</fld> <cd>A compound of the trioxide and trisulphide of antimony, used in medicine. This substance occurs in nature as the mineral <i>kermesite<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Kermesse</h1>
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<hw>Ker"messe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Kirmess</er>.</def>

<h1>Kern</h1>
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<hw>Kern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir.<ets>ceatharnach</ets>.Cf. <er>Cateran</er>. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A light-armed foot soldier of the ancient militia of Ireland and Scotland; -- distinguished from <i>gallowglass</i>, and often used as a term of contempt.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>Now for our Irish wars;
We must supplant those rough, rug-headed <b>kerns</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any kind of boor or low-lived person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>An idler; a vagabond.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Kern</h1>
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<hw>Kern</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Type Founding)</fld> <def>A part of the face of a type which projects beyond the body, or shank.</def>

<h1>Kern</h1>
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<hw>Kern</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kerned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kerning</er>. ]</wordforms> <fld>(Type Founding)</fld> <def>To form with a kern. See 2d <er>Kern</er>.</def>

<h1>Kern</h1>
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<hw>Kern</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Churn</er>. ]</ety> <def>A churn.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Kern</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kern</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cweorn</ets>, <ets>cwyrn</ets>. See <er>Quern</er>. ]</ety> <def>A hand mill. See <er>Quern</er>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Kern</h1>
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<hw>Kern</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>kern</ets> kernel, grain; akin to E. <ets>corn</ets>. See <er>Corn</er>, <er>Kernel</er>. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To harden, as corn in ripening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take the form of kernels; to granulate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It is observed that rain makes the salt <b>kern</b>.
<i>Dampier.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kerned</h1>
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<hw>Kerned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Having part of the face projecting beyond the body or shank; -- said of type.</def> "In Roman, <i>f</i> and <i>j</i> are the only <i>kerned</i> letters."

<i>MacKellar.</i>

<h1>Kernel</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ker"nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>kernel</ets>, <ets>kirnel</ets>, <ets>curnel</ets>, AS.<ets>cyrnel</ets>, fr. <ets>corn</ets> grain. See <er>Corn</er>, and cf. <er>Kern</er> to harden.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The essential part of a seed; all that is within the seed walls; the edible substance contained in the shell of a nut; hence, anything included in a shell, husk, or integument; <as>as, the <ex>kernel</ex> of a nut</as>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Endocarp</er>.</def>

<blockquote>' A were as good crack a fusty nut with no <b>kernel</b>
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A single seed or grain; <as>as, a <ex>kernel</ex> of corn</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small mass around which other matter is concreted; a nucleus; a concretion or hard lump in the flesh.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The central, substantial or essential part of anything; the gist; the core; <as>as, the <ex>kernel</ex> of an argument</as>.</def>

<h1>Kernel</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ker"nel</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kerneled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> &or; <er>Kernelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kerneling</er> &or; <er>Kernelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To harden or ripen into kernels; to produce kernels.</def>

<h1>Kerneled, Kernelled</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ker"neled</hw>, <hw>Ker"nelled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a kernel.</def>

<h1>Kernelly</h1>
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<hw>Ker"nel*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of kernels; resembling kernels; of the nature of kernels.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Kerish</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ker"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Kern</er> a boor.]</ety> <def>Clownish; booorish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A petty <i>kernish</i> prince."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Kerolite</h1>
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<hw>Ker"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Cerolite</er>.</def>

<h1>Kerosene</h1>
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<hw>Ker"o*sene`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wax.]</ety> <def>An oil used for illuminating purposes, formerly obtained from the distillation of mineral wax, bituminous shale, etc., and hence called also <altname>coal oil</altname>. It is now produced in immense quantities, chiefly by the distillation and purification of petroleum. It consists chiefly of several hydrocarbons of the methane series.</def>

<h1>Kers, Kerse</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw><hw>Kers</hw>, <hw>Kerse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Not worth a kers</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cress</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Kersey</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ker"sey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Kerseys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Prob. from the town of <ets>Kersey</ets> in Suffolk, Eng.]</ety> <def>A kind of coarse, woolen cloth, usually ribbed, woven from wool of long staple.</def>

<h1>Kerseymere</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ker"sey*mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>cassimere</ets>, confounded with <ets>kersey</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Cassimere</er>.</def>

<h1>Kerseynette</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ker`sey*nette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cassinette</er>.</def>

<h1>Kerve</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kerve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To carve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Kerver</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kerv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A carver.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Kesar</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ke"sar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Kaiser</er></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Keslop</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kes"lop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.<ets>c<?/selib</ets>, or <ets>c<?/slyb</ets>, milk curdled; cf. G. <ets>k\'84selab</ets>, <ets>k\'84selippe</ets>. See <er>Cheese</er>, and cf.<er>Cheeselep</er>.]</ety> <def>The stomach of a calf, prepared for rennet.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Kess</h1>
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<hw>Kess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To kiss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer</i>

<h1>Kest</h1>
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<hw>Kest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Cast</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Kestrel</h1>
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<hw>Kes"trel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Castrel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, slender European hawk (<spn>Falco alaudarius</spn>), allied to the sparrow hawk. Its color is reddish fawn, streaked and spotted with white and black. Also called <altname>windhover</altname> and <altname>stannel</altname>. The name is also applied to other allied species.</def>

<note>&hand; This word is often used in contempt, as of a mean kind of hawk. "Kites and <i>kestrels</i> have a resemblance with hawks."</note>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Ket</h1>
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<hw>Ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>kj\'94t</ets> flesh; akin to Sw. <ets>k\'94tt</ets>, Dan. <ets>kj\'94d</ets>.]</ety> <def>Carrion; any filth.</def> <mark>[Prob. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Ketch</h1>
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<hw>Ketch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. corrupted fr. Turk. <ets>q\'beiq</ets> : cf. F. <ets>caiche</ets>. Cf. <er>Ca\'8bque</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An almost obsolete form of vessel, with a mainmast and a mizzenmast, -- usually from one hundred to two hundred and fifty tons burden.</def>

<cs><col>Bomb ketch</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bomb</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ketch</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ketch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hangman. See <er>Jack Ketch</er>.</def>

<h1>Ketch</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ketch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Catch</er>.]</ety> <def>To catch.</def> <mark>[Now obs. in spelling, and colloq. in pronunciation.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>ketch</b> him at a vantage in his snares.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ketchup</h1>
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<hw>Ketch"up</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sauce. See <er>Catchup</er>.</def>

<h1>Ketine</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ke"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ketone</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of organic bases obtained by the reduction of certain isonitroso compounds of the ketones. In general they are unstable oily substances having a pungent aromatic odor.</def>

<h1>Ketmie</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ket`mie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of certain African species of <spn>Hibiscus</spn>, cultivated for the acid of their mucilage.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ketmia</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ketol</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ke"tol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ket</ets>one + ind<ets>ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of series of complex nitrogenous substances, represented by methyl ketol and related to indol.</def>

<cs><col>Methyl ketol</col>, <cd>a weak organic base, obtained as a white crystalline substance having the odor of f\'91ces.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ketone</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ke"tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Acetone</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a large class of organic substances resembling the aldehydes, obtained by the distillation of certain salts of organic acids and consisting of carbonyl (<chform>CO</chform>) united with two hydrocarbon radicals. In general the ketones are colorless volatile liquids having a pungent ethereal odor.</def>

<note>&hand; The ketones are named by adding the suffix-<i>one</i> to the stems of the organic acids from which they are respectively derived; thus, <i>acetic</i> acid gives acetone; <i>butyric</i> acid, <i>butyrone</i>, etc.</note>

<h1>Ketonic</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ke*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, a ketone; <as>as, a <ex>ketonic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Kettle</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ket"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ketel</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>cetel</ets>, <ets>cetil</ets>, <ets>cytel</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kjedel</ets>, G. <ets>kessel</ets>, OHG. <ets>chezzil</ets>, Icel. <ets>ketill</ets>, SW. <ets>kittel</ets>, Dan. <ets>kjedel</ets>, Goth. <ets>katils</ets>; all perh. fr. L. <ets>catillus</ets>, dim. of <ets>catinus</ets> a deep vessel, bowl; but cf. also OHG. <ets>chezz\'c6</ets> kettle, Icel. <ets>kati</ets> small ship.]</ety> <def>A metallic vessel, with a wide mouth, often without a cover, used for heating and boiling water or other liguids.</def>

<cs><col>Kettle pins</col>, <cd>ninepins; skittles. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shelton</i>.</cd> -- <col>Kettle stitch</col> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld>, <cd>the stitch made in sewing at the head and tail of a book. <i>Knight</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Kettledrum</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ket"tle*drum`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A drum made of thin copper in the form of a hemispherical kettle, with parchment stretched over the mouth of it.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Kettledrums</i>, in pairs, were formerly used in martial music for cavalry, but are now chiefly confined to orchestras, where they are called <i>tympani</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An informal social party at which a light collation is offered, held in the afternoon or early evening. Cf. <er>Drum</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4 and 5.</def>

<h1>Kettledrummer</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Ket"tle*drum`mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who plays on a kettledrum.</def>

<h1>Keuper</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Keu"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The upper division of the European Triassic. See <i>Chart</i> of <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Kevel</h1>
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<hw>Kev"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>kevil</ets>, <ets>cavel</ets>, rod, pole, a large hammer, horse's bit; cf. Icel. <ets>kefli</ets> cylinder, a stick, mangle, and Dan. <ets>kievle</ets> a roller.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A strong cleat to which large ropes are belayed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stone mason's hammer.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cavil</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Kevel head</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a projecting end of a timber, used as a kevel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Kevel, Kevin</h1>
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<hw><hw>Kev"el</hw>, <hw>Kev"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The gazelle.</def>

<h1>Kever</h1>
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<hw>Kev"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. &</tt> <def>i. To cover.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Keverchief</h1>
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<hw>Kev"er*chief</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kerchief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Kex</h1>
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<hw>Kex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>cecys</ets>, pl., hollow stalks.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A weed; a kecksy.</def>

<i>Bp. Gauden.</i>

<blockquote>Though the rough <b>kex</b> break
The starred mosaic.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dry husk or covering.</def>

<blockquote>When the <b>kex</b>, or husk, is broken, he proveth a fair flying butterfly.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Key</h1>
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<hw>Key</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>keye</ets>, <ets>key</ets>, <ets>kay</ets>, AS. <ets>c</ets><?/g.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument by means of which the bolt of a lock is shot or drawn; usually, a removable metal instrument fitted to the mechanism of a particular lock and operated by turning in its place.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument which is turned like a key in fastening or adjusting any mechanism; <as>as, a watch <ex>key</ex>; a bed <ex>key</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That part of an instrument or machine which serves as the means of operating it; <as>as, a telegraph <ex>key</ex>; the <ex>keys</ex> of a pianoforte, or of a typewriter.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A position or condition which affords entrance, control, pr possession, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>key</ex> of a line of defense; the <i>key</i> of a country; the <i>key</i> of a political situation. Hence, that which serves to unlock, open, discover, or solve something unknown or difficult; <as>as, the <ex>key</ex> to a riddle</as>; the <ex>key</ex> to a problem.</as></def>

<blockquote>Those who are accustomed to reason have got the true <b>key</b> of books.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who keeps the <b>keys</b> of all the creeds.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That part of a mechanism which serves to lock up, make fast, or adjust to position.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A piece of wood used as a wedge.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The last board of a floor when laid down.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A keystone.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That part of the plastering which is forced through between the laths and holds the rest in place.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A wedge to unite two or more pieces, or adjust their relative position; a cotter; a forelock.</def> See <i>Illusts</i>. of <er>Cotter</er>, and <er>Gib</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A bar, pin or wedge, to secure a crank, pulley, coupling, etc., upon a shaft, and prevent relative turning; sometimes holding by friction alone, but more frequently by its resistance to shearing, being usually embedded partly in the shaft and partly in the crank, pulley, etc.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An indehiscent, one-seeded fruit furnished with a wing, as the fruit of the ash and maple; a samara; -- called also <altname>key fruit</altname>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A family of tones whose regular members are called diatonic tones, and named key tone  (or tonic) or one (or eight), mediant or three, dominant or five, subdominant or four, submediant or six, supertonic or two, and subtonic or seven. Chromatic tones are temporary members of a key, under such names as " sharp four," "flat seven," etc. Scales and tunes of every variety are made from the tones of a key.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The fundamental tone of a movement to which its modulations are referred, and with which it generally begins and ends; keynote.</def>

<blockquote>Both warbling of one song, both in one <b>key</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Fig: The general pitch or tone of a sentence or utterance.</def>

<blockquote>You fall at once into a lower <b>key</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Key bed</col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Key seat</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Key bolt</col>, <cd>a bolt which has a mortise near the end, and is secured by a cotter or wedge instead of a nut.</cd> <col>Key bugle</col>. <cd>See <er>Kent bugle</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Key of a position</col> &or; <col>country.</col></mcol> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Key</er>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Key seat</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a bed or groove to receive a key which prevents one part from turning on the other.</cd> -- <col>Key way</col>, <cd>a channel for a key, in the hole of a piece which is keyed to a shaft; an internal key seat; -- called also <altname>key seat</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Key wrench</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>an adjustable wrench in which the movable jaw is made fast by a key.</cd> -- <col>Power of the keys</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>the authority claimed by the ministry in some Christian churches to administer the discipline of the church, and to grant or withhold its privileges; -- so called from the declaration of Christ, "I will give unto thee the <i>keys<i> of the kingdom of heaven." <i>Matt. xvi. 19</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Key</h1>
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<hw>Key</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Keved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Keying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To fasten or secure firmly; to fasten or tighten with keys or wedges.</def>

<i>Francis.</i>

<cs><col>To key up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>To raise (the whole ring of an arch) off its centering, by driving in the keystone forcibly</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>To raise the pitch of</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>Hence, fig., to produce nervous tension in.</cd></cs>

<h1>Keyage</h1>
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<hw>Key"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.<ets>caiage</ets>, F. <ets>guayage</ets>. See lst <er>Key</er>, <er>Quay</er>.]</ety> <def>Wharfage; quayage.</def>

<h1>Keyboard</h1>
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<hw>Key"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The whole arrangement, or one range, of the keys of an organ, typewriter, etc.</def>

<h1>Key-cold</h1>
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<hw>Key"-cold`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cold as a metallic key; lifeless.</def> <mark>[Formerly, a proverbial expression.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>  <i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Keyed</h1>
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<hw>Keyed</hw> <tt>(k&emac;d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with keys; <as>as, a <ex>keyed</ex> instrument</as>; also, set to a key, as a tune.</def>

<cs><col>Keyed bugle</col>. <cd>See <er>Kent bugle</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Keyhole</h1>
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<hw>Key"hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hole or apertupe in a door or lock, for receiving a key.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A hole or excavation in beams intended to be joined together, to receive the key which fastens them.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>a mortise for a key or cotter.</def>

<cs><col>Keyhole limpet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a marine gastropod of the genus Fissurella and allied genera. See <er>Fissurella</er>.</cd> -- <col>Keyhole saw</col>, <cd>a narrow, slender saw, used in cutting keyholes, etc., as in doors; a kind of compass saw or fret saw.</cd> -- <col>Keyhole urchin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of numerous clypeastroid sea urchins, of the genera <spn>Melitta</spn>, <spn>Rotula</spn>, and <spn>Encope</spn>; -- so called because they have one or more perforations resembling keyholes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Keynote</h1>
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<hw>Key"note`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The tonic or first tone of the scale in which a piece or passage is written; the fundamental tone of the chord, to which all the modulations of the piece are referred; -- called also <altname>key tone</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fundamental fact or idea; that which gives the key; <as>as, the <ex>keynote</ex> of a policy or a sermon</as>.</def>

<h1>Keyseat</h1>
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<hw>Key"seat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form a key seat, as by cutting. See <cref>Key seat</cref>, under <er>Key</er>.</def>

<h1>Keystone</h1>
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<hw>Key"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The central or topmost stone of an arch. This in some styles is made different in size from the other voussoirs, or projects, or is decorated with carving. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Arch</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Keystone State</col>, <cd>the State of Pennsylvania; -- so called from its having been the central State of the Union at the formation of the Constitution.</cd></cs>

<h1>Key tone</h1>
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<hw>Key" tone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Keynote</er>.</def>

<h1>Keyway</h1>
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<hw>Key"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <cref>Key way</cref>, under <er>Key</er>.</def>

<h1>Khaliff</h1>
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<hw>Kha"liff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Caliph</er>.</def>

<h1>Khamsin</h1>
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<hw>Kham*sin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Kamsin</er>.</def>

<h1>Khan</h1>
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<hw>Khan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pers. & Tart. <ets>kh</ets>\'be<tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <altsp>[Also <asp>kan</asp>, <asp>kaun</asp>.]</altsp> <def>A king; a prince; a chief; a governor; -- so called among the Tartars, Turks, and Persians, and in countries now or formerly governed by them.</def>

<h1>Khan</h1>
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<hw>Khan</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>kh</ets>\'be<ets>n</ets>, <ets>kh\'benah</ets>, house, tent, inn.]</ety> <def>An Eastern inn or caravansary.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kawn</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Khanate</h1>
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<hw>Khan*ate</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dominion or jurisdiction of a khan</def>.

<h1>Khaya</h1>
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<hw>Kha"ya</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A lofty West African tree (<spn>Khaya Senegalensis</spn>), related to the mahogany, which it resembles in the quality of the wood. The bark is used as a febrifuge.</def>

<h1>Khedive</h1>
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<hw>Khe`dive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>kh\'82dive</ets>, Pers. <ets>khediw</ets> a prince.]</ety> <def>A governor or viceroy; -- a title granted in 1867 by the sultan of Turkey to the ruler of Egypt.</def>

<h1>Khenna</h1>
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<hw>Khen"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Henna</er>.</def>

<h1>Kholah</h1>
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<hw>Kho"lah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Indian jackal.</def>

<h1>Kholsun</h1>
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<hw>Khol"sun</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dhole</def>.

<h1>Khutbah</h1>
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<hw>Khut"bah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar.]</ety> <def>An address or public prayer read from the steps of the pulpit in Mohammedan mosques, offering glory to God, praising Mohammed and his descendants, and the ruling princes.</def>

<h1>Kiabooca wood</h1>
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<hw>Ki`a*boo"ca wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. See <er>Kyaboca wood</er>.</def>

<h1>Kiang</h1>
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<hw>Ki*ang"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dziggetai.</def>

<h1>Kibble</h1>
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<hw>Kib"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bruise; to grind coarsely; <as>as, <ex>kibbled</ex> oats</as>.</def> <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Kibble</h1>
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<hw>Kib"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A large iron bucket used in Cornwall and Wales for raising ore out of mines.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kibbal</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kibblings</h1>
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<hw>Kib"blings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Portions of small fish used for bait on the banks of Newfoundland.</def>

<h1>Kibe</h1>
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<hw>Kibe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>cib + gwst</ets> pain, sickness.]</ety> <def>A chap or crack in the flesh occasioned by cold; an ulcerated chilblain.</def> "He galls his <i>kibe</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Kibed</h1>
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<hw>Kibed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Chapped; cracked with cold; affected with chilblains; as <i>kibed</i> heels.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl. </i>

<h1>Kibitka</h1>
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<hw>Ki*bit"ka</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Kibitkas</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Russ.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tent used by the Kirghiz Tartars.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rude kind of Russian vehicle, on wheels or on runners, sometimes covered with cloth or leather, and often used as a movable habitation.</def>

<h1>Kiblah</h1>
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<hw>Kib"lah</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Keblah</er>.</def>

<h1>Kiby</h1>
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<hw>Kib"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with kibes.</def>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Kichil</h1>
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<hw>Kich"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>,. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Kechil</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Kick</h1>
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<hw>Kick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kicred</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kicking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[W. <ets>cicio</ets>, fr. <ets>cic</ets> foot.]</ety> <def>To strike, thrust, or hit violently with the foot; <as>as, a horse <ex>kicks</ex> a groom; a man <ex>kicks</ex> a dog.</as></def>

<blockquote>He [Frederick the Great] <b>kicked</b> the shins of his judges.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To kick the beam</col>, <cd>to fit up and strike the beam; -- said of the lighter arm of a loaded balance; hence, to be found wanting in weight. <i>Milton</i>.</cd> -- <col>To kick the bucket</col>, <cd>to lose one's life; to die. <mark>[Colloq. & Low]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Kick</h1>
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<hw>Kick</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To thrust out the foot or feet with violence; to strike out with the foot or feet, as in defense or in bad temper; esp., to strike backward, as a horse does, or to have a habit of doing so. Hence, figuratively: To show ugly resistance, opposition, or hostility; to spurn.</def>

<blockquote>I should <b>kick</b>, being kicked.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To recoil; -- said of a musket, cannon, etc.</def><-- also kicj back -->

<h1>Kick</h1>
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<hw>Kick</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A blow with the foot or feet; a striking or thrust with the foot.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>kick</b>, that scarce would more a horse,
May kill a sound divine.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The projection on the tang of the blade of a pocket knife, which prevents the edge of the blade from striking the spring. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Pocketknife</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Brickmaking)</fld> <def>A projection in a mold, to form a depression in the surface of the brick.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The recoil of a musket or other firearm, when discharged.</def>

<h1>Kickable</h1>
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<hw>Kick"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable or deserving of being kicked.</def> "A <i>kickable</i> boy."

<i>G. Eliot. </i>

<h1>Kickapoos</h1>
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<hw>Kick`a*poos"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Kickapoo</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians which formerly occupied the region of Northern Illinois, allied in language to the Sacs and Foxes.</def>

<-- kickback. n. recoil, of a gun or machine, as in older automobile engines when started by turning a crank.
  2. a secret, and usually illegal, payment, by a recipient of money paid for goods or services, to a facilitator of the transaction, of a portion of that money. -->

<h1>Kicker</h1>
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<hw>Kick"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, kicks.</def>

<h1>Kickshaw</h1>
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<hw>Kick"shaw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Kickshaws</er>, the correct singular.</def>

<h1>Kickshaws</h1>
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<hw>Kick"shaws`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl</plu>. <plw>Kickshawses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[Corrupt. fr. F. <ets>guelgue chose</ets> something, fr. L. <ets>gualis</ets> of what kind (akin to E. <ets>which</ets>) + <ets>suffix</ets> <ets>-guam</ets> + <ets>causa</ets> cause, in LL., a thing. See <er>Which</er>, and <er>Cause</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something fantastical; any trifling, trumpery thing; a toy.</def>

<blockquote>Art thou good at these <b>kickshawses</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fancy dish; a titbit; a delicacy.</def>

<blockquote>Some pigeons, . . . a joint of mutton, and any pretty little tiny <b>kickshaws</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cressy was lost by <b>kickshaws</b> and soup-maigre.
<i>Fenton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kickshoe</h1>
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<hw>Kick"shoe`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kickshaws.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Kicksy-wicksy, Kicky-wisky</h1>
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<hw><hw>Kick"sy-wick`sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Kick"y-wisk`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is restless and uneasy.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Kicky-wicky</i>, or, in some editions, <i>Kicksy-wicksy</i>, is applied contemptuously to a wife by Shakespeare, in "All's Well that Ends Well," ii. 3, 297.</note>

<h1>Kicksy-wicksy</h1>
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<hw>Kick"sy-wick`sy</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fantastic; restless; <as>as, <ex>kicksy-wicksy</ex> flames</as>.</def>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Kickup</h1>
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<hw>Kick"up</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The water thrush or accentor.</def> <mark>[Local, West Indies]</mark>

<h1>Kid</h1>
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<hw>Kid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. <ets>ki<?/</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>kid</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>kizzi</ets>, G. <ets>kitz</ets>, <ets>kitz</ets>chen, <ets>kitz</ets>lein.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young goat.</def>

<blockquote>The . . . leopard shall lie down with the <b>kid</b>. <i>Is. xi. 6</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A young child or infant; hence, a simple person, easily imposed on.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Charles Reade.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of leather made of the skin of the young goat, or of the skin of rats, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Gloves made of kid.</def> <mark>[Colloq. & Low]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A small wooden mess tub; -- a name given by sailors to one in which they receive their food.</def>

<i>Cooper.</i>

<h1>Kid</h1>
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<hw>Kid</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kidded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kidding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring forth a young goat.</def>

<h1>Kid</h1>
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<hw>Kid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>cidysen</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fagot; a bundle of heath and furze.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Kid</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kid</hw>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Kythe</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower. Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Kid</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kid</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Kiddy</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Kidde</h1>
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<hw>Kid"de</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Kythe</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Kidderminster</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kid"der*min`ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of ingrain carpeting, named from the English town where formerly most of it was manufactured.</def>

<h1>Kiddier</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kid"di*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OSw. <ets>kyta</ets> to truck.]</ety> <def>A huckster; a cadger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Kiddle</h1>
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<hw>Kid"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL.<ets>kidellus</ets>, Armor. <ets>ki\'beel</ets>]</ety> <def>A kind of basketwork wear in a river, for catching fish.</def> <altsp>[Improperly spelled <asp>kittle</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kiddow</h1>
<Xpage=810>

<hw>Kid"dow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The guillemot.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kiddaw</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Kiddy</h1>
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<hw>Kid"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deceive; to outwit; to hoax.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Kiddy</h1>
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<hw>Kid"dy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A young fellow; formerly, a low thief.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Kiddyish</h1>
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<hw>Kid"dy*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Frolicsome; sportive.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Kidfox</h1>
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<hw>Kid"fox`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young fox</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Kidling</h1>
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<hw>Kid"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Kid</ets> +<ets>-ling</ets>: cf. Sw. <ets>kidling</ets>.]</ety> <def>A young kid.</def>

<h1>Kidnap</h1>
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<hw>Kid"nap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kidnaped</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Kidnapped</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kidnaping</er> or <er>Kidnapping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Kid</ets> a child + Prov. E. <ets>nap</ets> to seize, to grasp. Cf. <er>Knab</er>, <er>Knap</er>, <er>Nab</er>.]</ety> <def>To take (any one) by force or fear, and against one's will, with intent to carry to another place.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<blockquote>You may reason or expostulate with the parents, but never attempt to <b>kidnap</b> their children, and to make proselytes of them.
<i>Whately.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Originally used only of stealing children, but now extended in application to any human being, involuntarily abducted.</note>

<h1>Kidnaper, &or; Kidnapper</h1>
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<hw><hw>Kid"nap`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Kid"nap`per</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who steals or forcibly carries away a human being; a manstealer.</def>

<h1>Kidney</h1>
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<hw>Kid"ney</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Kidneys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>.  <ety>[OE. <ets>kidnei</ets>, <ets>kidnere</ets>, from Icel. <ets>koi<?/r</ets> belly, womb (akin to Goth. <ets>gipus</ets>, AS. <ets>cwip</ets> womb) + OE. <ets>nere</ets> kidney; akin to D. <ets>nier</ets>, G. <ets>niere</ets>, OHG. <ets>nioro</ets>, Icel. <ets>n<?/ra</ets>, Dan. <ets>nyre</ets>, Sw. <ets>njure</ets>, and probably to Gr. (<?/) Cf. <er>Kite</er> belly.]</ety>

<hr>
<page="813">
Page 813<p>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A glandular organ which excretes urea and other waste products from the animal body; a urinary gland.</def>

<note>&hand; In man and in other mammals there are two kidneys, one each side of vertebral column in the back part of the abdomen, each kidney being connected with the bladder by a long tube, the ureter, through which the urine is constantly excreted into the bladder to be periodically discharged.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Habit; disposition; sort; kind.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>There are in later other decrees, made by popes of another <b>kidney</b>.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Millions in the world of this man's <b>kidney</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Your poets, spendthrifts, and other fools of that <b>kidney</b>, pretend, forsooth, to crack their jokes on prudence.
<i>Burns.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This use of the word perhaps arose from the fact that the <i>kidneys</i> and the fat about them are an easy test of the condition of an animal as to fatness. "Think of that, -- a man of my <i>kidney</i>; -- . . . as subject to heat as butter."</note>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A waiter</def>. <mark>[Old Cant]</mark>

<i>Tatler.</i>

<cs><col>Floating kidney</col>. <cd>See <cref>Wandering kidney</cref>, under <er>Wandering</er>.</cd> -- <col>Kidney bean</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a sort of bean; -- so named from its shape. It is of the genus <spn>Phaseolus</spn> (<spn>P. vulgaris</spn>). See under <er>Bean</er>.</cd> -- <col>Kidney ore</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of hematite or iron sesquioxide, occurring in compact kidney-shaped masses.</cd> -- <col>Kidney stone</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Nephrite</er>, and <er>Jade</er>.</cd> -- <col>Kidney vetch</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leguminous herb of Europe and Asia (<spn>Anthyllis vulneraria</spn>), with cloverlike heads of red or yellow flowers, once used as a remedy for renal disorders, and also to stop the flow of blood from wounds; lady's-fingers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Kidney-form, Kidney-shaped</h1>
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<hw><hw>Kid"ney-form`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Kid"ney-shaped`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the form or shape of a kidney; reniform; <as>as, a <ex>kidney-shaped</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Kidneywort</h1>
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<hw>Kid"ney*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A kind of saxifrage <fld>(Saxifrage stellaris)</fld>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The navelwort.</def>

<h1>Kie</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw>Kie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Kee</er>.]</ety> <def>Kine; cows.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Kiefekil</h1>
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<hw>Kie"fe*kil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>keff</ets> foam, scum + <ets>gil</ets> clay, mud.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A species of clay; meerschaum.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>keffekil</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kier</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw>Kier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>ker</ets> a tub.]</ety> <fld>(Bleaching)</fld> <def>A large tub or vat in which goods are subjected to the action of hot lye or bleaching liquor; -- also called <altname>keeve</altname>.</def>

<h1>Kieselguhr</h1>
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<hw>Kie"sel*guhr`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., fr. <ets>kiesel</ets> flint + <ets>guhr</ets> an earthy deposit or sediment in water.]</ety> <def>Siliceous earth; specifically, porous infusorial earth, used as an absorbent of nitroglycerin in the manufacture of dynamite.</def>

<h1>Kieserite</h1>
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<hw>Kie"ser*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after Prof. <ets>Kieser</ets>, of Jena.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Hydrous sulphate of magnesia found at the salt mines of Stassfurt, Prussian Saxony.</def>

<h1>Kieve</h1>
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<hw>Kieve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Keeve</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Kike</h1>
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<hw>Kike</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>kijken</ets>, Sw. <ets>kika</ets>.]</ety> <def>To gaze; to stare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Kike</h1>
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<hw>Kike</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To kick</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<-- kike n. derogatory name for a jew.  -->

<h1>Kilderkin</h1>
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<hw>Kil"der*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OD. <ets>kindeken</ets>, <ets>kinneken</ets>, a small barrel, orig., a little child, fr. <ets>kind</ets> child; akin to G.<ets>kind</ets>, and to E. <ets>kin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small barrel; an old liquid measure containing eighteen English beer gallons, or nearly twenty-two gallons, United States measure.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kinderkin</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kill</h1>
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<hw>Kill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kiln.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Kill</h1>
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<hw>Kill</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>kil</ets>.]</ety> <def>A channel or arm of the sea; a river; a stream; <as>as, the channel between Staten Island and Bergen Neck is the <ex>Kill</ex> van Kull, or the <ex>Kills</ex>; -- used also in composition; <as>as, Schuyl<ex>kill</ex>, Cats<ex>kill</ex>, etc.</as></as></def>

<h1>Kill</h1>
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<hw>Kill</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Killed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Killing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>killen</ets>, <ets>kellen</ets>, <ets>cullen</ets>, to kill, strike; perh. the same word as <ets>cwellen</ets>, <ets>quellen</ets>, to kill (cf. <er>Quell</er>), or perh. rather akin to Icel. <ets>kolla</ets> to hit in the head, harm, <ets>kollr</ets> top, summit, head, Sw. <ets>kulle</ets>, D. <ets>kollen</ets> to kill with the ax.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deprive of life, animal or vegetable, in any manner or by any means; to render inanimate; to put to death; to slay.</def>

<blockquote>Ah, <b>kill</b> me with thy weapon, not with words !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To destroy; to ruin; <as>as, to <ex>kill</ex> one's chances; to <ex>kill</ex> the sale of a book.</as></def> "To <i>kill</i> thine honor."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Her lively color <b>kill'd</b> with deadly cares.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to cease; to quell; to calm; to still; <as>as, in seamen's language, a shower of rain <ex>kills</ex> the wind</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Be comforted, good madam; the great rage,
You see, is <b>killed</b> in him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To destroy the effect of; to counteract; to neutralize; <as>as, alkali <ex>kills</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To kill time</col>, <cd>to busy one's self with something which occupies the attention, or makes the time pass without tediousness.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To murder; assassinate; slay; butcher; destroy. -- To <er>Kill</er>, <er>Murder</er>, <er>Assassinate</er>. To <i>kill</i> does not necessarily mean any more than to deprive of life. A man may <i>kill</i> another by accident or in self-defense, without the imputation of guilt. To <i>murder</i> is to kill with malicious forethought and intention. To <i>assassinate</i> is to<i>murder</i> suddenly and by stealth. The sheriff may <i>kill</i> without <i>murdering</i>; the duelist <i>murders</i>, but does not <i>assassinate</i> his antagonist; the assassin <i>kills</i> and <i>murders</i>.</syn>

<h1>Killdee, Killdeer</h1>
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<hw><hw>Kill"dee`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Kill"deer`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So named from its notes.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small American plover (<spn>\'92gialitis vocifera</spn>).</def>

<note>&hand; It is dark grayish brown above; the rump and upper tail coverts are yellowish rufous; the belly, throat, and a line over the eyes, white; a ring round the neck and band across the breast, black.</note>

<h1>Killer</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw>Kill"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who deprives of life; one who, or that which, kills.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A voracious, toothed whale of the genus <spn>Orca</spn>, of which several species are known.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>killers</i> have a high dorsal fin, and powerful jaws armed with large, sharp teeth. They capture, and swallow entire, large numbers of seals, porpoises, and dolphins, and are celebrated for their savage, combined attacks upon the right whales, which they are said to mutilate and kill. The common Atlantic species (<spn>Orca gladiator</spn>), is found both on the European and the American coast. Two species (<spn>Orca ater</spn> and <spn>O. rectipinna</spn>) <i>occur on the Pacific coast</i>.</note>

<h1>Killesse</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw>Kil*lesse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Coulisse</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A gutter, groove, or channel.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A hipped roof.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Parker.</i>

<h1>Killifish</h1>
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<hw>Kil"li*fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several small American cyprinodont fishes of the genus <spn>Fundulus</spn> and allied genera. They live equally well in fresh and brackish water, or even in the sea. They are usually striped or barred with black. Called also <altname>minnow</altname>, and <altname>brook fish</altname>. See <er>Minnow</er>.</def>

<h1>Killigrew</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw>Kil"li*grew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Cornish chough. See under <er>Chough</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Killikinick</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw>Kil`li*ki*nick"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Kinnikinic</er>.</def>

<h1>Killing</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw>Kill"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Literally, that kills; having power to kill; fatal; in a colloquial sense, conquering; captivating; irresistible.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Kill"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Those eyes are made so <b>killing</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nothing could be more <b>killingly</b> spoken.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kill-joy</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw>Kill"-joy`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who causes gloom or grief; a dispiriting person.</def>

<i>W. Black.</i>

<h1>Killock</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw>Kil"lock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Scot.<ets>killick</ets> "the flue [fluke] of an anchor." <i>Jamieson</i>.]</ety> <def>A small anchor; also, a kind of anchor formed by a stone inclosed by pieces of wood fastened together.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>killick</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Killow</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw>Kil"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>kollow</ets> the smut or grime on the backs of chimneys.]</ety> <def>An earth of a blackish or deep blue color.</def>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Kiln</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw>Kiln</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.<ets>kilne</ets>, <ets>kulne</ets>, AS. <ets>cyln</ets>, <ets>cylen</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>kylna</ets>; <ets>prob</ets>. from the same source as <ets>coal</ets>. See <er>Coal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large stove or oven; a furnace of brick or stone, or a heated chamber, for the purpose of hardening, burning, or drying anything; <as>as, a <ex>kiln</ex> for baking or hardening earthen vessels; a <ex>kiln</ex> for drying grain, meal, lumber, etc.; a <ex>kiln</ex> for calcining limestone.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A furnace for burning bricks; a brickkiln.</def>

<h1>Kiln-dry</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw>Kiln"-dry`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dry in a kiln; <as>as, to <ex>kiln-dry</ex> meal or grain</as>.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Kilnhole</h1>
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<hw>Kiln"hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The mouth or opening of an oven or kiln.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Kilo</h1>
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<hw>Ki"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Kilos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>An abbreviation of <er>Kilogram</er>.</def>

<h1>Kilogram, Kilogramme</h1>
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<hw><hw>Kil"o*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Kil"o*gramme</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>kilogramme</ets>; pref. <ets>kilo-</ets> (fr. Gr. <grk>chi`lioi</grk> a thousand ) + <ets>gramme.</ets> See 3d <er>Gram</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure of weight, being a thousand grams, equal to 2.2046 pounds avoirdupois (15,432.34 grains). It is equal to the weight of a cubic decimeter of distilled water at the temperature of maximum density, or 39&deg; Fahrenheit.</def>

<h1>Kilogrammeter, Kilogrammetre</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw><hw>Kil"o*gram*me`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Kil"o*gram*me`tre</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A measure of energy or work done, being the amount expended in raising one kilogram through the height of one meter, in the latitude of Paris.</def>

<h1>Kiloliter, Kilolitre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Kil"o*li`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Kil"o*li`tre</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>kilolitre</ets>. See <er>Kilogram</er>, and <er>Liter</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure of capacity equal to a cubic meter, or a thousand liters. It is equivalent to 35.315 cubic feet, and to 220.04 imperial gallons, or 264.18 American gallons of 321 cubic inches.</def>

<h1>Kilometer, Kilometre</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw><hw>Kil"o*me`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Kil"o*me`tre</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>kilometre</ets>. See <er>Kilogram</er>, and <er>Meter</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure of length, being a thousand meters. It is equal to 3,280.8 feet, or 62137 of a mile.</def>

<h1>Kilostere</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw>Kil"o*stere`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.<ets>kilostere</ets>. See <er>Kilogram</er>, and <er>Stere</er>.]</ety> <def>A cubic measure containing 1000 cubic meters, and equivalent to 35,315 cubic feet.</def>

<h1>Kilowatt</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw>Kil"o*watt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Kilogram</er> and <er>Watt</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>One thousand watts.</def>

<h1>Kilt</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw>Kilt</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> from <er>Kill</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Kilt</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw>Kilt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OGael. <ets>cealt</ets> clothes, or rather perh. fr. Dan. <ets>kilte op</ets> to truss, tie up, tuck up.]</ety> <def>A kind of short petticoat, reaching from the waist to the knees, worn in the Highlands of Scotland by men, and in the Lowlands by young boys; a filibeg.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kelt</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kilt</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw>Kilt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kilted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kilting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To tuck up; to truss up, as the clothes.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Kilted</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw>Kilt"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having on a kilt.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Plaited after the manner of kilting</def>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Tucked or fastened up; -- said of petticoats, etc.</def>

<h1>Kilter</h1>
<Xpage=813>

<hw>Kil"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Kelter</er>.</def>

<h1>Kilting</h1>
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<hw>Kilt"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Dressmaking)</fld> <def>A perpendicular arrangement of flat, single plaits, each plait being folded so as to cover half the breadth of the preceding one.</def>

<h1>Kimbo</h1>
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<hw>Kim"bo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Akimbo</er>.]</ety> <def>Crooked; arched; bent.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kimbow</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Kimmerian</h1>
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<hw>Kim*me"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Cimmerian</er>.</def>

<h1>Kimnel</h1>
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<hw>Kim"nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tub. See <er>Kemelin</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She knew not what a <b>kimnel</b> was
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kimry</h1>
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<hw>Kim"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cymry</er>.</def>

<h1>kin</h1>
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<hw>kin</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[Of Low German origin; cf. G. -<ets>chen</ets>, LG. -- <ets>ken</ets>.]</ety> <def>A diminutive suffix; as, mani<i>kin</i>; lamb<i>kin</i></def>.

<h1>Kin</h1>
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<hw>Kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A primitive Chinese instrument of the cittern kind, with from five to twenty-five silken strings.</def>

<i>Riemann.</i>

<h1>Kin</h1>
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<hw>Kin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>kin</ets>, <ets>cun</ets>, AS. <ets>cynn</ets> kin, kind, race, people; akin to <ets>cennan</ets> to beget, D. <ets>kunne</ets> sex, OS. & OHG. <ets>kunni</ets> kin, race, Icel. <ets>kyn</ets>, Goth. <ets>kuni</ets>, G. & D. <ets>kind</ets> a child, L. <ets>genus</ets> kind, race, L. <ets>gignere</ets> to beget, Gr. <?/ to be born, Skr. <ets>jan</ets> to beget. <?/. Cf. <er>Kind</er>, <er>King</er>, <er>Gender</er> kind, <er>Nation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relationship, consanguinity, or affinity; connection by birth or marriage; kindred; near connection or alliance, as of those having common descent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relatives; persons of the same family or race.</def>

<blockquote>The father, mother, and the <b>kin</b>beside.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You are of <b>kin</b>, and so a friend to their persons.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kin</h1>
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<hw>Kin</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the same nature or kind; kinder.</def> "<i>Kin</i> to the king."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Kin\'91sodic</h1>
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<hw>Kin`\'91*sod"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Kinesodic.</def>

<h1>Kin\'91sthesis</h1>
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<hw>Kin`\'91s*the"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to move + <?/ perception.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The perception attendant upon the movements of the muscles.</def>

<i>Bastian.</i>

<h1>Kinate</h1>
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<hw>Ki"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>kinate</ets>. ]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Quinate</er>.</def> <mark>[Obsolescent]</mark>

<h1>Kincob</h1>
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<hw>Kin"cob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>India silk brocaded with flowers in silver or gold.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of kincob; brocaded.</def> <i>Thackeray</i>.</def2>

<h1>Kind</h1>
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<hw>Kind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Kinder</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Kindest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>cynde</ets>, <ets>gecynde</ets>, natural, innate, prop. an old p. p. from the root of E. <ets>kin</ets>. See <er>Kin</er> kindred.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Characteristic of the species; belonging to one's nature; natural; native.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>It becometh sweeter than it should be, and loseth the <b>kind</b> taste.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having feelings befitting our common nature; congenial; sympathetic; <as>as, a <ex>kind</ex> man; a <ex>kind</ex> heart.</as></def>

<blockquote>Yet was he <b>kind</b>, or if severe in aught,
The love he bore to learning was his fault.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Showing tenderness or goodness; disposed to do good and confer happiness; averse to hurting or paining; benevolent; benignant; gracious.</def>

<blockquote>He is <b>kind</b> unto the unthankful and to evil.
<i>Luke vi 35.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O cruel Death, to those you take more <b>kind</b>
Than to the wretched mortals left behind.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A fellow feeling makes one wondrous <b>kind</b>.
<i>Garrick.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Proceeding from, or characterized by, goodness, gentleness, or benevolence; <as>as, a <ex>kind</ex> act</as>.</def> "Manners so <i>kind</i>, yet stately."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Gentle; tractable; easily governed; <as>as, a horse <ex>kind</ex> in harness</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Benevolent; benign; beneficent; bounteous; gracious; propitious; generous; forbearing; indulgent; tender; humane; compassionate; good; lenient; clement; mild; gentle; bland; obliging; friendly; amicable. See <er>Obliging</er>.</syn>

<h1>Kind</h1>
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<hw>Kind</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>kinde</ets>, <ets>cunde</ets>, AS. <ets>cynd</ets>. See <er>Kind</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Nature; natural instinct or disposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He knew by <b>kind</b> and by no other lore.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some of you, on pure instinct of nature,
Are led by <b>kind t'</b>admire your fellow-creature.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Race; genus; species; generic class; <as>as, in man<ex>kind</ex> or human<ex>kind</ex></as>.</def> "Come of so low a <i>kind</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Every <b>kind</b> of beasts, and of birds.
<i>James iii.7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She follows the law of her <b>kind</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Here to sow the seed of bread,
That man and all the <b>kinds</b> be fed.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Nature; style; character; sort; fashion; manner; variety; description; class; <as>as, there are several <ex>kinds</ex> of eloquence, of style, and of music; many <ex>kinds</ex> of government; various <ex>kinds</ex> of soil, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>How diversely Love doth his pageants play,
And snows his power in variable <b>kinds</b> !
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is one <b>kind</b> of flesh of men, another flesh of beasts, another of fishes, and another of birds.
<i>I Cor. xv. 39.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Diogenes was asked in a <b>kind</b> of scorn: What was the matter that philosophers haunted rich men, and not rich men philosophers ?
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>A kind of</col>, <cd>something belonging to the class of; something like to; -- said loosely or slightingly.</cd> <col>In kind</col>, <cd>in the produce or designated commodity itself, as distinguished from its value in money.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Tax on tillage was often levied <b>in kind</b> upon corn.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Sort; species; class; genus; nature; style; character; breed; set.</syn>

<h1>Kind</h1>
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<hw>Kind</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Kin</er>.]</ety> <def>To beget.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Kindergarten</h1>
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<hw>Kin"der*gar`ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., lit., children's garden; <ets>kinder</ets> (pl. of <ets>kind</ets> child, akin to E. <ets>kin</ets> kindred) + <ets>garten</ets> garden.]</ety> <def>A school for young children, conducted on the theory that education should be begun by gratifying and cultivating the normal aptitude for exercise, play, observation, imitation, and construction; -- a name given by Friedrich Froebel, a German educator, who introduced this method of training, in rooms opening on a garden.</def>

<h1>Kindergartner</h1>
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<hw>Kin"der*gart`ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who teaches in a kindergarten.</def>

<h1>Kind-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Kind"-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having kindness of nature; sympathetic; characterized by a humane disposition; <as>as, a <ex>kind-hearted</ex> landlord</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To thy self at least <b>kind-hearted</b> prove.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kind-heartedness</h1>
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<hw>Kind"-heart`ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being kind-hearted; benevolence.</def>

<h1>Kindle</h1>
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<hw>Kin"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>kindlen</ets>, <ets>cundlen</ets>. See <er>Kind</er>.]</ety> <def>To bring forth young.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The poor beast had but lately <b>kindled</b>.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kindle</h1>
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<hw>Kin`dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kindled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kindling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Icel. <ets>kyndill</ets> candle, torch; prob. fr. L. <ets>candela</ets>; cf. also Icel. <ets>kynda</ets> to kindle. Cf. <er>Candle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set on fire; to cause to burn with flame; to ignite; to cause to begin burning; to start; to light; <as>as, to <ex>kindle</ex> a match, or shavings</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His breath <b>kindleth</b> coals.
<i>Job xii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To inflame, as the passions; to rouse; to provoke; to excite to action; to heat; to fire; to animate; to incite; <as>as, to <ex>kindle</ex> anger or wrath; to <ex>kindle</ex> the flame of love, or love into a flame</as>.</def>

<blockquote>So is a contentious man to <b>kindle</b> strife.
<i>Prov. xxvi. 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nothing remains but that I <b>kindle</b> the boy thither.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Kindling</b> her undazzled eyes at the full midday beam.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Could swell the soul to rage, or <b>kindle</b> soft desire.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Enkindle; light; ignite; inflame; provoke; excite; arouse; stir up.</syn>

<h1>Kindle</h1>
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<hw>Kin"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take fire; to begin to burn with flame; to start as a flame.</def>

<blockquote>When thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be burned; neither shall the flame <b>kindle</b> upon thee.
<i>Is. xliii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To begin to be excited; to grow warm or animated; to be roused or exasperated.</def>

<blockquote>On all occasions where forbearance might be called for, the Briton <b>kindles</b>, and the Christian gives way.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kindler</h1>
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<hw>Kin"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, kindles, stirs up, or sets on fire.</def>"<i>Kindlers</i> of riot."

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Kindless</h1>
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<hw>Kind"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <def>Destitute of kindness; unnatural.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Kindless</i> villain."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Kindliness</h1>
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<hw>Kind"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Natural inclination; natural course.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality or state of being kindly; benignity; benevolence; gentleness; tenderness; <as>as, <ex>kindliness</ex> of disposition, of treatment, or of words</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In kind a father, but not in <b>kindliness</b>.
<i>Sackville.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Softness; mildness; propitiousness; <as>as, <ex>kindliness</ex> of weather, or of a season</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Fruits and corn are much advanced by temper of the air and
<b>kindliness</b> of seasons.
<i>Whitlock.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kinding</h1>
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<hw>Kin"ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The of causing to burn, or of exciting or inflaming the passions.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Materials, easily lighted, for starting a fire.</def>

<h1>Kindly</h1>
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<hw>Kind"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Kindlier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Kindliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>cyndelic</ets>. See <er>Kind</er>, <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>According to the kind or nature; natural.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>kindly</b> fruits of the earth.
<i>Book of Com. Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An herd of bulls whom <b>kindly</b> rage doth sting.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whatsoever as the Son of God he may do, it is <b>kindly</b> for
Him as the Son of Man to save the sons of men.
<i>L. Andrews.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Humane; congenial; sympathetic; hence, disposed to do good to; benevolent; gracious; kind; helpful; <as>as, <ex>kindly</ex> affections, words, acts, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>The shade by which my life was crossed, . . .
Has made me <b>kindly</b> with my kind.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Favorable; mild; gentle; auspicious; beneficent.</def>

<blockquote>In soft silence shed the <b>kindly</b> shower.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Should e'er a <b>kindlier</b> time ensue.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; "Nothing ethical was connoted in <i>kindly</i> once: it was simply the adjective of <i>kind</i>. But it is God's ordinance that <i>kind</i> should be <i>kindly</i>, in our modern sense of the word as well; and thus the word has attained this meaning."</note>

<i>Trench.</i>

<h1>Kindly</h1>
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<hw>Kind"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Naturally; fitly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.

<blockquote>Examine how <b>kindly</b> the Hebrew manners of speech mix and incorporate with the English language
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a kind manner; congenially; with good will; with a disposition to make others happy, or to oblige.</def>

<blockquote>Be <b>kindly</b> affectioned one to another, with brotherly love.
<i>Rom. xii. 10. </i></blockquote>

<h1>Kindness</h1>
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<hw>Kind"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Kind</er>. <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being kind, in any of its various senses; manifestation of kind feeling or disposition beneficence.</def>

<blockquote>I do fear thy nature;
It is too full o' the milk of human <b>kindness</b>
To catch the nearest way.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Unremembered acts
Of <b>kindness</b> and of love.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind act; an act of good will; <as>as, to do a great <ex>kindness</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Good will; benignity; grace; tenderness; compassion; humanity; clemency; mildness; gentleness; goodness; generosity; beneficence; favor.</syn>

<h1>Kindred</h1>
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<hw>Kin"dred</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>kinrede</ets>, <ets>kynrede</ets>, <ets>kunreden</ets> (with excrescent <ets>d</ets>), fr. AS. <ets>cunn</ets> kin, race + the termination <?/, akin to AS. <ets><?/dan</ets> to advise, G. <ets>rathen</ets>. Cf. <er>Hatred</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relationship by birth or marriage; consanguinity; affinity; kin.</def>

<blockquote>Like her, of equal <b>kindred</b> to the throne.
<i> Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relatives by blood or marriage, more properly the former; relations; persons related to each other.</def>

<blockquote>I think there's no man is secure
But the queen's <b>kindred</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Kin; kinsfolk; relatives; kinsmen; relations; relationship; affinity.</syn>

<h1>Kindred</h1>
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<hw>Kin"dred</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Related; congenial; of the like nature or properties; <as>as, <ex>kindred</ex> souls; <ex>kindred</ex> skies; <ex>kindred</ex> propositions.</as></def>

<blockquote>True to the <b>kindred</b> points of heaven and home.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kine</h1>
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<hw>Kine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[For older <ets>kyen</ets>, formed like <ets>oxen</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>c<?/</ets>, itself pl. of <ets>c<?/</ets> cow. See <er>Cow</er>, and cf. <er>Kee</er>, <er>Kie</er>.]</ety> <def>Cows.</def> "A herd of fifty or sixty <i>kine</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Kinematic, Kinematical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Kin`e*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Kin`e*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to kinematics.</def>

<cs><col>Kinematic curves</col>, <cd>curves produced by machinery, or a combination of motions, as distinguished from mathematical curves.</cd></cs>

<h1>Kinematics</h1>
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<hw>Kin`e*mat"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. (<?/),(<?/) motion, fr. <?/ to move.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The science which treats of motions considered in themselves, or apart from their causes; the comparison and relation of motions.</def>

<note>&hand; Kinematics forms properly an introduction to mechanics, as involving the mathematical principles which are to be applied to its data of forces.</note>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<h1>Kinepox</h1>
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<hw>Kine"pox`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cowpox</er>.</def>

Kin"e*scope <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Kinetoscope</er></def>.

<h1>Kinesiatrics</h1>
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<hw>Kin`e*si*at"rics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. (<?/) motion (fr. <?/ to move) + (<?/) pertaining to medicine, fr. (<?/) a physician.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A mode of treating disease by appropriate muscular movements; -- also termed <altname>kinesitherapy</altname>, <altname>kinesipathy</altname>, <altname>lingism</altname>, and the <altname>movement cure</altname>.</def>

<h1>Kinesipathy</h1>
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<hw>Kin`e*sip"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ motion + <?/ suffering.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Kinesiatrics</er>.</def>

<h1>Kinesitherapy</h1>
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<hw>Kin`e*si*ther"a*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ motion + <?/ to heal.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Kinesiatrics</er>.</def>

<h1>Kinesipathy</h1>
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<hw>Kin`e*sip"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ motion + <?/ to heal.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Kinesiatrics</er>.</def>

<h1>Kinesodic</h1>
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<hw>Kin`e*sod"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ motion + <?/ way: cf. F. <ets>kin\'82sodigue</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Conveying motion; as; <i>kinesodic</i> substance; -- applied esp. to the spinal cord, because it is capable of conveying doth voluntary and reflex motor impulses, without itself being affected by motor impulses applied to it directly.</def>

<h1>Kinetic</h1>
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<hw>Ki*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>q.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, from <?/ to move.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Moving or causing motion; motory; active, as opposed to latent.</def>

<cs><col>Kinetic energy</col>. <cd>See <er>Energy</er>, <tt>n.</tt> 4.</cd></cs>

<h1>Kinetics</h1>
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<hw>Ki*net"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>See <er>Dynamics</er>.</def>

<h1>Kinetogenesis</h1>
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<hw>Ki*ne`to*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ movable + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for producing curves by the combination of circular movements; -- called also <altname>kinescope</altname>.</def>

<h1>King</h1>
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<hw>King</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Chinese musical instrument, consisting of resonant stones or metal plates, arranged according to their tones in a frame of wood, and struck with a hammer.</def>

<h1>King</h1>
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<hw>King</hw>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[AS. <ets>cyng</ets>, <ets>cyning</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>kining</ets>, D. <ets>koning</ets>, OHG. <ets>kining</ets>, G. <ets>k\'94nig</ets>, Icel. <ets>konungr</ets>, Sw. <ets>koning</ets>, OHG. <ets>kuning</ets>, Dan. <ets>konge</ets>; formed with a patronymic ending, and fr. the root of E. <ets>kin</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>konr</ets> a man of noble birth. <?/. See <er>Kin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chief ruler; a sovereign; one invested with supreme authority over a nation, country, or tribe, usually by hereditary succession; a monarch; a prince. "Ay, every inch a <i>king</i>."</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote><b>Kings</b> will be tyrants from policy, when subjects are rebels from principle.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There was a State without <b>king</b> or nobles.
<i>R. Choate.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But yonder comes the powerful <b>King</b> of Day,
Rejoicing in the east
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who, or that which, holds a supreme position or rank; a chief among competitors; <as>as, a railroad <ex>king</ex>; a money <ex>king</ex>; the <ex>king</ex> of the lobby; the <ex>king</ex> of beasts.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A playing card having the picture of a <i>king</i>; <as>as, the <ex>king</ex> of diamonds</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The chief piece in the game of chess.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A crowned man in the game of draughts.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The title of two historical books in the Old Testament.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>King</i> is often used adjectively, or in combination, to denote <i>pre\'89minence</i> or <i>superiority</i> in some particular; as, <i>king</i>bird; <i>king</i> crow; <i>king</i> vulture.</note>

<cs><col>Apostolic king</col>.<cd>See <er>Apostolic</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>King-at-arms</col>, &or; <col>King-of-arms</col></mcol>, <cd>the chief heraldic officer of a country. In England the <i>king-at-arms<i> was formerly of great authority. His business is to direct the heralds, preside at their chapters, and have the jurisdiction of armory. There are three principal kings-at-arms, viz., Garter, Clarencieux, and Norroy. The latter (literally <i>north roy<i> or <i>north king<i>) officiates north of the Trent.</cd> -- <col>King auk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the little auk or sea dove.</cd> -- <col>King bird of paradise</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>See <er>Bird of paradise</er>.</cd> -- <col>King card</col>, <cd>in whist, the best unplayed card of each suit; thus, if the ace and king of a suit have been played, the queen is the <i>king card<i> of the suit.</cd> -- <col>King Cole</col> , <cd>a legendary king of Britain, who is said to have reigned in the third century.</cd> -- <col>King conch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large and handsome univalve shell (<spn>Cassis cameo</spn>), found in the West Indies. It is used for making cameos. See <cref>Helmet shell</cref>, under <er>Helmet</er>.</cd> -- <col>King Cotton</col>, <cd>a popular personification of the great staple production of the southern United States.</cd> -- <col>King crab</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The limulus or horseshoe crab</cd>. See <er>Limulus</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The large European spider crab or thornback (<spn>Maia sguinado</spn>).</cd> -- <col>King crow</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A black drongo shrike (<spn>Buchanga atra</spn>) of India; -- so called because, while breeding, they attack and drive away hawks, crows, and other large birds</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The <spn>Dicrurus macrocercus</spn> of India, a crested bird with a long, forked tail. Its color is black, with green and blue reflections. Called also <altname>devil bird</altname>.</cd> -- <col>King duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large and handsome eider duck (<spn>Somateria spectabilis</spn>), inhabiting the arctic regions of both continents.</cd> -- <col>King eagle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an eagle (<spn>Aquila heliaca</spn>) found in Asia and Southeastern Europe. It is about as large as the golden eagle. Some writers believe it to be the imperial eagle of Rome.</cd> -- <col>King hake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American hake (<spn>Phycis regius</spn>), fond in deep water along the Atlantic coast.</cd> -- <col>King monkey</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an African monkey(<spn>Colobus polycomus</spn>), inhabiting Sierra Leone.</cd> -- <col>King mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a West Indian red mullet (<spn>Upeneus maculatus</spn>); -- so called on account of its great beauty. Called also <altname>goldfish</altname>.</cd> -- <col>King of terrors</col>, <cd>death.</cd> -- <col>King parrakeet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a handsome Australian parrakeet (<spn>Platycercys scapulatus</spn>), often kept in a cage. Its prevailing color is bright red, with the back and wings bright green, the rump blue, and tail black. -- <col>King penguin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any large species of penguin of the genus <spn>Aptenodytes</spn>; esp., <spn>A. longirostris</spn>, of the Falkland Islands and Kerguelen Land, and <spn>A. Patagonica</spn> , of Patagonia.</cd> -- <col>King rail</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small American rail (<spn>Rallus elegans</spn>), living in fresh-water marshes. The upper parts are fulvous brown, striped with black; the breast is deep cinnamon color.</cd> -- <col>King salmon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the quinnat. See <er>Quinnat</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>King's</col>, &or; <col>Queen's</col>, <col>counsel</col></mcol> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>barristers learned in the law, who have been called within the bar, and selected to be the king's or gueen's counsel. They answer in some measure to the advocates of the revenue (<i>advocati fisci<i>) among the Romans. They can not be employed against the crown without special license. <i>Wharton's Law Dict</i>.</cd> -- <col>King's cushion</col>, <cd>a temporary seat made by two persons crossing their hands. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <i>Halliwell</i>.</cd> -- <col>The king's English</col>, <cd>correct or current language of good speakers; pure English. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>King's</col> &or; <col>Queen's</col>, <col>evidence</col></mcol>, <cd>testimony in favor of the Crown by a witness who confesses his guilt as an accomplice.</cd> See under <er>Evidence</er>. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>King's evil</col></mcol>, <cd>scrofula; -- so called because formerly supposed to be healed by the touch of a king.</cd> -- <col>King snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, nearly black, harmless snake (<spn>Ophiobolus getulus</spn>) of the Southern United States; -- so called because it kills and eats other kinds of snakes, including even the rattlesnake.</cd> -- <col>King's spear</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the white asphodel (<spn>Asphodelus albus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>King's yellow</col>, <cd>a yellow pigment, consisting essentially of sulphide and oxide of arsenic; -- called also <altname>yellow orpiment</altname>.</cd> -- <col>King tody</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small fly-catching bird (<spn>Eurylaimus serilophus</spn>) of tropical America. The head is adorned with a large, spreading, fan-shaped crest, which is bright red, edged with black.</cd> -- <col>King vulture</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large species of vulture (<spn>Sarcorhamphus papa</spn>), ranging from Mexico to Paraguay, The general color is white. The wings and tail are black, and the naked carunculated head and the neck are briliantly colored with scarlet, yellow, orange, and blue. So called because it drives away other vultures while feeding.</cd> -- <col>King wood</col>, <cd>a wood from Brazil, called also <altname>violet wood</altname>, beautifully streaked in violet tints, used in turning and small cabinetwork. The tree is probably a species of <spn>Dalbergia</spn>. See <er>Jacaranda</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>King</h1>
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<hw>King</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kinged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kinging</er>). ]</wordforms> <def>To supply with a king; to make a king of; to raise to royalty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Those traitorous captains of Israel who <b>kinged</b> themselves by slaying their masters and reigning in their stead.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kingbird</h1>
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<hw>King"bird</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small American bird (<spn>Tyrannus</spn>, or <spn>T. Carolinensis</spn>), noted for its courage in attacking larger birds, even hawks and eagles, especially when they approach its nest in the breeding season. It is a typical tyrant flycatcher, taking various insects upon the wing. It is dark ash above, and blackish on the bead and tail. The quills and wing coverts are whitish at the edges. It is white beneath, with a white terminal band on the tail. The feathers on the head of the adults show a bright orange basal spot when erected. Called also <altname>bee bird</altname>, and <altname>bee martin</altname>. Several Southern and Western species of <spn>Tyrannus</spn> are also called king birds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The king tody. See under <er>King</er>.</def>

<h1>Kingbolt</h1>
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<hw>King"bolt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A vertical iron bolt, by which the forward axle and wheels of a vehicle or the trucks of a railroad car are connected with the other parts.</def>

<h1>King Charles spaniel</h1>
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<hw>King Charles span"iel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A variety of small pet dogs, having, drooping ears, a high, dome-shaped forehead, pug nose, large, prominent eyes, and long, wavy hair. The color is usually black and tan.</def>

<h1>Kingcraft</h1>
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<hw>King"craft</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The craft of kings; the art of governing as a sovereign; royal policy.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<h1>Kingcup</h1>
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<hw>King"cup`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common buttercup.</def>

<h1>Kingdom</h1>
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<hw>King"dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cyningd<?/m</ets>. See 2d <er>King</er>, and -<er>dom</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The rank, quality, state, or attributes of a king; royal authority; sovereign power; rule; dominion; monarchy.</def>

<blockquote>Thy <b>kingdom</b> is an everlasting <b>kingdom</b>.
<i>Ps. cxiv. 13. </i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When Jehoram was risen up to the <b>kingdom</b> of his father, he strengthened himself.
<i>2 Chron. xxi. 4. </i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The territory or country subject to a king or queen; the dominion of a monarch; the sphere in which one is king or has control.</def>

<blockquote>Unto the <b>kingdom</b> of perpetual night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You're welcome,
Most learned reverend sir, into our <b>kingdom</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An extensive scientific division distinguished by leading or ruling characteristics; a principal division; a department; <as>as, the mineral <ex>kingdom</ex></as>.</def> "The animal and vegetable <i>kingdoms</i>."

<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Animal kingdom</col>. <cd>See under <er>Animal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Kingdom of God</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The universe</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>That spiritual realm of which God is the acknowledged sovereign</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The authority or dominion of God.</cd> -- <col>Mineral kingdom</col>. <cd>See under <er>Mineral</er>.</cd> -- <col>United Kingdom</col>. <cd>See under <er>United</er>.</cd> -- <col>Vegetable kingdom</col>. <cd>See under <er>Vegetable</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Realm; empire; dominion; monarchy; sovereignty; domain.</syn>

<h1>Kingdomed</h1>
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<hw>King"domed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a kingdom or the dignity of a king; like a kingdom.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>"Twixt his mental and his active parts,
<b>Kingdom'd</b> Achilles in commotion rages
And batters down himself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kingfish</h1>
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<hw>King"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An American marine food fish of the genus <spn>Menticirrus</spn>, especially <spn>M. saxatilis</spn>, or <spn>M. nebulosos</spn>, of the Atlantic coast; -- called also <altname>whiting</altname>, <altname>surf whiting</altname>, and <altname>barb</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The opah.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The common cero; also, the spotted cero. See <er>Cero</er>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The queenfish.</def>

<hr>
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<h1>Kingfisher</h1>
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<hw>King"fish`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of birds constituting the family <spn>Alcedinid\'91</spn>. Most of them feed upon fishes which they capture by diving and seizing then with the beak; others feed only upon reptiles, insects, etc. About one hundred and fifty species are known. They are found in nearly all parts of the world, but are particularly abundant in the East Indies.</def>

<note>&hand; The belted king-fisher of the United States (<spn>Ceryle alcyon</spn>) feeds upon fishes. It is slate-blue above, with a white belly and breast, and a broad white ring around the neck. A dark band crosses the breast. The common European species (<spn>Alcedo ispida</spn>), which is much smaller and brighter colored, is also a fisher. See <er>Alcedo</er>. The wood kingfishers (<spn>Halcyones</spn>), which inhabit forests, especially in Africa, feed largely upon insects, but also eat reptiles, snails, and small Crustacea, as well as fishes. The giant kingfisher of Australia feeds largely upon lizards and insects. See <cref>Laughing jackass</cref>, under <er>Laughing</er>.</note>

<h1>Kinghood</h1>
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<hw>King"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a king; the attributes of a king; kingship.</def>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Kingless</h1>
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<hw>King"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no king.</def>

<i>F. Lieber.</i>

<h1>Kinglet</h1>
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<hw>King"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little king; a weak or insignificant king.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of small singing birds of the genus <spn>Regulus</spn> and family <spn>Sylviid\'91</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; The golden-crowned kinglet (<spn>Regulus satrapa</spn>), and the rubycrowned kinglet (<spn>R. calendula</spn>), are the most common American species. The common English kinglet (<spn>R. cristatus</spn>) is also called <altname>golden-crested wren</altname>, <altname>moonie</altname>, and <altname>marigold finch</altname>. The kinglets are often popularly called <altname>wrens</altname>, both in America and England.</note>

<h1>Kinglihood</h1>
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<hw>King"li*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>King-liness.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Kingliness</h1>
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<hw>King"li*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being kingly.</def>

<h1>Kingling</h1>
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<hw>King"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Kinglet</er>, 1.</def> <i>Churchill</i>.

<h1>Kingly</h1>
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<hw>King"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Kinglier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Kingliest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Belonging to, suitable to, or becoming, a king; characteristic of, resembling, a king; directed or administered by a king; monarchical; royal; sovereign; regal; august; noble; grand.</def> "<i>Kingly</i> magnificence." <i>Sir P. Sidney</i>. "A <i>kingly</i> government." <i>Swift</i>. "The <i>kingly</i> couch."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>kingliest</b> kings are crowned with thorn.
<i>G. Massey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Leave <b>kingly</b> backs to cope with <b>kingly</b> cares.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Regal; royal; monarchical; imperial; august; sovereign; noble; splendid.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Kingly</er>, <er>Regal</er>. <i>Kingly</i> is Anglo-Saxon, and refers especially to the character of a king; <i>regal</i> is Latin, and now relates more to his office. The former is chiefly used of dispositions, feelings, and purposes which are <i>kinglike</i>; as, <i>kingly</i> sentiments; <i>kingly</i> condescension; " a <i>kingly</i> heart for enterprises." <i>Sir P. Sidney</i>. The latter is oftener applied to external state, pomp, etc.; as, <i>regal</i> state, <i>regal</i> title, etc. This distinction is not observed by our early writers, but is gaining ground.</usage>

<h1>Kingly</h1>
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<hw>King"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a kingly or kinglike manner.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Low bowed the rest; he, <b>kingly</b>, did but nod.
<i>Pore.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Although this citation, one from Paradise Lost, and one from Shakespeare's ll4th Sonnet are given by lexicographers as examples of adverbial use, it is by no means clear that the word is not an adjective in each instance.</note>

<h1>King-post</h1>
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<hw>King"-post`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A member of a common form of truss, as a roof truss. It is strictly a tie, intended to prevent the sagging of the tiebeam in the middle. If there are struts, supporting the main rafters, they often bear upon the foot of the king-post. Called also <altname>crown-post</altname>.</def>

<h1>King's Bench</h1>
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<hw>King's Bench</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Formerly, the highest court of common law in England; -- so called because the king used to sit there in person. It consisted of a chief justice and four puisne, or junior, justices. During the reign of a queen it was called the <altname>Queen's Bench</altname>. Its jurisdiction was transferred by the judicature acts of 1873 and 1875 to the high court of justice created by that legislation.</def>

<h1>Kingship</h1>
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<hw>King"ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state, office, or dignity of a king; royalty.</def>

<i>Landor.</i>

<h1>Kingston, Kingstone</h1>
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<hw><hw>King"ston</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>King"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The black angel fish. See <cref>Angel fish</cref>, under <er>Angel</er>.</def>

<h1>Kingston metal</h1>
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<hw>King"ston met"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. An alloy of tin, copper, and mercury, sometimes used for the bearings and packings of machinery.</def>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<h1>Kingston valve</h1>
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<hw>King"ston valve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Marine Steam Engin.)</fld> <def>A conical valve, opening outward, to close the mouth of a pipe which passes through the side of a vessel below the water line.</def>

<h1>Kingtruss</h1>
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<hw>King"truss`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A truss, framed with a king-post; -- used in roofs, bridges, etc.</def>

<h1>Kinic</h1>
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<hw>Ki"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.<ets>kinique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Quinic</er>.</def>

<h1>Kink</h1>
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<hw>Kink</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>kink</ets> a bend or turn, or Sw. <ets>kink</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A twist or loop in a rope or thread, caused by a spontaneous doubling or winding upon itself; a close loop or curl; a doubling in a cord.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An unreasonable notion; a crotchet; a whim; a caprice.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Cozzens.</i>

<h1>Kink</h1>
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<hw>Kink</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kinked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kinking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To wind into a kink; to knot or twist spontaneously upon itself, as a rope or thread.</def>

<h1>Kink</h1>
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<hw>Kink</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Chincough</er>, <er>Kink-haust</er>.]</ety> <def>A fit of coughing; also, a convulsive fit of laughter.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Kinkajou</h1>
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<hw>Kin"ka*jou`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>kinkajou</ets>, <ets>quincajou</ets>, from the native American name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A nocturnal carnivorous mammal (<spn>Cercoleptes caudivolvulus</spn>) of South America, about as large as a full-grown cat. It has a prehensile tail and lives in trees. It is the only representative of a distinct family (<spn>Cercoleptid\'91</spn>) allied to the raccoons. Called also <altname>potto</altname>, and <altname>honey bear</altname>.</def>

<h1>Kinkhaust</h1>
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<hw>Kink"haust`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>kink</ets> to gasp (cf. <er>Chin cough</er>) + <ets>haust</ets> a cough (akin to E. <ets>wheeze</ets>).]</ety> <def>Whooping cough.</def> <mark>[Obs.or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Kinkle</h1>
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<hw>Kin"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as 3d <er>Kink</er>.</def>

<h1>Kinky</h1>
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<hw>Kink"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of kinks; liable to kink or curl; <as>as, <ex>kinky</ex> hair</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Queer; eccentric; crotchety.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Kinnikinic</h1>
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<hw>Kin`ni*ki*nic"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Indian, literally, a mixture.]</ety> <def>Prepared leaves or bark of certain plants; -- used by the Indians of the Northwest for smoking, either mixed with tobacco or as a substitute for it. Also, a plant so used, as the osier cornel (<spn>Cornus stolonijra</spn>), and the bearberry (<spn>Arctostaphylus Uva-ursi</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Spelled also <asp>kinnickinnick</asp> and <asp>killikinick</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kino</h1>
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<hw>Ki"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The dark red dried juice of certain plants, used variously in tanning, in dyeing, and as an astringent in medicine.</def>

<note>&hand; The chief supply is from an East Indian leguminous tree, the <spn>Pterocarpus Marsupium</spn>. Other sources are the African <spn>Pterocarpus erinaceus</spn>, the tropical American sea grape (<spn>Coccoloba uvifera</spn>), and several Australian Eucalypti. See <cref>Botany bay kino</cref>, under <er>Botany bay</er>, <cref>Gum butea</cref>, under <er>Gum</er>, and <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</note>

<h1>Kinology</h1>
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<hw>Ki*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to move + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of physics which treats of the laws of motion, or of moving bodies.</def>
<-- kinetics? mechanics? -->

<h1>Kinone</h1>
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<hw>Ki"none</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Quinone</er>.</def>

<h1>Kinoyl</h1>
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<hw>Ki"noyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Quinoyl</er>.</def>

<h1>Kinrede</h1>
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<hw>Kin"rede</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Kindred.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Kinsfolk</h1>
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<hw>Kins"folk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Relatives; kindred; kin; persons of the same family or closely or closely related families.</def>

<blockquote>They sought him among their <b>kinsfolk</b> and acquaintance.
<i>Luke ii. 44. </i></blockquote>

<h1>Kinship</h1>
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<hw>Kin"ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Family relationship.</def>

<h1>Kinsman</h1>
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<hw>Kins"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Kinsmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man of the same race or family; one related by blood.</def>

<h1>Kinsmanship</h1>
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<hw>Kins"man*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Kinship.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Kinswoman</h1>
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<hw>Kins"wom`an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Kinswomen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A female relative.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Kintlidge</h1>
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<hw>Kint"lidge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Kentledge</er>.</def>

<h1>Kiosk</h1>
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<hw>Ki*osk"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk. <ets>kiushk</ets>, <ets>ki\'94shk</ets>, Per. <ets>k<?/shk</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Turkish open summer house or pavilion, supported by pillars.</def>

<-- 2. A small structure, typically located on a street and sometimes in a parking lot, with one or more open sides, used to vend merchandise, such as newspapers, or services, such as key duplication or film developing.(MW10 s. 2) -->

<h1>Kioways</h1>
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<hw>Ki"o*ways`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Kioway</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</sing> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians distantly related to the Shoshones. They formerly inhabited the region about the head waters of the North Platte.</def>

<h1>Kip</h1>
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<hw>Kip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The hide of a young or small beef creature, or leather made from it; kipskin.</def>

<cs><col>Kip leather.</col> <cd>See <er>Kipskin</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Kipe</h1>
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<hw>Kipe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>kipen</ets> to catch, Icel. <ets>kippa</ets> to pull, snatch. Cf. <er>Kipper</er>.]</ety> <def>An osier basket used for catching fish.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Kipper</h1>
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<hw>Kip"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>kippen</ets> to hatch, snatch, seize. Cf. <er>Kipe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A salmon after spawning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A salmon split open, salted, and dried or smoked; -- so called because salmon after spawning were usually so cured, not being good when fresh.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<cs><col>Kipper time</col>, <cd>the season in which fishing for salmon is forbidden. <mark>[Eng. & Scot.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Kipper</h1>
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<hw>Kip"per</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kippered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kippering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cure, by splitting, salting, and smoking.</def> "<i>Kippered</i> salmon."

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Kipper</h1>
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<hw>Kip"per</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Amorous; also, lively; light-footed; nimble; gay; sprightly.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark><-- = chipper? -->

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Kippernut</h1>
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<hw>Kip"per*nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to earthnuts of several kinds.</def>

<h1>Kipskin</h1>
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<hw>Kip"skin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Kip</ets> + <ets>skin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Leather prepared from the skin of young or small cattle, intermediate in grade between calfskin and cowhide.</def>

<h1>Kirk</h1>
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<hw>Kirk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot.; cf. Icel. <ets>kirkja</ets>, of Greek origin. See <er>Church</er>.]</ety> <def>A church or the church, in the various senses of the word; esp., the Church of Scotland as distinguished from other reformed churches, or from the Roman Catholic Church.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Kirked</h1>
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<hw>Kirked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Turned upward; bent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Kirkman</h1>
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<hw>Kirk"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Kirkmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A clergyman or officer in a kirk.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of the Church of Scotland, as distinguished from a member of another communion.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Kirkyard</h1>
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<hw>Kirk"yard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A churchyard.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Kirmess</h1>
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<hw>Kir"mess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>kermis</ets>; cf. G. <ets>kirmes</ets>; prop., church mass. See <er>Church</er>, and <er>Mass</er> a religious service.]</ety> <def>In Europe, particularly in Belgium and Holland, and outdoor festival and fair; in the United States, generally an indoor entertainment and fair combined.</def>

<h1>Kirschwasser</h1>
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<hw>Kirsch"was`ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., fr. <ets>kirsche cherry + wasser</ets> water.]</ety> <def>An alcoholic liquor, obtained by distilling the fermented juice of the small black cherry.</def>

<h1>Kirsome</h1>
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<hw>Kir"some</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted from <ets>chrisom</ets>.]</ety> <def>Christian; christened.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I am a true <b>kirsome</b> woman.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kirtle</h1>
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<hw>Kir"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>kirtel</ets>, <ets>curtel</ets>, AS. <ets>cyrtel</ets>; skin to Icel. <ets>kyrtill</ets>, Sw. <ets>kjortel</ets>, Dan. <ets>kiortel</ets>, <ets>kiole</ets>.]</ety> <def>A garment varying in form and use at different times, and worn doth by men and women.</def>

<blockquote>Wearing her Norman car, and her <b>kirtle</b> of blue.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The term is still retained in the provinces, in the sense of " an outer petticoat."</note>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Kirtled</h1>
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<hw>Kir"tled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing a kirtle.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Kirumbo</h1>
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<hw>Ki*rum"bo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of Madagascar (<spn>Leptosomus discolor</spn>), the only living type of a family allied to the rollers. It has a pair of loral plumes. The male is glossy green above, with metallic reflections; the female is spotted with brown and black.</def>

<h1>Kish</h1>
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<hw>Kish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>kies</ets> gravel, pyrites.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A workman's name for the graphite which forms incidentally in iron smelting.</def>

<h1>Kismet</h1>
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<hw>Kis"met</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>qismat</ets>.]</ety> <def>Destiny; fate.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kismat</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Oriental]</mark>

<h1>Kiss</h1>
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<hw>Kiss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kissed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kissing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>kissen</ets>, <ets>cussen</ets>, AS. <ets>cyssan</ets>, fr. <ets>coss</ets> a kiss; of uncertain origin; akin to D. <ets>kus</ets>, G. <ets>kuss</ets>, Icel. <ets>koss</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To salute with the lips, as a mark of affection, reverence, submission, forgiveness, etc.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . <b>kissed</b> her lips with such a clamorous smack,
That at the parting all the church echoed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To touch gently, as if fondly or caressingly.</def>

<blockquote>When the sweet wind did gently <b>kiss</b> the trees.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kiss</h1>
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<hw>Kiss</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make or give salutation with the lips in token of love, respect, etc.; <as>as, <ex>kiss</ex> and make friends</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To meet; to come in contact; to touch fondly.</def>

<blockquote>Like fire and powder,
Which as they <b>kiss</b> consume.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Rose, rose and clematis,
Trail and twine and clasp and <b>kiss</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Kissing comfit</col>, <cd>a perfumed sugarplum to sweeten the breath. <mark>[Obs or Prov. End.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Kiss</h1>
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<hw>Kiss</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>kiss</ets>, derived under the influence of the verb from the older form <ets>coss</ets>, AS. <ets>coss</ets>. See <er>Kiss</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A salutation with the lips, as a token of affection, respect, etc.; <as>as, a parting <ex>kiss</ex>; a <ex>kiss</ex> of reconciliation.</as></def>

<blockquote>Last with a <b>kiss</b>, she took a long farewell.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Dear as remembered <b>kisses</b> after death.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small piece of confectionery.</def>

<h1>Kisser</h1>
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<hw>Kiss"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who kisses.</def>

<i>Beau. &  Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kissingcrust</h1>
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<hw>Kiss"ing*crust`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>The portion of the upper crust of a loaf which has touched another loaf in baking.</def>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<blockquote>A massy fragment from the rich <b>kissingcrust</b> that hangs like a fretted cornice from the upper half of the loaf.
<i>W. Howitt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kist</h1>
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<hw>Kist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Chest</er>.]</ety> <def>A chest; hence, a coffin.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. End.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson. Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Kist</h1>
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<hw>Kist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>gist</ets>.]</ety> <def>A stated payment, especially a payment of rent for land; hence, the time for such payment.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Kistvaen</h1>
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<hw>Kist"vaen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>cist-faen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch\'91ol.)</fld> <def>A Celtic monument, commonly known as a <altname>dolmen</altname>.</def>

<h1>Kit</h1>
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<hw>Kit</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Kitte</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cut. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</def>

<h1>t</h1>
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<hw>t</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Kitten</er>.]</ety> <def>A kitten.</def>

<cs><col>Kit fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small burrowing fox (<spn>Vulpes velox</spn>), inhabiting the region of the Rocky Mountains. It is brownish gray, reddish on the breast and flanks, and white below. Called also <altname>swift fox</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Kit</h1>
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<hw>Kit</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gf. AS. <ets>cytere</ets> harp, L. <ets>cithara</ets>. Cf. <er>Guitar</er>.]</ety> <def>A small violin.</def> "A dancing master's <i>kit</i>."

<i>Grew.</i>

<blockquote>Prince Turveydrop then tinkled the strings of his <b>kit</b> with his fingers, and the young ladies stood up to dance.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kit</h1>
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<hw>Kit</hw>, <tt>m.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>kit</ets> a large bottle, OD. <ets>kitte</ets> beaker, decanter.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large bottle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wooden tub or pail, smaller at the top than at the bottom; <as>as, a <ex>kit</ex> of butter, or of mackerel</as>.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>straw or rush basket for fish; also, any kind of basket.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A box for working implements; hence, a working outfit, as of a workman, a soldier, and the like.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A group of separate parts, things, or individuals; -- used with <i>whole</i>, and generally contemptuously; <as>as, the whole <ex>kit</ex> of them</as>.</def>
<-- now: the whole kit and kaboodle -->

<h1>Kitcat</h1>
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<hw>Kit"cat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Designating a club in London, to which Addison and Steele belonged; -- so called from <i>Christopher Cat</i>, a pastry cook, who served the club with mutton pies.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Designating a canvas used for portraits of a peculiar size, viz., twenty-right or twenty-nine inches by thirtysix; -- so called because that size was adopted by Sir Godfrey Kneller for the portraits he painted of the members of the <i>Kitcal</i> Club.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Kitcat</h1>
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<hw>Kit"cat`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A game played by striking with a stick small piece of wood, called a <i>cat</i>, shaped like two coned united at their bases; tipcat.</def>

<i>Cotton.</i>

<cs><col>Kitcat roll</col> <fld>(Agric.)</fld>, <cd>a roller somewhat in the form of two cones set base to base. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Kitchen</h1>
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<hw>Kitch"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>kichen</ets>, <ets>kichene</ets>, <ets>kuchene</ets>, AS. <ets>cycene</ets>, L. <ets>coquina</ets>, equiv. to <ets>culina</ets> a kitchen, fr. <ets>coquinus</ets> pertaining to cooking, fr. <ets>coquere</ets> to cook. See <er>Cook</er> to prepare food, and cf. <er>Cuisine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cookroom; the room of a house appropriated to cookery.</def>

<blockquote>Cool was his <b>kitchen</b>, though his brains were hot.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A fat <b>kitchen</b> makes a lean will.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A utensil for roasting meat; <as>as, a tin <ex>kitchen</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Kitchen garden</col>. <cd>See under <er>Garden</er>.</cd> -- <col>Kitchen lee</col>, <cd>dirty soapsuds.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " A brazen tub of <i>kitchen lee<i>." <i>Ford</i>. -- <col>Kitchen stuff</col>, <cd>fat collected from pots and pans.</cd></cs>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Kitchen</h1>
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<hw>Kitch"en</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish food to; to entertain with the fare of the kitchen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Kitchener</h1>
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<hw>Kitch"en*er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kitchen servant; a cook.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Kitchenmaid</h1>
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<hw>Kitch"en*maid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman employed in the kitchen.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<hr>
<page="816">
Page 816<p>

<h1>Kitchen middens</h1>
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<hw>Kitch"en mid`dens</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Dan. <ets>kj\'94k-kenm\'94ddings</ets> kitchen leavings; cf. Scot. <ets>midden</ets> a dunghill.]</ety> <def>Relics of neolithic man found on the coast of Denmark, consisting of shell mounds, some of which are ten feet high, one thousand feet long, and two hundred feet wide. The name is applied also to similar mounds found on the American coast from Canada to Florida, made by the North American Indians.</def>

<h1>Kitchen-ry</h1>
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<hw>Kitch"en-ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The body of servants employed in the kitchen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Kite</h1>
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<hw>Kite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>kyte</ets>, AS.<ets>c<?/ta</ets>; cf. W. <ets>cud</ets>, <ets>cut</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any raptorial bird of the subfamily <spn>Milvin\'91</spn>, of which many species are known. They have long wings, adapted for soaring, and usually a forked tail.</def>

<note>&hand; The European species are <spn>Milvus ictinus</spn> and <spn>M. govinda</spn>; the sacred or Brahmany kite of India is <spn>Haliastur Indus</spn>; the American fork-tailed kite is the <spn>Nauclerus furcatus</spn>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig. : One who is rapacious.</def>

<blockquote>Detested <b>kite</b>, <b>thou liest</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A light frame of wood or other material covered with paper or cloth, for flying in the air at the end of a string.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A lofty sail, carried only when the wind is light</def>.

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A quadrilateral, one of whose diagonals is an axis of symmetry.</def>

<i>Henrici.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Fictitious commercial paper used for raising money or to sustain credit, as a check which represents no deposit in bank, or a bill of exchange not sanctioned by sale of goods; an accommodation check or bill.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The brill.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. ]</mark>

<cs><col>Flying kites</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Flying</er>.</cd> -- <col>Kite falcon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an African falcon of the genus <spn>Avicida</spn>, having some resemblance to a kite.</cd></cs>

<h1>Kite</h1>
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<hw>Kite</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To raise money by "kites;" <as>as, <ex>kiting</ex> transactions. See <er>Kite</er>, 6</as>.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<h1>Kite</h1>
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<hw>Kite</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The belly.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Kiteflying, n. <def>A mode of raising money, or sustaining one's credit, by the use of paper which is merely nominal; -- called also <altname>kiting</altname>.</def> -- Kiteflier</h1>
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<hw>Kite"fly`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mode of raising money, or sustaining one's credit, by the use of paper which is merely nominal; -- called also <altname>kiting</altname>.</def> -- <hw>Kite"fli`er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Kite</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 6.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<i>McElrath. Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Kith</h1>
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<hw>Kith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>kith</ets>, <ets>cu<?/</ets>, AS. c<?/<?/<?/e, c<?/<?/, native land, fr. <ets>c<?/<?/</ets> known. <?/ See <er>Uncouth</er>, <er>Can</er>, and cf. <er>Kythe</er>.]</ety> <def>Acquaintance; kindred.</def>

<blockquote>And my near <b>kith</b> for sore me shend.
<i> W. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The sage of his <b>kith</b> and the hamlet.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Kith and kin</col>, <cd>kindred more or less remote.</cd></cs>

<h1>Kithara</h1>
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<hw>Kith"a*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cithara</er>.</def>

<h1>Kithe</h1>
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<hw>Kithe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Kythe</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Kitish</h1>
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<hw>Kit"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or relating to a kite.</def>

<h1>Kitling</h1>
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<hw>Kit"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Kit</ets> a kitten + ling: cf. Icel. <ets>ketlingr</ets>.]</ety> <def>A young kitten; a whelp.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Kitte</h1>
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<hw>Kit"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Kit</er> to cut.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Kittel</h1>
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<hw>Kit"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Kittle</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Kitten</h1>
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<hw>Kit"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>kiton</ets>, a dim. of <ets>cat</ets>; cf. G.<ets>kitze</ets> a young cat, also a female cat, and F. <ets>chaton</ets>, dim. of <ets>chat</ets> cat, also E. <ets>kitling</ets>. See <er>Cat</er>.]</ety> <def>A young cat.</def>

<h1>Kitten</h1>
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<hw>Kit"ten</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kittened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kittening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring forth young, as a cat; to bring forth, as kittens.</def>

<i>Shak. H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Kittenish</h1>
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<hw>Kit"ten*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a kitten; playful; <as>as, a <ex>kittenish</ex> disposition</as>.</def>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<h1>Kittiwake</h1>
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<hw>Kit"ti*wake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A northern gull (<spn>Rissa tridactyla</spn>), inhabiting the coasts of Europe and America. It is white, with black tips to the wings, and has but three toes.</def>

<h1>Kittle</h1>
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<hw>Kit"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Kit</er> a kitten.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>To bring forth young, as a cat; to kitten; to litter.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Kittle</h1>
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<hw>Kit"tle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>citelian</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kittelen</ets>, G. <ets>kitzeln</ets>, Icel. <ets>kitla</ets>, Sw. <ets>kittla</ets>, <ets>kittsla</ets>, Dan. <ets>kildre</ets>. Cf. <er>Tickle</er>.]</ety> <def>To tickle.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kittel</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Halliwell. Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Kittle</h1>
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<hw>Kit"tle</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ticklish; not easily managed; troublesome; difficult; variable.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell. Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Kittlish</h1>
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<hw>Kit"tlish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ticklish; kittle.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Kittysol</h1>
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<hw>Kit*ty*sol"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>quitasol</ets>.]</ety> <def>The Chinese paper parasol.</def>

<h1>Kive</h1>
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<hw>Kive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mash vat. See <er>Keeve</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Kiver</h1>
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<hw>Kiv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A cover.</def> <mark>[Disused except in illiterate speech.]</mark></def2>

<h1>Kivikivi, Kiwikiwi</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ki`vi*ki"vi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ki`wi*ki"wi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Kivikivies</plw> (<?/), <plw>Kiwikiwies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of Apteryx, esp. <spn>A. australis</spn>; -- so called in imitation of its notes. Called also <altname>kiwi</altname>. See <er>Apteryx</er>.

<h1>Kjoekken moeddings</h1>
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<hw>Kjoek"ken moed`dings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Dan.]</ety> <def>See <er>Kitchen middens</er>.</def>

<h1>Klamaths</h1>
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<hw>Kla"maths</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Klamath</singw></sing> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A collective name for the Indians of several tribes formerly living along the Klamath river, in California and Oregon, but now restricted to a reservation at Klamath Lake; -- called also <altname>Clamets</altname> and <altname>Hamati</altname>.</def>

<h1>Kleeneboc</h1>
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<hw>Kleene"boc`</hw> <tt>(kl&emac;n"b&ocr;k`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>kleen</ets> little, small + <ets>bok</ets> buck.]</ety> <def>(Zo\'94l.) An antelope (<spn>Cerphalopus pygm\'91us</spn>), found in South Africa. It is of very small size, being but one foot high at shoulder. It is remarkable for its activity, and for its mild and timid disposition. Called also <altname>guevi</altname>, and <altname>pygmy antelope</altname>.</def>

<h1>Kleptomania</h1>
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<hw>Klep`to*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thief + E. <ets>mani</ets>a.]</ety> <def>A propensity to steal, claimed to be irresistible. This does not constitute legal irresponsibility.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Kleptomaniac</h1>
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<hw>Klep`to*ma"ni*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person affected with kleptomania.</def>

<h1>Klick</h1>
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<hw>Klick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Click</er>.</def>

<h1>Klicket</h1>
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<hw>Klick"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Clicket</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A small postern or gate in a palisade, for the passage of sallying parties.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>klinket</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Klinkstone</h1>
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<hw>Klink"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Clinkstone</er>.</def>

<h1>Klinometer</h1>
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<hw>Kli*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Clinometer</er>.</def>

<h1>Klipdas, Klipdachs</h1>
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<hw><hw>Klip"das</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Klip"dachs`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>klip cliff + das</ets> badger, akin to G. <ets>dachs</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small mammal (<spn>Hyrax Capensis</spn>), found in South Africa. It is of about the size of a rabbit, and closely resembles the daman. Called also <altname>rock rabbit</altname>.</def>

<h1>Klipfish</h1>
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<hw>Klip"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dried cod, exported from Norway.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>clipfish</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Klipspringer</h1>
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<hw>Klip"spring`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D., lit., cliff springer.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, graceful South African antelope (<spn>Nanotragus oreotragus</spn>), which, like the chamois, springs from one crag to another with great agility; -- called also <altname>kainsi</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>klippspringer</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kloof</h1>
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<hw>Kloof</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. See <er>Clove</er> a cleft.]</ety> <def>A glen; a ravine closed at its upper end.</def> <mark>[South Africa]</mark>

<h1>Klopemania</h1>
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<hw>Klo`pe*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ theft + E. <ets>mania</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Kleptomania</er>.</def>

<h1>Knab</h1>
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<hw>Knab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Knabbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Knabbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Nab</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Knap</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To seize with the teeth; to gnaw.</def> "<i>Knabbing</i> crusts." <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To nab. See <er>Nab</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Knabble</h1>
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<hw>Knab"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>knab</ets>.]</ety> <def>To bite or nibble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Horses will <b>knabble</b> at walls, and rats gnaw iron.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knack</h1>
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<hw>Knack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Prob. of imitative origin; cf. G. <ets>knacken</ets> to break, Dan. <ets>knage</ets> to crack, and E. <ets>knock</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To crack; to make a sharp, abrupt noise to chink.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To speak affectedly.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Knack</h1>
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<hw>Knack</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A petty contrivance; a toy; a plaything; a knickknack.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>knack</b>, a toy, a trick, a baby's cap.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A readiness in performance; aptness at doing something; skill; facility; dexterity.</def>

<blockquote>The fellow . . . has not the <b>knack</b> with his shears.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The dean was famous in his time,
And had a kind of <b>knack</b> at rhyme.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Something performed, or to be done, requiring aptness and dexterity; a trick; a device.</def> "The <i>knacks</i> of japers."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>For how should equal colors do the <b>knack</b> !
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knacker</h1>
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<hw>Knack"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who makes knickknacks, toys, etc.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of two or more pieces of bone or wood held loosely between the fingers, and struck together by moving the hand; -- called also <altname>clapper</altname>.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Knacker</h1>
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<hw>Knack"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel.<ets>hnakkr</ets> a saddle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>a harness maker.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who slaughters worn-out horses and sells their flesh for dog's meat.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Knackish</h1>
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<hw>Knack"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Trickish; artful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Knack"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Dr. H. More</i>.</wordforms>

<h1>Knack-kneed</h1>
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<hw>Knack"-kneed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Knock-kneed</er>.</def>

<h1>Knacky</h1>
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<hw>Knack"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a knack; cunning; crafty; trickish.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Knag</h1>
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<hw>Knag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. G. <ets>knagge</ets> a knot in wood, Sw. <ets>knagg</ets>, Dan. <ets>knag</ets> a hook to hand clothes on, a bracket; Gael. & Ir. <ets>cnag</ets> peg, knob.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A knot in wood; a protuberance.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wooden peg for hanging things on.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The prong of an antler</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The rugged top of a hill.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Knagged</h1>
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<hw>Knag"ged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of knots; knaggy.</def>

<h1>Knaggy</h1>
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<hw>Knag"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Knotty; rough; figuratively, rough in temper.</def> <i>Fuller</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Knag"gi*ness</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Knap</h1>
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<hw>Knap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cn\'91p</ets>, <ets>cn\'91pp</ets>, top, knob, button; cf. Icel. <ets>knappr</ets> knob, Sw. <ets>knapp</ets>, Dan. <ets>knap</ets> button, W., Gael., & Ir. <ets>cnap</ets> knob, button, and E. <ets>knop</ets>.]</ety> <def>A protuberance; a swelling; a knob; a button; hence, rising ground; a summit. See <er>Knob</er>, and <er>Knop</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The highest part and <b>knap</b> of the same island.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knap</h1>
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<hw>Knap</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Knapped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. &  vb. n.</tt> <er>Knapping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D. <ets>knappen</ets> to chew, bite, crack, take hold of; prob. of imitative origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bite; to bite off; to break short.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng. ]</mark>

<blockquote>He will <b>knap</b> the spears apieces with his teeth.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He breaketh the bow, and <b>knappeth</b> the spear in sunder.
<i>Ps. xlvi. 9 (Book of Common Prayer.)</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strike smartly; to rap; to snap.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Knap</h1>
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<hw>Knap</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a sound of snapping.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Knap</h1>
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<hw>Knap</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sharp blow or slap.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Knapbottle</h1>
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<hw>Knap"bot`tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The bladder campion (<spn>Silene inflata</spn>).</def>

<h1>Knappish</h1>
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<hw>Knap"pish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Knap</er> to strike.]</ety> <def>Snappish; peevish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Grafton.</i>

<h1>Knapple</h1>
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<hw>Knap"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>knap</ets>, <tt>v.</tt>, cf. D. <ets>knabbelen</ets> to gnaw.]</ety> <def>To break off with an abrupt, sharp noise; to bite; to nibble.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Knappy</h1>
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<hw>Knap"py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having knaps; full of protuberances or humps; knobby.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Huloet.</i>

<h1>Knapsack</h1>
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<hw>Knap"sack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>knapzak</ets>; <ets>knappen</ets> to eat + <ets>zak</ets> a bag. See <er>Knap</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and <er>Sack</er>.]</ety> <def>A case of canvas or leather, for carrying on the back a soldier's necessaries, or the clothing, etc., of a traveler.</def>

<blockquote>And each one fills his <b>knapsack</b> or his scrip
With some rare thing that on the field is found.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knapweed</h1>
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<hw>Knap"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The black centaury (<spn>Centaurea nigra</spn>); -- so called from the knoblike heads of flowers. Called also <altname>bullweed</altname>.</def>

<h1>Knar</h1>
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<hw>Knar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gnar</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Knarl</h1>
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<hw>Knar"l</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A knot in wood. See <er>Gnarl</er>.</def>

<h1>Knarled</h1>
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<hw>Knarled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Knotted. See <er>Gnarled</er>.</def>

<h1>Knarred</h1>
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<hw>Knarred</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Knotty; gnarled.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>knarred</b> and crooked cedar knees.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knarry</h1>
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<hw>Knar"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Knotty; gnarled.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Knave</h1>
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<hw>Knave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE., boy, servant, knave, AS. <ets>cnafa</ets> boy, youth; cf. AS. <ets>cnapa</ets> boy, youth, D. <ets>kna<?/p</ets>, G. <ets>knabe</ets> boy, <ets>knappe</ets> esquire, Icel. <ets>knapi</ets>, Sw. <ets>knape</ets> esquire, <ets>kn\'84fvel</ets> knave.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A boy; especially, a boy servant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif. Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>O murderous slumber,
Lay'st thou thy leaden mace upon my boy
That plays thee music ? Gentle <b>knave</b>, good night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any male servant; a menial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>He's but Fortune's <b>knave</b>,
A minister of her will.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A tricky, deceitful fellow; a dishonest person; a rogue; a villain.</def> "A pair of crafty <i>knaves</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>In defiance of demonstration, <b>knaves</b> will continue to proselyte fools.
<i>Ames.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; "How many serving lads must have been unfaithful and dishonest before <i>knave</i> -which meant at first no more than boy -- acquired the meaning which it has now !"</note>

<i>Trench.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A playing card marked with the figure of a servant or soldier; a jack.</def>

<cs><col>Knave child</col>, <cd>a male child. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Villain; cheat; rascal; rogue; scoundrel; miscreant.</syn>

<h1>Knavery</h1>
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<hw>Knav"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Knaveries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The practices of a knave; petty villainy; fraud; trickery; a knavish action.</def>

<blockquote>This is flat <b>knavery</b>, to take upon you another man's name.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Roguish or mischievous tricks.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Knaveship</h1>
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<hw>Knave"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small due, in meal, established by usage, which is paid to the under miller.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Knavess</h1>
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<hw>Knav"ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A knavish woman.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Knavish</h1>
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<hw>Knav"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Like or characteristic of a knave; given to knavery; trickish; fraudulent; dishonest; villainous; <as>as, a <ex>knavish</ex> fellow, or a <ex>knavish</ex> trick</as>.</def> "<i>Knavish</i> politicians."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mischievous; roguish; waggish.</def>

<blockquote>Cupid is <b>knavish</b> lad,
Thus to make poor females mad.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knavishly</h1>
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<hw>Knav"ish*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a knavish manner; dishonestly; fraudulently.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mischievously; waggishly; roguishly.</def> "<i>Knavishly</i> witty."

<i>Gayton.</i>

<h1>KNavishness</h1>
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<hw>KNav"ish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being knavish; knavery; dishonesty.</def>

<h1>Knaw</h1>
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<hw>Knaw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Gnaw</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Knawel</h1>
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<hw>Knaw"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to G. <ets>knauelk</ets>, <ets>kn\'84uel</ets>,prop., a ball of thread, coil. Cf. <er>Clew</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A low, spreading weed (<spn>Scleranthus annuus</spn>), common in sandy soil.</def>

<h1>Knead</h1>
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<hw>Knead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kneaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kneading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>kneden</ets>, As. <ets>cnedan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kneden</ets>, G. <ets>kneten</ets>, Sw. <ets>kn<?/da</ets>, Icel. <ets>kno<?/a</ets>; cf. OSlav.<ets>gnesti</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To work and press into a mass, usually with the hands; esp., to work, as by repeated pressure with the knuckles, into a well mixed mass, as the materials of bread, cake, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>knead</ex> dough</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>kneading</b>, the making of the cake, the heating of the oven, and the baking.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To treat or form as by kneading; to beat.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>knead</b> him : I'll make him supple.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Kneading trough</col>, <cd>a trough or tray in which dough is kneaded.</cd></cs>

<i>Ex. viii. 3.</i>

<h1>Kneadable</h1>
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<hw>Knead"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be kneaded; capable of being worked into a mass.</def>

<h1>Kneader</h1>
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<hw>Knead"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who kneads.</def>

<h1>Kneadingly</h1>
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<hw>Knead"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of one kneading.</def>

<h1>Knebelite</h1>
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<hw>Kne"bel*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Major von <ets>Knebel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a gray, red, brown, or green color, and glistening luster. It is a silicate of iron and manganese.</def>

<h1>Kneck</h1>
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<hw>Kneck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The twisting of a rope or cable, as it is running out.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Knee</h1>
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<hw>Knee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>kne</ets>, <ets>cneo</ets>, As. <ets>cne\'a2</ets>, <ets>cne\'a2w</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>knio</ets>, <ets>kneo</ets>, OFries. <ets>kn\'c6</ets>, G. & D. <ets>knie</ets>, OHG. <ets>chniu</ets>, <ets>chneo</ets>, Icel. <ets>kn<?/</ets>, Sw. <ets>kn\'84</ets>,Dan. <ets>kn\'91</ets>, Goth. <ets>kniu</ets>, L.<ets>genu</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr.<ets>j\'benu</ets>, <ets><?/</ets> Cf. <er>Genuflection</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In man, the joint in the middle part of the leg.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The joint, or region of the joint, between the thigh and leg.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In the horse and allied animals, the carpal joint, corresponding to the wrist in man.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech. & Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A piece of timber or metal formed with an angle somewhat in the shape of the human knee when bent.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A bending of the knee, as in respect or courtesy.</def>

<blockquote>Give them title, <b>knee</b>, and approbation.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Knee breeches</col>. <cd>See under <er>Breeches</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Knee holly</col>, <col>Knee holm</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>butcher's broom.</cd> -- <col>Knee jerk</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <cd>a jerk or kick produced by a blow or sudden strain upon the patellar tendon of the knee, which causes a sudden contraction of the quadriceps muscle; one of the so-called tendon reflexes.</cd> -- <col>Knee joint</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Knee timber</col>, <cd>timber with knees or angles in it.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Knee tribute</col>, or <col>Knee worship</col>, <cd>tribute paid by kneeling; worship by genuflection. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Knee tribute<i> yet unpaid."</cd></cs>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Knee</h1>
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<hw>Knee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To supplicate by kneeling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Fall down, and <b>knee</b>
The way into his mercy.
<i>Shak</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kneebrush</h1>
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<hw>Knee"brush`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tuft or brush of hair on the knees of some species of antelopes and other animals; -- chiefly used in the plural.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A thick mass or collection of hairs on the legs of bees, by aid of which they carry the collected pollen to the hive or nest; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<h1>Kneecap</h1>
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<hw>Knee"cap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The kneepan.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cap or protection for the knee.</def>

<-- kneecap v. t. to break the knees of, often by shooting in the kneecap. -- a method of punishment sometimes used by criminal organizations against people who offend them -->

<h1>Knee-crooking</h1>
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<hw>Knee"-crook`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Obsequious; fawning; cringing.</def> "<i>Knee-crooking</i> knave."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Kneed</h1>
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<hw>Kneed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having knees;- used chiefly in composition; <as>as, in-<ex>kneed</ex>; out-<ex>kneed</ex>; weak-<ex>kneed</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Geniculated; forming an obtuse angle at the joints, like the knee when a little bent; <as>as, <ex>kneed</ex> grass</as>.</def>

<h1>Knee-deep</h1>
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<hw>Knee"-deep`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rising to the knees; knee-high; <as>as, water or snow <ex>knee-deep</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Grass <b>knee-deep</b> within a month.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sunk to the knees; <as>as, men <ex>knee-deep</ex> in water</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Where <b>knee-deep</b> the trees were standing.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knee-high</h1>
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<hw>Knee"-high`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rising or reaching upward to the knees; <as>as, the water is <ex>knee-high</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Kneejoint</h1>
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<hw>Knee"joint`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The joint of the knee.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A toggle joint; -- so called because consisting of two pieces jointed to each other end to end, making an angle like the knee when bent.</def>

<h1>Kneejointed</h1>
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<hw>Knee"joint`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Geniculate; kneed. See <er>Kneed</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Kneel</h1>
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<hw>Kneel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Knelt</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Kneeled</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kneeling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>knelen</ets>, <ets>cneolien</ets>; akin to D. <ets>knielen</ets>, Dan. <ets>kn\'91le</ets>. See <er>Knee</er>.]</ety> <def>To bend the knee; to fall or rest on the knees; -- sometimes with <i>down</i>.</def>

<blockquote>And he <b>kneeled</b> down, and cried with a loud voice, Lord, lay not this sin to their charge.
<i>Acts vii. 60.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As soon as you are dressed, <b>kneel</b> and say the Lord's Prayer.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kneeler</h1>
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<hw>Kneel"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who kneels or who worships by or while kneeling.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cushion or stool to kneel on.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A name given to certain catechumens and penitents who were permitted to join only in parts of church worship.</def>

<h1>Kneelingly</h1>
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<hw>Kneel"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a kneeling position.</def>

<h1>Kneepan</h1>
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<hw>Knee"pan`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A roundish, flattened, sesamoid bone in the tendon in front of the knee joint; the patella; the kneecap.</def>

<h1>Kneepiece</h1>
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<hw>Knee"piece`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A piece shaped like a knee; <as>as, the <ex>kneepieces</ex> or ears of a boat</as>.</def>

<h1>Knell</h1>
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<hw>Knell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>knel</ets>, <ets>cnul</ets>, AS. <ets>cnyll</ets>, fr. <ets>cnyllan</ets> to sound a bell; cf. D. & G. <ets>knallen</ets> to clap, crack, G. & Sw. <ets>knall</ets> a clap, crack, loud sound, Dan. <ets>knalde</ets> to clap, crack. Cf. <er>Knoll</er>, <ets>n. & v.</ets>]</ety> <def>The stoke of a bell tolled at a funeral or at the death of a person; a death signal; a passing bell; hence, figuratively, a warning of, or a sound indicating, the passing away of anything.</def>

<blockquote>The dead man's <b>knell</b>
Is there scarce asked for who.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The curfew tolls the <b>knell</b> of parting day.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knell</h1>
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<hw>Knell</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Knelled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Knelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>knellen</ets>, <ets>knillen</ets>, As. <ets>cnyllan</ets>. See <er>Knell</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To sound as a knell; especially, to toll at a death or funeral; hence, to sound as a warning or evil omen.</def>

<blockquote>Not worth a blessing nor a bell to <b>knell</b> for thee.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Yet all that poets sing, and grief hath known,
Of hopes laid waste, <b>knells</b> in that word, "alone".
<i>Ld. Lytton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knell</h1>
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<hw>Knell</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To summon, as by a knell.</def>

<blockquote>Each matin bell, the baron saith,
<b>Knells</b> us back to a world of death.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knelt</h1>
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<hw>Knelt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Kneel</er>.</def>

<h1>Knew</h1>
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<hw>Knew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Know</er>.</def>

<h1>Knicker</h1>
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<hw>Knick"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>knikker</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small ball of clay, baked hard and oiled, used as a marble by boys in playing.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & U. S.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell. Bartlett. </i>

<h1>Knickerbockers</h1>
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<hw>Knick"er*bock`ers</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>The name for a style of short breeches; smallclothes.</def>

<h1>Knickknack</h1>
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<hw>Knick"knack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Knack</er>.]</ety> <def>A trifle or toy; a bawble; a gewgaw.</def>

<h1>Knickknackatory</h1>
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<hw>Knick"knack`a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A collection of knickknacks.</def>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<h1>Knickknackery</h1>
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<hw>Knick"knack`er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Knickknacks.</def>

<h1>Knife</h1>
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<hw>Knife</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Knives</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>knif</ets>, AS. <ets>cn\'c6f</ets>; akin to D. <ets>knijf</ets>, Icel. <ets>kn\'c6fr</ets>, Sw. <ets>knif</ets>, Dan. <ets>kniv</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument consisting of a thin blade, usually of steel and having a sharp edge for cutting, fastened to a handle, but of many different forms and names for different uses; <as>as, table <ex>knife</ex>, drawing <ex>knife</ex>, putty <ex>knife</ex>, pallet <ex>knife</ex>, pocket<ex>knife</ex>, pen<ex>knife</ex>, chopping <ex>knife</ex>, <ex>etc.</ex> /as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sword or dagger.</def>

<blockquote>The coward conquest of a wretch's <b>knife</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Knife grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>a tropical American sedge (<spn>Scleria latifolia</spn>), having leaves with a very sharp and hard edge, like a knife.</cd> -- <col>War to the knife</col>, <cd>mortal combat; a conflict carried to the last extremity.</cd></cs>

<h1>Knife</h1>
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<hw>Knife</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Knifed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Knifing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>To prune with the knife.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cut or stab with a knife.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Knifeboard</h1>
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<hw>Knife"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A board on which knives are cleaned or polished.</def>

<h1>Knifeedge</h1>
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<hw>Knife"*edge`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A piece of steel sharpened to an acute edge or angle, and resting on a smooth surface, serving as the axis of motion of a pendulum, scale beam, or other piece required to oscillate with the least possible friction.</def>

<cs><col>Knife-edge file</col>. <cd>See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>File</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Knight</h1>
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<hw>Knight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>knight</ets>, <ets>cniht</ets>, knight, soldier, As. <ets>cniht</ets>, <ets>cneoht</ets>, a boy, youth, attendant, military follower; akin to D. & G. <ets>knecht</ets> servant; perh. akin to E. <ets>kin</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A young servant or follower; a military attendant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In feudal times, a man-at-arms serving on horseback and admitted to a certain military rank with special ceremonies, including an oath to protect the distressed, maintain the right, and live a stainless life.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One on whom knighthood, a dignity next below that of baronet, is conferred by the sovereign, entitling him to be addressed as <i>Sir</i>; <as>as, Sir John</as>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> Hence: <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A champion; a partisan; a lover.</def> "Give this ring to my true <i>knight</i>." Shak "In all your quarrels will I be your <i>knight</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote><b>Knights</b>, by their oaths, should right poor ladies' harms.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Formerly, when a knight's name was not known, it was customary to address him as <i>Sir Knight</i>. The rank of a knight is not hereditary.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A piece used in the game of chess, usually bearing a horse's head.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A playing card bearing the figure of a knight; the knave or jack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Carpet knight</col>. <cd>See under <er>Carpet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Knight of industry</col>. <cd>See <cref>Chevalier d'industrie</cref>, under <er>Chevalier</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Knight of Malta</col>, <col>Knight of Rhodes</col>, <col>Knight of St. John of Jerusalem</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Hospitaler</er>.</cd> -- <col>Knight of the post</col>, <cd>one who gained his living by giving false evidence on trials, or false bail; hence, a sharper in general. <i>Nares</i>. "A <i>knight of the post<i>, . . . quoth he, for so I am termed; a fellow that will swear you anything for twelve pence." -- <i>Nash</i>.</cd> -- <col>Knight of the shire</col>, <cd>in England, one of the representatives of a county in Parliament, in distinction from the representatives of cities and boroughs.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Knights commanders</col>, <col>Knights grand cross</col></mcol>, <cd>different classes of the Order of the Bath.</cd> See under <er>Bath</er>, and <er>Companion</er>. <col>Knights of labor</col>, <cd>a secret organization whose professed purpose is to secure and maintain the rights of workingmen as respects their relations to their employers.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Knights of Pythias</col>, <cd>a secret order, founded in Washington, d.C., in 1864, for social and charitable purposes.</cd> -- <col>Knights of the Round Table</col>, <cd>knights belonging to an order which, according to the legendary accounts, was instituted by the mythical King Arthur. They derived their common title from the table around which they sat on certain solemn days.</cd></cs>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Knight</h1>
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<hw>Knight</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Knighted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Knighting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To dub or create (one) a knight; -- done in England by the sovereign only, who taps the kneeling candidate with a sword, saying: Rise, Sir ---.</def>

<blockquote>A soldier, by the honor-giving hand
Of C<?/ur-de-Lion <b>knighted</b> in the field.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knightage</h1>
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<hw>Knight"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>To body of knights, taken collectively.</def>

<h1>Knight bachelor</h1>
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<hw>Knight" bach"e*lor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Knights bachelors</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A knight of the most ancient, but lowest, order of English knights, and not a member of any order of chivalry. See <er>Bachelor</er>, 4.</def>

<h1>Knight banneret</h1>
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<hw>Knight" ban"ner*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Knights bannerets</plw>.</plu> <def>A knight who carried a banner, who possessed fiefs to a greater amount than the knight bachelor, and who was obliged to serve in war with a greater number of attendants. The dignity was sometimes conferred by the sovereign in person on the field of battle.</def>

<h1>Knight baro-net</h1>
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<hw>Knight" bar"o-net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Baronet</er>.</def>

<h1>Knight-errant</h1>
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<hw>Knight"-er`rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Knight-errants</plw>, or <plw>Knights-errant</plw>.</plu> <def>A wandering knight; a knight who traveled in search of adventures, for the purpose of exhibiting military skill, prowess, and generosity.</def>

<h1>Knight-errantry</h1>
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<hw>Knight"-er`rant*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Knight-errantries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <def>The character or actions of wandering knights; the practice of wandering in quest of adventures; chivalry; a quixotic or romantic adventure or scheme.</def>
<-- # in original, the "pl." mark is absent, and is added for consistency with other entries. -->

<blockquote>The rigid guardian [<it>i. e.</it>, conscience] of a blameless heart
Is weak with rank <b>knight-erratries</b> o'errun.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knight-er-ratic</h1>
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<hw>Knight"-er-rat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a knight-errant or to knight-errantry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Quart. Rev.</i>

<h1>Knighthead</h1>
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<hw>Knight"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A bollard timber. See under <er>Bollard</er>.</def>

<h1>Knighthood</h1>
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<hw>Knight"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Knight</ets> + <ets>hood</ets>: cf. AS. <ets>chihth\'bed</ets> youth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The character, dignity, or condition of a knight, or of knights as a class; hence, chivalry.</def> "O shame to <i>knighthood</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>If you needs must write, write C\'91sar's praise;
You 'll gain at least a <b>knighthood</b>, or the bays.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The whole body of knights.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>knighthood</b> nowadays are nothing like the <b>knighthood</b> of old time.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; "When the order of <i>knighthood</i> was conferred with full solemnity in the leisure of a court or court or city, imposing preliminary ceremonies were required of the candidate. He prepared himself by prayer and fasting, watched his arms at night in a chapel, and was then admitted with the performance of religious rites. <i>Knighthood</i> was conferred by the <i>accolade</i>, which, from the derivation of the name, would appear to have been originally an embrace; but afterward consisted, as it still does, in a blow of the flat of a sword on the back of the kneeling candidate."</note>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Knightless</h1>
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<hw>Knight"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unbecoming a knight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Knightless</i> guile."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Knightliness</h1>
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<hw>Knight"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The character or bearing suitable for a knight; chivalry.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Knightly</h1>
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<hw>Knight`ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cnihtlic</ets> boyish.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a knight; becoming a knight; chivalrous; <as>as, a <ex>knightly</ex> combat; a <ex>knightly</ex> spirit.</as></def>

<blockquote>For <b>knightly</b> jousts and fierce encounters fit.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[Excuses] full <b>knightly</b> without scorn.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knightly</h1>
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<hw>Knight"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner becoming a knight</def>.

<blockquote>And why thou comest thus <b>knightly</b> clad in arms.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knight marshal</h1>
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<hw>Knight" mar"shal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>An officer in the household of the British sovereign, who has cognizance of transgressions within the royal household and verge, and of contracts made there, a member of the household being one of the parties.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Knight service</h1>
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<hw>Knight" serv"ice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Eng. Feud. Law)</fld> <def>A tenure of lands held by knights on condition of performing military service. See <er>Chivalry</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<h1>Knight Templar</h1>
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<hw>Knight" Tem"plar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Knights Templars</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>See <er>Commandery</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3, and also <er>Templar</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1 and 3.</def>

<h1>Knit</h1>
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<hw>Knit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Knit</er> or <er>Knitted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Knitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>knitten</ets>, <ets>knutten</ets>, As. <ets>cnyttan</ets>, fr. <ets>cnotta</ets> knot; akin to Icel. <ets>kn<?/ta</ets>, Sw. <ets>knyta</ets>, Dan. <ets>knytte</ets>. See <er>Knot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form into a knot, or into knots; to tie together, as cord; to fasten by tying.</def>

<blockquote>A great sheet <b>knit</b> at the four corners.
<i>Acts x. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When your head did but ache,
I <b>knit</b> my handkercher about your brows.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form, as a textile fabric, by the interlacing of yarn or thread in a series of connected loops, by means of needles, either by hand or by machinery; <as>as, to <ex>knit</ex> stockings</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To join; to cause to grow together.</def>

<blockquote>Nature can not <b>knit</b> the bones while the parts are under a discharge.
<i>Wiseman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To unite closely; to connect; to engage; <as>as, hearts <ex>knit</ex> together in love</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thy merit hath my duty strongly <b>knit</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Come , <b>knit</b> hands, and beat the ground,
In a light fantastic round.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A link among the days, to<b>knit</b>
The generations each to each.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To draw together; to contract into wrinkles.</def>

<blockquote><?/<?/<?/  <b>knits</b> his brow and shows an angry eye.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knit</h1>
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<hw>Knit</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form a fabric by interlacing yarn or thread; to weave by making knots or loops.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be united closely; to grow together; <as>as, broken bones will in time <ex>knit</ex> and become sound</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To knit up</col>, <cd>to wind up; to conclude; to come to a close. "It remaineth to <i>knit up<i> briefly with the nature and compass of the seas." <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Knit</h1>
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<hw>Knit</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Union knitting; texture.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Knitback</h1>
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<hw>Knit"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The plant comfrey; -- so called from its use as a restorative.</def>

<i>Dr. Prier.</i>

<h1>Knitch, Knitchet</h1>
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<hw><hw>Knitch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Knitch"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Knit</er>.]</ety> <def>A number of things tied or knit together; a bundle; a fagot.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<blockquote>When they [stems of asphodel] be dried, they ought to be made up into <b>knitchets</b>, or handfuls.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knits</h1>
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<hw>Knits</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Prob. same word as <ets>nit</ets> a louse's egg.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Small particles of ore.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Knitster</h1>
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<hw>Knit"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who knits.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Knitter</h1>
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<hw>Knit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, knits, joins, or unites; a knitting machine.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Knitting</h1>
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<hw>Knit"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The work of a knitter; the network formed by knitting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Union formed by knitting, as of bones.</def>

<cs><col>Knitting machine</col>, <cd>one of a number of contrivances for mechanically knitting stockings, jerseys, and the like.</cd> -- <col>Knitting <?/eedle</col>, <cd>a stiff rod, as of steel wire, with rounded ends for knitting yarn or threads into a fabric, as in stockings.</cd> -- <col>Knitting sheath</col>, <cd>a sheath to receive the end of a needle in knitting.</cd></cs>

<h1>Knittle</h1>
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<hw>Knit"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Knit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A string that draws together a purse or bag.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Nettles</er>.</def>

<h1>Knives</h1>
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<hw>Knives</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>of <er>Knife</er>. See <er>Knife</er>.</def>

<h1>Knob</h1>
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<hw>Knob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A modification of <ets>knop</ets>. Cf. <er>Nob</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hard protuberance; a hard swelling or rising; a bunch; a lump; <as>as, a <ex>knob</ex> in the flesh, or on a bone</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A knoblike ornament or handle; <as>as, the <ex>knob</ex> of a lock, door, or drawer</as>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A rounded hill or mountain; <as>as, the Pilot Knob</as>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Knop</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Knob latch</col>, <cd>a latch which can be operated by turning a knob, without using a key.</cd></cs>

<h1>Knob</h1>
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<hw>Knob</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow into knobs or bunches; to become knobbed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drant.</i>

<h1>Knobbed</h1>
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<hw>Knobbed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing knobs; full of knobs; ending in a nob. See <i>Illust</i> of <er>Antenna</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The horns of a roe deer of Greenland are pointed at the top, and <b>knobbed</b> or tuberous at the bottom.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knobber</h1>
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<hw>Knob"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Knobbler</er>.</def>

<h1>Knobbing</h1>
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<hw>Knob"bing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Stone Quarrying)</fld> <def>Rough dressing by knocking off knobs or projections.</def>

<h1>Knobbler</h1>
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<hw>Knob"bler</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hart in its second year; a young deer.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>knobber</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<blockquote>He has hallooed the hounds upon a velvet-headed <b>knobbler</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knobbling fire</h1>
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<hw>Knob"bling fire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A bloomery fire. See <er>Bloomery</er>.</def>

<h1>Knobby</h1>
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<hw>Knob"by</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Knob</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of, or covered with, knobs or hard protuberances.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Irregular; stubborn in particulars.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The informers continued in a <b>knobby</b> kind of obstinacy.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Abounding in rounded hills or mountains; hilly.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Knobstick</h1>
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<hw>Knob"stick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who refuses to join, or withdraws from, a trades union.</def> <mark>[Cant, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Knock</h1>
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<hw>Knock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Knocked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Knocking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>knoken</ets>, AS. <ets>cnocian</ets>, <ets>cnucian</ets>; prob. of imitative origin; cf. Sw. <ets>knacka</ets>.Cf. <er>Knack</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To drive or be driven against something; to strike against something; to clash; <as>as, one heavy body <ex>knocks</ex> against another</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strike or beat with something hard or heavy; to rap; <as>as, to <ex>knock</ex> with a club; to <ex>knock</ex> on the door.</as></def>

<blockquote>For harbor at a thousand doors they <b>knocked</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Seek, and ye shall find; <b>knock</b>, and it shall be opened unto you.
<i>Matt. vii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To knock about</col>, <cd>to go about, taking knocks or rough usage; to wander about; to saunter. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "<i>Knocking about town<i>." <i>W. Irving</i>.</cd> -- <col>To knock up</col>, <cd>to fail of strength; to become wearied or worn out, as with labor; to give out. "The horses were beginning to <i>knock up<i> under the fatigue of such severe service." <i>De Quincey</i>.</cd><-- (b) to make pregnant (vulgar) --> -- <col>To knock off</col>, <cd>to cease, as from work; to desist.</cd> -- <col>To knock under</col>, <cd>to yield; to submit; to acknowledge one's self conquered; -- an expression probably borrowed from the practice of <i>knocking under the table<i> with the knuckles, when conquered. "Colonel Esmond <i>knocked under<i> to his fate." <i>Thackeray</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Knock</h1>
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<hw>Knock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike with something hard or heavy; to move by striking; to drive (a thing) against something; <as>as, to <ex>knock</ex> a ball with a bat; to <ex>knock</ex> the head against a post; to <ex>knock</ex> a lamp off the table.</as></def>

<blockquote>When heroes <b>knock</b> their knotty heads together.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strike for admittance; to rap upon, as a door.</def>

<blockquote>Master, <b>knock</b> the door hard.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To knock down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To strike down; to fell; to prostrate by a blow or by blows; as, <i>to knock down<i> an assailant</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To assign to a bidder at an auction, by a blow or knock; to knock off.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To knock in the head</col>, &or; <col>on the head</col>, <cd>to stun or kill by a blow upon the head; hence, to put am end to; to defeat, as a scheme or project; to frustrate; to quash.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To knock off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To force off by a blow or by beating.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To assign to a bidder at an auction, by a blow on the counter</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To leave off (work, etc.)</cd>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To knock out</col></mcol>, <cd>to force out by a blow or by blows; <as>as, to <ex>knock out<ex> the brains</as>.</cd> -- <col>To knock up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To arouse by knocking</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To beat or tire out; to fatigue till unable to do more; as, the men were entirely <i>knocked up<i>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "The day being exceedingly hot, the want of food had <i>knocked up<i> my followers." <i>Petherick</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld> <cd>To make even at the edges, or to shape into book form, as printed sheets.</cd><-- (d) To make pregnant. [vulgar: Often used in passive, "she got knocked up"] --></cs>

<-- [MW10]: Knock off (a) v. i. and t. to quit (working). (b) accomplish, frequently used when the task is accomplished rapidly. (c) (Coll.) to kill; to defeat (opponents). (d) to discount, to deduct (a sum from a price).  (d) rob. (also "knock over") (e) to make a knockoff of; copy, imitate.-->

<h1>Knock</h1>
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<hw>Knock</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A blow; a stroke with something hard or heavy; a jar.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stroke, as on a door for admittance; a rap.</def> " A <i>knock</i> at the door."

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<blockquote>A loud cry or some great <b>knock</b>.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Knock off</col>, <cd>a device in a knitting machine to remove loops from the needles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Knockdown</h1>
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<hw>Knock"down`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A felling by a knock, as of a combatant, or of an animal.</def>

<h1>Knockdown</h1>
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<hw>Knock"down`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of force sufficient to fell or completely overthrow; <as>as, a <ex>knockdown</ex> blow; a <ex>knockdown</ex> argument.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Knocker</h1>
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<hw>Knock"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, knocks; specifically, an instrument, or kind of hammer, fastened to a door, to be used in seeking for admittance.</def>

<blockquote>Shut, shut the door, good John ! fatigued, <-I said;
Tie up the <b>knocker</b>; say I'm sick, I'm dead.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knocking</h1>
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<hw>Knock"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A beating; a rap; a series of raps.</def>

<blockquote>The . . . repeated <b>knockings</b> of the head upon the ground by the Chinese worshiper.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knockings</h1>
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<hw>Knock"ings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Large lumps picked out of the sieve, in dressing ore.</def>

<h1>Knock-knee</h1>
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<hw>Knock"-knee`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition in which the knees are bent in so as to touch each other in walking; inknee.</def>

<h1>Knock-kneed</h1>
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<hw>Knock"-kneed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the legs bent inward so that the knees touch in walking.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>knack-kneed</asp>.]</altsp>


<-- knockoff. a cheap imitation of something popular, often produced illegally and of inferior materials. -->

<h1>Knockstone</h1>
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<hw>Knock"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A block upon which ore is broken up.</def>

<h1>Knoll</h1>
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<hw>Knoll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cnoll</ets>; akin to G. <ets>knolle</ets>, <ets>knollen</ets>, clod, lump, knob, bunch, OD. <ets>knolle</ets> ball, bunch, Sw. <ets>kn\'94l</ets>, Dan. <ets>knold</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little round hill; a mound; a small elevation of earth; the top or crown of a hill.</def>

<blockquote>On <b>knoll</b> or hillock rears his crest,
Lonely and huge, the giant oak.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knoll</h1>
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<hw>Knoll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Knolled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Knolling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>knollen</ets>, AS. <ets>cnyllan</ets>. See <er>Knell</er>.]</ety> <def>To ring, as a bell; to strike a knell upon; to toll; to proclaim, or summon, by ringing.</def> "<i>Knolled</i> to church."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Heavy clocks <b>knolling</b> the drowsy hours.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knoll</h1>
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<hw>Knoll</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sound, as a bell; to knell.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>For a departed being's soul
The death hymn peals, and the hollow bells <b>knoll</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knoll</h1>
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<hw>Knoll</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The tolling of a bell; a knell.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Knoller</h1>
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<hw>Knoll"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who tolls a bell.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Knop</h1>
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<hw>Knop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>knop</ets>, <ets>knoppe</ets>; cf. D.<ets>knop</ets>, <ets>knoop</ets>, G. <ets>knopf</ets>, Dan. <ets>knap</ets>, <ets>knop</ets>, Sw. <ets>knapp</ets>, <ets>knopp</ets>, button, bud, Icel. <ets>knappr</ets>, and E. <ets>knap</ets>, <tt>n.</tt> Cf. <er>Knap</er>, <er>Knob</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A knob; a bud; a bunch; a button.</def>

<blockquote>Four bowls made like unto almonds, with their <b>knops</b> and their flowers.
<i>Ex. xxv. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Any boldly projecting sculptured ornament; esp., the ornamental termination of a pinnacle, and then synonymous with <i>finial</i>; -- called also <altname>knob</altname>, and <altname>knosp</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Knop sedge</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the bur reed (<spn>Sparganium</spn>); -- so called from its globular clusters of seed vessels.</cd></cs>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Knopped</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Knopped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having knops or knobs; fastened as with buttons.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Knoppern</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Knop"pern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>knopper</ets>. See <er>Knop</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of gall produced by a gallfly on the cup of an acorn, -- used in tanning and dyeing.</def>

<h1>Knopweed</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Knop"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Knapweed</er>.</def>

<h1>Knor</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Knor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Knur</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Knosp</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Knosp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>knospe</ets> bud, E. <ets>knop</ets>, <ets>knar</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Knop</er>,2.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Knot</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Knot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>knot</ets>, <ets>knotte</ets>, AS. <ets>cnotta</ets>; akin to D. <ets>knot</ets>, OHG. <ets>chnodo</ets>, <ets>chnoto</ets>, G. <ets>knoten</ets>, Icel. <ets>kn<?/tr</ets>, Sw. <ets>knut</ets>, Dan. <ets>knude</ets>, and perh. to L. <ets>nodus</ets>. Cf. <er>Knout</er>, <er>Knit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A fastening together of the pars or ends of one or more threads, cords, ropes, etc., by any one of various ways of tying or entangling.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A lump or loop formed in a thread, cord, rope. etc., as at the end, by tying or interweaving it upon itself.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An ornamental tie, as of a ribbon.</def>

<note>&hand; The names of knots vary according to the manner of their making, or the use for which they are intended; as, <i>dow</i>knot, <i>reef</i> knot, <i>stopper</i> knot, <i>diamond</i> knot, etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bond of union; a connection; a tie.</def> "With nuptial <i>knot</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Ere we knit the <b>knot</b> that can never be loosed.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Something not easily solved; an intricacy; a difficulty; a perplexity; a problem.</def>

<blockquote><b>Knots</b> worthy of solution.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A man shall be perplexed with <b>knots</b>, and problems of business, and contrary affairs.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A figure the lines of which are interlaced or intricately interwoven, as in embroidery, gardening, etc.</def> "Garden <i>knots</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Flowers worthy of paradise, which, not nice art
In beds and curious <b>knots</b>, but nature boon
Poured forth profuse on hill, and dale, and plain.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A cluster of persons or things; a collection; a group; a hand; a clique; <as>as, a <ex>knot</ex> of politicians</as>.</def> "<i>Knots</i> of talk."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>His ancient <b>knot</b> of dangerous adversaries.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Palms in cluster, <b>knots</b> of Paradise.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As they sat together in small, separate <b>knots</b>, they discussed doctrinal and metaphysical points of belief.
<i>Sir W. Scott. </i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A portion of a branch of a tree that forms a mass of woody fiber running at an angle with the grain of the main stock and making a hard place in the timber. A loose knot is generally the remains of a dead branch of a tree covered by later woody growth.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A knob, lump, swelling, or protuberance.</def>

<blockquote>With lips serenely placid, felt the <b>knot</b>
Climb in her throat.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A protuberant joint in a plant.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>The point on which the action of a story depends; the gist of a matter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I shoulde to the <b>knotte</b> condescend,
And maken of her walking soon an end.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>See <er>Node</er>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A division of the log line, serving to measure the rate of the vessel's motion. Each knot on the line bears the same proportion to a mile that thirty seconds do to an hour. The number of knots which run off from the reel in half a minute, therefore, shows the number of miles the vessel sails in an hour.</def> Hence: <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A nautical mile, or 6080.27 feet; <as>as, when a ship goes eight miles an hour, her speed is said to be eight <ex>knots</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>A kind of epaulet. See <er>Shoulder knot</er>.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sandpiper (<spn>Tringa canutus</spn>), found in the northern parts of all the continents, in summer. It is grayish or ashy above, with the rump and upper tail coverts white, barred with dusky. The lower parts are pale brown, with the flanks and under tail coverts white. When fat it is prized by epicures. Called also <altname>dunne</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is said to be derived from King Canute, this bird being a favorite article of food with him.</note>

<blockquote>The <b>knot</b> that called was Canutus' bird of old,
Of that great king of Danes his name that still doth hold,
His appetite to please that far and near was sought.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knot</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Knot</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Knotted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Knotting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To tie in or with, or form into, a knot or knots; to form a knot on, as a rope; to entangle.</def> "<i>Knotted</i> curls."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<blockquote>As tight as I could <b>knot</b> the noose.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To unite closely; to knit together.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To entangle or perplex; to puzzle.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<h1>Knot</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Knot</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form knots or joints, as in a cord, a plant, etc.; to become entangled.</def>

<blockquote>Cut hay when it begins to <b>knot</b>.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To knit knots for fringe or trimming.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To copulate; -- said of toads.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Knotberry</h1>
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<hw>Knot"ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The cloudberry (<spn>Rudus Cham\'91morus</spn>); -- so called from its knotted stems.</def>

<h1>Knotgrass</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Knot"grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>a common weed with jointed stems <spn>(Polygonum aviculare)</spn>; knotweed.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The dog grass. See under <er>Dog</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; An infusion of <spn>Polygonum aviculare</spn> was once supposed to have the effect of stopping the growth of an animal, and hence it was called, as by Shakespeare, "hindering <i>knotgrass</i>."</note>

<blockquote>We want a boy extremely for this function,
Kept under for a year with milk and <b>knotgrass</b>.
<i>Beau. &  Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knotless</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Knot"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from knots; without knots.</def> "Silver firs with <i>knotless</i> trunks."

<i>Congreve.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knotted</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Knot"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of knots; having knots knurled; <as>as, a <ex>knotted</ex> cord; the <ex>knotted</ex> oak.</as></def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Interwoven; matted; entangled.</def>

<blockquote>Make . . . thy <b>knotted</b> and combined locks to part.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having intersecting lines or figures.</def>

<blockquote>The west corner of thy curious <b>knotted</b> garden.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Characterized by small, detached points, chiefly composed of mica, less decomposable than the mass of the rock, and forming knots in relief on the weathered surface; <as>as, <ex>knotted</ex> rocks</as>.</def>

<i>Percival.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Entangled; puzzling; knotty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>They're catched in <b>knotted</b> lawlike nets.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knottiness</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Knot"ti*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Knotty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being knotty or full of knots.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Difficulty of solution; intricacy; complication.</def> " <i>Knottiness</i> of his style."

<i>Hare.</i>

<h1>Knotty</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Knot"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Knottier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Knottiest</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of knots; knotted; having many knots; <as>as, <ex>knotty</ex> timber; a <ex>knotty</ex> rope.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hard; rugged; <as>as, a <ex>knotty</ex> head</as>.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Rewe.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Difficult; intricate; perplexed.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>knotty</b> point to which we now proceed
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knotweed</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Knot"weed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Knot<?/rass</er>.</def>

<h1>Knotwort</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Knot"wort</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small, herbaceous, trailing plant, of the genus <spn>Illecebrum</spn> (<spn>I. verticillatum</spn>.)</def>

<h1>Knout</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Knout</hw> <tt>(nout &or; n??t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>knut'</ets>; prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. <ets>knut</ets> knot, knout, Icel. <ets>kn<?/tr</ets> knot: cf. F. <ets>knout</ets>. See <er>Knot</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of whip for flogging criminals, formerly much used in Russia. The last is a tapering bundle of leather thongs twisted with wire and hardened, so that it mangles the flesh.</def>

<h1>Knout</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Knout</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To punish with the knout</def>

<i>Brougham.</i>

<h1>Know</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Know</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Knee.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Know</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Know</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Knew</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Known</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Knowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>knowen</ets>, <ets>knawen</ets>, AS. <ets>cn\'84wan</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>chn\'84an</ets> (in comp.), Icel. <ets>kn\'84</ets> to be able, Russ, <ets>znate</ets> to know, L. <ets>gnoscere</ets>, <ets>noscere</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>jn<?/</ets>; fr. the root of E. <ets>can</ets>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, <ets>ken</ets>. (<?/). See <er>Ken</er>, <er>Can</er> to be able, and cf. <er>Acquaint</er>, <er>Cognition</er>, <er>Gnome</er>, <er>Ignore</er>, <er>Noble</er>, <er>Note</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To perceive or apprehend clearly and certainly; to understand; to have full information of; <as>as, to <ex>know</ex> one's duty</as>.</def>

<blockquote>O, that a man might <b>know</b>
The end of this day's business ere it come!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is a certainty in the proposition, and we <b>know</b> it.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Know</b> how sublime a thing it is
To suffer and be strong.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be convinced of the truth of; to be fully assured of; <as>as, to <ex>know</ex> things from information</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be acquainted with; to be no stranger to; to be more or less familiar with the person, character, etc., of; to possess experience of; <as>as, to <ex>know</ex> an author; to <ex>know</ex> the rules of an organization.</as></def>

<blockquote>He hath made him to be sin for us, who <b>knew</b> no sin.
<i>2 Cor. v. 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Not to <b>know</b> me argues yourselves unknown.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To recognize; to distinguish; to discern the character of; <as>as, to <ex>know</ex> a person's face or figure</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Ye shall <b>know</b> them by their fruits.
<i>Matt. vil. 16. </i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And their eyes were opened, and they <b>knew</b> him.
<i>Luke xxiv. 31.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To know
Faithful friend from flattering foe.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>At nearer view he thought he <b>knew</b> the dead.
<i>Flatman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To have sexual commerce with.</def>

<blockquote>And Adam <b>knew</b> Eve his wife.
<i>Gen. iv. 1.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Know</i> is often followed by an objective and an infinitive (with or without to) or a participle, a dependent sentence, etc.</note>

<blockquote>And I <b>knew</b> that thou hearest me always.
<i>John xi. 42.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The monk he instantly <b>knew</b> to be the prior.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In other hands I have <b>known</b> money do good.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To know how</col>, <cd>to understand the manner, way, or means; to have requisite information, intelligence, or sagacity. <i>How<i> is sometimes omitted. " If we fear to die, or <i>know<i> not to be patient."</cd></cs>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Know</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Know</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have knowledge; to have a clear and certain perception; to possess wisdom, instruction, or information; -- often with of.</def>

<blockquote>Israel doth not <b>know</b>, my people doth not consider.
<i>Is. i. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If any man will do his will, he shall <b>know</b> of the doctrine, whether it be of God, or whether I speak of myself.
<i>John vii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The peasant folklore of Europe still <b>knows</b> of willows that bleed and weep and speak when hewn.
<i>Tylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be assured; to feel confident.</def>

<cs><col>To know of</col>,<cd>to ask, to inquire. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " <i>Know<i> of your youth, examine well your blood."</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Knowable</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Know"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be known; capable of being discovered, understood, or ascertained.</def>

<blockquote>Thus mind and matter, as known or <b>knowable</b>, are only two different series of phenomena or qualities.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton. </i></blockquote>

<h1>Knowa bleness</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Know"a* ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being knowable.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Know-all</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Know"-all`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who knows everything; hence, one who makes pretension to great knowledge; a wiseacre; -- usually ironical.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or R.]</mark><-- = know-it-all -->

<h1>Knower</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Know"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who knows.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Knowing</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Know"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Skilful; well informed; intelligent; <as>as, a <ex>knowing</ex> man; a <ex>knowing</ex> dog.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>knowing</b> and intelligent part of the world.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Artful; cunning; <as>as, a <ex>knowing</ex> rascal</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Knowing</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Know"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Knowledge; hence, experience.</def> " In my <i>knowing</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>This sore night
Hath trifled former <b>knowings</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knowingly</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Know"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With knowledge; in a knowing manner; intelligently; consciously; deliberately; <as>as, he would not <ex>knowingly</ex> offend</as>.</def>

<i>Strype.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By experience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Knowingness</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Know"ing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being knowing or intelligent; shrewdness; skillfulness.</def>

<h1>Knowleche</h1>
<Xpage=816>

<hw>Knowl"eche</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Knowl</er>, <er>edge</er>.</def>

<blockquote>We consider and <b>knowleche</b> that we have offended.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="819">
Page 819<p>

<h1>Knowleching</h1>
<Xpage=819>

<hw>Knowl"ech*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Knowledge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Knowledge</h1>
<Xpage=819>

<hw>Knowl"edge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>knowlage</ets>, <ets>knowlege</ets>, <ets>knowleche</ets>, <ets>knawleche</ets>. The last part is the Icel. suffix <ets>-leikr</ets>, forming abstract nouns, orig. the same as Icel. <ets>leikr</ets> game, play, sport, akin to AS. <ets>l\'bec</ets>, Goth. <ets>laiks</ets> dance. See <er>Know</er>, and cf. <er>Lake</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, <er>Lark</er> a frolic.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of knowing; clear perception of fact, truth, or duty; certain apprehension; familiar cognizance; cognition.</def>

<blockquote><b>Knowledge</b>, which is the highest degree of the speculative faculties, consists in the perception of the truth of affirmative or negative propositions.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is or may be known; the object of an act of knowing; a cognition; -- chiefly used in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>There is a great difference in the delivery of the mathematics, which are the most abstracted of <b>knowledges</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Knowledges</b> is a term in frequent use by Bacon, and, though now obsolete, should be revived, as without it we are compelled to borrow "cognitions" to express its import.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To use a word of Bacon's, now unfortunately obsolete, we must determine the relative value of <b>knowledges</b>.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is gained and preserved by knowing; instruction; acquaintance; enlightenment; learning; scholarship; erudition.</def>

<blockquote><b>Knowledge</b> puffeth up, but charity edifieth.
<i>1 Cor. viii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ignorance is the curse of God; -
<b>Knowledge</b>, the wing wherewith we fly to heaven.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That familiarity which is gained by actual experience; practical skill; <as>as, a <ex>knowledge</ex> of life</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Shipmen that had <b>knowledge</b> of the sea.
<i>1 Kings ix. 27.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Scope of information; cognizance; notice; <as>as, it has not come to my <ex>knowledge</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Why have I found grace in thine eyes, that thou shouldst take <b>knowledge</b> of me?
<i>Ruth ii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6</b>. <def>Sexual intercourse; -- usually preceded by <i>carnal</i>; <as>as, <ex>carnal knowledge</ex></as></def>.

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Wisdom</er>.</syn>

<h1>Knowledge</h1>
<Xpage=819>

<hw>Knowl"edge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To acknowledge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Sinners which <i>knowledge</i> their sins."

<i>Tyndale.</i>

<h1>Known</h1>
<Xpage=819>

<hw>Known</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Know</er>.</def>

<h1>Know-nothing</h1>
<Xpage=819>

<hw>Know"-noth`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A member of a secret political organization in the United States, the chief objects of which were the proscription of foreigners by the repeal of the naturalization laws, and the exclusive choice of native Americans for office.</def>

<note>&hand; The party originated in 1853, and existed for about three years. The members of it were called <i>Know-nothings</i>, because they replied "I don't know," to any questions asked them in reference to the party.</note>

<h1>Know-nothingism</h1>
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<hw>Know"-noth`ing*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrines, principles, or practices, of the Know-nothings.</def>

<h1>Knubs</h1>
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<hw>Knubs</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Waste silk formed in winding off the threads from a cocoon.</def>

<h1>Knuckle</h1>
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<hw>Knuc"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>knokel</ets>, <ets>knokil</ets>, AS. <ets>cuncel</ets>; akin to D. <ets>knokkel</ets>, OFries. <ets>knokele</ets>, <ets>knokle</ets>, G. <ets>kn\'94chel</ets>, Sw. <ets>knoge</ets>, Dan. <ets>knokkel</ets>, G. <ets>knochen</ets> bone, and perh. to E. <ets>knock</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The joint of a finger, particularly when made prominent by the closing of the fingers.</def>

<i>Davenant.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The kneejoint, or middle joint, of either leg of a quadruped, especially of a calf; -- formerly used of the kneejoint of a human being.</def>

<blockquote>With weary <b>knuckles</b> on thy brim she kneeled sadly down.
<i>Golding.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The joint of a plant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The joining pars of a hinge through which the pin or rivet passes; a knuckle joint.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A convex portion of a vessel's figure where a sudden change of shape occurs, as in a canal boat, where a nearly vertical side joins a nearly flat bottom.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A contrivance, usually of brass or iron, and furnished with points, worn to protect the hand, to add force to a blow, and to disfigure the person struck; <as>as, brass <ex>knuckles</ex></as>; -- called also <altname>knuckle duster</altname>.</def> <mark>[Slang.]</mark>

<cs><col>Knuckle joint</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a hinge joint, in which a projection with an eye, on one piece, enters a jaw between two corresponding projections with eyes, on another piece, and is retained by a pin which passes through the eyes and forms the pivot.</cd> -- <col>Knuckle of veal</col> <fld>(Cookery)</fld>, <cd>the lower part of a leg of veal, from the line of the body to the knuckle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Knuckle</h1>
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<hw>Knuc"kle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Knuckled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Knuckling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To yield; to submit; -- used with <i>down</i>, <i>to</i>, or <i>under</i>.</def>

<cs><col>To knuckle to</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To submit to in a contest; to yield to</cd>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> See <cref>To knock under</cref>, under <er>Knock</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To apply one's self vigorously or earnestly to; <as>as, <ex>to knuckle to<ex> work. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></as></cd></cs>

<h1>Knuckle</h1>
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<hw>Knuc"kle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To beat with the knuckles; to pommel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Horace Smith.</i>

<h1>Knuckled</h1>
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<hw>Knuc"kled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Jointed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Knuff</h1>
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<hw>Knuff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Cnof</er> a churl.]</ety> <def>A lout; a clown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The country <b>knuffs</b>, Hob, Dick, and Hick,
With clubs and clouted shoon.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Knur</h1>
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<hw>Knur</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Knurl</er>.]</ety> <def>A knurl.</def>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Knurl</h1>
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<hw>Knurl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Knar</er>, <er>Gnar</er>.]</ety> <def>A contorted knot in wood; a crossgrained protuberance; a nodule; a boss or projection.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who, or that which, is crossgrained.</def>

<h1>Knurl</h1>
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<hw>Knurl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To provide with ridges, to assist the grasp, as in the edge of a flat knob, or coin; to mill.</def>

<h1>Knurled</h1>
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<hw>Knurled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of knots; gnarled.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Milled, as the head of a screw, or the edge of a coin.</def>

<h1>Knurly</h1>
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<hw>Knurl"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Knurlier</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Knurliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Knur</er>, and cf. <er>Gnarly</er>.]</ety> <def>Full of knots; hard; tough; hence, capable of enduring or resisting much.</def>

<h1>Knurry</h1>
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<hw>Knur"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of knots.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Koaita</h1>
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<hw>Ko*ai"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Coaita</er>.</def>

<h1>Koala</h1>
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<hw>Ko*a"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tailless marsupial (<spn>Phascolarctos cinereus</spn>), found in Australia. The female carries her young on the back of her neck. Called also <altname>Australian bear</altname>, <altname>native bear</altname>, and <altname>native sloth</altname>.</def>
<-- and koala bear. -->

<h1>Kob, Koba</h1>
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<hw><hw>Kob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ko"ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of African antelopes of the genus <spn>Kobus</spn>, esp. the species <spn>Kobus sing-sing</spn>.</def>

<h1>Kobalt</h1>
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<hw>Ko"balt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cobalt</er>.</def>

<h1>Kobellite</h1>
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<hw>Ko"bel*lite</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Franz von <ets>Kobell</ets>, of Munich.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A blackish gray mineral, a sulphide of antimony, bismuth, and lead.</def>

<h1>Kobold</h1>
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<hw>Ko"bold</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., perh. orig., house god, hose protector. See <er>Cobalt</er>]</ety> <def>A kind of domestic spirit in German mythology, corresponding to the Scottish brownie and the English Robin Goodfellow.</def>

<h1>Kodak</h1>
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<hw>Ko"dak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of portable camera.</def>

<h1>Koel</h1>
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<hw>Ko"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name in India.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of cuckoos of the genus <spn>Eudynamys</spn>, found in India, the East Indies, and Australia. They deposit their eggs in the nests of other birds.</def>

<h1>Koff</h1>
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<hw>Koff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>kof</ets>.]</ety> <def>A two-masted Dutch vessel.</def>

<h1>Kohinoor, Kohnur</h1>
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<hw><hw>Koh`i*noor"</hw>, <hw>Koh`*nur</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>koh-i-n<?/r</ets>, lit., mountain of light.]</ety> <def>A famous diamond, surrendered to the British crown on the annexation of the Punjab. According to Hindoo legends, it was found in a Golconda mine, and has been the property of various Hindoo and Persian rulers.</def>

<h1>Kohl</h1>
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<hw>Kohl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Alcohol</er>.]</ety> <def>A mixture of soot and other ingredients, used by Egyptian and other Eastern women to darken the edges of the eyelids.</def>

<h1>Kohl-rabi</h1>
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<hw>Kohl"-ra`bi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Kohl-rabies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[G. Cf. <er>Cole</er>, <er>Rape</er> the plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A variety of cabbage, in which the edible part is a large, turnip-shaped swelling of the stem, above the surface of the ground.</def>

<h1>Kokama</h1>
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<hw>Ko*ka"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The gemsbok.</def>

<h1>Koklass</h1>
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<hw>Ko"klass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any pheasant of the genus <spn>Pucrasia</spn>. The birds of this genus inhabit India and China, and are distinguished by having a long central and two lateral crests on the head. Called also <altname>pucras</altname>.</def>

<h1>Kokoon</h1>
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<hw>Ko*koon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The gnu.</def>

<h1>Kolarian</h1>
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<hw>Ko*la"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>An individual of one of the races of aboriginal inhabitants which survive in Hindostan.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Kolarians.</def></def2>

<h1>Komenic</h1>
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<hw>Ko*me"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Prob. G. <ets>mekon</ets>in (by transposition of letters) + <ets>-ic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to, or designating, an acid derived from meconic acid.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>comenic</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Komtok</h1>
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<hw>Kom"tok</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African freshwater fish (<spn>Protopterus annectens</spn>), belonging to the Dipnoi. It can breathe air by means of its lungs, and when waters dry up, it encases itself in a nest of hard mud, where it remains till the rainy season. It is used as food.</def>

<h1>Kon</h1>
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<hw>Kon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To know. See <er>Can</er>, and <er>Con</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ye <b>konnen</b> thereon as much as any man.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Konite</h1>
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<hw>Ko"nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Conite</er>.</def>

<h1>Konze</h1>
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<hw>Konze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large African antelope (<spn>Alcelaphus Lichtensteini</spn>), allied to the hartbeest, but having shorter and flatter horns, and lacking a black patch on the face.</def>

<h1>Koodoo</h1>
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<hw>Koo"doo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large South African antelope (<spn>Strepsiceros kudu</spn>). The males have graceful spiral horns, sometimes four feet long. The general color is reddish or grayish brown, with eight or nine white bands on each side, and a pale dorsal stripe. The old males become dark bluish gray, due to the skin showing through the hair. The females are hornless. Called also <altname>nellut</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kudu</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kookoom</h1>
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<hw>Koo"koom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The oryx or gemsbok.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kookaam</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Koolokamba</h1>
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<hw>Koo`lo*kam"ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A west African anthropoid ape (<spn>Troglodytes koolokamba</spn>, or <spn>T. Aubryi</spn>), allied to the chimpanzee and gorilla, and, in some respects, intermediate between them.</def>

<h1>Koolslaa</h1>
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<hw>Kool"slaa`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Coleslaw</er>.</def>

<h1>Koord</h1>
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<hw>Koord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Kurd</er>.</def>

<h1>Koordish</h1>
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<hw>Koord"ish</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Kurdish</er>.</def>

<h1>Koorilian</h1>
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<hw>Koo*ril"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a & n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Kurilian</er>.</def>

<h1>Kopeck</h1>
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<hw>Ko"peck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>kopeika</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small Russian coin. One hundred kopecks make a rouble, worth about sixty cents<-- in 1910, but three hundredths of a cent at the end of 1994. By 1992, obsolete and no longer minted. -->.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kopek</asp>, <asp>copec</asp>, and <asp>copeck</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Koran</h1>
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<hw>Ko"ran</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>gor\'ben</ets>. See <er>Alcoran</er>.]</ety> <def>The Scriptures of the Mohammedans, containing the professed revelations to Mohammed; -- called also <altname>Alcoran</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Kuran</asp> or <asp>Quran</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Korin</h1>
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<hw>Ko"rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The gazelle.</def>

<h1>Korrigum</h1>
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<hw>Kor"ri*gum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A West African antelope (<spn>Damalis Senegalensis</spn>), allied to the sassaby. It is reddish gray, with a black face, and a black stripe on the outside of the legs above the knees.</def>

<h1>Kosmos</h1>
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<hw>Kos"mos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cosmos</er>.</def>

<i>Gladstone.</i>

<h1>Kotow</h1>
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<hw>Ko*tow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Chinese, knock head.]</ety> <def>The prostration made by mandarins and others to their superiors, either as homage or worship, by knocking the forehead on the ground. There are degrees in the rite, the highest being expressed by three knockings.</def> <mark>[China]</mark><-- now now <asp>kowtow<asp> -->

<i>S. W. Williams. </i>

<h1>Kotow</h1>
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<hw>Ko*tow"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kotowed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kotowing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To perform the kotow.</def><-- now <asp>kowtow<asp> -->

<h1>Koulan</h1>
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<hw>Kou"lan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wild horse (<spn>Equus</spn>, or <spn>Asinus, onager</spn>) inhabiting the plants of Central Asia; -- called also <altname>gour</altname>, <altname>khur</altname>, and <altname>onager</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kulan</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; It is sometimes confounded with the dziggetai, to which it is closely related. It is gray in winter, but fulvous in summer. It has a well defined, dark, dorsal stripe, and a short, erect mane. In size, it is intermediate between the horse and ass.</note>

<h1>Koumiss</h1>
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<hw>Kou"miss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>kumys</ets>; of Mongolian origin.]</ety> <def>An intoxicating fermented or distilled liquor originally made by the Tartars from mare's or camel's milk. It can be obtained from any kind of milk, and is now largely made in Europe.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>koumyss</asp>, <asp>kumiss</asp>, <asp>kumish</asp>, and <asp>kumys</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote><b>Koumiss</b> has from time immemorial served the Tartar instead of wine or spirits.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kousso</h1>
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<hw>Kous"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An Abyssinian rosaceous tree (<spn>Brayera anthelmintica</spn>), the flowers of which are used as a vermifuge.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cusso</asp> and <asp>kosso</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kowtow</h1>
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<hw>Kow*tow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v. i.</tt> <def>The same as <er>Kotow</er>.</def>

<blockquote>I have salaamed and <b>kowtowed</b> to him.
<i>H. James.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kra</h1>
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<hw>Kra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A long-tailed ape (<spn>Macacus cynomolgus</spn>) of India and Sumatra. It is reddish olive, spotted with black, and has a black tail.</def>

<h1>Kraal</h1>
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<hw>Kraal</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D., a village, inclosure, park, prob. fr. Pg. <ets>curral</ets> a cattle pen; the same word as Sp. <ets>corral</ets>. See <er>Corral</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A collection of huts within a stockade; a village; sometimes, a single hut.</def> <mark>[South Africa]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inclosure into which are driven wild elephants which are to be tamed and educated.</def> <mark>[Ceylon]</mark>

<h1>Krait</h1>
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<hw>Krait</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very venomous snake of India (<spn>Bungarus c\'d2ruleus</spn>), allied to the cobra. Its upper parts are bluish or brownish black, often with narrow white streaks; the belly is whitish.</def>

<h1>Kraken</h1>
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<hw>Kra"ken</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from OSw. <ets>krake</ets>, or ODan. <ets>krage</ets> the trunk of a tree, the branches of which are not entirely cut off, to which it was likened by the Norwegian mariners.]</ety> <def>A fabulous Scandinavian sea monster, often represented as resembling an island, but sometimes as resembling an immense octopus.</def>

<blockquote>To believe all that has been said of the sea serpent or <b>kraken</b>, would be credulity; to reject the possibility of their existence, would be presumption.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Like a <b>kraken</b> huge and black.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Krakowiak</h1>
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<hw>Kra*ko"wi*ak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A lively Polish dance. See <er>Cracovienne</er>.</def>

<h1>Krameria</h1>
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<hw>Kra*me"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. So called after the German botanists, J. G. H. & W. H. <ets>Kramer</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of spreading shrubs with many stems, from one species of which (<spn>K. triandra</spn>), found in Peru, rhatany root, used as a medicine, is obtained.</def>

<h1>Krameric</h1>
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<hw>Kra*mer"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, <i>Krameria</i> (rhatany); <as>as, <ex>krameric</ex> acid, usually called <ex>ratanhia-tannic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Krang</h1>
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<hw>Krang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>kreng</ets> a carcass.]</ety> <def>The carcass of a whale after the blubber has been removed.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>crang</asp> and <asp>kreng</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kranging hook</h1>
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<hw>Krang"ing hook`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Whaling)</fld> <def>A hook for holding the blubber while cutting it away.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cranging hook</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kreatic</h1>
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<hw>Kre*at"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Creatic</er>.</def>

<h1>Kreatin</h1>
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<hw>Kre"a*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Creatin</er>.</def>

<h1>Kreatinin</h1>
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<hw>Kre*at"i*nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Creatinin</er>.</def>

<h1>Kreel</h1>
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<hw>Kreel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>See <er>Creel</er>.</def>

<h1>Kremlin</h1>
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<hw>Krem"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>kremle</ets>.]</ety> <def>The citadel of a town or city; especially, the citadel of Moscow, a large inclosure which contains imperial palaces, cathedrals, churches, an arsenal, etc.</def> <mark>[Russia]</mark>

<-- (metaphorically) the government of Russia (or, 1920-1992, of the Soviet Union) -->

<h1>Krems</h1>
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<hw>Krems</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A variety of white lead. See <cref>Krems lead</cref>, under <er>Lead</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Kreng</h1>
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<hw>Kreng</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Krang</er>.</def>

<h1>Kreosote</h1>
<Xpage=819>

<hw>Kre"o*sote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See Creosote.</def>

<h1>Kreutzer</h1>
<Xpage=819>

<hw>Kreut"zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>kreuzer</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small copper coin formerly used in South Germany; also, a small Austrian copper coin.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kreuzer</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kriegsspiel</h1>
<Xpage=819>

<hw>Kriegs"spiel`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., fr. <ets>krieg</ets> war + <ets>spiel</ets> play.]</ety> <def>A game of war, played for practice, on maps.</note>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Kris</h1>
<Xpage=819>

<hw>Kris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Malay dagger. See <er>Creese</er>.</def>

<h1>Krishna</h1>
<Xpage=819>

<hw>Krish"na</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Hindoo Myth.)</fld> <def>The most popular of the Hindoo divinities, usually held to be the eighth incarnation of the god Vishnu.</note>

<hr>
<page="820">
Page 820<p>

<h1>Kritarchy</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kri"tarch*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ judge + <?/ beginning, government.]</ety> <def>The rule of the judges over Israel.</def>

<blockquote>Samson, Jephthah, Gideon, and other heroes of the <b>kritarchy</b>.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Krokidolite</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kro*kid"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Crocidolite</er>.</def>

<h1>Krone</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kro"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[Dan.]</ety> <def>A coin of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, of the value of about twenty-eight cents. See <er>Crown</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 9.</def>

<h1>Krooman</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kroo"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Kroomen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One of a negro tribe of Liberia and the adjacent coast, whose members are much employed on shipboard.</def>

<h1>Kruller</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Krul"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cruller</er>.</def>

<h1>Krummhorn, Krumhorn</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw><hw>Krumm"horn`</hw>, <hw>Krum"horn`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>krummhorn</ets> horn.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A reed instrument of music of the cornet kind, now obsolete (see <er>Cornet</er>, 1, <tt>a.</tt>)</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A reed stop in the organ; -- sometimes called <i>cremona</i>.</def>

<h1>Krupp gun</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Krupp" gun"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A breech-loading steel cannon manufactured at the works of Friedrich <i>Krupp</i>, at Essen in Prussia. Guns of over eight-inch bore are made up of several concentric cylinders; those of a smaller size are forged solid.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Kryolite</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kry"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cryolite</er>.</def>

<h1>Ksar</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ksar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Czar</er>.</def>

<h1>Kshatriya, Kshatruya</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw><hw>Ksha"tri*ya</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ksha"tru*ya</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt><ety>[Skr. <ets>kshatriya</ets> one belonging to the military caste.]</ety> <def>The military caste, the second of the four great Hindoo castes; also, a member of that caste. See <er>Caste</er>.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Kuda</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ku"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The East Indian tapir. See <er>Tapir</er>.</def>

<h1>Kudos</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ku"dos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>ky^dos</grk> glory.]</ety> <def>Glory; fame; renown; praise.</def>

<i>W. H. Russel.</i>

<h1>Kudos</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ku"dos</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To praise; to extol; to glorify.</def> "<i>Kudos'd</i> egregiously." <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Kudu</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ku"du</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Koodoo</er>.</def>

<h1>Kufic</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ku"fic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Cufic</er>.</def>

<h1>Kukang</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ku*kang"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <def>The slow lemur. See <er>Lemur</er>.</def>

<h1>Kuklux</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ku`klux"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The name adopted in the southern part of the United States by a secret political organization, active for several years after the close of the Civil War, and having for its aim the repression of the political power of the freedmen; -- called also <altname>Kuklux Klan</altname>.</def><-- also spelled Ku Klux Klan, also called the Klan. -->

<h1>Kulan</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ku"lan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Koulan</er>.</def>

<h1>Kumish, Kumiss</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw><hw>Ku"mish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ku"miss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Koumiss</er>.</def>

<h1>Kummel</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kum"mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>k\'81mmel</ets> cumin, caraway seed, L. <ets>cuminum</ets>. Cf. <er>Cumin</er>.]</ety> <def>A Russian and German liqueur, consisting of a sweetened spirit flavored with caraway seeds.</def>

<h1>Kumquat</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kum"quat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Chin. <ets>kin keu</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small tree of the genus <spn>Citrus</spn> (<spn>C. Japonica</spn>) growing in China and Japan; also, its small acid, orange-colored fruit used for preserves.</def>

<h1>Kupfernickel</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kup"fer*nick"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. See <er>Copper</er>, and <er>Nickel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Copper-nickel; niccolite. See <er>Niccolite</er>.</def>

<h1>Kurd</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kurd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>A native or inhabitant of a mountainous region of Western Asia belonging to the Turkish and Persian monarchies.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Koord</asp>.]</altsp><-- parts of this group live in Turkey, Iran, and Iraq -->

<h1>Kurdish</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kurd"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Kurds.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Koordish</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kurilian</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ku*ril"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Kurile Islands, a chain of islands in the Pacific ocean, extending from the southern extremity of Kamschatka to Yesso.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or an inhabitant of the Kurile Islands.</def></def2> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Koorilian</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kursaal</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kur"saal`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[G.]</ety> <def>A public hall or room, for the use of visitors at watering places and health resorts in Germany.</def>

<h1>Kusimanse</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ku`si*man"se</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carnivorous animal (<spn>Crossarchus obscurus</spn>) of tropical Africa. It its allied to the civets. Called also <altname>kusimansel</altname>, and <altname>mangue</altname>.</def>

<h1>Kuskus</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kus"kus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[Per. & Hind. <ets>khaskhas</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Vetiver</er>.</def>

<h1>Kussier</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kus"si*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>(Mus.) A Turkish instrument of music, with a hollow body covered with skin, over which five strings are stretched.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kussir</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kutauss</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ku*tauss"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The India civet (<spn>Viverra zibetha</spn>).</def>

<h1>Kutch</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kutch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Goldbeating)</fld> <def>The packet of vellum leaves in which the gold is first beaten into thin sheets.</def>

<h1>Kutch</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kutch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Catechu</er>.</def>

<h1>Ky</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ky</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Kine. <mark>[Scot.]</mark> See <er>Kee</er>, <er>Kie</er>, and <er>Kine</er>.</def>

<h1>Kyaboca wood</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ky`a*bo"ca wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Amboyna wood.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Sandalwood <fld>(Santalum album)</fld>.</def>

<h1>Kyannite</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ky"an*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cyanite</er>.</def>

<h1>Kyanize</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ky"an*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Kyanized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kyanizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From Mr. <ets>Kyan</ets>, the inventor of the process.]</ety> <def>To render (wood) proof against decay by saturating with a solution of corrosive sublimate in open tanks, or under pressure.</def>

<h1>Kyanol</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ky"a*nol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cyanite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Aniline.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A base obtained from coal tar.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Kyanophyll</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ky*an"o*phyll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Cyanophyll</er>.</def>

<h1>Kyar</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kyar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cocoanut fiber, or the cordage made from it. See <er>Coir</er>.</def>

<h1>Kyaw</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kyaw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A daw.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Kyd</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kyd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Kythe</er>.</def>

<h1>Kydde</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kyd"de</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Kythe</er>, to show.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<note>&hand; Spenser erroneously uses <i>kydst</i> to mean "knowest."</note>

<h1>Kyke</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kyke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Kike</er>.]</ety> <def>To look steadfastly; to gaze.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kike</asp>, <asp>keke</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>This Nicholas sat ever gaping upright,
As he had <b>kyked</b> on the newe moon.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kyley</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ky"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>A variety of the boomerang.</def>

<h1>Kyloes</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ky"loes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>The cattle of the Hebrides, or of the Highlands.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Kymnel</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kym"nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Kimnel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Kymograph</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ky"mo*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wave + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring, and recording graphically, the pressure of the blood in any of the blood vessels of a living animal; -- called also <altname>kymographion</altname>.</def>

<h1>Kymographic</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ky`mo*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a kymograph; <as>as, a <ex>kymographic</ex> tracing</as>.</def>

<h1>Kymric</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kym"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cymric</er>, <tt>a. & n.</tt></def>

<h1>Kymry</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kym"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cymry</er>.</def>

<h1>Kynrede</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kyn"rede</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Kindred.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Kynurenic</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ky`nu*ren"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, dog + <?/ urine.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from the urine of dogs. By decomposition the acid yields a nitrogenous base (called <i>kynurin</i>) and carbonic acid.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>cynurenic</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Kyrie</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kyr"i*e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Kyrie eleison</er>.</def>

<h1>Kyrie eleison</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kyr"i*e e*lei"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <grk>ky`rie 'elei^son</grk> .]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>Greek words, meaning "Lord, have mercy upon us," used in the Mass, the breviary offices, the litany of the saints, etc.</def>

<i>Addis & Arnold.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The name given to the response to the Commandments, in the service of the Church of England and of the Protestant Episcopal Church.</def>

<h1>Kyrielle</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kyr`i*elle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>kyrielle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A litany beginning with the words.</def> "Kyrie eleison."

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Kyriolexy, Kyriology</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw><hw>Kyr"i*o*lex`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Kyr`i*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/. See <er>Curiologic</er>.]</ety> <def>The use of literal or simple expressions, as distinguished from the use of figurative or obscure ones.</def>

<i>Krauth-Fleming.</i>

<h1>Kyriological</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kyr`i*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Curiologic</er>.]</ety> <def>Serving to denote objects by conventional signs or alphabetical characters; <as>as, the original Greek alphabet of sixteen letters was called <ex>kyriologic</ex>, because it represented the pure elementary sounds</as>. See <er>Curiologic</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>curiologic</asp> and <asp>kuriologic</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; The term is also applied, as by Warburton, to those Egyptian hieroglyphics, in which a part is put conventionally for the whole, as in depicting a battle by two hands, one holding a shield and the other a bow.</note>

<h1>Kythe, Kithe</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw><hw>Kythe</hw>, <hw>Kithe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Kydde</er>, <er>Kidde</er> <tt>(k&icr;d"d<it>e<it>)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Kythed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, Kid; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Kything</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>kythen</ets>, <ets>kithen</ets>, <ets>cu<?/en</ets>, to make known, AS. <ets>c<?/<?/an</ets>, fr. <ets>c<?/<?/</ets> known. <?/. See <er>Uncouth</er>, <er>Ca<?/</er> to be able, and cf. <er>Kith</er>.]</ety> <def>To make known; to manifest; to show; to declare.</def> <mark>[Obs: or Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>For gentle hearte <b>kytheth</b> gentilesse.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kythe</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Kythe</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To come into view; to appear.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>It <b>kythes</b> bright . . . because all is dark around it.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Kytomiton</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ky*tom"i*ton</hw>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a hollow vessel + <?/ a thread.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Karyomiton</er>.</def>

<h1>Kytoplasma</h1>
<Xpage=820>

<hw>Ky`to*plas"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a hollow vessel + <?/ thing molded.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Karyoplasma</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="821">
Page 821<p>

<centered><point26>L.</point26></centered>


<h1>L</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>L</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>L is the twelfth letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. It is usually called a <i>semivowel</i> or <i>liquid</i>. Its form and value are from the Greek, through the Latin, the form of the Greek letter being from the Ph\'d2nician, and the ultimate origin prob. Egyptian. Etymologically, it is most closely related to <i>r</i> and <i>u</i>; as in pi<i>l</i>grim, pe<i>r</i>egrine, co<i>u</i>ch (fr. co<i>ll</i>ocare), a<i>u</i>bura (fr. LL. a<i>l</i>burnus).</def>

<note>    At the end of monosyllables containing a single vowel, it is often doubled, as in <i>fall</i>, <i>full</i>, <i>bell</i>; but not after digraphs, as in <i>foul</i>, <i>fool</i>, <i>prowl</i>, <i>growl</i>, <i>foal</i>. In English words, the terminating syllable <i>le</i> is unaccented, the <i>e</i> is silent, and <i>l</i> is preceded by a voice glide, as in <i>able</i>, <i>eagle</i>, pronounced <i>\'be</i>\'b6<i>b'l</i>, <i><?/</i>\'b6<i>g'l</i>.
    See <it>Guide to Pronunciation</it>, &sect; 241.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>As a numeral, L stands for fifty in the English, as in the Latin language.</def>

<blockquote>For 50 the Romans used the Chalcidian <it>chi</it>, <?/, which assumed the less difficult lapidary type, <?/, and was then easily assimilated to L.
<i>I. Taylor (The Alphabet).</i></blockquote>

<h1>L</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>L</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An extension at right angles to the length of a main building, giving to the ground plan a form resembling the letter <boxtype>L</boxtype>; sometimes less properly applied to a narrower, or lower, extension in the direction of the length of the main building; a wing. <altsp>[Written also <asp>ell</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A short right-angled pipe fitting, used in connecting two pipes at right angles</def>. <altsp>[Written also <asp>ell</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>La</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>La</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A syllable applied to the sixth tone of the scale in music in solmization.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The tone A; -- so called among the French and Italians.</def>

<h1>La</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>La</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Lo</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Look; see; behold; -- sometimes followed by <spn>you</spn>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An exclamation of surprise; -- commonly followed by <i>me</i>; <as>as, <ex>La</ex> me!</as></def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Laas</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>Laas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lace. See <er>Lace</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lab</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>Lab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OD. <ets>labben</ets> to babble.]</ety> <def>To prate; to gossip; to babble; to blab.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lab</h1>
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<hw>Lab</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A telltale; a prater; a blabber.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "I am no <i>lab</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Labadist</h1>
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<hw>Lab"a*dist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of Jean de <i>Labadie</i>, a religious teacher of the 17th century, who left the Roman Catholic Church and taught a kind of mysticism, and the obligation of community of property among Christians.</def>

<h1>Labarraque's solution</h1>
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<hw>La`bar`raque's" so*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From <ets>Labarraque</ets>, a Parisian apothecary.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An aqueous solution of hypochlorite of sodium, extensively used as a disinfectant.</def>

<h1>Labarum</h1>
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<hw>Lab"a*rum</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Labara</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>The standard adopted by the Emperor Constantine after his conversion to Christianity. It is described as a pike bearing a silk banner hanging from a crosspiece, and surmounted by a golden crown. It bore a monogram of the first two letters (<grk>CHR</grk>)<-- appearing as English XP --> of the name of Christ in its Greek form. Later, the name was given to various modifications of this standard.</def>
<-- Illustration of monogram, an X (Greek CHI) superimposed on a lengthened P (Greek RHO) -->

<h1>Labdanum</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>Lab"da*num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ladanum</er>.</def>

<h1>Labefaction</h1>
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<hw>Lab`e*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Labefy</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of labefying or making weak; the state of being weakened; decay; ruin.</def>

<blockquote>There is in it such a <b>labefaction</b> of all principles as may be injurious to morality.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Labefy</h1>
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<hw>Lab"e*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>labefacere</ets>; <ets>labare</ets> to totter + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>To weaken or impair.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Label</h1>
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<hw>La"bel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>label</ets> sort of ribbon or fringe, label in heraldry, F. <ets>lambeau</ets> shred, strip, rag; of uncertain origin; cf. L.<ets>labellum</ets>, dim. of <ets>labrum</ets> lip, edge, margin, G. <ets>lappen</ets> flap, patch, rag, tatter (cf. <er>Lap</er> of a dress), W. <ets>llab</ets>, <ets>llabed</ets>, label, flap, Gael. <ets>leab</ets>, <ets>leob</ets>, slice, shred, hanging lip.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tassel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Huloet. Fuller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A slip of silk, paper, parchment, etc., affixed to anything, usually by an inscription, the contents, ownership, destination, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>label</ex> of a bottle or a package</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A slip of ribbon, parchment, etc., attached to a document to hold the appended seal; also, the seal.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A writing annexed by way of addition, as a codicil added to a will.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A barrulet, or, rarely, a bendlet, with pendants, or points, usually three, especially used as a mark of cadency to distinguish an eldest or only son while his father is still living.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A brass rule with sights, formerly used, in connection with a circumferentor, to take altitudes.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Gothic Arch.)</fld> <def>The name now generally given to the projecting molding by the sides, and over the tops, of openings in medi\'91val architecture. It always has a <?/quare form, as in the illustration.</def>

<i>Arch. Pub. Soc.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>In medi\'91val art, the representation of a band or scroll containing an inscription.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Label</h1>
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<hw>La"bel</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Labeled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Labelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Labeling</er> or <er>Labelling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To affix a label to; to mark with a name, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>label</ex> a bottle or a package</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To affix in or on a label.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Labeler</h1>
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<hw>La"bel*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who labels.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>labeller</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Labellum</h1>
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<hw>La*bel"lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Labella</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Labellums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>labrum</ets> lip.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The lower or apparently anterior petal of an orchidaceous flower, often of a very curious shape.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small appendage beneath the upper lip or labrum of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Labent</h1>
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<hw>La"bent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>labens</ets>, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>pr</ets>. of <ets>labi</ets> to slide, glide.]</ety> <def>Slipping; sliding; gliding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Labia</h1>
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<hw>La"bi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Labium</er>.</def>

<h1>Labial</h1>
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<hw>La"bi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>labialis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>labium</ets> lip: cf. F. <ets>labial</ets>. See <er>Lip</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the lips or labia; <as>as, <ex>labial</ex> veins</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Furnished with lips; <as>as, a <ex>labial</ex> organ pipe</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Articulated, as a consonant, mainly by the lips, as b, p, m, w</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Modified, as a vowel, by contraction of the lip opening, as &oomac; (f&oomac;d), &omac; (&omac;ld), etc., and as <it>eu</it> and <it>u</it> in French, and <it>\'94</it>, <it>\'81</it> in German. See Guide to Pronunciation, <sect&sect; 11, 178.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the labium; <as>as, the <ex>labial</ex> palpi of insects</as>. See <er>Labium</er>.</def>

<h1>Labial</h1>
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<hw>La"bi*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>A letter or character representing an articulation or sound formed or uttered chiefly with the lips, as <stype>b</stype>, <stype>p</stype>, <stype>w</stype>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An organ pipe that is furnished with lips; a flue pipe.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the scales which border the mouth of a fish or reptile.</def>

<h1>Labialism</h1>
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<hw>La"bi*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>The quality of being labial; <as>as, the <ex>labialism</ex> of an articulation</as>; conversion into a labial, as of a sound which is different in another language.</def>

<i>J. Peile.</i>

<h1>Labialization</h1>
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<hw>La`bi*al*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>The modification of an articulation by contraction of the lip opening.</def>

<h1>Labialize</h1>
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<hw>La"bi*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>To modify by contraction of the lip opening.</def>

<h1>Labially</h1>
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<hw>La"bi*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a labial manner; with, or by means of, the lips.</def>

<h1>Labiate</h1>
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<hw>La"bi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To labialize.</def>

<i>Brewer.</i>

<h1>Labiate</h1>
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<hw>La"bi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>labiatus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>labium</ets> lip.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the limb of a tubular corolla or calyx divided into two unequal parts, one projecting over the other like the lips of a mouth, as in the snapdragon, sage, and catnip.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Belonging to a natural order of plants (<spn>Labiat\'91</spn>), of which the mint, sage, and catnip are examples. They are mostly aromatic herbs.</def>

<h1>Labiate</h1>
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<hw>La"bi*ate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the order <spn>Labiat\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Labiated</h1>
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<hw>La"bi*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Labiate</er>, <tt>a.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Labiatifloral, Labiatifloral</h1>
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<hw><hw>La`bi*a`ti*flo"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>La`bi*a`ti*flo"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Labiate</ets> + L. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having labiate flowers, as the snapdragon.</def>

<h1>Labidometer</h1>
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<hw>Lab`i*dom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, a forceps + <ets>meter</ets>:  cf. F. <ets>labidometre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A forceps with a measuring attachment for ascertaining the size of the fetal head.</def>

<h1>Labile</h1>
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<hw>La"bile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>labilis</ets> apt to slip, fr. <ets>labi</ets> to slip.]</ety> <def>Liable to slip, err, fall, or apostatize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Lability</h1>
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<hw>La*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Liability to lapse, err, or apostatize.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Labimeter</h1>
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<hw>La*bim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>labimetre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Labidometer</er>.</def>

<h1>Labiodental</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>La`bi*o*den"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Labium</ets> + <ets>dental</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>Formed or pronounced by the cooperation of the lips and teeth, as <i>f</i> and <i>v</i>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A labiodental sound or letter.</def></def2>

<h1>Labionasal</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>La`bi*o*na"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Labium</ets> + <ets>nasal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>Formed by the lips and the nose.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A labionasal sound or letter.</def></def2>

<h1>Labiose</h1>
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<hw>La"bi*ose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Labium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the appearance of being labiate; -- said of certain polypetalous corollas.</def>

<h1>Labipalpus</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>La`bi*pal"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Labipalpi</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL. See <er>Labium</er>, and <er>Palpus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the labial palpi of an insect. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Labium</er>.</def>

<h1>Labium</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>La"bi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> ; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Labia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Labiums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A lip, or liplike organ.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The lip of an organ pipe.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The folds of integument at the opening of the vulva.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The organ of insects which covers the mouth beneath, and serves as an under lip. It consists of the second pair of maxill\'91, usually closely united in the middle line, but bearing a pair of palpi in most insects. It often consists of a thin anterior part (<i>ligula or palpiger</i>) and a firmer posterior plate (<i>mentum</i>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Inner margin of the aperture of a shell.</def>

<h1>Lablab</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>Lab"lab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>an East Indian name for several twining leguminous plants related to the bean, but commonly applied to the hyacinth bean (<spn>Delichos Lablab</spn>).</def>

<h1>Labor</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>La"bor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>labour</ets>, OF. <ets>labour</ets>, <ets>laber</ets>, <ets>labur</ets>, F. <ets>labeur</ets>, L. <ets>labor</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ to take, Skr. <ets>labh</ets> to get, seize.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>labour</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Physical toil or bodily exertion, especially when fatiguing, irksome, or unavoidable, in distinction from sportive exercise; hard, muscular effort directed to some useful end, as agriculture, manufactures, and like; servile toil; exertion; work.</def>

<blockquote>God hath set
<b>Labor</b> and rest, as day and night, to men
Successive.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Intellectual exertion; mental effort; <as>as, the <ex>labor</ex> of compiling a history</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which requires hard work for its accomplishment; that which demands effort.</def>

<blockquote>Being a <b>labor</b> of so great a difficulty, the exact performance thereof we may rather wish than look for.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Travail; the pangs and efforts of childbirth.</def>

<blockquote>The queen's in <b>labor</b>,
They say, in great extremity; and feared
She'll with the <b>labor</b> end.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Any pang or distress.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The pitching or tossing of a vessel which results in the straining of timbers and rigging.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A measure of land in Mexico and Texas, equivalent to an area of 177<frac17/ acres.</def>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Work; toil; drudgery; task; exertion; effort; industry; painstaking. See <er>Toll</er>.</syn>

<h1>Labor</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>La"bor</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Labored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Laboring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>labouren</ets>, F. <ets>labourer</ets>, L. <ets>laborare</ets>. See <er>Labor</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>labour</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To exert muscular strength; to exert one's strength with painful effort, particularly in servile occupations; to work; to toil.</def>

<blockquote>Adam, well may we <b>labor</b> still to dress
This garden.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exert one's powers of mind in the prosecution of any design; to strive; to take pains.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be oppressed with difficulties or disease; to do one's work under conditions which make it especially hard, wearisome; to move slowly, as against opposition, or under a burden; to be burdened; -- often with <i>under</i>, and formerly with <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The stone that <b>labors</b> up the hill.
<i>Granville.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The line too <b>labors</b>,and the words move slow.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To cure the disorder under which he <b>labored</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Come unto me, all ye that <b>labor</b> and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.
<i>Matt. xi. 28</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be in travail; to suffer the pangs of childbirth.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To pitch or roll heavily, as a ship in a turbulent sea.</def>

<i> Totten.</i>

<h1>Labor</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>La"bor</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>labourer</ets>, L. <ets>laborare</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To work at; to work; to till; to cultivate by toil.</def>

<blockquote>The most excellent lands are lying fallow, or only <b>labored</b> by children.
<i>W. Tooke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form or fabricate with toil, exertion, or care.</def> "To <i>labor</i> arms for Troy."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To prosecute, or perfect, with effort; to urge stre<?/uously; <as>as, to <ex>labor</ex> a point or argument</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To belabor; to beat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Laborant</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>Lab"o*rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>laborans</ets>, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>pr</ets>. <ets>of laborare</ets> to labor.]</ety> <def>A chemist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Laboratory</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>Lab"o*ra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Laboratories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Shortened fr. <ets>elaboratory</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>elaboratoire</ets>, F. <ets>laboratoire</ets>. See <er>Elaborate</er>, <er>Labor.</er>]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>elaboratory.</asp>]</altsp> <def>The workroom of a chemist; also, a place devoted to experiments in any branch of natural science; <as>as, a chemical, physical, or biological <ex>laboratory</ex></as>. Hence, by extension, a place where something is prepared, or some operation is performed; <as>as, the liver is the <ex>laboratory</ex> of the bile</as>.</def>

<h1>Labored</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>La"bored</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bearing marks of labor and effort; elaborately wrought; not easy or natural; <as>as, <ex>labored</ex> poetry; a <ex>labored</ex> style.</as></def>

<h1>Laboredly</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>La"bored*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a labored manner; with labor.</def>

<h1>Laborer</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>La"bor*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>labourer</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who labors in a toilsome occupation; a person who does work that requires strength rather than skill, as distinguished from that of an <i>artisan</i>.</def>

<h1>Laboring</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>La"bor*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That labors; performing labor; esp., performing coarse, heavy work, not requiring skill also, set apart for labor; <as>as, <ex>laboring</ex> days</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The sleep of a <b>laboring</b> man is sweet.
<i>eccl. v. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suffering pain or grief.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<cs><col>Laboring oar</col>, <cd>the oar which requires most strength and exertion; often used figuratively; as, to have, or pull, the <i>laboring oar<i> in some difficult undertaking.</cd></cs>

<h1>Laborious</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>La*bo"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>laboriosus</ets>,fr. <ets>labor</ets> labor: cf. F. <ets>laborieux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Requiring labor, perseverance, or sacrifices; toilsome; tiresome.</def>

<blockquote>Dost thou love watchings, abstinence, or toil,
<b>Laborious</b> virtues all ? Learn these from Cato.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Devoted to labor; diligent; industrious; <as>as, a <ex>laborious</ex> mechanic</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>La*bo"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>La*bo"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Laborless</h1>
<Xpage=821>

<hw>La"bor*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not involving labor; not laborious; easy.</def>

<hr>
<page="822">
Page 822<p>

<h1>Laborous</h1>
<Xpage=822>

<hw>La"bor*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Laborious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Wyatt</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>La"bor*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Sir T. Elyot</i>.</wordforms>

<h1>Labor-saving</h1>
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<hw>La"bor-sav`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Saving labor; adapted to supersede or diminish the labor of men; <as>as, <ex>laborsaving</ex> machinery</as>.</def>

<h1>Laborsome</h1>
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<hw>La"bor*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made with, or requiring, great labor, pains, or diligence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Likely or inclined to roll or pitch, as a ship in a heavy sea; having a tendency to labor.</def>

<h1>Labrador</h1>
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<hw>Lab`ra*dor"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A region of British America on the Atlantic coast, north of Newfoundland.</def>

<cs><col>Labrador duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a sea duck (<spn>Camtolaimus Labradorius</spn>) allied to the eider ducks. It was formerly common on the coast of New England, but is now supposed to be extinct, no specimens having been reported since 1878.</cd> -- <col>Labrador feldspar</col>. <cd>See <er>Labradorite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Labrador tea</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name of two low, evergreen shrubs of the genus <spn>Ledum</spn> (<spn>L. palustre</spn> and <spn>L. latifolium</spn>), found in Northern Europe and America. They are used as tea in British America, and in Scandinavia as a substitute for hops.</cd></cs>

<h1>Labradorite</h1>
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<hw>Lab"ra*dor`ite</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A kind of feldspar commonly showing a beautiful play of colors, and hence much used for ornamental purposes. The finest specimens come from Labrador. See <er>Feldspar</er>.</def>

<h1>Labras</h1>
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<hw>La"bras</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>labrum</ets>; cf. It. <ets>labbro</ets>, pl. <ets>labbra</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lips.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Labroid</h1>
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<hw>La"broid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Labrus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like the genus Labrus; belonging to the family <spn>Labrid\'91</spn>, an extensive family of marine fishes, often brilliantly colored, which are very abundant in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The tautog and cunner are American examples.</def>

<h1>Labrose</h1>
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<hw>La"brose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>labrosus</ets>, fr. <ets>labrum</ets> lip.]</ety> <def>Having thick lips.</def>

<h1>Labrum</h1>
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<hw>La"brum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Labra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Labrums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A lip or edge, as of a basin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An organ in insects and crustaceans covering the upper part of the mouth, and serving as an upper lip. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Hymenoptera</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The external margin of the aperture of a shell. See <er>Univalve</er>.</def>

<h1>Labrus</h1>
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<hw>La"brus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Labri</plw> <tt>(-br&imac;)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a sort of fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine fishes, including the wrasses of Europe. See <er>Wrasse</er>.</def>

<h1>Laburnic</h1>
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<hw>La*bur`nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the laburnum.</def>

<h1>La-burnine</h1>
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<hw>La-bur`nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous alkaloid found in the unripe seeds of the laburnum.</def>

<h1>Laburnum</h1>
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<hw>La*bur"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small leguminous tree (<spn>Cytisus Laburnum</spn>), native of the Alps. The plant is reputed to be poisonous, esp. the bark and seeds. It has handsome racemes of yellow blossoms.</def>

<note>&hand; Scotch laburnum (<spn>Cytisus alpinus</spn>) is similar, but has smooth leaves; purple laburnum is <spn>C. purpureus</spn>.

<h1>Labyrinth</h1>
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<hw>Lab"y*rinth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>labyrinthus</ets>, Gr. <grk>laby`rinthos</grk>: cf. F. <ets>labyrinthe</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An edifice or place full of intricate passageways which render it difficult to find the way from the interior to the entrance; <as>as, the Egyptian and Cretan <ex>labyrinths</ex></as>.</def>
<-- said to be from from the ax symbol of the "labyrinth" at Knossos, Crete -- a multistoried royal palace with labyrinthine passages between rooms. -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any intricate or involved inclosure; especially, an ornamental maze or inclosure in a park or garden.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any object or arrangement of an intricate or involved form, or having a very complicated nature.</def>

<blockquote>The serpent . . . fast sleeping soon he found,
In <b>labyrinth</b> of many a round self-rolled.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>labyrinth</b> of the mind.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An inextricable or bewildering difficulty.</def>

<blockquote>I' the maze and winding <b>labyrinths o' the world</b>.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The internal ear. See Note under <er>Ear</er>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A series of canals through which a stream of water is directed for suspending, carrying off, and depositing at different distances, the ground ore of a metal.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A pattern or design representing a maze, -- often inlaid in the tiled floor of a church, etc.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Maze; confusion; intricacy; windings.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Labyrinth</er>, <er>Maze</er>. <i>Labyrinth</i>, originally; the name of an edifice or excavation, carries the idea of design, and construction in a permanent form, while <i>maze</i> is used of anything confused or confusing, whether fixed or shifting.  <i>Maze</i> is less restricted in its figurative uses than <i>labyrinth</i>. We speak of the <i>labyrinth</i> of the ear, or of the mind, and of a <i>labyrinth</i> of difficulties; but of the <i>mazes</i> of the dance, the <i>mazes</i> of political intrigue, or of the mind being in a <i>maze</i>.</usage>

<h1>Labyrinthal</h1>
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<hw>Lab`y*rin"thal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a labyrinth; intricate; labyrinthian.</def>

<h1>Labyrinthian</h1>
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<hw>Lab`y*rin"thi*an</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Intricately winding; like a labyrinth; perplexed; labyrinthal.</def>

<h1>Labyrinthibranch</h1>
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<hw>Lab`y*rin"thi*branch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Labyrinth</er>, and <er>Branchia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Labyrinthici.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Labyrinthici.</def></def2>

<h1>Labyrinthic, Labyrinthical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lab`y*rin"thic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lab`y*rin`thic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>labyrinthicus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>labyrinthique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like or pertaining to a labyrinth.</def>

<h1>Labyrinthici</h1>
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<hw>Lab`y*rin"thi*ci</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Labyrinth</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of teleostean fishes, including the Anabas, or climbing perch, and other allied fishes.</def>

<note>&hand; They have, connected with the gill chamber, a special cavity in which a labyrinthiform membrane is arranged so as to retain water to supply the gills while the fish leaves the water and travels about on land, or even climbs trees.</note>

<h1>Labyrinthiform</h1>
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<hw>Lab`y*rin"thi*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Labyrinth</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>labyrinthiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a labyrinth; intricate.</def>

<h1>Labyrinthine</h1>
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<hw>Lab`y*rin"thine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or like, a labyrinth; labyrinthal.</def>

<h1>Labyrinthodon</h1>
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<hw>Lab`y*rin"tho*don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ labyrinth + <?/, <?/, tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of very large fossil amphibians, of the Triassic period, having bony plates on the under side of the body. It is the type of the order Labyrinthodonta. Called also <spn>Mastodonsaurus</spn>.</def>

<h1>Labyrinthodont</h1>
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<hw>Lab`y*rin"tho*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Labyrinthodonta.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Labyrinthodonta.</def></def2>

<h1>Labyrinthodonta</h1>
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<hw>Lab`y*rin`tho*don"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Labyrinthodon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct order of Amphibia, including the typical genus Labyrinthodon, and many other allied forms, from the Carboniferous, Permian, and Triassic formations. By recent writers they are divided into two or more orders. See <er>Stegocephala</er>.</def>

<h1>Lac, Lakh</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lakh</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>lak</ets>, <ets>l\'bekh</ets>, <ets>l\'beksh</ets>, Skr. <ets>laksha</ets> a mark, sign, lakh.]</ety> <def>One hundred thousand; also, a vaguely great number; <as>as, a <ex>lac</ex> of rupees</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lack</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[East Indies]</mark>

<h1>Lac</h1>
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<hw>Lac</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>lak</ets>; akin to Skr. <ets>l\'beksh\'be</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lague</ets>, It. & NL. <ets>lacca</ets>. Cf. <er>Lake</er> a color, <er>Lacquer</er>, <er>Litmus</er>.]</ety> <def>A resinous substance produced mainly on the banyan tree, but to some extent on other trees, by the <spn>Coccus lacca</spn><-- now Laccifer lacca -->, a scale-shaped insect, the female of which fixes herself on the bark, and exudes from the margin of her body this resinous substance.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Stick-lac</i> is the substance in its natural state, incrusting small twigs. When broken off, and the coloring matter partly removed, the granular residuum is called <i>seed-lac</i>. When melted, and reduced to a thin crust, it is called <i>shell-lac</i> or <i>shellac</i>. Lac is an important ingredient in sealing wax, dyes, varnishes, and lacquers.</note>

<cs><col>Ceylon lac</col>, <cd>a resinous exudation of the tree <i>Croton lacciferum<i>, resembling lac.</cd> -- <col>Lac dye</col>, <cd>a scarlet dye obtained from stick-lac.</cd> -- <col>Lac lake</col>, <cd>the coloring matter of lac dye when precipitated from its solutions by alum.</cd> -- <col>Mexican lac</col>, <cd>an exudation of the tree <i>Croton Draco<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Laccic</h1>
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<hw>Lac"cic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>laccique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to lac, or produced from it; <as>as, <ex>laccic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Laccin</h1>
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<hw>Lac"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>laccine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow amorphous substance obtained from lac.</def>

<h1>Laccolite, Laccolith</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lac"co*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lac"co*lith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a cistern + <ets>-lite</ets>, <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A mass of igneous rock intruded between sedimentary beds and resulting in a mammiform bulging of the overlying strata.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Lac`co*lit"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lace</h1>
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<hw>Lace</hw> <tt>(l\'bes)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>las</ets>, OF. <ets>laz</ets>, F. <ets>lacs</ets>, dim. <ets>lacet</ets>, fr. L. <ets>laqueus</ets> noose, snare; prob. akin to <ets>lacere</ets> to entice. Cf. <er>Delight</er>, <er>Elicit</er>, <er>Lasso</er>, <er>Latchet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which binds or holds, especially by being interwoven; a string, cord, or band, usually one passing through eyelet or other holes, and used in drawing and holding together parts of a garment, of a shoe, of a machine belt, etc.</def>

<blockquote>His hat hung at his back down by a <b>lace</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For striving more, the more in <b>laces</b> strong
Himself he tied.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A snare or gin, especially one made of interwoven cords; a net.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<blockquote>Vulcanus had caught thee [Venus] in his <b>lace</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A fabric of fine threads of linen, silk, cotton, etc., often ornamented with figures; a delicate tissue of thread, much worn as an ornament of dress.</def>

<blockquote>Our English dames are much given to the wearing of costly<b>laces</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Spirits added to coffee or some other beverage.</def> <mark>[Old Slang]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<cs><col>Alencon lace</col>, <cd>a kind of point lace, entirely of needlework, first made at Alencon in France, in the 17th century. It is very durable and of great beauty and cost.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Bone lace</col>, <col>Brussels lace</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Bone</er>, <er>Brussels</er>, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Gold lace</col>, &or; <col>Silver lace</col></mcol>, <cd>lace having warp threads of silk, or silk and cotton, and a weft of silk threads covered with gold (or silver), or with gilt.</cd> -- <col>Lace leather</col>, <cd>thin, oil-tanned leather suitable for cutting into lacings for machine belts.</cd> -- <col>Lace lizard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, aquatic, Australian lizard (<spn>Hydrosaurus giganteus</spn>), allied to the monitors.</cd> -- <col>Lace paper</col>, <cd>paper with an openwork design in imitation of lace.</cd> -- <col>Lace piece</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>the main piece of timber which supports the beak or head projecting beyond the stem of a ship.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Lace pillow</col>, &and; <col>Pillow lace</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Pillow</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lace</h1>
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<hw>Lace</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Laced</er> <tt>(\'best)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lacing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fasten with a lace; to draw together with a lace passed through eyelet holes; to unite with a lace or laces, or, figuratively. with anything resembling laces.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>When Jenny's stays are newly <b>laced</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To adorn with narrow strips or braids of some decorative material; <as>as, cloth <ex>laced</ex> with silver</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To beat; to lash; to make stripes on.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>I'll <b>lace</b> your coat for ye.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To add spirits to (a beverage).</def> <mark>[Old Slang]</mark>

<h1>Lace</h1>
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<hw>Lace</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be fastened with a lace, or laces; <as>as, these boots <ex>lace</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Lace-bark</h1>
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<hw>Lace"-bark`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shrub in the West Indies (<spn>Lagetta Iintearia</spn>); -- so called from the lacelike layers of its inner bark.</def>

<h1>Laced</h1>
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<hw>Laced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fastened with a lace or laces; decorated with narrow strips or braid. See <er>Lace</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Decorated with the fabric lace.</def>

<blockquote>A shirt with <b>laced</b> ruffles.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Laced mutton</col>, <cd>a prostitute.</cd> <mark>[Old slang]</mark> -- <col>Laced stocking</col>, <cd>a strong stocking which can be tightly laced; -- used in cases of weak legs, varicose veins, etc. <i>Dunglison.</i></cd>

<h1>Laced\'91monian</h1>
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<hw>Lac`e*d\'91*mo"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Lacedamonius</ets>, Gr. <grk>Lakedaimo`nios</grk>, fr. <grk>Lakedai`mwn</grk> Laced\'91mon.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Laced\'91mon or Sparta, the chief city of Laconia in the Peloponnesus.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A Spartan.</def></def2> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Lacedemonian</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Laceman</h1>
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<hw>Lace"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lacemen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man who deals in lace.</def>

<h1>Lacerable</h1>
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<hw>Lac"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lacerabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lac\'82rable</ets>.]<ety> <def>That can be lacerated or torn.</def>

<h1>Lacerate</h1>
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<hw>Lac"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lacerated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lacerating</er> <tt>(<?/>)</tt>.] <ety>[L. <ets>laceratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>lacerare</ets> to lacerate, fr. <ets>lacer</ets> mangled, lacerated; cf. Gr. <?/ a rent, rending, <?/ to tear; perh. akin to E. <ets>slay</ets>.]</wordforms> <def>To tear; to rend; to separate by tearing; to mangle; <as>as, to <ex>lacerate</ex> the flesh</as>. Hence: To afflict; to torture; <as>as, to <ex>lacerate</ex> the heart</as>.</def>

<h1>Lacerate, Lacerated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lac"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lac"er*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>p. a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>laceratus</ets>, <ets>p. p.</ets>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rent; torn; mangled; <as>as, a <ex>lacerated</ex> wound</as>.</def>

<blockquote>By each other's fury <b>lacerate</b>
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Jagged, or slashed irregularly, at the end, or along the edge.</def>

<h1>Laceration</h1>
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<hw>Lac`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>laceratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lac\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of lacerating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A breach or wound made by lacerating.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Lacerative</h1>
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<hw>Lac"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lacerating, or having the power to lacerate; <as>as, <ex>lacerative</ex> humors</as>.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Lacert</h1>
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<hw>La"cert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lacerte</ets>. See <er>Lacertus</er>.]</ety> <def>A muscle of the human body.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lacerta</h1>
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<hw>La*cer"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lacertus</ets> the arm.]</ety> <def>A fathom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Domesday Book.</i>

<h1>Lacerta</h1>
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<hw>La*cer"ta</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. a lizard. See <er>Lizard</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of lizards. See <er>Lizard</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; Formerly it included nearly all the known lizards. It is now restricted to certain diurnal Old World species, like the green lizard (<spn>Lacerta viridis</spn>) and the sand lizard (<spn>L. agilis</spn>), of Europe.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The Lizard, a northern constellation.</def>

<h1>Lacertian</h1>
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<hw>La*cer"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lacertien</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like a lizard; of or pertaining to the Lacertilia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Lacertilia.</def></def2>

<h1>Lacertilia</h1>
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<hw>Lac`er*til"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L.<ets>lacertus</ets> a lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Reptilia, which includes the lizards.</def>

<note>&hand; They are closely related to the snakes, and life the latter, usually have the body covered with scales or granules. They usually have eyelids, and most of then have well-formed legs; but in some groups (amphisb\'91na, glass-snake, etc.) the legs are wanting and the body is serpentlike. None are venomous, unless <spn>Heloderma</spn> be an exception. The order includes the chameleons, the <spn>Cionocrania</spn>, or typical lizards, and the amphisb\'91nas. See <er>Amphisb\'91na</er>, <er>Gecko</er>, <er>Gila monster</er>, and <er>Lizard</er>.</note>

<h1>Lacertilian</h1>
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<hw>Lac`er*til"i*an</hw> <tt>(-an)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Lacertian</er>.</def>

<h1>Lacertiloid</h1>
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<hw>La*cer"ti*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lacertilia</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or belonging to the Lacertilia.</def>

<h1>Lacertine</h1>
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<hw>La*cer"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Lacertian.</def>

<h1>Lacertus</h1>
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<hw>La*cer"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lacerti</plw> <tt>(-<i>t\'c6</i>)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., the upper arm.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bundle or fascicle of muscular fibers.</def>

<h1>Lacewing</h1>
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<hw>Lace"wing`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of neuropterous insects of the genus <spn>Chrysopa</spn> and allied genera. They have delicate, lacelike wings and brilliant eyes. Their larv\'91 are useful in destroying aphids. Called also <altname>lace-winged fly</altname>, and <altname>goldeneyed fly</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lace-winged</h1>
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<hw>Lace"-winged`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having thin, transparent, reticulated wings; <as>as, the <ex>lace-winged</ex> flies</as>.</def>

<h1>Laches, Lache</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lach"es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lache</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>lachesse</ets>, fr. <ets>lache</ets> lax, indolent, F. <ets>l\'83che</ets>, ultimately fr. L. <ets>laxus</ets> loose, lax. See <er>Lax</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Neglect; negligence; remissness; neglect to do a thing at the proper time; delay to assert a claim.</def>

<blockquote>It ill became him to take advantage of such a <b>laches</b> with the eagerness of a shrewd attorney.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lachrymable</h1>
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<hw>Lach"ry*ma*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lacrimabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>lacrima</ets> a tear.]</ety> <def>Lamentable.</def>

<i>Martin Parker.</i>

<h1>Lachrym\'91 Christi</h1>
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<hw>Lach"ry*m\'91 Chris"ti</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., lit., Christ's tears.]</ety> <def>A rich, sweet, red Neapolitan wine.</def>

<h1>Lachrymal</h1>
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<hw>Lach"ry*mal</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lacrymal</ets>. See <er>Lachrymose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to tears; <as>as, <ex>lachrymal</ex> effusions</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Pertaining to, or secreting, tears; <as>as, the <ex>lachrymal</ex> gland</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to the lachrymal organs; <as>as, <ex>lachrymal</ex> bone; <ex>lachrymal</ex> duct.</as></def>

<h1>Lacrymal, Lacrymal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lac"ry*mal</hw>, <hw>Lac"ry*mal</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lachrymatory</er>.</def>

<h1>Lachrymary</h1>
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<hw>Lach"ry*ma*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing, or intended to contain, tears; lachrymal.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Lachrymate</h1>
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<hw>Lach"ry*mate</hw> <tt>(-m\'bet)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To weep.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Lachrymation</h1>
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<hw>Lach`ry*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lacrimatio</ets>, from <ets>lacrimare</ets> to shed tears, fr. <ets>lacrima</ets> tear.]</ety> <def>The act of shedding tears; weeping.</def>

<h1>Lachrymatory</h1>
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<hw>Lach"ry*ma*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. -<plw>ries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lacrymatoire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A "tear-bottle;" a narrow-necked vessel found in sepulchers of the ancient Romans; -- so called from a former notion that the tears of the deceased person's friends were collected in it. Called also <altname>lachrymal</altname> or <altname>lacrymal</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lachrymiform</h1>
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<hw>Lach"ry*mi*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt>, <ety>[L.<ets>lacrima</ets> tear + <ets>-form</ets>; cf. F. <ets>lacrymiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a tear; tear-shaped.</def>

<h1>Lachrymose</h1>
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<hw>Lach"ry*mose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lacrymosus</ets>, better <ets>lacrimosus</ets>, fr. <ets>lacrima</ets>, <ets>lacruma</ets> (also badly spelt <ets>lachryma</ets>) a tear, for older <ets>dacrima</ets>, akin to E. <ets>tear</ets>. See <er>Tear</er> the secretion.]</ety> <def>Generating or shedding tears; given to shedding tears; suffused with tears; tearful.</def>

<blockquote>You should have seen his <b>lachrymose</b> visnomy.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Lach"ry*mose`ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<hr>
<page="823">
Page 823<p>

<h1>Lacing</h1>
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<hw>La"cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of securing, fastening, or tightening, with a lace or laces.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lace; specifically <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, a thong of thin leather for uniting the ends of belts.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A rope or line passing through eyelet holes in the edge of a sail or an awning to attach it to a yard, gaff, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bridge Building)</fld> <def>A system of bracing bars, not crossing each other in the middle, connecting the channel bars of a compound strut.</def>

<i>Waddell.</i>

<h1>Lacinia</h1>
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<hw>La*cin"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Lacini\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., the lappet or flap of a garment.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the narrow, jagged, irregular pieces or divisions which form a sort of fringe on the borders of the petals of some flowers</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A narrow, slender portion of the edge of a monophyllous calyx, or of any irregularly incised leaf</def>.

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The posterior, inner process of the stipes on the maxill\'91 of insects.</def>

<h1>Laciniate, Laciniated</h1>
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<hw><hw>La*cin"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>La*cin"i*a"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lacinia</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fringed; having a fringed border.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Cut into deep, narrow, irregular lobes; slashed.</def>

<h1>Laciniolate</h1>
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<hw>La*cin"i*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lacinia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Consisting of, or abounding in, very minute lacini\'91.</def>

<h1>Lacinula</h1>
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<hw>La*cin"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lacinul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Lacinulas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A diminutive lacinia.</def>

<h1>Lack</h1>
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<hw>Lack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lak</ets>; cf. D. <ets>lak</ets> slander, <ets>laken</ets> to blame, OHG. <ets>lahan</ets>, AS. <ets>le\'a0n</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Blame; cause of blame; fault; crime; offense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deficiency; want; need; destitution; failure; <as>as, a <ex>lack</ex> of sufficient food</as>.</def>

<blockquote>She swooneth now and now for <b>lakke</b> of blood.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let his <b>lack</b> of years be no impediment.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lack</h1>
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<hw>Lack</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lacked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lacking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To blame; to find fault with.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Love them and <b>lakke</b> them not.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be without or destitute of; to want; to need.</def>

<blockquote>If any of you <b>lack</b> wisdom, let him ask of God.
<i>James i. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lack</h1>
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<hw>Lack</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be wanting; often, impersonally, with <i>of</i>, meaning, to be less than, short, not quite, etc.</def>

<blockquote>What hour now ?
I think it <b>lacks</b> of twelve.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Peradventure there shall <b>lack</b> five of the fifty.
<i>Gen. xvii. 28.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be in want.</def>

<blockquote>The young lions do <b>lack</b>, and suffer hunger.
<i>Ps. xxxiv. 10.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lack</h1>
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<hw>Lack</hw>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Alack</er>.]</ety> <def>Exclamation of regret or surprise.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Lackadaisical</h1>
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<hw>Lack`a*dai"si*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lackadaisy</er>, <ets>interj</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affectedly pensive; languidly sentimental.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Lack`a*dai"si*cal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lackadaisy</h1>
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<hw>Lack"a*dai`sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lackaday</er>, <ets>interj</ets>.]</ety> <def>An expression of languor.</def>

<h1>Lackadaisy</h1>
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<hw>Lack"a*dai`sy</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lackadaisical.</def>

<h1>Lackaday</h1>
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<hw>Lack"a*day`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Abbreviated from <ets>alackaday</ets>.]</ety> <def>Alack the day; alas; -- an expression of sorrow, regret, dissatisfaction, or surprise.</def>

<h1>Lackbrain</h1>
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<hw>Lack"brain`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is deficient in understanding; a witless person.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Lacker</h1>
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<hw>Lack"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lacks or is in want.</def>

<h1>Lacker</h1>
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<hw>Lack"er</hw>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Lacquer</er>.</def>

<h1>Lackey</h1>
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<hw>Lack"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lackeys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>laquais</ets>; cf. Sp. & Pg. <ets>lacayo</ets>; of uncertain origin; perh. of German origin, and akin to E.<ets>lick</ets>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>An attending male servant; a footman; a servile follower.</def>

<blockquote>Like a Christian footboy or a gentleman's <b>lackey</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Lackey caterpillar</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the caterpillar, or larva, of any bombycid moth of the genus <spn>Clisiocampa</spn>; -- so called from its party-colored markings. The common European species (<spn>C. neustria</spn>) is striped with blue, yellow, and red, with a white line on the back. The American species (<spn>C. Americana</spn> and <spn>C. sylvatica</spn>) are commonly called <altname>tent caterpillars</altname>. See <cref>Tent caterpillar</cref>,under <er>Tent</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lackey moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the moth which produces the lackey caterpillar.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lackey</h1>
<Xpage=823>

<hw>Lack"ey</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To attend as a lackey; to wait upon.</def>

<blockquote>A thousand liveried angels <b>lackey</b> her.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lackey</h1>
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<hw>Lack"ey</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lackeyed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lackeying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To act or serve as lackey; to pay servile attendance.</def>

<h1>Lackluster, Lacklustre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lack"lus`ter</hw>, <hw>Lack"lus`tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A want of luster.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Wanting luster or brightness.</def> "<i>Lackluster</i> eye."</def2>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Lacmus</h1>
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<hw>Lac"mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Litmus</er>.</def>

<h1>Laconian</h1>
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<hw>La*co"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Laconia, a division of ancient Greece; Spartan.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An inhabitant of Laconia; esp., a Spartan.</def></def2>

<h1>Laconic, Laconical</h1>
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<hw><hw>La*con"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>La*con"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Laconicus</ets> Laconian, Gr. <?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/ a Laconian, Laced\'91monian, or Spartan: cf. F. <ets>laconique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Expressing much in few words, after the manner of the Laconians or Spartans; brief and pithy; brusque; epigrammatic. In this sense <i>laconic</i> is the usual form.</def>

<blockquote>I grow <b>laconic</b> even beyond laconicism; for sometimes I return only yes, or no, to questionary or petitionary epistles of half a yard long.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His sense was strong and his style <b>laconic</b>.
<i>Welwood.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Laconian; characteristic of, or like, the Spartans; hence, stern or severe; cruel; unflinching.</def>

<blockquote>His head had now felt the razor, his back the rod; all that <b>laconical</b> discipline pleased him well.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Short; brief; concise; succinct; sententious; pointed; pithy.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Laconic</er>, <er>Concise</er>. <i>Concise</i> means without irrelevant or superfluous matter; it is the opposite of <i>diffuse</i>. <i>Laconic</i> means concise with the additional quality of pithiness, sometimes of brusqueness.</usage>

<h1>Laconic</h1>
<Xpage=823>

<hw>La*con"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Laconism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Laconical</h1>
<Xpage=823>

<hw>La*con"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Laconic</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Laconically</h1>
<Xpage=823>

<hw>La*con"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a laconic manner.</def>

<h1>LaconIcism</h1>
<Xpage=823>

<hw>La*con"I*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Laconism</er>.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Laconism</h1>
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<hw>Lac"o*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to imitate Laced\'91monian manners, to speak laconically: cf. F. <ets>laconisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A vigorous, brief manner of expression; laconic style.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instance of laconic style or expression.</def>

<h1>Laconize</h1>
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<hw>Lac"o*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Laconized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Laconizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Laconic</er>.]</ety> <def>To imitate the manner of the Laconians, especially in brief, pithy speech, or in frugality and austerity.</def>

<h1>Lacquer</h1>
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<hw>Lac"quer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lacre</ets> a sort of sealing wax, Pg. <ets>lacte</ets>, fr.  <ets>laca</ets> lac. See <er>Lac</er> the resin.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lacker</asp>.]</altsp> <def>A varnish, consisting of a solution of shell-lac in alcohol, often colored with gamboge, saffron, or the like; -- used for varnishing metals, papier-mach\'82, and wood. The name is also given to varnishes made of other ingredients, esp. the tough, solid varnish of the Japanese, with which ornamental objects are made.</def>
<-- shell-lac = shellac; it is the prime spelling in this dictionary, though not found in MW10! -->

<h1>Lacquer</h1>
<Xpage=823>

<hw>Lac"quer</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lacquered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lacquering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover with <i>lacquer</i>.</def> "<i>Lacquer'd</i> chair."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Lacquerer</h1>
<Xpage=823>

<hw>Lac"quer*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lacquers, especially one who makes a business of lacquering.</def>

<h1>Lacquering</h1>
<Xpage=823>

<hw>Lac"quer*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or business of putting on lacquer; also, the coat of lacquer put on.</def>

<h1>Lacrimoso</h1>
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<hw>La`cri*mo"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Lachrymose</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Plaintive; -- a term applied to a mournful or pathetic movement or style.</def>

<i>Moore.</i>

<h1>Lacrosse</h1>
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<hw>La*crosse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>la crosse</ets>, lit., the crosier, hooked stick. Cf. <er>Crosier</er>.]</ety> <def>A game of ball, originating among the North American Indians, now the popular field sport of Canada, and played also in England and the United States. Each player carries a long-handled racket, called a "<i>crosse</i>". The ball is not handled but caught with the crosse and carried on it, or tossed from it, the object being to carry it or throw it through one of the goals placed at opposite ends of the field.</def>

<h1>Lacrymal</h1>
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<hw>Lac"ry*mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <def>See <er>Lachrymatory</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and <er>Lachrymal</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Lacrymary, Lacrytory, Lacrymose</h1>
<Xpage=823>

<hw><hw>Lac"ry*ma*ry</hw>, <hw>Lac"ry*to*ry</hw>, <hw>Lac"ry*mose</hw>.<hw><def>See <er>Lachrymary</er>, <er>Lachrymatory</er>, <er>Lachrymose</er>.</def>

<h1>Lactage</h1>
<Xpage=823>

<hw>Lac"tage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lac</ets>, <ets>lactis</ets>, milk: cf. F. <ets>laitage</ets>. See <er>Lacteal</er>.]</ety> <def>The produce of animals yielding milk; milk and that which is made from it.</def>

<h1>Lactam</h1>
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<hw>Lac"tam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lact</ets>one + <ets>ami</ets>do.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of anhydrides of an amido type, analogous to the lactones, as oxindol.</def>

<h1>Lactamic</h1>
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<hw>Lac*tam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an amido acid related to lactic acid, and called also <altname>amido-propionic</altname> acid.</def>

<h1>Lactamide</h1>
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<hw>Lac*tam"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lac</ets>tic + <ets>ami</ets>de.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An acid amide derived from lactic acid, and obtained as a white crystalline substance having a neutral reaction. It is metameric with alanine.</def>

<h1>Lactant</h1>
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<hw>Lac"tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lactans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>lactare</ets> to suck, fr. <ets>lac</ets>, <ets>lactis</ets>, milk.]</ety> <def>Suckling; giving suck.</def>

<h1>Lactarene</h1>
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<hw>Lac"ta*rene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lac</ets>, <ets>lactis</ets>, milk.]</ety> <def>A preparation of casein from milk, used in printing calico.</def>

<h1>Lactary</h1>
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<hw>Lac"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[l. <ets>lactarius</ets>, fr. <ets>lac</ets>, <ets>lactis</ets>, milk: cf. F. <ets>lactaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Milky; full of white juice like milk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Lactary</i> or milky plants."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Lactary</h1>
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<hw>Lac"ta*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>a dairyhouse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Lactate</h1>
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<hw>Lac"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lac</ets>, <ets>lactis</ets>, milk: cf. F. <ets>lactate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of lactic acid.</def>

<h1>Lactation</h1>
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<hw>Lac*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A giving suck; the secretion and yielding of milk by the mammary gland.</def>

<h1>Lacteal</h1>
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<hw>Lac"te*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lacteus</ets> milky, fr. <ets>lac</ets>, <ets>lactis</ets>, milk. Cf. <er>Galaxy</er>, <er>Lettuce</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, milk; milky; <as>as, the <ex>lacteal</ex> fluid</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat. & Physiol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, chyle; <as>as, the <ex>lacteal</ex> vessels</as>.</def>

<h1>Lacteal</h1>
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<hw>Lac"te*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the lymphatic vessels which convey chyle from the small intestine through the mesenteric glands to the thoracic duct; a chyliferous vessel.</def>

<h1>Lacteally</h1>
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<hw>Lac"te*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Milkily; in the manner of milk.</def>

<h1>Lactean</h1>
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<hw>Lac"te*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lacteal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Milky; consisting of, or resembling, milk.</def> "This <i>lactean</i> whiteness."

<i>Moxon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat. & Physiol.)</fld> <def>Lacteal; conveying chyle.</def>

<h1>Lacteous</h1>
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<hw>Lac"te*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lacteal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Milky; resembling milk.</def> "The <i>lacteous</i> circle."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lacteal; conveying chyle; <as>as, <ex>lacteous</ex> vessels</as>.</def>

<h1>Lacteously</h1>
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<hw>Lac"te*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lacteous manner; after the manner of milk.</def>

<h1>Lactescence</h1>
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<hw>Lac*tes"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lactescence</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of producing milk, or milklike juice; resemblance to milk; a milky color.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>lactescence</b> does commonly ensue when . . . fair water is suddenly poured upon the solution.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The latex of certain plants. See <er>Latex</er>.</def>

<h1>Lactescent</h1>
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<hw>Lac*tes"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lactescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>lactescere</ets> to turn to milk, incho. fr. <ets>lactere</ets> to be milky, fr. <ets>lac</ets>, <ets>lactis</ets>, milk: cf. F. <ets>lactescent</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a milky look; becoming milky.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing milk or a milklike juice or fluid, as the milkweed. See <er>Latex</er>.</def>

<h1>Lactic</h1>
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<hw>Lac"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lac</ets>, <ets>lactis</ets>, milk: cf. F. <ets>lactique</ets>. See <er>Lacteal</er>, and cf. <er>Galactic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to milk; procured from sour milk or whey; <as>as, <ex>lactic</ex> acid; <ex>lactic</ex> fermentation, etc.</as></def>

<cs><col>Lactic acid</col> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a sirupy, colorless fluid, soluble in water, with an intensely sour taste and strong acid reaction. There are at least three isomeric modifications all having the formula <chform>C3H6O3</chform>. <i>Sarcolactic<i> or <i>paralactic acid<i> occurs chiefly in dead muscle tissue, while <i>ordinary lactic acid<i> results from fermentation. The two acids are alike in having the same constitution (expressed by the name <i>ethylidene lactic acid<i>), but the latter is optically inactive, while sarcolactic acid rotates the plane of polarization to the right. The third acid, <i>ethylene lactic acid<i>, accompanies sarcolactic acid in the juice of flesh, and is optically inactive.</cd> -- <col>Lactic ferment</col>, <cd>an organized ferment (<spn>Bacterium lacticum &or; lactis</spn>), which produces lactic fermentation, decomposing the sugar of milk into carbonic and lactic acids, the latter, of which renders the milk sour, and precipitates the casein, thus giving rise to the so-called spontaneous coagulation of milk.</cd> -- <col>Lactic fermentation</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fermentation</er>.</cd></cs>
<-- the three are D-lactic acid, L-lactic acid, and DL-lactic acid, the third being merely an equimolar mixture of the first two.  -->

<h1>Lactide</h1>
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<hw>Lac"tide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lac</ets>tic + anhydride.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline substance, obtained from also, by extension, any similar substance.</def>

<h1>Lactiferous</h1>
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<hw>Lac*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[l. <ets>lac</ets>, <ets>lactis</ets>, milk + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lactif</ets>\'8a<ets>re</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing or containing milk or a milky fluid; <as>as, the <ex>lactiferous</ex> vessels, cells, or tissue of various vascular plants</as>.</def>

<h1>Lactific, Lactifical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lac*tif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lac*tif"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lac</ets>, <ets>lactis</ets>, milk + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Producing or yielding milk.</def>

<h1>Lactifuge</h1>
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<hw>Lac"ti*fuge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lac</ets>, <ets>lactis</ets>, milk + <ets>fugare</ets> to expel.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine to check the secretion of milk, or to dispel a supposed accumulation of milk in any part of the body.</def>

<h1>Lactim</h1>
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<hw>Lac"tim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lactic</ets> + <ets>im</ets>ido.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of anhydrides resembling the lactams, but of an imido type; <as>as, isatine is a <ex>lactim</ex></as>. Cf. <er>Lactam</er>.</def>

<h1>Lactimide</h1>
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<hw>Lac*tim"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lactic</ets> + <ets>imide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline substance obtained as an anhydride of alanine, and regarded as an imido derivative of lactic acid.</def>

<h1>Lactin</h1>
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<hw>Lac"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lac</ets>, <ets>lactis</ets>, milk: cf. F. <ets>lactine</ets>. Cf. <er>Galactin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lactose</er>.</def>

<h1>Lactoabumin</h1>
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<hw>Lac`to*a*bu"min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lac</ets>, <ets>lactis</ets>, milk + E. <ets>albumin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>The albumin present on milk, apparently identical with ordinary serum albumin. It is distinct from the casein of milk.</def>

<h1>Lactobutyrometer</h1>
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<hw>Lac`to*bu`ty*rom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lac</ets>, <ets>lactis</ets>, milk + E. <ets>butyrometer</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for determining the amount of butter fat contained in a given sample of milk.</def>

<h1>Lactodensimeter</h1>
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<hw>Lac`to*den*sim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lac</ets>, <ets>lactis</ets>, milk + E. <ets>densimeter</ets>.]</ety> <def>A form of hydrometer, specially graduated, for finding the density of milk, and thus discovering whether it has been mixed with water or some of the cream has been removed.</def>

<h1>Lactometer</h1>
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<hw>Lac*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lac</ets>, <ets>lactis</ets>, milk + <ets>meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lactom\'8atre</ets>. Cf. <er>Galactometer</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for estimating the purity or richness of milk, as a measuring glass, a specific gravity bulb, or other apparatus.</def>

<h1>Lactone</h1>
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<hw>Lac"tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of organic compounds, regarded as anhydrides of certain hydroxy acids. In general, they are colorless liquids, having a weak aromatic odor. They are so called because the typical lactone is derived from <i>lactic</i> acid.</def>

<h1>Lactonic</h1>
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<hw>Lac*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lactone</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, lactone.</def>

<h1>Lactonic</h1>
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<hw>Lac*ton"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lactose</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the oxidation of milk sugar (<i>lactose</i>).</def>

<h1>Lactoprotein</h1>
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<hw>Lac`to*pro"te*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>lac</ets>, <ets>lactis</ets>,milk + E. <ets>protein</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A peculiar albuminous body considered a normal constituent of milk.</def>

<h1>Lactory</h1>
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<hw>Lac"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lactiferous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Lactory</i> or milky plants."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Lactoscope</h1>
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<hw>Lac"to*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lac</ets>, <ets>lactis</ets> + <ets>scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for estimating the amount of cream contained in milk by ascertaining its relative opacity.</def>

<h1>Lactose</h1>
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<hw>Lac"tose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Sugar of milk or milk sugar; a crystalline sugar present in milk, and separable from the whey by evaporation and crystallization. It has a slightly sweet taste, is dextrorotary, and is much less soluble in water than either cane sugar or glucose. Formerly called <altname>lactin</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Galactose</er>.</def>

<h1>Lactuca</h1>
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<hw>Lac*tu"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., lettuce. See <er>Lettuce</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of composite herbs, several of which are cultivated foe salad; lettuce.</def>

<h1>Lactucarium</h1>
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<hw>Lac`tu*ca"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>lactuca</ets> lettuce.]</ety> <def>The inspissated juice of the common lettuce, sometimes used as a substitute for opium.</def>

<h1>Lactucic</h1>
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<hw>Lac*tu"cic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the juice of the <spn>Lactuca virosa</spn>; -- said of certain acids.</def>

<h1>Lactucin</h1>
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<hw>Lac*tu"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lactuca</er>: cf. F. <ets>lactucine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline substance, having a bitter taste and a neutral reaction, and forming one of the essential ingredients of lactucarium.</def>

<h1>Lactucone</h1>
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<hw>Lac*tu"cone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lactuca</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, tasteless substance, found in the milky sap of species of Lactuca, and constituting an essential ingredient of lactucarium.</def>

<h1>Lacturamic</h1>
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<hw>Lac`tu*ram"ic</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lactic</ets> + <ets>urea</ets> + <ets>amic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an organic amido acid, which is regarded as a derivative of lactic acid and urea.</def>

<h1>Lactyl</h1>
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<hw>Lac"tyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lactic</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An organic residue or radical derived from lactic acid.</def>

<h1>Lacuna</h1>
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<hw>La*cu"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Lacun\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>; E. <plw>Lacunas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., ditch, pit, lake, orig., anything hollow. See <er>Lagoon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small opening; a small pit or depression; a small blank space; a gap or vacancy; a hiatus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A small opening; a small depression or cavity; a space, as a vacant space between the cells of plants, or one of the spaces left among the tissues of the lower animals, which serve in place of vessels for the circulation of the body fluids, or the cavity or sac, usually of very small size, in a mucous membrane.</def>

<hr>
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Page 824<p>

<h1>Lacunal, Lacunar</h1>
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<hw><hw>La*cu"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>La*cu"nar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or having, lacun\'91; <as>as, a <ex>lacunar</ex> circulation</as>.</def>

<h1>Lacunar</h1>
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<hw>La*cu"nar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <i>E</i>. <plw>Lacunars</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Lacunaria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The ceiling or under surface of any part, especially when it consists of compartments, sunk or hollowed without spaces or bands between the panels. <i>Gwilt</i></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the sunken panels in such a ceiling.</def>

<h1>Lacune</h1>
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<hw>La*cune"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A lacuna.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Landor</i>.

<h1>Lacunose, Lacunous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lac"u*nose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>La*cu"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lacunosus</ets> full of holes or hollows; cf. F. <ets>lacuneux</ets>. See <er>Lacuna</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Furrowed or pitted; having shallow cavities or lacun\'91; <as>as, a <ex>lacunose</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Lacustral, Lacustrine</h1>
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<hw><hw>La*cus"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>La*cus"trine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lacus</ets> lake: cf. F. <ets>lacustral</ets>, <ets>lacustre</ets>.]</ety> <def>Found in, or pertaining to, lakes or ponds, or growing in them; <as>as, <ex>lacustrine</ex> flowers</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Lacustrine deposits</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the deposits which have been accumulated in fresh-water areas.</cd> -- <col>Lacustrine dwellings</col>. <cd>See <cref>Lake dwellings</cref>, under <er>Lake</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lacwork</h1>
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<hw>Lac"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ornamentation by means of lacquer painted or carved, or simply colored, sprinkled with gold or the like; -- said especially of Oriental work of this kind.</def>

<h1>Lad</h1>
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<hw>Lad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs. p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Lead</er>, to guide</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lad</h1>
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<hw>Lad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ladde</ets>, of Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets><?/awd</ets>, Ir. <ets>lath</ets>. <tt>(<?/)</tt>. Cf. <er>Lass</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A boy; a youth; a stripling.</def> "Cupid is a knavish <i>lad</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>There is a <b>lad</b> here, which hath fire barley loaves and two small fishes.
<i>John vi. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A companion; a comrade; a mate.</def>

<cs><col>Lad's love</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Boy's love</cref>, under <er>Boy</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ladanum</h1>
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<hw>Lad"a*num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ladanum</ets>, <ets>ledanum</ets>, Fr. (<?/), (<?/), fr. <?/ name of a shrub, mastic; cf. Per. <ets>l\'bedan</ets>, <ets>l\'beden</ets>. Cf. <er>Laudanum</er>.]</ety> <def>A gum resin gathered from certain Oriental species of <spn>Cistus</spn>. It has a pungent odor and is chiefly used in making plasters, and for fumigation.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>labdanum</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ladde</h1>
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<hw>Lad"de</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs. imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Lead</er>, to guide.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ladder</h1>
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<hw>Lad"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>laddre</ets>, <ets>AS</ets>. <ets>hl<?/der</ets>, <ets>hl<?/dder</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>hladder</ets>, OHG.<ets>leitara</ets>, G. <ets>leiter</ets>, and from the root of E. <ets>lean</ets>, v. (<?/). See <er>Lean</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and cf. <er>Climax</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A frame usually portable, of wood, metal, or rope, for ascent and descent, consisting of two side pieces to which are fastened cross strips or rounds forming steps.</def>

<blockquote>Some the engines play,
And some, more bold, mount <b>ladders</b> to the fire.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which resembles a ladder in form or use; hence, that by means of which one attains to eminence.</def>

<blockquote>Lowliness is young ambition's <b>ladder</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fish ladder</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fish</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ladder beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American leaf beetle (<spn>Chrysomela scalaris</spn>). The elytra are silvery white, striped and spotted with green; the under wings are rose-colored. It feeds upon the linden tree.</cd> -- <col>Ladder handle</col>, <cd>an iron rail at the side of a vertical fixed ladder, to grasp with the hand in climbing.</cd> -- <col>Ladder shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a spiral marine shell of the genus Scalaria. See <er>Scalaria</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Laddie</h1>
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<hw>Lad"die</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lad; a male sweetheart.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Lade</h1>
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<hw>Lade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Laded</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Laded</er>, <er>Laded</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>hladan</ets> to heap, load, draw (water); akin to D. & G. <ets>laden</ets> to load, OHG. <ets>hladan</ets>, <ets>ladan</ets>, Icel. <ets>hla<?/a</ets>, Sw. <ets>ladda</ets>, Dan. <ets>lade</ets>, Goth. <ets>afhlapan</ets>. Cf. <er>Load</er>, <er>Ladle</er>, <er>Lathe</er> for turning, <er>Last</er> a load.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To load; to put a burden or freight on or in; -- generally followed by that which receives the load, as the direct object.</def>

<blockquote>And they <b>laded</b> their asses with the corn.
<i>Gen. xlii. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To throw in out. with a ladle or dipper; to dip; <as>as, to <ex>lade</ex> water out of a tub, or into a cistern</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And chides the sea that sunders him from thence,
Saying, he'll <b>lade</b> it dry to have his way.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Plate Glass Manuf.)</fld> <def>To transfer (the molten glass) from the pot to the forming table.</def>

<h1>Lade</h1>
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<hw>Lade</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lade</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To admit water by leakage, as a ship, etc.</def>

<h1>Lade</h1>
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<hw>Lade</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E., a ditch or drain. Cf. <er>Lode</er>, <er>Lead</er> to conduct.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The mouth of a river.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Gibson. </i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A passage for water; a ditch or drain.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Lademan</h1>
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<hw>Lade"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who leads a pack horse; a miller's servant.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Local]</mark>

<h1>Laden</h1>
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<hw>Lad"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. & a.</tt> <def>Loaded; freighted; burdened; <as>as, a <ex>laden</ex> vessel; a <ex>laden</ex> heart.</as></def>

<blockquote>Ah sinful nation, a people <b>laden</b> with iniquity.
<i>Is. i. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A ship <b>laden</b> with gold.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ladied</h1>
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<hw>La"died</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ladylike; not rough; gentle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Stroked with a <i>ladied</i> land."

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Ladies' eardrops</h1>
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<hw>La"dies' ear`drops`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The small-flowered Fuchsia (<spn>F. coccinea</spn>), and other closely related species.</def>

<h1>Ladify</h1>
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<hw>La"di*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lady</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make a lady of; to make ladylike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Ladin</h1>
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<hw>La*din"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>Latinus</ets> Latin. See <er>Latin</er>]</ety> <def>A Romansch dialect spoken in some parts of Switzerland and the Tyrol.</def>

<h1>Lading</h1>
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<hw>Lad"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of loading.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which lades or constitutes a load or cargo; freight; burden; <as>as, the <ex>lading</ex> of a ship</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Bill of lading</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bill</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ladino</h1>
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<hw>La*di"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ladinos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>One of the half-breed descendants of whites and Indians; a mestizo; -- so called throughout Central America. They are usually of a yellowish orange tinge.</def>

<i>Am. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Ladkin</h1>
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<hw>Lad"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little lad.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Ladle</h1>
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<hw>La"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.<ets>hl\'91del</ets>, fr. <ets>hladan</ets> to load, drain. See <er>Lade</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cuplike spoon, often of large size, with a long handle, used in lading or dipping.</def>

<blockquote>When the materials of glass have been kept long in fusion, the mixture casts up the superfluous salt, which the workmen take off with <b>ladles</b>.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A vessel to carry liquid metal from the furnace to the mold.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The float of a mill wheel; -- called also <altname>ladle board</altname>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument for drawing the charge of a cannon.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A ring, with a handle or handles fitted to it, for carrying shot.</def>

<cs><col>Ladle wood</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the wood of a South African tree (<spn>Cassine Colpoon</spn>), used for carving.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ladle</h1>
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<hw>La"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ladled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ladling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To take up and convey in a ladle; to dip with, or as with, a ladle; <as>as, to <ex>ladle</ex> out soup; to <ex>ladle</ex> oatmeal into a kettle.</as></def>

<h1>Ladleful</h1>
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<hw>La"dle*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ladlefuls</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A quantity sufficient to fill a ladle.</def>

<h1>Ladrone</h1>
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<hw>La*drone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>ladron</ets>, L. <ets>latro</ets> servant, robber, Gr. (<?/) a servant.]</ety> <def>A robber; a pirate; hence, loosely, a rogue or rascal.</def>

<h1>Lady</h1>
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<hw>La"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ladies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>ladi</ets>, <ets>l\'91fdi</ets>, AS. <ets>hl<?/fdige</ets>, <ets>hl<?/fdie</ets>; AS. <ets>hl\'bef</ets> loaf + a root of uncertain origin, possibly akin to E. <ets>dairy</ets>. See <er>Loaf</er>, and cf. <er>Lord</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A woman who looks after the domestic affairs of a family; a mistress; the female head of a household.</def>

<blockquote>Agar, the handmaiden of Sara, whence comest thou, and whither goest thou? The which answered, Fro the face of Sara my <b>lady</b>.
<i>Wyclif (Gen. xvi. 8.).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A woman having proprietary rights or authority; mistress; -- a feminine correlative of <i>lord</i>.</def> "Lord or <i>lady</i> of high degree."

<i>Lowell.</i>

<blockquote>Of all these bounds, even from this line to this, . . .
We make thee <b>lady</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A woman to whom the particular homage of a knight was paid; a woman to whom one is devoted or bound; a sweetheart.</def>

<blockquote>The soldier here his wasted store supplies,
And takes new valor from his <b>lady's</b> eyes.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A woman of social distinction or position. In England, a title prefixed to the name of any woman whose husband is not of lower rank than a baron, or whose father was a nobleman not lower than an earl. The wife of a baronet or knight has the title of <i>Lady</i> by courtesy, but not by right.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A woman of refined or gentle manners; a well-bred woman; -- the feminine correlative of <i>gentleman</i>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A wife; -- not now in approved usage.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The triturating apparatus in the stomach of a lobster; -- so called from a fancied resemblance to a seated female figure. It consists of calcareous plates.</def>

<cs><col>Ladies' man</col>, <cd>a man who affects the society of ladies.</cd> -- <col>Lady altar</col>, <cd>an altar in a lady chapel. <i>Shipley</i>.</cd> -- <col>Lady chapel</col>, <cd>a chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary.</cd> -- <col>Lady court</col>, <cd>the court of a lady of the manor.</cd> -- <col>Lady court</col>, <cd>the court of a lady of the manor.</cd> -- <col>Lady crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a handsomely spotted swimming crab (<spn>Platyonichus ocellatus</spn>) very common on the sandy shores of the Atlantic coast of the United States.</cd> -- <col>Lady fern</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Female fern</cref>, under <er>Female</er>, and <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Fern</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lady in waiting</col>, <cd>a lady of the queen's household, appointed to wait upon or attend the queen.</cd> -- <col>Lady Mass</col>, <cd>a Mass said in honor of the Virgin Mary.</cd> <i>Shipley</i>. <col>Lady of the manor</col>, <cd>a lady having jurisdiction of a manor; also, the wife of a manor lord.</cd> <col>Lady's maid</col>, <cd>a maidservant who dresses and waits upon a lady. <i>Thackeray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Our Lady</col>, <cd>the Virgin Mary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lady</h1>
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<hw>La"dy</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging or becoming to a lady; ladylike.</def>

"Some <b>lady</b> trifles."
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ladybird</h1>
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<hw>La"dy*bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Equiv. to, bird of Our Lady.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of small beetles of the genus <spn>Coccinella</spn> and allied genera (family <spn>Coccinellid\'91</spn>); -- called also <altname>ladybug</altname>, <altname>ladyclock</altname>, <altname>lady cow</altname>, <altname>lady fly</altname>, and <altname>lady beetle</altname>. <spn>Coccinella seplempunctata</spn> in one of the common European species. See <er>Coccinella</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The ladybirds are usually more or less hemispherical in form, with a smooth, polished surface, and often colored red, brown, or black, with small spots of brighter colors. Both the larv\'91 and the adult beetles of most species feed on aphids, and for this reason they are very beneficial to agriculture and horticulture.</note>

<h1>Ladybug</h1>
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<hw>La"dy*bug`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Ladybird</er>.</def>

<h1>Ladyclock</h1>
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<hw>La"dy*clock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ladyrird</er>.</def>

<h1>Lady</h1>
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<hw>La"dy`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. The day of the annunciation of the Virgin Mary, March 25. See <er>Annunciation</er>.</def>

<h1>Ladyfish</h1>
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<hw>La"dy*fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A large, handsome oceanic fish (<spn>Albula vulpes</spn>), found both in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans; -- called also <altname>bonefish</altname>, <altname>grubber</altname>, <altname>French mullet</altname>, and <altname>macab\'82</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A labroid fish (<spn>Harpe rufa</spn>) of Florida and the West Indies.</def>

<h1>Ladyhood</h1>
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<hw>La"dy*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being a lady; the personality of a lady.</def>

<h1>Lady-killer</h1>
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<hw>La"dy-kill`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gallant who captivates the hearts of women.</def> "A renowned dandy and <i>lady-killer</i>."

<i>Blackw. Mag.</i>

<h1>Lady-killing</h1>
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<hw>La"dy-kill`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or practice of captivating the hearts of women.</def>

<blockquote>Better for the sake of womankind that this dangerous dog should leave off <b>lady-killing</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ladykin</h1>
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<hw>La"dy*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lady</ets> + <ets>-kin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little lady; -- applied by the writers of Queen Elizabeth's time, in the abbreviated form <altname>Lakin</altname>, to the Virgin Mary.</def>

<note>&hand; The diminutive does not refer to size, but is equivalent to "dear."</note>

<i>Brewer.</i>

<h1>Ladylike</h1>
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<hw>La"dy*like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Like a lady in appearance or manners; well-bred.</def>

<blockquote>She was <b>ladylike</b>, too, after the manner of the feminine gentility of those days.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Becoming or suitable to a lady; <as>as, <ex>ladylike</ex> manners</as>.</def> "With fingers <i>ladylike</i>."

<i>Warner.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Delicate; tender; feeble; effeminate.</def>

<blockquote>Too <b>ladylike</b> a long fatigue to bear.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ladylikeness</h1>
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<hw>La"dy*like`ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being ladylike.</def>

<h1>Ladylove</h1>
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<hw>La"dy*love`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sweetheart or mistress.</def>

<h1>Lady's bedstraw</h1>
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<hw>La"dy's bed"straw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common bedstraw (<spn>Galium verum</spn>); also, a slender-leaved East Indian shrub (<spn>Pharnaceum Mollugo</spn>), with white flowers in umbels.</def>

<h1>Lady's bower</h1>
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<hw>La"dy's bow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A climbing plant with fragrant blossoms (<spn>Clematis vitalba</spn>).</def>

<note>&hand; This term is sometimes applied to other plants of the same genus.</note>

<h1>Lady's comb</h1>
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<hw>La"dy's comb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An umbelliferous plant (<spn>Scandix Pecten-Veneris</spn>), its clusters of long slender fruits remotely resembling a comb.</def>

<h1>Lady's cushion</h1>
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<hw>La"dy's cush"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herb growing in dense tufts; the thrift (<spn>Armeria vulgaris</spn>).</def>

<h1>Lady's finger</h1>
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<hw>La"dy's fin"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <p><b>1.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The kidney vetch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A variety of small cake of about the dimensions of a finger.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A long, slender variety of the potato.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the branchi\'91 of the lobster.</def>

<h1>Lady's garters</h1>
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<hw>La"dy's gar"ters</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Ribbon grass.</def>

<h1>Lady's hair</h1>
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<hw>La"dy's hair"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Briza</spn> (<spn>B. media</spn>); a variety of quaking grass.</def>

<h1>Ladyship</h1>
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<hw>La"dy*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The rank or position of a lady; -- given as a title (preceded by <i>her</i> or <i>your</i>.)</def>

<blockquote>Your <b>ladyship</b> shall observe their gravity.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lady's laces</h1>
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<hw>La"dy's la"ces</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A slender climbing plant; dodder.</def>

<h1>Lady's looking-glass</h1>
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<hw>La"dy's look"ing-glass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Venus's looking-glass</cref>, under <er>Venus</er>.</def>

<h1>Lady's mantle</h1>
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<hw>La"dy's man"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of rosaceous herbs (<spn>Alchemilla</spn>), esp. the European <spn>A. vulgaris</spn>, which has leaves with rounded and finely serrated lobes.</def>

<h1>Lady's seal</h1>
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<hw>La"dy's seal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The European Solomon's seal (<spn>Polygonatum verticillatum</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The black bryony (<spn>Tamus communis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Lady's slipper</h1>
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<hw>La"dy's slip"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any orchidaceous plant of the genus <spn>Cypripedium</spn>, the labellum of which resembles a slipper. Less commonly, in the United States, the garden balsam (<spn>Impatiens Balsamina</spn>).</def>

<h1>Lady's smock</h1>
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<hw>La"dy's smock"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Cardamine</spn> (<spn>C. pratensis</spn>); cuckoo flower.</def>

<h1>Lady's thimble</h1>
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<hw>La"dy's thim"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The harebell.</def>

<h1>Lady's thumb</h1>
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<hw>La"dy's thumb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An annual weed (<spn>Polygonum Persicaria</spn>), having a lanceolate leaf with a dark spot in the middle.</def>

<h1>Lady's traces, Ladies' tresses</h1>
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<hw><hw>La"dy's tra"ces</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>La"dies' tress"es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several species of the orchidaceous genus <spn>Spiranthes</spn>, in which the white flowers are set in spirals about a slender axis and remotely resemble braided hair.</def>

<h1>L\'91laps</h1>
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<hw>L\'91"laps</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. (<?/) a dark, furious storm.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of huge, carnivorous, dinosaurian reptiles from the Cretaceous formation of the United States. They had very large hind legs and tail, and are supposed to have been bipedal. Some of the species were about eighteen feet high.</def>

<h1>Laemmergeyer</h1>
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<hw>Laem"mer*gey`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lammergeir</er>.</def>

<h1>L\'91modipod</h1>
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<hw>L\'91*mod"i*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the L\'91modipoda.</def>

<h1>L\'91modipoda</h1>
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<hw>L\'91`mo*dip"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ throat + <?/ twice + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of amphipod Crustacea, in which the abdomen is small or rudimentary and the legs are often reduced to five pairs. The whale louse, or <spn>Cyamus</spn>, and <spn>Caprella</spn> are examples.</def>

<h1>L\'91modipodous</h1>
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<hw>L\'91`mo*dip"o*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the L\'91modipoda.</def>

<h1>L\'91tere Sunday</h1>
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<hw>L\'91*te"re Sun"day</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. The fourth Sunday of Lent; -- so named from the Latin word <i>L\'91tare</i> (rejoice), the first word in the antiphone of the introit sung that day in the Roman Catholic service.</def>

<h1>L\'91vigate</h1>
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<hw>L\'91v"i*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Levigate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having a smooth surface, as if polished.</def>

<h1>L\'91vo-</h1>
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<hw>L\'91"vo-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A prefix. See <er>Levo</er>.</def>

<h1>L\'91vorotatory</h1>
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<hw>L\'91"vo*ro"ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Levorotatory</er>. Cf. <er>Dextrorotatory</er>.</def>

<h1>L\'91vulose</h1>
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<hw>L\'91v"u*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Levulose</er>.</def>

<h1>Lafayette</h1>
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<hw>La`fa`yette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The dollar fish.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A market fish, the goody, or spot (<spn>Liostomus xanthurus</spn>), of the southern coast of the United States.</def>

<h1>Laft</h1>
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<hw>Laft</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs. p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Leave</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lafte</h1>
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<hw>Laf"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs. imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Leave</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lag</h1>
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<hw>Lag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Of Celtic origin: cf. Gael. & Ir. <ets>lag</ets>weak, feeble, faint, W. <ets>llag</ets>, <ets>llac</ets>, slack, loose, remiss, sluggish; prob. akin to E. <ets>lax</ets>, <ets>languid</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Coming tardily after or behind; slow; tardy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Came too <b>lag</b> to see him buried.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Last; long-delayed; -- obsolete, except in the phrase <i>lag end</i>.</def> "The <i>lag end</i> of my life."

<i>Shak.</i>

<hr>
<page="825">
Page 825<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Last made; hence, made of refuse; inferior.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Lag</i> souls."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Lag</h1>
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<hw>Lag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who lags; that which comes in last.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>lag</i> of all the flock."

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fag-end; the rump; hence, the lowest class.</def>

<blockquote>The common <b>lag</b> of people.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The amount of retardation of anything, as of a valve in a steam engine, in opening or closing.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A stave of a cask, drum, etc.; especially <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, one of the narrow boards or staves forming the covering of a cylindrical object, as a boiler, or the cylinder of a carding machine or a steam engine.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Graylag</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Lag of the tide</col>, <cd>the interval by which the time of high water falls behind the mean time, in the first and third quarters of the moon; -- opposed to <i>priming<i> of the tide, or the acceleration of the time of high water, in the second and fourth quarters; depending on the relative positions of the sun and moon.</cd> -- <col>Lag screw</col>, <cd>an iron bolt with a square head, a sharp-edged thread, and a sharp point, adapted for screwing into wood; a screw for fastening lags.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lag</h1>
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<hw>Lag</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lagged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lagging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To walk or more slowly; to stay or fall behind; to linger or loiter.</def> "I shall not <i>lag</i> behind."

<i>Milton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To loiter; linger; saunter; delay; be tardy.</syn>

<h1>Lag</h1>
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<hw>Lag</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to lag; to slacken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>lag</i> his flight."

<i>Heywood.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>To cover, as the cylinder of a steam engine, with lags. See <er>Lag</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<h1>Lag</h1>
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<hw>Lag</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One transported for a crime.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Lag</h1>
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<hw>Lag</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To transport for crime.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>She <b>lags</b> us if we poach.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lagan</h1>
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<hw>La"gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Ligan</er>.</def>

<h1>Lagarto</h1>
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<hw>La*gar"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Alligator</er>.]</ety> <def>An alligator.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Lagena</h1>
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<hw>La*ge"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Lagen\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Lagenas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a flask; cf. Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The terminal part of the cochlea in birds and most reptiles; an appendage of the sacculus, corresponding to the cochlea, in fishes and amphibians.</def>

<h1>Lagenian</h1>
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<hw>La*ge"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lagena</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or pertaining to, <spn>Lagena</spn>, a genus of Foraminifera having a straight, chambered shell.</def>

<h1>Lageniform</h1>
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<hw>La*ge"ni*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lagena</er>, and <er>-form</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a bottle or flask; flag-shaped.</def>

<h1>Lager</h1>
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<hw>La"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Lager beer.</def>

<h1>Lager beer</h1>
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<hw>La"ger beer`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[G. <ets>lager</ets> bed, storehouse + <ets>bier</ets> beer. See <er>Lair</er>, and <er>Beer</er>.]</ety> <def>Originally a German beer, but now also made in immense quantities in the United States; -- so called from its being laid up or stored for some months before use.</def>

<h1>Lager wine</h1>
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<hw>La"ger wine`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. Wine which has been kept for some time in the cellar.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Laggard</h1>
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<hw>Lag"gard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lag</ets> + <ets>-ard</ets>.]</ety> <def>Slow; sluggish; backward.</def>

<h1>Laggard</h1>
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<hw>Lag"gard</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lags; a loiterer.</def>

<h1>Lagger</h1>
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<hw>Lag"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A laggard.</def>

<h1>Lagging</h1>
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<hw>Lag"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The clothing (esp., an outer, wooden covering), as of a steam cylinder, applied to prevent the radiation of heat; a covering of lags; -- called also <altname>deading</altname> and <altname>cleading</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lags, collectively; narrow planks extending from one rib to another in the centering of arches.</def>

<h1>Laggingly</h1>
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<hw>Lag"ging*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lagging manner; loiteringly.</def>

<h1>Lagly</h1>
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<hw>Lag"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Laggingly.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Lagomorph</h1>
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<hw>Lag"o*morph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Lagomorpha.</def>

<h1>Lagemorpha</h1>
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<hw>Lag`e*mor"pha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a hare + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of rodents, including the hares. They have four incisors in the upper jaw. Called also <altname>Duplicidentata</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lagoon</h1>
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<hw>La*goon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. or Sp. <ets>laguna</ets>, L. <ets>lacuna</ets> ditch, pool, pond,<ets>lacus</ets> lake. See <er>Lake</er>, and cf. <er>Lacuna</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lagune</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shallow sound, channel, pond, or lake, especially one into which the sea flows; <as>as, the <ex>lagoons</ex> of Venice</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lake in a coral island, often occupying a large portion of its area, and usually communicating with the sea. See <er>Atoll</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Lagoon island</col>, <cd>a coral island consisting of a narrow reef encircling a lagoon.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lagophthalmia,   Lagophthalmos</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lag`oph*thal"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,   <hw>Lag`oph*thal"mos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>lagophtalmia</ets>, fr. Gr. <grk>lagw`s</grk> hare + <grk>'ofqalmo`s</grk> eye; -- so called from the notion that a hare sleeps with his eyes open.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid condition in which the eye stands wide open, giving a peculiar staring appearance.</def>

<h1>Lagopous</h1>
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<hw>La*go"pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a hare + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a dense covering of long hair, like the foot of a hare.</def>

<h1>Lagune</h1>
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<hw>La*gune"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lagoon</er>.</def>

<h1>Laic, Laical</h1>
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<hw><hw>La"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>La"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>laicus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>la\'8bque</ets>. See <er>Lay</er> laic.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a layman or the laity.</def> "<i>Laical</i> literature."

<i>Lowell.</i>

<blockquote>An unprincipled, unedified, and <b>laic</b> rabble.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Laic</h1>
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<hw>La"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A layman.</def>

<i>Bp. Morton.</i>

<h1>Laicality</h1>
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<hw>La"ic*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being laic; the state or condition of a layman.</def>

<h1>Laically</h1>
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<hw>La"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>As a layman; after the manner of a layman; <as>as, to treat a matter <ex>laically</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Laid</h1>
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<hw>Laid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Lay</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Laid paper</col>, <cd>paper marked with parallel lines or water marks, as if ribbed, from parallel wires in the mold. It is called <i>blue laid<i>, <i>cream laid<i>, etc., according to its color.</cd></cs>

<h1>Laidly</h1>
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<hw>Laid"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ugly; loathsome.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>This <b>laidly</b> and loathsome worm.
<i>W. Howitt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lain</h1>
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<hw>Lain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Lie</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<h1>Lainere</h1>
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<hw>Lain"ere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lanier</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lair</h1>
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<hw>Lair</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>leir</ets>, AS. <ets>leger</ets>; akin to D. <ets>leger</ets>, G. <ets>lager</ets> couch, lair, OHG. <ets>laga<?/</ets>, Goth. <ets>ligrs</ets>, and to E. <ets>lie</ets>. See <er>Lie</er> to be prostrate, and cf. <er>Layer</er>, <er>Leaguer</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A place in which to lie or rest; especially, the bed or couch of a wild beast.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A burying place.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pasture; sometimes, food.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Laird</h1>
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<hw>Laird</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lord</er>.]</ety> <def>A lord; a landholder, esp. one who holds land directly of the crown.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Lairdship</h1>
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<hw>Laird"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a laird; an estate; landed property.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Ramsay.</i>

<h1>Laism</h1>
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<hw>La"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lamaism</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Laissez faire</h1>
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<hw>Lais`sez" faire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., let alone.]</ety> <def>Noninterference; -- an axiom of some political economists, deprecating interference of government by attempts to foster or regulate commerce, manufactures, etc., by bounty or by restriction; <as>as, the doctrine of <ex>laissez faire</ex>; <ex>the laissez faire</ex> system government.</as></def>

<h1>Lai-ty</h1>
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<hw>La"i-ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lay</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The people, as distinguished from the clergy; the body of the people not in orders.</def>

<blockquote>A rising up of the <b>laity</b> against the sacerdotal caste.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of a layman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Those who are not of a certain profession, as law or medicine, in distinction from those belonging to it.</def>

<h1>Lakao</h1>
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<hw>La*ka"o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sap green.</def> <mark>[China]</mark>

<h1>Lake</h1>
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<hw>Lake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>laque</ets>, fr. Per. See <er>Lac</er>.]</ety> <def>A pigment formed by combining some coloring matter, usually by precipitation, with a metallic oxide or earth, esp. with aluminium hydrate; <as>as, madder <ex>lake</ex>; Florentine <ex>lake</ex>; yellow <ex>lake</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Lake</h1>
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<hw>Lake</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>laken</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of fine white linen, formerly in use.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lake</h1>
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<hw>Lake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>l\'becan</ets>, <ets>l\'91can</ets>, to spring, jump, <ets>l\'bec</ets> play, sport, or fr. Icel. <ets>leika</ets> to play, sport; both akin to Goth. <ets>laikan</ets> to dance. &root;120. Cf. <er>Knowledge</er>.]</ety> <def>To play; to sport.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Lake</h1>
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<hw>Lake</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>lac</ets>, L. <ets>lacus</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>lagu</ets> lake, sea, Icel. <ets>l\'94gr</ets>; OIr. <ets>loch</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ pond, tank. Cf. <er>Loch</er>, <er>Lough</er>.]</ety> <def>A large body of water contained in a depression of the earth's surface, and supplied from the drainage of a more or less extended area.</def>

<note>&hand; Lakes are for the most part of fresh water; the salt lakes, like the Great Salt Lake of Utah, have usually no outlet to the ocean.</note>

<cs><col>Lake dwellers</col> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>, <cd>people of a prehistoric race, or races, which inhabited different parts of Europe. Their dwellings were built on piles in lakes, a short distance from the shore. Their relics are common in the lakes of Switzerland.</cd> -- <col>Lake dwellings</col> <fld>(Arch\'91ol.)</fld>, <cd>dwellings built over a lake, sometimes on piles, and sometimes on rude foundations kept in place by piles; specifically, such dwellings of prehistoric times. Lake dwellings are still used by many savage tribes. Called also <altname>lacustrine dwellings</altname>. See <er>Crannog</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lake fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of numerous species of dipterous flies of the genus <spn>Chironomus</spn>. In form they resemble mosquitoes, but they do not bite. The larv\'91 live in lakes.</cd> -- <col>Lake herring</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the cisco (<spn>Coregonus Artedii</spn>).</cd> -- <mcol><col>Lake poets</col>, <col>Lake school</col></mcol>, <cd>a collective name originally applied in contempt, but now in honor, to Southey, Coleridge, and Wordsworth, who lived in the lake country of Cumberland, England, Lamb and a few others were classed with these by hostile critics. Called also <altname>lakers</altname> and <altname>lakists</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Lake sturgeon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a sturgeon (<spn>Acipenser rubicundus</spn>), of moderate size, found in the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. It is used as food.</cd> -- <col>Lake trout</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of trout and salmon; in Europe, esp. <spn>Salmo fario</spn>; in the United States, esp. <spn>Salvelinus namaycush</spn> of the Great Lakes, and of various lakes in New York, Eastern Maine, and Canada. A large variety of brook trout (<spn>S. fontinalis</spn>), inhabiting many lakes in New England, is also called <ex>lake trout<ex>. See <er>Namaycush</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lake whitefish</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Whitefish</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lake whiting</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American whitefish (<spn>Coregonus Labradoricus</spn>), found in many lakes in the Northern United States and Canada. It is more slender than the common whitefish.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lake-dweller</h1>
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<hw>Lake"-dwell`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <cref>Lake dwellers</cref>, under <er>Lake</er>.</def>

<h1>Lakelet</h1>
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<hw>Lake"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little lake.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Lakeweed</h1>
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<hw>Lake"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The water pepper (<spn>Polygonum Hydropiper</spn>), an aquatic plant of Europe and North America.</def>

<h1>Lakh</h1>
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<hw>Lakh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Lac</er>, one hundred thousand.</def>

<h1>Lakin</h1>
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<hw>La"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ladykin</er>.</def>

<h1>Lakke</h1>
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<hw>Lak"ke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Lack</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Laky</h1>
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<hw>Lak"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a lake.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Laky</h1>
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<hw>Lak"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lake</er> the pigment.]</ety> <def>Transparent; -- said of blood rendered transparent by the action of some solvent agent on the red blood corpuscles.</def>

<h1>Lallation</h1>
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<hw>Lal*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lallare</ets> to sing lalla, or lullaby: cf. F. <ets>lallation</ets>.]</ety> <def>An imperfect enunciation of the letter <it>r</it>, in which it sounds like <it>l.</it></def>

<h1>Lalo</h1>
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<hw>La"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The powdered leaves of the baobab tree, used by the Africans to mix in their soup, as the southern negroes use powdered sassafras. Cf. <er>Couscous</er>.</def>

<h1>Lam</h1>
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<hw>Lam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lammed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lamming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Icel. <ets>lemja</ets> to beat, or <ets>lama</ets> to bruise, both fr. <ets>lami</ets>, <ets>lama</ets>, lame. See <er>Lame</er>.]</ety> <def>To beat soundly; to thrash.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Low]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Lama</h1>
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<hw>La"ma</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Llama</er>.</def>

<h1>Lama</h1>
<Xpage=825>

<hw>La"ma</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Thibet. <ets>blama</ets> (pronounced <ets>l\'84</ets>\'b6<ets>ma</ets>) a chief, a high priest.]</ety> <def>In Thibet, Mongolia, etc., a priest or monk of the belief called Lamaism.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>The Grand Lama</col>, &or; <col>Dalai Lama</col></mcol> <ety>[lit., Ocean Lama]</ety>, <cd>the supreme pontiff in the lamaistic hierarchy. See <er>Lamaism</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lamaic</h1>
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<hw>La"ma*ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Lamaism.</def>

<h1>Lamaism</h1>
<Xpage=825>

<hw>La"ma*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A modified form of Buddhism which prevails in Thibet, Mongolia, and some adjacent parts of Asia; -- so called from the name of its priests. See 2d <er>Lama</er>.</def>

<h1>Lamaist, Lamaite</h1>
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<hw><hw>La"ma*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>La"ma*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes in Lamaism.</def>

<h1>Lamaistic</h1>
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<hw>La`ma*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Lamaism.</def>

<h1>Lamantin</h1>
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<hw>La*man"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lamantin</ets>, <ets>lamentin</ets>, prob. from the name of the animal in the Antilles. Cf. <er>Manater</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The manatee</def>. <altsp>[Written also <asp>lamentin</asp>, and <asp>lamantine</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Lamarckian</h1>
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<hw>La*marck"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or involved in, the doctrines of Lamarckianism.</def>

<h1>Lamarckianism</h1>
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<hw>La*marck"i*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Lamarckism.</def>

<h1>Lamarckism</h1>
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<hw>La"marck"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Lamarck</ets>, a distinguished French naturalist.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The theory that structural variations, characteristic of species and genera, are produced in animals and plants by the direct influence of physical environments, and esp., in the case of animals, by effort, or by use or disuse of certain organs.</def>

<h1>Lamasery</h1>
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<hw>La"ma*ser*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Lama</er>.]</ety> <def>A mo<?/<?/astery or convent of lamas, in Thibet, Mongolia, etc.</def>

<h1>Lamb</h1>
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<hw>Lamb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>lamb</ets>; akin to D. & Dan. <ets>lam</ets>, G. & Sw. <ets>lamm</ets>, OS., Goth., & Icel. <ets>lamb</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The young of the sheep.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any person who is as innocent or gentle as a lamb.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A simple, unsophisticated person; in the cant of the Stock Exchange, one who ignorantly speculates and is victimized.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Lamb of God</col>, <col>The Lamb</col></mcol> <fld>(Script.)</fld>, <cd>the Jesus Christ, in allusion to the paschal lamb.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>The twelve apostles of <b>the Lamb</b>.
<i>Rev. xxi. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Behold the <b>Lamb of God</b>, which taketh away the sin of the world.
<i>John i. 29.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Lamb's lettuce</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an annual plant with small obovate leaves (<spn>Valerianella olitoria</spn>), often used as a salad; corn salad. <altsp>[Written also <asp>lamb lettuce</asp>.</cd>]</altsp> -- <col>Lamb's tongue</col>, <cd>a carpenter's plane with a deep narrow bit, for making curved grooves. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Lamb's wool</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The wool of a lamb.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Ale mixed with the pulp of roasted apples; -- probably from the resemblance of the pulp of roasted apples to lamb's wool</cd>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Goldsmith</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lamb</h1>
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<hw>Lamb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lambed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lambing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring forth a lamb or lambs, as sheep.</def>

<h1>Lambale</h1>
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<hw>Lamb"ale`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A feast at the time of shearing lambs.</def>

<h1>Lambaste</h1>
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<hw>Lam*baste"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lam</ets> + <ets>baste</ets> to beat.]</ety> <def>To beat severely.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Lambative</h1>
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<hw>Lam"ba*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lambere</ets> to lick. See <er>Lambent</er>.]</ety> <def>Taken by licking with the tongue. "Sirups and <i>lambative</i> medicines."</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Lambative</h1>
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<hw>Lam"ba*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine taken by licking with the tongue; a lincture.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Lambda</h1>
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<hw>Lamb"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The name of the Greek letter <LAMBDA/, &lambda;, corresponding with the English letter L, l.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The point of junction of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures of the skull.</def>

<cs><col>Lambda moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a moth so called from a mark on its wings, resembling the Greek letter lambda (<LAMBDA/).</cd></cs>

<h1>Lambdacism</h1>
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<hw>Lamb"da*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lambdacismus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <grk>la`mbda</grk> the letter lambda (<LAMBDA/).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fault in speaking or in composition, which consists in too frequent use of the letter <it>l</it>, or in doubling it erroneously.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A defect in pronunciation of the letter <it>l</it> when doubled, which consists in giving it a sound as if followed by <it>y</it>, similar to that of the letters <it>lli</it> in <it>billion.</it></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The use of the sound of <it>l</it> for that of <it>r</it> in pronunciation; lallation; <as>as, Ame<it>l</it>ican for Ame<it>r</it>ican</as>.</def>

<h1>Lambdoid</h1>
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<hw>Lamb"doid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <grk>la`mbda</grk> the letter lambda (<LAMBDA/) + <grk>e"i^dos</grk> shape.]</ety> <def>Shaped like the Greek letter lambda (<LAMBDA/); <as>as, the <ex>lambdoid</ex> suture between the occipital and parietal bones of the skull</as>.</def>

<h1>Lambdoidal</h1>
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<hw>Lamb*doid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Lambdoid</er>.</def>

<h1>Lambent</h1>
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<hw>Lam"bent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>lambens</ets>, <ets>-enlis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>lambere</ets> to lick; akin to <ets>lap</ets>. See <er>Lap</er> to drink by licking.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Playing on the surface; touching lightly; gliding over.</def> "A <i>lambent</i> flame." <i>Dryden</i>. "A <i>lambent</i> style." <i>Beaconsfield</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Twinkling or gleaming; fickering.</def> "The <i>lambent</i> purity of the stars."

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<h1>Lambert pine</h1>
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<hw>Lam"bert pine`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[So called from <ets>Lambert</ets>, an English botanist.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The gigantic sugar pine of California and Oregon (<spn>Pinus Lambertiana</spn>). It has the leaves in fives, and cones a foot long. The timber is soft, and like that of the white pine of the Eastern States.</def>

<h1>Lambkin</h1>
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<hw>Lamb"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small lamb.</def>

<h1>Lamblike</h1>
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<hw>Lamb"like</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a lamb; gentle; meek; inoffensive.</def>

<h1>Lamboys</h1>
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<hw>Lam"boys</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lambeau</ets>. Cf. <er>Label</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Base</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 19.</def>

<h1>Lambrequin</h1>
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<hw>Lam"bre*quin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. Cf. <er>Lamboys</er>, <er>Label</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of pendent scarf or covering attached to the helmet, to protect it from wet or heat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A leather flap hanging from a cuirass.</def>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A piece of ornament drapery or short decorative hanging, pendent from a shelf or from the casing above a window, hiding the curtain fixtures, or the like.</def>

<h1>Lambskin</h1>
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<hw>Lamb"skin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The skin of a lamb; especially, a skin dressed with the wool on, and used as a mat. Also used adjectively.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of woolen.</def>

<h1>Lambskinnet</h1>
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<hw>Lamb"skin`net"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lansquenet</er>.</def>

<h1>Lamb's-quarters</h1>
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<hw>Lamb's-quar"ters</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several plants of the Goosefoot family, sometimes used as pot herbs, as <i>Chenopodium album</i> and <i>Atriplex patulsa</i>.</def>

<h1>Lamdoidal</h1>
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<hw>Lam*doid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lambdoid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Lame</h1>
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<hw>Lame</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Lamer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Lamest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>lame</ets>, AS. <ets>lama</ets>; akin to D. <ets>lam</ets>, G. <ets>lahm</ets>,OHG., Dan., & Sw. <ets>lam</ets>, Icel. <ets>lami</ets>, Russ. <ets>lomate</ets> to break, <ets>lomota</ets> rheumatism.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Moving with pain or difficulty on account of injury, defect, or temporary obstruction of a function; <as>as, a <ex>lame</ex> leg, arm, or muscle</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To some degree disabled by reason of the imperfect action of a limb; crippled; <as>as, a <ex>lame</ex> man</as>.</def> "<i>Lame</i> of one leg." <i>Arbuthnot</i>. "<i>Lame</i> in both his feet." <i>2 Sam. ix. 13</i>. "He fell, and became <i>lame</i>." <i>2 Sam. iv. 4</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, hobbling; limping; inefficient; imperfect.</def> "A <i>lame</i> endeavor."

<i>Barrow.</i>

<blockquote>O, most <b>lame</b> and impotent conclusion!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Lame duck</col> <fld>(stock Exchange)</fld>, <cd>a person who can not fulfill his contracts. <mark>[Cant]</mark></cd></cs>

<hr>
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Page 826<p>

<h1>Lame</h1>
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<hw>Lame</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lamed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Laming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make lame.</def>

<blockquote>If you happen to let child fall and <b>lame</b> it.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lamel</h1>
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<hw>Lam"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lamella</er>.</def>

<h1>Lamella</h1>
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<hw>La*mel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Lamell\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Lamellas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>lamella</ets>, dim. of <ets>lamina</ets> plate, leaf, layer: cf. F. <ets>lamelle</ets>. Cf. <er>Lamina</er>, <er>Omelet</er>.]</ety> <def>a thin plate or scale of anything, as a thin scale growing from the petals of certain flowers; or one of the thin plates or scales of which certain shells are composed.</def>

<h1>Lamellar, a. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lamellaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Flat and thin; lamelliform; composed of lamell\'91.</def> -- Lamellarly</h1>
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<hw>Lam"el*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lamellaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Flat and thin; lamelliform; composed of lamell\'91.</def> -- <hw>Lam"el*lar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In thin plates or scales.</def></def2>

<h1>Lamellary</h1>
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<hw>Lam"el*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to lamella or to lamell\'91; lamellar.</def>

<h1>Lamellate, Lamellated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lam"el*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lam"el*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lamella</er>.]</ety> <def>Composed of, or furnished with, thin plates or scales. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Antenn\'91</er>.</def>

<h1>Lamellibranch</h1>
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<hw>La*mel"li*branch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Lamellibranchia. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Lamellibranchia, Lamellibranchiata</h1>
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<hw><hw>La*mel`li*bran"chi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>La*mel`li*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>lamella</er>, and <er>Branchia</er>, <er>Branchiate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of Mollusca including all those that have bivalve shells, as the clams, oysters, mussels, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; They usually have two (rarely but one) flat, lamelliform gills on each side of the body. They have an imperfectly developed head, concealed within the shell, whence they are called <spn>Acephala</spn>. Called also <altname>Conchifera</altname>, and <altname>Pelecypoda</altname>.  See <er>Bivalve</er>.</note>

<h1>Lamellibranchiate</h1>
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<hw>Lam`el*li*bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having lamellar gills; belonging to the Lamellibranchia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Lamellibranchia.</def></def2>

<h1>Lamellicorn</h1>
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<hw>La*mel"li*corn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lamella</ets> + L. <ets>cornu</ets> a horn: cf. F. <ets>lamellicorne</ets>. See <er>Lamella</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having antenn\'91 terminating in a group of flat lamell\'91; -- said of certain coleopterous insects.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Terminating in a group of flat lamell\'91; -- said of antenn\'91.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A lamellicorn insect.</def></def2>

<h1>Lamellicornia</h1>
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<hw>La*mel`li*cor"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Lamellicorn</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of lamellicorn, plant-eating beetles; -- called also <altname>Lamellicornes</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lamelliferous</h1>
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<hw>Lam`el*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lamella</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>:  cf. F. <ets>lamellif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing, or composed of, lamell\'91, or thin layers, plates, or scales; foliated.</def>

<h1>Lamelliform</h1>
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<hw>La*mel"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lamella</ets> + <ets>-form</ets> : cf. F. <ets>lamelliforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Thin and flat; scalelike; lamellar.</def>

<h1>Lamellirostral</h1>
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<hw>Lam`el*li*ros"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lamella</ets> + <ets>rostral</ets> : cf. F. <ets>lamellirostre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a lamellate bill, as ducks and geese.</def>

<h1>Lamellirostres</h1>
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<hw>La*mel`li*ros"tres</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Lamella</er>, and <er>Rostrum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of birds embracing the Anseres and flamingoes, in which the bill is lamellate.</def>

<h1>Lamellose</h1>
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<hw>Lam"el*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lamelleux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Composed of, or having, lamell\'91; lamelliform.</def>

<h1>Lamely</h1>
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<hw>Lame"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lame</er>.]</ety> <def>An a lame, crippled, disabled, or imperfect manner; <as>as, to walk <ex>lamely</ex>; a figure <ex>lamely</ex> drawn.</as></def>

<h1>Lameness</h1>
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<hw>Lame"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or quality of being lame; <as>as, the <ex>lameness</ex> of an excuse or an argument</as>.</def>

<h1>Lament</h1>
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<hw>La*ment"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lamenter</ets>, L. <ets>lamentari</ets>, fr. <ets>lamentum</ets> a lament.]</ety> <def>To express or feel sorrow; to weep or wail; to mourn.</def>

<blockquote>Jeremiah <b>lamented</b> for Josiah.
<i>2 Chron. xxxv. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ye shall weep and <b>lament</b>, but the world shall rejoice.
<i>John xvi. 20.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lament</h1>
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<hw>La*ment"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lamented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lamenting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To mourn for; to bemoan; to bewail.</def>

<blockquote>One laughed at follies, one <b>lamented</b> crimes.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To deplore; mourn; bewail. See <er>Deplore</er>.</syn>

<h1>Lament</h1>
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<hw>La*ment"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lamentum</ets>. Cf. <er>Lament</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Grief or sorrow expressed in complaints or cries; lamentation; a wailing; a moaning; a weeping.</def>

<blockquote>Torment, and loud <b>lament</b>, and furious rage.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An elegy or mournful ballad, or the like.</def>

<h1>Lamentable</h1>
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<hw>Lam"en*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lamentabilis</ets> : cf. F. <ets>lamentable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mourning; sorrowful; expressing grief; <as>as, a <ex>lamentable</ex> countenance</as>.</def> "<i>Lamentable</i> eye."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fitted to awaken lament; to be lamented; sorrowful; pitiable; <as>as, a <ex>lamentable</ex> misfortune, or error</as>.</def> "<i>Lamentable</i> helplessness."

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Miserable; pitiful; paltry; -- in a contemptuous or <?/idiculous sense.</def>

<i>Bp. Stillingfleet. </i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Lam"en*ta*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Lam"en*ta*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lamentation</h1>
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<hw>Lam`en*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lamentation</ets>, L. <ets>lamentatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of bewailing; audible expression of sorrow; wailing; moaning.</def>

<blockquote>In Rama was there a voice heard, <b>lamentation</b> and weeping
<i>Matt. ii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>A book of the Old Testament attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and taking its name from the nature of its contents.</def>

<h1>Lamented</h1>
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<hw>La*ment"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mourned for; bewailed.</def>

<blockquote>This humble praise,<b>lamented</b> shade ! receive.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lamenter</h1>
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<hw>La*ment"er</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who laments.</def>

<h1>Lamentin</h1>
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<hw>La*men"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lamantin</er>.</def>

<h1>Lamenting</h1>
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<hw>La*ment"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Lamentation.</def>

<blockquote><b>Lamentings</b> heard i' the air.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lamentingly</h1>
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<hw>La*ment"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lamenting manner.</def>

<h1>Lames</h1>
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<hw>Lames</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lame</ets> a thin plate, L. <ets>lamina</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Armor)</fld> <def>Small steel plates combined together so as to slide one upon the form a piece of armor.</def>

<h1>Lametta</h1>
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<hw>La*met"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>lametta</ets>, dim of <ets>lama</ets> a thin plate.]</ety> <def>Foil or wire made of gold, silver, or brass.</def>

<i>De Colange.</i>

<h1>Lamia</h1>
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<hw>La"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A monster capable of assuming a woman's form, who was said to devour human beings or suck their blood; a vampire; a sorceress; a with.</def>

<h1>Lamina</h1>
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<hw>Lam"i*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Lamella</plw>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thin plate or scale; a laying over another; -- said of thin plates or platelike substances, as of bone or minerals</def>.

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The blade of a leaf; the broad, expanded portion of a petal or sepal of a flower.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A thin plate or scale; specif., one of the thin, flat processes composing the vane of a feather.</def>

<h1>Laminability</h1>
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<hw>Lam`i*na*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being laminable.</def>

<h1>Laminable</h1>
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<hw>Lam"i*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being split into lamin\'91 or thin plates, as mica; capable of being extended under pressure into a thin plate or strip.</def>

<blockquote>When a body can be readily extended in all directions under the hammer, it is said to be malleable; and when into fillets under the rolling press, it is said to be <b>laminable</b>.

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Laminar, Laminal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lam"i*nar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lam"i*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>laminaire</ets>. See <er>Lamina</er>]</ety> <def>In, or consisting of, thin plates or layers; having the form of a thin plate or lamina.</def>

<h1>Laminaria</h1>
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<hw>Lam`i*na"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Lamina</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of great seaweeds with long and broad fronds; kelp, or devil's apron. The fronds commonly grow in clusters, and are sometimes from thirty to fifty feet in length. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Kelp</er>.</def>

<h1>Laminarian</h1>
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<hw>Lam`i*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to seaweeds of the genus Laminaria, or to that zone of the sea (from two to ten fathoms in depth) where the seaweeds of this genus grow.</def>

<h1>Laminarite</h1>
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<hw>Lam"i*na*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lamina</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A broad-leafed fossil alga.</def>

<h1>Laminary</h1>
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<hw>Lam"i*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Laminar.</def>

<h1>Laminate</h1>
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<hw>Lam"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lamina</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of, or covered with, lamin\'91, or thin plates, scales, or layers, one over another; laminated.</def>

<h1>Laminate</h1>
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<hw>Lam"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Laminated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Laminating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Lamina</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to separate into thin plates or layers; to divide into thin plates.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form, as metal, into a thin plate, as by rolling.</def>

<-- 3. To form by uniting two or more layers (in sheet form) of a material, so that the layers are bonded tightly.

   4. (With material as object) To unite (layers in sheet form) by bonding, so as to create a single object with multiple layers.
-->

<h1>Laminate</h1>
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<hw>Lam"i*nate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To separate into lamin\'91.</def>

<h1>Laminated</h1>
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<hw>Lam"i*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Laminate.</def>

<cs><col>Laminated arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a timber arch made of layers of bent planks secured by treenails.</cd></cs>

<h1>Laminating</h1>
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<hw>Lam"i*na`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Forming, or separating into, scales or thin layers.</def>

<h1>Lamination</h1>
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<hw>Lam`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of laminating, or the state of being laminated.</def>

<h1>Laminiferous</h1>
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<hw>Lam`i*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lamina</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a structure consisting of lamin\'91, or thin layers.</def>

<h1>Laminiplantar</h1>
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<hw>Lam`i*ni*plan"tar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lamina</ets> + L. <ets>planta</ets> sole of the foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the tarsus covered behind with a horny sheath continuous on both sides, as in most singing birds, except the larks.</def>

<h1>Laminitis</h1>
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<hw>Lam`i*ni"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Lamina</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the lamin\'91 or fleshy plates along the coffin bone of a horse; founder.</def>

<i>Youatt.</i>

<h1>Lamish</h1>
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<hw>Lam"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat lame.</def>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Lamm</h1>
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<hw>Lamm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Lam</er>.</def>

<h1>Lammas</h1>
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<hw>Lam"mas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hl\'bemmesse</ets>, <ets>hl\'befm\'91sse</ets>, loaf mass, bread feast, or feast of first fruits; <ets>hl\'bef</ets> loaf + <ets>m\'91sse</ets> mass. See <er>Loaf</er>, and <er>Mass</er> religious service.]</ety> <def>The first day of August; -- called also <altname>Lammas day</altname>, and <altname>Lammastide</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lammergeir, Lammergeier</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lam"mer*geir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lam"mer*gei`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>l\'84mmergeier</ets>; <ets>lamm</ets>, pl. <ets>l\'84mmer</ets>, lamb + <ets>geier</ets> vulture.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very large vulture (<spn>Gypa\'89tus barbatus</spn>), which inhabits the mountains of Southern Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa. When full-grown it is nine or ten feet in extent of wings. It is brownish black above, with the under parts and neck rusty yellow; the forehead and crown white; the sides of the head and beard black. It feeds partly on carrion and partly on small animals, which it kills. It has the habit of carrying tortoises and marrow bones to a great height, and dropping them on stones to obtain the contents, and is therefore called <altname>bonebreaker</altname> and <altname>ossifrage</altname>. It is supposed to be the <altname>ossifrage</altname> of the Bible. Called also <altname>bearded vulture</altname> and <altname>bearded eagle</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lammergeyer</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Lamnunguia</h1>
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<hw>Lam*nun"gui*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>lamina</ets> a scale + <ets>unguis</ets> a nail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hyracoidea</er>.</def>

<h1>Lamp</h1>
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<hw>Lamp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[OE. (with excrescent <ets>p</ets>), fr. F. <ets>lame</ets>, L. <ets>lamina</ets>. See <er>Lamina</er>.]</ety> <def>A thin plate or lamina.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lamp</h1>
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<hw>Lamp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lampe</ets>, L. <ets>lampas</ets>, <ets>-adis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ , <?/, torch, fr. <?/ to give light, to shine. Cf. <er>Lampad</er>, <er>Lantern</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A light-producing vessel, instrument or apparatus; especially, a vessel with a wick used for the combustion of oil or other inflammable liquid, for the purpose of producing artificial light.</def><-- needs modernization for electric lamps! See def. 3 -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Figuratively, anything which enlightens intellectually or morally; anything regarded metaphorically a performing the uses of a lamp.</def>

<blockquote>Thy word is a <b>lamp</b> unto my feet, and a light unto my path.
<i>Ps. cxix. 105.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ages elapsed ere Homer's <b>lamp</b> appeared.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A device or mechanism for producing light by electricity. See <cref>Incandescent lamp</cref>, under <er>Incandescent</er>.</def>

<cs><col>\'92olipile lamp</col>, <cd>a hollow ball of copper containing alcohol which is converted into vapor by a lamp beneath, so as to make a powerful blowpipe flame when the vapor is ignited. <i>Weale</i>.</cd> -- <col>Arc lamp</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a form of lamp in which the voltaic arc is used as the source of light.</cd> -- <col>D\'89bereiner's lamp</col>, <cd>an apparatus for the instantaneous production of a flame by the spontaneous ignition of a jet of hydrogen on being led over platinum sponge; -- named after the German chemist <i>D\'94bereiner<i>, who invented it. Called also <altname>philosopher's lamp</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Flameless lamp</col>, <cd>an aphlogistic lamp.</cd> -- <col>Lamp burner</col>, <cd>the part of a lamp where the wick is exposed and ignited. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Lamp fount</col>, <cd>a reservoir for oil, in a lamp.</cd> -- <col>Lamp jack</col>. <cd>See 2d <er>Jack</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4 <sd>(l)</sd> & <sd>(n)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Lamp shade</col>, <cd>a screen, as of paper, glass, or tin, for softening or obstructing the light of a lamp.</cd> -- <col>Lamp shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any brachiopod shell of the genus Terebratula and allied genera. The name refers to the shape, which is like that of an antique lamp. See <er>Terebratula</er>.</cd> -- <col>Safety lamp</col>, <cd>a miner's lamp in which the flame is surrounded by fine wire gauze, preventing the kindling of dangerous explosive gases; -- called also, from Sir Humphry <i>Davy<i> the inventor, <altname>Davy lamp</altname>.</cd> -- <col>To smell of the lamp</col>, <cd>to bear marks of great study and labor, as a literary composition.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lampad</h1>
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<hw>Lam"pad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ , <?/. See <er>Lamp</er>.]</ety> <def>A lamp or candlestick.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>By him who 'mid the golden <b>lampads</b> went.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lampadist</h1>
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<hw>Lam"pa*dist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, torch. See <er>Lamp</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>One who gained the prize in the lampadrome.</def>

<h1>Lampadrome</h1>
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<hw>Lam"pa*drome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, torch + <?/ course, race, fr. <?/ to run.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A race run by young men with lighted torches in their hands. He who reached the goal first, with his torch unextinguished, gained the prize.</def>

<h1>Lampas</h1>
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<hw>Lam"pas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lampas</ets>.]</ety> <def>An inflammation and swelling of the soft parts of the roof of the mouth immediately behind the fore teeth in the horse; -- called also <altname>lampers</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lampate</h1>
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<hw>Lam"pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lampate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A supposed salt of lampic acid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lampblack</h1>
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<hw>Lamp"black`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lamp</ets> + <ets>black</ets>.]</ety> <def>The fine impalpable soot obtained from the smoke of carbonaceous substances which have been only partly burnt, as in the flame of a smoking lamp. It consists of finely divided carbon, with sometimes a very small proportion of various impurities. It is used as an ingredient of printers' ink, and various black pigments and cements.</def>

<h1>Lamper eel</h1>
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<hw>Lam"per eel`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lamprey</er>.</def>

<h1>Lampern</h1>
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<hw>Lam"pern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lamprey</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The river lamprey (<spn>Ammoc\'d2tes, &or; Lampetra, fluviatilis</spn>).</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also applied to other river lampreys.</note>

<h1>Lampers</h1>
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<hw>Lam"pers</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lampas</er>.</def>

<h1>Lampic</h1>
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<hw>Lam"pic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lampique</ets>, fr. <ets>lampe</ets> lamp. See <er>Lamp</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or produced by, a lamp; -- formerly said of a supposed acid.</def>

<h1>Lamping</h1>
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<hw>Lamp"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Shining; brilliant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Lamping</i> eyes."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Lampless</h1>
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<hw>Lamp"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being without a lamp, or without light; hence, being without appreciation; dull.</def>

<blockquote>Your ladies' eyes are <b>lampless</b> to that virtue.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lamplight</h1>
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<hw>Lamp"light`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Light from a lamp.</def>

<blockquote>This world's artificial <b>lamplights</b>.
<i>Owen Meredith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lamplighter</h1>
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<hw>Lamp"light`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, lights a lamp; esp., a person who lights street lamps.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The calico bass.</def>

<h1>Lampoon</h1>
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<hw>Lam*poon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lampon</ets> a drinking song, fr. <ets>lampons</ets> let us drink, -- the burden of such a song, fr.  <ets>lamper</ets> to guzzle, to drink much and greedily; of German origin, and akin to E. <ets>lap</ets> to drink. Prob. so called because drinking songs often contain personal slander or satire.]</ety> <def>A personal satire in writing; usually, malicious and abusive censure written only to reproach and distress.</def>

<blockquote>Like her who missed her name in a <b>lampoon</b>,
And grieved to find herself decayed so soon.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lampoon</h1>
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<hw>Lam*poon"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lampooned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lampooning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To subject to abusive ridicule expressed in writing; to make the subject of a lampoon.</def>

<blockquote>Ribald poets had <b>lampooned</b> him.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To libel; defame; satirize; lash.</syn>

<h1>Lampooner</h1>
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<hw>Lam*poon"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The writer of a lampoon.</def> "Libelers, <i>lampooners</i>, and pamphleteers."

<i>Tatler.</i>

<h1>Lampoonry</h1>
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<hw>Lam*poon"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of lampooning; a lampoon, or lampoons.</def>

<h1>Lamp-post</h1>
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<hw>Lamp"-post`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A post (generally a pillar of iron) supporting a lamp or lantern for lighting a street, park, etc.</def>

<h1>Lamprel</h1>
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<hw>Lam"prel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lamprey</er>.</def>

<h1>Lamprey</h1>
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<hw>Lam"prey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> ; <plu>pl. <plw>Lampreys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>lampreie</ets>, F. <ets>lamproie</ets>, LL. <ets>lampreda</ets>, <ets>lampetra</ets>, from L. <ets>lambere</ets> to lick + <ets>petra</ets> rock, stone. The lampreys are so called because they attach themselves with their circular mouths to rocks and stones, whence they are also called <altname>rocksuckers</altname>. See <er>Lap</er> to drink, <er>Petrify</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An eel-like marsipobranch of the genus <spn>Petromyzon</spn>, and allied genera. The lampreys have a round, sucking mouth, without jaws, but set with numerous minute teeth, and one to three larger teeth on the palate (see <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Cyclostomi</er>). There are seven small branchial openings on each side.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lamper eel</asp>, <asp>lamprel</asp>, and <asp>lampron</asp>.]</altsp>

<hr>
<page="827">
Page 827<p>

<note>&hand; The common or sea lamprey of America and Europe (<spn>Petromyzon marinus</spn>), which in spring ascends rivers to spawn, is considered excellent food by many, and is sold as a market fish in some localities. The smaller river lampreys mostly belong to the genus <spn>Ammoc\'d2les</spn>, or <spn>Lampetra</spn>, as <spn>A. fluviatilis</spn>, of Europe, and <spn>A. \'91pypterus</spn> of America. All lampreys attach themselves to other fishes, as parasites, by means of the suckerlike mouth.</note>

<h1>Lampron</h1>
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<hw>Lam"pron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>lampreon</ets>. See <er>Lamprey</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lamprey</er>.</def>

<h1>Lampyrine</h1>
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<hw>Lam*py"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lampyris</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect of the genus Lampyris, or family <i>Lampyrid\'91</i>. See <er>Lampyris</er>.</def>

<h1>Lampyris</h1>
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<hw>Lam*py"ris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., glowworm, Gr. (<?/).]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of coleopterous insects, including the glowworms.</def>

<h1>Lanarkite</h1>
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<hw>Lan"ark*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Lanark</ets>shire, a county in Scotland.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral consisting of sulphate of lead, occurring either massive or in long slender prisms, of a greenish white or gray color.</def>

<h1>Lanary</h1>
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<hw>La"na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lanaria</ets>, fr. <ets>lanarius</ets> belonging to wool, <ets>lana</ets> wool.]</ety> <def>A place for storing wool.</def>

<h1>Lanate, Lanated</h1>
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<hw><hw>La"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>La"na*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw><ety>[L. <ets>lanatus</ets>, fr. <ets>lana</ets> wool, down.]</ety> <def>Wooly; covered with fine long hair, or hairlike filaments.</def>

<h1>Lacashire boiler</h1>
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<hw>La"ca*shire boil"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A steam boiler having two flues which contain the furnaces and extend through the boiler from end to end.</def>

<h1>Lacasterian</h1>
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<hw>La`cas*te"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the monitorial system of instruction followed by Joseph <i>Lancaster</i>, of England, in which advanced pupils in a school teach pupils below them.</def>

<h1>Lance</h1>
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<hw>Lance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lance</ets>, F. <ets>lance</ets>, <ets>fr</ets>. L. <ets>lancea</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Launch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A weapon of war, consisting of a long shaft or handle and a steel blade or head; a spear carried by horsemen, and often decorated with a small flag; also, a spear or harpoon used by whalers and fishermen.</def>

<blockquote>A braver soldier never couched <b>lance</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A soldier armed with a lance; a lancer.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A small iron rod which suspends the core of the mold in casting a shell.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An instrument which conveys the charge of a piece of ordnance and forces it home.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <def>One of the small paper cases filled with combustible composition, which mark the outlines of a figure.</def>

<cs><col>Free lance</col>, <cd>in the Middle Ages, and subsequently, a knight or roving soldier, who was free to engage for any state or commander that purchased his services; hence, a person who assails institutions or opinions on his own responsibility without regard to party lines or deference to authority.</cd> -- <col>Lance bucket</col> <fld>(Cavalry)</fld>, <cd>a socket attached to a saddle or stirrup strap, in which to rest the but of a lance.</cd> -- <col>Lance corporal</col>, <cd>same as <er>Lancepesade</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lance knight</col>, <cd>a lansquenet. <i>B. Jonson</i>.</cd> -- <col>Lance snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the fer-de-lance.</cd> -- <col>Stink-fire lance</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of fuse filled with a composition which burns with a suffocating odor; -- used in the counter operations of miners.</cd> <col>To break a lance</col></mcol>, <cd>to engage in a tilt or contest.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lance</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Lance</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lanced</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lancing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pierce with a lance, or with any similar weapon.</def>

<blockquote>Seized the due victim, and with fury <b>lanced</b>
Her back.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To open with a lancet; to pierce; <as>as, to <ex>lance</ex> a vein or an abscess</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To throw in the manner of a lance. See <er>Lanch</er>.</def>

<h1>Lance fish</h1>
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<hw>Lance" fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A slender marine fish of the genus <spn>Ammodytes</spn>, especially <spn>Ammodytes tobianus</spn> of the English coast; -- called also <altname>sand lance</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lancegay, Lancegaye</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lance"gay`</hw>, <hw>Lance"gaye`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>lancegaie</ets>, corrupted from the same source as E. <ets>assagai</ets>, under the influence of F. <ets>lance</ets> lance. See <er>Assagai</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of spear anciently used. Its use was prohibited by a statute of Richard II.</def>

<i>Nares.</i>

<blockquote>In his hand a <b>launcegay</b>,
A long sword by his side.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lancelet</h1>
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<hw>Lance"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lance</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fishlike animal (<spn>Amphioxus lanceolatus</spn>), remarkable for the rudimentary condition of its organs. It is the type of the class Leptocardia. See <er>Amphioxus</er>, <er>Leptocardia</er>.</def>

<h1>Lancely</h1>
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<hw>Lance"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a lance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Sir P. Sidney</i>.

<h1>Lanceolar</h1>
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<hw>Lan"ce*o*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lanceola</ets> a little lance, dim. of <ets>lancea</ets> lance: cf. F. <ets>lanc\'82olaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Lanceolate.</def>

<h1>Lanceolate, Lanceolated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lan"ce*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lan"ce*o*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lanceolatus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lanc\'82ol<?/</ets>. See <er>Lanceolar</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Rather narrow, tapering to a point at the apex, and sometimes at the base also; <as>as, a <ex>lanceolate</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Lancepesade</h1>
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<hw>Lance`pe*sade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lancepessade</ets>, <ets>lanspessade</ets>, <ets>anspessade</ets>, It. <ets>lancia spezzata</ets> a broken lance or demilance, a demilance roan, a light horseman, bodyguard.]</ety> <def>An assistant to a corporal; a private performing the duties of a corporal; -- called also <altname>lance corporal</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lancer</h1>
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<hw>Lan"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lancier</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who lances; one who carries a lance; especially, a member of a mounted body of men armed with lances, attached to the cavalry service of some nations.</def>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lancet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Dancing)</fld> <def>A set of quadrilles of a certain arrangement.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lanciers</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Lancet</h1>
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<hw>Lan"cet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lancette</ets>, dim. of <ets>lance</ets> lance. See <er>Lance</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A surgical instrument of various forms, commonly sharp-pointed and two-edged, used in venesection, and in opening abscesses, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>An iron bar used for tapping a melting furnace.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<cs><col>Lancet arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a pointed arch, of which the width, or span, is narrow compared with the height.</cd> -- <col>Lancet architecture</col>, <cd>a name given to a style of architecture, in which lancet arches are common; -- peculiar to England and 13th century.</cd> -- <col>Lancet fish</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A large, voracious, deep-sea fish (<spn>Alepidosaurus ferox</spn>), having long, sharp, lancetlike teeth</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The doctor, or surgeon fish.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lancewood</h1>
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<hw>Lance"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tough, elastic wood, often used for the shafts of gigs, archery bows, fishing rods, and the like. Also, the tree which produces this wood, <spn>Duguetia Quitarensis</spn> (a native of Guiana and Cuba), and several other trees of the same family (<spn>Anonase\'91</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>Australian lancewood</col>, <cd>a myrtaceous tree (<spn>Backhousia Australis</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Lanch</h1>
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<hw>Lanch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lanched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lanching</er>. See <er>Lanching</er>. See <er>Launch</er>, <er>Lance</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To throw, as a lance; to let fly; to launch.</def>

<blockquote>See Whose arm can <b>lanch</b> the surer bolt.
<i>Dryden & Lee.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lanciferous</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Lan*cif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lance</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing a lance.</def>

<h1>Lanciform</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Lan"ci*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lance</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lanciforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a lance.</def>

<h1>Lanciname</h1>
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<hw>Lan"ci*name</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lancinated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lancinating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>lancinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>lancinare</ets> to fear.]</ety> <def>To tear; to lacerate; to pierce or stab.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Lancinating</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Lan"ci*na`ting</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Piercing; seeming to pierce or stab; <as>as, <ex>lancinating</ex> pains (i</as>.e., severe, darting pains).</def>

<h1>Lancination</h1>
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<hw>Lan`ci*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tearing; laceration.</def> "<i>Lancinations</i> of the spirit."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Land</h1>
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<hw>Land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Urine. See <er>Lant</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Land</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Land</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>land</ets>, <ets>lond</ets>; akin to D., G., Icel., Sw., Dan., and Goth. <ets>land</ets>. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The solid part of the surface of the earth; -- opposed to water as constituting a part of such surface, especially to oceans and seas; <as>as, to sight <ex>land</ex> after a long voyage</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They turn their heads to sea, their sterns to <b>land</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any portion, large or small, of the surface of the earth, considered by itself, or as belonging to an individual or a people, as a country, estate, farm, or tract.</def>

<blockquote>Go view the <b>land</b>, even Jericho.
<i>Josh. ii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ill fares the <b>land</b>, to hastening ills a prey,
Where wealth accumulates and men decay.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>
<-- See also, Goldsmith:
Where wealth and freedom reign contentment fails,
And honor sinks where commerce long prevails.
(THe captivity, an Oratorio.  Act II line 91) -->

<note>&hand; In the expressions "to be, or dwell, upon <i>land</i>," "<i>to go</i>, <i>or fare</i>, on <i>land</i>," as used by Chaucer, <i>land</i> denotes the country as distinguished from the town.</note>

<blockquote>A poor parson dwelling upon <b>land</b> [i.e., in the country].
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Ground, in respect to its nature or quality; soil; <as>as, wet <ex>land</ex>; good or bad <ex>land</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The inhabitants of a nation or people.</def>

<blockquote>These answers, in the silent night received,
The kind himself divulged, the <b>land</b> believed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The mainland, in distinction from islands.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The ground or floor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Herself upon the <b>land</b> she did prostrate.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>The ground left unplowed between furrows; any one of several portions into which a field is divided for convenience in plowing.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Any ground, soil, or earth whatsoever, as meadows, pastures, woods, etc., and everything annexed to it, whether by nature, as trees, water, etc., or by the hand of man, as buildings, fences, etc.; real estate.</def>

<i>Kent. Bouvier. Burrill.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The lap of the strakes in a clinker-built boat; the lap of plates in an iron vessel; -- called also <altname>landing</altname>.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>In any surface prepared with indentations, perforations, or grooves, that part of the surface which is not so treated, as the level part of a millstone between the furrows, or the surface of the bore of a rifled gun between the grooves.</def>

<cs><col>Land agent</col>, <cd>a person employed to sell or let land, to collect rents, and to attend to other money matters connected with land.</cd> -- <col>Land boat</col>, <cd>a vehicle on wheels propelled by sails.</cd> -- <col>Land blink</col>, <cd>a peculiar atmospheric brightness seen from sea over distant snow-covered land in arctic regions. See <er>Ice blink</er>.</cd> -- <col>Land breeze</col>. <cd>See under <er>Breeze</er>.</cd> -- <col>Land chain</col>. <cd>See <er>Gunter's chain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Land crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of various species of crabs which live much on the land, and resort to the water chiefly for the purpose of breeding. They are abundant in the West Indies and South America. Some of them grow to a large size.</cd> -- <col>Land fish</col> <cd>a fish on land; a person quite out of place.</cd <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>Land force</col>, <cd>a military force serving on land, as distinguished from a naval force.</cd> -- <col>Land, ho!</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a sailor's cry in announcing sight of land.</cd> -- <col>Land ice</col>, <cd>a field of ice adhering to the coast, in distinction from a floe.</cd> -- <col>Land leech</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of blood-sucking leeches, which, in moist, tropical regions, live on land, and are often troublesome to man and beast.</cd> -- <col>Land measure</col>, <cd>the system of measurement used in determining the area of land; also, a table of areas used in such measurement.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Land, &or; House</col>, <col>of bondage</col></mcol>, <cd>in Bible history, Egypt; by extension, a place or condition of special oppression.</cd> -- <col>Land o' cakes</col>, <cd>Scotland.</cd> -- <col>Land of Nod</col>, <cd>sleep.</cd> -- <col>Land of promise</col>, <cd>in Bible history, Canaan: by extension, a better country or condition of which one has expectation.</cd> -- <col>Land of steady habits</col>, <cd>a nickname sometimes given to the State of Connecticut.</cd> -- <col>Land office</col>, <cd>a government office in which the entries upon, and sales of, public land are registered, and other business respecting the public lands is transacted.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Land pike</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The gray pike, or sauger.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Menobranchus.</cd> -- <col>Land service</col>, <cd>military service as distinguished from naval service.</cd> -- <col>Land rail</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The crake or corncrake of Europe</cd>. See <er>Crake</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An Australian rail (<spn>Hypot\'91nidia Phillipensis</spn>); -- called also <altname>pectoral rail</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Land scrip</col>, <cd>a certificate that the purchase money for a certain portion of the public land has been paid to the officer entitled to receive it.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Land shark</col>, <cd>a swindler of sailors on shore.</cd> <mark>[Sailors' Cant]</mark> -- <col>Land side</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>That side of anything in or on the sea, as of an island or ship, which is turned toward the land</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The side of a plow which is opposite to the moldboard and which presses against the unplowed land.</cd> -- <col>Land snail</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any snail which lives on land, as distinguished from the aquatic snails are Pulmonifera, and belong to the Geophila; but the operculated land snails of warm countries are Di\'d2cia, and belong to the T\'91nioglossa. See <er>Geophila</er>, and <er>Helix</er>.</cd> -- <col>Land spout</col>, <cd>a descent of cloud and water in a conical form during the occurrence of a tornado and heavy rainfall on land.</cd> -- <col>Land steward</col>, <cd>a person who acts for another in the management of land, collection of rents, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Land tortoise</col>, <col>Land turtle</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any tortoise that habitually lives on dry land, as the box tortoise. See <er>Tortoise</er>.</cd> -- <col>Land warrant</col>, <cd>a certificate from the Land Office, authorizing a person to assume ownership of a public land.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Land wind</col></mcol>. <cd>Same as <cref>Land breeze</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>To make land</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to sight land.</cd> <col>To set the land</col>, <cd>to see by the compass how the land bears from the ship.</cd> -- <col>To shut in the land</col>, <cd>to hide the land, as when fog, or an intervening island, obstructs the view.</cd></cs>

<h1>Land</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Landed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Landing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set or put on shore from a ship or other water craft; to disembark; to debark.</def>

<blockquote>I 'll undertake top <b>land</b> them on our coast.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To catch and bring to shore; to capture; <as>as, to <ex>land</ex> a fish</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To set down after conveying; to cause to fall, alight, or reach; to bring to the end of a course; <as>as, he <ex>landed</ex> the quoit near the stake; to be thrown from a horse and <ex>landed</ex> in the mud; to <ex>land</ex> one in difficulties or mistakes.</as></def>

<h1>Land</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Land</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To go on shore from a ship or boat; to disembark; to come to the end of a course.</def>

<h1>Landamman</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Lan"dam*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>Landamman</ets>; <ets>land</ets> land, country + <ets>amimann</ets> bailiff. See <er>Land</er>, and <er>Ambassador</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chief magistrate in some of the Swiss cantons.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The president of the diet of the Helvetic republic.</def>

<h1>Landau</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Lan"dau</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the town <ets>Ladau</ets> in Germany; cf. F. <ets>landau</ets>. See <er>Land</er>, <er>Island</er>.]</ety> <def>A four-wheeled covered vehicle, the top of which is divided into two sections which can be let down, or thrown back, in such a manner as to make an open carriage.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>landaw</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Landaulet</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Lan`dau*let"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>landaulet</ets>, dim, of <ets>landau</ets>. See <er>Landau</er>.]</ety> <def>A small landau.</def>

<h1>Landed</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Land"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having an estate in land.</def>

<blockquote>The House of Commons must consist, for the most part, of <b>landed</b> men.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting in real estate or land; <as>as, <ex>landed</ex> property; <ex>landed</ex> security.</as></def>

<h1>Lander</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Land"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who lands, or makes a landing.</def> "The <i>lander</i> in a lonely isle."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A person who waits at the mouth of the shaft to receive the kibble of ore.</def>

<h1>Landfall</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Land"fall</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden transference of property in land by the death of its owner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Sighting or making land when at sea.</def>

<cs><col>A good landfall</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the sighting of land in conformity with the navigator's reckoning and expectation.</cd></cs>

<h1>Landflood</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Land"flood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An overflowing of land by river; an inundation; a freshet.</def>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<h1>Landgrave</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Land"grave`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>landgraf</ets>; <ets>land</ets> land + <ets>graf</ets> earl, count; cf. D. <ets>landgraaf</ets>, F. <ets>landgrave</ets>.]</ety> <def>A German nobleman of a rank corresponding to that of an earl in England and of a count in France.</def>

<note>&hand; The title was first adopted by some German counts in the twelfth century, to distinguish themselves from the inferior counts under their jurisdiction. Three of them were princes of the empire.</note>

<h1>Landgraviate</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Land*gra"vi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>landgraviat</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The territory held by a landgrave.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The office, jurisdiction, or authority of a landgrave.</def>

<h1>Landgravine</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Land"gra*vine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>landgr\'84fin</ets>; cf. D. <ets>landgravin</ets>.]</ety> <def>The wife of a landgrave.</def>

<h1>Landholder</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Land"hold`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A holder, owner, or proprietor of land.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Land"hold`ing</wf>, <tt>n. & a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Landing</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Land"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to or used for, setting, bringing, or going, on shore.</def>

<cs><col>Landing charges</col>, <cd>charges or fees paid on goods unloaded from a vessel.</cd> -- <col>Landing net</col>, <cd>a small, bag-shaped net, used in fishing to take the fish from the water after being hooked.</cd> -- <col>Landing stage</col>, <cd>a floating platform attached at one end to a wharf in such a manner as to rise and fall with the tide, and thus facilitate passage between the wharf and a vessel lying beside the stage.</cd> -- <col>Landing waiter</col>, <cd>a customhouse officer who oversees the landing of goods, etc., from vessels; a landwaiter.</cd></cs>

<h1>Landing</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Land"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A going or bringing on shore.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place for landing, as from a ship, a carriage. etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The level part of a staircase, at the top of a flight of stairs, or connecting one flight with another.</def>

<cs><col>Landing place</col>. <cd>me as <er>Landing</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2 and 3.</cd></cs>

<h1>Landlady</h1>
<Xpage=827>

<hw>Land"la`dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Landladies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. <er>Landlord</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A woman having real estate which she leases to a tenant or tenants.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The mistress of an inn or lodging house.</def>

<hr>
<page="828">
Page 828<p>

<h1>Landleaper</h1>
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<hw>Land"leap`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Landlouper</er>.</def>

<h1>Landless</h1>
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<hw>Land"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no property in land.</def>

<h1>Landlock</h1>
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<hw>Land"lock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inclose, or nearly inclose, as a harbor or a vessel, with land.</def>

<h1>Landlocked</h1>
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<hw>Land"locked`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclosed, or nearly inclosed, by land.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Confined to a fresh-water lake by reason of waterfalls or dams; -- said of fishes that would naturally seek the sea, after spawning; <as>as, the <ex>landlocked</ex> salmon</as>.</def>

<h1>Landloper</h1>
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<hw>Land"lo`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Landlouper</er>.</def>

<h1>Landlord</h1>
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<hw>Land"lord`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Land</er>, and <er>Lord</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The lord of a manor, or of land; the owner of land or houses which he leases to a tenant or tenants.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The master of an inn or of a lodging house.</def>

<blockquote>Upon our arrival at the inn, my companion fetched out the jolly <b>landlord</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Landlordism</h1>
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<hw>Land"lord`ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a landlord; the characteristics of a landlord; specifically, in Great Britain, the relation of landlords to tenants, especially as regards leased agricultural lands.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Landlordry</h1>
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<hw>Land"lord`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of a landlord.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Landlouper</h1>
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<hw>Land"loup`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>landlooper</ets>, lit., <ets>landrunner</ets>; <ets>land</ets> land + <ets>loopen</ets> to run. See <er>Land</er>, and <er>Leap</er>.]</ety> <def>A vagabond; a vagrant.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>landleaper</asp> and <asp>landloper</asp>.]</altsp> "Bands of <i>landloupers</i>."

<i>Moltey.</i>

<h1>Landlouping</h1>
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<hw>Land"loup`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Vagrant; wandering about.</def>

<h1>Landlubber</h1>
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<hw>Land"lub`ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prop. fr. <ets>land + lubber</ets>, or possibly corrupted fr. <ets>laudlouper</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One who passes his life on land; -- so called among seamen in contempt or ridicule.</def>

<h1>Landman</h1>
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<hw>Land"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Landmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A man who lives or serves on land; -- opposed to <i>seaman</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng.)</fld> <def>An occupier of land.</def>

<i> Cowell.</i>

<h1>Landmark</h1>
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<hw>Land"mark`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>landmearc</ets>. See <er>Land</er>, and <er>Mark</er> a sign.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mark to designate the boundary of land; any , mark or fixed object (as a marked tree, a stone, a ditch, or a heap of stones) by which the limits of a farm, a town, or other portion of territory may be known and preserved.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any conspicuous object on land that serves as a guide; some prominent object, as a hill or steeple.</def>

<cs><col>Landmarks of history</col>, <cd>important events by which eras or conditions are determined.</cd></cs>

<h1>Landowner</h1>
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<hw>Land"own`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An owner of land.</def>

<h1>Landowning</h1>
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<hw>Land"own`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The owning of land.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Having property in land; of or pertaining to landowners.</def></def2>

<h1>Land-poor</h1>
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<hw>Land"-poor`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pecuniarily embarrassed through owning much unprofitable land.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Landreeve</h1>
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<hw>Land"reeve`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Land</ets> + <ets>reeve</ets> an officer.]</ety> <def>A subordinate officer on an extensive estate, who acts as an assistant to the steward.</def>

<h1>Landscape</h1>
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<hw>Land"scape</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>landskip</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[D. <ets>landschap</ets>; <ets>land</ets> land + <ets>-schap</ets>, equiv. to E. <ets>-schip</ets>; akin to G. <ets>landschaft</ets>, Sw. <ets>landskap</ets>, Dan. <ets>landskab</ets>. See <er>Land</er>, <er>and</er> <er>-schip</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A portion of land or territory which the eye can comprehend in a single view, including all the objects it contains.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A picture representing a scene by land or sea, actual or fancied, the chief subject being the general aspect of nature, as fields, hills, forests, water. etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The pictorial aspect of a country.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>landscape</b> of his native country had taken hold on his heart.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Landscape gardening</col>, <cd>The art of laying out grounds and arranging trees, shrubbery, etc., in such a manner as to produce a picturesque effect.</cd></cs>

<h1>Landscapist</h1>
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<hw>Land"scap`ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A painter of landscapes.</def>

<h1>Landskip</h1>
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<hw>Land"skip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Landscape</er>.]</ety> <def>A landscape.</def> <mark>[Obs. except in poetry.]</mark>

<blockquote>Straight my eye hath caught new pleasures,
Whilst the <b>landskip</b> round it measures.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Landslip, Landslide</h1>
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<hw><hw>Land"slip`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Land"slide`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The slipping down of a mass of land from a mountain, hill, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The land which slips down.</def>

<h1>Landsman</h1>
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<hw>Lands"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Landsmen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>.</def>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who lives on the land; -- opposed to <i>seaman</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A sailor on his first voyage.</def>

<h1>Landstreight</h1>
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<hw>Land"streight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Strait</er>.]</ety> <def>A narrow strip of land.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Landsturm</h1>
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<hw>Land"sturm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. See <er>Land</er>, and <er>Storm</er>.]</ety> <def>That part of the reserve force in Germany which is called out last.</def>

<h1>Landtag</h1>
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<hw>Land"tag`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. See <er>Land</er>, and <er>Day</er>.]</ety> <def>The diet or legislative body; <as>as, the <ex>Landtag</ex> of Prussia</as>.</def>

<h1>Landwaiter</h1>
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<hw>Land"wait`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <cref>Landing waiter</cref>, under <er>Landing</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Landward</h1>
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<hw>Land"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <def>Toward the land.</def>

<h1>Landwehr</h1>
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<hw>Land"wehr`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., fr. <ets>land</ets> land, country + <ets>wehr</ets> defense.]</ety> <def>That part of the army, in Germany and Austria, which has completed the usual military service and is exempt from duty in time of peace, except that it is called out occasionally for drill.</def>

<h1>Lane</h1>
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<hw>Lane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lone</er>.]</ety> <def>Alone</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<cs><col>His lane</col>, <cd>by himself; himself alone.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lane</h1>
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<hw>Lane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lane</ets>, <ets>lone</ets>, AS. <ets>lone</ets>, <ets>lone</ets>; akin to D. <ets>laan</ets>, OFries. <ets>lana</ets>, <ets>lona</ets>.]</ety> <def>A passageway between fences or hedges which is not traveled as a highroad; an alley between buildings; a narrow way among trees, r<?/cks, and other natural obstructions; hence, in a general sense, a narrow passageway; <as>as, a <ex>lane</ex> between lines of men, or through a field of ice</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It is become a turn-again <b>lane</b> unto them which they can not go through.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lang</h1>
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<hw>Lang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Long.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Langaha</h1>
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<hw>Lan"ga*ha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A curious colubriform snake of the genus <spn>Xyphorhynchus</spn>, from Madagascar. It is brownish red, and its hose is prolonged in the form of a sharp blade.</def>

<h1>Langarey</h1>
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<hw>Lan`ga*rey"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of numerous species of long-winged, shrikelike birds of Australia and the East Indies, of the genus <spn>Artamus</spn>, and allied genera; called also <altname>wood swallow</altname>.</def>

<h1>Langate</h1>
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<hw>Lan"gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A linen roller used in dressing wounds.</def>

<h1>Langdak</h1>
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<hw>Lang"dak`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wolf (<spn>Canis pallipes</spn>), found in India, allied to the jackal.</def>

<h1>Langrage, Langrel</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lan"grage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lan"grel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of shot formerly used at sea for tearing sails and rigging. It consisted of bolts, nails, and other pieces of iron fastened together or inclosed in a canister.</def>

<h1>Langret</h1>
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<hw>Lan"gret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of loaded die.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Langridge</h1>
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<hw>Lan"gridge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Langrage</er>. <note>[Sometimes compounded with <i>shot</i>.]</note></def>

<h1>Langsyne</h1>
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<hw>Lang`syne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. & n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>lang</ets> long + <ets>syne</ets> since.]</ety> <def>Long since; long ago.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Langteraloo</h1>
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<hw>Lang`ter*a*loo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Loo</er>.]</ety> <def>An old game at cards. See <er>Loo</er> <sd>(a)</sd></def>

<i>Tatler.</i>

<h1>Language</h1>
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<hw>Lan"guage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>langage</ets>, F. <ets>langage</ets>, fr. L. <ets>lingua</ets> the tongue, hence speech, language; akin to E. <ets>tongue</ets>. See <er>Tongue</er>, cf. <er>Lingual</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any means of conveying or communicating ideas; specifically, human speech; the expression of ideas by the voice; sounds, expressive of thought, articulated by the organs of the throat and mouth.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Language</i> consists in the oral utterance of sounds which usage has made the representatives of ideas. When two or more persons customarily annex the same sounds to the same ideas, the expression of these sounds by one person communicates his ideas to another. This is the primary sense of <i>language</i>, the use of which is to communicate the thoughts of one person to another through the organs of hearing. Articulate sounds are represented to the eye by letters, marks, or characters, which form words.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The expression of ideas by writing, or any other instrumentality.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The forms of speech, or the methods of expressing ideas, peculiar to a particular nation.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The characteristic mode of arranging words, peculiar to an individual speaker or writer; manner of expression; style.</def>

<blockquote>Others for <b>language</b> all their care express.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The inarticulate sounds by which animals inferior to man express their feelings or their wants.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The suggestion, by objects, actions, or conditions, of ideas associated therewith; <as>as, the <ex>language</ex> of flowers</as>.</def>

<blockquote>There was . . . <b>language</b> in their very gesture.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The vocabulary and phraseology belonging to an art or department of knowledge; <as>as, medical <ex>language</ex>; the <ex>language</ex> of chemistry or theology.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A race, as distinguished by its speech.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>All the people, the nations, and the <b>languages</b>, fell down and worshiped the golden image.
<i>Dan. iii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Language master</col>, <cd>a teacher of languages.<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Speech; tongue; idiom; dialect; phraseology; diction; discourse; conversation; talk.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Language</er>, <er>Speech</er>, <er>Tongue</er>, <er>Idiom</er>, <er>Dialect</er>. <i>Language</i> is generic, denoting, in its most extended use, any mode of conveying ideas; <i>speech</i> is the language of articulate sounds; <i>tongue</i> is the Anglo-Saxon tern for language, esp. for spoken language; as, the English <i>tongue</i>. <i>Idiom</i> denotes the forms of construction peculiar to a particular language; <i>dialects</i> are varieties if expression which spring up in different parts of a country among people speaking substantially the same <i>language</i>.</usage>

<h1>Language</h1>
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<hw>Lan"guage</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Languaged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Languaging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To communicate by language; to express in language.</def>

<blockquote>Others were <b>languaged</b> in such doubtful expressions that they have a double sense.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Languaged</h1>
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<hw>Lan"guaged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a language; skilled in language; -- chiefly used in composition.</def> " Many<i>languaged</i> nations."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Languageless</h1>
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<hw>Lan"guage*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lacking or wanting language; speechless; silent.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Langued</h1>
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<hw>Langued</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>langue</ets> tongue. See <er>Language</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Tongued; having the tongue visible.</def>

<blockquote>Lions . . . represented as armed and <b>langued</b> gules.
<i>Cussans.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Langue d'oc</h1>
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<hw>Langue` d'oc"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., language of <ets>oc</ets> yes.]</ety> <def>The dialect, closely akin to French, formerly spoken south of the Loire (in which the word for "yes" was <i>oc</i>); Provencal.</def>

<h1>Langue d'o\'8bl</h1>
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<hw>Langue` d'o\'8bl"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., language of <ets>o\'8bl</ets> yes.]</ety> <def>The dialect formerly spoken north of the Loire (in which the word for "yes" was <i>o\'8bl</i>, F. <i>oui</i>).</def>

<h1>Languente</h1>
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<hw>Lan*guen"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[It., p. pr. of <ets>languire</ets>. See <er>Languish</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In a languishing manner; pathetically.</def>

<h1>Languet</h1>
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<hw>Lan"guet</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>languette</ets>, dim. of <ets>langue</ets> tongue, L. <ets>lingua</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything resembling the tongue in form or office; specif., the slip of metal in an organ pipe which turns the current of air toward its mouth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That part of the hilt, in certain kinds of swords, which overlaps the scabbard.</def>

<h1>Languid</h1>
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<hw>Lan"guid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>languidus</ets>, fr. <ets>languere</ets> to be faint or languid: cf. F. <ets>languide</ets>. See <er>Languish</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Drooping or flagging from exhaustion; indisposed to exertion; without animation; weak; weary; heavy; dull.</def> " <i>Languid</i>, powerless limbs. "

<i>Armstrong.</i>

<blockquote>Fire their <b>languid</b> souls with Cato's virtue.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Slow in progress; tardy.</def> " No motion so swift or <i>languid</i>."

<i>Bentley.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Promoting or indicating weakness or heaviness; <as>as, a <ex>languid</ex> day</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Feebly she laugheth in the <b>languid</b> moon.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their idleness, aimless and <b>languid</b> airs.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Feeble; weak; faint; sickly; pining; exhausted; weary; listless; heavy; dull; heartless.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Lan"guid*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Lan"guid*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Languish</h1>
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<hw>Lan"guish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Languished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Languishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>languishen</ets>, <ets>languissen</ets>, F. <ets>languir</ets>, L. <ets>languere</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ to slacken, <?/ slack, Icel. <ets>lakra</ets> to lag behind; prob. akin to E. <ets>lag</ets>, <ets>lax</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>slack</ets>.See <er>-ish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become languid or weak; to lose strength or animation; to be or become dull, feeble or spiritless; to pine away; to wither or fade.</def>

<blockquote>We . . . do <b>languish</b> of such diseases.
<i>2 Esdras viii. 31.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cease, fond nature, cease thy strife,
And let me <b>landguish</b> into life.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For the fields of Heshbon <b>languish</b>.
<i>Is. xvi. 8. </i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To assume an expression of weariness or tender grief, appealing for sympathy.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To pine; wither; fade; droop; faint.</syn>

<h1>Languish</h1>
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<hw>Lan"guish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To cause to dr<?/<?/p or pine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak. Dryden.</i>

<h1>Languish</h1>
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<hw>Lan"guish</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Languishiment</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>What, of death, too,
That rids our dogs of <b>languish</b> ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And the blue <b>languish</b> of soft Allia's eye.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Languisher</h1>
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<hw>Lan"guish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who languishes.</def>

<h1>Languishing</h1>
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<hw>Lan"guish*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Becoming languid and weak; pining; losing health and strength.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Amorously pensive; <as>as, <ex>languishing</ex> eyes, or look</as>.</def>

<h1>Languishingly</h1>
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<hw>Lan"guish*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a languishing manner.</def>

<h1>Languishment</h1>
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<hw>Lan"guish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of languishing.</def> " Lingering <i>languishment</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tenderness of look or mien; amorous pensiveness.</def>

<h1>Languishness</h1>
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<hw>Lan"guish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Languishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Languor</h1>
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<hw>Lan"guor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>langour</ets>, OF. <ets>langour</ets>, F. <ets>langueur</ets>, L. <ets>languor</ets>. See Languish.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A state of the body or mind which is caused by exhaustion of strength and characterized by a languid feeling; feebleness; lassitude; laxity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any enfeebling disease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sick men with divers <b>languors</b>.
<i>Wyclif (Luke iv. 40).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Listless indolence; dreaminess. <i>Pope</i>.</def> " German dreams, Italian <i>languors</i>."

<i>The Century.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Feebleness; weakness; faintness; weariness; dullness; heaviness; lassitude; listlessness.</syn>

<h1>Languorous</h1>
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<hw>Lan"guor*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Languor</er>: cf. F. <ets>langoureux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing, or tending to produce, languor; characterized by languor.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Whom late I left in <b>languorous</b> constraint.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To wile the length from <b>languorous</b> hours, and draw
The sting from pain.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Langure</h1>
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<hw>Lan"gure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To languish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Langya</h1>
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<hw>Lan"gya</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <ety>[Native name Anglicized.]</ety> <def>One of several species of East Indian and Asiatic fresh-water fishes of the genus <spn>Ophiocephalus</spn>, remarkable for their power of living out of water, and for their tenacity of life; -- called also <altname>walking fishes</altname>.</def>

<h1>Laniard</h1>
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<hw>Lan"iard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lanyard</er>.</def>

<h1>Laniariform</h1>
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<hw>La`ni*ar"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Laniary</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a laniary, or canine, tooth.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Laniary</h1>
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<hw>La"ni*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>laniarius</ets>, fr. <ets>lanius</ets> butcher, <ets>laniare</ets> to tear in pieces: cf. F. <ets>laniaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Lacerating or tearing; <as>as, the <ex>laniary</ex> canine teeth</as>.</def>

<h1>Laniary</h1>
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<hw>La"ni*a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <er>Laniary</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The shambles; a place of slaughter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A laniary, or canine, tooth.</def>

<h1>Laniate</h1>
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<hw>La"ni*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>laniatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>laniare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To tear in pieces.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Laniation</h1>
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<hw>La`ni*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>laniatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tearing in pieces.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Lanier</h1>
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<hw>Lan"ier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lani\'8are</ets>. See <er>Lanyard</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lanner</asp>, <asp>lanyer</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thong of leather; a whip lash.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A strap used to fasten together parts of armor, to hold the shield by, and the like.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Laniferous</h1>
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<hw>La*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lanifer</ets>; <ets>lana</ets> wool + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>lanif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing or producing wool.</def>

<h1>Lanifical</h1>
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<hw>La*nif"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lanificus</ets>; <ets>lana</ets> wool + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Working in wool.</def>

<h1>Lanifice</h1>
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<hw>Lan"i*fice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lanificium</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>lanifice</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anything made of wool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Lanigerous</h1>
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<hw>La*nig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>laniger</ets>; <ets>lano</ets> wool + <ets>gerere</ets> to hear.]</ety> <def>Bearing or producing wool.</def>

<h1>Lanioid</h1>
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<hw>La"ni*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Lanius</ets> (fr. L. <ets>lanius</ets> a butcher), the typical genus + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the shrikes (family <i>Laniid\'91</i>).</def>

<h1>Lank</h1>
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<hw>Lank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Lanker</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Lankest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<er>AS</er>. <ets>hlanc</ets>; cf. G. <ets>lenken</ets> to turn, <ets>gelenk</ets> joint, OHG. <ets>hlanca</ets> hip, side, flank, and E. <ets>link</ets> of a chain.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Slender and thin; not well filled out; not plump; shrunken; lean.</def>

<blockquote>Meager and <b>lank</b> with fasting grown.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who would not choose . . . to have rather a <b>lank</b> purse than an empty brain?
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Languid; drooping.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Who, piteous of her woes, reared her <b>lank</b> head.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Lank hair</col>, <cd>long, thin hair.</cd></cs>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Lank</h1>
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<hw>Lank</hw>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To become lank; to make lank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak.</i> <i>G. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Lankiness</h1>
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<hw>Lank"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or quality or being lanky.</def>

<h1>Lankly</h1>
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<hw>Lank"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lank manner.</def>

<h1>Lankness</h1>
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<hw>Lank"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being lank.</def>

<h1>Lanky</h1>
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<hw>Lank"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat lank.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>lanky</b> Dinka, nearly seven feet in height.
<i>The Century.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lanner, n. f. Lanneret</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lan"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. f.</tt> <hw>Lan"ner*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. m.</tt><hw> <ety>[F. <ets>lanier</ets>, OF. also, <ets>lasnier</ets>. Cf. <er>Lanyard</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A long-tailed falcon (<spn>Falco lanarius</spn>), of Southern Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa, resembling the American prairie falcon.</def>

<h1>Lanolin</h1>
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<hw>Lan"o*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lana</ets> wool + <ets>ole</ets>um oil.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A peculiar fatlike body, made up of cholesterin and certain fatty acids, found in feathers, hair, wool, and keratin tissues generally.</def>

<note>&hand; Under the same name, it is prepared from wool for commercial purposes, and forms an admirable basis for ointments, being readily absorbed by the skin.</note>

<hr>
<page="829">
Page 829<p>

<h1>Lanseh</h1>
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<hw>Lan"seh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The small, whitish brown fruit of an East Indian tree (<spn>Lansium domesticum</spn>). It has a fleshy pulp, with an agreeable subacid taste.</def>

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>Lansquenet</h1>
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<hw>Lans"que*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. G. <ets>landsknecht</ets> a foot soldier, also a game of cards introduced by these foot soldiers; <ets>land</ets> country + <ets>knecht</ets> boy, servant. See <er>Land</er>, and <er>Knight</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A German foot soldier in foreign service in the 15th and 16th centuries; a soldier of fortune; -- a term used in France and Western Europe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A game at cards, vulgarly called <altname>lambskinnet</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>[They play] their little game of <b>lansquenet</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lant</h1>
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<hw>Lant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Urine.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Lant</h1>
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<hw>Lant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Lance</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of small, slender, marine fishes of the genus <spn>Ammedytes</spn>. The common European species (<spn>A. tobianus</spn>) and the American species (<spn>A. Americanus</spn>) live on sandy shores, buried in the sand, and are caught in large quantities for bait. Called also <altname>launce</altname>, and <altname>sand eel</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lant</h1>
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<hw>Lant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lanterloo</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Lantanium, Lantanum</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lan*ta"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lan"ta*num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lanthanum</er>.</def>

<h1>Lantanuric</h1>
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<hw>Lan`ta*nu"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Formed by transposition of the letters of <ets>allantoin</ets> and <ets>-uric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous organic acid of the uric acid group, obtained by the decomposition of allantoin, and usually called <altname>allanturic acid</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lanterloo</h1>
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<hw>Lan"ter*loo`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An old name of <altname>loo</altname> <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Lantern</h1>
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<hw>Lan"tern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lanterne</ets>, L. <ets>lanterna</ets>, <ets>laterna</ets>, from Gr. <?/ light, torch. See <er>Lamp</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something inclosing a light, and protecting it from wind, rain, etc. ; -- sometimes portable, as a closed vessel or case of horn, perforated tin, glass, oiled paper, or other material, having a lamp or candle within; sometimes fixed, as the glazed inclosure of a street light, or of a lighthouse light.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An open structure of light material set upon a roof, to give light and air to the interior.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A cage or open chamber of rich architecture, open below into the building or tower which it crowns.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A smaller and secondary cupola crowning a larger one, for ornament, or to admit light; such as the lantern of the cupola of the Capitol at Washington, or that of the Florence cathedral.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A lantern pinion or trundle wheel. See <cref>Lantern pinion</cref> (below).</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>A kind of cage inserted in a stuffing box and surrounding a piston rod, to separate the packing into two parts and form a chamber between for the reception of steam, etc. ; -- called also <altname>lantern brass</altname>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A perforated barrel to form a core upon.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Aristotle's lantern</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; Fig. 1 represents a <i>hand lantern</i>; fig. 2, an <i>arm lantern</i>; fig. 3, a <i>breast lantern</i>; -- so named from the positions in which they are carried.</note>

<cs><col>Dark lantern</col>, <cd>a lantern with a single opening, which may be closed so as to conceal the light; -- called also <altname>bull's-eye</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Lantern fly</col>, <col>Lantern carrier</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of large, handsome, hemipterous insects of the genera <spn>Laternaria</spn>, <spn>Fulgora</spn>, and allies, of the family <spn>Fulgorid\'91</spn>. The largest species is <spn>Laternaria phosphorea</spn> of Brazil. The head of some species has been supposed to be phosphorescent.</cd> -- <col>Lantern jaws</col>, <cd>long, thin jaws; hence, a thin visage.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Lantern pinion</col>, <col>Lantern wheel</col></mcol> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of pinion or wheel having cylindrical bars or trundles, instead of teeth, inserted at their ends in two parallel disks or plates; -- so called as resembling a lantern in shape; -- called also <altname>wallower</altname>, or <altname>trundle</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Lantern shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any translucent, marine, bivalve shell of the genus <altname>Anatina</altname>, and allied genera.</cd> -- <col>Magic lantern</col>, <cd>an optical instrument consisting of a case inclosing a light, and having suitable lenses in a lateral tube, for throwing upon a screen, in a darkened room or the like, greatly magnified pictures from slides placed in the focus of the outer lens.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lantern</h1>
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<hw>Lan"tern</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lanterned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lanterning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lanterner</ets> to hang at the lamp post, fr. <ets>lanterne</ets>. See <er>Lantern</er>.]</ety> <def>To furnish with a lantern; <as>as, to <ex>lantern</ex> a lighthouse</as>.</def>

<h1>Lantern-jawed</h1>
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<hw>Lan"tern-jawed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having lantern jaws or long, thin jaws; <as>as, a <ex>lantern-jawed</ex> person</as>.</def>

<h1>Lanthanite</h1>
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<hw>Lan"tha*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Hydrous carbonate of lanthanum, found in tabular while crystals.</def>

<h1>Lanthanum</h1>
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<hw>Lan"tha*num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to lie hid, to be concealed.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare element of the group of the earth metals, allied to aluminium. It occurs in certain rare minerals, as cerite, gadolinite, orthite, etc., and was so named from the difficulty of separating it from cerium, didymium, and other rare elements with which it is usually associated. Atomic weight 138.5. Symbol La.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>lanthanium</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Lanthopine</h1>
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<hw>Lan"tho*pine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to lie hid + E. opium.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid found in opium in small quantities, and extracted as a white crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Lanthorn</h1>
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<hw>Lan"thorn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lantern</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lanuginose, Lanuginous</h1>
<Xpage=829>

<hw><hw>La*nu"gi*nose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>La*nu"gi*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lanuginosus</ets>, fr. <ets>lanugo</ets>, <ets>-ginis</ets>, woolly substance, down, fr. <ets>lana</ets> wool: cf. F. <ets>lanugineux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Covered with down, or fine soft hair; downy.</def>

<h1>Lanugo</h1>
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<hw>La*nu"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lanuginose</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The soft woolly hair which covers most parts of the mammal fetus, and in man is shed before or soon after birth.</def>

<h1>Lanyard</h1>
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<hw>Lan"yard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.<ets>lani\'8are</ets> thong, strap, OF. <ets>lasniere</ets>, fr. <ets>lasne</ets> strap, thong, L. <ets>lacinia</ets> lappet. flap, edge of a garment. Cf. <er>Lanier</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>laniard</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A short piece of rope or line for fastening something in ships; <as>as, the <ex>lanyards</ex> of the gun ports, of the buoy, and the like</as>; esp., pieces passing through the dead-eyes, and used to extend shrouds, stays, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A strong cord, about twelve feet long, with an iron hook at one end a handle at the other, used in firing cannon with a friction tube.</def>

<h1>Lanyer</h1>
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<hw>Lan"yer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lanier</er>.</def>

<h1>Laoco\'94n</h1>
<Xpage=829>

<hw>La*oc"o*\'94n</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A priest of Apollo, during the Trojan war. (See 2.)</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Sculp.)</fld> <def>A marble group in the Vatican at Rome, representing the priest Laoco\'94n, with his sons, infolded in the coils of two serpents, as described by Virgil.</def>

<h1>Laodicean</h1>
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<hw>La*od`i*ce"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to <i>Laodicea</i>, a city in Phrygia Major; like the Christians of Laodicea; lukewarm in religion.</def>

<i>Rev. iii. 14-16.</i>

<h1>Lap</h1>
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<hw>Lap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lappe</ets>, AS. <ets>l\'91ppa</ets>; akin to D. <ets>lap</ets> patch, piece, G. <ets>lappen</ets>, OHG. <ets>lappa</ets>, Dan. <ets>lap</ets>, Sw. <ets>lapp</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The loose part of a coat; the lower part of a garment that plays loosely; a skirt; an apron.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An edge; a border; a hem, as of cloth.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>If he cuts off but a <b>lap</b> of truth's garment, his heart smites him.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The part of the clothing that lies on the knees or thighs when one sits down; that part of the person thus covered; figuratively, a place of rearing and fostering; <as>as, to be reared in the <ex>lap</ex> of luxury</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Men expect that happiness should drop into their <b>laps</b>.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That part of any substance or fixture which extends over, or lies upon, or by the side of, a part of another; <as>as, the <ex>lap</ex> of a board</as>; also, the measure of such extension over or upon another thing.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>lap</i> of shingles or slates in roofing is the distance one course extends over the second course below, the distance over the course immediately below being called the <i>cover</i>.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>The amount by which a slide valve at its half stroke overlaps a port in the seat, being equal to the distance the valve must move from its mid stroke position in order to begin to open the port. Used alone, <i>lap</i> refers to outside lap. See <cref>Outside lap</cref> (below).</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The state or condition of being in part extended over or by the side of something else; or the extent of the overlapping; <as>as, the second boat got a <ex>lap</ex> of half its length on the leader</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>One circuit around a race track, esp. when the distance is a small fraction of a mile; <as>as, to run twenty <ex>laps</ex>; to win by three <ex>laps</ex>. See <er>Lap</er>, to fold, 2.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>In card playing and other games, the points won in excess of the number necessary to complete a game; -- so called when they are counted in the score of the following game.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Cotton Manuf.)</fld> <def>A sheet, layer, or bat, of cotton fiber prepared for the carding machine.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A piece of brass, lead, or other soft metal, used to hold a cutting or polishing powder in cutting glass, gems, and the like, or in polishing cutlery, etc. It is usually in the form of wheel or disk, which revolves on a vertical axis.</def>

<cs><col>Lap joint</col>, <cd>a joint made by one layer, part, or piece, overlapping another, as in the scarfing of timbers.</cd> -- <col>Lap weld</col>, <cd>a lap joint made by welding together overlapping edges or ends.</cd> -- <col>Inside lap</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>lap of the valve with respect to the exhaust port.</cd> -- <col>Outside lap</col>, <cd>lap with respect to the admission, or steam, port.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lap</h1>
<Xpage=829>

<hw>Lap</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lapped</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lapping</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rest or recline in a lap, or as in a lap.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>lap</b> his head on lady's breast.
<i>Praed.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cut or polish with a lap, as glass, gems, cutlery, etc. See 1st <er>Lap</er>, 10.</def>

<h1>Lap</h1>
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<hw>Lap</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lappen</ets> to fold (see <er>Lap</er>, <tt>n.</tt>); cf. also OE. <ets>wlappen</ets>, perh. another form of <ets>wrappen</ets>, E, <ets>wrap</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fold; to bend and lay over or on something; <as>as, to <ex>lap</ex> a piece of cloth</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wrap or wind around something.</def>

<blockquote>About the paper . . . I <b>lapped</b> several times a slender thread of very black silk.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To infold; to hold as in one's lap; to cherish.</def>

<blockquote>Her garment spreads, and <b>laps</b> him in the folds.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To lay or place over anything so as to partly or wholly cover it; <as>as, to <ex>lap</ex> one shingle over another; to lay together one partly over another; <as>as, to <ex>lap</ex> weather-boards</as></as>; also, to be partly over, or by the side of (something); <as>as, the hinder boat <ex>lapped</ex> the foremost one</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Carding & Spinning)</fld> <def>To lay together one over another, as fleeces or slivers for further working.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To lap boards</col>, <col>shingles</col>, etc.</mcol>, <cd>to lay one partly over another.</cd> -- <col>To lap timbers</col>, <cd>to unite them in such a way as to preserve the same breadth and depth throughout, as by scarfing.</cd>

<i>Weale.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Lap</h1>
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<hw>Lap</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be turned or folded; to lie partly upon or by the side of something, or of one another; <as>as, the cloth <ex>laps</ex> back; the boats <ex>lap</ex>; the edges <ex>lap</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The upper wings are opacous; at their hinder ends, where they <b>lap</b> over, transparent, like the wing of a flay.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lap</h1>
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<hw>Lap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lappen</ets>, <ets>lapen</ets>, AS. <ets>lapian</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>lappen</ets>, OHG. <ets>laffan</ets>, Icel. <ets>lepja</ets>, Dan. <ets>lade</ets>, Sw. <ets>l\'84ppja</ets>, L. <ets>lambere</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/, W. <ets>llepio</ets>. Cf. <er>Lambent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take up drink or food with the tongue; to drink or feed by licking up something.</def>

<blockquote>The dogs by the River Nilus's side, being thirsty, <b>lap</b> hastily as they run along the shore.
<i>Sir K. Digby.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a sound like that produced by taking up drink with the tongue.</def>

<blockquote>I heard the ripple washing in the reeds,
And the wild water <b>lapping</b> on the crag.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lap</h1>
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<hw>Lap</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To take into the mouth with the tongue; to lick up with a quick motion of the tongue.</def>

<blockquote>They 'II take suggestion as a cat <b>laps</b> milk.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lap</h1>
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<hw>Lap</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of lapping with, or as with, the tongue; <as>as, to take anything into the mouth with a <ex>lap</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sound of lapping.</def>

<h1>Laparocele</h1>
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<hw>Lap"a*ro*cele`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ loins + <?/ tumor.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A rupture or hernia in the lumbar regions.</def>

<h1>Laparotomy</h1>
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<hw>Lap`a*rot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ loins + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A cutting through the walls of the abdomen, as in the C\'91sarean section.</def>

<h1>Lapboard</h1>
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<hw>Lap"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A board used on the lap as a substitute for a table, as by tailors.</def>

<h1>Lapdog</h1>
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<hw>Lap"dog`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small dog fondled in the lap.</def>

<h1>Lapel</h1>
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<hw>La*pel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>lap</ets> a fold.]</ety> <def>That part of a garment which is turned back; specifically, the lap, or fold, of the front of a coat in continuation of collar.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lappel</asp> and <asp>lapelle</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Lapelled</h1>
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<hw>La*pelled"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with lapels.</def>

<h1>Lapful</h1>
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<hw>Lap"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lapfuls</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>As much as the lap can contain.</def>

<h1>Lapicide</h1>
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<hw>Lap"i*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lapicida</ets>, fr. <ets>lapis</ets> stone + <ets>caedere</ets> to cut.]</ety> <def>A stonecutter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lapidarian</h1>
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<hw>Lap`i*da"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to stone; inscribed on stone; <as>as, a <ex>lapidarian</ex> record</as>.</def>

<h1>Lapidarious</h1>
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<hw>Lap`i*da"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lapidarius</ets>, fr. <ets>lapis</ets>, <ets>-idis</ets>, stone.]</ety> <def>Consisting of stones.</def>

<h1>Lapidary</h1>
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<hw>Lap"i*da*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> ; <plu>pl. <plw>Lapidaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>lapidarius</ets>, fr. <ets>lapidarius</ets> pertaining to stone: cf. F. <ets>lapidaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An artificer who cuts, polishes, and engraves precious stones; hence, a dealer in precious stones.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A virtuoso skilled in gems or precious stones; a connoisseur of lapidary work.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Lapidary's lathe</col>, <col>mill</col>, <col>or wheel</col></mcol>, <cd>a machine consisting essentially of a revolving lap on a vertical spindle, used by a lapidary for grinding and polishing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lapidary</h1>
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<hw>Lap"i*da*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lapidarius</ets> pertaining to stone: cf. F. <ets>lapidaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the art of cutting stones, or engraving on stones, either gems or monuments; <as>as, <ex>lapidary</ex> ornamentation</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to monumental inscriptions; <as>as, <ex>lapidary</ex> adulation</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Lapidary style</col>, <cd>that style which is proper for monumental and other inscriptions; terse; sententious.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lapidate</h1>
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<hw>Lap"i*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>lapidatus</ets>, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>p</ets>. of <ets>lapidare</ets>, fr. <ets>lapis</ets> stone.]</ety> <def>To stone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lapidation</h1>
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<hw>Lap`i*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lapidatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lapidation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of stoning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Lapideous</h1>
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<hw>La*pid"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lapideus</ets>, fr. <ets>lapis</ets> stone.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of stone;</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Lapidescence</h1>
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<hw>Lap`i*des"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being lapidescent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hardening into a stone substance.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A stony concretion.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Lapidescent</h1>
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<hw>Lap`i*des"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lapidescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>lapidescere</ets> to become stone, fr. <ets>lapis</ets>, <ets>-idis</ets>, stone: cf. F. <ets>lapidescent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Undergoing the process of becoming stone; having the capacity of being converted into stone; having the quality of petrifying bodies.</def>

<h1>Lapidescent</h1>
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<hw>Lap"i*des"cent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any substance which has the quality of petrifying other bodies, or of converting or being converted into stone.</def>

<h1>Lapidific, Lapidifical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lap`i*dif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lap`i*dif"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lapis</ets>, <ets>-idis</ets>, stone + <ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F. <ets>lapidifique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Forming or converting into stone.</def>

<h1>Lapidification</h1>
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<hw>La*pid`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lapidification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of lapidifying; fossilization; petrifaction.</def>

<h1>Lapidify</h1>
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<hw>La*pid"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lapidified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lapidifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. f. <ets>lapidifier</ets>. See <er>Lapidific</er>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>To convert into stone or stony material; to petrify.</def>

<h1>Lapidify</h1>
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<hw>La*pid"i*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become stone or stony</def>

<h1>Lapidist</h1>
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<hw>Lap"i*dist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lapis</ets>, <ets>-idis</ets>, a stone.]</ety> <def>A lapidary.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Lapillation</h1>
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<hw>Lap"il*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[See <er>Lapilli</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being, or the act of making, stony.</def>

<h1>Lapilli</h1>
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<hw>La*pil"li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lapillus</ets> a little stone, dim. of <ets>lapis</ets> stone.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Volcanic ashes, consisting of small, angular, stony fragments or particles.</def>

<h1>Lapis</h1>
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<hw>La"pis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lapides</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A stone.</def>

<cs><col>Lapis calaminaris</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Calamine.</cd> -- <col>Lapis infernalis</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <cd>Fused nitrate of silver; lunar caustic.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lapis lazuli</h1>
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<hw>La"pis laz"u*li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An albuminous mineral of a rich blue color. Same as <er>Lazuli</er>, which see.</def><-- lapis, for short -->

<h1>Lap-jointed</h1>
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<hw>Lap"-joint`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Having a lap joint, or lap joints, as many kinds of woodwork and metal work.</def>

<h1>Laplander</h1>
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<hw>Lap"land*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Lapland; -- called also <altname>Lapp</altname>.</def>

<h1>Laplandish</h1>
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<hw>Lap"land*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Lapland.</def>

<h1>Lapling</h1>
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<hw>Lap"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lap</ets> of a garment + <ets>ling</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who has been fondled to excess; one fond of ease and sensual delights; -- a term of contempt.</def>

<h1>Lapp</h1>
<Xpage=829>

<hw>Lapp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Laplander</er>. Cf. <er>Lapps</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="830">
Page 830<p>

<h1>Lappaceous</h1>
<Xpage=830>

<hw>Lap*pa"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lappaceus</ets> burlike, fr. <ets>lappa</ets> a bur.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resembling the capitulum of burdock; covered with forked points.</def>

<h1>Lapper</h1>
<Xpage=830>

<hw>Lap"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>La</er>p to drink.]</ety> <def>One who takes up food or liquid with his tongue.</def>

<h1>Lappet</h1>
<Xpage=830>

<hw>Lap"pet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>lap</ets> a fold.]</ety> <def>A small decorative fold or flap, esp, of lace or muslin, in a garment or headdress.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<cs><col>Lappet moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of bombycid moths, which have stout, hairy caterpillars, flat beneath. Two common American species (<spn>Gastropacha Americana</spn>, and <spn>Tolype velleda</spn>) feed upon the apple tree.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lappet</h1>
<Xpage=830>

<hw>Lap"pet</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lappeted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lappeting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To decorate with, or as with, a lappet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Landor.</i>

<h1>Lappic</h1>
<Xpage=830>

<hw>Lap"pic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Lapland, or the Lapps.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The language of the Lapps. See <er>Lappish</er>.</def></def2>

<h1>Lapping</h1>
<Xpage=830>

<hw>Lap"ping</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of machine blanket or wrapping material used by calico printers.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Lapping engine</col>, <col>Lapping machine</col></mcol> <fld>(Textile Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>A machine for forming fiber info a lap. See its <er>Lap</er>, 9.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lappish</h1>
<Xpage=830>

<hw>Lap"pish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Lapps; Laplandish.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The language spoken by the Lapps in Lapland. It is related to the Finnish and Hungarian, and is not an Aryan language.</def></def2>

<h1>Lapponian, Lapponic</h1>
<Xpage=830>

<hw><hw>Lap*po"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lap*pon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Laplandish; Lappish.</def>

<h1>Lapps</h1>
<Xpage=830>

<hw>Lapps</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing.  <singw>Lapp</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A branch of the Mongolian race, now living in the northern parts of Norway, Sweden, and the adjacent parts of Russia.</def>

<h1>Lapsable</h1>
<Xpage=830>

<hw>Laps"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lapsible.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Lapse</h1>
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<hw>Lapse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lapsus</ets>, fr. <ets>labi</ets>, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>p</ets>. <ets>lapsus</ets>, to slide, to fall: cf. F. <ets>laps</ets>. See <er>Sleep</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A gliding, slipping, or gradual falling; an unobserved or imperceptible progress or passing away,; -- restricted usually to immaterial things, or to figurative uses.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>lapse</b> to indolence is soft and imperceptible.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Bacon was content to wait the <b>lapse</b> of long centuries for his expected revenue of fame.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A slip; an error; a fault; a failing in duty; a slight deviation from truth or rectitude.</def>

<blockquote>To guard against those <b>lapses</b> and failings to which our infirmities daily expose us.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The termination of a right or privilege through neglect to exercise it within the limited time, or through failure of some contingency; hence, the devolution of a right or privilege.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>A fall or apostasy.</def>

<h1>Lapse</h1>
<Xpage=830>

<hw>Lapse</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lapsed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lapsing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pass slowly and smoothly downward, backward, or away; to slip downward, backward, or away; to glide; -- mostly restricted to figurative uses.

<blockquote>A tendency to <b>lapse</b> into the barbarity of those northern nations from whom we are descended.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Homer, in his characters of Vulcan and Thersites, has <b>lapsed</b> into the burlesque character.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To slide or slip in moral conduct; to fail in duty; to fall from virtue; to deviate from rectitude; to commit a fault by inadvertence or mistake.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>lapse</b> in fullness
Is sorer than to lie for need.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To fall or pass from one proprietor to another, or from the original destination, by the omission, negligence, or failure of some one, as a patron, a legatee, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To become ineffectual or void; to fall.</def>

<blockquote>If the archbishop shall not fill it up within six months ensuing, it <b>lapses</b> to the king.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lapse</h1>
<Xpage=830>

<hw>Lapse</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To let slip; to permit to devolve on another; to allow to pass.</def>

<blockquote>An appeal may be deserted by the appellant's <b>lapsing</b> the term of law.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To surprise in a fault or error; hence, to surprise or catch, as an offender.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For which, if be <b>lapsed</b> in this place,
I shall pay dear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lapsed</h1>
<Xpage=830>

<hw>Lapsed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having slipped downward, backward, or away; having lost position, privilege, etc., by neglect; -- restricted to figurative uses.</def>

<blockquote>Once more I will renew
His <b>lapsed</b> powers, though forfeit.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ineffectual, void, or forfeited; <as>as, a <ex>lapsed</ex> policy of insurance; a <ex>lapsed</ex> legacy.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Lapsed devise</col>, <col>Lapsed legacy</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a devise, or legacy, which fails to take effect in consequence of the death of the devisee, or legatee, before that of the testator, or for ether cause.</cd></cs>

<i>Wharton (Law Dict.). </i>

<h1>Lapsible</h1>
<Xpage=830>

<hw>Laps"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Liable to lapse.</def>

<h1>Lapsided</h1>
<Xpage=830>

<hw>Lap"sid`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Lopsided</er>.</def>

<h1>Lapstone</h1>
<Xpage=830>

<hw>Lap"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stone for the lap, on which shoemakers beat leather.</def>

<h1>Lapstreak, Lapstrake</h1>
<Xpage=830>

<hw><hw>Lap"streak`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lap"strake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made with boards whose edges lap one over another; clinker-built; -- said of boats.</def>

<h1>Laputan</h1>
<Xpage=830>

<hw>La*pu"tan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Laputa, an imaginary flying island described in <i>Gulliver's Travels</i> as the home of chimerical philosophers. Hence, fanciful; preposterous; absurd in science or philosophy.</def> "<i>Laputan</i> ideas."

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Lap-welded</h1>
<Xpage=830>

<hw>Lap"-weld`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <def>Having edges or ends united by a lap weld; <as>as, a <ex>lap-welded</ex> pipe</as>.</def>

<h1>Lapwing</h1>
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<hw>Lap"wing`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.<ets>lapwynke</ets>, <ets>leepwynke</ets>, AS. <ets>hle\'a0pewince</ets>; <ets>hle\'a0pan</ets> to leap, jump + (prob.) a word akin to AS. <ets>wincian</ets> to wink, E. <ets>wink</ets>, AS. <ets>wancol</ets> wavering; cf. G. <ets>wanken</ets> to stagger, waver. See <er>Leap</er>, and <er>Wink</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European bird of the Plover family (<spn>Vanellus cristatus</spn>, or <spn>V. vanellus</spn>). It has long and broad wings, and is noted for its rapid, irregular fight, upwards, downwards, and in circles. Its back is coppery or greenish bronze. Its eggs are the "plover's eggs" of the London market, esteemed a delicacy. It is called also <altname>peewit</altname>, <altname>dastard plover</altname>, and <altname>wype</altname>. The <stype>gray lapwing</stype> is the <spn>Squatarola cinerea</spn>.</def>

<h1>Lapwork</h1>
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<hw>Lap"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Work in which one part laps over another.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Laguay</h1>
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<hw>Lag"uay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lackey.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Laquear</h1>
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<hw>La"que*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Laquearia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A lacunar.</def>

<h1>Laqueary</h1>
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<hw>Laq"ue*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>laqueus</ets> a noose.]</ety> <def>Using a noose, as a gladiator.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Retiary and <b>laqueary</b> combatants.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lar</h1>
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<hw>Lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lares</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, sometimes <plw>Lars</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>A tutelary deity; a deceased ancestor regarded as a protector of the family. The domestic Lares were the tutelar deities of a house; household gods. Hence, Eng.: Hearth or dwelling house.</def>

<blockquote>Nor will she her dear <b>Lar</b> forget,
Victorious by his benefit.
<i>Lovelace.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>Lars</b> and Lemures moan with midnight plaint.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Looking backward in vain toward their <b>Lares</b> and lands.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lar</h1>
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<hw>Lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of gibbon (<spn>Hylobates lar</spn>), found in Burmah. Called also <altname>white-handed gibbon</altname>.</def>

<h1>Laramie group</h1>
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<hw>Lar"a*mie group`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An extensive series of strata, principally developed in the Rocky Mountain region, as in the <i>Laramie</i> Mountains, and formerly supposed to be of the Tertiary age, but now generally regarded as Cretaceous, or of intermediate and transitional character. It contains beds of lignite, often valuable for coal, and is hence also called the <altname>lignitic group</altname>. See <i>Chart</i> of <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Larboard</h1>
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<hw>Lar"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lar-</ets> is of uncertain origin, possibly the same as <ets>lower</ets>, i. e., humbler in rank, because the starboard side is considered by mariners as higher in rank; cf. D. <ets>laag</ets> low, akin to E. <ets>low</ets>. See <er>Board</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <ets>8</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The left-hand side of a ship to one on board facing toward the bow; port; -- opposed to <ant>starboard</ant>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Larboard</i> is a nearly obsolete term, having been superseded by <i>port</i> to avoid liability of confusion with <i>starboard</i>, owing to similarity of sound.</note>

<h1>Larboard</h1>
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<hw>Lar"board`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>On or pertaining to the left-hand side of a vessel; port; <as>as, the <ex>larboard</ex> quarter</as>.</def>

<h1>Larcener, Larcenist</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lar"ce*ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lar"ce*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who commits larceny.</def>

<h1>Larcenous</h1>
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<hw>Lar"ce*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>larrecinos</ets>. See <er>Larceny</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the character of larceny; <as>as, a <ex>larcenous</ex> act</as>; committing larceny.</def> "The <ex>larcenous</ex> and burglarious world." <i>Sydney Smith</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Lar"ce*nous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Larceny</h1>
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<hw>Lar"ce*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Larcenies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>larcin</ets>, OE. <ets>larrecin</ets>, L. <ets>latrocinium</ets>, fr. <ets>latro</ets> robber, mercenary, hired servant; cf. Gr. (<?/) hired servant. Cf. <er>Latrociny</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The unlawful taking and carrying away of things personal with intent to deprive the right owner of the same; theft. Cf. <er>Embezzlement</er>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Grand larceny</col> &and; <col>Petit larceny are</col></mcol> <cd>distinctions having reference to the nature or value of the property stolen. They are abolished in England.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Mixed</col>, &or;  <col>Compound, larceny</col></mcol>, <cd>that which, under statute, includes in it the aggravation of a taking from a building or the person.</cd> -- <col>Simple larceny</col>, <cd>that which is not accompanied with any aggravating circumstances.</cd></cs>

<h1>Larch</h1>
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<hw>Larch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>larege</ets> (Cotgrave), It.<ets>larice</ets>, Sp. <ets>larice</ets>, <ets>alerce</ets>, <ets>G</ets>. <ets>l\'84rche</ets>; all fr. L. <ets>larix</ets>, -<ets>icis</ets>, Gr. (<?/).]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of coniferous trees, having deciduous leaves, in fascicles (see <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Fascicle</er>).</def> <note>The European larch is <spn>Larix Europ\'91a</spn>. The American or black larch is <spn>L. Americana</spn>, the hackmatack or tamarack. The trees are generally of a drooping, graceful appearance.</note>

<h1>Larchen</h1>
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<hw>Larch"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the larch.</def>

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Lard</h1>
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<hw>Lard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., bacon, pig's fat, L. <ets>lardum</ets>, <ets>laridum</ets>; cf. Gr. (<?/) fattened, fat.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bacon; the flesh of swine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fat of swine, esp. the internal fat of the abdomen; also, this fat melted and strained.</def>

<cs><col>Lard oil</col>, <cd>an illuminating and lubricating oil expressed from lard.</cd> -- <col>Leaf lard</col>, <cd>the internal fat of the hog, separated in leaves or masses from the kidneys, etc.; also, the same melted.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lard</h1>
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<hw>Lard</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Larded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Larding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>larder</ets>. See <er>Lard</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stuff with bacon; to dress or enrich with lard; esp., to insert lardons of bacon or pork in the surface of, before roasting; <as>as, to <ex>lard</ex> poultry</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>larded</b> thighs on loaded altars laid.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fatten; to enrich.</def>

<blockquote>[The oak] with his nuts <b>larded</b> many a swine.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Falstaff sweats to death.
And <b>lards</b> the lean earth as he walks along.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To smear with lard or fat.</def>

<blockquote>In his buff doublet <b>larded</b> o'er with fat
Of slaughtered brutes.
<i>Somerville.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To mix or garnish with something, as by way of improvement; to interlard.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Let no alien Sedley interpose
To <b>lard</b> with wit thy hungry Epsom prose.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lard</h1>
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<hw>Lard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow fat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lardacein</h1>
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<hw>Lar`da*ce"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lardaceous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A peculiar amyloid substance, colored blue by iodine and sulphuric acid, occurring mainly as an abnormal infiltration into the spleen, liver, etc.</def>

<h1>Lardaceous</h1>
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<hw>Lar*da"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lardac\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of, or resembling, lard.</def>

<cs><cd>Lardaceous degeneration</cd> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>amyloid degeneration.</cd></cs>

<h1>Larder</h1>
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<hw>Lard"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>lardier</ets>. See <er>Lard</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A room or place where meat and other articles of food are kept before they are cooked.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Larderer</h1>
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<hw>Lard"er*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One in charge of the larder.</def>

<h1>Lardery</h1>
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<hw>Lard"er*y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>larderie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A larder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lardon, Lardoon</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lar"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lar*doon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lardon</ets>, fr. <ets>lard</ets> lard.]</ety> <def>A bit of fat pork or bacon used in larding.</def>

<h1>Lardry</h1>
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<hw>Lard"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lardery</er>.]</ety> <def>A larder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lardy</h1>
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<hw>Lard"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing, or resembling, lard; of the character or consistency of lard.</def>

<h1>Lare</h1>
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<hw>Lare</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lore</er>.]</ety> <def>Lore; learning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lare</h1>
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<hw>Lare</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pasture; feed. See <er>Lair</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Lare</h1>
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<hw>Lare</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To feed; to fatten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl. </i>

<h1>Lares</h1>
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<hw>La"res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See 1st <er>Lar</er>.</def>

<h1>Large</h1>
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<hw>Large</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Larger</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Largest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>largus</ets>. Cf. <er>Largo</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exceeding most other things of like in bulk, capacity, quantity, superficial dimensions, or number of constituent units; big; great; capacious; extensive; -- opposed to <i>small</i>; <as>as, a n<ex>large</ex> horse; a <ex>large</ex> house or room; a <ex>large</ex> lake or pool; a <ex>large</ex> jug or spoon; a <ex>large</ex> vineyard; a <ex>large</ex> army; a <ex>large</ex> city.</as></def>

<note>&hand; For linear dimensions, and mere extent, <i>great</i>, and not <i>large</i>, is used as a qualifying word; as, <i>great</i> length, breadth, depth; a <i>great</i> distance; a <i>great</i> height.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Abundant; ample; <as>as, a <ex>large</ex> supply of provisions</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We hare yet <b>large</b> day.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Full in statement; diffuse; full; profuse.</def>

<blockquote>I might be very <b>large</b> upon the importance and advantages of education.
<i> Felton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Having more than usual power or capacity; having broad sympathies and generous impulses; comprehensive; -- said of the mind and heart.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Free; unembarrassed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Of burdens all he set the Paynims <b>large</b>.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Unrestrained by decorum; -- said of language.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Some <i>large</i> jests he will make."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Prodigal in expending; lavish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Crossing the line of a ship's course in a favorable direction; -- said of the wind when it is abeam, or between the beam and the quarter.</def>

<cs><col>At large</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Without restraint or confinement; as, to go <i>at large<i>; to be left <i>at large<i>. <sd>(b)</sd> Diffusely; fully; in the full extent; <as>as, to discourse on a subject <ex>at large<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>Common at large</col>. <cd>See under <er>Common</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <mcol><col>Electors at large</col>, <col>Representative at large</col>, <cd>electors, or a representative, as in Congress, chosen to represent the whole of a State, in distinction from those chosen to represent particular districts in a State.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>To give, go, run, &or; sail large</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to have the wind crossing the direction of a vessel's course in such a way that the sails feel its full force, and the vessel gains its highest speed. See <er>Large</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 8.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Big; bulky; huge; capacious; comprehensive; ample; abundant; plentiful; populous; copious; diffusive; liberal.</syn>

<h1>Large</h1>
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<hw>Large</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Freely; licentiously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Large</h1>
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<hw>Large</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A musical note, formerly in use, equal to two longs, four breves, or eight semibreves.</def>

<h1>Large-acred</h1>
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<hw>Large"-a`cred</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Possessing much land.</def>

<h1>Large-handed</h1>
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<hw>Large"-hand`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having large hands, Fig.: Taking, or giving, in large quantities; rapacious or bountiful.</def>

<h1>Large-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Large"-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a large or generous heart or disposition; noble; liberal.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Large"-heart`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Largely</h1>
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<hw>Large"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a large manner.</def>

<i>Dryden. Milton.</i>

<h1>Largeness</h1>
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<hw>Large"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being large.</def>

<h1>Largess, Largesse</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lar"gess</hw>, <hw>Lar"gesse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>largesse</ets>, fr. <ets>large</ets>. See <er>Large</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Liberality; generosity; bounty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Fulfilled of <b>largesse</b> and of all grace.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A present; a gift; a bounty bestowed.</def>

<blockquote>The heralds finished their proclamation with their usual cry of "Largesse, largesse, gallant knights!" and gold and silver pieces were showered on them from the galleries.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Larget</h1>
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<hw>Lar"get</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>larget</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sport piece of bar iron for rolling into a sheet; a small billet.</def>

<h1>Larghetto</h1>
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<hw>Lar*ghet"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[It., dim. of <ets>largo</ets> largo.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Somewhat slow or slowly, but not so slowly as <i>largo</i>, and rather more so than <i>andante</i>.</def>

<h1>Largifical</h1>
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<hw>Lar*gif"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>largificus</ets>; <ets>largus</ets> large + <ets>facere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Generous; ample; liberal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Largifluous</h1>
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<hw>Lar*gif"lu*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>largifiuus</ets>; <ets>large</ets> abundantly + <ets>fluere</ets> to flow.]</ety> <def>Flowing copiously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Largiloquent</h1>
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<hw>Lar*gil"o*quent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>largiloquus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Grandiloquent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Largish</h1>
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<hw>Lar"gish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat large.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Largition</h1>
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<hw>Lar*gi"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[L. <ets>largitio</ets>, fr. <ets>largiri</ets>, p. p. <ets>largitus</ets>, to give bountifully.]</ety> <def>The bestowment of a largess or gift.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Largo</h1>
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<hw>Lar"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[It., large, L. <ets>largus</ets>, See <er>Large</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Slow or slowly; -- more so than <i>adagio</i>; next in slowness to <i>grave</i>, which is also weighty and solemn.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A movement or piece in <i>largo</i> time.</def></def2>

<h1>Lariat</h1>
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<hw>Lar"i*at</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>la reata</ets> the rope; <ets>la</ets> the + <ets>reata</ets> rope. Cf. <er>Reata</er>.]</ety> <def>A long, slender rope made of hemp or strips of hide, esp. one with a noose; -- used as a lasso for catching cattle, horses, etc., and for picketing a horse so that he can graze without wandering. <mark>[Mexico & Western U.S.]</mark> </def>

<hr>
<page="831">
Page 831<p>

<h1>Lariat</h1>
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<hw>Lar"i*at</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lariated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lariating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To secure with a lariat fastened to a stake, as a horse or mule for grazing; also, to lasso or catch with a lariat.</def> <mark>[Western U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Larine</h1>
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<hw>La"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Gull family <fld>(Larid\'91)</fld>.</def>

<h1>Larixinic</h1>
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<hw>Lar`ix*in"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, or derived from, the larch (<spn>Larix</spn>); <as>as, <ex>larixinic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Lark</h1>
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<hw>Lark</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh fr. AS. <ets>l\'bec</ets> play, sport. Cf. <er>Lake</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>A frolic; a jolly time.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Lark</h1>
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<hw>Lark</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Larked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Larking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To sport; to frolic.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Lark</h1>
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<hw>Lark</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>larke</ets>, <ets>laverock</ets>, AS. <ets>l\'bewerce</ets>; akin to D. <ets>leeuwerik</ets>, LG. <ets>lewerke</ets>, OHG. <ets>l<?/rahha</ets>, G. <ets>lerche</ets>, Sw. <ets>l\'84rka</ets>, Dan. <ets>lerke</ets>, Icel. <ets>l\'91virki</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one numerous species of singing birds of the genus <spn>Alauda</spn> and allied genera (family <spn>Alaudid\'91</spn>). They mostly belong to Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa. In America they are represented by the shore larks, or horned by the shore larks, or horned larks, of the genus <spn>Otocoris</spn>. The true larks have holaspidean tarsi, very long hind claws, and usually, dull, sandy brown colors.</def>

<note>&hand; The European skylark, or lark of the poets (<spn>Alauda arvensis</spn>), is of a brown mottled color, and is noted for its clear and sweet song, uttered as it rises and descends almost perpendicularly in the air. It is considered a table delicacy, and immense numbers are killed for the markets. Other well-known European species are the crested, or tufted, lark (<spn>Alauda cristata</spn>), and the wood lark (<spn>A. arborea</spn>).  The pipits, or titlarks, of the genus <spn>Anthus</spn> (family <spn>Motacillid\'91</spn>) are often called larks. See <er>Pipit</er>. The American meadow larks, of the genus <spn>Sturnella</spn>, are allied to the starlings. See <er>Meadow Lark</er>. The Australian bush lark is <spn>Mirafra Horsfieldii</spn>. See <er>Shore lark</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Lark bunting</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fringilline bird (<spn>Calamospiza melanocorys</spn>) found on the plains of the Western United States.</cd> -- <col>Lark sparrow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a sparrow (<spn>Chondestes grammacus</spn>), found in the Mississippi Valley and the Western United States.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lark</h1>
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<hw>Lark</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To catch larks; <as>as, to go <ex>larking</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Lark-colored</h1>
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<hw>Lark"-col`ored</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the sandy brown color of the European larks.</def>

<h1>Larker</h1>
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<hw>Lark"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 3d <er>Lark</er>, for sense 1, and 1st <er>Lark</er>, for sense 2.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A catcher of larks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who indulges in a lark or frolic.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Lark's-heel</h1>
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<hw>Lark's"-heel`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Indian cress.</def>

<h1>Larkspur</h1>
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<hw>Lark"spur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of ranunculaceous plants (<spn>Delphinium</spn>), having showy flowers, and a spurred calyx. They are natives of the North Temperate zone. The commonest larkspur of the gardens is <spn>D. Consolida</spn>. The flower of the bee larkspur (<spn>D. elatum</spn>) has two petals bearded with yellow hairs, and looks not unlike a bee.</def>

<h1>Larmier</h1>
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<hw>Lar"mi*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>larme</ets> tear, drop, L. <ets>lacrima</ets>. See <er>Lachrymose</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Tearpit</er>.</def>

<h1>Laroid</h1>
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<hw>La"roid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Larus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or belonging to the Gull family (<spn>Larid\'91</spn>).</def>

<h1>Larrup</h1>
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<hw>Lar"rup</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Larruped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Larruping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Perh, a corrupt. of <ets>lee rope</ets>, used by sailors in beating the boys; but cf. D. <ets>larpen</ets> to thresh, <ets>larp</ets> a whip, blow.]</ety> <def>To beat or flog soundly.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<i>Forby.</i>

<h1>Larry</h1>
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<hw>Lar"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Lorry</er>, or <er>Lorrie</er>.</def>

<h1>Larum</h1>
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<hw>Lar"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, See <er>Alarum</er>, and <er>Alarm</er>.</def>

<h1>Larva</h1>
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<hw>Lar"va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Larv\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Larvas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>larva</ets> ghost, specter, mask.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any young insect from the time that it hatches from the egg until it becomes a pupa, or chrysalis. During this time it usually molts several times, and may change its form or color each time. The larv\'91 of many insects are much like the adults in form and habits, but have no trace of wings, the rudimentary wings appearing only in the pupa stage. In other groups of insects the larv\'91 are totally unlike the parents in structure and habits, and are called <stype>caterpillars</stype>, <stype>grubs</stype>, <stype>maggots</stype>, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The early, immature form of any animal when more or less of a metamorphosis takes place, before the assumption of the mature shape.</def>

<h1>Larval</h1>
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<hw>Lar"val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>larvalis</ets> ghostly. See <er>Larva</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a larva.</def>

<h1>Larvalia</h1>
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<hw>Lar*va"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Larval</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Tunicata, including Appendicularia, and allied genera; -- so called because certain larval features are retained by them through life. Called also <altname>Copelata</altname>. See <er>Appendicularia</er>.</def>

<h1>Larvated</h1>
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<hw>Lar"va*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>larvatus</ets> bewitched. See <er>Larva</er>.]</ety> <def>Masked; clothed as with a mask.</def>

<h1>Larve</h1>
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<hw>Larve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.<plw>Larves</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A larva.</def>

<h1>Larviform</h1>
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<hw>Lar"vi*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Larva</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the form or structure of a larva.</def>

<h1>Larviparous</h1>
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<hw>Lar*vip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Larva</ets> + L. <ets>parete</ets> to bring forth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Depositing living larv\'91, instead of eggs; -- said of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Lary</h1>
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<hw>La"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lare</ets> sea gull, L. <ets>larus</ets> a sort of sea bird, Gr. (<?/).]</ety> <def>A guillemot; -- called also <altname>lavy</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Laryngeal</h1>
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<hw>Lar`yn*ge"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Larynx</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the larynx; adapted to operations on the larynx; <as>as, <ex>laryngeal</ex> forceps</as>.</def>

<h1>Laryngean</h1>
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<hw>Lar`yn*ge"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Laryngeal</er>.</def>

<h1>Larypgismus</h1>
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<hw>Lar`yp*gis"mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. (<?/) a croaking. See <er>Larynx</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A spasmodic state of the glottis, giving rise to contraction or closure of the opening.</def>

<h1>Laryngitis</h1>
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<hw>Lar`yn*gi"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Larynx</er>, and <er>-tis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the larynx.</def>

<h1>Laryngological</h1>
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<hw>La*ryn`go*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to laryngology.</def>

<h1>Laryngologist</h1>
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<hw>Lar`yn*gol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who applies himself to laryngology.</def>

<h1>Laryngology</h1>
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<hw>Lar`yn*gol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Larynx</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Systematized knowledge of the action and functions of the larynx; in pathology, the department which treats of the diseases of the larynx.</def>

<h1>Laryngophony</h1>
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<hw>Lar`yn*goph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Larynx</ets> + Gr. (<?/) voice.]</ety> <def>The sound of the voice as heard through a stethoscope when the latter is placed upon the larynx.</def>

<h1>Larungoscope</h1>
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<hw>La*run"go*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Larynx</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument, consisting of an arrangement of two mirrors, for reflecting light upon the larynx, and for examining its image.</def>

<h1>Laryngoscopic</h1>
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<hw>La*ryn`go*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the inspection of the larynx.</def>

<h1>Laryngoscopist</h1>
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<hw>Lar`yn*gos"co*pist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in laryngoscopy.</def>

<h1>Laryngoscopy</h1>
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<hw>Lar`yn*gos"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of using the laryngoscope; investigations made with the laryngoscope.</def>

<h1>Laryngotome</h1>
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<hw>La*ryn"go*tome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument for performing laryngotomy.</def>

<h1>Laryngotomy</h1>
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<hw>Lar`yn*got"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. (<?/); (<?/), (<?/), the larynx + (<?/) to cut: cf. F. <ets>laryngotomie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of cutting into the larynx, from the outside of the neck, for assisting respiration when obstructed, or for removing foreign bodies.</def>

<h1>Laryngotracheal</h1>
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<hw>La*ryn`go*tra"che*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Larynx</ets> + <ets>tracheal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to both larynx and trachea; <as>as, the <ex>laryngotracheal</ex> cartilage in the frog</as>.</def>

<h1>Laryngotracheotomy</h1>
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<hw>La*ryn`go*tra`che*ot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Larynx</ets> + <ets>tracheotomy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of cutting into the larynx and the upper part of the trachea, -- a frequent operation for obstruction to breathing.</def>

<h1>Larynx</h1>
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<hw>Lar"ynx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<?/L, from Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The expanded upper end of the windpipe or trachea, connected with the hyoid bone or cartilage. It contains the vocal cords, which produce the voice by their vibrations, when they are stretched and a current of air passes between them. The larynx is connected with the pharynx by an opening, the glottis, which, in mammals, is protected by a lidlike epiglottis.</def>

<note>&hand; In the framework of the human larynx, the thyroid cartilage, attached to the hyoid bone, makes the protuberance on the front of the neck known as <i>Adam's apple</i>, and is articulated below to the ringlike cricoid cartilage. This is narrow in front and high behind, where, within the thyroid, it is surmounted by the two arytenoid cartilages, from which the vocal cords pass forward to be attached together to the front of the thyroid. See <er>Syrinx</er>.</note>

<h1>Las</h1>
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<hw>Las</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lace. See <er>Lace</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Las</h1>
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<hw>Las</hw>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Less.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lascar</h1>
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<hw>Las"car</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. & Hind. <ets>lashkar</ets> an army, an inferior artillery man, a cooly, a native sailor.]</ety> <def>A native sailor, employed in European vessels; also, a menial employed about arsenals, camps, camps, etc.; a camp follower.</def> <mark>[East Indies]</mark>

<h1>Lascious</h1>
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<hw>Las"ci*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Loose; lascivious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To depaint <i>lascious</i> wantonness."

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Lasciviency</h1>
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<hw>Las*civ"i*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lascivient</er>.]</ety> <def>Lasciviousness; wantonness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lascivient</h1>
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<hw>Las*civ"i*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lasciviens</ets>, pr. of <ets>lascivire</ets> to be wanton, fr. <ets>lascivus</ets>. See <er>Lascivious</er>.]</ety> <def>Lascivious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Lascivious</h1>
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<hw>Las*civ"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lascivia</ets> wantonness, fr. <ets>lascivus</ets> wanton; cf. Gr. (<?/) lecherous, (<?/) to wish, Skr. <ets>lash</ets> to desire.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanton; lewd; lustful; <as>as, <ex>lascivious</ex> men; <ex>lascivious</ex> desires.</as></def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tending to produce voluptuous or lewd emotions.</def>

<blockquote>He capers nimbly in a lady's chamber
To the <b>lascivious</b> pleasing of a lute.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Las*civ"i*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Las*civ"i*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Laserwort</h1>
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<hw>La"ser*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>laser</ets> the juice of the laserwort.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the umbelliferous genus <spn>Laserpitium</spn>, of several species (as <spn>L. glabrum</spn>, and <spn>L. siler</spn>), the root of which yields a resinous substance of a bitter taste. The genus is mostly European.</def>

<h1>Lash</h1>
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<hw>Lash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lasche</ets>; cf. D. <ets>lasch</ets> piece set in, joint, seam, G. <ets>lashe</ets> latchet, a bit of leather, gusset, stripe, <ets>laschen</ets> to furnish with flaps, to lash or slap, Icel. <ets>laski</ets> gusset, flap, <ets>laska</ets> to break.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The thong or braided cord of a whip, with which the blow is given.</def>

<blockquote>I observed that your whip wanted a <b>lash</b> to it.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A leash in which an animal is caught or held; hence, a snare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A stroke with a whip, or anything pliant and tough; <as>as, the culprit received thirty-nine <ex>lashes</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A stroke of satire or sarcasm; an expression or retort that cuts or gives pain; a cut.</def>

<blockquote>The moral is a <b>lash</b> at the vanity of arrogating that to ourselves which succeeds well.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A hair growing from the edge of the eyelid; an eyelash.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>In carpet weaving, a group of strings for lifting simultaneously certain yarns, to form the figure.</def>

<h1>Lash</h1>
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<hw>Lash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lashed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lashng</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike with a lash ; to whip or scourge with a lash, or with something like one.</def>

<blockquote>We <b>lash</b> the pupil, and defraud the ward.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strike forcibly and quickly, as with a lash; to beat, or beat upon, with a motion like that of a lash; <as>as, a whale <ex>lashes</ex> the sea with his tail</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And big waves <b>lash</b> the frighted shores.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To throw out with a jerk or quickly.</def>

<blockquote>He falls, and <b>lashing</b> up his heels, his rider throws.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To scold; to berate; to satirize; to censure with severity; <as>as, to <ex>lash</ex> vice</as>.</def>

<h1>Lash</h1>
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<hw>Lash</hw><def>,. <tt>v. i.</tt> To ply the whip; to strike; to uttercensure or sarcastic language.</def>

<blockquote>To laugh at follies, or to <b>lash</b> at vice.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To lash out</col>, <cd>to strike out wildly or furiously.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lash</h1>
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<hw>Lash</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>lasschen</ets> to fasten together, <ets>lasch</ets> piece, joint, Sw. <ets>laska</ets> to stitch, Dan. <ets>laske</ets> stitch. See <er>Lash</er>, <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety> <def>To bind with a rope, cord, thong, or chain, so as to fasten; <as>as, to <ex>lash</ex> something to a spar; to <ex>lash</ex> a pack on a horse's back.</as></def>

<h1>Lasher</h1>
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<hw>Lash"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who whips or lashes.</def>

<h1>Lasher</h1>
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<hw>Lash"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of rope for binding or making fast one thing to another; -- called also <altname>lashing</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A weir in a river.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Lashing</h1>
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<hw>Lash"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of one who, or that which, lashes; castigation; chastisement.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<cs><col>Lashing out</col>, <cd>a striking out; also, extravagance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lashing</h1>
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<hw>Lash"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 2d <er>Lasher</er>.</def>

<h1>Lask</h1>
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<hw>Lask</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A diarrhea or flux.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Lasket</h1>
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<hw>Las"ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Lash</er>, <er>Latching</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>latching.</def>

<h1>Lass</h1>
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<hw>Lass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lasse</ets>; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets>llodes</ets> girl, fem. of <ets>llawd</ets> lad. (<?/). See <er>Lad</er> a youth.]</ety> <def>A youth woman; a girl; a sweetheart.</def>

<h1>Lasse</h1>
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<hw>Lasse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Less.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lassie</h1>
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<hw>Las"sie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A young girl; a lass.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Lassitude</h1>
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<hw>Las"si*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lassitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>lassus</ets> faint, weary; akin to E. <ets>late</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lassitude</ets>. See <er>Late</er>.]</ety> <def>A condition of the body, or mind, when its voluntary functions are performed with difficulty, and only by a strong exertion of the will; languor; debility; weariness.</def>

<blockquote>The corporeal instruments of action being strained to a high pitch . . . will soon feel a <b>lassitude</b>.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lasslorn</h1>
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<hw>Lass"lorn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, a. <def>Forsaken by a lass.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Lasso</h1>
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<hw>Lass"o</hw> <tt>(l&acr;s"s&osl;)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lassos</plw> <tt>(-s&omac;z)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp. <ets>lazo</ets>, L. <ets>laqueus</ets>. See <er>Lace</er>.]</ety> <def>A rope or long thong of leather with, a running noose, used for catching horses, cattle, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Lasso cell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of a peculiar kind of defensive and offensive stinging cells, found in great numbers in all c\'d2lenterates, and in a few animals of other groups. They are most highly developed in the tentacles of jellyfishes, hydroids, and Actini\'91. Each of these cells is filled with, fluid, and contains a long, slender, often barbed, hollow thread coiled up within it. When the cell contracts the thread is quickly ejected, being at the same time turned inside out. The thread is able to penetrate the flesh of various small, soft-bodied animals, and carries a subtle poison by which they are speedily paralyzed and killed. The threads, at the same time, hold the prey in position, attached to the tentacles. Some of the jellyfishes, as the Portuguese man-of-war, and <spn>Cyanea</spn>, are able to penetrate the human skin, and inflict painful stings in the same way. Called also <altname>nettling cell</altname>, <altname>cnida</altname>, <altname>cnidocell</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lasso</h1>
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<hw>Las"so</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lassoed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lassoing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To catch with a lasso.</def>

<h1>Last</h1>
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<hw>Last</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>3d pers. sing. pres.</tt> <def>of <er>Last</er>, to endure, contracted from <i>lasteth</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Last</h1>
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<hw>Last</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>last</ets>, <ets>latst</ets>, contr. of <ets>latest</ets>, superl. of <ets>late</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>lezt</ets>, <ets>lazt</ets>, <ets>last</ets>, D. <ets>laatst</ets>, G. <ets>letzt.</ets> See <er>Late</er>, and cf. <er>Latest</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being after all the others, similarly classed or considered, in time, place, or order of succession; following all the rest; final; hindmost; farthest; <as>as, the <ex>last</ex> year of a century; the <ex>last</ex> man in a line of soldiers; the <ex>last</ex> page in a book; his last chance</as></def>.

<blockquote>Also day by day, from the first day unto the <b>last day</b>, <b>he read in the book of the law of God</b>.
<i>Neh. viii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fairest of stars, <b>last</b> in the train of night.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Next before the present; <as>as, I saw him <ex>last</ex> week</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Supreme; highest in degree; utmost.</def>

<blockquote>Contending for principles of the <b>last</b> importance.
<i>R. Hall</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Lowest in rank or degree; <as>as, the <ex>last</ex> prize</as>.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Farthest of all from a given quality, character, or condition; most unlikely; having least fitness; <as>as, he is the <ex>last</ex> person to be accused of theft</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="832">
Page 832<p>

<cs><col>At last</col>, <cd>at the end of a certain period; after delay. "The duke of Savoy felt that the time had <i>at last</i> arrived." <i>Motley</i>.</cd> -- <col>At the last</col>. <ety>[Prob. fr. AS. <ets>on l\'beste</ets> behind, following behind, fr. <ets>l\'best</ets> race, track, footstep. See <er>Last</er> mold of the foot.]</ety> <cd>At the end; in the conclusion. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Gad, a troop shall overcome him; but he shall overcome <i>at the last<i>." <i>Gen. xlix. 19</i>.</cd> -- <col>Last heir</col>, <cd>the person to whom lands escheat for want of an heir. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <i>Abbott</i>.</cd> -- <col>On one's last legs</col>, <cd>at, or near, the end of one's resources; hence, on the verge of failure or ruin, especially in a financial sense.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To breathe one's last</col></mcol>, <cd>to die.</cd> -- <col>To the last</col>, <cd>to the end; till the conclusion.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>And blunder on in business <b>to the last</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>At Last</er>, <er>At Length</er>.</syn> <usage> These phrases both denote that some delayed end or result has been reached. <i>At length</i> implies that a long period was spent in so doing; as, after a voyage of more than three months, we <i>at Length</i> arrived safe. <i>At last</i> commonly implies that something has occurred (as interruptions, disappointments, etc.) which leads us to emphasize the idea of having reached the end; as, in spite of every obstacle, we have <i>at last</i> arrived.</usage><-- "eventually" also suggests a (relatively) long interval, but does not specifically imply any interruptions -->

<h1>Last</h1>
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<hw>Last</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Last</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At a time or on an occasion which is the latest of all those spoken of or which have occurred; the last time; <as>as, I saw him <ex>last</ex> in New York</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In conclusion; finally.</def><-- = <er>lastly</er> -->

<blockquote>Pleased with his idol, he commends, admires,
Adores; and, <b>last</b>, the thing adored desires.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>At a time next preceding the present time.</def>

<blockquote>How long is't now since <b>last</b> yourself and I
Were in a mask ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Last</h1>
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<hw>Last</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lasted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lasting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>lasten</ets>, As. <ets>l\'91stan</ets> to perform, execute, follow, last, continue, fr. <ets>l\'best</ets>, <ets>l<?/st</ets>, trace, footstep, course; akin to G. <ets>leisten</ets> to perform, Goth. <ets>laistjan</ets> to follow. See <er>Last</er> mold of the foot.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To continue in time; to endure; to remain in existence.</def>

<blockquote>[I] proffered me to be slave in all that she me would ordain while my life <b>lasted</b>.
<i>Testament of Love.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To endure use, or continue in existence, without impairment or exhaustion; <as>as, this cloth <ex>lasts</ex> better than that; the fuel will <ex>last</ex> through the winter.</as></def>

<h1>Last</h1>
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<hw>Last</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>l\'best</ets>trace, track, footstep; akin to D. <ets>leest</ets> a last, G. <ets>leisten</ets>, Sw. <ets>l\'84st</ets>, Dan. <ets>l\'91st</ets>, <ets>Icel</ets>. <ets>leistr</ets> the foot below the ankle, Goth. <ets>laists</ets> track, way; from a root signifying, to go. Cf. <er>Last</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, <er>Learn</er>, <er>Delirium</er>.]</ety> <def>A wooden block shaped like the human foot, on which boots and shoes are formed.</def>

<blockquote>The cobbler is not to go beyond his <b>last</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Darning last</col>, <cd>a smooth, hard body, often egg-shaped, put into a stocking to preserve its shape in darning.</cd></cs>

<h1>Last</h1>
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<hw>Last</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shape with a last; to fasten or fit to a last; to place smoothly on a last; <as>as, to <ex>last</ex> a boot</as>.</def>

<h1>Last</h1>
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<hw>Last</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[As. <ets>hl\'91st</ets>, fr. <ets>hladan</ets> to lade; akin to OHG. <ets>hlast</ets>, G., D., Dan., & Sw. <ets>last</ets>: cf. F. <ets>laste</ets>, <ets>last</ets>, a last, of German or Dutch origin. See <er>Lade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A load; a heavy burden; hence, a certain weight or measure, generally estimated at 4,000 lbs., but varying for different articles and in different countries. In England, a <i>last</i> of codfish, white herrings, meal, or ashes, is twelve barrels; a <i>last</i> of corn, ten quarters, or eighty bushels, in some parts of England, twenty-one quarters; of gunpowder, twenty-four barrels, <i>each</i> containing 100 lbs; of red herrings, twenty cades, or 20,000; of hides, twelve dozen; of leather, twenty dickers; of pitch and tar, fourteen barrels; of wool, twelve sacks; of flax or feathers, 1,700 lbs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The burden of a ship; a cargo.</def>

<h1>Lastage</h1>
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<hw>Last"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[E. <ets>lestage</ets> ballasting, fr. <ets>lest</ets> ballast, or LL. <ets>lastagium</ets>, <ets>lestagium</ets>. See <er>Last</er> a load.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A duty exacted, in some fairs or markets, for the right to carry things where one will.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tax on wares sold by the last.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The lading of a ship; also, ballast.</def>

<i>Spelman.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Room for stowing goods, as in a ship.</def>

<h1>Laste</h1>
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<hw>Last"e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs. imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Last</er>, to endure.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Laster</h1>
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<hw>Last"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A workman whose business it is to shape boots or shoes, or place leather smoothly, on lasts; a tool for stretching leather on a last.</def>

<h1>Laster-y</h1>
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<hw>Last"er-y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A red color.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Spenser.</i>

<h1>Lasting</h1>
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<hw>Last"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Existing or continuing a long while; enduring; <as>as, a <ex>lasting</ex> good or evil; a <ex>lasting</ex> color.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Durable; permanent; undecaying; perpetual; unending.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Lasting</er>, <er>Permanent</er>, <er>Durable</er>. <i>Lasting</i> commonly means merely continuing in existence; <i>permanent</i> carries the idea of continuing in the same state, position, or course; <i>durable</i> means lasting in spite of agencies which tend to destroy.</usage>

<h1>Lasting</h1>
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<hw>Last"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Continuance; endurance.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A species of very durable woolen stuff, used for women's shoes; everlasting.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act or process of shaping on a last.</def>

<h1>Lasting</h1>
<Xpage=832>

<hw>Last"ing</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lasting manner.</def>

<h1>Lastly</h1>
<Xpage=832>

<hw>Last"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the last place; in conclusion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>at last; finally.</def>

<h1>Lat</h1>
<Xpage=832>

<hw>Lat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To let; to allow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Latakia</h1>
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<hw>Lat`a*ki"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk.]</ety> <def>A superior quality of Turkish smoking tobacco, so called from the place where produced, the ancient Laodicea.</def>

<h1>Latch</h1>
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<hw>Latch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>l\'82cher</ets> to lick (of German origin). Cf. <er>Lick</er>.]</ety> <def>To smear; to anoint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Latch</h1>
<Xpage=832>

<hw>Latch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lacche</ets>, fr. <ets>lacchen</ets> to seize, As. <ets>l\'91ccan</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which fastens or holds; a lace; a snare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A movable piece which holds anything in place by entering a notch or cavity; specifically, the catch which holds a door or gate when closed, though it be not bolted.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A latching.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A crossbow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Latch</h1>
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<hw>Latch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Latched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Latching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.<ets>lacchen</ets>. See <er>Latch</er>. <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To catch so as to hold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Those that remained threw darts at our men, and <b>latching</b> our darts, sent them again at us.
<i>Golding.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To catch or fasten by means of a latch.</def>

<blockquote>The door was only <b>latched</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Latchet</h1>
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<hw>Latch"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lachet</ets>, from an OF. dialect form of F. <ets>lacet</ets> plaited string, lace dim. of <ets>lacs</ets>. See <er>Lace</er>.]</ety> <def>The string that fastens a shoe; a shoestring.</def>

<h1>Latching</h1>
<Xpage=832>

<hw>Latch"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A loop or eye formed on the head rope of a bonnet, by which it is attached to the foot of a sail; -- called also <altname>latch</altname> and <altname>lasket</altname>.</def> <mark>[Usually in pl.]</mark>

<h1>Latchkey</h1>
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<hw>Latch"key`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A key used to raise, or throw back, the latch of a door, esp. a night latch.</def>

<h1>Latchstring</h1>
<Xpage=832>

<hw>Latch"string`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A string for raising the latch of a door by a person outside. It is fastened to the latch and passed through a hole above it in the door.</def>

<cs><col>To find the latchstring out</col>, <cd>to meet with hospitality; to be welcome. (Intrusion is prevented by drawing in the latchstring.) <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Late</h1>
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<hw>Late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Later</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, or <er>latter</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Latest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>lat</ets> slow, slack, As.<ets>l\'91t</ets>; akin to Os. <ets>lat</ets>, D. <ets>laat</ets> late, G. <ets>lass</ets> weary, lazy, slack, Icel. <ets>latr</ets>, Sw. <ets>lat</ets>, Dan. <ets>lad</ets>, Goth. <ets>lats</ets>, and to E. <ets>let</ets>, <tt>v.</tt> See <er>Let</er> to permit, and cf. <er>Alas</er>, <er>Lassitude</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Coming after the time when due, or after the usual or proper time; not early; slow; tardy; long delayed; <as>as, a <ex>late</ex> spring</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Far advanced toward the end or close; <as>as, a <ex>late</ex> hour of the day; a <ex>late</ex> period of life.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Existing or holding some position not long ago, but not now; lately deceased, departed, or gone out of office; <as>as, the <ex>late</ex> bishop of London; the <ex>late</ex> administration.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not long past; happening not long ago; recent; <as>as, the <ex>late</ex> rains; we have received <ex>late</ex> intelligence.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Continuing or doing until an advanced hour of the night; <as>as, <ex>late</ex> revels; a <ex>late</ex> watcher.</as></def>

<h1>Late</h1>
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<hw>Late</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>late</ets>. See <er>Late</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>After the usual or proper time, or the time appointed; after delay; <as>as, he arrived <ex>late</ex></as>; -- opposed to <i>early</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not long ago; lately.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Far in the night, day, week, or other particular period; <as>as, to lie abed <ex>late</ex>; to sit up <ex>late</ex> at night.</as></def>

<cs><col>Of late</col>, <cd>in time not long past, or near the present; lately; as, the practice is <i>of late<i> uncommon.</cd> -- <col>Too late</col>, <cd>after the proper or available time; when the time or opportunity is past.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lated</h1>
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<hw>Lat"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belated; too late.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>La-teen</h1>
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<hw>La-teen"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a peculiar rig used in the Mediterranean and adjacent waters, esp. on the northern coast of Africa. See below.</def>

<cs><col>Lateen sail</col>. <ety>[F. voile <ets>latine<ets> a sail in the shape of a right-angled triangle; cf. It. & Sp. vela <ets>latina<ets>; properly <ets>Latin<ets> sail. See <er>Latin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>A triangular sail, extended by a long yard, which is slung at about one fourth of its length from the lower end, to a low mast, this end being brought down at the tack, while the other end is elevated at an angle or about forty-five degrees; -- used in small boats, feluccas, xebecs, etc., especially in the Mediterranean and adjacent waters. Some lateen sails have also a boom on the lower side.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lately</h1>
<Xpage=832>

<hw>Late"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Not long ago; recently; <as>as, he has <ex>lately</ex> arrived from Italy</as>.</def>

<h1>Latence</h1>
<Xpage=832>

<hw>La"tence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Latency.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Latency</h1>
<Xpage=832>

<hw>La"ten*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Latent</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being latent.</def>

<blockquote>To simplify the discussion, I shall distinguish three degrees of this <b>latency</b>.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lateness</h1>
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<hw>Late"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state, condition, or quality, of being late; <as>as, the <ex>lateness</ex> of his arrival; the <ex>lateness</ex> of the hour; the <ex>lateness</ex> of the season.</as></def>

<h1>Latent</h1>
<Xpage=832>

<hw>La"tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>latens</ets>, -<ets>entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>latere</ets> to lie hid or concealed; cf. Gr. <?/ , E. <ets>lethargy</ets>: cf. F.<ets>latent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not visible or apparent; hidden; springs of action.</def>

<blockquote>The evils <b>latent</b> in the most promising contrivances are provided for as they arise.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Latent buds</col> <fld>(bot.)</fld>, <cd>buds which remain undeveloped or dormant for a long time, but may at length grow.</cd> <col>Latent heat</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>that quantity of heat which disappears or becomes concealed in a body while producing some change in it other than rise of temperature, as fusion, evaporation, or expansion, the quantity being constant for each particular body and for each species of change.</cd> -- <col>Latent period</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>The regular time in which a disease is supposed to be existing without manifesting itself</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <cd>One of the phases in a simple muscular contraction, in which invisible preparatory changes are taking place in the nerve and muscle</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>One of those periods or resting stages in the development of the ovum, in which development is arrested prior to renewed activity.</cd></cs>

<h1>Latently</h1>
<Xpage=832>

<hw>La"tent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a secret or concealed manner; invisibly.</def>

<h1>Later</h1>
<Xpage=832>

<hw>La"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lateres</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A brick or tile.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Later</h1>
<Xpage=832>

<hw>Lat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Compar. of <er>Late</er>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt></def>

<h1>Laterad</h1>
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<hw>Lat"er*ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>latus</ets>, <ets>lateris</ets>, side + <ets>ad</ets> to.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Toward the side; away from the mesial plane; -- opposed to <i>mesiad</i>.</def>

<h1>Lateral</h1>
<Xpage=832>

<hw>Lat"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lateralis</ets>, fr. <ets>latus</ets>, <ets>lateris</ets>, side: cf. F.<ets>lat\'82ral</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the sides; <as>as, the <ex>lateral</ex> walls of a house; the <ex>lateral</ex> branches of a tree.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Lying at, or extending toward, the side; away from the mesial plane; external; -- opposed to <i>mesial</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Directed to the side; <as>as, a <ex>lateral</ex> view of a thing</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Lateral cleavage</col> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld>, <cd>cleavage parallel to the lateral planes.</cd> -- <col>Lateral equation</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>an equation of the first degree.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Lateral line</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>in fishes, a line of sensory organs along either side of the body, often marked by a distinct line of color.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Lateral pressure</col> or <col>stress</col></mcol> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a pressure or stress at right angles to the length, as of a beam or bridge; -- distinguished from <i>longitudinal pressure or stress<i>.</cd> -- <col>Lateral strength</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>strength which resists a tendency to fracture arising from lateral pressure.</cd> -- <col>Lateral system</col> <fld>(Bridge Building)</fld>, <cd>the system of horizontal braces (as between two vertical trusses) by which lateral stiffness is secured.</cd></cs>

<h1>Laterality</h1>
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<hw>Lat`er*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of being lateral.</def>

<h1>Laterally</h1>
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<hw>Lat"er*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By the side; sidewise; toward, or from, the side.</def>

<h1>Lateran</h1>
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<hw>Lat"er*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The church and palace of St. John Lateran, the church being the cathedral church of Rome, and the highest in rank of all churches in the Catholic world.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is said to have been derived from that of the <i>Laterani</i> family, who possessed a palace on or near the spot where the church now stands. In this church several ecclesiastical councils, hence called <i>Lateran</i> councils, have been held.</note>

<h1>Latered</h1>
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<hw>Lat"ered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclined to delay; dilatory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "When a man is too <i>latered</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Laterifolious</h1>
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<hw>Lat`er*i*fo"li*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>latus</ets>, <ets>lateris</ets>, side + <ets>folium</ets> leaf: cf. F. <ets>lat\'82rifoli\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing from the stem by the side of a leaf; <as>as, a <ex>laterifolious</ex> flower</as>.</def>

<h1>Laterite</h1>
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<hw>Lat"er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>later</ets> brick, tile: cf. F. <ets>lat\'82rite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld><def>An argillaceous sandstone, of a red color, and much seamed; -- found in India.</def>

<h1>Later-itic</h1>
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<hw>Lat`er-it"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>consisting of, containing, or characterized by, laterite; <as>as, <ex>lateritic</ex> formations</as>.</def>

<h1>Lateritic</h1>
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<hw>Lat`er*it"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, containing, or characterized by, laterite; <as>as, <ex>lateritic</ex> formations</as>.</def>

<h1>Lateritious</h1>
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<hw>Lat"er*i"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>lateritius</ets>, fr. <ets>later</ets> a brick.]</ety> <def>Like bricks; of the color of red bricks.</def>

<cs><col>Lateritious sediment</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a sediment in urine resembling brick dust, observed after the crises of fevers, and at the termination of gouty paroxysms. It usually consists of uric acid or urates with some coloring matter.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lates</h1>
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<hw>La"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a fish of the Nile.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of large percoid fishes, of which one species (<spn>Lates Niloticus</spn>) inhabits the Nile, and another (<spn>L. calcarifer</spn) is found in the Ganges and other Indian rivers. They are valued as food fishes.

<h1>Latescence</h1>
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<hw>La*tes"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A slight withdrawal from view or knowledge.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Latescent</h1>
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<hw>La*tes"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>latescens</ets>, -<ets>entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>latescere</ets> to be concealed, fr. <ets>latere</ets> to be hid.]</ety> <def>Slightly withdrawn from view or knowledge; <as>as, a <ex>latescent</ex> meaning</as>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Latewake</h1>
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<hw>Late"wake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <cref>Lich wake</cref>, under <er>Lich</er>.</def>

<h1>Lateward</h1>
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<hw>Late"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Somewhat late; backward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Lateward</i> lands."

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Latex</h1>
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<hw>La"tex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A milky or colored juice in certain plants in cavities (called <i>latex cells</i> or <i>latex tubes</i>). It contains the peculiar principles of the plants, whether aromatic, bitter, or acid, and in many instances yields caoutchouc upon coagulation.</def>
<-- produced_by &and; contained_in latex cells, -->

<h1>Lath</h1>
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<hw>Lath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Laths</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>laththe</ets>, <ets>latthe</ets>, <ets>latte</ets>, AS. <ets>l\'91tta</ets>; akin to D. <ets>lat</ets>, G. <ets>latte</ets>, OHG. <ets>latta</ets>; cf. W. <ets>llath</ets> a rod, staff, yard. Cf. <er>Lattice</er>, <er>Latten</er>.]</ety> <def>A thin, narrow strip of wood, nailed to the rafters, studs, or floor beams of a building, for the purpose of supporting the tiles, plastering, etc. A corrugated metallic strip or plate is sometimes used.</def>

<cs><col>Lath brick</col>, <cd>a long, slender brick, used in making the floor on which malt is placed in the drying kiln.</cd> <col>Lath nail</col> <cd>a slender nail for fastening laths.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lath</h1>
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<hw>Lath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lathed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lathing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover or line with laths.</def>

<h1>Lathe</h1>
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<hw>Lathe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.<ets>l&aemac;&edh;</ets>. Of. uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>Formerly, a part or division of a county among the Anglo-Saxons. At present it consists of four or five hundreds, and is confined to the county of Kent.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lath</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Lathe</h1>
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<hw>Lathe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lathe</ets> a granary; akin to G. <ets>lade</ets> a chest, Icel. <ets>hla&edh;a</ets> a storehouse, barn; but cf. also Icel. <ets>l\'94&edh;</ets> a smith's lathe. Senses 2 and 3 are perh. of the same origin as <ets>lathe</ets> a granary, the original meaning being, a frame to hold something. If so, the word is from an older form of E. <ets>lade</ets> to load. See <er>Lade</er> to load.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A granary; a barn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A machine for turning, that is, for shaping articles of wood, metal, or other material, by causing them to revolve while acted upon by a cutting tool.</def>
<-- "turning" here is in the sense of cutting while turning.
    turn 6 and turning 4, in this dict. -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The movable swing frame of a loom, carrying the reed for separating the warp threads and beating up the weft; -- called also <altname>lay</altname> and <altname>batten</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Blanchard lathe</col>, <cd>a lathe for turning irregular forms after a given pattern, as lasts, gunstocks, and the like.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Drill lathe</col>, &or; <col>Speed lathe</col></mcol>, <cd>a small lathe which, from its high speed, is adapted for drilling; a hand lathe.</cd> -- <col>Engine lathe</col>, <cd>a turning lathe in which the cutting tool has an automatic feed; -- used chiefly for turning and boring metals, cutting screws, etc.</cd> -- <col>Foot lathe</col>, <cd>a lathe which is driven by a treadle worked by the foot.</cd> -- <col>Geometric lathe</col>. See under <er>Geometric</er> -- <col>Hand lathe</col>, <cd>a lathe operated by hand; a power turning lathe without an automatic feed for the tool.</cd> -- <col>Slide lathe</col>, <cd>an engine lathe.</cd> -- <col>Throw lathe</col>, <cd>a small lathe worked by one hand, while the cutting tool is held in the other.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="833">
Page 833<p>

<h1>Lather</h1>
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<hw>Lath"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>le\'a0&edh;or</ets> niter, in <ets>le\'a0&edh;orwyrt</ets> soapwort; cf. Icel. <ets>lau<?/r</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>lye</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Foam or froth made by soap moistened with water.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Foam from profuse sweating, as of a horse.</def>

<h1>Lather</h1>
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<hw>Lath"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lathered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lathering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>l&emac;&edh;rian</ets> to lather, anoint. See <er>Lather</er>, <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety> <def>To spread over with lather; <as>as, to <ex>lather</ex> the face</as>.</def>

<h1>Lather</h1>
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<hw>Lath"er</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form lather, or a froth like lather; to accumulate foam from profuse sweating, as a horse.</def>

<h1>Lather</h1>
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<hw>Lath"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Leather</er>.]</ety> <def>To beat severely with a thong, strap, or the like; to flog.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Lathereeve, Lathreeve</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lathe"reeve`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lath"reeve`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Formerly, the head officer of a lathe. See 1st <er>Lathe</er>.</def>

<h1>Lathing</h1>
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<hw>Lath"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of covering with laths; laths, collectively; a covering of laths.</def>

<h1>Lath-shaped</h1>
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<hw>Lath"-shaped`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a slender elongated form, like a lath; -- said of the feldspar of certain igneous rocks, as diabase, as seen in microscopic sections.</def>

<h1>Lathwork</h1>
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<hw>Lath"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Lathing</er>.</def>

<h1>Lathy</h1>
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<hw>Lath"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a lath; long and slender.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>lathy</b> horse, all legs and length.
<i>R. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Latian</h1>
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<hw>La"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging, or relating, to Latium, a country of ancient Italy. See <er>Latin</er>.</def>

<h1>Latibulize</h1>
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<hw>La*tib"u*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Latibulized</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Latibulizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>latibulum</ets> hiding place, fr. <ets>latere</ets> to lie hid.]</ety> <def>To retire into a den, or hole, and lie dormant in winter; to retreat and lie hid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>G. Shaw.</i>

<h1>Latibulum</h1>
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<hw>La*tib"u*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Latibula</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A concealed hiding place; a burrow; a lair; a hole.</def>

<h1>Laticiferous</h1>
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<hw>Lat`i*cif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>latex</ets>, <ets>laticis</ets>, a liquid + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Containing the latex; -- applied to the tissue or tubular vessels in which the latex of the plant is found.</def>

<h1>Laticlave</h1>
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<hw>Lat"i*clave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>laticlavus</ets>, <ets>laticlavium</ets>; <ets>latus</ets> broad + <ets>clavus</ets> nail, a purple stripe on the tunica: cf. F. <ets>laticlave</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A broad stripe of purple on the fore part of the tunic, worn by senators in ancient Rome as an emblem of office.</def>

<h1>Laticostate</h1>
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<hw>Lat`i*cos"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>latus</ets> broad + E. <ets>costate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Broad-ribbed.</def>

<h1>Latidentate</h1>
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<hw>Lat`i*den"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>latus</ets> broad + E. <ets>dentate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Broad-toothed.</def>

<h1>Latifoliate, Latifolious</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lat`i*fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lat`i*fo"li*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>latifolius</ets>; <ets>latus</ets> broad + <ets>folium</ets> leaf: cf. F. <ets>latifoli\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having broad leaves.</def>

<h1>Latimer</h1>
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<hw>Lat"i*mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>latinier</ets>, <ets>latimier</ets>, prop., one knowing Latin.]</ety> <def>An interpreter. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Coke</i>.</def>

<h1>Latin</h1>
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<hw>Lat"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>Latinus</ets> belonging to Latium, Latin, fr. <ets>Latium</ets> a country of Italy, in which Rome was situated. Cf. <er>Ladin</er>, <ets>Lateen sail</ets>, under <er>Lateen</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Latium, or to the Latins, a people of Latium; Roman; <as>as, the <ex>Latin</ex> language</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of, pertaining to, or composed in, the language used by the Romans or Latins; <as>as, a <ex>Latin</ex> grammar; a <ex>Latin</ex> composition or idiom.</as></def>

<cs><col>Latin Church</col> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>the Western or Roman Catholic Church, as distinct from the Greek or Eastern Church.</cd> -- <col>Latin cross</col>. <cd>See <i>Illust<i>. 1 of <er>Cross</er>.</cd> -- <col>Latin races</col>, <cd>a designation sometimes loosely given to certain nations, esp. the French, Spanish, and Italians, who speak languages principally derived from Latin.</cd> <col>Latin Union</col>, <cd>an association of states, originally comprising France, Belgium, Switzerland, and Italy, which, in 1865, entered into a monetary agreement, providing for an identity in the weight and fineness of the gold and silver coins of those countries, and for the amounts of each kind of coinage by each. Greece, Servia, Roumania, and Spain subsequently joined the Union.</cd></cs>

<h1>Latin</h1>
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<hw>Lat"in</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of Latium; a Roman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The language of the ancient Romans.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An exercise in schools, consisting in turning English into Latin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A member of the Roman Catholic Church.</def>

(<xe see:
<cs><mcol><col>Dog Latin</col>, <col>barbarous Latin</col></mcol><cd>; a jargon in imitation of Latin; as, the <i>log Latin<i> of schoolboys.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Late Latin</col>, <col>Low Latin</col></mcol>, <cd>terms used indifferently to designate the latest stages of the Latin language; low Latin (and, perhaps, late Latin also), including the barbarous coinages from the French, German, and other languages into a Latin form made after the Latin had become a dead language for the people.</cd> -- <col>Law Latin</col>, <cd>that kind of late, or low, Latin, used in statutes and legal instruments; -- often barbarous.</cd></cs>

<h1>Latin</h1>
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<hw>Lat"in</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To write or speak in Latin; to turn or render into Latin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Latinism</h1>
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<hw>Lat"in*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>latinisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Latin idiom; a mode of speech peculiar to Latin; also, a mode of speech in another language, as English, formed on a Latin model.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is also sometimes used by Biblical scholars to designate a Latin word in Greek letters, or the Latin sense of a Greek word in the Greek Testament.</note>

<h1>Latinist</h1>
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<hw>Lat"in*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>latiniste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in Latin; a Latin scholar.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>He left school a good <b>Latinist</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Latinistic</h1>
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<hw>Lat`in*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, Latin; in the Latin style or idiom.</def> "<i>Latinistic</i> words."

<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i>

<h1>Latinitaster</h1>
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<hw>La*tin"i*tas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Poetaster</er>.]</ety> <def>One who has but a smattering of Latin.</def>

<i>Walker.</i>

<h1>Latinity</h1>
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<hw>La*tin"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>latinitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>latinit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The Latin tongue, style, or idiom, or the use thereof; specifically, purity of Latin style or idiom.</def> "His ele<?/ant <i>Latinity</i>."

<i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Latinization</h1>
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<hw>Lat`in*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of Latinizing, as a word, language, or country.</def>

<blockquote>The Germanization of Britain went far deeper than the <b>Latinization</b> of France.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Latinize</h1>
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<hw>Lat"in*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Latinized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Latinizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>latinizare</ets>: cf. F.<ets>latiniser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give Latin terminations or forms to, as to foreign words, in writing Latin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring under the power or influence of the Romans or Latins; to affect with the usages of the Latins, especially in speech.</def> "<i>Latinized</i> races."

<i>Lowell.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make like the Roman Catholic Church or diffuse its ideas in; <as>as, to <ex>Latinize</ex> the Church of England</as>.</def>

<h1>Latinize</h1>
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<hw>Lat"in*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To use words or phrases borrowed from the Latin.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come under the influence of the Romans, or of the Roman Catholic Church.</def>

<h1>Latinly</h1>
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<hw>Lat"in*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of the Latin language; in correct Latin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Heylin.</i>

<h1>Lation</h1>
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<hw>La"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>latio</ets>, fr. <ets>latus</ets> borne. See <er>Tolerate</er>.]</ety> <def>Transportation; conveyance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Latirostral, Latirostrous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lat`i*ros"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lat`i*ros"trous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>latirostre</ets>. See <er>Latirostres</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a broad beak.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Latirostres</h1>
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<hw>Lat`i*ros"tres</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>latus</ets> broad + <ets>rostrum</ets> beak.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The broad-billed singing birds, such as the swallows, and their allies.</def>

<h1>Latish</h1>
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<hw>Lat"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat late.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Latisternal</h1>
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<hw>Lat`i*ster"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>latus</ets> broad + E. <ets>sternal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a broad breastbone, or sternum; -- said of anthropoid apes.</def>

<h1>Latitancy</h1>
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<hw>Lat"i*tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Latitant</er>.]</ety> <def>Act or state of lying hid, or lurking.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Latitant</h1>
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<hw>Lat"i*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>latitans</ets>, pr. of <ets>latitare</ets> to lie hid, to lurk, v. intens. fr. <ets>latere</ets> to be hid: cf. F. <ets>latitant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lying hid; concealed; latent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Latitat</h1>
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<hw>Lat"i*tat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., he lies hid.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A writ based upon the presumption that the person summoned was hiding.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Latitation</h1>
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<hw>Lat`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>latitatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lying in concealment; hiding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Latitude</h1>
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<hw>Lat"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>latitude</ets>, L. <ets>latitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>latus</ets> broad, wide, for older <ets>stlatus</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>strew</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Extent from side to side, or distance sidewise from a given point or line; breadth; width.</def>

<blockquote>Provided the length do not exceed the <b>latitude</b> above one third part.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Room; space; freedom from confinement or restraint; hence, looseness; laxity; independence.</def>

<blockquote>In human actions there are no degrees and precise natural limits described, but a <b>latitude</b> is indulged.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Extent or breadth of signification, application, etc.; extent of deviation from a standard, as truth, style, etc.</def>

<blockquote>No discreet man will believe Augustine's miracles, in the <b>latitude</b> of monkish relations.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Extent; size; amplitude; scope.</def>

<blockquote>I pretend not to treat of them in their full <b>latitude</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>Distance north or south of the equator, measured on a meridian.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The angular distance of a heavenly body from the ecliptic.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Ascending latitude</col>, <col>Circle of latitude</col>, <col>Geographical latitude</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Ascending</er>. <er>Circle</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>High latitude</col>, <cd>that part of the earth's surface near either pole, esp. that part within either the arctic or the antarctic circle.</cd> -- <col>Low latitude</col>, <cd>that part of the earth's surface which is near the equator.</cd></cs>

<h1>Latitudinal</h1>
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<hw>Lat`i*tu"di*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to latitude; in the direction of latitude.</def>

<h1>Latitudinarian</h1>
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<hw>Lat`i*tu`di*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>latitudinaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not restrained; not confined by precise limits.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Indifferent to a strict application of any standard of belief or opinion; hence, deviating more or less widely from such standard; lax in doctrine; <as>as, <ex>latitudinarian</ex> divines; <ex>latitudinarian</ex> theology.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Latitudinarian</b> sentiments upon religious subjects.
<i>Allibone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lax in moral or religious principles.</def>

<h1>Latitudinarian</h1>
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<hw>Lat`i*tu`di*na"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is moderate in his notions, or not restrained by precise settled limits in opinion; one who indulges freedom in thinking.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A member of the Church of England, in the time of Charles II., who adopted more liberal notions in respect to the authority, government, and doctrines of the church than generally prevailed.</def>

<blockquote>They were called "men of latitude;" and upon this, men of narrow thoughts fastened upon them the name of <b>latitudinarians</b>.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>One who departs in opinion from the strict principles of orthodoxy.</def>

<h1>Latitudinarianism</h1>
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<hw>Lat`i*tu`di*na"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A latitudinarian system or condition; freedom of opinion in matters pertaining to religious belief.</def>

<blockquote>Fierce sectarianism bred fierce <b>latitudinarianism</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He [Ammonius Saccas] plunged into the wildest <b>latitudinarianism</b> of opinion.
<i>J. S. Harford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Latitudinous</h1>
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<hw>Lat`i*tu"di*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having latitude, or wide extent.</def>

<h1>Laton, Latoun</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lat"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lat"oun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Latten, 1.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Latrant</h1>
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<hw>La"trant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>latrans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>latrare</ets>. See <er>Latrate</er>.]</ety> <def>Barking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tickell.</i>

<h1>Latrate</h1>
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<hw>La"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>latratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>latrare</ets> to bark.]</ety> <def>To bark as a dog.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Latration</h1>
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<hw>La*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A barking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Latreutical</h1>
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<hw>La*treu"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to serve, to worship.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Acting as a hired servant; serving; ministering; assisting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to latria.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Latria</h1>
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<hw>La*tri"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to serve, fr. <?/ servant.]</ety> <def>The highest kind of worship, or that paid to God; -- distinguished by the Roman Catholics from <i>dulia</i>, or the inferior worship paid to saints.</def>

<h1>Latrine</h1>
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<hw>La*trine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>latrina</ets>: cf. F. <ets>latrines</ets>.]</ety> <def>A privy, or water-closet, esp. in a camp, hospital, etc.</def>

<h1>Latrociny</h1>
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<hw>Lat"ro*cin`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>latrocinium</ets>. Cf. <er>Larceny</er>.]</ety> <def>Theft; larceny.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Latten</h1>
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<hw>Lat"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>latoun</ets>, <ets>laton</ets>, OF. <ets>laton</ets>, F. <ets>laiton</ets>, prob. fr. OF. <ets>late</ets> lath, F. <ets>latte</ets>; -- because made in thin plates; cf. It. <ets>latta</ets> a sheet of tinned iron, tin plate. F. <ets>latte</ets> is of German origin. See <er>Lath</er> a thin board.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of brass hammered into thin sheets, formerly much used for making church utensils, as candlesticks, crosses, etc.; -- called also <altname>latten brass</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>He had a cross of <b>latoun</b> full of stones.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sheet tin; iron plate, covered with tin; also, any metal in thin sheets; <as>as, gold <ex>latten</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Black latten</col>, <cd>brass in milled sheets, composed of copper and zinc, used by braziers, and for drawing into wire.</cd> -- <col>Roll latten</col>, <cd>latten polished on both sides ready for use.</cd> -- <col>Shaven latten</col>, <cd>a thinner kind than black latten.</cd> -- <col>White latten</col>, <cd>a mixture of brass and tin.</cd></cs>

<h1>Latter</h1>
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<hw>Lat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>later</ets>, <ets>l\'91tter</ets>, compar. of <ets>lat</ets> late. See <er>Late</er>, and cf. <er>Later</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Later; more recent; coming or happening after something else; -- opposed to <i>former</i>; <as>as, the former and <ex>latter</ex> rain</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of two things, the one mentioned second.</def>

<blockquote>The difference between reason and revelation, and in what sense the <b>latter</b> is superior.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Recent; modern.</def>

<blockquote>Hath not navigation discovered in these <b>latter</b> ages, whole nations at the bay of Soldania?
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Last; latest; final.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "My <i>latter</i> gasp."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Latter harvest</col>, <cd>the last part of the harvest.</cd> -- <col>Latter spring</col>, <cd>the last part of the spring of the year.</cd>  <i>Shak.</i></cs>

<h1>Latter-day saint</h1>
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<hw>Lat"ter-day` saint"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A Mormon; -- the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints being the name assumed by the whole body of Mormons.</def>

<h1>Latterkin</h1>
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<hw>Lat"ter*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pointed wooden tool used in glazing leaden lattice.</def>

<h1>Latterly</h1>
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<hw>Lat"ter*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Lately; of late; recently; at a later, as distinguished from a former, period.</def>

<blockquote><b>Latterly</b> Milton was short and thick.
<i>Richardson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lattermath</h1>
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<hw>Lat"ter*math</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Aftermath</er>.]</ety> <def>The latter, or second, mowing; the aftermath.</def>

<h1>Lattice</h1>
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<hw>Lat"tice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>latis</ets>, F. <ets>lattis</ets> lathwork, fr. <ets>latte</ets> lath. See <er>Latten</er>, 1st <er>Lath</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any work of wood or metal, made by crossing laths, or thin strips, and forming a network; <as>as, the <ex>lattice</ex> of a window</as>; -- called also <altname>latticework</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>The mother of Sisera looked out at a window, and cried through the <b>lattice</b>.
<i>Judg. v. 28. </i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The representation of a piece of latticework used as a bearing, the bands being vertical and horizontal.</def>

<cs><col>Lattice bridge</col>, <cd>a bridge supported by lattice girders, or latticework trusses.</cd> -- <col>Lattice girder</col></mcol> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a girder of which the wed consists of diagonal pieces crossing each other in the manner of latticework.</cd> -- <col>Lattice plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an aquatic plant of Madagascar (<spn>Ouvirandra fenestralis</spn>), whose leaves have interstices between their ribs and cross veins, so as to resemble latticework. A second species is <spn>O. Berneriana</spn>. The genus is merged in <spn>Aponogeton</spn> by recent authors.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lattice</h1>
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<hw>Lat"tice</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Latticed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Latticing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a lattice of; <as>as, to <ex>lattice</ex> timbers</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To close, as an opening, with latticework; to furnish with a lattice; <as>as, to <ex>lattice</ex> a window</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To lattice up</col>, <cd>to cover or inclose with a lattice.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Therein it seemeth he [Alexander] hath <b>latticed up</b> C\'91sar.
<i>Sir T. North.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Latticework</h1>
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<hw>Lat"tice*work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Lattice</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</def>

<h1>Latticing</h1>
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<hw>Lat"ti*cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of making a lattice of, or of fitting a lattice to.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bridge Building)</fld> <def>A system of bars crossing in the middle to form braces between principal longitudinal members, as of a strut.</def>

<h1>Latus rectum</h1>
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<hw>La"tus rec"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., the right side.]</ety> <fld>(Conic Sections)</fld> <def>The line drawn through a focus of a conic section parallel to the directrix and terminated both ways by the curve. It is the parameter of the principal axis. See <er>Focus</er>, and <er>Parameter</er>.</def>

<h1>Laud</h1>
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<hw>Laud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>laus</ets>, <ets>laudis</ets>. See <er>Laud</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>High commendation; praise; honor; exaltation; glory.</def> "<i>Laud</i> be to God."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>So do well and thou shalt have <b>laud</b> of the same.
<i>Tyndals.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A part of divine worship, consisting chiefly of praise; -- usually in the <pluf>pl.</pluf></def>

<note>&hand; In the Roman Catholic Church, the prayers used at daybreak, between those of matins and prime, are called <i>lauds</i>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Music or singing in honor of any one.</def>

<h1>Laud</h1>
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<hw>Laud</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lauded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lauding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.<ets>laudare</ets>, fr. <ets>laus</ets>, <ets>laudis</ets>, praise. Cf. <er>Allow</er>.]</ety> <def>To praise in words alone, or with words and singing; to celebrate; to extol.</def>

<blockquote>With all the company of heaven, we <b>laud</b> and magnify thy glorious name.
<i>Book of Common Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Laudability</h1>
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<hw>Laud`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>laudabilitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Laudableness; praiseworthiness.</def>

<h1>Laudable</h1>
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<hw>Laud"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>laudabilis</ets>: cf. OE. <ets>laudable</ets>. See <er>Laud</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Worthy of being lauded; praiseworthy; commendable; <as>as, <ex>laudable</ex> motives; <ex>laudable</ex> actions; <ex>laudable</ex> ambition.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Healthy; salubrious; normal; having a disposition to promote healing; not noxious; <as>as, <ex>laudable</ex> juices of the body; <ex>laudable</ex> pus.</as></def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<hr>
<page="834">
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<h1>Laudableness</h1>
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<hw>Laud"a*ble*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being laudable; praiseworthiness; commendableness.</def>

<h1>Laudably</h1>
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<hw>Laud"a*bly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a laudable manner.</def>

<h1>Laudanine</h1>
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<hw>Lau"da*nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Laudanum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white organic base, resembling morphine, and obtained from certain varieties of opium.</def>

<h1>Laudanum</h1>
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<hw>Lau"da*num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Orig. the same wort as <ets>ladanum</ets>, <ets>ladbdanum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>laudanum</ets>, It. <ets>laudano</ets>, <ets>ladano</ets>. See <er>Ladanum</er>.]</ety> <def>Tincture of opium, used for various medical purposes.</def>

<note>&hand; A fluid ounce of American laudanum should contain the soluble matter of one tenth of an ounce avoirdupois of powdered opium with equal parts of alcohol and water. English laudanum should have ten grains less of opium in the fluid ounce. <i>U. S. Disp.</i></note>

<cs><col>Dutchman's laudanum</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Dutchman</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Laudation</h1>
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<hw>Lau*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>laudatio</ets>: cf. OE. <ets>taudation</ets>. See <er>Land</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>The act of lauding; praise; high commendation.</def>

<h1>Laudative</h1>
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<hw>Laud"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>laudativus</ets> laudatory: cf. F. <ets>laudatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Laudatory.</def>

<h1>Laudative</h1>
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<hw>Laud"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A panegyric; a eulogy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Laudator</h1>
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<hw>Lau*da"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who lauds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An arbitrator.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Laudatory</h1>
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<hw>Laud"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>laudatorius</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>laudatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining praise, or to the expression of praise; <as>as, <ex>laudatory</ex> verses; the <ex>laudatory</ex> powers of Dryden.</as></def>

<i>Sir J. Stephen. </i>

<h1>Lauder</h1>
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<hw>Laud"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lauds.</def>

<h1>Laugh</h1>
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<hw>Laugh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Laughed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Laughing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>laughen</ets>, <ets>laghen</ets>, <ets>lauhen</ets>, AS. <ets>hlehhan</ets>, <ets>hlihhan</ets>, <ets>hlyhhan</ets>, <ets>hliehhan</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>hlahan</ets>, D. & G.<ets>lachen</ets>, OHG. <ets>hlahhan</ets>, <ets>lahhan</ets>, <ets>lahh<?/n</ets>, Icel. <ets>hl\'91ja</ets>. Dan. <ets>lee</ets>, Sw. <ets>le</ets>, Goth. <ets>hlahjan</ets>; perh. of imitative origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To show mirth, satisfaction, or derision, by peculiar movement of the muscles of the face, particularly of the mouth, causing a lighting up of the face and eyes, and usually accompanied by the emission of explosive or chuckling sounds from the chest and throat; to indulge in laughter.</def>

<blockquote>Queen Hecuba <b>laughed</b> that her eyes ran o'er.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>laugheth</b> that winneth.
<i>Heywood's Prov.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To be or appear gay, cheerful, pleasant, mirthful, lively, or brilliant; to sparkle; to sport.</def>

<blockquote>Then <b>laughs</b> the childish year, with flowerets crowned.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In Folly's cup still <b>laughs</b> the bubble Joy.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To laugh at</col>, <cd>to make an object of laughter or ridicule; to make fun of; to deride.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>No wit to flatter left of all his store,
No fool <b>to laugh at</b>, which he valued more.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To laugh in the sleeve</col><-- or to laugh up one's sleeve -->, <cd>to laugh secretly, or so as not to be observed, especially while apparently preserving a grave or serious demeanor toward the person or persons laughed at.</cd> -- <col>To laugh out</col>, <cd>to laugh in spite of some restraining influence; to laugh aloud.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To laugh out of the other corner</col> (&or; <col>side</col>) <col>of the mouth</col></mcol>, <cd>to weep or cry; to feel regret, vexation, or disappointment after hilarity or exaltation. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Laugh</h1>
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<hw>Laugh</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To affect or influence by means of laughter or ridicule.</def>

<blockquote>Will you <b>laugh</b> me asleep, for I am very heavy?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I shall <b>laugh</b> myself to death.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To express by, or utter with, laughter; -- with <i>out</i>.</def>

<blockquote>From his deep chest <b>laughs</b> out a loud applause.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To laugh away</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To drive away by laughter; <as>as, <ex>to laugh away<ex> regret</as></cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To waste in hilarity</cd>. "Pompey doth this day <i>laugh away<i> his fortune." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To laugh down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To cause to cease or desist by laughter; as, <i>to laugh down<i> a speaker</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To cause to be given up on account of ridicule; as, <i>to laugh down<i> a reform.</cd> -- <col>To laugh one out of</col>, <cd>to cause one by laughter or ridicule to abandon or give up; <as>as, <ex>to laugh one out of<ex> a plan or purpose</as>.</cd> -- <col>To laugh to scorn</col>, <cd>to deride; to treat with mockery, contempt, and scorn; to despise.</cd></cs>

<h1>Laugh</h1>
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<hw>Laugh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An expression of mirth peculiar to the human species; the sound heard in laughing; laughter. See <er>Laugh</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<blockquote>And the loud <b>laugh</b> that spoke the vacant mind.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That man is a bad man who has not within him the power of a hearty <b>laugh</b>.
<i>F. W. Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Laughable</h1>
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<hw>Laugh"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fitted to excite laughter; <as>as, a <ex>laughable</ex> story; a <ex>laughable</ex> scene.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Droll; ludicrous; mirthful; comical. See <er>Droll</er>, and <er>Ludicrous</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Laugh"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Laugh"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Laugher</h1>
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<hw>Laugh"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who laughs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A variety of the domestic pigeon.</def>

<h1>Laughing</h1>
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<hw>Laugh"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>from <er>Laugh</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Laughing falcon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a South American hawk (<spn>Herpetotheres cachinnans</spn>); -- so called from its notes, which resemble a shrill laughing.</cd> -- <col>Laughing gas</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>hyponitrous oxide, or protoxide of nitrogen<-- = nitrous oxide -->; -- so called from the exhilaration and laughing which it sometimes produces when inhaled. It is much used as an an\'91sthetic agent.</cd><-- now primarily in dentistry --> -- <col>Laughing goose</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European white-fronted goose.</cd> -- <col>Laughing gull</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A common European gull (<spn>Xema ridibundus</spn>); -- called also <altname>pewit</altname>, <altname>black cap</altname>, <altname>red-legged gull</altname>, and <altname>sea crow</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An American gull (<spn>Larus atricilla</spn>)</cd>. In summer the head is nearly black, the back slate color, and the five outer primaries black. -- <col>Laughing hyena</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the spotted hyena. See <er>Hyena</er>.</cd> -- <col>Laughing jackass</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the great brown kingfisher (<spn>Dacelo gigas</spn>), of Australia; -- called also <altname>giant kingfisher</altname>, and <altname>gogobera</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Laughing owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a peculiar owl (<spn>Sceloglaux albifacies</spn>) of New Zealand, said to be on the verge of extinction. The name alludes to its notes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Laughingly</h1>
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<hw>Laugh"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With laughter or merriment.</def>

<h1>Laughingstock</h1>
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<hw>Laugh"ing*stock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An object of ridicule; a butt of sport.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>When he talked, he talked nonsense, and made himself the <b>laughingstock</b> of his hearers.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Laughsome</h1>
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<hw>Laugh"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Exciting laughter; also, addicted to laughter; merry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Laughter</h1>
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<hw>Laugh"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hleahtor</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>hlahtar</ets>, G. <ets>gel\'84chter</ets>, Icel. <ets>hl\'betr</ets>, Dan. <ets>latter</ets>. See <er>Laugh</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> ]</ety> <def>A movement (usually involuntary) of the muscles of the face, particularly of the lips, with a peculiar expression of the eyes, indicating merriment, satisfaction, or derision, and usually attended by a sonorous and interrupted expulsion of air from the lungs. See <er>Laugh</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<blockquote>The act of <b>laughter</b>, which is a sweet contraction of the muscles of the face, and a pleasant agitation of the vocal organs, is not merely, or totally within the jurisdiction of ourselves.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Archly the maiden smiled, and with eyes overrunning with <b>laughter</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Laughterless</h1>
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<hw>Laugh"ter*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not laughing; without laughter.</def>

<h1>Laughworthy</h1>
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<hw>Laugh"wor`thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deserving to be laughed at.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Laumontite</h1>
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<hw>Lau"mont*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Dr. <ets>Laumont</ets>, the discoverer.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral, of a white color and vitreous luster. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime. Exposed to the air, it loses water, becomes opaque, and crumbles.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>laumonite</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Launce</h1>
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<hw>Launce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Launce</h1>
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<hw>Launce</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>lance</ets>, L. <ets>lanx</ets>, <ets>lancis</ets>, plate, scale of a balance. Cf. <er>Balance</er>.]</ety> <def>A balance</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Fortune all in equal <b>launce</b> doth sway.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Launce</h1>
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<hw>Launce</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lant</er>, the fish.</def>

<h1>Launcegaye</h1>
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<hw>Launce"gaye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Langegaye</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Launch</h1>
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<hw>Launch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Launched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Launching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>launchen</ets> to throw as a lance, OF. <ets>lanchier</ets>, another form of <ets>lancier</ets>, F. <ets>lancer</ets>, fr. <ets>lance</ets> lance. See <er>Lance</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lanch</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw, as a lance or dart; to hurl; to let fly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strike with, or as with, a lance; to pierce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Launch</b> your hearts with lamentable wounds.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to move or slide from the land into the water; to set afloat; <as>as, to <ex>launch</ex> a ship</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With stays and cordage last he rigged the ship,
And rolled on levers, <b>launched</b> her in the deep.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To send out; to start (one) on a career; to set going; to give a start to (something); to put in operation; <as>as, to <ex>launch</ex> a son in the world; to <ex>launch</ex> a business project or enterprise.</as></def>

<blockquote>All art is used to sink episcopacy, and <b>launch</b> presbytery in England.
<i>Eikon Basilike.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Launch</h1>
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<hw>Launch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To move with force and swiftness like a sliding from the stocks into the water; to plunge; to make a beginning; <as>as, to <ex>launch</ex> into the current of a stream; to <ex>launch</ex> into an argument or discussion; to <ex>launch</ex> into lavish expenditures</as>; -- often with <i>out</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Launch</b> out into the deep, and let down your nets for a draught.
<i>Luke v. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He [Spenser] <b>launches</b> out into very flowery paths.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Launch</h1>
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<hw>Launch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of launching.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The movement of a vessel from land into the water; especially, the sliding on ways from the stocks on which it is built.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>lancha</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The boat of the largest size belonging to a ship of war; also, an open boat of any size driven by steam, naphtha, electricity, or the like.</def>

<cs><col>Launching ways</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Way</er>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Laund</h1>
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<hw>Laund</hw> <tt>(l&add;nd)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lawn</er> of grass.]</ety> <def>A plain sprinkled with trees or underbrush; a glade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In a <b>laund</b> upon an hill of flowers.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Through this <b>laund</b> anon the deer will come.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Launder</h1>
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<hw>Laun"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contracted fr. OE. <ets>lavender</ets>, F. <ets>lavandi\'8are</ets>, LL. <ets>lavandena</ets>, from L. <ets>lavare</ets> to wash. See <er>Lave</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A washerwoman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A trough used by miners to receive the powdered ore from the box where it is beaten, or for carrying water to the stamps, or other apparatus, for comminuting, or sorting, the ore.</def>

<h1>Launder</h1>
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<hw>Laun"der</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Laundered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Laundering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wash, as clothes; to wash, and to smooth with a flatiron or mangle; to wash and iron; <as>as, to <ex>launder</ex> shirts</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lave; to wet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Launderer</h1>
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<hw>Laun"der*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who follows the business of laundering.</def>

<h1>Laundering</h1>
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<hw>Laun"der*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act, or occupation, of one who launders; washing and ironing.</def>

<h1>Laundress</h1>
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<hw>Laun"dress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman whose employment is laundering.</def>

<h1>Laundress</h1>
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<hw>Laun"dress</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act as a laundress.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Laundry</h1>
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<hw>Laun"dry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Laundries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>lavendrie</ets>, OF. <ets>lavanderie</ets>. See <er>Launder</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A laundering; a washing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place or room where laundering is done.</def>

<h1>Laundryman</h1>
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<hw>Laun"dry*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Laundrymen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man who follows the business of laundering.</def>

<h1>Laura</h1>
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<hw>Lau"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., fr. Gr. (<?/) lane, defile, also, a kind of monastery.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A number of hermitages or cells in the same neighborhood occupied by anchorites who were under the same superior.</def>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Lauraceous</h1>
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<hw>Lau*ra"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Laurus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, a natural order (<spn>Laurace\'91</spn>) of trees and shrubs having aromatic bark and foliage, and including the laurel, sassafras, cinnamon tree, true camphor tree, etc.</def>

<h1>Laurate</h1>
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<hw>Lau"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of lauric acid.</def>

<h1>Laureate</h1>
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<hw>Lau"re*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>laureatus</ets>, fr. <ets>laurea</ets> laurel tree, fr. <ets>laureus</ets> of laurel, fr. <ets>laurus</ets> laurel: cf. F. <ets>laur\'82at</ets>. Cf. <er>Laurel</er>.]</ety> <def>Crowned, or decked, with laurel.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>To strew the <b>laureate</b> hearse where Lycid lies.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Soft on her lap her <b>laureate</b> son reclines.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Poet laureate</col>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>One who received an honorable degree in grammar, including poetry and rhetoric, at the English universities; -- so called as being presented with a wreath of laurel</cd>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> Formerly, an officer of the king's household, whose business was to compose an ode annually for the king's birthday, and other suitable occasions; now, a poet officially distinguished by such honorary title, the office being a sinecure. It is said this title was first given in the time of Edward IV. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Laureate</h1>
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<hw>Lau"re*ate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One crowned with laurel; a poet laureate.</def> "A learned <i>laureate</i>."

<i>Cleveland.</i>

<h1>Laureate</h1>
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<hw>Lau"re*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Laureated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Laureating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To honor with a wreath of laurel, as formerly was done in bestowing a degree at the English universities.</def>

<h1>Laureateship</h1>
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<hw>Lau"re*ate*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State, or office, of a laureate.</def>

<h1>Laureation</h1>
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<hw>Lau`re*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>laur\'82ation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of crowning with laurel; the act of conferring an academic degree, or honorary title.</def>

<h1>Laurel</h1>
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<hw>Lau"rel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lorel</ets>, <ets>laurer</ets>, <ets>lorer</ets>, OF. <ets>lorier</ets>, <ets>laurier</ets>, F. <ets>laurier</ets>, (assumed) LL. <ets>Laurarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>laurus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An evergreen shrub, of the genus <spn>Laurus</spn> (<spn>L. nobilis</spn>), having aromatic leaves of a lanceolate shape, with clusters of small, yellowish white flowers in their axils; -- called also <altname>sweet bay</altname>.</def> <note>The fruit is a purple berry. It is found about the Mediterranean, and was early used by the ancient Greeks to crown the victor in the games of Apollo. At a later period, academic honors were indicated by a crown of laurel, with the fruit. The leaves and tree yield an aromatic oil, used to flavor the bay water of commerce.</note>

<note>&hand; The name is extended to other plants which in some respect resemble the true laurel. See Phrases, below.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A crown of laurel; hence, honor; distinction; fame; -- especially in the plural; <as>as, to win <ex>laurels</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An English gold coin made in 1619, and so called because the king's head on it was crowned with laurel.</def>

<cs><col>Laurel water</col>, <cd>water distilled from the fresh leaves of the cherry laurel, and containing prussic acid and other products carried over in the process.</cd></cs>

<cs><mcol><col>American laurel</col>, &or; <col>Mountain laurel</col></mcol>, <cd><spn>Kalmia latifolia</spn>. See under <er>Mountain</er>.</cd> -- <col>California laurel</col>, <cd><spn>Umbellularia Californica</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Cherry laurel</col> <cd>(in England called <altname>laurel</altname>). See under <er>Cherry</er>.</cd> -- <col>Great laurel</col>, <cd>the rosebay (<spn>Rhododendron maximum</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Ground laurel</col>, <cd>trailing arbutus.</cd> -- <col>New Zealand laurel</col>, <cd><spn>Laurelia Nov\'91 Zelandi\'91</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Portugal laurel</col>, <cd>the <spn>Prunus Lusitanica</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Rose laurel</col>, <cd>the oleander. See <er>Oleander</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sheep laurel</col>, <cd>a poisonous shrub, <spn>Kalmia angustifolia</spn>, smaller than the mountain laurel, and with smaller and redder flowers.</cd> -- <col>Spurge laurel</col>, <cd><spn>Daphne Laureola</spn>.</cd> -- <col>West Indian laurel</col>, <cd><spn>Prunus occidentalis</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Laureled</h1>
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<hw>Lau"reled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Crowned with laurel, or with a laurel wreath; laureate.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>laurelled</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Laurentian</h1>
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<hw>Lau*ren"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or near, the St. Lawrence River; <as>as, the <ex>Laurentian</ex> hills</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Laurentian period</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the lower of the two divisions of the Arch\'91an age; -- called also <altname>the Laurentian</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Laurer</h1>
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<hw>Lau"rer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Laurel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Laurestine</h1>
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<hw>Lau"res*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>lautus tinus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>laurus</ets> the laurel + <ets>tinus</ets> laurestine. See <er>Laurel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The <spn>Viburnum Tinus</spn>, an evergreen shrub or tree of the south of Europe, which flowers during the winter mouths.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>laurustine</asp> and <asp>laurestina</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Lauric</h1>
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<hw>Lau"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the European bay or laurel (<spn>Laurus nobilis</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>Lauric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white, crystalline substance, <chform>C12H24O2</chform>, resembling palmitic acid, and obtained from the fruit of the bay tree, and other sources.</cd></cs>
<-- CH3(CH2)10COOH = dodecanoic acid, laurostearic acid, dodecoic acid.
 Obtained from various vegetable sources.  Sodium salt used as a detergent. -->

<h1>Lauriferous</h1>
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<hw>Lau*rif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>laurifer</ets>; <ets>laurus + ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Producing, or bringing, laurel.</def>

<h1>Laurin</h1>
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<hw>Lau"rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>laurine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline substance extracted from the fruit of the bay (<spn>Laurus nobilis</spn>), and consisting of a complex mixture of glycerin ethers of several organic acids.</def>

<h1>Laurinol</h1>
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<hw>Lau"ri*nol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Laurin</ets> + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Ordinary camphor; -- so called in allusion to the family name (<spn>Laurace\'91</spn>) of the camphor trees. See <er>Camphor</er>.</def>

<h1>Lauriol</h1>
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<hw>Lau"ri*ol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Spurge laurel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Laurite</h1>
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<hw>Lau"rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A rare sulphide of osmium and ruthenium found with platinum in Borneo and Oregon.</def>

<h1>Laurone</h1>
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<hw>Lau"rone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lauric</ets> + <ets>-one</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The ketone of lauric acid.</def>

<h1>Laurus</h1>
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<hw>Lau"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., laurel.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees including, according to modern authors, only the true laurel (<spn>Laurus nobilis</spn>), and the larger <spn>L. Canariensis</spn> of Madeira and the Canary Islands. Formerly the sassafras, the camphor tree, the cinnamon tree, and several other aromatic trees and shrubs, were also referred to the genus <spn>Laurus</spn>.</def>

<h1>Laus</h1>
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<hw>Laus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Loose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lava</h1>
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<hw>La"va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>lava</ets> lava, orig. in Naples, a torrent of rain overflowing the streets, fr. It. & L. <ets>lavare</ets> to wash. See <er>Lave</er>.]</ety> <def>The melted rock ejected by a volcano from its top or fissured sides. It flows out in streams sometimes miles in length. It also issues from fissures in the earth's surface, and forms beds covering many square miles, as in the Northwestern United States.</def>

<note>&hand; Lavas are classed, according to their structure, as scoriaceous or cellular, glassy, stony, etc., and according to the material of which they consist, as doleritic, trachytic, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Lava millstone</col>, <cd>a hard and coarse basaltic millstone from the neighborhood of the Rhine.</cd> -- <col>Lava ware</col>, <cd>a kind of cheap pottery made of iron slag cast into tiles, urns, table tops, etc., resembling lava in appearance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lavaret</h1>
<Xpage=834>

<hw>Lav"a*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European whitefish (<spn>Coregonus laveretus</spn>), found in the mountain lakes of Sweden, Germany, and Switzerland.</def>

<hr>
<page="835">
Page 835<p>

<h1>Lavatic</h1>
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<hw>La*vat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like lava, or composed of lava; lavic.</def>

<h1>Lavation</h1>
<Xpage=835>

<hw>La*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lavatio</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>lavation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A washing or cleansing.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<h1>Lavatory</h1>
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<hw>Lav"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Washing, or cleansing by washing.</def>

<h1>Lavatory</h1>
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<hw>Lav"a*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lavatories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>lavatorium</ets>: cf. <ets>lavatoire</ets>. See <er>Lave</er> to wash, and cf. <er>Laver</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place for washing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A basin or other vessel for washing in.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A wash or lotion for a diseased part.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A place where gold is obtained by washing.</def>

<-- 5. a room containing one or more sinks for washing, as well as one or more toilets (fixtures).  also bathroom, toilet, and sometimes commode.  Commode may refer to a room with a toilet (fixture) but without a sink.  Toilet may refer to a small room with only a toilet fixture. -->

<h1>Lavature</h1>
<Xpage=835>

<hw>Lav"a*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wash or lotion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lave</h1>
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<hw>Lave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Laved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Laving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>laver</ets>, L. <ets>lavare</ets>, akin to <ets>luere</ets> to wash, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Ablution</er>, <er>Deluge</er>, <er>Lavender</er>, <er>Lava</er>, <er>Lotion</er>.]</ety> <def>To wash; to bathe; <as>as, to <ex>lave</ex> a bruise</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His feet the foremost breakers <b>lave</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lave</h1>
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<hw>Lave</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To bathe; to wash one's self.</def>

<blockquote>In her chaste current oft the goddess <b>laves</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lave</h1>
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<hw>Lave</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>laven</ets>. See <er>Lavish</er>.]</ety> <def>To lade, dip, or pour out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Lave</h1>
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<hw>Lave</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>l\'bef</ets> the remainder, what is left. <?/. See <er>Leave</er>.]</ety> <def>The remainder; others.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Lave-eared</h1>
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<hw>Lave"-eared`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>llaf</ets> that extends round, <ets>llipa</ets> flaccid, flapping, G. <ets>lapp</ets> flabby, <ets>lappohr</ets> flap ear.]</ety> <def>Having large, pendent ears.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Laveer</h1>
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<hw>La*veer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>laveren</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To beat against the wind; to tack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Lavement</h1>
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<hw>Lave"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lavement</ets>, fr. <ets>laver</ets> to wash.]</ety> <def>A washing or bathing; also, a clyster.</def>

<h1>Lavender</h1>
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<hw>Lav"en*der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lavendre</ets>, F. <ets>lavande</ets>, It. <ets>lavanda</ets> lavender, a washing, fr. L. <ets>lavare</ets> to wash; cf. It. <ets>lsavendola</ets>, LL. <ets>lavendula</ets>. So called because it was used in bathing and washing. See <er>Lave</er>. to wash, and cf. <er>Lavender</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An aromatic plant of the genus <spn>Lavandula</spn> (<spn>L. vera</spn>), common in the south of Europe. It yields and oil used in medicine and perfumery. The <spn>Spike lavender</spn> (<spn>L. Spica</spn>) yields a coarser oil (oil of spike), used in the arts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The pale, purplish color of lavender flowers, paler and more delicate than lilac.</def>

<cs><col>Lavender cotton</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a low, twiggy, aromatic shrub (<spn>Santolina Cham\'91cyparissus</spn>) of the Mediterranean region, formerly used as a vermifuge, etc., and still used to keep moths from wardrobes. Also called <altname>ground cypress</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Lavender water</col>, <cd>a perfume composed of alcohol, essential oil of lavender, essential oil of bergamot, and essence of ambergris.</cd> -- <col>Sea lavender</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Marsh rosemary</er>.</cd> -- <col>To lay in lavender</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To lay away, as clothing, with sprigs of lavender</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To pawn. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Laver</h1>
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<hw>Lav"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lavour</ets>, F. <ets>lavoir</ets>, L. <ets>lavatorium</ets> a washing place. See <er>Lavatory</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A vessel for washing; a large basin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Script. Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A large brazen vessel placed in the court of the Jewish tabernacle where the officiating priests washed their hands and feet.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of several vessels in Solomon's Temple in which the offerings for burnt sacrifices were washed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which washes or cleanses.</def>

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<h1>Laver</h1>
<Xpage=835>

<hw>Lav"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lave</er> to wash.]</ety> <def>One who laves; a washer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Laver</h1>
<Xpage=835>

<hw>La"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The fronds of certain marine alg\'91 used as food, and for making a sauce called laver sauce. Green <i>laver</i> is the <spn>Ulva latissima</spn>; purlpe <i>laver</i>, <spn>Porphyra laciniata</spn> and <spn>P. vulgaris</spn>. It is prepared by stewing, either alone or with other vegetables, and with various condiments; -- called also <altname>sloke</altname>, or <altname>sloakan</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Mountain laver</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a reddish gelatinous alga of the genus <spn>Palmella</spn>, found on the sides of mountains</cd></cs>

<h1>Laverock</h1>
<Xpage=835>

<hw>La"ver*ock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lark</er> the bird.]</ety> <def>The lark.</def> <mark>[Old Eng. & Scot.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lavrock</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Lavic</h1>
<Xpage=835>

<hw>La"vic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Lavatic</er>.</def>

<h1>Lavish</h1>
<Xpage=835>

<hw>Lav"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Akin to E. <ets>lave</ets> to lade out; cf. AS. <ets>gelafian</ets> to refresh, G. <ets>laben</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Expending or bestowing profusely; profuse; prodigal; <as>as, <ex>lavish</ex> of money; <ex>lavish</ex> of praise.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Superabundant; excessive; <as>as, <ex>lavish</ex> spirits</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Let her have needful, but not <b>lavish</b>, means.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Profuse; prodigal; wasteful; extravagant; exuberant; immoderate. See <er>Profuse</er>.</syn>

<h1>Lavish</h1>
<Xpage=835>

<hw>Lav"ish</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lavished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lavishing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To expend or bestow with profusion; to use with prodigality; to squander; <as>as, to <ex>lavish</ex> money or praise</as>.</def>

<h1>Lavisher</h1>
<Xpage=835>

<hw>Lav"ish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lavishes.</def>

<h1>Lavishly</h1>
<Xpage=835>

<hw>Lav"ish*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lavish manner.</def>

<h1>Lavishment</h1>
<Xpage=835>

<hw>Lav"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of lavishing.</def>

<h1>Lavishness</h1>
<Xpage=835>

<hw>Lav"ish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being lavish.</def>

<h1>Lav</sium</h1>
<Xpage=835>

<hw>La*v<?/"si*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>Lavoisier</ets>, the celebrated French chemist.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A supposed new metallic element. It is said to have been discovered in pyrites, and some other minerals, and to be of a silver-white color, and malleable.</def>

<h1>Lavolt, Lavolta</h1>
<Xpage=835>

<hw><hw>La*volt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>La*vol"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.<ets>la volta</ets> the turn, turning, whirl. Cf. <er>Volt</er> of a horse, <er>Volta</er>.]</ety> <def>An old dance, for two persons, being a kind of waltz, in which the woman made a high spring or bound.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Lavoltateer</h1>
<Xpage=835>

<hw>La*vol`ta*teer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dancer of the lavolta.</def>

<h1>Lavour</h1>
<Xpage=835>

<hw>Lav"our</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A laver.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lavrock</h1>
<Xpage=835>

<hw>La"vrock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Laverock</er>.</def>

<h1>Law</h1>
<Xpage=835>

<hw>Law</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lawe</ets>, <ets>laghe</ets>, AS. <ets>lagu</ets>, from the root of E. <ets>lie</ets>: akin to OS. <ets>lag</ets>, Icel. <ets>l\'94g</ets>, Sw. <ets>lag</ets>, Dan. <ets>lov</ets>; cf. L. <ets>lex</ets>, E. <ets>legal</ets>. A <ets>law</ets> is that which is <ets>laid</ets>, set, or fixed; like <ets>statute</ets>, fr. L. <ets>statuere</ets> to make to stand. See <er>Lie</er> to be prostrate.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In general, a rule of being or of conduct, established by an authority able to enforce its will; a controlling regulation; the mode or order according to which an agent or a power acts.</def>

<note>&hand; A law may be universal or particular, written or unwritten, published or secret. From the nature of the highest laws a degree of permanency or stability is always implied; but the power which makes a law, or a superior power, may annul or change it.</note>

<blockquote>These are the statutes and judgments and <b>law</b>, which the Lord made.
<i>Lev. xxvi. 46.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>law</b> of thy God, and the <b>law</b> of the King.
<i>Ezra vii. 26.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As if they would confine the Interminable . . .
Who made our <b>laws</b> to bind us, not himself.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His mind his kingdom, and his will his <b>law</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In morals: The will of God as the rule for the disposition and conduct of all responsible beings toward him and toward each other; a rule of living, conformable to righteousness; the rule of action as obligatory on the conscience or moral nature.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The Jewish or Mosaic code, and that part of Scripture where it is written, in distinction from the <i>gospel</i>; hence, also, the Old Testament.</def>

<blockquote>What things soever the <b>law</b> saith, it saith to them who are under the <b>law</b> . . . But now the righteousness of God without the <b>law</b> is manifested, being witnessed by the <b>law</b> and the prophets.
<i>Rom. iii. 19, 21. </i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> In human government: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An organic rule, as a constitution or charter, establishing and defining the conditions of the existence of a state or other organized community.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any edict, decree, order, ordinance, statute, resolution, judicial, decision, usage, etc., or recognized, and enforced, by the controlling authority.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>In philosophy and physics: A rule of being, operation, or change, so certain and constant that it is conceived of as imposed by the will of God or by some controlling authority; <as>as, the <ex>law</ex> of gravitation; the <ex>laws</ex> of motion; the <ex>law</ex> heredity; the <ex>laws</ex> of thought; the <ex>laws</ex> of cause and effect; <ex>law</ex> of self-preservation.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>In matematics: The rule according to which anything, as the change of value of a variable, or the value of the terms of a series, proceeds; mode or order of sequence.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>In arts, works, games, etc.: The rules of construction, or of procedure, conforming to the conditions of success; a principle, maxim; or usage; <as>as, the <ex>laws</ex> of poetry, of architecture, of courtesy, or of whist</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Collectively, the whole body of rules relating to one subject, or emanating from one source; -- including usually the writings pertaining to them, and judicial proceedings under them; <as>as, divine <ex>law</ex>; English <ex>law</ex>; Roman <ex>law</ex>; the <ex>law</ex> of real property; insurance <ex>law</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Legal science; jurisprudence; the principles of equity; applied justice.</def>

<blockquote>Reason is the life of the <b>law</b>; nay, the common <b>law</b> itself is nothing else but reason.
<i>Coke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Law</b> is beneficence acting by rule.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And sovereign <b>Law</b>, that state's collected will
O'er thrones and globes elate,
Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill.
<i>Sir W. Jones.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Trial by the laws of the land; judicial remedy; litigation; <as>as, to go <ex>law</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>When every case in <b>law</b> is right.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He found <b>law</b> dear and left it cheap.
<i>Brougham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>An oath, as in the presence of a court. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <cref>Wager of law</cref>, under <er>Wager</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Avogadro's law</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a fundamental conception, according to which, under similar conditions of temperature and pressure, all gases and vapors contain in the same volume the same number of ultimate molecules; -- so named after <i>Avogadro<i>, an Italian scientist. Sometimes called <i>Amp\'8are's law<i>.</cd> -- <col>Bode's law</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>an approximative empirical expression of the distances of the planets from the sun, as follows: --
<table>
<row>Mer. Ven. Earth. Mars.  Aste.  Jup.  Sat.  Uran.  Nep.</row>
<row> 4    4     4     4      4      4     4      4     4</row>
<row> 0    3     6    12     24     48    96     192  384</row>
<row>--   --    --    --     --     --    --     ---  ---</row>
<row> 4    7    10    16     28     52   100     196  388</row>
<row> 5.9  7.3  10    15.2   27.4   52    95.4   192  300</row>
</table>

where each distance (line third) is the sum of 4 and a multiple of 3 by the series 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, etc., the true distances being given in the lower line.</cd> -- <col>Boyle's law</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>an expression of the fact, that when an elastic fluid is subjected to compression, and kept at a constant temperature, the product of the pressure and volume is a constant quantity, <it>i. e.<it>, the volume is inversely proportioned to the pressure; -- known also as <altname>Mariotte's law</altname>, and the <altname>law of Boyle and Mariotte</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Brehon laws</col>. <cd>See under <er>Brehon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canon law</col>, <cd>the body of ecclesiastical law adopted in the Christian Church, certain portions of which (for example, the law of marriage as existing before the Council of Tent) were brought to America by the English colonists as part of the common law of the land. <i>Wharton</i>.</cd> -- <col>Civil law</col>, <cd>a term used by writers to designate Roman law, with modifications thereof which have been made in the different countries into which that law has been introduced. The civil law, instead of the common law, prevails in the State of Louisiana. <i>Wharton</i>.</cd> -- <col>Commercial law</col>. <cd>See <cref>Law merchant</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Common law</col>. <cd>See under <er>Common</er>.</cd> -- <col>Criminal law</col>, <cd>that branch of jurisprudence which relates to crimes.</cd> -- <col>Ecclesiastical law</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ecclesiastical</er>.</cd> -- <col>Grimm's law</col> <fld>(Philol.)</fld>, <cd>a statement (propounded by the German philologist Jacob <i>Grimm<i>) of certain regular changes which the primitive Indo-European mute consonants, so-called (most plainly seen in Sanskrit and, with some changes, in Greek and Latin), have undergone in the Teutonic languages. Examples: Skr. <i>bh<i>\'betr, L. <i>f<i>rater, E. <i>b<i>rother, G. <i>b<i>ruder; L. <i>t<i>res, E. <i>th<i>ree, G. <i>dr<i>ei, Skr. <i>go<i>, E. <i>c</i>ow, G. <i>k<i>uh; Skr. <i>dh<i>\'be to put, Gr. <grk>ti-qe`-nai</grk>, E. <i>d<i>o, OHG, <i>t<i>uon, G. <i>th<i>un.</cd> -- <col>Kepler's laws</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>three important laws or expressions of the order of the planetary motions, discovered by John <i>Kepler<i>. They are these: (1) The orbit of a planet with respect to the sun is an ellipse, the sun being in one of the foci. (2) The areas swept over by a vector drawn from the sun to a planet are proportioned to the times of describing them. (3) The squares of the times of revolution of two planets are in the ratio of the cubes of their mean distances.</cd> -- <col>Law binding</col>, <cd>a plain style of leather binding, used for law books; -- called also <altname>law calf</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Law book</col>, <cd>a book containing, or treating of, laws.</cd> -- <col>Law calf</col>. <cd>See <cref>Law binding</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Law day</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Formerly, a day of holding court, esp. a court-leet.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The day named in a mortgage for the payment of the money to secure which it was given</cd>. <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Law French</col>, <cd>the dialect of Norman, which was used in judicial proceedings and law books in England from the days of William the Conqueror to the thirty-sixth year of Edward III.</cd> -- <col>Law language</col>, <cd>the language used in legal writings and forms.</cd> -- <col>Law Latin</col>. <cd>See under <er>Latin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Law lords</col>, <cd>peers in the British Parliament who have held high judicial office, or have been noted in the legal profession.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Law merchant</col>, &or; <col>Commercial law</col></mcol>, <cd>a system of rules by which trade and commerce are regulated; -- deduced from the custom of merchants, and regulated by judicial decisions, as also by enactments of legislatures.<-- now in most state superseded by the Uniform Commercial Code --></cd> -- <col>Law of Charles</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the law that the volume of a given mass of gas increases or decreases, by a definite fraction of its value for a given rise or fall of temperature; -- sometimes less correctly styled <altname>Gay Lussac's law</altname>, or <altname>Dalton's law</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Law of nations</col>. <cd>See <cref>International law</cref>, under <er>International</er>.</cd> -- <col>Law of nature</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A broad generalization expressive of the constant action, or effect, of natural conditions; <as>as, death is a <ex>law of nature<ex>; self-defense is a <ex>law of nature<ex></as>. See <er>Law</er>, 4.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A term denoting the standard, or system, of morality deducible from a study of the nature and natural relations of human beings independent of supernatural revelation or of municipal and social usages.</cd> -- <col>Law of the land</col>, <cd>due process of law; the general law of the land.</cd> -- <col>Laws of honor</col>. <cd>See under <er>Honor</er>.</cd> -- <col>Laws of motion</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>three laws defined by Sir Isaac Newton: (1) Every body perseveres in its state of rest or of moving uniformly in a straight line, except so far as it is made to change that state by external force. (2) Change of motion is proportional to the impressed force, and takes place in the direction in which the force is impressed. (3) Reaction is always equal and opposite to action, that is to say, the actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal and in opposite directions.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Marine law</col>, &or; <col>Maritime law</col></mcol>, <cd>the law of the sea; a branch of the law merchant relating to the affairs of the sea, such as seamen, ships, shipping, navigation, and the like.</cd> <i>Bouvier</i>. -- <col>Mariotte's law</col>. <cd>See <cref>Boyle's law</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Martial law</col>.<cd>See under <er>Martial</er>.</cd> -- <col>Military law</col>, <cd>a branch of the general municipal law, consisting of rules ordained for the government of the military force of a state in peace and war, and administered in courts martial. <i>Kent. Warren's Blackstone</i>.</cd> -- <col>Moral law</col>,<cd>the law of duty as regards what is right and wrong in the sight of God; specifically, the ten commandments given by Moses. See <er>Law</er>, 2.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Mosaic</col>, &or; <col>Ceremonial</col>, <col>law</col></mcol>. <fld>(Script.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Law</er>, 3.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Municipal</col>, &or; <col>Positive</col>, <col>law</col></mcol>, <cd>a rule prescribed by the supreme power of a state, declaring some right, enforcing some duty, or prohibiting some act; -- distinguished from <i>international<i> and <i>constitutional<i> law. See <er>Law</er>, 1.</cd> -- <col>Periodic law</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Periodic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Roman law</col>, <cd>the system of principles and laws found in the codes and treatises of the lawmakers and jurists of ancient Rome, and incorporated more or less into the laws of the several European countries and colonies founded by them. See <cref>Civil law</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Statute law</col>, <cd>the law as stated in statutes or positive enactments of the legislative body.</cd> -- <col>Sumptuary law</col>. <cd>See under <er>Sumptuary</er>.</cd> -- <col>To go to law</col>, <cd>to seek a settlement of any matter by bringing it before the courts of law; to sue or prosecute some one.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To take</col>, &or; <col>have</col>, <col>the law of</col></mcol>, <cd>to bring the law to bear upon; as, <i>to take the law of<i> one's neighbor. <i>Addison</i>.</cd> -- <col>Wager of law</col>. <cd>See under <er>Wager</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Justice; equity.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Law</er>, <er>Statute</er>, <er>Common law</er>, <er>Regulation</er>, <er>Edict</er>, <er>Decree</er>. <i>Law</i> is generic, and, when used with reference to, or in connection with, the other words here considered, denotes whatever is commanded by one who has a right to require obedience. A <i>statute</i> is a particular law drawn out in form, and distinctly enacted and proclaimed. <i>Common law</i> is a rule of action founded on long usage and the decisions of courts of justice. A <i>regulation</i> is a limited and often, temporary law, intended to secure some particular end or object. An <i>edict</i> is a command or law issued by a sovereign, and is peculiar to a despotic government. A <i>decree</i> is a permanent order either of a court or of the executive government. See <er>Justice</er>.</usage>

<h1>Law</h1>
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<hw>Law</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Lawe</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Law</h1>
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<hw>Law</hw>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>La</er>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation of mild surprise.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Low]</mark>

<h1>Law-abiding</h1>
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<hw>Law"-a*bid`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abiding the law; waiting for the operation of law for the enforcement of rights; also, abiding by the law; obedient to the law; <as>as, <ex>law-abiding</ex> people</as>.</def>

<h1>Lawbreaker</h1>
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<hw>Law"break`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disobeys the law; a criminal.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Law"break`ing</wf>, <tt>n. & a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lawe</h1>
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<hw>Lawe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Lawing</er>.]</ety> <def>To cut off the claws and balls of, as of a dog's fore feet.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Lawer</h1>
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<hw>Law"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lawyer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Lawful</h1>
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<hw>Law"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Conformable to law; allowed by law; legitimate; competent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Constituted or authorized by law; rightful; <as>as, the <ex>lawful</ex> owner of lands</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Lawful age</col>, <cd>the age when the law recognizes one's right of independent action; majority; -- generally the age of twenty-one years.</cd></cs><-- = legal age -->

<note>&hand; In some of the States, and for some purposes, a woman attains <i>lawful age</i> at eighteen. <i>Abbott.</i></note>

<syn>Syn. -- Legal; constitutional; allowable; regular; rightful.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Lawful</er>, <er>Legal</er>. <i>Lawful</i> means conformable to the principle, spirit, or essence of the law, and is applicable to moral as well as juridical law. <i>Legal</i> means conformable to the letter or rules of the law as it is administered in the courts; conformable to juridical law. <i>Legal</i> is often used as antithetical to <i>equitable</i>, but <i>lawful</i> is seldom used in that sense.</usage>

-- <wordforms><wf>Law"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Law"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lawgiver</h1>
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<hw>Law"giv`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes or enacts a law or system of laws; a legislator.</def>

<h1>Lawgiving</h1>
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<hw>Law"giv`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Enacting laws; legislative.</def>

<h1>Lawing</h1>
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<hw>Law"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Going to law; litigation.</def>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Lawing</h1>
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<hw>Law"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called because done in compliance with an English forest <ets>law</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expeditation.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Lawless</h1>
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<hw>Law"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Contrary to, or unauthorized by, law; illegal; <as>as, a <ex>lawless</ex> claim</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He needs no indirect nor <b>lawless</b> course.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not subject to, or restrained by, the law of morality or of society; <as>as, <ex>lawless</ex> men or behavior</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not subject to the laws of nature; uncontrolled.</def>

<blockquote>Or, meteorlike, flame <b>lawless</b> through the void.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Law"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Law"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lawmaker</h1>
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<hw>Law"mak`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A legislator; a lawgiver.</def>

<hr>
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Page 836<p>

<h1>Lammaking</h1>
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<hw>Lam"mak`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Enacting laws; legislative.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The enacting of laws; legislation.</def></def2>

<h1>Lawmonger</h1>
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<hw>Law"mon`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A trader in law; one who practices law as if it were a trade.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Lawn</h1>
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<hw>Lawn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>laund</ets>, <ets>launde</ets>, F. <ets>lande</ets> heath, moor; of Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets>llan</ets> an open, clear place, <ets>llawnt</ets> a smooth rising hill, lawn, Armor. <ets>lann</ets> or <ets>lan</ets> territory, country, <ets>lann</ets> a prickly plant, pl. <ets>lannou</ets> heath, moor.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An open space between woods.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>"Orchard <b>lawns</b> and bowery hollows."
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ground (generally in front of or around a house) covered with grass kept closely mown.</def>

<cs><col>Lawn mower</col>, <cd>a machine for clipping the short grass of lawns.</cd> -- <col>Lawn tennis</col>, <cd>a variety of the game of tennis, played in the open air, sometimes upon a lawn, instead of in a tennis court. See <er>Tennis</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lawm</h1>
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<hw>Lawm</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Earlier <ets>laune lynen</ets>, i. e., <ets>lawn linen</ets>; prob. from the town <ets>Laon</ets> in France.]</ety> <def>A very fine linen (or sometimes cotton) fabric with a rather open texture. Lawn is used for the sleeves of a bishop's official dress in the English Church, and, figuratively, stands for the office itself.</def>

<blockquote>A saint in crape is twice in <b>lawn</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lawnd</h1>
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<hw>Lawnd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Laund</er>.</def>

<h1>Lawny</h1>
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<hw>Lawn"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a lawn; characterized by a lawn or by lawns; like a lawn.</def>

<blockquote>Musing through the <b>lawny</b> park.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lawny</h1>
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<hw>Lawn"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of lawn or fine linen.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Lawsonia</h1>
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<hw>Law*so"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An Asiatic and North African shrub (<spn>Lawsonia inermis</spn>), with smooth oval leaves, and fragrant white flowers. Henna is prepared from the leaves and twigs. In England the shrub is called <altname>Egyptian privet</altname>, and in the West Indies, <altname>Jamaica mignonette</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lawsuit</h1>
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<hw>Law"suit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An action at law; a suit in equity or admiralty; any legal proceeding before a court for the enforcement of a claim.</def>

<h1>Lawyer</h1>
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<hw>Law"yer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Law</er>, like <ets>bowyer</ets>, fr.<ets>bow</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One versed in the laws, or a practitioner of law; one whose profession is to conduct lawsuits for clients, or to advise as to prosecution or defence of lawsuits, or as to legal rights and obligations in other matters. It is a general term, comprehending attorneys, counselors, solicitors, barristers, sergeants, and advocates.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The black-necked stilt. See <er>Stilt</er>. </def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The bowfin (<spn>Amia calva</spn>).</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The burbot (<spn>Lota maculosa</spn>).</def>

<h1>Lawyerlike, Lawyerly</h1>
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<hw><hw>Law"yer*like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Law"yer*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like, or becoming, a lawyer; <as>as, <ex>lawyerlike</ex> sagacity</as>.</def> "<i>Lawyerly</i> mooting of this point."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Lax</h1>
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<hw>Lax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Laxer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Laxest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>laxus</ets> Cf. <er>Laches</er>, <er>Languish</er>, <er>Lease</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Leash</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not tense, firm, or rigid; loose; slack; <as>as, a <ex>lax</ex> bandage; <ex>lax</ex> fiber.</as></def>

<blockquote>The flesh of that sort of fish being <b>lax</b> and spongy.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not strict or stringent; not exact; loose; weak; vague; equivocal.</def>

<blockquote>The discipline was <b>lax</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Society at that epoch was lenient, if not <b>lax</b>, in matters of the passions.
<i>J. A. Symonds.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The word "\'91ternus" itself is sometimes of a <b>lax</b> signification.
<i>Jortin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having a looseness of the bowels; diarrheal.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Loose; slack; vague; unconfined; unrestrained; dissolute; licentious.</syn>

<h1>Lax</h1>
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<hw>Lax</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A looseness; diarrhea.</def>

<h1>Laxation</h1>
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<hw>Lax*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>laxatio</ets>, fr. <ets>laxare</ets> to loosen, fr. <ets>laxus</ets> loose, slack.]</ety> <def>The act of loosening or slackening, or the state of being loosened or slackened.</def>

<h1>Laxative</h1>
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<hw>Lax"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>laxativus</ets> mitigating, assuaging: cf. F. <ets>laxatif</ets>. See <er>Lax</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a tendency to loosen or relax.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having the effect of loosening or opening the intestines, and relieving from constipation; -- opposed to <i>astringent</i>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A laxative medicine. See the Note under <er>Cathartic</er>.</def></def2>

<h1>Laxativeness</h1>
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<hw>Lax"a*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being laxative.</def>

<h1>Laxator</h1>
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<hw>Lax*a"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>laxare</ets>, <ets>laxatum</ets>, to loosen.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>That which loosens; -- esp., a muscle which by its contraction loosens some part.</def>

<h1>Laxi-ty</h1>
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<hw>Lax"i-ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>laxitas</ets>, fr. <ets>laxus</ets> loose, slack: cf. F. <ets>laxit\'82</ets>, See <er>Lax</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being lax; want of tenseness, strictness, or exactness.</def>

<h1>Laxly</h1>
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<hw>Lax"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lax manner.</def>

<h1>Laxness</h1>
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<hw>Lax"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being lax; laxity.</def>

<h1>Lay</h1>
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<hw>Lay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Lie</er>, to recline.</def>

<h1>Lay</h1>
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<hw>Lay</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lai</ets>, L. <ets>laicus</ets>, Gr. <?/ of or from the people, lay, from <?/, <?/, people. Cf. <er>Laic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the laity, as distinct from the clergy; <as>as, a <ex>lay</ex> person; a <ex>lay</ex> preacher; a <ex>lay</ex> brother.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not educated or cultivated; ignorant.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not belonging to, or emanating from, a particular profession; unprofessional; <as>as, a <ex>lay</ex> opinion regarding the nature of a disease</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Lay baptism</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>baptism administered by a lay person. <i>F. G. Lee</i>.</cd> -- <col>Lay brother</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>one received into a convent of monks under the three vows, but not in holy orders.</cd> -- <col>Lay clerk</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>a layman who leads the responses of the congregation, etc., in the church service. <i>Hook</i>.</cd> -- <col>Lay days</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>time allowed in a charter party for taking in and discharging cargo. <i>McElrath</i>.</cd> -- <col>Lay elder</col>. <cd>See 2d <er>Elder</er>, 3, note.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lay</h1>
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<hw>Lay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The laity; the common people.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The learned have no more privilege than the <b>lay</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lay</h1>
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<hw>Lay</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A meadow. See <er>Lea</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Lay</h1>
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<hw>Lay</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.<ets>lei</ets> faith, law, F. <ets>loi</ets> law. See <er>Legal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Faith; creed; religious profession.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Of the sect to which that he was born
He kept his <b>lay</b>, to which that he was sworn.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A law.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Many goodly <i>lays</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An obligation; a vow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They bound themselves by a sacred <b>lay</b> and oath.
<i> Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lay</h1>
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<hw>Lay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>lai</ets>, <ets>lais</ets>, prob. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. <ets>laoi</ets>, <ets>laoidh</ets>, song, poem, OIr.<ets>laoidh</ets> poem, verse; but cf. also AS. <ets>l\'bec</ets> play, sport, G. <ets>leich</ets> a sort of poem (cf. <er>Lake</er> to sport). <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A song; a simple lyrical poem; a ballad.</def>

<i>Spenser. Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A melody; any musical utterance.</def>

<blockquote>The throstle cock made eke his <b>lay</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lay</h1>
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<hw>Lay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Laid</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Laying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>leggen</ets>, AS. <ets>lecgan</ets>, causative, fr. <ets>licgan</ets> to lie; akin to D.<ets>leggen</ets>, G. <ets>legen</ets>, Icel. <ets>leggja</ets>, Goth. <ets>lagjan</ets>. See <er>Lie</er> to be prostrate.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to lie down, to be prostrate, or to lie against something; to put or set down; to deposit; <as>as, to <ex>lay</ex> a book on the table; to <ex>lay</ex> a body in the grave; a shower <ex>lays</ex> the dust.</as></def>

<blockquote>A stone was brought, and <b>laid</b> upon the mouth of the den.
<i>Dan. vi. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Soft on the flowery herb I found me <b>laid</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place in position; to establish firmly; to arrange with regularity; to dispose in ranks or tiers; <as>as, to <ex>lay</ex> a corner stone; to <ex>lay</ex> bricks in a wall; to <ex>lay</ex> the covers on a table.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To prepare; to make ready; to contrive; to provide; <as>as, to <ex>lay</ex> a snare, an ambush, or a plan</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To spread on a surface; <as>as, to <ex>lay</ex> plaster or paint</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To cause to be still; to calm; to allay; to suppress; to exorcise, as an evil spirit.</def>

<blockquote>After a tempest when the winds are <b>laid</b>.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To cause to lie dead or dying.</def>

<blockquote>Brave C\'91neus <b>laid</b> Ortygius on the plain,
The victor C\'91neus was by Turnus slain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To deposit, as a wager; to stake; to risk.</def>

<blockquote>I dare <b>lay</b> mine honor
He will remain so.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To bring forth and deposit; <as>as, to <ex>lay</ex> eggs</as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To apply; to put.</def>

<blockquote>She <b>layeth</b> her hands to the spindle.
<i>Prov. xxxi. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To impose, as a burden, suffering, or punishment; to assess, as a tax; <as>as, to <ex>lay</ex> a tax on land</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord hath <b>laid</b> on him the iniquity of us all.
<i>Is. Iiii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>To impute; to charge; to allege.</def>

<blockquote>God <b>layeth</b> not folly to them.
<i>Job xxiv. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Lay</b> the fault on us.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>To impose, as a command or a duty; <as>as, to <ex>lay</ex> commands on one</as>.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>To present or offer; <as>as, to <ex>lay</ex> an indictment in a particular county; to <ex>lay</ex> a scheme before one.</as></def>

<p><b>14.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To state; to allege; <as>as, to <ex>lay</ex> the venue</as>.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<p><b>15.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To point; to aim; <as>as, to <ex>lay</ex> a gun</as>.</def>

<p><b>16.</b> <fld>(Rope Making)</fld> <def>To put the strands of (a rope, a cable, etc.) in their proper places and twist or unite them; <as>as, to <ex>lay</ex> a cable or rope</as>.</def>

<p><b>17.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To place and arrange (pages) for a form upon the imposing stone.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To place (new type) properly in the cases.</def>

<cs><col>To lay asleep</col>, <cd>to put sleep; to make unobservant or careless. <i>Bacon</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lay bare</col>, <cd>to make bare; to strip.</cd>

<blockquote>And <b>laid</b> those proud <b>roofs bare</b> to summer's rain.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To lay before</col>, <cd>to present to; to submit for consideration; <as>as, the papers are <ex>laid before</ex> Congress</as>.</cd> -- <col>To lay by</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To save.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To discard</cd>.

<blockquote>Let brave spirits . . . not be <b>laid by</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To lay by the heels</col>, <cd>to put in the stocks. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lay down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To stake as a wager.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To yield; to relinquish; to surrender; <as>as, to <ex>lay down</ex> one's life; to <ex>lay down</ex> one's arms</as></cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To assert or advance, as a proposition or principle.</cd> -- <col>To lay forth</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To extend at length; (reflexively) to exert one's self; to expatiate. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To lay out (as a corpse). <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lay hands on</col>, <cd>to seize.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To lay hands on one's self</col>, or <col>To lay violent hands on one's self</col></mcol>, <cd>to injure one's self; specif., to commit suicide.</cd> -- <col>To lay heads together</col>, <cd>to consult.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To lay hold of</col>, &or; <col>To lay hold on</col></mcol>, <cd>to seize; to catch.</cd> -- <col>To lay in</col>, <cd>to store; to provide.</cd> -- <col>To lay it on</col>, <cd>to apply without stint. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lay on</col>, <cd>to apply with force; to inflict; <as>as, <ex>to lay on</ex> blows</as>.</cd> -- <col>To lay on load</col>, <cd>to lay on blows; to strike violently. <mark>[Obs.</cd> &or; Archaic]</mark> -- <col>To lay one's self out</col>, <cd>to strive earnestly.</cd>

<blockquote>No selfish man will be concerned <b>to lay out himself</b> for the good of his country.
<i>Smalridge.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To lay one's self open to</col>, <cd>to expose one's self to, as to an accusation.</cd> -- <col>To lay open</col>, <cd>to open; to uncover; to expose; to reveal.</cd> -- <col>To lay over</col>, <cd>to spread over; to cover.</cd> -- <col>To lay out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To expend. <i>Macaulay</i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To display; to discover</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To plan in detail; to arrange; as, <i>to lay out</i> a garden</cd>. <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To prepare for burial; <as>as, <ex>to lay out</ex> a corpse</as></cd>. <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To exert; <as>as, <ex>to lay out</ex> all one's strength</as>.</cd> -- <col>To lay siege to</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To besiege; to encompass with an army.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To beset pertinaciously.</cd> -- <col>To lay the course</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to sail toward the port intended without jibing.</cd> -- <col>To lay the land</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to cause it to disappear below the horizon, by sailing away from it.</cd> -- <col>To lay to</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To charge upon; to impute.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To apply with vigor</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To attack or harass</cd>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Knolles</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To check the motion of (a vessel) and cause it to be stationary.</cd> -- <col>To lay to heart</col>, <cd>to feel deeply; to consider earnestly.</cd> -- <col>To lay under</col>, <cd>to subject to; <as>as, <ex>to lay under</ex> obligation or restraint</as>.</cd> -- <col>To lay unto</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Same as <cref>To lay to</cref> (above).</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To put before</cd>. <i>Hos. xi. 4</i>. -- <col>To lay up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To store; to reposit for future use.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To confine; to disable</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To dismantle, and retire from active service, as a ship.</cd> -- <col>To lay wait for</col>, <cd>to lie in ambush for.</cd> -- <col>To lay waste</col>, <cd>to destroy; to make desolate; <as>as, <ex>to lay waste</ex> the land</as>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Put</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and the Note under 4th <er>Lie</er>.</syn>

<h1>Lay</h1>
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<hw>Lay</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To produce and deposit eggs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To take a position; to come or go; <as>as, to <ex>lay</ex> forward; to <ex>lay</ex> aloft.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lay a wager; to bet.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To lay about</col>, &or; <col>To lay about one</col></mcol>, <cd>to strike vigorously in all directions. <i>J. H. Newman</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lay at</col>, <cd>to strike or strike at. <i>Spenser</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lay for</col>, <cd>to prepare to capture or assault; to lay wait for. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <i>Bp Hall</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lay in for</col>, <cd>to make overtures for; to engage or secure the possession of. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "I have <i>laid in for<i> these." <i>Dryden</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To lay on</col>, <cd>to strike; to beat; to attack. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lay out</col>, <cd>to purpose; to plan; <as>as, he <ex>lays out<ex> to make a journey</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lay</h1>
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<hw>Lay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which lies or is laid or is conceived of as having been laid or placed in its position; a row; a stratum; a layer; <as>as, a <ex>lay</ex> of stone or wood</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>A viol should have a <b>lay</b> of wire strings below.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The <i>lay</i> of a rope is right-handed or left-handed according to the hemp or strands are laid up. See <er>Lay</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 16. The <i>lay</i> of land is its topographical situation, esp. its slope and its surface features.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wager.</def> "My fortunes against any <i>lay</i> worth naming."

<p><b>3.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A job, price, or profit.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <i>Wright</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def> A share of the proceeds or profits of an enterprise; <as>as, when a man ships for a whaling voyage, he agrees for a certain <ex>lay</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Textile Manuf.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A measure of yarn; a les. See 1st <er>Lea</er></def> <sd>(a)</sd>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The lathe of a loom. See <er>Lathe</er>, 8.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A plan; a scheme.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<cs><col>Lay figure</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A jointed model of the human body that may be put in any attitude; -- used for showing the disposition of drapery, etc.</cd>  <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A mere puppet; one who serves the will of others without independent volition.</cd> -- <col>Lay race</col>, <cd>that part of a lay on which the shuttle travels in weaving; -- called also <altname>shuttle race</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Layer</h1>
<Xpage=836>

<hw>Lay"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lay</er> to cause to lie flat.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, lays.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Prob. a corruption of <ets>lair</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which is laid; a stratum; a bed; one thickness, course, or fold laid over another; <as>as, a <ex>layer</ex> of clay or of sand in the earth; a <ex>layer</ex> of bricks, or of plaster; the <ex>layers</ex> of an onion.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A shoot or twig of a plant, not detached from the stock, laid under ground for growth or propagation.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An artificial oyster bed.</def>

<h1>Layering</h1>
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<hw>Lay"er*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A propagating by layers.</def>

<i>Gardner.</i>

<h1>Laying</h1>
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<hw>Lay"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who, or that which, lays.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or period of laying eggs; the eggs laid for one incubation; a clutch.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The first coat on laths of plasterer's two-coat work.</def>

<h1>Layland</h1>
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<hw>Lay"land`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lay</ets> a meadow + <ets>land</ets>.]</ety> <def>Land lying untilled; fallow ground.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Layman</h1>
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<hw>Lay"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Laymen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[<ets>Lay</ets>, <ets>adj</ets>. + <ets>man</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the people, in distinction from the clergy; one of the laity; sometimes, a man not belonging to some particular profession, in distinction from those who do.</def><-- used esp. by physicians of those w/o medical training -->

<blockquote>Being a <b>layman</b>, I ought not to have concerned myself with speculations which belong to the profession.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lay figure. See under <er>Lay</er>, <tt>n.</tt> (above).</def>

<i>Dryden</i>

<h1>Layner</h1>
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<hw>Lay"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[See <er>Lanier</er>.]</ety> <def>A whiplash.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Layship</h1>
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<hw>Lay"ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being a layman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Laystall</h1>
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<hw>Lay"stall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place where rubbish, dung, etc., are laid or deposited.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<blockquote>Smithfield was a <b>laystall</b> of all ordure and filth.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place where milch cows are kept, or cattle on the way to market are lodged.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lazar</h1>
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<hw>La"zar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>lazare</ets>, fr. <ets>Lazarus</ets> the beggar. <ets>Luke xvi</ets>. <ets>20</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person infected with a filthy or pestilential disease; a leper.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Like loathsome <b>lazars</b>, by the hedges lay.
<i> Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Lazar house</col> <cd>a lazaretto; also, a hospital for quarantine.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lazaret, Lazaretto</h1>
<Xpage=836>

<hw><hw>Laz`a*ret"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Laz`a*ret"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lazaret</ets>, or It. <ets>lazzeretto</ets>, fr. <ets>Lazarus</ets>. See <er>Lazar</er>.]</ety> <def>A public building, hospital, or pesthouse for the reception of diseased persons, particularly those affected with contagious diseases.</def>

<h1>Lazarist, Lazarite</h1>
<Xpage=836>

<hw><hw>Laz"a*rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Laz"a*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>One of the Congregation of the Priests of the Mission, a religious institute founded by Vincent de Paul in 1624, and popularly called Lazarists or Lazarites from the College of St. Lazare in Paris, which was occupied by them until 1792.</def>

<h1>Lazarlike, Lazarly</h1>
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<hw><hw>La"zar*like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>La"zar*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of sores; leprous.</def>

<i>Shak. Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Lazaroni</h1>
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<hw>Laz`a*ro"ni</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Lazzaroni</er>.</def>

<h1>Lazarwort</h1>
<Xpage=836>

<hw>La"zar*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Laserwort.</def>

<h1>Laze</h1>
<Xpage=836>

<hw>Laze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lazed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lazing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Lazy</er>.]</ety> <def>To be lazy or idle.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i> Middleton.</i>

<h1>Laze</h1>
<Xpage=836>

<hw>Laze</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To waste in sloth; to spend, as time, in idleness; <as>as, to <ex>laze</ex> away whole days</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Lazily</h1>
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<hw>La"zi*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lazy manner.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Laziness</h1>
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<hw>La"zi*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being lazy.</def>

<blockquote><b>Laziness</b> travels so slowly, that Poverty soon overtakes him.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lazuli</h1>
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<hw>Laz"u*li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[F. & NL. <ets>lapis lazuli</ets>, LL. <ets>lazulus</ets>, <ets>lazurius</ets>, <ets>lazur</ets> from the same Oriental source as E. <ets>azure</ets>. See <er>Azure</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a fine azure-blue color, usually in small rounded masses. It is essentially a silicate of alumina, lime, and soda, with some sodium sulphide, is often marked by yellow spots or veins of sulphide of iron, and is much valued for ornamental work. Called also <altname>lapis lazuli</altname>, and <altname>Armenian stone</altname>.</def>
<-- and lapis. -->

<h1>Lazulite</h1>
<Xpage=836>

<hw>Laz"u*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>lazuli</ets> : cf. F. <ets>lazulite</ets>, G. <ets>lazulith</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a light indigo-blue color, occurring in small masses, or in monoclinic crystals; blue spar. It is a hydrous phosphate of alumina and magnesia.</def>

<h1>Lazy</h1>
<Xpage=836>

<hw>La"zy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Lazier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Laziest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>lasie</ets>, <ets>laesic</ets>, of uncertain origin; cf. F. <ets>las</ets> tired, L. <ets>lassus</ets>, akin to E. <ets>late</ets>; or cf. LG. <ets>losig</ets>, <ets>lesig</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Disinclined to action or exertion; averse to labor; idle; shirking work.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inactive; slothful; slow; sluggish; <as>as, a <ex>lazy</ex> stream</as>.</def> "The night owl's <i>lazy</i> flight."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Wicked; vicious.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<hr>
<page="837">
Page 837<p>

<cs><col>Lazy tongs</col>, <cd>a system of jointed bars capable of great extension, originally made for picking up something at a distance, now variously applied in machinery.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Idle; indolent; sluggish; slothful. See <er>Idle</er>.</syn>

<h1>Lazyback</h1>
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<hw>La"zy*back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A support for the back, attached to the seat of a carriage.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Lazybones</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>La"zy*bones`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lazy person.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Lazzaroni</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Laz`za*ro"ni</hw> <tt>(?; It. <?/)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>lazzarone</ets>, pl. <ets>lazzaroni</ets>.]</ety> <def>The homeless idlers of Naples who live by chance work or begging; -- so called from the Hospital of St. Lazarus, which serves as their refuge.</def> <altsp>[Written also, but improperly, <asp>lazaroni</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Lea</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Lea</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Lay</er>, <er>n</er>. (that which is laid), 4.]</ety> <fld>(Textile Manuf.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A measure of yarn; for linen, 300 yards; for cotton, 120 yards; a lay.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A set of warp threads carried by a loop of the heddle.</def>

<h1>Lea</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Lea</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ley</ets>, <ets>lay</ets>, As. <ets>le\'a0h</ets>, <ets>le\'a0</ets>; akin to Prov. G. <ets>lon</ets> bog, morass, grove, and perh. to L. <ets>lucus</ets> grove, E. <ets>light</ets>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A meadow or sward land; a grassy field.</def> "Plow-torn <i>leas</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the <b>lea</b>.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Leach</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Leach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See 3d <er>Leech</er>.</def>

<h1>Leach</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Leach</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>letch</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Cf. As. <ets>le\'a0h</ets> lye, G. <ets>lauge</ets>. See <er>Lye</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A quantity of wood ashes, through which water passes, and thus imbibes the alkali.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tub or vat for leaching ashes, bark, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Leach tub</col>, <cd>a wooden tub in which ashes are leached.</cd></cs>

<h1>Leach</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Leach</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Leached</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Leaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Written also <ets>leech</ets> and <ets>letch</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To remove the soluble constituents from by subjecting to the action of percolating water or other liquid; <as>as, to <ex>leach</ex> ashes or coffee</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dissolve out; -- often used with <i>out</i>; <as>as, to <ex>leach</ex> out alkali from ashes</as>.</def>

<h1>Leach</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Leach</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To part with soluble constituents by percolation.</def>

<h1>Leach</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Leach</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Leech</er>, a physician.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Leachy</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Leach"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Permitting liquids to pass by percolation; not capable of retaining water; porous; pervious; -- said of gravelly or sandy soils, and the like.</def>

<h1>Lead</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Lead</hw> <tt>(l&ecr;d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>led</ets>, <ets>leed</ets>, <ets>lead</ets>, AS. <ets>le\'a0d</ets>; akin to D. <ets>lood</ets>, MHG. <ets>l&omac;t</ets>, G. <ets>loth</ets> plummet, sounding lead, small weight, Sw. & Dan. <ets>lod</ets>. &root;123]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the elements, a heavy, pliable, inelastic metal, having a bright, bluish color, but easily tarnished. It is both malleable and ductile, though with little tenacity, and is used for tubes, sheets, bullets, etc. Its specific gravity is 11.37. It is easily fusible, forms alloys with other metals, and is an ingredient of solder and type metal. Atomic weight, 206.4. Symbol Pb (L. <i>Plumbum</i>). It is chiefly obtained from the mineral galena, lead sulphide.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An article made of lead or an alloy of lead</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plummet or mass of lead, used in sounding at sea.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A thin strip of type metal, used to separate lines of type in printing.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Sheets or plates of lead used as a covering for roofs; hence, <pluf>pl.</pluf>, a roof covered with lead sheets or terne plates.</def>

<blockquote>I would have the tower two stories, and goodly <b>leads</b> upon the top.
<i>Bacon</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small cylinder of black lead or plumbago, used in pencils.</def>

<cs><col>Black lead</col>, <cd>graphite or plumbago, ; -- so called from its leadlike appearance and streak.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Coasting lead</col>, <cd>a sounding lead intermediate in weight between a hand lead and deep-sea lead.</cd> -- <col>Deep-sea lead</col>, <cd>the heaviest of sounding leads, used in water exceeding a hundred fathoms in depth. <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i></cd> -- <col>Hand lead</col>, <cd>a small lead use for sounding in shallow water.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Krems lead</col>, <col>Kremnitz lead</col></mcol> <ety>[so called from <ets>Krems or Kremnitz<ets>, in Austria]</ety>, <cd>a pure variety of white lead, formed into tablets, and called also <altname>Krems</altname>, or <altname>Kremnitz</altname>, <altname>white</altname>, and <altname>Vienna white</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Lead arming</col>, <cd>tallow put in the hollow of a sounding lead. See <cref>To arm the lead</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Lead colic</col>. <cd>See under <er>Colic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lead color</col>, <cd>a deep bluish gray color, like tarnished lead.</cd> -- <col>Lead glance</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Galena</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lead line</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>A dark line along the gums produced by a deposit of metallic lead, due to lead poisoning</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>A sounding line.</cd> -- <col>Lead mill</col>, <cd>a leaden polishing wheel, used by lapidaries.</cd> -- <col>Lead ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a massive sulphur-yellow oxide of lead. Same as <er>Massicot</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lead pencil</col>, <cd>a pencil of which the marking material is graphite (black lead).</cd> -- <col>Lead plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a low leguminous plant, genus <spn>Amorpha</spn> (<spn>A. canescens</spn>), found in the Northwestern United States, where its presence is supposed to indicate lead ore. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Lead tree</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A West Indian name for the tropical, leguminous tree, <spn>Leuc\'91na glauca</spn>; -- probably so called from the glaucous color of the foliage.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>Lead crystallized in arborescent forms from a solution of some lead salt, as by suspending a strip of zinc in lead acetate.</cd> -- <col>Mock lead</col>, <cd>a miner's term for blende.</cd> -- <col>Red lead</col>, <cd>a scarlet, crystalline, granular powder, consisting of minium when pure, but commonly containing several of the oxides of lead. It is used as a paint or cement and also as an ingredient of flint glass.</cd> -- <col>Red lead ore</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>crocoite.</cd> -- <col>Sugar of lead</col>, <cd>acetate of lead.</cd> -- <col>To arm the lead</col>, <cd>to fill the hollow in the bottom of a sounding lead with tallow in order to discover the nature of the bottom by the substances adhering. <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i></cd> -- <mcol><col>To</col> <col>cast, &or; heave</col>, <col>the lead</col></mcol>, <cd>to cast the sounding lead for ascertaining the depth of water.</cd> -- <col>White lead</col>, <cd>hydrated carbonate of lead, obtained as a white, amorphous powder, and much used as an ingredient of white paint.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lead</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Lead</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Leaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Leading</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover, fill, or affect with lead; <as>as, continuous firing <ex>leads</ex> the grooves of a rifle</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To place leads between the lines of; <as>as, to <ex>lead</ex> a page; <ex>leaded</ex> matter.</as></def>

<h1>Lead</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Lead</hw> <tt>(l&emac;d)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Led</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Leading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>leden</ets>, AS. <ets>l<?/dan</ets> (akin to OS. <ets>l<?/dian</ets>, D. <ets>leiden</ets>, G. <ets>leiten</ets>,Icel. <ets>le<?/<?/a</ets>, Sw. <ets>leda</ets>, Dan.<ets>lede</ets>), properly a causative fr. AS. <ets>li<?/an</ets> to go; akin to OHG. <ets>l<?/<?/a</ets>, Icel. <ets>l<?/<?/a</ets>,Goth. <ets>leipan</ets> (in comp.). Cf. <er>Lode</er>, <er>Loath</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To guide or conduct with the hand, or by means of some physical contact connection; <as>as, a father <ex>leads</ex> a child; a jockey <ex>leads</ex> a horse with a halter; a dog <ex>leads</ex> a blind man.</as></def>

<blockquote>If a blind man <b>lead</b> a blind man, both fall down in the ditch.
<i>Wyclif (Matt. xv. 14.)</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They thrust him out of the city, and <b>led</b> him unto the brow of the hill.
<i>Luke iv. 29.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In thy right hand <b>lead</b> with thee
The mountain nymph, sweet Liberty.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To guide or conduct in a certain course, or to a certain place or end, by making the way known; to show the way, esp. by going with or going in advance of. Hence, figuratively: To direct; to counsel; to instruct; <as>as, to <ex>lead</ex> a traveler; to <ex>lead</ex> a pupil.</as></def>

<blockquote>The Lord went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to <b>lead</b> them the way.
<i>Ex. xiii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>leadeth</b> me beside the still waters.
<i>Ps. xxiii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This thought might <b>lead</b> me through the world's vain mask.
Content, though blind, had I no better guide.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To conduct or direct with authority; to have direction or charge of; <as>as, to <ex>lead</ex> an army, an exploring party, or a search; to <ex>lead</ex> a political party.</as></def>

<blockquote>Christ took not upon him flesh and blood that he might conquer and rule nations, <b>lead</b> armies, or possess places.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To go or to be in advance of; to precede; hence, to be foremost or chief among; <as>as, the big sloop <ex>led</ex> the fleet of yachts; the Guards <ex>led</ex> the attack; Demosthenes <ex>leads</ex> the orators of all ages.</as></def>

<blockquote>As Hesperus, that <b>leads</b> the sun his way.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And <b>lo</b> ! Ben Adhem's name <b>led</b> all the rest.
<i>Leigh Hunt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To draw or direct by influence, whether good or bad; to prevail on; to induce; to entice; to allure; <as>as, to <ex>lead</ex> one to espouse a righteous cause</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He was driven by the necessities of the times, more than <b>led</b> by his own disposition, to any rigor of actions.
<i>Eikon Basilike.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Silly women, laden with sins,<b>led</b> away by divers lusts.
<i>2 Tim. iii. 6 (Rev. Ver.).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To guide or conduct one's self in, through, or along (a certain course); hence, to proceed in the way of; to follow the path or course of; to pass; to spend. Also, to cause (one) to proceed or follow in (a certain course).</def>

<blockquote>That we may <b>lead</b> a quiet and peaceable life.
<i>1 Tim. ii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor thou with shadowed hint confuse
A life that <b>leads</b> melodious days.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You remember . . . the life he used to <b>lead</b> his wife and daughter.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Cards & Dominoes)</fld> <def>To begin a game, round, or trick, with; <as>as, to <ex>lead</ex> trumps; the double five was <ex>led</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>To lead astray</col>, <cd>to guide in a wrong way, or into error; to seduce from truth or rectitude.</cd> -- <col>To lead captive</col>, <cd>to carry or bring into captivity.</cd> -- <col>To lead the way</col>, <cd>to show the way by going in front; to act as guide.</cd> <i>Goldsmith</i>.</cs>

<h1>Lead</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Lead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To guide or conduct, as by accompanying, going before, showing, influencing, directing with authority, etc.; to have precedence or pre\'89minence; to be first or chief; -- used in most of the senses of <i>lead</i>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To tend or reach in a certain direction, or to a certain place; <as>as, the path <ex>leads</ex> to the mill; gambling <ex>leads</ex> to other vices.</as></def>

<blockquote>The mountain foot that <b>leads</b> towards Mantua.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To lead</col> <col>off &or; out</col></mcol>, <cd>to go first; to begin.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lead</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Lead</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of leading or conducting; guidance; direction; <as>as, to take the <ex>lead</ex>; to be under the <ex>lead</ex> of another.</as></def>

<blockquote>At the time I speak of, and having a momentary <b>lead</b>, . . . <b>I am sure I did my country important service</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>precedence; advance position; also, the measure of precedence; <as>as, the white horse had the <ex>lead</ex>; <ex>a lead</ex> of a boat's length, or of half a second.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Cards & Dominoes)</fld> <def>The act or right of playing first in a game or round; the card suit, or piece, so played; <as>as, your partner has the <ex>lead</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An open way in an ice field.</def>

<i>Kane.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A lode.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The course of a rope from end to end.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>The width of port opening which is uncovered by the valve, for the admission or release of steam, at the instant when the piston is at end of its stroke.</def>

<note>&hand; When used alone it means <i>outside lead</i>, or lead for the admission of steam. <i>Inside lead</i> refers to the release or exhaust.</note>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Civil Engineering)</fld> <def>the distance of haul, as from a cutting to an embankment.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Horology)</fld> <def>The action of a tooth, as a tooth of a wheel, in impelling another tooth or a pallet.</def>

<i>Saunier.</i>

<cs><col>Lead angle</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>the angle which the crank maker with the line of centers, in approaching it, at the instant when the valve opens to admit steam.</cd> -- <col>Lead screw</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>the main longitudinal screw of a lathe, which gives the feed motion to the carriage.</cd></cs>

<h1>Leaded</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Lead"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fitted with lead; set in lead; <as>as, <ex>leaded</ex> windows</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Separated by leads, as the lines of a page.</def>

<h1>Leaden</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Lead"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made of lead; of the nature of lead; <as>as, a <ex>leaden</ex> ball</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Like lead in color, etc. ; <as>as, a <ex>leaden</ex> sky</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Heavy; dull; sluggish.</def> "<i>Leaden</i> slumber."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Leader</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Lead"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, leads or conducts; a guide; a conductor</def>. Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who goes first.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One having authority to direct; a chief; a commander.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A performer who leads a band or choir in music; also, in an orchestra, the principal violinist; the one who plays at the head of the first violins.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A block of hard wood pierced with suitable holes for leading ropes in their proper places.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The principal wheel in any kind of machinery.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark> <i>G. Francis</i>. <sd>(f)</sd> <def>A horse placed in advance of others; one of the forward pair of horses.</def>

<blockquote>He forgot to pull in his <b>leaders</b>, and they gallop away with him at times.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(g)</sd> <def>A pipe for conducting rain water from a roof to a cistern or to the ground; a conductor</def>. <sd>(h)</sd> <fld>(Fishing)</fld> <def>A net for leading fish into a pound, weir, etc. ; also, a line of gut, to which the snell of a fly hook is attached.</def> <sd>(i)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A branch or small vein, not important in itself, but indicating the proximity of a better one</def>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The first, or the principal, editorial article in a newspaper; a leading or main editorial article.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A type having a dot or short row of dots upon its face.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>a row of dots, periods, or hyphens, used in tables of contents, etc., to lead the eye across a space to the right word or number.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- chief; chieftain; commander. See <er>Chief</er>.</syn>

<h1>Leadership</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Lead"er*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a leader.</def>

<h1>Leadhillite</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Lead"hill*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a yellowish or greenish white color, consisting of the sulphate and carbonate of lead; -- so called from having been first found at <i>Leadhills</i>, Scotland.</def>

<h1>Leading</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Lead"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Guiding; directing; controlling; foremost; <as>as, a <ex>leading</ex> motive; a <ex>leading</ex> man; a <ex>leading</ex> example.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Lead"ing*ly</wf>, <ex>adv</ex>.</wordforms>

<cs><col>Leading case</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a reported decision which has come to be regarded as settling the law of the question involved.</cd> <i>Abbott</i>. -- <col>Leading motive</col> <ety>[a translation of G. <ets>leitmotif<ets>]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a guiding theme; in the modern music drama of Wagner, a marked melodic phrase or short passage which always accompanies the reappearance of a certain person, situation, abstract idea, or allusion in the course of the play; a sort of musical label.</cd> -- <col>Leading note</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the seventh note or tone in the ascending major scale; the sensible note.</cd> -- <col>Leading question</col>, <cd>a question so framed as to guide the person questioned in making his reply.</cd> -- <col>Leading strings</col>, <cd>strings by which children are supported when beginning to walk.</cd> -- <col>To be in leading strings</col>, <cd>to be in a state of infancy or dependence, or under the guidance of others.</cd> -- <col>Leading wheel</col>, <cd>a wheel situated before the driving wheels of a locomotive engine.</cd></cs>

<h1>Leading</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Lead"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of guiding, directing, governing, or enticing; guidance.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suggestion; hint; example.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Leadman</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Lead"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Leadmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who leads a dance.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Leadsman</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Leads"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Leadsmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The man who heaves the lead.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Leadwort</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Lead"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of maritime herbs (<spn>Plumbago</spn>). <spn>P. Europ\'91a</spn> has lead-colored spots on the leaves, and nearly lead-colored flowers.</def>

<h1>Leady</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Lead"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling lead.</def>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Leaf</h1>
<Xpage=837>

<hw>Leaf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Leaves</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>leef</ets>, <ets>lef</ets>, <ets>leaf</ets>, AS. <ets>le\'a0f</ets>; akin to S. <ets>l<?/f</ets>, OFries. <ets>laf</ets>, D. <ets>loof</ets> foliage, G. <ets>laub</ets>,OHG. <ets>loub</ets> leaf, foliage, Icel. <ets>lauf</ets>, Sw. <ets>l\'94f</ets>, Dan. <ets>l\'94v</ets>, Goth. <ets>laufs</ets>; cf. Lith. <ets>lapas</ets>. Cf. <er>Lodge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A colored, usually green, expansion growing from the side of a stem or rootstock, in which the sap for the use of the plant is elaborated under the influence of light; one of the parts of a plant which collectively constitute its foliage.</def>

<note>&hand; Such leaves usually consist of a blade, or <i>lamina</i> , supported upon a leafstalk or <i>petiole</i>, which, continued through the blade as the <i>midrib</i>, gives off woody <i>ribs</i> and <i>veins</i> that support the cellular texture. The petiole has usually some sort of an appendage on each side of its base, which is called the <i>stipule</i>. The green parenchyma of the leaf is covered with a thin epiderm pierced with closable microscopic openings, known as <i>stomata</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A special organ of vegetation in the form of a lateral outgrowth from the stem, whether appearing as a part of the foliage, or as a cotyledon, a scale, a bract, a spine, or a tendril.</def>

<note>&hand; In this view every part of a plant, except the root and the stem, is either a leaf, or is composed of leaves more or less modified and transformed.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Something which is like a leaf in being wide and thin and having a flat surface, or in being attached to a larger body by one edge or end; as : <sd>(a)</sd> A part of a book or folded sheet containing two pages upon its opposite sides. <sd>(b)</sd> A side, division, or part, that slides or is hinged, as of window shutters, folding doors, etc. <sd>(c)</sd> The movable side of a table. <sd>(d)</sd> A very thin plate; <as>as, gold <ex>leaf</ex></as>. <sd>(e)</sd> A portion of fat lying in a separate fold or layer. <sd>(f)</sd> One of the teeth of a pinion, especially when small.</def>

<cs><col>Leaf beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any beetle which feeds upon leaves; esp., any species of the family <spn>Chrysomelid\'91</spn>, as the potato beetle and helmet beetle.</cd> -- <col>Leaf bridge</col>, <cd>a draw-bridge having a platform or leaf which swings vertically on hinges.</cd> -- <col>Leaf bud</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a bud which develops into leaves or a leafy branch.</cd> -- <col>Leaf butterfly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any butterfly which, in the form and colors of its wings, resembles the leaves of plants upon which it rests; esp., butterflies of the genus <spn>Kallima</spn>, found in Southern Asia and the East Indies.</cd> -- <col>Leaf crumpler</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small moth (<spn>Phycis indigenella</spn>), the larva of which feeds upon leaves of the apple tree, and forms its nest by crumpling and fastening leaves together in clusters.</cd> -- <col>Leaf cutter</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>, any one of various species of wild bees of the genus <spn>Megachile</spn>, which cut rounded pieces from the edges of leaves, or the petals of flowers, to be used in the construction of their nests, which are made in holes and crevices, or in a leaf rolled up for the purpose. Among the common American species are <spn>M. brevis</spn> and <spn>M. centuncularis</spn>. Called also <altname>rose-cutting bee</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Leaf fat</col>, <cd>the fat which lies in leaves or layers within the body of an animal.</cd> -- <col>Leaf flea</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a jumping plant louse of the family <spn>Psyllid\'91</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Leaf frog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any tree frog of the genus <spn>Phyllomedusa</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Leaf green</col>.<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Chlorophyll</er>.</cd> -- <col>Leaf hopper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any small jumping hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Tettigonia</spn>, and allied genera. They live upon the leaves and twigs of plants. See <er>Live hopper</er>.</cd> -- <col>Leaf insect</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several genera and species of orthopterous insects, esp. of the genus <spn>Phyllium</spn>, in which the wings, and sometimes the legs, resemble leaves in color and form. They are common in Southern Asia and the East Indies.</cd> -- <col>Leaf lard</col>, <cd>lard from leaf fat. See under <er>Lard</er>.</cd> -- <col>Leaf louse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an aphid.</cd> -- <col>Leaf metal</col>, <cd>metal in thin leaves, as gold, silver, or tin.</cd> -- <col>Leaf miner</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of various small lepidopterous and dipterous insects, which, in the larval stages, burrow in and eat the parenchyma of leaves; <as>as, the pear-tree <ex>leaf miner<ex> (<spn>Lithocolletis geminatella</spn>)</as>.</cd> -- <col>Leaf notcher</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a pale bluish green beetle (<spn>Artipus Floridanus</spn>), which, in Florida, eats the edges of the leaves of orange trees.</cd> -- <col>Leaf roller</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of any tortricid moth which makes a nest by rolling up the leaves of plants. See <er>Tortrix</er>.</cd> -- <col>Leaf scar</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the cicatrix on a stem whence a leaf has fallen.</cd> -- <col>Leaf sewer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a tortricid moth, whose caterpillar makes a nest by rolling up a leaf and fastening the edges together with silk, as if sewn; esp., <spn>Phoxopteris nubeculana</spn>, which feeds upon the apple tree.</cd> -- <col>Leaf sight</col>, <cd>a hinges sight on a firearm, which can be raised or folded down.</cd> -- <col>Leaf trace</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>one or more fibrovascular bundles, which may be traced down an endogenous stem from the base of a leaf.</cd> -- <col>Leaf tier</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a tortricid moth whose larva makes a nest by fastening the edges of a leaf together with silk; esp., <spn>Teras cinderella</spn>, found on the apple tree.</cd> -- <col>Leaf valve</col>, <cd>a valve which moves on a hinge.</cd> -- <col>Leaf wasp</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a sawfiy.</cd> -- <col>To turn over a new leaf</col>, <cd>to make a radical change for the better in one's way of living or doing. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote> They were both determined <b>to turn over a new leaf</b>.
<i>Richardson.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="838">
Page 838<p>

<h1>Leaf</h1>
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<hw>Leaf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Leafed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Leafing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To shoot out leaves; to produce leaves; to leave; <as>as, the trees <ex>leaf</ex> in May</as>.</def><-- = leaf out -->

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Leafage</h1>
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<hw>Leaf"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Leaves, collectively; foliage.</def>

<h1>Leafcup</h1>
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<hw>Leaf"cup`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A coarse American composite weed (<spn>Polymnia Uvedalia</spn>).</def>

<h1>Leafed</h1>
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<hw>Leafed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having (such) a leaf or (so many) leaves; -- used in composition; <as>as, broad<ex>-leafed</ex>; four<ex>-leafed</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Leafet</h1>
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<hw>Leaf"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leaflet.</def>

<h1>Leaf-footed</h1>
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<hw>Leaf"-foot`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having leaflike expansions on the legs; -- said of certain insects; <as>as, the <ex>leaf-footed</ex> bug (<ex>Leptoglossus phyllopus</ex>)</as>.</def>

<h1>Leafiness</h1>
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<hw>Leaf"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being leafy.</def>

<h1>Leafless</h1>
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<hw>Leaf"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no leaves or foliage; bearing no foliage.</def> "<i>Leafless</i> groves." <i>Cowper</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Leaf"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Leafless plants</col>, <cd>plants having no foliage, though leaves may be present in the form of scales and bracts. See <er>Leaf</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1 and 2.</cd></cs>

<h1>Leaflet</h1>
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<hw>Leaf"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little leaf; also, a little printed leaf or a tract.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the divisions of a compound leaf; a foliole.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A leaflike organ or part; <as>as, a <ex>leaflet</ex> of the gills of fishes</as>.</def>

<h1>Leaf-nosed</h1>
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<hw>Leaf"-nosed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a leaflike membrane on the nose; -- said of certain bats, esp. of the genera <i>Phyllostoma</i> and <i>Rhinonycteris</i>. See <er>Vampire</er>.</def>

<h1>Leafstalk</h1>
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<hw>Leaf"stalk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The stalk or petiole which supports a leaf.</def>

<h1>Leafy</h1>
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<hw>Leaf"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Leafier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl</tt>. <er>Leafiest</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of leaves; abounding in leaves; <as>as, the <ex>leafy</ex> forest</as>.</def> "The <i>leafy</i> month of June."

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of leaves.</def> "A <i>leafy</i> bed."

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>League</h1>
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<hw>League</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>legue</ets>, <ets>lieue</ets>, a measure of length, F. <ets>lieue</ets>, Pr. <ets>lega</ets>, <ets>legua</ets>, It. & LL. <ets>lega</ets>, Sp. <ets>legua</ets>, Pg. <ets>legoa</ets>, <ets>legua</ets>; all fr. LL. <ets>leuca</ets>, of Celtic origin: cf. Arm. <ets>leo</ets>, <ets>lev</ets> (perh. from French), Ir.<ets>leige</ets> (perh. from English); also Ir. & Gael. <ets>leac</ets> a flag, a broad, flat stone, W. <ets>llech</ets>, -- such stones having perh. served as a sort of milestone (cf. <er>Cromlech</er>).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A measure of length or distance, varying in different countries from about 2.4 to 4.6 English statute miles of 5.280 feet each, and used (as a land measure) chiefly on the continent of Europe, and in the Spanish parts of America. The <i>marine league</i> of England and the United States is equal to three marine, or geographical, miles of 6080 feet each.</def>

<note>&hand; The English land league is equal to three English statute miles. The Spanish and French leagues vary in each country according to usage and the kind of measurement to which they are applied. The Dutch and German leagues contain about four geographical miles, or about 4.6 English statute miles.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stone erected near a public road to mark the distance of a league.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>League</h1>
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<hw>League</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.<ets>ligue</ets>, LL. <ets>liga</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ligare</ets> to bind; cf. Sp. <ets>liga</ets>. Cf. <er>Ally</er> a confederate, <er>Ligature</er>.]</ety> <def>An alliance or combination of two or more nations, parties, or persons, for the accomplishment of a purpose which requires a continued course of action, as for mutual defense, or for furtherance of commercial, religious, or political interests, etc.</def>

<blockquote>And let there be
'Twixt us and them no <b>league</b>, nor amity.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; A <i>league</i> may be <i>offensive</i> or <i>defensive</i>, or both; <i>offensive</i>, when the parties agree to unite in attacking a common enemy; <i>defensive</i>, when they agree to a mutual defense of each other against an enemy.</note>

<cs><col>The Holy League</col>, <cd>an alliance of Roman Catholics formed in 1576 by influence of the Duke of Guise for the exclusion of Protestants from the throne of France.</cd> -- <col>Solemn League and Covenant</col>. <cd>See <er>Covenant</er>,2.</cd> -- <col>The land league</col>, <cd>an association, organized in Dublin in 1879, to promote the interests of the Irish tenantry, its avowed objects being to secure fixity of tenure fair rent, and free sale of the tenants' interest. It was declared illegal by Parliament, but vigorous prosecutions have failed to suppress it.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Alliance; confederacy; confederation; coalition; combination; compact; co\'94peration.</syn>

<h1>League</h1>
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<hw>League</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Leagued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Leaguing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>se liguer</ets>. See 2d <er>League</er>.]</ety> <def>To unite in a league or confederacy; to combine for mutual support; to confederate</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>League</h1>
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<hw>League</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To join in a league; to cause to combine for a joint purpose; to combine; to unite; <as>as, common interests will <ex>league</ex> heterogeneous elements</as>.</def>

<h1>Leaguer</h1>
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<hw>Lea"guer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D.<ets>leger</ets> camp, bed, couch, lair. See <er>Lair</er>, and cf.<er>Beleaguer</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The camp of a besieging army; a camp in general.</def>

<i>b. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A siege or beleaguering.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Leaguer</h1>
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<hw>Lea"guer</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt><def>To besiege; to beleaguer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Leaguerer</h1>
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<hw>Lea"guer*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A besieger.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Webster.</i>

<h1>Leak</h1>
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<hw>Leak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>lek</ets> leaky, a leak, G.<ets>leck</ets>, Icel. <ets>lekr</ets> leaky, Dan. <ets>l\'91k</ets> leaky, a leak, Sw. <ets>l\'84ck</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>hlec</ets> full of cracks or leaky. Cf. <er>Leak</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A crack, crevice, fissure, or hole which admits water or other fluid, or lets it escape; <as>as, a <ex>leak</ex> in a roof; a <ex>leak</ex> in a boat; a <ex>leak</ex> in a gas pipe.</as></def> "One <i>leak</i> will sink a ship."

<i>Bunyan.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The entrance or escape of a fluid through a crack, fissure, or other aperture; <as>as, the <ex>leak</ex> gained on the ship's pumps</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To spring a leak</col>, <cd>to open or crack so as to let in water; to begin to let in water; <as>as, the ship <ex>sprung a leak<ex></as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Leak</h1>
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<hw>Leak</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Leaky.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Leak</h1>
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<hw>Leak</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Leaked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Leaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>lekken</ets>, G. <ets>lecken</ets>, <ets>lechen</ets>, Icel. <ets>leka</ets>, Dan. <ets>l\'91kke</ets>, Sw. <ets>l\'84cka</ets>, AS. <ets>leccan</ets> to wet, moisten. See <er>Leak</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To let water or other fluid in or out through a hole, crevice, etc.; <as>as, the cask <ex>leaks</ex>; the roof <ex>leaks</ex>; the boat <ex>leaks</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enter or escape, as a fluid, through a hole, crevice, etc. ; to pass gradually into, or out of, something; -- usually with <ptcl>in</ptcl> or <ptcl>out</ptcl>.</def>

<cs><col>To leak out</col>, <cd>to be divulged gradually or clandestinely; to become public; as, <as>the facts <ex>leaked out<ex></as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Leakage</h1>
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<hw>Leak"age</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>lekkage</ets>, for sense 1.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A leaking; also, the quantity that enters or issues by leaking</def>.

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>An allowance of a certain rate per cent for the leaking of casks, or waste of liquors by leaking</def>.

<h1>Leakiness</h1>
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<hw>Leak"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being leaky.</def>

<h1>Leaky</h1>
<Xpage=838>

<hw>Leak"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Leakier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Leakiest</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Permitting water or other fluid to leak in or out; <as>as, a <ex>leaky</ex> roof or cask</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Apt to disclose secrets; tattling; not close.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Leal</h1>
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<hw>Leal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>leial</ets>, another form of <ets>loial</ets>, F. <ets>loyal</ets>. See <er>Loyal</er>.]</ety> <def>Faithful; loyal; true.</def>

<blockquote>All men true and <b>leal</b>, all women pure.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Land of the leal</col>, <cd>the place of the faithful; heaven.</cd></cs>

<h1>Leam</h1>
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<hw>Leam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Leme</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Leam</h1>
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<hw>Leam</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Leamer</er>, <er>Lien</er>.]</ety> <def>A cord or strap for leading a dog.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Leamer</h1>
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<hw>Leam"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>limier</ets>, OF. <ets>liemier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ligamen</ets> band, bandage. See <er>Lien</er>.]</ety> <def>A dog held by a leam.</def>

<h1>Lean</h1>
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<hw>Lean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>leyna</ets>; akin to G. <ets>l\'84ugnen</ets> to deny, AS. <ets>l<?/gnian</ets>, also E. <ets>lie</ets> to speak falsely.]</ety> <def>To conceal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Lean</h1>
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<hw>Lean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Leaned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, sometimes <er>Leant</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Leaning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>lenen</ets>, AS. <ets>hlinian</ets>, <ets>hleonian</ets>, <tt>v. i.</tt>; akin to OS. <ets>hlin\'d3n</ets>, D. <ets>leunen</ets>, OHG. <ets>hlin\'c7n</ets>, <ets>lin\'c7n</ets>, G. <ets>lehnen</ets>, L. <ets>inclinare</ets>, Gr. <?/ , L. <ets>clivus</ets> hill, slope. &root;40. Cf. <er>Declivity</er>, <er>Climax</er>, <er>Incline</er>, <er>Ladder</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To incline, deviate, or bend, from a vertical position; to be in a position thus inclining or deviating; <as>as, she <ex>leaned</ex> out at the window; a <ex>leaning</ex> column.</as></def> "He <i>leant</i> forward."

<i>Dickens.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To incline in opinion or desire; to conform in conduct; -- with <ptcl>to</ptcl>, <ptcl>toward</ptcl>, etc.</def>

<blockquote>They delight rather to <b>lean</b> to their old customs.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To rest or rely, for support, comfort, and the like; -- with <ptcl>on</ptcl>, <ptcl>upon</ptcl>, or <ptcl>against</ptcl>.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>leaned</b> not on his fathers but himself.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lean</h1>
<Xpage=838>

<hw>Lean</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lean</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> ; AS. <ets>hl<?/nan</ets>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, fr. <ets>hleonian</ets>, <ets>hlinian</ets>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>To cause to lean; to incline; to support or rest.</def>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<blockquote>His fainting limbs against an oak he <b>leant</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lean</h1>
<Xpage=838>

<hw>Lean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Leaner</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Leanest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>lene</ets>, AS. <ets>hl<?/ne</ets>; prob. akin to E. <ets>lean</ets> to incline. See <er>Lean</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanting flesh; destitute of or deficient in fat; not plump; meager; thin; lank; <as>as, a <ex>lean</ex> body; a <ex>lean</ex> cattle.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wanting fullness, richness, sufficiency, or productiveness; deficient in quality or contents; slender; scant; barren; bare; mean; -- used literally and figuratively; <as>as, the <ex>lean</ex> harvest; a <ex>lean</ex> purse; a <ex>lean</ex> discourse; <ex>lean</ex> wages.</as></def> "No <i>lean</i> wardrobe."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Their <b>lean</b> and fiashy songs.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What the land is, whether it be fat or <b>lean</b>.
<i>Num. xiii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Out of my <b>lean</b> and low ability
I'll lend you something.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Typog.)</fld> <def>Of a character which prevents the compositor from earning the usual wages; -- opposed to <i>fat</i>; as <i>lean</i> copy, matter, or type.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- slender; spare; thin; meager; lank; skinny; gaunt.</syn>

<h1>Lean</h1>
<Xpage=838>

<hw>Lean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That part of flesh which consist principally of muscle without the fat.</def>

<blockquote>The fat was so white and the <b>lean</b> was so ruddy.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Typog.)</fld> <def>Unremunerative copy or work.</def>

<h1>Lean-faced</h1>
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<hw>Lean"-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a thin face.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Typog.)</fld> <def>slender or narrow; -- said of type the letters of which have thin lines, or are unusually narrow in proportion to their height.</def>

<i>W. Savage.</i>

<h1>Leaning</h1>
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<hw>Lean"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act, or state, of inclining; inclination; tendency; <as>as, a <ex>leaning</ex> towards Calvinism</as>.</def>

<h1>Leanly</h1>
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<hw>Lean"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Meagerly; without fat or plumpness.</def>

<h1>Leanness</h1>
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<hw>Lean"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hl&aemac;nnes</ets>.]</ety> <def>The condition or quality of being lean.</def>

<h1>Lean-to</h1>
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<hw>Lean"-to`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Having only one slope or pitch; -- said of a roof.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A shed or slight building placed against the wall of a larger structure and having a single-pitched roof; -- called also <altname>penthouse</altname>, and <altname>to-fall</altname>.</def></def2><-- a crude, usually temporary shelter comprising a lean-to roof braced against any convenient support, as a wall, a tree or a pole. The roof may extend all the way to the ground. -->

<blockquote>The outer circuit was covered as a <b>lean-to</b>, all round this inner apartment.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lean-witted</h1>
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<hw>Lean"-wit`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having but little sense or shrewdness.</def>

<h1>Leany</h1>
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<hw>Lean"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lean.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Leap</h1>
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<hw>Leap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>le\'a0p</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A basket.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A weel or wicker trap for fish.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Leap</h1>
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<hw>Leap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Leaped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, rarely <er>Leapt</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Leaping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>lepen</ets>, <ets>leapen</ets>, AS. <ets>hle\'a0pan</ets> to leap, jump, run; akin to OS. <ets>\'behl<?/pan</ets>, OFries. <ets>hlapa</ets>, D. <ets>loopen</ets>, G. <ets>laufen</ets>, OHG. <ets>louffan</ets>, <ets>hlauffan</ets>, Icel. <ets>hlaupa</ets>, Sw. <ets>l\'94pa</ets>, Dan. <ets>l\'94be</ets>, Goth. <ets>ushlaupan</ets>. Cf. <er>Elope</er>, <er>Lope</er>, <er>Lapwing</er>, <er>Loaf</er> to loiter.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To spring clear of the ground, with the feet; to jump; to vault; <as>as, a man <ex>leaps</ex> over a fence, or <ex>leaps</ex> upon a horse</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote> <b>Leap</b> in with me into this angry flood.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To spring or move suddenly, as by a jump or by jumps; to bound; to move swiftly. Also Fig.</def>

<blockquote>My heart <b>leaps</b> up when I behold
A rainbow in the sky.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Leap</h1>
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<hw>Leap</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pass over by a leap or jump; <as>as, to <ex>leap</ex> a wall, or a ditch</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To copulate with (a female beast); to cover.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to leap; <as>as, to <ex>leap</ex> a horse across a ditch</as>.</def>

<h1>Leap</h1>
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<hw>Leap</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of leaping, or the space passed by leaping; a jump; a spring; a bound.</def>

<blockquote>Wickedness comes on by degrees, . . . and sudden <b>leaps</b> from one extreme to another are unnatural.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Changes of tone may proceed either by <b>leaps</b> or glides.
<i>H. Sweet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Copulation with, or coverture of, a female beast.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A fault.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A passing from one note to another by an interval, especially by a long one, or by one including several other and intermediate intervals.</def>

<h1>Leaper</h1>
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<hw>Leap"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hle\'a0pere</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, leaps.</def>

<h1>Leaper</h1>
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<hw>Leap"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Leap</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of hooked instrument for untwisting old cordage.</def>

<h1>Leapfrog</h1>
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<hw>Leap"frog`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A play among boys, in which one stoops down and another leaps over him by placing his hands on the shoulders of the former.</def>

<h1>Leapful</h1>
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<hw>Leap"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Leap</er>.]</ety> <def>A basketful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Leaping</h1>
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<hw>Leap"ing</hw>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>from <er>Leap</er>, to jump.</def>

<cs><col>Leaping house</col>, <cd>a brothel. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Leaping pole</col>, <cd>a pole used in some games of leaping.</cd> -- <col>Leaping spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a jumping spider; one of the Saltigrad\'91.</cd></cs>

<h1>Leapingly</h1>
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<hw>Leap"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By leaps.</def>

<h1>Leap year</h1>
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<hw>Leap" year`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. Bissextile; a year containing 366 days; every fourth year which <i>leaps</i> over a day more than a common year, giving to February twenty-nine days. See <er>Bissextile</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; Every year whose number is divisible by four without a remainder is a leap year, excepting the full centuries, which, to be leap years, must be divisible by 400 without a remainder. If not so divisible they are common years. 1900, therefore, is not a leap year.</note>

<h1>Lear</h1>
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<hw>Lear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To learn. See <er>Lere</er>, to learn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lear</h1>
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<hw>Lear</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Lore; lesson.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Lear</h1>
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<hw>Lear</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Leer</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Lear</h1>
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<hw>Lear</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An annealing oven. See <er>Leer</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Learn</h1>
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<hw>Learn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Learned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, or <er>Learnt</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Learning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>lernen</ets>, <ets>leornen</ets>, AS. <ets>leornian</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>lin\'d3n</ets>, for <ets>lirn\'d3n</ets>, OHG. <ets>lirn\'c7n</ets>, <ets>lern\'c7n</ets>, G. <ets>lernen</ets>, fr. the root of AS. <ets>l<?/ran</ets> to teach, OS. <ets>l\'c7rian</ets>, OHG.<ets>l\'c7ran</ets>, G. <ets>lehren</ets>, Goth. <ets>laisjan</ets>, also Goth <ets>lais</ets> I know, <ets>leis</ets> acquainted (in comp.); all prob. from a root meaning, to go, go over, and hence, to learn; cf. AS. <ets>leoran</ets> to go . Cf. <er>Last</er> a mold of the foot, <er>lore</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To gain knowledge or information of; to ascertain by inquiry, study, or investigation; to receive instruction concerning; to fix in the mind; to acquire understanding of, or skill; <as>as, to <ex>learn</ex> the way; to <ex>learn</ex> a lesson; to <ex>learn</ex> dancing; to <ex>learn</ex> to skate; to <ex>learn</ex> the violin; to <ex>learn</ex> the truth about something.</as></def> "<i>Learn</i> to do well."

<i>Is. i. 17.</i>

<blockquote>Now <b>learn</b> a parable of the fig tree.
<i>Matt. xxiv. 32.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To communicate knowledge to; to teach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Hast thou not <b>learned</b> me how
To make perfumes ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Learn</i> formerly had also the sense of <i>teach</i>, in accordance with the analogy of the French and other languages, and hence we find it with this sense in Shakespeare, Spenser, and other old writers. This usage has now passed away. To <i>learn</i> is to receive instruction, and to <i>teach</i> is to give instruction. He who is <i>taught</i> learns, not he who <i>teaches</i>.</note>

<h1>Learn</h1>
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<hw>Learn</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To acquire knowledge or skill; to make progress in acquiring knowledge or skill; to receive information or instruction; <as>as, this child <ex>learns</ex> quickly</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Take my yoke upon you and <b>learn</b> of me.
<i>Matt. xi. 29.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To learn by heart</col>. <cd>See <cref>By heart</cref>, under <er>Heart</er>.</cd> -- <col>To learn by rote</col>, <cd>to memorize by repetition without exercise of the understanding.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="839">
Page 839<p>

<h1>Learnable</h1>
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<hw>Learn"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be learned.</def>

<h1>Learned</h1>
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<hw>Learn"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to learning; possessing, or characterized by, learning, esp. scholastic learning; erudite; well-informed; <as>as, a <ex>learned</ex> scholar, writer, or lawyer; a <ex>learned</ex> book; a <ex>learned</ex> theory.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>learned</b>lover lost no time.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Men of much reading are greatly <b>learned</b>, but may be little knowing.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Words of <b>learned</b> length and thundering sound.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The learned</col>, <cd>learned men; men of erudition; scholars.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Learn"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <wf>Learn"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Every coxcomb swears as <b>learnedly</b> as they.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Learner</h1>
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<hw>Learn"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who learns; a scholar.</def>

<h1>Learning</h1>
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<hw>Learn"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>leornung</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The acquisition of knowledge or skill; <as>as, the <ex>learning</ex> of languages; the <ex>learning</ex> of telegraphy.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The knowledge or skill received by instruction or study; acquired knowledge or ideas in any branch of science or literature; erudition; literature; science; <as>as, he is a man of great <ex>learning</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Book learning</col>. <cd>See under <er>Book</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Literature; erudition; lore; scholarship; science; letters. See <er>Literature</er>.</syn>

<h1>Leasable</h1>
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<hw>Leas"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 2d <er>Lease</er>.]</ety> <def>Such as can be leased.</def>

<h1>Lease</h1>
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<hw>Lease</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>lesan</ets> to gather; akin to D. <ets>lezen</ets> to gather, read, G. <ets>lesen</ets>, Goth. <ets>lisan</ets> to gather; cf. Lith <ets>lesti</ets> to peck.]</ety> <def>To gather what harvesters have left behind; to glean.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Lease</h1>
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<hw>Lease</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Leased</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Leasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.<ets>laisser</ets>, OF. <ets>laissier</ets>, <ets>lessier</ets>, to leave, transmit, L. <ets>laxare</ets> to loose, slacken, from <ets>laxus</ets> loose, wide. See <er>Lax</er>, and cf. <er>Lesser</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grant to another by lease the possession of, as of lands, tenements, and hereditaments; to let; to demise; <as>as, a landowner <ex>leases</ex> a farm to a tenant</as>; -- sometimes with <i>out</i>.</def>

<blockquote>There were some [houses] that were <b>leased</b> out for three lives.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hold under a lease; to take lease of; <as>as, a tenant <ex>leases</ex> his land from the owner</as>.</def>

<h1>Lease</h1>
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<hw>Lease</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>lais</ets>. See <er>Lease</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A demise or letting of lands, tenements, or hereditaments to another for life, for a term of years, or at will, or for any less interest than that which the lessor has in the property, usually for a specified rent or compensation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The contract for such letting</def>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any tenure by grant or permission; the time for which such a tenure holds good; allotted time.</def>

<blockquote>Our high-placed Macbeth
Shall live the <b>lease</b> of nature.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Lease and release</col> <cd>a mode of conveyance of freehold estates, formerly common in England and in New York. its place is now supplied by a simple deed of grant.</cd>

<i>Burrill.</i>  <i>Warren's Blackstone.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Leasehold</h1>
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<hw>Lease"hold`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Held by lease.</def>

<h1>Leasehold</h1>
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<hw>Lease"hold`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tenure by lease; specifically, land held as personalty under a lease for years.</def>

<h1>Leaseholder</h1>
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<hw>Lease"hold`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tenant under a lease.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Lease"hold`ing</wf>, <tt>a. & n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Leaser</h1>
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<hw>Leas"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From 1st <er>Lease</er>.]</ety> <def>One who leases or gleans.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Leaser</h1>
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<hw>Leas"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A liar. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Leasing</er>.</def>

<h1>Leash</h1>
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<hw>Leash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lese</ets>, <ets>lees</ets>, <ets>leece</ets>, OF. <ets>lesse</ets>, F. <ets>laisse</ets>, LL.<ets>laxa</ets>, fr. L. <ets>laxus</ets> loose. See <er>Lax</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thong of leather, or a long cord, by which a falconer holds his hawk, or a courser his dog.</def>

<blockquote>Even like a fawning greyhound in the <b>leash</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Sporting)</fld> <def>A brace and a half; a tierce; three; three creatures of any kind, especially greyhounds, foxes, bucks, and hares; hence, the number three in general.</def>

<blockquote>[I] kept my chamber a <b>leash</b> of days.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Then were I wealthier than a <b>leash</b> of kings.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A string with a loop at the end for lifting warp threads, in a loom.</def>

<h1>Leash</h1>
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<hw>Leash</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Leashed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Leashing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To tie together, or hold, with a leash.</def>

<h1>Leasing</h1>
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<hw>Leas"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>le\'a0sung</ets>, fr. <ets>le\'a0s</ets> loose, false, deceitful. See <er>-less</er>, <er>Loose</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The act of lying; falsehood; a lie or lies.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Thou shalt destroy them that speak <b>leasing</b>.
<i>Ps. v. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Blessed be the lips that such a <b>leasing</b> told.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Leasing making</col> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>, <cd>the uttering of lies or libels upon the personal character of the sovereign, his court, or his family.</cd></cs>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Leasow</h1>
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<hw>Lea"sow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>lesu</ets>, <ets>l\'91su</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pasture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Least</h1>
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<hw>Least</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>last</ets>, <ets>lest</ets>, AS. <ets>l<?/sast</ets>, <ets>l<?/sest</ets>, superl. of <ets>l<?/ssa</ets> less. See <er>Less</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <mark>[Used as the superlative of <i>little</i>.]</mark> Smallest, either in size or degree; shortest; lowest; most unimportant; <as>as, the <ex>least</ex> insect; the <ex>least</ex> mercy; the <ex>least</ex> space.</as></def>

<note>&hand; <i>Least</i> is often used with <i>the</i>, as if a noun.</note>

<blockquote>I am the <b>least</b> of the apostles.
<i>1 Cor. xv. 9.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>At least</col>, &or; <col>At the least</col></mcol>, <cd>at the least estimate, consideration, chance, etc.; hence, at any rate; at all events; even. See <er>However</er>.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>He who tempts, though in vain, <b>at least</b> asperses
The tempted with dishonor.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Upon the mast they saw a young man, <b>at least</b> if he were a man, who sat as on horseback.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

-- <mcol><col>In least</col>, &or;  <col>In the least</col></mcol>, <cd>in the least degree, manner, etc.</cd> "He that is unjust <i>in the least</i> is unjust also in much." <i>Luke xvi. 10</i>. -- <col>Least squares</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a method of deducing from a number of carefully made yet slightly discordant observations of a phenomenon the most probable values of the unknown quantities.</cd> <note>It takes as its fundamental principle that the most probable values are those which make the sum of the squares of the residual errors of the observation a minimum.</note>

<h1>Least</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Least</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the smallest or lowest degree; in a degree below all others; <as>as, to reward those who <ex>least</ex> deserve it</as>.</def>

<h1>Least</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Least</hw>, <tt>conj.</tt> <def>See <er>Lest</er>, <tt>conj.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Leastways, Leastwise</h1>
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<hw><hw>Least"ways`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Least"wise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>At least; at all events.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><mcol><col>At leastways</col>, &or; <col>At leastwise</col></mcol>, <cd>at least. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Leasy</h1>
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<hw>Lea"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>le\'a0s</ets> void, loose, false. Cf. <er>Leasing</er>.]</ety> <def>Flimsy; vague; deceptive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<h1>Leat</h1>
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<hw>Leat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Lead</er> to conduct.]</ety> <def>An artificial water trench, esp. one to or from a mill.</def>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Leather</h1>
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<hw>Leath"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lether</ets>, AS. <ets>le<?/er</ets>; akin to D. <ets>leder</ets>, <ets>le\'88r</ets>, G. <ets>leder</ets>, OHG. <ets>ledar</ets>, Icel. <ets>le<?/r</ets>, Sw. <ets>l\'84der</ets>, Dan. <ets>l\'91der</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The skin of an animal, or some part of such skin, tanned, tawed, or otherwise dressed for use; also, dressed hides, collectively.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The skin.</def> <mark>[Ironical or Sportive]</mark>

<note>&hand; <i>Leather</i> is much used adjectively in the sense of <i>made of</i>, <i>relating to</i>, <i>or like</i>, <i>leather</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Leather board</col>, <cd>an imitation of sole leather, made of leather scraps, rags, paper, etc.</cd> -- <col>Leather carp</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>, a variety of carp in which the scales are all, or nearly all, absent. See <i>Illust<i>. under <er>Carp</er>.</cd> -- <col>Leather jacket</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> (a) <cd>A California carangoid fish (<spn>Oligoplites saurus</spn>).</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A trigger fish (<spn>Balistes Carolinensis</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Leather flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a climbing plant (<spn>Clematis Viorna</spn>) of the Middle and Southern States having thick, leathery sepals of a purplish color.</cd> -- <col>Leather leaf</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a low shrub (<spn>Cassandra calyculata</spn>), growing in Northern swamps, and having evergreen, coriaceous, scurfy leaves.</cd> -- <col>Leather plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>one or more New Zealand plants of the composite genus <spn>Celmisia</spn>, which have white or buff tomentose leaves.</cd> -- <col>Leather turtle</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Leatherback</er>.</cd> -- <col>Vegetable leather</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An imitation of leather made of cotton waste</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Linen cloth coated with India rubber.</cd></cs>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Leather</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leath"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Leathered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Leathering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To beat, as with a thong of leather.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Leatherback</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leath"er*back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large sea turtle (<spn>Sphargis coriacea</spn>), having no bony shell on its back. It is common in the warm and temperate parts of the Atlantic, and sometimes weighs over a thousand pounds; -- called also <altname>leather turtle</altname>, <altname>leathery turtle</altname>, <altname>leather-backed tortoise</altname>, etc.</def>

<h1>Leatheret, Leatherette</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw><hw>Leath"er*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Leath`er*ette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leather</ets> + <ets>et</ets>, F. <ets>-ette</ets>.]</ety> <def>An imitation of leather, made of paper and cloth.</def>

<h1>Leatherhead</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leath"er*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The friar bird.</def>

<h1>Leathern</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leath"ern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of leather; consisting of. leather; <as>as, a <ex>leathern</ex> purse</as>.</def> "A <i>leathern</i> girdle about his loins."

<i>Matt. iii. 4.</i>

<h1>Leatherneck</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leath"er*neck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sordid friar bird of Australia (<spn>Tropidorhynchus sordidus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Leatherwood</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leath"er*wood`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small branching shrub (<spn>Dirca palustris</spn>), with a white, soft wood, and a tough, leathery bark, common in damp woods in the Northern United States; -- called also <altname>moosewood</altname>, and <altname>wicopy</altname>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Leathery</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leath"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling leather in appearance or consistence; tough.</def> "A <i>leathery</i> skin."

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Leave</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Leaved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Leaving</er>]</wordforms> <def>To send out leaves; to leaf; -- often with <i>out</i>.</def>

<i>G. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Leave</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leave</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Levy</er>.]</ety> <def>To raise; to levy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>An army strong she <b>leaved</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Leave</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leave</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>leve</ets>, <ets>leave</ets>, AS. <ets>le\'a0f</ets>; akin to <ets>le\'a2f</ets> pleasing, dear, E. <ets>lief</ets>, D. oor<ets>lof</ets> leave, G. ar<ets>laub</ets>, and er<ets>lauben</ets> to permit, Icel. <ets>leyfi</ets>.  <?/  See <er>Lief</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Liberty granted by which restraint or illegality is removed; permission; allowance; license.</def>

<blockquote>David earnestly asked <b>leave</b> of me.
<i>1 Sam. xx. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No friend has <b>leave</b> to bear away the dead.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of leaving or departing; a formal parting; a leaving; farewell; adieu; -- used chiefly in the phrase, <i>to take leave</i>, i. e., literally, to take permission to go.</def>

<blockquote>A double blessing is a'double grace;
Occasion smiles upon a second <b>leave</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And Paul after this tarried there yet a good while, and then took his <b>leave</b> of the brethren.
<i>Acts xviii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>French leave</col>. <cd>See under <er>French</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Liberty</er>.</syn>

<h1>Leave</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leave</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Left</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Leaving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>leven</ets>, AS. <ets>l<?/fan</ets>, fr. <ets>l\'bef</ets> remnant, heritage; akin to <ets>lifian</ets>, <ets>libban</ets>, to live, orig., to remain; cf. be<ets>l\'c6fan</ets> to remain, G. b<ets>leiben</ets>, Goth. bi<ets>leiban</ets>. <?/. See <er>Live</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To withdraw one's self from; to go away from; to depart from; <as>as, to <ex>leave</ex> the house</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Therefore shall a man <b>leave</b> his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife.
<i>Gen. ii. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To let remain unremoved or undone; to let stay or continue, in distinction from what is removed or changed.</def>

<blockquote>If grape gatherers come to thee, would they not <b>leave</b> some gleaning grapes ?
<i>Jer. xlix. 9. </i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These ought ye to have done, and not to <b>leave</b> the other undone.
<i>Matt. xxiii. 23. </i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Besides it <b>leaveth</b> a suspicion, as if more might be said than is expressed.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cease from; to desist from; to abstain from.</def>

<blockquote>Now <b>leave</b> complaining and begin your tea.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To desert; to abandon; to forsake; hence, to give up; to relinquish.</def>

<blockquote>Lo, we have <b>left</b> all, and have followed thee.
<i>Mark x. 28.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The heresies that men do <b>leave</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To let be or do without interference; <as>as, I <ex>left</ex> him to his reflections; I <ex>leave</ex> my hearers to judge.</as></def>

<blockquote>I will <b>leave</b> you now to your gossiplike humor.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To put; to place; to deposit; to deliver; to commit; to submit -- with a sense of withdrawing one's self from; <as>as, <ex>leave</ex> your hat in the hall; we <ex>left</ex> our cards; to <ex>leave</ex> the matter to arbitrators.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Leave</b> there thy gift before the altar and go thy way.
<i>Matt. v. 24.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The foot
That <b>leaves</b> the print of blood where'er it walks.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To have remaining at death; hence, to bequeath; <as>as, he <ex>left</ex> a large estate; he <ex>left</ex> a good name; he <ex>left</ex> a legacy to his niece.</as></def>

<cs><col>To leave alone</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To leave in solitude</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To desist or refrain from having to do with; <as>as, <ex>to leave<ex> dangerous chemicals <ex>alone<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>To leave off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To desist from; to forbear; to stop; <as>as, <ex>to leave off<ex> work at six o'clock</as></cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To cease wearing or using; to omit to put in the usual position; <as>as, <ex>to leave off<ex> a garment; <ex>to leave off<ex> the tablecloth</as></cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To forsake; <as>as, <ex>to leave off<ex> a bad habit</as>.</cd> -- <col>To leave out</col>, <cd>to omit; <as>as, <ex>to leave out<ex> a word or name in writing</as>.</cd> -- <col>To leave to one's self</col>, <cd>to let (one) be alone; to cease caring for (one).</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn>- To quit; depart from; forsake; abandon; relinquish; deliver; bequeath; give up; forego; resign; surrender; forbear. See <er>Quit</er>.</syn>

<h1>Leave</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To depart; to set out.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>By the time I <b>left</b> for Scotland.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cease; to desist; to leave off.</def> "He . . . began at the eldest, and <i>left</i> at the youngest."

<i>Gen. xliv. 12.</i>

<cs><col>To leave off</col>, <cd>to cease; to desist; to stop.</cd></cs>

<blockquote><b>Leave off</b>, and for another summons wait.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Leaved</h1>
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<hw>Leaved</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Leaf</er>.]</ety> <def>Bearing, or having, a leaf or leaves; having folds; -- used in combination; <as>as, a four<ex>-leaved</ex> clover; a two-<ex>leaved</ex> gate; long<ex>-leaved</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Leaveless</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leave"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Leafless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Leaven</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leav"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>levain</ets>, <ets>levein</ets>, F. <ets>levain</ets>, L. <ets>levamen</ets> alleviation, mitigation; but taken in the sense of, a raising, that which raises, fr. <ets>levare</ets> to raise. See <er>Lever</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any substance that produces, or is designed to produce, fermentation, as in dough or liquids; esp., a portion of fermenting dough, which, mixed with a larger quantity of dough, produces a general change in the mass, and renders it light; yeast; barm.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything which makes a general assimilating (especially a corrupting) change in the mass.</def>

<blockquote>Beware of the <b>leaven</b> of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy.
<i>Luke xii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Leaven</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leav"en</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Leavened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Leavening</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make light by the action of leaven; to cause to ferment.</def>

<blockquote>A little leaven <b>leaveneth</b> the whole lump.
<i>1 Cor. v. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To imbue; to infect; to vitiate.</def>

<blockquote>With these and the like deceivable doctrines, he <b>leavens</b> also his prayer.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Leavening</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leav"en*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of making light, or causing to ferment, by means of leaven.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which leavens or makes light.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Leavenous</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leav"en*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing leaven.</def>

<i> Milton.</i>

<h1>Leaver</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leav"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who leaves, or withdraws.</def>

<h1>Leaves</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leaves</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <def><tt>pl.</tt> of <er>Leaf</er>.</def>

<h1>Leave-taking</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leave"-tak`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Taking of leave; parting compliments.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Leaviness</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leav"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Fr. <er>Leaf</er>.]</ety> <def>Leafiness.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Leavings</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leav"ings</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Things left; remnants; relics.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Refuse; offal.</def>

<h1>Leavy</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Leav"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Leafy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Leban, Lebban</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw><hw>Leb"an</hw>, <hw>Leb"ban</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Coagulated sour milk diluted with water; -- a common beverage among the Arabs. Also, a fermented liquor made of the same.</def>

<h1>Lecama</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Le*ca"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hartbeest.</def>

<h1>Lecanomancy</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Le*can"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bowl or basin + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>divination practiced with water in a basin, by throwing three stones into it, and invoking the demon whose aid was sought.</def>

<h1>Lecanoric</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Lec`a*no"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid which is obtained from several varieties of lichen (<spn>Lecanora</spn>, <spn>Roccella</spn>, <it>etc.</it>), as a white, crystalline substance, and is called also <altname>orsellic, &or; diorsellinic acid</altname>, <altname>lecanorin</altname>, etc.</def>

<h1>Lecanorin</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Lec`a*no"rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lecanoric</er>.</def>

<h1>Lech</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Lech</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>l\'82cher</ets>. See <er>Lick</er>.]</ety> <def>To lick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Leche</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Le*che"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <cref>water buck</cref>, under 3d <er>Buck</er>.</def>

<h1>Lecher</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Lech"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.<ets>lechur</ets>, <ets>lechour</ets>, OF.<ets>lecheor</ets>, <ets>lecheur</ets>, gormand, glutton, libertine, parasite, fr. <ets>lechier</ets> to lick, F. <ets>l\'82cher</ets>; of Teutonic origin. See <er>Lick</er>.]</ety> <def>A man given to lewdness; one addicted, in an excessive degree, to the indulgence of sexual desire, or to illicit commerce with women.</def>

<h1>Lecher</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Lech"er</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lechered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lechering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To practice lewdness.</def>

<h1>Lecherer</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Lech"er*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lecher</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<i> Marston.</i>

<h1>Lecherous</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Lech"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a lecher; addicted to lewdness; lustful; also, lust-provoking.</def> "A <i>lecherous</i> thing is wine." <i>Chaucer</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Lech"er*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Lech"er*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lechery</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Lech"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lecherie</ets>, OF. <ets>lecherie</ets>. See <er>Lecher</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Free indulgence of lust; lewdness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Selfish pleasure; delight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Lecithin</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Lec"i*thin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the yolk of an egg.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A complex, nitrogenous phosphorized substance widely distributed through the animal body, and especially conspicuous in the brain and nerve tissue, in yolk of eggs, and in the white blood corpuscles.</def>

<h1>lectern</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>lec"tern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lecturn</er>.</def>

<h1>Lectica</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Lec*ti"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lectic\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A kind of litter or portable couch.</def>

<h1>Lection</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Lec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lectio</ets>, fr. <ets>legere</ets>, <ets>lectum</ets>, to read. See <er>lesson</er>, <er>Legend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A lesson or selection, esp. of Scripture, read in divine service.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A reading; a variation in the text</def>.

<blockquote>We ourselves are offended by the obtrusion of the new <b>lections</b> into the text.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lectionary</h1>
<Xpage=839>

<hw>Lec"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>lectionarium</ets>, <ets>lectionarius</ets> : cf. F. <ets>lectionnaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A book, or a list, of lections, for reading in divine service.</def>

<hr>
<page="840">
Page 840<p>

<h1>Lector</h1>
<Xpage=840>

<hw>Lec"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Lection</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A reader of lections; formerly, a person designated to read lessons to the illiterate.</def>

<h1>Lectual</h1>
<Xpage=840>

<hw>Lec"tu*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>lectualis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>lectus</ets> bed.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Confining to the bed; <as>as, a <ex>lectual</ex> disease</as>.</def>

<h1>Lecture</h1>
<Xpage=840>

<hw>Lec"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lecture</ets>, LL. <ets>lectura</ets>, fr. L. <ets>legere</ets>, <ets>lectum</ets>, to read. See <er>Legend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reading; <as>as, the <ex>lecture</ex> of Holy Scripture</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A discourse on any subject; especially, a formal or methodical discourse, intended for instruction; sometimes, a familiar discourse, in contrast with a sermon.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A reprimand or formal reproof from one having authority.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eng. Universities)</fld> <def>A rehearsal of a lesson.</def>

<h1>Lecture</h1>
<Xpage=840>

<hw>Lec"ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lectured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lecturing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To read or deliver a lecture to.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reprove formally and with authority.</def>

<h1>Lecture</h1>
<Xpage=840>

<hw>Lec"ture</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To deliver a lecture or lectures.</def>

<h1>Lecturer</h1>
<Xpage=840>

<hw>Lec"tur*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lectures; an assistant preacher.</def>

<h1>Lectureship</h1>
<Xpage=840>

<hw>Lec"ture*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a lecturer.</def>

<h1>Lecturn</h1>
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<hw>Lec"turn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>lectrinum</ets>, fr. <ets>lectrum</ets>; cf. L. <ets>legere</ets>, <ets>lectum</ets>, to read.]</ety> <def>A choir desk, or reading desk, in some churches, from which the lections, or Scripture lessons, are chanted or read; hence, a reading desk. <altsp>[Written also <asp>lectern</asp> and <asp>lettern</asp>]</altsp>.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Lecythis</h1>
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<hw>Lec"y*this</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. 3 an oil flask.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of gigantic trees, chiefly Brazilian, of the order <spn>Myrtace\'91</spn>, having woody capsules opening by an apical lid. <spn>Lecythis Zabucajo</spn> yields the delicious sapucaia nuts. <spn>L. Ollaria</spn> produces the monkey-pots, its capsules. Its bark separates into thin sheets, like paper, used by the natives for cigarette wrappers.</def>

<h1>Led</h1>
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<hw>Led</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Lead</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Led captain</col>. <cd>An obsequious follower or attendant. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Swift</i>.</cd> -- <col>Led horse</col>, <cd>a sumpter horse, or a spare horse, that is led along.</cd></cs>

<h1>Leden, Ledden</h1>
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<hw><hw>Led"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Led"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>l<?/den</ets>, <ets>l<?/den</ets>, language, speech. Cf. <er>Leod</er>.]</ety> <def>Language; speech; voice; cry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Ledge</h1>
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<hw>Ledge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to AS. <ets>licgan</ets> to lie, Icel. <ets>liggja</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>l\'94gg</ets> the ledge or rim at the bottom of a cask. See <er>Lie</er> to be prostrate.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written <asp>lidge</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shelf on which articles may be laid; also, that which resembles such a shelf in form or use, as a projecting ridge or part, or a molding or edge in joinery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A shelf, ridge, or reef, of rocks.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A layer or stratum.</def>

<blockquote>The lowest <b>ledge</b> or row should be of stone.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A lode; a limited mass of rock bearing valuable mineral.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A piece of timber to support the deck, placed athwartship between beams.</def>

<h1>Ledgement</h1>
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<hw>Ledge"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ledgment</er>.</def>

<h1>Ledger</h1>
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<hw>Ledg"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>legger</ets> layer, daybook (fr. <ets>leggen</ets> to lay, <ets>liggen</ets> to lie), E. <ets>ledge</ets>, <ets>lie</ets>. See <er>Lie</er> to be prostrate.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A book in which a summary of accounts is laid up or preserved; the final book of record in business transactions, in which all debits and credits from the journal, etc., are placed under appropriate heads.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>leger</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A large flat stone, esp. one laid over a tomb. <i>Oxf. Gloss.</i></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A horizontal piece of timber secured to the uprights and supporting floor timbers, a staircase, scaffolding, or the like. It differs from an <i>intertie</i> in being intended to carry weight.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ligger</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Ledger bait</col>, <cd>fishing bait attached to a floating line fastened to the bank of a stream, pond, etc. <i>Walton</i>. <i>J. H. Walsh</i>.</cd> -- <col>Ledger line</col>. <cd>See <cref>Leger line</cref>, under 3d <er>Leger</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>Ledger wall</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>the wall under a vein; the foot wall. <i>Raymond</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ledgment</h1>
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<hw>Ledg"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A string-course or horizontal suit of moldings, such as the base moldings of a building. <i>Oxf. Gloss.</i></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def> The development of the surface of a body on a plane, so that the dimensions of the different sides may be easily ascertained.</def> <i>Gwilt</i>. <altsp>[Written also <asp>ledgement</asp>, <asp>legement</asp>, and <asp>ligement</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ledgy</h1>
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<hw>Ledg"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding in ledges; consisting of a ledge or reef; <as>as, a <ex>ledgy</ex> island</as>.</def>

<h1>Lee</h1>
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<hw>Lee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v</tt><def>, <i>i</i>, To lie; to speak falsely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lee</h1>
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<hw>Lee</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lees</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>lie</ets>, perh. fr. L. <ets>levare</ets> to lift up, raise. Cf. <er>Lever</er>.]</ety> <def>That which settles at the bottom, as, of a cask of liquor (esp. wine); sediment; dregs; -- used now only in the plural.</def> <mark>[Lees occurs also as a form of the singular.]</mark> "The <i>lees</i> of wine."

<i>Holland.</i>

<blockquote>A thousand demons lurk within the <b>lee</b>.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The wine of life is drawn, and the mere <b>lees</b>
Is left this vault to brag of.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lee</h1>
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<hw>Lee</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lee</ets> shelter, Icel. <ets>hl<?/</ets>, akin to AS. <ets>hle\'a2</ets>, <ets>hle\'a2w</ets>, shelter, protection, OS. <ets>hl\'8ao</ets>, D. <ets>lij</ets> lee, Sw. <ets>l\'84</ets>, Dan. <ets>l\'91</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sheltered place; esp., a place; protected from the wind by some object; the side sheltered from the wind; shelter; protection; <as>as, the <ex>lee</ex> of a mountain, an island, or a ship</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We lurked under <b>lee</b>.
<i>Morte d'Arthure.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Desiring me to take shelter in his <b>lee</b>.
<i>Tyndall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>That part of the hemisphere, as one stands on shipboard, toward which the wind blows. See <er>Lee</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<cs><mcol><col>By the lee</col>, <col>To bring by the lee</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>By</er>, and <er>Bring</er>.</cd> -- <col>Under the lee of</col>, <cd>on that side which is sheltered from the wind; <as>as, to be <ex>under the lee of<ex> a ship</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lee</h1>
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<hw>Lee</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the part or side opposite to that against which the wind blows; -- opposed to <i>weather</i>; <as>as, the <ex>lee</ex> side or <ex>lee</ex> rail of a vessel</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Lee gauge</col>. <cd>See <er>Gauge</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> -- <col>Lee shore</col>, <cd>the shore on the lee side of a vessel.</cd> -- <col>Lee tide</col>, <cd>a tide running in the same direction that the wind blows.</cd> -- <col>On the lee beam</col>, <cd>directly to the leeward; in a line at right angles to the length of the vessel and to the leeward.</cd></cs>

<h1>Leeboard</h1>
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<hw>Lee"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A board, or frame of planks, lowered over the side of a vessel to lessen her leeway when closehauled, by giving her greater draught.</def>

<h1>Leech</h1>
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<hw>Leech</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 2d <er>Leach</er>.</def>

<h1>Leech</h1>
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<hw>Leech</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Leach</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Leech</h1>
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<hw>Leech</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LG. <ets>leik</ets>, Icel. <ets>l\'c6k</ets>, <ets>Sw</ets>. <ets>lik</ets> boltrope, st<?/ende <ets>liken</ets> the leeches.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The border or edge at the side of a sail.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>leach</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Leech line</col>, <cd>a line attached to the leech ropes of sails, passing up through blocks on the yards, to haul the leeches by. <i>Totten</i>.</cd> -- <col>Leech rope</col>, <cd>that part of the boltrope to which the side of a sail is sewed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Leech</h1>
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<hw>Leech</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>leche</ets>, <ets>l\'91che</ets>, physician, AS. <ets>l<?/ce</ets>; akin to Fries. <ets>l<?/tza</ets>, OHG. <ets>l\'behh\'c6</ets>, <ets>Icel</ets>. <ets>l\'91knari</ets>, Sw. <ets>l\'84kare</ets>, Dan. <ets>l\'91ge</ets>, Goth. <ets>l<?/keis</ets>, AS. <ets>l\'becnian</ets> to heal, Sw. <ets>l\'84ka</ets>, Dan.<ets>l\'91ge</ets>, Icel. <ets>l\'91kna</ets>, Goth. <ets>l<?/kin<?/n</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>physician or surgeon; a professor of the art of healing.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>leach</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote><b>Leech</b>, heal thyself.
<i>Wyclif (Luke iv. 23).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous genera and species of annulose worms, belonging to the order <spn>Hirudinea</spn>, or Bdelloidea, esp. those species <-- formerly! -->used in medicine, as <spn>Hirudo medicinalis</spn> of Europe, and allied species.</def>

<note>&hand; In the mouth of bloodsucking leeches are three convergent, serrated jaws, moved by strong muscles. By the motion of these jaws a stellate incision is made in the skin, through which the leech sucks blood till it is gorged, and then drops off. The stomach has large pouches on each side to hold the blood. The common large bloodsucking leech of America (<spn>Macrobdella decora</spn>) is dark olive above, and red below, with black spots. Many kinds of leeches are parasitic on fishes; others feed upon worms and mollusks, and have no jaws for drawing blood. See <er>Bdelloidea</er>. <er>Hirudinea</er>, and <er>Clepsine</er>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A glass tube of peculiar construction, adapted for drawing blood from a scarified part by means of a vacuum.</def>

<cs><col>Horse leech</col>, <cd>a less powerful European leech (<spn>H\'91mopis vorax</spn>), commonly attacking the membrane that lines the inside of the mouth and nostrils of animals that drink at pools where it lives.</cd></cs>

<h1>Leech</h1>
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<hw>Leech</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Leeched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Leeching</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To treat as a surgeon; to doctor; <as>as, to <ex>leech</ex> wounds</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bleed by the use of leeches.</def>

<h1>Leechcraft</h1>
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<hw>Leech"craft`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of healing; skill of a physician.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Leed, Leede</h1>
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<hw><hw>Leed</hw>, <hw>Leede</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A caldron; a copper kettle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A furnace of a <i>leed</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Leef</h1>
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<hw>Leef</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>See <er>Lief</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Leek</h1>
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<hw>Leek</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.<ets>le\'a0c</ets>; akin to D. <ets>look</ets>, G. <ets>lauch</ets>, OHG. <ets>louh</ets>, Icel. <ets>laukr</ets>, Sw. <ets>l\'94k</ets>, Dan <ets>l\'94g</ets>. Cf. <er>Garlic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Allium</spn> (<spn>A. Porrum</spn>), having broadly linear succulent leaves rising from a loose oblong cylindrical bulb. The flavor is stronger than that of the common onion.</def>

<cs><col>Wild leek</col> , <cd>in America, a plant (<spn>Allium tricoccum</spn>) with a cluster of ovoid bulbs and large oblong elliptical leaves.</cd></cs>

<h1>Leeme</h1>
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<hw>Leeme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Leme</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Leep</h1>
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<hw>Leep</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs. strong imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Leap</er>. leaped.</def>

<h1>Leer</h1>
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<hw>Leer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To learn. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Lere</er>, to learn.</def>

<h1>Leer</h1>
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<hw>Leer</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lere</ets>; akin to G. <ets>leer</ets>, OHG. & OS. <ets>l\'beri</ets>.]</ety> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark> <def>Empty; destitute; wanting</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Empty of contents</def>. "A <i>leer</i> stomach." <i>Gifford</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Destitute of a rider; and hence, led, not ridden; <as>as, a <ex>leer</ex> horse</as></def>. <i>B. Jonson</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Wanting sense or seriousness; trifling; trivolous; <as>as, <ex>leer</ex> words</as>.</def>

<h1>Leer</h1>
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<hw>Leer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An oven in which glassware is annealed.</def>

<h1>Leer</h1>
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<hw>Leer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.<ets>lere</ets> cheek, face, look, AS. <ets>hle\'a2r</ets> cheek, face; akin to OS. <ets>hlear</ets>, <ets>hlior</ets>, OD. <ets>lier</ets>, Icel. <ets>hl<?/r</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The cheek.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>complexion; aspect; appearance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A Rosalind of a better <b>leer</b> than you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A distorted expression of the face, or an indirect glance of the eye, conveying a sinister or immodest suggestion.</def>

<blockquote>With jealous <b>leer</b> malign
Eyed them askance.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She gives the <b>leer</b> of invitation.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Damn with faint praise, assent with civil <b>leer</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Leer</h1>
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<hw>Leer</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Leered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Leering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To look with a leer; to look askance with a suggestive expression, as of hatred, contempt, lust, etc. ; to cast a sidelong lustful or malign look.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>leer</b> him as a'comes by.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The priest, above his book,
<b>Leering</b> at his neighbor's wife.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Leer</h1>
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<hw>Leer</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To entice with a leer, or leers; <as>as, to <ex>leer</ex> a man to ruin</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Leere</h1>
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<hw>Leere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Tape or braid; an ornament.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<cs><col>Leere side</col>, <cd>the left side, as that on which a leere or ornament was worn.</cd></cs>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Leeringly</h1>
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<hw>Leer"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a leering manner.</def>

<h1>Lees</h1>
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<hw>Lees</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Dregs. See 2d <er>Lee</er>.</def>

<h1>Lees</h1>
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<hw>Lees</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A leash.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Leese</h1>
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<hw>Leese</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lose</er>.]</ety> <def>To lose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They would rather <b>leese</b> their friend than their jest.
<i>Lord Burleigh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Leese</h1>
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<hw>Leese</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. f. <ets>l\'82ser</ets>, L.<ets>laesus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>laedere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To hurt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Leet</h1>
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<hw>Leet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs. imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Let</er>, to allow.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Leet</h1>
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<hw>Leet</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>hl<?/t</ets> share, lot.]</ety> <def>A portion; a list, esp. a list of candidates for an office.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Leet</h1>
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<hw>Leet</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.<ets>leta</ets>. Cf. F. <ets>lit de justice</ets> a solemn sitting of the king in Parliament, L. <ets>lis</ets>, <ets>litis</ets>, a lawsuit, It., Sp., & Pg. <ets>lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>A court-leet; the district within the jurisdiction of a court-leet; the day on which a court-leet is held.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; The original intent of the court-leet was to view the frankpledges or freemen within the liberty; hence called <i>the view of frankpledge</i>. Latterly it has fallen into almost entire disuse.</note>

<i>Burrill. Warren's Blackstone.</i>

<cs><col>Leet ale</col>, <cd>a feast or merrymaking in time of leet. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Leet</h1>
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<hw>Leet</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European pollock.</def>

<h1>Leetman</h1>
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<hw>Leet"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Leetmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One subject to the jurisdiction of a court-leet.</def>

<h1>Leeward</h1>
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<hw>Lee"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or in the direction of, the part or side toward which the wind blows; -- opposed to <i>windward</i>; <as>as, a <ex>leeward</ex> berth; a <ex>leeward</ex> ship.</as></def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The lee side; the lee.</def></def2> -- <def2><tt>adv.</tt> <def>Toward the lee.</def></def2>

<h1>Leeway</h1>
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<hw>Lee"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The lateral movement of a ship to the leeward of her course; drift.</def>

<h1>Left</h1>
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<hw>Left</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Leave</er>.</def>

<h1>Left</h1>
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<hw>Left</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>left</ets>, <ets>lift</ets>, <ets>luft</ets>; akin to Fries. <ets>leeft</ets>, OD.<ets>lucht</ets>, <ets>luft</ets>; cf. AS.<ets>left</ets> (equiv. to L. <ets>inanis</ets>), <ets>lyft\'bedl</ets> palsy; or cf. AS.<ets>l<?/f</ets> weak.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to that side of the body in man on which the muscular action of the limbs is usually weaker than on the other side; -- opposed to <i>right</i>, when used in reference to a part of the body; <as>as, the <ex>left</ex> ear</as>. Also said of the corresponding side of the lower animals.</def>

<cs><col>Left bank of a river</col>, <cd>that which is on the <i>left<i> hand of a person whose face is turned downstream.</cd> -- <col>Left bower</col>. <cd>See under 2d <er>Bower</er>.</cd> -- <col>Left center</col>, <cd>the members whose sympathies are, in the main, with the members of the Left, but who do not favor extreme courses, and on occasions vote with the government. They sit between the Center and the extreme Left.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Over the left shoulder</col>, &or; <col>Over the left</col></mcol>, <cd>an old but still current colloquialism, or slang expression, used as an aside to indicate insincerity, negation, or disbelief; <as>as, he said it, and it is true, -- <ex>over the left<ex></as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Left</h1>
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<hw>Left</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>that part of surrounding space toward which the left side of one's body is turned; <as>as, the house is on the <ex>left</ex> when you face North</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Put that rose a little more to the <b>left</b>.
<i>Ld. Lytton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>those members of a legislative assembly (as in France) who are in the opposition; the advanced republicans and extreme radicals. They have their seats at the left-hand side of the presiding officer. See <er>Center</er>, and <er>Right</er>.</def><-- now used of any group advocating a leftist policy -- which is variously interpeted, as meaning "radical", "liberal", "reformist", "anti-establishment" "advocating change in the name of greater freedom or well-being of the common man[MW10]" -- opposed to rightist, and in the "liberal" interpretation, opposed to "conservative". -->

<h1>Left-hand</h1>
<Xpage=840>

<hw>Left"-hand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Situated on the left; nearer the left hand than the right; <as>as, the <ex>left-hand</ex> side; the <ex>left-hand</ex> road.</as></def>

<cs><col>Left-hand rope</col>, <cd>rope laid up and twisted over from right to left, or against the sun; -- called also <altname>water-laid rope</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Left-handed</h1>
<Xpage=840>

<hw>Left"-hand`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the left hand or arm stronger and more dexterous than the right; using the left hand and arm with more dexterity than the right.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Clumsy; awkward; unlucky; insincere; sinister; malicious; <as>as, a <ex>left-handed</ex> compliment</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The commendations of this people are not always <b>left-handed</b> and detractive.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having a direction contrary to that of the hands of a watch when seen in front; -- said of a twist, a rotary motion, etc., looked at from a given direction.</def>

<cs><col>Left-handed marriage</col>, <cd>a morganatic marriage. See <er>Morganatic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Left-handed screw</col>, <cd>a screw constructed to advance away from the observer, when turned, as in a nut, with a left-handed rotation. An ordinary wood screw is right-handed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Left-handedness, Left-handiness</h1>
<Xpage=840>

<hw><hw>Left"-hand`ed*ness</hw>, <hw>Left"-hand`i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being left-handed; awkwardness.</def>

<blockquote>An awkward address, ungraceful attitudes and actions, and a certain <b>left-handiness</b> (if I may use the expression) proclaim low education.
<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Left-off</h1>
<Xpage=840>

<hw>Left"-off"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Laid a side; cast-off.</def>

<h1>Leftward</h1>
<Xpage=840>

<hw>Left"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Toward or on the left side.</def>

<blockquote>Rightward and <b>leftward</b> rise the rocks.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Leful</h1>
<Xpage=840>

<hw>Le"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Leveful</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Leg</h1>
<Xpage=840>

<hw>Leg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>leggr</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>l\'91g</ets> calf of the leg, Sw. <ets>l\'84gg</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A limb or member of an animal used for supporting the body, and in running, climbing, and swimming; esp., that part of the limb between the knee and foot.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which resembles a leg in form or use; especially, any long and slender support on which any object rests; <as>as, the <ex>leg</ex> of a table; the <ex>leg</ex> of pair of compasses or dividers.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The part of any article of clothing which covers the leg; <as>as, the <ex>leg</ex> of a stocking or of a pair of trousers</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A bow, esp. in the phrase <i>to make a leg</i>; probably from drawing the leg backward in bowing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He that will give a cap and make a <b>leg</b> in thanks for a favor he never received.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A disreputable sporting character; a blackleg.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The course and distance made by a vessel on one tack or between tacks.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Steam Boiler)</fld> <def>An extension of the boiler downward, in the form of a narrow space between vertical plates, sometimes nearly surrounding the furnace and ash pit, and serving to support the boiler; -- called also <altname>water leg</altname>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Grain Elevator)</fld> <def>The case containing the lower part of the belt which carries the buckets.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>A fielder whose position is on the outside, a little in rear of the batter.</def>

<cs><col>A good leg</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a course sailed on a tack which is near the desired course.</cd> -- <col>Leg bail</col>, <cd>escape from custody by flight.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>Legs of an hyperbola</col> (or other curve) <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the branches of the curve which extend outward indefinitely.</cd> -- <col>Legs of a triangle</col>, <cd>the sides of a triangle; -- a name seldom used unless one of the sides is first distinguished by some appropriate term; <as>as, the hypothenuse and two <ex>legs</ex> of a right-angled triangle</as>.</cd> <col>On one's legs</col>, <cd>standing to speak.</cd> -- <col>One's last legs</col>. <cd>See under <er>Last</er>.</cd> -- <col>To have legs</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to have speed.</cd><-- also, to have endurance, to continue longer than usual, --> -- <col>To stand on one's own legs</col>, to support one's self; to be independent.

<hr>
<page="841">
Page 841<p>

<h1>Leg</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To use as a leg, with <i>it</i> as object: <sd>(a)</sd> To bow. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> To run</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Legacy</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"a*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.<plw>Legacies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. (assumed) <ets>legatia</ets>, for <ets>legatum</ets>, from <ets>legare</ets> to appoint by last will, to bequeath as a legacy, to depute: cf. OF. <ets>legat</ets> legacy. See <er>Legate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A gift of property by will, esp. of money or personal property; a bequest. Also Fig.; <as>as, a <ex>legacy</ex> of dishonor or disease</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A business with which one is intrusted by another; a commission; -- obsolete, except in the phrases <i>last legacy</i>, <i>dying legacy</i>, and the like.</def>

<blockquote>My <b>legacy</b> and message wherefore I am sent into the world.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He came and told his <b>legacy</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Legacy duty</col>, <cd>a tax paid to government on legacies. <i>Wharton</i>.</cd> -- <col>Legacy hunter</col>, <cd>one who flatters and courts any one for the sake of a legacy.</cd></cs><-- related to gold-digger (latter for any riches, not just a legacy) -->

<h1>Legal</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>legalis</ets>, fr. <ets>lex</ets>, <ets>legis</ets>, law; prob. orig., that which lies or is fixed (cf. L. <ets>lectus</ets> bed), and if so akin to E. <ets>lie</ets>, <ets>law</ets>: cf. F. <ets>l\'82gal</ets>. Cf. <er>Lie</er> to be prostrate, <er>Loyal</er>, <er>Leal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Created by, permitted by, in conformity with, or relating to, law; <as>as, a <ex>legal</ex> obligation; a <ex>legal</ex> standard or test; a <ex>legal</ex> procedure; a <ex>legal</ex> claim; a <ex>legal</ex> trade; anything is <ex>legal</ex> which the laws do not forbid</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>According to the law of works, as distinguished from free grace; or resting on works for salvation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>According to the old or Mosaic dispensation; in accordance with the law of Moses</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Governed by the rules of law as distinguished from the rules of equity; <as>as, <ex>legal</ex> estate; <ex>legal</ex> assets.</as></def>

<i>Bouvier.</i> <i>Burrill.</i>

<cs><col>Legal cap</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cap</er>.</cd> -- <col>Legal tender</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The act of tendering in the performance of a contract or satisfaction of a claim that which the law prescribes or permits, and at such time and place as the law prescribes or permits</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>That currency, or money, which the law authorizes a debtor to tender and requires a creditor to receive</cd>. It differs in different countries.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Lawful; constitutional; legitimate; licit; authorized. See <er>Lawful</er>.</syn>

<h1>Legalism</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le"gal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Strictness, or the doctrine of strictness, in conforming to law.</def>

<h1>Legalist</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le"gal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices or advocates strict conformity to law; in theology, one who holds to the law of works. See <er>Legal</er>, 2 <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Legality</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le*gal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>legalitas</ets>, F. <ets>l\'82galit\'82</ets>.  Cf. <er>Loyalty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being letter of the law.</def>

<h1>Legalization</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le`gal*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of making legal.</def>

<h1>Legalize</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le"gal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Legalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Legalizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>l\'82galiser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make legal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>To interpret or apply in a legal spirit.</def>

<h1>Legally</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le"gal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a legal manner.</def>

<h1>Legantine</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le*gan"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Legatine</er>.</def>

<h1>Legatary</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"a*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>legatarius</ets>, fr. <ets>legaturius</ets> enjoined by a last will: cf. F. <ets>l\'82gataire</ets>. See <er>Legacy</er>.]</ety> <def>A legatee.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Legate</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>legal</ets>, L. <ets>legatus</ets>, fr. <ets>legare</ets> to sent with a commission or charge, to depute, fr. <ets>lex</ets>, <ets>legis</ets>, law: cf. F. <ets>l\'82gat</ets>, It. <ets>legato</ets>. See <er>Legal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ambassador or envoy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ecclesiastic representing the pope and invested with the authority of the Holy See.</def>

<note>&hand; Legates are of three kinds: (<stype>a</stype>) <i>Legates a latere</i>, now always cardinals. They are called <i>ordinary</i> or <i>extraordinary</i> legates, the former governing provinces, and the latter class being sent to foreign countries on extraordinary occasions. (<stype>b</stype>) <i>Legati missi</i>, who correspond to the ambassadors of temporal governments. (<stype>c</stype>) <i>Legati nati</i>, or <i>legates by virtue of their office</i>, as the archbishops of Salzburg and Prague.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Rom. Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An official assistant given to a general or to the governor of a province.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Under the emperors, a governor sent to a province.</def>

<h1>Legatee</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg`a*tee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Legacy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One to whom a legacy is bequeathed.</def>

<h1>Legateship</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"ate*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a legate.</def>

<h1>Legatine</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"a*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a legate; <as>as, <ex>legatine</ex> power</as>.</def>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Made by, proceeding from, or under the sanction of, a legate; <as>as, a <ex>legatine</ex> constitution</as>.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Legation</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>legatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>l\'82gation</ets>, It. <ets>legazione</ets>. See <er>Legate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The sending forth or commissioning one person to act for another.</def> "The Divine <i>legation</i> of Moses."

<i>Bp. Warburton.  </i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A legate, or envoy, and the persons associated with him in his mission; an embassy; or, in stricter usage, a diplomatic minister and his suite; a deputation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The place of business or official residence of a diplomatic minister at a foreign court or seat of government.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A district under the jurisdiction of a legate.</def>

<h1>Legato</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le*ga"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It., tied, joined, fr. <ets>legare</ets> to tie, bind, L. <ets>ligare</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Connected; tied; -- a term used when successive tones are to be produced in a closely connected, smoothly gliding manner. It is often indicated by a <i>tie</i>, thus <?/, <?/, or <?/, <?/ written over or under the notes to be so performed; -- opposed to <i>staccato</i>.</def>

<h1>Legator</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg`a*tor"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>legare</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>legateur</ets>. See <er>Legacy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A testator; one who bequeaths a legacy.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Legatura</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le`ga*tu"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Ligature</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A tie or brace; a syncopation.</def>

<h1>Legature</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"a*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Legateship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lege</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Lege</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>allege</ets> to assert.]</ety> <def>To allege; to assert.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Fisher.</i>

<h1>Legement</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Lege"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ledgment</er>.</def>

<h1>Legend</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"end</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>legende</ets>, OF. <ets>legende</ets>, F. <ets>l\'82gende</ets>, LL. <ets>legenda</ets>, fr. L. <ets>legendus</ets> to be read, fr. <ets>legere</ets> to read, gather; akin to Gr. <?/ to gather, speak. Cf. <er>Collect</er>, <er>Dialogue</er>, <er>Lesson</er>, <er>Logic</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is appointed to be read; especially, a chronicle or register of the lives of saints, formerly read at matins, and in the refectories of religious houses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A story respecting saints; especially, one of a marvelous nature.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any wonderful story coming down from the past, but not verifiable by historical record; a myth; a fable.</def>

<blockquote>And in this <b>legend</b> all that glorious deed.
Read, whilst you arm you.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An inscription, motto, or title, esp. one surrounding the field in a medal or coin, or placed upon an heraldic shield or beneath an engraving or illustration.</def>

<cs><col>Golden legend</col>. <cd>See under <er>Golden</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Legend</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"end</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tell or narrate, as a legend.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Legendary</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"end*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a legend or to legends; consisting of legends; like a legend; fabulous.</def> "<i>Legendary</i> writers."

<i>Bp. Lloyd.</i>

<blockquote><b>Legendary</b> stories of nurses and old women.
<i>Bourne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Legendary</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"end*a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>legendaire</ets>, LL. <ets>legendarius</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A book of legends; a tale or parrative.</def>

<blockquote>Read the Countess of Pembroke's "Arcadia," a gallant <b>legendary</b> full of pleasurable accidents.
<i>James I.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who relates legends.</def>

<i>Bp. Lavington.</i>

<h1>Leger</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ledger</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything that lies in a place; that which, or one who, remains in a place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A minister or ambassador resident at a court or seat of government.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lieger</asp>, <asp>leiger</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sir Edward Carne, the queen's <b>leger</b> at Rome.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A ledger.</def>

<h1>Leger</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"er</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lying or remaining in a place; hence, resident; <as>as, <ex>leger</ex> ambassador</as>.</def>

<h1>Leger</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"er</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>l\'82ger</ets>, fr. LL. (assumed) <ets>leviarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>levis</ets> light in weight. See <er>Levity</er>.]</ety> <def>Light; slender; slim; trivial.</def> <mark>[Obs. except in special phrases.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<cs><col>Leger line</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a line added above or below the staff to extend its compass; -- called also <altname>added line</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Legerdemain</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg`er*de*main"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>l\'82ger</ets> light, nimble + <ets>de</ets> of + <ets>main</ets> hand, L. <ets>manus</ets>. See 3d <er>Leger</er>, and <er>Manual</er>.]</ety> <def>Sleight of hand; a trick of sleight of hand; hence, any artful deception or trick.</def>

<blockquote>He of <b>legierdemayne</b> the mysteries did know.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The tricks and <b>legerdemain</b> by which men impose upon their own souls.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Legerdemainits</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg`er*de*main"its</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices sleight of hand; a prestidigitator.</def>

<h1>Legerity</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le*ger"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>l\'82g\'8aret\'82</ets>. See 3d <er>Leger</er>.]</ety> <def>Lightness; nimbleness</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Legge</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Legge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lay</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <def>To lay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Legge</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Legge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>alegge</ets>.]</ety> <def>To lighten; to allay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Legged</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Legged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Leg</er>.]</ety> <def>Having (such or so many) legs; -- used in composition; <as>as, a long<ex>-legged</ex> man; a two<ex>-legged animal.</as></def>

<h1>Leggiadro, Leggiero</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw><hw>Leg`gi*a"dro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Leg`gi*e"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Light or graceful; in a light, delicate, and brick style.</def>

<h1>Legging, Legging</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw><hw>Leg"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Leg"ging</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Leg</er>.]</ety> <def>A cover for the leg, like a long gaiter.</def>

<h1>Legging</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"ging</hw>, <tt>a. & vb. n.</tt><def>, from <er>Leg</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Leghorn</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"horn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A straw plaiting used for bonnets and hats, made from the straw of a particular kind of wheat, grown for the purpose in Tuscany, Italy; -- so called from Leghorn, the place of exportation.</def>

<h1>Legibility</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being legible; legibleness.</def>

<i>Sir. D. Brewster.</i>

<h1>Legible</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>legibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>legere</ets> to read: cf. OF. <ets>legible</ets>. See <er>Legend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being read or deciphered; distinct to the eye; plain; -- used of writing or printing; <as>as, a fair, <ex>legible</ex> manuscript</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The stone with moss and lichens so overspread,
Nothing is <b>legible</b> but the name alone.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being discovered or understood by apparent marks or indications; <as>as, the thoughts of men are often <ex>legible</ex> in their countenances</as>.</def>

<h1>Legibleness</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"i*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being legible.</def>

<h1>Legibly</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"i*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a legible manner.</def>

<h1>Legific</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le*gif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lex</ets>, <ets>legis</ets>, law + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to making laws.</def>

<blockquote>Practically, in many cases, authority or <b>legific</b> competence has begun in bare power.
<i>J. Grote.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Legion</h1>
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<hw>Le"gion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>legioun</ets>, OF. <ets>legion</ets>, F. <ets>l\'82gion</ets>, fr. L. <ets>legio</ets>, fr. <ets>legere</ets> to gather, collect. See <er>Legend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A body of foot soldiers and cavalry consisting of different numbers at different periods, -- from about four thousand to about six thousand men, -- the cavalry being about one tenth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A military force; an army; military bands.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A great number; a multitude.</def>

<blockquote>Where one sin has entered,<b>legions</b> will force their way through the same breach.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Taxonomy)</fld> <def>A group of orders inferior to a class.</def>

<cs><col>Legion of honor</col>, <cd>an order instituted by the French government in 1802, when Bonaparte was First Consul, as a reward for merit, both civil and military.</cd></cs>

<h1>Legionary</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le"gion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>legionarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>l\'82gionnaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a legion; consisting of a legion or legions, or of an indefinitely great number; <as>as, <ex>legionary</ex> soldiers; a <ex>legionary</ex> force.</as></def> "The <i>legionary</i> body of error."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Legionary</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le"gion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Legionaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A member of a legion.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Legioned</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le"gioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed into a legion or legions; legionary.</def>

<i>Shelley.</i>

<h1>Legionry</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le"gion*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A body of legions; legions, collectively.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Pollok.</i>

<h1>Legislate</h1>
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<hw>Leg"is*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Legislated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Legislating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Legislator</er>.]</ety> <def>To make or enact a law or laws.</def>

<blockquote>Solon, in <b>legislating</b> for the Athenians, had an idea of a more perfect constitution than he gave them.
<i>Bp. Watson (1805).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Legislation</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg`is*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>l\'82gislation</ets>, L. <ets>legis latio</ets>. See <er>Legislator</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of legislating; preparation and enactment of laws; the laws enacted.</def>

<blockquote>Pythagoras joined <b>legislation</b> to his philosophy.
<i>Lyttelton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Legislative</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"is*la*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>l\'82gislatij</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Making, or having the power to make, a law or laws; lawmaking; -- distinguished from <i>executive</i>; <as>as, a <ex>legislative</ex> act; a <ex>legislative</ex> body</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The supreme <b>legislative</b> power of England was lodged in the king and great council, or what was afterwards called the Parliament.
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the making of laws; suitable to legislation; <as>as, the transaction of <ex>legislative</ex> business; the <ex>legislative</ex> style.</as></def>

<h1>Legislatively</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"is*la*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a legislative manner.</def>

<h1>Legislator</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"is*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>legis lator</ets>, prop., a proposer of a law; <ets>lex</ets>, <ets>legis</ets>, law + <ets>lator</ets> a proposer, bearer, fr. <ets>latus</ets>, used as p. p. of <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>l\'82gislateur</ets>. See <er>Legal</er>, and <er>Tolerate</er>.]</ety> <def>A lawgiver; one who makes laws for a state or community; a member of a legislative body.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>legislators</b> in ancient and heroical times.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Many of the <b>legislators</b> themselves had taken an oath of abjuration of his Majesty's person and family.
<i>E. Phillips.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Legislatorial</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg`is*la*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a legislator or legislature.</def>

<h1>Legislatorship</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"is*la`tor*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a legislator.</def>

<i>Halifax.</i>

<h1>Legislatress, Legislatrix</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw><hw>Leg"is*la`tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Leg"is*la`trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who makes laws.</def>

<i>Shaftesbury.</i>

<h1>Legislature</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Leg"is*la`ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>l\'82gislature</ets>.]</ety> <def>The body of persons in a state or kingdom invested with power to make and repeal laws; a legislative body.</def>

<blockquote>Without the concurrent consent of all three parts of the <b>legislature</b>, no law is, or can be, made.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The <i>legislature</i> of Great Britain consists of the Lords and Commons, with the king or queen, whose sanction is necessary to every bill before it becomes a law. The <i>legislatures</i> of most of the United States consist of two houses or branches; but the sanction or consent of the governor is required to give their acts the force of law, or a concurrence of two thirds of the two houses after he has refused his sanction and assigned his objections.</note>

<h1>Legist</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le"gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>l\'82giste</ets>, LL. <ets>legista</ets>, fr. L. <ets>lex</ets>, <ets>legis</ets>, law. See <er>Legal</er>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in the laws; a writer on law.</def>

<i>Milman. J. Morley.</i>

<h1>Legitim</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le*git"im</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Legitimate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The portion of movable estate to which the children are entitled upon the death of the father.</def>

<h1>Legitimacy</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le*git"i*ma*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Legitimate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The state, or quality, of being legitimate, or in conformity with law; hence, the condition of having been lawfully begotten, or born in wedlock.</def>

<blockquote>The doctrine of Divine Right, which has now come back to us, like a thief from transportation, under the alias of <b>Legitimacy</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Legitimate</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le*git"i*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>legitimatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>legitimare</ets> to legitimate, fr. L. <ets>legitimus</ets> legitimate. See <er>Legal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Accordant with law or with established legal forms and requirements; lawful; <as>as, <ex>legitimate</ex> government; <ex>legitimate</ex> rights; the <ex>legitimate</ex> succession to the throne; a <ex>legitimate</ex> proceeding of an officer; a <ex>legitimate</ex> heir.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lawfully begotten; born in wedlock.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Authorized; real; genuine; not false, counterfeit, or spurious; <as>as, <ex>legitimate</ex> poems of Chaucer; <ex>legitimate</ex> inscriptions.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Conforming to known principles, or accepted rules; <as>as, <ex>legitimate</ex> reasoning; a <ex>legitimate</ex> standard, or method; a <ex>legitimate</ex> combination of colors.</as></def>

<blockquote>Tillotson still keeps his place as a <b>legitimate</b> English classic.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Following by logical sequence; reasonable; <as>as, a <ex>legitimate</ex> result; a <ex>legitimate</ex> inference.</as></def>

<h1>Legitimate</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le*git"i*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Legitimated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Legitimating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make legitimate, lawful, or valid; esp., to put in the position or state of a legitimate person before the law, by legal means; <as>as, to <ex>legitimate</ex> a bastard child</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To enact a statute of that which he dares not seem to approve, even to <b>legitimate</b> vice.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Legitimately</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le*git"i*mate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a legitimate manner; lawfully; genuinely.</def>

<h1>Legitimateness</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le*git"i*mate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being legitimate; lawfulness; genuineness.</def>

<h1>Legitimation</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le*git`i*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>l\'82gitimation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of making legitimate.</def>

<blockquote>The coining or <b>legitimation</b> of money.
<i>East.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lawful birth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Legitimatist</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le*git"i*ma*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Legitimist</er>.</def>

<h1>Legitimatize</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le*git"i*ma*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To legitimate.</def>

<h1>Legitimism</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le*git"i*mism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles or plans of legitimists.</def>

<h1>Legitimist</h1>
<Xpage=841>

<hw>Le*git"i*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>l\'82gitimiste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who supports legitimate authority; esp., one who believes in hereditary monarchy, as a divine right.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, a supporter of the claims of the elder branch of the Bourbon dynasty to the crown of France.</def>

<hr>
<page="842">
Page 842<p>

<h1>Legitimize</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Le*git"i*mize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Legitimized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Legitimizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To legitimate.</def>

<h1>Legless</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Leg"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not having a leg.</def>

<h1>Lego-literary</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Le"go-lit"er*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Legal</er>, and <er>Literary</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the literature of law.</def>

<h1>Leguleian</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Le`gu*le"ian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>leguleius</ets> pettifogger, fr. <ets>lex</ets>, <ets>legis</ets>, law.]</ety> <def>Lawyerlike; legal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Leguleian</i> barbarism." <i>De Quincey</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A lawyer.</def></def2>

<h1>Legume</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Leg"ume</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>l\'82gume</ets>, L. <ets>legumen</ets>, fr. <ets>legere</ets> to gather. So called because they may be gathered without cutting. See <er>Legend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A pod dehiscent into two pieces or valves, and having the seed attached at one suture, as that of the pea.</def>

<note>&hand; In the latter circumstance, it differs from a <i>siliqua</i>, in which the seeds are attached to both sutures. In popular use, a <i>legume</i> is called a <i>pod</i>, or <i>cod</i>; as, pea <i>pod</i>, or peas <i>cod</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The fruit of leguminous plants, as peas, beans, lupines; pulse.</def>

<h1>Legumen</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Le*gu"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl> L. <plw>Legumina</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Legumens</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Legume</er>.</def>

<h1>Legumin</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Le*gu"min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>l\'82gumine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An albuminous substance resembling casein, found as a characteristic ingredient of the seeds of leguminous and grain-bearing plants.</def>

<h1>Leguminous</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Le*gu"mi*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>l\'82gumineux</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to pulse; consisting of pulse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, a very large natural order of plants (<spn>Leguminos\'91</spn>), which bear legumes, including peas, beans, clover, locust trees, acacias, and mimosas.</def>

<h1>Leiger</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Lei"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Leger</er>, and <er>Ledger</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Leger</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Leiotrichan</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Lei*ot"ri*chan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Leiotrichi.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Leiotrichi.</def></def2>

<h1>Leiotrichi</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Lei*ot"ri*chi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ smooth + <?/, <?/, hair.]</ety> <fld>(Anthropol.)</fld> <def>The division of mankind which embraces the smooth-haired races.</def>

<h1>Leiotrichous</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Lei*ot"ri*chous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Leiotrichi</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anthropol.)</fld> <def>Having smooth, or nearly smooth, hair.</def>

<h1>Leipoa</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Lei*po"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of Australian gallinaceous birds including but a single species (<spn>Leipoa ocellata</spn>), about the size of a turkey. Its color is variegated, drown, black, white, and gray. Called also <altname>native pheasant</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; It makes large mounds of sand and vegetable material, in which its eggs are laid to be hatched by the heat of the decomposing mass.</note>

<h1>Leipothymic</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Lei`po*thym"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Lipothymic</er>.</def>

<h1>Leister, Lister</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw><hw>Leis"ter</hw>, <hw>Lis"ter</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A spear armed with three or more prongs, for striking fish.</def> <mark>[Scotland]</mark>

<h1>Leisurable</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Lei"sur*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Leisure</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Leisurely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Vacant of employment; not occupied; idle; leisure; <as>as <ex>leisurable</ex> hours</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Leisurably</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Lei"sur*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>At leisure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Leisure</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Lei"sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>leisere</ets>, <ets>leiser</ets>, OF.<ets>leisir</ets>, F. <ets>loisir</ets>, orig., permission, fr. L. <ets>licere</ets> to be permitted. See <er>License</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Freedom from occupation or business; vacant time; time free from employment.</def>

<blockquote>The desire of <b>leisure</b> is much more natural than of business and care.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Time at one's command, free from engagement; convenient opportunity; hence, convenience; ease.</def>

<blockquote>He sighed, and had no <b>leisure</b> more to say.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>At leisure</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Free from occupation; not busy</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In a leisurely manner; at a convenient time.</cd></cs>

<h1>Leisure</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Lei"sure</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unemployed; <as>as, <ex>leisure</ex> hours</as>.</def>

<h1>Leisured</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Lei"sured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Having leisure.</def> "The <i>leisured</i> classes."

<i>Gladstone.</i>

<h1>Leisurely</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Lei"sure*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by leisure; taking abundant tome; not hurried; <as>as, a <ex>leisurely</ex> manner; a <ex>leisurely</ex> walk.</as></def>

<h1>Leisurely</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Lei"sure*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a leisurely manner.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Leitmotif</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Leit"mo*tif"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Leading motive</cref>, under <er>Leading</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Leman</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Le"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lemman</ets>, <ets>legman</ets>; AS.<ets>le\'a2f</ets> dear + <ets>mann</ets> man. See <er>Lief</er>, and <er>Man</er>.]</ety> <def>A sweetheart, of either sex; a gallant, or a mistress; -- usually in a bad sense.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Spenser. Shak.</i>

<h1>Leme</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Leme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>leem</ets>, <ets>leme</ets>, <ets>leam</ets>, AS. <ets>le\'a2ma</ets> light, brightness; akin to E. <ets>light</ets>, <tt>n.</tt> &root;122.]</ety> <def>A ray or glimmer of light; a gleam.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lame</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Lame</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To shine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Lemma</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Lem"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Lemmata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Lemmas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>lemma</ets>, Gr. <?/ anything received, an assumption or promise taken for granted, fr. <?/ to take, assume, Cf. <er>Syllable</er>.]</ety> <def>A preliminary or auxiliary proposition demonstrated or accepted for immediate use in the demonstration of some other proposition, as in mathematics or logic.</def>

<h1>Lemman</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Lem"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A leman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lemming</h1>
<Xpage=842>

<hw>Lem"ming</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Nor. <ets>lemming</ets>, <ets>lemende</ets>; cf. Sw. <ets>lemel</ets>, Lapp. <ets>lummik</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of small arctic rodents of the genera <spn>Myodes</spn> and <spn>Cuniculus</spn>, resembling the meadow mice in form. They are found in both hemispheres.</def>

<note>&hand; The common Northern European lemming (<spn>Myodes lemmus</spn>) is remarkable for making occasional devastating migrations in enormous numbers from the mountains into the lowlands.</note>

<h1>Lemnian</h1>
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<hw>Lem"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Lemnius</ets>, fr. <ets>Lemnus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the isle of Lemnos.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Lemnian bole</col>, <col>Lemnian earth</col></mcol>, <cd>an aluminous earth of a grayish yellow color; sphragide; -- formerly sold as medicine, having astringent properties.</cd> -- <col>Lemnian reddle</col>, <cd>a reddle of firm consistence and deep red color; -- used by artificers in coloring.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lemniscata, Lemniscate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lem`nis*ca"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lem*nis"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lemniscatus</ets> adorned with ribbons, fr. <ets>lemniscus</ets> a ribbon having down, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve in the form of the figure 8, with both parts symmetrical, generated by the point in which a tangent to an equilateral hyperbola meets the perpendicular on it drawn from the center.</def>

<h1>Lemniscus</h1>
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<hw>Lem*nis"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl</plu>. <plw>Lemnisci</plw> (<plw><?/</plw>) <ety>[L. See <er>Lemniscata</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of two oval bodies hanging from the interior walls of the body in the Acanthocephala.</def>

<h1>Lemon</h1>
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<hw>Lem"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>limon</ets>, Per. <ets>lim<?/n</ets>; cf. Ar.<ets>laim<?/n</ets>, Sp. <ets>limon</ets>, It. <ets>limone</ets>. Cf. <er>Lime</er> a fruit.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An oval or roundish fruit resembling the orange, and containing a pulp usually intensely acid. It is produced by a tropical tree of the genus <spn>Citrus</spn>,the common fruit known in commerce being that of the species <spn>C. Limonum</spn> or <spn>C. Medica</spn> (var. <spn>Limonum</spn>). There are many varieties of the fruit, some of which are sweet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The tree which bears lemons; the lemon tree.</def>

<cs><col>Lemon grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a fragrant East Indian grass (<spn>Andropogon Sh\'d2nanthus</spn>, and perhaps other allied species), which yields the grass oil used in perfumery.</cd> -- <col>Lemon sole</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a yellow European sole (<spn>Solea aurantiaca</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Salts of lemon</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white crystalline substance, inappropriately named, as it consists of an acid potassium oxalate and contains no citric acid, which is the characteristic acid of lemon; -- called also <altname>salis of sorrel</altname>. It is used in removing ink stains. See <cref>Oxalic acid</cref>, under <er>Oxalic</er>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<-- Lemon adj. 1. of the color lemon-yellow. 2. of or relating to lemons, as lemon pie. -->

<h1>Lemonade</h1>
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<hw>Lem`on*ade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>limonade</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>limonada</ets>, It. <ets>limonata</ets>. See <er>Lemon</er>.]</ety> <def>A beverage consisting of lemon juice mixed with water and sweetened.</def>

<h1>Lemur</h1>
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<hw>Le"mur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a ghost, specter. So called on account of its habit of going abroad by night.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a family (<spn>Lemurid\'91</spn>) of nocturnal mammals allied to the monkeys, but of small size, and having a sharp and foxlike muzzle, and large eyes. They feed upon birds, insects, and fruit, and are mostly natives of Madagascar and the neighboring islands, one genus (<spn>Galago</spn>) occurring in Africa. The slow lemur or kukang of the East Indies is <spn>Nycticebus tardigradus</spn>. See <er>Galago</er>, <er>Indris</er>, and <er>Colugo</er>.</def>

<h1>Lemures</h1>
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<hw>Lem"u*res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Lemur</er>.]</ety> <def>Spirits or ghosts of the departed; specters.</def>

<blockquote>The Lars and <b>Lemures</b> moan with midnight plaint.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lemuria</h1>
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<hw>Le*mu"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So named from the supposition that it was the original home of the <ets>lemurs</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hypothetical land, or continent, supposed by some to have existed formerly in the Indian Ocean, of which Madagascar is a remnant.</def>

<i>Herschel.</i>

<h1>Lemurid</h1>
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<hw>Lem"u*rid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Lemuroid</er>.</def>

<h1>Lemuridous, Lemurine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Le*mu"ri*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lem"u*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Lemuroid.</def>

<h1>Lemuroid</h1>
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<hw>Lem"u*roid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lemur</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the lemurs or the Lemuroidea.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Lemuroidea.</def></def2>

<h1>Lemuroidea</h1>
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<hw>Lem`u*roi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Lemur</er>, and <er>-oid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of primates, including the lemurs, the aye-aye, and allied species.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Lemuroida</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Lena</h1>
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<hw>Le"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A procuress.</def>

<i>J. Webster.</i>

<h1>Lend</h1>
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<hw>Lend</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lent <?/</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.<ets>lenen</ets>, AS. <ets>l<?/nan</ets>, fr. <ets>l<?/n</ets> loan; akin to G. <ets>lehnen</ets> to lend. See <er>Loan</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To allow the custody and use of, on condition of the return of the same; to grant the temporary use of; <as>as, to <ex>lend</ex> a book</as>; -- opposed to <contr>borrow</contr>.</def>

<blockquote>Give me that ring.
I'll <b>lend</b> it thee, my dear, but have no power
To give it from me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To allow the possession and use of, on condition of the return of an equivalent in kind; <as>as, to <ex>lend</ex> money or some article of food</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt not give him thy money upon usury, nor <b>lend</b> him thy victuals for increase.
<i>Levit. xxv. 37.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To afford; to grant or furnish in general; <as>as, to <ex>lend</ex> assistance; to <ex>lend</ex> one's name or influence.</as></def>

<blockquote>Cato, <b>lend</b> me for a while thy patience.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Mountain lines and distant horizons <b>lend</b> space and largeness to his compositions.
<i>J. A. Symonds.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To let for hire or compensation; <as>as, to <ex>lend</ex> a horse or gig</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; This use of the word is rare in the United States, except with reference to money.</note>

<cs><col>To lend a hand</col>, <cd>to give assistance; to help.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>To lend</col> <col>an ear &or; one's ears</col></mcol>, <cd>to give attention.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lendable</h1>
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<hw>Lend"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be lent.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Lender</h1>
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<hw>Lend"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lends.</def>

<blockquote>The borrower is servant to the lender.
<i>Prov. xxii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lendes</h1>
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<hw>Lend"es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Lends</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lending</h1>
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<hw>Lend"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who lends.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is lent or furnished.</def>

<h1>Lends</h1>
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<hw>Lends</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>lend</ets>, <ets>lenden</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>lende</ets>, OHG. <ets>lenti</ets>, Icel. <ets>lend</ets>, and perh to E. <ets>loin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Loins.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Lene</h1>
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<hw>Lene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lend</er>.]</ety> <def>To lend; to grant; to permit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lene</h1>
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<hw>Le"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lenis</ets> smooth.]</ety> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Smooth; <as>as, the <ex>lene</ex> breathing</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Applied to certain mute consonants, as <it>p</it>, <it>k</it>, and <it>t.</it> (or Gr. &pi;, &kappa;, &tau;.).</def>

<i>W. E. Jelf.</i>

<h1>Lene</h1>
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<hw>Le"ne</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The smooth breathing (spiritus lenis).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any one of the lene consonants, as <it>p</it>, <it>k</it>, or <it>i</it> (or Gr. &pi;, &kappa;, &tau;.).</def>

<i>W. E. Jelf.</i>

<h1>Lenger, Lengest</h1>
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<hw><hw>Leng"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Leng"est</hw><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Longer; longest; -- obsolete compar. and superl. of <i>long</i>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Length</h1>
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<hw>Length</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lengthe</ets>, AS. <ets>leng<?/</ets>, fr. <ets>land</ets>, <ets>long</ets>, long; akin to D. <ets>lengte</ets>, Dan. <ets>l\'91ngde</ets>, Sw. <ets>l\'84ngd</ets>, Icel. <ets>lengd</ets>. See <er>Long</er>, <tt>a.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The longest, or longer, dimension of any object, in distinction from <i>breadth</i> or <i>width</i>; extent of anything from end to end; the longest line which can be drawn through a body, parallel to its sides; <as>as, the <ex>length</ex> of a church, or of a ship; the <ex>length</ex> of a rope or line.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A portion of space or of time considered as measured by its length; -- often in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>Large <b>lengths</b> of seas and shores.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The future but a <b>length</b> behind the past.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The quality or state of being long, in space or time; extent; duration; <as>as, some sea birds are remarkable for the <ex>length</ex> of their wings; he was tired by the <ex>length</ex> of the sermon, and the <ex>length</ex> of his walk.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A single piece or subdivision of a series, or of a number of long pieces which may be connected together; <as>as, a <ex>length</ex> of pipe; a <ex>length</ex> of fence.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Detail or amplification; unfolding; continuance as, to pursue a subject to a great <i>length</i>.</def>

<blockquote>May Heaven, great monarch, still augment your bliss.
With <b>length</b> of days and every day like this.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Distance.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He had marched to the <b>length</b> of Exeter.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>At length</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>At or in the full extent; without abbreviation; as, let the name be inserted <i>at length<i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>At the end or conclusion; after a long period. See <er>Syn.</er> of <i>At last<i>, under <er>Last</er>.</cd> -- <col>At arm's length</col>. <cd>See under <er>Arm</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Length</h1>
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<hw>Length</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lengthen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Lengthen</h1>
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<hw>Length"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lengthenel</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lengthening</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To extent in length; to make longer in extent or duration; <as>as, to <ex>lengthen</ex> a line or a road; to <ex>lengthen</ex> life; -- sometimes followed by <ptcl>out</ptcl>.</as></def>

<blockquote>What if I please to <b>lengthen</b> out his date.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lengthen</h1>
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<hw>Length"en</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become longer.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Lengthful</h1>
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<hw>Length"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Long.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Lengthily</h1>
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<hw>Length"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lengthy manner; at great length or extent.</def>

<h1>Lengthiness</h1>
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<hw>Length"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being lengthy; prolixity.</def>

<h1>Lengthways, Lengthwise</h1>
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<hw><hw>Length"ways`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Length"wise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the direction of the length; in a longitudinal direction.</def>

<h1>Lengthy</h1>
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<hw>Length"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Lengthier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Lengthiest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Having length; rather long or too long; prolix; not brief; -- said chiefly of discourses, writings, and the like.</def> "<i>Lengthy</i> periods." <i>Washington</i>. "Some <i>lengthy</i> additions." <i>Byron</i>. "These would be details too <i>lengthy</i>." <i>Jefferson</i>. "To cut short <i>lengthy</i> explanations."

<i>Trench.</i>

<h1>Lenience, Leniency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Le"ni*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Le"ni*en*cy</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being lenient; lenity; clemency.</def>

<h1>Leniont</h1>
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<hw>Le"ni*ont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>leniens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>lenire</ets> to soften, fr. <ets>lenis</ets> soft, mild. Cf. <er>Lithe</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Relaxing; emollient; softening; assuasive; -- some<?/<?/es followed by of.</def> "<i>Lenient</i> of grief."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Of relax the fibers, are <b>lenient</b>, balsamic.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Time, that on all things lays his <b>lenient</b> hand.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mild; clement; merciful; not rigorous or severe; <as>as, a <ex>lenient</ex> disposition; a <ex>lenient</ex> judge or sentence.</as></def>

<h1>Lenient</h1>
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<hw>Le"ni*ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A lenitive; an emollient.</def>

<h1>Leniently</h1>
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<hw>Le"ni*ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lenient manner.</def>

<h1>Lenify</h1>
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<hw>Len"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lenis</ets> soft, mild + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F.<ets>l\'82nifier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To assuage; to soften; to <?/<?/tigate; to alleviate.</def>

<i>Bacon. Dryden.</i>

<h1>Leniment</h1>
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<hw>Len"i*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lenimentum</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>leniment</ets>. See <er>Lenient</er>.]</ety> <def>An assuasive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lenitive</h1>
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<hw>Len"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>l\'82nitif</ets>. See <er>Lenient</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of softening or mitigating, as pain or acrimony; assuasive; emollient.</def>

<h1>Lenitive</h1>
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<hw>Len"i*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>l\'82nitif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A medicine or application that has the quality of easing pain or protecting from the action of irritants.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A mild purgative; a laxative.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which softens or mitigates; that which tends to allay passion, excitement, or pain; a palliative.</def>

<blockquote>There is one sweet <b>Lenitive</b> at least for evils, which Nature holds out; so I took it kindly at her hands, and fell asleep.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lenitiveness</h1>
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<hw>Len"i*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being lenitive.</def>

<h1>Lenitude</h1>
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<hw>Len"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lenitudo</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or habit of being lenient; lenity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Lenity</h1>
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<hw>Len"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lenitas</ets>, fr. <ets>lenis</ets> soft, mild: cf. OF. <ets>lenit\'82</ets>. See <er>Lenient</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being lenient; mildness of temper or disposition; gentleness of treatment; softness; tenderness; clemency; -- opposed to <i>severity</i> and <i>rigor</i>.</def>

<blockquote>His exceeding <b>lenity</b> disposes us to be somewhat too severe.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Gentleness; kindness; tenderness; softness; humanity; clemency; mercy.</syn>

<h1>Lenni-Lenape</h1>
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<hw>Len`ni-Len*a"pe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A general name for a group of Algonquin tribes which formerly occupied the coast region of North America from Connecticut to Virginia. They included the Mohicans, Delawares, Shawnees, and several other tribes.</def>

<hr>
<page="843">
Page 843<p>

<h1>Leno</h1>
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<hw>Le"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>leno</ets> weak, flexible.]</ety> <def>A light open cotton fabric used for window curtains.</def>

<h1>Lenocinant</h1>
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<hw>Le*noc"i*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lenocinans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>lenocinari</ets> to pander, cajole; akin to <ets>leno</ets> pimp.]</ety> <def>Given to lewdness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lens</h1>
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<hw>Lens</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lenses</plw> <tt>(-&ecr;z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>lens</ets> a lentil. So named from the resemblance in shape of a double convex lens to the seed of a lentil. Cf. <er>Lentil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A piece of glass, or other transparent substance, ground with two opposite regular surfaces, either both curved, or one curved and the other plane, and commonly used, either singly or combined, in optical instruments, for changing the direction of rays of light, and thus magnifying objects, or otherwise modifying vision. In practice, the curved surfaces are usually spherical, though rarely cylindrical, or of some other figure.</def>

<figure><?/<figtitle>Lenses</figtitle></figure>

<note>&hand; Of spherical lenses, there are six varieties, as shown in section in the figures herewith given: viz., <figref>a</figref> plano-concave; <figref>b</figref> double-concave; <figref>c</figref> plano-convex; <figref>d</figref> double-convex; converging concavo-convex, or converging meniscus; <figref>f</figref> diverging concavo-convex, or diverging meniscus.</note>

<cs><col>Crossed lens</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>a double-convex lens with one radius equal to six times the other.</cd> -- <col>Crystalline lens</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Eye</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fresnel lens</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>a compound lens formed by placing around a central convex lens rings of glass so curved as to have the same focus; used, especially in lighthouses, for concentrating light in a particular direction; -- so called from the inventor.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Multiplying</col> <col>lens &or; glass</col></mcol> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>a lens one side of which is plane and the other convex, but made up of a number of plane faces inclined to one another, each of which presents a separate image of the object viewed through it, so that the object is, as it were, multiplied.</cd> -- <col>Polyzonal lens</col>. <cd>See <er>Polyzonal</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lent</h1>
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<hw>Lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Lend</er>.</def>

<h1>Lent</h1>
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<hw>Lent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lente</ets>, <ets>lenten</ets>, <ets>leynte</ets>, AS. <ets>lengten</ets>, <ets>lencten</ets>, spring, lent, akin to D. <ets>lente</ets>, OHG. <ets>lenzin</ets>, <ets>langiz</ets>, G. <ets>lenz</ets>, and perh. fr. AS. <ets>lang</ets> long, E. <ets>long</ets>, because at this season of the year the days lengthen.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A fast of forty days, beginning with Ash Wednesday and continuing till Easter, observed by some Christian churches as commemorative of the fast of our Savior.</def>

<h1>Lent lily</h1>
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<hw>Lent lily</hw> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <def>the daffodil; -- so named from its blossoming in spring.</def>

<h1>Lent</h1>
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<hw>Lent</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lentus</ets>; akin to <ets>lenis</ets> soft, mild: cf. F. <ets>lent</ets>. See <er>Lenient</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Slow; mild; gentle; <as>as, <ex>lenter</ex> heats</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B.Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lento</er>.</def>

<h1>Lentamente</h1>
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<hw>Len`ta*men"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Slowly; in slow time.</def>

<h1>Lentando</h1>
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<hw>Len*tan"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It., p. pr. of <ets>lentare</ets> to make slow. See <er>Lent</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Slackening; retarding. Same as <er>Rallentando</er>.</def>

<h1>Lenten</h1>
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<hw>Lent"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Lent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Lenten</h1>
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<hw>Lent"en</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From OE. <ets>lenten</ets> lent. See <er>Lent</er>, <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the fast called Lent; used in, or suitable to, Lent; <as>as, the <ex>Lenten</ex> season</as>.</def>

<blockquote>She quenched her fury at the flood.
And with a <b>Lenten</b> salad cooled her blood.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Spare, meager; plain; somber; unostentatious; not abundant or showy.</def> "<i>Lenten</i> entertainment." " <i>Lenten</i> answer." <i>Shak.</i> " <i>Lenten</i> suit." <i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<blockquote><b>Lenten</b> color, black or violet.
<i>F. G. Lee.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lententide</h1>
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<hw>Lent"en*tide`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The season of Lenten or Lent.</def>

<h1>Lenticel</h1>
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<hw>Len"ti*cel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lenticelle</ets>, dim. fr. L. <ets>lens</ets>, <ets>lentis</ets>, a lentil. Cf. <er>Lentil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the small, oval, rounded spots upon the stem or branch of a plant, from which the underlying tissues may protrude or roots may issue, either in the air, or more commonly when the stem or branch is covered with water or earth.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small, lens-shaped gland on the under side of some leaves.</def>

<h1>Lenticellame</h1>
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<hw>Len`ti*cel"lame</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing lenticels; dotted with lenticels.</def>

<h1>Lenticelle</h1>
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<hw>Len`ti*celle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Lenticel.</def>

<h1>Lenticula</h1>
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<hw>Len*tic"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Lenticulas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Lenticul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Lenticel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of eruption upon the skin; lentigo; freckle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A lens of small size.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A lenticel.</def>

<h1>Lenticular</h1>
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<hw>Len*tic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lenticularis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lenticulaire</ets>. See <er>Lenticel</er>.]</ety> <def>Resembling a lentil in size or form; having the form of a double-convex lens.</def>

<h1>Lenticularly</h1>
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<hw>Len*tic"u*lar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a lens; with a curve.</def>

<h1>Lentiform</h1>
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<hw>Len"ti*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lens</ets>, <ets>lentis</ets>, lentil + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lentifarme</ets>,]</ety> <def>Lenticular.</def>

<h1>Lentiginose</h1>
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<hw>Len*tig"i*nose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lentiginous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing numerous dots resembling freckles.</def>

<h1>Lentiginous</h1>
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<hw>Len*tig"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lentiginosus</ets>. See <er>Lentigo</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to lentigo; freckly; scurfy; furfuraceous.</def>

<h1>Lentigo</h1>
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<hw>Len*ti"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>lens</ets>, <ets>lentis</ets>, lentil.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A freckly eruption on the skin; freckles.</def>

<h1>Lentil</h1>
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<hw>Len"til</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lentille</ets>, fr. L. <ets>lenticula</ets>, dim. of <ets>lens</ets>, <ets>lentis</ets>, lentil. Cf. <er>Lens</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leguminous plant of the genus <spn>Ervum</spn> (<spn>Ervum Lens</spn>), of small size, common in the fields in Europe. Also, its seed, which is used for food on the continent.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>lentil</i> of the Scriptures probably included several other vetchlike plants.</note>

<cs><col>Lentil shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small bivalve shell of the genus <spn>Ervillia</spn>, family <spn>Tellinid\'91</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lentiscus, Lentisk</h1>
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<hw><hw>Len*tis"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Len"tisk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lentiscus</ets>, <ets>lentiscum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lentisque</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree; the mastic. See <er>Mastic</er>.</def>

<h1>Lentitude</h1>
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<hw>Len"ti*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lentitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>lentus</ets> slow: cf. OF. <ets>lentitude</ets>. See <er>Lent</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Slowness; sluggishness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lento</h1>
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<hw>Len"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Slow; in slow time; slowly; -- rarely written <altname>lente</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lentoid</h1>
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<hw>Len"toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lens</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a lens; lens-shaped.</def>

<h1>Lentor</h1>
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<hw>Len"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. fr. <ets>lentus</ets> pliant, tough, slow. See <er>Lent</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tenacity; viscidity; viscidity, as of fluids.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Slowness; delay; sluggishness.</def> <i>Arbuthnot</i>.

<h1>Lentous</h1>
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<hw>Len"tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lentus</ets>. See <er>Lentor</er>.]</ety> <def>Viscid; viscous; tenacious.</def>

<blockquote>Spawn of a <b>lentous</b> and transparent body.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<mhw><h1>L'envoi, &or; L'envoy</h1>
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<hw>L'en`voi"</hw>, &or; <hw>L'en`voy"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>le</ets> the + <ets>envei</ets> a sending. See <er>Envoy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One or more detached verses at the end of a literary composition, serving to convey the moral, or to address the poem to a particular person; -- orig. employed in old French poetry.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A conclusion; a result.</def>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Leo</h1>
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<hw>Le"o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Lion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The Lion, the fifth sign of the zodiac, marked thus <?/ in almanacs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A northern constellation east of Cancer, containing the bright star Regulus at the end of the handle of the Sickle.</def>

<cs><col>Leo Minor</col>, <cd>a small constellation between Leo and the Great Bear.</cd></cs>

<h1>Leod</h1>
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<hw>Le"od</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.<ets>le\'a2d</ets> people, nation, man, chief; akin to OS. <ets>liud</ets>, OHG. <ets>liut</ets>, pl. <ets>liuti</ets>, G.<ets>leute</ets>, pl., fr. AS.<ets>le\'a2dan</ets> to grow, akin to Goth. <ets>liudan</ets>, OS. <ets>liodan</ets>, <ets>OHG</ets>. <ets>liotan</ets> to grow; cf. Skr. <ets>ruh</ets>. <ets><?/</ets>]</ety> <def>People; a nation; a man.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman. Bp. Gibson.</i>

<h1>Leon</h1>
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<hw>Le"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Leonced</h1>
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<hw>Le"onced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lionced</er>.</def>

<h1>Leonese</h1>
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<hw>Le`o*nese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Leon, in Spain.</def> -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def>A native or natives of Leon.</def></def2>

<h1>Leonid</h1>
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<hw>Le"o*nid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Leo</er>: cf. F. <ets>l\'82onides</ets>, pl.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of the shooting stars which constitute the star shower that recurs near the fourteenth of November at intervals of about thirty-three years; so called because shooting stars appear on the heavens to move in lines directed from the constellation Leo.</def>

<h1>Leonine</h1>
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<hw>Le"o*nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>leoninus</ets>, fr. <ets>leo</ets>, <ets>leonis</ets>, lion: cf. F. <ets>l\'82onin</ets>. See <er>Lion</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the lion; <as>as, a <ex>leonine</ex> look; <ex>leonine</ex> repacity.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Le"o*nine*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Leonine verse</col>, <cd>a kind of verse, in which the end of the line rhymes with the middle; -- so named from <i>Leo<i>, or <i>Leoninus<i>, a Benedictine and canon of Paris in the twelfth century, who wrote largely in this measure, though he was not the inventor. The following line is an example:</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Gloria <b>factorum</b> temere conceditur <b>horum</b>.

<h1>Leontodon</h1>
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<hw>Le*on"to*don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, lion + <?/, <?/, tooth. Cf. <er>Lion's-tooth</er>, <er>Dandelion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of liguliflorous composite plants, including the fall dandelion (<spn>L. autumnale</spn>), and formerly the true dandelion; -- called also <altname>lion's tooth</altname>.</def>

<h1>Leopard</h1>
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<hw>Leop"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>leopart</ets>, <ets>leparde</ets>, <ets>lebarde</ets>, <ets>libbard</ets>, OF. <ets>leopard</ets>, <ets>liepart</ets>, F. <ets>l\'82opard</ets>, L. <ets>leopardus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/  lion + <?/ pard. See <er>Lion</er>, and <er>Pard</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, savage, carnivorous mammal (<spn>Felis leopardus</spn>). It is of a yellow or fawn color, with rings or roselike clusters of black spots along the back and sides. It is found in Southern Asia and Africa. By some the panther (<spn>Felis pardus</spn>) is regarded as a variety of leopard.</def>

<cs><col>Hunting leopard</col>. <cd>See <er>Cheetah</er>.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Leopard cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>any one of several species or varieties of small, spotted cats found in Africa, Southern Asia, and the East Indies; esp., <spn>Felis Bengalensis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Leopard marmot</col>. <cd>See <er>Gopher</er>, 2.</cd></cs>

<h1>Leopard's bane</h1>
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<hw>Leop"ard's bane`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name of several harmless plants, as <spn>Arnica montana</spn>, <spn>Senecio Doronicum</spn>, and <spn>Paris quadrifolia</spn>.</def>

<h1>Leopardwood</h1>
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<hw>Leop"ard*wood`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Letterwood</er>.</def>

<h1>Lep</h1>
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<hw>Lep</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs. strong imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Leap</er>. Leaped.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lepadite 2</h1>
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<hw>Lep"a*dite 2</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lepas</ets>, <ets>lepadis</ets>, limpet, Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Lepadoid</er>.</def>

<h1>Lepadoid</h1>
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<hw>Lep"a*doid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lepas</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A stalked barnacle of the genus Lepas, or family <spn>Lepadid\'91</spn>; a goose barnacle. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Lepal</h1>
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<hw>Lep"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ scale: cf. F. <ets>l\'82pale</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A sterile transformed stamen.</def>

<h1>Lepas</h1>
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<hw>Le"pas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a limpet, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of various species of <spn>Lepas</spn>, a genus of pedunculated barnacles found attached to floating timber, bottoms of ships, Gulf weed, etc.; -- called also <altname>goose barnacle</altname>. See <er>Barnacle</er>.</def>

<h1>Leper</h1>
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<hw>Lep"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lepre</ets> leprosy, F. <ets>l\'8apre</ets>, L. <ets>leprae</ets>, <ets>lepra</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, scaly, fr. <?/ scale, <?/ to peel.]</ety> <def>A person affected with leprosy.</def>

<h1>Lepered</h1>
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<hw>Lep"ered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected or tainted with leprosy.</def>

<h1>Leperize</h1>
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<hw>Lep"er*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To affect with leprosy.</def>

<h1>Leperous</h1>
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<hw>Lep"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Leprous; infectious; corrupting; poisonous.</def> "The <i>leperous</i> distillment."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Lepid</h1>
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<hw>Lep"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lepidus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pleasant; jocose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The joyous and <b>lepid</b> consul.
<i>Sydney Smith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lepidine</h1>
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<hw>Lep"i*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An organic base, <chform>C9H6.N.CH3</chform>, metameric with quinaldine, and obtained by the distillation of cinchonine.</def>

<h1>Lepidodendrid</h1>
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<hw>Lep`i*do*den"drid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>One of an extinct family of trees allied to the modern club mosses, and including Lepidodendron and its allies.</def>

<h1>Lepidodendroid</h1>
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<hw>Lep`i*do*den"droid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Allied to, or resembling, Lepidodendron.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A lepidodendrid.</def></def2>

<h1>Lepidodendron</h1>
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<hw>Lep`i*do*den"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ <?/, a scale + <?/ tree.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of fossil trees of the Devonian and Carboniferous ages, having the exterior marked with scars, mostly in quincunx order, produced by the separation of the leafstalks.</def>

<h1>Lepidoganoid</h1>
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<hw>Lep`i*do*ga"noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a scale + E. <ets>ganoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of a division (<spn>Lepidoganoidei</spn>) of ganoid fishes, including those that have scales forming a coat of mail. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Lepidolite</h1>
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<hw>Le*pid"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a scale + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>l\'82pidolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A species of mica, of a lilac or rose-violet color, containing lithia. It usually occurs in masses consisting of small scales. See <er>Mica</er>.</def>

<h1>Lepidomelane</h1>
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<hw>Lep`i*dom"e*lane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Fr. <?/ , <?/, a scale + <?/, <?/, black.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An iron-potash mica, of a raven-black color, usually found in granitic rocks in small six-sided tables, or as an aggregation of minute opaque scales. See <er>Mica</er>.</def>

<h1>Lepidopter</h1>
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<hw>Lep`i*dop"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>l\'82pidopt\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Lepidoptera.</def>

<h1>Lepidoptera</h1>
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<hw>Lep`i*dop"te*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a scale + <?/ a feather, wind.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of insects, which includes the butterflies and moths. They have broad wings, covered with minute overlapping scales, usually brightly colored.</def>

<note>&hand; They have a tubular proboscis, or haustellum, formed by the two slender maxill\'91. The labial palpi are usually large, and the proboscis, when not in use, can be coiled up spirally between them. The mandibles are rudimentary. The larv\'91, called <i>caterpillars</i>, are often brightly colored, and they commonly feed on leaves. The adults feed chiefly on the honey of flowers.</note>

<h1>Lepidopteral, Lepidopterous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lep`i*dop"ter*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lep`i*dop"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Lepidoptera.</def>

<h1>Lepidopterits</h1>
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<hw>Lep`i*dop"ter*its</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One who studies the Lepidoptera.</def>

<h1>Lepidosauria</h1>
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<hw>Lep`i*do*sau"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a scale + <?/ a lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of reptiles, including the serpents and lizards; the Plagiotremata.</def>

<h1>Lepidosiren</h1>
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<hw>Lep`i*do*si"ren</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a scale + <?/ a siren.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An eel-shaped ganoid fish of the order Dipnoi, having both gills and lungs. It inhabits the rivers of South America. The name is also applied to a related African species (<spn>Protopterus annectens</spn>). The lepidosirens grow to a length of from four to six feet. Called also <altname>doko</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lepidote, Lepidoted</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lep"i*dote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lep"i*do`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ covered with scales, fr. <?/, <?/, a scale.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a coat of scurfy scales, as the leaves of the oleaster.</def>

<h1>Lepisma</h1>
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<hw>Le*pis"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ peel, fr. <?/, <?/, a scale.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of wingless thysanurous insects having an elongated flattened body, covered with shining scales and terminated by seven unequal bristles. A common species (<spn>Lepisma saccharina</spn>) is found in houses, and often injures books and furniture. Called also <altname>shiner</altname>, <altname>silver witch</altname>, <i>silver moth</i>, and <i>furniture bug</i>.</def><-- also called silverfish.  Eats sized paper and starched clothes -->

<h1>Lepismoid</h1>
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<hw>Le*pis"moid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lepisma</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the Lepisma.</def>

<h1>Leporine</h1>
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<hw>Lep"o*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>leporinus</ets>, fr. <ets>lepus</ets>, <ets>leporis</ets>, hare. See <er>Leveret</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a hare; like or characteristic of, a hare.</def>

<h1>Lepra</h1>
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<hw>Le"pra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Leper</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Leprosy.</def>

<note>&hand; The term <i>lepra</i> was formerly given to various skin diseases, the leprosy of modern authors being <stype>Lepra Arabum</stype>. See <er>Leprosy</er>.</note>

<hr>
<page="844">
Page 844<p>

<h1>Lepre</h1>
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<hw>Lep"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Leprosy.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Leprose</h1>
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<hw>Lep"rose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Leprous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Covered with thin, scurfy scales.</def>

<h1>Leprosity</h1>
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<hw>Le*pros"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being leprous or scaly; also, a scale.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Leprosy</h1>
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<hw>Lep"ro*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Leprous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cutaneous disease which first appears as blebs or as reddish, shining, slightly prominent spots, with spreading edges. These are often followed by an eruption of dark or yellowish prominent nodules, frequently producing great deformity. In one variety of the disease, an\'91sthesia of the skin is a prominent symptom. In addition there may be wasting of the muscles, falling out of the hair and nails, and distortion of the hands and feet with destruction of the bones and joints. It is incurable, and is probably contagious.</def><-- caused by the bacterium <spn>Mycobacterium leprae</spn>, curable in most cases by therapy with a combination of antibiotics, but cases resistant to therapy are increasing. -->

<note>&hand; The disease now called leprosy, also designated as <i>Lepra</i> or <i>Lepra Arabum</i>, and <i>Elephantiasis Gr\'91corum</i>, is not the same as the leprosy of the ancients. The latter was, indeed, a generic name for many varieties of skin disease (including our modern leprosy, psoriasis, etc.), some of which, among the Hebrews, rendered a person ceremonially unclean. A variety of leprosy of the Hebrews (probably identical with modern leprosy) was characterized by the presence of smooth, shining, depressed white patches or scales, the hair on which participated in the whiteness while the skin and adjacent flesh became insensible. It was incurable disease.</note>

<h1>Leprous</h1>
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<hw>Lep"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>leprous</ets>, <ets>lepros</ets>, F. <ets>l\'82preux</ets>, fr. L. <ets>leprosus</ets>, fr. <ets>lepra</ets>, <ets>leprae</ets>, leprosy. See <er>Leper</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Infected with leprosy; pertaining to or resembling leprosy.</def> "His hand was <i>leprous</i> as snow."

<i>Ex. iv. 6.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Leprose.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Lep"rous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Lep"rous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lepry</h1>
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<hw>Lep"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Leprosy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Leptiform</h1>
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<hw>Lep"ti*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leptus</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a form somewhat like leptus; -- said of active insect larv\'91 having three pairs of legs. See <er>Larva</er>.</def>

<h1>Leptocardia</h1>
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<hw>Lep`to*car"di*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ small + <?/ the heart.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lowest class of Vertebrata, including only the Amphioxus. The heart is represented only by a simple pulsating vessel. The blood is colorless; the brain, renal organs, and limbs are wanting, and the backbone is represented only by a simple, unsegmented notochord. See <er>Amphioxus</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Leptocardii</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Leptocardian</h1>
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<hw>Lep`to*car"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the <er>Leptocardia</er>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Leptocardia.</def></def2>

<h1>Leptodactyl</h1>
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<hw>Lep`to*dac"tyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ small, thin + <?/ finger, toe.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird or other animal having slender toes.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lepodactyle</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Leptodactylous</h1>
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<hw>Lep`to*dac"tyl*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, Having slender toes.</def>

<h1>Leptology</h1>
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<hw>Lep*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ small, subtile + <?/ discourse.]</ety> <def>A minute and tedious discourse on trifling things.</def>

<h1>Leptomeningitis</h1>
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<hw>Lep`to*men`in*gi"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ small + <ets>meningitis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the <i>pia mater</i> or of the arachnoid membrane.</def>

<h1>Leptorhine</h1>
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<hw>Lep"to*rhine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ small + <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, the nose.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the nose narrow; -- said esp. of the skull. Opposed to <i>platyrhine</i>.</def>

<h1>Leptostraca</h1>
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<hw>Lep*tos"tra*ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ thin, slender + <?/ shell of a testacean.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Crustacea, including Nebalia and allied forms.</def>

<h1>Leptothrix</h1>
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<hw>Lep"to*thrix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ small + <?/ hair.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A genus of bacteria, characterized by having their filaments very long, slender, and indistinctly articulated.</def>

<h1>Leptothrix</h1>
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<hw>Lep"to*thrix</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Leptothrix</er>, <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a little chain; -- applied to bacteria when, as in multiplication by fission, they form chain of filiform individuals.</def>

<h1>Leptus</h1>
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<hw>Lep"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ thin, small.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The six-legged young, or larva, of certain mites; -- sometimes used as a generic name. See <cref>Harvest mite</cref>, under <er>Harvest</er>.</def>

<h1>Leptynite</h1>
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<hw>Lep"ty*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Granulite</er>.</def>

<h1>Lere</h1>
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<hw>Lere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lore</er> knowledge.]</ety> <def>Learning; lesson; lore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Lere</h1>
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<hw>Lere</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>leeren</ets>, <ets>leren</ets>, AS. <ets>l<?/ran</ets>. See <er>Lore</er>, <er>Learn</er>.]</ety> <def>To learn; to teach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lere</h1>
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<hw>Lere</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Empty. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Lere</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Lere</h1>
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<hw>Lere</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>lira</ets> flesh; cf. Icel <ets>l\'91r</ets> thigh.]</ety> <def>Flesh; skin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "His white <i>leer</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lered</h1>
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<hw>Ler"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>lere</ets>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Learned.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " Lewed man or <i>lered</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lern\'91a</h1>
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<hw>Ler*n\'91"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>Lernaeus</ets> Lern\'91an, fr. <ets>Lerna</ets>, Gr. <?/, a forest and marsh near Argos, the mythological abode of the hydra.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an genus of parasitic Entomostraca, -- the same as the family <i>Lern\'91id\'91</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; The genus is restricted by modern zo\'94logists to a limited number of species similar to <i>Lern\'91a branchialis</i> found on the gills of the cod.</note>

<h1>Lern\'91acea</h1>
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<hw>Ler`n\'91*a"ce*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Lern\'91a</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of copepod Crustacea, including a large number of remarkable forms, mostly parasitic on fishes. The young, however, are active and swim freely. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Lernean</h1>
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<hw>Ler*ne"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lern\'91a</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a family (<spn>Lern\'91id\'91</spn>) of parasitic Crustacea found attached to fishes and other marine animals. Some species penetrate the skin and flesh with the elongated head, and feed on the viscera. See <i>Illust</i>. in Appendix.</def>

<h1>L\'82rot</h1>
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<hw>L\'82`rot"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European rodent (<spn>Eliomys nitela</spn>), allied to the dormouse.</def>

<h1>Les</h1>
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<hw>Les</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A leash.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lesbian</h1>
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<hw>Les"bi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the island anciently called <i>Lesbos</i>, now Mitylene, in the Grecian Archipelago.</def>

<h1>Lese</h1>
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<hw>Lese</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lese-majesty</h1>
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<hw>Lese`-maj"es*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Leze majesty</er>.</def>

<h1>Lesion</h1>
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<hw>Le"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lesion</ets>, L. <ets>laesio</ets>, fr. <ets>laedere</ets>, <ets>laesum</ets>, to hurt, injure.]</ety> <def>A hurt; an injury.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>Loss sustained from failure to fulfill a bargain or contract</def>. <i>Burrill</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any morbid change in the exercise of functions or the texture of organs.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>-less</h1>
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<hw>-less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[AS. <ets>le\'a0s</ets> loose, false; akin to OS. <ets>l<?/s</ets> loose, false, D. <ets>los</ets> loose, <ets>loos</ets> false, sly, G. <ets>los</ets> loose, Icel. <ets>lauss</ets> loose, vacant, Goth. <ets>laus</ets> empty, vain, and also to E. <ets>loose</ets>, <ets>lose</ets>. &root;127. See <er>Lose</er>, and cf. <er>Loose</er>, <er>Leasing</er>.]</ety> <def>A privative adjective suffix, denoting <i>without</i>, <i>destitute of</i>, <i>not having</i>; as wit<i>less</i>, child<i>less</i>, father<i>less</i>.</def>

<h1>Less</h1>
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<hw>Less</hw> <tt>(l&ecr;s)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <def>Unless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson. </i>

<h1>Less</h1>
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<hw>Less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lesse</ets>, AS. <ets>l&aemac;ssa</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>l&emac;ssa</ets>; a compar. from a lost positive form. Cf. <er>Lesser</er>, <er>Lest</er>, <er>Least</er>. <ets>Less</ets> has the sense of the comparative degree of <ets>little</ets>.]</ety> <def>Smaller; not so large or great; not so much; shorter; inferior; <as>as, a <ex>less</ex> quantity or number; a horse of <ex>less</ex> size or value; in <ex>less</ex> time than before.</as></def>

<note>&hand; The substantive which <i>less</i> qualifies is often omitted; as, the purse contained <i>less</i> (money) than ten dollars. See <er>Less</er>, <tt>n.</tt></note>

<blockquote>Thus in <b>less</b> [time] than a hundred years from the coming of Augustine, all England became Christian.
<i>E. A. Freeman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Less</h1>
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<hw>Less</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>l<?/s</ets>. See <er>Less</er>, <ets>adj</ets>., and cf. <er>Lest</er>.]</ety> <def>Not so much; in a smaller or lower degree; <as>as, <ex>less</ex> bright or loud; <ex>less</ex> beautiful.</as></def>

<h1>Less</h1>
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<hw>Less</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A smaller portion or quantity.</def>

<blockquote>The children of Israel did so, and gathered, some more, some <b>less</b>.
<i>Ex. xvi. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The inferior, younger, or smaller.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>less</b> is blessed of the better.
<i>Heb. vii. 7. </i></blockquote>

<h1>Less</h1>
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<hw>Less</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make less; to lessen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Lessee</h1>
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<hw>Les*see"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>laiss\'82</ets>, p. p. of <ets>laisser</ets>. See <er>Lease</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person to whom a lease is given, or who takes an estate by lease.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Lessen</h1>
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<hw>Less"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lessened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lessening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Less</er>, <tt>a.</tt> ]</ety> <def>To make less; to reduce; to make smaller, or fewer; to diminish; to lower; to degrade; <as>as, to <ex>lessen</ex> a kingdom, or a population; to <ex>lessen</ex> speed, rank, fortune.</as></def>

<blockquote>Charity . . . shall <b>lessen</b> his punishment.
<i>Calamy.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>St. Paul chose to magnify his office when ill men conspired to <b>lessen</b> it.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To diminish; reduce; abate; decrease; lower; impair; weaken; degrade.</syn>

<h1>Lessen</h1>
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<hw>Less"en</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become less; to shrink; to contract; to decrease; to be diminished; <as>as, the apparent magnitude of objects <ex>lessens</ex> as we recede from them; his care, or his wealth, <ex>lessened</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The objection <b>lessens</b> much, and comes to no more than this: there was one witness of no good reputation.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lessener</h1>
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<hw>Less"en*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, lessens.</def>

<blockquote>His wife . . . is the <b>lessener</b> of his pain, and the augmenter of his pleasure.
<i>J. Rogers (1839). </i></blockquote>

<h1>Lesser</h1>
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<hw>Less"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[This word is formed by adding anew the compar. suffix <ets>-er</ets> (in which <ets>r</ets> is from an original <ets>s</ets>) to <ets>less</ets>. See <er>Less</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Less; smaller; inferior.</def>

<blockquote>God made . . . the <b>lesser</b> light to rule the night.
<i>Gen. i. 15.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Lesser</i> is used for <i>less</i>, now the compar. of <i>little</i>, in certain special instances in which its employment has become established by custom; as, <i>Lesser</i> Asia (i. e., Asia Minor), the <i>lesser</i> light, and some others; also in poetry, for the sake of the meter, and in prose where its use renders the passage more euphonious.</note>

<blockquote>The more my prayer, the <b>lesser</b> is my grace.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The larger here, and there the <b>lesser</b> lambs.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By the same reason may a man, in the state of nature, punish the <b>lesser</b> breaches of the law.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lesser</h1>
<Xpage=844>

<hw>Less"er</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Less.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Lesses</h1>
<Xpage=844>

<hw>Les"ses</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>laiss\'82es</ets>, from <ets>laisser</ets> to leave. See <er>Lease</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>The leavings or dung of beasts.</def>

<h1>Lesson</h1>
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<hw>Les"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lessoun</ets>, F. <ets>le<?/on</ets> lesson, reading, fr. L. <ets>lectio</ets> a reading, fr. <ets>legere</ets> to read, collect. See <er>Legend</er>, and cf. <er>Lection</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything read or recited to a teacher by a pupil or learner; something, as a portion of a book, assigned to a pupil to be studied or learned at one time.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is learned or taught by an express effort; instruction derived from precept, experience, observation, or deduction; a precept; a doctrine; <as>as, to take or give a <ex>lesson</ex> in drawing</as>.</def>" A smooth and pleasing <i>lesson</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Emprinteth well this <b>lesson</b> in your mind.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A portion of Scripture read in divine service for instruction; <as>as, here endeth the first <ex>lesson</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A severe lecture; reproof; rebuke; warning.</def>

<blockquote>She would give her a <b>lesson</b> for walking so late.
<i>Sir. P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>(Mus.) An exercise; a composition serving an educational purpose; a study.</def>

<h1>Lesson</h1>
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<hw>Les"son</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lessoned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lessoning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To teach; to instruct.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>To rest the weary, and to soothe the sad,
Doth <b>lesson</b> happier men, and shame at least the bad.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lessor</h1>
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<hw>Les"sor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lessee</er>, <er>Lease</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who leases; the person who lets to farm, or gives a lease.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Lest</h1>
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<hw>Lest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To listen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Lest</h1>
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<hw>Lest</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See List to choose.]</ety> <def>Lust; desire; pleasure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lest</h1>
<Xpage=844>

<hw>Lest</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Last; least.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lest</h1>
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<hw>Lest</hw>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[OE.<ets>leste</ets>, fr. AS. <?/<?/ <ets>l<?/s <?/</ets> the less that, where <?/ is the instrumental case of the definite article, and <?/ is an indeclinable relative particle, <ets>that</ets>, <ets>who</ets>, <ets>which</ets>. See <er>The</er>, <er>Less</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>For <?/ear that; that . . . not; in order that . . . not.</def>

<blockquote>Love not sleep, <b>lest</b> thou come to poverty.
<i>Prov. xx. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wherefore let him that thinketh he standeth he standeth take heed <b>lest</b> he fall.
<i>I Cor. x. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That (without the negative particle); -- after certain expressions denoting <i>fear</i> or <i>apprehension</i>.</def>

<blockquote>I feared
<b>Lest</b> I might anger thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>-let</h1>
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<hw>-let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<ety>[From two French dim. endings <ets>-el</ets> (L. <ets>-ellus</ets>) and <ets>-et</ets>, as in brace<ets>let</ets>.]</ety> <def>A noun suffix having a diminutive force; as in stream<i>let</i>, arm<i>let</i>.</def>

<h1>Let</h1>
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<hw>Let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE.<ets>letten</ets>, AS. <ets>lettan</ets> to delay, to hinder, fr. <ets>l\'91t</ets> slow; akin to D. <ets>letten</ets> to hinder, G. <ets>verletzen</ets> to hurt, Icel. <ets>letja</ets> to hold back, Goth. <ets>latjan</ets>. See <er>Late</er>.]</ety> <def>To retard; to hinder; to impede; to oppose.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>He was so strong that no man might him <b>let</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He who now <b>letteth</b> will <b>let</b>, until he be taken out of the way.
<i>2. Thess. ii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Mine ancient wound is hardly whole,
And <b>lets</b> me from the saddle.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Let</h1>
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<hw>Let</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A retarding; hindrance; obstacle; impediment; delay; -- common in the phrase <i>without let or hindrance</i>, but elsewhere archaic.</def>

<i>Keats.</i>

<blockquote>Consider whether your doings be to the <b>let</b> of your salvation or not.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Lawn Tennis)</fld> <def>A stroke in which a ball touches the top of the net in passing over.</def>

<h1>Let</h1>
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<hw>Let</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Let</er> (<er>Letted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>[Obs]</mark>.); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Letting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>leten</ets>, <ets>l\'91ten</ets> (past tense <ets>lat</ets>, <ets>let</ets>, p. p. <ets>laten</ets>, <ets>leten</ets>, <ets>lete</ets>), AS. <ets>l&aemac;tan</ets> (past tense <ets>l&emac;t</ets>, p. p. <ets>l&aemac;ten</ets>); akin to OFries. <ets>l&emac;ta</ets>, OS. <ets>l\'betan</ets>, D. <ets>laten</ets>, G. <ets>lessen</ets>, OHG. <ets>l\'bezzan</ets>, Icel. <ets>l\'beta</ets>, Sw. <ets>l\'86ta</ets>, Dan. <ets>lade</ets>, Goth. <ets>l&emac;tan</ets>, and L. <ets>lassus</ets> weary. The original meaning seems to have been, to let loose, let go, let drop. Cf. <er>Alas</er>, <er>Late</er>, <er>Lassitude</er>, <er>Let</er> to hinder.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To leave; to relinquish; to abandon.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic, except when followed by alone or be.]</mark>

<blockquote>He . . . prayed him his voyage for to <b>let</b>
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Yet neither spins nor cards, ne cares nor frets,
But to her mother Nature all her care she <b>lets</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Let</b> me alone in choosing of my wife.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To consider; to think; to esteem.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause; to make; -- used with the infinitive in the active form but in the passive sense; <as>as, <ex>let</ex> make, <it>i. e</it>., cause to be made; <i>let</i> bring, <it>i. e.</it>, cause to be brought.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This irous, cursed wretch
<b>Let</b> this knight's son anon before him fetch.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He . . . thus <b>let</b> do slay hem all three.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Anon he <b>let</b> two coffers make.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To permit; to allow; to suffer; -- either affirmatively, by positive act, or negatively, by neglecting to restrain or prevent.</def>

<note>&hand; In this sense, when followed by an infinitive, the latter is commonly without the sign <i>to</i>; as to <i>let</i> us walk, <it>i. e.</it>, to permit or suffer us to walk. Sometimes there is entire omission of the verb; as, to <i>let</i> [to be or to go] loose.</note>

<blockquote>Pharaoh said, I will <b>let</b> you go
<i>Ex. viii. 28.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If your name be Horatio, as I am <b>let</b> to know it is.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To allow to be used or occupied for a compensation; to lease; to rent; to hire out; -- often with <ptcl>out</ptcl>; <as>as, to <ex>let</ex> a farm; to <ex>let</ex> a house; to <ex>let</ex> out horses.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To give, grant, or assign, as a work, privilege, or contract; -- often with <ptcl>out</ptcl>; <as>as, to <ex>let</ex> the building of a bridge; to <ex>let</ex> out the lathing and the plastering.</as></def>

<note>&hand; The active form of the infinitive of <i>let</i>, as of many other English verbs, is often used in a passive sense; as, a house <i>to let</i> (<it>i. e.</it>, for letting, or to be let). This form of expression conforms to the use of the Anglo-Saxon gerund with <i>to</i> (dative infinitive) which was commonly so employed. See <er>Gerund</er>, 2. " Your elegant house in Harley Street is <i>to let</i>." <i>Thackeray.</i>
    In the imperative mood, before the first person plural, <i>let</i> has a hortative force. " Rise up, <i>let</i> us go." <i>Mark xiv. 42</i>. " <i>Let</i> us seek out some desolate shade." <i>Shak.</i></note>

<cs><col>To let alone</col>, <cd>to leave; to withdraw from; to refrain from interfering with.</cd> -- <col>To let blood</col>, <cd>to cause blood to flow; to bleed.</cd> -- <col>To let down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To lower</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To soften in tempering; as <i>to let down<i> tools, cutlery, and the like.</cd><-- to let (someone) down. to disappoint (someone) by filing to perform as expected. --> -- <mcol><col>To let</col> <col>drive &or; fly</col></mcol>, <cd>to discharge with violence, as a blow, an arrow, or stone. See under <er>Drive</er>, and <er>Fly</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To let in</col> &or; into. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To permit or suffer to enter; to admit.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To insert, or imbed, as a piece of wood, in a recess formed in a surface for the purpose</cd>. <col>To let loose</col></mcol>, <cd>to remove restraint from; to permit to wander at large.</cd> -- <col>To let off</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To discharge; to let fly, as an arrow; to fire the charge of, as a gun</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To release, as from an engagement or obligation</cd>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <col>To let out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To allow to go forth; <as>as, <ex>to let out<ex> a prisoner</as></cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To extend or loosen, as the folds of a garment; to enlarge; to suffer to run out, as a cord</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To lease; to give out for performance by contract, as a job</cd>. <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To divulge.</cd> -- <col>To let slide</col>, <cd>to let go; to cease to care for. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> " <i>Let<i> the world <i>slide<i>."</cd> <i>Shak.</i></cs>

<h1>Let</h1>
<Xpage=844>

<hw>Let</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To forbear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be let or leased; <as>as, the farm <ex>lets</ex> for $500 a year</as>. See note under <er>Left</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<cs><col>To let on</col>, <cd>to tell; to tattle; to divulge something.</cd> <mark>[Low]</mark> -- <col>To let up</col></mcol>, <cd>to become less severe; to diminish; to cease; <as>as, when the storm <ex>lets up<ex>.</as> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Let-alone</h1>
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<hw>Let"-a*lone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Letting alone.</def>

<cs><col>The let-alone principle, doctrine, &or; policy</col>. <fld>(Polit. Econ.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Laissez faire</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Letch</h1>
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<hw>Letch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Leach</er>.</def>

<h1>Letch</h1>
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<hw>Letch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lech</er>, <er>Lecher</er>.]</ety> <def>Strong desire; passion. (<mark>Archaic</mark>.)</def>

<blockquote>Some people have a <b>letch</b> for unmasking impostors, or for avenging the wrongs of others.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Letchy</h1>
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<hw>Letch"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Leachy</er>.</def>

<h1>Lete</h1>
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<hw>Lete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To let; to leave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Leten</h1>
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<hw>Let"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs. p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Lete</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lethal</h1>
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<hw>Leth"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>L</ets>auric + <ets>eth</ets>er + <ets>al</ets>cohol.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the higher alcohols of the paraffine series obtained from spermaceti as a white crystalline solid. It is so called because it occurs in the ethereal salt of lauric acid.</def>

<hr>
<page="845">
Page 845<p>

<h1>Lethal</h1>
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<hw>Le"thal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lethalis</ets>, <ets>letalis</ets>, fr. <ets>lethum</ets>, <ets>letum</ets>, death: cf. F. <ets>l\'82thal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deadly; mortal; fatal.</def> "The <i>lethal</i> blow." <i>W. Richardson</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Le"thal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lethality</h1>
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<hw>Le*thal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>l\'82thalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being lethal; mortality.</def>

<h1>Lethargic, Lethargical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Le*thar"gic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Le*thar"gic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lethargicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>l\'82thargique</ets>. See <er>Lethargy</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, affected with, or resembling, lethargy; morbidly drowsy; dull; heavy.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Le*thar"gic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>v.</tt> -- <wf>Le*thar"gic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Le*thar"gic*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lethargize</h1>
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<hw>Leth"ar*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lethargized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lethargizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make lethargic.</def>

<blockquote>All bitters are poison, and act by stilling, and depressing, and <b>lethargizing</b> the irritability.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lethargy</h1>
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<hw>Leth"ar*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-gies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>l\'82thargie</ets>, L. <ets>letgargia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ forgetful, fr. <?/ forgetfulness. See <er>Lethe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Morbid drowsiness; continued or profound sleep, from which a person can scarcely be awaked.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of inaction or indifference.</def>

<blockquote>Europe lay then under a deep <b>lethargy</b>.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lethargy</h1>
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<hw>Leth"ar*gy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lethargize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Lethe</h1>
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<hw>Le"the</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lethal</er>.]</ety> <def>Death.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Lethe</h1>
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<hw>Le"the</hw> <tt>(l&emac;"th&esl;)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, prop., forgetfulness; akin to <?/ to forget, <?/ to escape notice.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A river of Hades whose waters when drunk caused forgetfulness of the past.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Oblivion; a draught of oblivion; forgetfulness.</def>

<h1>Lethean</h1>
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<hw>Le*the"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Letha<?/us</ets>, Gr. <?/ or <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Lethe; resembling in effect the water of Lethe.</def>

<i>Milton. Barrow.</i>

<h1>Letheed</h1>
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<hw>Le"theed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Caused by Lethe.</def> " <i>Letheed</i> dullness." <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Letheon</h1>
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<hw>Le"the*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Sulphuric ether used as an an\'91sthetic agent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Letheonize</h1>
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<hw>Le"the*on*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To subject to the influence of letheon.</def> <mark>[R. or Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lethiferous</h1>
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<hw>Le*thif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lethifer</ets>, <ets>letifer</ets>, fr. <ets>lethum</ets>, <ets>letum</ets>, death + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear, to bring: cf. F. <ets>l\'82thif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deadly; bringing death or destruction.</def>

<h1>Lethy</h1>
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<hw>Le"thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lethean.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Let-off</h1>
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<hw>Let"-off`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A device for letting off, releasing, or giving forth, as the warp from the cylinder of a loom.</def>

<h1>Lette</h1>
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<hw>Let"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Letted</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To let; to hinder. See <er>Let</er>, to hinder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Letter</h1>
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<hw>Let"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Let</er> to permit.]</ety> <def>One who lets or permits; one who lets anything for hire.</def>

<h1>Letter</h1>
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<hw>Let"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Let</er> to hinder.]</ety> <def>One who retards or hinders.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>

<h1>Letter</h1>
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<hw>Let"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lettre</ets>, F. <ets>lettre</ets>, OF. <ets>letre</ets>, fr. L.<ets>littera</ets>, <ets>litera</ets>, a letter; pl., an epistle, a writing, literature, fr. <ets>linere</ets>, <ets>litum</ets>, to besmear, to spread or rub over; because one of the earliest modes of writing was by graving the characters upon tablets smeared over or covered with wax. <i>Pliny, xiii. 11</i>. See <er>Leniment</er>, and cf. <er>Literal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mark or character used as the representative of a sound, or of an articulation of the human organs of speech; a first element of written language.</def>

<blockquote>And a superscription also was written over him in <b>letters</b> of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew.
<i>Luke xxiii. 38.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A written or printed communication; a message expressed in intelligible characters on something adapted to conveyance, as paper, parchment, etc.; an epistle.</def>

<blockquote>The style of <b>letters</b> ought to be free, easy, and natural.
<i>Walsh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A writing; an inscription.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>None could expound what this <b>letter</b> meant.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Verbal expression; literal statement or meaning; exact signification or requirement.</def>

<blockquote>We must observe the <b>letter</b> of the law, without doing violence to the reason of the law and the intention of the lawgiver.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I broke the <b>letter</b> of it to keep the sense.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A single type; type, collectively; a style of type.</def>

<blockquote>Under these buildings . . . was the king's printing house, and that famous <b>letter</b> so much esteemed.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Learning; erudition; <as>as, a man of <ex>letters</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A letter; an epistle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Dead letter</col>, <col>Drop letter</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Dead</er>, <er>Drop</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Letter book</col>, <cd>a book in which copies of letters are kept.</cd> -- <col>Letter box</col>, <cd>a box for the reception of letters to be mailed or delivered.</cd> -- <col>Letter carrier</col>, <cd>a person who carries letters; a postman; specif., an officer of the post office who carries letters to the persons to whom they are addressed, and collects letters to be mailed.</cd> -- <col>Letter cutter</col>, <cd>one who engraves letters or letter punches.</cd> -- <col>Letter lock</col>, <cd>a lock that can not be opened when fastened, unless certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a part of in are in such a position (indicated by a particular combination of the letters) as to permit the bolt to be withdrawn.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>A strange lock that opens with AMEN.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Letter paper</col>, <cd>paper for writing letters on; especially, a size of paper intermediate between note paper and foolscap. See <er>Paper</er>.</cd> -- <col>Letter punch</col>, <cd>a steel punch with a letter engraved on the end, used in making the matrices for type.</cd> -- <col>Letters of administration</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the instrument by which an administrator or administratrix is authorized to administer the goods and estate of a deceased person.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Letter of attorney</col>, <col>Letter of credit</col></mcol>, etc. <cd>See under <er>Attorney</er>, <er>Credit</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Letter of license</col>, <cd>a paper by which creditors extend a debtor's time for paying his debts.</cd> -- <col>Letters close &or; clause</col> <fld>(Eng. Law.)</fld>, <cd>letters or writs directed to particular persons for particular purposes, and hence <i>closed</i> or sealed on the outside; -- distinguished from <i>letters patent</i>. <i>Burrill</i>.</cd> -- <col>Letters of orders</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>a document duly signed and sealed, by which a bishop makes it known that he has regularly ordained a certain person as priest, deacon, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Letters patent</col>, <col>overt</col>, &or; <col>open</col></mcol> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a writing executed and sealed, by which power and authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy some right; <as>as, <ex>letters patent</ex> under the seal of England</as>.</cd> -- <col>Letter-sheet envelope</col>, <cd>a stamped sheet of letter paper issued by the government, prepared to be folded and sealed for transmission by mail without an envelope.</cd> -- <col>Letters testamentary</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an instrument granted by the proper officer to an executor after probate of a will, authorizing him to act as executor.</cd> -- <col>Letter writer</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>One who writes letters.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A machine for copying letters</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A book giving directions and forms for the writing of letters.</cd></cs>

<h1>Letter</h1>
<Xpage=845>

<hw>Let"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lettered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lettering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To impress with letters; to mark with letters or words; <as>as, a book gilt and <ex>lettered</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Lettered</h1>
<Xpage=845>

<hw>Let"tered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Literate; educated; versed in literature.</def> " Are you not <i>lettered</i>?"

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The unlettered barbarians willingly accepted the aid of the <b>lettered</b> clergy, still chiefly of Roman birth, to reduce to writing the institutes of their forefathers.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to learning or literature; learned.</def> " A <i>lettered</i> education."

<i>Collier.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Inscribed or stamped with letters.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Letterer</h1>
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<hw>Let"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes, inscribes, or engraves, alphabetical letters.</def>

<h1>Lettering</h1>
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<hw>Let"ter*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or business of making, or marking with, letters, as by cutting or painting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The letters made; <as>as, the <ex>lettering</ex> of a sign</as>.</def>

<h1>Letterless</h1>
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<hw>Let"ter*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not having a letter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Illiterate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Waterhouse.</i>

<h1>Lettern</h1>
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<hw>Let"tern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lecturn</er>.</def>

<h1>Letterpress</h1>
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<hw>Let"ter*press"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Print; letters and words impressed on paper or other material by types; -- often used of the reading matter in distinction from the illustrations.</def>

<blockquote>Letterpress printing, printing directly from type, in distinction from printing from plates.

<h1>Letterure</h1>
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<hw>Let"ter*ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Letters; literature.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To teach him <i>letterure</i> and courtesy."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Letterwood</h1>
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<hw>Let"ter*wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The beautiful and highly elastic wood of a tree of the genus <spn>Brosimum</spn> (<spn>B. Aubletii</spn>), found in Guiana; -- so called from black spots in it which bear some resemblance to hieroglyphics; also called <altname>snakewood</altname>, and <altname>leopardwood</altname>. It is much used for bows and for walking sticks.</def>

<h1>Lettic</h1>
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<hw>Let"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the Letts; Lettish</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to a branch of the Slavic family, subdivided into Lettish, Lithuanian, and Old Prussian.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The language of the Letts; Lettish.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The language of the Lettic race, including Lettish, Lithuanian, and Old Prussian.</def></def2>

<h1>Lettish</h1>
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<hw>Let"tish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Letts.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The language spoken by the Letts. See <er>Lettic</er>.</def></def2>

<h1>Lettrure</h1>
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<hw>Let"trure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Letterure</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Letts</h1>
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<hw>Letts</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Lett</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>An Indo-European people, allied to the Lithuanians and Old Prussians, and inhabiting a part of the Baltic provinces of Russia.</def>

<h1>Lettuce</h1>
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<hw>Let"tuce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>letuce</ets>, prob. through Old French from some Late Latin derivative of L. <ets>lactuca</ets> lettuce, which, according to Varro, is fr. <ets>lac</ets>, <ets>lactis</ets>, milk, on account of the milky white juice which flows from it when it is cut: cf. F. <ets>laitue</ets>. Cf. <er>Lacteal</er>, <er>Lactucic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A composite plant of the genus <spn>Lactuca</spn> (<spn>L. sativa</spn>), the leaves of which are used as salad. Plants of this genus yield a milky juice, from which lactucarium is obtained. The commonest wild lettuce of the United States is <i>L. Canadensis</i>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Hare's lettuce</col>, <col>Lamb's lettuce</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Hare</er>, and <er>Lamb</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lettuce opium</col>. <cd>See <er>Lactucarium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sea lettuce</col>, <cd>certain papery green seaweeds of the genus <spn>Ulva</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Letuary</h1>
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<hw>Let"u*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Electuary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Letup</h1>
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<hw>Let"*up`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Let</er> to forbear.]</ety> <def>Abatement; also, cessation; <as>as, it blew a gale for three days without any <ex>let-up</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Leuc-</h1>
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<hw>Leuc-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. Same as <er>Leuco-</er>.</def>

<h1>Leucadendron</h1>
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<hw>Leu`ca*den"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ white + <?/ tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of evergreen shrubs from the Cape of Good Hope, having handsome foliage. <spn>Leucadendron argenteum</spn> is the <stype>silverboom</stype> of the colonists.</def>

<h1>Leucaniline</h1>
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<hw>Leu*can"i*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leuc-</ets> + <ets>aniline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, crystalline, organic base, obtained from rosaniline by reduction, and also from other sources. It forms colorless salts.</def>

<h1>Leuch\'91mia</h1>
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<hw>Leu*ch\'91"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ white + <?/ blood.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Leucocyth\'91mia</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Leu*ch\'91m"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms> <altsp>[Written also <asp>leuk\'91mia</asp>, <asp>leuk\'91mic</asp>.]</altsp>
<-- now (1990) mainly leukemia -->

<h1>Leucic, Leucinic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Leu"cic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Leu*cin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from leucin, and called also <altname>oxycaproic acid</altname>.</def>

<h1>Leucin</h1>
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<hw>Leu"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ white.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance formed in the decomposition of albuminous matter by pancreatic digestion, by the action of boiling dilute sulphuric acid, and by putrefaction. It is also found as a constituent of various tissues and organs, as the spleen, pancreas, etc., and likewise in the vegetable kingdom. Chemically it is to be considered as amido-caproic acid.</def>
<-- now called "leucine", one of the essential amino acids (not synthesized by the human body, required component for proper nutrition). <chform>(CH3)2CH.CH2.CH(NH2)-COOH</chform>. L-leucine, the natural form, is present in most proteins. -->

<h1>Leucite</h1>
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<hw>Leu"cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/ white: cf. F. <ets>leucite</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral having a glassy fracture, occurring in translucent trapezohedral crystals. It is a silicate of alumina and potash. It is found in the volcanic rocks of Italy, especially at Vesuvius.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leucoplast.</def>

<h1>Leucitic</h1>
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<hw>Leu*cit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Containing leucite; <as>as, <ex>leucitic</ex> rocks</as>.</def>

<h1>Leucitoid</h1>
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<hw>Leu"ci*toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leucite</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The trapezohedron or tetragonal trisoctahedron; -- so called as being the form of the mineral leucite.</def>

<h1>Leuco-, Leuc-</h1>
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<hw><hw>Leu"co-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Leuc-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw><ety>[Gr. <?/ white.]</ety> <def>A combining form signifying <i>white</i>, <i>colorless</i>; specif. <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, denoting an extensive series of <i>colorless</i> organic compounds, obtained by reduction from certain other <i>colored</i> compounds; <as>as, <ex>leuc</ex>aniline, <ex>leuc</ex>aurin, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Leucocyte</h1>
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<hw>Leu"co*cyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leuco-</ets> + Cr. <?/ a hollow vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A colorless corpuscle, as one of the white blood corpuscles, or those found in lymph, marrow of hone, connective tissue, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; They all consist of more or less spherical masses of protoplasm, without any surrounding membrane or wall, and are capable of motion.</note>

<h1>Leucocyth\'91mia, Leucocythemia</h1>
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<hw><hw>Leu`co*cy*th\'91"mi*a</hw>, <hw>Leu`co*cy*the"mi*a</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ white + <?/ a hollow vessel + <?/ blood.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease in which the white corpuscles of the blood are largely increased in number, and there is enlargement of the spleen, or the lymphatic glands; leuch\'91mia.</def>

<h1>Leucocytogenesis</h1>
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<hw>Leu`co*cy`to*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leucocyte</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The formation of leucocytes.</def>

<h1>Leucoethiopic</h1>
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<hw>Leu`co*e`thi*op"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leuco-</ets> + <ets>Ethiopic</ets>.]</ety> <def>White and black; -- said of a white animal of a black species, or the albino of the negro race.</def>

<h1>Leucoethiops</h1>
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<hw>Leu`co*e"thi*ops</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leuco-</ets> + <ets>Aethiops</ets>.]</ety> <def>An albino.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>leuc\'d2thiops</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Leucoline</h1>
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<hw>Leu"co*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leuc-</ets> + L. <ets>ol</ets>eum oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous organic base from coal tar, and identical with quinoline. Cf. <er>Quinoline</er>.</def>

<h1>Leucoma</h1>
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<hw>Leu*co"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.<?/, fr. <?/ white.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A white opacity in the cornea of the eye; -- called also <altname>albugo</altname>.</def>

<h1>Leucomaine</h1>
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<hw>Leu*co"ma*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leuco-</ets> + <ets>-maine</ets>, as in <ets>ptomaine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An animal base or alkaloid, appearing in the tissue during life; hence, a vital alkaloid, as distinguished from a <i>ptomaine</i> or cadaveric poison.</def>

<h1>Leuconic</h1>
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<hw>Leu*con"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leuc-</ets> + croc<ets>onic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a complex organic acid, obtained as a yellowish white gum by the oxidation of croconic acid.</def>

<h1>Leucopathy</h1>
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<hw>Leu*cop"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leuco-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/ to suffer.]</ety> <def>The state of an albino, or of a white child of black parents.</def>

<h1>Leucophane</h1>
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<hw>Leu"co*phane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ appearing bright or white; <?/ white + <?/ to show: cf. G.<ets>leukophan</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a greenish yellow color; it is a silicate of glucina, lime, and soda with fluorine. Called also <altname>leucophanite</altname>.</def>

<h1>Leucophlegmacy</h1>
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<hw>Leu`co*phleg"ma*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ white + <?/ phlegm: cf. F. <ets>leucophlegmasie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A dropsical habit of body, or the commencement of anasarca; paleness, with viscid juices and cold sweats.</def>

<h1>Leucophlegmatic</h1>
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<hw>Leu`co*phleg*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>leucophlegmatique</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Having a dropsical habit of body, with a white bloated skin.</def>

<h1>Leucophyll</h1>
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<hw>Leu"co*phyll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leuco-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless substance isomeric with chlorophyll, contained in parts of plants capable of becoming green.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Leucophyllous</h1>
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<hw>Leu*coph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ white + <?/ a leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having white or silvery foliage.</def>

<h1>Leucoplast, Leucoplastid</h1>
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<hw><hw>Leu"co*plast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Leu`co*plas"tid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leuco-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to mold.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of certain very minute whitish or colorless granules occurring in the protoplasm of plants and supposed to be the nuclei around which starch granules will form.</def>

<h1>Leucopyrite</h1>
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<hw>Leu*cop"y*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leuco-</ets> + <ets>pyrites</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a color between white and steel-gray, with a metallic luster, and consisting chiefly of arsenic and iron.</def>

<h1>Leucorrh\'d2a</h1>
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<hw>Leu`cor*rh\'d2"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leuco-</ets> + Gr. <grk>"rei^n</grk> to flow.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A discharge of a white, yellowish, or greenish, viscid mucus, resulting from inflammation or irritation of the membrane lining the genital organs of the female; the whites.</def><-- leukorrhea, leukorrhagia -->

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Leucoryx</h1>
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<hw>Leu"co*ryx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ + <?/ a kind of gazelle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large antelope of North Africa (<spn>Oryx leucoryx</spn>), allied to the gemsbok.</def>

<h1>Leucoscope</h1>
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<hw>Leu"co*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leuco-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument, devised by Professor Helmholtz, for testing the color perception of the eye, or for comparing different lights, as to their constituent color or their relative whiteness.</def>

<h1>Leucosoid</h1>
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<hw>Leu"co*soid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Leucosia</ets>, the typical genus (fr. Gr. <?/ white) + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the <spn>Leucosoidea</spn>, a tribe of marine crabs including the box crab or <spn>Calappa</spn>.</def>

<h1>Leucosphere</h1>
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<hw>Leu"co*sphere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leuco-</ets> + <ets>sphere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The inner corona.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Leucoturic</h1>
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<hw>Leu`co*tu"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leuco-</ets> + allan<ets>t</ets>oic + <ets>uric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous organic substance of the uric acid group, called <i>leucoturic</i> acid or <i>oxalantin</i>. See <er>Oxalantin</er>.</def>

<h1>Leucous</h1>
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<hw>Leu"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>White; -- applied to albinos, from the whiteness of their skin and hair.</def>

<h1>Leucoxene</h1>
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<hw>Leu*cox"ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leuco-</ets> + Gr. <grk>xe`nos</grk> stranger.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A nearly opaque white mineral, in part identical with titanite, observed in some igneous rocks as the result of the alteration of titanic iron.</def>

<h1>Leuk\'91mia</h1>
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<hw>Leu*k\'91"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Leucocyth\'91mia.</def>

<mhw><h1>Leuke, a., Leukeness</h1>
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<hw>Leuke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>Leuke"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt></mhw> <def>See <er>Luke</er>, <er>etc.</er></def>

<h1>Leucoplast</h1>
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<hw>Leu"co*plast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Leucoplast</er>.</def>

<h1>Levana</h1>
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<hw>Le*va"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>levare</ets> to raise.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>A goddess who protected newborn infants.</def>

<h1>Levant</h1>
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<hw>Le"vant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. pr. of <ets>lever</ets> to raise.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Rising or having risen from rest; -- said of cattle. See <cref>Couchant and levant</cref>, under <er>Couchant</er>.</def>

<h1>Levant</h1>
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<hw>Le*vant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>levante</ets> the point where the sum rises, the east, the Levant, fr.<ets>levare</ets> to raise, <ets>levarsi</ets> to rise: cf. F. <ets>levant</ets>. See <er>Lever</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The countries washed by the eastern part of the Mediterranean and its contiguous waters.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A levanter (the wind so called).</def>

<h1>Levant</h1>
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<hw>Le"vant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Eastern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Forth rush the <b>levant</b> and the ponent winds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Levant</h1>
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<hw>Le*vant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>levantar</ets> to raise, go from one place to another.]</ety> <def>To run away from one's debts; to decamp.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<hr>
<page="846">
Page 846<p>

<h1>Levanter</h1>
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<hw>Le*vant"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Levant</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>One who levants, or decamps.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Levanter</h1>
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<hw>Le*vant"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Levant</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A strong easterly wind peculiar to the Mediterranean.</def>

<i>W. H. Russell.</i>

<h1>Levantine</h1>
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<hw>Le*vant"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>levantin</ets>, or It. <ets>levantino</ets>. See <er>Levant</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Levant.</def>

<i>J. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Levantine</h1>
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<hw>Le*vant"ine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of the Levant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>levantine</ets>, or It. <ets>levantina</ets>.]</ety> <def>A stout twilled silk fabric, formerly made in the Levant.</def>

<h1>Levari facias</h1>
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<hw>Le*va`ri fa"ci*as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Law L., cause to be levied.]</ety> <def>A writ of execution at common law.</def>

<h1>Levation</h1>
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<hw>Le*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>levatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of raising; elevation; upward motion, as that produced by the action of a <i>levator</i> muscle.</def>

<h1>Levator</h1>
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<hw>Le*va"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>levare</ets> to raise. See <er>Lever</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle that serves to raise some part, as the lip or the eyelid.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A surgical instrument used to raise a depressed part of the skull.</def>

<h1>Leve</h1>
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<hw>Leve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dear. See <er>Lief</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Leve</h1>
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<hw>Leve</hw>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>Same as 3d & 4th <er>Leave</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Leve</h1>
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<hw>Leve</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To live.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Leve</h1>
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<hw>Leve</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE., fr. AS. <ets>l<?/fan</ets>, abbrev. fr. <ets>gel<?/fan</ets>. See <er>Believe</er>.]</ety> <def>To believe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Leve</h1>
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<hw>Leve</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>leven</ets>, AS. <ets>l<?/fan</ets>, <ets>l<?/fan</ets>. See <er>Leave</er> permission.]</ety> <def>To grant; -- used esp. in exclamations or prayers followed by a dependent clause.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>God <b>leve</b> all be well.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Levee</h1>
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<hw>Lev"ee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lever</ets>, fr. <ets>lever</ets> to raise, <ets>se lever</ets> to rise. See <er>Lever</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of rising.</def> " The sun's <i>levee</i>."

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A morning assembly or reception of visitors, -- in distinction from a <i>soir\'82e</i>, or evening assembly; a <i>matin\'82e</i>; hence, also, any general or somewhat miscellaneous gathering of guests, whether in the daytime or evening; <as>as, the president's <ex>levee</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; In England a ceremonious day reception, when attended by both ladies and gentlemen, is called a <i>drawing-room</i>.</note>

<h1>Levee</h1>
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<hw>Lev"ee</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To attend the levee or levees of.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>levees</b> all the great.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Levee</h1>
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<hw>Lev"ee</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lev\'82e</ets>, fr. <ets>lever</ets> to raise. See <er>Lever</er>, and cf. <er>Levy</er>.]</ety> <def>An embankment to prevent inundation; <as>as, the <ex>levees</ex> along the Mississippi</as>; sometimes, the steep bank of a river.</def> <mark>[U. S. ]</mark>

<h1>Levee</h1>
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<hw>Lev"ee</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To keep within a channel by means of levees; <as>as, to <ex>levee</ex> a river</as>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Lev\'82e en masse</h1>
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<hw>Le*v\'82e" en` masse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <cref>Levy in mass</cref>, under <er>Levy</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Leveful</h1>
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<hw>Leve"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Leve</ets>, <tt>n.</tt> + <ets>-ful</ets>.]</ety> <def>Allowable; permissible; lawful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Level</h1>
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<hw>Lev"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>level</ets>, <ets>livel</ets>, OF. <ets>livel</ets>, F. <ets>niveau</ets>, fr. L. <ets>libella</ets> level, water level, a plumb level, dim. of <ets>libra</ets> pound, measure for liquids, balance, water poise, level. Cf. <er>Librate</er>, <er>Libella</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A line or surface to which, at every point, a vertical or plumb line is perpendicular; a line or surface which is everywhere parallel to the surface of still water; -- this is the <i>true level</i>, and is a curve or surface in which all points are equally distant from the center of the earth, or rather would be so if the earth were an exact sphere.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A horizontal line or plane; that is, a straight line or a plane which is tangent to a true level at a given point and hence parallel to the horizon at that point; -- this is the <i>apparent level</i> at the given point.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An approximately horizontal line or surface at a certain degree of altitude, or distance from the center of the earth; <as>as, to climb from the <ex>level</ex> of the coast to the <ex>l<?/vel</ex> of the plateau and then descent to the <ex>level</ex> of the valley or of the sea</as>.</def>

<blockquote>After draining of the <b>level</b> in Northamptonshire.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Shot from the deadly <b>level</b> of a gun.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Hence, figuratively, a certain position, rank, standard, degree, quality, character, etc., conceived of as in one of several planes of different elevation.</def>

<blockquote>Providence, for the most part, sets us on a <b>level</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Somebody there of his own <b>level</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Be the fair <b>level</b> of thy actions laid
As temperance wills and prudence may persuade.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A uniform or average height; a normal plane or altitude; a condition conformable to natural law or which will secure a level surface; <as>as, moving fluids seek a <ex>level</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>When merit shall find its <b>level</b>.
<i>F. W. Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mech. & Surv.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument by which to find a horizontal line, or adjust something with reference to a horizontal line.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A measurement of the difference of altitude of two points, by means of a level; <as>as, to take a <ex>level</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A horizontal passage, drift, or adit, in mine.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Air level</col>, <col>a spirit level</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>Spirit level</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Box level</col>, <cd>a spirit level in which a glass-covered box is used instead of a tube.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Garpenter's level</col>, <col>Mason's level</col></mcol>, <cd>either the <i>plumb level<i> or a straight bar of wood, in which is imbedded a small spirit level.</cd> -- <col>Level of the sea</col>, <cd>the imaginary level from which heights and depths are calculated, taken at a mean distance between high and low water.</cd> -- <col>Line of levels</col>, <cd>a connected series of measurements, by means of a level, along a given line, as of a railroad, to ascertain the profile of the ground.</cd> -- <col>Plumb level</col>, <cd>one in which a horizontal bar is placed in true position by means of a plumb line, to which it is at right angles.</cd> -- <col>Spirit level</col>, <cd>one in which the adjustment to the horizon is shown by the position of a bubble in alcohol or ether contained in a nearly horizontal glass tube, or a circular box with a glass cover.</cd> -- <col>Surveyor's level</col>, <cd>a telescope, with a spirit level attached, and with suitable screws, etc., for accurate adjustment, the whole mounted on a tripod, for use in leveling; -- called also <altname>leveling instrument</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Water level</col>, <cd>an instrument to show the level by means the surface of water in a trough, or in upright tubes connected by a pipe.</cd></cs>

<h1>Level</h1>
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<hw>Lev"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Even; flat; having no part higher than another; having, or conforming to, the curvature which belongs to the undisturbed liquid parts of the earth's surface; <as>as, a <ex>level</ex> field; <ex>level</ex> ground; the <ex>level</ex> surface of a pond or lake.</as></def>

<blockquote>Ample spaces o'er the smooth
And <b>level</b> pavement.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Coinciding or parallel with the plane of the horizon; horizontal; <as>as, the telescope is now <ex>level</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Even with anything else; of the same height; on the same line or plane; on the same footing; of equal importance; -- followed by <i>with</i>, sometimes by <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Young boys and girls
Are <b>level</b> now with men; the odds is gone.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Everything lies <b>level</b> to our wish.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Straightforward; direct; direct; clear; open.</def>

<blockquote>A very plain and <b>level</b> account.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Well balanced; even; just; steady; impartial; <as>as, a <ex>level</ex> head; a <ex>level</ex> understanding. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> </as></def> " A <i>level</i> consideration."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>Of even tone; without rising or falling inflection.</def>

<i>H. Sweet.</i>

<cs><col>Level line</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>the outline of a section which is horizontal crosswise, and parallel with the rabbet of the keel lengthwise.</cd> <col>Level surface</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>an equipotential surface at right angles at every point to the lines of force.</cd></cs>

<h1>Level</h1>
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<hw>Lev"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Leveled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Levelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Leveling</er> or <er>Levelling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make level; to make horizontal; to bring to the condition of a level line or surface; hence, to make flat or even; <as>as, to <ex>level</ex> a road, a walk, or a garden</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring to a lower level; to overthrow; to topple down; to reduce to a flat surface; to lower.</def>

<blockquote>And their proud structures <b>level</b> with the ground.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>levels</b> mountains and he raises plains.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bring to a horizontal position, as a gun; hence, to point in taking aim; to aim; to direct.</def>

<blockquote>Bertram de Gordon, standing on the castle wall, <b>leveled</b> a quarrel out of a crossbow.
<i>Stow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Figuratively, to bring to a common level or plane, in respect of rank, condition, character, privilege, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>level</ex> all the ranks and conditions of men</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To adjust or adapt to a certain level; <as>as, to <ex>level</ex> remarks to the capacity of children</as>.</def>

<blockquote>For all his mind on honor fixed is,
To which he <b>levels</b> all his purposes.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Level</h1>
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<hw>Lev"el</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be level; to be on a level with, or on an equality with, something; hence, to accord; to agree; to suit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With such accommodation and besort
As <b>levels</b> with her breeding.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To aim a gun, spear, etc., horizontally; hence, to aim or point a weapon in direct line with the mark; fig., to direct the eye, mind, or effort, directly to an object.</def>

<blockquote>The foeman may with as great aim <b>level</b> at the edge of a penknife.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The glory of God and the good of his church . . . ought to be the mark whereat we also <b>level</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She <b>leveled</b> at our purposes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Leveler</h1>
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<hw>Lev"el*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>leveller</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, levels.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who would remove social inequalities or distinctions; a socialist.</def>

<h1>Leveling</h1>
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<hw>Lev"el*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>levelling</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or operation of making level.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surveying)</fld> <def>The art or operation of using a leveling instrument for finding a horizontal line, for ascertaining the differences of level between different points of the earth's surface included in a survey, for establishing grades, etc., as in finding the descent of a river, or locating a line of railroad.</def>

<cs><col>Leveling instrument</col>. <cd>See <cref>Surveyor's level</cref>, under <er>Level</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Leveling staff</col>, <cd>a graduated rod or staff used in connection with a leveling instrument for measuring differences of level between points.</cd></cs>

<h1>Levelism</h1>
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<hw>Lev"el*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The disposition or endeavor to level all distinctions of rank in society.</def>

<h1>Levelly</h1>
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<hw>Lev"el*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an even or level manner.</def>

<h1>Levelness</h1>
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<hw>Lev"el*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being level.</def>

<h1>Leven</h1>
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<hw>Lev"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Levin</er>.]</ety> <def>Lightning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Wild thunder dint and fiery <b>leven</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lever</h1>
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<hw>Lev"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Old compar. of <ets>leve</ets> or <ets>lief</ets>.]</ety> <def>More agreeable; more pleasing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>To be lever than</col>. <cd>See <cref>Had as lief</cref>, under <er>Had</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lever</h1>
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<hw>Lev"er</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Bather.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>For <b>lever</b> had I die than see his deadly face.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lever</h1>
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<hw>Le"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>levour</ets>, OF. <ets>leveor</ets>, prop., a lifter, fr. F. <ets>lever</ets> to raise, L. <ets>levare</ets>; akin to <ets>levis</ets> light in weight, E. <ets>levity</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>light</ets> not heavy: cf. F. <ets>levier</ets>. Cf. <er>Alleviate</er>, <er>Elevate</er>, <er>Leaven</er>, <er>Legerdemain</er>, <er>Levy</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A rigid piece which is capable of turning about one point, or axis (the fulcrum), and in which are two or more other points where forces are applied; -- used for transmitting and modifying force and motion. Specif., a bar of metal, wood, or other rigid substance, used to exert a pressure, or sustain a weight, at one point of its length, by receiving a force or power at a second, and turning at a third on a fixed point called a <i>fulcrum</i>. It is usually named as the first of the six mechanical powers, and is three kinds, according as either the <i>fulcrum</i> F, the <i>weight</i> W, or the <i>power</i> P. respectively, is situated between the other two, as in the figures.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bar, as a capstan bar, applied to a rotatory piece to turn it</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An arm on a rock shaft, to give motion to the shaft or to obtain motion from it.</def>

<cs><col>Compound lever</col>, <cd>a machine consisting of two or more levers acting upon each other.</cd> -- <col>Lever escapement</col>. <cd>See <er>Escapement</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lever jack</col>. <cd>See <er>Jack</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</cd> -- <col>Lever watch</col>, <cd>a watch having a vibrating lever to connect the action of the escape wheel with that of the balance.</cd> <col>Universal lever</col>, <cd>a machine formed by a combination of a lever with the wheel and axle, in such a manner as to convert the reciprocating motion of the lever into a continued rectilinear motion of some body to which the power is applied.</cd></cs>

<h1>Leverage</h1>
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<hw>Lev"er*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The action of a lever; mechanical advantage gained by the lever.</def>

<cs><col>Leverage of a couple</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the perpendicular distance between the lines of action of two forces which act in parallel and opposite directions.</cd> -- <col>Leverage of a force</col>, <cd>the perpendicular distance from the line in which a force acts upon a body to a point about which the body may be supposed to turn.</cd></cs>

<h1>Leveret</h1>
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<hw>Lev"er*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>levraut</ets>, dim. of <ets>li\'8avre</ets> hare, L. <ets>lepus</ets>. Cf. <er>Leporine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hare in the first year of its age.</def>

<h1>Leverock</h1>
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<hw>Lev"er*ock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lark</er>.]</ety> <def>A lark.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Leverwood</h1>
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<hw>Lev"er*wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The American hop hornbeam (<spn>Ostrya Virginica</spn>), a small tree with very tough wood.</def>

<h1>Levesel</h1>
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<hw>Lev"e*sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>le\'a0f</ets> a leaf + <ets>s\'91l</ets>, <ets>sel</ets>, a room, a hall.]</ety> <def>A leafy shelter; a place covered with foliage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Behind the mill, under a <b>levesel</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Levet</h1>
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<hw>Lev"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lever</ets> to raise.]</ety> <def>A trumpet call for rousing soldiers; a reveille.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Leviable</h1>
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<hw>Lev"i*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Levy</er> to assess.]</ety> <def>Fit to be levied; capable of being assessed and collected; <as>as, sums <ex>leviable</ex> by course of law</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Leviathan</h1>
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<hw>Le*vi"a*than</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>livy\'beth\'ben</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An aquatic animal, described in the book of Job, ch. xli., and mentioned on other passages of Scripture.</def>

<note>&hand; It is not certainly known what animal is intended, whether the crocodile, the whale, or some sort of serpent.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The whale, or a great whale.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Levier</h1>
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<hw>Lev"i*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who levees.</def>

<i>Cartwright.</i>

<h1>Levigable</h1>
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<hw>Lev"i*ga*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Levigate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Capable of being levigated.</def>

<h1>Levigate</h1>
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<hw>Lev"i*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>levigatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>levigare</ets> to lighten, fr. <ets>l<?/vis</ets> light.]</ety> <def>Made less harsh or burdensome; alleviated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir. T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Levigate</h1>
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<hw>Lev"i*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Levigated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Levigating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>levigatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>levigare</ets> to make smooth, fr. <ets>l<?/vis</ets> smooth; akin to Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To make smooth in various senses</def>: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To free from grit; to reduce to an impalpable powder or paste.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To mix thoroughly, as liquids or semiliquids.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>To polish.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>To make smooth in action.</def> " When use hath <i>levigated</i> the organs." <i>Barrow</i>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Technically, to make smooth by rubbing in a moist condition between hard surfaces, as in grinding pigments</def>.

<h1>Levigate</h1>
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<hw>Lev"i*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>levigatus</ets>, <ets>p. p.</ets>]</ety> <def>Made smooth, as if polished.</def>

<h1>Levigation</h1>
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<hw>Lev"i*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>levigatio</ets> a smoothing: cf. F. <ets>l\'82vigation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or operation of levigating.</def>

<h1>Levin</h1>
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<hw>Lev"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain. Cf. <er>Leven</er>.]</ety> <def>Lightning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<cs><col>Levin brand</col>, <cd>a thunderbolt. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Leviner</h1>
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<hw>Lev"in*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A swift hound.</def>

<h1>Levir</h1>
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<hw>Le"vir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A husband's brother; -- used in reference to levirate marriages.</def>

<h1>Levirate, Leviratical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lev"i*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lev`i*rat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>levir</ets> a husband's brother, brother-in-law; akin to Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>l\'82virat</ets> leviration.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in accordance with, a law of the ancient Israelites and other tribes and races, according to which a woman, whose husband died without issue, was married to the husband's brother.</def>

<blockquote>The firstborn son of a <b>leviratical</b> marriage was reckoned and registered as the son of the deceased brother.
<i>Alford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Leviration</h1>
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<hw>Lev`i*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Levirate marriage or marriages.</def>

<i>Kitto.</i>

<h1>Levirostres</h1>
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<hw>Lev`i*ros"tres</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>levis</ets> light + <ets>rostrum</ets> beak.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of birds, including the hornbills, kingfishers, and related forms.</def>

<h1>Levitate</h1>
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<hw>Lev"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>levitas</ets>, <ets>-atis</ets>, lightness. See <er>Levity</er>.]</ety> <def>To rise, or tend to rise, as if lighter than the surrounding medium; to become buoyant; -- opposed to <i>gravitate</i>.</def>

<i>Sir. J. Herschel.</i>

<h1>Levitate</h1>
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<hw>Lev"i*tate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Spiritualism)</fld> <def>To make buoyant; to cause to float in the air; <as>as, to <ex>levitate</ex> a table</as>.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<h1>Levitation</h1>
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<hw>Lev`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>levis</ets> light in weight.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Lightness; buoyancy; act of making light.</def>

<i>Paley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or process of making buoyant.</def>

<h1>Levite</h1>
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<hw>Le"vite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Levites</ets>, Gr. <?/ fr. Heb. <ets>Levi</ets>, one of the sons of Jacob.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bib. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the tribe or family of Levi; a descendant of Levi; esp., one subordinate to the priests (who were of the same tribe) and employed in various duties connected with the tabernacle first, and afterward the temple, such as the care of the building, bringing of wood and other necessaries for the sacrifices, the music of the services, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A priest; so called in contempt or ridicule.</def>

<hr>
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Page 847<p>

<h1>Levitical</h1>
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<hw>Le*vit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Leviticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a Levite or the Levites.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Priestly.</def> " <i>Levitical</i> questions."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to, or designating, the law contained in the book of Leviticus.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<cs><col>Levitical degrees</col>, <cd>degrees of relationship named in Leviticus, within which marriage is forbidden.</cd></cs>

<h1>Levitically</h1>
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<hw>Le*vit"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>After the manner of the Levites; in accordance with the levitical law.</def>

<h1>Leviticus</h1>
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<hw>Le*vit"i*cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Levitical</er>.]</ety> <def>The third canonical book of the Old Testament, containing the laws and regulations relating to the priests and Levites among the Hebrews, or the body of the ceremonial law.</def>

<h1>Levity</h1>
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<hw>Lev"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>levitas</ets>, fr. <ets>levis</ets> light in weight; akin to <ets>levare</ets> to raise. See <er>Lever</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of weighing less than something else of equal bulk; relative lightness, especially as shown by rising through, or floating upon, a contiguous substance; buoyancy; -- opposed to <i>gravity</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He gave the form of <b>levity</b> to that which ascended; to that which descended, the form of gravity.
<i>Sir. W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This bubble by reason of its comparative <b>levity</b> to the fluidity that incloses it, would ascend to the top.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lack of gravity and earnestness in deportment or character; trifling gayety; frivolity; sportiveness; vanity.</def> " A spirit of <i>levity</i> and libertinism."

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<blockquote>He never employed his omnipotence out of <b>levity</b>.
<i>Calamy.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lack of steadiness or constancy; disposition to change; fickleness; volatility.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>levity</b> that is fatigued and disgusted with everything of which it is in possession.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Inconstancy; thoughtlessness; unsteadiness; inconsideration; volatility; flightiness.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Levity</er>, <er>Volatility</er>, <er>Flightiness</er>. All these words relate to outward conduct. <i>Levity</i> springs from a lightness of mind which produces a disregard of the proprieties of time and place.<i>Volatility</i> is a degree of levity which causes the thoughts to fly from one object to another, without resting on any for a moment. <i>Flightiness</i> is volatility carried to an extreme which often betrays its subject into gross impropriety or weakness. <i>Levity</i> of deportment, of conduct, of remark; <i>volatility</i> of temper, of spirits; <i>flightiness</i> of mind or disposition.</usage>

<h1>Levo-</h1>
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<hw>Le"vo-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A prefix from L. <ets>laevus</ets></def>, meaning: <sd>(a)</sd> <def><it>Pertaining to, or toward, the left</it>; <as>as, <ex>levo</ex>rotatory</as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Chem. & Opt.)</fld> <def><it>Turning the plane of polarized light to the left</it>; <as>as, <ex>levo</ex>tartaric acid; <ex>levo</ex>racemic acid; <ex>levo</ex>gyratory crystals, etc.</as></def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>l\'91vo-</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Levogyrate</h1>
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<hw>Le`vo*gy"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Levo-</ets> + <ets>gyrate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem. & Physics)</fld> <def>Turning or twisting the plane of polarization towards the left, as levulose, levotartaric acid, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>l\'91vogyrate</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Levorotatory</h1>
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<hw>Le`vo*ro"ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Levo-</ets> + <ets>rotatory</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem. & Physics)</fld> <def>Turning or rotating the plane of polarization towards the left; levogyrate, as levulose, left handed quartz crystals, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>l\'91vorotatory</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Levulin</h1>
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<hw>Lev"u*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance resembling dextrin, obtained from the bulbs of the dahlia, the artichoke, and other sources, as a colorless, spongy, amorphous material. It is so called because by decomposition it yields <i>levulose</i>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>l\'91vulin</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Levulinic</h1>
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<hw>Lev`u*lin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or denoting, an acid (called also <i>acetyl-propionic acid</i>), <chform>C5H8O3</chform>, obtained by the action of dilute acids on various sugars (as levulose).</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>l\'91vulinic</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Levulosan</h1>
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<hw>Lev`u*lo"san</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An unfermentable carbohydrate obtained by gently heating levulose.</def>

<h1>Levulose</h1>
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<hw>Lev"u*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Levo-</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A sirupy variety of sugar, rarely obtained crystallized, occurring widely in honey, ripe fruits, etc., and hence called also <altname>fruit sugar</altname>. It is called <i>levulose</i>, because it rotates the plane of polarization to the left.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>l\'91vulose</asp>.]</altsp><-- also called fructose: <chform>C6H12O6</chform -->>

<note>&hand; It is obtained, together with an equal quantity of dextrose, by the inversion of ordinary cane or beet sugar, and hence, as being an ingredient of <i>invert sugar</i>, is often so called.  It is fermentable, nearly as sweet as cane sugar, and is metameric with dextrose.  Cf. <er>Dextrose</er>.</note>

<h1>Levy</h1>
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<hw>Lev"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Levies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[A contr. of <ets>elevenpence</ets> or <ets>elevenpenny bit</ets>.]</ety> <def>A name formerly given in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia to the Spanish real of one eight of a dollar (or 12<frac12/ cents), valued at eleven pence when the dollar was rated at 7s. 6d.</def>

<h1>Levy</h1>
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<hw>Lev"y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lev\'82e</ets>, fr. <ets>lever</ets> to raise. See <er>Lever</er>, and cf. <er>Lever</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of levying or collecting by authority; <as>as, the <ex>levy</ex> of troops, taxes, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>A <b>levy</b> of all the men left under sixty.
<i>Thirlwall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is levied, as an army, force, tribute, etc.</def> " The Irish <i>levies</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The taking or seizure of property on executions to satisfy judgments, or on warrants for the collection of taxes; a collecting by execution.</def>

<cs><col>Levy in mass</col> <ety>[F. <ets>lev\'82e en masse<ets>]</ety>, <cd>a requisition of all able-bodied men for military service.</cd></cs>

<h1>Levy</h1>
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<hw>Lev"y</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Levied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Levying</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To raise, as a siege.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Holland</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To raise; to collect; said of troops, to form into an army by enrollment, conscription. etc.</def>

<blockquote>Augustine . . . inflamed Ethelbert, king of Kent, to <b>levy</b> his power, and to war against them.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To raise or collect by assessment; to exact by authority; <as>as, to <ex>levy</ex> taxes, toll, tribute, or contributions</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If they do this . . . my ransom, then,
Will soon be <b>levied</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To gather or exact; <as>as, to <ex>levy</ex> money</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To erect, build, or set up; to make or construct; to raise or cast up; <as>as, to <ex>levy</ex> a mill, dike, ditch, a nuisance, etc.</as></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Cowell</i>. <i>Blackstone</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>To take or seize on execution; to collect by execution.</def>

<cs><col>To levy a fine</col>, <cd>to commence and carry on a suit for assuring the title to lands or tenements. <i>Blackstone</i>.</cd> -- <col>To levy war</col>, <cd>to make or begin war; to take arms for attack; to attack.</cd></cs>

<h1>Levy</h1>
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<hw>Lev"y</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To seize property, real or personal, or subject it to the operation of an execution; to make a levy; <as>as, to <ex>levy</ex> on property; the usual mode of <ex>levying</ex>, in England, is by seizing the goods.</as></def>

<cs><col>To levy on goods and chattels</col>, <cd>to take into custody or seize specific property in satisfaction of a writ.</cd></cs>

<h1>Levyne, Levynite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lev"yne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lev"yn*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Mr. <ets>Levy</ets>, an English mineralogist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A whitish, reddish, or yellowish, transparent or translucent mineral, allied to chabazite.</def>

<h1>Lew</h1>
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<hw>Lew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>lee</ets> a calm or sheltered place, <ets>luke</ets>warm.]</ety> <def>Lukewarm; tepid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Lewd</h1>
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<hw>Lewd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Lewder</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Lewdest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<er>OE</er>.<ets>lewed</ets>, <ets>lewd</ets>, lay, ignorant, vile, AS. <ets>l<?/wed</ets> laical, belonging to the laity.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not clerical; laic; laical; hence, unlearned; simple.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For if priest be foul, on whom we trust,
No wonder is a <b>lewed</b> man to rust.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So these great clerks their little wisdom show
To mock the <b>lewd</b>, as learn'd in this as they.
<i>Sit. J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Belonging to the lower classes, or the rabble; idle and lawless; bad; vicious.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>But the Jews, which believed not, . . . took unto them certain <b>lewd</b> fellows of the baser sort, . . . and assaulted the house of Jason.
<i>Acts xvii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Too <b>lewd</b> to work, and ready for any kind of mischief.
<i>Southey</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Given to the promiscuous indulgence of lust; dissolute; lustful; libidinous.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Suiting, or proceeding from, lustfulness; involving unlawful sexual desire; <as>as, <ex>lewd</ex> thoughts, conduct, or language</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Lustful; libidinous; licentious; profligate; dissolute; sensual; unchaste; impure; lascivious; lecherous; rakish; debauched.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Lewd"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Lewd"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lewdster</h1>
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<hw>Lewd"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lewd person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Lewis, Lewisson</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lew"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lew"is*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An iron dovetailed tenon, made in sections, which can be fitted into a dovetail mortise; -- used in hoisting large stones, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of shears used in cropping woolen cloth.</def>

<cs><col>Lewis hole</col>, <cd>a hole wider at the bottom than at the mouth, into which a <i>lewis<i> is fitted.</cd></cs>

<i>De Foe.</i>

<-- Lewis acid (Chem) A compound without dissociable hydrogen which acts as an acid (bonding with Lewis bases) in chemical reaction. -->

<h1>Lex</h1>
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<hw>Lex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Leges</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Legal</er>.]</ety> <def>Law; <as>as, <ex>lex talionis</ex>, the law of retaliation; <ex>lex terr\'91</ex>, the law of the land; <ex>lex fori</ex>, the law of the forum or court; <ex>lex loci</ex>, the law of the place; <ex>lex mercatoria</ex>, the law or custom of merchants.</as></def>

<h1>Lexical</h1>
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<hw>Lex"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a lexicon, to lexicography, or words; according or conforming to a lexicon.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Lex"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lexicographer</h1>
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<hw>Lex`i*cog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/; dictionary + <?/ to write: cf. F. <ets>lexicographe</ets>. See <er>Lexicon</er>.]</ety> <def>The author or compiler of a lexicon or dictionary.</def>

<blockquote>Every other author may aspire to praise; the <b>lexicographer</b> can only hope to escape reproach; and even this negative recompense has been yet granted to very few.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lexicographic, Lexicographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lex`i*co*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lex`i*co*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lexicographi</ets>que.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to, or according to, lexicography.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Lex`i*co*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lexicographist</h1>
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<hw>Lex`i*cog"ra*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lexicographer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Lexicography</h1>
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<hw>Lex`i*cog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lexicographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art, process, or occupation of making a lexicon or dictionary; the principles which are applied in making dictionaries.</def>

<h1>Lexicologist</h1>
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<hw>Lex`i*col"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in lexicology.</def>

<h1>Lexicology</h1>
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<hw>Lex`i*col"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ lexicon + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lexicologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of the derivation and signification of words; that branch of learning which treats of the signification and application of words.</def>

<h1>Lexicon</h1>
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<hw>Lex"i*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ (sc.<?/), neut. of <?/ of or belonging to words, fr. <?/ a speaking, speech, a way of speaking, a single word or phrase, fr. <?/ to say, to speak. See <er>Legend</er>.]</ety> <def>A vocabulary, or book containing an alphabetical arrangement of the words in a language or of a considerable number of them, with the definition of each; a dictionary; especially, a dictionary of the Greek, Hebrew, or Latin language.</def>
<-- also, a dictionary for use in computational linguistics -->

<h1>Lexiconist</h1>
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<hw>Lex"i*con*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of a lexicon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Lexigraphic</h1>
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<hw>Lex`i*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lexigraphique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to lexigraphy.</def>

<h1>Lexigraphy</h1>
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<hw>Lex*ig"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ word + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lexigraphie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or practice of defining words; definition of words.</def>

<h1>Lexiphanic</h1>
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<hw>Lex`i*phan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a phrase monger; <?/ speech + <?/ to show.]</ety> <def>Using, or interlarded with, pretentious words; bombastic; <as>as, a <ex>lexiphanic</ex> writer or speaker; <ex>lexiphanic</ex> writing.</as></def>

<h1>Lexiphanicism</h1>
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<hw>Lex`i*phan"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The use of pretentious words, language, or style.</def>

<h1>Lexipharmic</h1>
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<hw>Lex`i*phar"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Alexipharmic</er>.</def>

<h1>Ley</h1>
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<hw>Ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt><def>, & <i>i</i>. To lay; to wager.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ley</h1>
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<hw>Ley</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.]</ety> <def>Law.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Ley</h1>
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<hw>Ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Lye</er>.</def>

<h1>Ley</h1>
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<hw>Ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Grass or meadow land; a lea.</def>

<h1>Ley</h1>
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<hw>Ley</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fallow; unseeded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Leyden jar, Leyden phial</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ley"den jar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ley"den phi"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A glass jar or bottle used to accumulate electricity. It is coated with tin foil, within and without, nearly to its top, and is surmounted by a brass knob which communicates with the inner coating, for the purpose of charging it with electricity. It is so named from having been invented in <i>Leyden</i>, Holland.</def>

<h1>Leyser</h1>
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<hw>Ley"ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Leisure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Leze majesty</h1>
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<hw>Leze` maj"es*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>lese-majest\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>laesus</ets>, fem. <ets>laesa</ets>, injured (see <er>Lesion</er>) + <ets>majestas</ets> majesty; that is, <ets>crimen laesae majestatis</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lese majesty</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Any crime committed against the sovereign power.</def>
<-- now usually lese or l\'8ase . also (2) any affront to dignity -->

<h1>Lherzolite</h1>
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<hw>Lher"zo*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Lherz</ets>, a place in the Pyrenees + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An igneous rock consisting largely of chrysolite, with pyroxene and picotite (a variety of spinel containing chromium).</def>

<h1>Li</h1>
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<hw>Li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Chinese measure of distance, being a little more that one third of a mile.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Chinese copper coin; a cash. See <er>Cash</er>.</def>

<h1>Liability</h1>
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<hw>Li`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Liabilities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being liable; <as>as, the <ex>liability</ex> of an insurer; <ex>liability</ex> to accidents; <ex>liability</ex> to the law.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which one is under obligation to pay, or for which one is liable.</def> Specifically, in the <pluf>pl.</pluf>, <def>the sum of one's pecuniary obligations; -- opposed to <contr>assets</contr>.</def>

<cs><col>Limited liability</col>. <cd>See <cref>Limited company</cref>, under <er>Limited</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Liable</h1>
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<hw>Li"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From F. <ets>lier</ets> to bind, L. <ets>ligare</ets>. Cf. <er>Ally</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Ligature</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bound or obliged in law or equity; responsible; answerable; <as>as, the surety is <ex>liable</ex> for the debt of his principal</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exposed to a certain contingency or casualty, more or less probable; -- with <ptcl>to</ptcl> and an infinitive or noun; <as>as, <ex>liable</ex> to slip; <ex>liable</ex> to accident.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Accountable; responsible; answerable; bound; subject; obnoxious; exposed.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Liable</er>, <er>Subject</er>. <i>Liable</i> refers to a future possible or probable happening which may not actually occur; as, horses are <i>liable</i> to slip; even the sagacious are <i>liable</i> to make mistakes. <i>Subject</i> refers to any actual state or condition belonging to the nature or circumstances of the person or thing spoken of, or to that which often befalls one. One whose father was <i>subject</i> to attacks of the gout is himself <i>liable</i> to have that disease. Men are constantly <i>subject</i> to the law, but <i>liable</i> to suffer by its infraction.</usage>

<blockquote>Proudly secure, yet <b>liable</b> to fall.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All human things are <b>subject</b> to decay.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Liableness</h1>
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<hw>Li"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being liable; liability.</def>

<h1>Liage</h1>
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<hw>Li"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>liage</ets> a bond. See <er>Liable</er>.]</ety> <def>Union by league; alliance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lialson</h1>
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<hw>Li`al`son"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>ligatio</ets>, fr. <ets>ligare</ets> to bind. See <er>Ligature</er>, and cf. <er>Ligation</er>.]</ety> <def>A union, or bond of union; an intimacy; especially, an illicit intimacy between a man and a woman.</def>

<h1>Liane, Liana</h1>
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<hw><hw>Li*ane"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Li*a"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>liane</ets>; prob. akin to <ets>lien</ets> a band, fr. L. <ets>ligamen</ets>, fr. <ets>ligare</ets> to bind. Cf. <er>Lien</er>, <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A luxuriant woody plant, climbing high trees and having ropelike stems. The grapevine often has the habit of a liane. Lianes are abundant in the forests of the Amazon region.</def>

<h1>Liar</h1>
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<hw>Li"ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>liere</ets>. See <er>Lie</er> to falsify.]</ety> <def>A person who knowingly utters falsehood; one who lies.</def>

<h1>Liard</h1>
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<hw>Li"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>liart</ets>, LL. <ets>liardus</ets> gray, dappie.]</ety> <def>Gray.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<note>&hand; Used by Chaucer as an epithet of a gray or dapple gray horse. Also used as a name for such a horse.</note>

<h1>Liard</h1>
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<hw>Liard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A French copper coin of one fourth the value of a sou.</def>

<h1>Lias</h1>
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<hw>Li"as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lias</ets>, fr. <ets>liais</ets> sort of limestone, OF. also <ets>liois</ets>; perh. of Celtic origin, cf. Armor. <ets>liach</ets>, <ets>leach</ets>, a stone, Gael. <ets>leac</ets>, W. <ets>llech</ets>. Cf. <er>Cromlech</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The lowest of the three divisions of the Jurassic period; a name given in England and Europe to a series of marine limestones underlying the O\'94lite. See the Chart of <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Liassic</h1>
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<hw>Li*as"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of the age of the Lias; pertaining to the Lias Formation.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Lias</er>.</def></def2>

<h1>Lib</h1>
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<hw>Lib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Glib</er> to geld.]</ety> <def>To castrate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Libament</h1>
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<hw>Lib"a*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>libamentum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Libation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Libant</h1>
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<hw>Li"bant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>libans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>libare</ets> to taste, touch.]</ety> <def>Sipping; touching lightly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Landor.</i>

<h1>Libation</h1>
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<hw>Li*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>libatio</ets>, fr. <ets>libare</ets> to take a little from anything, to taste, to pour out as an offering: cf. F. <ets>libation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of pouring a liquid or liquor, usually wine, either on the ground or on a victim in sacrifice, in honor of some deity; also, the wine or liquid thus poured out.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>A heathen sacrifice or <b>libation</b> to the earth.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Libatory</h1>
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<hw>Li"ba*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to libation.</def>

<h1>Libbard</h1>
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<hw>Lib"bard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Leopard</er>.]</ety> <def>A leopard.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>

<i>Spenser. Keats.</i>

<h1>Libbard's bane</h1>
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<hw>Lib"bard's bane`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. Leopard's bane.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Libel</h1>
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<hw>Li"bel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>libellus</ets> a little book, pamphlet, libel, lampoon, dim. of <ets>liber</ets> the liber or inner bark of a tree; also (because the ancients wrote on this bark), paper, parchment, or a roll of any material used to write upon, and hence, a book or treatise: cf. F. <ets>libelle</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A brief writing of any kind, esp. a declaration, bill, certificate, request, supplication, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>libel</b> of forsaking [divorcement].
<i>Wyclif (Matt. v. 31).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any defamatory writing; a lampoon; a satire.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A malicious publication expressed either in print or in writing, or by pictures, effigies, or other signs, tending to expose another to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule. Such publication is indictable at common law.</def>

<note>&hand; The term, in a more extended sense, includes the publication of such writings, pictures, and the like, as are of a blasphemous, treasonable, seditious, or obscene character. These also are indictable at common law.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The crime of issuing a malicious defamatory publication.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Civil Law & Courts of Admiralty)</fld> <def>A written declaration or statement by the plaintiff of his cause of action, and of the relief he seeks</def>.

<h1>Libel</h1>
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<hw>Li"bel</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Liebeled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Libelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Libeling</er> or <er>Libelling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To defame, or expose to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule, by a writing, picture, sign, etc.; to lampoon.</def>

<blockquote>Some wicked wits have <b>libeled</b> all the fair.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="848">
Page 848<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To proceed against by filing a libel, particularly against a ship or goods.</def>

<h1>Libel</h1>
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<hw>Li"bel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To spread defamation, written or printed; -- with <ptcl>against</ptcl>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What's this but <b>libeling</b> against the senate?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[He] <b>libels</b> now 'gainst each great man.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Libelant</h1>
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<hw>Li"bel*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who libels; one who institutes a suit in an ecclesiastical or admiralty court.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>libellant</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Cranch.</i>

<h1>Libeler</h1>
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<hw>Li"bel*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who libels. <altsp>[Written also <asp>libeller</asp>.]</altsp></def> " <i>Libelers</i> of others."

<i>Buckkminster.</i>

<h1>Libelist</h1>
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<hw>Li"bel*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A libeler.</def>

<h1>Li bella</h1>
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<hw>Li *bel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>libra</ets> balance. See <er>Level</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small balance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A level, or leveling instrument.</def>

<h1>Libellulid</h1>
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<hw>Li*bel"lu*lid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dragon fly.</def>

<h1>Libelluloid</h1>
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<hw>Li*bel"lu*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Libellula</ets>, the name of the typical genus + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the dragon fi<?/es.</def>

<h1>Libelous</h1>
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<hw>Li"bel*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing or involving a libel; defamatory; containing that which exposes some person to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule; <as>as, a <ex>libelous</ex> pamphlet</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>libellous</asp>.]</altsp> -- <wordforms><wf>Li"bel*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Liber</h1>
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<hw>Li"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Libel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The inner bark of plants, lying next to the wood. It usually contains a large proportion of woody, fibrous cells, and is, therefore, the part from which the fiber of the plant is obtained, as that of hemp, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Liber cells</col>, <cd>elongated woody cells found in the liber.</cd></cs>

<h1>Liberal</h1>
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<hw>Lib"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lib\'82ral</ets>, L. <ets>liberalis</ets>, from <ets>liber</ets> free; perh. akin to <ets>libet</ets>, <ets>lubet</ets>,it pleases, E. <ets>lief</ets>. Cf. <er>Deliver</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Free by birth; hence, befitting a freeman or gentleman; refined; noble; independent; free; not servile or mean; <as>as, a <ex>liberal</ex> ancestry; a <ex>liberal</ex> spirit; <ex>liberal</ex> arts or studies.</as></def> " <i>Liberal</i> education." <i>Macaulay</i>. " A <i>liberal</i> tongue."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bestowing in a large and noble way, as a freeman; generous; bounteous; open-handed; <as>as, a <ex>liberal</ex> giver</as>.</def> " <i>Liberal</i> of praise."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Infinitely good, and of his good
As <b>liberal</b> and free as infinite.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Bestowed in a large way; hence, more than sufficient; abundant; bountiful; ample; profuse; <as>as, a <ex>liberal</ex> gift; a <ex>liberal</ex> discharge of matter or of water.</as></def>

<blockquote>His wealth doth warrant a <b>liberal</b> dower.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not strict or rigorous; not confined or restricted to the literal sense; free; <as>as, a <ex>liberal</ex> translation of a classic, or a <ex>liberal</ex> construction of law or of language</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Not narrow or contracted in mind; not selfish; enlarged in spirit; catholic.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Free to excess; regardless of law or moral restraint; licentious.</def> " Most like a <i>liberal</i> villain."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Not bound by orthodox tenets or established forms in political or religious philosophy; independent in opinion; not conservative; friendly to great freedom in the constitution or administration of government; having tendency toward democratic or republican, as distinguished from monarchical or aristocratic, forms; <as>as, <ex>liberal</ex> thinkers; <ex>liberal</ex> Christians; the <ex>Liberal</ex> party.</as></def>

<blockquote>I confess I see nothing <b>liberal</b> in this " order of thoughts," as Hobbes elsewhere expresses it.
<i>Hazlitt.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Liberal</i> has of, sometimes <i>with</i>, before the thing bestowed, <i>in</i> before a word signifying action, and <i>to</i> before a person or object on which anything is bestowed; as, to be <i>liberal</i> of praise or censure; <i>liberal with</i> money; <i>liberal in</i> giving; <i>liberal</i> to the poor.</note>

<cs><col>The liberal arts</col>. <cd>See under <er>Art</er>.</cd> -- <col>Liberal education</col>, <cd>education that enlarges and disciplines the mind and makes it master of its own powers, irrespective of the particular business or profession one may follow.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Generous; bountiful; munificent; beneficent; ample; large; profuse; free.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Liberal</er>, <er>Generous</er>. <i>Liberal</i> is <i>freeborn</i>, and <i>generous</i> is <i>highborn</i>. The former is opposed to the ordinary feelings of a servile state, and implies largeness of spirit in giving, judging, acting, etc. The latter expresses that nobleness of soul which is peculiarly appropriate to those of high rank, -- a spirit that goes out of self, and finds its enjoyment in consulting the feelings and happiness of others. <i>Generosity</i> is measured by the extent of the sacrifices it makes; <i>liberality</i>, by the warmth of feeling which it manifests.</usage>

<h1>Liberal</h1>
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<hw>Lib"er*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who favors greater freedom in political or religious matters; an opponent of the established systems; a reformer; in English politics, a member of the Liberal party, so called. Cf. <er>Whig</er>.</def>

<h1>Liberalism</h1>
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<hw>Lib"er*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lib\'82ralisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Liberal principles; the principles and methods of the liberals in politics or religion; specifically, the principles of the Liberal party.</def>

<h1>Liberalist</h1>
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<hw>Lib"er*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A liberal.</def>

<h1>Liberalistic</h1>
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<hw>Lib`er*al*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, liberalism; <as>as, <ex>liberalistic</ex> opinions</as>.</def>

<h1>Liberality</h1>
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<hw>Lib`er*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Liberalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>liberalitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lib\'82ralit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being liberal; liberal disposition or practice; freedom from narrowness or prejudice; generosity; candor; charity.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>liberality</b> is but cast away
Which makes us borrow what we can not pay.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gift; a gratuity; -- sometimes in the plural; <as>as, a prudent man is not impoverished by his <ex>liberalities</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Liberalization</h1>
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<hw>Lib`er*al*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of liberalizing.</def>

<h1>Liberalize</h1>
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<hw>Lib"er*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Liberalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Liberalizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lib\'82raliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make liberal; to free from narrow views or prejudices.</def>

<blockquote>To open and to <b>liberalize</b> the mind.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Liberalizer</h1>
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<hw>Lib"er*al*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, liberalizes.</def>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Liberally</h1>
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<hw>Lib"er*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a liberal manner.</def>

<h1>Liberate</h1>
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<hw>Lib"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Liberated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Liberating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>liberatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>liberare</ets> to free, fr. <ets>liber</ets> free. See <er>Liberal</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Deliver</er>.]</ety> <def>To release from restraint or bondage; to set at liberty; to free; to manumit; to disengage; <as>as, to <ex>liberate</ex> a slave or prisoner; to <ex>liberate</ex> the mind from prejudice; to <ex>liberate</ex> gases.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To deliver; free; release. See <er>Deliver</er>.</syn>

<h1>Liberation</h1>
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<hw>Lib`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>liberatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lib\'82ration</ets>. Cf. <er>Livraison</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of liberating or the state of being liberated.</def>

<blockquote>This mode of analysis requires perfect <b>liberation</b> from all prejudged system.
<i>Pownall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Liberator</h1>
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<hw>Lib"er*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, liberates; a deliverer.</def>

<h1>Liberatory</h1>
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<hw>Lib"er*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending, or serving, to liberate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Libertarian</h1>
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<hw>Lib`er*ta"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Liberty</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to liberty, or to the doctrine of free will, as opposed to the doctrine of necessity.</def>

<h1>Libertarian</h1>
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<hw>Lib`er*ta"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who holds to the doctrine of free will.</def>

<h1>Libertarianism</h1>
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<hw>Lib`er*ta"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Libertarian principles or doctrines.</def>

<h1>Liberticide</h1>
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<hw>Lib"er*ti*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>libertas</ets> liberty + <ets>caedere</ets> to kill: cf. (for sense 2) F. <ets>liberticide</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The destruction of civil liberty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A destroyer of civil liberty.</def>

<i>B. F. Wade.</i>

<h1>Libertinage</h1>
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<hw>Lib"er*tin*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>libertinage</ets>. See <er>Libertine</er>.]</ety> <def>Libertinism; license.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Libertine</h1>
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<hw>Lib"er*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>libertinus</ets> freedman, from <ets>libertus</ets> one made free, fr. <ets>liber</ets> free: cf. F. <ets>libertin</ets>. See <er>Liberal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A manumitted slave; a freedman; also, the son of a freedman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of Anabaptists, in the fifteenth and early part of the sixteenth century, who rejected many of the customs and decencies of life, and advocated a community of goods and of women.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One free from restraint; one who acts according to his impulses and desires; now, specifically, one who gives rein to lust; a rake; a debauchee.</def>

<blockquote>Like a puffed and reckless <b>libertine</b>,
Himself the primrose path of dalliance treads.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A defamatory name for a freethinker.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<h1>Libertine</h1>
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<hw>Lib"er*tine</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>libertinus</ets> of a freedman: cf. F. <ets>libertin</ets>. See <er>Libertine</er>, <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Free from restraint; uncontrolled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>You are too much <b>libertine</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dissolute; licentious; profligate; loose in morals; <as>as, <ex>libertine</ex> principles or manners</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Libertinism</h1>
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<hw>Lib"er*tin*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of a libertine or freedman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Licentious conduct; debauchery; lewdness.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Licentiousness of principle or opinion.</def>

<blockquote>That spirit of religion and seriousness vanished all at once, and a spirit of liberty and <b>libertinism</b>, of infidelity and profaneness, started up in the room of it.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Liberty</h1>
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<hw>Lib"er*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Liberties</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>liberte</ets>, F. <ets>libert\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>libertas</ets>, fr. <ets>liber</ets> free. See <er>Liberal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of a free person; exemption from subjection to the will of another claiming ownership of the person or services; freedom; -- opposed to slavery, serfdom, bondage, or subjection.</def>

<blockquote>But ye . . . caused every man his servant, and every man his handmaid whom he had set at <b>liberty</b> at their pleasure, to return, and brought them into subjection.
<i>Jer. xxxiv. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Delivered fro the bondage of corruption into the glorious <b>liberty</b> of the sons of God.
<i>Bible, 1551. Rom. viii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Freedom from imprisonment, bonds, or other restraint upon locomotion.</def>

<blockquote>Being pent from <b>liberty</b>, as I am now.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A privilege conferred by a superior power; permission granted; leave; <as>as, <ex>liberty</ex> given to a child to play, or to a witness to leave a court, and the like</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Privilege; exemption; franchise; immunity enjoyed by prescription or by grant; <as>as, the <ex>liberties</ex> of the commercial cities of Europe</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His majesty gave not an entire county to any; much less did he grant . . . any extraordinary <b>liberties</b>.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The place within which certain immunities are enjoyed, or jurisdiction is exercised.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>Brought forth into some public or open place within the <b>liberty</b> of the city, and there . . . burned.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A certain amount of freedom; permission to go freely within certain limits; also, the place or limits within which such freedom is exercised; <as>as, the <ex>liberties</ex> of a prison</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A privilege or license in violation of the laws of etiquette or propriety; <as>as, to permit, or take, a <ex>liberty</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>He was repeatedly provoked into striking those who had taken <b>liberties</b> with him.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The power of choice; freedom from necessity; freedom from compulsion or constraint in willing.</def>

<blockquote>The idea of <b>liberty</b> is the idea of a power in any agent to do or forbear any particular action, according to the determination or thought of the mind, whereby either of them is preferred to the other.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This <b>liberty</b> of judgment did not of necessity lead to lawlessness.
<i>J. A. Symonds.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Manege)</fld> <def>A curve or arch in a bit to afford room for the tongue of the horse.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Leave of absence; permission to go on shore.</def>

<cs><col>At liberty</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Unconfined; free</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>At leisure</cd>. -- <col>Civil liberty</col>, <cd>exemption from arbitrary interference with person, opinion, or property, on the part of the government under which one lives, and freedom to take part in modifying that government or its laws.</cd> -- <col>Liberty bell</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Liberty cap</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The Roman <i>pileus<i> which was given to a slave at his manumission</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A limp, close-fitting cap with which the head of representations of the goddess of liberty is often decked. It is sometimes represented on a spear or a liberty pole.</cd> -- <col>Liberty of the press</col>, <cd>freedom to print and publish without official supervision.</cd> <col>Liberty party</col></mcol>, <cd>the party, in the American Revolution, which favored independence of England; in more recent usage, a party which favored the emancipation of the slaves.</cd> -- <col>Liberty pole</col>, <cd>a tall flagstaff planted in the ground, often surmounted by a liberty cap.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Moral liberty</col>, <cd>that liberty of choice which is essential to moral responsibility.</cd> -- <col>Religious liberty</col>, <cd>freedom of religious opinion and worship.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Leave; permission; license.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Liberty</er>, <er>Freedom</er>. These words, though often interchanged, are distinct in some of of their applications. <i>Liberty</i> has reference to previous restraint; <i>freedom</i>, to the simple, unrepressed exercise of our powers. A slave is set at <i>liberty</i>; his master had always been in a state of <i>freedom</i>. A prisoner under trial may ask <i>liberty</i> (exemption from restraint) to speak his sentiments with <i>freedom</i> (the spontaneous and bold utterance of his feelings), The <i>liberty</i> of the press is our great security for <i>freedom</i> of thought.</usage>

<h1>Libethenite</h1>
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<hw>Li*beth"en*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Libethen</ets>, in Hungary, where it was first found.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of an olive-green color, commonly in orthorhombic crystals. It is a hydrous phosphate of copper.</def>

<h1>Libidinist</h1>
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<hw>Li*bid"i*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Libidinous</er>.]</ety> <def>One given to lewdness.</def>

<h1>Libidinosity</h1>
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<hw>Li*bid`i*nos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being libidinous; libidinousness.</def>

<i>Skelton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Libidinous</h1>
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<hw>Li*bid"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>libidinosus</ets>, fr. <ets>libido</ets>, <ets>libidinis</ets>, pleasure, desire, lust, fr. <ets>libet</ets>, <ets>lubet</ets>, it pleases: cf. F. <ets>libidineux</ets>. See <er>Lief</er>.]</ety> <def>Having lustful desires; characterized by lewdness; sensual; lascivious.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Li*bid"i*nous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Li*bid"i*nous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<syn>Syn. -- Lewd; lustful; lascivious; unchaste; impure; sensual; licentious; lecherous; salacious.</syn>

<h1>Libken, Libkin</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lib"ken</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lib"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>libban</ets>, F. <ets>live</ets>, v. i. + <ets>-kin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A house or lodging.</def> <mark>[Old Slang]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Libra</h1>
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<hw>Li"bra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Libr\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a balance.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The Balance; the seventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters at the autumnal equinox in September, marked thus &libra; in almanacs, etc.</cd> <sd>(b )</sd> <cd>A southern constellation between Virgo and Scorpio.</def>

<h1>Libral</h1>
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<hw>Li"bral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>libralis</ets>, fr. <ets>libra</ets> the Roman pound.]</ety> <def>Of a pound weight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Librarian</h1>
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<hw>Li*bra"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Library</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who has the care or charge of a library.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who copies manuscript books.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Broome.</i>

<h1>Librarianship</h1>
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<hw>Li*bra"ri*an*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a librarian.</def>

<h1>Library</h1>
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<hw>Li"bra*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Libraries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>librairie</ets>, F. <ets>librairie</ets> bookseller's shop, book trade, formerly, a library, fr. <ets>libraire</ets> bookseller, L. <ets>librarius</ets>, from <ets>liber</ets> book; cf. <ets>libraria</ets> bookseller's shop, <ets>librarium</ets> bookcase, It. <ets>libreria</ets>. See <er>Libel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A considerable collection of books kept for use, and not as merchandise; <as>as, a private <ex>library</ex>; a public <ex>library</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A building or apartment appropriated for holding such a collection of books.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Librate</h1>
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<hw>Li"brate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Librated</er> <?/; <tt>p. pr. & & vb. n.</tt> <er>Librating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>libratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>librare</ets> to balance, to make even, fr. <ets>libra</ets>.Cf. <er>Level</er>, <er>Deliberate</er>, <er>Equilibrium</er>.]</ety> <def>To vibrate as a balance does before resting in equilibrium; hence, to be poised.</def>

<blockquote>Their parts all <b>liberate</b> on too nice a beam.
<i>Clifton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Librate</h1>
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<hw>Li"brate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To poise; to balance.</def>

<h1>Libration</h1>
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<hw>Li*bra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>libratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>libration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of librating.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A real or apparent libratory motion, like that of a balance before coming to rest.</def>

<cs><col>Libration of the moon</col>, <cd>any one of those small periodical changes in the position of the moon's surface relatively to the earth, in consequence of which narrow portions at opposite limbs become visible or invisible alternately. It receives different names according to the manner in which it takes place</cd>; as: <stype>(a)</stype> <i>Libration in longitude<i>, that which, depending on the place of the moon in its elliptic orbit, causes small portions near the eastern and western borders alternately to appear and disappear each month. (<stype>b</stype>) <i>Libration in latitude<i>, that which depends on the varying position of the moon's axis in respect to the spectator, causing the alternate appearance and disappearance of either pole. (<stype>c</stype>) <i>Diurnal<i> or <i>parallactic libration<i>, that which brings into view on the upper limb, at rising and setting, some parts not in the average visible hemisphere.</cd></cs>

<h1>Libratory</h1>
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<hw>Li"bra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Balancing; moving like a balance, as it tends to an equipoise or level.</def>

<h1>Librettist</h1>
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<hw>Li*bret"tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes a libretto.</def>

<h1>Libretto</h1>
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<hw>Li*bret"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Librettos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, It. <plw>Libretti</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It., dim. of <ets>libro</ets> book, L. <ets>liber</ets>. See <er>Libel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A book containing the words of an opera or extended piece of music.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The words themselves.</def>

<h1>Libriform</h1>
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<hw>Li"bri*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Liber</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the form of liber, or resembling liber.</def>

<cs><col>Libriform cells</col>, <cd>peculiar wood cells which are very slender and relatively thick-walled, and occasionally are furnished with bordered pits.</cd></cs>

<i>Goodale.</i>

<h1>Libyan</h1>
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<hw>Lib"y*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Libya, the ancient name of that part of Africa between Egypt and the Atlantic Ocean, or of Africa as a whole.</def>

<h1>Lice</h1>
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<hw>Lice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <def><tt>pl.</tt> of <er>Louse</er>.</def>

<h1>Licensable</h1>
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<hw>Li"cens*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That can be licensed.</def>

<h1>License</h1>
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<hw>Li"cense</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>licence</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[F. <ets>licence</ets>, L. <ets>licentia</ets>, fr. <ets>licere</ets> to be permitted, prob. orig., to be left free to one; akin to <ets>linquere</ets> to leave. See <er>Loan</er>, and cf. <er>Illicit</er>, <er>Leisure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Authority or liberty given to do or forbear any act; especially, a formal permission from the proper authorities to perform certain acts or to carry on a certain business, which without such permission would be illegal; a grant of permission; <as>as, a <ex>license</ex> to preach, to practice medicine, to sell gunpowder or intoxicating liquors</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To have a <b>license</b> and a leave at London to dwell.
<i>P. Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The document granting such permission.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Excess of liberty; freedom abused, or used in contempt of law or decorum; disregard of law or propriety.</def>

<blockquote><b>License</b> they mean when they cry liberty.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That deviation from strict fact, form, or rule, in which an artist or writer indulges, assuming that it will be permitted for the sake of the advantage or effect gained; <as>as, poetic <ex>license</ex>; grammatical <ex>license</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Leave; liberty; permission.</syn>

<hr>
<page="849">
Page 849<p>

<h1>License</h1>
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<hw>Li"cense</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Licensed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Licensing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To permit or authorize by license; to give license to; <as>as, to <ex>license</ex> a man to preach</as>.</def>

<i>Milton. Shak.</i>

<h1>Licensed</h1>
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<hw>Li"censed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a license; permitted or authorized by license; <as>as, a <ex>licensed</ex> victualer; a <ex>licensed</ex> traffic.</as></def>

<cs><col>Licensed victualer</col>, <cd>one who has a license to keep an in or eating house; esp., a victualer who has a license to sell intoxicating liquors.</cd></cs>

<h1>Licensee</h1>
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<hw>Li`cen*see"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person to whom a license is given.</def>

<h1>Licenser</h1>
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<hw>Li"cens*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gives a license; <as>as, a <ex>licenser</ex> of the press</as>.</def>

<h1>Licensure</h1>
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<hw>Li"cen*sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A licensing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Licentiate</h1>
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<hw>Li*cen"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>licentiatus</ets>, fr. <ets>licentiare</ets> to allow to do anything, fr. L. <ets>licentia</ets> license. See <er>License</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who has a license to exercise a profession; <as>as, a <ex>licentiate</ex> in medicine or theology</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The college of physicians, in July, 1687, published an edict, requiring all the fellows, candidates, and <b>licentiates</b>, to give gratuitous advice to the neighboring poor.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A friar authorized to receive confessions and grant absolution in all places, independently of the local clergy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who acts without restraint, or takes a liberty, as if having a license therefor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>On the continent of Europe, a university degree intermediate between that of bachelor and that of doctor.</def>

<h1>Licentiate</h1>
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<hw>Li*cen"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give a license to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Licentious</h1>
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<hw>Li*cen"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>licentiosus</ets>:  cf. F. <ets>licencieux</ets>. See <er>License</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Characterized by license; passing due bounds; excessive; abusive of freedom; wantonly offensive; <as>as, a <ex>licentious</ex> press</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A wit that no <b>licentious</b> pertness knows.
<i>Savage.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unrestrained by law or morality; lawless; immoral; dissolute; lewd; lascivious; <as>as, a <ex>licentious</ex> man; a <ex>licentious</ex> life.</as></def> "<i>Licentious</i> wickedness."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Unrestrained; uncurbed; uncontrolled; unruly; riotous; ungovernable; wanton; profligate; dissolute; lax; loose; sensual; impure; unchaste; lascivious; immoral.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Li*cen"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Li*cen"tious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lich</h1>
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<hw>Lich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Lich</h1>
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<hw>Lich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.<ets>l\'c6c</ets> body. See <er>Like</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A dead body; a corpse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Lich fowl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European goatsucker; -- called also <altname>lich owl</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Lich gate</col>, <cd>a covered gate through which the corpse was carried to the church or burial place, and where the bier was placed to await clergyman; a corpse gate. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <i>Halliwell</i>.</cd> -- <col>Lich wake</col>, <cd>the wake, or watching, held over a corpse before burial. <mark>[Prov Eng.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>Lich wall</col>, <cd>the wall of a churchyard or burying ground.</cd> -- <col>Lich way</col>, <cd>the path by which the dead are carried to the grave. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Lichen</h1>
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<hw>Li"chen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of a class of cellular, flowerless plants, (technically called <altname>Lichenes</altname>), having no distinction of leaf and stem, usually of scaly, expanded, frond-like forms, but sometimes erect or pendulous and variously branched. They derive their nourishment from the air, and generate by means of spores. The species are very widely distributed, and form irregular spots or patches, usually of a greenish or yellowish color, upon rocks, trees, and various bodies, to which they adhere with great tenacity. They are often improperly called <i>rock moss or tree moss</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; A favorite modern theory of lichens (called after its inventor the <i>Schwendener hypothesis</i>), is that they are not autonomous plants, but that they consist of ascigerous fungi, parasitic on alg\'91. Each lichen is composed of white filaments and green, or greenish, rounded cells, and it is argued that the two are of different nature, the one living at the expense of the other. See <er>Hyph\'91</er>, and <er>Gonidia</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A name given to several varieties of skin disease, esp. to one characterized by the eruption of small, conical or flat, reddish pimples, which, if unchecked, tend to spread and produce great and even fatal exhaustion.</def>

<h1>Lichened</h1>
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<hw>Li"chened</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to, or covered with, lichens.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Lichenic</h1>
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<hw>Li*chen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, lichens.</def>

<cs><col>Lichenic acid</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An organic acid, <chform>C14H24O3</chform> obtained from Iceland moss</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An old name of fumaric acid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Licheniform</h1>
<Xpage=849>

<hw>Li*chen"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the form of a lichen.</def>

<h1>Lichenin</h1>
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<hw>Li"chen*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance isomeric with starch, extracted from several species of moss and lichen, esp. from Iceland moss.</def>

<h1>Lichenographic, Lichenographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Li"chen*o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Li`chen*o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lich\'82nographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to lichenography.</def>

<h1>Lichenographist</h1>
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<hw>Li`chen*og"ra*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who describes lichens; one versed in lichenography.</def>

<h1>Lichenography</h1>
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<hw>Li`chen*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lichen</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>lich\'82nographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of lichens; the science which illustrates the natural history of lichens.</def>

<h1>Lichenologist</h1>
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<hw>Li`chen*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in lichenology.</def>

<h1>Lichenolgy</h1>
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<hw>Li`chen*ol"*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lichen</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of lichens.</def>

<h1>Lichenous</h1>
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<hw>Li"chen*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, lichens; abounding in lichens; covered with lichens.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Lichi</h1>
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<hw>Li"chi`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Litchi</er>.</def>

<h1>Lichwale</h1>
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<hw>Lich"wale`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The gromwell.</def>

<h1>Lichwort</h1>
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<hw>Lich"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herb, the wall pellitory. See <er>Pellitory</er>.</def>

<h1>Licit</h1>
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<hw>Lic"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>licitus</ets> permitted, lawful, from <ets>licere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>licite</ets>. See <er>License</er>.]</ety> <def>Lawful.</def> "<i>Licit</i> establishments." <i>Carlyle</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Lic"it*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Lic"it*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Licitation</h1>
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<hw>Lic`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>licitatio</ets>, fr. <ets>licitari</ets>, <ets>liceri</ets>, to bid, offer a price.]</ety> <def>The act of offering for sale to the highest bidder.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Lick</h1>
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<hw>Lick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Licked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Licking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>liccian</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>likk<?/n</ets>, D. <ets>likken</ets>, OHG. <ets>lecch<?/n</ets>, G. <ets>lecken</ets>, Goth. <ets>bi-laig<?/n</ets>, Russ. <ets>lizate</ets>, L. <ets>lingere</ets>, Gr. <?/ , Skr. <ets>lih</ets>, <ets>rih</ets>. <ets><?/</ets>. Cf. <er>Lecher</er>, <er>Relish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw or pass the tongue over; <as>as, a dog <ex>licks</ex> his master's hand</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lap; to take in with the tongue; <as>as, a dog or cat <ex>licks</ex> milk</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>To lick the dust</col>, <cd>to be slain; to fall in battle. "His enemies shall <i>lick the dust<i>."  <i>Ps. lxxii. 9</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lick into shape</col>, <cd>to give proper form to; -- from a notion that the bear's cubs are born shapeless and subsequently formed by licking. <i>Hudibras</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lick the spittle of</col>, <cd>to fawn upon.</cd> <i>South</i>. -- <col>To lick up</col>, <cd>to take all of by licking; to devour; to consume entirely.</cd> <i>Shak</i>. <i>Num. xxii. 4</i>.</cs>

<h1>Lick</h1>
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<hw>Lick</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lick</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A stroke of the tongue in licking.</def> "A <i>lick</i> at the honey pot."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A quick and careless application of anything, as if by a stroke of the tongue, or of something which acts like a tongue; <as>as, to put on colors with a <ex>lick</ex> of the brush</as>. Also, a small quantity of any substance so applied.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>lick</b> of court white wash.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A place where salt is found on the surface of the earth, to which wild animals resort to lick it up; -- often, but not always, near salt springs.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>
<-- = salt lick -->

<h1>Lick</h1>
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<hw>Lick</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OSw. <ets>l\'84gga</ets> to place, strike, prick.]</ety> <def>To strike with repeated blows for punishment; to flog; to whip or conquer, as in a pugilistic encounter.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or Low]</mark><-- to defeat in a contest? -->

<i>Carlyle. Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Lick</h1>
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<hw>Lick</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A slap; a quick stroke.</def><mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "A <i>lick</i> across the face."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Licker</h1>
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<hw>Lick"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Lecher</er>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, licks.</def>

<cs><col>Licker in</col> <fld>(Carding Machine)</fld>, <cd>the drum, or cylinder, by which the lap is taken from the feed rollers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lickerish</h1>
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<hw>Lick"er*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Lecherous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Eager; craving; urged by desire; eager to taste or enjoy; greedy.</def> "The <i>lickerish</i> palate of the glutton."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tempting the appetite; dainty.</def> "<i>Lickerish</i> baits, fit to insnare a brute."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>lecherous; lustful.</def>

<i>Robert of Brunne.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Lick"er*ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Lick"er*ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lickerous</h1>
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<hw>Lick"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lickerish; eager; lustful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

-- <wordforms><wf>Lick"er*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Licking</h1>
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<hw>Lick"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A lapping with the tongue.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A flogging or castigation.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or Low]</mark>

<h1>Lickpenny</h1>
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<hw>Lick"pen`ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A devourer or absorber of money.</def> "Law is a <i>lickpenny</i>."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Lick-spigot</h1>
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<hw>Lick"-spig`ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tapster.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lick-spittle</h1>
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<hw>Lick"-spit`tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An abject flatterer or parasite.</def>

<i>Theodore Hook.</i>

<h1>Licorice</h1>
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<hw>Lic"o*rice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>licoris</ets>, though old French, fr. L. <ets>liquiritia</ets>, corrupted fr. <ets>glycyrrhiza</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ sweet + <?/ root. Cf. <er>Glycerin</er>, <er>Glycyrrhiza</er>, <er>Wort</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>liquorice</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Glycyrrhiza</spn> (<spn>G. glabra</spn>), the root of which abounds with a juice, and is much used in demulcent compositions.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The inspissated juice of licorice root, used as a confection and medicinal purposes.</def>

<cs><col>Licorice fern</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name of several kinds of polypody which have rootstocks of a sweetish flavor.</cd> -- <col>Licorice sugar</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Glycyrrhizin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Licorice weed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the tropical plant <spn>Scapania aulcis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Mountain licorice</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of clover (<spn>Trifolium alpinum</spn>), found in the Alps. It has large purplish flowers and a sweetish perennial rootstock.</cd> -- <col>Wild licorice</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The North American perennial herb <spn>Glycyrrhiza lepidota</spn>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Certain broad-leaved cleavers (<spn>Galium circ\'91zans</spn> and <spn>G. lanceolatum</spn>).</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The leguminous climber <spn>Abrus precatorius</spn>, whose scarlet and black seeds are called <i>black-eyed Susans<i>. Its roots are used as a substitute for those of true licorice (<spn>Glycyrrhiza glabra</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Licorous</h1>
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<hw>Lic"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Lickerish</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Lic"o*rous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Herbert.</i>

<h1>Licour</h1>
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<hw>Lic"our</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Liquor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lictor</h1>
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<hw>Lic"tor</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An officer who bore an ax and fasces or rods, as ensigns of his office. His duty was to attend the chief magistrates when they appeared in public, to clear the way, and cause due respect to be paid to them, also to apprehend and punish criminals.</def>

<blockquote><b>Lictors</b> and rods, the ensigns of their power.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lid</h1>
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<hw>Lid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hlid</ets>, fr. <ets>hl\'c6dan</ets> (in comp.) to cover, shut; akin to OS. <ets>hl\'c6dan</ets> (in comp.), D. <ets>lid</ets>, OHG. <ets>hlit</ets>, G. augen<ets>lid</ets> eyelid, Icel. <ets>hli<?/</ets> gate, gateway. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which covers the opening of a vessel or box, etc. ; a movable cover; <as>as, the <ex>lid</ex> of a chest or trunk</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The cover of the eye; an eyelid.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Tears, big tears, gushed from the rough soldier's <b>lid</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The cover of the spore cases of mosses.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A calyx which separates from the flower, and falls off in a single piece, as in the Australian <spn>Eucalypti</spn>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The top of an ovary which opens transversely, as in the fruit of the purslane and the tree which yields Brazil nuts.</def>

<h1>Lidded</h1>
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<hw>Lid"ded</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with a lid.</def>

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Lidge</h1>
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<hw>Lidge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same <er>Ledge</er>.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Lidless</h1>
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<hw>Lid"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no lid, or not covered with the lids, as the eyes; hence, sleepless; watchful.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>lidless</b> watcher of the public weal.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lie</h1>
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<hw>Lie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lye</er>.</def>

<h1>Lie</h1>
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<hw>Lie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>lyge</ets>; akin to D. <ets>leugen</ets>, OHG. <ets>lugi</ets>, <ets>G</ets>. <ets>l\'81ge</ets>, <ets>lug</ets>, Icel. <ets>lygi</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>l\'94gn</ets>, Goth. <ets>liugn</ets>. See <er>Lie</er> to utter a falsehood.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A falsehood uttered or acted for the purpose of deception; an intentional violation of truth; an untruth spoken with the intention to deceive.</def>

<blockquote>It is willful deceit that makes a <b>lie</b>. A man may act a <b>lie</b>, as by pointing his finger in a wrong direction when a traveler inquires of him his road.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fiction; a fable; an untruth.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything which misleads or disappoints.</def>

<blockquote>Wishing this <b>lie</b> of life was o'er.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To give the lie to</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To charge with falsehood; <as>as, the man <ex>gave<ex> him <ex>the lie<ex></as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To reveal to be false; <as>as, a man's actions may <ex>give the lie to<ex> his words</as>.</cd> -- <col>White lie</col>, <cd>a euphemism for such lies as one finds it convenient to tell, and excuses himself for telling.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Untruth; falsehood; fiction; deception.</syn> <usage> -- <er>lie</er>, <er>Untruth</er>. A man may state what is <i>untrue</i> from ignorance or misconception; hence, to impute an <i>untruth</i> to one is not necessarily the same as charging him with a <i>lie</i>. Every <i>lie</i> is an <i>untruth</i>, but not every <i>untruth</i> is a <i>lie</i>. Cf. <er>Falsity</er>.</usage>

<h1>Lie</h1>
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<hw>Lie</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>lien</ets>, <ets>li<?/en</ets>, <ets>le<?/en</ets>, <ets>leo<?/en</ets>, AS. <ets>le\'a2gan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>liegen</ets>, OS. &  OHG. <ets>liogan</ets>, G. <ets>l\'81gen</ets>, Icel. <ets>lj<?/ga</ets>, Sw. <ets>ljuga</ets>, Dan.<ets>lyve</ets>, Goth. <ets>liugan</ets>, Russ. <ets>lgate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To utter falsehood with an intention to deceive; to say or do that which is intended to deceive another, when he a right to know the truth, or when morality requires a just representation.</def>

<h1>Lie</h1>
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<hw>Lie</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Lay</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Lain</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, (<er>Lien</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <mark>[Obs.]</mark>); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>lien</ets>, <ets>liggen</ets>, AS. <ets>licgan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>liggen</ets>, OHG. <ets>ligen</ets>, <ets>licken</ets>, G. <ets>liegen</ets>, Icel. <ets>liggja</ets>, Sw. <ets>ligga</ets>, Dan. <ets>ligge</ets>, Goth.  <ets>ligan</ets>, Russ. <ets>lejate</ets>, L. <ets>lectus</ets> bed, Gr. <?/ bed, <?/ to lie. Cf. <er>Lair</er>, <er>Law</er>, <er>Lay</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Litter</er>, <er>Low</er>, <ets>adj</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rest extended on the ground, a bed, or any support; to be, or to put one's self, in an horizontal position, or nearly so; to be prostate; to be stretched out; -- often with <ptcl>down</ptcl>, when predicated of living creatures; <as>as, the book <ex>lies</ex> on the table; the snow <ex>lies</ex> on the roof; he <ex>lies</ex> in his coffin.</as></def>

<blockquote>The watchful traveler . . .
<b>Lay</b> down again, and closed his weary eyes.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be situated; to occupy a certain place; <as>as, Ireland <ex>lies</ex> west of England; the meadows <ex>lie</ex> along the river; the ship <ex>lay</ex> in port.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To abide; to remain for a longer or shorter time; to be in a certain state or condition; <as>as, to <ex>lie</ex> waste; to <ex>lie</ex> fallow; to <ex>lie</ex> open; to <ex>lie</ex> hid; to <ex>lie</ex> grieving; to <ex>lie</ex> under one's displeasure; to <ex>lie</ex> at the mercy of the waves; the paper does not <ex>lie</ex> smooth on the wall.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be or exist; to belong or pertain; to have an abiding place; to consist; -- with <i>in</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Envy <b>lies</b> between beings equal in nature, though unequal in circumstances.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He that thinks that diversion may not <b>lie</b> in hard labor, forgets the early rising and hard riding of huntsmen.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To lodge; to sleep.</def>

<blockquote>Whiles I was now trifling at home, I saw London, . . . where I <b>lay</b> one night only.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Mr. Quinion <b>lay</b> at our house that night.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To be still or quiet, like one lying down to rest.</def>

<blockquote>The wind is loud and will not <b>lie</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To be sustainable; to be capable of being maintained.</def> "An appeal <i>lies</i> in this case."

<i>Parsons.</i>

<note>&hand; Through ignorance or carelessness speakers and writers often confuse the forms of the two distinct verbs <i>lay</i> and <i>lie</i>. <i>Lay</i> is a transitive verb, and has for its preterit <i>laid</i>; as, he told me to <i>lay</i> it down, and I <i>laid</i> it down. <i>Lie</i> is intransitive, and has for its preterit <i>lay</i>; as, he told me to <i>lie</i> down, and I <i>lay</i> down.  Some persons blunder by using <i>laid</i> for the preterit of <i>lie</i>; as, he told me to <i>lie</i> down, and I <i>laid</i> down. So persons often say incorrectly, the ship <i>laid</i> at anchor; they <i>laid</i> by during the storm; the book was <i>laying</i> on the shelf, etc. It is only necessary to remember, in all such cases, that <i>laid</i> is the preterit of <i>lay</i>, and not of <i>lie</i>.</note>

<cs><col>To lie along the shore</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to coast, keeping land in sight.</cd> -- <col>To lie at the door of</col>, <cd>to be imputable to; as, the sin, blame, etc., <i>lies at your door<i>.</cd> -- <col>To lie at the heart</col>, <cd>to be an object of affection, desire, or anxiety. <i>Sir W. Temple</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lie at the mercy of</col>, <cd>to be in the power of.</cd> -- <col>To lie by</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To remain with; to be at hand; <as>as, he has the manuscript <ex>lying by<ex> him</as></cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To rest; to intermit labor; as, we <i>lay by<i> during the heat of the day.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To lie hard</col> &or; <col>heavy</col></mcol>, <cd>to press or weigh; to bear hard.</cd> -- <col>To lie in</col>, <cd>to be in childbed; to bring forth young.</cd> -- <col>To lie in one</col>, <cd>to be in the power of; to belong to. "As much as <i>lieth in you<i>, live peaceably with all men." <i>Rom. xii. 18</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lie in the way</col>, <cd>to be an obstacle or impediment.</cd> -- <col>To lie in wait</col> , <cd>to wait in concealment; to lie in ambush.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To lie on</col> &or; <col>upon</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To depend on; <as>as, his life <ex>lies on<ex> the result</as></cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To bear, rest, press, or weigh on.</cd> -- <col>To lie low</col>, <cd>to remain in concealment or inactive.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>To lie on hand</col>, <col>To lie on one's hands</col>, <cd>to remain unsold or unused; <as>as, the goods are still <ex>lying on his hands<ex>; they have too much time <ex>lying on their hands<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>To lie on the head of</col>, <cd>to be imputed to.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>What he gets more of her than sharp words, let it <b>lie on my head</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To lie over</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To remain unpaid after the time when payment is due, as a note in bank.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be deferred to some future occasion, as a resolution in a public deliberative body.</cd> -- <col>To lie to</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to stop or delay; especially, to head as near the wind as possible as being the position of greatest safety in a gale; -- said of a ship. Cf. <cref>To bring to</cref>, under <er>Bring</er>.</cd> -- <col>To lie under</col>, <cd>to be subject to; to suffer; to be oppressed by.</cd> -- <col>To lie with</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To lodge or sleep with.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To have sexual intercourse with</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To belong to; <as>as, it <ex>lies with</ex> you to make amends</as>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="850">
Page 850<p>

<h1>Lie</h1>
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<hw>Lie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The position or way in which anything lies; the lay, as of land or country.</def>

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<blockquote>He surveyed with his own eyes . . . the <b>lie</b> of the country on the side towards Thrace.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd.).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lieberk\'81hn</h1>
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<hw>Lie"ber*k\'81hn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after a German physician and instrument maker, <ets>J</ets>. <tt>n.</tt> <ets>Lieberk\'81hn</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Optics)</fld> <def>A concave metallic mirror attached to the object-glass end of a microscope, to throw down light on opaque objects; a reflector.</def>

<h1>Lieberk\'81hn's glands</h1>
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<hw>Lie"ber*k\'81hn's glands`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Lieberk\'81hn</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The simple tubular glands of the small intestines; -- called also <altname>crypts of Lieberk\'81hn</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lied</h1>
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<hw>Lied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> ; <plu>pl. <plw>Lieder</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[G.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A lay; a German song. It differs from the French <i>chanson</i>, and the Italian <i>canzone</i>, all three being national.</def>

<blockquote>The German <b>Lied</b> is perhaps the most faithful reflection of the national sentiment.
<i>Grove.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Liedertafel</h1>
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<hw>Lie"der*ta`fel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., lit., a song table.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A popular name for any society or club which meets for the practice of male part songs.</def>

<h1>Lief</h1>
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<hw>Lief</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Lif</er>.</def>

<h1>Lief</h1>
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<hw>Lief</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lieve</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[OE. <ets>leef</ets>, <ets>lef</ets>, <ets>leof</ets>, AS. <ets>le\'a2f</ets>; akin to OS.<ets>liof</ets>, OFries. <ets>liaf</ets>, D. <ets>lief</ets>, G. <ets>lieb</ets>, OHG. <ets>liob</ets>, Icel. <ets>lj<?/fr</ets>, Sw.<ets>ljuf</ets>, Goth. <ets>liubs</ets>, and E. <ets>love</ets>. &root;124. See <er>Love</er>, and cf. <er>Believe</er>, <er>Leave</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Furlough</er>, <er>Libidinous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dear; beloved. <mark>[Obs., except in poetry.]</mark> "My <i>liefe</i> mother." <i>Chaucer</i>. "My <i>liefest</i> liege." <i>Shak.</i></def>

<blockquote>As thou art <b>lief</b> and dear.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <note>(Used with a form of the verb <i>to be</i>, and the dative of the personal pronoun.)</note> <def>Pleasing; agreeable; acceptable; preferable. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Lief</er>, <tt>adv.</tt>, and <i>Had as lief</i>, under <er>Had</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Full <b>lief</b> me were this counsel for to hide.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Death me <b>liefer</b> were than such despite.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Willing; disposed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I am not <b>lief</b> to gab.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He up arose, however <b>lief</b> or loth.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lief</h1>
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<hw>Lief</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dear one; a sweetheart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lief</h1>
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<hw>Lief</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Gladly; willingly; freely; -- now used only in the phrases, <i>had as lief</i>, and <i>would as lief</i>; <as>as, I had, or would, as <ex>lief</ex> go as not</as>.</def>

<blockquote>All women <b>liefest</b> would
Be sovereign of man's love.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I had as <b>lief</b> the town crier spoke my lines.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Far <b>liefer</b> by his dear hand had I die.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The comparative <i>liefer</i> with <i>had or would</i>, and followed by the infinitive, either with or without the sign <i>to</i>, signifies <i>prefer</i>, <i>choose as preferable</i>, <i>would</i> or <i>had rather</i>. In the 16th century <i>rather</i> was substituted for <i>liefer</i> in such constructions in literary English, and has continued to be generally so used. See <cref>Had as lief</cref>, <cref>Had rather</cref>, etc. , under <er>Had</er>.</note>

<h1>Liefsome</h1>
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<hw>Lief"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pleasing; delightful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Liegance</h1>
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<hw>Lieg"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ligeance</er>.</def>

<h1>Liege</h1>
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<hw>Liege</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lige</ets>, <ets>lege</ets>, F. <ets>lige</ets>, LL. <ets>ligius</ets>, <ets>legius</ets>, liege, unlimited, complete, prob. of German origin; cf. G. <ets>ledig</ets> free from bonds and obstacles, MHG. <ets>ledec</ets>, <ets>ledic</ets>, <ets>lidic</ets>, freed, loosed, and Charta Ottonis de Benthem, ann. <?/ , "<ets>ligius homo</ets> quod Teutonic\'8a dicitur <ets>ledigman</ets>," i. e., uni soli homagio obligatus, free from all obligations to others; influenced by L.<ets>ligare</ets> to bind. G. <ets>ledig</ets> perh. orig. meant, free to go where one pleases, and is perh. akin to E.<ets>lead</ets> to conduct. Cf. <er>Lead</er> to guide.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sovereign; independent; having authority or right to allegiance; <as>as, a <ex>liege</ex> lord</as>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>She looked as grand as doomsday and as grave;
And he, he reverenced his <b>liege</b> lady there.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>serving an independent sovereign or master; bound by a feudal tenure; obliged to be faithful and loyal to a superior, as a vassal to his lord; faithful; loyal; <as>as, a <ex>liege</ex> man; a <ex>liege</ex> subject.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>Full; perfect; complete; pure.</def> <i>Burrill</i>.

<cs><col>Liege homage</col> <fld>(Feudal Custom)</fld>, <cd>that homage of one sovereign or prince to another which acknowledged an obligation of fealty and services.</cd> -- <col>Liege poustie</col> <ety>[L. <ets>legitima potestas<ets>]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>, <cd>perfect, <it>i. e.</it>, legal, power; specif., having health requisite to do legal acts.</cd> -- <col>Liege widowhood</col>, <cd>perfect, <it>i. e.</it>, pure, widowhood. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Liege</h1>
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<hw>Liege</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A free and independent person; specif., a lord paramount; a sovereign.</def> <i>Mrs. Browning</i>.

<blockquote>The anointed sovereign of sighs and groans,
<b>Liege</b> of all loiterers and malcontents.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The subject of a sovereign or lord; a liegeman.</def>

<blockquote>A liege lord seems to have been a lord of a free band; and his <b>lieges</b>, though serving under him, were privileged men, free from all other obligations, their name being due to their freedom, not to their service.
<i>Skeat.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Liegeman</h1>
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<hw>Liege"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Liegemen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Same as <er>Liege</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Lieger</h1>
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<hw>Lie"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Leger</er>, <er>Ledger</er>.]</ety> <def>A resident ambassador. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Leger</er>.</def>

<i>Denham.</i>

<h1>Liegiancy</h1>
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<hw>Lie"gian*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ligeance</er>.</def>

<h1>Lien</h1>
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<hw>Li"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs. p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Lie</er>. See <er>lain</er>.</def>

<i>Ps. lxviii. 13.</i>

<h1>Lien</h1>
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<hw>Lien</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lien</ets> band, bond, tie, fr. L. <ets>ligamen</ets>, fr.  <ets>ligare</ets> to bind. Cf. <er>League</er> a union, <er>Leam</er> a string, <er>Leamer</er>, <er>Ligament</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A legal claim; a charge upon real or personal property for the satisfaction of some debt or duty; a right in one to control or hold and retain the property of another until some claim of the former is paid or satisfied.</def>

<h1>Lienal</h1>
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<hw>Li*e"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lien</ets> the spleen.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the spleen; splenic.</def>

<h1>Lienculus</h1>
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<hw>Li*en"cu*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lienculi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>lien</ets> the spleen.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the small nodules sometimes found in the neighborhood of the spleen; an accessory or supplementary spleen.</def>

<h1>Lieno-intestinal</h1>
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<hw>Li*e`no-in*tes"ti*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[l. <ets>lien</ets> the spleen + E. <ets>intestinal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the spleen and intestine; <as>as, the <ex>lieno-intestinal</ex> vein of the frog</as>.</def>

<h1>Lienteric</h1>
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<hw>Li`en*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lientericus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>lient\'82rique</ets>. See <er>Lientery</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, a lientery.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A lientery.</def></def2>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Lientery</h1>
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<hw>Li"en*ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ smooth, soft + <?/ an intestine: cf. F. <ets>lient\'82rie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A diarrhea, in which the food is discharged imperfectly digested, or with but little change.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Lier</h1>
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<hw>Li"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lie</er>. ]</ety> <def>One who lies down; one who rests or remains, as in concealment.</def>

<blockquote>There were <b>liers</b> in a ambush against him.
<i>Josh. viii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lierne rib</h1>
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<hw>Lierne" rib`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>lierne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>In Gothic vaulting, any rib which does not spring from the impost and is not a ridge rib, but passes from one boss or intersection of the principal ribs to another.</def>

<h1>Lieu</h1>
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<hw>Lieu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., OF. also <ets>liu</ets>, <ets>leu</ets>, <ets>lou</ets>, fr. L. <ets>locus</ets> place. See <er>Local</er>, <er>Locus</er>.]</ety> <def>Place; room; stead; -- used only in the phrase <i>in lieu of</i>, that is, <i>instead of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The plan of extortion had been adopted in <b>lieu</b> of the scheme of confiscation.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lieutenancy</h1>
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<hw>Lieu*ten"an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The office, rank, or commission, of a lieutenant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The body of lieutenants or subordinates.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The list of the <b>lieutenancy</b> of our metropolis.
<i>Felton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lieutenant</h1>
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<hw>Lieu*ten"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>lieu</ets> place + <ets>tenant</ets> holding, p. pr. of <ets>tenir</ets> to hold, L. <ets>tenere</ets>. See <er>Lieu</er>, and <er>Tenant</er>, and cf. <er>Locum tenens</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An officer who supplies the place of a superior in his absence; a representative of, or substitute for, another in the performance of any duty.</def>

<blockquote>The lawful magistrate, who is the vicegerent or <b>lieutenant</b> of God.
<i>Abp. Bramhall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A commissioned officer in the army, next below a captain.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A commissioned officer in the British navy, in rank next below a commander.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A commissioned officer in the United States navy, in rank next below a lieutenant commander.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Lieutenant</i> is often used, either adjectively or in hyphened compounds, to denote an officer, in rank next below another, especially when the duties of the higher officer may devolve upon the lower one; as, <i>lieutenant</i> general, or <i>lieutenant-</i>general; <i>lieutenant</i> colonel, or <i>lieutenant-</i>colonel; <i>lieutenant</i> governor, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Deputy lieutenant</col>, <cd>the title of any one of the deputies or assistants of the lord lieutenant of a county.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Lieutenant colonel</col>, <cd>an army officer next in rank above major, and below colonel.</cd> -- <col>Lieutenant commander</col>, <cd>an officer in the United States navy, in rank next below a commander and next above a lieutenant.</cd> -- <col>Lieutenant general</col>. <cd>See in Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Lieutenant governor</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An officer of a State, being next in rank to the governor, and in case of the death or resignation of the latter, himself acting as governor</cd>. <mark>[U. S.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A deputy governor acting as the chief civil officer of one of several colonies under a governor general. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Lieutenant general</h1>
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<hw>Lieu*ten"ant gen"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. An army officer in rank next below a general and next above a major general.</def>

<note>&hand; In the United States, before the civil war, this rank had been conferred only on George Washington and (in brevet) on Winfield Scott. In 1864 it was revived by Congress and conferred on Ulysses S. Grant, and subsequently, by promotion, on William T. Sherman and Philip H. Sheridan, each of whom was advanced to the rank of <cref>general of the army</cref>. When Sheridan was made general (in 1888) the rank of lieutenant general was suffered to lapse. See <er>General</er>.</note>

<h1>Lieutenantry</h1>
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<hw>Lieu*ten"ant*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lieutenancy</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lieutenantship</h1>
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<hw>Lieu*ten"ant*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Lieutenancy</er>, 1.</def>

<h1>Lieve</h1>
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<hw>Lieve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Lief</er>.</def>

<h1>Lif</h1>
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<hw>Lif</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>lief</ets>.]</ety> <def>The fiber by which the petioles of the date palm are bound together, from which various kinds of cordage are made.</def>

<h1>Life</h1>
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<hw>Life</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lives</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>l<?/f</ets>; akin to D. <ets>lijf</ets> body, G. <ets>leib</ets> body, MHG. <ets>l<?/p</ets> life, body, OHG. <ets>l<?/b</ets> life, Icel. <ets>l<?/f</ets>, life, body, Sw. <ets>lif</ets>, Dan. <ets>liv</ets>, and E. <ets>live</ets>, v. <?/. See <er>Live</er>, and cf. <er>Alive</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being which begins with generation, birth, or germination, and ends with death; also, the time during which this state continues; that state of an animal or plant in which all or any of its organs are capable of performing all or any of their functions; -- used of all animal and vegetable organisms.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of human being: The union of the soul and body; also, the duration of their union; sometimes, the deathless quality or existence of the soul; <as>as, man is a creature having an immortal <ex>life</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>She shows a body rather than a <b>life</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Philos)</fld> <def>The potential principle, or force, by which the organs of animals and plants are started and continued in the performance of their several and co\'94perative functions; the vital force, whether regarded as physical or spiritual.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Figuratively: The potential or animating principle, also, the period of duration, of anything that is conceived of as resembling a natural organism in structure or functions; <as>as, the <ex>life</ex> of a state, a machine, or a book; authority is the <ex>life</ex> of government.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A certain way or manner of living with respect to conditions, circumstances, character, conduct, occupation, etc.; hence, human affairs; also, lives, considered collectively, as a distinct class or type; <as>as, low <ex>life</ex>; a good or evil <ex>life</ex>; the <ex>life</ex> of Indians, or of miners.</as></def>

<blockquote>That which before us lies in daily <b>life</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By experience of <b>life</b> abroad in the world.
<i>Ascham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Lives</b> of great men all remind us
We can make our <b>lives</b> sublime.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>'T is from high <b>life</b> high characters are drawn.
<i>Pope</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Animation; spirit; vivacity; vigor; energy.</def>

<blockquote>No notion of <b>life</b> and fire in fancy and in words.
<i>Felton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That gives thy gestures grace and <b>life</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>That which imparts or excites spirit or vigor; that upon which enjoyment or success depends; <as>as, he was the <ex>life</ex> of the company, or of the enterprise</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The living or actual form, person, thing, or state; <as>as, a picture or a description from, the <ex>life</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A person; a living being, usually a human being; <as>as, many <ex>lives</ex> were sacrificed</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>The system of animal nature; animals in general, or considered collectively.</def>

<blockquote>Full nature swarms with <b>life</b>.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>An essential constituent of life, esp: the blood.</def>

<blockquote>The words that I speak unto you . . . they are <b>life</b>.
<i>John vi. 63.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The warm <b>life</b> came issuing through the wound.
<i>Pope</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>A history of the acts and events of a life; a biography; <as>as, Johnson wrote the <ex>life</ex> of Milton</as>.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>Enjoyment in the right use of the powers; especially, a spiritual existence; happiness in the favor of God; heavenly felicity.</def>

<p><b>14.</b> <def>Something dear to one as one's existence; a darling; -- used as a term of endearment.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Life</i> forms the first part of many compounds, for the most part of obvious meaning; as, <i>life-</i>giving, <i>life-</i>sustaining, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Life annuity</col>, <cd>an annuity payable during one's life.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Life arrow</col>, <col>Life rocket</col>, <col>Life shot</col></mcol>, <cd>an arrow, rocket, or shot, for carrying an attached line to a vessel in distress in order to save life.</cd> -- <col>Life assurance</col>. See <cref>Life insurance</cref>, below. <-- no life boat?--> -- <col>Life buoy</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Buoy</er>.</cd> -- <col>Life car</col>, <cd>a water-tight boat or box, traveling on a line from a wrecked vessel to the shore. In it person are hauled through the waves and surf.</cd> -- <col>Life drop</col>, <cd>a drop of vital blood. <i>Byron</i>.</cd> -- <col>Life estate</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an estate which is held during the term of some certain person's life, but does not pass by inheritance.</cd> -- <col>Life everlasting</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant with white or yellow persistent scales about the heads of the flowers, as <spn>Antennaria</spn>, and <spn>Gnaphalium</spn>; cudweed.</cd> -- <col>Life of an execution</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the period when an execution is in force, or before it expires.</cd> -- <col>Life guard</col>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Guard</er>.</cd> -- <col>Life insurance</col>, <cd>the act or system of insuring against death; a contract by which the insurer undertakes, in consideration of the payment of a premium (usually at stated periods), to pay a stipulated sum in the event of the death of the insured or of a third person in whose life the insured has an interest.</cd> -- <col>Life interest</col>, <cd>an estate or interest which lasts during one's life, or the life of another person, but does not pass by inheritance.</cd> -- <col>Life land</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>land held by lease for the term of a life or lives.</cd> -- <col>Life line</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>A line along any part of a vessel for the security of sailors</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A line attached to a life boat, or to any life saving apparatus, to be grasped by a person in the water.</cd> -- <col>Life rate</col>, <cd>rate of premium for insuring a life.</cd> -- <col>Life rent</col>, <cd>the rent of a life estate; rent or property to which one is entitled during one's life.</cd> -- <col>Life school</col>, <cd>a school for artists in which they model, paint, or draw from living models.</cd> -- <col>Lifetable</col>, <cd>a table showing the probability of life at different ages.</cd> -- <col>To lose one's life</col>, <cd>to die.</cd> -- <col>To seek the life of</col>, <cd>to seek to kill.</cd> -- <col>To the life</col>, <cd>so as closely to resemble the living person or the subject; <as>as, the portrait was drawn <ex>to the life<ex></as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lifeblood</h1>
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<hw>Life"blood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The blood necessary to life; vital blood.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: That which gives strength and energy.</def>

<blockquote>Money [is] the <b>lifeblood</b> of the nation.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lifeboat</h1>
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<hw>Life"boat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A strong, buoyant boat especially designed for saving the lives of shipwrecked people.</def>

<h1>Lifeful</h1>
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<hw>Life"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of vitality.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Life-giving</h1>
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<hw>Life"-giv`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giving life or spirit; having power to give life; inspiriting; invigorating.</def>

<h1>Lifehold</h1>
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<hw>Life"hold`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Land held by a life estate.</def>

<h1>Lifeless</h1>
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<hw>Life"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of life, or deprived of life; not containing, or inhabited by, living beings or vegetation; dead, or apparently dead; spiritless; powerless; dull; <as>as, a <ex>lifeless</ex> carcass; <ex>lifeless</ex> matter; a <ex>lifeless</ex> desert; a <ex>lifeless</ex> wine; a <ex>lifeless</ex> story.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Life"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Life"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<syn>Syn. -- Dead; soulless; inanimate; torpid; inert; inactive; dull; heavy; unanimated; spiritless; frigid; pointless; vapid; flat; tasteless.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Lifeless</er>, <er>Dull</er>, <er>Inanimate</er>, <er>Dead</er>. In a moral sense, <i>lifeless</i> denotes a want of vital energy; <i>inanimate</i>, a want of expression as to any feeling that may be possessed; <i>dull</i> implies a torpor of soul which checks all mental activity; <i>dead</i> supposes a destitution of feeling. A person is said to be <i>lifeless</i> who has lost the spirits which he once had; he is said to be <i>inanimate</i> when he is naturally wanting in spirits; one is <i>dull</i> from an original deficiency of mental power; he who is <i>dead</i> to moral sentiment is wholly bereft of the highest attribute of his nature.</usage>

<h1>Lifelike</h1>
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<hw>Life"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Lively</er>.]</ety> <def>Like a living being; resembling life; giving an accurate representation; <as>as, a <ex>lifelike</ex> portrait</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Life"like`ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Poe.</i>

<h1>Lifelong</h1>
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<hw>Life"long</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Life</ets> + <ets>long</ets>. Cf. <er>Livelong</er>.]</ety> <def>Lasting or continuing through life.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Lifely</h1>
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<hw>Life"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Lively</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>In a lifelike manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lifemate</h1>
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<hw>Life"mate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Companion for life.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Lifen</h1>
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<hw>Lif"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To enliven.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Life-preserver</h1>
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<hw>Life"-pre*serv`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An apparatus, made in very various forms, and of various materials, for saving one from drowning by buoying up the body while in the water.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Life"-pre*serv`ing</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Life-saving</h1>
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<hw>Life"-sav`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That saves life, or is suited to save life, esp. from drowning; <as>as, the <ex>life-saving</ex> service; a <ex>life-saving</ex> station.</as></def>

<h1>Life-size</h1>
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<hw>Life"-size`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of full size; of the natural size.</def>

<h1>Lifesome</h1>
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<hw>Life"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Animated; sprightly.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark> <i>Coleridge</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Life"some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lifespring</h1>
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<hw>Life"spring`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Spring or source of life.</def>

<h1>Lifestring</h1>
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<hw>Life"string"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nerve, or string, that is imagined to be essential to life.</def>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Lifetime</h1>
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<hw>Life"time`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The time that life continues</def>.

<h1>Life-weary</h1>
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<hw>Life"-wea`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Weary of living.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Liflode</h1>
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<hw>Lif"lode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Livelihood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lift</h1>
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<hw>Lift</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[AS.<ets>lyft</ets> air. See <er>Loft</er>.]</ety> <def>The sky; the atmosphere; the firmament.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Lift</h1>
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<hw>Lift</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lifted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lifting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Icel. <ets>lypta</ets>, fr. <ets>lopt</ets> air; akin to Sw.<ets>lyfta</ets> to lift, Dan. <ets>l\'94fte</ets>, G. <ets>l\'81ften</ets>; -- prop., to raise into the air. See <er>Loft</er>, and cf. 1st <er>Lift</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move in a direction opposite to that of gravitation; to raise; to elevate; to bring up from a lower place to a higher; to upheave; sometimes implying a continued support or holding in the higher place; -- said of material things; <as>as, to <ex>lift</ex> the foot or the hand; to <ex>lift</ex> a chair or a burden</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="851">
Page 851<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To raise, elevate, exalt, improve, in rank, condition, estimation, character, etc.; -- often with <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The Roman virtues <b>lift</b> up mortal man.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lest, being <b>lifted</b> up with pride.
<i>I Tim. iii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bear; to support.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To collect, as moneys due; to raise.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <ety>[Perh. a different word, and akin to Goth. <ets>hliftus</ets> thief, <ets>hlifan</ets> to steal, L. <ets>clepere</ets>, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Shoplifter</er>.]</ety> <def>To steal; to carry off by theft (esp. cattle); <as>as, to <ex>lift</ex> a drove of cattle</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; In old writers, <i>lift</i> is sometimes used for <i>lifted</i>.</note>

<blockquote>He ne'er <b>lift</b> up his hand but conquered.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To lift up</col>, <cd>to raise or elevate; in the Scriptures, specifically, to elevate upon the cross. <i>John viii. 28</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lift up the eyes</col>. <cd>To look up; to raise the eyes, as in prayer. <i>Ps. cxxi. 1</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lift up the feet</col>, <cd>to come speedily to one's relief. <i>Ps. lxxiv. 3</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lift up the hand</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To take an oath</cd>. <i>Gen. xiv. 22</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To pray.</cd> <i>Ps. xxviii. 2</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To engage in duty.</cd> <i>Heb. xii. 12</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lift up the hand against</col>, <cd>to rebel against; to assault; to attack; to injure; to oppress. <i>Job xxxi. 21</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lift up one's head</col>, <cd>to cause one to be exalted or to rejoice. <i>Gen. xl. 13</i>. <i>Luke xxi. 28</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lift up the heel against</col>, <cd>to treat with insolence or unkindness. <i>John xiii.18</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lift up the voice</col>, <cd>to cry aloud; to call out. <i>Gen. xxi. 16</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lift</h1>
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<hw>Lift</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To try to raise something; to exert the strength for raising or bearing.</def>

<blockquote>Strained by <b>lifting</b> at a weight too heavy.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rise; to become or appear raised or elevated; <as>as, the fog <ex>lifts</ex>; the land <ex>lifts</ex> to a ship approaching it.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[See <er>Lift</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 5.]</ety> <def>To live by theft.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Lift</h1>
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<hw>Lift</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of lifting; also, that which is lifted.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The space or distance through which anything is lifted; <as>as, a long <ex>lift</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Help; assistance, as by lifting; <as>as, to give one a <ex>lift</ex> in a wagon</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>The goat gives the fox a <b>lift</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<-- 3b. a ride in a vehicle, given by the vehicle's owner to another person as a favor -- usually in "give a lift" or "got a lift", as "Jack gave me a lift into town." -->

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That by means of which a person or thing lifts or is lifted</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A hoisting machine; an elevator; a dumb waiter</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An exercising machine.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A rise; a degree of elevation; <as>as, the <ex>lift</ex> of a lock in canals</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A lift gate. See <cref>Lift gate</cref>, below.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope leading from the masthead to the extremity of a yard below; -- used for raising or supporting the end of the yard.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>One of the steps of a cone pulley.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Shoemaking)</fld> <def>A layer of leather in the heel.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Horology)</fld> <def>That portion of the vibration of a balance during which the impulse is given.</def>

<i>Saunier.</i>

<cs><col>Dead lift</col>. <cd>See under <er>Dead</er>. <i>Swift</i>.</cd> -- <col>Lift bridge</col>, <cd>a kind of drawbridge, the movable part of which is lifted, instead of being drawn aside.</cd> -- <col>Lift gate</col>, <cd>a gate that is opened by lifting.</cd> -- <col>Lift hammer</col>. <cd>See <er>Tilt hammer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lift lock</col>, <cd>a canal lock.</cd> -- <col>Lift pump</col>, <cd>a lifting pump.</cd> -- <col>Lift tenter</col> <fld>(Windmills)</fld>, <cd>a governor for regulating the speed by adjusting the sails, or for adjusting the action of grinding machinery according to the speed.</cd> -- <col>Lift wall</col> <fld>(Canal Lock)</fld>, <cd>the cross wall at the head of the lock.</cd></cs>

<h1>Liftable</h1>
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<hw>Lift"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Such as can be lifted.</def>

<h1>Lifter</h1>
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<hw>Lift"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, lifts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A tool for lifting loose sand from the mold; also, a contrivance attached to a cope, to hold the sand together when the cope is lifted.</def>

<h1>Lifting</h1>
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<hw>Lift"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Used in, or for, or by, lifting.</def>

<cs><col>Lifting bridge</col>, <cd>a lift bridge.</cd> -- <col>Lifting jack</col>. <cd>See 2d <er>Jack</er>, 5.</cd> -- <col>Lifting machine</col>. <cd>See <cref>Health lift</cref>, under <er>Health</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lifting pump</col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A kind of pump having a bucket, or valved piston, instead of a solid piston, for drawing water and lifting it to a high level</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A pump which lifts the water only to the top of the pump, or delivers it through a spout; a lift pump.</cd> -- <col>Lifting rod</col>, <cd>a vertical rod lifted by a rock shaft, and imparting motion to a puppet valve; -- used in the engines of river steamboats.</cd> -- <col>Lifting sail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>one which tends to lift a vessel's bow out of water, as jibs and square foresails.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lig</h1>
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<hw>Lig</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lie</er> to be prostrate.]</ety> <def>To recline; to lie still.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Ligament</h1>
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<hw>Lig"a*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ligamentum</ets>, fr. <ets>ligare</ets> to bind; cf. f. <ets>ligament</ets>. Cf. <er>Lien</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Ligature</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything that ties or unites one thing or part to another; a bandage; a bond.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<blockquote>Interwoven is the love of liberty with every <b>ligament</b> of your hearts.
<i>Washington.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tough band or plate of dense, fibrous, connective tissue or fibrocartilage serving to unite bones or form joints.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A band of connective tissue, or a membranous fold, which supports or retains an organ in place; <as>as, the gastrophrenic <ex>ligament</ex>, connecting the diaphragm and stomach</as>.</def>

<h1>Ligamental, Ligamentous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lig`a*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lig"a*men"tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ligamenteux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Composing a ligament; of the nature of a ligament; binding; <as>as, a strong <ex>ligamentous</ex> membrane</as>.</def>

<h1>Ligan</h1>
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<hw>Li"gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[Cf. L. <ets>ligare</ets> to bind, to tie, <ets>ligamen</ets> band, bandage, E. <ets>ligament</ets>, or <ets>ligsam</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Goods sunk in the sea, with a buoy attached in order that they may be found again. See <er>Jetsam</er> and <er>Flotsam</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lagan</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Ligate</h1>
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<hw>Li"gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ligatus</ets>, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>p</ets>. of <ets>ligare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To tie with a ligature; to bind around; to bandage.</def>

<-- ((Molecular biology) To concatenate two strands of nucleic acid, usually DNA, in an end-to-end fashion, using a ligase. -->

<h1>Ligation</h1>
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<hw>Li*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ligatio</ets>, fr. <ets>ligare</ets> to bind. Cf. <er>Liaison</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of binding, or the state of being bound.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which binds; bond; connection.</def>

<blockquote>Tied with tape, and sealed at each fold and <b>ligation</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ligator</h1>
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<hw>Li*ga"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ligate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument for ligating, or for placing and fastening a ligature.</def>

<h1>Ligature</h1>
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<hw>Lig"a*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ligatura</ets>, fr. <ets>ligare</ets>, <ets>ligatum</ets>, to bind: cf. f. <ets>ligature</ets>. Cf. <er>Ally</er>, <er>League</er>, <er>Legatura</er>, <er>Liable</er>, <er>Legament</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of binding.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything that binds; a band or bandage.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A thread or string for tying the blood vessels, particularly the arteries, to prevent hemorrhage.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A thread or wire used to remove tumors, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The state of being bound or stiffened; stiffness; <as>as, the <ex>ligature</ex> of a joint</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Impotence caused by magic or charms.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A curve or line connecting notes; a slur.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A double character, or a type consisting of two or more letters or characters united, as <it>\'91</it>, <it>&filig;</it>, <it>&ffllig;</it>.</def>

<h1>Ligature</h1>
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<hw>Lig"a*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>To ligate; to tie.</def>

<h1>Lige</h1>
<Xpage=851>

<hw>Lig"e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To lie; to tell lies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ligeance</h1>
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<hw>Li"geance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ligeance</ets>, <ets>ligance</ets>. See <er>Liege</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The connection between sovereign and subject by which they were mutually bound, the former to protection and the securing of justice, the latter to faithful service; allegiance.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ligeancy</asp> and <asp>liegance</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ligement</h1>
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<hw>Lige"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ledgment</er></def>

<h1>Ligge</h1>
<Xpage=851>

<hw>Lig"ge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lie or recline.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ligger</h1>
<Xpage=851>

<hw>Lig"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A baited line attached to a float, for night fishing. See <er>Leger</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Ledger</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Light</h1>
<Xpage=851>

<hw>Light</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.<ets>light</ets>, <ets>liht</ets>, AS. <ets>le\'a2t</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>lioht</ets>, D. & G. <ets>licht</ets>, OHG. <ets>lioht</ets>, Goth. <ets>liuhap</ets>, Icel. <ets>lj<?/s</ets>, L. <ets>lux</ets> light, <ets>lucere</ets> to shine, Gr. <?/ white, Skr. <ets>ruc</ets> to shine. <?/. Cf. <er>Lucid</er>, <er>Lunar</er>, <er>Luminous</er>, <er>Lynx</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That agent, force, or action in nature by the operation of which upon the organs of sight, objects are rendered visible or luminous.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Light</i> was regarded formerly as consisting of material particles, or corpuscules, sent off in all directions from luminous bodies, and traversing space, in right lines, with the known velocity of about 186,300 miles per second; but it is now generally understood to consist, not in any actual transmission of particles or substance, but in the propagation of vibrations or undulations in a subtile, elastic medium, or ether, assumed to pervade all space, and to be thus set in vibratory motion by the action of luminous bodies, as the atmosphere is by sonorous bodies. This view of the nature of light is known as the <i>undulatory or wave theory</i>; the other, advocated by Newton (but long since abandoned), as the <i>corpuscular</i>, <i>emission</i>, or <i>Newtonian theory</i>. A more recent theory makes light to consist in electrical oscillations, and is known as the <i>electro-magnetic theory</i> of light.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which furnishes, or is a source of, light, as the sun, a star, a candle, a lighthouse, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Then he called for a <b>light</b>, and sprang in.
<i>Acts xvi. 29.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And God made two great <b>lights</b>; the greater <b>light</b> to rule the day, and the lesser <b>light</b> to rule the night.
<i>Gen. i. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The time during which the light of the sun is visible; day; especially, the dawn of day.</def>

<blockquote>The murderer, rising with the <b>light</b>, killeth the poor and needy.
<i>Job xxiv. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The brightness of the eye or eyes.</def>

<blockquote>He seemed to find his way without his eyes;
For out o'door he went without their helps,
And, to the last, bended their <b>light</b> on me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The medium through which light is admitted, as a window, or window pane; a skylight; in architecture, one of the compartments of a window made by a mullion or mullions.</def>

<blockquote>There were windows in three rows, and <b>light</b> was against <b>light</b> in three ranks.
<i>I Kings vii.4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Life; existence.</def>

<blockquote>O, spring to <b>light</b>, auspicious Babe, be born !
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Open view; a visible state or condition; public observation; publicity.</def>

<blockquote>The duke yet would have dark deeds darkly answered; he would never bring them to <b>light</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The power of perception by vision.</def>

<blockquote>My strength faileth me; as for the <b>light</b> of my eyes, it also is gone from me.
<i>Ps. xxxviii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>That which illumines or makes clear to the mind; mental or spiritual illumination; enlightenment; knowledge; information.</def>

<blockquote>He shall never know
That I had any <b>light</b> of this from thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Prosperity; happiness; joy; felicity.</def>

<blockquote>Then shall thy <b>light</b> break forth as the morning, and thy health shall spring forth speedily.
<i>Is. lviii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>The manner in which the light strikes upon a picture; that part of a picture which represents those objects upon which the light is supposed to fall; the more illuminated part of a landscape or other scene; -- opposed to <i>shade</i>. Cf. <er>Chiaroscuro</er>.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>Appearance due to the particular facts and circumstances presented to view; point of view; <as>as, to state things fairly and put them in the right <ex>light</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Frequent consideration of a thing . . . shows it in its several <b>lights</b> and various ways of appearance.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>One who is conspicuous or noteworthy; a model or example; <as>as, the <ex>lights</ex> of the age or of antiquity</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Joan of Are,
A <b>light</b> of ancient France.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>14.</b> <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <def>A firework made by filling a case with a substance which burns brilliantly with a white or colored flame; <as>as, a Bengal <ex>light</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Light</i> is used figuratively to denote that which resembles physical light in any respect, as illuminating, benefiting, enlightening, or enlivening mankind.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Ancient lights</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <col>Calcium light</col>, <col>Flash light</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Ancient</er>, <er>Calcium</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Light ball</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a ball of combustible materials, used to afford light; -- sometimes made so as to fired from a cannon or mortar, or to be carried up by a rocket.</cd> -- <col>Light barrel</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>an empty power barrel pierced with holes and filled with shavings soaked in pitch, used to light up a ditch or a breach.</cd> --
<col>Light dues</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>tolls levied on ships navigating certain waters, for the maintenance of lighthouses.</cd> -- <col>Light iron</col>, <cd>a candlestick.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Light keeper</col>, <cd>a person appointed to take care of a lighthouse or light-ship.</cd> -- <col>Light money</col>, <cd>charges laid by government on shipping entering a port, for the maintenance of lighthouses and light-ships.</cd> -- <col>The light of the countenance</col>, <cd>favor; kindness; smiles.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Lord, lift thou up <b>the light of thy countenance</b> upon us.
<i>Ps. iv. 6.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Northern lights</col>. <cd>See <cref>Aurora borealis</cref>, under <er>Aurora</er>.</cd> -- <col>To bring to light</col>, <cd>to cause to be disclosed.</cd> -- <col>To come to light</col>, <cd>to be disclosed.</cd> -- <col>To see the light</col>, <cd>to come into the light; hence, to come into the world or public notice; <as>as, his book never <ex>saw the light</ex></as>.</cd><-- also, see the light of day; (b) to come to understand (sometimes used ironically, said of a person who professes to change his opinion after he has been convinced that it will be in his own interest if the facts are different from his initial beliefs) -->  -- <col>To stand in one's own light</col>, <cd>to take a position which is injurious to one's own interest.</cd></cs>

<h1>Light</h1>
<Xpage=851>

<hw>Light</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>le\'a2ht</ets>. See <er>Light</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar</tt>. <er>Lighter</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>superl</tt>. <er>Lightest</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having light; not dark or obscure; bright; clear; <as>as, the apartment is <ex>light</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>White or whitish; not intense or very marked; not of a deep shade; moderately colored; <as>as, a <ex>light</ex> color; a <ex>light</ex> brown; a <ex>light</ex> complexion.</as></def>

<h1>Light</h1>
<Xpage=851>

<hw>Light</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lighted</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Lit</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lighting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>l<?/htan</ets>, <ets>l\'c6htan</ets>, to shine. <?/. See <er>Light</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set fire to; to cause to burn; to set burning; to ignite; to kindle; <as>as, to <ex>light</ex> a candle or lamp; to <ex>light</ex> the gas</as>; -- sometimes with <ptcl>up</ptcl>.</def>

<blockquote>If a thousand candles be all <b>lighted</b> from one.
<i>Hakewill.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And the largest lamp is <b>lit</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Absence might cure it, or a second mistress
<b>Light</b> up another flame, and put out this.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give light to; to illuminate; to fill with light; to spread over with light; -- often with <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Ah, hopeless, lasting flames I like those that burn
To <b>light</b> the dead.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>One hundred years ago, to have <b>lit</b> this theater as brilliantly as it is now <b>lighted</b> would have cost, I suppose, fifty pounds.
<i>F. Harrison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The sun has set, and Vesper, to supply
His absent beams, has <b>lighted</b> up the sky.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To attend or conduct with a light; to show the way to by means of a light.</def>

<blockquote>His bishops lead him forth, and <b>light</b> him on.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To light a fire</col>, <cd>to kindle the material of a fire.</cd></cs>

<h1>Light</h1>
<Xpage=851>

<hw>Light</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become ignited; to take fire; <as>as, the match will not <ex>light</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be illuminated; to receive light; to brighten; -- with <i>up</i>; <as>as, the room <ex>light</ex> up very well</as>.</def>

<h1>Light</h1>
<Xpage=851>

<hw>Light</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Lighted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Lightest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>light</ets>, <ets>liht</ets>, AS. <ets>l\'c6ht</ets>, <ets>le\'a2ht</ets>; akin to D. <ets>ligt</ets>, G. <ets>leicht</ets>, OHG.<ets>l\'c6hti</ets>, Icel. <ets>l<?/ttr</ets>, Dan. <ets>let</ets>, Sw. <ets>l\'84tt</ets>, Goth. <ets>leihts</ets>, and perh. to L. <ets>levis</ets> (cf. <er>Levity</er>), Gr. <?/ small, Skr. <ets>laghu</ets> light. <?/. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having little, or comparatively little, weight; not tending to be the center of gravity with force; not heavy.</def>

<blockquote>These weights did not exert their natural gravity . . . insomuch that I could not guess which was <b>light</b> or heavy whilst I held them in my hand.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not burdensome; easy to be lifted, borne, or carried by physical strength; <as>as, a <ex>light</ex> burden, or load</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Ye shall find rest unto your souls. For my yoke is easy, and my burden is <b>light</b>.
<i>Matt. xi. 29. 30.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Easy to be endured or performed; not severe; not difficult; <as>as, a <ex>light</ex> affliction or task</as>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote><b>Light</b> sufferings give us leisure to complain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Easy to be digested; not oppressive to the stomach; <as>as, <ex>light</ex> food</as>; also, containing little nutriment.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Not heavily armed; armed with light weapons; <as>as, <ex>light</ex> troops; a troop of <ex>light</ex> horse.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Not encumbered; unembarrassed; clear of impediments; hence, active; nimble; swift.</def>

<blockquote>Unmarried men are best friends, best masters . . . but not always best subjects, for they are <b>light</b> to run away.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Not heavily burdened; not deeply laden; not sufficiently ballasted; <as>as, the ship returned <ex>light</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Slight; not important; <as>as, a <ex>light</ex> error</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Well leavened; not heavy; <as>as, <ex>light</ex> bread</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Not copious or heavy; not dense; not inconsiderable; <as>as, a <ex>light</ex> rain; a <ex>light</ex> snow; <ex>light</ex> vapors.</as></def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Not strong or violent; moderate; <as>as, a <ex>light</ex> wind</as>.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>Not pressing heavily or hard upon; hence, having an easy graceful manner; delicate; <as>as, a <ex>light</ex> touch; a <ex>light</ex> style of execution.</as></def>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>Easy to admit influence; inconsiderate; easily influenced by trifling considerations; unsteady; unsettled; volatile; <as>as, a <ex>light</ex>, vain person; a <ex>light</ex> mind.</as></def>

<blockquote>There is no greater argument of a <b>light</b> and inconsiderate person than profanely to scoff at religion.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>14.</b> <def>Indulging in, or inclined to, levity; wanting dignity or solemnity; trifling; gay; frivolous; airy; unsubstantial.</def>

<blockquote>Seneca can not be too heavy, nor Plautus too <b>light</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Specimens of New England humor laboriously <b>light</b> and lamentably mirthful.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>15.</b> <def>Not quite sound or normal; somewhat impaired or deranged; dizzy; giddy.</def>

<blockquote>Are his wits safe? Is he not <b>light</b> of brain ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>16.</b> <def>Easily bestowed; inconsiderately rendered.</def>

<blockquote>To a fair semblance doth <b>light</b> annex.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>17.</b> <def>Wanton; unchaste; <as>as, a woman of <ex>light character</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>light</b> wife doth make a heavy husband.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>18.</b> <def>Not of the legal, standard, or usual weight; clipped; diminished; <as>as, <ex>light</ex> coin</as>.</def>

<p><b>19.</b> <def>Loose; sandy; easily pulverized; <as>as, a <ex>light</ex> soil</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Light cavalry</col>, <col>Light horse</col></mcol> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>light-armed soldiers mounted on strong and active horses.</cd> -- <col>Light eater</col>, <cd>one who eats but little.</cd> -- <col>Light infantry</col>, <cd>infantry soldiers selected and trained for rapid evolutions.</cd> -- <col>Light of foot</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Having a light step.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Fleet.</cd> -- <col>Light of heart</col>, <cd>gay, cheerful.</cd> -- <col>Light oil</col> <fld>(Chem.<cd>)</fld>, the oily product, lighter than water, forming the chief part of the first distillate of coal tar, and consisting largely of benzene and toluene.</cd> -- <col>Light sails</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>all the sails above the topsails, with, also, the studding sails and flying jib. <i>Dana</i>.</cd> -- <col>Light sleeper</col>, <cd>one easily wakened.</cd> -- <col>Light weight</col>, <cd>a prize fighter, boxer, wrestler, or jockey, who is below a standard medium weight. Cf. <cref>Feather weight</cref>, under <er>Feather</er>.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>To make light of</col>, <cd>to treat as of little consequence; to slight; to disregard.</cd> -- <col>To set light by</col>, <cd>to undervalue; to slight; to treat as of no importance; to despise.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="852">
Page 852<p>

<h1>Light</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Lightly; cheaply.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Light</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Light</er> not heavy, and cf. <er>Light</er> to alight, and <er>Lighten</er> to make less heavy.]</ety> <def>To lighten; to ease of a burden; to take off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>From his head the heavy burgonet did <b>light</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Light</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lighted</er> <tt>(?)</tt> &or; <er>Lit</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lighting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>l\'c6htan</ets> to alight orig., to relieve (a horse) of the rider's burden, to make less heavy, fr. <ets>l\'c6ht</ets> light. See <er>Light</er> not heavy, and cf. <er>Alight</er>, <er>Lighten</er> to make light.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dismount; to descend, as from a horse or carriage; to alight; -- with <ptcl>from</ptcl>, <ptcl>off</ptcl>, <ptcl>on</ptcl>, <ptcl>upon</ptcl>, <ptcl>at</ptcl>, <ptcl>in</ptcl>.</def>

<blockquote>When she saw Isaac, she <b>lighted</b> off the camel.
<i>Gen. xxiv. 64.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Slowly rode across a withered heath,
And <b>lighted</b> at a ruined inn.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To feel light; to be made happy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It made all their hearts to <b>light</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To descend from flight, and rest, perch, or settle, as a bird or insect.</def>

<blockquote>[The bee] <b>lights</b> on that, and this, and tasteth all.
<i>Sir. J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>On the tree tops a crested peacock <b>lit</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To come down suddenly and forcibly; to fall; -- with <ptcl>on</ptcl> or <ptcl>upon</ptcl>.</def>

<blockquote>On me, me only, as the source and spring
Of all corruption, all the blame <b>light</b> due.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To come by chance; to happen; -- with <ptcl>on</ptcl> or <ptcl>upon</ptcl>; formerly with <ptcl>into</ptcl>.</def>

<blockquote>The several degrees of vision, which the assistance of glasses (casually at first <b>lit</b> on) has taught us to conceive.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They shall <b>light</b> into atheistical company.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And here we <b>lit</b> on Aunt Elizabeth,
And Lilia with the rest.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lightable</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be lighted.</def>

<h1>Light-armed</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"-armed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Armed with light weapons or accouterments.</def>

<h1>Light-boat</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"-boat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Light-ship.</def>

<h1>Lighte</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs. imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Light</er>, to alight.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lighten</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Light</er> to alight.]</ety> <def>To descend; to light.</def>

<blockquote>O Lord, let thy mercy <b>lighten</b> upon us.
<i>Book of Common Prayer [Eng. Ed.]</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lighten</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lightened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lightening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>lightenen</ets>. See <er>Light</er> to kindle, illuminate.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To burst forth or dart, as lightning; to shine with, or like, lightning; to display a flash or flashes of lightning; to flash.</def>

<blockquote>This dreadful night,
That thunders, <b>lightens</b>, opens graves, and roars
As doth the lion.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grow lighter; to become less dark or lowering; to brighten; to clear, as the sky.</def>

<h1>Lighten</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"en</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Light</er> to illuminate.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make light or clear; to light; to illuminate; <as>as, to <ex>lighten</ex> an apartment with lamps or gas; to <ex>lighten</ex> the streets.</as></def> <mark>[In this sense less common than <i>light.</i>]</mark>

<blockquote>A key of fire ran all along the shore,
And <b>lightened</b> all the river with a blaze.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To illuminate with knowledge; to enlighten.</def> <mark>[In this sense less common than <i>enlighten</i>.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Lighten</b> my spirit with one clear heavenly ray.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To emit or disclose in, or as in, lightning; to flash out, like lightning.</def>

<blockquote>His eye . . . <b>lightens</b> forth
Controlling majesty.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To free from trouble and fill with joy.</def>

<blockquote>They looked unto him, were <b>lightened</b>.
<i>Ps. xxxiv. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lighten</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"en</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Light</er> not heavy.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make lighter, or less heavy; to reduce in weight; to relieve of part of a load or burden; <as>as, to <ex>lighten</ex> a ship by unloading; to <ex>lighten</ex> a load or burden.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make less burdensome or afflictive; to alleviate; <as>as, to <ex>lighten</ex> the cares of life or the burden of grief</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cheer; to exhilarate.</def>

<blockquote><b>Lighens</b> my humor with his merry jests.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lighter</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, lights; <as>as, a <ex>lighter</ex> of lamps</as>.</def>

<h1>Lighter</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>ligter</ets>, fr. <ets>ligt</ets> light. See <er>Light</er> not heavy.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A large boat or barge, mainly, used in unloading or loading vessels which can not reach the wharves at the place of shipment or delivery.</def>

<cs><col>Lighter screw</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a screw for adjusting the distance between the stones in a grinding mill by raising or lowering the bridgetree.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lighter</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To convey by a lighter, as to or from the shore; <as>as, to <ex>lighter</ex> the cargo of a ship</as>.</def>

<h1>Lighterage</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"er*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The price paid for conveyance of goods on a lighter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of unloading into a lighter, or of conveying by a lighter.</def>

<h1>Lighterman</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"er*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lightermen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A person employed on, or who manages, a lighter.</def>

<h1>Light-fingered</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"-fin`gered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dexterous in taking and conveying away; thievish; pilfering; addicted to petty thefts.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Light-foot, Light-footed</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw><hw>Light"-foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Light"-foot`ed</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a light, springy step; nimble in running or dancing; active; <as>as, <ex>light-foot</ex> Iris</as>.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Lightful</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of light; bright.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Lightful</i> presence."

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Light-handed</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"-hand`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Not having a full complement of men; <as>as, a vessel <ex>light-handed</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Light-headed</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Disordered in the head; dilirious.</def>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Thoughtless; heedless; volatile; unsteady; fickle; loose.</def> "<i>Light-headed</i>, weak men."

<i>Clarendon.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Light"-head`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Light-hearted</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"-heart"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from grief or anxiety; gay; cheerful; merry.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Light"-heart`ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Light"-heart"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Light-heeled</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"-heeled`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lively in walking or running; brisk; light-footed.</def>

<h1>Light-horseman</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"-horse`man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-men</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A soldier who serves in the light horse. See under 5th <er>Light</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A West Indian fish of the genus <spn>Ephippus</spn>, remarkable for its high dorsal fin and brilliant colors.</def>

<h1>Lighthouse</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.<plw>Lighthouses</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A tower or other building with a powerful light at top, erected at the entrance of a port, or at some important point on a coast, to serve as a guide to mariners at night; a pharos.</def>

<h1>Lighting</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A name sometimes applied to the process of annealing metals.</def>

<h1>Light-legged</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"-legged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Nimble; swift of foot.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Lightless</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Destitute of light; dark.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Lightly</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With little weight; with little force; <as>as, to tread <ex>lightly</ex>; to press <ex>lightly</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Yet shall thy grave with rising flowers be drest,
And the green turf lie <b>lightly</b> on thy breast.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Him thus intent Ithuriel with his spear
Touched <b>lightly</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Swiftly; nimbly; with agility.</def>

<blockquote>So mikle was that barge, it might not <b>lightly</b> sail.
<i>R. of Brunne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Watch what thou seest and <b>lightly</b> bring me word.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Without deep impression.</def>

<blockquote>The soft ideas of the cheerful note,
<b>Lightly</b> received, were easily forgot.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In a small degree; slightly; not severely.</def>

<blockquote>At the first he <b>lightly</b> afflicted the land of Zebulun . . . and afterward did more grievously afflict her.
<i>Is. ix. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>With little effort or difficulty; easily; readily.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>lightly</b> come, shall <b>lightly</b> go.
<i>Old Proverb.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They come <b>lightly</b> by the malt, and need not spare it.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Without reason, or for reasons of little weight.</def>

<blockquote>Flatter not the rich, neither do thou willingly or <b>lightly</b> appear before great personages.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Commonly; usually.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Fisher.</i>

<blockquote>The great thieves of a state are <b>lightly</b> the officers of the crown.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Without dejection; cheerfully.</def> "Seeming to bear it <i>lightly</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Without heed or care; with levity; gayly; airily.</def>

<blockquote>Matrimony . . . is not by any to be enterprised, nor taken in hand, unadvisedly, <b>lightly</b>, or wantonly.
<i>Book of Common Prayer [Eng. Ed.].</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Not chastely; wantonly.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Lightman</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> ; <plu>pl. <plw>-men</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu> <def>A man who carries or takes care of a light.</def>

<i>T. Brown.</i>

<h1>Light-minded</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"-mind`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unsettled; unsteady; volatile; not considerate.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Light"-mind`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lightness</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Light</er> not heavy.]</ety> <def>The state, condition, or quality, of being light or not heavy; buoyancy; levity; fickleness; delicacy; grace.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Levity; volatility; instability; inconstancy; unsteadiness; giddiness; flightiness; airiness; gayety; liveliness; agility; nimbleness; sprightliness; briskness; swiftness; ease; facility.</syn>

<h1>Lightness</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Light</er> bright.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Illumination, or degree of illumination; <as>as, the <ex>lightness</ex> of a room</as>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Absence of depth or of duskiness in color; <as>as, the <ex>lightness</ex> of a tint; <ex>lightness</ex> of complexion.</as></def>

<h1>Lightning</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"ning</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>lightening</ets>, fr. <ets>lighten</ets> to flash.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A discharge of atmospheric electricity, accompanied by a vivid flash of light, commonly from one cloud to another, sometimes from a cloud to the earth. The sound produced by the electricity in passing rapidly through the atmosphere constitutes thunder.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of making bright, or the state of being made bright; enlightenment; brightening, as of the mental powers.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<cs><col>Ball lightning</col>, <cd>a rare form of lightning sometimes seen as a globe of fire moving from the clouds to the earth.</cd> -- <col>Chain lightning</col>, <cd>lightning in angular, zigzag, or forked flashes.</cd> -- <col>Heat lightning</col>, <cd>more or less vivid and extensive flashes of electric light, without thunder, seen near the horizon, esp. at the close of a hot day.</cd> -- <col>Lightning arrester</col> <fld>(Telegraphy)</fld>, <cd>a device, at the place where a wire enters a building, for preventing injury by lightning to an operator or instrument. It consists of a short circuit to the ground interrupted by a thin nonconductor over which lightning jumps. Called also <altname>lightning discharger</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Lightning bug</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a luminous beetle. See <er>Firefly</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lightning conductor</col>, <cd>a lightning rod.</cd> -- <col>Lightning glance</col>, <cd>a quick, penetrating glance of a brilliant eye.</cd> -- <col>Lightning rod</col>, <cd>a metallic rod set up on a building, or on the mast of a vessel, and connected with the earth or water below, for the purpose of protecting the building or vessel from lightning.</cd> -- <col>Sheet lightning</col>, <cd>a diffused glow of electric light flashing out from the clouds, and illumining their outlines. The appearance is sometimes due to the reflection of light from distant flashes of lightning by the nearer clouds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lightning</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"ning</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>vb. n.</tt> <def>Lightening.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Light-o'-love</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"-o'-love`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An old tune of a dance, the name of which made it a proverbial expression of levity, especially in love matters.</def> <i>Nares</i>. "Best sing it to the tune of <i>light-o'-love</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A light or wanton woman.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Lightroom</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"room`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small room from which the magazine of a naval vessel is lighted, being separated from the magazine by heavy glass windows.</def>

<h1>lights</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>lights</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[So called from their <ets>lightness</ets>.]</ety> <def>The lungs of an animal or bird; -- sometimes coarsely applied to the lungs of a human being.</def>

<h1>Light-ship</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"-ship`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel carrying at the masthead a brilliant light, and moored off a shoal or place of dangerous navigation as a guide for mariners.</def>

<h1>Lightsome</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having light; lighted; not dark or gloomy; bright.</def>

<blockquote>White walls make rooms more <b>lightsome</b> than black.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gay; airy; cheering; exhilarating.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>lightsome</b> affection of joy.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Light"some*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Light"some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Happiness may walk soberly in dark attire, as well as dance <b>lightsomely</b> in a gala dress.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Light-winged</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"-winged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having light and active wings; volatile; fleeting.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Lightwood</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pine wood abounding in pitch, used for torches in the Southern United States; pine knots, dry sticks, and the like, for kindling a fire quickly or making a blaze.</def>

<h1>Lighty</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Light"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Illuminated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Lign-aloes</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Lign`-al"oes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ligne aloes</ets>, fr. L. <ets>lignum</ets> wood + <ets>aloe</ets> aloe.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Aloes wood, or agallochum. See     <er>Agallochum</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fragrant tree mentioned in the Bible.</def>

<i>Num. xxiv. 6.</i>

<h1>Ligneous</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Lig"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ligneus</ets>, fr. <ets>lignum</ets> wood. Cf. <er>Lignous</er>.]</ety> <def>Made of wood; consisting of wood; of the nature of, or resembling, wood; woody.</def>

<blockquote>It should be tried with shoots of vines and roots of red roses; for it may be they, being of a more<b>ligneous</b> nature, will incorporate with the tree itself.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ligneous marble</col>, <cd>wood coated or prepared so as to resemble marble.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ligniferous</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Lig*nif`er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lignifer</ets>; <ets>lignum</ets> wood + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F.  <ets>lignif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Yielding or producing wood.</def>

<h1>Lignification</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Lig`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lignification</ets>. See <er>Lignify</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A change in the character of a cell wall, by which it becomes harder. It is supposed to be due to an incrustation of lignin.</def>

<h1>Ligniform</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Lig"ni*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lignum</ets> wood + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ligniforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like wood.</def>

<h1>Lignify</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Lig"ni*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lignified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lignifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>lignum</ets> wood + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lignifier</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>To convert into wood or into a ligneous substance.</def>

<h1>Lignify</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Lig"ni*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>To become wood.</def>

<h1>Lignin</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Lig"nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lignum</ets> wood: cf. F. <ets>lignine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A substance characterizing wood cells and differing from cellulose in its conduct with certain chemical reagents.</def>

<note>&hand; Recent authors have distinguished four forms of this substance, naming them <i>lignose</i>, <i>lignin</i>, <i>lignone</i>, and <i>lignireose</i>.</note>

<h1>Ligniperdous</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Lig`ni*per"dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lignum</ets> wood + <ets>perdere</ets> to destroy: cf. F.  <ets>ligniperde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Wood-destroying; -- said of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Lignireose</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Lig*nir"e*ose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lignin</er>.</def>

<h1>Lignite</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Lig"nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lignum</ets> wood: cf. F. <ets>lignite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Mineral coal retaining the texture of the wood from which it was formed, and burning with an empyreumatic odor. It is of more recent origin than the anthracite and bituminous coal of the proper coal series. Called also <altname>brown coal</altname>, <altname>wood coal</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lignitic</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Lig*nit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing lignite; resembling, or of the nature of, lignite; <as>as, <ex>lignitic</ex> clay</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Lignitic group</col>. <cd>See <er>Laramie group</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lignitiferous</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Lig`ni*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lignite</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing or containing lignite; lignitic.</def>

<h1>Lignoceric</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Lig`no*cer"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lignum</ets> wood + <ets>cera</ets> wax.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the formic acid series, found in the tar, wax, or paraffine obtained by distilling certain kinds of wood, as the beech.</def>

<h1>Lignone</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Lig"none`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lignin</er>.</def>

<h1>Lignose, Lignous</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw><hw>Lig*nose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lig"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lignosus</ets>, fr. <ets>lignum</ets> wood: cf. F. <ets>ligneux</ets>. Cf. <er>Ligneous</er>.]</ety> <def>Ligneous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Lignose</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Lig"nose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lignin</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An explosive compound of wood fiber and nitroglycerin. See <er>Nitroglycerin</er>.</def>

<h1>Lignum rhodium</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Lig"num rho"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>lignum</ets> wood + Gr. <?/ a rose.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fragrant wood of several shrubs and trees, especially of species of <spn>Rhodorhiza</spn> from the Canary Islands, and of the West Indian <spn>Amyris balsamifera</spn>.</def>

<h1>Lignum-vitae</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Lig"num-vi"tae</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., wood of life; <ets>lignum</ets> wood + <ets>vita</ets>, genitive <ets>vit\'91</ets>, life.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree (<spn>Guaiacum officinale</spn>) found in the warm latitudes of America, from which the <i>guaiacum</i> of medicine is procured. Its wood is very hard and heavy, and is used for various mechanical purposes, as for the wheels of ships' blocks, cogs, bearings, and the like. See <er>Guaiacum</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; In New Zealand the <spn>Metrosideros buxifolia</spn> is called lignum-vit\'91, and in Australia a species of <spn>Acacia</spn>. The bastard lignum-vit\'91 is a West Indian tree (<spn>Sarcomphalus laurinus</spn>).</note>

<h1>Ligroin</h1>
<Xpage=852>

<hw>Lig"ro*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A trade name applied somewhat indefinitely to some of the volatile products obtained in refining crude petroleum. It is a complex and variable mixture of several hydrocarbons, generally boils below 170&deg; Fahr., and is more inflammable than safe kerosene. It is used as a solvent, as a carburetant for air gas, and for illumination in special lamps.</def>

<hr>
<page="853">
Page 853<p>

<h1>Ligsam</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Lig"sam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>liggen</ets> to lie, E. <ets>lie</ets> to be prostrate, and E. <ets>flotsam</ets>, <ets>jetsam</ets>, or <ets>ligan</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Ligan</er>.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Ligula</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Lig"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Ligul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Ligulas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a little tongue. See <er>Ligule</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ligule</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The central process, or front edge, of the labium of insects. It sometimes serves as a tongue or proboscis, as in bees. [See <i>Illust</i>.  under <er>Labium</er>, and <er>Hymenoptera</er>.]</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tongue-shaped lobe of the parapodia of annelids. See <er>Parapodium</er>.</def>

<h1>Ligulate, Ligulated</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw><hw>Lig"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lig"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ligul\'82</ets>. See <er>Ligule</er>, and cf. <er>Lingulate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Like a bandage, or strap; strap-shaped.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Composed of ligules.</def>

<cs><col>Ligulate flower</col>, <cd>a species of compound flower, the florets of which have their corollets flat, spreading out toward the end, with the base only tubular.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ligule</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Lig"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>ligula</ets>, little tongue, dim of <ets>lingua</ets> tongue : cf. F. <ets>ligule</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The thin and scarious projection from the upper end of the sheath of leaf of grass.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A strap-shaped corolla of flowers of Composit\'91.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A band of white matter in the wall of fourth ventricle of the brain.</def>

<h1>Liguliflorous</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Lig`u*li*flo"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ligule</ets> + L. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, a flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing only ligulate flowers; -- said of a large suborder of composite plants, such as the dandelion, hawkweed, etc.</def>

<h1>Ligure</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Lig"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ligurius</ets>, Gr. <?/ , <?/, <?/, <?/, equiv. to Heb. <ets>leshem</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of precious stone.</def>

<blockquote>The third row a <b>ligure</b>, an agate, and an amethyst.
<i>Ex. xxviii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ligustrin</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Li*gus"trin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter principle found in the bark of the privet <fld>(Ligustrum vulgare)</fld>, and extracted as a white crystalline substance with a warm, bitter taste; -- called also <altname>ligustron</altname>.</def>

<h1>Likable</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Lik"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be liked; such as to attract liking; <as>as, a <ex>likable</ex> person</as>.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Like</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Like</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Liker</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Likest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>lik</ets>, <ets>ilik</ets>, <ets>gelic</ets>, AS. <ets>gel\'c6c</ets>, fr. pref. <ets>ge-</ets> + <ets>l\'c6c</ets> body, and orig. meaning, having the same body, shape, or appearance, and hence, like; akin to OS. <ets>gil\'c6k</ets>, D. <ets>gelijk</ets>, G. <ets>gleich</ets>, OHG. <ets>gil\'c6h</ets>, Icel. <ets>l\'c6kr</ets>, <ets>gl\'c6kr</ets>, Dan. <ets>lig</ets>, Sw. <ets>lik</ets>, Goth. <ets>galeiks</ets>, OS. <ets>lik</ets> body, D. <ets>lijk</ets>, G. <ets>leiche</ets>, Icel. <ets>l\'c6k</ets>, Sw. <ets>lik</ets>, Goth. <ets>leik</ets>. The English adverbial ending<ets>-ly</ets> is from the same adjective. Cf. <er>Each</er>, <er>Such</er>, <er>Which</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the same, or nearly the same, appearance, qualities, or characteristics; resembling; similar to; similar; alike; -- often with <i>in</i> and the particulars of the resemblance; <as>as, they are <ex>like</ex> each other in features, complexion, and many traits of character</as>.</def>

<blockquote>'The as <b>like</b> you
As cherry is to cherry.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Like</b> master, <b>like</b> man.
<i>Old Prov.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He giveth snow <b>like</b> wool; he scattereth the hoar-frost <b>like</b> ashes.
<i>Ps. cxlvii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>To</i>, which formerly often followed <i>like</i>, is now usually omitted.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Equal, or nearly equal; <as>as, fields of <ex>like</ex> extent</as>.</def>

<blockquote>More clergymen were impoverished by the late war than ever in the <b>like</b> space before.
<i>Sprat.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having probability; affording probability; probable; likely. [<i>Likely</i> is more used now.]</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>But it is <b>like</b> the jolly world about us will scoff at the paradox of these practices.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Many were not easy to be governed, nor like to conform themselves to strict rules.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Inclined toward; disposed to; <as>as, to feel <ex>like</ex> taking a walk</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Had like</col> (followed by the infinitive), <cd>had nearly; came little short of.</cd></cs>

<blockquote><b>Had like</b> to have been my utter overthrow.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ramona <b>had like</b> to have said the literal truth, . . . but recollected herself in time.
<i>Mrs. H. H. Jackson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Like figures</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>similar figures.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; <i>Like</i> is used as a suffix, converting nouns into adjectives expressing resemblance to the noun; as, man<i>like</i>, like a man; child<i>like</i>, like a child; god<i>like</i>, like a god, etc. Such compounds are readily formed whenever convenient, and several, as <i>crescentlike</i>, <i>serpentlike</i>, <i>hairlike</i>, etc., are used in this book, although, in some cases, not entered in the vocabulary. Such combinations as <i>bell-like</i>, <i>ball-like</i>, etc., are hyphened.</note>

<h1>Like</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Like</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is equal or similar to another; the counterpart; an exact resemblance; a copy.</def>

<blockquote>He was a man, take him for all in all,
I shall not look upon his <b>like</b> again.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A liking; a preference; inclination; -- usually in <pluf>pl.</pluf>; <as>as, we all have <ex>likes</ex> and dislikes</as>.</def>

<h1>Like</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Like</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gel\'c6ce</ets>. See <er>Like</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a manner like that of; in a manner similar to; <as>as, do not act <ex>like</ex> him</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He maketh them to stagger <b>like</b> a drunken man.
<i>Job xii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Like</i>, as here used, is regarded by some grammarians as a preposition.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a like or similar manner</def>.

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote><b>Like</b> as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear him.
<i>Ps. ciii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Likely; probably.</def> "<i>Like</i> enough it will."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Like</h1>
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<hw>Like</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Liked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Liking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>liken</ets> to please, AS. <ets>l\'c6cian</ets>, <ets>gel\'c6cian</ets>, fr.<ets>gel\'c6c</ets>. See <er>Like</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To suit; to please; to be agreeable to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Cornwall him <b>liked</b> best, therefore he chose there.
<i>R. of Gloucester.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I willingly confess that it <b>likes</b> me much better when I find virtue in a fair lodging than when I am bound to seek it in an ill-favored creature.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be pleased with in a moderate degree; to approve; to take satisfaction in; to enjoy.</def>

<blockquote>He proceeded from looking to <b>liking</b>, and from <b>liking</b> to loving.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To liken; to compare.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Like</b> me to the peasant boys of France.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Like</h1>
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<hw>Like</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be pleased; to choose.</def>

<blockquote>He may either go or stay, as he best <b>likes</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have an appearance or expression; to look; to seem to be (in a specified condition).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>You <b>like</b> well, and bear your years very well.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To come near; to avoid with difficulty; to escape narrowly; <as>as, he <ex>liked</ex> to have been too late</as>. Cf. <i>Had like</i>, under <er>Like</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>He probably got his death, as he <b>liked</b> to have done two years ago, by viewing the troops for the expedition from the wall of Kensington Garden.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To like of</col>, <cd>to be pleased with. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Likehood</h1>
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<hw>Like"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Likelihood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Likelihood</h1>
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<hw>Like"li*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Likely</ets> + <ets>-hood</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Appearance; show; sign; expression.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What of his heart perceive you in his face
By any <b>likelihood</b> he showed to-day ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Likeness; resemblance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There is no <b>likelihood</b> between pure light and black darkness, or between righteousness and reprobation.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Appearance of truth or reality; probability; verisimilitude.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Likeliness</h1>
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<hw>Like"li*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Likelihood; probability.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suitableness; agreeableness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Likely</h1>
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<hw>Like"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Likelier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Likeliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[That is, <ets>like-like</ets>. See <er>Like</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Worthy of belief; probable; credible; <as>as, a <ex>likely</ex> story</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It seems <b>likely</b> that he was in hope of being busy and conspicuous.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having probability; having or giving reason to expect; -- followed by the infinitive; <as>as, it is <ex>likely</ex> to rain</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Similar; like; alike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Such as suits; good-looking; pleasing; agreeable; handsome.</def>

<i>Shak. Milton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Having such qualities as make success probable; well adapted to the place; promising; <as>as, a <ex>likely</ex> young man; a <ex>likely</ex> servant.</as></def>

<h1>Likely</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Like"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In all probability; probably.</def>

<blockquote>While man was innocent he was <b>likely</b> ignorant of nothing that imported him to know.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Like-minded</h1>
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<hw>Like"-mind`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a like disposition or purpose; of the same mind.</def>

<i>Tillotson.</i>

<h1>Liken</h1>
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<hw>Lik"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Likened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Likening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>liknen</ets>. See <er>Like</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To allege, or think, to be like; to represent as like; to compare; <as>as, to <ex>liken</ex> life to a pilgrimage</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whosoever heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them, I will <b>liken</b> him unto a wise man which built his house upon a rock.
<i>Matt. vii. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make or cause to be like.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Brougham.</i>

<h1>Likeness</h1>
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<hw>Like"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gel\'c6cnes</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being like; similitude; resemblance; similarity; <as>as, the <ex>likeness</ex> of the one to the other is remarkable</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Appearance or form; guise.</def>

<blockquote>An enemy in the <b>likeness</b> of a friend.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which closely resembles; a portrait.</def>

<blockquote>[How he looked] the <b>likenesses</b> of him which still remain enable us to imagine.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A comparison; parable; proverb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He said to them, Soothly ye shall say to me this <b>likeness</b>, Leech, heal thyself.
<i>Wyclif (Luke iv. 23).</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Similarity; parallel; similitude; representation; portrait; effigy.</syn>

<h1>Likerous, a., Likerousness</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lik"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>Lik"er*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt><hw> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Lickerish</er>, <er>Lickerishness</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Likewise</h1>
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<hw>Like"wise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. & conj.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Wise</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>In like manner; also; moreover; too. See <er>Also</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Go, and do thou <b>likewise</b>.
<i>Luke x. 37.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For he seeth that wise men die; <b>likewise</b> the fool and the brutish person perish.
<i>Ps. xlix. 10.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Liking</h1>
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<hw>Lik"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Looking; appearing; <as>as, better or worse <ex>liking</ex></as>. See <er>Like</er>, to look.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Why should he see your faces worse <b>liking</b> than the children which are of your sort ?
<i>Dan. i. 10.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Liking</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Lik"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being pleasing; a suiting. See <cref>On liking</cref>, below.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. End.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being pleased with, or attracted toward, some thing or person; hence, inclination; desire; pleasure; preference; -- often with <ptcl>for</ptcl>, formerly with <ptcl>to</ptcl>; <as>as, it is an amusement I have no <ex>liking</ex> for</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If the human intellect hath once taken a <b>liking</b> to any doctrine, . . . it draws everything else into harmony with that doctrine, and to its support.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Appearance; look; figure; state of body as to health or condition.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>I shall think the worse of fat men, as long as I have an eye to make difference of men's <b>liking</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their young ones are in good <b>liking</b>.
<i>Job. xxxix. 4.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>On liking</col>, <cd>on condition of being pleasing to or suiting; also, on condition of being pleased with; as, to hold a place of service <i>on liking<i>; to engage a servant <i>on liking<i>. <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote>Would he be the degenerate scion of that royal line . . . to be a king <i>on liking</i> and on sufferance ?
<i>Hazlitt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lilac</h1>
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<hw>Li"lac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Also <asp>lilach</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Sp. <ets>lilac</ets>, <ets>lila</ets>, Ar.<ets>l\'c6lak</ets>, fr. Per. <ets>l\'c6laj</ets>, <ets>l\'c6lanj</ets>, <ets>l\'c6lang</ets>, <ets>n\'c6laj</ets>, <ets>n\'c6l</ets>, the indigo plant, or from the kindred <ets>l\'c6lak</ets> bluish, the flowers being named from the color. Cf. <er>Anil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shrub of the genus <spn>Syringa</spn>. There are six species, natives of Europe and Asia.  <spn>Syringa vulgaris</spn>, the common lilac, and <spn>S. Persica</spn>, the Persian lilac, are frequently cultivated for the fragrance and beauty of their purplish or white flowers. In the British colonies various other shrubs have this name.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A light purplish color like that of the flower of the purplish lilac.</def>

<cs><col>California lilac</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a low shrub with dense clusters of purplish flowers (<spn>Ceanothus thyrsiflorus</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Lilacin</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Lil"a*cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Syringin</er>.</def>

<h1>Liliaceous</h1>
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<hw>Lil`i*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>liliaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>lilium</ets> lily. See <er>Lily</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of which the lily, tulip, and hyacinth are well-known examples.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Like the blossom of a lily in general form.</def>

<h1>Lilial</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Lil"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a general resemblance to lilies or to liliaceous plants.</def>

<h1>Lilied</h1>
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<hw>Lil"ied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with, or having many, lilies.</def>

<blockquote>By sandy Ladon's <b>lilied</b> banks.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lill</h1>
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<hw>Lill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To loll.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Lilliputian</h1>
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<hw>Lil`li*pu"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One belonging to a very diminutive race described in Swift's "Voyage to Lilliput."</def>

<p><b>2.</b> Hence: <def>A person or thing of very small size.</def>

<h1>Lilliputian</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Lil`li*pu"tian</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or having to the imaginary island of <i>Lilliput</i> described by Swift, or to its inhabitants.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> Hence: <def>Of very small size; diminutive; dwarfed.</def>

<h1>Lilly-pilly</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Lil"ly-pil`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An Australian myrtaceous tree (<spn>Eugenia Smithii</spn>), having smooth ovate leaves, and panicles of small white flowers. The wood is hard and fine-grained.</def>

<h1>Lilt</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Lilt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Norw. <ets>lilla</ets>, <ets>lirla</ets>, to sing in a high tone.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To do anything with animation and quickness, as to skip, fly, or hop.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sing cheerfully.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Lilt</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Lilt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter with spirit, animation, or gayety; to sing with spirit and liveliness.</def>

<blockquote>A classic lecture, rich in sentiment,
With scraps of thundrous epic <b>lilted</b> out
By violet-hooded doctors.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lilt</h1>
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<hw>Lilt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Animated, brisk motion; spirited rhythm; sprightliness.</def>

<blockquote>The movement, the <b>lilt</b>, and the subtle charm of the verse.
<i>F. Harrison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lively song or dance; a cheerful tune.</def>

<blockquote>The housewife went about her work, or spun at her wheel, with a <b>lilt</b> upon her lips.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lily</h1>
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<hw>Lil"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lilies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>lilie</ets>, L. <ets>lilium</ets>, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Flower-de-luce</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant and flower of the genus <spn>Lilium</spn>, endogenous bulbous plants, having a regular perianth of six colored pieces, six stamens, and a superior three-celled ovary.</def>

<note>&hand; There are nearly fifty species, all found in the North Temperate zone. <spn>Lilium candidum</spn> and <spn>L. longiflorum</spn> are the common white lilies of gardens; <spn>L. Philadelphicum</spn> is the wild red lily of the Atlantic States. <spn>L. Chalcedonicum</spn> is supposed to be the "lily of the field" in our Lord's parable; <spn>L. auratum</spn> is the great gold-banded lily of Japan.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to handsome flowering plants of several genera, having some resemblance in color or form to a true lily, as <spn>Pancratium</spn>, <spn>Crinum</spn>, <spn>Amaryllis</spn>, <spn>Nerine</spn>, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That end of a compass needle which should point to the north; -- so called as often ornamented with the figure of a lily or fleur-de-lis.</def>

<blockquote>But sailing further, it veers its <b>lily</b> to the west.
<i>Sir T. Browne. </i></blockquote>

<cs><col>African lily</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the blue-flowered <spn>Agapanthus umbellatus</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Atamasco lily</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Zephyranthes</spn> (<spn>Z. Atamasco</spn>), having a white and pink funnelform perianth, with six petal-like divisions resembling those of a lily. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Blackberry lily</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the <spn>Pardanthus Chinensis</spn>, the black seeds of which form a dense like a blackberry.</cd> -- <col>Bourbon lily</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd><i>Lilium candidum<i>. See <i>Illust<i>.</cd> -- <col>Butterfly lily</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Mariposa lily</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Lily daffodil</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Narcissus</spn>, and its flower.</cd> -- <col>Lily encrinite</col> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld>, <cd>a fossil encrinite, esp. <spn>Encrinus liliiformis</spn>. See <er>Encrinite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lily hyacinth</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Hyacinthus</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Lily iron</col>, <cd>a kind of harpoon with a detachable head of peculiar shape, used in capturing swordfish.</cd>
<-- illustration: Lily Iron -->
 -- <col>Lily of the valley</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a low perennial herb (<spn>Convallaria majalis</spn>), having a raceme of nodding, fragrant, white flowers.</cd>
<-- illustration: Lily of the valley -->
 -- <col>Lily pad</col>, <cd>the large floating leaf of the water lily. <mark>[U. S.]</mark> <i>Lowell</i>.</cd> -- <col>Tiger lily</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd><spn>Lilium tigrinum</spn>, the sepals of which are blotched with black.</cd> -- <col>Turk's-cap lily</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd><spn>Lilium Martagon</spn>, a red lily with recurved sepals; also, the similar American lily, <spn>L. superbum</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Water lily</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the <spn>Nymph\'91a</spn>, a plant with floating roundish leaves, and large flowers having many petals, usually white, but sometimes pink, red, blue, or yellow. [See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Nymph\'91a</er>.]</cd></cs>

<h1>Lily-handed</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Lil"y-hand`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having white, delicate hands.</def>

<h1>Lily-livered</h1>
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<hw>Lil"y-liv`ered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>White-livered; cowardly.</def>

<h1>Lilywort</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Lil"y*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the Lily family or order.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<h1>Lim</h1>
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<hw>Lim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Limb</er>.]</ety> <def>A limb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lima</h1>
<Xpage=853>

<hw>Li"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The capital city of Peru, in South America.</def>

<cs><col>Lima bean</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A variety of climbing or pole bean (<spn>Phaseolus lunatus</spn>), which has very large flattish seeds</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The seed of this plant, much used for food.</cd> -- <col>Lima wood</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the beautiful dark wood of the South American tree <spn>C\'91salpinia echinata</spn>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="854">
Page 854<p>

<h1>Limaceous</h1>
<Xpage=854>

<hw>Li*ma"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>limax</ets>, <ets>limacis</ets>, slug, snail: cf. F. <ets>limac\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or like, Limax, or the slugs.</def>

<h1>Limacina</h1>
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<hw>Lim`a*ci"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., From L. <ets>limax</ets>, <ets>limacis</ets>, a slug.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small spiral pteropods, common in the Arctic and Antarctic seas. It contributes to the food of the right whales.</def>

<h1>Lima</on</h1>
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<hw>Li`ma`<?/on"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lima<?/on</ets>, lit., a snail.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve of the fourth degree, invented by Pascal. Its polar equation is <i>r = a</i> cos <i><?/</i> + <i>b</i>.</def>

<h1>Limaille</h1>
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<hw>Li"maille</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>limer</ets> to file. See <er>Limation</er>.]</ety> <def>Filings of metal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "An ounce . . . of silver <i>lymaille</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Liman</h1>
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<hw>Li"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>limon</ets>, fr. L. <ets>limus</ets> slime.]</ety> <def>The deposit of slime at the mouth of a river; slime.</def>

<h1>Limation</h1>
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<hw>Li*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>limatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>limare</ets> to file, fr. <ets>lima</ets> file : cf. F. <ets>limation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of filing or polishing.</def>

<h1>Limature</h1>
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<hw>Li"ma*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>limatura</ets>. See <er>Limation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of filing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is filed off; filings.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Limax</h1>
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<hw>Li"max</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of airbreathing mollusks, including the common garden slugs. They have a small rudimentary shell. The breathing pore is on the right side of the neck. Several species are troublesome in gardens. See <er>Slug</er>.</def>

<h1>Limb</h1>
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<hw>Limb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lim</ets>, AS. <ets>lim</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>limr</ets> limb, <ets>lim</ets> branch of a tree, Sw. & Dan. <ets>lem</ets> limb; cf. also AS. <ets>li<?/</ets>, OHG. <ets>lid</ets>, <ets>gilid</ets>, G. <ets>glied</ets>, Goth. <ets>lipus</ets>. Cf. <er>Lith</er>, <er>Limber</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A part of a tree which extends from the trunk and separates into branches and twigs; a large branch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An arm or a leg of a human being; a leg, arm, or wing of an animal.</def>

<blockquote>A second Hector for his grim aspect,
And large proportion of his strong-knit <b>limbs</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A thing or person regarded as a part or member of, or attachment to, something else.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>That little <b>limb</b> of the devil has cheated the gallows.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An elementary piece of the mechanism of a lock.</def>

<cs><col>Limb of the law</col>, <cd>a lawyer or an officer of the law. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Landor.</i>

<h1>Limb</h1>
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<hw>Limb</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To supply with limbs.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dismember; to tear off the limbs of.</def>

<h1>Limb</h1>
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<hw>Limb</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>limbus</ets> border. Cf. <er>Limbo</er>, <er>Limbus</er>.]</ety> <def>A border or edge, in certain special uses.</def> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The border or upper spreading part of a monopetalous corolla, or of a petal, or sepal; blade.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The border or edge of the disk of a heavenly body, especially of the sun and moon.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The graduated margin of an arc or circle, in an instrument for measuring angles.</def>

<h1>Limbat</h1>
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<hw>Lim"bat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A cooling periodical wind in the Isle of Cyprus, blowing from the northwest from eight o'clock, <sc>A. M.</sc>, to the middle of the day or later.</def>

<h1>Limbate</h1>
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<hw>Lim"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>limbatus</ets>, fr. <ets>limbus</ets> border, edge. See <er>Limbus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. &  Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Bordered, as when one color is surrounded by an edging of another.</def>

<h1>Limbec</h1>
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<hw>Lim"bec</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. of <ets>alembic</ets>.]</ety> <def>An alembic; a still.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser. Shak.</i>

<h1>Limbec</h1>
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<hw>Lim"bec</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To distill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Limbed</h1>
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<hw>Limbed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having limbs; -- much used in composition; <as>as, large<ex>-limbed</ex>; short<ex>-limbed</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Innumerous living creatures, perfect forms,
<b>Limbed</b> and full grown.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Limber</h1>
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<hw>Lim"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>limmer</ets>, Icel. <ets>limar</ets> branches, boughs, pl. of <ets>lim</ets>; akin to E. <ets>limb</ets>. See <er>Limb</er> a branch.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The shafts or thills of a wagon or carriage.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The detachable fore part of a gun carriage, consisting of two wheels, an axle, and a shaft to which the horses are attached. On top is an ammunition box upon which the cannoneers sit.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Gutters or conduits on each side of the keelson to afford a passage for water to the pump well.</def>

<cs><col>Limber boards</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>short pieces of plank forming part of the lining of a ship's floor immediately above the timbers, so as to prevent the limbers from becoming clogged.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Limber box &or; chest</col></mcol> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a box on the limber for carrying ammunition.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Limber rope</col>, <col>Limber chain</col> &or;  <col>Limber clearer</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a rope or chain passing through the limbers of a ship, by which they may be cleared of dirt that chokes them. <i>Totten</i>.</cd> -- <col>Limber strake</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>the first course of inside planking next the keelson.</cd></cs>

<h1>Limber</h1>
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<hw>Lim"ber</hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Limbered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Limbering</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To attach to the limber; <as>as, to <ex>limber</ex> a gun</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To limber up</col>, <cd>to change a gun carriage into a four-wheeled vehicle by attaching the limber.</cd></cs>
<-- (b) to render limber, esp. to perform light exercises so as to stretch the muscles and tendons gently in preparation for vigorous activity (and thus to avoid straining the muscles by too sudden exertion after prolonged inactivity) -->

<h1>Limber</h1>
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<hw>Lim"ber</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Akin to <ets>lim</ets>, a. <?/ See <er>Limp</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Easily bent; flexible; pliant; yielding.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The bargeman that doth row with long and <b>limber</b> oar.
<i>Turbervile.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Limber</h1>
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<hw>Lim"ber</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to become limber; to make flexible or pliant.</def>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<h1>Limberness</h1>
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<hw>Lim"ber*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being limber; flexibleness.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Limbless</h1>
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<hw>Limb"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of limbs.</def>

<h1>Limbmeal</h1>
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<hw>Limb"meal`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Limb</er>, and <er>Piecemeal</er>.]</ety> <def>Piecemeal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To tear her <i>limbmeal</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Limbo, Limbus</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lim"bo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lim"bus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>limbus</ets> border, edge <ets>in limbo</ets> on the border. Cf. <er>Limb</er> border.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Scholastic Theol.)</fld> <def>An extramundane region where certain classes of souls were supposed to await the judgment.</def>

<blockquote>As far from help as <b>Limbo</b> is from bliss.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>Limbo</b> large and broad, since called
The Paradise of fools.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The <i>limbus patrum</i> was considered as a place for the souls of good men who lived before the coming of our Savior. The <i>limbus infantium</i> was said to be a similar place for the souls of unbaptized infants. To these was added, in the popular belief, the <i>limbus fatuorum</i>, or fool's paradise, regarded as a receptacle of all vanity and nonsense.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Any real or imaginary place of restraint or confinement; a prison; <as>as, to put a man in <ex>limbo</ex></as>.</def>

<-- hence: a state of waiting, or uncertainty, in which final judgment concerning the outcome of a decision is postponed, perhaps indefinitely; neglect for an indefinite time -->

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A border or margin; <as>as, the <ex>limbus</ex> of the cornea</as>.</def>

<-- 4. A West Indian dance contest, in which participants must dance under a pole which is lowered successively until only one participant can successfully pass under, without falling.
[MW10 <ety> Jamaican E limba to bend, fr. E. limber (1950)].  Often performed at celebrations, such as weddings. (1950-1996) -->

<h1>Limbous</h1>
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<hw>Lim"bous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Limbus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>With slightly overlapping borders; -- said of a suture.</def>

<h1>Lime</h1>
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<hw>Lime</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Leam</er> a string.]</ety> <def>A thong by which a dog is led; a leash.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Lime</h1>
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<hw>Lime</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formerly <ets>line</ets>, for earlier <ets>lind</ets>. See <er>Linden</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The linden tree. See <er>Linden</er>.</def>

<h1>Lime</h1>
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<hw>Lime</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lime</ets>; of Persian origin. See <er>Lemon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fruit allied to the lemon, but much smaller; also, the tree which bears it. There are two kinds; <spn>Citrus Medica</spn>, var. <spn>acida</spn> which is intensely sour, and the sweet lime (<spn>C. Medica</spn>, var. <spn>Limetta</spn>) which is only slightly sour.</def>

<h1>Lime</h1>
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<hw>Lime</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>l\'c6m</ets>; akin to D. <ets>lijm</ets>, G. <ets>leim</ets>, OHG. <ets>l\'c6m</ets>, L. <ets>limus</ets> mud, <ets>linere</ets> to smear, and E. <ets>loam</ets>. <ets><?/</ets>. Cf. <er>Loam</er>, <er>Liniment</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Birdlime.</def>

<blockquote>Like the <b>lime</b>
That foolish birds are caught with.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Oxide of calcium; the white or gray, caustic substance, usually called <altname>quicklime</altname>, obtained by calcining limestone or shells, the heat driving off carbon dioxide and leaving lime. It develops great heat when treated with water, forming slacked lime, <-- ##sic, and thus intended (see slack, v.t.), but now it should be "slaked lime" -->and is an essential ingredient of cement, plastering, mortar, etc.</def><-- <chform>CaO</chform> -->

<note>&hand; Lime is the principal constituent of limestone, marble, chalk, bones, shells, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Caustic lime</col>, <cd>calcium hydrate or slacked lime; also, in a less technical sense, calcium oxide or quicklime.</cd><-- Calcium hydroxide = slaked lime --> -- <col>Lime burner</col>, <cd>one who burns limestone, shells, etc., to make lime.</cd> -- <col>Lime light</col>. <cd>See <cref>Calcium light</cref> under <er>Calcium</er>.<-- as one word, limelight means the center of public attention, esp. in the phrase "in the limelight" --></cd> -- <col>Lime pit</col>, <cd>a limestone quarry.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Lime rod</col>, <col>Lime twig</col></mcol>, <cd>a twig smeared with birdlime; hence, that which catches; a snare. <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lime</h1>
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<hw>Lime</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Limed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Liming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>gel\'c6man</ets> to glue or join together. See <er>Lime</er> a viscous substance.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> </def>To smear with a viscous substance, as birdlime.</def>

<blockquote>These twigs, in time, will come to be <b>limed</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To entangle; to insnare.</def>

<blockquote>We had <b>limed</b> ourselves
With open eyes, and we must take the chance.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To treat with lime, or oxide or hydrate of calcium; to manure with lime; <as>as, to <ex>lime</ex> hides for removing the hair; to <ex>lime</ex> sails in order to whiten them.</as></def>

<blockquote>Land may be improved by draining, marling, and <b>liming</b>.
<i>Sir J. Child.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cement.</def> "Who gave his blood to <i>lime</i> the stones together."

<i>Shak.</i>

<-- Lime, lime-colored. adj. having a yellowish-green color like that of the lime. -- n. the lime color. -->

<h1>Limehound</h1>
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<hw>Lime"hound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lime</ets> a leash + <ets>hound</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dog used in hunting the wild boar; a leamer.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Limekiln</h1>
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<hw>Lime"kiln`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kiln or furnace in which limestone or shells are burned and reduced to lime.</def>

<h1>Limenean</h1>
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<hw>Li*men"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Lima, or to the inhabitants of Lima, in Peru.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Lima.</def></def2>

<h1>Limer</h1>
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<hw>Lim"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A limehound; a limmer.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Limestone</h1>
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<hw>Lime"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rock consisting chiefly of calcium carbonate or carbonate of lime. It sometimes contains also magnesium carbonate, and is then called <i>magnesian or dolomitic limestone</i>. Crystalline limestone is called <i>marble</i>.</def>

<h1>Lime twig</h1>
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<hw>Lime twig</hw><def>. See under 4th <er>Lime</er>.</def>

<h1>Lime-twigged</h1>
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<hw>Lime"-twigged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Beset with snares; insnared, as with birdlime.</def>

<i>L. Addison.</i>

<h1>Limewater</h1>
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<hw>Lime"wa`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Water impregnated with lime; esp., an artificial solution of lime for medicinal purposes.</def>

<h1>Limicol\'91</h1>
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<hw>Li*mic"o*l\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>limicola</ets> a dweller in the mud; <ets>limus</ets> mud + <ets>colere</ets> to dwell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of shore birds, embracing the plovers, sandpipers, snipe, curlew, etc. ; the Grall\'91.</def>

<h1>Limicoline</h1>
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<hw>Li*mic"o*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Shore-inhabiting; of or pertaining to the Limicol\'91.</def>

<h1>Liminess</h1>
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<hw>Lim"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being limy.</def>

<h1>Limit</h1>
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<hw>Lim"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>limes</ets>, <ets>limitis</ets>: cf. F.<ets>limite</ets>; <ets>-or</ets> from E. <ets>limit</ets>, <er>v</er>. See <er>Limit</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which terminates, circumscribes, restrains, or confines; the bound, border, or edge; the utmost extent; <as>as, the <ex>limit</ex> of a walk, of a town, of a country; the <ex>limits</ex> of human knowledge or endeavor.</as></def>

<blockquote>As eager of the chase, the maid
Beyond the forest's verdant <b>limits</b> strayed.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The space or thing defined by limits.</def>

<blockquote>The archdeacon hath divided it
Into three <b>limits</b> very equally.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which terminates a period of time; hence, the period itself; the full time or extent.</def>

<blockquote>The dateless <b>limit</b> of thy dear exile.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>limit</b> of your lives is out.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A restriction; a check; a curb; a hindrance.</def>

<blockquote>I prithee, give no <b>limits</b> to my tongue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Logic & Metaph.)</fld> <def>A determining feature; a distinguishing characteristic a differentia.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A determinate quantity, to which a variable one continually approaches, and may differ from it by less than any given difference, but to which, under the law of variation, the variable can never become exactly equivalent.</def>

<cs><col>Elastic limit</col>. <cd>See under <er>Elastic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Prison limits</col>, <cd>a definite, extent of space in or around a prison, within which a prisoner has liberty to go and come.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Boundary; border; edge; termination; restriction; bound; confine.</syn>

<h1>Limit</h1>
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<hw>Lim"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Limited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Limiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>limiter</ets>, L. <ets>limitare</ets>, fr.  <ets>limes</ets>, <ets>limitis</ets>, limit; prob. akin to <ets>limen</ets> threshold, E. <ets>eliminate</ets>; cf. L. <ets>limus</ets> sidelong.]</ety> <def>To apply a limit to, or set a limit for; to terminate, circumscribe, or restrict, by a limit or limits; <as>as, to <ex>limit</ex> the acreage of a crop; to <ex>limit</ex> the issue of paper money; to <ex>limit</ex> one's ambitions or aspirations; to <ex>limit</ex> the meaning of a word.</as></def>

<cs><col>Limiting parallels</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>those parallels of latitude between which only an occultation of a star or planet by the moon, in a given case, can occur.</cd></cs>

<h1>Limit</h1>
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<hw>Lim"it</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To beg, or to exercise functions, within a certain limited region; <as>as, a <ex>limiting</ex> friar</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Limitable</h1>
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<hw>Lim"it*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being limited.</def>

<h1>Limitaneous</h1>
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<hw>Lim`i*ta"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>limitancus</ets>. See <er>Limit</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a limit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Limitarian</h1>
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<hw>Lim`i*ta"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to limit.</def>

<h1>Limitary</h1>
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<hw>Lim"i*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>limitaris</ets>. See <er>Limit</er> , <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Placed at the limit, as a guard.</def> "Proud <i>limitary</i> cherub."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Confined within limits; limited in extent, authority, power, etc.</def> "The <i>limitary</i> ocean."

<i>Trench.</i>

<blockquote>The poor, <b>limitary</b> creature calling himself a man of the world.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Limiting, or tending to limit; restrictive.</def>

<blockquote>Doctrines <b>limitary</b>, if not subversive of the papal power.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Limitary</h1>
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<hw>Lim"i*ta*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which serves to limit; a boundary; border land.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A limiter. See <er>Limiter</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Limitate</h1>
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<hw>Lim"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>limitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>limitare</ets> to limit. See <er>Limit</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <def>Bounded by a distinct line.</def>

<h1>Limitation</h1>
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<hw>Lim`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>limitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>Limitation</ets>. See <er>Limit</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of limiting; the state or condition of being limited; <as>as, the <ex>limitation</ex> of his authority was approved by the council</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They had no right to mistake the <b>limitation</b> . . . of their own faculties, for an inherent <b>limitation</b> of the possible modes of existence in the universe.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which limits; a restriction; a qualification; a restraining condition, defining circumstance, or qualifying conception; <as>as, <ex>limitations</ex> of thought</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The cause of error is ignorance what restraints and <b>limitations</b> all principles have in regard of the matter whereunto they are applicable.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A certain precinct within which friars were allowed to beg, or exercise their functions; also, the time during which they were permitted to exercise their functions in such a district.</def>

<i>Chaucer. Latimer.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A limited time within or during which something is to be done.</def>

<blockquote>You have stood your <b>limitation</b>, and the tribunes
Endue you with the people's voice.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A certain period limited by statute after which the claimant shall not enforce his claims by suit.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A settling of an estate or property by specific rules.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A restriction of power; <as>as, a constitutional <ex>limitation</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Wharton. Bouvier.</i>

<cs><col>To know one's own limitations</col>, <cd>to know the reach and limits of one's abilities.</cd></cs>

<i>A. R. Wallace.</i>

<h1>Limited</h1>
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<hw>Lim"it*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Confined within limits; narrow; circumscribed; restricted; <as>as, our views of nature are very <ex>limited</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Limited company</col>, <cd>a company in which the liability of each shareholder is limited by the number of shares he has taken, so that he can not be called on to contribute beyond the amount of his shares. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <i>Mozley & W.</i></cd></cs>

<h1>Limitedly</h1>
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<hw>Lim"it*ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With limitation.</def>

<h1>limitedness</h1>
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<hw>lim"it*ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being limited.</def>

<h1>Limiter</h1>
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<hw>Lim"it*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, limits.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A friar licensed to beg within certain bounds, or whose duty was limited to a certain district.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>limitour</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>limitour</b> of the Gray Friars, in the time of his limitation, preached many times, and had one sermon at all times.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Limitive</h1>
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<hw>Lim"it*ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Involving a limit; <as>as, a <ex>limitive</ex> law, one designed to limit existing powers</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Limitless</h1>
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<hw>Lim"it*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no limits; unbounded; boundless.</def>

<i>Davies (Wit's Pilgr.).</i>

<h1>Limitour</h1>
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<hw>Lim"it*our</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Limiter</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Limmer</h1>
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<hw>Lim"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Limber.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Limmer</h1>
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<hw>Lim"mer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>limier</ets>. See <er>Leamer</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A limehound; a leamer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mongrel, as a cross between the mastiff and hound.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A low, base fellow; also, a prostitute.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thieves, <b>limmers</b>, and broken men of the Highlands.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A man rope at the side of a ladder.</def>

<h1>Limn</h1>
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<hw>Limn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Limned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. &  vb. n.</tt> <er>Limning</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>limnen</ets>, fr. <ets>luminen</ets>, for <ets>enluminen</ets>, F. <ets>enluminer</ets> to illuminate, to limn, LL. <ets>illuminare</ets> to paint. <?/. See <er>Illuminate</er>, <er>Luminous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw or paint; especially, to represent in an artistic way with pencil or brush.</def>

<blockquote>Let a painter carelessly <b>limn</b> out a million of faces, and you shall find them all different.
<i>Sir T. Browne. </i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To illumine, as books or parchments, with ornamental figures, letters, or borders.</def>

<hr>
<page="855">
Page 855<p>

<h1>Lim n\'91a</h1>
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<hw>Lim *n\'91"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ pertaining to a marsh, fr. <?/ a marsh.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fresh-water air-breathing mollusks, abundant in ponds and streams; -- called also <altname>pond snail</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Lymn\'91a</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Limner</h1>
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<hw>Lim"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>enlumineur</ets>, LL. <ets>illuminator</ets>. See <er>Limn</er>, and cf. <er>Alluminor</er>.]</ety> <def>A painter; an artist</def>; esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who paints portraits.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who illuminates books.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Limniad</h1>
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<hw>Lim"ni*ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a pool.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>See <er>Limoniad</er>.</def>

<h1>Limning</h1>
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<hw>Lim"ning</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act, process, or art of one who limns; the picture or decoration so produced.</def>

<blockquote>Adorned with illumination which we now call <b>limning</b>.
<i>Wood.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Limoges</h1>
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<hw>Li*moges"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A city of Southern France.</def>

<cs><col>Limoges enamel</col>, <cd>a kind of enamel ware in which the enamel is applied to the whole surface of a metal plaque, vase, or the like, and painted in enamel colors. The art was brought to a high degree of perfection in Limoges in the 16th century.</cd> -- <col>Limoges ware</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Articles decorated with Limoges enamel</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Articles of porcelain, etc., manufactured at Limoges.</cd></cs>

<h1>Limoniad</h1>
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<hw>Li*mo"ni*ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>limoniades</ets>, pl., Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ meadow.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A nymph of the meadows; -- called also <altname>Limniad</altname>.</def>

<h1>Limonin</h1>
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<hw>Li*mo"nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From NL. Citrus Medica, var. <ets>Limonum</ets>, the scientific name of the lemon.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter, white, crystalline substance found in orange and lemon seeds.</def>

<h1>Limonite</h1>
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<hw>Li"mon*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ any moist grassy place, a meadow : cf. F. <ets>limonite</ets>, G. <ets>limonit</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Hydrous sesquixoide of iron, an important ore of iron, occurring in stalactitic, mammillary, or earthy forms, of a dark brown color, yellowish brown powder. It includes bog iron. Also called <altname>brown hematite</altname>.</def>

<h1>Limosis</h1>
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<hw>Li*mo"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/. hunger.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A ravenous appetite caused by disease; excessive and morbid hunger.</def>

<h1>Limous</h1>
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<hw>Li"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>limosus</ets>, fr. <ets>limus</ets> slime, mud.]</ety> <def>Muddy; slimy; thick.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Limp</h1>
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<hw>Limp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Limped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Limping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>lemp</ets>healt lame, OHG. <ets>limphen</ets> to limp, be weak; perh. akin to E. <ets>lame</ets>, or to <ets>limp</ets>, a <?/.]</ety> <def>To halt; to walk lamely. Also used figuratively.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Limp</h1>
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<hw>Limp</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A halt; the act of limping.</def>

<h1>Limp</h1>
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<hw>Limp</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Ore Washing)</fld> <def>A scraper for removing poor ore or refuse from the sieve.</def>

<h1>Limp</h1>
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<hw>Limp</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>limpa</ets> limpness, weakness, and E.<ets>lap</ets>, <tt>n.</tt>, <ets>lop</ets>, <tt>v. t.</tt> Cf. <er>Limber</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Flaccid; flabby, as flesh.</def>

<i>Walton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lacking stiffness; flimsy; <as>as, a <ex>limp</ex> cravat</as>.</def>

<h1>Limper</h1>
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<hw>Limp"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who limps.</def>

<h1>Limpet</h1>
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<hw>Lim"pet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. through French fr. L. <ets>lepas</ets>, <ets>-adis</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a general sense, any hatshaped, or conical, gastropod shell.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any one of many species of marine shellfish of the order Docoglossa, mostly found adhering to rocks, between tides.</def>

<note>&hand; The common European limpets of the genus <spn>Patella</spn> (esp. <spn>P. vulgata</spn>) are extensively used as food. The common New England species is <spn>Acm\'91a testudinalis</spn>. Numerous species of limpets occur on the Pacific coast of America, some of them of large size.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any species of <spn>Siphonaria</spn>, a genus of limpet-shaped Pulmonifera, living between tides, on rocks.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A keyhole limpet. See <er>Fissurella</er>.</def>

<h1>Limpid</h1>
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<hw>Lim"pid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>limpidus</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/ to shine: cf. F. <ets>limpide</ets>. Cf. <er>Lamp</er>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by clearness or transparency; clear; <as>as, a <ex>limpid</ex> stream</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Springs which were clear, fresh, and <b>limpid</b>.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Clear; transparent; pellucid; lucid; pure; crystal; translucent; bright.</syn>

<h1>Limpidity</h1>
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<hw>Lim*pid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>limpiditas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>limpidit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being limpid.</def>

<h1>Limpidness</h1>
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<hw>Lim"pid*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being limpid; limpidity.</def>

<h1>Limpin</h1>
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<hw>Lim"pin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A limpet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Limpingly</h1>
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<hw>Limp"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a limping manner.</def>

<h1>Limpitude</h1>
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<hw>Limp"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Limpidity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Limpkin</h1>
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<hw>Limp"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Either one of two species of wading birds of the genus <spn>Aramus</spn>, intermediate between the cranes and rails. The limpkins are remarkable for the great length of the toes. One species (<spn>A. giganteus</spn>) inhabits Florida and the West Indies; the other (<spn>A. scolopaceus</spn>) is found in South America. Called also <altname>courlan</altname>, and <altname>crying bird</altname>.</def>

<h1>Limpness</h1>
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<hw>Limp"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being limp.</def>

<h1>Limpsy, Limsy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Limp"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lim"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Limp</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <ets>W</ets>. <ets>llymsi</ets> having a fickle motion, weak. Cf. <er>Flimsy</er>.]</ety> <def>Limp; flexible; flimsy.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Limu</h1>
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<hw>Li"mu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The Hawaiian name for seaweeds. Over sixty kinds are used as food, and have species names, as <spn>Limu Lipoa</spn>, <spn>Limu palawai</spn>, etc.</def>

<h1>Limule</h1>
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<hw>Lim"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A limulus.</def>

<h1>Limuloidea</h1>
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<hw>Lim`u*loi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Limulus</er>, and <er>-oid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Merostomata, including among living animals the genus Limulus, with various allied fossil genera, mostly of the Carboniferous period. Called also <spn>Xiphosura</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; There are six pairs of leglike organs, surrounding the mouth, most of which terminate in claws; those of the first pair (probably mandibles) are the smallest; the others have the basal joints thickened and spinose, to serve as jaws, while the terminal joints serve as legs. This group is intermediate, in some characteristics, between crustaceans and certain arachnids (scorpions), but the respiration is by means of lamellate gills borne upon the five posterior abdominal appendages, which are flat and united in pairs by their inner edges, and are protected by the lidlike anterior pair, which also bear the genital orifices.</note>

<h1>Limulus</h1>
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<hw>Lim"u*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Limuli</plw> <tt>(-l&imac;)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>limus</ets> sidelong, askance.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The only existing genus of Merostomata. It includes only a few species from the East Indies, and one (<spn>Limulus polyphemus</spn>) from the Atlantic coast of North America. Called also <altname>Molucca crab</altname>, <altname>king crab</altname>, <altname>horseshoe crab</altname>, and <altname>horsefoot</altname>.</def>

<h1>Limy</h1>
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<hw>Lim"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 4th <er>Lime</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Smeared with, or consisting of, lime; viscous. "<i>Limy</i> snares.'</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Containing lime; <as>as, a <ex>limy</ex> soil</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Resembling lime; having the qualities of lime.</def>

<h1>Lin</h1>
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<hw>Lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>linnan</ets>. See <er>Lithe</er>.]</ety> <def>To yield; to stop; to cease.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<i>Marsion.</i>

<h1>Lin</h1>
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<hw>Lin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. <ets>linn</ets>, or Gael. <ets>linne</ets>; akin to W. <ets>llyn</ets> a pool, pond, lake, but in senses 2 and 3 prob. from AS.<ets>hlynn</ets> torrent. Cf. <er>Dunlin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pool or collection of water, particularly one above or below a fall of water.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A waterfall, or cataract; <as>as, a roaring <ex>lin</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A steep ravine.</def>

<note>&hand; Written also <i>linn</i> and <i>lyn</i>.</note>

<h1>Linage</h1>
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<hw>Lin"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lineage</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Linament</h1>
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<hw>Lin"a*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>linamentum</ets>, fr. <ets>linum</ets> flax.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Lint; esp., lint made into a tent for insertion into wounds or ulcers.</def>

<h1>Linarite</h1>
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<hw>Li*nar`ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called because formerly supposed to occur at <ets>Linares</ets>, in Spain.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous sulphate of lead and copper occurring in bright blue monoclinic crystals.</def>

<h1>Linch</h1>
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<hw>Linch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hlinc</ets> a hill.]</ety> <def>A ledge; a right-angled projection.</def>

<h1>Linchi</h1>
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<hw>Lin"chi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native Chinese name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An esculent swallow.</def>

<h1>Linchpin</h1>
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<hw>Linch"pin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>lynis</ets> the axletree; akin to D. <ets>luns</ets> linchpin, OS. <ets>lunisa</ets>, LG. <ets>lunse</ets>, G. <ets>l\'81nse</ets>, OHG. <ets>lun</ets> peg, bolt.]</ety> <def>A pin used to prevent the wheel of a vehicle from sliding off the axletree.</def>

<h1>Lincoln green</h1>
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<hw>Lin"coln green"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A color of cloth formerly made in <i>Lincoln</i>, England; the cloth itself.</def>

<h1>Lincture, Linctus</h1>
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<hw><hw>Linc"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Linc"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lingere</ets>, <ets>linctum</ets>, to lick.]</ety> <def>Medicine taken by licking with the tongue.</def>

<h1>Lind</h1>
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<hw>Lind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The linden. See <er>Linden</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Linden</h1>
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<hw>Lin"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Orig. an adj. from <ets>lind</ets> linden tree, AS. <ets>lind</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>linde</ets>, OHG. <ets>linta</ets>, Icel., Sw., & Dan. <ets>lind</ets>. Cf. <er>Lime</er> linden.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A handsome tree (<spn>Tilia Europ\'91a</spn>), having cymes of light yellow flowers, and large cordate leaves. The tree is common in Europe.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In America, the basswood, or <spn>Tilia Americana</spn>.</def>

<h1>Lindia</h1>
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<hw>Lin"di*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A peculiar genus of rotifers, remarkable for the absence of ciliated disks. By some zo\'94logists it is thought to be like the ancestral form of the Arthropoda.</def>

<h1>Lindiform</h1>
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<hw>Lin"di*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lindia</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling the genus Lindia; -- said of certain apodous insect larv\'91.</def> <mark>[See Illust. under <er>Larva</er>.]</mark>

<h1>Line</h1>
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<hw>Line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lin</ets>. See <er>Linen</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Flax; linen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Garments made of <i>line</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The longer and fiber of flax.</def>

<h1>Line</h1>
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<hw>Line</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lining</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover the inner surface of; <as>as, to <ex>line</ex> a cloak with silk or fur; to <ex>line</ex> a box with paper or tin.</as></def>

<blockquote>The inside <b>lined</b> with rich carnation silk.
<i>W. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put something in the inside of; to fill; to supply, as a purse with money.</def>

<blockquote>The charge amounteth very high for any one man's purse, except <b>lined</b> beyond ordinary, to reach unto.
<i>Carew.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Till coffee has her stomach <b>lined</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To place persons or things along the side of for security or defense; to strengthen by adding; to fortify; <as>as, to <ex>line</ex> works with soldiers</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Line</b> and new repair our towns of war
With men of courage and with means defendant.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To impregnate; -- applied to brute animals.</def>

<i>Creech.</i>

<cs><col>Lined gold</col>, <cd>gold foil having a lining of another metal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Line</h1>
<Xpage=855>

<hw>Line</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>line</ets>, AS. <ets>l\'c6ne</ets> cable, hawser, prob. from L. <ets>linea</ets> a linen thread, string, line, fr. <ets>linum</ets> flax, thread, linen, cable; but the English word was influenced by F. <ets>ligne</ets> line, from the same L. word <ets>linea</ets>. See <er>Linen</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>linen thread or string; a slender, strong cord; also, a cord of any thickness; a rope; a hawser; <as>as, a fishing <ex>line</ex>; a <ex>line</ex> for snaring birds; a clothes<ex>line</ex>; a tow<ex>line</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Who so layeth <b>lines</b> for to latch fowls.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A more or less threadlike mark of pen, pencil, or graver; any long mark; <as>as, a chalk <ex>line</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The course followed by anything in motion; hence, a road or route; <as>as, the arrow descended in a curved <ex>line</ex>; the place is remote from <ex>lines</ex> of travel.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Direction; <as>as, the <ex>line</ex> sight or vision</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A row of letters, words, etc., written or printed; esp., a row of words extending across a page or column.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A short letter; a note; <as>as, a <ex>line</ex> from a friend</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Poet.)</fld> <def>A verse, or the words which form a certain number of feet, according to the measure.</def>

<blockquote>In the preceding <b>line</b> Ulysses speaks of Nausicaa.
<i>Broome.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Course of conduct, thought, occupation, or policy; method of argument; department of industry, trade, or intellectual activity.</def>

<blockquote>He is uncommonly powerful in his own <b>line</b>, but it is not the <b>line</b> of a first-rate man.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>That which has length, but not breadth or thickness.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>The exterior limit of a figure, plat, or territory; boundary; contour; outline.</def>

<blockquote>Eden stretched her <b>line</b>
From Auran eastward to the royal towers
Of great Seleucia.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>A threadlike crease marking the face or the hand; hence, characteristic mark.</def>

<blockquote>Though on his brow were graven <b>lines</b> austere.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He tipples palmistry, and dines
On all her fortune-telling <b>lines</b>.
<i>Cleveland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>Lineament; feature; figure</def>. "The <i>lines</i> of my boy's face."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>A straight row; a continued series or rank; <as>as, a <ex>line</ex> of houses, or of soldiers; a <ex>line</ex> of barriers.</as></def>

<blockquote>Unite thy forces and attack their <b>lines</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>14.</b> <def>A series or succession of ancestors or descand ants of a given person; a family or race; <as>as, the ascending or descending <ex>line</ex>; the <ex>line</ex> of descent; the male <ex>line</ex>; a <ex>line</ex> of kings.</as></def>

<blockquote>Of his lineage am I, and his offspring
By very <b>line</b>, as of the stock real.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>15.</b> <def>A connected series of public conveyances, and hence, an established arrangement for forwarding merchandise, etc. ; <as>as, a <ex>line</ex> of stages; an express <ex>line</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>16.</b> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A circle of latitude or of longitude, as represented on a map.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The equator; -- usually called <i>the line</i>, <i>or equinoctial line</i>; <as>as, to cross <ex>the line</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>17.</b> <def>A long tape, or a narrow ribbon of steel, etc., marked with subdivisions, as feet and inches, for measuring; a tapeline.</def>

<p><b>18.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A measuring line or cord.</def>

<blockquote>He marketh it out with a <b>line</b>.
<i>Is. xliv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>That which was measured by a line, as a field or any piece of land set apart; hence, allotted place of abode</def>.

<blockquote>The <b>lines</b> are fallen unto me in pleasant places; yes. I have a goodly heritage.
<i>Ps. xvi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Instruction; doctrine</def>.

<blockquote>Their <b>line</b> is gone out through all the earth.
<i>Ps. xix. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>19.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The proper relative position or adjustment of parts, not as to design or proportion, but with reference to smooth working; <as>as, the engine is in <ex>line</ex> or out of <ex>line</ex> or out of <ex>line</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>20.</b> <def>The track and roadbed of a railway; railroad.</def>

<p><b>21.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A row of men who are abreast of one another, whether side by side or some distance apart; -- opposed to <i>column</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The regular infantry of an army, as distinguished from militia, guards, volunteer corps, cavalry, artillery, etc.</def>

<p><b>22.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A trench or rampart.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Dispositions made to cover extended positions, and presenting a front in but one direction to an enemy.</def>

<p><b>23.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>form of a vessel as shown by the outlines of vertical, horizontal, and obique sections.</def>

<p><b>24.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One of the straight horizontal and parallel prolonged strokes on and between which the notes are placed.</def>

<p><b>25.</b> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>A number of shares taken by a jobber.</def>

<p><b>26.</b> <fld>(Trade)</fld> <def>A series of various qualities and values of the same general class of articles; <as>as, a full <ex>line</ex> of hosiery; a <ex>line</ex> of merinos, etc.</as></def>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<p><b>27.</b> <def>The wire connecting one telegraphic station with another, or the whole of a system of telegraph wires under one management and name.</def>

<p><b>28.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The reins with which a horse is guided by his driver.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>29.</b> <def>A measure of length; one twelfth of an inch.</def>

<cs><col>Hard lines</col>, <cd>hard lot.</cd> <i>C. Kingsley</i>. [See Def. 18.] -- <col>Line breeding</col> <fld>(Stockbreeding)</fld>, <cd>breeding by a certain family line of descent, especially in the selection of the dam or mother.</cd> -- <col>Line conch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a spiral marine shell (<spn>Fasciolaria distans</spn>), of Florida and the West Indies. It is marked by narrow, dark, revolving lines.</cd> -- <col>Line engraving</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Engraving in which the effects are produced by lines of different width and closeness, cut with the burin upon copper or similar material; also, a plate so engraved</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A picture produced by printing from such an engraving.</cd> -- <col>Line of battle</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <sd>(Mil <i>Tactics<i>)</sd> <cd>The position of troops drawn up in their usual order without any determined maneuver</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naval)</fld> <cd>The line or arrangement formed by vessels of war in an engagement.</cd> -- <col>Line of battle ship</col>. <cd>See <cref>Ship of the line</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Line of beauty</col> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld>,<cd>an abstract line supposed to be beautiful in itself and absolutely; -- differently represented by different authors, often as a kind of elongated <it>S<it> (like the one drawn by Hogarth).</cd> -- <col>Line of centers</col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A line joining two centers, or fulcra, as of wheels or levers</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A line which determines a dead center</cd>. See <cref>Dead center</cref>, under <er>Dead</er>.</cd> -- <col>Line of dip</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a line in the plane of a stratum, or part of a stratum, perpendicular to its intersection with a horizontal plane; the line of greatest inclination of a stratum to the horizon.</cd> -- <col>Line of fire</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the direction of fire.</cd> -- <col>Line of force</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>any line in a space in which forces are acting, so drawn that at every point of the line its tangent is the direction of the resultant of all the forces. It cuts at right angles every equipotential surface which it meets. Specifically <fld>(Magnetism)</fld>, a line in proximity to a magnet so drawn that any point in it is tangential with the direction of a short compass needle held at that point. <i>Faraday</i>.</cd> -- <col>Line of life</col> <fld>(Palmistry)</fld>, <cd>a line on the inside of the hand, curving about the base of the thumb, supposed to indicate, by its form or position, the length of a person's life.</cd> -- <col>Line of lines</col>. <cd>See <er>Gunter's line</er>.</cd> -- <col>Line of march</col>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Arrangement of troops for marching</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Course or direction taken by an army or body of troops in marching.</cd> -- <col>Line of operations</col>, <cd>that portion of a theater of war which an army passes over in attaining its object. <i>H. W. Halleck</i>.</cd> -- <col>Line of sight</col> <fld>(Firearms)</fld>, <cd>the line which passes through the front and rear sight, at any elevation, when they are sighted at an object.</cd> -- <col>Line tub</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a tub in which the line carried by a whaleboat is coiled.</cd> -- <col>Mason and Dixon's line</col><-- also, the Mason-Dixon Line -->, <cd>the boundary line between Pennsylvania and Maryland, as run before the Revolution (1764-1767) by two English astronomers named Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon. In an extended sense, the line between the free and the slave States.</cd> -- <col>On the line</col>, <cd>on a level with the eye of the spectator; -- said of a picture, as hung in an exhibition of pictures.</cd><-- also, at risk (dependent upon success) in a contest or enterprise, as the survival of the company is on the line in this project --> -- <col>Right line a picture</col>, <cd>as hung in an exhibition of pictures.</cd> -- <col>Right line</col>, <cd>a straight line; the shortest line that can be drawn between two points.</cd> -- <col>Ship of the line</col>, <cd>formerly, a ship of war large enough to have a place in the line of battle; a vessel superior to a frigate; usually, a seventy-four, or three-decker; -- called also <altname>line of battle ship</altname>.<-- eventually abbreviated to "battleship" --> <i>Totten</i>.</cd> -- <col>To cross the line</col>, <cd>to cross the equator, as a vessel at sea.</cd> -- <col>To give a person line</col>, <cd>to allow him more or less liberty until it is convenient to stop or check him, like a hooked fish that swims away with the line.</cd> -- <col>Water line</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>the outline of a horizontal section of a vessel, as when floating in the water.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="856">
Page 856<p>

<h1>Line</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>Line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To mark with a line or lines; to cover with lines; <as>as, to <ex>line</ex> a copy book</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He had a healthy color in his cheeks, and his face, though <b>lined</b>, bore few traces of anxiety.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To represent by lines; to delineate; to portray.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Pictures fairest <i>lined</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To read or repeat line by line; <as>as, to <ex>line</ex> out a hymn</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This custom of reading or <b>lining</b>, <b>or</b>, as it was frequently called "deaconing' the hymn or psalm in the churches, was brought about partly from necessity.
<i>N. D. Gould.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To form into a line; to align; <as>as, to <ex>line</ex> troops</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To line bees</col>, <cd>to track wild bees to their nest by following their line of flight.</cd> -- <col>To line up</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>to put in alignment; to put in correct adjustment for smooth running. See 3d <er>Line</er>, 19.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lineage</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>Lin"e*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>linage</ets>, F. <ets>lignage</ets>, fr. L. <ets>linea</ets> line. See 3d <er>Line</er>.]</ety> <def>Descent in a line from a common progenitor; progeny; race; descending line of offspring or ascending line of parentage.</def>

<blockquote>Both the <b>lineage</b> and the certain sire
From which I sprung, from me are hidden yet.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lineal</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>Lin"e*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>linealis</ets> belonging to a line, fr. <ets>linea</ets> line: cf. F. <ets>lin\'82al</ets>. See 3d <er>Line</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Descending in a direct line from an ancestor; hereditary; derived from ancestors; -- opposed to <i>collateral</i>; <as>as, a <ex>lineal</ex> descent or a <ex>lineal</ex> descendant</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The prime and ancient right of <b>lineal</b> succession.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inheriting by direct descent; having the right by direct descent to succeed (<ptcl>to</ptcl>).</def>

<blockquote>For only you are <b>lineal</b> to the throne.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Composed of lines; delineated; <as>as, <ex>lineal</ex> designs</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In the direction of a line; of a line; of or pertaining to a line; measured on, or ascertained by, a line; linear; <as>as, <ex>lineal</ex> magnitude</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Lineal measure</col>, <cd>the measure of length; -- usually written <altname>linear measure</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lineality</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>Lin`e*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being linea<?/.</def>

<h1>Lineally</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>Lin"e*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lineal manner; <as>as, the prince is <ex>lineally</ex> descended from the Conqueror</as>.</def>

<h1>Lineament</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>Lin"e*a*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lineamentum</ets>, fr. <ets>linea</ets> line: cf. F. <ets>lin\'82ament</ets>. See 3d <er>Line</er>.]</ety> <def>One of the outlines, exterior features, or distinctive marks, of a body or figure, particularly of the face; feature; form; mark; -- usually in the <i>plural</i>.</def>  "The <i>lineaments</i> of the body." <i>Locke</i>. "<i>Lineaments</i> in the character." <i>Swift</i>.

<blockquote>Man he seems
In all his <b>lineaments</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Linear</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>Lin"e*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>linearis</ets>, <ets>linearius</ets> , fr. <ets>linea</ets> line: cf. F. <ets>lin\'82aire</ets>. See 3d <er>Line</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a line; consisting of lines; in a straight direction; lineal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Like a line; narrow; of the same breadth throughout, except at the extremities; <as>as, a <ex>linear</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Linear differential</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>an equation which is of the first degree, when the expression which is equated to zero is regarded as a function of the dependent variable and its differential coefficients.</cd> -- <col>Linear equation</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>an equation of the first degree between two variables; -- so called because every such equation may be considered as representing a right line.<-- = stright line! --></cd> -- <col>Linear measure</col>, <cd>the measurement of length.</cd> -- <col>Linear numbers</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>such numbers as have relation to length only: such is a number which represents one side of a plane figure. If the plane figure is square, the linear figure is called a <i>root<i>.</cd> -- <col>Linear problem</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a problem which may be solved geometrically by the use of right lines alone.</cd> -- <col>Linear transformation</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>a change of variables where each variable is replaced by a function of the first degree in the new variable.</cd></cs>

<h1>Linearensate</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>Lin`e*ar*en"sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a sword, but very long and narrow.</def>

<h1>Linearly</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>Lin"e*ar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a linear manner; with lines.</def>

<h1>Linear-shaped</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>Lin"e*ar-shaped`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a linear shape.</def>

<h1>Lineary</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>Lin"e*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Linear.</def>

<i> Holland.</i>

<h1>Lineate, Lineated</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw><hw>Lin"e*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lin"e*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lineatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>lineare</ets> to reduce to a straight line, fr. <ets>linea</ets> line.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Marked with lines.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Marked longitudinally with depressed parallel lines; <as>as, a <ex>lineate</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Lineation</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>Lin`e*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lineatio</ets> the drawing of a line, fr. <ets>lineare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Delineation; a line or lines.</def>

<h1>Lineature</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>Lin"e*a*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything having outline.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><-- sic -->

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Lineman</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>Line"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Linemen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who carried the line in surveying, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A man employed to examine the rails of a railroad to see if they are in good condition; also, a man employed to repair telegraph lines.</def><-- or telephone, or power lines.  also, linesman -->

<-- 3. (Football) A player whose position is in the first (forward) line, as opposed to a "back". spec: center, guard, tackle.

   4. A  (Colloq.) A ladies' man who is especially adept at inventing effective introductory phrases (pick-up lines) to gain a woman's attention -->

<h1>Linen</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>Lin"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE., fr. <ets>lin</ets> linen. See <er>Linen</er>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b>]</ety> <def>Made of linen; <as>as, <ex>linen</ex> cloth; a <ex>linen</ex> stocking.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling linen cloth; white; pale.</def>

<h1>Linen</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>Lin"en</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prop. an adj. from OE. <ets>lin</ets>. flax, AS. <ets>l\'c6n</ets> flax, whence <ets>l\'c6nen</ets> made of flax; akin to OS., Icel., & MHG. <ets>l\'c6n</ets> flax and linen, G. <ets>lein</ets>, <ets>leinen</ets>, linen, Sw. <ets>lin</ets> flax, Goth. <ets>lein</ets> linen, L. <ets>linum</ets> flax, linen, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Line</er>, <er>Linseed</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Thread or cloth made of flax or (rarely) of hemp; -- used in a general sense to include cambric, shirting, sheeting, towels, tablecloths, etc.</def> "In <i>linen</i> white as milk."

<i>Robert of Brunne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Underclothing, esp. the shirt, as being, in former times, chiefly made of linen.</def>

<-- 3. pl. bed linens -->

<cs><col>Linen draper</col>, <cd>a dealer in linen.</cd> -- <col>Linen prover</col>, <cd>a small microscope for counting the threads in a given space in linen fabrics.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Linen scroll</col>, <col>Linen pattern</col></mcol> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an ornament for filling panels, copied from the folds of a piece of stuff symmetrically disposed.</cd></cs>
<-- bed linens, sheets and pillowcases for a bed. -->

<h1>Linener</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>Lin"en*er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dealer in linen; a linen draper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lineolate</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>Lin"e*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lineola</ets>, dim. of <ets>linea</ets> line.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Marked with little lines.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Marked longitudinally with fine lines.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Liner</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>Lin"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who lines, <as>as, a <ex>liner</ex> of shoes</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vessel belonging to a regular line of packets; also, a line-of-battle ship; a ship of the line.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A thin piece placed between two parts to hold or adjust them, fill a space, etc., ; a shim.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>A lining within the cylinder, in which the piston works and between which and the outer shell of the cylinder a space is left to form a steam jacket.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A slab on which small pieces of marble, tile, etc., are fastened for grinding.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>A ball which, when struck, flies through the air in a nearly straight line not far from the ground.</def><-- = line drive, also (Coloq.) clothesliner -->

<h1>-ling</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>-ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[AS. <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <def>A noun suffix, commonly having a <i>diminutive</i> or a <i>depreciatory</i> force; as in duck<i>-ling</i>, dos<i>ling</i>, hire<i>ling</i>, foster<i>ling</i>, first<i>ling</i>, under<i>ling</i>.</def>

<h1>-ling</h1>
<Xpage=856>

<hw>-ling</hw><def>. An adverbial suffix; <as>as, dark<ex>ling</ex>, flat<ex>ling</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Ling</h1>
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<hw>Ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lenge</ets>; akin to D. <ets>leng</ets>, G. <ets>l\'84nge</ets>, Dan. <ets>lange</ets>, Sw. <ets>l<?/nga</ets>, Icel. <ets>langa</ets>. So named from its being <ets>long</ets>. See <er>Long</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A large, marine, gadoid fish (<spn>Molva vulgaris</spn>) of Northern Europe and Greenland. It is valued as a food fish and is largely salted and dried. Called also <altname>drizzle</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The burbot of Lake Ontario.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An American hake of the genus <spn>Phycis</spn>.</def> <mark>[Canada]</mark> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A New Zealand food fish of the genus <spn>Genypterus</spn>. The name is also locally applied to other fishes, as the cultus cod, the mutton fish, and the cobia.</def>

<h1>Ling</h1>
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<hw>Ling</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>lyng</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>lyng</ets>, Sw. <ets>ljung</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Heather (<spn>Calluna vulgaris</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>Ling honey</col>, <cd>a sort of wild honey, made from the flowers of the heather.</cd></cs>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Linga, Lingam</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lin"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lin"gam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>linga</ets>.]</ety> <def>The phallic symbol under which Siva is principally worshiped in his character of the creative and reproductive power.</def>

<i>Whitworth. E. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Ling-bird</h1>
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<hw>Ling"-bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European meadow pipit; -- called also <spn>titling</spn>.</def>

<h1>Lingel</h1>
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<hw>Lin"gel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ligneul</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>linea</ets> a linen thread.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shoemaker's thread.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A little tongue or thong of leather; a lacing for belts.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Lingence</h1>
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<hw>Lin"gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lingere</ets> to lick.]</ety> <def>A linctus.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Linger</h1>
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<hw>Lin"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. &  p. p.</tt> <er>Lingered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lingering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>lengen</ets> to tarry, AS. <ets>lengan</ets> to prolong, put off, fr. <ets>lang</ets> long. <?/. See <er>Long</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To delay; to loiter; to remain or wait long; to be slow or reluctant in parting or moving; to be slow in deciding; to be in suspense; to hesitate.</def>

<blockquote>Nor cast one longing, <b>lingering</b> look behind.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Perhaps thou <b>linger'st</b>, in deep thoughts detained.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To loiter; lag; saunter; delay; tarry; stop; hesitate.</syn>

<h1>Linger</h1>
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<hw>Lin"ger</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To protract; to draw out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She <b>lingers</b> my desires.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To spend or pass in lingering manner; -- with <i>out</i>; <as>as, to <ex>linger</ex> out one's days on a sick bed</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Lingerer</h1>
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<hw>Lin"ger*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lingers.</def>

<i>Guardian.</i>

<h1>Lingering</h1>
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<hw>Lin"ger*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Delaying.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Drawn out in time; remaining long; protracted; <as>as, a <ex>lingering</ex> disease</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To die is the fate of man; but to die with <b>lingering</b> anguish is generally his folly.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lingeringly</h1>
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<hw>Lin"ger*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With delay; slowly; tediously.</def>

<h1>Linget</h1>
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<hw>Lin"get</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lingot</ets>, perh. fr. L. <ets>lingua</ets> tongue (see <er>Tongue</er>). Cf. <er>Ingot</er>.]</ety> <def>An ingot.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lingot</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Lingism</h1>
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<hw>Ling"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mode of treating certain diseases, as obesity, by gymnastics; -- proposed by Pehr Henrik <i>Ling</i>, a Swede. See <er>Kinesiatrics</er>.</def>

<h1>Lingle</h1>
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<hw>Lin"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lingel</er>.</def>

<h1>Lingo</h1>
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<hw>Lin"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lingua</ets> tongue, language. See <er>Lingual</er>.]</ety> <def>Language; speech; dialect.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Lingoa wood</h1>
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<hw>Lin*go"a wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. Amboyna wood.</def>

<h1>Lingot</h1>
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<hw>Lin"got</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A linget or ingot; also, a mold for casting metals. See <er>Linget</er>.</def>

<h1>Lingua</h1>
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<hw>Lin"gua</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lingu\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., the tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tongue.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A median process of the labium, at the under side of the mouth in insects, and serving as a tongue.</def>

<h1>Linguacious</h1>
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<hw>Lin*gua"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>linguax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, loquacious, fr. <ets>lingua</ets> tongue.]</ety> <def>Given to the use of the tongue; loquacious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Linguadental</h1>
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<hw>Lin`gua*den"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lingua</ets> tongue + E. <ets>dental</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>Formed or uttered by the joint use of the tongue and teeth, or rather that part of the gum just above the front teeth; dentolingual, as the letters <i>d</i> and <i>t</i>.</def>

<h1>Linguadental</h1>
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<hw>Lin`gua*den"tal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>An articulation pronounced by the aid or use of the tongue and teeth.</def>

<h1>Lingua Franca</h1>
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<hw>Lin"gua Fran"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[It., prop., language of the Franks.]</ety> <def>The commercial language of the Levant, -- a mixture of the language of the people of the region and foreign traders.</def>

<h1>Lingual</h1>
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<hw>Lin"gual</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lingua</ets> tongue: cf. F. <ets>lingual</ets>. See <er>Tongue</er>, and cf. <er>Language</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the tongue; uttered by the aid of the tongue; glossal; <as>as, the <ex>lingual</ex> nerves; a <ex>lingual</ex> letter.</as></def>

<cs><col>Lingual ribbon</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Odontophore</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lingual</h1>
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<hw>Lin"gual</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A consonant sound formed by the aid of the tongue; -- a term especially applied to certain articulations (as those of <i>t</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>th</i>, and <i>n</i>) and to the letters denoting them.</def>

<note>&hand; In Sanskrit grammar certain letters, as <i>t</i>, <i>th</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>dh</i>, <i>n</i>, are called linguals, cerebrals, or cacuminals. They are uttered with the tip of the tongue turned up and drawn back into the dome of the palate.</note>

<h1>Linguality</h1>
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<hw>Lin*gual"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being lingual.</def>

<h1>Linguatulida</h1>
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<hw>Lin`gua*tu"li*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>lingua</ets> tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Linguatulina</er>.</def>

<h1>Linguatulina</h1>
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<hw>Lin*guat`*u*li"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>lingua</ets> tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of wormlike, degraded, parasitic arachnids. They have two pairs of retractile hooks, near the mouth. Called also <altname>Pentastomida</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The adults of some species inhabit the nostrils and nasal sinuses of dogs and other carnivores. The young, after being swallowed by sheep, rabbits, etc., find their way to the lungs and liver and become encysted. These, when eaten by carnivores, develop into the adult forms.</note>

<h1>Linguidental</h1>
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<hw>Lin`gui*den"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Linguadental.</def>

<h1>Linguiform</h1>
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<hw>Lin"gui*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lingua</ets> tongue + <ets>-form</ets>:  cf. F.  <ets>linguiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of the tongue; tongue-shaped.</def>

<h1>Linguist</h1>
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<hw>Lin"guist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lingua</ets> tongue, speech, language: cf. F.  <ets>linguiste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A master of the use of language; a talker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I'll dispute with him;
He's a rare <b>linguist</b>.
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person skilled in languages.</def>

<blockquote>There too were Gibbon, the greatest historian, and Jones, the greatest <b>linguist</b>, of the age.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Linguistic, Linguistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lin*guis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lin*guis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>linguistique.</ets>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to language; relating to linguistics, or to the affinities of languages.</def>

<h1>Linguistically</h1>
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<hw>Lin*guis"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a linguistic manner; from the point of view of a linguist.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<h1>Linguistics</h1>
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<hw>Lin*guis"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>linguistique</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of languages, or of the origin, signification, and application of words; glossology.</def>

<h1>Lingula</h1>
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<hw>Lin"gu*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-l\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a little tongue.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A tonguelike process or part.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of brachiopod shells belonging to the genus <spn>Lingula</spn>, and related genera. See <er>Brachiopoda</er>, and <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<cs><col>Lingula flags</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a group of strata in the lower Silurian or Cambrian system of Wales, in which some of the layers contain vast numbers of a species of Lingula.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lingulate</h1>
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<hw>Lin"gu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lingulatus</ets>, fr. <ets>lingula</ets> a little tongue. Cf. <er>Ligulate</er>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like the tongue or a strap; ligulate.</def>

<h1>Linigerous</h1>
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<hw>Li*nig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>linum</ets> flax + <ets>-gerous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing flax; producing linen.</def>

<h1>Liniment</h1>
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<hw>Lin"i*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>linimentum</ets>, fr. <ets>linire</ets>, <ets>linere</ets>, to besmear, anoint : cf. F. <ets>liniment</ets>. Cf. <er>Letter</er>, <er>Lime</er> a viscous substance.]</ety> <def>A liquid or semiliquid preparation of a consistence thinner than an ointment, applied to the skin by friction, esp. one used as a sedative or a stimulant.</def>

<h1>Lining</h1>
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<hw>Lin"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Line</er> to cover the in side.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who lines; the act or process of making lines, or of inserting a lining.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which covers the inner surface of anything, as of a garment or a box; also, the contents of anything.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>lining</b> of his coffers shall make coats
To deck our soldiers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Link</h1>
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<hw>Link</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. corrupted from <ets>lint</ets> and this for <ets>lunt</ets> a torch, match, D. <ets>lont</ets> match; akin to G. <ets>lunte</ets>, cf. MHG. <ets>l\'81nden</ets> to burn. Cf. <er>Lunt</er>, <er>Linstock</er>.]</ety> <def>A torch made of tow and pitch, or the like.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Link</h1>
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<hw>Link</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>linke</ets>, AS. <ets>hlence</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>l\'84nk</ets> ring of a chain, Dan. <ets>l\'91nke</ets> chain, Icel. <ets>hlekkr</ets>; cf. G. <ets>gelenk</ets> joint, link, ring of a chain, <ets>lenken</ets> to bend.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A single ring or division of a chain.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Anything, whether material or not, which binds together, or connects, separate things; a part of a connected series; a tie; a bond.</def> "<i>Links</i> of iron." <i>Shak</i>.

<hr>
<page="857">
Page 857<p>

<blockquote>The <b>link</b> of brotherhood, by which
One common Maker bound me to the kind.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And so by double <b>links</b> enchained themselves in lover's life.
<i>Gascoigne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything doubled and closed like a link; <as>as, a <ex>link</ex> of horsehair</as>.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Kinematics)</fld> <def>Any one of the several elementary pieces of a mechanism, as the fixed frame, or a rod, wheel, mass of confined liquid, etc., by which relative motion of other parts is produced and constrained.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>Any intermediate rod or piece for transmitting force or motion, especially a short connecting rod with a bearing at each end; specifically <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, the slotted bar, or connecting piece, to the opposite ends of which the eccentric rods are jointed, and by means of which the movement of the valve is varied, in a <i>link motion</i>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Surveying)</fld> <def>The length of one joint of Gunter's chain, being the hundredth part of it, or 7.92 inches, the chain being 66 feet in length. Cf. <er>Chain</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bond of affinity, or a unit of valence between atoms; -- applied to a unit of chemical force or attraction.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Sausages; -- because linked together.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<-- 9. pl. A golf course. -->

<h1>Link</h1>
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<hw>Link</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Linked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Linking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To connect or unite with a link or as with a link; to join; to attach; to unite; to couple.</def>

<blockquote>All the tribes and nations that composed it [the Roman Empire] were <b>linked</b> together, not only by the same laws and the same government, but by all the facilities of commodious intercourse, and of frequent communication.
<i>Eustace.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Link</h1>
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<hw>Link</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be connected.</def>

<blockquote>No one generation could <b>link</b> with the other.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Linkage</h1>
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<hw>Link"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of linking; the state of being linked; also, a system of links.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Manner of linking or of being linked; -- said of the union of atoms or radicals in the molecule.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A system of straight lines or bars, fastened together by joins, and having certain of their points fixed in a plane. It is used to describe straight lines and curves in the plane.</def>

<h1>Linkboy, Linkman</h1>
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<hw><hw>Link"boy`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Link"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Link</er>.]</ety> <def>A boy or man that carried a link or torch to light passengers.</def><-- sic -->

<h1>Link motion</h1>
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<hw>Link" mo"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>A valve gear, consisting of two eccentrics with their rods, giving motion to a slide valve by an adjustable connecting bar, called the <i>link</i>, in such a way that the motion of the engine can be reversed, or the cut-off varied, at will; -- used very generally in locomotives and marine engines.</def>

<note>&hand; The illustration shows a link motion for a vertical engine, <iref>c</iref> representing the shaft carrying two eccentrics, <iref>a</iref> and <iref>b</iref>, for making the engine run forward and backward, respectively, their rods <iref>e</iref> and <iref>d</iref> being jointed to opposite ends of the slotted link <iref>f</iref>, in the opening of which is a pin <iref>g</iref> which is attached to the valve rod <iref>h</iref>. The valve will receive the motion of the forward eccentric when is in the position shown, and the motion of the backward eccentric when the link is shifted so far to the right as to bring <iref>e</iref> in line with <iref>h</iref>, or a compound motion derived from both eccentrics when the link is shifted to intermediate positions, the compound motion causing the valve to cut off the steam at a point determined by the position to which the link may have been shifted.</note>

<h1>Linkwork</h1>
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<hw>Link"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fabric consisting of links made of metal or other material fastened together; also, a chain.</def>

<blockquote>And thou shalt make hooks of gold, and two chains of fine gold; <b>linkwork</b> and wreathed.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mechanism in which links, or intermediate connecting pieces, are employed to transmit motion from one part to another.</def>

<h1>Linn\'91a borealis</h1>
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<hw>Lin*n\'91"a bo`re*a"lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[NL.<ets>Linnaeus</ets> Linn\'91an + L. <ets>borealis</ets> northern.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The twin flower which grows in cold northern climates.</def>

<h1>Linn\'91an, Linnean</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lin*n\'91"an</hw>, <hw>Lin*ne"an</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to <i>Linn\'91us</i>, the celebrated Swedish botanist.</def>

<cs><col>Linnaean system</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the system in which the classes are founded mainly upon the stamens, and the orders upon the pistils; the artificial or sexual system.</cd></cs>

<h1>Linn\'91ite</h1>
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<hw>Lin*n\'91"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Linn\'91an</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of pale steel-gray color and metallic luster, occurring in isometric crystals, and also massive. It is a sulphide of cobalt containing some nickel or copper.</def>

<h1>Linne</h1>
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<hw>Linne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Flax. See <er>Linen</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Linnet</h1>
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<hw>Lin"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>linot</ets>, <ets>linotte</ets>, from L. <ets>linum</ets> flax; or perh. shortened from AS.<ets>l\'c6netwige</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>l\'c6n</ets> flax; -- so called because it feeds on the seeds of flax and hemp. See <er>Linen</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of fringilline birds of the genera <spn>Linota</spn>, <spn>Acanthis</spn>, and allied genera, esp. the common European species (<spn>L. cannabina</spn>), which, in full summer plumage, is chestnut brown above, with the breast more or less crimson. The feathers of its head are grayish brown, tipped with crimson. Called also <altname>gray linnet</altname>, <altname>red linnet</altname>, <altname>rose linnet</altname>, <altname>brown linnet</altname>, <altname>lintie</altname>, <altname>lintwhite</altname>, <altname>gorse thatcher</altname>, <altname>linnet finch</altname>, and <altname>greater redpoll</altname>. The American redpoll linnet (<spn>Acanthis linaria</spn>) often has the crown and throat rosy. See <er>Redpoll</er>, and <er>Twite</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Green linnet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European green finch.</cd></cs>

<h1>Linoleate</h1>
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<hw>Li*no"le*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of linoleic acid.</def>

<h1>Linoleic</h1>
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<hw>Li*no"le*ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, linoleum, or linseed oil; specifically <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, designating an organic acid, a thin yellow oil, found combined as a salt of glycerin in oils of linseed, poppy, hemp, and certain nuts.</def>

<h1>Linoleum</h1>
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<hw>Li*no"le*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lin</ets>um flax + <ets>oleum</ets> oil.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Linseed oil brought to various degrees of hardness by some oxidizing process, as by exposure to heated air, or by treatment with chloride of sulphur. In this condition it is used for many of the purposes to which India rubber has been applied.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of floor cloth made by laying hardened linseed oil mixed with ground cork on a canvas backing.</def>

<h1>Linoxin</h1>
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<hw>Li*nox"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lino</ets>leic + <ets>ox</ets>ygen.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A resinous substance obtained as an oxidation product of linoleic acid.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>linoxyn</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Linsang</h1>
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<hw>Lin*sang"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any viverrine mammal of the genus <spn>Prionodon</spn>, inhabiting the East Indies and Southern Asia. The common East Indian linsang (<spn>P. gracilis</spn>) is white, crossed by broad, black bands. The Guinea linsang (<spn>Porana Richardsonii</spn>) is brown with black spots.</def>

<h1>Linseed</h1>
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<hw>Lin"seed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lin</ets> flax + <ets>seed</ets>. See <er>Linen</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The seeds of flax, from which linseed oil is obtained.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lintseed</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Linseed cake</col>, <cd>the solid mass or cake which remains when oil is expressed.</cd> -- <col>Linseed meal</col>, <cd>linseed cake reduced to powder.</cd> -- <col>Linseed oil</col>, <cd>oil obtained by pressure from flaxseed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Linsey</h1>
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<hw>Lin"sey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Linen</er>.]</ety> <def>Linsey-woolsey.</def>

<h1>Linsey-woolsey</h1>
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<hw>Lin"sey-wool"sey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cloth made of linen and wool, mixed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Jargon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Linsey-woolsey</h1>
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<hw>Lin"sey-wool"sey</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of linen and wool; hence, of different and unsuitable parts; mean.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Linstock</h1>
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<hw>Lin"stock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupt. fr. <ets>luntstock</ets>, D. <ets>lonistok</ets>; <ets>lont</ets> lunt + <ets>stok</ets> stock, stick. See <er>Link</er> a torch, <er>Lunt</er>, and <er>Stock</er>.]</ety> <def>A pointed forked staff, shod with iron at the foot, to hold a lighted match for firing cannon.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lintstock</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Lint</h1>
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<hw>Lint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>l\'c6net</ets> flax, hemp, fr. <ets>l\'c6n</ets> flax; or, perh. borrowed fr. L. <ets>linteum</ets> a linen cloth, linen, from <ets>linteus</ets> linen, a., fr. <ets>lineum</ets> flax, lint. See <er>Linen</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Flax.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Linen scraped or otherwise made into a soft, downy or fleecy substance for dressing wounds and sores; also, fine ravelings, down, fluff, or loose short fibers from yarn or fabrics.</def>

<cs><col>Lint doctor</col> <fld>(Calico-printing Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a scraper to remove lint from a printing cylinder.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lintel</h1>
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<hw>Lin"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lintel</ets>, F. <ets>linteau</ets>, LL. <ets>lintellus</ets>, for <ets>limitellus</ets>, a dim. fr. L. <ets>limes</ets> limit. See <er>Limit</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A horizontal member spanning an opening, and carrying the superincumbent weight by means of its strength in resisting crosswise fracture.</def>

<h1>Lintie, Lintwhite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lin"tie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lint"white`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>l\'c6netwige</ets>. See <er>Linnet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Linnet</er>.</def>

<i> Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Lintseed</h1>
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<hw>Lint"seed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Linseed</er>.</def>

<h1>Linum</h1>
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<hw>Li"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., flax.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbaceous plants including the flax (<spn>Linum usitatissimum</spn>).</def>

<h1>Lion</h1>
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<hw>Li"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lion</ets>, L. <ets>leo</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Chameleon</er>, <er>Dandelion</er>, <er>Leopard</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large carnivorous feline mammal (<spn>Felis leo</spn>), found in Southern Asia and in most parts of Africa, distinct varieties occurring in the different countries. The adult male, in most varieties, has a thick mane of long shaggy hair that adds to his apparent size, which is less than that of the largest tigers. The length, however, is sometimes eleven feet to the base of the tail. The color is a tawny yellow or yellowish brown; the mane is darker, and the terminal tuft of the tail is black. In one variety, called the <stype>maneless lion</stype>, the male has only a slight mane.</def><-- now Panthera leo -->

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A sign and a constellation; Leo.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An object of interest and curiosity, especially a person who is so regarded; <as>as, he was quite a <ex>lion</ex> in London at that time</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Such society was far more enjoyable than that of Edinburgh, for here he was not a <b>lion</b>, but a man.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>American lion</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the puma or cougar.</cd> -- <col>Lion ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the ant-lion.</cd> -- <col>Lion dog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fancy dog with a flowing mane, usually clipped to resemble a lion's mane.</cd> -- <col>Lion lizard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the basilisk.</cd> -- <col>Lion's share</col>, <cd>all, or nearly all; the best or largest part; -- from \'92sop's fable of the lion hunting in company with certain smaller beasts, and appropriating to himself all the prey.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lionced</h1>
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<hw>Li"onced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Adorned with lions heads; having arms terminating in lions' heads; -- said of a cross.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>leonced</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Lioncel</h1>
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<hw>Li"on*cel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE., F. <ets>lionceau</ets>, dim. of <ets>lion</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A small lion, especially one of several borne in the same coat of arms.</def>

<h1>Lionel</h1>
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<hw>Li"on*el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF., dim. of <ets>lion</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The whelp of a lioness; a young lion.</def>

<h1>Lioness</h1>
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<hw>Li"on*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>lionesse</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A female lion.</def>

<h1>Lionet</h1>
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<hw>Li"on*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF., dim. of <ets>lion</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young or small lion.</def>

<h1>Lion-heart</h1>
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<hw>Li"on-heart`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A very brave person.</def>

<h1>Lion-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Li"on-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Very brave; brave and magnanimous.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Lionhood</h1>
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<hw>Li"on*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being a lion.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Lionism</h1>
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<hw>Li"on*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An attracting of attention, as a lion; also, the treating or regarding as a lion.</def>

<h1>Lionize</h1>
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<hw>Li"on*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. &  p. p.</tt> <er>Lionized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lionizing</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To treat or regard as a lion or object of great interest.</def>

<i> J. D. Forbes.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To show the lions or objects of interest to; to conduct about among objects of interest.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Lionlike</h1>
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<hw>Li"on*like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a lion; brave as a lion.</def>

<h1>Lionly</h1>
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<hw>Li"on*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a lion; fierce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Lion's ear</h1>
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<hw>Li"on's ear`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given in Western South America to certain plants with shaggy tomentose leaves, as species of <spn>Culcitium</spn>, and <spn>Espeletia</spn>.</def>

<h1>Lion's foot</h1>
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<hw>Li"on's foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def> A composite plant of the genus <spn>Prenanthes</spn>, of which several species are found in the United States.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The edelweiss.</def>

<h1>Lionship</h1>
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<hw>Li"on*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a lion.</def>

<h1>Lion's leaf</h1>
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<hw>Li"on's leaf`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A South European plant of the genus <spn>Leontice</spn> (<spn>L. leontopetalum</spn>), the tuberous roots of which contain so much alkali that they are sometimes used as a substitute for soap.</def>

<h1>Lion's tail</h1>
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<hw>Li"on's tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of labiate plants (<spn>Leonurus</spn>); -- so called from a fancied resemblance of its flower spikes to the tuft of a lion's tail. <spn>L. Cardiaca</spn> is the common <stype>motherwort</stype>.</def>

<h1>Lion's tooth</h1>
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<hw>Li"on's tooth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lions' teeth</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Leontodon</er>.</def>

<h1>Lip</h1>
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<hw>Lip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lippe</ets>, AS. <ets>lippa</ets>; akin to D. <ets>lip</ets>, G. <ets>lippe</ets>, <ets>lefze</ets>, OHG. <ets>lefs</ets>, Dan. <ets>l\'91be</ets>, Sw. <ets>l\'84pp</ets>, L. <ets>labium</ets>, <ets>labrum</ets>. Cf. <er>Labial</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the two fleshy folds which surround the orifice of the mouth in man and many other animals. In man the lips are organs of speech essential to certain articulations. Hence, by a figure they denote the mouth, or all the organs of speech, and sometimes speech itself.</def>

<blockquote>Thine own <b>lips</b> testify against thee.
<i>Jeb xv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An edge of an opening; a thin projecting part of anything; a kind of short open spout; <as>as, the <ex>lip</ex> of a vessel</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The sharp cutting edge on the end of an auger.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the two opposite divisions of a labiate corolla.</def> (b) <def>The odd and peculiar petal in the <spn>Orchis</spn> family. See <er>Orchidaceous</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the edges of the aperture of a univalve shell.</def>

<cs><col>Lip bit</col>, <cd>a pod auger. See <er>Auger</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lip comfort</col>, <cd>comfort that is given with words only.</cd> -- <col>Lip comforter</col>, <cd>one who comforts with words only.</cd> -- <col>Lip labor</col>, <cd>unfelt or insincere speech; hypocrisy. <i>Bale</i>.</cd> -- <col>Lip reading</col>, <cd>the catching of the words or meaning of one speaking by watching the motion of his lips without hearing his voice. <i>Carpenter</i>.</cd> -- <col>Lip salve</col>, <cd>a salve for sore lips.</cd> -- <col>Lip service</col>, <cd>expression by the lips of obedience and devotion without the performance of acts suitable to such sentiments.</cd> -- <col>Lip wisdom</col>, <cd>wise talk without practice, or unsupported by experience.</cd> -- <col>Lip work</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Talk</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Kissing</cd>. <mark>[Humorous]</mark> <i>B. Jonson</i>.</cd> -- <col>Lip make a lip</col>, <cd>to drop the under lip in sullenness or contempt. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To shoot out the lip</col> <fld>(Script.)</fld>, <cd>to show contempt by protruding the lip.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lip</h1>
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<hw>Lip</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. &  p. p.</tt> <er>Lipped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lipping</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To touch with the lips; to put the lips to; hence, to kiss.</def>

<blockquote>The bubble on the wine which breaks
Before you <b>lip</b> the glass.
<i>Praed.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A hand that kings
Have <b>lipped</b> and trembled kissing.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To utter; to speak.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Lip</h1>
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<hw>Lip</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To clip; to trim.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Lip\'91mia</h1>
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<hw>Li*p\'91"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ fat + <?/ blood.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition in which fat occurs in the blood.</def>

<h1>Lipans</h1>
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<hw>Li*pans"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Lipan</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of North American Inedians, inhabiting the northern part of Mexico. They belong to the Tinneh stock, and are closely related to the Apaches.</def>

<h1>Liparian</h1>
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<hw>Li*pa"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of a family (<spn>Liparid\'91</spn>) of destructive bombycid moths, as the tussock moths.</def>

<h1>Liparite</h1>
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<hw>Lip"a*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from <ets>Lipari</ets>, the island.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A quartzose trachyte; rhyolite.</def>

<h1>Lipic</h1>
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<hw>Lip"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fat.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, fat. The word was formerly used specifically to designate a supposed acid obtained by the oxidation of oleic acid, tallow, wax, etc.</def>

<hr>
<page="858">
Page 858<p>

<h1>Lipinic</h1>
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<hw>Li*pin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Lipic.</def>

<h1>Lipless</h1>
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<hw>Lip"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt><def>, Having no lips.</def>

<h1>Liplet</h1>
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<hw>Lip"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little lip.</def>

<h1>Lipocephala</h1>
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<hw>Lip`o*ceph"a*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to be lacking + <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Lamellibranchia</er>.</def>

<h1>Lipochrin</h1>
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<hw>Lip"o*chrin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fat + <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow coloring matter, soluble in ether, contained in the small round fat drops in the retinal epithelium cells. It is best obtained from the eyes of frogs.</def>

<h1>Lipogram</h1>
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<hw>Lip"o*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, to leave, omit + gram.]</ety> <def>A writing composed of words not having a certain letters; -- as in the Odyssey of Tryphiodorus there was no A in the first book, no B in the second, and so on.</def>

<h1>Lipogrammatic</h1>
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<hw>Lip"o*gram*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>lipogrammatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Omitting a letter; composed of words not having a certain letter or letters; <as>as, <ex>lipogrammatic</ex> writings</as>.</def>

<h1>Lipogrammatist</h1>
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<hw>Lip`o*gram"ma*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lipogrammatiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who makes a lipogram.</def>

<h1>Lipoma</h1>
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<hw>Li*po"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ fat + <ets>-oma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A tumor consisting of fat or adipose tissue.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Li*pom"a*tous</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lipothymic</h1>
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<hw>Li`po*thym"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. , <?/.]</ety> <def>Tending to swoon; fainting.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>leipothymic</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Lipothymous</h1>
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<hw>Li*poth"y*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to leave, to lack + <?/ soul, life.]</ety> <def>Pertaining, or given, to swooning; fainting.</def>

<h1>Lipothymy</h1>
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<hw>Li*poth"y*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>lipothymie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fainting; a swoon.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Lipped</h1>
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<hw>Lipped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a lip or lips; having a raised or rounded edge resembling the lip; -- often used in composition; <as>as, thick<ex>-lipped</ex>, thin<ex>-lipped</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Labiate.</def>

<h1>Lippitude</h1>
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<hw>Lip"pi*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lippitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>lippus</ets> blear-eyed: cf. F. <ets>lippitude</ets>.]</ety> <def>Soreness of eyes; the state of being blear-eyes; blearedness.</def>

<h1>Lipse</h1>
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<hw>Lipse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lisp.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lipyl</h1>
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<hw>Lip"yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fat + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hypothetical radical of glycerin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Berzelius.</i>

<h1>Liquable</h1>
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<hw>Liq"ua*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[l. <ets>liquabilis</ets>. See <er>Liquate</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Capable of being melted.</def>

<h1>Liquate</h1>
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<hw>Li"quate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>liquatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>liquare</ets> to melt.]</ety> <def>To melt; to become liquid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Liquate</h1>
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<hw>Li"quate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>To separate by fusion, as a more fusible from a less fusible material.</def>

<h1>Liquation</h1>
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<hw>Li*qua"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>liquatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>liquation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or operation of making or becoming liquid; also, the capacity of becoming liquid.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The process of separating, by heat, an easily fusible metal from one less fusible; eliquation.</def>

<h1>Liquefacient</h1>
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<hw>Liq`ue*fa"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>liquefaciens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>liquefacere</ets>. See <er>Liquefy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which serves to liquefy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An agent, as mercury, iodine, etc., which promotes the liquefying processes of the system, and increases the secretions.</def>

<h1>Liquefaction</h1>
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<hw>Liq`ue*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>liquefactio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>liqu\'82faction</ets>. See <er>Liquefy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or operation of making or becoming liquid; especially, the conversion of a solid into a liquid by the sole agency of heat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being liquid.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem. Physics)</fld> <def>The act, process, or method, of reducing a gas or vapor to a liquid by cold or pressure; <as>as, the <ex>liquefaction</ex> of oxygen or hydrogen</as>.</def>

<h1>Liquefiable</h1>
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<hw>Liq"ue*fi`a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>liqu\'82fiable</ets>. See <er>Liquefy</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being changed from a solid to a liquid state.</def>

<h1>Liquefier</h1>
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<hw>Liq"ue*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which liquefies.</def>

<h1>Liquefy</h1>
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<hw>Liq"ue*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Liquefied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Liquefying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>liqu\'82fier</ets>, L. <ets>liquere</ets> to be liquid + <ets>facere</ets>, <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.), to make. See <er>Liquid</er>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>To convert from a solid form to that of a liquid; to melt; to dissolve; and technically, to melt by the sole agency of heat.</def>

<h1>Liquefy</h1>
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<hw>Liq"ue*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become liquid.</def>

<h1>Liquescency</h1>
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<hw>Li*ques"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Liquescent</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being liquescent.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Liquescent</h1>
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<hw>Li*ques"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>liquescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>liquescere</ets> to become liquid, incho. fr. <ets>liquere</ets> to be liquid.]</ety> <def>Tending to become liquid; inclined to melt to melt; melting.</def>

<h1>Liqueur</h1>
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<hw>Li`queur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Liquor</er>.]</ety> <def>An aromatic alcoholic cordial.</def>

<note>&hand; Some <i>liqueurs</i> are prepared by infusing certain woods, fruits, or flowers, in either water or alcohol, and adding sugar, etc. Others are distilled from aromatic or flavoring agents.</note>

<h1>Liquid</h1>
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<hw>Liq"uid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>liquidus</ets>, fr. <ets>liquere</ets> to be fluid or liquid; cf. Skr. <ets>r\'c6</ets> to <ets>ooze</ets>, drop, <ets>l\'c6</ets> to melt.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Flowing freely like water; fluid; not solid.</def>

<blockquote>Yes, though he go upon the plane and <b>liquid</b> water which will receive no step.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Being in such a state that the component parts move among themselves, but do not tend to separate from each other as the particles of gases and vapors do; neither solid nor a\'89riform; <as>as, <ex>liquid</ex> mercury, in distinction from mercury solidified or in a state of vapor</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Flowing or sounding smoothly or without abrupt transitions or harsh tones.</def> "<i>Liquid</i> melody."

<i>Crashaw.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Pronounced without any jar or harshness; smooth; <as>as, <ex>l</ex> and <ex>r</ex> are <ex>liquid</ex> letters</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Fluid and transparent; <as>as, the <ex>liquid</ex> air</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Clear; definite in terms or amount.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Though the debt should be entirely <i>liquid</i>."

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<-- 7. (Finance) the quality of being readily convertible to cash. -- said of assets, such as common stocks or bonds, tradable on a major stock exchange -->

<cs><col>Liquid glass</col>. <cd>See <cref>Soluble glass</cref>, under <er>Glass</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Liquid</h1>
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<hw>Liq"uid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A substance whose parts change their relative position on the slightest pressure, and therefore retain no definite form; any substance in the state of liquidity; a fluid that is not a\'89riform.</def>
<-- needs a better definition: e.g. a fluid with a definite volume, but whose shape is determined by the container in which it is contained.  Liquids, in contrast to gases, cannot expand indefinitely to fill an expanding container, and are only slightly compressible by application of pressure. -->

<note>&hand; <i>Liquid</i> and <i>fluid</i> are terms often used synonymously, but <i>fluid</i> has the broader signification. All liquids are fluids, but many fluids, as air and the gases, are not liquids.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>A letter which has a smooth, flowing sound, or which flows smoothly after a mute; <as>as, <ex>l</ex> and <ex>r</ex>, in <ex>bla</ex>, <ex>bra</ex></as>. <i>M</i> and <i>n</i> also are called <i>liquids</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Liquid measure</col>, <cd>a measure, or system of measuring, for liquids, by the gallon, quart, pint, gill, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Liquidambar</h1>
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<hw>Liq"uid*am`bar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Liquid</ets> + <ets>amber</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus consisting of two species of tall trees having star-shaped leaves, and woody burlike fruit. <spn>Liquidambar styraciflua</spn> is the North American <i>sweet qum</i>, and <spn>L. Orientalis</spn> is found in Asia Minor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The balsamic juice which is obtained from these trees by incision. The liquid balsam of the Oriental tree is <i>liquid storax</i>.</def>

<h1>Liquidamber</h1>
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<hw>Liq"uid*am`ber</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Liquidambar</er>.</def>

<h1>Liquidate</h1>
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<hw>Liq"ui*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Liquidated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Liquidating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>liquidatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>liquidate</ets> to liquidate, fr. L. <ets>liquidus</ets> liquid, clear. See <er>Liquid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To determine by agreement or by litigation the precise amount of (indebtedness); or, where there is an indebtedness to more than one person, to determine the precise amount of (each indebtedness); to make the amount of (an indebtedness); clear and certain.</def>

<blockquote>A debt or demand is <b>liquidated</b> whenever the amount due is agreed on by the parties, or fixed by the operation of law.
<i>15 Ga. Rep. 821.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If our epistolary accounts were fairly <b>liquidated</b>, I believe you would be brought in considerable debtor.
<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In an extended sense: To ascertain the amount, or the several amounts, of , and apply assets toward the discharge of (an indebtedness).</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To discharge; to pay off, as an indebtedness.</def>

<blockquote>Friburg was ceded to Zurich by Sigismund to <b>liquidate</b> a debt of a thousand florins.
<i>W. Coxe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make clear and intelligible.</def>

<blockquote>Time only can <b>liquidate</b> the meaning of all parts of a compound system.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To make liquid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Liquidated damages</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>damages the amount of which is fixed or ascertained.</cd></cs>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Liquidation</h1>
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<hw>Liq`ui*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>liquidation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of liquidating; the state of being liquidated.</def>

<cs><col>To go into liquidation</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to turn over to a trustee one's assets and accounts, in order that the several amounts of one's indebtedness be authoritatively ascertained, and that the assets may be applied toward their discharge.</cd></cs>

<h1>Liquidator</h1>
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<hw>Liq"ui*da`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>liquidateur</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, liquidates.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An officer appointed to conduct the winding up of a company, to bring and defend actions and suits in its name, and to do all necessary acts on behalf of the company.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Mozley & W. </i>

<h1>Liquidity</h1>
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<hw>Li*quid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>liquiditas</ets>, fr. <ets>liquidus</ets> liquid: cf. F.  <ets>liquidit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being liquid.</def>

<-- (Finance) the quality of being readily convertible to cash. -->

<h1>Liquidize</h1>
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<hw>Liq"uid*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Liquidized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Liquidizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To render liquid.</def>

<h1>Liquidly</h1>
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<hw>Liq"uid*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a liquid manner; flowingly.</def>

<h1>Liquidness</h1>
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<hw>Liq"uid*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being liquid; liquidity; fluency.</def>

<h1>Liquor</h1>
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<hw>Liq"uor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>licour</ets>, <ets>licur</ets>, OF. <ets>licur</ets>, F. <ets>liqueur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>liquor</ets>, fr. <ets>liquere</ets> to be liquid. See <er>Liquid</er>, and cf. <er>Liqueur</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any liquid substance, as water, milk, blood, sap, juice, or the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, alcoholic or spirituous fluid, either distilled or fermented, as brandy, wine, whisky, beer, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Pharm.)</fld> <def>A solution of a medicinal substance in water; -- distinguished from <i>tincture</i> and <i>aqua</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; The U. S. Pharmacopoeia includes, in this class of preparations, all <i>aqueous</i> solutions without sugar, in which the substance acted on is wholly soluble in water, excluding those in which the dissolved matter is gaseous or very volatile, as in the aqu\'91 or waters.</note>

<i>U. S. Disp.</i>

<cs><col>Labarraque's liquor</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a solution of an alkaline hypochlorite, as sodium hypochlorite, used in bleaching and as a disinfectant.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Liquor of flints</col>, &or; <col>Liquor silicum</col></mcol> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>soluble glass; -- so called because formerly made from powdered flints. See <cref>Soluble glass</cref>, under <er>Glass</er>.</cd> -- <col>Liquor of Libavius</col>. <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Fuming liquor of Libavius</cref>, under <er>Fuming</er>.</cd> -- <col>Liquor sanguinis</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the blood plasma.</cd> -- <col>Liquor thief</col>, <cd>a tube for taking samples of liquor from a cask through the bung hole.</cd> -- <col>To be in liquor</col>, <cd>to be intoxicated.</cd></cs>

<h1>Liquor</h1>
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<hw>Liq"uor</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Liquored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Liquoring</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To supply with liquor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote><b>Liquor</b> fishermen's boots.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<-- liquored up. intoxicated by liquor -->

<h1>Liquorice</h1>
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<hw>Liq"uor*ice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Licorice</er>.</def>

<h1>Liquorish</h1>
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<hw>Liq"uor*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Lickerish</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Liquorous</h1>
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<hw>Liq"uor*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Eagerly desirous. See <er>Lickerish</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Lira</h1>
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<hw>Li"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> ; <plu>pl. <plw>Lire</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It., fr. L. <ets>libra</ets> the Roman pound. Cf. <er>Livre</er>.]</ety> <def>An Italian coin equivalent in value to the French franc.</def>

<h1>Lirella</h1>
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<hw>Li*rel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., dim. of L.<ets>lira</ets> a furrow.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A linear apothecium furrowed along the middle; the fruit of certain lichens.</def>

<h1>Lirelliform</h1>
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<hw>Li*rel"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lirella</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Like a lirella.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lirell\'91form</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Liriodendron</h1>
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<hw>Lir`i*o*den"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Liriodendra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ lily + <?/ tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of large and very beautiful trees of North America, having smooth, shining leaves, and handsome, tuliplike flowers; tulip tree; whitewood; -- called also <altname>canoewood</altname>. <spn>Liriodendron tulipifera</spn> is the only extant species, but there were several others in the Cretaceous epoch.</def>

<h1>Liripipe</h1>
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<hw>Lir"i*pipe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Liripoop</er>.</def>

<h1>Liripoop</h1>
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<hw>Lir"i*poop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>liripipion</ets>, <ets>liripion</ets>, LL. <ets>liripipium</ets>. Said to be corrupted from L. <ets>cleri ephippium</ets>, lit., the clergy's caparison.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pendent part of the old clerical tippet; afterwards, a tippet; a scarf; -- worn also by doctors, learned men, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Acuteness; smartness; also, a smart trick or stratagem.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Stanihurst.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A silly person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>liripoop</b>, vel <b>lerripoop</b>, a silly, empty creature; an old dotard.
<i>Milles. MS. Devon Gloss.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Liroconite</h1>
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<hw>Li*roc"o*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ pale + <?/ power.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrated arseniate of copper, occurring in obtuse pyramidal crystals of a sky-blue or verdigris-green color.</def>

<h1>Lisbon</h1>
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<hw>Lis"bon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sweet, light-colored species of wine, produced in the province of Estremadura, and so called as being shipped from Lisbon, in Portugal.</def>

<h1>Lisle</h1>
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<hw>Lisle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A city of France celebrated for certain manufactures.</def>

<cs><col>Lisle glove</col>, <cd>a fine summer glove, made of Lisle thread.</cd> -- <col>Lisle lace</col>, <cd>a fine handmade lace, made at Lisle.</cd> -- <col>Lisle thread</col>, <cd>a hard twisted cotton thread, originally produced at Lisle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lisne</h1>
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<hw>Lisne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>lissen</ets>, <ets>lisne</ets>, a cleft in a rock.]</ety> <def>A cavity or hollow.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Lisp</h1>
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<hw>Lisp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lisped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lisping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>lispen</ets>, <ets>lipsen</ets>, AS. <ets>wlisp</ets> stammering, lisping; akin to D. & OHG. <ets>lispen</ets> to lisp, G. <ets>lispeln</ets>, Sw. <ets>l\'84spa</ets>, Dan. <ets>lespe</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pronounce the sibilant letter <i>s</i> imperfectly; to give <i>s</i> and <i>z</i> the sound of <i>th</i>; -- a defect common among children.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To speak with imperfect articulation; to mispronounce, as a child learning to talk.</def>

<blockquote>As yet a child, nor yet a fool to fame,
I <b>lisped</b> in numbers came.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To speak hesitatingly with a low voice, as if afraid.</def>

<blockquote>Lest when my <b>lisping</b>, guilty tongue should halt.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lisp</h1>
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<hw>Lisp</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pronounce with a lisp.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To utter with imperfect articulation; to express with words pronounced imperfectly or indistinctly, as a child speaks; hence, to express by the use of simple, childlike language.</def>

<blockquote>To speak unto them after their own capacity, and to <b>lisp</b>e words unto them according as the babes and children of that age might sound them again.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To speak with reserve or concealment; to utter timidly or confidentially; <as>as, to <ex>lisp</ex> treason</as>.</def>

<h1>Lisp</h1>
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<hw>Lisp</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The habit or act of lisping. See <er>Lisp</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, 1.</def>

<blockquote>I overheard her answer, with a very pretty <b>lisp</b>, "O! Strephon, you are a dangerous creature."

<i>Tatler.</i>

<h1>Lisper</h1>
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<hw>Lisp"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lisps.</def>

<h1>Lispingly</h1>
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<hw>Lisp"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With a lisp; in a lisping manner.</def>

<h1>Liss</h1>
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<hw>Liss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>liss</ets>.]</ety> <def>Release; remission; ease; relief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Of penance had a <i>lisse</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Liss</h1>
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<hw>Liss</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>lissan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To free, as from care or pain; to relieve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Lissed</i> of his care."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lissencephala</h1>
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<hw>Lis`sen*ceph"a*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ smooth + <?/ the brain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A general name for all those placental mammals that have a brain with few or no cerebral convolutions, as Rodentia, Insectivora, etc.</def>

<h1>Lissom, Lissome</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lis"som</hw>, <hw>Lis"some</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>lithesome</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Limber; supple; flexible; lithe; lithesome.</def>

<blockquote>Straight, but as <b>lissome</b> as a hazel wand.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Light; nimble; active.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Lis"some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>List</h1>
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<hw>List</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lice</ets>, LL. <ets>liciae</ets>, pl., from L. <ets>licium</ets> thread, girdle.]</ety> <def>A line inclosing or forming the extremity of a piece of ground, or field of combat; hence, in the plural (<i>lists</i>), the ground or field inclosed for a race or combat.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>In measured <b>lists</b> to toss the weighty lance.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To enter the lists</col>, <cd>to accept a challenge, or engage in contest.</cd></cs>

<h1>List</h1>
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<hw>List</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inclose for combat; <as>as, to <ex>list</ex> a field</as>.</def>

<h1>List</h1>
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<hw>List</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Listen</er>.]</ety> <def>To hearken; to attend; to listen. <mark>[Obs. except in poetry.]</mark>

<blockquote>Stand close, and <b>list</b> to him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>List</h1>
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<hw>List</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To listen or hearken to.</def>

<blockquote>Then weigh what loss your honor may sustain,
If with too credent ear you <b>list</b> his songs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>List</h1>
<Xpage=858>

<hw>List</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>listen</ets>, <ets>lusten</ets>, AS. <ets>lystan</ets>, from <ets>lust</ets> pleasure. See Lust.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To desire or choose; to please.</def>

<blockquote>The wind bloweth where it <b>listeth</b>.
<i>John iii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Them that add to the Word of God what them <b>listeth</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let other men think of your devices as they <b>list</b>.
<i>Whitgift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To lean; to incline; <as>as, the ship <ex>lists</ex> to port</as>.</def>

<h1>List</h1>
<Xpage=858>

<hw>List</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclination; desire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An inclination to one side; <as>as, the ship has a <ex>list</ex> to starboard</as>.</def>

<h1>List</h1>
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<hw>List</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>l\'c6st</ets> a list of cloth; akin to D. <ets>lijst</ets>, G. <ets>leiste</ets>, OHG. <ets>l\'c6sta</ets>,Icel. <ets>lista</ets>, <ets>listi</ets>, Sw. <ets>list</ets>, Dan. <ets>liste</ets>. In sense 5 from F. <ets>liste</ets>, of German origin, and thus ultimately the same word.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A strip forming the woven border or selvedge of cloth, particularly of broadcloth, and serving to strengthen it; hence, a strip of cloth; a fillet.</def> " Gartered with a red and blue <i>list</i>. "

<hr>
<page="859">
Page 859<p>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A limit or boundary; a border.</def>

<blockquote>The very <b>list</b>, the very utmost bound,
Of all our fortunes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The lobe of the ear; the ear itself.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A stripe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A roll or catalogue, that is row or line; a record of names; <as>as, a <ex>list</ex> of names, books, articles; a <ex>list</ex> of ratable estate.</as></def>

<blockquote>He was the ablest emperor of all the <b>list</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A little square molding; a fillet; -- called also <altname>listel</altname>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A narrow strip of wood, esp. sapwood, cut from the edge of a plank or board.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Rope Making)</fld> <def>A piece of woolen cloth with which the yarns are grasped by a workman.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Tin-plate Manuf.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The first thin coat of tin.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A wirelike rim of tin left on an edge of the plate after it is coated.</def>

<cs><col>Civil list</col> (<mark>Great Britain & U.S.</mark>), <cd>the civil officers of government, as judges, ambassadors, secretaries, etc. Hence, the revenues or appropriations of public money for the support of the civil officers. More recently, the <i>civil list</i>, in England, embraces only the expenses of the reigning monarch's household.</cd> <col>Free list</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A list of articles admitted to a country free of duty</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A list of persons admitted to any entertainment, as a theater or opera, without payment, or to whom a periodical, or the like, is furnished without cost.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Roll; catalogue; register; inventory; schedule.</syn> <usage> -- <er>List</er>, <er>Boll</er>, <er>Catalogue</er>, <er>Register</er>, <er>Inventory</er>, <er>Schedule</er>. A<i>list</i> is properly a simple series of names, etc., in a brief form, such as might naturally be entered in a narrow strip of paper. A <i>roll</i> was originally a list containing the names of persons belonging to a public body (as Parliament, etc.), which was <i>rolled</i> up and laid aside among its archives. A <i>catalogue</i> is a list of persons or things arranged in order, and usually containing some description of the same, more or less extended. A <i>register</i> is designed for record or preservation. An <i>inventory</i> is a list of articles, found on hand in a store of goods, or in the estate of a deceased person, or under similar circumstances. A <i>schedule</i> is a formal list or inventory prepared for legal or business purposes.</usage>

<h1>List</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>List</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Listed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Listing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <ets>list</ets> a roll.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sew together, as strips of cloth, so as to make a show of colors, or form a border.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover with list, or with strips of cloth; to put list on; <as>as, to <ex>list</ex> a door</as>; to stripe as if with list.</def>

<blockquote>The tree that stood white-<b>listed</b> through the gloom.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To enroll; to place or register in a list.</def>

<blockquote><b>Listed</b> among the upper serving men.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To engage, as a soldier; to enlist.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>list</b> you for my soldier.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>To cut away a narrow strip, as of sapwood, from the edge of; <as>as, to <ex>list</ex> a board</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To list a stock</col> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld>, <cd>to put it in the list of stocks called at the meeting of the board.</cd></cs><-- to put it on a list of stocks which may be traded on a specific stock exchange -->

<h1>List</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>List</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To engage in public service by enrolling one's name; to enlist.</def>

<h1>Listel</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>List"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>listel</ets>, dim. of <ets>liste</ets> fillet, list. See <er>List</er> the edge.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>List</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 6.</def>

<h1>Listen</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lis"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Listened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Listening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>listnen</ets>, <ets>listen</ets>, <ets>lustnen</ets>, <ets>lusten</ets>, AS. <ets>hlystan</ets>; akin to <ets>hlyst</ets> hearing, OS. <ets>hlust</ets>, Icel. <ets>hlusta</ets> to listen, <ets>hlust</ets> ear, AS. <ets>hlosnian</ets> to wait in suspense, OHG. <ets>hlos\'c7n</ets> to listen, Gr. <?/, and E. <ets>loud</ets>. &root;41. See <er>Loud</er>, and cf. <er>List</er> to listen.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give close attention with the purpose of hearing; to give ear; to hearken; to attend.</def>

<blockquote>When we have occasion to <b>listen</b>, and give a more particular attention to same sound, the tympanum is drawn to a more than ordinary tension.
<i>Holder.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give heed; to yield to advice; to follow admonition; to obey.</def>

<blockquote><b>Listen</b> to me, and by me be ruled.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To listen after</col>, <cd>to take an interest in. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote>Soldiers note forts, armories, and magazines; scholars <b>listen after</b> libraries, disputations, and professors.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To attend; hearken. See <er>Attend</er>.</syn>

<h1>Listen</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lis"ten</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To attend to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Listener</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lis"ten*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who listens; a hearkener.</def>

<h1>Lister</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>List"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes a list or roll.</def>

<h1>Lister</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lis"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Leister</er>.</def>

<h1>Listerian</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lis*te"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to listerism.</def>

<h1>Listerism</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lis"ter*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The systematic use of antiseptics in the performance of operations and the treatment of wounds; -- so called from Joseph <i>Lister</i>, an English surgeon.</def>

<h1>Listful</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>List"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Attentive</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Listing</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>List"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of one who lists (in any sense of the verb); <as>as, the <ex>listing</ex> of a door; the <ex>listing</ex> of a stock at the Stock Exchange.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The selvedge of cloth; list.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>The sapwood cut from the edge of a board.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>The throwing up of the soil into ridges, -- a method adopted in the culture of beets and some garden crops.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Listless</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>List"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>listles</ets>, <ets>lustles</ets>. See <er>Lust</er>.]</ety> <def>Having no desire or inclination; indifferent; heedless; spiritless.</def> " A <i>listless</i> unconcern."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<blockquote>Benumbed with cold, and <b>listless</b> of their gain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I was <b>listless</b>, and desponding.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Heedless; careless; indifferent; vacant; uninterested; languid; spiritless; supine; indolent.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>List"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>List"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lit</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, a form of the <i>imp. & p. p.</i> of <er>Light</er>.</def>

<h1>Litany</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit"a*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Litanies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>letanie</ets>, OF. <ets>letanie</ets>, F. <ets>litanie</ets>, L. <ets>litania</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to pray, akin to <?/, <?/, to pray, <?/ prayer.]</ety> <def>A solemn form of supplication in the public worship of various churches, in which the clergy and congregation join, the former leading and the latter responding in alternate sentences. It is usually of a penitential character.</def>

<blockquote>Supplications . . . for the appeasing of God's wrath were of the Greek church termed <b>litanies</b>, and rogations of the Latin.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Litarge</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit"arge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Litharge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Litchi</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Li"tchi`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit of a tree native to China (<spn>Nephelium Litchi</spn>). It is nutlike, having a rough but tender shell, containing an aromatic pulp, and a single large seed. In the dried fruit which is exported the pulp somewhat resembles a raisin in color and form.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lichi</asp>, and <asp>lychee</asp>.]</altsp>

-- <wordforms><wf>lite</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>. See -<er>lith</er>.</wordforms>

<h1>Lite</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <tt>adv., & n.</tt> <def>Little.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Liter, Litre</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw><hw>Li"ter</hw>, <hw>Li"tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>litre</ets>, Gr. <?/ a silver coin.]</ety> <def>A measure of capacity in the metric system, being a cubic decimeter, equal to 61.022 cubic inches, or 2.113 American pints, or 1.76 English pints.</def>

<h1>Literacy</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit"er*a*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being literate.</def>

<h1>Literal</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lit\'82ral</ets>, <ets>litt\'82ral</ets>, L. <ets>litteralis</ets>, <ets>literalis</ets>, fr. <ets>littera</ets>, <ets>litera</ets>, a letter. See <er>Letter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>According to the letter or verbal expression; real; not figurative or metaphorical; <as>as, the <ex>literal</ex> meaning of a phrase</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It hath but one simple <b>literal</b> sense whose light the owls can not abide.
<i>Tyndale</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Following the letter or exact words; not free.</def>

<blockquote>A middle course between the rigor of <b>literal</b> translations and the liberty of paraphrasts.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Consisting of, or expressed by, letters.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>literal</b> notation of numbers was known to Europeans before the ciphers.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Giving a strict or literal construction; unimaginative; matter-of fast; -- applied to persons.</def>

<cs><col>Literal contract</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>contract of which the whole evidence is given in writing. <i>Bouvier</i>.</cd> -- <col>Literal equation</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>an equation in which known quantities are expressed either wholly or in part by means of letters; -- distinguished from a <i>numerical equation<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Literal</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit"er*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Literal meaning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Sir T. Browne</i>.

<h1>Literalism</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit"er*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which accords with the letter; a mode of interpreting literally; adherence to the letter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The tendency or disposition to represent objects faithfully, without abstraction, conventionalities, or idealization.</def>

<h1>Literalist</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit"er*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adheres to the letter or exact word; an interpreter according to the letter.</def>

<h1>Literalty</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit`er*al"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>litt\'82ralit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being literal.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Literalization</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit`er*al*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of literalizing; reduction to a literal meaning.</def>

<h1>Literalize</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit"er*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Literalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Literalizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make literal; to interpret or put in practice according to the strict meaning of the words; -- opposed to <i>spiritualize</i>; <as>as, to <ex>literalize</ex> Scripture</as>.</def>

<h1>Literalizer</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit"er*al*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A literalist.</def>

<h1>Literally</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit"er*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>According to the primary and natural import of words; not figuratively; <as>as, a man and his wife can not be <ex>literally</ex> one flesh</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With close adherence to words; word by word.</def>

<blockquote>So wild and ungovernable a poet can not be translated <b>literally</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Literalness</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit"er*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being literal; literal import</def>.

<h1>Literary</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit"er*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>litterarius</ets>, <ets>literarius</ets>,fr. <ets>littera</ets>, <ets>litera</ets>, a letter: cf. F. <ets>litt\'82raire</ets>. See <er>Letter</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to letters or literature; pertaining to learning or learned men; <as>as, <ex>literary</ex> fame; a <ex>literary</ex> history; <ex>literary</ex> conversation.</as></def>

<blockquote>He has long outlived his century, the term commonly fixed as the test of <b>literary</b> merit.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Versed in, or acquainted with, literature; occupied with literature as a profession; connected with literature or with men of letters; <as>as, a <ex>literary</ex> man</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In the <b>literary</b> as well as fashionable world.
<i>Mason.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Literary property</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Property which consists in written or printed compositions</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The exclusive right of publication as recognized and limited by law.</cd></cs><--- e.g. a copyright -->

<h1>Literate</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>litteratus</ets>, <ets>literatus</ets>. See <er>Letter</er>.]</ety> <def>Instructed in learning, science, or literature; learned; lettered.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>literate</b> now chose their emperor, as the military chose theirs.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Literate</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit"er*ate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One educated, but not having taken a university degree; especially, such a person who is prepared to take holy orders.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A literary man.</def>

<h1>Literati</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit`e*ra"ti</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Literatus</er>.]</ety> <def>Learned or literary men. See <er>Literatus</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Shakespearean commentators, and other <b>literati</b>.
<i>Craik.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Literatim</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit`e*ra"tim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[LL., fr. L.<ets>litera</ets>, <ets>litera</ets>, letter.]</ety> <def>Letter for letter.</def>

<h1>Literation</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>littera</ets>, <ets>litera</ets>, letter.]</ety> <def>The act or process of representing by letters.</def>

<h1>Literator</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit"er*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>litterator</ets>, <ets>literator</ets>. See <er>Letter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who teaches the letters or elements of knowledge; a petty schoolmaster.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person devoted to the study of literary trifles, esp. trifles belonging to the literature of a former age.</def>

<blockquote>That class of subjects which are interesting to the regular <b>literator</b> or black-letter " bibliomane," simply because they have once been interesting.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A learned person; a literatus.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Literature</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit"er*a*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>litt\'82rature</ets>, L. <ets>litteratura</ets>, <ets>literatura</ets>, learning, grammar, writing, fr.<ets>littera</ets>, <ets>litera</ets>, letter. See <er>Letter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Learning; acquaintance with letters or books.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The collective body of literary productions, embracing the entire results of knowledge and fancy preserved in writing; also, the whole body of literary productions or writings upon a given subject, or in reference to a particular science or branch of knowledge, or of a given country or period; <as>as, the <ex>literature</ex> of Biblical criticism; the <ex>literature</ex> of chemistry.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The class of writings distinguished for beauty of style or expression, as poetry, essays, or history, in distinction from scientific treatises and works which contain positive knowledge; belles-lettres.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The occupation, profession, or business of doing literary work.</def>

<i>Lamp.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Science; learning; erudition; belles-lettres.</syn> <usage> See <er>Science</er>. -- <er>Literature</er>, <er>Learning</er>, <er>Erudition</er>. <i>Literature</i>, in its widest sense, embraces all compositions in writing or print which preserve the results of observation, thought, or fancy; but those upon the positive sciences (mathematics, etc.) are usually excluded. It is often confined, however, to <i>belles-lettres</i>, or works of taste and sentiment, as poetry, eloquence, history, etc., excluding abstract discussions and mere erudition. A man of <i>literature</i> (in this narrowest sense) is one who is versed in <i>belles-lettres</i>; a man of <i>learning</i> excels in what is taught in the schools, and has a wide extent of knowledge, especially, in respect to the past; a man of <i>erudition</i> is one who is skilled in the more recondite branches of learned inquiry.</usage>

<blockquote>The origin of all positive science and philosophy, as well as of all <b>literature</b> and art, in the forms in which they exist in civilized Europe, must be traced to the Greeks.
<i>Sir G. Lewis.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Learning</b> thy talent is, but mine is sense.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some gentlemen, abounding in their university <b>erudition</b>, fill their sermons with philosophical terms.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Literatus</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lit`e*ra"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Literati</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>litteratus</ets>, <ets>literatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A learned man; a man acquainted with literature; -- chiefly used in the <i>plural</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Now we are to consider that our bright ideal of a <b>literatus</b> may chance to be maimed.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>-lith, -lite</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw><hw>-lith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>-lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw> <def>Combining forms fr. Gr. <grk>li`qos</grk> a <i>stone</i>; -- used chiefly in naming minerals and rocks.</def>

<h1>Lith</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>3d pers. sing. pres.</tt> of <er>Lie</er>, to recline, for <i>lieth</i>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lith</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>li<?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>A joint or limb; a division; a member; a part formed by growth, and articulated to, or symmetrical with, other parts.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lith\'91mia</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Li*th\'91"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ stone + <?/ blood.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition in which uric (lithic) acid is present in the blood.</def>

<h1>Lithagogue</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lith"a*gogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ stone + <?/ leading.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine having, or supposed to have, the power of expelling calculous matter with the urine.</def>

<i>Hooper.</i>

<h1>Litharge</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lith"arge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>litarge</ets>, F. <ets>litharge</ets>, L. <ets>lithargyrus</ets>, Gr. <?/ the scum or foam of silver; <?/ stone + <?/ silver. Litharge is found in silverbearing lead ore.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Lead monoxide; a yellowish red substance, obtained as an amorphous powder, or crystallized in fine scales, by heating lead moderately in a current of air or by calcining lead nitrate or carbonate. It is used in making flint glass, in glazing earthenware, in making red lead minium, etc. Called also <altname>massicot</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lithargyrum</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Li*thar"gy*rum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Litharge</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Crystallized litharge, obtained by fusion in the form of fine yellow scales.</def>

<h1>Lithate</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lith"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Old Med. Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of lithic or uric acid; a urate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lithiate</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Lithe</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lithe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & i.</tt> <ety>[Icel <?/. See <er>Listen</er>.]</ety> <def>To listen or listen to; to hearken to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>P. Plowman.</i>

<h1>Lithe</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lithe</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <?/, for <?/ tender, mild, gentle; akin to G. <ets>lind</ets>, <ets>gelind</ets>, OHG. <ets>lindi</ets>, Icel. <ets>linr</ets>, L. <ets>lenis</ets> soft, mild, <ets>lentus</ets> flexible, and AS. <ets>linnan</ets> to yield. Cf. <er>Lenient</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mild; calm; <as>as, <ex>lithe</ex> weather</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being easily bent; pliant; flexible; limber; <as>as, the elephant's <ex>lithe</ex> proboscis</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Lithe</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lithe</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <?/. See <er>Lithe</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To smooth; to soften; to palliate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lithely</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lithe"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lithe, pliant, or flexible manner.</def>

<h1>Litheness</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lithe"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being lithe; flexibility; limberness.</def>

<h1>Lither</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Li"ther</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <?/ bad, wicked.]</ety> <def>Bad; wicked; false; worthless; slothful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Not <b>lither</b> in business, fervent in spirit.
<i>Bp. Woolton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Professor Skeat thinks " the <i>lither</i> sky" as found in Shakespeare's Henry VI. ((Part I. IY. YII., 21) means the stagnant or pestilential sky.</note>

-- <wordforms><wf>Li"ther*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>. -- <wf>Li"ther*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Litherly</h1>
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<hw>Li"ther*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Crafty; cunning; mischievous; wicked; treacherous; lazy.</def><mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>He [the dwarf] was waspish, arch, and <b>litherly</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lithesome</h1>
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<hw>Lithe"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lithe</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Lissom</er>.]</ety> <def>Pliant; limber; flexible; supple; nimble; lissom.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Lithe"some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lithia</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lith"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ stone.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The oxide of lithium; a strong alkaline caustic similar to potash and soda, but weaker. See <er>Lithium</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Lithia emerald</col>. <cd>See <er>Hiddenite</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lithiasis</h1>
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<hw>Li*thi"a*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ stone.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The formation of stony concretions or calculi in any part of the body, especially in the bladder and urinary passages.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Lithic</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lith"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of or belonging to stones, fr. <?/ stone: cf. F. <ets>lithique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to stone; <as>as, <ex>lithic</ex> architecture</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the formation of uric-acid concretions (stone) in the bladder and other parts of the body; <as>as, <ex>lithic</ex> diathesis</as>.</def>

<cs><col>LIthic acid</col> <fld>(Old Med. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>uric acid. See <cref>Uric acid</cref>, under <er>Uric</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lithic</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lith"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine which tends to prevent stone in the bladder.</def>

<h1>Lithic</h1>
<Xpage=859>

<hw>Lith"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lithium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to or denoting lithium or some of its compounds.</def>

<i>Frankland.</i>

<h1>Lithiophilite</h1>
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<hw>Lith`i*oph"i*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lithium</ets> + Gr. <?/ friend.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A phosphate of manganese and lithium; a variety of triphylite.</def>

<hr>
<page="860">
Page 860<p>

<h1>Lithium</h1>
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<hw>Lith"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr.<?/ of stone, fr. <?/ stone.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A metallic element of the alkaline group, occurring in several minerals, as petalite, spodumene, lepidolite, triphylite, etc., and otherwise widely disseminated, though in small quantities.</def>

<note>&hand; When isolated it is a soft, silver white metal, tarnishing and oxidizing very rapidly in the air. It is the lightest solid element known, specific gravity being 0.59. Symbol Li. Atomic weight 7.0 So called from having been discovered in a mineral.</note>

<h1>Litho</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith"o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <def>A combining form from Gr. <?/, <i>stone</i>.</def>

<h1>Lithobilic</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith`o*bil"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho</ets> + <ets>bile</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to or designating an organic acid of the tartaric acid series, distinct from lithofellic acid, but, like it, obtained from certain bile products, as bezoar stones.</def>

<h1>Lithocarp</h1>
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<hw>Lith"o*carp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit: cf. F. <ets>lithocarpe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Fossil fruit; a fruit petrified; a carpolite.</def>

<h1>Lithochromatics</h1>
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<hw>Lith`o*chro*mat"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lithochromics</er>.</def>

<h1>Lithochromics</h1>
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<hw>Lith`o*chro"mics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ color.]</ety> <def>The art of printing colored pictures on canvas from oil paintings on stone.</def>

<h1>Lithoclast</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith"o*clast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to break.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument for crushing stones in the bladder.</def>

<h1>Lithocyst</h1>
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<hw>Lith"o*cyst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + <ets>cyst</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sac containing small, calcareous concretions (<i>otoliths</i>). They are found in many Medus\'91, and other invertebrates, and are supposed to be auditory organs.</def>

<h1>Lithodome</h1>
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<hw>Lith"o*dome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ house: cf. F. <ets>lithodome</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of bivalves, which form holes in limestone, in which they live; esp., any species of the genus <spn>Lithodomus</spn>.</def>

<h1>Lithodomous</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Li*thod"o*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or pertaining to, Lithodomus; lithophagous.</def>

<h1>Lithodomus</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Li*thod"o*mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Lithodome</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of elongated bivalve shells, allied to the mussels, and remarkable for their ability to bore holes for shelter, in solid limestone, shells, etc. Called also <altname>Lithophagus</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; These holes are at first very small and shallow, but are enlarged with the growth of the shell, sometimes becoming two or three inches deep and nearly an inch diameter.</note>

<h1>Lithofellic</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith"o*fel"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + L. <ets>fel</ets>, <ets>fellis</ets>, gall.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a crystalline, organic acid, resembling cholic acid, found in the biliary intestinal concretions (bezoar stones) common in certain species of antelope.</def>

<h1>Lithofracteur</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith`o*frac"teur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <?/ stone + L. <ets>frangere</ets>, <ets>fractum</ets>, to break.]</ety> <def>An explosive compound of nitroglycerin. See <er>Nitroglycerin</er>.</def>

<h1>Lithogenesy</h1>
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<hw>Lith`o*gen"e*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> Gr. <?/ origin, generation: cf. F. <ets>lithog\'82n\'82sie</ets>. See <er>Genesis</er>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine or science of the origin of the minerals composing the globe.</def>

<h1>Lithogenous</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Li*thog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Stone-producing; -- said of polyps which form coral.</def>

<h1>Lithoglyph</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith"o*glyph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ stone + <?/ to engrave.]</ety> <def>An engraving on a gem.</def>

<h1>Lithoglypher</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Li*thog"ly*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who curs or engraves precious stones.</def>

<h1>Lithoglyphic</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith`o*glyph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the art of cutting and engraving precious stones.</def>

<h1>Lithoglyptics</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith`o*glyp"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of cutting and engraving gems.</def>

<h1>Lithograph</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lithographed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lithographing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lithographier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To trace on stone by the process of lithography so as to transfer the design to paper by printing; <as>as, to <ex>lithograph</ex> a design; to <ex>lithograph</ex> a painting. See <er>Lithography</er>.</as></def>

<h1>Lithograph</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith"o*graph</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A print made by lithography.</def>

<h1>Lithographer</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Li*thog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lithographs; one who practices lithography.</def>

<h1>Lithographic, Lithographical</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw><hw>Lith`o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lith`o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lithographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to lithography; made by lithography; <as>as, the <ex>lithographic</ex> art; a <ex>lithographic</ex> picture.</as></def>

<cs><col>Lithographic limestone</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a compact, fine-grained limestone, obtained largely from the Lias and O\'94lite, esp. of Bavaria, and extensively used in lithography.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Lith`o*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lithography</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Li*thog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lithographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or process of putting designs or writing, with a greasy material, on stone, and of producing printed impressions therefrom. The process depends, in the main, upon the antipathy between grease and water, which prevents a printing ink containing oil from adhering to wetted parts of the stone not covered by the design. See <cref>Lithographic limestone</cref>, under <er>Lithographic</er>.</def><-- now used for a similar process using any flat surface, such as a metal plate, for a similar purpose. (b) The process of producing patterns on semiconductor crystals by exposing photosensitive coatings on a matrix, such as silicon, to light patterns in the form desired for the circuit, and subsequently treating (e.g., chemically) the patterns thus formed in such a way as to create integrated semiconductor circuits with the desired properties.  This is the principle method  (1990's) to create the high-density integrated circuits used in the digital computers on which you are reading this. -->

<h1>Lithoid Lithoidal</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw><hw>Lith"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <hw>Li*thoid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>litho\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like a stone; having a stony structure.</def>

<h1>Litholatry</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Li*thol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ worship.]</ety> <def>The worship of a stone or stones.</def>

<h1>Lithologic, Lithological</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw><hw>Lith`o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lith`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lithologique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the character of a rock, as derived from the nature and mode of aggregation of its mineral contents.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to lithology.</def>

<h1>Lithologically</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith`o*log"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>From a lithological point of view; <as>as, to consider a stratum <ex>lithologically</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Lithologist</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Li*thol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is skilled in lithology.</def>

<h1>Lithology</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Li*thol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lithologie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science which treats of rocks, as regards their mineral constitution and classification, and their mode of occurrence in nature.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A treatise on stones found in the body.</def>

<h1>Lithomancy</h1>
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<hw>Lith"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lithomancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of stones.</def>

<h1>Lithomarge</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith"o*marge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + L. <ets>marga</ets> marl.]</ety> <def>A clay of a fine smooth texture, and very sectile.</def>

<h1>Lithonthriptic, Lithonthryptic</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw><hw>Lith`on*thrip"tic</hw>, <hw>Lith`on*thryp"tic</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to crush.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Lithontriptic</er>.</def>

<h1>Lithontriptic</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith`on*trip"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, acc. <?/, a stone + <?/ to rub, grind: cf. F. <ets>lithontriptique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having the quality of, or used for, dissolving or destroying stone in the bladder or kidneys; <as>as, <ex>lithontriptic</ex> forc\'82ps</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A lithontriptic remedy or agent, as distilled water.</def></def2>

<h1>Lithontriptist</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith"on*trip"tist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Lithotriptist</er>.</def>

<h1>Lithontriptor</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith"on*trip`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lithotriptor</er>.</def>

<h1>Lithophagous</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Li*thoph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Eating or swallowing stones or gravel, as the ostrich.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Eating or destroying stone; -- applied to various animals which make burrows in stone, as many bivalve mollusks, certain sponges, annelids, and sea urchins. See <er>Lithodomus</er>.</def>

<h1>Lithophane</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith`o*phane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to show, reveal.]</ety> <def>Porcelain impressed with figures which are made distinct by transmitted light, -- as when hung in a window, or used as a lamp shade.</def>

<h1>Lithophosphor</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith"o*phos`phor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + <ets>phosphor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A stone that becomes phosphoric by heat.</def>

<h1>Lithophosphoric</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith`o*phos*phor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to lithophosphor; becoming phosphoric by heat.</def>

<h1>Lithophotography</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith`o*pho*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + <ets>photography</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Photolithography</er>.</def>

<h1>Lithophyll</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith"o*phyll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a stone + <?/ a leaf: cf. F. <ets>lithophylle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fossil leaf or impression of a leaf.</def>

<h1>Lithophyse</h1>
<Xpage=860>

<hw>Lith"o*physe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a flatus, air bubble.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A spherulitic cavity often with concentric chambers, observed in some volcanic rocks, as in rhyolitic lavas. It is supposed to be produced by expanding gas, whence the name.</def>

<h1>Lithophyte</h1>
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<hw>Lith"o*phyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ plant: cf. F. <ets>lithophyte</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hard, or stony, plantlike organism, as the gorgonians, corals, and corallines, esp. those gorgonians having a calcareous axis. All the lithophytes except the corallines are animals.</def>

<h1>Lithophytic</h1>
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<hw>Lith`o*phyt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to lithophytes.</def>

<h1>Lithophytous</h1>
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<hw>Li*thoph"y*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lithophytic.</def>

<h1>Lithosian</h1>
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<hw>Li*tho"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From NL. <ets>Lithosia</ets>, the typical genus, fr. Gr. <?/ a stone, a rock.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of various species of moths belonging to the family <i>Lithosid\'91</i>. Many of them are beautifully colored.</def>

<h1>Lithotint</h1>
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<hw>Lith"o*tint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + <ets>tint</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of lithography by which the effect of a tinted drawing is produced, as if made with India ink.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A picture produced by this process.</def>

<h1>Lithotome</h1>
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<hw>Lith"o*tome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cutting stones; <?/ stone + <?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>lithotome</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A stone so formed by nature as to appear as if cut by art.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument used for cutting the bladder in operations for the stone.</def>

<h1>Lithotomic, Lithotomical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lith`o*tom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lith`o*tom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ stone cutting: cf. F. <ets>lithotomique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or performed by, lithotomy.</def>

<h1>Lithotomist</h1>
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<hw>Li*thot"o*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lithotomiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who performs the operation of cutting for stone in the bladder, or one who is skilled in the operation.</def>

<h1>Lithotomy</h1>
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<hw>Li*thot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lithotomia</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>lithotomie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation, art, or practice of cutting for stone in the bladder.</def>

<h1>Lithotripsy</h1>
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<hw>Lith"o*trip`sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to rub, grind: cf. F. <ets>lithotripsie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of crushing a stone in the bladder with an instrument called <i>lithotriptor</i> or <i>lithotrite</i>; lithotrity.</def>

<h1>Lithotriptic</h1>
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<hw>Lith`o*trip"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Lithontriptic</er>.</def>

<h1>Lithotriptist</h1>
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<hw>Lith"o*trip`tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in breaking and extracting stone in the bladder.</def>

<h1>Lithotriptor</h1>
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<hw>Lith"o*trip`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument for triturating the stone in the bladder; a lithotrite.</def>

<h1>Lithotrite, Lithotritor</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lith"o*trite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lith"o*tri"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw><ety>[See <er>Lithotrity</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A lithotriptor.</def>

<h1>Lithotritist</h1>
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<hw>Li*thot"ri*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lithotriptist.</def>

<h1>Lithotrity</h1>
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<hw>Li*thot"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + L. <ets>terere</ets>, <ets>tritum</ets>, to rub, grind.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of breaking a stone in the bladder into small pieces capable of being voided.</def><-- = lithotripsy? -->

<h1>Lithotype</h1>
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<hw>Lith"o*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of stereotype plate made by lithotypy; also, that which in printed from it. See <er>Lithotypy</er>.</def>

<h1>Lithotype</h1>
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<hw>Lith"o*type</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lithotyped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lithotyping</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To prepare for printing with plates made by the process of lithotypy. See <er>Lithotypy</er>.</def>

<h1>Lithotypic</h1>
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<hw>Lith`o*typ"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or produced by, lithotypy.</def>

<h1>Lithotypy</h1>
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<hw>Li*thot"y*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + <ets>-typy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or process of making a kind of hard, stereotypeplate, by pressing into a mold, taken from a page of type or other matter, a composition of gum shell-lac and sand of a fine quality, together with a little tar and linseed oil, all in a heated state.</def>

<h1>Lithoxyl</h1>
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<hw>Li*thox`yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>lithoxyle</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[<ets>Litho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ wood: cf. F. <ets>lithoxyle</ets>.]</ety> <def>Petrified wood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lithuanian</h1>
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<hw>Lith`u*a"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Lithuania (formerly a principality united with Poland, but now Russian and Prussian territory).</def><-- after 1992, an independent country. -->

<h1>Lithuanian</h1>
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<hw>Lith`u*a"ni*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native, or one of the people, of Lithuania; also, the language of the Lithuanian people.</def>

<h1>Lithy</h1>
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<hw>Lith"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lithe</er>.]</ety> <def>Easily bent; pliable.</def>

<cs><col>Lithy tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a European shrub (<spn>Viburnum Lantana</spn>); -- so named from its tough and flexible stem.</cd></cs>

<h1>Litigable</h1>
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<hw>Lit"i*ga*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be litigated.</def>

<h1>Litigant</h1>
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<hw>Lit"i*gant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>litigans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>litigare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>litigant</ets>. See <er>Litigate</er>.]</ety> <def>Disposed to litigate; contending in law; engaged in a lawsuit; <as>as, the parties <ex>litigant</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Litigant</h1>
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<hw>Lit"i*gant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person engaged in a lawsuit.</def>

<h1>Litigate</h1>
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<hw>Lit"i*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Litigated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Litigating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Litigation</er>.]</ety> <def>To make the subject of a lawsuit; to contest in law; to prosecute or defend by pleadings, exhibition of evidence, and judicial debate in a court; <as>as, to <ex>litigate</ex> a cause</as>.</def>

<h1>Litigate</h1>
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<hw>Lit"i*gate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To carry on a suit by judicial process.</def>

<h1>Litigation</h1>
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<hw>Lit`i*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>litigatio</ets>, fr. <ets>litigare</ets> to dispute, litigate; <ets>lis</ets>, <ets>litis</ets>, dispute, lawsuit (OL. <ets>stlis</ets>) + <ets>agere</ets> to carry on. See <er>Agent</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of litigating; a suit at law; a judicial contest.</def>

<h1>Litigator</h1>
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<hw>Lit"i*ga`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who litigates.</def>

<h1>Litigious</h1>
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<hw>Li*ti"gious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>litigiosus</ets>, fr. <ets>litigium</ets> dispute, quarrel, fr. <ets>litigare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>litigieux</ets>. See <er>Litigation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclined to judicial contest; given to the practice of contending in law; guarrelsome; contentious; fond of litigation.</def> " A pettifogging attorney or a <i>litigious</i> client."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>Soldiers find wars, and lawyers find out still
<b>Litigious</b> men, who guarrels move.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Subject to contention; disputable; controvertible; debatable; doubtful; precarious.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>No fences, parted fields, nor marks, nor bounds,
Distinguished acres of <b>litigious</b> grounds.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to legal disputes.</def>

<blockquote>Nor brothers cite to the <b>litigious</b> bar.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Litigiously</h1>
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<hw>Li*ti"gious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a litigious manner.</def>

<h1>Litigiousness</h1>
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<hw>Li*ti"gious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being litigious; disposition to engage in or carry on lawsuits.</def>

<h1>Litmus</h1>
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<hw>Lit"mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>lakmoes</ets>; <ets>lak</ets> lacker + <ets>moes</ets> a thick preparation of fruit, pap, prob. akin to E. <ets>meat</ets>: cf. G. <ets>lackmus</ets>. See <er>Lac</er> a resinous substance.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A dyestuff extracted from certain lichens (<spn>Roccella tinctoria</spn>, <spn>Lecanora tartarea</spn>, etc.), as a blue amorphous mass which consists of a compound of the alkaline carbonates with certain coloring matters related to orcin and orcein.</def>

<note>&hand; Litmus is used as a dye, and being turned red by acids and restored to its blue color by alkalies, is a common indicator or test for acidity and alkalinity.</note>

<cs><col>Litmus paper</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>unsized paper saturated with blue or red litmus, -- used in testing for acids or alkalies.</cd></cs>
<-- litmus test, (Fig.) a test for a single factor, which has only two outcomes, positive or negative; (Politics) For voters concerned predominantly by a single issue, the question of whether a candidate is for or against their position on that issue. -->

<h1>Litotes</h1>
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<hw>Li"to*tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, from <?/ plain, simple.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A diminution or softening of statement for the sake of avoiding censure or increasing the effect by contrast with the moderation shown in the form of expression; <as>as, " a citizen of no mean city," that is, of an illustrious city</as>.</def>

<h1>Litraneter</h1>
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<hw>Li*tran"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>li`tra</grk> + <ets>-meter</ets>. See <er>Liter</er>]</ety> <def>An instrument for ascertaining the specific gravity of liquids.</def>

<h1>Litre</h1>
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<hw>Li"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Liter</er>.</def>

<h1>Litter</h1>
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<hw>Lit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>liti\'8are</ets>, LL. <ets>lectaria</ets>, fr. L. <ets>lectus</ets> couch, bed. See <er>Lie</er> to be prostrated, and cf. <er>Coverlet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bed or stretcher so arranged that a person, esp. a sick or wounded person, may be easily carried in or upon it.</def>

<blockquote>There is a <b>litter</b> ready; lay him in 't.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Straw, hay, etc., scattered on a floor, as bedding for animals to rest on; also, a covering of straw for plants.</def>

<blockquote>To crouch in <b>litter</b> of your stable planks.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Take off the <b>litter</b> from your kernel beds.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Things lying scattered about in a manner indicating slovenliness; scattered rubbish.</def>

<blockquote>Strephon, who found the room was void.
Stole in, and took a strict survey
Of all the <b>litter</b> as it lay.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Disorder or untidiness resulting from scattered rubbish, or from thongs lying about uncared for; <as>as, a room in a state of <ex>litter</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The young brought forth at one time, by a sow or other multiparous animal, taken collectively. Also Fig.</def>

<blockquote>A wolf came to a sow, and very kindly offered to take care of her <b>litter</b>.
<i>D. Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Reflect upon numerous <b>litter</b> of strange, senseless opinions that crawl about the world.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Litter</h1>
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<hw>Lit"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Littered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Littering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To supply with litter, as cattle; to cover with litter, as the floor of a stall.</def>

<blockquote>Tell them how they <b>litter</b> their jades.
<i>Bp. Hacke<?/.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For his ease, well <b>littered</b> was the floor.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put into a confused or disordered condition; to strew with scattered articles; <as>as, to <ex>litter</ex> a room</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The room with volumes <b>littered</b> round.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give birth to; to bear; -- said of brutes, esp. those which produce more than one at a birth, and also of human beings, in abhorrence or contempt.</def>

<blockquote>We might conceive that dogs were created blind, because we observe they were <b>littered</b> so with us.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The son that she did <b>litter</b> here,
A freckled whelp hagborn.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="861">
Page 861<p>

<h1>Litter</h1>
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<hw>Lit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be supplied with litter as bedding; to sleep or make one's bed in litter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The inn
Where he and his horse <b>littered</b>.
<i>Habington.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To produce a litter.</def>

<blockquote>A desert . . . where the she-wolf still <b>littered</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Litterateur</h1>
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<hw>Lit`te`ra`teur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>One who occupies himself with literature; a literary man; a literatus.</def> " Befriended by one kind-hearted <i>litt\'82rateur</i> after another."

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Littery</h1>
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<hw>Lit"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered or encumbered with litter; consisting of or constituting litter.</def>

<h1>Little</h1>
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<hw>Lit"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[The regular comparative of this word is wanting, its place being supplied by <it>less</it>, or, rarely, <it>lesser</it>. See <er>Lesser</er>. For the superlative <it>least</it> is used, the regular form, <it>littlest</it>, occurring very rarely, except in some of the English provinces, and occasionally in colloquial language. " Where love is great, the <b>littlest</b> doubts are fear." <i>Shak</i>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>litel</ets>, <ets>lutel</ets>, AS. <ets>l<?/tel</ets>, <ets>l\'c6tel</ets>, <ets>l<?/t</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>littil</ets>, D. <ets>luttel</ets>, LG. <ets>l\'81tt</ets>, OHG. <ets>luzzil</ets>, MHG. <ets>l\'81tzel</ets>; and perh. to AS. <ets>lytig</ets> deceitful, <ets>lot</ets> deceit, Goth. <ets>liuts</ets> deceitful, <ets>lut<?/n</ets> to deceive; cf. also Icel. <ets>l\'c6till</ets> little, Sw. <ets>liten</ets>, Dan. <ets>liden</ets>, <ets>lille</ets>, Goth. <ets>leitils</ets>, which appear to have a different root vowel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Small in size or extent; not big; diminutive; -- opposed to <i>big</i> or <i>large</i>; <as>as, a <ex>little</ex> body; a <ex>little</ex> animal; a <ex>little</ex> piece of ground; a <ex>little</ex> hill; a <ex>little</ex> distance; a <ex>little</ex> child.</as></def>

<blockquote>He sought to see Jesus who he was; and could not for the press, because he was <b>little</b> of stature.
<i>Luke xix. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Short in duration; brief; <as>as, a <ex>little</ex> sleep</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Best him enough: after a <b>little</b> time,
I'll beat him too.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Small in quantity or amount; not much; <as>as, a <ex>little</ex> food; a <ex>little</ex> air or water.</as></def>

<blockquote>Conceited of their <b>little</b> wisdoms, and doting upon their own fancies.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Small in dignity, power, or importance; not great; insignificant; contemptible.</def>

<blockquote>When thou wast <b>little</b> in thine own sight, wast thou not made the head of the tribes?
<i>I Sam. xv. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Small in force or efficiency; not strong; weak; slight; inconsiderable; <as>as, <ex>little</ex> attention or exertion;<ex>little</ex> effort; <ex>little</ex> care or diligence.</as></def>

<blockquote>By sad experiment I know
How <b>little</b> weight my words with thee can find.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Small in extent of views or sympathies; narrow; shallow; contracted; mean; illiberal; ungenerous.</def>

<blockquote>The long-necked geese of the world that are ever hissing dispraise,
Because their natures are <b>little</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Little chief</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Chief hare</er>.</cd> -- <col>Little finger</col>, <cd>the fourth and smallest finger of the hand.</cd> -- <col>Little go</col> <fld>(Eng. Universities)</fld>, <cd>a public examination about the middle of the course, which as less strict and important than the final one; -- called also <altname>smalls</altname>. Cf. <i>Great go<i>, under <er>Great</er>. <i>Thackeray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Little hours</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>the offices of prime, tierce, sext, and nones. Vespers and compline are sometimes included.</cd> -- <col>Little ones</col>, <cd>young children.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>The men, and the women, and the <b>little ones</b>.
<i>Deut. ii. 34.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Little</h1>
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<hw>Lit"tle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is little; a small quantity, amount, space, or the like.</def>

<blockquote>Much was in <b>little</b> writ.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There are many expressions, which carrying with them no clear ideas, are like to remove but <b>little</b> of my ignorance.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small degree or scale; miniature.</def> " His picture in <i>little</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>A little, to or in a small degree; to a limited extent; somewhat; for a short time. " Stay a <b>little</b>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The painter flattered her a <b>little</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <mcol><col>By little and little</col>, &or; <col>Little by little</col></mcol>, <cd>by slow degrees; piecemeal; gradually.</cd>

<h1>Little</h1>
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<hw>Lit"tle</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a small quantity or degree; not much; slightly; somewhat; -- often with a preceding it.</def> " The poor sleep <i>little</i>."

<i>Otway.</i>

<h1>Little-ease</h1>
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<hw>Lit"tle-ease`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An old slang name for the pillory, stocks, etc., of a prison.</def><mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Littleness</h1>
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<hw>Lit"tle*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being little; <as>as, <ex>littleness</ex> of size, thought, duration, power, etc.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Smallness; slightness; inconsiderableness; narrowness; insignificance; meanness; penuriousness.</syn>

<h1>Littoral</h1>
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<hw>Lit"to*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>littoralis</ets>, <ets>litoralis</ets>, from <ets>littus</ets>, <ets>litus</ets>, the seashore: cf. F. <ets>littoral</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a shore, as of the sea.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Inhabiting the seashore, esp. the zone between high-water and low-water mark.</def>

<h1>Littorina</h1>
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<hw>Lit"to*ri"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Littoral</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small pectinibranch mollusks, having thick spiral shells, abundant between tides on nearly all rocky seacoasts. They feed on seaweeds. The common periwinkle is a well-known example. See <er>Periwinkle</er>.</def>

<h1>Littress</h1>
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<hw>Lit"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A smooth kind of cartridge paper used for making cards.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Litate</h1>
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<hw>Lit"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lituus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Forked, with the points slightly curved outward.</def>

<h1>Lituiform</h1>
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<hw>Lit"u*i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lituus</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a lituus; like a lituite.</def>

<h1>Lituite</h1>
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<hw>Lit"u*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lituus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Any species of ammonites of the genus <spn>Lituites</spn>. They are found in the Cretaceous formation.</def>

<h1>Liturate</h1>
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<hw>Lit"u*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lituratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>liturare</ets> to erase, fr. <ets>litura</ets> a blur.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having indistinct spots, paler at their margins.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Spotted, as if from abrasions of the surface.</def>

<h1>Liturgic, Liturgical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Li*tur"gic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Li*tur"gic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw><ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>liturgique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, of or the nature of, a liturgy; of or pertaining to public prayer and worship.</def>

<i>T. Warton.  </i>

<h1>Liturgically</h1>
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<hw>Li*tur"gic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a liturgy.</def>

<h1>Liturgics</h1>
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<hw>Li*tur"gics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of worship; history, doctrine, and interpretation of liturgies.</def>

<h1>Liturgiologist</h1>
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<hw>Li*tur`gi*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in liturgiology.</def>

<h1>Liturgiology</h1>
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<hw>Li*tur`gi*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Liturgy</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science treating of liturgical matters; a treatise on, or description of, liturgies.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Liturgist</h1>
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<hw>Lit"ur*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who favors or adheres strictly to a liturgy.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Liturgy</h1>
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<hw>Lit"ur*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Liturgies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>liturgie</ets>, LL. <ets>liturgia</ets>, Gr. <?/ a public service, the public service of God, public worship; (assumed) <?/, <?/, belonging to the people, public (fr. <?/, <?/, the people) + the root of <?/ work. See <er>Lay</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Work</er>.]</ety> <def>An established formula for public worship, or the entire ritual for public worship in a church which uses prescribed forms; a formulary for public prayer or devotion. In the Roman Catholic Church it includes all forms and services in any language, in any part of the world, for the celebration of Mass.</def>

<h1>Lituus</h1>
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<hw>Lit"u*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Litui</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antig.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A curved staff used by the augurs in quartering the heavens.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An instrument of martial music; a kind of trumpet of a somewhat curved form and shrill note.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A spiral whose polar equation is <mathex>r<exp>2</exp>&theta; = a</mathex>; that is, a curve the square of whose radius vector varies inversely as the angle which the radius vector makes with a given line.</def>

<h1>Livable</h1>
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<hw>Liv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Such as can be lived.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Such as in pleasant to live in; fit or suitable to live in.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>A more delightful or <b>livable</b> region is not easily to be found.
<i>T. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Live</h1>
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<hw>Live</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lived</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Living</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>liven</ets>, <ets>livien</ets>, AS. <ets>libban</ets>, <ets>lifian</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>libbian</ets>, D. <ets>leven</ets>, G. <ets>leben</ets>, OHG. <ets>leb</ets><?/<ets>n</ets>, Dan. <ets>leve</ets>, Sw. <ets>lefva</ets>, Icel. <ets>lifa</ets> to live, to be left, to remain, Goth. <ets>liban</ets> to live; akin to E. <ets>leave</ets> to forsake, and <ets>life</ets>, Gr. <?/ to persist, <?/ oily, shining, sleek, <?/ fat, lard, Skr. <ets>lip</ets> to anoint, smear; -- the first sense prob. was, to cleave to, stick to; hence, to remain, stay; and hence, to live.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be alive; to have life; to have, as an animal or a plant, the capacity of assimilating matter as food, and to be dependent on such assimilation for a continuance of existence; <as>as, animals and plants that <ex>live</ex> to a great age are long in reaching maturity</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thus saith the Lord God unto these bones; Behold, I will . . . lay sinews upon you, and will bring up flesh upon you, and cover you with skin, and put breath in you, and ye shall <b>live</b>.
<i>Ezek. xxxvii. 5, 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pass one's time; to pass life or time in a certain manner, as to habits, conduct, or circumstances; <as>as, to <ex>live</ex> in ease or affluence; to <ex>live</ex> happily or usefully.</as></def>

<blockquote>O death, how bitter is the remembrance of thee to a man that <b>liveth</b> at rest in his possessions!
<i>Ecclus. xli. 1. </i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make one's abiding place or home; to abide; to dwell; to reside.</def>

<blockquote>Jacob <b>lived</b> in the land of Egypt seventeen years.
<i>Gen. xlvii. 28.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be or continue in existence; to exist; to remain; to be permanent; to last; -- said of inanimate objects, ideas, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Men's evil manners <b>live</b> in brass; their virtues
We write in water.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To enjoy or make the most of life; to be in a state of happiness.</def>

<blockquote>What greater curse could envious fortune give
Than just to die when I began to <b>live</b>?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To feed; to subsist; to be nourished or supported; -- with <i>on</i>; <as>as, horses <ex>live</ex> on grass and grain</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To have a spiritual existence; to be quickened, nourished, and actuated by divine influence or faith.</def>

<blockquote>The just shall <b>live</b> by faith.
<i>Gal. iii. ll.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To be maintained in life; to acquire a livelihood; to subsist; -- with <i>on</i> or <i>by</i>; <as>as, to <ex>live</ex> on spoils</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Those who <b>live</b> by labor.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To outlast danger; to float; -- said of a ship, boat, etc.; <as>as, no ship could <ex>live</ex> in such a storm</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A strong mast that <b>lived</b> upon the sea.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To live out</col>, <cd>to be at service; to live away from home as a servant.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>To live with</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To dwell or to be a lodger with</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To cohabit with; to have intercourse with, as male with female.</cd></cs>

<h1>Live</h1>
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<hw>Live</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To spend, as one's life; to pass; to maintain; to continue in, constantly or habitually; <as>as, to <ex>live</ex> an idle or a useful life</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act habitually in conformity with; to practice.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>live</b> the Gospel.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To live down</col>, <cd>to live so as to subdue or refute; as, <i>to live down<i> slander.</cd></cs>

<h1>Live</h1>
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<hw>Live</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Abbreviated from <ets>alive</ets>. See <er>Alive</er>, <er>Life</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having life; alive; living; not dead.</def>

<blockquote>If one man's ox hurt another's, that he die; then they shall sell the <b>live</b> ox, and divide the money of it.
<i>Ex. xxi. 35.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Being in a state of ignition; burning; having active properties; <as>as, a <ex>live</ex> coal; <ex>live</ex> embers.</as></def> " The <i>live</i> ether."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Full of earnestness; active; wide awake; glowing; <as>as, a <ex>live</ex> man, or orator</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Vivid; bright.</def> " The <i>live</i> carnation."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>Imparting power; having motion; <as>as, the <ex>live</ex> spindle of a lathe</as>.</def>

<-- 6. (Elec.) connected to a voltage source, as a live wire.
  7. (Broadcasting) being transmitted instantaneously, as events occur, in contrast to recorded.
  8. (Sport) still in active play -- as a live ball.
  9. pertaingin to an entertainment event which was performed (and possibly recorded) in front of an audience; contrasted to performances recorded in a studio without an audience -->

<cs><col>Live birth</col>, <cd>the condition of being born in such a state that acts of life are manifested after the extrusion of the whole body. <i>Dunglison</i>.</cd> -- <col>Live box</col>, <cd>a cell for holding living objects under microscopical examination. <i>P. H. Gosse</i>.</cd> -- <col>Live feathers</col>, <cd>feathers which have been plucked from the living bird, and are therefore stronger and more elastic.</cd> -- <col>Live gang</col>. <fld>(Sawing)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Gang</er>.</cd> -- <col>Live grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a grass of the genus <spn>Eragrostis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Live load</col> <fld>(Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a suddenly applied load; a varying load; a moving load; as a moving train of cars on a bridge, or wind pressure on a roof.</cd> <col>Live oak</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of oak (<spn>Quercus virens</spn>), growing in the Southern States, of great durability, and highly esteemed for ship timber. In California the <spn>Q. chrysolepis</spn> and some other species are also called <ex>live oaks<ex>.</cd> -- <col>Live ring</col> <fld>(Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a circular train of rollers upon which a swing bridge, or turntable, rests, and which travels around a circular track when the bridge or table turns.</cd> -- <col>Live steam</col> , <cd>steam direct from the boiler, used for any purpose, in distinction from <contr>exhaust steam</contr>.</cd> -- <col>Live stock</col>, <cd>horses, cattle, and other domestic animals kept on a farm.  whole body.</cd></cs>
<-- live wire (a) (Elec.) a wire connected to a power source, having a voltage potential; -- used esp. of a power line with a high potential relative to ground, capable of harming a person who touches it. (b) [MW10] (Fig.) "an alert, active, or aggressive person." -->

<h1>Live</h1>
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<hw>Live</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Life.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>On live</col>, <cd>in life; alive. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Alive</er>.</cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lived</h1>
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<hw>Lived</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having life; -- used only in composition; <as>as, long-<ex>lived</ex>; short-<ex>lived</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Live-forever</h1>
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<hw>Live"-for*ev`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Sedum Telephium</spn>) with fleshy leaves, which has extreme powers of resisting drought; garden ox-pine.</def>

<h1>Livelihed</h1>
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<hw>Live"li*hed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Livelihood</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Livelihood</h1>
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<hw>Live"li*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>livelode</ets>, <ets>liflode</ets>, prop., course of life, life's support, maintenance, fr. AS. <ets>l\'c6f</ets> life + <ets>l\'bed</ets> road, way, maintenance. Confused with <ets>livelihood</ets> liveliness. See <er>Life</er>, and <er>Lode</er>.]</ety> <def>Subsistence or living, as dependent on some means of support; support of life; maintenance.</def>

<blockquote>The opportunities of gaining an honest <b>livelihood</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is their profession and <b>livelihood</b> to get their living by practices for which they deserve to forfeit their lives.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Livelihood</h1>
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<hw>Live"li*hood</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lively</ets> + <ets>-hood</ets>.]</ety> <def>Liveliness; appearance of life.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Livelily</h1>
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<hw>Live"li*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lively manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Liveliness</h1>
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<hw>Live"li*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lively</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being lively or animated; sprightliness; vivacity; animation; spirit; <as>as, the <ex>liveliness</ex> of youth, contrasted with the gravity of age</as>.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An appearance of life, animation, or spirit; <as>as, the <ex>liveliness</ex> of the eye or the countenance in a portrait</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Briskness; activity; effervescence, as of liquors.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Sprightliness; gayety; animation; vivacity; smartness; briskness; activity. -- <er>Liveliness</er>, <er>Gayety</er>, <er>Animation</er>, <er>Vivacity</er>. <i>Liveliness</i> is an habitual feeling of life and interest; <i>gayety</i> refers more to a temporary excitement of the animal spirits; <i>animation</i> implies a warmth of emotion and a corresponding vividness of expressing it, awakened by the presence of something which strongly affects the mind; <i>vivacity</i> is a feeling between liveliness and animation, having the permanency of the one, and, to some extent, the warmth of the other. <i>Liveliness</i> of imagination; <i>gayety</i> of heart; <i>animation</i> of countenance; <i>vivacity</i> of gesture or conversation.</syn>

<h1>Livelode</h1>
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<hw>Live"lode`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Livelihood</er>.]</ety> <def>Course of life; means of support; livelihood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Livelong</h1>
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<hw>Live"long`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>lifelong</ets>. Cf. <er>Lifelong</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Whole; entire; long in passing; -- used of time, as day or night, in adverbial phrases, and usually with a sense of tediousness.</def>

<blockquote>The obscure bird
Clamored the <b>livelong</b> night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How could she sit the <b>livelong</b> day,
Yet never ask us once to play?
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lasting; durable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou hast built thyself a <b>livelong</b> monument.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lively</h1>
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<hw>Live"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Livelier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Liveliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For <ets>lifely</ets>. Cf. <er>Lifelike</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Endowed with or manifesting life; living.</def>

<blockquote>Chaplets of gold and silver resembling <b>lively</b> flowers and leaves.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Brisk; vivacious; active; <as>as, a <ex>lively</ex> youth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>But wherefore comes old Manoa in such haste,
With youthful steps ? Much <b>livelier</b> than erewhile
He seems.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Gay; airy; animated; spirited.</def>

<blockquote>From grave to gay, from <b>lively</b> to severe.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Representing life; lifelike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I spied the <b>lively</b> picture of my father.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Bright; vivid; glowing; strong; vigorous</def>.

<blockquote>The colors of the prism are manifestly more full, intense, and <b>lively</b> that those of natural bodies.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His faith must be not only living, but <b>lively</b> too.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Lively stones</col> <fld>(Script.)</fld>, <cd>saints, as being quickened by the Spirit, and active in holiness.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Brisk; vigorous; quick; nimble; smart; active; alert; sprightly; animated; spirited; prompt; earnest; strong; energetic; vivid; vivacious; blithe; gleeful; airy; gay; jocund.</syn>

<h1>Lively</h1>
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<hw>Live"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a brisk, active, or animated manner; briskly; vigorously.</def>

<i>Hayward.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With strong resemblance of life.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou counterfeitest most <b>lively</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Liver</h1>
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<hw>Liv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, lives.</def>

<blockquote>And try if life be worth the <b>liver's</b> care.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A resident; a dweller; <as>as, a <ex>liver</ex> in Brooklyn</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One whose course of life has some marked characteristic (expressed by an adjective); <as>as, a free <ex>liver</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Fast liver</col>, <cd>one who lives in an extravagant and dissipated way.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Free liver</col>, <col>Good liver</col></mcol>, <cd>one given to the pleasures of the table.</cd> -- <col>Loose liver</col>, <cd>a person who lives a somewhat dissolute life.</cd></cs>

<h1>Liver</h1>
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<hw>Liv"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>lifer</ets>; akin to D. <ets>liver</ets>, G. <ets>leber</ets>, OHG. <ets>lebara</ets>, Icel. <ets>lifr</ets>, Sw. <ets>lefver</ets>, and perh. to Gr. <?/ fat, E. <ets>live</ets>, v.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A very large glandular and vascular organ in the visceral cavity of all vertebrates.</def>

<note>&hand; Most of the venous blood from the alimentary canal passes through it on its way back to the heart; and it secretes the bile, produces glycogen, and in other ways changes the blood which passes through it. In man it is situated immediately beneath the diaphragm and mainly on the right side. See <er>Bile</er>, <er>Digestive</er>, and <er>Glycogen</er>.  The liver of invertebrate animals is usually made up of c\'91cal tubes, and differs materially, in form and function, from that of vertebrates.</note>

<cs><col>Floating liver</col>. <cd>See <cref>Wandering liver</cref>, under <er>Wandering</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Liver of antimony</col>, <col>Liver of sulphur</col></mcol>. <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Hepar</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Liver brown</col>, <col>Liver color</col></mcol>, <cd>the color of liver, a dark, reddish brown.</cd> -- <col>Liver shark</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large shark (<spn>Cetorhinus maximus</spn>), inhabiting the northern coasts both of Europe and North America. It sometimes becomes forty feet in length, being one of the largest sharks known; but it has small simple teeth, and is not dangerous. It is captured for the sake of its liver, which often yields several barrels of oil. It has gill rakers, resembling whalebone, by means of which it separates small animals from the sea water.</cd> Called also <altname>basking shark</altname>, <altname>bone shark</altname>, <altname>hoemother</altname>, <altname>homer</altname>, and <altname>sailfish</altname><-- sometimes referred to as 'whale shark', but that name is more commonly used for the Rhincodon typus, which grows even larger -->. -- <col>Liver spots</col>, <cd>yellowish brown patches or spots of chloasma.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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Page 862<p>


<h1>Liver</h1>
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<hw>Liv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The glossy ibis (<spn>Ibis falcinellus</spn>); -- said to have given its name to the city of Liverpool.</def>

<h1>Liver-colored</h1>
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<hw>Liv"er-col`ored</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a color like liver; dark reddish brown.</def>

<h1>Livered</h1>
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<hw>Liv"ered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having (such) a liver; used in composition; <as>as, white-<ex>livered</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Liver-grown</h1>
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<hw>Liv"er-grown`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having an enlarged liver.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Liveried</h1>
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<hw>Liv"er*ied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing a livery. See <er>Livery</er>, 3.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>liveried</b> servants wait.
<i>Parnell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Livering</h1>
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<hw>Liv"er*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of pudding or sausage made of liver or pork.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Liverleaf</h1>
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<hw>Liv"er*leaf`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Liverwort</er>.</def>

<h1>Liverwort</h1>
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<hw>Liv"er*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A ranunculaceous plant (<spn>Anemone Hepatica</spn>) with pretty white or bluish flowers and a three-lobed leaf; -- called also <altname>squirrel cups</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A flowerless plant (<spn>Marchantia polymorpha</spn>), having an irregularly lobed, spreading, and forking frond.</def>

<note>&hand; From this plant many others of the same order (<spn>Hepatic\'91</spn>) have been vaguely called liverworts, esp. those of the tribe <spn>Marchantiace\'91</spn>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Hepatica</er>.</note>

<h1>Livery</h1>
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<hw>Liv"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Liveries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>livere</ets>, F. <ets>livr\'82e</ets>, formerly, a gift of clothes made by the master to his servants, prop., a thing delivered, fr. <ets>livrer</ets> to deliver, L. <ets>liberare</ets> to set free, in LL., to deliver up. See <er>Liberate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of delivering possession of lands or tenements.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The writ by which possession is obtained.</def>

<note>&hand; It is usual to say, <i>livery of seizin</i>, which is a feudal investiture, made by the delivery of a turf, of a rod, or twig, from the feoffor to the feoffee. In the United States, and now in Great Britain, no such ceremony is necessary, the delivery of a deed being sufficient.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Release from wardship; deliverance.</def>

<blockquote>It concerned them first to sue out their <b>livery</b> from the unjust wardship of his encroaching prerogative.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is delivered out statedly or formally, as clothing, food, etc.</def>; especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The uniform clothing issued by feudal superiors to their retainers and serving as a badge when in military service.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The peculiar dress by which the servants of a nobleman or gentleman are distinguished; <as>as, a claret-colored <ex>livery</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Hence, also, the peculiar dress or garb appropriated by any association or body of persons to their own use; <as>as, the <ex>livery</ex> of the London tradesmen, of a priest, of a charity school, etc.</as>; also, the whole body or company of persons wearing such a garb, and entitled to the privileges of the association; <as>as, the whole <ex>livery</ex> of London</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A Haberdasher and a Carpenter,
A Webbe, a Dyer, and a Tapicer,
And they were clothed all in one <b>livery</b>
Of a solempne and a gret fraternite.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>From the periodical deliveries of these characteristic articles of servile costume (blue coats) came our word <b>livery</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Hence, any characteristic dress or outward appearance</def>. " April's <i>livery</i>."  <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<blockquote>Now came still evening on, and twilight gray
Had in her sober <b>livery</b> all things clad.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>An allowance of food statedly given out; a ration, as to a family, to servants, to horses, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The emperor's officers every night went through the town from house to house whereat any English gentleman did repast or lodge, and served their <b>liveries</b> for all night: first, the officers brought into the house a cast of fine manchet [white bread], and of silver two great post, and white wine, and sugar.
<i>Cavendish.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(f)</sd> <def>The feeding, stabling, and care of horses for compensation; boarding; <as>as, to keep one's horses at <ex>livery</ex></as></def>.

<blockquote>What <b>livery</b> is, we by common use in England know well enough, namely, that is, allowance of horse meat, as to keep horses at <b>livery</b>, the which word, I guess, is derived of livering or delivering forth their nightly food.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It need hardly be observed that the explanation of <b>livery</b> which Spenser offers is perfectly correct, but . . . it is no longer applied to the ration or stated portion of food delivered at stated periods.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(g)</sd> <def>The keeping of horses in readiness to be hired temporarily for riding or driving; the state of being so kept</def>.

<blockquote>Pegasus does not stand at <b>livery</b> even at the largest establishment in Moorfields.
<i>Lowell.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A low grade of wool.</def>

<cs><col>Livery gown</col>, <cd>the gown worn by a liveryman in London.</cd></cs>

<h1>Livery</h1>
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<hw>Liv"er*y</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To clothe in, or as in, livery.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Liveryman</h1>
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<hw>Liv"er*y*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Liverymen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who wears a livery, as a servant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A freeman of the city, in London, who, having paid certain fees, is entitled to wear the distinguishing dress or <i>livery</i> of the company to which he belongs, and also to enjoy certain other privileges, as the right of voting in an election for the lord mayor, sheriffs, chamberlain, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who keeps a livery stable.</def>

<h1>Livery stable</h1>
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<hw>Liv"er*y sta`ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A stable where horses are kept for hire, and where stabling is provided. See <er>Livery</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3 <sd>(e)</sd> <sd>(f)</sd> & <sd>(g)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Lives</h1>
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<hw>Lives</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <def><tt>pl.</tt> of <er>Life</er>.</def>

<h1>Lives</h1>
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<hw>Lives</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[Orig. a genitive sing. of <ets>life</ets>.]</ety> <def>Alive; living; with life.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " Any <i>lives</i> creature."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Livid</h1>
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<hw>Liv"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lividus</ets>, from <ets>livere</ets> to be of a blush color, to be black and blue: cf. F. <ets>livide</ets>.]</ety> <def>Black and blue; grayish blue; of a lead color; discolored, as flesh by contusion.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>There followed no carbuncles, no purple or <b>livid</b> spots, the mass of the blood not being tainted.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lividity</h1>
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<hw>Li*vid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lividit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being livid.</def>

<h1>Lividness</h1>
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<hw>Liv"id*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Lividity.</def>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Laving</h1>
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<hw>Lav"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Live</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being alive; having life; <as>as, a <ex>living</ex> creature</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Active; lively; vigorous; -- said esp. of states of the mind , and sometimes of abstract things; <as>as, a <ex>living</ex> faith; a <ex>living</ex> principle.</as></def> " <i>Living</i> hope. "

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Issuing continually from the earth; running; flowing; <as>as, a <ex>living</ex> spring</as>; -- opposed to <i>stagnant</i>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Producing life, action, animation, or vigor; quickening.</def> " <i>Living</i> light."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Ignited; glowing with heat; burning; live.</def>

<blockquote>Then on the <b>living</b> coals wine they pour.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Living force</col>. <cd>See <cref>Vis viva</cref>, under <er>Vis</er>.</cd> -- <col>Living gale</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a heavy gale.</cd> <col>Living rock</col> &or; <col>stone</col></mcol>, <cd>rock in its native or original state or location; rock not quarried. " I now found myself on a rude and narrow stairway, the steps of which were cut of the <i>living rock<i>." <i>Moore</i>.</cd> -- <col>The living</col>, <cd>those who are alive, or one who is alive.</cd></cs>

<h1>Living</h1>
<Xpage=862>

<hw>Liv"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of one who, or that which, lives; lives; life; existence.</def> "Health and <i>living</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Manner of life; <as>as, riotous <ex>living</ex>; penurious <ex>living</ex>; earnest <ex>living</ex>.</as></def> " A vicious <i>living</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Means of subsistence; sustenance; estate.</def>

<blockquote>She can spin for her <b>living</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He divided unto them his <b>living</b>.
<i>Luke xv. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Power of continuing life; the act of living, or living comfortably.</def>

<blockquote>There is no <b>living</b> without trusting somebody or other in some cases.
<i>L' Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The benefice of a clergyman; an ecclesiastical charge which a minister receives.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>He could not get a deanery, a prebend, or even a <b>living</b>
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Livng room</col>, <cd>the room most used by the family.</cd></cs>

<h1>Livingly</h1>
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<hw>Liv"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a living state.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Livingness</h1>
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<hw>Liv"ing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being alive; possession of energy or vigor; animation; quickening.</def>

<h1>Livonian</h1>
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<hw>Li*vo"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Livonia, a district of Russia near the Baltic Sea.</def>

<h1>Livinian</h1>
<Xpage=862>

<hw>Li*vi"ni*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or an inhabitant of Livonia; the language (allied to the Finnish) of the Livonians.</def>

<h1>Livor</h1>
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<hw>Li"vor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Malignity.</def> <mark>[P.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Livraison</h1>
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<hw>Li`vrai`son"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>liberatio</ets> a setting free, in LL., a delivering up. See <er>Liberation</er>.]</ety> <def>A part of a book or literary composition printed and delivered by itself; a number; a part.</def>

<h1>Livre</h1>
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<hw>Li"vre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>libra</ets> a pound of twelve ounces. Cf. <er>Lira</er>.]</ety> <def>A French money of account, afterward a silver coin equal to 20 sous. It is not now in use, having been superseded by the franc.</def>

<h1>Lixivial</h1>
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<hw>Lix*iv"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lixivius</ets>, fr. <ets>lix</ets> ashes, lye ashes, lye: cf. F. <ets>lixiviel</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Impregnated with, or consisting of, alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes; impregnated with a salt or salts like a lixivium.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of the color of lye; resembling lye.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having the qualities of alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes.</def>

<cs><col>Lixivial salts</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>salts which are obtained by passing water through ashes, or by pouring it on them.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lixiviate, Lixivited</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lix*iv"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lix*iv"i*`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lixivium</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to lye or lixivium; of the quality of alkaline salts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Impregnated with salts from wood ashes.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Lixiviate</h1>
<Xpage=862>

<hw>Lix*iv"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lixiviated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lixiviating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To subject to a washing process for the purpose of separating soluble material from that which is insoluble; to leach, as ashes, for the purpose of extracting the alkaline substances.</def>

<h1>Lixiviation</h1>
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<hw>Lix*iv`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>lixiviation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lixiviating; the process of separating a soluble substance form one that is insoluble, by washing with some solvent, as water; leaching.</def>

<h1>Lixivious</h1>
<Xpage=862>

<hw>Lix*iv"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Lixivial</er>.</def>

<h1>Lixivium</h1>
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<hw>Lix*iv"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lixivium</ets>, <ets>lixivia</ets>. See <er>Lixivial</er>.]</ety> <def>A solution of alkaline salts extracted from wood ashes; hence, any solution obtained by lixiviation.</def>

<h1>Lixt</h1>
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<hw>Lixt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>2d pers. sing. pres.</tt> of <er>Lige</er>, to lie, to tell lies, -- contracted for <i>ligest</i>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Liza</h1>
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<hw>Li"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American white mullet (<spn>Mugil curema</spn>).</def>

<h1>Lizard</h1>
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<hw>Liz"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lesarde</ets>, OF. <ets>lesarde</ets>, F. <ets>l\'82zard</ets>, L. <ets>lacerta</ets>, <ets>lacertus</ets>. Cf. <er>Alligator</er>, <er>Lacerta</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of the numerous species of reptiles belonging to the order Lacertilia; sometimes, also applied to reptiles of other orders, as the Hatteria.</def>

<note>&hand; Most lizards have an elongated body, with four legs, and a long tail; but there are some without legs, and some with a short, thick tail. Most have scales, but some are naked; most have eyelids, but some do not. The tongue is varied in form and structure. In some it is forked, in others, as the chameleons, club-shaped, and very extensible. See <er>Amphisb\'91na</er>, <er>Chameleon</er>, <er>Gecko</er>, <er>Gila monster</er>, <er>Horned toad</er>, <er>Iguana</er>, and <er>Dragon</er>, 6.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of rope with thimble or block spliced into one or both of the ends.</def>

<i>R. H. Dana, Ir.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A piece of timber with a forked end, used in dragging a heavy stone, a log, or the like, from a field.</def>

<cs><col>Lizard fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a marine scopeloid fish of the genus <spn>Synodus</spn>, or <spn>Saurus</spn>, esp. <spn>S. f\'d2tens</spn> of the Southern United States and West Indies; -- called also <altname>sand pike</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Lizard snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the garter snake (<spn>Eut\'91nia sirtalis</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Lizard stone</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of serpentine from near Lizard Point, Cornwall, England, -- used for ornamental purposes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lizard's tail</h1>
<Xpage=862>

<hw>Liz"ard's tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial plant of the genus <spn>Saururus</spn> (<spn>S. cernuus</spn>), growing in marshes, and having white flowers crowded in a slender terminal spike, somewhat resembling in form a lizard's tail; whence the name.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Llama</h1>
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<hw>Lla"ma</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Peruv.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American ruminant (<spn>Auchenia llama</spn>), allied to the camels, but much smaller and without a hump. It is supposed to be a domesticated variety of the guanaco. It was formerly much used as a beast of burden in the Andes.</def>

<h1>Llandeilo group</h1>
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<hw>Llan*dei"lo group`</hw>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A series of strata in the lower Silurian formations of Great Britain; -- so named from <ets>Llandeilo</ets> in Southern Wales. See <i>Chart</i> of <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Llanero</h1>
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<hw>Lla*ne"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. Amer.]</ety> <def>One of the inhabitants of the llanos of South America.</def>

<h1>Llano</h1>
<Xpage=862>

<hw>Lla"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Llanos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp., plain even, level. See <er>Plain</er>.]</ety> <def>An extensive plain with or without vegetation.</def> <mark>[Spanish America]</mark>

<h1>Lloyd's</h1>
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<hw>Lloyd's</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An association of underwriters and others in London, for the collection and diffusion of marine intelligence, the insurance, classification, registration, and certifying of vessels, and the transaction of business of various kinds connected with shipping.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A part of the Royal Exchange, in London, appropriated to the use of underwriters and insurance brokers; -- called also <altname>Lloyd's Rooms</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is derived from <i>Lloyd's</i> Coffee House, in Lombard Street, where there were formerly rooms for the same purpose. The name <i>Lloyd</i> or <i>Lloyd's</i> has been taken by several associations, in different parts of Europe, established for purposes similar to those of the original association.</note>

<cs><col>Lloyd's agents</col>, <cd>persons employed in various parts of the world, by the association called Lloyd's, to serve its interests.</cd> -- <col>Lloyd's list</col>, <cd>a publication of the latest news respecting shipping matters, with lists of vessels, etc., made under the direction of Lloyd's.</cd> <i>Brande & C.</i> -- <col>Lloyd's register</col>, <cd>a register of vessels rated according to their quality, published yearly.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lo</h1>
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<hw>Lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lo</ets>, <ets>low</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>look</ets>, v.]</ety> <def>Look; see; behold; observe.</def> " Lo, here is Christ." <i>Matt. xxiv. 23</i>. " Lo, we turn to the Gentiles." <i>Acts xiii. 46</i>.

<h1>Loach</h1>
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<hw>Loach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>loche</ets>, F. <ets>loche</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several small, fresh-water, cyprinoid fishes of the genera <spn>Cobitis</spn>, <spn>Nemachilus</spn>, and allied genera, having six or more barbules around the mouth. They are found in Europe and Asia. The common European species (<spn>N. barbatulus</spn>) is used as a food fish.</def>

<h1>Load</h1>
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<hw>Load</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lode</ets> load, way; properly the same word as <ets>lode</ets>, but confused with <ets>lade</ets>, <ets>load</ets>, v. See <er>Lade</er>, <er>Lead</er>, <tt>v.</tt>, <er>Lode</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A burden; that which is laid on or put in anything for conveyance; that which is borne or sustained; a weight; <as>as, a heavy <ex>load</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>He might such a <b>load</b>
To town with his ass carry.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quantity which can be carried or drawn in some specified way; the contents of a cart, barrow, or vessel; that which will constitute a cargo; lading.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which burdens, oppresses, or grieves the mind or spirits; <as>as, a <ex>load</ex> of care</as>.</def> " A . . . <i>load</i> of guilt." <i>Ray</i>. " Our life's a <i>load</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A particular measure for certain articles, being as much as may be carried at one time by the conveyance commonly used for the article measured; <as>as, a <ex>load</ex> of wood; a <ex>load</ex> of hay</as>; specifically, five quarters.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The charge of a firearm; <as>as, a <ex>load</ex> of powder</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Weight or violence of blows.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The work done by a steam engine or other prime mover when working.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Load line</col>, &or; <col>Load water line</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the line on the outside of a vessel indicating the depth to which it sinks in the water when loaded.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Burden; lading; weight; cargo. See <er>Burden</er>.</syn>

<h1>Load</h1>
<Xpage=862>

<hw>Load</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Loaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Loading</er>. <i>Loaden</i> is obsolete, and <i>laden</i> belongs to <i>lade</i>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay a load or burden on or in, as on a horse or in a cart; to charge with a load, as a gun; to furnish with a lading or cargo, as a ship; hence, to add weight to, so as to oppress or embarrass; to heap upon.</def>

<blockquote>I strive all in vain to <b>load</b> the cart.
<i>Gascoigne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have <b>loaden</b> me with many spoils.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those honors deep and broad, wherewith
Your majesty <b>loads</b> our house.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="863">
Page 863<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To adulterate or drug; <as>as, to <ex>load</ex> wine</as>.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To magnetize.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<cs><col>Loaded dice</col>, <cd>dice with one side made heavier than the others, so that the number on the opposite side will come up oftenest.</cd></cs>

<h1>Loader</h1>
<Xpage=863>

<hw>Load"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, loads; a mechanical contrivance for loading, as a gun.</def>

<h1>Loading</h1>
<Xpage=863>

<hw>Load"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of putting a load on or into.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A load; cargo; burden.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Loadmanage, Lodemanage</h1>
<Xpage=863>

<hw><hw>Load"man*age</hw>, <hw>Lode"man*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pilotage; skill of a pilot or loadsman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Loadsman, Lodesman</h1>
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<hw><hw>Loads"man</hw>, <hw>Lodes"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Load</ets>, <ets>lode</ets> + <ets>man.</ets> See <er>Lode</er>.]</ety> <def>A pilot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Loadstar, Lodestar</h1>
<Xpage=863>

<hw><hw>Load"star`</hw>, <hw>Lode"star`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Load</ets>, <ets>lode</ets> + <ets>star.</ets>  See <er>Lode</er>.]</ety> <def>A star that leads; a guiding star; esp., the polestar; the cynosure.</def> <i>Chaucer</i>. " Your eyes are <i>lodestars</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The pilot can no <b>loadstar</b> see.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Loadstone, Lodestone</h1>
<Xpage=863>

<hw><hw>Load"stone`</hw>, <hw>Lode"stone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Load</ets>, <ets>lode</ets> + <ets>stone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A piece of magnetic iron ore possessing polarity like a magnetic needle. See <er>Magnetite</er>.</def>

<h1>Loaf</h1>
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<hw>Loaf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Loaves</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>lof</ets>, <ets>laf</ets>, AS. <ets>hl\'bef</ets>; akin to G. <ets>laib</ets>, OHG. <ets>hleip</ets>, Icel. <ets>hleifr</ets>, Goth. <ets>hlaifs</ets>, Russ. <ets>khlieb'</ets>, Lith. <ets>kl\'89pas</ets>. Cf. <er>Lady</er>, <er>Lammas</er>, <er>Lord</er>.]</ety> <def>Any thick lump, mass, or cake; especially, a large regularly shaped or molded mass, as of bread, sugar, or cake.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<cs><col>Loaf sugar</col>, <cd>refined sugar that has been formed into a conical loaf in a mold.</cd></cs>

<h1>Loaf</h1>
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<hw>Loaf</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Loafed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Loafing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[G. <ets>laufen</ets> to run, Prov. G. <ets>loofen</ets>. See <er>Leap</er>.]</ety> <def>To spend time in idleness; to lounge or loiter about.</def> " <i>Loafing</i> vagabonds."

<i>W. Black.</i>

<h1>Loaf</h1>
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<hw>Loaf</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To spend in idleness; -- with <i>away</i>; <as>as, to <ex>loaf</ex> time away</as>.</def>

<h1>Loafer</h1>
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<hw>Loaf"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>l\'84ufer</ets> a runner, Prov. G. <ets>laufer</ets>, <ets>lofer</ets>, fr. <ets>laufen</ets> to run. See <er>Leap</er>.]</ety> <def>One who loafs; a lazy lounger.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Loam</h1>
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<hw>Loam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>l\'bem</ets>; akin to D. <ets>leem</ets>, G. <ets>lehm</ets>, and E. <ets>lime</ets>. See 4th <er>Lime</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of soil; an earthy mixture of clay and sand, with organic matter to which its fertility is chiefly due.</def>

<blockquote>We wash a wall of <b>loam</b>; we labor in vain.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A mixture of sand, clay, and other materials, used in making molds for large castings, often without a pattern.</def>

<cs><col>Loam mold</col> <fld>(Founding)</fld>, <cd>a mold made with loam. See <er>Loam</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Loam molding</col>, <cd>the process or business of making loam molds.</cd> <col>Loam plate</col>, <cd>an iron plate upon which a section of a loam mold rests, or from which it is suspended.</cd> -- <col>Loam work</col>, <cd>loam molding or loam molds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Loam</h1>
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<hw>Loam</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Loamed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Loaming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover, smear, or fill with loam.</def>

<h1>Loamy</h1>
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<hw>Loam"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of loam; partaking of the nature of loam; resembling loam.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Loan</h1>
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<hw>Loan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lawn</er>.]</ety> <def>A loanin.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Loan</h1>
<Xpage=863>

<hw>Loan</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lone</ets>, <ets>lane</ets>, AS. <ets>l\'ben</ets>, <ets>l\'91n</ets>, fr. <ets>le\'a2n</ets> to lend; akin to D. <ets>leen</ets> loan, fief, G. <ets>lehen</ets> fief, Icel. <ets>l\'ben</ets>, G. <ets>leihen</ets> to lend, OHG. <ets>l\'c6han</ets>, Icel. <ets>lj\'c6</ets>, Goth. <ets>leihwan</ets>, L. <ets>linquere</ets> to leave, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>ric</ets>. <?/ Cf. <er>Delinquent</er>, <er>Eclipse</er>, <er>Eleven</er>, <er>Ellipse</er>, <er>Lend</er>, <er>License</er>, <er>Relic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of lending; a lending; permission to use; <as>as, the <ex>loan</ex> of a book, money, services</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which one lends or borrows, esp. a sum of money lent at interest; <as>as, he repaid the <ex>loan</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Loan office</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An office at which loans are negotiated, or at which the accounts of loans are kept, and the interest paid to the lender</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A pawnbroker's shop.</cd></cs>

<h1>Loan</h1>
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<hw>Loan</hw>, <tt>n. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Loaned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Loaning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To lend; -- sometimes with <i>out</i>.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<blockquote>By way of location or <b>loaning</b> them out.
<i>J. Langley (1644).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Loanable</h1>
<Xpage=863>

<hw>Loan"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be lent; available for lending; <as>as, <ex>loanable</ex> funds</as>; -- used mostly in financial business and writings.</def>

<h1>Loanin, Loaning</h1>
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<hw><hw>Loan"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Loan"ing</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Scotch <ets>loan</ets>, E. <ets>lawn</ets>.]</ety> <def>An open space between cultivated fields through which cattle are driven, and where the cows are sometimes milked; also, a lane.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott. </i>

<h1>Loanmonger</h1>
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<hw>Loan"mon`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dealer in, or negotiator of, loans.</def>

<blockquote>The millions of the <b>loanmonger</b>.
<i>Beaconsfield.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Loath</h1>
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<hw>Loath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>looth</ets>, <ets>loth</ets>, AS. <ets>l\'be<?/</ets> hostile, odious; akin to OS. <ets>l<?/<?/</ets>, G. <ets>leid</ets>, Icel. <ets>lei<?/r</ets>, Sw. <ets>led</ets>, G. <ets>leiden</ets> to suffer, OHG. <ets>l\'c6dan</ets> to suffer, go, cf. AS. <ets>l\'c6<?/an</ets> to go, Goth. <ets>leipan</ets>, and E. <ets>lead</ets> to guide.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hateful; odious; disliked.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Filled with disgust or aversion; averse; unwilling; reluctant; <as>as, <ex>loath</ex> to part</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Full <b>loth</b> were him to curse for his tithes.
<i>Chaucer</i></blockquote>.

<blockquote>Why, then, though <b>loath</b>, yet must I be content.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Loathe</h1>
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<hw>Loathe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Loathed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Loathing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>l\'be<?/ian</ets> to hate. See <er>Loath</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To feel extreme disgust at, or aversion for.</def>

<blockquote><b>Loathing</b> the honeyed cakes, I Ionged for bread.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dislike greatly; to abhor; to hate.</def>

<blockquote>The secret which I <b>loathe</b>.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She <b>loathes</b> the vital sir.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To hate; abhor; detest; abominate. See <er>Hate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Loathe</h1>
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<hw>Loathe</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To feel disgust or nausea.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Loather</h1>
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<hw>Loath"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who loathes.</def>

<h1>Loathful</h1>
<Xpage=863>

<hw>Loath"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of loathing; hating; abhorring.</def> "<i>Loathful</i> eyes."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing a feeling of loathing; disgusting.</def>

<blockquote>Above the reach of <b>loathful</b>, sinful lust.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Loathing</h1>
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<hw>Loath"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Extreme disgust; a feeling of aversion, nausea, abhorrence, or detestation.</def>

<blockquote>The mutual fear and <b>loathing</b> of the hostile races.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Loathingly</h1>
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<hw>Loath"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With loathing.</def>

<h1>Loathliness</h1>
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<hw>Loath"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Loathsomeness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Loathly</h1>
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<hw>Loath"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>l\'be<?/lic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Loathsome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " <i>Loathly</i> mouth."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Loathly</h1>
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<hw>Loath"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Unwillingly; reluctantly.</def>

<blockquote>This shows that you from nature <b>loathly</b> stray.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>(<?/) So as to cause loathing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With dust and blood his locks were <b>loathly</b> dight.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Loathness</h1>
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<hw>Loath"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Unwillingness; reluctance.</def>

<blockquote>A general silence and <b>loathness</b> to speak.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Loathsome</h1>
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<hw>Loath"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fitted to cause loathing; exciting disgust; disgusting.</def>

<blockquote>The most <b>loathsome</b> and deadly forms of infection.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Loath"some*ly</wf>. <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Loath"some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Loathy</h1>
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<hw>Loath"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Loathsome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Loaves</h1>
<Xpage=863>

<hw>Loaves</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <def><tt>pl.</tt> of <er>Loaf</er>.</def>

<h1>Lob</h1>
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<hw>Lob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>llob</ets> an unwieldy lump, a dull fellow, a blockhead. Cf. <er>Looby</er>, <er>Lubber</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A dull, heavy person.</def> " Country <i>lobs</i>."

<i>Gauden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something thick and heavy.</def>

<h1>Lob</h1>
<Xpage=863>

<hw>Lob</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lobbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lobbing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To let fall heavily or lazily.</def>

<blockquote>And their poor jades
<b>Lob</b> down their heads.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To lob a ball</col> <fld>(Lawn Tennis)</fld>, <cd>to strike a ball so as to send it up into the air.</cd></cs>

<-- to propel (relatively slowly) in a high arcing trajectory -->

<h1>Lob</h1>
<Xpage=863>

<hw>Lob</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>See <er>Cob</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Lob</h1>
<Xpage=863>

<hw>Lob</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dan. <ets>lubbe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European pollock.</def>

<h1>Lobar</h1>
<Xpage=863>

<hw>Lo"bar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a lobe; characterized by, or like, a lobe or lobes.</def>

<h1>Lobate, Lobated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lo"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lo"ba*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lobe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Consisting of, or having, lobes; lobed; <as>as, a <ex>lobate</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having lobes; -- said of the tails of certain fishes having the integument continued to the bases of the fin rays.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Furnished with membranous flaps, as the toes of a coot. See <i>Illust</i>. <iref>(m)</iref> under <er>Aves</er>.</def>

<h1>Lobately</h1>
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<hw>Lo"bate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>As a lobe; so as to make a lobe; in a lobate manner.</def>

<h1>Lobbish</h1>
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<hw>Lob"bish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a lob; consisting of lobs.</def>

<i>Sir. P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Lobby</h1>
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<hw>Lob"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lobbies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>lobium</ets>, <ets>lobia</ets>, <ets>laubia</ets>, a covered portico fit for walking, fr. OHG.<ets>louba</ets>, G. <ets>laube</ets>, arbor. See <er>Lodge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A passage or hall of communication, especially when large enough to serve also as a waiting room. It differs from an <i>antechamber</i> in that a <i>lobby</i> communicates between several rooms, an <i>antechamber</i> to one only; but this distinction is not carefully preserved.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That part of a hall of legislation not appropriated to the official use of the assembly; hence, the persons, collectively, who frequent such a place to transact business with the legislators; any persons, not members of a legislative body, who strive to influence its proceedings by personal agency<-- = lobbyist -->.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An apartment or passageway in the fore part of an old-fashioned cabin under the quarter-deck.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>A confined place for cattle, formed by hedges. trees, or other fencing, near the farmyard.</def>

<cs><col>Lobby member</col>, <cd>a lobbyist. <mark>[Humorous cant, U. S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Lobby</h1>
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<hw>Lob"by</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lobbied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lobbying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To address or solicit members of a legislative body in the lobby or elsewhere, with the purpose to influence their votes.</def><mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Lobby</h1>
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<hw>Lob"by</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To urge the adoption or passage of by soliciting members of a legislative body; <as>as, to <ex>lobby</ex> a bill</as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Lobbyist</h1>
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<hw>Lob"by*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A member of the lobby; a person who solicits members of a legislature for the purpose of influencing legislation.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Lobcock</h1>
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<hw>Lob"cock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dull, sluggish person; a lubber; a lob.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Lobe</h1>
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<hw>Lobe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lobe</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Any projection or division, especially one of a somewhat rounded form</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A rounded projection or division of a leaf</def>. <i>Gray</i>. <sd>(b)</sd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A membranous flap on the sides of the toes of certain birds, as the coot</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A round projecting part of an organ, as of the liver, lungs, brain, etc. See <i>Illust.</i> of <er>Brain</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The projecting part of a cam wheel or of a non-circular gear wheel.</def>

<cs><col>Lobe of the ear</col>, <cd>the soft, fleshy prominence in which the human ear terminates below. See. <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Ear</er>.</cd></cs><-- = earlobe -->

<h1>Lobed</h1>
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<hw>Lobed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having lobes; lobate.</def>

<h1>Lobefoot</h1>
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<hw>Lobe"foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird having lobate toes; esp., a phalarope.</def>

<h1>Lobe-footed</h1>
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<hw>Lobe"-foot`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Lobiped.</def>

<h1>Lobelet</h1>
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<hw>Lobe"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small lobe; a lobule.</def>

<h1>Lobelia</h1>
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<hw>Lo*be"li*a</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. So called from <ets>Lobel</ets>, botanist to King James I.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, including a great number of species. <spn>Lobelia inflata</spn>, or Indian tobacco, is an annual plant of North America, whose leaves contain a poisonous white viscid juice, of an acrid taste. It has often been used in medicine as an emetic, expectorant, etc. <spn>L. cardinalis</spn> is the cardinal flower, remarkable for the deep and vivid red color of its flowers.</def>

<h1>Lobeliaceous</h1>
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<hw>Lo*be`li*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants of which the genus <spn>Lobelia</spn> is the type.</def>

<h1>Lobelin</h1>
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<hw>Lo*be"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A yellowish green resin from <spn>Lobelia</spn>, used as an emetic and diaphoretic.</def>

<h1>Lobeline</h1>
<Xpage=863>

<hw>Lo*be"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous narcotic alkaloid extracted from the leaves of Indian tobacco (<spn>Lobelia inflata</spn>) as a yellow oil, having a tobaccolike taste and odor.</def>

<h1>Lobiped</h1>
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<hw>Lo"bi*ped</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lobe</ets> + L. <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having lobate toes, as a coot.</def>

<h1>Loblolly</h1>
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<hw>Lob"lol`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Gruel; porridge; -- so called among seamen.</def>

<cs><col>Loblolly bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an elegant white-flowered evergreen shrub or small tree, of the genus <spn>Gordonia</spn> (<spn>G. Lasianthus</spn>), growing in the maritime parts of the Southern United States. Its bark is sometimes used in tanning. Also, a similar West Indian tree (<spn>Laplacea h\'91matoxylon</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Loblolly boy</col>, <cd>a surgeon's attendant on shipboard. <i>Smollett</i>.</cd> -- <col>Loblolly pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of pitch pine found from Delaware southward along the coast; old field pine (<spn>Pinus T\'91da</spn>). Also, <spn>P. Bahamensis</spn>, of the West Indies.</cd> -- <col>Loblolly tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name of several West Indian trees, having more or less leathery foliage, but alike in no other respect; as <spn>Pisonia subcordata</spn>, <spn>Cordia alba</spn>, and <spn>Cupania glabra</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lobosa</h1>
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<hw>Lo*bo"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Lobe</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Rhizopoda, in which the pseudopodia are thick and irregular in form, as in the <i>Am\'d2ba</i>.</def>

<h1>Lobscouse</h1>
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<hw>Lob"scouse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>lobscourse</ets> from which <ets>lobscouse</ets> is corrupted.]</ety> <ety>[<ets>Lob</ets> + <ets>course</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A combination of meat with vegetables, bread, etc., usually stewed, sometimes baked; an olio.</def>

<h1>Lobsided</h1>
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<hw>Lob"sid`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Lopsided</er>.</def>

<h1>Lobspound</h1>
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<hw>Lobs"pound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lob</ets> + <ets>pound</ets> a prison.]</ety> <def>A prison.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Lobster</h1>
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<hw>Lob"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>loppestre</ets>, <ets>lopystre</ets> prob., corrupted fr. L. <ets>locusta</ets> a marine shellfish, a kind of lobster, a locust. Cf. <er>Locust</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any large macrurous crustacean used as food, esp. those of the genus <spn>Homarus</spn>; as the American lobster (<spn>H. Americanus</spn>), and the European lobster (<spn>H. vulgaris</spn>). The Norwegian lobster (<spn>Nephrops Norvegicus</spn>) is similar in form. All these have a pair of large unequal claws. The spiny lobsters of more southern waters, belonging to <spn>Palinurus</spn>, <spn>Panulirus</spn>, and allied genera, have no large claws. The fresh-water crayfishes are sometimes called <i>lobsters</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Lobster caterpillar</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the caterpillar of a European bombycid moth (<spn>Stauropus fagi</spn>); -- so called from its form.</cd> <col>Lobster louse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a copepod crustacean (<spn>Nicotho\'89 astaci</spn>) parasitic on the gills of the European lobster.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lobular</h1>
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<hw>Lob"u*lar</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lobulaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like a lobule; pertaining to a lobule or lobules.</def>

<h1>Lobulate, Lobulated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lob"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lob"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made up of, or divided into, lobules; <as>as, a <ex>lobulated</ex> gland</as>.</def>

<h1>Lobule</h1>
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<hw>Lob"ule</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lobule</ets>, dim. of <ets>lobe</ets>. See <er>Lobe</er>.]</ety> <def>A small lobe; a subdivision of a lobe.</def>

<cs><col>Lobule of the ear</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Lobe of the ear</cref>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lobulette</h1>
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<hw>Lob`u*lette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>lobule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A little lobule, or subdivision of a lobule.</def>

<h1>Lobworm</h1>
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<hw>Lob"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lugworm.</def>

<h1>Local</h1>
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<hw>Lo"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>localis</ets>, fr. <ets>locus</ets> place: cf. F. <ets>local</ets>. See <er>Lieu</er>, <er>Locus</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a particular place, or to a definite region or portion of space; restricted to one place or region; <as>as, a <ex>local</ex> custom</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Gives to airy nothing
A <b>local</b> habitation and a name.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Local actions</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>actions such as must be brought in a particular county, where the cause arises; -- distinguished from <i>transitory actions<i>.</cd> -- <col>Local affection</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a disease or ailment confined to a particular part or organ, and not directly affecting the system.</cd> -- <col>Local attraction</col> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld>, <cd>an attraction near a compass, causing its needle to deviate from its proper direction, especially on shipboard.</cd> -- <col>Local battery</col> <fld>(Teleg.)</fld>, <cd>the battery which actuates the recording instruments of a telegraphic station, as distinguished from the battery furnishing a current for the line.</cd> -- <col>Local circuit</col> <fld>(Teleg.)</fld>, <cd>the circuit of the local battery.</cd> -- <col>Local color</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <cd>The color which belongs to an object, and is not caused by accidental influences, as of reflection, shadow, etc.</cd>  <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Literature)</fld> <cd>Peculiarities of the place and its inhabitants where the scene of an action or story is laid.</cd> -- <col>Local option</col>, <cd>the right or obligation of determining by popular vote within certain districts, as in each county, city, or town, whether the sale of alcoholic beverages within the district shall be allowed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Local</h1>
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<hw>Lo"cal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A train which receives and deposits passengers or freight along the line of the road; a train for the accommodation of a certain district.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>
<-- a train or bus which stops at all stations along a line, as contrasted with an express, which stops only at certain stations designated as express stops -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>On newspaper cant, an item of news relating to the place where the paper is published.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Locale</h1>
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<hw>Lo`cale"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>local</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place, spot, or location.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A principle, practice, form of speech, or other thing of local use, or limited to a locality.</def>

<h1>Localism</h1>
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<hw>Lo"cal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being local; affection for a particular place.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A method of speaking or acting peculiar to a certain district; a local idiom or phrase.</def>

<h1>Locality</h1>
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<hw>Lo*cal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Localitiees</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>localitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>localit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state, or condition, of belonging to a definite place, or of being contained within definite limits.</def>

<blockquote>It is thought that the soul and angels are devoid of quantity
and dimension, and that they have nothing to do with grosser <b>locality</b>.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="864">
Page 864<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Position; situation; a place; a spot; esp., a geographical place or situation, as of a mineral or plant.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Limitation to a county, district, or place; <as>as, <ex>locality</ex> of trial</as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>The perceptive faculty concerned with the ability to remember the relative positions of places.</def>

<h1>Localization</h1>
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<hw>Lo`cal*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>localisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of localizing, or state of being localized.</def>

<cs><col>Cerebral localization</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the localization of the control of special functions, as of sight or of the various movements of the body, in special regions of the brain.</cd></cs>

<h1>Localize</h1>
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<hw>Lo"cal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Localized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Localizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>localiser</ets>. See <er>Local</er>.]</ety> <def>To make local; to fix in, or assign to, a definite place.</def>

<i>H. Spencer. Wordsworth.</i>

<h1>Locally</h1>
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<hw>Lo"cal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With respect to place; in place; <as>as, to be <ex>locally</ex> separated or distant</as>.</def>

<h1>Locate</h1>
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<hw>Lo"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Located</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Locating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>locatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>locare</ets> to place, fr. <ets>locus</ets> place. See <er>Local</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place; to set in a particular spot or position.</def>

<blockquote>The captives and emigrants whom he brought with him were <b>located</b> in the trans-Tiberine quarter.
<i>B. F. Westcott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To designate the site or place of; to define the limits of; <as>as, to <ex>locate</ex> a public building; to <ex>locate</ex> a mining claim; to <ex>locate</ex> (the land granted by) a land warrant.</as></def>

<blockquote>That part of the body in which the sense of touch is <b>located</b>.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Locate</h1>
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<hw>Lo"cate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To place one's self; to take up one's residence; to settle.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Location</h1>
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<hw>Lo*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>locatio</ets>, fr. <ets>locare</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of locating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Situation; place; locality.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is located; a tract of land designated in place.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>A leasing on rent.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A contract for the use of a thing, or service of a person, for hire</def>. <i>Wharton</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Amer. Law)</fld> <def>The marking out of the boundaries, or identifying the place or site of, a piece of land, according to the description given in an entry, plan, map, etc.</def>

<i>Burrill. Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Locative</h1>
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<hw>Loc"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Indicating place, or the place where, or wherein; <as>as, a <ex>locative</ex> adjective; <ex>locative</ex> case of a noun.</as></def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The locative case.</def></def2>

<h1>Locator</h1>
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<hw>Lo"ca*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who locates, or is entitled to locate, land or a mining claim.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Locellate</h1>
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<hw>Lo*cel"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>locellus</ets> a compartment, dim. of <ets>locus</ets> a place.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Divided into secondary compartments or cells, as where one cavity is separated into several smaller ones.</def>

<h1>Loch</h1>
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<hw>Loch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. & Olr. <ets>loch</ets>. See <er>Lake</er> of water.]</ety> <def>A lake; a bay or arm of the sea.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Loch</h1>
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<hw>Loch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>looch</ets>, Ar. <ets>la'<?/g</ets>, an electuary, or any medicine which may be licked or sucked, fr. <ets>la'<?/g</ets> to lick.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of medicine to be taken by licking with the tongue; a lambative; a lincture.</def>

<h1>Lochaber ax, Lochaber axe</h1>
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<hw><hw>Loch*a"ber ax"</hw>, <hw>Loch*a"ber axe"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[So called from <ets>Lochaber</ets>, in Scotland.]</ety> <def>A weapon of war, consisting of a pole armed with an axhead at its end, formerly used by the Scotch Highlanders.</def>

<h1>Lochage</h1>
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<hw>Loch"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An officer who commanded a company; a captain.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Lochan</h1>
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<hw>Loch"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. See 1st <er>Loch</er>.]</ety> <def>A small lake; a pond.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>A pond or <b>lochan</b> rather than a lake.
<i>H. Miller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Loche</h1>
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<hw>Loche</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Loach</er>.</def>

<h1>Lochia</h1>
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<hw>Lo*chi"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, pl., fr. <?/ belonging to childbirth, <?/ a lying in, childbirth.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The discharge from the womb and vagina which follows childbirth.</def>

<h1>Lochial</h1>
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<hw>Lo"chi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lochial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the lochia.</def>

<h1>Lock</h1>
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<hw>Lock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>locc</ets>; akin to D. <ets>lok</ets>, G. <ets>locke</ets>, OHG. loc, Icel. <ets>lokkr</ets>, and perh. to Gr. <?/ to bend, twist.]</ety> <def>A tuft of hair; a flock or small quantity of wool, hay, or other like substance; a tress or ringlet of hair.</def>

<blockquote>These gray <b>locks</b>, the pursuivants of death.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lock</h1>
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<hw>Lock</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>loc</ets> inclosure, an inclosed place, the fastening of a door, fr. <ets>l&umac;can</ets> to lock, fasten; akin to OS. <ets>l&umac;kan</ets> (in comp.), D. <ets>luiken</ets>, OHG. <ets>l&umac;hhan</ets>, Icel. <ets>l<?/ka</ets>, Goth. <ets>l&umac;kan</ets> (in comp.); cf. Skr. <ets>ruj</ets> to break. Cf. <er>Locket</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything that fastens; specifically, a fastening, as for a door, a lid, a trunk, a drawer, and the like, in which a bolt is moved by a key so as to hold or to release the thing fastened.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fastening together or interlacing; a closing of one thing upon another; a state of being fixed or immovable.</def>

<blockquote>Albemarle Street closed by a <b>lock</b> of carriages.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A place from which egress is prevented, as by a lock.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The barrier or works which confine the water of a stream or canal.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An inclosure in a canal with gates at each end, used in raising or lowering boats as they pass from one level to another; -- called also <altname>lift lock</altname>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>That part or apparatus of a firearm by which the charge is exploded; <as>as, a match<ex>lock</ex>, flint<ex>lock</ex>, percussion <ex>lock</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A device for keeping a wheel from turning.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A grapple in wrestling.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>Detector lock</col>, <cd>a lock containing a contrivance for showing whether it as has been tampered with.</cd> -- <col>Lock bay</col> <fld>(Canals)</fld>, <cd>the body of water in a lock chamber.</cd> -- <col>Lock chamber</col>, <cd>the inclosed space between the gates of a canal lock.</cd> -- <col>Lock nut</col>. <cd>See <cref>Check nut</cref>, under <er>Check</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lock plate</col>, <cd>a plate to which the mechanism of a gunlock is attached.</cd> -- <col>Lock rail</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>in ordinary paneled doors, the rail nearest the lock.</cd> <col>Lock rand</col> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>a range of bond stone. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Mortise lock</col>, <cd>a door lock inserted in a mortise.</cd> -- <col>Rim lock</col>, <cd>a lock fastened to the face of a door, thus differing from a <cref>mortise lock</cref>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lock</h1>
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<hw>Lock</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Locked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Locking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fasten with a lock, or as with a lock; to make fast; to prevent free movement of; <as>as, to <ex>lock</ex> a door, a carriage wheel, a river, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prevent ingress or access to, or exit from, by fastening the lock or locks of; -- often with <ptcl>up</ptcl>; <as>as, to <ex>lock</ex> or <ex>lock up</ex>, a house, jail, room, trunk</as>. etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fasten in or out, or to make secure by means of, or as with, locks; to confine, or to shut in or out -- often with <ptcl>up</ptcl>; <as>as, to <ex>lock</ex> one's self in a room; to <ex>lock</ex> up the prisoners; to <ex>lock</ex> up one's silver; to <ex>lock</ex> intruders out of the house; to <ex>lock</ex> money into a vault; to <ex>lock</ex> a child in one's arms; to <ex>lock</ex> a secret in one's breast.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To link together; to clasp closely; <as>as, to <ex>lock</ex> arms</as>.</def> " <i>Lock</i> hand in hand."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Canals)</fld> <def>To furnish with locks; also, to raise or lower (a boat) in a lock.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Fencing)</fld> <def>To seize, as the sword arm of an antagonist, by turning the left arm around it, to disarm him.</def>

<h1>Lock</h1>
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<hw>Lock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become fast, as by means of a lock or by interlacing; <as>as, the door <ex>locks</ex> close</as>.</def>

<blockquote>When it <b>locked</b> none might through it pass.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To lock into</col>, <cd>to fit or slide into; <as>as, they <ex>lock into<ex> each other</as>.</cd></cs>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Lockage</h1>
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<hw>Lock"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Materials for locks in a canal, or the works forming a lock or locks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Toll paid for passing the locks of a canal.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Amount of elevation and descent made by the locks of a canal.</def>

<blockquote>The entire <b>lock</b> will be about fifty feet.
<i>De Witt Clinton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lock-down</h1>
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<hw>Lock"-down`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A contrivance to fasten logs together in rafting; -- used by lumbermen.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Locked-jaw</h1>
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<hw>Locked"-jaw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lockjaw</er>.</def>

<h1>Locken</h1>
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<hw>Lock"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs. p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Lock</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Locken</h1>
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<hw>Lock"en</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The globeflower (<spn>Trollius</spn>).</def>

<h1>Locker</h1>
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<hw>Lock"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, locks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A drawer, cupboard, compartment, or chest, esp. one in a ship, that may be closed with a lock.</def>

<cs><col>Chain locker</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a compartment in the hold of a vessel, for holding the chain cables.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Davy Jones's locker</col>, &or; <col>Davy's locker</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Davy Jones</er>.</cd> -- <col>Shot locker</col>, <cd>a compartment where shot are deposited.</cd></cs>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Locket</h1>
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<hw>Lock"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>loquet</ets> latch, dim. of OF. <ets>loc</ets> latch, lock; of German origin. See <er>Lock</er> a fastening.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A small lock; a catch or spring to fasten a necklace or other ornament.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A little case for holding a miniature or lock of hair, usually suspended from a necklace or watch chain.</def>

<h1>Lock hospital</h1>
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<hw>Lock" hos"pi*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A hospital for the treatment of venereal diseases.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Lockjaw</h1>
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<hw>Lock"jaw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A contraction of the muscles of the jaw by which its motion is suspended; a variety of tetanus.</def>

<h1>Lockless</h1>
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<hw>Lock"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of a lock.</def>

<h1>Lockman</h1>
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<hw>Lock"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A public executioner.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Lockout</h1>
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<hw>Lock"out`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The closing of a factory or workshop by an employer, usually in order to bring the workmen to satisfactory terms by a suspension of wages.</def>

<h1>Lockram</h1>
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<hw>Lock"ram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>locrenan</ets>, <ets>locronan</ets>; from <ets>Locronan</ets>, in Brittany, where it is said to have been made.]</ety> <def>A kind of linen cloth anciently used in England, originally imported from Brittany.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Locksmith</h1>
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<hw>Lock"smith`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An artificer whose occupation is to make or mend locks.</def>

<h1>Lock step</h1>
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<hw>Lock" step`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A mode of marching by a body of men going one after another as closely as possible, in which the leg of each moves at the same time with the corresponding leg of the person before him.</def>

<h1>Lock stitch</h1>
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<hw>Lock" stitch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A peculiar sort of stitch formed by the locking of two threads together, as in the work done by some sewing machines. See <er>Stitch</er>.</def>

<h1>Lockup</h1>
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<hw>Lock"up`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place where persons under arrest are temporarily locked up; a watchhouse.</def>

<h1>Lock-weir</h1>
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<hw>Lock"-weir`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A waste weir for a canal, discharging into a lock chamber.</def>

<h1>Locky</h1>
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<hw>Lock"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having locks or tufts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Loco</h1>
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<hw>Lo"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A direction in written or printed music to return to the proper pitch after having played an octave higher.</def>

<h1>Loco</h1>
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<hw>Lo"co</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>loco</ets> insane.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Astragalus Hornii</spn>) growing in the Southwestern United States, which is said to poison horses and cattle, first making them insane. The name is also given vaguely to several other species of the same genus. Called also <altname>loco weed</altname>.</def>

<h1>Locofoco</h1>
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<hw>Lo`co*fo"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain etymol.; perh. for L. <ets>loco foci</ets> instead of fire; or, according to Bartlett, it was called so from a self-lighting cigar, with a match composition at the end, invented in 1834 by John Marck of New York, and called by him <ets>locofoco cigar</ets>, in imitation of the word <ets>locomotive</ets>, which by the uneducated was supposed to mean, self-moving.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A friction match.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A nickname formerly given to a member of the Democratic party.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<note>&hand; The name was first applied, in 1834, to a portion of the Democratic party, because, at a meeting in Tammany Hall, New York, in which there was great diversity of sentiment, the chairman left his seat, and the lights were extinguished, for the purpose of dissolving the meeting; when those who were opposed to an adjournment produced <i>locofoco</i> matches, rekindled the lights, continued the meeting, and accomplished their object.</note>

<h1>Locomotion</h1>
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<hw>Lo`co*mo"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>locus</ets> place +  <ets>motio</ets> motion: cf. F. <ets>locomotion</ets>. See <er>Local</er>, and <er>Motion</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of moving from place to place. " Animal <i>locomotion</i>." <i>Milton.</i></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The power of moving from place to place, characteristic of the higher animals and some of the lower forms of plant life.</def>

<-- 3. the name of a song and a dance, briefly popular in the 1960's -->

<h1>Locomotive</h1>
<Xpage=864>

<hw>Lo"co*mo`tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>locomotif</ets>. See <er>Locomotion</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Moving from place to place; changing place, or able to change place; <as>as, a <ex>locomotive</ex> animal</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Used in producing motion; <as>as, the <ex>locomotive</ex> organs of an animal</as>.</def>

<h1>Locomotive</h1>
<Xpage=864>

<hw>Lo"co*mo`tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A locomotive engine; a self-propelling wheel carriage, especially one which bears a steam boiler and one or more steam engines which communicate motion to the wheels and thus propel the carriage, -- used to convey goods or passengers, or to draw wagons, railroad cars, etc. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<cs><col>Consolidation locomotive</col>, <cd>a locomotive having four pairs of connected drivers.</cd> -- <col>Locomotive car</col>, <cd>a locomotive and a car combined in one vehicle; a dummy engine.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Locomotive engine</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Locomotive</er>, above.</cd> -- <col>Mogul locomotive</col>. <cd>See <er>Mogul</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Locomotiveness, Locomotivity</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lo"co*mo`tive*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lo`co*mo*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>locomotivit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The power of changing place.</def>

<h1>Locomotor</h1>
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<hw>Lo`co*mo"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Locomotion</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to movement or locomotion.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Locomotor ataxia</col>, &or; <col>Progressive locomotor ataxy</col></mcol> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a disease of the spinal cord characterized by peculiar disturbances of gait, and difficulty in co\'94rdinating voluntary movements.</cd></cs>

<h1>Loculament</h1>
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<hw>Loc"u*la*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>loculamentum</ets> case, box, fr. <ets>loculus</ets> a compartment, dim. of <ets>locus</ets> place.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The cell of a pericarp in which the seed is lodged.</def>

<h1>Locular</h1>
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<hw>Loc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>locularis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or relating to the cell or compartment of an ovary, etc.; in composition, having cells; as tri<i>locular</i>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Loculate</h1>
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<hw>Loc"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>loculatus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Divided into compartments.</def>

<h1>Locule</h1>
<Xpage=864>

<hw>Loc"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>locule</ets>. See <er>Loculus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A little hollow; a loculus.</def>

<h1>Loculicidal</h1>
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<hw>Loc"u*li*ci`dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>loculus</ets> cell + <ets>caedere</ets> to cut: cf. F. <ets>loculicide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Dehiscent through the middle of the back of each cell; -- said of capsules.</def>

<h1>Loculose, Loculous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Loc"u*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Loc"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>loculosus</ets>. See <er>Loculament</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Divided by internal partitions into cells, as the pith of the pokeweed.</def>

<h1>Loculus</h1>
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<hw>Loc"u*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Loculi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., little place, a compartment.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the spaces between the septa in the Anthozoa.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the compartments of a several-celled ovary; loculament.</def>

<h1>Locum tenens</h1>
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<hw>Lo"cum te"nens</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., holding the place; <ets>locus</ets> place + <ets>tenens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>tenere</ets> to hold. Cf. <er>Lieutenant</er>.]</ety> <def>A substitute or deputy; one filling an office for a time.</def>

<h1>Locus</h1>
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<hw>Lo"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Loci</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, & <plw>Loca</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., place. Cf. <er>Allow</er>, <er>Couch</er>, <er>Lieu</er>, <er>Local</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place; a locality.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The line traced by a point which varies its position according to some determinate law; the surface described by a point or line that moves according to a given law.</def>

<cs><col>Plane locus</col>, <cd>a locus that is a straight line, or a circle.</cd> -- <col>Solid locus</col>, <cd>a locus that is one of the conic sections.</cd></cs>

<h1>Locust</h1>
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<hw>Lo"cust</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>locusta</ets> locust, grasshopper. Cf. <er>Lobster</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of long-winged, migratory, orthopterous insects, of the family <spn>Acridid\'91</spn>, allied to the grasshoppers; esp., (<spn>Edipoda, &or; Pachytylus, migratoria</spn>, and <spn>Acridium perigrinum</spn>, of Southern Europe, Asia, and Africa. In the United States the related species with similar habits are usually called <altname>grasshoppers</altname>. See <er>Grasshopper</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; These insects are at times so numerous in Africa and the south of Asia as to devour every green thing; and when they migrate, they fly in an immense cloud. In the United States the harvest flies are improperly called <i>locusts</i>. See <er>Cicada</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Locust beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a longicorn beetle (<spn>Cyllene robini\'91</spn>), which, in the larval state, bores holes in the wood of the locust tree. Its color is brownish black, barred with yellow. Called also <altname>locust borer</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Locust bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>the rose-colored starling or pastor of India. See <er>Pastor</er>.</cd> -- <col>Locust hunter</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an African bird; the beefeater.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The locust tree. See <er>Locust Tree</er> (definition, note, and phrases).</def>

<cs><col>Locust bean</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a commercial name for the sweet pod of the carob tree.</cd></cs>

<h1>Locusta</h1>
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<hw>Lo*cus"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.: cf. <ets>locuste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The spikelet or flower cluster of grasses.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Locustella</h1>
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<hw>Lo`cus*tel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>locusta</ets> a locust.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European cricket warbler.</def>

<h1>Locustic</h1>
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<hw>Lo*cus"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the locust; -- formerly used to designate a supposed acid.</def>

<h1>Locusting</h1>
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<hw>Lo"cust*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Swarming and devastating like locusts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Locust tree</h1>
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<hw>Lo"cust tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large North American tree of the genus <spn>Robinia</spn> (<spn>R. Pseudacacia</spn>), producing large slender racemes of white, fragrant, papilionaceous flowers, and often cultivated as an ornamental tree. In England it is called <altname>acacia</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also applied to other trees of different genera, especially to those of the genus <spn>Hymen\'91a</spn>, of which <spn>H. Courbaril</spn> is a lofty, spreading tree of South America; also to the carob tree (<spn>Ceratonia siliqua</spn>), a tree growing in the Mediterranean region.</note>

<cs><col>Honey locust tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree of the genus <spn>Gleditschia</spn> ) <spn>G. triacanthus</spn>), having pinnate leaves and strong branching thorns; -- so called from a sweet pulp found between the seeds in the pods. Called also simply <altname>honey locust</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Water locust tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small swamp tree (<spn>Gleditschia monosperma</spn>), of the Southern United States.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="865">
Page 865<p>

<h1>Locution</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Lo*cu"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>locutio</ets>, fr. <ets>loqui</ets> to speak: cf. F. <ets>locution</ets>. ]</ety> <def>Speech or discourse; a phrase; a form or mode of expression.</def> " Stumbling <i>locutions</i>."

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<blockquote>I hate these figures in <b>locution</b>,
These about phrases forced by ceremony.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Locutory</h1>
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<hw>Loc"u*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A room for conversation; especially, a room in monasteries, where the monks were allowed to converse.</def>

<h1>Lodde</h1>
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<hw>Lod"de</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The capelin.</def>

<h1>Lode</h1>
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<hw>Lode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>l\'bed</ets> way, journey, fr. <ets>l\'c6\'eban</ets> to go. See <er>Lead</er> to guide, and cf. <er>Load</er> a burden.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A water course or way; a reach of water.</def>

<blockquote>Down that long, dark <b>lode</b> . . .  he and his brother skated home in triumph.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A metallic vein; any regular vein or course, whether metallic or not.</def>

<h1>Lodemanage</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Lode"man*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lodemenage</ets>. <ets>Chaucer</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pilotage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lodeship</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Lode"*ship`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An old name for a pilot boat.</def>

<h1>Lodesman</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Lodes"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Loadsman</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lodestar</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Lode"star`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Loadstar</er>.</def>

<h1>Lodestone</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Lode"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Loadstone</er>.</def>

<h1>Lodge</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Lodge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>loge</ets>, <ets>logge</ets>, F. <ets>loge</ets>, LL. <ets>laubia</ets> porch, gallery, fr. OHG. <ets>louba</ets>, G. <ets>laube</ets>, arbor, bower, fr. <ets>lab</ets> foliage. See <er>Leaf</er>, and cf. <er>Lobby</er>, <er>Loggia</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shelter in which one may rest; as: <sd>(a)</sd> A shed; a rude cabin; a hut; <as>as, an Indian's <ex>lodge</ex></as>.</def> <i>Chaucer</i>.

<blockquote>Their <b>lodges</b> and their tentis up they gan bigge [to build].
<i>Robert of Brunne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O for a <b>lodge</b> in some vast wilderness!
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small dwelling house, as for a gamekeeper or gatekeeper of an estate.</def> <i>Shak</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A den or cave.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The meeting room of an association; hence, the regularly constituted body of members which meets there; as, a masonic <i>lodge</i>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The chamber of an abbot, prior, or head of a college</def>.

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The space at the mouth of a level next the shaft, widened to permit wagons to pass, or ore to be deposited for hoisting; -- called also <altname>platt</altname>.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A collection of objects lodged together.</def>

<blockquote>The Maldives, a famous <b>lodge</b> of islands.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A family of North American Indians, or the persons who usually occupy an Indian lodge, -- as a unit of enumeration, reckoned from four to six persons; <as>as, the tribe consists of about two hundred <ex>lodges</ex>, that is, of about a thousand individuals</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Lodge gate</col>, <cd>a park gate, or entrance gate, near the lodge. See <er>Lodge</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1 <sd>(b)</sd>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lodge</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Lodge</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lodged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lodging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rest or remain a lodge house, or other shelter; to rest; to stay; to abide; esp., to sleep at night; <as>as, to <ex>lodge</ex> in York Street</as>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Stay and <b>lodge</b> by me this night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Something holy <b>lodges</b> in that breast.
<i>Milton</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fall or lie down, as grass or grain, when overgrown or beaten down by the wind.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To come to a rest; to stop and remain; <as>as, the bullet <ex>lodged</ex> in the bark of a tree</as>.</def>

<h1>Lodge</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Lodge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>loggen</ets>, OF. <ets>logier</ets>, F. <ets>loger</ets>. See <er>Lodge</er>, <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give shelter or rest to; especially, to furnish a sleeping place for; to harbor; to shelter; hence, to receive; to hold.</def>

<blockquote>Every house was proud to <b>lodge</b> a knight.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The memory can <b>lodge</b> a greater stone of images that all the senses can present at one time.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To drive to shelter; to track to covert.</def>

<blockquote>The deer is <b>lodged</b>; I have tracked her to her covert.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deposit for keeping or preservation; <as>as, the men <ex>lodged</ex> their arms in the arsenal</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cause to stop or rest in; to implant.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>lodged</b> an arrow in a tender breast.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To lay down; to prostrate.</def>

<blockquote>Though bladed corn be <b>lodged</b>, and trees blown down.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To lodge an information</col>, <cd>to enter a formal complaint.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lodgeable</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Lodge"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>logeable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That may be or can be lodged; <as>as, so many persons are not <ex>lodgeable</ex> in this village</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of affording lodging; fit for lodging in.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> " The <i>lodgeable</i> area of the earth."

<i>Jeffrey.</i>

<h1>Lodged</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Lodged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Lying down; -- used of beasts of the chase, as <i>couchant</i> is of beasts of prey.</def>

<h1>Lodgement</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Lodge"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lodgment</er>.</def>

<h1>Lodger</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Lodg"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, lodges; one who occupies a hired room in another's house.</def>

<h1>Lodging</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Lodg"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who, or that which, lodges.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place of rest, or of temporary habitation; esp., a sleeping apartment; -- often in the plural with a singular meaning.</def>

<i>Gower.</i>

<blockquote>Wits take <b>lodgings</b> in the sound of Bow.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Abiding place; harbor; cover.</def>

<blockquote>Fair bosom . . . the <b>lodging</b> of delight.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Lodging house</col>, <cd>a house where lodgings are provided and let.</cd> -- <col>Lodging room</col>, <cd>a room in which a person lodges, esp. a hired room.</cd>

<h1>Lodgment</h1>
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<hw>Lodg"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lodgement</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>logement</ets>. See <er>Lodge</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of lodging, or the state of being lodged.</def>

<blockquote>Any particle which is of size enough to make a <b>lodgment</b> afterwards in the small arteries.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lodging place; a room.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An accumulation or collection of something deposited in a place or remaining at rest.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The occupation and holding of a position, as by a besieging party; an instrument thrown up in a captured position; <as>as, to effect a <ex>lodgment</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Lodicule</h1>
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<hw>Lod"i*cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lodicula</ets>. dim, of <ets>lodix</ets>, <ets>lodicis</ets>, a coverlet: cf. F. <ets>lodicule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the two or three delicate membranous scales which are next to the stamens in grasses.</def>

<h1>Loellingite</h1>
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<hw>Loel"ling*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from <ets>L\'94lling</ets>, in Austria.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A tin-white arsenide of iron, isomorphous with arsenopyrite.</def>

<h1>Loess</h1>
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<hw>Loess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>l\'94ss</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A quaternary deposit, usually consisting of a fine yellowish earth, on the banks of the Rhine and other large rivers.</def>

<h1>Loeven's larva</h1>
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<hw>Loev"en's lar"va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Named after the Swedish zo\'94logist, S. F. <ets>L\'94ven</ets>, who discovered it.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The peculiar larva of Polygordius. See <er>Polygordius</er>.</def>

<h1>Loffe</h1>
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<hw>Loffe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To laugh.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Loft</h1>
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<hw>Loft</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>lopt</ets> air, heaven, loft, upper room; akin to AS. <ets>lyft</ets> air, G. <ets>luft</ets>, Dan. <ets>loft</ets> loft, Goth. <ets>luftus</ets> air. Cf. <er>Lift</er>, <tt>v.</tt> & <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety> <def>That which is lifted up; an elevation.</def> Hence, especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The room or space under a roof and above the ceiling of the uppermost story.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A gallery or raised apartment in a church, hall, etc.; <as>as, an organ <ex>loft</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A floor or room placed above another; a story.</def>

<blockquote>Eutychus . . . fell down from the third <b>loft</b>.
<i>Acts xx. 9.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>On loft</col>, <cd>aloft; on high. Cf. <er>Onloft</er>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Loft</h1>
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<hw>Loft</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lofty; proud.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark>

<i>Surrey.</i>

<h1>Loftily</h1>
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<hw>Loft"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lofty</er>.]</ety> <def>In a lofty manner or position; haughtily.</def>

<h1>Loftiness</h1>
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<hw>Loft"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being lofty.</def>

<h1>Lofty</h1>
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<hw>Loft"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Loftier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Loftiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Loft</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lifted high up; having great height; towering; high.</def>

<blockquote>See <b>lofty</b> Lebanon his head advance.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Elevated in character, rank, dignity, spirit, bearing, language, etc.; exalted; noble; stately; characterized by pride; haughty.</def>

<blockquote>The high and <b>lofty</b> One, that inhabiteth eternity.
<i>Is. lvii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Lofty</b> and sour to them that loved him not.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Himself to sing, and build the <b>lofty</b> rhyme.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Tall; high; exalted; dignified; stately; majestic; sublime; proud; haughty. See <er>Tall</er>.</syn>

<h1>Log</h1>
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<hw>Log</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>l&omac;g</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Hebrew measure of liquids, containing 2.37 gills.</def>

<i>W. H. Ward. </i>

<h1>Log</h1>
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<hw>Log</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>l\'beg</ets> a felled tree, log; akin to E. <ets>lie</ets>. See <er>Lie</er> to lie prostrate.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bulky piece of wood which has not been shaped by hewing or sawing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Prob. the same word as in sense 1; cf. LG. <ets>log</ets>, <ets>lock</ets>, Dan. <ets>log</ets>, Sw. <ets>logg</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for measuring the rate of a ship's motion through the water.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>common log</i> consists of the <i>log-chip</i>, or <i>logship</i>, often exclusively called the <i>log</i>, and the <i>log line</i>, the former being commonly a thin wooden quadrant of five or six inches radius, loaded with lead on the arc to make it float with the point up. It is attached to the log line by cords from each corner. This line is divided into equal spaces, called <i>knots</i>, each bearing the same proportion to a mile that half a minute does to an hour. The line is wound on a reel which is so held as to let it run off freely. When the log is thrown, the log-chip is kept by the water from being drawn forward, and the speed of the ship is shown by the number of knots run out in half a minute. There are improved logs, consisting of a piece of mechanism which, being towed astern, shows the distance actually gone through by the ship, by means of the revolutions of a fly, which are registered on a dial plate.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: The record of the rate of ship's speed or of her daily progress; also, the full nautical record of a ship's cruise or voyage; a log slate; a log book.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A record and tabulated statement of the work done by an engine, as of a steamship, of the coal consumed, and of other items relating to the performance of machinery during a given time.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A weight or block near the free end of a hoisting rope to prevent it from being drawn through the sheave.</def>

<cs><col>Log board</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a board consisting of two parts shutting together like a book, with columns in which are entered the direction of the wind, course of the ship, etc., during each hour of the day and night. These entries are transferred to the log book. A folding slate is now used instead.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Log book</col>, &or; <col>Logbook</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a book in which is entered the daily progress of a ship at sea, as indicated by the log, with notes on the weather and incidents of the voyage; the contents of the log board.</cd> <mcol><col>Log cabin</col>, <col>Log house</col></mcol>, <cd>a cabin or house made of logs.</cd> -- <col>Log canoe</col>, <cd>a canoe made by shaping and hollowing out a single log.</cd><-- = dugout canoe --> -- <col>Log glass</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a small sandglass used to time the running out of the log line.</cd> -- <col>Log line</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a line or cord about a hundred and fifty fathoms long, fastened to the log-chip. See Note under 2d <er>Log</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Log perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an ethiostomoid fish, or darter (<spn>Percina caprodes</spn>); -- called also <altname>hogfish</altname> and <altname>rockfish</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Log reel</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the reel on which the log line is wound.</cd> -- <col>Log slate</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Log board</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Rough log</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a first draught of a record of the cruise or voyage.</cd> -- <col>Smooth log</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a clean copy of the rough log. In the case of naval vessels this copy is forwarded to the proper officer of the government.</cd> -- <col>To heave the log</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to cast the log-chip into the water; also, the whole process of ascertaining a vessel's speed by the log.</cd></cs>

<h1>Log</h1>
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<hw>Log</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Logged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Logging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Naut.)</fld><def>, To enter in a ship's log book; <as>as, to <ex>log</ex> the miles run</as>.</def>

<i>J. F. Cooper.</i>

<h1>Log</h1>
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<hw>Log</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To engage in the business of cutting or transporting logs for timber; to get out logs.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move to and fro; to rock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Logan</h1>
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<hw>Log"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rocking or balanced stone.</def>

<i>Gwill.</i>

<h1>Loga\'d2dic</h1>
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<hw>Log`a*\'d2d"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ discourse, prose + <?/ song.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Pros.)</fld> <def>Composed of dactyls and trochees so arranged as to produce a movement<-- ? ve illegible --> like that of ordinary speech.</def>

<h1>Logarithm</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Log"a*rithm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ word, account, proportion + <?/ number: cf. F. <ets>logarithme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>One of a class of auxiliary numbers, devised by John Napier, of Merchiston, Scotland (1550-1617), to abridge arithmetical calculations, by the use of addition and subtraction in place of multiplication and division. <note>The relation of <i>logarithms</i> to common numbers is that of numbers in an arithmetical series to corresponding numbers in a geometrical series, so that sums and differences of the former indicate respectively products and quotients of the latter; thus</def>

<table>
<row>0    1    2     3      4       Indices or logarithms</row>
<row>1   10   100  1000  10,000     Numbers in geometrical progression</row>
</table>

Hence, the logarithm of any given number is the exponent of a power to which another given invariable number, called the <i>base</i>, must be raised in order to produce that given number. Thus, let 10 be the base, then 2 is the logarithm of 100, because <mathex>10<exp>2</exp> = 100</mathex>, and 3 is the logarithm of 1,000, because <mathex>10<exp>3</exp> = 1,000</mathex>.

<cs><col>Arithmetical complement of a logarithm</col>, <cd>the difference between a logarithm and the number ten.</cd> -- <col>Binary logarithms</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Binary</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Common logarithms</col>, &or; <col>Brigg's logarithms</col></mcol>, <cd>logarithms of which the base is 10; -- so called from Henry <i>Briggs<i>, who invented them.</cd> -- <col>Gauss's logarithms</col>, <cd>tables of logarithms constructed for facilitating the operation of finding the logarithm of the sum of difference of two quantities from the logarithms of the quantities, one entry of those tables and two additions or subtractions answering the purpose of three entries of the common tables and one addition or subtraction.</cd> They were suggested by the celebrated German mathematician Karl Friedrich <i>Gauss</i> (died in 1855), and are of great service in many astronomical computations. -- <mcol><col>Hyperbolic, &or; Napierian</col>, <col>logarithms</col><-- usually called 'natural logarithms' --></mcol>, <cd>those logarithms (devised by John Speidell, 1619) of which the base is 2.7182818; -- so called from <i>Napier<i>, the inventor of logarithms.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Logistic</col> &or; <col>Proportionallogarithms.</col></mcol>, <cd>See under <er>Logistic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Logarithmetic, Logarithmetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Log`a*rith*met"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Log"a*rith*met"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Logarithmic</er>.</def>

<h1>Logarithmetically</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Log`a*rith*met"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Logarithmically.</def>

<h1>Logarithmic, Logarithmical</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw><hw>Log`a*rith"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Log`a*rith"mic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>logarithmique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to logarithms; consisting of logarithms.</def>

<cs><col>Logarithmic curve</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a curve which, referred to a system of rectangular co\'94rdinate axes, is such that the ordinate of any point will be the logarithm of its abscissa.</cd> -- <col>Logarithmic spiral</col>, <cd>a spiral curve such that radii drawn from its pole or eye at equal angles with each other are in continual proportion. See <er>Spiral</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Logarithmically</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Log`a*rith"mic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By the use of logarithms.</def>

<h1>Log-chip</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Log"-chip`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A thin, flat piece of board in the form of a quadrant of a circle attached to the log line; -- called also <altname>log-ship</altname>. See 2d <er>Log</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Logcock</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Log"cock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The pileated woodpecker.</def>

<h1>Loge</h1>
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<hw>Loge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Lodge</er>.]</ety> <def>A lodge; a habitation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Loggan</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Log"gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Logan</er>.</def>

<h1>Loggat</h1>
<Xpage=865>

<hw>Log"gat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Also written <ets>logget</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small log or piece of wood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An old game in England, played by throwing pieces of wood at a stake set in the ground.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Logge</h1>
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<hw>Logge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Lodge</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Logged</h1>
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<hw>Logged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made slow and heavy in movement; water-logged.</def>

<i>Beaconsfield.</i>

<h1>Logger</h1>
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<hw>Log"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One engaged in logging. See <er>Log</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Loggerhead</h1>
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<hw>Log"ger*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Log</ets> + <ets>head</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A blockhead; a dunce; a numskull.</def>

<i>Shak. Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A spherical mass of iron, with a long handle, used to heat tar.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An upright piece of round timber, in a whaleboat, over which a turn of the line is taken when it is running out too fast.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very large marine turtle (<spn>Thalassochelys caretta, &or; caouana</spn>), common in the warmer parts of the Atlantic Ocean, from Brazil to Cape Cod; -- called also <altname>logger-headed turtle</altname>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American shrike (<spn>Lanius Ludovicianus</spn>), similar to the butcher bird, but smaller. See <er>Shrike</er>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To be at loggerheads</col>, <col>To fall to loggerheads</col>, &or; <col>To go to loggerheads</col></mcol>, <cd>to quarrel; to be at strife.</cd></cs>

<i>L' Estrange.</i>

<h1>Loggerheaded</h1>
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<hw>Log"ger*head`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dull; stupid.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>A rabble of <b>loggerheaded</b> physicians.
<i>Urquhart.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Loggerheads</h1>
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<hw>Log"ger*heads`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The knapweed.</def>

<h1>Loggia</h1>
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<hw>Log"gia</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Lodge</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A roofed open gallery. It differs from a <i>veranda</i> in being more architectural, and in forming more decidedly a part of the main edifice to which it is attached; from a <i>porch</i>, in being intended not for entrance but for an out-of-door sitting-room.</def>

<h1>Logging</h1>
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<hw>Log"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The business of felling trees, cutting them into logs, and transporting the logs to sawmills or to market.</def>

<h1>Logic</h1>
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<hw>Log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>logike</ets>, F. <ets>logi</ets>q<ets>ue</ets>, L. <ets>logica</ets>, <ets>logice</ets>, Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), fr. <?/ belonging to speaking or reason, fr. <?/ speech, reason, <?/ to say, speak. See <er>Legend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science or art of exact reasoning, or of pure and formal thought, or of the laws according to which the processes of pure thinking should be conducted; the science of the formation and application of general notions; the science of generalization, judgment, classification, reasoning, and systematic arrangement; correct reasoning.</def>

<hr>
<page="866">
Page 866<p>

<blockquote><b>Logic</b> is science of the laws of thought, as that is, of the necessary conditions to which thought, considered in itself, is subject.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Logic</i> is distinguished as <i>pure</i> and <i>applied</i>. " <i>Pure logic</i> is a science of the form, or of the formal laws, of thinking, and not of the matter. <i>Applied logic</i> teaches the application of the forms of thinking to those objects about which men do think. "</note>

<i>Abp. Thomson.  </i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A treatise on logic; <as>as, Mill's <ex>Logic</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Logical</h1>
<Xpage=866>

<hw>Log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>logique</ets>, L. <ets>logicus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to logic; used in logic; <as>as, <ex>logical</ex> subtilties</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>According to the rules of logic; <as>as, a <ex>logical</ex> argument or inference; the reasoning is <ex>logical</ex>.</as></def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Skilled in logic; versed in the art of thinking and reasoning; <as>as, he is a <ex>logical</ex> thinker</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Logicality</h1>
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<hw>Log`i*cal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Logicalness.</def>

<h1>Logically</h1>
<Xpage=866>

<hw>Log"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a logical manner; <as>as, to argue <ex>logically</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Logicalness</h1>
<Xpage=866>

<hw>Log"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being logical.</def>

<h1>Logician</h1>
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<hw>Lo*gi"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>logicien</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person skilled in logic.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Each fierce <b>logician</b> still expelling Locke.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Logics</h1>
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<hw>Log"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Logic</er>.</def>

<h1>Logistic, Logistical</h1>
<Xpage=866>

<hw><hw>Lo*gis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lo*gis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ skilled in calculating, <?/ to calculate, fr. <?/ word, number, reckoning: cf. F. <ets>logistique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Logical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Sexagesimal, or made on the scale of 60; <as>as, <ex>logistic</ex>, <ex>or sexagesimal</ex>, arithmetic</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Logistic</col>, &or; <col>Proportional</col>, <col>logarithms</col></mcol>, <cd>certain logarithmic numbers used to shorten the calculation of the fourth term of a proportion of which one of the terms is a given constant quantity, commonly one hour, while the other terms are expressed in minutes and seconds; -- not now used.</cd></cs>

<h1>Logistics</h1>
<Xpage=866>

<hw>Lo*gis"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>That branch of the military art which embraces the details of moving and supplying armies. The meaning of the word is by some writers extended to include <i>strategy</i>.</def>

<i>H. L. Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A system of arithmetic, in which numbers are expressed in a scale of 60; logistic arithmetic.</def>

<h1>Logman</h1>
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<hw>Log"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Logmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man who carries logs.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Logod\'91daly</h1>
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<hw>Log`o*d\'91d"a*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Logos</er>, and <er>D\'91dal</er>.]</ety> <def>Verbal legerdemain; a playing with words.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Logogram</h1>
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<hw>Log"o*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ word + <ets>-gram</ets>.]</ety> <def>A word letter; a phonogram, that, for the sake of brevity, represents a word; <as>as, |, i. e., <it>t</it>, for <it>it</it></as>. Cf. <er>Grammalogue</er>.</def>

<h1>Logographer</h1>
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<hw>Lo*gog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chronicler; one who writes history in a condensed manner with short simple sentences.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One skilled in logography.</def>

<h1>Logographic, Logographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Log`o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Log`o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of writing speeches: cf. F. <ets>logographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to logography.</def>

<h1>Logography</h1>
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<hw>Lo*gog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a writing of speeches; <?/ word, speech + <?/ to write: cf. F. <ets>logographie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A method of printing in which whole words or syllables, cast as single types, are used.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mode of reporting speeches without using shorthand, -- a number of reporters, each in succession, taking down three or four words.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Logogriph</h1>
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<hw>Log"o*griph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ word + <?/ a fishing net, a dark saying, a riddle: F. <ets>logogriphe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sort of riddle in which it is required to discover a chosen word from various combinations of its letters, or of some of its letters, which form other words; -- thus, to discover the chosen word <i>chatter</i> form <i>cat</i>, <i>hat</i>, <i>rat</i>, <i>hate</i>, <i>rate</i>, etc.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Logomachist</h1>
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<hw>Lo*gom"a*chist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Logomachy</er>.]</ety> <def>One who contends about words.</def>

<h1>Logomachy</h1>
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<hw>Lo*gom"a*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ word + <?/ fight, battle, contest: cf. F. <ets>logomachie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Contention in words merely, or a contention about words; a war of words.</def>

<blockquote>The discussion concerning the meaning of the word " justification" . . . has largely been a mere <b>logomachy</b>.
<i>L. Abbott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A game of word making.</def>

<h1>Logometric</h1>
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<hw>Log`o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ word, ratio + <?/ measure.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Serving to measure or ascertain chemical equivalents; stoichiometric.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Logos</h1>
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<hw>Log"os</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the word or form which expresses a thought, also, the thought, fr. <?/ to speak.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A word; reason; speech.</def>

<i>H. Bushell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The divine Word; Christ.</def>

<h1>Logothete</h1>
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<hw>Log"o*thete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[LL. <ets>logotheta</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ word, account + <?/ to put.]</ety> <def>An accountant; under Constantine, an officer of the empire; a receiver of revenue; an administrator of a department.</def>

<h1>Logotype</h1>
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<hw>Log"o*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ word + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A single type, containing two or more letters; <as>as, <ex>\'91</ex>, <ex>\'92</ex>, <ex>&filig;</ex>, <ex>&fllig;</ex>, <ex>&ffllig;</ex>, etc.</as> ; -- called also <altname>ligature</altname>.</def>

<h1>Logroll</h1>
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<hw>Log"roll`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To engage in logrolling; to accomplish by logrolling.</def> <mark>[Political cant, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Logroller</h1>
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<hw>Log"roll`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who engages in logrolling.</def> <mark>[Political cant, U. S.]</mark>

<blockquote>The jobbers and <b>logrollers</b> will all be against it.
<i>The. Nation.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Logrolling</h1>
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<hw>Log"roll`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Logging)</fld> <def>The act or process of rolling logs from the place where they were felled to the stream which floats them to the sawmill or to market. In this labor neighboring camps of loggers combine to assist each other in turn.</def> <i>Longfellow.</i> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A combining to assist another in consideration of receiving assistance in return; -- sometimes used of a disreputable mode of accomplishing political schemes or ends.</def> <mark>[Cant, U.S.]</mark><-- "You scratch my back, I'll scratch yours." -->

<h1>Log-ship</h1>
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<hw>Log"-ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A part of the log. See <er>Log-chip</er>, and 2d <er>Log</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Logwood</h1>
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<hw>Log"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from being imported in <ets>logs</ets>.]</ety> <def>The heartwood of a tree (<spn>H\'91matoxylon Campechianum</spn>), a native of South America, It is a red, heavy wood, containing a crystalline substance called <i>h\'91matoxylin</i>, and is used largely in dyeing. An extract from this wood is used in medicine as an astringent. Also called <altname>Campeachy wood</altname>, and <altname>bloodwood</altname>.</def>

<h1>-logy</h1>
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<hw>-lo*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ word, discourse, fr. <?/ to speak. See <er>Logic</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form denoting a <i>discourse</i>, <i>treatise</i>, <i>doctrine</i>, <i>theory</i>, <i>science</i>; <as>as, theo<ex>logy</ex>, geo<ex>logy</ex>, bio<ex>logy</ex>, minera<ex>logy</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Logy</h1>
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<hw>Lo"gy</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From D. <ets>log</ets>.]</ety> <def>Heavy or dull in respect to motion or thought; <as>as, a <ex>logy</ex> horse</as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<blockquote>Porcupines are . . . <b>logy</b>, sluggish creatures.
<i>C. H. Merriam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lohock</h1>
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<hw>Lo"hock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Loch</er>, a medicine.</def>

<h1>Loimic</h1>
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<hw>Loi"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ plague.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the plague or contagious disorders.</def>

<h1>Loin</h1>
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<hw>Loin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>loine</ets>, OF. <ets>logne</ets>, F. <ets>longe</ets>, from (assumed) LL. <ets>lumbea</ets>, L. <ets>lumbus</ets> join. Cf. <er>Lends</er>, <er>Lumbar</er>, <er>Nombles</er>.]</ety> <def>That part of a human being or quadruped, which extends on either side of the spinal column between the hip bone and the false ribs. In human beings the loins are also called the reins. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Beef</er>.</def>

<h1>Loir</h1>
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<hw>Loir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>glis</ets>, <ets>gliris</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large European dormouse (<spn>Myoxus glis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Loiter</h1>
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<hw>Loi"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Loitered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Loitering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D. <ets>leuteren</ets> to delay, loiter; cf; Prov. G. <ets>lottern</ets> to be louse, <ets>lotter</ets> louse, slack, unsettled, vagrant, OHG. <ets>lotar</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be slow in moving; to delay; to linger; to be dilatory; to spend time idly; to saunter; to lag behind.</def>

<blockquote>Sir John, you <b>loiter</b> here too long.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If we have <b>loitered</b>, let us quicken our pace.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wander as an idle vagrant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To linger; delay; lag; saunter; tarry.</syn>

<h1>Loiterer</h1>
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<hw>Loi"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who loiters; an idler.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An idle vagrant; a tramp.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Sanderson.</i>

<h1>Loiteringly</h1>
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<hw>Loi"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a loitering manner.</def>

<h1>Lok, Loki</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lok</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lo"ki</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>Loki</ets>, perh. akin to <ets>lokka</ets>, <ets>locka</ets> to allure, entice.]</ety> <fld>(Scandinavian Myth.)</fld> <def>The evil deity, the author of all calamities and mischief, answering to the <i>African</i> of the Persians.</def>

<h1>Locao</h1>
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<hw>Lo*ca"o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A green vegetable dye imported from China.</def>

<h1>Loke</h1>
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<hw>Loke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lock</er> a fastening.]</ety> <def>A private path or road; also, the wicket or hatch of a door.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Lokorys</h1>
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<hw>Lok"o*rys</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Liquorice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Loligo</h1>
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<hw>Lo*li"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., cuttle fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of cephalopods, including numerous species of squids, common on the coasts of America and Europe. They are much used for fish bait.</def>

<h1>Loll</h1>
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<hw>Loll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lolled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lolling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>lolla</ets> to act lazily, <ets>loll</ets>, <ets>lolla</ets>, laziness, OD. <ets>lollen</ets> to sit over the fire, and E. <ets>lull</ets>. Cf. <er>Lill</er>, <er>Lull</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To act lazily or indolently; to recline; to lean; to throw one's self down; to lie at ease.</def>

<blockquote>Void of care, he <b>lolls</b> supine in state.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hand extended from the mouth, as the tongue of an ox or a log when heated with labor or exertion.</def>

<blockquote>The triple porter of the Stygian seat,
With <b>lolling</b> tongue, lay fawning at thy feet.
<i>Dryden</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To let the tongue hang from the mouth, as an ox, dog, or other animal, when heated by labor; <as>as, the ox stood <ex>lolling</ex> in the furrow</as>.</def>

<h1>Loll</h1>
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<hw>Loll</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To let hang from the mouth, as the tongue.</def>

<blockquote>Fierce tigers couched around and <b>lolled</b> their fawning tongues.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lollard</h1>
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<hw>Lol"lard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>Lollardi</ets>, <ets>Lullardi</ets>, from Walter <ets>Lolhardus</ets>, a German; cf. LG. & D. <ets>lollen</ets> to mumble, to hum, sing in a murmuring strain; hence, OD. <ets>lollaerd</ets> a mumbler, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., of prayers or psalms, which was prob. the origin of the name. See <er>Loll</er>, <er>Lull</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of a sect of early reformers in Germany.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the followers of Wyclif in England.</def> <altsp>[Called also <asp>Loller</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>By <b>Lollards</b> all know the Wyclifities are meant, so called from Walter Lollardus, one of their teachers in Germany.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lollardism, Lollardy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lol"lard*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lol"lard*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrines or principles of the Lollards.</def>

<h1>Loller</h1>
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<hw>Loll"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Loll</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who lolls.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An idle vagabond.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A Lollard.</def>

<h1>Lollingly</h1>
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<hw>Loll"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lolling manner.</def>

<i>Buckle.</i>

<h1>Lollipop</h1>
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<hw>Lol"li*pop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perhaps fr. Prov. E. <ets>loll</ets> to soothe + <ets>pope</ets> a mixed liquor.]</ety> <def>A kind of sugar confection which dissolves easily in the mouth.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Lollop</h1>
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<hw>Lol"lop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Loll</er>.]</ety> <def>To move heavily; to lounge or idle; to loll.</def> <mark>[Law.]</mark>

<i>Charles Reade.</i>

<h1>Loma</h1>
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<hw>Lo"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lomata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a fringe.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lobe; a membranous fringe or flap.</def>

<h1>Lomatinous</h1>
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<hw>Lo*mat"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Loma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Furnished with lobes or flaps.</def>

<h1>Lombard</h1>
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<hw>Lom"bard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Lombardy, or the inhabitants of Lombardy.</def>

<h1>Lombard</h1>
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<hw>Lom"bard</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lombard</ets>, fr. the <ets>Longobardi</ets> or <ets>Langobardi</ets>, i. e., Longbeards, a people of Northern Germany, west of the Elbe, and afterward in Northern Italy. See <er>Long</er>, and <er>Beard</er>, and cf. <er>Lumber</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of Lombardy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A money lender or banker; -- so called because the business of banking was first carried on in London by <ets>Lombards</ets>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Same as <er>Lombard-house</er>.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>Lombard</b> unto this day signifying a bank for usury or pawns.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A form of cannon formerly in use.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<cs><col>Lombard Street</col>, <cd>the principal street in London for banks and the offices of note brokers; hence, the money market and interest of London.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lombardeer</h1>
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<hw>Lom`bard*eer"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pawnbroker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Lombard-house, Lombar-house</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lom"bard-house</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lom"bar-house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw><ety>[F. or D. <ets>lombard</ets>. See <er>Lombard</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bank or a pawnbroker's shop.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A public institution for lending money to the poor at a moderate interest, upon articles deposited and pledged; -- called also <altname>mont de pi\'82t\'82</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lombardic</h1>
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<hw>Lom*bar"dic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Lombardy of the Lombards.</def>

<cs><col>Lombardic alphabet</col>, <cd>the ancient alphabet derived from the Roman, and employed in the manuscript of Italy.</cd> -- <col>Lombardic architecture</col>, <cd>the debased Roman style of architecture as found in parts of Northern Italy.</cd> <i>F. G. Lee</i>. <col>Lombardy poplar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Poplar</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Loment</h1>
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<hw>Lo"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lomentum</ets> a mixture of bean meal and rice, used as a cosmetic wash, bean meal, fr. <ets>lavare</ets>, <ets>lotum</ets>, to wash.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An elongated pod, consisting, like the legume, of two valves, but divided transversely into small cells, each containing a single seed.</def>

<h1>Lomentaceous</h1>
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<hw>Lo`men*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Loment</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of the nature of a loment; having fruits like loments.</def>

<h1>Lomonite</h1>
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<hw>Lom"o*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Laumontite</er>.</def>

<h1>Lompish</h1>
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<hw>Lomp"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lumpish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Lond</h1>
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<hw>Lond</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Land.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>London</h1>
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<hw>Lon"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The capital city of England.</def>

<cs><col>London paste</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a paste made of caustic soda and unslacked lime; -- used as a caustic to destroy tumors and other morbid enlargements.</cd> -- <col>London pride</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A garden name for <spn>Saxifraga umbrosa</spn>, a hardy perennial herbaceous plant, a native of high lands in Great Britain</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A name anciently given to the Sweet William</cd>. <i>Dr. Prior</i>.</cd> -- <col>London rocket</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a cruciferous plant (<spn>Sisymbrium Irio</spn>) which sprung up in London abundantly on the ruins of the great fire of 1667.</cd></cs>

<h1>Londoner</h1>
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<hw>Lon"don*er</hw> <tt>(-&etil;r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of London.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Londonism</h1>
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<hw>Lon"don*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A characteristic of Londoners; a mode of speaking peculiar to London.</def>

<h1>Londonize</h1>
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<hw>Lon"don*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To impart to (one) a manner or character like that which distinguishes Londoners.</def>

<h1>Londonize</h1>
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<hw>Lon"don*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To imitate the manner of the people of London.</def>

<h1>Lone</h1>
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<hw>Lone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lane. See <er>Loanin</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Lone</h1>
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<hw>Lone</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>alone</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being without a companion; being by one's self; also, sad from lack of companionship; lonely; <as>as, a <ex>lone</ex> traveler or watcher</as>.</def>

<blockquote>When I have on those pathless wilds a appeared,
And the <b>lone</b> wanderer with my presence cheered.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Single; unmarried, or in widowhood.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Queen Elizabeth being a <b>lone</b> woman.
<i>Collection of Records (1642).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A hundred mark is a long one for a poor <b>lone</b> woman to bear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Being apart from other things of the kind; being by itself; also, apart from human dwellings and resort; <as>as, a <ex>lone</ex> house</as>.</def> " A <i>lone</i> isle."

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>By a <b>lone</b> well a <b>lonelier</b> column rears.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Unfrequented by human beings; solitary.</def>

<blockquote>Thus vanish scepters, coronets, and balls,
And leave you on <b>lone</b> woods, or empty walls.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Loneliness</h1>
<Xpage=866>

<hw>Lone"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of being lonely; solitude; seclusion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being unfrequented by human beings; <as>as, the <ex>loneliness</ex> of a road</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Love of retirement; disposition to solitude.</def>

<blockquote>I see
The mystery of your <b>loneliness</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A feeling of depression resulting from being alone.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Solitude; seclusion. See <er>Solitude</er>.</syn>

<h1>Lonely</h1>
<Xpage=866>

<hw>Lone"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Lonelier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Loneliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Shortened fr. <ets>alonely</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sequestered from company or neighbors; solitary; retired; <as>as, a <ex>lonely</ex> situation; a <ex>lonely</ex> cell.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Alone, or in want of company; forsaken.</def>

<blockquote>To the misled and <b>lonely</b> traveler.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not frequented by human beings; <as>as, a <ex>lonely</ex> wood</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Having a feeling of depression or sadness resulting from the consciousness of being alone; lonesome.</def>

<blockquote>I am very often alone. I don't mean I am <b>lonely</b>.
<i>H. James.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Solitary; lone; lonesome; retired; unfrequented; sequestered; secluded.</syn>

<h1>Loneness</h1>
<Xpage=866>

<hw>Lone"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Solitude; seclusion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Lonesome</h1>
<Xpage=866>

<hw>Lone"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Lonesomer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Lonesomest</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Secluded from society; not frequented by human beings; solitary.</def>

<blockquote>Like one that on a <b>lonesome</b> road
Doth walk in fear and dread.
<i>Coleridge</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conscious of, and somewhat depressed by, solitude; <as>as, to feel <ex>lonesome</ex></as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Lone"some*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Lone"some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Long</h1>
<Xpage=866>

<hw>Long</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Longer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Longest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>long</ets>, <ets>lang</ets>; akin to OS, OFries., D., & G. <ets>lang</ets>, Icel. <ets>langr</ets>, Sw. <ets>l\'86ng</ets>, Dan. <ets>lang</ets>, Goth. <ets>laggs</ets>, L.<ets>longus</ets>. &root;125.  Cf. <er>Length</er>, <er>Ling</er> a fish, <er>Linger</er>, <er>Lunge</er>, <er>Purloin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Drawn out in a line, or in the direction of length; protracted; extended; <as>as, a <ex>long</ex> line; -- opposed to <ex>short</ex>, and distinguished from <ex>broad</ex> or <ex>wide</ex>.</as></def>

<hr>
<page="867">
Page 867<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Drawn out or extended in time; continued through a considerable tine, or to a great length; <as>as, a <ex>long</ex> series of events; a <ex>long</ex> debate; a <ex>long</ex> drama; a <ex>long</ex> history; a <ex>long</ex> book.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Slow in passing; causing weariness by length or duration; lingering; <as>as, <ex>long</ex> hours of watching</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Occurring or coming after an extended interval; distant in time; far away.</def>

<blockquote>The we may us reserve both fresh and strong
Against the tournament, which is not <b>long</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Extended to any specified measure; of a specified length; <as>as, a span <ex>long</ex>; a yard <ex>long</ex>; a mile <ex>long</ex>, that is, extended to the measure of a mile, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Far-reaching; extensive.</def> " <i>Long</i> views."

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>Prolonged, or relatively more prolonged, in utterance; -- said of vowels and syllables. See <er>Short</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 13, and <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 22, 30.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Long</i> is used as a prefix in a large number of compound adjectives which are mostly of obvious meaning; as, <i>long-</i>armed, <i>long-</i>beaked, <i>long-</i>haired, <i>long-</i>horned, <i>long-</i>necked, <i>long-</i>sleeved, <i>long-</i>tailed, <i>long-</i> worded, etc.</note>

<cs><col>In the long run</col>, <cd>in the whole course of things taken together; in the ultimate result; eventually.</cd> -- <col>Long clam</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common clam (<spn>Mya arenaria</spn>) of the Northern United States and Canada; -- called also <altname>soft-shell clam</altname> and <altname>long-neck clam</altname>. See <er>Mya</er>.</cd> -- <col>Long cloth</col>, <cd>a kind of cotton cloth of superior quality.</cd> -- <col>Long clothes</col>, <cd>clothes worn by a young infant, extending below the feet.</cd> -- <col>Long division</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Division</er>.</cd> -- <col>Long dozen</col>, <cd>one more than a dozen; thirteen.</cd> -- <col>Long home</col>, <cd>the grave.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Long measure</col>, <col>Long mater</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Measure</er>, <er>Meter</er>.</cd> -- <col>Long Parliament</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>the Parliament which assembled Nov. 3, 1640, and was dissolved by Cromwell, April 20, 1653.</cd> -- <col>Long price</col>, <cd>the full retail price.</cd> -- <col>Long purple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant with purple flowers, supposed to be the <spn>Orchis mascula</spn>. <i>Dr. Prior</i>.</cd> -- <col>Long suit</col> <fld>(Whist)</fld>, <cd>a suit of which one holds originally more than three cards. <i>R. A. Proctor</i>.</cd> -- <col>Long tom</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A pivot gun of great length and range, on the dock of a vessel</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A long trough for washing auriferous earth</cd>. <mark>[Western U.S.]</mark> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>The long-tailed titmouse.</cd> -- <col>Long wall</col> <fld>(Coal Mining)</fld>, <cd>a working in which the whole seam is removed and the roof allowed to fall in, as the work progresses, except where passages are needed.</cd> -- <col>Of long</col>, <cd>a long time. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Fairfax</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To be</col>, &or; <col>go</col>, <col>long of the market</col>, <col>To be on the long side of the market</col></mcol>, etc. <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld>, <cd>to hold stock for a rise in price, or to have a contract under which one can demand stock on or before a certain day at a stipulated price; -- opposed to <i>short<i> in such phrases as, <i>to be short of stock<i>, <i>to sell short<i>, etc. <mark>[Cant]</mark> See <er>Short</er>.</cd> -- <col>To have a long head</col>, <cd>to have a farseeing or sagacious mind.</cd></cs>

<h1>Long</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A note formerly used in music, one half the length of a large, twice that of a breve.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>A long sound, syllable, or vowel.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The longest dimension; the greatest extent; -- in the phrase, <i>the long and the short of it</i>, that is, the sum and substance of it.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Long</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>lance</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To a great extent in apace; <as>as, a <ex>long</ex> drawn out line</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To a great extent in time; during a long time.</def>

<blockquote>They that tarry <b>long</b> at the wine.
<i>Prov. xxiii. 30.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When the trumpet soundeth <b>long</b>.
<i>Ex. xix. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>At a point of duration far distant, either prior or posterior; <as>as, not <ex>long</ex> before; not <ex>long</ex> after; <ex>long</ex> before the foundation of Rome; <ex>long</ex> after the Conquest.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Through the whole extent or duration.</def>

<blockquote>The bird of dawning singeth all night <b>long</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Through an extent of time, more or less; -- only in question; as, how <i>long</i> will you be gone?</def>

<h1>Long</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[Abbreviated fr. <ets>along</ets>. See 3d <er>Along</er>.]</ety> <def>By means of; by the fault of; because of. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <cref>Along of</cref>, under 3d <er>Along</er>.</def>

<h1>Long</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. &  p. p.</tt> <er>Longed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Longing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>langian</ets> to increase, to lengthen, to stretch out the mind after, to long, to crave, to belong to, fr. <ets>lang</ets> long. See <er>Long</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To feel a strong or morbid desire or craving; to wish for something with eagerness; -- followed by an infinitive, or by <ptcl>after</ptcl> or <ptcl>for</ptcl>.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>long</b> to see you.
<i>Rom. i. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have <b>longed</b> after thy precepts.
<i>Ps. cxix. 40.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have <b>longed</b> for thy salvation.
<i>Ps. cxix. 174.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nicomedes, <b>longing</b> for herrings, was supplied with fresh ones . . . at a great distance from the sea.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To belong; -- used with <ptcl>to</ptcl>, <ptcl>unto</ptcl>, or <ptcl>for</ptcl>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The labor which that <b>longeth</b> unto me.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Longan</h1>
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<hw>Lon"gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A pulpy fruit related to the litchi, and produced by an evergreen East Indian tree (<spn>Nephelium Longan</spn>).</def>

<h1>Longanimity</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Lon`ga*nim"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>longanimitas</ets>; <ets>longus</ets> long + <ets>animus</ets> mind: cf. F. <ets>longanimit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disposition to bear injuries patiently; forbearance; patience.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Long-armed</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"-armed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having long arms; <as>as, the <ex>long-armed</ex> ape or gibbon</as>.</def>

<h1>Longbeak</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"beak`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American redbellied snipe (<spn>Macrorhamphus scolopaceus</spn>); -- called also <altname>long-billed dowitcher</altname>.</def>

<h1>Longboat</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"boat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Formerly, the largest boat carried by a merchant vessel, corresponding to the launch of a naval vessel.</def>

<h1>Longbow</h1>
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<hw>Long"bow`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The ordinary bow, not mounted on a stock; -- so called in distinction from the <i>crossbow</i> when both were used as weapons of war. Also, sometimes, such a bow of about the height of a man, as distinguished from a much shorter one.</def>

<cs><col>To draw the longbow</col>, <cd>to tell large stories.</cd></cs>

<h1>Long-breathed</h1>
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<hw>Long"-breathed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the power of retaining the breath for a long time; long-winded.</def>

<h1>Long-drawn</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"-drawn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Extended to a great length.</def>

<blockquote>The cicad\'91 hushed their <b>long-drawn</b>, ear-splitting strains.
<i>G. W. Cable.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Longe</h1>
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<hw>Longe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>allonge</ets>. See <er>Lunge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A thrust. See <er>Lunge</er>.</def>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The training ground for a horse.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Longe</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Longe</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as 4th <er>Lunge</er>.</def>

<h1>Longer</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who longs for anything.</def>

<h1>Longeval</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Lon*ge"val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Long-loved; longevous.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Longevity</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Lon*gev"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>longaevitas</ets>. See <er>Longevous</er>.]</ety> <def>Long duration of life; length of life.</def>

<blockquote>The instances of <b>longevity</b> are chiefly amongst the abstemious.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Longevous</h1>
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<hw>Lon*ge"vous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>longaevus</ets>; <ets>longus</ets> long + <ets>aevum</ets> lifetime, age. See <er>Long</er>, and <er>Age</er>.]</ety> <def>Living a long time; of great age.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Longhand</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"hand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The written characters used in the common method of writing; -- opposed to <i>shorthand</i>.</def>

<h1>Longheaded</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"head"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having unusual foresight or sagacity.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Long"-head`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Longhorn</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"horn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A long-horned animal, as a cow, goat, or beetle. See <er>Long-horned</er>.</def>

<h1>Long-horned</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"-horned`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>Having a long horn or horns; <as>as, a <ex>long-horned</ex> goat, or cow</as>; having long antenn\'91, as certain beetles (<spn>Longicornia</spn>).</def>

<h1>Longicorn</h1>
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<hw>Lon"gi*corn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>longus</ets> long + <ets>cornu</ets> horn: cf. F. <ets>longicorne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Long-horned; pertaining to the Longicornia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Longicornia.</def></def2>

<h1>Longicornia</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Lon`gi*cor"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>longus</ets> long + <ets>cornu</ets> horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of beetles, including a large number of species, in which the antenn\'91 are very long.  Most of them, while in the larval state, bore into the wood or beneath the bark of trees, and some species are very destructive to fruit and shade trees. See <stype>Apple borer</stype>, under <er>Apple</er>, and <stype>Locust beetle</stype>, under <er>Locust</er>.</def>

<h1>Longilateral</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Lon`gi*lat"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>longus</ets> long + <ets>lateralis</ets> lateral, fr. <ets>latus</ets> side.]</ety> <def>Having long sides especially, having the form of a long parallelogram.</def>

<blockquote>Nineveh . . . was of a <b>longilateral</b> figure, ninety-five furlongs broad, and a hundred and fifty long.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Longiloquence</h1>
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<hw>Lon*gil"o*quence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>langus</ets> long + <ets>loquentia</ets> a talking.]</ety> <def>Long-windedness.</def>

<blockquote>American <b>longiloquence</b> in oratory.
<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Longimanous</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Lon*gim"a*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>longus</ets> long + <ets>manus</ets> hand.]</ety> <def>Having long hands.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Longimetry</h1>
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<hw>Lon*gim"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>longus</ets> long + <ets>-metry</ets>: cf. F. <ets>longim\'82trie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or practice of measuring distances or lengths.</def>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Longing</h1>
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<hw>Long"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An eager desire; a craving; a morbid appetite; an earnest wish; an aspiration.</def>

<blockquote>Put on my crown; I have
immortal <b>longings</b> in me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Longingly</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With longing.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Longinquity</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Lon*gin"qui*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>longinquitas</ets>, fr. <ets>longinquus</ets> extensive, remote, fr. <ets>longus</ets> long.]</ety> <def>Greatness of distance; remoteness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Longipalp</h1>
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<hw>Lon"gi*palp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>longipalpe</ets>, fr. L. <ets>longus</ets> long + F. <ets>palpe</ets> a feeler, a palp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a tribe of beetles, having long maxillary palpi.</def>

<h1>Longipennate</h1>
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<hw>Lon"gi*pen"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>longus</ets> long + E. <ets>pennate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having long wings, or quills.</def>

<h1>Longipennes</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Lon`gi*pen"nes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>longus</ets> long + <ets>penna</ets> wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of longwinged sea birds, including the gulls, petrels, etc.</def>

<h1>Longipennine</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Lon`gi*pen"nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Longipennes; longipennate.</def>

<h1>Longiroster</h1>
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<hw>Lon`gi*ros"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Longirostres</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Longirosters</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>longus</ets> long + <ets>rostrum</ets> beak: cf. F. <ets>longirostre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Longirostres.</def>

<h1>Longirostral</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Lon`gi*ros"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a long bill; of or pertaining to the Longirostres.</def>

<h1>Longirostres</h1>
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<hw>Lon`gi*ros"tres</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>longus</ets> long + <ets>rostrum</ets> beak.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of birds characterized by having long slender bills, as the sandpipers, curlews, and ibises. It is now regarded as an artificial division.</def>

<h1>Longish</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat long; moderately long.</def>

<h1>Longitude</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Lon"gi*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>longitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>longus</ets> long.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Length; measure or distance along the longest line; -- distinguished from <i>breadth</i> or <i>thickness</i>; <as>as, the <ex>longitude</ex> of a room</as>; rare now, except in a humorous sense.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>longitude</b> of their cloaks.
<i>Sir. W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Mine [shadow] spindling into <b>longitude</b> immense.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>The arc or portion of the equator intersected between the meridian of a given place and the meridian of some other place from which longitude is reckoned, as from Greenwich, England, or sometimes from the capital of a country, as from Washington or Paris. The longitude of a place is expressed either in degrees or in time; <as>as, that of New York is 74&deg; or 4 h. 56 min. west of Greenwich.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The distance in degrees, reckoned from the vernal equinox, on the ecliptic, to a circle at right angles to the ecliptic passing through the heavenly body whose longitude is designated; <as>as, the <ex>longitude</ex> of Capella is 79&deg;</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Geocentric longitude</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the longitude of a heavenly body as seen from the earth.</cd> -- <col>Heliocentric longitude</col>, <cd>the longitude of a heavenly body, as seen from the sun's center.</cd> -- <col>Longitude stars</col>, <cd>certain stars whose position is known, and the data in regard to which are used in observations for finding the longitude, as by lunar distances.</cd></cs>

<h1>Longitudinal</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Lon`gi*tu"di*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>longitudinal</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to longitude or length; <as>as, <ex>longitudinal</ex> distance</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Extending in length; in the direction of the length; running lengthwise, as distinguished from <i>transverse</i>; <as>as, the <ex>longitudinal</ex> diameter of a body</as>.</def>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Longitudinal</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Lon`gi*tu"di*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A railway sleeper lying parallel with the rail.</def>

<h1>Longitudinally</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Lon`gi*tu"di*nal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the direction of length.</def>

<h1>Longlegs</h1>
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<hw>Long"legs`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A daddy longlegs.</def>

<h1>Long-lived</h1>
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<hw>Long"-lived`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a long life; having constitutional peculiarities which make long life probable; lasting long; <as>as, a <ex>long-lived</ex> tree; they are a <ex>longlived</ex> family; <ex>long-lived</ex> prejudices.</as></def>

<h1>Longly</h1>
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<hw>Long"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With longing desire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>For a long time; hence, wearisomely.</def>

<h1>Longmynd rocks</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"mynd rocks"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The sparingly fossiliferous conglomerates, grits, schists, and states of Great Britain, which lie at the base of the Cambrian system; -- so called, because typically developed in the <i>Longmynd</i> Hills, Shropshire.</def>

<h1>Longness</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Length.</def>

<h1>Longnose</h1>
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<hw>Long"nose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European garfish.</def>

<h1>Long primer</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long" prim"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A kind of type, in size between small pica and bourgeois.</def>

<note>&hand; <?/<?/<?/This line is printed in <i>long primer</i>.</note>

<h1>Longshanks</h1>
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<hw>Long"shanks`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The stilt.</def>

<h1>Longshore</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"shore`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. from <ets>alongshore</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to the seashore or a seaport; along and on the shore.</def> "<i>Longshore</i> thieves."

<i>R. Browning.</i>

<h1>Longshoreman</h1>
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<hw>Long"shore`man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Longshoremen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>alongshoreman</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of a class of laborers employed about the wharves of a seaport, especially in loading and unloading vessels.</def>

<h1>Long-sight</h1>
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<hw>Long"-sight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Long-sightedness</def>

<i>Good.</i>

<h1>Long-sighted</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"-sight`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Able to see objects at a great distance; hence, having great foresight; sagacious; farseeing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Able to see objects distinctly at a distance, but not close at hand; hypermetropic.</def>

<h1>Long-sightedness</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"-sight`ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or condition of being long-sighted; hence, sagacity; shrewdness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hypermetropia</er>.</def>

<h1>Longsome</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>langsum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Extended in length; tiresome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Bp. Hall</i>. <i>Prior</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Long"some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Fuller</i>.</wordforms>

<h1>Longspun</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"spun`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Spun out, or extended, to great length; hence, long-winded; tedious.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>longspun</b> allegories fulsome grow,
While the dull moral lies too plain below.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Longspur</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"spur`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from the length of the hind claw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of fringilline birds of the genus <spn>Calcarius</spn> (or <spn>Plectrophanes</spn>), and allied genera. The Lapland longspur (<spn>C. Lapponicus</spn>), the chestnut-colored longspur (<spn>C. ornatus</spn>), and other species, inhabit the United States.</def>

<h1>Long-stop</h1>
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<hw>Long"-stop`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>One who is set to stop balls which pass the wicket keeper.</def>

<h1>Long-sufferance</h1>
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<hw>Long"-suf`fer*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Forbearance to punish or resent.</def>

<h1>Long-suffering</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"-suf`fer*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bearing injuries or provocation for a long time; patient; not easily provoked.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord God, merciful and gracious, <b>long-suffering</b>, and abundant in goodness and truth.
<i>Ex. xxxiv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Long-suffering</h1>
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<hw>Long"-suf`fer*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Long patience of offense.</def>

<blockquote>Despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and <b>long-suffering</b>?
<i>Rom. ii. 4. </i></blockquote>

<h1>Longtail</h1>
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<hw>Long"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An animal, particularly a log, having an uncut tail. Cf. <er>Curtail</er>. <er>Dog</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; A <i>longtail</i> was a gentleman's dog, or the dog of one qualified to bunt, other dogs being required to have their tails cut.</note>

<cs><col>Cut and longtail</col>, <cd>all, gentlefolks and others, as they might come.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Long-tongue</h1>
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<hw>Long"-tongue`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wryneck.</def>

<h1>Long-tongued</h1>
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<hw>Long"-tongued`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a long tongue.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Talkative; babbling; loquacious.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Longulite</h1>
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<hw>Lon"gu*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>longus</ets> long + <ets>-lie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A kind of crystallite having a (slender) acicular form.</def>

<h1>Long-waisted</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"-waist`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a long waist; long from the armpits to the armpits to the bottom of the waist; -- said of persons.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Long from the part about the neck or shoulder, or from the armpits, to the bottom of the weist, or to the skirt; -- said of garments; <as>as, a <ex>long-waisted</ex> coat</as>.</def>

<h1>Longways</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"ways`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Lengthwise.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Long-winded</h1>
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<hw>Long"-wind"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Long-breathed; hence, tediously long in speaking; consuming much time; <as>as, a <ex>long-winded</ex> talker</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Long"-wind"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>A tedious, <b>long-winded</b> harangue.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Longwise</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Long"wise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Lengthwise.</def>

<h1>Loo</h1>
<Xpage=867>

<hw>Loo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For older <ets>lanterloo</ets>, F. <ets>lanturelu</ets>, <ets>lanturlu</ets>, name of the game; orig., the refrain of a vaudeville.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An old game played with five, or three, cards dealt to each player from a full pack. When five cards are used the highest card is the knave of clubs or (if so agreed upon) the knave of trumps; -- formerly called <altname>lanterloo</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A modification of the game of "all fours" in which the players replenish their hands after each round by drawing each a card from the pack.</def>

<hr>
<page="868">
Page 868<p>

<cs><col>Loo table</col>, <cd>a round table adapted for a circle of persons playing loo.</cd></cs>

<h1>Loo</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Loo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Looed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Looing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To beat in the game of loo by winning every trick.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lu</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Loob</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Loob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corn., slime, sludge.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The clay or slimes washed from tin ore in dressing.</def>

<h1>Loobily</h1>
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<hw>Loo"bi*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Looby</er>.]</ety> <def>Loobylike; awkward.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Loobily</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Loo"bi*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Awkwardly.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Looby</h1>
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<hw>Loo"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Loobies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. <er>Lob</er>.]</ety> <def>An awkward, clumsy fellow; a lubber.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Looch</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Looch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 2d <er>Loch</er>.</def>

<h1>Loof</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Loof</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The spongelike fibers of the fruit of a cucurbitaceous plant (<spn>Luffa \'92gyptiaca</spn>); called also <altname>vegetable sponge</altname>.</def>

<h1>Loof</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Loof</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Luff</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Also written <asp>luff</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Formerly, some appurtenance of a vessel which was used in changing her course; -- probably a large paddle put over the lee bow to help bring her head nearer to the wind</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The part of a ship's side where the planking begins to curve toward bow and stern.</def>

<h1>Loof</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Loof</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Luff</er>.</def>

<h1>Look</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Look</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Looked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Looking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>loken</ets>, AS. <ets>l&omac;cian</ets>; akin to G. <ets>lugen</ets>, OHG. <ets>luog&emac;n</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To direct the eyes for the purpose of seeing something; to direct the eyes toward an object; to observe with the eyes while keeping them directed; -- with various prepositions, often in a special or figurative sense. See Phrases below.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To direct the attention (to something); to consider; to examine; <as>as, to <ex>look</ex> at an action</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To seem; to appear; to have a particular appearance; <as>as, the patient <ex>looks</ex> better; the clouds <ex>look</ex> rainy.</as></def>

<blockquote>It would <b>look</b> more like vanity than gratitude.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Observe how such a practice <b>looks</b> in another person.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To have a particular direction or situation; to face; to front.</def>

<blockquote>The inner gate that <b>looketh</b> to north.
<i>Ezek. viii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The east gate . . . which <b>looketh</b> eastward.
<i>Ezek. xi. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>In the imperative: see; behold; take notice; take care; observe; -- used to call attention.</def>

<blockquote><b>Look</b>, how much we thus expel of sin, so much we expel of virtue.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Look</i>, in the imperative, may be followed by a dependent sentence, but <i>see</i> is oftener so used.</note><-- See spot run? in 1990, the reverse is true -->

<blockquote><b>Look</b> that ye bind them fast.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Look</b> if it be my daughter.
<i>Talfourd.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To show one's self in looking, as by leaning out of a window; <as>as, <ex>look</ex> out of the window while I speak to you</as>. Sometimes used figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>My toes <b>look</b> through the overleather.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To await the appearance of anything; to expect; to anticipate.</def>

<blockquote><b>Looking</b> each hour into death's mouth to fall.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To look about</col>, <cd>to look on all sides, or in different directions.</cd> -- <col>To look about one</col>, <cd>to be on the watch; to be vigilant; to be circumspect or guarded.</cd> -- <col>To look after</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To attend to; to take care of; as, <i>to look after<i> children</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To expect; to be in a state of expectation.</cd>

<blockquote>Men's hearts failing them for fear, and for <b>looking after</b> those things which are coming on the earth.
<i>Luke xxi. 26.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To seek; to search</cd>.

<blockquote>My subject does not oblige me <b>to look after</b> the water, or point forth the place where to it is now retreated.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To look at</col>, <cd>to direct the eyes toward so that one sees, or as if to see; <as>as, <ex>to look at</ex> a star</as>; hence, to observe, examine, consider; <as>as, <ex>to look at</ex> a matter without prejudice</as>.</cd> -- <col>To look black</col>, <cd>to frown; to scowl; to have a threatening appearance.</cd>

<blockquote>The bishops thereat repined, and <b>looked black</b>.
<i>Holinshed.</i></blockquote>

-- <mcol><col>To look down on</col> &or; <col>upon</col></mcol>, <cd>to treat with indifference or contempt; to regard as an inferior; to despise.</cd> -- <col>To look for</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To expect; <as>as, <ex>to look for</ex> news by the arrival of a ship</as>. "<i>Look</i> now <i>for</i> no enchanting voice." <i>Milton</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To seek for; to search for; <as>as, <ex>to look for</ex> lost money, or lost cattle</as>.</cd> -- <col>To look forth</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To look out of something, as from a window.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To threaten to come out</cd>. <i>Jer. vi. 1. (Rev. Ver.)</i>. -- <col>To look into</col>, <cd>to inspect closely; to observe narrowly; to examine; <as>as, <ex>to look into</ex> the works of nature; <ex>to look into</ex> one's conduct or affairs</as>.</cd> -- <col>To look on</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To regard; to esteem.</cd>

<blockquote>Her friends would <b>look on</b> her the worse.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To consider; to view; to conceive of; to think of.</cd>

<blockquote>I <b>looked on</b> Virgil as a succinct, majestic writer.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To be a mere spectator</cd>.

<blockquote>I'll be a candleholder, and <b>look on</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To look out</col>, <cd>to be on the watch; to be careful; as, the seaman <i>looks out</i> for breakers.</cd> -- <col>To look through</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To see through.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To search; to examine with the eyes</cd>. -- <mcol><col>To look to</col> &or; <col>unto</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To watch; to take care of.</cd> "<i>Look</i> well <i>to</i> thy herds." <i>Prov. xxvii. 23</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To resort to with expectation of receiving something; to expect to receive from; as, the creditor may <i>look to</i> surety for payment.</cd> "<i>Look unto</i> me, and be ye saved." <i>Is. xlv. 22</i>. -- <col>To look up</col>, <cd>to search for or find out by looking; as, <i>to look up</i> the items of an account.</cd> -- <col>To look up to</col>, <cd>to respect; to regard with deference.</cd></cs>

<h1>Look</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Look</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To look at; to turn the eyes toward.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To seek; to search for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Looking</b> my love, I go from place to place.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To expect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To influence, overawe, or subdue by looks or presence as, to <i>look</i> down opposition.</def>

<blockquote>A spirit fit to start into an empire,
And <b>look</b> the world to law.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To express or manifest by a look.</def>

<blockquote>Soft eyes <b>looked</b> love to eyes which spake again.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To look daggers</col>. <cd>See under <er>Dagger</er>.</cd> -- <col>To look in the face</col>, <cd>to face or meet with boldness or confidence; hence, sometimes, to meet for combat.</cd> -- <col>To look out</col>, <cd>to seek for; as, prudent persons <i>look out<i> associates good reputation.</cd></cs>

<h1>Look</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Look</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of looking; a glance; a sight; a view; -- often in certain phrases; <as>as, to have, get, take, throw, or cast, a <ex>look</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Threw many a northward <b>look</b> to see his father
Bring up his powers; but he did long in vain.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expression of the eyes and face; manner; <as>as, a proud or defiant <ex>look</ex></as>.</def> "Gentle <i>looks</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Up ! up! my friends, and clear your <b>looks</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence; Appearance; aspect; <as>as, the house has a gloomy <ex>look</ex>; the affair has a bad <ex>look</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Pain, disgrace, and poverty have frighted <b>looks</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There was something that reminded me of Dante's Hell in the <b>look</b> of this.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lookdown</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Look"down`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Moonfish</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Looker</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Look"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who looks.</def>

<cs><col>Looker-on</col>, <cd>a spectator; one that looks on, but has no agency or part in an affair.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Did not this fatal war affront thy coast,
Yet sattest thou an idle <b>looker-on</b> ?
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Looking</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Look"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a certain look or appearance; -- often compounded with adjectives; <as>as, good<ex>-looking</ex>, grand<ex>-looking</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Looking</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Look"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who looks; a glance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The manner in which one looks; appearance; countenance; face.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All dreary was his cheer and his <b>looking</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Looking for</col>, <cd>anticipation; expectation. "A certain fearful <i>looking for<i> of judgment."</cd></cs>

<i>Heb. x. 27.</i>

<h1>Looking-glass</h1>
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<hw>Look"ing-glass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mirror made of glass on which has been placed a backing of some reflecting substance, as quicksilver.</def>

<blockquote>There is none so homely but loves a <b>looking-glass</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lookout</h1>
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<hw>Look"out`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A careful looking or watching for any object or event.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The place from which such observation is made.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person engaged in watching.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Object or duty of forethought and care; responsibility.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Lool</h1>
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<hw>Lool</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A vessel used to receive the washings of ores of metals.</def>

<h1>Loom</h1>
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<hw>Loom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Loon</er>, the bird.</def>

<h1>Loom</h1>
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<hw>Loom</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lome</ets>, AS. <ets>gel<?/ma</ets> utensil, implement.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A frame or machine of wood or other material, in which a weaver forms cloth out of thread; a machine for interweaving yarn or threads into a fabric, as in knitting or lace making.</def>

<blockquote>Hector, when he sees Andromache overwhelmed with terror, sends her for consolation to the <b>loom</b> and the distaff.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>That part of an oar which is near the grip or handle and inboard from the rowlock.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Loom</h1>
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<hw>Loom</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Loomed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Looming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>lumen</ets> to shine, Icel. <ets>ljoma</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>le\'a2ma</ets> light, and E. <ets>light</ets>; or cf. OF. <ets>lumer</ets> to shine, L. <ets>luminare</ets> to illumine, <ets>lumen</ets> light; akin to E. <ets>light</ets>. <?/ See <er>Light</er> not dark.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To appear above the surface either of sea or land, or to appear enlarged, or distorted and indistinct, as a distant object, a ship at sea, or a mountain, esp. from atmospheric influences; <as>as, the ship <ex>looms</ex> large; the land <ex>looms</ex> high.</as></def>

<blockquote>Awful she <b>looms</b>, the terror of the main.
<i>H. J. Pye.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rise and to be eminent; to be elevated or ennobled, in a moral sense.</def>

<blockquote>On no occasion does he [Paul] <b>loom</b> so high, and shine so gloriously, as in the context.
<i>J. M. Mason.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Loom</h1>
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<hw>Loom</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of looming; esp., an unnatural and indistinct appearance of elevation or enlargement of anything, as of land or of a ship, seen by one at sea.</def>

<h1>Loom-gale</h1>
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<hw>Loom"-gale`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gentle gale of wind.</def>

<h1>Looming</h1>
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<hw>Loom"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The indistinct and magnified appearance of objects seen in particular states of the atmosphere. See <er>Mirage</er>.</def>

<h1>Loon</h1>
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<hw>Loon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>loun</ets>, <ets>lown</ets>, <ets>loon</ets>; akin to OD. <ets>loen</ets> a stupid man; prob. for an older <ets>lown</ets>, and akin to E. <ets>lame</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sorry fellow; a worthless person; a rogue.</def>

<h1>Loon</h1>
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<hw>Loon</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For older <ets>loom</ets>, Icel. <ets>l<?/mr</ets>; akin to Dan. & Sw. <ets>lom</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several aquatic, wed-footed, northern birds of the genus <spn>Urinator</spn> (formerly <spn>Colymbus</spn>), noted for their expertness in diving and swimming under water. The common loon, or great northern diver (<spn>Urinator imber</spn>, or <spn>Colymbus torquatus</spn>), and the red-throated loon or diver (<spn>U. septentrionalis</spn>), are the best known species. See <er>Diver</er>.</def>

<h1>Loony</h1>
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<hw>Loon"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Luny</er>.</def>

<h1>Loop</h1>
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<hw>Loop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>luppe</ets> an iron lump. Cf. <er>Looping</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Iron Works)</fld> <def>A mass of iron in a pasty condition gathered into a ball for the tilt hammer or rolls.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>loup</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Loop</h1>
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<hw>Loop</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>lub</ets> loop, noose, fold, thong, bend, <ets>lub</ets> to bend, incline.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fold or doubling of a thread, cord, rope, etc., through which another thread, cord, etc., can be passed, or which a hook can be hooked into; an eye, as of metal; a staple; a noose; a bight.</def>

<blockquote>That the probation bear no hinge, nor <b>loop</b>
To hang a doubt on.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small, narrow opening; a loophole.</def>

<blockquote>And stop all sight-holes, every <b>loop</b> from whence
The eye of Reason may pry in upon us.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A curve of any kind in the form of a loop.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Telegraphy)</fld> <def>A wire forming part of a main circuit and returning to the point from which it starts.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Acoustics)</fld> <def>The portion of a vibrating string, air column, etc., between two nodes; -- called also <altname>ventral segment</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Loop knot</col>, <cd>a single knot tied in a doubled cord, etc. so as to leave a loop beyond the knot. See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Knot</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Loop</h1>
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<hw>Loop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Looped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Looping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a loop of or in; to fasten with a loop or loops; -- often with <i>up</i>; <as>as, to <ex>loop</ex> a string; to <ex>loop</ex> up a curtain.</as></def>

<h1>Looped</h1>
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<hw>Looped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bent, folded, or tied, so as to make a loop; <as>as, a <ex>looped</ex> wire or string</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Full of holes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Looper</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Loop"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument, as a bodkin, for forming a loop in yarn, a cord, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of any species of geometrid moths. See <er>Geometrid</er>.</def>

<h1>Loophole</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Loop"hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A small opening, as in the walls of fortification, or in the bulkhead of a ship, through which small arms or other weapons may be discharged at an enemy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hole or aperture that gives a passage, or the means of escape or evasion.</def>

<-- 3. (Fig.) (Law) An amibiguity or unintended omission in a law, rule, or contract which allows a party to circumvent the intent of the text and avoid its obligations under certain circumstances. -- used usually in a negative sense; -- distinguished from "escape clause" in that the latter usually is included to deliberately allow evasion of obligation under certain specified and foreseen circumstances. -->

<h1>Loopholed</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Loop"holed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Provided with loopholes.</def>

<h1>Loopie</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Loop"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deceitful; cunning; sly.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Looping</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Loop"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>loopen</ets> to run. Cf. <er>Loop</er> a mass of iron, <er>Leap</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The running together of the matter of an ore into a mass, when the ore is only heated for calcination.</def>

<h1>Looping</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Loop"ing</hw>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <def>of <er>Loop</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Looping snail</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of land snail of the genus <spn>Truncatella</spn>; -- so called because it creeps like the measuring worms.</cd></cs>

<h1>Looplight</h1>
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<hw>Loop"light`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small narrow opening or window in a tower or fortified wall; a loophole.</def>

<h1>Loord</h1>
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<hw>Loord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lourd</ets> heavy, dull.]</ety> <def>A dull, stupid fellow; a drone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Loos</h1>
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<hw>Loos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>los</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>los</ets>, <ets>laus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Praise; fame; reputation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Good conscience and good <b>loos</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Loose</h1>
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<hw>Loose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Looser</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Loosest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>loos</ets>, <ets>lous</ets>, <ets>laus</ets>, Icel. <ets>lauss</ets>; akin to OD. <ets>loos</ets>, D. los, AS. <ets>le\'a0s</ets> false, deceitful, G. <ets>los</ets>, loose, Dan. &  Sw. <ets>l\'94s</ets>, Goth. <ets>laus</ets>, and E. <ets>lose</ets>. <?/  See <er>Lose</er>, and cf. <er>Leasing</er> falsehood.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Unbound; untied; unsewed; not attached, fastened, fixed, or confined; <as>as, the <ex>loose</ex> sheets of a book</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Her hair, nor <b>loose</b>, nor tied in formal plat.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free from constraint or obligation; not bound by duty, habit, etc. ; -- with <i>from or of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Now I stand
<b>Loose</b> of my vow; but who knows Cato's thoughts ?
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not tight or close; <as>as, a <ex>loose</ex> garment</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not dense, close, compact, or crowded; <as>as, a cloth of <ex>loose</ex> texture</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With horse and chariots ranked in <b>loose</b> array.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Not precise or exact; vague; indeterminate; <as>as, a <ex>loose</ex> style, or way of reasoning</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The comparison employed . . . must be considered rather as a <b>loose</b> analogy than as an exact scientific explanation.
<i>Whewel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Not strict in matters of morality; not rigid according to some standard of right.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>loose</b> morality which he had learned.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Unconnected; rambling.</def>

<blockquote>Vario spends whole mornings in running over <b>loose</b> and unconnected pages.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Lax; not costive; having lax bowels.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Dissolute; unchaste; <as>as, a <ex>loose</ex> man or woman</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Loose</b> ladies in delight.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Containing or consisting of obscene or unchaste language; <as>as, a <ex>loose</ex> epistle</as>.</def>

<i> Dryden.</i>

<cs><col>At loose ends</col>, <cd>not in order; in confusion; carelessly managed.</cd> -- <col>Fast and loose</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fast</er>.</cd> -- <col>To break loose</col>. <cd>See under <er>Break</er>.</cd> -- <col>Loose pulley</col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Fast and loose pulleys</cref>, under <er>Fast</er>.</cd> -- <col>To let loose</col>, <cd>to free from restraint or confinement; to set at liberty.</cd></cs>

<h1>Loose</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Loose</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Freedom from restraint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A letting go; discharge.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<cs><col>To give a loose</col>, <cd>to give freedom.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Vent all its griefs, and <b>give a loose</b> to sorrow.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Loose</h1>
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<hw>Loose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. n.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Loosed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Loosing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Loose</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To untie or unbind; to free from any fastening; to remove the shackles or fastenings of; to set free; to relieve.</def>

<blockquote>Canst thou . . . <b>loose</b> the bands of Orion ?
<i>Job. xxxviii. 31.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ye shall find an ass tied, and a colt with her; <b>loose</b> them, and bring them unto me.
<i>Matt. xxi. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To release from anything obligatory or burdensome; to disengage; hence, to absolve; to remit.</def>

<blockquote>Art thou <b>loosed</b> from a wife ? seek not a wife.
<i>1 Cor. vii. 27.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whatsoever thou shalt <b>loose</b> on earth shall be <b>loosed</b> in heaven.
<i>Matt. xvi. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To relax; to loosen; to make less strict.</def>

<blockquote>The joints of his loins were <b>loosed</b>.
<i>Dan. v. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To solve; to interpret.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Loose</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Loose</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To set sail.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Acts xiii. 13.</i>

<h1>Loosely</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Loose"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a loose manner.</def>

<h1>Loosen</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Loos"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Loosened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Loosening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Loose</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make loose; to free from tightness, tension, firmness, or fixedness; to make less dense or compact; <as>as, to <ex>loosen</ex> a string, or a knot; to <ex>loosen</ex> a rock in the earth.</as></def>

<blockquote>After a year's rooting, then shaking doth the tree good by <b>loosening</b> of the earth.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To free from restraint; to set at liberty..</def>

<blockquote>It <b>loosens</b> his hands, and assists his understanding.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To remove costiveness from; to facilitate or increase the alvine discharges of.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Loosen</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Loos"en</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become loose; to become less tight, firm, or compact.</def>

<i>S. Sharp.</i>

<h1>Loosener</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Loos"en*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, loosens.</def>

<h1>Looseness</h1>
<Xpage=868>

<hw>Loose"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state, condition, or quality, of being loose; <as>as, the <ex>looseness</ex> of a cord; <ex>looseness</ex> of style; <ex>looseness</ex> of morals or of principles.</as></def>

<h1>Loosestrife</h1>
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<hw>Loose"strife`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The name of several species of plants of the genus <spn>Lysimachia</spn>, having small star-shaped flowers, usually of a yellow color.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any species of the genus <spn>Lythrum</spn>, having purple, or, in some species, crimson flowers.</def> <i>Gray</i>.

<hr>
<page="869">
Page 869<p>

<cs><col>False loosestrife</col>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Ludwigia</spn>, which includes several species, most of which are found in the United States.</cd> -- <col>Tufted loosestrife</col>, <cd>the plant <spn>Lysimachia thyrsiflora</spn>, found in the northern parts of the United States and in Europe.</cd></cs>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Loosish</h1>
<Xpage=869>

<hw>Loos"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat loose.</def>

<h1>Loot</h1>
<Xpage=869>

<hw>Loot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>l<?/t</ets>, Skr. <ets>l<?/tra</ets>, <ets>l<?/ptra</ets>, booty, <ets>lup</ets> to break, spoil; prob. akin to E. <ets>rob</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of plundering.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Plunder; booty; especially, the boot taken in a conquered or sacked city.</def>

<h1>Loot</h1>
<Xpage=869>

<hw>Loot</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Looted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Looting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To plunder; to carry off as plunder or a prize lawfully obtained by war.</def>

<blockquote><b>Looting</b> parties . . . ransacking the houses.
<i>L.O<?/phant.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Looter</h1>
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<hw>Loot"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A plunderer.</def>

<h1>Loover</h1>
<Xpage=869>

<hw>Loo"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Louver</er>.</def>

<h1>Lop</h1>
<Xpage=869>

<hw>Lop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>loppe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A flea.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cleveland.</i>

<h1>Lop</h1>
<Xpage=869>

<hw>Lop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lopped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lopping</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prov. G. <ets>luppen</ets>, <ets>lubben</ets>,to cut, geld, or OD. <ets>luppen</ets>, D. <ets>lubben</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut off as the top or extreme part of anything; to sho<?/ -- by cutting off the extremities; to cut off, or remove as superfluous parts; <as>as, to <ex>lop</ex> a tree or its branches</as>.</def> "With branches <i>lopped</i>, in wood or mountain felled."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Expunge the whole, or <b>lop</b> the excrescent parts.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cut partly off and bend down; <as>as, to <ex>lop</ex> bushes in a hedge</as>.</def>

<h1>Lop</h1>
<Xpage=869>

<hw>Lop</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is lopped from anything, as branches from a tree.</def>

<i>Shak. Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Lop</h1>
<Xpage=869>

<hw>Lop</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To hang downward; to be pendent; to lean to one side.</def>

<h1>Lop</h1>
<Xpage=869>

<hw>Lop</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To let hang down; <as>as, to <ex>lop</ex> the head</as>.</def>

<h1>Lop</h1>
<Xpage=869>

<hw>Lop</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hanging down; <as>as, <ex>lop</ex> ears</as>; -- used also in compound adjectives; <as>as, <ex>lop</ex>eared; <ex>lop</ex>sided.</as></def>

<h1>Lope</h1>
<Xpage=869>

<hw>Lope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Leap</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And, laughing, <b>lope</b> into a tree. <b>Spenser</b>.

<h1>Lope</h1>
<Xpage=869>

<hw>Lope</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Loped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Loping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Leap</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To leap; to dance.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> "He that <i>lopes</i> on the ropes."

<i>Middleton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move with a lope, as a horse.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Lope</h1>
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<hw>Lope</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A leap; a long step.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An easy gait, consisting of long running strides or leaps.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<blockquote>The mustang goes rollicking ahead, with the eternal <b>lope</b>, . . . a mixture of two or three gaits, as easy as the motions of a crade.
<i>T. B. Thorpe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lopeared</h1>
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<hw>Lop"eared`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having ears which lop or hang down.</def>

<h1>Lopeman</h1>
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<hw>Lope"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Leaper; ropedancer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Loper</h1>
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<hw>Lop"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, lopes; esp., a horse that lopes.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rope Making)</fld> <def>A swivel at one end of a ropewalk, used in laying the strands.</def>

<h1>Lophine</h1>
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<hw>Loph"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a tuft or crest of feathers.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous organic base obtained by the oxidation of amarine, and regarded as a derivative of benzoic aldehyde. It is obtained in long white crystalline tufts, -- whence its name.</def>

<h1>Lophiomys</h1>
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<hw>Lo*phi"o*mys</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>lofia`</grk> a mane, bristly ridge + <grk>my^s</grk> a mouse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very singular rodent (<spn>Lophiomys Imhausi</spn>) of Northeastern Africa. It is the only known representative of a special family (<spn>Lophiomyid\'91</spn>), remarkable for the structure of the skull. It has handlike feet, and the hair is peculiar in structure and arrangement.</def>

<h1>Lophobranch</h1>
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<hw>Loph"o*branch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/  crest or tuft + <?/ gill.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Lophobranchii.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Lophobranchii.</def></def2>

<h1>Lophobranchiate</h1>
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<hw>Loph`o*bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Lophobranchii.</def>

<h1>Lophobranchii</h1>
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<hw>Loph`o*bran"chi*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a crest or tuft + <?/ gill.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of teleostean fishes, having the gills arranged in tufts on the branchial arches, as the Hippocampus and pipefishes.</def>

<h1>Lophophore</h1>
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<hw>Loph"o*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a crest or tuft + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A disk which surrounds the mouth and bears the tentacles of the Bryozoa. See <er>Phylactolemata</er>.</def>

<h1>Lophopoda</h1>
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<hw>Lo*phop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a crest or tuft + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Phylactolemata</er>.</def>

<h1>Lophosteon</h1>
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<hw>Lo*phos"te*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> ; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Lophostea</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Lophosteons</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a crest + <?/ a bone.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The central keel-bearing part of the sternum in birds.</def>

<h1>Loppard</h1>
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<hw>Lop"pard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lop</ets> + <ets>-ard</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tree, the top of which has been lopped off.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Lopper</h1>
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<hw>Lop"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lops or cuts off.</def>

<h1>Lopper</h1>
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<hw>Lop"per</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Loppered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Loppering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Prov. G. <ets>l\'81bbern</ets>, <ets>levern</ets>, OHG. <ets>giliber<?/n</ets>, G. <ets>luppe</ets>, <ets>lab</ets>, rennet.]</ety> <def>To turn sour and coagulate from too long standing, as milk.</def>

<h1>Lopping</h1>
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<hw>Lop"ping</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cutting off, as of branches; that which is cut off; leavings.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>loppings</b> made from that stock whilst it stood.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Loppy</h1>
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<hw>Lop"py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat lop; inclined to lop.</def>

<h1>Lopseed</h1>
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<hw>Lop"seed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial herb (<spn>Phryma Leptostachya</spn>), having slender seedlike fruits.</def>

<h1>Lopsided</h1>
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<hw>Lop"sid`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lop</ets> + <ets>side.</ets> Cf. <er>Lobsided</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Leaning to one side because of some defect of structure; <as>as, a <ex>lopsided</ex> ship</as>.</def>

<i>Marryat.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unbalanced; poorly proportioned; full of idiosyncrasies.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill. </i>

<h1>Loquacious</h1>
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<hw>Lo*qua"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>loquax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, talkative, fr. <ets>loqui</ets> to speak; cf. Gr. <?/ to rattle, shriek, shout.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Given to continual talking; talkative; garrulous.</def>

<blockquote><b>Loquacious</b>, brawling, ever in the wrong.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Speaking; expressive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Philips.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Apt to blab and disclose secrets.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Garrulous; talkative. See <er>Garrulous</er>.</syn>

<h1>Loquaciously</h1>
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<hw>Lo*qua"cious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a loquacious manner.</def>

<h1>Loquaciousness</h1>
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<hw>Lo*qua"cious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Loquacity.</def>

<h1>Loquacity</h1>
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<hw>Lo*quac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>loquacitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>loquacit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The habit or practice of talking continually or excessively; inclination to talk too much; talkativeness; garrulity.</def>

<blockquote>Too great <b>loquacity</b> and too great taciturnity by fits.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Loquat</h1>
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<hw>Lo"quat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Chinese name.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit of the Japanese medlar (<spn>Photinia Japonica</spn>). It is as large as a small plum, but grows in clusters, and contains four or five large seeds. Also, the tree itself.</def>

<h1>Loral</h1>
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<hw>Lo"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the lores.</def>

<h1>Lorate</h1>
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<hw>Lo"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>loratus</ets>, fr. <ets>lorum</ets> thong.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a thong or strap; ligulate.</def>

<h1>Lorcha</h1>
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<hw>Lor"cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A kind of light vessel used on the coast of China, having the hull built on a European model, and the rigging like that of a Chinese junk.</def>

<i>Admiral Foote.</i>

<h1>Lord</h1>
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<hw>Lord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gr. <?/ bent so as to be convex in front.]</ety> <def>A hump-backed person; -- so called sportively.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Richardson (Dict.).</i>

<h1>Lord</h1>
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<hw>Lord</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lord</ets>, <ets>laverd</ets>, <ets>loverd</ets>, AS. <ets>hl\'beford</ets>, for <ets>hl\'befweard</ets>, i. e., bread keeper; <ets>hl\'bef</ets> bread, loaf + <ets>weardian</ets> to look after, to take care of, to ward. See <er>Loaf</er>, and <er>Ward</er> to guard, and cf. <er>Laird</er>, <er>Lady</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who has power and authority; a master; a ruler; a governor; a prince; a proprietor, as of a manor.</def>

<blockquote>But now I was the <b>lord</b>
Of this fair mansion.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Man over men
He made not <b>lord</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A titled nobleman., whether a peer of the realm or not; a bishop, as a member of the House of Lords; by courtesy; the son of a duke or marquis, or the eldest son of an earl; in a restricted sense, a boron, as opposed to noblemen of higher rank.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A title bestowed on the persons above named; and also, for honor, on certain official persons; <as>as, <ex>lord</ex> advocate, <ex>lord</ex> chamberlain, <ex>lord</ex> chancellor, <ex>lord</ex> chief justice, etc.</as></def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A husband.</def> "My <i>lord</i> being old also."

<i>Gen. xviii. 12.</i>

<blockquote>Thou worthy <b>lord</b>
Of that unworthy wife that greeteth thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>One of whom a fee or estate is held; the male owner of feudal land; <as>as, the <ex>lord</ex> of the soil; the <ex>lord</ex> of the manor.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The Supreme Being; Jehovah.</def>

<note>&hand; When <i>Lord</i>, in the Old Testament, is printed in small capitals, it is usually equivalent to <i>Jehovah</i>, and might, with more propriety, be so rendered.</note>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The Savior; Jesus Christ.</def>

<cs><col>House of Lords</col>, <cd>one of the constituent parts of the British Parliament, consisting of the lords spiritual and temporal.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Lord high chancellor</col>, <col>Lord high constable</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See <er>Chancellor</er>, <er>Constable</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Lord justice clerk</col>, <cd>the second in rank of the two highest judges of the Supreme Court of Scotland.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Lord justice general</col>, &or; <col>Lord president</col></mcol>, <cd>the highest in rank of the judges of the Supreme Court of Scotland.</cd> -- <col>Lord keeper</col>, <cd>an ancient officer of the English crown, who had the custody of the king's great seal, with authority to affix it to public documents. The office is now merged in that of the chancellor.</cd> -- <col>Lord lieutenant</col>, <cd>a representative of British royalty: the <stype>lord lieutenant of Ireland</stype> being the representative of royalty there, and exercising supreme administrative authority; the <stype>lord lieutenant of a county</stype> being a deputy to manage its military concerns, and also to nominate to the chancellor the justices of the peace for that county.</cd> -- <col>Lord of misrule</col>, <cd>the master of the revels at Christmas in a nobleman's or other great house. <i>Eng. Cyc</i>.</cd> -- <col>Lords spiritual</col>, <cd>the archbishops and bishops who have seats in the House of Lords.</cd> -- <col>Lords temporal</col>, <cd>the peers of England; also, sixteen representative peers of Scotland, and twenty-eight representatives of the Irish peerage.</cd> -- <col>Our lord</col>, <cd>Jesus Christ; the Savior.</cd> -- <col>The Lord's Day</col>, <cd>Sunday; the Christian Sabbath, on which the Lord Jesus rose from the dead.</cd> -- <col>The Lord's Prayer</col>, <cd>the prayer which Jesus taught his disciples. <i>Matt. vi. 9-13</i>.</cd> -- <col>The Lord's Supper</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The paschal supper partaken of by Jesus the night before his crucifixion</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The sacrament of the eucharist; the holy communion.</cd> -- <col>The Lord's Table</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The altar or table from which the sacrament is dispensed</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The sacrament itself.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lord</h1>
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<hw>Lord</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To invest with the dignity, power, and privileges of a lord.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rule or preside over as a lord.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Lord</h1>
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<hw>Lord</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lorded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lording</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To play the lord; to domineer; to rule with arbitrary or despotic sway; -- sometimes with <ptcl>over</ptcl>; and sometimes with <ptcl>it</ptcl> in the manner of a transitive verb.</def>

<blockquote>The whiles she <b>lordeth</b> in licentious bliss.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I see them <b>lording</b> it in London streets.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And <b>lorded</b> over them whom now they serve.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lording</h1>
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<hw>Lord"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lord</ets> + <ets>-ing</ets>, 3.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The son of a lord; a person of noble lineage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A little lord; a lordling; a lord, in contempt or ridicule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<note>&hand; In the plural, a common ancient mode of address equivalent to "Sirs" or "My masters."</note>

<blockquote>Therefore, <b>lordings</b> all, I you beseech.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lordkin</h1>
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<hw>Lord"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little lord.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Lordlike</h1>
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<hw>Lord"like`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[2d <ets>lord + like</ets>. Cf. <er>Lordly</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Befitting or like a lord; lordly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Haughty; proud; insolent; arrogant.</def>

<h1>Lordliness</h1>
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<hw>Lord"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lordly</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being lordly.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Lordling</h1>
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<hw>Lord"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lord</ets> + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little or insignificant lord.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Lordly</h1>
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<hw>Lord"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Lordlier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Lordliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Lord</ets> + <ets>-ly</ets>. Cf. <er>Lordlike</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Suitable for a lord; of or pertaining to a lord; resembling a lord; hence, grand; noble; dignified; honorable.</def>

<blockquote>She brought forth butter in a <b>lordly</b> dish.
<i>Judges v. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Lordly</b> sins require <b>lordly estates to support them</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The maidens gathered strength and grace
And presence, <b>lordlier</b> than before.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Proud; haughty; imperious; insolent.</def>

<blockquote>Lords are <b>lordliest</b> in their wine.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Imperious; haughty; overbearing; tyrannical; despotic; domineering; arrogant. See <er>Imperious</er>.</syn>

<h1>Lordly</h1>
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<hw>Lord"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lordly manner.</def>

<h1>Lordolatry</h1>
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<hw>Lord*ol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lord</ets> + <ets>-olatry</ets>, as in <ets>idolatry</ets>.]</ety> <def>Worship of, or reverence for, a lord as such.</def> <mark>[Jocose]</mark>

<blockquote>But how should it be otherwise in a country where <b>lordolatry</b> is part of our creed ?
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lordosis</h1>
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<hw>Lor*do"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ , fr. <?/ bent so as to be convex in front.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A curvature of the spine forwards, usually in the lumbar region.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any abnormal curvature of the bones.</def>

<h1>Lords and Ladies</h1>
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<hw>Lords" and La"dies</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The European wake-robin (<spn>Arum maculatum</spn>), -- those with purplish spadix the lords, and those with pale spadix the ladies.</def>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Lordship</h1>
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<hw>Lord"ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or condition of being a lord; hence (with <i>his</i> or <i>your</i>), a title applied to a lord (except an archbishop or duke, who is called <i>Grace</i>) or a judge (in Great Britain), etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Seigniory; domain; the territory over which a lord holds jurisdiction; a manor.</def>

<blockquote>What lands and <b>lordships</b> for their owner know
My quondam barber.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Dominion; power; authority.</def>

<blockquote>They which are accounted to rule over the Gentiles exercise <b>lordship</b> over them.
<i>Mark x. 42.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lore</h1>
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<hw>Lore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lore</ets>, L. <ets>lorum</ets> thong.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The space between the eye and bill, in birds, and the corresponding region in reptiles and fishes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The anterior portion of the cheeks of insects.</def>

<h1>Lore</h1>
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<hw>Lore</hw>, <tt><mark>obs.</mark> imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Lose</er>. <ety>[See <er>Lose</er>.]</ety> <def>Lost.</def>
<-- irregular pos-ety-def format -->

<blockquote>Neither of them she found where she them <b>lore</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lore</h1>
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<hw>Lore</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lore</ets>, <ets>lare</ets>, AS. <ets>l\'ber</ets>, fr. <ets>l<?/ran</ets> to teach; akin to D. <ets>leer</ets> teaching, doctrine, G. <ets>lehre</ets>, Dan. <ets>l\'91re</ets>, Sw. <ets>l\'84ra</ets>. See <er>Learn</er>, and cf. <er>Lere</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is or may be learned or known; the knowledge gained from tradition, books, or experience; often, the whole body of knowledge possessed by a people or class of people, or pertaining to a particular subject; <as>as, the <ex>lore</ex> of the Egyptians; priestly <ex>lore</ex>; legal <ex>lore</ex>; folk<ex>lore</ex>.</as></def> "The <i>lore</i> of war."

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<blockquote>His fair offspring, nursed in princely <b>lore</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is taught; hence, instruction; wisdom; advice; counsel.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>If please ye, listen to my <b>lore</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Workmanship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Loreal, Loral</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lor"e*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lor"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the lore; -- said of certain feathers of birds, scales of reptiles, etc.</def>

<h1>Lorel</h1>
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<hw>Lor"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<?/. Cf. <er>Losel</er>.]</ety> <def>A good for nothing fellow; a vagabond.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Loren</h1>
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<hw>Lor"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs. strong p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Lose</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Loresman</h1>
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<hw>Lores"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lore</ets>learning + <ets>man</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instructor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Lorette</h1>
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<hw>Lo`rette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>In France, a name for a woman who is supported by her lovers, and devotes herself to idleness, show, and pleasure; -- so called from the church of Notre Dame de <i>Lorette</i>, in Paris, near which many of them resided.</def>

<h1>Lorettine</h1>
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<hw>Lo`ret*tine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>One of a order of nuns founded in 1812 at <ets>Loretto</ets>, in Kentucky. The members of the order (called also <altname>Sisters of Loretto</altname>, or <altname>Friends of Mary at the Foot of the Cross</altname>) devote themselves to the cause of education and the care of destitute orphans, their labors being chiefly confined to the Western United States.</def>

<h1>Lorgnette</h1>
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<hw>Lor`gnette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>An opera glass</def>; <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>elaborate double eyeglasses.</def>

<h1>Lori</h1>
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<hw>Lo"ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Lory</er>.</def>

<h1>Lorica</h1>
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<hw>Lo*ri"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Loric\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., lit., a corselet of thongs, fr. <ets>lorum</ets> thong.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>A cuirass, originally of leather, afterward of plates of metal or horn sewed on linen or the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Lute for protecting vessels from the fire.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The protective case or shell of an infusorian or rotifer</def>.

<h1>Loricata</h1>
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<hw>Lor`i*ca"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Loricata</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A suborder of edentates, covered with bony plates, including the armadillos.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The crocodilia.</def>

<hr>
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Page 870<p>

<h1>Loricate</h1>
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<hw>Lor"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Loricated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Loricating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>loricatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>loricare</ets> to clothe in mail, to cover with plastering, fr. <ets>lorica</ets> a leather cuirass, a plastering, fr. <ets>lorum</ets> thong.]</ety> <def>To cover with some protecting substance, as with lute, a crust, coating, or plates.</def>

<h1>Loricate</h1>
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<hw>Lor"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Loricate</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>Covered with a shell or exterior made of plates somewhat like a coat of mail, as in the armadillo.</def>

<h1>Loricate</h1>
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<hw>Lor"i*cate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal covered with bony scales, as crocodiles among reptiles, and the pangolins among mammals.</def>

<h1>Lorication</h1>
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<hw>Lor`i*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>loricatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of loricating; the protecting substance put on; a covering of scales or plates.</def>

<h1>Lorikeet</h1>
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<hw>Lor"i*keet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one numerous species of small brush-tongued parrots or lories, found mostly in Australia, New Guinea and the adjacent islands, with some forms in the East Indies. They are arboreal in their habits and feed largely upon the honey of flowers. They belong to <spn>Trichoglossus</spn>, <spn>Loriculus</spn>, and several allied genera.</def>

<h1>Lorimer, Loriner</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lor"i*mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lor"i*ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>lormier</ets>, <ets>loremier</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>loranum</ets> bridle, L. <ets>lorum</ets> thong, the rein of a bridle.]</ety> <def>A maker of bits, spurs, and metal mounting for bridles and saddles; hence, a saddler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Loring</h1>
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<hw>Lor"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 3d <er>Lore</er>.]</ety> <def>Instructive discourse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Loriot</h1>
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<hw>Lo"ri*ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. OF. <ets>loriou</ets>, for <ets>l'oriol</ets>, <ets><?/riol</ets>, <ets>l'</ets> being the article. The same word as <ets>oriole</ets>. See <er>Oriole</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The golden oriole of Europe. See <er>Oriole</er>.</def>

<h1>Loris</h1>
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<hw>Lo"ris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Loris</ets>, or <ets>lori</ets>, the indigenous East Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of small lemurs of the genus <spn>Stenops</spn>. They have long, slender limbs and large eyes, and are arboreal in their habits. The slender loris (<spn>S. gracilis</spn>), of Ceylon, in one of the best known species.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lori</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Lorn</h1>
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<hw>Lorn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Strong p. p. of <er>Lose</er>. See <er>Lose</er>, <er>Forlorn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lost; undone; ruined.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>If thou readest, thou art <b>lorn</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Forsaken; abandoned; solitary; bereft; <as>as, a lone, <ex>lorn</ex> woman</as>.</def>

<h1>Lorrie, Lorry</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lor"rie</hw>, <hw>Lor"ry</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lorries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Prob. from <ets>lurry</ets> to pull or lug.]</ety> <def>A small cart or wagon, as those used on the tramways in mines to carry coal or rubbish; also, a barrow or truck for shifting baggage, as at railway stations.</def><-- (Brit.) now a motorized vehicle, esp. a large one, for transporting freight, called "truck" in the U.S. -->

<h1>Lory</h1>
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<hw>Lo"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Hind. & Malay. <ets>l\'d4r\'c6</ets>, <ets>n\'d4r\'c6</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of many species of small parrots of the family Trichoglossid\'91, generally having the tongue papillose at the tip, and the mandibles straighter and less toothed than in common parrots. They are found in the East Indies, Australia, New Guinea, and the adjacent islands.  They feed mostly on soft fruits and on the honey of flowers.</def>

<note>&hand; The lory, or louri, of South Africa is the white-crested plantain eater or turacou. See <er>Turacou</er>.</note>

<h1>Los</h1>
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<hw>Los</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Praise. See <er>Loos</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Losable</h1>
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<hw>Los"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be lost.</def>

<h1>Losange</h1>
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<hw>Los"ange</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lozenge</er>.</def>

<h1>Lose</h1>
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<hw>Lose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Losing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>losien</ets> to loose, be lost, lose, AS. <ets>losian</ets> to become loose; akin to OE. <ets>leosen</ets> to lose, p. p. <ets>loren</ets>, <ets>lorn</ets>, AS. <ets>le\'a2san</ets>, <ets>p. p. loren</ets> (in comp.), D. ver<ets>liezen</ets>, G. ver<ets>lieren</ets>, Dan. for<ets>lise</ets>, Sw. f\'94r<ets>lisa</ets>, f\'94r<ets>lora</ets>, Goth. fra<ets>liusan</ets>, also to E. <ets>loose</ets>, a & v., L. <ets>luere</ets> to loose, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>l<?/</ets> to cut. &root;127. Cf. <er>Analysis</er>, <er>Palsy</er>, <er>Solve</er>, <er>Forlorn</er>, <er>Leasing</er>, <er>Loose</er>, <er>Loss</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To part with unintentionally or unwillingly, as by accident, misfortune, negligence, penalty, forfeit, etc.; to be deprived of; <as>as, to <ex>lose</ex> money from one's purse or pocket, or in business or gaming; to <ex>lose</ex> an arm or a leg by amputation; to <ex>lose</ex> men in battle.</as></def>

<blockquote>Fair Venus wept the sad disaster
Of having <b>lost</b> her favorite dove.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cease to have; to possess no longer; to suffer diminution of; <as>as, to <ex>lose</ex> one's relish for anything; to <ex>lose</ex> one's health.</as></def>

<blockquote>If the salt hath <b>lost</b> his savor, wherewith shall it be salted ?
<i>Matt. v. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not to employ; to employ ineffectually; to throw away; to waste; to squander; <as>as, to <ex>lose</ex> a day; to <ex>lose</ex> the benefits of instruction.</as></def>

<blockquote>The unhappy have but hours, and these they <b>lose</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To wander from; to miss, so as not to be able to and; to go astray from; <as>as, to <ex>lose</ex> one's way</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He hath <b>lost</b> his fellows.
<i>Shak</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To ruin; to destroy; as destroy; <as>as, the ship was <ex>lost</ex> on the ledge</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The woman that deliberates is <b>lost</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To be deprived of the view of; to cease to see or know the whereabouts of; <as>as, he <ex>lost</ex> his companion in the crowd</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Like following life thro' creatures you dissect,
You <b>lose</b> it in the moment you detect.
<i>Pope</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To fail to obtain or enjoy; to fail to gain or win; hence, to fail to catch with the mind or senses; to miss; <as>as, I <ex>lost</ex> a part of what he said</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He shall in no wise <b>lose</b> his reward.
<i>Matt. x. 42.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I fought the battle bravely which I <b>lost</b>,
And <b>lost</b> it but to Macedonians.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To cause to part with; to deprive of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>How should you go about to <b>lose</b> him a wife he loves with so much passion ?
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To prevent from gaining or obtaining.</def>

<blockquote>O false heart ! thou hadst almost betrayed me to eternal flames, and <b>lost</b> me this glory.
<i>Baxter.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To lose ground</col>, <cd>to fall behind; to suffer gradual loss or disadvantage.</cd> -- <col>To lose heart</col>, <cd>to lose courage; to become timid. "The mutineers <i>lost heart<i>." <i>Macaulay</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lose one's head</col>, <cd>to be thrown off one's balance; to lose the use of one's good sense or judgment.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>In the excitement of such a discovery, many scholars <b>lost their heads</b>.
<i>Whitney.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To lose one's self</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To forget or mistake the bearing of surrounding objects; as, <i>to lose one's self</i> in a great city.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To have the perceptive and rational power temporarily suspended; <as>as, we <ex>lose ourselves</ex> in sleep</as></cd>. -- <col>To lose sight of</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To cease to see; as, <i>to lose sight of</i> the land.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To overlook; to forget; to fail to perceive; <as>as, he <ex>lost sight of</ex> the issue</as></cd>.

<h1>Lose</h1>
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<hw>Lose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To suffer loss, disadvantage, or defeat; to be worse off, esp. as the result of any kind of contest.</def>

<blockquote>We 'll . . . hear poor rogues
Talk of court news; and we'll talk with them too,
Who <b>loses</b> and who wins; who's in, who's out.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Losel</h1>
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<hw>Los"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the root of <ets>lose</ets>, <ets>loss</ets>. <?/. Cf. <er>Lorel</er>.]</ety> <def>One who loses by sloth or neglect; a worthless person; a lorel.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>One sad <b>losel</b> soils a name for aye.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Losel</h1>
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<hw>Los"el</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wasteful; slothful.</def>

<h1>Losenger</h1>
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<hw>Los"en*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>losengier</ets>, <ets>losengeor</ets>, fr. <ets>losengier</ets> to deceive, flatter, <ets>losenge</ets>, flattery, Pr. <ets>lauzenga</ets>, fr. L. <ets>laus</ets> praise. Cf. <er>Lozenge</er>.]</ety> <def>A flatterer; a deceiver; a cozener.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>To a fair pair of gallows, there to end their lives with shame, as a number of such other <b>losengers</b> had done.
<i>Holinshed.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Losengerie</h1>
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<hw>Los"en*ger*ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.]</ety> <def>Flattery; deceit; trickery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Loser</h1>
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<hw>Los"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who loses.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Losing</h1>
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<hw>Lo"sing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Losenger</er>.]</ety> <def>Given to flattery or deceit; flattering; cozening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Amongst the many simoniacal that swarmed in the land, Herbert, Bishop of Thetford, must not be forgotten; nick-named <b>Losing</b>, that is, the Fratterer.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Losing</h1>
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<hw>Los"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lose</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Causing or incurring loss; <as>as, a <ex>losing</ex> game or business</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Who strive sit out <b>losing</b> hands are lost.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Losingly</h1>
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<hw>Los"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner to incur loss.</def>

<h1>Loss</h1>
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<hw>Loss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>los</ets> loss, losing, fr. <ets>le\'a2san</ets> to lose. <?/. See <er>Lose</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of losing; failure; destruction; privation; <as>as, the <ex>loss</ex> of property; <ex>loss</ex> of money by gaming; <ex>loss</ex> of health or reputation.</as></def>

<blockquote>Assured <b>loss</b> before the match be played.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of losing or having lost; the privation, defect, misfortune, harm, etc., which ensues from losing.</def>

<blockquote>Though thou repent, yet I have still the <b>loss</b>.
<i>Shak</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is lost or from which one has parted; waste; -- opposed to <i>gain</i> or <i>increase</i>; <as>as, the <ex>loss</ex> of liquor by leakage was considerable</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The state of being lost or destroyed; especially, the wreck or foundering of a ship or other vessel.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Failure to gain or win; <as>as, <ex>loss</ex> of a race or battle</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Failure to use advantageously; <as>as, <ex>loss</ex> of time</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Killed, wounded, and captured persons, or captured property.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Insurance)</fld> <def>Destruction or diminution of value, if brought about in a manner provided for in the insurance contract (as destruction by fire or wreck, damage by water or smoke), or the death or injury of an insured person; also, the sum paid or payable therefor; <as>as, the <ex>losses</ex> of the company this year amount to a million of dollars</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To bear a loss</col>, <cd>to make a loss good; also, to sustain a loss without sinking under it.</cd> -- <col>To be at a loss</col>, <cd>to be in a state of uncertainty.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Privation; detriment; injury; damage.</syn>

<h1>Lossful</h1>
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<hw>Loss"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Detrimental.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Lossless</h1>
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<hw>Loss"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from loss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Lost</h1>
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<hw>Lost</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Prop. p. p. of OE. <ets>losien</ets>. See <er>Lose</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Parted with unwillingly or unintentionally; not to be found; missing; <as>as, a <ex>lost</ex> book or sheep</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Parted with; no longer held or possessed; <as>as, a <ex>lost</ex> limb; <ex>lost</ex> honor.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not employed or enjoyed; thrown away; employed ineffectually; wasted; squandered; <as>as, a <ex>lost</ex> day; a <ex>lost</ex> opportunity or benefit.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Having wandered from, or unable to find, the way; bewildered; perplexed; <as>as, a child <ex>lost</ex> in the woods; a stranger <ex>lost</ex> in London.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Ruined or destroyed, either physically or morally; past help or hope; <as>as, a ship <ex>lost</ex> at sea; a woman <ex>lost</ex> to virtue; a <ex>lost</ex> soul.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Hardened beyond sensibility or recovery; alienated; insensible; <as>as, <ex>lost</ex> to shame; <ex>lost</ex> to all sense of honor.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Not perceptible to the senses; no longer visible; <as>as, an island <ex>lost</ex> in a fog; a person <ex>lost</ex> in a crowd.</as></def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Occupied with, or under the influence of, something, so as to be insensible of external things; <as>as, to be <ex>lost</ex> in thought</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Lost motion</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>the difference between the motion of a driver and that of a follower, due to the yielding of parts or looseness of joints.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lot</h1>
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<hw>Lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hlot</ets>; akin to <ets>hle\'a2tan</ets> to cast lots, OS. <ets>hl<?/t</ets> lot, D. <ets>lot</ets>, G. <ets>loos</ets>, OHG. <ets>l<?/z</ets>, Icel. <ets>hlutr</ets>, Sw. <ets>lott</ets>, Dan. <ets>lod</ets>, Goth. <ets>hlauts</ets>. Cf. <er>Allot</er>, <er>Lotto</er>, <er>Lottery</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which happens without human design or forethought; chance; accident; hazard; fortune; fate.</def>

<blockquote>But save my life, which <b>lot</b> before your foot doth lay.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything (as a die, pebble, ball, or slip of paper) used in determining a question by chance, or without man's choice or will; <as>as, to cast or draw <ex>lots</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>lot</b> is cast into the lap, but the whole disposing thereof is of the Lord.
<i>Prov. xvi. 33.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If we draw <b>lots</b>, he speeds.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The part, or fate, which falls to one, as it were, by chance, or without his planning.</def>

<blockquote>O visions ill foreseen! Each day's <b>lot's</b>
Enough to bear.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He was but born to try
The <b>lot</b> of man -- to suffer and to die.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A separate portion; a number of things taken collectively; <as>as, a <ex>lot</ex> of stationery</as>; -- colloquially, sometimes of people; <as>as, a sorry <ex>lot</ex>; a bad <ex>lot</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>I, this winter, met with a very large <b>lot</b> of English heads, chiefly of the reign of James I.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A distinct portion or plot of land, usually smaller than a field; <as>as, a building <ex>lot</ex> in a city</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The defendants leased a house and <b>lot</b> in the city of New York.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A large quantity or number; a great deal; <as>as, to spend a <ex>lot</ex> of money; <ex>lots</ex> of people think so.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>He wrote to her . . . he might be detained in London by a <b>lot</b> of business.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A prize in a lottery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<cs><col>To cast in one's lot with</col>, <cd>to share the fortunes of.</cd> -- <col>To cast lots</col>, <cd>to use or throw a die, or some other instrument, by the unforeseen turn or position of which, an event is by previous agreement determined.</cd> -- <col>To draw lots</col>, <cd>to determine an event, or make a decision, by drawing one thing from a number whose marks are concealed from the drawer.</cd> -- <col>To pay scot and lot</col>, <cd>to pay taxes according to one's ability. See <er>Scot</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lot</h1>
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<hw>Lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lotted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lotting</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To allot; to sort; to portion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<cs><mcol><col>To lot on</col> &or; <col>upon</col></mcol>, <cd>to count or reckon upon; to expect with pleasure. <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Lote</h1>
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<hw>Lote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lotus</ets>, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Lotus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large tree (<spn>Celtis australis</spn>), found in the south of Europe. It has a hard wood, and bears a cherrylike fruit. Called also <altname>nettle tree</altname>.</def>

<i>Eng. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Lote</h1>
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<hw>Lote</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lotte</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European burbot.</def>

<h1>Lote</h1>
<Xpage=870>

<hw>Lote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>lutian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To lurk; to lie hid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<mhw><h1>Loth, a., Lothly, a. & adv., Lothsome</h1>
<Xpage=870>

<hw>Loth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>Loth"ly</hw>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt>, <hw>Loth"some</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></mhw>, <def>See <er>Loath</er>, <er>Loathly</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Lothario</h1>
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<hw>Lo*tha"ri*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Name of a character in Rowe's drama, "The Fair Penitent."]</ety> <def>A gay seducer of women; a libertine.</def>

<h1>Lotion</h1>
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<hw>Lo"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lotio</ets>, fr. <ets>lavare</ets>, <ets>lotum</ets>, to wash: cf. F. <ets>lotion</ets>. See <er>Lave</er> to wash.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A washing, especially of the skin for the purpose of rendering it fair.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A liquid preparation for bathing the skin, or an injured or diseased part, either for a medicinal purpose, or for improving its appearance.</def>

<h1>Loto</h1>
<Xpage=870>

<hw>Lo"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lotto</er>.</def>

<h1>Lotong</h1>
<Xpage=870>

<hw>Lo*tong"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>l<?/tong</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An East Indian monkey (<spn>Semnopithecus femoralis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Lotophagi</h1>
<Xpage=870>

<hw>Lo*toph"a*gi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ the lotus + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A people visited by Ulysses in his wanderings. They subsisted on the lotus. See <er>Lotus</er> <sd>(b)</sd>, and <er>Lotus-eater</er>.</def>

<h1>Lotos</h1>
<Xpage=870>

<hw>Lo"tos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lotus</er>.</def>

<h1>Lottery</h1>
<Xpage=870>

<hw>Lot"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lotteries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Lot</ets> + <ets>-ery</ets>, as in brewe<ets>ry</ets>, bind<ets>ery</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A scheme for the distribution of prizes by lot or chance; esp., a gaming scheme in which one or more tickets bearing particular numbers draw prizes, and the rest of tickets are blanks. Fig. : An affair of chance.</def>

<note>&hand; The laws of the United States and of most of the States make lotteries illegal.</note><-- except those conducted by the states themselves -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Allotment; thing allotted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Lotto</h1>
<Xpage=870>

<hw>Lot"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>loto or</ets> It. <ets>lotto</ets>, prop., a lot; of German origin. See <er>Lot</er>.]</ety> <def>A game of chance, played with cards, on which are inscribed numbers, and any contrivance (as a wheel containing numbered balls) for determining a set of numbers by chance. The player holding a card having on it the set of numbers drawn from the wheel takes the stakes after a certain percentage of them has been deducted for the dealer. A variety of <i>lotto</i> is called <stype>keno</stype>.</def> <altsp>[Often written <asp>loto</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Loture</h1>
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<hw>Lo"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lotura</ets>. See <er>Lotion</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Lotion</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Lotus</h1>
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<hw>Lo"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lotus</ets>, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Lote</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A name of several kinds of water lilies; as <spn>Nelumbium speciosum</spn>, used in religious ceremonies, anciently in Egypt, and to this day in Asia; <spn>Nelumbium luteum</spn>, the American lotus; and <spn>Nymph\'91a Lotus</spn> and <spn>N. c\'91rulea</spn>, the respectively white-flowered and blue-flowered lotus of modern Egypt, which, with <spn>Nelumbium speciosum</spn>, are figured on its ancient monuments.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The <i>lotus</i> of the <i>lotuseaters</i>, probably a tree found in Northern Africa, Sicily, Portugal, and Spain (<spn>Zizyphus Lotus</spn>), the fruit of which is mildly sweet. It was fabled by the ancients to make strangers who ate of it forget their native country, or lose all desire to return to it.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The lote, or nettle tree. See <er>Lote</er>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A genus (<spn>Lotus</spn>) of leguminous plants much resembling clover.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lotos</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>European lotus</col>, <cd>a small tree (<spn>Diospyros Lotus</spn>) of Southern Europe and Asia; also, its rather large bluish black berry, which is called also the <altname>date plum</altname>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="871">
Page 871<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament much used in Egyptian architecture, generally asserted to have been suggested by the Egyptian water lily.</def>

<h1>Lotus-eater, Lotos-eater</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lo"tus-eat`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lo"tos-eat`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>One who ate the fruit or leaf of the lotus, and, as a consequence, gave himself up to indolence and daydreams; one of the Lotophagi.</def>

<blockquote>The mild-eyed melancholy <b>Lotos-eaters</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Louchettes</h1>
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<hw>Lou*chettes"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Goggles intended to rectify strabismus by permitting vision only directly in front.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Loud</h1>
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<hw>Loud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Louder</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Loudest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>loud</ets>, <ets>lud</ets>, AS. <ets>hl<?/d</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>hl<?/d</ets>, D. <ets>luid</ets>, OHG. <ets>l<?/t</ets>, G. <ets>laut</ets>, L. <ets>-clutus</ets>, in in<ets>clutus</ets>, in<ets>clitus</ets>, celebrated, renowned, <ets>cluere</ets> to be called, Gr. <?/ heard, loud, famous, <?/ to hear, Skr. <ets><?/ru</ets>. <?/. Cf. <er>Client</er>, <er>Listen</er>, <er>Slave</er> a serf.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having, making, or being a strong or great sound; noisy; striking the ear with great force; <as>as, a <ex>loud</ex> cry; <ex>loud</ex> thunder.</as></def>

<blockquote>They were instant with <b>loud</b> voices, requiring that he might be crucified.
<i>Luke xxiii. 23.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Clamorous; boisterous.</def>

<blockquote>She is <b>loud</b> and stubborn.
<i>Prov. vii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Emphatic; impressive; urgent; <as>as, a <ex>loud</ex> call for united effort</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Ostentatious; likely to attract attention; gaudy; <as>as, a <ex>loud</ex> style of dress; <ex>loud</ex> colors.</as></def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Noisy; boisterous; vociferous; clamorous; obstreperous; turbulent; blustering; vehement.</syn>

<h1>Loud</h1>
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<hw>Loud</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hl&umac;de</ets>.]</ety> <def>With loudness; loudly.</def>

<blockquote>To speak <b>loud</b> in public assemblies.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Loudful</h1>
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<hw>Loud"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Noisy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marsion.</i>

<h1>Loudly</h1>
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<hw>Loud"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a loud manner.</def>

<i>Denham.</i>

<h1>Loud-mouthed</h1>
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<hw>Loud"-mouthed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a loud voice; talking or sounding noisily; noisily impudent.</def>

<h1>Loudness</h1>
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<hw>Loud"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being loud.</def>

<h1>Loud-voiced</h1>
<Xpage=871>

<hw>Loud"-voiced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a loud voice; noisy; clamorous.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Lough</h1>
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<hw>Lough</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Loch</er>.]</ety> <def>A loch or lake; -- so spelt in Ireland.</def>

<h1>Lough</h1>
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<hw>Lough</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs. strong imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Laugh</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Louis d'or</h1>
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<hw>Lou"is d'or`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., gold louis.]</ety> <def>Formerly, a gold coin of France nominally worth twenty shillings sterling, but of varying value; -- first struck in 1640.</def>

<h1>Lonis quatorze</h1>
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<hw>Lon"is qua*torze"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., Louis fourteenth.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the art or style of the times of Louis XIV. of France; <as>as, <ex>Louis quatorze</ex> architecture</as>.</def>

<h1>Louk</h1>
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<hw>Louk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An accomplice; a "pal."</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There is no thief without a <b>louk</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lounge</h1>
<Xpage=871>

<hw>Lounge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lounged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lounging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>lungis</ets> a tall, slow, awkward fellow, OF. <ets>longis</ets>, <ets>longin</ets>, said to be fr. <ets>Longinus</ets>, the name of the centurion who pierced the body of Christ, but with reference also to L. <ets>longus</ets> long. Cf. <er>Long</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To spend time lazily, whether lolling or idly sauntering; to pass time indolently; to stand, sit, or recline, in an indolent manner.</def>

<blockquote>We <b>lounge</b> over the sciences, dawdle through literature, yawn over politics.
<i>J. Hannay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lounge</h1>
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<hw>Lounge</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An idle gait or stroll; the state of reclining indolently; a place of lounging.</def>

<blockquote>She went with Lady Stock to a bookseller's whose shop <?/erved as a fashionable <b>lounge</b>.
<i>Miss Edgeworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of furniture resembling a sofa, upon which one may lie or recline.</def>

<h1>Lounger</h1>
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<hw>Loun"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lounges; ar idler.</def>

<h1>Loup</h1>
<Xpage=871>

<hw>Loup</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Iron Works)</fld> <def>See 1st <er>Loop</er>.</def>

<h1>Loup-cervier</h1>
<Xpage=871>

<hw>Loup"-cer`vier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. Cf. <er>Lusern</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Canada lynx. See <er>Lynx</er>.</def>

<h1>Loup-loup</h1>
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<hw>Loup`-loup"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Pomeranian or Spitz dog.</def>

<h1>Loups</h1>
<Xpage=871>

<hw>Loups</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing.  <singw>Loup</singw></sing>. <ety>[F., prop., a wolf.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>The Pawnees, a tribe of North American Indians whose principal totem was the wolf.</def>

<h1>Lour</h1>
<Xpage=871>

<hw>Lour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Asiatic sardine (<spn>Clupea Neohowii</spn>), valued for its oil.</def>

<h1>Louri</h1>
<Xpage=871>

<hw>Lou"ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lory</er>.</def>

<h1>Louse</h1>
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<hw>Louse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lice</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>lous</ets>, AS. <ets>l<?/s</ets>, pl. <ets>l<?/s</ets>; akin to D. <ets>luis</ets>, G. <ets>laus</ets>, OHG. <ets>l<?/s</ets>, Icel. <ets>l<?/s</ets>, Sw. <ets>lus</ets>, Dan. <ets>luus</ets>; perh. so named because it is destructive, and akin to E. <ets>lose</ets>, <ets>loose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any one of numerous species of small, wingless, suctorial, parasitic insects belonging to a tribe (<spn>Pediculina</spn>), now usually regarded as degraded Hemiptera. To this group belong of the lice of man and other mammals; <as>as, the head <ex>louse</ex> of man (<spn>Pediculus capitis</spn>), the body <ex>louse</ex> (<spn>P. vestimenti</spn>), and the crab <ex>louse</ex> (<spn>Phthirius pubis</spn>), and many others</as>. See <cref>Crab louse</cref>, <cref>Dog louse</cref>, <cref>Cattle louse</cref>, etc., under <er>Crab</er>, <er>Dog</er>, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any one of numerous small mandibulate insects, mostly parasitic on birds, and feeding on the feathers. They are known as Mallophaga, or bird lice, though some occur on the hair of mammals. They are usually regarded as degraded Pseudoneuroptera. See <er>Mallophaga</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any one of the numerous species of aphids, or plant lice. See <er>Aphid</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any small crustacean parasitic on fishes. See <er>Branchiura</er>, and <er>Ichthvophthira</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is also applied to various other parasites; as, the whale <i>louse</i>, bee<i>louse</i>, horse <i>louse</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Louse fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a parasitic dipterous insect of the group Pupipara. Some of them are wingless, as the bee louse.</cd> -- <col>Louse mite</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of numerous species of mites which infest mammals and birds, clinging to the hair and feathers like lice. They belong to <spn>Myobia</spn>, <spn>Dermaleichus</spn>, <spn>Mycoptes</spn>, and several other genera.</cd></cs>

<h1>Louse</h1>
<Xpage=871>

<hw>Louse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To clean from lice.</def> "You sat and <i>loused</i> him."

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Lousewort</h1>
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<hw>Louse"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any species of <spn>Pedicularis</spn>, a genus of perennial herbs. It was said to make sheep that fed on it lousy.</def>

<cs><col>Yellow lousewort</col> , <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Rhinanthus</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lousily</h1>
<Xpage=871>

<hw>Lous"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lousy</er>.]</ety> <def>In a lousy manner; in a mean, paltry manner; scurvily.</def> <mark>[Vulgar]</mark>

<h1>Lousiness</h1>
<Xpage=871>

<hw>Lous"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being lousy.</def>

<h1>Lousy</h1>
<Xpage=871>

<hw>Lous"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Infested with lice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mean; contemptible; <as>as, <ex>lousy</ex> knave</as>.</def> <mark>[Vulgar]</mark><-- informal but common(1950-96) -->

<blockquote>Such <b>lousy</b> learning as this is.
<i>Bale.</i></blockquote>

<-- 3. very bad [RH2: "wretchedly bad"]. To feel lousy; to do a lousy job. -->

<h1>Lout</h1>
<Xpage=871>

<hw>Lout</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>louten</ets>, <ets>luten</ets>, AS. <ets>l<?/tan</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>l<?/ta</ets>, Dan. <ets>lude</ets>, OHG. <ets>l<?/z<?/n</ets> to lie hid.]</ety> <def>To bend; to box; to stoop.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Longfellow.</i>

<blockquote>He fair the knight saluted, <b>louting</b> low.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lout</h1>
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<hw>Lout</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formerly also written <ets>lowt</ets>.]</ety> <def>A clownish, awkward fellow; a bumpkin.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Lout</h1>
<Xpage=871>

<hw>Lout</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat as a lout or fool; to neglect; to disappoint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Loutish</h1>
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<hw>Lout"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Clownish; rude; awkward.</def> "<i>Loutish</i> clown." <i>Sir P. Sidney</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Lout"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Lout"*ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Loutou</h1>
<Xpage=871>

<hw>Lou*tou"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native names.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A crested black monkey (<spn>Semnopithecus maurus</spn>) of Java.</def>

<h1>Louver, Louvre</h1>
<Xpage=871>

<hw><hw>Lou"ver</hw>, <hw>Lou"vre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lover</ets>, OF. <ets>lover</ets>, <ets>lovier</ets>; <ets>or l'ouvert</ets> the opening, fr. <ets>overt</ets>, <ets>ouvert</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ovrir</ets>, <ets>ouvrir</ets>, to open, F. <ets>ouvrir</ets>. Cf. <er>Overt</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small lantern. See <er>Lantern</er>, 2 (a)</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lover</asp>, <asp>loover</asp>, <asp>lovery</asp>, and <asp>luffer</asp>.]</altsp>

<-- 2. same as louver boards; (b) a set of slats resembling louver boards, arranged in a vertical row and attached at each slat end to a frame inserted in a door or window; the slats may be made of wood, plastic, or metal, and the angle of inclination of the slats may be adjustable simultaneously, to allow more or less light or air into the enclosure.  -->

<cs><mcol><col>Louver boards</col> &or; <col>boarding</col></mcol>, <cd>the sloping boards set to shed rainwater outward in openings which are to be left otherwise unfilled; as belfry windows, the openings of a louver, etc.</cd> -- <col>Louver work</col>, <cd>slatted work.</cd></cs>

<-- Louver, v. to supply with louvers; louvered doors, louvered windows -->

<h1>Lovable</h1>
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<hw>Lov"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having qualities that excite, or are fitted to excite, love; worthy of love.</def>

<blockquote>Elaine the fair, Elaine the <b>lovable</b>,
Elaine, the lily maid of Astolat.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lovage</h1>
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<hw>Lov"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>liv\'8ache</ets>, fr. L. <ets>levisticum</ets>, <ets>ligusticum</ets>, a plant indigenous to Liguria, lovage, from <ets>Ligusticus</ets> Ligustine, Ligurian, <ets>Liguria</ets> a country of Cisalpine Gaul.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An umbelliferous plant (<spn>Levisticum officinale</spn>), sometimes used in medicine as an aromatic stimulant.</def>

<h1>Love</h1>
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<hw>Love</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>love</ets>, <ets>luve</ets>, AS. <ets>lufe</ets>, <ets>lufu</ets>; akin to E.<ets>lief</ets>, <ets>believe</ets>, L. <ets>lubet</ets>, <ets>libet</ets>,it pleases, Skr. <ets>lubh</ets> to be lustful. See <er>Lief</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A feeling of strong attachment induced by that which delights or commands admiration; pre\'89minent kindness or devotion to another; affection; tenderness; <as>as, the <ex>love</ex> of brothers and sisters</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Of all the dearest bonds we prove
Thou countest sons' and mothers' <b>love</b>
Most sacred, most Thine own.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Especially, devoted attachment to, or tender or passionate affection for, one of the opposite sex.</def>

<blockquote>He on his side
Leaning half-raised, with looks of cordial <b>love</b>
Hung over her enamored.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Courtship; -- chiefly in the phrase <it>to make love</it>, i. e., to court, to woo, to solicit union in marriage.</def>

<blockquote>Demetrius . . .
Made <b>love</b> to Nedar's daughter, Helena,
And won her soul.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Affection; kind feeling; friendship; strong liking or desire; fondness; good will; -- opposed to <i>hate</i>; often with <i>of</i> and an object.</def>

<blockquote><b>Love</b>, and health to all.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Smit with the <b>love</b> of sacred song.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>love</b> of science faintly warmed his breast.
<i>Fenton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Due gratitude and reverence to God.</def>

<blockquote>Keep yourselves in the <b>love</b> of God.
<i>Jude 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The object of affection; -- often employed in endearing address.</def> "Trust me, <i>love</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Open the temple gates unto my <b>love</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Cupid, the god of love; sometimes, Venus.</def>

<blockquote>Such was his form as painters, when they show
Their utmost art, on naked <b>Lores</b> bestow.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Therefore do nimble-pinioned doves draw <b>Love</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A thin silk stuff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A climbing species of Clematis (<spn>C. Vitalba</spn>).</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Nothing; no points scored on one side; -- used in counting score at tennis, etc.</def>

<blockquote>He won the match by three sets to <b>love</b>.
<i>The Field.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Love</i> is often used in the formation of compounds, in most of which the meaning is very obvious; as, <i>love-</i>cracked, <i>love-</i>darting, <i>love-</i>killing, <i>love-</i>linked, <i>love-</i>taught, etc.</note>

<cs><col>A labor of love</col>, <cd>a labor undertaken on account of regard for some person, or through pleasure in the work itself, without expectation of reward.</cd> -- <col>Free love</col>, <cd>the doctrine or practice of consorting with one of the opposite sex, at pleasure, without marriage. See <er>Free love</er>.</cd> -- <col>Free lover</col>, <cd>one who avows or practices free love.</cd> -- <col>In love</col>, <cd>in the act of loving; -- said esp. of the love of the sexes; <as>as, to be <ex>in love<ex>; to fall <ex>in love<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>Love apple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the tomato.</cd> -- <col>Love bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of small, short-tailed parrots, or parrakeets, of the genus <spn>Agapornis</spn>, and allied genera. They are mostly from Africa. Some species are often kept as cage birds, and are celebrated for the affection which they show for their mates.</cd> -- <col>Love broker</col>, <cd>a person who for pay acts as agent between lovers, or as a go-between in a sexual intrigue. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Love charm</col>, <cd>a charm for exciting love. <i>Ld. Lytton</i>.</cd> -- <col>Love child</col>. <cd>an illegitimate child. <i>Jane Austen</i>.</cd> -- <col>Love day</col>, <cd>a day formerly appointed for an amicable adjustment of differences. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Piers Plowman</i>. <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>Love drink</col>, <cd>a love potion; a philter. <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>Love favor</col>, <cd>something given to be worn in token of love.</cd> -- <col>Love feast</col>, <cd>a religious festival, held quarterly by some religious denominations, as the Moravians and Methodists, in imitation of the <i>agap\'91<i> of the early Christians.</cd> -- <col>Love feat</col>, <cd>the gallant act of a lover. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Love game</col>, <cd>a game, as in tennis, in which the vanquished person or party does not score a point.</cd> -- <col>Love grass</col>. <ety>[G. <ets>liebesgras</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Any grass of the genus <spn>Eragrostis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Love-in-a-mist</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An herb of the Buttercup family (<spn>Nigella Damascena</spn>) having the flowers hidden in a maze of finely cut bracts</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The West Indian <spn>Passiflora f\'d2tida</spn>, which has similar bracts.</cd> -- <col>Love-in-idleness</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of violet; the small pansy.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>A little western flower,
Before milk-white, now purple with love's wound;
And maidens call it <b>love-in-idleness</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Love juice</col>, <cd>juice of a plant supposed to produce love.</cd> <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>Love knot</col>, <cd>a knot or bow, as of ribbon; -- so called from being used as a token of love, or as a pledge of mutual affection. <i>Milman</i>.</cd> -- <col>Love lass</col>, <cd>a sweetheart.</cd> -- <col>Love letter</col>, <cd>a letter of courtship. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Love-lies-bleeding</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of amaranth (<spn>Amarantus melancholicus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Love match</col>, <cd>a marriage brought about by love alone.</cd> -- <col>Love potion</col>, <cd>a compounded draught intended to excite love, or venereal desire.</cd> -- <col>Love rites</col>, <cd>sexual intercourse.</cd> <i>Pope</i> -- <col>Love scene</col>, <cd>an exhibition of love, as between lovers on the stage.</cd> -- <col>Love suit</col>, <cd>courtship. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Of all loves</col>, <cd>for the sake of all love; by all means. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Mrs. Arden desired him <i>of all loves</i> to come back again." <i>Holinshed</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>The god of love</col>, &or; <col>Love god</col></mcol>, <cd>Cupid.</cd> -- <col>To make love to</col>, <cd>to express affection for; to woo. "If you will marry, <i>make</i> your <i>loves to</i> me." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To play for love</col>, <cd>to play a game, as at cards, without stakes. "A game at piquet <i>for love</i>." <i>Lamb</i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Affection; friendship; kindness; tenderness; fondness; delight.</syn>

<h1>Love</h1>
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<hw>Love</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Loved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Loving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>lufian</ets>. <?/. See <er>Love</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have a feeling of love for; to regard with affection or good will; <as>as, to <ex>love</ex> one's children and friends; to <ex>love</ex> one's country; to <ex>love</ex> one's God.</as></def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt <b>love</b> the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind.
<i>Matt. xxii. 37.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou shalt <b>love</b> thy neighbor as thy self.
<i>Matt. xxii. 39.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To regard with passionate and devoted affection, as that of one sex for the other.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take delight or pleasure in; to have a strong liking or desire for, or interest in; to be pleased with; to like; <as>as, to <ex>love</ex> books; to <ex>love</ex> adventures.</as></def>

<blockquote>Wit, eloquence, and poetry.
Arts which I <b>loved</b>.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Love</h1>
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<hw>Love</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To have the feeling of love; to be in love.</def>

<h1>Loveable</h1>
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<hw>Love"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Lovable</er>.</def>

<h1>Lovedrury</h1>
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<hw>Love"*dru`ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Love</ets> + OF. <ets>druerie.</ets> Cf. <er>Druery</er>.]</ety> <def>Affection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lovee</h1>
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<hw>Lov*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is loved.</def> <mark>[Humorous]</mark> "The lover and <i>lovee</i>."

<i>Richardson.</i>

<h1>Loveful</h1>
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<hw>Love"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of love.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sylvester.</i>

<h1>Loveless</h1>
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<hw>Love"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Void of love; void of tenderness or kindness.</def>

<i>Milton. Shelton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not attracting love; unattractive.</def>

<blockquote>These are ill-favored to see to; and yet, as<b>loveless</b> as they be, they are not without some medicinable virtues.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lovelily</h1>
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<hw>Love"li*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lovely</er>.]</ety> <def>In manner to excite love; amiably.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Otway.</i>

<h1>Loveliness</h1>
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<hw>Love"li*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lovely</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being lovely.</def>

<blockquote>If there is such a native <b>loveliness</b> in the sex as to make them victorious when in the wrong, how resistless their power when they are on the side of truth!
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lovelock</h1>
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<hw>Love"lock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A long lock of hair hanging prominently by itself; an earlock; -- worn by men of fashion in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<blockquote>A long <b>lovelock</b> and long hair he wore. <b>Sir W</b>. <b>Scott</b>.

<h1>Lovelorn</h1>
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<hw>Love"lorn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Forsaken by one's love.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>lovelorn</b> nightingale.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lovely</h1>
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<hw>Love"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Lovelier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Loveliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>luflic</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having such an appearance as excites, or is fitted to excite, love; beautiful; charming; very pleasing in form, looks, tone, or manner.</def> "<i>Lovely</i> to look on." <i>Piers Plowman</i>.

<blockquote>Not one so fair of face, of speech so <b>lovely</b>.
<i>Robert of Brunne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If I had such a tire, this face of mine
Were full as <b>lovely</b> as is this of hers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lovable; amiable; having qualities of any kind which excite, or are fitted to excite, love or friendship.</def>

<blockquote>A most <b>lovely</b> gentlemanlike man.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Loving; tender.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>lovely</i> kiss."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Many a <b>lovely</b> look on them he cast.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Very pleasing; -- applied loosely to almost anything which is not grand or merely pretty; <as>as, a <ex>lovely</ex> view; a <ex>lovely</ex> valley; a <ex>lovely</ex> melody.</as></def>

<blockquote>Indeed these fields
Are <b>lovely</b>, <b>lovelier</b> not the Elysian lawns.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Beautiful; charming; delightful; delectable; enchanting; lovable; amiable.</syn>

<h1>Lovely</h1>
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<hw>Love"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner to please, or to excite love.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Tyndale.</i>

<h1>Love-making</h1>
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<hw>Love"-mak`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Courtship.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Lovemonger</h1>
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<hw>Love"mon`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who deals in affairs of love.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Lover</h1>
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<hw>Lov"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who loves; one who is in love; -- usually limited, in the singular, to a person of the male sex.</def>

<i>Gower.</i>

<blockquote>Love is blind, and <b>lovers</b> can not see
The pretty follies that themselves commit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A friend; one strongly attached to another; one who greatly desires the welfare of any person or thing; <as>as, a <ex>lover</ex> of his country</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I slew my best <b>lover</b> for the good of Rome.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who has a strong liking for anything, as books, science, or music.</def> "A <i>lover</i> of knowledge." <i>T. Burnet</i>.

<hr>
<page="872">
Page 872<p>

<h1>Lover, Lovery</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lo"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lo"ver*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Louver</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Loverwise</h1>
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<hw>Lo"ver*wise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>As lovers do.</def>

<blockquote>As they sat down here <b>loverwise</b>.
<i>W. D. Howells.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Love-sick</h1>
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<hw>Love"-sick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Languishing with love or amorous desire; <as>as, a <ex>love-sick</ex> maid</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To the dear mistress of my <b>love-sick</b> mind.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Originating in, or expressive of, languishing love.</def>

<blockquote>Where nightingales their <b>love-sick</b> ditty sing.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Love-sickness</h1>
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<hw>Love"-sick`ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being love-sick.</def>

<h1>Lovesome</h1>
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<hw>Love"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>lufsum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lovely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Loving</h1>
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<hw>Lov"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Affectionate.</def>

<blockquote>The fairest and most <b>loving</b> wife in Greece.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressing love or kindness; <as>as, <ex>loving</ex> words</as>.</def>

<h1>Loving-kindness</h1>
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<hw>Lov"ing-kind"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Tender regard; mercy; favor.</def>

<i>Ps. lxxxix. 33.</i>

<h1>Lovingly</h1>
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<hw>Lov"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With love; affectionately.</def>

<h1>Lovingness</h1>
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<hw>Lov"ing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Affection; kind regard.</def>

<blockquote>The only two bands of good will, loveliness and <b>lovingness</b>.
<i>Sir. P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lovyer</h1>
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<hw>Lov"yer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lover.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Low</h1>
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<hw>Low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs</tt><def>, <i>strong imp</i>. of <er>Laugh</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Low</h1>
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<hw>Low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lowed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>lowen</ets>, AS. <ets>hl<?/wan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>loeijen</ets>, OHG. <ets>hl<?/jan</ets>, <ets>hluojan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make the calling sound of cows and other bovine animals; to moo.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>lowing</b> herd wind slowly o'er the lea.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Low</h1>
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<hw>Low</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The calling sound ordinarily made by cows and other bovine animals.</def>

<blockquote>Talking voices and the <b>law</b> of herds.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Low</h1>
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<hw>Low</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hl\'bew</ets>; akin to Goth. <ets>hlaiw</ets> a grave, <ets>hlains</ets> a hill, and to E. <ets>lean</ets> to incline.]</ety> <def>A hill; a mound; a grave.</def> <mark>[Obs. except in place names.]</mark>

<i>Skeat.</i>

<h1>Low</h1>
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<hw>Low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>log</ets>, <ets>logi</ets>; akin to E. <ets>light</ets>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Fire; a flame; a light.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Low</h1>
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<hw>Low</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To burn; to blaze.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Low</h1>
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<hw>Low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Lower</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Lowest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>low</ets>, <ets>louh</ets>, <ets>lah</ets>, Icel. <ets>l\'begr</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>l</ets>\'86<ets>g</ets>, Dan. <ets>lav</ets>, D.  <ets>laag</ets>, and E. <ets>lie</ets>. See <er>Lie</er> to be prostrate.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Occupying an inferior position or place; not high or elevated; depressed in comparison with something else; <as>as, <ex>low</ex> ground; a <ex>low</ex> flight.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not rising to the usual height; <as>as, a man of <ex>low</ex> stature; a <ex>low</ex> fence.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Near the horizon; <as>as, the sun is <ex>low</ex> at four o'clock in winter, and six in summer</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Sunk to the farthest ebb of the tide; <as>as, <ex>low</ex> tide</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Beneath the usual or remunerative rate or amount, or the ordinary value; moderate; cheap; <as>as, the <ex>low</ex> price of corn; <ex>low</ex> wages.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Not loud; <as>as, a <ex>low</ex> voice; a <ex>low</ex> sound.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Depressed in the scale of sounds; grave; <as>as, a <ex>low</ex> pitch; a <ex>low</ex> note.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>Made, as a vowel, with a low position of part of the tongue in relation to the palate; <as>as, <?/ (<?/m), <?/ (all)</as>. See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 5, 10, 11.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Near, or not very distant from, the equator; <as>as, in the <ex>low</ex> northern latitudes</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Numerically small; <as>as, a <ex>low</ex> number</as>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Wanting strength or animation; depressed; dejected; <as>as, <ex>low</ex> spirits; <ex>low</ex> in spirits.</as></def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>Depressed in condition; humble in rank; <as>as, men of <ex>low</ex> condition; the <ex>lower</ex> classes.</as></def>

<blockquote>Why but to keep ye <b>low</b> and ignorant ?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>Mean; vulgar; base; dishonorable; <as>as, a person of <ex>low</ex> mind; a <ex>low</ex> trick or stratagem.</as></def>

<p><b>14.</b> <def>Not elevated or sublime; not exalted or diction; <as>as, a <ex>low</ex> comparison</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In comparison of these divine writers, the noblest wits of the heathen world are <b>low</b> and dull.
<i>Felton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>15.</b> <def>Submissive; humble.</def> "<i>Low</i> reverence."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>16.</b> <def>Deficient in vital energy; feeble; weak; <as>as, a <ex>low</ex> pulse; made <ex>low</ex> by sickness.</as></def>

<p><b>17.</b> <def>Moderate; not intense; not inflammatory; <as>as, <ex>low</ex> heat; a <ex>low</ex> temperature; a <ex>low</ex> fever.</as></def>

<p><b>18.</b> <def>Smaller than is reasonable or probable; <as>as, a <ex>low</ex> estimate</as>.</def>

<p><b>19.</b> <def>Not rich, high seasoned, or nourishing; plain; simple; <as>as, a <ex>low</ex> diet</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Low</i> is often used in the formation of compounds which require no special explanation; as, <i>low-</i>arched, <i>low-</i> browed, <i>low-</i>crowned, <i>low-</i>heeled, <i>low-</i>lying, <i>low-</i>priced, <i>low-</i>roofed, <i>low-</i>toned, <i>low-</i>voiced, and the like.</note>

<cs><col>Low Church</col>. <cd>See <cref>High Church</cref>, under <er>High</er>.</cd> -- <col>Low Countries</col>, <cd>the Netherlands.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Low German</col>, <col>Low Latin</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>German</er>, <er>Latin</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Low life</col>, <cd>humble life.</cd> -- <col>Low milling</col>, <cd>a process of making flour from grain by a single grinding and by siftings.</cd> -- <col>Low relief</col>. <cd>See <er>Bas-relief</er>.</cd> -- <col>Low side window</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a peculiar form of window common in medi\'91val churches, and of uncertain use. Windows of this sort are narrow, near the ground, and out of the line of the windows, and in many different situations in the building.</cd> -- <col>Low spirits</col>, <cd>despondency.</cd> -- <col>Low steam</col>, <cd>steam having a low pressure.</cd> -- <col>Low steel</col>, <cd>steel which contains only a small proportion of carbon, and can not be hardened greatly by sudden cooling.</cd> -- <col>Low Sunday</col>, <cd>the Sunday next after Easter; -- popularly so called.</cd> -- <col>Low tide</col>, <cd>the farthest ebb of the tide; the tide at its lowest point; low water.</cd> -- <col>Low water</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The lowest point of the ebb tide; a low stage of the in a river, lake, etc.</cd>  <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Steam Boiler)</fld> <cd>The condition of an insufficient quantity of water in the boiler.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Low water</col> <col>alarm &or; indicator</col></mcol> <fld>(Steam Boiler)</fld>, <cd>a contrivance of various forms attached to a boiler for giving warning when the water is low.</cd> -- <col>Low water mark</col>, <cd>that part of the shore to which the waters recede when the tide is the lowest. <i>Bouvier</i>.</cd> -- <col>Low wine</col>, <cd>a liquor containing about 20 percent of alcohol, produced by the first distillation of wash; the first run of the still; -- often in the plural.</cd></cs>

<h1>Low</h1>
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<hw>Low</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>The lowest trump, usually the deuce; the lowest trump dealt or drawn.</def>

<h1>Low</h1>
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<hw>Low</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a low position or manner; not aloft; not on high; near the ground.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Under the usual price; at a moderate price; cheaply; <as>as, he sold his wheat <ex>low</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In a low mean condition; humbly; meanly.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In time approaching our own.</def>

<blockquote>In that part of the world which was first inhabited, even as <b>low</b> down as Abraham's time, they wandered with their flocks and herds.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>With a low voice or sound; not loudly; gently; <as>as, to speak <ex>low</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>The . . . odorous wind
Breathes <b>low</b> between the sunset and the moon.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>With a low musical pitch or tone.</def>

<blockquote>Can sing both high and <b>low</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>In subjection, poverty, or disgrace; <as>as, to be brought <ex>low</ex> by oppression, by want, or by vice</as>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>In a path near the equator, so that the declination is small, or near the horizon, so that the altitude is small; -- said of the heavenly bodies with reference to the diurnal revolution; <as>as, the moon runs <ex>low</ex>, that is, is comparatively near the horizon when on or near the meridian</as>.</def>

<h1>Low</h1>
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<hw>Low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To depress; to lower.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Lowbell</h1>
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<hw>Low"bell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Low</ets> a flame + <ets>bell</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bell used in fowling at night, to frighten birds, and, with a sudden light, to make them fly into a net.</def>

<blockquote>The fowler's <b>lowbell</b> robs the lark of sleep.
<i>King.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bell to be hung on the neck of a sheep.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>lowbell</b> hung about a sheep's . . . neck.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lowbell</h1>
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<hw>Low"bell`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To frighten, as with a lowbell.</def>

<h1>Lowborn</h1>
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<hw>Low"born`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Born in a low condition or rank; -- opposed to <i>highborn</i>.</def>

<h1>Lowbred</h1>
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<hw>Low"bred`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bred, or like one bred, in a low condition of life; characteristic or indicative of such breeding; rude; impolite; vulgar; <as>as, a <ex>lowbred</ex> fellow; a <ex>lowbred</ex> remark.</as></def>

<h1>Low-church</h1>
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<hw>Low"-church`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not placing a high estimate on ecclesiastical organizations or forms; -- applied especially to Episcopalians, and opposed to <i>high-church</i>. See <cref>High Church</cref>, under <er>High</er>.</def>

<h1>Low-churchism</h1>
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<hw>Low"-church`ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles of the low-church party.</def>

<h1>Low-churchman</h1>
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<hw>Low"-church`man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-men</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who holds low-church principles.</def>

<h1>Low-churchmanship</h1>
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<hw>Low"-church`man*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a low-churchman.</def>

<h1>Lower</h1>
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<hw>Low"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def><tt>Compar.</tt> <it>of</it> <er>Low</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>
<-- irregular format -->

<h1>Lower</h1>
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<hw>Low"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lowered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lowering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Low</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To let descend by its own weight, as something suspended; to let down; <as>as, to <ex>lower</ex> a bucket into a well; to <i>lower</i> a sail or a boat</as>; sometimes, to pull down; <as>as, to <ex>lower</ex> a flag</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Lowered</b> softly with a threefold cord of love
Down to a silent grave.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reduce the height of; <as>as, to <ex>lower</ex> a fence or wall; to <ex>lower</ex> a chimney or turret.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To depress as to direction; <as>as, to <ex>lower</ex> the aim of a gun</as>; to make less elevated as to object; <as>as, to <ex>lower</ex> one's ambition, aspirations, or hopes</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To reduce the degree, intensity, strength, etc., of; <as>as, to <ex>lower</ex> the temperature of anything; to <ex>lower</ex> one's vitality; to <ex>lower</ex> distilled liquors.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To bring down; to humble; <as>as, to <ex>lower</ex> one's pride</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To reduce in value, amount, etc. ; <as>as, to <ex>lower</ex> the price of goods, the rate of interest, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Lower</h1>
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<hw>Low"er</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fall; to sink; to grow less; to diminish; to decrease; <as>as, the river <ex>lowered</ex> as rapidly as it rose</as>.</def>

<h1>Lower</h1>
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<hw>Low"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lowered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lowering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>lowren</ets>, <ets>luren</ets>; cf. D. <ets>loeren</ets>, LG. <ets>luren</ets>. G. <ets>lauern</ets> to lurk, to be on the watch, and E. <ets>leer</ets>, <ets>lurk</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be dark, gloomy, and threatening, as clouds; to be covered with dark and threatening clouds, as the sky; to show threatening signs of approach, as a tempest.</def>

<blockquote>All the clouds that <b>lowered</b> upon our house.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To frown; to look sullen.</def>

<blockquote>But sullen discontent sat <b>lowering</b> on her face.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lower</h1>
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<hw>Low"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cloudiness; gloominess.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A frowning; sullenness.</def>

<h1>Lower-case</h1>
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<hw>Low"er-case`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or kept in, the lower case; -- used to denote the small letters, in distinction from capitals and small capitals. See the Note under 1st <er>Case</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Lowering</h1>
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<hw>Low"er*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dark and threatening; gloomy; sullen; <as>as, <ex>lowering</ex> clouds or sky</as>.</def>

<h1>Loweringly</h1>
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<hw>Low"er*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lowering manner; with cloudiness or threatening gloom.</def>

<h1>Lowermost</h1>
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<hw>Low"er*most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[Irreg. <ets>superl</ets>. of <er>Low</er>. Cf. <er>Uppermost</er>, <er>Foremost</er>, etc.]</wordforms> <def>Lowest.</def>

<h1>Lowery</h1>
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<hw>Low"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cloudy; gloomy; lowering; <as>as, a <ex>lowery</ex> sky; <ex>lowery</ex> weather.</as></def>

<h1>Lowgh, Lowh</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lowgh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lowh</hw><hw>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>strong imp.</tt> of <er>Laugh</er>. <ety>[Cf. 1st Low and 2d <er>Lough</er>.]</ety>
<-- irregular format -->

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lowing</h1>
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<hw>Low"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The calling sound made by cows and other bovine animals.</def>

<h1>Lowish</h1>
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<hw>Low"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat low.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<h1>Lowk</h1>
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<hw>Lowk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Louk</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lowland</h1>
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<hw>Low"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Land which is low with respect to the neighboring country; a low or level country; -- opposed to <i>highland</i>.</def>

<cs><col>The Lowlands</col>, <cd>Belgium and Holland; the Netherlands; also, the southern part of Scotland.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lowlander</h1>
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<hw>Low"land*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of the Lowlands, especially of the Lowlands of Scotland, as distinguished from <i>Highlander</i>.</def>

<h1>Lowlihood, Lowlihead</h1>
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<hw><hw>Low"li*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Low"li*head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lowly state.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Lowlily</h1>
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<hw>Low"li*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lowly place or manner; humbly.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thinking <b>lowlily</b> of himself and highly of those better than himself.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lowliness</h1>
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<hw>Low"li*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lowly</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being lowly; humility; humbleness of mind.</def>

<blockquote>Walk . . . with all <b>lowliness</b> and meekness.
<i>Eph. iv. 1, 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Low condition, especially as to manner of life.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>lowliness</b> of my fortune has not brought me to flatter vice.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Low-lived</h1>
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<hw>Low"-lived`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characteristic of, or like, one bred in a low and vulgar condition of life; mean dishonorable; contemptible; <as>as, <ex>low-lived</ex> dishonesty</as>.</def>

<h1>Lowly</h1>
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<hw>Low"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Lowlier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Lowliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Low</ets>, <tt>a.</tt> + <ets>-ly</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not high; not elevated in place; low.</def> "<i>Lowly</i> lands."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Low in rank or social importance.</def>

<blockquote>One common right the great and <b>lowly</b> claims.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not lofty or sublime; humble.</def>

<blockquote>These rural poems, and their <b>lowly</b> strain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Having a low esteem of one's own worth; humble; meek; free from pride.</def>

<blockquote>Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me, for I am meek and <b>lowly</b> in heart.
<i>Matt. xi. 29.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lowly</h1>
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<hw>Low"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a low manner; humbly; meekly; modestly.</def> "Be <i>lowly</i> wise."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a low condition; meanly.</def>

<blockquote>I will show myself highly fed, and <b>lowly</b> taught.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Low-minded</h1>
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<hw>Low"-mind`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclined in mind to low or unworthy things; showing a base mind.</def>

<blockquote><b>Low-minded</b> and immoral.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All old religious jealousies were condemned as <b>low-minded</b> infirmities.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Low-mindedness</h1>
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<hw>Low"-mind`ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being lowminded; meanness; baseness.</def>

<h1>Lown</h1>
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<hw>Lown</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Loon</er>.]</ety> <def>A low fellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Low-necked</h1>
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<hw>Low"-necked`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cut low in the neck; decollete; -- said of a woman's dress.</def>

<h1>Lowness</h1>
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<hw>Low"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being low.</def>

<h1>Low-pressure</h1>
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<hw>Low"-pres`sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having, employing, or exerting, a low degree of pressure.</def>

<cs><col>Low-pressure steam engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine in which low steam is used; often applied to a condensing engine even when steam at high pressure is used. See <er>Steam engine</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lowry</h1>
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<hw>Low"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An open box car used on railroads. Compare <er>Lorry</er>.</def>

<h1>Low-spirited</h1>
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<hw>Low"-spir`it*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deficient in animation and courage; dejected; depressed; not sprightly.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Low"-spir`it*ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Low-studded</h1>
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<hw>Low"-stud`ded</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished or built with short studs; <as>as, a <ex>low-studded</ex> house or room</as>.</def>

<h1>Low-thoughted</h1>
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<hw>Low"-thought`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having one's thoughts directed toward mean or insignificant subjects.</def>

<h1>Loxodromic</h1>
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<hw>Lox`o*drom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ slanting, oblique + <?/ a running, course; cf. F. <ets>loxodromique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to sailing on rhumb lines; <as>as, <ex>loxodromic</ex> tables</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Loxodromic curve</col> &or; <col>line</col></mcol> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a line on the surface of a sphere, which always makes an equal angle with every meridian; the rhumb line. It is the line on which a ship sails when her course is always in the direction of one and the same point of the compass.</cd></cs>

<h1>Loxodromics</h1>
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<hw>Lox`o*drom"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or method of sailing on the loxodromic or rhumb line.</def>

<h1>Loxodremism</h1>
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<hw>Lox*od"re*mism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of tracing a loxodromic curve; the act of moving as if in a loxodromic curve.</def>

<h1>Loxodromy</h1>
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<hw>Lox*od"ro*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>loxodromic</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of loxodromics.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Loy</h1>
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<hw>Loy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A long, narrow spade for stony lands.</def>

<h1>Loyal</h1>
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<hw>Loy"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>loyal</ets>, OF. <ets>loial</ets>, <ets>leial</ets>, L. <ets>legalis</ets>, fr. <ets>lex</ets>, <ets>legis</ets>, law. See <er>Legal</er>, and cf. <er>Leal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Faithful to law; upholding the lawful authority; faithful and true to the lawful government; faithful to the prince or sovereign to whom one is subject; unswerving in allegiance.</def>

<blockquote>Welcome, sir John ! But why come you in arms ? -
 To help King Edward in his time of storm,
As every <b>loyal</b> subject ought to do.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>True to any person or persons to whom one owes fidelity, especially as a wife to her husband, lovers to each other, and friend to friend; constant; faithful to a cause or a principle.</def>

<blockquote>Your true and <b>loyal</b> wife.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Unhappy both, but <b>loyal</b>their loves.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Loyalist</h1>
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<hw>Loy"al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who adheres to his sovereign or to the lawful authority; especially, one who maintains his allegiance to his prince or government, and defends his cause in times of revolt or revolution.</def>

<h1>Loyally</h1>
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<hw>Loy"al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a loyal manner; faithfully.</def>

<h1>Loyalness</h1>
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<hw>Loy"al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Loyalty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Stow.</i>

<h1>Loyally</h1>
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<hw>Loy"al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>loyaute</ets>. See <er>Loyal</er>, and cf. <er>Legality</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being loyal; fidelity to a superior, or to duty, love, etc.</def>

<blockquote>He had such <b>loyalty</b> to the king as the law required.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Not withstanding all the subtle bait
With which those Amazons his love still craved,
To his one love his <b>loyalty</b> he saved.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; "<i>Loyalty</i>  . . . expresses, properly, that fidelity which one owes according to law, and does not necessarily include that attachment to the royal person, which, happily, we in England have been able further to throw into the word."</note>

<i>Trench.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Allegiance; fealty. See <er>Allegiance</er>.</syn>

<h1>Lozenge</h1>
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<hw>Loz"enge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lozange</ets>, <ets>losange</ets>; perh. the same as OF. <ets>losenge</ets>f flattery, praise, the heraldic sense being the oldest (cf. E. <ets>hatchment</ets>, <ets>blazon</ets>). Cf. <er>Losenger</er>, <er>Laudable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A diamond-shaped figure usually with the upper and lower angles slightly acute, borne upon a shield or escutcheon. Cf. <er>Fusil</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A form of the escutcheon used by women instead of the shield which is used by men.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A figure with four equal sides, having two acute and two obtuse angles; a rhomb.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything in the form of lozenge.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A small cake of sugar and starch, flavored, and often medicated. -- originally in the form of a lozenge.</def>

<cs><col>Lozenge coach</col>, <cd>the coach of a dowager, having her coat of arms painted on a lozenge. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Walpole<i>.</cd> -- <col>Lozenge-molding</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of molding, used in Norman architecture, characterized by lozenge-shaped ornaments.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="873">
Page 873<p>

<h1>Lozenged, Lozenge-shaped</h1>
<Xpage=873>

<hw><hw>Loz"enged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Loz"enge-shaped`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the form of a lozenge or rhomb.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>lozenged</b> panes of a very small latticed window.
<i>C. Bront\'82.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lozengy</h1>
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<hw>Loz"en*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>losang\'82</ets>. See <er>Lozenge</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Divided into lozenge-shaped compartments, as the field or a bearing, by lines drawn in the direction of the bend sinister.</def>

<h1>Lu</h1>
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<hw>Lu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Loo</er>.</def>

<h1>Lubbard</h1>
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<hw>Lub"bard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lubber</er>.]</ety> <def>A lubber.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Lubbard</h1>
<Xpage=873>

<hw>Lub"bard</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lubberly.</def>

<h1>Lubber</h1>
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<hw>Lub"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. dial. Sw. <ets>lubber</ets>. See <er>Looby</er>, <er>Lob</er>.]</ety> <def>A heavy, clumsy, or awkward fellow; a sturdy drone; a clown.</def>

<blockquote>Lingering <b>lubbers</b> lose many a penny.
<i>Tusser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Land lubber</col>, <cd>a name given in contempt by sailors to a person who lives on land.</cd> -- <col>Lubber grasshopper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, stout, clumsy grasshopper; esp., <spn>Brachystola magna</spn>, from the Rocky Mountain plains, and <spn>Romalea microptera</spn>, which is injurious to orange trees in Florida.</cd> -- <col>Lubber's hole</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a hole in the floor of the "top," next the mast, through which sailors may go aloft without going over the rim by the futtock shrouds. It is considered by seamen as only fit to be used by lubbers. <i>Totten</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Lubber's line</col>, <col>point</col>, &or; <col>mark</col></mcol>, <cd>a line or point in the compass case indicating the head of the ship, and consequently the course which the ship is steering.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lubberly</h1>
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<hw>Lub"ber*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a lubber; clumsy.</def>

<blockquote>A great <b>lubberly</b> boy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lubberly</h1>
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<hw>Lub"ber*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Clumsily; awkwardly.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Lubric, Lubrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lu"bric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lu"bric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lubricus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lubrique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a smooth surface; slippery.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lascivious; wanton; lewd.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>This <b>lubric</b> and adulterate age.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lubricant</h1>
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<hw>Lu"bri*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lubricans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>lubricare</ets>, See <er>Lubricate</er>.]</ety> <def>Lubricating.</def>

<h1>Lubricant</h1>
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<hw>Lu"bri*cant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which lubricates; specifically, a substance, as oil, grease, plumbago, etc., used for reducing the friction of the working parts of machinery.</def>

<h1>Lubricate</h1>
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<hw>Lu"bri*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lubricatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>lubricare</ets> to lubricate. See <er>Lubric</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make smooth or slippery; <as>as, mucilaginous and saponaceous remedies <ex>lubricate</ex> the parts to which they are applied</as>.</def>

<i>S. Sharp.</i>

<blockquote>Supples, <b>lubricates</b>, and keeps in play,
The various movements of this nice machine.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To apply a lubricant to, as oil or tallow.</def>

<h1>Lubrication</h1>
<Xpage=873>

<hw>Lu`bri*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of lubricating; the act of making slippery.</def>

<h1>Lubricator</h1>
<Xpage=873>

<hw>Lu"bri*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, lubricates.</def> " <i>Lubricator</i> of the fibers."

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A contrivance, as an oil cup, for supplying a lubricant to machinery.</def>

<h1>Lubricitate</h1>
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<hw>Lu*bric"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Lubricate</er>.</def>

<h1>Lubricity</h1>
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<hw>Lu*bric"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lubricitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lubricit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Smoothness; freedom from friction; also, property, which diminishes friction; <as>as, the <ex>lubricity</ex> of oil</as>.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Slipperiness; instability; <as>as, the <ex>lubricity</ex> of fortune</as>.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lasciviousness; propensity to lewdness; lewdness; lechery; incontinency.</def>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<blockquote>As if wantonness and <b>lubricity</b> were essential to that poem.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lubricous</h1>
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<hw>Lu"bri*cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lubricus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lubric.</def>

<h1>Lubrification, Lubrifaction</h1>
<Xpage=873>

<hw><hw>Lu`bri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lu`bri*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lubricus</ets> lubric + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>The act of lubricating, or making smooth.</def>

<i>Ray. Bacon.</i>

<h1>Lucarne</h1>
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<hw>Lu`carne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>lucerna</ets> a lamp. See <er>Luthern</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A dormer window.</def>

<h1>Lucchese</h1>
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<hw>Luc*chese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>Lucchese</ets>.]</ety> <def>A native or inhabitant of Lucca, in Tuscany; in the plural, the people of Lucca.</def>

<h1>Luce</h1>
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<hw>Luce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>lus</ets>, L. <ets>lucius</ets> a kind of fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A pike when full grown.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Lucency</h1>
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<hw>Lu"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being lucent.</def>

<h1>Lucent</h1>
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<hw>Lu"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lucens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>lucere</ets> to shine, fr. <ets>lux</ets>, <ets>lucis</ets>, light.]</ety> <def>Shining; bright; resplendent.</def> " The sun's <i>lucent</i> orb."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Lucern</h1>
<Xpage=873>

<hw>Lu"cern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymology uncertain.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A sort of hunting dog; -- perhaps from <i>Lucerne</i>, in Switzerland.</def>

<blockquote>My <b>lucerns</b>, too, or dogs inured to hunt
Beasts of most rapine.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An animal whose fur was formerly much in req<?/est (by some supposed to be the lynx).</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lusern</asp> and <asp>luzern</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>The polecat, mastern, and the richskinned <b>lucern</b>
I know to chase.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lucern</h1>
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<hw>Lu"cern</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>luzerne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leguminous plant (<spn>Medicago sativa</spn>), having bluish purple cloverlike flowers, cultivated for fodder; -- called also <altname>alfalfa</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lucerne</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Lucern</h1>
<Xpage=873>

<hw>Lu"cern</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lucerna</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lamp.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Lydgate.</i>

<h1>Lucernal</h1>
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<hw>Lu*cer"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lucerna</ets> a lamp.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a lamp.</def>

<cs><col>Lucernal microscope</col>, <cd>a form of the microscope in which the object is illuminated by means of a lamp, and its image is thrown upon a plate of ground glass connected with the instrument, or on a screen independent of it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lucernaria</h1>
<Xpage=873>

<hw>Lu`cer*na"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>lucerna</ets> a lamp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of acalephs, having a bell-shaped body with eight groups of short tentacles around the margin. It attaches itself by a sucker at the base of the pedicel.</def>

<h1>Lucernarian</h1>
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<hw>Lu`cer*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Lucernarida.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Lucernarida.</def></def2>

<h1>lucernarida</h1>
<Xpage=873>

<hw>lu`cer*nar"i*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Lucernaria</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A division of acalephs, including <spn>Lucernaria</spn> and allied genera; -- called also <altname>Calycozoa</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A more extensive group of acalephs, including both the true lucernarida and the Discophora.</def>

<h1>Lucerne</h1>
<Xpage=873>

<hw>Lu"cerne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lucern</er>, the plant.</def>

<h1>Lucid</h1>
<Xpage=873>

<hw>Lu"cid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lucidus</ets>, fr. <ets>lux</ets>, <ets>lucis</ets>, light. See <er>Light</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Shining; bright; resplendent; <as>as, the <ex>lucid</ex> orbs of heaven</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Lucid</b>, like a glowworm.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A court compact of <b>lucid</b> marbles.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Clear; transparent.</def> " <i>Lucid</i> streams."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Presenting a clear view; easily understood; clear.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>lucid</b> and interesting abstract of the debate.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Bright with the radiance of intellect; not darkened or confused by delirium or madness; marked by the regular operations of reason; <as>as, a <ex>lucid</ex> interval</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Luminous; bright; clear; transparent; sane; reasonable. See <er>Luminous</er>.</syn>

<h1>Lucidity</h1>
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<hw>Lu*cid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lucidit\'82</ets>. See <er>Lucid</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being lucid.</def>

<h1>Lucidly</h1>
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<hw>Lu"cid*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lucid manner.</def>

<h1>Lucidness</h1>
<Xpage=873>

<hw>Lu"cid*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being lucid; lucidity.</def>

<h1>Lucifer</h1>
<Xpage=873>

<hw>Lu"ci*fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., bringing light, <tt>n.</tt>, the morning star, fr. <ets>lux</ets>, <ets>lucis</ets>, light + <ets>ferre</ets> to bring.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The planet Venus, when appearing as the morning star; -- applied in Isaiah by a metaphor to a king of Babylon.</def>

<blockquote>How art thou fallen from heaven, O <b>Lucifer</b>, son of the morning ! how art thou cut down to the ground which didst weaken the nations !
<i>Is. xiv. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Tertullian and Gregory the Great understood this passage of Isaiah in reference to the fall of Satan; in consequence of which the name <b>Lucifer</b> has since been applied to, Satan.
<i>Kitto.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, Satan.</def>

<blockquote>How wretched
Is that poor man that hangs on princes' favors! . . .
When he falls, he falls like <b>Lucifer</b>,
Never to hope again.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A match made of a sliver of wood tipped with a combustible substance, and ignited by friction; -- called also <altname>lucifer match</altname>, and <altname>locofoco</altname>. See <er>Locofoco</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of free-swimming macruran Crustacea, having a slender body and long appendages.</def>

<h1>Luciferian</h1>
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<hw>Lu`ci*fe"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Lucifer; having the pride of Lucifer; satanic; devilish.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the Luciferians or their leader.</def>

<h1>Luciferian</h1>
<Xpage=873>

<hw>Lu`ci*fe"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the followers of Lucifer, bishop of Cagliari, in the fourth century, who separated from the orthodox churches because they would not go as far as he did in opposing the Arians.</def>

<h1>Luciferous</h1>
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<hw>Lu*cif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lucifer</er>.]</ety> <def>Giving light; affording light or means of discovery.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Luciferously</h1>
<Xpage=873>

<hw>Lu*cif"er*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a luciferous manner.</def>

<h1>Lucific</h1>
<Xpage=873>

<hw>Lu*cif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lucificus</ets>; <ets>lux</ets>, <ets>lucis</ets>, light + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Producing light.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Luciform</h1>
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<hw>Lu"ci*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lux</ets>, <ets>lucis</ets>, light = <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having, in some respects, the nature of light; resembling light.</def>

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<h1>Lucifrian</h1>
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<hw>Lu*cif"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Luciferian; satanic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Lucimeter</h1>
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<hw>Lu*cim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lux</ets>, <ets>lucis</ets>, light + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>an instrument for measuring the intensity of light; a photometer.</def>

<h1>Luck</h1>
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<hw>Luck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>luk</ets>, <ets>geluk</ets>, G. <ets>gl\'81ck</ets>, Icel. <ets>lukka</ets>, Sw. <ets>lycka</ets>, Dan. <ets>lykke</ets>, and perh. to G. <ets>locken</ets> to entice. Cf. 3d <er>Gleck</er>.]</ety> <def>That which happens to a person; an event, good or ill, affecting one's interests or happiness, and which is deemed casual; a course or series of such events regarded as occurring by chance; chance; hap; fate; fortune; often, one's habitual or characteristic fortune; <as>as, good, bad, ill, or hard <ex>luck</ex></as>. <i>Luck</i> is often used for <i>good luck</i>; <as>as, <ex>luck</ex> is better than skill</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If thou dost play with him at any game,
Thou art sure to lose; and of that natural <b>luck</b>,
He beats thee 'gainst the odds.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Luck penny</col>, <cd>a small sum given back for luck to one who pays money.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>To be is luck</col></mcol>, <cd>to receive some good, or to meet with some success, in an unexpected manner, or as the result of circumstances beyond one's control; to be fortunate.</cd></cs>

<h1>Luckily</h1>
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<hw>Luck"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lucky</er>.]</ety> <def>In a lucky manner; by good fortune; fortunately; -- used in a good sense; <as>as, they <ex>luckily</ex> escaped injury</as>.</def>

<h1>Luckiness</h1>
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<hw>Luck"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being lucky; <as>as, the <ex>luckiness</ex> of a man or of an event</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Good fortune; favorable issue or event.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Luckless</h1>
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<hw>Luck"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being without luck; unpropitious; unfortunate; unlucky; meeting with ill success or bad fortune; <as>as, a <ex>luckless</ex> gamester; a <ex>luckless</ex> maid.</as></def>

<blockquote>Prayers made and granted in a <b>luckless</b> hour.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Luck"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Lock"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lucky</h1>
<Xpage=873>

<hw>Luck"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Luckier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Luckiest</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Favored by luck; fortunate; meeting with good success or good fortune; -- said of persons; <as>as, a <ex>lucky</ex> adventurer</as>.</def> " <i>Lucky</i> wight."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Producing, or resulting in, good by chance, or unexpectedly; favorable; auspicious; fortunate; <as>as, a <ex>lucky</ex> mistake; a <ex>lucky</ex> cast; a <ex>lucky</ex> hour.</as></def>

<blockquote>We doubt not of a fair and <b>lucky</b> war.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Successful; fortunate; prosperous; auspicious.</syn>

<h1>Lucky proach</h1>
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<hw>Luck`y proach"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Fatherlasher</er>.</def>

<h1>Lucrative</h1>
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<hw>Lu"cra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lucrativus</ets>, fr. <ets>lucrari</ets> to gain, fr. <ets>lucrum</ets> gain: cf. F. <ets>lucratif</ets>. See <er>Lucre</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Yielding lucre; gainful; profitable; making increase of money or goods; <as>as, a <ex>lucrative</ex> business or office</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The trade of merchandise being the most <b>lucrative</b>, may bear usury at a good rate.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Greedy of gain</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Such diligence as the most part of our <b>lucrative</b> lawyers do use, in deferring and prolonging of matters and actions from term to term.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lucratively</h1>
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<hw>Lu"cra*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lucrative manner.</def>

<h1>Lucre</h1>
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<hw>Lu"cre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lucre</ets>, L. <ets>lucrum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gain in money or goods; profit; riches; -- often in an ill sense.</def>

<blockquote>The lust of <b>lucre</b> and the dread of death.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lucriferous</h1>
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<hw>Lu*crif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lucrum</ets> gain +<ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gainful; profitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Lucrific</h1>
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<hw>Lu*crif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lucrificus</ets>; <ets>lucrum</ets> gain + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Producing profit; gainful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Luctation</h1>
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<hw>Luc*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>luctatio</ets>, fr. <ets>luctari</ets> to wrestle, strive.]</ety> <def>Effort to overcome in contest; struggle; endeavor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Farindon.</i>

<h1>Luctual</h1>
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<hw>Luc"tu*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>luctus</ets> mourning, sorrow, fr. <ets>lugere</ets>, fr. <ets>luctum</ets>, to mourn.]</ety> <def>Producing grief; saddening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir G. Buck.</i>

<h1>Lucubrate</h1>
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<hw>Lu"cu*brate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lucubrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lucubrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>lucubratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>lucubrare</ets> to work by lamplight, fr. <ets>lux</ets> light. See <er>Light</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To study by candlelight or a lamp; to study by night.</def>

<h1>Lucubrate</h1>
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<hw>Lu"cu*brate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To elaborate, perfect, or compose, by night study or by laborious endeavor.</def>

<h1>Lucubration</h1>
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<hw>Lu`cu*bra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[l. <ets>lucubratio</ets>;cf. F. <ets>lucubration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of lucubrating, or studying by candlelight; nocturnal study; meditation.</def>

<blockquote>After long <b>lucubration</b> I have hit upon such an expedient.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is composed by night; that which is produced by meditation in retirement; hence (loosely) any literary composition.</def>

<blockquote>Thy <b>lucubrations</b> have been perused by several of our friends.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lucubrator</h1>
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<hw>Lu"cu*bra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who studies by night; also, one who produces lucubrations.</def>

<h1>Lucubratory</h1>
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<hw>Lu"cu*bra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lucubratorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Composed by candlelight, or by night; of or pertaining to night studies; laborious or painstaking.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Lucule</h1>
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<hw>Lu"cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. fr. L. <ets>lux</ets>, <ets>lucis</ets>, light.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A spot or fleck on the sun brighter than the surrounding surface.</def>

<h1>Luculent</h1>
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<hw>Lu"cu*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>luculentus</ets>, from <ets>lux</ets>, <ets>lucis</ets>, light.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lucid; clear; transparent.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Clear; evident; luminous.</def> " Most <i>luculent</i> testimonies."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Bright; shining in beauty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Most debonair and <b>luculent</b> lady.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Luculently</h1>
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<hw>Lu"cu*lent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a luculent manner; clearly.</def>

<h1>Lucullite</h1>
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<hw>Lu*cul"lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Lucullus</ets>, a Roman consul, famous for his great wealth and luxury: cf. F. <ets>lucullite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of black limestone, often polished for ornamental purposes.</def>

<h1>Lucuma</h1>
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<hw>Lu*cu"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American genus of sapotaceous trees bearing sweet and edible fruits.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Lucuma mammosum</i> is called <i>natural marmalade</i> in the West Indies; L. <i>Caimito</i>, of Peru, furnishes a delicious fruit called <i>lucuma</i> and <i>caimito</i>.</note>

<h1>Luddite</h1>
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<hw>Lud"dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a number of riotous persons in England, who for six years (1811-17) tried to prevent the use of labor-saving machinery by breaking it, burning factories, etc.; -- so called from Ned <i>Lud</i>, a half-witted man who some years previously had broken stocking frames.</def>

<i>J. &  H. Smith. H. Martineau.</i>

<h1>Ludibrious</h1>
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<hw>Lu*dib"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ludibrium</ets> mockery, derision, from <ets>ludere</ets> to play, sport.]</ety> <def>Sportive; ridiculous; wanton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tooker.</i>

<h1>Ludibund</h1>
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<hw>Lu"di*bund</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ludibundus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sportive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Lu"di*bund*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Ludicrous</h1>
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<hw>Lu"di*crous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ludicrus</ets>, or <ets>ludicer</ets>, from <ets>ludus</ets> play, sport, fr. <ets>ludere</ets> to play.]</ety> <def>Adapted to excite laughter, without scorn or contempt; sportive.</def>

<i>Broome.</i>

<blockquote>A chapter upon German rhetoric would be in the same <b>ludicrous</b> predicament as Van Troil's chapter on the snakes of Iceland, which delivers its business in one summary sentence, announcing, that snakes in Iceland -- there are none.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Laughable; sportive; burlesque; comic; droll; ridiculous.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Ludicrous</er>, <er>Laughable</er>, <er>Ridiculous</er>. We speak of a thing as <i>ludicrous</i> when it tends to produce laughter; as <i>laughable</i> when the impression is somewhat stronger; as <i>ridiculous</i> when more or less contempt is mingled with the merriment created.</usage>

-- <wordforms><wf>Lu"di*crous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Lu"di*crous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ludification</h1>
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<hw>Lu`di*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ludificatio</ets>, fr. <ets>ludificare</ets> to make sport of; <ets>ludus</ets> sport + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of deriding.</def>

<h1>Ludificatory</h1>
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<hw>Lu*dif"i*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ludificatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Making sport; tending to excite derision.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ludlamite</h1>
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<hw>Lud"lam*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after Mr. <ets>Ludlam</ets>, of London.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occurring in small, green, transparent, monoclinic crystals. It is a hydrous phosphate of iron.</def>

<h1>Ludlow group</h1>
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<hw>Lud"low group`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A subdivision of the British Upper Silurian lying below the Old Red Sandstone; -- so named from the <i>Ludlow</i>, in Western England. See the <i>Chart</i> of <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Ludwigite</h1>
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<hw>Lud"wig*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after the chemist <ets>Ludwig</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A borate of iron and magnesia, occurring in fibrous masses of a blackish green color.</def>

<h1>Lues</h1>
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<hw>Lu"es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Disease, especially of a contagious kind.</def>

<cs><col>Lues venerea</col>, <cd>syphilis; -- called also simply <altname>lues</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Luff</h1>
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<hw>Luff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lof</ets>, prob. a sort of timber by which the course of a ship was directed, perh. a sort of paddle; cf. D. <ets>loef</ets> luff, <ets>loeven</ets> to luff. The word is perh. akin to E. <ets>glove</ets>. Cf. <er>Aloof</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The side of a ship toward the wind</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The act of sailing a ship close to the wind</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The roundest part of a ship's bow</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The forward or weather leech of a sail, especially of the jib, spanker, and other fore-and-aft sails.</def>

<cs><col>Luff tackle</col>, <cd>a purchase composed of a double and single block and fall, used for various purposes. <i>Totten<i>.</cd> -- <col>Luff upon luff</col>, <cd>a luff tackle attached to the fall of another luff tackle.</cd> <i>R. H. Dana, Jr. </i></cs>

<hr>
<page="874">
Page 874<p>

<h1>Luff</h1>
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<hw>Luff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Luffed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Luffing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To turn the head of a vessel toward the wind; to sail nearer the wind; to turn the tiller so as to make the vessel sail nearer the wind.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To luff round</col>, &or; <col>To luff alee</col></mcol>, <cd>to make the extreme of this movement, for the purpose of throwing the ship's head into the wind.</cd></cs>

<h1>Luffer</h1>
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<hw>Luf"fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>  (<fld>Arch.</fld>) <def>See <er>Louver</er>.</def>

<h1>Lug</h1>
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<hw>Lug</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sw. <ets>lugg</ets> the forelock.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The ear, or its lobe.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which projects like an ear, esp. that by which anything is supported, carried, or grasped, or to which a support is fastened; an ear; <as>as, the <ex>lugs</ex> of a kettle; the <ex>lugs</ex> of a founder's flask; the <ex>lug</ex> (handle) of a jug.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A projecting piece to which anything, as a rod, is attached, or against which anything, as a wedge or key, bears, or through which a bolt passes, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Harness)</fld> <def>The leather loop or ear by which a shaft is held up.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lugworm.</def>

<cs><col>Lug bolt</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a bolt terminating in a long, flat extension which takes the place of a head; a strap bolt.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lug</h1>
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<hw>Lug</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lugged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lugging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>luggen</ets>, Sw. <ets>lugga</ets> to pull by the hair, fr. <ets>lugg</ets> the forelock.]</ety> <def>To pull with force; to haul; to drag along; to carry with difficulty, as something heavy or cumbersome.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>They must divide the image among them, and so <b>lug</b> off every one his share.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lug</h1>
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<hw>Lug</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To move slowly and heavily.</def>

<h1>Lug</h1>
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<hw>Lug</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of lugging; <as>as, a hard <ex>lug</ex></as>; that which is lugged; <as>as, the pack is a heavy <ex>lug</ex></as>.</def><mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything which moves slowly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<h1>Lug</h1>
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<hw>Lug</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rod or pole.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A measure of length, being 16<frac12/ feet; a rod, pole, or perch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " Eight <i>lugs</i> of ground."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Chimney lug</col>, &or; <col>Lug pole</col></mcol>, <cd>a pole on which a kettle is hung over the fire, either in a chimney or in the open air. <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Whittier.</i>

<h1>Luggage</h1>
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<hw>Lug"gage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From 4th <er>Lug</er>.]</ety> <def>That which is lugged; anything cumbrous and heavy to be carried; especially, a traveler's trunks, baggage, etc., or their contents.</def>

<blockquote>I am gathering up my <b>luggage</b>, and preparing for my journey.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What do you mean,
To dote thus on such <b>luggage</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Plunder; baggage.</syn>

<cs><col>Luggage van</col>, <cd>a vehicle for carrying luggage; a railway car, or compartment of a car, for carrying luggage. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Lugger</h1>
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<hw>Lug"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small vessel having two or three masts, and a running bowsprit, and carrying lugsails. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Lugger</h1>
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<hw>Lug"ger</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Indian falcon (<spn>Falco jugger</spn>), similar to the European lanner and the American prairie falcon.</def>

<h1>Lugmark</h1>
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<hw>Lug"mark`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lug</er> an ear.]</ety> <def>A mark cut into the ear of an animal to identify it; an earmark.</def>

<h1>Lugsail</h1>
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<hw>Lug"sail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A square sail bent upon a yard that hangs obliquely to the mast and is raised or lowered with the sail.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Lugubrious</h1>
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<hw>Lu*gu"bri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lugubris</ets>, fr. <ets>lugere</ets> to mourn; cf. Gr. <?/ sad, Skr. <ets>ruj</ets> to break.]</ety> <def>Mournful; indicating sorrow, often ridiculously or feignedly; doleful; woful; pitiable; <as>as, a whining tone and a <ex>lugubrious</ex> look</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Crossbones, scythes, hourglasses, and other <b>lugubrious</b> emblems of mortality.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Lu*gu"bri*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Lu*gu"bri*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lugworm</h1>
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<hw>Lug"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>1st lug</ets> + <ets>worm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large marine annelid (<spn>Arenicola marina</spn>) having a row of tufted gills along each side of the back. It is found burrowing in sandy beaches, both in America and Europe, and is used for bait by European fishermen. Called also <altname>lobworm</altname>, and <altname>baitworm</altname>.</def>

<h1>Luke</h1>
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<hw>Luke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>lew</ets>, perh. influenced by AS. <ets>wl\'91c</ets> warm, lukewarm, remiss. Cf. Lew.]</ety> <def>Moderately warm; not hot; tepid.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Luke"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms><-- = lukewarm.  Why not synonymous? -->

<blockquote>Nine penn'orth o'brandy and water <b>luke</b>.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lukewarm</h1>
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<hw>Luke"warm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Luke</er>.]</ety> <def>Moderately warm; neither cold nor hot; tepid; not ardent; not zealous; cool; indifferent.</def> " <i>Lukewarm</i> blood." <i>Spenser</i>. " <i>Lukewarm</i> patriots."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>An obedience so <b>lukewarm</b> and languishing that it merits not the name of passion.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Luce"warm`ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Luce"warm`ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lull</h1>
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<hw>Lull</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lulled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lulling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to OD. <ets>lullen</ets> to sing to sleep, G. <ets>lullen</ets>, Dan. <ets>lulle</ets>, Sw. <ets>lulla</ets>; all of imitative origin. Cf. <er>Loll</er>, <er>Lollard</er>.]</ety> <def>To cause to rest by soothing influences; to compose; to calm; to soothe; to quiet.</def> " To <i>lull</i> him soft asleep."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Such sweet compulsion doth in music lie,
To <b>lull</b> the daughters of necessity.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lull</h1>
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<hw>Lull</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become gradually calm; to subside; to cease or abate for a time; <as>as, the storm <ex>lulls</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Lull</h1>
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<hw>Lull</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The power or quality of soothing; that which soothes; a lullaby.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Young.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A temporary cessation of storm or confusion.</def>

<h1>lullaby</h1>
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<hw>lull"a*by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lull</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A song to quiet babes or lull them to sleep; that which quiets.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Good night; good-by.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Luller</h1>
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<hw>Lull"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, lulls.</def>

<h1>Lullingly</h1>
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<hw>Lull"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lulling manner; soothingly.</def>

<h1>Lum</h1>
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<hw>Lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>llumon</ets> chimney, <ets>llum</ets> that shoots up or ends in a point.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chimney.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A ventilating chimney over the shaft of a mine.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A woody valley; also, a deep pool.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Lumachel, Lumachella</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lu"ma*chel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lu`ma*chel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lumachelle</ets>, It. <ets>lumachella</ets>, fr. <ets>lamachella</ets> a little snail, dim. of <ets>lumaca</ets> a snail, fr. L. <ets>limax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A grayish brown limestone, containing fossil shells, which reflect a beautiful play of colors. It is also called <altname>fire marble</altname>, from its fiery reflections.</def>

<h1>Lumbaginous</h1>
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<hw>Lum*bag"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to lumbago.</def>

<h1>Lumbago</h1>
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<hw>Lum*ba"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>lumbus</ets> loin. See <er>Lumbar</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A rheumatic pain in the loins and the small of the back.</def>

<h1>Lumbar, Lumbal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lum"bar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lum"bal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lumbus</ets> loin. See <er>Loin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or near, the loins; <as>as, the <ex>lumbar</ex> arteries</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Lumbar region</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the region of the loin; specifically, a region between the hypochondriac and ilias regions, and outside of the umbilical region.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lumber</h1>
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<hw>Lum"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>Lombard</ets>, the Lombards being the money lenders and pawnbrokers of the Middle Ages. A <ets>lumber</ets> room was, according to Trench, originally a <ets>Lombard</ets> room, or room where the Lombard pawnbroker stored his pledges. See <er>Lombard</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pawnbroker's shop, or room for storing articles put in pawn; hence, a pledge, or pawn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They put all the little plate they had in the <b>lumber</b>, which is pawning it, till the ships came.
<i>Lady Murray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Old or refuse household stuff; things cumbrous, or bulky and useless, or of small value.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Timber sawed or split into the form of beams, joists, boards, planks, staves, hoops, etc.; esp., that which is smaller than heavy timber.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Lumber kiln</col>, <cd>a room in which timber or lumber is dried by artificial heat.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Lumber room</col>, <cd>a room in which unused furniture or other lumber is kept.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Lumber wagon</col>, <cd>a heavy rough wagon, without springs, used for general farmwork, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lumber</h1>
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<hw>Lum"ber</hw>, <tt>b. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lumbered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lumbering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To heap together in disorder.</def> " Stuff <i>lumbered</i> together."

<i>Rymer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fill or encumber with lumber; <as>as, to <ex>lumber</ex> up a room</as>.</def>

<h1>Lumber</h1>
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<hw>Lum"ber</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move heavily, as if burdened.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. dial. Sw. <ets>lomra</ets> to resound.]</ety> <def>To make a sound as if moving heavily or clumsily; to rumble.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cut logs in the forest, or prepare timber for market.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Lumberer</h1>
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<hw>Lum"ber*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One employed in lumbering, cutting, and getting logs from the forest for lumber; a lumberman.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Lumberers</b> have a notion that he (the woodpecker) is harmful to timber.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lumbering</h1>
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<hw>Lum"ber*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The business of cutting or getting timber or logs from the forest for lumber.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Lumberman</h1>
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<hw>Lum"ber*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lumbermen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who is engaged in lumbering as a business or employment.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Lumbosacral</h1>
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<hw>Lum`bo*sa"cral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lumbus</ets> loin + E. <ets>sacral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the loins and sacrum; <as>as, the <ex>lumbosacral</ex> nerve, a branch of one of the lumber nerves which passes over the sacrum</as>.</def>

<h1>Lumbric</h1>
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<hw>Lum"bric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lumbricus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An earthworm, or a worm resembling an earthworm.</def>

<h1>Lumbrical</h1>
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<hw>Lum"bric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lombrical</ets>. See <er>Lumbric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Resembling a worm; <as>as, the <ex>lumbrical</ex> muscles of the hands of the hands and feet</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A lumbrical muscle.</def></def2>

<h1>Lumbriciform</h1>
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<hw>Lum*bric"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lumbricus</ets> worm + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling an earthworm; vermiform.</def>

<h1>Lumbricoid</h1>
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<hw>Lum"bri*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lumbricus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like an earthworm; belonging to the genus Lumbricus, or family <i>Lumbricid\'91</i>.</def>

<h1>Lumbricus</h1>
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<hw>Lum"bri*cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Lumbric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of annelids, belonging to the Oligoch\'91ta, and including the common earthworms. See <er>Earthworm</er>.</def>

<h1>Luminant</h1>
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<hw>Lu"mi*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Luminous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Luminary</h1>
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<hw>Lu"mi*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl</plu>. <plw>Luminaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <ety>[F. <ets>luminaire</ets>, L. <ets>luminare</ets> a light or lamp, which was lighted in the churches, a luminary, fr. <ets>lumen</ets>, <ets>luminis</ets>, light, fr. <ets>lucere</ets> to be light, to shine, <ets>lux</ets>, <ets>lucis</ets>, light. See <er>Light</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any body that gives light, especially one of the heavenly bodies.</def> " Radiant <i>luminary</i>."

<i>Skelton.</i>

<blockquote>Where the great <b>luminary</b> . . .
Dispenses light from far.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who illustrates any subject, or enlightens mankind; <as>as, Newton was a distinguished <ex>luminary</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Luminate</h1>
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<hw>Lu"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>luminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>luminare</ets> to illumine, fr. <ets>lumen</ets> light. See <er>Limn</er>.]</ety> <def>To illuminate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lumination</h1>
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<hw>Lu`mi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Illumination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lumine</h1>
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<hw>Lu"mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To illumine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Luminiferous</h1>
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<hw>Lu`mi*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lumen</ets> light + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing light; yielding light; transmitting light; <as>as, the <ex>luminiferous</ex> ether</as>.</def>

<h1>Luminosity</h1>
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<hw>Lu`mi*nos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being luminous; luminousness.</def>

<h1>Luminous</h1>
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<hw>Lu"mi*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>luminosus</ets>, fr. <ets>lumen</ets> light: cf. F. <ets>lumineux</ets>. See <er>Luminary</er>, <er>Illuminate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Shining; emitting or reflecting light; brilliant; bright; <as>as, the is a <ex>luminous</ex> body; a <ex>luminous</ex> color.</as></def>

<blockquote>Fire burneth wood, making it . . . <b>luminous</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The mountains lift . . . their lofty and <b>luminous</b> heads.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Illuminated; full of light; bright; <as>as, many candles made the room <ex>luminous</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Up the staircase moved a <b>luminous</b> space in the darkness.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Enlightened; intelligent; also, clear; intelligible; <as>as, a <ex>luminous</ex> mind</as>.</def> " <i>Luminous</i> eloquence." <i>Macaulay</i>. " A <i>luminous</i> statement."

<i>Brougham.</i>

<cs><col>Luminous paint</col>, <cd>a paint made up with some phosphorescent substance, as sulphide of calcium, which after exposure to a strong light is luminous in the dark for a time.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Lucid; clear; shining; perspicuous.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Lu"mi*nous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Lu"mi*nous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lummox</h1>
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<hw>Lum"mox</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fat, ungainly, stupid person; an awkward bungler.</def> <mark>[Law.]</mark>

<h1>Lump</h1>
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<hw>Lump</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OD. <ets>lompe</ets> piece, mass. Cf. <er>Lunch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small mass of matter of irregular shape; an irregular or shapeless mass; <as>as, a <ex>lump</ex> of coal; a <ex>lump</ex> of iron ore.</as></def>  " A <i>lump</i> of cheese." <i>Piers Plowman</i>. " This <i>lump</i> of clay."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mass or aggregation of things.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Firearms)</fld> <def>A projection beneath the breech end of a gun barrel.</def>

<cs><col>In the lump</col>, <col>In a lump</col>, <cd>the whole together; in gross.</cd>

<blockquote>They may buy them <b>in the lump</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Lump coal</col>, <cd>coal in large lumps; -- the largest size brought from the mine.</cd> -- <col>Lump sum</col>, <cd>a gross sum without a specification of items; as, to award a <i>lump sum</i> in satisfaction of all claims and damages.</cd> <-- (b) a single sum paid once in satisfaction of a claim, as contrasted with the alternate choice of several payments over a period of time.--></cs>

<h1>Lump</h1>
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<hw>Lump</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lumped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lumping</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw into a mass; to unite in a body or sum without distinction of particulars.</def>

<blockquote>The expenses ought to be <b>lumped</b> together.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take in the gross; to speak of collectively.</def>

<blockquote>Not forgetting all others, . . . whom for brevity, but out of no resentment you, I <b>lump</b> all together.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To get along with as one can, although displeased; <as>as, if he does n't like it, he can <ex>lump</ex> it</as>.</def> <mark>[Law]</mark>

<-- lump together. v. combine (various items) and treat them as a unit. -->

<-- lumpenproletariat -->

<h1>Lumper</h1>
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<hw>Lump"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Lamper eel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European eelpout; -- called also <altname>lumpen</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lumper</h1>
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<hw>Lump"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who lumps.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A laborer who is employed to load or unload vessels when in harbor.</def>

<h1>Lumpfish</h1>
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<hw>Lump"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Lump</er>, on account of its bulkiness: cf. G. & D. <ets>lump</ets>, F. <ets>lompe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, thick, clumsy, marine fish (<spn>Cyclopterus lumpus</spn>) of Europe and America. The color is usually translucent sea green, sometimes purplish. It has a dorsal row of spiny tubercles, and three rows on each side, but has no scales. The ventral fins unite and form a ventral sucker for adhesion to stones and seaweeds. Called also <altname>lumpsucker</altname>, <altname>cock-paddle</altname>, <altname>sea owl</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lumping</h1>
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<hw>Lump"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bulky; heavy.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Lumpish</h1>
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<hw>Lump"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a lump; inert; gross; heavy; dull; spiritless.</def> " <i>Lumpish</i>, heavy, melancholy."

<i>Shak.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Lump"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Lump"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lumpsucker</h1>
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<hw>Lump"suck`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lumprish.</def>

<h1>Lumpy</h1>
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<hw>Lump"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Lumpier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Lumpiest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Full of lumps, or small compact masses.</def>

<h1>Luna</h1>
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<hw>Lu"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.; akin to <ets>lucere</ets> to shine. See <er>Light</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Lune</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The moon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Alchemy)</fld> <def>Silver.</def>

<cs><col>Luna cornea</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>horn silver, or fused silver chloride, a tough, brown, translucent mass; -- so called from its resemblance to horn.</cd> <col>Luna moth</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large and beautiful American moth (<spn>Actias luna</spn>). Its wings are delicate light green, with a stripe of purple along the front edge of the anterior wings, the other margins being edged with pale yellow. Each wing has a lunate spot surrounded by rings of light yellow, blue, and black. The caterpillar commonly feeds on the hickory, sassafras, and maple.</cd></cs>

<-- Fig. of Luna moth -->

<h1>Lunacy</h1>
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<hw>Lu"na*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lunacies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Lunatic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Insanity or madness; properly, the kind of insanity which is broken by intervals of reason, -- formerly supposed to be influenced by the changes of the moon; any form of unsoundness of mind, except idiocy; mental derangement or alienation.</def>

<i>Brande. Burrill.</i>

<blockquote>Your kindred shuns your house
As beaten hence by your strange <b>lunacy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> A morbid suspension of good sense or judgment, as through fanaticism.<pluf>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Derangement; craziness; mania. See <er>Insanity</er>.</syn>

<hr>
<page="875">
Page 875<p>

<h1>Lunar</h1>
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<hw>Lu"nar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lunaris</ets>, fr. <ets>luna</ets> the moon. See <er>Luna</er>, and cf. <er>Lunary</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the moon; <as>as, <ex>lunar</ex> observations</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling the moon; orbed.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Measured by the revolutions of the moon; <as>as, a <ex>lunar</ex> month</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Influenced by the moon, as in growth, character, or properties; <as>as, <ex>lunar</ex> herbs</as></def>.

<i>Bacon.</i>

<cs><col>Lunar caustic</col> <fld>(Med. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>silver nitrate prepared to be used as a cautery; -- so named because silver was called <i>luna<i> by the ancient alchemists.</cd> -- <col>Lunar cycle</col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Metonic cycle</cref>. See under <er>Cycle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lunar distance</col>, <cd>the angular distance of the moon from the sun, a star, or a planet, employed for determining longitude by the <cref>lunar method</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Lunar method</col>, <cd>the method of finding a ship's longitude by comparing the local time of taking (by means of a sextant or circle) a given lunar distance, with the Greenwich time corresponding to the same distance as ascertained from a nautical almanac, the difference of these times being the longitude.</cd> -- <col>Lunar month</col>. <cd>See <er>Month</er>.</cd> -- <col>Lunar observation</col>, <cd>an observation of a lunar distance by means of a sextant or circle, with the altitudes of the bodies, and the time, for the purpose of computing the longitude.</cd> -- <col>Lunar tables</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>Tables of the moon's motions, arranged for computing the moon's true place at any time past or future</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Navigation)</fld> <cd>Tables for correcting an observed lunar distance on account of refraction and parallax.</cd> -- <col>Lunar year</col>, <cd>the period of twelve lunar months, or 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, and 34.38 seconds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lunar</h1>
<Xpage=875>

<hw>Lu"nar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A lunar distance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The middle bone of the proximal series of the carpus; -- called also <altname>semilunar</altname>, and <altname>intermedium</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lunarian</h1>
<Xpage=875>

<hw>Lu*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lunar</er>, <er>Luna</er>.]</ety> <def>An inhabitant of the moon.</def>

<h1>Lunary</h1>
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<hw>Lu"na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lunaire</ets>. See <er>Lunar</er>.]</ety> <def>Lunar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Lunary</h1>
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<hw>Lu"na*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lunaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The herb moonwort or "honesty".</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A low fleshy fern (<spn>Botrychium Lunaria</spn>) with lunate segments of the leaf or frond.</def>

<h1>Lunate, Lunated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lu"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lu"na*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lunatus</ets> crescent-shaped, p. p. of <ets>lunare</ets> to bend like a crescent, fr. <ets>luna</ets> the moon.]</ety> <def>Crescent-shaped; <as>as, a <ex>lunate</ex> leaf; a <ex>lunate</ex> beak; a <ex>lunated</ex> cross.</as></def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Lunatic</h1>
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<hw>Lu"na*tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lunatique</ets>, L. <ets>lunaticus</ets>, fr. <ets>luna</ets> the moon. See <er>Lunar</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Affected by lunacy; insane; mad.</def>

<blockquote>Lord, have mercy on my son; for he is lunatic.
<i>Wyclif (Matt. xvii. 15).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to, or suitable for, an insane person; evincing lunacy; <as>as, <ex>lunatic</ex> gibberish; a <ex>lunatic</ex> asylum.</as></def>

<h1>Lunatic</h1>
<Xpage=875>

<hw>Lu"na*tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person affected by lunacy; an insane person, esp. one who has lucid intervals; a madman; a person of unsound mind.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>lunatic</b>, the lover, and the poet,
Are of imagination all compact.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lunation</h1>
<Xpage=875>

<hw>Lu*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Lunated</er>.]</ety> <def>The period of a synodic revolution of the moon, or the time from one new moon to the next; varying in length, at different times, from about 29<frac14/ to 29<frac56/ days, the average length being 29 d., 12h., 44m., 2.9s.</def>

<h1>Lunch</h1>
<Xpage=875>

<hw>Lunch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain etymol. Cf. Prov. Eng. <ets>nunc</ets> a lump.]</ety> <def>A luncheon; specifically, a light repast between breakfast and dinner.</def>

<h1>Lunch</h1>
<Xpage=875>

<hw>Lunch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lunched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lunching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To take luncheon.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Luncheon</h1>
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<hw>Lunch"eon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>luncheon</ets>, <ets>lunchion</ets>, <ets>lunshin</ets>, a large lump of food, fr. <ets>lunch</ets>. See <er>Lunch</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A lump of food.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A portion of food taken at any time except at a regular meal; an informal or light repast, as between breakfast and dinner.</def>

<h1>Luncheon</h1>
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<hw>Lunch"eon</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take luncheon.</def>

<i>Beaconsfield.</i>

<h1>Lune</h1>
<Xpage=875>

<hw>Lune</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>luna</ets> moon: cf. F. <ets>lune</ets>. See <er>Luna</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything in the shape of a half moon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A figure in the form of a crescent, bounded by two intersecting arcs of circles.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A fit of lunacy or madness; a period of frenzy; a crazy or unreasonable freak.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>These dangerous, unsafe <b>lunes</b> i' the king.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lunet</h1>
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<hw>Lu"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lunette</er>.]</ety> <def>A little moon or satellite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Lunette</h1>
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<hw>Lu*nette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>lune</ets> moon, L.<ets>luna</ets>. See <er>Lune</er> a crescent.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A fieldwork consisting of two faces, forming a salient angle, and two parallel flanks. See <er>Bastion</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A half horseshoe, which wants the sponge.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of watch crystal which is more than ordinarily flattened in the center; also, a species of convexoconcave lens for spectacles.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A piece of felt to cover the eye of a vicious horse.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Any surface of semicircular or segmental form; especially, the piece of wall between the curves of a vault and its springing line.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An iron shoe at the end of the stock of a gun carriage.</def>

<cs><col>Lunette window</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a window which fills or partly fills a lunette.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lung</h1>
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<hw>Lung</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lunge</ets>, AS. <ets>lunge</ets>, pl. <ets>lungen</ets>; akin to D. <ets>long</ets>, G. <ets>lunge</ets>, Icel. & Sw. <ets>lunga</ets>, Dan. <ets>lunge</ets>, all prob. from the root of E. <ets>light</ets>. <ets><?/</ets> See <er>Light</er> not heavy.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An organ for a\'89rial respiration; -- commonly in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>My <b>lungs</b> began to crow
like chanticleer.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<-- Insert: Illustration of lungs with description. -->

<note>&hand; In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the esophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive saclike character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. See <er>Respiration</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Lung fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>pneumonia.</cd> -- <col>Lung flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of gentian (<spn>G. Pneumonanthe</spn>).</cd> -- <mcol><col>Lung lichen</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>tree lungwort.</cd> See under <er>Lungwort</er>. <col>Lung sac</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the breathing organs of spiders and snails.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lunge</h1>
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<hw>Lunge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Also spelt <ets>longe</ets>, fr. <ets>allonge</ets>. See <er>Allonge</er>, <er>Long</er>.]</ety> <def>A sudden thrust or pass, as with a sword.</def>

<h1>Lunge</h1>
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<hw>Lunge</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lunged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lunging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a lunge.</def>

<h1>Lunge</h1>
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<hw>Lunge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to go round in a ring, as a horse, while holding his halter.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Lunge</h1>
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<hw>Lunge</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Namaycush</er>.</def>

<h1>Lunged</h1>
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<hw>Lunged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having lungs, or breathing organs similar to lungs.</def>

<h1>Lungfish</h1>
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<hw>Lung"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any fish belonging to the Dipnoi; -- so called because they have both lungs and gills.</def>

<h1>Lung-grown</h1>
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<hw>Lung"-grown`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having lungs that adhere to the pleura.</def>

<h1>Lungie</h1>
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<hw>Lun"gie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A guillemot.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>longie</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Lungis</h1>
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<hw>Lun"gis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>longis</ets>. See <er>Lounge</er>.]</ety> <def>A lingerer; a dull, drowsy fellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lungless</h1>
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<hw>Lung"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being without lungs.</def>

<h1>Lungoor</h1>
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<hw>Lun"goor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>lang&umac;r</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A long-tailed monkey (<spn>Semnopithecus schislaceus</spn>), from the mountainous districts of India.</def>

<h1>Lungworm</h1>
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<hw>Lung"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of parasitic nematoid worms which infest the lungs and air passages of cattle, sheep, and other animals, often proving fatal. The lungworm of cattle (<spn>Strongylus micrurus</spn>) and that of sheep (<spn>S. filaria</spn>) are the best known.</def>

<h1>Lungwort</h1>
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<hw>Lung"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An herb of the genus <spn>Pulmonaria</spn> (<spn>P. officinalis</spn>), of Europe; -- so called because the spotted appearance of the leaves resembles that of a diseased lung.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any plant of the genus <spn>Mertensia</spn> (esp. <spn>M. Virginica</spn> and <spn>M. Sibirica</spn>) plants nearly related to <spn>Pulmonaria</spn>. The American lungwort is <spn>Mertensia Virginica</spn>, Virginia cowslip.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<cs><col>Cow's lungwort</col> <cd>mullein.</cd> -- <col>Sea lungwort</col>, <cd><spn>Mertensia maritima</spn>, found on the seacoast of Northern Europe and America.</cd> -- <col>Tree lungwort</col>, <cd>a lichen (<spn>Sticta pulmonacea</spn>) growing on trees and rocks. The thallus is lacunose, and in appearance somewhat resembles the lungs, for diseases of which it was once thought a remedy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lunicurrent</h1>
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<hw>Lu"ni*cur"rent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>luna</ets> moon + E. <ets>current</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having relation to changes in currents that depend on the moon's phases.</def>

<i>Bache.</i>

<h1>Luniform</h1>
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<hw>Lu"ni*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>luna</ets> moon + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>luniforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling the moon in shape.</def>

<h1>Lunisolar</h1>
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<hw>Lu"ni*so"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>luna</ets> moon + E. <ets>solar</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lunisolaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resulting from the united action, or pertaining to the mutual relations, of the sun and moon.</def>

<cs><col>Lunisolar precession</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>that portion of the annual precession of the equinoxes which depends on the joint action of the sun and moon.</cd> -- <col>Lunisolar year</col>, <cd>a period of time, at the end of which, in the Julian calendar, the new and full moons and the eclipses recur on the same days of the week and month and year as in the previous period. It consists of 532 common years, being the least common multiple of the numbers of years in the cycle of the sun and the cycle of the moon.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lunistice</h1>
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<hw>Lu"ni*stice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>luna</ets>. moon + <ets>sistere</ets> to cause to stand. Cf. <er>Solstice</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The farthest point of the moon's northing and southing, in its monthly revolution.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lunitidal</h1>
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<hw>Lu"ni*tid`al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to tidal movements dependent on the moon.</def>

<i>Bache.</i>

<cs><col>Lunitidal interval</col>. <cd>See <er>Retard</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Lunt</h1>
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<hw>Lunt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>lont</ets>; akin to Dan. & G. <ets>lunte</ets>, Sw. <ets>lunta</ets>. Cf. <er>Link</er> a torch.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The match cord formerly used in firing cannon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A puff of smoke.</def> <mark>[Scotch.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Lunula</h1>
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<hw>Lu"nu*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lunul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., prop., a little moon. See <er>Lunule</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Lunule</er>.</def>

<h1>Lunular</h1>
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<hw>Lu"nu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lunulaire</ets>. See <er>Lunula</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a form like that of the new moon; shaped like a crescent.</def>

<h1>Lunulate, Lunulated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lu"nu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lu"nu*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lunula</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling a small crescent.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Lunule</h1>
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<hw>Lu"nule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>lunula</ets>, dim. of <ets>luna</ets> moon.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Anything crescent-shaped; a crescent-shaped part or mark; a lunula, a lune.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A lune. See <er>Lune</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small or narrow crescent.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A special area in front of the beak of many bivalve shells. It sometimes has the shape of a double crescent, but is oftener heart-shaped. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Bivalve</er>.</def>

<h1>Lunulet</h1>
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<hw>Lu"nu*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>lunule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small spot, shaped like a half-moon or crescent; <as>as, the <ex>lunulet</ex> on the wings of many insects</as>.</def>

<h1>Lunulite</h1>
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<hw>Lu"nu*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lunule</ets> + <ets>-life</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lunulithe.</ets> See <er>Lunula</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Any bryozoan of the genus <spn>Lunulites</spn>, having a more or less circular form.</def>

<h1>Luny</h1>
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<hw>Lu"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Shortened fr. <ets>lunatic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Crazy; mentally unsound.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>loony</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Law, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Lupercal</h1>
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<hw>Lu*per"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Lupercalia.</def>

<h1>Lupercal</h1>
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<hw>Lu*per"cal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A grotto on the Palatine Hill sacred to <ets>Lupercus</ets>, the Lycean Pan.</def>

<h1>Lupercalia</h1>
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<hw>Lu`per*ca"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>luperealis</ets>, fr. <ets>Lupercus</ets> the Lycean Pan, so called fr. <ets>lupus</ets> a wolf, because he kept off the wolves.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A feast of the Romans in honor of Lupercus, or Pan.</def>

<h1>Lupine</h1>
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<hw>Lu"pine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lupinus</ets>, <ets>lupinum</ets>, apparently fr. <ets>lupinus</ets> belonging to a wolf, fr. <ets>lupus</ets> a wolf; perh. so called because it was supposed to exhaust the soil: cf. F. <ets>lupin</ets>. Cf. <er>Wolf</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leguminous plant of the genus <spn>Lupinus</spn>, especially <spn>L. albus</spn>, the seeds of which have been used for food from ancient times. The common species of the Eastern United States is <spn>L. perennis</spn>. There are many species in California.</def>

<h1>Lupine</h1>
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<hw>Lu"pine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lupine</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Wolfish; ravenous.</def>

<i>Gauden.</i>

<h1>Lupinin</h1>
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<hw>Lu"pin*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside found in the seeds of several species of lupine, and extracted as a yellowish white crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Lupinine</h1>
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<hw>Lu"pin*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid found in several species of lupine (<spn>Lupinus luteus</spn>, <spn>L. albus</spn>, etc.), and extracted as a bitter crystalline substance.</def>
<-- [MI11] [1-R-trans]-Octahydro-2H-quinolizine-1-methanol, l-lupinine, C10H19NO, a bicyclic saturated quinolizine

                  CH2OH
                  |
          /\  H  /\
        /    \|/    \
       |      |      |
       |      N      |
        \    / \    /
          \/     \/
 -->

<h1>Lupulin</h1>
<Xpage=875>

<hw>Lu"pu*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lupulin</ets>. See <er>Lupuline</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter principle extracted from hops.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fine yellow resinous powder found upon the strobiles or fruit of hops, and containing this bitter principle.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lupuline</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Lupuline</h1>
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<hw>Lu"pu*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>lupulus</ets> the hop, fr. L. <ets>lupus</ets> the hop: cf. F. <ets>lupuline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid extracted from hops as a colorless volatile liquid.</def>

<h1>Lupulinic</h1>
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<hw>Lu`pu*lin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, hops; specifically, designating an acid obtained by the decomposition of lupulin.</def>

<h1>Lupus</h1>
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<hw>Lu"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a wolf. See <er>Wolf</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cutaneous disease occurring under two distinct forms.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Lupus erythematosus</i> is characterized by an eruption of red patches, which become incrusted, leaving superficial scars. <i>L. vulgaris</i> is marked by the development of nodules which often ulcerate deeply and produce great deformity. Formerly the latter was often confounded with cancer, and some varieties of cancer were included under Lupus.</note>
<-- systemic lupus erythematosus is an inflammatory disease -->

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The Wolf, a constellation situated south of Scorpio.</def>

<h1>Lurcation</h1>
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<hw>Lur*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See its <er>Lurch</er>.]</ety> <def>Gluttony; gormandizing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lurch</h1>
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<hw>Lurch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lurcare</ets>, <ets>lurcari</ets>.]</ety> <def>To swallow or eat greedily; to devour; hence, to swallow up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Too far off from great cities, which may hinder business; too near them, which <b>lurcheth</b> all provisions, and maketh everything dear.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lurch</h1>
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<hw>Lurch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>lourche</ets> name of a game; as adj., deceived, embarrassed.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An old game played with dice and counters; a variety of the game of tables.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A double score in cribbage for the winner when his adversary has been left in the <i>lurch</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Lady --- has cried her eyes out on losing a <b>lurch</b>.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To leave one in the lurch</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In the game of cribbage, to leave one's adversary so far behind that the game is won before he has scored thirty-one</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To leave one behind; hence, to abandon, or fail to stand by, a person in a difficulty.</cd> <i>Denham.</i>

<blockquote>But though thou'rt of a different church,
I will not <b>leave thee in the lurch</b>.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>
</cs>

<h1>Lurch</h1>
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<hw>Lurch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To leave in the lurch; to cheat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Never deceive or <b>lurch</b> the sincere communicant.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To steal; to rob.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And in the brunt of seventeen battles since
He <b>lurched</b> all swords of the garland.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lurch</h1>
<Xpage=875>

<hw>Lurch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>llerch</ets>, <ets>llerc</ets>, a frisk, a frisking backward or forward, a loitering, a lurking, a lurking, <ets>llercian</ets>, <ets>llerciaw</ets>, to be idle, to frisk; or perh. fr. E. <ets>lurch</ets> to lurk.]</ety> <def>A sudden roll of a ship to one side, as in heavy weather; hence, a swaying or staggering movement to one side, as that by a drunken man. Fig.: A sudden and capricious inclination of the mind.</def>

<hr>
<page="876">
Page 876<p>

<h1>Lurch</h1>
<Xpage=876>

<hw>Lurch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lurched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lurching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To roll or sway suddenly to one side, as a ship or a drunken man.</def>

<h1>Lurch</h1>
<Xpage=876>

<hw>Lurch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[A variant of <ets>lurk</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To withdraw to one side, or to a private place; to lurk.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dodge; to shift; to play tricks.</def>

<blockquote>I . . . am fain to shuffle, to hedge, and to <b>lurch</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lurcher</h1>
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<hw>Lurch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lurch</er> to lurk.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One that lurches or lies in wait; one who watches to pilfer, or to betray or entrap; a poacher.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a mongrel breed of dogs said to have been a cross between the sheep dog, greyhound, and spaniel. It hunts game silently, by scent, and is often used by poachers.</def>

<h1>Lurcher</h1>
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<hw>Lurch"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lurco</ets>, <ets>lurcho</ets>, a glutton. See 1st <er>Lurch</er>.]</ety> <def>A glutton; a gormandizer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lurchline</h1>
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<hw>Lurch"line`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The line by which a fowling net was pulled over so as to inclose the birds.</def>

<h1>Lurdan</h1>
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<hw>Lur"dan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Stupid; blockish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lurdan</h1>
<Xpage=876>

<hw>Lur"dan</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>lourdin</ets>, fr. <ets>lourd</ets> heavy, dull, thick-headed. See <er>Lord</er>.]</ety> <def>A blockhead.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lure</h1>
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<hw>Lure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>loire</ets>, <ets>loirre</ets>, <ets>loerre</ets>, F. <ets>leurre</ets> lure, decoy; of German origin; cf. MHG. <ets>luoder</ets>, G. <ets>luder</ets> lure, carrion.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A contrivance somewhat resembling a bird, and often baited with raw meat; -- used by falconers in recalling hawks.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any enticement; that which invites by the prospect of advantage or pleasure; a decoy.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Hat Making)</fld> <def>A velvet smoothing brush.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Lure</h1>
<Xpage=876>

<hw>Lure</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Luring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>loirer</ets>, <ets>loirier</ets>, F. <ets>leurrer</ets>. See <er>Lure</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To draw to the lure; hence, to allure or invite by means of anything that promises pleasure or advantage; to entice; to attract.</def>

<blockquote>I am not <b>lured</b> with love.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And various science <b>lures</b> the learned eye.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lure</h1>
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<hw>Lure</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To recall a hawk or other animal.</def>

<h1>Lurg</h1>
<Xpage=876>

<hw>Lurg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large marine annelid (<spn>Nephthys c\'91ca</spn>), inhabiting the sandy shores of Europe and America. It is whitish, with a pearly luster, and grows to the length of eight or ten inches.</def>

<h1>Lurid</h1>
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<hw>Lu"rid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>luridus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pale yellow; ghastly pale; wan; gloomy; dismal.</def>

<blockquote>Fierce o'er their beauty blazed the <b>lurid</b> flame.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wrapped in drifts of <b>lurid</b> smoke
On the misty river tide.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a brown color tonged with red, as of flame seen through smoke.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of a color tinged with purple, yellow, and gray.</def>

<h1>Lurk</h1>
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<hw>Lurk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lurked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lurking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>lurken</ets>, <ets>lorken</ets>, prob. a dim. from the source of E. <ets>lower</ets> to frown. See <er>Lower</er>, and cf. <er>Lurch</er>, a sudden roll, <er>Lurch</er> to lurk.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lie hid; to lie in wait.</def>

<blockquote>Like wild beasts, <b>lurking</b> in loathsome den.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let us . . . <b>lurk</b> privily for the innocent.
<i>Prov. i. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To keep out of sight.</def>

<blockquote>The defendant <b>lurks</b> and wanders about in Berks.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lurker</h1>
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<hw>Lurk"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who lurks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small fishing boat.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Lurry</h1>
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<hw>Lur"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>llwry</ets> precipitant, a provision.]</ety> <def>A confused heap; a throng, as of persons; a jumble, as of sounds.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To turn prayer into a kind of <b>lurry</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Luscious</h1>
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<hw>Lus"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Prob. for <ets>lustious</ets>, fr. <ets>lusty</ets>, or perh. a corruption of <ets>luxurious</ets>. Cf. <er>Lush</er>, <er>Lusty</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Sweet; delicious; very grateful to the taste; toothsome; excessively sweet or rich.</def>

<blockquote>And raisins keep their <b>luscious</b>, native taste.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cloying; fulsome.</def>

<blockquote>He had a tedious, <b>luscious</b> way of talking.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Gratifying a depraved sense; obscene.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Steele.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Lus"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Lus"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lusern</h1>
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<hw>Lu"sern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>loup-cervier</ets>, L. <ets>lupus cervarius</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lynx. See 1st <er>Lucern</er> and <er>Loup-cervier</er>.</def>

<h1>Lush</h1>
<Xpage=876>

<hw>Lush</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Prob. an abbrev. of <ets>lushious</ets>, fr. <ets>luscious</ets>.]</ety> <def>Full of juice or succulence.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>How <b>lush</b> and lusty the grass looks! how green!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lushburg</h1>
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<hw>Lush"burg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Lussheburgh</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lusitanian</h1>
<Xpage=876>

<hw>Lu`si*ta"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Lusitania, the ancient name of the region almost coinciding with Portugal.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the people of Lusitania.</def></def2>

<h1>Lusk</h1>
<Xpage=876>

<hw>Lusk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lazy; slothful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lusk</h1>
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<hw>Lusk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lazy fellow; a lubber.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Kendall.</i>

<h1>Lusk</h1>
<Xpage=876>

<hw>Lusk</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be idle or unemployed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Luskish</h1>
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<hw>Lusk"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclined to be lazy.</def> <i>Marston</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Lusk"*ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -<wf>Lusk"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Lusorious, Lusory</h1>
<Xpage=876>

<hw><hw>Lu*so"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lu"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lusorius</ets>. See <er>Illusory</er>.]</ety> <def>Used in play; sportive; playful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Sanderson.</i>

<h1>Lussheburgh</h1>
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<hw>Lus"she*burgh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A spurious coin of light weight imported into England from <i>Luxemburg</i>, or Lussheburgh, as it was formerly called.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>God wot, no <b>Lussheburghes</b> payen ye.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lust</h1>
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<hw>Lust</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>lust</ets>, <ets>lust</ets>, pleasure, longing; akin to OS., D., G., & Sw. <ets>lust</ets>, Dan. & Icel. <ets>lyst</ets>, Goth <ets>lustus</ets>, and perh. tom Skr. <ets>lush</ets> to desire, or to E. <ets>loose</ets>. Cf. <er>List</er> to please, <er>Listless</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pleasure</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " Lust and jollity."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inclination; desire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For little <b>lust</b> had she to talk of aught.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My <b>lust</b> to devotion is little.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Longing desire; eagerness to possess or enjoy; -- in a had sense; <as>as, the <ex>lust</ex> of gain</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>lust</b> of reigning.

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Licentious craving; sexual appetite.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Hence: Virility; vigor; active power.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Lust</h1>
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<hw>Lust</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lusted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lusting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>lystan</ets>. See <er>Lust</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. List to choose.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To list; to like.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>. " Do so if thou <i>lust</i>. "

<i>Latimer.</i>

<note>&hand; In earlier usage <i>lust</i> was impersonal.

<blockquote>In the water vessel he it cast
When that him <b>luste</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>
</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have an eager, passionate, and especially an inordinate or sinful desire, as for the gratification of the sexual appetite or of covetousness; -- often with <ptcl>after</ptcl>.</def>

<blockquote>Whatsoever thy soul <b>lusteth</b> after.
<i>Deut. xii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whosoever looketh on a woman to <b>lust</b> after her, hath committed adultery with her already in his heart.
<i>Matt. v. 28.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The spirit that dwelleth in us <b>lusteth</b> to envy.
<i>James iv. 5. </i></blockquote>

<h1>Luster</h1>
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<hw>Lust"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lusts.</def>

<h1>Luster Lustre</h1>
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<hw>Lus"ter Lus"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lustrum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lustre</ets>.]</ety> <def>A period of five years; a lustrum.</def>

<blockquote>Both of us have closed the tenth <b>luster</b>.
<i>Bolingbroke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Luster, Lustre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lus"ter</hw>, <hw>Lus"tre</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lustre</ets>; cf. It. <ets>lustro</ets>; both fr. L. <ets>lustrare</ets> to purify, go about (like the priests at the lustral sacrifice), traverse, survey, illuminate, fr. <ets>lustrum</ets> a purificatory sacrifice; perh. akin to E. <ets>loose</ets>. But <ets>lustrare</ets> to illuminate is perh. a different word, and akin to L. <ets>lucere</ets> to be light or clear, to shine. See <er>Lucid</er>, and cf. <er>Illustrious</er>, <er>Lustrum</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Brilliancy; splendor; brightness; glitter.</def>

<blockquote>The right mark and very true <b>luster</b> of the diamond.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The scorching sun was mounted high,
In all its <b>luster</b>, to the noonday sky.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; There is a tendency to limit the use of <i>luster</i>, in this sense, to the brightness of things which do not shine with their own light, or at least do not blaze or glow with heat. One speaks of the <i>luster</i> of a diamond, or of silk, or even of the stars, but not often now of the <i>luster</i> of the sun, a coal of fire, or the like.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Renown; splendor; distinction; glory.</def>

<blockquote>His ancestors continued about four hundred years, rather without obscurity than with any great <b>luster</b>.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A candlestick, chandelier, girandole, or the like, generally of an ornamental character.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The appearance of the surface of a mineral as affected by, or dependent upon, peculiarities of its reflecting qualities.</def>

<note>&hand; The principal kinds of luster recognized are: <i>metallic</i>, <i>adamantine</i>, <i>vitreous</i>, <i>resinous</i>, <i>greasy</i>, <i>pearly</i>, and <i>silky</i>. With respect to intensity, <i>luster</i> is characterized as <i>splendent</i>, <i>shining</i>, <i>glistening</i>, <i>glimmering</i>, and <i>dull</i>.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A substance which imparts luster to a surface, as plumbago and some of the glazes.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A fabric of wool and cotton with a lustrous surface, -- used for women's dresses.</def>

<cs><col>Luster ware</col>, <cd>earthenware decorated by applying to the glazing metallic oxides, which acquire brilliancy in the process of baking.</cd></cs>

<h1>Luster, Lustre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lus"ter</hw>, <hw>Lus"tre</hw>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lustred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lustering</er>, &or; <er>Lustring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make lustrous.</def> <mark>[R. & Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Flooded and <b>lustered</b> with her loosened gold.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lustering</h1>
<Xpage=876>

<hw>Lus"ter*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of imparting a luster, as to pottery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The brightening of a metal in the crucible when it becomes pure, as in certain refining processes.</def>

<h1>Lusterless, Lustreless</h1>
<Xpage=876>

<hw><hw>Lus"ter*less</hw>, <hw>Lus"tre*less</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of luster; dim; dull.</def>

<h1>Lustful</h1>
<Xpage=876>

<hw>Lust"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of lust; excited by lust</def>

<i>Spenser. Tillotson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exciting lust; characterized by lust or sensuality.</def> " <i>Lustful</i> orgies."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Strong; lusty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " <i>Lustful</i> health."

<i>Sackville.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- sensual; fleshly; carnal; inordinate; licentious; lewd; unchaste; impure; libidinous; lecherous.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Lust"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Lust"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lustic</h1>
<Xpage=876>

<hw>Lus"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lusty; vigorous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lustihead</h1>
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<hw>Lus"ti*head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lusty</ets> + <ets>-head</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Lustihood</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lustihood</h1>
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<hw>Lus"ti*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lusty</ets> + <ets>-hood</ets>.]</ety> <def>State of being lusty; vigor of body.</def> " Full of <i>lustihood</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Lustily</h1>
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<hw>Lus"ti*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lusty or vigorous manner.</def>

<h1>Lustiness</h1>
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<hw>Lus"ti*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being lusty; vigor; strength.</def>

<h1>Lustless</h1>
<Xpage=876>

<hw>Lust"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[CF. <er>Listless</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lacking vigor; weak; spiritless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free from sexual lust.</def>

<h1>Lustral</h1>
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<hw>Lus"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lustralis</ets>, fr. <ets>lustrum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lustral</ets>. See <er>Lustrum</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to, or used for, purification; <as>as, <ex>lustral</ex> days; <ex>lustral</ex> water.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a lustrum.</def>

<h1>Lustrate</h1>
<Xpage=876>

<hw>Lus"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lustrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lustrating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>lustratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>lustrare</ets> to lustrate, fr. <ets>lustrum</ets>. See <er>Lustrum</er>.]</ety> <def>To make clear or pure by means of a propitiatory offering; to purify.</def>

<blockquote>We must purge, and cleanse, and <b>lustrate</b> the whole city.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lustration</h1>
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<hw>Lus*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lustratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lustration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of lustrating or purifying.</def>

<blockquote>And holy water for <b>lustration</b> bring.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A sacrifice, or ceremony, by which cities, fields, armies, or people, defiled by crimes, pestilence, or other cause of uncleanness, were purified.</def>

<h1>Lustre</h1>
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<hw>Lus"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Luster</er>.</def>

<h1>Lustrical</h1>
<Xpage=876>

<hw>Lus"tri*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lustricus</ets>, fr. <ets>lustrum</ets>. See <er>Lustrum</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or used for, purification.</def>

<h1>Lustring</h1>
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<hw>Lus"tring</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lustrine</ets>, It. <ets>lustrino</ets>, fr. <ets>lustrare</ets> to polish, L. <ets>lustrare</ets>. See 3d <er>Luster</er>, and cf. <er>Lutestring</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of glossy silk fabric. See <er>Lutestring</er>.</def>

<h1>Lustrous</h1>
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<hw>Lus"trous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lustreux</ets>. See 3d <er>Luster</er>.]</ety> <def>Bright; shining; luminous. " Good sparks and <i>lustrous</i>." <i>Shak.</i></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Lus"trous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Lustrum</h1>
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<hw>Lus"trum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Lustrums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Lustra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. Cf. 2d & 3d <er>Luster</er>.]</ety> <def>A lustration or purification, especially the purification of the whole Roman people, which was made by the censors once in five years. Hence: A period of five years.</def>

<h1>Lustwort</h1>
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<hw>Lust"wort`</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sundew</er>.</def>

<h1>Lusty</h1>
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<hw>Lust"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Lustier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Lustiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Lust</er>. See <er>Lust</er>, and cf. <er>Luscious</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Exhibiting lust or vigor; stout; strong; vigorous; robust; healthful; able of body.</def>

<blockquote>Neither would their old men, so many as were yet vigorous and <b>lusty</b>, be left at home.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Beautiful; handsome; pleasant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of large size; big. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " Three <i>lusty</i> vessels." <i>Evelyn</i>. Hence, sometimes, pregnant.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Lustful; lascivious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Lusus natur\'91</h1>
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<hw>Lu"sus na*tu"r\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>lusus</ets> sport + <ets>naturae</ets>, gen. of <ets>natura</ets> nature.]</ety> <def>Sport or freak of nature; a deformed or unnatural production.</def>

<h1>Lutanist</h1>
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<hw>Lut"a*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.<ets>lutanista</ets>, fr. <ets>lutana</ets> lute. See <er>Lute</er> the instrument.]</ety> <def>A person that plays on the lute.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Lutarious</h1>
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<hw>Lu*ta"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lutarius</ets> fr. <ets>lutum</ets> mud.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or like, mud; living in mud.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Lutation</h1>
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<hw>Lu*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lutare</ets>, <ets>lutatum</ets>, to bedaub with mud, fr. <ets>lutum</ets> mud: cf. F. <ets>lutation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or method of luting vessels.</def>

<h1>Lute</h1>
<Xpage=876>

<hw>Lute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lutum</ets> mud, clay: cf. OF. <ets>lut</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A cement of clay or other tenacious infusible substance for sealing joints in apparatus, or the mouths of vessels or tubes, or for coating the bodies of retorts, etc., when exposed to heat; -- called also <altname>luting</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A packing ring, as of rubber, for fruit jars, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Brick Making)</fld> <def>A straight-edged piece of wood for striking off superfluous clay from mold.</def>

<h1>Lute</h1>
<Xpage=876>

<hw>Lute</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Luted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Luting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To close or seal with lute; <as>as, to <ex>lute</ex> on the cover of a crucible; to <ex>lute</ex> a joint.</as></def>

<h1>Lute</h1>
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<hw>Lute</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>leut</ets>, F. <ets>luth</ets>; skin to Pr. <ets>la\'a3t</ets>, It. <ets>li\'a3to</ets>, <ets>le\'a3to</ets>, Sp. <ets>la\'a3d</ets>, Pg. <ets>alaude</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>al'<?/d</ets>; <ets>al</ets> the + <ets>'<?/d</ets> wood, timber, trunk or branch of a tree, staff, stick, wood of aloes, lute or harp.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A stringed instrument formerly much in use. It consists of four parts, namely, the table or front, the body, having nine or ten ribs or "sides," arranged like the divisions of a melon, the neck, which has nine or ten frets or divisions, and the head, or cross, in which the screws for tuning are inserted. The strings are struck with the right hand, and with the left the stops are pressed.</def>

<h1>Lute</h1>
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<hw>Lute</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sound, as a lute. <i>Piers Plowman</i>. <i>Keats</i>.</def>

<h1>Lute</h1>
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<hw>Lute</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To play on a lute, or as on a lute.</def>

<blockquote>Knaves are men
That <b>lute</b> and flute fantastic tenderness.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Lute-backed</h1>
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<hw>Lute"-backed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a curved spine.</def>

<h1>Luteic</h1>
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<hw>Lu*te"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, weld (<spn>Reseda luteola</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid resembling luteolin, but obtained from the flowers of <spn>Euphorbia cyparissias</spn>.</def>

<h1>Lutein</h1>
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<hw>Lu"te*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From corpus <ets>lute</ets>um.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance of a strongly marked yellow color, extracted from the yelk of eggs, and from the tissue of the corpus luteum.</def>

<h1>Lutenist</h1>
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<hw>Lut"e*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Lutanist</er>.</def>

<h1>Luteo-</h1>
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<hw>Lu"te*o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>luteus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combining form signifying <i>orange yellow</i> or <i>brownish yellow</i>.</def>

<h1>Luteocobaltic</h1>
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<hw>Lu"te*o*co*balt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, certain compounds of cobalt having a yellow color. Cf. <er>Cobaltic</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Luteocobaltic chloride</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a brilliant reddish yellow crystalline compound, <chform>Co2Cl6(NH3)12</chform>, obtained by the action of ammonium chloride on an ammoniacal solution of cobaltic chloride.</cd></cs>

<h1>Luteolin</h1>
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<hw>Lu"te*o*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From NL. Reseda <ets>luteola</ets>, fr. L. <ets>luteolus</ets> yellowish, fr. <ets>luteus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lut\'82oline</ets>. See <er>Luteous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow dyestuff obtained from the foliage of the dyer's broom (<spn>Reseda luteola</spn>).</def>

<h1>Luteous</h1>
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<hw>Lu"te*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>luteus</ets>, fr. <ets>lutum</ets> dyer's broom, weld, which is used as a yellow dye.]</ety> <def>Yellowish; more or less like buff.</def>

<h1>Luter</h1>
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<hw>Lut"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From 3d <er>Lute</er>.]</ety> <def>One who plays on a lute.</def>

<h1>Luter</h1>
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<hw>Lut"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Ist <er>Lute</er>.]</ety> <def>One who applies lute.</def>

<h1>Lutescent</h1>
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<hw>Lu*tes"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>luteus</ets> yellow.]</ety> <def>Of a yellowish color.</def>

<h1>Lutestring</h1>
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<hw>Lute"string`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>lustring</ets>.]</ety> <def>A plain, stout, lustrous silk, used for ladies' dresses and for ribbon.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Luth</h1>
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<hw>Luth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The leatherback.</def>

<h1>Lutheran</h1>
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<hw>Lu"ther*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to <ets>Luther</ets>; adhering to the doctrines of Luther or the Lutheran Church.</def>

<h1>Lutheran</h1>
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<hw>Lu"ther*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who accepts or adheres to the doctrines of Luther or the Lutheran Church.</def>

<h1>Lutheranism, Lutherism</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lu"ther*an*ism</hw>, <hw>Lu"ther*ism</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrines taught by Luther or held by the Lutheran Church.</def>

<h1>Luthern</h1>
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<hw>Lu"thern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lucarne</ets> a dormer, dormer window, garret window, L. <ets>lucerna</ets> lamp, fr. <ets>lucere</ets> to be light or clear, fr. <ets>lux</ets> light. See <er>Light</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Lucarne</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A dormer window. See <er>Dormer</er>.</def>

<h1>Lutidine</h1>
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<hw>Lu"ti*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>toluidine</ets>, by transposition.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of several metameric alkaloids, <chform>C5H3N.(CH3)2</chform>, of the pyridine series, obtained from bone oil as liquids, and having peculiar pungent odors. These alkaloids are also called respectively <altname>dimethyl pyridine</altname>, <altname>ethyl pyridine</altname>, etc.</def>
<-- most commonly 2,6-lutidine = 2,6-dimethyl pyridine -->

<hr>
<page="877">
Page 877<p>

<h1>Luting</h1>
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<hw>Lut"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lute</er>, a cement.</def>

<h1>Lutist</h1>
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<hw>Lut"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who plays on a lute.</def>

<h1>Lutose</h1>
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<hw>Lu*tose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lutosus</ets>, fr. <ets>lutum</ets> mud.]</ety> <def>Covered with clay; miry.</def>

<h1>Lutulence</h1>
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<hw>Lu"tu*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being lutulent.</def>

<h1>Lutulent</h1>
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<hw>Lu"tu*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lutulentus</ets>, fr. <ets>lutum</ets> mud.]</ety> <def>Muddy; turbid; thick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Luwack</h1>
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<hw>Lu*wack"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Paradoxure</er>.</def>

<h1>Lux</h1>
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<hw>Lux</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>luxer</ets>. See <er>Luxate</er>.]</ety> <def>To put out of joint; to luxate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Luxate</h1>
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<hw>Lux"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>luxatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>luxare</ets> to dislocate.]</ety> <def>Luxated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Luxate</h1>
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<hw>Lux"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Luxated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Luxating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To displace, or remove from its proper place, as a joint; to put out of joint; to dislocate.</def>

<h1>Luxation</h1>
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<hw>Lux*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>luxatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>luxation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of luxating, or the state of being luxated; a dislocation.</def>

<h1>Luxe</h1>
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<hw>Luxe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>luxus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>luxe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Luxury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<cs><col>\'90dition de luxe</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <cd>A sumptuous edition as regards paper, illustrations, binding, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Luxive</h1>
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<hw>Lux"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Given to luxury; voluptuous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Luxullianite</h1>
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<hw>Lux*ul"li*an*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from <ets>Luxullian</ets>, in Cornwall.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A kind of granite from Luxullian, Cornwall, characterized by the presence of radiating groups of minute tourmaline crystals.</def>

<h1>Luxuriance</h1>
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<hw>Lux*u"ri*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>luxuriance</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being luxuriant; rank, vigorous growth; excessive abundance produced by rank growth.</def> "Tropical <i>luxuriance</i>."

<i>B. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Luxuriancy</h1>
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<hw>Lux*u"ri*an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being luxuriant; luxuriance.</def>

<blockquote>Flowers grow up in the garden in the greatest <b>luxuriancy</b> and profusion.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Luxuriant</h1>
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<hw>Lux*u"ri*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>luxurians</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>luxuriare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>luxuriant</ets>. See <er>Luxuriate</er>.]</ety> <def>Exuberant in growth; rank; excessive; very abundant; <as>as, a <ex>luxuriant</ex> growth of grass; <ex>luxuriant</ex> foliage.</as></def>

<blockquote>Prune the <b>luxuriant</b>, the uncouth refine.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Luxuriant flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>one in which the floral envelopes are overdeveloped at the expense of the essential organs.</cd></cs>

<h1>Luxuriantly</h1>
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<hw>Lux*u"ri*ant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a luxuriant manner.</def>

<h1>Luxuriate</h1>
<Xpage=877>

<hw>Lux*u"ri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Luxuriated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Luxuriating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>luxuriatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>luxuriari</ets>, <ets>-are</ets>, to luxuriate. See <er>Luxury</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To grow exuberantly; to grow to superfluous abundance.</def> " Corn <i>luxuriates</i> in a better mold."

<i>Burton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To feed or live luxuriously; <as>as, the herds <ex>luxuriate</ex> in the pastures</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To indulge with unrestrained delight and freedom; <as>as, to <ex>luxuriate</ex> in description</as>.</def>

<h1>Luxuriation</h1>
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<hw>Lux*u`ri*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process luxuriating.</def>

<h1>Luxuriety</h1>
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<hw>Lux`u*ri"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Luxuriance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Luxurious</h1>
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<hw>Lux*u"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>luxuriosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>luxurieux</ets>. See <er>Luxury</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to luxury; ministering to luxury; supplied with the conditions of luxury; <as>as, a <ex>luxurious</ex> life; a <ex>luxurious</ex> table; <ex>luxurious</ex> ease.</as></def> " <i>Luxurious</i> cities. "

<i>Milton.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Lux*u"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Lux*u"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Luxurist</h1>
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<hw>Lux"u*rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One given to luxury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Luxury</h1>
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<hw>Lux"u*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Luxuries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>luxuria</ets>, fr. <ets>luxus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>luxure</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A free indulgence in costly food, dress, furniture, or anything expensive which gratifies the appetites or tastes.</def>

<blockquote>Riches expose a man to pride and <b>luxury</b>.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything which pleases the senses, and is also costly, or difficult to obtain; an expensive rarity; <as>as, silks, jewels, and rare fruits are <ex>luxuries</ex>; in some countries ice is a great <ex>luxury</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>He cut the side of a rock for a garden, and, by laying on it earth, furnished out a kind of <b>luxury</b> for a hermit.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lechery; lust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote><b>Luxury</b> is in wine and drunkenness.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Luxuriance; exuberance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Voluptuousness; epicurism; effeminacy; sensuality; lasciviousness; dainty; delicacy; gratification.</syn>

<h1>Luz</h1>
<Xpage=877>

<hw>Luz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bone of the human body which was supposed by certain Rabbinical writers to be indestructible. Its location was a matter of dispute. <i>Brande & C.</i></def>

<h1>-ly</h1>
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<hw>-ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[OE. <ets>-lich</ets>, AS. <ets>-lic</ets>, orig. the same word as E. <ets>li<?/e</ets>, a. See <er>Like</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A suffix forming adjectives and adverbs, and denoting <i>likeness</i> or <i>resemblance</i>.</def>

<h1>Lyam</h1>
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<hw>Ly"am</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Leam</er>.]</ety> <def>A leash.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lycanthrope</h1>
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<hw>Ly"can*thrope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ a wolf + <?/ a man.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A human being fabled to have been changed into a wolf; a werewolf.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One affected with lycanthropy.</def>

<h1>Lycanthropia</h1>
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<hw>Ly`can*thro"pi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Lycanthropy</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Lycanthropic</h1>
<Xpage=877>

<hw>Ly`can*throp"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to lycanthropy.</def>

<h1>Lycanthropist</h1>
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<hw>Ly*can"thro*pist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One affected by the disease lycanthropy.</def>

<h1>Lycanthropous</h1>
<Xpage=877>

<hw>Ly*can"thro*pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lycanthropic.</def>

<h1>Lycanthropy</h1>
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<hw>Ly*can"thro*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>lycanthropie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The supposed act of turning one's self or another person into a wolf.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of erratic melancholy, in which the patient imagines himself a wolf, and imitates the actions of that animal.</def>

<h1>Lyceum</h1>
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<hw>Ly*ce"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Lyceums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Lycea</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>lyceum</ets>, Gr. <?/, so named after the neighboring temple of <?/ <?/ Apollo the wolf slayer, prob. fr. <?/ belonging to a wolf, fr <?/ wolf. See <er>Wolf</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place of exercise with covered walks, in the suburbs of Athens, where Aristotle taught philosophy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A house or apartment appropriated to instruction by lectures or disquisitions.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A higher school, in Europe, which prepares youths for the university.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An association for debate and literary improvement.</def>

<h1>Lyche</h1>
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<hw>Lyche</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lychee</h1>
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<hw>Ly"chee`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Litchi</er>.</def>

<h1>Lych gate</h1>
<Xpage=877>

<hw>Lych" gate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. See under <er>Lich</er>.</def>

<h1>Lychnis</h1>
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<hw>Lych"nis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a kind of red flower, Gr. <grk>lychni`s</grk>; cf. <grk>ly`chnos</grk> a lamp.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of Old World plants belonging to the Pink family (<spn>Caryophyllace\'91</spn>). Most of the species have brilliantly colored flowers and cottony leaves, which may have anciently answered as wicks for lamps. The botanical name is in common use for the garden species. The corn cockle (<spn>Lychnis Githago</spn>) is a common weed in wheat fields.</def>

<h1>Lychnobite</h1>
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<hw>Lych"no*bite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>ly`chnos</grk> a lamp + <grk>bi`os</grk> life.]</ety> <def>One who labors at night and sleeps in the day.</def>

<h1>Lychnoscope</h1>
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<hw>Lych"no*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <cref>Low side window</cref>, under Low, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Lycine</h1>
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<hw>Lyc"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A weak base identical with betaine; -- so called because found in the boxthorn (<spn>Lycium barbarum</spn>). See <er>Betaine</er>.</def><-- (also called oxyneurine, glycine betaine, glycocoll betain; = carboxymethyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide inner salt. C5H11NO2 (zwitterion) -->

<h1>Lycoperdon</h1>
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<hw>Ly`co*per"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ wolf + <?/ to break wind.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of fungi, remarkable for the great quantity of spores, forming a fine dust, which is thrown out like smoke when the plant is compressed or burst; puffball.</def>

<h1>Lycopod</h1>
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<hw>Ly"co*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>lycopode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus Lycopodium.</def>

<h1>Lycopode</h1>
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<hw>Ly"co*pode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Same as <cref>Lycopodium powder</cref>. See under <er>Lycopodium</er>.</def>

<h1>Lycopodiaceous</h1>
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<hw>Ly`co*po`di*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging, or relating, to the <spn>Lycopodiace\'91</spn>, an order of cryptogamous plants (called also <altname>club mosses</altname>) with branching stems, and small, crowded, one-nerved, and usually pointed leaves.</def>

<h1>Lycopodite</h1>
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<hw>Ly*cop"o*dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An old name for a fossil club moss.</def>

<h1>Lycopodium</h1>
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<hw>Ly`co*po"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ wolf + <?/, <?/, a foot.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of mosslike plants, the type of the order <spn>Lycopodiace\'91</spn>; club moss.</def>

<cs><col>Lycopodium powder</col>, <cd>a fine powder or dust composed of the spores of Lycopodium, and other plants of the order <spn>Lycopodiace\'91</spn>. It is highly inflammable, and is sometimes used in the manufacture of fireworks, and the artificial representation of lightning.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lycotropous</h1>
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<hw>Ly*cot"ro*pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ hook + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Campylotropous.</def>

<h1>Lyden</h1>
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<hw>Lyd"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Leden</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lydian</h1>
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<hw>Lyd"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Lydius</ets>, fr. <ets>Lydia</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Lydia, a country of Asia Minor, or to its inhabitants; hence, soft; effeminate; -- said especially of one of the ancient Greek modes or keys, the music in which was of a soft, pathetic, or voluptuous character.</def>

<blockquote>Softly sweet in <b>Lydian</b> measures,
Soon he soothed his soul to pleasures.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Lydian stone</col>, <cd>a flint slate used by the ancients to try gold and silver; a touchstone. See <er>Basanite</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lydine</h1>
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<hw>Lyd"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld> <def>A violet dye derived from aniline.</def>

<h1>Lye</h1>
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<hw>Lye</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lie</asp> and <asp>ley</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[AS. <ets>le\'a0h</ets>; akin to D. <ets>loog</ets>, OHG. <ets>louga</ets>, G. <ets>lauge</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>laug</ets> a bath, a hot spring.]</ety> <def>A strong caustic alkaline solution of potassium salts, obtained by leaching wood ashes. It is much used in making soap, etc.</def>

<h1>Lye</h1>
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<hw>Lye</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A short side line, connected with the main line; a turn-out; a siding.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Lye</h1>
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<hw>Lye</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A falsehood. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Lie</er>.</def>

<h1>Lyencephala</h1>
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<hw>Ly`en*ceph"a*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to loose + <?/ the brain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Mammalia, including the marsupials and monotremes; -- so called because the corpus callosum is rudimentary.</def>

<h1>Lyencephalous</h1>
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<hw>Ly`en*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the Lyencephala.</def>

<h1>Lyerman</h1>
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<hw>Ly"er*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cicada.</def>

<h1>Lygodium</h1>
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<hw>Ly*go"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ flexible; <?/ a willow twig + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of ferns with twining or climbing fronds, bearing stalked and variously-lobed divisions in pairs.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Lygodium palmatum</i>, much prized for indoor ornament, inhabits shaded and moist grassy places, from Massachusetts to Virginia and Kentucky, and sparingly southwards.</note>

<h1>Lying</h1>
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<hw>Ly"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <def>of <er>Lie</er>, to tell a falsehood.</def>

<h1>Lying</h1>
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<hw>Ly"ing</hw>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <def>of <er>Lie</er>, to be supported horizontally.</def>

<cs><col>Lying panel</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a panel in which the grain of the wood is horizontal. <mark>[R.]</mark></cd> -- <col>Lying to</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>having the sails so disposed as to counteract each other.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lying-in</h1>
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<hw>Ly"ing-in"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state attending, and consequent to, childbirth; confinement.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of bearing a child.</def>

<h1>Lyingly</h1>
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<hw>Ly"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lying manner; falsely.</def>

<h1>Lyken</h1>
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<hw>Ly"ken</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Like</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <def>To please; -- chiefly used impersonally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " Sith it <i>lyketh</i> you."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lym, &or; Lymhound</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lym</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Lym"hound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dog held in a leam; a bloodhound; a limehound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Lymail</h1>
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<hw>Ly*mail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Limaille</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Lyme grass</h1>
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<hw>Lyme" grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A coarse perennial grass of several species of <spn>Elymus</spn>, esp. <spn>E. Canadensis</spn>, and the European <spn>E. arenarius</spn>.</def>

<h1>Lymph</h1>
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<hw>Lymph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lympha</ets>: cf. F. <ets>lymphe</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A spring of water; hence, water, or a pure, transparent liquid like water.</def>

<blockquote>A fountain bubbled up, whose <b>lymph</b> serene
Nothing of earthly mixture might distain.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An alkaline colorless fluid, contained in the lymphatic vessels, coagulable like blood, but free from red blood corpuscles. It is absorbed from the various tissues and organs of the body, and is finally discharged by the thoracic and right lymphatic ducts into the great veins near the heart.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A fibrinous material exuded from the blood vessels in inflammation. In the process of healing it is either absorbed, or is converted into connective tissue binding the inflamed surfaces together.</def>

<cs><col>Lymph corpuscles</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>finely granular nucleated cells, identical with the colorless blood corpuscles, present in the lymph and chyle.</cd> -- <col>Lymph duct</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a lymphatic.</cd> -- <col>Lymph heart</col>. <cd>See Note under <er>Heart</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lymphadenitis</h1>
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<hw>Lym`pha*de*ni"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Lymph</er>, and <er>Adenitis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the lymphatic glands; -- called also <altname>lymphitis</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lymphadenoma</h1>
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<hw>Lym`pha*de*no"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Lymph</er>, <er>Aden-</er>, and <er>-oma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lymphoma</er>.</def>

<h1>Lymphangeitis</h1>
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<hw>Lym*phan`ge*i"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>lympha</ets> lymph + Gr. <?/ vessel + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>lymphangitis</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Lymphangial</h1>
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<hw>Lym*phan"gi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lymphangeitis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the lymphatics, or lymphoid tissue; lymphatic.</def>

<h1>Lymphate, Lymphated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lymph"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lymph"a*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lymphatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>lymphare</ets> to water, dilute with water, to drive out of one's senses, to make mad.]</ety> <def>Frightened into madness; raving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lymphatic</h1>
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<hw>Lym*phat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lymphaticus</ets> distracted, frantic: cf. F. <ets>lymphatique</ets>]</ety> <def>pertaining to, containing, or conveying lymph.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Madly enthusiastic; frantic. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " <i>Lymphatic</i> rapture. " <i>Sir T. Herbert</i>. <ety>[See <er>Lymphate</er>.]</ety>

<cs><col>Lymphatic gland</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one of the solid glandlike bodies connected with the lymphatics or the lacteals; -- called also <altname>lymphatic ganglion</altname>, and <altname>conglobate gland</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Lymphatic temperament</col> <fld>(Old Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>a temperament in which the lymphatic system seems to predominate, that is, a system in which the complexion lacks color and the tissues seem to be of loose texture; hence, a temperament lacking energy, inactive, indisposed to exertion or excitement. See <er>Temperament</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lymphatic</h1>
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<hw>Lym*phat"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the lymphatic or absorbent vessels, which carry lymph and discharge it into the veins; lymph duct; lymphatic duct.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mad enthusiast; a lunatic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Lymphitis</h1>
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<hw>Lym*phi"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lymphadenitis</er>.</def>

<h1>Lymphogenic</h1>
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<hw>Lym`pho*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lymph</ets> + root of L. <ets>gignere</ets> to produce.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Connected with, or formed in, the lymphatic glands.</def>

<h1>Lymphography</h1>
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<hw>Lym*phog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lymph</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of the lymphatic vessels, their origin and uses.</def>

<h1>Lymphoid</h1>
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<hw>Lymph"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lymph</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Resembling lymph; also, resembling a lymphatic gland; adenoid; <as>as, <ex>lymphoid</ex> tissue</as>.</def>

<h1>Lymphoma</h1>
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<hw>Lym*pho"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Lymph</er>, and <er>-oma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A tumor having a structure resembling that of a lymphatic gland; -- called also <altname>lymphadenoma</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Malignant lymphoma</col>, <cd>a fatal disease characterized by the formation in various parts of the body of new growths resembling lymphatic glands in structure.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lymphy</h1>
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<hw>Lymph"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing, or like, lymph.</def>

<h1>Lyn</h1>
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<hw>Lyn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A waterfall. See <er>Lin</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Lyncean</h1>
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<hw>Lyn*ce"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lynx</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the lynx.</def>

<h1>Lynch</h1>
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<hw>Lynch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Lynched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Lynching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See Note under <er>Lynch law</er>.]</ety> <def>To inflict punishment upon, especially death, without the forms of law, as when a mob captures and hangs a suspected person. See <er>Lynch law</er>.</def>

<h1>Lyncher</h1>
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<hw>Lynch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who assists in lynching.</def>

<h1>Lynch law</h1>
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<hw>Lynch" law`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. The act or practice by private persons of inflicting punishment for crimes or offenses, without due process of law.</def>

<note>&hand; The term <i>Lynch law</i> is said to be derived from a Virginian named Lynch, who took the law into his own hands. But the origin of the term is very doubtful.</note>

<h1>Lynde, Lynden</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lynde</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lyn"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Linden</er>.</def>

<h1>Lyne</h1>
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<hw>Lyne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Linen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Lynx</h1>
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<hw>Lynx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lynx</ets>, <ets>lyncis</ets>, Gr. <?/; akin to AS. <ets>lox</ets>, G. <ets>luchs</ets>, prob. named from its sharp sight, and akin to E. <ets>light</ets>. See <er>Light</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Ounce</er> an animal.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of feline animals of the genus <spn>Felis</spn>, and subgenus <spn>Lynx</spn>. They have a short tail, and usually a pencil of hair on the tip of the ears.</def>

<hr>
<page="878">
Page 878<p>

<note>&hand; Among the well-known species are the European lynx (<spn>Felis borealis</spn>); the Canada lynx or loup-cervier (<spn>F. Canadensis</spn>); the bay lynx of America (<spn>F. rufa</spn>), and its western spotted variety (<spn>var. maculata</spn>); and the pardine lynx (<spn>F. pardina</spn>) of Southern Europe.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of the northern constellations.</def>

<h1>Lynx-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Lynx"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having acute sight.</def>

<h1>Lyonnaise</h1>
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<hw>Ly`on`naise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>lyonnaise</ets>, fem. of <ets>lyonnais</ets> of Lyons.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Applied to boiled potatoes cut into small pieces and heated in oil or butter. They are usually flavored with onion and parsley.</def>

<h1>Lyopomata</h1>
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<hw>Ly`o*po"ma*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to loose + <?/, <?/, a lid.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of brachiopods, in which the valves of shell are not articulated by a hinge. It includes the Lingula, Discina, and allied forms.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Lyopoma</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Lyra</h1>
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<hw>Ly"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lyra</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Lyre</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A northern constellation, the Harp, containing a white star of the first magnitude, called <i>Alpha Lyr\'91</i>, <i>or Vega</i>.</def><-- has-member -->

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The middle portion of the ventral surface of the fornix of the brain; -- so called from the arrangement of the lines with which it is marked in the human brain.</def>

<h1>Lyraid</h1>
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<hw>Ly"ra*id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Lyrid</er>.</def>

<h1>Lyrate, Lyrated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ly"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ly"ra*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>lyratus</ets>. See <er>Lyre</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Lyre-shaped, or spatulate and oblong, with small lobes toward the base; <as>as, a <ex>lyrate</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a lyre, as the tail of the blackcock, or that of the lyre bird.</def>

<h1>Lyre</h1>
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<hw>Lyre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>lire</ets>, OF. <ets>lyre</ets>, L. <ets>lyra</ets>, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Lyra</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A stringed instrument of music; a kind of harp much used by the ancients, as an accompaniment to poetry.</def>

<note>&hand; The lyre was the peculiar instrument of Apollo, the tutelary god of music and poetry. It gave name to the species of verse called lyric, to which it originally furnished an accompaniment</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of the constellations; Lyra. See <er>Lyra</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Lyre bat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small bat (<spn>Megaderma lyra</spn>), inhabiting India and Ceylon. It is remarkable for the enormous size and curious shape of the nose membrane and ears.</cd> -- <col>Lyre turtle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the leatherback.</cd></cs>

<h1>Lyre bird</h1>
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<hw>Lyre" bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of two or three species of Australian birds of the genus <spn>Menura</spn>. The male is remarkable for having the sixteen tail feathers very long and, when spread, arranged in the form of a lyre. The common lyre bird (<spn>Menura superba</spn>), inhabiting New South Wales, is about the size of a grouse. Its general color is brown, with rufous color on the throat, wings, tail coverts and tail. Called also <altname>lyre pheasant</altname> and <altname>lyre-tail</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lyric, Lyrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lyr"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lyr"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lyricus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>lyrique</ets>. See <er>Lyre</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a lyre or harp.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fitted to be sung to the lyre; hence, also, appropriate for song; -- said especially of poetry which expresses the individual emotions of the poet.</def> "Sweet <i>lyric</i> song."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Lyric</h1>
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<hw>Lyr"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A lyric poem; a lyrical composition.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A composer of lyric poems.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A verse of the kind usually employed in lyric poetry; -- used chiefly in the <i>plural</i>.</def>

<-- <p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The words of a song.</def>  -->

<h1>Lyrically</h1>
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<hw>Lyr"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a lyrical manner.</def>

<h1>Lyricism</h1>
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<hw>Lyr"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lyric composition.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Lyrid</h1>
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<hw>Ly"rid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of the group of shooting stars which come into the air in certain years on or about the 19th of April; -- so called because the apparent path among the stars the stars if produced back wards crosses the constellation <i>Lyra</i>.</def>

<h1>Lyrie</h1>
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<hw>Ly"rie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>hl<?/ri</ets> a sort of fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European fish (<spn>Peristethus cataphractum</spn>), having the body covered with bony plates, and having three spines projecting in front of the nose; -- called also <altname>noble</altname>, <altname>pluck</altname>, <altname>pogge</altname>, <altname>sea poacher</altname>, and <altname>armed bullhead</altname>.</def>

<h1>Lyriferous</h1>
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<hw>Ly*rif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Lyre</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a lyre-shaped shoulder girdle, as certain fishes.</def>

<h1>Lyrism</h1>
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<hw>Lyr"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>The act of playing on a lyre or harp.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Lyrist</h1>
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<hw>Lyr"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>lyristes</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>lyriste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A musician who plays on the harp or lyre; a composer of lyrical poetry.</def>

<i>Shelley.</i>

<h1>Lysimeter</h1>
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<hw>Ly*sim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a loosing + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the water that percolates through a certain depth of soil.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Lysis</h1>
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<hw>Ly"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The resolution or favorable termination of a disease, coming on gradually and not marked by abrupt change.</def>

<note>&hand; It is usually contrasted with <i>crisis</i>, in which the improvement is sudden and marked; as, pneumonia ends by <i>crisis</i>, typhoid fever by <i>lysis</i>.</note>

<h1>Lyssa</h1>
<Xpage=878>

<hw>Lys"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Lytta</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hydrophobia.</def>

<note>&hand; The plural (<i>Lyss\'91</i>) has been used to signify the pustules supposed to be developed under the tongue in hydrophobia.</note>

<h1>Lyterian</h1>
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<hw>Ly*te"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ healing, fr. <?/ a deliverer, fr. <?/ to loosen.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Termination a disease; indicating the end of a disease.</def>

<h1>Lythe</h1>
<Xpage=878>

<hw>Lythe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European pollack; -- called also <altname>laith</altname>, and <altname>leet</altname>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Lythe</h1>
<Xpage=878>

<hw>Lythe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Lithe</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Soft; flexible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Lythonthriptic, Lythontriptic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Lyth`on*thrip"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Lyth`on*trip"*tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lithontriptic</er>.</def>

<h1>Lytta</h1>
<Xpage=878>

<hw>Lyt"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Lytt\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a worm said to grow under the tongue of dogs, and to cause canine madness, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, lit., madness.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A fibrous and muscular band lying within the longitudinal axis of the tongue in many mammals, as the dog.</def>

<hr>
<page="879">
Page 879<p>

<h1>Maccaboy, Maccoboy</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw><hw>Mac"ca*boy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mac"co*boy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From a district in the Island of Martinique where it is made: cf. F. <ets>macouba</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of snuff.</def>

<h1>Macco</h1>
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<hw>Mac"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gambling game in vogue in the eighteenth century.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Mace</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Mace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Jav. & Malay. <ets>m\'bes</ets>, fr. Skr. <ets>m\'besha</ets> a bean.]</ety> <def>A money of account in China equal to one tenth of a tael; also, a weight of 57.98 grains.</def>

<i>S. W. Williams.</i>

<h1>Mace</h1>
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<hw>Mace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>macis</ets>, L. <ets>macis</ets>, <ets>macir</ets>, Gr. <?/; cf. Skr. <ets>makar</ets>anda the nectar or honey of a flower, a fragrant mango.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of spice; the aril which partly covers nutmegs. See <er>Nutmeg</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; Red <i>mace</i> is the aril of <spn>Myristica tingens</spn>, and <i>white mace</i> that of <spn>M. Otoba</spn>, -- East Indian trees of the same genus with the nutmeg tree.</note>

<h1>Mace</h1>
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<hw>Mace</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>mace</ets>, F. <ets>masse</ets>, from (assumed) L. <ets>matea</ets>, of which the dim.  <ets>mateola</ets> a kind of mallet or beetle, is found.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A heavy staff or club of metal; a spiked club; -- used as weapon in war before the general use of firearms, especially in the Middle Ages, for breaking metal armor.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Death with his <b>mace</b> petrific . . . smote.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A staff borne by, or carried before, a magistrate as an ensign of his authority.</def> "Swayed the royal <i>mace</i>."

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An officer who carries a mace as an emblem of authority.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A knobbed mallet used by curriers in dressing leather to make it supple.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Billiards)</fld> <def>A rod for playing billiards, having one end suited to resting on the table and pushed with one hand.</def>

<cs><col>Mace bearer</col>, <cd>an officer who carries a mace before person in authority.</cd></cs>

<h1>Macedonian</h1>
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<hw>Mac`e*do"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Macedonius</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>Belonging, or relating, to Macedonia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Macedonia.</def></def2>

<h1>Macedonian</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Mac`e*do"ni*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a certain religious sect, followers of <i>Macedonius</i>, Bishop of Constantinople, in the fourth century, who held that the Holy Ghost was a creature, like the angels, and a servant of the Father and the Son.</def>

<h1>Macedonianism</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Mac`e*do"ni*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrines of Macedonius.</def>

<h1>Macer</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Ma"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>massier</ets>. See <er>Mace</er> staff.]</ety> <def>A mace bearer; an officer of a court.</def>

<i>P. Plowman.</i>

<h1>Macerate</h1>
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<hw>Mac"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Macerated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Macerating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>maceratus</ets>, p. p.  of <ets>macerare</ets> to make soft, weaken, enervate; cf. Gr. <?/ to knead.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make lean; to cause to waste away.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To subdue the appetites of by poor and scanty diet; to mortify.</def>

<i>Baker.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To soften by steeping in a liquid, with or without heat; to wear away or separate the parts of by steeping; <as>as, to <ex>macerate</ex> animal or vegetable fiber</as>.</def>

<h1>Macerater</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Mac"er*a`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, macerates; an apparatus for converting paper or fibrous matter into pulp.</def>

<h1>Maceration</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Mac`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>maceratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mac\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of macerating.</def>

<h1>Mach\'91rodus, Machairodus</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw><hw>Ma*ch\'91"ro*dus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ma*chai"ro*dus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ dagger + <?/ tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of extinct mammals allied to the cats, and having in the upper jaw canine teeth of remarkable size and strength; -- hence called <i>saber-toothed tigers</i>.</def>

<h1>Machete</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Ma*che"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A large heavy knife resembling a broadsword, often two or three feet in length, -- used by the inhabitants of Spanish America as a hatchet to cut their way through thickets, and for various other purposes.</def>

<i>J. Stevens.</i>

<h1>Machiavelian</h1>
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<hw>Mach`i*a*vel"ian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Machiavel</ets>, an Italian writer, secretary and historiographer to the republic of Florence.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Machiavel, or to his supposed principles; politically cunning; characterized by duplicity or bad faith; crafty.</def>

<h1>Machiavelian</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Mach`i*a*vel"ian</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adopts the principles of Machiavel; a cunning and unprincipled politician.</def>

<h1>Machiavelism, Machiavelianism</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw><hw>Mach"i*a*vel*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mach`i*a*vel"ian*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>machiav\'82lisme</ets>; It. <ets>machiavellismo</ets>.]</ety> <def>The supposed principles of Machiavel, or practice in conformity to them; political artifice, intended to favor arbitrary power.</def>

<h1>Machicolated</h1>
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<hw>Ma*chic"o*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>machicolatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>machicolare</ets>, <ets>machicollare</ets>. See <er>Machicolation</er>.]</ety> <def>Having machicolations.</def> "<i>Machicolated</i> turrets."

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Machicolation</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Mach`i*co*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>machicolamentum</ets>, <ets>machacolladura</ets>, F. <ets>m\'83chicolis</ets>, <ets>m\'83checoulis</ets>; perh. fr. F. <ets>m\'8ache</ets> match, combustible matter + OF. <ets>coulis</ets>, <ets>couleis</ets>, flowing, fr. OF. & F. <ets>couler</ets> to flow. Cf. <er>Match</er> for making fire, and <er>Cullis</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil. Arh.)</fld> <def>An opening between the corbels which support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, shooting or dropping missiles upen assailants attacking the base of the walls. Also, the construction of such defenses, in general, when of this character. See <i>Illusts</i>. of <er>Battlement</er> and <er>Castle</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of discharging missiles or pouring burning or melted substances upon assailants through such apertures.</def>

<h1>Machicoulis</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Ma`chi`cou`lis"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'83chicoulis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil. Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Machicolation</er>.</def>

<h1>Machinal</h1>
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<hw>Ma*chin"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>machinalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>machinal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to machines.</def>

<h1>Machinate</h1>
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<hw>Mach"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Machinated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Machinating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>machinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>machinari</ets> to devise, plot. See <er>Machine</er>.]</ety> <def>To plan; to contrive; esp., to form a scheme with the purpose of doing harm; to contrive artfully; to plot.</def> "How long will you <i>machinate</i>!"

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Machinate</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Mach"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To contrive, as a plot; to plot; <as>as, to <ex>machinate</ex> evil</as>.</def>

<h1>Machination</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Mach`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>machinatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>machination</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of machinating.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is devised; a device; a hostile or treacherous scheme; an artful design or plot.</def>

<blockquote>Devilish <b>machinations</b> come to naught.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His ingenious <b>machinations</b> had failed.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Machinator</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Mach"i*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who machinates, or forms a scheme with evil designs; a plotter or artful schemer.</def>

<i>Glanvill. Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Machine</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Ma*chine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>machina</ets> machine, engine, device, trick, Gr. <?/, from <?/ means, expedient. Cf. <er>Mechanic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In general, any combination of bodies so connected that their relative motions are constrained, and by means of which force and motion may be transmitted and modified, as a screw and its nut, or a lever arranged to turn about a fulcrum or a pulley about its pivot, etc.; especially, a construction, more or less complex, consisting of a combination of moving parts, or simple mechanical elements, as wheels, levers, cams, etc., with their supports and connecting framework, calculated to constitute a prime mover, or to receive force and motion from a prime mover or from another machine, and transmit, modify, and apply them to the production of some desired mechanical effect or work, as weaving by a loom, or the excitation of electricity by an electrical machine.</def>

<note>&hand; The term <i>machine</i> is most commonly applied to such pieces of mechanism as are used in the industrial arts, for mechanically shaping, dressing, and combining materials for various purposes, as in the manufacture of cloth, etc. Where the effect is chemical, or other than mechanical, the contrivance is usually denominated an <i>apparatus</i>, not a machine; as, a <i>bleaching apparatus</i>. Many large, powerful, or specially important pieces of mechanism are called <i>engines</i>; as, a <i>steam engine</i>, <i>fire engine</i>, <i>graduating engine</i>, etc. Although there is no well-settled distinction between the terms <i>engine</i> and machine among practical men, there is a tendency to restrict the application of the former to contrivances in which the operating part is not distinct from the motor.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any mechanical contrivance, as the wooden horse with which the Greeks entered Troy; a coach; a bicycle.</def>

<i>Dryden. Southey. Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person who acts mechanically or at will of another.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A combination of persons acting together for a common purpose, with the agencies which they use; <as>as, the social <ex>machine</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The whole <b>machine</b> of government ought not to bear upon the people with a weight so heavy and oppressive.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A political organization arranged and controlled by one or more leaders for selfish, private or partisan ends.</def> <mark>[Political Cant]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Supernatural agency in a poem, or a superhuman being introduced to perform some exploit.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<cs><col>Elementary machine</col>, <cd>a name sometimes given to one of the simple mechanical powers. See under <er>Mechanical</er>.</cd> -- <col>Infernal machine</col>. <cd>See under <er>Infernal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Machine gun</col>.<cd>See under <er>Gun.</er></cd> -- <col>Machine screw</col>, <cd>a screw or bolt adapted for screwing into metal, in distinction from one which is designed especially to be screwed into wood.</cd> -- <col>Machine shop</col>, <cd>a workshop where machines are made, or where metal is shaped by cutting, filing, turning, etc.</cd> -- <col>Machine tool</col>, <cd>a machine for cutting or shaping wood, metal, etc., by means of a tool; especially, a machine, as a lathe, planer, drilling machine, etc., designed for a more or less general use in a machine shop, in distinction from a machine for producing a special article as in manufacturing.</cd> -- <col>Machine twist</col>, <cd>silken thread especially adapted for use in a sewing machine.</cd> -- <col>Machine work</col>, <cd>work done by a machine, in contradistinction to that done by hand labor.</cd></cs>

<h1>Machine</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Ma*chine"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Machined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Machining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To subject to the action of machinery; to effect by aid of machinery; to print with a printing machine.</def>

<h1>Machiner</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Ma*chin"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who or operates a machine; a machinist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Machinery</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Ma*chin"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Machine</er>: cf. F. <ets>machinerie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Machines, in general, or collectively.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The working parts of a machine, engine, or instrument; <as>as, the <ex>machinery</ex> of a watch</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The supernatural means by which the action of a poetic or fictitious work is carried on and brought to a catastrophe; in an extended sense, the contrivances by which the crises and conclusion of a fictitious narrative, in prose or verse, are effected.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>machinery</b>, madam, is a term invented by the critics, to signify that part which the deities, angels, or demons, are made to act in a poem.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The means and appliances by which anything is kept in action or a desired result is obtained; a complex system of parts adapted to a purpose.</def>

<blockquote>An indispensable part of the <b>machinery</b> of state.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The delicate inflexional <b>machinery</b> of the Aryan languages.
<i>I. Taylor (The Alphabet).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Machining</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Ma*chin"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the machinery of a poem; acting or used as a machine.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Machinist</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Ma*chin"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>machiniste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A constrictor of machines and engines; one versed in the principles of machines.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One skilled in the use of machine tools.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person employed to shift scenery in a theater.</def>

<h1>Macho</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Ma"cho</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The striped mullet of California (<spn>Mugil cephalus, &or; Mexicanus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Macilency</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Mac"i*len*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Macilent</er>.]</ety> <def>Leanness.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Macilent</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Mac"i*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>macilentus</ets>, fr. <ets>macies</ets> leanness, <ets>macere</ets> to be lean.]</ety> <def>Lean; thin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Macintosh</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Mac"in*tosh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Mackintosh</er>.</def>

<h1>Mackerel</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Mack"er*el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>maquerel</ets>, F. <ets>maquereau</ets>, fr. D. <ets>makelaar</ets> mediator, agent, fr. <ets>makelen</ets> to act as agent.]</ety> <def>A pimp; also, a bawd.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Mackerel</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw>Mack`er*el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>maquerel</ets>, F. <ets>maquereau</ets> (LL. <ets>macarellus</ets>), prob. for <ets>maclereau</ets>, fr. L. <ets>macula</ets> a spot, in allusion to the markings on the fish. See <er>Mail</er> armor.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of the genus <spn>Scomber</spn>, and of several related genera. They are finely formed and very active oceanic fishes. Most of them are highly prized for food.</def>

<note>&hand; The common mackerel (<spn>Scomber scombrus</spn>), which inhabits both sides of the North Atlantic, is one of the most important food fishes. It is mottled with green and blue. The Spanish mackerel (<spn>Scomberomorus maculatus</spn>), of the American coast, is covered with bright yellow circular spots.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Bull mackerel</col>, <col>Chub mackerel</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Chub</er>.</cd> -- <col>Frigate mackerel</col>. <cd>See under <er>Frigate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Horse mackerel</col> . <cd>See under <er>Horse</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mackerel bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the wryneck; -- so called because it arrives in England at the time when mackerel are in season.</cd> -- <col>Mackerel cock</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Manx shearwater; -- so called because it precedes the appearance of the mackerel on the east coast of Ireland.</cd> -- <col>Mackerel guide</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Garfish</er> <sd>(a)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Mackerel gull</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>any one of several species of gull which feed upon or follow mackerel, as the kittiwake.</cd> -- <col>Mackerel midge</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small oceanic gadoid fish of the North Atlantic. It is about an inch and a half long and has four barbels on the upper jaw. It is now considered the young of the genus <spn>Onos</spn>, or <spn>Motella</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Mackerel plow</col>, <cd>an instrument for creasing the sides of lean mackerel to improve their appearance. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Mackerel shark</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the porbeagle.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Mackerel sky</col>, &or; <col>Mackerel-back sky</col></mcol>, <cd>a sky flecked with small white clouds; a cirro-cumulus. See <er>Cloud</er>.</cd></cs>

<blockquote><b>Mackerel sky</b> and mare's-tails
Make tall ships carry low sails.
<i>Old Rhyme.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mackinaw blanket, Mackinaw</h1>
<Xpage=879>

<hw><hw>Mack"i*naw blan"ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mack"i*naw</hw>.<hw><ety>[From <ets>Mackinac</ets>,the State of Michigan, where blankets and other stores were distributed to the Indians.]</ety> <def>A thick blanket formerly in common use in the western part of the United States.</def>

<h1>Mackintosh</h1>
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<hw>Mack"in*tosh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A waterproof outer garment; -- so called from the name of the inventor.</def>

<h1>Mackle</h1>
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<hw>Mac`kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Macle</er>.]</ety> <def>Same <er>Macule</er>.</def>

<h1>Mackle</h1>
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<hw>Mac"kle</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To blur, or be blurred, in printing, as if there were a double impression.</def>

<h1>Macle</h1>
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<hw>Ma"cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>macula</ets> a spot: cf. F. <ets>macle</ets>. Cf. <er>Mackle</er>, <er>Mascle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Chiastolite; -- so called from the tessellated appearance of a cross section. See <er>Chiastolite</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A crystal having a similar tessellated appearance.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A twin crystal.</def>

<h1>Macled</h1>
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<hw>Ma"cled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Marked like macle (chiastolite).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having a twin structure. See <er>Twin</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Mascled</er>.</def>

<h1>Maclurea</h1>
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<hw>Ma*clu"re*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Named from William <ets>Maclure</ets>, the geologist.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of spiral gastropod shells, often of large size, characteristic of the lower Silurian rocks.</def>

<h1>Maclurin</h1>
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<hw>Ma*clu"rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Morintannic</er>.</def>

<-- macrame, n. the art of tying knots in patterns. -->

<h1>Macrame lace</h1>
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<hw>Mac"ra*me lace"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A coarse lace made of twine, used especially in decorating furniture.</def>

<h1>Macrencephalic, Macrencephalous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mac`ren*ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mac`ren*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macro</ets> + <ets>encephalic</ets>, <ets>encephalous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a large brain.</def>

<-- macro (computer programming) [short for macroinstruction] (a) a single instruction in a program which symbolizes, and is replaced by during time of program execution, a series of instructions. (b) a keystroke (or combination of keystrokes) which symbolizes and is replaced by a series of keystrokes. -- a convenient feature of some advanced programs, such as word processors or database programs, which allows a user to rapidly execute any series of operations which may be performed multiple times.  Such macros may typically be defined by the program user, without rewriting or recompiling the program. -->

<h1>Macro-</h1>
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<hw>Mac"ro-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <grk>makro`s</grk>, adj.]</ety> <def>A combining form signifying <i>long</i>, <i>large</i>, <i>great</i>; as <i>macro</i>diagonal, <i>macro</i>spore.</def><-- macromolecule, macrocosm -->

<h1>Macrobiotic</h1>
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<hw>Mac`ro*bi*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ long-lived; <?/ long + <?/ life: cf. F. <ets>macrobiotique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Long-lived.</def>

<i> Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Macrobiotics</h1>
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<hw>Mac`ro*bi*ot"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The art of prolonging life.</def>

<h1>Macrocephalous</h1>
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<hw>Mac`ro*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macro</ets> + Gr. <grk>kefalh`</grk> the head.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a large head.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the cotyledons of a dicotyledonous embryo confluent, and forming a large mass compared with the rest of the body.</def>

<i>Henslow.</i>

<h1>Macro-chemistry</h1>
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<hw>Mac`ro-chem"is*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macro-</ets> + <ets>chemistry</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The science which treats of the chemical properties, actions or relations of substances in quantity; -- distinguished from <i>micro-chemistry</i>.</def>

<h1>Macrochires</h1>
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<hw>Mac`ro*chi"res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.<?/ long + <?/ hand.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of birds including the swifts and humming birds. So called from the length of the distal part of the wing.</def>

<h1>Macrocosm</h1>
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<hw>Mac"ro*cosm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the world: cf. F. <ets>macrocosme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The great world; that part of the universe which is exterior to man; -- contrasted with <i>microcosm</i>, or man. See <er>Microcosm</er>.</def>

<h1>Macrocosmic</h1>
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<hw>Mac`ro*cos"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the macrocosm.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<h1>Macrocystis</h1>
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<hw>Mac`ro*cys"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Macro-</er>, and <er>Cyst</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An immensely long blackish seaweed of the Pacific (<spn>Macrocystis pyrifera</spn>), having numerous almond-shaped air vessels.</def>

<hr>
<page="880">
Page 880<p>

<h1>Macrodactyl</h1>
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<hw>Mac`ro*dac"tyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ long-fingered; <?/ long + <?/ finger: cf. F. <ets>macrodactyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group of wading birds (<spn>Macrodactyli</spn>) having very long toes.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>macrodactyle</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Macrodactylic, Macrodactylous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mac`ro*dac*tyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mac`ro*dac"tyl*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having long toes.</def>

<h1>Macrodiagonal</h1>
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<hw>Mac`ro*di*ag"o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macro-</ets> + <ets>diagonal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The longer of two diagonals, as of a rhombic prism. See <er>Crystallization</er>.</def>

<h1>Macrodome</h1>
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<hw>Mac"ro*dome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macro-</ets> + <ets>dome</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A dome parallel to the longer lateral axis of an orthorhombic crystal. See <er>Dome</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<h1>Macrodont</h1>
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<hw>Mac"ro*dont</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macro-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having large teeth.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A macrodont animal.</def></def2>

<h1>Macrofarad</h1>
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<hw>Mac"ro*far`ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macro-</ets> + <ets>farad</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>See <er>Megafarad</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Macroglossia</h1>
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<hw>Mac`ro*glos"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Macro-</er>, and <er>Glossa</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Enlargement or hypertrophy of the tongue.</def>

<h1>Macrognathic</h1>
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<hw>Mac`rog*nath"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macro-</ets> + <ets>gnathic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anthropol.)</fld> <def>Long-jawed.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Macrology</h1>
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<hw>Ma*crol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>macrologia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ long + <?/ discourse: cf. F. <ets>macrologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Long and tedious talk without much substance; superfluity of words.</def>

<h1>Macrometer</h1>
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<hw>Ma*crom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macro-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for determining the size or distance of inaccessible objects by means of two reflectors on a common sextant.</def>

<h1>Macron</h1>
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<hw>Ma"cron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ long.]</ety> <fld>(Pron.)</fld> <def>A short, straight, horizontal mark [-], placed over vowels to denote that they are to be pronounced with a long sound; as, <i>\'be</i>, in <i>d\'beme</i>; <i>&emac;</i>, in <i>s&emac;am</i>, etc.</def>

<h1>Macropetalous</h1>
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<hw>Mac`ro*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macro-</ets> + <ets>petal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having long or large petals.</def>

<h1>Macrophyllous</h1>
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<hw>Ma*croph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having long or large leaves.</def>

<h1>Macropinacoid</h1>
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<hw>Mac`ro*pin"a*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macro-</ets> + <ets>pinacoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>One of the two planes of an orthorhombic crystal which are parallel to the vertical and longer lateral (macrodiagonal) axes.</def>

<h1>Macropod</h1>
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<hw>Mac"ro*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macro-</ets> + <ets>-pod</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of a group of maioid crabs remarkable for the length of their legs; -- called also <altname>spider crab</altname>.</def>

<h1>Macropodal</h1>
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<hw>Ma*crop"o*dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having long or large feet, or a long stem.</def>

<h1>Macropodian</h1>
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<hw>Mac`ro*po"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A macropod.</def>

<h1>Macropodous</h1>
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<hw>Ma*crop"o*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having long legs or feet.</def>

<h1>Macroprism</h1>
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<hw>Mac"ro*prism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macro-</ets> + <ets>prism</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A prism of an orthorhombic crystal between the macropinacoid and the unit prism; the corresponding pyramids are called <i>macropyramids</i>.</def>

<h1>Macropteres</h1>
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<hw>Ma*crop"te*res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ long + <?/ feather, wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of birds; the Longipennes.</def>

<h1>Macropterous</h1>
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<hw>Ma*crop"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Macropteres</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having long wings.</def>

<h1>Macropus</h1>
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<hw>Mac"ro*pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Macropod</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>genus of marsupials including the common kangaroo.</def>

<h1>Macropyramid</h1>
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<hw>Mac`ro*pyr"a*mid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macro-</ets> + <ets>pyramid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>See <er>Macroprism</er>.</def>

<h1>Macroscopic, Macroscopical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mac`ro*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mac`ro*scop"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to view.]</ety> <def>Visible to the unassisted eye; -- as opposed to <i>microscopic</i>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mac`ro*scop"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Macrosporangium</h1>
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<hw>Mac`ro*spo*ran"gi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Macro-</er>, and <er>Sporangium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A sporangium or conceptacle containing only large spores; -- opposed to <i>microsporangium</i>. Both are found in the genera <spn>Selaginella</spn>, <spn>Isoctes</spn>, and <spn>Marsilia</spn>, plants remotely allied to ferns.</def>

<h1>Macrospore</h1>
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<hw>Mac"ro*spore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macro-</ets> + <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the specially large spores of certain flowerless plants, as <spn>Selaginella</spn>, etc.</def>

<h1>Macrosporic</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mac`ro*spor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to macrospores.</def>

<h1>Macrotone</h1>
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<hw>Mac"ro*tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ stretched out. See <er>Macro-</er>, and <er>Tone</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Pron.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Macron</er>.</def>

<h1>Macrotous</h1>
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<hw>Ma*cro"tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macro-</ets> + Gr. <grk>o"y^s</grk>, gen. <grk>'wto`s</grk>, the ear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Large-eared.</def>

<mhw><h1>Macroura, n. pl., Macroural</h1>
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<hw>Ma*crou"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>, <hw>Ma*crou"ral</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, etc.</mhw> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Macrura</er>, <er>Macrural</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Macrozo\'94spore</h1>
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<hw>Mac`ro*zo"\'94*spore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macro-</ets> + <ets>zo\'94spore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large motile spore having four vibratile cilia; -- found in certain green alg\'91.</def>

<h1>Macrura</h1>
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<hw>Ma*cru"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ long + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A subdivision of decapod Crustacea, having the abdomen largely developed. It includes the lobster, prawn, shrimp, and many similar forms. Cf. <er>Decapoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Macrural</h1>
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<hw>Ma*cru"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Macrurous</er>.</def>

<h1>Macruran</h1>
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<hw>Ma*cru"ran</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Macrura.</def>

<h1>Macruroid</h1>
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<hw>Ma*cru"roid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Macrura</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the Macrura.</def>

<h1>Macrurous</h1>
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<hw>Ma*cru"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Macrura; having a long tail.</def>

<h1>Mactation</h1>
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<hw>Mac*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mactatio</ets>, fr. <ets>macture</ets> to slay, sacrifice.]</ety> <def>The act of killing a victim for sacrifice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mactra</h1>
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<hw>Mac"tra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ kneading trough, fr. <?/ to knead.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any marine bivalve shell of the genus <spn>Mactra</spn>, and allied genera. Many species are known. Some of them are used as food, as <spn>Mactra stultorum</spn>, of Europe. See <cref>Surf clam</cref>, under <er>Surf</er>.</def>

<h1>Macula</h1>
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<hw>Mac"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Macul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., spot, stain, blot. See <er>Mail</er> armor, and cf. <er>Mackle</er>, <er>Macule</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A spot, as on the skin, or on the surface of the sun or of some other luminous orb.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rather large spot or blotch of color.</def>

<h1>Maculate</h1>
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<hw>Mac"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>maculatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>maculare</ets> to spot. See <er>Macula</er>, and cf. <er>Macule</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>To spot; to stain; to blur.</def>

<blockquote><b>Maculate</b> the honor of their people.
<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Maculate</h1>
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<hw>Mac"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>maculatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Marked with spots or macul\'91; blotched; hence, defiled; impure; <as>as, most <ex>maculate</ex> thoughts</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Maculated</h1>
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<hw>Mac"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having spots or blotches; maculate.</def>

<h1>Maculation</h1>
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<hw>Mac"u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>maculatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of spotting; a spot; a blemish.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Maculatory</h1>
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<hw>Mac"u*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing a spot or stain.</def>

<i>T. Adams.</i>

<h1>Maculature</h1>
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<hw>Mac"u*la*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt><def>, Blotting paper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Macule</h1>
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<hw>Mac"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>macule</ets>. See <er>Macula</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A spot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A blur, or an appearance of a double impression, as when the paper slips a little; a mackle.</def>

<h1>Macule</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mac"ule</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>maculer</ets>. See <er>Maculate</er>,<tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>To blur; especially <fld>(Print.)</fld>, to blur or double an impression from type. See <er>Mackle</er>.</def>

<h1>Maculose</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mac"u*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>maculosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to spots upon a surface; spotted; maculate.</def>

<h1>Mad</h1>
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<hw>Mad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs. p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Made</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mad</h1>
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<hw>Mad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Madder</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Maddest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>gem<?/d</ets>, <ets>gem\'bed</ets>, mad; akin to OS. <ets>gem<?/d</ets> foolish, OHG. <ets>gameit</ets>, Icel. <ets>mei<?/a</ets> to hurt, Goth. <ets>gam\'a0ids</ets> weak, broken. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Disordered in intellect; crazy; insane.</def>

<blockquote>I have heard my grandsire say full oft,
Extremity of griefs would make men <b>mad</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Excited beyond self-control or the restraint of reason; inflamed by violent or uncontrollable desire, passion, or appetite; <as>as, to be <ex>mad</ex> with terror, lust, or hatred; <ex>mad</ex> against political reform.</as></def>

<blockquote>It is the land of graven images, and they are <b>mad</b> upon their idols.
<i>Jer. 1. 88.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And being exceedingly <b>mad</b> against them, I persecuted them even unto strange cities.
<i>Acts xxvi. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Proceeding from, or indicating, madness; expressing distraction; prompted by infatuation, fury, or extreme rashness.</def> "<i>Mad</i> demeanor."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote><b>Mad</b> wars destroy in one year the works of many years of peace.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>mad</b> promise of Cleon was fulfilled.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd.).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Extravagant; immoderate.</def> "Be <i>mad</i> and merry." <i>Shak.</i> "Fetching <i>mad</i> bounds." <i>Shak</i>.

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Furious with rage, terror, or disease; -- said of the lower animals; <as>as, a <ex>mad</ex> bull</as>; esp., having hydrophobia; rabid; <as>as, a <ex>mad</ex> dog</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Angry; out of patience; vexed; <as>as, to get <ex>mad</ex> at a person</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Having impaired polarity; -- applied to a compass needle.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Like mad</col>, <cd>like a mad person; in a furious manner; <as>as, to run <ex>like mad<ex>. <i>L'Estrange</i></as>.</cd> -- <col>To run mad</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To become wild with excitement</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To run wildly about under the influence of hydrophobia; to become affected with hydrophobia.</cd> -- <col>To run mad after</col>, <cd>to pursue under the influence of infatuation or immoderate desire. "The world is <i>running mad after<i> farce." <i>Dryden</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mad</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Madded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Madding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make mad or furious; to madden.</def>

<blockquote>Had I but seen thy picture in this plight,
It would have <b>madded</b> me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mad</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be mad; to go mad; to rave. See <er>Madding</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Festus said with great voice, Paul thou <b>maddest</b>.
<i>Wyclif (Acts).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mad</h1>
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<hw>Mad</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ma<?/a</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>made</ets>, Goth. <ets>mapa</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>moth</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An earthworm.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>made</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Madam</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad"am</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Madams</plw>, or <plw>Mesdames</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Madame</er>.]</ety> <def>A gentlewoman; -- an appellation or courteous form of address given to a lady, especially an elderly or a married lady; -- much used in the address, at the beginning of a letter, to a woman. The corresponding word in addressing a man is <i>Sir</i>.</def>

<h1>Madame</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Ma`dame"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mesdames</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F., fr. <ets>ma</ets> my (L. <ets>mea</ets>) + <ets>dame</ets> dame. See <er>Dame</er>, and cf. <er>Madonna</er>.]</ety> <def>My lady; -- a French title formerly given to ladies of quality; now, in France, given to all married women.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mad-apple</h1>
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<hw>Mad"-ap`ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Eggplant</er>.</def>

<h1>Madbrain</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad"brain`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hot-headed; rash.</def> <i>Shak</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A rash or hot-headed person</def>.</def2>

<h1>Madbrained</h1>
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<hw>Mad"brained`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disordered in mind; hot-headed.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Madcap</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad"cap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclined to wild sports; delighting in rash, absurd, or dangerous amusements.</def> "The merry <i>madcap </i> <def>lord."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wild; reckless.</def> "<i>Madcap</i> follies"

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Madcap</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad"cap`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person of wild behavior; an excitable, rash, violent person.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Madden</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Maddened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Maddening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make mad; to drive to madness; to craze; to excite violently with passion; to make very angry; to enrage.</def>

<h1>Madden</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad"den</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become mad; to act as if mad.</def>

<blockquote>They rave, recite, and <b>madden</b> round the land.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Madder</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mader</ets>, AS. <ets>m\'91dere</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>ma<?/ra</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the <spn>Rubia</spn> (<spn>R. tinctorum</spn>). The root is much used in dyeing red, and formerly was used in medicine. It is cultivated in France and Holland. See <er>Rubiaceous</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; Madder is sometimes used in forming pigments, as lakes, etc., which receive their names from their colors; as. <i>madder yellow</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Field madder</col>, <cd>an annual European weed (<spn>Sherardia arvensis</spn>) resembling madder.</cd> -- <col>Indian madder</col> , <cd>the East Indian <spn>Rubia cordifolia</spn>, used in the East for dyeing; -- called also <altname>munjeet</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Wild madder</col>, <cd><spn>Rubia peregrina</spn> of Europe; also the <spn>Galium Mollugo</spn>, a kind of bedstraw.</cd></cs>

<h1>Madderwort</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad"der*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name proposed for any plant of the same natural order (Rubiace\'91) as the madder.</def>

<h1>Madding</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad"ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with madness; raging; furious.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mad"ding*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Archaic]</mark></wordforms>

<blockquote>Far from the <b>madding</b> crowd's ignoble strife.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>madding</b> wheels
Of brazen chariots raged.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Maddish</h1>
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<hw>Mad"dish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat mad.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Made</h1>
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<hw>Made</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mad</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Made</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Made</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Make</er>.</def>

<h1>Made</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Made</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Artificially produced; pieced together; formed by filling in; <as>as, <ex>made</ex> ground; a <ex>made</ex> mast, in distinction from one consisting of a single spar.</as></def>

<cs><col>Made up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Complete; perfect</cd>. "A <i>made up<i> villain." <i>Shak</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Falsely devised; fabricated; <as>as, a <ex>made up<ex> story</as>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>Artificial; <as>as, a <ex>made up<ex> figure or complexion</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Madecass, Madecassee</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw><hw>Mad"e*cass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mad`e*cas"see</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Madagascar, or Madecassee; the language of the natives of Madagascar. See <er>Malagasy</er>.</def>

<h1>Madecassee</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad`e*cas"see</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Madagascar or its inhabitants.</def>

<h1>Madefaction, Madefication</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw><hw>Mad`e*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mad`e*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>madefacere</ets> to make wet; <ets>madere</ets> to be wet + <ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F. <ets>mad\'82faction</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of madefying, or making wet; the state of that which is made wet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Madefy</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad"e*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Madefied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Madefying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mad\'82fier</ets>, L. <ets>madefacere</ets>. See <er>Madefaction</er>.]</ety> <def>To make wet or moist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Madegassy</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad`e*gas"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <def>See <er>Madecassee</er>.</def>

<h1>Madeira</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Ma*dei"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg., the Island Madeira, properly, wood, fr. L. <ets>materia</ets> stuff, wood. The island was so called because well wooded. See <er>Matter</er>.]</ety> <def>A rich wine made on the Island of Madeira.</def>

<blockquote>A cup of <b>Madeira</b>, and a cold capon's leg.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Madeira nut</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the European walnut; the nut of the <spn>Juglans regia</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mademoiselle</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Ma`de*moi`selle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mesdemoiselles</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F., fr. <ets>ma</ets> my, f. of <ets>mon</ets> + <ets>demoiselle</ets> young lady. See <er>Damsel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A French title of courtesy given to a girl or an unmarried lady, equivalent to the English <i>Miss.</i></def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine food fish (<spn>Sci\'91na chrysura</spn>), of the Southern United States; -- called also <altname>yellowtail</altname>, and <altname>silver perch</altname>.</def>

<h1>Madge</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Madge</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. & Prov. F. <ets>machette</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The barn owl.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The magpie.</def>

<h1>Mad-headed</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad"-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wild; crack-brained.</def>

<h1>Madhouse</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house where insane persons are confined; an insane asylum; a bedlam.</def>

<h1>Madia</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Ma"di*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Sp. <ets>madi</ets>, fr. Chilian <ets>madi</ets>, the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of composite plants, of which one species (<spn>Madia sativa</spn>) is cultivated for the oil yielded from its seeds by pressure. This oil is sometimes used instead of olive oil for the table.</def>

<h1>Madid</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>madidus</ets>, fr. <ets>madere</ets> to be wet.]</ety> <def>Wet; moist; <as>as, a <ex>madid</ex> eye</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Beaconsfield</i>.

<h1>Madisterium</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad`is*te"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument to extract hairs.</def>

<h1>Madjoun</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad"joun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind., fr. Ar. <ets>ma'j<?/n</ets>.]</ety> <def>An intoxicating confection from the hemp plant; -- used by the Turks and Hindoos.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>majoun</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Madly</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Mad</er>, <er>a</er>.]</ety> <def>In a mad manner; without reason or understanding; wildly.</def>

<-- intensely: "madly in love" -->

<h1>Madman</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Madmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man who is mad; lunatic; a crazy person.</def>

<blockquote>When a man mistakes his thoughts for person and things, he is mad. A <b>madman</b> is properly so defined.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Madnep</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad"nep</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The masterwort (<spn>Peucedanum Ostruthium</spn>).</def>

<h1>Madness</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Mad"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Mad</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of being mad; insanity; lunacy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Frenzy; ungovernable rage; extreme folly.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Insanity; distraction; derangement; craziness; lunacy; mania; frenzy; franticness; rage; aberration; alienation; monomania. See <er>Insanity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Madonna</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Ma*don"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>madonna</ets> my lady. See <er>Dame</er>, <er>Donna</er>, and cf. <er>Madame</er>, <er>Monkey</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>My lady; -- a term of address in Italian formerly used as the equivalent of <i>Madame</i>, but for which <i>Signora</i> is now substituted. Sometimes introduced into English.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <wordforms>[<plu>pl. <er>Madonnas</er> <tt>(n&adot;z)</tt></plu>.]</wordforms> <def>A picture of the Virgin Mary (usually with the babe).</def>

<blockquote>The Italian painters are noted for drawing the <b>Madonnas</b> by their own wives or mistresses.
<i>Rymer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Madoqua</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Ma"do*qua</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small Abyssinian antelope (<spn>Neotragus Saltiana</spn>), about the size of a hare.</def>

<h1>Madrague</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Ma`drague"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[R.]</ety> <def>A large fish pound used for the capture of the tunny in the Mediterranean; also applied to the seines used for the same purpose.</def>

<h1>Madreperl</h1>
<Xpage=880>

<hw>Ma"dre*perl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>madreperla</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mother-of-pearl.</def>

<hr>
<page="881">
Page 881<p>

<h1>Madrepora</h1>
<Xpage=881>

<hw>Mad`re*po"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Madre<?/ore</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of reef corals abundant in tropical seas. It includes than one hundred and fifty species, most of which are elegantly branched.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mad`re*po"ral</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Madreporaria</h1>
<Xpage=881>

<hw>Mad`re*po*ra"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Madrepore</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive division of Anthozoa, including most of the species that produce stony corals. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Anthozoa</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mad`re*po*ra"ri*an</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Madrepore</h1>
<Xpage=881>

<hw>Mad"re*pore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>madrepore</ets>, perh. fr.  <ets>madr\'82</ets> spotted, fr. OF. <ets>madre</ets>, <ets>mazre</ets>, a kind of knotty wood with brown spots, fr. OHG. <ets>masar</ets> a knot, grain, or vein in wood, a speck, G. <ets>maser + pore</ets> (see <er>Pore</er>); or perh. F. <ets>madr\'82pore</ets> is rather from It. <ets>madrepora</ets>, and this perh. fr. It. <ets>madre</ets> mother (see <er>Mother</er>) + Gr. <?/ a soft stone.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any coral of the genus Madrepora; formerly, often applied to any stony coral.</def>

<h1>Madreporian, Madreporic</h1>
<Xpage=881>

<hw><hw>Mad`re*po"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mad`re*po"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling, or pertaining to, the genus Madrepora.</def>

<cs><col>Madreporic plate</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a perforated plate in echinoderms, through which water is admitted to the ambulacral tubes; -- called also <altname>madreporic tubercule</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Madreporiform</h1>
<Xpage=881>

<hw>Mad`re*po"ri*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Madrepore</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling a madreporian coral in form or structure.</def>

<h1>Madreporite</h1>
<Xpage=881>

<hw>Mad"re*po*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>madr\'82porite</ets>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil coral.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The madreporic plate of echinoderms.</def>

<h1>Madrier</h1>
<Xpage=881>

<hw>Ma*drier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from Sp. <ets>madero</ets>, or Pg. <ets>madeiro</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>madera</ets> wood for building, timber, Pg. <ets>madeira</ets>, L. <ets>materia</ets> stuff, materials, lumber. See <er>Matter</er>.]</ety> <def>A thick plank, used for several mechanical purposes</def>; especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plank to receive the mouth of a petard, with which it is applied to anything intended to be broken down.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A plank or beam used for supporting the earth in mines or fortifications.</def>

<h1>Madrigal</h1>
<Xpage=881>

<hw>Mad"ri*gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>madrigale</ets>, OIt. <ets>madriale</ets>, <ets>mandriale</ets> (cf. LL. <ets>matriale</ets>); of uncertain origin, possibly fr. It <ets>mandra</ets> flock, L. <ets>mandra</ets> stall, herd of cattle, Gr. <?/ fold, stable; hence, <ets>madrigal</ets>, originally, a pastoral song.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little amorous poem, sometimes called a <altname>pastoral poem</altname>, containing some tender and delicate, though simple, thought.</def>

<blockquote>Whose artful strains have oft delayed
 The huddling brook to hear his <b>madrigal</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An unaccompanied polyphonic song, in four, five, or more parts, set to secular words, but full of counterpoint and imitation, and adhering to the old church modes. Unlike the freer glee, it is best sung with several voices on a part. See <er>Glee</er>.</def>

<h1>Madrigaler</h1>
<Xpage=881>

<hw>Mad"ri*gal*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A madrigalist.</def>

<h1>Madrigalist</h1>
<Xpage=881>

<hw>Mad"ri*gal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A composer of madrigals.</def>

<h1>Madrilenian</h1>
<Xpage=881>

<hw>Mad`ri*le"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>Madrileno</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Madrid in Spain, or to its inhabitants.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Madrid.</def></def2>

<h1>Madrina</h1>
<Xpage=881>

<hw>Ma*dri"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., prop., a godmother.]</ety> <def>An animal (usually an old mare), wearing a bell and acting as the leader of a troop of pack mules.</def> <mark>[S. America]</mark>

<h1>Madro\'a4a</h1>
<Xpage=881>

<hw>Ma*dro"\'a4a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>madro\'a4o</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small evergreen tree or shrub (<spn>Arbutus Menziesii</spn>), of California, having a smooth bark, thick shining leaves, and edible red berries, which are often called <i>madro\'a4a apples</i>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>madro\'a4o</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Madwort</h1>
<Xpage=881>

<hw>Mad"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of cruciferous plants (<spn>Alyssum</spn>) with white or yellow flowers and rounded pods. <spn>A. maritimum</spn> is the commonly cultivated sweet alyssum, a fragrant white-flowered annual.</def>

<h1>M\'91gbote, Magbote</h1>
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<hw><hw>M\'91g"bote`</hw>, <hw>Mag"bote`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m\'d6g</ets> kinsman + <ets>b\'d3t</ets> compensation.]</ety> <fld>(Anglo-Saxon Law)</fld> <def>Compensation for the injury done by slaying a kinsman.</def>

<i>Spelman.</i>

<h1>Maelstrom</h1>
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<hw>Mael"strom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Norw., a whirlpool.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A celebrated whirlpool on the coast of Norway.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Also Fig. ; <as>as, a <ex>maelstrom</ex> of vice</as>.</def>

<h1>M\'91nad</h1>
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<hw>M\'91"nad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Maenas</ets>, <ets>-adis</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ to rave.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A Bacchante; a priestess or votary of Bacchus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A frantic or frenzied woman.</def>

<h1>Maestoso</h1>
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<hw>Ma`es*to"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Majestic or majestically; -- a direction to perform a passage or piece of music in a dignified manner.</def>

<h1>Maestricht monitor</h1>
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<hw>Maes"tricht mon"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[So called from <ets>Maestricht</ets>, a town in Holland.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>The <spn>Mosasaurus Hofmanni</spn>. See <er>Mosasaurus</er>.</def>

<h1>Maestro</h1>
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<hw>Ma*es"tro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. L. <ets>magister</ets>. See <er>Master</er>.]</ety> <def>A master in any art, especially in music; a composer.</def>

<h1>Maffle</h1>
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<hw>Maf"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Akin to OD. <ets>maffelen</ets> to stammer. Cf. <er>Muffle</er> to mumble.]</ety> <def>To stammer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Maffler</h1>
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<hw>Maf"fler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stammerer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Magazine</h1>
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<hw>Mag`a*zine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>magasin</ets>, It. <ets>magazzino</ets>, or Sp. <ets>magacen</ets>, <ets>almagacen</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>makhzan</ets>, <ets>almakhzan</ets>, a storehouse, granary, or cellar.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A receptacle in which anything is stored, especially military stores, as ammunition, arms, provisions, etc.</def> "Armories and <i>magazines</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The building or room in which the supply of powder is kept in a fortification or a ship.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A chamber in a gun for holding a number of cartridges to be fed automatically to the piece.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A pamphlet published periodically containing miscellaneous papers or compositions.</def>

<cs><col>Magazine dress</col>, <cd>clothing made chiefly of woolen, without anything metallic about it, to be worn in a powder magazine.</cd> -- <col>Magazine gun</col>, <cd>a portable firearm, as a rifle, with a chamber carrying cartridges which are brought automatically into position for firing.</cd> -- <col>Magazine stove</col>, <cd>a stove having a chamber for holding fuel which is supplied to the fire by some self-feeding process, as in the common base-burner.</cd></cs>

<h1>Magazine</h1>
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<hw>Mag`a*zine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Magazined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Magazining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To store in, or as in, a magazine; to store up for use.</def>

<h1>Magaziner</h1>
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<hw>Mag`a*zin"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who edits or writes for a magazine.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Magazining</h1>
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<hw>Mag`a*zin"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of editing, or writing for, a magazine.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Magazinist</h1>
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<hw>Mag`a*zin"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who edits or writes for a magazine.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Magbote</h1>
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<hw>Mag"bote`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>M\'91gbote</er>.</def>

<h1>Magdala</h1>
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<hw>Mag"da*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Designating an orange-red dyestuff obtained from naphthylamine, and called <i>magdala red</i>, <i>naphthalene red</i>, etc.</def>

<h1>Magdalen</h1>
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<hw>Mag"da*len</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Mary <ets>Magdalene</ets>, traditionally reported to have been the repentant sinner forgiven by Christ. See <ets>Luke</ets> vii. 36.]</ety> <def>A reformed prostitute.</def>

<h1>Magdaleon</h1>
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<hw>Mag*da"le*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ crumb of bread, fr. <?/ to knead.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine in the form of a roll, a esp. a roll of plaster.</def>

<h1>Magdeburg</h1>
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<hw>Mag"de*burg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A city of Saxony.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Magdeburg centuries</col>, <col>Magdeburg hemispheres</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Century</er>, and <er>Hemisphere</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mage</h1>
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<hw>Mage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mage</ets>. See <er>Magi</er>.]</ety> <def>A magician.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Spenser. Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Magellanic</h1>
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<hw>Mag`el*lan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to, or named from, <i>Magellan</i>, the navigator.</def>

<cs><col>Magellenic clouds</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>three conspicuous nebul\'91 near the south pole, resembling thin white clouds.</cd></cs><-- they are smaller than the Milky Way galaxy, but separate from it, and thus are considered the galactic formations nearest to our galaxy, but not part of it.  -->

<h1>Magenta</h1>
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<hw>Ma*gen"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An aniline dye obtained as an amorphous substance having a green bronze surface color, which dissolves to a shade of red; also, the color; -- so called from <i>Magenta</i>, in Italy, in allusion to the battle fought there about the time the dye was discovered. Called also <altname>fuchsine</altname>, <altname>rose\'8bne</altname>, etc.</def><-- now fuschin -->

<-- 2. n. the purpish-red color of magenta -->

<h1>Magged</h1>
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<hw>Magged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Worn; fretted; <as>as, a <ex>magged</ex> brace</as>.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Maggiore</h1>
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<hw>Mag`gio"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It., from L. <ets>major</ets>, compar. of <ets>magnus</ets> great. See <er>Major</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Greater, in respect to scales, intervals, etc., when used in opposition to <i>minor</i>; major.</def>

<i>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</i>

<h1>Maggot</h1>
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<hw>Mag"got</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>macai</ets>, pl. <ets>maceiod</ets>, <ets>magiod</ets>, a worn or grub; cf. <ets>magu</ets> to bread.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The footless larva of any fly. See <er>Larval</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A whim; an odd fancy.</def>

<i>Hudibras. Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Maggotiness</h1>
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<hw>Mag"got*i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being maggoty.</def>

<h1>Maggotish</h1>
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<hw>Mag"got*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of whims or fancies; maggoty.</def>

<h1>Maggot-pie</h1>
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<hw>Mag"got-pie`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A magpie.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Maggoty</h1>
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<hw>Mag"got*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Infested with maggots.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Full of whims; capricious.</def>

<i>Norris.</i>

<h1>Maghet</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ghet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Fl. <ets>maghet</ets> maid.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name for daisies and camomiles of several kinds.</def>

<h1>Magi</h1>
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<hw>Ma"gi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., pl. of <ets>Magus</ets>, Gr. <?/; of Per. origin. Cf. <er>Mage</er>, <er>Magic</er>.]</ety> <def>A caste of priests, philosophers, and magicians, among the ancient Persians; hence, any holy men or sages of the East.</def>

<blockquote>The inspired <b>Magi</b> from the Orient came.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Magian</h1>
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<hw>Ma"gi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Magi.</def>

<h1>Magian</h1>
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<hw>Ma"gi*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Magi, or priests of the Zoroastrian religion in Persia; an adherent of the Zoroastrian religion.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ma"gi*an*ism</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Magic</h1>
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<hw>Mag"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>magique</ets>, L. <ets>magice</ets>, Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), fr. <?/. See <er>Magic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Magi</er>.]</ety> <def>A comprehensive name for all of the pretended arts which claim to produce effects by the assistance of supernatural beings, or departed spirits, or by a mastery of secret forces in nature attained by a study of occult science, including enchantment, conjuration, witchcraft, sorcery, necromancy, incantation, etc.</def>

<blockquote>An appearance made by some <b>magic</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Celestial magic</col>, <cd>a supposed supernatural power which gave to spirits a kind of dominion over the planets, and to the planets an influence over men.</cd> -- <col>Natural magic</col>, <cd>the art of employing the powers of nature to produce effects apparently supernatural.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Superstitious</col>, &or; <col>Geotic</col>, <col>magic</col></mcol>, <cd>the invocation of devils or demons, involving the supposition of some tacit or express agreement between them and human beings.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Sorcery; witchcraft; necromancy; conjuration; enchantment.</syn>

<h1>Magic, Magical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mag"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mag"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>magicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>magique</ets>. See <er>Magi</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the hidden wisdom supposed to be possessed by the Magi; relating to the occult powers of nature, and the producing of effects by their agency.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Performed by, or proceeding from, occult and superhuman agencies; done by, or seemingly done by, enchantment or sorcery. Hence: Seemingly requiring more than human power; imposing or startling in performance; producing effects which seem supernatural or very extraordinary; having extraordinary properties; <as>as, a <ex>magic</ex> lantern; a <ex>magic</ex> square or circle.</as></def>

<blockquote>The painter's <b>magic</b> skill.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Although with certain words <i>magic</i> is used more than <i>magical</i>, -- as, <i>magic</i> circle, <i>magic</i> square, <i>magic</i> wand, -- we may in general say <i>magic</i> or <i>magical</i>; as, a <i>magic</i> or <i>magical</i> effect; a <i>magic</i> or <i>magical</i> influence, etc. But when the adjective is predicative, <i>magical</i>, and not <i>magic</i>, is used; as, the effect was <i>magical</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Magic circle</col>, <cd>a series of concentric circles containing the numbers 12 to 75 in eight radii, and having somewhat similar properties to the magic square.</cd> -- <col>Magic humming bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a Mexican humming bird (<spn>Iache magica</spn>) , having white downy thing tufts.</cd> -- <col>Magic lantern</col>. <cd>See <er>Lantern</er>.</cd> -- <col>Magic square</col>, <cd>numbers so disposed in parallel and equal rows in the form of a square, that each row, taken vertically, horizontally, or diagonally, shall give the same sum, the same product, or an harmonical series, according as the numbers taken are in arithmetical, geometrical, or harmonical progression.</cd> -- <col>Magic wand</col>, <cd>a wand used by a magician in performing feats of magic.</cd></cs>

<h1>Magically</h1>
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<hw>Mag"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a magical manner; by magic, or as if by magic.</def>

<h1>Magician</h1>
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<hw>Ma*gi"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>magicien</ets>. See <er>Magic</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>One skilled in magic; one who practices the black art; an enchanter; a necromancer; a sorcerer or sorceress; a conjurer.</def><-- these days, mostly an entertainer who produces seemingly magical effects by clever illusions; most magicians admit that the craft is mere illusion, rather than a true supernatural art. -->

<h1>Magilp, Magilph</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ma*gilp"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ma*gilph"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>See <er>Megilp</er>.</def>

<h1>Magister</h1>
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<hw>Ma*gis"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Master</er>.]</ety> <def>Master; sir; -- a title of the Middle Ages, given to a person in authority, or to one having a license from a university to teach philosophy and the liberal arts.</def>

<h1>Magisterial</h1>
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<hw>Mag`is*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>magisterius</ets> magisterial. See <er>Master</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a master or magistrate, or one in authority; having the manner of a magister; official; commanding; authoritative. Hence: Overbearing; dictatorial; dogmatic.</def>

<blockquote>When <b>magisterial</b> duties from his home
Her father called.
<i>Glover.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We are not <b>magisterial</b> in opinions, nor, dictator-like, obtrude our notions on any man.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Pretenses go a great way with men that take fair words and <b>magisterial</b> looks for current payment.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Alchem. & Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, produced by, or of the nature of, magistery. See <er>Magistery</er>, 2.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Authoritative; stately; august; pompous; dignified; lofty; commanding; imperious; lordly; proud; haughty; domineering; despotic; dogmatical; arrogant.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Magisterial</er>, <er>Dogmatical</er>, <er>Arrogant</er>. One who is <i>magisterial</i> assumes the air of a master toward his pupils; one who is <i>dogmatical</i> lays down his positions in a tone of authority or dictation; one who is <i>arrogant</i> in sults others by an undue assumption of superiority. Those who have long been teachers sometimes acquire, unconsciously, a manner which borders too much on the <i>magisterial</i>, and may be unjustly construed as <i>dogmatical</i>, or even <i>arrogant</i>.</usage>

<h1>Magisteriality</h1>
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<hw>Mag`is*te`ri*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Magisterialness; authoritativeness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Magisterially</h1>
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<hw>Mag`is*te"ri*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a magisterial manner.</def>

<h1>Magisterialness</h1>
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<hw>Mag`is*te"ri*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being magisterial.</def>

<h1>Magistery</h1>
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<hw>Mag"is*ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>magisterium</ets> the office of a chief, president, director, tutor. See <er>Magistrate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mastery; powerful medical influence; renowned efficacy; a sovereign remedy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A magisterial injunction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Brougham.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A precipitate; a fine substance deposited by precipitation; -- applied in old chemistry to certain white precipitates from metallic solutions; <as>as, <ex>magistery</ex> of bismuth</as>.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Magistracy</h1>
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<hw>Mag"is*tra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Magistracies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[From <er>Magistrate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The office or dignity of a magistrate.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The collective body of magistrates.</def>

<h1>Magistral</h1>
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<hw>Mag"is*tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>magistralis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>magistral</ets>. See <er>Magistrate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to a master; magisterial; authoritative; dogmatic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Commanded or prescribed by a magister, esp. by a doctor; hence, effectual; sovereign; <as>as, a <ex>magistral</ex> sirup</as>.</def> "Some <i>magistral</i> opiate."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Pharmacy)</fld> <def>Formulated extemporaneously, or for a special case; -- opposed to <i>officinal</i>, and said of prescriptions and medicines.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<cs><col>Magistral line</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>the guiding line, or outline, or outline, by which the form of the work is determined. It is usually the crest line of the parapet in fieldworks, or the top line of the escarp in permanent fortifications.</cd></cs>

<h1>Magistral</h1>
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<hw>Mag"is*tral</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A sovereign medicine or remedy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A magistral line.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>Powdered copper pyrites used in the amalgamation of ores of silver, as at the Spanish mines of Mexico and South America.</def>

<h1>Magistrality</h1>
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<hw>Mag`is*tral"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ties</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Magisterialness; arbitrary dogmatism.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Magistrally</h1>
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<hw>Mag"is*tral*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a magistral manner.</def>

<i>Abp. Bramhall.</i>

<h1>Magistrate</h1>
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<hw>Mag"is*trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>magistratus</ets>, fr. <ets>magister</ets> master: cf. F. <ets>magistrat</ets>. See <er>Master</er>.]</ety> <def>A person clothed with power as a public civil officer; a public civil officer invested with the executive government, or some branch of it.</def> "All Christian rulers and <i>magistrates</i>."

<i>Book of Com. Prayer.</i>

<blockquote>Of <b>magistrates</b> some also are supreme, in whom the sovereign power of the state resides; others are subordinate.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Magistratic, Magistratical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mag`is*trat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mag`is*trat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or proceeding from, a magistrate; having the authority of a magistrate.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Magistrature</h1>
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<hw>Mag"is*tra`ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>magistrature</ets>.]</ety> <def>Magistracy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Magma</h1>
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<hw>Mag"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to squeeze, knead.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any crude mixture of mineral or organic matters in the state of a thin paste.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A thick residuum obtained from certain substances after the fluid parts are expressed from them; the grounds which remain after treating a substance with any menstruum, as water or alcohol.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A salve or confection of thick consistency.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<hr>
<page="882">
Page 882<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The molten matter within the earth, the source of the material of lava flows, dikes of eruptive rocks, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The glassy base of an eruptive rock.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The amorphous or homogenous matrix or ground mass, as distinguished from well-defined crystals; <as>as, the <ex>magma</ex> of porphyry</as>.</def>

<h1>Magna Charta</h1>
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<hw>Mag"na Char"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., great charter.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The great Charter, so called, obtained by the English barons from King John, <sc>A. D.</sc> 1215. This name is also given to the charter granted to the people of England in the ninth year of Henry III., and confirmed by Edward I.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, a fundamental constitution which guaranties rights and privileges.</def>

<h1>Magnality</h1>
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<hw>Mag*nal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>magnalis</ets> mighty, fr. <ets>magnus</ets> great.]</ety> <def>A great act or event; a great attainment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Magnanimity</h1>
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<hw>Mag`na*nim"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>magnanimit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>magnanimitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being magnanimous; greatness of mind; elevation or dignity of soul; that quality or combination of qualities, in character, which enables one to encounter danger and trouble with tranquility and firmness, to disdain injustice, meanness and revenge, and to act and sacrifice for noble objects.</def>

<h1>Magnanimous</h1>
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<hw>Mag*nan"i*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>magnanimus</ets>; <ets>magnus</ets> great + <ets>animus</ets> mind. See <er>Magnate</er>, and <er>Animus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Great of mind; elevated in soul or in sentiment; raised above what is low, mean, or ungenerous; of lofty and courageous spirit; <as>as, a <ex>magnanimous</ex> character; a <ex>magnanimous</ex> conqueror.</as></def>

<blockquote>Be <b>magnanimous</b> in the enterprise.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To give a kingdom hath been thought
Greater and nobler done, and to law down
Far more <b>magnanimous</b>an to assume.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dictated by or exhibiting nobleness of soul; honorable; noble; not selfish.</def>

<blockquote>Both strived for death; <b>magnanimous</b> debate.
<i>Stirling.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is an indissoluble union between a <b>magnanimous</b> policy and the solid rewards of public prosperity and felicity.
<i>Washington.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Magnanimously</h1>
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<hw>Mag*nan"i*mous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a magnanimous manner; with greatness of mind.</def>

<h1>Magnase black</h1>
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<hw>Mag"nase black`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>A black pigment which dries rapidly when mixed with oil, and is of intense body.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Magnate</h1>
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<hw>Mag"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[F. <ets>magnat</ets>, L. (pl.) <ets>magnates</ets>, <ets>magnati</ets>, fr. <ets>magnus</ets> great. See <er>Master</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person of rank; a noble or grandee; a person of influence or distinction in any sphere.</def>
<-- used mostly of prominent business executives; an industrial magnate -->

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the nobility, or certain high officers of state belonging to the noble estate in the national representation of Hungary, and formerly of Poland.</def>

<h1>Magnes</h1>
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<hw>Mag"nes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Magnet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Magnesia</h1>
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<hw>Mag*ne"si*a</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Magnesia</ets>, fem. of <ets>Magnesius</ets> of the country Magnesia, Gr. <?/ <?/ <?/ a magnet. Cf. <er>Magnet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A light earthy white substance, consisting of magnesium oxide, and obtained by heating magnesium hydrate or carbonate, or by burning magnesium. It has a slightly alkaline reaction, and is used in medicine as a mild antacid laxative. See <er>Magnesium</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Magnesia alba</col> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Med. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a bulky white amorphous substance, consisting of a hydrous basic carbonate of magnesium, and used as a mild cathartic.</cd></cs>

<h1>Magnesian</h1>
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<hw>Mag*ne"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, characterized by, or containing, magnesia or magnesium.</def>

<cs><col>Magnesian limestone</col>.  <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Dolomite</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Magnesic</h1>
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<hw>Mag*ne"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, magnesium; <as>as, <ex>magnesic</ex> oxide</as>.</def>

<h1>Magnesite</h1>
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<hw>Mag"ne*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>magn\'82site</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native magnesium carbonate occurring in white compact or granular masses, and also in rhombohedral crystals.</def>

<h1>Magnesium</h1>
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<hw>Mag*ne"si*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. & F. See <er>Magnesia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A light silver-white metallic element, malleable and ductile, quite permanent in dry air but tarnishing in moist air. It burns, forming (the oxide) magnesia, with the production of a blinding light (the so-called <i>magnesium light</i>) which is used in signaling, in pyrotechny, or in photography where a strong actinic illuminant is required. Its compounds occur abundantly, as in dolomite, talc, meerschaum, etc. Symbol Mg. Atomic weight, 24.4. Specific gravity, 1.75.</def>

<cs><col>Magnesium sulphate</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Epsom salts</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Magnet</h1>
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<hw>Mag"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>magnete</ets>, OF. <ets>magnete</ets>, L. <ets>magnes</ets>, <ets>-etis</ets>, Gr. <?/ <?/ a magnet, metal that looked like silver, prop., Magnesian stone, fr. Gr. <?/, a country in Thessaly. Cf. <er>Magnesia</er>, <er>Manganese</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The loadstone; a species of iron ore (the ferrosoferric or magnetic ore, <chform>Fe3O4</chform>) which has the property of attracting iron and some of its ores, and, when freely suspended, of pointing to the poles; -- called also <altname>natural magnet</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>Dinocrates began to make the arched roof of the temple of Arsino\'89 all of <b>magnet</b>, or this loadstone.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Two <b>magnets</b>, heaven and earth, allure to bliss,
The larger loadstone that, the nearer this.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A bar or mass of steel or iron to which the peculiar properties of the loadstone have been imparted; -- called, in distinction from the loadstone, an <altname>artificial magnet</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; An artificial magnet, produced by the action of a voltaic or electrical battery, is called an <stype>electro-magnet</stype>.</note>

<cs><col>Field magnet</col> <fld>(Physics & Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a magnet used for producing and maintaining a magnetic field; -- used especially of the stationary or exciting magnet of a dynamo or electromotor in distinction from that of the moving portion or armature.</cd></cs>

<h1>Magnetic, Magnetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mag*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mag*net"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>magneticus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>magn\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the magnet; possessing the properties of the magnet, or corresponding properties; <as>as, a <ex>magnetic</ex> bar of iron; a <ex>magnetic</ex> needle.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to, or characterized by,, the earth's magnetism; <as>as, the <ex>magnetic</ex> north; the <ex>magnetic</ex> meridian.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Capable of becoming a magnet; susceptible to magnetism; <as>as, the <ex>magnetic</ex> metals</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Endowed with extraordinary personal power to excite the feelings and to win the affections; attractive; inducing attachment.</def>

<blockquote>She that had all <b>magnetic</b> force alone.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Having, susceptible to, or induced by, animal magnetism, so called; <as>as, a <ex>magnetic</ex> sleep</as>. See <er>Magnetism</er>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Magnetic amplitude</col>, <col>attraction</col>, <col>dip</col>, <col>induction</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Amplitude</er>, <er>Attraction</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Magnetic battery</col>, <cd>a combination of bar or horseshoe magnets with the like poles adjacent, so as to act together with great power.</cd> -- <col>Magnetic compensator</col>, <cd>a contrivance connected with a ship's compass for compensating or neutralizing the effect of the iron of the ship upon the needle.</cd> -- <col>Magnetic curves</col>, <cd>curves indicating lines of magnetic force, as in the arrangement of iron filings between the poles of a powerful magnet.</cd> -- <col>Magnetic elements</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Chem. Physics)</fld> <cd>Those elements, as iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium, manganese, etc., which are capable or becoming magnetic.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <cd>In respect to terrestrial magnetism, the declination, inclination, and intensity</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See under <er>Element</er>.</cd> -- <col>Magnetic equator</col>, <cd>the line around the equatorial parts of the earth at which there is no dip, the dipping needle being horizontal.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Magnetic field</col>, &or; <col>Field of magnetic force</col></mcol>, <cd>any space through which magnet exerts its influence.</cd> -- <col>Magnetic fluid</col>, <cd>the hypothetical fluid whose existence was formerly assumed in the explanations of the phenomena of magnetism.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Magnetic iron</col>, &or; <col>Magnetic iron ore</col></mcol>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Magnetite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Magnetic needle</col>, <cd>a slender bar of steel, magnetized and suspended at its center on a sharp-pointed pivot, or by a delicate fiber, so that it may take freely the direction of the magnetic meridian. It constitutes the essential part of a compass, such as the mariner's and the surveyor's.</cd> -- <col>Magnetic poles</col>, <cd>the two points in the opposite polar regions of the earth at which the direction of the dipping needle is vertical.</cd> -- <col>Magnetic pyrites</col>. <cd>See <er>Pyrrhotite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Magnetic storm</col> <fld>(Terrestrial Physics)</fld>, <cd>a disturbance of the earth's magnetic force characterized by great and sudden changes.</cd> -- <col>Magnetic telegraph</col>, <cd>a telegraph acting by means of a magnet. See <er>Telegraph</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Magnetic</h1>
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<hw>Mag*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A magnet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>As the <b>magnetic</b> hardest iron draws.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any metal, as iron, nickel, cobalt, etc., which may receive, by any means, the properties of the loadstone, and which then, when suspended, fixes itself in the direction of a magnetic meridian.</def>

<h1>Magnetically</h1>
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<hw>Mag*net"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By or as by, magnetism.</def>

<h1>Magneticalness</h1>
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<hw>Mag*net"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt><def>Quality of being magnetic.</def>

<h1>Magnetician</h1>
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<hw>Mag`ne*ti"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in the science of magnetism; a magnetist.</def>

<h1>Maneticness</h1>
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<hw>Ma*net"ic*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt><def>Magneticalness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Magnetics</h1>
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<hw>Mag*net"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>The science of magnetism.</def>

<h1>Magnetiferous</h1>
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<hw>Mag`net*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>magnes</ets>, <ets>-etis</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing or conducting magnetism.</def>

<h1>Magnetism</h1>
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<hw>Mag"net*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>magn\'82tisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The property, quality, or state, of being magnetic; the manifestation of the force in nature which is seen in a magnet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The science which treats of magnetic phenomena.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Power of attraction; power to excite the feelings and to gain the affections.</def> "By the <i>magnetism</i> of interest our affections are irresistibly attracted."

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<cs><col>Animal magnetism</col>, <cd>a force, more or less analogous to magnetism, which, it has been alleged, is produced in animal tissues, and passes from one body to another with or without actual contact. The existence of such a force, and its potentiality for the cure of disease, were asserted by Mesmer in 1775. His theories and methods were afterwards called <i>mesmerism<i>, a name which has been popularly applied to theories and claims not put forward by Mesmer himself. See <er>Mesmerism</er>, <er>Biology</er>, <er>Od</er>, <er>Hypnotism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Terrestrial magnetism</col>, <cd>the magnetic force exerted by the earth, and recognized by its effect upon magnetized needles and bars.</cd></cs>

<h1>Magnetist</h1>
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<hw>Mag"net*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt><def>One versed in magnetism.</def>

<h1>Magnetite</h1>
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<hw>Mag"net*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An oxide of iron (<chform>Fe3O4</chform>) occurring in isometric crystals, also massive, of a black color and metallic luster. It is readily attracted by a magnet and sometimes possesses polarity, being then called <stype>loadstone</stype>. It is an important iron ore. Called also <altname>magnetic iron</altname>.</def>

<h1>Magnetizable</h1>
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<hw>Mag"net*i`za*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of magnetized.</def>

<h1>Magnetization</h1>
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<hw>Mag`net*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of magnetizing, or the state of being magnetized.</def>

<h1>Magnetize</h1>
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<hw>Mag"net*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Magnetized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>prep. & adv.</tt> <er>Magnetizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>magn\'82tiser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To communicate magnetic properties to; <as>as, to <ex>magnetize</ex> a needle</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To attract as a magnet attracts, or like a magnet; to move; to influence.</def>

<blockquote>Fascinated, <b>magnetized</b>, as it were, by his character.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bring under the influence of animal magnetism.</def>

<h1>Magnetizee</h1>
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<hw>Mag`net*i*zee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person subjected to the influence of animal magnetism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Magnetizer</h1>
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<hw>Mag"net*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, imparts magnetism.</def>

<h1>Magneto-</h1>
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<hw>Mag"net*o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Magnet</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix meaning <i>pertaining to</i>, <i>produced by</i>, or in some way <i>connected with</i>, magnetism.</def>

<h1>Magneto-electric, Magneto-electrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mag`net*o-e*lec"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mag`net*o-e*lec"tric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, electricity by the action of magnets; <as>as, <ex>magneto-electric</ex> induction</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Magneto-electric machine</col>, <cd>a form of dynamo-electric machine in which the field is maintained by permanent steel magnets instead of electro-magnets.</cd></cs>

<h1>Magneto-electricity</h1>
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<hw>Mag`net*o-e`lec*tric"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Electricity evolved by the action of magnets.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That branch of science which treats of the development of electricity by the action of magnets; -- the counterpart of <i>electro-magnetism</i>.</def>

<h1>Magnetograph</h1>
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<hw>Mag*net"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Magneto-</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An automatic instrument for registering, by photography or otherwise, the states and variations of any of the terrestrial magnetic elements.</def>

<h1>Magnetometer</h1>
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<hw>Mag`net*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Magneto-</ets>  + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>magn\'82tom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the intensity of magnetic forces; also, less frequently, an instrument for determining any of the terrestrial magnetic elements, as the dip and declination.</def>

<h1>Magnetometric</h1>
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<hw>Mag`net*o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or employed in, the measurement of magnetic forces; obtained by means of a magnetometer; <as>as, <ex>magnetometric</ex> instruments; <ex>magnetometric</ex> measurements.</as></def>

<h1>Magnetomotor</h1>
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<hw>Mag`net*o*mo"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>A voltaic series of two or more large plates, producing a great quantity of electricity of low tension, and hence adapted to the exhibition of electro-magnetic phenomena.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Magnetotherapy</h1>
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<hw>Mag`net*o*ther"a*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The treatment of disease by the application of magnets to the surface of the body.</def>

<h1>Magnifiable</h1>
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<hw>Mag"ni*fi`a*ble</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Magnify</er>.]</ety> <def>Such as can be magnified, or extolled.</def>

<h1>Magnific, Magnifical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mag*nif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mag*nif"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>magnificus</ets>; <ets>magnus</ets> great + <ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F. <ets>magnifique</ets>. See <er>Magnitude</er>, <er>Fact</er>. and cf. <er>Magnificent</er>.]</ety> <def>Grand; splendid; illustrious; magnificent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>1 Chron. xxii. 5</i>. "Thy <i>magnific</i> deeds." <i>Milton.</i> -- <wordforms><wf>Mag*nif"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Magnificat</h1>
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<hw>Mag*nif"i*cat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., it magnifies.]</ety> <def>The song of the Virgin Mary, <i>Luke i. 46</i>; -- so called because it commences with this word in the Vulgate.</def>

<h1>Magnificate</h1>
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<hw>Mag*nif"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>magnificatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>magnificare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To magnify or extol.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Magnification</h1>
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<hw>Mag`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of magnifying; enlargement; exaggeration.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Magnificence</h1>
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<hw>Mag*nif"i*cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>magnificence</ets>, L. <ets>magnificentia</ets>. See <er>Magnific</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of doing what magnificent; the state or quality of being magnificent.</def> <i>Acts xix. 27</i>. "Then cometh <i>magnificence</i>." <i>Chaucer</i>.

<blockquote>And, for the heaven's wide circuit, let it speak
The Maker's high <b>magnificence</b>, who built
so spacious.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The noblest monuments of Roman <b>magnificence.</b>
<i>Eustace.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Magnificent</h1>
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<hw>Mag*nif"i*cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Magnificence</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Doing grand things; admirable in action; displaying great power or opulence, especially in building, way of living, and munificence.</def>

<blockquote>A prince is never so <b>magnificent</b>
As when he's sparing to enrich a few
With the injuries of many.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Grand in appearance; exhibiting grandeur or splendor; splendid' pompous.</def>

<blockquote>When Rome's exalted beauties I descry
<b>Magnificent</b> in piles of ruin lie.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Glorious; majestic; sublime. See <er>Grand</er>.</syn>

<h1>Magnificently</h1>
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<hw>Mag*nif"i*cent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a Magnificent manner.</def>

<h1>Magnifico</h1>
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<hw>Mag*nif"i*co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Magnificoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It. See Magnific.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A grandee or nobleman of Venice; -- so called in courtesy.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rector of a German university.</def>

<h1>Magnifier</h1>
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<hw>Mag"ni*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, magnifies.</def>

<h1>Magnify</h1>
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<hw>Mag"ni*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Magnified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Magnifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>magnifien</ets>, F. <ets>magnifier</ets>, L. <ets>magnificare</ets>. See <er>Magnific</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make great, or greater; to increase the dimensions of; to amplify; to enlarge, either in fact or in appearance; <as>as, the microscope <ex>magnifies</ex> the object by a thousand diameters</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The least error in a small quantity . . . will in a great one . . . be proportionately <b>magnified</b>.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To increase the importance of; to augment the esteem or respect in which one is held.</def>

<blockquote>On that day the Lord <b>magnified</b> Joshua in the sight of all Israel.
<i>Joshua iv. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To praise highly; to land; to extol.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>O, <b>magnify</b> the Lord with me, and let us exalt his name together.
<i>Ps. xxxiv. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To exaggerate; <as>as, to <ex>magnify</ex> a loss or a difficulty</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To magnify one's self</col> <fld>(Script.)</fld>, <cd>to exhibit pride and haughtiness; to boast.</cd> -- <col>To magnify one's self against</col> <fld>(Script.)</fld>, <cd>to oppose with pride.</cd></cs>

<h1>Magnify</h1>
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<hw>Mag"ni*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have the power of causing objects to appear larger than they really are; to increase the apparent dimensions of objects; <as>as, some lenses <ex>magnify</ex> but little</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have effect; to be of importance or significance.</def> <mark>[Cant & Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<cs><col>Magnifying glass</col>, <cd>a lens which magnifies the apparent dimensions of objects seen through it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Magniloquence</h1>
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<hw>Mag*nil"o*quence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>magniloquentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being magniloquent; pompous discourse; grandiloquence.</def>

<h1>Magniloquent</h1>
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<hw>Mag*nil"o*quent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>magnus</ets> great + <ets>loquens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>loqui</ets> to speak. See <er>Magnitude</er>, <er>Loquacious</er>.]</ety> <def>Speaking pompously; using swelling discourse; bombastic; tumid in style; grandiloquent.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mag*nil"o*quent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Magniloquous</h1>
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<hw>Mag*nil"o*quous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>magniloquus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Magniloquent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Magnitude</h1>
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<hw>Mag"ni*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>magnitudo</ets>, from <ets>magnus</ets> great. See <er>Master</er>, and cf. <er>Maxim</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Extent of dimensions; size; -- applied to things that have length, breath, and thickness.</def>

<blockquote>Conceive those particles of bodies to be so disposed amongst themselves, that the intervals of empty spaces between them may be equal in <b>magnitude</b> to them all.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>That which has one or more of the three dimensions, length, breadth, and thickness.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything of which greater or less can be predicated, as time, weight, force, and the like.</def>

<hr>
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<p><b>4.</b> <def>Greatness; grandeur.</def> "With plain, heroic <i>magnitude</i> of mind."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Greatness, in reference to influence or effect; importance; <as>as, an affair of <ex>magnitude</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>magnitude</b> of his designs.
<i>Bp. Horsley.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Apparent magnitude</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the angular breadth of an object viewed as measured by the angle which it subtends at the eye of the observer; -- called also <altname>apparent diameter</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Magnitude of a star</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the rank of a star with respect to brightness. About twenty very bright stars are said to be of first magnitude, the stars of the sixth magnitude being just visible to the naked eye. Telescopic stars are classified down to the twelfth magnitude or lower. The scale of the magnitudes is quite arbitrary, but by means of photometers, the classification has been made to tenths of a magnitude.</cd></cs>
<-- the difference in actual brightness between magnitudes is now specified as a factor of 2.512, i.e. the difference in brightness is 100 for stars differing by five magnitudes. -->

<h1>Magnolia</h1>
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<hw>Mag*no"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Named after Pierre <ets>Magnol</ets>, professor of botany at Montpellier, France, in the 17th century.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of American and Asiatic trees, with aromatic bark and large sweet-scented whitish or reddish flowers.</def>

<note>&hand; <spn>Magnolia grandiflora</spn> has coriaceous shining leaves and very fragrant blossoms. It is common from North Carolina to Florida and Texas, and is one of the most magnificent trees of the American forest. The sweet bay (<spn>M. glauca</spn>)is a small tree found sparingly as far north as Cape Ann. Other American species are <spn>M. Umbrella</spn>, <spn>M. macrophylla</spn>, <spn>M. Fraseri</spn>, <spn>M. acuminata</spn>, and <spn>M. cordata</spn>. <spn>M. conspicua</spn> and <spn>M. purpurea</spn> are cultivated shrubs or trees from Eastern Asia. <spn>M. Campbellii</spn>, of India, has rose-colored or crimson flowers.</note>

<cs><col>Magnolia warbler</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful North American wood warbler (<spn>Dendroica maculosa</spn>). The rump and under parts are bright yellow; the breast and belly are spotted with black; the under tail coverts are white; the crown is ash.</cd></cs>

<h1>Magnoliaceous</h1>
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<hw>Mag*no`li*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a natural order (<spn>Magnoliace\'91</spn>) of trees of which the magnolia, the tulip tree, and the star anise are examples.</def>

<h1>Magnum</h1>
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<hw>Mag"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Neut. sing. of L. <ets>magnus</ets> great.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large wine bottle.</def>

<blockquote>They passed the <b>magnum</b> to one another freely. <i>Sir W. Scott</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bone of the carpus at the base of the third metacarpal bone.</def>

<h1>Magot</h1>
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<hw>Mag"ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Barbary ape.</def>

<h1>Magot-pie</h1>
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<hw>Mag"ot-pie`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A magpie.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Magpie</h1>
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<hw>Mag"pie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. & Prov. E. <ets>magot pie</ets>, <ets>maggoty pie</ets>, fr. <ets>Mag</ets>, <ets>Maggot</ets>, equiv. to <ets>Margaret</ets>, and fr. F. <ets>Marquerite</ets>, and common name of the magpie. <ets>Marguerite</ets> is fr. L. <ets>margarita</ets> pearl, Gr. <?/, prob. of Eastern origin. See <er>Pie</er> magpie, and cf. the analogous names <er>Tomtit</er>, and <er>Jackdaw</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of the genus <spn>Pica</spn> and related genera, allied to the jays, but having a long graduated tail.</def>

<note>&hand; The common European magpie (<spn>Pica pica</spn>, or <spn>P. caudata</spn>) is a black and white noisy and mischievous bird. It can be taught to speak. The American magpie (<spn>P. Hudsonica</spn>) is very similar. The yellow-belled magpie (<spn>P. Nuttalli</spn>) inhabits California. The blue magpie (<spn>Cyanopolius Cooki</spn>) inhabits Spain. Other allied species are found in Asia. The Tasmanian and Australian magpies are crow shrikes, as the white magpie (<spn>Gymnorhina organicum</spn>), the black magpie (<spn>Strepera fuliginosa</spn>), and the Australian magpie (<spn>Cracticus picatus</spn>).</note>

<cs><col>Magpie lark</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common Australian bird (<spn>Grallina picata</spn>), conspicuously marked with black and white; -- called also <altname>little magpie</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Magpie moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a black and white European geometrid moth (<spn>Abraxas grossulariata</spn>); the harlequin moth. Its larva feeds on currant and gooseberry bushes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Maguari</h1>
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<hw>Ma`gua*ri"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From native name: cf. Pg. <ets>magoari</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American stork (<spn>Euxenara maguari</spn>), having a forked tail.</def>

<h1>Maguey</h1>
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<hw>Mag"uey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>maguey</ets>, Mexican <ets>maguei</ets> and <ets>metl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The century plant, a species of <spn>Agave</spn> (<spn>A. Americana</spn>). See <er>Agave</er>.</def>

<h1>Magyar</h1>
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<hw>Mag"yar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hung.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>One of the dominant people of Hungary, allied to the Finns; a Hungarian.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The language of the Magyars.</def>

<h1>Maha</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of baboon; the wanderoo.</def>

<h1>Mahabarata, Mahabharatam</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ma*ha*ba"ra*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ma*ha*bha"ra*tam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>mah\'bebh\'berata</ets>.]</ety> <def>A celebrated epic poem of the Hindoos. It is of great length, and is chiefly devoted to the history of a civil war between two dynasties of ancient India.</def>

<h1>Mahaled</h1>
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<hw>Ma*ha"led</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[Ar. <ets>mahled</ets>.]</ety> <def>(Bot.) A cherry tree (<spn>Prunus Mahaleb</spn>) of Southern Europe. The wood is prized by cabinetmakers, the twigs are used for pipe stems, the flowers and leaves yield a perfume, and from the fruit a violet dye and a fermented liquor (like kirschwasser) are prepared.</def>

<h1>Maharajah</h1>
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<hw>Ma*ha*ra"jah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>mah\'ber\'beja</ets>; <ets>mahat</ets> great + <ets>r\'beja</ets> king.]</ety> <def>A sovereign prince in India; -- a title given also to other persons of high rank.</def>

<h1>Maharif</h1>
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<hw>Ma`ha*rif"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African antelope (<spn>Hippotragus Bakeri</spn>). Its face is striped with black and white.</def>

<h1>Maharmah</h1>
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<hw>Ma*har"mah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A muslin wrapper for the head and the lower part of the face, worn by Turkish and Armenian women when they go abroad.</def>

<h1>Mahdi</h1>
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<hw>Mah"di</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar., guide, leader.]</ety> <def>Among Mohammedans, the last <i>imam</i> or leader of the faithful. The Sunni, the largest sect of the Mohammedans, believe that he is yet to appear.</def>

<note>&hand; The title has been taken by several persons in countries where Mohammedanism prevails, -- notably by Mohammad Ahmed, who overran the Egyptian Sudan, and in 1885 captured Khartum, his soldiers killing General Gordon, an Englishman, who was then the Egyptian governor of the region.</note>

<h1>Mahl-stick</h1>
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<hw>Mahl"-stick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Maul-stick</er>.</def>

<h1>Mahoe</h1>
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<hw>Ma"hoe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several malvaceous trees (species of <spn>Hibiscus</spn>, <spn>Ochroma</spn>, etc.), and to their strong fibrous inner bark, which is used for strings and cordage.</def>

<h1>Mahogany</h1>
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<hw>Ma*hog"a*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the South American name.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large tree of the genus <spn>Swietenia</spn> (<spn>S. Mahogoni</spn>), found in tropical America.</def>

<note>&hand; Several other trees, with wood more or less like mahogany, are called by this name; as, African mahogany (<spn>Khaya Senegalensis</spn>), Australian mahogany (<spn>Eucalyptus marginatus</spn>), Bastard mahogany (<spn>Batonia apetala</spn> of the West Indies), Indian mahogany (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn> of Bengal, and trees of the genera <spn>Soymida</spn> and <spn>Chukrassia</spn>), Madeira mahogany (<spn>Persea Indica</spn>), Mountain mahogany, the black or cherry birch (<spn>Betula lenta</spn>), also the several species of <spn>Cercocarpus</spn> of California and the Rocky Mountains.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The wood of the <spn>Swietenia Mahogoni</spn>. It is of a reddish brown color, beautifully veined, very hard, and susceptible of a fine polish. It is used in the manufacture of furniture.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A table made of mahogany wood.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>To be under the mahogany</col>, <cd>to be so drunk as to have fallen under the table.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>To put one's legs under some one's mahogany</col>, <cd>to dine with him. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Maholi</h1>
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<hw>Ma*ho"li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South African lemur (<spn>Galago maholi</spn>), having very large ears.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>moholi</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mahomedan, Mahometan</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ma*hom"ed*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ma*hom"et*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mohammedan</er>.</def>

<h1>Mahometanism</h1>
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<hw>Ma*hom"et*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mohammedanism</er>.</def>

<h1>Mahometanize</h1>
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<hw>Ma*hom"et*an*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mahometanized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mahometanizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To convert to the religion of Mohammed; to Mohammedanize.</def>

<h1>Mahometism</h1>
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<hw>Ma*hom"et*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mohammedanism</er>.</def>

<h1>Mahometist</h1>
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<hw>Ma*hom"et*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Mohammedan.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mahometry</h1>
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<hw>Ma*hom"et*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mohammedanism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mahone</h1>
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<hw>Ma*hone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A large Turkish ship.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Mahonia</h1>
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<hw>Ma*ho"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after Bernard Mc<ets>Mahon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The Oregon grape, a species of barberry (<spn>Berberis Aquifolium</spn>), often cultivated for its hollylike foliage.</def>

<h1>Mahon stock</h1>
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<hw>Ma*hon" stock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An annual cruciferous plant with reddish purple or white flowers (<spn>Malcolmia maritima</spn>). It is called in England <altname>Virginia stock</altname>, but the plant comes from the Mediterranean.</def>

<h1>Mahoohoo</h1>
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<hw>Ma*hoo"hoo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The African white two-horned rhinoceros (<spn>Atelodus simus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Mahori</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ho*ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name. Cf. <er>Maori</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>One of the dark race inhabiting principally the islands of Eastern Polynesia. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Mahound</h1>
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<hw>Ma`hound</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A contemptuous name for Mohammed; hence, an evil spirit; a devil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Who's this, my <b>mahound</b> cousin ?
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mahout</h1>
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<hw>Ma*hout"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>mah\'bewat</ets>, Skr. <ets>mah\'bem\'betra</ets>; <ets>mahat</ets> great + <ets>m\'betr\'be</ets> measure.]</ety> <def>The keeper and driver of an elephant.</def> <mark>[East Indies]</mark>

<h1>Mahovo</h1>
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<hw>Ma*ho"vo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A device for saving power in stopping and starting a railroad car, by means of a heavy fly wheel.</def>

<h1>Mahrati</h1>
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<hw>Mah*rat"i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The language of the Mahrattas; the language spoken in the Deccan and Concan.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Marathi</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mahratta</h1>
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<hw>Mah*rat"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>Marhat\'be</ets>, <ets>Marh\'bett\'be</ets>, the name of a famous Hindoo race, from the old Skr. name <ets>Mah\'be-r\'beshtra</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of a numerous people inhabiting the southwestern part of India. Also, the language of the Mahrattas; Mahrati. It is closely allied to Sanskrit.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Mahrattas.</def></def2> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Maratha</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mahumetan, Mahumetanism</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ma*hu"met*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ma*hu"met*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><hw><def>See <er>Mohammedan</er>, <er>Mohammedanism</er>.</def>

<h1>Mahwa tree</h1>
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<hw>Mah"wa tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An East Indian sapotaceous tree (<spn>Bassia latifolia</spn>, and also <spn>B. butyracea</spn>), whose timber is used for wagon wheels, and the flowers for food and in preparing an intoxicating drink. It is one of the butter trees. The oil, known as <i>mahwa</i> and <i>yallah</i>, is obtained from the kernels of the fruit.</def>

<h1>Maia</h1>
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<hw>Ma"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>Maia</ets>, a goddess.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genus of spider crabs, including the common European species (<spn>Maia squinado</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A beautiful American bombycid moth (<spn>Eucronia maia</spn>).</def>

<h1>Maian</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any spider crab of the genus Maia, or family <spn>Maiad\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Maid</h1>
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<hw>Maid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Shortened from <ets>maiden</ets>. <ets><?/</ets>. See <er>Maiden</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An unmarried woman; usually, a young unmarried woman; esp., a girl; a virgin; a maiden.</def>

<blockquote>Would I had died a <b>maid</b>,
And never seen thee, never borne thee son.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Can a <b>maid</b> forget her ornaments, or a bride her attire? Yet my people have forgotten me.
<i>Jer. ii. 32.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A man who has not had sexual intercourse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Christ was a <b>maid</b> and shapen as a man.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A female servant.</def>

<blockquote>Spinning amongst her <b>maids</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Maid</i> is used either adjectively or in composition, signifying <i>female</i>, as in <i>maid</i> child, <i>maid</i>servant.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The female of a ray or skate, esp. of the gray skate (<spn>Raia batis</spn>), and of the thornback (<spn>R. clavata</spn>).</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>Fair maid</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Fair</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>Maid of honor</col>, <cd>a female attendant of a queen or royal princess; -- usually of noble family, and having to perform only nominal or honorary duties.</cd> -- <col>Old maid</col>. <cd>See under <er>Old</er>.</cd></cs>
<-- maid of honor. principal female attendant (if unmarried) of a bride at wedding. (If married, matron of honor.) -->


<h1>Maiden</h1>
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<hw>Maid"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>maiden</ets>, <ets>meiden</ets>, AS. <ets>m\'91gden</ets>, dim. of AS. <ets>m\'91g<?/</ets>, fr. <ets>mago</ets> son, servant; akin to G. <ets>magd</ets>, <ets>m\'84dchen</ets>, maid, OHG. <ets>magad</ets>, Icel. <ets>m\'94gr</ets> son, Goth.  <ets>magus</ets> boy, child, <ets>magaps</ets> virgin, and perh. to Zend. <ets>magu</ets> youth. Cf. <er>Maid</er> a virgin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An unmarried woman; a girl or woman who has not experienced sexual intercourse; a virgin; a maid.</def>

<blockquote>She employed the residue of her life to repairing of highways, building of bridges, and endowing of <b>maidens</b>.
<i>Carew.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>maiden</b> of our century, yet most meek.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A female servant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An instrument resembling the guillotine, formerly used in Scotland for beheading criminals.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A machine for washing linen.</def>

<h1>Maiden</h1>
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<hw>Maid"en</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a maiden, or to maidens; suitable to, or characteristic of, a virgin; <as>as, <ex>maiden</ex> innocence</as>.</def> "Amid the <i>maiden</i> throng."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>Have you no modesty, no <b>maiden</b> shame ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Never having been married; not having had sexual intercourse; virgin; -- said usually of the woman, but sometimes of the man; <as>as, a <ex>maiden</ex> aunt</as>.</def> "A surprising old <i>maiden</i> lady."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fresh; innocent; unpolluted; pure; hitherto unused. "<i>Maiden</i> flowers.'</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Full bravely hast thou fleshed
Thy <b>maiden</b> sword.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Used of a fortress, signifying that it has never been captured, or violated.</def>

<i> T. Warton. Macaulay.</i>

<cs><col>Maiden assize</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>an assize which there is no criminal prosecution; an assize which is unpolluted with blood. It was usual, at such an assize, for the sheriff to present the judge with a pair of white gloves. <i>Smart<i>.</cd> -- <col>Maiden name</col>, <cd>the surname of a woman before her marriage.</cd> -- <col>Maiden pink</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Pink</er>.</cd> -- <col>Maiden plum</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a West Indian tree (<spn>Comocladia integrifolia</spn>) with purplish drupes. The sap of the tree is glutinous, and gives a persistent black stain.</cd> -- <col>Maiden speech</col>, <cd>the first speech made by a person, esp. by a new member in a public body.</cd> -- <col>Maiden tower</col>, <cd>the tower most capable of resisting an enemy.</cd></cs><-- maiden voyage. first regular service voyage of a ship -->

<h1>Maiden</h1>
<Xpage=883>

<hw>Maid"en</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To act coyly like a maiden; -- with <i>it</i> as an indefinite object.</def>

<blockquote>For had I <b>maiden'd</b> it, as many use.
Loath for to grant, but loather to refuse.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Maidenhair</h1>
<Xpage=883>

<hw>Maid"en*hair`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fern of the genus <spn>Adiantum</spn> (<spn>A. pedatum</spn>), having very slender graceful stalks. It is common in the United States, and is sometimes used in medicine. The name is also applied to other species of the same genus, as to the Venus-hair.</def>

<cs><col>Maiden grass</col>, <cd>the smaller quaking grass.</cd> -- <col>Maiden tree</col>. <cd>See <er>Ginkgo</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Maidenhead</h1>
<Xpage=883>

<hw>Maid"en*head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Maidenhood</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being a maiden; maidenhood; virginity.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being unused or uncontaminated; freshness; purity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>maidenhead</b> of their credit.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The hymen, or virginal membrane.</def>

<h1>Maidenhood</h1>
<Xpage=883>

<hw>Maid"en*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m\'91gdenh\'bed</ets>. See <er>Maid</er>, and <er>-hood</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being a maid or a virgin; virginity.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Newness; freshness; uncontaminated state.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>maidenhood</b>
Of thy fight.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Maidenlike</h1>
<Xpage=883>

<hw>Maid"en*like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a maiden; modest; coy.</def>

<h1>Maidenliness</h1>
<Xpage=883>

<hw>Maid"en*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being maidenly; the behavior that becomes a maid; modesty; gentleness.</def>

<h1>Maidenly</h1>
<Xpage=883>

<hw>Maid"en*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a maid; suiting a maid; maiden-like; gentle, modest, reserved.</def>

<blockquote>Must you be blushing ? . . .
What a <b>maidenly</b> man-at-arms are you become !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Maidenly</h1>
<Xpage=883>

<hw>Maid"en*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a maidenlike manner.</def> "<i>Maidenly</i> demure."

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Maidenship</h1>
<Xpage=883>

<hw>Maid"en*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Maidenhood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Maidhood</h1>
<Xpage=883>

<hw>Maid"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m\'91g<?/h\'bed</ets>. See <er>Maid</er>, and <er>-hood</er>.]</ety> <def>Maidenhood.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Maidmarian</h1>
<Xpage=883>

<hw>Maid`ma"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Maid</ets> + <ets>Marian</ets>, relating to <ets>Mary</ets>, or the Virgin <ets>Mary</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The lady of the May games; one of the characters in a morris dance; a May queen. Afterward, a grotesque character personated in sports and buffoonery by a man in woman's clothes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of dance.</def>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Maidpale</h1>
<Xpage=883>

<hw>Maid"pale`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pale, like a sick girl.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Maidservant</h1>
<Xpage=883>

<hw>Maid"serv`ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female servant.</def>

<h1>Maid's hair</h1>
<Xpage=883>

<hw>Maid's" hair`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The yellow bedstraw (<spn>Galium verum</spn>).</def>

<h1>Maieutic, Maieutical</h1>
<Xpage=883>

<hw><hw>Ma*ieu"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ma*ieu"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ midwife.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Serving to assist childbirth.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig. : Aiding, or tending to, the definition and interpretation of thoughts or language.</def>

<i>Payne.</i>

<h1>Maieutics</h1>
<Xpage=883>

<hw>Ma*ieu"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of giving birth (<it>i. e.</it>, clearness and conviction) to ideas, which are conceived as struggling for birth.</def>

<i>Payne.</i>

<h1>Maiger</h1>
<Xpage=883>

<hw>Mai"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The meagre.</def>

<h1>Maigre</h1>
<Xpage=883>

<hw>Mai"gre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Meager</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a fast day or fast; <as>as, a <ex>maigre</ex> day</as>.</def>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<cs><col>Maigre food</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>food allowed to be eaten on fast days.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="884">
Page 884<p>

<h1>Maihem</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Mai"hem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Maim</er>, and <er>Mayhem</er>.</def>

<h1>Maikel</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Mai*kel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American carnivore of the genus <spn>Conepatus</spn>, allied to the skunk, but larger, and having a longer snout. The tail is not bushy.</def>

<h1>Maikong</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Mai*kong"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American wild dog (<spn>Canis cancrivorus</spn>); the crab-eating dog.</def>

<h1>Mail</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Mail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A spot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mail</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Mail</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>maille</ets>, OF. also <ets>maaille</ets>, LL. <ets>medalia</ets>. See <er>Medal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small piece of money; especially, an English silver half-penny of the time of Henry V.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>maile</asp>, and <asp>maille</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rent; tribute.</def> <mark>[Obs., except in certain compounds and phrases, as blackmail, mails and duties, etc.]</mark>

<cs><col>Mail and duties</col> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>, <cd>the rents of an estate, in whatever form paid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mail</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Mail</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>maile</ets>, <ets>maille</ets>, F. <ets>maille</ets> a ring of mail, mesh, network, a coat of mail, fr. L. <ets>macula</ets> spot, a mesh of a net. Cf. <er>Macle</er>, <er>Macula</er>, <er>Mascle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A flexible fabric made of metal rings interlinked. It was used especially for defensive armor.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Chain mail</col>, <col>Coat of mail</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Chain</er>, and <er>Coat</er>.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence generally, armor, or any defensive covering.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A contrivance of interlinked rings, for rubbing off the loose hemp on lines and white cordage.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any hard protective covering of an animal, as the scales and plates of reptiles, shell of a lobster, etc.</def>

<blockquote>We . . . strip the lobster of his scarlet <b>mail</b>.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mail</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Mail</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To arm with mail.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pinion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mail</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Mail</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>male</ets> bag, OF. <ets>male</ets>, F. <ets>malle</ets> bag, trunk, mail, OHG. <ets>malaha</ets>, <ets>malha</ets>, wallet; akin to D. <ets>maal</ets>, <ets>male</ets>; cf. Gael. & Ir. <ets>mala</ets>, Gr. <?/  hide, skin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bag; a wallet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The bag or bags with the letters, papers, papers, or other matter contained therein, conveyed under public authority from one post office to another; the whole system of appliances used by government in the conveyance and delivery of mail matter.</def>

<blockquote>There is a <b>mail</b> come in to-day, with letters dated Hague.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which comes in the mail; letters, etc., received through the post office.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A trunk, box, or bag, in which clothing, etc., may be carried.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<cs><col>Mail bag</col>, <cd>a bag in which mailed matter is conveyed under public authority.</cd> -- <col>Mail boat</col>, <cd>a boat that carries the mail.</cd> -- <col>Mail catcher</col>, <cd>an iron rod, or other contrivance, attached to a railroad car for catching a mail bag while the train is in motion.</cd> -- <col>Mail guard</col>, <cd>an officer whose duty it is to guard the public mails.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Mail train</col>, <cd>a railroad train carrying the mail.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mail</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Mail</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mailed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mailing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deliver into the custody of the postoffice officials, or place in a government letter box, for transmission by mail; to post; <as>as, to <ex>mail</ex> a letter</as>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<note>&hand; In the United States <i>to mail</i> and <i>to post</i> are both in common use; as, to <i>mail</i> or <i>post</i> a letter. In England <i>post</i> is the commoner usage.</note>

<h1>Mailable</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Mail"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admissible lawfully into the mail.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Mailclad</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Mail"clad`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Protected by a coat of mail; clad in armor.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Mailed</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Mailed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Protected by an external coat, or covering, of scales or plates.</def>

<h1>Mailed</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Mailed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Mail</er>.]</ety> <def>Spotted; speckled.</def>

<h1>Mailing</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Mail"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot., fr. <ets>mail</ets> tribute, rent. See 2d <er>Mail</er>.]</ety> <def>A farm.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Mail-shell</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Mail"-shell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A chiton.</def>

<h1>Maim</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Maim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Maimed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Maiming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>maimen</ets>, OF. <ets>mahaignier</ets>, <ets>mehaignier</ets>, <ets>meshaignier</ets>, cf. It. <ets>magagnare</ets>, LL. <ets>mahemiare</ets>, <ets>mahennare</ets>; perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. <ets>mac'ha<?/a</ets> to mutilate, <ets>m\'bec'ha</ets> to crowd, press; or cf. OHG. <ets>mang<?/n</ets> to lack, perh. akin to E. <ets>mangle</ets> to lacerate. Cf.  <er>Mayhem</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deprive of the use of a limb, so as to render a person on fighting less able either to defend himself or to annoy his adversary.</def>

<blockquote>By the ancient law of England he that <b>maimed</b> any man whereby he lost any part of his body, was sentenced to lose the like part.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mutilate; to cripple; to injure; to disable; to impair.</def>

<blockquote>My late <b>maimed</b> limbs lack wonted might.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You <b>maimed</b> the jurisdiction of all bishops.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To mutilate; mangle; cripple.</syn>

<h1>Maim</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Maim</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written in law language <asp>maihem</asp>, and <asp>mayhem</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[OF. <ets>mehaing</ets>. See <er>Maim</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The privation of the use of a limb or member of the body, by which one is rendered less able to defend himself or to annoy his adversary.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The privation of any necessary part; a crippling; mutilation; injury; deprivation of something essential. See <er>Mayhem</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Surely there is more cause to fear lest the want there of be a <b>maim</b> than the use of it a blemish.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A noble author esteems it to be a <b>maim</b> in history that the acts of Parliament should not be recited.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Maimedly</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Maim"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a maimed manner.</def>

<h1>Maimedness</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Maim"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being maimed.</def>

<i>Bolton.</i>

<h1>Main</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Main</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>main</ets> hand, L. <ets>manus</ets>. See <er>Manual</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hand or match at dice.</def>

<i>Prior. Thackeray. </i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stake played for at dice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The largest throw in a match at dice; a throw at dice within given limits, as in the game of hazard.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A match at cockfighting.</def> "My lord would ride twenty miles . . . to see a <i>main</i> fought."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A main-hamper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Main</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Main</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m\'91gen</ets> strength, power, force; akin to OHG. <ets>magan</ets>, Icel. <ets>megin</ets>, and to E. <ets>may</ets>, v. <?/. See <er>May</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Strength; force; might; violent effort.</def> <mark>[Obs., except in certain phrases.]</mark>

<blockquote>There were in this battle of most might and <b>main</b>.
<i>R. of Gl.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He 'gan advance,
With huge force, and with importable <b>main</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The chief or principal part; the main or most important thing.</def> <mark>[Obs., except in special uses.]</mark>

<blockquote>Resolved to rest upon the title of Lancaster as the <b>main</b>, and to use the other two . . . but as supporters.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The great sea, as distinguished from an arm, bay, etc. ; the high sea; the ocean.</def> "Struggling in the <i>main</i>." <i>Dryden</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The continent, as distinguished from an island; the mainland.</def> "Invaded the <i>main</i> of Spain." <i>Bacon</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>principal duct or pipe, as distinguished from lesser ones; esp. <fld>(Engin.)</fld>, a principal pipe leading to or from a reservoir; <as>as, a fire <ex>main</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Forcing main</col>, <cd>the delivery pipe of a pump.</cd> -- <mcol><col>For the main</col>, &or; <col>In the main</col></mcol>, <cd>for the most part; in the greatest part.</cd> -- <mcol><col>With might and main</col>, &or; <col>With all one's might and main</col></mcol>, <cd>with all one's strength; with violent effort.</cd></cs>

<blockquote><b>With might and main</b> they chased the murderous fox.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Main</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Main</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Main</er> strength, possibly influenced by OF.  <ets>maine</ets>, <ets>magne</ets>, great, L. <ets>magnus</ets>. Cf. <er>Magnate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Very or extremely strong.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That current with <b>main</b> fury ran.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Vast; huge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>main</i> abyss."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Unqualified; absolute; entire; sheer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "It's a <i>man</i> untruth." <i>Sir W. Scott</i>.

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Principal; chief; first in size, rank, importance, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Our <b>main</b> interest is to be happy as we can.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Important; necessary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That which thou aright
Believest so <b>main</b> to our success, I bring.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>By main force</col>, <cd>by mere force or sheer force; by violent effort; <as>as, to subdue insurrection <ex>by main force<ex></as>.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>That Maine which <b>by main force</b> Warwick did win.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>By main strength</col>, <cd>by sheer strength; <as>as, to lift a heavy weight <ex>by main strength</ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>Main beam</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>working beam.</cd> -- <col>Main boom</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the boom which extends the foot of the mainsail in a fore and aft vessel.</cd> -- <col>Main brace</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <cd>The brace which resists the chief strain. Cf. <er>Counter brace</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>The brace attached to the main yard.</cd> -- <col>Main center</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>a shaft upon which a working beam or side lever swings.</cd> -- <col>Main chance</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chance</er>.</cd> -- <col>Main couple</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the principal truss in a roof.</cd> -- <col>Main deck</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the deck next below the spar deck; the principal deck.</cd> -- <col>Main keel</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the principal or true keel of a vessel, as distinguished from the false keel.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Principal; chief; leading; cardinal; capital.</syn>

<h1>Main</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Main</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Main</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Very extremely; <as>as, <ex>main</ex> heavy</as>.</def> "I'm <i>main</i> dry." <i>Foote</i>. <mark>[Obs. or Low]</mark>

<h1>Maine</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Maine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the New England States.</def>

<cs><col>Maine law</col>, <cd>any law prohibiting the manufacture and sale of intoxicating beverages, esp. one resembling that enacted in the State of Maine.</cd></cs>

<h1>Main-gauche</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Main`-gauche"</hw> <tt>(m&acr;N`g&omac;sh")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., the left hand.]</ety> <fld>(Ancient Armor)</fld> <def>The dagger held in the left hand, while the rapier is held in the right; -- used to parry thrusts of the adversary's rapier.</def>

<h1>Main-hamper</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Main"-ham`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>main</ets> hand (see <er>Main</er> a hand at dice) + E. <ets>hamper</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hamper to be carried in the hand; a hand basket used in carrying grapes to the press.</def>

<h1>Mainland</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Main"land`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The continent; the principal land; -- opposed to <i>island</i>, or <i>peninsula</i>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>After the two wayfarers had crossed from the peninsula to the <b>mainland</b>.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mainly</h1>
<Xpage=884>

<hw>Main"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>main</ets> strong. See <er>Main</er> strength.]</ety> <def>Very strongly; mightily; to a great degree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon. Shak.</i>

<h1>Mainly</h1>
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<hw>Main"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>main</ets> principal, chief.]</ety> <def>Principally; chiefly.</def>

<h1>Mainmast</h1>
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<hw>Main"mast`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The principal mast in a ship or other vessel.</def>

<h1>Mainor</h1>
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<hw>Main"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Anglo-Norm. <ets>meinoure</ets>, OF. <ets>manuevre</ets>. See <er>Maneuver</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A thing stolen found on the person of the thief.</def>

<note>&hand; A thief was said to be "taken with the <i>mainor</i>," when he was taken with the thing stolen upon him, that is, <i>in his hands</i>.</note>

<i>Wharton. Bouvier. </i>

<h1>Mainpernable</h1>
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<hw>Main"per*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>main</ets> hand + <ets>pernable</ets>, for <ets>prenable</ets>, that may be taken, pregnable. See <er>Mainpernor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Capable of being admitted to give surety by mainpernors; able to be mainprised.</def>

<h1>Mainpernor</h1>
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<hw>Main"per*nor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>main</ets> hand + <ets>pernor</ets>, for <ets>preneor</ets>, a taker, F. <ets>preneur</ets>, fr. <ets>prendre</ets> to take.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A surety, under the old writ of mainprise, for a prisoner's appearance in court at a day.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Mainpernors</i> differ from <i>bail</i> in that a man's <i>bail</i> may imprison or surrender him before the stipulated day of appearance; <i>mainpernors</i> can do neither; they are bound to produce him to answer all charges whatsoever.</note>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Mainpin</h1>
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<hw>Main"pin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Vehicles)</fld> <def>A kingbolt.</def>

<h1>Mainprise</h1>
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<hw>Main"prise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>main</ets> hand + <ets>prise</ets> a taking, fr. <ets>prendre</ets>, p. p. <ets>pris</ets> to take, fr. L. <ets>prehendere</ets>, <ets>prehensum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A writ directed to the sheriff, commanding him to take sureties, called <i>mainpernors</i>, for the prisoner's appearance, and to let him go at large. This writ is now obsolete.</def> <i>Wharton</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Deliverance of a prisoner on security for his appearance at a day.</def>

<h1>Mainprise</h1>
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<hw>Main"prise</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mainprised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr.  & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mainprising</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To suffer to go at large, on his finding sureties, or mainpernors, for his appearance at a day; -- said of a prisoner.</def>

<h1>Mains</h1>
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<hw>Mains</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. See <er>Manse</er>.]</ety> <def>The farm attached to a mansion house.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Mainsail</h1>
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<hw>Main"sail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The principal sail in a ship or other vessel.</def>

<blockquote>[They] hoised up the <b>mainsail</b> to the wind.
<i> Acts xxvii. 40.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The <i>mainsail</i> of a ship is extended upon a yard attached to the mainmast, and that of a sloop or schooner upon the boom.</note>

<h1>Mainsheet</h1>
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<hw>Main"sheet`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of the ropes by which the mainsail is hauled aft and trimmed.</def>

<h1>Mainspring</h1>
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<hw>Main"spring`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principal or most important spring in a piece of mechanism, especially the moving spring of a watch or clock or the spring in a gunlock which impels the hammer. Hence: The chief or most powerful motive; the efficient cause of action.</def>

<h1>Mainstay</h1>
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<hw>Main"stay`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The stay extending from the foot of the foremast to the maintop.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Main support; principal dependence.</def>

<blockquote>The great <b>mainstay</b> of the Church.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mainswear</h1>
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<hw>Main"swear`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m\'benswerian</ets> to forswear; <ets>m\'ben</ets> sin, crime + <ets>swerian</ets> to swear.]</ety> <def>To swear falsely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Maintain</h1>
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<hw>Main*tain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Maintained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Maintaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>maintenen</ets>, F. <ets>maintenir</ets>, properly, to hold by the hand; <ets>main</ets> hand (L. <ets>manus</ets>) + F. <ets>tenir</ets> to hold (L.<ets>tenere</ets>). See <er>Manual</er>, and Tenable.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hold or keep in any particular state or condition; to support; to sustain; to uphold; to keep up; not to suffer to fail or decline; <as>as, to <ex>maintain</ex> a certain degree of heat in a furnace; to <ex>maintain</ex> a fence or a railroad; to <ex>maintain</ex> the digestive process or powers of the stomach; to <ex>maintain</ex> the fertility of soil; to <ex>maintain</ex> present reputation.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To keep possession of; to hold and defend; not to surrender or relinquish.</def>

<blockquote>God values . . . every one as he <b>maintains</b> his post.
<i>Grew.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To continue; not to suffer to cease or fail.</def>

<blockquote><b>Maintain</b> talk with the duke.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To bear the expense of; to support; to keep up; to supply with what is needed.</def>

<blockquote>Glad, by his labor, to <b>maintain</b> his life.
<i>Stirling.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What <b>maintains</b> one vice would bring up two children.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To affirm; to support or defend by argument.</def>

<blockquote>It is hard to <b>maintain</b> the truth, but much harder to be maintained by it.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To assert; vindicate; allege. See <er>Assert</er>.</syn>

<h1>Maintainable</h1>
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<hw>Main*tain"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That maybe maintained.</def>

<h1>Maintainer</h1>
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<hw>Main*tain"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who maintains.</def>

<h1>Maintainor</h1>
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<hw>Main*tain"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>mainteneor</ets>, F. <ets>mainteneur</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crim. Law)</fld> <def>One who, not being interested, maintains a cause depending between others, by furnishing money, etc., to either party.</def>

<i>Bouvier. Wharton. </i>

<h1>Maintenance</h1>
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<hw>Main"te*nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>maintenance</ets>. See <er>Maintain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of maintaining; sustenance; support; defense; vindication.</def>

<blockquote>Whatsoever is granted to the church for God's honor and the <b>maintenance</b> of his service, is granted to God.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which maintains or supports; means of sustenance; supply of necessaries and conveniences.</def>

<blockquote>Those of better fortune not making learning their <b>maintenance</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Crim. Law)</fld> <def>An officious or unlawful intermeddling in a cause depending between others, by assisting either party with money or means to carry it on. See <er>Champerty</er>.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<cs><col>Cap of maintenance</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cap</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Maintop</h1>
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<hw>Main"top`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The platform about the head of the mainmast in square-rigged vessels.</def>

<h1>Main yard</h1>
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<hw>Main" yard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The yard on which the mainsail is extended, supported by the mainmast.</def>

<h1>Maioid</h1>
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<hw>Mai"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Maia</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the genus Maia, or family <spn>Maiade\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Maister</h1>
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<hw>Mais"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Master.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Maister</h1>
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<hw>Mais"ter</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Principal; chief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Maistre, Maistrie, Maistry</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mais"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mais"trie</hw>, <hw>Mais"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mastery; superiority; art. See <er>Mastery</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Maistress</h1>
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<hw>Mais"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mistress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Maithes</h1>
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<hw>Mai"thes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Maghet</er>.</def>

<h1>Maize</h1>
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<hw>Maize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>maiz</ets>. fr. <ets>mahiz</ets> or <ets>mahis</ets>, i<?/ the language of the Island of Hayti.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large species of American grass of the genus <spn>Zea</spn> (<spn>Z. Mays</spn>), widely cultivated as a forage and food plant; Indian corn. Also, its seed, growing on cobs, and used as food for men animals.</def>

<cs><col>Maize eater</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a South American bird of the genus <spn>Pseudoleistes</spn>, allied to the troupials.</cd> -- <col>Maize yellow</col>, <cd>a delicate pale yellow.</cd></cs>

<h1>Majestatic, Majestatal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Maj`es*tat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Maj`es*tat"*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Majestic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Pocock. Dr. J. Scott.</i>

<h1>Majestic</h1>
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<hw>Ma*jes"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Majesty</er>.]</ety> <def>Possessing or exhibiting majesty; of august dignity, stateliness, or imposing grandeur; lofty; noble; grand. "The <i>majestic</i> world." <i>Shak.</i></def> "Tethys'grave <i>majestic</i> pace."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The least portions must be of the epic kind; all must be grave, <b>majestic</b>, and sublime.
<i>Dryden</i></blockquote>.

<syn>Syn. -- August; splendid; grand; sublime; magnificent; imperial; regal; pompous; stately; lofty; dignified; elevated.</syn>

<hr>
<page="885">
Page 885<p>

<h1>Majestical</h1>
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<hw>Ma*jes"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Majestic.</def>

<i>Cowley.</i>

<blockquote>An older architecture, greater, cunninger, more <b>majestical</b>.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ma*jes"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ma*jes"tic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Majesticness</h1>
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<hw>Ma*jes"tic*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being majestic.</def>

<i>Oldenburg.</i>

<h1>Majesty</h1>
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<hw>Maj"es*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Majesties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>magestee</ets>, F. <ets>majest\'82</ets>, L. <ets>majestas</ets>, fr. an old compar. of <ets>magnus</ets> great. See <er>Major</er>, <er>Master</er>.]</ety> <def>The dignity and authority of sovereign power; quality or state which inspires awe or reverence; grandeur; exalted dignity, whether proceeding from rank, character, or bearing; imposing loftiness; stateliness; -- usually applied to the rank and dignity of sovereigns.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord reigneth; he is clothed with <b>majesty</b>.
<i>Ps. xciii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No sovereign has ever represented the <b>majesty</b> of great state with more dignity and grace.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, used with the possessive pronoun, the title of an emperor, king or queen; -- in this sense taking a plural; <as>as, their <ex>majesties</ex> attended the concert</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In all the public writs which he [Emperor Charles V.] now issued as King of Spain, he assumed the title of <b>Majesty</b>, and required it from his subjects as a mark of respect. Before that time all the monarchs of Europe were satisfied with the appellation of <b>Highness</b> or <b>Grace</b>.
<i>Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Dignity; elevation of manner or style.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Majolica</h1>
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<hw>Ma*jol"i*ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A kind of pottery, with opaque glazing and showy, which reached its greatest perfection in Italy in the 16th century.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is said to be derived from Majorca, which was an early seat of this manufacture.</note>

<i>Heyse.</i>

<h1>Major</h1>
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<hw>Ma"jor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[L. <ets>major</ets>, compar. of magnus great: cf. F. <ets>majeur</ets>. Cf. <er>Master</er>, <er>Mayor</er>, <er>Magnitude</er>, <er>More</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Greater in number, quantity, or extent; <as>as, the <ex>major</ex> part of the assembly; the <ex>major</ex> part of the revenue; the <ex>major</ex> part of the territory.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of greater dignity; more important.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of full legal age.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Greater by a semitone, either in interval or in difference of pitch from another tone.</def>

<cs><col>Major axis</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the greater axis. See <er>Focus</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Major key</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a key in which one and two, two and three, four and five, five and six and seven, make major seconds, and three and four, and seven and eight, make minor seconds.</cd> -- <col>Major offense</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an offense of a greater degree which contains a lesser offense, as murder and robbery include assault.</cd> -- <col>Major premise</col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>that premise of a syllogism which contains the major term.</cd> -- <col>Major scale</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the natural diatonic scale, which has semitones between the third and fourth, and seventh and fourth, and seventh and eighth degrees; the scale of the major mode, of which the third is major. See <er>Scale</er>, and <er>Diatonic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Major second</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a second between whose tones is a difference in pitch of a step.</cd> -- <col>Major sixth</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a sixth of four steps and a half step. In major keys the third and sixth from the key tone are major. Major keys and intervals, as distinguished from minors, are more cheerful.</cd> -- <col>Major term</col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>that term of a syllogism which forms the predicate of the conclusion.</cd> -- <col>Major third</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a third of two steps.</cd></cs>

<h1>Major</h1>
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<hw>Ma"jor</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>major</ets>. See <er>Major</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An officer next in rank above a captain and next below a lieutenant colonel; the lowest field officer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person of full age.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>That premise which contains the major term. It its the first proposition of a regular syllogism; as: No unholy person is qualified for happiness in heaven [the major]. Every man in his natural state is unholy [minor]. Therefore, no man in his natural state is qualified for happiness in heaven [conclusion or inference].</def>

<note>&hand; In hypothetical syllogisms, the hypothetical premise is called the <i>major</i>.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[LL. See <er>Major</er>.]</ety> <def>A mayor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Majorat</h1>
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<hw>Ma`jo`rat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>majorat</ets>, LL. <ets>majoratus</ets>. See <er>Major</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Majorate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The right of succession to property according to age; -- so termed in some of the countries of continental Europe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(French Law)</fld> <def>Property, landed or funded, so attached to a title of honor as to descend with it.</def>

<h1>Majorate</h1>
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<hw>Ma"jor*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or rank of a major.</def>

<h1>Majorate</h1>
<Xpage=885>

<hw>Ma"jor*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>majorare</ets> to augment. See <er>Major</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To augment; to increase.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Majoration</h1>
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<hw>Ma`jor*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Increase; enlargement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Majorcan</h1>
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<hw>Ma*jor"can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Majorca.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Majorca.</def></def2>

<h1>Major-domo</h1>
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<hw>Ma`jor-do"mo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>mayordomo</ets>, or It. <ets>maggiordomo</ets>; both fr. LL. <ets>majordomus</ets>; L. <ets>major</ets> greater + <ets>domus</ets> house.]</ety> <def>A man who has authority to act, within certain limits, as master of the house; a steward; also, a chief minister or officer.</def>

<h1>Major general</h1>
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<hw>Ma"jor gen"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. An officer of the army holding a rank next above that of brigadier general and next below that of lieutenant general, and who usually commands a division or a corps.</def>

<h1>Majority</h1>
<Xpage=885>

<hw>Ma*jor"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Majorities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>majorit\'82</ets>. See <er>Major</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or condition of being major or greater; superiority.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The military rank of a major</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The condition of being of full age, or authorized by law to manage one's own affairs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The greater number; more than half; <as>as, a <ex>majority</ex> of mankind; a <ex>majority</ex> of the votes cast.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>majores</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ancestors; ancestry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The amount or number by which one aggregate exceeds all other aggregates with which it is contrasted; especially, the number by which the votes for a successful candidate exceed those for all other candidates; <as>as, he is elected by a <ex>majority</ex> of five hundred votes</as>. See <er>Plurality</er>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To go over to, &or; To join</col>, <col>the majority</col></mcol>, <cd>to die.</cd></cs>

<h1>Majorship</h1>
<Xpage=885>

<hw>Ma"jor*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of major.</def>

<h1>Majoun</h1>
<Xpage=885>

<hw>Maj"oun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Madjoun</er>.</def>

<h1>Majuscul\'91</h1>
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<hw>Ma*jus"cu*l\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fem. pl. fr. <ets>majusculus</ets> somewhat greater or great, dim. of <ets>major</ets>, <ets>majus</ets>. See <er>Major</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Pal\'91ography)</fld> <def>Capital letters, as found in manuscripts of the sixth century and earlier.</def>

<h1>Majuscule</h1>
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<hw>Ma*jus"cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>majuscule</ets>. See <er>Majuscul\'91</er>.]</ety> <def>A capital letter; especially, one used in ancient manuscripts. See <er>Majuscul\'91</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Majuscule writing</col>, <cd>writing composed wholly of capital letters, especially the style which prevailed in Europe from the third to the sixth century.</cd></cs>

<h1>Makable</h1>
<Xpage=885>

<hw>Mak"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being made.</def>

<h1>Makaron</h1>
<Xpage=885>

<hw>Mak"a*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Macaroon</er>, 2.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Make</h1>
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<hw>Make</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>maca</ets>, <ets>gemaca</ets>. See <er>Match</er>.]</ety> <def>A companion; a mate; often, a husband or a wife.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For in this world no woman is
Worthy to be my <b>make</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Make</h1>
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<hw>Make</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Made</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Making</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>maken</ets>, <ets>makien</ets>, AS. <ets>macian</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>mak<?/n</ets>, OFries. <ets>makia</ets>, D. <ets>maken</ets>, G. <ets>machen</ets>, OHG. <ets>mahh<?/n</ets> to join, fit, prepare, make, Dan. <ets>mage</ets>. Cf. <er>Match</er> an equal.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to exist; to bring into being; to form; to produce; to frame; to fashion; to create.</def> Hence, in various specific uses or applications: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To form of materials; to cause to exist in a certain form; to construct; to fabricate.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had <b>made</b> it a molten calf.
<i>Ex. xxxii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To produce, as something artificial, unnatural, or false; -- often with <i>up</i>; as, to <i>make</i> up a story</def>.

<blockquote>And Art, with her contending, doth aspire
To excel the natural with <b>made</b> delights.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To bring about; to bring forward; to be the cause or agent of; to effect, do, perform, or execute; -- often used with a noun to form a phrase equivalent to the simple verb that corresponds to such noun; as, to <i>make</i> complaint, for to complain; to <i>make</i> record of, for to record; to <i>make</i> abode, for to abide, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Call for Samson, that he may <b>make</b> us sport.
<i>Judg. xvi. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wealth <b>maketh</b> many friends.
<i>Prov. xix. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will neither plead my age nor sickness in excuse of the faults which I have <b>made</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>To execute with the requisite formalities; as, to <i>make</i> a bill, note, will, deed, etc. </def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>To gain, as the result of one's efforts; to get, as profit; to make acquisition of; to have accrue or happen to one; <as>as, to <ex>make</ex> a large profit; to <ex>make</ex> an error; to <ex>make</ex> a loss; to <ex>make</ex> money</as></def>.

<blockquote>He accuseth Neptune unjustly who <b>makes</b> shipwreck a second time.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(f)</sd> <def>To find, as the result of calculation or computation; to ascertain by enumeration; to find the number or amount of, by reckoning, weighing, measurement, and the like; as, he <i>made</i> the distance of; to travel over; <as>as, the ship <ex>makes</ex> ten knots an hour; he <ex>made</ex> the distance in one day</as></def>. <sd>(h)</sd> <def>To put a desired or desirable condition; to cause to thrive</def>.

<blockquote>Who <b>makes</b> or ruins with a smile or frown.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to be or become; to put into a given state verb, or adjective; to constitute; <as>as, to <ex>make</ex> known; to <ex>make</ex> public; to <ex>make</ex> fast.</as></def>

<blockquote>Who <b>made</b> thee a prince and a judge over us?
<i>Ex. ii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>See, I have <b>made</b> thee a god to Pharaoh.
<i>Ex. vii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; When used reflexively with an adjective, the reflexive pronoun is often omitted; as, to <i>make</i> merry; to <i>make</i> bold; to <i>make</i> free, etc.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to appear to be; to constitute subjectively; to esteem, suppose, or represent.</def>

<blockquote>He is not that goose and ass that Valla would <b>make</b> him.
<i>Baker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To require; to constrain; to compel; to force; to cause; to occasion; -- followed by a noun or pronoun and infinitive.</def>

<note>&hand; In the active voice the <i>to</i> of the infinitive is usually omitted.</note>

<blockquote>I will <b>make</b> them hear my words.
<i>Deut. iv. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They should be <b>made</b> to rise at their early hour.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To become; to be, or to be capable of being, changed or fashioned into; to do the part or office of; to furnish the material for; <as>as, he will <ex>make</ex> a good musician; sweet cider <ex>makes</ex> sour vinegar; wool <ex>makes</ex> warm clothing.</as></def>

<blockquote>And old cloak <b>makes</b> a new jerkin.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To compose, as parts, ingredients, or materials; to constitute; to form; to amount to.</def>

<blockquote>The heaven, the air, the earth, and boundless sea,
<b>Make</b> but one temple for the Deity.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To be engaged or concerned in.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Gomez, what <b>makest</b> thou here, with a whole brotherhood of city bailiffs?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To reach; to attain; to arrive at or in sight of.</def> "And <i>make</i> the Libyan shores."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>They that sail in the middle can <b>make</b> no land of either side.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To make a bed</col>, <cd>to prepare a bed for being slept on, or to put it in order.</cd> -- <col>To make a card</col> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld>, <cd>to take a trick with it.</cd> -- <col>To make account</col>. <cd>See under <er>Account</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>To make account of</col>, <cd>to esteem; to regard.</cd> -- <col>To make away</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To put out of the way; to kill; to destroy</cd>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd>

<blockquote>If a child were crooked or deformed in body or mind, they <b>made</b> him <b>away</b>.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To alienate; to transfer; to make over.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Waller</i>. -- <col>To make believe</col>, <cd>to pretend; to feign; to simulate.</cd> -- <col>To make bold</col>, <cd>to take the liberty; to venture.</cd> -- <col>To make the cards</col> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld>, <cd>to shuffle the pack.</cd> -- <col>To make choice of</col>, <cd>to take by way of preference; to choose.</cd> -- <col>To make danger</col>, <cd>to make experiment. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Beau. & Fl</i>.</cd> -- <col>To make default</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to fail to appear or answer.</cd> -- <col>To make the doors</col>, <cd>to shut the door. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd>

<blockquote><b>Make the doors</b> upon a woman's wit, and it will out at the casement.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

- <col>To make free with</col>. <cd>See under <er>Free</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>To make good</col>. <cd>See under <er>Good</er>.</cd> -- <col>To make head</col>, <cd>to make headway.</cd> -- <col>To make light of</col>. <cd>See under <er>Light</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>To make little of</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To belittle.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To accomplish easily.</cd> -- <col>To make love to</col>. <cd>See under <er>Love</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>To make meat</col>, <cd>to cure meat in the open air. <mark>[Colloq. Western U. S.</cd>]</mark> -- <col>To make merry</col>, <cd>to feast; to be joyful or jovial.</cd> -- <col>To make much of</col>, <cd>to treat with much consideration,, attention, or fondness; to value highly.</cd> -- <col>To make no bones</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bone</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>To make no difference</col>, <cd>to have no weight or influence; to be a matter of indifference.</cd> -- <col>To make no doubt</col>, <cd>to have no doubt.</cd> -- <col>To make no matter</col>, <cd>to have no weight or importance; to make no difference.</cd> -- <col>To make oath</col> <sd>(Law)</sd>, <cd>to swear, as to the truth of something, in a prescribed form of law.</cd> -- <col>To make of</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To understand or think concerning; <as>as, not to know what <ex>to make of</ex> the news</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To pay attention to; to cherish; to esteem; to account</cd>. "<i>Makes</i> she no more <i>of</i> me than <i>of</i> a slave." <i>Dryden</i>.</cd> -- <col>To make one's law</col> <fld>(Old Law)</fld>, <cd>to adduce proof to clear one's self of a charge.</cd> -- <col>To make out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To find out; to discover; to decipher; <as>as, <ex>to make out</ex> the meaning of a letter</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To prove; to establish; <as>as, the plaintiff was unable <ex>to make</ex> out his case</as></cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To make complete or exact; <as>as, he was not able <ex>to make out</ex> the money</as>.</cd> -- <col>To make over</col>, <cd>to transfer the title of; to convey; to alienate; <as>as, he <ex>made over</ex> his estate in trust or in fee</as>.</cd> -- <col>To make sail</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To increase the quantity of sail already extended</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To set sail.</cd> -- <col>To make shift</col>, <cd>to manage by expedients; <as>as, they <ex>made shift</ex> to do without it. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></as>.</cd> -- <col>To make sternway</col>, <cd>to move with the stern foremost; to go or drift backward.</cd> -- <col>To make strange</col>, <cd>to act in an unfriendly manner or as if surprised; to treat as strange; <as>as, <ex>to make strange</ex> of a request or suggestion</as>.</cd> -- <col>To make suit to</col>, <cd>to endeavor to gain the favor of; to court.</cd> -- <col>To make sure</col>. <cd>See under <er>Sure</er>.</cd> -- <col>To make up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To collect into a sum or mass; <as>as, <ex>to make up</ex> the amount of rent; <ex>to make up</ex> a bundle or package</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To reconcile; to compose; as, <i>to make up</i> a difference or quarrel</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To supply what is wanting in; to complete; <as>as, a dollar is wanted <ex>to make up</ex> the stipulated sum</as></cd>. <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To compose, as from ingredients or parts; to shape, prepare, or fabricate; as, <i>to make up</i> a mass into pills; <i>to make up</i> a story.</cd>

<blockquote>He was all <b>made up</b> of love and charms!
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To compensate; to make good; as, <i>to make up</i> a loss.</cd> <sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To adjust, or to arrange for settlement; <as>as, <ex>to make up</ex> accounts</as></cd>. <sd>(g)</sd> <cd>To dress and paint for a part, as an actor; <as>as, he was well <ex>made up</ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>To make up a face</col>, <cd>to distort the face as an expression of pain or derision.</cd> -- <col>To make up one's mind</col>, <cd>to reach a mental determination; to resolve.</cd> -- <col>To make water</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To leak.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To urinate</cd>. -- <mcol><col>To make way</col>, &or;  <col>To make one's way</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To make progress; to advance.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To open a passage; to clear the way</cd>. -- <col>To make words</col>, <cd>to multiply words.</cd></cs>

<h1>Make</h1>
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<hw>Make</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To act in a certain manner; to have to do; to manage; to interfere; to be active; -- often in the phrase <i>to meddle or make</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A scurvy, jack-a-nape priest to meddle or <b>make</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To proceed; to tend; to move; to go; <as>as, he <ex>made toward home</ex>; <ex>the tiger made</ex> at the sportsmen.</as></def>

<note>&hand; Formerly, authors used <i>to make on</i>, <i>to make forth</i>, <i>to make about</i>; but these phrases are obsolete. We now say, <i>to make at</i>, <i>to make away</i>, <i>to make for</i>, <i>to make off</i>, <i>to make toward</i>, etc.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To tend; to contribute; to have effect; -- with <i>for</i> or <i>against</i>; <as>as, it <ex>makes</ex> for his advantage</as>.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<blockquote>Follow after the things which <b>make</b> for peace.
<i>Rom. xiv. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Considerations infinite
Do <b>make</b> against it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To increase; to augment; to accrue.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To compose verses; to write poetry; to versify.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>To solace him some time, as I do when I <b>make</b>.
<i>P. Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To make as if</col>, &or; <col>To make as though</col></mcol>, <cd>to pretend that; to make show that; to make believe (see under <er>Make</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>).</cd>

<blockquote>Joshua and all Israel <b>made as if</b> they were beaten before them, and fled.
<i>Josh. viii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My lord of London <b>maketh as though</b> he were greatly displeased with me.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To make at</col>, <cd>to go toward hastily, or in a hostile manner; to attack.</cd> -- <col>To make away with</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To carry off.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To transfer or alienate; hence, to spend; to dissipate</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To kill; to destroy.</cd> -- <col>To make off</col>, <cd>to go away suddenly.</cd> -- <col>To make out</col>, <cd>to succeed; to be able at last; to make shift; <as>as, he <ex>made out</ex> to reconcile the contending parties</as>.</cd> -- <col>To make up</col>, <cd>to become reconciled or friendly.</cd> -- <col>To make up for</col>, <cd>to compensate for; to supply an equivalent for.</cd> -- <col>To make up to</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To approach; <as>as, a suspicious boat <ex>made up to</ex> us</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To pay addresses to; to make love to.</cd> -- <col>To make up with</col>, <cd>to become reconciled to.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To make with</col>, <cd>to concur or agree with. <i>Hooker</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Make</h1>
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<hw>Make</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Structure, texture, constitution of parts; construction; shape; form.</def>

<blockquote>It our perfection of so frail a <b>make</b>
As every plot can undermine and shake?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>On the make</col>,<cd>bent upon making great profits; greedy of gain. <mark>[Low, U. S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Makebate</h1>
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<hw>Make"bate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Make</ets>, v. + <ets>bate</ets> a quarrel.]</ety> <def>One who excites contentions and quarrels.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Make-belief</h1>
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<hw>Make"-be*lief`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A feigning to believe; make believe.</def>

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<h1>Make-believe</h1>
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<hw>Make"-be*lieve`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A feigning to believe, as in the play of children; a mere pretense; a fiction; an invention.</def> "Childlike <i>make-believe</i>."

<i>Tylor.</i>

<blockquote>To forswear self-delusion and <b>make-believe</b>.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Make-believe</h1>
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<hw>Make"-be*lieve`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Feigned; insincere.</def> "<i>Make-believe</i> reverence."<-- imaginary -->

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Maked</h1>
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<hw>Mak"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <mord><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Make</er></mord>. <def>Made.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Make-game</h1>
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<hw>Make"-game`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An object of ridicule; a butt.</def>

<i>Godwin.</i>

<h1>Makeless</h1>
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<hw>Make"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Make</er>, and cf. <er>Matchless</er>, <er>Mateless</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Matchless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without a mate.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Make-peace</h1>
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<hw>Make"-peace`</hw> <tt>(-p&emac;s`)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A peacemaker</def>. <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Maker</h1>
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<hw>Mak"er</hw> <tt>(m&amac;k"&etil;r)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>, <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who makes, forms, or molds; a manufacturer; specifically, the Creator.</def>

<blockquote>The universal <b>Maker</b> we may praise.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person who makes a promissory note.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who writes verses; a poet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; "The Greeks named the poet <grk>poihth`s</grk>, which name, as the most excellent, hath gone through other languages. It cometh of this word <grk>poiei^n</grk>, <i>make</i>; wherein, I know not whether by luck or wisdom, we Englishmen have met well the Greeks in calling him a <i>maker</i>."</note>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<hr>
<page="886">
Page 886<p>

<h1>Makeshift</h1>
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<hw>Make"shift`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That with which one makes shift; a temporary expedient.</def>

<i>James Mill.</i>

<blockquote>I am not a model clergyman, only a decent <b>makeshift</b>.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Make-up</h1>
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<hw>Make"-up`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The way in which the parts of anything are put together; often, the way in which an actor is dressed, painted, etc., in personating a character.</def>

<blockquote>The unthinking masses are necessarily teleological in their mental <b>make-up</b>.
<i>L. F. Ward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Makeweight</h1>
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<hw>Make"weight`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is thrown into a scale to make weight; something of little account added to supply a deficiency or fill a gap.</def>

<h1>Maki</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ki</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lemur. See <er>Lemur</er>.</def>

<h1>Making</h1>
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<hw>Mak"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who makes; workmanship; fabrication; construction; <as>as, this is cloth of your own <ex>making</ex>; the <ex>making</ex> of peace or war was in his power.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Composition, or structure.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>a poem.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir J. Davies.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which establishes or places in a desirable state or condition; the material of which something may be made; <as>as, early misfortune was the <ex>making</ex> of him</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>External appearance; from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Making-iron</h1>
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<hw>Mak"ing-i`ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tool somewhat like a chisel with a groove in it, used by calkers of ships to finish the seams after the oakum has been driven in.</def>

<h1>Making-up</h1>
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<hw>Mak"ing-up`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of bringing spirits to a certain degree of strength, called <i>proof</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of becoming reconciled or friendly.</def>

<h1>Mal-</h1>
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<hw>Mal-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A prefix in composition denoting <i>ill</i>,or <i>evil</i>, F. <i>male</i>, adv., fr. <i>malus</i>, bad, ill. In some words it has the form <i>male-</i>, as in <i>male</i>diction, <i>male</i>volent. See <er>Malice</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The form<i>male-</i> is chiefly used in cases where the c, either alone or with other letters, is pronounced as a separate syllable, as in <i>male</i>diction, <i>male</i>factor, <i>male</i>ficent, etc. Where this is not the case, as in <i>mal</i>feasance or <i>male</i>-feasance, <i>mal</i>formation or <i>male</i>-formation, etc., as also where the word to which it is prefixed commences with a vowel, as in <i>mal</i>administration, etc., the form <i>mal</i>is to be preferred, and is the one commonly employed.</note>

<h1>Mala</h1>
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<hw>Ma"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <sing>pl. of <singw>Malum</singw>.</sing> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Evils; wrongs; offenses against right and law.</def>

<cs><col>Mala in se</col> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>offenses which are such from their own nature, at common law, irrespective of statute.</cd> -- <col>Mala prohibita</col> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>offenses prohibited by statute, as distinguished from <i>mala in se<i>, which are offenses at common law.</cd></cs>

<h1>Malabar</h1>
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<hw>Mal"a*bar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A region in the western part of the Peninsula of India, between the mountains and the sea.</def>

<cs><col>Malabar nut</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the seed of an East Indian acanthaceous shrub, the <spn>Adhatoda Vasica</spn>, sometimes used medicinally.</cd></cs>

<h1>Malacatune</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*ca*tune"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Melocoton</er>.</def>

<h1>Malacca</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lac"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A town and district upon the seacoast of the Malay Peninsula.</def>

<cs><col>Malacca cane</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a cane obtained from a species of palm of the genus <spn>Calamus</spn> (<spn>C. Scipionum</spn>), and of a brown color, often mottled. The plant is a native of Cochin China, Sumatra, and Malays.</cd></cs>

<h1>Malachite</h1>
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<hw>Mal"a*chite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Fr. Gr. <?/ a mallow, from its resembling the green color of the leaf of mallows: cf. F. <ets>malachite</ets>. Cf. <er>Mallow</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native hydrous carbonate of copper, usually occurring in green mammillary masses with concentric fibrous structure.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Green malachite</i>, or malachite proper, admits of a high polish, and is sometimes used for ornamental work. <i>Blue malachite</i>, or azurite, is a related species of a deep blue color.</note>

<cs><col>Malachite green</col>. <cd>See <cref>Emerald green</cref>, under <er>Green</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Malacissant</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*cis"sant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Malacissation</er>.]</ety> <def>Softening; relaxing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Malacissation</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*cis*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>malacissare</ets> to make soft, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>The act of making soft or supple.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Malacobdella</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*cob*del"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ soft + <?/ a leech.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of nemertean worms, parasitic in the gill cavity of clams and other bivalves. They have a large posterior sucker, like that of a leech. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Bdellomorpha</er>.</def>

<h1>Malacoderm</h1>
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<hw>Mal"a*co*derm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ soft  + <?/ skin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a tribe of beetles (<spn>Malacodermata</spn>), with a soft and flexible body, as the fireflies.</def>

<h1>Malacolite</h1>
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<hw>Mal"a*co*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ soft + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of pyroxene.</def>

<h1>Malacologist</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*col"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in the science of malacology.</def>

<h1>Malacology</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*col"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ soft + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>malacologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which relates to the structure and habits of mollusks.</def>

<h1>Malacopoda</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*cop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ soft + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of air-breathing Arthropoda; -- called also <spn>Protracheata</spn>, and <spn>Onychophora</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; They somewhat resemble myriapods, and have from seventeen to thirty-three pairs of short, imperfectly jointed legs, two pairs of simple jaws, and a pair of antenn\'91. The tranche\'91 are connected with numerous spiracles scattered over the surface of the body. <spn>Peripatus</spn> is the only known genus. See <er>Peripatus</er>.</note>

<h1>Malacopterygian</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*cop`ter*yg"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>malacopt\'82rygien</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Malacopterygii.</def>

<h1>Malacopterygii</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*cop`te*ryg"i*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ soft + <?/ wing, fin, fr. <?/ feather.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes in which the fin rays, except the anterior ray of the pectoral and dorsal fins, are closely jointed, and not spiny. It includes the carp, pike, salmon, shad, etc. Called also <spn>Malacopteri</spn>.</def>

<h1>Malacopterygious</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*cop`ter*yg"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Malacopterygii.</def>

<h1>Malacosteon</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*cos"te*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., Gr. fr. <?/ soft + <?/ bone.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A peculiar disease of the bones, in consequence of which they become softened and capable of being bent without breaking.</def>

<h1>Malacostomous</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*cos"to*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ soft + <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having soft jaws without teeth, as certain fishes.</def>

<h1>Malacostraca</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*cos"tra*ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ soft + <?/ shell of a testacean.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A subclass of Crustacea, including Arthrostraca and Thoracostraca, or all those higher than the Entomostraca.</def>

<h1>Malacostracan</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*cos"tra*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Malacostraca.</def>

<h1>Malacostracology</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*cos`tra*col"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Malacostrac</ets>an + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of zo\'94logical science which relates to the crustaceans; -- called also <altname>carcinology</altname>.</def>

<h1>Malacostracous</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*cos"tra*cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Malacostraca.</def>

<h1>Malacotoon</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*co*toon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Melocoton</er>.</def>

<h1>Malacozoa</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*co*zo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ soft + <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive group of Invertebrata, including the Mollusca, Brachiopoda, and Bryozoa. Called also <altname>Malacozoaria</altname>.</def>

<h1>Malacozoic</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*co*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Malacozoa.</def>

<h1>Maladdress</h1>
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<hw>Mal`ad*dress"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mal-</ets> + <ets>address</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bad address; an awkward, tactless, or offensive way of accosting one or talking with one.</def>

<i>W. D. Howells.</i>

<h1>Maladjustment</h1>
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<hw>Mal`ad*just"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mal-</ets> + <ets>adjustment</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bad adjustment.</def>

<h1>Maladministration</h1>
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<hw>Mal`ad*min`is*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mal-</ets> + <ets>administration</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bad administration; bad management of any business, especially of public affairs.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>maleadministration</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Maladroit</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*droit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Malice</er>, and <er>Adroit</er>.]</ety> <def>Of a quality opposed to adroitness; clumsy; awkward; unskillful.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mal"a*droit`ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mal`a*droit"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Malady</h1>
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<hw>Mal"a*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Maladies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>maladie</ets>, fr. <ets>malade</ets> ill, sick, OF. also, <ets>malabde</ets>, fr. L. <ets>male habitus</ets>, i. e., ill-kept, not in good condition. See <er>Malice</er>, and <er>Habit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any disease of the human body; a distemper, disorder, or indisposition, proceeding from impaired, defective, or morbid organic functions; especially, a lingering or deep-seated disorder.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>maladies</b> of the body may prove medicines to the mind.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A moral or mental defect or disorder.</def>

<blockquote>Love's a <b>malady</b> without a cure.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Disorder; distemper; sickness; ailment; disease; illness. See <er>Disease</er>.</syn>

<h1>Malaga</h1>
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<hw>Mal"a*ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A city and a province of Spain, on the Mediterranean.  Hence, <i>Malaga</i> grapes, <i>Malaga</i> raisins, <i>Malaga</i> wines.</def>

<h1>Malagash</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*gash"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Malagasy</er>.</def>

<h1>Malagasy</h1>
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<hw>Mal`a*gas"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def>A native or natives of Madagascar; also (<singf>sing</singf>.), the language.</def>

<h1>Malaise</h1>
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<hw>Ma`laise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>mal</ets> ill + <ets>aise</ets> ease.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An indefinite feeling of uneasiness, or of being sick or ill at ease.</def>

<h1>Malamate</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lam"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of malamic acid.</def>

<h1>Malambo</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lam"bo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg.]</ety> <def>A yellowish aromatic bark, used in medicine and perfumery, said to be from the South American shrub <spn>Croton Malambo</spn>.</def>

<h1>Malamethane</h1>
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<hw>Mal`am*eth"ane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Malamic</ets> + <ets>ethane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline substance forming the ethyl salt of malamic acid.</def>

<h1>Malamic</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mal</ets>ic + <ets>amic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining an acid intermediate between malic acid and malamide, and known only by its salts.</def>

<h1>Malamide</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lam"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Malic</ets> + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The acid amide derived from malic acid, as a white crystalline substance metameric with asparagine.</def>

<h1>Malanders</h1>
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<hw>Mal"an*ders</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>malandres</ets>, fr. L. <ets>malandria</ets> blisters or pustules on the neck, especially in horses.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A scurfy eruption in the bend of the knee of the fore leg of a horse. See <er>Sallenders</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mallenders</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Malapert</h1>
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<hw>Mal"a*pert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>malapert</ets> unskillful, ill-taught, ill-bred; <ets>mal</ets> ill + <ets>apert</ets> open, adroit, intelligent, L. <ets>apertus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aperire</ets> to open. See <er>Malice</er>, and <er>Aperient</er>.]</ety> <def>Bold; forward; impudent; saucy; pert. <i>Shak.</i></def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A malapert person.</def></def2>

<blockquote>Are you growing <b>malapert</b>! <b>Will you force me to make use of my authority</b> ?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Mal"a*pert`ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mal"a*pert`ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Malapropism</h1>
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<hw>Mal"a*prop*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Mrs. <ets>Malaprop</ets>, a character in Sheridan's drama, " The Rivals," who makes amusing blunders in her use of words. See <er>Malapropos</er>.]</ety> <def>A grotesque misuse of a word; a word so used.</def>

<h1>Malapropos</h1>
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<hw>Mal*ap"ro*pos`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mal \'85 propos</ets>; <ets>mal</ets> evil + <ets>\'85 propos</ets> to the purpose.]</ety> <def>Unseasonable or unseasonably; unsuitable or unsuitably.</def>

<h1>Malapterurus</h1>
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<hw>Mal*ap`te*ru"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ soft + <?/ wing + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of African siluroid fishes, including the electric catfishes. See <cref>Electric cat</cref>, under <er>Electric</er>.</def>

<h1>Malar</h1>
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<hw>Ma"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mala</ets> the cheek: cf. F. <ets>malaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the region of the cheek bone, or to the malar bone; jugal.</def>

<h1>Malar</h1>
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<hw>Ma"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The cheek bone, which forms a part of the lower edge of the orbit.</def>

<h1>Malaria</h1>
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<hw>Ma*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., contr. fr. <ets>malaaria</ets> bad air. See <er>Malice</er>, and Air.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Air infected with some noxious substance capable of engendering disease; esp., an unhealthy exhalation from certain soils, as marshy or wet lands, producing fevers; miasma.</def>

<note>&hand; The morbific agent in malaria is supposed by some to be a vegetable microbe or its spores, and by others to be a very minute animal blood parasite (an <i>infusorian</i>).</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid condition produced by exhalations from decaying vegetable matter in contact with moisture, giving rise to fever and ague and many other symptoms characterized by their tendency to recur at definite and usually uniform intervals.</def>

<h1>Malarial, Malarian, Malarious</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ma*la"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ma*la"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ma*la"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining, to or infected by, malaria.</def>

<cs><col>Malarial fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a fever produced by malaria, and characterized by the occurrence of chills, fever, and sweating in distinct paroxysms, At intervals of definite and often uniform duration, in which these symptoms are wholly absent (<i>intermittent fever<i>), or only partially so (<i>remittent fever<i>); fever and ague; chills and fever.</cd></cs>

<h1>Malashaganay</h1>
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<hw>Ma`la*sha"ga*nay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fresh-water drumfish (<spn>Haploidonotus grunniens</spn>).</def>

<h1>Malassimilation</h1>
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<hw>Mal`as*sim`i*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mal-</ets> + <ets>assimilation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Imperfect digestion of the several leading constituents of the food.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An imperfect elaboration by the tissues of the materials brought to them by the blood.</def>

<h1>Malate</h1>
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<hw>Ma"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>malum</ets> apple: cf. F. <ets>malate</ets>. See <er>Malic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of malic acid.</def>

<h1>Malax, Malaxate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ma"lax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ma*lax"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>malaxare</ets>, <ets>malaxatum</ets>, cf. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ soft: cf. F. <ets>malaxer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To soften by kneading or stirring with some thinner substance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Malaxation</h1>
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<hw>Mal`ax*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>malaxatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>malaxation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of softening by mixing with a thinner substance; the formation of ingredients into a mass for pills or plasters.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Malaxator</h1>
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<hw>Mal"ax*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, malaxates; esp., a machine for grinding, kneading, or stirring into a pasty or doughy mass.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Malay</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a race of a brown or copper complexion in the Malay Peninsula and the western islands of the Indian Archipelago.</def>

<h1>Malay, Malayan</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ma*lay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ma*lay"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Malays or their country.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The Malay language.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Malay apple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a myrtaceous tree (<spn>Eugenia Malaccensis</spn>) common in India; also, its applelike fruit.</cd></cs>

<h1>Malayalam</h1>
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<hw>Ma"la*ya"lam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The name given to one the cultivated Dravidian languages, closely related to the Tamil.</def>

<i>Yule.</i>

<h1>Malbrouck</h1>
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<hw>Mal"brouck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A West African arboreal monkey (<spn>Cercopithecus cynosurus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Malconformation</h1>
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<hw>Mal*con`for*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mal-</ets> + <ets>conformation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Imperfect, disproportionate, or abnormal formation; ill form; disproportion of parts.</def>

<h1>Malcontent</h1>
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<hw>Mal"con*tent`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>mal</ets> ill + <ets>content</ets>. See <er>Malice</er>, <er>Content</er>.]</ety> <def>discontented; uneasy; dissatisfied; especially, dissatisfied with the government.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>malecontent</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>The famous <b>malcontent</b> earl of Leicester.
<i>Milner.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Malcontent</h1>
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<hw>Mal"con*tent`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>malcontent</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who discontented; especially, a discontented subject of a government; one who express his discontent by words or overt acts.</def>

<i>Spenser. Berkeley.</i>

<h1>Malcontented</h1>
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<hw>Mal`con*tent"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Malcontent.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mal`con*tent"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mal`con*tent"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Maldanian</h1>
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<hw>Mal*da"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of marine annelids of the genus <spn>Maldane</spn>, or family <spn>Maldanid\'91</spn>. They have a slender, round body, and make tubes in the sand or mud.</def>

<h1>Male-</h1>
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<hw>Male-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. See <er>Mal-</er>.</def>

<h1>Male</h1>
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<hw>Male</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>malus</ets>. See <er>Malice</er>.]</ety> <def>Evil; wicked; bad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Male</h1>
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<hw>Male</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Mail</er>, a bag.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Male</h1>
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<hw>Male</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'83le</ets>, OF. <ets>masle</ets>, <ets>mascle</ets>, fr. L. <ets>masculus</ets> male, masculine, dim. of <ets>mas</ets> a male; possibly akin to E. <ets>man</ets>. Cf. <er>Masculine</er>, <er>Marry</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the sex that begets or procreates young, or (in a wider sense) to the sex that produces spermatozoa, by which the ova are fertilized; not female; <as>as, <ex>male</ex> organs</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Capable of producing fertilization, but not of bearing fruit; -- said of stamens and antheridia, and of the plants, or parts of plants, which bear them.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Suitable to the male sex; characteristic or suggestive of a male; masculine; <as>as, <ex>male</ex> courage</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Consisting of males; <as>as, a <ex>male</ex> choir</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Adapted for entering another corresponding piece (the <i>female</i> piece) which is hollow and which it fits; <as>as, a <ex>male</ex> gauge, for gauging the size or shape of a hole; a <ex>male</ex> screw, etc.</as></def>

<cs><col>Male berry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of coffee. See <er>Pea berry</er>.</cd> -- <col>Male fern</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a fern of the genus <spn>Aspidium</spn> (<spn>A. Filixmas</spn>), used in medicine as an anthelmintic, esp. against the tapeworm. <spn>Aspidium marginale</spn> in America, and <spn>A. athamanticum</spn> in South Africa, are used as good substitutes for the male fern in medical practice. See <cref>Female fern</cref>, under <er>Female</er>.</cd> -- <col>Male rhyme</col>, <cd>a rhyme in which only the last syllables agree, as <i>laid<i>, <i>afraid<i>, <i>dismayed<i>. See <cref>Female rhyme</cref>, under <er>Female</er>.</cd> -- <col>Male screw</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a screw having threads upon its exterior which enter the grooves upon the inside of a corresponding nut or female screw.</cd> -- <col>Male thread</col>, <cd>the thread of a male screw.</cd></cs>

<h1>Male</h1>
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<hw>Male</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An animal of the male sex.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant bearing only staminate flowers.</def>

<h1>Naleadministration</h1>
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<hw>Nale`ad*min`is*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Maladministration.</def>

<h1>Maleate</h1>
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<hw>Ma*le"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A salt of maleic acid.</def>

<h1>Malebranchism</h1>
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<hw>Male*branch"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The philosophical system of Malebranche, an eminent French metaphysician. The fundamental doctrine of his system is that the mind can not have knowledge of anything external to itself except in its relation to God.</def>

<hr>
<page="887">
Page 887<p>

<h1>Maleconformation</h1>
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<hw>Male*con`for*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Malconformation.</def>

<h1>Malecontent</h1>
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<hw>Male"con*tent`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Malcontent.</def>

<h1>Maledicency</h1>
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<hw>Mal`e*di"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>maledicentia</ets>. See <er>Maledicent</er>.]</ety> <def>Evil speaking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<h1>Maledicent</h1>
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<hw>Mal`e*di"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>maledicens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>maledicere</ets> to speak ill; <ets>male</ets> ill + <ets>dicere</ets> to say, speak. See <er>Malice</er>, and <er>Diction</er>.]</ety> <def>Speaking reproachfully; slanderous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir E. Sandys.</i>

<h1>Maledict</h1>
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<hw>Mal"e*dict</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>maledictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>maledicere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Accursed; abominable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Malediction</h1>
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<hw>Mal`e*dic"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>maledictio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mal\'82diction</ets>. See <er>Maledicent</er>.]</ety> <def>A proclaiming of evil against some one; a cursing; imprecation; a curse or execration; -- opposed to <i>benediction</i>.</def>

<blockquote>No <b>malediction</b> falls from his tongue.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Cursing; curse; execration; imprecation; denunciation; anathema.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Malediction</er>, <er>Curse</er>, <er>Imprecation</er>, <er>Execration</er>. <i>Malediction</i> is the most general term, denoting bitter reproach, or wishes and predictions of evil. <i>Curse</i> implies the desire or threat of evil, declared upon oath or in the most solemn manner. <i>Imprecation</i> is literally the praying down of evil upon a person. <i>Execration</i> is literally a putting under the ban of excommunication, a curse which excludes from the kingdom of God. In ordinary usage, the last three words describe profane swearing, <i>execration</i> being the strongest.</usage>

<h1>Malefaction</h1>
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<hw>Mal`e*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Malefactor</er>.]</ety> <def>A crime; an offense; an evil deed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Malefactor</h1>
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<hw>Mal`e*fac"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>malefacere</ets> to do evil; <ets>male</ets> ill, evil + <ets>facere</ets> to do. See <er>Malice</er>, and <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An evil doer; one who commits a crime; one subject to public prosecution and punishment; a criminal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who does wrong by injuring another, although not a criminal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>H. Brooke. Fuller.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Evil doer; criminal; culprit; felon; convict.</syn>

<h1>Malefactress</h1>
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<hw>Mal`e*fac"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female malefactor.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Malefeasance</h1>
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<hw>Male*fea"sance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Malfeasance</er>.</def>

<h1>Malefic</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lef"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>maleficus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mal\'82fique</ets>. See <er>Malefaction</er>.]</ety> <def>Doing mischief; causing harm or evil; nefarious; hurtful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Malefice</h1>
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<hw>Mal"e*fice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>maleficium</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mal\'82fice</ets>. See <er>Malefactor</er>.]</ety> <def>An evil deed; artifice; enchantment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Maleficence</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lef"i*cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>maleficentia</ets>. Cf. <er>Malfeasance</er>.]</ety> <def>Evil doing, esp. to others.</def>

<h1>Maleficent</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lef"i*cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Malefic</er>.]</ety> <def>Doing evil to others; harmful; mischievous.</def>

<h1>Maleficial</h1>
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<hw>Mal`e*fi"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Injurious.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Maleficiate</h1>
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<hw>Mal`e*fi"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>maleficiatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>maleficiare</ets> to bewitch, fr. L. <ets>maleficium</ets>. See <er>Malefice</er>.]</ety> <def>To bewitch; to harm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Maleficiation</h1>
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<hw>Mal`e*fi`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bewitching.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Maleficience</h1>
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<hw>Mal`e*fi"cience</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Maleficence</er>.]</ety> <def>The doing of evil, harm, or mischief.</def>

<h1>Maleficient</h1>
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<hw>Mal`e*fi"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Maleficent</er>.]</ety> <def>Doing evil, harm, or mischief.</def>

<h1>Maleformation</h1>
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<hw>Male`for*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Malformation</er>.</def>

<h1>Maleic</h1>
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<hw>Ma*le"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mal\'82ique</ets>. See <er>Malic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the ethylene series, metameric with fumaric acid and obtained by heating malic acid.</def>

<h1>Malengine</h1>
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<hw>Ma*len"gine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>malengin</ets>; L. <ets>malus</ets> bad, evil + <ets>ingenium</ets> natural capacity. See <er>Engine</er>.]</ety> <def>Evil machination; guile; deceit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Maleo</h1>
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<hw>Ma"le*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From its native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of Celebes (<spn>megacephalon maleo</spn>), allied to the brush turkey. It makes mounds in which to lay its eggs.</def>

<h1>Male-odor</h1>
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<hw>Male-o"dor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Malodor</er>.</def>

<h1>Malepractice</h1>
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<hw>Male*prac"tice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Malpractice</er>.</def>

<h1>Male-spirited</h1>
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<hw>Male"-spir`it*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the spirit of a male; vigorous; courageous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Malet</h1>
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<hw>Mal"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mallette</ets>, dim. of <ets>malle</ets>. See <er>Mail</er> a bag.]</ety> <def>A little bag or budget.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Maletreat</h1>
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<hw>Male*treat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Maltreat</er>.</def>

<h1>Malevolence</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lev"o*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>malevolentia</ets>. See <er>Malevolent</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being malevolent; evil disposition toward another; inclination to injure others; ill will. See Synonym of <er>Malice</er>.</def>

<h1>Malevolent</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lev"o*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>malevolens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>; <ets>male</ets> ill + <ets>volens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>velle</ets> to be willing or disposed, to wish. See <er>Malice</er>, and <er>Voluntary</er>.]</ety> <def>Wishing evil; disposed to injure others; rejoicing in another's misfortune.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Ill-disposed; envious; mischievous; evil-minded; spiteful; malicious; malignant; rancorous.</syn>

<h1>Malevolently</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lev"o*lent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a malevolent manner.</def>

<h1>Malevolous</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lev"o*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>malevolus</ets>; fr. <ets>male</ets> ill + <ets>velle</ets> to be disposed.]</ety> <def>Malevolent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Malexecution</h1>
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<hw>Mal*ex`e*cu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mal-</ets> + <ets>execution</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bad execution.</def>

<i>D. Webster.</i>

<h1>Maleyl</h1>
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<hw>Ma*le"yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Maleic</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hypothetical radical derived from maleic acid.</def>

<h1>Malfeasance</h1>
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<hw>Mal*fea"sance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>malfaisance</ets>, fr. <ets>malfaisant</ets> injurious, doing ill; <ets>mal</ets> ill, evil + <ets>faisant</ets> doing, p. pr. of <ets>faire</ets> to do. See <er>Malice</er>, <er>Feasible</er>, and cf. <er>Maleficence</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The doing of an act which a person ought not to do; evil conduct; an illegal deed.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>malefeasance</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Malformation</h1>
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<hw>Mal`for*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mal-</ets> + <ets>forniation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ill formation; irregular or anomalous formation; abnormal or wrong conformation or structure.</def>

<h1>Malgracious</h1>
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<hw>Mal*gra"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>malgracieux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not graceful; displeasing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Malgre</h1>
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<hw>Mal"gre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>See <er>Mauger</er>.</def>

<h1>Malic</h1>
<Xpage=887>

<hw>Ma"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>malum</ets> an apple: cf. F. <ets>malique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, apples; <as>as, <ex>malic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Malic acid</col>, <cd>a hydroxy acid obtained as a substance which is sirupy or crystallized with difficulty, and has a strong but pleasant sour taste. It occurs in many fruits, as in green apples, currants, etc. It is levorotatory or dextrorotatory according to the temperature and concentration. An artificial variety is a derivative of succinic acid, but has no action on polarized light, and thus malic acid is a remarkable case of physical isomerism.</cd></cs>
<-- HO.CO.CH2.CH(OH).CO.OH the natural form is the L- isomer.  The synthetic is inactive presumably due simply to a racemic mixture of isomers. -->

<h1>Malice</h1>
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<hw>Mal"ice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>malice</ets>, fr. L. <ets>malitia</ets>, from <ets>malus</ets> bad, ill, evil, prob. orig., dirty, black; cf. Gr. <?/ black, Skr. <ets>mala</ets> dirt. Cf. <er>Mauger</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Enmity of heart; malevolence; ill will; a spirit delighting in harm or misfortune to another; a disposition to injure another; a malignant design of evil.</def> "Nor set down aught in <i>malice</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Envy, hatred, and <b>malice</b> are three distinct passions of the mind.
<i>Ld. Holt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Any wicked or mischievous intention of the mind; a depraved inclination to mischief; an intention to vex, annoy, or injure another person, or to do a wrongful act without just cause or cause or excuse; a wanton disregard of the rights or safety of others; willfulness.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Malice aforethought</col> &or;  <col>prepense</col></mcol>, <cd>malice previously and deliberately entertained.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Spite; ill will; malevolence; grudge; pique; bitterness; animosity; malignity; maliciousness; rancor; virulence.</syn> <usage> See <er>Spite</er>. -- <er>Malevolence</er>, <er>Malignity</er>, <er>Malignancy</er>. <i>Malice</i> is a stronger word than <i>malevolence</i>, which may imply only a desire that evil may befall another, while <i>malice</i> desires, and perhaps intends, to bring it about. <i>Malignity</i> is intense and deepseated <i>malice</i>. It implies a natural delight in hating and wronging others. One who is <i>malignant</i> must be both <i>malevolent</i> and <i>malicious</i>; but a man may be <i>malicious</i> without being <i>malignant</i>.</usage>

<blockquote>Proud tyrants who <b>maliciously</b> destroy
And ride o'er ruins with <b>malignant</b> joy.
<i>Somerville.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>in some connections, <b>malignity</b> seems rather more pertinently applied to a radical depravity of nature, and <b>malignancy</b> to indications of this depravity, in temper and conduct in particular instances.
<i>Cogan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Malice</h1>
<Xpage=887>

<hw>Mal"ice</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To regard with extreme ill will.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Malicho</h1>
<Xpage=887>

<hw>Mal"i*cho</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>malhecho</ets>; <ets>mal</ets> bad + <ets>hecho</ets> deed, L. <ets>factum</ets>. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <def>Mischief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Malicious</h1>
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<hw>Ma*li"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Of. <ets>malicius</ets>, F. <ets>malicieux</ets>, fr. L. <ets>malitiosus</ets>. See <er>Malice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Indulging or exercising malice; harboring ill will or enmity.</def>

<blockquote>I grant him bloody, . . .
Sudden, <b>malicious</b>, smacking of every sin
That has a name.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Proceeding from hatred or ill will; dictated by malice; <as>as, a <ex>malicious</ex> report; <ex>malicious</ex> mischief.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld><def>With wicked or mischievous intentions or motives; wrongful and done intentionally without just cause or excuse; <as>as, a <ex>malicious</ex> act</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Malicious abandonment</col>, <cd>the desertion of a wife or husband without just cause. <i>Burrill</i>.</cd> -- <col>Malicious mischief</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>malicious injury to the property of another; -- an offense at common law. <i>Wharton</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Malicious prosecution</col> &or; <col>arrest</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a wanton prosecution or arrest, by regular process in a civil or criminal proceeding, without probable cause. <i>Bouvier</i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Ill-disposed; evil-minded; mischievous; envious; malevolent; invidious; spiteful; bitter; malignant; rancorous; malign.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ma*li"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ma*li"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Malign</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>malignus</ets>, for <ets>maligenus</ets>, i. e., of a bad kind or nature; <ets>malus</ets> bad + the root of <ets>genus</ets> birth, race, kind: cf. F. <ets>malin</ets>, masc., <ets>maligne</ets>, fem. See <er>Malice</er>, <er>Gender</er>, and cf. <er>Benign</er>, <er>Malignant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having an evil disposition toward others; harboring violent enmity; malevolent; malicious; spiteful; -- opposed to <i>benign</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Witchcraft may be by operation of <b>malign</b> spirits.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unfavorable; unpropitious; pernicious; tending to injure; <as>as, a <ex>malign</ex> aspect of planets</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Malignant; <as>as, a <ex>malign</ex> ulcer</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Malign</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lign"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Maligned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Maligning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>malignare</ets>. See <er>Malign</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To treat with malice; to show hatred toward; to abuse; to wrong; to injure</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The people practice what mischiefs and villainies they will against private men, whom they <b>malign</b> by stealing their goods, or murdering them.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To speak great evil of; to traduce; to defame; to slander; to vilify; to asperse.</def>

<blockquote>To be envied and shot at; to be <b>maligned</b> standing, and to be despised falling.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Malign</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lign"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To entertain malice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Malignance, Malignancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ma*lig"nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ma*lig"nan*cy</hw> ,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Malignant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being malignant; extreme malevolence; bitter enmity; malice; <as>as, <ex>malignancy</ex> of heart</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unfavorableness; evil nature.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>malignancy</b> of my fate might perhaps distemner yours.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Virulence; tendency to a fatal issue; <as>as, the <ex>malignancy</ex> of an ulcer or of a fever</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The state of being a malignant.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Malice; malevolence; malignity. See <er>Malice</er>.</syn>

<h1>Malignant</h1>
<Xpage=887>

<hw>Ma*lig"nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>malignans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>malignare</ets>, <ets>malignari</ets>, to do or make maliciously. See <er>Malign</er>, and cf. <er>Benignant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Disposed to do harm, inflict suffering, or cause distress; actuated by extreme malevolence or enmity; virulently inimical; bent on evil; malicious.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>malignant</b> and a turbaned Turk.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized or caused by evil intentions; pernicious.</def> "<i>Malignant</i> care."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>Some <b>malignant</b> power upon my life.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Something deleterious and <b>malignant</b> as his touch.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Tending to produce death; threatening a fatal issue; virulent; <as>as, <ex>malignant</ex> diphtheria</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Malignant pustule</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a very contagious disease, transmitted to man from animals, characterized by the formation, at the point of reception of the virus, of a vesicle or pustule which first enlarges and then breaks down into an unhealthy ulcer. It is marked by profound exhaustion and usually fatal. Called also <altname>charbon</altname>, and sometimes, improperly, <altname>anthrax</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Malignant</h1>
<Xpage=887>

<hw>Ma*lig"nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A man of extrems enmity or evil intentions.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the adherents of Charles L. or Charles LL.; -- so called by the opposite party.</def>

<h1>Malignantly</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lig"nant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt><def>In a malignant manner.</def>

<h1>Maligner</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lign"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who maligns.</def>

<h1>Malignify</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lig"ni*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Malignified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Malignifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>malignus</ets> malign + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make malign or malignant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A strong faith <i>malignified</i>."

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Malignity</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lig"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>malignit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>malignitas</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being malignant; disposition to do evil; virulent enmity; malignancy; malice; spite.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Virulence; deadly quality.</def>

<blockquote>His physicians discerned an invincible <b>malignity</b> in his disease.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Extreme evilness of nature or influence; perniciousness; heinousness; <as>as, the <ex>malignity</ex> of fraud</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Malice</er>.</syn>

<h1>Malignly</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lign"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a malign manner; with malignity.</def>

<h1>Malinger</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lin"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>MAlingered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Malingering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To act the part of a malingerer; to feign illness or inability.</def>

<h1>Malingerer</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lin"ger*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>malingre</ets> sickly, weakly, prob. from <ets>mal</ets> ill + OF. <ets>heingre</ets>, <ets>haingre</ets>, thin, lean, infirm, fr. L. <ets>aeger</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the army, a soldier who feigns himself sick, or who induces or protracts an illness, in order to avoid doing his duty; hence, in general, one who shirks his duty by pretending illness or inability.</def>

<h1>Malingery</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lin"ger*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The spirit or practices of a malingerer; malingering.</def>

<h1>Malison</h1>
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<hw>Mal"i*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>maleicon</ets>, L. <ets>maledictio</ets>. See <er>Malediction</er>, and cf. <er>Benison</er>.]</ety> <def>Malediction; curse; execration.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>God's <b>malison</b> on his head who this gainsays.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Malkin</h1>
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<hw>Mal"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>Maud</ets>, the proper name. Cf. <er>Grimalkin</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>maukin</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, a kitchenmaid; a slattern.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mop made of clouts, used by the kitchen servant.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A scarecrow.</def><mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A mop or sponge attached to a jointed staff for swabbing out a cannon.</def>

<h1>Mall</h1>
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<hw>Mall</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>maul</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[OE. <ets>malle</ets>, F. <ets>mail</ets>, L. <ets>malleus</ets>. Cf. <er>Malleus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large heavy wooden beetle; a mallet for driving anything with force; a maul.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A heavy blow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An old game played with <i>malls</i> or mallets and balls. See <er>Pall-mall</er>.</def>

<i>Cotton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A place where the game of <i>mall</i> was played. Hence: A public walk; a level shaded walk.</def>

<blockquote>Part of the area was laid out in gravel walks, and planted with elms; and these convenient and frequented walks obtained the name of the City <b>Mall</b>.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mall</h1>
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<hw>Mall</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Malled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Malling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>mailler</ets>. See <er>Mall</er> beetle, and cf. <er>Malleate</er>.]</ety> <def>To beat with a mall; to beat with something heavy; to bruise; to maul.</def>

<h1>Mall</h1>
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<hw>Mall</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>mallum</ets> a public assembly; cf. OHG. <ets>mahal</ets> assembly, transaction; akin to AS. <ets>m\'91<?/el</ets>, <ets>me<?/el</ets>, assembly, <ets>m<?/lan</ets> to speak, Goth. <ets>mapl</ets> market place.]</ety> <def>Formerly, among Teutonic nations, a meeting of the notables of a state for the transaction of public business, such meeting being a modification of the ancient popular assembly</def>. Hence: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A court of justice</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A place where justice is administered</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A place where public meetings are held.</def>

<blockquote>Councils, which had been as frequent as diets or <b>malls</b>, ceased.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<-- 2. See MW10] (a) A public access area containing a promenade for pedestrians. (b) The paved or grassy strip between two roadways. (c) A shopping area with multiple shops and a concourse for predominantly or exclusively pedestrian use; inn cities the concourse is usually a city street which may be temporarily or permamently closed to motor vehicles; in suburban areas, a mall is often located on a convenient highway, may be large, contained in one building or multiple buildings connected by (usually covered) walkways. -->

<h1>Mallard</h1>
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<hw>Mal"lard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>malari</ets>,fr. <ets>m\'83le</ets> male + <ets>-art =-ard</ets>. See <er>Male</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>-ard</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A drake; the male of <spn>Anas boschas</spn>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large wild duck (<spn>Anas boschas</spn>) inhabiting both America and Europe. The domestic duck has descended from this species. Called also <altname>greenhead</altname>.</def>

<h1>Malleability</h1>
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<hw>Mal"le*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[CF. F.  <ets>mall\'82abilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being malleable; -- opposed to <i>friability</i> and <i>brittleness</i>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Malleable</h1>
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<hw>Mal"le*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mall\'82able</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>malleare</ets> to hammer. See <er>Malleate</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being extended or shaped by beating with a hammer, or by the pressure of rollers; -- applied to metals.</def>

<cs><col>Malleable iron</col>, <cd>iron that is capable of extension or of being shaped under the hammer; decarbonized cast iron. See under <er>Iron</er>.</cd> -- <col>Malleable iron castings</col>, <cd>articles cast from pig iron and made malleable by heating then for several days in the presence of some substance, as hematite, which deprives the cast iron of some of its carbon.</cd></cs>

<h1>Malleableize</h1>
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<hw>Mal"le*a*ble*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make malleable.</def>

<h1>Malleableness</h1>
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<hw>Mal"le*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being malleable.</def>

<h1>Malleal</h1>
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<hw>Mal"le*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the malleus.</def>

<h1>Malleate</h1>
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<hw>Mal"le*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Malleated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Malleating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>malleatus</ets> hammered, fr. <ets>malleus</ets> a hammer. See <er>Mall</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To hammer; to beat into a plate or leaf.</def>

<h1>Malleation</h1>
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<hw>Mal`le*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>malleatio</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>mall\'82ation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of beating into a plate, sheet, or leaf, as a metal; extension by beating.</def>

<hr>
<page="888">
Page 888<p>

<h1>Mallecho</h1>
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<hw>Mal"le*cho</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Malicho</er>.</def>

<h1>Mallee bird</h1>
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<hw>Mal*lee" bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <ety>[From native name.]</ety> <def>The leipoa. See <er>Leipoa</er>.</def>

<h1>Mallemock, Mallemoke</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mal"le*mock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mal"le*moke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mollemoke</er>.</def>

<h1>Mallenders</h1>
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<hw>Mal"len*ders</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Malanders</er>.</def>

<h1>Malleolar</h1>
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<hw>Mal*le"o*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Malleolus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the malleolus; in the region of the malleoli of the ankle joint.</def>

<h1>Malleolus</h1>
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<hw>Mal*le"*o*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Malleoli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>malleus</ets> hammer.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A projection at the distal end of each bone of the leg at the ankle joint. The malleolus of the tibia is the internal projection, that of the fibula the external.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>" A layer, " a shoot partly buried in the ground, and there cut halfway through.</def>

<h1>Mallet</h1>
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<hw>Mal"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>maillet</ets>, dim. of <ets>mail</ets>. See <er>Mall</er> a beetle.]</ety> <def>A small maul with a short handle, -- used esp. for driving a tool, as a chisel or the like; also, a light beetle with a long handle, -- used in playing croquet.</def>

<h1>Malleus</h1>
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<hw>Mal"le*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mallei</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., hammer. See <er>Mall</er> a beetle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The outermost of the three small auditory bones, ossicles; the hammer. It is attached to the tympanic membrane by a long process, the handle or manubrium. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Far</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the hard lateral pieces of the mastax of Rotifera. See <er>Mastax</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of bivalve shells; the hammer shell.</def>

<h1>Mallophaga</h1>
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<hw>Mal*loph"a*ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a lock of wool + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive group of insects which are parasitic on birds and mammals, and feed on the feathers and hair; -- called also <altname>bird lice</altname>. See <cref>Bird louse</cref>, under <er>Bird</er>.</def>

<h1>Mallotus</h1>
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<hw>Mal*lo"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr Gr. <?/ fleecy.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small Arctic fishes. One American species, the capelin (<spn>Mallotus villosus</spn>), is extensively used as bait for cod.</def>

<h1>Mallow, Mallows</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mal"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mal"lows</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>malwe</ets>, AS. <ets>mealwe</ets>, fr. L. <ets>malva</ets>, akin to Gr. <grk>mala`chh</grk>; cf. <grk>mala`ssein</grk> to soften, <grk>malako`s</grk> soft. Named either from its softening or relaxing properties, or from its soft downy leaves. Cf. <er>Mauve</er>, <er>Malachite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants (<spn>Malva</spn>) having mucilaginous qualities. See <er>Malvaceous</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The flowers of the common mallow (<spn>M. sylvestris</spn>) are used in medicine. The dwarf mallow (<spn>M. rotundifolia</spn>) is a common weed, and its flattened, dick-shaped fruits are called <i>cheeses</i> by children. Tree mallow (<spn>M. Mauritiana</spn> and <spn>Lavatera arborea</spn>), musk mallow (<spn>M. moschata</spn>), rose mallow or hollyhock, and curled mallow (<spn>M. crispa</spn>), are less commonly seen.</note>

<cs><col>Indian mallow</col>. <cd>See <er>Abutilon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Jew's mallow</col>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Corchorus olitorius</spn>) used as a pot herb by the Jews of Egypt and Syria.</cd> -- <col>Marsh mallow</col>. <cd>See under <er>Marsh</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mallowwort</h1>
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<hw>Mal"low*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the order <spn>Malvace\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Malm, Malmbrick</h1>
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<hw><hw>Malm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Malm"brick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>mealm</ets> sand.]</ety> <def>A kind of brick of a light brown or yellowish color, made of sand, clay, and chalk.</def>

<h1>Malma</h1>
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<hw>Mal"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spotted trout (<spn>Salvelinus malma</spn>), inhabiting Northern America, west of the Rocky Mountains; -- called also <altname>Dolly Varden trout</altname>, <altname>bull trout</altname>, <altname>red-spotted trout</altname>, and <altname>golet</altname>.</def>

<-- Insert: Illustr. of Malma (Salvelinus malma) -->

<h1>Malmag</h1>
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<hw>Mal"mag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from native name in Madagascar.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The tarsius, or spectral lemur.</def>

<h1>Malmsey</h1>
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<hw>Malm"sey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>malvesie</ets>, F. <ets>malvoisie</ets>, It. <ets>malvasia</ets>, <ets>malavagia</ets>, fr. <ets>Malvasia</ets>, or Napoli di <ets>Malvasia</ets>, in the Morea.]</ety> <def>A kind of sweet wine from Crete, the Canary Islands, etc.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Malnutrition</h1>
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<hw>Mal`nu*tri"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mal-</ets> + <ets>nutrition</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Faulty or imperfect nutrition.</def>

<h1>Malobservation</h1>
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<hw>Mal*ob`ser*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mal-</ets> + <ets>observation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Erroneous observation.</def>

<i>J. S Mill.</i>

<h1>Malodor</h1>
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<hw>Mal*o"dor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An Offensive to the sense of smell; ill-smelling.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mal*o"dor*ous*ness</wf>. <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Malonate</h1>
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<hw>Mal"o*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>At salt of malonic acid.</def>

<h1>Malonic</h1>
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<hw>Ma*lon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid produced artifically as a white crystalline substance, <chform>CH2.(CO2H)2</chform>, and so called because obtained by the oxidation of <i>malic</i> acid.</def><-- (Org. Chem.) a dicarboxylic acid -->

<h1>Malonyl</h1>
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<hw>Mal"o*nyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Malonic</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon radical, <chform>CH2.(CO)2</chform>, from malonic acid.</def>
<-- divalent, a diacyl radical -->

<h1>Malpighia</h1>
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<hw>Mal*pi"ghi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Malpighian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of tropical American shrubs with opposite leaves and small white or reddish flowers. The drupes of <spn>Malpighia urens</spn> are eaten under the name of <i>Barbadoes cherries</i>.</def>

<h1>Malpighiaceous</h1>
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<hw>Mal*pi`ghi*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of tropical trees and shrubs (<spn>Malpighiace\'91</spn>), some of them climbing plants, and their stems forming many of the curious lianes of South American forests.</def>

<h1>Malpighian</h1>
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<hw>Mal*pi"ghi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or discovered by, Marcello Malpighi, an Italian anatomist of the 17th century.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Malhighian</col> <col>capsules &or; corpuscles</col></mcol>, <cd>the globular dilatations, containing the glomeruli or Malpighian tufts, at the extremities of the urinary tubules of the kidney.</cd> <col>Malpighian corpuscles of the spleen</col>, <cd>masses of adenoid tissue connected with branches of the splenic artery.</cd></cs>

<h1>Malposition</h1>
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<hw>Mal`po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mal-</ets> + <ets>position</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wrong position.</def>

<h1>Malpractice</h1>
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<hw>Mal*prac"tice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mal-</ets> + <ets>practice</ets>.]</ety> <def>Evil practice; illegal or immoral conduct; practice contrary to established rules; specifically, the treatment of a case by a surgeon or physician in a manner which is contrary to accepted rules and productive of unfavorable results.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>malepractice</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Malt</h1>
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<hw>Malt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>mealt</ets>; akin to D. <ets>mout</ets>, G. <ets>malz</ets>, Icel., Sw., & Dan. <ets>malt</ets>, and E. <ets>melt</ets>. &root;108. See <er>Melt</er>.]</ety> <def>Barley or other grain, steeped in water and dried in a kiln, thus forcing germination until the saccharine principle has been evolved. It is used in brewing and in the distillation of whisky.</def>

<h1>Malt</h1>
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<hw>Malt</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, containing, or made with, malt.</def>

<cs><col>Malt liquor</col>, <cd>an alcoholic liquor, as beer, ale, porter, etc., prepared by fermenting an infusion of malt.</cd> -- <col>Malt dust</col>, <cd>fine particles of malt, or of the grain used in making malt; -used as a fertilizer. " <i>Malt dust<i> consists chiefly of the infant radicle separated from the grain." <i>Sir H. Davy</i>.</cd> -- <col>Malt floor</col>, <cd>a floor for drying malt.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Malt house</col>, &or; <col>Malthouse</col></mcol>, <cd>a house in which malt is made.</cd> -- <col>Malt kiln</col>, <cd>a heated chamber for drying malt.</cd></cs>

<h1>Malt</h1>
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<hw>Malt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Malted</er>: <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Malting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make into malt; <as>as, to <ex>malt</ex> barley</as>.</def>

<h1>Malt</h1>
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<hw>Malt</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become malt; also, to make grain into malt.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Maltalent</h1>
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<hw>Mal"ta*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Malice</er>, and <er>Talent</er>.]</ety> <def>Ill will; malice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Maltese</h1>
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<hw>Mal*tese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to <i>Malta</i> or to its inhabitants.</def> -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Malta; the people of Malta.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Maltese cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a mouse-colored variety of the domestic cat.</cd> -- <col>Maltese cross</col>. <cd>See <i>Illust<i>. 5, of <er>Cross</er>.</cd> -- <col>Maltese dog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a breed of small terriers, having long silky white hair. The breed originated in Malta.</cd></cs>

<h1>Maltha</h1>
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<hw>Mal"tha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A variety of bitumen, viscid and tenacious, like pitch, unctuous to the touch, and exhaling a bituminous odor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mortar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Malthusian</h1>
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<hw>Mal*thu"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the political economist, the Rev. T. R. <i>Malthus</i>, or conforming to his views; <as>as, <ex>Malthusian</ex> theories</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; Malthus held that population tends to increase faster than its means of subsistence can be made to do, and hence that the lower classes must necessarily suffer more or less from lack of food, unless an increase of population be checked by prudential restraint or otherwise.</note>

<h1>Mathusian</h1>
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<hw>Ma*thu"sian</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A follower of Malthus.</def>

<h1>Malthusianism</h1>
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<hw>Mal*thu"sian*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The system of Malthusian doctrines relating to population.</def>

<h1>Maltin, Maltine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Malt"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Malt"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>The fermentative principle of malt; malt diastase; also, a name given to various medicinal preparations made from or containing malt.</def>

<h1>Malting</h1>
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<hw>Malt"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of making, or of becoming malt.</def>

<h1>Maltman</h1>
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<hw>Malt"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Maltmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man whose occupation is to make malt.</def>

<h1>Maltonic</h1>
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<hw>Mal*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, maltose; specif., designating an acid called also <altname>gluconic</altname> or <altname>dextronic</altname> acid. See <er>Gluconic</er>.</def>

<h1>Maltose</h1>
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<hw>Malt"ose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Malt</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline sugar formed from starch by the action of distance of malt, and the amylolytic ferment of saliva and pancreatic juice. It resembles dextrose, but rotates the plane of polarized light further to the right and possesses a lower cupric oxide reducing power.</def>

<h1>Maltreat</h1>
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<hw>Mal*treat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Maltreated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Maltreating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Mal-</ets> + <ets>treat</ets>: cf. F. <ets>maltraiter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To treat ill; to abuse; to treat roughly.</def>

<h1>Maltreament</h1>
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<hw>Mal*trea"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>maltraitement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ill treatment; ill usage; abuse.</def>

<h1>Maltster</h1>
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<hw>Malt"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A maltman.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Maltworm</h1>
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<hw>Malt"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tippler.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Malty</h1>
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<hw>Malt"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting, or like, malt.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Malum</h1>
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<hw>Ma"lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mala</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>An evil. See <er>Mala</er>.</def>

<h1>Malvaceous</h1>
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<hw>Mal*va"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>malvaceus</ets>, from <ets>malva</ets> mallows. See <er>Mallow</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants (<spn>Malvace\'91</spn>), of which the mallow is the type. The cotton plant, hollyhock, and abutilon are of this order, and the baobab and the silk-cotton trees are now referred to it.</def>

<h1>Malversation</h1>
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<hw>Mal`ver*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>malverser</ets> to be corrupt in office, fr. L. <ets>male</ets> ill + <ets>versari</ets> to move about, to occupy one's self, <ets>vertere</ets> to turn. See <er>Malice</er>, and <er>Verse</er>.]</ety> <def>Evil conduct; fraudulent practices; misbehavior, corruption, or extortion in office.</def>

<h1>Malvesie</h1>
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<hw>Mal"ve*sie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Malmsey wine. See <er>Malmsey</er>.</def> " A jub of <i>malvesye</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Man</h1>
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<hw>Man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>mamma</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mamma.</def>

<h1>Mama</h1>
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<hw>Ma*ma"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mamma</er>.</def>

<h1>Mamaluke</h1>
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<hw>Mam"a*luke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Mameluke</er>.</def>

<h1>Mamelon</h1>
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<hw>Mam"e*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A rounded hillock; a rounded elevation or protuberance.</def>

<i>Westmin. Rev.</i>

<h1>Mameluco</h1>
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<hw>Mam`e*lu"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg.]</ety> <def>A child born of a white father and Indian mother.</def> <mark>[S. Amer.]</mark>

<h1>Mameluke</h1>
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<hw>Mam"e*luke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mamelouk</ets>, cf. Sp. <ets>mameluco</ets>, It. <ets>mammalucco</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>maml<?/k</ets> a purchased slave or captive; lit., possessed or in one's power, p. p. of <ets>malaka</ets> to possesses.]</ety> <def>One of a body of mounted soldiers recruited from slaves converted to Mohammedanism, who, during several centuries, had more or less control of the government of Egypt, until exterminated or dispersed by Mehemet Ali in 1811.</def>

<h1>Mamillated</h1>
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<hw>Mam"il*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Mammillated</er>.</def>

<h1>Mamma</h1>
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<hw>Mam*ma"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Reduplicated from the infantine word <ets>ma</ets>, influenced in spelling by L. <ets>mamma</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mother; -- word of tenderness and familiarity.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mama</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Tell tales papa and <b>mamma</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mamma</h1>
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<hw>Mam"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mamm\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>mamma</ets> breast.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A glandular organ for secreting milk, characteristic of all mammals, but usually rudimentary in the male; a mammary gland; a breast; under; bag.</def>

<h1>Mammal</h1>
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<hw>Mam"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mammals</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>mammalis</ets> belonging to the breast, fr. <ets>mamma</ets> the breast or pap: cf. F. <ets>mammal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Mammalia.</def>

<cs><col>Age of mammals</col>. <cd>See under <er>Age</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 8.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mammalia</h1>
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<hw>Mam*ma"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>mammalis</ets>. See <er>Mammal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The highest class of Vertebrata. The young are nourished for a time by milk, or an analogous fluid, secreted by the mammary glands of the mother.</def>

<note>&hand; Mammalia are divided into threes subclasses; --

I. <stype>Placentalia</stype>. This subclass embraces all the higher orders, including man. In these the fetus is attached to the uterus by a placenta.

II. <stype>Marsupialia</stype>. In these no placenta is formed, and the young, which are born at an early state of development, are carried for a time attached to the teats, and usually protected by a marsupial pouch. The opossum, kangaroo, wombat, and koala are examples.

III. <stype>Monotremata</stype>. In this group, which includes the genera <spn>Echidna</spn> and <spn>Ornithorhynchus</spn>, the female lays large eggs resembling those of a bird or lizard, and the young, which are hatched like those of birds, are nourished by a watery secretion from the imperfectly developed mamm\'91.
</note>

<h1>Mammalian</h1>
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<hw>Mam*ma"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Mammalia or mammals.</def>

<h1>Mammaliferous</h1>
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<hw>Mam`ma*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mammal</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Containing mammalian remains; -- said of certain strata.</def>

<h1>Mammalogical</h1>
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<hw>Mam`ma*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to mammalogy.</def>

<h1>Mammalogist</h1>
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<hw>Mam*mal"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mammalogiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in mammalogy.</def>

<h1>Mammalogy</h1>
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<hw>Mam*mal"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mamma</ets> breast + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. f. <ets>mammalogie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which relates to mammals or the Mammalia. See <er>Mammalia</er>.</def>

<h1>Mammary</h1>
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<hw>Mam"ma*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mammaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the mamm\'91 or breasts; <as>as, the <ex>mammary</ex> arteries and veins</as>.</def>

<h1>Mammee</h1>
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<hw>Mam*mee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Haytian <ets>mamey</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fruit tree of tropical America, belonging to the genus <spn>Mammea</spn> (<spn>M. Americana</spn>); also, its fruit. The latter is large, covered with a thick, tough ring, and contains a bright yellow pulp of a pleasant taste and fragrant scent. It is often called <altname>mammee apple</altname>.</def>

<h1>Mammer</h1>
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<hw>Mam"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>memme</ets> coward, poltroon.]</ety> <def>To hesitate; to mutter doubtfully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mammet</h1>
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<hw>Mam"met</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mawmet</er>.]</ety> <def>An idol; a puppet; a doll.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Selden. Shak. </i>

<h1>Mammetry</h1>
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<hw>Mam"met*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mawmetry</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mammifer</h1>
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<hw>Mam"mi*fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Mammiferous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mammal. See <er>Mammalia</er>.</def>

<h1>Mammiferous</h1>
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<hw>Mam*mif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mamma</ets> breast + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mammif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having breasts; of, pertaining to, or derived from, the Mammalia.</def>

<h1>Mammiform</h1>
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<hw>Mam"mi*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mamma</ets> breast + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mammiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a mamma (breast) or mamm\'91.</def>

<h1>Mammilla</h1>
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<hw>Mam*mil"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mammil\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>mamma</ets> a breast.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The nipple.</def>

<h1>Mammillary</h1>
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<hw>Mam"mil*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mammilaire</ets>. See <er>Mammilla</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the mammilla, or nipple, or to the breast; resembling a mammilla; mammilloid.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Composed of convex convex concretions, somewhat resembling the breasts in form; studded with small mammiform protuberances.</def>

<h1>Mammillate, Mammillated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mam"mil*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mam"mil*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mammilla</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having small nipples, or small protuberances like nipples or mamm\'91.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Bounded like a nipple; -- said of the apex of some shells.</def>

<h1>Mammilliform</h1>
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<hw>Mam*mil"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mammil<?/<?/</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a mammilla.</def>

<h1>Mammilloid</h1>
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<hw>Mam"mil*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mammilla</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like a mammilla or nipple; mammilliform.</def>

<h1>Mammock</h1>
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<hw>Mam"mock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. & Gael. <ets>mam</ets> a round hill + <ets>-ock</ets>.]</ety> <def>A shapeless piece; a fragment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mammock</h1>
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<hw>Mam"mock</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tear to pieces.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Mammodis</h1>
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<hw>Mam"mo*dis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mamoudis</ets>, fr. Hind. <ets>mahm&umac;d\'c6</ets> a muslin.]</ety> <def>Coarse plain India muslins.</def>

<h1>Mammology</h1>
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<hw>Mam*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mamma</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mastology. See <er>Mammalogy</er>.</def>

<h1>Mammon</h1>
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<hw>Mam"mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mammona</ets>, Gr. <?/ riches, Syr. <ets>mam<?/n\'be</ets>; cf. Heb. <ets>matm<?/n</ets> a hiding place, subterranean storehouse, treasury, fr. <ets>t\'beman</ets> to hide.]</ety> <def>Riches; wealth; the god of riches; riches, personified.</def>

<blockquote>Ye can not serve God and <b>Mammon</b>.
<i>Matt. vi. 24.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mammonish</h1>
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<hw>Mam"mon*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Actuated or prompted by a devotion to money getting or the service of Mammon.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Mammonism</h1>
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<hw>Mam"mon*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Devotion to the pursuit of wealth; worldliness.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Mammonist</h1>
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<hw>Mam"mon*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mammonite.</def>

<h1>Mammonite</h1>
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<hw>Mam"mon*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One devoted to the acquisition of wealth or the service of Mammon.</def>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Mammonization</h1>
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<hw>Mam`mon*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of making mammonish; the state of being under the influence of mammonism.</def>

<h1>Mammonize</h1>
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<hw>Mam"mon*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make mammonish.</def>

<h1>Mammose</h1>
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<hw>Mam*mose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mammosus</ets> having large breasts, <ets>mamma</ets> breast.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the form of the breast; breast-shaped.</def>

<hr>
<page="889">
Page 889<p>

<h1>Mammoth</h1>
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<hw>Mam"moth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>m\'83mont</ets>, <ets>m\'a0mant</ets>, fr. Tartar <ets>mamma</ets> the earth. Certain Tartar races, the Tungooses and Yakoots, believed that the mammoth worked its way in the earth like a mole.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extinct, hairy, maned elephant (<spn>Elephas primigenius</spn>), of enormous size, remains of which are found in the northern parts of both continents. The last of the race, in Europe, were coeval with prehistoric man.</def>

<note>&hand; Several specimens have been found in Siberia preserved entire, with the flesh and hair remaining. They were imbedded in the ice cliffs at a remote period, and became exposed by the melting of the ice.</note>

<h1>Mammoth</h1>
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<hw>Mam"moth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling the mammoth in size; very large; gigantic; <as>as, a <ex>mammoth</ex> ox</as>.</def>

<h1>Mammothrept</h1>
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<hw>Mam"mo*thrept</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ grandmother + <?/ to nourish.]</ety> <def>A child brought up by its grandmother; a spoiled child.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>O, you are a more <b>mammothrept</b> in judgment.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mammy</h1>
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<hw>Mam"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mammies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A child's name for <i>mamma</i>, mother.</def>

<h1>Mamzer</h1>
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<hw>Mam"zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>m\'a0mz<?/r</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person born of relations between whom marriage was forbidden by the Mosaic law; a bastard.</def> <i>Deut. xxiii. 2 (Douay version)</i>.

<h1>Man</h1>
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<hw>Man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Men</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>mann</ets>, <ets>man</ets>, <ets>monn</ets>, <ets>mon</ets>; akin to OS., D., & OHG. <ets>man</ets>, G. <ets>mann</ets>, Icel. <ets>ma&edh;r</ets>, for <ets>mannr</ets>, Dan. <ets>Mand</ets>, Sw. <ets>man</ets>, Goth. <ets>manna</ets>, Skr. <ets>manu</ets>, <ets>manus</ets>, and perh. to Skr. <ets>man</ets> to think, and E. <ets>mind</ets>. &root;104. Cf. <er>Minx</er> a pert girl.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A human being; -- opposed to<i>beast</i>.</def>

<blockquote>These <b>men</b> went about wide, and <b>man</b> found they none,
But fair country, and wild beast many [a] one.
<i>R. of Glouc.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The king is but a <b>man</b>, as I am; the violet smells to him as it doth to me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<--" 'Tain't a fit night out for man nor beast! " [W.C. Fields] -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Especially: An adult male person; a grown-up male person, as distinguished from a woman or a child.</def>

<blockquote>When I became a <b>man</b>, I put away childish things.
<i>I Cor. xiii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ceneus, a woman once, and once a <b>man</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The human race; mankind.</def>

<blockquote>And God said, Let us make <b>man</b> in our image, after our likeness, and let them have dominion.
<i>Gen. i. 26.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The proper study of mankind is <b>man</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The male portion of the human race.</def>

<blockquote>Woman has, in general, much stronger propensity than <b>man</b> to the discharge of parental duties.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>One possessing in a high degree the distinctive qualities of manhood; one having manly excellence of any kind.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>This was the noblest Roman of them all . . . the elements
So mixed in him that Nature might stand up
And say to all the world "This was a <b>man</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An adult male servant; also, a vassal; a subject.</def>

<blockquote>Like master, like <b>man</b>.
<i>Old Proverb.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The vassal, or tenant, kneeling, ungirt, uncovered, and holding up his hands between those of his lord, professed that he did become his <b>man</b> from that day forth, of life, limb, and earthly honor.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A term of familiar address often implying on the part of the speaker some degree of authority, impatience, or haste; as, Come, <i>man</i>, we 've no time to lose !</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A married man; a husband; -- correlative to <i>wife</i></def>.

<blockquote>I pronounce that they are <b>man</b> and wife.
<i>Book of Com. Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>every wife ought to answer for her <b>man</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>One, or any one, indefinitely; -- a modified survival of the Saxon use of <i>man</i>, or <i>mon</i>, as an indefinite pronoun.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>man</b> can not make him laugh.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>man</b> would expect to find some antiquities; but all they have to show of this nature is an old rostrum of a Roman ship.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>One of the piece with which certain games, as chess or draughts, are played.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Man</i> is often used as a prefix in composition, or as a separate adjective, its sense being usually self-explaining; as, <i>man</i> child, <i>man</i> eater or <i>man</i>eater, <i>man-</i>eating, <i>man</i> hater or <i>man</i>hater, <i>man-</i>hating, <i>man</i>hunter, <i>man-</i>hunting, <i>man</i>killer, <i>man-</i>killing, <i>man</i> midwife, <i>man</i> pleaser, <i>man</i> servant, <i>man-</i>shaped, <i>man</i>slayer, <i>man</i>stealer, <i>man-stealing</i>, <i>man</i>thief, <i>man</i> worship, etc.</note>

<i>Man</i> is also used as a suffix to denote a person of the male sex having a business which pertains to the thing spoken of in the qualifying part of the compound; ash<i>man</i>, butter<i>man</i>, laundry<i>man</i>, lumber<i>man</i>, milk<i>man</i>, fire<i>man</i>, show<i>man</i>, water<i>man</i>, wood<i>man</i>. Where the combination is not familiar, or where some specific meaning of the compound is to be avoided, <i>man</i> is used as a separate substantive in the foregoing sense; as, apple <i>man</i>, cloth <i>man</i>, coal <i>man</i>, hardware <i>man</i>, wood <i>man</i> (as distinguished from wood<i>man</i>).

<cs><col>Man ape</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a anthropoid ape, as the gorilla.</cd> -- <col>Man at arms</col>, <cd>a designation of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries for a soldier fully armed.</cd> -- <col>Man engine</col>, <cd>a mechanical lift for raising or lowering people through considerable distances; specifically <fld>(Mining)</fld>, a contrivance by which miners ascend or descend in a shaft. It consists of a series of landings in the shaft and an equal number of shelves on a vertical rod which has an up and down motion equal to the distance between the successive landings. A man steps from a landing to a shelf and is lifted or lowered to the next landing, upon which he them steps, and so on, traveling by successive stages.</cd> -- <col>Man Friday</col>, <cd>a person wholly subservient to the will of another, like Robinson Crusoe's servant Friday.</cd> -- <col>Man of straw</col>, <cd>a puppet; one who is controlled by others; also, one who is not responsible pecuniarily.</cd> -- <col>Man-of-the earth</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a twining plant (<spn>Ipom\'d2a pandurata</spn>) with leaves and flowers much like those of the morning-glory, but having an immense tuberous farinaceous root.</cd> -- <col>Man of war</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A warrior; a soldier</cd>. <i>Shak</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>To be one's own man</col>, <cd>to have command of one's self; not to be subject to another.</cd></cs>

<h1>Man</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Manned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Manning</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To supply with men; to furnish with a sufficient force or complement of men, as for management, service, defense, or the like; to guard; <as>as, to <ex>man</ex> a ship, boat, or fort</as>.</def>

<blockquote>See how the surly Warwick <b>mans</b> the wall !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>man</b> their boats, and all their young men arm.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with strength for action; to prepare for efficiency; to fortify.</def> "Theodosius having <i>manned</i> his soul with proper reflections."

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To tame, as a hawk.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To furnish with a servants.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To wait on as a manservant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; In "Othello," V. ii. 270, the meaning is uncertain, being, perhaps: To point, to aim, or to manage.</note>

<cs><col>To man a yard</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to send men upon a yard, as for furling or reefing a sail.</cd> -- <col>To man the yards</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to station men on the yards as a salute or mark of respect.</cd></cs>

<h1>Manable</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marriageable.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Manace</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man"ace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Menace</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Manacle</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man"a*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>manicle</ets>, OF. <ets>manicle</ets>, F. <ets>manicle</ets> sort glove, manacle, L. <ets>manicula</ets> a little hand, dim. of <ets>manus</ets> hand; cf. L. <ets>manica</ets> sleeve, manacle, fr.<ets>manus</ets>. See <er>Manual</er>.]</ety> <def>A handcuff; a shackle for the hand or wrist; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>Doctrine unto fools is as fetters on the feet, and like <b>manacles</b> on the right hand.
<i>Ecclus. xxi. 19.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Manacle</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man"a*cle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Manacled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Manacling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To put handcuffs or other fastening upon, for confining the hands; to shackle; to confine; to restrain from the use of the limbs or natural powers.</def>

<blockquote>Is it thus you use this monarch, to <b>manacle</b> and shackle him hand and foot ?
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Manage</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>man\'8age</ets>, It.  <ets>maneggio</ets>, fr. <ets>maneggiare</ets> to manage, fr. L.<ets>manus</ets>hand. Perhaps somewhat influenced by F.  <ets>m\'82nage</ets> housekeeping, OF. <ets>mesnage</ets>, akin to E. <ets>mansion</ets>. See <er>Manual</er>, and cf. <er>Manege</er>.]</ety> <def>The handling or government of anything, but esp. of a horse; management; administration. See <er>Manege</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Young men, in the conduct and <b>manage</b> of actions, embrace more than they can hold.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Down, down I come; like glistering Pha\'89thon

<blockquote>Wanting the <b>manage</b> of unruly jades.

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The unlucky <b>manage</b> of this fatal brawl.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word, in its limited sense of management of a horse, has been displaced by <i>manege</i>; in its more general meaning, by <i>management</i>.</note>

<h1>Manage</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Managed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Managing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Manage</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have under control and direction; to conduct; to guide; to administer; to treat; to handle.</def>

<blockquote>Long tubes are cumbersome, and scarce to be easily <b>managed</b>.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What wars I<b>manage</b>, and what wreaths I gain.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Esp., to guide by careful or delicate treatment; to wield with address; to make subservient by artful conduct; to bring around cunningly to one's plans.</def>

<blockquote>It was so much his interest to <b>manage</b> his Protestant subjects.
<i>Addison</i></blockquote>.

<blockquote>It was not her humor to <b>manage</b> those over whom she had gained an ascendant.
<i>Bp. Hurd.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To train in the manege, as a horse; to exercise in graceful or artful action.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To treat with care; to husband.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To bring about; to contrive.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To direct; govern; control; wield; order; contrive; concert; conduct; transact.</syn>

<h1>Manage</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man"age</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To direct affairs; to carry on business or affairs; to administer.</def>

<blockquote>Leave them to <b>manage</b> for thee.
<i>Dryden</i></blockquote>.

<h1>Manageability</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man`age*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being manageable; manageableness.</def>

<h1>Manageable</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man"age*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be managed or used; suffering control; governable; tractable; subservient; <as>as, a <ex>manageable</ex> horse</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Governable; tractable; controllable; docile.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Man"age*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Man"age*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Manageless</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man"age*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unmanageable.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Management</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man"age*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Manage</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or art of managing; the manner of treating, directing, carrying on, or using, for a purpose; conduct; administration; guidance; control; <as>as, the <ex>management</ex> of a family or of a farm; the <ex>management</ex> of state affairs.</as></def> "The <i>management</i> of the voice."

<i>E. Porter. </i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Business dealing; negotiation; arrangement.</def>

<blockquote>He had great <b>managements</b> with ecclesiastics.
<i>Addison</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Judicious use of means to accomplish an end; conduct directed by art or address; skillful treatment; cunning practice; -- often in a bad sense.</def>

<blockquote>Mark with what <b>management</b> their tribes divide
Some stick to you, and some to t'other side.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The collective body of those who manage or direct any enterprise or interest; the board of managers.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Conduct; administration; government; direction; guidance; care; charge; contrivance; intrigue.</syn>

<h1>Manager</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man"a*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who manages; a conductor or director; <as>as, the <ex>manager</ex> of a theater</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A skillful <b>manager</b> of the rabble.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person who conducts business or household affairs with economy and frugality; a good economist.</def>

<blockquote>A prince of great aspiring thoughts; in the main, a <b>manager</b> of his treasure.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A contriver; an intriguer.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Managerial</h1>
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<hw>Man`a*ge"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to management or a manager; <as>as, <ex>managerial</ex> qualities</as>.</def> "<i>Managerial</i> responsibility."

<i>C. Bront\'82.</i>

<h1>Managership</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man"a*ger*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or position of a manager.</def>

<h1>Managery</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man"age*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>menagerie</ets>, <ets>mesnagerie</ets>. See <er>Manage</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Menagerie</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Management; manner of using; conduct; direction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Husbandry; economy; frugality.</def>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Manakin</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man"a*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  & G. <ets>manakin</ets>; prob. the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous small birds belonging to <spn>Pipra</spn>, <spn>Manacus</spn>, and other genera of the family <spn>Piprid\'91</spn>. They are mostly natives of Central and South America. some are bright-colored, and others have the wings and tail curiously ornamented. The name is sometimes applied to related birds of other families.</def>

<h1>Manakin</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man"a*kin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dwarf. See <er>Manikin</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Manatee</h1>
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<hw>Man`a*tee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>manat\'a1</ets>, from the native name in Hayti. Cf. <er>Lamantin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of <spn>Trichechus</spn>, a genus of sirenians; -- called also<altname>sea cow</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>manaty</asp>, <asp>manati</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; One species (<spn>Trichechus Senegalensis</spn>) inhabits the west coast of Africa; another (<spn>T. Americanus</spn>) inhabits the east coast of South America, and the West-Indies. The Florida manatee (<spn>T. latirostris</spn>) is by some considered a distinct species, by others it is thought to be a variety of <spn>T. Americanus</spn>. It sometimes becomes fifteen feet or more in length, and lives both in fresh and salt water. It is hunted for its oil and flesh.</note>

<h1>Manation</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Ma*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[L.<ets>manatio</ets>, fr. <ets>manare</ets> to flow.]</ety> <def>The act of issuing or flowing out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Manbote</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man"bote`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>man</ets> man, vassal +  <ets>b&omac;t</ets> recompense.]</ety> <fld>(Anglo-Saxon Law)</fld> <def>A sum paid to a lord as a pecuniary compensation for killing his man (that is, his vassal, servant, or tenant).</def>

<i>Spelman.</i>

<h1>Manca</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Mancus</er>.</def>

<h1>Manche</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Manche</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Also <asp>maunch</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[F. <ets>manche</ets>, fr. L. <ets>manica</ets>. See <er>Manacle</er>.]</ety> <def>A sleeve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Manchet</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man"chet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fine white bread; a loaf of fine bread.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bacon. Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Manchineel</h1>
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<hw>Man`chi*neel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.  <ets>manzanillo</ets>, fr.  <ets>manzana</ets> an apple, fr. L.  <ets>malum Matianum</ets> a kind of apple. So called from its apple-like fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A euphorbiaceous tree (<spn>Hippomane Mancinella</spn>) of tropical America, having a poisonous and blistering milky juice, and poisonous acrid fruit somewhat resembling an apple.</def>

<cs><col>Bastard manchineel</col>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Cameraria latifolia</spn>) of the East Indies, having similar poisonous properties. <i>Lindley</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Manchu</h1>
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<hw>Man*chu"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>Manchoo</ets>, <ets>Mantchoo</ets>, etc.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Manchuria or its inhabitants.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Manchuria; also, the language spoken by the Manchus.</def></def2>

<h1>Mancipate</h1>
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<hw>Man"ci*pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mancipatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>mancipare</ets> to sell. Cf. <er>Emancipate</er>.]</ety> <def>To enslave; to bind; to restrict.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Mancipation</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man`ci*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mancipatio</ets> a transfer.]</ety> <def>Slavery; involuntary servitude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Manciple</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man"ci*ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From OF. <ets>mancipe</ets> slave, servant (with <ets>l</ets> inserted, as in <ets>participle</ets>), fr. L.  <ets>mancipium</ets>. See <er>Mancipate</er>.]</ety> <def>A steward; a purveyor, particularly of a college or Inn of Court.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mancona bark</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man*co"na bark`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. See <er>Sassy bark</er>.</def>

<h1>Mancus</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.]</ety> <def>An old Anglo Saxon coin both of gold and silver, and of variously estimated values. The silver <i>mancus</i> was equal to about one shilling of modern English money.</def>

<h1>-mancy</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>-man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ divination: cf. F. <ets>-mancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A combining form denoting <i>divination</i>; <as>as, aleuro<ex>mancy</ex>, chiro<ex>mancy</ex>, necro<ex>mancy</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Mand</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Mand</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A demand. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Demand</er>.</def>

<h1>Mandamus</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man*da"mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., we command, fr. <ets>mandare</ets> to command.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ issued by a superior court and directed to some inferior tribunal, or to some corporation or person exercising authority, commanding the performance of some specified duty.</def>

<h1>Mandarin</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man`da*rin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>mandarim</ets>, from Malay <ets>mantr\'c6</ets> minister of state, prop. a Hind. word, fr. Skr. <ets>mantrin</ets> a counselor, <ets>manira</ets> a counsel, <ets>man</ets> to think.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A Chinese public officer or nobleman; a civil or military official in China and Annam.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small orange, with easily separable rind. It is thought to be of Chinese origin, and is counted a distinct species (<spn>Citrus nobilis</spn>)<-- also <altname>mandarin orange</altname>; <altname>tangerine</altname> -->.</def>

<cs><col>Mandarin duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful Asiatic duck (<spn>Dendronessa galericulata</spn>), often domesticated, and regarded by the Chinese as an emblem of conjugal affection.</cd> -- <col>Mandarin language</col>, <cd>the spoken or colloquial language of educated people in China.</cd> -- <col>Mandarin yellow</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an artificial aniline dyestuff used for coloring silk and wool, and regarded as a complex derivative of quinoline.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mandarinate</h1>
<Xpage=889>

<hw>Man`da*rin"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The collective body of officials or persons of rank in China.</def>

<i>S. W. Williams.</i>

<hr>
<page="890">
Page 890<p>

<h1>Mandarinic</h1>
<Xpage=890>

<hw>Man`da*rin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Appropriate or peculiar to a mandarin.</def>

<h1>Mandarining</h1>
<Xpage=890>

<hw>Man`da*rin"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld> <def>The process of giving an orange color to goods formed of animal tissue, as silk or wool, not by coloring matter, but by producing a certain change in the fiber by the action of dilute nitric acid.</def>

<i>Tomlinson.</i>

<h1>Mandarinism</h1>
<Xpage=890>

<hw>Man`da*rin"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A government mandarins; character or spirit of the mandarins.</def>

<i>F. Lieder.</i>

<h1>Mandatary</h1>
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<hw>Man"da*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. mandatarius, fr. <ets>mandatum</ets> a charge, commission, order: cf. F. <ets>mandataire</ets>. See <er>Mandate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One to whom a command or charge is given; hence, specifically, a person to whom the pope has, by his prerogative, given a mandate or order for his benefice.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who undertakes to discharge a specific business commission; a mandatory.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Mandate</h1>
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<hw>Man"date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mandatum</ets>, fr. <ets>mandare</ets> to commit to one's charge, order, orig., to put into one's hand; <ets>manus</ets> hand + <ets>dare</ets> to give: cf. F. <ets>mandat</ets>. See <er>Manual</er>, <er>Date</er> a time, and cf. <er>Commend</er>, <er>Maundy Thursday</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An official or authoritative command; an order or injunction; a commission; a judicial precept.</def>

<blockquote>This dream all-powerful Juno; I bear
Her mighty <b>mandates</b>, and her words you hear.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Canon Law)</fld> <def>A rescript of the pope, commanding an ordinary collator to put the person therein named in possession of the first vacant benefice in his collation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A contract by which one employs another to manage any business for him. By the Roman law, it must have been gratuitous.</def>

<i>Erskine.</i>

<h1>Mandator</h1>
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<hw>Man*da"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A director; one who gives a mandate or order.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rom. Law)</fld> <def>The person who employs another to perform a mandate.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Mandatory</h1>
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<hw>Man"da*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mandatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing a command; preceptive; directory.</def>

<h1>Mandatory</h1>
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<hw>Man"da*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Mandatary</er>.</def>

<h1>Mandelate</h1>
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<hw>Man"del*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of mandelic acid.</def>

<h1>Mandelic</h1>
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<hw>Man*del"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>mandel</ets> almond.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to an acid first obtained from benzoic aldehyde (oil of better almonds), as a white crystalline substance; -- called also <i>phenyl glycolic acid</i>.</def>

<h1>Mander</h1>
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<hw>Man"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Maunder</er>.</def>

<h1>Manderil</h1>
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<hw>Man"der*il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mandrel.</def>

<h1>Mandible</h1>
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<hw>Man"di*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mandibula</ets>, <ets>mandibulum</ets>, fr. <ets>mandere</ets> to chew. Cf. <er>Manger</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bone, or principal bone, of the lower jaw; the inferior maxilla; -- also applied to either the upper or the lower jaw in the beak of birds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The anterior pair of mouth organs of insects, crustaceaus, and related animals, whether adapted for biting or not. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Diptera</er>.</def>

<h1>Mandibular</h1>
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<hw>Man*dib"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mandibulaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a mandible; like a mandible.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The principal mandibular bone; the mandible.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Mandibular arch</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the most anterior visceral arch, -- that in which the mandible is developed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mandibulate, Mandibulated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Man*dib"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Man*dib"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Provided with mandibles adapted for biting, as many insects.</def>

<h1>Mandibulate</h1>
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<hw>Man*dib"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect having mandibles.</def>

<h1>Mandibuliform</h1>
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<hw>Man`di*bu"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a mandible; -- said especially of the maxill\'91 of an insect when hard and adapted for biting.</def>

<h1>Mandibulohyoid</h1>
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<hw>Man*dib`u*lo*hy"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining both to the mandibular and the hyoid arch, or situated between them.</def>

<h1>Mandil</h1>
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<hw>Man"dil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>mandil</ets>; cf. Sp. & Pg. <ets>mandil</ets> a coarse apron, a haircloth; all from Ar. <ets>mandil</ets> tablecloth, handkerchief, mantle, fr. LGr. <?/, fr. L. <ets>mantile</ets>, <ets>mantele</ets>. See <er>Mantle</er>.]</ety> <def>A loose outer garment worn the 16th and 17th centuries.</def>

<h1>Mandilion</h1>
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<hw>Man*dil"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mandil</er>.</def> <i>Chapman</i>.

<h1>Mandingos</h1>
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<hw>Man*din"gos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt><def>; <i>sing</i>. <er>Mandingo</er>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> An extensive and powerful tribe of West African negroes.</def>

<h1>Mandioc, Mandioca</h1>
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<hw><hw>Man"di*oc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Man`di*o"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Manioc</er>.</def>

<h1>Mandlestone</h1>
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<hw>Man"dle*stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>mandelstein</ets> almond stone.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Amygdaloid.</def>

<h1>Mandment</h1>
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<hw>Mand"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Commandment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mandolin, Mandoline</h1>
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<hw><hw>Man"do*lin</hw>, <hw>Man"do*line</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mandoline</ets>, It. <ets>mandolino</ets>, dim. of <ets>mandola</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pandura</ets>. See <er>Bandore</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A small and beautifully shaped instrument resembling the lute.</def>

<h1>Mandore</h1>
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<hw>Man"dore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mandolin</er>, and <er>Bandore</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A kind of four-stringed lute.</def>

<h1>Mandragora</h1>
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<hw>Man*drag"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., <ets>mandragoras</ets> the mandrake.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants; the mandrake. See <er>Mandrake</er>, 1.</def>

<h1>Mandragorite</h1>
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<hw>Man*drag"o*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who habitually intoxicates himself with a narcotic obtained from mandrake.</def>

<h1>Mandrake</h1>
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<hw>Man"drake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>mandragora</ets>, L. <ets>mandragoras</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>mandragore</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A low plant (<spn>Mandragora officinarum</spn>) of the Nightshade family, having a fleshy root, often forked, and supposed to resemble a man. It was therefore supposed to have animal life, and to cry out when pulled up. All parts of the plant are strongly narcotic. It is found in the Mediterranean region.</def>

<blockquote>And shrieks like <b>mandrakes</b>, torn out of the earth,
That living mortals, hearing them, run mad.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The mandrake of Scripture was perhaps the same plant, but proof is wanting.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The May apple (<spn>Podophyllum peltatum</spn>). See <cref>May apple</cref> under <er>May</er>, and <er>Podophyllum</er>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Mandrel</h1>
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<hw>Man"drel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mandrin</ets>, prob. through (assumed) LL. <ets>mamphurinum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mamphur</ets> a bow drill.]</ety> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bar of metal inserted in the work to shape it, or to hold it, as in a lathe, during the process of manufacture; an arbor.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The live spindle of a turning lathe; the revolving arbor of a circular saw. It is usually driven by a pulley.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>manderil</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Mandrel lathe</col>, <cd>a lathe with a stout spindle, adapted esp. for chucking, as for forming hollow articles by turning or spinning.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mandrill</h1>
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<hw>Man"drill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mandrille</ets>, Sp. <ets>mandril</ets>, It. <ets>mandrillo</ets>; prob. the native name in Africa. Cf. <er>Drill</er> an ape.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>a large West African baboon (<spn>Cynocephalus, &or; Papio, mormon</spn>). The adult male has, on the sides of the nose, large, naked, grooved swellings, conspicuously striped with blue and red.</def>

<h1>Manducable</h1>
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<hw>Man"du*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>manducable</ets>. See <er>Manducate</er>.]</ety> <def>Such as can be chewed; fit to be eaten.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Any <b>manducable</b> creature.
<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Manducate</h1>
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<hw>Man"du*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Manducated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Manducating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>manducatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>manducare</ets> to chew. See <er>Manger</er>.]</ety> <def>To masticate; to chew; to eat.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor. </i>

<h1>Manducation</h1>
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<hw>Man`du*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>manducatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>manducation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of chewing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Manducatory</h1>
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<hw>Man"du*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or employed in, chewing.</def>

<h1>Manducus</h1>
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<hw>Man*du"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>manducare</ets> to chew.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. & Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A grotesque mask, representing a person chewing or grimacing, worn in processions and by comic actors on the stage.</def>

<h1>Mane</h1>
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<hw>Mane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>manu</ets>; akin to OD. <ets>mane</ets>, D. <ets>maan</ets>, G. <ets>m\'84hne</ets>, OHG. <ets>mana</ets>, Icel. <ets>m\'94n</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>man</ets>, AS. <ets>mene</ets> necklace, Icel. <ets>men</ets>, L. <ets>monile</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, Skr. <ets>many\'be</ets> neck muscles. &root;275.]</ety> <def>The long and heavy hair growing on the upper side of, or about, the neck of some quadrupedal animals, as the horse, the lion, etc. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Horse</er>.</def>

<h1>Man-eater</h1>
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<hw>Man"-eat`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One who, or that which, has an appetite for human flesh; specifically, one of certain large sharks (esp. <spn>Carcharodon Rondeleti</spn>); also, a lion or a tiger which has acquired the habit of feeding upon human flesh.</def>

<h1>Maned</h1>
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<hw>Maned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a mane.</def>

<cs><col>Maned seal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the sea lion.</cd> -- <col>Maned sheep</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the aoudad.</cd></cs>

<h1>Manege</h1>
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<hw>Ma*nege"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>man\'8age</ets>. See <er>Manage</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Art of horsemanship, or of training horses</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A school for teaching horsemanship, and for training horses.</def>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Maneh</h1>
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<hw>Ma"neh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>m\'beneh</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Hebrew weight for gold or silver, being one hundred shekels of gold and sixty shekels of silver.</def>

<i>Ezek. xlv. 12.</i>

<h1>Maneless</h1>
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<hw>Mane"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no mane.</def>

<cs><col>Maneless lion</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of the lion having a short, inconspicuous mane. It inhabits Arabia and adjacent countries.</cd></cs>

<h1>Manequin</h1>
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<hw>Man"e*quin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Manikin</er>.]</ety> <def>An artist's model of wood or other material.</def>

<h1>Manerial</h1>
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<hw>Ma*ne"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Manorial</er>.</def>

<h1>Manes</h1>
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<hw>Ma"nes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The benevolent spirits of the dead, especially of dead ancestors, regarded as family deities and protectors.</def>

<blockquote>Hail, O ye holy <b>manes</b>!
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Manesheet</h1>
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<hw>Mane"sheet`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A covering placed over the upper part of a horse's head.</def>

<h1>Maneuver, Man\'d2uvre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ma*neu"ver</hw>, <hw>Ma*n\'d2u"vre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>man\'d2uvre</ets>, OF. <ets>manuevre</ets>, LL. <ets>manopera</ets>, lit., hand work, manual labor; L.<ets>manus</ets> hand + <ets>opera</ets>, fr. <ets>opus</ets> work. See <er>Manual</er>, <er>Operate</er>, and cf. <er>Mainor</er>, <er>Manure</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Management; dexterous movement; specif., a military or naval evolution, movement, or change of position.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Management with address or artful design; adroit proceeding; stratagem.</def>

<h1>Maneuver, Man\'d2uvre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ma*neu"ver</hw>, <hw>Ma*n\'d2u"vre</hw>,<hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Maneuvered</er> <tt>(#)</tt> or <er>Man\'d2uvred</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Maneuvering</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, or <er>Man\'d2uvring</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>man\'d2uvrer</ets>. See <er>Maneuver</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To perform a movement or movements in military or naval tactics; to make changes in position with reference to getting advantage in attack or defense.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To manage with address or art; to scheme.</def>

<h1>Maneuver, Man\'d2uvre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ma*neu"ver</hw>, <hw>Ma*n\'d2u"vre</hw>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To change the positions of, as of troops of ships.</def>

<h1>Maneuverer, Man\'d2uvrer</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ma*neu"ver*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ma*n\'d2u"vrer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who maneuvers.</def>

<blockquote>This charming widow Beaumont is a <b>nan\'d2uvrer</b>. We can't well make an English word of it.
<i>Miss Edgeworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Manful</h1>
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<hw>Man"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Showing manliness, or manly spirit; hence, brave, courageous, resolute, noble.</def> " <i>Manful</i> hardiness." <i>Chaucer</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Man"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Man"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mamgabey</h1>
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<hw>Mam"ga*bey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called by Buffon from <ets>Mangaby</ets>, in Madagascar, where he erroneously supposed them be native.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several African monkeys of the genus <spn>Cercocebus</spn>, as the sooty mangabey (<spn>C. fuliginosus</spn>), which is sooty black.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>mangaby</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mangan</h1>
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<hw>Man"gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mangonel</er>.</def>

<h1>Manganate</h1>
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<hw>Man"ga*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>manganate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of manganic acid.</def>

<note>&hand; The manganates are usually green, and are wellknown compounds, though derived from a hypothetical acid.</note>

<h1>Manganesate</h1>
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<hw>Man`ga*ne"sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A manganate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Manganese</h1>
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<hw>Man`ga*nese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mangan\'8ase</ets>, It. <ets>mamaganese</ets>, sasso <ets>magnesio</ets>; prob. corrupted from L. <ets>magnes</ets>, because of its resemblance to the magnet. See <er>Magnet</er>, and cf. <er>Magnesia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An element obtained by reduction of its oxide, as a hard, grayish white metal, fusible with difficulty, but easily oxidized. Its ores occur abundantly in nature as the minerals pyrolusite, manganite, etc. Symbol Mn. Atomic weight 54.8.</def>

<note>&hand; An alloy of manganese with iron (called <i>ferromanganese</i>) is used to increase the density and hardness of steel.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Black oxide of manganese</col>, <col>Manganese dioxide &or; peroxide</col>, &or; <col>Black manganese</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a heavy black powder <chform>MnO2</chform>, occurring native as the mineral pyrolusite, and valuable as a strong oxidizer; -- called also familiarly <altname>manganese</altname>. It colors glass violet, and is used as a decolorizer to remove the green tint of impure glass.</cd> <col>Manganese bronze</col>, <cd>an alloy made by adding from one to two per cent of manganese to the copper and zinc used in brass.</cd></cs>

<h1>Manganesian</h1>
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<hw>Man`ga*ne"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mangan\'82sien</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Manganic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Manganesic</h1>
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<hw>Man`ga*ne"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mangan\'82sique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Manganic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Manganesious</h1>
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<hw>Man`ga*ne"sious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Manganous.</def>

<h1>Manganesium</h1>
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<hw>Man`ga*ne"si*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Manganese.</def>

<h1>Manganesous</h1>
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<hw>Man`ga*ne"sous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Manganous.</def>

<h1>Manganic</h1>
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<hw>Man`gan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>manganique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to resembling, or containing, manganese; specif., designating compounds in which manganese has a higher valence as contrasted with <i>manganous</i> compounds. Cf. <er>Manganous</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Manganic acid</col>, <cd>an acid, <chform>H2MnO4</chform>, formed from manganese, analogous to sulphuric acid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Manganiferous</h1>
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<hw>Man`ga*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Manganese</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing manganese.</def>

<h1>Manganite</h1>
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<hw>Man"ga*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>One of the oxides of manganese; -- called also <altname>gray manganese ore</altname>. It occurs in brilliant steel-gray or iron-black crystals, also massive.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of manganese dioxide with a metallic oxide; so called as though derived from the hypothetical <i>manganous</i> acid.</def>

<h1>Manganium</h1>
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<hw>Man*ga"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Manganese.</def>

<h1>Manganous</h1>
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<hw>Man"ga*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, designating, those compounds of manganese in which the element has a lower valence as contrasted with <i>manganic</i> compounds; <as>as, <ex>manganous</ex> oxide</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Manganous acid</col>, <cd>a hypothetical compound analogous to sulphurous acid, and forming the so-called <i>manganites<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mangcorn</h1>
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<hw>Mang"corn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mengen</ets> to mix. See <er>Mingle</er>, and <er>Corn</er>.]</ety> <def>A mixture of wheat and rye, or other species of grain.</def> <mark>[Prov Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Mange</h1>
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<hw>Mange</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mangy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Vet.)</fld> <def>The scab or itch in cattle, dogs, and other beasts.</def>

<cs><col>Mange insect</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of small parasitic mites, which burrow in the skin of cattle. horses, dogs, and other animals, causing the mange. The mange insect of the horse (<spn>Psoroptes, &or; Dermatodectes, equi</spn>), and that of cattle (<spn>Symbiotes, &or; Dermatophagys, bovis</spn>) are the most important species. See <er>Acarina</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mangel-wurzel</h1>
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<hw>Man"gel-wur`zel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., corrupted fr. <ets>mangoldwurzel</ets>; <ets>mangold</ets> beet  + <ets>wurzel</ets> root.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of large field beet (<spn>B. macrorhiza</spn>), used as food for cattle, -- by some considered a mere variety of the ordinary beet. See <er>Beet</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mangold-wurzel</asp>.]</altsp>

<-- Insert: Illustr. of Mangel-Wurzel -->

<h1>Manger</h1>
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<hw>Man"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mangeoire</ets>, fr. <ets>manger</ets> to eat, fr. L. <ets>manducare</ets>, fr. <ets>mandere</ets> to chew. Cf. <er>Mandible</er>, <er>Manducate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A trough or open box in which fodder is placed for horses or cattle to eat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The fore part of the deck, having a bulkhead athwart ships high enough to prevent water which enters the hawse holes from running over it.</def>

<h1>Mangily</h1>
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<hw>Man"gi*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a mangy manner; scabbily.</def>

<h1>Manginess</h1>
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<hw>Man"gi*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Mangy</er>.]</ety> <def>The condition or quality of being mangy.</def>

<h1>Mangle</h1>
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<hw>Man"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mangled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mangling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[A frequentative fr. OE. <ets>manken</ets> to main, AS. <ets>mancian</ets>, in <ets>bemancian</ets> to mutilate, fr. L. <ets>mancus</ets> maimed; perh. akin to G. <ets>mangeln</ets> to be wanting.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut or bruise with repeated blows or strokes, making a ragged or torn wound, or covering with wounds; to tear in cutting; to cut in a bungling manner; to lacerate; to mutilate.</def>

<blockquote><b>Mangled</b> with ghastly wounds through plate and mail.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mutilate or injure, in making, doing, or pertaining; <as>as, to <ex>mangle</ex> a piece of music or a recitation</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>mangle</b> a play or a novel.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mangle</h1>
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<hw>Man"gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>mangel</ets>, fr. OE. <ets>mangonel</ets> a machine for throwing stones, LL. <ets>manganum</ets>, Gr. <?/ a machine for defending fortifications, axis of a pulley. Cf. <er>Mangonel</er>.]</ety> <def>A machine for smoothing linen or cotton cloth, as sheets, tablecloths, napkins, and clothing, by roller pressure.</def>

<cs><col>Mangle rack</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a contrivance for converting continuous circular motion into reciprocating rectilinear motion, by means of a rack and pinion, as in the mangle. The pinion is held to the rack by a groove in such a manner that it passes alternately from one side of the rack to the other, and thus gives motion to it in opposite directions, according to the side in which its teeth are engaged.</cd> -- <col>Mangle wheel</col>, <cd>a wheel in which the teeth, or pins, on its face, are interrupted on one side, and the pinion, working in them, passes from inside to outside of the teeth alternately, thus converting the continuous circular motion of the pinion into a reciprocating circular motion of the wheel.</cd></cs>
</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="891">
Page 891<p>

<h1>Mangle</h1>
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<hw>Man"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>mangelen</ets>. See <er>Mangle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To smooth with a mangle, as damp linen or cloth.</def>

<h1>Mangler</h1>
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<hw>Man"gler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Mangle</er>.]</ety> <def>One who mangles or tears in cutting; one who mutilates any work in doing it.</def>

<h1>Mangler</h1>
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<hw>Man"gler</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 3d <er>Mangle</er>.]</ety> <def>One who smooths with a mangle.</def>

<h1>Mango</h1>
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<hw>Man"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mangoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Pg. <ets>manga</ets>, fr. Tamil <ets>m\'benk\'bey</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fruit of the mango tree. It is rather larger than an apple, and of an ovoid shape. Some varieties are fleshy and luscious, and others tough and tasting of turpentine. The green fruit is pickled for market.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A green muskmelon stuffed and pickled.</def>

<cs><col>Mango bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an oriole (<spn>Oriolus kundoo</spn>), native of India.</cd> -- <col>Mango fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fish of the Ganges (<spn>Polynemus risua</spn>), highly esteemed for food. It has several long, slender filaments below the pectoral fins. It appears about the same time with the mango fruit, in April and May, whence the name.</cd> -- <col>Mango tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an East Indian tree of the genus <spn>Mangifera</spn> (<spn>M. Indica</spn>), related to the cashew and the sumac. It grows to a large size, and produces the mango of commerce. It is now cultivated in tropical America.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mangoldwurzel</h1>
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<hw>Man"gold*wur`zel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mangel-wurzel</er>.</def>

<h1>Mangonel</h1>
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<hw>Man"go*nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>mangonel</ets>, LL. <ets>manganellus</ets>, <ets>manganum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ See <er>Mangle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A military engine formerly used for throwing stones and javelins.</def>

<h1>Mangonism</h1>
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<hw>Man"go*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of mangonizing, or setting off to advantage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mangonist</h1>
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<hw>Man"go*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who mangonizes. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A slave dealer; also, a strumpet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mangonize</h1>
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<hw>Man"go*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mangonizare</ets>, fr. <ets>mango</ets> a dealer in slaves or wares, to which he tries to give an appearance of greater value by decking them out or furbishing them up.]</ety> <def>To furbish up for sale; to set off to advantage.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Mangosteen, Mangostan</h1>
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<hw><hw>Man"go*steen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Man"go*stan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>mangusta</ets>, <ets>mangis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree of the East Indies of the genus <spn>Garcinia</spn> (<spn>G. Mangostana</spn>). The tree grows to the height of eighteen feet, and bears fruit also called <ex>mangosteen</ex>, of the size of a small apple, the pulp of which is very delicious food.</def>

<h1>Mangrove</h1>
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<hw>Man"grove</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>manggi-manggi</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of one or two trees of the genus <spn>Rhizophora</spn> (<spn>R. Mangle</spn>, and <spn>R. mucronata</spn>, the last doubtfully distinct) inhabiting muddy shores of tropical regions, where they spread by emitting a\'89rial roots, which fasten in the saline mire and eventually become new stems. The seeds also send down a strong root while yet attached to the parent plant.</def>

<note>&hand; The fruit has a ruddy brown shell, and a delicate white pulp which is sweet and eatable. The bark is astringent, and is used for tanning leather. The black and the white mangrove (<spn>Avicennia nitida</spn> and <spn>A. tomentosa</spn>) have much the same habit.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The mango fish.</def>

<h1>Mangue</h1>
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<hw>Mangue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The kusimanse.</def>

<h1>Mangy</h1>
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<hw>Man"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Mangier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Mangiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>mang\'82</ets>, p. p. of <ets>manger</ets> to eat. See <er>Manger</er>.]</ety> <def>Infected with the mange; scabby.</def>

<h1>Manhaden</h1>
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<hw>Man*ha"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Menhaden</er>.</def>

<h1>Manhead</h1>
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<hw>Man"head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Manhood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Manhole</h1>
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<hw>Man"hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hole through which a man may descend or creep into a drain, sewer, steam boiler, parts of machinery, etc., for cleaning or repairing.</def>

<h1>Manhood</h1>
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<hw>Man"hood</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Man-</ets> + <ets>-hood</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being man as a human being, or man as distinguished from a child or a woman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Manly quality; courage; bravery; resolution.</def>

<blockquote>I am ashamed
That thou hast power to shake my <b>manhood</b> thus.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mania</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mania</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to rage; cf. OE. <ets>manie</ets>, F. <ets>manie</ets>. Cf. <er>Mind</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <ets>Necromancy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Violent derangement of mind; madness; insanity. Cf. <er>Delirium</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Excessive or unreasonable desire; insane passion affecting one or many people; <as>as, the tulip <ex>mania</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Mania a potu</col> <ety>[L.]</ety>, <cd>madness from drinking; delirium tremens.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Insanity; derangement; madness; lunacy; alienation; aberration; delirium; frenzy. See <er>Insanity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Maniable</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>manier</ets> to manage, fr. L. <ets>manus</ets> hand.]</ety> <def>Manageable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Maniac</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ni*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>maniaque</ets>. See <er>Mania</er>.]</ety> <def>Raving with madness; raging with disordered intellect; affected with mania; mad.</def>

<h1>Maniac</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ni*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A raving lunatic; a madman.</def>

<h1>Maniacal</h1>
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<hw>Ma*ni"a*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with, or characterized by, madness; maniac.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ma*ni"a*cal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Manicate</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>manicatus</ets> sleeved, fr. <ets>manica</ets> a sleeve.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Covered with hairs or pubescence so platted together and interwoven as to form a mass easily removed.</def>

<h1>Manich\'91an, Manichean, Manichee</h1>
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<hw><hw>Man`i*ch\'91"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Man`i*che"an</hw>, <hw>Man"i*chee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>Manichaeus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>manich\'82en</ets>.]</ety> <def>A believer in the doctrines of Manes, a Persian of the third century A. D., who taught a dualism in which Light is regarded as the source of Good, and Darkness as the source of Evil.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>Manich\'91ans</b> stand as representatives of dualism pushed to its utmost development.
<i>Tylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Manich\'91an, Manichean</h1>
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<hw><hw>Man`i*ch\'91"an</hw>, <hw>Man`i*che"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Manich\'91ans.</def>

<h1>Manich\'91ism, Manicheism</h1>
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<hw><hw>Man"i*ch\'91*ism</hw>, <hw>Man"i*che*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>manich\'82isme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrines taught, or system of principles maintained, by the Manich\'91ans.</def>

<h1>Manicheist</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*che*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>manich\'82iste</ets>.]</ety> <def>Manich\'91an.</def>

<h1>Manichord, Manichordon</h1>
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<hw><hw>Man"i*chord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Man`i*chor"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <ety>[L. <ets>monochordon</ets>, Gr. <?/; -- so called because it orig. had only one string. See <er>Monochord</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The clavichord or clarichord; -- called also <altname>dumb spinet</altname>.</def>

<h1>Manicure</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*cure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>manus</ets> hand + <ets>curare</ets> to cure.]</ety> <def>A person who makes a business of taking care of people's hands, especially their nails.</def><-- now called manicurist -->

<-- 2. A thorough cosmetic treatment of the hands, especially the trimming and polishing of the fingernails, and removing of cuticles, performed by a manicurist.

  v. t. (Metaph.) to trim carefully and meticulously, as to manicure a lawn. -->

<blockquote>[Men] who had taken good care of their hands by wearing gloves and availing themselves of the services of a <b>manicure</b>.
<i>Pop. Sci. Monthly.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Manid</h1>
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<hw>Ma"nid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of the genus Manis, or family <spn>Manid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Manie</h1>
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<hw>Ma`nie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Mania</er>.]</ety> <def>Mania; insanity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Manifest</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*fest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>manifeste</ets>, L. <ets>manifestus</ets>, lit., struck by the hand, hence, palpable; <ets>manus</ets> hand +  <ets>fendere</ets> (in comp.) to strike. See <er>Manual</er>, and <er>Defend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Evident to the senses, esp. to the sight; apparent; distinctly perceived; hence, obvious to the understanding; apparent to the mind; easily apprehensible; plain; not obscure or hidden.</def>

<blockquote>Neither is there any creature that is not <b>manifest</b> in his sight.
<i> Heb. iv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That which may be known of God is <b>manifest</b> in them.
<i>Rom. i. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thus <b>manifest</b> to sight the god appeared.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Detected; convicted; -- with <ptcl>of</ptcl>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Calistho there stood <b>manifest</b> of shame.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Open; clear; apparent; evident; visible; conspicuous; plain; obvious.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Manifest</er>, <er>Clear</er>, <er>Plain</er>, <er>Obvious</er>, <er>Evident</er>. What is <i>clear</i> can be seen readily; what is <i>obvious</i> lies directly in our way, and necessarily arrests our attention; what is<i>evident</i> is seen so clearly as to remove doubt; what is <i>manifest</i> is very distinctly evident.</usage>

<blockquote>So <b>clear</b>, so shining, and so <b>evident</b>,
That it will glimmer through a blind man's eye.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Entertained with solitude,
Where <b>obvious</b> duty er<?/while appeared unsought.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I saw, I saw him <b>manifest</b> in view,
His voice, his figure, and his gesture knew.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Manifest</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*fest</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Manifests</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>manifeste</ets>. See <er>Manifest</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Manifesto</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A public declaration; an open statement; a manifesto. See <er>Manifesto</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A list or invoice of a ship's cargo, containing a description by marks, numbers, etc., of each package of goods, to be exhibited at the customhouse.</def><-- = ship's manifest -->

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Manifest</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*fest</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Manifested</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Manifesting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To show plainly; to make to appear distinctly, -- usually to the mind; to put beyond question or doubt; to display; to exhibit.</def>

<blockquote>There is nothing hid which shall not be <b>manifested</b>.
<i>Mark iv. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thy life did <b>manifest</b> thou lovedst me not.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exhibit the manifests or prepared invoices of; to declare at the customhouse.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To reveal; declare; evince; make known; disclose; discover; display.</syn>

<h1>Manifestable</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*fest`a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be manifested.</def>

<h1>Manifestation</h1>
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<hw>Man`i*fes*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>manifestatio</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>manifestation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of manifesting or disclosing, or the state of being manifested; discovery to the eye or to the understanding; also, that which manifests; exhibition; display; revelation; <as>as, the <ex>manifestation</ex> of God's power in creation</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The secret manner in which acts of mercy ought to be performed, requires this public <b>manifestation</b> of them at the great day.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Manifestible</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*fest`i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Manifestable.</def>

<h1>Manifestly</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*fest*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manifest manner.</def>

<h1>Manifestness</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*fest*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being manifest; obviousness.</def>

<h1>Manifesto</h1>
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<hw>Man`i*fes"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Manifestoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It. <ets>manifesto</ets>. See <er>Manifest</er>, <ets>n. & a</ets>.]</ety> <def>A public declaration, usually of a prince, sovereign, or other person claiming large powers, showing his intentions, or proclaiming his opinions and motives in reference to some act done or contemplated by him; <as>as, a <ex>manifesto</ex> declaring the purpose of a prince to begin war, and explaining his motives</as>.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<blockquote>it was proposed to draw up a <b>manifesto</b>, setting forth the grounds and motives of our taking arms.
<i>Addison</i></blockquote>.

<blockquote>Frederick, in a public <b>manifesto</b>, appealed to the Empire against the insolent pretensions of the pope.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Manifold</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*fold</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>manigfeald</ets>. See <er>Many</er>, and <er>Fold</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Various in kind or quality; many in number; numerous; multiplied; complicated.</def>

<blockquote>O Lord, how <b>manifold</b> are thy works!
<i>Ps. civ. 24.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I know your <b>manifold</b> transgressions.
<i>Amos v. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exhibited at divers times or in various ways; -- used to qualify nouns in the singular number.</def> "The <i>manifold</i> wisdom of God." <i>Eph. iii. 10</i>. "The <i>manifold</i> grace of God." <i>1 Pet. iv. 10</i>.

<cs><col>Manifold writing</col>, <cd>a process or method by which several copies, as of a letter, are simultaneously made, sheets of coloring paper being infolded with thin sheets of plain paper upon which the marks made by a stylus or a type-writer are transferred.</cd></cs>

<h1>Manifold</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*fold</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A copy of a writing made by the manifold process.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A cylindrical pipe fitting, having a number of lateral outlets, for connecting one pipe with several others.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The third stomach of a ruminant animal.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Manifold</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*fold</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Manifolded</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Manifolding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To take copies of by the process of manifold writing; <as>as, to <ex>manifold</ex> a letter</as>.</def>

<h1>Manifolded</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*fold`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having many folds, layers, or plates; <as>as, a <ex>manifolded</ex> shield</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Manifoldly</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*fold`ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manifold manner.</def>

<h1>Manifoldness</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*fold`ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Multiplicity.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A generalized concept of magnitude.</def>

<h1>Maniform</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>manus</ets> hand + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like the hand.</def>

<h1>Maniglion</h1>
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<hw>Ma*ni"glion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>maniglio</ets>, <ets>maniglia</ets>, bracelet, handle. Cf. <er>Manilio</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>Either one of two handles on the back of a piece of ordnance.</def>

<h1>Manihoc, Manihot</h1>
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<hw><hw>Man"i*hoc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Man"i*hot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Manioc</er>.</def>

<h1>Manikin</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OD. <ets>manneken</ets>, dim. of <ets>man</ets> man. See <er>Man</er>, and <er>-kin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little man; a dwarf; a pygmy; a manakin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A model of the human body, made of papier-mache or other material, commonly in detachable pieces, for exhibiting the different parts and organs, their relative position, etc.</def>

<h1>Manila, Manilla</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ma*nil"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ma*nil"la</hw><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Manila or Manilla, the capital of the Philippine Islands; made in, or exported from, that city.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Manila cheroot</col> &or; <col>cigar</col></mcol>, <cd>a cheroot or cigar made of tobacco grown in the Philippine Islands.</cd> -- <col>Manila hemp</col>, <cd>a fibrous material obtained from the <spn>Musa textilis</spn>, a plant allied to the banana, growing in the Philippine and other East India islands; -- called also by the native name <altname>abaca</altname>. From it matting, canvas, ropes, and cables are made.</cd> -- <col>Manila paper</col>, <cd>a durable brown or buff paper made of Manila hemp, used as a wrapping paper, and as a cheap printing and writing paper. The name is also given to inferior papers, made of other fiber.</cd></cs>

<h1>Manilio</h1>
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<hw>Ma*nil"io</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Manilla</er>, 1.</def>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Manilla</h1>
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<hw>Ma*nil"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>manilla</ets>; cf. It. <ets>maniglio</ets>, <ets>maniglia</ets>; F.  <ets>manille</ets>; Pg. <ets>manilha</ets>; all fr. L. <ets>manus</ets> hand, and formed after the analogy of L. <ets>monile</ets>, pl. <ets>monilia</ets>, necklace: cf. F. <ets>manille</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A ring worn upon the arm or leg as an ornament, especially among the tribes of Africa.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of copper of the shape of a horseshoe, used as money by certain tribes of the west coast of Africa.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Manilla</h1>
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<hw>Ma*nil"la</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Manila</er>.</def>

<h1>Manille</h1>
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<hw>Ma*nille"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See 1st <er>Manilla</er>, 1.</def>

<h1>Manioc</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ni*oc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>mandioca</ets>, fr. Braz.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The tropical plants (<spn>Manihot utilissima</spn>, and <spn>M. Aipi</spn>), from which cassava and tapioca are prepared; also, cassava</def>.<altsp>[Written also <asp>mandioc</asp>, <asp>manihoc</asp>, <asp>manihot</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Maniple</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>manipulus</ets>, <ets>maniplus</ets>, a handful, a certain number of soldiers; <ets>manus</ets> hand + root of <ets>plere</ets> to fill, <ets>plenus</ets> full: cf. F.<ets>maniple</ets>. See <er>Manual</er>, and <er>Full</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A handful</def>. <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A division of the Roman army numbering sixty men exclusive of officers, any small body of soldiers; a company.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Originally, a napkin; later, an ornamental band or scarf worn upon the left arm as a part of the vestments of a priest in the Roman Catholic Church. It is sometimes worn in the English Church service.</def>

<h1>Manipular</h1>
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<hw>Ma*nip"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>manipularis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>manipulaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the maniple, or company.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Manipulatory; <as>as, <ex>manipular</ex> operations</as>.</def>

<h1>Manipulate</h1>
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<hw>Ma*nip"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Manipulated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Manipulating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>manipulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>manipulare</ets> to lead by the hand, fr. L. <ets>manipulus</ets>. See <er>Maniple</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To treat, work, or operate with the hands, especially when knowledge and dexterity are required; to manage in hand work; to handle; <as>as, to <ex>manipulate</ex> scientific apparatus</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To control the action of, by management; <as>as, to <ex>manipulate</ex> a convention of delegates; to <ex>manipulate</ex> the stock market</as>; also, to manage artfully or fraudulently; <as>as, to <ex>manipulate</ex> accounts, or election returns</as>.</def>

<h1>Manipulate</h1>
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<hw>Ma*nip"u*late</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To use the hands in dexterous operations; to do hand work; specifically, to manage the apparatus or instruments used in scientific work, or in artistic or mechanical processes; also, specifically, to use the hand in mesmeric operations.</def>

<h1>Manipulation</h1>
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<hw>Ma*nip`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>manipulation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of manipulating, or the state of being manipulated; the act of handling work by hand; use of the hands, in an artistic or skillful manner, in science or art.</def>

<blockquote><b>Manipulation</b> is to the chemist like the external senses to the mind.

<i>Whewell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The use of the hands in mesmeric operations.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Artful management; <as>as, the <ex>manipulation</ex> of political bodies</as>; sometimes, a management or treatment for purposes of deception or fraud.</def>

<h1>Manipulative</h1>
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<hw>Ma*nip"u*la*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to manipulation; performed by manipulation.</def>

<h1>Manipulator</h1>
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<hw>Ma*nip"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who manipulates</def>

<hr>
<page="892">
Page 892<p>

<h1>Manipulatory</h1>
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<hw>Ma*nip"u*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to manipulation.</def>

<h1>Manis</h1>
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<hw>Ma"nis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>manes</ets> the ghosts or shades of the dead. So called from its dismal appearance, and because it seeks for its food by night.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of edentates, covered with large, hard, triangular scales, with sharp edges that overlap each other like tiles on a roof. They inhabit the warmest parts of Asia and Africa, and feed on ants. Called also <altname>Scaly anteater</altname>. See <er>Pangolin</er>.</def>

<h1>Manito, Manitou, Manitu</h1>
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<hw><hw>Man"i*to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Man"i*tou</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Man"i*tu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A name given by tribes of American Indians to a great spirit, whether good or evil, or to any object of worship.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<blockquote>Gitche <b>Manito</b> the mighty,
The Great Spirit, the creator,
Smiled upon his helpless children!
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Mitche <b>Manito</b> the mighty,
He the dreadful Spirit of Evil,
As a serpent was depicted.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Manitrunk</h1>
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<hw>Man"i*trunk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>manus</ets> hand + E. <ets>trunk</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The anterior segment of the thorax in insects. See <er>Insect</er>.</def>

<h1>Mankind</h1>
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<hw>Man`kind"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>mancynn</ets>. See <er>Kin</er> kindred, <er>Kind</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The human race; man, taken collectively.</def>

<blockquote>The proper study of <b>mankind</b> is man.
<i>Pore.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Men, as distinguished from women; the male portion of human race.</def>

<i>Lev. xviii. 22.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Human feelings; humanity.</def> <mark>[Obs]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Mankind</h1>
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<hw>Man"kind`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Manlike; not womanly; masculine; bold; cruel.</def> <mark>[Obs]</mark>

<blockquote>Are women grown <b>so mankind</b>? Must they be wooing?
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Be not too <b>mankind</b> against your wife.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Manks</h1>
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<hw>Manks</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the language or people of the of Man.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The language spoken in the Isle of Man. See <er>Manx</er>.</def></def2>

<h1>Manless</h1>
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<hw>Man"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of men.</def>

<i>Bakon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unmanly; inhuman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Manlessly</h1>
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<hw>Man"less*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Inhumanly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Manlike</h1>
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<hw>Man"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Man</ets> + <ets>like.</ets> Cf. <er>Manly</er>.]</ety> <def>Like man, or like a man, in form or nature; having the qualities of a man, esp. the nobler qualities; manly.</def> " Gentle, <i>manlike</i> speech." <i>Testament of Love</i>. " A right <i>manlike</i> man."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<blockquote>In glaring Chloe's <b>manlike</b> taste and mien.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Manliness</h1>
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<hw>Man"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being manly.</def>

<h1>Manling</h1>
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<hw>Man"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little man.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Manly</h1>
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<hw>Man"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Manlier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Manliest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Man</ets> + <ets>-ly</ets>. Cf. <er>Manlike</er>.]</ety> <def>Having qualities becoming to a man; not childish or womanish; manlike, esp. brave, courageous, resolute, noble.</def>

<blockquote>Let's briefly put on <b>manly</b> readiness.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Serene and <b>manly</b>, hardened to sustain
The load of life.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Bold; daring; brave; courageous; firm; undaunted; hardy; dignified; stately.</syn>

<h1>Manly</h1>
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<hw>Man"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manly manner; with the courage and fortitude of a manly man; <as>as, to act <ex>manly</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Manna</h1>
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<hw>Man"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, Heb. <ets>m\'ben</ets>; cf. Ar. <ets>mann</ets>, properly, gift (of heaven).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>The food supplied to the Israelites in their journey through the wilderness of Arabia; hence, divinely supplied food.</def>

<i>Ex. xvi. 15.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to lichens of the genus <spn>Lecanora</spn>, sometimes blown into heaps in the deserts of Arabia and Africa, and gathered and used as food.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot. & Med.)</fld> <def>A sweetish exudation in the form of pale yellow friable flakes, coming from several trees and shrubs and used in medicine as a gentle laxative, as the secretion of <spn>Fraxinus Ornus</spn>, and <spn>F. rotundifolia</spn>, the manna ashes of Southern Europe.</def>

<note>&hand; <stype>Persian manna</stype> is the secretion of the camel's thorn (see <cref>Camel's thorn</cref>, under <er>Camel</er>); <stype>Tamarisk manna</stype>, that of the <spn>Tamarisk mannifera</spn>, a shrub of Western Asia; <stype>Australian, manna</stype>, that of certain species of eucalyptus; <stype>Brian\'87on manna</stype>, that of the European larch.</note>

<cs><col>Manna grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name of several tall slender grasses of the genus <spn>Glyceria</spn>. they have long loose panicles, and grow in moist places. <stype>Nerved manna grass</stype> is <spn>Glyceria nervata</spn>, and <stype>Floating manna grass</stype> is <spn>G. flu</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Manna insect</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Gossyparia mannipara</spn>), which causes the exudation of manna from the Tamarisk tree in Arabia.</cd></cs>

<h1>Manna croup</h1>
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<hw>Man"na croup`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[<ets>Manna</ets> + <ets>Russ</ets>. & Pol. <ets>krupa</ets> groats, grits.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The portions of hard wheat kernels not ground into flour by the millstones: a kind of semolina prepared in Russia and used for puddings, soups, etc. -- called also <altname>manna groats</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The husked grains of manna grass.</def>

<h1>Manner</h1>
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<hw>Man"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>manere</ets>, F. <ets>mani\'8are</ets>, from OF. <ets>manier</ets>, adj., manual, skillful, handy, fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>manarius</ets>, for L. <ets>manuarius</ets> belonging to the hand, fr. <ets>manus</ets> the hand. See <er>Manual</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mode of action; way of performing or effecting anything; method; style; form; fashion.</def>

<blockquote>The nations which thou hast removed, and placed in the cities of Samaria, know not the <b>manner</b> of the God of the land.
<i>2 Kings xvii. 26.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The temptations of prosperity insinuate themselves after a gentle, but very powerful,<b>manner</b>.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characteristic mode of acting, conducting, carrying one's self, or the like; bearing; habitual style.</def>

Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Customary method of acting; habit</def>.

<blockquote>Paul, as his <b>manner</b> was, went in unto them.
<i>Acts xvii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Air and <b>manner</b> are more expressive than words.
<i>Richardson.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Carriage; behavior; deportment; also, becoming behavior; well-bred carriage and address</def>.

<blockquote>Good <b>manners</b> are made up of petty sacrifices.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The style of writing or thought of an author; characteristic peculiarity of an artist</def>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Certain degree or measure; <as>as, it is in a <ex>manner</ex> done already</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The bread is in <b>a manner</b> common.
<i>1 Sam. xxi.5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Sort; kind; style; -- in this application sometimes having the sense of a plural, sorts or kinds.</def>

<blockquote>Ye tithe mint, and rue, and all <b>manner</b> of herbs.
<i>Luke xi. 42.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I bid thee say,
What <b>manner</b> of man art thou?
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In old usage, <ptcl>of</ptcl> was often omitted after <i>manner</i>, when employed in this sense. "A <i>manner</i> Latin corrupt was her speech."</note>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>By any manner of means</col>, <cd>in any way possible; by any sort of means.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To be taken</col> <col>in, &or; with</col> <col>the manner</col></mcol>. <ety>[A corruption of <ets>to be taken in the mainor<ets>. See <er>Mainor</er>.]</ety> <cd>To be taken in the very act. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Mainor</er>.</cd> -- <col>To make one's manners</col>, <cd>to make a bow or courtesy; to offer salutation.</cd> -- <col>Manners bit</col>, <cd>a portion left in a dish for the sake of good manners. <i>Hallwell</i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Method; mode; custom; habit; fashion; air; look; mien; aspect; appearance. See <er>Method</er>.</syn>

<h1>Mannered</h1>
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<hw>Man"nered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a certain way, esp a. polite way, of carrying and conducting one's self.</def>

<blockquote>Give her princely training, that she may be
<b>Mannered</b> as she is born.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affected with mannerism; marked by excess of some characteristic peculiarity.</def>

<blockquote>His style is in some degree <b>mannered</b> and confined.
<i>Hazlitt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mannerism</h1>
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<hw>Man"ner*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mani\'82risme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Adherence to a peculiar style or manner; a characteristic mode of action, bearing, or treatment, carried to excess, especially in literature or art.</def>

<blockquote><b>Mannerism</b> is pardonable,and is sometimes even agreeable, when the manner, though vicious, is natural . . . . But a <b>mannerism</b> which does not sit easy on the mannerist, which has been adopted on principle, and which can be sustained only by constant effort, is always offensive.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mannerist</h1>
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<hw>Man"ner*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mani\'82riste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One addicted to mannerism; a person who, in action, bearing, or treatment, carries characteristic peculiarities to excess. See citation under <er>Mannerism</er>.</def>

<h1>Mannerliness</h1>
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<hw>Man"ner*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being mannerly; civility; complaisance.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Mannerly</h1>
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<hw>Man"ner*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Showing good manners; civil; respectful; complaisant.</def>

<blockquote>What thou thinkest meet, and is most <b>mannerly</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mannerly</h1>
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<hw>Man"ner*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With good manners.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mannheim gold</h1>
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<hw>Mann"heim gold"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From <ets>Mannheim</ets> in Germany, where much of it was made.]</ety> <def>A kind of brass made in imitation of gold. It contains eighty per cent of copper and twenty of zinc.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Mannide</h1>
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<hw>Man"nide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mann</ets>ite + anhydr<ets>ide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white amorphous or crystalline substance, obtained by dehydration of mannite, and distinct from, but convertible into, mannitan.</def>

<h1>Mannish</h1>
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<hw>Man"nish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Man</ets> + <ets>-ish</ets>: cf. AS. <ets>mennisc</ets>, <ets>menisc</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resembling a human being in form or nature; human.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>But yet it was a figure
Most like to <b>mannish</b> creature.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling, suitable to, or characteristic of, a man, manlike, masculine.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>A woman impudent and <b>mannish</b> grown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fond of men; -- said of a woman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Man"nish*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>,<tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Man"nish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mannitan</h1>
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<hw>Man"ni*tan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mannite</ets> + <ets>an</ets>hydrite.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white amorphous or crystalline substance obtained by the partial dehydration of mannite.</def>

<h1>Mannitate</h1>
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<hw>Man"ni*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of mannitic acid.</def>

<h1>Mannite</h1>
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<hw>Man"nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mannite</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline substance of a sweet taste obtained from a so-called <i>manna</i>, the dried sap of the flowering ash (<spn>Fraxinus ornus</spn>); -- called also <altname>mannitol</altname>, and <altname>hydroxy hexane</altname>. Cf. <er>Dulcite</er>.</def>
<-- (MI11) <chform>HO.CH2.(CHOH)4.CH2.OH</chform> = D-mannitol; manna sugar; cordycepic acid; Diosmol; Mannicol; Mannidex; Osmiktrol; Osmosal. -- used in pharmacy as excipient and diluent for solids and liquids.  Used as a food additive for anti-caking properties, or as a sweetener.
   Also used to "cut" (dilute) illegal drugs such as cocaine or heroin. ("excipient" use)  -->

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A sweet white efflorescence from dried fronds of kelp, especially from those of the <spn>Laminaria saccharina</spn>, or devil's apron.</def>

<h1>Mannitic</h1>
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<hw>Man*nit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, resembling, or derived from, mannite.</def>

<cs><col>Mannitic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white amorphous substance, intermediate between saccharic acid and mannite, and obtained by the partial oxidation of the latter.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mannitol</h1>
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<hw>Man"ni*tol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mannite</ets> + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The technical name of mannite. See <er>Mannite</er>.</def>

<h1>Mannitose</h1>
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<hw>Man"ni*tose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A variety of sugar obtained by the partial oxidation of mannite, and closely resembling levulose.</def>

<h1>Man\'d2uvre</h1>
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<hw>Ma*n\'d2u"vre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Maneuver</er>.</def>

<h1>Manofwar</h1>
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<hw>Man`*of*war"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Men-of-war</plw>.</plu> <def>A government vessel employed for the purposes of war, esp. one of large size; a ship of war.</def>

<cs><col>Man-of-war bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>The frigate bird; also applied to the skua gulls, and to the wandering albatross.</cd> -- <col>Man-of-war hawk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the frigate bird.</cd> -- <col>Man-of-war's man</col>, <cd>a sailor serving in a ship of war.</cd> -- <col>Portuguese man-of-war</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of the genus <spn>Physalia</spn>. See <er>Physalia</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Manometer</h1>
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<hw>Ma*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thin, rare + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>manom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the tension or elastic force of gases, steam, etc., constructed usually on the principle of allowing the gas to exert its elastic force in raising a column of mercury in an open tube, or in compressing a portion of air or other gas in a closed tube with mercury or other liquid intervening, or in bending a metallic or other spring so as to set in motion an index; a pressure gauge. See <er>Pressure</er>, and <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Air pump</er>.</def>

<h1>Manometric, Manometrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Man`o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Man`o*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>manom\'82trique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the manometer; made by the manometer.</def>

<h1>Manor</h1>
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<hw>Man"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>maner</ets>, OF. <ets>maneir</ets> habitation, village, F. <ets>manoir</ets> manor, prop. the OF. inf. <ets>maneir</ets> to stay, remain, dwell, L. <ets>manere</ets>, and so called because it was the permanent residence of the lord and of his tenants. See <er>Mansion</er>, and cf. <er>Remain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The land belonging to a lord or nobleman, or so much land as a lord or great personage kept in his own hands, for the use and subsistence of his family.</def>

<blockquote>My <b>manors</b>, rents, revenues, l forego.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In these days, a <i>manor</i> rather signifies the jurisdiction and royalty incorporeal, than the land or site, for a man may have a manor in gross, as the law terms it, that is, the right and interest of a court-baron, with the perquisites thereto belonging.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(American Law)</fld> <def>A tract of land occupied by tenants who pay a free-farm rent to the proprietor, sometimes in kind, and sometimes by performing certain stipulated services.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Manor house</col>, or <col>Manor seat</col></mcol>, <cd>the house belonging to a manor.</cd></cs>

<h1>Manorial</h1>
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<hw>Ma*no"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a manor.</def> " <i>Manorial</i> claims."

<i>Paley.</i>

<h1>Manoscope</h1>
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<hw>Man"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thin, rare + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Manometer</er>.</def>

<h1>Manoscopy</h1>
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<hw>Ma*nos"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of the determination of the density of vapors and gases.</def>

<h1>Manovery</h1>
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<hw>Ma*no"ver*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Maneuver</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A contrivance or maneuvering to catch game illegally.</def>

<h1>Manqueller</h1>
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<hw>Man"quell`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A killer of men; a manslayer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Manred, Manrent</h1>
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<hw><hw>Man"red</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Man"rent`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Homage or service rendered to a superior, as to a lord; vassalage.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scots Law]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Manrope</h1>
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<hw>Man"rope`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of the side ropes to the gangway of a ship.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Mansard roof</h1>
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<hw>Man"sard roof"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[So called from its inventor, Fran&cced;ois <ets>Mansard</ets>, or <ets>Mansart</ets>, a distinguished French architect, who died in 1666.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A hipped curb roof; that is, a roof having on all sides two slopes, the lower one being steeper than the upper one.</def>

<h1>Manse</h1>
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<hw>Manse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>mansa</ets>, <ets>mansus</ets>, <ets>mansum</ets>, a farm, fr. L. <ets>manere</ets>, <ets>mansum</ets>, to stay, dwell. See <er>Mansion</er>, <er>Manor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A dwelling house, generally with land attached.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The parsonage; a clergyman's house.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<cs><col>Capital manse</col>, <cd>the manor house, or lord's court.</cd></cs>

<h1>Manservant</h1>
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<hw>Man"serv`ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A male servant.</def>

<h1>Mansion</h1>
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<hw>Man"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>mansion</ets>, F. <ets>maison</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mansio</ets> a staying, remaining, a dwelling, habitation, fr. <ets>manere</ets>, <ets>mansum</ets>, to stay, dwell; akin to Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Manse</er>, <er>Manor</er>, <er>Menagerie</er>, <er>Menial</er>, <er>Permanent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A dwelling place, -- whether a part or whole of a house or other shelter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In my Father's house are many <b>mansions</b>.
<i>John xiv. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These poets near our princes sleep,
And in one grave their <b>mansions</b> keep.
<i>Den<?/am.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The house of the lord of a manor; a manor house; hence: Any house of considerable size or pretension.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>A twelfth part of the heavens; a house. See 1st <er>House</er>, <er>8</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The place in the heavens occupied each day by the moon in its monthly revolution.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The eight and twenty <b>mansions</b>
<b>That longen to the moon</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Mansion house</col>, <cd>the house in which one resides; specifically, in London and some other cities, the official residence of the Lord Mayor.</cd></cs>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Mansion</h1>
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<hw>Man"sion</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To dwell; to reside.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mede.</i>

<h1>Mansionary</h1>
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<hw>Man"sion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resident; residentiary; <as>as, <ex>mansionary</ex> canons</as>.</def>

<h1>Mansionry</h1>
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<hw>Man"sion*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of dwelling or residing; occupancy as a dwelling place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Manslaughter</h1>
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<hw>Man"slaugh`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The slaying of a human being; destruction of men.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The unlawful killing of a man, either in negligenc<?/ or incidentally to the commission of some unlawful act, but without specific malice, or upon a sudden excitement of anger.</def>

<h1>Manslayer</h1>
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<hw>Man"slay`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who kills a human being; one who commits manslaughter.</def>

<h1>Manstealer</h1>
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<hw>Man"steal`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who steals or kidnaps a human being or beings.</def>

<h1>Manstealing</h1>
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<hw>Man"steal`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or business of stealing or kidnaping human beings, especially with a view to e<?/slave them.</def>

<h1>Mansuete</h1>
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<hw>Man"suete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mansuetus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>mansuescere</ets> to tame; <ets>manus</ets> hand + <ets>suescere</ets> to accustom: cf. F. <ets>mansuet</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tame; gentle; kind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Mansuetude</h1>
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<hw>Man"sue*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mansuetudo</ets>: cf. F.<ets>mansu\'82tude</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tameness; gentleness; mildness.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Manswear</h1>
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<hw>Man"swear`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To swear falsely. Same as <er>Mainswear</er>.</def>

<h1>Manta</h1>
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<hw>Man"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Coleoptera</er> and <er>Sea devil</er>.</def>

<h1>Mantchoo</h1>
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<hw>Mant*choo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Manchu</er>.</def>

<h1>Manteau</h1>
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<hw>Man`teau"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. F. <plw>Manteaux</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Manteaus</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. See <er>Mantle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A woman's cloak or mantle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gown worn by women.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mantel</h1>
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<hw>Man"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The same word as <ets>mantle</ets> a garment; cf. F. <ets>manteau de chemin\'82e</ets>. See <er>Mantle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The finish around a fireplace, covering the chimney-breast in front and sometimes on both sides; especially, a shelf above the fireplace, and its supports.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mantle</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mantelet</h1>
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<hw>Man"tel*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>manteau</ets>, OF. <ets>mantel</ets>. See <er>Mantle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A short cloak formerly worn by knights.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A short cloak or mantle worn by women.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>mantelet</b> upon his shoulders hanging.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A musket-proof shield of rope, wood, or metal, which is sometimes used for the protection of sappers or riflemen while attacking a fortress, or of gunners at embrasures; -- now commonly written <asp>mantlet</asp>.</def>

<hr>
<page="893">
Page 893<p>

<h1>Mantelpiece</h1>
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<hw>Man"tel*piece`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Mantel</er>.</def>

<h1>Mantelshelf</h1>
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<hw>Man"tel*shelf`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The shelf of a mantel.</def>

<h1>Manteltree</h1>
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<hw>Man"tel*tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The lintel of a fireplace when of wood, as frequently in early houses.</def>

<h1>Mantic</h1>
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<hw>Man"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ prophetic.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to divination, or to the condition of one inspired, or supposed to be inspired, by a deity; prophetic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Mantic</i> fury."

<i>Trench.</i>

<h1>Mantilla</h1>
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<hw>Man*til"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. See <er>Mantle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A lady's light cloak of cape of silk, velvet, lace, or the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of veil, covering the head and falling down upon the shoulders; -- worn in Spain, Mexico, etc.</def>

<h1>Mantis</h1>
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<hw>Man"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a prophet.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of voracious orthopterous insects of the genus <spn>Mantis</spn>, and allied genera. They are remarkable for their slender grotesque forms, and for holding their stout anterior legs in a manner suggesting hands folded in prayer. The common American species is <spn>M. Carolina</spn>.</def>

<cs><col>Mantis shrimp</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sguilla</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mantispid</h1>
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<hw>Man*tis"pid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any neuropterous insect of the genus <spn>Mantispa</spn>, and allied genera. The larv\'91 feed on plant lice. Also used adjectively. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Neuroptera</er>.</def>

<h1>Mantissa</h1>
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<hw>Man*tis*sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., an addition, makeweight; of Tuscan origin.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The decimal part of a logarithm, as distinguished from the integral part, or <i>characteristic</i>.</def>

<h1>Mantle</h1>
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<hw>Man"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mantel</ets>, OF. <ets>mantel</ets>, F. <ets>manteau</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mantellum</ets>, <ets>mantelum</ets>, a cloth, napkin, cloak, mantle (cf. <ets>mantele</ets>, <ets>mantile</ets>, towel, napkin); prob. from <ets>manus</ets> hand + the root of <ets>tela</ets> cloth. See <er>Manual</er>, <er>Textile</er>, and cf. <er>Mandil</er>, <er>Mantel</er>, <er>Mantilla</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A loose garment to be worn over other garments; an enveloping robe; a cloak. Hence, figuratively, a covering or concealing envelope.</def>

<blockquote>[The] children are clothed with <b>mantles</b> of satin.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The green <b>mantle</b> of the standing pool.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now Nature hangs her <b>mantle</b> green
On every blooming tree.
<i>Burns.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Mantling</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The external fold, or folds, of the soft, exterior membrane of the body of a mollusk. It usually forms a cavity inclosing the gills. See <i>Illusts</i>. of <er>Buccinum</er>, and <er>Byssus</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any free, outer membrane.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The back of a bird together with the folded wings.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A mantel. See <er>Mantel</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The outer wall and casing of a blast furnace, above the hearth.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Hydraulic Engin.)</fld> <def>A penstock for a water wheel.</def>

<h1>Mantle</h1>
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<hw>Man"tle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mantled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mantling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover or envelop, as with a mantle; to cloak; to hide; to disguise.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mantle</h1>
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<hw>Man"tle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unfold and spread out the wings, like a mantle; -- said of hawks. Also used figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>Ne is there hawk which <b>mantleth</b> on her perch.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Or tend his sparhawk <b>mantling</b> in her mew.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My frail fancy fed with full delight.
Doth bathe in bliss, and <b>mantleth</b> most at ease.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To spread out; -- said of wings.</def>

<blockquote>The swan, with arched neck
Between her white wings <b>mantling</b> proudly, rows.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To spread over the surface as a covering; to overspread; <as>as, the scum <ex>mantled</ex> on the pool</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Though <b>mantled</b> in her cheek the blood.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To gather, assume, or take on, a covering, as froth, scum, etc.</def>

<blockquote>There is a sort of men whose visages
Do cream and <b>mantle</b> like a standing pond.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor bowl of wassail <b>mantle</b> warm.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mantlet</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man"tlet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mantelet</er>.</def>

<h1>Mantling</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man"tling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The representation of a mantle, or the drapery behind and around a coat of arms: -- called also <altname>lambrequin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Manto</h1>
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<hw>Man"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. or Sp. <ets>manto</ets>, abbrev., from L. <ets>mantelum</ets>. See <er>Mantle</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Manteau</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Mantologist</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is skilled in mantology; a diviner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mantology</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ prophet + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or art of divination.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mantra</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man"tra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr.]</ety> <def>A prayer; an invocation; a religious formula; a charm.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<note>&hand; Among the Hindoos each caste and tribe has a <i>mantra</i> peculiar to itself; as, the <i>mantra</i> of the Brahmans.</note>

<i>Balfour (Cyc. of India).</i>

<h1>Mantrap</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man"trap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A trap for catching trespassers.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dangerous place, as an open hatch, into which one may fall.</def>

<h1>Mantua</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man"tu*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A superior kind of rich silk formerly exported from Mantua in Italy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beck (Draper's Dict.).</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A woman's cloak or mantle; also, a woman's gown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mantuamaker</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man"tu*a*mak`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes dresses, cloaks, etc., for women; a dressmaker.</def>

<h1>Mantuan</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man"tu*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Mantua.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Mantua.</def></def2>

<h1>Manu</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Ma"nu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr.]</ety> <fld>(Hind. Myth.)</fld> <def>One of a series of progenitors of human beings, and authors of human wisdom.</def>

<h1>Manual</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man"u*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>manuel</ets>, F. <ets>manuel</ets>, L. <ets>manualis</ets>, fr. <ets>manus</ets> hand; prob. akin to AS. <ets>mund</ets> hand, protection, OHG. <ets>munt</ets>, G. <ets>m\'81nd</ets>el a ward, vor<ets>mund</ets> guardian, Icel. <ets>mund</ets> hand. Cf. <er>Emancipate</er>, <er>Legerdemain</er>, <er>Maintain</er>, <er>Manage</er>, <er>Manner</er>, <er>Manur<?/</er>, <er>Mound</er> a hill.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the hand; done or made by the hand; <as>as, <ex>manual</ex> labor; the king's sign <ex>manual</ex>.</as></def> "<i>Manual</i> and ocular examination."

<i>Tatham.</i>

<cs><col>Manual alphabet</col>. <cd>See <er>Dactylology</er>.</cd> -- <col>Manual exercise</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>the exercise by which soldiers are taught the use of their muskets and other arms.</cd> -- <col>Seal manual</col>, <cd>the impression of a seal worn on the hand as a ring.</cd> -- <col>Sign manual</col>. <cd>See under <er>Sign</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Manual</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man"u*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>manuel</ets>, LL. <ets>manuale</ets>. See <er>Manual</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small book, such as may be carried in the hand, or conveniently handled; a handbook; specifically, the service book of the Roman Catholic Church.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>manual</b> of laws, styled the Confessor's Laws.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A keyboard of an organ or harmonium for the fingers, as distinguished from the pedals; a clavier, or set of keys.</def>

<i>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A prescribed exercise in the systematic handing of a weapon; <as>as, the <ex>manual</ex> of arms; the <ex>manual</ex> of the sword; the <ex>manual</ex> of the piece (cannon, mortar, etc.).</as></def>

<h1>Manualist</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man"u*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who works wi<?/h the hands; an artificer.</def>

<h1>Manually</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man"u*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By hand.</def>

<h1>Manuary</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man"u*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>manuarius</ets>, fr. <ets>manus</ets> hand.]</ety> <def>Manual.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An artificer.</def></def2> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Manubial</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Ma*nu"bi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>manubialis</ets>, fr. <ets>manubiae</ets> money obtained from the sale of booty, booty.]</ety> <def>Belonging to spoils; taken in war.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Manubrial</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Ma*nu"bri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a manubrium; shaped like a manubrium; handlelike.</def>

<h1>Manubrium</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Ma*nu"bri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Manubria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Manubriums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., handle, fr. <ets>manus</ets> hand.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A handlelike process or part; esp., the anterior segment of the sternum, or presternum, and the handlelike process of the malleus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The proboscis of a jellyfish; -- called also <altname>hypostoma</altname>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Hydromedusa</er>.</def>

<h1>Manucode</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man"u*code</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Javanese <ets>manukdewata</ets> the bird of the gods: cf. F. <ets>manucode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the genus <spn>Manucodia</spn>, of Australia and New Guinea. They are related to the bird of paradise.</def>

<h1>Manuducent</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man`u*du"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who leads by the hand; a manuductor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Manuduction</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man`u*duc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>manus</ets> hand + <ets>ductio</ets> a leading, <ets>ducere</ets> to lead: cf. F. <ets>manuduction</ets>.]</ety> <def>Guidance by the hand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill. South.</i>

<h1>Manductor</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man`duc"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>manus</ets> the hand + <ets>ductor</ets> a leader, <ets>ducere</ets> to lead: cf. F. <ets>manuducteur</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A conductor; an officer in the ancient church who gave the signal for the choir to sing, and who beat time with the hand, and regulated the music.</def>

<i>Moore (Encyc. of Music.)</i>

<h1>Manufactory</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man`u*fac"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>factorium</ets> an oil press, prop., place where something is made. See <er>Manufacture</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Manufacture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A building or place where anything is manufactured; a factory.</def>

<h1>Manufactory</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man`u*fac"to*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to manufacturing.</def>

<h1>Manufactural</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man`u*fac"tur*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to manufactures.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Manufacture</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man`u*fac"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>manus</ets> the hand + <ets>factura</ets> a making, fr. <ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F. <ets>manufacture</ets>. See <er>Manual</er>, and <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The operation of making wares or any products by hand, by machinery, or by other agency.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything made from raw materials by the hand, by machinery, or by art, as cloths, iron utensils, shoes, machinery, saddlery, etc.</def>

<h1>Manufacture</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man`u*fac"ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Manufactured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Manufacturing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>manufacturer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make (wares or other products) by hand, by machinery, or by other agency; <as>as, to <ex>manufacture</ex> cloth, nails, glass, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To work, as raw or partly wrought materials, into suitable forms for use; <as>as, to <ex>manufacture</ex> wool, cotton, silk, or iron</as>.</def>

<h1>Manufacture</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man`u*fac"ture</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be employed in manufacturing something.</def>

<h1>Manufacturer</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man`u*fac"tur*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who manufactures.</def>

<h1>Manufacturing</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man`u*fac"tur*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Employed, or chiefly employed, in manufacture; <as>as, a <ex>manufacturing</ex> community; a <ex>manufacturing</ex> town.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to manufacture; <as>as, <ex>manufacturing</ex> projects</as>.</def>

<h1>Manul</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Ma"nul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wild cat (<spn>Felis manul</spn>), having long, soft, light-colored fur. It is found in the mountains of Central Asia, and dwells among rocks.</def>

<h1>Manumise</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man"u*mise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Manumit</er>.]</ety> <def>To manumit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Manumission</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man`u*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>manumissio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>manumission</ets>. See <er>Manumit</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of manumitting, or of liberating a slave from bondage.</def> "Given to slaves at their <i>manumission</i>."

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Manumit</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man`u*mit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Manumitted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Manumitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>manumittere</ets>, <ets>manumissum</ets>; <ets>manus</ets> the hand + <ets>mittere</ets> to send, to send off. See <er>Manual</er>, and <er>Missile</er>.]</ety> <def>To release from slavery; to liberate from personal bondage or servitude; to free, as a slave.</def> "<i>Manumitted</i> slaves."

<i>Hume.</i>

<h1>Manumotive</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man"u*mo`tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>manus</ets> the hand + E. <ets>motive</ets>.]</ety> <def>Movable by hand.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Manumotor</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man"u*mo`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>manus</ets> the hand + E. <ets>motor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small wheel carriage, so constructed that a person sitting in it may move it.</def>

<h1>Manurable</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Ma*nur"a*ble</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of cultivation</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of receiving a fertilizing substance.</def>

<h1>Manurage</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Ma*nur"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cultivation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Warner.</i>

<h1>Manurance</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Ma*nur"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cultivation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Manure</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Ma*nure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Manured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Manuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Contr, from OF. <ets>manuvrer</ets>, <ets>manovrer</ets>, to work with the hand, to cultivate by manual labor, F. <ets>man<?/uvker</ets>. See <er>Manual</er>, <er>Ure</er>, <er>Opera</er>, and cf. <er>Inure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cultivate by manual labor; to till; hence, to develop by culture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To whom we gave the strand for to <b>manure</b>.
<i>Surrey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Manure</b> thyself then; to thyself be improved;
And with vain, outward things be no more moved.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To apply manure to; to enrich, as land, by the application of a fertilizing substance.</def>

<blockquote>The blood of English shall <b>manure</b> the ground.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Manure</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Ma*nure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any matter which makes land productive; a fertilizing substance, as the contents of stables and barnyards, dung, decaying animal or vegetable substances, etc.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Manurement</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Ma*nure"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>manouvrement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cultivation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Manurer</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Ma*nur"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who manures land.</def>

<h1>Manurial</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Ma*nu"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to manures.</def>

<h1>Manuring</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Ma*nur"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of process of applying manure; also, the manure applied.</def>

<h1>Manus</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Ma"nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Manus</plw></plu>. <ety>[L., the hand.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The distal segment of the fore limb, including the carpus and fore foot or hand.</def>

<h1>Manuscript</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man"u*script</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>manu scriptus</ets>. See <er>Manual</er>, and <er>Scribe</er>.]</ety> <def>Written with or by the hand; not printed; <as>as, a <ex>manuscript</ex> volume</as>.</def>

<h1>Manuscript</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man"u*script</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>manuscriptum</ets>, lit., something written with the hand. See <er>Manuscript</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A literary or musical composition written with the hand, as distinguished from a printed copy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Writing, as opposed to print; <as>as, the book exists only in <ex>manuscript</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Craik.</i>

<note>&hand; The word is often abbreviated to <i>MS</i>., plural <i>MSS</i>.</note>

<h1>Manuscriptal</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man"u*script`al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Manuscript.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Manutenency</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man`u*ten"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>manus</ets> hand + <ets>tenere</ets> to hold.]</ety> <def>Maintenance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Abp. Sancroft.</i>

<h1>Manway</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Man"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small passageway, as in a mine, that a man may pass through.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Manx</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Manx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Isle of Man, or its inhabitants; <as>as, the <ex>Manx</ex> language</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Manx cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a breed of domestic cats having a rudimentary tail, containing only about three vertebrae.</cd> -- <col>Manx shearwater</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an oceanic bird (<spn>Puffinus anglorum</spn>, or <spn>P. puffinus</spn>), called also <altname>Manx petrel</altname>, <altname>Manx puffin</altname>. It was formerly abundant in the Isle of Man.</cd></cs>

<h1>Manx</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Manx</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The language of the inhabitants of the Isle of Man, a dialect of the Celtic.</def>

<h1>Many</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Ma"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Meine</er>, <er>Mansion</er>.]</ety> <def>A retinue of servants; a household.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Many</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Ma"ny</hw>, <tt>a. &or; pron.</tt> <note>[It has no variation to express degrees of comparison; <i>more</i> and <i>most</i>, which are used for the comparative and superlative degrees, are from a different root.]</note> <ety>[OE. <ets>mani</ets>, <ets>moni</ets>, AS. <ets>manig</ets>, <ets>m\'91nig</ets>, <ets>monig</ets>; akin to D. <ets>menig</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>manag</ets>, G. <ets>manch</ets>, Dan. <ets>mange</ets>, Sw. <ets>m\'86nge</ets>, Goth. <ets>manags</ets>, OSlav. <ets>mnog'</ets>, Russ. <ets>mnogii</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>margr</ets>, Prov. E. <ets>mort</ets>. &root;103.]</ety> <def>Consisting of a great number; numerous; not few.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt be a father of <b>many</b> nations.
<i>Gen. xvii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Not <b>many</b> wise men after the flesh, not <b>many</b> mighty, not <b>many</b> noble, are called.
<i>1 Cor. i. 26.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Many</i> is freely prefixed to participles, forming compounds which need no special explanation; as, <i>many-</i>angled, <i>many-</i>celled, <i>many-</i>eyed, <i>many-</i>footed, <i>many-</i>handed, <i>many-</i>leaved, <i>many-</i>lettered, <i>many-</i>named, <i>many-</i>peopled, <i>many-</i>petaled, <i>many-</i>seeded, <i>many-</i>syllabled (polysyllabic), <i>many-</i>tongued, <i>many-</i>voiced, <i>many-</i>wived, and the like.<-- in such usage equivalent to multi -->
    Comparison is often expressed by <i>many</i> with <i>as</i> or <i>so</i>. "As <i>many</i> as were willing hearted . . . brought bracelets." <i>Exod. xxxv. 22</i>. "So <i>many</i> laws argue so <i>many</i> sins." <i>Milton.</i>
    <i>Many</i> stands with a singular substantive with <i>a</i> or <i>an</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Many a</col>, <cd>a large number taken distributively; each one of many. "For thy sake have I shed <i>many a<i> tear." <i>Shak</i>. "Full <i>many a<i> gem of purest ray serene." <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Many one</col>, <cd>many a one; many persons. <i>BK. of Com. Prayer</i>.</cd> -- <col>The many</col>, <cd>the majority; -- opposed to <i>the few<i>. See <er>Many<er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Too many</col>, <cd>too numerous; hence, too powerful; <as>as, they are <ex>too many<ex> for us</as>.</cd></cs>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Numerous; multiplied; frequent; manifold; various; divers; sundry.</syn>

<h1>Many</h1>
<Xpage=893>

<hw>Ma"ny</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>menigeo</ets>, <ets>menigo</ets>, <ets>menio</ets>, multitude; akin to G. <ets>menge</ets>, OHG. <ets>manag\'c6</ets>, <ets>menig\'c6</ets>, Goth. <ets>managei</ets>. See <er>Many</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The populace; the common people; the majority of people, or of a community.</def>

<blockquote>After him the rascal <b>many</b> ran.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A large or considerable number.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>many</b> of our bodies shall no doubt
Find native graves.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Seeing a great <b>many</b> in rich gowns.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It will be concluded by <b>many</b>that he lived like an honest man.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In this sense, <i>many</i> is connected immediately with another substantive (without <i>of</i>) to show of what the <i>many</i> consists; as, a good <i>many</i> [of] people think so.</note>

<blockquote>He is liable to a great <b>many</b> inconveniences.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Many-minded</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ny-mind`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having many faculties; versatile; many-sided.</def>

<h1>Manyplies</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ny*plies</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Many</ets>, adj. + <ets>plies</ets>, pl. of <ets>ply</ets> a fold.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The third division, or that between the reticulum, or honeycomb stomach, and the abomasum, or rennet stomach, in the stomach of ruminants; the omasum; the psalterium. So called from the numerous folds in its mucous membrane. See <i>Illust</i> of <er>Ruminant</er>.</def>

<h1>Many-sided</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ny-sid`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having many sides; -- said of figures. Hence, presenting many questions or subjects for consideration; <as>as, a <ex>many-sided</ex> topic</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Interested in, and having an aptitude for, many unlike pursuits or objects of attention; versatile.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ma"ny-sid`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<hr>
<page="894">
Page 894<p>

<h1>Manyways, Manywise</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ma"ny*ways`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ma"ny*wise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In many different ways; variously.</def>

<h1>Manzanita</h1>
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<hw>Man`za*ni"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., dim. of <ets>munzana</ets> an apple.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several species of <spn>Arctostaphylos</spn>, but mostly to <spn>A. glauca</spn> and <spn>A. pungens</spn>, shrubs of California, Oregon, etc., with reddish smooth bark, ovate or oval coriaceous evergreen leaves, and bearing clusters of red berries, which are said to be a favorite food of the grizzly bear.</def>

<h1>Maori</h1>
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<hw>Ma"o*ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Maoris</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>One of the aboriginal inhabitants of New Zealand; also, the original language of New Zealand.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Maoris or to their language.</def></def2>

<h1>Map</h1>
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<hw>Map</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From F. <ets>mappe</ets>, in <ets>mappemonde</ets> map of the world, fr. L. <ets>mappa</ets> napkin, signal cloth; -- a Punic word. Cf. <er>Apron</er>, <er>Napkin</er>, <er>Nappe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A representation of the surface of the earth, or of some portion of it, showing the relative position of the parts represented; -- usually on a flat surface. Also, such a representation of the celestial sphere, or of some part of it.</def>

<note>&hand; There are five principal kinds of projection used in making maps: the <i>orthographic</i>, the <i>stereographic</i>, the <i>globuar</i>, the <i>conical</i>, and the <i>cylindrical</i>, or <i>Mercator's projection</i>. See <er>Projection</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything which represents graphically a succession of events, states, or acts; <as>as, an historical <ex>map</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thus is his cheek the <b>map</b> of days outworn.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Map lichen</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a lichen (<spn>Lecidea geographica</spn>.) growing on stones in curious maplike figures.</cd></cs>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Map</h1>
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<hw>Map</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mapped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mapping</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To represent by a map; -- often with <i>out</i>; <as>as, to survey and <ex>map</ex>, or <ex>map out</ex>, a <ex>county</ex></as>. Hence, figuratively: To represent or indicate systematically and clearly; to sketch; to plan; <as>as, to <ex>map</ex>, or <ex>map out</ex>, a journey; to <ex>map out</ex> business.</as></def>

<blockquote>I am near to the place where they should meet, if Pisanio have <b>mapped</b> it truly.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mapach</h1>
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<hw>Ma*pach"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Mexican.]</ety> <def>The raccoon.</def>

<h1>Maple</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>mapolder</ets>, <ets>mapulder</ets>, <ets>mapol</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>m\'94purr</ets>; cf. OHG. <ets>mazzaltra</ets>, <ets>mazzoltra</ets>, G. <ets>massholder</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree of the genus <spn>Acer</spn>, including about fifty species. <spn>A. saccharinum</spn> is the rock maple, or sugar maple, from the sap of which sugar is made, in the United States, in great quantities, by evaporation; the red or swamp maple is <spn>A. rubrum</spn>; the silver maple, <spn>A. dasycarpum</spn>, having fruit wooly when young; the striped maple, <spn>A. Pennsylvanium</spn>, called also <stype>moosewood</stype>. The common maple of Europe is <spn>A. campestre</spn>, the sycamore maple is <spn>A. Pseudo-platanus</spn>, and the Norway maple is <spn>A. platanoides</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Maple</i> is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound; as, <i>maple</i> tree, <i>maple</i> leaf, etc.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Bird's-eye maple</col>, <col>Curled maple</col></mcol>, <cd>varieties of the wood of the rock maple, in which a beautiful lustrous grain is produced by the sinuous course of the fibers.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Maple honey</col>, <col>Maple molasses</col>, &or; <col>Maple sirup</col></mcol>, <cd>maple sap boiled to the consistency of molasses.</cd> -- <col>Maple sugar</col>, <cd>sugar obtained from the sap of the sugar maple by evaporation.</cd></cs>

<h1>Maplike</h1>
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<hw>Map"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having or consisting of lines resembling a map; <as>as, the <ex>maplike</ex> figures in which certain lichens grow</as>.</def>

<h1>Mappery</h1>
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<hw>Map"per*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Map.]</ety> <def>The making, or study, of maps.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Maqui</h1>
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<hw>Ma"qui</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Chilian shrub (<spn>Aristotelia Maqui</spn>). Its bark furnishes strings for musical instruments, and a medicinal wine is made from its berries.</def>

<h1>Mar</h1>
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<hw>Mar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small lake. See <er>Mere</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Mar</h1>
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<hw>Mar</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Marred</er> <tt>(m\'84rd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Marring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>marren</ets>, <ets>merren</ets>, AS. <ets>merran</ets>, <ets>myrran</ets> (in comp.), to obstruct, impede, dissipate; akin to OS. <ets>merrian</ets>, OHG. <ets>marrjan</ets>, <ets>merran</ets>; cf. D. <ets>marren</ets>, <ets>meeren</ets>, to moor a ship, Icel. <ets>merja</ets> to bruise, crush, and Goth. <ets>marzjan</ets> to offend. Cf. <er>Moor</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make defective; to do injury to, esp. by cutting off or defacing a part; to impair; to disfigure; to deface.</def>

<blockquote>I pray you <b>mar</b> no more trees with wiring love songs in their barks.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But mirth is <b>marred</b>, and the good cheer is lost.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ire, envy, and despair
Which <b>marred</b> all his borrowed visage.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To spoil; to ruin.</def> "It makes us, or it <i>mars</i> us." "Striving to mend, to <i>mar</i> the subject."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mar</h1>
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<hw>Mar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mark or blemish made by bruising, scratching, or the like; a disfigurement.</def>

<h1>Mara</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>m\'bera</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Hind. Myth.)</fld> <def>The principal or ruling evil spirit.</def>

<i>E. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Mara</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ra</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>mara</ets> nightmare, an ogress. See <er>Nightmare</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Norse Myth.)</fld> <def>A female demon who torments people in sleep by crouching on their chests or stomachs, or by causing terrifying visions.</def>

<h1>Mara</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ra</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Patagonian cavy (<spn>Dolichotis Patagonicus</spn>.)</def>

<h1>Marabou</h1>
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<hw>Mar`a*bou"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large stork of the genus <spn>Leptoptilos</spn> (formerly <spn>Ciconia</spn>), esp. the African species (<spn>L. crumenifer</spn>), which furnishes plumes worn as ornaments. The Asiatic species (<spn>L. dubius</spn>, or <spn>L. argala</spn>) is the adjutant. See <er>Adjutant</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>marabu</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One having five eighths negro blood; the offspring of a mulatto and a griffe.</def> <mark>[Louisiana]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Marabout</h1>
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<hw>Marabout"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from Pg. <ets>marabuto</ets>, Ar. <ets>mor\'bebit</ets>. Cf. <er>Maravedi</er>.]</ety> <def>A Mohammedan saint; especially, one who claims to work cures supernaturally.</def>

<h1>Maracan</h1>
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<hw>Mar"a*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Braz. <ets>maracan\'a0</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A macaw.</def>

<h1>Marai</h1>
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<hw>Ma*rai"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sacred inclosure or temple; -- so called by the islanders of the Pacific Ocean.</def>

<h1>Maranatha</h1>
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<hw>Mar`a*nath"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Aramaic <ets>m\'beran ath\'be</ets>.]</ety> <def>"Our Lord cometh;" -- an expression used by St. Paul at the conclusion of his first Epistle to the Corinthians (xvi. 22). This word has been used in anathematizing persons for great crimes; as much as to say, "May the Lord come quickly to take vengeance of thy crimes." See <cref>Anathema maranatha</cref>, under <er>Anathema</er>.</def>

<h1>Maranta</h1>
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<hw>Ma*ran"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of endogenous plants found in tropical America, and some species also in India. They have tuberous roots containing a large amount of starch, and from one species (<spn>Maranta arundinacea</spn>) arrowroot is obtained. Many kinds are cultivated for ornament.</def>

<h1>Maraschino</h1>
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<hw>Ma`ra*schi"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. <ets>marasca</ets>, <ets>amarasca</ets>, a sour cherry, L. <ets>amarus</ets> bitter.]</ety> <def>A liqueur distilled from fermented cherry juice, and flavored with the pit of a variety of cherry which grows in Dalmatia.</def>

<-- Maraschino cherry -- a cherry which is colored a deep red and sweetened by cooking in colored syrup, and flavored with maraschino.  Used as a garnish in deserts and cocktails. -->

<h1>Marasmus</h1>
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<hw>Ma*ras"mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ , fr. <?/, to quench, as fire; pass., to die away.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A wasting of flesh without fever or apparent disease; a kind of consumption; atrophy; phthisis.</def>

<blockquote>Pining atrophy,
<b>Marasmus</b>, and wide-wasting pestilence.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Marasmus senilis</col> <ety>[L.]</ety>, <cd>progressive atrophy of the aged.</cd></cs>

<h1>Maraud</h1>
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<hw>Ma*raud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Marauded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Marauding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>marauder</ets>, fr. <ets>maraud</ets> vagabond, OF. <ets>marault</ets>; of uncertain origin, perh. for <ets>malault</ets>, fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>malaldus</ets>; fr. L. <ets>malus</ets> bad, ill + a suffix of German origin (cf. <er>Herald</er>). Cf. <er>Malice</er>.]</ety> <def>To rove in quest of plunder; to make an excursion for booty; to plunder.</def> "<i>Marauding</i> hosts."

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Maraud</h1>
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<hw>Ma*raud"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An excursion for plundering.</def>

<h1>Marauder</h1>
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<hw>Ma*raud`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Maraud</er>, <tt>v.</tt>: cf. F. <ets>maraudeur</ets>.]</ety> <def>A rover in quest of booty or plunder; a plunderer; one who pillages.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Maravedi</h1>
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<hw>Mar`a*ve"di</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>maraved\'a1</ets>; -- so called from the <ets>Mor\'bebit\'c6n</ets> (lit., the steadfast), an Arabian dynasty which reigned in Africa and Spain. Cf. <er>Marabout</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Numis.)</fld> <def>A small copper coin of Spain, equal to three mils American money, less than a farthing sterling. Also, an ancient Spanish gold coin.</def>

<h1>Marble</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>marbel</ets>, <ets>marbre</ets>, F. <ets>marbre</ets>, L. <ets>marmor</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to sparkle, flash. Cf. <er>Marmoreal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A massive, compact limestone; a variety of calcite, capable of being polished and used for architectural and ornamental purposes. The color varies from white to black, being sometimes yellow, red, and green, and frequently beautifully veined or clouded. The name is also given to other rocks of like use and appearance, as serpentine or verd antique marble, and less properly to polished porphyry, granite, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; <col>Breccia marble</col> consists of limestone fragments cemented together. -- <col>Ruin marble</col>, when polished, shows forms resembling ruins, due to disseminated iron oxide. -- <col>Shell marble</col> contains fossil shells. -- <col>Statuary marble</col> is a pure, white, fine-grained kind, including <i>Parian</i> (from Paros) and <i>Carrara</i> marble. If coarsely granular it is called <i>saccharoidal</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thing made of, or resembling, marble, as a work of art, or record, in marble; or, in the plural, a collection of such works; <as>as, the Arundel or Arundelian <ex>marbles</ex>; the Elgin <ex>marbles</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A little ball of marble, or of some other hard substance, used as a plaything by children; or, in the plural, a child's game played with marbles.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Marble</i> is also much used in self-explaining compounds; when used figuratively in compounds it commonly means, hard, cold, destitute of compassion or feeling; as, <i>marble-</i>breasted, <i>marble-</i>faced, <i>marble-</i>hearted.</note>

<h1>Marble</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ble</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made of, or resembling, marble; <as>as, a <ex>marble</ex> mantel; <ex>marble</ex> paper.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cold; hard; unfeeling; <as>as, a <ex>marble</ex> breast or heart</as>.</def>

<h1>Marble</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ble</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Marbled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Marbling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>marbrer</ets>. See <er>Marble</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To stain or vein like marble; to variegate in color; <as>as, to <ex>marble</ex> the edges of a book, or the surface of paper</as>.</def>

<h1>Marbled</h1>
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<hw>Mar"bled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Made of, or faced with, marble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <er>marbled</er> mansion."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Made to resemble marble; veined or spotted like marble.</def> "<i>Marbled</i> paper."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Varied with irregular markings, or witch a confused blending of irregular spots and streaks.</def>

<h1>Marble-edged</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ble-edged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the edge veined or spotted with different colors like marble, as a book.</def>

<h1>Marbleize</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ble*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Marbleized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Marbleizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To stain or grain in imitation of marble; to cover with a surface resembling marble; <as>as, to <ex>marbleize</ex> slate, wood, or iron</as>.</def>

<h1>Marbler</h1>
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<hw>Mar"bler</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who works upon marble or other stone.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who colors or stains in imitation of marble.</def>

<h1>Marbling</h1>
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<hw>Mar"bling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or practice of variegating in color, in imitation of marble.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An intermixture of fat and lean in meat, giving it a marbled appearance.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Distinct markings resembling the variegations of marble, as on birds and insects.</def>

<h1>Marbly</h1>
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<hw>Mar"bly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing, or resembling, marble.</def>

<h1>Marbrinus</h1>
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<hw>Mar*bri"nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., fr. OF. & F. <ets>marble</ets> marble. See <er>Marble</er>.]</ety> <def>A cloth woven so as to imitate the appearance of marble; -- much used in the 15th and 16th centuries.</def>

<i>Beck (Draper's Dict.).</i>

<h1>Marc</h1>
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<hw>Marc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The refuse matter which remains after the pressure of fruit, particularly of grapes.</def>

<h1>Marc</h1>
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<hw>Marc</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>marc</ets>; akin to G. <ets>mark</ets>, Icel. <ets>m\'94rk</ets>, perh. akin to E. <ets>mark</ets> a sign. &rot;106, 273.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mark</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A weight of various commodities, esp. of gold and silver, used in different European countries. In France and Holland it was equal to eight ounces.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A coin formerly current in England and Scotland, equal to thirteen shillings and four pence.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A German coin and money of account. See <er>Mark</er>.</def>

<h1>Marcantant</h1>
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<hw>Mar"can*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>mercatante</ets>. See <er>Merchant</er>.]</ety> <def>A merchant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Marcasite</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ca*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>marcassite</ets>; cf. It. <ets>marcassita</ets>, Sp. <ets>marquesita</ets>, Pg. <ets>marquezita</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>marqash\'c6tha</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A sulphide of iron resembling pyrite or common iron pyrites in composition, but differing in form; white iron pyrites.</def>

<cs><col>Golden marcasite</col>, <cd>tin. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Marcasitic, Marcasitical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mar`ca*sit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mar`ca*sit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing, or having the nature of, marcasite.</def>

<h1>Marcassin</h1>
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<hw>Mar*cas"sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A young wild boar.</def>

<h1>Marcato</h1>
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<hw>Mar*ca"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In a marked emphatic manner; -- used adverbially as a direction.</def>

<h1>Marceline</h1>
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<hw>Mar"cel*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>marcidus</ets> withered, fr. <ets>marcere</ets> to wither, shrivel.]</ety> <def>A thin silk fabric used for linings, etc., in ladies' dresses.</def>

<h1>Marcescent</h1>
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<hw>Mar*ces"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>marcescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>marcescere</ets> to wither, decay, fr. <ets>marcere</ets> to wither, droop: cf. F. <ets>marcescent</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Withering without<?/ falling off; fading; decaying.</def>

<h1>Marcescible</h1>
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<hw>Mar*ces"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>marcescible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Li<?/ble to wither or decay.</def>

<h1>March</h1>
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<hw>March</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Martius mensis</ets> Mars'month fr. <ets>Martius</ets> belonging to <ets>Mars</ets>, the god of war: cf. F. <ets>mars</ets>. Cf. <er>Martial</er>.]</ety> <def>The third month of the year, containing thirty-one days.</def>

<blockquote>The stormy <b>March</b> is come at last,
With wind, and cloud, and changing skies.
<i>Bryant.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>As mad as a March Hare</col>, <cd>an old English Saying derived from the fact that March is the rutting time of hares, when they are excitable and violent.</cd></cs>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>March</h1>
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<hw>March</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>marche</ets>, F. <ets>marche</ets>; of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>marcha</ets>, G. <ets>mark</ets>, akin to OS. <ets>marka</ets>, AS. <ets>mearc</ets>, Goth. <ets>marka</ets>, L. <ets>margo</ets> edge, border, margin, and possibly to E. <ets>mark</ets> a sign. <?/106. Cf. <er>Margin</er>, <er>Margrave</er>, <er>Marque</er>, <er>Marquis</er>.]</ety> <def>A territorial border or frontier; a region adjacent to a boundary line; a confine; -- used chiefly in the plural, and in English history applied especially to the border land on the frontiers between England and Scotland, and England and Wales.</def>

<blockquote>Geneva is situated in the <b>marches</b> of several dominions -- France, Savoy, and Switzerland.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lords of waste <b>marches</b>, kings of desolate isles.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>March</h1>
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<hw>March</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>marchir</ets>. See 2d <er>March</er>.]</ety> <def>To border; to be contiguous; to lie side by side.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That was in a strange land
Which <b>marcheth</b> upon Chimerie.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To march with</col>, <cd>to have the same boundary for a greater or less distance; -- said of an estate.</cd></cs>

<h1>March</h1>
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<hw>March</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Marched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Marching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>marcher</ets>, in OF. also, to tread, prob. fr. L. <ets>marcus</ets> hammer. Cf. <er>Mortar</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move with regular steps, as a soldier; to walk in a grave, deliberate, or stately manner; to advance steadily.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To proceed by walking in a body or in military order; <as>as, the German army <er>marched</er> into France</as>.</def>

<h1>March</h1>
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<hw>March</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>TO cause to move with regular steps in the manner of a soldier; to cause to move in military array, or in a body, as troops; to cause to advance in a steady, regular, or stately manner; to cause to go by peremptory command, or by force.</def>

<blockquote><b>March</b> them again in fair array.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>March</h1>
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<hw>March</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>marche</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of marching; a movement of soldiers from one stopping place to another; military progress; advance of troops.</def>

<blockquote>These troops came to the army harassed with a long and wearisome <b>march</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Measured and regular advance or movement, like that of soldiers moving in order; stately or deliberate walk; steady onward movement.</def>

<blockquote>With solemn <b>march</b>
Goes slow and stately by them.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This happens merely because men will not bide their time, but will insist on precipitating the <b>march</b> of affairs.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The distance passed over in marching; <as>as, an hour's <ex>march</ex>; a <ex>march</ex> of twenty miles.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A piece of music designed or fitted to accompany and guide the movement of troops; a piece of music in the march form.</def>

<blockquote>The drums presently striking up a <b>march</b>.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To make a march</col>, <fld>(Card Playing)</fld>, <cd>to take all the tricks of a hand, in the game of euchre.</cd></cs>

<h1>Macher</h1>
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<hw>Mach"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who marches.</def>

<h1>Marcher</h1>
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<hw>March"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>March</er>.]</ety> <def>The lord or officer who defended the marches or borders of a territory.</def>

<h1>Marchet, Merchet</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mar"chet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mer"chet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>marcheta</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>In old English and in Scots law, a fine paid to the lord of the soil by a tenant upon the marriage of one the tenant's daughters.</def>

<h1>Marching</h1>
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<hw>March"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt><def>,fr. <er>March</er>, <tt>v.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Marching money</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the additional pay of officer or soldier when his regiment is marching.</cd> -- <col>In marching order</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>equipped for a march.</cd> -- <col>Marching regiment</col>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A regiment in active service</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In England, a regiment liable to be ordered into other quarters, at home or abroad; a regiment of the line.</cd></cs>

<h1>Marchion-ess</h1>
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<hw>Mar"chion-ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>marchionissa</ets>, fr. <ets>marchio</ets> a marquis. See <ets>Marquis</ets>.]</ety> <def>The wife or the widow of a marquis; a woman who has the rank and dignity of a marquis.</def>

<i>Spelman.</i>

<h1>March-mad</h1>
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<hw>March"-mad`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Extremely rash; foolhardy. See under <er>March</er>, the month.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Marchman</h1>
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<hw>March"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person living in the marches between England and Scotland or Wales.</def>

<h1>Marchpane</h1>
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<hw>March"pane`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>marzapane</ets>,Sp. <ets>pan</ets>,. <ets>massepain</ets>, prob. fr. L. <ets>maza</ets> frumenty (Gr. <grk>ma^za</grk>) + L. <ets>panis</ets> bread; but perh. the first part of the word is from the name of the inventor.]</ety> <def>A kind of sweet bread or biscuit; a cake of pounded almonds and sugar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><-- = <altname>marzipan</altname> -->

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>March-ward</h1>
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<hw>March"-ward`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A warden of the marches; a marcher.</def>

<h1>Marcian</h1>
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<hw>Mar"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Under the influence of Mars; courageous; bold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Marcid</h1>
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<hw>Mar"cid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>marcidus</ets>, fr. <ets>marcere</ets> to wither, pine.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pining; lean; withered.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by emaciation, as a fever.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Mar-cidi-ty</h1>
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<hw>Mar-cid"i-ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>marciditas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being withered or lean.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hr>
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Page 895<p>

<h1>Marcionite</h1>
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<hw>Mar"cion*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist)</fld> <def>A follower of <i>Marcion</i>, a Gnostic of the second century, who adopted the Oriental notion of the two conflicting principles, and imagined that between them there existed a third power, neither wholly good nor evil, the Creator of the world and of man, and the God of the Jewish dispensation.</def>

<i>Brande & C. </i>

<h1>Marcobrunner</h1>
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<hw>Mar`co*brun"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>Marcobrunner</ets>.]</ety> <def>A celebrated Rhine wine.</def>

<h1>Marcor</h1>
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<hw>Mar"cor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>marcere</ets> to wither.]</ety> <def>A wasting away of flesh; decay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Marcosian</h1>
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<hw>Mar*co"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a Gnostic sect of the second century, so called from <i>Marcus</i>, an Egyptian, who was reputed to be a margician.</def>

<h1>Mardi gras</h1>
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<hw>Mar"di` gras"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., literally, fat Tuesday.]</ety> <def>The last day of Carnival; Shrove Tuesday; -- in some cities a great day of carnival and merrymaking.</def>

<h1>Mare</h1>
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<hw>Mare</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mere</ets>, AS.  <ets>mere</ets>, <ets>myre</ets>, fem of AS. <ets>mearh</ets> horse, akin to D. <ets>merrie</ets> mare, G. <ets>m\'84hre</ets>, OHG. <ets>marah</ets> horse, <ets>meriha</ets> mare, Icel. <ets>marr</ets> horse, OCelt. <ets>marka</ets> (Pausan. 19, 19,4), Ir. <ets>marc</ets>, W. <ets>march</ets>. Cf. <er>Marshal</er>.]</ety> <def>The female of the horse and other equine quadrupeds.</def>

<h1>Mare</h1>
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<hw>Mare</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>mara</ets> incubus; akin to OHG. & Icel. <ets>mara</ets>; cf. Pol. <ets>mora</ets>, Bohem. <ets>m<?/ra</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Sighing, suffocative panting, intercepted utterance, with a sense of pressure across the chest, occurring during sleep; the incubus; -- obsolete, except in the compound <i>nightmare</i>.</def>

<blockquote>I will ride thee o' nights like the <b>mare</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Marechal Niel</h1>
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<hw>Mare"chal Niel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A kind of large yellow rose.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Marshal Niel</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mareis</h1>
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<hw>Mar"eis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Marsh.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Marena</h1>
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<hw>Ma*re"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Salmo maraena</ets>, G. <ets>mar\'84ne</ets>, <ets>mor\'84ne</ets>; -- so called from Lake <ets>Morin</ets>, in the March of Brandenburg, in Prussia.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European whitefish of the genus <spn>Coregonus</spn>.</def>

<h1>Mareschal</h1>
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<hw>Mare"schal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>mareschal</ets>, F. <ets>mar\'82chal</ets>. See <er>Marshal</er>.]</ety> <def>A military officer of high rank; a marshal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mare's-nest</h1>
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<hw>Mare's"-nest`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A supposed discovery which turns out to be a hoax; something grosaly absurd.</def>

<h1>Mare's-tail</h1>
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<hw>Mare's"-tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A long streaky cloud, spreading out like a horse's tail, and believed to indicate rain; a cirrus cloud. See <er>Cloud</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Mackerel sky and <b>mare's-tails</b>
Make tall ships carry low sails.
<i>Old Rhyme.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An aquatic plant of the genus <spn>Hippuris</spn> (<spn>H.vulgaris</spn>), having narrow leaves in whorls.</def>

<h1>Margarate</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ga*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>margarate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of the so-called margaric acid with a base.</def>

<h1>Margaric</h1>
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<hw>Mar*gar"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>margarique</ets>. See <er>Margarite</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, pearl; pearly.</def>

<cs><col>Margaric acid</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <cd>A fatty body, crystallizing in pearly scales, and obtained by digesting saponified fats (soaps) with an acid. It was formerly supposed to be an individual fatty acid, but is now known to be simply an intimate mixture of stearic and palmitic acids.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>A white, crystalline substance, <chform>C17H34O2</chform> of the fatty acid series, intermediate between palmitic and stearic acids, and obtained from the wax of certain lichens, from cetyl cyanide, and other sources.</cd></cs>

<h1>Margarin</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ga*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>margarine</ets>. See <er>Margarite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A fatty substance, extracted from animal fats and certain vegetable oils, formerly supposed to be a definite compound of glycerin and margaric acid, but now known to be simply a mixture or combination of tristearin and teipalmitin.</def>

<h1>Marasritaceous</h1>
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<hw>Mar`as*ri*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, pearl; pearly.</def>

<h1>Margarite</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ga*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>margarita</ets>, Gr. <?/ a pearl; cf. F. <ets>marguerite</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pearl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Peacham.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral related to the micas, but low in silica and yielding brittle folia with pearly luster.</def>

<h1>Margaritic</h1>
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<hw>Mar`ga*rit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>margaritique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Margaric.</def>

<h1>Margaritiferous</h1>
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<hw>Mar`ga*ri*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>margaritifer</ets>; <ets>margarita</ets> pearl + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>margaritif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing pearls.</def>

<h1>Margarodite</h1>
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<hw>Mar*gar"o*dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ pearl-like.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hidrous potash mica related to muscovite.</def>

<h1>Margarone</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ga*rone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Margar</ets>ic + <ets>-one</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The ketone of margaric acid.</def>

<h1>Margarous</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ga*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Margaric; -- formerly designating a supposed acid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Margate fish</h1>
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<hw>Mar"gate fish"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sparoid fish (<spn>Diabasis aurolineatus</spn>) of the Gulf of Mexico, esteemed as a food fish; -- called also <altname>red-mouth grunt</altname>.</def>

<h1>Margay</h1>
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<hw>Mar"gay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American wild cat (<spn>Felis tigrina</spn>), ranging from Mexico to Brazil. It is spotted with black. Called also <altname>long-tailed cat</altname>.</def>

<h1>Marge</h1>
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<hw>Marge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>marge</ets>. See <er>Margin</er>.]</ety> <def>Border; margin; edge; verge.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>Along the river's stony <b>marge</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Margent</h1>
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<hw>Mar"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. See <er>Margin</er>.]</ety> <def>A margin; border; brink; edge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The beached <b>margent</b> of the sea.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Margent</h1>
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<hw>Mar"gent</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To enter or note down upon the margin of a page; to margin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mir. for Mag.</i>

<h1>Margin</h1>
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<hw>Mar"gin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>margine</ets>, <ets>margent</ets>, L. <ets>margo</ets>, <ets>ginis</ets>. Cf. <er>March</er> a border, <er>Marge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A border; edge; brink; verge; <as>as, the <ex>margin</ex> of a river or lake</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: The part of a page at the edge left uncovered in writing or printing.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The difference between the cost and the selling price of an article.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Something allowed, or reserved, for that which can not be foreseen or known with certainty.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Brokerage)</fld> <def>Collateral security deposited with a broker to secure him from loss on contracts entered into by him on behalf of his principial, as in the speculative buying and selling of stocks, wheat, etc.</def>

<i>N. Biddle.</i>

<cs><col>Margin draft</col> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>a smooth cut margin on the face of hammer-dressed ashlar, adjacent to the joints.</cd> -- <col>Margin of a course</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>that part of a course, as of slates or shingles, which is not covered by the course immediately above it. See 2d <er>Gauge</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Border; brink; verge; brim; rim.</syn>

<h1>Margin</h1>
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<hw>Mar"gin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Margined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Marginging</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish with a margin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enter in the margin of a page.</def>

<h1>Marginal</h1>
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<hw>Mar"gin*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>marginal</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a margin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Written or printed in the margin; <as>as, a <ex>marginal</ex> note or gloss</as>.</def>

<h1>Marginalia</h1>
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<hw>Mar`gi*na"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Marginal notes.</def>

<h1>Marginally</h1>
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<hw>Mar"gin*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the margin of a book.</def>

<h1>Marginate</h1>
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<hw>Mar"gin*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>marginatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>marginare</ets> to margin. See <er>Margin</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Having a margin distinct in appearance or structure.</def>

<h1>Marginate</h1>
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<hw>Mar"gin*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with a distinct margin; to margin.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Marginated</h1>
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<hw>Mar"gin*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Marginate</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Margined</h1>
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<hw>Mar"gined</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a margin.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Bordered with a distinct line of color.</def>

<h1>Marginella</h1>
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<hw>Mar`gi*nel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>margo</ets>, <ets>marginis</ets>, a margin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small, polished, marine univalve shells, native of all warm seas.</def>

<h1>Marginicidal</h1>
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<hw>Mar"gin*i*ci`dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>margo</ets>, <ets>-ginis</ets>, margin + <ets>caedere</ets> to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Dehiscent by the separation of united carpels; -- said of fruits.</def>

<h1>Margosa</h1>
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<hw>Mar*go"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>amargoso</ets> bitter.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large tree of genus <spn>Melia</spn> (<spn>M. Azadirachta</spn>) found in India. Its bark is bitter, and used as a tonic. A valuable oil is expressed from its seeds, and a tenacious gum exudes from its trunk. The <spn>M. Azedarach</spn> is a much more showy tree, and is cultivated in the Southern United States, where it is known as <i>Pride of India</i>, <i>Pride of China</i>, or <i>bead tree</i>. Various parts of the tree are considered anthelmintic.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>margosa</b> oil . . . is a most valuable balsam for wounds, having a peculiar smell which prevents the attacks of flies.
<i>Sir S. Baker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Margravate, Margraviate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mar"gra*vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mar*gra"vi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>margraviat</ets>.]</ety> <def>The territory or jurisdiction of a margrave.</def>

<h1>Margrave</h1>
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<hw>Mar"grave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>markgraf</ets>, prop., lord chief justice of the march; <ets>mark</ets> bound, border, march + <ets>graf</ets> earl, count, lord chief justice; cf. Goth. <ets>gagr\'89fts</ets> decree: cf. D. <ets>markgraaf</ets>, F. <ets>margrave</ets>. See <er>March</er> border, and cf. <er>Landgrave</er>, <er>Graff</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, a lord or keeper of the borders or marches in Germany.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The English equivalent of the German title of nobility, <i>markgraf</i>; a marquis.</def>

<h1>Margravine</h1>
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<hw>Mar"gra*vine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>markgr\'84fin</ets>: cf. F. <ets>margrafine</ets>.]</ety> <def>The wife of a margrave.</def>

<h1>Marguerite</h1>
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<hw>Mar"gue*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a pearl, a daisy. See <er>Margarite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The daisy (<spn>Bellis perennis</spn>). The name is often applied also to the ox-eye daisy and to the China aster.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Marian</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the Virgin Mary, or sometimes to Mary, Queen of England, daughter of Henry VIII.</def>

<blockquote>Of all the <b>Marian</b> martyrs, Mr. Philpot was the best-born gentleman.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Maid Marian</col>. <cd>See <er>Maidmarian</er> in the Vocabulary.</cd></cs>
<-- 2. a prominent character in the legend of Robin Hood -->

<h1>Marie</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>Marry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mariet</h1>
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<hw>Mar"i*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mariette</ets>, prop. dim. of <ets>Marie</ets> Mary.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of bellflower, <spn>Companula Trachelium</spn>, once called <spn>Viola Mariana</spn>; but it is not a violet.</def>

<h1>Marigenous</h1>
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<hw>Ma*rig"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mare</ets> the sea + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Produced in or by the sea.</def>

<h1>Marigold</h1>
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<hw>Mar"i*gold</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mary</ets> + <ets>gold</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name for several plants with golden yellow blossoms, especially the <spn>Calendula officinalis</spn> (see <er>Calendula</er>), and the cultivated species of <spn>Tagetes</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; There are several yellow-flowered plants of different genera bearing this name; as, the <stype>African &or; French marigold</stype> of the genus <spn>Tagetes</spn>, of which several species and many varieties are found in gardens. They are mostly strong-smelling herbs from South America and Mexico: <stype>bur marigold</stype>, of the genus <spn>Bidens</spn>; <stype>corn marigold</stype>, of the genus <spn>Chrysanthemum</spn> (<spn>C. segetum</spn>, a pest in the cornfields of Italy); <stype>fig marigold</stype>, of the genus <spn>Mesembryanthemum</spn>; <stype>marsh marigold</stype>, of the genus <spn>Caltha</spn> (<spn>C. palustris</spn>), commonly known in America as the <i>cowslip</i>. See <er>Marsh Marigold</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Marigold window</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Rose window</cref>, under <er>Rose</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Marikina</h1>
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<hw>Mar`i*ki"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native name: cf. Pg. <ets>mariquinha</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A small marmoset (<spn>Midas rosalia</spn>); the silky tamarin.</def>

<h1>Marimba</h1>
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<hw>Ma*rim"ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg.]</ety> <def>A musical istrument of percussion, consisting of bars yielding musical tones when struck.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Marimonda</h1>
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<hw>Mar`i*mon"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spider monkey (<spn>Ateles belzebuth</spn>) of Central and South America.</def>

<h1>Marinade</h1>
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<hw>Mar`i*nade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.: cf. It. <ets>marinato</ets> marinade, F. <ets>mariner</ets> to preserve food for use at sea. See <er>Marinate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A brine or pickle containing wine and spices, for enriching the flavor of meat and fish.</def>

<h1>Marinate</h1>
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<hw>Mar"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Marine</er>, and cf. <er>Marinade</er>.]</ety> <def>To salt or pickle, as fish, and then preserve in oil or vinegar; to prepare by the use of marinade.</def>

<h1>Marine</h1>
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<hw>Ma*rine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>marinus</ets>, fr. <ets>mare</ets> the sea: cf. F. <ets>marin</ets>. See <er>Mere</er> a pool.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the sea; having to do with the ocean, or with navigation or naval affairs; nautical; <as>as, <ex>marine</ex> productions or bodies; <ex>marine</ex> shells; a <ex>marine</ex> engine.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Formed by the action of the currents or waves of the sea; <as>as, <ex>marine</ex> deposits</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Marine acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>hydrochloric acid.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Marine barometer</col>. <cd>See under <er>Barometer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Marine corps</col>, <cd>a corps formed of the officers, noncommissioned officers, privates, and musicants of marines.</cd><-- officially part of the navy, but now considered one of the four branches of the armed forces in the US --> -- <col>Marine engine</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a steam engine for propelling a vessel.</cd> -- <col>Marine glue</col>. <cd>See under <er>Glue</er>.</cd> -- <col>Marine insurance</col>, <cd>insurance against the perils of the sea, including also risks of fire, piracy, and barratry.</cd> -- <col>Marine interest</col>, <cd>interest at any rate agreed on for money lent upon respondentia and bottomry bonds.</cd> -- <col>Marine law</col>. <cd>See under <er>Law</er>.</cd> -- <col>Marine league</col>, <cd>three geographical miles.</cd> -- <col>Marine metal</col>, <cd>an alloy of lead, antimony, and mercury, made for sheathing ships. <i>Mc Elrath</i>.</cd> -- <col>Marine soap</col>, <cd>cocoanut oil soap; -- so called because, being quite soluble in salt water, it is much used on shipboard.</cd> -- <col>Marine store</col>, <cd>a store where old canvas, ropes, etc., are bought and sold; a junk shop. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Marine</h1>
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<hw>Ma*rine"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>marin</ets> a sea solider, <ets>marine</ets> naval economy, a marine picture, fr. L. <ets>marinus</ets>. See <er>Marine</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A solider serving on shipboard; a sea soldier; one of a body of troops trained to do duty in the navy.</def>
<-- a member of the marine corps -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sum of naval affairs; naval economy; the department of navigation and sea forces; the collective shipping of a country; <as>as, the mercantile <ex>marine</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A picture representing some marine subject.</def>

<cs><col>Tell that to the marines</col>, <cd>an expression of disbelief, the <i>marines<i> being regarded by sailors as credulous. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Marined</h1>
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<hw>Ma*rined"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>marin\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having the lower part of the body like a fish.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Mariner</h1>
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<hw>Mar"i*ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>marinier</ets>, LL. <ets>marinarius</ets>. See <er>Marine</er>.]</ety> <def>One whose occupation is to assist in navigating ships; a seaman or sailor.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Mariner's compass</col>. <cd>See under <er>Compass</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Marinership</h1>
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<hw>Mar"i*ner*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Seamanship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udalt.</i>

<h1>Marinorama</h1>
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<hw>Mar`i*no*ra"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>marinus</ets> marine + Gr. <?/ view.]</ety> <def>A representation of a sea view.</def>

<h1>Mariolater</h1>
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<hw>Ma`ri*ol"a*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mariolatry</er>.]</ety> <def>One who worships the Virgin Mary.</def>

<h1>Mariolatry</h1>
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<hw>Ma`ri*ol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ Mary + <?/ worship.]</ety> <def>The worship of the Virgin Mary.</def>

<h1>Marionette</h1>
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<hw>Mar`i*o*nette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>marionette</ets>, prop. a dim. of <ets>Marie</ets> Mary.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A puppet moved by strings, as in a puppet show.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The buffel duck.</def>

<h1>Mariotte's law</h1>
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<hw>Ma`ri*otte's law`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Physics.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Boyle's law</cref>, under <er>Law</er>.</def>

<h1>Mariposa lily</h1>
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<hw>Ma`ri*po"sa lil`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Sp. <ets>mariposa</ets> a butterfly + E. <ets>lily</ets>. So called from the gay apperance of the blossoms.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of a genus (<spn>Calochortus</spn>) of tuliplike bulbous herbs with large, and often gaycolored, blossoms. Called also <altname>butterfly lily</altname>. Most of them are natives of California.</def>

<h1>Mariput</h1>
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<hw>Mar"i*put</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of civet; the zoril.</def>

<h1>Marish</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>marais</ets>, LL. <ets>marascus</ets>. See <er>Marsh</er>.]</ety> <def>Low, wet ground; a marsh; a fen; a bog; a moor.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Milton. Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Marish</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Moory; fenny; boggy.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Growing in marshes.</def> "<i>Marish</i> flowers."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Marital</h1>
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<hw>Mar"i*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>maritalis</ets>, fr. <ets>maritus</ets> belonging to marriage, <tt>n.</tt>, a husband. See <er>Marry</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a husband; <as>as, <ex>marital</ex> rights, duties, authority</as>.</def> "<i>Marital</i> affection."

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Maritated</h1>
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<hw>Mar"i*ta`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>maritatus</ets> married.]</ety> <def>Having a husband; married.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Maritimal, Maritimale</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ma*rit"i*mal</hw>, <hw>Ma*rit"i*male</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Maritime</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Maritime</h1>
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<hw>Mar"i*time</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>maritimus</ets>, fr. <ets>mare</ets> the sea: cf. F. <ets>maritime</ets>. See <er>Mere</er> a pool.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bordering on, or situated near, the ocean; connected with the sea by site, interest, or power; having shipping and commerce or a navy; <as>as, <ex>maritime</ex> states</as>.</def> "A <i>maritime</i> town."

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the ocean; marine; pertaining to navigation and naval affairs, or to shipping and commerce by sea.</def> "<i>Maritime</i> service."

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<cs><col>Maritime law</col>. <cd>See <er>Law</er>.</cd> -- <col>Maritime loan</col>, <cd>a loan secured by bottomry or respodentia bonds.</cd> -- <col>Martime nations</col>, <cd>nations having seaports, and using the sea more or less for war or commerce.</cd></cs>

<h1>Marjoram</h1>
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<hw>Mar"jo*ram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>majoran</ets>, F. <ets>marjolaine</ets>, LL. <ets>marjoraca</ets>, fr. L. <ets>amaracus</ets>, <ets>amaracum</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of mintlike plants (<spn>Origanum</spn>) comprising about twenty-five species. The sweet marjoram (<spn>O. Majorana</spn>) is pecularly aromatic and fragrant, and much used in cookery. The wild marjoram of Europe and America is <spn>O. vulgare</spn>, far less fragrant than the other.</def>

<h1>Mark</h1>
<Xpage=895>

<hw>Mark</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A license of reprisals. See <er>Marque</er>.</def>

<h1>Mark</h1>
<Xpage=895>

<hw>Mark</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Marc</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An old weight and coin. See <er>Marc</er>.</def> "Lend me a <i>mark</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The unit of monetary account of the German Empire, equal to 23.8 cents of United States money; the equivalent of one hundred pfennigs. Also, a silver coin of this value.</def>
<-- in 1995, approx. 65 cents American -->

<h1>Mark</h1>
<Xpage=895>

<hw>Mark</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>marke</ets>, <ets>merke</ets>, AS. <ets>mearc</ets>; akin to D. <ets>merk</ets>, MHG. <ets>marc</ets>, G. <ets>marke</ets>, Icel. <ets>mark</ets>, Dan. <ets>m\'91rke</ets>; cf. Lith. <ets>margas</ets> party-colored. &root;106, 273. Cf. <er>Remark</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A visible sign or impression made or left upon anything; esp., a line, point, stamp, figure, or the like, drawn or impressed, so as to attract the attention and convey some information or intimation; a token; a trace.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord set a <b>mark</b> upon Cain, lest any finding him should kill him.
<i>Gen. iv. 15.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="896">
Page 896<p>

<p><b>2.</b> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A character or device put on an article of merchandise by the maker to show by whom it was made; a trade-mark.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A character (usually a cross) made as a substitute for a signature by one who can not write.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>mark</b> of the artisan is found upon the most ancient fabrics that have come to light.
<i>Knight.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A fixed object serving for guidance, as of a ship, a traveler, a surveyor, etc.; <as>as, a sea<ex>mark</ex>, a land<ex>mark</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A trace, dot, line, imprint, or discoloration, although not regarded as a token or sign; a scratch, scar, stain, etc.; <as>as, this pencil makes a fine <ex>mark</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>I have some <b>marks</b> of yours upon my pate.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An evidence of presence, agency, or influence; a significative token; a symptom; a trace; specifically, a permanent impression of one's activity or character.</def>

<blockquote>The confusion of tongues was a <b>mark</b> of separation.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>That toward which a missile is directed; a thing aimed at; what one seeks to hit or reach.</def>

<blockquote>France was a fairer <b>mark</b> to shoot at than Ireland.
<i>Davies.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whate'er the motive, pleasure is the <b>mark</b>.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Attention, regard, or respect.</def>

<blockquote>As much in mock as <b>mark</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Limit or standard of action or fact; <as>as, to be within the <ex>mark</ex>; to come up to the <ex>mark</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Badge or sign of honor, rank, or official station.</def>

<blockquote>In the official <b>marks</b> invested, you
Anon do meet the Senate.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Pre\'89minence; high position; <as>as, particians of <ex>mark</ex>; a fellow of no <ex>mark</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A characteristic or essential attribute; a differential.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>A number or other character used in registring; <as>as, examination <ex>marks</ex>; a <ex>mark</ex> for tardiness.</as></def>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>Image; likeness; hence, those formed in one's image; children; descendants.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "All the <i>mark</i> of Adam."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>14.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of the bits of leather or colored bunting which are placed upon a sounding line at intervals of from two to five fathoms. The unmarked fathoms are called "deeps."</def>

<cs><col>A man of mark</col>, <cd>a conspicuous or eminent man.</cd> -- <col>To make one's mark</col>. <fld>(a)</fld> <cd>To sign, as a letter or other writing, by making a cross or other mark.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To make a distinct or lasting impression on the public mind, or on affairs; to gain distinction.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Impress; impression; stamp; print; trace; vestige; track; characteristic; evidence; proof; token; badge; indication; symptom.</syn>

<h1>Mark</h1>
<Xpage=896>

<hw>Mark</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Marked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Marking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>marken</ets>, <ets>merken</ets>, AS. <ets>mearcian</ets>, from <ets>mearc</ets>. See <er>Mark</er> the sign.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put a mark upon; to affix a significant mark to; to make recognizable by a mark; <as>as, to <ex>mark</ex> a box or bale of merchandise; to <ex>mark</ex> clothing.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be a mark upon; to designate; to indicate; -- used literally and figuratively; <as>as, this monument <ex>marks</ex> the spot where Wolfe died; his courage and energy <ex>marked</ex> him for a leader.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To leave a trace, scratch, scar, or other mark, upon, or any evidence of action; <as>as, a pencil <ex>marks</ex> paper; his hobnails <ex>marked</ex> the floor.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To keep account of; to enumerate and register; <as>as, to <ex>mark</ex> the points in a game of billiards or cards</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To notice or observe; to give attention to; to take note of; to remark; to heed; to regard.</def> "<i>Mark</i> the perfect man."

<i>Ps. xxxvii. 37.</i>

<cs><col>To mark out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To designate, as by a mark; to select; as, the ringleaders were <i>marked out<i> for punishment</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To obliterate or cancel with a mark; as, to <i>mark out<i> an item in an account.</cd> -- <col>To mark time</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to keep the time of a marching step by moving the legs alternately without advancing.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To note; remark; notice; observe; regard; heed; show; evince; indicate; point out; betoken; denote; characterize; stamp; imprint; impress; brand.</syn>

<h1>Mark</h1>
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<hw>Mark</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take particular notice; to observe critically; to note; to remark.</def>

<blockquote><b>Mark</b>, I pray you, and see how this man seeketh maschief.
<i>1 Kings xx. 7.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Markable</h1>
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<hw>Mark"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Remarkable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Marked</h1>
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<hw>Marked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Designated or distinguished by, or as by, a mark; hence; noticeable; conspicuous; <as>as, a <ex>marked</ex> card; a <ex>marked</ex> coin; a <ex>marked</ex> instance.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mark"ed*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <i>J. S. Mill</i>.</wordforms>

<cs><col>A marked man</col>, <cd>a man who is noted by a community, or by a part of it, as, for excellence or depravity; -- usually with an unfavorable suggestion.</cd></cs>

<h1>Markee</h1>
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<hw>Mar*kee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Marquee</er>.</def>

<h1>Marker</h1>
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<hw>Mark"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who or that which marks</def>. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who keeps account of a game played, as of billiards.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A counter used in card playing and other games.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The soldier who forms the pilot of a wheeling column, or marks the direction of an alignment.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>An attachment to a sewing machine for marking a line on the fabric by creasing it.</def>

<h1>Market</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>markt</ets>, OHG. <ets>mark\'bet</ets>, <ets>merk\'bet</ets>, G. <ets>markt</ets>; all fr.L. <ets>mercatus</ets> trade, market place, fr. <ets>mercari</ets>, p. p. <ets>mercatus</ets>, to trade, traffic, <ets>merx</ets>, <ets>mercis</ets>, ware, merchandise, prob. akin to <ets>merere</ets> to deserve, gain, acquire: cf. F. <ets>march\'82</ets>. See <er>Merit</er>, and cf. <er>Merchant</er>, <er>Mart</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A meeting together of people, at a stated time and place, for the purpose of traffic (as in cattle, provisions, wares, etc.) by private purchase and sale, and not by auction; <as>as, a <ex>market</ex> is held in the town every week</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He is wit's peddler; and retails his wares
At wakes, and wassails, meetings, <b>markets</b>, fairs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Three women and a goose make a <b>market</b>.
<i>Old Saying.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A public place (as an open space in a town) or a large building, where a market is held; a market place or market house; esp., a place where provisions are sold.</def>

<blockquote>There is at Jerusalem by the sheep <b>market</b> a pool.
<i>John v. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An opportunity for selling anything; demand, as shown by price offered or obtainable; a town, region, or country, where the demand exists; <as>as, to find a <ex>market</ex> for one's wares; there is no <ex>market</ex> for woolen cloths in that region; India is a <ex>market</ex> for English goods.</as></def>

<blockquote>There is a third thing to be considered: how a <b>market</b> can be created for produce, or how production can be limited to the capacities of the <b>market</b>.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Exchange, or purchase and sale; traffic; <as>as, a dull <ex>market</ex>; a slow <ex>market</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The price for which a thing is sold in a market; market price. Hence: Value; worth.</def>

<blockquote>What is a man
If his chief good and <b>market</b> of his time
Be but to sleep and feed ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The privelege granted to a town of having a public market.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Market</i> is often used adjectively, or in forming compounds of obvious meaning; as, <i>market</i> basket, <i>market</i> day, <i>market</i> folk, <i>market</i> house, <i>market</i>man, <i>market</i> place, <i>market</i> price, <i>market</i> rate, <i>market</i> wagon, <i>market</i> woman, and the like.</note>

<cs><col>Market beater</col>, <cd>a swaggering bully; a noisy braggart. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>Market bell</col>, <cd>a bell rung to give notice that buying and selling in a market may begin. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Market cross</col>, <cd>a cross set up where a market is held. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Market garden</col>, <cd>a garden in which vegetables are raised for market.</cd> -- <col>Market gardening</col>, <cd>the raising of vegetables for market.</cd> -- <col>Market place</col>, <cd>an open square or place in a town where markets or public sales are held.</cd> -- <col>Market town</col>, <cd>a town that has the privilege of a stated public market.</cd></cs>

<h1>Market</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Marketed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Marketing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deal in a market; to buy or sell; to make bargains for provisions or goods.</def>

<h1>Market</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ket</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To expose for sale in a market; to traffic in; to sell in a market, and in an extended sense, to sell in any manner; <as>as, most of the farmes have <ex>marketed</ex> their crops</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Industrious merchants meet, and <b>market</b> there
The world's collected wealth.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Marketable</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ket*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fit to be offered for sale in a market; such as may be justly and lawfully sold; <as>as, dacaye<?/ provisions are not <ex>marketable</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Current in market; <as>as, <ex>marketable</ex> value</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Wanted by purchasers; salable; <as>as, furs are not <ex>marketable</ex> in that country</as>.</def>

<h1>Marketableness</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ket*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being marketable.</def>

<h1>Marketer</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ket*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who attends a market to buy or sell; one who carries goods to market.</def>

<h1>Marketing</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ket*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of selling or of purchasing in, or as in, a market.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Articles in, or from, a market; supplies.</def>

<h1>Marketstead</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ket*stead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Market</ets> + <ets>stead</ets> a place.]</ety> <def>A market place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Markhoor</h1>
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<hw>Mark"hoor`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>m\'ber-kh<?/r</ets> snake eater.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large wild goat (<spn>Capra megaceros</spn>), having huge flattened spiral horns. It inhabits the mountains of Northern India and Cashmere.</def>

<h1>Marking</h1>
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<hw>Mark"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of one who, or that which, marks; the mark or marks made; arrangement or disposition of marks or coloring; <as>as, the <ex>marking</ex> of a bird's plumage</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Marking ink</col>, <cd>indelible ink, because used in marking linen.</cd> -- <col>Marking nut</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the nut of the <spn>Semecarpus Anacardium</spn>, an East Indian tree. The shell of the nut yields a blackish resinous juice used for marking cotton cloth, and an oil prepared from it is used for rheumatism.</cd></cs>

<h1>Markis</h1>
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<hw>Mar"kis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A marquis.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Markisesse</h1>
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<hw>Mar"kis*esse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A marchioness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Markman</h1>
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<hw>Mark"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A marksman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Marksman</h1>
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<hw>Marks"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Marksmen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Earlier <ets>markman</ets>; <ets>mark</ets> + <ets>man</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One skillful to hit a mark with a missile; one who shoots well.</def><-- esp. with a rifle.  A designation in the army. -->

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who makes his mark, instead of writing his name, in signing documents.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Marksmanship</h1>
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<hw>Marks"man*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Skill of a marksman.</def>

<h1>Marl</h1>
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<hw>Marl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Marline</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To cover, as part of a rope, with marline, marking a pecular hitch at each turn to prevent unwinding.</def>

<cs><col>Marling spike</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Marline</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Marl</h1>
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<hw>Marl</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>marle</ets>, F. <ets>marne</ets>, LL. <ets>margila</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>marga</ets> marl. Originally a Celtic word, according to Pliny, xvii. 7: "Quod genus terr\'91 Galli et Britanni <ets>margam</ets> vocant." &root;274.]</ety> <def>A mixed earthy substance, consisting of carbonate of lime, clay, and sand, in very varivble proportions, and accordingly designated as calcareous, clayey, or sandy. See <er>Greensand</er>.</def>

<h1>Marl</h1>
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<hw>Marl</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Marled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Marling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>marner</ets>. See <er>Marl</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To overspread or manure with marl; <as>as, to <ex>marl</ex> a field</as>.</def>

<h1>Marlaceous</h1>
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<hw>Mar*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling marl; partaking of the qualities of marl.</def>

<h1>Marlin</h1>
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<hw>Mar"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American great marbled godwit (<spn>Limosa fedoa</spn>). Applied also to the red-breasted godwit (<spn>Limosa h\'91matica</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>Hook-billed marlin</col>, <cd>a curlew.</cd></cs>

<-- 2. [from marlinspike, the shape of its bill] any of several marine billfishes of the genera Makaira and Tetrapturus, popular as game in sport fishing -->

<h1>Marline</h1>
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<hw>Mar"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LG. <ets>marlien</ets>, <ets>marling</ets>, or D. <ets>marling</ets>, <ets>marlijn</ets>, fr. D. <ets>marren</ets> to tie, prob. akin to E. <ets>moor</ets>, v., and <ets>lijn</ets> line: cf.F. <ets>merlin</ets>. See <er>Moor</er>, <tt>v.</tt>, <er>Line</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small line composed of two strands a little twisted, used for winding around ropes and cables, to prevent their being weakened by fretting.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Marline spike</col>, <col>Marling spike</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an iron tool tapering to a point, used to separate the strands of a rope in splicing and in marling. It has an eye in the thick end to which a lanyard is attached. See <er>Fid</er>.</cd> <altsp>[Written also <asp>marlin spike</asp>]</altsp> -- <col>Marline-spike bird</col>. <ety>[The name alludes to the long middle tail feathers.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A tropic bird.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A jager, or skua gull.</cd></cs>

<h1>Marline</h1>
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<hw>Mar"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>merliner</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To wind marline around; <as>as, to <ex>marline</ex> a rope</as>.</def>

<h1>Marlite</h1>
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<hw>Marl"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>marlite</ets>. See <er>Marl</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of marl.</def>

<h1>Marlitic</h1>
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<hw>Mar*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Partaking of the qualites of marlite.</def>

<h1>Marlpit</h1>
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<hw>Marl"pit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Apit where marl is dug.</def>

<h1>Marlstone</h1>
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<hw>Marl"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A sandy calcareous straum, containing, or impregnated with, iron, and lying between the upper and lower Lias of England.</def>

<h1>Marly</h1>
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<hw>Marl"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Marlier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Marliest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Consisting or partaking of marl; resembling marl; abounding with marl.</def>

<h1>Marmalade</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ma*lade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>marmelade</ets>, Pg. <ets>marmelada</ets>, fr. <ets>marm\'82lo</ets> a quince, fr. L. <ets>melimelum</ets> honey apple, Gr. <?/ a sweet apple, an apple grafted on a quince; <?/ honey + <?/ apple. Cf. <er>Mellifluous</er>, <er>Melon</er>.]</ety> <def>A preserve or confection made of the pulp of fruit, as the quince, pear, apple, orange, etc., boiled with sugar, and brought to a jamlike consistence.</def>

<cs><col>Marmalade tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a sapotaceous tree (<spn>Lucuma mammosa</spn>) of the West Indies and Tropical America. It has large obovate leaves and an egg-shaped fruit from three to five inches long, containing a pleasant-flavored pulp and a single large seed. The fruit is called <i>marmalade<i>, or <i>natural marmalade<i>, from its consistency and flavor.</cd></cs>
<-- produces -->

<h1>Marmalet</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ma*let`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Marmalade</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Marmatite</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ma*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>marmatite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A ferruginous variety of shalerite or zinc blende, nearly black in color.</def>

<h1>Marmolite</h1>
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<hw>Mar"mo*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to sparcle + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A thin, laminated variety of serpentine, usually of a pale green color.</def>

<h1>Marmoraceous</h1>
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<hw>Mar`mo*ra"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>marmor</ets> marble. See <er>Marble</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or like, marble.</def>

<h1>Marmorate, Marmorated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mar"mo*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mar"mo*ra`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>marmoratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>marmorate</ets> to overlay with marble, fr. <ets>marmor</ets> marble.]</ety> <def>Variegated like marble; covered or overlaid with marble.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Marmoration</h1>
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<hw>Mar`mo*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>marmoratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A covering or incrusting with marble; a casing of marble; a variegating so as to resemble marble.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Marmoratum opus</h1>
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<hw>Mar`mo*ra`tum o"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. See <er>Marmorate</er>, and <er>Opus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A kind of hard finish for plasterwork, made of plaster of Paris and marble dust, and capable of taking a high polish.</def>

<h1>Marmoreal, Marmorean</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mar*mo"re*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mar*mo"re*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>marmoreus</ets>, fr. <ets>marmor</ets> marble: cf. F. <ets>marmor\'82en</ets>. See <er>Marble</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, marble; made of marble.</def>

<h1>Marmorosis</h1>
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<hw>Mar`mo*ro"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The metamorphism of limestone, that is, its conversion into marble.</def>

<i>Geikie.</i>

<h1>Marmose</h1>
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<hw>Mar"mose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of small opossum (<spn>Didelphus murina</spn>) ranging from Mexico to Brazil.</def>

<h1>Marmoset</h1>
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<hw>Mar"mo*set`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>marmouset</ets> a grotesque figure, an ugly little boy, prob. fr. LL. <ets>marmoretum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>marmor</ets> marble. Perhaps confused with <ets>marmot</ets>. See <er>Marble</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of small South American monkeys of the genera <spn>Hapale</spn> and <spn>Midas</spn>, family <spn>Hapalid\'91</spn>. They have long soft fur, and a hairy, nonprehensile tail. They are often kept as pets. Called also <altname>squirrel monkey</altname>.</def>

<h1>Marmot</h1>
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<hw>Mar"mot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>marmotta</ets>, <ets>marmotto</ets>, prob. fr. L. <ets>mus montanus</ets>, or <ets>mus montis</ets>, lit., mountain mouse or rat. See <er>Mountain</er>, and <er>Mouse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any rodent of the genus <spn>Arctomys</spn>. The common European marmot (<spn>A. marmotta</spn>) is about the size of a rabbit, and inhabits the higher regions of the Alps and Pyrenees. The bobac is another European species. The common American species (<spn>A. monax</spn>) is the woodchuck.</def><-- related to the woodchuck, (groundhog) but usually used only for the western variety -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any one of several species of ground squirrels or gophers of the genus <spn>Spermophilus</spn>; also, the prairie dog.</def>

<cs><col>Marmot squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a ground squirrel or spermophile.</cd> -- <col>Prairie marmot</col>. <cd>See <er>Prairie dog</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Marmottes oil</h1>
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<hw>Mar"mottes oil`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A fine oil obtained from the kernel of <spn>Prunus brigantiaca</spn>. It is used instead of olive or almond oil.</def>

<i>De Colange.</i>

<h1>Marmozet</h1>
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<hw>Mar"mo*zet`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Marmoset</er>.</def>

<h1>Marone</h1>
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<hw>Ma*rone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Maroon</er>, the color.</def>

<h1>Maronite</h1>
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<hw>Mar"o*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Maronites</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a body of nominal Christians, who speak the Arabic language, and reside on Mount Lebanon and in different parts of Syria. They take their name from one <i>Maron</i> of the 6th century.</def>

<h1>Maroon</h1>
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<hw>Ma*roon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>marroon</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[F. <ets>marron</ets>, abbrev. fr. Sp. <ets>cimarron</ets> wild, unruly, from <ets>cima</ets> the summit of a mountain; hence, <ets>negro cimarron</ets> a runaway negro that lives in the mountains.]</ety> <def>In the West Indies and Guiana, a fugitive slave, or a free negro, living in the mountains.</def>

<h1>Maroon</h1>
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<hw>Ma*roon"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Marooned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Marooning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Maroon</er> a fugitive slave.]</ety> <def>To put (a person) ashore on a desolate island or coast and leave him to his fate.</def>

<cs><col>Marooning party</col>, <cd>a social excursion party that sojourns several days on the shore or in some retired place; a prolonged picnic. <mark>[Southern U. S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<hr>
<page="897">
Page 897<p>

<h1>Maroon</h1>
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<hw>Ma*roon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>marron</ets> chestnut-colored, fr. <ets>marron</ets> a large French chestnut, It. <ets>marrone</ets>; cf. LGr. <?/. Cf. <er>Marron</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the color called maroon. See 4th <er>Maroon</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Maroon lake</col>, <cd>lake prepared from madder, and distinguished for its transparency and the depth and durability of its color.</cd></cs>

<h1>Maroon</h1>
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<hw>Ma*roon"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A brownish or dull red of any description, esp. of a scarlet cast rather than approaching crimson or purple.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An explosive shell. See <er>Marron</er>, 3.</def>

<h1>Marplot</h1>
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<hw>Mar"plot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, by his officious <?/nterference, mars or frustrates a design or plot.</def>

<h1>Marque</h1>
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<hw>Marque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>marque</ets>, in <ets>lettre de marque</ets> letter of marque, a commission with which the commandant of every armed vessel was obliged to be provided, under penalty of being considered a pirate or corsair; <ets>marque</ets> here prob. meaning, border, boundary (the letter of marque being a permission to go beyond the border), and of German origin. See <er>March</er> border.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A license to pass the limits of a jurisdiction, or boundary of a country, for the purpose of making reprisals.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Letters of marque</col>, <col>Letters of marque and reprisal</col></mcol>, <cd>a license or extraordinary commission granted by a government to a private person to fit out a privateer or armed ship to cruise at sea and make prize of the enemy's ships and merchandise. The ship so commissioned is sometimes called a <i>letter of marque<i>.</cd></cs>
<-- privateer -->

<h1>Marquee</h1>
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<hw>Mar*quee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>marquise</ets>, misunderstood as a plural; prob. orig., tent of the marchioness. See <er>Marquis</er>.]</ety> <def>A large field tent; esp., one adapted to the use of an officer of high rank.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>markee</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Marquess</h1>
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<hw>Mar"quess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>marques</ets>. See <er>Marquis</er>.]</ety> <def>A marquis.</def>

<cs><col>Lady marquess</col>, <cd>a marchioness. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Marquetry</h1>
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<hw>Mar"quet*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>marqueterie</ets>, from <ets>marqueter</ets> to checker, inlay, fr. <ets>marque</ets> mark, sign; of German origin. See <er>Mark</er> a sign.]</ety> <def>Inlaid work; work inlaid with pieces of wood, shells, ivory, and the like, of several colors.</def>

<h1>Marquis</h1>
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<hw>Mar"quis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>marquis</ets>, OF. <ets>markis</ets>, <ets>marchis</ets>, LL. <ets>marchensis</ets>; of German origin; cf. G. <ets>mark</ets> bound, border, march, OHG. <ets>marcha</ets>. See <er>March</er> border, and cf. <er>Marchioness</er>, <er>Marquee</er>, <er>Marquess</er>.]</ety> <def>A nobleman in England, France, and Germany, of a rank next below that of duke. Originally, the marquis was an officer whose duty was to guard the marches or frontiers of the kingdom. The office has ceased, and the name is now a mere title conferred by patent.</def>

<h1>Marquisate</h1>
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<hw>Mar"quis*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>marquisat</ets>.]</ety> <def>The seigniory, dignity, or lordship of a marquis; the territory governed by a marquis.</def>

<h1>Marquisdom</h1>
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<hw>Mar"quis*dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A marquisate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Nobles of the <i>marquisdom</i> of Saluce."

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Marquise</h1>
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<hw>Mar`quise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Marquis</er>, and cf. <er>Marquee</er>.]</ety> <def>The wife of a marquis; a marchioness.</def>

<h1>Marquisship</h1>
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<hw>Mar"quis*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A marquisate.</def>

<h1>Marram</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A coarse grass found on sandy beaches (<spn>Ammophila arundinacea</spn>). See <cref>Beach grass</cref>, under <er>Beach</er>.</def>

<h1>Marrer</h1>
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<hw>Mar"rer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who mars or injures.</def>

<h1>Marriable</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ri*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mariable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Marriageable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Marriage</h1>
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<hw>Mar"riage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mariage</ets>, F. <ets>mariage</ets>. See <er>Marry</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of marrying, or the state of being married; legal union of a man and a woman for life, as husband and wife; wedlock; matrimony.</def>

<blockquote><b>Marriage</b> is honorable in all.
<i>Heb. xiii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The marriage vow or contract.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A feast made on the occasion of a marriage.</def>

<blockquote>The kingdom of heaven is like unto a certain king which made a <b>marriage</b> for his son.
<i>Matt. xxii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any intimate or close union.</def>

<cs><col>Marriage brokage</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The business of bringing about marriages</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The payment made or demanded for the procurement of a marriage.</cd> -- <col>Marriage favors</col>, <cd>knots of white ribbons, or bunches of white flowers, worn at weddings.</cd> -- <col>Marriage settlement</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a settlement of property in view, and in consideration, of marriage.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Matrimony; wedlock; wedding; nuptials.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Marriage</er>, <er>Matrimony</er>, <er>Wedlock</er>. <i>Marriage</i> is properly the <i>act</i> which unites the two parties, and <i>matrimony</i> the <i>state</i> into which they enter. <i>Marriage</i> is, however, often used for the state as well as the act. <i>Wedlock</i> is the old Anglo-Saxon term for <i>matrimony</i>.</usage>

<h1>Marriageability</h1>
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<hw>Mar`riage*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being marriageable.</def>

<h1>Marriageable</h1>
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<hw>Mar"riage*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fit for, or capable of, marriage; of an age at which marriage is allowable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mar"riage*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Marrried</h1>
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<hw>Marr"ried</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being in the state of matrimony; wedded; <as>as, a <ex>married</ex> man or woman</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to marriage; connubial; <as>as, the <ex>married</ex> state</as>.</def>

<h1>Marrier</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ri*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who marries.</def>

<h1>Marron</h1>
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<hw>Mar*ron"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Maroon</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A large chestnut.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A chestnut color; maroon.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Pyrotechny & Mil.)</fld> <def>A paper or pasteboard box or shell, wound about with strong twine, filled with an explosive, and ignited with a fuse, -- used to make a noise like a cannon.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>maroon</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Marroon</h1>
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<hw>Mar*roon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <def>Same as 1st <er>Maroon</er>.</def>

<h1>Marrot</h1>
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<hw>Mar"rot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The razor-billed auk. See <er>Auk</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The common guillemot.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The puffin.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>marrott</asp>, and <asp>morrot</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Marrow</h1>
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<hw>Mar"row</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>marou</ets>, <ets>mary</ets>, <ets>maruh</ets>, AS. <ets>mearg</ets>, <ets>mearh</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>marg</ets>, D. <ets>merg</ets>, G. <ets>Mark</ets>, OHG. <ets>marg</ets>, <ets>marag</ets>, Icel. <ets>mergr</ets>, Sw. <ets>merg</ets>, Dan. <ets>marv</ets>, Skr. <ets>majjan</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>majj</ets> to sink, L. <ets>mergere</ets>. &root;274 Cf. <er>Merge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The tissue which fills the cavities of most bones; the medulla. In the larger cavities it is commonly very fatty, but in the smaller cavities it is much less fatty, and red or reddish in color.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The essence; the best part.</def>

<blockquote>It takes from our achievements . . .
The pith and <b>marrow</b> of our attribute.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[OE. <ets>maru</ets>, <ets>maro</ets>; -- perh. a different word; cf. Gael. <ets>maraon</ets> together.]</ety> <def>One of a pair; a match; a companion; an intimate associate.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>Chopping and changing I can not commend,
With thief or his <b>marrow</b>, for fear of ill end.
<i>Tusser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Marrow squash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to several varieties of squash, esp. to the <altname>Boston marrow</altname>, an ovoid fruit, pointed at both ends, and with reddish yellow flesh, and to the <altname>vegetable marrow</altname>, a variety of an ovoid form, and having a soft texture and fine grain resembling marrow.</cd> -- <col>Spinal marrow</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Spinal cord</cref>, under <er>Spinal</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Marrow</h1>
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<hw>Mar"row</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Marrowed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Marrowing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To fill with, or as with, marrow of fat; to glut.</def>

<h1>Marrowbone</h1>
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<hw>Mar"row*bone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bone containing marrow; <pluf>pl.</pluf> ludicrously, knee bones or knees; <as>as, to get down on one's <ex>marrowbones</ex>, <it>i. e.</it>, to kneel</as>.</def>

<h1>Marrowfat</h1>
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<hw>Mar"row*fat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rich but late variety of pea.</def>

<h1>Marrowish</h1>
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<hw>Mar"row*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of, or like, marrow.</def>

<h1>Marrowless</h1>
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<hw>Mar"row*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of marrow.</def>

<h1>Marrowy</h1>
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<hw>Mar"row*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of marrow; pithy.</def>

<h1>Marrubium</h1>
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<hw>Mar*ru"bi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of bitter aromatic plants, sometimes used in medicine; hoarhound.</def>

<h1>Marry</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Married</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Marrying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>marien</ets>, F. <ets>marier</ets>, L. <ets>maritare</ets>, fr. <ets>maritus</ets> husband, fr. <ets>mas</ets>, <ets>maris</ets>, a male. See <er>Male</er>, and cf. <er>Maritral</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unite in wedlock or matrimony; to perform the ceremony of joining, as a man and a woman, for life; to constitute (a man and a woman) husband and wife according to the laws or customs of the place.</def>

<blockquote>Tell him that he shall <b>marry</b> the couple himself.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To join according to law, (a man) to a woman as his wife, or (a woman) to a man as her husband. See the Note to def. 4.</def>

<blockquote>A woman who had been <b>married</b> to her twenty-fifth husband, and being now a widow, was prohibited to marry.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To dispose of in wedlock; to give away as wife.</def>

<blockquote>M\'91cenas took the liberty to tell him [Augustus] that he must either <b>marry</b> his daughter [Julia] to Agrippa, or take away his life.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To take for husband or wife. See the Note below.</def>

<note>&hand; We say, a man is <i>married to</i> or <i>marries</i> a woman; or, a woman is <i>married to</i> or <i>marries</i> a man. Both of these uses are equally well authorized; but <i>given in marriage</i> is said only of the woman.</note>

<blockquote>They got him [the Duke of Monmouth] . . . to declare in writing, that the last king [Charles II.] told him he was never <b>married</b> to his mother.
<i>Bp. Lloyd.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Figuratively, to unite in the closest and most endearing relation.</def>

<blockquote>Turn, O backsliding children, saith the Lord; for I am <b>married</b> unto you.
<i>Jer. iii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To marry ropes</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To place two ropes along side of each other so that they may be grasped and hauled on at the same time</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To join two ropes end to end so that both will pass through a block.</cd></cs>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Marry</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ry</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To enter into the conjugal or connubial state; to take a husband or a wife.</def>

<blockquote>I will, therefore, that the younger women <b>marry</b>.
<i>1 Tim. v. 14.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Marrrying man</col>, <cd>a man disposed to marry. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Marry</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ry</hw>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>Indeed ! in truth ! -- a term of asseveration said to have been derived from the practice of swearing by the Virgin Mary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mars</h1>
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<hw>Mars</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Mars</ets>, gen. <ets>Martis</ets>, archaic <ets>Mavors</ets>, gen. <ets>Mavortis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>The god of war and husbandry.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of the planets of the solar system, the fourth in order from the sun, or the next beyond the earth, having a diameter of about 4,200 miles, a period of 687 days, and a mean distance of 141,000,000 miles. It is conspicuous for the redness of its light.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Alchemy)</fld> <def>The metallic element iron, the symbol of which &male; was the same as that of the planet Mars.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Mars brown</col>, <cd>a bright, somewhat yellowish, brown.</cd></cs>

<h1>Marsala</h1>
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<hw>Mar*sa"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. <ets>Marsala</ets>, in Sicyly.]</ety> <def>A kind of wine exported from Marsala in Sicily.</def>

<h1>Marsdenia</h1>
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<hw>Mars*de"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. From W. <ets>Marsden</ets>, an English author.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants of the Milkweed family, mostly woody climbers with fragrant flowers, several species of which furnish valuable fiber, and one species (<spn>Marsdenia tinctoria</spn>) affords indigo.</def>

<h1>Marseillais, a. m. Marseillaise</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mar`sei`llais"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. m.</tt> <hw>Mar`sei`llaise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. f.</tt><hw><ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Marseilles, in France, or to its inhabitants.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Marseillaise hymn</col>, &or; <col>The Marseillaise</col></mcol>, <cd>the national anthem of France, popularly so called. It was composed in 1792, by Rouget de l'Isle, an officer then stationed at Strasburg. In Paris it was sung for the first time by the band of men who came from Marseilles to aid in the revolution of August 10, 1792; whence the name.</cd></cs>

<h1>Marseillais, n. m. Marseillaise</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mar`sei`llais"</hw>, <tt>n. m.</tt> <hw>Mar`sei`llaise"</hw>, <tt>n. f.</tt><hw><ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A native or inhabitant of Marseilles.</def>

<h1>Marseilles</h1>
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<hw>Mar*seilles"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A general term for certain kinds of fabrics, which are formed of two series of threads interlacing each other, thus forming double cloth, quilted in the loom; -- so named because first made in <i>Marseilles</i>, France.</def>

<h1>Marsh</h1>
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<hw>Marsh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mersch</ets>, AS. <ets>mersc</ets>, fr. <ets>mere</ets> lake. See <er>Mere</er> pool, and cf. <er>Marish</er>, <er>Morass</er>.]</ety> <def>A tract of soft wet land, commonly covered partially or wholly with water; a fen; a swamp; a morass.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>marish</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Marsh asphodel</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Nartheeium ossifragum</spn>) with linear equitant leaves, and a raceme of small white flowers; -- called also <altname>bog asphodel</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Marsh cinquefoil</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Potentilla palustris</spn>) having purple flowers, and found growing in marshy places; marsh five-finger.</cd> -- <col>Marsh elder</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The guelder-rose or cranberry tree (<spn>Viburnum Opulus</spn>)</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In the United States, a composite shrub growing in salt marshes (<spn>Iva frutescens</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Marsh five-finger</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Marsh cinquefoil</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Marsh gas</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Gas</er>.</cd> -- <col>Marsh grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus (<spn>Spartina</spn>) of coarse grasses growing in marshes; -- called also <altname>cord grass</altname>. The tall <spn>S. cynosuroides</spn> is not good for hay unless cut very young. The low <spn>S. juncea</spn> is a common component of salt hay.</cd> -- <col>Marsh harrier</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European hawk or harrier (<spn>Circus \'91ruginosus</spn>); -- called also <altname>marsh hawk</altname>, <altname>moor hawk</altname>, <altname>moor buzzard</altname>, <altname>puttock</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Marsh hawk</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A hawk or harrier (<spn>Circus cyaneus</spn>), native of both America and Europe. The adults are bluish slate above, with a white rump. Called also <altname>hen harrier</altname>, and <altname>mouse hawk</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The marsh harrier.</cd> -- <col>Marsh hen</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a rail; esp., <spn>Rallus elegans</spn> of fresh-water marshes, and <spn>R. longirostris</spn> of salt-water marshes.</cd> -- <col>Marsh mallow</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Alth\'91a</spn> ( <spn>A. officinalis</spn>) common in marshes near the seashore, and whose root is much used in medicine as a demulcent.</cd> -- <col>Marsh marigold</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Marsh pennywort</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any plant of the umbelliferous genus <spn>Hydrocotyle</spn>; low herbs with roundish leaves, growing in wet places; -- called also <altname>water pennywort</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Marsh quail</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the meadow lark.</cd> -- <col>Marsh rosemary</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Statice</spn> (<spn>S. Limonium</spn>), common in salt marshes. Its root is powerfully astringent, and is sometimes used in medicine. Called also <altname>sea lavender</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Marsh samphire</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Salicornia herbacea</spn>) found along seacoasts. See <er>Glasswort</er>.</cd> -- <col>Marsh St. John's-wort</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American herb (<spn>Elodes Virginica</spn>) with small opposite leaves and flesh-colored flowers.</cd> -- <col>Marsh tea</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>. <cd>Same as <er>Labrador tea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Marsh trefoil</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Buckbean</er>.</cd> -- <col>Marsh wren</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of small American wrens of the genus <spn>Cistothorus</spn>, and allied genera. They chiefly inhabit salt marshes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Marshal</h1>
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<hw>Mar"shal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mareschal</ets>, OF. <ets>mareschal</ets>, F. <ets>mar\'82chal</ets>, LL. <ets>mariscalcus</ets>, from OHG. <ets>marah-scalc</ets> (G. <ets>marschall</ets>); <ets>marah</ets> horse + <ets>scalc</ets> servant (akin to AS. <ets>scealc</ets>, Goth. <ets>skalks</ets>). F. <ets>mar\'82chal</ets> signifies, a marshal, and a farrier. See <er>Mare</er> horse, and cf. <er>Seneschal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, an officer who had the care of horses; a groom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An officer of high rank, charged with the arrangement of ceremonies, the conduct of operations, or the like</def>; as, specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who goes before a prince to declare his coming and provide entertainment; a harbinger; a pursuivant</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who regulates rank and order at a feast or any other assembly, directs the order of procession, and the like</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The chief officer of arms, whose duty it was, in ancient times, to regulate combats in the lists</def>. <i>Johnson</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(France)</fld> <def>The highest military officer</def>. In other countries of Europe a marshal is a military officer of high rank, and called <altname>field marshal</altname>. <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Am. Law)</fld> <def>A ministerial officer, appointed for each judicial district of the United States, to execute the process of the courts of the United States, and perform various duties, similar to those of a sheriff. The name is also sometimes applied to certain police officers of a city.</def>

<cs><col>Earl marshal of England</col>, <cd>the eighth officer of state; an honorary title, and personal, until made hereditary in the family of the Duke of Norfolk. During a vacancy in the office of high constable, the earl marshal has jurisdiction in the court of chivalry. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Earl marshal of Scotland</col>, <cd>an officer who had command of the cavalry under the constable. This office was held by the family of Keith, but forfeited by rebellion in 1715.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Knight marshal</col>, &or; <col>Marshal of the King's house</col></mcol>, <cd>formerly, in England, the marshal of the king's house, who was authorized to hear and determine all pleas of the Crown, to punish faults committed within the verge, etc. His court was called the Court of Marshalsea.</cd> -- <col>Marshal of the Queen's Bench</col>, <cd>formerly the title of the officer who had the custody of the Queen's bench prison in Southwark. <i>Mozley & W.</i></cd></cs>

<h1>Marshal</h1>
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<hw>Mar"shal</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Marshaled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Marshalled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Marshaling</er> or <er>Marshalling</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To dispose in order; to arrange in a suitable manner; <as>as, to <ex>marshal</ex> troops or an army</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>marshaling</b> the heroes of his name
As, in their order, next to light they came.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To direct, guide, or lead.</def>

<blockquote>Thou <b>marshalest</b> me the way that I was going.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>To dispose in due order, as the different quarterings on an escutcheon, or the different crests when several belong to an achievement.</def>

<h1>Marshaler</h1>
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<hw>Mar"shal*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>marshaller</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who marshals.</def>

<h1>Marshaling</h1>
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<hw>Mar"shal*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>marshalling</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of arranging in due order.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The arrangement of an escutcheon to exhibit the alliances of the owner.</def>

<cs><col>Marshaling of assets</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the arranging or ranking of assets in due order of administration.</cd></cs>

<h1>Marshalsea</h1>
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<hw>Mar"shal*sea</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Marshal</ets> + OE. <ets>se</ets> a seat. See <er>See</er> a seat.]</ety> <def>The court or seat of a marshal; hence, the prison in Southwark, belonging to the marshal of the king's household.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>Court of Marshalsea</col>, <cd>a court formerly held before the steward and marshal of the king's house to administer justice between the king's domestic servants.</cd></cs>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Marshalship</h1>
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<hw>Mar"shal*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a marshal.</def>

<h1>Marshbanker, Marsebanker</h1>
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<hw><hw>Marsh"bank`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Marse"bank`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The menhaden.</def>

<hr>
<page="898">
Page 898<p>

<h1>Marshiness</h1>
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<hw>Marsh"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of being marshy.</def>

<h1>Marsh marigold</h1>
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<hw>Marsh mar"i*gold</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> A perennial plant of the genus <spn>Caltha</spn> (<spn>C. palustris</spn>), growing in wet places and bearing bright yellow flowers. In the United States it is used as a pot herb under the name of <altname>cowslip</altname>. See <er>Cowslip</er>.</def>

<h1>Marshy</h1>
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<hw>Marsh"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[E. <er>Marsh</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Resembling a marsh; wet; boggy; fenny.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or produced in, marshes; <as>as, a <ex>marshy</ex> weed</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Marsipobranch</h1>
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<hw>Mar"si*po*branch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Marsipobranchia.</def>

<h1>Marsipobranchia</h1>
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<hw>Mar"si*po*bran"chi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a pouch + <?/ a gill.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of Vertebrata, lower than fishes, characterized by their purselike gill cavities, cartilaginous skeletons, absence of limbs, and a suckerlike mouth destitute of jaws. It includes the lampreys and hagfishes. See <er>Cyclostoma</er>, and <er>Lamprey</er>. Called also <altname>Marsipobranchiata</altname>, and <altname>Marsipobranchii</altname>.</def>

<h1>Marsupial</h1>
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<hw>Mar*su"pi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>marsupial</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a pouch for carrying the immature young; of or pertaining to the Marsupialia.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a marsupium; <as>as, the <ex>marsupial</ex> bones</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Marsupial frog</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Nototrema</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Marsupial</h1>
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<hw>Mar*su"pi*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Marsupialia.</def>

<h1>Marsupialia</h1>
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<hw>Mar*su`pi*a"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>marsupium</ets> a pouch, bag, purse, Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/, <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A subclass of Mammalia, including nearly all the mammals of Australia and the adjacent islands, together with the opossums of America. They differ from ordinary mammals in having the corpus callosum very small, in being implacental, and in having their young born while very immature. The female generally carries the young for some time after birth in an external pouch, or marsupium. Called also <altname>Marsupiata</altname>.</def>

<h1>Marsupialian, Marsupian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mar*su`pi*a"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mar*su"pi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Marsupialia.</def>

<h1>Marsupiate</h1>
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<hw>Mar*su"pi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Related to or resembling the marsupials; furnished with a pouch for the young, as the marsupials, and also some fishes and Crustacea.</def>

<h1>Marsupion</h1>
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<hw>Mar*su"pi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Marsupium</er>.</def>

<h1>Marsupite</h1>
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<hw>Mar"su*pite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Marsupial</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil crinoid of the genus <spn>Marsupites</spn>, resembling a purse in form.</def>

<h1>Marsupium</h1>
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<hw>Mar*su"pi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Marsupia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a pouch]</ety>, <fld>(Anat. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The pouch, formed by a fold of the skin of the abdomen, in which marsupials carry their young; also, a pouch for similar use in other animals, as certain Crustacea.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The pecten in the eye of birds and reptiles. See <er>Pecten</er>.</def>

<h1>Mart</h1>
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<hw>Mart</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>market</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A market.</def>

<blockquote>Where has commerce such a <b>mart</b> . . . as London ?
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bargain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mart</h1>
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<hw>Mart</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To buy or sell in, or as in, a mart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To sell and <b>mart</b> your officer for gold
To undeservers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mart</h1>
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<hw>Mart</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To traffic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mart</h1>
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<hw>Mart</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mars</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The god Mars.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Battle; contest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Martagon</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ta*gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. & Sp. <ets>martagon</ets>, It. <ets>martagone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A lily (<spn>Lilium Martagon</spn>) with purplish red flowers, found in Europe and Asia.</def>

<h1>Martel</h1>
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<hw>Mar"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>marteler</ets>, fr. <ets>martel</ets>, <ets>marteau</ets>, hammer, a dim. fr. L. <ets>martulus</ets>, <ets>marculus</ets>, dim. of <ets>marcus</ets> hammer. Cf. <er>March</er> to step.]</ety> <def>To make a blow with, or as with, a hammer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Martel de fer</h1>
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<hw>Mar`tel` de fer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[OF., hammer of iron.]</ety> <def>A weapon resembling a hammer, often having one side of the head pointed; -- used by horsemen in the Middle Ages to break armor.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Marteline</h1>
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<hw>Mar"te*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A small hammer used by marble workers and sculptors.</def>

<h1>Martello tower</h1>
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<hw>Mar*tel"lo tow`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[It. <ets>martello</ets> hammer. The name was orig. given to towers erected on the coasts of Sicily and Sardinia for protection against the pirates in the time of Charles the Fifth, which prob. orig. contained an alarm bell to be struck with a hammer. See <er>Martel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A building of masonry, generally circular, usually erected on the seacoast, with a gun on the summit mounted on a traversing platform, so as to be fired in any direction.</def>

<note>&hand; The English borrowed the name of the tower from Corsica in 1794.</note>

<h1>Marten</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird. See <er>Martin</er>.</def>

<h1>Marten</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ten</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From older <ets>martern</ets>, <ets>marter</ets>, <ets>martre</ets>, F. <ets>martre</ets>, <ets>marte</ets>, LL. <ets>martures</ets> (pl.), fr. L. <ets>martes</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>mear<?/</ets>, <ets>meard</ets>, G. <ets>marder</ets>, OHG. <ets>mardar</ets>, Icel. <ets>m\'94r<?/r</ets>. Cf. <er>Foumart</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several fur-bearing carnivores of the genus <spn>Mustela</spn>, closely allied to the sable. Among the more important species are the European beech, or stone, marten (<spn>Mustela foina</spn>); the pine marten (<spn>M. martes</spn>); and the American marten, or sable (<spn>M. Americana</spn>), which some zo\'94logists consider only a variety of the Russian sable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fur of the marten, used for hats, muffs, etc.</def>

<h1>Martern</h1>
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<hw>Mar"tern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Marten</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mar-text</h1>
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<hw>Mar"-text`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A blundering preacher.</def>

<h1>Martial</h1>
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<hw>Mar"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>martialis</ets> of or belonging to <ets>Mars</ets>, the god of war. Cf. <er>March</er> the month.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of, pertaining to, or suited for, war; military; <as>as, <ex>martial</ex> music; a <ex>martial</ex> appearance.</as></def> "<i>Martial</i> equipage."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Practiced in, or inclined to, war; warlike; brave.</def>

<blockquote>But peaceful kings, o'er <b>martial</b> people set,
Each other's poise and counterbalance are.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Belonging to war, or to an army and navy; -- opposed to <i>civil</i>; <as>as, <ex>martial</ex> law; a court<ex>-martial</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the god, or the planet, Mars.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Old Chem. & Old Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, iron; chalybeate; <as>as, <ex>martial</ex> preparations</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<cs><col>Martial flowers</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a reddish crystalline salt of iron; the ammonio-chloride of iron.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Martial law</col></mcol>, <cd>the law administered by the military power of a government when it has superseded the civil authority in time of war, or when the civil authorities are unable to enforce the laws. It is distinguished from <i>military law<i>, the latter being the code of rules for the regulation of the army and navy alone, either in peace or in war.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Martial</er>, <er>Warlike</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Martial</i> refers more to war in <i>action</i>, its array, its attendants, etc.; as, <i>martial</i> music, a <i>martial</i> appearance, a <i>martial</i> array, courts<i>-martial</i>, etc. <i>Warlike</i> describes the feeling or temper which leads to war, and the adjuncts of war; as, a <i>warlike</i> nation, <i>warlike</i> indication, etc. The two words are often used without discrimination.</usage>

<h1>Martialism</h1>
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<hw>Mar"tial*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being warlike; exercises suitable for war.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Martialist</h1>
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<hw>Mar"tial*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A warrior.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Martialize</h1>
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<hw>Mar"tial*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Martialized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Martializing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To render warlike; <as>as, to <ex>martialize</ex> a people</as>.</def>

<h1>Martially</h1>
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<hw>Mar"tial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a martial manner.</def>

<h1>Martialness</h1>
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<hw>Mar"tial*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being martial.</def>


<-- Martian. 1. of or referring to Mars. 2. an inhabitant of Mars ;- fictional or hypothetical. -->

<h1>Martin</h1>
<Xpage=898>

<hw>Mar"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Stone Working)</fld> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A perforated stone-faced runner for grinding.</def>

<h1>Martin</h1>
<Xpage=898>

<hw>Mar"tin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>martin</ets>, from the proper name <ets>Martin</ets>. Cf. <er>Martlet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of swallows, usually having the tail less deeply forked than the tail of the common swallows.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>marten</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; The American purple martin, or bee martin (<spn>Progne subis, &or; purpurea</spn>), and the European house, or window, martin (<spn>Hirundo, &or; Chelidon, urbica</spn>), are the best known species.</note>

<cs><col>Bank martin</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The bank swallow</cd>. See under <er>Bank</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The fairy martin. See under <er>Fairy</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bee martin</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The purple martin</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The kingbird.</cd> -- <col>Sand martin</col>, <cd>the bank swallow.</cd></cs>

<h1>Martinet</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ti*net`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from an officer of that name in the French army under Louis XIV. Cf. <er>Martin</er> the bird, <er>Martlet</er>.]</ety> <def>In military language, a strict disciplinarian; in general, one who lays stress on a rigid adherence to the details of discipline, or to forms and fixed methods.</def> <mark>[Hence, the word is commonly employed in a depreciatory sense.]</mark>

<h1>Martinet</h1>
<Xpage=898>

<hw>Mar"ti*net`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The martin.</def>

<h1>Martineta</h1>
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<hw>Mar`ti*ne"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>martinete</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of tinamou (<spn>Calopezus elegans</spn>), having a long slender crest.</def>

<h1>Martinetism</h1>
<Xpage=898>

<hw>Mar"ti*net`ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles or practices of a martinet; rigid adherence to discipline, etc.</def>

<h1>Martingale, Martingal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mar"tin*gale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mar"tin*gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>martingale</ets>; cf. It. <ets>martingala</ets> a sort of hose, martingale, Sp. <ets>martingala</ets> a greave, cuish, martingale, Sp. <ets>alm\'a0rtaga</ets> a kind of bridle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A strap fastened to a horse's girth, passing between his fore legs, and fastened to the bit, or now more commonly ending in two rings, through which the reins pass. It is intended to hold down the head of the horse, and prevent him from rearing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A lower stay of rope or chain for the jib boom or flying jib boom, fastened to, or reeved through, the dolphin striker. Also, the dolphin striker itself.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gambling)</fld> <def>The act of doubling, at each stake, that which has been lost on the preceding stake; also, the sum so risked; -- metaphorically derived from the bifurcation of the <i>martingale</i> of a harness.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Martinmas</h1>
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<hw>Mar"tin*mas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[St. <ets>Martin + mass</ets> religious service.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The feast of St. Martin, the eleventh of November; -- often called <altname>martlemans</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Martinmas summer</col>, <cd>a period of calm, warm weather often experienced about the time of Martinmas; Indian summer.</cd></cs>

<i>Percy Smith.</i>

<h1>Martite</h1>
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<hw>Mar"tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Mars</ets>, <ets>Martis</ets>, the god Mars, the alchemical name of iron.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Iron sesquioxide in isometric form, probably a pseudomorph after magnetite.</def>

<h1>Martlemas</h1>
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<hw>Mar"tle*mas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Martinmas</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Martlet</h1>
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<hw>Mart"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>martinet</ets>. See <er>Martin</er> the bird, and cf. <er>Martinet</er> a disciplinarian.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European house martin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>merlette</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bird without beak or feet; -- generally assumed to represent a <i>martin</i>. As a mark of cadency it denotes the fourth son.</def>

<h1>Martyr</h1>
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<hw>Mar"tyr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS., from L. <ets>martyr</ets>, Gr. <grk>ma`rtyr</grk>, <grk>ma`rtys</grk>, prop., a witness; cf. Skr. <ets>sm&rsdot;</ets> to remember, E. <ets>memory</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, by his death, bears witness to the truth of the gospel; one who is put to death for his religion; <as>as, Stephen was the first Christian <ex>martyr</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>To be a <b>martyr</b>, signifies only to witness the truth of Christ; but the witnessing of the truth was then so generally attended with persecution, that martyrdom now signifies not only to witness, but to witness by death
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, one who sacrifices his life, his station, or what is of great value to him, for the sake of principle, or to sustain a cause.</def>

<blockquote>Then if thou fall'st, O Cromwell,
Thou fall'st a blessed <b>martyr</b> !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Martyr</h1>
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<hw>Mar"tyr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Martyred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Martyring</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put to death for adhering to some belief, esp. Christianity; to sacrifice on account of faith or profession.</def>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To persecute; to torment; to torture.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>The lovely Amoret, whose gentle heart
Thou <b>martyrest</b> with sorrow and with smart.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Racked with sciatics, <b>martyred</b> with the stone.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Martyrdom</h1>
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<hw>Mar"tyr*dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Martyr</ets> + <ets>-dom</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of a martyr; the death of a martyr; the suffering of death on account of adherence to the Christian faith, or to any cause.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>I came from <b>martyrdom</b> unto this peace.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affliction; torment; torture.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Martyrization</h1>
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<hw>Mar`tyr*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of martyrizing, or state of being martyrized; torture.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Martyrize</h1>
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<hw>Mar"tyr*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>martyriser</ets>, LL. <ets>martyrizare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make a martyr of.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Martyrly</h1>
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<hw>Mar"tyr*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a martyr.</def>

<h1>Martyrologe</h1>
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<hw>Mar"tyr*o*loge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>martyrologium</ets>: cf. F. <ets>martyrologe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A martyrology.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Martyrologic, Martyrological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mar`tyr*o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mar`tyr*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to martyrology or martyrs; registering, or registered in, a catalogue of martyrs.</def>

<h1>Martyrologist</h1>
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<hw>Mar`tyr*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>martyrologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A writer of martyrology; an historian of martyrs.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Martyrology</h1>
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<hw>Mar`tyr*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-gies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Martyr</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A history or account of martyrs; a register of martyrs.</def>

<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i>

<h1>Martyrship</h1>
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<hw>Mar"tyr*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Martyrdom.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Marvel</h1>
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<hw>Mar"vel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mervaile</ets>, F. <ets>merveille</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mirabilia</ets> wonderful things, pl., fr. <ets>mirabilis</ets> wonderful, fr. <ets>mirari</ets> to wonder or marvel at. See <er>Admire</er>, <er>Smile</er>, and cf. <er>Miracle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which causes wonder; a prodigy; a miracle.</def>

<blockquote>I will do <b>marvels</b> such as have not been done.
<i>Ex. xxxiv. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nature's sweet <b>marvel</b> undefiled.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wonder.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Use lessens <i>marvel</i>."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<cs><col>Marvel of Peru</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Four-o'clock</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Marvel</h1>
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<hw>Mar"vel</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Marveled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Marvelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Marveling</er> or <er>Marvelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>merveilen</ets>, OF. <ets>merveillier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To be struck with surprise, astonishment, or wonder; to wonder.</def>

<blockquote><b>Marvel</b> not, my brethren, if the world hate you.
<i>1 john iii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Marvel</h1>
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<hw>Mar"vel</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To marvel at.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to marvel, or be surprised; -- used impersonally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>But much now me <b>marveleth</b>.
<i>Rich. the Redeless.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Marvelous</h1>
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<hw>Mar"vel*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>merveillous</ets>, OF. <ets>merveillos</ets>, F. <ets>Merveilleux</ets>. See <er>Marvel</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def</def>><altsp>[Written also <asp>marvellous</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Exciting wonder or surprise; astonishing; wonderful.</def>

<blockquote>This is the Lord's doing; it is <b>marvelous</b> in our eyes.
<i>Ps. cxiii. 23.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Partaking of the character of miracle, or superna<?/ural power; incredible.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>marvelous</b> fable includes whatever is supernatural, and especially the machines of the gods.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The marvelous</col>, <cd>that which exceeds natural power, or is preternatural; that which is wonderful; -- opposed to <i>the probable<i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Wonderful; astonishing; surprising; strange; improbable; incredible.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Marvelous</er>, <er>Wonderful</er>. We speak of a thing as <i>wonderful</i> when it awakens our surprise and admiration; as <i>marvelous</i> when it is so much out of the ordinary course of things as to seem nearly or quite incredible.</usage>

<h1>Marvelously</h1>
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<hw>Mar"vel*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a marvelous manner; wonderfully; strangely.</def>

<h1>Marvelousness</h1>
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<hw>Mar"vel*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being marvelous; wonderfulness; strangeness.</def>

<h1>Marver</h1>
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<hw>Mar"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. corrupt. fr. OE. or F. <ets>marbre</ets> marble.]</ety> <fld>(Glass Marking)</fld> <def>A stone, or cast-iron plate, or former, on which hot glass is rolled to give it shape.</def>

<-- Marxism. n. A system of economic and political thought, originated by Karl Marx, and elaborated by others.  It holds that the state has been the a device for suppression of the masses, allowing exploitation by a dominant (capitalistic) class; that historical change occurs through class struggle; and that the capitalist system will inevitably wither away to be superseded by a classless society.

  Marxism-Leninism. Marxism, as interpreted by V.I. Lenin

  Marxist. n. 1. One who believes in the theories of Karl Marx.
  2. adj. of or pertaining to Marx or Marxism. -->

<h1>Mary</h1>
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<hw>Mar"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Marrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mary</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>See <er>Marry</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mary-bud</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ry-bud`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The marigold; a blossom of the marigold.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Maryolatry</h1>
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<hw>Ma`ry*ol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mariolatry.</def>

<h1>Marysole</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ry*sole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mary</ets>, the proper name + <ets>sole</ets> the fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large British fluke, or flounder (<spn>Rhombus megastoma</spn>); -- called also <altname>carter</altname>, and <altname>whiff</altname>.</def>

<-- Marzipan. the word more commonly used (1950-1990) for <er>marchpane.</er> -->

<h1>Mascagnin, Mascagnite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mas*ca"gnin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mas*ca"gnite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mascagnin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native sulphate of ammonia, found in volcanic districts; -- so named from <i>Mascagni</i>, who discovered it.</def>

<h1>Mascle</h1>
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<hw>Mas"cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>mascle</ets>, F. <ets>macle</ets>, L. <ets>macula</ets> spot, mesh of a net, LL. <ets>macula</ets>, <ets>macla</ets>, <ets>mascla</ets> a scale of a coat of mail. See <er>Mail</er> armor.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A lozenge voided.</def>

<h1>Mascled</h1>
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<hw>Mas"cled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Composed of, or covered with, lozenge-shaped scales; having lozenge-shaped divisions.</def>

<cs><col>Mascled armor</col>, <cd>armor composed of small lozenge-shaped scales of metal fastened on a foundation of leather or quilted cloth.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mascot, Mascotte</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mas"cot</hw>, <hw>Mas"cotte</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Through French fr. Pr. <ets>mascot</ets> a little sorcerer or magician, <ets>mascotto</ets> witchcraft, sorcery.]</ety> <def>A person who is supposed to bring good luck to the household to which he or she belongs; anything that brings good luck.</def>

<h1>Masculate</h1>
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<hw>Mas"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>masculus</ets> male, masculine.]</ety> <def>To make strong.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<hr>
<page="899">
Page 899<p>

<h1>Masculine</h1>
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<hw>Mas"cu*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>masculinus</ets>, fr. <ets>masculus</ets> male, manly, dim. of <ets>mas</ets> a male: cf. F. <ets>masculin</ets>. See <er>Male</er> masculine.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of the male sex; not female.</def>

<blockquote>Thy <b>masculine</b> children, that is to say, thy sons.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the qualities of a man; suitable to, or characteristic of, a man; virile; not feminine or effeminate; strong; robust.</def>

<blockquote>That lady, after her husband's death, held the reins with a <b>masculine</b> energy.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Belonging to males; appropriated to, or used by, males.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A <i>masculine</i> church."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Having the inflections of, or construed with, words pertaining especially to male beings, as distinguished from <contr>feminine</contr> and <contr>neuter</contr>. See <er>Gender</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mas"cu*line*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mas"cu*line*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Masculinity</h1>
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<hw>Mas`cu*lin"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being masculine; masculineness.</def>

<h1>Mase</h1>
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<hw>Mase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Maze</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Maselyn</h1>
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<hw>Mas"e*lyn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A drinking cup. See 1st <er>Maslin</er>, 2.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Maser</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Mazer</er>.</def>

<h1>Mash</h1>
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<hw>Mash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mesh.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mash</h1>
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<hw>Mash</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to G. <ets>meisch</ets>, <ets>maisch</ets>, <ets>meische</ets>, <ets>maische</ets>, mash, wash, and prob. to AS. <ets>miscian</ets> to mix. See <er>Mix</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A mass of mixed ingredients reduced to a soft pulpy state by beating or pressure; a mass of anything in a soft pulpy state. Specifically <fld>(Brewing)</fld>, ground or bruised malt, or meal of rye, wheat, corn, or other grain (or a mixture of malt and meal) steeped and stirred in hot water for making the wort.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mixture of meal or bran and water fed to animals.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A mess; trouble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<cs><col>Mash tun</col>, <cd>a large tub used in making mash and wort.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mash</h1>
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<hw>Mash</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mashed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to G. <ets>meischen</ets>, <ets>maischen</ets>, to mash, mix, and prob. to <ets>mischen</ets>, E. <ets>mix</ets>. See 2d <er>Mash</er>.]</ety> <def>To convert into a mash; to reduce to a soft pulpy state by beating or pressure; to bruise; to crush; <as>as, to <ex>mash</ex> apples in a mill, or potatoes with a pestle</as>. Specifically <fld>(Brewing)</fld>, to convert, as malt, or malt and meal, into the mash which makes wort.</def>

<cs><col>Mashing tub</col>, <cd>a tub for making the mash in breweries and distilleries; -- called also <altname>mash tun</altname>, and <altname>mash vat</altname>.</cd></cs>

<-- mashed potato.  n. the name of a dance, briefly popular in the 1960's.

    mashed potatoes n. pl. Potatoes which have been boiled and mashed to a pulpy consistency, usu. with sparing addition of milk, salt, butter, or other flavoring.  It is a popular accompaniment to a meat course [U.S., 1900's], providing bulk and calories to a meal. -->

<h1>Masher</h1>
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<hw>Mash"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, mashes; also <fld>(Brewing)</fld>, a machine for making mash.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A charmer of women.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>London Punch.</i>

<h1>Mashlin</h1>
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<hw>Mash"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Maslin</er>.</def>

<h1>Mashy</h1>
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<hw>Mash"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Produced by crushing or bruising; resembling, or consisting of, a mash.</def>

<h1>Mask</h1>
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<hw>Mask</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>masque</ets>, LL. <ets>masca</ets>, <ets>mascha</ets>, <ets>mascus</ets>; cf. Sp. & Pg. <ets>m\'a0scara</ets>, It. <ets>maschera</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>maskharat</ets> buffoon, fool, pleasantry, anything ridiculous or mirthful, fr. <ets>sakhira</ets> to ridicule, to laugh at. Cf. <er>Masque</er>, <er>Masquerade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cover, or partial cover, for the face, used for disguise or protection; <as>as, a dancer's <ex>mask</ex>; a fencer's <ex>mask</ex>; a ball player's <ex>mask</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which disguises; a pretext or subterfuge.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A festive entertainment of dancing or other diversions, where all wear masks; a masquerade; hence, a revel; a frolic; a delusive show.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>This thought might lead me through the world's vain <b>mask</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A dramatic performance, formerly in vogue, in which the actors wore masks and represented mythical or allegorical characters.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A grotesque head or face, used to adorn keystones and other prominent parts, to spout water in fountains, and the like; -- called also <altname>mascaron</altname>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In a permanent fortification, a redoubt which protects the caponiere.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A screen for a battery.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lower lip of the larva of a dragon fly, modified so as to form a prehensile organ.</def>

<cs><col>Mask house</col>, <cd>a house for masquerades. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Mask</h1>
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<hw>Mask</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Masked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Masking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover, as the face, by way of concealment or defense against injury; to conceal with a mask or visor.</def>

<blockquote>They must all be <b>masked</b> and vizarded.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To disguise; to cover; to hide.</def>

<blockquote><b>Masking</b> the business from the common eye.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To conceal; also, to intervene in the line of.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To cover or keep in check; <as>as, to <ex>mask</ex> a body of troops or a fortess by a superior force, while some hostile evolution is being carried out</as>.</def>

<h1>Mask</h1>
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<hw>Mask</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take part as a masker in a masquerade.</def>

<i>Cavendish.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wear a mask; to be disguised in any way.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Masked</h1>
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<hw>Masked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wearing a mask or masks; characterized by masks; cincealed; hidden.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Personate</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the anterior part of the head differing decidedly in color from the rest of the plumage; -- said of birds.</def>

<cs><col>Masked ball</col>, <cd>a ball in which the dancers wear masks.</cd> -- <col>Masked battery</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a battery so placed as not to be seen by an enemy until it opens fire. <i>H. L. Scott</i>.</cd> -- <col>Masked crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European crab (<spn>Corystes cassivelaunus</spn>) with markings on the carapace somewhat resembling a human face.</cd> -- <col>Masked pig</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a Japanese domestic hog (<spn>Sus pliciceps</spn>). Its face is deeply furrowed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Masker</h1>
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<hw>Mask"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who wears a mask; one who appears in disguise at a masquerade.</def>

<h1>Masker</h1>
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<hw>Mask"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To confuse; to stupefy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Maskery</h1>
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<hw>Mask"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The dress or disguise of a maske<?/; masquerade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Maskinonge</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ki*nonge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The muskellunge.</def>

<h1>Mask shell</h1>
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<hw>Mask" shell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any spiral marine shell of the genus <spn>Persona</spn>, having a curiously twisted aperture.</def>

<h1>Maslach</h1>
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<hw>Mas"lach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>maslaq</ets>: cf. F. <ets>masloc</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An excitant containing opium, much used by the Turks.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Maslin</h1>
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<hw>Mas"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>missellane</ets>, <ets>misceline</ets>, <ets>miscelin</ets>, <ets>meslin</ets>, fr. <ets>miscellane</ets>. See <er>Miscellane</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mixture composed of different materials</def>; especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mixture of metals resembling brass</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A mixture of different sorts of grain, as wheat and rye</def>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>meslin</asp>, <asp>mislin</asp>, <asp>maselyn</asp>, <asp>mastlin</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vessel made of maslin, 1 <sd>(a)</sd>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Mead eke in a <b>maselyn</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Maslin</h1>
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<hw>Mas"lin</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Composed of different sorts; <as>as, <ex>maslin</ex> bread, which is made of rye mixed with a little wheat</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>meslin</asp>, <asp>mislin</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Mason</h1>
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<hw>Ma"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ma<?/on</ets>, LL. <ets>macio</ets>, <ets>machio</ets>, <ets>mattio</ets>, <ets>mactio</ets>, <ets>marcio</ets>, <ets>macerio</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One whose occupation is to build with stone or brick; also, one who prepares stone for building purposes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A member of the fraternity of Freemasons. See <er>Freemason</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Mason bee</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of numerous species of solitary bees of the genus <spn>Osmia</spn>. They construct curious nests of hardened mud and sand.</cd> -- <col>Mason moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any moth whose larva constructs an earthen cocoon under the soil.</cd> -- <col>Mason shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a marine univalve shell of the genus <spn>Phorus</spn>; -- so called because it cements other shells and pebbles upon its own shell; a carrier shell.</cd> -- <col>Mason wasp</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any wasp that constructs its nest, or brood cells, of hardened mud. The female fills the cells with insects or spiders, paralyzed by a sting, and thus provides food for its larv\'91</cd></cs>

<h1>Mason</h1>
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<hw>Ma"son</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To build stonework or brickwork about, under, in, over, etc.; to construct by masons; -- with a prepositional suffix; <as>as, to <ex>mason</ex> up a well or terrace; to <ex>mason</ex> in a kettle or boiler.</as></def>

<h1>Masonic</h1>
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<hw>Ma*son"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Freemasons or to their craft or mysteries.</def>

<h1>Masonry</h1>
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<hw>Ma"son*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ma\'87onnerie</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or occupation of a mason.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The work or performance of a mason; <as>as, good or bad <ex>masonry</ex>; skillful <ex>masonry</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is built by a mason; anything constructed of the materials used by masons, such as stone, brick, tiles, or the like. <stype>Dry masonry</stype> is applied to structures made without mortar.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The craft, institution, or mysteries of Freemasons; freemasonry.</def>

<h1>Masoola boat</h1>
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<hw>Ma*soo"la boat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A kind of boat used on the coast of Madras, India. The planks are sewed together with strands of coir which cross over a wadding of the same material, so that the shock on taking the beach through surf is much reduced.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>masula</asp>, <asp>masulah</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Masora</h1>
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<hw>Ma*so"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NHeb. <ets>m\'bes<?/r\'beh</ets> tradition.]</ety> <def>A Jewish critical work on the text of the Hebrew Scriptures, composed by several learned rabbis of the school of Tiberias, in the eighth and ninth centuries.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Masorah</asp>, <asp>Massora</asp>, and <asp>Massorah</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Masoret</h1>
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<hw>Mas"o*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Masorite.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Masorete</asp>, and <asp>Massorete</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Masoretic, Masoretical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mas`o*ret"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mas`o*ret"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>massor\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to the Masora, or to its authors.</def>

<cs><col>Masoretic points and accents</col>, <cd>the vowel points and accents of the Hebrew text of the Bible, of which the first mention is in the Masora.</cd></cs>

<h1>Masorite</h1>
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<hw>Mas"o*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the writers of the Masora.</def>

<h1>Masque</h1>
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<hw>Masque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mask; a masquerade.</def>

<h1>Masquerade</h1>
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<hw>Mas`quer*ade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mascarade</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>mascarada</ets>, or It. <ets>mascherata</ets>. See <er>Mask</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An assembly of persons wearing masks, and amusing themselves with dancing, conversation, or other diversions.</def>

<blockquote>In courtly balls and midnight <b>masquerades</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dramatic performance by actors in masks; a mask. See 1st <er>Mask</er>, 4.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Acting or living under false pretenses; concealment of something by a false or unreal show; pretentious show; disguise.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>masquerade</b> of misrepresentation which invariably accompanied the political eloquence of Rome.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A Spanish diversion on horseback.</def>

<h1>Masquerade</h1>
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<hw>Mas`quer*ade"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Masqueraded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Masquerading</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To assemble in masks; to take part in a masquerade.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To frolic or disport in disquise; to make a pretentious show of being what one is not.</def>

<blockquote>A freak took an ass in the head, and he goes into the woods, <b>masquerading</b> up and down in a lion's skin.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Masquerade</h1>
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<hw>Mas`quer*ade"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To conceal with masks; to disguise.</def> "To <i>masquerade</i> vice."

<i>Killingbeck.</i>

<h1>Masquerader</h1>
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<hw>Mas`quer*ad"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who masquerades; a person wearing a mask; one disguised.</def>

<h1>Mass</h1>
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<hw>Mass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>masse</ets>, <ets>messe</ets>, AS. <ets>m\'91sse</ets>. LL. <ets>missa</ets>, from L. <ets>mittere</ets>, <ets>missum</ets>, to send, dismiss: cf. F. <ets>messe</ets>. In the ancient churches, the public services at which the catechumens were permitted to be present were called <ets>missa catechumenorum</ets>, ending with the reading of the Gospel. Then they were <ets>dismissed</ets> with these words : "Ite, missa est" [<it>sc</it>. ecclesia], the congregation is dismissed. After that the sacrifice proper began. At its close the same words were said to those who remained. So the word gave the name of <i>Mass</i> to the sacrifice in the Catholic Church. See <er>Missile</er>, and cf. <er>Christmas</er>, <er>Lammas</er>, <er>Mess</er> a dish, <er>Missal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The sacrifice in the sacrament of the Eucharist, or the consecration and oblation of the host.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The portions of the Mass usually set to music, considered as a musical composition; -- namely, the <i>Kyrie</i>, the <i>Gloria</i>, the <i>Credo</i>, the <i>Sanctus</i>, and the <i>Agnus Dei</i>, besides sometimes an <i>Offertory</i> and the <i>Benedictus</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Canon of the Mass</col>. <cd>See <er>Canon</er>.</cd> -- <col>High Mass</col>, <cd>Mass with incense, music, the assistance of a deacon, subdeacon, etc.</cd> -- <col>Low Mass</col>, <cd>Mass which is said by the priest through-out, without music.</cd> -- <col>Mass bell</col>, <cd>the sanctus bell. See <er>Sanctus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mass book</col>, <cd>the missal or Roman Catholic service book.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mass</h1>
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<hw>Mass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Massed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Massing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To celebrate Mass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Mass</h1>
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<hw>Mass</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>masse</ets>, F. <ets>masse</ets>, L. <ets>massa</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/ a barley cake, fr. <?/ to knead. Cf. <er>Macerate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A quantity of matter cohering together so as to make one body, or an aggregation of particles or things which collectively make one body or quantity, usually of considerable size; <as>as, a <ex>mass</ex> of ore, metal, sand, or water</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If it were not for these principles, the bodies of the earth, planets, comets, sun, and all things in them, would grow cold and freeze, and become inactive <b>masses</b>.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A deep <b>mass</b> of continual sea is slower stirred
To rage.
<i>Savile.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phar.)</fld> <def>A medicinal substance made into a cohesive, homogeneous lump, of consistency suitable for making pills; <as>as, blue <ex>mass</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A large quantity; a sum.</def>

<blockquote>All the <b>mass</b> of gold that comes into Spain.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He had spent a huge <b>mass</b> of treasure.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Bulk; magnitude; body; size.</def>

<blockquote>This army of such <b>mass</b> and charge.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The principal part; the main body.</def>

<blockquote>Night closed upon the pursuit, and aided the <b>mass</b> of the fugitives in their escape.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd.).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The quantity of matter which a body contains, irrespective of its bulk or volume.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Mass</i> and <i>weight</i> are often used, in a general way, as interchangeable terms, since the <i>weight</i> of a body is proportional to its <i>mass</i> (under the same or equal gravitative forces), and the <i>mass</i> is usually ascertained from the <i>weight</i>. Yet the two ideas, <i>mass</i> and <i>weight</i>, are quite distinct. <i>Mass</i> is the quantity of matter in a body; <i>weight</i> is the comparative force with which it tends towards the center of the earth. A <i>mass</i> of sugar and a <i>mass</i> of lead are assumed to be equal when they show an equal <i>weight</i> by balancing each other in the scales.</note>

<cs><col>Blue mass</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blue</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mass center</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the center of gravity of a triangle.</cd> -- <col>Mass copper</col>, <cd>native copper in a large mass.</cd> -- <col>Mass meeting</col>, <cd>a large or general assembly of people, usually a meeting having some relation to politics.</cd> -- <col>The masses</col>, <cd>the great body of the people, as contrasted with the higher classes; the populace.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mass</h1>
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<hw>Mass</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form or collect into a mass; to form into a collective body; to bring together into masses; to assemble.</def>

<blockquote>But <b>mass</b> them together and they are terrible indeed.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Massacre</h1>
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<hw>Mas"sa*cre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>mazacrium</ets>; cf. Prov. G. <ets>metzgern</ets>, <ets>metzgen</ets>, to kill cattle, G. <ets>metzger</ets> a butcher, and LG. <ets>matsken</ets> to cut, hew, OHG. <ets>meizan</ets> to cut, Goth. <ets>m\'a0itan</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The killing of a considerable number of human beings under circumstances of atrocity or cruelty, or contrary to the usages of civilized people; <as>as, the <ex>massacre</ex> on St. Bartholomew's Day.</as></def><-- St. Valentine's Day massacre; Amritsar massacre; the Wounded Knee massacre. -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Murder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Massacre</er>, <er>Butchery</er>, <er>Carnage</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Massacre</i> denotes the promiscuous slaughter of <i>many</i> who can not make resistance, or much resistance. <i>Butchery</i> refers to cold-blooded cruelty in the killing of men as if they were brute beasts. <i>Carnage</i> points to slaughter as producing the heaped-up bodies of the slain.</usage>

<blockquote>I'll find a day to <b>massacre</b> them all,
And raze their faction and their family.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If thou delight to view thy heinous deeds,
Brhold this pattern of thy <b>butcheries</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Such a scent I draw
Of <b>carnage</b>, prey innumerable !
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Massacre</h1>
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<hw>Mas"sa*cre</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Massacred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Massacring</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>massacrer</ets>. See <er>Massacre</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To kill in considerable numbers where much resistance can not be made; to kill with indiscriminate violence, without necessity, and contrary to the usages of nations; to butcher; to slaughter; -- limited to the killing of human beings.</def>

<blockquote>If James should be pleased to <b>massacre</b> them all, as Maximian had <b>massacred</b> the Theban legion.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Massacrer</h1>
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<hw>Mas"sa*crer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who massacres.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Massage</h1>
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<hw>Mas"sage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A rubbing or kneading of the body, especially when performed as a hygienic or remedial measure.</def>

<h1>Massasauga</h1>
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<hw>Mas`sa*sau"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The black rattlesnake (<spn>Crotalus, &or; Caudisona, tergemina</spn>), found in the Mississippi Valley.</def>

<h1>Mass\'82, &or; Mass\'82 shot</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mass\'82</hw>, &or; <hw>Mass\'82 shot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Billiards)</fld> <def>A stroke made with the cue held vertically.</def>

<h1>Masser</h1>
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<hw>Mass"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A priest who celebrates Mass.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Masseter</h1>
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<hw>Mas"se*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a chewer, <?/ a muscle of the lower jaw used in chewing, from <?/ to chew: cf. F. <ets>mass\'82ter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The large muscle which raises the under jaw, and assists in mastication.</def>

<h1>Masseteric</h1>
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<hw>Mas`se*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the masseter.</def>

<h1>Masseterine</h1>
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<hw>Mas"se*ter`ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Masseteric.</def>

<h1>Masseur, n. m., Masseuse</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mas`seur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. m.</tt>, <hw>Mas`seuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. f.</tt>,} </mhw><ety>[F., or formed in imitation of French. See <er>Massage</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>One who performs massage.</def>

<h1>Massicot</h1>
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<hw>Mas"si*cot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>massicot</ets>; E. <ets>masticot</ets> is a corruption.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Lead protoxide, <chform>PbO</chform>, obtained as a yellow amorphous powder, the fused and crystalline form of which is called <altname>litharge</altname>; lead ocher. It is used as a pigment.</def><-- now pref. Lead monoxide; also, lead oxide yellow, as opposed to red lead, which is lead tetroxide Pb3O4 -->

<note>&hand; <i>Massicot</i> is sometimes used by painters, and also as a drier in the composition of ointments and plasters.</note>

<h1>Massiness</h1>
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<hw>Mass"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Massy</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being massy; ponderousness.</def>

<hr>
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Page 900<p>

<hr>
<page="900">
Page 900<p>

<h1>Massive</h1>
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<hw>Mass"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>massif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Forming, or consisting of, a large mass; compacted; weighty; heavy; massy.</def> "<i>Massive</i> armor."

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>In mass; not necessarily without a crystalline structure, but having no regular form; <as>as, a mineral occurs <ex>massive</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Massive rock</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a compact crystalline rock not distinctly schistone, as granite; also, with some authors, an eruptive rock.</cd></cs>

<h1>Massively</h1>
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<hw>Mass"ive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a heavy mass.</def>

<h1>Massiveness</h1>
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<hw>Mass"ive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being massive; massiness.</def>

<h1>Massoola boat</h1>
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<hw>Mas*soo"la boat`</hw>. <def>See <er>Masoola boat</er>.</def>

<h1>Massora</h1>
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<hw>Mas*so"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Masora</er>.</def>

<h1>Massoret</h1>
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<hw>Mas"so*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Masorite</er>.</def>

<h1>Massy</h1>
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<hw>Mass"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Massier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Massiest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Compacted into, or consisting of, a mass; having bulk and weight ot substance; ponderous; bulky and heavy; weight; heavy; <as>as, a <ex>massy</ex> shield; a <ex>massy</ex> rock.</as></def>

<blockquote>Your swords are now too <b>massy</b> for your strengths,
And will not be uplifted.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Yawning rocks in <b>massy</b> fragments fly.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mast</h1>
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<hw>Mast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m\'91st</ets>, fem. ; akin to G. <ets>mast</ets>, and E. <ets>meat</ets>. See <er>Meat</er>.]</ety> <def>The fruit of the oak and beech, or other forest trees; nuts; acorns.</def>

<blockquote>Oak <b>mast</b>, and beech, . . . they eat.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Swine under an oak filling themselves with the <b>mast</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mast</h1>
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<hw>Mast</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m\'91st</ets>, masc.; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. <ets>mast</ets>, Icel. <ets>mastr</ets>, and perh. to L. <ets>malus</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A pole, or long, strong, round piece of timber, or spar, set upright in a boat or vessel, to sustain the sails, yards, rigging, etc. A mast may also consist of several pieces of timber united by iron bands, or of a hollow pillar of iron or steel.</def>

<blockquote>The tallest pine
Hewn on Norwegian hills, to be the <b>mast</b>
Of some great ammiral.<--sic-->
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The most common general names of <i>masts</i> are <i>foremast</i>, <i>mainmast</i>, and <i>mizzenmast</i>, each of which may be made of separate spars.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The vertical post of a derrick or crane.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Afore the mast</col>, <col>Before the mast</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Afore</er>, and <er>Before</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mast coat</col>. <cd>See under <er>Coat</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mast hoop</col>, <cd>one of a number of hoops attached to the fore edge of a boom sail, which slip on the mast as the sail is raised or lowered; also, one of the iron hoops used in making a made mast. See <er>Made</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mast</h1>
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<hw>Mast</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Masted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Masting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To furnish with a mast or masts; to put the masts of in position; <as>as, to <ex>mast</ex> a ship</as>.</def>

<h1>Mastax</h1>
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<hw>Mas"tax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ mouth, jaws.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The pharynx of a rotifer. It usually contains four horny pieces. The two central ones form the incus, against which the mallei, or lateral ones, work so as to crush the food.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The lore of a bird.</def>

<h1>Masted</h1>
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<hw>Mast"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with a mast or masts; -- chiefly in composition; <as>as, a three-<ex>masted</ex> schooner</as>.</def>

<h1>Master</h1>
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<hw>Mast"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel having (so many) masts; -- used only in compounds; <as>as, a two-<ex>master</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Master</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>maistre</ets>, <ets>maister</ets>, OF. <ets>maistre</ets>, <ets>mestre</ets>, F. <ets>ma\'8ctre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>magister</ets>, orig. a double comparative from the root of <ets>magnus</ets> great, akin to Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Maestro</er>, <er>Magister</er>, <er>Magistrate</er>, <er>Magnitude</er>, <er>Major</er>, <er>Mister</er>, <er>Mistress</er>, <er>Mickle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A male person having another living being so far subject to his will, that he can, in the main, control his or its actions; -- formerly used with much more extensive application than now. <sd>(a)</sd> The employer of a servant. <sd>(b)</sd> The owner of a slave. <sd>(c)</sd> The person to whom an apprentice is articled. <sd>(d)</sd> A sovereign, prince, or feudal noble; a chief, or one exercising similar authority. <sd>(e)</sd> The head of a household. <sd>(f)</sd> The male head of a school or college. <sd>(g)</sd> A male teacher. <sd>(h)</sd> The director of a number of persons performing a ceremony or sharing a feast. <sd>(i)</sd> The owner of a docile brute, -- especially a dog or horse. <sd>(j)</sd> The controller of a familiar spirit or other supernatural being.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who uses, or controls at will, anything inanimate; <as>as, to be <ex>master</ex> of one's time</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote><b>Master</b> of a hundred thousand drachms.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We are <b>masters</b> of the sea.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who has attained great skill in the use or application of anything; <as>as, a <ex>master</ex> of oratorical art</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Great <b>masters</b> of ridicule.
<i>Maccaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No care is taken to improve young men in their own language, that they may thoroughly understand and be <b>masters</b> of it.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A title given by courtesy, now commonly pronounced <tt><it>m\'ccster</it></tt>, except when given to boys; -- sometimes written <asp>Mister</asp>, but usually abbreviated to <abbr>Mr.</abbr></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A young gentleman; a lad, or small boy.</def>

<blockquote>Where there are little <b>masters</b> and misses in a house, they are impediments to the diversions of the servants.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The commander of a merchant vessel; -- usually called <i>captain</i>. Also, a commissioned officer in the navy ranking next above ensign and below lieutenant; formerly, an officer on a man-of-war who had immediate charge, under the commander, of sailing the vessel.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A person holding an office of authority among the Freemasons, esp. the presiding officer; also, a person holding a similar office in other civic societies.</def>

<cs><col>Little masters</col>, <cd>certain German engravers of the 16th century, so called from the extreme smallness of their prints.</cd> -- <col>Master in chancery</col>, <cd>an officer of courts of equity, who acts as an assistant to the chancellor or judge, by inquiring into various matters referred to him, and reporting thereon to the court.</cd> -- <col>Master of arts</col>, <cd>one who takes the second degree at a university; also, the degree or title itself, indicated by the abbreviation M. A., or A. M.</cd> -- <col>Master of the horse</col>, <cd>the third great officer in the British court, having the management of the royal stables, etc. In ceremonial cavalcades he rides next to the sovereign.</cd> -- <col>Master of the rolls</col>, <cd>in England, an officer who has charge of the rolls and patents that pass the great seal, and of the records of the chancery, and acts as assistant judge of the court. <i>Bouvier</i>. <i>Wharton</i>.</cd> -- <col>Past master</col>, <cd>one who has held the office of <i>master<i> in a lodge of Freemasons or in a society similarly organized.</cd> -- <col>The old masters</col>, <cd>distinguished painters who preceded modern painters; especially, the celebrated painters of the 16th and 17th centuries.</cd> -- <col>To be master of one's self</col>, <cd>to have entire self-control; not to be governed by passion.</cd> -- <col>To be one's own master</col>, <cd>to be at liberty to act as one chooses without dictation from anybody.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; <i>Master</i>, signifying <i>chief</i>, <i>principal</i>, <i>masterly</i>, <i>superior</i>, <i>thoroughly skilled</i>, etc., is often used adjiectively or in compounds; as, <i>master</i> builder or <i>master</i>-builder, <i>master</i> chord or <i>master</i>-chord, <i>master</i> mason or <i>master</i>-mason, <i>master</i> workman or <i>master</i>-workman, <i>master</i> mechanic, <i>master</i> mind, <i>master</i> spirit, <i>master</i> passion, etc.</note>

<blockquote>Throughout the city by the <b>master</b> gate.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Master joint</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a quarryman's term for the more prominent and extended joints traversing a rock mass.</cd> -- <col>Master key</col>, <cd>a key adapted to open several locks differing somewhat from each other; figuratively, a rule or principle of general application in solving difficulties.</cd> -- <col>Master lode</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>the principal vein of ore.</cd> -- <col>Master mariner</col>, <cd>an experienced and skilled seaman who is certified to be competent to command a merchant vessel.</cd> -- <col>Master sinew</col> <fld>(Far.)</fld>, <cd>a large sinew that surrounds the hough of a horse, and divides it from the bone by a hollow place, where the windgalls are usually seated.</cd> -- <col>Master singer</col>. <cd>See <er>Mastersinger</er>.</cd> -- <col>Master stroke</col>, <cd>a capital performance; a masterly achievement; a consummate action; <as>as, a <ex>master stroke<ex> of policy</as>.</cd> -- <col>Master tap</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a tap for forming the thread in a screw cutting die.</cd> -- <col>Master touch</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The touch or skill of a master</cd>. <i>Pope</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Some part of a performance which exhibits very skillful work or treatment.</cd> "Some <i>master touches<i> of this admirable piece." <i>Tatler</i>. -- <col>Master work</col>, <cd>the most important work accomplished by a skilled person, as in architecture, literature, etc.; also, a work which shows the skill of a master; a masterpiece.</cd> -- <col>Master workman</col>, <cd>a man specially skilled in any art, handicraft, or trade, or who is an overseer, foreman, or employer.</cd></cs>

<h1>Master</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mastered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. vb. n.</tt> <er>Mastering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become the master of; to subject to one's will, control, or authority; to conquer; to overpower; to subdue.</def>

<blockquote>Obstinacy and willful neglects must be <b>mastered</b>, even though it cost blows.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To gain the command of, so as to understand or apply; to become an adept in; <as>as, to <ex>master</ex> a science</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To own; to posses.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The wealth
That the world <b>masters</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Master</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be skillful; to excel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Masterdom</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ter*dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Master</ets> + <ets>-dom</ets>.]</ety> <def>Dominion; rule; command.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Masterful</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ter*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclined to play the master; domineering; imperious; arbitrary.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the skill or power of a master; indicating or expressing power or mastery.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>masterful</b>, pale face.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Masterfully</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ter*ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a masterful manner; imperiously.</def>

<blockquote>A lawless and rebellious man who held lands <b>masterfully</b> and in high contempt of the royal authority.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Masterhood</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ter*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a master; hence, disposition to command or hector.</def>

<i>C. Bront\'82.</i>

<h1>Masterless</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ter*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of a master or owner; ungoverned or ungovernable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mas"ter*less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Masterliness</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ter*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being masterly; ability to control wisely or skillfully.</def>

<h1>Masterly</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ter*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Suitable to, or characteristic of, a master; indicating thorough knowledge or superior skill and power; showing a master's hand; <as>as, a <ex>masterly</ex> design; a <ex>masterly</ex> performance; a <ex>masterly</ex> policy.</as></def> "A wise and <i>masterly</i> inactivity."

<i>Sir J. Mackintosh.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Imperious; domineering; arbitrary.</def>

<h1>Masterly</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ter*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With the skill of a master.</def>

<blockquote>Thou dost speak <b>masterly</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Masterous</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Masterly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Masterpiece</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ter*piece`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything done or made with extraordinary skill; a capital performance; a chef-d'\'d2uvre; a supreme achievement.</def>

<blockquote>The top and <b>masterpiece</b> of art.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Dissimulation was his <b>masterpiece</b>.
<i>Claredon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mastership</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ter*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or office of a master.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mastery; dominion; superior skill; superiority.</def>

<blockquote>Where noble youths for <b>mastership</b> should strive.
<i>Driden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Chief work; masterpiece.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An ironical title of respect.</def>

<blockquote>How now, seignior Launce ! what news with your <b>mastership</b> ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mastersinger</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ter*sing`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A translation of G. <ets>meisters\'84nger</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of a class of poets which flourished in Nuremberg and some other cities of Germany in the 15th and 16th centuries. They bound themselves to observe certain arbitrary laws of rhythm.</def>

<h1>Masterwort</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ter*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tall and coarse European umbelliferous plant (<spn>Peucedanum Ostruthium</spn>, formerly <spn>Imperatoria</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The <spn>Astrantia major</spn>, a European umbelliferous plant with a showy colored involucre.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Improperly, the cow parsnip (<spn>Heracleum lanatum</spn>).</def>

<h1>Mastery</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Masteries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OF. <ets>maistrie</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The position or authority of a master; dominion; command; supremacy; superiority.</def>

<blockquote>If divided by mountains, they will fight for the <b>mastery</b> of the passages of the tops.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Superiority in war or competition; victory; triumph; pre\'89minence.</def>

<blockquote>The voice of them that shout for <b>mastery</b>.
<i>Ex. xxxii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Every man that striveth for the <b>mastery</b> is temperate in all things.
<i>1 Cor. ix. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O, but to have gulled him
Had been a <b>mastery</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Contest for superiority.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A masterly operation; a feat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I will do a <b>maistrie</b> ere I go.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Specifically, the philosopher's stone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The act process of mastering; the state of having mastered.</def>

<blockquote>He could attain to a <b>mastery</b> in all languages.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The learning and <b>mastery</b> of a tongue, being unpleasant in itself, should not be cumbered with other difficulties.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mastful</h1>
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<hw>Mast"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See lst <er>Mast</er>.]</ety> <def>Abounding in mast; producing mast in abundance; <as>as, the <ex>mastful</ex> forest; a <ex>mastful</ex> chestnut.</as></def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Masthead</h1>
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<hw>Mast"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The top or head of a mast; the part of a mast above the hounds.</def>

<h1>Masthead</h1>
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<hw>Mast"head"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To cause to go to the masthead as a punishment.</def>

<i>Marryat.</i>

<h1>Masthouse</h1>
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<hw>Mast"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A building in which vessels' masts are shaped, fitted, etc.</def>

<h1>Mastic</h1>
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<hw>Mas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>mastiche</ets>, <ets>mastichum</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to chew, because of its being used in the East for chewing.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mastich</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A low shrubby tree of the genus <spn>Pistacia</spn> (<spn>P. Lentiscus</spn>), growing upon the islands and coasts of the Mediterranean, and producing a valuable resin; -- called also, <altname>mastic tree</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A resin exuding from the mastic tree, and obtained by incision. The best is in yellowish white, semitransparent tears, of a faint smell, and is used as an astringent and an aromatic, also as an ingredient in varnishes.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of cement composed of burnt clay, litharge, and linseed oil, used for plastering walls, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Barbary mastic</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the <spn>Pistachia Atlantica</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Peruvian mastic tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small tree (<spn>Schinus Molle</spn>) with peppery red berries; -- called also <altname>pepper tree</altname>.</cd> -- <col>West Indian mastic</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a lofty tree (<spn>Bursera gummifera</spn>) full of gum resin in every part.</cd></cs>

<h1>Masticable</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ti*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being masticated.</def>

<h1>Masticador</h1>
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<hw>Mas`ti*ca"dor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>mastigador</ets>. See <er>Masticate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A part of a bridle, the slavering bit.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mastigador</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Masticate</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ti*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Masticated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Masticating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>masticatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>masticare</ets> to chew, prob. fr. <ets>mastiche</ets> mastic. See <er>Mastic</er>.]</ety> <def>To grind or crush with, or as with, the teeth and prepare for swallowing and digestion; to chew; <as>as, to <ex>masticate</ex> food</as>.</def>

<h1>Masticater</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ti*ca`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who masticates.</def>

<h1>Mastication</h1>
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<hw>Mas`ti*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>masticatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mastication</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or operation of masticating; chewing, as of food.</def>

<blockquote><b>Mastication</b> is a necessary preparation of solid aliment, without which there can be no good digestion.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Masticator</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ti*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who masticates.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A machine for cutting meat into fine pieces for toothless people; also, a machine for cutting leather, India rubber, or similar tough substances, into fine pieces, in some processes of manufacture.</def>

<h1>Masticatory</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ti*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>masticatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Chewing; adapted to perform the office o<?/ chewing food.</def>

<h1>Masticatory</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ti*ca*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A substance to be chewed to increase the saliva.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Mastich</h1>
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<hw>Mas"tich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mastic</er>.</def>

<h1>Masticin</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ti*cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, amorphous, tenacious substance resembling caoutchouc, and obtained as an insoluble residue of mastic.</def>

<h1>Masticot</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ti*cot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Massicot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mastiff</h1>
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<hw>Mas"tiff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mastiffs</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. [<plw>Mastives</plw> is irregular and unusual.]</plu> <ety>[Prob. fr. Prov. E. <ets>masty</ets>, adj., large, n., a great dog, prob. fr. <ets>mast</ets> fruit, and hence, lit., fattened with mast. There is perh. confusion with OF. <ets>mestif</ets> mongrel; cf. also F. <ets>m\'83tin</ets> mastiff, OF. <ets>mastin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A breed of large dogs noted for strength and courage. There are various strains, differing in form and color, and characteristic of different countries.</def>

<cs><col>Mastiff bat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>, any bat of the genus <spn>Molossus</spn>; so called because the face somewhat resembles that of a mastiff.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mastigopod</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ti*go*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Mastigopoda.</def>

<h1>Mastigopoda</h1>
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<hw>Mas`ti*gop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a whip + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Infusoria.</def>

<h1>Mastigure</h1>
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<hw>Mas"ti*gure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/., <?/, a scourge + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several large spiny-tailed lizards of the genus <spn>Uromastix</spn>. They inhabit Southern Asia and North Africa.</def>

<h1>Masting</h1>
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<hw>Mast"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The act or process of putting a mast or masts into a vessel; also, the scientific principles which determine the position of masts, and the mechanical methods of placing them.</def>

<cs><col>Masting house</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a large building, with suitable mechanism overhanging the water, used for stepping and unstepping the masts of vessels.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mastitis</h1>
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<hw>Mas*ti"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ breast + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the breast.</def>

<h1>Mastless</h1>
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<hw>Mast"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See lst <er>Mast</er>.]</ety> <def>Bearing no mast; <as>as, a <ex>mastless</ex> oak or beech</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Mastless</h1>
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<hw>Mast"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Mast</er>.]</ety> <def>Having no mast; <as>as, a <ex>mastless</ex> vessel</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="901">
Page 901<p>

<h1>Mastlin</h1>
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<hw>Mast"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Maslin</er>.</def>

<h1>Mastodon</h1>
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<hw>Mas"to*don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the breast + <?/, <?/, a tooth. So called from the conical projections upon its molar teeth.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of mammals closely allied to the elephant, but having less complex molar teeth, and often a pair of lower, as well as upper, tusks, which are incisor teeth. The species were mostly larger than elephants, and their romains occur in nearly all parts of the world in deposits ranging from Miocene to late Quaternary time.</def>

<h1>Mastodonsaurus</h1>
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<hw>Mas`to*don*sau"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>Mastodon</ets> + Gr. <?/ a lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A large extinct genus of labyrinthodonts, found in the European Triassic rocks.</def>

<h1>Mastodontic</h1>
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<hw>Mas`to*don"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a mastodon; <as>as, <ex>mastodontic</ex> dimensions</as>.</def>

<i>Everett.</i>

<mhw><h1>Mastodynia, Mastodyny</h1>
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<hw>Mas`to*dyn"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mas*tod"y*ny</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>mastodynia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ the breast + <?/ pain.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pain occuring in the mamma or female breast, -- a form of neuralgia.</def>

<h1>Mastoid</h1>
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<hw>Mas"toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ the breast + <?/ form: cf. F. <ets>masto\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Resembling the nipple or the breast; -- applied specifically to a process of the temporal bone behind the ear.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to, or in the region of, the mastoid process; mastoidal.</def>

<h1>Mastoidal</h1>
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<hw>Mas*toid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Mastoid</er>.</def>

<h1>Mastology</h1>
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<hw>Mas*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the breast + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mastologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The natural history of Mammalia.</def>

<h1>Mastress</h1>
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<hw>Mas"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mistress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Masturbation</h1>
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<hw>Mas`tur*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>masturbatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>masturbari</ets> to practice onanism: cf. F. <ets>masturbation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Onanism; self-pollution.</def>

<h1>Masty</h1>
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<hw>Mast"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See lst <er>Mast</er>.]</ety> <def>Full of mast; abounding in acorns, etc.</def>

<h1>Masula boat</h1>
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<hw>Ma*su"la boat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Same as <er>Masoola boat</er>.</def>

<h1>Mat</h1>
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<hw>Mat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Matte</er>.]</ety> <def>A name given by coppersmiths to an alloy of copper, tin, iron, etc., usually called <i>white metal</i>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>matt</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mat</h1>
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<hw>Mat</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. See 4th <er>Mate</er>.]</ety> <def>Cast down; dejected; overthrown; slain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When he saw them so piteous and so <b>maat</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mat</h1>
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<hw>Mat</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>matt</ets>, <ets>meatt</ets>, fr. L. <ets>matta</ets> a mat made of rushes.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fabric of sedge, rushes, flags, husks, straw, hemp, or similar material, used for wiping and cleaning shoes at the door, for covering the floor of a hall or room, and for other purposes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any similar fabric for various uses, as for covering plant houses, putting beneath dishes or lamps on a table, securing rigging from friction, and the like.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything growing thickly, or closely interwoven, so as to resemble a mat in form or texture; <as>as, a <ex>mat</ex> of weeds; a <ex>mat</ex> of hair.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An ornamental border made of paper, pasterboard, metal, etc., put under the glass which covers a framed picture; <as>as, the <ex>mat</ex> of a daguerreotype</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Mat grass</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A low, tufted, European grass (<spn>Nardus stricta</spn>)</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Same as <er>Matweed</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mat rush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of rush (<spn>Scirpus lacustris</spn>) used in England for making mats.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mat</h1>
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<hw>Mat</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Matted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Matting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover or lay with mats.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To twist, twine, or felt together; to interweave into, or like, a mat; to entangle.</def>

<blockquote>And o'er his eyebrows hung his <b>matted</b> hair.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mat</h1>
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<hw>Mat</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow thick together; to become interwoven or felted together like a mat.</def>

<h1>Matachin</h1>
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<hw>Ma`ta*chin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>An old dance with swords and bucklers; a sword dance.</def>

<h1>Mataco</h1>
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<hw>Mat"a*co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The three-banded armadillo (<spn>Tolypeutis tricinctus</spn>). See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Loricata</er>.</def>

<h1>Matadore, Matador</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mat"a*dore</hw>, <hw>Mat"a*dor</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>matador</ets>, prop., a killer, fr. <ets>matar</ets> to kill, L. <ets>mactare</ets> to sacrifice, kill.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The killer; the man appointed to kill the bull in bullfights.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>In the game of quadrille or omber, the three principal trumps, the ace of spades being the first, the ace of clubs the third, and the second being the deuce of a black trump or the seven of a red one.</def>

<blockquote>When Lady Tricksey played a four,
You took it with a <b>matadore</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Matagasse</h1>
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<hw>Mat`a*gasse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A shrike or butcher bird; -- called also <altname>mattages</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Matamata</h1>
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<hw>Ma`ta*ma"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bearded tortoise (<spn>Chelys fimbriata</spn>) of South American rivers.</def>

<h1>Matanza</h1>
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<hw>Ma*tan"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., slaughter, fr. <ets>matar</ets> to kill.]</ety> <def>A place where animals are slaughtered for their hides and tallow.</def> <mark>[Western U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Match</h1>
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<hw>Match</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>macche</ets>, F. <ets>m\'8ache</ets>, F. <ets>m\'8ache</ets>, fr. L. <ets>myxa</ets> a lamp nozzle, Gr. <?/ mucus, nostril, a lamp nozzle. Cf. <er>Mucus</er>.]</ety> <def>Anything used for catching and retaining or communicating fire, made of some substance which takes fire readily, or remains burning some time; esp., a small strip or splint of wood dipped at one end in a substance which can be easily ignited by friction, as a preparation of phosphorus or chlorate of potassium.</def>

<cs><col>Match box</col>, <cd>a box for holding matches.</cd> -- <col>Match tub</col>, <cd>a tub with a perforated cover for holding slow matches for firing cannon, esp. on board ship. The tub contains a little water in the bottom, for extinguishing sparks from the lighted matches.</cd> -- <col>Quick match</col>, <cd>threads of cotton or cotton wick soaked in a solution of gunpowder mixed with gum arabic and boiling water and afterwards strewed over with mealed powder. It burns at the rate of one yard in thirteen seconds, and is used as priming for heavy mortars, fireworks, etc.</cd> -- <col>Slow match</col>, <cd>slightly twisted hempen rope soaked in a solution of limewater and saltpeter or washed in a lye of water and wood ashes. It burns at the rate of four or five inches an hour, and is used for firing cannon, fireworks, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Match</h1>
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<hw>Match</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>macche</ets>, AS. <ets>gem\'91cca</ets>; akin to <ets>gemaca</ets>, and to OS. <ets>gimako</ets>, OHG. <ets>gimah</ets> fitting, suitable, convenient, Icel. <ets>mark</ets> suitable, <ets>maki</ets> mate, Sw. <ets>make</ets>, Dan. <ets>mage</ets>; all from the root of E. <ets>make</ets>, v. See <er>Make</er> mate, and <er>Make</er>, <tt>v.</tt>, and cf. <er>Mate</er> an associate.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A person or thing equal or similar to another; one able to mate or cope with another; an equal; a mate.</def>

<blockquote>Government . . . makes an innocent man, though of the lowest rank, a <b>match</b> for the mightiest of his fellow subjects.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bringing together of two parties suited to one another, as for a union, a trial of skill or force, a contest, or the like</def>; as, specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A contest to try strength or skill, or to determine superiority; an emulous struggle.</def> "Many a warlike <i>match</i>."  <i>Drayton.</i>

<blockquote>A solemn <b>match</b> was made; he lost the prize.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A matrimonial union; a marriage.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An agreement, compact, etc.</def> "Thy hand upon that <i>match</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Love doth seldom suffer itself to be confined by other <b>matches</b> than those of its own making.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A candidate for matrimony; one to be gained in marriage.</def> "She . . . was looked upon as the richest <i>match</i> of the West."

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Equality of conditions in contest or competition.</def>

<blockquote>It were no <b>match</b>, your nail against his horn.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Suitable combination or bringing together; that which corresponds or harmonizes with something else; <as>as, the carpet and curtains are a <ex>match</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A perforated board, block of plaster, hardened sand, etc., in which a pattern is partly imbedded when a mold is made, for giving shape to the surfaces of separation between the parts of the mold.</def>

<cs><col>Match boarding</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>boards fitted together with tongue and groove, or prepared to be so fitted.</cd> -- <col>Match game</col>, <cd>a game arranged as a test of superiority.</cd> -- <col>Match plane</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>either of the two planes used to shape the edges of boards which are joined by grooving and tonguing.</cd> -- <col>Match plate</col> <fld>(Founding)</fld>, <cd>a board or plate on the opposite sides of which the halves of a pattern are fastened, to facilitate molding. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Match wheel</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a cogwheel of suitable pitch to work with another wheel; specifically, one of a pair of cogwheels of equal size.</cd></cs>

<h1>Match</h1>
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<hw>Match</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Matched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Matching</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be a mate or match for; to be able to complete with; to rival successfully; to equal.</def>

<blockquote>No settled senses of the world can <b>match</b>
The pleasure of that madness.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with its match; to bring a match, or equal, against; to show an equal competitor to; to set something in competition with, or in opposition to, as equal.</def>

<blockquote>No history or antiquity can <b>match</b>is policies and his conduct.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To oppose as equal; to contend successfully against.</def>

<blockquote>Eternal might
To <b>match</b> with their inventions they presumed
So easy, and of his thunder made a scorn.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make or procure the equal of, or that which is exactly similar to, or corresponds with; <as>as, to <ex>match</ex> a vase or a horse; to <ex>match</ex> cloth.</as></def> "<i>Matching</i> of patterns and colors."

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To make equal, proportionate, or suitable; to adapt, fit, or suit (one thing <i>to</i> another).</def>

<blockquote>Let poets <b>match</b> their subject to their strength.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To marry; to give in marriage.</def>

<blockquote>A senator of Rome survived,
Would not have <b>matched</b> his daughter with a king.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To fit together, or make suitable for fitting together; specifically, to furnish with a tongue and a groove, at the edges; <as>as, to <ex>match</ex> boards</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Matching machine</col>, <cd>a planing machine for forming a tongue or a groove on the edge of a board.</cd></cs>

<h1>Match</h1>
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<hw>Match</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be united in marriage; to mate.</def>

<blockquote>I hold it a sin to <b>match</b> in my kindred.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let tigers <b>match</b> with hinds, and wolves with sheep.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be of equal, or similar, size, figure, color, or quality; to tally; to suit; to correspond; <as>as, these vases <ex>match</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Matchable</h1>
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<hw>Match"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being matched; comparable on equal conditions; adapted to being joined together; correspondent.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Match"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Sir Walter Raleigh . . .  is <b>matchable</b> with the best of the ancients.
<i>Hakewill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Match-cloth</h1>
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<hw>Match"-cloth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coarse cloth.</def>

<h1>Match-coat</h1>
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<hw>Match"-coat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coat made of match-cloth.</def>

<h1>Matcher</h1>
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<hw>Match"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, matches; a matching machine. See under 3d <er>Match</er>.</def>

<h1>Matchless</h1>
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<hw>Match"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Mateless</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having no equal; unequaled.</def> "A <i>matchless</i> queen."

<i>Waller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unlike each other; unequal; unsuited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Matchless</i> ears."

<i>Spenser.</i>


-- <wordforms><wf>Match"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Match"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Matchlock</h1>
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<hw>Match"lock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An old form of gunlock containing a match for firing the priming; hence, a musket fired by means of a match.</def>

<h1>Matchmaker</h1>
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<hw>Match"mak`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who makes matches for burning or kinding.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who tries to bring about marriages.</def>

<h1>Matchmaking</h1>
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<hw>Match"mak`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of making matches for kindling or burning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or process of trying to bring about a marriage for others.</def>

<h1>Matchmaking</h1>
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<hw>Match"mak`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Busy in making or contriving marriages; <as>as, a <ex>matchmaking</ex> woman</as>.</def>

<h1>Mate</h1>
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<hw>Ma"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>The Paraguay tea, being the dried leaf of the Brazilian holly (<spn>Ilex Paraguensis</spn>). The infusion has a pleasant odor, with an agreeable bitter taste, and is much used for tea in South America.</def>

<h1>Mate</h1>
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<hw>Mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mat</ets>, abbrev. fr. \'82chec et <ets>mat</ets>. See <er>Checkmate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chess)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Checkmate</er>.</def>

<h1>Mate</h1>
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<hw>Mate</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See 2d <er>Mat</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mate</h1>
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<hw>Mate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mater</ets> to fatigue, enfeeble, humiliate, checkmate. See <er>Mate</er> checkmate.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To confuse; to confound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To checkmate.</def>

<h1>Mate</h1>
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<hw>Mate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perhaps for older <ets>make</ets> a companion; cf. also OD. <ets>maet</ets> companion, mate, D. <ets>maat</ets>. Cf. <er>Make</er> a companion, <er>Match</er> a mate.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who customarily associates with another; a companion; an associate; any object which is associated or combined with a similar object.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, specifically, a husband or wife; and among the lower animals, one of a pair associated for propagation and the care of their young.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A suitable companion; a match; an equal.</def>

<blockquote>Ye knew me once no <b>mate</b>
For you; there sitting where you durst not soar.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An officer in a merchant vessel ranking next below the captain. If there are more than one bearing the title, they are called, respectively, <i>first mate</i>, <i>second mate</i>, <i>third mate</i>, etc. In the navy, a subordinate officer or assistant; <as>as, master's <ex>mate</ex>; surgeon's <ex>mate</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Mate</h1>
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<hw>Mate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To match; to marry.</def>

<blockquote>If she be <b>mated</b> with an equal husband.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To match one's self against; to oppose as equal; to compete with.</def>

<blockquote>There is no passion in the mind of man so weak but it <b>mates</b> and masters the fear of death.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I, . . . in the way of loyalty and truth, . . .
Dare <b>mate</b> a sounder man than Surrey can be.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mate</h1>
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<hw>Mate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be or become a mate or mates, especially in sexual companionship; <as>as, some birds <ex>mate</ex> for life; this bird will not <ex>mate</ex> with that one.</as></def>

<h1>Mateless</h1>
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<hw>Mate"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Matchless</er>.]</ety> <def>Having no mate.</def>

<h1>Matelote</h1>
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<hw>Mat"e*lote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>matelot</ets> a sailor; properly, a dish such as sailors prepare.]</ety> <def>A dish of food composed of many kings of fish.</def>

<h1>Mateology</h1>
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<hw>Ma`te*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ useless, vain + <?/ discourse: cf. F. <ets>mat\'82ologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A vain, unprofitable discourse or inquiry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mateotechny</h1>
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<hw>Ma`te*o*tech"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ vain + <?/ art, science.]</ety> <def>Any unprofitable science.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mater</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., mother. See <er>Mother</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Alma mater</er>, <er>Dura mater</er>, and <er>Pia mater</er>.</def>

<h1>Material</h1>
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<hw>Ma*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>materialis</ets>, fr. <ets>materia</ets> stuff, matter: cf. F. <ets>mat\'82riel</ets>. See <er>Matter</er>, and cf. <er>Mat\'90riel</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of matter; not spiritual; corporeal; physical; <as>as, <ex>material</ex> substance or bodies</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>material</b> elements of the universe.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Pertaining to, or affecting, the physical nature of man, as distinguished from the mental or moral nature; relating to the bodily wants, interests, and comforts.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of solid or weighty character; not insubstantial; of cinsequence; not be dispensed with; important.</def>

<blockquote>Discourse, which was always <b>material</b>, never trifling.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I shall, in the account of simple ideas, set down only such as are most <b>material</b> to our present purpose.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Logic.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the matter, as opposed to the form, of a thing. See <er>Matter</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Material cause</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cause</er>.</cd> -- <col>Material evidence</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>evidence which conduces to the proof or disproof of a relevant hypothesis. <i>Wharton</i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Corporeal; bodily; important; weighty; momentous; essential.</syn>

<h1>Material</h1>
<Xpage=901>

<hw>Ma*te"ri*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The substance or matter of which anything is made or may be made.</def>

<cs><col>Raw material</col>, <cd>any crude, unfinished, or elementary materials that are adapted to use only by processes of skilled labor. Cotton, wool, ore, logs, etc., are <i>raw material<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Material</h1>
<Xpage=901>

<hw>Ma*te"ri*al</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form from matter; to materialize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Materialism</h1>
<Xpage=901>

<hw>Ma*te"ri*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mat\'82rialisme</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The doctrine of materialists; materialistic views and tenets.</def>

<blockquote>The irregular fears of a future state had been supplanted by the <b>materialism</b> of Epicurus.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The tendency to give undue importance to material interests; devotion to the material nature and its wants.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Material substances in the aggregate; matter.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark>

<i>A. Chalmers.</i>

<hr>
<page="902">
Page 902<p>

<h1>Materialist</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*te"ri*al*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mat\'82rialiste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who denies the existence of spiritual substances or agents, and maintains that spiritual phenomena, so called, are the result of some peculiar organization of matter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who holds to the existence of matter, as distinguished from the idealist, who denies it.</def>

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<h1>Materialistic, Materialistical</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw><hw>Ma*te`ri*al*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ma*te`ri*al*is"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to materialism or materialists; of the nature of materialism.</def>

<blockquote>But to me his very spiritualism seemed more <b>materialistic</b> than his physics.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Materiality</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*te`ri*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mat\'82rialit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being material; material existence; corporeity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Importance; <as>as, the <ex>materiality</ex> of facts</as>.</def>

<h1>Materialization</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*te`ri*al*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of materializing, or the state of being materialized.</def>

<h1>Materialize</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*te"ri*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Materialized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Materializing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mat\'82rialiser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To invest wich material characteristics; to make perceptible to the senses; hence, to present to the mind through the medium of material objects.</def>

<blockquote>Having wich wonderful art and beauty <b>materialized</b>, if I may so call it, a scheme of abstracted notions, and clothed the most nice, refined conceptions of philosophy in sensible images.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To regard as matter; to consider or explain by the laws or principles which are appropriate to matter.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to assume a character appropriate to material things; to occupy with material interests; <as>as, to <ex>materialize</ex> thought</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Spiritualism)</fld> <def>To make visable in, or as in, a material form; -- said of spirits.</def>

<blockquote>A female spirit form temporarily <b>materialized</b>, and not distinguishable from a human being.
<i>Epes Sargent.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Materialize</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*te"ri*al*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To appear as a material form; to take substantial shape.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Materially</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*te"ri*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the state of matter.</def>

<blockquote>I do not mean that anything is separable from a body by fire that was not <b>materially</b> pre\'89xistent in it.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In its essence; substantially.</def>

<blockquote>An ill intention is certainly sufficient to spoil . . . an act in itself <b>materially</b> good.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In an important manner or degree; essentaily; <as>as, it <ex>materially</ex> concern us to know the real motives of our actions</as>.</def>

<h1>Materialness</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*te"ri*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being material.</def>

<h1>Materia medica</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*te"ri*a med"i*ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. See <er>Matter</er>, and <er>Medical</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Material or substance used in the composition of remedies; -- a general term for all substances used as curative agents in medicine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That branch of medical science which treats of the nature and properties of all the substances that are employed for the cure of diseases.</def>

<h1>Materiarian</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*te`ri*a"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>materiarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Materialist</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Materiate, Materiated</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw><hw>Ma*te"ri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ma*te"ri*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>materiatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>materiare</ets> to build of wood.]</ety> <def>Consisting of matter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Materiation</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*te`ri*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>materiatio</ets> woodwork.]</ety> <def>Act of forming matter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Mat\'82riel</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma`t\'82`ri`el"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Material</er>.]</ety> <def>That in a complex system which constitutes the <i>materials</i>, or instruments employed, in distinction from the <i>personnel</i>, or men; <as>as, the baggage, munitions, provisions, etc.</as>, of an army; or the buildings, libraries, and apparatus of a college, in distinction from its officers.</def>

<h1>Materious</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*te"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Material</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Maternal</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*ter"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>maternel</ets>, L. <ets>maternus</ets>, fr. <ets>mater</ets> mother. See <er>Mother</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a mother; becoming to a mother; motherly; <as>as, <ex>maternal</ex> love; <ex>maternal</ex> tenderness.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Motherly</er>.</syn>

<h1>Maternally</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*ter"nal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a motherly manner.</def>

<h1>Maternity</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*ter"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>maternit\'82</ets>, LL. <ets>maternitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being a mother; the character or relation of a mother.</def>

<h1>Matfelon</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Mat"fel*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>madfelen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The knapweed (<spn>Centaurea nigra</spn>).</def>

<h1>Math</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Math</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m</ets><?/<?/; akin to <ets>m\'bewan</ets> to mow, G. <ets>mahd</ets> math. See <er>Mow</er> to cut (grass).]</ety> <def>A mowing, or that which is gathered by mowing; -- chiefly used in composition; <as>as, an after<ex>math</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The first mowing thereof, for the king's use, is wont to be sooner than the common <b>math</b>.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mathematic</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Math`e*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>math\'82matique</ets>, L. <ets>mathematicus</ets>, Gr. <?/ disposed to learn, belonging to learning or the sciences, especially to mathematics, fr. <?/ that which is learned, learning, pl. <?/ things learned, learning, science, especially mathematical science, fr. <?/, <?/, to learn; akin to E. <ets>mind</ets>. See <er>Mind</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Mathematical</er>.</def>

<h1>Mathematical</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Math`e*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mathematic</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to mathematics; according to mathematics; hence, theoretically precise; accurate; <as>as, <ex>mathematical</ex> geography; <ex>mathematical</ex> instruments; <ex>mathematical</ex> exactness.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Math`e*mat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mathematician</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Math`e*ma*ti"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>math\'82maticien</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in mathematics.</def>

<h1>Mathematics</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Math`e*mat"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>math\'82matiques</ets>, pl., L. <ets>mathematica</ets>, sing., Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/) science. See <er>Mathematic</er>, and <er>-ics</er>.]</ety> <def>That science, or class of sciences, which treats of the exact relations existing between quantities or magnitudes, and of the methods by which, in accordance with these relations, quantities sought are deducible from other quantities known or supposed; the science of spatial and quantitative relations.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Mathematics</i> embraces three departments, namely: <bold>1.</bold> <stype>Arithmetic</stype>. <bold>2.</bold> <stype>Geometry</stype>, including <stype>Trigonometry</stype> and <stype>Conic Sections</stype>. <bold>3.</bold> <stype>Analysis</stype>, in which letters are used, including <stype>Algebra</stype>, <stype>Analytical Geometry</stype>, and <stype>Calculus</stype>. Each of these divisions is divided into <i>pure</i> or <i>abstract</i>, which considers magnitude or quantity abstractly, without relation to matter; and <i>mixed</i> or <i>applied</i>, which treats of magnitude as subsisting in material bodies, and is consequently interwoven with physical considerations.</note>

<h1>Mather</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Math"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Madder</er>.</def>

<h1>Mathes</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Math"es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. corrupted fr. L. <ets>anthemis</ets> camomile, Gr. <?/ .]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The mayweed. Cf. <er>Maghet</er>.</def>

<h1>Mathesis</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*the"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, from <?/, <?/, to learn.]</ety> <def>Learning; especially, mathematics.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Mathurin</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Math"u*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Trinitarian</er>.</def>

<h1>Matico</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*ti"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Peruvian plant (<spn>Piper, &or; Artanthe, elongatum</spn>), allied to the pepper, the leaves of which are used as a styptic and astringent.</def>

<h1>Matie</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Mat"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fat herring with undeveloped roe.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>matty</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>M&acir;tin</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>M&acir;`tin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m&acir;tin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A French mastiff.</def>

<h1>Matin</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Mat"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. fr. L. <ets>matutinum</ets> the morning, <ets>matutinus</ets> of the morning, <ets>Matuta</ets> the goddess of the morning. See <er>Matutinal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Morning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <ety>[F. <ets>matines</ets>. See Etymol. above.]</ety> <def>Morning worship or service; morning prayers or songs.</def>

<blockquote>The winged choristers began
To chirp their <b>matins</b>.
<i>Cleveland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Time of morning service; the first canonical hour in the Roman Catholic Church.</def>

<h1>Matin</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Mat"in</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the morning, or to matins; used in the morning; matutinal.</def>

<h1>Matinal</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Mat"in*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the morning, or to matins; matutinal.</def>

<h1>Matin\'82e</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Mat`i*n\'82e"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from <ets>matin</ets>. See <er>Matin</er>.]</ety> <def>A reception, or a musical or dramatic entertainment, held in the daytime. See <er>Soir\'90e</er>.</def>

<h1>Matrass</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*trass"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>matras</ets>; perh. so called from its long narrow neck; cf. OF. <ets>matras</ets> large arrow, L. <ets>materis</ets>, <ets>mataris</ets>, <ets>matara</ets>, a Celtic javelin, pike; of Celtic origin.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A round-bottomed glass flask having a long neck; a bolthead.</def>

<h1>Matress</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Mat"ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Matress</er>.</def>

<h1>Matriarch</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma"tri*arch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mater</ets> mother + <ets>-arch</ets>.]</ety> <def>The mother and ruler of a family or of her descendants; a ruler by maternal right.</def>

<h1>Matriarchal</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma`tri*ar"chal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a matriarch; governed by a matriarch.</def>

<h1>Matriarchate</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma"tri*ar"chate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or jurisdiction of a matriarch; a matriarchal form of government.</def>

<h1>Matrice</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma"trice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>matrice</ets>. See <er>Matrix</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Matrix</er>.</def>

<h1>Matricidal</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Mat"ri*ci`dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to matricide.</def>

<h1>Matricide</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Mat"ri*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>matricidium</ets>; <ets>mater</ets> mother + <ets>coedere</ets> to kill, slay: cf. F. <ets>matricide</ets>. See <er>Mother</er>, and cf. <er>Homicide</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The murder of a mother by her son or daughter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[L. <ets>matricida</ets>: cf. F. <ets>matricide</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who murders one's own mother.</def>

<h1>Matriculate</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*tric"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Matriculated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Matriculating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>matricula</ets> a public roll or register, dim. of <ets>matrix</ets> a mother, in respect to propagation, also, a public register. See <er>Matrix</er>.]</ety> <def>To enroll; to enter in a register; specifically, to enter or admit to membership in a body or society, particularly in a college or university, by enrolling the name in a register.</def>

<blockquote>In discovering and <b>matriculating</b> the arms of commissaries from North America.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Matriculate</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*tric"u*late</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To go though the process of admission to membership, as by examination and enrollment, in a society or college.</def>

<h1>Matriculate</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*tric"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Matriculated.</def> <i>Skelton</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is matriculated.</def></def2>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Matriculation</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma*tric`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of matriculating; the state of being matriculated.</def>

<h1>Matrimoine</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Mat"ri*moine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Matrimony.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Matrimonial</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Mat`ri*mo"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>matrimonialis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>matrimonial</ets>. See <er>Matrimony</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to marriage; derived from marriage; connubial; nuptial; hymeneal; <as>as, <ex>matrimonial</ex> rights or duties</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If he relied upon that title, he could be but a king at courtesy, and have rather a <b>matrimonial</b> than a regal power.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Connubial; conjugal; sponsal; spousal; nuptial; hymeneal.</syn>

<h1>Matrimonially</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Mat`ri*mo"ni*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a matrimonial manner.</def>

<h1>Matrimonious</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Mat`ri*mo"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Matrimonial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Matrimony</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Mat"ri*mo*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>matrimoine</ets>, through Old French, fr. L. <ets>matrimonium</ets>, fr. <ets>mater</ets> mother. See <er>Mother</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The union of man and woman as husband and wife; the nuptial state; marriage; wedlock.</def>

<blockquote>If either of you know any impediment, why ye may not be lawfully joined together in <b>matrimony</b>, ye do now confessit.
<i>Book of Com. Prayer (Eng. Ed. )</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of game at cards played by several persons.</def>

<cs><col>Matrimony vine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a climbing thorny vine (<spn>Lycium barbarum</spn>) of the Potato family.</cd></cs>

<i>Gray.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Marriage; wedlock. See <er>Marriage</er>.</syn>

<h1>Matrix</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma"trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Matrices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>mater</ets> mother. See <er>Mother</er>, and cf. <er>Matrice</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The womb.</def>

<blockquote>All that openeth the <b>matrix</b> is mine.
<i>Ex. xxxiv. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, that which gives form or origin to anything</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The cavity in which anything is formed, and which gives it shape; a die; a mold, as for the face of a type.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The earthy or stony substance in which metallic ores or crystallized minerals are found; the gangue.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld> <def>The five simple colors, black, white, blue, red, and yellow, of which all the rest are composed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The lifeless portion of tissue, either animal or vegetable, situated between the cells; the intercellular substance.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A rectangular arrangement of symbols in rows and columns. The symbols may express quantities or operations.</def>

<h1>Matron</h1>
<Xpage=902>

<hw>Ma"tron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>matrone</ets>, L. <ets>matrona</ets>, fr. <ets>mater</ets> mother. See <er>Mother</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wife or a widow, especially, one who has borne children; a woman of staid or motherly manners.</def>

<blockquote>Your wives, your daughters,
Your <b>matrons</b>, and your maids.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Grave from her cradle, insomuch that she was a <b>matron</b> before she was a mother.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A housekeeper; esp., a woman who manages the domestic economy of a public instution; a head nurse in a hospital; <as>as, the <ex>matron</ex> of a school or hospital</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Jury of matrons</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a jury of experienced women called to determine the question of pregnancy when set up in bar of execution, and for other cognate purposes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Matronage</h1>
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<hw>Mat"ron*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of a matron.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The collective body of matrons.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<blockquote>Can a politician slight the feelings and convictions of the whole <b>matronage</b> of his country ?
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Matronal</h1>
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<hw>Mat"ron*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>matronalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a matron; suitable to an elderly lady or to a married woman; grave; motherly.</def>

<h1>Matronhood</h1>
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<hw>Ma"tron*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a matron.</def>

<h1>Matronize</h1>
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<hw>Mat"ron*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Matronized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Matronizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a matron of; to make matronlike.</def>

<blockquote>Childbed <b>matronizes</b> the giddiest spirits.
<i>Richardson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act the part of a marton toward; to superintend; to chaperone; <as>as, to <ex>matronize</ex> an assembly</as>.</def>

<h1>Matronlike</h1>
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<hw>Ma"tron*like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a matron; sedate; grave; matronly.</def>

<h1>Matronly</h1>
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<hw>Ma"tron*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Advanced in years; elderly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Like, or befitting, a matron; grave; sedate.</def>

<h1>Matronymic</h1>
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<hw>Mat`ro*nym"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mater</ets> mother + <ets>-nymic</ets>, as in <ets>patronimic</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Metronymic</er>.</def>

<h1>Matross</h1>
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<hw>Ma*tross"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>matroos</ets>, fr. F. <ets>matelot</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Formerly, in the British service, a gunner or a gunner's mate; one of the soldiers in a train of artillery, who assisted the gunners in loading, firing, and sponging the guns.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Matt</h1>
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<hw>Matt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Matte</er>.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Mattages</h1>
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<hw>Mat`ta*ges"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A shrike or butcher bird; -- written also <altname>matagasse</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Mattamore</h1>
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<hw>Mat"ta*more`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>matamore</ets>, from Ar. <ets>matm<?/ra</ets>.]</ety> <def>A subterranean repository for wheat.</def>

<h1>Matte</h1>
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<hw>Matte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>matte</ets>; cf. F. <ets>mat</ets>, masc., <ets>matte</ets>, fem., faint, dull, dim; -- said of metals. See <er>Mate</er> checkmate.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Metallurgy)</fld> <def>A partly reduced copper sulphide, obtained by alternately roasting and melting copper ore in separating the metal from associated iron ores, and called <altname>coarse metal</altname>, <altname>fine metal</altname>, etc., according to the grade of fineness. On the exterior it is dark brown or black, but on a fresh surface is yellow or bronzy in color.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dead or dull finish, as in gilding where the gold leaf is not burnished, or in painting where the surface is purposely deprived of gloss.</def>

<h1>Matted</h1>
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<hw>Mat"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Matte</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a dull surface; unburnished; <as>as, <ex>matted</ex> gold leaf or gilding</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Matted glass</col>, <cd>glass ornamented with figures on a dull ground.</cd></cs>

<h1>Matted</h1>
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<hw>Mat"ted</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 3d <er>Mat</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Covered with a mat or mats; <as>as, a <ex>matted</ex> floor</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tangled closely together; having its parts adhering closely together; <as>as, <ex>matted</ex> hair</as>.</def>

<h1>Matter</h1>
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<hw>Mat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>matere</ets>, F. <ets>mati\'8are</ets>, fr. L. <ets>materia</ets>; perh. akin to L. <ets>mater</ets> mother. Cf. <er>Mother</er>, <er>Madeira</er>, <er>Material</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That of which anything is composed; constituent substance; material; the material or substantial part of anything; the constituent elements of conception; that into which a notion may be analyzed; the essence; the pith; the embodiment.</def>

<blockquote>He is the <b>matter</b> of virtue.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That of which the sensible universe and all existent bodies are composed; anything which has extension, occupies space, or is perceptible by the senses; body; substance.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Matter</i> is usually divided by philosophical writers into three kinds or classes: <i>solid</i>, <i>liquid</i>, and <i>a\'89riform</i>. <i>Solid</i> substances are those whose parts firmly cohere and resist impression, as wood or stone. <i>Liquids</i> have free motion among their parts, and easily yield to impression, as water and wine. <i>A\'89riform</i> substances are elastic fluids, called <i>vapors</i> and <i>gases</i>, as air and oxygen gas.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That with regard to, or about which, anything takes place or is done; the thing aimed at, treated of, or treated; subject of action, discussion, consideration, feeling, complaint, legal action, or the like; theme.</def> "If the <i>matter</i> should be tried by duel."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Son of God, Savior of men ! Thy name
Shall be the copious <b>matter</b> of my song.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Every great <b>matter</b> they shall bring unto thee, but every small <b>matter</b> they shall judge.
<i>Ex. xviii. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which one has to treat, or with which one has to do; concern; affair; business.</def>

<blockquote>To help the <b>matter</b>, the alchemists call in many vanities out of astrology.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some young female seems to have carried <b>matters</b> so far, that she is ripe for asking advice.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Affair worthy of account; thing of consequence; importance; significance; moment; -- chiefly in the phrases <i>what matter</i> ? <i>no matter</i>, and the like.</def>

<blockquote>A prophet some, and some a poet, cry;
No <b>matter</b> which, so neither of them lie.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Inducing cause or occasion, especially of anything disagreeable or distressing; difficulty; trouble.</def>

<blockquote>And this is the <b>matter</b> why interpreters upon that passage in
Hosea will not consent it to be a true story, that the prophet took a harlot to wife.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="903">
Page 903<p>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Amount; quantity; portion; space; -- often indefinite.</def>

<blockquote>Away he goes, . . . a <b>matter</b> of seven miles.
<i>L' Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have thoughts to tarry a small <b>matter</b>.
<i>Congreve.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No small <b>matter</b> of British forces were commanded over sea the year before.
<i>Mi</i></blockquote>

<i>lton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Substance excreted from living animal bodies; that which is thrown out or discharged in a tumor, boil, or abscess; pus; purulent substance.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>That which is permanent, or is supposed to be given, and in or upon which changes are effected by psychological or physical processes and relations; -- opposed to <i>form</i>.</def>

<i>Mansel.</i>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Written manuscript, or anything to be set in type; copy; also, type set up and ready to be used, or which has been used, in printing.</def>

<cs><col>Dead matter</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>type which has been used, or which is not to be used, in printing, and is ready for distribution.</cd> -- <col>Live matter</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>type set up, but not yet printed from.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Matter in bar</col>, <col>Matter of fact</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Bar</er>, and <er>Fact</er>.</cd> -- <col>Matter of record</col>, <cd>anything recorded.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Upon the matter</col>, &or; <col>Upon the whole matter</col></mcol>, <cd>considering the whole; taking all things into view.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Waller, with Sir William Balfour, exceeded in horse, but were, <b>upon the whole matter</b>, equal in foot.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Matter</h1>
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<hw>Mat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mattered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mattering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be of importance; to import; to signify.</def>

<blockquote>It <b>matters</b> not how they were called.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form pus or matter, as an abscess; to maturate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Each slight sore <i>mattereth</i>."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Matter</h1>
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<hw>Mat"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To regard as important; to take account of; to care for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He did not <b>matter</b> cold nor hunger.
<i>H. Brooke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Matterless</h1>
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<hw>Mat"ter*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not being, or having, matter; <as>as, <ex>matterless</ex> spirits</as>.</def>

<i>Davies (Wit's Pilgr. ).</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unimportant; immaterial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Matter-of-fact</h1>
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<hw>Mat"ter-of-fact"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adhering to facts; not turning aside from absolute realities; not fanciful or imaginative; commonplace; dry.</def>

<h1>Mattery</h1>
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<hw>Mat"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Generating or containing pus; purulent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Full of substance or matter; important.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Matting</h1>
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<hw>Mat"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Mat</er>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of interweaving or tangling together so as to make a mat; the process of becoming matted.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mats, in general, or collectively; mat work; a matlike fabric, for use in covering floors, packing articles, and the like; a kind of carpeting made of straw, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Materials for mats.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An ornamental border. See 3d <er>Mat</er>, 4.</def>

<h1>Matting</h1>
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<hw>Mat"ting</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Matte</er>.]</ety> <def>A dull, lusterless surface in certain of the arts, as gilding, metal work, glassmaking, etc.</def>

<h1>Mattock</h1>
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<hw>Mat"tock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>mattuc</ets>; cf. W. <ets>matog</ets>.]</ety> <def>An implement for digging and grubbing. The head has two long steel blades, one like an adz and the other like a narrow ax or the point of a pickax.</def>

<blockquote>'T is you must dig with <b>mattock</b> and with spade.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mattowacca</h1>
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<hw>Mat`to*wac"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American clupeoid fish (<spn>Clupea mediocris</spn>), similar to the shad in habits and appearance, but smaller and less esteemed for food; -- called also <altname>hickory shad</altname>, <altname>tailor shad</altname>, <altname>fall herring</altname>, and <altname>shad herring</altname>.</def>

<h1>Mattress</h1>
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<hw>Mat"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>materas</ets>, F. <ets>matelas</ets>, LL. <ets>matratium</ets>; cf. Sp. & Pg. al<ets>madraque</ets>, Pr. al<ets>matrac</ets>; all from Ar. <ets>ma&tsdot;rah</ets> a place where anything is thrown, what is thrown under something, fr. <ets>&tsdot;araha</ets> to throw.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A quilted bed; a bed stuffed with hair, moss, or other suitable material, and quilted or otherwise fastened.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>matress</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Hydraulic Engin.)</fld> <def>A mass of interwoven brush, poles, etc., to protect a bank from being worn away by currents or waves.</def>

<h1>Maturant</h1>
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<hw>Mat"u*rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>maturans</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Maturate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine, or application, which promotes suppuration.</def>

<h1>Maturate</h1>
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<hw>Mat"u*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Maturated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Maturating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>maturatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>maturare</ets> to make ripe, fr. <ets>maturus</ets> ripe, mature. See <er>Mature</er>, <tt>v.</tt> & <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring to ripeness or maturity; to ripen.</def>

<blockquote>A tree may be <b>maturated</b> artificially.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To promote the perfect suppuration of (an abscess).</def>

<h1>Maturate</h1>
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<hw>Mat"u*rate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To ripen; to become mature; specif<?/cally, to suppurate.</def>

<h1>Maturation</h1>
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<hw>Mat`u*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>maturatio</ets> a hastening: cf. F. <ets>maturation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The process of bringing, or of coming, to maturity; hence, specifically, the process of suppurating perfectly; the formation of pus or matter.</def>

<h1>Maturative</h1>
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<hw>Mat"u*ra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>maturatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Conducing to ripeness or maturity; hence, conducing to suppuration.</def>

<h1>Maturative</h1>
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<hw>Mat"u*ra*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy promoting maturation; a maturant.</def>

<h1>Mature</h1>
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<hw>Ma*ture"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Maturer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Maturest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>maturus</ets>; prob. akin to E. <ets>matin</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Brought by natural process to completeness of growth and development; fitted by growth and development for any function, action, or state, appropriate to its kind; full-grown; ripe.</def>

<blockquote>Now is love <b>mature</b> in ear.
<i>Tennison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How shall I meet, or how accost, the sage,
Unskilled in speech, nor yet <b>mature</b> of age ?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Completely worked out; fully digested or prepared; ready for action; made ready for destined application or use; perfected; <as>as, a <ex>mature</ex> plan</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This lies glowing, . . . and is almost <b>mature</b> for the violent breaking out.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a condition of full development; <as>as, a man of <ex>mature</ex> years</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Come to, or in a state of, completed suppuration.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Ripe; perfect; completed; prepared; digested; ready.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Mature</er>, <er>Ripe</er>. Both words describe <i>fullness</i> of growth. <i>Mature</i> brings to view the progressiveness of the process; <i>ripe</i> indicates the result. We speak of a thing as <i>mature</i> when thinking of the successive <i>stayes</i> through which it has passed; as <i>ripe</i>, when our attention is directed merely to its state. A <i>mature</i> judgment; <i>mature</i> consideration; <i>ripe</i> fruit; a <i>ripe</i> scholar.</usage>

<h1>Mature</h1>
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<hw>Ma*ture"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Matured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Maturing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Maturate</er>, <er>Mature</er>.]</ety> <def>To bring or hasten to maturity; to promote ripeness in; to ripen; to complete; <as>as, to <ex>mature</ex> one's plans</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Mature</h1>
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<hw>Ma*ture"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To advance toward maturity; to become ripe; <as>as, wine <ex>matures</ex> by age; the judgment <ex>matures</ex> by age and experience.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to become due, as a note.</def>

<h1>Maturely</h1>
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<hw>Ma*ture"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a mature manner; with ripeness; completely.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With caution; deliberately.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Early; soon.</def> <mark>[A Latinism, little used]</mark>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Matureness</h1>
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<hw>Ma*ture"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being mature; maturity.</def>

<h1>Maturer</h1>
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<hw>Ma*tur"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who brings to maturity.</def>

<h1>Maturescent</h1>
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<hw>Mat`u*res"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>maturescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>maturescere</ets> to become ripe, v. incho. from <ets>maturus</ets>. See <er>Mature</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Approaching maturity.</def>

<h1>Maturing</h1>
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<hw>Ma*tur"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Approaching maturity; <as>as, <ex>maturing</ex> fruits; <ex>maturing</ex> notes of hand.</as></def>

<h1>Maturity</h1>
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<hw>Ma*tu"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>maturitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>maturit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being mature; ripeness; full development; <as>as, the <ex>maturity</ex> of corn or of grass; <ex>maturity</ex> of judgment; the <ex>maturity</ex> of a plan.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Arrival of the time fixed for payment; a becoming due; termination of the period a note, etc., has to run.</def>

<h1>Matutinal</h1>
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<hw>Mat`u*ti"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>matutinalis</ets>, <ets>matutinus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>matutinal</ets>. See <er>Matin</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the morning; early.</def>

<h1>Matutinary</h1>
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<hw>Ma*tu"ti*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Matutinal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Matutine</h1>
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<hw>Mat"u*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Matutinal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Matweed</h1>
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<hw>Mat"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name of several maritime grasses, as the sea sand-reed (<spn>Ammophila arundinacea</spn>) which is used in Holland to bind the sand of the seacoast dikes (see <cref>Beach grass</cref>, under <er>Beach</er>); also, the <spn>Lygeum Spartum</spn>, a Mediterranean grass of similar habit.</def>

<h1>Maty</h1>
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<hw>Mat"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymology uncertain.]</ety> <def>A native house servant in India.</def>

<i>Balfour (Cyc. of India).</i>

<h1>Matzoth</h1>
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<hw>Matz"oth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>matsts&omac;th</ets>, pl. of <ets>matsts\'beh</ets> unleavened.]</ety> <def>A cake of unleavened bread eaten by the Jews at the feast of the Passover.</def><-- this is pl. form. sing. is matzo or matzoh.  Other plurals matzos and matzohs -->

<h1>Maucaco</h1>
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<hw>Mau*ca"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lemur; -- applied to several species, as the White-fronted, the ruffed, and the ring-tailed lemurs.</def>

<h1>Maud</h1>
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<hw>Maud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gray plaid; -- used by shepherds in Scotland.</def>

<h1>Maudle</h1>
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<hw>Mau"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To throw onto confusion or disorder; to render maudlin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Maudlin</h1>
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<hw>Maud"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Maudlin</ets>, a contr. of <ets>Magdalen</ets>, OE. <ets>Maudeleyne</ets>, who is drawn by painters with eyes swelled and red with weeping.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tearful; easily moved to tears; exciting to tears; excessively sentimental; weak and silly.</def> "<i>Maudlin</i> eyes." <i>Dryden</i>. "<i>Maudlin</i> eloquence." <i>Roscommon</i>. "A <i>maudlin</i> poetess." <i>Pope</i>. "<i>Maudlin</i> crowd." <i>Southey</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Drunk, or somewhat drunk; fuddled; given to drunkenness.</def>

<blockquote><b>Maudlin</b> Clarence in his malmsey butt.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Maudlin, Maudeline</h1>
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<hw><hw>Maud"lin</hw>, <hw>Maude"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An aromatic composite herb, the costmary; also, the South European <i>Achillea Ageratum</i>, a kind of yarrow.</def>

<h1>Muadlinism</h1>
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<hw>Muad"lin*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A maudlin state.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Maudlinwort</h1>
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<hw>Maud"lin*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The oxeye daisy.</def>

<h1>Mauger, Maugre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mau"ger</hw>, <hw>Mau"gre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>maugr\'82</ets>, <ets>malgr\'82</ets>, F. <ets>malgr\'82</ets>. See <er>Mal-</er>, <er>Malice</er>, and <er>Agree</er>.]</ety> <def>In spite of; in opposition to; notwithstanding.</def>

<blockquote>A man must needs love <b>maugre</b> his heed.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This <b>mauger</b> all the world will I keep safe.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Maugre</h1>
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<hw>Mau"gre</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To defy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Webster.</i>

<h1>Maukin</h1>
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<hw>Mau"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>See <er>Malkin</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hare.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Maul</h1>
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<hw>Maul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mall</er> a hammer.]</ety> <def>A heavy wooden hammer or beetle.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mall</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Maul</h1>
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<hw>Maul</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mauled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mauling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat and bruise with a heavy stick or cudgel; to wound in a coarse manner.</def>

<blockquote>Meek modern faith to murder, hack, and <b>maul</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To injure greatly; to do much harm to.</def>

<blockquote>It <b>mauls</b> not only the person misrepreseted, but him also to whom he is misrepresented.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Maule</h1>
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<hw>Maule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common mallow.</def>

<h1>Mauling</h1>
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<hw>Maul"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A severe beating with a stick, cudgel, or the fist.</def>

<h1>Maul-stick</h1>
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<hw>Maul"-stick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>malerstock</ets>; <ets>maler</ets> a painter + <ets>stock</ets> stick.]</ety> <def>A stick used by painters as a rest for the hand while working.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mahl-stick</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Maumet</h1>
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<hw>Mau"met</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mawmet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Maunch</h1>
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<hw>Maunch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To munch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Maunch</h1>
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<hw>Maunch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Manche</er>.</def>

<h1>Maund</h1>
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<hw>Maund</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>mand</ets>, <ets>mond</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hand basket.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Herrick.</i>

<h1>Maund</h1>
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<hw>Maund</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind, & Per. <ets>man</ets>.]</ety> <def>An East Indian weight, varying in different localities from 25 to about 82 pounds avoirdupois.</def>

<h1>Maund, Maunder</h1>
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<hw><hw>Maund</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Maund"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mendier</ets> to beg, E. <ets>mendicant</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To beg.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson. Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mutter; to mumble; to grumble; to speak indistinctly or disconnectedly; to talk incoherently.</def>

<blockquote>He was ever <b>maundering</b> by the how that he met a party of scarlet devils.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Maunder</h1>
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<hw>Maund"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter in a grumbling manner; to mutter.</def>

<h1>Maunder</h1>
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<hw>Maund"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A beggar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Maunderer</h1>
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<hw>Maund"er*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who maunders.</def>

<h1>Maundril</h1>
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<hw>Maun"dril</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Mandrel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Coa<?/ Mining)</fld> <def>A pick with two prongs, to pry with.</def>

<h1>Maundy Thursday</h1>
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<hw>Maun"dy Thurs"day</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[OE. <ets>maunde</ets> a command, OF. <ets>mand\'82</ets>, L. <ets>mandatum</ets>, from <ets>mandare</ets> to command. See called from the ancient custom of washing the feet of the poor on this day, which was taken to be the fulfillment of the "new commandment," <i>John xiii. 5, 34</i>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The Thursday in Passion week, or next before Good Friday.</def>

<h1>Maungy</h1>
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<hw>Maun"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mangy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Mauresque</h1>
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<hw>Mau*resque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Moresque</er>.</def>

<h1>Maurist</h1>
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<hw>Maur"ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Maurus</ets>, the favorite disciple of St. Benedict.]</ety> <def>A member of the Congregation of Saint Maur, an offshoot of the Benedictines, originating in France in the early part of the seventeenth century. The <i>Maurists</i> have been distinguished for their interest in literature.</def>

<h1>Mausolean</h1>
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<hw>Mau`so*le"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Mausoleus</ets>. See <er>Mausoleum</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a mausoleum; monumental.</def>

<h1>Mausoleum</h1>
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<hw>Mau`so*le"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Mausoleums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>-lea</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>mausoleum</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ Mausolus, king of Caria, to whom Artemisia, his widow, erected a stately monument.]</ety> <def>A magnificent tomb, or stately sepulchral monument.</def>

<h1>Mauther</h1>
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<hw>Mau"ther</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>m\'91g<?/</ets> a maid.]</ety> <altsp>[Also spelled <asp>mawther</asp>, <asp>mother</asp>.]</altsp> <def>A girl; esp., a great, awkward girl; a wench.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Mauvaniline</h1>
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<hw>Mauv`an"i*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Mauve aniline</cref>, under <er>Mauve</er>.</def>

<h1>Mauve</h1>
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<hw>Mauve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., mallow, L. <ets>malva</ets>. So named from the similarity of the color to that of the petals of common mallow, <ets>Malva sylvestri</ets>s. See <er>Mallow</er>.]</ety> <def>A color of a delicate purple, violet, or lilac.</def>

<cs><col>Mauve aniline</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a dyestuff produced artificially by the oxidation of commercial aniline, and the first discovered of the so-called <i>coal-tar<i>, or <i>aniline<i>, <i>dyes<i>. It consists of the sulphate of mauve\'8bne, and is a dark brown or bronze amorphous powder, which dissolves to a beatiful purple color. Called also <altname>aniline purple</altname>, <altname>violine</altname>, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mauve\'8bne</h1>
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<hw>Mauve"\'8bne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An artificial organic base, obtained by oxidizing a mixture of aniline and toluidine, and valuable for the dyestuffs it forms.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mauvine</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mauvine</h1>
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<hw>Mauv"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mauve-colored.</def>

<h1>Maverick</h1>
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<hw>Mav"er*ick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>In the southwestern part of the united States, a bullock or heifer that has not been branded, and is unclaimed or wild; -- said to be from <i>Maverick</i>, the name of a cattle owner in Texas who naglected to brand his cattle.</def>

<h1>Mavis</h1>
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<hw>Ma"vis</hw> <tt>(m&amac;"v&icr;s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mauvis</ets>, Arm. <ets>milvid</ets>, <ets>milfid</ets>, <ets>milc'hhouid</ets>, Corn. <ets>melhuez</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European throstle or song thrush (<spn>Turdus musicus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Maw</h1>
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<hw>Maw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mew</er> a gull.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A gull.</def>

<h1>Maw</h1>
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<hw>Maw</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mawe</ets>, AS. <ets>maga</ets> stomach; akin to D. <ets>maag</ets>, OHG. <ets>mago</ets>, G. <ets>magen</ets>, Icel. <ets>magi</ets>, Sw. <ets>mage</ets>, Dan. <ets>mave</ets>. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A stomach; the receptacle into which food is taken by swallowing; in birds, the craw; -- now used only of the lower animals, exept humorously or in contempt.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Bellies and <b>maws</b> of living creatures.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Appetite; inclination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Unless you had more <b>maw</b> to do me good.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fish maw</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Fish</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Maw</h1>
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<hw>Maw</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An old game at cards.</def>

<i>Sir A. Weldon.</i>

<h1>Mawk</h1>
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<hw>Mawk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mauk</ets>, <ets>ma<?/ek</ets>, Icel. <ets>ma<?/kr</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>maddik</ets>, and E. <ets>mad</ets> an earthworm. See <er>Mad</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A maggot.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A slattern; a mawks.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Mawkin</h1>
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<hw>Maw"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Malkin</er>, and <er>Maukin</er>.</def>

<h1>Mawkingly</h1>
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<hw>Mawk"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Slatternly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mawkish</h1>
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<hw>Mawk"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Orig., maggoty. See <er>Mawk</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Apt to cause satiety or loathing; nauseous; disgusting.</def>

<blockquote>So sweetly <b>mawkish'</b>, and so smoothly dull.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Easily disgusted; squeamish; sentimentally fastidious.</def>

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<h1>Mawkishly</h1>
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<hw>Mawk"ish*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a mawkish way.</def>

<h1>Mawkishness</h1>
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<hw>Mawk"ish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being mawkish.</def>

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<h1>Mawks</h1>
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<hw>Mawks</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A slattern; a mawk.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Mawky</h1>
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<hw>Mawk"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Maggoty.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Mawmet</h1>
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<hw>Maw"met</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>Mahomet</ets>.]</ety> <def>A puppet; a doll; originally, an idol, because in the Middle Ages it was generally believed that the Mohammedans worshiped images representing Mohammed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif. Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Mawmetry</h1>
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<hw>Maw"met*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The religion of Mohammed; also, idolatry. See <er>Mawmet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mawmish</h1>
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<hw>Maw"mish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>mau</ets>m soft, mellow, rotten; cf. OD. <ets>molm</ets> rotten wood, G. <ets>mulm</ets>.]</ety> <def>Nauseous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>L' Estrange.</i>

<h1>Mawseed</h1>
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<hw>Maw"seed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>magsamen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The seed of the opium poppy.</def>

<h1>Mawworm</h1>
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<hw>Maw"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Maw</ets> the belly + <ets>worm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any intestinal worm found in the stomach, esp. the common round worm (<spn>Ascaris lumbricoides</spn>), and allied species.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the larv\'91 of botflies of horses; a bot.</def>

<h1>Maxilla</h1>
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<hw>Max*il"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Maxill\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>mala</ets> jaw, jawbone.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bone of either the upper or the under jaw.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The bone, or principal bone, of the upper jaw, the bone of the lower jaw being the <i>mandible</i>.</def> <mark>[Now commonly used in this restricted sense.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the lower or outer jaws of arthropods.</def>

<note>&hand; There are usually two pairs in Crustacea and one pair in insects. In certain insects they are not used as jaws, but may form suctorial organs. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Lepidoptera</er>, and <er>Diptera</er>.</note>

<hr>
<page="904">
Page 904<p>

<h1>Maxillar, Maxillary</h1>
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<hw><hw>Max"il*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Max"il*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>maxillaris</ets>, fr. <ets>maxilla</ets> jawbone, jaw: cf. F. <ets>maxillaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to either the upper or the lower jaw, but now usually applied to the upper jaw only.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The principal maxillary bone; the maxilla.</def></def2>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a maxilla.</def>

<h1>Maxilliform</h1>
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<hw>Max*il"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Maxilla</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>maxilliforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form, or structure, of a maxilla.</def>

<h1>Maxilliped</h1>
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<hw>Max*il"li*ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Maxilla</ets> + L. <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the mouth appendages of Crustacea, situated next behind the maxill\'91. Crabs have three pairs, but many of the lower Crustacea have but one pair of them. Called also <altname>jawfoot</altname>, and <altname>foot jaw</altname>.</def>

<h1>Maxillo-mandibular</h1>
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<hw>Max*il`lo-man*dib"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Maxilla</ets> +  <ets>mandibular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the maxilla and mandible; <as>as, the <ex>maxillo-mandibular</ex> nerve</as>.</def>

<h1>Maxillo-palatine</h1>
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<hw>Max*il`lo-pal"a*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Maxilla</ets> + <ets>palatine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the maxillary and palatine regions of the skull; <as>as, the <ex>maxillo-palatine</ex> process of the maxilla</as>. Also used as <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Maxilloturbinal</h1>
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<hw>Max*il`lo*tur`bi*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Maxilla</ets> + <ets>turbinal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the maxillary and turbinal regions of the skull.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The maxillo-turbinal, or inferior turbinate, bone.</def></def2>

<h1>Maxim</h1>
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<hw>Max"im</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>maxime</ets>, L. <ets>maxima</ets> (sc. <ets>sententia</ets>), the greatest sentence, proposition, or axiom, i. e., of the greatest weight or authority, fem. fr. <ets>maximus</ets> greatest, superl. of <ets>magnus</ets> great. See <er>Magnitude</er>, and cf. <er>Maximum</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An established principle or proposition; a condensed proposition of important practical truth; an axiom of practical wisdom; an adage; a proverb; an aphorism.</def>

<blockquote>'T is their <b>maxim</b>, Love is love's reward.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The longest note formerly used, equal to two longs, or four breves; a large.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Axiom; aphorism; apothegm; adage; proverb; saying. See <er>Axiom</er>.</syn>

<h1>Maximilian</h1>
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<hw>Max`i*mil"ian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the proper name.]</ety> <def>A gold coin of Bavaria, of the value of about 13s. 6d. sterling, or about three dollars and a quarter.</def>

<h1>Maximization</h1>
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<hw>Max`i*mi*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of increasing to the highest degree.</def>

<i>Bentham.</i>

<h1>Maximize</h1>
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<hw>Max"i*mize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>maximus</ets> greatest.]</ety> <def>To increase to the highest degree.</def>

<i>Bentham.</i>

<h1>Maximum</h1>
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<hw>Max"i*mum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Maxima</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., neut. from <ets>maximus</ets> the greatest. See <er>Maxim</er>.]</ety> <def>The greatest quantity or value attainable in a given case; or, the greatest value attained by a quantity which first increases and then begins to decrease; the highest point or degree; -- opposed to <ant>minimum</ant>.</def>

<blockquote>Good legislation is the art of conducting a nation to the <b>maximum</b> of happiness, and the minimum of misery.
<i>P. Colquhoun.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Maximum thermometer</col>, <cd>a thermometer that registers the highest degree of temperature attained in a given time, or since its last adjustment.</cd></cs>

<h1>Maximum</h1>
<Xpage=904>

<hw>Max"i*mum</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Greatest in quantity or highest in degree attainable or attained; <as>as, a <ex>maximum</ex> consumption of fuel; <ex>maximum</ex> pressure; <ex>maximum</ex> heat.</as></def>

<h1>May</h1>
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<hw>May</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Might</er> <tt>(?)</tt>]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. pres. <ets>m\'91g</ets> I am able, pret. <ets>meahte</ets>, <ets>mihte</ets>; akin to D. <ets>mogen</ets>, G. <ets>m\'94gen</ets>, OHG. <ets>mugan</ets>, <ets>magan</ets>, Icel. <ets>mega</ets>, Goth. <ets>magan</ets>, Russ. <ets>moche</ets>. <?/. Cf. <er>Dismay</er>, <er>Main</er> strength, <er>Might</er>. The old imp. <ets>mought</ets> is obsolete, except as a provincial word.]</ety> <def>An auxiliary verb qualifyng the meaning of another verb, by expressing: <sd>(a)</sd> Ability, competency, or possibility; -- now oftener expressed by <i>can</i>.</def>

<blockquote>How <b>may</b> a man, said he, with idle speech,
Be won to spoil the castle of his health !
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For what he [the king] <b>may</b> do is of two kinds; what he <b>may</b> do as just, and what he <b>may</b> do as possible.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For of all sad words of tongue or pen
The saddest are these: "It <b>might</b> have been."
<i>Whittier.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Liberty; permission; allowance.</cd>

<blockquote>Thou <b>mayst</b> be no longer steward.
<i>Luke xvi. 2.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>Contingency or liability; possibility or probability.</cd>

<blockquote>Though what he learns he speaks, and <b>may</b> advance
Some general maxims, or be right by chance.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>Modesty, courtesy, or concession, or a desire to soften a question or remark.</cd>

<blockquote>How old <b>may</b> Phillis be, you ask.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(e)</sd> <cd>Desire or wish, as in prayer, imprecation, benediction, and the like.</cd> "<i>May</i> you live happily."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>May be</col>, &and; <col>It may be</col></mcol>, <cd>are used as equivalent to <i>possibly<i>, <i>perhaps<i>, <i>by chance<i>, <i>peradventure<i>. See 1st <er>Maybe</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>May</h1>
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<hw>May</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>m\'91r</ets>, Goth. <ets>mawi</ets>; akin to E. <ets>maiden</ets>. <?/.]</ety> <def>A maiden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>May</h1>
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<hw>May</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>Mai</ets>, L. <ets>Maius</ets>; so named in honor of the goddess <ets>Maia</ets> (Gr. <?/), daughter of Atlas and mother of Mercury by Jupiter.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fifth month of the year, containing thirty-one days.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The early part or springtime of life.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>May</b> of youth, and bloom of lustihood.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The flowers of the hawthorn; -- so called from their time of blossoming; also, the hawthorn.</def>

<blockquote>The palm and <b>may</b> make country houses gay.
<i>Nash.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Plumes that micked the <b>may</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The merrymaking of May Day.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<cs><col>Italian may</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a shrubby species of <spn>Spir\'91a</spn> (<spn>S. hypericifolia</spn>) with many clusters of small white flowers along the slender branches.</cd> -- <col>May apple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the fruit of an American plant (<spn>Podophyllum peltatum</spn>). Also, the plant itself (popularly called <altname>mandrake</altname>), which has two lobed leaves, and bears a single egg-shaped fruit at the forking. The root and leaves, used in medicine, are powerfully drastic.</cd> -- <mcol><col>May beetle</col>, <col>May bug</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of numerous species of large lamellicorn beetles that appear in the winged state in May. They belong to <spn>Melolontha</spn>, and allied genera. Called also <altname>June beetle</altname>.</cd> -- <col>May Day</col>, <cd>the first day of May; -- celebrated in the rustic parts of England by the crowning of a May queen with a garland, and by dancing about a May pole.</cd> -- <col>May dew</col>, <cd>the morning dew of the first day of May, to which magical properties were attributed.</cd> -- <col>May flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant that flowers in May; also, its blossom. See <er>Mayflower</er>, in the vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>May fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of <spn>Ephemera</spn>, and allied genera; -- so called because the mature flies of many species appear in May. See <cref>Ephemeral fly</cref>, under <er>Ephemeral</er>.</cd> -- <col>May game</col>, <cd>any May-day sport.</cd> -- <col>May lady</col>, <cd>the queen or lady of May, in old May games.</cd> -- <col>May lily</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the lily of the valley (<spn>Convallaria majalis</spn>).</cd> -- <col>May pole</col>. <cd>See <er>Maypole</er> in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>May queen</col>, <cd>a girl or young woman crowned queen in the sports of May Day.</cd> -- <col>May thorn</col>, <cd>the hawthorn.</cd></cs>

<h1>Maya</h1>
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<hw>Ma"ya</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Hindoo Philos.)</fld> <def>The name for the doctrine of the unreality of matter, called, in English, <i>idealism</i>; hence, nothingness; vanity; illusion.</def>

<h1>Maybe</h1>
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<hw>May"be</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>it may be</ets>.]</ety> <def>Perhaps; possibly; peradventure.</def>

<blockquote><b>Maybe</b> the amorous count solicits her.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In a liberal and, <b>maybe</b>, somewhat reckless way.
<i>Tylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Maybe</h1>
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<hw>May"be</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Possible; probable, but not sure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Then add those <b>maybe</b> years thou hast to live.
<i>Driden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Maybe</h1>
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<hw>May"be</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Possibility; uncertainty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>What they offer is mere <b>maybe</b> and shift.
<i>Creech.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Maybird</h1>
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<hw>May"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The whimbrel; -- called also <altname>May fowl</altname>, <altname>May curlew</altname>, and <altname>May whaap</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The knot.</def> <mark>[Southern U. S.]</mark> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The bobolink.</def>

<h1>Maybloom</h1>
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<hw>May"bloom`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The hawthorn.</def>

<h1>Maybush</h1>
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<hw>May"bush`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The hawthorn.</def>

<h1>Mayduke</h1>
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<hw>May"duke`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupt. of <ets>M\'82doc</ets>, a province in France, where it is supposed to have originated.]</ety> <def>A large dark-red cherry of excellent quality.</def>

<h1>Mayfish</h1>
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<hw>May"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A common American minnow (<spn>Fundulus majalis</spn>). See <er>Minnow</er>.</def>

<h1>Mayflower</h1>
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<hw>May"flow`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>In England, the hawthorn; in New England, the trailing arbutus (see <er>Arbutus</er>); also, the blossom of these plants.</def>

<h1>Mayhap</h1>
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<hw>May"hap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Perhaps; peradventure.</def> <mark>[Prov. or Dialectic]</mark>

<h1>Mayhem</h1>
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<hw>May"hem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The same as <ets>maim</ets>. See <er>Maim</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The maiming of a person by depriving him of the use of any of his members which are necessary for defense or protection. See <er>Maim</er>.</def>

<h1>Maying</h1>
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<hw>May"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The celebrating of May Day.</def> "He met her once a-<i>Maying</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Mayonnaise</h1>
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<hw>Ma`yon`naise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A sauce compounded of raw yolks of eggs beaten up with olive oil to the consistency of a sirup, and seasoned with vinegar, pepper, salt, etc.; -- used in dressing salads, fish, etc. Also, a dish dressed with this sauce.</def>

<h1>Mayor</h1>
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<hw>May"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>maire</ets>, F. <ets>maire</ets>, fr. L. <ets>major</ets> greater, higher, nobler, compar. of <ets>magnus</ets> great; cf. Sp. <ets>mayor</ets>. See <er>Major</er>, and cf. <er>Merino</er>.]</ety> <def>The chief magistrate of a city or borough; the chief officer of a municipal corporation. In some American cities there is a city court of which the major is chief judge.</def>

<h1>Mayoral</h1>
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<hw>May"or*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. <ets>mayor</ets> greater, L. <ets>major</ets>.]</ety> <def>The conductir of a mule team; also, a head shepherd.</def>

<h1>Mayoralty</h1>
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<hw>May"or*al*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office, or the term of office, of a mayor.</def>

<h1>Mayoress</h1>
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<hw>May"or*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The wife of a mayor.</def>

<h1>Mayorship</h1>
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<hw>May"or*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a mayor.</def>

<h1>Maypole</h1>
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<hw>May"pole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tall pole erected in an open place and wreathed with flowers, about which the rustic May-day sports were had.</def>

<h1>Maypop</h1>
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<hw>May"pop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. corrupt. fr. <ets>maracock</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The edible fruit of a passion flower, especially that of the North American <i>Passiflora incarnata</i>, an oval yellowish berry as large as a small apple.</def>

<h1>Mayweed</h1>
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<hw>May"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A composite plant (<spn>Anthemis Cotula</spn>), having a strong odor; dog's fennel. It is a native of Europe, now common by the roadsides in the United States.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The feverfew.</def>

<h1>Mazama, Mazame</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ma*za"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ma*za"me</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A goatlike antelope (<spn>Haplocerus montanus</spn>) which inhabits the Rocky Mountains, frequenting the highest parts; -- called also <altname>mountain goat</altname>.</def>

<h1>Mazard</h1>
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<hw>Maz"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>merise</ets> a wild cherry.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of small black cherry.</def>

<h1>Mazard</h1>
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<hw>Maz"ard</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>mazer</ets>, the head being compared to a large goblet.]</ety> <def>The jaw; the head or skull.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mazard</h1>
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<hw>Maz"ard</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <def>To knock on the head.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mazarine</h1>
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<hw>Maz`a*rine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Cardinal <i>Mazarin</i>, prime minister of France, 1643-1661.</def>

<cs><col>Mazarine Bible</col>, <cd>the first Bible, and perhaps the first complete book, printed with movable metal types; -- printed by Gutenberg at Mentz, 1450-55; -- so called because a copy was found in the Mazarine Library, at Paris, about 1760.</cd> -- <col>Mazarine blue</col>, <cd>a deep blue color, named in honor of Cardinal Mazarin.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mazarine</h1>
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<hw>Maz`a*rine"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mazarine blue.</def>

<h1>Mazdean</h1>
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<hw>Maz"de*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Ahura-<i>Mazda</i>, or Ormuzd, the beneficent deity in the Zoroastrian dualistic system; hence, Zoroastrian.</def>

<h1>Mazdeism</h1>
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<hw>Maz"de*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Zoroastrian religion.</def>

<h1>Maze</h1>
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<hw>Maze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mase</ets>; cf. OE. <ets>masen</ets> to confuse, puzzle, Norweg. <ets>masast</ets> to fall into a slumber, <ets>masa</ets> to be continually busy, prate, chatter, Icel. <ets>masa</ets> to chatter, dial. Sw. <ets>masa</ets> to bask, be slow, work slowly and lazily, <ets>mas</ets> slow, lazy.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wild fancy; a confused notion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Confusion of thought; perplexity; uncertainty; state of bewilderment.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A confusing and baffling network, as of paths or passages; an intricacy; a labyrinth.</def> "Quaint <i>mazes</i> on the wanton green."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Or down the tempting <b>maze</b> of Shawford brook.
<i>Wordaworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ways of Heaven are dark and intricate,
Puzzled with <b>mazes</b>, and perplexed with error.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Labyrinth; intricacy. See <er>Labyrinth</er>.</syn>

<h1>Maze</h1>
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<hw>Maze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mazed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mazing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To perplex greatly; to bewilder; to astonish and confuse; to amaze.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Maze</h1>
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<hw>Maze</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be bewildered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mazedness</h1>
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<hw>Maz"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being mazed; confusion; astonishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mazeful</h1>
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<hw>Maze"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mazy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Mazer</h1>
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<hw>Maz"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>maser</ets>, akin to OD. <ets>maser</ets> an excrescence on a maple tree, OHG. <ets>masar</ets>, G. <ets>maser</ets> spot, Icel. <ets>m\'94surr</ets> maple.]</ety> <def>A large drinking bowl; -- originally made of maple.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Their brimful <b>mazers</b> to the feasting bring.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mazily</h1>
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<hw>Ma"zi*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a mazy manner.</def>

<h1>Maziness</h1>
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<hw>Ma"zi*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being mazy.</def>

<h1>Mazological</h1>
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<hw>Maz`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to mazology.</def>

<h1>Mazologist</h1>
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<hw>Ma*zol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in mazology or mastology.</def>

<h1>Mazology</h1>
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<hw>Ma*zol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the breast + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Mastology</er>.</def>

<h1>Mazourka, Mazurka</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ma*zour"ka</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ma*zur"ka</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Polish dance, or the music which accompanies it, usually in 3-4 or 3-8 measure, with a strong accent on the second beat.</def>

<h1>Mazy</h1>
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<hw>Ma"zy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Maze</er>.]</ety> <def>Perplexed with turns and windings; winding; intricate; confusing; perplexing; embarrassing; <as>as, <ex>mazy</ex> error</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>To range amid the <b>mazy</b> thicket.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To run the ring, and trace the <b>mazy</b> round.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Me</h1>
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<hw>Me</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <def>One. See <er>Men</er>, <i>pron</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Me</h1>
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<hw>Me</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pers. pron.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m<?/</ets>, dat. & acc., <ets>mec</ets>, acc. only ; akin to D. <ets>mij</ets>, G. <ets>mich</ets>, Icel. & Goth. <ets>mik</ets>, L. <ets>me</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, Skr. <ets>m\'be</ets>, <ets>m\'bem</ets>. <?/. Cf. 2d <er>Mine</er>.]</ety> <def>The person speaking, regarded as an object; myself; a pronoun of the first person used as the objective and dative case of the pronoum I; <as>as, he struck <ex>me</ex>; he gave <ex>me</ex> the money, or he gave the money to <ex>me</ex>; he got <ex>me</ex> a hat, or he got a hat for <ex>me</ex>.</as></def>

<note>&hand; In <i>methinks</i>, <i>me</i> is properly in the dative case, and the verb is impersonal, the construction being, <i>it appears to me</i>. In early use <i>me</i> was often placed before forms of the verb <i>to be</i> with an adjective; as, <i>me</i> were lief.</note>

<blockquote><b>Me</b> rather had my heart might frrl your love
Than my unpleased eye see your courtesy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Meach</h1>
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<hw>Meach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To skulk; to cower. See <er>Mich</er>.</def>

<h1>Meacock</h1>
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<hw>Mea"cock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>meek + cock</ets>.]</ety> <def>An uxorious, effeminate, or spiritless man.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Mead</h1>
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<hw>Mead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mede</ets>, AS. <ets>meodo</ets>; akin to D. <ets>mede</ets>, G. <ets>met</ets>, <ets>meth</ets>, OHG. <ets>metu</ets>, <ets>mitu</ets>, Icel. <ets>mj\'94<?/r</ets>, Dan. <ets>mi\'94d</ets>, Sw. <ets>mj\'94d</ets>, Russ. <ets>med'</ets>, Lith. <ets>midus</ets>, W. <ets>medd</ets>, Gr. <?/ wine, Skr. <ets>madhu</ets> honey, a sweet drink, as adj., sweet. <?/. Cf. <er>Metheglin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fermented drink made of water and honey with malt, yeast, etc.; metheglin; hydromel.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A drink composed of sirup of sarsaparilla or other flavoring extract, and water. It is sometimes charged with carbonic acid gas.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Mead</h1>
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<hw>Mead</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m<?/d</ets>. See <er>Meadow</er>.]</ety> <def>A meadow.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>mede</b>
All full of freshe flowers, white and reede.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To fertile vales and dewy <b>meads</b>
My weary, wandering steps he leads.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Meadow</h1>
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<hw>Mead"ow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>meady</ets>; akin to <ets>m<?/d</ets>, and to G. <ets>matte</ets>; prob. also to E. <ets>mow</ets>. See <er>Mow</er> to cut (grass), and cf. 2d <er>Mead</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tract of low or level land producing grass which is mown for hay; any field on which grass is grown for hay.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Low land covered with coarse grass or rank herbage near rives and in marshy places by the sea; <as>as, the salt <ex>meadows</ex> near Newark Bay</as>.</def>

<h1>Meadow</h1>
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<hw>Mead"ow</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a meadow; of the nature of a meadow; produced, growing, or living in, a meadow.</def> "Fat <i>meadow</i> ground."

<i>Milton.</i>

<note>&hand; For many names of plants compounded with <i>meadow</i>, see the particular word in the Vocabulary.</note>

<cs><col>Meadow beauty</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Deergrass</er>.</cd> -- <col>Meadow foxtail</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a valuable pasture grass (<spn>Alopecurus pratensis</spn>) resembling timothy, but with softer spikes.</cd> -- <col>Meadow grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to several grasses of the genus <spn>Poa</spn>, common in meadows, and of great value for nay and for pasture. See <er>Grass</er>.</cd> -- <col>Meadow hay</col>, <cd>a coarse grass, or true sedge, growing in uncultivated swamp or river meadow; -- used as fodder or bedding for cattle, packing for ice, etc.</cd> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Meadow hen</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The American bittern</cd>. See <er>Stake-driver</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The American coot (<spn>Fulica</spn>).</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The clapper rail.</cd> -- <col>Meadow lark</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of <spn>Sturnella</spn>, a genus of American birds allied to the starlings. The common species (<spn>S. magna</spn>) has a yellow breast with a black crescent.</cd> -- <col>Meadow mouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any mouse of the genus <spn>Arvicola</spn>, as the common American species <spn>A. riparia</spn>; -- called also <altname>field mouse</altname>, and <altname>field vole</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Meadow mussel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American ribbed mussel (<spn>Modiola plicatula</spn>), very abundant in salt marshes.</cd> -- <col>Meadow ore</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>bog-iron ore , a kind of limonite.</cd> -- <col>Meadow parsnip</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Parsnip</er>.</cd> -- <col>Meadow pink</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Pink</er>.</cd> -- <col>Meadow pipit</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small singing bird of the genus <spn>Anthus</spn>, as <spn>A. pratensis</spn>, of Europe.</cd> -- <col>Meadow rue</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a delicate early plant, of the genus <spn>Thalictrum</spn>, having compound leaves and numerous white flowers. There are many species.</cd> -- <col>Meadow saffron</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Saffron</er>.</cd> -- <col>Meadow sage</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sage</er>.</cd> -- <col>Meadow saxifrage</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an umbelliferous plant of Europe (<spn>Silaus pratensis</spn>), somewhat resembling fennel.</cd> -- <col>Meadow snipe</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common or jack snipe.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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Page 905<p>

<h1>Meadowsweet, Meadowwort</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mead"ow*sweet`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mead"ow*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of several plants of the genus <spn>Spir\'91a</spn>, especially the white- or pink-flowered <spn>S. salicifolia</spn>, a low European and American shrub, and the herbaceous <spn>S. Ulmaria</spn>, which has fragrant white flowers in compound cymes.</def>

<h1>Meadowy</h1>
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<hw>Mead"ow*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to meadows; resembling, or consisting of, meadow.</def>

<h1>Meager, Meagre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mea"ger</hw>, <hw>Mea"gre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>merge</ets>, F. <ets>maigre</ets>, L. <ets>macer</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>mager</ets>, Icel. <ets>magr</ets>, and prob. to Gr. <?/ long. Cf. <er>Emaciate</er>, <er>Maigre</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitue of, or having little, flesh; lean.</def>

<blockquote><b>Meager</b> were his looks;
Sharp misery had worn him to the bones.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destitute of richness, fertility, strength, or the like; defective in quantity, or poor in quality; poor; barren; scanty in ideas; wanting strength of diction or affluence of imagery.</def> "<i>Meager</i> soil."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Of secular habits and <b>meager</b> religious belief.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His education had been but <b>meager</b>.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Dry and harsh to the touch, as chalk.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Thin; lean; lank; gaunt; starved; hungry; poor; emaciated; scanty; barren.</syn>

<h1>Meager, Meagre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mea"ger</hw>, <hw>Mea"gre</hw><hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make lean.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Meagerly, Meagrely</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mea"ger*ly</hw>, <hw>Mea"gre*ly</hw><hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Poorly; thinly.</def>

<h1>Meagerness, Meagreness</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mea"ger*ness</hw>, <hw>Mea"gre*ness</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being meager; leanness; scantiness; barrenness.</def>

<h1>Meagre</h1>
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<hw>Mea"gre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>maigre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large European sci\'91noid fish (<spn>Sci\'91na umbra</spn> or <spn>S. aquila</spn>), having white bloodless flesh. It is valued as a food fish.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>maigre</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Meak</h1>
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<hw>Meak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>m<?/ce</ets> sword, OS. <ets>m\'beki</ets>, Icel. <ets>m\'91kir</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hook with a long handle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Meaking</h1>
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<hw>Meak"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Meak</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The process of picking out the oakum from the seams of a vessel which is to be recalked.</def>

<cs><col>Meaking iron</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the tool with which old oakum is picked out of a vessel's seams.</cd></cs>

<h1>Meal</h1>
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<hw>Meal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mele</ets>, AS. <ets>m<?/l</ets> part, portion, portion of time; akin to E. <ets>meal</ets> a repast. Cf. <er>Piecemeal</er>.]</ety> <def>A part; a fragment; a portion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Meal</h1>
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<hw>Meal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mel</ets>; akin to E. <ets>meal</ets> a part, and to D. <ets>maal</ets> time, meal, G. <ets>mal</ets> time, <ets>mahl</ets> meal, Icel. <ets>m\'bel</ets> measure, time, meal, Goth. <ets>m<?/l</ets> time, and to E. <ets>measure</ets>. See <er>Measure</er>.]</ety> <def>The portion of food taken at a particular time for the satisfaction of appetite; the quantity usually taken at one time with the purpose of satisfying hunger; a repast; the ac<?/ or time of eating a meal; <as>as, the traveler has not eaten a good <ex>meal</ex> for a week; there was silence during the <ex>meal</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>What strange fish
Hath made his <b>meal</b> on thee ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Meal</h1>
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<hw>Meal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mele</ets>, AS. <ets>melu</ets>, <ets>melo</ets>; akin to D. <ets>meel</ets>, G. <ets>mehl</ets>, OHG. <ets>melo</ets>, Icel. <ets>mj\'94l</ets>, SW. <ets>mj\'94l</ets>, Dan. <ets>meel</ets>, also to D. <ets>malen</ets> to grind, G. <ets>mahlen</ets>, OHG., OS., & Goth. <ets>malan</ets>, Icel. <ets>mala</ets>, W. <ets>malu</ets>, L. <ets>molere</ets>, Gr. <?/ mill, and E. <ets>mill</ets>. <?/. Cf. <er>Mill</er>, <er>Mold</er> soil, <er>Mole</er> an animal, <er>Immolate</er>, <er>Molar</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Grain (esp. maize, rye, or oats) that is coarsely ground and unbolted; also, a kind of flour made from beans, pease, etc.; sometimes, any flour, esp. if coarse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any substance that is coarsely pulverized like meal, but not granulated.</def>

<cs><col>Meal beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the adult of the meal worm. See <cref>Meal worm</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Meal moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a lepidopterous insect (<spn>Asopia farinalis</spn>), the larv\'91 of which feed upon meal, flour, etc.</cd> -- <col>Meal worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of a beetle (<spn>Tenebrio molitor</spn>) which infests granaries, bakehouses, etc., and is very injurious to flour and meal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Meal</h1>
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<hw>Meal</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sprinkle with, or as with, meal.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pulverize; <as>as, <ex>mealed</ex> powder</as>.</def>

<h1>Mealies</h1>
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<hw>Meal"ies</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Mealy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Maize or Indian corn; -- the common name in South Africa.</def>

<h1>Mealiness</h1>
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<hw>Meal"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being mealy.</def>

<h1>Meal-mouthed</h1>
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<hw>Meal"-mouthed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Mealy-mouthed</er>.</def>

<h1>Mealtime</h1>
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<hw>Meal"time`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The usual time of eating a meal.</def>

<h1>Mealy</h1>
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<hw>Meal"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Mealier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Mealiest</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the qualities of meal; resembling meal; soft, dry, and friable; easily reduced to a condition resembling meal; <as>as, a <ex>mealy</ex> potato</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Overspread with something that resembles meal; <as>as, the <ex>mealy</ex> wings of an insect</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Mealy bug</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Coccus adonidum</spn>, and related species), covered with a white powderlike substance. It is a common pest in hothouses.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mealy-mouthed</h1>
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<hw>Meal"y-mouthed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Using soft words; plausible; affectedly or timidly delicate of speech; unwilling to tell the truth in plain language.</def> "<i>Mealy-mouthed</i> philanthropies."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>She was a fool to be <b>mealy-mouthed</b> where nature speaks so plain.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Meal"y-mouth`ness</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mean</h1>
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<hw>Mean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Meant</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Meaning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>menen</ets>, AS. <ets>m&aemac;nan</ets> to recite, tell, intend, wish; akin to OS. <ets>m&emac;nian</ets> to have in mind, mean, D. <ets>meenen</ets>, G. <ets>meinen</ets>, OHG. <ets>meinan</ets>, Icel. <ets>meina</ets>, Sw. <ets>mena</ets>, Dan. <ets>mene</ets>, and to E. <ets>mind</ets>. <?/. See <er>Mind</er>, and cf. <er>Moan</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have in the mind, as a purpose, intention, etc.; to intend; to purpose; to design; <as>as, what do you <ex>mean</ex> to do ?</as></def>

<blockquote>What <b>mean</b> ye by this service ?
<i>Ex. xii. 26.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ye thought evil against me; but God <b>meant</b> it unto good.
<i>Gen. 1. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am not a Spaniard
To say that it is yours and not to <b>mean</b> it.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To signify; to indicate; to import; to denote.</def>

<blockquote>What <b>mean</b> these seven ewe lambs ?
<i>Gen. xxi. 29.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Go ye, and learn what that <b>me<?/neth</b>.
<i>Matt. ix. 13.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mean</h1>
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<hw>Mean</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To have a purpose or intention.</def> <mark>[Rare, except in the phrase to mean well, or ill.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mean</h1>
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<hw>Mean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Meaner</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Meanest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>mene</ets>, AS. <ets>m<?/ne</ets> wicked; akin to <ets>m\'ben</ets>, a., wicked, n., wickedness, OS. <ets>m<?/n</ets> wickedness, OHG. <ets>mein</ets>, G. <ets>meineid</ets> perjury, Icel. <ets>mein</ets> harm, hurt, and perh. to AS. <ets>gem<?/ne</ets> common, general, D. <ets>gemeen</ets>, G. <ets>gemein</ets>, Goth. <ets>gam\'a0ins</ets>, and L. <ets>communis</ets>. The AS. <ets>gem<?/ne</ets> prob. influenced the meaning.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of distinction or eminence; common; low; vulgar; humble.</def> "Of <i>mean</i> parentage."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>mean</b> man boweth down, and the great man humbleth himself.
<i>Is. ii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wanting dignity of mind; low-minded; base; destitute of honor; spiritless; <as>as, a <ex>mean</ex> motive</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Can you imagine I so <b>mean</b> could prove,
To save my life by changing of my love ?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of little value or account; worthy of little or no regard; contemptible; despicable.</def>

<blockquote>The Roman legions and great C\'91sar found
Our fathers no <b>mean</b> foes.
<i>J. Philips.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Of poor quality; <as>as, <ex>mean</ex> fare</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Penurious; stingy; close-fisted; illiberal; <as>as, <ex>mean</ex> hospitality</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Mean</i> is sometimes used in the formation of compounds, the sense of which is obvious without explanation; as, <i>mean</i>born, <i>mean</i>-looking, etc.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Base; ignoble; abject; beggarly; wretched; degraded; degenerate; vulgar; vile; servile; menial; spiritless; groveling; slavish; dishonorable; disgraceful; shameful; despicable; contemptible; paltry; sordid. See <er>Base</er>.</syn>

<h1>Mean</h1>
<Xpage=905>

<hw>Mean</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mene</ets>, OF. <ets>meiien</ets>, F. <ets>moyen</ets>, fr. L. <ets>medianus</ets> that is in the middle, fr. <ets>medius</ets>; akin to E. <ets>mid</ets>. See <er>Mid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Occupying a middle position; middle; being about midway between extremes.</def>

<blockquote>Being of middle age and a <b>mean</b> stature.
<i>Sir. P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Intermediate in excellence of any kind.</def>

<blockquote>According to the fittest style of lofty, <b>mean</b>, or lowly.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Average; having an intermediate value between two extremes, or between the several successive values of a variable quantity during one cycle of variation; <as>as, <ex>mean</ex> distance; <ex>mean</ex> motion; <ex>mean</ex> solar day.</as></def>

<cs><col>Mean distance</col> (of a planet from the sun) <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the average of the distances throughout one revolution of the planet, equivalent to the semi-major axis of the orbit.</cd> -- <col>Mean error</col> <fld>(Math. Phys.)</fld>, <cd>the average error of a number of observations found by taking the mean value of the positive and negative errors without regard to sign.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Mean-square error</col>, &or; <col>Error of the mean square</col></mcol> <fld>(Math. Phys.)</fld>, <cd>the error the square of which is the mean of the squares of all the errors; -- called also, especially by European writers, <altname>mean error</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Mean line</col>. <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Bisectrix</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mean noon</col>, <cd>noon as determined by mean time.</cd> -- <col>Mean proportional</col> (between two numbers) <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the square root of their product.</cd> -- <col>Mean sun</col>, <cd>a fictitious sun supposed to move uniformly in the equator so as to be on the meridian each day at mean noon.</cd> -- <col>Mean time</col>, <cd>time as measured by an equable motion, as of a perfect clock, or as reckoned on the supposition that all the days of the year are of a mean or uniform length, in contradistinction from <i>apparent<i> time, or that actually indicated by the sun, and from <i>sidereal<i> time, or that measured by the stars.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mean</h1>
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<hw>Mean</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is mean, or intermediate, between two extremes of place, time, or number; the middle point or place; middle rate or degree; mediocrity; medium; absence of extremes or excess; moderation; measure.</def>

<blockquote>But to speak in a <b>mean</b>, the virtue of prosperity is temperance; the virtue of adversity is fortitude.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is a <b>mean</b> in all things.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The extremes we have mentioned, between which the wellinstracted Christian holds the <b>mean</b>, are correlatives.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A quantity having an intermediate value between several others, from which it is derived, and of which it expresses the resultant value; usually, unless otherwise specified, it is the simple average, formed by adding the quantities together and dividing by their number, which is called an <i>arithmetical mean</i>. A <i>geometrical mean</i> is the square root of the product of the quantities.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That through which, or by the help of which, an end is attained; something tending to an object desired; intermediate agency or measure; necessary condition or coagent; instrument.</def>

<blockquote>Their virtuous conversation was a <b>mean</b> to work the conversion of the heathen to Christ.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You may be able, by this <b>mean</b>, to review your own scientific acquirements.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Philosophical doubt is not an end, but a <b>mean</b>.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In this sense the word is usually employed in the plural form <i>means</i>, and often with a singular attribute or predicate, as if a singular noun.</note>

<blockquote>By <b>this means</b> he had them more at vantage.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What other <b>means is</b> left unto us.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Hence: Resources; property, revenue, or the like, considered as the condition of easy livelihood, or an instrumentality at command for effecting any purpose; disposable force or substance.</def>

<blockquote>Your <b>means</b> are very slender, and your waste is great.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A part, whether alto or tenor, intermediate between the soprano and base; a middle part.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>mean</b> is drowned with your unruly base.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Meantime; meanwhile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A mediator; a go-between.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<blockquote>He wooeth her by <b>means</b> and by brokage.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>By all means</col>, <cd>certainly; without fail; <as>as, go, <ex>by all means<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>By any means</col>, <cd>in any way; possibly; at all.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>If <b>by any means</b> I might attain to the resurrection of the dead.
<i>Phil. iii. ll.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>By no means</col>, &or;  <col>By no manner of means</col>, not at all; certainly not; not in any degree.

<blockquote>The wine on this side of the lake is <b>by no means</b> so good as that on the other.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Meander</h1>
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<hw>Me*an"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Maeander</ets>, orig., a river in Phrygia, proverbial for its many windings, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>m\'82andre</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A winding, crooked, or involved course; <as>as, the <ex>meanders</ex> of the veins and arteries</as>.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<blockquote>While lingering rivers in <b>meanders</b> glide.
<i>Sir R. Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tortuous or intricate movement.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Fretwork. See <er>Fret</er>.</def>

<h1>Meander</h1>
<Xpage=905>

<hw>Me*an"der</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To wind, turn, or twist; to make flexuous.</def>

<i>Dryton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Meander</h1>
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<hw>Me*an"der</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Meandered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Meandering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To wind or turn in a course or passage; to be intricate.</def>

<blockquote>Five miles <b>meandering</b> with a mazy motion
Through wood and dale the sacred river ran.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Meandrian</h1>
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<hw>Me*an"dri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Maeandrius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>m\'82andrien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Winding; having many turns.</def>

<h1>Meandrina</h1>
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<hw>Me`an*dri"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.: cf. F. <ets>m\'82andrine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of corals with meandering grooves and ridges, including the brain corals.</def>

<h1>Meandrous, Meandry</h1>
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<hw><hw>Me*an"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Me*an"dry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Winding; flexuous.</def>

<h1>Meaning</h1>
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<hw>Mean"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is meant or intended; intent; purpose; aim; object; <as>as, a mischievous <ex>meaning</ex> was apparent</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If there be any good <b>meaning</b> towards you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is signified, whether by act lanquage; signification; sence; import; <as>as, the <ex>meaning</ex> of a hint</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sense; power of thinking.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

-- <wordforms><wf>Mean"ing*less</wf>, <tt>a.</tt> -- <wf>Mean"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Meanly</h1>
<Xpage=905>

<hw>Mean"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<er>Mean</er> middle.]</ety> <def>Moderately.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A man <b>meanly</b> learned himself, but not <b>meanly</b> affectioned to set forward learning in others.
<i>Ascham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Meanly</h1>
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<hw>Mean"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Mean</er> low.]</ety> <def>In a mean manner; unworthily; basely; poorly; ungenerously.</def>

<blockquote>While the heaven-born child
All <b>meanly</b> wrapt in the rude manger lies.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Would you <b>meanly</b> thus rely
On power you know I must obey ?
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We can not bear to have others think <b>meanly</b> of them [our kindred].
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Meanness</h1>
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<hw>Mean"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition, or quality, of being mean; want of excellence; poorness; lowness; baseness; sordidness; stinginess.</def>

<blockquote>This figure is of a later date, by the <b>meanness</b> of the workmanship.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mean act; <as>as, to be guilty of <ex>meanness</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Mean-spirited</h1>
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<hw>Mean"-spir`it*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a mean spirit; base; groveling.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mean"-spir`it*ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Meant</h1>
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<hw>Meant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Mean</er>.</def>

<h1>Meantime, Meanwhile</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mean"time`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mean"while`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The intervening time; <as>as, in the <ex>meantime</ex> (or <ex>mean time</ex>)</as>.</def>

<h1>Meantime, Meanwhile</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mean"time`</hw>, <hw>Mean"while`</hw>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the intervening time; during the interval.</def>

<h1>Mear</h1>
<Xpage=905>

<hw>Mear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A boundary. See <er>Mere</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mease</h1>
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<hw>Mease</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>mass</ets> measure.]</ety> <def>Five hundred; <as>as, a <ex>mease</ex> of herrings</as>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Measelry</h1>
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<hw>Mea"sel*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>meselrie</ets>, OF. <ets>mesellerie</ets>. See lst <er>Measle</er>.]</ety> <def>Leprosy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. of Brunne.</i>

<h1>Measle</h1>
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<hw>Mea"sle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mesel</ets>, OF. <ets>mesel</ets>, LL. <ets>misellus</ets>, L. <ets>misellus</ets> unfortunate, dim. of <ets>miser</ets>. See <er>Miser</er>.]</ety> <def>A leper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>meazel</asp>, and <asp>mesel</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Wyclif (Matt. x. 8. ).</i>

<h1>Measle</h1>
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<hw>Mea"sle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tapeworm larva. See 2d <er>Measles</er>, 4.</def>

<h1>Measled</h1>
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<hw>Mea"sled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Measles</er>.]</ety> <def>Infected or spotted with measles, as pork.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mea"sled*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Measles</h1>
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<hw>Mea"sles</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From lst <er>Measle</er>.]</ety> <def>Leprosy; also, a leper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Measles</h1>
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<hw>Mea"sles</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. in form, but used as <i>singular</i> in senses 1, 2, & 3</plu>. <ety>[D. <ets>mazelen</ets>; akin to G. <ets>masern</ets>, pl., and E. <ets>mazer</ets>, and orig. meaning, little spots. See <er>Mazer</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A contagious febrile disorder commencing with catarrhal symptoms, and marked by the appearance on the third day of an eruption of distinct red circular spots, which coalesce in a crescentic form, are slightly raised above the surface, and after the fourth day of the eruption gradually decline; rubeola.</def>

<blockquote><b>Measles</b> commences with the ordinary symptoms of fever.
<i>Am. Cyc.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="906">
Page 906<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Veter. Med.)</fld> <def>A disease of cattle and swine in which the flesh is filled with the embryos of different varieties of the tapeworm.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A disease of trees.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larv\'91 of any tapeworm (<spn>T\'91nia</spn>) in the cysticerus stage, when contained in meat. Called also <altname>bladder worms</altname>.</def>

<h1>Measly</h1>
<Xpage=906>

<hw>Mea"sly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Infected with measles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Containing larval tapeworms; -- said of pork and beef.</def>

<h1>Measurable</h1>
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<hw>Meas"ur*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mesurable</ets>, L. <ets>mensurabilis</ets>. See <er>Measure</er>, and cf. <er>Mensurable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being measured; susceptible of mensuration or computation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Moderate; temperate; not excessive.</def>

<blockquote>Of his diet <b>measurable</b> was he.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Meas"ur*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Meas"ur*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Yet do it <b>measurably</b>, as it becometh Christians.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Measure</h1>
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<hw>Meas"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mesure</ets>, F. <ets>mesure</ets>, L. <ets>mensura</ets>, fr. <ets>metiri</ets>, <ets>mensus</ets>, to measure; akin to <ets>metrum</ets> poetical measure, Gr. <?/, E. <ets>meter</ets>. Cf. <er>Immense</er>, <er>Mensuration</er>, <er>Mete</er> to measure.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A standard of dimension; a fixed unit of quantity or extent; an extent or quantity in the fractions or multiples of which anything is estimated and stated; hence, a rule by which anything is adjusted or judged.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument by means of which size or quantity is measured, as a graduated line, rod, vessel, or the like.</def>

<blockquote>False ells and <b>measures</b> be brought all clean adown.
<i>R. of Gloucester.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The dimensions or capacity of anything, reckoned according to some standard; size or extent, determined and stated; estimated extent; <as>as, to take one's <ex>measure</ex> for a coat</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>measure</b> thereof is longer than the earth, and broader than the sea.
<i>Job xi. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The contents of a vessel by which quantity is measured; a quantity determined by a standard; a stated or limited quantity or amount.</def>

<blockquote>It is like leaven which a woman took and hid in three <b>measures</b> of meal.
<i>Luke xiii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Extent or degree not excessive or beyong bounds; moderation; due restraint; esp. in the phrases, <i>in measure</i>; <i>with measure</i>; <i>without</i> or <i>beyond measure</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Hell hath enlarged herself, and opened her mouth without <b>measure</b>.
<i>Is. v. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Determined extent, not to be exceeded; limit; allotted share, as of action, influence, ability, or the like; due proportion.</def>

<blockquote>Lord, make me to know mine end, and the <b>measure</b> of my days.
<i>Ps. xxxix. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The quantity determined by measuring, especially in buying and selling; <as>as, to give good or full <ex>measure</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Undefined quantity; extent; degree.</def>

<blockquote>There is a great <b>measure</b> of discretion to be used in the performance of confession.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Regulated division of movement</def>: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Dancing)</fld> <def>A regulated movement corresponding to the time in which the accompanying music is performed; but, especially, a slow and stately dane, like the minuet</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> (1) <def>The group or grouping of beats, caused by the regular recurrence of accented beats</def>. (2) <def>The space between two bars</def>. See <er>Beat</er>, <er>Triple</er>, <er>Quadruple</er>, <er>Sextuple</er>, <cref>Compound time</cref>, under <er>Compound</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Figure</er>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Poetry)</fld> <def>The manner of ordering and combining the quantities, or long and short syllables; meter; rhythm; hence, a foot; <as>as, a poem in iambic <ex>measure</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>A number which is contained in a given number a number of times without a remainder; as in the phrases, the <i>common measure</i>, the <i>greatest common measure</i>, etc., of two or more numbers.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>A step or definite part of a progressive course or policy; a means to an end; an act designed for the accomplishment of an object; <as>as, political <ex>measures</ex>; prudent <ex>measures</ex>; an inefficient <ex>measure</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>His majesty found what wrong <b>measures</b> he had taken in the conferring that trust, and lamented his error.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>The act of measuring; measurement.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>13.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Beds or strata; <as>as, coal <ex>measures</ex>; lead <ex>measures</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Lineal</col>, &or; <col>Long</col>, <col>measure</col></mcol>, <cd>measure of length; the measure of lines or distances.</cd> -- <col>Liquid measure</col>, <cd>the measure of liquids.</cd> -- <col>Square measure</col>, <cd>the measure of superficial area of surfaces in square units, as inches, feet, miles, etc.</cd> -- <col>To have hard measure</col>, <cd>to have harsh treatment meted out to one; to be harshly or oppressively dealt with.</cd> -- <col>To take measures</col>, <cd>to make preparations; to provide means.</cd> -- <col>To take one's measure</col>, <cd>to measure one, as for a garment; hence, to form an opinion of one's disposition, character, ability, etc.</cd> -- <col>To tread a measure</col>, <cd>to dance in the style so called. See 9 <sd>(a)</sd>.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Say to her, we have measured many miles
<b>To tread a measure</b> with her on this grass.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Measure</h1>
<Xpage=906>

<hw>Meas"ure</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Measured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Measuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>mesurer</ets>, L. <ets>mensurare</ets>. See <er>Measure</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ascertain by use of a measuring instrument; to compute or ascertain the extent, quantity, dimensions, or capacity of, by a certain rule or standard; to take the dimensions of; hence, to estimate; to judge of; to value; to appraise.</def>

<blockquote>Great are thy works, Jehovah, infinite
Thy power! what thought can <b>measure</b> thee?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To serve as the measure of; <as>as, the thermometer <ex>measures</ex> changes of temperature</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pass throught or over in journeying, as if laying off and determining the distance.</def>

<blockquote>A true devoted pilgrim is not weary
To <b>measure</b> kingdoms with his feeble steps.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To adjust by a rule or standard.</def>

<blockquote>To secure a contented spirit, <b>measure</b> your desires by your fortunes, not your fortunes by your desires.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To allot or distribute by measure; to set off or apart by measure; -- often with <i>out</i> or <i>off</i>.</def>

<blockquote>With what measure ye mete, it shall be <b>measured</b> to you again.
<i>Matt. vii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That portion of eternity which is called time, <b>measured</b> out by the sun.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To measure swords with one</col>, <cd>to try another's skill in the use of the sword; hence, figuratively, to match one's abilities against an antagonist's.</cd></cs>

<h1>Measure</h1>
<Xpage=906>

<hw>Meas"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a measurement or measurements.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To result, or turn out, on measuring; <as>as, the grain <ex>measures</ex> well; the pieces <ex>measure</ex> unequally.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be of a certain size or quantity, or to have a certain length, breadth, or thickness, or a certain capacity according to a standard measure; <as>as, cloth <ex>measures</ex> three fourths of a yard; a tree <ex>measures</ex> three feet in diameter.</as></def>

<h1>Measured</h1>
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<hw>Meas"ured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Regulated or determined by a standard; hence, equal; uniform; graduated; limited; moderated; <as>as, he walked with <ex>measured</ex> steps; he expressed himself in no <ex>measured</ex> terms.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Meas"ured*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Measureless</h1>
<Xpage=906>

<hw>Meas"ure*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without measure; unlimited; immeasurable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Meas"ure*less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<syn>Syn. -- Boundless; limitless; endless; unbounded; unlimited; vast; immense; infinite; immeasurable.</syn>

<-- <blockquote>Where Alf, the sacred river ran,
Through canyons measureless to man,
Down to a hidden sea.
Coleridge -->

<h1>Measurement</h1>
<Xpage=906>

<hw>Meas"ure*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or result of measuring; mensuration; <as>as, <ex>measurement</ex> is required</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The extent, size, capacity, amount. or quantity ascertained by measuring; <as>as, its <ex>measurement</ex> is five acres</as>.</def>

<h1>Measurer</h1>
<Xpage=906>

<hw>Meas"ur*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who measures; one whose occupation or duty is to measure commondities in market.</def>

<h1>Measuring</h1>
<Xpage=906>

<hw>Meas"ur*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Used in, or adapted for, ascertaining measurements, or dividing by measure.</def>

<cs><col>Measuring faucet</col>, <cd>a faucet which permits only a given quantity of liquid to pass each time it is opened, or one by means of which the liquid which passes can be measured.</cd> -- <col>Measuring worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of any geometrid moth. See <er>Geometrid</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Meat</h1>
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<hw>Meat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mete</ets>, AS. <ets>mete</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>mat</ets>, <ets>meti</ets>, D. <ets>met</ets> hashed meat, G. <ets>mett</ets>wurst sausage, OHG. <ets>maz</ets> food, Icel. <ets>matr</ets>, Sw. <ets>mat</ets>, Dan. <ets>mad</ets>, Goth. <ets>mats</ets>. Cf. <er>Mast</er> fruit, <er>Mush</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Food, in general; anything eaten for nourishment, either by man or beast. Hence, the edible part of anything; <as>as, the <ex>meat</ex> of a lobster, a nut, or an egg</as>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, . . . to you it shall be for <b>meat</b>.
<i>Gen. i. 29.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Every moving thing that liveth shall be <b>meat</b> for you.
<i>Gen. ix. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The flesh of animals used as food; esp., animal muscle; <as>as, a breakfast of bread and fruit without <ex>meat</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Specifically, dinner; the chief meal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Meat biscuit</col>. <cd>See under <er>Biscuit</er>.</cd> -- <col>Meat earth</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>vegetable mold. <i>Raymond</i>.</cd> -- <col>Meat fly</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Flesh fly</cref>, under <er>Flesh</er>.</cd> -- <col>Meat offering</col> <fld>(Script.)</fld>, <cd>an offering of food, esp. of a cake made of flour with salt and oil.</cd> -- <col>To go to meat</col>, <cd>to go to a meal.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>To sit at meat</col>, <cd>to sit at the table in taking food.</cd></cs>

<h1>Meat</h1>
<Xpage=906>

<hw>Meat</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To supply with food.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<blockquote>His shield well lined, his horses <b>meated</b> well.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Meatal</h1>
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<hw>Me*a"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a meatus; resembling a meatus.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Meated</h1>
<Xpage=906>

<hw>Meat"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fed; fattened.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having (such) meat; -- used chiefly in composition; <as>as, thick-<ex>meated</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Meath, Meathe</h1>
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<hw><hw>Meath</hw>, <hw>Meathe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mead</er>.]</ety> <def>A sweet liquor; mead.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Milton.</i>

<h1>Meatiness</h1>
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<hw>Meat"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being meaty.</def>

<h1>Meatless</h1>
<Xpage=906>

<hw>Meat"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no meat; without food.</def>

<blockquote>"Leave these beggars <b>meatless</b>."
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Meatoscope</h1>
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<hw>Me*at"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meatus</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A speculum for examining a natural passage, as the urethra.</def>

<h1>Meatotome</h1>
<Xpage=906>

<hw>Me*at"o*tome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meatus</ets> + Gr. <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument for cutting into the urethra so as to enlarge its orifice.</def>

<h1>Meatus</h1>
<Xpage=906>

<hw>Me*a"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt>; <plu>E. <it>pl.</it> <plw>Meatuses</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a going, passage, fr. <ets>meare</ets> to go.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A natural passage or canal; <as>as, the external auditory <ex>meatus</ex></as>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Ear</er>.</def>

<h1>Meaty</h1>
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<hw>Meat"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding in meat.</def>

<h1>Meaw</h1>
<Xpage=906>

<hw>Meaw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The sea mew.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Meaw</h1>
<Xpage=906>

<hw>Meaw</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Mew</er>, to cry as a cat.</def>

<h1>Meawl</h1>
<Xpage=906>

<hw>Meawl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Mewl</er>, and <er>Miaul</er>.</def>

<h1>Meazel</h1>
<Xpage=906>

<hw>Mea"zel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 1st <er>Measle</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Meazling</h1>
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<hw>Meaz"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Falling in small drops; mistling; mizzing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Mebles</h1>
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<hw>Me"bles</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Moebles</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mecate</h1>
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<hw>Me*ca"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A rope of hair or of maguey fiber, for tying horses, etc.</def> <mark>[Southwestern U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Meccawee</h1>
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<hw>Mec`ca*wee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Mecca, in Arabia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Mecca.</def></def2>

<h1>Mechanic</h1>
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<hw>Me*chan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82canique</ets> mechanics. See <er>Mechanic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of the application of the laws of motion or force to construction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mechanician; an artisan; an artificer; one who practices any mechanic art; one skilled or employed in shaping and uniting materials, as wood, metal, etc., into any kind of structure, machine, or other object, requiring the use of tools, or instruments.</def>

<blockquote>An art quite lost with our <b>mechanics</b>.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mechanic</h1>
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<hw>Me*chan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82canique</ets>, L. <ets>mechanicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a machine. See <er>Machine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having to do woth the application of the laws of motion in the art of constructing or making things; of or pertaining to mechanics; mechanical; <as>as, the <ex>mechanic</ex> arts</as>.</def> "These <i>mechanic</i> philosophers."

<i>Ray.</i>

<blockquote><b>Mechanic</b> slaves,
With greasy aprons, rules, and hammers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a mechanic or artificer, or to the class of artisans; hence, rude; common; vulgar.</def>

<blockquote>To make a god, a hero, or a king
Descend to a <b>mechanic</b> dialect.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sometimes he ply'd the strong, <b>mechanic</b> tool.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Base.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Whitlock.</i>

<h1>Mechanical</h1>
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<hw>Me*chan"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Mechanic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, governed by, or in accordance with, mechanics, or the laws of motion; pertaining to the quantitative relations of force and matter, as distinguished from <i>mental</i>, <i>vital</i>, <i>chemical</i>, etc.; <as>as, <ex>mechanical</ex> principles; a <ex>mechanical</ex> theory; <ex>mechanical</ex> deposits.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a machine or to machinery or tools; made or formed by a machine or with tools; <as>as, <ex>mechanical</ex> precision; <ex>mechanical</ex> products.</as></def>

<blockquote>We have also divers <b>mechanical</b> arts.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Done as if by a machine; uninfluenced by will or emotion; proceeding automatically, or by habit, without special intention or reflection; <as>as, <ex>mechanical</ex> singing; <ex>mechanical</ex> verses; <ex>mechanical</ex> service.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Made and operated by interaction of forces without a directing intelligence; <as>as, a <ex>mechanical</ex> universe</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Obtained by trial, by measurements, etc.; approximate; empirical. See the 2d Note under <er>Geometric</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Mechanical effect</col>, <cd>effective power; useful work exerted, as by a machine, in a definite time.</cd> -- <col>Mechanical engineering</col>. <cd>See the Note under <er>Engineering</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mechanical maneuvers</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the application of mechanical appliances to the mounting, dismounting, and moving of artillery. <i>Farrow</i>.</cd> -- <col>Mechanical philosophy</col>, <cd>the principles of mechanics applied to the inverstigation of physical phenomena.</cd> -- <col>Mechanical powers</col>, <cd>certain simple instruments, such as the lever and its modifications (the wheel and axle and the pulley), the inclined plane with its modifications (the screw and the wedge), which convert a small force acting throught a great space into a great force acting through a small space, or <it>vice versa<it>, and are used separately or in combination.</cd> -- <col>Mechanical solution</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a solution of a problem by any art or contrivance not strictly geometrical, as by means of the ruler and compasses, or other instruments.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mechanical</h1>
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<hw>Me*chan"ic*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mechanic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mechanicalize</h1>
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<hw>Me*chan"ic*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to become mechanical.</def>

<h1>Mechanically</h1>
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<hw>Me*chan"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a mechanical manner.</def>

<h1>Mechanicalness</h1>
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<hw>Me*chan"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being mechanical.</def>

<h1>Mechanician</h1>
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<hw>Mech`a*ni"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82canicien</ets>. See <er>Mechanic</er>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in the theory or construction of machines; a machinist.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Mechanico-chemical</h1>
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<hw>Me*chan`i*co-chem"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, connected with, or dependent upon, both mechanics and chemistry; -- said especially of those sciences which treat of such phenomena as seem to depend on the laws both of mechanics and chemistry, as electricity and magnetism.</def>

<h1>Mechanics</h1>
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<hw>Me*chan"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82canique</ets>.]</ety> <def>That science, or branch of applied mathematics, which treats of the action of forces on bodies.</def>

<note>&hand; That part of <i>mechanics</i> which considers the action of forces in producing rest or equilibrium is called <stype>statics</stype>; that which relates to such action in producing motion is called <stype>dynamics</stype>. The term <i>mechanics</i> includes the action of forces on all bodies, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous. It is sometimes, however, and formerly was often, used distinctively of <i>solid</i> bodies only: The mechanics of <i>liquid</i> bodies is called also <stype>hydrostatics</stype>, or <stype>hydrodynamics</stype>, according as the laws of rest or of motion are considered. The mechanics of <i>gaseous bodies</i> is called also <stype>pneumatics</stype>. The mechanics of fluids in motion, with special reference to the methods of obtaining from them useful results, constitutes <stype>hydraulics</stype>.</note>

<cs><col>Animal mechanics</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>that portion of physiology which has for its object the investigation of the laws of equilibrium and motion in the animal body. The most important mechanical principle is that of the lever, the bones forming the arms of the levers, the contractile muscles the power, the joints the fulcra or points of support, while the weight of the body or of the individual limbs constitutes the weight or resistance.</cd> -- <col>Applied mechanics</col>, <cd>the principles of abstract mechanics applied to human art; also, the practical application of the laws of matter and motion to the construction of machines and structures of all kinds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mechanism</h1>
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<hw>Mech"an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82canisme</ets>, L. <ets>mechanisma</ets>. See <er>Mechanic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The arrangement or relation of the parts of a machine; the parts of a machine, taken collectively; the arrangement or relation of the parts of anything as adapted to produce an effect; <as>as, the <ex>mechanism</ex> of a watch; the <ex>mechanism</ex> of a sewing machine; the <ex>mechanism</ex> of a seed pod.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mechanical operation or action.</def>

<blockquote>He acknowledges nothing besides matter and motion; so that all must be performed either by <b>mechanism</b> or accident.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Kinematics)</fld> <def>An ideal machine; a combination of movable bodies constituting a machine, but considered only with regard to relative movements.</def>

<h1>Mechanist</h1>
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<hw>Mech"an*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A maker of machines; one skilled in mechanics.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who regards the phenomena of nature as the effects of forces merely mechanical.</def>

<h1>Mechanize</h1>
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<hw>Mech"an*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mechanized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mechanizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82chaniser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cause to be mechanical.</def>

<i>Shelley.</i>

<h1>Mechanograph</h1>
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<hw>Mech"an*o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ machino + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of a number of copies of anything multiplied mechanically.</def>

<hr>
<page="907">
Page 907<p>

<h1>Mechanographic</h1>
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<hw>Mech`an*o*graph`ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Treating of mechanics.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Written, copied, or recorded by machinery; produced by mechanography; <as>as, a <ex>mechanographic</ex> record of changes of temperature; <ex>mechanographic</ex> prints.</as></def>

<h1>Mechanographist</h1>
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<hw>Mech`an*og"ra*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An artist who, by mechanical means, multiplies copies of works of art.</def>

<h1>Mechanography</h1>
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<hw>Mech`an*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of mechanically multiplying copies of a writing, or any work of art.</def>

<h1>Mechanurgy</h1>
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<hw>Mech"an*ur`gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ machine + the root of <?/ work.]</ety> <def>That branch of science which treats of moving machines.</def>

<h1>Mechitarist</h1>
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<hw>Mech"i*tar*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Mechitar</ets>, an Armenian., who founded the congregation in the early part of the eighteenth century.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a religious congregation of the Roman Catholic Church devoted to the improvement of Armenians.</def>

<h1>Mechlin</h1>
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<hw>Mech"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of lace made at, or originating in, <i>Mechlin</i>, in Belgium.</def>

<h1>Mechoacan</h1>
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<hw>Me*cho"a*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A species of jalap, of very feeble properties, said to be obtained from the root of a species of <spn>Convolvulus</spn> (<spn>C. Mechoacan</spn>); -- so called from <i>Michoacan</i>, in Mexico, whence it is obtained.</def>

<h1>Meckelian</h1>
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<hw>Meck*e"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or discovered by, J. F. <i>Meckel</i>, a German anatomist.</def>

<cs><col>Meckelian cartilage</col>, <cd>the cartilaginous rod which forms the axis of the mandible; -- called also <altname>Meckel's cartilage</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Meconate</h1>
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<hw>Mec"o*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82conate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of meconic acid.</def>

<h1>Meconic</h1>
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<hw>Me*con"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ belonging to the poppy, fr. <?/ the poppy: cf. F. <ets>m\'82conique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, the poppy or opium; specif. <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, designating an acid related to aconitic acid, found in opium and extracted as a white crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Meconidine</h1>
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<hw>Me*con"i*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem)</fld> <def>An alkaloid found in opium, and extracted as a yellow amorphous substance which is easily decomposed.</def>

<h1>Meconidium</h1>
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<hw>Mec`o*nid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., dim. of Gr. <?/ a poppy. So called in allusion to the shape of the seed capsules of the poppy.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of gonophore produced by hydroids of the genus <spn>Gonothyr\'91a</spn>. It has tentacles, and otherwise resembles a free medusa, but remains attached by a pedicel.</def>

<h1>Meconin</h1>
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<hw>Mec"o*nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82conine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance regarded as an anhydride of meconinic acid, existing in opium and extracted as a white crystalline substance. Also erroneously called <i>meconina</i>, <i>meconia</i>, etc., as though it were an alkaloid.</def>

<h1>Meconinic</h1>
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<hw>Mec`o*nin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid which occurs in opium, and which may be obtained by oxidizing narcotine.</def>

<h1>Meconium</h1>
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<hw>Me*co"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ poppy.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Opium.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The contents of the fetal intestine; hence, first excrement.</def>

<h1>Medal</h1>
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<hw>Med"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82daille</ets>, It. <ets>medaglia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>metallum</ets> metal, through (assumed) LL. <ets>metalleus</ets> made of metal. See <er>Metal</er>, and cf. <er>Mail</er> a piece of money.]</ety> <def>A piece of metal in the form of a coin, struck with a device, and intended to preserve the remembrance of a notable event or an illustrious person, or to serve as a reward.</def>

<h1>Medal</h1>
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<hw>Med"al</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Medaled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, or <er>Medalled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Medaling</er> or <er>Medalling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To honor or reward with a medal.</def> "<i>Medaled</i> by the king."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Medalet</h1>
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<hw>Med"al*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small medal.</def>

<h1>Medalist</h1>
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<hw>Med"al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82dailliste</ets>, It. <ets>medaglista</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>medallist</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A person that is skilled or curious in medals; a collector of medals.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A designer of medals.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who has gained a medal as the reward of merit.</def>

<h1>Medallic</h1>
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<hw>Me*dal"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a medal, or to medals.</def> "Our <i>medallic</i> history."

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Medallion</h1>
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<hw>Me*dal"lion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82daillion</ets>, It. <ets>medaglione</ets>, augm. of <ets>medaglia</ets>. See <er>Medal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A large medal or memorial coin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A circular or oval (or, sometimes, square) tablet bearing a figure or figures represented in relief.</def>

<h1>Medalurgy</h1>
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<hw>Med"al*ur`gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Medal</ets> + the root of Gr. <?/ work.]</ety> <def>The art of making and striking medals and coins.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>medallurgy</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Meddle</h1>
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<hw>Med"dle`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Meddled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Meddling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>medlen</ets> to mix, OF. <ets>medler</ets>, <ets>mesler</ets>, F. <ets>m\'88ler</ets>, LL. <ets>misculare</ets>, a dim. fr. L. <ets>miscere</ets> to mix. <?/ See <er>Mix</er>, and cf. <er>Medley</er>, <er>Mellay</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To mix; to mingle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>More to know
Did never <b>meddle</b> with my thoughts.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To interest or engage one's self; to have to do; -- <?/ a good sense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<blockquote>Study to be quiet, and to <b>meddle</b> with your own business.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To interest or engage one's self unnecessarily or impertinently, to interfere or busy one's self improperly with another's affairs; specifically, to handle or distrub another's property without permission; -- often followed by <i>with</i> or <i>in</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Why shouldst thou <b>meddle</b> to thy hurt?
<i>2 Kings xiv. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The civil lawyers . . . have <b>meddled</b> in a matter that belongs not to them.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To meddle and make</col>, <cd>to intrude one's self into another person's concerns. <mark>[Archaic]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To interpose; interfere; intermeddle.</syn>

<h1>Meddle</h1>
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<hw>Med"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mix; to mingle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>"Wine <b>meddled</b> with gall."
<i>Wyclif (Matt. xxvii. 34).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Meddler</h1>
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<hw>Med"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who meddles; one who interferes or busies himself with things in which he has no concern; an officious person; a busybody.</def>

<h1>Meddlesome</h1>
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<hw>Med"dle*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Given to meddling; apt to interpose in the affairs of others; officiously intrusive.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Med"dle*some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Meddling</h1>
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<hw>Med"dling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Meddlesome.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Meddlingly</h1>
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<hw>Med"dling*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a meddling manner.</def>

<h1>Mede</h1>
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<hw>Mede</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Media in Asia.</def>

<h1>Mede</h1>
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<hw>Mede</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See lst & 2d <er>Mead</er>, and <er>Meed</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Media</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <def><tt>pl.</tt> of <er>Medium</er>.</def>

<h1>Media</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*a</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Medi\'91</plw> <tt>(-&emac;)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>medius</ets> middle.]</ety> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>One of the sonant mutes &beta;, &delta;, &gamma; (<it>b</it>, <it>d</it>, <it>g</it>), in Greek, or of their equivalents in other languages, so named as intermediate between the <i>tenues</i>, &pi;, &tau;, &kappa; (<it>p</it>, <it>t</it>, <it>k</it>), and the <it>aspirat\'91</it>  (aspirates) &phi;, &theta;, &chi; (<it>ph</it> or <it>f</it>, <it>th</it>, <it>ch</it>). Also called <altname>middle mute</altname>, or <altname>medial</altname>, and sometimes <altname>soft mute</altname>.</def>

<h1>Mediacy</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*a*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being mediate.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Medi\'91val</h1>
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<hw>Me`di*\'91"val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>medius</ets> middle + <ets>aevum</ets> age. See <er>Middle</er>, and <er>Age</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to the Middle Ages; <as>as, <ex>medi\'91val</ex> architecture</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>medieval</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Medi\'91valism</h1>
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<hw>Me`di*\'91"val*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The method or spirit of the Middle Ages; devotion to the institutions and practices of the Middle Ages; a survival from the Middle Ages.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>medievalism</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Medi\'91valist</h1>
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<hw>Me`di*\'91"val*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who has a taste for, or is versed in, the history of the Middle Ages; one in sympathy with the spirit or forms of the Middle Ages.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>medievalist</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Medi\'91vally</h1>
<Xpage=907>

<hw>Me`di*\'91"val*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of the Middle Ages; in accordance with medi\'91valism.</def>

<h1>Medi\'91vals</h1>
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<hw>Me`di*\'91"vals</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>The people who lived in the Middle Ages.</def>

<i>Ruskin.</i>

<h1>Medial</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>medialis</ets>, fr. <ets>medius</ets> middle: cf. F. <ets>m\'82dial</ets>. See <er>Middle</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a mean or average; mean; <as>as, <ex>medial</ex> alligation</as>.</def>

<h1>Medial</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>See 2d <er>Media</er>.</def>

<h1>Medialuna</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*a*lu"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>media luna</ets> half-moon.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Half-moon</er>.</def>

<h1>Median</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>medianus</ets>, fr. <ets>medius</ets> middle. See <er>Medial</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being in the middle; running through the middle; <as>as, a <ex>median</ex> groove</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Situated in the middle; lying in a plane dividing a bilateral animal into right and left halves; -- said of unpaired organs and parts; <as>as, <ex>median</ex> coverts</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Median line</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>Any line in the mesial plane; specif., either of the lines in which the mesial plane meets the surface of the body.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>The line drawn from an angle of a triangle to the middle of the opposite side; any line having the nature of a diameter.</cd> -- <col>Median plane</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the mesial plane.</cd> -- <col>Median point</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the point where the three median lines of a triangle mutually intersect.</cd></cs>

<h1>Median</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A median line or point.</def>

<h1>Mediant</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>medians</ets>, p. p. of <ets>mediare</ets> to halve: cf. It. <ets>mediante</ets>, F. <ets>m\'82diante</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The third above the keynote; -- so called because it divides the interval between the tonic and dominant into two thirds.</def>

<h1>Mediastinal</h1>
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<hw>Me`di*as*ti"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a mediastinum.</def>

<h1>Mediastine, Mediastinum</h1>
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<hw><hw>Me`di*as"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Me`di*as*ti"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>mediastinum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>medius</ets> middle; cf. <ets>mediastinus</ets> helper, a menial servant, LL. <ets>mediastinus</ets> equiv. to <ets>medius</ets>: cf F. <ets>m\'82diastin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A partition; a septum; specifically, the folds of the pleura (and the space included between them) which divide the thorax into a right and left cavity. The space included between these folds of the pleura, called the <i>mediastinal space</i>, contains the heart and gives passage to the esophagus and great blood vessels.</def>

<h1>Mediate</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mediatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>mediare</ets>, v. t., to halve, v. i., to be in the middle. See <er>Mid</er>, and cf. <er>Moiety</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being between the two extremes; middle; interposed; intervening; intermediate.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Acting by means, or by an intervening cause or instrument; not direct or immediate; acting or suffering through an intervening agent or condition.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Gained or effected by a medium or condition.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>An act of <b>mediate</b> knowledge is complex.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mediate</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mediated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mediating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>mediatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>mediare</ets> to mediate. See <er>Mediate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To be in the middle, or between two; to intervene.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To interpose between parties, as the equal friend of each, esp. for the purpose of effecting a reconciliation or agreement; <as>as, to <ex>mediate</ex> between nations</as>.</def>

<h1>Mediate</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*ate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To effect by mediation or interposition; to bring about as a mediator, instrument, or means; <as>as, to <ex>mediate</ex> a peace</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To divide into two equal parts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Holder.</i>

<h1>Mediately</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*ate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a mediate manner; by a secondary cause or agent; not directly or primarily; by means; -- opposed to <i>immediately</i>.</def>

<blockquote>God worketh all things amongst us <b>mediately</b>.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The king grants a manor to A, and A grants a portion of it to B. In this case. B holds his lands immediately of A, but <b>mediately</b> of the king.
<i>Blakstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mediateness</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*ate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being mediate.</def>

<h1>Mediation</h1>
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<hw>Me`di*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mediacioun</ets>, F. <ets>m\'82diation</ets>. See <er>Mediate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of mediating; action or relation of anything interposed; action as a necessary condition, means, or instrument; interposition; intervention.</def>

<blockquote>The soul [acts] by the <b>mediation</b> of these passions.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, specifically, agency between parties at variance, with a view to reconcile them; entreaty for another; intercession.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Mediative</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to mediation; used in mediation; <as>as, <ex>mediative</ex> efforts</as>.</def>

<i>Beaconsfield.</i>

<h1>Mediatization</h1>
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<hw>Me`di*at`i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82diatisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of mediatizing.</def>

<h1>Mediatize</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*a*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mediatized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mediatizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82diatiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cause to act through an agent or to hold a subordinate position; to annex; -- specifically applied to the annexation during the former German empire of a smaller German state to a larger, while allowing it a nominal sovereignty, and its prince his rank.</def>

<blockquote>The misfortune of being a <b>mediatized</b> prince.
<i>Beaconsfield.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mediator</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mediator</ets>: cf. E. <ets>m\'82diateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who mediates; especially, one who interposes between parties at variance for the purpose of reconciling them; hence, an intercessor.</def>

<blockquote>For there is one God, and one <b>mediator</b> between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.
<i>1 Tim. ii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mediatorial</h1>
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<hw>Me`di*a*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a mediator, or to mediation; mediatory; <as>as, a <ex>mediatorial</ex> office</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Me`di*a*to"ri*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>My measures were . . . healing and <b>mediatorial</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mediatorship</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*a`tor*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or character of a mediator.</def>

<h1>Mediatory</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mediatorial.</def>

<h1>Mediatress, Mediatrix</h1>
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<hw><hw>Me`di*a"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Me`di*a*"trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mediatrix</ets>, f. of <ets>mediator</ets>: cf. F. <ets>m\'82diatrice</ets>.]</ety> <def>A female mediator.</def>

<h1>Medic</h1>
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<hw>Med"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>medica</ets>, Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/) a kind of clover introduced from <ets>Media</ets>, from <?/ Median.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leguminous plant of the genus <spn>Medicago</spn>. The black medic is the <spn>Medicago lupulina</spn>; the purple medic, or lucern, is <spn>M. sativa</spn>.</def>

<h1>Medic</h1>
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<hw>Med"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>medicus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Medical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Medicable</h1>
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<hw>Med"i*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>medicabilis</ets>, from <ets>medicare</ets>, <ets>medicari</ets>, to heal, fr. <ets>medicus</ets> physician. See <er>Medical</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being medicated; admitting of being cured or healed.</def>

<h1>Medical</h1>
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<hw>Med"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>medicalis</ets>, L. <ets>medicus</ets> belonging to healing, fr. <ets>mederi</ets> to heal; cf. Zend <ets>madha</ets> medical science, wisdom, gr. <?/ to learn, E. <ets>mind</ets>: cf. F. <ets>m\'82dical</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of, pertaining to, or having to do with, the art of healing disease, or the science of medicine; <as>as, the <ex>medical</ex> profession; <ex>medical</ex> services; a <ex>medical</ex> dictionary; <ex>medical</ex> jurisprudence.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Containing medicine; used in medicine; medicinal; <as>as, the <ex>medical</ex> properties of a plant</as>.</def>

<h1>Medically</h1>
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<hw>Med"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a medical manner; with reference to healing, or to the principles of the healing art.</def>

<h1>Medicament</h1>
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<hw>Med"i*ca*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>medicamentum</ets>, fr. <ets>medicare</ets>, <ets>medicari</ets>, to heal: cf. F. <ets>m\'82dicament</ets>. See <er>Medicable</er>.]</ety> <def>Anything used for healing diseases or wounds; a medicine; a healing application.</def>

<h1>Medicamental</h1>
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<hw>Med`ica*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to medicaments or healing applications; having the qualities of medicaments.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Med`ica*men"tal*ly</wf>, adv.</wordforms>
<-- pref. = medicinal -->

<h1>Medicaster</h1>
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<hw>Med"i*cas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82dicastre</ets>. See <er>Medical</er>.]</ety> <def>A quack.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Whitlock.</i>

<h1>Medicate</h1>
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<hw>Med"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Medicated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Medicating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>medicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>medicare</ets>, <ets>medicari</ets>. See <er>Medicable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To tincture or impregnate with anything medicinal; to drug.</def> "<i>Medicated</i> waters."

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat with medicine.</def>

<h1>Medication</h1>
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<hw>Med`i*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[L. <ets>medicatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>m\'82dication</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of medicating.</def>

<h1>Medicative</h1>
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<hw>Med"i*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Medicinal; acting like a medicine.</def>

<h1>Medicean</h1>
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<hw>Med`i*ce"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to the Medici, a noted Italian family; <as>as, the <ex>Medicean</ex> Venus</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Medicean planets</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a name given by Galileo to the satellites of Jupiter.</cd></cs>

<h1>Medicinable</h1>
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<hw>Me*dic"i*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Medicinal; having the power of healing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Medicinal</h1>
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<hw>Me*dic"i*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>medicinalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>m\'82dicinal</ets>. See <er>Medicine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having curative or palliative properties; used for the cure or alleviation of bodily disorders; <as>as, <ex>medicinal</ex> tinctures, plants, or springs</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Drop tears as fast as the Arabian trees
Their <b>medicinal</b> gum.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to medicine; medical.</def>

<h1>Medicinally</h1>
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<hw>Me*dic"i*nal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a medicinal manner.</def>

<h1>Medicine</h1>
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<hw>Med"i*cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>medicina</ets> (sc. <ets>ars</ets>), fr. <ets>medicinus</ets> medical, fr. <ets>medicus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>m\'82decine</ets>. See <er>Medical</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science which relates to the prevention, cure, or alleviation of disease.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any substance administered in the treatment of disease; a remedial agent; a remedy; physic.</def>

<blockquote>By <b>medicine</b>, life may be prolonged.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A philter or love potion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82decin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A physician.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Medicine bag</col>, <cd>a charm; -- so called among the North American Indians, or in works relating to them.</cd> -- <col>Medicine man</col> (among the North American Indians), <cd>a person who professes to cure sickness, drive away evil spirits, and regulate the weather by the arts of magic.</cd> -- <col>Medicine seal</col>, <cd>a small gem or paste engraved with reversed characters, to serve as a seal. Such seals were used by Roman physicians to stamp the names of their medicines.</cd></cs>

<h1>Medicine</h1>
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<hw>Med"i*cine</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give medicine to; to affect as a medicine does; to remedy; to cure.</def> "<i>Medicine</i> thee to that sweet sleep."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Medico-legal</h1>
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<hw>Med`i*co-le"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to law as affected by medical facts.</def>

<h1>Medicommissure</h1>
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<hw>Med`i*com"mis*sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>medius</ets> middle + E. <ets>commissure</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A large transverse commissure in the third ventricle of the brain; the middle or soft commissure.</def>

<i>B. G. Wildex.</i>

<h1>Medicornu</h1>
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<hw>Med`i*cor"nu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Medicornua</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>medius</ets> middle + <ets>cornu</ets> horn.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The middle or inferior horn of each lateral ventricle of the brain.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Medics</h1>
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<hw>Med"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Science of medicine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mediety</h1>
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<hw>Me*di"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>medietas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The middle part; half; moiety.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Medieval, Medievalism, Medievalist</h1>
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<hw><hw>Me`di*e"val</hw>, <hw>Me`di*e"val*ism</hw>, <hw>Me`di*e"val*ist</hw><hw>. <def>Same as <er>Medi<?/val</er>, <er>Medi<?/valism</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Medina epoch</h1>
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<hw>Me*di"na ep"och</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From <ets>Medina</ets> in New York.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A subdivision of the Niagara period in the American upper Silurian, characterized by the formations known as the Oneida conglomerate, and the Medina sandstone. See the <i>Chart</i> of <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="908">
Page 908<p>

<h1>Medino</h1>
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<hw>Me*di"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Para</er>.</def>

<h1>Mediocral</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*o`cral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mediocre.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mediocre</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*o`cre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82diocre</ets>, L. <ets>mediocris</ets>, fr. <ets>medius</ets> middle. See <er>Mid</er>.]</ety> <def>Of a middle quality; of but a moderate or low degree of excellence; indifferent; ordinary.</def> " A very <i>mediocre</i> poet."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Mediocre</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*o`cre</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mediocre person.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A young monk who was excused from performing a portion of a monk's duties.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Mediocrist</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*o`crist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mediocre person.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mediocrity</h1>
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<hw>Me`di*oc"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82diocrit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>mediocritas</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being mediocre; a middle state or degree; a moderate degree or rate.</def> "A <i>mediocrity</i> of success."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Moderation; temperance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Mediostapedial</h1>
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<hw>Me`di*o*sta*pe"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>medius</ets> middle + E. <ets>stapedial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to that part of the columella of the ear which, in some animals, connects the stapes with the other parts of the columella.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The mediostapedial part of the columella.</def></def2>

<h1>Medioxumous</h1>
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<hw>Me`di*ox"u*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>medioxumus</ets> middlemost.]</ety> <def>Intermediate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Meditance</h1>
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<hw>Med"i*tance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Meditation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Meditate</h1>
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<hw>Med"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Meditated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Meditating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>meditatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>meditari</ets> to meditate; cf. Gr. <?/ to learn, E. <ets>mind</ets>.]</ety> <def>To keep the mind in a state of contemplation; to dwell on anything in thought; to think seriously; to muse; to cogitate; to reflect.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>In his law doth he <b>meditate</b> day and night.
<i>Ps. i. 2.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Meditate</h1>
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<hw>Med"i*tate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To contemplate; to keep the mind fixed upon; to study.</def> "Blessed is the man that doth <i>meditate</i> good things."

<i>Ecclus. xiv. 20.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To purpose; to intend; to design; to plan by revolving in the mind; <as>as, to <ex>meditate</ex> a war</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>meditate</b> to pass the remainder of life in a state of undisturbed repose.
<i>Washington.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To consider; ponder; weigh; revolve; study.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Meditate</er>, <er>Contemplate</er>, <er>Intend</er>. We <i>meditate</i> a design when we are looking out or waiting for the means of its accomplishment; we <i>contemplate</i> it when the means are at hand, and our decision is nearly or quite made. To <i>intend</i> is stronger, implying that we have decided to act when an opportunity may offer. A general <i>meditates</i> an attack upon the enemy; he <i>contemplates</i> or <i>intends</i> undertaking it at the earliest convenient season.</usage>

<h1>Meditation</h1>
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<hw>Med`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>meditacioun</ets>, F. <ets>m\'82ditation</ets>, fr. L. <ets>meditatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of meditating; close or continued thought; the turning or revolving of a subject in the mind; serious contemplation; reflection; musing.</def>

<blockquote>Let the words of my mouth and the <b>meditation</b> of my heart be acceptable in thy sight.
<i>Ps. xix. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Thought; -- without regard to kind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With wings as swift
As <b>meditation</b> or the thoughts of love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Meditatist</h1>
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<hw>Med"i*ta`tist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is given to meditation.</def>

<h1>Meditative</h1>
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<hw>Med"i*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>meditativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>m\'82ditatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disposed to meditate, or to meditation; <as>as, a <ex>meditative</ex> man; a <ex>meditative</ex> mood.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Med"i*ta*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Med"i*ta*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mediterranean</h1>
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<hw>Med`i*ter*ra"ne*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mediterraneus</ets>; <ets>medius</ets> middle + <ets>terra</ets> land. See <er>Mid</er>, and <er>Terrace</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclosed, or nearly inclosed, with land; <as>as, the <ex>Mediterranean</ex> Sea, between Europe and Africa</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inland; remote from the ocean.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Cities, as well <b>mediterranean</b> as maritime.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the Mediterranean Sea; <as>as, <ex>Mediterranean</ex> trade; a <ex>Mediterranean</ex> voyage.</as></def>

<h1>Mediterraneous</h1>
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<hw>Med`i*ter*ra"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inland.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Medium</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Media</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <plw>E</plw>. <plw>Mediums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>medium</ets> the middle, fr. <ets>medius</ets> middle. See <er>Mid</er>, and cf. <er>Medius</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which lies in the middle, or between other things; intervening body or quantity. Hence, specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> Middle place or degree; mean.</def>

<blockquote>The just <b>medium</b> . . . lies between pride and abjection.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mean</er></def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The mean or middle term of a syllogism; that by which the extremes are brought into connection</def>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A substance through which an effect is transmitted from one thing to another; <as>as, air is the common <ex>medium</ex> of sound</as>. Hence: The condition upon which any event or action occurs; necessary means of motion or action; that through or by which anything is accomplished, conveyed, or carried on; specifically, in animal magnetism, spiritualism, etc., a person through whom the action of another being is said to be manifested and transmitted.</def>

<blockquote>Whether any other liquors, being made <b>mediums</b>, cause a diversity of sound from water, it may be tried.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I must bring together
All these extremes; and must remove all <b>mediums</b>.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An average.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>medium</b> of six years of war, and six years of peace.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A trade name for printing and writing paper of certain sizes. See <er>Paper</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>The liquid vehicle with which dry colors are ground and prepared for application.</def>

<cs><col>Circulating medium</col>, <cd>a current medium of exchange, whether coin, bank notes, or government notes.</cd> -- <col>Ethereal medium</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the ether.</cd> -- <col>Medium of exchange</col>, <cd>that which is used for effecting an exchange of commodities -- money or current representatives of money.</cd></cs>

<h1>Medium</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*um</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a middle position or degree; mean; intermediate; medial; <as>as, a horse of <ex>medium</ex> size; a decoction of <ex>medium</ex> strength.</as></def>

<h1>Medium-sized</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*um-sized`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a medium size; <as>as, a <ex>medium-sized</ex> man</as>.</def>

<h1>Medius</h1>
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<hw>Me"di*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Medii</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>medius</ets> middle. See <er>Medium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The third or middle finger; the third digit, or that which corresponds to it.</def>

<h1>Medlar</h1>
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<hw>Med"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>medler</ets> medlar tree, OF. <ets>meslier</ets>, F. <ets>n\'82flier</ets>, L. <ets>mespilum</ets>, <ets>mespilus</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/. Cf. <er>Naseberry</er>.]</ety> <def>A tree of the genus <spn>Mespilus</spn> (<spn>M. Germanica</spn>); also, the fruit of the tree. The fruit is something like a small apple, but has a bony endocarp. When first gathered the flesh is hard and austere, and it is not eaten until it has begun to decay.</def>

<cs><col>Japan medlar</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the loquat. See <er>Loquat</er>.</cd> -- <col>Neapolitan medlar</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of thorn tree (<spn>Crat\'91gus Azarolus</spn>); also, its fruit.</cd></cs>

<h1>Medle</h1>
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<hw>Med"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Meddle</er>.]</ety> <def>To mix; to mingle; to meddle.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>medly</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Medley</h1>
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<hw>Med"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Medleys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>medlee</ets>, OF. <ets>mesl\'82e</ets>, <ets>medl\'82e</ets>, <ets>mell\'82e</ets>, F. <ets>m\'88l\'82e</ets>. See <er>Meddle</er>, and cf. <er>Mel\'90e</er>, <er>Mellay</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mixture; a mingled and confused mass of ingredients, usually inharmonious; a jumble; a hodgepodge; -- often used contemptuously.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>medley</b> of philosophy and war.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Love is a <b>medley</b> of endearments, jars,
Suspicions, reconcilements, wars.
<i>W. Walsh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The confusion of a hand to hand battle; a brisk, hand to hand engagement; a m\'88l\'82e.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A composition of passages detached from several different compositions; a potpourri.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Medley</i> is usually applied to vocal, <i>potpourri</i> to instrumental, compositions.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A cloth of mixed colors.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Medley</h1>
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<hw>Med"ley</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mixed; of mixed material or color.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>medl\'8a coat</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mingled; confused.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Medly</h1>
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<hw>Med"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Medle</er>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>M\'82doc</h1>
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<hw>M\'82`doc"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Mayduke</er>.]</ety> <def>A class of claret wines, including several varieties, from the district of M\'82doc in the department of Gironde.</def>

<h1>Medregal</h1>
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<hw>Med"re*gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bonito</er>, 3.</def>

<h1>Medrick</h1>
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<hw>Med"rick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of gull or tern.</def> <mark>[Prov.]</mark>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Medulla</h1>
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<hw>Me*dul"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Marrow; pith; hence, essence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The marrow of bones; the deep or inner portion of an organ or part; <as>as, the <ex>medulla</ex>, or medullary substance, of the kidney</as>; specifically, the medula oblongata.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A soft tissue, occupying the center of the stem or branch of a plant; pith.</def>

<cs><col>Medulla oblongata</col>. <ety>[L., oblong medulla]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the posterior part of the brain connected with the spinal cord. It includes all the hindbrain except the cerebellum and pons, and from it a large part of the cranial nerves arise. It controls very largely respiration, circulation, swallowing, and other functions, and is the most vital part of the brain; -- called also <altname>bulb of the spinal cord</altname>. See <er>Brain</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Medullar</h1>
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<hw>Me*dul"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Medullary</er>.</def>

<h1>Medullary</h1>
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<hw>Med"ul*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>medullaris</ets>, fr. <ets>medulla</ets> marrow: cf. F. <ets>m\'82dullaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling, marrow or medulla.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to the medula oblongata.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Filled with spongy pith; pithy.</def>

<cs><col>Medullary groove</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a groove, in the epiblast of the vertebrate blastoderm, the edges of which unite, making a tube (the medullary canal) from which the brain and spinal cord are developed.</cd> -- <col>Medullary rays</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the rays of cellular tissue seen in a transverse section of exogenous wood, which pass from the pith to the bark.</cd> -- <col>Medullary sheath</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the layer of white semifluid substance (myelin), between the primitive sheath and axis cylinder of a medullated nerve fiber.</cd></cs>

<h1>Medullated</h1>
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<hw>Me*dul"la*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Furnished with a medulla or marrow, or with a medullary sheath; <as>as, a <ex>medullated</ex> nerve fiber</as>.</def>

<h1>Medullin</h1>
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<hw>Me*dul"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82dulline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. Chem.)</fld> <def>A variety of lignin or cellulose found in the medulla, or pith, of certain plants. Cf. <er>Lignin</er>, and <er>Cellulose</er>.</def>

<h1>Medusa</h1>
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<hw>Me*du"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The Gorgon; or one of the Gorgons whose hair was changed into serpents, after which all who looked upon her were turned into stone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <plu>[<it>pl.</it> <plw>Medusae</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any free swimming acaleph; a jellyfish.</def>

<note>&hand; The larger <i>medus\'91</i> belong to the Discophora, and are sometimes called <stype>covered-eyed medus\'91</stype>; others, known as <stype>naked-eyed medus\'91</stype>, belong to the Hydroidea, and are usually developed by budding from hidroids. See <er>Discophora</er>, <er>Hydroidea</er>, and <er>Hydromedusa</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Medusa bud</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the buds of a hydroid, destined to develop into a gonophore or medusa. See <er>Athecata</er>, and <er>Gonotheca</er>.</cd> -- <col>Medusa's head</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>An astrophyton</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>A cluster of stars in the constellation Perseus. It contains the bright star Algol.</cd></cs>

<h1>Medusian</h1>
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<hw>Me*du"si*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A medusa.</def>

<h1>Medusiform</h1>
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<hw>Me*du"si*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Medusa</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling a medusa in shape or structure.</def>

<h1>Medusoid</h1>
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<hw>Me*du"soid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Medusa</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like a medusa; having the fundamental structure of a medusa, but without a locomotive disk; -- said of the sessile gonophores of hydroids.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A sessile gonophore. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Gonosome</er>.</def></def2>

<h1>Meech</h1>
<Xpage=908>

<hw>Meech</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Mich</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Meed</h1>
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<hw>Meed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mede</ets>, AS. <ets>m&emac;d</ets>, <ets>meord</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>m<?/da</ets>, OHG. <ets>miata</ets>, <ets>mieta</ets>, G. <ets>miethe</ets> hire, Goth. <ets>mizd&omac;</ets> reward, Bohem. & Russ. <ets>mzda</ets>, Gr. <grk>mistho`s</grk>, Skr. <ets>m&imac;dha</ets>. &root;276.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is bestowed or rendered in consideration of merit; reward; recompense.</def>

<blockquote>A rosy garland was the victor's <b>meed</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Merit or desert; worth.</def>

<blockquote>My <b>meed</b> hath got me fame.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A gift; also, a bride.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Meed</h1>
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<hw>Meed</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reward; to repay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Waytt.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deserve; to merit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Heywood.</i>

<h1>Meedful</h1>
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<hw>Meed"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worthy of meed, reward, or recompense; meritorious.</def> "<i>Meedful</i> works."

<i>Wiclif.</i>

<h1>Meedfully</h1>
<Xpage=908>

<hw>Meed"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to merit; suitably.</def>

<h1>Meek</h1>
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<hw>Meek</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Meeker</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Meekest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>mek</ets>, <ets>meoc</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>mj<?/kr</ets> mild, soft, Sw. <ets>mjuk</ets>, Dan. <ets>myg</ets>, D. <ets>muik</ets>, Goth. <ets>muka</ets>m<?/dei gentleness.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mild of temper; not easily provoked or orritated; patient under injuries; not vain, or haughty, or resentful; forbearing; submissive.</def>

<blockquote>Not the man Moses was very <b>meek</b>.
<i>Num. xii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Evincing mildness of temper, or patience; characterized by mildness or patience; <as>as, a <ex>meek</ex> answer; a <ex>meek</ex> face.</as></def> "Her <i>meek</i> prayer."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Gentle; mild; soft; yielding; pacific; unassuming; humble. See <er>Gentle</er>.</syn>

<h1>Meek, Meeken</h1>
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<hw><hw>Meek</hw>, <hw>Meek"en</hw> <tt>(-'n)</tt><hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make meek; to nurture in gentleness and humility.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Meekly</h1>
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<hw>Meek"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a meek manner.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Meekness</h1>
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<hw>Meek"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being meek.</def>

<h1>Meer</h1>
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<hw>Meer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Simple; unmixed. See <er>Mere</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Meer</h1>
<Xpage=908>

<hw>Meer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mere</er>, a lake.</def>

<h1>Meer</h1>
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<hw>Meer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A boundary. See <er>Mere</er>.</def>

<h1>Meerkat</h1>
<Xpage=908>

<hw>Meer"kat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South African carnivore (<spn>Cynictis penicillata</spn>), allied to the ichneumons.</def>

<h1>Meerschaum</h1>
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<hw>Meer"schaum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., lit., sea foam; <ets>meer</ets> sea + <ets>schaum</ets> foam; but it perh. is a corruption of the Tartaric name <ets>myrsen</ets>. Cf. <er>Mere</er> a lake, and <er>Scum</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A fine white claylike mineral, soft, and light enough when in dry masses to float in water. It is a hydrous silicate of magnesia, and is obtained chiefly in Asia Minor. It is manufacturd into tobacco pipes, cigar holders, etc. Also called <altname>sepiolite</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tobacco pipe made of this mineral.</def>

<h1>Meet</h1>
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<hw>Meet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Met</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Meeting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>meten</ets>, AS. <ets>m<?/tan</ets>, fr. <ets>m<?/t</ets>, <ets>gem<?/t</ets>, a meeting; akin to OS. <ets>m<?/tian</ets> to meet, Icel. <ets>m\'91ta</ets>, Goth. <ets>gam<?/tjan</ets>. See <er>Moot</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To join, or come in contact with; esp., to come in contact with by approach from an opposite direction; to come upon or against, front to front, as distinguished from contact by following and overtaking.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come in collision with; to confront in conflict; to encounter hostilely; <as>as, they <ex>met</ex> the enemy and defeated them; the ship <ex>met</ex> opposing winds and currents.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To come into the presence of without contact; to come close to; to intercept; to come within the perception, influence, or recognition of; <as>as, to <ex>meet</ex> a train at a junction; to <ex>meet</ex> carriages or persons in the street; to <ex>meet</ex> friends at a party; sweet sounds <ex>met</ex> the ear.</as></def>

<blockquote>His daughter came out to <b>meet</b> him.
<i>Judg. xi. 34.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To perceive; to come to a knowledge of; to have personal acquaintance with; to experience; to suffer; <as>as, the eye <ex>met</ex> a horrid sight; he <ex>met</ex> his fate.</as></def>

<blockquote>Of vice or virtue, whether blest or curst,
Which <b>meets</b> contempt, or which compassion first.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To come up to; to be even with; to equal; to match; to satisfy; to ansver; <as>as, to <ex>meet</ex> one's expectations; the supply <ex>meets</ex> the demand.</as></def>

<cs><col>To meet half way</col>, <cd>literally, to go half the distance between in order to meet (one); hence, figuratively, to yield or concede half of the difference in order to effect a compromise or reconciliation with.</cd></cs>

<h1>Meet</h1>
<Xpage=908>

<hw>Meet</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come together by mutual approach; esp., to come in contact, or into proximity, by approach from opposite directions; to join; to come face to face; to come in close relationship; <as>as, we <ex>met</ex> in the street; two lines <ex>meet</ex> so as to form an angle.</as></def>

<blockquote>O, when <b>meet</b> now
Such pairs in love and mutual honor joined !
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come together with hostile purpose; to have an encounter or conflict.</def>

<blockquote>Weapons more violent, when next we <b>meet</b>,
May serve to better us and worse our foes.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To assemble together; to congregate; <as>as, Congress <ex>meets</ex> on the first Monday of December</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They . . . appointed a day to <b>meet</b> together.
<i>2. Macc. xiv. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To come together by mutual concessions; hence, to agree; to harmonize; to unite.</def>

<cs><col>To meet with</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To light upon; to find; to come to; -- often with the sense of unexpectedness.</cd>

<blockquote>We <b>met with</b> many things worthy of observation.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To join; to unite in company.</cd> <i>Shak</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To suffer unexpectedly; <as>as, to <ex>meet with</ex> a fall; to <ex>meet with</ex> a loss</as>.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To encounter; to be subjected to.</cd>

<blockquote>Prepare <b>to meet with</b> more than brutal fury
From the fierce prince.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To obviate.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Meet</h1>
<Xpage=908>

<hw>Meet</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An assembling together; esp., the assembling of huntsmen for the hunt; also, the persons who so assemble, and the place of meeting.</def>

<h1>Meet</h1>
<Xpage=908>

<hw>Meet</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mete</ets> fitting, moderate, scanty, AS. <ets>m<?/te</ets> moderate; akin to <ets>gemet</ets> fit, meet, <ets>metan</ets> to mete, and G. <ets>m\'84ssig</ets> moderate, <ets>gem\'84ss</ets> fitting. See <er>Mete</er>.]</ety> <def>Suitable; fit; proper; appropriate; qualified; convenient.</def>

<blockquote>It was <b>meet</b> that we should make merry.
<i>Luke xv. 32.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To be meet with</col>, <cd>to be even with; to be equal to. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="909">
Page 909<p>

<h1>Meet</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Meetly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Meeten</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meet"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render fit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Meeter</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meet"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who meets.</def>

<h1>Meeth</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meeth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, Mead. See <er>Meathe</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Meeting</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meet"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A coming together; an assembling; <as>as, the <ex>meeting</ex> of Congress</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A junction, crossing, or union; <as>as, the <ex>meeting</ex> of the roads or of two rivers</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A congregation; a collection of people; a convention; <as>as, a large <ex>meeting</ex>; an harmonius <ex>meeting</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An assembly for worship; <as>as, to attend <ex>meeting</ex> on Sunday</as>; -- in England, applied distinctively and disparagingly to the worshiping assemblies of Dissenters.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Conference; assembly; company; convention; congregation; junction; confluence; union.</syn>

<h1>Meetinghouse</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meet"ing*house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house used as a place of worship; a church; -- in England, applied only to a house so used by Dissenters.</def>

<h1>Meetly</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meet"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Fitly; suitably; properly.</def>

<h1>Meetness</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meet"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fitness; suitableness; propriety.</def>

<h1>Meg-, Mega, Megalo-</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw><hw>Meg-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Meg"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Meg"a*lo-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <ety>[Gr. <grk>me`gas</grk>, gen. <grk>mega`loy</grk>, great.]</ety> <def>Combining forms signifying: <sd>(a)</sd> <i>Great</i>, <i>extended</i>, <i>powerful</i>; <as>as, <ex>mega</ex>scope, <ex>mega</ex>cosm</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Metric System, Elec., Mech., etc.)</fld> <def><i>A million times</i>, <i>a million of</i>; <as>as, <ex>mega</ex>meter, a million meters; <ex>mega</ex>farad, a million farads; <ex>meg</ex>ohm, a million ohms</as></def>.

<h1>Megacephalic, Megacephalous</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw><hw>Meg`a*ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Meg`a*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mega-</ets> Gr. <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Large headed; -- applied to animals, and to plants when they have large flower heads.</def>

<h1>Megaceros</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Me*gac"e*ros</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>me`gas</grk> great +  horn.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>The Irish elk.</def>

<h1>Megachile</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg"a*chile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mega-</ets> + Gr. <?/ lip.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A leaf-cutting bee of the genus <spn>Megachilus</spn>. See <cref>Leaf cutter</cref>, under <er>Leaf</er>.</def>

<h1>Megacosm</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg"a*cosm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mega-</ets> + Gr. <?/ world.]</ety> <def>See <er>Macrocosm</er>.</def>

<i>Croft.</i>

<h1>Megacoulomb</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg`a*cou`lomb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mega-</ets> + <ets>coulomb</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A million coulombs.</def>

<h1>Megaderm</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg"a*derm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mega-</ets> + Gr. <?/ skin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of Old World blood-sucking bats of the genus <spn>Megaderma</spn>.</def>

<h1>Megadyne</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg"a*dyne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mega-</ets> + <ets>dyne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>One of the larger measures of force, amounting to one million dynes.</def>

<h1>Megafarad</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg"a*far`ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mega-</ets> + <ets>farad</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>One of the larger measures of electrical capacity, amounting to one million farads; a macrofarad.</def>

<h1>Megalerg</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg"a*lerg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Megalo-</ets> + <ets>erg</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A million ergs; a megerg.</def>

<h1>Megalesian</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg`a*le"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Megalesius</ets>, fr. Gr. <grk>Mega`lh</grk> the Great, a surname of Cybele, the Magna Mater.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or in honor of, Cybele; <as>as, the <ex>Megalesian</ex> games at Rome</as>.</def>

<h1>Megalethoscope</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg`a*leth"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mega-</ets> + <ets>alethoscope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An optical apparatus in which pictures are viewed through a large lens with stereoptical effects. It is often combined with the stereoscope.</def>

<h1>Megalith</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg"a*lith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mega-</ets> + <ets>-lith</ets>; cf. F. <ets>m\'82galithe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A large stone; especially, a large stone used in ancient building.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Meg`a*lith"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Megalo-</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg"a*lo-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Meg-</er>.</def>

<h1>Megalocyte</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg"a*lo*cyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Megalo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a hollow vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A large, flattened corpuscle, twice the diameter of the ordinary red corpuscle, found in considerable numbers in the blood in profound an\'91mia.</def>

<h1>Megalomania</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg`a*lo*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>megalo-</ets> + <ets>mania</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Pathol.)</fld> <def>A form of mental alienation in which the patient has grandiose delusions.</def>

<h1>Megalonyx</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg`a*lon"yx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <grk>me`gas</grk>, <grk>mega`lh</grk>, great + <grk>'o`nyx</grk> claw.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct quaternary mammal, of great size, allied to the sloth.</def>

<h1>Megalophonous</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg`a*loph"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Megalo-</ets> + Gr. <grk>fwnh`</grk> voice.]</ety> <def>Having a loud voice.</def>

<h1>Megalopolis</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg`a*lop"o*lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>megalo`polis</grk>; <grk>me`gas</grk>, <grk>mega`lh</grk>, great + <grk>po`lis</grk> city.]</ety> <def>A chief city; a metropolis.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Megalops</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg"a*lops</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>me`gas</grk>, <grk>-a`loy</grk>, large + <grk>'w`ps</grk> eye.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A larva, in a stage following the zo\'89a, in the development of most crabs. In this stage the legs and abdominal appendages have appeared, the abdomen is relatively long, and the eyes are large. Also used adjectively.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A large fish; the tarpum.</def>

<h1>Megalopsychy</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg`a*lop"sy*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Megalo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ soul, mind.]</ety> <def>Greatness of soul.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<h1>Megalosaur, Megalosaurus</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw><hw>Meg"a*lo*saur`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Meg`a*lo*sau"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>megalosaurus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, great + <?/ lizard: cf. F. <ets>m\'82galosaure</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A gigantic carnivorous dinosaur, whose fossil remains have been found in England and elsewhere.</def>

<h1>Megameter</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Me*gam"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mega-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>m\'82gam\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument for determining longitude by observation of the stars.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A micrometer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Megameter, Megametre</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw><hw>Meg"a*me`ter</hw>, <hw>Meg"a*me`tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mega-</ets> + <ets>meter</ets>, <ets>metre</ets>, n., 2.]</ety> <def>In the metric system, one million meters, or one thousand kilometers.</def>

<h1>Megamp\'8are</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg`am`p\'8are"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mega-</ets> + <ets>amp\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A million amp\'8ares.</def>

<h1>Megaphone</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg"a*phone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mega-</ets> + Gr. <?/ voice.]</ety> <def>A device to magnify sound, or direct it in a given direction in a greater volume, as a very large funnel used as an ear trumpet or as a speaking trumpet.</def>

<h1>Megaphyton</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Me*gaph"y*ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <grk>me`gas</grk> great + <grk>fyto`n</grk> plant.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of tree ferns with large, two-ranked leaves, or fronds.</def>

<h1>Megapode</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg"a*pode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mega-</ets> + Gr. <grk>poy`s</grk>, <grk>podo`s</grk>, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of large-footed, gallinaceous birds of the genera <spn>Megapodius</spn> and <spn>Leipoa</spn>, inhabiting Australia and other Pacific islands. See <cref>Jungle fowl</cref> <sd>(b)</sd> under <er>Jungle</er>, and <er>Leipoa</er>.</def>

<h1>Megapolis</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Me*gap"o*lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>me`gas</grk> great + <grk>po`lis</grk> city.]</ety> <def>A metropolis.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Megarian, Megaric</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw><hw>Me*ga"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Me*gar"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging, or pertaining, to Megara, a city of ancient Greece.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Megarian</col>, &or; <col>Megaric</col>, <col>school</col></mcol>, <cd>a school of philosophy established at Megara, after the death of Socrates, by his disciples, and remarkable for its logical subtlety.</cd></cs>

<h1>Megascope</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg"a*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mega-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>: cf. F. <ets>m\'82gascope</ets>.]</ety> <def>A modification of the magic lantern, used esp. for throwing a magnified image of an opaque object on a screen, solar or artificial light being used.</def>

<h1>Megaseme</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg"a*seme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mega-</ets> + Gr. <?/ sing, mark: cf. F. <ets>m\'82gas\'8ame</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the orbital index relatively large; having the orbits narrow transversely; -- opposed to <i>microseme</i>.</def>

<h1>Megass, Megasse</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw><hw>Me"gass"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Me*gasse"</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bagasse</er>.</def>

<h1>Megasthene</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg"as*thene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>me`gas</grk> great + <grk>sthe`nos</grk> strength.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group which includes the higher orders of mammals, having a large size as a typical characteristic.</def>

<h1>Megasthenic</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg`as*then"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a typically large size; belonging to the megasthenes.</def>

<h1>Megastome</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg"a*stome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>me`gas</grk> great + <grk>sto`ma</grk> mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group of univalve shells, having a large aperture or mouth.</def>

<h1>Megathere, Megatherium</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw><hw>Meg"a*there</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Meg`a*the"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>megatherium</ets>, fr. Gr. <grk>me`gas</grk> great + <grk>thyri`on</grk> beast.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct gigantic quaternary mammal, allied to the ant-eaters and sloths. Its remains are found in South America.</def>

<h1>Megatheroid</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg`a*the"roid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Megatherium</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>One of a family of extinct edentates found in America. The family includes the megatherium, the megalonyx, etc.</def>

<h1>Megavolt</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg`a*volt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mega-</ets> + <ets>volt</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>One of the larger measures of electro-motive force, amounting to one million volts.</def>

<h1>Megaweber</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg`a*we"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mega-</ets> + <ets>weber</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A million webers.</def>

<h1>Megerg</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg"erg`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mega-</ets> + <ets>erg</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>One of the larger measures of work, amounting to one million ergs; -- called also <altname>megalerg</altname>.</def>

<h1>Megilp, Megilph</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw><hw>Me*gilp"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Me*gilph"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>A gelatinous compound of linseed oil and mastic varnish, used by artists as a vehicle for colors.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>magilp</asp>, and <asp>magilph</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Megohm</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meg"ohm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mega-</ets> + <ets>ohm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>One of the larger measures of electrical resistance, amounting to one million ohms.</def>

<h1>Megrim</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Me"grim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>migrim</ets>, <ets>migrene</ets>, F. <ets>migraine</ets>, LL. <ets>hemigrania</ets>, L. <ets>hemicrania</ets>, <ets>hemicranium</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/- half + <?/ skull. See <er>Hemi-</er> and <er>Cranium</er>, and cf. <er>Hemicrania</er>, <er>Migraine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of sick or nevrous headache, usually periodical and confined to one side of the head.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fancy; a whim; a freak; a humor; esp., in the plural, lowness of spirits.</def>

<blockquote>These are his <b>megrims</b>, firks, and melancholies.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A sudden vertigo in a horse, succeeded sometimes by unconsciousness, produced by an excess of blood in the brain; a mild form of apoplexy.</def>

<i>Youatt.</i>

<h1>Megrim</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Me"grim</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The British smooth sole, or scaldfish (<spn>Psetta arnoglossa</spn>).</def>

<h1>Meibomian</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Mei*bo"mi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or discovered by, <i>Meibomius</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Meibomian glands</col>, <cd>the slender sebaceous glands of the eyelids, which discharge, through minute orifices in the edges of the lids, a fatty secretion serving to lubricate the adjacent parts.</cd></cs>

<h1>Meine</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Meine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Menge</er>.</def>

<h1>Meine, Meiny</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw><hw>Mein"e</hw>, <hw>Mein"y</hw>, <tt>(<?/)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>maisni\'82e</ets>, <ets>maisnie</ets>. See <er>Menial</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A family, including servants, etc.; household; retinue; train.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Company; band; army.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Meiocene</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Mei"o*cene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Miocene</er>.</def>

<h1>Meionite</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Mei"o*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ smaller. So called in a allusion to the low pyramids of the crystals.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A member of the scapolite, group, occuring in glassy crystals on Monte Somma, near Naples.</def>

<h1>Meiosis</h1>
<Xpage=909>

<hw>Mei*o"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to make smaller, from <?/. See <er>Meionite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Diminution; a species of hyperbole, representing a thing as being less than it really is.</def>

<h1>Melostemonous</h1>
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<hw>Mel`o*stem"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ smaller + <?/ warp, thread.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having fever stamens than the parts of the corolla.</def>

<h1>Meistersinger</h1>
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<hw>Meis"ter*sing`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <def>See <er>Mastersinger</er>.</def>

<h1>Mekhitarist</h1>
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<hw>Mekh"i*tar*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Ecc. Hist.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mechitarist</er>.</def>

<h1>Melaconite</h1>
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<hw>Me*lac"o*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ black + <?/ dust.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An earthy black oxide of copper, arising from the decomposition of other ores.</def>

<h1>Melada, Melado</h1>
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<hw><hw>Me*la"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Me*la"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., prop. p. p. of <ets>melar</ets> to sugar, candy, fr. L. <ets>mel</ets> honey. See <er>Molasses</er>.]</ety> <def>A mixture of sugar and molasses; crude sugar as it comes from the pans without being drained.</def>

<h1>Mel\'91na</h1>
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<hw>Me*l\'91"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, m., <?/, f., black.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A discharge from the bowels of black matter, consisting of altered blood.</def>

<h1>Melain</h1>
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<hw>Mel"ain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mel</er><?/<er>na</er>.]</ety> <def>The dark coloring matter of the liquid of the cuttlefish.</def>

<h1>Melainotype</h1>
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<hw>Me*lai"no*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Melanotype</er>.</def>

<h1>Melam</h1>
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<hw>Me"lam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82lam</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white or buff-colored granular powder, <?/<?/<?/, obtained by heating ammonium sulphocyanate.</def>

<h1>Melamine</h1>
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<hw>Me*lam"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A strong nitrogenous base, <chform>C3H6N6</chform>, produced from several cyanogen compounds, and obtained as a white crystalline substance, -- formerly supposed to be produced by the decomposition of <i>melam</i>. Called also <altname>cyanuramide</altname>.</def>

<h1>Melampode</h1>
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<hw>Mel"am*pode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>The black hellebore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Melampyrin, Melampyrite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mel`am*py"rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mel`am*py"rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Melampyrum</ets> cowwheat; Gr. <?/ black + <?/ wheat.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The saccharine substance dulcite; -- so called because found in the leaves of cowwheat (<spn>Melampyrum</spn>). See <er>Dulcite</er>.</def>

<h1>Melan\'91mia</h1>
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<hw>Mel`a*n\'91"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, -<?/, black + <?/ blood.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid condition in which the blood contains black pigment either floating freely or imbedded in the white blood corpuscles.</def>

<h1>Melanagogue</h1>
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<hw>Me*lan"a*gogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, black + <?/ leading, driving, <?/ to lead.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine supposed to expel black bile or choler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Melancholia</h1>
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<hw>Mel`an*cho"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Melancholy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of mental unsoundness characterized by extreme depression of spirits, ill-grounded fears, delusions, and brooding over one particular subject or train of ideas.</def>

<h1>Melancholian</h1>
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<hw>Mel`an*cho"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person affected with melancholy; a melancholic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. J. Scott.</i>

<h1>Melancholic</h1>
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<hw>Mel"an*chol`ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>melancholicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>m\'82lancholique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Given to melancholy; depressed; melancholy; dejected; unhappy.</def>

<blockquote>Just as the <b>melancholic</b> eye
Sees fleets and armies in the sky.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Melancholic</h1>
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<hw>Mel"an*chol`ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One affected with a gloomy state of mind.</def>

<i>J. Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gloomy state of mind; melancholy.</def>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<h1>Melancholily</h1>
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<hw>Mel"an*chol`i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a melancholy manner.</def>

<h1>Melancholiness</h1>
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<hw>Mel"an*chol`i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being melancholy.</def>

<i>Hallywell.</i>

<h1>Melancholious</h1>
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<hw>Mel`an*cho"li*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>melancholieux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Melancholy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Melancholist</h1>
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<hw>Mel"an*chol*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One affected with melancholy or dejection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Melancholize</h1>
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<hw>Mel"an*cho*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become gloomy or dejected in mind.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Melancholize</h1>
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<hw>Mel"an*cho*lize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make melancholy.</def>

<h1>Melancholy</h1>
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<hw>Mel"an*chol*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>melancolie</ets>, F. <ets>m\'82lancolie</ets>, L. <ets>melancholia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/, -<?/, black + <?/ gall, bile. See <er>Malice</er>, and 1st <er>Gall</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Depression of spirits; a gloomy state continuing a considerable time; deep dejection; gloominess.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Great and continued depression of spirits, amounting to mental unsoundness; melancholia.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pensive maditation; serious thoughtfulness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Hail, divinest <i>Melancholy</i> !"

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Ill nature.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Melancholy</h1>
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<hw>Mel"an*chol*y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Depressed in spirits; dejected; gloomy dismal.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Producing great evil and grief; causing dejection; calamitous; afflictive; <as>as, a <ex>melancholy</ex> event</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Somewhat deranged in mind; having the jugment impaired.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Reynolds.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Favorable to meditation; somber.</def>

<blockquote>A pretty, <b>melancholy</b> seat, well wooded and watered.
<i>Evelin.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Gloomy; sad; dispirited; low-spirited; downhearted; unhappy; hypochondriac; disconsolate; heavy, doleful; dismal; calamitous; afflictive.</syn>

<h1>Melanesian</h1>
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<hw>Mel`a*ne"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. -<?/, black + <?/ island. <ets>Melanesia</ets> was so called from the dark complexion of the natives.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Melanesia.</def>

<h1>M\'82lange</h1>
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<hw>M\'82`lange"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Mell</er>, <er>Meddle</er>.]</ety> <def>A mixture; a medley.</def>

<h1>Melanian</h1>
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<hw>Me*la"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a family of fresh-water pectinibranchiate mollusks, having a turret-shaped shell.</def>

<h1>Melanic</h1>
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<hw>Me*lan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, -<?/, black.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Melanotic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the black-haired races.</def>

<i>Prichard.</i>

<h1>Melaniline</h1>
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<hw>Me*lan"i*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A complex nitrogenous hydrocarbon obtained artificially (as by the action of cyanogen chloride on aniline) as a white, crystalline substance; -- called also <altname>diphenyl guanidin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Melanin</h1>
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<hw>Mel"a*nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, -<?/, black.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A black pigment found in the pigment-bearing cells of the skin (particularly in the skin of the negro), in the epithelial cells of the external layer of the retina (then called <altname>fuscin</altname>), in the outer layer of the choroid, and elsewhere. It is supposed to be derived from the decomposition of hemoglobin.</def>

<hr>
<page="910">
Page 910<p>

<h1>Melanism</h1>
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<hw>Mel"a*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, black.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An indue development of dark-colored pigment in the skin or its appendages; -- the opposite of <i>albinism</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease; black jaundice. See <er>Mel<?/na</er>.</def>

<h1>Melanistic</h1>
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<hw>Mel`a*nis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with melanism; of the nature of melanism.</def>

<h1>Melanite</h1>
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<hw>Mel"a*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, black: cf. F. <ets>m\'82lanite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A black variety of garnet.</def>

<h1>Melanochroi</h1>
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<hw>Mel`a*noch"ro*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Melanochroic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A group of the human race, including the dark whites.</def>

<h1>Melanochroic</h1>
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<hw>Mel`a*no*chro"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, black + <?/ color.]</ety> <def>Having a dark complexion; of or pertaining to the Melanochroi.</def>

<h1>Melanochroite</h1>
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<hw>Mel`a*no*chro"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Melanochroic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a red, or brownish or yellowish red color. It is a chromate of lead; -- called also <altname>ph\'d2nicocroite</altname>.</def>

<h1>Melanocomous</h1>
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<hw>Mel`a*noc"o*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, black + <?/ hair.]</ety> <def>Having very dark or black hair; black-haired.</def>

<i>Prichard.</i>

<h1>Melanorrh\'d2a</h1>
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<hw>Mel`a*nor*rh\'d2"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, black + <?/ to flow.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An East Indian genus of large trees. <spn>Melanorrh&oe;a usitatissima</spn> is the lignum-vit\'91 of Peru, and yelds a valuable black varnish.</def>
<-- #"Peru" in original was "Pegu" -- must be an error, so changed here. -->

<h1>Melanoscope</h1>
<Xpage=910>

<hw>Me*lan"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, black + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>An instrument containing a combination of colored glasses such that they transmit only red light, so that objects of other colors, as green leaves, appear black when seen through it. It is used for viewing colored flames, to detect the presence of potassium, lithium, etc., by the red light which they emit.</def>

<h1>Melanosis</h1>
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<hw>Mel`a*no"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a growing black, fr. <?/, <?/, black.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The morbid deposition of black matter, often of a malignant character, causing pigmented tumors.</def>

<h1>Melanosperm</h1>
<Xpage=910>

<hw>Me*lan"o*sperm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, black + <?/ seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An alga of any kind that produces blackish spores, or seed dust. The melanosperms include the rockweeds and all kinds of kelp.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mel`a*no*sper"mous</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Melanotic</h1>
<Xpage=910>

<hw>Mel`a*not"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, Melanistic.</def>

<h1>Melanotype</h1>
<Xpage=910>

<hw>Me*lan"o*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, black + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A positive picture produced with sensitized collodion on a smooth surface of black varnish, coating a thin plate of iron; also, the process of making such a picture.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>melainotype</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Melanterite</h1>
<Xpage=910>

<hw>Me*lan"ter*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous sulphate of iron of a green color and vitreous luster; iron vitriol.</def>

<h1>Melanure</h1>
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<hw>Mel"a*nure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>melanurus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, black + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fish of the Mediterranean; a gilthead. See <er>Gilthead</er> <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Melanuric</h1>
<Xpage=910>

<hw>Mel`a*nu"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Melam</ets> + <ets>urea</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid obtained by decomposition of melam, or of urea, as a white crystalline powder; -- called also <altname>melanurenic acid</altname>.</def>

<h1>Melaphyre</h1>
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<hw>Mel"a*phyre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, black + por<ets>phyre</ets> porphyry.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Any one of several dark-colored augitic, eruptive rocks allied to basalt.</def>

<h1>Melasma</h1>
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<hw>Me*las"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ black spot.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A dark discoloration of the skin, usually local; <as>as, Addison's <ex>melasma</ex>, or Addison's disease</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Me*las"mic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Melasses</h1>
<Xpage=910>

<hw>Me*las"ses</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Molasses</er>.</def>

<h1>Melassic</h1>
<Xpage=910>

<hw>Me*las"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Molasses</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from molasses or glucose, and probably identical with saccharic acid. See </def><er>Saccharic</er>.</def>

<h1>Melastoma</h1>
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<hw>Me*las"to*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ black + <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of evergreen tropical shrubs; -- so called from the black berries of some species, which stain the mouth.</def>

<h1>Melastomaceous</h1>
<Xpage=910>

<hw>Mel`a*sto*ma"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the order of which Melastoma is the type.</def>

<h1>Melchite</h1>
<Xpage=910>

<hw>Mel"chite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>melek</ets> king.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect, chiefly in Syria and Egypt, which acknowledges the authority of the pope, but adheres to the liturgy and ceremonies of the Eastern Church.</def>

<h1>Meleagrine</h1>
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<hw>Mel`e*a"grine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the genus Meleagris.</def>

<h1>Meleagris</h1>
<Xpage=910>

<hw>Mel`e*a"gris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the Guinea fowl.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of American gallinaceous birds, including the common and the wild turkeys.</def>

<h1>M\'88l\'82e</h1>
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<hw>M\'88`l\'82e"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>m\'88ler</ets> to mix. See <er>Meddle</er>, <er>Mell</er>, and cf. <er>Mellay</er>.]</ety> <def>A fight in which the combatants are mingled<?/in one confused mass; a hand to hand conflict; an affray.</def>

<h1>Melena</h1>
<Xpage=910>

<hw>Me*le"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mel<?/na</er>.</def>

<h1>Melene</h1>
<Xpage=910>

<hw>Mel"ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mel</ets>issic + ethyl<ets>ene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An unsaturated hydrocarbon, <chform>C30H60</chform>, of the ethylene series, obtained from beeswax as a white, scaly, crystalline wax; -- called also <altname>melissene</altname>, and <altname>melissylene</altname>.</def>

<h1>Melenite</h1>
<Xpage=910>

<hw>Mel"e*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>me`li</grk> honey.]</ety> <def>An explosive of great destructive power; -- so called from its color, which resembles honey.</def>

<h1>Meletin</h1>
<Xpage=910>

<hw>Mel"e*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Quercitin</er>.</def>

<h1>Melezitose</h1>
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<hw>Me*lez"i*tose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82l\'8aze</ets> the larch + mel<ets>itose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A variety of sugar, isomeric with sucrose, extracted from the manna of the larch (<spn>Larix</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>melicitose</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Meliaceous</h1>
<Xpage=910>

<hw>Me`li*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a natural order (<spn>Meliac\'91</spn>) of plants of which the genus <spn>Melia</spn> is the type. It includes the mahogany and the Spanish cedar.</def>

<h1>Melibean, Melib</an</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mel`i*be"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mel`i*b<?/"an</hw><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>Meliboeus</ets>, one of the interlocutors in Virgil's first Eclogue.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Alternately responsive, as verses.</def>

<h1>Melic</h1>
<Xpage=910>

<hw>Mel"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ song.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to song; lyric; tuneful.</def>

<h1>Melicerous</h1>
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<hw>Me*lic"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>meliceris</ets> a kind of tumor, fr. Gr. <?/; <grk>me`li</grk> honey + <?/ wax.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Consisting of or containing matter like honey; -- said of certain encysted tumors.</def>

<h1>Melic grass</h1>
<Xpage=910>

<hw>Mel"ic grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of grasses (<spn>Melica</spn>) of little agricultural importance.</def>

<h1>Melicotoon</h1>
<Xpage=910>

<hw>Mel`i*co*toon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Melocoton</er>.</def>

<h1>Melicratory</h1>
<Xpage=910>

<hw>Me*lic"ra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>meli`kraton</grk>.]</ety> <def>A meadlike drink.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Melilite</h1>
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<hw>Mel"i*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>me`li</grk> honey + <ets>-lite</ets>; cf. F. <ets>m\'82lilithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occurring in small yellow crystals, found in the lavas (<it>melilite basalt</it>) of Vesuvius, and elsewhere. <altsp>[Written also <asp>mellilite</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Melilot</h1>
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<hw>Mel"i*lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82lilot</ets>, L. <ets>melilotus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a kind of clover containing honey; <grk>me`li</grk> honey + <?/ lotus.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any species of <spn>Melilotus</spn>, a genus of leguminous herbs having a vanillalike odor; sweet clover; hart's clover. The blue melilot (<spn>Melilotus c\'91rulea</spn>) is used in Switzerland to give color and flavor to sapsago cheese.</def>

<h1>Melilotic</h1>
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<hw>Mel`i*lot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, sweet clover or meliot; specifically, designating an acid of the aromatic series, obtained from melilot as a white crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Meliorate</h1>
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<hw>Mel"io*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Meliorated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Meliorating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>melioratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>meliorare</ets> to meliorate, fr. <ets>melior</ets> better; akin to Gr. <?/ rather, <?/ very. Cf. <er>Ameliorate</er>.]</ety> <def>To make better; to improve; to ameliorate; to soften; to make more tolerable.</def>

<blockquote>Nature by art we nobly <b>meliorate</b>.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The pure and bening light of revelation has had a <b>meliorating</b> influence on mankind.
<i>Washington.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Meliorate</h1>
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<hw>Mel"io*rate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow better.</def>

<h1>Meliorater</h1>
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<hw>Mel"io*ra`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Meliorator</er>.</def>

<h1>Melioration</h1>
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<hw>Mel`io*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>melioratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or operation of meliorating, or the state of being meliorated; improvement.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Meliorator</h1>
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<hw>Mel"io*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who meliorates.</def>

<h1>Meliorism</h1>
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<hw>Mel"io*rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>melior</ets> better.]</ety> <def>The doctrine that there is a tendency throughout nature toward improvement.</def>

<i>J. Sully.</i>

<h1>Meliority</h1>
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<hw>Mel*ior"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>melioritas</ets>, fr. L. <ets>melior</ets>. See <er>Meliorate</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being better; melioration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Meliphagan</h1>
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<hw>Me*liph"a*gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>me`li</grk> honey + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the genus <spn>Meliphaga</spn>.</def>

<h1>Meliphagan</h1>
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<hw>Me*liph"a*gan</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the genus <spn>Meliphaga</spn> and allied genera; a honey eater; -- called also <altname>meliphagidan</altname>.</def>

<h1>Meliphagous</h1>
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<hw>Me*liph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Meliphagan</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>Eating, or feeding upon, honey.</def>

<h1>Melisma</h1>
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<hw>Me*lis"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Melismata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a song.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A piece of melody; a song or tune, -- as opposed to <i>recitative</i> or musical declamation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A grace or embellishment.</def>

<h1>Melissa</h1>
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<hw>Me*lis"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>me`lissa</grk> a bee, honey.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of labiate herbs, including the balm, or bee balm (<spn>Melissa officinalis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Melissic</h1>
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<hw>Me*lis"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>me`lissa</grk> a bee, honey.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, beeswax; specif., denoting an acid obtained by oxidation of myricin.</def>

<h1>Melissyl</h1>
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<hw>Me*lis"syl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meliss</ets>ic +<ets>yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Myricyl</er>.</def>

<h1>Melissylene</h1>
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<hw>Me*lis"sy*lene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meliss</ets>ic + <ets>-yl</ets> + <ets>-ene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Melene</er>.</def>

<h1>Melitose</h1>
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<hw>Mel"i*tose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>me`li</grk> honey.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A variety of sugar isomeric with sucrose, extracted from cotton seeds and from the so-called Australian manna (a secretion of certain species of Eucalyptus).</def>

<h1>Mell</h1>
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<hw>Mell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'88ler</ets>, OF. <ets>meller</ets>, <ets>mester</ets>. See <er>Meddle</er>.]</ety> <def>To mix; to meddle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mell</h1>
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<hw>Mell</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mellifluous</er>.]</ety> <def>Honey.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Warner.</i>

<h1>Mell</h1>
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<hw>Mell</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mellate</h1>
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<hw>Mel"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mel</ets>, <ets>mellis</ets>, honey. Cf. <er>Mellitate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A mellitate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mellay</h1>
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<hw>Mel"lay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A m\'88l\'82e; a conflict.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Mellic</h1>
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<hw>Mel"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mellitic</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Melliferous</h1>
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<hw>Mel*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mellifer</ets>; <ets>mel</ets>, <ets>mellis</ets>, honey + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Producing honey.</def>

<h1>Mellific</h1>
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<hw>Mel*lif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mel</ets>, <ets>mellis</ets>, honey + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>Producing honey.</def>

<h1>Mellification</h1>
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<hw>Mel`li*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mellificare</ets> to make honey: cf. F. <ets>mellification</ets>. See <er>Mellific</er>.]</ety> <def>The making or production of honey.</def>

<h1>Mellifluence</h1>
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<hw>Mel*lif"lu*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flow of sweetness, or a sweet, smooth flow.</def>

<h1>Mellifluent</h1>
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<hw>Mel*lif"lu*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mellifluens</ets>. See <er>Mellifluous</er>.]</ety> <def>Flowing as with honey; smooth; mellifluous.</def>

<h1>Mellifluently</h1>
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<hw>Mel*lif"lu*ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a mellifluent manner.</def>

<h1>Mellifluous</h1>
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<hw>Mel*lif"lu*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mellifluus</ets>; <ets>mel</ets>, <ets>mellis</ets>, honey (akin to Gr. <?/, Goth. <ets>milip</ets>) + <ets>fluere</ets> to flow. See <er>Mildew</er>, <er>Fluent</er>, and cf. <er>Marmalade</er>.]</ety> <def>Flowing as with honey; smooth; flowing sweetly or smoothly; <as>as, a <ex>mellifluous</ex> voice</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mel*lif"lu*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Melligenous</h1>
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<hw>Mel*lig"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mel</ets>, <ets>mellis + -genous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the qualities of honey.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Melligo</h1>
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<hw>Mel*li"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Honeydew.</def>

<h1>Melliloquent</h1>
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<hw>Mel*lil"o*quent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mel</ets>, <ets>mellis</ets> honey + <ets>loquens</ets> speaking, p. pr. of <ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>Speaking sweetly or harmoniously.</def>

<h1>Melliphagan</h1>
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<hw>Mel*liph"a*gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Meliphagan</er>.</def>

<h1>Melliphagous</h1>
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<hw>Mel*liph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Meliphagous</er>.</def>

<h1>Mellitate</h1>
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<hw>Mel"li*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mellitate</ets>. See <er>Mellitic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of mellitic acid.</def>

<h1>Mellite</h1>
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<hw>Mel"lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mel</ets>, <ets>mellis</ets>, honey: cf. F. <ets>mellite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a honey color, found in brown coal, and partly the result of vegetable decomposition; honeystone. It is a mellitate of alumina.</def>

<h1>Mellitic</h1>
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<hw>Mel*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mellitique</ets>. See <er>Mellite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Containing saccharine matter; marked by saccharine secretions; <as>as, <ex>mellitic</ex> diabetes</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the mineral mellite.</def>

<cs><col>Mellitic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white, crystalline, organic substance, <chform>C6(CO2H)6</chform>, occurring naturally in combination with aluminium in the mineral mellite, and produced artificially by the oxidation of coal, graphite, etc., and hence called also <altname>graphitic acid</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mellone</h1>
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<hw>Mel"lone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow powder, <chform>C6H3N9</chform>, obtained from certain sulphocyanates. It has acid properties and forms compounds called <i>mellonides</i>.</def>

<h1>Mellonide</h1>
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<hw>Mel"lon*ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mellone</er>.</def>

<h1>Mellow</h1>
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<hw>Mel"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Mellower</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Mellowest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>melwe</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>mearu</ets> soft, D. <ets>murw</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>mollig</ets> soft, D. <ets>malsch</ets>, and E. <ets>meal</ets> flour.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Soft or tender by reason of ripeness; having a tender pulp; <as>as, a <ex>mellow</ex> apple</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> Hence: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Easily worked or penetrated; not hard or rigid; <as>as, a <ex>mellow</ex> soil</as>.</def> "<i>Mellow</i> glebe." <i>Drayton</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not coarse, rough, or harsh; subdued; soft; rich; delicate; -- said of sound, color, flavor, style, etc.</def> "The <i>mellow</i> horn." <i>Wordsworth</i>. "The <i>mellow</i>-tasted Burgundy." <i>Thomson</i>.

<blockquote>The tender flush whose <b>mellow</b> stain imbues
Heaven with all freaks of light.
<i>Percival.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Well matured; softened by years; genial; jovial.</def>

<blockquote>May health return to <b>mellow</b> age.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As merry and <b>mellow</b> an old bachelor as ever followed a hound.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Warmed by liquor; slightly intoxicated.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Mellow</h1>
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<hw>Mel"low</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mellowed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mellowing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make mellow.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>If the Weather prove frosty to <b>mellow</b> it [the ground], they do not plow it again till April.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The fervor of early feeling is tempered and <b>mellowed</b> by the ripeness of age.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mellow</h1>
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<hw>Mel"low</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become mellow; <as>as, ripe fruit soon <ex>mellows</ex></as>.</def> "Prosperity begins to <i>mellow</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mellowly</h1>
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<hw>Mel"low*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a mellow manner.</def>

<h1>Mellowness</h1>
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<hw>Mel"low*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality or state of being mellow.</def>

<h1>Mellowy</h1>
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<hw>Mel"low*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Soft; unctuous.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Melluco</h1>
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<hw>Mel*lu"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A climbing plant (<spn>Ullucus officinalis</spn>) of the Andes, having tuberous roots which are used as a substitute for potatoes.</def>

<h1>Melne</h1>
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<hw>Mel"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Melocoton, Melocotoon</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mel`o*co*ton"</hw>, <hw>Mel`o*co*toon"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>melocoton</ets> a kind of peach tree and its fruit, L. <ets>malum cotonium</ets>, or <ets>cotonea</ets>, or <ets>Cydonia</ets>, a quince, or quince tree, lit., apple of <ets>Cydonia</ets>, Gr. <?/ <?/. See <er>Quince</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A quince.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A kind of peach having one side deep red, and the flesh yellow.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>malacatoon</asp>, <asp>malacotune</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Melodeon</h1>
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<hw>Me*lo"de*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ musical. See <er>Melody</er>, and cf. <er>Odeon</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A kind of small reed organ; -- a portable form of the seraphine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A music hall.</def>

<h1>Melodic</h1>
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<hw>Me*lod"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>melodicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>m\'82lodique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of melody; relating to, containing, or made up of, melody; melodious.</def>

<h1>Melodics</h1>
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<hw>Me*lod"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The department of musical science which treats of the pitch of tones, and of the laws of melody.</def>

<h1>Melodiograph</h1>
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<hw>Me*lo"di*o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Melody</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A contrivance for preserving a record of music, by recording the action of the keys of a musical instrument when played upon.</def>

<h1>Melodious</h1>
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<hw>Me*lo"di*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82lodieux</ets>. See <er>Melody</er>.]</ety> <def>Containing, or producing, melody; musical; agreeable to the ear by a sweet succession of sounds; <as>as, a <ex>melodious</ex> voice</as>.</def> "A <i>melodious</i> voice." "A <i>melodious</i> undertone." <i>Longfellow</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Me*lo"di*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Me*lo"di*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Melodist</h1>
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<hw>Mel"o*dist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82lodiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A composer or singer of melodies.</def>

<h1>Melodize</h1>
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<hw>Mel"o*dize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Melodized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Melodizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make melodious; to form into, or set to, melody.</def>

<h1>Melodize</h1>
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<hw>Mel"o*dize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make melody; to compose melodies; to harmonize.</def>

<h1>Melodrama</h1>
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<hw>Mel`o*dra"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82lodrame</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ song + <?/ drama.]</ety> <def>Formerly, a kind of drama having a musical accompaniment to intensify the effect of certain scenes. Now, a drama abounding in romantic sentiment and agonizing situations, with a musical accompaniment only in parts which are especially thrilling or pathetic. In opera, a passage in which the orchestra plays a somewhat descriptive accompaniment, while the actor speaks; <as>as, the <ex>melodrama</ex> in the gravedigging scene of Beethoven's "Fidelio"</as>.</def>

<h1>Melodramatic</h1>
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<hw>Mel`o*dra*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82lodramatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to melodrama; like or suitable to a melodrama; unnatural in situation or action.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mel`o*dra*mat"ic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Melodramatist</h1>
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<hw>Mel`o*dram"a*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who acts in, or writes, melodramas.</def>

<h1>Melodrame</h1>
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<hw>Mel"o*drame</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Melodrama.</def>

<h1>Melody</h1>
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<hw>Mel"o*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Melodies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>melodie</ets>, F. <ets>m\'82lodie</ets>, L. <ets>melodia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a singing, choral song, fr. <?/ musical, melodious; <?/ song, tune + <?/ song. See <er>Ode</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A sweet or agreeable succession of sounds.</def>

<blockquote>Lulled with sound of sweetest <b>melody</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A rhythmical succession of single tones, ranging for the most part within a given key, and so related together as to form a musical whole, having the unity of what is technically called a musical thought, at once pleasing to the ear and characteristic in expression.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Melody</i> consists in a succession of single tones; <i>harmony</i> is a consonance or agreement of tones, also a succession of consonant musical combinations or chords.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The air or tune of a musical piece.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Harmony</er>.</syn>

<h1>Meloe</h1>
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<hw>Mel"o*e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[ NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to probe a wound.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of beetles without wings, but having short oval elytra; the oil beetles. These beetles are sometimes used instead of cantharides for raising blisters. See <cref>Oil beetle</cref>, under <er>Oil</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="911">
Page 911<p>

<h1>Melograph</h1>
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<hw>Mel"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a song + <ets>-graph</ets> : cf. F. <ets>m\'82lographe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Melodiograph</er>.</def>

<h1>Melolonthidian</h1>
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<hw>Mel`o*lon*thid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the cockchafer.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beetle of the genus <spn>Melolontha</spn>, and allied genera. See <cref>May beetle</cref>, under <er>May</er>.</def>

<h1>Melon</h1>
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<hw>Mel"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>melo</ets>, for <ets>melopepo</ets> an apple-shaped melon, Gr. <?/ ; <?/ apple + <?/ a species of large melon; cf. L. <ets>malum</ets> apple. Cf. <er>Marmalade</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The juicy fruit of certain cucurbitaceous plants, as the muskmelon, watermelon, and citron melon; also, the plant that produces the fruit.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large, ornamental, marine, univalve shell of the genus <spn>Melo</spn>.</def>

<cs><col>Melon beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small leaf beetle (<spn>Diabrotiea vittata</spn>), which damages the leaves of melon vines.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Melon cactus</col>, <col>Melon thistle</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A genus of cactaceous plants (<spn>Melocactus</spn>) having a fleshy and usually globose stem with the surface divided into spiny longitudinal ridges, and bearing at the top a prickly and woolly crown in which the small pink flowers are half concealed</cd>. <spn>M. communis</spn>, from the West Indies, is often cultivated, and sometimes called <stype>Turk's cap</stype>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The related genus <spn>Mamillaria</spn>, in which the stem is tubercled rather than ribbed, and the flowers sometimes large. See <i>Illust<i>. under <er>Cactus</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Melopiano</h1>
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<hw>Mel`o*pi*a"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ song + E. <ets>piano</ets>.]</ety> <def>A piano having a mechanical attachment which enables the player to prolong the notes at will.</def>

<h1>Meloplastic</h1>
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<hw>Mel`o*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to meloplasty, or the artificial formation of a new cheek.</def>

<h1>Meloplasty</h1>
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<hw>Mel"o*plas`ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an apple, a cheek + <ets>-plasty</ets>: cf. F. <ets>m\'82loplastie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The process of restoring a cheek which has been destroyed wholly or in part.</def>

<h1>Melop</ia</h1>
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<hw>Mel`o*p<?/"ia</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/; song + <?/ to make.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The art of forming melody; melody; -- now often used for a melodic passage, rather than a complete melody.</def>

<h1>Melotype</h1>
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<hw>Mel"o*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A picture produced by a process in which development after exposure may be deferred indefinitely, so as to permit transportation of exposed plates; also, the process itself.</def>

<h1>Melpomene</h1>
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<hw>Mel*pom"e*ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, lit., the songstress, fr. <?/, <?/, to sing.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The Muse of tragedy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The eighteenth asteroid.</def>

<h1>Melrose</h1>
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<hw>Mel"rose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Honey of roses.</def>

<h1>Melt</h1>
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<hw>Melt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See 2d <er>Milt</er>.</def>

<h1>Melt</h1>
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<hw>Melt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Melted</er> <mark>(obs.)</mark> <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Molten</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Melting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>meltan</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/, E. <ets>malt</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>smelt</ets>, v. <?/. Cf. <er>Smelt</er>, <tt>v.</tt>, <er>Malt</er>, <er>Milt</er> the spleen.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce from a solid to a liquid state, as by heat; to liquefy; <as>as, to <ex>mell</ex> wax, tallow, or lead; to <ex>melt</ex> ice or snow.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: To soften, as by a warming or kindly influence; to relax; to render gentle or susceptible to mild influences; sometimes, in a bad sense, to take away the firmness of; to weaken.</def>

<blockquote>Thou would'st have . . . <b>melted</b> down thy youth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For pity <b>melts</b> the mind to love.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To liquefy; fuse; thaw; mollify; soften.</syn>

<h1>Melt</h1>
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<hw>Melt</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be changed from a solid to a liquid state under the influence of heat; <as>as, butter and wax <ex>melt</ex> at moderate temperatures</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dissolve; <as>as, sugar <ex>melts</ex> in the mouth</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: To be softened; to become tender, mild, or gentle; also, to be weakened or subdued, as by fear.</def>

<blockquote>My soul <b>melteth</b> for heaviness.
<i>Ps. cxix. 28.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Melting</b> with tenderness and kind compassion.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To lose distinct form or outline; to blend.</def>

<blockquote>The soft, green, rounded hills, with their flowing outlines, overlapping and <b>melting</b> into each other.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To disappear by being dispersed or dissipated; <as>as, the fog <ex>melts</ex> away</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Meltable</h1>
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<hw>Melt"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being melted.</def>

<h1>Melter</h1>
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<hw>Melt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, One who, or that which, melts.</def>

<h1>Melting</h1>
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<hw>Melt"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Liquefaction; the act of causing (something) to melt, or the process of becoming melted.</def>

<cs><col>Melting point</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the degree of temperature at which a solid substance melts or fuses; <as>as, the <ex>melting point<ex> of ice is 0&deg; Centigrade or 32&deg; Fahr., that of urea is 132&deg; Centigrade</as>.</cd> -- <col>Melting pot</col>, <cd>a vessel in which anything is melted; a crucible.</cd></cs>

<h1>Melting</h1>
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<hw>Melt"ing</hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing to melt; becoming melted; -- used literally or figuratively; <as>as, a <ex>melting</ex> heat; a <ex>melting</ex> appeal; a <ex>melting</ex> mood</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Melt"ing*ly</wf>, <ex>adv</ex>.</wordforms>

<h1>Melton</h1>
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<hw>Mel"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A kind of stout woolen cloth with unfinished face and without raised nap. A commoner variety has a cotton warp.</def>

<h1>Member</h1>
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<hw>Mem"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Remember</er>.]</ety> <def>To remember; to cause to remember; to mention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Member</h1>
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<hw>Mem"ber</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>membre</ets>, F. <ets>membre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>membrum</ets>; cf. Goth. <ets>mimz</ets> flesh, Skr. <ets>mamsa</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A part of an animal capable of performing a distinct office; an organ; a limb.</def>

<blockquote>We have many <b>members</b> in one body, and all <b>members</b> have not the same office.
<i>Rom. xii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, a part of a whole; an independent constituent of a body</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A part of a discourse or of a period or sentence; a clause; a part of a verse.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Either of the two parts of an algebraic equation, connected by the sign of equality.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>Any essential part, as a post, tie rod, strut, etc., of a framed structure, as a bridge truss.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Any part of a building, whether constructional, as a pier, column, lintel, or the like, or decorative, as a molding, or group of moldings.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>One of the persons composing a society, community, or the like; an individual forming part of an association; <as>as, a <ex>member</ex> of the society of Friends</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Compression member</col>, <col>Tension member</col></mcol> <fld>(Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a member, as a rod, brace, etc., which is subjected to compression or tension, respectively.</cd></cs>

<h1>Membered</h1>
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<hw>Mem"bered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having limbs; -- chiefly used in composition.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having legs of a different tincture from that of the body; -- said of a bird in heraldic representations.</def>

<h1>Membership</h1>
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<hw>Mem"ber*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being a member.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The collective body of members, as of a society.</def>

<h1>Membral</h1>
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<hw>Mem"bral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Relating to a member.</def>

<h1>Membranaceous</h1>
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<hw>Mem`bra*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>membranaceus</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Same as <er>Membranous</er>.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Thin and rather soft or pliable, as the leaves of the rose, peach tree, and aspen poplar.</def>

<h1>Membrane</h1>
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<hw>Mem"brane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>membrana</ets> the skin that covers the separate members of the body, fr. L. <ets>membrum</ets>. See <er>Member</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A thin layer or fold of tissue, usually supported by a fibrous network, serving to cover or line some part or organ, and often secreting or absorbing certain fluids.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is also often applied to the thin, expanded parts, of various texture, both in animals and vegetables.</note>

<cs><col>Adventitious membrane</col>, <cd>a membrane connecting parts not usually connected, or of a different texture from the ordinary connection; as, the membrane of a cicatrix.</cd> -- <col>Jacob's membrane</col>. <cd>See under <er>Retina</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mucous membranes</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the membranes lining passages and cavities which communicate with the exterior, as well as ducts and receptacles of secretion, and habitually secreting mucus.</cd> -- <col>Schneiderian membrane</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Schneiderian</er>.</cd> -- <col>Serous membranes</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>, the membranes, like the peritoneum and pleura, which line, or lie in, cavities having no obvious outlet, and secrete a serous fluid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Membraneous</h1>
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<hw>Mem*bra"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>membraneus</ets> of parchment.]</ety> <def>See <er>Membranous</er>.</def>

<h1>Membraniferous</h1>
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<hw>Mem`bra*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Membrane</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having or producing membranes.</def>

<h1>Membraniform</h1>
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<hw>Mem*bra"ni*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Membrane</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>membraniforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a membrane or of parchment.</def>

<h1>Membranology</h1>
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<hw>Mem`bra*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Membrane</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of membranes.</def>

<h1>Membranous</h1>
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<hw>Mem"bra*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>membraneux</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling, membrane; <as>as, a <ex>membranous</ex> covering or lining</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Membranaceous.</def>

<cs><col>Membranous croup</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>true croup. See <er>Croup</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Memento</h1>
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<hw>Me*men"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mementos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., remember, be mindful, imper. of <ets>meminisse</ets> to remember. See <er>Mention</er>.]</ety> <def>A hint, suggestion, token, or memorial, to awaken memory; that which reminds or recalls to memory; a souvenir.</def>

<blockquote>Seasonable <b>mementos</b> may be useful.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Meminna</h1>
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<hw>Me*min"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small deerlet, or chevrotain, of India.</def>

<h1>Memnon</h1>
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<hw>Mem"non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/, lit., the Steadfast, Resolute, the son of Tithonus and Aurora, and king of the Ethiopians, killed by Achilles.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A celebrated Egyptian statue near Thebes, said to have the property of emitting a harplike sound at sunrise.</def>

<h1>Memoir, or <pluf>pl.</pluf> Memoirs</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mem"oir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, or <pluf>pl.</pluf> <hw>Mem"oirs</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82moire</ets>, m., memorandum, fr. <ets>m\'82moire</ets>, f., memory, L. <ets>memoria</ets>. See <er>Memory</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A memorial account; a history composed from personal experience and memory; an account of transactions or events (usually written in familiar style) as they are remembered by the writer. See <er>History</er>, 2.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A memorial of any individual; a biography; often, a biography written without special regard to method and completeness.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An account of something deemed noteworthy; an essay; a record of investigations of any subject; the journals and proceedings of a society.</def>

<h1>Memoirist</h1>
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<hw>Mem"oir*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of memoirs.</def>

<h1>Memorabilia</h1>
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<hw>Mem`o*ra*bil"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>memorabilis</ets> memorable. See <er>Memorable</er>.]</ety> <def>Things remarkable and worthy of remembrance or record; also, the record of them.</def>

<h1>Memorability</h1>
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<hw>Mem`o*ra*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being memorable.</def>

<h1>Memorable</h1>
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<hw>Mem"o*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>memorabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>memorare</ets> to bring to remembrance, fr. <ets>memor</ets> mindful, remembering. See <er>Memory</er>, and cf. <er>Memorabilia</er>.]</ety> <def>Worthy to be remembered; very important or remarkable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mem"o*ra*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Mem"o*ra*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Surviving fame to gain,
Buy tombs, by books, by <b>memorable</b> deeds.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Memorandum</h1>
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<hw>Mem`o*ran"dum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Memorandums</plw>, L. <plw>Memoranda</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., something to be remembered, neut. of <ets>memorandus</ets>, fut. pass. p. of <ets>memorare</ets>. See <er>Memorable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A record of something which it is desired to remember; a note to help the memory.</def>

<blockquote>I . . . entered a <b>memorandum</b> in my pocketbook.
<i>Guardian.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I wish you would, as opportunity offers, make <b>memorandums</b> of the regulations of the academies.
<i>Sir J. Reynolds.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A brief or informal note in writing of some transaction, or an outline of an intended instrument; an instrument drawn up in a brief and compendious form.</def>

<cs><col>Memorandum check</col>, <cd>a check given as an acknowledgment of indebtedness, but with the understanding that it will not be presented at bank unless the maker fails to take it up on the day the debt becomes due. It usually has <i>Mem<i>. written on its face.</cd></cs>

<h1>Memorate</h1>
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<hw>Mem"o*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>memoratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>memorare</ets>. See <er>Memorable</er>.]</ety> <def>To commemorate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Memorative</h1>
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<hw>Mem"o*ra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82moratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Commemorative.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Memoria</h1>
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<hw>Me*mo"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Memory.</def>

<cs><col>Memoria technica</col>, <cd>technical memory; a contrivance for aiding the memory.</cd></cs>

<h1>Memorial</h1>
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<hw>Me*mo"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82morial</ets>, L. <ets>memorialis</ets>, fr. <ets>memoria</ets>. See <er>Memory</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Serving to preserve remembrance; commemorative; <as>as, a <ex>memorial</ex> building</as>.</def>

<blockquote>There high in air, <b>memorial</b> of my name,
Fix the smooth oar, and bid me live to fame.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> Contained in memory; <as>as, a <ex>memorial</ex> possession</as>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Mnemonic; assisting the memory.</def>

<blockquote>This succession of Aspirate, Soft, and Hard, may be expressed by the <b>memorial</b> word ASH.
<i>Skeat.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Memorial Day</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Decoration Day</er>. <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Memorial</h1>
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<hw>Me*mo"ri*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82morial</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything intended to preserve the memory of a person or event; something which serves to keep something else in remembrance; a monument.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>Churches have names; some as <b>memorials</b> of peace, some of wisdom, some in memory of the Trinity itself.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A memorandum; a record.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Hayward.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A written representation of facts, addressed to the government, or to some branch of it, or to a society, etc., -- often accompanied with a petition.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Memory; remembrance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Precious is the <b>memorial</b> of the just.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Diplomacy)</fld> <def>A species of informal state paper, much used in negotiation.</def>

<h1>Memorialist</h1>
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<hw>Me*mo"ri*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82morialiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who writes or signs a memorial.</def>

<h1>Memorialize</h1>
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<hw>Me*mo"ri*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Memorialized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Memorializing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To address or petition by a memorial; to present a memorial to; <as>as, to <ex>memorialize</ex> the legislature</as>.</def>

<i>T. Hook.</i>

<h1>Memorializer</h1>
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<hw>Me*mo"ri*al*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who petitions by a memorial.</def>

<i>T. Hook.</i>

<h1>Memorist</h1>
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<hw>Mem"o*rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Memorize</er>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, causes to be remembered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Memoriter</h1>
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<hw>Me*mor"i*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>memor</ets> mindful. See <er>Memorable</er>.]</ety> <def>By, or from, memory.</def>

<h1>Memorize</h1>
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<hw>Mem"o*rize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Memorized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Memorizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Memory</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to be remembered ; hence, to record.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They neglect to <b>memorize</b> their conquest.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They meant to . . . <b>memorize</b> another Golgotha.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To commit to memory; to learn by heart.</def>

<h1>Memory</h1>
<Xpage=911>

<hw>Mem"o*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Memories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>memorie</ets>, OF. <ets>memoire</ets>, <ets>memorie</ets>, F. <ets>m\'82moire</ets>, L. <ets>memoria</ets>, fr. <ets>memor</ets> mindful; cf. <ets>mora</ets> delay. Cf. <er>Demur</er>, <er>Martyr</er>, <er>Memoir</er>, <er>Remember</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The faculty of the mind by which it retains the knowledge of previous thoughts, impressions, or events.</def>

<blockquote><b>Memory</b> is the purveyor of reason.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The reach and positiveness with which a person can remember; the strength and trustworthiness of one's power to reach and represent or to recall the past; <as>as, his <ex>memory</ex> was never wrong</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The actual and distinct retention and recognition of past ideas in the mind; remembrance; <as>as, in <ex>memory</ex> of youth; <ex>memories</ex> of foreign lands.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The time within which past events can be or are remembered; <as>as, within the <ex>memory</ex> of man</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And what, before thy <b>memory</b>, was done
From the begining.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Something, or an aggregate of things, remembered; hence, character, conduct, etc., as preserved in remembrance, history, or tradition; posthumous fame; <as>as, the war became only a <ex>memory</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>memory</b> of the just is blessed.
<i>Prov. x. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That ever-living man of <b>memory</b>, Henry the Fifth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Nonconformists . . . have, as a body, always venerated her [Elizabeth's] <b>memory</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A memorial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>These weeds are <b>memories</b> of those worser hours.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Memory</er>, <er>Remembrance</er>, <er>Recollection</er>, <er>Reminiscence</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Memory</i> is the generic term, denoting the power by which we reproduce past impressions. <i>Remembrance</i> is an exercise of that power when things occur <i>spontaneously</i> to our thoughts. In <i>recollection</i> we make a distinct effort to <i>collect again</i>, or call back, what we know has been formerly in the mind. <i>Reminiscence</i> is intermediate between <i>remembrance</i> and <i>recollection</i>, being a conscious process of recalling past occurrences, but without that full and varied reference to particular things which characterizes <i>recollection</i>. "When an idea again recurs without the operation of the like object on the external sensory, it is <i>remembrance</i>; if it be sought after by the mind, and with pain and endeavor found, and brought again into view, it is <i>recollection</i>."</usage>

<i>Locke.</i>

<cs><col>To draw to memory</col>, <cd>to put on record; to record.  <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer. Gower.</i>

<h1>Memphian</h1>
<Xpage=911>

<hw>Mem"phi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the ancient city of Memphis in Egypt; hence, Egyptian; <as>as, <ex>Memphian</ex> darkness</as>.</def>

<h1>Men</h1>
<Xpage=911>

<hw>Men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <def><tt>pl.</tt> of <er>Man</er>.</def>

<h1>Men</h1>
<Xpage=911>

<hw>Men</hw>, <tt>pron.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>me</ets>, <ets>men</ets>. "Not the plural of <ets>man</ets>, but a weakened form of the word <ets>man</ets> itself." <ets>Skeat</ets>.]</ety> <def>A man; one; -- used with a verb in the singular, and corresponding to the present indefinite <i>one</i> or <i>they</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<blockquote><b>Men</b> moot give silver to the poure triars.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A privy thief, <b>men</b> clepeth death.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Menaccanite</h1>
<Xpage=911>

<hw>Me*nac"can*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Menaccan</ets>, in Cornwall, where it was first found.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An iron-black or steel-gray mineral, consisting chiefly of the oxides of iron and titanium. It is commonly massive, but occurs also in rhombohedral crystals. Called also <altname>titanic iron ore</altname>, and <altname>ilmenite</altname>.</def>

<h1>Menace</h1>
<Xpage=911>

<hw>Men"ace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>minaciae</ets> threats, menaces, fr. <ets>minax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, projecting, threatening, <ets>minae</ets> projecting points or pinnacles, threats. Cf. <er>Amenable</er>, <er>Demean</er>, <er>Imminent</er>, <er>Minatory</er>.]</ety> <def>The show of an intention to inflict evil; a threat or threatening; indication of a probable evil or catastrophe to come.</def>

<blockquote>His (the pope's) commands, his rebukes, his <b>menaces</b>.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The dark <b>menace</b> of the distant war.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="912">
Page 912<p>

<h1>Menace</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"ace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Menaced</er> <tt>(\'best)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Menacing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>menacier</ets>, F. <ets>menacer</ets>. See <er>Menace</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To express or show an intention to inflict, or to hold out a prospect of inflicting, evil or injury upon; to threaten; -- usually followed by <i>with</i> before the harm threatened; <as>as, to <ex>menace</ex> a country with war</as>.</def>

<blockquote>My master . . . did <b>menace</b> me with death.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To threaten, as an evil to be inflicted.</def>

<blockquote>By oath he <b>menaced</b>
Revenge upon the cardinal.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Menace</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"ace</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act in threatening manner; to wear a threatening aspect.</def>

<blockquote>Who ever knew the heavens <b>menace</b> so?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Menacer</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"a*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who menaces.</def>

<h1>Menacingly</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"a*cing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a threatening manner.</def>

<h1>M\'82nage</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>M\'82`nage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Manage</er>.</def>

<h1>M\'82nage</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>M\'82`nage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Menagerie</er>.]</ety> <def>A collection of animals; a menagerie.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Menagerie</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men*ag"er*ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82nagerie</ets>, fr. <ets>m\'82nager</ets> to keep house, <ets>m\'82nage</ets> household. See <er>Menial</er>, <er>Mansion</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piace where animals are kept and trained.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collection of wild or exotic animals, kept for exhibition.</def>

<h1>Menagogue</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"a*gogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82nagogue</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ month + <?/ leading.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Emmenagogue.</def>

<h1>Menaion</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Me*na"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Menaia</plw> <tt>(-y\'86)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ monthly.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A work of twelve volumes, each containing the offices in the Greek Church for a month; also, each volume of the same.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Menald, Menild</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw><hw>Men"ald</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Men"ild</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with spots; speckled; variegated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mend</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Mend</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>amend</ets>. See <er>Amend</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To repair, as anything that is torn, broken, defaced, decayed, or the like; to restore from partial decay, injury, or defacement; to patch up; to put in shape or order again; to re-create; <as>as, to <ex>mend</ex> a garment or a machine</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To alter for the better; to set right; to reform; hence, to quicken; <as>as, to <ex>mend</ex> one's manners or pace</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The best service they could do the state was to <b>mend</b> the lives of the persons who composed it.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To help, to advance, to further; to add to.</def>

<blockquote>Though in some lands the grass is but short, yet it <b>mends</b> garden herbs and fruit.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You <b>mend</b> the jewel by the wearing it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To improve; help; better; emend; amend; correct; rectify; reform.</syn>

<h1>Mend</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Mend</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow better; to advance to a better state; to become improved.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mendable</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Mend"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being mended.</def>

<h1>Mendacious</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men*da"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mendax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, lying, cf. <ets>mentiri</ets> to lie.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Given to deception or falsehood; lying; <as>as, a <ex>mendacious</ex> person</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>False; counterfeit; containing falsehood; <as>as, a <ex>mendacious</ex> statement</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Men*da"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Men*da"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mendacity</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men*dac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mendacities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>mendacitas</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being mendacious; a habit of lying.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A falsehood; a lie.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Lying; deceit; untruth; falsehood.</syn>

<h1>Mender</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Mend"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who mends or repairs.</def>

<h1>Mendiant</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"di*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mendinant</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mendicancy</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"di*can*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being mendicant; beggary; begging.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Mendicant</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"di*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mendicans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>mendicare</ets> to beg, fr. <ets>mendicus</ets> beggar, indigent.]</ety> <def>Practicing beggary; begging; living on alms; <as>as, <ex>mendicant</ex> friars</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Mendicant orders</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>certain monastic orders which are forbidden to acquire landed property and are required to be supported by alms, esp. the Franciscans, the Dominicans, the Carmelites, and the Augustinians.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mendicant</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"di*cant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A beggar; esp., one who makes a business of begging; specifically, a begging friar.</def>

<h1>Mendicate</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"di*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.& i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mendicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>mendicare</ets> to beg.]</ety> <def>To beg.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Mendication</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men`di*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or practice of begging; beggary; mendicancy.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Mendicity</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men*dic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mendicitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mendicit\'82</ets>. See <er>Mendicant</er>.]</ety> <def>The practice of begging; the life of a beggar; mendicancy.</def>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Mendinant</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"di*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mendicant or begging friar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mendment</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Mend"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Amendment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mendole</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"dole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mendol</ets>, <ets>mendole</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cackerel.</def>

<h1>Mendregal</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"dre*gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Medregal.</def>

<h1>Mends</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Mends</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Amends</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Menge</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Menge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Mente</er>, <er>Meinte</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Ment</er>, <er>Meint</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Mingle</er>.]</ety> <def>To mix.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Menhaden</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men*ha"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American marine fish of the Herring familt (<spn>Brevoortia tyrannus</spn>), chiefly valuable for its oil and as a component of fertilizers; -- called also <altname>mossbunker</altname>, <altname>bony fish</altname>, <altname>chebog</altname>, <altname>pogy</altname>, <altname>hardhead</altname>, <altname>whitefish</altname>, etc.</def>

<h1>Menhir</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"hir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. Armor. <ets>men</ets> stone + <ets>hir</ets> high.]</ety> <def>A large stone set upright in olden times as a memorial or monument. Many, of unknown date, are found in Brittany and throughout Northern Europe.</def>

<h1>Menial</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"ial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>meneal</ets>, fr. <ets>meine</ets>, <ets>maine</ets>, household, OF. <ets>maisni\'82e</ets>, <ets>maisnie</ets>, LL. <ets>mansionaticum</ets>. See <er>Mansion</er>, and cf. <er>Meine</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Meiny</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to a retinue or train of servants; performing servile office; serving.</def>

<blockquote>Two <b>menial</b> dogs before their master pressed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to servants, esp. domestic servants; servile; low; mean.</def> " <i>Menial</i> offices."

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Menial</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"ial</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A domestic servant or retainer, esp. one of humble rank; one employed in low or servile offices.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person of a servile character or disposition.</def>

<h1>M\'82ni\'8are's disease</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>M\'82`ni\'8are's" dis*ease"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease characterized by deafness and vertigo, resulting in inco\'94rdination of movement. It is supposed to depend upon a morbid condition of the semicircular canals of the internal ear. Named after <i>M\'82ni\'8are</i>, a French physician.</def>

<h1>Menilite</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"i*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82nilite</ets>; -- so called because it is found at <ets>M\'82nil</ets>montant, near Paris.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Opal</er>.</def>

<h1>Meningeal</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Me*nin"ge*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the meninges.</def>

<h1>Meninges</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Me*nin"ges</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Meninx</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a membrane.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord; the pia mater, dura mater, and arachnoid membrane.</def>

<h1>Meningitis</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men`in*gi"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Meninges</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the membranes of the brain or spinal cord.</def>

<cs><col>Cerebro-spinal meningitis</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cerebro-spinal</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Meniscal</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Me*nis"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or having the form of, a meniscus.</def>

<h1>Meniscoid</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Me*nis"coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meniscus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Concavo-convex, like a meniscus.</def>

<h1>Meniscus</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Me*nis"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Menisci</plw> <tt>(-s\'c6)</tt>, E. <plw>Meniscuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, dim. of <grk>mh`nh</grk> the moon.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A crescent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A lens convex on one side and concave on the other.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An interarticular synovial cartilage or membrane; esp., one of the intervertebral synovial disks in some parts of the vertebral column of birds.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Converging meniscus</col>, <col>Diverging meniscus</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Lens</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Menispermaceous</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men`i*sper*ma"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>mh`nh</grk> the moon + <grk>spe`rma</grk> seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a natural order (<spn>Menispermace&ae;</spn>) of climbing plants of which moonseed (<spn>Menispermum</spn>) is the type.</def>

<h1>Menispermic</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men`i*sper"mic</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, moonseed (<spn>Menispermum</spn>), or other plants of the same family, as the <spn>Anamirta Cocculus</spn></def>.

<h1>Menispermine</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men`i*sper"mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82nispermine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid distinct from picrotoxin and obtained from the cocculus indicus (the fruit of <spn>Anamirta Cocculus</spn>, formerly <spn>Menispermum Cocculus</spn>) as a white, crystalline, tasteless powder; -- called also <altname>menispermina</altname>.</def>

<h1>Meniver</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"i*ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>menuver</ets>, <ets>menuveir</ets>, <ets>menuvair</ets>, a grayish fur; <ets>menu</ets> small + <ets>vair</ets> a kind of fur. See <er>Minute</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Vair</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Miniver</er>.</def>

<h1>Mennonist, Mennonite</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw><hw>Men"non*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Men"non*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a small denomination of Christians, so called from <i>Menno</i> Simons of Friesland, their founder. They believe that the New Testament is the only rule of faith, that there is no original sin, that infants should not be baptized, and that Christians ought not to take oath, hold office, or render military service.</def>

<h1>Menobranch, Menobranchus</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw><hw>Men"o*branch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Men`o*bran"chus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>menobranchus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ to remain + <?/ a gill.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large aquatic American salamander of the genus <spn>Necturus</spn>, having permanent external gills.</def>

<h1>Menologium, Menology</h1>
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<hw><hw>Men`o*lo"gi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Me*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Menologia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Menologies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. <ets>menologium</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ month + <?/ discourse : cf. F. <ets>m\'82nologe</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A register of months.</def>

<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gr. Church)</fld> <def>A brief calendar of the lives of the saints for each day in the year, or a simple remembrance of those whose lives are not written.</def>

<h1>Menopause</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"o*pause</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ month + <?/ to cause to cease. See <er>Menses</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The period of natural cessation of menstruation. See <cref>Change of life</cref>, under <er>Change</er>.</def>

<h1>Menopoma, Menopome</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw><hw>Men`o*po"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Men"o*pome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>menopoma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ to remain + <?/ lid.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hellbender.</def>

<h1>Menorrhagia</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men`or*rha"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ month + <?/ to break.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Profuse menstruation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any profuse bleeding from the uterus; Metrorrhagia.</def>

<h1>Menostasis</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Me*nos"ta*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>mh`n</grk> month + <grk>'istan`nai</grk> to stop.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Stoppage of the mences.</def>

<h1>Menostation</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men`os*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Menostasis</er>.</def>

<h1>Menow</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"ow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A minnow.</def>

<h1>Men-pleaser</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"-pleas`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose motive is to please men or the world, rather than God.</def>

<i>Eph. vi. 6.</i>

<h1>Mensal</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mensalis</ets>, fr. <ets>mensa</ets> table.]</ety> <def>Belonging to the table; transacted at table; <as>as, <ex>mensa</ex> conversation</as>.</def>

<h1>Mensal</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mensis</ets> month.]</ety> <def>Occurring once in a month; monthly.</def>

<h1>Mense</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Mense</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>menske</ets>, AS. <ets>mennisc</ets> human, man. See <er>Man</er>.]</ety> <def>Manliness; dignity; comeliness; civility.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Mense"ful</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> -- <wf>Mense"less</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mense</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Mense</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To grace.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Menses</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"ses</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mensis</ets> month, pl. <ets>menses</ets> months, and the monthly courses of women. Cf. <er>Month</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The catamenial or menstrual discharge, a periodic flow of blood or bloody fluid from the uterus or female generative organs.</def>

<h1>Menstrual</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"stru*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>menstrualis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>menstruel</ets>. See <er>Menstruous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Recurring once a month; monthly; gone through in a month; <as>as, the <ex>menstrual</ex> revolution of the moon</as>; pertaining to monthly changes; <as>as, the <ex>menstrual</ex> equation of the sun's place</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the menses; <as>as, <ex>menstrual</ex> discharges; the <ex>menstrual</ex> period.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a menstruum.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Menstruant</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"stru*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>menstruans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>menstruare</ets> to have a monthly term, fr. <ets>menstruus</ets>. See <er>Menstruous</er>.]</ety> <def>Subject to monthly flowing or menses.</def>

<h1>Menstruate</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"stru*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Menstruous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Menstruate</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"stru*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Menstruated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Menstruating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To discharge the menses; to have the catamenial flow.</def>

<h1>Menstruation</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men`stru*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The discharge of the menses; also, the state or the period of menstruating.</def>

<h1>Menstrue</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"strue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>menstrues</ets>. See <er>Menstruous</er>.]</ety> <def>The menstrual flux; menses.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Menstruous</h1>
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<hw>Men"stru*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>menstruus</ets>, fr. <ets>mensis</ets> month. Cf. <er>Menstruum</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the monthly flow or discharge; menstruating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining tj the monthly flow; catamenial.</def>

<h1>Menstruum</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"stru*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Menstruums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Menstrua</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>menstruus</ets>. See <er>Menstruous</er>.]</ety> <def>Any substance which dissolves a solid body; a solvent.</def>

<blockquote>The proper <b>menstruum</b> to dissolve metal.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All liquors are called <i>menstruums</i> which are used as dissolvents, or to extract the virtues of ingredients by infusion or decoction.
<i>Quincy.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The use is supposed to have originated in some notion of the old chemists about the influence of the moon in the preparation of dissolvents.</note>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Mensurability</h1>
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<hw>Men`su*ra*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mensurabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being mensurable.</def>

<h1>Mensurable</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"su*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mensurabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>mensurare</ets> to measure, fr. <ets>mensura</ets> measure: cf. F. <ets>mensurable</ets>. See <er>Measurable</er>, <er>Measure</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being measured; measurable.</def>

<h1>Mensurableness</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"su*ra*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being mensurable; measurableness.</def>

<h1>Mensural</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"su*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mensuralis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to measure.</def>

<h1>Mensurate</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"su*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mensuratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>mensurare</ets>. See <er>Measure</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>To measure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mensuration</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men`su*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mensuratio</ets> : cf. F. <ets>mensuration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act, process, or art, of measuring.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That branch of applied geometry which gives rules for finding the length of lines, the areas of surfaces, or the volumes of solids, from certain simple data of lines and angles.</def>

<h1>-ment</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>-ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[F. <ets>-ment</ets>, L. <ets>-mentum</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix denoting <i>that which does</i> a thing; <i>an act</i> or <i>process</i>; <i>the result of an act</i> or <i>process</i>; <i>state</i> or <i>condition</i>; <as>as, ali<ex>ment</ex>, that which nourishes, orna<ex>ment</ex>, incre<ex>ment</ex>; frag<ex>ment</ex>, piece broken, seg<ex>ment</ex>; abridg<ex>ment</ex>, act of abridging, imprison<ex>ment</ex>, move<ex>ment</ex>, adjourn<ex>ment</ex>; amaze<ex>ment</ex>, state of being amazed, astonish<ex>ment</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Ment</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Menge</er>.</def>

<h1>Mentagra</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"ta*gra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>mentum</ets> chin + Gr. <?/ a catching.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Sycosis.</def>

<h1>Mental</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mentum</ets> the chin.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the chin; genian; <as>as, the <ex>mental</ex> nerve; the <ex>mental</ex> region.</as></def>

<h1>Mental</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"tal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A plate or scale covering the mentum or chin of a fish or reptile.</def>

<h1>Mental</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"tal</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>mentalis</ets>, fr. <ets>mens</ets>, <ets>mentis</ets>, the mind; akin to E. <ets>mind</ets>. See <er>Mind</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the mind; intellectual; <as>as, <ex>mental</ex> faculties; <ex>mental</ex> operations, conditions, or exercise.</as></def>

<blockquote>What a <b>mental</b> power
This eye shoots forth!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Mental alienation</col>, <cd>insanity.</cd> -- <col>Mental arithmetic</col>, <cd>the art or practice of solving arithmetical problems by mental processes, unassisted by written figures.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mentality</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men*tal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality or state of mind.</def> "The same hard <i>mentality</i>."

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Mentally</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"tal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the mind; in thought or meditation; intellectually; in idea.</def>

<h1>Mentha</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"tha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Mint</er> the plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A widely distributed genus of fragrant herbs, including the peppermint, spearmint, etc. The plants have small flowers, usually arranged in dense axillary clusters.</def>

<h1>Menthene</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"thene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Menth</ets>ol + terp<ets>ene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless liquid hydrocarbon resembling oil of turpentine, obtained by dehydrating menthol. It has an agreeable odor and a cooling taste.</def>

<h1>Menthol</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"thol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mentha</ets> + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, crystalline, aromatic substance resembling camphor, extracted from oil of peppermint (<spn>Mentha</spn>); -- called also <altname>mint camphor</altname> or <altname>peppermint camphor</altname>.</def>

<h1>Menthyl</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"thyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mentha</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound radical forming the base of menthol.</def>

<h1>Menticultural</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men`ti*cul"tur*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to mental culture; serving to improve or strengthen the mind.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mention</h1>
<Xpage=912>

<hw>Men"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mencioun</ets>, F. <ets>mention</ets>, L. <ets>mentio</ets>, from the root of <ets>meminisse</ets> to remember. See <er>Mind</er>.]</ety> <def>A speaking or notice of anything, -- usually in a brief or cursory manner. Used especially in the phrase <i>to make mention of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>I will make <b>mention</b> of thy righteousness.
<i>Ps. lxxi. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And sleep in dull, cold marble, where no <b>mention</b>
Of me more must be heard of.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="913">
Page 913<p>

<h1>Mention</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw>Men"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mentioned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mentioning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mentionner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make mention of; to speak briefly of; to name.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>mention</b> the loving-kindnesses of the Lord.
<i>Is. lxiii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mentionable</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw>Men"tion*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fit to be mentioned.</def>

<h1>Mentomeckelian</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw>Men`to*meck*e"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[1st <ets>ment</ets>al + <ets>Meckelian</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the chin and lower jaw.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The bone or cartilage forming the anterior extremity of the lower jaw in some adult animals and the young of others.</def></def2>

<h1>Mentor</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw>Men"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Mentor</ets>, the counselor of Telemachus, Gr. <?/, prop., counselor. Cf. <er>Monitor</er>.]</ety> <def>A wise and faithful counselor or monitor.</def>

<h1>Mentorial</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw>Men*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Mentor</er>.]</ety> <def>Containing advice or admonition.</def>

<h1>Mentum</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw>Men"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., chin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The front median plate of the labium in insects. See <er>Labium</er>.</def>

<h1>Menu</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw>Me*nu"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., slender, thin, minute. See 4th <er>Minute</er>.]</ety> <def>The details of a banquet; a bill of fare.</def>

<h1>Menuse</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw>Me"nuse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Amenuse</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Meow</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw>Me*ow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & n.</tt> <def>See 6th and 7th <er>Mew</er>.</def>

<h1>Mephistophelian</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw>Meph`is*to*phe"li*an</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the devil Mephistopheles, "a crafty, scoffing, relentless fiend;" devilish; crafty.</def>

<h1>Mephitic, Mephitical</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw><hw>Me*phit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Me*phit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mephiticus</ets>, fr. <ets>mephitis</ets> mephitis: cf. F. <ets>m\'82phitique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tending to destroy life; poisonous; noxious; <as>as, <ex>mephitic</ex> exhalations; <ex>mephitic</ex> regions.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Offensive to the smell; <as>as, <ex>mephitic</ex> odors</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Mephitic air</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>carbon dioxide; -- so called because of its deadly suffocating power. See <cref>Carbonic acid</cref>, under <er>Carbonic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mephitis</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw>Me*phi"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mephitis</ets> : cf. F. <ets>m\'82phitis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Noxious, pestilential, or foul exhalations from decomposing substances, filth, or other source.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of mammals, including the skunks.</def>

<h1>Mephitism</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw>Meph"i*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Mephitis</er>, 1.</def>

<h1>Meracious</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw>Me*ra"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>meracus</ets>, fr. <ets>merus</ets> pure, inmixed.]</ety> <def>Being without mixture or adulteration; hence, strong; racy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mercable</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw>Mer"ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mercabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>mercari</ets> to trade, traffic, buy. See <er>Merchant</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being bought or sold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mercantile</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw>Mer"can*tile</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mercantile</ets>, It. <ets>mercantile</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mercans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>mercari</ets> to traffic. See <er>Merchant</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to merchants, or the business of merchants; having to do with trade, or the buying and selling of commodities; commercial.</def>

<blockquote>The expedition of the Argonauts was partly <b>mercantile</b>, partly military.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Mercantile agency</col>, <cd>an agency for procuring information of the standing and credit of merchants in different parts of the country, for the use of dealers who sell to them.</cd> -- <col>Mercantile marine</col>, <cd>the persons and vessels employed in commerce, taken collectively.</cd> -- <col>Mercantile paper</col>, <cd>the notes or acceptances given by merchants for goods bought, or received on consignment; drafts on merchants for goods sold or consigned.</cd></cs>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Mercantile</er>, <er>Commercial</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Commercial</i> is the wider term, being sometimes used to embrace <i>mercantile</i>. In their stricter use, <i>commercial</i> relates to the shipping, freighting, forwarding, and other business connected with the <i>commerce</i> of a country (whether external or internal), that is, the exchange of commodities; while <i>mercantile</i> applies to the sale of merchandise and goods when brought to market. As the two employments are to some extent intermingled, the two words are often interchanged.</usage>

<h1>Mercaptal</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw>Mer*cap"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mercapt</ets>an + <ets>al</ets>dehyde.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a series of compounds of mercaptans with aldehydes.</def>

<h1>Mercaptan</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw>Mer*cap"tan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. NL. <ets>mercurius</ets> mercury + L. <ets>captans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>captare</ets> to seize, v. intens. fr. <ets>capere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of series of compounds, hydrosulphides of alcohol radicals, in composition resembling the alcohols, but containing sulphur in place of oxygen, and hence called also the <altname>sulphur alcohols</altname>. In general, they are colorless liquids having a strong, repulsive, garlic odor. The name is specifically applied to ethyl mercaptan, <chform>C2H5SH</chform>. So called from its avidity for <i>mercury</i>, and other metals.</def>

<h1>Mercaptide</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw>Mer*cap"tide</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of mercaptan formed by replacing its sulphur hydrogen by a metal; <as>as, potassium <ex>mercaptide</ex>, <chform>C2H5SK</chform></as>.</def>

<h1>Mercat</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw>Mer"cat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mercatus</ets> : cf. It. <ets>mercato</ets>. See <er>Market</er>.]</ety> <def>Market; trade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Sprat.</i>

<h1>Mercatante</h1>
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<hw>Mer`ca*tan"te</hw> <tt>(?; It. ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Merchant</er>.]</ety> <def>A foreign trader.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mercator's chart</h1>
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<hw>Mer*ca"tor's chart"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Chart</er>, and see <cref>Mercator's projection</cref>, under <er>Projection</er>.</def>

<h1>Mercature</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ca*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mercatura</ets> commerce.]</ety> <def>Commerce; traffic; trade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Merce</h1>
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<hw>Merce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Amerce</er>.]</ety> <def>To subject to fine or amercement; to mulct; to amerce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mercenaria</h1>
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<hw>Mer`ce*na"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Mercenary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The quahog.</def>

<h1>Mercenarian</h1>
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<hw>Mer`ce*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mercenary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mercenarily</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ce*na`ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a mercenary manner.</def>

<h1>Mercenariness</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ce*na*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being mercenary; venality.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Mercenary</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ce*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mercenarie</ets>, F. <ets>mercenaire</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mercenarius</ets>, fr. <ets>merces</ets> wages, reward. See <er>Mercy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Acting for reward; serving for pay; paid; hired; hireling; venal; <as>as, <ex>mercenary</ex> soldiers</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Moved by considerations of pay or profit; greedy of gain; sordid; selfish.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>For God forbid I should my papers blot
With <b>mercenary</b> lines, with servile pen.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Venal</er>.</syn>

<h1>Mercenary</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ce*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mercenaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <def>One who is hired; a hireling; especially, a soldier hired into foreign service.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Mercer</h1>
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<hw>Mer"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mercier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>merx</ets>, <ets>mercis</ets>, wares, merchandise. See <er>Merchant</er>.]</ety> <def>Originally, a dealer in any kind of goods or wares; now restricted to a dealer in textile fabrics, as silks or woolens.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Mercership</h1>
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<hw>Mer"cer*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The business of a mercer.</def>

<h1>Mercery</h1>
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<hw>Mer"cer*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mercerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The trade of mercers; the goods in which a mercer deals.</def>

<h1>Merchand</h1>
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<hw>Mer"chand</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>marchander</ets>. See <er>Merchant</er>.]</ety> <def>To traffic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Merchandisable</h1>
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<hw>Mer"chan*di`sa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be used or transferred as merchandise.</def>

<h1>Merchandise</h1>
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<hw>Mer"chan*dise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>marchandise</ets>, OF. <ets>marcheandise</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The objects of commerce; whatever is usually bought or sold in trade, or market, or by merchants; wares; goods; commodities.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or business of trading; trade; traffic.</def>

<h1>Merchandise</h1>
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<hw>Mer"chan*dise</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Merchandised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Merchandising</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To trade; to carry on commerce.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Merchandise</h1>
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<hw>Mer"chan*dise</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make merchandise of; to buy and sell.</def> "Love is <i>merchandised</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Merchandiser</h1>
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<hw>Mer"chan*di`ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A trader.</def>

<i>Bunyan.</i>

<h1>Merchandry</h1>
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<hw>Mer"chand*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Merchant</er>.]</ety> <def>Trade; commerce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Sanderson.</i>

<h1>Merchant</h1>
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<hw>Mer"chant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>marchant</ets>, OF. <ets>marcheant</ets>, F. <ets>marchand</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>mercatans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>mercatare</ets> to negotiate, L. <ets>mercari</ets> to traffic, fr. <ets>merx</ets>, <ets>mercis</ets>, wares. See <er>Market</er>, <er>Merit</er>, and cf. <er>Commerce</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who traffics on a large scale, especially with foreign countries; a trafficker; a trader.</def>

<blockquote>Others, like <b>merchants</b>, venture trade abroad.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A trading vessel; a merchantman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who keeps a store or shop for the sale of goods; a shopkeeper.</def> <mark>[U. S. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Merchant</h1>
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<hw>Mer"chant</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or employed in, trade or merchandise; <as>as, the <ex>merchant</ex> service</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Merchant bar</col>, <col>Merchant iron</col> &or; <col>steel</col></mcol>, <cd>certain common sizes of wrought iron and steel bars.</cd> -- <col>Merchant service</col>, <cd>the mercantile marine of a country.</cd> <i>Am. Cyc.</i> -- <col>Merchant ship</col>, <cd>a ship employed in commerce.</cd> -- <col>Merchant tailor</col>, <cd>a tailor who keeps and sells materials for the garments which he makes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Merchant</h1>
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<hw>Mer"chant</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be a merchant; to trade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Merchantable</h1>
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<hw>Mer"chant*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fit for market; such as is usually sold in market, or such as will bring the ordinary price; <as>as, <ex>merchantable</ex> wheat</as>; sometimes, a technical designation for a particular kind or class.</def>

<h1>Merchantly</h1>
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<hw>Mer"chant*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Merchantlike; suitable to the character or business of a merchant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gauden.</i>

<h1>Merchantman</h1>
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<hw>Mer"chant*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Merchantmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A merchant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Matt. xiii. 45.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A trading vessel; a ship employed in the transportation of goods, <as>as, distinguished from a man-of-war</as>.</def>

<h1>Merchantry</h1>
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<hw>Mer"chant*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The body of merchants taken collectively; <as>as, the <ex>merchantry</ex> of a country</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The business of a merchant; merchandise.</def>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Merciable</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ci*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF.]</ety> <def>Merciful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Merciful</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ci*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mercy</ets> + <ets>-ful</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of mercy; having or exercising mercy; disposed to pity and spare offenders; unwilling to punish.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord, the Lord God, <b>merciful</b> and gracious.
<i>Ex. xxxiv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Be <b>merciful</b>, great duke, to men of mold.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unwilling to give pain; compassionate.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>merciful</b> man will be <b>merciful</b> to his beast.
<i>Old Proverb.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Compassionate; tender; humane; gracious; kind; mild; clement; benignant.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Mer"ci*ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mer"ci*ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mercify</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ci*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Merciless</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ci*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of mercy; cruel; unsparing; -- said of animate beings, and also, figuratively, of things; <as>as, a <ex>merciless</ex> tyrant; <ex>merciless</ex> waves.</as></def>

<blockquote>The foe is <b>merciless</b>, and will not pity.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Cruel; unmerciful; remorseless; ruthless; pitiless; barbarous; savage.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Mer"ci*less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mer"ci*less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mercurammonium</h1>
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<hw>Mer`cur*am*mo"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mercur</ets>ic + <ets>ammonium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A radical regarded as derived from ammonium by the substitution of mercury for a portion of the hydrogen.</def>

<h1>Mercurial</h1>
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<hw>Mer*cu"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mercurialis</ets>, fr. <ets>Mercurius</ets> Mercury: cf. F. <ets>mercuriel</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the qualities fabled to belong to the god Mercury; swift; active; sprightly; fickle; volatile; changeable; <as>as, a <ex>mercurial</ex> youth; a <ex>mercurial</ex> temperament.</as></def>

<blockquote>A <b>mercurial</b> man
Who fluttered over all things like a fan.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the form or image of Mercury; -- applied to ancient guideposts.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chillingworth.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Mercury as the god of trade; hence, money-making; crafty.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>mercurial</b> wand of commerce.
<i>J. Q. Adams.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to, or containing, mercury; <as>as, <ex>mercurial</ex> preparations, barometer</as>. See <er>Mercury</er>, 2.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Caused by the use of mercury; <as>as, <ex>mercurial</ex> sore mouth</as>.</def>

<h1>Mercurial</h1>
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<hw>Mer*cu"ri*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person having mercurial qualities.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A preparation containing mercury.</def>

<h1>Mercurialist</h1>
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<hw>Mer*cu"ri*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One under the influence of Mercury; one resembling Mercury in character.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A physician who uses much mercury, in any of its forms, in his practice.</def>

<h1>Mercurialize</h1>
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<hw>Mer*cu"ri*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mercurialized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mercurializing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To affect with mercury.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Photography)</fld> <def>To treat with mercury; to expose to the vapor of mercury.</def>

<h1>Mercurialize</h1>
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<hw>Mer*cu"ri*al*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be sprightly, fantastic, or capricious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mercurially</h1>
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<hw>Mer*cu"ri*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a mercurial manner.</def>

<h1>Mercuric</h1>
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<hw>Mer*cu"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, mercury; containing mercury; -- said of those compounds of mercury into which this element enters in its lowest proportion.</def>

<cs><col>Mercuric chloride</col>, <cd>corrosive sublimate. See <er>Corrosive</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mercurification</h1>
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<hw>Mer*cu`ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mercurification</ets>. See <er>Mercurify</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The process or operation of obtaining the mercury, in its fluid form, from mercuric minerals.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process of compounding, or the state of being compounded, with mercury.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mercurify</h1>
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<hw>Mer*cu"ri*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mercurified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mercurifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Mercury</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To obtain mercury from, as mercuric minerals, which may be done by any application of intense heat that expels the mercury in fumes, which are afterward condensed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To combine or mingle mercury with; to impregnate with mercury; to mercurialize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mercurism</h1>
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<hw>Mer"cu*rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A communication of news; an announcement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Mercurous</h1>
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<hw>Mer*cu"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, mercury; containing mercury; -- said of those compounds of mercury in which it is present in its highest proportion.</def>

<cs><col>Mercurous chloride</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Calomel</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mercury</h1>
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<hw>Mer"cu*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Mercurius</ets>; akin to <ets>merx</ets> wares.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>A Latin god of commerce and gain; -- treated by the poets as identical with the Greek Hermes, messenger of the gods, conductor of souls to the lower world, and god of eloquence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A metallic element mostly obtained by reduction from cinnabar, one of its ores. It is a heavy, opaque, glistening liquid (commonly called <altname>quicksilver</altname>), and is used in barometers, thermometers, ect. Specific gravity 13.6. Symbol Hg (<it>Hydrargyrum</it>). Atomic weight 199.8. Mercury has a molecule which consists of only one atom. It was named by the alchemists after the god Mercury, and designated by his symbol, &mercury;.</def>

<note>&hand; Mercury forms alloys, called <i>amalgams</i>, with many metals, and is thus used in applying tin foil to the backs of mirrors, and in extracting gold and silver from their ores. It is poisonous, and is used in medicine in the free state as in blue pill, and in its compounds as calomel, corrosive sublimate, etc. It is the only metal which is liquid at ordinary temperatures, and it solidifies at about -39&deg; Centigrade to a soft, malleable, ductile metal.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of the planets of the solar system, being the one nearest the sun, from which its mean distance is about 36,000,000 miles. Its period is 88 days, and its diameter 3,000 miles.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A carrier of tidings; a newsboy; a messenger; hence, also, a newspaper.</def> <i>Sir J. Stephen</i>. "The monthly <i>Mercuries</i>." <i>Macaulay</i>.

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Sprightly or mercurial quality; spirit; mutability; fickleness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He was so full of <b>mercury</b> that he could not fix long in any friendship, or to any design.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Mercurialis annua</spn>), of the Spurge family, the leaves of which are sometimes used for spinach, in Europe.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also applied, in the United States, to certain climbing plants, some of which are poisonous to the skin, esp. to the <spn>Rhus Toxicodendron</spn>, or poison ivy.</note>

<cs><col>Dog's mercury</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd><spn>Mercurialis perennis</spn>, a perennial plant differing from <spn>M. annua</spn> by having the leaves sessile.</cd> -- <col>English mercury</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of goosefoot formerly used as a pot herb; -- called <altname>Good King Henry</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Horn mercury</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a mineral chloride of mercury, having a semitranslucent, hornlike appearance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mercury</h1>
<Xpage=913>

<hw>Mer"cu*ry</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To wash with a preparation of mercury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Mercy</h1>
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<hw>Mer"cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mercies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>merci</ets>, F. <ets>merci</ets>, L. <ets>merces</ets>, <ets>mercedis</ets>, hire, pay, reward, LL., equiv. to <ets>misericordia</ets> pity, mercy. L. <ets>merces</ets> is prob<?/ akin to <ets>merere</ets> to deserve, acquire. See <er>Merit</er>, and cf. <er>Amerce</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Forbearance to inflict harm under circumstances of provocation, when one has the power to inflict it; compassionate treatment of an offender or adversary; clemency.</def>

<blockquote>Examples of justice must be made for terror to some; examples of <b>mercy</b> for comfort to others.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Compassionate treatment of the unfortunate and helpless; sometimes, favor, beneficence.</def>

<i>Luke x. 37.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Disposition to exercise compassion or favor; pity; compassion; willingness to spare or to help.</def>

<blockquote>In whom <b>mercy</b> lacketh and is not founden.
<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A blessing regarded as a manifestation of compassion or favor.</def>

<blockquote>The Father of <b>mercies</b> and the God of all comfort.
<i>2 Cor. i. 3.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Mercy seat</col> <fld>(Bib.)</fld>, <cd>the golden cover or lid of the Ark of the Covenant. See <er>Ark</er>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Sisters of Mercy</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>,<cd>a religious order founded in Dublin in the year 1827. Communities of the same name have since been established in various American cities. The duties of those belonging to the order are, to attend lying-in hospitals, to superintend the education of girls, and protect decent women out of employment, to visit prisoners and the sick, and to attend persons condemned to death.</cd> -- <col>To be at the mercy of</col>, <cd>to be wholly in the power of.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Grace</er>.</syn>

<h1>Merd</h1>
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<hw>Merd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>merde</ets>, L. <ets>merda</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ordure; dung.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>-mere</h1>
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<hw>-mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ part.]</ety> <def>A combining form meaning <i>part</i>, <i>portion</i>; <as>as, blasto<ex>mere</ex>, epi<ex>mere</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Mere</h1>
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<hw>Mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>mar</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[OE. <ets>mere</ets>, AS. <ets>mere</ets> mere, sea; akin to D. <ets>meer</ets> lake, OS. <ets>meri</ets> sea, OHG. <ets>meri</ets>, <ets>mari</ets>, G. <ets>meer</ets>, Icel. <ets>marr</ets>, Goth. <ets>marei</ets>, Russ. <ets>more</ets>, W. <ets>mor</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>muir</ets>, L. <ets>mare</ets>, and perh. to L. <ets>mori</ets> to die, and meaning originally, that which is dead, a waste. Cf. <er>Mortal</er>, <er>Marine</er>, <er>Marsh</er>, <er>Mermaid</er>, <er>Moor</er>.]</ety> <def>A pool or lake.</def>

<i>Drayton. Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Mere</h1>
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<hw>Mere</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>meer</ets> and <ets>mear</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[AS. <ets>gem&aemac;re</ets>. &root;269.]</ety> <def>A boundary.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<hr>
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<h1>Mere</h1>
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<hw>Mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To divide, limit, or bound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Which <b>meared</b> her rule with Africa.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mere</h1>
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<hw>Mere</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mere</h1>
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<hw>Mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Superl.</tt> <er>Merest</er>. The comparative is rarely or never used.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>merus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Unmixed; pure; entire; absolute; unqualified.</def>

<blockquote>Then entered they the <b>mere</b>, main sea.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The sorrows of this world would be <b>mere</b> and unmixed.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Only this, and nothing else; such, and no more; simple; bare; <as>as, a <ex>mere</ex> boy; a <ex>mere</ex> form.</as></def>

<blockquote>From <b>mere</b> success nothing can be concluded in favor of any nation.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Merely</h1>
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<hw>Mere"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Purely; unmixedly; absolutely.</def>

<blockquote>Ulysses was to force forth his access,
Though <b>merely</b> naked.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not otherwise than; simply; barely; only.</def>

<blockquote>Prize not your life for other ends
Than <b>merely</b> to obige your friends.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Solely; simply; purely; barely; scarcely.</syn>

<h1>Merenchyma</h1>
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<hw>Me*ren"chy*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a part + <ets>-enchyma</ets>, as in <ets>parenchyma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Tissue composed of spheroidal cells.</def>

<h1>Meresman</h1>
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<hw>Meres"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An officer who ascertains meres or boundaries.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Merestead</h1>
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<hw>Mere"stead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mere</ets> boundary + <ets>stead</ets> place.]</ety> <def>The land within the boundaries of a farm; a farmstead or farm.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Merestone</h1>
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<hw>Mere"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stone designating a limit or boundary; a landmark.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Meretricious</h1>
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<hw>Mer`e*tri"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>meretricius</ets>, from <ets>meretrix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, a prostitute, lit., one who earns money, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., by prostitution, fr. <ets>merere</ets> to earn, gain. See <er>Merit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to prostitutes; having to do with harlots; lustful; <as>as, <ex>meretricious</ex> traffic</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling the arts of a harlot; alluring by false show; gaudily and deceitfully ornamental; tawdry; <as>as, <ex>meretricious</ex> dress or ornaments</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Mer`e*tri"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mer`e*tri"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Merganser</h1>
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<hw>Mer*gan"ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>merg\'a0nsar</ets>, fr. <ets>mergo</ets> a diver (L. <ets>mergus</ets>, fr. <ets>mergere</ets> to dip, dive) + <ets>\'a0nsar</ets> goose, L. <ets>anser</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the genus <spn>Merganser</spn>, and allied genera. They are allied to the ducks, but have a sharply serrated bill.</def>

<note>&hand; The red-breasted merganser (<spn>Merganser serrator</spn>) inhabits both hemispheres. It is called also <altname>sawbill</altname>, <altname>harle</altname>, and <altname>sheldrake</altname>. The American merganser (<spn>M. Americanus</spn>.) and the hooded merganser (<spn>Lophodytes cucullatus</spn>) are well-known species.</note> -- <cs><col>White merganser</col>, <cd>the smew or white nun.</cd></cs>

<h1>Merge</h1>
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<hw>Merge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Merged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Merging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>mergere</ets>, <ets>mersum</ets>. Cf. <er>Emerge</er>, <er>Immerse</er>, <er>Marrow</er>.]</ety> <def>To cause to be swallowed up; to immerse; to sink; to absorb.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>merge</b> all natural ... sentiment in inordinate vanity.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whig and Tory were <b>merged</b> and swallowed up in the transcendent duties of patriots.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Merge</h1>
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<hw>Merge</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be sunk, swallowed up, or lost.</def>

<blockquote>Native irresolution had <b>merged</b> in stronger motives.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Merger</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, merges.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An absorption of one estate, or one contract, in another, or of a minor offense in a greater.</def>

<h1>Mericarp</h1>
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<hw>Mer"i*carp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a part + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One carpel of an umbelliferous fruit. See <er>Cremocarp</er>.</def>

<h1>Meride</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ide</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a part.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A permanent colony of cells or plastids which may remain isolated, like Rotifer, or may multiply by gemmation to form higher aggregates, termed <i>zoides</i>.</def>

<i>Perrier.</i>

<h1>Meridian</h1>
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<hw>Me*rid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82ridien</ets>, L. <ets>meridianus</ets> pertaining to noon, fr. <ets>meridies</ets> noon, midday, for older <ets>medidies</ets>; <ets>medius</ets> mid, middle + <ets>dies</ets> day. See <er>Mid</er>, and <er>Diurnal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being at, or pertaining to, midday; belonging to, or passing through, the highest point attained by the sun in his diurnal course.</def> "<i>Meridian</i> hour."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Tables ... to find the altitude <b>meridian</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to the highest point or culmination; <as>as, <ex>meridian</ex> splendor</as>.</def>

<h1>Meridian</h1>
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<hw>Me*rid"i*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82ridien</ets>. See <er>Meridian</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Midday; noon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: The highest point, as of success, prosperity, or the like; culmination.</def>

<blockquote>I have touched the highest point of all my greatness,
And from that full <b>meridian</b> of my glory
I haste now to my setting.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A great circle of the sphere passing through the poles of the heavens and the zenith of a given place. It is crossed by the sun at midday.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>A great circle on the surface of the earth, passing through the poles and any given place; also, the half of such a circle included between the poles.</def>

<note>&hand; The planes of the geographical and astronomical meridians coincide. Meridians, on a map or globe, are lines drawn at certain intervals due north and south, or in the direction of the poles.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Calculated for</col>, &or; <col>fitted to</col>, &or; <col>adapted to</col>, <col>the meridian of</col></mcol>, <cd>suited to the local circumstances, capabilities, or special requirements of.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>All other knowledge merely serves the concerns of this life, and is <b>fitted to the meridian</b> there<b>of</b>.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

-- <cs><col>First meridian</col>, <cd>the meridian from which longitudes are reckoned. The meridian of Greenwich is the one commonly employed in calculations of longitude by geographers, and in actual practice, although in various countries other and different meridians, chiefly those which pass through the capitals of the countries, are occasionally used; as, in France, the meridian of Paris; in the United States, the meridian of Washington, etc.</cd> -- <col>Guide meridian</col> <fld>(Public Land Survey)</fld>, <cd>a line, marked by monuments, running North and South through a section of country between other more carefully established meridians called <i>principal meridians</i>, used for reference in surveying. <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cd> -- <col>Magnetic meridian</col>, <cd>a great circle, passing through the zenith and coinciding in direction with the magnetic needle, or a line on the earth's surface having the same direction.</cd> -- <col>Meridian circle</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>an instrument consisting of a telescope attached to a large graduated circle and so mounted that the telescope revolves like the transit instrument in a meridian plane. By it the right ascension and the declination of a star may be measured in a single observation.</cd> -- <col>Meridian instrument</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>any astronomical instrument having a telescope that rotates in a meridian plane.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Meridian of a globe</col>, &or; <col>Brass meridian</col></mcol>, <cd>a graduated circular ring of brass, in which the artificial globe is suspended and revolves.</cd></cs>

<h1>Meridional</h1>
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<hw>Me*rid"i*o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82ridional</ets>, L. <ets>meridionalis</ets>, fr. <ets>meridies</ets> midday. See <er>Meridian</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the meridian.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a southern aspect; southern; southerly.</def>

<blockquote>Offices that require heat ... should be <b>meridional</b>.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Meridional distance</col>, <cd>the distance or departure from the meridian; the easting or westing.</cd> -- <col>Meridional parts</col>, <cd>parts of the meridian in Mercator's projection, corresponding to each minute of latitude from the equator up to 70 or 80 degrees; tabulated numbers representing these parts used in projecting charts, and in solving cases in Mercator's sailing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Meridionality</h1>
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<hw>Me*rid`i*o*nal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being in the meridian.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Position in the south; aspect toward the south.</def>

<h1>Meridionally</h1>
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<hw>Me*rid"i*o*nal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the direction of the meridian.</def>

<h1>Merils</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ils</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82relle</ets>, <ets>marelle</ets>, <ets>marelles</ets>, LL. <ets>marella</ets>, <ets>marrella</ets>. Cf. <er>Morris</er> the game.]</ety> <def>A boy's play, called also <altname>fivepenny morris</altname>. See <er>Morris</er>.</def>

<h1>Meringue</h1>
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<hw>Me`ringue"</hw> <tt>(F. ?; E. ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A delicate pastry made of powdered sugar and the whites of eggs whipped up, -- with jam or cream added.</def>

<h1>Merino</h1>
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<hw>Me*ri"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>merino</ets> moving from pasture to pasture, fr. <ets>merino</ets> a royal judge and superintendent or inspector of sheep walks, LL. <ets>merinus</ets>, fr. <ets>majorinus</ets>, i. e., major vill<?/, fr. L. <ets>major</ets> greater. See <er>Major</er>. Merino sheep are driven at certain seasons from one part of Spain to another, in large flocks, for pasturage.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a variety of sheep with very fine wool, originally bred in Spain.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Made of the wool of the merino sheep.</def>

<h1>Merino</h1>
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<hw>Me*ri"no</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Merinos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A breed of sheep originally from Spain, noted for the fineness of its wool.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fine fabric of merino wool.</def>

<h1>Merismatic</h1>
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<hw>Mer`is*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ division, fr. <?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Dividing into cells or segments; characterized by separation into two or more parts or sections by the formation of internal partitions; <as>as, <ex>merismatic</ex> growth, where one cell divides into many</as>.</def>

<h1>Meristem</h1>
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<hw>Mer"i*stem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ divisible.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tissue of growing cells, or cells capable of further division.</def>

<h1>Merit</h1>
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<hw>Mer"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82rite</ets>, L. <ets>meritum</ets>, fr. <ets>merere</ets>, <ets>mereri</ets>, to deserve, merit; prob. originally, to get a share; akin to Gr. <?/ part, <?/ fate, doom, <?/ to receive as one's portion. Cf. <er>Market</er>, <er>Merchant</er>, <er>Mercer</er>, <er>Mercy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of deserving well or ill; desert.</def>

<blockquote>Here may men see how sin hath his <b>merit</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Be it known, that we, the greatest, are misthought
For things that others do; and when we fall,
We answer other's <b>merits</b> in our name.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Esp. in a good sense: The quality or state of deserving well; worth; excellence.</def>

<blockquote>Reputation is ... oft got without <b>merit</b>, and lost without deserving.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To him the wit of Greece and Rome was known,
And every author's <b>merit</b>, but his own.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Reward deserved; any mark or token of excellence or approbation; <as>as, his teacher gave him ten <ex>merits</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Those laurel groves, the <b>merits</b> of thy youth.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Merit</h1>
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<hw>Mer"it</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Merited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Meriting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82riter</ets>, L. <ets>meritare</ets>, v. intens. fr. <ets>merere</ets>. See <er>Merit</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To earn by service or performance; to have a right to claim as reward; to deserve; sometimes, to deserve in a bad sense; <as>as, to <ex>merit</ex> punishment</as>.</def> "This kindness <i>merits</i> thanks."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reward.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Merit</h1>
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<hw>Mer"it</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To acquire desert; to gain value; to receive benefit; to profit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Meritable</h1>
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<hw>Mer"it*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deserving of reward.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Meritedly</h1>
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<hw>Mer"it*ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By merit; deservedly.</def>

<h1>Merithal, Merithallus</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mer"i*thal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mer`i*thal"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>merithallus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <ets>or</ets> <?/, a part + <?/ a young shoot.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Internode</er>.</def>

<h1>Meritmonger</h1>
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<hw>Mer"it*mon`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who depends on merit for salvation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milner.</i>

<h1>Meritorious</h1>
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<hw>Mer`i*to"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>meritorius</ets> that brings in money.]</ety> <def>Possessing merit; deserving of reward or honor; worthy of recompense; valuable.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>meritorious</b> shall that hand be called,
Canonized, and worshiped as a saint.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Mer`i*to"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mer`i*to"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Meritory</h1>
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<hw>Mer"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Meritorious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Meritot</h1>
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<hw>Mer"i*tot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A play of children, in swinging on ropes, or the like, till they are dizzy.</def>

<h1>Merk</h1>
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<hw>Merk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Marc</er>.]</ety> <def>An old Scotch silver coin; a mark or marc.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Merk</h1>
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<hw>Merk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mark; a sign.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Merke</h1>
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<hw>Merke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Murky.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Merkin</h1>
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<hw>Mer"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Originally, a wig; afterwards, a mop for cleaning cannon.</def>

<h1>Merl, Merle</h1>
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<hw><hw>Merl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Merle</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>merle</ets>, L. <ets>merula</ets>, <ets>merulus</ets>. Cf. <er>Ousel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European blackbird. See <er>Blackbird</er>.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Merlin</h1>
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<hw>Mer"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>merlion</ets>, F. <ets>\'82merillon</ets> ; cf. OHG. <ets>smirl</ets>, G. <ets>schmerl</ets> ; prob. fr. L. <ets>merula</ets> blackbird. Cf. <er>Merle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European falcon (<spn>Falco lithofalco</spn>, or <spn>F. \'91salon</spn>).</def>

<h1>Merling</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European whiting.</def>

<h1>Merlon</h1>
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<hw>Mer"lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., perh. fr. L. <ets>moerus</ets>, for <ets>murus</ets> a wall, through (assumed) dim. <ets>moerulus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>One of the solid parts of a battlemented parapet; a battlement. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Battlement</er>.</def>

<h1>Merluce</h1>
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<hw>Mer"luce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>merluche</ets>, <ets>merlus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European hake; -- called also <altname>herring hake</altname> and <altname>sea pike</altname>.</def>

<h1>Mermaid</h1>
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<hw>Mer"maid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>mere</ets> lake, sea. See <er>Mere</er> lake, and <er>maid</er>.]</ety> <def>A fabled marine creature, typically represented as having the upper part like that of a woman, and the lower like a fish; a sea nymph, sea woman, or woman fish.</def>

<note>&hand; Chaucer uses this word as equivalent to the <i>siren</i> of the ancients.</note>

<cs><col>Mermaid fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>the angel fish (<spn>Squatina</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Mermaid's glove</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a British branched sponge somewhat resembling a glove.</cd> -- <col>Mermaid's head</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European spatangoid sea urchin (<spn>Echinocardium cordatum</spn>) having some resemblance to a skull.</cd> -- <col>Mermaid weed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an aquatic herb with dentate or pectinate leaves (<spn>Proserpinaca palustris</spn> and <spn>P. pectinacea</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Merman</h1>
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<hw>Mer"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mermen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The male corresponding to <i>mermaid</i>; a sea man, or man fish.</def>

<h1>Meroblast</h1>
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<hw>Mer"o*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ part + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An ovum, as that of a mammal, only partially composed of germinal matter, that is, consisting of both a germinal portion and an albuminous or nutritive one; -- opposed to <i>holoblast</i>.</def>

<h1>Meroblastic</h1>
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<hw>Mer`o*blas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Consisting only in part of germinal matter; characterized by partial segmentation only; <as>as, <ex>meroblastic</ex> ova, in which a portion of the yolk only undergoes fission; <ex>meroblastic</ex> segmentation; -- opposed to <ex>holoblastic</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Merocele</h1>
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<hw>Me"ro*cele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thigh + <?/ tumor.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Hernia in the thigh; femoral hernia .</def>

<h1>Meroistic</h1>
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<hw>Mer`o*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ part + <?/ an egg.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Applied to the ovaries of insects when they secrete vitelligenous cells, as well as ova.</def>

<h1>Meropidan</h1>
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<hw>Me*rop"i*dan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>merops</ets> a bee-eating bird, Gr. <grk>me`rops</grk>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a family of birds (<spn>Meropid\'91</spn>), including the bee-eaters.</def>

<h1>Meropodite</h1>
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<hw>Me*rop"o*dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thigh + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fourth joint of a typical appendage of Crustacea.</def>

<h1>Merorganization</h1>
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<hw>Mer*or`gan*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ part + E. <ets>organization</ets>.]</ety> <def>Organization in part.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Meros</h1>
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<hw>Me"ros</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The plain surface between the channels of a triglyph.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>merus</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Meros</h1>
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<hw>Me"ros</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the thigh.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The proximal segment of the hind limb; the thigh.</def>

<h1>Merosome</h1>
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<hw>Mer"o*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ part + <ets>-some</ets> body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the serial segments, or metameres, of which the bodies of vertebrate and articulate animals are composed.</def>

<h1>Merostomata</h1>
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<hw>Mer`o*stom"a*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ thigh + <?/, -<?/, mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of Arthropoda, allied to the Crustacea. It includes the trilobites, Eurypteroidea, and Limuloidea. All are extinct except the horseshoe crabs of the last group. See <er>Limulus</er>.</def>

<h1>M\'82rou</h1>
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<hw>M\'82`rou"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Jack</er>, 8 <sd>(c)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Merovingian</h1>
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<hw>Mer`o*vin"gi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Merovaeus</ets>, the Latin name of a king of the Franks.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the first Frankish dynasty in Gaul or France.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the kings of this dynasty.</def></def2>

<h1>Merrily</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Merry</er>.]</ety> <def>In a merry manner; with mirth; with gayety and laughter; jovially. See <er>Mirth</er>, and <er>Merry</er>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Merrily</b> sing, and sport, and play.
<i>Granville.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Merrimake</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ri*make`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Merrymake</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Merrimake</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ri*make`</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Merrymake</er>, <tt>v.</tt></def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Merriment</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ri*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Gayety, with laughter; mirth; frolic.</def> "Follies and light <i>merriment</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Methought it was the sound
Of riot and ill-managed <b>merriment</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Merriness</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being merry; merriment; mirth; gayety, with laughter.</def>

<h1>Merry</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Merrier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Merriest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>merie</ets>, <ets>mirie</ets>, <ets>murie</ets>, merry, pleasant, AS. <ets>merge</ets>, <ets>myrige</ets>, pleasant; cf. <ets>murge</ets>, adv.; prob. akin to OHG. <ets>murg</ets>, short, Goth. <ets>gama\'a3rgjan</ets> to shorten; cf. L. <ets>murcus</ets> a coward, who cuts off his thumb to escape military service; the Anglo-Saxon and English meanings coming from the idea of making the time seem short. Cf. <er>Mirth</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Laughingly gay; overflowing with good humor and good spirits; jovial; inclined to laughter or play ; sportive.</def>

<blockquote>They drank, and were <b>merry</b> with him.
<i>Gen. xliii. 34.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am never <b>merry</b> when I hear sweet music.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="915">
Page 915<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cheerful; joyous; not sad; happy.</def>

<blockquote>Is any <b>merry</b> <?/ let him sing psalms.
<i>Jas. v. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Causing laughter, mirth, gladness, or delight; <as>as, <?/ <ex>merry</ex> jest</as>.</def> "<i>Merry</i> wind and weather."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<cs><col>Merry dancers</col>. <cd>See under <er>Dancer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Merry men</col>, <cd>followers; retainers. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd>

<blockquote>His <b>merie men</b> commanded he
To make him bothe game and glee.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To make merry</col>, <cd>to be jovial; to indulge in hilarity; to feast with mirth.</cd> <i>Judg. ix. 27</i>.</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Cheerful; blithe; lively; sprightly; vivacious; gleeful; joyous; mirthful; jocund; sportive; hilarious.</syn>

<h1>Merry</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of wild red cherry.</def>

<h1>Merry-andrew</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ry-an"drew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose business is to make sport for others; a buffoon; a zany; especially, one who attends a mountebank or quack doctor.</def>

<note>&hand; This term is said to have originated from one Andrew Borde, an English physician of the 16th century, who gained patients by facetious speeches to the multitude.</note>

<h1>Merry-go-round</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ry-go`-round"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any revolving contrivance for affording amusement; esp., a ring of flying hobbyhorses.</def>

<h1>Merrymake</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ry*make`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mirth; frolic; a meeting for mirth; a festival.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>merrimake</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Merrymake</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ry*make`</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make merry; to be jolly; to feast.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>merrimake</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Merrymaker</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ry*mak`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes merriment or indulges in conviviality; a jovial comrade.</def>

<h1>Merrymaking</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ry*mak`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making or producing mirth; convivial; jolly.</def>

<h1>Merrymaking</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ry*mak`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of making merry; conviviality; merriment; jollity.</def>

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<h1>Merrymeeting</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ry*meet`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A meeting for mirth.</def>

<h1>Merrythought</h1>
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<hw>Mer"ry*thought`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The forked bone of a fowl's breast; -- called also <altname>wishbone</altname>. See <er>Furculum</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; It is a sportive custom for two persons to break this bone by pulling the ends apart to see who will get the longer piece, the securing of which is regarded as a lucky omen, signifying that the person holding it will obtain the gratification of some secret wish.</note>

<h1>Mersion</h1>
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<hw>Mer"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mersio</ets>. See <er>Merge</er>.]</ety> <def>Immersion</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Merulidan</h1>
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<hw>Me*ru"li*dan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>merula</ets>, <ets>merulus</ets>, blackbird. See <er>Merle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of the Thrush family.</def>

<h1>Merus</h1>
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<hw>Me"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Meros</er>.</def>

<h1>Mervaille</h1>
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<hw>Mer"vaille`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Marvel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mes-</h1>
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<hw>Mes-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Meso-</er>.</def>

<h1>Mesa</h1>
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<hw>Me"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt><?/.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A high tableland; a plateau on a hill.</def> <mark>[Southwestern U.S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Mesaconate</h1>
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<hw>Mes*ac"o*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of mesaconic acid.</def>

<h1>Mesaconic</h1>
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<hw>Mes`a*con"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mes-</ets> + <ets>-aconic</ets>, as in <ets>citraconic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, one of several isomeric acids obtained from citric acid.</def>

<h1>Mesad</h1>
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<hw>Mes"ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Mesiad</er>.</def>

<h1>Mesal</h1>
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<hw>Mes"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Mesial</er>.</def>

<h1>M\'82salliance</h1>
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<hw>M\'82`sal`li`ance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A marriage with a person of inferior social position; a misalliance.</def>

<h1>Mesally</h1>
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<hw>Mes"al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Mesially</er>.</def>

<h1>Mesam</boid</h1>
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<hw>Mes`a*m<?/"boid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mes-</ets> + <ets>am<?/boid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of a class of independent, isolated cells found in the mesoderm, while the germ layers are undergoing differentiation.</def>

<h1>Mesaraic</h1>
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<hw>Mes`a*ra"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ mesentery; <?/ middle + <?/ flank.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Mesenteric.</def>

<h1>Mesaticephalic</h1>
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<hw>Mes`a*ti*ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> midmost + E. <ets>cephalic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the ratio of the length to the breadth of the cranium a medium one; neither brachycephalic nor dolichocephalic.</def>

<h1>Mesaticephalous</h1>
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<hw>Mes`a*ti*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Mesaticephalic.</def>

<h1>Mescal</h1>
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<hw>Mes*cal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A distilled liquor prepared in Mexico from a species of agave. See <er>Agave</er>.</def>

<h1>Mesdames</h1>
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<hw>Mes`dames"</hw> <tt>(F. ?, E. ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <def><tt>pl.</tt> of <er>Madame</er> and <er>Madam</er>.</def>

<h1>Meseems</h1>
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<hw>Me*seems"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. impers.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Meseemed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>It seems to me.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<h1>Mesel</h1>
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<hw>Me"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Measle</er>.]</ety> <def>A leper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Meselry</h1>
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<hw>Me"sel*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Leprosy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mesembryanthemum</h1>
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<hw>Me*sem`bry*an"the*mum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ midday + <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbaceous or suffruticose plants, chiefly natives of South Africa. The leaves are opposite, thick, and f<?/eshy. The flowers usually open about midday, whence the name.</def>

<h1>Mesencephalic</h1>
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<hw>Mes`en*ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the mesencephalon or midbrain.</def>

<h1>Mesencephalon</h1>
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<hw>Mes`en*ceph"a*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Meso-</er> and <er>Encephalon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The middle segment of the brain; the midbrain. Sometimes abbreviated to <i>mesen</i>. See <er>Brain</er>.</def>

<h1>Mesenchyma</h1>
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<hw>Mes*en"chy*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ middle + <ets>-enchyma</ets>, as in E. <ets>parenchyma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The part of the mesoblast which gives rise to the connective tissues and blood.</def>

<h1>Mesenteric</h1>
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<hw>Mes`en*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82sent\'82rique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a mesentery; mesaraic.</def>

<h1>Mesenteron</h1>
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<hw>Mes*en"te*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Meso-</er>, and <er>Enteron</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>All that part of the alimentary canal which is developed from the primitive enteron and is lined with hypoblast. It is distinguished from the <i>stomod<?/um</i>, a part at the anterior end of the canal, including the cavity of the mouth, and the <i>proctod<?/um</i>, a part at the posterior end, which are formed by invagination and are lined with epiblast.</def>

<h1>Mesentery</h1>
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<hw>Mes"en*ter*y</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/ + <?/ intestine: cf. F. <ets>m\'82sent\'8are</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The membranes, or one of the membranes (consisting of a fold of the peritoneum and inclosed tissues), which connect the intestines and their appendages with the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity. The mesentery proper is connected with the jejunum and ilium, the other mesenteries being called <i>mesoc<?/cum</i>, <i>mesocolon</i>, <i>mesorectum</i>, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the vertical muscular radiating partitions which divide the body cavity of Anthozoa into chambers.</def>

<h1>Meseraic</h1>
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<hw>Mes`e*ra"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Mesaraic.</def>

<h1>Mesethmoid</h1>
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<hw>Mes*eth"moid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mes-</ets> + <ets>ethmoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the middle of the ethmoid region or ethmoid bone.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The median vertical plate, or median element, of the ethmoid bone.</def></def2>

<h1>Mesh</h1>
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<hw>Mesh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>masc</ets>, <ets>max</ets>, <ets>m<?/scre</ets>; akin to D. <ets>maas</ets>, <ets>masche</ets>, OHG. <ets>masca</ets>, Icel. <ets>m\'94skvi</ets>; cf. Lith. <ets>mazgas</ets> a knot, <ets>megsti</ets> to weave nets, to knot.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The opening or space inclosed by the threads of a net between knot and knot, or the threads inclosing such a space; network; a net.</def>

<blockquote>A golden <b>mesh</b> to entrap the hearts of men.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gearing)</fld> <def>The engagement of the teeth of wheels, or of a wheel and rack.</def>

<cs><col>Mesh stick</col>, <cd>a stick on which the mesh is formed in netting.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mesh</h1>
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<hw>Mesh</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Meshed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Meshing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To catch in a mesh.</def>

<i>Surrey.</i>

<h1>Mesh</h1>
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<hw>Mesh</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Gearing)</fld> <def>To engage with each other, as the teeth of wheels.</def>

<h1>Meshed</h1>
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<hw>Meshed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mashed; brewed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Meshy</h1>
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<hw>Mesh"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed with meshes; netted.</def>

<h1>Mesiad</h1>
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<hw>Mes"i*ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ middle + L. <ets>ad</ets> to.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Toward, or on the side toward, the mesial plane; mesially; -- opposed to <i>laterad</i>.</def>

<h1>Mesial</h1>
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<hw>Me"sial</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ middle.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Middle; median; in, or in the region of, the mesial plane; internal; -- opposed to <i>lateral</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Mesial plane</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Meson</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mesially</h1>
<Xpage=915>

<hw>Me"sial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>In, near, or toward, the mesial plane; mesiad.</def>

<h1>Mesityl</h1>
<Xpage=915>

<hw>Mes"i*tyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hypothetical radical formerly supposed to exist in mesityl oxide.</def>

<cs><col>Mesityl oxide</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a volatile liquid having the odor of peppermint, obtained by certain dehydrating agents from acetone; -- formerly called also <altname>dumasin</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mesitylenate</h1>
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<hw>Me*sit"y*le*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of mesitylenic acid.</def>

<h1>Mesitylene</h1>
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<hw>Me*sit"y*lene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, fragrant liquid, <chform>C6H3(CH3)3</chform>, of the benzene series of hydrocarbons, obtained by distilling acetone with sulphuric acid.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Me*sit`y*len"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mesitylol</h1>
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<hw>Me*sit"y*lol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mesityl</ets>ene + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline substance obtained from mesitylene.</def>

<h1>Meslin</h1>
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<hw>Mes"lin</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Maslin</er>.</def>

<h1>Mesmeree</h1>
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<hw>Mes`mer*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person subjected to mesmeric influence; one who is mesmerized.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mesmeric, Mesmerical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mes*mer"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mes*mer"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mesm\'82rique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or induced by, mesmerism; <as>as, <ex>mesmeric</ex> sleep</as>.</def>

<h1>Mesmerism</h1>
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<hw>Mes"mer*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Mesmer</ets>, who first brought it into notice at Vienna, about 1775: cf. F. <ets>mesm\'82risme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of inducing an extraordinary or abnormal state of the nervous system, in which the actor claims to control the actions, and communicate directly with the mind, of the recipient. See <cref>Animal magnetism</cref>, under <er>Magnetism</er>.</def>

<h1>Mesmerist</h1>
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<hw>Mes"mer*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices, or believes in, mesmerism.</def>

<h1>Mesmerization</h1>
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<hw>Mes`mer*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of mesmerizing; the state of being mesmerized.</def>

<h1>Mesmerize</h1>
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<hw>Mes"mer*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mesmerized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mesmerizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring into a state of mesmeric sleep.</def>

<h1>Mesmerizer</h1>
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<hw>Mes"mer*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who mesmerizes.</def>

<h1>Mesne</h1>
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<hw>Mesne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Mean</er> intermediate.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Middle; intervening; <as>as, a <ex>mesne</ex> lord, that is, a lord who holds land of a superior, but grants a part of it to another person, in which case he is a <ex>tenant</ex> to the superior, but <ex>lord</ex> or superior to the second grantee, and hence is called the <ex>mesne</ex> lord</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Mesne process</col>, <cd>intermediate process; process intervening between the beginning and end of a suit, sometimes understood to be the whole process preceding the execution.</cd>

<i>Blackstone. Burrill.</i>

-- <col>Mesne profits</col>, profits of premises during the time the owner has been wrongfully kept out of the possession of his estate.

<i>Burrill.</i></cs>

<h1>Meso-, Mes-</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mes"o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mes-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ in the middle.]</ety> <def>A combining form denoting <i>in the middle</i>, <i>intermediate</i>; specif. <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, denoting <i>a type of hydrocarbons</i> which are regarded as <i>methenyl derivatives</i>. Also used adjectively.</def>
<-- in Chem., now used differently, for optical isomers -->

<h1>Mesoarium</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*a"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ middle + <?/, dim. of <?/ an egg.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The fold of peritoneum which suspends the ovary from the dorsal wall of the body cavity.</def><-- = now mesovarium.  Entry under mesovarium is not cross-referenced to this entry. ??? -->

<h1>Mesoblast</h1>
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<hw>Mes"o*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The mesoderm.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cell nucleus; mesoplast.</def>

<h1>Mesoblastic</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*blas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to the mesoblast; <as>as, the <ex>mesoblastic</ex> layer</as>.</def>

<h1>Mesobranchial</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*bran"chi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + <ets>branchial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a region of the carapace of a crab covering the middle branchial region.</def>

<h1>Mesobronchium</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*bron"chi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mesobronchia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Meso-</er>, and <er>Bronchia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The main bronchus of each lung.</def>

<h1>Mesoc\'91cum</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*c\'91"cum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <ety>[NL. See <er>Meso-</er>, and <er>C\'91cum</er>.]</ety> <def>The fold of peritoneum attached to the c\'91cum.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mes`o*c\'91"cal</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mesocarp</h1>
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<hw>Mes"o*carp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The middle layer of a pericarp which consists of three distinct or dissimilar layers.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Mesocephalic</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + <ets>cephalic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to, or in the region of, the middle of the head; <as>as, the <ex>mesocephalic</ex> flexure</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having the cranial cavity of medium capacity; neither megacephalic nor microcephalic.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Having the ratio of the length to the breadth of the cranium a medium one; mesaticephalic.</def>

<h1>Mesocephalon</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*ceph"a*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Meso-</er>, and <er>Cephalon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The pons Varolii.</def>

<h1>Mesocephalous</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Mesocephalic.</def>

<h1>Mesoc\'d2le, Mesoc\'d2lia</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mes`o*c\'d2"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mes`o*c\'d2"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>mesocoelia</ets>. See <er>Meso-</er>, and <er>C\'d2lia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The cavity of the mesencephalon; the iter.</def>

<h1>Mesocolon</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*co"lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ middle + <?/ the colon : cf. F. <ets>m\'82soc\'93lon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The fold of peritoneum, or mesentery, attached to the colon.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mes`o*col"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mesocoracoid</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*cor"a*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + <ets>coracoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A process from the middle of the coracoid in some animals.</def>

<h1>Mesocuneiform, Mesocuniform</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mes`o*cu*ne"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mes`o*cu"ni*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + <ets>cuneiform</ets>, <ets>cuniform</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the bones of the tarsus. See 2d <er>Cuneiform</er>.</def>

<h1>Mesoderm</h1>
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<hw>Mes"o*derm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ skin.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The layer of the blastoderm, between the ectoderm and endoderm; mesoblast. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Blastoderm</er> and <er>Ectoderm</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The middle body layer in some invertebrates.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The middle layer of tissue in some vegetable structures.</def>

<h1>Mesodermal</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*der"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the mesoderm; <as>as, <ex>mesodermal</ex> tissues</as>.</def>

<h1>Mesodermic</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*der"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Mesodermal</er>.</def>

<h1>Mesodont</h1>
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<hw>Mes"o*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having teeth of moderate size.</def>

<h1>Mesogaster</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*gas"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ middle + <?/ belly.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The fold of peritoneum connecting the stomach with the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity; the mesogastrium.</def>

<h1>Mesogastric</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*gas"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + <ets>gastric</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the middle region of the abdomen, or of the stomach.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the mesogaster.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the middle gastric lobe of the carapace of a crab.</def>

<h1>Mesogastrium</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*gas"tri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Mesogaster</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The umbilical region.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The mesogaster.</def>

<h1>Mesogl</a</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*gl<?/"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ middle + <?/ a glutinous substance.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A thin gelatinous tissue separating the ectoderm and endoderm in certain c\'d2lenterates.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mes`o*gl<?/"al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mesognathous</h1>
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<hw>Me*sog"na*thous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the jaws slightly projecting; between prognathous and orthognathous. See <cref>Gnathic index</cref>, under <er>Gnathic</er>.</def>

<h1>Mesohepar</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*he"par</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Meso-</er>, and <er>Hepar</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A fold of the peritoneum connecting the liver with the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity.</def>

<h1>Mesohippus</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*hip"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ middle + <?/ a horse.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct mammal of the Horse family, but not larger than a sheep, and having three toes on each foot.</def>

<h1>Mesolabe</h1>
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<hw>Mes"o*labe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mesolabium</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ middle + <?/ to take.]</ety> <def>An instrument of the ancients for finding two mean proportionals between two given lines, required in solving the problem of the duplication of the cube.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Mesole</h1>
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<hw>Mes"ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ middle.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Thomsonite</er>.</def>

<h1>Mesolite</h1>
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<hw>Mes"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A zeolitic mineral, grayish white or yellowish, occuring in delicate groups of crystals, also fibrous massive. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina, lime, and soda.</def>

<h1>Mesologarithm</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*log"a*rithm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + <ets>logarithm</ets> : cf. F. <ets>m\'82sologarithme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A logarithm of the cosine or cotangent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Kepler. Hutton.</i>

<h1>Mesometrium</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*me"tri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Meso-</er>, and <er>Metrium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The fold of the peritoneum supporting the oviduct.</def>

<h1>Mesomyodian</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*my*o"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird having a mesomyodous larynx.</def>

<h1>Mesomyodous</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*my"o*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, a muscle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the intrinsic muscles of the larynx attached to the middle of the semirings.</def>

<h1>Meson</h1>
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<hw>Mes"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ middle, neut. of <?/, a., middle.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The mesial plane dividing the body of an animal into similar right and left halves. The line in which it meets the dorsal surface has been called the <i>dorsimeson</i>, and the corresponding ventral edge the <i>ventrimeson</i>.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Mesonasal</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*na"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + <ets>nasal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the middle portion of the nasal region.</def>

<h1>Mesonephric</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*neph"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the mesonephros; <as>as, the <ex>mesonephric</ex>, or Wolffian, duct</as>.</def>

<h1>Mesonephros</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*neph"ros</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ middle + <?/ kidney.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The middle one of the three pairs of embryonic renal organs developed in most vertebrates; the Wolffian body.</def>

<h1>Mesonotum</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*no"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ middle + <?/ the back.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dorsal portion of the mesothorax of insects.</def>

<h1>Mesophl</um</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*phl<?/"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ middle + <?/ bark.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The middle bark of a tree; the green layer of bark, usually soon covered by the outer or corky layer, and obliterated.</def>

<h1>Mesophryon</h1>
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<hw>Me*soph"ry*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Glabella</er>.</def>

<h1>Mesophyllum</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*phyl"lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ middle + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The parenchyma of a leaf between the skin of the two surfaces.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Mesoplast</h1>
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<hw>Mes"o*plast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + <ets>-plast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The nucleus of a cell; mesoblast.</def>

<i>Agassix.</i>

<hr>
<page="916">
Page 916<p>

<h1>Mesopodial</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*po"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the mesopodialia or to the parts of the limbs to which they belong.</def>

<h1>Mesopodiale</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*po`di*a"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mesopodialia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ middle + <?/, dim. of <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the bones of either the carpus or tarsus.</def>

<h1>Mesopodium</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*po"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Mesopodiale</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The middle portion of the foot in the Gastropoda and Pteropoda.</def>

<h1>Mesopterygium</h1>
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<hw>Me*sop`te*ryg"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ middle + <?/ a fin.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The middle one of the three principal basal cartilages in the fins of fishes.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Me*sop`ter*yg"i*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mesorchium</h1>
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<hw>Me*sor"chi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ middle + <?/ a testicle.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The fold of peritoneum which attaches the testis to the dorsal wall of the body cavity or scrotal sac.</def>

<h1>Mesorectum</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*rec"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + <ets>rectum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The fold of peritoneum, or mesentery, attached to the rectum.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mes`o*rec"tal</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mesorhine</h1>
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<hw>Mes"o*rhine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, the nose.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the nose of medium width; between leptorhine and platyrhine.</def>

<h1>Mesosauria</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*sau"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Mosasauria</er>.</def>

<h1>Mesoscapula</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*scap"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + <ets>scapula</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A process from the middle of the scapula in some animals; the spine of the scapula.</def>

<h1>Mesoscapular</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*scap"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the mesoscapula.</def>

<h1>Mesoscutum</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*scu"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + <ets>scutum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The scutum or dorsal plate of the middle thoracic segment of an insect. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Butterfly</er>.</def>

<h1>Mesoseme</h1>
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<hw>Mes"o*seme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ sign, mark; cf. F. <ets>m\'82sos\'8ame</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having a medium orbital index; having orbits neither broad nor narrow; between megaseme and microseme.</def>

<h1>Mesosiderite</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*sid"er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + <ets>siderite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See the Note under <er>Meteorite</er>.</def>

<h1>Mesosperm</h1>
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<hw>Mes"o*sperm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ seed: cf. F. <ets>m\'82sosperme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A membrane of a seed. See <er>Secundine</er>.</def>

<h1>Mesostate</h1>
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<hw>Mes"o*state</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to make to stand.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A product of metabolic action.</def>

<note>&hand; Every <i>mesostate</i> is either an <i>anastate</i> or <i>katastate</i>, according as it is formed by an anabolic or katabolic process. See <er>Metabolism</er>.</note>

<h1>Mesosternal</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*ster"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the mesosternum.</def>

<h1>Mesosternum</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*ster"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + <ets>sternum</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The middle portion, or body, of the sternum.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ventral piece of the middle segment of the thorax in insects.</def>

<h1>Mesotartaric</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*tar*tar"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + <ets>tartaric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid called also <altname>inactive tartaric acid</altname>.</def>

<h1>Mesotheca</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*the"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ middle + <?/ box.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The middle layer of the gonophore in the Hydrozoa.</def>

<h1>Mesothelium</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*the"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ middle + E. epi<ets>thelium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Epithelial mesoderm; a layer of cuboidal epithelium cells, formed from a portion of the mesoderm during the differetiation of the germ layers. It constitutes the boundary of the c&oe;lum.</def>

<h1>Mesothoracic</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*tho*rac"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the mesothorax.</def>

<h1>Mesothorax</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*tho"rax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + <ets>thorax</ets>: cf. F. <ets>m\'82sothorax</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The middle segment of the thorax in insects. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Coleoptera</er>.</def>

<h1>Mesotrochal</h1>
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<hw>Mes"o*tro`chal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ anything round, a hoop.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the middle of the body surrounded by bands of cilia; -- said of the larv\'91 of certain marine annelids.</def>

<h1>Mesotype</h1>
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<hw>Mes"o*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + <ets>-type</ets>: cf. F. <ets>m\'82sotype</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An old term covering natrolite or <i>soda mesolite</i>, scolecite or <i>lime mesotype</i>, and mesolite or <i>lime-soda mesotype</i>.</def>

<h1>Mesovarium</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*va"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Meso-</er>, and <er>Ovary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The fold of peritoneum connecting the ovary with the wall of the abdominal cavity.</def>

<h1>Mesoxalate</h1>
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<hw>Mes*ox"a*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of mesoxalic acid.</def>

<h1>Mesoxalic</h1>
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<hw>Mes`ox*al"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mes-</ets> + <ets>oxalic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, <chform>CH2O2(CO2H)2</chform>, obtained from amido malonic acid.</def>

<h1>Mesozoa</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*zo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Mesozoic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of very lowly organized, wormlike parasites, including the Dicyemata. They are found in cephalopods. See <er>Dicyemata</er>.</def>

<h1>Mesozoic</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meso-</ets> + Gr. <?/ life, fr. <?/ to live.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Belonging, or relating, to the secondary or reptilian age, or the era between the Paleozoic and Cenozoic. See <i>Chart</i> of <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Mesozoic</h1>
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<hw>Mes`o*zo"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Mesozoic age or formation.</def>

<h1>Mesprise</h1>
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<hw>Mes*prise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>mespris</ets>, F. <ets>m\'82pris</ets>. See <er>Misprize</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Contempt; scorn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Perh. for F. <ets>m\'82prise</ets> mistake. Cf. <er>Misprision</er>.]</ety> <def>Misadventure; ill-success.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Mesquite, Mesquit</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mes*qui"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mes*quit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>mezquite</ets>; said to be a Mexican Indian word.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name for two trees of the southwestern part of North America, the honey mesquite, and screw-pod mesquite.</def>

<cs><col>Honey mesquite</col>. <cd>See <er>Algaroba</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Screw-pod mesquite</col>, <cd>a smaller tree (<spn>Prosopis pubescens</spn>), having spiral pods used as fodder and sometimes as food by the Indians.</cd> -- <col>Mesquite grass</col>, <cd>a rich native grass in Western Texas (<spn>Bouteloua oligostachya</spn>, and other species); -- so called from its growing in company with the mesquite tree; -- called also <altname>muskit grass</altname>, <altname>grama grass</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mess</h1>
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<hw>Mess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mass; church service.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mess</h1>
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<hw>Mess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mes</ets>, OF. <ets>mets</ets>, LL. <ets>missum</ets>, p. p. of <ets>mittere</ets> to put, place (<ets>e</ets>. <ets>g</ets>., on the table), L. <ets>mittere</ets> to send. See <er>Mission</er>, and cf. <er>Mass</er> religious service.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A quantity of food set on a table at one time; provision of food for a person or party for one meal; <as>as, a <ex>mess</ex> of pottage</as>; also, the food given to a beast at one time.</def>

<blockquote>At their savory dinner set
Of herbs and other country <b>messes</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A number of persons who eat together, and for whom food is prepared in common; especially, persons in the military or naval service who eat at the same table; <as>as, the wardroom <ex>mess</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A set of four; -- from the old practice of dividing companies into sets of four at dinner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The milk given by a cow at one milking.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <ety>[Perh. corrupt. fr. OE. <ets>mesh</ets> for <ets>mash</ets>: cf. <ets>muss</ets>.]</ety> <def>A disagreeable mixture or confusion of things; hence, a situation resulting from blundering or from misunderstanding; <as>as, he made a <ex>mess</ex> of it</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Mess</h1>
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<hw>Mess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Messed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Messing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To take meals with a mess; to belong to a mess; to eat (with others); <as>as, I <ex>mess</ex> with the wardroom officers</as>.</def>

<i>Marryat.</i>

<h1>Mess</h1>
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<hw>Mess</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To supply with a mess.</def>

<h1>Message</h1>
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<hw>Mes"sage</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>missaticum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mittere</ets>, <ets>missum</ets>, to send. See <er>Mission</er>, and cf. <er>Messenger</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any notice, word, or communication, written or verbal, sent from one person to another.</def>

<blockquote>Ehud said, I have a <b>message</b> from God unto thee.
<i>Judg. iii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, specifically, an official communication, not made in person, but delivered by a messenger; <as>as, the President's <ex>message</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Message shell</col>. <cd>See <er>Shell</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Message</h1>
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<hw>Mes"sage</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bear as a message.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Message</h1>
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<hw>Mes"sage</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE., fr. OF. <ets>message</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>missaticus</ets>. See 1st <er>Message</er>.]</ety> <def>A messenger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Messager</h1>
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<hw>Mes"sa*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE.]</ety> <def>A messenger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Messenger</h1>
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<hw>Mes"sen*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>messager</ets>, OF. <ets>messagier</ets>, F. <ets>messager</ets>. See <er>Message</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who bears a message; the bearer of a verbal or written communication, notice, or invitation, from one person to another, or to a public body; specifically, an office servant who bears messages.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who, or that which, foreshows, or foretells.</def>

<blockquote>Yon gray lines
That fret the clouds are <b>messengers</b> of day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A hawser passed round the capstan, and having its two ends lashed together to form an endless rope or chain; -- formerly used for heaving in the cable.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person appointed to perform certain ministerial duties under bankrupt and insolvent laws, such as to take charge og the estate of the bankrupt or insolvent.</def>

<i>Bouvier. Tomlins.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Carrier; intelligencer; courier; harbinger; forerunner; precursor; herald.</syn>

<cs><col>Messenger bird</col>, <cd>the secretary bird, from its swiftness.</cd></cs>

<h1>Messet</h1>
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<hw>Mes"set</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dog.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Messiad</h1>
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<hw>Mes*si"ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A German epic poem on the Messiah, by Klopstock.</def>

<h1>Messiah</h1>
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<hw>Mes*si"ah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>m\'besh\'c6akh</ets> anointed, fr. <ets>m\'beshakh</ets> to anoint. Cf. <er>Messias</er>.]</ety> <def>The expected king and deliverer of the Hebrews; the Savior; Christ.</def>

<blockquote>And told them the <b>Messiah</b> now was born.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Messiahship</h1>
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<hw>Mes*si"ah*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or office of the Messiah.</def>

<h1>Messianic</h1>
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<hw>Mes`si*an"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to the Messiah; <as>as, the <ex>Messianic</ex> office or character</as>.</def>

<h1>Messias</h1>
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<hw>Mes*si"as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Messiah</er>.]</ety> <def>The Messiah.</def>

<blockquote>I know that <b>Messias</b> cometh, which is called Christ.
<i>John iv. 25.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Messidor</h1>
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<hw>Mes`si`dor"</hw> <tt>(F. ?; E. ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>messis</ets> harvest.]</ety> <def>The tenth month of the French republican calendar dating from September 22, 1792. It began June 19, and ended July 18. See <er>Vend\'90miaire</er>.</def>

<h1>Messieurs</h1>
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<hw>Mes"sieurs</hw> <tt>(?; F. ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F.; pl. of <ets>monsieur</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sirs; gentlemen; -- abbreviated to <i>Messrs</i>., which is used as the plural of <i>Mr</i>.</def>

<h1>Messinese</h1>
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<hw>Mes`si*nese"</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Messina, or its inhabitans.</def>

<h1>Messmate</h1>
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<hw>Mess"mate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An associate in a mess.</def>

<h1>Messuage</h1>
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<hw>Mes"suage</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>mesuage</ets>, <ets>masnage</ets>, LL. <ets>messuagium</ets>, <ets>mansionaticum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mansio</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>, a staying, remaining, dwelling, fr. <ets>manere</ets>, <ets>mansum</ets>, to stay, remain, E. <ets>mansion</ets>, <ets>manse</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A dwelling house, with the adjacent buildings and curtilage, and the adjoining lands appropriated to the use of the household.</def>

<i>Cowell. Bouvier.</i>

<blockquote>They wedded her to sixty thousand pounds,
To lands in Kent, and <b>messuages</b> in York.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mest</h1>
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<hw>Mest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Most.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mestee</h1>
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<hw>Mes*tee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mestizo</er>.]</ety> <def>The offspring of a white person and a quadroon; -- so called in the West Indies.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mustee</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mester</h1>
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<hw>Mes"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Mister</er>, a trade.</def>

<h1>Mestino</h1>
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<hw>Mes*ti"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mestinos</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>See <er>Mestizo</er>.</def>

<h1>Mestizo</h1>
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<hw>Mes*ti"zo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mestizos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp. <ets>mestizo</ets>; akin to OF. <ets>mestis</ets>, F. <ets>m\'82tis</ets>; all fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>mixtitius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mixtus</ets> mixed, p. p. of <ets>miscere</ets> to mix. See <er>Mix</er>, and cf. <er>Mestee</er>, <er>M\'90tif</er>, <er>M\'90tis</er>, <er>Mustee</er>.]</ety> <def>The offspring of an Indian or a negro and a European or person of European stock.</def> <mark>[Spanish America]</mark>

<cs><col>Mestizo wool</col>, <cd>wool imported from South America, and produced by mixed breeds of sheep.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mestling</h1>
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<hw>Mest"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of brass. See <er>Maslin</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mesymnicum</h1>
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<hw>Me*sym"ni*cum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ middle + <?/ a festive song. See <er>Hymn</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Poetry)</fld> <def>A repetition at the end of a stanza.</def>

<h1>Met</h1>
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<hw>Met</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Meet</er>.</def>

<h1>Met</h1>
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<hw>Met</hw>, <tt>obs. imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Mete</er>, to measure.</def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Met</h1>
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<hw>Met</hw>, <tt>obs. p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Mete</er>, to dream.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Meta-, Met-</h1>
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<hw><hw>Met"a-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Met-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ between, with, after; akin to AS. <ets>mid</ets> with, G. <ets>mit</ets>, Goth. <ets>mi\'ed</ets>, E. <ets>mid</ets>, in <ets>midwife</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A prefix meaning <i>between</i>, <i>with</i>, <i>after</i>, <i>behind</i>, <i>over</i>, <i>about</i>, <i>reversely</i>; <as>as, <ex>meta</ex>chronism, the error of placing after the correct time; <ex>meta</ex>phor, lit., a carrying over; <ex>meta</ex>thesis, a placing reversely.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> A prefix denoting: <sd>(a)</sd> <def><i>Other</i>; <i>duplicate</i>, <i>corresponding to</i>; <i>resembling</i>; hence, <i>metameric</i>; <as>as, <ex>meta</ex>-arabinic, <ex>met</ex>aldehyde</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Organic Chem.)</fld> <def>That two replacing radicals, in the benzene nucleus, occupy the <i>relative positions</i> of 1 and 3, 2 and 4, 3 and 5, 4 and 6, 5 and 1, or 6 and 2; <as>as, <ex>meta</ex>cresol, etc.</as>  See <er>Ortho-</er>, and <er>Para-</er>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Inorganic Chem.)</fld> <def>Having <i>less than the highest number</i> of hydroxyl groups; -- said of acids; <as>as, <ex>meta</ex>phosphoric acid</as>. Also used adjectively.</def>

<-- 3. A prefix meaning <i>at a level above<i>, as metaphysics, metalanguage. -->

<h1>Metabasis</h1>
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<hw>Me*tab"a*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Metabases</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to pass over; <?/ beyond, over + <?/ to go.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A transition from one subject to another.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Metabola</er>.</def>

<h1>Metabola, Metabole</h1>
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<hw><hw>Me*tab"o*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Me*tab"o*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ change; <?/ beyond + <?/ to throw.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A change or mutation; a change of disease, symptoms, or treatment.</def>

<h1>Metabola, Metabolia</h1>
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<hw><hw>Me*tab"o*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Met`a*bo"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See 1st <er>Metabola</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A comprehensive group of insects, including those that undegro a metamorphosis.</def>

<h1>Metabolian</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*bo"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Metabola</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect which undergoes a metamorphosis.</def>

<h1>Metabolic</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*bol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Metabola</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to metamorphosis; pertaining to, or involving, change.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to metabolism; <as>as, <ex>metabolic</ex> activity; <ex>metabolic</ex> force.</as></def>

<h1>Metabolisis</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*bol"i*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Metabolism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Metabolism</h1>
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<hw>Me*tab"o*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act or process, by which living tissues or cells take up and convert into their own proper substance the nutritive material brought to them by the blood, or by which they transform their cell protoplasm into simpler substances, which are fitted either for excretion or for some special purpose, as in the manufacture of the digestive ferments. Hence, metabolism may be either constructive (<stype>anabolism</stype>), or destructive (<stype>katabolism</stype>).</def><-- now sp. catabolism -->

<h1>Metabolite</h1>
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<hw>Me*tab"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol Chem.)</fld> <def>A product of metabolism; a substance produced by metabolic action, as urea.</def>

<h1>Metabolize</h1>
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<hw>Me*tab"o*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To change by a metabolic process. See <er>Metabolism</er>.</def>

<h1>Metabranchial</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*bran"chi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meta-</ets> + <ets>branchial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the lobe of the carapace of crabs covering the posterior branchi\'91.</def>

<h1>Metacarpal</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*car"pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the metacarpus.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A metacarpal bone.</def></def2>

<h1>Metacarpus</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*car"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ beyond, between + <?/ the wrist.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>That part of the skeleton of the hand or forefoot between the carpus and phalanges. In man it consists of five bones. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Artiodactyla</er>.</def>

<h1>Metacenter &or; -tre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Met`a*cen"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> &or; <hw>-tre</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>meta-</ets> + <ets>center</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Hydrostatics)</fld> <def>The point of intersection of a vertical line through the center of gravity of the fluid displaced by a floating body which is tipped through a small angle from its position of equilibrium, and the inclined line which was vertical through the center of gravity of the body when in equilibrium.</def>

<note>&hand; When the metacenter is above the center of gravity, the position of the body is stable; when below it, unstable.</note>

<h1>Metacetone</h1>
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<hw>Me*tac"e*tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>met-</ets> + <ets>acetone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless liquid of an agreeable odor, <chform>C6H10O</chform>, obtained by distilling a mixture of sugar and lime; -- so called because formerly regarded as a polymeric modification of acetone.</def>

<h1>Metachloral</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*chlo"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>meta-</ets> + <ets>chloral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, amorphous, insoluble substance regarded as a polymeric variety of chloral.</def>

<h1>Metachronism</h1>
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<hw>Me*tach"ro*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, after the time, happening afterward; <?/ beyond + <?/ time: cf. F. <ets>m\'82tachronisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>An error committed in chronology by placing an event after its real time.</def>

<h1>Metachrosis</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*chro"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ beyond + <?/ a coloring.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The power og changing color at will by the expansion of special pigment cells, under nerve influence, as seen in many reptiles, fishes, etc.</def>

<i>Cope.</i>

<h1>Metacinnabarite</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*cin"na*bar*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>meta-</ets> + <ets>cinnabar</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Sulphide of mercury in isometric form and black in color.</def>

<h1>Metacism</h1>
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<hw>Met"a*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>metacismus</ets>, Gr. <?/ fondness for the letter <?/.]</ety> <def>A defect in pronouncing the letter <i>m</i>, or a too frequent use of it.</def>

<h1>Metacrolein</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*cro"le*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>met-</ets> + <ets>acrolein</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A polymeric modification of acrolein obtained by heating it with caustic potash. It is a crystalline substance having an aromatic odor.</def>

<h1>Metacromion</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*cro"mi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A process projecting backward and downward from the acromion of the scapula of some mammals.</def>

<h1>Metadiscoidal</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*dis*coid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meta-</ets> + <ets>discoidal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Discoidal by derivation; -- applied especially to the placenta of man and apes, because it is supposed to have been derived from a diffused placenta.</def>

<h1>Metagastric</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*gas"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>meta-</ets> + <ets>gastric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the two posterior gastric lobes of the carapace of crabs.</def>

<h1>Metage</h1>
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<hw>Met"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Mete</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Measurement, especially of coal.</def>

<i>De Foe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Charge for, or price of, measuring.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Metagenesis</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>meta-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The change of form which one animal species undergoes in a series of successively produced individuals, extending from the one developed from the ovum to the final perfected individual. Hence, metagenesis involves the production of sexual individuals by nonsexual means, either directly or through intervening sexless generations. Opposed to <i>monogenesis</i>. See <cref>Alternate generation</cref>, under <er>Generation</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Alternation of sexual and asexual or gemmiparous generations; -- in distinction from <i>heterogamy</i>.</def>

<hr>
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Page 917<p>

<h1>Metagenetic</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to metagenesis.</def>

<h1>Metagenic</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Metagenetic.</def>

<h1>Metagnathous</h1>
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<hw>Me*tag"na*thous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>meta-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Cross-billed; -- said of certain birds, as the crossbill.</def>

<h1>Metagrammatism</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*gram"ma*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anagrammatism.</def>

<h1>Metagraphic</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>By or pertaining to metagraphy.</def>

<h1>Metagraphy</h1>
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<hw>Me*tag"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>meta-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or act of rendering the letters of the alphabet of one language into the possible equivalents of another; transliteration.</def>

<i>Stormonth.</i>

<h1>Metal</h1>
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<hw>Met"al</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82tal</ets>, L. <ets>metallum</ets> metal, mine, Gr. <?/ mine; cf. Gr. <?/ to search after. Cf. <er>Mettle</er>, <er>Medal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An elementary substance, as sodium, calcium, or copper, whose oxide or hydroxide has basic rather than acid properties, as contrasted with the nonmetals, or metalloids. No sharp line can be drawn between the metals and nonmetals, and certain elements partake of both acid and basic qualities, as chromium, manganese, bismuth, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; Popularly, the name is applied to certain hard, fusible metals, as gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, lead, zinc, nickel, etc., and also to the mixed metals, or metallic alloys, as brass, bronze, steel, bell metal, etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ore from which a metal is derived; -- so called by miners.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A mine from which ores are taken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Slaves . . . and persons condemned to <b>metals</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The substance of which anything is made; material; hence, constitutional disposition; character; temper.</def>

<blockquote>Not till God make men of some other <b>metal</b> than earth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Courage; spirit; mettle. See <er>Mettle</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; The allusion is to the temper of the metal of a sword blade.</note>

<i>Skeat.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The broken stone used in macadamizing roads and ballasting railroads.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The effective power or caliber of guns carried by a vessel of war.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Glass in a state of fusion.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The rails of a railroad.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>Base metal</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>any one of the metals, as iron, lead, etc., which are readily tarnished or oxidized, in contrast with the noble metals. In general, a metal of small value, as compared with gold or silver.</cd> -- <col>Fusible metal</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a very fusible alloy, usually consisting of bismuth with lead, tin, or cadmium.</cd> -- <col>Heavy metals</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the metallic elements not included in the groups of the alkalies, alkaline earths, or the earths; specifically, the heavy metals, as gold, mercury, platinum, lead, silver, etc.</cd> -- <col>Light metals</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the metallic elements of the alkali and alkaline earth groups, as sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, etc.; also, sometimes, the metals of the earths, as aluminium.</cd> -- <col>Muntz metal</col>, <cd>an alloy for sheathing and other purposes, consisting of about sixty per cent of copper, and forty of zinc. Sometimes a little lead is added. It is named from the inventor.</cd> -- <col>Prince's metal</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an alloy resembling brass, consisting of three parts of copper to one of zinc; -- also called <altname>Prince Rupert's metal</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Metal</h1>
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<hw>Met"al</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Metaled</er> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt> or <er>Metalled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Metaling</er> or <er>Metalling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover with metal; <as>as, to <ex>metal</ex> a ship's bottom; to <ex>metal</ex> a road.</as></def>

<h1>Metalammonium</h1>
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<hw>Met`al*am*mo"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Metal</ets> + <ets>ammonium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hypothetical radical derived from ammonium by the substitution of metallic atoms in place of hydrogen.</def>

<h1>Metalbumin</h1>
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<hw>Met`al*bu"min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>met-</ets> + <ets>albumin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A form of albumin found in ascitic and certain serous fluids. It is sometimes regarded as a mixture of albumin and mucin.</def>

<h1>Metaldehyde</h1>
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<hw>Me*tal"de*hyde</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>met-</ets> + <ets>aldehyde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline substance isomeric with, and obtained from, acetic aldehyde by polymerization, and reconvertible into the same.</def>

<h1>Metalepsis</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*lep"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Metalepses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ participation, alteration, fr. <?/ to partake, to take in exchange; <?/ beyond + <?/ to take.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The continuation of a trope in one word through a succession of significations, or the union of two or more tropes of a different kind in one word.</def>

<h1>Metalepsy</h1>
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<hw>Met"a*lep`sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Exchange; replacement; substitution; metathesis.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Metaleptic</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*lep"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a metalepsis.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Transverse; <as>as, the <ex>metaleptic</ex> motion of a muscle</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, concerned in, or occurring by, metalepsy.</def>

<h1>Metaleptical</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*lep"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Metaleptic.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Met`a*lep"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Metallic</h1>
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<hw>Me*tal"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>metallicus</ets>, fr. <ets>metallum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>m\'82tallique</ets>. See <er>Metal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a metal; of the nature of metal; resembling metal; <as>as, a <ex>metallic</ex> appearance; a <ex>metallic</ex> alloy.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or characterized by, the essential and implied properties of a metal, as contrasted with a nonmetal or metalloid; basic; antacid; positive.</def><-- conductive of electricity is now one of the most characteristic properties, and form cations by loss of electrons -->

<cs><col>Metallic iron</col>, <cd>iron in the state of the metal, as distinquished from its ores, as magnetic iron.</cd> -- <col>Metallic paper</col>, <cd>paper covered with a thin solution of lime, whiting, and size. When written upon with a pewter or brass pencil, the lines can hardly be effaced.</cd> -- <col>Metallic tinking</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a sound heard in the chest, when a cavity communicating with the air passages contains both air and liquid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Metallical</h1>
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<hw>Me*tal"lic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Metallic</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Metallicly</h1>
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<hw>Me*tal"lic*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a metallic manner; by metallic means.</def>

<h1>Metallifacture</h1>
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<hw>Me*tal`li*fac"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>metallum</ets> metal + <ets>facere</ets>, <ets>factum</ets>, to make.]</ety> <def>The production and working or manufacture of metals.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>R. Park.</i>

<h1>Metalliferous</h1>
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<hw>Met`al*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>metallifer</ets>; <ets>metallum</ets> metal + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>m\'82tallif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing metals; yielding metals.</def>

<h1>Metalliform</h1>
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<hw>Me*tal"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>metallum</ets> metal + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>m\'82talliforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form or structure of a metal.</def>

<h1>Metalline</h1>
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<hw>Met"al*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82tallin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a metal; metallic; <as>as, <ex>metalline</ex> properties</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Impregnated with metallic salts; chalybeate; <as>as, <ex>metalline</ex> water</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Metalline</h1>
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<hw>Met"al*line</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance of variable composition, but resembling a soft, dark-colored metal, used in the bearings of machines for obviating friction, and as a substitute for lubricants.</def>

<h1>Metallist</h1>
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<hw>Met"al*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A worker in metals, or one skilled in metals.</def>

<h1>Metallization</h1>
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<hw>Met`al*li*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82tallisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of metallizing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Metallize</h1>
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<hw>Met"al*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Metallized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Metallizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82talliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To impart metallic properties to; to impregnate with a metal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Metallochrome</h1>
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<hw>Me*tal"lo*chrome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Metallochromy</er>.]</ety> <def>A coloring produced by the deposition of some metallic compound; specifically, the prismatic tints produced by depositing a film of peroxide of lead on polished steel by electricity.</def>

<h1>Metallochromy</h1>
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<hw>Me*tal"lo*chro`my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>metallum</ets> metal + Gr. <?/ color.]</ety> <def>The art or process of coloring metals.</def>

<h1>Metallograph</h1>
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<hw>Me*tal"lo*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>metallum</ets> metal + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A print made by metallography.</def>

<h1>Metallographic</h1>
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<hw>Me*tal`lo*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or by means of, metallography.</def>

<h1>Metallographist</h1>
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<hw>Met`al*log"ra*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who writes on the subject of metals.</def>

<h1>Metallography</h1>
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<hw>Met`al*log"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>metallum</ets> metal + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>m\'82tallographie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science or art of metals and metal working; also, a treatise on metals.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A method of transferring impressions of the grain of wood to metallic surfaces by chemical action.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A substitute for lithography, in which metallic plates are used instead of stone.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Metalloid</h1>
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<hw>Met"al*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>metallum</ets> metal + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>m\'82tallo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Formerly, the metallic base of a fixed alkali, or alkaline earth; -- applied by Sir H. Davy to sodium, potassium, and some other metallic substances whose metallic character was supposed to be not well defined.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Now, one of several elementary substances which in the free state are unlike metals, and whose compounds possess or produce acid, rather than basic, properties; a nonmetal; <as>as, boron, carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine, etc.</as>, are <i>metalloids</i>.</def>

<h1>Metalloid</h1>
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<hw>Met"al*loid</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the appearance of a metal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having the properties of a nonmetal; nonmetallic; acid; negative.</def>

<h1>Metalloidal</h1>
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<hw>Met`al*loid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Metalloid.</def>

<h1>Metallorganic</h1>
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<hw>Met`al*lor*gan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Metalorganic.</def>

<h1>Metallotherapy</h1>
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<hw>Me*tal`lo*ther"a*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>metallum</ets> metal + E. <ets>therapy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Treatment of disease by applying metallic plates to the surface of the body.</def>

<h1>Metallurgic, Metallurgical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Met`al*lur"gic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Met`al*lur"gic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82tallurgique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to metallurgy.</def>

<h1>Metallurgist</h1>
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<hw>Met"al*lur`gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82tallurgiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who works in metals, or prepares them for use; one who is skilled in metallurgy.</def>

<h1>Metallurgy</h1>
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<hw>Met"al*lur`gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82tallurgie</ets>, fr. L. <ets>metallum</ets> metal, Gr. <?/ a mine + the root of <?/ work. See <er>Metal</er>, and <er>Work</er>.]</ety> <def>The art of working metals, comprehending the whole process of separating them from other matters in the ore, smelting, refining, and parting them; sometimes, in a narrower sense, only the process of extracting metals from their ores.</def>

<h1>Metalman</h1>
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<hw>Met"al*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Metalmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A worker in metals.</def>

<h1>Metalogical</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Beyond the scope or province of logic.</def>

<h1>Metalorganic</h1>
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<hw>Met`al*or*gan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Metal</ets>, L. <ets>metallum</ets> + E. <ets>organic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or denoting, any one of a series of compounds of certain metallic elements with organic radicals; as, zinc methyl, sodium ethyl, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>metallorganic</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Metamer</h1>
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<hw>Met"a*mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Metamere</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of several metameric forms of the same substance, or of different substances having the same composition; <as>as, xylene has three <ex>metamers</ex>, viz</as>., orthoxylene, metaxylene, and paraxylene.</def><-- = isomer -->

<h1>Metamere</h1>
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<hw>Met"a*mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>meta-</ets> + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of successive or homodynamous parts in animals and plants; one of a series of similar parts that follow one another in a vertebrate or articulate animal, as in an earthworm; a segment; a somite. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Loeven's larva</er>.</def>

<h1>Metameric</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*mer"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>meta-</ets> + Gr. <?/ part.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having the same elements united in the same proportion by weight, and with the same molecular weight, but possessing a different structure and different properties; <as>as, methyl ether and ethyl alcohol are <ex>metameric</ex> compounds</as>. See <er>Isomeric</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The existence of metameric compounds is due to the different arrangement of the same constituents in the molecule.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a metamere or its formation; <as>as, <ex>metameric</ex> segmentation</as>.</def>

<h1>Metamerically</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*mer"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a metameric manner.</def>

<h1>Metamerism</h1>
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<hw>Me*tam"er*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The symmetry of a metameric structure; serial symmetry; the state of being made up of metameres.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The state or quality of being metameric; also, the relation or condition of metameric compounds.</def>

<h1>Metamorphic</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Metamorphosis</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Subject to change; changeable; variable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing a change of structure.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, produced by, or exhibiting, certain changes which minerals or rocks may have undergone since their original deposition; -- especially applied to the recrystallization which sedimentary rocks have undergone through the influence of heat and pressure, after which they are called <i>metamorphic</i> rocks.</def>

<h1>Metamorphism</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The state or quality of being metamorphic; the process by which the material of rock masses has been more or less recrystallized by heat, pressure, etc., as in the change of sedimentary limestone to marble.</def>

<i>Murchison.</i>

<h1>Metamorphist</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*mor"phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One who believes that the body of Christ was merged into the Deity when he ascended.</def>

<h1>Metamorphize</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*mor"phize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To metamorphose.</def>

<h1>Metamorphose</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*mor"phose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Metamorphosed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Metamorphosing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82tamorphoser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To change into a different form; to transform; to transmute.</def>

<blockquote>And earth was <b>metamorphosed</b> into man.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Metamorphose</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*mor"phose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82tamorphose</ets>. See <er>Metamorphosis</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Metamorphosis</er>.</def>

<h1>Metamorphoser</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*mor"pho*ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who metamorphoses.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gascoigne.</i>

<h1>Metamorphosic</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*mor"pho*sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Changing the form; transforming.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Pownall.</i>

<h1>Metamorphosis</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*mor"pho*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Metamorphoses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to be transformed; <?/ beyond, over + <?/ form.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Change of form, or structure; transformation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A change in the form or function of a living organism, by a natural process of growth or development; <as>as, the <ex>metamorphosis</ex> of the yolk into the embryo, of a tadpole into a frog, or of a bud into a blossom</as>. Especially, that form of sexual reproduction in which an embryo undergoes a series of marked changes of external form, as the chrysalis stage, pupa stage, etc., in insects. In these intermediate stages sexual reproduction is usually impossible, but they ultimately pass into final and sexually developed forms, from the union of which organisms are produced which pass through the same cycle of changes. See <er>Transformation</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The change of material of one kind into another through the agency of the living organism; metabolism.</def>

<cs><col>Vegetable metamorphosis</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the doctrine that flowers are homologous with leaf buds, and that the floral organs are transformed leaves.</cd></cs>

<h1>Metanauplius</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*nau"pli*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Meta-</er>, and <er>Nauplius</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A larval crustacean in a stage following the nauplius, and having about seven pairs of appendages.</def>

<h1>Metanephritic</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*ne*phrit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the metanephros.</def>

<h1>Metanephros</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*neph"ros</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ behind + <?/ kidney.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The most posterior of the three pairs of embryonic renal organs developed in many vertebrates.</def>

<h1>Metanotum</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*no"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ behind + <?/ back.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dorsal portion of the metaphorax of insects.</def>

<h1>Metantimonate</h1>
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<hw>Met`an*ti*mo"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of metantimonic acid.</def>

<h1>Metantimonic</h1>
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<hw>Met`an*ti*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>met-</ets> + <ets>antimonic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (formerly called <altname>antimonic acid</altname>) analogous to metaphosphoric acid, and obtained as a white amorphous insoluble substance, (<chform>HSbO3</chform>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Formerly, designating an acid, which is now properly called <altname>pyroantimonic acid</altname>, and analogous to <i>pyrophosphoric acid</i>.</def>

<h1>Metapectic</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*pec"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>meta-</ets> + <ets>pectic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a supposed acid obtained from pectin.</def>

<h1>Metapectin</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*pec"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance obtained from, and resembling, pectin, and occurring in overripe fruits.</def>

<h1>Metapeptone</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*pep"tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>meta-</ets> + <ets>peptone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An intermediate product formed in the gastric digestion of albuminous matter.</def>

<h1>Metaphor</h1>
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<hw>Met"a*phor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82taphore</ets>, L. <ets>metaphora</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to carry over, transfer; <grk>meta`</grk> beyond, over + <grk>fe`rein</grk> to bring, bear.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The transference of the relation between one set of objects to another set for the purpose of brief explanation; a compressed simile; <it>e. g.</it>, the ship plows the sea.</def> <i>Abbott & Seeley</i>. "All the world's a stage."

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; The statement, "that man is a fox," is a metaphor; but "that man is like a fox," is a simile, similitude, or comparison.</note>

<h1>Metaphoric, Metaphorical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Met`a*phor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Met`a*phor"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>m\'82taphorique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to metaphor; comprising a metaphor; not literal; figurative; tropical; <as>as, a <ex>metaphorical</ex> expression; a <ex>metaphorical</ex> sense.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Met`a*phor"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Met`a*phor"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Metaphorist</h1>
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<hw>Met"a*phor*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes metaphors.</def>

<h1>Metaphosphate</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*phos"phate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of metaphosphoric acid.</def>

<h1>Metaphosphoric</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*phos*phor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>meta-</ets> + <ets>phosphoric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a monobasic acid, <chform>HPO3</chform>, analogous to nitric acid, and, by heating phosphoric acid, obtained as a crystalline substance, commonly called <i>glacial phosphoric acid</i>.</def>

<h1>Metaphrase</h1>
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<hw>Met"a*phrase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>meta`frasis</grk>, from <grk>metafrazein</grk> to paraphrase; <grk>meta`</grk> beyond, over + <grk>fra`zein</grk> to speak: cf. F. <ets>m\'82taphrase</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A verbal translation; a version or translation from one language into another, word for word; -- opposed to <i>paraphrase</i>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An answering phrase; repartee.</def>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<hr>
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<h1>Metaphrased</h1>
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<hw>Met"a*phrased</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Translated literally.</def>

<h1>Metaphrasis</h1>
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<hw>Me*taph"ra*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Metaphrase</er>.]</ety> <def>Metaphrase.</def>

<h1>Metaphrast</h1>
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<hw>Met"a*phrast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>m\'82taphraste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A literal translator.</def>

<h1>Metaphrastic, Metaphrastical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Met`a*phras"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Met`a*phras"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Close, or literal.</def>

<h1>Metaphysic</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*phys"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82taphysique</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Metaphysics</er>.</def>

<h1>Metaphysic</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*phys"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Metaphysical.</def>

<h1>Metaphysical</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*phys"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82taphysique</ets>. See <er>Metaphysics</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to metaphysics.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>According to rules or principles of metaphysics; <as>as, <ex>metaphysical</ex> reasoning</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Preternatural or supernatural.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The golden round
*Which fate and metaphysical aid doth seem
To have thee crowned withal.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Metaphysically</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*phys"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of metaphysical science, or of a metaphysician.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Metaphysician</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*phy*si"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82taphysicien</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who is versed in metaphysics.</def>

<h1>Metaphysics</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*phys"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ <?/ <?/ after those things which relate to external nature, after physics, fr. <?/ beyond, after + <?/ relating to external nature, natural, physical, fr. <?/ nature: cf. F. <ets>m\'82taphysique</ets>. See <er>Physics</er>. The term was first used by the followers of Aristotle as a name for that part of his writings which came <ets>after</ets>, or followed, the part which treated of <ets>physics</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science of real as distinguished from phenomenal being; ontology; also, the science of being, with reference to its abstract and universal conditions, as distinguished from the science of determined or concrete being; the science of the conceptions and relations which are necessarily implied as true of every kind of being; phylosophy in general; first principles, or the science of first principles.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Metaphysics</i> is distinguished as <i>general</i> and <i>special</i>. <stype>General metaphysics</stype> is the science of all being as being. <stype>Special metaphysics</stype> is the science of one kind of being; as, the <i>metaphysics</i> of chemistry, of morals, or of politics. According to Kant, a systematic exposition of those notions and truths, the knowledge of which is altogether independent of experience, would constitute the science of metaphysics.</note>

<blockquote>Commonly, in the schools, called <b>metaphysics</b>, as being part of the philosophy of Aristotle, which hath that for title; but it is in another sense: for there it signifieth as much as "books written or placed after his natural philosophy." But the schools take them for "books of supernatural philosophy;" for the word <b>metaphysic</b> will bear both these senses.
<i>Hobbes.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now the science conversant about all such inferences of unknown being from its known manifestations, is called ontology, or <b>metaphysics</b> proper.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Metaphysics</b> are [is] the science which determines what can and what can not be known of being, and the laws of being, a priori.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: The scientific knowledge of mental phenomena; mental philosophy; psychology.</def>

<blockquote><b>Metaphysics</b>, in whatever latitude the term be taken, is a science or complement of sciences exclusively occupied with mind.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whether, after all,
A larger <b>metaphysics</b> might not help
Our physics.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Metaphysis</h1>
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<hw>Me*taph"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ after + <?/ nature.]</ety> <def>Change of form; transformation.</def>

<h1>Metaplasm</h1>
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<hw>Met"a*plasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>metaplasmus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ beyond, over + <?/ to mold: cf. F. <ets>m\'82taplasme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A change in the letters or syllables of a word.</def>

<h1>Metaplast</h1>
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<hw>Met"a*plast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Metaplasm</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word having more than one form of the root.</def>

<h1>Metapode</h1>
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<hw>Met"a*pode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>metapodium</ets>, from Gr. <?/ behind + <?/, dim. of <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The posterior division of the foot in the Gastropoda and Pteropoda.</def>

<h1>Metapodial</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*po"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the metapodialia, or to the parts of the limbs to which they belong.</def>

<h1>Metapodiale</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*po`di*a"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Metapodialia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Metapode</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the bones of either the metacarpus or metatarsus.</def>

<h1>Metapodium</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*po"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Metapodia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Metapode</er>.</def>

<h1>Metapophysis</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*poph"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Metapophyses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Meta-</er>, and <er>Apophysis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A tubercle projecting from the anterior articular processes of some vertebr&ae;; a mammillary process.</def>

<h1>Metapterygium</h1>
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<hw>Me*tap`te*ryg"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ after + <?/ fin.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The posterior of the three principal basal cartilages in the fins of fishes.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Me*tap`ter*yg"i*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Metasilicate</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*sil"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of metasilicic acid.</def>

<h1>Metasilicic</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*si*lic"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>meta-</ets> + <ets>silicic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Designating an acid derived from silicic acid by the removal of water; of or pertaining to such an acid.</def>

<note>&hand; The salts of metasilicic acid are often called <i>bisilicates</i>, in mineralogy, as Wollastonite (<chform>CaSiO3</chform>).</note>

<cs><col>Metasilicic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a gelatinous substance, or white amorphous powder, analogous to carbonic acid, and forming many stable salts.</cd></cs>

<h1>Metasomatism</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*so"ma*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>meta-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, body.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An alteration in a mineral or rock mass when involving a chemical change of the substance, as of chrysolite to serpentine; -- opposed to ordinary <i>metamorphism</i>, as implying simply a recrystallization.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Met`a*so*mat"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Metasome</h1>
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<hw>Met"a*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>meta-</ets> + <ets>-some</ets> body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the component segments of the body of an animal.</def>

<h1>Metastannate</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*stan"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of metastannic acid.</def>

<h1>Metastannic</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*stan"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a compound of tin (metastannic acid), obtained, as an isomeric modification of stannic acid, in the form of a white amorphous substance.</def>

<h1>Metastasis</h1>
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<hw>Me*tas"ta*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Metastases</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., transition, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to place in another way; <?/ after + <?/ to place.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>A spiritual change, as during baptism.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A change in the location of a disease, as from one part to another.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act or process by which matter is taken up by cells or tissues and is transformed into other matter; in plants, the act or process by which are produced all of those chemical changes in the constituents of the plant which are not accompanied by a production of organic matter; metabolism.</def>

<h1>Metastatic</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or caused by, metastasis; <as>as, a <ex>metastatic</ex> abscess; the <ex>metastatic</ex> processes of growth.</as></def>

<h1>Metasternal</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*ster"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the metasternum.</def>

<h1>Metasternum</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*ster"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>meta-</ets> + <ets>sternum</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The most posterior element of the sternum; the ensiform process; xiphisternum.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ventral plate of the third or last segment of the thorax of insects.</def>

<h1>Metastoma, Metastome</h1>
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<hw><hw>Me*tas"to*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Met"a*stome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>metastoma</ets>, from Gr. <grk>meta`</grk> behind + <grk>sto`ma</grk> mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A median elevation behind the mouth in the arthropods.</def>

<h1>Metatarsal</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*tar"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the metatarsus.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A metatarsal bone.</def></def2>

<h1>Metatarse</h1>
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<hw>Met"a*tarse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Metatarsus.</def>

<h1>Metatarsus</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*tar"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Metatarsi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Meta-</er>, and <er>Tarsus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>That part of the skeleton of the hind or lower limb between the tarsus and phalanges; metatarse. It consists, in the human foot, of five bones. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Metathesis</h1>
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<hw>Me*tath"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Metatheses</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <grk>meta`thesis</grk>, fr. <grk>metatithe`nai</grk> to place differently, to transpose; <grk>meta`</grk> beyond, over + <grk>tithe`nai</grk> to place, set. See <er>Thesis</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Transposition, as of the letters or syllables of a word; <as>as, <ex>pistris</ex> for <ex>pristis</ex>; <ex>meagre for <ex>meager</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A mere change in place of a morbid substance, without removal from the body.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act, process, or result of exchange, substitution, or replacement of atoms and radicals; thus, by <i>metathesis</i> an acid gives up all or part of its hydrogen, takes on an equivalent amount of a metal or base, and forms a salt.</def>

<h1>Metathetic, Metathetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Met`a*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Met`a*thet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to metathesis.</def>

<h1>Metathoracic</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*tho*rac"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the metathorax.</def>

<h1>Metathorax</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*tho"rax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.: cf. F. <ets>m\'82tathorax</ets>. See <er>Meta-</er>, and <er>Thorax</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The last or posterior segment of the thorax in insects. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Coleoptera</er>.</def>

<h1>Metatitanic</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*ti*tan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>meta-</ets> + <ets>titanic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid of titanium analogous to metasilicic acid.</def>

<h1>Metatungstate</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*tung"state</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of metatungstic acid.</def>

<h1>Metatungstic</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*tung"stic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>meta-</ets> + <ets>tungstic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid known only in its salts (the <i>metatungstates</i>) and properly called <i>polytungstic</i>, or <i>pyrotungstic</i>, acid.</def>

<h1>Metavanadate</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*van"a*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of metavanadic acid.</def>

<h1>Metavanadic</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*va*nad"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>meta-</ets> + <ets>vanadic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, a vanadic acid analogous to metaphosphoric acid.</def>

<h1>Metaxylene</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*xy"lene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>meta-</ets> + <ets>xylene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>That variety of xylene, or dimethyl benzene, in which the two methyl groups occupy the meta position with reference to each other. It is a colorless inf<?/ammable liquid.</def>

<h1>M\'82tayage</h1>
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<hw>M\'82`ta`yage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>M\'82tayer</er>.]</ety> <def>A system of farming on halves.</def> <mark>[France & Italy]</mark>

<h1>M\'82tayer</h1>
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<hw>M\'82`ta`yer"</hw> <tt>(F. ?; E. ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>medietarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>medius</ets> middle, half. See <er>Mid</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>One who cultivates land for a share (usually one half) of its yield, receiving stock, tools, and seed from the landlord.</def> <mark>[France & Italy]</mark>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Metazoa</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*zo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ after + <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Those animals in which the protoplasmic mass, constituting the egg, is converted into a multitude of cells, which are metamorphosed into the tissues of the body. A central cavity is commonly developed, and the cells around it are at first arranged in two layers, -- the <i>ectoderm</i> and <i>endoderm</i>. The group comprises nearly all animals except the Protozoa.</def>

<h1>Metazoan</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*zo"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Metazoans</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Metazoa.</def>

<h1>Metazoic</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Metazoa.</def>

<h1>Metazo\'94n</h1>
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<hw>Met`a*zo"\'94n</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Metazoa.</def>

<h1>Mete</h1>
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<hw>Mete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Meat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mete</h1>
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<hw>Mete</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To meet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mete</h1>
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<hw>Mete</hw>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Mette</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Met</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>m<?/tan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To dream; also impersonally; <as>as, <ex>me mette</def></ex>, I dreamed</as>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "I <i>mette</i> of him all night."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mete</h1>
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<hw>Mete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Meted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Meting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>metan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>meten</ets>, G. <ets>messen</ets>, OHG. <ets>mezzan</ets>, Icel. <ets>meta</ets>, Sw. <ets>m\'84ta</ets>, Goth. <ets>mitan</ets>, L. <ets>modus</ets> measure, moderation, <ets>modius</ets> a corn measure, Gr. <?/ to rule, <?/ a corn measure, and ultimately from the same root as E. <ets>measure</ets>, L. <ets>metiri</ets> to measure; cf. Skr. <ets>m\'be</ets> to measure. &root;99. Cf. <er>Measure</er>, <er>Meet</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Mode</er>.]</ety> <def>To find the quantity, dimensions, or capacity of, by any rule or standard; to measure.</def>

<h1>Mete</h1>
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<hw>Mete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To measure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mark iv. 24.</i>

<h1>Mete</h1>
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<hw>Mete</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>met</ets>. See <er>Mete</er> to measure.]</ety> <def>Measure; limit; boundary; -- used chiefly in the plural, and in the phrase <i>metes and bounds</i>.</def>

<h1>Metecorn</h1>
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<hw>Mete"corn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A quantity of corn formerly given by the lord to his customary tenants, as an encouragement to, or reward for, labor and faithful service.</def>

<h1>Metely</h1>
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<hw>Mete"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>According to measure or proportion; proportionable; proportionate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Metempiric, Metempirical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Met`em*pir"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Met`em*pir"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>met-</ets> + <ets>empiric</ets>, <ets>-ical</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Related, or belonging, to the objects of knowledge within the province of metempirics.</def>

<blockquote>If then the empirical designates the province we include within the range of science, the province we exclude may be fitly styled the <b>metempirical</b>.
<i>G. H. Lewes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Metempiricism</h1>
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<hw>Met*em*pir"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science that is concerned with metempirics.</def>

<h1>Metempirics</h1>
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<hw>Met`em*pir"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The concepts and relations which are conceived as beyond, and yet as related to, the knowledge gained by experience.</def>

<h1>Metempsychose</h1>
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<hw>Me*temp"sy*chose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Metempsychosed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Metempsychosing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Metempsychosis</er>.]</ety> <def>To translate or transfer, as the soul, from one body to another.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Peacham.</i>

<h1>Metempsychosis</h1>
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<hw>Me*temp`sy*cho"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ beyond, over + <?/ to animate; <?/ in + <?/ soul. See <er>Psychology</er>.]</ety> <def>The passage of the soul, as an immortal essence, at the death of the animal body it had inhabited, into another living body, whether of a brute or a human being; transmigration of souls.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Metemptosis</h1>
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<hw>Met`emp*to"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ beyond, after + <?/ a falling upon, fr. <?/ to fall in or upon; <?/ in + <?/ to fall.]</ety> <fld>(Chron.)</fld> <def>The suppression of a day in the calendar to prevent the date of the new moon being set a day too late, or the suppression of the bissextile day once in 134 years. The opposite to this is the <i>proemptosis</i>, or the addition of a day every 330 years, and another every 2,400 years.</def>

<h1>Metencephalon</h1>
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<hw>Met`en*ceph"a*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Met-</ets> + <ets>encephalon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The posterior part of the brain, including the medulla; the afterbrain. Sometimes abbreviated to <i>meten</i>.</def>

<h1>Metensomatosis</h1>
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<hw>Met`en*so`ma*to"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a change of body (by the soul), fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The assimilation by one body or organism of the elements of another.</def>

<h1>Meteor</h1>
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<hw>Me"te*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82t\'82ore</ets>, Gr. <?/, pl. <?/ things in the air, fr. <?/ high in air, raised off the ground; <?/ beyond + <?/, <?/, a suspension or hovering in the air, fr. <?/ to lift, raise up.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any phenomenon or appearance in the atmosphere, as clouds, rain, hail, snow, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Hail, an ordinary <b>meteor</b>.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specif.: A transient luminous body or appearance seen in the atmosphere, or in a more elevated region.</def>

<blockquote>The vaulty top of heaven
Figured quite o'er with burning <b>meteors</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The term is especially applied to fireballs, and the masses of stone or other substances which sometimes fall to the earth; also to shooting stars and to ignes fatui. Meteors are often classed as: <i>aerial meteors</i>, winds, tornadoes, etc.; <i>aqueous meteors</i>, rain, hail, snow, dew, etc.; <i>luminous meteors</i>, rainbows, halos, etc.; and <i>igneous meteors</i>, lightning, shooting stars, and the like.</note>

<h1>Meteoric</h1>
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<hw>Me`te*or"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82t\'82orique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a meteor, or to meteors; atmospheric, <as>as, <ex>meteoric</ex> phenomena; <ex>meteoric</ex> stones.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Influenced by the weather; <as>as, <ex>meteoric</ex> conditions</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Flashing; brilliant; transient; like a meteor; <as>as, <ex>meteoric</ex> fame</as>.</def> "<i>Meteoric</i> politician."

<i>Craik.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Meteoric iron</col>, <col>Meteoric stone</col></mcol>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Meteorite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Meteoric paper</col>, <cd>a substance of confervoid origin found floating in the air, and resembling bits of coarse paper; -- so called because formerly supposed to fall from meteors.</cd> -- <col>Meteoric showers</col>, <cd>periodical exhibitions of shooting stars, occuring about the 9th or 10th of August and 13th of November, more rarely in April and December, and also at some other periods.</cd></cs>

<h1>Meteorical</h1>
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<hw>Me`te*or"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Meteoric.</def>

<h1>Meteorism</h1>
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<hw>Me"te*or*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Flatulent distention of the abdomen; tympanites.</def>

<h1>Meteorite</h1>
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<hw>Me"te*or*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82t\'82orite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mass of stone or iron which has fallen to the earth from space; an a\'89rolite.</def>

<note>&hand; Meteorites usually show a pitted surface with a fused crust, caused by the heat developed in their rapid passage through the earth's atmosphere. A meteorite may consist: <bold>1</bold>. Of metallic iron, alloyed with a small percentage of nickel (<i>meteoric iron</i>, <i>holosiderite</i>). When etched this usually exhibits peculiar crystalline figures, called <i>Widmanst\'84tten figures</i>. <bold>2</bold>. Of a cellular mass of iron with imbedded silicates (<i>mesosiderite</i> or <i>siderolite</i>). <bold>3</bold>. Of a stony mass of silicates with little iron (<i>meteoric stone</i>, <i>sporadosiderite</i>). <bold>4</bold>. Of a mass without iron (<i>asiderite</i>).</note>
<-- Comm: carbonaceous? Add mark for composition? -->

<h1>Meteorize</h1>
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<hw>Me"te*or*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to raise to a height.]</ety> <def>To ascend in vapors; to take the form of a meteor.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Meteorograph</h1>
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<hw>Me`te*or"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meteor</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument which registers meteorologic phases or conditions.</def>

<h1>Meteorographic</h1>
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<hw>Me`te*or`o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to meteorography.</def>

<h1>Meteorography</h1>
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<hw>Me`te*or*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meteor</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The registration of meteorological phenomena.</def>

<hr>
<page="919">
Page 919<p>

<h1>Meteoroid</h1>
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<hw>Me"te*or*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meteor</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A small body moving through space, or revolving about the sun, which on entering the earth's atmosphere would be deflagrated and appear as a meteor.</def>

<blockquote>These bodies [small, solid bodies] before they come into the air, I call <b>meteoroids</b>.
<i>H. A. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Meteoroidal</h1>
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<hw>Me`te*or*oid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a meteoroid or to meteoroids.</def>

<h1>Meteorolite</h1>
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<hw>Me`te*or"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meteor</ets> + <ets>-lite</ets> : cf. F. <ets>m\'82t\'82orolithe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A meteoric stone; an a\'89rolite; a meteorite.</def>

<h1>Meteoroligic, Meteorological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Me`te*or`o*lig"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Me`te*or`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>m\'82t\'82orologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the atmosphere and its phenomena, or to meteorology.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Meteorological table</col>, <col>Meteorological register</col></mcol>, <cd>a table or register exhibiting the state of the air and its temperature, weight, dryness, moisture, motion, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Meteorologist</h1>
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<hw>Me`te*or*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82t\'82orologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person skilled in meteorology.</def>

<h1>Meteorology</h1>
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<hw>Me`te*or*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ discourse: cf. F. <ets>m\'82t\'82orologie</ets>. See <er>Meteor</er>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the atmosphere and its phenomena, particularly of its variations of heat and moisture, of its winds, storms, etc.</def>

<h1>Meteoromancy</h1>
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<hw>Me`te*or"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meteor</ets> + <ets>-mancy</ets> : cf. F. <ets>m\'82t\'82oromancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A species of divination by meteors, chiefly by thunder and lightning, which was held in high estimation by the Romans.</def>

<h1>Meteorometer</h1>
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<hw>Me`te*or*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meteor</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An apparatus which transmits automatically to a central station atmospheric changes as marked by the anemometer, barometer, thermometer, etc.</def>

<h1>Meteoroscope</h1>
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<hw>Me`te*or"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ observing the heavenly bodies; <?/ + <?/ to view: cf. F. <ets>m\'82t\'82oroscope</ets>. See <er>Meteor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An astrolabe; a planisphere.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An instrument for measuring the position, length, and direction, of the apparent path of a shooting star.</def>

<h1>Meteorous</h1>
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<hw>Me*te"o*rous</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Meteor</er>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature or appearance of a meteor.</def>

<h1>-meter</h1>
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<hw>-me"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>metrum</ets> measure, or the allied Gr. <?/. See <er>Meter</er> rhythm.]</ety> <def>A suffix denoting <i>that by which anything is measured</i>; <as>as, baro<ex>meter</ex>, chrono<ex>meter</ex>, dynamo<ex>meter</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Meter</h1>
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<hw>Me"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Mete</er> to measure.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, metes or measures. See <er>Coal-meter</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument for measuring, and usually for recording automatically, the quantity measured.</def>

<cs><col>Dry meter</col>, <cd>a gas meter having measuring chambers, with flexible walls, which expand and contract like bellows and measure the gas by filling and emptying.</cd> -- <col>W<?/t meter</col>, <cd>a gas meter in which the revolution of a chambered drum in water measures the gas passing through it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Meter</h1>
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<hw>Me"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A line above or below a hanging net, to which the net is attached in order to strengthen it.</def>

<h1>Meter, Metre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Me"ter</hw>, <hw>Me"tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>metre</ets>, F. <ets>m\'8atre</ets>, L. <ets>metrum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; akin to Skr. <ets>m\'be</ets> to measure. See <er>Mete</er> to measure.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rhythmical arrangement of syllables or words into verses, stanzas, strophes, etc.; poetical measure, depending on number, quantity, and accent of syllables; rhythm; measure; verse; also, any specific rhythmical arrangements; <as>as, the Horatian <ex>meters</ex>; a dactylic <ex>meter</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The only strict antithesis to prose is <b>meter</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A poem.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A measure of length, equal to 39.37 English inches, the standard of linear measure in the metric system of weights and measures. It was intended to be, and is very nearly, the ten millionth part of the distance from the equator to the north pole, as ascertained by actual measurement of an arc of a meridian. See <cref>Metric system</cref>, under <er>Metric</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Common meter</col> <fld>(Hymnol.)</fld>, <cd>four iambic verses, or lines, making a stanza, the first and third having each four feet, and the second and fourth each three feet; -- usually indicated by the initials C.M.</cd> -- <col>Long meter</col> <fld>(Hymnol.)</fld>, <cd>iambic verses or lines of four feet each, four verses usually making a stanza; -- commonly indicated by the initials L.M.</cd> -- <col>Short meter</col> <fld>(Hymnol.)</fld>, <cd>iambic verses or lines, the first, second, and fourth having each three feet, and the third four feet. The stanza usually consists of four lines, but is sometimes doubled. <i>Short meter<i> is indicated by the initials S.M.</cd></cs>

<h1>Meterage</h1>
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<hw>Me"ter*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Meter</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of measuring, or the cost of measuring.</def>

<h1>Metergram</h1>
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<hw>Me"ter*gram`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A measure of energy or work done; the power exerted in raising one gram through the distance of one meter against gravitation.</def>

<h1>Metewand</h1>
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<hw>Mete"wand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> </def><ety>[<ets>Mete</ets> to measure + <ets>wand</ets>.]</ety> <def>A measuring rod.</def>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<h1>Meteyard</h1>
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<hw>Mete"yard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>metgeard</ets>. See <er>Mete</er> to measure, and <er>Yard</er> stick.]</ety> <def>A yard, staff, or rod, used as a measure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Meth</h1>
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<hw>Meth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Meathe</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Meth\'91moglobin</h1>
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<hw>Met`h\'91m*o*glo"bin</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>met-</ets> + <ets>h<?/moglobin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A stable crystalline compound obtained by the decomposition of hemoglobin. It is found in old blood stains.</def>

<h1>Methal</h1>
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<hw>Meth"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>M</ets>yristic + <ets>eth</ets>er + <ets>al</ets>cohol.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white waxy substance, found in small quantities in spermaceti as an ethereal salt of several fatty acids, and regarded as an alcohol of the methane series.</def>

<h1>Methane</h1>
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<hw>Meth"ane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Methal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A light, colorless, gaseous, inflammable hydrocarbon, <chform>CH4</chform>; marsh gas. See <cref>Marsh gas</cref>, under <er>Gas</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Methane series</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a series of saturated hydrocarbons, of which methane is the first member and type, and (because of their general chemical inertness and indifference) called also the <altname>paraffin (little affinity) series</altname>. The lightest members are gases, as methane, ethane; intermediate members are liquids, as hexane, heptane, etc. (found in benzine, kerosene, etc.); while the highest members are white, waxy, or fatty solids, as paraffin proper.</cd></cs>

<h1>Metheglin</h1>
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<hw>Me*theg"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>meddyglyn</ets>; <ets>medd</ets> mead + <ets>llyn</ets> liquor, juice. See <er>Mead</er> a drink.]</ety> <def>A fermented beverage made of honey and water; mead.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Methene</h1>
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<hw>Meth"ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meth</ets>yl + ethyl<ets>ene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Methylene</er>.</def>

<h1>Methenyl</h1>
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<hw>Meth"e*nyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Methene</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The hypothetical hydrocarbon radical <chform>CH</chform>, regarded as an essential residue of certain organic compounds.</def>

<h1>Methide</h1>
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<hw>Meth"ide</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Methyl</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A binary compound of methyl with some element; <as>as, aluminium <ex>methide</ex>, <chform>Al2(CH3)6</chform></as>.</def>

<h1>Methinks</h1>
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<hw>Me*thinks"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. impers.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Methought</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>&thorn;yncan</ets> to seem, <ets>m&emac; &thorn;ynce&edh;</ets>, <ets>m&emac; &thorn;&umac;hte</ets>, OE. <ets>me thinketh</ets>, <ets>me thoughte</ets>; akin to G. <ets>d\'81nken</ets> to seem, <ets>denken</ets> to think, and E. <ets>think</ets>. See <er>Me</er>, and <er>Think</er>.]</ety> <def>It seems to me; I think. See <er>Me</er>.</def> <mark>[R., except in poetry.]</mark>

<blockquote>In all ages poets have been had in special reputation, and, <b>methinks</b>, not without great cause.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Methionate</h1>
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<hw>Me*thi"on*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of methionic acid.</def>

<h1>Methionic</h1>
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<hw>Meth`i*on"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Me</ets>thyl + <ets>thionic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphonic (<it>thionic</it>) acid derivative of methane, obtained as a stable white crystalline substance, <chform>CH2.(SO3H)2</chform>, which forms well defined salts.</def>

<h1>Method</h1>
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<hw>Meth"od</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82thode</ets>, L. <ets>methodus</ets>, fr. Gr. <grk>meqodos</grk> method, investigation following after; <grk>meta`</grk> after + <grk>"odo`s</grk> way.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An orderly procedure or process; regular manner of doing anything; hence, manner; way; mode; <as>as, a <ex>method</ex> of teaching languages; a <ex>method</ex> of improving the mind.</as></def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Orderly arrangement, elucidation, development, or classification; clear and lucid exhibition; systematic arrangement peculiar to an individual.</def>

<blockquote>Though this be madness, yet there's <b>method</b> in it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All <b>method</b> is a rational progress, a progress toward an end.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Classification; a mode or system of classifying natural objects according to certain common characteristics; <as>as, the <ex>method</ex> of Theophrastus; the <ex>method</ex> of Ray; the Linn\'91an <ex>method</ex>.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Order; system; rule; regularity; way; manner; mode; course; process; means.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Method</er>, <er>Mode</er>, <er>Manner</er>. <i>Method</i> implies arrangement; <i>mode</i>, mere action or existence. <i>Method</i> is a way of reaching a given end by a <i>series</i> of acts which tend to sec<?/re it; <i>mode</i> relates to a single action, or to the form which a series of acts, viewed as a whole, exhibits. <i>Manner</i> is literally the <i>handling</i> of a thing, and has a wider sense, embracing both <i>method</i> and <i>mode</i>. An instructor may adopt a good <i>method</i> of teaching to write; the scholar may acquire a bad <i>mode</i> of holding his pen; the <i>manner</i> in which he is corrected will greatly affect his success or failure.</usage>

<h1>Methodic, Methodical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Me*thod"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Me*thod"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>methodicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>m\'82thodique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Arranged with regard to method; disposed in a suitable manner, or in a manner to illustrate a subject, or to facilitate practical observation; <as>as, the <ex>methodical</ex> arrangement of arguments; a <ex>methodical</ex> treatise.</as></def> "<i>Methodical</i> regularity."

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Proceeding with regard to method; systematic.</def> "Aristotle, strict, <i>methodic</i>, and orderly."

<i>Harris.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the ancient school of physicians called methodists.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Me*thod"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Me*thod"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Methodios</h1>
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<hw>Me*thod"ios</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art and principles of method.</def>

<h1>Methodism</h1>
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<hw>Meth"o*dism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The system of doctrines, polity, and worship, of the sect called Methodists.</def>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Methodist</h1>
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<hw>Meth"o*dist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82thodiste</ets>. See <er>Method</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who observes method.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of an ancient school of physicians who rejected observation and founded their practice on reasoning and theory.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of Christians, the outgrowth of a small association called the "Holy Club," formed at Oxford University, <sc>A.D.</sc> 1729, of which the most conspicuous members were John Wesley and his brother Charles; -- originally so called from the methodical strictness of members of the club in all religious duties.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A person of strict piety; one who lives in the exact observance of religious duties; -- sometimes so called in contempt or ridicule.</def>

<h1>Methodist</h1>
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<hw>Meth"o*dist</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the sect of Methodists; <as>as, <ex>Methodist</ex> hymns; a <ex>Methodist</ex> elder.</as></def>

<h1>Methodistic, Methodistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Meth`o*dis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Meth`o*dis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to methodists, or to the Methodists.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Meth`o*dis"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Methodization</h1>
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<hw>Meth`od*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of methodizing, or the state of being methodized.</def>

<h1>Methodize</h1>
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<hw>Meth"od*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Methodized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Methodizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To reduce to method; to dispose in due order; to arrange in a convenient manner; <as>as, to <ex>methodize</ex> one's work or thoughts</as>.</def>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<h1>Methodizer</h1>
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<hw>Meth"od*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who methodizes.</def>

<h1>Methodological</h1>
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<hw>Meth`od*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to methodology.</def>

<h1>Methodology</h1>
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<hw>Meth`od*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ method + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of method or arrangement; a treatise on method.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Methol</h1>
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<hw>Meth"ol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wine + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The technical name of methyl alcohol or wood spirit; also, by extension, the class name of any of the series of alcohols of the methane series of which <i>methol</i> proper is the type. See <cref>Methyl alcohol</cref>, under <er>Methyl</er>.</def>

<h1>Methought</h1>
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<hw>Me*thought"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Methinks</er>.</def>

<h1>Methoxyl</h1>
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<hw>Meth*ox"yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Meth</ets>yl + hydr<ets>oxyl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hypothetical radical, <chform>CH3O</chform>, analogous to hydroxyl.</def>

<h1>Methyl</h1>
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<hw>Meth"yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Methylene</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon radical, <chform>CH3</chform>, not existing alone but regarded as an essential residue of methane, and appearing as a component part of many derivatives; <as>as, <ex>methyl</ex> alcohol, <ex>methyl</ex> ether, <ex>methyl</ex> amine, etc.</as></def> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>methule</asp>, <asp>methyle</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Methyl alcohol</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a light, volatile, inflammable liquid, <chform>CH3.OH</chform>, obtained by the distillation of wood, and hence called <altname>wood spirit</altname><-- wood alcohol -->; -- called also <altname>methol</altname>, <altname>carbinol</altname>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Methyl amine</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a colorless, inflammable, alkaline gas, <chform>CH3.NH2</chform>, having an ammoniacal, fishy odor. It is produced artificially, and also occurs naturally in herring brine and other fishy products. It is regarded as ammonia in which a third of its hydrogen is replaced by methyl, and is a type of the class of <i>substituted ammonias<i>.</cd> -- <col>Methyl ether</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a light, volatile ether <chform>CH3.O.CH3</chform>, obtained by the etherification of methyl alcohol; -- called also <altname>methyl oxide</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Methyl green</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Green</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Methyl orange</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Helianthin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Methyl violet</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an artificial dye, consisting of certain methyl halogen derivatives of rosaniline.</cd></cs>

<h1>Methylal</h1>
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<hw>Meth"yl*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Methyl</ets>ene + <ets>al</ets>cohol.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A light, volatile liquid, <chform>H2C(OCH3)2</chform>, regarded as a complex ether, and having a pleasant ethereal odor. It is obtained by the partial oxidation of methyl alcohol. Called also <altname>formal</altname>.</def>

<h1>Methylamine</h1>
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<hw>Meth`yl*am"ine</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Methyl amine</cref>, under <er>Methyl</er>.</def>

<h1>Methylate</h1>
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<hw>Meth"yl*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Methyl</ets> + alcohol<ets>ate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alcoholate of methyl alcohol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a metal, after the analogy of a hydrate; <as>as, sodium <ex>methylate</ex>, <chform>CH3ONa</chform></as>.</def>

<h1>Methylate</h1>
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<hw>Meth"yl*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To impregnate or mix with methyl or methyl alcohol.</def>

<h1>Methylated</h1>
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<hw>Meth"yl*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Impregnated with, or containing, methyl alcohol or wood spirit; <as>as, <ex>methylated</ex> spirits</as>.</def>

<h1>Methylene</h1>
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<hw>Meth"yl*ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82thyl\'8ane</ets>, from Gr. <?/ wine + <?/ wood; -- a word coined to correspond to the name <ets>wood spirit</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon radical, <chform>CH2</chform>, not known in the free state, but regarded as an essential residue and component of certain derivatives of methane; <as>as, <ex>methylene</ex> bromide, <chform>CH2Br2</chform></as>; -- formerly called also <altname>methene</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Methylene blue</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an artificial dyestuff consisting of a complex sulphur derivative of diphenyl amine; -- called also <altname>pure blue</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Methylic</h1>
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<hw>Me*thyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, methyl; specifically, designating methyl alcohol. See under <er>Methyl</er>.</def>

<h1>Methysticin</h1>
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<hw>Me*thys"ti*cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white, silky, crystalline substance extracted from the thick rootstock of a species of pepper (<spn>Piper methysticum</spn>) of the South Sea Islands; -- called also <altname>kanakin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Metic</h1>
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<hw>Met"ic</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, prop., changing one's abode; <?/, indicating change + <?/ house, abode: cf. L. <ets>metoecus</ets>, F. <ets>m\'82t\'8aque</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A sojourner; an immigrant; an alien resident in a Grecian city, but not a citizen.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<blockquote>The whole force of Athens, <b>metics</b> as well as citizens, and all the strangers who were then in the city.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Meticulous</h1>
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<hw>Me*tic"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>meticulosus</ets>, fr. <ets>metus</ets> fear: cf. F. <ets>m\'82ticuleux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Timid; fearful.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Me*tic"u*lous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>M\'82tif, n. m. M\'82tive</h1>
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<hw><hw>M\'82`tif"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. m.</tt> <hw>M\'82`tive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. f.</tt><hw><ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>M\'82tis</er>.</def>

<h1>M\'82tis, n. m. M\'82tisse</h1>
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<hw><hw>M\'82`tis"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. m.</tt> <hw>M\'82`tisse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. f.</tt><hw><ety>[F.; akin to Sp. <ets>mestizo</ets>. See <er>Mestizo</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The offspring of a white person and an American Indian.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The offspring of a white person and a quadroon; an octoroon.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Metoche</h1>
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<hw>Met"o*che</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a sharing, fr. <?/ to share in; <?/ with + <?/ to have.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The space between two dentils.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The space between two triglyphs.</def>

<h1>Metonic</h1>
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<hw>Me*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82tonique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or discovered by, <i>Meton</i>, the Athenian.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Metonic</col> <col>cycle &or; year</col></mcol>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Cycle</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Metonymic, Metonymical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Met`o*nym"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Met`o*nym"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Metonymy</er>.]</ety> <def>Used by way of metonymy.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Met`o*nym"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Metonymy</h1>
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<hw>Me*ton"y*my</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>metonymia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/, indicating change + <?/ , for <?/ a name: cf. F. <ets>m\'82tonymie</ets>. See <er>Name</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A trope in which one word is put for another that suggests it; <as>as, we say, a man keeps a good <ex>table</ex> instead of good <ex>provisions</ex>; we read <ex>Virgil</ex>, that is, his <ex>poems</ex>; a man has a warm <ex>heart</ex>, that is, warm <ex>affections</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Metope</h1>
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<hw>Met"o*pe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ with, between + <?/ opening, hole, the hole in the frieze between the beam ends.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The space between two triglyphs of the Doric frieze, which, among the ancients, was often adorned with carved work. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Entablature</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The face of a crab.</def>

<note>&hand; In the Parthenon, groups of centaurs and heroes in high relief occupy the metopes.</note>

<h1>Metopic</h1>
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<hw>Me*top"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the forehead.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the forehead or frontal bones; frontal; <as>as, the <ex>metopic</ex> suture</as>.</def>

<h1>Metopomancy</h1>
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<hw>Met"o*po*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the forehead + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fortune telling by physiognomy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Urquhart.</i>

<h1>Metoposcopic, Metoposcopical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Met`o*po*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Met`o*po*scop"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to metoposcopy.</def>

<h1>Metoposcopist</h1>
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<hw>Met`o*pos"co*pist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in metoposcopy.</def>

<h1>Metoposcopy</h1>
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<hw>Met`o*pos"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ observing the forehead; <?/ the forehead + <?/ to view: cf. F. <ets>m\'82toposcopie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The study of physiognomy; the art of discovering the character of persons by their features, or the lines of the face.</def>

<h1>Metosteon</h1>
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<hw>Me*tos"te*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ after + <?/ bone.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The postero-lateral ossification in the sternum of birds; also, the part resulting from such ossification.</def>

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<h1>Metre</h1>
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<hw>Me"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Meter</er>.</def>

<h1>Metric</h1>
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<hw>Met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>metricus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>m\'82trique</ets>. See <er>Meter</er> rhythm.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to measurement; involving, or proceeding by, measurement.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the meter as a standard of measurement; of or pertaining to the decimal system of measurement of which a meter is the unit; <as>as, the <ex>metric</ex> system; a <ex>metric</ex> measurement.</as></def>

<cs><col>Metric analysis</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>analysis by volume; volumetric analysis.</cd> -- <col>Metric system</col>, <cd>a system of weights and measures originating in France, the use of which is required by law in many countries, and permitted in many others, including the United States and England. The principal unit is the <i>meter<i> (see <er>Meter</er>). From this are formed the <i>are<i>, the <i>liter<i>, the <i>stere<i>, the <i>gram<i>, etc. These units, and others derived from them, are divided decimally, and larger units are formed from multiples by 10, 100, 1,000, and 10,000. The successive multiplies are designated by the prefixes, <i>deca-<i>, <i>hecto-<i>, <i>kilo-<i>, and <i>myria-<i>; successive parts by <i>deci-<i>, <i>centi-<i>, and <i>milli-<i>. The prefixes <i>mega-<i> and <i>micro-<i> are sometimes used to denote a multiple by one million, and the millionth part, respectively. See the words formed with these prefixes in the Vocabulary. For <i>metric tables<i>, see p. 1682.</cd></cs>
<-- nano-, pico-, femto-, atto-; giga-, tera, etc. -->

<h1>Metrical</h1>
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<hw>Met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the meter; arranged in meter; consisting of verses; <as>as, <ex>metrical</ex> compositions</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to measurement; <as>as, the inch, foot, yard, etc.</as>, are <i>metrical</i> terms; esp., of or pertaining to the metric system.</def>

<h1>Metrically</h1>
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<hw>Met"ric*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a metrical manner.</def>

<h1>Metrician</h1>
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<hw>Me*tri"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82tricien</ets>. See <er>Meter</er> rhythm.]</ety> <def>A composer of verses.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Metric system</h1>
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<hw>Met"ric sys"tem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Metric</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Metrification</h1>
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<hw>Met`ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Composition in metrical form; versification.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Metrify</h1>
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<hw>Met"ri*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>metrum</ets> meter + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>m\'82trifier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make verse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Metrist</h1>
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<hw>Me"trist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A maker of verses.</def>

<i>Bale.</i>

<blockquote>Spenser was no mere <b>metrist</b>, but a great composer.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Metritis</h1>
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<hw>Me*tri"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ womb + <ets>-tis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the womb.</def>

<h1>Metrochrome</h1>
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<hw>Met"ro*chrome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ color.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring colors.</def>

<h1>Metrograph</h1>
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<hw>Met"ro*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ measure + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument attached to a locomotive for recording its speed and the number and duration of its stops.</def>

<h1>Metrological</h1>
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<hw>Met`ro*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82trologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to metrology.</def>

<h1>Metrology</h1>
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<hw>Me*trol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ measure + <ets>-m\'82trologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of, or a system of, weights and measures; also, a treatise on the subject.</def>

<h1>Metromania</h1>
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<hw>Met`ro*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ measure + E. <ets>mania</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mania for writing verses.</def>

<h1>Metromaniac</h1>
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<hw>Met`ro*ma"ni*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who has metromania.</def>

<h1>Metrometer</h1>
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<hw>Me*trom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ womb + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the size of the womb.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Metronome</h1>
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<hw>Met"ro*nome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ measure + <?/ distribute, assign: cf. F. <ets>m\'82tronome</ets>, It. <ets>metronomo</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument consisting of a short pendulum with a sliding weight. It is set in motion by clockwork, and serves to measure time in music.</def>

<h1>Metronomy</h1>
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<hw>Me*tron"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Metronome</er>.]</ety> <def>Measurement of time by an instrument.</def>

<h1>Metronymic</h1>
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<hw>Met`ro*nym"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ mother + <?/, for <?/ name.]</ety> <def>Derived from the name of one's mother, or other female ancestor; <as>as, a <ex>metronymic</ex> name or appellation</as>. -- A metronymic appellation.</def>

<h1>Metropole</h1>
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<hw>Met"ro*pole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82tropole</ets>. See <er>Metropolis</er>.]</ety> <def>A metropolis.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Metropolis</h1>
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<hw>Me*trop"o*lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>metropolis</ets>, Gr. <?/, prop., the mother city (in relation to colonies); <?/ mother + <?/ city. See <er>Mother</er>, and <er>Police</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The mother city; the chief city of a kingdom, state, or country.</def>

<blockquote>[Edinburgh] gray <b>metropolis</b> of the North.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The seat, or see, of the metropolitan, or highest church dignitary.</def>

<blockquote>The great <b>metropolis</b> and see of Rome.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Metropolitan</h1>
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<hw>Met`ro*pol"i*tan</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>metropolitanus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>m\'82tropolitain</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the capital or principal city of a country; <as>as, <ex>metropolitan</ex> luxury</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, a metropolitan or the presiding bishop of a country or province, his office, or his dignity; <as>as, <ex>metropolitan</ex> authority</as>.</def> "Bishops <i>metropolitan</i>."

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Metropolitan</h1>
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<hw>Met`ro*pol"i*tan</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>metropolitanus</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The superior or presiding bishop of a country or province.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Lat. Church.)</fld> <def>An archbishop.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gr. Church)</fld> <def>A bishop whose see is civil metropolis. His rank is intermediate between that of an archbishop and a patriarch.</def>

<i>Hook.</i>

<h1>Metropolitanate</h1>
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<hw>Met`ro*pol"i*tan*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The see of a metropolitan bishop.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Metropolite</h1>
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<hw>Me*trop"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>metropolita</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A metropolitan.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Metropolitical</h1>
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<hw>Met`ro*po*lit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a metropolis; being a metropolis; metropolitan; <as>as, the <ex>metropolitical</ex> chair</as>.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Metrorrhagia</h1>
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<hw>Met`ror*rha"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ womb + <?/ to break.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Profuse bleeding from the womb, esp. such as does not occur at the menstrual period.</def>

<h1>Metroscope</h1>
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<hw>Met"ro*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ womb + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>A modification of the stethoscope, for directly auscultating the uterus from the vagina.</def>

<h1>Metrosideros</h1>
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<hw>Met`ro*si*de"ros</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ heart of a tree + <?/ iron.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A myrtaceous genus of trees or shrubs, found in Australia and the South Sea Islands, and having very hard wood. <i>Metrosideros vera</i> is the true ironwood.</def>

<h1>Metrotome</h1>
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<hw>Met"ro*tome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Metrotomy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument for cutting or scarifying the uterus or the neck of the uterus.</def>

<h1>Metrotomy</h1>
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<hw>Me*trot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ womb + <?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>m\'82trotomie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of cutting into the uterus; hysterotomy; the C\'91sarean section.</def>

<h1>-metry</h1>
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<hw>-me*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>-meter</er>.]</ety> <def>A suffix denoting the <i>art</i>, <i>process</i>, or <i>science</i>, <i>of measuring</i>; <as>as, acid<ex>metry</ex>, chloro<ex>metry</ex>, chrono<ex>metry</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Mette</h1>
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<hw>Mette</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs. imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Mete</er>, to dream. Chaucer.</def>

<h1>Mettle</h1>
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<hw>Met"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[E. <ets>metal</ets>, used in a tropical sense in allusion to the temper of the metal of a sword blade. See <er>Metal</er>.]</ety> <def>Substance or quality of temperament; spirit, esp. as regards honor, courage, fortitude, ardor, etc.; disposition; -- usually in a good sense.</def>

<blockquote>A certain critical hour which shall... try what <b>mettle</b> his heart is made of.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Gentlemen of brave <b>mettle</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The winged courser, like a generous horse,
Shows most true <b>mettle</b> when you check his course.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To put one one's mettle</col>, <cd>to cause or incite one to use one's best efforts.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mettled</h1>
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<hw>Met"tled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having mettle; high-spirited; ardent; full of fire.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Mettlesome</h1>
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<hw>Met"tle*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of spirit; possessing constitutional ardor; fiery; <as>as, a <ex>mettlesome</ex> horse</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Met"tle*some*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Met"tle*some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Meute</h1>
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<hw>Meute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cage for hawks; a mew. See 4th <er>Mew</er>, 1.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Meve</h1>
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<hw>Meve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To move.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mew</h1>
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<hw>Mew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m<?/w</ets>, akin to D. <ets>meeuw</ets>, G. <ets>m\'94we</ets>, OHG. <ets>m<?/h</ets>, Icel. <ets>m\'ber</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A gull, esp. the common British species (<spn>Larus canus</spn>); called also <altname>sea mew</altname>, <altname>maa</altname>, <altname>mar</altname>, <altname>mow</altname>, and <altname>cobb</altname>.</def>

<h1>Mew</h1>
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<hw>Mew</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mewed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mewing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>muen</ets>, F. <ets>muer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mutare</ets> to change, fr. <ets>movere</ets> to move. See <er>Move</er>, and cf. <er>Mew</er> a cage, <er>Molt</er>.]</ety> <def>To shed or cast; to change; to molt; <as>as, the hawk <ex>mewed</ex> his feathers</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Nine times the moon had <b>mewed</b> her horns.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mew</h1>
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<hw>Mew</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To cast the feathers; to molt; hence, to change; to put on a new appearance.</def>

<blockquote>Now everything doth <b>mew</b>,
And shifts his rustic winter robe.
<i>Turbervile.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mew</h1>
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<hw>Mew</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mue</ets>, F. <ets>mue</ets> change of feathers, scales, skin, the time or place when the change occurs, fr. <ets>muer</ets> to molt, mew, L. <ets>mutare</ets> to change. See 2d <er>Mew</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A cage for hawks while mewing; a coop for fattening fowls; hence, any inclosure; a place of confinement or shelter; -- in the latter sense usually in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>Full many a fat partrich had he in <b>mewe</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Forthcoming from her darksome <b>mew</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Violets in their secret <b>mews</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stable or range of stables for horses; -- compound used in the plural, and so called from the royal stables in London, built on the site of the king's mews for hawks.</def>

<h1>Mew</h1>
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<hw>Mew</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Mew</er> a cage.]</ety> <def>To shut up; to inclose; to confine, as in a cage or other inclosure.</def>

<blockquote>More pity that the eagle should be <b>mewed</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Close <b>mewed</b> in their sedans, for fear of air.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mew</h1>
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<hw>Mew</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Of imitative origin; cf. G. <ets>miauen</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cry as a cat.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>meaw</asp>, <asp>meow</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mew</h1>
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<hw>Mew</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The common cry of a cat.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mewl</h1>
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<hw>Mewl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mewled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mewling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>miauler</ets> to mew, E. <ets>mew</ets> to cry as a cat. Cf. <er>Miaul</er>.]</ety> <def>To cry, as a young child; to squall.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>meawl</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mewler</h1>
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<hw>Mewl"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One that mewls.</def>

<h1>Mews</h1>
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<hw>Mews</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[Prop. pl. of <ets>mew</ets>. See <er>Mew</er> a cage.]</ety> <def>An alley where there are stables; a narrow passage; a confined place.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>Mr. Turveydrop's great room... was built out into a <b>mews</b> at the back.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<mhw><h1>Mexal, Mexical</h1>
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<hw>Mex*al"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mex"i*cal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <tt>mexcal.</tt>]</ety> <def>See <er>Mescal</er>.</def>

<h1>Mexican</h1>
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<hw>Mex"i*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Mexico or its people.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Mexico.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Mexican poppy</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tropical American herb of the Poppy family (<spn>Argemone Mexicana</spn>) with much the look of a thistle, but having large yellow or white blossoms.</cd> -- <col>Mexican tea</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an aromatic kind of pigweed from tropical America (<spn>Chenopodium ambrosioides</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Mexicanize</h1>
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<hw>Mex"i*can*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to be like the Mexicans, or their country, esp. in respect of frequent revolutions of government.</def>

<h1>Mexicanize</h1>
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<hw>Mex"i*can*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become like the Mexicans, or their country or government.</def>

<h1>Neyne</h1>
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<hw>Neyn"e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>Same as <er>Meine</er>.</def>

<h1>Mezcal</h1>
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<hw>Mez*cal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Mescal</er>.</def>

<h1>Mezereon</h1>
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<hw>Me*ze"re*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82z\'82r\'82on</ets>, Per. <ets>m\'bezriy&umac;n</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small European shrub (<spn>Daphne Mezereum</spn>), whose acrid bark is used in medicine.</def>

<h1>Mezquita</h1>
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<hw>Mez*qui"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A mosque.</def>

<h1>Mezuzoth</h1>
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<hw>Mez"u*zoth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>m&ecr;z&umac;z&omac;th</ets>, pl. of <ets>m&ecr;z&umac;z\'beh</ets> doorpost.]</ety> <def>A piece of parchment bearing the Decalogue and attached to the doorpost; -- in use among orthodox Hebrews.</def><-- now mezuzah or mezuzah, used for the scroll together with the case in which it is contained -->

<h1>Mezzanine</h1>
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<hw>Mez"za*nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mezzanine</ets>, It. <ets>mezzanino</ets>, fr. <ets>mezzano</ets> middle, fr. <ets>mezzo</ets> middle, half. See <er>Mezzo</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Entresol</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A partial story which is not on the same level with the story of the main part of the edifice, as of a back building, where the floors are on a level with landings of the staircase of the main house.</def>

<h1>Mezza voce</h1>
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<hw>Mez"za vo"ce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[It., fr. <ets>mezzo</ets>, fem. <ets>mezza</ets> middle, half + <ets>voce</ets> voice, L. <ets>vox</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>With a medium fullness of sound.</def>

<h1>Mezzo</h1>
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<hw>Mez"zo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It., from L. <ets>medius</ets> middle, half. See <er>Mid</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Mean; not extreme.</def>

<h1>Mezzo-relievo</h1>
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<hw>Mez"zo-re*lie"vo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mezzo-rilievo.</def>

<h1>Mezzo-rilievo</h1>
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<hw>Mez"zo-ri*lie"vo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A middle degree of relief in figures, between high and low relief.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Sculpture in this kind of relief. See under <er>Alto-rilievo</er>.</def>

<h1>Mezzo-soprano</h1>
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<hw>Mez"zo-so*pra"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Having a medium compass between the soprano and contralto; -- said of the voice of a female singer.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mezzo-soprano voice.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A person having such a voice.</def></def2>

<h1>Mezzotint</h1>
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<hw>Mez"zo*tint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mezzo-tinto</ets>.]</ety> <def>A manner of engraving on copper or steel by drawing upon a surface previously roughened, and then removing the roughness in places by scraping, burnishing, etc., so as to produce the requisite light and shade. Also, an engraving so produced.</def>

<h1>Mezzotint</h1>
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<hw>Mez"zo*tint</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To engrave in mezzotint.</def>

<h1>Mezzotinter</h1>
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<hw>Mez"zo*tint`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who engraves in mezzotint.</def>

<h1>Mezzotinto</h1>
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<hw>Mez`zo*tin"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>mezzo</ets> half + <ets>tinto</ets> tinted, p. p. of <ets>tingere</ets> to dye, color, tinge, L. <ets>tingere</ets>. See <er>Mezzo</er>.]</ety> <def>Mezzotint.</def>

<h1>Mezzotinto</h1>
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<hw>Mez`zo*tin"to</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mezzotintoed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mezzotintoing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To engrave in mezzotint; to represent by mezzotint.</def>

<h1>Mhorr</h1>
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<hw>Mhorr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mohr</er>.</def>

<h1>Mi</h1>
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<hw>Mi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A syllable applied to the third tone of the scale of C, <it>i. e.</it>, to E, in European solmization, but to the third tone of any scale in the American system.</def>

<h1>Miamis</h1>
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<hw>Mi*a"mis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Miami</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians that formerly occupied the country between the Wabash and Maumee rivers.</def>

<h1>Miargyrite</h1>
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<hw>Mi*ar"gy*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ less + <?/ silver. So called because it contains less silver than some kindred ore.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of an iron-black color, and very sectile, consisting principally of sulphur, antimony, and silver.</def>

<h1>Mias</h1>
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<hw>Mi"as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malayan.]</ety> <def>The orang-outang.</def>

<h1>Miascite</h1>
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<hw>Mi*asc"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from <ets>Miask</ets>, in the Ural Mountains.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A granitoid rock containing feldspar, biotite, el\'91olite, and sodalite.</def>

<h1>Miasm</h1>
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<hw>Mi"asm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>miasme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Miasma.</def>

<h1>Miasma</h1>
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<hw>Mi*as"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Miasmata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ defilement, fr. <?/ to pollute.]</ety> <def>Infectious particles or germs floating in the air; air made noxious by the presence of such particles or germs; noxious effluvia; malaria.</def>

<h1>Miasmal</h1>
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<hw>Mi*as"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing miasma; miasmatic.</def>

<h1>Miasmatic, Miasmatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mi`as*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mi`as*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>miasmatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing, or relating to, miasma; caused by miasma; <as>as, <ex>miasmatic</ex> diseases</as>.</def>

<h1>Miasmatist</h1>
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<hw>Mi*as"ma*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who has made a special study of miasma.</def>

<h1>Miasmology</h1>
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<hw>Mi`as*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Miasma</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That department of medical science which treats of miasma.</def>

<h1>Miaul</h1>
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<hw>Mi*aul"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Miauled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Miauling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>miauler</ets>, of imitative origin, and E. <ets>mew</ets>. Cf. <er>Mewl</er>.]</ety> <def>To cry as a cat; to mew; to caterwaul.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Miaul</h1>
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<hw>Mi*aul"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The crying of a cat.</def>

<h1>Mica</h1>
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<hw>Mi"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mica</ets> crumb, grain, particle; cf. F. <ets>mica</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The name of a group of minerals characterized by highly perfect cleavage, so that they readily separate into very thin leaves, more or less elastic. They differ widely in composition, and vary in color from pale brown or yellow to green or black. The transparent forms are used in lanterns, the doors of stoves, etc., being popularly called <altname>isinglass</altname>. Formerly called also <altname>cat-silver</altname>, and <altname>glimmer</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The important species of the <i>mica group</i> are: <stype>muscovite</stype>, common or potash mica, pale brown or green, often silvery, including <stype>damourite</stype> (also called <altname>hydromica</altname>); <stype>biotite</stype>, iron-magnesia mica, dark brown, green, or black; <stype>lepidomelane</stype>, iron, mica, black; <i>phlogopite</i>, magnesia mica, colorless, yellow, brown; <stype>lepidolite</stype>, lithia mica, rose-red, lilac.

    <i>Mica</i> (usually muscovite, also biotite) is an essential constituent of granite, gneiss, and mica slate; <i>biotite</i> is common in many eruptive rocks; <i>phlogopite</i> in crystalline limestone and serpentine.</note>

<cs><col>Mica diorite</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an eruptive rock allied to diorite but containing mica (biotite) instead of hornblende.</cd> -- <col>Mica powder</col>, <cd>a kind of dynamite containing fine scales of mica.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Mica schist</col>, <col>Mica slate</col></mcol> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a schistose rock, consisting of mica and quartz with, usually, some feldspar.</cd></cs>

<h1>Micaceo-calcareous</h1>
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<hw>Mi*ca`ce*o-cal*ca"re*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Partaking of the nature of, or consisting of, mica and lime; -- applied to a mica schist containing carbonate of lime.</def>

<h1>Micaceous</h1>
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<hw>Mi*ca"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>micac\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, mica; splitting into lamin\'91 or leaves like mica.</def>

<h1>Mice</h1>
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<hw>Mice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <def><tt>pl</tt> of <er>Mouse</er>.</def>

<h1>Micella</h1>
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<hw>Mi*cel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Micell\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>mica</ets> a morsel, grain.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A theoretical aggregation of molecules constituting a structural particle of protoplasm, capable of increase or diminution without change in chemical nature.</def>

<h1>Mich, Miche</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mich</hw>, <hw>Miche</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>michen</ets>; cf. OE. <ets>muchier</ets>, <ets>mucier</ets>, to conceal, F. <ets>musser</ets>, and OHG. <ets>m&umac;hhen</ets> to waylay. Cf. <er>Micher</er>, <er>Curmudgeon</er>, <er>Muset</er>.]</ety> <def>To lie hid; to skulk; to act, or carry one's self, sneakingly.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>meach</asp> and <asp>meech</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Michaelmas</h1>
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<hw>Mich"ael*mas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Michael</ets> + <ets>mass</ets> religious service; OE. <ets>Mighelmesse</ets>.]</ety> <def>The feat of the archangel Michael, a church festival, celebrated on the  29th of September. Hence, colloquially, autumn.</def>

<cs><col>Michaelmas daisy</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Daisy</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Micher</h1>
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<hw>Mich"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>michare</ets>, <ets>muchare</ets>. See <er>Mich</er>.]</ety> <def>One who skulks, or keeps out of sight; hence, a truant; an idler; a thief, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Michery</h1>
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<hw>Mich"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Theft; cheating.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Miching</h1>
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<hw>Mich"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hiding; skulking; cowardly.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>meaching</asp> and <asp>meeching</asp>.]</altsp>

<hr>
<page="921">
Page 921<p>

<h1>Mickle</h1>
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<hw>Mic"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mikel</ets>, <ets>muchel</ets>, <ets>mochel</ets>, <ets>mukel</ets>, AS. <ets>micel</ets>, <ets>mycel</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>mikil</ets>, OHG. <ets>mihil</ets>, <ets>mihhil</ets>, Icel. <ets>mikill</ets>, <ets>mykill</ets>, Goth. <ets>mikils</ets>, L. <ets>magnus</ets>, Gr. <?/, gen. <?/; cf. Skr. <ets>mahat</ets>. &root;103. Cf. <er>Much</er>, <er>Muckle</er>, <er>Magnitude</er>.]</ety> <def>Much; great.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>muckle</asp> and <asp>mockle</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Old Eng. & Scot.]</mark> "A man of <i>mickle</i> might."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Micmacs</h1>
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<hw>Mic"macs</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Micmac</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians inhabiting Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Mikmaks</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mico</h1>
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<hw>Mi"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. or Pg. <ets>mico</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small South American monkey (<spn>Mico melanurus</spn>), allied to the marmoset. The name was originally applied to an albino variety.</def>

<h1>Micracoustic</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cra*cous"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Microustic</er>.</def>

<h1>Micraster</h1>
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<hw>Mi*cras"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ small + <?/ star.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of sea urchins, similar to Spatangus, abounding in the chalk formation; -- from the starlike disposal of the ambulacral furrows.</def>

<h1>Micrencephalous</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cren*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[<ets>Micr-</ets> + Gr. <?/ brain.]</ety> <def>Having a small brain.</def>

<h1>Micro-, Micr-</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mi"cro-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mi"cr-</hw><hw>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ small.]</ety> <def>A combining form</def> signifying: <sd>(a)</sd> <def><i>Small</i>, <i>little</i>, <i>trivial</i>, <i>slight</i>; <as>as, <ex>micro</ex>cosm, <ex>micro</ex>scope</as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Metric System, Elec., Mech., etc.)</fld> <def><i>A millionth part of</i>; <as>as, <ex>micro</ex>farad, <ex>micro</ex>ohm, <ex>micro</ex>meter</as>.</def>

<h1>Microamp\'8are</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*am`p\'8are"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micr-</ets> + <ets>amp\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>One of the smaller measures of electrical currents; the millionth part of one amp\'8are.</def>

<h1>Microbacteria</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*bac*te"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Micro-</er>, and <er>Bacterium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>In the classification of Cohn, one of the four tribes of Bacteria.</def>

<note>&hand; In this classification bacteria are divided into four tribes: 1. <spn>Spherobacteria</spn>, or spherical bacteria, as the genus <spn>Micrococcus</spn>. 2. <spn>Microbacteria</spn>, or bacteria in the form of short rods, including the genus <spn>Bacterium</spn>. 3. <spn>Desmobacteria</spn>, or bacteria in straight filaments, of which the genus <spn>Bacillus</spn> is a type. 4. <spn>Spirobacteria</spn>, or bacteria in spiral filaments, as the genus <spn>Vibrio</spn>.</note>

<h1>Microbe, Microbion</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mi"crobe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mi*cro"bi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>microbion</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ little + <?/ life.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A microscopic organism; -- particularly applied to bacteria and especially to pathogenic forms; <as>as, the <ex>microbe</ex> of fowl cholera</as>.</def>

<h1>Microbian</h1>
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<hw>Mi*cro"bi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or caused by, microbes; <as>as, the <ex>microbian</ex> theory; a <ex>microbian</ex> disease.</as></def>

<h1>Microbic</h1>
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<hw>Mi*crob"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a microbe.</def>

<h1>Microbicide</h1>
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<hw>Mi*crob"i*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Microbe</ets> + L. <ets>caedere</ets> to kill.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Any agent detrimental to, or destructive of, the life of microbes or bacterial organisms.</def>

<h1>Microcephalic, Microcephalous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mi`cro*ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mi`cro*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>cephalic</ets>, <ets>cephalous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having a small head; having the cranial cavity small; -- opposed to <ant>megacephalic</ant>.</def>

<h1>Micro-chemical</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro-chem"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to micro-chemistry; <as>as, a <ex>micro-chemical</ex> test</as>.</def>

<h1>Micro-chemistry</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro-chem"is*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>chemistry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The application of chemical tests to minute objects or portions of matter, magnified by the use of the microscopy; -- distinguished from <i>macro-chemistry</i>.</def>

<h1>Microchronometer</h1>
<Xpage=921>

<hw>Mi`cro*chro*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chronoscope.</def>

<h1>Microcline</h1>
<Xpage=921>

<hw>Mi"cro*cline</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to incline.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of the feldspar group, like orthoclase or common feldspar in composition, but triclinic in form.</def>

<h1>Micrococcal</h1>
<Xpage=921>

<hw>Mi`cro*coc"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to micrococci; caused by micrococci.</def>

<i>Nature.</i>

<h1>Micrococcus</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*coc"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Micrococci</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Micro-</er>, and <er>Coccus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A genus of <spn>Spherobacteria</spn>, in the form of very small globular or oval cells, forming, by transverse division, filaments, or chains of cells, or in some cases single organisms shaped like dumb-bells (<spn>Diplococcus</spn>), all without the power of motion. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Ascoccus</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; Physiologically, micrococci are divided into three groups; <i>chromogenic</i>, characterized by their power of forming pigment; <i>zymogenic</i>, including those associated with definite chemical processes; and <i>pathogenic</i>, those connected with disease.</note>

<h1>Microcosm</h1>
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<hw>Mi"cro*cosm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>microcosme</ets>, L. <ets>microcosmus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ small + <?/ the world.]</ety> <def>A little world; a miniature universe. Hence (so called by Paracelsus), a man, as a supposed epitome of the exterior universe or great world. Opposed to <i>macrocosm</i>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Microcosmic, Microcosmical</h1>
<Xpage=921>

<hw><hw>Mi`cro*cos"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mi`cro*cos"mic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>microcosmique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the microcosm.</def>

<cs><col>Microcosmic salt</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white crystalline substance obtained by mixing solutions of sodium phosphate and ammonium phosphate, and also called <i>hydric-sodic-ammonic-phosphate<i>. It is a powerful flux, and is used as a substitute for borax as a blowpipe reagent in testing for the metallic oxides. Originally obtained by the alchemists from human urine, and called <i>sal microcosmicum<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Microcosmography</h1>
<Xpage=921>

<hw>Mi`cro*cos*mog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Microcosm</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Description of man as a microcosm.</def>

<h1>Microcoulomb</h1>
<Xpage=921>

<hw>Mi`cro*cou`lomb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>coulomb</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A measure of electrical quantity; the millionth part of one coulomb.</def>

<h1>Microcoustic</h1>
<Xpage=921>

<hw>Mi`cro*cous"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>acoustic</ets>: cf. F. <ets>microcoustique</ets>, <ets>micracoustique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining, or suited, to the audition of small sounds; fitted to assist hearing.</def>

<h1>Microcoustic</h1>
<Xpage=921>

<hw>Mi`cro*cous"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instrument for making faint sounds audible, as to a partially deaf person.</def>

<h1>Microcrith</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*crith"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>crith</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The weight of the half hydrogen molecule, or of the hydrogen atom, taken as the standard in comparing the atomic weights of the elements; <as>thus, an atom of oxygen weighs sixteen <ex>microcriths</ex>. See <er>Crith</er></as>.</def>

<i>J. P. Cooke.</i>

<h1>Microcrystalline</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*crys"tal*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>crystalline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Crystalline on a fine, or microscopic, scale; consisting of fine crystals; <as>as, the ground mass of certain porphyrics is <ex>microcrystalline</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Microcyte</h1>
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<hw>Mi"cro*cyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a hollow vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>One of the elementary granules found in blood. They are much smaller than an ordinary corpuscle, and are particularly noticeable in disease, as in an\'91mia.</def>

<h1>Microdont</h1>
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<hw>Mic"ro*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micr-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having small teeth.</def>

<h1>Microfarad</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*far"ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>farad</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The millionth part of a farad.</def>

<h1>Microform</h1>
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<hw>Mi"cro*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>form</ets>, n.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A microscopic form of life; an animal or vegetable organism microscopic size.</def>

<h1>Micro-geological</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro-ge`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to micro-geology.</def>

<h1>Micro-geology</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro-ge*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>geology</ets>.]</ety> <def>The part of geology relating to structure and organisms which require to be studied with a microscope.</def>

<h1>Micrograph</h1>
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<hw>Mi"cro*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Micrography</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for executing minute writing or engraving.</def>

<h1>Micrographic</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to micrography.</def>

<h1>Micrography</h1>
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<hw>Mi*crog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>micrographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The description of microscopic objects.</def>

<h1>Microhm</h1>
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<hw>Mi*crohm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micr-</ets> + <ets>ohm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The millionth part of an ohm.</def>

<h1>Microlepidoptera</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*lep`i*dop"te*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Micro-</er>, and <er>Lepidoptera</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Lepidoptera, including a vast number of minute species, as the plume moth, clothes moth, etc.</def>

<h1>Microlestes</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*les"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ small + <?/ a robber.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of small Triassic mammals, the oldest yet found in European strata.</def>

<h1>Microlite</h1>
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<hw>Mi"cro*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A rare mineral of resinous luster and high specific gravity. It is a tantalate of calcium, and occurs in octahedral crystals usually very minute.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A minute inclosed crystal, often observed when minerals or rocks are examined in thin sections under the microscope.</def>

<h1>Microlith</h1>
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<hw>Mi"cro*lith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>lith</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Microlite</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Microlithic</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*lith"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed of small stones.</def>

<h1>Micrologic, Micrological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mi`cro*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mi`cro*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to micrology; very minute; <as>as, <ex>micrologic</ex> examination</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mi`cro*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms><-- pref. = microscopic -->

<h1>Micrology</h1>
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<hw>Mi*crol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That part of science which treats of microscopic objects, or depends on microscopic observation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attention to petty items or differences.</def>

<i>W. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Micromere</h1>
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<hw>Mi"cro*mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the smaller cells, or blastomeres, resulting from the complete segmentation of a telolecithal ovum.</def>

<h1>Micrometer</h1>
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<hw>Mi*crom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>microm\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument, used with a telescope or microscope, for measuring minute distances, or the apparent diameters of objects which subtend minute angles. The measurement given directly is that of the image of the object formed at the focus of the object glass.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Circular, &or; Ring</col>, <col>micrometer</col></mcol>, <cd>a metallic ring fixed in the focus of the object glass of a telescope, and used to determine differences of right ascension and declination between stars by observations of the times at which the stars cross the inner or outer periphery of the ring.</cd> -- <col>Double image micrometer</col>, <cd>a micrometer in which two images of an object are formed in the field, usually by the two halves of a bisected lens which are movable along their line of section by a screw, and distances are determined by the number of screw revolutions necessary to bring the points to be measured into optical coincidence. When the two images are formed by a bisected objects glass, it is called a <i>divided-object-glass micrometer<i>, and when the instrument is large and equatorially mounted, it is known as a <i>heliometer<i>.</cd> -- <col>Double refraction micrometer</col>, <cd>a species of double image micrometer, in which the two images are formed by the double refraction of rock crystal.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Filar, &or; Bifilar</col>, <col>micrometer</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Bifilar</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Micrometer</col> caliper &or; gauge</col></mcol> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a caliper or gauge with a micrometer screw, for measuring dimensions with great accuracy.</cd> -- <col>Micrometer head</col>, <cd>the head of a micrometer screw.</cd> -- <col>Micrometer microscope</col>, <cd>a compound microscope combined with a filar micrometer, used chiefly for reading and subdividing the divisions of large astronomical and geodetical instruments.</cd> -- <col>Micrometer screw</col>, <cd>a screw with a graduated head used in some forms of micrometers.</cd> -- <col>Position micrometer</col>. <cd>See under <er>Position</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Scale</col>, &or; <col>Linear</col>, <col>micrometer</col></mcol>, <cd>a minute and very delicately graduated scale of equal parts used in the field of a telescope or microscope, for measuring distances by direct comparison.</cd></cs>

<h1>Micrometric, Micrometrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mi`cro*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mi`cro*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>microm\'82trique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to micrometry; made by the micrometer.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mi`cro*met"ric*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Micrometry</h1>
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<hw>Mi*crom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of measuring with a micrometer.</def>

<h1>Micromillimeter</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*mil"li*me`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>millimeter</ets>.]</ety> <def>The millionth part of a meter.</def>

<h1>Micron</h1>
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<hw>Mic"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ small.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A measure of length; the thousandth part of one millimeter; the millionth part of a meter.</def>

<h1>Micronesian</h1>
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<hw>Mi"cro*ne"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Micronesia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ small + <?/ an island.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Micronesia, a collective designation of the islands in the western part of the Pacific Ocean, embracing the Marshall and Gilbert groups, the Ladrones, the Carolines, etc.</def>

<h1>Micronesians</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*ne"sians</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Micronesian</singw></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A dark race inhabiting the Micronesian Islands. They are supposed to be a mixed race, derived from Polynesians and Papuans.</def>

<h1>Micronometer</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + chro<ets>nometer</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for noting minute portions of time.</def>

<h1>Micro\'94rganism</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*\'94r"gan*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>organism</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Any microscopic form of life; -- particularly applied to bacteria and similar organisms, esp. such are supposed to cause infectious diseases.</def>

<h1>Micropantograph</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*pan"to*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>pantograph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of pantograph which produces copies microscopically minute.</def>

<h1>Micropegmatite</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*peg"ma*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>pegmatite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A rock showing under the microscope the structure of a graphic granite (pegmatite).</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mi`cro*peg`ma*tit"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Microphone</h1>
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<hw>Mi"cro*phone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ sound, voice: cf. F. <ets>microphone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for intensifying and making audible very feeble sounds. It produces its effects by the changes of intensity in an electric current, occasioned by the variations in the contact resistance of conducting bodies, especially of imperfect conductors, under the action of acoustic vibrations.</def>

<h1>Microphonics</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*phon"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Microphone</er>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the means of increasing the intensity of low or weak sounds, or of the microphone.</def>

<h1>Microphonous</h1>
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<hw>Mi*croph"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to augment the intensity of weak sounds; microcoustic.</def>

<h1>Microphotograph</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*pho"to*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>photograph</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A microscopically small photograph of a picture, writing, printed page, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An enlarged representation of a microscopic object, produced by throwing upon a sensitive plate the magnified image of an object formed by a microscope or other suitable combination of lenses.</def>

<note>&hand; A picture of this kind is preferably called a <i>photomicrograph</i>.</note>

<h1>Microphotography</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*pho*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of making microphotographs.</def>

<h1>Microphthalmia, Microphthalmy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mi`croph*thal"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mi`croph*thal"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ eye.]</ety> <def>An unnatural smallness of the eyes, occurring as the result of disease or of imperfect development.</def>

<h1>Microphyllous</h1>
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<hw>Mi*croph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Small-leaved.</def>

<h1>Microphytal</h1>
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<hw>Mi*croph"y*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, microphytes.</def>

<h1>Microphyte</h1>
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<hw>Mi"cro*phyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a plant: cf. F. <ets>microphyte</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A very minute plant, one of certain unicellular alg\'91, such as the germs of various infectious diseases are believed to be.</def>

<h1>Micropyle</h1>
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<hw>Mi"cro*pyle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ gate, orifice: cf. F. <ets>micropyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An opening in the membranes surrounding the ovum, by which nutrition is assisted and the entrance of the spermatozoa permitted.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An opening in the outer coat of a seed, through which the fecundating pollen enters the ovule.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mi*crop"y*lar</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Microscopal</h1>
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<hw>Mi*cros"co*pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to microscopy, or to the use of the microscope.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Microscope</h1>
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<hw>Mi"cro*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An optical instrument, consisting of a lens, or combination of lenses, for making an enlarged image of an object which is too minute to be viewed by the naked eye.</def>

<cs><col>Compound microscope</col>, <cd>an instrument consisting of a combination of lenses such that the image formed by the lens or set of lenses nearest the object (called the <i>objective<i>) is magnified by another lens called the <i>ocular<i> or <i>eyepiece<i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Oxyhydrogen microscope</col>, and <col>Solar microscope</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Oxyhydrogen</er>, and <er>Solar</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Simple, &or; Single</col>, <col>microscope</col></mcol>, <cd>a single convex lens used to magnify objects placed in its focus.</cd></cs>

<h1>Microscopial</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*sco"pi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Microscopic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<h1>Microscopic, Microscopical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mi`cro*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mi`cro*scop"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>microscopique</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the microscope or to microscopy; made with a microscope; <as>as, <ex>microscopic</ex> observation</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Able to see extremely minute objects.</def>

<blockquote>Why has not man a <b>microscopic</b> eye?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Very small; visible only by the aid of a microscope; <as>as, a <ex>microscopic</ex> insect</as>.</def>

<h1>Microscopically</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*scop"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By the microscope; with minute inspection; in a microscopic manner.</def>

<h1>Microscopist</h1>
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<hw>Mi*cros"co*pist</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in, or given to, microscopy.</def>

<h1>Microscopy</h1>
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<hw>Mi*cros"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The use of the microscope; investigation with the microscope.</def>

<h1>Microseme</h1>
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<hw>Mi"cro*seme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ sign, mark: cf. F. <ets>micros\'8ame</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the orbital index relatively small; having the orbits broad transversely; -- opposed to <ant>megaseme</ant>.</def>

<hr>
<page="922">
Page 922<p>

<h1>Microspectroscope</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*spec"tro*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>spectroscope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A spectroscope arranged for attachment to a microscope, for observation of the spectrum of light from minute portions of any substance.</def>

<h1>Microsporangium</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*spo*ran"gi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Micro-</er>, and <er>Sporangium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A sporangium or conceptacle containing only very minute spores. Cf. <er>Macrosporangium</er>.</def>

<h1>Microspore</h1>
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<hw>Mi"cro*spore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the exceedingly minute spores found in certain flowerless plants, as <spn>Selaginella</spn> and <spn>Isoetes</spn>, which bear two kinds of spores, one very much smaller than the other. Cf. <er>Macrospore</er>.</def>

<h1>Microsporic</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*spor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to microspores.</def>

<h1>Microsthene</h1>
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<hw>Mi"cro*sthene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ might, strength.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group of mammals having a small size as a typical characteristic. It includes the lower orders, as the Insectivora, Cheiroptera, Rodentia, and Edentata.</def>

<h1>Microsthenic</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*sthen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a typically small size; of or pertaining to the microsthenes.</def>

<h1>Microtasimeter</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*ta*sim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>ta<?/imeter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A tasimeter, especially when arranged for measuring very small extensions. See <er>Tasimeter</er>.</def>

<h1>Microtome</h1>
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<hw>Mi"cro*tome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to cut.]</ety> <def>An instrument for making very thin sections for microscopical examination.</def>

<h1>Microomist</h1>
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<hw>Mi*cro"o*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is skilled in or practices microtomy.</def>

<h1>Microomy</h1>
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<hw>Mi*cro"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of using the microtome; investigation carried on with the microtome.</def>

<h1>Microvolt</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*volt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>volt</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A measure of electro-motive force; the millionth part of one volt.</def>

<h1>Microweber</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*we"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>weber</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The millionth part of one weber.</def>

<h1>Microzoa</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*zo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ small + <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Infusoria.</def>

<h1>Microzo\'94spore</h1>
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<hw>Mi`cro*zo"\'94*spore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + <ets>zo\'94spore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small motile spore furnished with two vibratile cilia, found in certain green alg\'91.</def>

<h1>Microzyme</h1>
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<hw>Mi"cro*zyme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Micro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ leaven.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A micro\'94rganism which is supposed to act like a ferment in causing or propagating certain infectious or contagious diseases; a pathogenic bacterial organism.</def>

<h1>Micturition</h1>
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<hw>Mic`tu*ri"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>micturire</ets> to desire to make water, v. desid. fr. <ets>mingere</ets>, <ets>mictum</ets>, to make water.]</ety> <def>The act of voiding urine; also, a morbidly frequent passing of the urine, in consequence of disease.</def>

<h1>Mid</h1>
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<hw>Mid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar. wanting; superl.</tt> <er>Midmost</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>midd</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>middi</ets>, D. <ets>mid</ets> (in comp.), OHG. <ets>mitti</ets>, Icel. <ets>mi<?/r</ets>, Goth. <ets>midjis</ets>, L. <ets>medius</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>madhya</ets>. <?/<?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Amid</er>, <er>Middle</er>, <er>Midst</er>, <er>Mean</er>, <er>Mediate</er>, <er>Meridian</er>, <er>Mizzen</er>, <er>Moiety</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Denoting the middle part; <as>as, in <ex>mid</ex> ocean</as>.</def>

<blockquote>No more the mounting larks, while Daphne sings,
Shall list'ning in <b>mid</b> air suspend their wings.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Occupying a middle position; middle; <as>as, the <ex>mid</ex> finger; the <ex>mid</ex> hour of night.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>Made with a somewhat elevated position of some certain part of the tongue, in relation to the palate; midway between the <i>high</i> and the <i>low</i>; -- said of certain vowel sounds; <as>as, \'be (\'bele), &ecr; (&ecr;ll), &omac; (&omac;ld)</as>. See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 10, 11.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Mid</i> is much used as a prefix, or combining form, denoting the <i>middle</i> or <i>middle part</i> of a thing; as, <i>mid</i>-air, <i>mid</i>-channel, <i>mid</i>-age, <i>mid</i>day, <i>mid</i>land, etc. Also, specifically, in geometry, to denote a circle inscribed in a triangle (a <i>mid</i>circle), or relation to such a circle; as, <i>mid</i>-center, <i>mid</i>radius.</note>

<h1>Mid</h1>
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<hw>Mid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Middle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>About the <b>mid</b> of night come to my tent.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mid</h1>
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<hw>Mid</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>See <er>Amid</er>.</def>

<h1>Mida</h1>
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<hw>Mi"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a destructive insect in pulse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of the bean fly.</def>

<h1>Midas</h1>
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<hw>Mi"das</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from L. <ets>Midas</ets>, a man fabled to have had ass's ears.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of longeared South American monkeys, including numerous species of marmosets. See <er>Marmoset</er>.</def>

<h1>Midas's ear</h1>
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<hw>Mi"das's ear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Midas</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A pulmonate mollusk (<spn>Auricula, &or; Ellobium, aurismid\'91</spn>); -- so called from resemblance to a human ear.</def>

<h1>Midbrain</h1>
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<hw>Mid"brain`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mid</ets>, a. + <ets>brain</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The middle segment of the brain; the mesencephalon. See <er>Brain</er>.</def>

<h1>Midday</h1>
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<hw>Mid"day`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>midd\'91g</ets>. See <er>Mid</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Day</er>.]</ety> <def>The middle part of the day; noon.</def>

<h1>Midday</h1>
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<hw>Mid"day`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to noon; meridional; <as>as, the <ex>midday</ex> sun</as>.</def>

<h1>Midden</h1>
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<hw>Mid"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Also <asp>midding</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>m\'94gdynge</ets>, E. <ets>muck</ets>, and <ets>dung</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A dunghill.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An accumulation of refuse about a dwelling place; especially, an accumulation of shells or of cinders, bones, and other refuse on the supposed site of the dwelling places of prehistoric tribes, -- as on the shores of the Baltic Sea and in many other places. See <er>Kitchen middens</er>.</def>

<h1>Midden crow</h1>
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<hw>Mid"den crow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common European crow.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Middest</h1>
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<hw>Mid"dest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> of <er>Mid</er>. <ety>[See <er>Midst</er>.]</ety> <def>Situated most nearly in the middle; middlemost; midmost.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " 'Mongst the <i>middest</i> crowd."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Middest</h1>
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<hw>Mid"dest</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Midst; middle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Midding</h1>
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<hw>Mid"ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Midden</er>.</def>

<h1>Middle</h1>
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<hw>Mid"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>middel</ets>, AS. <ets>middel</ets>; akin to D. <ets>middel</ets>, OHG. <ets>muttil</ets>, G. <ets>mittel</ets>. <?/<?/<?/<?/. See <er>Mid</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Equally distant from the extreme either of a number of things or of one thing; mean; medial; <as>as, the <ex>middle</ex> house in a row; a <ex>middle</ex> rank or station in life; flowers of <ex>middle</ex> summer; men of <ex>middle</ex> age.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Intermediate; intervening.</def>

<blockquote>Will, seeking good, finds many <b>middle</b> ends.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Middle</i> is sometimes used in the formation of selfexplaining compounds; as, <i>middle</i>-sized, <i>middle</i>-witted.</note>

<cs><col>Middle Ages</col>, <cd>the period of time intervening between the decline of the Roman Empire and the revival of letters. Hallam regards it as beginning with the sixth and ending with the fifteenth century.</cd> -- <col>Middle class</col>, <cd>in England, people who have an intermediate position between the aristocracy and the artisan class. It includes professional men, bankers, merchants, and small landed proprietors</cd>

<blockquote>The <b>middle-class</b> electorate of Great Britain.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Middle distance</col>. <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Middle-ground</er>.</cd> -- <col>Middle English</col>. <cd>See <er>English</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Middle Kingdom</col>, <cd>China.</cd> -- <col>Middle oil</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>that part of the distillate obtained from coal tar which passes over between 170&deg; and 230&deg; Centigrade; -- distinguished from the <i>light</i>, and the <i>heavy</i> or <i>dead</i>, <i>oil</i>.</cd> -- <col>Middle passage</col>, <cd>in the slave trade, that part of the Atlantic Ocean between Africa and the West Indies.</cd> -- <col>Middle post</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>King-post</er>.</cd> -- <col>Middle States</col>, <cd>New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware; which, at the time of the formation of the Union, occupied a middle position between the Eastern States (or New England) and the Southern States. <mark>[U.S.</cd>]</mark> -- <col>Middle term</col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>that term of a syllogism with which the two extremes are separately compared, and by means of which they are brought together in the conclusion. <i>Brande</i>.</cd> -- <col>Middle tint</col> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>, <cd>a subdued or neutral tint. <i>Fairholt</i>.</cd> -- <col>Middle voice</col>. <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Voice</er>.</cd> -- <col>Middle watch</col>, <cd>the period from midnight to four <sc>A. M.</sc>; also, the men on watch during that time. <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc</i>.</cd> -- <col>Middle weight</col>, <cd>a pugilist, boxer, or wrestler classed as of medium weight, <it>i. e.</it>, over 140 and not over 160 lbs., in distinction from those classed as <i>light weights</i>, <i>heavy weights</i>, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Middle</h1>
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<hw>Mid"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>middel</ets>. See <er>Middle</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The point or part equally distant from the extremities or exterior limits, as of a line, a surface, or a solid; an intervening point or part in space, time, or order of series; the midst; central portion; specif., the waist.</def> <i>Chaucer</i>. "The <i>middle</i> of the land." <i>Judg. ix. 37</def>.

<blockquote>In this, as in most questions of state, there is a <b>middle</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Midst</er>.</syn>

<h1>Middle-age</h1>
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<hw>Mid"dle-age`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[<ets>Middle</ets> + <ets>age</ets>. Cf. <er>Medi\'91val</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Middle Ages; medi\'91val.</def>

<h1>Middle-aged</h1>
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<hw>Mid"dle-aged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being about the middle of the ordinary age of man; between 30 and 50 years old.</def><-- now considered as 40 to 60 [MW10]!! -->

<h1>Middle-earth</h1>
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<hw>Mid"dle-earth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The world, considered as lying between heaven and hell.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark><-- a land in Tolkien's "Hobbit" and "Ring" books -->

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Middle-ground</h1>
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<hw>Mid"dle-ground`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>That part of a picture between the foreground and the background.</def>

<h1>Middleman</h1>
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<hw>Mid"dle*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Middlemen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An agent between two parties; a broker; a go-between; any dealer between the producer and the consumer; in Ireland, one who takes land of the proprietors in large tracts, and then rents it out in small portions to the peasantry.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person of intermediate rank; a commoner.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The man who occupies a central position in a file of soldiers.</def>

<h1>Middlemost</h1>
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<hw>Mid"dle*most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Midmost</er>.]</ety> <def>Being in the middle, or nearest the middle; midmost.</def>

<h1>Middler</h1>
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<hw>Mid"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a middle or intermediate class in some schools and seminaries.</def>

<h1>Middling</h1>
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<hw>Mid"dling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of middle rank, state, size, or quality; about equally distant from the extremes; medium; moderate; mediocre; ordinary.</def> "A town of but <i>middling</i> size."

<i>Hallam.</i>

<blockquote>Plainly furnished, as beseemed the <b>middling</b> circumstances of its inhabitants.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Mid"dling*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mid"dling*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Middlings</h1>
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<hw>Mid"dlings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A combination of the coarser parts of ground wheat the finest bran, separated from the fine flour and coarse bran in bolting; -- formerly regarded as valuable only for feed; but now, after separation of the bran, used for making the best quality of flour. <i>Middlings</i> contain a large proportion of gluten.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the southern and western parts of the United States, the portion of the hog between the ham and the shoulder; bacon; -- called also <altname>middles</altname>.</def>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Middy</h1>
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<hw>Mid"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Middies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <def>A colloquial abbreviation of <altname>midshipman</altname>.</def>

<h1>Midfeather</h1>
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<hw>Mid"feath`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Steam Boilers)</fld> <def>A vertical water space in a fire box or combustion chamber.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A support for the center of a tunnel.</def>

<h1>Midgard</h1>
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<hw>Mid"gard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>mi&edh;gar&edh;r</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Scand. Myth.)</fld> <def>The middle space or region between heaven and hell; the abode of human beings; the earth.</def>

<h1>Midge</h1>
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<hw>Midge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>migge</ets>, AS. <ets>mycge</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>muggia</ets>, D. <ets>mug</ets>, G. <ets>m\'81cke</ets>, OHG. <ets>mucca</ets>, Icel. <ets>m<?/</ets>, Sw. <ets>mygga</ets>, <ets>mygg</ets>, Dan. <ets>myg</ets>; perh. named from its buzzing; cf. Gr. <?/ to low, bellow.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any one of many small, delicate, long-legged flies of the <spn>Chironomus</spn>, and allied genera, which do not bite. Their larv\'91 are usually aquatic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A very small fly, abundant in many parts of the United States and Canada, noted for the irritating quality of its bite.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also applied to various other small flies. See <cref>Wheat midge</cref>, under <er>Wheat</er>.</note>

<h1>Midget</h1>
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<hw>Midg"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>midge</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A minute bloodsucking fly.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A very diminutive person.</def>

<h1>Midgut</h1>
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<hw>Mid"gut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mid</ets>, a. + <ets>gut</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine.</def>

<h1>Midheaven</h1>
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<hw>Mid"heav`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The midst or middle of heaven or the sky.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The meridian, or middle line of the heavens; the point of the ecliptic on the meridian.</def>

<h1>Midland</h1>
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<hw>Mid"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being in the interior country; distant from the coast or seashore; <as>as, <ex>midland</ex> towns or inhabitants</as>.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Surrounded by the land; mediterranean.</def>

<blockquote>And on the <b>midland</b> sea the French had awed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Midland</h1>
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<hw>Mid"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The interior or central region of a country; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Midmain</h1>
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<hw>Mid"main`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The middle part of the main or sea.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Midmost</h1>
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<hw>Mid"most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>middemiste</ets>. Cf. <er>Foremost</er>.]</ety> <def>Middle; middlemost.</def>

<blockquote>Ere night's <b>midmost</b>, stillest hour was past.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Midnight</h1>
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<hw>Mid"night`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>midniht</ets>.]</ety> <def>The middle of the night; twelve o'clock at night.</def>

<blockquote>The iron tongue of <b>midnight</b> hath told twelve.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Midnight</h1>
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<hw>Mid"night`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being in, or characteristic of, the middle of the night; <as>as, <ex>midnight</ex> studies; <ex>midnight</ex> gloom.</as></def> "<i>Midnight</i> shout and revelry."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Midrash</h1>
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<hw>Mid*rash"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Midrashim</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <plw>Midrashoth</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Heb., explanation.]</ety> <def>A talmudic exposition of the Hebrew law, or of some part of it.</def>

<h1>Midrib</h1>
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<hw>Mid"rib`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A continuation of the petiole, extending from the base to the apex of the lamina of a leaf.</def>

<h1>Midriff</h1>
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<hw>Mid"riff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>midhrif</ets>; <ets>midd</ets> mid, middle + <ets>hrif</ets> bowels, womb; akin to OFries. <ets>midref</ets> midriff, <ets>rif</ets>, <ets>ref</ets>, belly, OHG. <ets>href</ets> body, and to L. <ets>corpus</ets> body. See <er>Corpse</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Diaphragm</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<blockquote>Smote him into the <b>midriff</b> with a stone.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<-- no pos in original.  Should be n. -->
<h1>Mid sea, &or; Mid-sea</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mid" sea"</hw>, &or; <hw>Mid"-sea"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <def>The middle part of the sea or ocean.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>The Mid-sea</col>, <cd>the Mediterranean Sea. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Midship</h1>
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<hw>Mid"ship`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to, or being in, the middle of a ship.</def>

<cs><col>Midship beam</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the beam or timber upon which the broadest part of a vessel is formed.</cd> -- <col>Midship bend</col>, <cd>the broadest frame in a vessel. <i>Weale</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Midshipman</h1>
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<hw>Mid"ship`man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Midshipmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Formerly, a kind of naval cadet, in a ship of war, whose business was to carry orders, messages, reports, etc., between the officers of the quarter-deck and those of the forecastle, and render other services as required.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In the English naval service, the second rank attained by a combatant officer after a term of service as naval cadet. Having served three and a half years in this rank, and passed an examination, he is eligible to promotion to the rank of lieutenant.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>In the United States navy, the lowest grade of officers in line of promotion, being graduates of the Naval Academy awaiting promotion to the rank of ensign.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American marine fish of the genus <spn>Porichthys</spn>, allied to the toadfish.</def>

<cs><col>Cadet midshipman</col>, <cd>formerly a title distinguishing a cadet line officer from a cadet engineer at the U. S. Naval Academy. See under <er>Cadet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cadet midshipman</col>, <cd>formerly, a naval cadet who had served his time, passed his examinations, and was awaiting promotion; -- now called, in the United States, <i>midshipman<i>; in England, <i>sublieutenant<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Midships</h1>
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<hw>Mid"ships`</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>amidships</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>In the middle of a ship; -- properly <i>amidships</i>.</def>

<h1>Midships</h1>
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<hw>Mid"ships`</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The timbers at the broadest part of the vessel.</def>

<i>R. H. Dana, Jr.</i>

<h1>Midst</h1>
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<hw>Midst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>middest</ets>, <ets>in the middest</ets>, for older <ets>in middes</ets>, where <ets>-s</ets> is adverbial (orig. forming a genitive), or still older <ets>a midde</ets>, <ets>a midden</ets>, <ets>on midden</ets>. See <er>Mid</er>, and cf. <er>Amidst</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The interior or central part or place; the middle; -- used chiefly in the objective case after <i>in</i>; <as>as, in the <ex>midst</ex> of the forest</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And when the devil had thrown him in the <b>midst</b>, he came out of him.
<i>Luke iv. 35.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is nothing... in the <b>midst</b> [of the play] which might not have been placed in the beginning.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, figuratively, the condition of being surrounded or beset; the press; the burden; <as>as, in the <ex>midst</ex> of official duties; in the <ex>midst</ex> of secular affairs.</as></def>

<note>&hand; The expressions <i>in our midst</i>, <i>in their midst</i>, etc., are avoided by some good writers, the forms <i>in the midst of us</i>, <i>in the midst of them</i>, etc., being preferred.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Midst</er>, <er>Middle</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Midst</i> in present usage commonly denotes a part or place surrounded on enveloped by or among other parts or objects (see <er>Amidst</er>); while <i>middle</i> is used of the center of length, or surface, or of a solid, etc. We say in the <i>midst</i> of a thicket; in the <i>middle</i> of a line, or the <i>middle</i> of a room; in the <i>midst</i> of darkness; in the <i>middle</i> of the night.</usage>

<h1>Midst</h1>
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<hw>Midst</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>In the midst of; amidst.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Midst</h1>
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<hw>Midst</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the middle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Midsummer</h1>
<Xpage=922>

<hw>Mid"sum`mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>midsumor</ets>.]</ety> <def>The middle of summer.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Midsummer daisy</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the oxeye daisy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Midward</h1>
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<hw>Mid"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Situated in the middle.</def>

<h1>Midward</h1>
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<hw>Mid"ward</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In or toward the midst.</def>

<h1>Midway</h1>
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<hw>Mid"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The middle of the way or distance; a middle way or course.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Paths indirect, or in the <b>midway</b> faint.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Midway</h1>
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<hw>Mid"way`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being in the middle of the way or distance; <as>as, the <ex>midway</ex> air</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Midway</h1>
<Xpage=922>

<hw>Mid"way`</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the middle of the way or distance; half way.</def> "She met his glance <i>midway</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Midweek</h1>
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<hw>Mid"week`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The middle of the week. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Midwife</h1>
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<hw>Mid"wife`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Midwives</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>midwif</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>mid</ets> with (akin to Gr. <?/) + <?/ woman, wife. Properly, the woman or wife who is attendant upon a woman in childbirth. See <er>Meta-</er>, and <er>Wife</er>.]</ety> <def>A woman who assists other women in childbirth; a female practitioner of the obstetric art.</def>

<h1>Midwife</h1>
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<hw>Mid"wife`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To assist in childbirth.</def>

<h1>Midwife</h1>
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<hw>Mid"wife`</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To perform the office of midwife.</def>

<h1>Midwifery</h1>
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<hw>Mid"wife`ry</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or practice of assisting women in childbirth; obstetrics.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Assistance at childbirth; help or co\'94peration in production.</def>

<h1>Midwinter</h1>
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<hw>Mid"win`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>midwinter</ets>.]</ety> <def>The middle of winter.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<hr>
<page="923">
Page 923<p>

<h1>Midwive</h1>
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<hw>Mid"wive`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To midwife.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mien</h1>
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<hw>Mien</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mine</ets>; perh. from sane source as <ets>mener</ets> to lead; cf. E. <ets>demean</ets>, <ets>menace</ets>, <ets>mine</ets>, n.]</ety> <def>Aspect; air; manner; demeanor; carriage; bearing.</def>

<blockquote>Vice is a monster of so frightful <b>mien</b>,
As, to be hated, needs but to be seen.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Miff</h1>
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<hw>Miff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. G. <ets>muff</ets> sullenness, sulkiness, <ets>muffen</ets> to be silky, <ets>muff\'8bg</ets> sullen, pouting.]</ety> <def>A petty falling out; a tiff; a quarrel; offense.</def>

<i>Fielding.</i>

<h1>Miff</h1>
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<hw>Miff</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To offend slightly.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Might</h1>
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<hw>Might</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>May</er>.</def> <ety>[AS. <ets>meahte</ets>, <ets>mihte</ets>.]</ety>

<h1>Might</h1>
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<hw>Might</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>meaht</ets>, <ets>miht</ets>, from the root of <ets>magan</ets> to be able, E. <ets>may</ets>; akin to D. <ets>magt</ets>, OS. <ets>maht</ets>, G. <ets>macht</ets>, Icel. <ets>m\'bettr</ets>, Goth. <ets>mahts</ets>. <?/<?/<?/<?/. See <er>May</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>Force or power of any kind, whether of body or mind; energy or intensity of purpose, feeling, or action; means or resources to effect an object; strength; force; power; ability; capacity.</def>

<blockquote>What so strong,
But wanting rest, will also want of <b>might</b>?
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy <b>might</b>.
<i>Deut. vi. 5.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>With might and main</col>. <cd>See under 2d <er>Main</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mightful</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Might"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mighty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mightily</h1>
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<hw>Might"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Mighty</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In a mighty manner; with might; with great earnestness; vigorously; powerfully.</def>

<blockquote>Whereunto I also labor, striving according to his working, which worketh in me <b>mightily</b>.
<i>Col. i. 29.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To a great degree; very much.</def>

<blockquote>Practical jokes amused us <b>mightily</b>.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mightiness</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Might"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being mighty; possession of might; power; greatness; high dignity.</def>

<blockquote>How soon this <b>mightiness</b> meets misery.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Highness; excellency; -- with a possessive pronoun, a title of dignity; <as>as, their high <ex>mightinesses</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Mightless</h1>
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<hw>Might"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without; weak.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mighty</h1>
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<hw>Might"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Mightier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Mightiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>meahtig</ets>, <ets>mihtig</ets>; akin to G. <ets>m\'84chtig</ets>, Goth. <ets>mahteigs</ets>. See <er>Might</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessing might; having great power or authority.</def>

<blockquote>Wise in heart, and <b>mighty</b> in strength.
<i>Job ix. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Accomplished by might; hence, extraordinary; wonderful.</def> "His <i>mighty</i> works."

<i>Matt. xi. 20.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Denoting and extraordinary degree or quality in respect of size, character, importance, consequences, etc.</def>  "A <i>mighty</i> famine." <i>Luke xv. 14</i>. "Giants of <i>mighty</i> bone." <i>Milton</i>.

<blockquote><b>Mighty</b> was their fuss about little matters.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mighty</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Might"y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mighties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>A warrior of great force and courage</def>. <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark>

<i>1 Chron. xi. 12.</i>

<h1>Mighty</h1>
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<hw>Might"y</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a great degree; very.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "He was <i>mighty</i> methodical."

<i>Jeffrey.</i>

<blockquote>We have a <b>mighty</b> pleasant garden.
<i>Doddridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Migniard</h1>
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<hw>Mign"iard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mignard</ets>, akin to <ets>mignon</ets>. See <er>Minion</er>.]</ety> <def>Soft; dainty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Migniardise</h1>
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<hw>Mign"iard*ise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mignardise</ets>.]</ety> <def>Delicate fondling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Mignon</h1>
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<hw>Mi"gnon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See 3d <er>Minion</er>.</def>

<h1>Mignon</h1>
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<hw>Mi"gnon</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To flatter.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark>

<i>Danie<?/.</i>

<h1>Mignonette</h1>
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<hw>Mi`gnon*ette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mignonnette</ets>, dim. of <ets>mignon</ets> darling. See 2d <er>Minion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Reseda odorata</spn>) having greenish flowers with orange-colored stamens, and exhaling a delicious fragrance. In Africa it is a low shrub, but further north it is usually an annual herb.</def>

<cs><col>Mignonette pepper</col>, <cd>coarse pepper.</cd></cs>

<h1>Migraine</h1>
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<hw>Mi*graine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Megrim</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mi*grain"ous</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>
<-- now the preferred term -->

<h1>Migrant</h1>
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<hw>Mi"grant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>migrans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>migrare</ets>. See <er>Migrate</er>.]</ety> <def>Migratory.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A migratory bird or other animal.</def></def2>

<h1>Migrate</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Mi"grate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Migrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Migrating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>migratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>migrare</ets> to migrate, transfer.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To remove from one country or region to another, with a view to residence; to change one's place of residence; to remove; <as>as, the Moors who <ex>migrated</ex> from Africa into Spain; to <ex>migrate</ex> to the West.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pass periodically from one region or climate to another for feeding or breeding; -- said of certain birds, fishes, and quadrupeds.</def>

<h1>Migration</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Mi*gra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>migratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>migration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of migrating.</def>

<h1>Migratory</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Mi"gra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>migratoire</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Removing regularly or occasionally from one region or climate to another; <as>as, <ex>migratory</ex> birds</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, roving; wandering; nomad; <as>as, <ex>migratory</ex> habits; a <ex>migratory</ex> life.</as></def>

<cs><col>Migratory locust</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Locust</er>.</cd> -- <col>Migratory thrush</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the American robin. See <er>Robin</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mikado</h1>
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<hw>Mi*ka"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Jap.]</ety> <def>The popular designation of the hereditary sovereign of Japan.</def>

<h1>Mikmaks</h1>
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<hw>Mik"maks</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Micmacs</er>.</def>

<h1>Milage</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Mil"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Mileage</er>.</def>

<h1>Milanese</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Mil`an*ese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Milan in Italy, or to its inhabitants.</def> -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Milan; people of Milan.</def></def2>

<h1>Milch</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Milch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>milche</ets>; akin to G. <ets>melk</ets>, Icel. <ets>milkr</ets>, <ets>mj<?/lkr</ets>, and to E. <ets>milk</ets>. See <er>Milk</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Giving milk; -- now applied only to beasts.</def> "<i>Milch</i> camels." <i>Gen. xxxii</i>. "<i>Milch</i> kine." <i>Shak</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tender; pitiful; weeping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mild</h1>
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<hw>Mild</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Milder</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Mildest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>milde</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>mildi</ets>, D. & G. <ets>mild</ets>, OHG. <ets>milti</ets>, Icel. <ets>mildr</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>mild</ets>, Goth. <ets>milds</ets>; cf. Lith. <ets>melas</ets> dear, Gr. <?/ gladdening gifts.]</ety> <def>Gentle; pleasant; kind; soft; bland; clement; hence, moderate in degree or quality; -- the opposite of <i>harsh</i>, <i>severe</i>, <i>irritating</i>, <i>violent</i>, <i>disagreeable</i>, etc.; -- applied to persons and things; <as>as, a <ex>mild</ex> disposition; a <ex>mild</ex> eye; a <ex>mild</ex> air; a <ex>mild</ex> medicine; a <ex>mild</ex> insanity.</as></def>

<blockquote>The rosy morn resigns her light
And <b>milder</b> glory to the noon.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Adore him as a <b>mild</b> and merciful Being.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Mild</col>, &or; <col>Low</col>, <col>steel</col></mcol>, <cd>steel that has but little carbon in it and is not readily hardened.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Soft; gentle; bland; calm; tranquil; soothing; pleasant; placid; meek; kind; tender; indulgent; clement; mollifying; lenitive; assuasive. See <er>Gentle</er>.</syn>

<h1>Milden</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Mild"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make mild, or milder.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Mildew</h1>
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<hw>Mil"dew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>melede\'a0w</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>militou</ets>, G. <ets>mehlthau</ets>, <ets>mehltau</ets>; prob. orig. meaning, honeydew; cf. Goth. <ets>milip</ets> honey. See <er>Mellifluous</er>, and <er>Dew</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A growth of minute powdery or webby fungi, whitish or of different colors, found on various diseased or decaying substances.</def>

<h1>Mildew</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Mil"dew</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mildewed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mildewing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To taint with mildew.</def>

<blockquote>He... <b>mildews</b> the white wheat.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mildew</h1>
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<hw>Mil"dew</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become tainted with mildew.</def>

<h1>Mildly</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Mild"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a mild manner.</def>

<h1>Mildness</h1>
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<hw>Mild"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being mild; <as>as, <ex>mildness</ex> of temper; the <ex>mildness</ex> of the winter.</as></def>

<h1>Mile</h1>
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<hw>Mile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m\'c6l</ets>, fr. L. <ets>millia</ets>, <ets>milia</ets>; pl. of <ets>mille</ets> a thousand, i. e., <ets>milia passuum</ets> a thousand paces. Cf. <er>Mill</er> the tenth of a cent, <er>Million</er>.]</ety> <def>A certain measure of distance, being equivalent in England and the United States to 320 poles or rods, or 5,280 feet.</def>

<note>&hand; The distance called a <i>mile</i> varies greatly in different countries. Its length in yards is, in Norway, 12,182; in Brunswick, 11,816; in Sweden, 11,660; in Hungary, 9,139; in Switzerland, 8,548; in Austria, 8,297; in Prussia, 8,238; in Poland, 8,100; in Italy, 2,025; in England and the United States, 1,760; in Spain, 1,552; in the Netherlands, 1,094.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Geographical</col>, &or; <col>Nautical mile</col></mcol>, <cd>one sixtieth of a degree of a great circle of the earth, or 6080.27 feet.</cd> -- <col>Mile run</col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Train mile</cref>. See under <er>Train</er>.</cd> -- <col>Roman mile</col>, <cd>a thousand paces, equal to 1,614 yards English measure.</cd> -- <col>Statute mile</col>, <cd>a mile conforming to statute, that is, in England and the United States, a mile of 5,280 feet, as distinguished from any other mile.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mileage</h1>
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<hw>Mile"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An allowance for traveling expenses at a certain rate per mile.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Aggregate length or distance in miles; esp., the sum of lengths of tracks or wires of a railroad company, telegraph company, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>milage</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Constructive mileage</col>, <cd>a mileage allowed for journeys supposed to be made, but not actually made.</cd></cs>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Milepost</h1>
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<hw>Mile"post`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A post, or one of a series of posts, set up to indicate spaces of a mile each or the distance in miles from a given place.</def>

<h1>Milesian</h1>
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<hw>Mi*le"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Milesius</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anc. Geog.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to Miletus, a city of Asia Minor, or to its inhabitants.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Irish Legendary Hist.)</fld> <def>Descended from King Milesius of Spain, whose two sons are said to have conquered Ireland about 1300 <er>b</er>. <er>c</er>.; or pertaining to the descendants of King Milesius; hence, Irish.</def>

<h1>Milesian</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Mi*le"sian</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of Miletus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of Ireland.</def>

<h1>Milestone</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Mile"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stone serving the same purpose as a milepost.</def>

<h1>Milfoil</h1>
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<hw>Mil"foil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mille-feuille</ets>, L. <ets>millefolium</ets>; <ets>mille</ets> thousand + <ets>folium</ets> leaf. See <er>Foil</er> a leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A common composite herb (<spn>Achillea Millefolium</spn>) with white flowers and finely dissected leaves; yarrow.</def>

<cs><col>Water milfoil</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an aquatic herb with dissected leaves (<spn>Myriophyllum</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Miliaria</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Mil`i*a"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Miliary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A fever accompanied by an eruption of small, isolated, red pimples, resembling a millet seed in form or size; miliary fever.</def>

<h1>Miliary</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Mil"ia*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>miliarius</ets>, fr. <ets>milium</ets> millet: cf. F. <ets>miliaire</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Like millet seeds; <as>as, a <ex>miliary</ex> eruption</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Accompanied with an eruption like millet seeds; <as>as, a <ex>miliary</ex> fever</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Small and numerous; <as>as, the <ex>miliary</ex> tubercles of Echini</as>.</def>

<h1>Miliary</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Mil"ia*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the small tubercles of Echini.</def>

<h1>Milice</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Mi`lice"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Militia.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Miliola</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Mil"i*o`la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>milium</ets> millet. So named from its resemblance to millet seed.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of Foraminifera, having a porcelanous shell with several longitudinal chambers.</def>

<h1>Miliolite</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Mil"i*o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil shell of, or similar to, the genus Miliola.</def>

<h1>Miliolite</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Mil"i*o*lite</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>The same <er>Milliolitic</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Miliolite limestone</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a building stone, one of the group of the Paris basin, almost entirely made up of many-chambered microscopic shells.</cd></cs>

<h1>Miliolitic</h1>
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<hw>Mil`i*o*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the genus Miliola; containing miliolites.</def>

<h1>Militancy</h1>
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<hw>Mil"i*tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Militant</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being militant; warfare.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A military spirit or system; militarism.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Militant</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Mil"i*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>militans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>militare</ets> to be soldier: cf. F. <ets>militant</ets>. See <er>Militate</er>.]</ety> <def>Engaged in warfare; fighting; combating; serving as a soldier.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mil"i*tant*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>At which command the powers <b>militant</b>...
Moved on in silence.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Church militant</col>, <cd>the Christian church on earth, which is supposed to be engaged in a constant warfare against its enemies, and is thus distinguished from the <i>church triumphant<i>, in heaven.</cd></cs>

<h1>Militar</h1>
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<hw>Mil"i*tar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Military.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Militarily</h1>
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<hw>Mil"i*ta*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a military manner.</def>

<h1>Militarism</h1>
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<hw>Mil"i*ta*rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>militarisme</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A military state or condition; reliance on military force in administering government; a military system.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The spirit and traditions of military life.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Militarist</h1>
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<hw>Mil"i*ta*rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A military man.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Military</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Mil"i*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>militaris</ets>, <ets>militarius</ets>, from <ets>miles</ets>, <ets>militis</ets>, soldier: cf. F. <ets>militaire</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to soldiers, to arms, or to war; belonging to, engaged in, or appropriate to, the affairs of war; <as>as, a <ex>military</ex> parade; <ex>military</ex> discipline; <ex>military</ex> bravery; <ex>military</ex> conduct; <ex>military</ex> renown.</as></def>

<blockquote>Nor do I, as an enemy to peace,
Troop in the throngs of <b>military</b> men.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Performed or made by soldiers; <as>as, a <ex>military</ex> election; a <ex>military</ex> expedition.</as></def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<cs><col>Military law</col>. <cd>See <cref>Martial law</cref>, under <er>Martial</er>.</cd> -- <col>Military order</col>. <fld>(a)</fld> <cd>A command proceeding from a military superior.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An association of military persons under a bond of certain peculiar rules; especially, such an association of knights in the Middle Ages, or a body in modern times taking a similar form, membership of which confers some distinction.</cd> -- <col>Military tenure</col>, <cd>tenure of land, on condition of performing military service.</cd></cs>

<h1>Military</h1>
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<hw>Mil"i*ta*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>militaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>The whole body of soldiers; soldiery; militia; troops; the army.</def>

<h1>Militate</h1>
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<hw>Mil"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Militated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Militating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>militare</ets>, <ets>militatum</ets>, to be a soldier, fr. <ets>miles</ets>, <ets>militis</ets>, soldier.]</ety> <def>To make war; to fight; to contend; -- usually followed by <i>against</i> and <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>These are great questions, where great names <b>militate</b> against each other.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The invisible powers of heaven seemed to <b>militate</b> on the side of the pious emperor.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Militia</h1>
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<hw>Mi*li"tia</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., military service, soldiery, fr. <ets>miles</ets>, <ets>militis</ets>, soldier: cf. F. <ets>milice</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In the widest sense, the whole military force of a nation, including both those engaged in military service as a business, and those competent and available for such service; specifically, the body of citizens enrolled for military instruction and discipline, but not subject to be called into actual service except in emergencies.</def>

<blockquote>The king's captains and soldiers fight his battles, and yet... the power of the <b>militia</b> is he.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Military service; warfare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Baxter.</i>

<h1>Militiaman</h1>
<Xpage=923>

<hw>Mi*li"tia*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Militiamen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who belongs to the militia.</def>

<h1>Militiate</h1>
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<hw>Mi*li"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To carry on, or prepare for, war.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Milk</h1>
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<hw>Milk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>meoluc</ets>, <ets>meoloc</ets>, <ets>meolc</ets>, <ets>milc</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>meloc</ets>, D. <ets>melk</ets>, G. <ets>milch</ets>, OHG. <ets>miluh</ets>, Icel. <ets>mj<?/ok</ets>, Sw. <ets>mj\'94lk</ets>, Dan. <ets>melk</ets>, Goth. <ets>miluks</ets>, G. <ets>melken</ets> to milk, OHG. <ets>melchan</ets>, Lith. <ets>milszti</ets>, L. <ets>mulgere</ets>, Gr. <?/. <?/<?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Milch</er>, <er>Emulsion</er>, <er>Milt</er> soft roe of fishes.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A white fluid secreted by the mammary glands of female mammals for the nourishment of their young, consisting of minute globules of fat suspended in a solution of casein, albumin, milk sugar, and inorganic salts.</def> "White as morne <i>milk</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of juice or sap, usually white in color, found in certain plants; latex. See <er>Latex</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An emulsion made by bruising seeds; <as>as, the <ex>milk</ex> of almonds, produced by pounding almonds with sugar and water</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ripe, undischarged spat of an oyster.</def>

<cs><col>Condensed milk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Condense</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></cd> -- <col>Milk crust</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>vesicular eczema occurring on the face and scalp of nursing infants. See <er>Eczema</er>.</cd> -- <col>Milk fever</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>A fever which accompanies or precedes the first lactation</cd>. It is usually transitory. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Vet. Surg.)</fld> <cd>A form puerperal peritonitis in cattle; also, a variety of meningitis occurring in cows after calving.</cd> -- <col>Milk glass</col>, <cd>glass having a milky appearance.</cd> -- <col>Milk knot</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a hard lump forming in the breast of a nursing woman, due to obstruction to the flow of milk and congestion of the mammary glands.</cd> -- <col>Milk leg</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a swollen condition of the leg, usually in puerperal women, caused by an inflammation of veins, and characterized by a white appearance occasioned by an accumulation of serum and sometimes of pus in the cellular tissue.</cd> -- <col>Milk meats</col>, <cd>food made from milk, as butter and cheese. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Bailey</i>.</cd> -- <col>Milk mirror</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Escutcheon</er>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Milk molar</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one of the deciduous molar teeth which are shed and replaced by the premolars.</cd> -- <col>Milk of lime</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a watery emulsion of calcium hydrate, produced by macerating quicklime in water.</cd> -- <col>Milk parsley</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an umbelliferous plant (<spn>Peucedanum palustre</spn>) of Europe and Asia, having a milky juice.</cd> -- <col>Milk pea</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus (<spn>Galactia</spn>) of leguminous and, usually, twining plants.</cd> -- <col>Milk sickness</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a peculiar malignant disease, occurring in some parts of the Western United States, and affecting certain kinds of farm stock (esp. cows), and persons who make use of the meat or dairy products of infected cattle. Its chief symptoms in man are uncontrollable vomiting, obstinate constipation, pain, and muscular tremors. Its origin in cattle has been variously ascribed to the presence of certain plants in their food, and to polluted drinking water.</cd> -- <col>Milk snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a harmless American snake (<spn>Ophibolus triangulus</spn>, or <spn>O. eximius</spn>). It is variously marked with white, gray, and red. Called also <altname>milk adder</altname>, <altname>chicken snake</altname>, <altname>house snake</altname>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Milk sugar</col>. <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Lactose</er>, and <cref>Sugar of milk</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Milk thistle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an esculent European thistle (<spn>Silybum marianum</spn>), having the veins of its leaves of a milky whiteness.</cd> -- <col>Milk thrush</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Thrush</er>.</cd> -- <col>Milk tooth</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one of the temporary first set of teeth in young mammals; in man there are twenty.</cd> -- <col>Milk tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree yielding a milky juice, as the cow tree of South America (<spn>Brosimum Galactodendron</spn>), and the <spn>Euphorbia balsamifera</spn> of the Canaries, the milk of both of which is wholesome food.</cd> -- <col>Milk vessel</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a special cell in the inner bark of a plant, or a series of cells, in which the milky juice is contained. See <er>Latex</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rock milk</col>. <cd>See <cref>Agaric mineral</cref>, under <er>Agaric</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sugar of milk</col>. <cd>The sugar characteristic of milk; a hard white crystalline slightly sweet substance obtained by evaporation of the whey of milk. It is used in pellets and powder as a vehicle for homeopathic medicines, and as an article of diet. See <er>Lactose</er>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="924">
Page 924<p>

<h1>Milk</h1>
<Xpage=924>

<hw>Milk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Milked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Milking</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw or press milk from the breasts or udder of, by the hand or mouth; to withdraw the milk of.</def> "<i>Milking</i> the kine."

<i>Gay.</i>

<blockquote>I have given suck, and know
How tender 't is to love the babe that <b>milks</b> me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw from the breasts or udder; to extract, as milk; <as>as, to <ex>milk</ex> wholesome milk from healthy cows</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To draw anything from, as if by milking; to compel to yield profit or advantage; to plunder.</def>

<i>Tyndale.</i>

<blockquote>They [the lawyers] <b>milk</b> an unfortunate estate as regularly as a dairyman does his stock.
<i>London Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To milk the street</col>, <cd>to squeeze the smaller operators in stocks and extract a profit from them, by alternately raising and depressing prices within a short range; -- said of the large dealers.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>To milk a telegram</col>, <cd>to use for one's own advantage the contents of a telegram belonging to another person. <mark>[Cant]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Milk</h1>
<Xpage=924>

<hw>Milk</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To draw or to yield milk.</def>

<h1>Milken</h1>
<Xpage=924>

<hw>Milk"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of milk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Milker</h1>
<Xpage=924>

<hw>Milk"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who milks; also, a mechanical apparatus for milking cows.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cow or other animal that gives milk.</def>

<h1>Milkful</h1>
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<hw>Milk"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of milk; abounding with food.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Milkful</i> vales."

<i>Sylvester.</i>

<h1>Milkily</h1>
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<hw>Milk"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a milky manner.</def>

<h1>Milkiness</h1>
<Xpage=924>

<hw>Milk"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or quality of being milky.</def>

<h1>Milk-livered</h1>
<Xpage=924>

<hw>Milk"-liv`ered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>White-livered; cowardly; timorous.</def>

<h1>Milkmaid</h1>
<Xpage=924>

<hw>Milk"maid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who milks cows or is employed in the dairy.</def>

<h1>Milkman</h1>
<Xpage=924>

<hw>Milk"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Milkmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man who sells milk or delivers is to customers.</def>

<h1>Milksop</h1>
<Xpage=924>

<hw>Milk"sop`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A piece of bread sopped in milk; figuratively, an effeminate or weak-minded person.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>To wed a <b>milksop</b> or a coward ape.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Milk vetch</h1>
<Xpage=924>

<hw>Milk" vetch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leguminous herb (<spn>Astragalus glycyphyllos</spn>) of Europe and Asia, supposed to increase the secretion of milk in goats.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is sometimes taken for the whole genus <spn>Astragalus</spn>, of which there are about two hundred species in North America, and even more elsewhere.</note>

<h1>Milkweed</h1>
<Xpage=924>

<hw>Milk"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the genera <i>Asclepias</i> and <i>Acerates</i>, abounding in a milky juice, and having its seed attached to a long silky down; silkweed. The name is also applied to several other plants with a milky juice, as to several kinds of spurge.</def>

<h1>Milkwort</h1>
<Xpage=924>

<hw>Milk"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants (<spn>Polygala</spn>) of many species. The common European <spn>P. vulgaris</spn> was supposed to have the power of producing a flow of milk in nurses.</def>

<note>&hand; The species of <spn>Campanula</spn>, or bellflower, are sometimes called <i>milkwort</i>, from their juice.</note>

<h1>Milky</h1>
<Xpage=924>

<hw>Milk"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of, or containing, milk.</def>

<blockquote>Pails high foaming with a <b>milky</b> flood.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Like, or somewhat like, milk; whitish and turbid; <as>as, the water is <ex>milky</ex>. "<ex>Milky</ex> juice."</as></def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Yielding milk.</def> "<i>Milky</i> mothers."

<i>Roscommon.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Mild; tame; spiritless.</def>

<blockquote>Has friendship such a faint and <b>milky</b> heart?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Milky Way</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Galaxy</er>, 1.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mill</h1>
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<hw>Mill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mille</ets> a thousand. Cf. <er>Mile</er>.]</ety> <def>A money of account of the United States, having the value of the tenth of a cent, or the thousandth of a dollar.</def>

<h1>Mill</h1>
<Xpage=924>

<hw>Mill</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mille</ets>, <ets>melle</ets>, <ets>mulle</ets>, <ets>milne</ets>, AS. <ets>myln</ets>, <ets>mylen</ets>; akin to D. <ets>molen</ets>, G. <ets>m\'81hle</ets>, OHG. <ets>mul\'c6</ets>, <ets>mul\'c6n</ets>, Icel. <ets>mylna</ets>; all prob. from L. <ets>molina</ets>, fr. <ets>mola</ets> millstone; prop., that which grinds, akin to <ets>molere</ets> to grind, Goth. <ets>malan</ets>, G. <ets>mahlen</ets>, and to E. <ets>meal</ets>. <?/<?/<?/<?/. See <ets>Meal</ets> flour, and cf. <er>Moline</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A machine for grinding or commuting any substance, as grain, by rubbing and crushing it between two hard, rough, or intented surfaces; <as>as, a grist<ex>mill</ex>, a coffee <ex>mill</ex>; a bone <ex>mill</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A machine used for expelling the juice, sap, etc., from vegetable tissues by pressure, or by pressure in combination with a grinding, or cutting process; <as>as, a cider <ex>mill</ex>; a cane <ex>mill</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A machine for grinding and polishing; <as>as, a lapidary <ex>mill</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A common name for various machines which produce a manufactured product, or change the form of a raw material by the continuous repetition of some simple action; <as>as, a saw<ex>mill</ex>; a stamping <ex>mill</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A building or collection of buildings with machinery by which the processes of manufacturing are carried on; <as>as, a cotton <ex>mill</ex>; a powder <ex>mill</ex>; a rolling <ex>mill</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Die Sinking)</fld> <def>A hardened steel roller having a design in relief, used for imprinting a reversed copy of the design in a softer metal, as copper.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An excavation in rock, transverse to the workings, from which material for filling is obtained.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A passage underground through which ore is shot.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A milling cutter. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Milling</er>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A pugilistic.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<i>R. D. Blackmore.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Edge mill</col>, <col>Flint mill</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Edge</er>, <er>Flint</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Mill bar</col> <fld>(Iron Works)</fld>, <cd>a rough bar rolled or drawn directly from a bloom or puddle bar for conversion into merchant iron in the mill.</cd> -- <col>Mill cinder</col>, <cd>slag from a puddling furnace.</cd> -- <col>Mill head</col>, <cd>the head of water employed to turn the wheel of a mill.</cd> -- <col>Mill pick</col>, <cd>a pick for dressing millstones.</cd> -- <col>Mill pond</col>, <cd>a pond that supplies the water for a mill.</cd> -- <col>Mill race</col>, <cd>the canal in which water is conveyed to a mill wheel, or the current of water which drives the wheel.</cd> -- <col>Mill tail</col>, <cd>the water which flows from a mill wheel after turning it, or the channel in which the water flows.</cd> -- <col>Mill tooth</col>, <cd>a grinder or molar tooth.</cd> -- <col>Mill wheel</col>, <cd>the water wheel that drives the machinery of a mill.</cd> -- <col>Roller mill</col>, <cd>a mill in which flour or meal is made by crushing grain between rollers.</cd> -- <col>Stamp mill</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a mill in which ore is crushed by stamps.</cd> -- <col>To go through the mill</col>, <cd>to experience the suffering or discipline necessary to bring one to a certain degree of knowledge or skill, or to a certain mental state.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mill</h1>
<Xpage=924>

<hw>Mill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Milled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Milling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Mill</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Muller</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce to fine particles, or to small pieces, in a mill; to grind; to comminute.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To shape, finish, or transform by passing through a machine; specifically, to shape or dress, as metal, by means of a rotary cutter.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make a raised border around the edges of, or to cut fine grooves or indentations across the edges of, as of a coin, or a screw head; also, to stamp in a coining press; to coin.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To pass through a fulling mill; to full, as cloth.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To beat with the fists.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To roll into bars, as steel.</def>

<cs><col>To mill chocolate</col>, <cd>to make it frothy, as by churning.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mill</h1>
<Xpage=924>

<hw>Mill</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>To swim under water; -- said of air-breathing creatures.</def>

<h1>Millboard</h1>
<Xpage=924>

<hw>Mill"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of stout pasteboard.</def>

<h1>Mill-cake</h1>
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<hw>Mill"-cake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The incorporated materials for gunpowder, in the form of a dense mass or cake, ready to be subjected to the process of granulation.</def>

<h1>Milldam</h1>
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<hw>Mill"dam`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dam or mound to obstruct a water course, and raise the water to a height sufficient to turn a mill wheel.</def>

<h1>Milled</h1>
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<hw>Milled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having been subjected to some process of milling.</def>

<cs><col>Milled cloth</col>, <cd>cloth that has been beaten in a fulling mill.</cd> -- <col>Milled lead</col>, <cd>lead rolled into sheets.</cd></cs>

<h1>Millefiore glass</h1>
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<hw>Mil`le*fi*o"re glass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[It. <ets>mille</ets> thousand + <ets>flore</ets> flower.]</ety> <def>Slender rods or tubes of colored glass fused together and embedded in clear glass; -- used for paperweights and other small articles.</def>

<h1>Milenarian</h1>
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<hw>Mi`le*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Millenary</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of a thousand years; of or pertaining to the millennium, or to the Millenarians.</def>

<h1>Milenarian</h1>
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<hw>Mi`le*na"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes that Christ will personally reign on earth a thousand years; a Chiliast.</def>

<h1>Milenarianism, Milenarism</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mi`le*na"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mi"le*na*rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine of Millenarians.</def>

<h1>Millenary</h1>
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<hw>Mil"le*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>millenarius</ets>, fr. <ets>milleni</ets> a thousand each, fr. <ets>mille</ets> a thousand: cf. F. <ets>mill\'82naire</ets>. See <er>Mile</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of a thousand; millennial.</def>

<h1>Millenary</h1>
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<hw>Mil"le*na*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The space of a thousand years; a millennium; also, a <er>Millenarian</er>.</def>"During that <i>millenary</i>."

<i>Hare.</i>

<h1>Millennial</h1>
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<hw>Mil*len"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the millennium, or to a thousand years; <as>as, a <ex>millennial</ex> period; <ex>millennial</ex> happiness.</as></def>

<h1>Millennialist</h1>
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<hw>Mil*len"ni*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes that Christ will reign personally on earth a thousand years; a Chiliast; also, a believer in the universal prevalence of Christianity for a long period.</def>

<h1>Millennialism, Millenniarism</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mil*len"ni*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mil*len"ni*a*rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Belief in, or expectation of, the millennium; millenarianism.</def>

<h1>Millennist</h1>
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<hw>Mil"len*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes in the millennium.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Millennium</h1>
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<hw>Mil*len"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., fr. L. <ets>mille</ets> a thousand + <ets>annus</ets> a year. See <er>Mile</er>, and <er>Annual</er>.]</ety> <def>A thousand years; especially, thousand years mentioned in the twentieth chapter in the twentieth chapter of Revelation, during which holiness is to be triumphant throughout the world. Some believe that, during this period, Christ will reign on earth in person with his saints.</def>

<h1>Milleped</h1>
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<hw>Mil"le*ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>millepeda</ets>; <ets>mille</ets> a thousand + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot: cf. F. <ets>mille-pieds</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A myriapod with many legs, esp. a chilognath, as the galleyworm.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>millipede</asp> and <asp>milliped</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Millepora</h1>
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<hw>Mil*le*po"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of Hydrocorallia, which includes the millipores.</def>

<h1>Millepore</h1>
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<hw>Mil"le*pore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mille</ets> thousand + <ets>porus</ets> pore: cf. F. <ets>mill\'82pore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any coral of the genus Millepora, having the surface nearly smooth, and perforated with very minute unequal pores, or cells. The animals are hydroids, not Anthozoa. See <er>Hydrocorallia</er>.</def>

<h1>Milleporite</h1>
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<hw>Mil"le*po*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil millepore.</def>

<h1>Miller</h1>
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<hw>Mill"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who keeps or attends a flour mill or gristmill.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A milling machine.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A moth or lepidopterous insect; -- so called because the wings appear as if covered with white dust or powder, like a miller's clothes. Called also <altname>moth miller</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The eagle ray.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The hen harrier.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>Miller's thumb</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small fresh-water fish of the genus <spn>Uranidea</spn> (formerly <spn>Cottus</spn>), as the European species (<spn>U. gobio</spn>), and the American (<spn>U. gracilis</spn>); -- called also <altname>bullhead</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A small bird, as the gold-crest, chiff-chaff, and long-tailed tit</cd>. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Millerite</h1>
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<hw>Mil"ler*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A believer in the doctrine of William <i>Miller</i> (d. 1849), who taught that the end of the world and the second coming of Christ were at hand.</def>

<h1>Millerite</h1>
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<hw>Mil"ler*ite</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From W. H. <ets>Miller</ets>, of Cambridge, Eng.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A sulphide of nickel, commonly occurring in delicate capillary crystals, also in incrustations of a bronze yellow; -- sometimes called <i>hair pyrites</i>.</def>

<h1>Millesimal</h1>
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<hw>Mil*les"i*mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>millesimus</ets>, fr. <ets>mille</ets> a thousand.]</ety> <def>Thousandth; consisting of thousandth parts; <as>as, <ex>millesimal</ex> fractions</as>.</def>

<h1>Millet</h1>
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<hw>Mil"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>mil</ets>, L. <ets>milium</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/, AS. <ets>mil</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of several cereal and forage grasses which bear an abundance of small roundish grains. The common millets of Germany and Southern Europe are <spn>Panicum miliaceum</spn>, and <spn>Setaria Italica</spn>.</def>
<-- all species in this note are subtypes -->
<note>&hand; <col>Arabian millet</col> is <spn>Sorghum Halepense</spn>. -- <col>Egyptian</col> <i>or</i> <col>East Indian</col>, <col>millet</col> is <spn>Penicillaria spicata</spn>. -- <col>Indian millet</col> is <spn>Sorghum vulgare</spn>. (See under <er>Indian</er>.) -- <col>Italian millet</col> is <spn>Setaria Italica</spn>, a coarse, rank-growing annual grass, valuable for fodder when cut young, and bearing nutritive seeds; -- called also <altname>Hungarian grass</altname>. -- <col>Texas millet</col> is <spn>Panicum Texanum</spn>. -- <col>Wild millet</col>, <i>or</i> <col>Millet grass</col>, is <spn>Milium effusum</spn>, a tail grass growing in woods.</note>

<h1>Milli-</h1>
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<hw>Mil"li-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From L. <ets>mille</ets> a thousand.]</ety> <fld>(Metric System, Elec., Mech., etc.)</fld> <def>A prefix denoting a <i>thousandth part of</i>; <as>as, <ex>milli</ex>meter, <ex>milli</ex>gram, <ex>milli</ex>amp\'8are</as>.</def>

<h1>Milliamp\'8are</h1>
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<hw>Mil`li*am`p\'8are"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Milli-</ets> + <ets>amp\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The thousandth part of one amp\'8are.</def>

<h1>Milliard</h1>
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<hw>Mil`liard"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from <ets>mille</ets>, <ets>mil</ets>, thousand, L. <ets>mille</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thousand millions; -- called also <altname>billion</altname>.  See <er>Billion</er>.</def>

<h1>Milliary</h1>
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<hw>Mil"li*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>milliarius</ets> containing a thousand, fr. <ets>mille</ets> thousand: cf. F. <ets>milliaire</ets> milliary. See <er>Mile</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a mile, or to distance by miles; denoting a mile or miles.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>milliary</b> column, from which they used to compute the distance of all the cities and places of note.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Milliary</h1>
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<hw>Mil"li*a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Milliaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>milliarium</ets>. See <er>Milliary</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A milestone.</def>

<h1>Millier</h1>
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<hw>Mil`lier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>mille</ets> thousand.]</ety> <def>A weight of the metric system, being one million grams; a metric ton.</def>

<h1>Millifold</h1>
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<hw>Mil"li*fold`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mille</ets> thousand + E. <ets>fold</ets> times.]</ety> <def>Thousandfold.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Davies (Holy Roode).</i>

<h1>Milligram, Milligramme</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mil"li*gram</hw>, <hw>Mil"li*gramme</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>milligramme</ets>; <ets>milli-</ets> milli- + <ets>gramme</ets>. See 3d <er>Gram</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure of weight, in the metric system, being the thousandth part of a gram, equal to the weight of a cubic millimeter of water, or .01543 of a grain avoirdupois.</def>

<h1>Milliliter, Millilitre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mil"li*li`ter</hw>, <hw>Mil"li*li`tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>millilitre</ets>; <ets>milli-</ets> milli- + <ets>litre</ets>. See <er>Liter</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure of capacity in the metric system, containing the thousandth part of a liter. It is a cubic centimeter, and is equal to .061 of an English cubic inch, or to .0338 of an American fluid ounce.</def>

<h1>Millimeter, Millimetre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mil"li*me`ter</hw>, <hw>Mil"li*me`tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>millim\'8atre</ets>; <ets>milli-</ets> milli- + <ets>m\'8atre</ets>. See 3d <er>Meter</er>.]</ety> <def>A lineal measure in the metric system, containing the thousandth part of a meter; equal to .03937 of an inch. See 3d <er>Meter</er>.</def>

<h1>Milliner</h1>
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<hw>Mil"li*ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Milaner</ets> an inhabitant of <ets>Milan</ets>, in Italy; hence, a man from <ets>Milan</ets> who imported women's finery.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Formerly, a man who imported and dealt in small articles of a miscellaneous kind, especially such as please the fancy of women.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>No <b>milliner</b> can so fit his customers with gloves.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person, usually a woman, who makes, trims, or deals in hats, bonnets, headdresses, etc., for women.</def>

<cs><col>Man milliner</col>, <cd>a man who makes or deals in millinery; hence, contemptuously, a man who is busied with trifling occupations or embellishments.</cd></cs>

<h1>Millinery</h1>
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<hw>Mil"li*ner*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The articles made or sold by milliners, as headdresses, hats or bonnets, laces, ribbons, and the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The business of work of a milliner.</def>

<h1>Millinet</h1>
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<hw>Mil`li*net"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stiff cotton fabric used by milliners for lining bonnets.</def>

<h1>Milling</h1>
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<hw>Mill"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or employment of grinding or passing through a mill; the process of fulling; the process of making a raised or intented edge upon coin, etc.; the process of dressing surfaces of various shapes with rotary cutters. See <er>Mill</er>.</def>

<cs><col>High milling</col>, <cd>milling in which grain is reduced to flour by a succession of crackings, or of slight and partial crushings, alternately with sifting and sorting the product.</cd> -- <col>Low milling</col>, <cd>milling in which the reduction is effected in a single crushing or grinding.</cd> -- <col>Milling cutter</col>, <cd>a fluted, sharp-edged rotary cutter for dressing surfaces, as of metal, of various shapes.</cd> -- <col>Milling machine</col>, <cd>a machine tool for dressing surfaces by rotary cutters.</cd> -- <col>Milling tool</col>, <cd>a roller with indented edge or surface, for producing like indentations in metal by rolling pressure, as in turning; a knurling tool; a milling cutter.</cd></cs>

<h1>Million</h1>
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<hw>Mil"lion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from LL. <ets>millio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mille</ets> a thousand. See <er>Mile</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The number of ten hundred thousand, or a thousand thousand, -- written 1,000, 000. See the Note under <er>Hundred</er></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A very great number; an indefinitely large number.</def>

<blockquote><b>Millions</b> of truths that a man is not concerned to know.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The mass of common people; -- with the article <i>the</i>.</def>

<blockquote>For the play, I remember, pleased not the <b>million</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Millionaire</h1>
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<hw>Mil`lion*aire"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>millionnaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>One whose wealth is counted by millions of francs, dollars, or pounds; a very rich person; a person worth a million or more.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>millionnaire</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Millionairess</h1>
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<hw>Mil`lion*air"ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who is a millionaire, or the wife of a millionaire.</def> <mark>[Humorous]</mark>

<i>Holmes.</i>

<h1>Millionary</h1>
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<hw>Mil"lion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to millions; consisting of millions; <as>as, the <ex>millionary</ex> chronology of the pundits</as>.</def>

<i>Pinker<?/on.</i>

<h1>Millioned</h1>
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<hw>Mil"lioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Multiplied by millions; innumerable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Millionnaire</h1>
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<hw>Mil`lion`naire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Millionaire.</def>

<h1>Millionth</h1>
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<hw>Mil"lionth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being the last one of a million of units or objects counted in regular order from the first of a series or succession; being one of a million.</def>

<h1>Millionth</h1>
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<hw>Mil"lionth</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quotient of a unit divided by one million; one of a million equal parts.</def>

<h1>Milliped</h1>
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<hw>Mil"li*ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The same <er>Milleped</er>.</def>

<h1>Millistere</h1>
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<hw>Mil"li*stere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>millist\'8are</ets>, from <ets>milli-</ets> milli- + <ets>st\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>A liter, or cubic decimeter.</def>

<h1>Milliweber</h1>
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<hw>Mil`li*we"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Milli-</ets> + <ets>weber</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The thousandth part of one weber.</def>

<hr>
<page="925">
Page 925<p>

<h1>Millrea, Millree, Millreis</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mill"rea`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mill"ree`</hw>, <hw>Mill"reis`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Milreis</er>.</def>

<h1>Millrind, Millrynd</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mill"rind`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mill"rynd`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mill</ets> + <ets>rynd</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A figure supposed to represent the iron which holds a millstone by being set into its center.</def>

<h1>Mill-sixpence</h1>
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<hw>Mill"-sixpence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A milled sixpence; -- the sixpence being one of the first English coins milled (1561).</def>

<h1>Millstone</h1>
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<hw>Mill"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of two circular stones used for grinding grain or other substance.</def>

<blockquote>No man shall take the nether or the upper <b>millstone</b> to pledge.
<i>Deut. xxiv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The cellular siliceous rock called buhrstone is usually employed for millstones; also, some kinds of lava, as that Niedermendig, or other firm rock with rough texture. The surface of a millstone has usually a series of radial grooves in which the powdered material collects.</note>

<cs><col>Millstone girt</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a hard and coarse, gritty sandstone, dividing the Carboniferous from the Subcarboniferous strata. See <cref>Farewell rock</cref>, under <er>Farewell</er>, <tt>a.<tt>, and <i>Chart<i> of <er>Geology</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To see</col> <col>into, &or; through,</col> <col>a millstone</col></mcol>, <cd>to see into or through a difficult matter.</cd> <mark>(Colloq.)</mark></cs>

<h1>Millwork</h1>
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<hw>Mill"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The shafting, gearing, and other driving machinery of mils.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The business of setting up or of operating mill machinery.</def>

<h1>Millwright</h1>
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<hw>Mill"wright`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mechanic whose occupation is to build mills, or to set up their machinery.</def>

<h1>Milreis</h1>
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<hw>Mil"reis`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>mil reis</ets>, i. e., one thousand reis; <ets>mil</ets> a thousand + <ets>reis</ets>, pl. of <ets>real</ets> a rei.]</ety> <def>A Portuguese money of account rated in the treasury department of the United States at one dollar and eight cents; also, a Brazilian money of account rated at fifty-four cents and six mills.</def>

<h1>Milt</h1>
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<hw>Milt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>milte</ets>; akin to D. <ets>milt</ets>, G. <ets>milz</ets>, OHG. <ets>milzi</ets>, Icel. <ets>milti</ets>, Dan. <ets>milt</ets>, Sw. <ets>mj\'84lte</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>malt</ets>, <ets>melt</ets>. &root;108. See <er>Malt</er> the grain.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The spleen.</def>

<h1>Milt</h1>
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<hw>Milt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to Dan. <ets>melk</ets>, Sw. <ets>mj\'94lke</ets>, G. <ets>milch</ets>, and E. <ets>milk</ets>. See <er>Milk</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The spermatic fluid of fishes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The testes, or spermaries, of fishes when filled with spermatozoa.</def>

<h1>Milt</h1>
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<hw>Milt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To impregnate (the roe of a fish) with milt.</def>

<h1>Milter</h1>
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<hw>Milt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>milter</ets>, G. <ets>milcher</ets>, <ets>milchner</ets>. See 2d <er>Milt</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A male fish.</def>

<h1>Miltonian</h1>
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<hw>Mil*to"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Miltonic.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Miltonic</h1>
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<hw>Mil*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, Milton, or his writings; <as>as, <ex>Miltonic</ex> prose</as>.</def>

<h1>Miltwaste</h1>
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<hw>Milt"waste`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[1st <ets>milt</ets> + <ets>waste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small European fern (<spn>Asplenium Ceterach</spn>) formerly used in medicine.</def>

<h1>Milvine</h1>
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<hw>Mil"vine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>milvus</ets> kite.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or resembling birds of the kite kind.</def>

<h1>Milvine</h1>
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<hw>Mil"vine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird related to the kite.</def>

<h1>Milvus</h1>
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<hw>Mil"vus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a kite.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of raptorial birds, including the European kite.</def>

<h1>Mime</h1>
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<hw>Mime</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mimus</ets>, Gr. <?/, akin to <?/ to imitate, to mimic: cf. F. <ets>mime</ets>. Cf. <er>Mimosa</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of drama in which real persons and events were generally represented in a ridiculous manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An actor in such representations.</def>

<h1>Mime</h1>
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<hw>Mime</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To mimic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Mim"er</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>
<-- #-er endings not usually in the "wordform" format -->

<h1>Mimeograph</h1>
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<hw>Mim"e*o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to imitate + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An autographic stencil copying device invented by Edison.</def>

<h1>Mimesis</h1>
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<hw>Mi*me"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ imitation.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet. & Biol.)</fld> <def>Imitation; mimicry.</def>

<h1>Mimetene</h1>
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<hw>Mim"e*tene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mimetite</er>.</def>

<h1>Mimetic; 277, Mimetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mi*met"ic</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <hw>Mi*met"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw><ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to imitate.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Apt to imitate; given to mimicry; imitative.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Characterized by mimicry; -- applied to animals and plants; <as>as, <ex>mimetic</ex> species; <ex>mimetic</ex> organisms. See <er>Mimicry</er>.</as></def>

<h1>Mimetism</h1>
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<hw>Mim"e*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ to mimic.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Mimicry</er>.</def>

<h1>Mimetite</h1>
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<hw>Mim"e*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an imitator. So called because it resembles pyromorphite.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occurring in pale yellow or brownish hexagonal crystals. It is an arseniate of lead.</def>

<h1>Mimic, Mimical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mim"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mim"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mimicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ mime: cf. F. <ets>mimique</ets>. See <er>Mime</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Imitative; mimetic.</def>

<blockquote>Oft, in her absence, <b>mimic</b> fancy wakes
To imitate her.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Man is, of all creatures, the most <b>mimical</b>.
<i>W. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of, or formed by, imitation; imitated; <as>as, <ex>mimic</ex> gestures</as>.</def> "<i>Mimic</i> hootings."

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Imitative; characterized by resemblance to other forms; -- applied to crystals which by twinning resemble simple forms of a higher grade of symmetry.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Mimic</i> often implies something droll or ludicrous, and is less dignified than <i>imitative</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Mimic beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beetle that feigns death when disturbed, esp. the species of <spn>Hister</spn> and allied genera.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mimic</h1>
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<hw>Mim"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who imitates or mimics, especially one who does so for sport; a copyist; a buffoon.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Mimic</h1>
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<hw>Mim"ic</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mimicked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mimicking</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To imitate or ape for sport; to ridicule by imitation.</def>

<blockquote>The walk, the words, the gesture, could supply,
The habit <b>mimic</b>, and the mien belie.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To assume a resemblance to (some other organism of a totally different nature, or some surrounding object), as a means of protection or advantage.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To ape; imitate; counterfeit; mock.</syn>

<h1>Mimically</h1>
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<hw>Mim"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an imitative manner.</def>

<h1>Mimicker</h1>
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<hw>Mim"ick*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who mimics; a mimic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal which imitates something else, in form or habits.</def>

<h1>Mimicry</h1>
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<hw>Mim"ic*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of one who mimics; ludicrous imitation for sport or ridicule.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Protective resemblance; the resemblance which certain animals and plants exhibit to other animals and plants or to the natural objects among which they live, -- a characteristic which serves as their chief means of protection against enemies; imitation; mimesis; mimetism.</def>

<h1>Mimographer</h1>
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<hw>Mi*mog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mimographus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ a mime + <?/ to write: cf. F. <ets>mimographe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A writer of mimes.</def>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Mimosa</h1>
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<hw>Mi*mo"sa</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ imitator. Cf. <er>Mime</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of leguminous plants, containing many species, and including the sensitive plants (<spn>Mimosa sensitiva</spn>, and <spn>M. pudica</spn>).</def>

<note>&hand; The term <i>mimosa</i> is also applied in commerce to several kinds bark imported from Australia, and used in tanning; -- called also <altname>wattle bark</altname>.</note>

<i>Tomlinson.</i>

<h1>Mimotannic</h1>
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<hw>Mi`mo*tan"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mimo</ets>sa + <ets>tannic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a variety of tannin or tannic acid found in Acacia, Mimosa, etc.</def>

<h1>Mina</h1>
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<hw>Mi"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Min\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Minas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>An ancient weight or denomination of money, of varying value. The Attic mina was valued at a hundred drachmas.</def>

<h1>Mina</h1>
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<hw>Mi"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Myna</er>.</def>

<h1>Minable</h1>
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<hw>Min"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be mined; <as>as, <ex>minable</ex> earth</as>.</def>

<i>Sir T. North.</i>

<h1>Minacious</h1>
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<hw>Mi*na"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>minax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>. See <er>Menace</er>.]</ety> <def>Threatening; menacing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Minacity</h1>
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<hw>Mi*nac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disposition to threaten.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Minaret</h1>
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<hw>Min"a*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>minarete</ets>, Ar. <ets>man\'berat</ets> lamp, lantern, lighthouse, turret, fr. <ets>n\'ber</ets> to shine.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A slender, lofty tower attached to a mosque and surrounded by one or more projecting balconies, from which the summon to prayer is cried by the muezzin.</def>

<h1>Minargent</h1>
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<hw>Min*ar"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. contr. from alu<ets>min</ets>ium + L. <ets>argent</ets>um silver.]</ety> <def>An alloy consisting of copper, nickel, tungsten, and aluminium; -- used by jewelers.</def>

<h1>Minatorially, Minatorily</h1>
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<hw><hw>Min`a*to"ri*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Min"a*to*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a minatory manner; with threats.</def>

<h1>Minatory</h1>
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<hw>Min"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>minatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>minari</ets> to threaten. See <er>Menace</er>.]</ety> <def>Threatening; menacing.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Minaul</h1>
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<hw>Mi*naul"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Manul</er>.</def>

<h1>Mince</h1>
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<hw>Mince</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Minced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Minging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>minsian</ets> to grow less, dwindle, fr. <ets>min</ets> small; akin to G. <ets>minder</ets> less, Goth. <ets>minniza</ets> less, <ets>mins</ets> less, adv., L. <ets>minor</ets>, adj. (cf. <er>Minor</er>); or more likely fr. F. <ets>mincer</ets> to mince, prob. from (assumed) LL. <ets>minutiare</ets>. <?/<?/<?/<?/. See <er>Minish</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut into very small pieces; to chop fine; to hash; <as>as, to <ex>mince</ex> meat</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To suppress or weaken the force of; to extenuate; to palliate; to tell by degrees, instead of directly and frankly; to clip, as words or expressions; to utter half and keep back half of.</def>

<blockquote>I know no ways to <b>mince</b> it in love, but directly to say -- "I love you."
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Siren, now <b>mince</b> the sin,
And mollify damnation with a phrase.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If, to <b>mince</b> his meaning, I had either omitted some part of what he said, or taken from the strength of his expression, I certainly had wronged him.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To affect; to make a parade of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mince</h1>
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<hw>Mince</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To walk with short steps; to walk in a prim, affected manner.</def>

<blockquote>The daughters of Zion are haughty, and walk with stretched forth necks and wanton eyes,... <b>mincing</b> as they go.
<i>Is. iii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I 'll... turn two <b>mincing</b> steps
Into a manly stride.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act or talk with affected nicety; to affect delicacy in manner.</def>

<h1>Mince</h1>
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<hw>Mince</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A short, precise step; an affected manner.</def>

<h1>Mince-meat</h1>
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<hw>Mince"-meat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Minced meat; meat chopped very fine; a mixture of boiled meat, suet, apples, etc., chopped very fine, to which spices and raisins are added; -- used in making mince pie.</def>

<h1>Mince pie</h1>
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<hw>Mince" pie`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A pie made of mince-meat.</def>

<h1>Mincer</h1>
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<hw>Min"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who minces.</def>

<h1>Mincing</h1>
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<hw>Min"cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That minces; characterized by primness or affected nicety.</def>

<h1>Mincingly</h1>
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<hw>Min"cing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a mincing manner; not fully; with affected nicety.</def>

<h1>Mind</h1>
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<hw>Mind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>mynd</ets>, <ets>gemynd</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>minna</ets> memory, love, G. <ets>minne</ets> love, Dan. <ets>minde</ets> mind, memory, remembrance, consent, vote, Sw. <ets>minne</ets> memory, Icel. <ets>minni</ets>, Goth. <ets>gamunds</ets>, L. <ets>mens</ets>, <ets>mentis</ets>, mind, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>manas</ets> mind, <ets>man</ets> to think. <?/<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Comment</er>, <er>Man</er>, <er>Mean</er>, <tt>v.</tt>, 3d <er>Mental</er>, <er>Mignonette</er>, <er>Minion</er>, <er>Mnemonic</er>, <er>Money</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The intellectual or rational faculty in man; the understanding; the intellect; the power that conceives, judges, or reasons; also, the entire spiritual nature; the soul; -- often in distinction from the <i>body</i>.</def>

<blockquote>By the <b>mind</b> of man we understand that in him which thinks, remembers, reasons, wills.
<i>Reid.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What we mean by <b>mind</b> is simply that which perceives, thinks, feels, wills, and desires.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let every man be fully persuaded in his own <b>mind</b>.
<i>Rom. xiv. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>mind</b> shall banquet, though the body pine.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state, at any given time, of the faculties of thinking, willing, choosing, and the like; psychical activity or state; as: <sd>(a)</sd> Opinion; judgment; belief.</def>

<blockquote>A fool uttereth all his <b>mind</b>.
<i>Prov. xxix. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Being so hard to me that brought your <b>mind</b>, I fear she'll prove as hard to you in telling her <b>mind</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Choice; inclination; liking; intent; will</def>.

<blockquote>If it be your <b>minds</b>, then let none go forth.
<i>2 Kings ix. 15.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Courage; spirit</def>.

<i>Chapman.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Memory; remembrance; recollection; <as>as, to have or keep in <ex>mind</ex>, to call to <ex>mind</ex>, to put in <ex>mind</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>To have a mind</col> &or; <col>great mind</col></mcol>, <cd>to be inclined or strongly inclined in purpose; -- used with an infinitive. "Sir Roger de Coverly... told me that he <i>had a great mind<i> to see the new tragedy with me." <i>Addison</i>.</cd> -- <col>To lose one's mind</col>, <cd>to become insane, or imbecile.</cd> -- <col>To make up one's mind</col>, <cd>to come to an opinion or decision; to determine.</cd> -- <col>To put in mind</col>, <cd>to remind. "Regard us simply as <i>putting you in mind<i> of what you already know to be good policy." <i>Jowett (Thucyd. )</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mind</h1>
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<hw>Mind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Minded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Minding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>myndian</ets>, <ets>gemynd\'c6an</ets> to remember. See <er>Mind</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To fix the mind or thoughts on; to regard with attention; to treat as of consequence; to consider; to heed; to mark; to note.</def> "<i>Mind</i> not high things, but condescend to men of low estate."

<i>Rom. xii. 16.</i>

<blockquote>My lord, you nod: you do not <b>mind</b> the play.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To occupy one's self with; to employ one's self about; to attend to; <as>as, to <ex>mind</ex> one's business</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Bidding him be a good child, and <b>mind</b> his book.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To obey; <as>as, to <ex>mind</ex> parents; the dog <ex>minds</ex> his master.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To have in mind; to purpose.</def>

<i>Beaconsfield.</i>

<blockquote>I <b>mind</b> to tell him plainly what I think.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To put in mind; to remind.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<blockquote>He <b>minded</b> them of the mutability of all earthly things.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I do thee wrong to <b>mind</b> thee of it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Never mind</col>, <cd>do not regard it; it is of no consequence; no matter.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To notice; mark; regard; obey. See <er>Attend</er>.</syn>

<h1>Mind</h1>
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<hw>Mind</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To give attention or heed; to obey; <as>as, the dog <ex>minds</ex> well</as>.</def>

<h1>Minded</h1>
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<hw>Mind"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disposed; inclined; having a mind.</def>

<blockquote>Joseph... was <b>minded</b> to put her away privily.
<i>Matt. i. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If men were <b>minded</b> to live virtuously.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Minded</i> is much used in composition; as, high-<i>minded</i>, feeble-<i>minded</i>, sober-<i>minded</i>, double-<i>minded</i>.</note>

<h1>Minder</h1>
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<hw>Mind"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who minds, tends, or watches something, as a child, a machine, or cattle; <as>as, a <ex>minder</ex> of a loom</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One to be attended; specif., a pauper child intrusted to the care of a private person.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Mindful</h1>
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<hw>Mind"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bearing in mind; regardful; attentive; heedful; observant.</def>

<blockquote>What is man, that thou art <b>mindful</b> of him?
<i>Ps. viii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I promise you to be <b>mindful</b> of your admonitions.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Mind"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mind"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Minding</h1>
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<hw>Mind"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Regard; mindfulness.</def>

<h1>Mindless</h1>
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<hw>Mind"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not indued with mind or intellectual powers; stupid; unthinking.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unmindful; inattentive; heedless; careless.</def>

<blockquote>Cursed Athens, <b>mindless</b> of thy worth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mine</h1>
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<hw>Mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Mien</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mine</h1>
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<hw>Mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron. & a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>min</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>m\'c6n</ets>; akin to D. <ets>mijn</ets>, OS., OFries., & OHG. <ets>m\'c6n</ets>, G. <ets>mein</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>min</ets>, Icel. <ets>minn</ets>, Goth. <ets>meins</ets> my, mine, <ets>meina</ets> of me, and E. <ets>me</ets>. <?/<?/<?/<?/. See <er>Me</er>, and cf. <er>My</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to me; my. Used as a pronominal to me; my. Used as a pronominal adjective in the predicate; <as>as, "Vengeance is <ex>mine</ex>; I will repay." <i>Rom. xii. 19</i></as>. Also, in the old style, used attributively, instead of <i>my</i>, before a noun beginning with a vowel.</def>

<blockquote>I kept myself from <b>mine</b> iniquity.
<i>Ps. xviii. 23.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Mine</i> is often used absolutely, the thing possessed being understood; as, his son is in the army, <i>mine</i> in the navy.</note>

<blockquote>When a man deceives me once, says the Italian proverb, it is his fault; when twice, it is <b>mine</b>.
<i>Bp. Horne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This title honors me and <b>mine</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She shall have me and <b>mine</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mine</h1>
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<hw>Mine</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>miner</ets>, L. <ets>minare</ets> to drive animals, in LL. also, to lead, conduct, dig a mine (cf. E. <ets>lode</ets>, and <ets>lead</ets> to conduct), akin to L. <ets>minari</ets> to threaten; cf. Sp. <ets>mina</ets> mine, conduit, subterraneous canal, a spring or source of water, It. <ets>mina</ets>. See <er>Menace</er>, and cf. <er>Mien</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To dig a mine or pit in the earth; to get ore, metals, coal, or precious stones, out of the earth; to dig in the earth for minerals; to dig a passage or cavity under anything in order to overthrow it by explosives or otherwise.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form subterraneous tunnel or hole; to form a burrow or lodge in the earth; <as>as, the <ex>mining</ex> cony</as>.</def>

<h1>Mine</h1>
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<hw>Mine</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mining</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To dig away, or otherwise remove, the substratum or foundation of; to lay a mine under; to sap; to undermine; hence, to ruin or destroy by slow degrees or secret means.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>mined</b> the walls.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Too lazy to cut down these immense trees, the spoilers... had <b>mined</b> them, and placed a quantity of gunpowder in the cavity.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dig into, for ore or metal.</def>

<blockquote>Lead veins have been traced... but they have not been <b>mined</b>.
<i>Ure.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To get, as metals, out of the earth by digging.</def>

<blockquote>The principal ore <b>mined</b> there is the bituminous cinnabar.
<i>Ure.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mine</h1>
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<hw>Mine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>mina</ets>. See <er>Mine</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A subterranean cavity or passage</def>; especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A pit or excavation in the earth, from which metallic ores, precious stones, coal, or other mineral substances are taken by digging; -- distinguished from the pits from which stones for architectural purposes are taken, and which are called <i>quarries</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A cavity or tunnel made under a fortification or other work, for the purpose of blowing up the superstructure with some explosive agent.</def>

<hr>
<page="926">
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<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any place where ore, metals, or precious stones are got by digging or washing the soil; <as>as, a placer <ex>mine</ex></as>.</def><-- esp. in <cref>gold mine</cref> -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: A rich source of wealth or other good.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Mine dial</col>, <cd>a form of magnetic compass used by miners.</cd> -- <col>Mine pig</col>, <cd>pig iron made wholly from ore; in distinction from <i>cinder pig<i>, which is made from ore mixed with forge or mill cinder.</cd></cs><-- gold mine: (a) a mine where gold is obtained. (b) (Fig.) a rich source of wealth or other good (Mine 3.). -->

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Miner</h1>
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<hw>Min"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mineur</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who mines; a digger for metals, etc.; one engaged in the business of getting ore, coal, or precious stones, out of the earth; one who digs military mines; <as>as, armies have sappers and <ex>miners</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any of numerous insects which, in the larval state, excavate galleries in the parenchyma of leaves. They are mostly minute moths and dipterous flies.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The chattering, or garrulous, honey eater of Australia (<spn>Myzantha garrula</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>Miner's elbow</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a swelling on the black of the elbow due to inflammation of the bursa over the olecranon; -- so called because of frequent occurrence in miners.</cd> -- <col>Miner's inch</col>, <cd>in hydraulic mining, the amount of water flowing under a given pressure in a given time through a hole one inch in diameter. It is a unit for measuring the quantity of water supplied.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mineral</h1>
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<hw>Min"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>min\'82ral</ets>, LL. <ets>minerale</ets>, fr. <ets>minera</ets> mine. See <er>Mine</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An inorganic species or substance occurring in nature, having a definite chemical composition and usually a distinct crystalline form. Rocks, except certain glassy igneous forms, are either simple minerals or aggregates of minerals.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything which is neither animal nor vegetable, as in the most general classification of things into three kingdoms (animal, vegetable, and mineral).</def>

<h1>Mineral</h1>
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<hw>Min"er*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to minerals; consisting of a mineral or of minerals; <as>as, a <ex>mineral</ex> substance</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Impregnated with minerals; <as>as, <ex>mineral</ex> waters</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Mineral acids</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>inorganic acids, as sulphuric, nitric, phosphoric, hydrochloric, acids, etc., as distinguished from the <i>organic acids<i>.</cd> -- <col>Mineral blue</col>, <cd>the name usually given to azurite, when reduced to an impalpable powder for coloring purposes.</cd> -- <col>Mineral candle</col>, <cd>a candle made of paraffine.</cd> -- <col>Mineral caoutchouc</col>, <cd>an elastic mineral pitch, a variety of bitumen, resembling caoutchouc in elasticity and softness. See <er>Caoutchouc</er>, and <er>Elaterite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mineral chameleon</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Chameleon mineral</cref>, under <er>Chameleon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mineral charcoal</col>. <cd>See under <er>Charcoal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mineral cotton</col>. <cd>See <cref>Mineral wool</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Mineral green</col>, <cd>a green carbonate of copper; malachite.</cd> -- <col>Mineral kingdom</col> <fld>(Nat. Sci.)</fld>, <cd>that one of the three grand divisions of nature which embraces all inorganic objects, as distinguished from plants or animals.</cd> -- <col>Mineral oil</col>. <cd>See <er>Naphtha</er>, and <er>Petroleum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mineral paint</col>, <cd>a pigment made chiefly of some natural mineral substance, as red or yellow iron ocher.</cd> -- <col>Mineral patch</col>. <cd>See <er>Bitumen</er>, and <er>Asphalt</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mineral right</col>, <cd>the right of taking minerals from land.</cd> -- <col>Mineral salt</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a salt of a mineral acid.</cd> -- <col>Mineral tallow</col>, <cd>a familiar name for <altname>hatchettite</altname>, from its fatty or spermaceti-like appearance.</cd> -- <col>Mineral water</col>. <cd>See under <er>Water</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mineral wax</col>. <cd>See <er>Ozocerite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mineral wool</col>, <cd>a fibrous wool-like material, made by blowing a powerful jet of air or steam through melted slag. It is a poor conductor of heat.</cd></cs><-- = glass wool? Also used in sound insulation. -->

<h1>Mineralist</h1>
<Xpage=926>

<hw>Min"er*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>min\'82raliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in minerals; mineralogist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mineralization</h1>
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<hw>Min`er*al*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>min\'82ralisation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The process of mineralizing, or forming a mineral by combination of a metal with another element; also, the process of converting into a mineral, as a bone or a plant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of impregnating with a mineral, as water.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The conversion of a cell wall into a material of a stony nature.</def>

<h1>Mineralize</h1>
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<hw>Min"er*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mineralized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mineralizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>min\'82raliser</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To transform into a mineral.</def>

<blockquote>In these caverns the bones are not <b>mineralized</b>.
<i>Buckland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To impregnate with a mineral; <as>as, <ex>mineralized</ex> water</as>.</def>

<h1>Mineralize</h1>
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<hw>Min"er*al*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To go on an excursion for observing and collecting minerals; to mineralogize.</def>

<h1>Mineralizer</h1>
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<hw>Min"er*al*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An element which is combined with a metal, thus forming an ore. Thus, in galena, or lead ore, sulphur is a <i>mineralizer</i>; in hematite, oxygen is a <i>mineralizer</i>.</def>

<h1>Mineralogical</h1>
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<hw>Min`er*al*og"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>min\'82ralogique</ets>. See <er>Mineralogy</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to mineralogy; <as>as, a <ex>mineralogical</ex> table</as>.</def>

<h1>Mineralogically</h1>
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<hw>Min`er*al*og"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to the principles of, or with reference to, mineralogy.</def>

<h1>Mineralogist</h1>
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<hw>Min`er*al"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>min\'82ralogiste</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One versed in mineralogy; one devoted to the study of minerals.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carrier shell (<spn>Phorus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Mineralogize</h1>
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<hw>Min`er*al"o*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To study mineralogy by collecting and examining minerals.</def>

<i>Miss Edgeworth.</i>

<h1>Mineralogy</h1>
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<hw>Min`er*al"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mineralogies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Mineral</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>min\'82ralogie</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The science which treats of minerals, and teaches how to describe, distinguish, and classify them.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A treatise or book on this science.</def>

<-- minerology, minerological = misspelling for mineralogy, mineralogical -->

<h1>Minerva</h1>
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<hw>Mi*ner"va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>The goddess of wisdom, of war, of the arts and sciences, of poetry, and of spinning and weaving; -- identified with the Grecian Pallas Athene.</def>

<h1>Minette</h1>
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<hw>Mi*nette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The smallest of regular sizes of portrait photographs.</def>

<h1>Minever</h1>
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<hw>Min"e*ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Miniver</er>.</def>

<h1>Minge</h1>
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<hw>Minge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>myngian</ets>; akin to E. <ets>mind</ets>.]</ety> <def>To mingle; to mix.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Minge</h1>
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<hw>Minge</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. corrupt. fr. <ets>midge</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small biting fly; a midge.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Mingle</h1>
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<hw>Min"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mingled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mingling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From OE. <ets>mengen</ets>, AS. <ets>mengan</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>mengen</ets>, Icel. <ets>menga</ets>, also to E. <ets>among</ets>, and possibly to <ets>mix</ets>. Cf. <er>Among</er>, <er>Mongrel</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To mix; intermix; to combine or join, as an individual or part, with other parts, but commonly so as to be distinguishable in the product; to confuse; to confound.</def>

<blockquote>There was... fire <b>mingled</b> with the hail.
<i>Ex. ix. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To associate or unite in society or by ties of relationship; to cause or allow to intermarry; to intermarry.</def>

<blockquote>The holy seed have <b>mingled</b> themselves with the people of those lands.
<i>Ezra ix. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deprive of purity by mixture; to contaminate.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>mingled</b>, imperfect virtue.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To put together; to join.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To make or prepare by mixing the ingredients of.</def>

<blockquote>[He] proceeded to <b>mingle</b> another draught.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mingle</h1>
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<hw>Min"gle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become mixed or blended.</def>

<h1>Mingle</h1>
<Xpage=926>

<hw>Min"gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mixture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Mingleable</h1>
<Xpage=926>

<hw>Min"gle*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That can be mingled.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Mingledly</h1>
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<hw>Min"gled*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Confusedly.</def>

<h1>Mingle-mangle</h1>
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<hw>Min"gle-man`gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Reduplicated fr. <ets>mingle</ets>.]</ety> <def>To mix in a disorderly way; to make a mess of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Mingle-mangle</h1>
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<hw>Min"gle-man`gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hotchpotch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Minglement</h1>
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<hw>Min"gle*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of mingling, or the state of being mixed.</def>

<h1>Mingler</h1>
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<hw>Min"gler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who mingles.</def>

<h1>Minglingly</h1>
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<hw>Min"gling*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a mingling manner.</def>

<h1>Minaceous</h1>
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<hw>Min`*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the color of minium or red lead; miniate.</def>

<h1>Miniard</h1>
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<hw>Min"iard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Migniard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Miniardize</h1>
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<hw>Min"iard*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render delicate or dainty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Miniate</h1>
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<hw>Min"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Miniated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Miniating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>miniatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>miniare</ets>. See <er>Minium</er>.]</ety> <def>To paint or tinge with red lead or vermilion; also, to decorate with letters, or the like, painted red, as the page of a manuscript.</def>

<i>T. Wharton.</i>

<h1>Miniate</h1>
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<hw>Min"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the color of red lead or vermilion; painted with vermilion.</def>

<h1>Miniature</h1>
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<hw>Min"i*a*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>miniatura</ets>, fr. L. <ets>miniare</ets>. See <er>Miniate</er>, <tt>v.</tt>,<er>Minium</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, a painting in colors such as those in medi\'91val manuscripts; in modern times, any very small painting, especially a portrait.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Greatly diminished size or form; reduced scale.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lettering in red; rubric distinction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A particular feature or trait.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Miniature</h1>
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<hw>Min"i*a*ture</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being on a small; much reduced from the reality; <as>as, a <ex>miniature</ex> copy</as>.</def>

<h1>Miniature</h1>
<Xpage=926>

<hw>Min"i*a*ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To represent or depict in a small compass, or on a small scale.</def>

<h1>Miniaturist</h1>
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<hw>Min"i*a*tur`ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A painter of miniatures.</def>

<h1>Minibus</h1>
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<hw>Min"i*bus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>minor</ets> less + <ets>-bus</ets>, as in <ets>omnibus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of light passenger vehicle, carrying four persons.</def>

<h1>Minie ball</h1>
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<hw>Min"ie ball`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From the inventor, Captain <ets>Mini\'82</ets>, of France.]</ety> <def>A conical rifle bullet, with a cavity in its base plugged with a piece of iron, which, by the explosion of the charge, is driven farther in, expanding the sides to fit closely the grooves of the barrel.</def>

<h1>Minie rifle</h1>
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<hw>Min"ie ri"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A rifle adapted to minie balls.</def>

<h1>Minify</h1>
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<hw>Min"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Minified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Minifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>minor</ets> less + <ets>-fly</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make small, or smaller; to diminish the apparent dimensions of; to lessen.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To degrade by speech or action.</def>

<h1>Minikin</h1>
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<hw>Min"i*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OD. <ets>minneken</ets> a darling, dim. of <ets>minne</ets> love; akin to G. <ets>minne</ets>, and to E. <ets>mind</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A little darling; a favorite; a minion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Florio.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A little pin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Minikin</h1>
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<hw>Min"i*kin</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Small; diminutive.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Minim</h1>
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<hw>Min"im</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>minime</ets>, L. <ets>minimus</ets> the least, smallest, a superl. of <ets>minor</ets>: cf. It. <ets>minima</ets> a note in music. See <er>Minor</er>, and cf. <ets>Minimum</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything very minute; <as>as, the <ex>minims</ex> of existence</as>; -- applied to animalcula; and the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The smallest liquid measure, equal to about one drop; the sixtieth part of a fluid drachm.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fish; a minnow.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A little man or being; a dwarf.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of an austere order of mendicant hermits of friars founded in the 15th century by St. Francis of Paola.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A time note, formerly the shortest in use; a half note, equal to half a semibreve, or two quarter notes or crotchets.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A short poetical encomium.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Minim</h1>
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<hw>Min"im</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Minute.</def> "<i>Minim</i> forms."

<i>J. R. Drake.</i>

<h1>Miniment</h1>
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<hw>Min"i*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. corrupt. of <ets>moniment</ets>.]</ety> <def>A trifle; a trinket; a token.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Minimization</h1>
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<hw>Min`i*mi*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of minimizing.</def>

<i>Bentham.</i>

<h1>Minimize</h1>
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<hw>Min"i*mize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Minimized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Minimizimg</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To reduce to the smallest part or proportion possible; to reduce to a minimum.</def>

<i>Bentham.</i>

<h1>Minimum</h1>
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<hw>Min"i*mum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Minima</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>minimus</ets>. See <er>Minim</er>.]</ety> <def>The least quantity assignable, admissible, or possible, in a given case; hence, a thing of small consequence; -- opposed to <ant>maximum</ant>.</def>

<h1>Minimum thermometer</h1>
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<hw>Minimum thermometer</hw><def>, a thermometer for recording the lowest temperature since its last adjustment.</def>

<h1>Minimus</h1>
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<hw>Min"i*mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Minimi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Minim</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A being of the smallest size.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The little finger; the fifth digit, or that corresponding to it, in either the manus or pes.</def>

<h1>Mining</h1>
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<hw>Min"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mine</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>The act or business of making mines or of working them.</def>

<h1>Mining</h1>
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<hw>Min"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to mines; <as>as, <ex>mining</ex> engineer; <ex>mining</ex> machinery; a <ex>mining</ex> region.</as></def>

<cs><col>Mining engineering</col>. <cd>See the Note under <er>Engineering</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Minion</h1>
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<hw>Min"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Minimum.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Minion</h1>
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<hw>Min"ion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mignon</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>minni</ets> love, G. <ets>minne</ets>; akin to E. <ets>mind</ets>. See <er>Mind</er>, and cf. <er>Mignonette</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A loved one; one highly esteemed and favored; -- in a good sense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>God's disciple and his dearest <b>minion</b>.
<i>Sylvester.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Is this the Athenian <b>minion</b> whom the world
Voiced so regardfully?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An obsequious or servile dependent or agent of another; a fawning favorite.</def>

<i>Sir J. Davies.</i>

<blockquote>Go, rate thy <b>minions</b>, proud, insulting boy!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A small kind of type, in size between brevier and nonpareil.</def>

&hand; <miniontype>This line is printed in <it>minion</it> type.</miniontype>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An ancient form of ordnance, the caliber of which was about three inches.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Minion</h1>
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<hw>Min"ion</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Minion</er>.]</ety> <def>Fine; trim; dainty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Their... <i>minion</i> dancing."

<i>Fryth.</i>

<h1>Minionette</h1>
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<hw>Min`ion*ette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Small; delicate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "His <i>minionette</i> face."

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Minionette</h1>
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<hw>Min"ion*ette</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A size of type between nonpareil and minion; -- used in ornamental borders, etc.</def>

<h1>Minioning</h1>
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<hw>Min"ion*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Kind treatment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Minionize</h1>
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<hw>Min"ion*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To flavor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Minionlike, Minionly</h1>
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<hw><hw>Min"ion*like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Min"ion*ly</hw>,<hw> <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Like a minion; daintily.</def>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Minionship</h1>
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<hw>Min"ion*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being a minion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Minious</h1>
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<hw>Min"ious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>minium</ets> red lead.]</ety> <def>Of the color of red or vermilion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Minish</h1>
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<hw>Min"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>menusen</ets>, F. <ets>menuiser</ets> to make small, cut small, fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>minutiare</ets>, for <ets>minutare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>minutus</ets> small. See <er>Minute</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Diminish</er>, <er>Minge</er>.]</ety> <def>To diminish; to lessen.</def>

<blockquote>The living of poor men thereby <b>minished</b>.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Minishment</h1>
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<hw>Min"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of diminishing, or the state of being diminished; diminution.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Minister</h1>
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<hw>Min"is*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ministre</ets>, F. <ets>ministre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>minister</ets>, orig. a double comparative from the root of <ets>minor</ets> less, and hence meaning, an inferior, a servant. See 1st <er>Minor</er>, and cf. <er>Master</er>, <er>Minstrel</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A servant; a subordinate; an officer or assistant of inferior rank; hence, an agent, an instrument.</def>

<blockquote>Moses rose up, and his <b>minister</b> Joshua.
<i>Ex. xxiv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I chose
Camillo for the <b>minister</b>, to poison
My friend Polixenes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An officer of justice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I cry out the on the <b>ministres</b>, quod he,
That shoulde keep and rule this cit\'82.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One to whom the sovereign or executive head of a government intrusts the management of affairs of state, or some department of such affairs.</def>

<blockquote><b>Ministers</b> to kings, whose eyes, ears, and hands they are, must be answerable to God and man.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A representative of a government, sent to the court, or seat of government, of a foreign nation to transact diplomatic business.</def>

<note>&hand; Ambassadors are classed (in the diplomatic sense) in the first rank of public ministers, ministers plenipotentiary in the second. "The United States diplomatic service employs two classes of ministers, -- ministers plenipotentiary and ministers resident."</note>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>One who serves at the altar; one who performs sacerdotal duties; the pastor of a church duly authorized or licensed to preach the gospel and administer the sacraments.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Delegate; official; ambassador; clergyman; parson; priest.</syn>

<h1>Minister</h1>
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<hw>Min"is*ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ministered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ministering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ministren</ets>, OF. <ets>ministrer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ministrare</ets>. See <er>Minister</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To furnish or apply; to afford; to supply; to administer.</def>

<blockquote>He that <b>ministereth</b> seed to the sower.
<i>2 Cor. ix. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We <b>minister</b> to God reason to suspect us.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Minister</h1>
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<hw>Min"is*ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To act as a servant, attendant, or agent; to attend and serve; to perform service in any office, sacred or secular.</def>

<blockquote>The Son of man came not to be <b>ministered</b> unto, but to <b>minister</b>.
<i>Matt. xx. 28.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To supply or to things needful; esp., to supply consolation or remedies.</def>

<i>Matt. xxv. 44.</i>

<blockquote>Canst thou not <b>minister</b> to a mind diseased?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ministerial</h1>
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<hw>Min`is*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ministerialis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>minist\'82riel</ets>. See <er>Minister</er>, and cf. <er>Minstrel</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to ministry or service; serving; attendant.</def>

<blockquote>Enlightening spirits and <b>ministerial</b> flames.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the office of a minister or to the ministry as a body, whether civil or sacerdotal.</def> "<i>Ministerial</i> offices." <i>Bacon</i>. "A <i>ministerial</i> measure." <i>Junius</i>. "<i>Ministerial</i> garments."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Tending to advance or promote; contributive.</def> "<i>Ministerial</i> to intellectual culture."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<cs><col>The ministerial benches</col>, <cd>the benches in the House of Commons occupied by members of the cabinet and their supporters; -- also, the persons occupying them.</cd> "Very solid and very brilliant talents distinguish <i>the ministerial benches<i>."</cs>

<i>Burke.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Official; priestly; sacerdotal; ecclesiastical.</syn>

<h1>Ministerialist</h1>
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<hw>Min`is*te"ri*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A supporter of the ministers, or the party in power.</def>

<h1>Ministerially</h1>
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<hw>Min`is*te"ri*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a ministerial manner; in the character or capacity of a minister.</def>

<h1>Ministery</h1>
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<hw>Min"is*ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ministry</er>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Ministracy</h1>
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<hw>Min"is*tra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ministration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ministral</h1>
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<hw>Min"is*tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ministerial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<hr>
<page="927">
Page 927<p>

<h1>Ministrant</h1>
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<hw>Min"is*trant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ministrans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, of <ets>ministrare</ets> to minister.]</ety> <def>Performing service as a minister; attendant on service; acting under command; subordinate.</def> "Princedoms and dominations <i>ministrant</i>." <i>Milton</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One who ministers.</def></def2>

<h1>Ministration</h1>
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<hw>Min`is*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ministratio</ets>, fr. <ets>ministrare</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of ministering; service; ministry.</def> "The days of his <i>ministration</i>."

<i>Luke i. 23.</i>

<h1>Ministrative</h1>
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<hw>Min"is*tra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to aid; ministering.</def>

<h1>Ministress</h1>
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<hw>Min"is*tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>ministrix</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woman who ministers.</def>

<i>Akenside.</i>

<h1>Ministry</h1>
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<hw>Min"is*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. Ministries <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>ministerium</ets>. See <er>Minister</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Mystery</er> a trade.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of ministering; ministration; service.</def> "With tender <i>ministry</i>."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Agency; instrumentality.</def>

<blockquote>The ordinary <b>ministry</b> of second causes.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The wicked <b>ministry</b> of arms.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The office, duties, or functions of a minister, servant, or agent; ecclesiastical, executive, or ambassadorial function or profession.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The body of ministers of state; also, the clergy, as a body.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Administration; rule; term in power; <as>as, the <ex>ministry</ex> of Pitt</as>.</def>

<h1>Ministryship</h1>
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<hw>Min"is*try*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a minister.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Minium</h1>
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<hw>Min"i*um</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>minium</ets>, an Iberian word, the Romans getting all their cinnabar from Spain; cf. Basque <ets>armine\'a0</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A heavy, brilliant red pigment, consisting of an oxide of lead, <chform>Pb3O4</chform>, obtained by exposing lead or massicot to a gentle and continued heat in the air. It is used as a cement, as a paint, and in the manufacture of flint glass. Called also <altname>red lead</altname>.</def><-- also called lead tetroxide, lead orthoplumbate, mineral oange, mineral red, Paris red, Saturn red, and less definitively, lead oxide -->

<h1>Miniver</h1>
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<hw>Min"i*ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Meniver</er>.]</ety> <def>A fur esteemed in the Middle Ages as a part of costume. It is uncertain whether it was the fur of one animal only or of different animals.</def>

<h1>Minivet</h1>
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<hw>Min"i*vet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A singing bird of India of the family <spn>Campephagid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Mink</h1>
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<hw>Mink</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. 2d <er>Minx</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carnivorous mammal of the genus <spn>Putorius</spn>, allied to the weasel. The European mink is <spn>Putorius lutreola</spn>. The common American mink (<spn>P. vison</spn>) varies from yellowish brown to black.  Its fur is highly valued.  Called also <altname>minx</altname>, <altname>nurik</altname>, and <altname>vison</altname>.</def><-- together with sable, one of the most expensive furs not taken from endangerd species.  From animals grown on a farm, called ranch mink -->

<h1>Minnesinger</h1>
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<hw>Min"ne*sing`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., fr. <ets>minne</ets> love + <ets>singen</ets> to sing.]</ety> <def>A love-singer; specifically, one of a class of German poets and musicians who flourished from about the middle of the twelfth to the middle of the fourteenth century. They were chiefly of noble birth, and made love and beauty the subjects of their verses.</def>

<h1>Minnow</h1>
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<hw>Min"now</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>menow</ets>, cf. AS. <ets>myne</ets>; also OE. <ets>menuse</ets>, OF. <ets>menuise</ets> small fish; akin to E. <ets>minish</ets>, <ets>minute</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>minow</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European fresh-water cyprinoid fish (<spn>Phoxinus l\'91vis</spn>, formerly <spn>Leuciscus phoxinus</spn>); sometimes applied also to the young of larger kinds; -- called also <altname>minim</altname> and <altname>minny</altname>. The name is also applied to several allied American species, of the genera <spn>Phoxinus</spn>, <spn>Notropis</spn>, or <spn>Minnilus</spn>, and <spn>Rhinichthys</spn>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any of numerous small American cyprinodont fishes of the genus <spn>Fundulus</spn>, and related genera. They live both in fresh and in salt water. Called also <altname>killifish</altname>, <altname>minny</altname>, and <altname>mummichog</altname>.</def><-- see <er>mummichog</er> -->

<h1>Minny</h1>
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<hw>Min"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A minnow.</def>

<h1>Mino bird</h1>
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<hw>Mi"no bird"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Hind. <ets>main\'be</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Asiatic bird (<spn>Gracula musica</spn>), allied to the starlings. It is black, with a white spot on the wings, and a pair of flat yellow wattles on the head. It is often tamed and taught to pronounce words.</def>

<h1>Minor</h1>
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<hw>Mi"nor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L., a comparative with no positive; akin to AS. <ets>min</ets> small, G. <ets>minder</ets> less, OHG. <ets>minniro</ets>, a., <ets>min</ets>, adv., Icel. <ets>minni</ets>, a., <ets>minnr</ets>, adv., Goth. <ets>minniza</ets>, a., <ets>mins</ets>, adv., Ir. & Gael. <ets>min</ets> small, tender, L. <ets>minuere</ets> to lessen, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>mi</ets> to damage. Cf. <er>Minish</er>, <er>Minister</er>, <er>Minus</er>, <er>Minute</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Inferior in bulk, degree, importance, etc.; less; smaller; of little account; <as>as, <ex>minor</ex> divisions of a body</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Less by a semitone in interval or difference of pitch; <as>as, a <ex>minor</ex> third</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Asia Minor</col> <fld>(Geog.)</fld>, <cd>the Lesser Asia; that part of Asia which lies between the Euxine, or Black Sea, on the north, and the Mediterranean on the south.</cd> -- <col>Minor mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>that mode, or scale, in which the third and sixth are minor, -- much used for mournful and solemn subjects.</cd> -- <col>Minor orders</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>the rank of persons employed in ecclesiastical offices who are not in holy orders, as doorkeepers, acolytes, etc.</cd> -- <col>Minor scale</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>The form of the minor scale is various. The strictly correct form has the third and sixth minor, with a semitone between the seventh and eighth, which involves an augmented second interval, or three semitones, between the sixth and seventh, as, <supr>6/F</supr>, <supr>7/G&sharp;</supr>, <supr>8/A</supr>. But, for melodic purposes, both the sixth and the seventh are sometimes made major in the ascending, and minor in the descending, scale, thus: --

<illust><-- Comm: an illustration of a bar with ascending and descending notes on a minor scale --></illust>

See <er>Major</er>.</cd> -- <col>Minor term of syllogism</col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>the subject of the conclusion.</cd></cs>

<h1>Minor</h1>
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<hw>Mi"nor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person of either sex who has not attained the age at which full civil rights are accorded; an infant; in England and the United States, one under twenty-one years of age.</def>

<note>&hand; In hereditary monarchies, the minority of a sovereign ends at an earlier age than of a subject. The minority of a sovereign of Great Britain ends upon the completion of the eighteenth year of his age.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The minor term, that is, the subject of the conclusion; also, the minor premise, that is, that premise which contains the minor term; in hypothetical syllogisms, the categorical premise. It is the second proposition of a regular syllogism, as in the following: Every act of injustice partakes of meanness; to take money from another by gaming is an act of injustice; therefore, the taking of money from another by gaming partakes of meanness.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A Minorite; a Franciscan friar.</def>

<h1>Minorate</h1>
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<hw>Mi"nor*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>minoratus</ets>; p. p. of <ets>minorare</ets> to diminish, fr. <ets>minor</ets>, a. See 1st <er>Minor</er>.]</ety> <def>To diminish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Minoration</h1>
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<hw>Mi`nor*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>minoratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>minoration</ets>.]</ety> <def>A diminution.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Minoress</h1>
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<hw>Mi"nor*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <cref>Franciscan Nuns</cref>, under <er>Franciscan</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Minorite</h1>
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<hw>Mi"nor*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>minor</ets> less. Cf. 2d <er>Minor</er>, 3.]</ety> <def>A Franciscan friar.</def>

<h1>Minority</h1>
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<hw>Mi*nor"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Minorities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>minorit\'82</ets>. See <er>Minor</er>, <tt>a. & n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being a minor, or under age.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>State of being less or small.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The smaller number; -- opposed to <ant>majority</ant>; <as>as, the <ex>minority</ex> must be ruled by the majority</as>.</def>

<h1>Minos</h1>
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<hw>Mi"nos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A king and lawgiver of Crete, fabled to be the son of Jupiter and Europa.  After death he was made a judge in the Lower Regions.</def>

<h1>Minotaur</h1>
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<hw>Min"o*taur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Minotaurus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <grk>Mi`nos</grk>, the husband of Pasipha\'89 + <grk>tay^ros</grk> a bull, the Minotaur being the offspring of Pasipha\'89 and a bull: cf. F. <ets>minotaure</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A fabled monster, half man and half bull, confined in the labyrinth constructed by D\'91dalus in Crete.</def>

<h1>Minow</h1>
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<hw>Min"ow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Minnow</er>.</def>

<h1>Minster</h1>
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<hw>Min"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>mynster</ets>, fr. L. <ets>monasterium</ets>. See <er>Monastery</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A church of a monastery.  The name is often retained and applied to the church after the monastery has ceased to exist (<as>as Beverly <ex>Minster</ex>, Southwell <ex>Minster</ex>, etc.</as>), and is also improperly used for any large church.</def>

<cs><col>Minster house</col>, <cd>the official house in which the canons of a cathedral live in common or in rotation.</cd></cs>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Minstrel</h1>
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<hw>Min"strel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>minstrel</ets>, <ets>menestral</ets>, OF. <ets>menestrel</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>ministerialis</ets> servant, workman (cf. <ets>ministrellus</ets> harpist), fr. L. <ets>ministerium</ets> service. See <er>Ministry</er>, and cf. <er>Ministerial</er>.]</ety> <def>In the Middle Ages, one of an order of men who subsisted by the arts of poetry and music, and sang verses to the accompaniment of a harp or other instrument; in modern times, a poet; a bard; a singer and harper; a musician.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Minstrelsy</h1>
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<hw>Min"strel*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The arts and occupation of minstrels; the singing and playing of a minstrel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Musical instruments.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A collective body of minstrels, or musicians; also, a collective body of minstrels' songs.</def> <i>Chaucer</i>. "The <i>minstrelsy</i> of heaven." <i>Milton</i>.

<h1>Mint</h1>
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<hw>Mint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>minte</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mentha</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of several aromatic labiate plants, mostly of the genus <spn>Mentha</spn>, yielding odoriferous essential oils by distillation. See <er>Mentha</er>.</def>

<-- each of the following types can also be labeled as subtypes -->
<note>&hand; <col>Corn mint</col> is <spn>Mentha arvensis</spn>. -- <col>Horsemint</col> is <spn>M. sylvestris</spn>, and in the United States <spn>Monarda punctata</spn>, which differs from the true mints in several respects. -- <col>Mountain mint</col> is any species of the related genus <spn>Pycnanthemum</spn>, common in North America. -- <col>Peppermint</col> is <spn>M. piperita</spn>. -- <col>Spearmint</col> is <spn>M. viridis</spn>. -- <col>Water mint</col> is <spn>M. aquatica</spn>.</note>

<cs><col>Mint camphor</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Menthol</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mint julep</col>. <cd>See <er>Julep</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mint sauce</col>, <cd>a sauce flavored with spearmint, for meats.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mint</h1>
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<hw>Mint</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>mynet</ets> money, coin, fr. L. <ets>moneta</ets> the mint, coined money, fr. <ets>Moneta</ets>, a surname of Juno, in whose at Rome money was coined; akin to <ets>monere</ets> to warn, admonish, AS. <ets>manian</ets>, and to E. <ets>mind</ets>. See <er>Mind</er>, and cf. <er>Money</er>, <er>Monition</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place where money is coined by public authority.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Any place regarded as a source of unlimited supply; the supply itself.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>mint</b> of phrases in his brain.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mint</h1>
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<hw>Mint</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Minted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Minting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>mynetian</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make by stamping, as money; to coin; to make and stamp into money.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To invent; to forge; to fabricate; to fashion.</def>

<blockquote>Titles... of such natures as may be easily <b>minted</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Minting mill</col>, <cd>a coining press.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mintage</h1>
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<hw>Mint"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The coin, or other production, made in a mint.</def>

<blockquote>Stamped in clay, a heavenly <b>mintage</b>.
<i>Sterling.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The duty paid to the mint for coining.</def>

<h1>Minter</h1>
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<hw>Mint"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who mints.</def>

<h1>Mintman</h1>
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<hw>Mint"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mintmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One skilled in coining, or in coins; a coiner.</def>

<h1>Mint-master</h1>
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<hw>Mint"-mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The master or superintendent of a mint. Also used figuratively.</def>

<h1>Minuend</h1>
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<hw>Min"u*end</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>minuendus</ets> to be diminished, fr. <ets>minuere</ets> to lessen, diminish. See <er>Minish</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>The number from which another number is to be subtracted.</def>

<h1>Minuet</h1>
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<hw>Min"u*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>menu</ets> small, L. <ets>minutus</ets> small. So called on account of the short steps of the dance. See 4th <er>Minute</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A slow graceful dance consisting of a coupee, a high step, and a balance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A tune or air to regulate the movements of the dance so called; a movement in suites, sonatas, symphonies, etc., having the dance form, and commonly in 3-4, sometimes 3-8, measure.</def>

<h1>Minum</h1>
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<hw>Min"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Minion</er>, <er>Minum</er>, 6.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A small kind of printing type; minion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A minim.</def>

<h1>Minus</h1>
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<hw>Mi"nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Minor</er>, and cf. <er>Mis-</er> pref. from the French.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Less; requiring to be subtracted; negative; <as>as, a <ex>minus</ex> quantity</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Minus sign</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the sign [-] denoting <i>minus<i>, or <i>less<i>, prefixed to negative quantities, or quantities to be subtracted. See <cref>Negative sign</cref>, under <er>Negative</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Minuscule</h1>
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<hw>Mi*nus"cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>minusculus</ets> rather small, fr. <ets>minus</ets> less: cf. F. <ets>minuscule</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any very small, minute object.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small Roman letter which is neither capital nor uncial; a manuscript written in such letters.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the size and style of minuscules; written in minuscules.</def>

<blockquote>These <b>minuscule</b> letters are cursive forms of the earlier uncials.
<i>I. Taylor (The Alphabet).</i></blockquote></def2>

<h1>Minutary</h1>
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<hw>Min"u*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or consisting of, minutes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Minute</h1>
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<hw>Min"ute</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>minuta</ets> a small portion, small coin, fr. L. <ets>minutus</ets> small: cf. F. <ets>minute</ets>. See 4th <er>Minute</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The sixtieth part of an hour; sixty seconds. (Abbrev. <abbr>m.</abbr>; <as>as, 4 h. 30 <ex>m.<i></as>)</def>

<blockquote>Four <b>minutes</b>, that is to say, <b>minutes</b> of an hour.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sixtieth part of a degree; sixty seconds (Marked thus (\'bf); <as>as, 10&deg; 20\'bf</as>.)</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A nautical or a geographic mile.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A coin; a half farthing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif (Mark xii. 42)</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A very small part of anything, or anything very small; a jot; a tittle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Minutes</b> and circumstances of his passion.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A point of time; a moment.</def>

<blockquote>I go this <b>minute</b> to attend the king.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The memorandum; a record; a note to preserve the memory of anything; <as>as, to take <ex>minutes</ex> of a contract; to take <ex>minutes</ex> of a conversation or debate.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A fixed part of a module. See <er>Module</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; Different writers take as the minute one twelfth, one eighteenth, one thirtieth, or one sixtieth part of the module.</note>

<h1>Minute</h1>
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<hw>Min"ute</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a minute or minutes; occurring at or marking successive minutes.</def>

<cs><col>Minute bell</col>, <cd>a bell tolled at intervals of a minute, as to give notice of a death or a funeral.</cd> -- <col>Minute book</col>, <cd>a book in which written minutes are entered.</cd> -- <col>Minute glass</col>, <cd>a glass measuring a minute or minutes by the running of sand.</cd> -- <col>Minute gun</col>, <cd>a discharge of a cannon repeated every minute as a sign of distress or mourning.</cd> -- <col>Minute hand</col>, <cd>the long hand of a watch or clock, which makes the circuit of the dial in an hour, and marks the minutes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Minute</h1>
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<hw>Min"ute</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>imp. & p. p.</ets> <er>Minuted</er>; <ets>p. pr. & vb. n.</ets> <er>Minuting</er>.]</ety> <def>To set down a short sketch or note of; to jot down; to make a minute or a brief summary of.</def>

<blockquote>The Empress of Russia, with her own hand, <b>minuted</b> an edict for universal tolerance.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Minute</h1>
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<hw>Mi*nute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>minutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>minuere</ets> to lessen. See <er>Minish</er>, <er>Minor</er>, and cf. <er>Menu</er>, <er>Minuet</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Very small; little; tiny; fine; slight; slender; inconsiderable.</def> "<i>Minute</i> drops."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attentive to small things; paying attention to details; critical; particular; precise; <as>as, a <ex>minute</ex> observer; <ex>minute</ex> observation.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Little; diminutive; fine; critical; exact; circumstantial; particular; detailed.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Minute</er>, <er>Circumstantial</er>, <er>Particular</er>. A <i>circumstantial</i> account embraces all the leading events; a <i>particular</i> account includes each event and movement, though of but little importance; a <i>minute</i> account goes further still, and omits nothing as to person, time, place, adjuncts, etc.</usage>

<h1>Minute-jack</h1>
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<hw>Mi*nute"-jack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A figure which strikes the hour on the bell of some fanciful clocks; -- called also <altname>jack of the clock house</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A timeserver; an inconstant person.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Minutely</h1>
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<hw>Mi*nute"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From 4th <er>Minute</er>.]</ety> <def>In a minute manner; with minuteness; exactly; nicely.</def>

<h1>Minutely</h1>
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<hw>Min"ute*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 1st <er>Minute</er>.]</ety> <def>Happening every minute; continuing; unceasing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Throwing themselves absolutely upon God's <b>minutely</b> providence.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Minutely</h1>
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<hw>Min"ute*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>At intervals of a minute; very often and regularly.</def>

<i>J. Philips.</i>

<blockquote><b>Minutely</b> proclaimed in thunder from heaven.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Minuteman</h1>
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<hw>Min"ute*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Minutemen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A militiaman who was to be ready to march at a moment's notice; -- a term used in the American Revolution.</def>

<h1>Minuteness</h1>
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<hw>Mi*nute"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being minute.</def>

<h1>Minutia</h1>
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<hw>Mi*nu"ti*a</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Minuti\'91</plw> <tt>(-&emac;)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>minutus</ets> small, minute. See 4th <er>Minute</er>.]</ety> <def>A minute particular; a small or minor detail; -- used chiefly in the plural.</def>

<h1>Minx</h1>
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<hw>Minx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. of Low German origin; cf. LG. <ets>minsk</ets> wench, jade, hussy, D. <ets>mensch</ets>; prop. the same word as D. & G. <ets>mensch</ets> man, human being, OHG. <ets>mennisco</ets>, AS. <ets>mennisc</ets>, fr. <ets>man</ets>. See <er>Man</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A pert or a wanton girl.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A she puppy; a pet dog.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Minx</h1>
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<hw>Minx</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mink</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The mink; -- called also <cref>minx otter</cref>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="928">
Page 928<p>

<h1>Miny</h1>
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<hw>Min"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding with mines; like a mine.</def> "<i>Miny</i> caverns."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Miocene</h1>
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<hw>Mi"o*cene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ less + <?/ new, fresh, recent.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the middle division of the Tertiary.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The Miocene period. See <cref>Chart</cref> of <er>Geology</er>.</def></def2>

<h1>Miohippus</h1>
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<hw>Mi`o*hip"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ less + <?/ horse.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct Miocene mammal of the Horse family, closely related to the genus <spn>Anhithecrium</spn>, and having three usable hoofs on each foot.</def>

<h1>Miquelet</h1>
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<hw>Miq"ue*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>miquelete</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An irregular or partisan soldier; a bandit.</def>

<h1>Mir</h1>
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<hw>Mir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Russian village community.</def>

<i>D. M. Wallace.</i>

<h1>Mir</h1>
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<hw>Mir</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>m\'c6r</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Emir</er>.</def>

<h1>Mira</h1>
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<hw>Mi"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>mirus</ets> wonderful.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A remarkable variable star in the constellation Cetus (<altname>&omicron; Ceti</altname>).</def>

<h1>Mirabilary</h1>
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<hw>Mi*rab"i*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mirabilaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who, or a work which, narrates wonderful things; one who writes of wonders.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Mirabilis</h1>
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<hw>Mi*rab"i*lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., wonderful.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants. See <er>Four-o'clock</er>.</def>

<h1>Mirabilite</h1>
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<hw>Mi*rab"i*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native sodium sulphate; Glauber's salt.</def>

<h1>Mirable</h1>
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<hw>Mi"ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mirabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>mirari</ets> to wonder: cf. OF. <ets>mirable</ets>. See <er>Marvel</er>.]</ety> <def>Wonderful; admirable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Miracle</h1>
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<hw>Mir"a*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>miraculum</ets>, fr. <ets>mirari</ets> to wonder. See <er>Marvel</er>, and cf. <er>Mirror</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A wonder or wonderful thing.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>miracle</b> and queen of genus.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: An event or effect contrary to the established constitution and course of things, or a deviation from the known laws of nature; a supernatural event, or one transcending the ordinary laws by which the universe is governed.</def>

<blockquote>They considered not the <b>miracle</b> of the loaves.
<i>Mark vi. 52.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A miracle play.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A story or legend abounding in miracles.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When said was all this <b>miracle</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Miracle monger</col>, <cd>an impostor who pretends to work miracles.</cd> -- <col>Miracle play</col>, <cd>one of the old dramatic entertainments founded on legends of saints and martyrs or (see 2d <er>Mystery</er>, 2) on events related in the Bible.</cd></cs>

<h1>Miracle</h1>
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<hw>Mir"a*cle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make wonderful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Miraculize</h1>
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<hw>Mi*rac"u*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to seem to be a miracle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shaftesbury.</i>

<h1>Miraculous</h1>
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<hw>Mi*rac"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>miraculeux</ets>. See <er>Miracle</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of the nature of a miracle; performed by supernatural power; effected by the direct agency of almighty power, and not by natural causes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Supernatural; wonderful.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Wonder-working.</def> "The <i>miraculous</i> harp."

<i>Shak.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Mi*rac"u*lous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mi*rac"u*lous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mirador</h1>
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<hw>Mir`a*dor"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. <ets>mirar</ets> to behold, view. See <er>Mirror</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Belvedere</er>.</def>

<h1>Mirage</h1>
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<hw>Mi`rage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>mirer</ets> to look at carefully, to aim, <ets>se mirer</ets> to look at one's self in a glass, to reflect, to be reflected, LL. <ets>mirare</ets> to look at. See <er>Mirror</er>.]</ety> <def>An optical effect, sometimes seen on the ocean, but more frequently in deserts, due to total reflection of light at the surface common to two strata of air differently heated. The reflected image is seen, commonly in an inverted position, while the real object may or may not be in sight. When the surface is horizontal, and below the eye, the appearance is that of a sheet of water in which the object is seen reflected; when the reflecting surface is above the eye, the image is seen projected against the sky. The <i>fata Morgana</i> and <i>looming</i> are species of <i>mirage</i>.</def>

<blockquote>By the <b>mirage</b> uplifted the land floats vague in the ether,
Ships and the shadows of ships hang in the motionless air.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mirbane</h1>
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<hw>Mir"bane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Nitrobenzene</er>.</def>

<h1>Mire</h1>
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<hw>Mire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m\'c6re</ets>, <ets>m<?/re</ets>; akin to D. <ets>mier</ets>, Icel. <ets>maurr</ets>, Dan. <ets>myre</ets>, Sw. <ets>myra</ets>; cf. also Ir. <ets>moirbh</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>An ant. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Pismire</er>.</def>

<h1>Mire</h1>
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<hw>Mire</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mire</ets>, <ets>myre</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>m<?/rr</ets> swamp, Sw. <ets>myra</ets> marshy ground, and perh. to E. <ets>moss</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deep mud; wet, spongy earth.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>He his rider from the lofty steed
Would have cast down and trod in dirty <b>mire</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Mire crow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the pewit, or laughing gull.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Mire drum</col>, <cd>the European bittern. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Mire</h1>
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<hw>Mire</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mired</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Miring</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause or permit to stick fast in mire; to plunge or fix in mud; <as>as, to <ex>mire</ex> a horse or wagon</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To soil with mud or foul matter.</def>

<blockquote>Smirched thus and <b>mired</b> with infamy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mire</h1>
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<hw>Mire</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To stick in mire.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mirific, Mirifical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mi*rif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mi*rif"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mirificus</ets>; <ets>mirus</ets> wonderful + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>Working wonders; wonderful.</def>

<h1>Mirificent</h1>
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<hw>Mi*rif"i*cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wonderful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Miriness</h1>
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<hw>Mir"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being miry.</def>

<h1>Mirk</h1>
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<hw>Mirk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Murky</er>.]</ety> <def>Dark; gloomy; murky.</def>

<i>Spenser. Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Mirk</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mirk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Darkness; gloom; murk.</def> "In <i>mirk</i> and mire."

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Mirksome</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mirk"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dark; gloomy; murky.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> <i>Spenser</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Mirk"some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Archaic]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Mirky</h1>
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<hw>Mirk"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dark; gloomy. See <er>Murky</er>.</def>

<h1>Mirror</h1>
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<hw>Mir"ror</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mirour</ets>, F. <ets>miroir</ets>, OF. also <ets>mireor</ets>, fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>miratorium</ets>, fr. <ets>mirare</ets> to look at, L. <ets>mirari</ets> to wonder. See <er>Marvel</er>, and cf. <er>Miracle</er>, <er>Mirador</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A looking-glass or a speculum; any glass or polished substance that forms images by the reflection of rays of light.</def>

<blockquote>And in her hand she held a <b>mirror</b> bright,
Wherein her face she often view\'8ad fair.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which gives a true representation, or in which a true image may be seen; hence, a pattern; an exemplar.</def>

<blockquote>She is <b>mirour</b> of all courtesy.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O goddess, heavenly bright,
<b>Mirror</b> of grace and majesty divine.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Speculum</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Mirror carp</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a domesticated variety of the carp, having only three or fur rows of very large scales side.</cd> -- <col>Mirror plate</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A flat glass mirror without a frame</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Flat glass used for making mirrors.</cd> -- <col>Mirror writing</col>, <cd>a manner or form of backward writing, making manuscript resembling in slant and order of letters the reflection of ordinary writing in a mirror. The substitution of this manner of writing for the common manner is a symptom of some kinds of nervous disease.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mirror</h1>
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<hw>Mir"ror</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mirrored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mirroring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To reflect, as in a mirror.</def>

<h1>Mirth</h1>
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<hw>Mirth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mirthe</ets>, <ets>murthe</ets>, <ets>merthe</ets>, AS. <ets>myr&edh;</ets>, <ets>myrg&edh;</ets>, <ets>merh&edh;</ets>, <ets>mirh&edh;</ets>. See <er>Merry</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Merriment; gayety accompanied with laughter; jollity.</def>

<blockquote>Then will I cause to cease ... from the streets of Jerusalem, the voice of <b>mirth</b>.
<i>Jer. vii. 34.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which causes merriment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Merriment; joyousness; gladness; fun; frolic; glee; hilarity; festivity; jollity. See <er>Gladness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Mirthful</h1>
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<hw>Mirth"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of mirth or merriment; merry; <as>as, <ex>mirthful</ex> children</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Indicating or inspiring mirth; <as>as, a <ex>mirthful</ex> face</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Mirthful</b>, comic shows.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Mirth"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mirth"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mirthless</h1>
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<hw>Mirth"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without mirth.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mirth"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Miry</h1>
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<hw>Mir"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 2d <er>Mire</er>.]</ety> <def>Abounding with deep mud; full of mire; muddy; <as>as, a <ex>miry</ex> road</as>.</def>

<h1>Mirza</h1>
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<hw>Mir"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>m\'c6rz\'be</ets>, abbrev. fr. <ets>m\'c6rz\'bedeh</ets> son of the prince; <ets>m\'c6r</ets> prince (Ar. <ets>am\'c6r</ets>, <ets>em\'c6r</ets>) + <ets>z\'bedeh</ets> son.]</ety> <def>The common title of honor in Persia, prefixed to the surname of an individual. When appended to the surname, it signifies <i>Prince</i>.</def>

<h1>Mis-</h1>
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<hw>Mis-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[In words of Teutonic origin, fr. AS. <ets>mis-</ets>; akin to D. <ets>mis-</ets>, G. <ets>miss-</ets>, OHG. <ets>missa-</ets>, <ets>missi-</ets>, Icel. & Dan. <ets>mis-</ets>, Sw. <ets>miss-</ets>, Goth. <ets>missa-</ets>; orig., a p. p. from the root of G. <ets>meiden</ets> to shun, OHG. <ets>m\'c6dan</ets>, AS. <ets>m\'c6<?/an</ets> (<?/<?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Miss</er> to fail of). In words from the French, fr. OF. <ets>mes-</ets>, F. <ets>m\'82-</ets>, <ets>mes-</ets>, fr. L. <ets>minus</ets> less (see <er>Minus</er>). In present usage these two prefixes are commonly confounded.]</ety> <def>A prefix used adjectively and adverbially in the sense of <i>amiss</i>, <i>wrong</i>, <i>ill</i>, <i>wrongly</i>, <i>unsuitably</i>; <as>as, <ex>mis</ex>deed, <ex>mis</ex>lead, <ex>mis</ex>chief, <ex>mis</ex>creant</as>.</def>

<h1>Mis</h1>
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<hw>Mis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Amiss</er>.]</ety> <def>Wrong; amiss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To correcten that [which] is <i>mis</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Misacceptation</h1>
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<hw>Mis*ac`cep*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong acceptation; understanding in a wrong sense.</def>

<h1>Misaccompt</h1>
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<hw>Mis`ac*compt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To account or reckon wrongly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Misadjust</h1>
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<hw>Mis`ad*just"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To adjust wrongly of unsuitably; to throw of adjustment.</def>

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Misadjustment</h1>
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<hw>Mis`ad*just"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong adjustment; unsuitable arrangement.</def>

<h1>Misadventure</h1>
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<hw>Mis`ad*ven"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mesaventure</ets>, F. <ets>m\'82saventure</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mischance; misfortune; ill lick; unlucky accident; ill adventure.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Homicide by misadventure</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>homicide which occurs when a man, doing a lawful act, without any intention of injury, unfortunately kills another; -- called also <altname>excusable homicide</altname>. See <er>Homicide</er>.</cd></cs>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Mischance; mishap; misfortune; disaster; calamity.</syn>

<h1>Misadventured</h1>
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<hw>Mis`ad*ven"tured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unfortunate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misadventurous</h1>
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<hw>Mis`ad*ven"tur*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unfortunate.</def>

<h1>Misadvertence</h1>
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<hw>Mis`ad*vert"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inadvertence.</def>

<h1>Misadvice</h1>
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<hw>Mis`ad*vice"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bad advice.</def>

<h1>Misadvise</h1>
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<hw>Mis`ad*vise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give bad counsel to.</def>

<h1>Misadvised</h1>
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<hw>Mis`ad*vised"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ill advised.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mis`ad*vis"ed*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Misaffect</h1>
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<hw>Mis`af*fect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dislike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misaffected</h1>
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<hw>Mis`af*fect"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ill disposed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misaffection</h1>
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<hw>Mis`af*fec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An evil or wrong affection; the state of being ill affected.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Misaffirm</h1>
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<hw>Mis`af*firm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To affirm incorrectly.</def>

<h1>Misaimed</h1>
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<hw>Mis*aimed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not rightly aimed.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Misallegation</h1>
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<hw>Mis*al`le*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A erroneous statement or allegation.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Misallege</h1>
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<hw>Mis`al*lege"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To state erroneously.</def>

<h1>Misalliance</h1>
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<hw>Mis`al*li"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82salliance</ets>.]</ety> <def>A marriage with a person of inferior rank or social station; an improper alliance; a mesalliance.</def>

<blockquote>A Leigh had made a <b>misalliance</b>, and blushed
A Howard should know it.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Misallied</h1>
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<hw>Mis`al*lied"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wrongly allied or associated.</def>

<h1>Misallotment</h1>
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<hw>Mis`al*lot"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wrong allotment.</def>

<h1>Misalter</h1>
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<hw>Mis*al"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To alter wrongly; esp., to alter for the worse.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Misanthrope</h1>
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<hw>Mis"an*thrope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ to hate + <?/ a man; cf. F. <ets>misanthrope</ets>. Cf. <er>Miser</er>.]</ety> <def>A hater of mankind; a misanthropist.</def>

<h1>Misanthropic, Misanthropical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mis`an*throp"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mis`an*throp"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>misanthropique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hating or disliking mankind.</def>

<h1>Misanthropist</h1>
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<hw>Mis*an"thro*pist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A misanthrope.</def>

<h1>Misanthropos</h1>
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<hw>Mis*an"thro*pos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Misanthrope</er>.]</ety> <def>A misanthrope.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Misanthropy</h1>
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<hw>Mis*an"thro*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>misanthropie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hatred of, or dislike to, mankind; -- opposed to <i>philanthropy</i>.</def>

<i>Orrery.</i>

<h1>Misapplication</h1>
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<hw>Mis*ap`pli*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wrong application.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Misapply</h1>
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<hw>Mis`ap*ply"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Misapplied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misapplying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To apply wrongly; to use for a wrong purpose; <as>as, to <ex>misapply</ex> a name or title; to <ex>misapply</ex> public money.</as></def>

<h1>Misappreciated</h1>
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<hw>Mis`ap*pre"ci*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Improperly appreciated.</def>

<h1>Misapprehend</h1>
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<hw>Mis*ap`pre*hend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To take in a wrong sense; to misunderstand.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Misapprehension</h1>
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<hw>Mis*ap`pre*hen"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mistaking or mistake; wrong apprehension of one's meaning of a fact; misconception; misunderstanding.</def>

<h1>Misapprehensively</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mis*ap`pre*hen"sive*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By, or with, misapprehension.</def>

<h1>Misappropriate</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mis`ap*pro"pri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To appropriate wrongly; to use for a wrong purpose.</def>

<h1>Misappropriation</h1>
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<hw>Mis`ap*pro`pri*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong appropriation; wrongful use.</def>

<h1>Misarrange</h1>
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<hw>Mis`ar*range"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Misarranged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misarranging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To place in a wrong order, or improper manner.</def>

<h1>Misarrangement</h1>
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<hw>Mis`ar*range"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong arrangement.</def>

<h1>Misarcribe</h1>
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<hw>Mis`ar*cribe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To ascribe wrongly.</def>

<h1>Misassay</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mis`as*say"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To assay, or attempt, improperly or unsuccessfully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Browne.</i>

<h1>Misassign</h1>
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<hw>Mis`as*sign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To assign wrongly.</def>

<h1>Misattend</h1>
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<hw>Mis`at*tend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To misunderstand; to disregard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Misaventure</h1>
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<hw>Mis`a*ven"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Misadventure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misavize</h1>
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<hw>Mis`a*vize"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To misadvise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misbear</h1>
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<hw>Mis*bear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To carry improperly; to carry (one's self) wrongly; to misbehave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Misbecome</h1>
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<hw>Mis`be*come"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Not to become; to suit ill; not to befit or be adapted to.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>Thy father will not act what <b>misbecomes</b> him.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Misbecoming</h1>
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<hw>Mis`be*com"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unbecoming.</def> <i>Milton</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Mis`be*com"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mis`be*com"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Misbede</h1>
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<hw>Mis*bede"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Misbode</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Misboden</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>mis-be\'93dan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To wrong; to do injury to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Who hath you <b>misboden</b> or offended?
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Misbefitting</h1>
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<hw>Mis`be*fit"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>No befitting.</def>

<h1>Misbegot, Misbegotten</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw><hw>Mis`be*got"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mis`be*got"ten</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>,<hw> <tt>p. a.</tt> <def>Unlawfully or irregularly begotten; of bad origin; pernicious.</def> "Valor <i>misbegot</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Misbehave</h1>
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<hw>Mis`be*have"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Misbehaved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misbehaving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To behave ill; to conduct one's self improperly; -- often used with a reciprocal pronoun.</def>

<h1>Misbehaved</h1>
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<hw>Mis`be*haved"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Guilty of ill behavior; illbred; rude.</def> "A <i>misbehaved</i> and sullen wench."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Misbehavior</h1>
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<hw>Mis`be*hav"ior</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Improper, rude, or uncivil behavior; ill conduct.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Misbelief</h1>
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<hw>Mis`be*lief"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Erroneous or false belief.</def>

<h1>Misbelieve</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mis`be*lieve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To believe erroneously, or in a false religion.</def> "That <i>misbelieving</i> Moor."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Misbeliever</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mis`be*liev"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes wrongly; one who holds a false religion.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Misbeseem</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mis`be*seem"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To suit ill.</def>

<h1>Misbestow</h1>
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<hw>Mis`be*stow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bestow improperly.</def>

<h1>Misbestowal</h1>
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<hw>Mis`be*stow"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of misbestowing.</def>

<h1>Misbileve</h1>
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<hw>Mis`bi*leve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Misbelief; unbelief; suspicion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Misbode</h1>
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<hw>Mis*bode"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Misbede</er>.</def>

<h1>Misboden</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mis*bo"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Misbede</er>.</def>

<h1>Misborn</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mis"born`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Born to misfortune.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Miscalculate</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mis*cal"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To calculate erroneously; to judge wrongly.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mis*cal`cu*la"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Miscall</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mis*call"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To call by a wrong name; to name improperly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To call by a bad name; to abuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Miscarriage</h1>
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<hw>Mis*car"riage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Unfortunate event or issue of an undertaking; failure to attain a desired result or reach a destination.</def>

<blockquote>When a counselor, to save himself,
Would lay <b>miscarriages</b> upon his prince.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ill conduct; evil or improper behavior; <as>as, the failings and <ex>miscarriages</ex> of the righteous</as>.</def>

<i>Rogers.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of bringing forth before the time; premature birth.</def>

<h1>Miscarriageable</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mis*car"riage*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of miscarrying; liable to fail.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Miscarry</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mis*car"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Miscarried</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Miscarrying</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To carry, or go, wrong; to fail of reaching a destination, or fail of the intended effect; to be unsuccessful; to suffer defeat.</def>

<blockquote>My ships have all <b>miscarried</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The cardinal's letters to the pope <b>miscarried</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring forth young before the proper time.</def>

<h1>Miscast</h1>
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<hw>Mis*cast"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cast or reckon wrongly.</def>

<h1>Miscast</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mis*cast"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An erroneous cast or reckoning.</def>

<h1>Miscegenation</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mis`ce*ge*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>miscere</ets> to mix + the root of <ets>genus</ets> race.]</ety> <def>A mixing of races; amalgamation, as by intermarriage of black and white.</def>

<h1>Miscellanarian</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mis`cel*la*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Miscellany</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to miscellanies.</def> <i>Shaftesbury</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of miscellanies.</def></def2>

<h1>Miscellane</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mis"cel*lane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Miscellaneous</er>, and cf. <er>Maslin</er>.]</ety> <def>A mixture of two or more sorts of grain; -- now called <altname>maslin</altname> and <altname>meslin</altname>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Miscellanea</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mis"cel*la"ne*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Miscellany</er>.]</ety> <def>A collection of miscellaneous matters; matters of various kinds.</def>

<h1>Miscellaneous</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mis`cel*la"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>miscellaneus</ets> mixed, miscellaneous, fr. <ets>miscellus</ets> mixed, fr. <ets>miscere</ets> to mix. See <er>Mix</er>, and cf. <er>Miscellany</er>.]</ety> <def>Mixed; mingled; consisting of several things; of diverse sorts; promiscuous; heterogeneous; <as>as, a <ex>miscellaneous</ex> collection</as>.</def> "A <i>miscellaneous</i> rabble." <i>Milton</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Mis`cel*la"ne*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mis`cel*la"ne*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Miscellanist</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mis"cel*la*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of miscellanies; miscellanarian.</def>

<h1>Miscellany</h1>
<Xpage=928>

<hw>Mis"cel*la*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Miscellanies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>miscellanea</ets>, neut. pl. of. <ets>miscellaneus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>miscellan\'82e</ets>, pl. <ets>miscellan\'82es</ets>. See <er>Miscellaneous</er>.]</ety> <def>A mass or mixture of various things; a medley; esp., a collection of compositions on various subjects.</def>

<blockquote>'T is but a bundle or <b>miscellany</b> of sin; sins original, and sins actual.
<i>Hewyt.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Miscellany madam</col>, <cd>a woman who dealt in various fineries; a milliner. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<hr>
<page="929">
Page 929<p>

<h1>Miscellany</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis"cel*la*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Miscellaneous; heterogeneous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Miscensure</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*cen"sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To misjudge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Daniel</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Erroneous judgment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <i>Sylvester.</i></def2>

<h1>Mischance</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*chance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>meschance</ets>, OF. <ets>mescheance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ill luck; ill fortune; mishap.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Never come <b>mischance</b> between us twain.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Calamity; misfortune; misadventure; mishap; infelicity; disaster. See <er>Calamity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Mischance</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*chance"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To happen by mischance.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Mischanceful</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*chance"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unlucky.</def>

<i>R. Browning.</i>

<h1>Mischaracterize</h1>
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<hw>Mis*char"ac*ter*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To characterize falsely or erroneously; to give a wrong character to.</def>

<blockquote>They totally <b>mischaracterize</b> the action.
<i>Eton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mischarge</h1>
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<hw>Mis*charge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To charge erroneously, as in account.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A mistake in charging.</def></def2>

<h1>Mischief</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis"chief</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>meschef</ets> bad result, OF. <ets>meschief</ets>; pref. <ets>mes-</ets> (L. <ets>minus</ets> less) + <ets>chief</ets> end, head, F. <ets>chef</ets> chief. See <er>Minus</er>, and <er>Chief</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Harm; damage; esp., disarrangement of order; trouble or vexation caused by human agency or by some living being, intentionally or not; often, calamity, mishap; trivial evil caused by thoughtlessness, or in sport.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Thy tongue deviseth <b>mischiefs</b>.
<i>Ps. lii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The practice whereof shall, I hope, secure me from many <b>mischiefs</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cause of trouble or vexation; trouble.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>mischief</b> was, these allies would never allow that the common enemy was subdued.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To be in mischief</col>, <cd>to be doing harm or causing annoyance.</cd> -- <col>To make mischief</col>, <cd>to do mischief, especially by exciting quarrels.</cd> -- <col>To play the mischief</col>, <cd>to cause great harm; to throw into confusion. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Damage; harm; hurt; injury; detriment; evil; ill.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Mischief</er>, <er>Damage</er>, <er>Harm</er>. <i>Damage</i> is an injury which diminishes the value of a thing; <i>harm</i> is an injury which causes trouble or inconvenience; <i>mischief</i> is an injury which disturbs the order and consistency of things. We often suffer <i>damage</i> or <i>harm</i> from accident, but <i>mischief</i> always springs from perversity or folly.</usage>

<h1>Mischief</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis"chief</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To do harm to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Mischiefable</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis"chief*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mischievous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Lydgate.</i>

<h1>Mischiefful</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis"chief*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mischievous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foote.</i>

<h1>Mischief-maker</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis"chief-mak`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes mischief; one who excites or instigates quarrels or enmity.</def>

<h1>Mischief-making</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis"chief-mak`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing harm; exciting enmity or quarrels.</def> <i>Rowe</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or practice of making mischief, inciting quarrels, etc.</def></def2>

<h1>Mischievous</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis"chie*vous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing mischief; harmful; hurtful; -- now often applied where the evil is done carelessly or in sport; <as>as, a <ex>mischievous</ex> child</as>.</def> "Most <i>mischievous</i> foul sin."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>This false, wily, doubling disposition is intolerably <b>mischievous</b> to society.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Harmful; hurtful; detrimental; noxious; pernicious; destructive.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Mis"chie*vous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mis"chie*vous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mischna</h1>
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<hw>Misch"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mishna</er>.</def>

<h1>Mischnic</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Misch"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Mishnic</er>.</def>

<h1>Mischoose</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*choose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Mischose</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Mischosen</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mischoosing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To choose wrongly.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Mischoose</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*choose"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a wrong choice.</def>

<h1>Mischristen</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*chris"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To christen wrongly.</def>

<h1>Miscibility</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`ci*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>miscibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capability of being mixed.</def>

<h1>Miscible</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>miscible</ets>, fr. L. <ets>miscere</ets> to mix.]</ety> <def>Capable of being mixed; mixable; <as>as, water and alcohol are <ex>miscible</ex> in all proportions</as>.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Miscitation</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`ci*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Erroneous citation.</def>

<h1>Miscite</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*cite"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cite erroneously.</def>

<h1>Misclaim</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*claim"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mistaken claim.</def>

<h1>Miscognizant</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*cog"ni*zant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Not cognizant; ignorant; not knowing.</def>

<h1>Miscognize</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*cog"nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fail to apprehend; to misunderstand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Miscollocation</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*col`lo*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong collocation.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Miscolor</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*col"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give a wrong color to; figuratively, to set forth erroneously or unfairly; <as>as, to <ex>miscolor</ex> facts</as>.</def>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Miscomfort</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*com"fort</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Discomfort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Miscomprehend</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*com`pre*hend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To get a wrong idea of or about; to misunderstand.</def>

<h1>Miscomputation</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*com`pu*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Erroneous computation; false reckoning.</def>

<h1>Miscompute</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`com*pute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Miscount</er>.]</ety> <def>To compute erroneously.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Misconceit</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`con*ceit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Misconception.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misconceive</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`con*ceive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Misconceived</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misconceiving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To conceive wrongly; to interpret incorrectly; to receive a false notion of; to misjudge; to misapprehend.</def>

<blockquote>Those things which, for want of due consideration heretofore, they have <b>misconceived</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To misapprehend; misunderstand; mistake.</syn>

<h1>Misconceiver</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`con*ceiv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who misconceives.</def>

<h1>Misconception</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`con*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Erroneous conception; false opinion; wrong understanding.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Misconclusion</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`con*clu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An erroneous inference or conclusion.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Misconduct</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*con"duct</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong conduct; bad behavior; mismanagement.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Misbehavior; misdemeanor; mismanagement; misdeed; delinquency; offense.</syn>

<h1>Misconduct</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`con*duct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To conduct amiss; to mismanage.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<cs><col>To misconduct one's self</col>, <cd>to behave improperly.</cd></cs>

<h1>Misconduct</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`con*duct"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To behave amiss.</def>

<h1>Misconfident</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*con"fi*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a mistaken confidence; wrongly trusting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Misconjecture</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`con*jec"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wrong conjecture or guess.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Misconjecture</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`con*jec"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To conjecture wrongly.</def>

<h1>Misconsecrate</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*con"se*crate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To consecrate amiss.</def> "<i>Misconsecrated</i> flags."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Misconsecration</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*con`se*cra"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong consecration.</def>

<h1>Misconsequence</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*con"se*quence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wrong consequence; a false deduction.</def>

<h1>Misconstruable</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*con"stru*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be misconstrued, as language or conduct.</def>

<i>R. North.</i>

<h1>Misconstruct</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`con*struct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To construct wrongly; to construe or interpret erroneously.</def>

<h1>Misconstruction</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`con*struc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Erroneous construction; wrong interpretation.</def>

<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i>

<h1>Misconstrue</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*con"strue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Misconstrued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misconstruing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To construe wrongly; to interpret erroneously.</def>

<blockquote>Do not, great sir, <b>misconstrue</b> his intent.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Much afflicted to find his actions <b>misconstrued</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Misconstruer</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*con"stru*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who misconstrues.</def>

<h1>Miscontent</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`con*tent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Discontent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Miscontinuance</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`con*tin"u*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Discontinuance; also, continuance by undue process.</def>

<h1>Miscopy</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*copy"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To copy amiss.</def>

<h1>Miscopy</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*copy"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mistake in copying.</def>

<i>North Am. Rev.</i>

<h1>Miscorrect</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`cor*rect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fail or err in attempting to correct.</def> "Scaliger <i>miscorrects</i> his author."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Miscounsel</h1>
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<hw>Mis*coun"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To counsel or advise wrongly.</def>

<h1>Miscount</h1>
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<hw>Mis*count"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>mesconter</ets>, F. <ets>m\'82compter</ets>. Cf. <er>Miscompute</er>.]</ety> <def>To count erroneously.</def>

<h1>Miscount</h1>
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<hw>Mis*count"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82compte</ets> error, OF. <ets>mesconte</ets>.]</ety> <def>An erroneous counting.</def>

<h1>Miscovet</h1>
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<hw>Mis*cov"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To covet wrongfully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Miscreance, Miscreancy</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw><hw>Mis"cre*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mis"cre*an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>mescreance</ets>, F. <ets>m\'82cr\'82ance</ets> incredulity.]</ety> <def>The quality of being miscreant; adherence to a false religion; false faith.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Miscreant</h1>
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<hw>Mis"cre*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>mescreant</ets>, F. <ets>m\'82cr\'82ant</ets>; pref. <ets>mes-</ets> (L. <ets>minus</ets> less) + p. pr. fr. L. <ets>credere</ets> to believe. See <er>Creed</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who holds a false religious faith; a misbeliever.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser. De Quincey.</i>

<blockquote>Thou oughtest not to be slothful to the destruction of the <b>miscreants</b>, but to constrain them to obey our Lord God.
<i>Rivers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One not restrained by Christian principles; an unscrupulous villain; a while wretch.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Miscreant</h1>
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<hw>Mis"cre*ant</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Holding a false religious faith.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destitute of conscience; unscrupulous.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Miscreate</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`cre*ate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Miscreated; illegitimate; forged; <as>as, <ex>miscreate</ex> titles</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poet.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Miscreate</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`cre*ate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To create badly or amiss.</def>

<h1>Miscreated</h1>
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<hw>Mis`cre*at"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed unnaturally or illegitimately; deformed.</def>

<i>Spenser. Milton.</i>

<h1>Miscreative</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`cre*a"tive</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Creating amiss.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Miscredent</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*cre"dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>mis-</ets> + <ets>credent</ets>. Cf. <er>Miscreant</er>.]</ety> <def>A miscreant, or believer in a false religious doctrine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Miscredulity</h1>
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<hw>Mis`cre*du"li*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong credulity or belief; misbelief.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Miscue</h1>
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<hw>Mis*cue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Billiards)</fld> <def>A false stroke with a billiard cue, the cue slipping from the ball struck without impelling it as desired.</def>

<h1>Misdate</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*date"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Misdated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misdating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To date erroneously.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Misdeal</h1>
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<hw>Mis*deal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Misdealt</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misdealing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deal or distribute wrongly, as cards; to make a wrong distribution.</def>

<h1>Misdeal</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*deal"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of misdealing; a wrong distribution of cards to the players.</def>

<h1>Misdeed</h1>
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<hw>Mis*deed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>misd<?/d</ets>. See <er>Deed</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>An evil deed; a wicked action.</def>

<blockquote>Evils which our own <b>misdeeds</b> have wrought.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Misconduct; misdemeanor; fault; offense; trespass; transgression; crime.</syn>

<h1>Misdeem</h1>
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<hw>Mis*deem"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To misjudge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Misdemean</h1>
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<hw>Mis`de*mean"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To behave ill; -- with a reflexive pronoun; <as>as, to <ex>misdemean</ex> one's self</as>.</def>

<h1>Misdemeanant</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`de*mean"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One guilty of a misdemeanor.</def>

<i>Sydney Smith.</i>

<h1>Misdemeanor</h1>
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<hw>Mis`de*mean"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ill behavior; evil conduct; fault.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A crime less than a felony.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<note>&hand; As a rule, in the old English law, offenses capitally punishable were felonies; all other indictable offenses were misdemeanors. In common usage, the word <i>crime</i> is employed to denote the offenses of a deeper and more atrocious dye, while small faults and omissions of less consequence are comprised under the gentler name of <i>misdemeanors</i>.

<i>Blackstone.</i>

   The distinction, however, between felonies and misdemeanors is purely arbitrary, and is in most jurisdictions either abrogated or so far reduced as to be without practical value. Cf. <er>Felony</er>.

<i>Wharton.</i></note>

<syn>Syn. -- Misdeed; misconduct; misbehavior; fault; trespass; transgression.</syn>

<h1>Misdempt</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*dempt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs. p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Misdeem</er>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Misdepart</h1>
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<hw>Mis`de*part"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To distribute wrongly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He <b>misdeparteth</b> riches temporal.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Misderive</h1>
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<hw>Mis`de*rive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To turn or divert improperly; to misdirect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To derive erroneously.</def>

<h1>Misdescribe</h1>
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<hw>Mis`de*scribe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To describe wrongly.</def>

<h1>Misdesert</h1>
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<hw>Mis`de*sert"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ill desert.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Misdevotion</h1>
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<hw>Mis`de*vo"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mistaken devotion.</def>

<h1>Misdiet</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*di"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Improper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Misdiet</h1>
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<hw>Mis*di"et</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To diet improperly.</def>

<h1>Misdight</h1>
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<hw>Mis*dight"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Arrayed, prepared, or furnished, unsuitably.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Misdirect</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`di*rect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give a wrong direction to; <as>as, to <ex>misdirect</ex> a passenger, or a letter; to <ex>misdirect</ex> one's energies.</as></def>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<h1>Misdirection</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`di*rec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of directing wrongly, or the state of being so directed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An error of a judge in charging the jury on a matter of law.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Misdisposition</h1>
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<hw>Mis*dis`po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Erroneous disposal or application.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Misdistinguish</h1>
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<hw>Mis`dis*tin"guish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make wrong distinctions in or concerning.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Misdivide</h1>
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<hw>Mis`di*vide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To divide wrongly.</def>

<h1>Misdivision</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`di*vi"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong division.</def>

<h1>Misdo</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*do"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Misdid</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Misdone</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misdoing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>misd<?/n</ets>. See <er>Do</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To do wrongly.</def>

<blockquote>Afford me place to show what recompense
To wards thee I intend for what I have <b>misdone</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To do wrong to; to illtreat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Misdo</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*do"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To do wrong; to commit a fault.</def>

<blockquote>I have <b>misdone</b>, and I endure the smart.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Misdoer</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*do"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wrongdoer.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Misdoing</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*do"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wrong done; a fault or crime; an offense; <as>as, it was my <ex>misdoing</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Misdoubt</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*doubt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To be suspicious of; to have suspicion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I do not <b>misdoubt</b> my wife.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Misdoubt</h1>
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<hw>Mis*doubt"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Suspicion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Irresolution; hesitation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Misdoubtful</h1>
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<hw>Mis*doubt"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <def>Misgiving; hesitating.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Her <i>misdoubtful</i> mind."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Misdread</h1>
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<hw>Mis*dread"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dread of evil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mise</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mise</ets> a putting, setting, expense, fr. <ets>mis</ets>, <ets>mise</ets>, p. p. of <ets>mettre</ets> to put, lay, fr. LL. <ets>mittere</ets> to send.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The issue in a writ of right.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expense; cost; disbursement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A tax or tallage; in Wales, an honorary gift of the people to a new king or prince of Wales; also, a tribute paid, in the country palatine of Chester, England, at the change of the owner of the earldom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misease</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*ease"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mesaise</ets>, OF. <ets>mesaise</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of ease; discomfort; misery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Miseased</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*eased"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having discomfort or misery; troubled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Miseasy</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*eas"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not easy; painful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misedition</h1>
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<hw>Mis`e*di"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An incorrect or spurious edition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Miseducate</h1>
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<hw>Mis*ed"u*cate</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To educate in a wrong manner.</def>

<h1>Misemploy</h1>
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<hw>Mis`em*ploy"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To employ amiss; <as>as, to <ex>misemploy</ex> time, advantages, talents, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Their frugal father's gains they <b>misemploy</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Misemployment</h1>
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<hw>Mis`em*ploy"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong or mistaken employment.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Misenter</h1>
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<hw>Mis*en"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To enter or insert wrongly, as a charge in an account.</def>

<h1>Misentreat</h1>
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<hw>Mis`en*treat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat wrongfully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Grafton.</i>

<h1>Misentry</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis*en"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An erroneous entry or charge, as of an account.</def>

<h1>Miser</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mi"ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>miser</ets> wretched, miserable; cf. Gr. <?/ hate, <?/, <?/ to hate: cf. It. & Sp. <ets>misero</ets> wretched, avaricious.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A wretched person; a person afflicted by any great misfortune.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>The woeful words of a <b>miser</b> now despairing.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A despicable person; a wretch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A covetous, grasping, mean person; esp., one having wealth, who lives miserably for the sake of saving and increasing his hoard.</def>

<blockquote>As some lone <b>miser</b>, visiting his store,
Bends at his treasure, counts, recounts it o'er.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A kind of large earth auger.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Miserable</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mis\'82rable</ets>, L. <ets>miserabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>miserari</ets> to lament, pity, fr. <ets>miser</ets> wretched. See <er>Miser</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Very unhappy; wretched.</def>

<blockquote>What hopes delude thee, <b>miserable</b> man?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing unhappiness or misery.</def>

<blockquote>What 's more <b>miserable</b> than discontent?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Worthless; mean; despicable; <as>as, a <ex>miserable</ex> fellow; a <ex>miserable</ex> dinner.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Miserable</b> comforters are ye all.
<i>Job xvi. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Avaricious; niggardly; miserly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Abject; forlorn; pitiable; wretched.</syn>

<h1>Miserable</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis"er*a*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A miserable person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Miserableness</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis"er*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being miserable.</def>

<h1>Miserably</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis"er*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a miserable; unhappily; calamitously; wretchedly; meanly.</def>

<blockquote>They were <b>miserably</b> entertained.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The fifth was <b>miserably</b> stabbed to death.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Miseration</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Commiseration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Miserere</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`e*re"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., have mercy, fr. <ets>misereri</ets> to have mercy, fr. <ets>miser</ets>. See <er>Miser</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The psalm usually appointed for penitential acts, being the 50th psalm in the Latin version. It commences with the word <i>miserere</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A musical composition adapted to the 50th psalm.</def>

<blockquote>Where only the wind signs <b>miserere</b>.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small projecting boss or bracket, on the under side of the hinged seat of a church stall (see <er>Stall</er>). It was intended, the seat being turned up, to give some support to a worshiper when standing. Called also <i>misericordia</i>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Ileus</er>.</def>

<h1>Misericorde</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis"er*i*corde"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mis\'82ricorde</ets>. See <er>Misericordia</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Compassion; pity; mercy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anc. Armor.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Misericordia</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Misericordia</h1>
<Xpage=929>

<hw>Mis`e*ri*cor"di*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., mercy, compassion; <ets>miser</ets> wretched + <ets>cor</ets>, <ets>cordis</ets>, heart.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(O. Law)</fld> <def>An amercement.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anc. Armor.)</fld> <def>A thin-bladed dagger; so called, in the Middle Ages, because used to give the death wound or "mercy" stroke to a fallen adversary.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An indulgence as to food or dress granted to a member of a religious order.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<hr>
<page="930">
Page 930<p>

<h1>Miserly</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mi"ser*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Miser</er>.]</ety> <def>Like a miser; very covetous; sordid; niggardly.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Avaricious; niggardly; sordid; parsimonious; penurious; covetous; stingy; mean. See <er>Avaricious</er>.</syn>

<h1>Misery</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mi"ser*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Miseries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>miserie</ets>, L. <ets>miseria</ets>, fr. <ets>miser</ets> wretched: cf. F. <ets>mis\'8are</ets>, OF. also, <ets>miserie</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Great unhappiness; extreme pain of body or mind; wretchedness; distress; woe.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Destruction and <b>misery</b> are in their ways.
<i>Rom. iii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cause of misery; calamity; misfortune.</def>

<blockquote>When we our betters see bearing our woes,
We scarcely think our <b>miseries</b> our foes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Covetousness; niggardliness; avarice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Wretchedness; torture; agony; torment; anguish; distress; calamity; misfortune.</syn>

<h1>Misesteem</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`es*teem"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82sestime</ets>.]</ety> <def>Want of esteem; disrespect.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Misestimate</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*es"ti*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To estimate erroneously.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Misexplanation</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*ex`pla*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An erroneous explanation.</def>

<h1>Misexplication</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*ex`pli*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong explication.</def>

<h1>Misexposition</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*ex`po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong exposition.</def>

<h1>Misexpound</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`ex*pound"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To expound erroneously.</def>

<h1>Misexpression</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`ex*pres"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong expression.</def>

<h1>Misfaith</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*faith"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of faith; distrust.</def> "[Anger] born of your <i>misfaith</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Misfall</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*fall"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Misfell</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Misfallen</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misfalling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To befall, as ill luck; to happen to unluckily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Misfare</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*fare"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>misfaran</ets>.]</ety> <def>To fare ill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Misfortune.</def></def2> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Misfashion</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*fash"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form wrongly.</def>

<h1>Misfeasance</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*fea"sance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. pref. <ets>mes-</ets> wrong (L. <ets>minus</ets> less) + <ets>faisance</ets> doing, fr. <ets>faire</ets> to do, L. <ets>facere</ets>. Cf. <er>Malfeasance</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A trespass; a wrong done; the improper doing of an act which a person might lawfully do.</def>

<i>Bouvier. Wharton.</i>

<h1>Misfeature</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*fea"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ill feature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Misfeeling</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*feel"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Insensate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Misfeign</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*feign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To feign with an evil design.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Misfit</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*fit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or the state of fitting badly; <as>as, a <ex>misfit</ex> in making a coat; a ludicrous <ex>misfit</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something that fits badly, as a garment.</def>

<blockquote>I saw an uneasy change in Mr. Micawber, which sat tightly on him, as if his new duties were a <b>misfit</b>.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Misform</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*form"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Misformed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misforming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make in an ill form.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Misformation</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`for*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Malformation.</def>

<h1>Misfortunate</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*for"tu*nate</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Producing misfortune.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misfortune</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*for"tune</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bad fortune or luck; calamity; an evil accident; disaster; mishap; mischance.</def>

<blockquote>Consider why the change was wrought,
You 'll find his <b>misfortune</b>, not his fault.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Calamity; mishap; mischance; misadventure; ill; harm; disaster. See <er>Calamity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Misfortune</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*for"tune</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To happen unluckily or unfortunately; to miscarry; to fail.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Stow.</i>

<h1>Misfortuned</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*for"tuned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unfortunate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misframe</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*frame"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To frame wrongly.</def>

<h1>Misget</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*get"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To get wrongfully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misgie</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*gie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Misgye</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misgive</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*give"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Misgave</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Misgiven</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misgiving</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To give or grant amiss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Laud.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: To give doubt and apprehension to, instead of confidence and courage; to impart fear to; to make irresolute; -- usually said of the mind or heart, and followed by the objective personal pronoun.</def>

<blockquote>So doth my heart <b>misgive</b> me in these conflicts
What may befall him, to his harm and ours.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Such whose consciences <b>misgave</b> them, how ill they had deserved.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To suspect; to dread.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Misgive</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*give"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To give out doubt and apprehension; to be fearful or irresolute.</def> "My mind <i>misgives</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Misgiving</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*giv"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Evil premonition; doubt; distrust.</def> "Suspicious and <i>misgivings</i>."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Migo</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mi*go"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To go astray.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Misgotten</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*got"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unjustly gotten.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Misgovern</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*gov"ern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To govern ill; <as>as, to <ex>misgovern</ex> a country</as>.</def>

<i>Knolles.</i>

<h1>Misgovernance</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*gov"ern*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Misgovernment; misconduct; misbehavior.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Misgoverned</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*gov"erned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ill governed, as a people; ill directed.</def> "Rude, <i>misgoverned</i> hands."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Misgovernment</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*gov"ern*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bad government; want of government.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Misgracious</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*gra"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not gracious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misgraff</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*graff"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To misgraft.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Misgraft</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*graft"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To graft wrongly.</def>

<h1>Misground</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*ground"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To found erroneously.</def> "<i>Misgrounded</i> conceit."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Misgrowth</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*growth"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Bad growth; an unnatural or abnormal growth.</def>

<h1>Misguess</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*guess"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To guess wrongly.</def>

<h1>Misguidance</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*guid"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong guidance.</def>

<h1>Misguide</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*guide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To guide wrongly; to lead astray; <as>as, to <ex>misguide</ex> the understanding</as>.</def>

<h1>Misguide</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*guide"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Misguidance; error.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Misguiding</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*guid"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Misleading.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mis*guid"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Misgye</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*gye"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To misguide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mishandle</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*han"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To handle ill or wrongly; to maltreat.</def>

<h1>Mishap</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*hap"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Evil accident; ill luck; misfortune; mischance.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Secure from worldly chances and <b>mishaps</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mishap</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*hap"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To happen unluckily; -- used impersonally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "If that me <i>mishap</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mishappen</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*hap"pen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To happen ill or unluckily.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Mishappy</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*hap"py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unhappy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mishcup</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mish*cup"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Scup</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The scup.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Mishear</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*hear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To hear incorrectly.</def>

<h1>Mishmash</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mish"mash`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>mish-mash</ets>, fr. <ets>mischen</ets> to mix.]</ety> <def>A hotchpotch.</def>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Mishna</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mish"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NHeb. <ets>mishn\'beh</ets>, i. e., repetition, doubling, explanation (of the divine law), fr. Heb. <ets>sh\'ben\'beh</ets> to change, to repeat.]</ety> <def>A collection or digest of Jewish traditions and explanations of Scripture, forming the text of the Talmud.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Mischna</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mishnic</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mish"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Mishna.</def>

<h1>Misimagination</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`im*ag`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong imagination; delusion.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Misimprove</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`im*prove"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To use for a bad purpose; to abuse; to misuse; <as>as, to <ex>misimprove</ex> time, talents, advantages, etc.</as></def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Misimprovement</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`im*prove"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ill use or employment; use for a bad purpose.</def>

<h1>Misincline</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis"in*cline"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to have a wrong inclination or tendency; to affect wrongly.</def>

<h1>Misinfer</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`in*fer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To infer incorrectly.</def>

<h1>Misinform</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`in*form"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give untrue information to; to inform wrongly.</def>

<h1>Misinform</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`in*form"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To give untrue information; (with <i>against</i>) to calumniate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Misinformant</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`in*form"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A misinformer.</def>

<h1>Misinformation</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*in`for*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Untrue or incorrect information.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Misinformer</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`in*form"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gives or incorrect information.</def>

<h1>Misinstruct</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`in*struct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To instruct amiss.</def>

<h1>Misinstruction</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`in*struc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong or improper instruction.</def>

<h1>Misintelligence</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`in*tel"li*gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wrong information; misinformation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disagreement; misunderstanding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misintend</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`in*tend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To aim amiss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misinterpret</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`in*ter"pret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To interpret erroneously; to understand or to explain in a wrong sense.</def>

<h1>Misinterpretable</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`in*ter"pret*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being misinterpreted; liable to be misunderstood.</def>

<h1>Misinterpretation</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`in*ter"pre*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of interpreting erroneously; a mistaken interpretation.</def>

<h1>Misinterpreter</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`in*ter"pret*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who interprets erroneously.</def>

<h1>Misjoin</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*join"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To join unfitly or improperly.</def>

<h1>Misjoinder</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*join"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An incorrect union of parties or of causes of action in a procedure, criminal or civil.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Misjudge</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*judge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To judge erroneously or unjustly; to err in judgment; to misconstrue.</def>

<h1>Misjudgment</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*judg"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>misjudgement</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wrong or unjust judgment.</def>

<h1>Miskeep</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*keep"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To keep wrongly.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Misken</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*ken"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Not to know.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Miskin</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. for <ets>music + -kin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A little bagpipe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Miskindle</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*kin"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To kindle amiss; to inflame to a bad purpose; to excite wrongly.</def>

<h1>Misknow</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*know"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To have a mistaken notion of or about.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Mislactation</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`lac*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Defective flow or vitiated condition of the milk.</def>

<h1>Mislay</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*lay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mislaid</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mislaying</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay in a wrong place; to ascribe to a wrong source.</def>

<blockquote>The fault is generally <b>mislaid</b> upon nature.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lay in a place not recollected; to lose.</def>

<blockquote>The... charter, indeed, was unfortunately <b>mislaid</b>: and the prayer of their petition was to obtain one of like import in its stead.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mislayer</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*lay"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who mislays.</def>

<h1>Misle</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mi"sle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Misled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prop. <ets>mistle</ets>, fr. <ets>mist</ets>. Cf. <er>Mistle</er>, <er>Mizzle</er>.]</ety> <def>To rain in very fine drops, like a thick mist; to mizzle.</def>

<h1>Misle</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mi"sle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fine rain; a thick mist; mizzle.</def>

<h1>Mislead</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*lead"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Misled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misleading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>misl<?/dan</ets>. See <er>Mis-</er>, and <er>Lead</er> to conduct.]</ety> <def>To lead into a wrong way or path; to lead astray; to guide into error; to cause to mistake; to deceive.</def>

<blockquote>Trust not servants who <b>mislead</b> or misinform you.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To give due light
To the <b>mislead</b> and lonely traveler.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To delude; deceive. See <er>Deceive</er>.</syn>

<h1>Misleader</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*lead"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who leads into error.</def>

<h1>Misleading</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*lead"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Leading astray; delusive.</def>

<h1>Mislearn</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*learn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To learn wrongly.</def>

<h1>Misled</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*led"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Mislead</er>.</def>

<h1>Milen</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mi"len</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Maslin</er>.</def>

<h1>Misletoe</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis"le*toe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mistletoe</er>.</def>

<h1>Mislight</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*light"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deceive or lead astray with a false light.</def>

<i>Herrick.</i>

<h1>Mislike</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*like"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Misliked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misliking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>misl\'c6cian</ets> to displease. See <er>Like</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>To dislike; to disapprove of; to have aversion to; <as>as, to <ex>mislike</ex> a man</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Who may like or <b>mislike</b> what he says.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mislike</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*like"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dislike; disapprobation; aversion.</def>

<h1>Misliker</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*lik"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dislikes.</def>

<h1>Misliking</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*lik"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dislike; aversion.</def>

<h1>Mislin</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <def>See <er>Maslin</er>.</def>

<h1>Mislive</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*live"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To live amiss.</def>

<h1>Mislodge</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*lodge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lodge amiss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misluck</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*luck"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ill luck; misfortune.</def>

<h1>Misly</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Raining in very small drops.</def>

<h1>Mistake</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*take"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make or form amiss; to spoil in making.</def> "Limping possibilities of <i>mismade</i> human nature."

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Mismanage</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*man"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To manage ill or improperly; <as>as, to <ex>mismanage</ex> public affairs</as>.</def>

<h1>Mismanagement</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*man"age*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong or bad management; <as>as, he failed through <ex>mismagement</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Mismanager</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*man"a*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who manages ill.</def>

<h1>Mismark</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*mark"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mark wrongly.</def>

<h1>Mismatch</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*match"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To match unsuitably.</def>

<h1>Mismate</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*mate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mate wrongly or unsuitably; <as>as, to <ex>mismate</ex> gloves or shoes; a <ex>mismated</ex> couple.</as></def><-- = mismatch. -->

<h1>Mismeasure</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*meas"ure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To measure or estimate incorrectly.</def>

<h1>Mismeasurement</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*meas"ure*ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong measurement.</def>

<h1>Mismeter</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*me"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give the wrong meter to, as to a line of verse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Misname</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*name"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To call by the wrong name; to give a wrong or inappropriate name to.</def>

<h1>Misnomer</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*no"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. pref. <ets>mes-</ets> amiss, wrong (L. <ets>minus</ets> less) + F. <ets>nommer</ets> to name, L. <ets>nominare</ets>, fr. <ets>nomen</ets> name. See <er>Name</er>.]</ety> <def>The misnaming of a person in a legal instrument, as in a complaint or indictment; any misnaming of a person or thing; a wrong or inapplicable name or title.</def>

<blockquote>Many of the changes, by a great <b>misnomer</b>, called parliamentary "reforms".
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The word "synonym" is fact a <b>misnomer</b>.
<i>Whatel<?/.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Misnomer</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*no"mer</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To misname.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Misnumber</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*num"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To number wrongly.</def>

<h1>Misnurture</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*nur"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To nurture or train wrongly; <as>as, to <ex>misnurture</ex> children</as>.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Misobedience</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`o*be"di*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mistaken obedience; disobedience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Misobserve</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`ob*serve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To observe inaccurately; to mistake in observing.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Misobserver</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`ob*serv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who misobserves; one who fails to observe properly.</def>

<h1>Misogamist</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mi*sog"a*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to hate + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <def>A hater of marriage.</def>

<h1>Misogamy</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mi*sog"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>misogamie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hatre<?/ of marriage.</def>

<h1>Misogynist</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mi*sog"y*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ to hate + <?/ woman: cf. F. <ets>misogyne</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woman hater.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Misogynous</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mi*sog"y*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hating women.</def>

<h1>Misogyny</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mi*sog"y*ny</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>misogynie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hatred of women.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Misology</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mi*sol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ to hate + <?/ discourse.]</ety> <def>Hatred of argument or discussion; hatred of enlightenment.</def>

<i>G. H. Lewes.</i>

<h1>Misopinion</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`o*pin"ion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong opinion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misorder</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*or"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To order ill; to manage erroneously; to conduct badly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Misorder</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*or"der</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Irregularity; disorder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Misorderly</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*or"der*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Irregular; disorderly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misordination</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*or`di*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong ordination.</def>

<h1>Misotheism</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis"o*the`ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to hate + <?/ god.]</ety> <def>Hatred of God.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Mispaint</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*paint"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To paint ill, or wrongly.</def>

<h1>Mispassion</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*pas"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong passion or feeling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mispay</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*pay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Appay</er>.]</ety> <def>To dissatisfy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<mhw><h1>Mispell, v. t., Mispend</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*pell"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <hw>Mis*pend"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, etc.</mhw> <def>See <er>Misspell</er>, <er>Misspend</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Mispense</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*pense"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Misspense</er>.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Misperception</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`per*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Erroneous perception.</def>

<h1>Mispersuade</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`per*suade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To persuade amiss.</def>

<h1>Mispersuasion</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis`per*sua"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A false persuasion; wrong notion or opinion.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Mispickel</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*pick"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Arsenical iron pyrites; arsenopyrite.</def>

<h1>Misplace</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*place"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Misplaced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misplacing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To put in a wrong place; to set or place on an improper or unworthy object; <as>as, he <ex>misplaced</ex> his confidence</as>.</def>

<h1>Misplacement</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*place"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of misplacing, or the state of being misplaced.</def>

<h1>Misplead</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*plead"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To err in pleading.</def>

<h1>Mispleading</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*plead"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An error in pleading.</def>

<h1>Mispoint</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*point"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To point improperly; to punctuate wrongly.</def>

<h1>Mispolicy</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*pol"i*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong policy; impolicy.</def>

<h1>Mispractice</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*prac"tice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong practice.</def>

<h1>Mispraise</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*praise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To praise amiss.</def>

<h1>Misprint</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*print"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To print wrong.</def>

<h1>Misprint</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*print"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mistake in printing; a deviation from the copy; <as>as, a book full of <ex>misprints</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Misprise</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*prise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Misprize</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Misprise</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*prise"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>mesprise</ets> mistake, F. <ets>m\'82prise</ets>, fr. <ets>mespris</ets>, masc., <ets>mesprise</ets>, fem., p. p. of <ets>mesprendre</ets> to mistake; F. <ets>m\'82prendre</ets>; pref. <ets>mes-</ets> amiss + <ets>prendre</ets> to take, L. <ets>prehendere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To mistake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Misprision</h1>
<Xpage=930>

<hw>Mis*pri"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>misprisio</ets>, or OF. <ets>mesprison</ets>, prop., a mistaking, but confused with OF. <ets>mespris</ets> contempt, F. <ets>m\'82pris</ets>. See 2d <er>Misprise</er>, <er>Misprize</er>, <er>Prison</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of misprising; misapprehension; misconception; mistake.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>misprision</b> of this passage has aided in fostering the delusive notion.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Neglect; undervaluing; contempt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A neglect, negligence, or contempt.</def>

<note>&hand; In its larger and older sense it was used to signify "every considerable misdemeanor which has not a certain name given to it in the law."

<i>Russell.</i>

   In a more modern sense it is applied exclusively to two offenses: --

  1. Misprision of treason, which is omission to notify the authorities of an act of treason by a person cognizant thereof. <i>Stephen</i>. 2. Misprision of felony, which is a concealment of a felony by a person cognizant thereof.

<i>Stephen.</i>

<hr>
<page="931">
Page 931<p>

<h1>Misprize</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis*prize"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>mesprisier</ets> to deprise, F. <ets>m\'82priser</ets>; pref. amiss, wrong (L. <ets>minus</ets> less + LL. <ets>pretium</ets> price. See <er>price</er>, <er>Prize</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>To slight or undervalue.</def>

<blockquote>O, for those vanished hours, so much <b>misprized</b>!
<i>Hillhouse.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I do not blame them, madam, nor <b>misprize</b>.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Misproceeding</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis`pro*ceed"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong or irregular proceding.</def>

<h1>Misprofess</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis`pro*fess"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt><def>To make a false profession; to make pretensions to skill which is not possessed.</def>

<h1>Misprofess</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis`pro*fess"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a false profession of.</def>

<h1>Mispronounce</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis`pro*nounce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mispronounced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mispronouncing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To pronounce incorrectly.</def>

<h1>Mispronunciation</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis`pro*nun`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong or improper pronunciation.</def>

<h1>Misproportion</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis`pro*por"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give wrong proportions to; to join without due proportion.</def>

<h1>Misproud</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis*proud"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Viciously proud.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mispunctuate</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis*punc"tu*ate</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To punctuate wrongly or incorrectly.</def>

<h1>Misquotation</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis`quo*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Erroneous or inaccurate quotation.</def>

<h1>Misquote</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis*quote"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To quote erroneously or incorrectly.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Misraise</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis*raise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To raise or exite unreasonable.</def> "<i>Misraised</i> fury."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Misrate</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis*rate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To rate erroneously.</def>

<h1>Misread</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis*read"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Misread</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misreading</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To read amiss; to misunderstand in reading.</def>

<h1>Misreceive</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis`re*ceive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To receive wrongly.</def>

<h1>Misrecital</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis`re*cit"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inaccurate recital.</def>

<h1>Misrecite</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis`re*cite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To recite erroneously.</def>

<h1>Misreckon</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis*reck"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To reckon wrongly; to miscalculate.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Misreckoning</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis*reck"on*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An erroneous computation.</def>

<h1>Misrecollect</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis*rec`ol*lect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To have an erroneous remembrance of; to suppose erroneously that one recollects.</def>

<i>Hitchcock.</i>

<h1>Misrecollection</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis*rec`ol*lec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Erroneous or inaccurate recollection.</def>

<h1>Misreform</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis`re*form"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reform wrongly or imperfectly.</def>

<h1>Misregard</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis`re*gard"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong understanding; misconstruction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Misregulate</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis*reg"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To regulate wrongly or imperfectly; to fail to regulate.</def>

<h1>Misrehearse</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis`re*hearse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To rehearse or quote incorrectly.</def>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Misrelate</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis`re*late"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To relate inaccurately.</def>

<h1>Misrelation</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis`re*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Erroneous relation or narration.</def>

<i>Abp. Bramhall.</i>

<h1>Misreligion</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis`re*li"gion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>False religion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Misremember</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis`re*mem"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To mistake in remembering; not to remember correctly.</def>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Misrender</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis*ren"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render wrongly; to translate or recite wrongly.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Misrepeat</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis`re*peat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To repeat wrongly; to give a wrong version of.</def>

<i>Gov. Winthrop.</i>

<h1>Misreport</h1>
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<hw>Mis`re*port"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To report erroneously; to give an incorrect account of.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Misreport</h1>
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<hw>Mis`re*port"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An erroneous report; a false or incorrect account given.</def>

<i>Denham. South.</i>

<h1>Misrepresent</h1>
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<hw>Mis*rep`re*sent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To represent incorrectly (almost always, unfacorably); to give a false erroneous representation of, either maliciously, ignirantly, or carelessly.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Misrepresent</h1>
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<hw>Mis*rep`re*sent"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make an incorrect or untrue representation.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Misrepresentation</h1>
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<hw>Mis*rep`re*sen*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Untrue representation; false or incorrect statement or account; -- usually unfavorable to the thing represented; <as>as, a <ex>misrepresentation</ex> of a person's motives</as>.</def>

<i>Sydney Smith.</i>

<note>&hand; In popular use, this word often conveys the idea of intentional untruth.</note>

<h1>Misrepresentative</h1>
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<hw>Mis*rep`re*sent"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to convey a wrong impression; misrepresenting.</def>

<h1>Misrepresenter</h1>
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<hw>Mis*rep`re*sent"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who misrepresents.</def>

<h1>Misrepute</h1>
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<hw>Mis`re*pute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To have in wrong estimation; to repute or estimate erroneously.</def>

<h1>Misrule</h1>
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<hw>Mis*rule"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To rule badly; to misgovern.</def>

<h1>Misrule</h1>
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<hw>Mis*rule"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act, or the result, of misruling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disorder; confusion; tumult from insubordination.</def>

<blockquote>Enormous riot and <b>misrule</b> surveyed.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Abbot</col>, &or; <col>Lord</col>, <col>of Misrule</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Abbot</er>, and <er>Lord</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Misruly</h1>
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<hw>Mis*rul"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unruly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Miss</h1>
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<hw>Miss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Misses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>mistress</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A title of courtesy prefixed to the name of a girl or a woman who has not been married. See <er>Mistress</er>, 5.</def>

<note>&hand; There is diversity of usage in the application of this title to two or more persons of the same name. We may write either <i>the Miss Browns</i> or <i>the Misses Brown</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A young unmarried woman or a girl; <as>as, she is a <ex>miss</ex> of sixteen</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Gay vanity, with smiles and kisses,
Was busy 'mongst the maids and misses.
<i>Cawthorn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kept mistress. See <er>Mistress</er>, 4.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>In the game of three-card loo, an extra hand, dealt on the table, which may be substituted for the hand dealt to a player.</def>

<h1>Miss</h1>
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<hw>Miss</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Missed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <er>p</er>.<er>pr</er>. & <er>vb</er>.<er>n</er>. <er>Missing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>missan</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>missen</ets>, OHG. <ets>missan</ets>, Icel. <ets>missa</ets>, Sw. <ets>mista</ets>, Dan. <ets>miste</ets>. \'fb100. See <er>Mis-</er>, pref.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fail of hitting, reaching, getting, finding, seeing, hearing, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>miss</ex> the mark one shoots at; to <ex>miss</ex> the train by being late; to <ex>miss</ex> opportunites of getting knowledge; to <ex>miss</ex> the point or meaning of something said.</as></def>

<blockquote>When a man <b>misses</b> his great end, happiness, he will acknowledge he judged not right.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To omit; to fail to have or to do; to get without; to dispense with; -- now seldom applied to persons.</def>

<blockquote>She would never <b>miss</b>, one day,
A walk so fine, a sight so gay.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We cannot <b>miss</b> him; he does make our fire,
Fetch in our wood.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To discover the absence or omission of; to feel the want of; to mourn the loss of; to want.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Neither <b>missed</b> we anything ... Nothing was <b>missed</b> of all that pertained unto him.
<i>1 Sam. xxv. 15, 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What by me thou hast lost, thou least shalt <b>miss</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To miss stays</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Stay</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Miss</h1>
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<hw>Miss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fail to hit; to fly wide; to deviate from the true direction.</def>

<blockquote>Men observe when things hit, and not when they <b>miss</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Flying bullets now,
To execute his rage, appear too slow;
They <b>miss</b>, or sweep but common souls away.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fail to obtain, learn, or find; -- with <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Upon the least reflection, we can not <b>miss</b> of them.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To go wrong; to err.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Amongst the angels, a whole legion
Of wicked sprites did fall from happy bliss;
What wonder then if one, of women all, did <b>miss</b>?
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be absent, deficient, or wanting. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Missing</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<blockquote>What here shall <b>miss</b>, our toil shall strive to mend.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Miss</h1>
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<hw>Miss</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of missing; failure to hit, reach, find, obtain, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Loss; want; felt absence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There will be no great <b>miss</b> of those which are lost.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Mistake; error; fault.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He did without any great <b>miss</b> in the hardest points of grammar.
<i>Ascham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Harm from mistake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Missa</h1>
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<hw>Mis"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Miss\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. See 1st <er>Mass</er>.]</ety> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>The service or sacrifice of the Mass.</def>

<h1>Missal</h1>
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<hw>Mis"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>missale</ets>, liber <ets>missalis</ets>, from <ets>missa</ets> mass: cf. F. <ets>missel</ets>. See 1st <er>Mass</er>.]</ety> <def>The book containing the service of the Mass for the entire year; a Mass book.</def>

<h1>Missal</h1>
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<hw>Mis"sal</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Mass, or to a missal or Mass book.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Missay</h1>
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<hw>Mis*say"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To say wrongly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To speak evil of; to slander.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Missay</h1>
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<hw>Mis*say"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To speak ill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Misseek</h1>
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<hw>Mis*seek"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To seek for wrongly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misseem</h1>
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<hw>Mis*seem"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a false appearance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To misbecome; to be misbecoming.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Missel</h1>
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<hw>Mis"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mistletoe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><mcol><col>Missel bird</col>, <col>Missel thrush</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large European thrush (<spn>Turdus viscivorus</spn>) which feeds on the berries of the mistletoe; -- called also <altname>mistletoe thrush</altname> and <i>missel<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Misseldine</h1>
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<hw>Mis"sel*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mistletoe</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>misselden</asp>.]</altsp> <def>The mistletoe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Baret.</i>

<h1>Misseltoe</h1>
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<hw>Mis"sel*toe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mistletoe</er>.</def>

<h1>Missemblance</h1>
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<hw>Mis*sem"blance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>False resemblance or semblance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Missend</h1>
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<hw>Mis*send"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To send amiss or incorrectly.</def>

<h1>Misserve</h1>
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<hw>Mis*serve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To serve unfaithfully.</def>

<h1>Misset</h1>
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<hw>Mis*set"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To set pr place wrongly.</def>

<h1>Misshape</h1>
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<hw>Mis*shape"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shape ill; to give an ill or unnatural from to; to deform.</def> "Figures monstrous and <i>misshaped</i>."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Misshapen</h1>
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<hw>Mis*shap"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a bad or ugly form.</def> "The mountains are <i>misshapen</i>."

<i>Bentley.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Mis*shap"en*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mis*shap"en*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Missheathed</h1>
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<hw>Mis*sheathed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sheathed by mistake; wrongly sheathed; sheathed in a wrong place.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Missificate</h1>
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<hw>Mis*sif"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>missa</ets> Mass + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>fy-</er>.]</ety> <def>To perform Mass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Missile</h1>
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<hw>Mis"sile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>missils</ets>, fr. <ets>mittere</ets>, <ets>missum</ets>, to cause to go, to send, to throw; cf. Lith. <ets>mesti</ets> to throw: cf. F. <ets>missile</ets>. Cf. <er>Admit</er>, <er>Dismiss</er>, <er>Mass</er> the religious service, <er>Message</er>, <er>Mission</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being thrown; adapted for hurling or to be projected from the hand, or from any instrument or rngine, so as to strike an object at a distance.</def>

<blockquote>We bend the bow, or wing the <b>missile</b> dart.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Missile</h1>
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<hw>Mis"sile</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>missile</ets>.]</ety> <def>A weapon thrown or projected or intended to be projcted, as a lance, an arrow, or a bullet.</def>

<h1>Missing</h1>
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<hw>Miss"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Miss</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>Absent from the place where it was expected to be found; lost; wanting; not present when called or looked for.</def>

<blockquote>Neither was there aught <b>missing</b> unto them.
<i>1 Sam. xxv. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For a time caught up to God, as once
Moses was in the mount, and <b>missing</b> long.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Missingly</h1>
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<hw>Miss"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With a sense of loss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mission</h1>
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<hw>Mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>missio</ets>, fr. <ets>mittere</ets>, <ets>missum</ets>, to send: cf. F. <ets>mission</ets>. See <er>Missile</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of sending, or the state of being sent; a being sent or delegated by authority, with certain powers for transacting business; comission.</def>

<blockquote>Whose glorious deeds, but in these fields of late,
Made emulous <b>missions</b>' mongst the gods themselves.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That with which a messenger or agent is charged; an errand; business or duty on which one is sent; a commission.</def>

<blockquote>How to begin, how to accomplish best
His end of being on earth, and <b>mission</b> high.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Persons sent; any number of persons appointed to perform any service; a delegation; an embassy.</def>

<blockquote>In these ships there should be a <b>mission</b> of three of the fellows or brethren of Solomon's house.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An assotiation or organization of missionaries; a station or residence of missionaries.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An organization for worship and work, dependent on one or more churches.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A course of extraordinary sermons and services at a particular place and time for the special purpose of quickening the faith and zeal participants, and of converting unbelievers.</def>

<i>Addis & Arnold.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Dismission; discharge from service.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Mission school</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A school connected with a mission and conducted by missionaries</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A school for the religious instruction of children not having regular church privileges.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Message; errand; commission; deputation.</syn>

<h1>Mission</h1>
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<hw>Mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To send on a mission.</def> <mark>[Mostly used in the form of the past participle.]</mark>

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Missionary</h1>
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<hw>Mis"sion*ary</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Missionaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>missionnaire</ets>. See <er>Mission</er>, <tt>n</tt>.]</ety> <def>One who is sent on a mission; especially, one sent to propagate religion.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<cs><col>Missionary apostolic</col>, <cd>a Roman Catholic missionary sent by commission from the pope.</cd></cs>

<h1>Missionary</h1>
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<hw>Mis"sion*a*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to missions; <as>as, a <ex>missionary</ex> meeting; a <ex>missionary</ex> fund.</as></def>

<h1>Missioner</h1>
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<hw>Mis"sion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A missionary; an envoy; one who conducts a mission. See <er>Mission</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 6.</def> "Like mighty <i>missioner</i> you come."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Missis</h1>
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<hw>Mis"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mistress; a wife; -- so used by the illiterate.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Missish</h1>
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<hw>Miss"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a miss; prim; affected; sentimental.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Miss"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Missit</h1>
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<hw>Mis*sit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sit badly or imperfectly upon; to misbecome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Missive</h1>
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<hw>Mis"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Missive</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Specially sent; intended or prepared to be sent; <as>as, a letter <ex>missive</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Missile.</def> "The <i>missive</i> weapons fly."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<cs><col>Letters missive</col>, <cd>letters conveying the permission, comand, or advice of a superior authority, as a sovereign. They are addressed and sent to some certain person or persons, and are distinguished from <i>letters patent<i>, which are addressed to the public.</cd></cs>

<h1>Missive</h1>
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<hw>Mis"sive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. lettre <ets>missive</ets>. See <er>Mission</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is sent; a writing containing a message.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is sent; a messenger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Missound</h1>
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<hw>Mis*sound"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sound wrongly; to utter or pronounce incorrectly.</def>

<i>E,Hall.</i>

<h1>Misspeak</h1>
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<hw>Mis*speak"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To err in speaking.</def>

<h1>Misspeak</h1>
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<hw>Mis*speak"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter wrongly.</def>

<h1>Misspeech</h1>
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<hw>Mis*speech"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong speech.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misspell</h1>
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<hw>Mis*spell"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Misspelled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, or <er>Misspelt</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misspelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To spell incorrectly.</def>

<h1>Misspelling</h1>
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<hw>Mis*spell"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wrong spelling.</def>

<h1>Misspend</h1>
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<hw>Mis*spend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Misspent</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misspending</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To spend amiss or for wrong purposes; to aquander; to waste; <as>as, to <ex>misspend</ex> time or money</as>.</def>

<i>J. Philips.</i>

<h1>Misspender</h1>
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<hw>Mis*spend"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who misspends.</def>

<h1>misspense</h1>
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<hw>mis*spense"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A spending improperly; a wasting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Misspent</h1>
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<hw>Mis*spent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Misspend</er>.</def>

<h1>Misstate</h1>
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<hw>Mis*state"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To state wrongly; <as>as, to <ex>misstate</ex> a question in debate</as>.</def>

<i>Bp. Sanderson.</i>

<h1>Misstatement</h1>
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<hw>Mis*state"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An incorrect statement.</def>

<h1>Misstayed</h1>
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<hw>Mis*stayed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Having missed stays; -- said of a ship.</def>

<h1>Misstep</h1>
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<hw>Mis*step"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wrong step; an error of conduct.</def>

<h1>Misstep</h1>
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<hw>Mis*step"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take a wrong step; to go astray.</def>

<h1>Missuccess</h1>
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<hw>Mis`suc*cess"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Failure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Missuggestion</h1>
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<hw>Mis`sug*ges"tion</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong or evil suggestion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Missummation</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis`sum*ma"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong summation.</def>

<h1>Misswear</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis*swear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To swear falsely.</def>

<h1>Missy</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Misy</er>.</def>

<h1>Missy</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mis"sy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An affectionate, or contemptuous, form of <i>miss</i>; a young girl; a miss.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a miss, or girl.</def></def2>

<h1>Mist</h1>
<Xpage=931>

<hw>Mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>mist</ets>; akin to D. & Sw. <ets>mist</ets>, Icel. <ets>mistr</ets>, G. <ets>mist</ets> dung, Goth. <ets>ma\'a1hstus</ets>, AS. <ets>m\'c6gan</ets> to make water, Icel. <ets>m\'c6ga</ets>, Lith. <ets>migla</ets> mist, Russ. <ets>mgla</ets>, L. <ets>mingere</ets>, <ets>meiere</ets>, to make water, gr. <?/ to make water, <?/ mist, Skr. <ets>mih</ets> to make water, n., a mist <ets>m\'b5gha</ets> cloud. \'fb102. Cf. <er>Misle</er>, <er>Mizzle</er>, <er>Mixen</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Visible watery vapor suspended in the atmosphere, at or near the surface of the earth; fog.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Coarse, watery vapor, floating or falling in visible particles, approaching the form of rain; <as>as, Scotch <ex>mist</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, anything which dims or darkens, and obscures or intercepts vision.</def>

<blockquote>His passion cast a <b>mist</b> before his sense.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Mist flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a composite plant (<spn>Eupatorium c\'d2lestinum</spn>), having heart-shaped leaves, and corymbs of lavender-blue flowers. It is found in the Western and Southern United States.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mist</h1>
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<hw>Mist</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Misted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cloud; to cover with mist; to dim.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mist</h1>
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<hw>Mist</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt><def>To rain in very fine drops; <as>as, it <ex>mists</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Mistakable</h1>
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<hw>Mis*tak"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Liable to be mistaken; capable of being misconceived.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Mistake</h1>
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<hw>Mis*take"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & obs. p. p.</tt> <er>Mistook</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Mistaken</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mistaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>mis-</ets> + <ets>take</ets>: cf. Icel. <ets>mistaka</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take or choose wrongly.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take in a wrong sense; to misunderstand misapprehend, or misconceive; <as>as, to <ex>mistake</ex> a remark; to <ex>mistake</ex> one's meaning.</as></def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>My father's purposes have been <b>mistook</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To substitute in thought or perception; <as>as, to <ex>mistake</ex> one person for another</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A man may <b>mistake</b> the love of virtue for the practice of it.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To have a wrong idea of in respect of character, qualities, etc.; to misjudge.</def>

<blockquote><b>Mistake</b> me not so much,
To think my poverty is treacherous.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mistake</h1>
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<hw>Mis*take"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To err in knowledge, perception, opinion, or judgment; to commit an unintentional error.</def>

<blockquote>Servants <b>mistake</b>, and sometimes occasion misunderstanding among friends.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="932">
Page 932<p>

<h1>Mistake</h1>
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<hw>Mis*take"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An apprehending wrongly; a misconception; a misunderstanding; a fault in opinion or judgment; an unintentional error of conduct.</def>

<blockquote>Infallibility is an absolute security of the understanding from all possibility of <b>mistake</b>.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Misconception, error, which when non-negligent may be ground for rescinding a contract, or for refusing to perform it.</def>

<cs><col>No mistake</col>, <cd>surely; without fail; <as>as, it will happen at the appointed time, and <ex>no mistake<ex>. <mark>[Low]</mark></as></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Blunder; error; bull. See <er>Blunder</er>.</syn>

<h1>Mistaken</h1>
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<hw>Mis*tak"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p.a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being in error; judging wrongly; having a wrong opinion or a misconception; <as>as, a <ex>mistaken</ex> man; he is <ex>mistaken</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Erroneous; wrong; <as>as, a <ex>mistaken</ex> notion</as>.</def>

<h1>Mistakenly</h1>
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<hw>Mis*tak"en*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By mistake.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Mistakenness</h1>
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<hw>Mis*tak"en*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Erroneousness.</def>

<h1>Mistaker</h1>
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<hw>Mis*tak"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who mistakes.</def>

<blockquote>Well meaning ignorance of some <b>mistakers</b>.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mistaking</h1>
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<hw>Mis*tak"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An error; a mistake.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mistakingly</h1>
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<hw>Mis*tak"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Erroneously.</def>

<h1>Mistaught</h1>
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<hw>Mis*taught"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Misteach</er>.]</ety> <def>Wrongly taught; <as>as, a <ex>mistaught</ex> youth</as>.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Misteach</h1>
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<hw>Mis*teach"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mistaught</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misteaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>mist<?/can</ets>.]</ety> <def>To teach wrongly; to instruct erroneously.</def>

<h1>Mistell</h1>
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<hw>Mis*tell"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mistold</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mistelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To tell erroneously.</def>

<h1>Mistemper</h1>
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<hw>Mis*tem"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To temper ill; to disorder; <as>as, to <ex>mistemper</ex> one's head</as>.</def>

<i>Warner.</i>

<blockquote>This inundation of <b>mistempered</b> humor.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mister</h1>
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<hw>Mis"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Master</er>, and cf. <er>Mistress</er>.]</ety> <def>A title of courtesy prefixed to the name of a man or youth. It is usually written in the abbreviated form <i>Mr</i>.</def>

<blockquote>To call your name, inquire your where,
Or whet you think of <b>Mister</b> Some-one's book,
Or <b>Mister</b> Other's marriage or decease.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mister</h1>
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<hw>Mis"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To address or mention by the title Mr.; <as>as, he <ex>mistered</ex> me in a formal way</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Mister</h1>
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<hw>Mis"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>mistier</ets> trade, office, ministry, need, F. <ets>m\'82tier</ets> trade, fr. L. <ets>ministerium</ets> service, office, ministry. See <er>Ministry</er>, <er>Mystery</er> trade.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mester</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A trade, art, or occupation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In youth he learned had a good <b>mester</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Manner; kind; sort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>But telleth me what <b>mester</b> men ye be.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Need; necessity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Mister</h1>
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<hw>Mis"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be needful or of use.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>As for my name, it <b>mistereth</b> not to tell.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Misterm</h1>
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<hw>Mis*term"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To call by a wrong name; to miscall.</def>

<h1>Mistery</h1>
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<hw>Mis"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mystery</er>, a trade.</def>

<h1>Mistful</h1>
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<hw>Mist"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Clouded with, or as with, mist.</def>

<h1>Misthink</h1>
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<hw>Mis*think"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Think</er>.]</ety> <def>To think wrongly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Adam <i>misthought</i> of her."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Misthink</h1>
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<hw>Mis*think"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To have erroneous thoughts or judgment of; to think ill of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Misthought</h1>
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<hw>Mis*thought"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Erroneous thought; mistaken opinion; error.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Misthrive</h1>
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<hw>Mis*thrive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To thrive poorly; to be not thrifty or prosperous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misthrow</h1>
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<hw>Mis*throw"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To throw wrongly.</def>

<h1>Mistic, Mistico</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mis"ti*co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>m\'a1stico</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of small sailing vessel used in the Mediterranean. It is rigged partly like a xebec, and partly like a felucca.</def>

<h1>Mistide</h1>
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<hw>Mis*tide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>mist\'c6dan</ets>. See <er>Tide</er>.]</ety> <def>To happen or come to pass unfortunately; also, to suffer evil fortune.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mistigris, Mistigri</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mis`ti`gris"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mis`ti`gri"</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mistigri</ets>.]</ety> <def>A variety of the game of poker in which the joker is used, and called <i>mistigris</i> or <i>mistigri</i>.</def>

<h1>Mistihead</h1>
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<hw>Mist"i*head</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mistiness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mistily</h1>
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<hw>Mist"i*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With mist; darkly; obscurely.</def>

<h1>Mistime</h1>
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<hw>Mis*time"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>mist\'c6main</ets> to turn out ill.]</ety> <def>To time wrongly; not to adapt to the time.</def>

<h1>Mistiness</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mist"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being misty.</def>

<h1>Mistion</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mistio</ets>, <ets>mixtio</ets>. See <er>Mix</er>, and cf. <er>Mixtion</er>.]</ety> <def>Mixture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mistitle</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis*ti"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To call by a wrong title.</def>

<h1>Mistle</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Eng. <ets>mist</ets>. See <er>Misle</er>, and <er>Mizzle</er>.]</ety> <def>To fall in very fine drops, as rain.</def>

<h1>Mistletoe</h1>
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<hw>Mis"tle*toe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>mistelt\'ben</ets>; <ets>mistel</ets> mistletoe + <ets>t\'ben</ets> twig. AS. <ets>mistel</ets> is akin of D., G., Dan. & Sw. <ets>mistel</ets>, OHG. <ets>mistil</ets>, Icel. <ets>mistil</ets>teinn; and AS. <ets>t\'ben</ets> to D. <ets>teen</ets>, OHG. <ets>zein</ets>, Icel. <ets>teinn</ets>, Goth. <ets>tains</ets>. Cf. <er>Missel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A parasitic evergreen plant of Europe <fld>(Viscum album)</fld>, bearing a glutinous fruit. When found upon the oak, where it is rare, it was an object of superstitious regard among the Druids. A bird lime is prepared from its fruit.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>misletoe</asp>, <asp>misseltoe</asp>, and <asp>mistleto</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Lindley. Loudon.</i>

<note>&hand; The mistletoe of the United States is <spn>Phoradendron flavescens</spn>, having broader leaves than the European kind. In different regions various similar plants are called by this name.</note>

<h1>Mistonusk</h1>
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<hw>Mis"to*nusk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American badger.</def>

<h1>Mistook</h1>
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<hw>Mis*took"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & obs. p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Mistake</er>.</def>

<h1>Mistradition</h1>
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<hw>Mis`tra*di"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wrong tradition.</def> "Monsters of <i>mistradition</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Mistrain</h1>
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<hw>Mis*train"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To train amiss.</def>

<h1>Mistral</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Proven\'87al.]</ety> <def>A violent and cold northwest wind experienced in the Mediterranean provinces of France, etc.</def>

<h1>Mistranslate</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis`trans*late"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To translate erroneously.</def>

<h1>Mistranslation</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis`trans*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong translation.</def>

<h1>Mistransport</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis`trans*port"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To carry away or mislead wrongfully, as by passion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Mistreading</h1>
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<hw>Mis*tread"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Misstep; misbehavior.</def> "To punish my <i>mistreadings</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mistreat</h1>
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<hw>Mis*treat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To treat amiss; to abuse.</def>

<h1>Mistreatment</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis*treat"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong treatment.</def>

<h1>Mistress</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>maistress</ets>, OF. <ets>maistresse</ets>, F. <ets>ma\'8ctresse</ets>, LL. <ets>magistrissa</ets>, for L. <ets>magistra</ets>, fem. of <ets>magister</ets>. See <er>Master</er>, <er>Mister</er>, and cf. <er>Miss</er> a young woman.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A woman having power, authority, or ownership; a woman who exercises authority, is chief, etc.; the female head of a family, a school, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The late queen's gentlewoman! a knight's daughter!
To be her <b>mistress</b>' <b>mistress</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A woman well skilled in anything, or having the mastery over it.</def>

<blockquote>A letter desires all young wives to make themselves <b>mistresses</b> of Wingate's Arithmetic.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A woman regarded with love and devotion; she who has command over one's heart; a beloved object; a sweetheart.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A woman filling the place, but without the rights, of a wife; a concubine; a loose woman with whom one consorts habitually.</def>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A title of courtesy formerly prefixed to the name of a woman, married or unmarried, but now superseded by the contracted forms, <i>Mrs</i>., for a married, and <i>Miss</i>, for an unmarried, woman.</def>

<blockquote>Now <b>Mistress</b> Gilpin (careful soul).
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A married woman; a wife.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>Several of the neighboring <b>mistresses</b> had assembled to witness the event of this memorable evening.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The old name of the jack at bowls.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<cs><col>To be one's own mistress</col>, <cd>to be exempt from control by another person.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mistress</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis"tress</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To wait upon a mistress; to be courting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Mistressship</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis"tress*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Female rule or dominion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ladyship, a style of address; -- with the personal pronoun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Mistrial</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis*tri"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A false or erroneous trial; a trial which has no result.</def>

<h1>Mistrist</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis*trist"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mistrust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mistrow</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis*trow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To think wrongly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mistrust</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis*trust"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of confidence or trust; suspicion; distrust.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Mistrust</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis*trust"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To regard with jealousy or suspicion; to suspect; to doubt the integrity of; to distrust.</def>

<blockquote>I will never <b>mistrust</b> my wife again.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To forebode as near, or likely to occur; to surmise.</def>

<blockquote>By a divine instinct, men's minds <b>mistrust</b>
Ensuing dangers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mistruster</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis*trust"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who mistrusts.</def>

<h1>Mistrustful</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis*trust"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having or causing mistrust, suspicions, or forebodings.</def>

<blockquote>Their light blown out in some <b>mistrustful</b> wood.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Mis*trust"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mis*trust"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mistrustingly</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis*trust"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With distrust or suspicion.</def>

<h1>Mistrustless</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis*trust"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no mistrust or suspicion.</def>

<blockquote>The swain <b>mistrustless</b> of his smutted face.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mistune</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis*tune"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tune wrongly.</def>

<h1>Mistura</h1>
<Xpage=932>

<hw>Mis*tu"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Mixture</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mingled compound in which different ingredients are contained in a liquid state; a mixture. See <er>Mixture</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Sometimes, a liquid medicine containing very active substances, and which can only be administered by drops.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Misturn</h1>
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<hw>Mis*turn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To turn amiss; to pervert.</def>

<h1>Mistutor</h1>
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<hw>Mis*tu"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To instruct amiss.</def>

<h1>Misty</h1>
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<hw>Mist"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Mistier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Mistiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>mistig</ets>. See <er>Mist</er>. In some senses <ets>misty</ets> has been confused with <ets>mystic</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Accompained with mist; characterized by the presence of mist; obscured by, or overspread with, mist; <as>as, <ex>misty</ex> weather; <ex>misty</ex> mountains; a <ex>misty</ex> atmosphere.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Obscured as if by mist; dim; obscure; clouded; <as>as, <ex>misty</ex> sight</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The more I muse therein [theology],
The <b>mistier</b> it seemeth.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Misunderstand</h1>
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<hw>Mis*un`der*stand"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Misunderstood</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Misunderstanding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To misconceive; to mistake; to miscomprehend; to take in a wrong sense.</def>

<h1>Misunderstander</h1>
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<hw>Mis*un`der*stand"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who misunderstands.</def>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Misunderstanding</h1>
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<hw>Mis*un`der*stand"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mistake of the meaning; error; misconception.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disagreement; difference of opinion; dissension; quarrel.</def> "<i>Misunderstandings</i> among friends."

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Misurato</h1>
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<hw>Mi`su*ra"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Measured; -- a direction to perform a passage in strict or measured time.</def>

<h1>Misusage</h1>
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<hw>Mis*us"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>m\'82susage</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bad treatment; abuse.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Misuse</h1>
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<hw>Mis*use"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82suser</ets>. See <er>Mis-</er>, prefix from French, and <er>Use</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To treat or use improperly; to use to a bad purpose; to misapply; <as>as, to <ex>misuse</ex> one's talents</as>.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>The sweet poison of <b>misused</b> wine.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To abuse; to treat ill.</def>

<blockquote>O, she <b>misused</b> me past the endurance of a block.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To maltreat; abuse; misemploy; misapply.</syn>

<h1>Misuse</h1>
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<hw>Mis*use"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wrong use; misapplication; erroneous or improper use.</def>

<blockquote>Words little suspected for any such <b>misuse</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Violence, or its effects.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Misusement</h1>
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<hw>Mis*use"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Misuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Misuser</h1>
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<hw>Mis*us"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who misuses.</def> "Wretched <i>misusers</i> of language."

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Unlawful use of a right; use in excess of, or varying from, one's right.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Misvalue</h1>
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<hw>Mis*val"ue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To value wrongly or too little; to undervalue.</def>

<blockquote>But for I am so young, I dread my work
Wot be <b>misvalued</b> both of old and young.
<i>W. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Misvouch</h1>
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<hw>Mis*vouch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To vouch falsely.</def>

<h1>Miswander</h1>
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<hw>Mis*wan"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To wander in a wrong path; to stray; to go astray.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Misway</h1>
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<hw>Mis*way"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wrong way.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Miswear</h1>
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<hw>Mis*wear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To wear ill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Miswed</h1>
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<hw>Mis*wed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To wed improperly.</def>

<h1>Misween</h1>
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<hw>Mis*ween"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To ween amiss; to misjudge; to distrust; to be mistaken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Miswend</h1>
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<hw>Mis*wend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To go wrong; to go astray.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The world is <i>miswent</i>."

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Misword</h1>
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<hw>Mis*word"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To word wrongly; <as>as, to <ex>misword</ex> a message, or a sentence</as>.</def>

<h1>Misword</h1>
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<hw>Mis*word"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A word wrongly spoken; a cross word.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sylvester. Breton.</i>

<h1>Misworship</h1>
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<hw>Mis*wor"ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wrong or false worship; mistaken practices in religion.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<blockquote>Such hideous jungle of <b>misworships</b>.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Misworship</h1>
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<hw>Mis*wor"ship</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To worship wrongly.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Misworshiper</h1>
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<hw>Mis*wor"ship*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who worships wrongly.</def>

<h1>Miswrite</h1>
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<hw>Mis*write"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To write incorrectly.</def>

<h1>Miswrought</h1>
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<hw>Mis*wrought"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Badly wrought.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Misy</h1>
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<hw>Mi"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>misy</ets> a mineral, perh. copperas, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An impure yellow sulphate of iron; yellow copperas or copiapite.</def>

<h1>Misyoke</h1>
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<hw>Mis*yoke"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To yoke improperly.</def>

<h1>Miszealous</h1>
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<hw>Mis*zeal"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mistakenly zealous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mite</h1>
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<hw>Mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m\'c6te</ets> mite (in sense 1); akin to LG. <ets>mite</ets>, D. <ets>mijt</ets>, G. <ets>miete</ets>, OHG. <ets>m\'c6za</ets>; cf. Goth. <ets>maitan</ets> to cut.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A minute arachnid, of the order Acarina, of which there are many species; <as>as, the cheese <ex>mite</ex>, sugar <ex>mite</ex>, harvest <ex>mite</ex>, etc.</as> See <er>Acarina</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[D. <ets>mijt</ets>; prob. the same word.]</ety> <def>A small coin formerly circulated in England, rated at about a third of a farthing. The name is also applied to a small coin used in Palestine in the time of Christ.</def>

<blockquote>Two <b>mites</b>, which make a farthing.
<i>Mark xii. 49.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small weight; one twentieth of a grain.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything very small; a minute object; a very little quantity or particle.</def>

<blockquote>For in effect they be not worth a <b>myte</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Miter, Mitre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mi"ter</hw>, <hw>Mi"tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mitre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mitra</ets> headband, turban, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A covering for the head, worn on solemn occasions by church dignitaries. It has been made in many forms, the present form being a lofty cap with two points or peaks.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The surface forming the beveled end or edge of a piece where a miter joint is made; also, a joint formed or a junction effected by two beveled ends or edges; a miter joint.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Numis.)</fld> <def>A sort of base money or coin.</def>

<cs><col>Miter box</col> <fld>(Carp. & Print.)</fld>, <cd>an apparatus for guiding a handsaw at the proper angle in making a miter joint; esp., a wooden or metal trough with vertical kerfs in its upright sides, for guides.</cd> -- <col>Miter dovetail</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of dovetail for a miter joint in which there is only one joint line visible, and that at the angle.</cd> -- <col>Miter gauge</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a gauge for determining the angle of a miter.</cd> -- <col>Miter joint</col>, <cd>a joint formed by pieces matched and united upon a line bisecting the angle of junction, as by the beveled ends of two pieces of molding or brass rule, etc. The term is used especially when the pieces form a right angle. See <er>Miter</er>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Miter shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of numerous species of marine univalve shells of the genus <spn>Mitra</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Miter square</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a bevel with an immovable arm at an angle of 45&deg;, for striking lines on stuff to be mitered; also, a square with an arm adjustable to any angle.</cd> -- <col>Miter wheels</col>, <cd>a pair of bevel gears, of equal diameter, adapted for working together, usually with their axes at right angles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Miter, Mitre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mi"ter</hw>, <hw>Mi"tre</hw><hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mitered</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Mitred</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mitering</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Mitring</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place a miter upon; to adorn with a miter.</def> "<i>Mitered</i> locks."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To match together, as two pieces of molding or brass rule on a line bisecting the angle of junction; to bevel the ends or edges of, for the purpose of matching together at an angle.</def>

<h1>Miter, Mitre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mi"ter</hw>, <hw>Mi"tre</hw><hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To meet and match together, as two pieces of molding, on a line bisecting the angle of junction.</def>

<h1>Miterwort</h1>
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<hw>Mi"ter*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the genus <spn>Mitella</spn>, -- slender, perennial herbs with a pod slightly resembling a bishop's miter; bishop's cap.</def>

<cs><col>False miterwort</col>, <cd>a white-flowered perennial herb of the United States (<spn>Tiarella cardifolia</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Mithic</h1>
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<hw>Mith"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Mythic</er>.</def>

<h1>Mithras</h1>
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<hw>Mi"thras</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>The sun god of the Persians.</def>

<h1>Mithridate</h1>
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<hw>Mith"ri*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An antidote against poison, or a composition in form of an electuary, supposed to serve either as a remedy or a preservative against poison; an alexipharmic; -- so called from King <i>Mithridates</i>, its reputed inventor.</def>

<blockquote>[Love is] a drop of the true elixir; no <b>mithridate</b> so effectual against the infection of vice.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="933">
Page 933<p>

<h1>Mithridatic</h1>
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<hw>Mith`ri*dat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to King Mithridates, or to a mithridate.</def>

<h1>Mitigable</h1>
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<hw>Mit"i*ga*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admitting of mitigation; that may be mitigated.</def>

<h1>Mitigant</h1>
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<hw>Mit"i*gant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mitigans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>mitigare</ets>. See <er>Mitigate</er>.]</ety> <def>Tending to mitigate; mitigating; lentitive.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Mitigate</h1>
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<hw>Mit"i*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mitigated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mitigating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>mitigatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>mitigare</ets> to soften, mitigate; <ets>mitis</ets> mild, soft + the root of <ets>agere</ets> to do, drive.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make less severe, intense, harsh, rigorous, painful, etc.; to soften; to meliorate; to alleviate; to diminish; to lessen; <as>as, to <ex>mitigate</ex> heat or cold; to <ex>mitigate</ex> grief.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make mild and accessible; to mollify; -- applied to persons.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This opinion ... <b>mitigated</b> kings into companions.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To alleviate; assuage; allay. See <er>Alleviate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Mitigation</h1>
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<hw>Mit`i*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mitigacioun</ets>, F. <ets>mitigation</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mitigatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of mitigating, or the state of being mitigated; abatement or diminution of anything painful, harsh, severe, afflictive, or calamitous; <as>as, the <ex>mitigation</ex> of pain, grief, rigor, severity, punishment, or penalty</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Alleviation; abatement; relief.</syn>

<h1>Mitigative</h1>
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<hw>Mit"i*ga*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mitigativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mitigatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to mitigate; alleviating.</def>

<h1>Mitigator</h1>
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<hw>Mit"i*ga`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, mitigates.</def>

<h1>Mitigatory</h1>
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<hw>Mit"i*ga*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to mitigate or alleviate; mitigative.</def>

<h1>Miting</h1>
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<hw>Mit"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Mite</er>.]</ety> <def>A little one; -- used as a term of endearment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Mitome</h1>
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<hw>Mi"tome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a thread.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The denser part of the protoplasm of a cell.</def>

<h1>Mitosis</h1>
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<hw>Mi*to"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a thread.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Karyokinesis</er>.</def>

<h1>Mitraille</h1>
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<hw>Mi`traille"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Mitrailleur</er>.]</ety> <def>Shot or bits of iron used sometimes in loading cannon.</def>

<h1>Mitrailleur</h1>
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<hw>Mi`tra`illeur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>One who serves a mitrailleuse.</def>

<h1>Mitrailleuse</h1>
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<hw>Mi`tra`illeuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>mitrailler</ets> to fire grapeshot, fr. <ets>mitraille</ets> old iron, grapeshot, dim. of OF. <ets>mite</ets> a mite.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A breech-loading machine gun consisting of a number of barrels fitted together, so arranged that the barrels can be fired simultaneously, or successively, and rapidly.</def>

<h1>Mitral</h1>
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<hw>Mi"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mitral</ets>. See <er>Miter</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a miter; resembling a miter; <as>as, the <ex>mitral</ex> valve between the left auricle and left ventricle of the heart</as>.</def>

<h1>Mitre</h1>
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<hw>Mi"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Miter</er>.</def>

<h1>Mitriform</h1>
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<hw>Mit"ri*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Miter</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mitriforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a miter, or a peaked cap; <as>as, a <ex>mitriform</ex> calyptra</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Mitt</h1>
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<hw>Mitt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>mitten</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mitten; also, a covering for the wrist and hand and not for the fingers.</def>

<h1>Mitten</h1>
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<hw>Mit"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mitaine</ets>, <ets>meteyn</ets>, F. <ets>mitaine</ets>, perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. <ets>miotog</ets>, Gael. <ets>miotag</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>mutan</ets> a muff, a thick glove. Cf. <er>Mitt</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A covering for the hand, worn to defend it from cold or injury. It differs from a glove in not having a separate sheath for each finger.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cover for the wrist and forearm.</def>

<cs><col>To give the mitten to</col>, <cd>to dismiss as a lover; to reject the suit of.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To handle without mittens</col>, <cd>to treat roughly; to handle without gloves. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Mittened</h1>
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<hw>Mit"tened</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with a mitten or mittens.</def> "<i>Mittened</i> hands."

<i>Whittier.</i>

<h1>Mittent</h1>
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<hw>Mit"tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mittens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>mittere</ets> to send.]</ety> <def>Sending forth; emitting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Mittimus</h1>
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<hw>Mit"ti*mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., we send, fr. <ets>mittere</ets> to send.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A precept or warrant granted by a justice for committing to prison a party charged with crime; a warrant of commitment to prison.</def> <i>Burrill</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A writ for removing records from one court to another.</def>  <i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Mitter's green</h1>
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<hw>Mit"ter's green`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A pigment of a green color, the chief constituent of which is oxide of chromium.</def>

<h1>Mitty</h1>
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<hw>Mit"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The stormy petrel.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Mitu</h1>
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<hw>Mi"tu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Braz. <ets>mitu poranga</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American curassow of the genus <spn>Mitua</spn>.</def>

<h1>Mity</h1>
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<hw>Mit"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Mite</er>.]</ety> <def>Having, or abounding with, mites.</def>

<h1>Mix</h1>
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<hw>Mix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mixed</er> <tt>(?)</tt> (less properly <er>Mixt</er>); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mixing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>miscan</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>misken</ets>, G. <ets>mischen</ets>, Russ. <ets>mieshate</ets>, W. <ets>mysgu</ets>, Gael. <ets>measg</ets>, L. <ets>miscere</ets>, <ets>mixtum</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, Skr. <ets>mi\'87ra</ets> mixed. The English word has been influenced by L. <ets>miscere</ets>, <ets>mixtum</ets> (cf. <er>Mixture</er>), and even the AS. <ets>miscan</ets> may have been borrowed fr. L. <ets>miscere</ets>. Cf. <er>Admix</er>, <er>Mash</er> to bruise, <er>Meddle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause a promiscuous interpenetration of the parts of, as of two or more substances with each other, or of one substance with others; to unite or blend into one mass or compound, as by stirring together; to mingle; to blend; <as>as, to <ex>mix</ex> flour and salt; to <ex>mix</ex> wines.</as></def>

<blockquote>Fair persuasions <b>mixed</b> with sugared words.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To unite with in company; to join; to associate.</def>

<blockquote>Ephraim, he hath <b>mixed</b> himself among the people.
<i>Hos. vii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To form by mingling; to produce by the stirring together of ingredients; to compound of different parts.</def>

<blockquote>Hast thou no poison <b>mixed</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have chosen an argument <b>mixed</b> of religious and civil considerations.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mix</h1>
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<hw>Mix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become united into a compound; to be blended promiscuously together.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To associate; to mingle.</def>

<blockquote>He had <b>mixed</b>
Again in fancied safety with his kind.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mixable</h1>
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<hw>Mix"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being mixed.</def>

<h1>Mixed</h1>
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<hw>Mixed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed by mixing; united; mingled; blended. See <er>Mix</er>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Mixed action</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a suit combining the properties of a real and a personal action.</cd> -- <col>Mixed angle</col>, <cd>a mixtilineal angle.</cd> -- <col>Mixed fabric</col>, <cd>a textile fabric composed of two or more kinds of fiber, as a poplin.</cd> -- <col>Mixed marriage</col>, <cd>a marriage between persons of different races or religions; specifically, one between a Roman Catholic and a Protestant.</cd> -- <col>Mixed number</col>, <cd>a whole number and a fraction taken together.</cd> -- <col>Mixed train</col>, <cd>a railway train containing both passenger and freight cars.</cd> -- <col>Mixed voices</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>voices of both males and females united in the same performance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mixedly</h1>
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<hw>Mix"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a mixed or mingled manner.</def>

<h1>Mixen</h1>
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<hw>Mix"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>mixen</ets>, <ets>myxen</ets>, fr. <ets>meohx</ets>, <ets>meox</ets>, dung, filth; akin to E. <ets>mist</ets>. See <er>Mist</er>.]</ety> <def>A compost heap; a dunghill.</def>

<i>Chaucer. Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Mixer</h1>
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<hw>Mix"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, mixes.</def>

<h1>Mixogamous</h1>
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<hw>Mix*og"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a mixing + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pairing with several males; -- said of certain fishes of which several males accompany each female during spawning.</def>

<h1>Mixolydian mode</h1>
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<hw>Mix`o*lyd"i*an mode`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ a mixing + E. <ets>Lydian</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The seventh ecclesiastical mode, whose scale commences on G.</def>

<h1>Mixtilineal, Mixtilinear</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mix`ti*lin"e*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mix`ti*lin"e*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mixtus</ets> mixed (p.p. of <ets>miscere</ets> to mix) + E. <ets>lineal</ets>, <ets>linear</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing, or consisting of, lines of different kinds, as straight, curved, and the like; <as>as, a <ex>mixtilinear</ex> angle, that is, an angle contained by a straight line and a curve</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mixtion</h1>
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<hw>Mix"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mixtio</ets>, <ets>mistio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mixtion</ets>. See <er>Mistion</er>, <er>Mix</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mixture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of cement made of mastic, amber, etc., used as a mordant for gold leaf.</def>

<h1>Mixtly</h1>
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<hw>Mixt"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With mixture; in a mixed manner; mixedly.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Mixture</h1>
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<hw>Mix"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mixtura</ets>, fr. <ets>miscere</ets>, <ets>mixtum</ets>, to mix: cf. F. <ets>mixture</ets>. See <er>Mix</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of mixing, or the state of being mixed; <as>as, made by a <ex>mixture</ex> of ingredients</as>.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which results from mixing different ingredients together; a compound; <as>as, to drink a <ex>mixture</ex> of molasses and water</as>; -- also, a medley.</def>

<blockquote>There is also a <b>mixture</b> of good and evil wisely distributed by God, to serve the ends of his providence.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An ingredient entering into a mixed mass; an additional ingredient.</def>

<blockquote>Cicero doubts whether it were possible for a community to exist that had not a prevailing <b>mixture</b> of piety in its constitution.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of liquid medicine made up of many ingredients; esp., as opposed to <i>solution</i>, a liquid preparation in which the solid ingredients are not completely dissolved.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Physics & Chem.)</fld> <def>A mass of two or more ingredients, the particles of which are separable, independent, and uncompounded with each other, no matter how thoroughly and finely commingled; -- contrasted with a <i>compound</i>; thus, gunpowder is a mechanical <i>mixture</i> of carbon, sulphur, and niter.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An organ stop, comprising from two to five ranges of pipes, used only in combination with the foundation and compound stops; -- called also <altname>furniture stop</altname>. It consists of high harmonics, or overtones, of the ground tone.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Union; admixture; intermixture; medley.</syn>

<h1>Mizmaze</h1>
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<hw>Miz"maze`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A maze or labyrinth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mizzen</h1>
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<hw>Miz"zen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>mezzana</ets>, fr. <ets>mezzano</ets> middle, fr. <ets>mezzo</ets> middle, half: cf. F. <ets>misaine</ets> foresail. See <er>Mezzo</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Hindmost; nearest the stern; <as>as, the <ex>mizzen</ex> shrouds, sails, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Mizzen</h1>
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<hw>Miz"zen</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The hindmost of the fore and aft sails of a three-masted vessel; also, the spanker.</def>

<h1>Mizzenmast</h1>
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<hw>Miz"zen*mast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The hindmost mast of a three-masted vessel, or of a yawl-rigged vessel.</def>

<h1>Mizzle</h1>
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<hw>Miz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mizzled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mizzling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Misle</er>, and cf. <er>Mistle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rain in very fine drops.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take one's self off; to go.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<blockquote>As long as George the Fourth could reign, he reigned,
And then he <b>mizzled</b>.
<i>Epigram, quoted by Wright.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mizzle</h1>
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<hw>Miz"zle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mist; fine rain.</def>

<h1>Mizzy</h1>
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<hw>Miz"zy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>moisi</ets> moldy, musty, p.p. of <ets>moisir</ets> to mold, fr. L. <ets>mucere</ets> to be moldy.]</ety> <def>A bog or quagmire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Mnemonic, Mnemonical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mne*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mne*mon"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ mindful, remembering, <?/ memory, <?/ to think on, remember; akin to E. <ets>mind</ets>.]</ety> <def>Assisting in memory.</def>

<h1>Mnemonician</h1>
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<hw>Mne`mo*ni"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who instructs in the art of improving or using the memory.</def>

<h1>Mnemonics</h1>
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<hw>Mne*mon"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>mn\'82monique</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of memory; a system of precepts and rules intended to assist the memory; artificial memory.</def>

<h1>Mnemosyne</h1>
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<hw>Mne*mos"y*ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ remembrance, memory, and the goddess of memory. See <er>Mnemonic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Class Myth.)</fld> <def>The goddess of memory and the mother of the Muses.</def>

<h1>Mnemotechny</h1>
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<hw>Mne"mo*tech`ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ memory + <?/ art: cf. F. <ets>mn\'82motechnie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mnemonics.</def>

<h1>Mo</h1>
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<hw>Mo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <tt>adv., & n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>moe</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[AS. <ets>m\'be</ets>. See <er>More</er>.]</ety> <def>More; -- usually, more in number.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>An hundred thousand <b>mo</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Likely to find <b>mo</b> to commend than to imitate it.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>-mo</h1>
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<hw>-mo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A suffix added to the names of certain numerals or to the numerals themselves, to indicate the number of leaves made by folding a sheet of paper; <as>as, sixteen<ex>mo</ex> or 16<ex>mo</ex>; eighteen<i>mo</i> or 18<i>mo</i>. It is taken from the Latin forms similarly used; <as>as, <i>duodecimo</i>, <i>sextodecimo</i>, etc.</as> A small circle, placed after the number and near its top, is often used for <i>-mo</i>; as, 16\'f8, 18\'f8, etc.</def>

<h1>Moa</h1>
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<hw>Mo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several very large extinct species of wingless birds belonging to <spn>Dinornis</spn>, and other related genera, of the suborder <spn>Dinornithes</spn>, found in New Zealand. They are allied to the apteryx and the ostrich. They were probably exterminated by the natives before New Zealand was discovered by Europeans. Some species were much larger than the ostrich.</def>

<h1>Moabite</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ab*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the posterity of Moab, the son of Lot. (<i>Gen. xix. 37</i>.) Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Moabitess</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ab*i`tess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female Moabite.</def>

<i>Ruth i. 22.</i>

<h1>Moabitish</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ab*i`tish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Moabite.</def>

<i>Ruth ii. 6.</i>

<h1>Moan</h1>
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<hw>Moan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Moaned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Moaning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>m<?/nan</ets> to moan, also, to mean; but in the latter sense perh. a different word. Cf. <er>Mean</er> to intend.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a low prolonged sound of grief or pain, whether articulate or not; to groan softly and continuously.</def>

<blockquote>Unpitied and unheard, where misery <b>moans</b>.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let there bechance him pitiful mischances,
To make him <b>moan</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To emit a sound like moan; -- said of things inanimate; <as>as, the wind <ex>moans</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Moan</h1>
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<hw>Moan</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bewail audibly; to lament.</def>

<blockquote>Ye floods, ye woods, ye echoes, <b>moan</b>
My dear Columbo, dead and gone.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To afflict; to distress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Which infinitely <b>moans</b> me.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moan</h1>
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<hw>Moan</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mone</ets>. See <er>Moan</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A low prolonged sound, articulate or not, indicative of pain or of grief; a low groan.</def>

<blockquote>Sullen <b>moans</b>, hollow groans.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A low mournful or murmuring sound; -- of things.</def>

<blockquote>Rippling waters made a pleasant <b>moan</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moanful</h1>
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<hw>Moan"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of moaning; expressing sorrow.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Moan"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Moat</h1>
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<hw>Moat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>mote</ets> hill, dike, bank, F. <ets>motte</ets> clod, turf: cf. Sp. & Pg. <ets>mota</ets> bank or mound of earth, It. <ets>motta</ets> clod, LL. <ets>mota</ets>, <ets>motta</ets>, a hill on which a fort is built, an eminence, a dike, Prov. G. <ets>mott</ets> bog earth heaped up; or perh. F. <ets>motte</ets>, and OF. <ets>mote</ets>, are from a LL. p.p. of L. <ets>movere</ets> to move (see <er>Move</er>). The name of <ets>moat</ets>, properly meaning, bank or mound, was transferred to the ditch adjoining: cf. F. <ets>dike</ets> and <ets>ditch</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A deep trench around the rampart of a castle or other fortified place, sometimes filled with water; a ditch.</def>

<h1>Moat</h1>
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<hw>Moat</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surround with a moat.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Moate</h1>
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<hw>Moate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mute</er> to molt.]</ety> <def>To void the excrement, as a bird; to mute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mob</h1>
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<hw>Mob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mobcap</er>.]</ety> <def>A mobcap.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Mob</h1>
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<hw>Mob</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To wrap up in, or cover with, a cowl.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mob</h1>
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<hw>Mob</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mobile vulgus</ets>, the movable common people. See <er>Mobile</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The lower classes of a community; the populace, or the lowest part of it.</def>

<blockquote>A cluster of <b>mob</b> were making themselves merry with their betters.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A throgn; a rabble; esp., an unlawful or riotous assembly; a disorderly crowd.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>mob</b> of gentlemen who wrote with ease.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Had every Athenian citizen been a Socrates, every Athenian assembly would still have been a <b>mob</b>.
<i>Madison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Confused by brainless <b>mobs</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Mob law</col>, <cd>law administered by the mob; lynch law.</cd> -- <col>Swell mob</col>, <cd>well dressed thieves and swindlers, regarded collectively. <mark>[Slang]</mark> <i>Dickens</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mob</h1>
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<hw>Mob</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mobbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mobbing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To crowd about, as a mob, and attack or annoy; <as>as, to <ex>mob</ex> a house or a person</as>.</def>

<h1>Mobbish</h1>
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<hw>Mob"bish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a mob; tumultuous; lawless; <as>as, a <ex>mobbish</ex> act</as>.</def>

<i>Bp. Kent.</i>

<h1>Mobcap</h1>
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<hw>Mob"cap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>mop-muts</ets>; OD. <ets>mop</ets> a woman's coif + D. <ets>muts</ets> cap.]</ety> <def>A plain cap or headdress for women or girls; especially, one tying under the chin by a very broad band, generally of the same material as the cap itself.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Mobile</h1>
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<hw>Mo"bile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mobilis</ets>, for <ets>movibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>movere</ets> to move: cf. F. <ets>mobile</ets>. See <er>Move</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being moved; not fixed in place or condition; movable.</def> "Fixed or else <i>mobile</i>."

<i>Skelton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by an extreme degree of fluidity; moving or flowing with great freedom; <as>as, benzine and mercury are <ex>mobile</ex> liquids; -- opposed to <ex>viscous</ex>, <ex>viscoidal</ex>, or <ex>oily</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Easily moved in feeling, purpose, or direction; excitable; changeable; fickle.</def>

<i>Testament of Love.</i>

<blockquote>The quick and <b>mobile</b> curiosity of her disposition.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Changing in appearance and expression under the influence of the mind; <as>as, <ex>mobile</ex> features</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Capable of being moved, aroused, or excited; capable of spontaneous movement.</def>

<h1>Mobile</h1>
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<hw>Mo"bile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mobile vulgus</ets>. See <er>Mobile</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. 3d <er>Mob</er>.]</ety> <def>The mob; the populace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The unthinking <i>mobile</i>."

<i>South.</i>

<hr>
<page="934">
Page 934<p>

<h1>Mobility</h1>
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<hw>Mo*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mobilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mobilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being mobile; <as>as, the <ex>mobility</ex> of a liquid, of an army, of the populace, of features, of a muscle</as>.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The mob; the lower classes.</def> <mark>[Humorous]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Mobilization</h1>
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<hw>Mob`i*li*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mobilization</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of mobilizing.</def>

<h1>Mobilize</h1>
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<hw>Mob"i*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mobilized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mobilizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>mobiliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To put in a state of readiness for active service in war, as an army corps.</def>

<h1>Moble</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Mob</er> to wrap up.]</ety> <def>To wrap the head of in a hood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mobles</h1>
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<hw>Mo"bles</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Moebles</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mobocracy</h1>
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<hw>Mob*oc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mob</ets> rabble + <ets>-cracy</ets>, as in <ets>democracy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A condition in which the lower classes of a nation control public affairs without respect to law, precedents, or vested rights.</def>

<blockquote>It is good name that Dr. Stevens has given to our present situation (for one can not call it a government), a <b>mobocracy</b>.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mobocrat</h1>
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<hw>Mob"o*crat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who favors a form of government in which the unintelligent populace rules without restraint.</def>

<i>Bayne.</i>

<h1>Mobocratic</h1>
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<hw>Mob`o*crat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, or relating to, a mobocracy.</def>

<h1>Moccasin</h1>
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<hw>Moc"ca*sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[An Indian word. Algonquin <ets>makisin</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Sometimes written <asp>moccason</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shoe made of deerskin, or other soft leather, the sole and upper part being one piece. It is the customary shoe worn by the American Indians.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A poisonous snake of the Southern United States. The water moccasin (<spn>Ancistrodon piscivorus</spn>) is usually found in or near water. Above, it is olive brown, barred with black; beneath, it is brownish yellow, mottled with darker. The upland moccasin is <spn>Ancistrodon atrofuscus</spn>. They resemble rattlesnakes, but are without rattles.</def>

<cs><col>Moccasin flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of lady's slipper (<spn>Cypripedium acaule</spn>) found in North America. The lower petal is two inches long, and forms a rose-colored moccasin-shaped pouch. It grows in rich woods under coniferous trees.</cd></cs>

<h1>Moccasined</h1>
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<hw>Moc"ca*sined</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with, or wearing, a moccasin or moccasins.</def> "<i>Moccasined</i> feet."

<i>Harper's Mag.</i>

<h1>Mocha</h1>
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<hw>Mo"cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A seaport town of Arabia, on the Red Sea.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A variety of coffee brought from Mocha.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An Abyssinian weight, equivalent to a Troy grain.</def>

<cs><col>Mocha stone</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>moss agate.</cd></cs>

<h1>Moche</h1>
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<hw>Moche</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A bale of raw silk.</def>

<h1>Moche</h1>
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<hw>Moche</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Much.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mochel</h1>
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<hw>Moch"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Much.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mochila</h1>
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<hw>Mo*chi"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A large leather flap which covers the saddletree.</def> <mark>[Western U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Mock</h1>
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<hw>Mock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mocked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mocking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>moquer</ets>, of uncertain origin; cf. OD. <ets>mocken</ets> to mumble, G. <ets>mucken</ets>, OSw. <ets>mucka</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To imitate; to mimic; esp., to mimic in sport, contempt, or derision; to deride by mimicry.</def>

<blockquote>To see the life as lively <b>mocked</b> as ever
Still sleep <b>mocked</b> death.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Mocking</b> marriage with a dame of France.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat with scorn or contempt; to deride.</def>

<blockquote>Elijah <b>mocked</b> them, and said, Cry aloud.
<i>1 Kings xviii. 27.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let not ambition <b>mock</b> their useful toil.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To disappoint the hopes of; to deceive; to tantalize; <as>as, to <ex>mock</ex> expectation</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thou hast <b>mocked</b> me, and told me lies.
<i>Judg. xvi. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He will not ...
<b>Mock</b> us with his blest sight, then snatch him hence.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To deride; ridicule; taunt; jeer; tantalize; disappoint. See <er>Deride</er>.</syn>

<h1>Mock</h1>
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<hw>Mock</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make sport contempt or in jest; to speak in a scornful or jeering manner.</def>

<blockquote>When thou <b>mockest</b>, shall no man make thee ashamed?
<i>Job xi. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She had <b>mocked</b> at his proposal.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mock</h1>
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<hw>Mock</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An act of ridicule or derision; a scornful or contemptuous act or speech; a sneer; a jibe; a jeer.</def>

<blockquote>Fools make a <b>mock</b> at sin.
<i>Prov. xiv. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Imitation; mimicry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Crashaw.</i>

<h1>Mock</h1>
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<hw>Mock</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Imitating reality, but not real; false; counterfeit; assumed; sham.</def>

<blockquote>That superior greatness and <b>mock</b> majesty.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Mock bishop's weed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of slender umbelliferous herbs (<spn>Discopleura</spn>) growing in wet places.</cd> -- <col>Mock heroic</col>, <cd>burlesquing the heroic; <as>as, a <ex>mock heroic<ex> poem</as>.</cd> -- <col>Mock lead</col>. <cd>See <er>Blende</er> (<sd>a</sd>).</cd> -- <col>Mock nightingale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European blackcap.</cd> -- <col>Mock orange</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of American and Asiatic shrubs (<spn>Philadelphus</spn>), with showy white flowers in panicled cymes. <spn>P. coronarius</spn>, from Asia, has fragrant flowers; the American kinds are nearly scentless.</cd> -- <col>Mock sun</col>. <cd>See <er>Parhelion</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mock turtle soup</col>, <cd>a soup made of calf's head, veal, or other meat, and condiments, in imitation of green turtle soup.</cd> -- <col>Mock velvet</col>, <cd>a fabric made in imitation of velvet. See <er>Mockado</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mockable</h1>
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<hw>Mock"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be mocked.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mockado</h1>
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<hw>Mock"a*do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stuff made in imitation of velvet; -- probably the same as <altname>mock velvet</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Our rich <b>mockado</b> doublet.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mockadour</h1>
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<hw>Mock"a*dour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mokadour</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mockage</h1>
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<hw>Mock"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mockery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Mockbird</h1>
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<hw>Mock"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European sedge warbler (<spn>Acrocephalus phragmitis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Mocker</h1>
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<hw>Mock"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, mocks; a scorner; a scoffer; a derider.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A deceiver; an impostor.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mocking bird.</def>

<cs><col>Mocker nut</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of hickory (<spn>Carya tomentosa</spn>) and its fruit, which is far inferior to the true shagbark hickory nut.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mockery</h1>
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<hw>Mock"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mockeries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>moquerie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of mocking, deriding, and exposing to contempt, by mimicry, by insincere imitation, or by a false show of earnestness; a counterfeit appearance.</def>

<blockquote>It is, as the air, invulnerable,
And our vain blows malicious <b>mockery</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Grace at meals is now generally so performed as to look more like a <b>mockery</b> upon devotion than any solemn application of the mind to God.
<i>Law.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And bear about the <b>mockery</b> of woe.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Insulting or contemptuous action or speech; contemptuous merriment; derision; ridicule.</def>

<blockquote>The laughingstock of fortune's <b>mockeries</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Subject of laughter, derision, or sport.</def>

<blockquote>The cruel handling of the city whereof they made a <b>mockery</b>.
<i>2 Macc. viii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mocking</h1>
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<hw>Mock"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Imitating, esp. in derision, or so as to cause derision; mimicking; derisive.</def>

<cs><col>Mocking bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a North American singing bird (<spn>Mimus polyglottos</spn>), remarkable for its exact imitations of the notes of other birds. Its back is gray; the tail and wings are blackish, with a white patch on each wing; the outer tail feathers are partly white. The name is also applied to other species of the same genus, found in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies.</cd> -- <col>Mocking thrush</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of the genus <spn>Harporhynchus</spn>, as the brown thrush (<spn>H. rufus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Mocking wren</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any American wren of the genus <spn>Thryothorus</spn>, esp. <spn>T. Ludovicianus</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mockingly</h1>
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<hw>Mock"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of derision; in a contemptuous or mocking manner.</def>

<h1>Mockingstock</h1>
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<hw>Mock"ing*stock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A butt of sport; an object of derision.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mockish</h1>
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<hw>Mock"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mock; counterfeit; sham.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mockle</h1>
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<hw>Moc"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Mickle</er>.</def>

<h1>Moco</h1>
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<hw>Mo"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American rodent (<spn>Cavia rupestris</spn>), allied to the Guinea pig, but larger; -- called also <altname>rock cavy</altname>.</def>

<h1>Modal</h1>
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<hw>Mo"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>modal</ets>. See <er>Mode</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a mode or mood; consisting in mode or form only; relating to form; having the form without the essence or reality.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic & Metaph.)</fld> <def>Indicating, or pertaining to, some mode of conceiving existence, or of expressing thought.</def>

<h1>Modalist</h1>
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<hw>Mo"dal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>One who regards Father, Son, and Spirit as modes of being, and not as persons, thus denying personal distinction in the Trinity.</def>

<i>Eadie.</i>

<h1>Modality</h1>
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<hw>Mo*dal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>modalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being modal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic & Metaph.)</fld> <def>A modal relation or quality; a mode or point of view under which an object presents itself to the mind. According to Kant, the quality of propositions, as assertory, problematical, or apodeictic.</def>

<h1>Modally</h1>
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<hw>Mo"dal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a modal manner.</def>

<blockquote>A compound proposition, the parts of which are united <b>modally</b> ... by the particles  "as" and "so."
<i>Gibbs.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mode</h1>
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<hw>Mode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>modus</ets> a measure, due or proper measure, bound, manner, form; akin to E. <ets>mete</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mode</ets>. See <er>Mete</er>, and cf. <er>Commodious</er>, <er>Mood</er> in grammar, <er>Modus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Manner of doing or being; method; form; fashion; custom; way; style; <as>as, the <ex>mode</ex> of speaking; the <ex>mode</ex> of dressing.</as></def>

<blockquote>The duty of itself being resolved on, the <b>mode</b> of doing it may easily be found.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A table richly spread in regal <b>mode</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Prevailing popular custom; fashion, especially in the phrase <i>the mode</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The easy, apathetic graces of a man of the <b>mode</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Variety; gradation; degree.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Any combination of qualities or relations, considered apart from the substance to which they belong, and treated as entities; more generally, condition, or state of being; manner or form of arrangement or manifestation; form, as opposed to <i>matter</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Modes</b> I call such complex ideas, which, however compounded, contain not in them the supposition of subsisting by themselves, but are considered as dependencies on, or affections of, substances.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The form in which the proposition connects the predicate and subject, whether by simple, contingent, or necessary assertion; the form of the syllogism, as determined by the quantity and quality of the constituent proposition; mood.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Mood</er>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The scale as affected by the various positions in it of the minor intervals; <as>as, the Dorian <ex>mode</ex>, the Ionic <ex>mode</ex>, etc.</as>, of ancient Greek music.</def>

<note>&hand; In modern music, only the major and the minor mode, of whatever key, are recognized.</note>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A kind of silk. See <er>Alamode</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Method; manner. See <er>Method</er>.</syn>

<h1>Model</h1>
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<hw>Mod"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mod\'8ale</ets>, It. <ets>modello</ets>, fr. (assumed) L. <ets>modellus</ets>, fr. <ets>modulus</ets> a small measure, dim. of <ets>modus</ets>. See <er>Mode</er>, and cf. <er>Module</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A miniature representation of a thing, with the several parts in due proportion; sometimes, a facsimile of the same size.</def>

<blockquote>In charts, in maps, and eke in <b>models</b> made.
<i>Gascoigne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I had my father's signet in my purse,
Which was the <b>model</b> of that Danish seal.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You have the <b>models</b> of several ancient temples, though the temples and the gods are perished.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something intended to serve, or that may serve, as a pattern of something to be made; a material representation or embodiment of an ideal; sometimes, a drawing; a plan; <as>as, the clay <ex>model</ex> of a sculpture; the inventor's <ex>model</ex> of a machine.</as></def>

<blockquote>[The application for a patent] must be accompanied by a full description of the invention, with drawings and a <b>model</b> where the case admits of it.
<i>Am. Cyc.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When we mean to build
We first survey the plot, then draw the <b>model</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything which serves, or may serve, as an example for imitation; <as>as, a government formed on the <ex>model</ex> of the American constitution; a <ex>model</ex> of eloquence, virtue, or behavior.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That by which a thing is to be measured; standard.</def>

<blockquote>He that despairs measures Providence by his own little, contracted <b>model</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Any copy, or resemblance, more or less exact.</def>

<blockquote>Thou seest thy wretched brother die,
Who was the <b>model</b> of thy father's life.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A person who poses as a pattern to an artist.</def>

<blockquote>A professional <b>model</b>.
<i>H. James.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Working model</col>, <cd>a model of a machine which can do on a small scale the work which the machine itself does, or expected to do.</cd></cs>

<h1>Model</h1>
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<hw>Mod"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suitable to be taken as a model or pattern; <as>as, a <ex>model</ex> house; a <ex>model</ex> husband.</as></def>

<h1>Model</h1>
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<hw>Mod"el</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Modeled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Modelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Modeling</er> or <er>Modelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>modeler</ets>, It. <ets>modellare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To plan or form after a pattern; to form in model; to form a model or pattern for; to shape; to mold; to fashion; <as>as, to <ex>model</ex> a house or a government; to <ex>model</ex> an edifice according to the plan delineated.</as></def>

<h1>Model</h1>
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<hw>Mod"el</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>To make a copy or a pattern; to design or imitate forms; <as>as, to <ex>model</ex> in wax</as>.</def>

<h1>Modeler</h1>
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<hw>Mod"el*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who models; hence, a worker in plastic art.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>modeller</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Modeling</h1>
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<hw>Mod"el*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The act or art of making a model from which a work of art is to be executed; the formation of a work of art from some plastic material. Also, in painting, drawing, etc., the expression or indication of solid form.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>modelling</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Modeling plane</col>, <cd>a small plane for planing rounded objects.</cd> -- <col>Modeling wax</col>, <cd>beeswax melted with a little Venice turpentine, or other resinous material, and tinted with coloring matter, usually red, -- used in modeling.</cd></cs>

<h1>Modelize</h1>
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<hw>Mod"el*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To model.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Modena</h1>
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<hw>Mod"e*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Modena</ets>, in Italy.]</ety> <def>A certain crimsonlike color.</def>

<i>Good.</i>

<h1>Modenese</h1>
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<hw>Mod`e*nese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Modena or its inhabitants.</def> -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Modena; the people of Modena.</def></def2>

<h1>Moder</h1>
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<hw>Mo"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. See <er>Mother</er> female parent.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mother.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The principal piece of an astrolabe, into which the others are fixed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Moder</h1>
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<hw>Mod"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To moderate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Moderable</h1>
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<hw>Mod"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>moderabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Modeate; temperate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Moderance</h1>
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<hw>Mod"er*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Moderation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Caxton.</i>

<h1>Moderate</h1>
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<hw>Mod"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>moderatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>moderate</ets>, <ets>moderati</ets>, to moderate, regulate, control, fr. <ets>modus</ets> measure. See <er>Mode</er>.]</ety> <def>Kept within due bounds; observing reasonable limits; not excessive, extreme, violent, or rigorous; limited; restrained</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Limited in quantity; sparing; temperate; frugal; <as>as, <ex>moderate</ex> in eating or drinking; a <ex>moderate</ex> table</as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Limited in degree of activity, energy, or excitement; reasonable; calm; slow; <as>as, <ex>moderate</ex> language; <ex>moderate</ex> endeavors.</as></def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Not extreme in opinion, in partisanship, and the like; <as>as, a <ex>moderate</ex> Calvinist</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A number of <b>moderate</b> members managed ... to obtain a majority in a thin house.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Not violent or rigorous; temperate; mild; gentle; <as>as, a <ex>moderate</ex> winter</as></def>. "<i>Moderate</i> showers." <i>Walter</i>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Limited as to degree of progress; <as>as, to travel at <ex>moderate</ex> speed</as></def>. <sd>(f)</sd> <def>Limited as to the degree in which a quality, principle, or faculty appears; <as>as, an infusion of <ex>moderate</ex> strength; a man of <ex>moderate</ex> abilities</as></def>. <sd>(g)</sd> <def>Limited in scope or effects; <as>as, a reformation of a <ex>moderate</ex> kind</as></def>.

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Moderate</h1>
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<hw>Mod"er*ate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a party in the Church of Scotland in the 18th century, and part of the 19th, professing moderation in matters of church government, in discipline, and in doctrine.</def>

<h1>Moderate</h1>
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<hw>Mod"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Moderated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Moderating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To restrain from excess of any kind; to reduce from a state of violence, intensity, or excess; to keep within bounds; to make temperate; to lessen; to allay; to repress; to temper; to qualify; <as>as, to <ex>moderate</ex> rage, action, desires, etc.; to <ex>moderate</ex> heat or wind.</as></def>

<blockquote>By its astringent quality, it <b>moderates</b> the relaxing quality of warm water.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>moderate</b> stiff minds disposed to strive.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To preside over, direct, or regulate, as a public meeting; <as>as, to <ex>moderate</ex> a synod</as>.</def>

<h1>Moderate</h1>
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<hw>Mod"er*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become less violent, severe, rigorous, or intense; <as>as, the wind has <ex>moderated</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To preside as a moderator.</def>

<blockquote>Dr. Barlow [was] engaged ... to <b>moderate</b> for him in the divinity disputation.
<i>Bp. Barlow's Remains (1693).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moderately</h1>
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<hw>Mod"er*ate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a moderate manner or degree; to a moderate extent.</def>

<blockquote>Each nymph but <b>moderately</b> fair.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moderateness</h1>
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<hw>Mod"er*ate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being moderate; temperateness; moderation.</def>

<h1>Moderation</h1>
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<hw>Mod`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>moderatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mod\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of moderating, or of imposing due restraint.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state or quality of being mmoderate.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>moderation</b> placing all my glory,
While Tories call me Whig, and Whigs a Tory.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Calmness of mind; equanimity; <as>as, to bear adversity with <ex>moderation</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The calm and judicious <b>moderation</b> of Orange.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The first public examinations for degrees at the University of Oxford; -- usually contracted to <altname>mods</altname>.</def>

<hr>
<page="935">
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<h1>Moderatism</h1>
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<hw>Mod"er*a*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Moderation in doctrines or opinion, especially in politics or religion.</def>

<h1>Moderato</h1>
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<hw>Mod`e*ra"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Moderate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>With a moderate degree of quickness; moderately.</def>

<cs><col>Allegro moderato</col>, <cd>a little slower than allegro.</cd> -- <col>Andante moderato</col>, <cd>a little faster than andante.</cd></cs>

<h1>Moderator</h1>
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<hw>Mod"er*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>mod\'82rateur</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, moderates, restrains, or pacifies.</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<blockquote>Angling was ... a <b>moderator</b> of passions.
<i>Walton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The officer who presides over an assembly to preserve order, propose questions, regulate the proceedings, and declare the votes.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In the University of Oxford, an examiner for moderations; at Cambridge, the superintendant of examinations for degrees; at Dublin, either the first (senior) or second (junior) in rank in an examination for the degree of Bachelor of Arts.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A mechamical arrangement for regulating motion in a machine, or producing equality of effect.</def>

<h1>Moderatorship</h1>
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<hw>Mod"er*a`tor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a moderator.</def>

<h1>Moderatress</h1>
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<hw>Mod"er*a`tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female moderator.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Moderatrix</h1>
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<hw>Mod"er*a`trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A female moderator.</def>

<h1>Modern</h1>
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<hw>Mod"ern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>moderne</ets>, L. <ets>modernus</ets>; akin to <ets>modo</ets> just now, orig. abl. of <ets>modus</ets> measure; hence, by measure, just now. See <er>Mode</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the present time, or time not long past; late; not ancient or remote in past time; of recent period; <as>as, <ex>modern</ex> days, ages, or time; <ex>modern</ex> authors; <ex>modern</ex> fashions; <ex>modern</ex> taste; <ex>modern</ex> practice.</as></def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>New and common; trite; commonplace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We have our philosophical persons, to make <b>modern</b> and familiar, things supernatural and causeless.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Modern English</col>. <cd>See the Note under <er>English</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Modern</h1>
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<hw>Mod"ern</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person of modern times; -- opposed to <i>ancient</i>.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Modernism</h1>
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<hw>Mod"ern*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Modern practice; a thing of recent date; esp., a modern usage or mode of expression.</def>

<h1>Modernist</h1>
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<hw>Mod"ern*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>moderniste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who admires the moderns, or their ways and fashions.</def>

<h1>Modernity</h1>
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<hw>Mo*der"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Modernness; something modern.</def>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Modernization</h1>
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<hw>Mod`ern*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of rendering modern in style; the act or process of causing to conform to modern of thinking or acting.</def>

<h1>Modernize</h1>
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<hw>Mod"ern*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Modernized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Modernizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>moderniser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To render modern; to adapt to modern person or things; to cause to conform to recent or present usage or taste.</def>

<i>Percy.</i>

<h1>Modernizer</h1>
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<hw>Mod"ern*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who modernizes.</def>

<h1>Modernly</h1>
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<hw>Mod"ern*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In modern times.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Modernness</h1>
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<hw>Mod"ern*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being modern; recentness; novelty.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Modest</h1>
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<hw>Mod"est</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>modeste</ets>, L. <ets>modestus</ets>, fr. <ets>modus</ets> measure. See <er>Mode</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Restraining within due limits of propriety; not forward, bold, boastful, or presumptious; rather retiring than pushing one's self forward; not obstructive; <as>as, a <ex>modest</ex> youth; a <ex>modest</ex> man.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Observing the proprieties of the sex; not unwomanly in act or bearing; free from undue familiarity, indecency, or lewdness; decent in speech and demeanor; -- said of a woman.</def>

<blockquote>Mrs. Ford, the honest woman, the <b>modest</b> wife.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The blushing beauties of a <b>modest</b> maid.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Evincing modestly in the actor, author, or speaker; not showing presumption; not excessive or extreme; moderate; <as>as, a <ex>modest</ex> request; <ex>modest</ex> joy.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Reserved; unobtrusive; diffident; bashful; coy; shy; decent; becoming; chaste; virtuous.</syn>

<h1>Modestly</h1>
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<hw>Mod"est*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a modest manner.</def>

<h1>Modesty</h1>
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<hw>Mod"es*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>modestia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>modestie</ets>. See <er>Modest</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being modest; that lowly temper which accompanies a moderate estimate of one's own worth and importance; absence of self-assertion, arrogance, and presumption; humility respecting one's own merit.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Natural delicacy or shame regarding personal charms and the sexual relation; purity of thought and manners; due regard for propriety in speech or action.</def>

<blockquote>Her blush is guiltiness, not <b>modesty</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Modesty piece</col>, <cd>a narrow piece of lace worn by women over the bosom. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Addison.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Bashfulness; humility; diffidence; shyness. See <er>Bashfulness</er>, and <er>Humility</er>.</syn>

<h1>Modicity</h1>
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<hw>Mo*dic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>modicitas</ets>; cf. F. <ets>modicit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Moderateness; smallness; meanness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Modicum</h1>
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<hw>Mod"i*cum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>modicus</ets> moderate, fr. <ets>modus</ets>. See <er>Mode</er>.]</ety> <def>A little; a small quantity; a measured simply.</def> "<i>Modicums</i> of wit."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Her usual <b>modicum</b> of beer and punch.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Modifiability</h1>
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<hw>Mod`i*fi`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capability of being modified; state or quality of being modifiable.</def>

<h1>Modifiable</h1>
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<hw>Mod"i*fi`a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Modify</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being modified; liable to modification.</def>

<h1>Modificable</h1>
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<hw>Mo*dif"i*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Modifiable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Modificate</h1>
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<hw>Mod"i*fi*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Modify</er>.]</ety> <def>To qualify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Modification</h1>
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<hw>Mod`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>modificatio</ets> a measuring: cf. F. <ets>modification</ets>. See <er>Modify</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of modifying, or the state of being modified; a modified form or condition; state as modified; a change; <as>as, the <ex>modification</ex> of an opinion, or of a machine; the various <ex>modifications</ex> of light.</as></def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Modificative</h1>
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<hw>Mod"i*fi*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which modifies or qualifies, as a word or clause.</def>

<h1>Modificatory</h1>
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<hw>Mod"i*fi*ca`to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending or serving to modify; modifying.</def>

<i>Max M\'81ller.</i>

<h1>Modifier</h1>
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<hw>Mod"i*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, modifies.</def>

<i>Hume.</i>

<h1>Modify</h1>
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<hw>Mod"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Modified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Modifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>modifier</ets>, L. <ets>modificare</ets>, <ets>modificari</ets>; <ets>modus</ets> limit + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>Mode</er>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To change somewhat the form or qualities of; to alter somewhat; <as>as, to <ex>modify</ex> a contrivance adapted to some mechanical purpose; to <ex>modify</ex> the terms of a contract.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To limit or reduce in extent or degree; to moderate; to qualify; to lower.</def>

<blockquote>Of his grace
He <b>modifies</b> his first severe decree.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Modillion</h1>
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<hw>Mo*dil"lion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>modillon</ets>, It. <ets>modiglione</ets>. Cf. <er>Module</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The enriched block or horizontal bracket generally found under the cornice of the Corinthian and Composite entablature, and sometimes, less ornamented, in the Ionic and other orders; -- so called because of its arrangement at regulated distances.</def>

<h1>Modiolar</h1>
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<hw>Mo*di"o*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>modiolus</ets>, dim. of <ets>modius</ets> the Roman corn measure.]</ety> <def>Shaped like a bushel measure.</def>

<h1>Modiolus</h1>
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<hw>Mo*di"o*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Modioli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a small measure.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The central column in the osseous cochlea of the ear.</def>

<h1>Modish</h1>
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<hw>Mod"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>According to the mode, or customary manner; conformed to the fashion; fashionable; hence, conventional; <as>as, a <ex>modish</ex> dress; a <ex>modish</ex> feast.</as></def> <i>Dryden</i>. "<i>Modish</i> forms of address." <i>Barrow</i>.

-- <wordforms><wf>Mod"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mod"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Modist</h1>
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<hw>Mod"ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who follows the fashion.</def>

<h1>Modiste</h1>
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<hw>Mo`diste"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Mode</er>, and cf. <er>Modist</er>.]</ety> <def>A female maker of, or dealer in, articles of fashion, especially of the fashionable dress of ladies; a woman who gives direction to the style or mode of dress.</def>

<h1>Modius</h1>
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<hw>Mo"di*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Modii</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A dry measure, containing about a peck.</def>

<h1>Modocs</h1>
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<hw>Mo"docs</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Modoc</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of warlike Indians formerly inhabiting Northern California. They are nearly extinct.</def>

<h1>Modular</h1>
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<hw>Mod"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to mode, modulation, module, or modius; <as>as, <ex>modular</ex> arrangement; <ex>modular</ex> accent; <ex>modular</ex> measure.</as></def>

<h1>Modulate</h1>
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<hw>Mod"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Modulated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Modulating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>modulatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>modulari</ets> to measure, to modulate, fr. <ets>modulus</ets> a small measure, meter, melody, dim. of <ets>modus</ets>. See <er>Mode</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form, as sound, to a certain key, or to a certain portion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To vary or inflect in a natural, customary, or musical manner; <as>as, the organs of speech <ex>modulate</ex> the voice in reading or speaking</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Could any person so <b>modulate</b> her voice as to deceive so many?
<i>Broome.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Modulate</h1>
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<hw>Mod"u*late</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To pass from one key into another.</def>

<h1>Modulation</h1>
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<hw>Mod`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>modulatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>modulation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of modulating, or the state of being modulated; <as>as, the <ex>modulation</ex> of the voice</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sound modulated; melody.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A change of key, whether transient, or until the music becomes established in the new key; a shifting of the tonality of a piece, so that the harmonies all center upon a new keynote or tonic; the art of transition out of the original key into one nearly related, and so on, it may be, by successive changes, into a key quite remote. There are also sudden and unprepared modulations.</def>

<h1>Modulator</h1>
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<hw>Mod"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, modulates.</def>

<i>Denham.</i>

<h1>Module</h1>
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<hw>Mod"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>modulus</ets> a small measure, dim. of <ets>modus</ets>. See <er>Mode</er>, and cf. <er>Model</er>, <er>Modulus</er>, <er>Mold</er> a matrix.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A model or measure.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The size of some one part, as the diameter of semi-diameter of the base of a shaft, taken as a unit of measure by which the proportions of the other parts of the composition are regulated. Generally, for columns, the semi-diameter is taken, and divided into a certain number of parts, called <i>minutes</i> (see <er>Minute</er>), though often the diameter is taken, and any dimension is said to be so many <i>modules</i> and <i>minutes</i> in height, breadth, or projection.</def>

<h1>Module</h1>
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<hw>Mod"ule</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>module</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Modulate</er>.]</ety> <def>To model; also, to modulate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sandys. Drayton.</i>

<h1>Modulus</h1>
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<hw>Mod"u*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Moduli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a small measure. See <er>Module</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Math., Mech., & Physics)</fld> <def>A quantity or coefficient, or constant, which expresses the measure of some specified force, property, or quality, as of elasticity, strength, efficiency, etc.; a parameter.</def>

<cs><col>Modulus of a machine</col>, <cd>a formula expressing the work which a given machine can perform under the conditions involved in its construction; the relation between the work done upon a machine by the moving power, and that yielded at the working points, either constantly, if its motion be uniform, or in the interval of time which it occupies in passing from any given velocity to the same velocity again, if its motion be variable; -- called also the <i>efficiency<i> of the machine.</cd> <i>Mosley</i>. <i>Rankine</i>. -- <col>Modulus of a system of logarithms</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a number by which all the Napierian logarithms must be multiplied to obtain the logarithms in another system.</cd> -- <col>Modulus of elasticity</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The measure of the elastic force of any substance, expressed by the ratio of a stress on a given unit of the substance to the accompanying distortion, or strain</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An expression of the force (usually in terms of the height in feet or weight in pounds of a column of the same body) which would be necessary to elongate a prismatic body of a transverse section equal to a given unit, as a square inch or foot, to double, or to compress it to half, its original length, were that degree of elongation or compression possible, or within the limits of elasticity; -- called also <altname>Young's modulus</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Modulus of rupture</col>, <cd>the measure of the force necessary to break a given substance across, as a beam, expressed by eighteen times the load which is required to break a bar of one inch square, supported flatwise at two points one foot apart, and loaded in the middle between the points of support.</cd> <i>Rankine</i>.</cs>

<h1>Modus</h1>
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<hw>Mo"dus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Modi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Mode</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The arrangement of, or mode of expressing, the terms of a contract or conveyance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A qualification involving the idea of variation or departure from some general rule or form, in the way of either restriction or enlargement, according to the circumstances of the case, as in the will of a donor, an agreement between parties, and the like.</def>

<i>Bracton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A fixed compensation or equivalent given instead of payment of tithes in kind, expressed in full by the phrase <i>modus decimandi</i>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<blockquote>They, from time immemorial, had paid a <b>modus</b>, or composition.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Modus operandi</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety>, <cd>manner of operating.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mody</h1>
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<hw>Mod"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Mode</er>.]</ety> <def>Fashionable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Moe</h1>
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<hw>Moe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wry face or mouth; a mow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Moe</h1>
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<hw>Moe</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make faces; to mow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Moe</h1>
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<hw>Moe</hw>, <tt>a., adv., & n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m\'be</ets> See <er>More</er>.]</ety> <def>More. See <er>Mo</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Sing no more ditties, sing no <i>moe</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Moebles</h1>
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<hw>Moe"bles</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OE., fr. OF. <ets>moeble</ets>, <ets>mueble</ets>, movable, from L. <ets>mobilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Movables; furniture; -- also used in the singular (<singw><it>moeble</it></singw>).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<-- here we mark both the singular word and the written font -->

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Moelline</h1>
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<hw>Mo"el*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>moelle</ets>, fr. L. <ets>medulla</ets> marrow.]</ety> <def>An unguent for the hair.</def>

<h1>Moellon</h1>
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<hw>Mo"el*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Rubble masonry.</def>

<h1>M\'d2sogothic</h1>
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<hw>M\'d2`so*goth"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to the M\'d2sogoths, a branch of the Goths who settled in M\'d2sia.</def>

<h1>M\'d2sogothic</h1>
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<hw>M\'d2`so*goth"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The language of the M\'d2sogoths; -- also called <altname>Gothic</altname>.</def>

<h1>Moeve</h1>
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<hw>Moeve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To move.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Moff</h1>
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<hw>Moff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thin silk stuff made in Caucasia.</def>

<h1>Moggan</h1>
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<hw>Mog"gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A closely fitting knit sleeve; also, a legging of knitted material.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Mogul</h1>
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<hw>Mo*gul"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the Mongolian.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person of the Mongolian race.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A heavy locomotive for freight traffic, having three pairs of connected driving wheels and a two-wheeled truck.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Great</col>, &or; <col>Grand</col>, <col>Mogul</col></mcol>, <cd>the sovereign of the empire founded in Hindostan by the Mongols under Baber in the sixteenth century. Hence, a very important personage; a lord; -- sometimes only <altname>mogul</altname>.</cd></cs><-- or Moghul. -->

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Moha</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of millet (<spn>Setaria Italica</spn>); German millet.</def>

<h1>Mohair</h1>
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<hw>Mo"hair`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>moire</ets>, perh. from Ar. <ets>mukhayyar</ets> a kind of coarse camelot or haircloth; but prob. fr. L. <ets>marmoreus</ets> of marble, resembling marble. Cf. <er>Moire</er>, <er>Marble</er>.]</ety> <def>The long silky hair or wool of the Angora goat of Asia Minor; also, a fabric made from this material, or an imitation of such fabric.</def>

<h1>Mohammedan</h1>
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<hw>Mo*ham"med*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Mohammed</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>muh\'a0mmad</ets> praiseworthy, highly praised.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Mohammed, or the religion and institutions founded by Mohammed.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Mahometan</asp>, <asp>Mahomedan</asp>, <asp>Muhammadan</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Mohammedan</h1>
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<hw>Mo*ham"med*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A follower of Mohammed, the founder of Islamism; one who professes Mohammedanism or Islamism.</def>

<h1>Mohammedanism, Mohammedism</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mo*ham"med*an*ism</hw>, <hw>Mo*ham"med*ism</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The religion, or doctrines and precepts, of Mohammed, contained in the Koran; Islamism.</def>

<h1>Mohammedanize, Mohammedize</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mo*ham"med*an*ize</hw>, <hw>Mo*ham"med*ize</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make conformable to the principles, or customs and rites, of Mohammedanism.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Mahometanize</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mohawk</h1>
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<hw>Mo"hawk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>One of a tribe of Indians who formed part of the Five Nations. They formerly inhabited the valley of the Mohawk River.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of certain ruffians who infested the streets of London in the time of Addison, and took the name from the Mohawk Indians.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Spectator. Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Mohicans</h1>
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<hw>Mo*hi"cans</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Mohican</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Lenni-Lenape Indians who formerly inhabited Western Connecticut and Eastern New York.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Mohegans</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Moho</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ho</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A gallinule (<spn>Notornis Mantelli</spn>) formerly inhabiting New Zealand, but now supposed to be extinct. It was incapable of flight. See <er>Notornis</er>.</def>

<h1>Mohock</h1>
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<hw>Mo"hock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mohawk</er>.</def>

<h1>Moholi</h1>
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<hw>Mo*ho"li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Maholi</er>.</def>

<h1>Mohr</h1>
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<hw>Mohr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A West African gazelle (<spn>Gazella mohr</spn>), having horns on which are eleven or twelve very prominent rings. It is one of the species which produce bezoar.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mhorr</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mohur</h1>
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<hw>Mo"hur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind., fr. Per. <ets>muhur</ets>, <ets>muhr</ets>, a gold coin, a seal, seal ring.]</ety> <def>A British Indian gold coin, of the value of fifteen silver rupees, or $7.21.</def>

<i>Malcom.</i>

<h1>Mohurrum, Muharram</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mo*hur"rum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mu*har"ram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>muharram</ets>, prop., sacred, forbidden, n., the first month of the Mohammedan lunar year.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The first month of the Mohammedan year.</def>

<i>Whitworth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A festival of the Shiah sect of the Mohammedans held during the first ten days of the month Mohurrum.</def>

<h1>Moider</h1>
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<hw>Moi"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To toil.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Moidore</h1>
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<hw>Moi"dore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>moeda d'ouro</ets>, lit., coin of gold. Cf. <er>Money</er>, and <er>Aureate</er>.]</ety> <def>A gold coin of Portugal, valued at about 27s. sterling.</def>

<hr>
<page="936">
Page 936<p>

<h1>Moiety</h1>
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<hw>Moi"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Moieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>moiti\'82</ets>, L. <ets>medietas</ets>, fr. <ets>medius</ets> middle, half. See <er>Mid</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Mediate</er>, <er>Mediety</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of two equal parts; a half; <as>as, a <ex>moiety</ex> of an estate, of goods, or of profits; the <ex>moiety</ex> of a jury, or of a nation.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The more beautiful <b>moiety</b> of his majesty's subject.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An indefinite part; a small part.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Moil</h1>
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<hw>Moil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Moiled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Moiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>moillen</ets> to wet, OF. <ets>moillier</ets>, <ets>muillier</ets>, F. <ets>mouller</ets>, fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>molliare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mollis</ets> soft. See <er>Mollify</er>.]</ety> <def>To daub; to make dirty; to soil; to defile.</def>

<blockquote>Thou ... doest thy mind in dirty pleasures <b>moil</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moil</h1>
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<hw>Moil</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Moil</er> to daub; prob. from the idea of struggling through the wet.]</ety> <def>To soil one's self with severe labor; to work with painful effort; to labor; to toil; to drudge.</def>

<blockquote><b>Moil</b> not too much under ground.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now he must <b>moil</b> and drudge for one he loathes.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moil</h1>
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<hw>Moil</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A spot; a defilement.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>moil</b> of death upon them.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moile</h1>
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<hw>Moile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mule</ets> a slipper.]</ety> <def>A kind of high shoe anciently worn.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>moyle</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Moineau</h1>
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<hw>Moi"neau</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A small flat bastion, raised in the middle of an overlong curtain.</def>

<h1>Moira</h1>
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<hw>Moi"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Greek Myth.)</fld> <def>The deity who assigns to every man his lot.</def>

<h1>Moire</h1>
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<hw>Moire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. Cf. <er>Mohair</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, a fine textile fabric made of the hair of an Asiatic goat; afterwards, any textile fabric to which a watered appearance is given in the process of calendering.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A watered, clouded, or frosted appearance produced upon either textile fabrics or metallic surfaces.</def>

<cs><col>Moire antique</col>, <cd>a superior kind of thick moire.</cd></cs>

<h1>Moir\'82 m\'82tallique</h1>
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<hw>Moi`r\'82" m\'82`tal`lique"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A crystalline or frosted appearance produced by some acids on tin plate; also, the tin plate thus treated.</def>

<h1>Moist</h1>
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<hw>Moist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>moiste</ets>, OF. <ets>moiste</ets>, F. <ets>moite</ets>, fr. L. <ets>muccidus</ets>, for <ets>mucidus</ets>, moldy, musty. Cf. <er>Mucus</er>, <er>Mucid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Moderately wet; damp; humid; not dry; <as>as, a <ex>moist</ex> atmosphere or air</as>.</def> "<i>Moist</i> eyes."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fresh, or new.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Shoes full <i>moist</i> and new." "A draught of <i>moist</i> and corny ale."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Moist</h1>
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<hw>Moist</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To moisten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Moisten</h1>
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<hw>Mois"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Moistened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Moistening</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make damp; to wet in a small degree.</def>

<blockquote>A pipe a little <b>moistened</b> on the inside.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To soften by making moist; to make tender.</def>

<blockquote>It <b>moistened</b> not his executioner's heart with any pity.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moistener</h1>
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<hw>Mois"ten*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, moistens.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Moistful</h1>
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<hw>Moist"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of moisture.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Moistless</h1>
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<hw>Moist"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without moisture; dry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Moistness</h1>
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<hw>Moist"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being moist.</def>

<h1>Moisture</h1>
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<hw>Mois"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>moistour</ets>, F. <ets>moiteur</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A moderate degree of wetness.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which moistens or makes damp or wet; exuding fluid; liquid in small quantity.</def>

<blockquote>All my body's <b>moisture</b>
Scarce serves to quench my furnace-burning heat.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moistureless</h1>
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<hw>Mois"ture*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without moisture.</def>

<h1>Moisty</h1>
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<hw>Moist"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Moist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Moither</h1>
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<hw>Moi"ther</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>To perplex; to confuse.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Moither</h1>
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<hw>Moi"ther</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To toil; to labor.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Mokadour</h1>
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<hw>Mok"a*dour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>mocador</ets> handkerchief.]</ety> <def>A handkerchief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Moke</h1>
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<hw>Moke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A donkey.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Moke</h1>
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<hw>Moke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mesh of a net, or of anything resembling a net.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Moky</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ky</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>m\'94kkvi</ets> cloud, mist, <ets>m\'94kkr</ets> a dense cloud, W. <ets>mwg</ets> smoke, and E. <ets>muggy</ets>, <ets>muck</ets>.]</ety> <def>Misty; dark; murky; muggy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mola</h1>
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<hw>Mo"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sunfish</er>, 1.</def>

<h1>Molar</h1>
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<hw>Mo"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>moles</ets> mass.]</ety> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a mass of matter; -- said of the properties or motions of masses, as distinguished from those of molecules or atoms.</def>

<i>Carpenter.</i>

<h1>Molar</h1>
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<hw>Mo"lar</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>molaris</ets>, fr. <ets>mola</ets> mill, fr. <ets>molere</ets> to grind in a mill. See <er>Mill</er> the machine.]</ety> <def>Having power to grind; grinding; <as>as, the <ex>molar</ex> teeth</as>; also, of or pertaining to the molar teeth.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Molar</h1>
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<hw>Mo"lar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Any one of the teeth back of the incisors and canines. The molar which replace the deciduous or milk teeth are designated as <stype>premolars</stype>, and those which are not preceded by deciduous teeth are sometimes called <stype>true molars</stype>. See <er>Tooth</er>.</def>

<h1>Molary</h1>
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<hw>Mo"la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as 2d <er>Molar</er>.</def>

<h1>Molasse</h1>
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<hw>Mo*lasse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>molasse</ets>, prob. fr. <ets>mollasse</ets> flabby, flimsy, fr. L. <ets>mollis</ets> soft.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A soft Tertiary sandstone; -- applied to a rock occurring in Switzerland. See <i>Chart</i> of <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Molasses</h1>
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<hw>Mo*las"ses</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'82lasse</ets>, cf. Sp. <ets>melaza</ets>, Pg. <ets>mela\'87o</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mellaceus</ets> honeylike, honey-sweet, <ets>mel</ets>, <ets>mellis</ets>, honey. See <er>Mellifluous</er>, and cf. <er>Melasses</er>.]</ety> <def>The thick, brown or dark colored, viscid, uncrystallizable sirup which drains from sugar, in the process of manufacture; any thick, viscid, sweet sirup made from vegetable juice or sap, as of the sorghum or maple. See <er>Treacle</er>.</def>

<h1>Mold</h1>
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<hw>Mold</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mo<?/<?/</er> a spot.]</ety> <def>A spot; a blemish; a mole.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Mold, Mould</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mold</hw>, <hw>Mould</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>molde</ets>, AS. <ets>molde</ets>; akin to D. <ets>mul</ets>, G. <ets>mull</ets>, <ets>mulm</ets>, OHG. <ets>molt</ets>, <ets>molta</ets>, Icel. <ets>mold</ets>, Dan. <ets>muld</ets>, Sw. <ets>mull</ets>, Goth. <ets>mulda</ets>, and E. <ets>meal</ets> flour. See <er>Meal</er>, and cf. <er>Mole</er> an animal, <er>Mull</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <altsp>[The prevalent spelling is, perhaps, <asp>mould</asp>; but as the <it>u</it> has not been inserted in the other words of this class, as <it>bold</it>, <it>gold</it>, <it>old</asp>, <it>cold</it>, etc., it seems desirable to complete the analogy by dropping it from this word, thus spelling it as Spenser, South, and many others did. The omission of the <it>u</it> is now very common in America.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Crumbling, soft, friable earth; esp., earth containing the remains or constituents of organic matter, and suited to the growth of plants; soil.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Earthy material; the matter of which anything is formed; composing substance; material.</def>

<blockquote>The etherial <b>mold</b>,
Incapable of stain.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nature formed me of her softest <b>mold</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>
<-- 3. a fungus -->

<h1>Mold, Mould</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mold</hw>, <hw>Mould</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Molded</er> or <er>Moulded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Molding</er> or <er>Moulding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover with mold or soil.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mold, Mould</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mold</hw>, <hw>Mould</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the p.p. of OE. <ets>moulen</ets> to become moldy, to rot, prob. fr. Icel. <ets>mygla</ets> to grow musty, <ets>mugga</ets> mugginess; cf. Sw. <ets>m\'94gla</ets> to grow moldy. See <er>Muggy</er>, and cf. <er>Moldy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A growth of minute fungi of various kinds, esp. those of the great groups <spn>Hyphomycetes</spn>, and <spn>Physomycetes</spn>, forming on damp or decaying organic matter.</def>

<note>&hand; The common blue mold of cheese, the brick-red cheese mold, and the scarlet or orange strata which grow on tubers or roots stored up for use, when commencing to decay, are familiar examples.</note>

<i>M. J. Berkley.</i>

<h1>Mold, Mould</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mold</hw>, <hw>Mould</hw>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to become moldy; to cause mold to grow upon.</def>

<h1>Mold, Mould</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mold</hw>, <hw>Mould</hw>,<hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become moldy; to be covered or filled, in whole or in part, with a mold.</def>

<h1>Mold, Mould</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mold</hw>, <hw>Mould</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>molde</ets>, OF. <ets>mole</ets>, F. <ets>moule</ets>, fr. L. <ets>modulus</ets>. See <er>Model</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[For spelling, see 2d <er>Mold</er>, above.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The matrix, or cavity, in which anything is shaped, and from which it takes its form; also, the body or mass containing the cavity; <as>as, a sand <ex>mold</ex>; a jelly <ex>mold</ex>.</as></def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That on which, or in accordance with which, anything is modeled or formed; anything which serves to regulate the size, form, etc., as the pattern or templet used by a shipbuilder, carpenter, or mason.</def>

<blockquote>The glass of fashion and the <b>mold</b> of form.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Cast; form; shape; character.</def>

<blockquote>Crowned with an architrave of antique <b>mold</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A group of moldings; <as>as, the arch <ex>mold</ex> of a porch or doorway; the pier <ex>mold</ex> of a Gothic pier, meaning the whole profile, section, or combination of parts.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A fontanel.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Paper Making)</fld> <def>A frame with a wire cloth bottom, on which the pump is drained to form a sheet, in making paper by hand.</def>

<h1>Mold, Mould</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mold</hw>, <hw>Mould</hw>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mouler</ets>, OF. <ets>moler</ets>, <ets>moller</ets>. See <er>Mold</er> the matrix.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form into a particular shape; to shape; to model; to fashion.</def>

<blockquote>He forgeth and <b>moldeth</b> metals.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Did I request thee, Maker, from my clay
To <b>mold</b> me man?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To ornament by molding or carving the material of; <as>as, a <ex>molded</ex> window jamb</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To knead; <as>as, to <ex>mold</ex> dough or bread</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>To form a mold of, as in sand, in which a casting may be made.</def>

<h1>Moldable, Mouldable</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mold"a*ble</hw>, <hw>Mould"a*ble</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being molded or formed.</def>

<h1>Moldboard, Mouldboard</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mold"board`</hw>, <hw>Mould"board`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A curved plate of iron (originally of wood) back of the share of a plow, which turns over the earth in plowing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A follow board.</def>

<h1>Molder, Moulder</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mold"er</hw>, <hw>Mould"er</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, molds or forms into shape; specifically <fld>(Founding)</fld>, one skilled in the art of making molds for castings.</def>

<h1>Molder, Moulder</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mold"er</hw>, <hw>Mould"er</hw>,<hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Moldered</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Mouldered</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Moldering</er> or <er>Mouldering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Mold</er> fine soft earth: cf. Prov. G. <ets>multern</ets>.]</ety> <def>To crumble into small particles; to turn to dust by natural decay; to lose form, or waste away, by a gradual separation of the component particles, without the presence of water; to crumble away.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>moldering</b> of earth in frosts and sun.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When statues <b>molder</b>, and when arches fall.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If he had sat still, the enemy's army would have <b>moldered</b> to nothing.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Molder, Moulder</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mold"er</hw>, <hw>Mould"er</hw>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To turn to dust; to cause to crumble; to cause to waste away.</def>

<blockquote>[Time's] gradual touch
Has <b>moldered</b> into beauty many a tower.
<i>Mason.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moldery, Mouldery</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mold"er*y</hw>, <hw>Mould"er*y</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered or filled with mold; consisting of, or resembling, mold.</def>

<h1>Moldiness, Mouldiness</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mold"i*ness</hw>, <hw>Mould"i*ness</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Moldy</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being moldy.</def>

<h1>Molding, Moulding</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mold"ing</hw>, <hw>Mould"ing</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of shaping in or on a mold, or of making molds; the art or occupation of a molder.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything cast in a mold, or which appears to be so, as grooved or ornamental bars of wood or metal.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A plane, or curved, narrow surface, either sunk or projecting, used for decoration by means of the lights and shades upon its surface. Moldings vary greatly in pattern, and are generally used in groups, the different members of each group projecting or retreating, one beyond another. See <er>Cable</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3, and <cref>Crenelated molding</cref>, under <er>Crenelate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Molding, Moulding</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mold"ing</hw>, <hw>Mould"ing</hw>,<hw> <tt>p.a.</tt> <def>Used in making a mold or moldings; used in shaping anything according to a pattern.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Molding, &or; Moulding</col>, <col>board</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Follow board</cref>, under <er>Follow</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A board on which bread or pastry is kneaded and shaped.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Molding, &or; Moulding</col>, <col>machine</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Woodworking)</fld> <cd>A planing machine for making moldings</cd>. (<sd>b</sd>) <fld>(Founding)</fld> <cd>A machine to assist in making molds for castings.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Molding, &or; Moulding</col>, <col>mill</col></mcol>, <cd>a mill for shaping timber.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Molding, &or; Moulding</col>, <col>sand</col></mcol> <fld>(Founding)</fld>, <cd>a kind of sand containing clay, used in making molds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Moldwarp, Mouldwarp</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mold"warp</hw>, <hw>Mould"warp</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>moldwerp</ets>: AS. <ets>molde</ets> soil + <ets>weorpan</ets> to throw up; cf. OD. <ets>molworp</ets>, G. <ets>maulwurf</ets>, Icel. <ets>moldvarpa</ets>, Dan. <ets>muldvarp</ets>. See <er>Mold</er> soil, <er>Warp</er>, and cf. <er>Mole</er> the animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mole</er> the animal.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Moldy, Mouldy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mold"y</hw>, <hw>Mould"y</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Moldier</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Mouldier</er>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Moldiest</er> or <er>Mouldiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Mold</er> the growth of fungi.]</ety> <def>Overgrown with, or containing, mold; <as>as, <ex>moldy</ex> cheese or bread</as>.</def>

<h1>Mole</h1>
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<hw>Mole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m\'bel</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>meil</ets>, Goth. <ets>mail</ets> Cf. <er>Mail</er> a spot.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A spot; a stain; a mark which discolors or disfigures.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A spot, mark, or small permanent protuberance on the human body; esp., a spot which is dark-colored, from which commonly issue one or more hairs.</def>

<h1>Mole</h1>
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<hw>Mole</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mola</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mass of fleshy or other more or less solid matter generated in the uterus.</def>

<h1>Mole</h1>
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<hw>Mole</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'93le</ets>, L. <ets>moles</ets>. Cf. <er>Demolish</er>, <er>Emolument</er>, <er>Molest</er>.]</ety> <def>A mound or massive work formed of masonry or large stones, etc., laid in the sea, often extended either in a right line or an arc of a circle before a port which it serves to defend from the violence of the waves, thus protecting ships in a harbor; also, sometimes, the harbor itself.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Mole</h1>
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<hw>Mole</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>molle</ets>, either shortened fr. <ets>moldwerp</ets>, or from the root of E. <ets>mold</ets> soil: cf. D. <ets>mol</ets>, OD. <ets>molworp</ets>. See <er>Moldwarp</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any insectivore of the family <spn>Talpid\'91</spn>. They have minute eyes and ears, soft fur, and very large and strong fore feet.</def>

<note>&hand; The common European mole, or moldwarp (<spn>Talpa Europ\'91a</spn>), is noted for its extensive burrows. The common American mole, or shrew mole (<spn>Scalops aquaticus</spn>), and star-nosed mole (<spn>Condylura cristata</spn>) have similar habits.</note>

<note>&hand; In the Scriptures, the name is applied to two unindentified animals, perhaps the chameleon and mole rat.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A plow of peculiar construction, for forming underground drains.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<-- 3. (fig.) a spy who lives for years an apparently normal life (to establish a cover) before beginning his spying activities. -->

<cs><col>Duck mole</col>. <cd>See under <er>Duck</er>.</cd> -- <col>Golden mole</col>. <cd>See <er>Chrysochlore</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mole cricket</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an orthopterous insect of the genus <spn>Gryllotalpa</spn>, which excavates subterranean galleries, and throws up mounds of earth resembling those of the mole. It is said to do damage by injuring the roots of plants. The common European species (<spn>Gryllotalpa vulgaris</spn>), and the American (<spn>G. borealis</spn>), are the best known.</cd> -- <col>Mole rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of Old World rodents of the genera <spn>Spalax</spn>, <spn>Georychus</spn>, and several allied genera. They are molelike in appearance and habits, and their eyes are small or rudimentary.</cd> -- <col>Mole shrew</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of short-tailed American shrews of the genus <spn>Blarina</spn>, esp. <spn>B. brevicauda</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Water mole</col>, <cd>the duck mole.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mole</h1>
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<hw>Mole</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Moled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Moling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form holes in, as a mole; to burrow; to excavate; <as>as, to <ex>mole</ex> the earth</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To clear of molehills.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Pegge.</i>

<h1>Molebut</h1>
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<hw>Mole"but</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sunfish (<spn>Orthagoriscus</spn>, or <spn>Mola</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>molebat</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Molecast</h1>
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<hw>Mole"cast`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little elevation of earth made by a mole; a molehill.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Molech</h1>
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<hw>Mo"lech</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>molek</ets> king.]</ety> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>The fire god of the Ammonites, to whom human sacrifices were offered; Moloch.</def>

<i>Lev. xviii. 21.</i>

<h1>Molecular</h1>
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<hw>Mo*lec"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mol\'82culare</ets>. See <er>Molecule</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Phys. & Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, connected with, produced by, or consisting of, molecules; <as>as, <ex>molecular</ex> forces; <ex>molecular</ex> groups of atoms, etc.</as></def>

<cs><col>Molecular attraction</col> <fld>(Phys.)</fld>, <cd>attraction acting between the molecules of bodies, and at insensible distances.</cd> -- <col>Molecular weight</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the weight of a molecule of any gas or vapor as compared with the hydrogen atom as a standard; the sum of the atomic weights of the constituents of a molecule; <as>thus, the <ex>molecular weight<ex> of water (<chform>H2O</chform>) is 18</as>.</cd></cs>
<-- now, compared with carbon-12 as standard -->

<h1>Molecularity</h1>
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<hw>Mo*lec`u*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Phys. & Chem.)</fld> <def>The state of consisting of molecules; the state or quality of being molecular.</def>

<h1>Molecularly</h1>
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<hw>Mo*lec"u*lar*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Phys. & Chem.)</fld> <def>With molecules; in the manner of molecules.</def>

<i>W. R. Grove.</i>

<h1>Molecule</h1>
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<hw>Mol"e*cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. fr. L. <ets>moles</ets> a mass: cf. F. <ets>mol\'82cule</ets>. See 3d <er>Mole</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the very small invisible particles of which all matter is supposed to consist.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The smallest part of any substance which possesses the characteristic properties and qualities of that substance, and which can exist alone in a free state.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A group of atoms so united and combined by chemical affinity that they form a complete, integrated whole, being the smallest portion of any particular compound that can exist in a free state; <as>as, a <ex>molecule</ex> of water consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen</as>. Cf. <er>Atom</er>.</def>

<h1>Mole-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Mole"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having eyes like those of the mole; having imperfect sight.</def>

<h1>Molehill</h1>
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<hw>Mole"hill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little hillock of earth thrown up by moles working under ground; hence, a very small hill, or an insignificant obstacle or difficulty.</def>

<blockquote>Having leapt over such mountains, lie down before a <b>molehill</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="937">
Page 937<p>

<h1>Molendinaceous, Molendinarious</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mo*len`di*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mo*len`di*na"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>molendinarius</ets>, fr. <ets>molendinum</ets> a mill, fr. <ets>molere</ets> to grind.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resembling the sails of a windmill.</def>

<h1>Moleskin</h1>
<Xpage=937>

<hw>Mole"skin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any fabric having a thick soft shag, like the fur of a mole; esp., a kind of strong twilled fustian.</def>

<h1>Molest</h1>
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<hw>Mo*lest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Molested</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Molesting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>molester</ets>, L. <ets>molestare</ets>, fr. <ets>molestus</ets> troublesome, fr. <ets>moles</ets> a heavy mass, load, burden. See 3d <er>Mole</er>.]</ety> <def>To trouble; to disturb; to render uneasy; to interfere with; to vex.</def>

<blockquote>They have <b>molested</b> the church with needless opposition.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To trouble; disturb; incommode; inconvenience; annoy; vex; tease.</syn>

<h1>Molest</h1>
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<hw>Mo*lest"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Molestation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Molestation</h1>
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<hw>Mol`es*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>molestation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of molesting, or the state of being molested; disturbance; annoyance.</def>

<h1>Molester</h1>
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<hw>Mo*lest"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who molests.</def>

<h1>Molestful</h1>
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<hw>Mo*lest"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Troublesome; vexatious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Molestie, Molesty</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mo*les"tie</hw>, <hw>Mo*les"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>molestia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Molestation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Molewarp</h1>
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<hw>Mole"warp`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Moldwarp</er>.</def>

<h1>Moliminous</h1>
<Xpage=937>

<hw>Mo*lim"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>molimen</ets> a great exertion; <ets>moles</ets> a heavy mass.]</ety> <def>Of great bulk or consequence; very important.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Moline</h1>
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<hw>Mo"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>molina</ets> mill, fr. <ets>molere</ets> to grind. See <er>Mill</er>.]</ety> <def>The crossed iron that supports the upper millstone by resting on the spindle; a millrind.</def>

<cs><col>Cross moline</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a cross each arm of which is divided at the end into two rounded branches or divisions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Molinism</h1>
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<hw>Mo"lin*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>The doctrines of the Molinists, somewhat resembling the tenets of the Arminians.</def>

<h1>Molinist</h1>
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<hw>Mo"lin*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of the opinions of Molina, a Spanish Jesuit (in respect to grace); an opposer of the Jansenists.</def>

<h1>Moll</h1>
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<hw>Moll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[G., fr. L. <ets>mollis</ets> soft, tender, elegiac. Cf. <er>Molle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Minor; in the minor mode; <as>as, A <ex>moll</ex>, that is, A minor</as>.</def>

<h1>Mollah</h1>
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<hw>Mol"lah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>maul\'be</ets>, commonly <ets>moll\'be</ets>in Turkey.]</ety> <def>One of the higher order of Turkish judges; also, a Turkish title of respect for a religious and learned man.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>moolah</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Molle</h1>
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<hw>Mol"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Moll</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Lower by a semitone; flat; <as>as, E <ex>molle</ex>, that is, E flat</as>.</def>

<h1>Mollebart</h1>
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<hw>Mol"le*bart</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An agricultural implement used in Flanders, consisting of a kind of large shovel drawn by a horse and guided by a man.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>molleb\'91rt</asp> and <asp>mouldeb\'91rt</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Mollemoke</h1>
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<hw>Mol"le*moke`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sw. <ets>mallemucke</ets> the stormy petrel.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of large pelagic petrels and fulmars, as <spn>Fulmarus glacialis</spn>, of the North Atlantic, and several species of <spn>\'92strelata</spn>, of the Southern Ocean. See <er>Fulmar</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mollymawk</asp>, <asp>malmock</asp>, <asp>mollemock</asp>, <asp>mallemocke</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Mollient</h1>
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<hw>Mol"lient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>molliens</ets>, p.p. of <ets>mollire</ets> to soften, fr. <ets>mollis</ets> soft.]</ety> <def>Serving to soften; assuaging; emollient.</def>

<h1>Molliently</h1>
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<hw>Mol"lient*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Assuagingly.</def>

<h1>Mollifiable</h1>
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<hw>Mol"li*fi`a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being mollified.</def>

<h1>Mollification</h1>
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<hw>Mol`li*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>mollificatio</ets>; cf. F. <ets>mollification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of mollifying, or the state of being mollified; a softening.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mollifier</h1>
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<hw>Mol"li*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, mollifies.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Mollify</h1>
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<hw>Mol"li*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mollified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mollifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>mollifier</ets>, L. <ets>mollificare</ets>; <ets>mollis</ets> soft + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>Enmollient</er>, <er>Moil</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To soften; to make tender; to reduce the hardness, harshness, or asperity of; to qualify; <as>as, to <ex>mollify</ex> the ground</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With sweet science <b>mollified</b> their stubborn hearts.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To assuage, as pain or irritation, to appease, as excited feeling or passion; to pacify; to calm.</def>

<h1>Mollinet</h1>
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<hw>Mol"li*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Moline</er>.]</ety> <def>A little mill.</def>

<h1>Mollipilose</h1>
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<hw>Mol`li*pi*lose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mollis</ets> soft + <ets>pilosus</ets> hairy.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having soft hairs; downy.</def>

<h1>Mollities</h1>
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<hw>Mol*li"ti*es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., softness.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Unnatural softness of any organ or part.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Mollitude</h1>
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<hw>Mol"li*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mollitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>mollis</ets> soft.]</ety> <def>Softness; effeminacy; weakness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mollusc</h1>
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<hw>Mol"lusc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Mollusk</er>.</def>

<h1>Mollusca</h1>
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<hw>Mol*lus"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Mollusk</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom, including the classes Cephalopoda, Gastropoda, PteropodaScaphopoda, and Lamellibranchiata, or Conchifera. These animals have an unsegmented bilateral body, with most of the organs and parts paired, but not repeated longitudinally. Most of them develop a mantle, which incloses either a branchial or a pulmonary cavity. They are generally more or less covered and protected by a calcareous shell, which may be univalve, bivalve, or multivalve.</def>

<note>&hand; Formerly the Brachiopoda, Bryzoa, and Tunicata were united with the Lamellibranchiata in an artificial group called Acephala, which was also included under Mollusca. See <er>Molluscoudea</er>.</note>

<h1>Molluscan</h1>
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<hw>Mol*lus"can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to mollusks.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A mollusk; one of the Mollusca.</def></def2>

<h1>Molluscoid</h1>
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<hw>Mol*lus"coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mollusca</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling the true mollusks; belonging to the Molluscoidea.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Molluscoidea.</def></def2>

<h1>Molluscoidal</h1>
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<hw>Mol`lus*coid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Molluscoid.</def>

<h1>Molluscoidea</h1>
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<hw>Mol`lus*coi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Mollusk</er>, and <er>-oid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Invertebrata which includes the classes Brachiopoda and Bryozoa; -- called also <altname>Anthoid Mollusca</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; Originally the Tunicata were included under Molluscoidea, from which they are known to differ widely in structure and embryology. Molluscoidea were formerly considered a subdivision of Mollusca, but they are now known to have more relationship with Annelida than with Mollusca.</note>

<h1>Molluscous</h1>
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<hw>Mol*lus"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Molluscan.</def>

<h1>Molluscum</h1>
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<hw>Mol*lus"cum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Mollusk</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cutaneous disease characterized by numerous tumors, of various forms, filled with a thick matter; -- so called from the resemblance of the tumors to some molluscous animals.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Mollusk</h1>
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<hw>Mol"lusk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mollusque</ets>, L. <ets>mollusca</ets> a kind of soft nut with a thin shell, fr. <ets>molluscus</ets> soft, <ets>mollis</ets> soft. See <er>Mollify</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Mollusca.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mollusc</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Molly</h1>
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<hw>Mol"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Mollemoke</er>.</def>

<h1>Molly</h1>
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<hw>Mol"ly</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pet or colloquial name for <i>Mary</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Molly cottontail</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Cottontail</er>.</cd> -- <col>Molly Maguire</col> <tt>(m&adot;*gw&imac;r")</tt>; <plu>pl. <er>Molly Maguires</er> <tt>(-gw&imac;rz)</tt></plu>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A member of a secret association formed among the tenantry in Ireland about 1843, principally for the purpose of intimidating law officers and preventing the service of legal writs. Its members disguised themselves in the dress of women.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A member of a similar association of Irishmen organized in the anthracite coal region of Pennsylvania, about 1854, for the purpose of intimidating employers and officers of the law, and for avenging themselves by murder on persons obnoxious to them. The society was broken up by criminal prosecutions in 1876.</cd></cs>

<h1>Molly-mawk</h1>
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<hw>Mol"ly-mawk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mollemoke</er>.</def>

<h1>Moloch</h1>
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<hw>Mo"loch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>molek</ets> king.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>The fire god of the Ammonites in Canaan, to whom human sacrifices were offered; Molech. Also applied figuratively.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spiny Australian lizard (<spn>Moloch horridus</spn>). The horns on the head and numerous spines on the body give it a most formidable appearance.</def>
<-- illustr. of Moloch. -->

<h1>Molosse</h1>
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<hw>Mo*losse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Molossus</er>.</def>

<h1>Molosses</h1>
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<hw>Mo*los"ses</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Molasses.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Molossine</h1>
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<hw>Mo*los"sine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bat of the genus <spn>Molossus</spn>, as the monk bat.</def>

<h1>Molossus</h1>
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<hw>Mo*los"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, prop., Molossian, belonging to the Molossians, a people in the eastern part of Epirus.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. & Lat. Pros.)</fld> <def>A foot of three long syllables.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>molosse</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Molt</h1>
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<hw>Molt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs.imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Melt</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Molt, Moult</h1>
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<hw><hw>Molt</hw>, <hw>Moult</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Molted</er> or <er>Moulted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Molting</er> or <er>Moulting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>mouten</ets>, L. <ets>mutare</ets>. See <er>Mew</er> to molt, and cf. <er>Mute</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <altsp>[The prevalent spelling is, perhaps, <asp>moult</asp>; but as the <asp>u</asp> has not been inserted in the otherwords of this class, <as>as, <ex>bolt</ex>, <ex>colt</ex>, <ex>dolt</ex>, etc.</as>, it is desirable to complete the analogy by the spelling <asp>molt</asp>.]</altsp> <def>To shed or cast the hair, feathers, skin, horns, or the like, as an animal or a bird.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Molt, Moult</h1>
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<hw><hw>Molt</hw>, <hw>Moult</hw>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cast, as the hair, skin, feathers, or the like; to shed.</def>

<h1>Molt, Moult</h1>
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<hw><hw>Molt</hw>, <hw>Moult</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of changing the feathers, hair, skin, etc.; molting.</def>

<h1>Moltable</h1>
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<hw>Molt"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of assuming a molten state; meltable; fusible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Molten</h1>
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<hw>Mol"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Melt</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Melted; being in a state of fusion, esp. when the liquid state is produced by a high degree of heat; <as>as, <ex>molten</ex> iron</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Made by melting and casting the substance or metal of which the thing is formed; <as>as, a <ex>molten</ex> image</as>.</def>

<h1>Molto</h1>
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<hw>Mol"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Much; very; <as>as, <ex>molto</ex> adagio, very slow</as>.</def>

<h1>Moly</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fabulous herb of occult power, having a black root and white blossoms, said by Homer to have been given by Hermes to Ulysses to counteract the spells of Circe.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of garlic (<spn>Allium Moly</spn>) with large yellow flowers; -- called also <altname>golden garlic</altname>.</def>

<h1>Molybdate</h1>
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<hw>Mo*lyb"date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of molybdic acid.</def>

<h1>Molybdena</h1>
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<hw>Mol`yb*de"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>molybdaena</ets> galena, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ lead.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Molybdenite</er>.</def>

<h1>Molybdenite</h1>
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<hw>Mo*lyb"de*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>molybd\'82nite</ets>. See <er>Molybdena</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occurring in soft, lead-gray, foliated masses or scales, resembling graphite; sulphide of molybdenum.</def>

<h1>Molybdenous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*lyb"de*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Molybdous</er>.</def>

<h1>Molybdenum</h1>
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<hw>Mol`yb*de"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.: cf. F. <ets>molybd\'8ane</ets>. See <er>Molybdena</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare element of the chromium group, occurring in nature in the minerals molybdenite and wulfenite, and when reduced obtained as a hard, silver-white, difficulty fusible metal. Symbol Mo. Atomic weight 95.9.</def>

<h1>Molybdic</h1>
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<hw>Mo*lyb"dic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>molybdique</ets>. See <er>molybdena</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, molybdenum; specif., designating those compounds in which the element has a higher valence, as contrasted with <i>molybdous</i> compounds; <as>as, <ex>molybdic</ex> oxide</as>.</def>

<h1>Molybdite</h1>
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<hw>Mo*lyb"dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Molybdic ocher.</def>

<h1>Molybdous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*lyb"dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Molybdena</er>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, molybdenum; specif., designating those compounds in which molybdenum has a lower valence as contrasted with <i>molybdic</i> compounds.</def>

<h1>Mome</h1>
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<hw>Mome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Mumm</er>, <er>Momus</er>.]</ety> <def>A dull, silent person; a blockhead.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Moment</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>moment</ets>, L. <ets>momentum</ets>, for <ets>movimentum</ets> movement, motion, moment, fr. <ets>movere</ets> to move. See <er>Move</er>, and cf. <er>Momentum</er>, <er>Movement</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A minute portion of time; a point of time; an instant; <as>as, at thet very <ex>moment</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>In a <b>moment</b>, in the twinkling of an eye.
<i>1 Cor. xv. 52.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Impulsive power; force; momentum.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>moments</b> or quantities of motion in bodies.
<i>Berkley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Touch, with lightest <b>moment</b> of impulse,
His free will.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Importance, as in influence or effect; consequence; weight or value; consideration.</def>

<blockquote>Matters of great <b>moment</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is an abstruse speculation, but also of far less <b>moment</b> and consequence of us than the others.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An essential element; a deciding point, fact, or consideration; an essential or influential circumstance.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An infinitesimal change in a varying quantity; an increment or decrement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Tendency, or measure of tendency, to produce motion, esp. motion about a fixed point or axis.</def>

<cs><col>Moment of a couple</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the product of either of its forces into the perpendicular distance between them.</cd> -- <col>Moment of a force</col>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <mark>With respect to a point</mark>, <cd>the product of the intensity of the force into the perpendicular distance from the point to the line of direction of the force</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <mark>With respect to a line</mark>, <cd>the product of that component of the force which is perpendicular to the plane passing through the line and the point of application of the force, into the shortest distance between the line and this point</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <mark>With respect to a plane that is parallel to the force</mark>, <cd>the product of the force into the perpendicular distance of its point of application from the plane.</cd> -- <col>Moment of inertia</col>, <cd>of a rotating body, the sum of the mass of each particle of matter of the body into the square of its distance from the axis of rotation; -- called also <altname>moment of rotation</altname> and <altname>moment of the mass</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Statical moment</col>, <cd>the product of a force into its leverage; the same as <altname>moment of a force</altname> with respect to a point, line, etc.</cd> -- <col>Virtual moment</col>. <cd>See under <er>Virtual</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Instant; twinkling; consequence; weight; force; value; consideration; signification; avail.</syn>

<h1>Momental</h1>
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<hw>Mo*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>momental</ets>.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lasting but a moment; brief.</def>

<blockquote>Not one <b>momental</b> minute doth she swerve.
<i>Breton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Important; momentous.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to moment or momentum.</def>

<h1>Momentally</h1>
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<hw>Mo*men"tal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>For a moment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Momentaneous, Momentany</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mo`men*ta"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mo"men*ta*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>momentaneus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>momentan\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Momentary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Hooker</i>. "<i>Momentany</i> as a sound."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Momentarily</h1>
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<hw>Mo"men*ta*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Every moment; from moment to moment.</def><-- in a moment (=very soon) -->

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<h1>Momentariness</h1>
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<hw>Mo"men*ta*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being momentary; shortness of duration.</def>

<h1>Momentary</h1>
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<hw>Mo"men*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>momentarius</ets>. See <er>Moment</er>.]</ety> <def>Done in a moment; continuing only a moment; lasting a very short time; <as>as, a <ex>momentary</ex> pang</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>momentary</b> joy breeds months of pain.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Momently</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ment*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>For a moment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a moment; every moment; momentarily.</def>

<h1>Momentous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*men"tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>momentosus</ets> rapid, momentary.]</ety> <def>Of moment or consequence; very important; weighty; <as>as, a <ex>momentous</ex> decision; <ex>momentous</ex> affairs.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mo*men"tous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mo*men"tous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Momentum</h1>
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<hw>Mo*men"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Momenta</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, F. <plw>Momentums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Moment</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The quantity of motion in a moving body, being always proportioned to the quantity of matter multiplied into the velocity; impetus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Essential element, or constituent element.</def>

<blockquote>I shall state the several <b>momenta</b> of the distinction in separate propositions.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<-- Fig. a property of an activity, analogous to forward motion or to physical momentum (def. 1), which is believed to be able to continue moving forward without further application of force or effort; as, the petition drive gained momentum when it was mentioned in the newspapers -->

<h1>Momier</h1>
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<hw>Mom"i*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>m\'93mier</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>momer</ets>, <ets>mommer</ets>, to mumm, to mask one's self.]</ety> <def>A name given in contempt to strict Calvinists in Switzerland, France, and some parts of Germany, in the early part of the 19th century.</def>

<h1>Mommery</h1>
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<hw>Mom"mer*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mummery</er>.</def>

<i>Rowe.</i>

<h1>Momot</h1>
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<hw>Mo"mot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Momot</ets> and <ets>motmot</ets>, the native American name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Motmot</er>.</def>

<h1>Momus</h1>
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<hw>Mo"mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ blame, ridicule, Momus.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>The god of mockery and censure.</def>

<h1>Mon-</h1>
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<hw>Mon-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Same as <er>Mono-</er>.</def>

<h1>Mona</h1>
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<hw>Mo"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[CF. Sp. & Pg. <ets>mona</ets>, fem. of <ets>mono</ets> a monkey, ape.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, handsome, long-tailed West American monkey (<spn>Cercopithecus mona</spn>). The body is dark olive, with a spot of white on the haunches.</def>

<h1>Monachal</h1>
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<hw>Mon"a*chal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>monachus</ets> a monk: cf. F. <ets>monacal</ets>. See <er>Monk</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to monks or a monastic life; monastic.</def>

<h1>Monachism</h1>
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<hw>Mon"a*chism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>monachisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The system and influences of a monastic life; monasticism.</def>

<h1>Monacid</h1>
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<hw>Mon*ac"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mon-</ets> + <ets>acid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having one hydrogen atom replaceable by a negative or acid atom or radical; capable of neutralizing a monobasic acid; -- said of bases, and of certain metals.</def>

<h1>Monad</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>monas</ets>, <ets>-adis</ets>, a unit, Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ alone.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ultimate atom, or simple, unextended point; something ultimate and indivisible.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Philos. of Leibnitz)</fld> <def>The elementary and indestructible units which were conceived of as endowed with the power to produce all the changes they undergo, and thus determine all physical and spiritual phenomena.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the smallest flangellate Infusoria; esp., the species of the genus Monas, and allied genera.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A simple, minute organism; a primary cell, germ, or plastid.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An atom or radical whose valence is one, or which can combine with, be replaced by, or exchanged for, one atom of hydrogen.</def>

<cs><col>Monad deme</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>in tectology, a unit of the first order of individuality.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="938">
Page 938<p>

<h1>Monadaria</h1>
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<hw>Mon`a*da"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Monad</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Infusoria.</def>

<h1>Monadelphia</h1>
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<hw>Mon`a*del"phi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ alone + <?/ brother.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an class of plants having the stamens united into a tube, or ring, by the filaments, as in the Mallow family.</def>

<h1>Monadelphian, Monadelphous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon`a*del"phi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mon`a*del"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>monadelphie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Monadelphia; having the stamens united in one body by the filaments.</def>

<h1>Monadic, Monadical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mo*nad"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mo*nad"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or like, a monad, in any of its senses. See <er>Monad</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Monadiform</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nad"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Monad</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a monad; resembling a monad in having one or more filaments of vibratile protoplasm; <as>as, <ex>monadiform</ex> young</as>.</def>

<h1>Monadology</h1>
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<hw>Mon`ad*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Monad</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The doctrine or theory of monads.</def>

<h1>Monal</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any Asiatic pheasant of the genus <spn>Lophophorus</spn>, as the Impeyan pheasant.</def>

<h1>Monamide</h1>
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<hw>Mon*am"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mon-</ets> + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An amido compound with only one amido group.</def>

<h1>Monamine</h1>
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<hw>Mon*am"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mon-</ets> + <ets>amine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A basic compound containing one amido group; <as>as, methyl amine is a <ex>monamine</ex></as>.</def><-- now, monoamine -->

<h1>Monander</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nan"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the Monandria.</def>

<h1>Monandria</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nan"dri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ alone + <?/, <?/, a man.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an class of plants embracing those having but a single stamen.</def>

<h1>Monandrian</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nan"dri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>; <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Monandrous</er>.</def>

<h1>Monandric</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nan"dric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to monandry; practicing monandry as a system of marriage.</def>

<h1>Monandrous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nan"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the monandria; having but one stamen.</def>

<h1>Monandry</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nan"dry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Monandria</er>.]</ety> <def>The possession by a woman of only one husband at the same time; -- contrasted with <i>polyandry</i>.</def>

<h1>Monanthous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nan"thous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mon-</ets> + Gr. <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having but one flower; one-flowered.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Monarch</h1>
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<hw>Mon"arch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>monarque</ets>, L. <ets>monarcha</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ alone + <?/ to be first, rule, govern. See <er>Archi-</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sole or supreme ruler; a sovereign; the highest ruler; an emperor, king, queen, prince, or chief.</def>

<blockquote>He who reigns
<b>Monarch</b> in heaven, ... upheld by old repute.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One superior to all others of the same kind; <as>as, an oak is called the <ex>monarch</ex> of the forest</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A patron deity or presiding genius.</def>

<blockquote>Come, thou, <b>monarch</b> of the vine,
Plumpy Bacchus.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very large red and black butterfly (<spn>Danais Plexippus</spn>); -- called also <altname>milkweed butterfly</altname>.</def>

<h1>Monarch</h1>
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<hw>Mon"arch</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Superior to others; pre\'89minent; supreme; ruling.</def> "<i>Monarch</i> savage."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Monarchal</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nar"chal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a monarch; suiting a monarch; sovoreign; regal; imperial.</def>

<blockquote>Satan, whom now transcendent glory raised
Above his fellows, with <b>monarchal</b> pride.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Monarchess</h1>
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<hw>Mon"arch*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female monarch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Monarchial</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nar"chi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Monarchic.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Monarchian</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nar"chi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect in the early Christian church which rejected the doctrine of the Trinity; -- called also <altname>patripassian</altname>.</def>

<h1>Monarchic, Monarchical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mo*nar"chic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mo*nar"chic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>monarchique</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a monarch, or to monarchy.</def> <i>Burke</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Mo*nar"chic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Monarchism</h1>
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<hw>Mon"arch*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles of, or preference for, monarchy.</def>

<h1>Monarchist</h1>
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<hw>Mon"arch*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>monarchiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>An advocate of, or believer in, monarchy.</def>

<h1>Monarchize</h1>
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<hw>Mon"arch*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Monarchized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Monarchizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To play the sovereign; to act the monarch.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Monarchize</h1>
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<hw>Mon"arch*ize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To rule; to govern.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Monarchizer</h1>
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<hw>Mon"arch*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who monarchizes; also, a monarchist.</def>

<h1>Monarcho</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nar"cho</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The nickname of a crackbrained Italian who fancied himself an emperor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Monarchy</h1>
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<hw>Mon"arch*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Monarchies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>monarchie</ets>, L. <ets>monarchia</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Monarch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A state or government in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands of a monarch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A system of government in which the chief ruler is a monarch.</def>

<blockquote>In those days he had affected zeal for <b>monarchy</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The territory ruled over by a monarch; a kingdom.</def>

<blockquote>What scourage for perjury
Can this dark <b>monarchy</b> afford false Clarence.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fifth monarchy</col>, <cd>a universal monarchy, supposed to be the subject of prophecy in Daniel ii.; the four preceding monarchies being Assyrian, Persian, Grecian, and Roman. See <cref>Fifth Monarchy men</cref>, under <er>Fifth</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Monas</h1>
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<hw>Mo"nas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Monad</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of minute flagellate Infusoria of which there are many species, both free and attached. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Monad</er>.</def>

<h1>Monasterial</h1>
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<hw>Mon`as*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>monasterials</ets>, fr. <ets>monasterium</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to monastery, or to monastic life.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mon`as*te"ri*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Monastery</h1>
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<hw>Mon"as*te*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Monasteries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>monasterium</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a solitary, a monk, fr. <?/ to be alone, live in solitude, fr. <?/ alone. Cf. <er>Minister</er>.]</ety> <def>A house of religious retirement, or of secusion from ordinary temporal concerns, especially for monks; -- more rarely applied to such a house for females.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Convent; abbey; priory. See <er>Cloister</er>.</syn>

<h1>Monastic</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A monk.</def>

<h1>Monastic, Monastical</h1>
<Xpage=938>

<hw><hw>Mo*nas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mo*nas"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ monk: cf. F. <ets>monastique</ets>. See <er>Monastery</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to monasteries, or to their occupants, rules, etc., <as>as, <ex>monastic</ex> institutions or rules</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Secluded from temporal concerns and devoted to religion; recluse.</def> "A life <i>monastic</i>."

<i>Denham.</i>

<h1>Monastically</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nas"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a monastic manner.</def>

<h1>Monasticism</h1>
<Xpage=938>

<hw>Mo*nas"ti*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The monastic life, system, or condition.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Monasticon</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nas"ti*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Monastic</er>.]</ety> <def>A book giving an account of monasteries.</def>

<h1>Monatomic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`a*tom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mon-</ets> + <ets>atomic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Consisting of, or containing, one atom; <as>as, the molecule of mercury is <ex>monatomic</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having the equivalence or replacing power of an atom of hydrogen; univalent; <as>as, the methyl radical is <ex>monatomic</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Monaxial</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nax"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mon-</ets> + <ets>axial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having only one axis; developing along a single line or plane; <as>as, <ex>monaxial</ex> development</as>.</def>

<h1>Monatize</h1>
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<hw>Mon"a*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ to be solitary, in allusion to its isolated crystals.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occurring usually in small isolated crystals, -- phosphate of the cerium metals.</def>

<h1>Monday</h1>
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<hw>Mon"day</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>moneday</ets>, <ets>monenday</ets>, AS. <ets>m\'d3nand\'91g</ets>, i.e., day of the moon, day sacred to the moon; akin to D. <ets>maandag</ets>, G. <ets>montag</ets>, OHG. <ets>m\'benatag</ets>, Icel. <ets>m\'benadagr</ets>, Dan. <ets>mandag</ets>, Sw. <ets>m\'86ndag</ets>. See <er>Moon</er>, and <er>Day</er>.]</ety> <def>The second day of the week; the day following Sunday.</def>

<h1>Monde</h1>
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<hw>Monde</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Mundane</er>.]</ety> <def>The world; a globe as an ensign of royalty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>A. Drummond.</i>

<cs><col>Le beau monde</col> <ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>fashionable society. See <er>Beau monde</er>.</cd> -- <col>Demi monde</col>. <cd>See <er>Demimonde</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mone</h1>
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<hw>Mone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The moon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mone</h1>
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<hw>Mone</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A moan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Monecian, Monecious</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mo*ne"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mo*ne"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mon\'d2cian</er>, and <er>Mon\'d2cious</er>.</def>

<h1>Monembryony</h1>
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<hw>Mon*em"bry*o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mono-</er>, and <er>Embryo</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The condition of an ovule having but a single embryo.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mon*em`bry*on"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Moner</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Monera.</def>

<h1>Monera</h1>
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<hw>Mo*ne"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ single.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lowest division of rhizopods, including those which resemble the am\'d2bas, but are destitute of a nucleus.</def>

<h1>Moneral</h1>
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<hw>Mo*ne"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Monera.</def>

<h1>Moneran</h1>
<Xpage=938>

<hw>Mo*ne"ran</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Monera.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Monera.</def></def2>

<h1>Moneron</h1>
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<hw>Mo*ne"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Monera</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>; E. <plw>Monerons</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Monera.</def>

<h1>Monerula</h1>
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<hw>Mo*ner"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., dim. of <ets>moner</ets>. See <er>Monera</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A germ in that stage of development in which its form is simply that of a non-nucleated mass of protoplasm. It precedes the one-celled germ. So called from its likeness to a moner.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<h1>Monesia</h1>
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<hw>Mo*ne"sia</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Pharm.)</fld> <def>The bark, or a vegetable extract brought in solid cakes from South America and believed to be derived from the bark, of the tree <spn>Chrysophyllum glycyphl\'d2um</spn>. It is used as an alterative and astringent.</def>

<h1>Monesin</h1>
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<hw>Mo*ne"sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The acrid principle of Monesia, sometimes used as a medicine.</def>

<h1>Monest</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Admonish</er>.]</ety> <def>To warn; to admonish; to advise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif (2 Cor. v. 20).</i>

<h1>Monetary</h1>
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<hw>Mon"e*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>monetarius</ets> belonging to a mint. See <er>Money</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to money, or consisting of money; pecuniary.</def> "The <i>monetary</i> relations of Europe."

<i>E. Everett.</i>

<cs><col>Monetary unit</col>, <cd>the standard of a national currency, as the dollar in the United States, the pound in England, the franc in France, the mark in Germany.</cd></cs>

<h1>Moneth</h1>
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<hw>Mon"eth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A month.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Monetization</h1>
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<hw>Mon`e*ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of converting into money, or of adopting as money; <as>as, the <ex>monetization</ex> of silver</as>.</def>

<h1>Monetize</h1>
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<hw>Mon"e*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To convert into money; to adopt as current money; <as>as, to <ex>monetize</ex> silver</as>.</def>

<h1>Money</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Moneys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>moneie</ets>, OF. <ets>moneie</ets>, F. <ets>monnaie</ets>, fr. L. <ets>moneta</ets>. See <er>Mint</er> place where coin is made, <er>Mind</er>, and cf. <er>Moidore</er>, <er>Monetary</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of metal, as gold, silver, copper, etc., coined, or stamped, and issued by the sovereign authority as a medium of exchange in financial transactions between citizens and with government; also, any number of such pieces; coin.</def>

<blockquote>To prevent such abuses, ... it has been found necessary ... to affix a public stamp upon certain quantities of such particular metals, as were in those countries commonly made use of to purchase goods. Hence the origin of coined <b>money</b>, and of those public offices called mints.
<i>A. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any written or stamped promise, certificate, or order, as a government note, a bank note, a certificate of deposit, etc., which is payable in standard coined money and is lawfully current in lieu of it; in a comprehensive sense, any currency usually and lawfully employed in buying and selling.</def>

<note>&hand; Whatever, among barbarous nations, is used as a medium of effecting exchanges of property, and in the terms of which values are reckoned, as sheep, wampum, copper rings, quills of salt or of gold dust, shovel blades, etc., is, in common language, called their <i>money</i>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In general, wealth; property; <as>as, he has much <ex>money</ex> in land, or in stocks; to make, or lose, <ex>money</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The love of <b>money</b> is a root of all kinds of evil.
<i>1 Tim vi. 10 (Rev. Ver. ).</i></blockquote>

<-- 4. anything which serves as money, such as a checking account, a credit account, or a letter of credit. -->

<cs><col>Money bill</col> <fld>(Legislation)</fld>, <cd>a bill for raising revenue.</cd> -- <col>Money broker</col>, <cd>a broker who deals in different kinds of money; one who buys and sells bills of exchange; -- called also <altname>money changer</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Money cowrie</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of <spn>Cypr\'91a</spn> (esp. <spn>C. moneta</spn>) formerly much used as money by savage tribes. See <er>Cowrie</er>.</cd> -- <col>Money of account</col>, <cd>a denomination of value used in keeping accounts, for which there may, or may not, be an equivalent coin; <it>e.g.</it>, the mill is a <i>money of account<i> in the United States, but not a coin.</cd> -- <col>Money order</col>, <cd>an order for the payment of money; specifically, a government order for the payment of money, issued at one post office as payable at another; -- called also <altname>postal money order</altname><-- (b) a similar order issued by a bank -->.</cd> -- <col>Money scrivener</col>, <cd>a person who produces the loan of money to others.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>Money spider</col>, <col>Money spinner</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small spider; -- so called as being popularly supposed to indicate that the person upon whom it crawls will be fortunate in money matters.</cd> -- <col>Money's worth</col>, <cd>a fair or full equivalent for the money which is paid.</cd> -- <col>A piece of money</col>, <cd>a single coin.</cd> -- <col>Ready money</col>, <cd>money held ready for payment, or actually paid, at the time of a transaction; cash.</cd> -- <col>To make money</col>, <cd>to gain or acquire money or property; to make a profit in dealings.</cd></cs>
<-- Money supply; plastic money -->

<h1>Money</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To supply with money.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Moneyage</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ey*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>monnayage</ets> coinage.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tax paid to the first two Norman kings of England to prevent them from debashing the coin.</def>

<i>Hume.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mintage; coinage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Moneyed</h1>
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<hw>Mon"eyed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Supplied with money; having money; wealthy; <as>as, <ex>moneyey</ex> men</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Converted into money; coined.</def>

<blockquote>If exportation will not balance importation, away must your silver go again, whether <b>moneyed</b> or not <b>moneyed</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Consisting in, or composed of, money.</def>

<i>A. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Moneyer</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ey*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Money</er>; cf. OF. <ets>monoier</ets>, F. <ets>monnoayeur</ets>, L. <ets>monetarius</ets> a master of the mint. Cf. <er>Monetary</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person who deals in money; banker or broker.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An authorized coiner of money.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<cs><col>The Company of Moneyers</col>, <cd>the officials who formerly coined the money of Great Britain, and who claimed certain prescriptive rights and privileges.</cd></cs>

<h1>Moneyless</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ey*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of money; penniless; impecunious.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Money-maker</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ey-mak`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who coins or prints money; also, a counterfeiter of money.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who accumulates money or wealth; specifically, one who makes money-getting his governing motive.</def>

<h1>Money-making</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ey-mak`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of making money; the acquisition and accumulation of wealth.</def>

<blockquote>Obstinacy in <b>money-making</b>.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Money-making</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ey-mak`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Affording profitable returns; lucrative; <as>as, a <ex>money-making</ex> business</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sussessful in gaining money, and devoted to that aim; <as>as, a <ex>money-making</ex> man</as>.</def>

<h1>Moneywort</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ey*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A trailing plant (<spn>Lysimachia Nummularia</spn>), with rounded opposite leaves and solitary yellow flowers in their axils.</def>

<h1>Mongcorn</h1>
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<hw>Mong"corn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mangcorn</er>.</def>

<h1>Monger</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>mangere</ets>, fr. <ets>mangian</ets> to trade; akin to Icel. <ets>manga</ets> to trade, <ets>mangari</ets> a trader, OHG. <ets>mangari</ets>, <ets>mengari</ets>; cf. L. <ets>mango</ets> a dealer in slaves.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A trader; a dealer; -- now used chiefly in composition; <as>as, fish<ex>monger</ex>, iron<ex>monger</ex>, news<ex>monger</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small merchant vessel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Monger</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ger</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deal in; to make merchandise of; to traffic in; -- used chiefly of discreditable traffic.</def>

<h1>Mongol</h1>
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<hw>Mon"gol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Mongols.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Mongolia or the Mongols.</def></def2>

<h1>Mongolian</h1>
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<hw>Mon*go"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Mongolia or the Mongols.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Mongols.</def></def2>

<h1>Mongolic</h1>
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<hw>Mon*gol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Mongolian</er>.</def>

<h1>Mongoloid</h1>
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<hw>Mon"go*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mongol</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling a Mongol or the Mongols; having race characteristics, such as color, hair, and features, like those of the Mongols.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<--2. of, related to, or affected with, Down's syndrome[MW10].
  also n.  -->

<h1>Mongols, Mongolians</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon"gols</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mon*go"li*ans</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>One of the great races of man, including the greater part of the inhabitants of China, Japan, and the interior of Asia, with branches in Northern Europe and other parts of the world. By some American Indians are considered a branch of the Mongols. In a more restricted sense, the inhabitants of Mongolia and adjacent countries, including the Burats and the Kalmuks.</def>

<h1>Mongoose, Mongoos</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon"goose</hw>, <hw>Mon"goos</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of ichneumon (<spn>Herpestes griseus</spn>), native of India. Applied also to other allied species, as the African banded mongoose (<spn>Crossarchus fasciatus</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mungoose</asp>, <asp>mungoos</asp>, <asp>mungous</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mongrel</h1>
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<hw>Mon"grel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. shortened fr. <ets>mongrel</ets>, and akin to AS. <ets>mengan</ets> to mix, and E. <ets>mingle</ets>. See <er>Mingle</er>.]</ety> <def>The progeny resulting from a cross between two breeds, as of domestic animals; anything of mixed breed.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Mongrel</h1>
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<hw>Mon"grel</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Not of a pure breed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of mixed kinds; <as>as, <ex>mongrel</ex> language</as>.</def>

<h1>Mongrelize</h1>
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<hw>Mon"grel*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To cause to be mongrel; to cross breeds, so as to produce mongrels.</def>

<h1>'Mongst</h1>
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<hw>'Mongst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>See <er>Amongst</er>.</def>

<h1>Monied</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Moneyed</er>.</def>

<h1>Monifier</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nif"i*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>monile</ets> necklace + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil fish.</def>

<h1>Moniliform</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nil"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>monile</ets> necklace + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>moniliforme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Joined or constricted, at regular intervals, so as to resemble a string of beads; <as>as, a <ex>moniliform</ex> root; a <ex>moniliform</ex> antenna</as>.  See <ex>Illust</ex>. of <er>Antenna</er>.</def>

<h1>Moniment</h1>
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<hw>Mon"i*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>monimentum</ets>, <ets>monumentum</ets>. See <er>Monument</er>.]</ety> <def>Something to preserve memory; a reminder; a monument; hence, a mark; an image; a superscription; a record.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Monish</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>monesten</ets>. See <er>Admonish</er>, <er>Monition</er>.]</ety> <def>To admonish; to warn. See <er>Admonish</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<h1>Monisher</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who monishes; an admonisher.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Monishment</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Admonition.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<hr>
<page="939">
Page 939<p>

<h1>Monism</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ single.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>That doctrine which refers all phenomena to a single ultimate constituent or agent; -- the opposite of <i>dualism</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; The doctrine has been held in three generic forms: matter and its phenomena have been explained as a modification of mind, involving an idealistic <i>monism</i>; or mind has been explained by and resolved into matter, giving a materialistic <i>monism</i>; or, thirdly, matter, mind, and their phenomena have been held to be manifestations or modifications of some one substance, like the substance of Spinoza, or a supposed unknown something of some evolutionists, which is capable of an objective and subjective aspect.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Monogenesis</er>, 1.</def>

<h1>Monist</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A believer in monism.</def>

<h1>Monistic</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or involving, monism.</def>

<h1>Monition</h1>
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<hw>Mo*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>monitio</ets>, from <ets>monere</ets> to warn, bring to mind; akin to E. <ets>mind</ets>. See <er>Mind</er>, and cf. <er>Admonish</er>, <er>Money</er>, <er>Monster</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Instruction or advice given by way of caution; an admonition; a warning; a caution.</def>

<blockquote>Sage <b>monitions</b> from his friends.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Information; indication; notice; advice.</def>

<blockquote>We have no visible <b>monition</b> of ... other periods, such as we have of the day by successive light and darkness.
<i>Holder.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Admiralty Practice)</fld> <def>A process in the nature of a summons to appear and answer.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>An order monishing a party complained against to obey under pain of the law.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Monitive</h1>
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<hw>Mon"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Conveying admonition; admonitory.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Monitor</h1>
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<hw>Mon"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>monere</ets>. See <er>Monition</er>, and cf. <er>Mentor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who admonishes; one who warns of faults, informs of duty, or gives advice and instruction by way of reproof or caution.</def>

<blockquote>You need not be a <b>monitor</b> to the king.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, specifically, a pupil selected to look to the school in the absence of the instructor, to notice the absence or faults of the scholars, or to instruct a division or class.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any large Old World lizard of the genus <spn>Varanus</spn>; esp., the Egyptian species (<spn>V. Niloticus</spn>), which is useful because it devours the eggs and young of the crocodile. It is sometimes five or six feet long.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[So called from the name given by Captain Ericson, its designer, to the first ship of the kind.]</ety> <def>An ironclad war vessel, very low in the water, and having one or more heavily-armored revolving turrets, carrying heavy guns.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A tool holder, as for a lathe, shaped like a low turret, and capable of being revolved on a vertical pivot so as to bring successively the several tools in holds into proper position for cutting.</def>

<cs><col>Monitor top</col>, <cd>the raised central portion, or clearstory, of a car roof, having low windows along its sides.</cd></cs>

<h1>Monitorial</h1>
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<hw>Mon`i*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a monitor or monitors.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Done or performed by a monitor; <as>as, <ex>monitorial</ex> work</as>; conducted or taught by monitors; <as>as, a <ex>monitorial</ex> school; <ex>monitorial</ex> instruction.</as></def>

<h1>Monitorially</h1>
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<hw>Mon`i*to"ri*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a monitorial manner.</def>

<h1>Monitorship</h1>
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<hw>Mon"i*tor*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The post or office of a monitor.</def>

<h1>Monitory</h1>
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<hw>Mon"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>monitorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Giving admonition; instructing by way of caution; warning.</def>

<blockquote>Losses, miscarriages, and disappointments, are <b>monitory</b> and instructive.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Monitory</h1>
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<hw>Mon"i*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Admonition; warning; especially, a monition proceeding from an ecclesiastical court, but not addressed to any one person.</def>

<h1>Monitress, Monitrix</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon"i*tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mon"i*trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female monitor.</def>

<h1>Monk</h1>
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<hw>Monk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>munuc</ets>, <ets>munec</ets>, <ets>munc</ets>, L. <ets>monachus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ alone. Cf. <er>Monachism</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A man who retires from the ordinary temporal concerns of the world, and devotes himself to religion; one of a religious community of men inhabiting a monastery, and bound by vows to a life of chastity, obedience, and poverty.</def> "A <i>monk</i> out of his cloister."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote><b>Monks</b> in some respects agree with regulars, as in the substantial vows of religion; but in other respects <b>monks</b> and regulars differ; for that regulars, vows excepted, are not tied up to so strict a rule of life as <b>monks</b> are.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A blotch or spot of ink on a printed page, caused by the ink not being properly distributed. It is distinguished from a <i>friar</i>, or white spot caused by a deficiency of ink.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A piece of tinder made of agaric, used in firing the powder hose or train of a mine.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A South American monkey (<spn>Pithecia monachus</spn>); also applied to other species, as <spn>Cebus xanthocephalus</spn>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The European bullfinch.</def>

<cs><col>Monk bat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a South American and West Indian bat (<spn>Molossus nasutus</spn>); -- so called because the males live in communities by themselves.</cd> -- <col>Monk bird</col><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the friar bird.</cd> -- <col>Monk seal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of seal (<spn>Monachus albiventer</spn>) inhabiting the Black Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, and the adjacent parts of the Atlantic.</cd> -- <col>Monk's rhubarb</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of dock; -- also called <altname>patience</altname> (<spn>Rumex Patientia</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Monkery</h1>
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<hw>Monk"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Monkeries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The life of monks; monastic life; monastic usage or customs; -- now usually applied by way of reproach.</def>

<blockquote>Miters, and wretched dead medi\'91val <b>monkeries</b>.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collective body of monks.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Though he have a whole <b>monkery</b> to sing for him.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Monkey</h1>
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<hw>Mon"key</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Monkeys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. OIt. <ets>monicchio</ets>, It. <ets>monnino</ets>, dim. of <ets>monna</ets> an ape, also dame, mistress, contr. fr. <ets>madonna</ets>. See <er>Madonna</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In the most general sense, any one of the Quadrumana, including apes, baboons, and lemurs.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any species of Quadrumana, except the lemurs</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Any one of numerous species of Quadrumana (esp. such as have a long tail and prehensile feet) exclusive of apes and baboons.</def>

<note>&hand; The monkeys are often divided into three groups: (<stype>a</stype>) <stype>Catarrhines</stype>, or <spn>Simid\'91</spn>. These have an oblong head, with the oblique flat nostrils near together. Some have no tail, as the apes. All these are natives of the Old World. (<stype>b</stype>) <stype>Platyrhines</stype>, or <spn>Cebid\'91</spn>. These have a round head, with a broad nasal septum, so that the nostrils are wide apart and directed downward. The tail is often prehensile, and the thumb is short and not opposable. These are natives of the New World. (<stype>c</stype>) <stype>Strepsorhines</stype>, or <spn>Lemuroidea</spn>. These have a pointed head with curved nostrils. They are natives of Southern Asia, Africa, and Madagascar.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A term of disapproval, ridicule, or contempt, as for mischievous child.</def>

<blockquote>This is the <b>monkey's</b> own giving out; she is persuaded I will marry her.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The weight or hammer of a pile driver, that is, a very heavy mass of iron, which, being raised on high, falls on the head of the pile, and drives it into the earth; the falling weight of a drop hammer used in forging.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A small trading vessel of the sixteenth century.</def>

<cs><col>Monkey boat</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small boat used in docks</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A half-decked boat used on the River Thames.</cd> -- <col>Monkey block</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a small single block strapped with a swivel. <i>R. H. Dana, Jr.</i></cd> -- <col>Monkey flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Mimulus</spn>; -- so called from the appearance of its gaping corolla. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Monkey gaff</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a light gaff attached to the topmast for the better display of signals at sea.</cd> -- <col>Monkey jacket</col>, <cd>a short closely fitting jacket, worn by sailors.</cd> -- <col>Monkey rail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a second and lighter rail raised about six inches above the quarter rail of a ship.</cd> -- <col>Monkey shine</col>, <cd>monkey trick.</cd> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Monkey trick</col>, <cd>a mischievous prank. <i>Saintsbury</i>.</cd> -- <col>Monkey wheel</col>. <cd>See <cref>Gin block</cref>, under 5th <er>Gin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Monkey wrench</col>, <cd>a wrench or spanner having a movable jaw.</cd></cs>

<h1>Monkey</h1>
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<hw>Mon"key</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To act or treat as a monkey does; to ape; to act in a grotesque or meddlesome manner.</def>

<cs><col>To monkey with</col>, <cd>to handle in a meddlesome manner. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs><-- = monkey around with -->

<h1>Monkey-bread</h1>
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<hw>Mon"key-bread`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit of the <spn>Adansonia digitata</spn>; also, the tree. See <er>Adansonia</er>.</def>

<h1>Monkey-cup</h1>
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<hw>Mon"key-cup`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Nepenthes</er>.</def>

<h1>Monkey-pot</h1>
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<hw>Mon"key-pot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fruit of two South American trees (<spn>Lecythis Ollaria</spn>, and <spn>L. Zabucajo</spn>), which have for their fruit large, pot-shaped, woody capsules containing delicious nuts, and opening almost explosively by a circular lid at the top. Vases and pots are made of this capsule.</def>

<h1>Monkey's puzzle</h1>
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<hw>Mon"key's puz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A lofty coniferous Chilian tree (<spn>Araucaria imbricata</spn>), the branches of which are so crowded and intertwisted "as to puzzle a monkey to climb." The edible nuts are over an inch long, and are called <i>pi\'a4on</i> by the Chilians.</def>
<-- also, monkey puzzle -->

<h1>Monkeytail</h1>
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<hw>Mon"key*tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A short, round iron bar or lever used in naval gunnery.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Monkfish</h1>
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<hw>Monk"fish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The angel fish (<spn>Squatina</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The angler (<spn>Lophius</spn>).</def>

<h1>Monkflower</h1>
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<hw>Monk"flow`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name of certain curious orchids which bear three kinds of flowers formerly referred to three genera, but now ascertained to be sexually different forms of the same genus (<spn>Catasetum tridentatum</spn>, etc.).</def>

<h1>Monkhood</h1>
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<hw>Monk"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Monk</ets> + <ets>-hood</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The character or condition of a monk.</def>

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Monks, regarded collectively.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Monking</h1>
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<hw>Monk"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Monkish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Monkish</h1>
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<hw>Monk"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a monk, or pertaining to monks; monastic; <as>as, <ex>monkish</ex> manners; <ex>monkish</ex> dress; <ex>monkish</ex> solitude.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Monk"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Monkly</h1>
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<hw>Monk"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like, or suitable to, a monk.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Monkshood</h1>
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<hw>Monks"hood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Aconitum</spn>; aconite. See <er>Aconite</er>.</def>

<h1>Monk's seam</h1>
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<hw>Monk's" seam`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An extra middle seam made at the junction of two breadths of canvas, ordinarily joined by only two rows of stitches.</def>

<h1>Mono-, Mon-</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon"o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mon-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying <i>one</i>, <i>single</i>, <i>alone</i>; <as>as, <ex>mono</ex>carp, <ex>mono</ex>poly</as>; <fld>(Chem.)</fld> indicating that a compound contains <i>one atom</i>, <i>radical</i>, or <i>group</i> of that to the name of which it is united; <as>as, <ex>mon</ex>oxide, <ex>mono</ex>sulphide, <ex>mon</ex>atomic, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Mono</h1>
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<hw>Mo"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The black howler of Central America (<spn>Mycetes villosus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Monobasic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*ba"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>basic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Capable of being neutralized by a univalent base or basic radical; having but one acid hydrogen atom to be replaced; -- said of acids; <as>as, acetic, nitric, and hydrochloric acids are <ex>monobasic</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Monocarbonic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*car*bon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>carbonic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Containing one carboxyl group; <as>as, acetic acid is a <ex>monocarbonic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Monocardian</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*car"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ heart.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a single heart, as fishes and amphibians.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An animal having a single heart.</def></def2>

<h1>Monocarp</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*carp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A monocarpic plant.</def>

<h1>Monocarpellary</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*car"pel*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>carpellary</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Consisting of a single carpel, as the fruit of the pea, cherry, and almond.</def>

<h1>Monocarpic, Monocarpous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon`o*car"pic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mon`o*car"pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit: cf. F. <ets>monocarpe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing fruit but once, and dying after fructification, as beans, maize, mustard, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; Annual and biennual herbs are monocarpic, so also some plants of longer duration, as the century plant.</note>

<h1>Monocephalous</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a solitary head; -- said of unbranched composite plants.</def>

<h1>Monoceros</h1>
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<hw>Mo*noc"e*ros</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ alone, single + <?/ horn.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A one-horned creature; a unicorn; a sea monster with one horn.</def>

<blockquote>Mighty <b>monoceroses</b> with immeasured tails.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The Unicorn, a constellation situated to the east Orion.</def>

<h1>Monochlamydeous</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*chla*myd"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, cloak: cf. F. <ets>monochlamyd\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a single floral envelope, that is, a calyx without a corolla, or, possibly, in rare cases, a corolla without a calyx.</def>

<h1>Monochord</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*chord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>monochordon</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ with but one string; <?/ only, single + <?/ string: cf. F. <ets>monocorde</ets>. See <er>Chord</er>, and cf. <er>Mainchord</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An instrument for experimenting upon the mathematical relations of musical sounds. It consists of a single string stretched between two bridges, one or both of which are movable, and which stand upon a graduated rule for the purpose of readily changing and measuring the length of the part of the string between them.</def>

<h1>Monochromatic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*chro*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>monochromatique</ets>. See <er>Monochrome</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of one color, or presenting rays of light of one color only.</def>

<cs><col>Monochromatic lamp</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>,<cd>a lamp whose flame yields rays of some one homogenous light. It is of great importance in optical experiments.</cd></cs>

<h1>Monochrome</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*chrome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of one color; <?/ single + <?/ color: cf. F. <ets>monochrome</ets>.]</ety> <def>A painting or drawing in a single color; a picture made with a single color.</def>

<h1>Monochromic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*chro"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made, or done, with a single color; <as>as, a <ex>monochromic</ex> picture</as>.</def><-- = also, monochromatic, monochrome -->

<h1>Monochromy</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*chro`my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of painting or drawing in monochrome.</def>

<h1>Monochronic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*chron"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ time.]</ety> <def>Existing at the same time; contemporaneous.</def>

<h1>Monociliated</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*cil"i*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>ciliated</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having but one cilium.</def>

<h1>Monocle</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Monocular</er>.]</ety> <def>An eyeglass for one eye.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Monoclinal</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*cli"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Monoclinic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Having one oblique inclination; -- applied to strata that dip in only one direction from the axis of elevation.</def>

<h1>Monocline</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*cline</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A monoclinal fold.</def>

<h1>Monoclinic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*clin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to incline.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Having one oblique intersection; -- said of that system of crystallization in which the vertical axis is inclined to one, but at right angles to the other, lateral axis. See <er>Crystallization</er>.</def>

<h1>Monoclinous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*noc"li*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ couch, fr. <?/ to lie down: cf. F. <ets>monocline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Hermaphrodite, or having both stamens and pistils in every flower.</def>

<h1>Monocondyla</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*con"dy*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Mono-</er>, and <er>Condyle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of vertebrates, including the birds and reptiles, or those that have only one occipital condyle; the Sauropsida.</def>

<h1>Monocotyl</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*co*tyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any monocotyledonous plant.</def>

<h1>Monocotyle</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*co*tyle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>monocotyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Monocotyledonous.</def>

<h1>Monocotyledon</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*cot`y*le"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>cotyledon</ets>: cf. F. <ets>monocotyl\'82done</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant with only one cotyledon, or seed lobe.</def>

<note>&hand; The plural, <i>monocotyledons</i>, is used as the name of a large class of plants, and is generally understood to be equivalent to the term <i>endogens</i>.</note>

<h1>Monocotyledonous</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*cot`y*le"don*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>monocotyl\'82don\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having only one cotyledon, seed lobe, or seminal leaf.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<h1>Monocracy</h1>
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<hw>Mo*noc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>-cracy</ets>, as in <ets>democracy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Government by a single person; undivided rule.</def>

<i>Sydney Smith.</i>

<h1>Monocrat</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*crat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gr. <?/ ruling alone.]</ety> <def>One who governs alone.</def>

<h1>Monocrotic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*crot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or showing, monocrotism; <as>as, a <ex>monocrotic</ex> pulse; a pulse of the <ex>monocrotic</ex> type.</as></def>

<h1>Monocrotism</h1>
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<hw>Mo*noc"ro*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ alone + <?/ a beating.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>That condition of the pulse in which the pulse curve or sphygmogram shows but a single crest, the dicrotic elevation entirely disappearing.</def>

<h1>Monocular</h1>
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<hw>Mo*noc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>monoculus</ets>; Gr. <?/ single + L. <ets>oculus</ets> eye: cf. F. <ets>monoculaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having only one eye; with one eye only; <as>as, <ex>monocular</ex> vision</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Adapted to be used with only one eye at a time; <as>as, a <ex>monocular</ex> microscope</as>.</def>

<hr>
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Page 940<p>

<h1>Monocule</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Monocular</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small crustacean with one median eye.</def>

<h1>Monoculous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*noc"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Monocular.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Monocystic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*cys"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mono-</er>, and <er>Cyst</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a division (<spn>Monocystidea</spn>) of Gregarinida, in which the body consists of one sac.</def>

<h1>Monodactylous</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*dac"tyl*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ single + <?/ finger: cf. F. <ets>monodactyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having but one finger or claw.</def>

<h1>Monodelph, Monodelphian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon"o*delph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mon`o*del"phi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Monodelphia.</def>

<h1>Monodelphia</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*del"phi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ single + <?/ the womb.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The group that includes all ordinary or placental mammals; the Placentalia. See <er>Mammalia</er>.</def>

<h1>Monodelphic, Monodelphous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon`o*del"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mon`o*del"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Monodelphia.</def>

<h1>Monodic, Monodical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mo*nod"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mo*nod"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to a monody.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>For one voice; monophonic.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Homophonic; -- applied to music in which the melody is confined to one part, instead of being shared by all the parts as in the style called <i>polyphonic</i>.</def>

<h1>Monodimetric</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*di*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>dimetric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Dimetric.</def>

<h1>Monodist</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*dist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of a monody.</def>

<h1>Monodrama, Monodrame</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon"o*dra`ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mon"o*drame</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ drama.]</ety> <def>A drama acted, or intended to be acted, by a single person.</def>

<h1>Monodramatic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*dra*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a monodrama.</def>

<h1>Monody</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Monodies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>monodia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ singing alone; <?/ single + <?/ song: cf. F. <ets>monodie</ets>. See <er>Ode</er>.]</ety> <def>A species of poem of a mournful character, in which a single mourner expresses lamentation; a song for one voice.</def>

<h1>Monodynamic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*dy*nam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>dynamic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Possessing but one capacity or power.</def> "<i>Monodynamic</i> men."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Monodynamism</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*dy"na*mism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The theory that the various forms of activity in nature are manifestations of the same force.</def>

<i>G. H. Lewes.</i>

<h1>Mon\'d2cia</h1>
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<hw>Mo*n\'d2"ci*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ single + <?/ house.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an class of plants, whose stamens and pistils are in distinct flowers in the same plant.</def>

<h1>Mon\'d2cian</h1>
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<hw>Mo*n\'d2"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Mon\'d2cia; mon\'d2cious.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Mon\'d2cia.</def></def2>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mon\'d2cious animal, as certain mollusks.</def>

<h1>Mon\'d2cious</h1>
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<hw>Mo*n\'d2"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having the sexes united in one individual, as when male and female flowers grow upon the same individual plant; hermaphrodite; -- opposed to <ant>di\'d2cious</ant>.</def>

<h1>Mon\'d2cism</h1>
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<hw>Mo*n\'d2"cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The state or condition of being mon\'d2cious.</def>

<h1>Monogam</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*gam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the Monogamia.</def>

<h1>Monogamia</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*ga"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Monogamous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an order of plants, having solitary flowers with united anthers, as in the genus <spn>Lobelia</spn>.</def>

<h1>Monogamian, Monogamic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon`o*ga"mi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mon`o*gam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Monogamous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or involving, monogamy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Monogamia; having a simple flower with united anthers.</def>

<h1>Monogamist</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nog"a*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices or upholds monogamy.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Monogamous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nog"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>monogamus</ets> having but one wife, Gr. <?/; <?/ single + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Upholding, or practicing, monogamy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Monogamian</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Mating with but one of the opposite sex; -- said of birds and mammals.</def>

<h1>Monogamy</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nog"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>monogamia</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>monogamie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Single marriage; marriage with but one person, husband or wife, at the same time; -- opposed to <i>polygamy</i>. Also, one marriage only during life; -- opposed to <i>deuterogamy</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>State of being paired with a single mate.</def>

<h1>Monogastric</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*gas"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ belly.]</ety> <def>Having but a single stomach.</def>

<h1>Monogenesis</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Oneness of origin; esp. <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, development of all beings in the universe from a single cell; -- opposed to <i>polygenesis</i>. Called also <altname>monism</altname>.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>  <i>Haeckel.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That form of reproduction which requires but one parent, as in reproduction by fission or in the formation of buds, etc., which drop off and form new individuals; asexual reproduction.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The direct development of an embryo, without metamorphosis, into an organism similar to the parent organism; -- opposed to <i>metagenesis</i>.</def>

<i>E. van Beneden.</i>

<h1>Monogenetic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Monogenesis</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>One in genesis; resulting from one process of formation; -- used of a mountain range.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or involving, monogenesis; <as>as, the <ex>monogenetic</ex> school of physiologists, who admit but one cell as the source of all beings</as>.</def>

<h1>Monogenic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to monogenesis.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Producing only one kind of germs, or young; developing only in one way.</def>

<h1>Monogenism</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nog"e*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anthropol.)</fld> <def>The theory or doctrine that the human races have a common origin, or constitute a single species.</def>

<h1>Monogenist</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nog"e*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anthropol.)</fld> <def>One who maintains that the human races are all of one species; -- opposed to <i>polygenist</i>.</def>

<h1>Monogenistic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*ge*nis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Monogenic.</def>

<h1>Monogenous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to monogenesis; <as>as, <ex>monogenous</ex>, or asexual, reproduction</as>.</def>

<h1>Monogeny</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Monogenesis.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anthropol.)</fld> <def>The doctrine that the members of the human race have all a common origin.</def>

<h1>Monogoneutic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*go*neu"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ offspring.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having but one brood in a season.</def>

<h1>Monogram</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>monogramma</ets>; Gr. <?/ single + <?/ letter, fr. <?/ to write: cf. F. <ets>monogramme</ets>. See <er>Graphic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A character or cipher composed of two or more letters interwoven or combined so as to represent a name, or a part of it (usually the initials). Monograms are often used on seals, ornamental pins, rings, buttons, and by painters, engravers, etc., to distinguish their works.</def>

<illust>Monogram.</illust>

<note>&hand; The monogram above, combining the letters of the name <er>Karolvs</er>, was used by Charlemagne.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A picture in lines; a sketch.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An arbitrary sign for a word.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<-- monogram v. to inscribe or ornament with a monogram -->

<h1>Monogrammal</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*gram`mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Monogrammic</er>.</def>

<h1>Monogrammatic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*gram*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Monogrammic.</def>

<h1>Monogrammic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*gram"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a monogram.</def>

<h1>Monogrammous</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*gram`mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Monogrammic.</def>

<h1>Monograph</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A written account or description of a single thing, or class of things; a special treatise on a particular subject of limited range.</def>

<h1>Monographer</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of a monograph.</def>

<h1>Monographic, Monographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon`o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mon`o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>monographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a monograph, or to a monography; <as>as, a <ex>monographic</ex> writing; a <ex>monographic</ex> picture.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mon`o*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Monographist</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nog"ra*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who writes a monograph.</def>

<h1>Monographous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nog"ra*phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Monographic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Monography</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>monographie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Representation by lines without color; an outline drawing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A monograph.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Monogyn</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*gyn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the Monogynia.</def>

<h1>Monogynia</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*gyn"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ single + <?/ woman, female.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an order of plants, including those which have only one style or stigma.</def>

<h1>Monogynian</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*gyn"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Monogynia; monogynous.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Monogynia.</def></def2>

<h1>Monogynous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nog"y*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>monogyne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to Monogynia; having only one style or stigma.</def>

<h1>Monogyny</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nog"y*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Monogynia</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Marriage with the one woman only.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The state or condition of being monogynous.</def>

<h1>Monohemerous</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*hem"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ day.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Lasting but one day.</def>

<h1>Monoicous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*noi"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Mon\'d2cious.</def>

<h1>Monolatry</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ worship.]</ety> <def>Worship of a single deity.</def>

<h1>Monolith</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*lith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>monolithe</ets>, L. <ets>monolithus</ets> consisting of a single stone, Gr. <?/; <?/ single + <?/ stone.]</ety> <def>A single stone, especially one of large size, shaped into a pillar, statue, or monument.</def>

<h1>Monolithal</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*lith`al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Monolithic.</def>

<h1>Monolithic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*lith"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a monolith; consisting of a single stone.</def>

<h1>Monologist</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Monologue</er>.]</ety> <def>One who soliloquizes; esp., one who monopolizes conversation in company.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Monologue</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*logue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>monologue</ets>, Gr. <?/ speaking alone; <?/ alone, single, sole + <?/ speech, discourse, <?/ to speak. See <er>Legend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A speech uttered by a person alone; soliloquy; also, talk or discourse in company, in the strain of a soliloquy; <as>as, an account in <ex>monologue</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dramatic composition for a single performer.</def>

<h1>Monology</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>The habit of soliloquizing, or of monopolizing conversation.</def>

<blockquote>It was not by an insolent usurpation that Coleridge persisted in <b>monology</b> through his whole life.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Monomachia, Monomachy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon`o*ma"chi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mo*nom"a*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>monomachia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ fighting in single combat; <?/ single, alone + <?/ to fight.]</ety> <def>A duel; single combat.</def> "The duello or <i>monomachia</i>."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Monomachist</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nom"a*chist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fights in single combat; a duelist.</def>

<h1>Monomane</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*mane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A monomaniac.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Monomania</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>mania</ets>.]</ety> <def>Derangement of the mind in regard of a single subject only; also, such a concentration of interest upon one particular subject or train of ideas to show mental derangement.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Insanity; madness; alienation; aberration; derangement; mania. See <er>Insanity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Monomaniac</h1>
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<hw>Mon`oma"ni*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person affected by monomania.</def>

<h1>Monomaniac, Monomaniacal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon`oma"ni*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mon`oma"ni*a*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>monomaniaque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affected with monomania, or partial derangement of intellect; caused by, or resulting from, monomania; <as>as, a <ex>monomaniacal</ex> delusion</as>.</def>

<h1>Monome</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Gr. <?/ single + <ets>-nome</ets> as in <ets>binome</ets>. See <er>Binomial</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A monomial.</def>

<-- Monomer. (Chem.) The basic conceptual building unit of a polymer. -->
<-- Monomeric. (Chem.) Not linked with other units of the same kind, opposed to polymeric -->

<h1>Monomerous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nom"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ single; <?/ alone + <?/ part.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Composed of solitary parts, as a flower with one sepal, one petal, one stamen, and one pistil.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having but one joint; -- said of the foot of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Monometallic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*me*tal"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of one metal; of or pertaining to monometallism.</def>

<h1>Monometallism</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*met"al*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>metal</ets>.]</ety> <def>The legalized use of one metal only, as gold, or silver, in the standard currency of a country, or as a standard of money values. See <er>Bimetallism</er>.</def>

<h1>Monometallist</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*met"al*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes in monometallism as opposed to bimetallism, etc.</def>

<h1>Monometer</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of one meter; <?/ single + <?/ measure.]</ety> <def>A rhythmic series, consisting of a single meter.</def>

<h1>Monometric</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>monom\'82trique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Isometric</er>.</def>

<h1>Monomial</h1>
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<hw>Mo*no"mi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Monome</er>, <er>Binomial</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>A single algebraic expression; that is, an expression unconnected with any other by the sign of addition, substraction, equality, or inequality.</def>

<h1>Monomial</h1>
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<hw>Mo*no"mi*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>Consisting of but a single term or expression.</def>

<h1>Monomorphic, Monomorphous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon`o*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mon`o*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having but a single form; retaining the same form throughout the various stages of development; of the same or of an essentially similar type of structure; -- opposed to <i>dimorphic</i>, <i>trimorphic</i>, and <i>polymorphic</i>.</def>

<h1>Monomphalus</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nom"pha*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ alone + <?/ the navel.]</ety> <def>A form of double monster, in which two individuals are united by a common umbilicus.</def>

<h1>Monomya, Monomyaria</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mo*no"my*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mon`o*my*a"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ single + <?/, <?/, muscle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of lamellibranchs having but one muscle for closing the shell, as the oyster.</def>

<h1>Monomyarian, Monomyary</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon`o*my"a*ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mon`o*my"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Monomya.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Monomya.</def></def2>

<h1>Mononomial</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*no"mi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <def>Monomyal.</def>

<h1>Monoousian, Monoousious</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon`o*ou"si*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mon`o*ou"si*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ being, substance, essence.]</ety> <fld>(Theil.)</fld> <def>Having but one and the same nature or essence.</def>

<h1>Monopathy</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nop"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ alone + <?/, <?/, to suffer.]</ety> <def>Suffering or sensibility in a single organ or function.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mon`o*path"ic</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Monopersonal</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*per"son*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>personal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having but one person, or form of existence.</def>

<h1>Monopetalous</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>petal</ets>: cf. F. <ets>monop\'82tale</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having only one petal, or the corolla in one piece, or composed of petals cohering so as to form a tube or bowl; gamopetalous.</def>

<note>&hand; The most recent authors restrict this form to flowers having a solitary petal, as in species of <spn>Amorpha</spn>, and use <i>gamopetalous</i> for a corolla of several petals combined into one piece. See <i>Illust</i>. <i>of</i> <er>Gamopetalous</er>.</note>

<h1>Monophanous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*noph"a*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to show.]</ety> <def>Having one the same appearance; having a mutual resemblance.</def>

<h1>Monophonic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*phon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a voice.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Single-voiced; having but one part; <as>as, a <ex>monophonic</ex> composition</as>; -- opposed to <ant>polyphonic</ant>.</def>

<h1>Monophthong</h1>
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<hw>Mon"oph*thong</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ with one sound; <?/ alone + <?/ sound, voice.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A single uncompounded vowel sound.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A combination of two written vowels pronounced as one; a digraph.</def>

<h1>Monophthongal</h1>
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<hw>Mon`oph*thon"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, or pertaining to, a monophthong.</def>

<h1>Monophyletic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*phy*let"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of one tribe, fr. <?/ single + <?/ clan.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a single family or stock, or to development from a single common parent form; -- opposed to <i>polyphyletic</i>; <as>as, <ex>monophyletic</ex> origin</as>.</def>

<h1>Monophyllous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*noph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ alone + <?/ leaf: cf. F. <ets>monophylle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One-leaved; composed of a single leaf; <as>as, a <ex>monophyllous</ex> involucre or calyx</as>.</def>

<h1>Monophyodont</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*phy"o*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ single (<?/ alone + <?/ to produce) + <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having but one set of teeth; -- opposed to <i>diphyodont</i>.</def>

<h1>Monophysite</h1>
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<hw>Mo*noph"y*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ single + <?/ nature: cf. F. <ets>monophysite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect, in the ancient church, who maintained that the human and divine in Jesus Christ constituted but one composite nature. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Monophysitical</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*phy*sit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Monophysites, or their doctrines.</def>

<h1>Monoplast</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*plast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>-plast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A monoplastic element.</def>

<h1>Monoplastic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>-plastic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That has one form, or retains its primary form, <as>as, a <ex>monoplastic</ex> element</as>.</def>

<h1>Monoplegia</h1>
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<hw>Mon`ople"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ single + <?/ a stroke.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Paralysis affecting a single limb.</def>

<h1>Monopneumona</h1>
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<hw>Mon`op*neu"mo*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Mono-</er>, and <er>Pneumonia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of Dipnoi, including the Ceratodus.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>monopneumonia</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Monopode</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*pode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of a fabulous tribe or race of Ethiopians having but one leg and foot.</def>

<i>Sir J. Mandeville. Lowell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A monopodium.</def>

<h1>Monopodial</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*po"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a monopodium or a single and continuous axis, as a birchen twig or a cornstalk.</def>

<h1>Monopodium</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*po"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Monopodia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>-ums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Monopody</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A single and continuous vegetable axis; -- opposed to <i>sympodium</i>.</def>

<h1>Monopody</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nop"o*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, foot: cf. <?/, <?/, one-footed.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A measure of but a single foot.</def>

<h1>Monopoler</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nop"o*ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A monopolist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="941">
Page 941<p>

<h1>Monopolist</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nop"o*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who monopolizes; one who has a monopoly; one who favors monopoly.</def>

<h1>Monopolistic</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nop`o*lis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a monopolist.</def>

<i>North Am. Rev.</i>

<h1>Monopolite</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nop"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A monopolist.</def>

<i>Sylvester.</i>

<h1>Monopolize</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nop"o*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Monopolized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Monopolizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Monopoly</er>.]</ety> <def>To acquire a monopoly of; to have or get the exclusive privilege or means of dealing in, or the exclusive possession of; to engross the whole of; <as>as, to <ex>monopolize</ex> the coffee trade; to <ex>monopolize</ex> land.</as></def>

<h1>Monopolizer</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nop"o*li`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who monopolizes.</def>

<h1>Monopoly</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nop"o*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Monopolies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>monopolium</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ alone + <?/ to sell.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The exclusive power, or privilege of selling a commodity; the exclusive power, right, or privilege of dealing in some article, or of trading in some market; sole command of the traffic in anything, however obtained; <as>as, the proprietor of a patented article is given a <ex>monopoly</ex> of its sale for a limited time; chartered trading companies have sometimes had a <ex>monopoly</ex> of trade with remote regions; a combination of traders may get a <ex>monopoly</ex> of a particular product.</as></def>

<blockquote>Raleigh held a <b>monopoly</b> of cards, Essex a <b>monopoly</b> of sweet wines.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exclusive possession; <as>as, a <ex>monopoly</ex> of land</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If I had a <b>monopoly</b> out, they would have part on 't.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The commodity or other material thing to which the monopoly relates; <as>as, tobacco is a <ex>monopoly</ex> in France</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Monopolylogue</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*pol"y*logue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <grk>poly`s</grk> many + <grk>lo`gos</grk> speech.]</ety> <def>An exhibition in which an actor sustains many characters.</def>

<h1>Monopsychism</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*psy"chism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ soul.]</ety> <def>The doctrine that there is but one immortal soul or intellect with which all men are endowed.</def>

<h1>Monopteral</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nop"ter*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ with a row of pillars only; <?/ alone, only + <?/ feather, wing, also, a row of pillars: cf. F. <ets>monopt\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Round and without a cella; consisting of a single ring of columns supporting a roof; -- said esp. of a temple.</def>

<h1>Monopteron</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nop"ter*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Monoptera</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Monopteral</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A circular temple consisting of a roof supported on columns, without a cella.</def>

<h1>Monoptote</h1>
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<hw>Mon"op*tote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>monoptotum</ets>, Gr. <?/; <grk>mo`nos</grk> single + <?/ apt to fall, fallen, fr. <?/ to fall; cf. <?/ case.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A noun having only one case.</def>

<i>Andrews.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A noun having only one ending for the oblique cases.</def>

<h1>Monopyrenous</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*py*re"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>pyrene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having but a single stone or kernel.</def>

<h1>Monorganic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`or*gan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mon-</ets> + <ets>organic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol. & Med.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or affecting, a single organ, or set of organs.</def>

<h1>Monorhina</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*rhi"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ single + <?/, <?/, nose.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Marsipobranchiata.</def>

<h1>Monorhyme</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*rhyme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>rhyme</ets>: cf. F. <ets>monorime</ets>.]</ety> <def>A composition in verse, in which all the lines end with the same rhyme.</def>

<h1>Monosepalous</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*sep"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>sepal</ets>: cf. F. <ets>monos\'82pale</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having only one sepal, or the calyx in one piece or composed of the sepals united into one piece; gamosepalous.</def>

<note>&hand; The most recent writers restrict this term to flowers having a solarity sepal, and use <i>gamosepalous for a calyx formed by several sepals combined into one piece. Cf. <er>Monopetalous</er>.</note>

<h1>Monosperm</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*sperm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A monospermous plant.</def>

<h1>Monospermal, Monospermous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon`o*sper"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mon`o*sper"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ seed: cf. F. <ets>monosperme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having only one seed.</def>

<h1>Monospherical</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*spher"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>spherical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of one sphere only.</def>

<h1>Monostich</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*stich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, from <?/ consisting of one verse; <?/ single + <?/ line, verse.]</ety> <def>A composition consisting of one verse only.</def>

<h1>Monostichous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nos"ti*chous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Monostich</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Arranged in a single row on one side of an axis, as the flowers in grasses of the tribe <spn>Chlorid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Monostrophe</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nos"tro*phe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ monostrophic.]</ety> <def>A metrical composition consisting of a single strophe.</def>

<h1>Monostrophic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*stroph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ single + <?/ strophe.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Having one strophe only; not varied in measure; written in unvaried measure.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Monosulphide</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*sul"phide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>sulphide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A sulphide containing one atom of sulphur, and analogous to a monoxide; -- contrasted with a <ant>polysulphide</ant>; <as>as, galena is a <ex>monosulphide</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Monosulphuret</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*sul"phu*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>sulphuret</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Monosulphide</er>.</def>

<h1>Monosyllabic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*syl*lab"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>monosyllabique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Being a monosyllable, or composed of monosyllables; <as>as, a <ex>monosyllabic</ex> word; a <ex>monosyllabic</ex> language.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mon`o*syl*lab"ic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Monosyllabism</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*syl"la*bism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of consisting of monosyllables, or having a monosyllabic form; frequent occurrence of monosyllables.</def>

<h1>Monosyllable</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*syl`la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>monosyllabus</ets> of one syllable, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>monosyllabe</ets>. See <er>Mono-</er>, <er>Syllable</er>.]</ety> <def>A word of one syllable.</def>

<h1>Monosyllabled</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*syl`la*bled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed into, or consisting of, monosyllables.</def>

<i>Cleveland.</i>

<h1>Monosymmetric, Monosymmetrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon`o*sym*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mon`o*sym*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>symmetric</ets>, <ets>-ical</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Monoclinic</er>.</def>

<h1>Monotessaron</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*tes"sa*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ single + <?/ four.]</ety> <def>A single narrative framed from the statements of the four evangelists; a gospel harmony.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Monothalama</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*thal"a*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ single + <?/ a chamber.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Foraminifera including those that have only one chamber.</def>

<h1>Monothalaman</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*thal"a*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Monothalamous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A foraminifer having but one chamber.</def>

<h1>Monothalamous</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*thal"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ chamber: cf. F. <ets>monothalame</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One-chambered.</def>

<h1>Monothalmic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*thal"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Monothalamous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Formed from one pistil; -- said of fruits.</def>

<i>R. Brown.</i>

<h1>Monothecal</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*the"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Br. <?/ box.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a single loculament.</def>

<h1>Monotheism</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*the*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ god: cf. F. <ets>monoth\'82isme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine or belief that there is but one God.</def>

<h1>Monotheist</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*the*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>monoth\'82iste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who believes that there is but one God.</def>

<h1>Monotheistic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*the*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to monotheism.</def>

<h1>Monothelism, Monothelitism</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mo*noth"e*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mo*noth"e*li*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>monoth\'82lisme</ets>, <ets>monoth\'82litisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of the Monothelites.</def>

<h1>Monothelite</h1>
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<hw>Mo*noth"e*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ alone, only + <?/, <?/, to will, be willing: cf. F. <ets>monoth\'82lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of an ancient sect who held that Christ had but one will as he had but one nature. Cf. <er>Monophysite</er>.</def>

<i>Gibbon.</i>

<h1>Monothelitic</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*the*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Monothelites, or their doctrine.</def>

<h1>Monotocous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*not"o*cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ birth, offspring.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing fruit but once; monocarpic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Uniparous; laying a single egg.</def>

<h1>Monotomous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*not"o*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ cutting, fr. <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Having a distinct cleavage in a single direction only.</def>

<h1>Monotone</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Monotonous</er>, <er>Monotony</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A single unvaried tone or sound.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The utterance of successive syllables, words, or sentences, on one unvaried key or line of pitch.</def>

<h1>Monotonic, Monotonical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon`o*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mon`o*ton"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or uttered in, a monotone; monotonous.</def> "<i>Monotonical</i> declamation."

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Monotonist</h1>
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<hw>Mo*not"o*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who talks in the same strain or on the same subject until weariness is produced.</def>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<h1>Monotonous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*not"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ alone, single + <?/ tone. See <er>Tone</er>.]</ety> <def>Uttered in one unvarying tone; continued with dull uniformity; characterized by monotony; without change or variety; wearisome.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mo*not"o*nous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mo*not"o*nous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Monotony</h1>
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<hw>Mo*not"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>monotonie</ets>. See <er>Monotonius</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A frequent recurrence of the same tone or sound, producing a dull uniformity; absence of variety, as in speaking or singing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any irksome sameness, or want of variety.</def>

<blockquote>At sea, everything that breaks the <b>monotony</b> of the surrounding expanse attracts attention.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Monotremata</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*trem"a*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ single + <?/ hole.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A subclass of Mammalia, having a cloaca in which the ducts of the urinary, genital, and alimentary systems terminate, as in birds. The female lays eggs like a bird. See <cref>Duck mole</cref>, under <er>Duck</er>, and <er>Echidna</er>.</def>

<h1>Monotrematous</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*trem"a*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Monotremata.</def>

<h1>Monotreme</h1>
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<hw>Mon"o*treme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>monotr\'8ame</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Monotremata.</def>

<h1>Monotriglyph</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*tri"glyph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>triglyph</ets>: cf. F. <ets>monotriglyphe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A kind of intercolumniation in an entablature, in which only one triglyph and two metopes are introduced.</def>

<h1>Monotropa</h1>
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<hw>Mo*not"ro*pa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ single + <?/ turn, from <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of parasitic or saprophytic plants including the Indian pipe and pine sap. The name alludes to the dropping end of the stem.</def>

<h1>Monotype, Monotypic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon"o*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mon`o*typ"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + <ets>-type</ets>: cf. F. <ets>monotype</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having but one type; containing but one representative; <as>as, a <ex>monotypic</ex> genus, which contains but one species</as>.</def>

<h1>Monovalent</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nov"a*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mono-</ets> + L. <ets>valens</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Valence</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having a valence of one; univalent. See <er>Univalent</er>.</def>

<h1>Monoxide</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nox"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mon-</ets> + <ets>oxide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oxide containing one atom of oxygen in each molecule; <as>as, barium <ex>monoxide</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Monoxylon</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nox"y*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ made from one piece of wood; <?/ alone + <?/ wood.]</ety> <def>A canoe or boat made from one piece of timber.</def>

<h1>Monoxylous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*nox"y*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Monoxylon</er>.]</ety> <def>Made of one piece of wood.</def>

<h1>Monozoa</h1>
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<hw>Mon`o*zo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ single + <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Radiolaria; -- called also <altname>Monocyttaria</altname>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mon`o*zo"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Monroe doctrine</h1>
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<hw>Mon*roe" doc"trine</hw>. <def>See under <er>Doctrine</er>.</def>

<h1>Monseigneur</h1>
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<hw>Mon`sei`gneur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Messeigneurs</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F., fr. <ets>mon</ets> my + <ets>seigneur</ets> lord, L. <ets>senior</ets> older. See <er>Senior</er>, and cf. <er>Monsieur</er>.]</ety> <def>My lord; -- a title in France of a person of high birth or rank; <as>as, <ex>Monseigneur</ex> the Prince, or <ex>Monseigneur</ex> the Archibishop</as>. It was given, specifically, to the dauphin, before the Revolution of 1789. (Abbrev. <abbr>Mgr.</abbr>)</def>

<h1>Monsel's salt</h1>
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<hw>Mon"sel's salt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A basic sulphate of iron; -- so named from <i>Monsel</i>, a Frenchman.</def>

<h1>Monsel's solution</h1>
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<hw>Mon"sel's so*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Monsel's salt</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An aqueous solution of Monsel's salt, having valuable styptic properties.</def>

<h1>Monsieur</h1>
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<hw>Mon*sieur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Messieurs</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F., fr. <ets>mon</ets> my + <ets>Sieur</ets>, abbrev. of <ets>seigneur</ets> lord. See <er>Monseigneur</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The common title of civility in France in speaking to, or of, a man; Mr. or Sir.</def> <altsp>[Represented by the abbreviation <abbr>M.</abbr> or <abbr>Mons.</abbr> in the singular, and by <plw><abbr>MM.</asp><plw> or <plw><abbr>Messrs.</abbr><plw> in the plural.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The oldest brother of the king of France.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A Frenchman.</def> <mark>[Contemptuous]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Monsignore</h1>
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<hw>Mon`si*gno"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Monsignors</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It., my lord. Cf. <er>Monseigneur</er>.]</ety> <def>My lord; -- an ecclesiastical dignity bestowed by the pope, entitling the bearer to social and domestic rank at the papal court. (Abbrev. <abbr>Mgr.</abbr>)</def>

<h1>Monsoon</h1>
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<hw>Mon*soon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>m&umac;sim</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>mausim</ets> a time, season: cf. F. <ets>monson</ets>, <ets>mousson</ets>, Sr. <ets>monzon</ets>, Pg. <ets>mon\'87\'eeo</ets>, It. <ets>monsone</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wind blowing part of the year from one direction, alternating with a wind from the opposite direction; -- a term applied particularly to periodical winds of the Indian Ocean, which blow from the southwest from the latter part of May to the middle of September, and from the northeast from about the middle of October to the middle of December.</def>
<-- 2. a heavy rainfall in India associated with the southwest monsoon. 3. the season in which the monsoon[2] occurs -->

<h1>Monster</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>monstre</ets>, F. <ets>monstre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>monstrum</ets>, orig., a divine omen, indicating misfortune; akin of <ets>monstrare</ets> to show, point out, indicate, and <ets>monere</ets> to warn. See <er>Monition</er>, and cf. <er>Demonstrate</er>, <er>Muster</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something of unnatural size, shape, or quality; a prodigy; an enormity; a marvel.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>monster</b> or marvel.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically , an animal or plant departing greatly from the usual type, as by having too many limbs.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any thing or person of unnatural or excessive ugliness, deformity, wickedness, or cruelty.</def>

<h1>Monster</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ster</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Monstrous in size.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Monster</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ster</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make monstrous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Monstrance</h1>
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<hw>Mon"strance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>monstrantia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>monstrare</ets> to show: cf. OF. <ets>monstrance</ets>. See <er>Monster</er>.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A transparent pyx, in which the consecrated host is exposed to view.</def>

<h1>Monstration</h1>
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<hw>Mon*stra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>monstratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of demonstrating; proof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A certain <b>monstration</b>.
<i>Grafton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Monstrosity</h1>
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<hw>Mon*stros"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Monstrosities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>monstruosit\'82</ets>. See <er>Monstrous</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being monstrous, or out of the common order of nature; that which is monstrous; a monster.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>monstrosity</b> never changes the name or affects the immutability of a species.
<i>Adanson (Trans. ).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Monstrous</h1>
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<hw>Mon"strous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>monstruous</ets>, F. <ets>monstrueux</ets>, fr. L. <ets>monstruosus</ets>, fr. <ets>monstrum</ets>. See <er>Monster</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Marvelous; strange.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the qualities of a monster; deviating greatly from the natural form or character; abnormal; <as>as, a <ex>monstrous</ex> birth</as>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>He, therefore, that refuses to do good to them whom he is bound to love ... is unnatural and <b>monstrous</b> in his affections.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Extraordinary in a way to excite wonder, dislike, apprehension, etc.; -- said of size, appearance, color, sound, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>monstrous</ex> height; a <ex>monstrous</ex> ox; a <ex>monstrous</ex> story.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Extraordinary on account of ugliness, viciousness, or wickedness; hateful; horrible; dreadful.</def>

<blockquote>So bad a death argues a <b>monstrous</b> life.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Abounding in monsters.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Where thou, perhaps, under the whelming tide
Visitest the bottom of the <b>monstrous</b> world.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Monstrous</h1>
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<hw>Mon"strous</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Exceedingly; very; very much.</def> "A <i>monstrous</i> thick oil on the top."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>And will be <b>monstrous</b> witty on the poor.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Monstrously</h1>
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<hw>Mon"strous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a monstrous manner; unnaturally; extraordinarily; <as>as, <ex>monstrously</ex> wicked</as>.</def> "Who with his wife is <i>monstrously</i> in love."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Monstrousness</h1>
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<hw>Mon"strous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being monstrous, unusual, extraordinary.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Monstruosity</h1>
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<hw>Mon`stru*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Monstrosity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Monstruous</h1>
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<hw>Mon"stru*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Monstrous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mont</h1>
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<hw>Mont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Mount</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Mountain.</def>

<h1>Montaigne</h1>
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<hw>Mon"taigne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mountain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Montanic</h1>
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<hw>Mon*tan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>montanus</ets>, fr. <ets>mons</ets>, <ets>montis</ets>, mountain. See <er>Mount</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to mountains; consisting of mountains.</def>

<h1>Montanist</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ta*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of Mintanus, a Phrygian enthusiast of the second century, who claimed that the Holy Spirit, the Paraclete, dwelt in him, and employed him as an instrument for purifying and guiding men in the Christian life.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mon`ta*nis"tic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <wf>Mon`ta*nis"tic*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Montant</h1>
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<hw>Mon"tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.,prop., mounting, fr. <ets>monter</ets> to mount, fr. L. <ets>mons</ets>, <ets>montis</ets>, mountain. See <er>Mount</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fencing)</fld> <def>An upward thrust or blow.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An upright piece in any framework; a mullion or muntin; a stile. <mark>[R.]</mark> See <er>Stile</er>.</def>

<h1>Mont de pi\'82t\'82</h1>
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<hw>Mont" de pi`\'82`t\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>monte di piet\'85</ets> mount of piety.]</ety> <def>One of certain public pawnbroking establishments which originated in Italy in the 15th century, the object of which was to lend money at a low rate of interest to poor people in need; -- called also <altname>mount of piety</altname>. The institution has been adopted in other countries, as in Spain and France. See <er>Lombard-house</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="942">
Page 942<p>

<h1>Monte</h1>
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<hw>Mon"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., lit., mountain, hence, the stock of cards remaining after laying out a certain number, fr. L. <ets>mons</ets>, <ets>montis</ets>, mountain.]</ety> <def>A favorite gambling game among Spaniards, played with dice or cards.</def>

<h1>Monte-acid</h1>
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<hw>Monte`-ac"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>monter</ets> to raise + <ets>acide</ets> acid.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An acid elevator, as a tube through which acid is forced to some height in a sulphuric acid manufactory.</def>

<h1>Monteith</h1>
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<hw>Mon*teith"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Monteth</er>.</def>

<h1>Montem</h1>
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<hw>Mon"tem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ad montem</ets> to the hillock. See <er>Mount</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A custom, formerly practiced by the scholars at Eton school, England, of giing every third year, on Whittuesday, to a hillock near the Bath road, and exacting money from all passers-by, to support at the university the senior scholar of the school.</def>

<h1>Montero</h1>
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<hw>Mon*te"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>montera</ets> a hunting cap, fr. <ets>montero</ets> a huntsman, <ets>monte</ets> a mountain, forest, L. <ets>mons</ets>, <ets>montis</ets>, mountain. See <er>Mount</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>An ancient kind of cap worn by horsemen or huntsmen.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Monteth, Monteith</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mon*teth"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mon*teith"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A vessel in which glasses are washed; -- so called from the name of the inventor.</def>

<blockquote>New things produce new words, and thus <b>Monteth</b>
Has by one vessel saved his name from death.
<i>King.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Montgolfier</h1>
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<hw>Mont`gol"fier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A balloon which ascends by the buoyancy of air heated by a fire; a fire balloon; -- so called from two brothers, Stephen and Joseph <i>Montgolfier</i>, of France, who first constructed and sent up a fire balloon.</def>

<h1>Month</h1>
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<hw>Month</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>month</ets>, <ets>moneth</ets>, AS. <ets>m\'d3n<?/</ets>, <ets>m\'d3na<?/</ets>; akin to <ets>m\'d3na</ets> moon, and to D. <ets>maand</ets> month, G. <ets>monat</ets>, OHG. <ets>m\'ben\'d3d</ets>, Icel. <ets>m\'benu<?/r</ets>, <ets>m\'bena<?/r</ets>, Goth. <ets>m\'c7n\'d3<?/s</ets>. \'fb272. See <er>Moon</er>.]</ety> <def>One of the twelve portions into which the year is divided; the twelfth part of a year, corresponding nearly to the length of a synodic revolution of the moon, -- whence the name. In popular use, a period of four weeks is often called a <i>month</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; In the common law, a <i>month</i> is a lunar month, or twenty-eight days, unless otherwise expressed. <i>Blackstone</i>. In the United States the rule of the common law is generally cahanged, and a <i>month</i> is declared to mean a calendar month. <i>Cooley's Blackstone</i>.</note>

<cs><col>A month mind</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A strong or abnormal desire</cd>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A celebration made in remembrance of a deceased person a month after death. <i>Strype</i>.</cd> -- <col>Calendar months</col>, <cd>the months as adjusted in the common or Gregorian calendar; April, June, September, and November, containing 30 days, and the rest 31, except February, which, in common years, has 28, and in leap years 29.</cd> -- <col>Lunar month</col>, <cd>the period of one revolution of the moon, particularly a synodical revolution; but several kinds are distinguished, as the <stype>synodical month</stype>, or period from one new moon to the next, in mean length 29 d. 12 h. 44 m. 2.87 s.; the <stype>nodical month</stype>, or time of revolution from one node to the same again, in length 27 d. 5 h. 5 m. 36 s.; the <stype>sidereal</stype>, or time of revolution from a star to the same again, equal to 27 d. 7 h. 43 m. 11.5 s.; the <stype>anomalistic</stype>, or time of revolution from perigee to perigee again, in length 27 d. 13 h. 18 m. 37.4 s.; and the <stype>tropical</stype>, or time of passing from any point of the ecliptic to the same again, equal to 27 d. 7 h. 43 m. 4.7 s.</cd> -- <col>Solar month</col>, <cd>the time in which the sun passes through one sign of the zodiac, in mean length 30 d. 10 h. 29 m. 4.1 s.</cd></cs>

<h1>Monthling</h1>
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<hw>Month"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is a month old, or which lives for a month.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<h1>Monthly</h1>
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<hw>Month"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Continued a month, or a performed in a month; <as>as, the <ex>monthly</ex> revolution of the moon</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Done, happening, payable, published, etc., once a month, or every month; <as>as, a <ex>monthly</ex> visit; <ex>monthly</ex> charges; a <ex>monthly</ex> installment; a <ex>monthly</ex> magazine.</as></def>

<cs><col>Monthly nurse</col>, <cd>a nurse who serves for a month or some short time, esp. one which attends women after childbirth.</cd></cs>

<h1>Monthly</h1>
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<hw>Month"ly</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Monthlies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A publication which appears regularly once a month.</def>

<h1>Monthly</h1>
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<hw>Month"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Once a month; in every month; <as>as, the moon changes <ex>monthly</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>As if under the influence of the moon; in the manner of a lunatic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Middleton.</i>

<h1>Monticle</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ti*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>monticulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>mons</ets>, <ets>montis</ets>, mountain: cf. F. <ets>monticule</ets>. See <er>Mount</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A little mount; a hillock; a small elevation or prominence.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>monticule</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Monticulate</h1>
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<hw>Mon*tic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with monticles or little elevations.</def>

<h1>Monticule</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ti*cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Monticle</er>.</def>

<h1>Monticulous</h1>
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<hw>Mon*tic"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Monticulate.</def>

<h1>Montiform</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ti*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mons</ets>, <ets>montis</ets>, mountain + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling a mountain in form.</def>

<h1>Montigenous</h1>
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<hw>Mon*tig"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>montigena</ets>; <ets>mons</ets>, <ets>montis</ets>, mountain + the root of <ets>gignere</ets> to beget.]</ety> <def>Produced on a mountain.</def>

<h1>Montoir</h1>
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<hw>Mon`toir"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>monter</ets> to mount. See <er>Montant</er>.]</ety> <def>A stone used in mounting a horse; a horse block.</def>

<h1>Monton</h1>
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<hw>Mon"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A heap of ore; a mass undergoing the process of amalgamation.</def>

<h1>Montross</h1>
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<hw>Mon*tross"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Matross</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Montrue</h1>
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<hw>Mon"true</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>monter</ets> to mount. See <er>Montoir</er>.]</ety> <def>That on which anything is mounted; a setting; hence, a saddle horse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Monument</h1>
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<hw>Mon"u*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>monumentum</ets>, fr. <ets>monere</ets> to remind, admonish. See <er>Monition</er>, and cf. <er>Moniment</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something which stands, or remains, to keep in remembrance what is past; a memorial.</def>

<blockquote>Of ancient British art
A pleasing <b>monument</b>.
<i>Philips.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our bruised arms hung up for <b>monuments</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A building, pillar, stone, or the like, erected to preserve the remembrance of a person, event, action, etc.; <as>as, the Washington <ex>monument</ex>; the Bunker Hill <ex>monument</ex></as>. Also, a tomb, with memorial inscriptions.</def>

<blockquote>On your family's old <b>monument</b>
Hang mournful epitaphs, and do all rites
That appertain unto a burial.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A stone or other permanent object, serving to indicate a limit or to mark a boundary.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A saying, deed, or example, worthy of record.</def>

<blockquote>Acts and <b>Monuments</b> of these latter and perilous days.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Memorial; remembrance; tomb; cenotaph.</syn>

<h1>Monumental</h1>
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<hw>Mon`u*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>monumentalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>monumental</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of, pertaining to, or suitable for, a monument; <as>as, a <ex>monumental</ex> inscription</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Serving as a monument; memorial; preserving memory.</def> "Of pine, or <i>monumental</i> oak."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>A work outlasting <b>monumental</b> brass.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Monumentally</h1>
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<hw>Mon`u*men"tal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>By way of memorial.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By means of monuments.</def>

<h1>Monureid</h1>
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<hw>Mon*u"re*id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mon-</ets> + <ets>ureid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a series of complex nitrogenous substances regarded as derived from one molecule of urea; <as>as, alloxan is a <ex>monureid</ex></as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>monureide</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Moo</h1>
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<hw>Moo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <tt>adv., & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mo</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Moo</h1>
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<hw>Moo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mooed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mooing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of imitative origin.]</ety> <def>To make the noise of a cow; to low; -- child's word.</def>

<h1>Moo</h1>
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<hw>Moo</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The lowing of a cow.</def>

<h1>Mood</h1>
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<hw>Mood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The same word as <ets>mode</ets>, perh. influenced by <ets>mood</ets> temper. See <er>Mode</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Manner; style; mode; logical form; musical style; manner of action or being. See <er>Mode</er> which is the preferable form).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Manner of conceiving and expressing action or being, as positive, possible, hypothetical, etc., without regard to other accidents, such as time, person, number, etc.; <as>as, the indicative <ex>mood</ex>; the infinitive <ex>mood</ex>; the subjunctive <ex>mood</ex>. Same as <er>Mode</er>.</as></def>

<h1>Mood</h1>
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<hw>Mood</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mood</ets>, <ets>mod</ets>, AS. <ets>m\'d3d</ets>mind, feeling, heart, courage; akin to OS. & OFries. <ets>m\'d3d</ets>, D. <ets>moed</ets>, OHG. <ets>muot</ets>, G. <ets>muth</ets>, <ets>mut</ets>, courage, Dan. & Sw. <ets>mod</ets>, Icel. <ets>m\'d3<?/r</ets> wrath, Goth. <ets>m\'d3ds</ets>.]</ety> <def>Temper of mind; temporary state of the mind in regard to passion or feeling; humor; <as>as, a melancholy <ex>mood</ex>; a suppliant <ex>mood</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Till at the last aslaked was <b>mood</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fortune is merry,
And in this <b>mood</b> will give us anything.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The desperate recklessness of her <b>mood</b>.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mooder</h1>
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<hw>Moo"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mother.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Moodily</h1>
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<hw>Mood"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a moody manner.</def>

<h1>Moodiness</h1>
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<hw>Mood"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being moody; specifically, liability to strange or violent moods.</def>

<h1>Moodir</h1>
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<hw>Moo"dir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>mud\'c6r</ets>.]</ety> <def>The governor of a province in Egypt, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mudir</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Moodish</h1>
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<hw>Mood"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Moody.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Moodishly</h1>
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<hw>Mood"ish*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Moodily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Moody</h1>
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<hw>Mood"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Moodier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Moodiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>m\'d3dig</ets> courageous.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Subject to varying moods, especially to states of mind which are unamiable or depressed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Out of humor; peevish; angry; fretful; also, abstracted and pensive; sad; gloomy; melancholy.</def> "Every peevish, <i>moody</i> malcontent."

<i>Rowe.</i>

<blockquote>Arouse thee from thy <b>moody</b> dream!
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Gloomy; pensive; sad; fretful; capricious.</syn>

<h1>Moolah, Moollah</h1>
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<hw><hw>Moo"lah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mool"lah</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mollah</er>.</def>

<h1>Moolley</h1>
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<hw>Mool"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Mulley</er>.</def>

<h1>Moon</h1>
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<hw>Moon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mone</ets>, AS. <ets>m\'d3na</ets>; akin to D. <ets>maan</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>m\'beno</ets>, G. <ets>mond</ets>, Icel. <ets>m\'beni</ets>, Dan. <ets>maane</ets>, Sw. <ets>m\'86ne</ets>, Goth. <ets>m\'c7na</ets>, Lith. <ets>men<?/</ets>, L. <ets>mensis</ets> month, Gr. <?/ moon, <?/ month, Skr. <ets>m\'bes</ets> moon, month; prob. from a root meaning to measure (cf. Skr. <ets>m\'be</ets> to measure), from its serving to measure the time. \'fb271. Cf. <er>Mete</er> to measure, <er>Menses</er>, <er>Monday</er>, <er>Month</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The celestial orb which revolves round the earth; the satellite of the earth; a secondary planet, whose light, borrowed from the sun, is reflected to the earth, and serves to dispel the darkness of night. The diameter of the moon is 2,160 miles, its mean distance from the earth is 240,000 miles, and its mass is one eightieth that of the earth. See <cref>Lunar month</cref>, under <er>Month</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The crescent <b>moon</b>, the diadem of night.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A secondary planet, or satellite, revolving about any member of the solar system; <as>as, the <ex>moons</ex> of Jupiter or Saturn</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The time occupied by the moon in making one revolution in her orbit; a month.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A crescentlike outwork. See <er>Half-moon</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Moon blindness</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <cd>A kind of ophthalmia liable to recur at intervals of three or four weeks</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>Hemeralopia.</cd> -- <col>Moon dial</col>, <cd>a dial used to indicate time by moonlight.</cd> -- <col>Moon face</col>, <cd>a round face like a full moon.</cd> -- <col>Moon madness</col>, <cd>lunacy.</cd> <mark>[Poetic]</mark> -- <col>Moon month</col>, <cd>a lunar month.</cd> -- <col>Moon trefoil</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a shrubby species of medic (<spn>Medicago arborea</spn>). See <er>Medic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Moon year</col>, <cd>a lunar year, consisting of lunar months, being sometimes twelve and sometimes thirteen.</cd></cs>

<h1>Moon</h1>
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<hw>Moon</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mooned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mooning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To expose to the rays of the moon.</def>

<blockquote>If they have it to be exceeding white indeed, they seethe it yet once more, after it hath been thus sunned and <b>mooned</b>.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moon</h1>
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<hw>Moon</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act if moonstruck; to wander or gaze about in an abstracted manner.</def>

<blockquote>Elsley was <b>mooning</b> down the river by himself.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moonbeam</h1>
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<hw>Moon"beam`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A ray of light from the moon.</def>

<h1>Moonblind</h1>
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<hw>Moon"blind`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dim-sighted; purblind.</def>

<h1>Moonblink</h1>
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<hw>Moon"blink`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A temporary blindness, or impairment of sight, said to be caused by sleeping in the moonlight; -- sometimes called <i>nyctalopia</i>.</def>

<h1>Mooncalf</h1>
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<hw>Moon"calf`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A monster; a false conception; a mass of fleshy matter, generated in the uterus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dolt; a stupid fellow.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Moon-culminating</h1>
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<hw>Moon"-cul"mi*na`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Culminating, or coming to the meredian, at or about the same time with the moon; -- said of a star or stars, esp. of certain stars selected beforehand, and named in an ephemeris (as the Nautical Almanac), as suitable to be observed in connection with the moon at culmination, for determining terrestrial longitude.</def>

<h1>Mooned</h1>
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<hw>Mooned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or resembling the moon; symbolized by the moon.</def> "Sharpening in <i>mooned</i> horns." "<i>Mooned</i> Ashtaroth."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Mooner</h1>
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<hw>Moon"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abstractedly wanders or gazes about, as if moonstruck.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Moonery</h1>
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<hw>Moon"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Conduct of one who moons.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Moonet</h1>
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<hw>Moon"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little moon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Moon-eye</h1>
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<hw>Moon"-eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A eye affected by the moon; also, a disease in the eye of a horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any species of American fresh-water fishes of the genus <spn>Hyodon</spn>, esp. <spn>H. tergisus</spn> of the Great Lakes and adjacent waters.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cisco.</def>

<h1>Moon-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Moon"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having eyes affected by the moon; moonblind; dim-eyed; purblind.</def>

<h1>Moon-faced</h1>
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<hw>Moon"-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a round, full face.</def>

<h1>Moonfish</h1>
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<hw>Moon"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An American marine fish (<spn>Vomer setipennis</spn>); -- called also <altname>bluntnosed shiner</altname>, <altname>horsefish</altname>, and <altname>sunfish</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A broad, thin, silvery marine fish (<spn>Selene vomer</spn>); -- called also <altname>lookdown</altname>, and <altname>silver moonfish</altname>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The mola. See <er>Sunfish</er>, 1.</def>

<h1>Moonflower</h1>
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<hw>Moon"flow`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The oxeye daisy; -- called also <altname>moon daisy</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A kind of morning glory (<spn>Ipom\'d2a Bona-nox</spn>) with large white flowers opening at night.</def>

<h1>Moong</h1>
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<hw>Moong</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Mung</er>.</def>

<h1>Moonglade</h1>
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<hw>Moon"glade`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The bright reflection of the moon's light on an expanse of water.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<h1>Moonie</h1>
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<hw>Moo"nie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European goldcrest.</def>

<-- (inf. & derog) a follower of the Korean religious cult leader Sun Myung Moon -->

<h1>Moonish</h1>
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<hw>Moon"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like the moon; variable.</def>

<blockquote>Being but a <b>moonish</b> youth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moonless</h1>
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<hw>Moon"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being without a moon or moonlight.</def>

<h1>Moonlight</h1>
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<hw>Moon`light`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The light of the moon.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Occurring during or by moonlight; characterized by moonlight.</def></def2>

<h1>Moonling</h1>
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<hw>Moon"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A simpleton; a lunatic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Moonlit</h1>
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<hw>Moon"lit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Illumined by the moon.</def> "The <i>moonlit</i> sea." <i>Moore</i>. "<i>Moonlit</i> dells." <i>Lowell</i>.

<h1>Moonraker</h1>
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<hw>Moon"rak`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Moonsail</er>.</def>

<h1>Moonrise</h1>
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<hw>Moon"rise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The rising of the moon above the horizon; also, the time of its rising.</def>

<h1>Moonsail</h1>
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<hw>Moon"sail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A sail sometimes carried in light winds, above a skysail.</def>

<i>R. H. Dana, Jr.</i>

<h1>Moonseed</h1>
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<hw>Moon"seed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A climbing plant of the genus <spn>Menispermum</spn>; -- so called from the crescentlike form of the seeds.</def>

<h1>Moonset</h1>
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<hw>Moon"set`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The descent of the moon below the horizon; also, the time when the moon sets.</def>

<h1>Moonshee</h1>
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<hw>Moon"shee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>munish\'c6</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>munish\'c6</ets> a writer, author, secretary, tutor.]</ety> <def>A Mohammedan professor or teacher of language.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Moonshine</h1>
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<hw>Moon"shine`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The light of the moon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, show without substance or reality.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A month.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A preparation of eggs for food.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Moonshine</h1>
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<hw>Moon"shine`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Moonlight.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<h1>Moonshiner</h1>
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<hw>Moon"shin`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person engaged in illicit distilling; -- so called because the work is largely done at night.</def> <mark>[Cant, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Moonshiny</h1>
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<hw>Moon"shin`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Moonlight.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>I went to see them in a <b>moonshiny</b> night.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moonstone</h1>
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<hw>Moon"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A nearly pellucid variety of feldspar, showing pearly or opaline reflections from within. It is used as a gem. The best specimens come from Ceylon.</def>

<h1>Moonsticken</h1>
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<hw>Moon"stick`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Moonstruck</er>.</def>

<h1>Moonstruck</h1>
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<hw>Moon"struck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mentally affected or deranged by the supposed influence of the moon; lunatic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Produced by the supposed influence of the moon.</def> "<i>Moonstruck</i> madness."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Made sick by the supposed influence of the moon, as a human being; made unsuitable for food, as fishes, by such supposed influence.</def>

<h1>Moonwort</h1>
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<hw>Moon"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The herb lunary or honesty. See <er>Honesty</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any fern of the genus <spn>Botrychium</spn>, esp. <spn>B. Lunaria</spn>; -- so named from the crescent-shaped segments of its frond.</def>

<h1>Moony</h1>
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<hw>Moon"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the moon.</def>

<blockquote>Soft and pale as the <b>moony</b> beam.
<i>J. R. Drake.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Furnished with a moon; bearing a crescent.</def>

<blockquote>But soon the miscreant <b>moony</b> host
Before the victor cross shall fly.
<i>Fenton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Silly; weakly sentimental.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Moor</h1>
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<hw>Moor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>More</ets>, <ets>Maure</ets>, L. <ets>Maurus</ets> a Moor, a Mauritanian, an inhabitant of Mauritania, Gr. <?/; cf. <?/ black, dark. Cf. <er>Morris</er> a dance, <er>Morocco</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of a mixed race inhabiting Morocco, Algeria, Tunis, and Tripoli, chiefly along the coast and in towns.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Hist.)</fld> <def>Any individual of the swarthy races of Africa or Asia which have adopted the Mohammedan religion.</def> "In Spanish history the terms <i>Moors</i>, Saracens, and Arabs are synonymous."

<i>Internat. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Moor</h1>
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<hw>Moor</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mor</ets>, AS. <ets>m\'d3r</ets> moor, morass; akin to D. <ets>moer</ets> moor, G. <ets>moor</ets>, and prob. to Goth. <ets>marei</ets> sea, E. <ets>mere</ets>. See <er>Mere</er> a lake.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An extensive waste covered with patches of heath, and having a poor, light soil, but sometimes marshy, and abounding in peat; a heath.</def>

<blockquote>In her girlish age she kept sheep on the <b>moor</b>.
<i>Carew.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A game preserve consisting of moorland.</def>

<cs><col>Moor buzzard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the marsh harrier.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Moor coal</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a friable variety of lignite.</cd> -- <col>Moor cock</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the male of the moor fowl or red grouse of Europe.</cd> -- <col>Moor coot</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Gallinule</er>.</cd> -- <col>Moor fowl</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The European ptarmigan, or red grouse (<spn>Lagopus Scoticus</spn>)</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The European heath grouse</cd>. See under <er>Heath</er>.</cd> -- <col>Moor game</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <altname>Moor fowl</altname> (above).</cd> -- <col>Moor grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tufted perennial grass (<spn>Sesleria c\'91rulea</spn>), found in mountain pastures of Europe.</cd> -- <col>Moor hawk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the marsh harrier.</cd> -- <col>Moor hen</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The female of the moor fowl</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A gallinule, esp. the European species. See <er>Gallinule</er>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>An Australian rail (<spn>Tribonyx ventralis</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Moor monkey</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the black macaque of Borneo (<spn>Macacus maurus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Moor titling</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European stonechat (<spn>Pratinocola rubicola</spn>).</cd></cs>

<hr>
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<h1>Moor</h1>
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<hw>Moor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Moored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mooring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. fr. D. <ets>marren</ets> to tie, fasten, or moor a ship. See <er>Mar</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To fix or secure, as a vessel, in a particular place by casting anchor, or by fastening with cables or chains; <as>as, the vessel was <ex>moored</ex> in the stream; they <ex>moored</ex> the boat to the wharf.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To secure, or fix firmly.</def>

<i>Brougham.</i>

<h1>Moor</h1>
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<hw>Moor</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To cast anchor; to become fast.</def>

<blockquote>On oozy ground his galleys <b>moor</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moorage</h1>
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<hw>Moor"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place for mooring.</def>

<h1>Moorball</h1>
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<hw>Moor"ball`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fresh-water alga (<spn>Cladophora \'92gagropila</spn>) which forms a globular mass.</def>

<h1>Moorband</h1>
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<hw>Moor"band`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Moorpan</er>.</def>

<h1>Mooress</h1>
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<hw>Moor"ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female Moor; a Moorish woman.</def>

<h1>Mooring</h1>
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<hw>Moor"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of confining a ship to a particular place, by means of anchors or fastenings.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which serves to confine a ship to a place, as anchors, cables, bridles, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The place or condition of a ship thus confined.</def>

<blockquote>And the tossed bark in <b>moorings</b> swings.
<i>Moore.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Mooring block</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a heavy block of cast iron sometimes used as an anchor for mooring vessels.</cd></cs>

<h1>Moorish</h1>
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<hw>Moor"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 2d <er>Moor</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the characteristics of a moor or heath.</def> "<i>Moorish</i> fens."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Moorish</h1>
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<hw>Moor"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Moor</er>, and cf. <er>Morris</er>, <er>Moresque</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Morocco or the Moors; in the style of the Moors.</def>

<cs><col>Moorish architecture</col>, <cd>the style developed by the Moors in the later Middle Ages, esp. in Spain, in which the arch had the form of a horseshoe, and the ornamentation admitted no representation of animal life. It has many points of resemblance to the Arabian and Persian styles, but should be distinguished from them. See <i>Illust<i>. under <er>Moresque</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Moorland</h1>
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<hw>Moor"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m\'d3rland</ets>.]</ety> <def>Land consisting of a moor or moors.</def>

<h1>Moorpan</h1>
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<hw>Moor"pan`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>Hard pan</ets>, under <er>Hard</er>.]</ety> <def>A clayey layer or pan underlying some moors, etc.</def>

<h1>Moorstone</h1>
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<hw>Moor"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A species of English granite, used as a building stone.</def>

<h1>Mooruk</h1>
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<hw>Moo"ruk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of cassowary (<spn>Casuarius Bennetti</spn>) found in New Britain, and noted for its agility in running and leaping. It is smaller and has stouter legs than the common cassowary. Its crest is biloted; the neck and breast are black; the back, rufous mixed with black; and the naked skin of the neck, blue.</def>

<h1>Moory</h1>
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<hw>Moor"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to moors; marshy; fenny; boggy; moorish.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<blockquote>As when thick mists arise from <b>moory</b> vales.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moory</h1>
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<hw>Moor"y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of blue cloth made in India.</def>

<i>Balfour (Cyc of India).</i>

<h1>Moose</h1>
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<hw>Moose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A native name; Knisteneaux <ets>mouswah</ets>; Algonquin <ets>monse</ets>. <ets>Mackenzie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large cervine mammal (<spn>Alces machlis</spn>, or <spn>A. Americanus</spn>), native of the Northern United States and Canada. The adult male is about as large as a horse, and has very large, palmate antlers. It closely resembles the European elk, and by many zo\'94logists is considered the same species. See <er>Elk</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Moose bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Canada jayor whisky jack. See <er>Whisky jack</er>.</cd> -- <col>Moose deer</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Moose</er>.</cd> -- <col>Moose yard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a locality where moose, in winter, herd together in a forest to feed and for mutual protection.</cd></cs>

<h1>Moosewood</h1>
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<hw>Moose"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The striped maple <fld>(Acer Pennsylvanicum)</fld>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Leatherwood.</def>

<h1>Moot</h1>
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<hw>Moot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt> <def>See 1st <er>Mot</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Moot</h1>
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<hw>Moot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A ring for gauging wooden pins.</def>

<h1>Moot</h1>
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<hw>Moot</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mooted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mooting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>moten</ets>, <ets>motien</ets>, AS. <ets>m\'d3tan</ets> to meet or assemble for conversation, to discuss, dispute, fr. <ets>m\'d3t</ets>, <ets>gem\'d3t</ets>, a meeting, an assembly; akin to Icel. <ets>m\'d3t</ets>, MHG. <ets>muoz</ets>. Cf. <er>Meet</er> to come together.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To argue for and against; to debate; to discuss; to propose for discussion.</def>

<blockquote>A problem which hardly has been mentioned, much less <b>mooted</b>, in this country.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: To discuss by way of exercise; to argue for practice; to propound and discuss in a mock court.</def>

<blockquote>First a case is appointed to be <b>mooted</b> by certain young men, containing some doubtful controversy.
<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moot</h1>
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<hw>Moot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To argue or plead in a supposed case.</def>

<blockquote>There is a difference between <b>mooting</b> and pleading; between fencing and fighting.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moot</h1>
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<hw>Moot</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m\'d3t</ets>, <ets>gem\'d3t</ets>, a meeting; -- usually in comp.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mote</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A meeting for discussion and deliberation; esp., a meeting of the people of a village or district, in Anglo-Saxon times, for the discussion and settlement of matters of common interest; -- usually in composition; <as>as, folk-<ex>moot</ex></as>.</def>

<i>J. R. Green.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[From <er>Moot</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>A discussion or debate; especially, a discussion of fictitious causes by way of practice.</def>

<blockquote>The pleading used in courts and chancery called <b>moots</b>.
<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Moot case</col>, <cd>a case or question to be mooted; a disputable case; an unsettled question. <i>Dryden</i>.</cd> -- <col>Moot court</col>, <cd>a mock court, such as is held by students of law for practicing the conduct of law cases.</cd> -- <col>Moot point</col>, <cd>a point or question to be debated; a doubtful question.</cd></cs>

<h1>Moot</h1>
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<hw>Moot</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Subject, or open, to argument or discussion; undecided; debatable; mooted.</def>

<h1>Mootable</h1>
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<hw>Moot"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being mooted.</def>

<h1>Mooter</h1>
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<hw>Moot"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A disputer of a mooted case.</def>

<h1>Moot-hall, Moot-house</h1>
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<hw><hw>Moot"-hall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Moot"-house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m\'d3th<?/s</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hall for public meetings; a hall of judgment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>moot-hall</i> of Herod."

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Moot-hill</h1>
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<hw>Moot"-hill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A hill of meeting or council; an elevated place in the open air where public assemblies or courts were held by the Saxons; -- called, in Scotland, <i>mute-hill</i>.</def>

<i>J. R. Green.</i>

<h1>Mootman</h1>
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<hw>Moot"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mootmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>One who argued moot cases in the inns of court.</def>

<h1>Mop</h1>
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<hw>Mop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mope</er>.]</ety> <def>A made-up face; a grimace.</def> "What <i>mops</i> and mowes it makes!"

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Mop</h1>
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<hw>Mop</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a wry mouth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mop</h1>
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<hw>Mop</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[CF. W. <ets>mop</ets>, <ets>mopa</ets>, Ir. <ets>moipal</ets>, Gael. <ets>moibeal</ets>, <ets>moibean</ets>; or OF. <ets>mappe</ets> a napkin (see <er>Map</er>, <er>Napkin</er>).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An implement for washing floors, or the like, made of a piece of cloth, or a collection of thrums, or coarse yarn, fastened to a handle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fair where servants are hired.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The young of any animal; also, a young girl; a moppet.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<cs><col>Mop head</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The end of a mop, to which the thrums or rags are fastened</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A clamp for holding the thrums or rags of a mop</cd>. <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Mop</h1>
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<hw>Mop</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mopped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mopping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To rub or wipe with a mop, or as with a mop; <as>as, to <ex>mop</ex> a floor; to <ex>mop</ex> one's face with a handkerchief.</as></def>

<h1>Mopboard</h1>
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<hw>Mop"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A narrow board nailed against the wall of a room next to the floor; skirting board; baseboard. See <er>Baseboard</er>.</def>

<h1>Mope</h1>
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<hw>Mope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Moped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Moping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>moppen</ets> to pout, Prov. G. <ets>muffen</ets> to sulk.]</ety> <def>To be dull and spiritless.</def> "<i>Moping</i> melancholy."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>A sickly part of one true sense
Could not so <b>mope</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mope</h1>
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<hw>Mope</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make spiritless and stupid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mope</h1>
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<hw>Mope</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dull, spiritless person.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Mope-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Mope"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shortsighted; purblind.</def>

<h1>Mopeful</h1>
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<hw>Mope"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mopish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mopish</h1>
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<hw>Mop"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dull; spiritless; dejected.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mop"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mop"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Moplah</h1>
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<hw>Mop"lah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malayalam <ets>m\'bepplia</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of a class of Mohammedans in Malabar.</def>

<h1>Moppet</h1>
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<hw>Mop"pet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From 3d <er>Mop</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rag baby; a puppet made of cloth; hence, also, in fondness, a little girl, or a woman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A long-haired pet dog.</def>

<h1>Mopsey, Mopsy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mop"sey</hw>, <hw>Mop"sy</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A moppet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A slatternly, untidy woman.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Mopsical</h1>
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<hw>Mop"si*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shortsighted; mope-eyed.</def>

<h1>Mopstick</h1>
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<hw>Mop"stick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The long handle of a mop.</def>

<h1>Mopus</h1>
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<hw>Mo"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mope; a drone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Moquette</h1>
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<hw>Mo*quette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A kind of carpet having a short velvety pile.</def>

<h1>Mora</h1>
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<hw>Mor"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A game of guessing the number of fingers extended in a quick movement of the hand, -- much played by Italians of the lower classes.</def>

<h1>Mora</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leguminous tree of Guiana and Trinidad (<spn>Dimorphandra excelsa</spn>); also, its timber, used in shipbuilding and making furniture.</def>

<h1>Mora</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ra</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. & Civil Law)</fld> <def>Delay; esp., culpable delay; postponement.</def>

<h1>Moraine</h1>
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<hw>Mo*raine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. Cf. Prov. G. <ets>mur</ets> stones broken off, It. <ets>mora</ets> a heap of stones, hillock, G. <ets>m\'81rbe</ets> soft, broken up, OHG. <ets>muruwi</ets>, AS. <ets>mearu</ets> tender, Gr. <?/ to cause to wither, Skr. <ets>ml\'be</ets> to relax.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An accumulation of earth and stones carried forward and deposited by a glacier.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<note>&hand; If the moranie is at the extremity of the glacier it is a <i>terminal moranie</i>; if at the side, a <i>lateral moranie</i>; if parallel to the side on the central portion of the glacier, a <i>medial moranie</i>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Glacier</er>. In the last case it is formed by the union of the lateral moranies of the branches of the glacier. A <i>ground moranie</i> is one beneath the mass of ice.</note>

<h1>Morainic</h1>
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<hw>Mo*rain"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a moranie.</def>

<h1>Moral</h1>
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<hw>Mor"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>moralis</ets>, fr. <ets>mos</ets>, <ets>moris</ets>, manner, custom, habit, way of life, conduct.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to duty or obligation; pertaining to those intentions and actions of which right and wrong, virtue and vice, are predicated, or to the rules by which such intentions and actions ought to be directed; relating to the practice, manners, or conduct of men as social beings in relation to each other, as respects right and wrong, so far as they are properly subject to rules.</def>

<blockquote>Keep at the least within the compass of <b>moral</b> actions, which have in them vice or virtue.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Mankind is broken loose from <b>moral</b> bands.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She had wandered without rule or guidance in a <b>moral</b> wilderness.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conformed to accepted rules of right; acting in conformity with such rules; virtuous; just; <as>as, a <ex>moral</ex> man</as>. Used sometimes in distinction from <i>religious</i>; <as>as, a <ex>moral</ex> rather than a religious life</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The wiser and more <b>moral</b> part of mankind.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Capable of right and wrong action or of being governed by a sense of right; subject to the law of duty.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>moral</b> agent is a being capable of those actions that have a <b>moral</b> quality, and which can properly be denominated good or evil in a <b>moral</b> sense.
<i>J. Edwards.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Acting upon or through one's moral nature or sense of right, or suited to act in such a manner; <as>as, a <ex>moral</ex> arguments; <ex>moral</ex> considerations</as>. Sometimes opposed to <i>material</i> and <i>physical</i>; <as>as, <ex>moral</ex> pressure or support</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Supported by reason or probability; practically sufficient; -- opposed to <i>legal</i> or <i>demonstrable</i>; <as>as, a <ex>moral</ex> evidence; a <ex>moral</ex> certainty.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Serving to teach or convey a moral; <as>as, a <ex>moral</ex> lesson; <ex>moral</ex> tales.</as></def>

<cs><col>Moral agent</col>, <cd>a being who is capable of acting with reference to right and wrong.</cd> -- <col>Moral certainty</col>, <cd>a very high degree or probability, although not demonstrable as a certainty; a probability of so high a degree that it can be confidently acted upon in the affairs of life; <as>as, there is a <ex>moral certainty<ex> of his guilt</as>.</cd> -- <col>Moral insanity</col>, <cd>insanity, so called, of the moral system; badness alleged to be irresponsible.</cd> -- <col>Moral philosophy</col>, <cd>the science of duty; the science which treats of the nature and condition of man as a moral being, of the duties which result from his moral relations, and the reasons on which they are founded.</cd> -- <col>Moral play</col>, <cd>an allegorical play; a morality.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Moral sense</col></mcol>, <cd>the power of moral judgment and feeling; the capacity to perceive what is right or wrong in moral conduct, and to approve or disapprove, independently of education or the knowledge of any positive rule or law.</cd> -- <col>Moral theology</col>, <cd>theology applied to morals; practical theology; casuistry.</cd></cs>

<h1>Moral</h1>
<Xpage=943>

<hw>Mor"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The doctrine or practice of the duties of life; manner of living as regards right and wrong; conduct; behavior; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>Corrupt in their <b>morals</b> as vice could make them.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The inner meaning or significance of a fable, a narrative, an occurrence, an experience, etc.; the practical lesson which anything is designed or fitted to teach; the doctrine meant to be inculcated by a fiction; a maxim.</def>

<blockquote>Thus may we gather honey from the weed,
And make a <b>moral</b> of the devil himself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To point a <b>moral</b>, or adorn a tale.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We protest against the principle that the world of pure comedy is one into which no <b>moral</b> enters.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A morality play. See <er>Morality</er>, 5.</def>

<h1>Moral</h1>
<Xpage=943>

<hw>Mor"al</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To moralize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Morale</h1>
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<hw>Mo`rale"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Moral</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The moral condition, or the condition in other respects, so far as it is affected by, or dependent upon, moral considerations, such as zeal, spirit, hope, and confidence; mental state, as of a body of men, an army, and the like.</def>

<h1>Moraler</h1>
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<hw>Mor"al*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A moralizer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Moralism</h1>
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<hw>Mor"al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A maxim or saying embodying a moral truth.</def>

<i>Farrar.</i>

<h1>Moralist</h1>
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<hw>Mor"al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>moraliste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who moralizes; one who teaches or animadverts upon the duties of life; a writer of essays intended to correct vice and inculcate moral duties.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who practices moral duties; a person who lives in conformity with moral rules; one of correct deportment and dealings with his fellow-creatures; -- sometimes used in contradistinction to one whose life is controlled by religious motives.</def>

<blockquote>The love (in the <b>moralist</b> of virtue, but in the Christian) of God himself.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Morality</h1>
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<hw>Mo*ral"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Moralities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>moralitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>moralit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The relation of conformity or nonconformity to the moral standard or rule; quality of an intention, a character, an action, a principle, or a sentiment, when tried by the standard of right.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>morality</b> of an action is founded in the freedom of that principle, by virtue of which it is in the agent's power, having all things ready and requisite to the performance of an action, either to perform or not perform it.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of an action which renders it good; the conformity of an act to the accepted standard of right.</def>

<blockquote>Of <b>moralitee</b> he was the flower.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am bold to think that <b>morality</b> is capable of demonstration.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The doctrines or rules of moral duties, or the duties of men in their social character; ethics.</def>

<blockquote>The end of <b>morality</b> is to procure the affections to obey reason, and not to invade it.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The system of <b>morality</b> to be gathered out of ... ancient sages falls very short of that delivered in the gospel.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The practice of the moral duties; rectitude of life; conformity to the standard of right; virtue; <as>as, we often admire the politeness of men whose <ex>morality</ex> we question</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A kind of allegorical play, so termed because it consisted of discourses in praise of morality between actors representing such characters as Charity, Faith, Death, Vice, etc. Such plays were occasionally exhibited as late as the reign of Henry VIII.</def>

<i>Strutt.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Intent; meaning; moral.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Taketh the <b>morality</b> thereof, good men.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moralization</h1>
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<hw>Mor`al*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>moralisation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of moralizing; moral reflections or discourse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Explanation in a moral sense.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<hr>
<page="944">
Page 944<p>

<h1>Moralize</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor"al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Moralized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Moralizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>moraliser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To apply to a moral purpose; to explain in a moral sense; to draw a moral from.</def>

<blockquote>This fable is <b>moralized</b> in a common proverb.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Did he not <b>moralize</b> this spectacle?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with moral lessons, teachings, or examples; to lend a moral to.</def>

<blockquote>While chastening thoughts of sweetest use, bestowed
By Wisdom, <b>moralize</b> his pensive road.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To render moral; to correct the morals of.</def>

<blockquote>It had a large share in <b>moralizing</b> the poor white people of the country.
<i>D. Ramsay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give a moral quality to; to affect the moral quality of, either for better or worse.</def>

<blockquote>Good and bad stars <b>moralize</b> not our actions.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moralize</h1>
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<hw>Mor"al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make moral reflections; to regard acts and events as involving a moral.</def>

<h1>Moralizer</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor"al*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who moralizes.</def>

<h1>Morally</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor"al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a moral or ethical sense; according to the rules of morality.</def>

<blockquote>By good, good <b>morally</b> so called, "bonum honestum" ought chiefly to be understood.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>According to moral rules; virtuously.</def> "To live <i>morally</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In moral qualities; in disposition and character; <as>as, one who physically and <ex>morally</ex> endures hardships</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In a manner calculated to serve as the basis of action; according to the usual course of things and human judgment; according to reason and probability.</def>

<blockquote>It is <b>morally</b> impossible for an hypocrite to keep himself long upon his guard.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Morass</h1>
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<hw>Mo*rass"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>marras</ets>, <ets>mareis</ets> (perh. through D. <ets>moeras</ets>), fr. F. <ets>marais</ets>, prob. from L. <ets>mare</ets> sea, in LL., any body of water; but perh. influenced by some German word. See <er>Mere</er> a lake, and cf. <er>Marsh</er>.]</ety> <def>A tract of soft, wet ground; a marsh; a fen.</def>

<cs><col>Morass ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Bog ore</cref>, under <er>Bog</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>morassy</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>mo*rass"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marshy; fenny.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Pennant.</i>

<h1>Morate</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mo"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of moric acid.</def>

<h1>Moration</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mo*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>moratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A delaying tarrying; delay.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Moravian</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mo*ra"vi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Moravia, or to the United Brethren. See <er>Moravian</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Moravian</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mo*ra"vi*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a religious sect called the <i>United Brethern</i> (an offshoot of the Hussites in Bohemia), which formed a separate church of Moravia, a northern district of Austria, about the middle of the 15th century. After being nearly extirpated by persecution, the society, under the name of <i>The Renewed Church of the United Brethren</i>, was re\'89stablished in 1722-35 on the estates of Count Zinzendorf in Saxony. Called also <altname>Herrnhuter</altname>.</def>

<h1>Moravianism</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mo*ra"vi*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The religious system of the Moravians.</def>

<h1>Moray</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor"ay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mur\'91na.</def>

<h1>Morbid</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor"bid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>morbidus</ets>, fr. <ets>morbus</ets> disease; prob. akin to <ets>mori</ets> to die: cf. F. <ets>morbide</ets>, It. <ets>morbido</ets>. See <er>Mortal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not sound and healthful; induced by a diseased or abnormal condition; diseased; sickly; <as>as, <ex>morbid</ex> humors; a <ex>morbid</ex> constitution; a <ex>morbid</ex> state of the juices of a plant.</as></def> "Her sick and <i>morbid</i> heart."

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to disease or diseased parts; <as>as, <ex>morbid</ex> anatomy</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Diseased; sickly; sick.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Morbid</er>, <er>Diseased</er>. <i>Morbid</i> is sometimes used interchangeably with <i>diseased</i>, but is commonly applied, in a somewhat technical sense, to cases of a prolonged nature; <as>as, a <ex>morbid</ex> condition of the nervous system</as>; a <i>morbid</i> sensibility, etc.</usage>

<h1>Morbidezza</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor`bi*dez"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., softness, delicacy. See <er>Morbid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Delicacy or softness in the representation of flesh.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A term used as a direction in execution, signifying, with extreme delicacy.</def>

<i>Ludden.</i>

<h1>Morbidity</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor*bid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being morbid.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Morbid quality; disease; sickness.</def>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Amount of disease; sick rate.</def>

<h1>Morbidly</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor"bid*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a morbid manner.</def>

<h1>Morbidness</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor"bid*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being morbid; morbidity.</def>

<h1>Morbific, Morbifical</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw><hw>Mor*bif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mor*bif"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>morbus</ets> disease + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make: cf. F. <ets>morbifique</ets>. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>Causing disease; generating a sickly state; <as>as, a <ex>morbific</ex> matter</as>.</def>

<h1>Morbillous</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor*bil"lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>morbilli</ets> measles, dim. of L. <ets>morbus</ets> disease: cf. F. <ets>morbilleux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the measles; partaking of the nature of measels, or resembling the eruptions of that disease; measly.</def>

<h1>Morbose</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor*bose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>morbosus</ets>, fr. <ets>morbus</ets> disease.]</ety> <def>Proceeding from disease; morbid; unhealthy.</def>

<blockquote><b>Morbose</b> tumors and excrescences of plants.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Morbosity</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor*bos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>morbositas</ets>.]</ety> <def>A diseased state; unhealthiness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Morceau</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor`ceau"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A bit; a morsel.</def>

<h1>Mordacious</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor*da"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mordax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, fr. <ets>mordere</ets>, <ets>morsum</ets>, to bite. See <er>Morsel</er>.]</ety> <def>Biting; given to biting; hence, figuratively, sarcastic; severe; scathing.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mor*da"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mordacity</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor*dac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mordacitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mordacit\'82</ets>. See <er>Mordacious</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being mordacious; biting severity, or sarcastic quality.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Mordant</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor"dant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p.pr. of <ets>mordere</ets> to bite; L. <ets>mordere</ets>. See <er>Morsel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Biting; caustic; sarcastic; keen; severe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Dyeing & Calico Printing)</fld> <def>Serving to fix colors.</def>

<h1>Mordant</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor"dant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., originally, biting.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any corroding substance used in etching.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Dyeing & Calico Printing)</fld> <def>Any substance, as alum or copperas, which, having a twofold attraction for organic fibers and coloring matter, serves as a bond of union, and thus gives fixity to, or <i>bites in</i>, the dyes.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gilding)</fld> <def>Any sticky matter by which the gold leaf is made to adhere.</def>

<h1>Mordant</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor"dant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mordanted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mordanting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To subject to the action of, or imbue with, a mordant; <as>as, to <ex>mordant</ex> goods for dyeing</as>.</def>

<h1>Mordantly</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor"dant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a mordant.</def>

<h1>Mordente</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor*den"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An embellishment resembling a trill.</def>

<h1>Mordicancy</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor"di*can*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A biting quality; corrosiveness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Mordicant</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor"di*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mordicans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>mordicare</ets> to bite, fr. <ets>mordere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mordicant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Biting; acrid; <as>as, the <ex>mordicant</ex> quality of a body</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Mordication</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor`di*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mordicatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of biting or corroding; corrosion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Mordicative</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>Mor"di*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mordicativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Biting; corrosive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>More</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>More</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m\'d3r</ets>. See <er>Moor</er> a waste.]</ety> <def>A hill.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>More</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>More</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>more</ets>, <ets>moru</ets>; akin to G. <ets>m\'94hre</ets> carrot, OHG. <ets>moraha</ets>, <ets>morha</ets>.]</ety> <def>A root.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>More</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>More</hw>, <tt>a., compar.</tt> <wordforms>[<i>Positive wanting</i>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Most</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>more</ets>, <ets>mare</ets>, and (orig. neut. and adv.) <ets>mo</ets>, <ets>ma</ets>, AS. <ets>m\'bera</ets>, and (as neut. and adv.) <ets>m\'be</ets>; akin to D. <ets>meer</ets>, OS. <ets>m\'c7r</ets>, G. <ets>mehr</ets>, OHG. <ets>m\'c7ro</ets>, <ets>m\'c7r</ets>, Icel. <ets>meiri</ets>, <ets>meirr</ets>, Dan. <ets>meere</ets>, <ets>meer</ets>, Sw. <ets>mera</ets>, <ets>mer</ets>, Goth. <ets>maiza</ets>, a., <ets>mais</ets>, adv., and perh. to L. <ets>major</ets> greater, compar. of <ets>magnus</ets> great, and <ets>magis</ets>, adv., more. &root;103. Cf. <er>Most</er>, <er>uch</er>, <er>Major</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Greater; superior; increased</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Greater in quality, amount, degree, quality, and the like; with the singular</def>.

<blockquote>He gat <b>more</b> money.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If we procure not to ourselves <b>more</b> woe.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>More</i>, in this sense, was formerly used in connection with some other qualifying word, -- <i>a</i>, <i>the</i>, <i>this</i>, <i>their</i>, etc., -- which now requires the substitution of <i>greater</i>, <i>further</i>, or the like, for <i>more</i>.</note>

<blockquote>Whilst sisters nine, which dwell on Parnasse height,
Do make them music for their <b>more</b> delight.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>more</b> part knew not wherefore they were come together.
<i>Acts xix. 32.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wrong not that wrong with a <b>more</b> contempt.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Greater in number; exceeding in numbers; -- with the plural</def>.

<blockquote>The people of the children of Israel are <b>more</b> and mighter than we.
<i>Ex. i. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Additional; other; <as>as, he wept because there were no <ex>more</ex> words to conquer</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With open arms received one poet <b>more</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>More</h1>
<Xpage=944>

<hw>More</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A greater quantity, amount, or number; that which exceeds or surpasses in any way what it is compared with.</def>

<blockquote>And the children of Israel did so, and gathered, some <b>more</b>, some less.
<i>Ex. xvi. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is in addition; something other and further; an additional or greater amount.</def>

<blockquote>They that would have <b>more</b> and <b>more</b> can never have enough.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O! That pang where <b>more</b> than madness lies.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Any more</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Anything or something additional or further; <as>as, I do not need <ex>any more<ex></as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Adverbially: Further; beyond a certain time; <as>as, do not think <ex>any more<ex> about it</as>.</cd> -- <col>No more</col>, <cd>not anything more; nothing in addition.</cd> -- <col>The more and less</col>, <cd>the high and low.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak</i>. "All cried, both <i>less and more<i>." <i>Chaucer</i>.</cs>

<h1>More</h1>
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<hw>More</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a greater quantity; in or to a greater extent or degree.</def> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>With a verb or participle.</def>

<blockquote>Admiring <b>more</b>
The riches of Heaven's pavement.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>With an adjective or adverb (instead of the suffix <i>-er</i>) to form the comparative degree; <as>as, <ex>more</ex> durable; <ex>more</ex> active; <ex>more</ex> sweetly</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Happy here, and <b>more</b> happy hereafter.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Double comparatives were common among writers of the Elizabeth period, and for some time later; as, <i>more</i> brighter; <i>more</i> dearer.

<blockquote>The duke of Milan
And his <b>more</b> braver daughter.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In addition; further; besides; again.</def>

<blockquote>Yet once <b>more</b>, Oye laurels, and once <b>more</b>,
Ye myrtles brown, with ivy never sere,
I come to pluck your berries harsh and crude.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>More and more</col>, <cd>with continual increase. "Amon trespassed <i>more and more<i>." <i>2 Chron. xxxiii. 23</i>.</cd> -- <col>The more</col>, <cd>to a greater degree; by an added quantity; for a reason already specified.</cd> -- <col>The more -- the more</col>, <cd>by how much more -- by so much more. "<i>The more<i> he praised in himself, <i>the more<i> he seems to suspect that in very deed it was not in him." <i>Milton</i>.</cd> -- <col>To be no more</col>, <cd>to have ceased to be; as, Cassius <i>is no more<i>; Troy <i>is no more<i>.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Those oracles which set the world in flames,
Nor ceased to burn till kingdoms were <b>no more</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>More</h1>
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<hw>More</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make more; to increase.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Moreen</h1>
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<hw>Mo*reen"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Mohair</er>.]</ety> <def>A thick woolen fabric, watered or with embossed figures; -- used in upholstery, for curtains, etc.</def>

<h1>Morel</h1>
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<hw>Mor"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Moril</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An edible fungus (<spn>Morchella esculenta</spn>), the upper part of which is covered with a reticulated and pitted hymenium. It is used as food, and for flavoring sauces.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>moril</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Morel</h1>
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<hw>Mor"el</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Morelle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Nightshade; -- so called from its blackish purple berries.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>morelle</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of cherry. See <er>Morello</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Great morel</col>, <cd>the deadly nightshade.</cd> -- <col>Petty morel</col>, <cd>the black nightshade. See <er>Nightshade</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Moreland</h1>
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<hw>More"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Moorland.</def>

<h1>Morelle</h1>
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<hw>Mo*relle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., orig. fem. of <ets>moreau</ets> black, OF. <ets>morel</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>morellus</ets>. Cf. <er>Morello</er>, <er>Murrey</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Nightshade. See 2d <er>Morel</er>.</def>

<h1>Morello</h1>
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<hw>Mo*rel"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>morello</ets> blackish, OF. <ets>morel</ets>. Cf. <er>Morelle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of nearly black cherry with dark red flesh and juice, -- used chiefly for preserving.</def>

<h1>Morendo</h1>
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<hw>Mo*ren"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Dying; a gradual decrescendo at the end of a strain or cadence.</def>

<h1>Moreness</h1>
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<hw>More"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Greatness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Moreover</h1>
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<hw>More*o"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>More</ets> + <ets>over</ets>.]</ety> <def>Beyond what has been said; further; besides; in addition; furthermore; also; likewise.</def>

<blockquote><b>Moreover</b>, he hath left you all his walks.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Besides</er>, <er>Moreover</er>.</syn> <usage> Of the two words, <i>moreover</i> is the stronger and is properly used in solemn discourse, or when what is added is important to be considered. See <er>Besides</er>.</usage>

<h1>Morepork</h1>
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<hw>More"pork`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So named from its cry.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Australian crested goatsucker (<spn>\'92gotheles Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91</spn>). Also applied to other allied birds, as <spn>Podargus Cuveiri</spn>.</def>

<h1>Moresk</h1>
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<hw>Mo*resk"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Moresque.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Moresque</h1>
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<hw>Mo*resque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>moresco</ets>, or Sp. <ets>morisco</ets>. See <er>Morris</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to, or in the manner or style of, the Moors; Moorish.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The Moresque style of architecture or decoration. See <cref>Moorish architecture</cref>, under <er>Moorish</er>.</def></def2> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mauresque</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Morganatic</h1>
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<hw>Mor`ga*nat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>matrimonium ad morganaticam</ets>, fr. <ets>morganatica</ets> a morning gift, a kind of dowry paid on the morning before or after the marriage, fr. OHG. <ets>morgan</ets> morning, in <ets>morgangeba</ets> morning gift, G. <ets>morgengabe</ets>. See <er>Morn</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, in the manner of, or designating, a kind of marriage, called also <altname>left-handed marriage</altname>, between a man of superior rank and a woman of inferior, in which it is stipulated that neither the latter nor her children shall enjoy the rank or inherit the possessions of her husband.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i> -- <wordforms><wf>Mor`ga*nat"ic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Morgay</h1>
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<hw>Mor"gay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>morgi</ets> dogfish, shark; <ets>mor</ets> sea + <ets>ci</ets> dog.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European small-spotted dogfish, or houndfish. See the Note under <er>Houndfish</er>.</def>

<h1>Morglay</h1>
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<hw>Mor"glay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Claymore</er>.]</ety> <def>A sword.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Morgue</h1>
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<hw>Morgue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A place where the bodies of persons found dead are exposed, that they may be identified, or claimed by their friends; a deadhouse.</def>

<h1>Moria</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ folly.]</ety> <def>Idiocy; imbecility; fatuity; foolishness.</def>

<h1>Morian</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A Moor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In vain the Turks and <b>Morians</b> armed be.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moribund</h1>
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<hw>Mor"i*bund</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>moribundus</ets>, from <ets>moriri</ets> to die. See <er>Mortal</er>.]</ety> <def>In a dying state; dying; at the point of death.</def>

<blockquote>The patient was comatose and <b>moribund</b>.
<i>Copland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moribund</h1>
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<hw>Mor"i*bund</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dying person.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Moric</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, fustic (see <er>Morin</er>); <as>as, <ex>moric</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Morice</h1>
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<hw>Mor"ice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Morisco</er>.</def>

<h1>Morigerate</h1>
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<hw>Mo*rig"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>morigeratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>morigerari</ets> to comply with. See <er>Morigerous</er>.]</ety> <def>Obedient.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Morigeration</h1>
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<hw>Mo*rig`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>morigeratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Obsequiousness; obedience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Morigerous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*rig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>morigerus</ets>; <ets>oss</ets>, <ets>moris</ets>, custom, manner + <ets>gerere</ets> to bear, conduct.]</ety> <def>Obedient; obsequious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Brathwait.</i>

<h1>Moril</h1>
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<hw>Mor"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>morille</ets>; cf. OHG. <ets>morhila</ets>, G. <ets>morchel</ets>, OHG. <ets>morha</ets> carrot. See <er>More</er> a root.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An edible fungus. Same as 1st <er>Morel</er>.</def>

<h1>Morin</h1>
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<hw>Mo"rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow crystalline substance of acid properties extracted from fustic (<spn>Maclura tinctoria</spn>, formerly called <altname>Morus tinctoria</altname>); -- called also <altname>moric acid</altname>.</def>

<h1>Morinda</h1>
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<hw>Mo*rin"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of rubiaceous trees and shrubs, mostly East Indian, many species of which yield valuable red and yellow dyes. The wood is hard and beautiful, and used for gunstocks.</def>

<h1>Morindin</h1>
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<hw>Mo*rin"din</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow dyestuff extracted from the root bark of an East Indian plant (<spn>Morinda citrifolia</spn>).</def>

<h1>Morinel</h1>
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<hw>Mor"i*nel`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>morinelle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dotterel.</def>

<h1>Moringa</h1>
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<hw>Mo*rin"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malayam <ets>murunggi</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees of Southern India and Northern Africa. One species (<spn>Moringa pterygosperma</spn>) is the horse-radish tree, and its seeds, as well as those of <spn>M. aptera</spn>, are known in commerce as <i>ben</i> or <i>ben nuts</i>, and yield the oil called <i>oil of ben</i>.</def>

<h1>Moringic</h1>
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<hw>Mo*rin"gic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Designating an organic acid obtained from oil of ben. See <er>Moringa</er>.</def>

<h1>Morintannic</h1>
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<hw>Mo`rin*tan"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Morus</ets> fustic + E. <ets>tannic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a variety of tannic acid extracted from fustic (<spn>Maclura, <plain>formerly</plain> Morus, tinctoria</spn>) as a yellow crystalline substance; -- called also <altname>maclurin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Morion</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ri*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>morion</ets>, Sp. <ets>morrion</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>morra</ets> the upper part of the head, <ets>morro</ets> anything that is round.]</ety> <def>A kind of open helmet, without visor or beaver, and somewhat resembling a hat.</def>

<blockquote>A battered <b>morion</b> on his brow.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Morion</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ri*on</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A dark variety of smoky quartz.</def>

<h1>Morioplasty</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ri*o*plas`ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ piece (dim. of <?/ a part + <ets>-plasty</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The restoration of lost parts of the body.</def>

<hr>
<page="945">
Page 945<p>

<h1>Morisco</h1>
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<hw>Mo*ris"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Sp. See <er>Morris</er> the dance.]</ety> <def>Moresque.</def>

<h1>Morisco</h1>
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<hw>Mo*ris"co</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>morisco</ets> Moorish.]</ety> <def>A thing of Moorish origin; as: <sd>(a)</sd> The Moorish language. <sd>(b)</sd> A Moorish dance, now called <i>morris dance</i>. <i>Marston</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> One who dances the Moorish dance. <i>Shak</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> Moresque decoration or architecture.</def>

<h1>Morisk</h1>
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<hw>Mo"risk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Morisco</er>.</def>

<h1>Morkin</h1>
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<hw>Mor"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to Sw. <ets>murken</ets> putrefied, Icel. <ets>morkinn</ets> putrid.]</ety> <def>A beast that has died of disease or by mischance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Morland</h1>
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<hw>Mor"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Moorland.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Morling</h1>
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<hw>Mor"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. mort dead, L. mortuus, fr. moriri to die.]</ety> <def>Mortling.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Ainsworth</i>.

<h1>Mormal</h1>
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<hw>Mor"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mort-mai</ets> a deadly evil. <ets>Nares</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bad sore; a gangrene; a cancer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>morrimal</asp> and <asp>mortmal</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mormo</h1>
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<hw>Mor"mo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>mormw`</grk> a hideous she-monster, a bugbear.]</ety> <def>A bugbear; false terror.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jonhson.</i>

<h1>Mormon</h1>
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<hw>Mor"mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ monster, bugbear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genus of sea birds, having a large, thick bill; the puffin.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The mandrill.</def>

<h1>Mormon</h1>
<Xpage=945>

<hw>Mor"mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One of a sect in the United States, followers of Joseph Smith, who professed to have found an addition to the Bible, engraved on golden plates, called the <i>Book of Mormon</i>, first published in 1830. The Mormons believe in polygamy, and their hierarchy of apostles, etc., has control of civil and religious matters.</def>

<note>&hand; The Mormons call their religious organization The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Its head claims to receive revelations of God's will, and to have certain supernatural powers.</note>

<h1>Mormon</h1>
<Xpage=945>

<hw>Mor"mon</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Mormons; <as>as, the <ex>Mormon</ex> religion; <ex>Mormon</ex> practices.</as></def>

<h1>Mormondom</h1>
<Xpage=945>

<hw>Mor"mon*dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The country inhabited by the Mormons; the Mormon people.</def>

<h1>Mormonism</h1>
<Xpage=945>

<hw>Mor"mon*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine, system, and practices of the Mormons.</def>

<h1>Mormonite</h1>
<Xpage=945>

<hw>Mor"mon*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Mormon.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Mormon.</def> "<i>Mormonite</i> religion."</def2>

<i>F. W. Newman.</i>

<h1>Morn</h1>
<Xpage=945>

<hw>Morn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>morwen</ets>, <ets>morgen</ets>, AS. <ets>morgen</ets>; akin to D. <ets>morgen</ets>, OS. <ets>morgan</ets>, G. <ets>morgen</ets>, Icel. <ets>morginn</ets>, <ets>morgunn</ets>, Sw. <ets>morgon</ets>, Dan. <ets>morgen</ets>, Goth. <ets>ma\'a3rgins</ets>. Cf. <er>Morrow</er>, <er>Morning</er>.]</ety> <def>The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry.</def>

<blockquote>From <b>morn</b>
To noun he fell, from noon to dewy eve.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Morne</h1>
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<hw>Mor"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the morn; morning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "White as <i>morne</i> milk."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Morne</h1>
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<hw>Morne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>morne</ets> sad, sorrowful. See <er>Mourn</er>.]</ety> <def>A ring fitted upon the head of a lance to prevent wounding an adversary in titling.</def>

<h1>Morn\'82</h1>
<Xpage=945>

<hw>Mor`n\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>morne</ets> a morne.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Without teeth, tongue, or claws; -- said of a lion represented heraldically.</def>

<h1>Morne</h1>
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<hw>Morne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>morning</ets>, <ets>morwening</ets>. See <er>Morn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The first or early part of the day, variously understood as the earliest hours of light, the time near sunrise; the time from midnight to noon, from rising to noon, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The first or early part; <as>as, the <ex>morning</ex> of life</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The goddess Aurora.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Morning</h1>
<Xpage=945>

<hw>Morn"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the first part or early part of the day; being in the early part of the day; <as>as, <ex>morning</ex> dew; <ex>morning</ex> light; <ex>morning</ex> service.</as></def>

<blockquote>She looks as clear
As <b>morning</b> roses newly washed with dew.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Morning gown</col>, <cd>a gown worn in the morning before one is dressed for the day.</cd> -- <col>Morning gun</col>, <cd>a gun fired at the first stroke of reveille at military posts.</cd> -- <col>Morning sickness</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>nausea and vomiting, usually occurring in the morning; -- a common sign of pregnancy.</cd> -- <col>Morning star</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any one of the planets (Venus, Jupiter, Mars, or Saturn) when it precedes the sun in rising, esp</cd>. Venus. Cf. <cref>Evening star</cref>, <er>Evening</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Satan. See <er>Lucifer</er>.</cd>

<blockquote>Since he miscalled the <b>morning star</b>,
Nor man nor fiend hath fallen so far.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A weapon consisting of a heavy ball set with spikes, either attached to a staff or suspended from one by a chain.</cd> -- <col>Morning watch</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the watch between four <sc>A. M.</sc> and eight <sc>A. M.</sc>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Morning-glory</h1>
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<hw>Morn"ing-glo`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A climbing plant (<spn>Ipom\'d2a purpurea</spn>) having handsome, funnel-shaped flowers, usually red, pink, purple, white, or variegated, sometimes pale blue. See <er>Dextrorsal</er>.</def>

<h1>Morningtide</h1>
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<hw>Morn"ing*tide`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Morning time.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<h1>Mornward</h1>
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<hw>Morn"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Towards the morn.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>And <b>mornward</b> now the starry hands move on.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moro</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>mora</ets> mulberry, L. <ets>morum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A small abscess or tumor having a resemblance to a mulberry.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Moroccan</h1>
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<hw>Mo*roc"can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Morocco, or its inhabitants.</def>

<h1>Morocco</h1>
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<hw>Mo*roc"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from <ets>Morocco</ets>, the country. Cf. <er>Morris</er> the dance.]</ety> <def>A fine kind of leather, prepared commonly from goatskin (though an inferior kind is made of sheepskin), and tanned with sumac and dyed of various colors; -- said to have been first made by the Moors.</def>

<h1>Morology</h1>
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<hw>Mo*rol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ foolish talk, <?/ foolish + <?/ discourse.]</ety> <def>Foolish talk; nonsense; folly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Morone</h1>
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<hw>Mo*rone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Maroon; the color of an unripe black mulberry.</def>

<h1>Morosaurus</h1>
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<hw>Mo`ro*sau"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ stupid + <?/ lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of large herbivorous dinosaurs, found in Jurassic strata in America.</def>

<h1>Morose</h1>
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<hw>Mo*rose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>morosus</ets>, prop., excessively addicted to any particular way or habit, fr. <ets>mos</ets>, <ets>moris</ets>, manner, habit, way of life: cf. F. <ets>morose</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of a sour temper; sullen and austere; ill-humored; severe.</def> "A <i>morose</i> and affected taciturnity."

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lascivious; brooding over evil thoughts.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Sullen; gruff; severe; austere; gloomy; crabbed; crusty; churlish; surly; ill-humored.</syn>

<h1>Morosely</h1>
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<hw>Mo*rose"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Sourly; with sullen austerity.</def>

<h1>Moroseness</h1>
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<hw>Mo*rose"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sourness of temper; sulenness.</def>

<blockquote>Learn good humor, never to oppose without just reason; abate some degrees of pride and <b>moroseness</b>.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Moroseness</i> is not precisely <i>peevishness</i> or <i>fretfulness</i>, though often accompained with it. It denotes more of silence and severity, or ill-humor, than the irritability or irritation which characterizes <i>peevishness</i>.</note>

<h1>Morosis</h1>
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<hw>Mo*ro"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ silly, foolish.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Idiocy; fatuity; stupidity.</def>

<h1>Morosity</h1>
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<hw>Mo*ros"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>morositas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>morosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Moroseness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Moroshop</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ro*shop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ foolish + <?/ wise.]</ety> <def>A philosophical or learned fool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Morosous</h1>
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<hw>Mo*ro"sous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Morose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<h1>Moroxite</h1>
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<hw>Mo*rox"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gr. <?/, <?/, a sort of pipe clay.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of apatite of a greenish blue color.</def>

<h1>Moroxylate</h1>
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<hw>Mo*rox"y*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A morate.</def>

<h1>Moroxylic</h1>
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<hw>Mor`ox*yl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>morus</ets> a mulberry tree + Gr. <?/ wood.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the mulberry; moric.</def>

<h1>Morphean</h1>
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<hw>Mor"phe*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to Morpheus, to dreams, or to sleep.</def>

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Morpheus</h1>
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<hw>Mor"pheus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ prop., the fashioner or molder, because of the shapes he calls up before the sleeper, fr. <?/ form, shape.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The god of dreams.</def>

<h1>Morphew</h1>
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<hw>Mor"phew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>morphe\'82</ets>, LL. <ets>morphea</ets>; cf. It. <ets>morfea</ets>.]</ety> <def>A scurfy eruption.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Morphew</h1>
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<hw>Mor"phew</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with a morphew.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Morphia</h1>
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<hw>Mor"phi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Morphine.</def>

<h1>Morphine</h1>
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<hw>Mor"phine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Morpheus: cf. F. <ets>morphine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter white crystalline alkaloid found in opium, possessing strong narcotic properties, and much used as an anodyne; -- called also <altname>morphia</altname>, and <altname>morphina</altname>.</def>

<h1>Morphinism</h1>
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<hw>Mor"phin*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid condition produced by the excessive or prolonged use of morphine.</def>

<h1>Morpho</h1>
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<hw>Mor"pho</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, an epithet of Venus.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of large, handsome, tropical American butterflies, of the genus <spn>Morpho</spn>. They are noted for the very brilliant metallic luster and bright colors (often blue) of the upper surface of the wings. The lower surface is usually brown or gray, with eyelike spots.</def>

<h1>Morphogeny</h1>
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<hw>Mor*phog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>form</ets> + root of <?/ to be born.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>History of the evolution of forms; that part of ontogeny that deals with the germ history of forms; -- distinguished from <i>physiogeny</i>.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<h1>Morphologic, Morphological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mor`pho*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mor`pho*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>morphologique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or according to, the principles of morphology.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mor`pho*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Morphologist</h1>
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<hw>Mor*phol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One who is versed in the science of morphology.</def>

<h1>Morphology</h1>
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<hw>Mor*phol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ form + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>morphologie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That branch of biology which deals with the structure of animals and plants, treating of the forms of organs and describing their varieties, homologies, and metamorphoses. See <er>Tectology</er>, and <er>Promorphology</er>.</def>

<h1>Morphon</h1>
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<hw>Mor"phon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, p.pr. of <?/ to form.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A morphological individual, characterized by definiteness of form <i>bion</i>, a physiological individual. See <er>Tectology</er>.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<note>&hand; Of morphons there are six orders or categories: 1. Plastids or elementary organisms. 2. Organs, homoplastic or heteroplastic. 3. Antimeres (opposite or symmetrical or homotypic parts). 4. Metameres (successive or homodynamous parts). 5. Person\'91 (shoots or buds of plants, individuals in the narrowest sense among the higher animals). 6. Corms (stocks or colonies). For orders 2, 3, and 4 the term <i>idorgan</i> has been recently substituted. See <er>Idorgan</er>.</note>

<h1>Morphonomy</h1>
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<hw>Mor*phon"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ form + <?/ a law.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The laws of organic formation.</def>

<h1>Morphophyly</h1>
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<hw>Mor"pho*phy`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ form + <?/ a clan.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The tribal history of forms; that part of phylogeny which treats of the tribal history of forms, in distinction from the tribal history of functions.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<h1>Morphosis</h1>
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<hw>Mor*pho"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ form, fr. <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The order or mode of development of an organ or part.</def>

<h1>Morphotic</h1>
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<hw>Mor*phot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fit for forming.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Connected with, or becoming an integral part of, a living unit or of the morphological framework; <as>as, <ex>morphotic</ex>, or tissue, proteids</as>.</def>

<i>Foster.</i>

<h1>-morphous</h1>
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<hw>-mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <def>A combining form denoting <i>form</i>, <i>shape</i>; <as>as, iso<ex>morphous</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Morpion</h1>
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<hw>Mor"pi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>mordre</ets> to bite + L. <ets>pedis</ets> louse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A louse.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Morrice</h1>
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<hw>Mor"rice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as 1st <er>Morris</er>.</def>

<h1>Morrice</h1>
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<hw>Mor"rice</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dancing the morrice; dancing.</def>

<blockquote>In shoals and bands, a <b>morrice</b> train.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Morricer</h1>
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<hw>Mor"ri*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A morris dancer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Morrimal</h1>
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<hw>Mor"ri*mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <def>See <er>Mormal</er>.</def>

<h1>Morris</h1>
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<hw>Mor"ris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>morisco</ets> Moorish, fr. <ets>Moro</ets> a Moor: cf. F. <ets>moresque</ets>, It. <ets>moresca</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A Moorish dance, usually performed by a single dancer, who accompanies the dance with castanets.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dance formerly common in England, often performed in pagenats, processions, and May games. The dancers, grotesquely dressed and ornamented, took the parts of Robin Hood, Maidmarian, and other fictious characters.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An old game played with counters, or men, which are placed angles of a figure drawn on a board or on the ground; also, the board or ground on which the game is played.</def>

<blockquote>The nine-men's <b>morris</b> is filled up with mud.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The figure consists of three concentric squares, with lines from the angles of the outer one to those of the inner, and from the middle of each side of the outer square to that of the inner. The game is played by two persons with nine or twelve pieces each (hence called <i>nine-men's morris</i> or <i>twelve-men's morris</i>). The pieces are placed alternately, and each player endeavors to prevent his opponent from making a straight row of three. Should either succeed in making a row, he may take up one of his opponent's pieces, and he who takes off all of his opponent's pieces wins the game.</note>

<h1>Morris</h1>
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<hw>Mor"ris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from its discoverer.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine fish having a very slender, flat, transparent body. It is now generally believed to be the young of the conger eel or some allied fish.</def>

<h1>Morris-pike</h1>
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<hw>Mor"ris-pike`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Moorish pike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Morrot</h1>
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<hw>Mor"rot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Marrot</er>.</def>

<h1>Morrow</h1>
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<hw>Mor"row</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>morwe</ets>, <ets>morwen</ets>, AS. <ets>morgen</ets>. See <er>Morn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Morning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "White as <i>morrow's</i> milk."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<blockquote>We loved he by the <b>morwe</b> a sop in wine.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The next following day; the day subsequent to any day specified or understood.</def>

<i>Lev. vii. 16.</i>

<blockquote>Till this stormy night is gone,
And the eternal <b>morrow</b> dawn.
<i>Crashaw.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The day following the present; to-morrow.</def>

<cs><col>Good morrow</col>, <cd>good morning; -- a form of salutation.</cd> -- <col>To morrow</col>. <cd>See <er>To-morrow</er> in the Vocabulary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Morse</h1>
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<hw>Morse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>morse</ets>, Russ. <ets>morj'</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>mere</ets> lake; cf. Russ. <ets>more</ets> sea.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The walrus. See <er>Walrus</er>.</def>

<h1>Morse</h1>
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<hw>Morse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>morsus</ets> a biting, a clasp, fr. <ets>mordere</ets> to bite.]</ety> <def>A clasp for fastening garments in front.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Morse alphabet</h1>
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<hw>Morse" al"pha*bet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A telegraphic alphabet in very general use, inventing by Samuel F.B.Morse, the inventor of Morse's telegraph. The letters are represented by dots and dashes impressed or printed on paper, <as>as, </as>.- (A), -... (B), -.. (D), . (E), .. (O), ... (R), -- (T), etc., or by sounds, flashes of light, etc., with greater or less intervals between them.</def>

<h1>Morsel</h1>
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<hw>Mor"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>morsel</ets>, F. <ets>morceau</ets>, LL. <ets>morsellus</ets>, a dim. fr. L. <ets>morsus</ets> a biting, bite, fr. <ets>mordere</ets> to bite; prob. akin to E. <ets>smart</ets>. See <er>Smart</er>, and cf. <er>Morceau</er>, <er>Mordant</er>, <er>Muse</er>, <tt>v.</tt>, <er>Muzzle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little bite or bit of food.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Every <b>morsel</b> to a satisfied hunger is only a new labor to a tired digestion.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small quantity; a little piece; a fragment.</def>

<h1>Morsing horn</h1>
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<hw>Mor"sing horn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A horn or flask for holding powder, as for priming.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Morsitation</h1>
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<hw>Mor`si*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of biting or gnawing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Morsure</h1>
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<hw>Mor"sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>mordere</ets>, <ets>morsum</ets>, to bite.]</ety> <def>The act of biting.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Mort</h1>
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<hw>Mort</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>margt</ets>, neut. of <ets>margr</ets> many.]</ety> <def>A great quantity or number.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>There was a <b>mort</b> of merrymaking.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mort</h1>
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<hw>Mort</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etym. uncert.]</ety> <def>A woman; a female.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<blockquote>Male gypsies all, not a <b>mort</b> among them.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mort</h1>
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<hw>Mort</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A salmon in its third year.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Mort</h1>
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<hw>Mort</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., death, fr. L. <ets>mors</ets>, <ets>mortis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Death; esp., the death of game in the chase.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A note or series of notes sounded on a horn at the death of game.</def>

<blockquote>The sportsman then sounded a treble <b>mort</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The skin of a sheep or lamb that has died of disease.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<cs><col>Mort cloth</col>, <cd>the pall spread over a coffin; black cloth indicative or mourning; funeral hangings. <i>Carlyle</i>.</cd> -- <col>Mort stone</col>, <cd>a large stone by the wayside on which the bearers rest a coffin. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <i>H. Taylor</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mortal</h1>
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<hw>Mor"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mortel</ets>, L. <ets>mortalis</ets>, from <ets>mors</ets>, <ets>mortis</ets>, death, fr. <ets>moriri</ets> 8die; akin to E. <ets>murder</ets>. See <er>Murder</er>, and cf. <er>Filemot</er>, <er>Mere</er> a lake, <er>Mortgage</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Subject to death; destined to die; <as>as, man is <ex>mortal</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destructive to life; causing or occasioning death; terminating life; exposing to or deserving death; deadly; <as>as, a <ex>mortal</ex> wound; a <ex>mortal</ex> sin.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fatally vulnerable; vital.</def>

<blockquote>Last of all, against himself he turns his sword, but missing the <b>mortal</b> place, with his poniard finishes the work.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the time of death.</def>

<blockquote>Safe in the hand of one disposing Power,
Or in the natal or the <b>mortal</b> hour.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Affecting as if with power to kill; deathly.</def>

<blockquote>The nymph grew pale, and in a <b>mortal</b> fright.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Human; belonging to man, who is mortal; <as>as, <ex>mortal</ex> wit or knowledge; <ex>mortal</ex> power</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The voice of God
To <b>mortal</b> ear is dreadful.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Very painful or tedious; wearisome; <as>as, a sermon lasting two <ex>mortal</ex> hours</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Mortal foe</col>, <col>Mortal enemy</col></mcol>, <cd>an inveterate, desperate, or implacable enemy; a foe bent on one's destruction.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mortal</h1>
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<hw>Mor"tal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A being subject to death; a human being; man.</def> "Warn poor <i>mortals</i> left behind."

<i>Tickell.</i>

<h1>Mortality</h1>
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<hw>Mor*tal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mortalitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mortalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition or quality of being mortal; subjection to death or to the necessity of dying.</def>

<blockquote>When I saw her die,
I then did think on your <b>mortality</b>.
<i>Carew.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Human life; the life of a mortal being.</def>

<blockquote>From this instant
There 's nothing serious in <b>mortality</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Those who are, or that which is, mortal; the human cace; humanity; human nature.</def>

<blockquote>Take these tears, <b>mortality's</b> relief.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Death; destruction.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The whole sum or number of deaths in a given time or a given community; also, the proportion of deaths to population, or to a specific number of the population; death rate; <as>as, a time of great, or low, <ex>mortality</ex>; the <ex>mortality</ex> among the settlers was alarming.</as></def>

<cs><col>Bill of mortality</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bill</er>.</cd> -- <col>Law of mortality</col>, <cd>a mathematical relation between the numbers living at different ages, so that from a given large number of persons alive at one age, it can be computed what number are likely to survive a given number of years.</cd> -- <col>Table of mortality</col>, <cd>a table exhibiting the average relative number of persons who survive, or who have died, at the end of each year of life, out of a given number supposed to have been born at the same time.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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<h1>Mortalize</h1>
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<hw>Mor"tal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mortalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mortalizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make mortal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mortally</h1>
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<hw>Mor"tal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a mortal manner; so as to cause death; <as>as, <ex>mortally</ex> wounded</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the manner of a mortal or of mortal beings.</def>

<blockquote>I was <b>mortally</b> brought forth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In an extreme degree; to the point of dying or causing death; desperately; <as>as, <ex>mortally</ex> jealous</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Adrian <b>mortally</b> envied poets, painters, and artificers, in works wherein he had a vein to excel.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mortalness</h1>
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<hw>Mor"tal*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being mortal; mortality.</def>

<h1>Mortar</h1>
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<hw>Mor"tar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>morter</ets>, AS. <ets>mort\'c7re</ets>, L. <ets>mortarium</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mortier</ets> mortar. Cf. sense 2 (below), also 2d <er>Mortar</er>, <er>Martel</er>, <er>Morter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A strong vessel, commonly in form of an inverted bell, in which substances are pounded or rubbed with a pestle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>mortier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mortarium</ets> mortar (for trituarating).]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A short piece of ordnance, used for throwing bombs, carcasses, shells, etc., at high angles of elevation, as 45&deg;, and even higher; -- so named from its resemblance in shape to the utensil above described.</def>

<cs><col>Mortar bed</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a framework of wood and iron, suitably hollowed out to receive the breech and trunnions of a mortar.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Mortar boat</col> &or; <col>vessel</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a boat strongly built and adapted to carrying a mortar or mortars for bombarding; a bomb ketch.</cd> -- <col>Mortar piece</col>, <cd>a mortar. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mortar</h1>
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<hw>Mor"tar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mortier</ets>, F. <ets>mortier</ets>, L. <ets>mortarium</ets> mortar, a large basin or trough in which mortar is made, a mortar (in sense 1, above). See 1st <er>Mortar</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A building material made by mixing lime, cement, or plaster of Paris, with sand, water, and sometimes other materials; -- used in masonry for joining stones, bricks, etc., also for plastering, and in other ways.</def>

<cs><col>Mortar bed</col>, <cd>a shallow box or receptacle in which mortar is mixed.</cd> -- <col>Mortar board</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small square board with a handle beneath, for holding mortar; a hawk</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A cap with a broad, projecting, square top; -- worn by students in some colleges</cd>. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs><-- now worn usually only at graduation time -->

<h1>Mortar</h1>
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<hw>Mor"tar</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To plaster or make fast with mortar.</def>

<h1>Mortar</h1>
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<hw>Mor"tar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mortier</ets>. See <er>Mortar</er> a vessel.]</ety> <def>A chamber lamp or light.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mortgage</h1>
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<hw>Mort"gage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mort-gage</ets>; <ets>mort</ets> dead (L. <ets>mortuus</ets>) + <ets>gage</ets> pledge. See <er>Mortal</er>, and <er>Gage</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A conveyance of property, upon condition, as security for the payment of a debt or the preformance of a duty, and to become void upon payment or performance according to the stipulated terms; also, the written instrument by which the conveyance is made.</def>

<note>&hand; It was called a <i>mortgage</i> (or <i>dead pledge</i>) because, whatever profit it might yield, it did not thereby redeem itself, but became lost or <i>dead</i> to the mortgager upon breach of the condition. But in equity a <i>right of redemption</i> is an inseparable incident of a mortgage until the mortgager is debarred by his own laches, or by judicial decree.</note>

<i>Cowell. Kent.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>State of being pledged; <as>as, lands given in <ex>mortgage</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Chattel mortgage</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chattel</er>.</cd> -- <col>To foreclose a mortgage</col>. <cd>See under <er>Foreclose</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mortgage deed</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a deed given by way of mortgage.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mortgage</h1>
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<hw>Mort"gage</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mortgaged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mortgaging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To grant or convey, as property, for the security of a debt, or other engagement, upon a condition that if the debt or engagement shall be discharged according to the contract, the conveyance shall be void, otherwise to become absolute, subject, however, to the right of redemption.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: To pledge, either literally or figuratively; to make subject to a claim or obligation.</def>

<blockquote><b>Mortgaging</b> their lives to covetise.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I myself an <b>mortgaged</b> to thy will.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mortgagee</h1>
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<hw>Mort`ga*gee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person to whom property is mortgaged, or to whom a mortgage is made or given.</def>

<h1>Mortgageor, Mortgagor</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mort"gage*or</hw>, <hw>Mort"ga*gor</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who gives a mortgage.</def>

<note>&hand; The letter <i>e</i> is required analogically after the second <i>g</i> in order to soften it; but the spelling <i>mortgagor</i> is in fact the prevailing form. When the word is contradistinguished from <i>mortgagee</i> it is accented on the last syllable (<?/).</note>

<h1>Mortgager</h1>
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<hw>Mort"ga*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>gives a mortgage.</def>

<h1>Mortiferous</h1>
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<hw>Mor"tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mortifier</ets>; <ets>mors</ets>, <ets>mortis</ets>, death + <ets>ferre</ets> to bring: cf. F. <ets>mortif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bringing or producing death; deadly; destructive; <as>as, a <ex>mortiferous</ex> herb</as>.</def>

<i>Gov. of Tongue.</i>

<h1>Mortification</h1>
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<hw>Mor`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>mortificatio</ets> a killing. See <er>Mortify</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of mortifying, or the condition of being mortified</def>; especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The death of one part of an animal body, while the rest continues to live; loss of vitality in some part of a living animal; gangrene</def>. <i>Dunglison</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Alchem. & Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Destruction of active qualities; neutralization</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Bacon</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Subjection of the passions and appetites, by penance, absistence, or painful severities inflicted on the body.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>mortification</b> of our lusts has something in it that is troublesome, yet nothing that is unreasonable.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Hence: Deprivation or depression of self-approval; abatement or pride; humiliation; chagrin; vexation</def>.

<blockquote>We had the <b>mortification</b> to lose sight of Munich, Augsburg, and Ratisbon.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which mortifies; the cause of humiliation, chagrin, or vexation.</def>

<blockquote>It is one of the vexatious <b>mortifications</b> of a studious man to have his thoughts discovered by a tedious visit.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A gift to some charitable or religious institution; -- nearly synonymous with <i>mortmain</i>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Chagrin; vexation; shame. See <er>Chagrin</er>.</syn>

<h1>Mortified</h1>
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<hw>Mor"ti*fied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Mortify</er>.</def>

<h1>Mortifiedness</h1>
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<hw>Mor"ti*fied*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being mortified; humiliation; subjection of the passions.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mortifier</h1>
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<hw>Mor"ti*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, mortifies.</def>

<h1>Mortify</h1>
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<hw>Mor"ti*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mortified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mortifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>mortifien</ets>, F. <ets>mortifier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mortificare</ets>; L. <ets>mors</ets>, <ets>mortis</ets>, death + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>Mortal</er>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To destroy the organic texture and vital functions of; to produce gangrene in.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To destroy the active powers or essential qualities of; to change by chemical action.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Quicksilver is <b>mortified</b> with turpentine.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>mortified</b> pearls in vinegar.
<i>Hakewill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deaden by religious or other discipline, as the carnal affections, bodily appetites, or worldly desires; to bring into subjection; to abase; to humble.</def>

<blockquote>With fasting <b>mortified</b>, worn out with tears.
<i>Harte.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Mortify</b> thy learned lust.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Mortify</b>, rherefore, your members which are upon the earth.
<i>Col. iii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To affect with vexation, chagrin, or humiliation; to humble; to depress.</def>

<blockquote>The news of the fatal battle of Worcester, which exceedingly <b>mortified</b> our expectations.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How often is the ambitious man <b>mortified</b> with the very praises he receives, if they do not rise so high as he thinks they ought!
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mortify</h1>
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<hw>Mor"ti*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lose vitality and organic structure, as flesh of a living body; to gangrene.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To practice penance from religious motives; to deaden desires by religious discipline.</def>

<blockquote>This makes him ... give alms of all that he hath, watch, fast, and <b>mortify</b>.
<i>Law.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be subdued; to decay, as appetites, desires, etc.</def>

<h1>Mortifying</h1>
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<hw>Mor"ti*fy`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tending to mortify; affected by, or having symptoms of, mortification; <as>as, a <ex>mortifying</ex> wound; <ex>mortifying</ex> flesh.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Subduing the appetites, desires, etc.; <as>as, <ex>mortifying</ex> penances</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Tending to humble or abase; humiliating; <as>as, a <ex>mortifying</ex> repulse</as>.</def>

<h1>Mortifyingly</h1>
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<hw>Mor"ti*fy`ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a mortifying manner.</def>

<h1>Mortise</h1>
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<hw>Mor"tise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mortaise</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>mortaja</ets>, Ar. <ets>murtazz</ets> fixed, or W. <ets>mortais</ets>, Ir. <ets>mortis</ets>, <ets>moirtis</ets>, Gael. <ets>moirteis</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cavity cut into a piece of timber, or other material, to receive something (as the end of another piece) made to fit it, and called a <i>tenon</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Mortise and tenon</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>made with a mortise and tenon; joined or united by means of a mortise and tenon; -- used adjectively.</cd> -- <col>Mortise joint</col>, <cd>a joint made by a mortise and tenon.</cd> -- <col>Mortise lock</col>. <cd>See under <er>Lock</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mortise wheel</col>, <cd>a cast-iron wheel, with wooden clogs inserted in mortises on its face or edge; -- also called <altname>mortise gear</altname>, and <altname>core gear</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mortise</h1>
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<hw>Mor"tise</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mortised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mortising</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut or make a mortisein.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To join or fasten by a tenon and mortise; <as>as, to <ex>mortise</ex> a beam into a post, or a joist into a girder</as>.</def>

<h1>Mortling</h1>
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<hw>Mort"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Morling</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An animal, as a sheep, dead of disease or privation; a mortling.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wool plucked from a dead sheep; morling.</def>

<h1>Mortmain</h1>
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<hw>Mort"main`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mort</ets>, <ets>morte</ets>, dead + <ets>main</ets> hand; F. <ets>main-morte</ets>. See <er>Mortal</er>, and <er>Manual</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Possession of lands or tenements in, or conveyance to, dead hands, or hands that cannot alienate.</def>

<note>&hand; The term was originally applied to conveyance of land made to ecclesiastical bodies; afterward to conveyance made to <i>any</i> corporate body.</note>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Mortmal</h1>
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<hw>Mort"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mormal</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Mortpay</h1>
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<hw>Mort"pay`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mort</ets> dead + E. <ets>pay</ets>.]</ety> <def>Dead pay; the crime of taking pay for the service of dead soldiers, or for services not actually rendered by soldiers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Mortress, Mortrew</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mor"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mor"trew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mortar</er>.]</ety> <def>A dish of meats and other ingredients, cooked together; an ollapodrida.</def>

<i>Chaucer. Bacon.</i>

<h1>Mortuary</h1>
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<hw>Mor"tu*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mortuaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>mortuarium</ets>. See <er>Mortuary</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sort of ecclesiastical heriot, a customary gift claimed by, and due to, the minister of a parish on the death of a parishioner. It seems to have been originally a voluntary bequest or donation, intended to make amends for any failure in the payment of tithes of which the deceased had been guilty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A burial place; a place for the dead.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A place for the reception of the dead before burial; a deadhouse; a morgue.</def><-- a funeral home -->

<h1>Mortuary</h1>
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<hw>Mor"tu*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mortuarius</ets>, fr. <ets>mortuus</ets> dead: cf. F. <ets>mortuaire</ets>. See <er>Mortal</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the dead; <as>as, <ex>mortuary</ex> monuments</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Mortuary urn</col>, <cd>an urn for holding the ashes of the dead.</cd></cs>

<h1>Morula</h1>
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<hw>Mor"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Morul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>morum</ets> a mulberry.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The sphere or globular mass of cells (<i>blastomeres</i>), formed by the clevage of the ovum or egg in the first stages of its development; -- called also <altname>mulberry mass</altname>, <altname>segmentation sphere</altname>, and <altname>blastosphere</altname>. See <er>Segmentation</er>.</def>

<h1>Morulation</h1>
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<hw>Mor`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The process of cleavage, or segmentation, of the ovum, by which a morula is formed.</def>

<h1>Morus</h1>
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<hw>Mo"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., mulberry tree. See <er>Mulberry</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees, some species of which produce edible fruit; the mulberry. See <er>Mulberry</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; <col>Morus alba</col> is the white mulberry, a native of India or China, the leaves of which are extensively used for feeding silkworms, for which it furnishes the chief food. -- <col>Morus multicaulis</col>, the many-stemmed or Chinese mulberry, is only a form of white mulberry, preferred on account of its more abundant leaves. -- <col>Morus nigra</col>, the black mulberry, produces a dark-colored fruit, of an agreeable flavor.</note>

<h1>Morwe</h1>
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<hw>Mor"we</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Morrow</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Morwening</h1>
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<hw>Mor"wen*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Morning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mosaic</h1>
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<hw>Mo*sa"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mosa\'8bque</ets>; cf. Pr. <ets>mozaic</ets>, <ets>musec</ets>, Sp. & Pg. <ets>mosaico</ets>, It. <ets>mosaico</ets>, <ets>musaico</ets>, LGr. <?/, <?/, L. <ets>musivum</ets>; all fr. Gr. <?/ belonging to the Muses. See <er>Muse</er> the goddess.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A surface decoration made by inlaying in patterns small pieces of variously colored glass, stone, or other material; -- called also <altname>mosaic work</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A picture or design made in mosaic; an article decorated in mosaic.</def>

<h1>Mosaic</h1>
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<hw>Mo*sa"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the style of work called mosaic; formed by uniting pieces of different colors; variegated; tessellated; also, composed of various materials or ingredients.</def>

<blockquote>A very beautiful <b>mosaic</b> pavement.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Florentine mosaic</col>. <cd>See under <er>Florentine</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mosaic gold</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>See <er>Ormolu</er>.</cd> -- <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Stannic sulphide, <chform>SnS2</chform>, obtained as a yellow scaly crystalline powder, and used as a pigment in bronzing and gilding wood and metal work. It was called by the alchemists <altname>aurum musivum</altname>, or <altname>aurum mosaicum</altname>. Called also <altname>bronze powder</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Mosaic work</col>. <cd>See <er>Mosaic</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Mosaic</h1>
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<hw>Mo*sa"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Moses</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Moses, the leader of the Israelites, or established through his agency; <as>as, the <ex>Mosaic</ex> law, rites, or institutions</as>.</def>

<h1>Mosaical</h1>
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<hw>Mo*sa"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mosaic (in either sense).</def> "A <i>mosaical</i> floor."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Mosaically</h1>
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<hw>Mo*sa"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a mosaic.</def>

<h1>Mosaism</h1>
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<hw>Mo"sa*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Attachment to the system or doctrines of Moses; that which is peculiar to the Mosaic system or doctrines.</def>

<h1>Mosasaur, Mosasaurian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mos"a*saur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mos`a*sau"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>One of an extinct order of reptiles, including Mosasaurus and allied genera. See <er>Mosasauria</er>.</def>

<h1>Mosasauria</h1>
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<hw>Mos`a*sau"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Mosasaurus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An order of large, extinct, marine reptiles, found in the Cretaceous rocks, especially in America. They were serpentlike in form and in having loosely articulated and dilatable jaws, with large recurved tteth, but they had paddlelike feet. Some of them were over fifty feet long. They are, essentially, fossil sea serpents with paddles. Called also <altname>Pythonomarpha</altname>, and <altname>Mosasauria</altname>.</def>

<h1>Mosasaurus</h1>
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<hw>Mos`a*sau"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>Mosa</ets> the River Meuse (on which Meastricht is situated) + Gr. <?/ a lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of extinct marine reptiles allied to the lizards, but having the body much elongated, and the limbs in the form of paddles. The first known species, nearly fifty feet in length, was discovered in Cretaceous beds near Maestricht, in the Netherlands.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Mososaurus</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Moschatel</h1>
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<hw>Mos"cha*tel`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ musk: cf. F. <ets>moscatelline</ets>. See <er>Muscadel</er>, <er>Musk</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Adoxa</spn> (<spn>A. moschatellina</spn>), the flowers of which are pale green, and have a faint musky smell. It is found in woods in all parts of Europe, and is called also <altname>hollow root</altname> and <altname>musk crowfoot</altname>.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<h1>Moschine</h1>
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<hw>Mos"chine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to <spn>Moschus</spn>, a genus including the musk deer.</def>

<h1>Mosel</h1>
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<hw>Mos"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Muzzle</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Moselle</h1>
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<hw>Mo*selle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A light wine, usually white, produced in the vicinity of the river Moselle.</def>

<h1>Moses</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ses</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A large flatboat, used in the West Indies for taking freight from shore to ship.</def>

<h1>Mosk</h1>
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<hw>Mosk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mosque</er>.</def>

<h1>Moslem</h1>
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<hw>Mos"lem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Moslems</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <i>or collectively</i> <plw>Moslem</plw></plu>. <ety>[Ar. <ets>muslim</ets> a true believer in the Mohammedan faith, fr. <ets>salama</ets> to submit to God, to resign one's self to the divine will.  Cf. <er>Islam</er>, <er>Mussulman</er>.]</ety> <def>A Mussulman; an orthodox Mohammedan. <altsp>[Written also <asp>muslim</asp>.]</altsp></def> "Heaps of slaughtered <i>Moslem</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>They piled the ground with <b>Moslem</b> slain.
<i>Halleck.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
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<h1>Moslem</h1>
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<hw>Mos"lem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Mohammedans; Mohammedan; <as>as, <ex>Moslem</ex> lands; the <ex>Moslem</ex> faith.</as></def>

<h1>Moslings</h1>
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<hw>Mos"lings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Thin shreds of leather shaved off in dressing skins.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Mososaurus</h1>
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<hw>Mos`o*sau"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Mosasaurus</er>.</def>

<h1>Mosque</h1>
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<hw>Mosque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mosqu\'82e</ets>, Sp. <ets>mezquita</ets>, Ar. <ets>masjid</ets>, from <ets>sajada</ets> to bend, adore.]</ety> <def>A Mohammedan church or place of religious worship.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mosk</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mosquito</h1>
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<hw>Mos*qui"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mosquitoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp. <ets>mosquito</ets>, fr. <ets>mosca</ets>fly, L. <ets>musca</ets>. Cf. <er>Musket</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of various species of gnats of the genus <spn>Culex</spn> and allied genera. The females have a proboscis containing, within the sheathlike labium, six fine, sharp, needlelike organs with which they puncture the skin of man and animals to suck the blood. These bites, when numerous, cause, in many persons, considerable irritation and swelling, with some pain. The larv\'91 and pup\'91, called <i>wigglers</i>, are aquatic.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>musquito</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><mcol><col>Mosquito bar</col>, <col>Mosquito net</col></mcol>, <cd>a net or curtain for excluding mosquitoes, -- used for beds and windows.</cd> -- <col>Mosquito fleet</col>, <cd>a fleet of small vessels.</cd> -- <col>Mosquito hawk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a dragon fly; -- so called because it captures and feeds upon mosquitoes.</cd> -- <col>Mosquito netting</col>, <cd>a loosely-woven gauzelike fabric for making mosquito bars.</cd></cs>

<h1>Moss</h1>
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<hw>Moss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mos</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>me\'a2s</ets>, D. <ets>mos</ets>, G. <ets>moos</ets>, OHG. <ets>mos</ets>, <ets>mios</ets>, Icel. <ets>mosi</ets>, Dan. <ets>mos</ets>, Sw. <ets>mossa</ets>, Russ. <ets>mokh'</ets>, L. <ets>muscus</ets>. Cf. <er>Muscoid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A cryptogamous plant of a cellular structure, with distinct stem and simple leaves. The fruit is a small capsule usually opening by an apical lid, and so discharging the spores. There are many species, collectively termed <i>Musci</i>, growing on the earth, on rocks, and trunks of trees, etc., and a few in running water.</def>

<note>&hand; The term <i>moss</i> is also popularly applied to many other small cryptogamic plants, particularly <i>lichens</i>, species of which are called <i>tree moss</i>, <i>rock moss</i>, <i>coral moss</i>, etc. <i>Fir moss</i> and <i>club moss</i> are of the genus <spn>Lycopodium</spn>. See <cref>Club moss</cref>, under <er>Club</er>, and <er>Lycopodium</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bog; a morass; a place containing peat; <as>as, the <ex>mosses</ex> of the Scottish border</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Moss</i> is used with participles in the composition of words which need no special explanation; as, <i>moss</i>-capped, <i>moss</i>-clad, <i>moss</i>-covered, <i>moss</i>-grown, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Black moss</col>. <cd>See under <er>Black</er>, and <er>Tillandsia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bog moss</col>. <cd>See <er>Sphagnum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Feather moss</col>, <cd>any moss branched in a feathery manner, esp. several species of the genus <spn>Hypnum</spn>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Florida moss</col>, <col>Long moss</col>, &or; <col>Spanish moss</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Tillandsia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Iceland moss</col>, <cd>a lichen. See <er>Iceland Moss</er>.</cd> -- <col>Irish moss</col>, <cd>a seaweed. See <er>Carrageen</er>.</cd> -- <col>Moss agate</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of agate, containing brown, black, or green mosslike or dendritic markings, due in part to oxide of manganese. Called also <altname>Mocha stone</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Moss animal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bryozoan.</cd> -- <col>Moss berry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the small cranberry (<spn>Vaccinium Oxycoccus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Moss campion</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of mosslike catchfly (<spn>Silene acaulis</spn>), with mostly purplish flowers, found on the highest mountains of Europe and America, and within the Arctic circle.</cd> -- <col>Moss land</col>, <cd>land produced accumulation of aquatic plants, forming peat bogs of more or less consistency, as the water is grained off or retained in its pores.</cd> -- <col>Moss pink</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Phlox</spn> (<spn>P. subulata</spn>), growing in patches on dry rocky hills in the Middle United States, and often cultivated for its handsome flowers. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Moss rose</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of rose having a mosslike growth on the stalk and calyx. It is said to be derived from the Provence rose.</cd> -- <col>Moss rush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a rush of the genus <spn>Juncus</spn> (<spn>J. squarrosus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Scale moss</col>. <cd>See <er>Hepatica</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Moss</h1>
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<hw>Moss</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mossed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mossing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover or overgrow with moss.</def>

<blockquote>An oak whose boughs were <b>mossed</b> with age.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mossback</h1>
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<hw>Moss"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A veteran partisan; one who is so conservative in opinion that he may be likened to a stone or old tree covered with moss.</def> <mark>[Political Slang, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Mossbanker, Mossbunker</h1>
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<hw><hw>Moss"bank`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Moss"bunk`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The menhaded.</def>

<h1>Moss-grown</h1>
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<hw>Moss"-grown`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Overgrown with moss.</def>

<h1>Mossiness</h1>
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<hw>Moss"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being mossy.</def>

<h1>Mosstrooper</h1>
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<hw>Moss"troop`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Moss</ets> + <ets>trooper</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of a class of marauders or bandits that formerly infested the border country between England and Scotland; -- so called in allusion to the <i>mossy</i> or boggy character of much of the border country.</def>

<h1>Mossy</h1>
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<hw>Moss"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Mossier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Mossiest</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Overgrown with moss; abounding with or edged with moss; <as>as, <ex>mossy</ex> trees; <ex>mossy</ex> streams.</as></def>

<blockquote>Old trees are more <b>mossy</b> far than young.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling moss; <as>as, <ex>mossy</ex> green</as>.</def>

<h1>Most</h1>
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<hw>Most</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <tt>superl.</tt> of <er>More</er>. <ety>[OE. <ets>most</ets>, <ets>mast</ets>, <ets>mest</ets>, AS. <ets>m<?/st</ets>; akin to D. <ets>meest</ets>, OS. <ets>m\'c7st</ets>, G. <ets>meist</ets>, Icel. <ets>mestr</ets>, Goth. <ets>maists</ets>; a superl. corresponding to E. <ets>more</ets>. \'fb103. See <er>More</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of the greatest number or quantity; greater in number or quantity than all the rest; nearly all.</def> "<i>Most</i> men will proclaim every one his own goodness."

<i>Prov. xx. 6.</i>

<blockquote>The cities wherein <b>most</b> of his mighty works were done.
<i>Matt. xi. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Greatest in degree; <as>as, he has the <ex>most</ex> need of it</as>.</def> "In the <i>moste</i> pride."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Highest in rank; greatest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Most</i> is used as a noun, the words <i>part</i>, <i>portion</i>, <i>quantity</i>, etc., being omitted, and has the following meanings: <bold>1.</bold> The greatest value, number, or part; preponderating portion; highest or chief part. <bold>2.</bold> The utmost; greatest possible amount, degree, or result; especially in the phrases <i>to make the most of</i>, <i>at the most</i>, <i>at most</i>.</note>

<blockquote>A quarter of a year or some months <b>at the most</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A covetous man <b>makes the most of</b> what he has.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>For the most part</col>, <cd>in reference to the larger part of a thing, or to the majority of the persons, instances, or things referred to; as, human beings, <i>for the most part<i>, are superstitious; the view, <i>for the most part<i>, was pleasing.</cd> -- <col>Most an end</col>, <cd>generally. See <cref>An end</cref>, under <er>End</er>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "She sleeps <i>most an end<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Most</h1>
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<hw>Most</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m&aemac;st</ets>. See <er>Most</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>In the greatest or highest degree.</def>

<blockquote>Those nearest to this king, and <b>most</b> his favorites, were courtiers and prelates.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Placed before an adjective or adverb, <i>most</i> is used to form the superlative degree, being equivalent to the termination <i>-est</i>; as, <i>most</i> vile, <i>most</i> wicked; <i>most</i> illustrious; <i>most</i> rapidly. Formerly, and until after the Elizabethan period of our literature, the use of the double superlative was common. See <er>More</er>, <tt>adv.</tt></note>

<blockquote>The <b>most unkindest</b> cut of all.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>most straitest</b> sect of our religion.
<i>Acts xxvi. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mostahiba</h1>
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<hw>Mos`ta*hi"ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mustaiba</er>.</def>

<h1>Moste</h1>
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<hw>Mos"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs.imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Mote</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mostic, Mostick</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mos"tic</hw>, <hw>Mos"tick</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Maul-stick</er>.]</ety> <def>A painter's maul-stick.</def>

<h1>Mostly</h1>
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<hw>Most"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>For the greatest part; for the most part; chiefly; in the main.</def>

<h1>Mostra</h1>
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<hw>Mos"tra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Direct</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Mostwhat</h1>
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<hw>Most"what`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>For the most part.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "All the rest do <i>mostwhat</i> far amiss."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Mot</h1>
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<hw>Mot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Sing. pres. ind.</tt> <er>Mot</er>, <er>Mote</er>, <er>Moot</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>pl.</tt> <er>Mot</er>, <er>Mote</er>, <er>Moote</er>, <tt>pres. subj.</tt> <er>Mote</er>; <tt>imp.</tt> <er>Moste</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Must</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>May; must; might.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>moot</b> as well say one word as another
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The wordes <b>mote</b> be cousin to the deed.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Men <b>moot</b> [i.e., one only] give silver to the poore freres.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>So mote it be</col>, <cd>so be it; amen; -- a phrase in some rituals, as that of the Freemasons.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mot</h1>
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<hw>Mot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Motto</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A word; hence, a motto; a device.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<blockquote>Tarquin's eye may read the <b>mot</b> afar.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pithy or witty saying; a witticism.</def> <mark>[A Gallicism]</mark>

<blockquote>Here and there turns up a ... savage <b>mot</b>.
<i>N. Brit. Rev.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A note or brief strain on a bugle.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Motccil</h1>
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<hw>Mot"c*cil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>motacille</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any singing bird of the genus <spn>Motacilla</spn>; a wagtail.</def>

<h1>Motation</h1>
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<hw>Mo*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>motare</ets>, <ets>motatum</ets>, to keep moving.]</ety> <def>The act of moving; motion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mote</h1>
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<hw>Mote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt> <def>See 1st <er>Mot</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mote</h1>
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<hw>Mote</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Moot</er>, a meeting.]</ety> <mark>[Obs., except in a few combinations or phrases.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A meeting of persons for discussion; <as>as, a ward<ex>mote</ex> in the city of London</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A body of persons who meet for discussion, esp. about the management of affairs; <as>as, a folk<ex>mote</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A place of meeting for discussion.</def>

<cs><col>Mote bell</col>, <cd>the bell rung to summon to a <i>mote<i>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Mote</h1>
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<hw>Mote</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The flourish sounded on a horn by a huntsman. See <er>Mot</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3, and <er>Mort</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mote</h1>
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<hw>Mote</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mot</ets>, AS. <ets>mot</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small particle, as of floating dust; anything proverbially small; a speck.</def>

<blockquote>The little <b>motes</b> in the sun do ever stir, though there be no wind.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We are <b>motes</b> in the midst of generations.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Moted</h1>
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<hw>Mot"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Filled with motes, or fine floating dust; <as>as, the air</as>.</def> "<i>Moted</i> sunbeams."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Motet</h1>
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<hw>Mo*tet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a dim. of <ets>mot</ets> word; cf. It. <ets>mottetto</ets>, dim. of <ets>motto</ets> word, device. See <er>Mot</er>, <er>Motto</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A composition adapted to sacred words in the elaborate polyphonic church style; an anthem.</def>

<h1>Moth</h1>
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<hw>Moth</hw> <tt>(m&ocr;th)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mote.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Moth</h1>
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<hw>Moth</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Moths</plw> <tt>(m&ocr;thz)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>mothe</ets>, AS. <ets>mo&edh;&edh;e</ets>; akin to D. <ets>mot</ets>, G. <ets>motte</ets>, Icel. <ets>motti</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>mad</ets> an earthworm. Cf. <er>Mad</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Mawk</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any nocturnal lepidopterous insect, or any not included among the butterflies; <as>as, the luna <ex>moth</ex>; Io <ex>moth</ex>; hawk <ex>moth</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any lepidopterous insect that feeds upon garments, grain, etc.; <as>as, the clothes <ex>moth</ex>; grain <ex>moth</ex>; bee <ex>moth</ex></as>. See these terms under <er>Clothes</er>, <er>Grain</er>, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of various other insects that destroy woolen and fur goods, etc., esp. the larv\'91 of several species of beetles of the genera <spn>Dermestes</spn> and <spn>Anthrenus</spn>. Carpet moths are often the larv\'91 of Anthrenus. See <cref>Carpet beetle</cref>, under <er>Carpet</er>, <er>Dermestes</er>, <er>Anthrenus</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything which gradually and silently eats, consumes, or wastes any other thing.</def>

<cs><col>Moth blight</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any plant louse of the genus <spn>Aleurodes</spn>, and related genera. They are injurious to various plants.</cd> -- <col>Moth gnat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a dipterous insect of the genus <spn>Bychoda</spn>, having fringed wings.</cd> -- <col>Moth hunter</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the goatsucker.</cd> -- <col>Moth miller</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a clothes moth. See <er>Miller</er>, 3, <sd>(a)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Moth mullein</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a common herb of the genus <spn>Verbascum</spn> (<spn>V. Blattaria</spn>), having large wheel-shaped yellow or whitish flowers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Moth-eat</h1>
<Xpage=947>

<hw>Moth"-eat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To eat or prey upon, as a moth eats a garment.</def> <mark>[Rarely used except in the form <it>moth-eaten</it>, p.p. or a.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ruin and neglect have so <b>moth-eaten</b> her.
<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mothen</h1>
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<hw>Moth"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of moths.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fulke.</i>

<h1>Mother</h1>
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<hw>Moth"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>moder</ets>, AS. <ets>m\'d3dor</ets>; akin to D. <ets>moeder</ets>, OS. <ets>m\'d3dar</ets>, G. <ets>mutter</ets>, OHG. <ets>muotar</ets>, Icel. <ets>m\'d3&edh;ir</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>moder</ets>, OSlav. <ets>mati</ets>, Russ. <ets>mate</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>mathair</ets>, L. <ets>mater</ets>, Gr. <grk>mh`thr</grk>, Skr. <ets>m\'bet&rsdot;</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>m\'be</ets> to measure. \'fb268. Cf. <er>Material</er>, <er>Matrix</er>, <er>Metropolis</er>, <er>Father</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A female parent; especially, one of the human race; a woman who has borne a child.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which has produced or nurtured anything; source of birth or origin; generatrix.</def>

<blockquote>Alas! poor country! ... it can not
Be called our <b>mother</b>, but our grave.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I behold ... the solitary majesty of Crete, <b>mother</b> of a religion, it is said, that lived two thousand years.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An old woman or matron.</def> <mark>[Familiar]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The female superior or head of a religious house, as an abbess, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Hysterical passion; hysteria.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Mother Carey's chicken</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of small petrels, as the stormy petrel (<spn>Procellaria pelagica</spn>), and Leach's petrel (<spn>Oceanodroma leucorhoa</spn>), both of the Atlantic, and <spn>O. furcata</spn> of the North Pacific.</cd> -- <col>Mother Carey's goose</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the giant fulmar of the Pacific. See <er>Fulmar</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mother's mark</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a congenital mark upon the body; a n\'91vus.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mother</h1>
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<hw>Moth"er</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Received by birth or from ancestors; native, natural; <as>as, <ex>mother</ex> language</as>; also acting the part, or having the place of a mother; producing others; originating.</def>

<blockquote>It is the <b>mother</b> falsehood from which all idolatry is derived.
<i>T. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Mother cell</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>a cell which, by endogenous divisions, gives rise to other cells (daughter cells); a parent cell.</cd> -- <col>Mother church</col>, <cd>the original church; a church from which other churches have sprung; <as>as, the <ex>mother church<ex> of a diocese</as>.</cd> -- <col>Mother country</col>, <cd>the country of one's parents or ancestors; the country from which the people of a colony derive their origin.</cd> -- <col>Mother liquor</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the impure or complex residual solution which remains after the salts readily or regularly crystallizing have been removed.</cd> -- <col>Mother queen</col>, <cd>the mother of a reigning sovereign; a queen mother.</cd> -- <col>Mother tongue</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A language from which another language has had its origin</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The language of one's native land; native tongue.</cd> -- <col>Mother water</col>. <cd>See <cref>Mother liquor</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Mother wit</col>, <cd>natural or native wit or intelligence.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mother</h1>
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<hw>Moth"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mothered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mothering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To adopt as a son or daughter; to perform the duties of a mother to.</def>

<blockquote>The queen, to have put lady Elizabeth besides the crown, would have <b>mothered</b> another body's child.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mother</h1>
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<hw>Moth"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>modder</ets> mud, G. <ets>moder</ets> mold, mud, Dan. <ets>mudder</ets> mud, and to E. <ets>mud</ets>. See <er>Mud</er>.]</ety> <def>A film or membrane which is developed on the surface of fermented alcoholic liquids, such as vinegar, wine, etc., and acts as a means of conveying the oxygen of the air to the alcohol and other combustible principles of the liquid, thus leading to their oxidation.</def>

<note>&hand; The film is composed of a mass of rapidly developing micro\'94rganisms of the genus <spn>Mycoderma</spn>, and in the <cref>mother of vinegar</cref> the micro\'94rganisms (<spn>Mycoderma aceti</spn>) composing the film are the active agents in the Conversion of the alcohol into vinegar. When thickened by growth, the film may settle to the bottom of the fluid. See <cref>Acetous fermentation</cref>, under <er>Fermentation</er>.</note>

<h1>Mother</h1>
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<hw>Moth"er</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become like, or full of, mother, or thick matter, as vinegar.</def>

<h1>Mothered</h1>
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<hw>Moth"ered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Thick, like mother; viscid.</def>

<blockquote>They oint their naked limbs with <b>mothered</b> oil.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Motherhood</h1>
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<hw>Moth"er*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a mother; the character or office of a mother.</def>

<h1>Mothering</h1>
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<hw>Moth"er*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rural custom in England, of visiting one's parents on Midlent Sunday, -- supposed to have been originally visiting the mother church to make offerings at the high altar.</def>

<h1>Mother-in-law</h1>
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<hw>Moth"er-in-law`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The mother of one's husband or wife.</def>

<h1>Motherland</h1>
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<hw>Moth"er*land`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The country of one's ancestors; -- same as <altname>fatherland</altname>.</def>

<h1>Motherless</h1>
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<hw>Moth"er*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m\'d3dorle\'a0s</ets>.]</ety> <def>Destitute of a mother; having lost a mother; <as>as, <ex>motherless</ex> children</as>.</def>

<h1>Motherliness</h1>
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<hw>Moth"er*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being motherly.</def>

<h1>Motherly</h1>
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<hw>Moth"er*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m\'d3dorlic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a mother; like, or suitable for, a mother; tender; maternal; <as>as, <ex>motherly</ex> authority, love, or care</as>.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Maternal; paternal.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Motherly</er>, <er>Maternal</er>. <i>Motherly</i>, being Anglo-Saxon, is the most familiar word of the two when both have the same meaning. Besides this, <i>maternal</i> is confined to the feelings of a mother toward her <i>own</i> children, whereas <i>motherly</i> has a secondary sense, denoting a care <i>like</i> that of a mother for her offspring. There is, perhaps, a growing tendency thus to separate the two, confining <i>motherly</i> to the latter signification. "They termed her the great mother, for her <i>motherly</i> care in cherishing her brethren whilst young." <i>Sir W. Raleigh</i>.</usage>

<h1>Motherly</h1>
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<hw>Moth"er*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner of a mother.</def>

<h1>Mother-naked</h1>
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<hw>Moth"er-na`ked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Naked as when born.</def>

<h1>Mother-of-pearl</h1>
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<hw>Moth"er-of-pearl`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hard pearly internal layer of several kinds of shells, esp. of pearl oysters, river mussels, and the abalone shells; nacre. See <er>Pearl</er>.</def>

<h1>Mother-of-thyme</h1>
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<hw>Moth"er-of-thyme`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An aromatic plant (<spn>Thymus Serphyllum</spn>); -- called also <altname>wild thyme</altname>.</def>

<h1>Motherwort</h1>
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<hw>Moth"er*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A labiate herb (<spn>Leonurus Cardiaca</spn>), of a bitter taste, used popularly in medicine; lion's tail.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The mugwort. See <er>Mugwort</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="948">
Page 948<p>

<h1>Mothery</h1>
<Xpage=948>

<hw>Moth"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, containing, or resembling, mother (in vinegar).</def>

<h1>Mothy</h1>
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<hw>Moth"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Infested with moths; moth-eaten.</def> "An old <i>mothy</i> saddle."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Motif</h1>
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<hw>Mo"tif</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Motive.</def>

<h1>Motific</h1>
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<hw>Mo*tif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>motus</ets> motion (fr. <ets>movere</ets> to move) + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Producing motion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Motile</h1>
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<hw>Mo"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Motive</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having powers of self-motion, though unconscious; <as>as, the <ex>motile</ex> spores of certain seaweeds</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Producing motion; <as>as, <ex>motile</ex> powers</as>.</def>

<h1>Motility</h1>
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<hw>Mo*til"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>motilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Capability of motion; contractility.</def>

<h1>Motion</h1>
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<hw>Mo"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>motio</ets>, fr. <ets>movere</ets>, <ets>motum</ets>, to move. See <er>Move</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act, process, or state of changing place or position; movement; the passing of a body from one place or position to another, whether voluntary or involuntary; -- opposed to <i>rest</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Speaking or mute, all comeliness and grace
attends thee, and each word, each <b>motion</b>, forms.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Power of, or capacity for, motion.</def>

<blockquote>Devoid of sense and <b>motion</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Direction of movement; course; tendency; <as>as, the <ex>motion</ex> of the planets is from west to east</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In our proper <b>motion</b> we ascend.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Change in the relative position of the parts of anything; action of a machine with respect to the relative movement of its parts.</def>

<blockquote>This is the great wheel to which the clock owes its <b>motion</b>.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Movement of the mind, desires, or passions; mental act, or impulse to any action; internal activity.</def>

<blockquote>Let a good man obey every good <b>motion</b> rising in his heart, knowing that every such <b>motion</b> proceeds from God.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A proposal or suggestion looking to action or progress; esp., a formal proposal made in a deliberative assembly; <as>as, a <ex>motion</ex> to adjourn</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Yes, I agree, and thank you for your <b>motion</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An application made to a court or judge orally in open court. Its object is to obtain an order or rule directing some act to be done in favor of the applicant.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Change of pitch in successive sounds, whether in the same part or in groups of parts.</def>

<blockquote>The independent <b>motions</b> of different parts sounding together constitute counterpoint.
<i>Grove.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Conjunct motion</i> is that by single degrees of the scale. <i>Contrary motion</i> is that when parts move in opposite directions. <i>Disjunct motion</i> is motion by skips. <i>Oblique motion</i> is that when one part is stationary while another moves. <i>Similar</i> or <i>direct motion</i> is that when parts move in the same direction.</note>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A puppet show or puppet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What <b>motion</b>'s this? the model of Nineveh?
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Motion, in mechanics, may be simple or compound. <col>Simple motions</col> are: (<stype>a</stype>) <i>straight translation</i>, which, if of indefinite duration, must be reciprocating. (<stype>b</stype>) <i>Simple rotation</i>, which may be either continuous or reciprocating, and when reciprocating is called <i>oscillating</i>. (<stype>c</stype>) <i>Helical</i>, which, if of indefinite duration, must be reciprocating. <col>Compound motion</col> consists of combinations of any of the simple motions.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Center of motion</col>, <col>Harmonic motion</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Center</er>, <er>Harmonic</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Motion block</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>a crosshead.</cd> -- <col>Perpetual motion</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>an incessant motion conceived to be attainable by a machine supplying its own motive forces independently of any action from without.</cd></cs>
<-- impossible, according to the law of conservation of energy -->

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Movement</er>.</syn>

<h1>Motion</h1>
<Xpage=948>

<hw>Mo"tion</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Motioned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Motioning</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a significant movement or gesture, as with the hand; <as>as, to <ex>motion</ex> to one to take a seat</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make proposal; to offer plans.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Motion</h1>
<Xpage=948>

<hw>Mo"tion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To direct or invite by a motion, as of the hand or head; <as>as, to <ex>motion</ex> one to a seat</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To propose; to move.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I want friends to <b>motion</b> such a matter.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Motioner</h1>
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<hw>Mo"tion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes a motion; a mover.</def>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Motionist</h1>
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<hw>Mo"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mover.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Motionless</h1>
<Xpage=948>

<hw>Mo"tion*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without motion; being at rest.</def>

<h1>Motive</h1>
<Xpage=948>

<hw>Mo"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>motif</ets>, LL. <ets>motivum</ets>, from <ets>motivus</ets> moving, fr. L. <ets>movere</ets>, <ets>motum</ets>, to move. See <er>Move</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which moves; a mover.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which incites to action; anything prompting or exciting to choise, or moving the will; cause; reason; inducement; object.</def>

<blockquote>By <b>motive</b>, I mean the whole of that which <b>moves</b>, excites, or invites the mind to volition, whether that be one thing singly, or many things conjunctively.
<i>J. Edwards.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The theme or subject; a leading phrase or passage which is reproduced and varied through the course of a comor a movement; a short figure, or melodic germ, out of which a whole movement is develpoed. See also <i>Leading motive</i>, under <er>Leading</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>motivo</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>That which produces conception, invention, or creation in the mind of the artist in undertaking his subject; the guiding or controlling idea manifested in a work of art, or any part of one.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Incentive; incitement; inducement; reason; spur; stimulus; cause.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Motive</er>, <er>Inducement</er>, <er>Reason</er>. <i>Motive</i> is the word originally used in speaking of that which determines the choice. We call it an <i>inducement</i> when it is attractive in its nature. We call it a <i>reason</i> when it is more immediately addressed to the intellect in the form of argument.</usage>

<h1>Motive</h1>
<Xpage=948>

<hw>Mo"tive</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing motion; having power to move, or tending to move; <as>as, a <ex>motive</ex> argument; <ex>motive</ex> power</as>.</def> "<i>Motive</i> faculty."

<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i>

<cs><col>Motive power</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a natural agent, as water, steam, wind, electricity, etc., used to impart motion to machinery; a motor; a mover.</cd></cs>

<h1>Motive</h1>
<Xpage=948>

<hw>Mo"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To prompt or incite by a motive or motives; to move.</def>

<h1>Motiveless</h1>
<Xpage=948>

<hw>Mo"tive*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of a motive; not incited by a motive.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mo"tive*less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Motivity</h1>
<Xpage=948>

<hw>Mo*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Motive</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The power of moving or producing motion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of being influenced by motives.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Motivo</h1>
<Xpage=948>

<hw>Mo*ti"vo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Motive</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>See <er>Motive</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3, 4.</def>

<h1>Motley</h1>
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<hw>Mot"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mottelee</ets>, <ets>motle</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>mattel\'82</ets> clotted, curdled, OF, ciel <ets>mattonn\'82</ets> a mottled sky, <ets>mate</ets>, <ets>maton</ets>, curdled milk, Prov. G. <ets>matte</ets> curd. Cf. <er>Mottle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Variegated in color; consisting of different colors; dappled; party-colored; <as>as, a <ex>motley</ex> coat</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wearing motley or party-colored clothing. See <er>Motley</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</def> "A <i>motley</i> fool."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Composed of different or various parts; heterogeneously made or mixed up; discordantly composite; <as>as, <ex>motley</ex> style</as>.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Motley</h1>
<Xpage=948>

<hw>Mot"ley</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A combination of distinct colors; esp., the party-colored cloth, or clothing, worn by the professional fool.</def> <i>Chaucer</i>. "<i>Motley</i> 's the only wear." <i>Shak</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, a jester, a fool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Man of motley</col>, <cd>a fool.</cd> </cs><mark>[Obs.]</mark>  <i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Motley-minded</h1>
<Xpage=948>

<hw>Mot"ley-mind`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a mind of a jester; foolish.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Motmot</h1>
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<hw>Mot"mot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Momot</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of long-tailed, passerine birds of the genus <spn>Momotus</spn>, having a strong serrated beak. In most of the species the two long middle tail feathers are racket-shaped at the tip, when mature. The bird itself is said by some writers to trim them into this shape. They feed on insects, reptiles, and fruit, and are found from Mexico to Brazil. The name is derived from its note.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>momot</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Moto</h1>
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<hw>Mo"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Movement; manner of movement; particularly, movement with increased rapidity; -- used especially in the phrase <i>con moto</i>, directing to a somewhat quicker movement; <as>as, <ex>andante con moto</ex>, a little more rapidly than <ex>andante</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Moton</h1>
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<hw>Mo"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>A small plate covering the armpit in armor of the 14th century and later.</def>

<h1>Motor</h1>
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<hw>Mo"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>movere</ets>, <ets>motum</ets>, to move.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, imparts motion; a source of mechanical power.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A prime mover; a machine by means of which a source of power, as steam, moving water, electricity, etc., is made available for doing mechanical work.</def>

<h1>Motor, Motory, Motorial</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mo"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mo"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mo*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>motorius</ets> that has motion. See <er>Motor</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Causing or setting up motion; pertaining to organs of motion; -- applied especially in physiology to those nerves or nerve fibers which only convey impressions from a nerve center to muscles, thereby causing motion.</def>

<h1>Motorman</h1>
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<hw>Mo"tor*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A man who controls a motor.</def>

<h1>Motorpathic</h1>
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<hw>Mo`tor*path"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to motorpathy.</def>

<h1>Motorpathy</h1>
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<hw>Mo*tor"pa*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>motor</ets> a mover + Gr. <?/, <?/, to suffer.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Kinesiatrics.</def>

<h1>Motte</h1>
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<hw>Motte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>motte</ets> a clod, clump, or hillock.]</ety> <def>A clump of trees in a prairie.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Mottle</h1>
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<hw>Mot"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mottled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mottling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Mottled</er>.]</ety> <def>To mark with spots of different color, or shades of color, as if stained; to spot; to maculate.</def>

<h1>Mottle</h1>
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<hw>Mot"tle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mottled appearance.</def>

<h1>Mottled</h1>
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<hw>Mot"tled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Motley</er>.]</ety> <def>Marked with spots of different colors; variegated; spotted; <as>as, <ex>mottled</ex> wood</as>.</def> "The <i>mottled</i> meadows."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Motto</h1>
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<hw>Mot"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mottoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It. <ets>motto</ets> a word, a saying, L. <ets>muttum</ets> a mutter, a grunt, cf. <ets>muttire</ets>, <ets>mutire</ets>, to mutter, mumble; prob. of imitative origin. Cf. <er>Mot</er> a word.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A sentence, phrase, or word, forming part of an heraldic achievment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sentence, phrase, or word, prefixed to an essay, discourse, chapter, canto, or the like, suggestive of its subject matter; a short, suggestive expression of a guiding principle; a maxim.</def>

<blockquote>It was the <b>motto</b> of a bishop eminent for his piety and good works, ... "Serve God, and be cheerful."
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mottoed</h1>
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<hw>Mot"toed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bearing or having a motto; <as>as, a <ex>mottoed</ex> coat or device</as>.</def>

<h1>Motty</h1>
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<hw>Mot"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of, or consisting of, motes.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mottie</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>motty</b> dust reek raised by the workmen.
<i>H. Miller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mouchoir</h1>
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<hw>Mou`choir"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A handkerchief.</def>

<h1>Mouazzin</h1>
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<hw>Mou*az"zin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Muezzin</er>.</def>

<h1>Mouflon</h1>
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<hw>Mouf"lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mouflon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wild sheep (<spn>Ovis musimon</spn>), inhabiting the mountains of Sardinia, Corsica, etc. Its horns are very large, with a triangular base and rounded angles. It is supposed by some to be the original of the domestic sheep. Called also <altname>musimon</altname> or <altname>musmon</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>moufflon</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mought</h1>
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<hw>Mought</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>obs.imp.</tt> <def>of <er>May</er>. Might.</def>

<h1>Mouillation</h1>
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<hw>Mouil*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mouill\'82</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>The act of uttering the sound of a mouill\'82 letter.</def>

<h1>Mouill\'82</h1>
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<hw>Mouil`l\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., lit., wet.]</ety> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>Applied to certain consonants having a "liquid" or softened sound; <it>e.g.</it>, in French, <it>l</it> or <it>ll</it> and <it>gn</it> (like the <it>lli</it> in <i>million</i> and <it>ni</it> in <i>minion</i>); in Italian, <it>gl</it> and <it>gn</it>; in Spanish, <it>ll</it> and <it>\'a4</it>; in Portuguese, <it>lh</it> and <it>nh.</it></def>

<h1>Mould, Moulder, Mouldy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mould</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mould"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mould"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, etc.<hw><def>See <er>Mold</er>, <er>Molder</er>, <er>Moldy</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Moule</h1>
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<hw>Moule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>moulen</ets>. See <er>Mold</er>.]</ety> <def>To contract mold; to grow moldy; to mold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Let us not <b>moulen</b> thus in idleness.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mouline, Moulinet</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mou*line"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mou"li*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>moulinet</ets>, orig., a little mill, dim. of <ets>moulin</ets> mill. See <er>Mill</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The drum upon which the rope is wound in a capstan, crane, or the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A machine formerly used for bending a crossbow by winding it up.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In sword and saber exercises, a circular swing of the weawon.</def>

<h1>Moult</h1>
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<hw>Moult</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Molt</er>.</def>

<h1>Moulten</h1>
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<hw>Moult"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having molted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>moulten</i> raven."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Moun</h1>
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<hw>Moun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt>, <def><tt>pl.</tt> of <er>Mow</er>, may.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Mounch</h1>
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<hw>Mounch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To munch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mound</h1>
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<hw>Mound</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>monde</ets> the world, L. <ets>mundus</ets>. See <er>Mundane</er>.]</ety> <def>A ball or globe forming part of the regalia of an emperor or other sovereign. It is encircled with bands, enriched with precious stones, and surmounted with a cross; -- called also <altname>globe</altname>.</def>

<h1>Mound</h1>
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<hw>Mound</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mound</ets>, <ets>mund</ets>, protection, AS. <ets>mund</ets> protection, hand; akin to OHG. <ets>munt</ets>, Icel. <ets>mund</ets> hand, and prob. to L. <ets>manus</ets>. See <er>Manual</er>.]</ety> <def>An artificial hill or elevation of earth; a raised bank; an embarkment thrown up for defense; a bulwark; a rampart; also, a natural elevation appearing as if thrown up artificially; a regular and isolated hill, hillock, or knoll.</def>

<blockquote>To thrid the thickets or to leap the <b>mounds</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Mound bird</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Mound maker</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Mound builders</col> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>, <cd>the tribe, or tribes, of North American aborigines who built, in former times, extensive mounds of earth, esp. in the valleys of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. Formerly they were supposed to have preceded the Indians, but later investigations go to show that they were, in general, identical with the tribes that occupied the country when discovered by Europeans.</cd> -- <col>Mound maker</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of the megapodes.</cd> -- <col>Shell mound</col>, <cd>a mound of refuse shells, collected by aborigines who subsisted largely on shellfish. See <er>Midden</er>, and <er>Kitchen middens</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mound</h1>
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<hw>Mound</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mounded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mounding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To fortify or inclose with a mound.</def>

<h1>Mount</h1>
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<hw>Mount</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>munt</ets>, <ets>mont</ets>, <ets>mount</ets>, AS. <ets>munt</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mons</ets>, <ets>montis</ets>; cf. L. <ets>minae</ets> protections, E. <ets>eminent</ets>, <ets>menace</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mont</ets>. Cf. <er>Mount</er>, <tt>v.</tt>, <er>Mountain</er>, <er>Mont</er>, <er>Monte</er>, <er>Montem</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mass of earth, or earth and rock, rising considerably above the common surface of the surrounding land; a mountain; a high hill; -- used always instead of <i>mountain</i>, when put before a proper name; <as>as, <ex>Mount</ex> Washington</as>; otherwise, chiefly in poetry.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bulwark for offense or defense; a mound</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Hew ye down trees, and cast a <b>mount</b> against Jerusalem.
<i>Jer. vi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[See <er>Mont de pi\'82t\'82</er>.]</ety> <def>A bank; a fund.</def>

<cs><col>Mount of piety</col>. <cd>See <er>Mont de pi\'82t\'82</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mount</h1>
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<hw>Mount</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mounted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mounting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>mounten</ets>, <ets>monten</ets>, F. <ets>monter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mons</ets>, <ets>montis</ets>, mountain. See <er>Mount</er>, <tt>n.</tt> (above).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rise on high; to go up; to be upraised or uplifted; to tower aloft; to ascend; -- often with <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Though Babylon should <b>mount</b> up to heaven.
<i>Jer. li. 53.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The fire of trees and houses <b>mounts</b> on high.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To get up on anything, as a platform or scaffold; especially, to seat one's self on a horse for riding.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To attain in value; to amount.</def>

<blockquote>Bring then these blessings to a strict account,
Make fair deductions, see to what they <b>mount</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mount</h1>
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<hw>Mount</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To get upon; to ascend; to climb.</def>

<blockquote>Shall we <b>mount</b> again the rural throne?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place one's self on, as a horse or other animal, or anything that one sits upon; to bestride.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to mount; to put on horseback; to furnish with animals for riding; to furnish with horses.</def> "To <i>mount</i> the Trojan troop."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Hence: To put upon anything that sustains and fits for use, as a gun on a carriage, a map or picture on cloth or paper; to prepare for being worn or otherwise used, as a diamond by setting, or a sword blade by adding the hilt, scabbard, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To raise aloft; to lift on high.</def>

<blockquote>What power is it which <b>mounts</b> my love so high?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; A fort or ship is said to <i>mount</i> cannon, when it has them arranged for use in or about it.</note>

<cs><col>To mount guard</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to go on guard; to march on guard; to do duty as a guard.</cd> -- <col>To mount a play</col>, <cd>to prepare and arrange the scenery, furniture, etc., used in the play.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mount</h1>
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<hw>Mount</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Mount</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>That upon which a person or thing is mounted</def>, as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A horse.</def>

<blockquote>She had so good a seat and hand, she might be trusted with any <b>mount</b>.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cardboard or cloth on which a drawing, photograph, or the like is mounted; a mounting</def>.

<h1>Mountable</h1>
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<hw>Mount"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be mounted.</def>

<h1>Mountain</h1>
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<hw>Moun"tain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mountaine</ets>, <ets>montaine</ets>, F. <ets>montagne</ets>, LL. <ets>montanea</ets>, <ets>montania</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mons</ets>, <ets>montis</ets>, a mountain; cf. <ets>montanus</ets> belonging to a mountain. See 1st <er>Mount</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large mass of earth and rock, rising above the common level of the earth or adjacent land; earth and rock forming an isolated peak or a ridge; an eminence higher than a hill; a mount.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A range, chain, or group of such elevations; <as>as, the White <ex>Mountains</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A mountainlike mass; something of great bulk.</def>

<blockquote>I should have been a <b>mountain</b> of mummy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The Mountain</col> (<i>La montagne</i>) <fld>(French Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a popular name given in 1793 to a party of extreme Jacobins in the National Convention, who occupied the highest rows of seats.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="949">
Page 949<p>

<h1>Mountain</h1>
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<hw>Moun"tain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a mountain or mountains; growing or living on a mountain; found on or peculiar to mountains; among mountains; <as>as, a <ex>mountain</ex> torrent; <ex>mountain</ex> pines; <ex>mountain</ex> goats; <ex>mountain</ex> air; <ex>mountain</ex> howitzer.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Like a mountain; mountainous; vast; very great.</def>

<blockquote>The high, the <b>mountain</b> majesty of worth.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Mountain anthelope</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the goral.</cd> -- <col>Mountain ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an ornamental tree, the <spn>Pyrus (Sorbus) Americana</spn>, producing beautiful bunches of red berries. Its leaves are pinnate, and its flowers white, growing in fragrant clusters. The European species is the <spn>P. aucuparia</spn>, or rowan tree.</cd> -- <col>Mountain barometer</col>, <cd>a portable barometer, adapted for safe transportation, used in measuring the heights of mountains.</cd> -- <col>Mountain beaver</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the sewellel.</cd> -- <col>Mountain blue</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>blue carbonate of copper; azurite.</cd> -- <col>Mountain cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the catamount. See <er>Catamount</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mountain chain</col>, <cd>a series of contiguous mountain ranges, generally in parallel or consecutive lines or curves.</cd> -- <col>Mountain cock</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>capercailzie. See <er>Capercailzie</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mountain cork</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of asbestus, resembling cork in its texture.</cd> -- <col>Mountain crystal</col>. <cd>See under <er>Crystal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mountain damson</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a large tree of the genus <spn>Simaruba</spn> (<spn>S. amarga</spn>) growing in the West Indies, which affords a bitter tonic and astringent, sometimes used in medicine.</cd> -- <col>Mountain dew</col>, <cd>Scotch whisky, so called because often illicitly distilled among the mountains.</cd> <mark>[Humorous]</mark> -- <col>Mountain ebony</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small leguminous tree (<spn>Bauhinia variegata</spn>) of the East and West Indies; -- so called because of its dark wood. The bark is used medicinally and in tanning.</cd> -- <col>Mountain flax</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of asbestus, having very fine fibers; amianthus. See <er>Amianthus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mountain fringe</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>climbing fumitory. See under <er>Fumitory</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mountain goat</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Mazama</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mountain green</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Green malachite, or carbonate of copper</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Green earth</cref>, under <er>Green</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>Mountain holly</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a branching shrub (<spn>Nemopanthes Canadensis</spn>), having smooth oblong leaves and red berries. It is found in the Northern United States.</cd> -- <col>Mountain laurel</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American shrub (<spn>Kalmia latifolia</spn>) with glossy evergreen leaves and showy clusters of rose-colored or white flowers. The foliage is poisonous. Called also <altname>American laurel</altname>, <altname>ivy bush</altname>, and <altname>calico bush</altname>. See <er>Kalmia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mountain leather</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of asbestus, resembling leather in its texture.</cd> -- <col>Mountain licorice</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Trifolium</spn> (<spn>T. Alpinum</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Mountain limestone</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a series of marine limestone strata below the coal measures, and above the old red standstone of Great Britain. See <i>Chart<i> of <er>Geology</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mountain linnet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the twite.</cd> -- <col>Mountain magpie</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The yaffle, or green woodpecker</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The European gray shrike.</cd> -- <col>Mountain mahogany</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Mahogany</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mountain meal</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a light powdery variety of calcite, occurring as an efflorescence.</cd> -- <col>Mountain milk</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft spongy variety of carbonate of lime.</cd> -- <col>Mountain mint</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Mint</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mountain ousel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the ring ousel; -- called also <altname>mountain thrush</altname> and <altname>mountain colley</altname>. See <er>Ousel</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Mountain pride</col>, &or; <col>Mountain green</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree of Jamaica (<spn>Spathelia simplex</spn>), which has an unbranched palmlike stem, and a terminal cluster of large, pinnate leaves.</cd> -- <col>Mountain quail</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the plumed partridge (<spn>Oreortyx pictus</spn>) of California. It has two long, slender, plumelike feathers on the head. The throat and sides are chestnut; the belly is brown with transverse bars of black and white; the neck and breast are dark gray.</cd> -- <col>Mountain range</col>, <cd>a series of mountains closely related in position and direction.</cd> -- <col>Mountain rice</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An upland variety of rice, grown without irrigation, in some parts of Asia, Europe, and the United States</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An American genus of grasses (<spn>Oryzopsis</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Mountain rose</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of rose with solitary flowers, growing in the mountains of Europe (<spn>Rosa alpina</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Mountain soap</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy mineral, of a brownish color, used in crayon painting; saxonite.</cd> -- <col>Mountain sorrel</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a low perennial plant (<spn>Oxyria digyna</spn> with rounded kidney-form leaves, and small greenish flowers, found in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, and in high northern latitudes. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Mountain sparrow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European tree sparrow.</cd> -- <col>Mountain spinach</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Orach</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mountain tobacco</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a composite plant (<spn>Arnica montana</spn>) of Europe; called also <altname>leopard's bane</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Mountain witch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a ground pigeon of Jamaica, of the genus <spn>Geotrygon</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mountaineer</h1>
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<hw>Moun`tain*eer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>montanier</ets>, LL. <ets>montanarius</ets>. See <er>Mountain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inhabitant of a mountain; one who lives among mountains.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rude, fierce person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>No savage fierce, bandit, or <b>mountaineer</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mountaineer</h1>
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<hw>Moun`tain*eer"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lie or act as a mountaineer; to climb mountains.</def>

<blockquote>You can't go <b>mountaineering</b> in a flat country.
<i>H. James.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mountainer</h1>
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<hw>Moun"tain*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mountaineer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mountainet</h1>
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<hw>Moun"tain*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small mountain.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mountainous</h1>
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<hw>Moun"tain*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>montagneux</ets>, L. <ets>montaniosus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of, or containing, mountains; <as>as, the <ex>mountainous</ex> country of the Swiss</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inhabiting mountains.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Large as, or resembling, a mountain; huge; of great bulk; <as>as, a <ex>mountainous</ex> heap</as>.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Mountainousness</h1>
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<hw>Moun"tain*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being mountainous.</def>

<h1>Mountance</h1>
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<hw>Mount"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>montance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Amount; sum; quantity; extent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mountant</h1>
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<hw>Mount"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>montant</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>monter</ets>. See <er>Mount</er>, and cf. <er>Montant</er>.]</ety> <def>Raised; high.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mountebank</h1>
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<hw>Mount"e*bank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>montimbanco</ets>, <ets>montambanco</ets>; <ets>montare</ets> to mount + <ets>in</ets> in, upon + <ets>banco</ets> bench. See <er>Mount</er>, and 4th <er>Bank</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who mounts a bench or stage in the market or other public place, boasts of his skill in curing diseases, and vends medicines which he pretends are infalliable remedies; a quack doctor.</def>

<blockquote>Such is the weakness and easy credulity of men, that a <b>mountebank</b> ... is preferred before an able physician.
<i>Whitlock.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any boastful or false pretender; a charlatan; a quack.</def>

<blockquote>Nothing so impossible in nature but <b>mountebanks</b> will undertake.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mountebank</h1>
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<hw>Mount"e*bank</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cheat by boasting and false pretenses; to gull.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mountebank</h1>
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<hw>Mount"e*bank</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To play the mountebank.</def>

<h1>Mountebankery</h1>
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<hw>Mount"e*bank`er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practices of a mountebank; quackery; boastful and vain pretenses.</def>

<h1>Mountebankish</h1>
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<hw>Mount"e*bank`ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a mountebank or his quackery.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Mountebankism</h1>
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<hw>Mount"e*bank*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practices of a mountebank; mountebankery.</def>

<h1>Mounted</h1>
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<hw>Mount"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Seated or serving on horseback or similarly; <as>as, <ex>mounted</ex> police; <ex>mounted</ex> infantry.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Placed on a suitable support, or fixed in a setting; <as>as, a <ex>mounted</ex> gun; a <ex>mounted</ex> map; a <ex>mounted</ex> gem.</as></def>

<h1>Mountenaunce</h1>
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<hw>Mount"e*naunce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mountance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mounter</h1>
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<hw>Mount"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who mounts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An animal mounted; a monture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mounting</h1>
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<hw>Mount"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one that mounts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That by which anything is prepared for use, or set off to advantage; equipment; embellishment; setting; <as>as, the <ex>mounting</ex> of a sword or diamond</as>.</def>

<h1>Mountingly</h1>
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<hw>Mount"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ascending manner.</def>

<h1>Mountlet</h1>
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<hw>Mount"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small or low mountain.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mounty</h1>
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<hw>Mount"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mont\'82e</ets>, fr. <ets>monter</ets>. See <er>Mount</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>The rise of a hawk after prey.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Mourn</h1>
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<hw>Mourn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mourned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mourning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>murnan</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>mornian</ets>, OHG. <ets>mornen</ets>, Goth. <ets>ma\'a3rnan</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To express or to feel grief or sorrow; to grieve; to be sorrowful; to lament; to be in a state of grief or sadness.</def>

<blockquote>Abraham came to <b>mourn</b> for Sarah, and to weep for her.
<i>Gen. xxiii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wear the customary garb of a mourner.</def>

<blockquote>We <b>mourn</b> in black; why <b>mourn</b> we not in blood?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Grieve for an hour, perhaps, then <b>mourn</b> a year.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mourn</h1>
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<hw>Mourn</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grieve for; to lament; to deplore; to bemoan; to bewail.</def>

<blockquote>As if he <b>mourned</b> his rival's ill success.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And looking over the hills, I <b>mourn</b>
The darling who shall not return.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To utter in a mournful manner or voice.</def>

<blockquote>The lovelorn nightingale
Nightly to thee her sad song <b>mourneth</b> well.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Deplore</er>.</syn>

<h1>Mourne</h1>
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<hw>Mourne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Morne</er>.]</ety> <def>The armed or feruled end of a staff; in a sheephook, the end of the staff to which the hook is attached.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Mourner</h1>
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<hw>Mourn"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who mourns or is grieved at any misfortune, as the death of a friend.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>mourners</b> were two hosts, his friends and foes.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who attends a funeral as a hired mourner.</def>

<blockquote><b>Mourners</b> were provided to attend the funeral.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mournful</h1>
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<hw>Mourn"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of sorrow; expressing, or intended to express, sorrow; mourning; grieving; sad; also, causing sorrow; saddening; grievous; <as>as, a <ex>mournful</ex> person; <ex>mournful</ex> looks, tones, loss.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mourn"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mourn"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<syn>Syn. -- Sorrowful; lugubrious; sad; doleful; heavy; afflictive; grievous; calamitous.</syn>

<h1>Mourning</h1>
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<hw>Mourn"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>murnung</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of sorrowing or expressing grief; lamentation; sorrow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Garb, drapery, or emblems indicative of grief, esp. clothing or a badge of somber black.</def>

<blockquote>The houses to their tops with black were spread,
And ev'n the pavements were with <b>mourning</b> hid.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Deep mourning</col>. <cd>See under <er>Deep</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mourning</h1>
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<hw>Mourn"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Grieving; sorrowing; lamenting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Employed to express sorrow or grief; worn or used as appropriate to the condition of one bereaved or sorrowing; <as>as, <ex>mourning</ex> garments; a <ex>mourning</ex> ring; a <ex>mourning</ex> pin, and the like.</as></def>

<cs><col>Mourning bride</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a garden flower (<spn>Scabiosa atropurpurea</spn>) with dark purple or crimson flowers in flattened heads.</cd> -- <col>Mourning dove</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a wild dove (<spn>Zenaidura macroura</spn>) found throughout the United States; -- so named from its plaintive note. Called also <altname>Carolina dove</altname>. See <i>Illust<i>. under <er>Dove</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mourning warbler</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American ground warbler (<spn>Geothlypis Philadelphia</spn>). The male has the head, neck, and chest, deep ash-gray, mixed with black on the throat and chest; other lower parts are pure yellow.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mourningly</h1>
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<hw>Mourn"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a mourning manner.</def>

<h1>Mournival</h1>
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<hw>Mour"ni*val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Murnival</er>.</def>

<h1>Mouse</h1>
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<hw>Mouse</hw> <tt>(mous)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mice</plw> <tt>(m&imac;s)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>mous</ets>, <ets>mus</ets>, AS. <ets>m&umac;s</ets>, pl. <ets>m&ymac;s</ets>; akin to D. <ets>muis</ets>, G. <ets>maus</ets>, OHG. & Icel. <ets>m&umac;s</ets>, Dan. <ets>muus</ets>, Sw. <ets>mus</ets>, Russ. <ets>muishe</ets>, L. <ets>mus</ets>, Gr. <grk>my^s</grk>, Skr. <ets>m&umac;sh</ets> mouse, <ets>mush</ets> to steal. \'fb277. Cf. <er>Muscle</er>, <er>Musk</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of small rodents belonging to the genus <spn>Mus</spn> and various related genera of the family <spn>Murid\'91</spn>.  The common house mouse (<spn>Mus musculus</spn>) is found in nearly all countries. The American white-footed, or deer, mouse (<spn>Hesperomys leucopus</spn>) sometimes lives in houses. See <er>Dormouse</er>, <cref>Meadow mouse</cref>, under <er>Meadow</er>, and <cref>Harvest mouse</cref>, under <er>Harvest</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A knob made on a rope with spun yarn or parceling to prevent a running eye from slipping.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Same as 2d <er>Mousing</er>, 2.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A familiar term of endearment.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A dark-colored swelling caused by a blow.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A match used in firing guns or blasting.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Field mouse</col>, <col>Flying mouse</col></mcol>, etc. <cd>See under <er>Field</er>, <er>Flying</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Mouse bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a coly.</cd> -- <col>Mouse deer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a chevrotain, as the kanchil.</cd> -- <col>Mouse galago</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small West American galago (<spn>Galago murinus</spn>). In color and size it resembles a mouse. It has a bushy tail like that of a squirrel.</cd> -- <col>Mouse hawk</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A hawk that devours mice</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The hawk owl; -- called also <altname>mouse owl</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Mouse lemur</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of very small lemurs of the genus <spn>Chirogaleus</spn>, found in Madagascar.</cd> -- <col>Mouse piece</col> <fld>(Cookery)</fld>, <cd>the piece of beef cut from the part next below the round or from the lower part of the latter; -- called also <altname>mouse buttock</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mouse</h1>
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<hw>Mouse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Moused</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mousing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To watch for and catch mice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To watch for or pursue anything in a sly manner; to pry about, on the lookout for something.</def>

<h1>Mouse</h1>
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<hw>Mouse</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To tear, as a cat devours a mouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "[Death] <i>mousing</i> the flesh of men."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To furnish with a mouse; to secure by means of a mousing. See <er>Mouse</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Mouse-ear</h1>
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<hw>Mouse"-ear`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The forget-me-not (<spn>Myosotis palustris</spn>) and other species of the same genus.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A European species of hawkweed (<spn>Hieracium Pilosella</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>Mouse-ear chickweed</col>, <cd>a name of two common species of chickweed (<spn>Cerastium vulgarium</spn>, and <spn>C. viscosum</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Mouse-ear cress</col>, <cd>a low cruciferous herb (<spn>Sisymbrium Thaliana</spn>). All these are low herbs with soft, oval, or obovate leaves, whence the name.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mousefish</h1>
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<hw>Mouse"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Frogfish</er>.</def>

<h1>Mousehole</h1>
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<hw>Mouse"hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hole made by a mouse, for passage or abode, as in a wall; hence, a very small hole like that gnawed by a mouse.</def>

<h1>Mousekin</h1>
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<hw>Mouse"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little mouse.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Mouser</h1>
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<hw>Mous"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cat that catches mice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who pries about on the lookout for something.</def>

<h1>Mousetail</h1>
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<hw>Mouse"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of ranunculaceous plants (<spn>Myosurus</spn>), in which the prolonged receptacle is covered with imbricating achenes, and so resembles the tail of a mouse.</def>

<h1>Mousie</h1>
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<hw>Mous"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Diminutive for <er>Mouse</er>.</def>

<i>Burns.</i>

<h1>Mousing</h1>
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<hw>Mous"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Impertinently inquisitive; prying; meddlesome.</def> "<i>Mousing</i> saints."

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Mousing</h1>
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<hw>Mous"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of hunting mice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A turn or lashing of spun yarn or small stuff, or a metallic clasp or fastening, uniting the point and shank of a hook to prevent its unhooking or straighening out.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A ratchet movement in a loom.</def>

<cs><col>Mousing hook</col>, <cd>a hook with an attachment which prevents its unhooking.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mousle</h1>
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<hw>Mou"sle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sport with roughly; to rumple.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mouzle</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wycherley.</i>

<h1>Mousseline</h1>
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<hw>Mousse`line"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Muslin.</def>

<cs><col>Mousseline de laine</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[F., muslin of wool.]</ety> <cd>Muslin delaine. See under <er>Muslin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mousseline glass</col>, <cd>a kind of thin blown glassware, such as wineglasses, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Moustache</h1>
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<hw>Mous`tache"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Mustache.</def>

<h1>Mousy</h1>
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<hw>Mous"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Infested with mice; smelling of mice.</def>

<h1>Moutan</h1>
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<hw>Mou"tan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The Chinese tree peony (<spn>P\'91onia Mountan</spn>), a shrub with large flowers of various colors.</def>

<h1>Mouth</h1>
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<hw>Mouth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mouths</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>mouth</ets>, <ets>mu<?/</ets>, AS. <ets>m<?/<?/</ets>; akin to D. <ets>mond</ets>, OS. <ets>m<?/<?/</ets>, G. <ets>mund</ets>, Icel. <ets>mu<?/r</ets>, <ets>munnr</ets>, Sw. <ets>mun</ets>, Dan. <ets>mund</ets>, Goth. <ets>mun<?/s</ets>, and possibly L. <ets>mentum</ets> chin; or cf. D. <ets>muil</ets> mouth, muzzle, G. <ets>maul</ets>, OHG. <ets>m<?/la</ets>, Icel. <ets>m<?/li</ets>, and Skr. <ets>mukha</ets> mouth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The opening through which an animal receives food; the aperture between the jaws or between the lips; also, the cavity, containing the tongue and teeth, between the lips and the pharynx; the buccal cavity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> Hence: <def>An opening affording entrance or exit; orifice; aperture;</def> as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The opening of a vessel by which it is filled or emptied, charged or discharged; <as>as, the <ex>mouth</ex> of a jar or pitcher; the <ex>mouth</ex> of the lacteal vessels, etc.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The opening or entrance of any cavity, as a cave, pit, well, or den.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The opening of a piece of ordnance, through which it is discharged.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The opening through which the waters of a river or any stream are discharged.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>The entrance into a harbor.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Saddlery)</fld> <def>The crosspiece of a bridle bit, which enters the mouth of an animal.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A principal speaker; one who utters the common opinion; a mouthpiece.</def>

<blockquote>Every coffeehouse has some particular statesman belonging to it, who is the <b>mouth</b> of the street where he lives.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Cry; voice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Speech; language; testimony.</def>

<blockquote>That in the <b>mouth</b> of two or three witnesses every word may be established.
<i>Matt. xviii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A wry face; a grimace; a mow.</def>

<blockquote>Counterfeit sad looks,
Make <b>mouths</b> upon me when I turn my back.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Down in the mouth</col>, <cd>chapfallen; of dejected countenance; depressed; discouraged.</cd> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Mouth friend</col></mcol>, <cd>one who professes friendship insincerely. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Mouth glass</col>, <cd>a small mirror for inspecting the mouth or teeth.</cd> -- <col>Mouth honor</col>, <cd>honor given in words, but not felt. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Mouth organ</col>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Pan's pipes</cd>. See <er>Pandean</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An harmonicon.</cd> -- <col>Mouth pipe</col>, <cd>an organ pipe with a lip or plate to cut the escaping air and make a sound.</cd> -- <col>To stop the mouth</col>, <cd>to silence or be silent; to put to shame; to confound.</cd></cs>

<blockquote><b>The mouth</b> of them that speak lies shall be <b>stopped</b>.
<i>Ps. lxiii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whose <b>mouths</b> must be <b>stopped</b>.
<i>Titus i. 11.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
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Page 950<p>

<h1>Mouth</h1>
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<hw>Mouth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mouthed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mouthing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take into the mouth; to seize or grind with the mouth or teeth; to chew; to devour.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To utter with a voice affectedly big or swelling; to speak in a strained or unnaturally sonorous manner.</def> "<i>Mouthing</i> big phrases."

<i>Hare.</i>

<blockquote><b>Mouthing</b> out his hollow oes and aes.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To form or cleanse with the mouth; to lick, as a bear her cub.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make mouths at.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>R. Blair.</i>

<h1>Mouth</h1>
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<hw>Mouth</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To speak with a full, round, or loud, affected voice; to vociferate; to rant.</def>

<blockquote>I'll bellow out for Rome, and for my country,
And <b>mouth</b> at C\'91sar, till I shake the senate.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put mouth to mouth; to kiss.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make grimaces, esp. in ridicule or contempt.</def>

<blockquote>Well I know, when I am gone,
How she <b>mouths</b> behind my back.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mouthed</h1>
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<hw>Mouthed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Furnished with a mouth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a mouth of a particular kind; using the mouth, speech, or voice in a particular way; -- used only in composition; <as>as, wide-<ex>mouthed</ex>; hard-<ex>mouthed</ex>; foul-<ex>mouthed</ex>; mealy-<ex>mouthed</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Mouther</h1>
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<hw>Mouth"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who mouths; an affected speaker.</def>

<h1>Mouth-footed</h1>
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<hw>Mouth"-foot`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the basal joints of the legs converted into jaws.</def>

<h1>Mouthful</h1>
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<hw>Mouth"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mouthfuls</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>As much as is usually put into the mouth at one time.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, a small quantity.</def>

<h1>Mouthless</h1>
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<hw>Mouth"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>m&umac;&edh;le\'a0s</ets>.]</ety> <def>Destitute of a mouth.</def>

<h1>Mouth-made</h1>
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<hw>Mouth"-made`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Spoken without sincerity; not heartfelt.</def> "<i>Mouth-made</i> vows."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mouthpiece</h1>
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<hw>Mouth"piece`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The part of a musical or other instrument to which the mouth is applied in using it; <as>as, the <ex>mouthpiece</ex> of a bugle, or of a tobacco pipe</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An appendage to an inlet or outlet opening of a pipe or vessel, to direct or facilitate the inflow or outflow of a fluid.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who delivers the opinion of others or of another; a spokesman; <as>as, the <ex>mouthpiece</ex> of his party</as>.</def><-- hence (slang) a person's lawyer -->

<blockquote>Egmont was imprudent enough to make himself the <b>mouthpiece</b> of their remonstrance.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Movability</h1>
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<hw>Mov`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Movableness.</def>

<h1>Movable</h1>
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<hw>Mov"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>movable</ets>. See <er>Move</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being moved, lifted, carried, drawn, turned, or conveyed, or in any way made to change place or posture; susceptible of motion; not fixed or stationary; <as>as, a <ex>movable</ex> steam engine</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Changing from one time to another; <as>as, <ex>movable</ex> feasts, <it>i. e.</it>, church festivals, the date of which varies from year to year.</def>

<cs><col>Movable letter</col> <fld>(Heb. Gram.)</fld>, <cd>a letter that is pronounced, as opposed to one that is quiescent.</cd></cs>

<h1>Movable</h1>
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<hw>Mov"a*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Movables</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An article of wares or goods; a commodity; a piece of property not fixed, or not a part of real estate; generally, in the plural, goods; wares; furniture.</def>

<blockquote>Furnished with the most rich and princely <b>movables</b>.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rom. Law)</fld> <def>Property not attached to the soil.</def>

<note>&hand; The word is not convertible with <i>personal property</i>, since rents and similar incidents of the soil which are personal property by our law are immovables by the Roman law.</note>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Movableness</h1>
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<hw>Mov"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being movable; mobility; susceptibility of motion.</def>

<h1>Movably</h1>
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<hw>Mov"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a movable manner or condition.</def>

<h1>Move</h1>
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<hw>Move</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Moved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Moving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>moven</ets>, OF. <ets>moveir</ets>, F. <ets>mouvoir</ets>, L. <ets>movere</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ to change, exchange, go in or out, quit, Skr. <ets>m\'c6v</ets>, p.p. <ets>m&umac;ta</ets>, to move, push. Cf. <er>Emotion</er>, <er>Mew</er> to molt, <er>Mob</er>, <er>Mutable</er>, <er>Mutiny</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to change place or posture in any manner; to set in motion; to carry, convey, draw, or push from one place to another; to impel; to stir; <as>as, the wind <ex>moves</ex> a vessel; the horse <ex>moves</ex> a carriage.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chess, Checkers, etc.)</fld> <def>To transfer (a piece or man) from one space or position to another, according to the rules of the game; <as>as, to <ex>move</ex> a king</as>.</def>
<-- fld=board games -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To excite to action by the presentation of motives; to rouse by representation, persuasion, or appeal; to influence.</def>

<blockquote>Minds desirous of revenge were not <b>moved</b> with gold.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No female arts his mind could <b>move</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To arouse the feelings or passions of; especially, to excite to tenderness or compassion; to touch pathetically; to excite, as an emotion.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>When he saw the multitudes, he was <b>moved</b> with compassion on them.
<i>Matt. ix. 36.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[The use of images] in orations and poetry is to <b>move</b> pity or terror.
<i>Felton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To propose; to recommend; specifically, to propose formally for consideration and determination, in a deliberative assembly; to submit, as a resolution to be adopted; <as>as, to <ex>move</ex> to adjourn</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Let me but <b>move</b> one question to your daughter.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They are to be blamed alike who <b>move</b> and who decline war upon particular respects.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To apply to, as for aid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To stir; agitate; trouble; affect; persuade; influence; actuate; impel; rouse; prompt; instigate; incite; induce; incline; propose; offer.</syn>

<h1>Move</h1>
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<hw>Move</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To change place or posture; to stir; to go, in any manner, from one place or position to another; <as>as, a ship <ex>moves</ex> rapidly</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The foundations also of the hills <b>moved</b> and were shaken, because he was wroth.
<i>Ps. xviii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>On the green bank I sat and listened long, ...
Nor till her lay was ended could I <b>move</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act; to take action; to stir; to begin to act; <as>as, to <ex>move</ex> in a matter</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To change residence; to remove, as from one house, town, or state, to another.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Chess, Checkers, etc.)</fld> <def>To change the place of a piece in accordance with the rules of the game.</def>

<h1>Move</h1>
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<hw>Move</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of moving; a movement.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chess, Checkers, etc.)</fld> <def>The act of moving one of the pieces, from one position to another, in the progress of the game.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An act for the attainment of an object; a step in the execution of a plan or purpose.</def>

<cs><col>To make a move</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To take some action</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To move a piece, as in a game.</cd> -- <col>To be on the move</col>, <cd>to bustle or stir about. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Moveless</h1>
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<hw>Move`less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Motionless; fixed.</def> "<i>Moveless</i> as a tower."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Movement</h1>
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<hw>Move"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mouvement</ets>. See <er>Move</er>, and cf. <er>Moment</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of moving; change of place or posture; transference, by any means, from one situation to another; natural or appropriate motion; progress; advancement; <as>as, the <ex>movement</ex> of an army in marching or maneuvering; the <ex>movement</ex> of a wheel or a machine; the party of <ex>movement</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Motion of the mind or feelings; emotion.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Manner or style of moving; <as>as, a slow, or quick, or sudden, <ex>movement</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rhythmical progression, pace, and tempo of a piece.</def> "Any change of time is a change of <i>movement</i>." <i>Busby</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the several strains or pieces, each complete in itself, with its own time and rhythm, which make up a larger work; <as>as, the several <ex>movements</ex> of a suite or a symphony</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A system of mechanism for transmitting motion of a definite character, or for transforming motion; as, the wheelwork of a watch.</def>

<cs><col>Febrille movement</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an elevation of the body temperature; a fever.</cd> -- <col>Movement cure</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Kinesiatrics</er>.</cd> -- <col>Movement of the bowels</col>, <cd>an evacuation or stool; a passage or discharge.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Motion.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Movement</er>, <er>Motion</er>. <i>Motion</i> expresses a general idea of not being at rest; <i>movement</i> is oftener used to express a definite, regulated motion, esp. a progress.</usage>

<h1>Movent</h1>
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<hw>Mo"vent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>movens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>movere</ets>. See <er>Move</er>.]</ety> <def>Moving.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Movent</h1>
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<hw>Mo"vent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which moves anything.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mover</h1>
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<hw>Mov"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person or thing that moves, stirs, or changes place.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person or thing that imparts motion, or causes change of place; a motor.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who, or that which, excites, instigates, or causes movement, change, etc.; <as>as, <ex>movers</ex> of sedition</as>.</def>

<blockquote>These most poisonous compounds,
Which are the <b>movers</b> of a languishing death.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A proposer; one who offers a proposition, or recommends anything for consideration or adoption; <as>as, the <ex>mover</ex> of a resolution in a legislative body</as>.</def>

<h1>Moving</h1>
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<hw>Mov"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Changing place or posture; causing motion or action; <as>as, a <ex>moving</ex> car, or power</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exciting movement of the mind; adapted to move the sympathies, passions, or affections; touching; pathetic; <as>as, a <ex>moving</ex> appeal</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I sang an old <b>moving</b> story.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Moving force</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a force that accelerates, retards, or deflects the motion of a body.</cd> -- <col>Moving plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leguminous plant (<spn>Desmodium gyrans</spn>); -- so called because its leaflets have a distinct automatic motion.</cd></cs>

<h1>Moving</h1>
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<hw>Mov"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of changing place or posture; esp., the act of changing one's dwelling place or place of business.</def>

<cs><col>Moving day</col>, <cd>a day when one moves; esp., a day when a large number of tenants change their dwelling place.</cd></cs>

<h1>Movingly</h1>
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<hw>Mov"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a moving manner.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Movingness</h1>
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<hw>Mov"ing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The power of moving.</def>

<h1>Mow</h1>
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<hw>Mow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>moe</asp> and <asp>mowe</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[F. <ets>moue</ets> pouting, a wry face; cf. OD. <ets>mouwe</ets> the protruded lip.]</ety> <def>A wry face.</def> "Make <i>mows</i> at him."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mow</h1>
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<hw>Mow</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make mouths.</def>

<blockquote>Nodding, becking, and <b>mowing</b>.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mow</h1>
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<hw>Mow</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Mew</er>, a gull.</def>

<h1>Mow</h1>
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<hw>Mow</hw>, <tt>v.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>pres. sing.</tt> <er>Mow</er>, <tt>pl.</tt> <er>Mowe</er>, <er>Mowen</er>, <er>Moun</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>magan</ets>. See <er>May</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>May; can.</def> "Thou <i>mow</i> now escapen." <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Our walles <b>mowe</b> not make hem resistence.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mow</h1>
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<hw>Mow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Mowed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Mowed</er> or <er>Mown</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>mowen</ets>, <ets>mawen</ets>, AS. <ets>m\'bewan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>maaijen</ets>, G. <ets>m\'84hen</ets>, OHG. <ets>m\'bejan</ets>, Dan. <ets>meie</ets>, L. <ets>metere</ets> to reap, mow, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Math</er>, <er>Mead</er> a meadow, <er>Meadow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut down, as grass, with a scythe or machine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cut the grass from; <as>as, to <ex>mow</ex> a meadow</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cut down; to cause to fall in rows or masses, as in mowing grass; -- with <i>down</i>; <as>as, a discharge of grapeshot <ex>mows</ex> down whole ranks of men</as>.</def>

<h1>Mow</h1>
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<hw>Mow</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To cut grass, etc., with a scythe, or with a machine; to cut grass for hay.</def>

<h1>Mow</h1>
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<hw>Mow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mowe</ets>, AS. <ets>m<?/ga</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A heap or mass of hay or of sheaves of grain stowed in a barn.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The place in a barn where hay or grain in the sheaf is stowed.</def>

<h1>Mow</h1>
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<hw>Mow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lay, as hay or sheaves of grain, in a heap or mass in a barn; to pile and stow away.</def>

<h1>Mowburn</h1>
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<hw>Mow"burn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To heat and ferment in the mow, as hay when housed too green.</def>

<h1>Mowe</h1>
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<hw>Mowe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt> <def>See 4th <er>Mow</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Mowe</h1>
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<hw>Mowe</hw>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See 1st & 2d <er>Mow</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mower</h1>
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<hw>Mow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, mows; a mowing machine; <as>as, a lawn <ex>mower</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Mowing</h1>
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<hw>Mow"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who, or the operation of that which, mows.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Land from which grass is cut; meadow land.</def>

<cs><col>Mowing machine</col>, <cd>an agricultural machine armed with knives or blades for cutting standing grass, etc. It is drawn by a horse or horses, or propelled by steam.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mown</h1>
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<hw>Mown</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Cut down by mowing, as grass; deprived of grass by mowing; <as>as, a <ex>mown</ex> field</as>.</def>

<h1>Mowyer</h1>
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<hw>Mow"yer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mower.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Moxa</h1>
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<hw>Mox"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of Japan. <ets>mogusa</ets> (pronounced <ets>mongsa</ets>), an escharotic made from the plant <ets>yomigi</ets>: cf. F. <ets>moxa</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A soft woolly mass prepared from the young leaves of <spn>Artemisia Chinensis</spn>, and used as a cautery by burning it on the skin; hence, any substance used in a like manner, as cotton impregnated with niter, amadou.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant from which this substance is obtained, esp.  <spn>Artemisia Chinensis</spn>, and <spn>A. moxa</spn>.</def>

<h1>Moxie</h1>
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<hw>Mox"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[fr. Moxie, a trade name for a beverage.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>energy; pep</def>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>courage, determination</def>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Know-how, expertise</def>.

<i>MW10.</i>

<h1>Moya</h1>
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<hw>Moy"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mud poured out from volcanoes during eruptions; -- so called in South America.</def>

<h1>Moyle</h1>
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<hw>Moyle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Moil</er>, and <er>Moile</er>.</def>

<h1>Mozarab, Mozarabic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Moz"a*rab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Moz`a*rab"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <def>Same as <er>Muzarab</er>, <er>Muzarabic</er>.</def>

<h1>Mozetta, Mozzetta</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mo*zet"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Moz*zet"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>mozzetta</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mosette</ets>. Cf. <er>Amice</er> a hood or cape.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A cape, with a small hood; -- worn by the pope and other dignitaries of the Roman Catholic Church.</def>

<h1>Mr.</h1>
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<hw>Mr.</hw>. <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>The customary abbreviation of <i>Mister</i> in writing and printing. See <er>Master</er>, 4.</def>

<h1>Mrs.</h1>
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<hw>Mrs.</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def>The customary abbreviation of <i>Mistress</i> when used as a title of courtesy, in writing and printing.</def><-- abbr. of Misses -->

<h1>Mucamide</h1>
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<hw>Mu*cam"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Muc</ets>ic + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The acid amide of mucic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Mucate</h1>
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<hw>Mu"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of mucic acid.</def>

<h1>Muce</h1>
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<hw>Muce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Muse</er>, and <er>Muset</er>.</def>

<h1>Mucedin</h1>
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<hw>Mu*ce"din</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Mucus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellowish white, amorphous, nitrogenous substance found in wheat, rye, etc., and resembling gluten; -- formerly called also <altname>mucin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Much</h1>
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<hw>Much</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar. & superl. wanting, but supplied by</tt> <er>More</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, and <er>Most</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, from another root.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>moche</ets>, <ets>muche</ets>, <ets>miche</ets>, prob. the same as <ets>mochel</ets>, <ets>muchel</ets>, <ets>michel</ets>, <ets>mikel</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>micel</ets>, <ets>mycel</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/, fem. <?/, great, and Icel. <ets>mj\'94k</ets>, adv., much. \'fb103. See <er>Mickle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Great in quantity; long in duration; <as>as, <ex>much</ex> rain has fallen; <ex>much</ex> time.</as></def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt carry <b>much</b> seed out into the field, and shalt gather but little in.
<i>Deut. xxviii. 38.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Many in number.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Edom came out against him with <b>much</b> people.
<i>Num. xx. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>High in rank or position.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Much</h1>
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<hw>Much</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A great quantity; a great deal; also, an indefinite quantity; <as>as, you have as <ex>much</ex> as I</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He that gathered <b>much</b> had nothing over.
<i>Ex. xvi. 18.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Much</i>in this sense can be regarded as an adjective qualifying a word unexpressed, and may, therefore, be modified by <i>as</i>, <i>so</i>, <i>too</i>, <i>very</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thing uncommon, wonderful, or noticeable; something considerable.</def>

<blockquote>And [he] thought not <b>much</b> to clothe his enemies.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To make much of</col>, <cd>to treat as something of especial value or worth.</cd></cs>

<h1>Much</h1>
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<hw>Much</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>mj\'94k</ets>. See <er>Much</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To a great degree or extent; greatly; abundantly; far; nearly.</def> "<i>Much</i> suffering heroes."

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>Thou art <b>much</b> mightier than we.
<i>Gen. xxvi. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Excellent speech becometh not a fool, <b>much</b> less do lying lips a prince.
<i>Prov. xvii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Henceforth I fly not death, nor would prolong
Life <b>much</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All left the world <b>much</b> as they found it.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Muchel</h1>
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<hw>Much"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[\'fb103. See <er>Mickle</er>.]</ety> <def>Much.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Muchness</h1>
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<hw>Much"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Greatness; extent.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>The quantity and <b>muchness</b> of time which it filcheth.
<i>W. Whately.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Much of a muchness</col>, <cd>much the same. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "Men's men; gentle or simple, they 're <i>much of muchness<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Muchwhat</h1>
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<hw>Much"what`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Nearly; almost; much.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Muchwhat</i> after the same manner."

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Mucic</h1>
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<hw>Mu"cic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mucus</ets> mucus: cf. F. <ets>mucique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, gums and micilaginous substances; specif., denoting an acid obtained by the oxidation of gums, dulcite, etc., as a white crystalline substance isomeric with saccharic acid.</def>

<h1>Mucid</h1>
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<hw>Mu"cid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mucidus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mucus</ets> mucus. See <er>Mucus</er>, and cf. <er>Moist</er>.]</ety> <def>Musty; moldy; slimy; mucous.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mu"cid*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mucific</h1>
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<hw>Mu*cif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mucus</ets> + L. <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See  <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inducing or stimulating the secretion of mucus; blennogenous.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Secreting mucus.</def>

<h1>Muciform</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ci*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mucus</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Resembling mucus; having the character or appearance of mucus.</def>

<h1>Mucigen</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ci*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Muc</ets>in + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A substance which is formed in mucous epithelial cells, and gives rise to mucin.</def>

<h1>Mucigenous</h1>
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<hw>Mu*cig"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Connected with the formation of mucin; resembling mucin.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>mucigenous</b> basis is manufactured at the expense of the ordinary protoplasm of the cell.
<i>Foster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mucilage</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ci*lage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from L. <ets>mucilago</ets> a musty juice, fr. <ets>mucus</ets> mucus, slime. See <er>Mucus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot. Chem.)</fld> <def>A gummy or gelatinous substance produced in certain plants by the action of water on the cell wall, as in the seeds of quinces, of flax, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An aqueous solution of gum, or of substances allied to it; <as>as, medicinal <ex>mucilage</ex>; <ex>mucilage</ex> for fastening envelopes.</as></def>

<h1>Mucilaginous</h1>
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<hw>Mu`ci*lag"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mucilagineux</ets>. See <er>Mucilage</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Partaking of the nature of, or resembling, mucilage; moist, soft, and viscid; slimy; ropy; <as>as, a <ex>mucilaginous</ex> liquid</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of, pertaining to, or secreting, mucilage; <as>as, the <ex>mucilaginous</ex> glands</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Soluble in water, but not in alcohol; yielding mucilage; <as>as, <ex>mucilaginous</ex> gums or plants</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mu`ci*lag"i*nous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<hr>
<page="951">
Page 951<p>

<h1>Mucin</h1>
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<hw>Mu"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Mucus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot. Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mucedin</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An albuminoid substance which is contained in mucus, and gives to the latter secretion its peculiar ropy character. It is found in all the secretions from mucous glands, and also between the fibers of connective tissue, as in tendons. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Demilune</er>.</def>

<h1>Mucinogen</h1>
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<hw>Mu*cin"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mucin</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Mucigen</er>.</def>

<h1>Muciparous</h1>
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<hw>Mu*cip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mucus</ets> + L. <ets>parere</ets> to produce.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Secreting, or producing, mucus or mucin.</def>

<h1>Mucivore</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ci*vore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mucus</ets> slime, mucus + <ets>vorare</ets> to devour.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An unsect which feeds on mucus, or the sap of plants, as certain Diptera, of the tribe <i>Mucivora</i>.</def>

<h1>Muck</h1>
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<hw>Muck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, abbreviation of <i>Amuck</i>.</def>

<cs><col>To run a muck</col>. <cd>See <er>Amuck</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Muck</h1>
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<hw>Muck</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>myki</ets>; akin to D. <ets>m\'94g</ets>. Cf. <er>Midden</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dung in a moist state; manure.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Vegetable mold mixed with earth, as found in low, damp places and swamps.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything filthy or vile.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Money; -- in contempt.</def>

<blockquote>The fatal <b>muck</b> we quarreled for.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Muck bar</col>, <cd>bar iron which has been through the rolls only once.</cd> -- <col>Muck iron</col>, <cd>crude puddled iron ready for the squeezer or rollers. <i>Knight<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Muck</h1>
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<hw>Muck</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like muck; mucky; also, used in collecting or distributing muck; <as>as, a <ex>muck</ex> fork</as>.</def>

<h1>Muck</h1>
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<hw>Muck</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To manure with muck.</def>

<h1>Muckender</h1>
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<hw>Muck"en*der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>mocador</ets>. Cf. <er>Mokadour</er>.]</ety> <def>A handkerchief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>muckinder</asp>, <asp>muckiter</asp>, <asp>mockadour</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mucker</h1>
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<hw>Muck"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A term of reproach for a low or vulgar labor person.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Mucker</h1>
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<hw>Muck"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To scrape together, as money, by mean labor or shifts.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Muckerer</h1>
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<hw>Muck"er*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A miser; a niggard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Muckiness</h1>
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<hw>Muck"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being mucky.</def>

<h1>Muckle</h1>
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<hw>Muc"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mickle</er>.]</ety> <def>Much.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Muckmidden</h1>
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<hw>Muck"mid`den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dunghill.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Mucksy</h1>
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<hw>Muck"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat mucky; soft, sticky, and dirty; muxy.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>R. D. Blackmore.</i>

<h1>Muckworm</h1>
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<hw>Muck"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A larva or grub that lives in muck or manure; -- applied to the larv\'91 of the tumbledung and allied beetles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who scrapes together money by mean labor and devices; a miser.</def> "Misers are <i>muckworms</i>."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Mucky</h1>
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<hw>Muck"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Filthy with muck; miry; <as>as, a <ex>mucky</ex> road</as>.</def> "<i>Mucky</i> filth."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Vile, in a moral sense; sordid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote><b>Mucky</b> money and false felicity.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mucocele</h1>
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<hw>Mu"co*cele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mucus</ets> + Gr. <?/ tumor.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An enlargement or protrusion of the mucous membrane of the lachrymal passages, or dropsy of the lachrymal sac, dependent upon catarrhal inflammation of the latter.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Mucoid</h1>
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<hw>Mu"coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mucus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling mucus.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<cs><col>Mucoid degeneration</col>, <cd>a form of degeneration in which the tissues are transformed into a semisolid substance resembling mucus.</cd></cs>

<i>Quain.</i>

<h1>Muconate</h1>
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<hw>Mu"co*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of muconic acid.</def>

<h1>Muconic</h1>
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<hw>Mu*con"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mu</ets>cic + ita<ets>conic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid, obtained indirectly from mucic acid, and somewhat resembling itaconic acid.</def>

<h1>Mucopurulent</h1>
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<hw>Mu`co*pu"ru*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mucus</ets> + <ets>purulent</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having the character or appearance of both mucus and pus.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Mucor</h1>
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<hw>Mu"cor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>mucere</ets> to be moldy or musty.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of minute fungi. The plants consist of slender threads with terminal globular sporangia; mold.</def>

<h1>Mucosity</h1>
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<hw>Mu*cos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being mucous or slimy; mucousness.</def>

<h1>Mucous</h1>
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<hw>Mu"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mucosus</ets>, fr. <ets>mucus</ets> mucus.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, mucus; slimy, ropy, or stringy, and lubricous; <as>as, a <ex>mucous</ex> substance</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Secreting a slimy or mucigenous substance; <as>as, the <ex>mucous</ex> membrane</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Mucous membrane</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Membrane</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mucous patches</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>elevated patches found in the mucous membranes of the mouth and anus, usually due to syphilis.</cd> -- <col>Mucous tissue</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a form of connective tissue in an early stage of development, found in the umbilical cord and in the embryo, and also in certain tumors called <i>myxomata<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mucousness</h1>
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<hw>Mu"cous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being mucous; sliminess.</def>

<h1>Mucro</h1>
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<hw>Mu"cro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A minute abrupt point, as of a leaf; any small, sharp point or process, terminating a larger part or organ.</def>

<h1>Mucronate, Mucronated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mu"cro*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mu"cro*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mucronatus</ets>, fr. <ets>mucro</ets> a sharp point: cf. F. <ets>mucron\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ending abruptly in a sharp point; abruptly tipped with a short and sharp point; <as>as, a <ex>mucronate</ex> leaf</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mu"cro*nate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mucronulate</h1>
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<hw>Mu*cron"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having, or tipped with, a small point or points.</def>

<h1>Muculent</h1>
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<hw>Mu"cu*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>muculentus</ets>, fr. <ets>mucus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Slimy; moist, and moderately viscous.</def>

<h1>Mucus</h1>
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<hw>Mu"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mucus</ets>, <ets>muccus</ets>; cf. <ets>mucere</ets> 8be moldy or musty, Gr. <?/ mucus, and Skr. <ets>muc</ets> to release. Cf. <er>Match</er> for striking fire, <er>Moist</er>, <er>Mucilage</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A viscid fluid secreted by mucous membranes, which it serves to moisten and protect. It covers the lining membranes of all the cavities which open externally, such as those of the mouth, nose, lungs, intestinal canal, urinary passages, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Any other animal fluid of a viscid quality, as the synovial fluid, which lubricates the cavities of the joints; -- improperly so used.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A gelatinous or slimy substance found in certain alg\'91 and other plants.</def>

<h1>Mucusin</h1>
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<hw>Mu"cus*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Mucin.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mud</h1>
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<hw>Mud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to LG. <ets>mudde</ets>, D. <ets>modder</ets>, G. <ets>moder</ets> mold, OSw. <ets>modd</ets> mud, Sw. <ets>modder</ets> mother, Dan. <ets>mudder</ets> mud. Cf. <er>Mother</er> a scum on liquors.]</ety> <def>Earth and water mixed so as to be soft and adhesive.</def>

<cs><col>Mud bass</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fresh-water fish (<spn>Acantharchum pomotis</spn>) of the Eastern United States. It produces a deep grunting note.</cd> -- <col>Mud bath</col>, <cd>an immersion of the body, or some part of it, in mud charged with medicinal agents, as a remedy for disease.</cd> -- <col>Mud boat</col>, <cd>a large flatboat used in deredging.</cd> -- <col>Mud cat</col>. <cd>See <er>Catfish</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mud crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several American marine crabs of the genus <spn>Panopeus</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Mud dab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the winter flounder. See <er>Flounder</er>, and <er>Dab</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mud dauber</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a mud wasp.</cd> -- <col>Mud devil</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the fellbender.</cd> -- <col>Mud drum</col> <fld>(Steam Boilers)</fld>, <cd>a drum beneath a boiler, into which sediment and mud in the water can settle for removal.</cd> -- <col>Mud eel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a long, slender, aquatic amphibian (<spn>Siren lacertina</spn>), found in the Southern United States. It has persistent external gills and only the anterior pair of legs. See <er>Siren</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mud frog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European frog (<spn>Pelobates fuscus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Mud hen</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The American coot (<spn>Fulica Americana</spn>)</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The clapper rail.</cd> -- <col>Mud lark</col>, <cd>a person who cleans sewers, or delves in mud.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>Mud minnow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any small American fresh-water fish of the genus <spn>Umbra</spn>, as <spn>U. limi</spn>. The genus is allied to the pickerels.</cd> -- <col>Mud plug</col>, <cd>a plug for stopping the mudhole of a boiler.</cd> -- <col>Mud puppy</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the menobranchus.</cd> -- <col>Mud scow</col>, <cd>a heavy scow, used in dredging; a mud boat.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>Mud turtle</col>, <col>Mud tortoise</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of numerous species of fresh-water tortoises of the United States.</cd> -- <col>Mud wasp</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of numerous species of hymenopterous insects belonging to <spn>Pep\'91us</spn>, and allied genera, which construct groups of mud cells, attached, side by side, to stones or to the woodwork of buildings, etc. The female places an egg in each cell, together with spiders or other insects, paralyzed by a sting, to serve as food for the larva. Called also <altname>mud dauber</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mud</h1>
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<hw>Mud</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bury in mud.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make muddy or turbid.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mudar</h1>
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<hw>Mu"dar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>mad\'ber</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Either one of two asclepiadaceous shrubs (<spn>Calotropis gigantea</spn>, and <spn>C. procera</spn>), which furnish a strong and valuable fiber. The acrid milky juice is used medicinally.</def>

<h1>Mudarin</h1>
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<hw>Mu"da*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A brown, amorphous, bitter substance having a strong emetic action, extracted from the root of the mudar.</def>

<h1>Muddily</h1>
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<hw>Mud"di*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, In a muddy manner; turbidly; without mixture; cloudily; obscurely; confusedly.</def>

<h1>Muddiness</h1>
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<hw>Mud"di*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition or quality of being muddy; turbidness; foulness casued by mud, dirt, or sediment; <as>as, the <ex>muddiness</ex> of a stream</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Obscurity or confusion, as in treatment of a subject; intellectual dullness.</def>

<h1>Muddle</h1>
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<hw>Mud"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Muddled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Muddling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Mud</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make turbid, or muddy, as water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He did ill to <b>muddle</b> the water.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cloud or stupefy; to render stupid with liquor; to intoxicate partially.</def>

<blockquote>Epicurus seems to have had brains so <b>muddled</b> and confounded, that he scarce ever kept in the right way.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Often drunk, always <b>muddled</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To waste or misuse, as one does who is stupid or intoxicated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>They <b>muddle</b> it [money] away without method or object, and without having anything to show for it.
<i>Hazlitt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To mix confusedly; to confuse; to make a mess of; <as>as, to <ex>muddle</ex> matters</as>; also, to perplex; to mystify.</def>

<i>F. W. Newman.</i>

<h1>Muddle</h1>
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<hw>Mud"dle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dabble in mud.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To think and act in a confused, aimless way.</def>

<h1>Muddle</h1>
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<hw>Mud"dle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being turbid or confused; hence, intellectual cloudiness or dullness.</def>

<blockquote>We both grub on in a <b>muddle</b>.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Muddlehead</h1>
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<hw>Mud"dle*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stupid person.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <i>C. Reade</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Mud"dle-head`ed</wf>, <tt>a.</tt> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <i>Dickens.</i></wordforms>

<h1>Muddler</h1>
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<hw>Mud"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, muddles.</def>

<h1>Muddy</h1>
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<hw>Mud"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Muddier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Muddiest</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abounding in mud; besmeared or dashed with mud; <as>as, a <ex>muddy</ex> road or path; <ex>muddy</ex> boots.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Turbid with mud; <as>as, <ex>muddy</ex> water</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Consisting of mud or earth; gross; impure.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>muddy</b> vesture of decay.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Confused, as if turbid with mud; cloudy in mind; dull; stupid; also, immethodical; incoherent; vague.</def>

<blockquote>Cold hearts and <b>muddy</b> understandings.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Dost think I am so <b>muddy</b>, so unsettled.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Not clear or bright.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Muddy</h1>
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<hw>Mud"dy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Muddied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Muddying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To soil with mud; to dirty; to render turbid.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To cloud; to make dull or heavy.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Muddy-headed</h1>
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<hw>Mud"dy-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dull; stupid.</def>

<h1>Muddy-mettled</h1>
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<hw>Mud"dy-met`tled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dull-spirited.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mudfish</h1>
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<hw>Mud"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The European loach.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The bowfin.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The South American lipedosiren, and the allied African species (<spn>Protopterus annectens</spn>). See <er>Lipedosiren</er>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The mud minnow.</def>

<h1>Mudhole</h1>
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<hw>Mud"hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hole, or hollow place, containing mud, as in a road.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Steam Boilers)</fld> <def>A hole near the bottom, through which the sediment is withdrawn.</def>

<h1>Mudir</h1>
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<hw>Mu"dir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Moodir</er>.</def>

<h1>Mudsill</h1>
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<hw>Mud"sill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The lowest sill of a structure, usually embedded in the soil; the lowest timber of a house; also, that sill or timber of a bridge which is laid at the bottom of the water. See <er>Sill</er>.</def>

<h1>Mudsucker</h1>
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<hw>Mud"suck`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A woodcock.</def>

<h1>Mudwall</h1>
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<hw>Mud"wall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European bee-eater. See <er>Bee-eater</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>modwall</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mudwort</h1>
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<hw>Mud"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small herbaceous plant growing on muddy shores (<spn>Limosella aquatica</spn>).</def>

<h1>Mue</h1>
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<hw>Mue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To mew; to molt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Quarles.</i>

<h1>Muezzin</h1>
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<hw>Mu*ez"zin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar.]</ety> <def>A Mohammedan crier of the hour of prayer.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mouezzin</asp>, <asp>mueddin</asp>, and <asp>muwazzin</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Muff</h1>
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<hw>Muff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LG. <ets>muff</ets>, D. <ets>mof</ets>, G., Dan., & Sw. <ets>muff</ets>, F. <ets>moufle</ets> mitten, LL. <ets>muffula</ets>, MHG. <ets>mouwe</ets> sleeve, D. <ets>mouw</ets>, and E. <ets>muffle</ets>, v.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A soft cover of cylindrical form, usually of fur, worn by women to shield the hands from cold.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A short hollow cylinder surrounding an object, as a pipe.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Glass Manuf.)</fld> <def>A blown cylinder of glass which is afterward flattened out to make a sheet.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[Perhaps a different word; cf. Prov. E. <ets>maffle</ets> to slammer.]</ety> <def>A stupid fellow; a poor-spirited person.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "A <i>muff</i> of a curate."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <ety>[See 4.]</ety> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>A failure to hold a ball when once in the hands.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The whitethroat.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Muff</h1>
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<hw>Muff</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Muffed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Muffing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To handle awkwardly; to fumble; to fail to hold, as a ball, in catching it.</def>

<h1>Muffetee</h1>
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<hw>Muf`fe*tee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small muff worn over the wrist.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Muffin</h1>
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<hw>Muf"fin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Muff</er>.]</ety> <def>A light, spongy, cylindrical cake, used for breakfast and tea.</def>

<h1>Muffineer</h1>
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<hw>Muf`fin*eer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dish for keeping muffins hot.</def>

<h1>Muffish</h1>
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<hw>Muff"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Muff</er>, 4 & 5.]</ety> <def>Stupid; awkward.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Muffle</h1>
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<hw>Muf"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The bare end of the nose between the nostrils; -- used esp. of ruminants.</def>

<h1>Muffle</h1>
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<hw>Muf"fle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Muffled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Muffling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>moufle</ets> a mitten, LL. <ets>muffula</ets>, OD. <ets>moffel</ets> a muff. See <er>Muff</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wrap up in something that conceals or protects; to wrap, as the face and neck, in thick and disguishing folds; hence, to conceal or cover the face of; to envelop; to inclose; -- often with <i>up</i>.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>The face lies <b>muffled</b> up within the garment.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>muffled</b> with a cloud his mournful eyes.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Muffled</b> up in darkness and superstition.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prevent seeing, or hearing, or speaking, by wraps bound about the head; to blindfold; to deafen.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To wrap with something that dulls or deadens the sound of; <as>as, to <ex>muffle</ex> the strings of a drum, or that part of an oar which rests in the rowlock</as>.</def>

<h1>Muffle</h1>
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<hw>Muf"fle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>maffle</ets>, <ets>mumble</ets>, D. <ets>moffelen</ets>.]</ety> <def>To speak indistinctly, or without clear articulation.</def>

<h1>Muffle</h1>
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<hw>Muf"fle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>moufle</ets>, prop., a mitten, from the resemblance in shape. See <er>Muffle</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Muff</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything with which another thing, as an oar or drum, is muffled; also, a boxing glove; a muff.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>An earthenware compartment or oven, often shaped like a half cylinder, used in furnaces to protect objects heated from the direct action of the fire, as in scorification of ores, cupellation of ore buttons, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Ceramics)</fld> <def>A small oven for baking and fixing the colors of painted or printed pottery, without exposing the pottery to the flames of the furnace or kiln.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A pulley block containing several sheaves.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Muffler</h1>
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<hw>Muf"fler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything used in muffling; esp., a scarf for protecting the head and neck in cold weather; a tippet.</def>

<blockquote>Fortune is painted blind, with a <b>muffler</b> above her eyes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A cushion for terminating or softening a note made by a stringed instrument with a keyboard.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of mitten or boxing glove, esp. when stuffed.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who muffles.</def>

<h1>Muflon</h1>
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<hw>Muf"lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mouflon</er>.</def>

<h1>Mufti</h1>
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<hw>Muf"ti</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Muftis</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Ar. <ets>mufti</ets>.]</ety> <def>An official expounder of Mohammedan law.</def>

<h1>Mufti</h1>
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<hw>Muf"ti</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Citizen's dress when worn by a naval or military officer; -- a term derived from the British service in India.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Mug</h1>
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<hw>Mug</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Ir. <ets>mugam</ets> a mug, <ets>mucog</ets> a cup.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of earthen or metal drinking cup, with a handle, -- usually cylindrical and without a lip.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The face or mouth.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Muggard</h1>
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<hw>Mug"gard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>mucker</ets> a sulky person, <ets>muckish</ets> sullen, peevish, <ets>mucken</ets> to mutter, grumble.]</ety> <def>Sullen; displeased.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mugget</h1>
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<hw>Mug"get</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The small entrails of a calf or a hog.</def>

<h1>Mugginess</h1>
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<hw>Mug"gi*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or quality of being muggy.</def>

<h1>Muggish</h1>
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<hw>Mug"gish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Muggy</er>.</def>

<h1>Muggletonian</h1>
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<hw>Mug`gle*to"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of an extinct sect, named after Ludovic <i>Muggleton</i>, an English journeyman tailor, who (about 1657) claimed to be inspired.</def>

<i>Eadie.</i>

<h1>Muggy</h1>
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<hw>Mug"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Muggier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Muggiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>mugga</ets> mist, mugginess. Cf. 4th <er>Mold</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Moist; damp; moldy; <as>as, <ex>muggy</ex> straw</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Warm, damp, and close; <as>as, <ex>muggy</ex> air, weather</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="952">
Page 952<p>

<h1>Mughouse</h1>
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<hw>Mug"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An alehouse; a pothouse.</def>

<i>Tickel.</i>

<h1>Mugiency</h1>
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<hw>Mu"gi*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bellowing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mugient</h1>
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<hw>Mu"gi*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mugiens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>mugire</ets> to bellow.]</ety> <def>Lowing; bellowing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Mugil</h1>
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<hw>Mu"gil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a sort of fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fishes including the gray mullets. See <er>Mullet</er>.</def>

<h1>Mugiloid</h1>
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<hw>Mu"gi*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the genus Mugil, or family <spn>Mugilid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Mugweed</h1>
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<hw>Mug"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A slender European weed (<spn>Galium Cruciata</spn>); -- called also <altname>crossweed</altname>.</def>

<h1>Mugwort</h1>
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<hw>Mug"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>mucgwyrt</ets>. Cf. <er>Midge</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A somewhat aromatic composite weed (<spn>Artemisia vulgaris</spn>), at one time used medicinally; -- called also <altname>motherwort</altname>.</def>

<h1>Mugwump</h1>
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<hw>Mug"wump`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Algonquin <ets>mugquomp</ets> a chief.]</ety> <def>A bolter from the Republican party in the national election of 1884; an Independent.</def> <mark>[Political Cant, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Mugwumpery, Mugwumpism</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mug"wump`er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mug"wump*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The acts and views of the mugwumps.</def> <mark>[Political Cant, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Muhammadan, Muhammedan</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mu*ham"mad*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mu*ham"med*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Mohammedan.</def>

<h1>Muhammadanism</h1>
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<hw>Mu*ham"mad*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mohammedanism.</def>

<h1>Mulada</h1>
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<hw>Mu*la"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A moor.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Lockhart.</i>

<h1>Mulada</h1>
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<hw>Mu*la"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. Amer., fr. Sp. <ets>mulo</ets>, <ets>mula</ets>, a mule.]</ety> <def>A drove of mules.</def> <mark>[Southwest. U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Mulatto</h1>
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<hw>Mu*lat"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mulattoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp. & Pg. <ets>mulato</ets>, masc., <ets>mulata</ets>, fem., of a mixed breed, fr. <ets>mulo</ets> mule, L. <ets>mulus</ets>. See <er>Mule</er>.]</ety> <def>The offspring of a negress by a white man, or of a white woman by a negro, -- usually of a brownish yellow complexion.</def>

<h1>Mulattress</h1>
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<hw>Mu*lat"tress</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female mulatto.</def>

<i>G. W. Gable.</i>

<h1>Mulberry</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mulberries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>moolbery</ets>, <ets>murberie</ets>, AS. <ets>murberie</ets>, where the first part is fr. L. <ets>morum</ets> mulberry; cf. Gr. <?/, <?/. Cf. <er>Murrey</er>, <er>Sycamore</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The berry or fruit of any tree of the genus <spn>Morus</spn>; also, the tree itself. See <er>Morus</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dark pure color, like the hue of a black mulberry.</def>

<cs><col>Mulberry mass</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Morula</er>.</cd> -- <col>Paper mulberry</col>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Broussonetia papyrifera</spn>), related to the true mulberry, used in Polynesia for making tapa cloth by macerating and pounding the inner bark, and in China and Japan for the manufacture of paper. It is seen as a shade tree in America.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mulberry-faced</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ber*ry-faced`</hw> <tt>(-f&amac;st`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a face of a mulberry color, or blotched as if with mulberry stains.</def>

<h1>Mulch</h1>
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<hw>Mulch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>mull</ets> dirt, also Prov. G. <ets>mulsch</ets>, <ets>molsch</ets>, rotten, soft, mellow, as fruit.]</ety> <def>Half-rotten straw, or any like substance strewn on the ground, as over the roots of plants, to protect from heat, drought, etc., and to preserve moisture.</def>

<h1>Mulch</h1>
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<hw>Mulch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mulched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mulching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover or dress with mulch.</def>

<h1>Mulct</h1>
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<hw>Mulct</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mulcta</ets>, <ets>multa</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fine or penalty, esp. a pecuniary punishment or penalty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A blemish or defect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Amercement; forfeit; forfeiture; penalty.</syn>

<h1>Mulct</h1>
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<hw>Mulct</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mulcted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mulcting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>mulctare</ets>, <ets>multare</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To punish for an offense or misdemeanor by imposing a fine or forfeiture, esp. a pecuniary fine; to fine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to deprive of; to withhold by way of punishment or discipline.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mulctary, Mulctuary</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mulc"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mulc"tu*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Imposing a pecuniary penalty; consisting of, or paid as, a fine.</def>

<blockquote>Fines, or some known <b>mulctuary</b> punishments.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mule</h1>
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<hw>Mule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a she-mule, L. <ets>mula</ets>, fem. of <ets>mulus</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/, <?/. Cf. AS. <ets>m<?/l</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mulus</ets>. Cf. <er>Mulatto</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hybrid animal; specifically, one generated between an ass and a mare, sometimes a horse and a she-ass. See <er>Hinny</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; Mules are much used as draught animals. They are hardy, and proverbial for stubbornness.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant or vegetable produced by impregnating the pistil of one species with the pollen or fecundating dust of another; -- called also <altname>hybrid</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A very stubborn person.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A machine, used in factories, for spinning cotton, wool, etc., into yarn or thread and winding it into cops; -- called also <altname>jenny</altname> and <altname>mule-jenny</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Mule armadillo</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a long-eared armadillo <fld>(Tatusia hybrida)</fld>, native of Buenos Ayres; -- called also <altname>mulita</altname>. See <i>Illust<i>. under <er>Armadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mule deer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large deer (<spn>Cervus, &or; Cariacus, macrotis</spn>) of the Western United States. The name refers to its long ears.</cd> -- <col>Mule pulley</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>an idle pulley for guiding a belt which transmits motion between shafts that are not parallel.</cd> -- <col>Mule twist</col>, <cd>cotton yarn in cops, as spun on a mule; -- in distinction from yarn spun on a throstle frame.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mule-jenny</h1>
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<hw>Mule"-jen`ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mule</er>, 4.</def>

<h1>Muleteer</h1>
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<hw>Mu`le*teer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>muletier</ets>, fr. <ets>mulet</ets> a mule, dim. fr. L. <ets>mulus</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who drives mules.</def>

<h1>Mulewort</h1>
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<hw>Mule"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fern of the genus <spn>Hemionitis</spn>.</def>

<h1>Muley</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Sawmills)</fld> <def>A stiff, long saw, guided at the ends but not stretched in a gate.</def>

<cs><col>Muley axle</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a car axle without collars at the outer ends of the journals.</cd></cs>

<i>Forney.</i>

<h1>Muley</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mulley</er>.</def>

<h1>Muliebrity</h1>
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<hw>Mu`li*eb"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>muliebritas</ets>, fr. <ets>muliebris</ets> belonging to a woman, fr. <ets>mulier</ets> a woman.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being a woman or of possessing full womanly powers; womanhood; -- correlate of <i>virility</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Effeminancy; softness.</def>

<h1>Mulier</h1>
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<hw>Mu"li*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a woman.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A woman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Lawful issue born in wedlock, in distinction from an elder brother born of the same parents before their marriage; a lawful son.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Civ. Law)</fld> <def>A woman; a wife; a mother.</def>

<i>Blount. Cowell.</i>

<h1>Mulierly</h1>
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<hw>Mu"li*er*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner or condition of a mulier; in wedlock; legitimately.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mulierose</h1>
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<hw>Mu"li*er*ose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mulierosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fond of woman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Charles Reade.</i>

<h1>Mulierosity</h1>
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<hw>Mu`li*er*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mulierositas</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fondness for women.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Mulierty</h1>
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<hw>Mu"li*er*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Condition of being a mulier; position of one born in lawful wedlock.</def>

<h1>Mulish</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a mule; sullen; stubborn.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mul"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mul"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mull</h1>
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<hw>Mull</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. contr. fr. <ets>mossul</ets>. See <er>Muslin</er>.]</ety> <def>A thin, soft kind of muslin.</def>

<h1>Mull</h1>
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<hw>Mull</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>m<?/li</ets> a snout, muzzle, projecting crag; or cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>meall</ets> a heap of earth, a mound, a hill or eminence, W. <ets>moel</ets>. Cf. <er>Mouth</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A promontory; <as>as, the <ex>Mull</ex> of Cantyre</as>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A snuffbox made of the small end of a horn.</def>

<h1>Mull</h1>
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<hw>Mull</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. akin to <ets>mold</ets>. \'fb108. See <er>Mold</er>.]</ety> <def>Dirt; rubbish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Mull</h1>
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<hw>Mull</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mullen</ets>. See 2d <er>Muller</er>.]</ety> <def>To powder; to pulverize.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Mull</h1>
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<hw>Mull</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To work (over) mentally; to cogitate; to ruminate; -- usually with <i>over</i>; <as>as, to <ex>mull</ex> over a thought or a problem</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Mull</h1>
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<hw>Mull</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inferior kind of madder prepared from the smaller roots or the peelings and refuse of the larger.</def>

<h1>Mull</h1>
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<hw>Mull</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mulled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mulling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <ets>mulled</ets>, for <ets>mold</ets>, taken as a p.p.; OE. <ets>mold</ets>-ale funeral ale or banquet. See <er>Mold</er> soil.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To heat, sweeten, and enrich with spices; <as>as, to <ex>mull</ex> wine</as>.</def>

<blockquote>New cider, <b>mulled</b> with ginger warm.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dispirit or deaden; to dull or blunt.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mulla</h1>
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<hw>Mul"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Mollah</er>.</def>

<h1>Mullagatawny</h1>
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<hw>Mul`la*ga*taw"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Tamil <ets>milagu-tann\'c6r</ets> pepper water.]</ety> <def>An East Indian curry soup.</def>

<h1>Mullah</h1>
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<hw>Mul"lah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mollah</er>.</def>

<h1>Mullar</h1>
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<hw>Mul"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A die, cut in intaglio, for stamping an ornament in relief, as upon metal.</def>

<h1>Mullein</h1>
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<hw>Mul"lein</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>moleyn</ets>, AS. <ets>molegn</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the genus <spn>Verbascum</spn>. They are tall herbs having coarse leaves, and large flowers in dense spikes. The common species, with densely woolly leaves, is <spn>Verbascum Thapsus</spn>.</def>

<cs><col>Moth mullein</col>. <cd>See under <er>Moth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mullein foxglove</col>, <cd>an American herb (<spn>Seymeria macrophylla</spn>) with coarse leaves and yellow tubular flowers with a spreading border.</cd> -- <col>Petty mullein</col>, <cd>the cowslip. <i>Dr. Prior</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mullen</h1>
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<hw>Mul"len</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mullein</er>.</def>

<h1>Muller</h1>
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<hw>Mull"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, mulls.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vessel in which wine, etc., is mulled over a fire.</def>

<h1>Muller</h1>
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<hw>Mull"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mullen</ets> to pulverize, bruise; cf. Icel. <ets>mylja</ets>; prob. akin to E. <ets>mold</ets> soil. See <er>Mold</er> soil, and cf. <er>Mull</er> dirt.]</ety> <def>A stone or thick lump of glass, or kind of pestle, flat at the bottom, used for grinding pigments or drugs, etc., upon a slab of similar material.</def>

<h1>M\'81llerian</h1>
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<hw>M\'81l*le"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or discovered by, Johannes <i>M\'81ller</i>.</def>

<cs><col>M\'81llerian ducts</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a pair of embryonic ducts which give rise to the genital passages in the female, but disappear in the male.</cd> -- <col>M\'81llerian fibers</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the sustentacular or connective-tissue fibers which form the framework of the retina.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mullet</h1>
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<hw>Mul"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>molet</ets>, <ets>mulet</ets>, F. <ets>mulet</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mullus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous fishes of the genus Mugil; -- called also <altname>gray mullets</altname>. They are found on the coasts of both continents, and are highly esteemed as food. Among the most valuable species are <stype><spn>Mugil capito</spn></stype> of Europe, and <stype><spn>M. cephalus</spn></stype> which occurs both on the European and American coasts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of the genus <spn>Mullus</spn>, or family <spn>Mullid\'91</spn>; called also <altname>red mullet</altname>, and <altname>surmullet</altname>, esp. the plain surmullet (<spn>Mullus barbatus</spn>), and the striped surmullet (<spn>M. surmulletus</spn>) of Southern Europe. The former is the mullet of the Romans. It is noted for the brilliancy of its colors. See <er>Surmullet</er>.</def>

<cs><col>French mullet</col>. <cd>See <er>Ladyfish</er> <sd>(a)</sd>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mullet</h1>
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<hw>Mul"let</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>molette</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A star, usually five pointed and pierced; -- when used as a difference it indicates the third son.</def>

<h1>Mullet</h1>
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<hw>Mul"let</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>molet</ets> a sort of pinchers.]</ety> <def>Small pinchers for curling the hair.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Mulley, Moolley</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mul"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mool"ley</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[CF. Gael. <ets>maolag</ets> a hornless cow, <ets>maol</ets> bald, hornless, blunt.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mulley or polled animal.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cow.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.; U.S., a child's word.]</mark>

<blockquote>Leave milking and dry up old <b>mulley</b>, thy cow.
<i>Tusser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mulley, Moolley</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mul"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mool"ley</hw><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of horns, although belonging to a species of animals most of which have horns; hornless; polled; <as>as, <ex>mulley</ex> cattle; a <ex>mulley</ex> (or <ex>moolley</ex>) cow.</as></def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>muley</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mulligatawny</h1>
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<hw>Mul`li*ga*taw"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mullagatawny</er>.</def>

<h1>Mulligrubs</h1>
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<hw>Mul"li*grubs</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E. <ets>mull</ets> to squeeze, pull about, <ets>mulling</ets> numb or dull.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A griping of the intestines; colic.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<blockquote>Whose dog lies sick of the <b>mulligrubs</b>?
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, sullenness; the sulks.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Mullingong</h1>
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<hw>Mul"lin*gong</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Duck mole</cref>, under <er>Duck</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mollingong</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mullion</h1>
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<hw>Mul"lion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>munnion</ets>, F. <ets>moignon</ets> stump of an amputated limb, stump, OF. <ets>moing</ets> mutilated; cf. Armor. <ets>mo\'a4</ets>, <ets>mou\'a4</ets>, <ets>mank</ets>, <ets>monk</ets>, and also L. <ets>mancus</ets> maimed.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A slender bar or pier which forms the division between the lights of windows, screens, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An upright member of a framing. See <er>Stile</er>.</def>

<h1>Mullion</h1>
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<hw>Mul"lion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with mullions; to divide by mullions.</def>

<h1>Mullock</h1>
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<hw>Mul"lock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Mull</er> dirt: cf. Scot. <ets>mulloch</ets>, <ets>mulock</ets>, crumb. \'fb108.]</ety> <def>Rubbish; refuse; dirt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All this <b>mullok</b> [was] in a sieve ythrowe.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mulliod</h1>
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<hw>Mul"liod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Mullus</ets>, generic name (fr. L. <ets>mullus</ets> surmullet) + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the genus <spn>Mullus</spn>, which includes the surmullet, or red mullet.</def>

<h1>Mulmul</h1>
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<hw>Mul"mul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fine, soft muslin; mull.</def>

<h1>Mulse</h1>
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<hw>Mulse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mulsum</ets> (sc. <ets>vinum</ets>), fr. <ets>mulsus</ets> mixed with honey, honey-sweet, p.p. of <ets>mulcere</ets> to sweeten, soften.]</ety> <def>Wine boiled and mingled with honey.</def>

<h1>Mult-</h1>
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<hw>Mult-</hw>. <def>See <er>Multi-</er>.</def>

<h1>Multangular</h1>
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<hw>Mul*tan"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multangulus</ets>; <ets>multus</ets> much, many + <ets>angulus</ets> angle: cf. F. <ets>multangulaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many angles.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mul*tan"gu*lar*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mul*tan"gu*lar*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Multanimous</h1>
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<hw>Mul*tan"i*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mult-</ets> + L. <ets>animus</ets> mind.]</ety> <def>Many-minded; many-sided.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>multanimous</b> nature of the poet.
<i>J. R. Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Multarticulate</h1>
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<hw>Mul`tar*tic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mult-</ets> + <ets>articulate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many articulations or joints.</def>

<h1>Multeity</h1>
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<hw>Mul*te"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multus</ets> much, many.]</ety> <def>Multiplicity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Multi-, Mult-</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mul"ti-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mult-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <ety>[L. <ets>multus</ets> much.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying <i>much</i> or <i>many</i>; <i>several</i>; <i>more than one</i>; <as>as, <ex>multi</ex>axial, <ex>mult</ex>ocular</as>.</def>

<h1>Multiaxial</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*ax"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>axial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having more than one axis; developing in more than a single line or plain; -- opposed to <ant>monoaxial</ant>.</def>

<h1>Multicapsular</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*cap"su*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>capsular</ets>: cf. F. <ets>multicapsulaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having many, or several, capsules.</def>

<h1>Multicarinate</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*car"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>carinate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Many-keeled.</def>

<h1>Multicavous</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*ca"vous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multicavus</ets>; <ets>multus</ets> much, many + <ets>cavum</ets>, <ets>cavus</ets>, a cavity, hole, fr. <ets>cavus</ets> hollow.]</ety> <def>Having many cavities.</def>

<h1>Multicellular</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*cel"lu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, or having, many cells or more than one cell.</def>

<h1>Multicentral</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*cen"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>central</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many, or several, centers; <as>as, a <ex>multicentral</ex> cell</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Multicental development</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>growth, or development, from several centers. According as the insubordination to a single center is more or less pronounced, the resultant organism will be more or less irregular in form and may even discontinuous.</cd></cs>

<h1>Multicipital</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*cip"i*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + L. <ets>caput</ets> head.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having many heads or many stems from one crown or root.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Multicolor</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ti*col`or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Multi-</er>, and <er>Color</er>.]</ety> <def>Having many, or several, colors.</def>

<h1>Multicostate</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*cos"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>costate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having numerous ribs, or cost\'91, as the leaf of a plant, or as certain shells and corals.</def>

<h1>Multicuspid</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*cus"pid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <ets>Multi-</ets>, and <ets>Cuspid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Multicuspidate; -- said of teeth.</def>

<h1>Multicuspidate</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*cus"pi*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>cuspidate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many cusps or points.</def>

<h1>Multidentate</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*den"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>dentate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many teeth, or toothlike processes.</def>

<h1>Multidigitate</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*dig"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>digitate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many fingers, or fingerlike processes.</def>

<h1>Multifaced</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ti*faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>face</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many faces.</def>

<h1>Multifarious</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*fa"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multifarius</ets>; <ets>multus</ets> much, many. Cf. <er>Bifarious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having multiplicity; having great diversity or variety; of various kinds; diversified; made up of many differing parts; manifold.</def>

<blockquote>There is a <b>multifarious</b> artifice in the structure of the meanest animal.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having parts, as leaves, arranged in many vertical rows.</def>

<h1>Multifariously</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*fa"ri*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With great multiplicity and diversity; with variety of modes and relations.</def>

<h1>Multifariousness</h1>
<Xpage=952>

<hw>Mul`ti*fa"ri*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Multiplied diversity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The fault of improperly uniting in one bill distinct and independent matters, and thereby confounding them.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Multiferous</h1>
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<hw>Mul*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multifer</ets>; <ets>multus</ets> much, many + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Bearing or producing much or many.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Multifid</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ti*fid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multifidus</ets>; <ets>multus</ets> much, many + <ets>findere</ets> to split: cf. F. <ets>multifide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having many segments; cleft into several parts by linear sinuses; <as>as, a <ex>multifid</ex> leaf or corolla</as>.</def>

<h1>Multiflorous</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*flo"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multiflorus</ets>; <ets>multus</ets> much, many + <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower: cf. F. <ets>multiflore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having many flowers.</def>

<hr>
<page="953">
Page 953<p>

<h1>Multiflue</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ti*flue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>flue</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many flues; <as>as, a <ex>multiflue</ex> boiler</as>. See <er>Boiler</er>.</def>

<h1>Multifoil</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ti*foil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>foil</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornamental foliation consisting of more than five divisions or foils. <mark>[R.]</mark> See <er>Foil</er>.</def>

<h1>Multifoil</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ti*foil</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having more than five divisions or foils.</def>

<h1>Multifold</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ti*fold</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>fold</ets>.]</ety> <def>Many times doubled; manifold; numerous.</def>

<h1>Multiform</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ti*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multiformis</ets>; <ets>multus</ets> much, many + <ets>forma</ets> shape: cf. F. <ets>multiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many forms, shapes, or appearances.</def>

<blockquote>A plastic and <b>multiform</b> unit.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Multiformity</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*form"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multiformitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being multiform; diversity of forms; variety of appearances in the same thing.</def>

<i>Purchas.</i>

<h1>Multiformous</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*form"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Multiform.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Multigenerous</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*gen"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multigenerus</ets>; <ets>multus + genus</ets>, <ets>generis</ets>, kind.]</ety> <def>Having many kinds.</def>

<h1>Multigranulate</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*gran"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>granulate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having, or consisting of, many grains.</def>

<h1>Multijugate</h1>
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<hw>Mul*tij"u*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having many pairs of leaflets.</def>

<h1>Multijugous</h1>
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<hw>Mul*tij"u*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multijugus</ets>; <ets>multus + jugum</ets> yoke.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of many parts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Multijugate</er>.</def>

<h1>Multilateral</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*lat"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>lateral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many sides; many-sided.</def>

<h1>Multilineal</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*lin"e*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>lineal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many lines.</def>

<i>Steevens.</i>

<h1>Multilobar</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*lo"bar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>lobar</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of, or having, many lobes.</def>

<h1>Multilocular</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*loc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>locular</ets>: cf. F. <ets>multiloculaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many or several cells or compartments; <as>as, a <ex>multilocular</ex> shell or capsule</as>.</def>

<h1>Multiloquence</h1>
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<hw>Mul*til"o*quence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being multiloquent; use of many words; talkativeness.</def>

<h1>Multiloquent, Multiloquous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mul*til"o*quent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mul*til"o*quous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multiloquus</ets>; <ets>multus</ets> much, many + <ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>Speaking much; very talkative; loquacious.</def>

<h1>Multiloquy</h1>
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<hw>Mul*til"o*quy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multiloquium</ets>.]</ety> <def>Excess of words or talk.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Multinodate</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*no"date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>nodate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many knots or nodes.</def>

<h1>Multinodous</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*no"dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multinodus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Multinodate</er>.</def>

<h1>Multinomial</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*no"mi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>-nomial</ets>, as in binomial. See <er>Binomial</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Polynomial</er>.</def>

<h1>Multinominal, Multinominous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mul`ti*nom"i*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mul`ti*nom"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multinominis</ets>; <ets>multus</ets> many + <ets>nomen nominis</ets> name.]</ety> <def>Having many names or terms.</def>

<h1>Multinuclear</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*nu"cle*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>nuclear</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Containing many nuclei; <as>as, <ex>multinuclear</ex> cells</as>.</def>

<h1>Multinucleate, Multinucleated</h1>
<Xpage=953>

<hw><hw>Mul`ti*nu"cle*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mul`ti*nu"cle*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Multinuclear.</def>

<h1>Multiparous</h1>
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<hw>Mul*tip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + L. <ets>parere</ets> to produce: cf. F. <ets>multipare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing many, or more than one, at a birth.</def>

<h1>Multipartite</h1>
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<hw>Mul*tip"ar*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multipartitus multus</ets> much, many <ets>partitus</ets> divided, p.p.: cf. F. <ets>multipartite</ets>. See <er>Partite</er>.]</ety> <def>Divided into many parts; having several parts.</def>

<h1>Multiped</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ti*ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multipes</ets>, <ets>multipeda</ets>; <ets>multus</ets> much, many + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot: cf. F. <ets>multip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect having many feet, as a myriapod.</def>

<h1>Multiped</h1>
<Xpage=953>

<hw>Mul"ti*ped</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having many feet.</def>

<h1>Multiple</h1>
<Xpage=953>

<hw>Mul"ti*ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>multiple</ets>, and E. <ets>quadruple</ets>, and <ets>multiply</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing more than once, or more than one; consisting of more than one; manifold; repeated many times; having several, or many, parts.</def>

<cs><col>Law of multiple proportion</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the generalization that when the same elements unite in more than one proportion, forming two or more different compounds, the higher proportions of the elements in such compounds are simple multiplies of the lowest proportion, or the proportions are connected by some simple common factor; thus, iron and oxygen unite in the proportions <chform>FeO</chform>, <chform>Fe2O3</chform>, <chform>Fe3O4</chform>, in which compounds, considering the oxygen, 3 and 4 are simple multiplies of 1. Called also the <altname>Law of Dalton</altname>, from its discoverer.</cd> -- <col>Multiple algebra</col>, <cd>a branch of advanced mathematics that treats of operations upon units compounded of two or more unlike units.</cd> -- <col>Multiple conjugation</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>a coalescence of many cells (as where an indefinite number of am\'d2boid cells flow together into a single mass) from which conjugation proper and even fertilization may have been evolved.</cd> -- <col>Multiple fruits</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Collective fruit</cref>, under <er>Collective</er>.</cd> -- <col>Multiple star</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>several stars in close proximity, which appear to form a single system.</cd></cs>

<h1>Multiple</h1>
<Xpage=953>

<hw>Mul"ti*ple</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A quantity containing another quantity a number of times without a remainder.</def>

<note>&hand; <col>A common multiple</col> of two or more numbers contains each of them a number of times exactly; thus, 24 is a <i>common multiple</i> of 3 and 4. The <col>least common multiple</col> is the least number that will do this; thus, 12 is the <i>least common multiple</i> of 3 and 4.</note>

<h1>Multiplex</h1>
<Xpage=953>

<hw>Mul"ti*plex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multiplex</ets>, <ets>-plicis</ets>. See <er>Multiply</er>.]</ety> <def>Manifold; multiple.</def>

<h1>Multipliable</h1>
<Xpage=953>

<hw>Mul"ti*pli`a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>multipliable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being multiplied.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mul"ti*pli`a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Multiplicable</h1>
<Xpage=953>

<hw>Mul"ti*pli*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multiplicabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being multiplied; multipliable.</def>

<h1>Multiplicand</h1>
<Xpage=953>

<hw>Mul"ti*pli*cand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multiplicandus</ets> to be multiplied: cf. F. <ets>multiplicande</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The number which is to be multiplied by another number called the <i>multiplier</i>. See Note under <er>Multiplication</er>.</def>

<h1>Multiplicate</h1>
<Xpage=953>

<hw>Mul"ti*pli*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multiplicatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>multiplicare</ets>. See <er>Multiply</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of many, or of more than one; multiple; multifold.</def>

<cs><col>Multiplicate flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a flower that is double, or has an unusual number of petals in consequence of the abnormal multiplication of the parts of the floral whorls.</cd></cs>

<h1>Multiplication</h1>
<Xpage=953>

<hw>Mul`ti*pli*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multiplicatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>multiplication</ets>. See <er>Multiply</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of multiplying, or of increasing in number; the state of being multiplied; <as>as, the <ex>multiplication</ex> of the human species by natural generation</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The increase and <b>multiplication</b> of the world.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The process of repeating, or adding to itself, any given number or quantity a certain number of times; commonly, the process of ascertaining by a briefer computation the result of such repeated additions; also, the rule by which the operation is performed; -- the reverse of <i>division</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; The word <i>multiplication</i> is sometimes used in mathematics, particularly in multiple algebra, to denote any distributive operation expressed by one symbol upon any quantity or any thing expressed by another symbol. Corresponding extensions of meaning are given to the words <i>multiply</i>, <i>multiplier</i>, <i>multiplicand</i>, and <i>product</i>. Thus, since <mathex>&phi;(<it>x + y</it>) = &phi;<it>x</it> + &phi;<it>y</it></mathex> (see under <er>Distributive</er>), where &phi;(<it>x + y</it>), &phi;<it>x</it>, and &phi;<it>y</it> indicate the results of any distributive operation represented by the symbol &phi; upon <it>x + y</it>, <it>x</it>, and <it>y</it>, severally, then because of many very useful analogies &phi;(<it>x + y</it>) is called the <i>product</i> of &phi; and <it>x + y</it>, and the operation indicated by &phi; is called <i>multiplication</i>. Cf. <er>Facient</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An increase above the normal number of parts, especially of petals; augmentation.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The art of increasing gold or silver by magic, -- attributed formerly to the alchemists.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Multiplication table</col>, <cd>a table giving the product of a set of numbers multiplied in some regular way; commonly, a table giving the products of the first ten or twelve numbers multiplied successively by 1, 2, 3, etc., up to 10 or 12.</cd></cs><-- also, times table [used by students] -->

<h1>Multiplicative</h1>
<Xpage=953>

<hw>Mul"ti*pli*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>multiplicatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to multiply; having the power to multiply, or incease numbers.</def>

<h1>Multiplicatively</h1>
<Xpage=953>

<hw>Mul"ti*pli*ca*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to multiply.</def>

<h1>Multiplicator</h1>
<Xpage=953>

<hw>Mul"ti*pli*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>multiplicateur</ets>. Cf. <er>Multiplier</er>.]</ety> <def>The number by which another number is multiplied; a multiplier.</def>

<h1>Multiplicious</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*pli"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Multiplex</er>.]</ety> <def>Manifold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Multiplicity</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*plic"ity</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>multiplicit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being multiple, manifold, or various; a state of being many; a multitude; <as>as, a <ex>multiplicity</ex> of thoughts or objects</as>.</def> "A <i>multiplicity</i> of goods."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Multiplier</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ti*pli`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>multiplier</ets>. Cf. <er>Multiplicator</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, multiplies or increases number.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The number by which another number is multiplied. See the Note under <er>Multiplication</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for multiplying or increasing by repetition or accumulation the intensity of a force or action, as heat or electricity. It is particularly used to render such a force or action appreciable or measurable when feeble. See <er>Thermomultiplier</er>.</def>

<h1>Multiply</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ti*ply</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Multiplied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Multiplying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>multiplier</ets>, L. <ets>multiplicare</ets>, fr. <ets>multiplex</ets> manifold. See <er>Multitude</er>, <er>Complex</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To increase in number; to make more numerous; to add quantity to.</def>

<blockquote>Impunity will <b>multiply</b> motives to disobedience.
<i>Ames.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To add (any given number or quantity) to itself a certain number of times; to find the product of by multiplication; <as>thus 7 <ex>multiplied</ex> by 8 produces the number 56; to <ex>multiply</ex> two numbers</as>. See the Note under <er>Multiplication</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To increase (the amount of gold or silver) by the arts of alchemy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Multiplying gear</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>gear for increasing speed.</cd> -- <col>Multiplying lens</col>. <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Lens</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Multiply</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ti*ply</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become greater in number; to become numerous.</def>

<blockquote>When men began to <b>multiply</b> on the face of the earth, and daughters were born unto them.
<i>Gen. vi. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To increase in extent and influence; to spread.</def>

<blockquote>The word of God grew and <b>multiplied</b>.
<i>Acts xii. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To increase amount of gold or silver by the arts of alchemy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Multipolar</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*po"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>polar</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having many poles; -- applied especially to those ganglionic nerve cells which have several radiating processes.</def>

<h1>Multipotent</h1>
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<hw>Mul*tip"o*tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multipotens</ets>; <ets>multus</ets> much + <ets>potens</ets> powerful. See <er>Potent</er>.]</ety> <def>Having manifold power, or power to do many things.</def> "Jove <i>multipotent</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Multipresence</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*pres"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or power of being multipresent.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>multipresence</b> of Christ's body.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Multipresent</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*pres"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>present</ets>, a.]</ety> <def>Being, or having the power to be, present in two or more places at once.</def>

<h1>Multiradiate</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*ra"di*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>radiate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many rays.</def>

<h1>Multiramified</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*ram"i*fied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + p.p. of <ets>ramify</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divided into many branches.</def>

<h1>Multiramose</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*ra*mose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>ramose</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many branches.</def>

<h1>Multiscious</h1>
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<hw>Mul*tis"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multiscius</ets>; <ets>multus</ets> much + <ets>scius</ets> knowing, fr. <ets>scire</ets> to know.]</ety> <def>Having much or varied knowledge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Multisect</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ti*sect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + L. <ets>sectus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>secare</ets> to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Divided into many similar segments; -- said of an insect or myriapod.</def>

<h1>Multiseptate</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*sep"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>septate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Divided into many chambers by partitions, as the pith of the pokeweed.</def>

<h1>Multiserial</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*se"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>serial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Arranged in many rows, or series, as the scales of a pine cone, or the leaves of the houseleek.</def>

<h1>Multisiliquous</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*sil"i*quous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>siliquious</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having many pods or seed vessels.</def>

<h1>Multisonous</h1>
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<hw>Mul*tis"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multisonus</ets>; <ets>multus</ets> much, many + <ets>sonus</ets> sound.]</ety> <def>Having many sounds, or sounding much.</def>

<h1>Multispiral</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*spi"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>spiral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having numerous spiral coils round a center or nucleus; -- said of the opercula of certain shells.</def>

<h1>Multistriate</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*stri"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>striate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many streaks.</def>

<h1>Multisulcate</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*sul"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>sulcate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many furrows.</def>

<h1>Multisyllable</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ti*syl`la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>syllable</ets>.]</ety> <def>A word of many syllables; a polysyllable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Mul`ti*syl*lab"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Multititular</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*tit"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>titular</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many titles.</def>

<h1>Multitubular</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*tu"bu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>tubular</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many tubes; <as>as, a <ex>multitubular</ex> boiler</as>.</def>

<h1>Multitude</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ti*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>multitude</ets>, L. <ets>multitudo</ets>, <ets>multitudinis</ets>, fr. <ets>multus</ets> much, many; of unknown origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A great number of persons collected together; a numerous collection of persons; a crowd; an assembly.</def>

<blockquote>But when he saw the <b>multitudes</b>, he was moved with compassion on them.
<i>Matt. ix. 36.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A great number of persons or things, regarded collectively; <as>as, the book will be read by a <ex>multitude</ex> of people; the <ex>multitude</ex> of stars; a <ex>multitude</ex> of cares.</as></def>

<blockquote>It is a fault in a <b>multitude</b> of preachers, that they uttery neglect method in their harangues.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>multitude</b> of flowers
As countless as the stars on high.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of being many; numerousness.</def>

<blockquote>They came as grasshoppers for <b>multitude</b>.
<i>Judg. vi. 5.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The multitude</col>, <cd>the populace; the mass of men.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Throng; crowd; assembly; assemblage; commonalty; swarm; populace; vulgar. See <er>Throng</er>.</syn>

<h1>Multitudinary</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*tu"di*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Multitudinous.</def>

<h1>Multitudinous</h1>
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<hw>Mul`ti*tu"di*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of a multitude; manifold in number or condition; <as>as, <ex>multitudinous</ex> waves</as>.</def> "The <i>multitudinous</i> seas."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>A renewed jingling of <b>multitudinous</b> chains.
<i>G. Kennan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a multitude.</def> "The <i>multitudinous</i> tongue."

<i>Shak.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Mul`ti*tu"di*nous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mul`ti*tu"di*nous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Multivagant, Multivagous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mul*tiv"a*gant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mul*tiv"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multivagus</ets>; <ets>multus</ets> much + <ets>vagus</ets> wandering; cf. <ets>vagans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>vagari</ets>. See <er>Vagary</er>.]</ety> <def>Wandering much.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Multivalence</h1>
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<hw>Mul*tiv"a*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Quality, state, or degree, of a multivalent element, atom, or radical.</def>

<h1>Multivalent</h1>
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<hw>Mul*tiv"a*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + L. <ets>valens</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Valence</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having a valence greater than one, as silicon.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having more than one degree of valence, as sulphur.</def>

<h1>Multivalve</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ti*valve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>multivalve</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any mollusk which has a shell composed of more than two pieces.</def>

<h1>Multivalve, Multivalvular</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mul"ti*valve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mul`ti*val"vu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>valve</ets>, <ets>valvular</ets>: cf. F. <ets>multivalve</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having many valves.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Many-valved; having more than two valves; -- said of certain shells, as the chitons.</def>

<h1>Multiversant</h1>
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<hw>Mul*tiv"er*sant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + L. <ets>versans</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Versant</er>.]</ety> <def>Turning into many shapes; assuming many forms; protean.</def>

<h1>Multivious</h1>
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<hw>Mul*tiv"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>multivius</ets>; <ets>multus</ets> many + <ets>via</ets> way.]</ety> <def>Having many ways or roads; by many ways.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Multivocal</h1>
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<hw>Mul*tiv"o*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>vocal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Signifying many different things; of manifold meaning; equivocal.</def> "An ambiguous <i>multivocal</i> word."

<i>Coleridge.</i>

-- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A multivocal word.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Fitzed. Hall</i>.</def2>

<h1>Multocular</h1>
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<hw>Mul*toc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + L. <ets>oculus</ets> eye.]</ety> <def>Having many eyes, or more than two.</def>

<h1>Multum</h1>
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<hw>Mul"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An extract of quassia licorice, fraudulently used by brewers in order to economize malt and hops.</def>

<i>Craig.</i>

<cs><col>Hard multum</col>, <cd>a preparation made from <i>Cocculus Indicus<i>, etc., used to impart an intoxicating quality to beer.</cd></cs>

<h1>Multungulate</h1>
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<hw>Mul*tun"gu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Multi-</ets> + <ets>ungulate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many hoofs.</def>

<h1>Multure</h1>
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<hw>Mul"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>multure</ets>, <ets>moulture</ets>, F. <ets>mouture</ets>, fr. L. <ets>molitura</ets> a grinding, <ets>molere</ets> to grind. See <er>Mill</er> the machine.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The toll for grinding grain.</def>

<i>Erskine.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A grist or grinding; the grain ground.</def>

<h1>Mum</h1>
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<hw>Mum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Of imitative origin. Cf. <er>Mumble</er>.]</ety> <def>Silent; not speaking.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<blockquote>The citizens are <b>mum</b>, and speak not a word.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mum</h1>
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<hw>Mum</hw>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>Be silent! Hush!</def>

<blockquote><b>Mum</b>, then, and no more.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mum</h1>
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<hw>Mum</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Silence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Mum</h1>
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<hw>Mum</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>mummere</ets>, fr. Christian <ets>Mumme</ets>, who first brewed it in 1492.]</ety> <def>A sort of strong beer, originally made in Brunswick, Germany.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>The clamorous crowd is hushed with mugs of <b>mum</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mumble</h1>
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<hw>Mum"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mumbled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mumbling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>momelen</ets>; cf. D. <ets>mompelen</ets>, <ets>mommelen</ets>, G. <ets>mummelen</ets>, Sw. <ets>mumla</ets>, Dan. <ets>mumle</ets>. Cf. <er>Mum</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Mumm</er>, <er>Mump</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To speak with the lips partly closed, so as to render the sounds inarticulate and imperfect; to utter words in a grumbling indistinct manner, indicating discontent or displeasure; to mutter.</def>

<blockquote>Peace, you <b>mumbling</b> fool.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A wrinkled hag, with age grown double,
Picking dry sticks, and <b>mumbling</b> to herself.
<i>Otway.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To chew something gently with closed lips.</def>

<hr>
<page="954">
Page 954<p>

<h1>Mumble</h1>
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<hw>Mum"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter with a low, inarticulate voice.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To chew or bite gently, as one without teeth.</def>

<blockquote>Gums unarmed, to <b>mumble</b> meat in vain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To suppress, or utter imperfectly.</def>

<h1>Mumblenews</h1>
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<hw>Mum"ble*news`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A talebearer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mumbler</h1>
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<hw>Mum"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who mumbles.</def>

<h1>Mumbling</h1>
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<hw>Mum"bling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Low; indistinct; inarticulate.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mum"bling*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mumbo Jumbo</h1>
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<hw>Mum"bo Jum`bo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>An object of superstitious homage and fear.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<blockquote>The miserable <b>Mumbo Jumbo</b> they paraded.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mum-chance</h1>
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<hw>Mum"-chance`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A game of hazard played with cards in silence.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Decker.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A silent, stupid person.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Mum-chance</h1>
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<hw>Mum"-chance`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Silent and idle.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Boys can't sit <b>mum-chance</b> always.
<i>J. H. Ewing.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mumm</h1>
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<hw>Mumm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mummed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mumming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D. <ets>mimmen</ets> to mask, <ets>mom</ets> a mask; akin to G. <ets>mumme</ets> disguise; prob. of imitative origin, and akin to E. <ets>mum</ets>, <ets>mumble</ets>, in allusion to the indistinctness of speech occasioned by talking from behind a mask. Cf. <er>Mumble</er>, <er>Mummery</er>.]</ety> <def>To sport or make diversion in a mask or disguise; to mask.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>mumming</b> and with masking all around.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mummer</h1>
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<hw>Mumm"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>mommeur</ets>. See <er>Mumm</er>, and cf. <er>Momier</er>.]</ety> <def>One who mumms, or makes diversion in disguise; a masker; a buffon.</def>

<blockquote>Jugglers and dancers, antics, <b>mummers</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mummery</h1>
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<hw>Mum"mer*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mummeries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>momerie</ets>, of Dutch or German origin. See <er>Mumm</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Masking; frolic in disguise; buffoonery.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>mummery</b> of foreign strollers.
<i>Fenton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Farcical show; hypocritical disguise and parade or ceremonies.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Mummichog</h1>
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<hw>Mum"mi*chog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Amer. Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of small American cyprinodont fishes of the genus <spn>Fundulus</spn>, and of allied genera; the killifishes; -- called also <altname>minnow</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mummychog</asp>, <asp>mummachog</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mummification</h1>
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<hw>Mum`mi*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mummify</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of making a mummy.</def>

<h1>Mummified</h1>
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<hw>Mum"mi*fied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Converted into a mummy or a mummylike substance; having the appearance of a mummy; withered.</def>

<h1>Mummiform</h1>
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<hw>Mum"mi*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mummy</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having some resemblance to a mummy; -- in zo\'94logy, said of the pup\'91 of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Mummify</h1>
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<hw>Mum"mi*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mummified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mummifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Mummy</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>momifier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To embalm and dry as a mummy; to make into, or like, a mummy.</def>

<i>Hall (1646).</i>

<h1>Mummy</h1>
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<hw>Mum"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mummies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>momie</ets>; cf. Sp. & Pg. <ets>momia</ets>, It. <ets>mummia</ets>; all fr. Per. <ets>m<?/miy\'be</ets>, fr. <ets>m<?/m</ets> wax.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A dead body embalmed and dried after the manner of the ancient Egyptians; also, a body preserved, by any means, in a dry state, from the process of putrefaction.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dried flesh of a mummy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir. J. Hill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A gummy liquor that exudes from embalmed flesh when heated; -- formerly supposed to have magical and medicinal properties.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>  <i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A brown color obtained from bitumen. See <cref>Mummy brown</cref> (below).</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Gardening)</fld> <def>A sort of wax used in grafting, etc.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>One whose affections and energies are withered.</def>

<cs><col>Mummy brown</col>, <cd>a brown color, nearly intermediate in tint between burnt umber and raw umber. A pigment of this color is prepared from bitumen, etc., obtained from Egyptian tombs.</cd> -- <col>Mummy wheat</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>wheat found in the ancient mummy cases of Egypt.  No botanist now believes that genuine mummy wheat has been made to germinate in modern times.</cd> -- <col>To beat to a mummy</col>, <cd>to beat to a senseless mass; to beat soundly.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mummy</h1>
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<hw>Mum"my</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mummied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mummying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To embalm; to mummify.</def>

<h1>Mummychog</h1>
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<hw>Mum"my*chog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mummichog</er>.</def>

<h1>Mump</h1>
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<hw>Mump</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Akin to <ets>mumble</ets>; cf. D. <ets>mompen</ets> to cheat; perh. orig., to whine like a beggar, D. <ets>mompelen</ets> to mumble. See <er>Mumble</er>, <er>Mum</er>, and cf. <er>Mumps</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move the lips with the mouth closed; to mumble, as in sulkiness.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>mumps</b>, and lovers, and hangs the lip.
<i>Taylor, 1630.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To talk imperfectly, brokenly, or feebly; to chatter unintelligibly.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cheat; to deceive; to play the beggar.</def>

<blockquote>And then when <b>mumping</b> with a sore leg, ... canting and whining.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be sullen or sulky.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Mump</h1>
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<hw>Mump</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mumped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mumping</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter imperfectly, brokenly, or feebly.</def>

<blockquote>Old men who <b>mump</b> their passion.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To work over with the mouth; to mumble; <as>as, to <ex>mump</ex> food</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deprive of (something) by cheating; to impose upon.</def>

<h1>Mumper</h1>
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<hw>Mump"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A beggar; a begging impostor.</def>

<blockquote>Deceived by the tales of a Lincoln's Inn <b>mumper</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mumpish</h1>
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<hw>Mump"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sullen, sulky.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mump"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mump"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mumps</h1>
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<hw>Mumps</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>mump</ets> to be sulky. Cf. <er>Mump</er>, <er>Mumble</er>, and <er>Mum</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Sullenness; silent displeasure; the sulks.</def>

<i>Skinner.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Prob. so called from the patient's appearance.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A specific infectious febrile disorder characterized by a nonsuppurative inflammation of the parotid glands; epidemic or infectious parotitis.</def>

<h1>Mun</h1>
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<hw>Mun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mouth</er>.]</ety> <def>The mouth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>One a penny, two a penny, hot cross buns,
Butter them and sugar them and put them in your <b>muns</b>.
<i>Old Rhyme. Halliwell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Munch</h1>
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<hw>Munch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Munched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Munching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. akin to <ets>mumble</ets>: cf. also F. <ets>manger</ets> to eat (cf. <er>Mange</er>), and <ets>m\'83cher</ets> to cher (cf. <er>Masticate</er>). See <er>Mumble</er>.]</ety> <def>To chew with a grinding, crunching sound, as a beast chews provender; to chew deliberately or in large mouthfuls.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>maunch</asp> and <asp>mounch</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>I could <b>munch</b> your good dry oats.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Munchausenism</h1>
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<hw>Mun*chau"sen*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called in allusion to Baron <ets>Munchausen's</ets> extravagant tales of travel.]</ety> <def>An extravagant fiction embodying an account of some marvelous exploit or adventure.</def>

<h1>Muncher</h1>
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<hw>Munch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who munches.</def>

<h1>Mund</h1>
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<hw>Mund</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mun</er>.</def>

<h1>Mundane</h1>
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<hw>Mun"dane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mundanus</ets>, fr. <ets>mundus</ets> the world, an implement, toilet adornments, or dress; cf. <ets>mundus</ets>, a., clean, neat, Skr. <ets>ma&nsdot;&dsdot;</ets> to adorn, dress, <ets>ma&nsdot;&dsdot;a</ets> adornment. Cf. <er>Monde</er>, <er>Mound</er> in heraldry.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the world; worldly; earthly; terrestrial; <as>as, the <ex>mundane</ex> sphere</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mun"dane*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>The defilement of <b>mundane</b> passions.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mundanity</h1>
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<hw>Mun*dan"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Worldliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mundation</h1>
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<hw>Mun*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mundatio</ets>, fr. <ets>mundare</ets> to make clean.]</ety> <def>The act of cleansing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mundatory</h1>
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<hw>Mun"da*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mundatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cleansing; having power to cleanse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mundic</h1>
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<hw>Mun"dic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Iron pyrites, or arsenical pyrites; -- so called by the Cornish miners.</def>

<h1>Mundificant</h1>
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<hw>Mun*dif"i*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mundificans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>mundificare</ets> to make clean, fr. <ets>mundus</ets> clean + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>Serving to cleanse and heal.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A mundificant ointment or plaster.</def></def2>

<h1>Mundification</h1>
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<hw>Mun`di*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or operation of cleansing.</def>

<h1>Mundificative</h1>
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<hw>Mun*dif"i*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cleansing.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A detergent medicine or preparation.</def></def2>

<h1>Mundify</h1>
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<hw>Mun"di*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mondifier</ets>, L. <ets>mundificare</ets>. See <er>Mundificant</er>.]</ety> <def>To cleanse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mundil</h1>
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<hw>Mun"dil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A turban ornamented with an imitation of gold or silver embroidery.</def>

<h1>Mundivagant</h1>
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<hw>Mun*div"a*gant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mundus</ets> the world + <ets>vagans</ets> wandering, p.pr. of <ets>vagari</ets>. See <er>Vagary</er>.]</ety> <def>Wandering over the world.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Mundungus</h1>
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<hw>Mun*dun"gus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>mondongo</ets> paunch, tripe, black pudding.]</ety> <def>A stinking tobacco.</def>

<h1>Munnerary</h1>
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<hw>Mun"ner*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>munerarius</ets>, from <ets>munus</ets> a gift.]</ety> <def>Having the nature of a gift.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Munnerate</h1>
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<hw>Mun"ner*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>muneratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>munerare</ets> to give, bestow, fr. <ets>munus</ets> a gift.]</ety> <def>To remunerate.</def>

<h1>Muneration</h1>
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<hw>Mu`ner*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>muneratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Remuneration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mung</h1>
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<hw>Mung</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>m<?/ng</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Green gram, a kind of pulse (<spn>Phaseolus Mungo</spn>), grown for food in British India.</def>

<i>Balfour (Cyc. of India).</i>

<h1>Munga</h1>
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<hw>Mun"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Bonnet monkey</cref>, under <er>Bonnet</er>.</def>

<h1>Mungcorn</h1>
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<hw>Mung"corn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Mangcorn</er>.</def>

<h1>Mungo</h1>
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<hw>Mun"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fibrous material obtained by deviling rags or the remnants of woolen goods.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Mungo</i> properly signifies the disintegrated rags of woolen cloth, as distinguished from those of worsted, which form shoddy. The distinction is very commonly disregarded.</note>

<i>Beck (Draper's Dict. ).</i>

<h1>Mungoose, Mungoos</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mun"goose</hw>, <hw>Mun"goos</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mongoose</er>.</def>

<h1>Mungrel</h1>
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<hw>Mun"grel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <def>See <er>Mongrel</er>.</def>

<h1>Municipal</h1>
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<hw>Mu*nic"i*pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>municipalis</ets>, fr. <ets>municipium</ets> a town, particularly in Italy, which possessed the right of Roman citizenship, but was governed by its own laws, a free town, fr. <ets>municeps</ets> an inhabitant of a free town, a free citizen; <ets>munia</ets> official duties, functions + <ets>capere</ets> to take: cf. F. <ets>municipal</ets>. Cf. <er>Immunity</er>, and <er>Capacoius</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a city or a corporation having the right of administering local government; <as>as, <ex>municipal</ex> rights; <ex>municipal</ex> officers.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a state, kingdom, or nation.</def>

<blockquote><b>Municipal</b> law is properly defined to be a rule of civil conduct prescribed by the supreme power in a state.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Municipalism</h1>
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<hw>Mu*nic"i*pal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Municipal condition.</def>

<h1>Municipality</h1>
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<hw>Mu*nic`i*pal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Municipalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>municipalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>A municipal district; a borough, city, or incorporated town or village.</def>

<h1>Municipally</h1>
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<hw>Mu*nic"i*pal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a municipal relation or condition.</def>

<h1>Munific</h1>
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<hw>Mu*nif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Munificent</er>.]</ety> <def>Munificent; liberal.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<h1>Munificate</h1>
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<hw>Mu*nif"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>munificatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>munificare</ets> to present with a thing, fr. <ets>munificus</ets>. See <er>Munificent</er>.]</ety> <def>To enrich.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Munificence</h1>
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<hw>Mu*nif"i*cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>munire</ets> to fortify.]</ety> <def>Means of defense; fortification.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Munificence</h1>
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<hw>Mu*nif"i*cence</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>munificentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>munificence</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being munificent; a giving or bestowing with extraordinary liberality; generous bounty; lavish generosity.</def>

<blockquote>The virtues of liberality and <b>munificence</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Benevolence; beneficence; liberality; generosity; bounty; bounteousness. See <er>Benevolence</er>.</syn>

<h1>Munificent</h1>
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<hw>Mu*nif"i*cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>munificus</ets>; <ets>munus</ets> service, gift + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. Cf. <er>Immunity</er>, <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>Very liberal in giving or bestowing; lavish; <as>as, a <ex>munificent</ex> benefactor</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mu*nif"i*cent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<syn>Syn. -- Bounteous; bountiful; liberal; generous.</syn>

<h1>Munify</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ni*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Munificate</er>.]</ety> <def>To prepare for defense; to fortify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Muniment</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ni*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>munimentum</ets>, fr. <ets>munire</ets> to fortify. See <er>Munition</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of supporting or defending.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which supports or defends; stronghold; place or means of defense; munition; assistance.</def> "Other <i>muniments</i> and petty helps."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A record; the evidences or writings whereby a man is enabled to defend the title to his estate; title deeds and papers.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Muniment house</col> &or; <col>room</col></mcol>, <cd>that room in a cathedral, castle, or other public building, which is used for keeping the records, charters, seals, deeds, </cs>and the like.</cd>  <i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Munite</h1>
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<hw>Mu*nite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>munitus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>munire</ets> to wall, fortify.]</ety> <def>To fortify; to strengthen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Munition</h1>
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<hw>Mu*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., munition of war, L. <ets>munitio</ets> a fortifying, fortification, fr. <ets>munire</ets> to fortify, defend with a wall; cf. <ets>moenia</ets> walls, <ets>murus</ets> (for <ets>moirus</ets>) a wall, and Skr. <ets>mi</ets> to fix, make firm. Cf. <er>Ammunition</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fortification; stronghold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His place of defense shall be the <b>munitions</b> of rocks.
<i>Is. xxxiii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Whatever materials are used in war for drfense or for annoying an enemy; ammunition; also, stores and provisions; military stores of all kinds.</def>

<blockquote>The bodies of men, <b>munition</b>, and money, may justly be called the sinews of war.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Munity</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Immunity</er>.]</ety> <def>Freedom; security; immunity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Munjeet</h1>
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<hw>Mun*jeet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>maj\'c6&tsdot;h</ets> a drug used for dyeing red.]</ety> <def>See <cref>Indian madder</cref>, under <er>Madder</er>.</def>

<h1>Munjistin</h1>
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<hw>Mun"jis*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An orangered coloring substance resembling alizarin, found in the root of an East Indian species of madder (<spn>Rubia munjista</spn>).</def>

<h1>Munnion</h1>
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<hw>Mun"nion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mullion</er>.</def>

<h1>Muntin, Munting</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mun"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mun"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[CF. <er>Montant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Mullion</er>; -- especially used in joiner's work.</def>

<h1>Muntjac</h1>
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<hw>Munt"jac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of small Asiatic deer of the genus <spn>Cervulus</spn>, esp. <spn>C. muntjac</spn>, which occurs both in India and on the East Indian Islands.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>muntjak</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Muntz metal</h1>
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<hw>Muntz" met`al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Metal</er>.</def>

<h1>Mur\'91na</h1>
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<hw>Mu*r\'91"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of large eels of the family <spn>Mir\'91nid\'91</spn>. They differ from the common eel in lacking pectoral fins and in having the dorsal and anal fins continuous. The murry (<spn>Mur\'91na Helen\'91</spn>) of Southern Europe was the mur\'91na of the Romans. It is highly valued as a food fish.</def>

<h1>Mur\'91noid, Murenoid</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mu*r\'91"noid</hw>, <hw>Mu*re"noid</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Mur\'91na</ets>, the generic name + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the genus Mur\'91na, or family <spn>Mur\'91nid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Murage</h1>
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<hw>Mu"rage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>murer</ets> to wall, fr. <ets>mur</ets> wall, L. <ets>murus</ets>. See <er>Mure</er> a wall.]</ety> <def>A tax or toll paid for building or repairing the walls of a fortified town.</def>

<h1>Mural</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>muralis</ets>, fr. <ets>murus</ets> wall. See <er>Mure</er> a wall.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a wall; being on, or in, a wall; growing on, or against, a wall; <as>as, a <ex>mural</ex> quadrant</as>.</def> "<i>Mural</i> breach." <i>Milton</i>. "<i>Mural</i> fruit." <i>Evelyn</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling a wall; perpendicular or steep; <as>as, a <ex>mural</ex> precipice</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Mural circle</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a graduated circle, in the plane of the meridian, attached permanently to a perpendicular wall; -- used for measuring arcs of the meridian. See <er>Circle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Mural crown</col> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>a golden crown, or circle of gold indented so as to resemble a battlement, bestowed on him who first mounted the wall of a besieged place, and there lodged a standard.</cd></cs>

<h1>Murder</h1>
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<hw>Mur"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>morder</ets>, <ets>morther</ets>, AS. <ets>mor&edh;or</ets>, fr. <ets>mor&edh;</ets> murder; akin to D. <ets>moord</ets>, OS. <ets>mor&edh;</ets>, G., Dan., & Sw. <ets>mord</ets>, Icel. <ets>mor&edh;</ets>, Goth. <ets>ma\'a3r&thorn;r</ets>, OSlav. <ets>mr\'c7ti</ets> to die, Lith. <ets>mirti</ets>, W. <ets>marw</ets> dead, L. <ets>mors</ets>, <ets>mortis</ets>, death, <ets>mori</ets>, <ets>moriri</ets>, to die, Gr. <grk>broto`s</grk> (for <grk>mroto`s</grk>) mortal, <grk>'a`mbrotos</grk> immortal, Skr. <ets>m&rsdot;</ets> to die, m&rsdot;ta death. \'fb105. Cf. <er>Amaranth</er>, <er>Ambrosia</er>, <er>Mortal</er>.]</ety> <def>The offense of killing a human being with malice prepense or aforethought, express or implied; intentional and unlawful homicide.</def> "<i>Mordre</i> will out."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>The killing of their children had, in the account of God, the guilt of <b>murder</b>, as the offering them to idols had the guilt of idolatry.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Slaughter grows <b>murder</b> when it goes too far.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Murder in the second degree</i>, in most jurisdictions, is a malicious homicide committed without a specific intention to take life.</note>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Murder</h1>
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<hw>Mur"der</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Murdered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Murdering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>mortheren</ets>, <ets>murtheren</ets>, AS. <ets>myr<?/rian</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>murdiren</ets>, Goth. <ets>ma\'a3r<?/rjan</ets>. See <er>Murder</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To kill with premediated malice; to kill (a human being) willfully, deliberately, and unlawfully. See <er>Murder</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To destroy; to put an end to.</def>

<blockquote>[Canst thou] <b>murder</b> thy breath in middle of a word?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To mutilate, spoil, or deform, as if with malice or cruelty; to mangle; <as>as, to <ex>murder</ex> the king's English</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To kill; assassinate; slay. See <er>Kill</er>.</syn>

<hr>
<page="955">
Page 955<p>

<h1>Murderer</h1>
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<hw>Mur"der*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One guilty of murder; a person who, in possession of his reason, unlawfully kills a human being with premeditated malice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small cannon, formerly used for clearing a ship's decks of boarders; -- called also <altname>murdering piece</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Murderess</h1>
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<hw>Mur"der*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who commits murder.</def>

<h1>Murderment</h1>
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<hw>Mur"der*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Murder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Farfax.</i>

<h1>Murderous</h1>
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<hw>Mur"der*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to murder; characterized by, or causing, murder or bloodshed; having the purpose or quality of murder; bloody; sanguinary; <as>as, the <ex>murderous</ex> king; <ex>murderous</ex> rapine; <ex>murderous</ex> intent; a <ex>murderous</ex> assault.</as></def> "<i>Murderous</i> coward." <i>Shak</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Mur"der*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<syn>Syn. -- Bloody; sanguinary; bloodguilty; bloodthirsty; fell; savage; cruel.</syn>

<h1>Murdress</h1>
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<hw>Mur"dress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A battlement in ancient fortifications with interstices for firing through.</def>

<h1>Mure</h1>
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<hw>Mure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>murus</ets>; or F. <ets>mur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>murus</ets>. Cf. <er>Munition</er>.]</ety> <def>A wall.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mure</h1>
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<hw>Mure</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>murer</ets>, L. <ets>murare</ets>. See <er>Mure</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To inclose in walls; to wall; to immure; to shut up.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>The five kings are <b>mured</b> in a cave.
<i>John. x. (Heading).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Murenger</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ren*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who had charge of the wall of a town, or its repairs.</def>

<h1>Murex</h1>
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<hw>Mu"rex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Murices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., the purple fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine gastropods, having rough, and frequently spinose, shells, which are often highly colored inside; the rock shells. They abound in tropical seas.</def>

<h1>Murexan</h1>
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<hw>Mu*rex"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Murexide</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A complex nitrogenous substance obtained from murexide, alloxantin, and other ureids, as a white, or yellowish, crystalline which turns red on exposure to the air; -- called also <altname>uramil</altname>, <altname>dialuramide</altname>, and formerly <altname>purpuric acid</altname>.</def>

<h1>Murexide</h1>
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<hw>Mu*rex"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>murex</ets> the purple fish, purple.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline nitrogenous substance having a splendid dichroism, being green by reflected light and garnet-red by transmitted light. It was formerly used in dyeing calico, and was obtained in a large quantities from guano. Formerly called also <altname>ammonium purpurate</altname>.</def>

<h1>Murexo\'8bn</h1>
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<hw>Mu*rex"o*\'8bn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A complex nitrogenous compound obtained as a scarlet crystalline substance, and regarded as related to murexide.</def>

<h1>Muriate</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Muriatic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of muriatic hydrochloric acid; a chloride; <as>as, <ex>muriate</ex> of ammonia</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; This term, as also the word <i>muriatic</i>, was formerly applied to the chlorides before their true composition was understood, and while they were erroneously supposed to be compounds of an acid with an oxide. <i>Muriate</i> and <i>muriatic</i> are still occasionally used as commercial terms, but are obsolete in scientific language.</note>

<h1>Muriated</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ri*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Put in brine.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined or impregnated with muriatic or hydrochloric acid.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>Prepared with chloride of silver through the agency of common salt.</def>

<h1>Muriatic</h1>
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<hw>Mu`ri*at"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>muriaticus</ets> pickled, from <ets>muria</ets> brine: cf. F. <ets>muriatique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, sea salt, or from chlorine, one of the constituents of sea salt; hydrochloric.</def>

<cs><col>Muriatic acid</col>, <cd>hydrochloric acid, <chform>HCl</chform>; -- formerly called also <altname>marine acid</altname>, and <altname>spirit of salt</altname>. See <er>hydrochloric</er>, and the Note under <er>Muriate</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Muriatiferous</h1>
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<hw>Mu`ri*a*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Muriat</ets>ic + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Producing muriatic substances or salt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Muricate, Muricated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mu"ri*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mu"ri*ca`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>muricatus</ets>, fr. <ets>murex</ets> a pointed rock or stone.]</ety> <def>Formed with sharp points; full of sharp points or of pickles; covered, or roughened, as a surface, with sharp points or excrescences.</def>

<h1>Muricoid</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ri*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mur</ets>ex + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or pertaining to, the genus Murex, or family <spn>Muricid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Muriculate</h1>
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<hw>Mu*ric"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Minutely muricate.</def>

<h1>Muride</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>muria</ets> brine.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Bromine; -- formerly so called from its being obtained from sea water.</def>

<h1>Muriform</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ri*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>murus</ets> a wall + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resembling courses of bricks or stones in squareness and regular arrangement; <as>as, a <ex>muriform</ex> variety of cellular tissue</as>.</def>

<h1>Murine</h1>
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<hw>Mu"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>murinus</ets>, from <ets>mus</ets>, <ets>muris</ets>, mouse: cf. F. <ets>murin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a family of rodents (<spn>Murid\'91</spn>), of which the mouse is the type.</def>

<h1>Murine</h1>
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<hw>Mu"rine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a tribe of rodents, of which the mouse is the type.</def>

<h1>Muringer</h1>
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<hw>Mu"rin*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Murenger</er>.</def>

<i>Jacob.</i>

<h1>Murk</h1>
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<hw>Murk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Murky</er>.]</ety> <def>Dark; murky.</def>

<blockquote>He can not see through the mantle <b>murk</b>.
<i>J. R. Drake.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Murk</h1>
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<hw>Murk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Darkness; mirk.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Murk</h1>
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<hw>Murk</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The refuse of fruit, after the juice has been expressed; marc.</def>

<h1>Murkily</h1>
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<hw>Murk"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Darkly; gloomily.</def>

<h1>Murkiness</h1>
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<hw>Murk"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being murky.</def>

<h1>Murky</h1>
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<hw>Murk"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Murkier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Murkiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>mirke</ets>, <ets>merke</ets>, AS. <ets>myrce</ets>, <ets>mirce</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>myrkr</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>m\'94rk</ets>.]</ety> <def>Dark; obscure; gloomy.</def> "The <i>murkiest</i> den."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>murky</b> deep lowering o'er our heads.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Murlins</h1>
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<hw>Mur"lins</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A seaweed. See <er>Baddrelocks</er>.</def>

<h1>Murmur</h1>
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<hw>Mur"mur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>murmure</ets>: cf. L. <ets>murmur</ets>. CF. <er>Murmur</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A low, confused, and indistinct sound, like that of running water.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A complaint half suppressed, or uttered in a low, muttering voice.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Some discontents there are, some idle <b>murmurs</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Murmur</h1>
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<hw>Mur"mur</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Murmured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Murmuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>murmurer</ets>, L. <ets>murmurare</ets>, <ets>murmurari</ets>, fr. <ets>murmur</ets> murmur; cf. Gr.<?/ to roar and boil, said of water, Skr. <ets>marmara</ets> a rustling sound; prob. of imitative origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a low continued noise, like the hum of bees, a stream of water, distant waves, or the wind in a forest.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>murmured</b> as doth a swarm of bees.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To utter complaints in a low, half-articulated voice; to feel or express dissatisfaction or discontent; to grumble; -- often with <i>at</i> or <i>against</i>.</def> "His disciples <i>murmured</i> at it."

<i>John vi. 61.</i>

<blockquote>And all the children of Israel <b>murmured</b> against Moses and against Aaron.
<i>Num. xiv. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Neither <b>murmur</b> ye, as some of them also <b>murmured</b>.
<i>1 Cor. x. 10.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Murmur</h1>
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<hw>Mur"mur</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter or give forth in low or indistinct words or sounds; <as>as, to <ex>murmur</ex> tales</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The people <b>murmured</b> such things concerning him.
<i>John vii. 32.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Murmuration</h1>
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<hw>Mur`mur*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>murmuratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of murmuring; a murmur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Murmurer</h1>
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<hw>Mur"mur*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who murmurs.</def>

<h1>Murmuring</h1>
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<hw>Mur"mur*ing</hw>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Uttering murmurs; making low sounds; complaining.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Mur"mur*ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Murmurous</h1>
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<hw>Mur"mur*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>murmuriosus</ets>, OF. <ets>murmuros</ets>.]</ety> <def>Attended with murmurs; exciting murmurs or complaint; murmuring.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>The lime, a summer home of <b>murmurous</b> wings.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Murnival</h1>
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<hw>Mur"ni*val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. fr. F. <ets>mornifle</ets> a game at cards.]</ety> <def>In the game of gleek, four cards of the same value, as four aces or four kings; hence, four of anything.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mournival</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Murphy</h1>
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<hw>Mur"phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A potato.</def> <mark>[Humorous]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Murr</h1>
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<hw>Murr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. abbrev. from <ets>murrain</ets>.]</ety> <def>A catarrh.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gascoigne.</i>

<h1>Murrain</h1>
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<hw>Mur"rain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>moreine</ets>, OF. <ets>morine</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>morir</ets>, <ets>murir</ets>, 8die, L. <ets>mori</ets>, <ets>moriri</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An infectious and fatal disease among cattle.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<cs><col>A murrain on you</col>, <cd>may you be afflicted with a pestilent disease. <i>Shak</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Murrain</h1>
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<hw>Mur"rain</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having, or afflicted with, murrain.</def>

<h1>Murrayin</h1>
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<hw>Mur"ray*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside found in the flowers of a plant (<spn>Murraya exotica</spn>) of South Asia, and extracted as a white amorphous slightly bitter substance.</def>

<h1>Murre</h1>
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<hw>Murre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of sea birds of the genus <spn>Uria</spn>, or <spn>Catarractes</spn>; a guillemot.</def>

<note>&hand; The murres are allied to the auks, and are abundant on the northern coasts of Europe and America. They often breed in large communities on the projecting ledges of precipituous cliffs, laying one or two large eggs on the bare rocks.</note>

<h1>Murrelet</h1>
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<hw>Murre"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Murre</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of sea birds of the genera <spn>Synthliboramphus</spn> and <spn>Brachyramphus</spn>, inhabiting the North Pacific. They are closely related to the murres.</def>

<h1>Murrey</h1>
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<hw>Mur"rey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>mor\'82e</ets> a dark red color, <ets>mor</ets> blackish brown, fr. L. <ets>morum</ets> mulberry, blackberry, or fr. <ets>Maurus</ets> a Moor. Cf. <er>Mulberry</er>, <er>Moor</er>, <er>Morelle</er>.]</ety> <def>A dark red color.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a dark red color.</def></def2>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Murrhine</h1>
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<hw>Mur"rhine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>murrhinus</ets>, fr. <ets>murrha</ets>: cf. F. <ets>murrhin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Made of the stone or material called by the Romans <i>murrha</i>; -- applied to certain costly vases of great beauty and delicacy used by the luxurious in Rome as wine cups; <as>as, <ex>murrhine</ex> vases, cups, vessels</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Murrhine glass</col>, <cd>glassware made in imitation of murrhine vases and cups.</cd></cs>

<h1>Murrion</h1>
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<hw>Mur"ri*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Murrain</er>.]</ety> <def>Infected with or killed by murrain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Murrion</h1>
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<hw>Mur"ri*on</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A morion. See <er>Morion</er>.</def>

<h1>Murry</h1>
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<hw>Mur"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mur\'91na</er>.</def>

<h1>Murth</h1>
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<hw>Murth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Plenty; abundance.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Murther</h1>
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<hw>Mur"ther</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>Murder, <tt>n.</tt> & <tt>v.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.]</mark> "The treason of the <i>murthering</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Murtherer</h1>
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<hw>Mur"ther*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A murderer.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.]</mark>

<h1>Murza</h1>
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<hw>Mur"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the hereditary nobility among the Tatars, esp. one of the second class.</def>

<note>&hand; This word must not be confounded with the Persian <i>Mirza</i>, though perhaps of the same origin.</note>

<h1>Mus</h1>
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<hw>Mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mures</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a mouse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small rodents, including the common mouse and rat.</def>

<h1>Musa</h1>
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<hw>Mu"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mus\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Ar. <ets>mauz</ets>, <ets>mauza</ets>, banana.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of perennial, herbaceous, endogenous plants of great size, including the banana (<spn>Musa sapientum</spn>), the plantain (<spn>M. paradisiaca</spn> of Linn\'91us, but probably not a distinct species), the Abyssinian (<spn>M. Ensete</spn>), the Philippine Island (<spn>M. textilis</spn>, which yields Manila hemp), and about eighteen other species. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Banana</er> and <er>Plantain</er>.</def>

<h1>Musaceous</h1>
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<hw>Mu*sa"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, plants of the genus Musa.</def>

<h1>Musal</h1>
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<hw>Mus"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Muses, or to Poetry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Musang</h1>
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<hw>Mu*sang"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small animal of Java (<spn>Paradoxirus fasciatus</spn>), allied to the civets. It swallows, but does not digest, large quantities of ripe coffee berries, thus serving to disseminate the coffee plant; hence it is called also <altname>coffee rat</altname>.</def>

<h1>Musar</h1>
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<hw>Mu"sar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An itinerant player on the musette, an instrument formerly common in Europe.</def>

<h1>Musard</h1>
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<hw>Mu"sard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>muser</ets> to loiter, trifle. See <er>Muse</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>A dreamer; an absent-minded person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Musca</h1>
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<hw>Mus"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Musc\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a fly.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of dipterous insects, including the common house fly, and numerous allied species.</def>

<note>&hand; Formerly, a large part of the Diptera were included under the genus <spn>Musca</spn>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A small constellation situated between the Southern Cross and the Pole.</def>

<cs><col>Musc\'91 volitantes</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[L., flying flies.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>Specks or filaments apparently seen moving or glinding about in the field of vision. Their appearance is often a symptom of disease of the eye, or of disorder of the nervous system.</cd></cs>

<h1>Muscadel</h1>
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<hw>Mus"ca*del`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>moscadello</ets>, <ets>moscatello</ets>, LL. <ets>muscatellum</ets> or <ets>muscadellum</ets> (sc. <ets>vinum</ets>), fr. <ets>muscatellus</ets> nutmeglike, dim. of <ets>muscatus</ets> smelling like musk, <ets>muscatum</ets> and <ets>muscata</ets> (sc. <ets>nux</ets>) nutmeg: cf. F. <ets>muscadelle</ets>, fr. Italian. See <er>Musk</er> and cf. <er>Moschatel</er>, <er>Muscardin</er>, <er>Muscat</er>, <er>Nutmeg</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Muscatel</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<blockquote>Quaffed off the <b>muscadel</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Muscadine</h1>
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<hw>Mus"ca*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Muscadel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several very different kinds of grapes, but in America used chiefly for the scuppernong, or southern fox grape, which is said to be the parent stock of the Catawba. See <er>Grapevine</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fragrant and delicious pear.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Muscardin</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Northern muscadine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a derivative of the northern fox grape, and scarcely an improvement upon it.</cd> -- <col>Royal muscadine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a European grape of great value. Its berries are large, round, and of a pale amber color. Called also <altname>golden chasselas</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Muscales</h1>
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<hw>Mus*ca"les</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>muscus</ets> moss.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An old name for mosses in the widest sense, including the true mosses and also hepatic\'91 and sphagna.</def>

<h1>Muscallonge</h1>
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<hw>Mus"cal*longe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Muskellunge</er>.</def>

<h1>Muscardin</h1>
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<hw>Mus"car*din</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>muscadin</ets> a musk-scented lozenge, fr. <ets>muscade</ets> nutmeg, fr. L. <ets>muscus</ets> musk. See <er>Muscadel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common European dormouse; -- so named from its odor.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>muscadine</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Muscardine</h1>
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<hw>Mus`car*dine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A disease which is very destructive to silkworms, and which sometimes extends to other insects. It is attended by the development of a fungus (provisionally called <spn>Botrytis bassiana</spn>). Also, the fungus itself.</def>

<h1>Muscariform</h1>
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<hw>Mus*car"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>muscarium</ets> fly brush + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a brush.</def>

<h1>Muscarin</h1>
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<hw>Mus*ca"rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A solid crystalline substance, <chform>C5H13NO2</chform>, found in the toadstool (<spn>Agaricus muscarius</spn>), and in putrid fish. It is a typical ptomaine, and a violent poison.</def>

<h1>Muscat</h1>
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<hw>Mus"cat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Muscadel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several varieties of Old World grapes, differing in color, size, etc., but all having a somewhat musky flavor. The muscat of Alexandria is a large oval grape of a pale amber color.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>muskat</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Muscatel</h1>
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<hw>Mus"ca*tel`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, or derived from, a muscat grapes or similar grapes; a <i>muscatel</i> grapes; <i>muscatel</i> wine, etc.</def>

<h1>Muscatel</h1>
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<hw>Mus"ca*tel`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A common name for several varieties of rich sweet wine, made in Italy, Spain, and France.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Finest raisins, dried on the vine; "sun raisins."</def>

<altsp>[Variously written <asp>moscatel</asp>, <asp>muscadel</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Muschelkalk</h1>
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<hw>Musch"el*kalk`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., from <ets>muschel</ets> shell + <ets>kalk</ets> limestone.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A kind of shell limestone, whose strata form the middle one of the three divisions of the Triassic formation in Germany. See <i>Chart</i>, under <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Musci</h1>
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<hw>Mus"ci</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>muscus</ets> moss.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An order or subclass of cryptogamous plants; the mosses. See <er>Moss</er>, and <er>Cryptogamia</er>.</def>

<h1>Muscicapine</h1>
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<hw>Mus*cic"a*pine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>musca</ets> a fly + <ets>capere</ets> to catch.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the <spn>Muscicapid\'91</spn>, a family of birds that includes the true flycatchers.</def>

<h1>Muscid</h1>
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<hw>Mus"cid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any fly of the genus Musca, or family <spn>Muscid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Musciform</h1>
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<hw>Mus"ci*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Musca</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the form or structure of flies of the genus Musca, or family <spn>Muscid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Musciform</h1>
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<hw>Mus"ci*form</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Muscus</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the appearance or form of a moss.</def>

<h1>Muscle</h1>
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<hw>Mus"cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>musculus</ets> a muscle, a little mouse, dim. of <ets>mus</ets> a mouse. See <er>Mouse</er>, and cf. sense 3 (below).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An organ which, by its contraction, produces motion</def>. See <i>Illust</i>. of Muscles of the Human Body, in Appendix. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The contractile tissue of which muscles are largely made up.</def>

<note>&hand; Muscles are of two kinds, <i>striated</i> and <i>nonstriated</i>. The striated muscles, which, in most of the higher animals, constitute the principal part of the flesh, exclusive of the fat, are mostly under the control of the will, or <i>voluntary</i>, and are made up of great numbers of elongated fibres bound together into bundles and inclosed in a sheath of connective tissue, the <i>perimysium</i>. Each fiber is inclosed in a delicate membrane (the <i>sarcolemma</i>), is made up of alternate segments of lighter and darker material which give it a transversely striated appearance, and contains, scattered through its substance, protoplasmic nuclei, the so-called <i>muscle corpuscles</i>.</note>

   The nonstriated muscles are <i>involuntary</i>. They constitute a large part of the walls of the alimentary canal, blood vessels, uterus, and bladder, and are found also in the iris, skin, etc. They are made up of greatly elongated cells, usually grouped in bundles or sheets.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Muscular strength or development; <as>as, to show one's <ex>muscle</ex> by lifting a heavy weight</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[AS. <ets>muscle</ets>, L. <ets>musculus</ets> a muscle, mussel. See above.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mussel</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Muscle curve</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>contraction curve of a muscle; a myogram; the curve inscribed, upon a prepared surface, by means of a myograph when acted upon by a contracting muscle. The character of the curve represents the extent of the contraction.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="956">
Page 956<p>

<h1>Muscled</h1>
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<hw>Mus"cled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with muscles; having muscles; <as>as, things well <ex>muscled</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Muscling</h1>
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<hw>Mus"cling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Exhibition or representation of the muscles.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A good piece, the painters say, must have good <b>muscling</b>, as well as coloring and drapery.
<i>Shaftesbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Muscogees</h1>
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<hw>Mus*co"gees</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Muskogees</er>.</def>

<h1>Muscoid</h1>
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<hw>Mus"coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Muscus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>muscoide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Mosslike; resembling moss.</def>

<h1>Muscoid</h1>
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<hw>Mus"coid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A term formerly applied to any mosslike flowerless plant, with a distinct stem, and often with leaves, but without any vascular system.</def>

<h1>Muscology</h1>
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<hw>Mus*col"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Muscus</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bryology.</def>

<h1>Muscosity</h1>
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<hw>Mus*cos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>muscosus</ets> mossy, fr. <ets>muscus</ets> moss.]</ety> <def>Mossiness.</def>

<i>Jonhson.</i>

<h1>Muscovado</h1>
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<hw>Mus`co*va"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. Sp. <ets>mascabado</ets>; cf. Pg. <ets>mascavado</ets>, F. <ets>moscouade</ets>, n., formerly also <ets>mascovade</ets>, It. <ets>mascavato</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, unrefined or raw sugar, obtained from the juice of the sugar cane by evaporating and draining off the molasses. Muscovado sugar contains impurities which render it dark colored and moist.</def>

<h1>Muscovado</h1>
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<hw>Mus`co*va"do</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Unrefined or raw sugar.</def>

<h1>Muscovite</h1>
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<hw>Mus"co*vite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Muscovy glass</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of Muscovy or ancient Russia; hence, a Russian.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Common potash mica. See <er>Mica</er>.</def>

<h1>Muscovy duck</h1>
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<hw>Mus"co*vy duck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[A corruption of <ets>musk</ets> duck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A duck (<spn>Cairina moschata</spn>), larger than the common duck, often raised in poultry yards. Called also <altname>musk duck</altname>. It is native of tropical America, from Mexico to Southern Brazil.</def>

<h1>Muscovy glass</h1>
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<hw>Mus"co*vy glass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From <ets>Muscovy</ets>, the old name of Russia: cf. F. verre de <ets>Moscovie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mica; muscovite. See <er>Mica</er>.</def>

<h1>Muscular</h1>
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<hw>Mus"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>musculaire</ets>. See <er>Muscle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a muscle, or to a system of muscles; consisting of, or constituting, a muscle or muscles; <as>as, <ex>muscular</ex> fiber</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Great <b>muscular</b> strength, accompanied by much awkwardness.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Performed by, or dependent on, a muscle or the muscles.</def> "The <i>muscular</i> motion."

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Well furnished with muscles; having well-developed muscles; brawny; hence, strong; powerful; vigorous; <as>as, a <ex>muscular</ex> body or arm</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Muscular Christian</col>, <cd>one who believes in a part of religious duty to maintain a healthful and vigorous physical state. <i>T. Hughes</i>.</cd> -- <col>Muscular CHristianity</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The practice and opinion of those Christians who believe that it is a part of religious duty to maintain a vigorous condition of the body, and who therefore approve of athletic sports and exercises as conductive to good health, good morals, and right feelings in religious matters.</cd> <i>T. Hughes</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An active, robust, and cheerful Christian life, as opposed to a meditative and gloomy one. <i>C. Kingsley</i>.</cd> -- <col>Muscular excitability</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>that property in virtue of which a muscle shortens, when it is stimulated; irritability.</cd> -- <col>Muscular sense</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>muscular sensibility; the sense by which we obtain knowledge of the condition of our muscles and to what extent they are contracted, also of the position of the various parts of our bodies and the resistance offering by external objects.</cd></cs>

<h1>Muscularity</h1>
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<hw>Mus`cu*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being muscular.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Muscularize</h1>
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<hw>Mus"cu*lar*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make muscular.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Muscularly</h1>
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<hw>Mus"cu*lar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a muscular manner.</def>

<h1>Musculation</h1>
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<hw>Mus`cu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The muscular system of an animal, or of any of its parts.</def>

<h1>Musculature</h1>
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<hw>Mus"cu*la*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>musculature</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Musculation.</def>

<h1>Muscule</h1>
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<hw>Mus"cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>musculus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>muscule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A long movable shed used by besiegers in ancient times in attacking the walls of a fortified town.</def>

<h1>Musculin</h1>
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<hw>Mus"cu*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>musculus</ets> a muscle.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Syntonin</er>.</def>

<h1>Musculocutaneous</h1>
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<hw>Mus`cu*lo*cu*ta"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>musculus</ets> + E. <ets>cutaneous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining both to muscles and skin; <as>as, the <ex>musculocutaneous</ex> nerve</as>.</def>

<h1>Musculophrenic</h1>
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<hw>Mus`cu*lo*phren"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>musculus</ets> muscle + E. <ets>phrenic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the muscles and the diaphragm; <as>as, the <ex>musculophrenic</ex> artery</as>.</def>

<h1>Musculosity</h1>
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<hw>Mus`cu*los"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being musculous; muscularity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Musculospiral</h1>
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<hw>Mus`cu*lo*spi"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>musculus</ets> muscle + E. <ets>spiral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the muscles, and taking a spiral course; -- applied esp. to a large nerve of the arm.</def>

<h1>Musculous</h1>
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<hw>Mus"cu*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>musculosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>musculeux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Muscular.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jonhson.</i>

<h1>Muse</h1>
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<hw>Muse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From F. <ets>musse</ets>. See <er>Muset</er>.]</ety> <def>A gap or hole in a hedge, hence, wall, or the like, through which a wild animal is accustomed to pass; a muset.</def>

<blockquote>Find a hare without a <b>muse</b>.
<i>Old Prov.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Muse</h1>
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<hw>Muse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>Muse</ets>, L. <ets>Musa</ets>, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Mosaic</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Music</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>One of the nine goddesses who presided over song and the different kinds of poetry, and also the arts and sciences; -- often used in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>Granville commands; your aid, O Muses, bring:
What <b>Muse</b> for Granville can refuse to sing?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The names of the Muses were <i>Calliope</i>, <i>Clio</i>, <i>Erato</i>, <i>Euterpe</i>, <i>Melpomene</i>, <i>Polymnia</i> or <i>Polyhymnia</i>, <i>Terpsichore</i>, <i>Thalia</i>, and <i>Urania</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A particular power and practice of poetry.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A poet; a bard.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Muse</h1>
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<hw>Muse</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mused</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Musing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>muser</ets> to loiter or trifle, orig., to stand with open mouth, fr. LL. <ets>musus</ets>, <ets>morsus</ets>, muzzle, snout, fr. L. <ets>morsus</ets> a biting, bite, fr. <ets>mordere</ets> to bite. See <er>Morsel</er>, and cf. Amuse, Muzzle, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To think closely; to study in silence; to meditate.</def> "Thereon <i>mused</i> he."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>He <b>mused</b> upon some dangerous plot.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be absent in mind; to be so occupied in study or contemplation as not to observe passing scenes or things present; to be in a brown study.</def>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To wonder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser. B. Jonson.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To consider; meditate; ruminate. See <er>Ponder</er>.</syn>

<h1>Muse</h1>
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<hw>Muse</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To think on; to meditate on.</def>

<blockquote>Come, then, expressive Silence, <b>muse</b> his praise.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wonder at.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Muse</h1>
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<hw>Muse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Contemplation which abstracts the mind from passing scenes; absorbing thought; hence, absence of mind; a brown study.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wonder, or admiration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Museful</h1>
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<hw>Muse"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Meditative; thoughtfully silent.</def> "<i>Museful</i> mopings." <i>Dryden</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Muse"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Museless</h1>
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<hw>Muse"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unregardful of the Muses; disregarding the power of poetry; unpoetical.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Muser</h1>
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<hw>Mus"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who muses.</def>

<h1>Muset</h1>
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<hw>Mu"set</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>mussette</ets>, dim. of <ets>musse</ets>, <ets>muce</ets>, a hiding place, fr. F. <ets>musser</ets>, OF. <ets>mucier</ets>, <ets>muchier</ets>, to conceal, hide. Cf. <er>Micher</er>.]</ety> <def>A small hole or gap through which a wild animal passes; a muse.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Musette</h1>
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<hw>Mu*sette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of OF. <ets>muse</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small bagpipe formerly in use, having a soft and sweet tone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An air adapted to this instrument; also, a kind of rustic dance.</def>

<h1>Museum</h1>
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<hw>Mu*se"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a temple of the Muses, hence, a place of study, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a Muse.]</ety> <def>A repository or a collection of natural, scientific, or literary curiosities, or of works of art.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Museum beetle</col>, <col>Museum pest</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Anthrenus</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mush</h1>
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<hw>Mush</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gael. <ets>mus</ets>, <ets>muss</ets>, pap, porridge, any thick preparation of fruit, OHG. <ets>muos</ets>; akin to AS. & OS. <ets>m\'d3s</ets> food, and prob, to E. <ets>meat</ets>. See <er>Meat</er>.]</ety> <def>Meal (esp. Indian meal) boiled in water; hasty pudding; supawn.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Mush</h1>
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<hw>Mush</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>moucheter</ets> to cut with small cuts.]</ety> <def>To notch, cut, or indent, as cloth, with a stamp.</def>

<h1>Mushroom</h1>
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<hw>Mush"room</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>muscheron</ets>, OF. <ets>mouscheron</ets>, F. <ets>mousseron</ets>; perhaps fr. <ets>mousse</ets> moss, of German origin. See <er>Moss</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An edible fungus (<spn>Agaricus campestris</spn>), having a white stalk which bears a convex or oven flattish expanded portion called the <i>pileus</i>. This is whitish and silky or somewhat scaly above, and bears on the under side radiating gills which are at first flesh-colored, but gradually become brown. The plant grows in rich pastures and is proverbial for rapidity of growth and shortness of duration. It has a pleasant smell, and is largely used as food. It is also cultivated from spawn.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any large fungus, especially one of the genus <spn>Agaricus</spn>; a toadstool. Several species are edible; but many are very poisonous.</def>
<-- (b) any fungus developing a visible fruiting body with a stem and cap, usu. of the basidiomycetes. -- a term used most often for edible varieties -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who rises suddenly from a low condition in life; an upstart.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Mushroom</h1>
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<hw>Mush"room</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to mushrooms; <as>as, <ex>mushroom</ex> catchup</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling mushrooms in rapidity of growth and shortness of duration; short-lived; ephemerial; <as>as, <ex>mushroom</ex> cities</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Mushroom anchor</col>, <cd>an anchor shaped like a mushroom, capable of grasping the ground in whatever way it falls.</cd> -- <col>Mushroom coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any coral of the genus Fungia. See <er>Fungia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mushroom spawn</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the mycelium, or primary filamentous growth, of the mushroom; also, cakes of earth and manure containing this growth, which are used for propagation of the mushroom.</cd></cs><-- mushroom cloud, a cloud of smoke rising and then spreading laterally to take on the shape of a mushroom -- caused by large fires or explosions, esp. nuclear explosions -->

<-- mushroom v. to grow or expand rapidly.
   mushroom into -- to grow so much and so rapidly as to change qualitatively  -->

<h1>Mushroom-headed</h1>
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<hw>Mush"room-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a cylindrical body with a convex head of larger diameter; having a head like that of a mushroom.</def>

<h1>Mushy</h1>
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<hw>Mush"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Soft like mush; figuratively, good-naturedly weak and effusive; weakly sentimental.</def>

<blockquote>She 's not <b>mushy</b>, but her heart is tender.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Music</h1>
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<hw>Mu"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>musique</ets>, fr. L. <ets>musica</ets>, Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), any art over which the Muses presided, especially music, lyric poetry set and sung to music, fr. <?/ belonging to Muses or fine arts, fr. <?/ Muse.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science and the art of tones, or musical sounds, <i>i</i>.<i>e</i>., sounds of higher or lower pitch, begotten of uniform and synchronous vibrations, as of a string at various degrees of tension; the science of harmonical tones which treats of the principles of harmony, or the properties, dependences, and relations of tones to each other; the art of combining tones in a manner to please the ear.</def>

<note>&hand; Not all <i>sounds</i> are <i>tones</i>. Sounds may be unmusical and yet please the ear. <i>Music</i> deals with <i>tones</i>, and with no other sounds. See <er>Tone</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Melody; a rhythmical and otherwise agreeable succession of tones.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Harmony; an accordant combination of simultaneous tones.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The written and printed notation of a musical composition; the score.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Love of music; capacity of enjoying music.</def>

<blockquote>The man that hath ni <b>music</b> in himself
Nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds,
Is fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A more or less musical sound made by many of the lower animals. See <er>Stridulation</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Magic music</col>, <cd>a game in which a person is guided in finding a hidden article, or in doing a specific art required, by music which is made more loud or rapid as he approaches success, and slower as he recedes. <i>Tennyson</i>.<-- like hot and cold --></cd> -- <col>Music box</col>. <cd>See <cref>Musical box</cref>, under <er>Musical</er>.</cd> -- <col>Music hall</col>, <cd>a place for public musical entertainments.</cd> -- <col>Music loft</col>, <cd>a gallery for musicians, as in a dancing room or a church.</cd> -- <col>Music of the spheres</col>, <cd>the harmony supposed to be produced by the accordant movement of the celestial spheres.</cd> -- <col>Music paper</col>, <cd>paper ruled with the musical staff, for the use of composers and copyists.</cd> -- <col>Music pen</col>, <cd>a pen for ruling at one time the five lines of the musical staff.</cd> -- <col>Music shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a handsomely colored marine gastropod shell (<spn>Voluta musica</spn>) found in the East Indies; -- so called because the color markings often resemble printed music. Sometimes applied to other shells similarly marked.</cd> -- <col>To face the music</col>, <cd>to meet any disagreeable necessity without flinching. <mark>[Colloq. or Slang]</mark></cd></cs><-- esp. reprimand for an error or misdeed -->

<h1>Musical</h1>
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<hw>Mu"sic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>musical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to music; having the qualities of music; or the power of producing music; devoted to music; melodious; harmonious; <as>as, <ex>musical</ex> proportion; a <ex>musical</ex> voice; <ex>musical</ex> instruments; a <ex>musical</ex> sentence; <ex>musical</ex> persons.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Musical</col>, &or; <col>Music</col>, <col>box</col></mcol>, <cd>a box or case containing apparatus moved by clockwork so as to play certain tunes automatically.</cd> -- <col>Musical fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any fish which utters sounds under water, as the drumfish, grunt, gizzard shad, etc.</cd> -- <col>Musical glasses</col>, <cd>glass goblets or bowls so tuned and arranged that when struck, or rubbed, they produce musical notes. CF. <er>Harmonica</er>, 1.</cd></cs>

<h1>Musical</h1>
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<hw>Mu"sic*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Music.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To fetch home May with their <b>musical</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A social entertainment of which music is the leading feature; a musical party.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<-- 3. A drama in which music and song are prominent features = musical drama, musical play -->

<h1>Musicale</h1>
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<hw>Mu`si`cale"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. Cf. <ets>Soir\'82e musicale</ets>.]</ety> <def>A social musical party.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Musically</h1>
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<hw>Mu"sic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a musical manner.</def>

<h1>Musicalness</h1>
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<hw>Mu"sic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being musical.</def>

<h1>Musician</h1>
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<hw>Mu*si"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>musicien</ets>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in the art or science of music; esp., a skilled singer, or performer on a musical instrument.</def>

<h1>Musicomania</h1>
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<hw>Mu`si*co*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Music</ets> + <ets>mania</ets>: cf. F. <ets>musicomanie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of monomania in which the passion for music becomes so strong as to derange the intellectual faculties.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Musimon</h1>
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<hw>Mus"i*mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Musmon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mouflon</er>.</def>

<h1>Musingly</h1>
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<hw>Mus"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a musing manner.</def>

<h1>Musit</h1>
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<hw>Mu"sit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Muset</er>.</def>

<h1>Musk</h1>
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<hw>Musk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>musc</ets>, L. <ets>muscus</ets>, Per. <ets>musk</ets>, fr. Skr. <ets>mushka</ets> testicle, orig., a little mouse. See <er>Mouse</er>, and cd. <er>Abelmosk</er>, <er>Muscadel</er>, <er>Muscovy duck</er>, <er>Nutmeg</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A substance of a reddish brown color, and when fresh of the consistence of honey, obtained from a bag being behind the navel of the male musk deer. It has a slightly bitter taste, but is specially remarkable for its powerful and enduring odor. It is used in medicine as a stimulant antispasmodic. The term is also applied to secretions of various other animals, having a similar odor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The musk deer. See <cref>Musk deer</cref> (below).</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The perfume emitted by musk, or any perfume somewhat similar.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The musk plant (<spn>Mimulus moschatus</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Erodium</spn> (<spn>E. moschatum</spn>); -- called also <altname>musky heron's-bill</altname>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Muscari</spn>; grape hyacinth.</def>

<cs><col>Musk beaver</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>muskrat (1).</cd> -- <col>Musk beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European longicorn beetle (<spn>Aromia moschata</spn>), having an agreeable odor resembling that of attar of roses.</cd> -- <col>Musk cat</col>. <cd>See <er>Bondar</er>.</cd> -- <col>Musk cattle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>musk oxen. See <cref>Musk ox</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Musk deer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small hornless deer (<spn>Moschus moschiferus</spn>), which inhabits the elevated parts of Central Asia. The upper canine teeth of the male are developed into sharp tusks, curved downward. The male has scent bags on the belly, from which the musk of commerce is derived. The deer is yellow or red-brown above, whitish below. The pygmy musk deer are chevrotains, as the kanchil and napu.</cd> -- <col>Musk duck</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The Muscovy duck</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An Australian duck (<spn>Biziura lobata</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Musk lorikeet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Pacific lorikeet (<spn>Glossopsitta australis</spn>) of Australia.</cd> -- <col>Musk mallow</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name of two malvaceous plants</cd>: <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A species of mallow (<spn>Malva moschata</spn>), the foliage of which has a faint musky smell</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An Asiatic shrub. See <er>Abelmosk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Musk orchis</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a European plant of the Orchis family (<spn>Herminium Minorchis</spn>); -- so called from its peculiar scent.</cd> -- <col>Musk ox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Arctic hollow-horned ruminant (<spn>Ovibos moschatus</spn>), now existing only in America, but found fossil in Europe and Asia. It is covered with a thick coat of fine yellowish wool, and with long dark hair, which is abundant and shaggy on the neck and shoulders. The full-grown male weighs over four hundred pounds.</cd> -- <col>Musk parakeet</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Musk lorikeet</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Musk pear</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a fragrant kind of pear much resembling the Seckel pear.</cd> -- <col>Musk plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the <spn>Mimulus moschatus</spn>, a plant found in Western North America, often cultivated, and having a strong musky odor.</cd> -- <col>Musk root</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the name of several roots with a strong odor, as that of the nard (<spn>Nardostachys Jatamansi</spn>) and of a species of <spn>Angelica</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Musk rose</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of rose (<spn>Rosa moschata</spn>), having peculiarly fragrant white blossoms.</cd> -- <col>Musk seed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the seed of a plant of the Mallow family (<spn>Hibiscus moschatus</spn>), used in perfumery and in flavoring. See <er>Abelmosk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Musk sheep</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the musk ox.</cd> -- <col>Musk shrew</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a shrew (<spn>Sorex murinus</spn>), found in India. It has a powerful odor of musk. Called also <altname>sondeli</altname>, and <altname>mondjourou</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Musk thistle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of thistle (<spn>Carduus nutans</spn>), having fine large flowers, and leaves smelling strongly of musk.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Musk tortoise</col>, <col>Musk turtle</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small American fresh-water tortoise (<spn>Armochelys, &or; Ozotheca, odorata</spn>), which has a distinct odor of musk; -- called also <altname>stinkpot</altname>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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Page 957<p>

<h1>Musk</h1>
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<hw>Musk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To perfume with musk.</def>

<h1>Muskadel</h1>
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<hw>Mus"ka*del`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Muscadel</er>.</def>

<h1>Muskat</h1>
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<hw>Mus"kat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Muscat</er>.</def>

<h1>Muskellunge</h1>
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<hw>Mus"kel*lunge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the Amer. Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large American pike (<spn>Esox nobilitor</spn>) found in the Great Lakes, and other Northern lakes, and in the St. Lawrence River. It is valued as a food fish.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>maskallonge</asp>, <asp>maskinonge</asp>, <asp>muskallonge</asp>, <asp>muskellonge</asp>, and <asp>muskelunjeh</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Musket</h1>
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<hw>Mus"ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mousquet</ets>, It. <ets>moschetto</ets>, formerly, a kind of hawk; cf. OF. <ets>mousket</ets>, <ets>moschet</ets>, a kind of hawk falcon, F. <ets>mouchet</ets>, prop., a little fly (the hawk prob. being named from its size), fr. L. <ets>musca</ets> a fly. Cf. <er>Mosquito</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Sometimes written also <asp>musquet</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The male of the sparrow hawk.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A species of firearm formerly carried by the infantry of an army. It was originally fired by means of a match, or matchlock, for which several mechanical appliances (including the flintlock, and finally the percussion lock) were successively substituted. This arm has been generally superseded by the rifle.</def><-- completely superseded -->

<h1>Musketeer</h1>
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<hw>Mus`ket*eer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mousquetaire</ets>; cf. It. <ets>moschettiere</ets>.]</ety> <def>A soldier armed with a musket.</def>

<h1>Musketo</h1>
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<hw>Mus*ke"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mosquito</er>.</def>

<h1>Musketoon</h1>
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<hw>Mus`ket*oon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mousqueton</ets>; cf. It. <ets>moschettone</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A short musket.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is armed with such a musket.</def>

<h1>Musketry</h1>
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<hw>Mus"ket*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mousqueterie</ets>; cf. It. <ets>moschetteria</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Muskets, collectively.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fire of muskets.</def>

<i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Muskiness</h1>
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<hw>Musk"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being musky; the scent of musk.</def>

<h1>Muskmelon</h1>
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<hw>Musk"mel`on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Musk</ets> + <ets>melon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit of a cucubritaceous plant (<spn>Cicumis Melo</spn>), having a peculiar aromatic flavor, and cultivated in many varieties, the principal sorts being the cantaloupe, of oval form and yellowish flesh, and the smaller nutmeg melon with greenish flesh.  See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Melon</er>.</def>

<h1>Muskogees</h1>
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<hw>Mus*ko"gees</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Muskogee</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A powerful tribe of North American Indians that formerly occupied the region of Georgia, Florida, and Alabama. They constituted a large part of the Creek confederacy.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Muscogees</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Muskrat</h1>
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<hw>Musk"rat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A North American aquatic fur-bearing rodent (<spn>Fiber zibethicus</spn>). It resembles a rat in color and having a long scaly tail, but the tail is compressed, the bind feet are webbed, and the ears are concealed in the fur. It has scent glands which secrete a substance having a strong odor of musk. Called also <altname>musquash</altname>, <altname>musk beaver</altname>, and <altname>ondatra</altname>.</def><-- and sometimes water rat -->

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The musk shrew.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The desman.</def>

<h1>Muskwood</h1>
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<hw>Musk"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from its fragrance.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The wood of a West Indian tree of the Mahogany family (<spn>Moschoxylum Swartzii</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The wood of an Australian tree (<spn>Eurybia argophylla</spn>).</def>

<h1>Musky</h1>
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<hw>Musk"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having an odor of musk, or somewhat the like.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Muslim</h1>
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<hw>Mus"lim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Moslem</er>.</def>

<h1>Muslin</h1>
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<hw>Mus"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mousseline</ets>; cf. It. <ets>mussolino</ets>, <ets>mussolo</ets>, Sp. <ets>muselina</ets>; all from <ets>Mussoul</ets> a city of Mesopotamia, Ar. <ets>Mausil</ets>, Syr. <ets>Mauzol</ets>, <ets>Muzol</ets>, <ets>Mosul</ets>, where it was first manufactured. Cf. <er>Mull</er> a kind of cloth.]</ety> <def>A thin cotton, white, dyed, or printed. The name is also applied to coarser and heavier cotton goods; <as>as, shirting and sheeting <ex>muslins</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Muslin cambric</col>. <cd>See <er>Cambric</er>.</cd> -- <col>Muslin delaine</col>, <cd>a light woolen fabric for women's dresses. See <er>Delaine</er>.</cd> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mousseline de laine<asp>.]</altsp></cs>

<h1>Muslinet</h1>
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<hw>Mus`lin*et"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mousselinette</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sort of coarse or light cotton cloth.</def>

<h1>Musmon</h1>
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<hw>Mus"mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>musmo</ets>, <ets>musimo</ets>, a Sardinian animal; cf. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mouflon</er>.</def>

<h1>Musomania</h1>
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<hw>Mu`so*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Musicomania</er>.</def>

<h1>Musquash</h1>
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<hw>Mus"quash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[American Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Muskrat</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Musquash root</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an umbelliferous plant (<spn>Cicuta maculata</spn>), having a poisonous root. See <er>Water hemlock</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Musquaw</h1>
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<hw>Mus"quaw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[American Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American black bear. See <er>Bear</er>.</def>

<h1>Musquet</h1>
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<hw>Mus"quet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Musket</er>.</def>

<h1>Musquito</h1>
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<hw>Mus*qui"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mosquito</er>.</def>

<h1>Musrole, Musrol</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mus"role</hw>, <hw>Mus"rol</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>muserolle</ets>, fr. <ets>muserau</ets> a muzzle, OF. <ets>musel</ets>. See <er>Muzzle</er>.]</ety> <def>The nose band of a horse's bridle.</def>

<h1>Muss</h1>
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<hw>Muss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>mousche</ets> a fly, also, the play called <ets>muss</ets>, fr. L. <ets>musca</ets> a fly.]</ety> <def>A scramble, as when small objects are thrown down, to be taken by those who can seize them; a confused struggle.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Muss</h1>
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<hw>Muss</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of confusion or disorder; -- prob. variant of <i>mess</i>, but influenced by <i>muss</i>, a scramble.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Muss</h1>
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<hw>Muss</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mussed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mussing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To disarrange, as clothing; to rumple.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>
<-- often used with up = muss up -->

<h1>Muss</h1>
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<hw>Muss</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>mus</ets> a mouse. See <er>Mouse</er>.]</ety> <def>A term of endearment. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Mouse</er>.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Mussel</h1>
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<hw>Mus"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Muscle</er>, 3.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of many species of marine bivalve shells of the genus <spn>Mytilus</spn>, and related genera, of the family <spn>Mytid\'91</spn>. The common mussel (<spn>Mytilus edulis</spn>; see <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Byssus</er>), and the larger, or horse, mussel (<spn>Modiola modiolus</spn>), inhabiting the shores both of Europe and America, are edible. The former is extensively used as food in Europe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of <spn>Unio</spn>, and related fresh-water genera; -- called also <altname>river mussel</altname>. See <er>Naiad</er>, and <er>Unio</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Mussel digger</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the grayback whale. See <cref>Gray whale</cref>, under <er>Gray</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mussitation</h1>
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<hw>Mus`si*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mussitatio</ets> suppression of the voice, fr. <ets>mussitare</ets> to be silent, to murmur.]</ety> <def>A speaking in a low tone; mumbling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mussite</h1>
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<hw>Mus"site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of pyroxene, from the Mussa Alp in Piedmont; diopside.</def>

<h1>Mussulman</h1>
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<hw>Mus"sul*man</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mussulmans</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Ar. <ets>muslim\'c6n</ets>, pl. of <ets>muslim</ets>: cf. F. & Sp. <ets>musulman</ets>. See <er>Moslem</er>.]</ety> <def>A Mohammedan; a Moslem.</def>

<h1>Mussulmanic</h1>
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<hw>Mus`sul*man"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or like, the Mussulmans, or their customs: Mohammedan.</def>

<h1>Mussulmanish</h1>
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<hw>Mus"sul*man*ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mohammedan.</def>

<h1>Mussulmanism</h1>
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<hw>Mus"sul*man*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Mohammedanism.</def>

<h1>Mussulmanly</h1>
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<hw>Mus"sul*man*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of Moslems.</def>

<h1>Mussy</h1>
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<hw>Muss"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 2d <er>Muss</er>.]</ety> <def>Disarranged; rumpled.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Must</h1>
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<hw>Must</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. &or; auxiliary</tt>. <ety>[OE. <ets>moste</ets>, a pret. generally meaning, could, was free to, pres. <ets>mot</ets>, <ets>moot</ets>, AS. <ets>m\'d3ste</ets>, pret. <ets>m\'d3t</ets>, pres.; akin to D. <ets>moetan</ets> to be obliged, OS. <ets>m\'d3tan</ets> to be free, to be obliged, OHG. <ets>muozan</ets>, G. <ets>m\'81ssen</ets> to be obliged, Sw. <ets>m\'86ste</ets> must, Goth. <ets>gam\'d3tan</ets> to have place, have room, to able; of unknown origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be obliged; to be necessitated; -- expressing either physical or moral necessity; <as>as, a man <ex>must</ex> eat for nourishment; we <ex>must</ex> submit to the laws.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be morally required; to be necessary or essential to a certain quality, character, end, or result; <as>as, he <ex>must</ex> reconsider the matter; he <ex>must</ex> have been insane.</as></def>

<blockquote>Likewise <b>must</b> the deacons be grave.
<i>1 Tim. iii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Morover, he [a bishop] <b>must</b> have a good report of them which are without.
<i>1 Tim. iii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The principal verb, if easy supplied by the mind, was formerly often omitted when <i>must</i> was used; as, I <i>must</i> away. "I <i>must</i> to Coventry." <i>Shak</i>.</note>

<h1>Must</h1>
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<hw>Must</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>must</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mustum</ets> (sc. <ets>vinum</ets>), from <ets>mustus</ets> young, new, fresh. Cf. <er>Mustard</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The expressed juice of the grape, or other fruit, before fermentation.</def> "These men ben full of <i>must</i>."

<i>Wyclif (Acts ii. 13. ).</i>

<blockquote>No fermenting <b>must</b> fills ... the deep vats.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Musty</er>.]</ety> <def>Mustiness.</def>

<h1>Must</h1>
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<hw>Must</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To make musty; to become musty.</def>

<h1>Mustac</h1>
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<hw>Mus"tac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>moustac</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small tufted monkey.</def>

<h1>Mustache</h1>
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<hw>Mus*tache"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mustaches</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <altsp>[Written also <asp>moustache</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[F. <ets>moustache</ets>, It. <ets>mostaccio</ets> visage, <ets>mostacchio</ets> mustache, fr. Gr. <?/ upper lip and the beard upon it; cf. <?/ mouth: cf. Sp. <ets>mostacho</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That part of the beard which grows on the upper lip; hair left growing above the mouth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A West African monkey (<spn>Cercopithecus cephus</spn>). It has yellow whiskers, and a triangular blue mark on the nose.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any conspicuous stripe of color on the side of the head, beneath the eye of a bird.</def>

<h1>Mustacho</h1>
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<hw>Mus*ta"cho</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mustachios</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A mustache.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Mustachoed</h1>
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<hw>Mus*ta"choed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having mustachios.</def>

<h1>Mustaiba</h1>
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<hw>Mus`ta*i"ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A close-grained, neavy wood of a brownish color, brought from Brazil, and used in turning, for making the handles of tools, and the like.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mostahiba</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>MaElrath.</i>

<h1>Mustang</h1>
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<hw>Mus"tang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>muste\'a4o</ets> belonging to the graziers, strayed, wild.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The half-wild horse of the plains in Mexico, California, etc. It is small, hardy, and easily sustained.</def>

<cs><col>Mustard grape</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of grape (<spn>Vitis candicans</spn>), native in Arkansas and Texas. The berries are small, light-colored, with an acid skin and a sweet pulp.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mustard</h1>
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<hw>Mus"tard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>moustarde</ets>, F. <ets>moutarde</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mustum</ets> must, -- mustard was prepared for use by being mixed with <ets>must</ets>. See <er>Must</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of several cruciferous plants of the genus <spn>Brassica</spn> (formerly <spn>Sinapis</spn>), as white mustard (<spn>B. alba</spn>), black mustard (<spn>B. Nigra</spn>), wild mustard or charlock (<spn>B. Sinapistrum</spn>).</def>

<note>&hand; There are also many herbs of the same family which are called <i>mustard</i>, and have more or less of the flavor of the true mustard; as, bowyer's mustard (<spn>Lepidium ruderale</spn>); hedge mustard (<spn>Sisymbrium officinale</spn>); Mithridate mustard (<spn>Thlaspi arvense</spn>); tower mustard (<spn>Arabis perfoliata</spn>); treacle mustard (<spn>Erysimum cheiranthoides</spn>).</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A powder or a paste made from the seeds of black or white mustard, used as a condiment and a rubefacient. Taken internally it is stimulant and diuretic, and in large doses is emetic.</def>

<cs><col>Mustard oil</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a substance obtained from mustard, as a transparent, volatile and intensely pungent oil. The name is also extended to a number of analogous compounds produced either naturally or artificially.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mustee</h1>
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<hw>Mus*tee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mestee</er>.</def>

<h1>Musteline</h1>
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<hw>Mus"te*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mustelinus</ets>, fr. <ets>mustela</ets> weasel.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the family <spn>Mustelid\'91</spn>, or the weasels and martens.</def>

<h1>Muster</h1>
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<hw>Mus"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>moustre</ets>, OF. <ets>mostre</ets>, <ets>moustre</ets>, F. <ets>montre</ets>, LL. <ets>monstra</ets>. See <er>Muster</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something shown for imitation; a pattern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A show; a display.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An assembling or review of troops, as for parade, verification of numbers, inspection, exercise, or introduction into service.</def>

<blockquote>The hurried <b>muster</b> of the soldiers of liberty.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>See how in warlike <b>muster</b> they appear,
In rhombs, and wedges, and half-moons, and wings.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The sum total of an army when assembled for review and inspection; the whole number of effective men in an army.</def>

<blockquote>And the <b>muster</b> was thirty thousands of men.
<i>Wyclif.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ye publish the <b>musters</b> of your own bands, and proclaim them to amount of thousands.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Any assemblage or display; a gathering.</def>

<blockquote>Of the temporal grandees of the realm, mentof their wives and daughters, the <b>muster</b> was great and splendid.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Muster book</col>, <cd>a book in which military forces are registred.</cd> -- <col>Muster file</col>, <cd>a muster roll.</cd> -- <col>Muster master</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>one who takes an account of troops, and of their equipment; a mustering officer; an inspector.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Muster roll</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a list or register of all the men in a company, troop, or regiment, present or accounted for on the day of muster.</cd> -- <col>To pass muster</col>, <cd>to pass through a muster or inspection without censure.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Such excuses will not <b>pass muster</b> with God.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Muster</h1>
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<hw>Mus"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mustered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mustering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>mustren</ets>, prop., to show, OF. <ets>mostrer</ets>, <ets>mustrer</ets>, <ets>moustrer</ets>, <ets>monstrer</ets>, F. <ets>montrer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>monstrare</ets> to show. See <er>Monster</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To collect and display; to assemble, as troops for parade, inspection, exercise, or the like.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: To summon together; to enroll in service; to get together.</def> "Mustering <i>all its force</i>."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>All the gay feathers he could <b>muster</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To muster troops into service</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to inspect and enter troops on the muster roll of the army.</cd> -- <col>To muster troops out of service</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to register them for final payment and discharge.</cd> -- <col>To muster up</col>, <cd>to gather up; to succeed in obtaining; to obtain with some effort or difficulty.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>One of those who can <b>muster up</b> sufficient sprightliness to engage in a game of forfeits.
<i>Hazlitt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Muster</h1>
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<hw>Mus"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be gathered together for parade, inspection, exercise, or the like; to come together as parts of a force or body; <as>as, his supporters <ex>mustered</ex> in force</as>.</def> "The <i>mustering</i> squadron."

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Mustily</h1>
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<hw>Mus"ti*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>In a musty state.</def>

<h1>Mustiness</h1>
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<hw>Mus"ti*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being musty.</def>

<h1>Musty</h1>
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<hw>Mus"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Mustier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Mustiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From L. <ets>mustum</ets> must; or perh. fr. E. <ets>moist</ets>. Cf. <er>Must</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Moist</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the rank, pungent, offencive odor and taste which substances of organic origin acquire during warm, moist weather; foul or sour and fetid; moldy; <as>as, <ex>musty</ex> corn; <ex>musty</ex> books.</as></def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Spoiled by age; rank; stale.</def>

<blockquote>The proverb is somewhat <b>musty</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Dull; heavy; spiritless.</def> "That he may not grow <i>musty</i> and unfit for conversation."

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Mutability</h1>
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<hw>Mu`ta*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mutabilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mutabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being mutable, or subject to change or alteration, either in form, state, or essential character; susceptibility of change; changeableness; inconstancy; variation.</def>

<blockquote>Plato confessed that the heavens and the frame of the world are corporeal, and therefore subject to <b>mutability</b>.
<i>Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mutable</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mutabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>mutare</ets> to change. See <er>Move</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of alteration; subject to change; changeable in form, qualities, or nature.</def>

<blockquote>Things of the most accidental and <b>mutable</b> nature.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Changeable; inconstant; unsettled; unstable; fickle.</def> "Most <i>mutable</i> wishes."

<i>Byron.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Changeable; alterable; unstable; unsteady; unsettled; wavering; inconstant; variable; fickle.</syn>

<h1>Mutableness</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ta*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being mutable.</def>

<h1>Mutably</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ta*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Changeably.</def>

<h1>Mutacism</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ta*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Mytacism</er>.</def>

<h1>Mutage</h1>
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<hw>Mu"tage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A process for checking the fermentation of the must of grapes.</def>

<hr>
<page="958">
Page 958<p>

<h1>Mutandum</h1>
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<hw>Mu*tan"dum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mutanda</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>mutare</ets> to change.]</ety> <def>A thing which is to be changed; something which must be altered; -- used chiefly in the plural.</def>

<h1>Mutation</h1>
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<hw>Mu*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mutatio</ets>, fr. <ets>mutare</ets> to change: cf. F. <ets>mutation</ets>. See <er>Mutable</er>.]</ety> <def>Change; alteration, either in form or qualities.</def>

<blockquote>The vicissitude or <b>mutations</b> in the superior globe are no fit matter for this present argument.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mutch</h1>
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<hw>Mutch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>mutse</ets> a cap, G. <ets>m\'81tze</ets>. Cf. <er>Amice</er> a cape.]</ety> <def>The close linen or muslin cap of an old woman.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Muchkin</h1>
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<hw>Much"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A liquid measure equal to four gills, or an imperial pint.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Mute</h1>
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<hw>Mute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mutare</ets> to change. See <er>Molt</er>.]</ety> <def>To cast off; to molt.</def>

<blockquote>Have I <b>muted</b> all my feathers?
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mute</h1>
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<hw>Mute</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mutir</ets>, <ets>\'82meutir</ets>, OF. <ets>esmeltir</ets>, fr. OD. <ets>smelten</ets>, prop., to melt. See <er>Smelt</er>.]</ety> <def>To eject the contents of the bowels; -- said of birds.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Mute</h1>
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<hw>Mute</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The dung of birds.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Mute</h1>
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<hw>Mute</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mutus</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ to shut, Skr. <ets>m<?/ta</ets> bound, <ets>m<?/ka</ets> dumb: cf. OE. <ets>muet</ets>, fr. F. <ets>muet</ets>, a dim. of OF. <ets>mu</ets>, L. <ets>mutus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not speaking; uttering no sound; silent.</def>

<blockquote>All the heavenly choir stood <b>mute</b>,
And silence was in heaven.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In law a prisoner is said to stand <i>mute</i>, when, upon being arranged, he makes no answer, or does not plead directly, or will not put himself on trial.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Incapable of speaking; dumb.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not uttered; unpronounced; silent; also, produced by complete closure of the mouth organs which interrupt the passage of breath; -- said of certain letters. See 5th <er>Mute</er>, 2.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not giving a ringing sound when struck; -- said of a metal.</def>

<cs><col>Mute swan</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European wild white swan (<spn>Cygnus gibbus</spn>), which produces no loud notes.</cd></cs><-- in distinction from the Trumpeter swan -->

<syn>Syn. -- Silent; dumb; speechless.</syn>  -- <usage><er>Mute</er>, <er>Silent</er>, <er>Dumb</er>. One is <i>silent</i> who <i>does</i> not speak; one is <i>dumb</i> who <i>can</i> not, for want of the proper organs; <as>as, a <ex>dumb</ex> beast, etc.; and hence, figuratively, we speak of a person as struck <i>dumb</i> with astonishment, etc. One is <i>mute</i> who is <i>held back</i> from speaking by some special cause; <as>as, he was <ex>mute</ex> through fear; <ex>mute</ex> astonishment, etc.</as> Such is the case with most of those who never speak from childhood; they are not ordinarily <i>dumb</i>, but <i>mute</i> because they are deaf, and therefore never learn to talk; and hence their more appropriate name is <i>deaf-mutes</i>.</usage>

<blockquote>They spake not a word;
But, like <b>dumb</b> statues, or breathing stones,
Gazed each on other.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All sat <b>mute</b>,
Pondering the danger with deep thoughts.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mute</h1>
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<hw>Mute</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who does not speak, whether from physical inability, unwillingness, or other cause.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who, from deafness, either congenital or from early life, is unable to use articulate language; a deaf-mute.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A person employed by undertakers at a funeral.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A person whose part in a play does not require him to speak.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Among the Turks, an officer or attendant who is selected for his place because he can not speak.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>A letter which represents no sound; a silent letter; also, a close articulation; an element of speech formed by a position of the mouth organs which stops the passage of the breath; <as>as, <stype>p</stype>, <stype>b</stype>, <stype>d</stype>, <stype>k</stype>, <stype>t</stype></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A little utensil made of brass, ivory, or other material, so formed that it can be fixed in an erect position on the bridge of a violin, or similar instrument, in order to deaden or soften the tone.</def>

<h1>Mute-hill</h1>
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<hw>Mute"-hill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Moot-hill</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Mutely</h1>
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<hw>Mute"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without uttering words or sounds; in a mute manner; silently.</def>

<h1>Muteness</h1>
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<hw>Mute"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being mute; speechlessness.</def>

<h1>Mutic, Muticous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mu"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mu"ti*cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>muticus</ets>, for <ets>mutilus</ets>. See <er>Mutilate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without a point or pointed process; blunt.</def>

<h1>Mutilate</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ti*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mutilatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>mutilare</ets> to mutilate, fr. <ets>mutilus</ets> maimed; cf. Gr. <?/, <?/. Cf. <er>Mutton</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Deprived of, or having lost, an important part; mutilated.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having finlike appendages or flukes instead of legs, as a cetacean.</def>

<h1>Mutilate</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ti*late</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cetacean, or a sirenian.</def>

<h1>Mutilate</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ti*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mutilated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mutilating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut off or remove a limb or essential part of; to maim; to cripple; to hack; <as>as, to <ex>mutilate</ex> the body, a statue, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To destroy or remove a material part of, so as to render imperfect; <as>as, to <ex>mutilate</ex> the orations of Cicero</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Among the <b>mutilated</b> poets of antiquity, there is none whose fragments are so beautiful as those of Sappho.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Mutilated gear</col>, <col>Mutilated wheel</col></mcol> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a gear wheel from a portion of whose periphery the cogs are omitted. It is used for giving intermittent movements.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mutilation</h1>
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<hw>Mu`ti*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mutilatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mutilation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of mutilating, or the state of being mutilated; deprivation of a limb or of an essential part.</def>

<h1>Mutilator</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ti*la"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mutilateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who mutilates.</def>

<h1>Mutilous</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ti*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mutilus</ets>. See <er>Mutilate</er>.]</ety> <def>Mutilated; defective; imperfect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mutine</h1>
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<hw>Mu"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mutin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mutineer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mutine</h1>
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<hw>Mu"tine</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mutiner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To mutiny.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mutineer</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ti*neer`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mutiny</er>.]</ety> <def>One guilty of mutiny.</def>

<h1>Muting</h1>
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<hw>Mut"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Dung of birds.</def>

<h1>Mutinous</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ti*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mutiny</er>.]</ety> <def>Disposed to mutiny; in a state of mutiny; characterized by mutiny; seditious; insubordinate.</def>

<blockquote>The city was becoming <b>mutinous</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Mu"ti*nous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mu"ti*nous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mutiny</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ti*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mutinies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[From <ets>mutine</ets> to mutiny, fr. F. <ets>se mutiner</ets>, fr. F. <ets>mutin</ets> stubborn, mutinous, fr. OF. <ets>meute</ets> riot, LL. <ets>movita</ets>, fr. <ets>movitus</ets>, for L. <ets>motus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>movere</ets> to move. See <er>Move</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Insurrection against constituted authority, particularly military or naval authority; concerted revolt against the rules of discipline or the lawful commands of a superior officer; hence, generally, forcible resistance to rightful authority; insubordination.</def>

<blockquote>In every <b>mutiny</b> against the discipline of the college, he was the ringleader.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Violent commotion; tumult; strife.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>o raise a <b>mutiny</b> betwixt yourselves.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Mutiny act</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an English statute re\'89nacted annually to punish mutiny and desertion.</cd></cs>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Insurrection</er>.</syn>

<h1>Mutiny</h1>
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<hw>Mu"ti*ny</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mutinied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mutinying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rise against, or refuse to obey, lawful authority in military or naval service; to excite, or to be guilty of, mutiny or mutinous conduct; to revolt against one's superior officer, or any rightful authority.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fall into strifle; to quarrel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mutism</h1>
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<hw>Mut"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition, state, or habit of being mute, or without speech.</def>

<i>Max M\'81ller.</i>

<h1>Mutter</h1>
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<hw>Mut"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Muttered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Muttering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. of imitative origin; cf. L. <ets>muttire</ets>, <ets>mutire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter words indistinctly or with a low voice and lips partly closed; esp., to utter indistinct complains or angry expressions; to grumble; to growl.</def>

<blockquote>Wizards that peep, and that <b>mutter</b>.
<i>Is. viii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Meantime your filthy foreigner will stare,
And <b>mutter</b> to himself.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sound with a low, rumbling noise.</def>

<blockquote>Thick lightings flash, the <b>muttering</b> thunder rolls.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mutter</h1>
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<hw>Mut"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter with imperfect articulations, or with a low voice; <as>as, to <ex>mutter</ex> threats</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Mutter</h1>
<Xpage=958>

<hw>Mut"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Repressing or obscure utterance.</def>

<h1>Mutterer</h1>
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<hw>Mut"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who mutters.</def>

<h1>Mutteringly</h1>
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<hw>Mut"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With a low voice and indistinct articulation; in a muttering manner.</def>

<h1>Mutton</h1>
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<hw>Mut"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>motoun</ets>, OF. <ets>moton</ets>, <ets>molton</ets>, a sheep, wether, F. <ets>mouton</ets>, LL. <ets>multo</ets>, by transposition of <ets>l</ets> fr. L. <ets>mutilus</ets> mutilated. See <er>Mutilate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sheep.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<blockquote>Not so much ground as will feed a <b>mutton</b>.
<i>Sir H. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Muttons</b>, beeves, and porkers are good old words for the living quadrupeds.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The flesh of a sheep.</def>

<blockquote>The fat of roasted <b>mutton</b> or beef.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A loose woman; a prostitute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Mutton bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Australian short-tailed petrel (<spn>Nectris brevicaudus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Mutton chop</col>, <cd>a rib of mutton for broiling, with the end of the bone at the smaller part chopped off.</cd> -- <col>Mutton fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the American eelpout. See <er>Eelpout</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mutton fist</col>, <cd>a big brawny fist or hand. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <i>Dryden</i>.</cd> -- <col>Mutton monger</col>, <cd>a pimp <mark>[Low & Obs.]</mark> <i>Chapman</i>.</cd> -- <col>To return to one's muttons</col>. <ety>[A translation of a phrase from a farce by De Brueys, <ets>revenons \'85 nos moutons<ets> let us return to our sheep.]</ety> <cd>To return to one's topic, subject of discussion, etc. <mark>[Humorous]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote>I willingly <b>return to my muttons</b>.
<i>H. R. Haweis.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Muttony</h1>
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<hw>Mut"ton*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like mutton; having a flavor of mutton.</def>

<h1>Mutual</h1>
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<hw>Mu"tu*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>mutuel</ets>, L. <ets>mutuus</ets>, orig., exchanged, borrowed, lent; akin to <ets>mutare</ets> to change. See <er>Mutable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Reciprocally acting or related; reciprocally receiving and giving; reciprocally given and received; reciprocal; interchanged; <as>as, a <ex>mutual</ex> love, advantage, assistance, aversion, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Conspiracy and <b>mutual</b> promise.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Happy in our <b>mutual</b> help,
And <b>mutual</b> love.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A certain shyness on such subjects, which was <b>mutual</b> between the sisters.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Possessed, experienced, or done by two or more persons or things at the same time; common; joint; <as>as, <ex>mutual</ex> happiness; a <ex>mutual</ex> effort.</as></def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<blockquote>A vast accession of misery and woe from the <b>mutual</b> weeping, and wailing, and gnashing of teeth.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand;   This use of <i>mutual</i> as synonymous with <i>common</i> is inconsistent with the idea of interchange, or reciprocal relation, which properly belongs to it; but the word has been so used by many writers of high authority. The present tendency is toward a careful discrimination.

<blockquote><b>Mutual</b>, as Johnson will tell us, means something reciprocal, a giving and taking. How could people have <b>mutual</b> ancestors?
<i>P. Harrison.</i></blockquote>
</note>

<cs><col>Mutual insurance</col>, <cd>agreement among a number of persons to insure each other against loss, as by fire, death, or accident.</cd> -- <col>Mutual insurance company</col>, <cd>one which does a business of insurance on the mutual principle, the policy holders sharing losses and profits <i>pro rata<i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Reciprocal; interchanged; common.</syn>

<h1>Mutualism</h1>
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<hw>Mu"tu*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Ethics)</fld> <def>The doctrine of mutual dependence as the condition of individual and social welfare.</def>

<i>F. Harrison.  H. Spencer.  Mallock.</i>

<h1>Mutuality</h1>
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<hw>Mu`tu*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mutualit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of correlation; reciprocation; interchange; interaction; interdependence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Reciprocity of consideration.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Mutually</h1>
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<hw>Mu"tu*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a mutual manner.</def>

<h1>Mutuary</h1>
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<hw>Mu"tu*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mutuarius</ets> mutual.See <er>Mutuation</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who borrows personal chattels which are to be consumed by him, and which he is to return or repay in kind.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Mutuation</h1>
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<hw>Mu`tu*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mutuatio</ets>, fr. <ets>mutuare</ets>, <ets>mutuari</ets>, to borrow, fr. <ets>mutuus</ets>. See <er>Mutual</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of borrowing or exchanging.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Mutule</h1>
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<hw>Mu"tule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>mutulus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A projecting block worked under the corona of the Doric corice, in the same situation as the modillion of the Corinthian and Composite orders. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Gutta</er>.</def>

<i>Oxf. Gloss.</i>

<h1>Mux</h1>
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<hw>Mux</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Mixen</er>.]</ety> <def>Dirt; filth; muck.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>ose.</i>

<h1>Mux</h1>
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<hw>Mux</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mix in an unitidy and offensive way; to make a mess of.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.; Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Muxy</h1>
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<hw>Mux"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Soft; sticky, and dirty. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> See <er>Mucky</er>.</def>

<h1>Muzarab</h1>
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<hw>Muz"a*rab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>mozarabe</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>mosta'rib</ets>, a name applied to strange tribes living among the Arabs.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a denomination of Christians formerly living under the government of the Moors in Spain, and having a liturgy and ritual of their own.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Mozarab</asp>, <asp>Mostarab</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Muzarabic</h1>
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<hw>Muz`a*rab"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Muzarabs; <as>as, the <ex>Muzarabic</ex> liturgy</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Mozarabic</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Muzziness</h1>
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<hw>Muz"zi*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being muzzy.</def>

<h1>Muzzle</h1>
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<hw>Muz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mosel</ets>, OF. <ets>musel</ets>, F. <ets>museau</ets> muzzle or snout, LL. <ets>musellus</ets>, fr. <ets>musus</ets>, <ets>morsus</ets>. See <er>Muse</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and cf. <er>Morsel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The projecting mouth and nose of a quadruped, as of a horse; a snout.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The mouth of a thing; the end for entrance or discharge; <as>as, the <ex>muzzle</ex> of a gun</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A fastening or covering (as a band or cage) for the mouth of an animal, to prevent eating or vicious biting.</def>

<blockquote>With golden <b>muzzles</b> all their mouths were bound
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Muzzle sight</col>. <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Dispart</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd></cs>

<h1>Muzzle</h1>
<Xpage=958>

<hw>Muz"zle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Muzzled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Muzzling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>museler</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bind the mouth of; to fasten the mouth of, so as to prevent biting or eating; hence, figuratively, to bind; to sheathe; to restrain from speech or action.</def> "My dagger <i>muzzled</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Thou shalt not <b>muzzle</b> the ox when he treadeth out the corn.
<i>Deut. xxv. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fondle with the closed mouth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Muzzle</h1>
<Xpage=958>

<hw>Muz"zle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To bring the mouth or muzzle near.</def>

<blockquote>The bear <b>muzzles</b> and smels to him.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Muzzle-loader</h1>
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<hw>Muz"zle-load`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A firearm which receives its charge through the muzzle, as distinguished from one which is loaded at the breech.</def>

<h1>Muzzle-loading</h1>
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<hw>Muz"zle-load`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Receiving its charge through the muzzle; <as>as, a <ex>muzzle-loading</ex> rifle</as>.</def>

<h1>Muzzy</h1>
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<hw>Muz"zy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>muse</ets>.]</ety> <def>Absent-minded; dazed; muddled; stupid.</def>

<blockquote>The whole company stared at me with a whimsical, <b>muzzy</b> look, like men whose senses were a little obfuscated by beer rather then wine.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>My</h1>
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<hw>My</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & poss. pron.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mi</ets>, fr. <ets>min</ets>. See <er>Mine</er>, and cf., for loss of <ets>n</ets>, <er>A</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>An</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Of or belonging to me; -- used always attributively; <as>as, <ex>my</ex> body; <ex>my</ex> book</as>; -- <i>mine</i> is used in the predicate; <as>as, the book is <ex>mine</ex></as>. See <er>Mine</er>.</def>

<h1>Mya</h1>
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<hw>My"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mya</ets> a kind of mussel.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of bivalve mollusks, including the common long, or soft-shelled, clam.</def>

<h1>Myalgia</h1>
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<hw>My*al"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ muscle + <?/ pain.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pain in the muscles; muscular rheumatism or neuralgia.</def>

<h1>Myall wood</h1>
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<hw>My*all" wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A durable, fragrant, and dark-colored Australian wood, used by the natives for spears. It is obtained from the small tree <spn>Acacia homolophylla</spn>.</def>

<h1>Myaria</h1>
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<hw>My*a"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of bivalve mollusks of which the common clam (<spn>Mya</spn>) is the type.</def>

<h1>Mycelium</h1>
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<hw>My*ce"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>my`khs</grk> a mushroom.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The white threads or filamentous growth from which a mushroom or fungus is developed; the so-called mushroom spawn.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>My*ce"li*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Myceloid</h1>
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<hw>Myc"e*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mycel</ets>ium + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resembling mycelium.</def>

<h1>Mycetes</h1>
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<hw>My*ce"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>mykhth`s</grk> a bellower, fr. <grk>myka^sqai</grk> to bellow.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of South American monkeys, including the howlers. See <er>Howler</er>, 2, and <i>Illust</i>.</def>

<h1>Mycetoid</h1>
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<hw>Myc"e*toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[Gr. <grk>my`khs</grk>, <grk>-htos</grk>, a fungus + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resembling a fungus.</def>

<h1>Mycoderma</h1>
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<hw>My`co*der"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <grk>my`khs</grk> a fungus + <grk>de`rma</grk> skin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the forms in which bacteria group themselves; a more or less thick layer of motionless but living bacteria, formed by the bacteria uniting on the surface of the fluid in which they are developed. This production differs from the zo\'94l\'d2a stage of bacteria by not having the intermediary mucous substance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A genus of micro\'94rganisms of which the acetic ferment (<spn>Mycoderma aceti</spn>), which converts alcoholic fluids into vinegar, is a representative. Cf. <er>Mother</er>.</def>

<h1>Mycologic, Mycological</h1>
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<hw><hw>My`co*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>My`co*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to mycology, or the fungi.</def>

<h1>Mycologist</h1>
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<hw>My*col"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is versed in, or who studies, mycology.</def>

<h1>Mycology</h1>
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<hw>My*col"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>my`khs</grk> fungus + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of botanical science which relates to the musgrooms and other fungi.</def>

<h1>Mycomelic</h1>
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<hw>My`co*mel"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. (spirious) <?/ mucus (L. <ets>mucus</ets>) + <?/ honey.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid of the alloxan group, obtained as a honey-yellow powder. Its solutions have a gelatinous consistency.</def>

<h1>Mycoprotein</h1>
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<hw>My`co*pro"te*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. (spirious) <?/ mucus (L. <ets>mucus</ets>) + E. <ets>protein</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The protoplasmic matter of which bacteria are composed.</def>

<h1>Mycose</h1>
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<hw>My"cose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a mushroom.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A variety of sugar, isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi. Called also <altname>trehalose</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mykose</asp>.]</altsp>

<hr>
<page="959">
Page 959<p>

<h1>Mycothrix</h1>
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<hw>Myc"o*thrix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. (spurious) <?/ mucus (L. <ets>mucus</ets>) + <?/, <?/, hair.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The chain of micrococci formed by the division of the micrococci in multiplication.</def>

<h1>Mydaleine</h1>
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<hw>My*da"le*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to be clammy (from decay).]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A toxic alkaloid (ptomaine) obtained from putrid flesh and from herring brines. As a poison it is said to execute profuse diarrh\'d2a, vomiting, and intestinal inflammation.</def>

<i>Brieger.</i>

<h1>Mydatoxin</h1>
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<hw>Myd`a*tox"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to be clammy (from decay) + <ets>tox</ets>ic + <ets>in</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous amido acid, <chform>C6H13NO2</chform>, separated by Brieger from decaying horseflesh. In physiological action, it is similar to curare.</def>

<h1>Mydaus</h1>
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<hw>Myd"a*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to be clammy or damp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The teledu.</def>

<h1>Mydriasis</h1>
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<hw>My*dri"a*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. & Med.)</fld> <def>A long-continued or excessive dilatation of the pupil of the eye.</def>

<h1>Mydriatic</h1>
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<hw>Myd`ri*at"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing dilatation of the pupil.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A mydriatic medicine or agent, as belladonna.</def></def2>

<h1>Myelencephala</h1>
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<hw>My`e*len*ceph"a*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Myelencephalon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Vertebrata</er>.</def>

<h1>Myelencephalic</h1>
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<hw>My`e*len`ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the myelencephalon; cerebro-spinal.</def>

<h1>Myelencephalon</h1>
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<hw>My`e*len*ceph"a*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ marrow + E. <ets>encephalon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The brain and spinal cord; the cerebro-spinal axis; the neuron. Sometimes abbreviated to <i>myelencephal</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The metencephalon.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Myelencephalous</h1>
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<hw>My`e*len*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld><def>Of or pertaining to the Myelencephala.</def>

<h1>Myelin</h1>
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<hw>My"e*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ marrow.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A soft white substance constituting the medullary sheats of nerve fibers, and composed mainly of cholesterin, lecithin, cerebrin, albumin, and some fat.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of a group of phosphorized principles occurring in nerve tissue, both in the brain and nerve fibers.</def>

<h1>Myelitis</h1>
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<hw>My`e*li"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ marrow + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the spinal marrow or its membranes.</def>

<h1>Myeloc\'d2le</h1>
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<hw>My"e*lo*c\'d2le`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ marrow + <?/ hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The central canal of the spinal cord.</def>

<h1>Myelogenic</h1>
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<hw>My`e*lo*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ marrow + the root of <?/ to be born.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Derived from, or pertaining to, the bone marrow.</def>

<h1>Myeloid</h1>
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<hw>My"e*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ marrow + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling marrow in appearance or consistency; <as>as, a <ex>myeloid</ex> tumor</as>.</def>

<h1>Myeloidin</h1>
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<hw>My`e*loid"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Myelin</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets> + <ets>-in</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance, present in the protoplasm of the retinal epithelium cells, and resembling, if not identical with, the substance (<i>myelin</i>) forming the medullary sheaths of nerve fibers.</def>

<h1>Myelon</h1>
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<hw>My"e*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ marrow.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The spinal cord. (Sometimes abbrev. to <i>myel</i>.)</def>

<h1>Myelonal</h1>
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<hw>My"e*lo`nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the myelon; <as>as, the <ex>myelonal</ex>, or spinal, nerves</as>.</def>

<h1>Myeloneura</h1>
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<hw>My`e*lo*neu"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ a nerve.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Vertebrata.</def>

<h1>Myeloplax</h1>
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<hw>My*el"o*plax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Myeloplaxes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Myeloplaces</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ marrow + <?/ anything flat and broad.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the huge multinucleated cells found in the marrow of bone and occasionally in other parts; a giant cell. See <er>Osteoclast</er>.</def>

<h1>Mygale</h1>
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<hw>Myg"a*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a field mouse, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of very large hairy spiders having four lungs and only four spinnerets. They do not spin webs, but usually construct tubes in the earth, which are often furnished with a trapdoor. The South American bird spider (<spn>Mygale avicularia</spn>), and the crab spider, or matoutou (<spn>M. cancerides</spn>) are among the largest species. Some of the species are erroneously called <i>tarantulas</i>, as the Texas tarantula (<spn>M. Hentzii</spn>).</def>
<-- = the trapdoor spiders; they are of the family Ctenizidae -->

<h1>Mylodon</h1>
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<hw>Myl"o*don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a mill + <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of large slothlike American edentates, allied to Megatherium.</def>

<h1>Mylohyoid</h1>
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<hw>My`lo*hy"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the molar teeth + E. <ets>hyoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or in the region of, the lower jaw and the hyoid apparatus; <as>as, the <ex>mylohyoid</ex> nerve</as>.</def>

<h1>Myna</h1>
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<hw>My"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mino bird</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of Asiatic starlings of the genera <spn>Acridotheres</spn>, <spn>Sturnopastor</spn>, <spn>Sturnia</spn>, <spn>Gracula</spn>, and allied genera. In habits they resemble the European starlings, and like them are often caged and taught to talk. See <cref>Hill myna</cref>, under <er>Hill</er>, and <er>Mino bird</er>.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>mynah</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Mynchen</h1>
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<hw>Myn"chen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>mynecen</ets>, fr. <ets>munec</ets> monk. See <er>Monk</er>.]</ety> <def>A nun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mynchery</h1>
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<hw>Myn"cher*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nunnery; -- a term still applied to the ruins of certain nunneries in England.</def>

<h1>Mynheer</h1>
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<hw>Myn*heer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>mijnheer</ets>.]</ety> <def>The Dutch equivalent of <i>Mr</i>. or <i>Sir</i>; hence, a Dutchman.</def>

<h1>Myo-</h1>
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<hw>My"o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form of Gr. <?/, <?/, a <i>muscle</i>; <as>as, <ex>myo</ex>graph, <ex>myo</ex>chrome</as>.</def>

<h1>Myocarditis</h1>
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<hw>My`o*car*di"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. see <er>Myocardium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the myocardium.</def>

<h1>Myocardium</h1>
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<hw>My`o*car"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, muscle + <?/ heart.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The main substance of the muscular wall of the heart inclosed between the epicardium and endocardium.</def>

<h1>Myochrome</h1>
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<hw>My"o*chrome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Myo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A colored albuminous substance in the serum from red-colored muscles. It is identical with hemoglobin.</def>

<h1>Myocomma</h1>
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<hw>My`o*com"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Myocommata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Myocommas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Myo-</er>, and <er>Comma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A myotome.</def>

<h1>Myodynamics</h1>
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<hw>My`o*dy*nam"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Myo-</ets> + <ets>dynamics</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The department of physiology which deals with the principles of muscular contraction; the exercise of muscular force or contraction.</def>

<h1>Myodynamiometer</h1>
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<hw>My`o*dy*na`mi*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A myodynamometer.</def>

<h1>Myodynamometer</h1>
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<hw>My`o*dy`na*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Myo-</ets> + E. <ets>dynamometer</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the muscular strength of man or of other animals; a dynamometer.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Myoepithelial</h1>
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<hw>My`o*ep`i*the"li*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Myo-</ets> + <ets>epithelial</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Derived from epithelial cells and destined to become a part of the muscular system; -- applied to structural elements in certain embryonic forms.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the characteristics of both muscle and epithelium; <as>as, the <ex>myoepithelial</ex> cells of the hydra</as>.</def>

<h1>Myogalid</h1>
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<hw>My*og"a*lid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Myo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a weasel.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the <spn>Myogalod\'91</spn>, a family of Insectivora, including the desman, and allied species.</def>

<h1>Myogram</h1>
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<hw>My"o*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Myo-</ets> + <ets>-gram</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Muscle curve</cref>, under <er>Muscle</er>.</def>

<h1>Myograph</h1>
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<hw>My"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Myo-</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for determining and recording the different phases, as the intensity, velocity, etc., of a muscular contraction.</def>

<h1>Myographic, Myographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>My`o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>My`o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to myography.</def>

<h1>Myography</h1>
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<hw>My*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>myographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The description of muscles, including the study of muscular contraction by the aid of registering apparatus, as by some form of myograph; myology.</def>

<h1>Myoh\'91matin</h1>
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<hw>My`o*h\'91m"a*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Myo-</ets> + <ets>h\'91matin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A red-colored respiratory pigment found associated with hemoglobin in the muscle tissue of a large number of animals, both vertebrate and invertebrate.</def>

<h1>Myoid</h1>
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<hw>My"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Myo-</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Composed of, or resembling, muscular fiber.</def>

<h1>Myolemma</h1>
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<hw>My`o*lem"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a muscle + <?/ skin.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Sarcolemma.</def>

<h1>Myolin</h1>
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<hw>My"o*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, muscle.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The essential material of muscle fibers.</def>

<h1>Myologic, Myological</h1>
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<hw><hw>My`o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>My`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to myology.</def>

<h1>Myologist</h1>
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<hw>My*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in myology.</def>

<h1>Myology</h1>
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<hw>My*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Myo-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>myologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of anatomy which treats of muscles.</def>

<h1>Myoma</h1>
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<hw>My*o"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Myo-</er>, and <er>-oma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A tumor consisting of muscular tissue.</def>

<h1>Myomancy</h1>
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<hw>My"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ mouse + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by the movements of mice.</def>

<h1>Myomorph</h1>
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<hw>My"o*morph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Myomorpha.</def>

<h1>Myomorpha</h1>
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<hw>My`o*mor"pha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a mouse + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive group of rodents which includes the rats, mice, jerboas, and many allied forms.</def>

<h1>Myopathia</h1>
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<hw>My`o*pa*thi"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a muscle + <?/, <?/, to suffer.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any affection of the muscles or muscular system.</def>

<h1>Myopathic</h1>
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<hw>My`o*path"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to myopathia.</def>

<h1>Myopathy</h1>
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<hw>My*op"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Myopathia</er>.</def>

<h1>Myope</h1>
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<hw>My"ope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ to close, shut the eyes + <?/, <?/, the eye.]</ety> <def>A person having myopy; a myops.</def>

<h1>Myophan</h1>
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<hw>My"o*phan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Myo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to show.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A contractile striated layer found in the bodies and stems of certain Infusoria.</def>

<h1>Myopia</h1>
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<hw>My*o"pi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Myope</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Nearsightedness; shortsightedness; a condition of the eye in which the rays from distant object are brought to a focus before they reach the retina, and hence form an indistinct image; while the rays from very near objects are normally converged so as to produce a distinct image. It is corrected by the use of a concave lens.</def>

<h1>Myopic</h1>
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<hw>My*op"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or affected with, or characterized by, myopia; nearsighted.</def>

<cs><col>Myopic astigmatism</col>, <cd>a condition in which the eye is affected with myopia in one meridian only.</cd></cs>

<h1>Myips</h1>
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<hw>My"ips</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Myope</er>.</def>

<h1>Myopsis</h1>
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<hw>My*op"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ fly + <?/ sight.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The appearance of musc\'91 volitantes. See <cref>Musc\'91 volitantes</cref>, under <er>Musca</er>.</def>

<h1>Myopy</h1>
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<hw>My"o*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>myopie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Myopia.</def>

<h1>Myosin</h1>
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<hw>My"o*sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, a muscle.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An albuminous body present in dead muscle, being formed in the process of coagulation which takes place in <i>rigor mortis</i>; the clot formed in the coagulation of muscle plasma. See <cref>Muscle plasma</cref>, under <er>Plasma</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; Myosin belongs to the group of globulins. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute solution of salt, and is especially characterized by being completely precipitated by saturation of its solutions with salt.</note>

<h1>Myosis</h1>
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<hw>My*o"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to close the eyes or lips.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Long-continued contraction of the pupil of the eye.</def>

<h1>Myositic</h1>
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<hw>My`o*sit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Myotic.</def>

<h1>Myositis</h1>
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<hw>My`o*si"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, muscle + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the muscles.</def>

<h1>Myosotis</h1>
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<hw>My`o*so"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.; Gr. <?/, lit., mouse ear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants. See <er>Mouse-ear</er>.</def>

<h1>Myotic</h1>
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<hw>My*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Myosis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Producing myosis, or contraction of the pupil of the eye, as opium, calabar bean, etc.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A myotic agent.</def></def2>

<h1>Myotome</h1>
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<hw>My"o*tome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Myotomy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A muscular segment; one of the zones into which the muscles of the trunk, especially in fishes, are divided; a myocomma.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the embryonic muscular segments arising from the protovertebr\'91; also, one of the protovertebr\'91 themselves.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The muscular system of one metamere of an articulate.</def>

<h1>Myotomic</h1>
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<hw>My`o*tom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a myotome or myotomes.</def>

<h1>Myotomy</h1>
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<hw>My*ot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Myo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>myotomie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The dissection, or that part of anatomy which treats of the dissection, of muscles.</def>

<h1>Myrcia</h1>
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<hw>Myr"ci*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large genus of tropical American trees and shrubs, nearly related to the true myrtles (<spn>Myrtus</spn>), from which they differ in having very few seeds in each berry.</def>

<h1>Myria-</h1>
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<hw>Myr"i*a-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ a myriad. See <er>Myriad</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix, esp. in the metric system, indicating <i>ten thousand</i>, <i>ten thousand times</i>; <as>as, <ex>myria</ex>meter</as>.</def>

<h1>Myriacanthous</h1>
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<hw>Myr`i*a*can"thous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ numberless + <?/ a spine.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having numerous spines, as certain fishes.</def>

<h1>Myriad</h1>
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<hw>Myr"i*ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ numberless, pl. <?/ ten thousand: cf. F. <ets>myriade</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The number of ten thousand; ten thousand persons or things.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An immense number; a very great many; an indefinitely large number.</def>

<h1>Myriad</h1>
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<hw>Myr"i*ad</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of a very great, but indefinite, number; <as>as, <ex>myriad</ex> stars</as>.</def>

<h1>Myriagram, Myriagramme</h1>
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<hw><hw>Myr"i*a*gram</hw>, <hw>Myr"i*a*gramme</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>myriagramme</ets>. See <er>Myria-</er>, and 3d <er>Gram</er>.]</ety> <def>A metric weight, consisting of ten thousand grams or ten kilograms. It is equal to 22.046 lbs. avoirdupois.</def>

<h1>Myrialiter, Myrialitre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Myr"i*a*li`ter</hw>, <hw>Myr"i*a*li`tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>myrialitre</ets>. See <er>Myria-</er>, and <er>Liter</er>.]</ety> <def>A metric measure of capacity, containing ten thousand liters. It is equal to 2641.7 wine gallons.</def>

<h1>Myriameter, Myriametre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Myr"i*a*me`ter</hw>, <hw>Myr"i*a*me`tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>myriam\'8atre</ets>. See <er>Myria-</er>, and <er>Meter</er>.]</ety> <def>A metric measure of length, containing ten thousand meters. It is equal to 6.2137 miles.</def>

<h1>Myriapod</h1>
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<hw>Myr"i*a*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>myriapode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Myriapoda.</def>

<h1>Myriapoda</h1>
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<hw>Myr`i*ap"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ numberless + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class, or subclass, of arthropods, related to the hexapod insects, from which they differ in having the body made up of numerous similar segments, nearly all of which bear true jointed legs. They have one pair of antenn\'91, three pairs of mouth organs, and numerous tracha\'91, similar to those of true insects. The larv\'91, when first hatched, often have but three pairs of legs. See <er>Centiped</er>, <er>Galleyworm</er>, <er>Milliped</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The existing Myriapoda are divided into three orders: <i>Chilopoda</i>, <i>Chilognatha</i> or <i>Diplopoda</i>, and <i>Pauropoda</i> (see these words in the Vocabulary). Large fossil species (very different from any living forms) are found in the Carboniferous formation.</note>

<h1>Myriarch</h1>
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<hw>Myr"i*arch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ ten thousand + <?/ chief.]</ety> <def>A captain or commander of ten thousand men.</def>

<h1>Myriare</h1>
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<hw>Myr"i*are</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Myria-</er>, and 2d <er>Are</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure of surface in the metric system containing ten thousand ares, or one million square meters. It is equal to about 247.1 acres.</def>

<h1>Myrica</h1>
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<hw>My*ri"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ tamarisk.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A widely dispersed genus of shrubs and trees, usually with aromatic foliage. It includes the bayberry or wax myrtle, the sweet gale, and the North American sweet fern, so called.</def>

<h1>Myricin</h1>
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<hw>Myr"i*cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>myricine</ets>. Prob. so called from a fancied resemblance to the wax of the bayberry (<ets>Myrica</ets>).]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A silky, crystalline, waxy substance, forming the less soluble part of beeswax, and regarded as a palmitate of a higher alcohol of the paraffin series; -- called also <altname>myricyl alcohol</altname>.</def>

<h1>Myricyl</h1>
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<hw>Myr"i*cyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Myric</ets>in + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hypothetical radical regarded as the essential residue of myricin; -- called also <altname>melissyl</altname>.</def>

<h1>Myriological</h1>
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<hw>Myr`i*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to a myriologue.</def>

<h1>Myriologist</h1>
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<hw>Myr`i*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who composes or sings a myriologue.</def>

<h1>Myriologue</h1>
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<hw>Myr"i*o*logue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>myriologue</ets>, <ets>myriologie</ets>, NGr. <?/, <?/, fr. Gr. <?/ the goddess of fate or death + <?/ speech, discourse.]</ety> <def>An extemporaneous funeral song, composed and sung by a woman on the death of a friend.</def> <mark>[Modern Greece]</mark>

<h1>Myriophyllous</h1>
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<hw>Myr`i*oph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ numberless + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having an indefinitely great or countless number of leaves.</def>

<h1>Myriopoda</h1>
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<hw>Myr`i*op"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Myriapoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Myriorama</h1>
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<hw>Myr`i*o*ra"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ numberless + <?/ a sight, fr. <?/ to see.]</ety> <def>A picture made up of several smaller pictures, drawn upon separate pieces in such a manner as to admit of combination in many different ways, thus producing a great variety of scenes or landscapes.</def>

<h1>Myrioscope</h1>
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<hw>Myr"i*o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ numberless + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>A form of kaleidoscope.</def>

<hr>
<page="960">
Page 960<p>

<h1>Myristate</h1>
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<hw>My*ris"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of myristic acid.</def>

<h1>Myristic</h1>
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<hw>My*ris"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the nutmeg (<spn>Myristica</spn>). Specifically, designating an acid found in nutmeg oil and otoba fat, and extracted as a white crystalline waxy substance.</def>

<h1>Myristin</h1>
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<hw>My*ris"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The myristate of glycerin, -- found as a vegetable fat in nutmeg butter, etc.</def>

<h1>Myristone</h1>
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<hw>My*ris"tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Myrist</ets>c + <ets>-one</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The ketone of myristic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Myrmicine</h1>
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<hw>Myr"mi*cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to <spn>Myrmica</spn>, a genus of ants including the small house ant (<spn>M. molesta</spn>), and many others.</def>

<h1>Myrmidon</h1>
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<hw>Myr"mi*don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Myrmidones</ets>, Gr. <?/, pl.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of a fierce tribe or troop who accompained Achilles, their king, to the Trojan war.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A soldier or a subordinate civil officer who executes cruel orders of a superior without protest or pity; -- sometimes applied to bailiffs, constables, etc.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<blockquote>With unabated ardor the vindictive man of law and his <b>myrmidons</b> pressed forward.
<i>W. H. Ainsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Myrmidonian</h1>
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<hw>Myr`mi*do"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, or like, myrmidons.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Myrmotherine</h1>
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<hw>Myr`mo*the"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an ant + <?/ to hunt.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Feeding upon ants; -- said of certain birds.</def>

<h1>Myrobalan, Myrobolan</h1>
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<hw><hw>My*rob"a*lan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>My*rob"o*lan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>myrobalanum</ets> the fruit of a palm tree from which a balsam was made, Gr. <?/; <?/ any sweet juice distilling from plants, any prepared unguent or sweet oil + <?/ an acorn or any similar fruit: cf. F. <ets>myrobolan</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dried astringent fruit much resembling a prune. It contains tannin, and was formerly used in medicine, but is now chiefly used in tanning and dyeing. Myrobolans are produced by various species of <i>Terminalia</i> of the East Indies, and of <i>Spondias</i> of South America.</def>

<h1>Myronic</h1>
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<hw>My*ron"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a sweet-smelling unguent.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, mustard; -- used specifically to designate a glucoside called <i>myronic acid</i>, found in mustard seed.</def>

<h1>Myropolist</h1>
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<hw>My*rop"o*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ unguent + <?/ to sell.]</ety> <def>One who sells unguents or perfumery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jonhson.</i>

<h1>Myrosin</h1>
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<hw>Myr"o*sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A ferment, resembling diastase, found in mustard seeds.</def>

<h1>Myroxylon</h1>
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<hw>My*rox"y*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a sweet juice distilling from a plant + <?/ wood.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of leguminous trees of tropical America, the different species of which yield balsamic products, among which are balsam of Peru, and balsam of Tolu. The species were formerly referred to <i>Myrospermum</i>.</def>

<h1>Myrrh</h1>
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<hw>Myrrh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>mirre</ets>, OF. <ets>mirre</ets>, F. <ets>myrrhe</ets>, L. <ets>myrrha</ets>, <ets>murra</ets>, Gr. <?/; cf. Ar. <ets>murr</ets> bitter, also myrrh, Heb. <ets>mar</ets> bitter.]</ety> <def>A gum resin, usually of a yellowish brown or amber color, of an aromatic odor, and a bitter, slightly pungent taste. It is valued for its odor and for its medicinal properties. It exuds from the bark of a shrub of Abyssinia and Arabia, the <i>Balsamodendron Myrrha</i>. The myrrh of the Bible is supposed to have been partly the gum above named, and partly the exudation of species of <i>Cistus</i>, or rockrose.</def>

<cs><col>False myrrh</col>. <cd>See the Note under <er>Bdellium</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Myrrhic</h1>
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<hw>Myr"rhic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, myrrh.</def>

<h1>Myrrhine</h1>
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<hw>Myr"rhine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Murrhine.</def>

<h1>Myrtaceous</h1>
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<hw>Myr*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>myrtaceus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a large and important natural order of trees and shrubs (<spn>Myrtace\'91</spn>), of which the myrtle is the type. It includes the genera <spn>Eucalyptus</spn>, <spn>Pimenta</spn>, <spn>Lechythis</spn>, and about seventy more.</def>

<h1>Myrtiform</h1>
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<hw>Myr"ti*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>myrtus</ets> myrtle + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>myrtiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling myrtle or myrtle berries; having the form of a myrtle leaf.</def>

<h1>Myrtle</h1>
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<hw>Myr"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>myrtil</ets> bilberry, prop., a little myrtle, from <ets>myrte</ets> myrtle, L. <ets>myrtus</ets>, <ets>murtus</ets>, Gr. <?/; cf. Per. <ets>m<?/rd</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of the genus <spn>Myrtus</spn>, especially <spn>Myrtus communis</spn>. The common myrtle has a shrubby, upright stem, eight or ten feet high. Its branches form a close, full head, thickly covered with ovate or lanceolate evergreen leaves. It has solitary axillary white or rosy flowers, followed by black several-seeded berries. The ancients considered it sacred to Venus. The flowers, leaves, and berries are used variously in perfumery and as a condiment, and the beautifully mottled wood is used in turning.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also popularly but wrongly applied in America to two creeping plants, the blue-flowered periwinkle and the yellow-flowered moneywort. In the West Indies several myrtaceous shrubs are called <i>myrtle</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Bog myrtle</col>, <cd>the sweet gale.</cd> -- <col>Crape myrtle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Crape</er>.</cd> -- <col>Myrtle warbler</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a North American wood warbler (<spn>Dendroica coronata</spn>); -- called also <altname>myrtle bird</altname>, <altname>yellow-rumped warbler</altname>, and <altname>yellow-crowned warbler</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Myrtle wax</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Bayberry tallow</cref>, under <er>Bayberry</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sand myrtle</col>, <cd>a low, branching evergreen shrub (<spn>Leiophyllum buxifolium</spn>), growing in New Jersey and southward.</cd> -- <col>Wax myrtle</col> <cd>(<spn>Myrica cerifera</spn>). See <er>Bayberry</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Myself</h1>
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<hw>My*self"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ourselves</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>I or me in person; -- used for emphasis, my own self or person; as I <i>myself</i> will do it; I have done it <i>myself</i>; -- used also instead of <i>me</i>, as the object of the first person of a reflexive verb, without emphasis; <as>as, I will defend <ex>myself</ex></as>.</def><-- reflexive pron. -->

<h1>Myselven</h1>
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<hw>My*selv"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <def>Myself.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mysis</h1>
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<hw>My"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a closing of the lips or eyes.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small schizopod shrimps found both in fresh and salt water; the opossum shrimps. One species inhabits the Great Lakes of North America, and is largely eaten by the whitefish. The marine species form part of the food of right whales.</def>

<h1>Mystacal</h1>
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<hw>Mys"ta*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ mustache.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the upper lip, or mustache.</def>

<h1>Mystagogic, Mystagogical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mys`ta*gog"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mys`ta*gog"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to interpretation of mysteries or to mystagogue; of the nature of mystagogy.</def>

<h1>Mystagogue</h1>
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<hw>Mys"ta*gogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mystagogus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ one initiated in mysteries + <?/ leading, n., a leader, fr. <?/ to lead: cf. F. <ets>mystagogue</ets>. See 1st <er>Mystery</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>interprets mysteries, especially of a religious kind.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who keeps and shows church relics.</def>

<h1>Mystagogy</h1>
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<hw>Mys"ta*go`gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrines, principles, or practice of a mystagogue; interpretation of mysteries.</def>

<h1>Mysterial</h1>
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<hw>Mys*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mysterious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mysteriarch</h1>
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<hw>Mys*te"ri*arch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mysteriarches</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ mystery + <?/ chief.]</ety> <def>One presiding over mysteries.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Mysterious</h1>
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<hw>Mys*te"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>myst\'8arieux</ets>. See 1st <er>Mystery</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to mystery; containing a mystery; difficult or impossible to understand; obscure not revealed or explained; enigmatical; incomprehensible.</def>

<blockquote>God at last
To Satan, first in sin, his doom applied,
Thought in <b>mysterious</b> terms.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Obscure; secret; occult; dark; mystic; cabalistic; enigmatical; unintelligible; incomprehensible.</syn>

<h1>Mysteriously</h1>
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<hw>Mys*te"ri*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a mysterious manner.</def>

<h1>Mysteriousness</h1>
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<hw>Mys*te"ri*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being mysterious.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something mysterious; a mystery.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Mysterize</h1>
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<hw>Mys"ter*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mysterized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mysterizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make mysterious; to make a mystery of.</def>

<h1>Mystery</h1>
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<hw>Mys"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mysteries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>mysterium</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ one initiated in mysteries; cf. <?/ to initiate into the mysteries, fr. <?/ to shut the eyes. Cf. <er>Mute</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A profound secret; something wholly unknown, or something kept cautiously concealed, and therefore exciting curiosity or wonder; something which has not been or can not be explained; hence, specifically, that which is beyond human comprehension.</def>

<blockquote>We speak the wisdom of God in a <b>mystery</b>.
<i>1 Cor. ii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If God should please to reveal unto us this great <b>mystery</b> of the Trinity, or some other <b>mysteries</b> in our holy religion, we should not be able to understand them, unless he would bestow on us some new faculties of the mind.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of secret religious celebration, to which none were admitted except those who had been initiated by certain preparatory ceremonies; -- usually plural; <as>as, the Eleusinian <ex>mysteries</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The consecrated elements in the eucharist.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything artfully made difficult; an enigma.</def>

<h1>Mystery</h1>
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<hw>Mys"ter*y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mysteries</plw></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>mistere</ets>, OF. <ets>mestier</ets>, F. <ets>m\'82tier</ets>, L. <ets>ministerium</ets>. See <er>Ministry</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A trade; a handicraft; hence, any business with which one is usually occupied.</def>

<blockquote>Fie upon him, he will discredit our <b>mystery</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And that which is the noblest <b>mystery</b>
Brings to reproach and common infamy.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dramatic representation of a Scriptural subject, often some event in the life of Christ; a dramatic composition of this character; <as>as, the Chester <ex>Mysteries</ex>, consisting of dramas acted by various craft associations in that city in the early part of the 14th century</as>.</def>

<blockquote>"<b>Mystery</b> plays," so called because acted by craftsmen.
<i>Skeat.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mystic, Mystical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Mys"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Mys"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mysticus</ets>, Gr. <?/ belonging to secretrites, from <?/ one initiated: cf. F. <ets>mystique</ets>. See 1st <er>Mystery</er>, <er>Misty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Remote from or beyond human comprehension; baffling human understanding; unknowable; obscure; mysterious.</def>

<blockquote>Heaven's numerous hierarchy span
The <b>mystic</b> gulf from God to man.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>God hath revealed a way <b>mystical</b> and supernatural.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Importing or implying mysticism; involving some secret meaning; allegorical; emblematical; <as>as, a <ex>mystic</ex> dance; <ex>mystic</ex> Babylon.</as></def>

<blockquote>Thus, then, did the spirit of unity and meekness inspire every joint and sinew of the <b>mystical</b> body.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Mys"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Mys"tic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mystic</h1>
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<hw>Mys"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One given to mysticism; one who holds mystical views, interpretations, etc.; especially, in ecclesiastical history, one who professed mysticism. See <er>Mysticism</er>.</def>

<h1>Mysticete</h1>
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<hw>Mys"ti*cete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the upper lip, also, the mustache + $ a whale.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any right whale, or whalebone whale. See <er>Cetacea</er>.</def>

<h1>Mysticism</h1>
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<hw>Mys"ti*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mysticisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Obscurity of doctrine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>The doctrine of the Mystics, who professed a pure, sublime, and wholly disinterested devotion, and maintained that they had direct intercourse with the divine Spirit, and aquired a knowledge of God and of spiritual things unattainable by the natural intellect, and such as can not be analyzed or explained.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The doctrine that the ultimate elements or principles of knowledge or belief are gained by an act or process akin to feeling or faith.</def>

<h1>Mystification</h1>
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<hw>Mys`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mystification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of mystifying, or the state of being mystied; also, something designed to, or that does, mystify.</def>

<blockquote>The reply of Pope seems very much as though he had been playing off a <b>mystification</b> on his Grace.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mystificator</h1>
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<hw>Mys"ti*fi*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who mystifies.</def>

<h1>Mystify</h1>
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<hw>Mys"ti*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Mystified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Mystifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>mystifier</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ + L. <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See 1st <er>Mystery</er>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To involve in mystery; to make obscure or difficult to understand; <as>as, to <ex>mystify</ex> a passage of Scripture</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To perplex the mind of; to puzzle; to impose upon the credulity of ; <as>as, to <ex>mystify</ex> an opponent</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He took undue advantage of his credulity and <b>mystified</b> him exceedingly.
<i>Ld. Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mytacism</h1>
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<hw>My"ta*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Metacism</er>.]</ety> <def>Too frequent use of the letter <i>m</i>, or of the sound represented by it.</def>

<h1>Myth</h1>
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<hw>Myth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>mythe</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Gr. <?/ myth, fable, tale, talk, speech: cf. F. <ets>mythe</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A story of great but unknown age which originally embodied a belief regarding some fact or phenomenon of experience, and in which often the forces of nature and of the soul are personified; an ancient legend of a god, a hero, the origin of a race, etc.; a wonder story of prehistoric origin; a popular fable which is, or has been, received as historical.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person or thing existing only in imagination, or whose actual existence is not verifiable.</def>

<blockquote>As for Mrs. Primmins's bones, they had been <b>myths</b> these twenty years.
<i>Ld. Lytton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Myth history</col>, <cd>history made of, or mixed with, myths.</cd></cs>

<h1>Mythe</h1>
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<hw>Mythe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Myth</er>.</def>

<i>Grote.</i>

<h1>Mythic, Mythical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Myth"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Myth"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mythicus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Myth</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to myths; described in a myth; of the nature of a myth; fabulous; imaginary; fanciful.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Myth"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>The <b>mythic</b> turf where danced the nymphs.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hengist and Horsa, Vortigern and Rowena, Arthur and Mordred, are <b>mythical</b> persons, whose very existence may be questioned.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mythographer</h1>
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<hw>My*thog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ to write.]</ety> <def>A composer of fables.</def>

<h1>Mythologer</h1>
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<hw>My*thol"o*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mythologist.</def>

<h1>Mythologian</h1>
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<hw>Myth`o*lo"gi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mythologist.</def>

<h1>Mythologic, Mythological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Myth`o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Myth`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>mythologicus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>mytholigique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to mythology or to myths; mythical; fabulous.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Myth`o*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Mythologist</h1>
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<hw>My*thol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mythologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in, or who writes on, mythology or myths.</def>

<h1>Mythologize</h1>
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<hw>My*thol"o*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>mythologiser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To relate, classify, and explain, or attempt to explain, myths; to write upon myths.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To construct and propagate myths.</def>

<h1>Mythologizer</h1>
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<hw>My*thol"o*gi`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, mythologizes.</def>

<blockquote>Imagination has always been, and still is, in a narrower sense, the great <b>mythologizer</b>.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mythologue</h1>
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<hw>Myth"o*logue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Mythology</er>.]</ety> <def>A fabulous narrative; a myth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>May we not ... consider his history of the fall as an excellent <b>mythologue</b>, to account for the origin of human evil?
<i>Geddes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mythology</h1>
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<hw>My*thol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Mythologies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>mythologie</ets>, L. <ets>mythologia</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, fable, myth + <?/ speech, discourse.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science which treats of myths; a treatise on myths.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A body of myths; esp., the collective myths which describe the gods of a heathen people; <as>as, the <ex>mythology</ex> of the Greeks</as>.</def>

<h1>Mythoplasm</h1>
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<hw>Myth"o*plasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ myth + <?/ to form.]</ety> <def>A narration of mere fable.</def>

<h1>Mythop\'d2ic</h1>
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<hw>Myth`o*p\'d2"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ making myths; <?/ myth + <?/ to make.]</ety> <def>Making or producing myths; giving rise to mythical narratives.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>mythop\'d2ic</b> fertility of the Greeks.
<i>Grote.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Mythopoetic</h1>
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<hw>Myth`o*po*et"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ myth + <?/ able to make, producing, fr. <?/ to make.]</ety> <def>Making or producing myths or mythical tales.</def>

<h1>Mytiloid</h1>
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<hw>Myt"i*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mytilus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or pertaining to, the genus Mytilus, or family <spn>Mytilid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Mytilotoxine</h1>
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<hw>Myt`i*lo*tox"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Mytilus</ets> + <ets>toxic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous base (leucomaine) found in the common mussel. It either causes paralysis of the muscles, or gives rise to convulsions, including death by an accumulation of carbonic acid in the blood.</def>

<h1>Mytilus</h1>
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<hw>Myt"i*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a sea mussel, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine bivalve shells, including the common mussel. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Byssus</er>.</def>

<h1>Myxa</h1>
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<hw>Myx"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a lamp nozzle, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The distal end of the mandibles of a bird.</def>

<h1>Myxine</h1>
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<hw>Myx"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marsipobranchs, including the hagfish. See <er>Hag</er>, 4.</def>

<h1>Myxinoid</h1>
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<hw>Myx"i*noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or pertaining to, the genus Myxine.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A hagfish.</def></def2>

<h1>Myxocystodea</h1>
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<hw>Myx`o*cys*to"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ mucus + <?/ a bladder.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Infusoria including the Noctiluca. See <er>Noctiluca</er>.</def>

<h1>Myxoma</h1>
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<hw>Myx*o"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Myxomata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ mucus + <ets>-oma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A tumor made up of a gelatinous tissue resembling that found in the umbilical cord.</def>

<h1>Myxopod</h1>
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<hw>Myx"o*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ mucus, slime + <ets>-pod</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rhizopod or moneran. Also used adjectively; <as>as, a <ex>myxopod</ex> state</as>.</def>

<h1>Myzontes</h1>
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<hw>My*zon"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to suck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Marsipobranchiata.</def>

<h1>Myzostomata</h1>
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<hw>My`zo*stom"a*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>my`zein</grk> to suck + <grk>sto`ma</grk>, <grk>-atos</grk>, mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of curious parasitic worms found on crinoids. The body is short and disklike, with four pairs of suckers and five pairs of hook-bearing parapodia on the under side.</def>

<hr>
<page="961">
Page 961<p>

<centered><point26>N.</point26></centered>

<h1>N</h1>
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<hw>N</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def>the fourteenth letter of English alphabet, is a vocal consonent, and, in allusion to its mode of formation, is called the <i>dentinasal</i> or <i>linguanasal</i> consonent. Its commoner sound is that heard in <i>ran</i>, <i>done</i>; but when immediately followed in the same word by the sound of <i>g</i> hard or <i>k</i> (as in <i>single</i>, <i>sink</i>, <i>conquer</i>), it usually represents the same sound as the digraph <i>ng</i> in <i>sing</i>, <i>bring</i>, etc. This is a simple but related sound, and is called the <i>gutturo-nasal</i> consonent. See <er>Guide to Pronunciation</er>, &sect;&sect; 243-246.</def>

   The letter N came into English through the Latin and Greek from the Ph\'d2nician, which probably derived it from the Egyptian as the ultimate origin. It is etymologically most closely related to M. See <er>M</er>.

<h1>N</h1>
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<hw>N</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A measure of space equal to half an M (or em); an en.</def>

<h1>Na</h1>
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<hw>Na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>No, not. See <er>No</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.

<h1>Nab</h1>
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<hw>Nab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Knap</er>, <er>Knop</er>, <er>Knob</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The summit of an eminence.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Firearms)</fld> <def>The cock of a gunlock.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Locksmithing)</fld> <def>The keeper, or box into which the lock is shot.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Nab</h1>
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<hw>Nab</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nabbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nabbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Dan <ets>nappe</ets>, or Sw. <ets>nappa</ets>.]</ety> <def>To catch or seize suddenly or unexpectedly.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Smollett</i>.

<h1>Nabit</h1>
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<hw>Na"bit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pulverized sugar candy.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Nabk</h1>
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<hw>Nabk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>nabiqa</ets>,<ets>nibqa</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The edible berries of the <spn>Zizyphys Lotus</spn>, a tree of Northern Africa, and Southwestern Europe.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>nubk</asp>.]</altsp> See <er>Lotus</er> <sd>(b)</sd>, and <er>Sadr</er>.

<h1>Nabob</h1>
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<hw>Na"bob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>naw\'beb</ets>, from Ar. <ets>naw\'beb</ets>, pl. of <ets>n\'be\'8bb</ets> a vicegerent, governor. Cf <er>Nawab</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A deputy or viceroy in India; a governor of a province of the ancient Mogul empire.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who returns to Europe from the East with immense riches: hence, any man of great wealth.</def> " A bilious old <i>nabob</i>."

<i>Macaulay</i>.

<h1>Nacarat</h1>
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<hw>Nac"a*rat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>nacarat</ets>, fr. Sp. or Pg. <ets>nacarado</ets>, fr. <ets>n\'a0car</ets> mother-of-pearl. See <er>Nacre</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pale red color, with a cast of orange.</def>

<i>Ure</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fine linen or crape dyed of this color.</def>

<i>Ure</i>.

<h1>Nacker</h1>
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<hw>Nack"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Nacre</er>.</def>

<i>Johnson</i>.

<h1>Nacre</h1>
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<hw>Na"cre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., cf. Sp. <ets>n\'a0cara</ets>, <ets>n\'a0car</ets>, It. <ets>nacchera</ets>, <ets>naccaro</ets>, LL. <ets>nacara</ets>, <ets>nacrum</ets>; of Oriental origin, cf. Ar. <ets>nak\'c6r</ets> hollowed.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A pearly substance which lines the interior of many shells, and is most perfect in the mother-of-pearl. <altsp>[Written also <asp>nacker</asp> and <asp>naker</asp>.]</altsp> See <er>Pearl</er>, and <er>Mother-of-pearl</er>.</def>

<h1>Nacre-ous</h1>
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<hw>Na"cre-ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Nacre</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Consisting of, or resembling, nacre; pearly.</def>

<h1>Nad, Nadde</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nad"de</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>ne hadde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Had not.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nadder</h1>
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<hw>Nad"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.<ets>n\'91dre</ets>. See <er>Adder</er>.]</ety> <def>An adder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nadir</h1>
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<hw>Na"dir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., Sp., & It. <ets>nadir</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>nas\'c6ru's samt</ets> nadir, prop., the point opposite the zenith (<ets>as samt</ets>), in which <ets>nas\'c6r</ets> means alike, corresponding to. Cf. <er>Azimuth</er>, <er>Zenith</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That point of the heavens, or lower hemisphere, directly opposite the zenith; the inferior pole of the horizon; the point of the celestial sphere directly under the place where we stand.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The lowest point; the time of greatest depression.</def>

<blockquote>The seventh century is the <b>nadir</b> of the human mind in Europe.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Nadir of the sun</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the axis of the conical shadow projected by the earth.</cd>

<i>Crabb.</i></cs>

<h1>N\'91nia</h1>
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<hw>N\'91"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Nenia</er>.</def>

<h1>N\'91ve</h1>
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<hw>N\'91ve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>naevus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A n\'91vus.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>N\'91void</h1>
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<hw>N\'91"void</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>N\'91vus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling a n\'91vus or n\'91vi; <as>as, <ex>n\'91void</ex> elephantiasis</as>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>N\'91vose</h1>
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<hw>N\'91"vose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Spotted; frecled.</def>

<h1>Navus</h1>
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<hw>Na"vus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.<plw>N\'91vi</plw> <tt>(-v\'c6)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A spot or mark on the skin of children when born; a birthmark; -- usually applied to vascular tumors, i. e., those consisting mainly of blood vessels, as dilated arteries, veins, or capillaries.</def>

<h1>Nag</h1>
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<hw>Nag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nagge</ets>, D. <ets>negge</ets>; akin to E. <ets>neigh</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small horse; a pony; hence, any horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A paramour; -- in contempt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Nag</h1>
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<hw>Nag</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nagged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nagging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>nagga</ets> to nibble, peck, Dan. <ets>nage</ets> to gnaw, Icel. <ets>naga</ets>, <ets>gnaga</ets>, G. <ets>nagen</ets>, & E. <ets>gnaw</ets>.]</ety> <def>To tease in a petty way; to scold habitually; to annoy; to fret pertinaciously.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "She never <b>nagged</b>."

<i>J. Ingelow.</i>

<h1>Nagging</h1>
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<hw>Nag"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fault-finding; teasing; persistently annoying; <as>as, a <ex>nagging</ex> toothache</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Naggy</h1>
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<hw>Nag"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Irritable; touchy.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Nagor</h1>
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<hw>Na"gor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A West African gazelle (<spn>Gazella redunca</spn>).</def>

<h1>Nagyag-ite</h1>
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<hw>Nag"yag-ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from <ets>Nagyag</ets>, in Transylvania.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of blackish lead-gray color and metallic luster, generally of a foliated massive structure; foliated tellurium. It is a telluride of lead and gold.</def>

<h1>Naiad</h1>
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<hw>Na"iad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>naias</ets>, <ets>-adis</ets>, <ets>na\'8bs</ets>, <ets>-idis</ets>, a water nymph, Gr <?/, <?/, fr. <?/  to flow: cf. F. <ets>na\'8bade</ets>. Cf. <er>Naid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A water nymph; one of the lower female divinities, fabled to preside over some body of fresh water, as a lake, river, brook, or fountain.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of a tribe (<spn>Naiades</spn>) of freshwater bivalves, including <spn>Unio</spn>, <spn>Anodonta</spn>, and numerous allied genera; a river mussel.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>One of a group of butterflies. See <er>Nymph</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the order <spn>Naiadace\'91</spn>, such as eelgrass, pondweed, etc.</def>

<h1>Naiant</h1>
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<hw>Na"iant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>(Her.) See <er>Natant</er>.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Naid</h1>
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<hw>Na"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Naiad</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of small, fresh-water, ch\'91topod annelids of the tribe <spn>Naidina</spn>. They belong to the <spn>Oligoch\'91ta</spn>.</def>

<h1>Na\'8bf</h1>
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<hw>Na"\'8bf`</hw> <tt>(<?/; <i>formerly</i> <?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>na\'8bf</ets>. See <er>Na\'8bve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a true natural luster without being cut; -- applied by jewelers to a precious stone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Na\'8bve; <as>as, a <ex>na\'8bf</ex> remark</as>.</def>

<i>London Spectator.</i>

<h1>Naik</h1>
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<hw>Na"ik</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>n\'beyak</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chief; a leader; a Sepoy corporal.</def>

<i>Balfour (Cyc. of India).</i>

<h1>Nail</h1>
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<hw>Nail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>n\'91gel</ets>, akin to D. <ets>nagel</ets>, OS <?/ OHG. <ets>nagal</ets>, G. <ets>nagel</ets>, Icel. <ets>nagl</ets>, nail (in sense 1), <ets>nagli</ets> nail (in sense 3), Sw. <ets>nagel</ets> nail (in senses 1 and 3), Dan. <ets>nagle</ets>, Goth. <ets>ganagljan</ets> to nail, Lith. <ets>nagas</ets> nail (in sense 1), Russ. <ets>nogote</ets>, L. <ets>unguis</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>nakha</ets>. <?/]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>the horny scale of plate of epidermis at the end of the fingers and toes of man and many apes.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>nayles</b> like a briddes claws were.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The nails are strictly homologous with hoofs and claws. When compressed, curved, and pointed, they are called <i>talons</i> or <i>claws</i>, and the animal bearing them is said to be <i>unguiculate</i>; when they incase the extremities of the digits they are called <i>hoofs</i>, and the animal is <i>ungulate</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The basal thickened portion of the anterior wings of certain hemiptera.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The terminal horny plate on the beak of ducks, and other allied birds.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A slender, pointed piece of metal, usually with a head, used for fastening pieces of wood or other material together, by being driven into or through them.</def>

<note>&hand; The different sorts of nails are named either from the use to which they are applied, from their shape, from their size, or from some other characteristic, as shingle, floor, ship-carpenters', and horseshoe nails, roseheads, diamonds, fourpenny, <cs>tenpenny (see <i>Penny</i>), chiselpointed, cut, wrought, or wire nails, etc.</note></cs>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A measure of length, being two inches and a quarter, or the sixteenth of a yard.</def>

<cs><col>Nail ball</col> <fld>(Ordnance)</fld>, <cd>a round projectile with an iron bolt protruding to prevent it from turning in the gun.</cd> -- <col>Nail plate</col>, <cd>iron in plates from which cut nails are made.</cd> -- <col>On the nail</col>, <cd>in hand; on the spot; immediately; without delay or time of credit; as, to pay money <i>on the nail<i>. "You shall have ten thousand pounds <i>on the nail<i>." <i>Beaconsfield</i>.</cd> -- <col>To hit the nail on the head</col>, <cd>to hit most effectively; to do or say a thing in the right way.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nail</h1>
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<hw>Nail</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nailed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nailing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>n\'91glian</ets>. See <er>Nail</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fasten with a nail or nails; to close up or secure by means of nails; <as>as, to <ex>nail</ex> boards to the beams</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He is now dead, and <b>nailed</b> in his chest.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stud or boss with nails, or as with nails.</def>

<blockquote>The rivets of your arms were <b>nailed</b> with gold.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fasten, as with a nail; to bind or hold, as to a bargain or to acquiescence in an argument or assertion; hence, to catch; to trap.</def>

<blockquote>When they came to talk of places in town, you saw at once how I <b>nailed</b> them.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To spike, as a cannon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>To nail</col> <col>a lie &or; an assertion</col></mcol>, etc., <cd>to detect and expose it, so as to put a stop to its currency; -- an expression probably derived from the former practice of shopkeepers, who were accustomed to nail bad or counterfeit pieces of money to the counter.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nailbrush</h1>
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<hw>Nail"brush`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A brush for cleaning the nails.</def>

<h1>Nailer</h1>
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<hw>Nail"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One whose occupation is to make nails; a nail maker.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who fastens with, or drives, nails.</def>

<h1>Naileress</h1>
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<hw>Nail"er*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A women who makes nailes.</def>

<h1>Nailery</h1>
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<hw>Nail"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, n.; <plu>pl. <plw>Naileries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A manufactory where nails are made.</def>

<h1>Nail-headed</h1>
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<hw>Nail"-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a head like that of a nail; formed so as to resemble the head of a nail.</def>

<cs><col>Nail-headed characters</col>, <cd>arrowheaded or cuneiform characters. See under <er>Arrowheaded</er>.</cd> -- <col>Nail-headed molding</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an ornament consisting of a series of low four-sided pyramids resembling the heads of large nails; -- called also <altname>nail-head molding</altname>, or <altname>nail-head</altname>. It is the same as the simplest form of dogtooth. See <er>Dogtooth</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nailless</h1>
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<hw>Nail"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without nails; having no nails.</def>

<h1>Nainsook</h1>
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<hw>Nain`sook"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nainsukh</ets>, a valley in Kaghan.]</ety> <def>A thick sort of jaconet muslin, plain or striped, formerly made in India.</def>

<h1>Nais</h1>
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<hw>Na"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a naiad.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Naiad</er>.</def>

<h1>Naissant</h1>
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<hw>Nais`sant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. pr. of <ets>na\'8ctre</ets> to be born, L. <ets>nasci</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Jessant</er>.</def>

<h1>Na\'8bve</h1>
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<hw>Na"\'8bve`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>na\'8bf</ets>, fem. <ets>na\'8bve</ets>, fr. L. <ets>nativus</ets> innate, natural, native. See <er>Native</er>, and cf. <er>Na\'8bf</er>.]</ety> <def>Having native or unaffected simplicity; ingenuous; artless; frank; <as>as, <ex>na\'8bve</ex> manners; a <ex>na\'8bve</ex> person; <ex>na\'8bve</ex> and unsophisticated remarks.</as></def>

<h1>Na\'8bvely</h1>
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<hw>Na"\'8bve`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a na\'8bve manner.</def>

<h1>Na\'8bvet\'82</h1>
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<hw>Na`\'8bve`t\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Na\'8bve</er>, and cf. <er>Nativity</er>.]</ety> <def>Native simplicity; unaffected plainness or ingenuousness; artlessness.</def>

<blockquote>A story which pleases me by its <b>na\'8bvet\'82</b> -- that is, by its unconscious ingenuousness.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Na\'8bvety</h1>
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<hw>Na"\'8bve`ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, n. Na\'8bvet\'82.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Nake</h1>
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<hw>Nake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>,v.t. To make naked.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Come, be ready, <b>nake</b> your swords.
<i>Old Play.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Naked</h1>
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<hw>Na"ked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>nacod</ets>; akin to D. <ets>naakt</ets>, G. <ets>nackt</ets>, OHG. <ets>nacchot</ets>, <ets>nahhot</ets>, Icel. <ets>n\'94kvi<?/r</ets>, <ets>nakinn</ets>, Sw. <ets>naken</ets>, Dan. <ets>n\'94gen</ets>, Goth. <ets>naqa<?/s</ets>, Lith. <ets>n<?/gas</ets>, Russ. <ets>nagii</ets>, L. <ets>nudus</ets>, Skr. <ets>nagna</ets>. &root;266. Cf. <er>Nude</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having no clothes on; uncovered; nude; bare; <as>as, a <ex>naked</ex> body; a <ex>naked</ex> limb; a <ex>naked</ex> sword.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having no means of defense or protection; open; unarmed; defenseless.</def>

<blockquote>Thy power is full <b>naked</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Behold my bosom <b>naked</b> to your swords.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Unprovided with needful or desirable accessories, means of sustenance, etc.; destitute; unaided; bare.</def>

<blockquote>Patriots who had exposed themselves for the public, and whom they say now left <b>naked</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Without addition, exaggeration, or excuses; not concealed or disguised; open to view; manifest; plain.</def>

<blockquote>The truth appears so <b>naked</b> on my side,                   That any purblind eye may find it out.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All things are <b>naked</b> and opened unto the eyes of him with whom we to do.
<i>Heb. iv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Mere; simple; plain.</def>

<blockquote>The very <b>naked</b> name of love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Without pubescence; <as>as, a <ex>naked</ex> leaf or stem</as>; bare, or not covered by the customary parts, as a flower without a perianth, a stem without leaves, seeds without a pericarp, buds without bud scales.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Not having the full complement of tones; -- said of a chord of only two tones, which requires a third tone to be sounded with them to make the combination pleasing to the ear; <as>as, a <ex>naked</ex> fourth or fifth</as>.</def><-- = open fourth, fifth? -->

<cs><col>Naked bed</col>, <cd>a bed the occupant of which is naked, no night linen being worn in ancient times.  <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Naked eye</col>, <cd>the eye alone, unaided by glasses, or by telescope, microscope, or the like.</cd> -- <col>Naked-eyed medusa</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Hydromedusa</er>.</cd> -- <col>Naked flooring</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>the timberwork which supports a floor.  <i>Gwilt</i>.</cd> -- <col>Naked mollusk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a nudibranch.</cd> -- <col>Naked wood</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a large rhamnaceous tree (<spn>Colibrina reclinata</spn>) of Southern Florida and the West Indies, having a hard and heavy heartwood, which takes a fine polish.</cd>   <i>C. S. Sargent</i>.</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Nude; bare; denuded; uncovered; unclothed; exposed; unarmed; plain; defenseless.</syn>

<h1>Nakedly</h1>
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<hw>Na"ked*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a naked manner; without covering or disguise; manifestly; simply; barely.</def>

<h1>Nakedness</h1>
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<hw>Na"ked*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of being naked.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>The privy parts; the genitals</def>.

<blockquote>Ham ... saw the <b>nakedness</b> of his father.
<i>Gen. ix. 22.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Naker</h1>
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<hw>Na"ker</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Nacre</er>.</def>

<h1>Naker</h1>
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<hw>Na"ker</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nakere</ets>, F. <ets>nakaire</ets>, LL. <ets>nacara</ets>, Per. <ets>naq\'beret</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of kettledrum.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nakoo</h1>
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<hw>Na"koo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The gavial.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>nako</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Nale</h1>
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<hw>Nale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corrupt form arising from the older "at &thorn;e<ets>n ale</ets>" at the nale.]</ety> <def>Ale; also, an alehouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Great feasts at the <b>nale</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nall</h1>
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<hw>Nall</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Either fr. Icel. <ets>n\'bel</ets> (see <er>Needle</er>); or fr. <ets>awl</ets>, like <ets>newt</ets> fr. <ets>ewt</ets>.]</ety> <def>An awl.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Nam</h1>
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<hw>Nam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>ne am</ets>.]</ety> <def>Am not.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nam</h1>
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<hw>Nam</hw>, <tt>obs. imp.</tt> <def>of <er>Nim</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Namable</h1>
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<hw>Nam"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being named.</def>

<h1>Namation</h1>
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<hw>Na*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>namare</ets> to take; cf. AS. <ets>niman</ets> to take.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. & Scots Law)</fld> <def>A distraining or levying of a distress; an impounding.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Namaycush</h1>
<Xpage=961>

<hw>Nam"ay*cush</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>A large North American lake trout (<spn>Salvelinus namaycush</spn>). It is usually spotted with red, and sometimes weighs over forty pounds. Called also <altname>Mackinaw trout</altname>, <altname>lake trout</altname>, <altname>lake salmon</altname>, <altname>salmon trout</altname>, <altname>togue</altname>, and <altname>tuladi</altname>.</def>

<h1>Namby-pamby</h1>
<Xpage=961>

<hw>Nam"by-pam`by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Ambrose Phillips</ets>, in ridicule of the extreme simplicity of some of his verses.]</ety> <def>Talk or writing which is weakly sentimental or affectedly pretty.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Namby-pamby</h1>
<Xpage=961>

<hw>Nam"by-pam`by</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affectedly pretty; weakly sentimental; finical; insipid.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<blockquote><b>Namby-pamby</b> madrigals of love.
<i>W. Gifford.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
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Page 962<p>

<h1>Name</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Name</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>nama</ets>; akin to D. <ets>naam</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>namo</ets>, G. <ets>name</ets>, Icel. <ets>nafn</ets>, for <ets>namn</ets>, Dan. <ets>navn</ets>, Sw. <ets>namn</ets>, Goth. <ets>nam&omac;</ets>, L. <ets>nomen</ets> (perh. influenced by <ets>noscere</ets>, <ets>gnoscere</ets>, to learn to know), Gr. <grk>'o`mona</grk>, Scr. <ets>n\'beman</ets>. &root;267.  Cf. <er>Anonymous</er>, <er>Ignominy</er>, <er>Misnomer</er>, <er>Nominal</er>, <er>Noun</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The title by which any person or thing is known or designated; a distinctive specific appellation, whether of an individual or a class.</def>

<blockquote>Whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the <b>name</b> thereof.
<i>Gen. ii. 19.  </i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What's in a <b>name</b>? That which we call a rose
By any other <b>name</b> would smell as sweet.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A descriptive or qualifying appellation given to a person or thing, on account of a character or acts.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>name</b> shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.
<i>Is. ix. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Reputed character; reputation, good or bad; estimation; fame; especially, illustrious character or fame; honorable estimation; distinction.</def>

<blockquote>What men of <b>name</b> resort to him?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Far above ... every <b>name</b> that is named, not only in this world, but also in that which is to come.
<i>Eph. i. 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will get me a <b>name</b> and honor in the kingdom.
<i>1 Macc. iii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He hath brought up an evil <b>name</b> upon a virgin.
<i>Deut. xxii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The king's army ...had left no good <b>name</b> behind.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Those of a certain name; a race; a family.</def>

<blockquote>The ministers of the republic, mortal enemies of his <b>name</b>, came every day to pay their feigned civilities.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A person, an individual.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>They list with women each degenerate <b>name</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Christian name</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The name a person receives at baptism, as distinguished from <i>surname<i>; baptismal name</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A given name, whether received at baptism or not.</cd> -- <col>Given name</col>. <cd>See under <er>Given</er>.</cd> -- <col>In name</col>, <cd>in profession, or by title only; not in reality; <as>as, a friend <ex>in name<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>In the name of</col>.  <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In behalf of; by the authority of.</cd> " I charge you <b>in the duke's name</b> to obey me." <i>Shak.</i></blockquote> <sd>(b)</sd> In the represented or assumed character of. " I'll to him again <b>in name of</b> Brook." <i>Shak.</i></blockquote> -- <col>Name plate</col>, <cd>a plate as of metal, glass, etc., having a name upon it, as a sign; a doorplate.</cd> -- <col>Pen name</col>, <cd>a name assumed by an author; a pseudonym or nom de plume.</cd> <i>Bayard Taylor.</i> -- <col>Proper name</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>a name applied to a particular person, place, or thing.</cd> -- <col>To call names</col>, <cd>to apply opprobrious epithets to; to call by reproachful appellations.</cd> -- <col>To take a name in vain</col>, <cd>to use a name lightly or profanely; to use a name in making flippant or dishonest oaths.</cd> <i>Ex. xx. 7.</i></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Appellation; title; designation; cognomen; denomination; epithet.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Name</er>, <er>Appellation</er>, <er>Title</er>, <er>Denomination</er>. <i>Name</i> is generic, denoting that combination of sounds or letters by which a person or thing is known and distinguished. <i>Appellation</i>, although sometimes put for <i>name</i> simply, denotes, more properly, a <i>descriptive term</i>, used by way of marking some individual peculiarity or characteristic; as, Charles the <i>Bold</i>, Philip the <i>Stammerer</i>. A <i>title</i> is a term employed to point out one's rank, office, etc.; as, the <i>Duke</i> of Bedford, Paul the <i>Apostle</i>, etc. <i>Denomination</i> is to particular bodies what <i>appellation</i> is to individuals; thus, the church of Christ is divided into different <i>denominations</i>, as Congregationalists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, etc.</usage>

<h1>Name</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Name</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Named</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Naming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>namian</ets>.  See <er>Name</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give a distinctive name or appellation to; to entitle; to denominate; to style; to call.</def>

<blockquote>She <b>named</b> the child Ichabod.
<i>1 Sam. iv. 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thus was the building left
Ridiculous, and the work Confusion <b>named</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mention by name; to utter or publish the name of; to refer to by distinctive title; to mention.</def>

<blockquote>None <b>named</b> thee but to praise.
<i>Halleck.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Old Yew, which graspest at the stones
That <b>name</b> the underlying dead.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To designate by name or specifically for any purpose; to nominate; to specify; to appoint; <as>as, to <ex>name</ex> a day for the wedding</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whom late you have <b>named</b> for consul.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(House of Commons)</fld> <def>To designate (a member) by name, as the Speaker does by way of reprimand.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To denominate; style; term; call; mention; specify; designate; nominate.</syn>

<h1>Nameless</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Name"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without a name; not having been given a name; <as>as, a <ex>nameless</ex> star</as>.</def>

<i>Waller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Undistinguished; not noted or famous.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>nameless</b> dwelling and an unknown name.
<i>Harte.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not known or mentioned by name; anonymous; <as>as, a <ex>nameless</ex> writer</as>.</def>"<i>Nameless</i> pens."

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Unnamable; indescribable; inexpressible.</def>

<blockquote>But what it is, that is not yet known; what
I can not name; <?/t is <b>nameless</b> woe,I wot.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have a <b>nameless</b> horror of the man.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Namelessly</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Name"less*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a nameless manner.</def>

<h1>Namely</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Name"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>By name; by particular mention; specifically; especially; expressly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>The solitariness of man ...God hath <b>namely</b> and principally ordered to prevent by marriage.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That is to say; to wit; videlicet; -- introducing a particular or specific designation.</def>

<blockquote>For the excellency of the soul, <b>namely</b>, its power of divining dreams; that several such divinations have been made, none <?/an question.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Namer</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Nam"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who names, or calls by name.</def>

<h1>Namesake</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Name"sake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>name's sake</ets>; <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., one named for the sake of another's name.]</ety> <def>One that has the same name as another; especially, one called after, or named out of regard to, another.</def>

<h1>Namo</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Na*mo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>No more.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nan</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Nan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>inerj.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>anan</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anan.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Nandine</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Nan"dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African carnivore (<spn>Nandinia binotata</spn>), allied to the civets. It is spotted with black.</def>

<h1>Nandou, Nandu</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nan"dou</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nan"du</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Braz. <ets>nhandu</ets> or <ets>yandu</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of three species of South American ostriches of the genera <spn>Rhea</spn> and <spn>Pterocnemia</spn>. See <er>Rhea</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>nandow</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Nankeen</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Nan*keen"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from its being originally manufactured at <ets>Nankin</ets>, in China.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>nankin</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A species of cloth, of a firm texture, originally brought from China, made of a species of cotton (<spn>Gossypium religiosum</spn>) that is naturally of a brownish yellow color quite indestructible and permanent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An imitation of this cloth by artificial coloring.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Trousers made of nankeen.</def>

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<cs><col>Nankeen bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Australian night heron (<spn>Nycticorax Caledonicus</spn>); -- called also <altname>quaker</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nanny</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Nan"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A diminutive of <i>Ann</i> or <i>Anne</i>, the proper name.</def>

<cs><col>Nanny goat</col>, <cd>a female goat. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Nannyberry</h1>
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<hw>Nan"ny*ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Sheepberry</er>.</def>

<h1>Nanpie</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Nan"pie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The magpie.</def>

<h1>Naos</h1>
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<hw>Na"os</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a temple, the cella.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A term used by modern arch\'91ologists instead of <i>cella</i>. See <er>Cella</er>.</def>

<h1>Nap</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Nap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Napped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Napping</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>nappen</ets>, AS. <ets>hn</ets>&<ets>ppian</ets> to take a nap, to slumber; cf. AS. <ets>hnipian</ets> to bend one's self, Icel. <ets>hnipna</ets>, <ets>hn\'c6pa</ets>, to droop.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have a short sleep; to be drowsy; to doze.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be in a careless, secure state.</def>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<blockquote>I took thee <b>napping</b>, unprepared.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nap</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Nap</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A short sleep; a doze; a siesta.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Nap</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Nap</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>noppe</ets>, AS. <ets>hnoppa</ets>; akin to D. <ets>nop</ets>, Dan. <ets>noppe</ets>, LG. <ets>nobbe</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Woolly or villous surface of felt, cloth, plants, etc.; an external covering of down, of short fine hairs or fibers forming part of the substance of anything, and lying smoothly in one direction; the pile; -- as, the <i>nap</i> of cotton flannel or of broadcloth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The loops which are cut to make the pile, in velvet.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Nap</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Nap</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To raise, or put, a nap on.</def>

<h1>Nape</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Nape</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. akin to <ets>knap</ets> a knop.]</ety> <def>The back part of the neck.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Nape-crest</h1>
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<hw>Nape"-crest`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African bird of the genus <spn>Schizorhis</spn>, related to the plantain eaters.</def>

<h1>Napery</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Na"per*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Naperies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OF. <ets>naperie</ets>, fr. <ets>nape</ets> a tablecloth, F. <ets>nappe</ets>, LL. <ets>napa</ets>, fr. L. <ets>mappa</ets>. See <er>Map</er>, and cf. <er>Apron</er>, <er>Napkin</er>.]</ety> <def>Table linen; also, linen clothing, or linen in general.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gayton.</i>

<h1>Napha water</h1>
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<hw>Na"pha wa`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Sp. <ets>nafa</ets>, from Ar. <ets>napha</ets> odor.]</ety> <def>A perfume distilled from orange flowers.</def>

<h1>Naphew</h1>
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<hw>Na"phew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Navew</er>.</def>

<h1>Naphtha</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Naph"tha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>naphtha</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, fr.Ar. <ets>nafth</ets>, <ets>nifth</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The complex mixture of volatile, liquid, inflammable hydrocarbons, occurring naturally, and usually called <i>crude petroleum</i>, <i>mineral oil</i>, or <i>rock oil</i>. Specifically: That portion of the distillate obtained in the refinement of petroleum which is intermediate between the lighter gasoline and the heavier benzine, and has a specific gravity of about 0.7, -- used as a solvent for varnishes, as a carburetant, illuminant, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of several volatile inflammable liquids obtained by the distillation of certain carbonaceous materials and resembling the naphtha from petroleum; <as>as, <ex>Boghead naphtha</ex>, from Boghead coal (obtained at <ex>Boghead</ex>, Scotland); <ex>crude naphtha</ex>, or <ex>light oil</ex>, from coal tar; <ex>wood naphtha</ex>, from wood, etc.</as></def>

<note>&hand; This term was applied by the earlier chemical writers to a number of volatile, strong smelling, inflammable liquids, chiefly belonging to the ethers, as the sulphate, nitrate, or acetate of ethyl.</note>

<i>Watts.</i>

<cs><col>Naphtha vitrioli</col> <ety>[NL., naphtha of vitriol]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>common ethyl ether; -- formerly called <altname>sulphuric ether</altname>. See <er>Ether</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Naphthalate</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Naph"tha*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of naphthalic acid; a phthalate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Naphthalene</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Naph"tha*lene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon, <chform>C10H8</chform>, analogous to benzene, and obtained by the distillation of certain bituminous materials, such as the heavy oil of coal tar. It is the type and basis of a large number of derivatives among organic compounds. Formerly called also <altname>naphthaline</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Naphthalene red</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a dyestuff obtained from certain diazo derivatives of naphthylamine, and called also <altname>magdala red</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Naphthalene yellow</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a yellow dyestuff obtained from certain nitro derivatives of naphthol.</cd></cs>

<h1>Naphthalenic</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Naph`tha*len"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to , or derived from, naphthalene; -- used specifically to designate a yellow crystalline substance, called <i>naphthalenic acid</i> and also <i>hydroxy quinone</i>, and obtained from certain derivatives of naphthol.</def>

<h1>Naphthalic</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Naph*tha"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or related to, naphthalene; -- used specifically to denote any one of a series of acids derived from naphthalene, and called <i>naphthalene acids</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Formerly, designating an acid probably identical with <i>phthalic</i> acid.</def>

<h1>Naphthalidine</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Naph*thal"i*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Naphthalene</ets> + tolu<ets>idine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Naphthylamine</er>.</def>

<h1>Naphthalin, Naphthaline</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw><hw>Naph"tha*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Naph"tha*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>naphthaline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Naphthalene</er>.</def>

<h1>Naphthalize</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Naph"tha*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To mingle, saturate, or impregnate, with naphtha.</def>

<h1>Naphthazarin</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Naph*thaz"a*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Naphtha</ets>lene + ali<ets>zarin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A dyestuff, resembling alizarin, obtained from naphthoquinone as a red crystalline substance with a bright green, metallic luster; -- called also <altname>naphthalizarin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Naphthene</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Naph"thene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A peculiar hydrocarbon occuring as an ingredient of Caucasian petroleum.</def>

<h1>Naphthide</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Naph"thide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of naphthalene or its radical with a metallic element; <as>as, mercuric <ex>naphthide</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Naphthoic</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Naph*tho"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or related to, naphthalene; -- used specifically to designate any one of a series of carboxyl derivatives, called <i>naphthoic acids</i>.</def>

<h1>Naphthol</h1>
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<hw>Naph"thol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Naphth</ets>alene + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a series of hydroxyl derivatives of naphthalene, analogous to phenol. In general they are crystalline substances with a phenol (carbolic) odor.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Naphthol blue</col>, <col>Naphthol orange</col>, <col>Naphthol yellow</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>brilliant dyestuffs produced from certain complex nitrogenous derivatives of naphthol or naphthoquinone.</cd></cs>

<h1>Naphthoquinone</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Naph`tho*qui"none</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Naphth</ets>alene + <ets>quinone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow crystalline substance, <chform>C10H6O2</chform>, analogous to quinone, obtained by oxidizing naphthalene with chromic acid.</def>

<h1>Naphthyl</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Naph"thyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Naphth</ets>alene + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon radical regarded as the essential residue of naphthalene.</def>

<h1>Naphthylamine</h1>
<Xpage=962>

<hw>Naph`thyl*am"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of two basic amido derivatives of naphthalene, <chform>C10H7.NH2</chform>, forming crystalline solids.</def>

<h1>Napierian, Naperian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Na*pie"ri*an</hw>, <hw>Na*pe"ri*an</hw> ,<hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or discovered by, <i>Napier</i>, or <i>Naper</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Naperian logarithms</col>. <cd>See under <er>Logarithms</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Napier's bones, Napier's rods</h1>
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<hw><hw>Na"pi*er's bones`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Na"pi*er's rods`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <def>A set of rods, made of bone or other material, each divided into nine spaces, and containing the numbers of a column of the multiplication table; -- a contrivance of Baron Napier, the inventor of logarithms, for facilitating the operations of multiplication and division.</def>

<h1>Napiform</h1>
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<hw>Na"pi*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>napus</ets> turnip + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>napiforme</ets>. Cf. <er>Navew</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Turnip-shaped; large and round in the upper part, and very slender below.</def>

<h1>Napkin</h1>
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<hw>Nap"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of OF. <ets>nape</ets> a tablecloth, cloth, F. <ets>nappe</ets>, L. <ets>mappa</ets>. See <er>Napery</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little towel, or small cloth, esp. one for wiping the fingers and mouth at table.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A handkerchief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Napkin pattern</col>. <cd>See <cref>Linen scroll</cref>, under <er>Linen</er>. -- <er>Napkin ring</er>, a ring of metal, ivory, or other material, used to inclose a table napkin.</cd></cs><-- paper napkin, a disposable napkin made of paper. -->

<h1>Napless</h1>
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<hw>Nap"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without nap; threadbare.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Naples yellow</h1>
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<hw>Na"ples yel"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Yellow</er>.</def>

<h1>Napoleon</h1>
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<hw>Na*po"le*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the Emperor <ets>Napoleon</ets> 1.]</ety> <def>A French gold coin of twenty francs, or about $3.86.</def>

<h1>Napoleonic</h1>
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<hw>Na*po`le*on"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Napoleon I., or his family; resembling, or having the qualities of, Napoleon I.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Napoleonist</h1>
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<hw>Na*po"le*on*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A supporter of the dynasty of the Napoleons.</def>

<h1>Nappe</h1>
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<hw>Nappe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>nappe</ets> cloth, sheet. See <er>Napery</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Sheet; surface; all that portion of a surface that is continuous in such a way that it is possible to pass from any one point of the portion to any other point of the portion without leaving the surface. Thus, some hyperboloids have one <i>nappe</i>, and some have two.</def>

<h1>Nappiness</h1>
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<hw>Nap"pi*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From 2d <er>Nappy</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of having a nap; abundance of nap, as on cloth.</def>

<h1>Napping</h1>
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<hw>Nap"ping</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of raising a nap, as on cloth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Hat Making)</fld> <def>A sheet of partially felted fur before it is united to the hat body.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Nappy</h1>
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<hw>Nap"py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 1st <er>Nap</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclined to sleep; sleepy; <as>as, to feel <ex>nappy</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tending to cause sleepiness; serving to make sleepy; strong; heady; <as>as, <ex>nappy</ex> ale</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyatt.</i>

<h1>Nappy</h1>
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<hw>Nap"py</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 3d <er>Nap</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a nap or pile; downy; shaggy.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Nappy</h1>
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<hw>Nap"py</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nappies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>nap</ets>, AS. <ets>hn\'91p</ets> cup, bowl. See <er>Hanaper</er>.]</ety> <def>A round earthen dish, with a flat bottom and sloping sides.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>nappie</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Nap-taking</h1>
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<hw>Nap"-tak`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A taking by surprise; an unexpected onset or attack.</def>

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Napu</h1>
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<hw>Na*pu"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very small chevrotain (<spn>Tragulus Javanicus</spn>), native of Java. It is about the size of a hare, and is noted for its agility in leaping. Called also <altname>Java musk deer</altname>, <altname>pygmy musk deer</altname>, and <altname>deerlet</altname>.</def>

<h1>Napus</h1>
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<hw>Na"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of turnip. See <er>Navew</er>.</def>

<h1>Narceine</h1>
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<hw>Nar"ce*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>narce</ets> numbness, torpor, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/: cf. F. <ets>narc\'82\'8bne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid found in small quantities in opium, and extracted as a white crystalline substance of a bitter astringent taste. It is a narcotic. Called also <altname>narceia</altname>.</def>

<h1>Narcissine</h1>
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<hw>Nar*cis"sine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Narcissus.</def>

<h1>Narcissus</h1>
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<hw>Nar*cis"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Narcissuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>narcissus</ets>, and (personified) <ets>Narcissus</ets>, Gr. <grk>na`rkissos</grk>, <grk>Na`rkissos</grk>, fr. <grk>na`rkh</grk> torpor, in allusion to the narcotic properties of the flower. Cf. <er>Narcotic</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of endogenous bulbous plants with handsome flowers, having a cup-shaped crown within the six-lobed perianth, and comprising the daffodils and jonquils of several kinds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Classical Myth.)</fld> <def>A beautiful youth fabled to have been enamored of his own image as seen in a fountain, and to have been changed into the flower called Narcissus.</def>

<h1>Narcosis</h1>
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<hw>Nar*co"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>na`rkwsis</grk>. See <er>Narcotic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Privation of sense or consciousness, due to a narcotic.</def>

<h1>Narcotic</h1>
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<hw>Nar*cot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>narcotique</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to benumb, <grk>na`rkh</grk> numbness, torpor.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having the properties of a narcotic; operating as a narcotic.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Nar*cot"ic*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<hr>
<page="963">
Page 963<p>

<h1>Narcotic</h1>
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<hw>Nar*cot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A drug which, in medicinal doses, generally allays morbid susceptibility, relieves pain, and produces sleep; but which, in poisonous doses, produces stupor, coma, or convulsions, and, when given in sufficient quantity, causes death. The best examples are opium (with morphine), belladonna (with atropine), and conium.</def>

<blockquote><b>Nercotykes</b> and opye (opium) of Thebes.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Narcotical</h1>
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<hw>Nar*cot"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Narcotic.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Nar*cot"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Narcotine</h1>
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<hw>Nar"co*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>narcotine</ets>. Cf. <er>Cotarnine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid found in opium, and extracted as a white crystalline substance, tasteless and less poisonous than morphine; -- called also <altname>narcotia</altname>.</def>

<h1>Narcotinic</h1>
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<hw>Nar`co*tin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to narcotine.</def>

<h1>Narcotism</h1>
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<hw>Nar"co*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>narcotisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Narcosis; the state of being narcotized.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Narcotize</h1>
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<hw>Nar"co*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Narcotized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Narcotizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To imbue with, or subject to the influence of, a narcotic; to put into a state of narcosis.</def>

<h1>Nard</h1>
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<hw>Nard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS., fr. L. <ets>nardus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/; cf. Heb. <ets>n\'88rd</ets>, Per. <ets>nard</ets>, Scr. <ets>nalada</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An East Indian plant (<spn>Nardostachys Jatamansi</spn>) of the Valerian family, used from remote ages in Oriental perfumery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> An ointment prepared partly from this plant. See <er>Spikenard</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of grass (<spn>Nardus stricta</spn>) of little value, found in Europe and Asia.</def>

<h1>Nardine</h1>
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<hw>Nard"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nardinus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>Of or   pertaining to nard; having the qualities of nard.</def>

<h1>Nardoo</h1>
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<hw>Nar*doo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An Australian name for <i>Marsilea Drummondii</i>, a four-leaved cryptogamous plant, sometimes used for food.</def>

<h1>Nare</h1>
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<hw>Nare</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>naris</ets>.]</ety> <def>A nostril.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Nares</h1>
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<hw>Na"res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., pl. of <ets>naris</ets> nostril.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The nostrils or nasal openings, -- the <i>anterior nares</i> being the external or proper nostrils, and the <i>posterior nares</i>, the openings of the nasal cavities into the mouth or pharynx.</def>

<h1>Nargile, Nargileh</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nar"gile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nar"gi*leh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>n\'bergh\'c6l</ets>, prop., a cocoanut; prob. so called because first made of a cocoanut.]</ety> <def>An apparatus for smoking tobacco. It has a long flexible tube, and the smoke is drawn through water.</def>

<h1>Narica</h1>
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<hw>Nar"i*ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The brown coati. See <er>Coati</er>.</def>

<h1>Nariform</h1>
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<hw>Nar"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>naris</ets> nostril + <ets>-form</ets>. See <er>Nose</er>.]</ety> <def>Formed like the nose.</def>

<h1>Narine</h1>
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<hw>Nar"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or belonging to the nostrils.</def>

<h1>Narrable</h1>
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<hw>Nar"ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>narrabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>narrare</ets> to narrate.]</ety> <def>Capable of being narrated or told.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Narragansetts</h1>
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<hw>Nar`ra*gan"setts</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Narragansett</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited the shores of Narragansett Bay.</def>

<h1>Narrate</h1>
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<hw>Nar*rate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Narrated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Narrating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>narratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>narrare</ets> to narrate, prob. for <ets>gnarigare</ets>, fr. <ets>gnarus</ets> knowing. See <er>Ignore</er>, <er>Know</er>.]</ety> <def>To tell, rehearse, or recite, as a story; to relate the particulars of; to go through with in detail, as an incident or transaction; to give an account of.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To relate; recount; detail; describe.</syn>

<h1>Narration</h1>
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<hw>Nar*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>narratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>narration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of telling or relating the particulars of an event; rehearsal; recital.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is related; the relation in words or writing of the particulars of any transaction or event, or of any series of transactions or events; story; history.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>That part of a discourse which recites the time, manner, or consequences of an action, or simply states the facts connected with the subject.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Account; recital; rehearsal; relation; description; explanation; detail; narrative; story; tale; history. See <er>Account</er>.</syn>

<h1>Narrative</h1>
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<hw>Nar"ra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>narratif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to narration; relating to the particulars of an event or transaction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Apt or inclined to relate stories, or to tell particulars of events; story-telling; garrulous.</def>

<blockquote>But wise through time, and <b>narrative</b> with age.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Narrative</h1>
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<hw>Nar"ra*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is narrated; the recital of a story; a continuous account of the particulars of an event or transaction; a story.</def>

<blockquote>Cyntio was much taken with my <b>narrative</b>.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Account; recital; rehearsal; relation; narration; story; tale. See <er>Account</er>.</syn>

<h1>Narratively</h1>
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<hw>Nar"ra*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the style of narration.</def>

<h1>Narrator</h1>
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<hw>Nar*ra"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who narrates; one who relates a series of events or transactions.</def>

<h1>Narratory</h1>
<Xpage=963>

<hw>Nar"ra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giving an account of events; narrative; <as>as, <ex>narratory</ex> letters</as>.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Narre</h1>
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<hw>Narre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Nearer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Narrow</h1>
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<hw>Nar"row</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Narrower</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Narrowest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>narwe</ets>, <ets>naru</ets>, AS. <ets>nearu</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>naru</ets>, <ets>naro</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of little breadth; not wide or broad; having little distance from side to side; <as>as, a <ex>narrow</ex> board; a <ex>narrow</ex> street; a <ex>narrow</ex> hem.</as></def>

<blockquote>Hath passed in safety through the <b>narrow</b> seas.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of little extent; very limited; circumscribed.</def>

<blockquote>The Jews were but a small nation, and confined to a <b>narrow</b> compass in the world.
<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having but a little margin; having barely sufficient space, time, or number, etc.; close; near; -- with special reference to some peril or misfortune; <as>as, a <ex>narrow</ex> shot; a <ex>narrow</ex> escape; a <ex>narrow</ex> majority.</as></def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Limited as to means; straitened; pinching; <as>as, <ex>narrow</ex> circumstances</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Contracted; of limited scope; illiberal; bigoted; <as>as, a <ex>narrow</ex> mind; <ex>narrow</ex> views.</as></def> "A <i>narrow</i> understanding."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Parsimonious; niggardly; covetous; selfish.</def>

<blockquote>A very <b>narrow</b> and stinted charity.
<i>Smalridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Scrutinizing in detail; close; accurate; exact.</def>

<blockquote>But first with <b>narrow</b> search I must walk round
This garden, and no corner leave unspied.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>Formed (as a vowel) by a close position of some part of the tongue in relation to the palate; or (according to Bell) by a tense condition of the pharynx; -- distinguished from <i>wide</i>; as \'c7 (\'c7ve) and &oomac; (f&oomac;d), etc., from \'cc (\'ccll) and &oocr; (f&oocr;t), etc. See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect; 13.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Narrow</i> is not unfrequently prefixed to words, especially to participles and adjectives, forming compounds of obvious signification; as, <i>narrow</i>-bordered, <i>narrow</i>-brimmed, <i>narrow</i>-breasted, <i>narrow</i>-edged, <i>narrow</i>-faced, <i>narrow</i>-headed, <i>narrow</i>-leaved, <i>narrow</i>-pointed, <i>narrow</i>-souled, <i>narrow</i>-sphered, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Narrow gauge</col>. <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <cd>See Note under <er>Gauge</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 6.</cd></cs>

<h1>Narrow</h1>
<Xpage=963>

<hw>Nar"row</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Narrows</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A narrow passage; esp., a contracted part of a stream, lake, or sea; a strait connecting two bodies of water; -- usually in the plural; <as>as, The <ex>Narrows</ex> of New York harbor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Near the island lay on one side the jaws of a dangerous
<b>narrow</b>.
<i>Gladstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Narrow</h1>
<Xpage=963>

<hw>Nar"row</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Narrowed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Narrowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>nearwian</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lessen the breadth of; to contract; to draw into a smaller compass; to reduce the width or extent of.</def>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To contract the reach or sphere of; to make less liberal or more selfish; to limit; to confine; to restrict; <as>as, to <ex>narrow</ex> one's views or knowledge; to <ex>narrow</ex> a question in discussion.</as></def>

<blockquote>Our knowledge is much more <b>narrowed</b> if we confine ourselves to our own solitary reasonings.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Knitting)</fld> <def>To contract the size of, as a stocking, by taking two stitches into one.</def>

<h1>Narrow</h1>
<Xpage=963>

<hw>Nar"row</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become less broad; to contract; to become narrower; <as>as, the sea <ex>narrows</ex> into a strait</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>Not to step out enough to the one hand or the other; <as>as, a horse <ex>narrows</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Farrier's Dict.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Knitting)</fld> <def>To contract the size of a stocking or other knit article, by taking two stitches into one.</def>

<h1>Narrower</h1>
<Xpage=963>

<hw>Nar"row*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, narrows or contracts.</def>

<i>Hannah More.</i>

<h1>Narrowing</h1>
<Xpage=963>

<hw>Nar"row*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of contracting, or of making or becoming less in breadth or extent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The part of a stocking which is narrowed.</def>

<h1>Narrowly</h1>
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<hw>Nar"row*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>nearulice</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With little breadth; in a narrow manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without much extent; contractedly.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>With minute scrutiny; closely; <as>as, to look or watch <ex>narrowly</ex>; to search <ex>narrowly</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>With a little margin or space; by a small distance; hence, closely; hardly; barely; only just; -- often with reference to an avoided danger or misfortune; <as>as, he <ex>narrowly</ex> escaped</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Sparingly; parsimoniously.</def>

<-- construe narrowly? -->

<h1>Narrow-minded</h1>
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<hw>Nar"row-mind`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of narrow mental scope; illiberal; mean.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Nar"row-mind`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Narrowness</h1>
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<hw>Nar"row*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>nearunes</ets>.]</ety> <def>The condition or quality of being narrow.</def>

<h1>Nart</h1>
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<hw>Nart</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[For <ets>ne art</ets>.]</ety> <def>Art not.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Narthex</h1>
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<hw>Nar"thex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., giant fennel, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tall umbelliferous plant (<spn>Ferula communis</spn>). See <cref>Giant fennel</cref>, under <er>Fennel</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The portico in front of ancient churches; sometimes, the atrium or outer court surrounded by ambulatories; -- used, generally, for any vestibule, lobby, or outer porch, leading to the nave of a church.</def>

<h1>Narwal</h1>
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<hw>Nar"wal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Narwhal</er>.</def>

<h1>Narwe</h1>
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<hw>Nar"we</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Narrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Narwhal</h1>
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<hw>Nar"whal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sw. or Dan. <ets>narvhal</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>n\'behvalr</ets>, and E. <ets>whale</ets>. the first syllable is perh. from Icel. <ets>n\'ber</ets> corpse, dead body, in allusion to the whitish color its skin. See <er>Whale</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>narwhale</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An arctic cetacean (<spn>Monodon monocerous</spn>), about twenty feet long. The male usually has one long, twisted, pointed canine tooth, or tusk projecting forward from the upper jaw like a horn, whence it is called also <altname>sea unicorn</altname>, <altname>unicorn fish</altname>, and <altname>unicorn whale</altname>. Sometimes two horns are developed, side by side.</def>

<h1>Nas</h1>
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<hw>Nas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[For <ets>ne was</ets>.]</ety> <def>Was not</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nas.</h1>
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<hw>Nas.</hw> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>ne has</ets>.]</ety> <def>Has not.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Nasal</h1>
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<hw>Na"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., from L. <ets>nasus</ets> the nose. See <er>Nose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the nose.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>Having a quality imparted by means of the nose; and specifically, made by lowering the soft palate, in some cases with closure of the oral passage, the voice thus issuing (wholly or partially) through the nose, as in the consonants <it>m</it>, <it>n</it>, <it>ng</it> (see <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 20, 208); characterized by resonance in the nasal passage; <as>as, a <ex>nasal</ex> vowel; a <ex>nasal</ex> utterance.</as></def>

<cs><col>Nasal bones</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>two bones of the skull, in front of the frontals.</cd> -- <col>Nasal index</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>in the skull, the ratio of the transverse the base of the aperture to the nasion, which latter distance is taken as the standard, equal to 100.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nasal</h1>
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<hw>Na"sal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An elementary sound which is uttered through the nose, or through both the nose and the mouth simultaneously.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine that operates through the nose; an errhine.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>Part of a helmet projecting to protect the nose; a nose guard.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the nasal bones.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A plate, or scale, on the nose of a fish, etc.</def>

<h1>Nasality</h1>
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<hw>Na*sal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nasalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being nasal.</def>

<h1>Nasalization</h1>
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<hw>Na`sal*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of nasalizing, or the state of being nasalized.</def>

<h1>Nasalize</h1>
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<hw>Na"sal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nasalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nasalizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To render nasal, as sound; to insert a nasal or sound in.</def>

<h1>Nasalize</h1>
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<hw>Na"sal*ize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter words or letters with a nasal sound; to speak through the nose.</def>

<h1>Nasally</h1>
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<hw>Na"sal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a nasal manner; by the nose.</def>

<h1>Nascal</h1>
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<hw>Nas"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>nascale</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of pessary of medicated wool or cotton, formerly used.</def>

<h1>Nascency</h1>
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<hw>Nas"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nascentia</ets>. See <er>Nascent</er>.]</ety> <def>State of being nascent; birth; beginning; origin.</def>

<h1>Nascent</h1>
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<hw>Nas"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nascens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. <ets>nasci</ets> to be born. See <er>Nation</er>, and cf. <er>Naissant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Commencing, or in process of development; beginning to exist or to grow; coming into being; <as>as, a <ex>nascent</ex> germ</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Nascent</b> passions and anxieties.
<i>Berkley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Evolving; being evolved or produced.</def>

<cs><col>Nascent state</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the supposed instantaneous or momentary state of an uncombined atom or radical just separated from one compound acid, and not yet united with another, -- a hypothetical condition implying peculiarly active chemical properties; <as>as, hydrogen in the <ex>nascent state<ex> is a strong reducer</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Naseberry</h1>
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<hw>Nase"ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>nispero</ets> medlar and naseberry tree, fr. L. <ets>mespilus</ets>. See <er>Medlar</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tropical fruit. See <er>Sapodilla</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>nisberry</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Nash</h1>
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<hw>Nash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Firm; stiff; hard; also, chilly.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Nasicornous</h1>
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<hw>Nas`i*cor"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nasus</ets> nose + <ets>cornu</ets> horn: cf. F. <ets>nasicorne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Bearing a horn, or horns, on the nose, as the rhinoceros.</def>

<h1>Nasiform</h1>
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<hw>Nas"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nasus</ets> nose + <ets>-form</ets>. See <er>Nose</er>, and cf. <er>Nariform</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the shape of a nose.</def>

<h1>Nasion</h1>
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<hw>Na*si*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Nl., fr. L. <ets>nasus</ets> nose.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The middle point of the nasofrontal suture.</def>

<h1>Naso-</h1>
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<hw>Na"so-</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>nasus</ets> nose.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A combining form denoting <i>pertaining to</i>, or <i>connected with</i>, <i>the nose</i>; <as>as, <ex>naso</ex>frontal</as>.</def>

<h1>Nasobuccal</h1>
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<hw>Na"so*buc"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Naso</ets> + <ets>buccal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Connected with both the nose and the mouth; <as>as, the <ex>nasobuccal</ex> groove in the skate</as>.</def>

<h1>Nasofrontal</h1>
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<hw>Na`so*fron"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Naso-</ets> + <ets>frontal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>of or pertaining to the nose and the front of the head; <as>as, the embryonic <ex>nasofrontal</ex> process which forms the anterior boundary of the mouth</as>.</def>

<h1>Nasolachrymal</h1>
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<hw>Na`so*lach"ry*mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Naso-</ets> + <ets>lachrymal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Connected with the lachrymal apparatus and the nose; <as>as, the <ex>nasolachrymal</ex>, or lachrymal duct</as>.</def>

<h1>Nasopalatal, Nasopalatine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Na`so*pal"a*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Na`so*pal"a*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Naso-</ets> + <ets>palatal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Connected with both the nose and the palate; <as>as, the <ex>nasopalatine</ex> or incisor, canal connecting the mouth and the nasal chamber in some animals; the <ex>nasopalatine</ex> nerve.</as></def>

<h1>Nasopharyngeal</h1>
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<hw>Na`so*phar`yn*ge"al</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Naso-</ets> + <ets>pharyngeal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to both throat and nose; <as>as, a <ex>nasopharyngeal</ex> polypus</as>.</def>

<h1>Nasoseptal</h1>
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<hw>Na`so*sep"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Naso-</ets> + <ets>septal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the internasal septum.</def>

<h1>Nasoturbinal</h1>
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<hw>Na`so*tur"bi*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Naso-</ets> + <ets>turbinal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Connected with, or near, both the turbinal and the nasal bones; <as>as, the <ex>nasalturbinal</ex> bone, made up of the uppermost lammel\'91 of the ethmoturbinal, and sometimes united with the nasal</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The nasoturbinal bone.</def></def2>

<h1>Nassa</h1>
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<hw>Nas"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Nassas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Nass\'92</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[From L. <ets>nassa</ets> a kind of basket, in allusion to the reticulation of some species.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of marine gastropods, of the genera <spn>Nassa</spn>, <spn>Tritia</spn>, and other allied genera of the family <spn>Nassid\'91</spn>; a dog whelk. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Gastropoda</er>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>nas"soid</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Nastily</h1>
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<hw>Nas"ti*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a nasty manner.</def>

<h1>Nastiness</h1>
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<hw>Nas"ti*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being nasty; extreme filthness; dirtiness; also, indecency; obscenity.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>nastiness</b> of Plautus and Aristophanes.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nasturtion</h1>
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<hw>Nas*tur"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Nasturtium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Nasturtium</er>.</def>

<h1>Nasturtium</h1>
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<hw>Nas*tur"tium</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nasturtium</ets>, for <ets>nasitortium</ets>, fr. <ets>nasus</ets> nose + <ets>torquere</ets>, <ets>tortum</ets>, to twist, torture, in allusion to the causing one to make a wry face by its pungent taste. See <er>Nose</er> of the face, and <er>Torture</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of cruciferous plants, having white or yellowish flowers, including several species of cress. They are found chiefly in wet or damp grounds, and have a pungent biting taste.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the genus <spn>Trop\'91olum</spn>, geraniaceous herbs, having mostly climbing stems, peltate leaves, and spurred flowers, and including the common Indian cress (<spn>Trop\'91olum majus</spn>), the canary-bird flower (<spn>T. peregrinum</spn>), and about thirty more species, all natives of South America. The whole plant has a warm pungent flavor, and the fleshy fruits are used as a substitute for capers, while the leaves and flowers are sometimes used in salads.</def>

<hr>
<page="964">
Page 964<p>

<h1>Nasty</h1>
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<hw>Nas"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Nastier</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Nastiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For older <ets>nasky</ets>; cf. dial. Sw. <ets>naskug</ets>, <ets>nasket</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Offensively filthy; very dirty, foul, or defiled; disgusting; nauseous.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, loosely: Offensive; disagreeable; unpropitious; wet; drizzling; <as>as, a <ex>nasty</ex> rain, day, sky</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Characterized by obcenity; indecent; indelicate; gross; filthy.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Nasty</er>, <er>Filthy</er>, <er>Foul</er>, <er>Dirty</er>.</syn> <usage>Anything <i>nasty</i> is usually wet or damp as well as filthy or dirty, and disgusts by its stickness or odor; but <i>filthy</i> and <i>foul</i> imply that a thing is filled or covered with offensive matter, while <i>dirty</i> describes it as defiled or sullied with dirt of any kind; as, <i>filthy</i> clothing, <i>foul</i> vapors, etc.</usage>

<h1>Nasute</h1>
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<hw>Na"sute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nasutus</ets>, fr. <ets>nasus</ets> the nose.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a nice sense of smell.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Critically nice; captious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>auden.</i>

<h1>Nasutness</h1>
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<hw>Na"sut*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quickness of scent; hence, nice discernment; acuteness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Nat</h1>
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<hw>Nat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Not</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nat</h1>
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<hw>Nat</hw> <ety>[For <ets>ne at</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not at; nor at.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>haucer.</i>

<h1>Natal</h1>
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<hw>Na"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>natalis</ets>, fr. <ets>natus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>nasci</ets> to be born: cf. F. <ets>natal</ets>. See <er>Nation</er>, and cf. <er>Noel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to one's birth; accompying or dating from one's birth; native.</def>

<blockquote>Princes' children took names from their <b>natal</b> places.
<i>Camden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Propitious star, whose sacred power
Presided o'er the monarch's <b>natal</b> hour.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Actrol.)</fld> <def>Presiding over nativity; <as>as, <ex>natal</ex> Jove</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Native, natural. See <er>Native</er>.</syn>

<h1>Natalitial, Natalitious</h1>
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<hw><hw>Na`ta*li"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Na`ta*li"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>natalitius</ets>, from <ets>natalis</ets>. See <er>Natal</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to one's birth or birthday, or one's nativity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Natalitial</i> poplar." <i>Evelyn.</i> "<i>Natalitious</i> fire." <i>W. Cartwright.</i>

<h1>Nataloin</h1>
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<hw>Na*tal"o*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Natal alo</ets>es.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter crystalline substance constituting the essential principle of Natal aloes. Cf. <er>Aloon</er>.</def>

<h1>Natal plum</h1>
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<hw>Na*tal" plum`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The drupaceous fruit of two South African shrubs of the genus <spn>Arduina</spn> (<spn>A. bispinosa</spn> and <spn>A. grandiflora</spn>).</def>

<h1>Natals</h1>
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<hw>Na"tals</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>One's birth, or the circumstances attending it.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fitz-Geffry.</i>

<h1>Natant</h1>
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<hw>Na"tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>natans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, from swim, v. intens. fr. <ets>nare</ets> to swim: cf. F. <ets>natant</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Floating in water, as the leaves of water lilies, or submersed, as those of many aquatic plants.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Placed horizontally across the field, as if swimmimg toward the dexter side; said of all sorts of fishes except the flying fish.</def>

<h1>Natantly</h1>
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<hw>Na"tant*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a floating manner; swimmingly.</def>

<h1>Natation</h1>
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<hw>Na*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>natatio</ets>, fr. <ets>natare</ets> to swim: cf. F. <ets>natation</ets>. See <er>Natant</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of floating on the water; swimming.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Natatores</h1>
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<hw>Na`ta*to"res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>natator</ets> a swimmer.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The swimming birds.</def>

<note>&hand; They were formerly united into one order, which is now considered an artifical group.</note>

<h1>Natatorial</h1>
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<hw>Na`ta*to"rial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclined or adapted to swim; swimming; <as>as, <ex>natatorial</ex> birds</as>.</def>

<h1>Natatorious</h1>
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<hw>Na`ta*to"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Adapted for swimming; -- said of the legs of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Natatorium</h1>
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<hw>Na`ta*to"rium</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A swimming bath.</def>

<h1>Natatory</h1>
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<hw>Na"ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>natatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Adapted for swimming or floating; <as>as, <ex>natatory</ex> organs</as>.</def>

<h1>Natch</h1>
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<hw>Natch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>nache</ets> fesse, LL. <ets>natica</ets>, from L. <ets>natis</ets> the rump, buttocks. Cf. <er>Aitchbone</er>.]</ety> <def>The rump of beef; esp., the lower and back part of the rump.</def>

<cs><col>Natch bone</col>, <cd>the edgebone, or aitchbone, in beef.</cd></cs>

<h1>Natchez</h1>
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<hw>Natch"ez</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians who formerly lived near the site of the city of Natchez, Mississippi. In 1729 they were subdued by the French; the survivors joined the Creek Confederacy.</def>

<h1>Natchnee</h1>
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<hw>Natch"nee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An annual grass (<spn>Eleusine coracona</spn>), cultivated in India as a food plant.</def>

<h1>Nates</h1>
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<hw>Na"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., the buttocks.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The buttocks.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The two anterior of the four lobes on the dorsal side of the midbrain of most mammals; the anterior optic lobes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The umbones of a bivalve shell.</def>

<h1>Nath</h1>
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<hw>Nath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>ne hath</ets>,]</ety> <def>hath not.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nathless</h1>
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<hw>Nath"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>natheles</ets>, <ets>na the les</ets>, not the less, AS. <ets>n\'be</ets> never. See <er>Na</er>, <er>The</er>, <ets>conj</ets>., and cf. <er>Nevertheless</er>.]</ety> <def>Nevertheless.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Milton. E. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Nathmore</h1>
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<hw>Nath"more`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>na the more</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not the more; never the more.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>penser.</i>

<h1>Natica</h1>
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<hw>Nat"i*ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Naticas</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, L. <plw>Natic\'92</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of marine gastropods belonging to <spn>Natica</spn>, <spn>Lunatia</spn>, <spn>Neverita</spn>, and other allied genera (family <spn>Naticid\'91</spn>.) They burrow beneath the sand, or mud, and drill other shells.</def>

<h1>Naticoid</h1>
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<hw>Nat"i*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Natica</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or belonging to Natica, or the family <spn>Natic\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Nation</h1>
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<hw>Na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>nation</ets>, L. <ets>natio</ets> nation, race, orig., a being born, fr. <ets>natus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>nasci</ets>, to be born, for <ets>gnatus</ets>, <ets>gnaci</ets>, from the same root as E. <ets>kin</ets>. \'fb44. See <er>Kin</er> kindred, and cf. <er>Cognate</er>, <er>Natal</er>, <er>Native</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A part, or division, of the people of the earth, distinguished from the rest by common descent, language, or institutions; a race; a stock.</def>

<blockquote>All <b>nations</b>, and kindreds, and people, and tongues.
<i>Rev. vii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The body of inhabitants of a country, united under an independent government of their own.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>nation</b> is the unity of a people.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Praise the power that hath made and preserved us a <b>nation</b>.
<i>F. S. Key.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Family; lineage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the divisions of university students in a classification according to nativity, formerly common in Europe.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Scotch Universities)</fld> <def>One of the four divisions (named from the parts of Scotland) in which students were classified according to their nativity.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A great number; a great deal; -- by way of emphasis; <as>as, a <ex>nation</ex> of herbs</as>.</def>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<cs><col>Five nations</col>. <cd>See under <er>Five</er>.</cd> -- <col>Law of nations</col>. <cd>See <cref>International law</cref>, under <er>International</er>, and <er>Law</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- people; race. See <er>People</er>.</syn>

<h1>National</h1>
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<hw>Na"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>national</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a nation; common to a whole people or race; public; general; <as>as, a <ex>national</ex> government, language, dress, custom, calamity, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attached to one's own country or nation.</def>

<cs><col>National anthem</col>, <cd>a popular song or hymn which has become by general acceptance the recognized musical expression of the patriotic sentiment of a nation; as, "God save the King" is called the <i>national anthem<i> of England.</cd> -- <col>National bank</col>, <cd>the official common name of a class of banking corporations established under the laws of the United States.</cd> -- <col>National flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>National guard</col>, <cd>a body of militia, or a local military organization, as in Paris during the French Revolution, or as certain bodies of militia in other European countries and in the United States.</cd> -- <col>National salute</col>, <cd>a salute consisting of as many guns as there are States in the Union. <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Nationalism</h1>
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<hw>Na"tion*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being national; national attachment; nationality.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An idiom, trait, or character peculiar to any nation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>National independence; the principles of the Nationalists.</def>

<h1>Nationalist</h1>
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<hw>Na"tion*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who advocates national unity and independence; one of a party favoring Irish independence.</def>

<h1>Nationality</h1>
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<hw>Na`tion*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nationalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nationalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being national, or strongly attached to one's own nation; patriotism.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sum of the qualities which distinguish a nation; national character.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A race or people, as determined by common language and character, and not by political bias or divisions; a nation.</def>

<blockquote>the fulfillment of his mission is to be looked for in the condition of <b>nationalities</b> and the character of peoples.
<i>H. W. Beecher.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Existence as a distinct or individual nation; national unity and integrity.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The state or quality of belonging to or being connected with a nation or government by nativity, character, ownership, allegiance, etc.</def>

<h1>Nationalization</h1>
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<hw>Na`tion*al*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of nationalizing, or the state of being nationalized.</def>

<h1>Nationalize</h1>
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<hw>Na"tion*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nationalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nationalizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nationaliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make national; to make a nation of; to endow with the character and habits of a nation, or the peculiar sentiments and attachment of citizens of a nation.</def>

<h1>Nationally</h1>
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<hw>Na"tion*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a national manner or way; as a nation.</def> "The jews ... being <i>nationally</i> espoused to God by covenant."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Nationalness</h1>
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<hw>Na"tion*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being national; nationality.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Native</h1>
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<hw>Na"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>natif</ets>, L. <ets>nativus</ets>, fr. <ets>nasci</ets>, p.p. <ets>natus</ets>. See <er>Nation</er>, and cf. <er>Na\'8bve</er>, <er>Nelf</er> a serf.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Arising by birth; having an origin; born.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Anaximander's opinion is, that the gods are <b>native</b>, rising and vanishing again in long periods of times.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to one's birth; natal; belonging to the place or the circumstances in which one is born; -- opposed to <i>foreign</i>; <as>as, <ex>native</ex> land, language, color, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Born in the region in which one lives; <as>as, a <ex>native</ex> inhabitant, race</as>; grown or originating in the region where used or sold; not foreign or imported; <as>as, <ex>native</ex> oysters, or strawberries</as>.</def><-- latter sense = domestic -->

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Original; constituting the original substance of anything; <as>as, <ex>native</ex> dust</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Conferred by birth; derived from origin; born with one; inherent; inborn; not acquired; <as>as, <ex>native</ex> genius, cheerfulness, simplicity, rights, etc.</as></def>
<-- congenital, hereditary. -->

<blockquote>Courage is <b>native</b> to you.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Naturally related; cognate; connected (with).</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>the head is not more <b>native</b> to the heart, ...
Than is the throne of Denmark to thy father.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Found in nature uncombined with other elements; <as>as, <ex>native</ex> silver</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Found in nature; not artificial; as <i>native</i> sodium chloride.</def>

<cs><col>Native American party</col>. <cd>See under <er>American</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>Native bear</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the koala.</cd> -- <col>Native bread</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a large underground fungus, of Australia (<spn>Mylitta australis</spn>), somewhat resembling a truffle, but much larger.</cd> -- <col>Native devil</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Tasmanian devil</cref>, under <er>Devil</er>.</cd> -- <col>Native hen</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Australian rail (<spn>Tribonyx Mortierii</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Native pheasant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Leipoa</er>.</cd> -- <col>Native rabbit</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Australian marsupial (<spn>Perameles lagotis</spn>) resembling a rabbit in size and form.</cd> -- <col>Native sloth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the koala.</cd> -- <col>Native thrush</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Australian singing bird (<spn>Pachycephala olivacea</spn>); -- called also <altname>thickhead</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Native turkey</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Australian bustard (<spn>Choriotis australis</spn>); -- called also <altname>bebilya</altname>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Natural; natal; original; congential.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Native</er>, <er>Natural</er>, <er>Natal</er>. <i>natural</i> refers to the <i>nature</i> of a thing, or that which springs therefrom; <i>native</i>, to one's birth or origin; as, a <i>native</i> country, language, etc.; <i>natal</i>, to the circumstances of one's birth; as, a <i>natal</i> day, or star. <i>Native</i> talent is that which is inborn; <i>natural</i> talent is that which springs from the structure of the mind. <i>Native</i> eloquence is the result of strong innate emotion; <i>natural</i> eloquence is opposed to that which is studied or artifical.</usage>

<h1>Native</h1>
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<hw>Na"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, is born in a place or country referred to; a denizen by birth; an animal, a fruit, or vegetable, produced in a certain region; <as>as, a <ex>native</ex> of France</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Stock Breeding)</fld> <def>Any of the live stock found in a region, as distinguished from such as belong to pure and distinct imported breeds.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Natively</h1>
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<hw>Na"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By natural or original condition; naturally; originally.</def>

<h1>Nativeness</h1>
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<hw>Na"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being native.</def>

<h1>Nativism</h1>
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<hw>Na"tiv*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The disposition to favor the native inhabitants of a country, in preference to immigrants from foreign countries.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The doctrine of innate ideas, or that the mind possesses forms of thought independent of sensation.</def>

<h1>Nativist</h1>
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<hw>Na"tiv*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An advocate of nativism.</def>

<h1>Nativistic</h1>
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<hw>Na`tiv*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to nativism.</def>

<h1>Nativity</h1>
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<hw>Na*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nativies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>nativit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>nativitas</ets>. See <er>Native</er>, and cf. <er>Na\'8bvet\'90</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The coming into life or into the world; birth; also, the circumstances attending birth, as time, place, manner, etc.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>I have served him from the hour of my <b>nativity</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou hast left ... the land of thy <b>nativity</b>.
<i>Ruth ii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These in their dark <b>nativity</b> the deep
Shall yield us, pregnant with infernal flame.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A picture representing or symbolizing the early infancy of Christ. The simplest form is the babe in a rude cradle, and the heads of an ox and an ass to express the stable in which he was born.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>A representation of the positions of the heavenly bodies as the moment of one's birth, supposed to indicate his future destinies; a horoscope.</def>

<cs><col>The Nativity</col>, <cd>the birth or birthday of Christ; Christmas day.</cd> -- <col>To</col> <col>cast, &or; calculate</col>, <col>one's nativity</col> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld>, <cd>to find out and represent the position of the heavenly bodies at the time of one's birth.</cd></cs>

<h1>Natka</h1>
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<hw>Nat"ka</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of shrike.</def>

<h1>Natrium</h1>
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<hw>Na"tri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Natron</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The technical name for sodium.</def>

<h1>Natrolite</h1>
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<hw>Na"tro*lite</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Natron</ets> + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>natrolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A zeolite occuring in groups of glassy acicular crystals, and in masses which often have a radiated structure. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and soda.</def>

<h1>Natron</h1>
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<hw>Na"tron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Sp. <ets>natron</ets>, Ar. <ets>natr\'d4n</ets>, <ets>nitr\'d4n</ets>. Cf. <er>Niter</er>, <er>Anatron</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native sodium carbonate.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>anatron</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Natter</h1>
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<hw>Nat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>knetta</ets> to grumble.]</ety> <def>To find fault; to be peevish.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. or Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Natterjack</h1>
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<hw>Nat"ter*jack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European toad (<spn>Bufo calamita</spn>), having a yellow line along its back.</def>

<h1>Natty</h1>
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<hw>Nat"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Neat</er> clean.]</ety> <def>Neat; tidy; spruce.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

-- <wordforms><wf>Nat"ti*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Nat"ti*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Natural</h1>
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<hw>Nat"u*ral</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>naturel</ets>, F. <ets>naturel</ets>, fr. L. <ets>naturalis</ets>, fr. <ets>natura</ets>. See <er>Nature</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential; characteristic; not artifical, foreign, assumed, put on, or acquired; <as>as, the <ex>natural</ex> growth of animals or plants; the <ex>natural</ex> motion of a gravitating body; <ex>natural</ex> strength or disposition; the <ex>natural</ex> heat of the body; <ex>natural</ex> color.</as></def>

<blockquote>With strong <b>natural</b> sense, and rare force of will.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conformed to the order, laws, or actual facts, of nature; consonant to the methods of nature; according to the stated course of things, or in accordance with the laws which govern events, feelings, etc.; not exceptional or violent; legitimate; normal; regular; <as>as, the <ex>natural</ex> consequence of crime; a <ex>natural</ex> death.</as></def>

<blockquote>What can be more <b>natural</b> than the circumstances in the behavior of those women who had lost their husbands on this fatal day?
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having to do with existing system to things; dealing with, or derived from, the creation, or the world of matter and mind, as known by man; within the scope of human reason or experience; not supernatural; <as>as, a <ex>natural</ex> law; <ex>natural</ex> science; history, theology.</as></def>

<blockquote>I call that <b>natural</b> religion which men might know ... by the mere principles of reason, improved by consideration and experience, without the help of revelation.
<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Conformed to truth or reality</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Springing from true sentiment; not artifical or exaggerated; -- said of action, delivery, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>natural</ex> gesture, tone, etc.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Resembling the object imitated; true to nature; according to the life; -- said of anything copied or imitated; <as>as, a portrait is <ex>natural</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Having the character or sentiments properly belonging to one's position; not unnatural in feelings.</def>

<blockquote>To leave his wife, to leave his babes, ...
He wants the <b>natural</b> touch.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Connected by the ties of consanguinity.</def> "<i>Natural</i> friends."

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Begotten without the sanction of law; born out of wedlock; illegitimate; bastard; <as>as, a <ex>natural</ex> child</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the lower or animal nature, as contrasted with the higher or moral powers, or that which is spiritual; being in a state of nature; unregenerate.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>natural</b> man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God.
<i>1 Cor. ii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, to be taken in, or referred to, some system, in which the base is 1; -- said or certain functions or numbers; <as>as, <ex>natural</ex> numbers, those commencing at 1; <ex>natural</ex> sines, cosines, etc., those taken in arcs whose radii are 1.</as></def>

<hr>
<page="965">
Page 965<p>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Produced by natural organs, as those of the human throat, in distinction from instrumental music.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>of or pertaining to a key which has neither a flat nor a sharp for its signature, as the key of C major.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Applied to an air or modulation of harmony which moves by easy and smooth transitions, digressing but little from the original key.</def>

<i>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</i>

<cs><col>Natural day</col>, <cd>the space of twenty-four hours.</cd>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

-- <mcol><col>Natural fats</col>, <col>Natural gas</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Fat</er>, <er>Gas</er>. etc.</cd> -- <col>Natural Harmony</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the harmony of the triad or common chord.</cd> -- <col>Natural history</col>, <cd>in its broadest sense, a history or description of nature as a whole, incuding the sciences of <stype>botany</stype>, <stype>zo\'94logy</stype>, <stype>geology</stype>, <stype>mineralogy</stype>, <stype>paleontology</stype>, <stype>chemistry</stype>, and <stype>physics</stype>. In recent usage the term is often restricted to the sciences of botany and zo\'94logy collectively, and sometimes to the science of zoology alone.</cd> -- <col>Natural law</col>, <cd>that instinctive sense of justice and of right and wrong, which is native in mankind, as distinguished from specifically revealed divine law, and formulated human law.</cd> -- <col>Natural modulation</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>transition from one key to its relative keys.</cd> -- <col>Natural order</col>. <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>order</er>.</cd> -- <col>Natural person</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>person</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Natural philosophy</col>, <cd>originally, the study of nature in general; in modern usage, that branch of physical science, commonly called <altname>physics</altname>, which treats of the phenomena and laws of matter and considers those effects only which are unaccompanied by any change of a chemical nature; -- contrasted with <i>mental</i> and <i>moral philosophy</i>.</cd> -- <col>Natural scale</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a scale which is written without flats or sharps.</cd> <i>Model</i> would be a preferable term, as less likely to mislead, the so-called <i>artificial</i> scales (scales represented by the use of flats and sharps) being equally natural with the so-called <i>natural</i> scale -- <col>Natural science</col>, <cd>natural history, in its broadest sense; -- used especially in contradistinction to <i>mental</i> or <i>moral science</i>.</cd> -- <col>Natural selection</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>a supposed operation of natural laws analogous, in its operation and results, to designed selection in breeding plants and animals, and resulting in the <i>survival of the fittest</i>. The theory of natural selection supposes that this has been brought about mainly by gradual changes of environment which have led to corresponding changes of structure, and that those forms which have become so modified as to be best adapted to the changed environment have tended to survive and leave similarly adapted descendants, while those less perfectly adapted have tended to die out though lack of fitness for the environment, thus resulting in the <i>survival of the fittest</i>. See <er>Darwinism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Natural system</col> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a classification based upon real affinities, as shown in the structure of all parts of the organisms, and by their embryology.</cd>

<blockquote>It should be borne in mind that the <b>natural system</b> of botany is natural only in the constitution of its genera, tribes, orders, etc., and in its grand divisions.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

-- <mcol><col>Natural theology</col>, &or; <col>Natural religion</col></mcol>, <cd>that part of theological science which treats of those evidences of the existence and attributes of the Supreme Being which are exhibited in nature; -- distinguished from <i>revealed religion</i>.</cd> See Quotation under <er>Natural</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 3. -- <col>Natural vowel</col>, <cd>the vowel sound heard in <i>urn</i>, <i>furl</i>, <i>sir</i>, <i>her</i>, etc.; -- so called as being uttered in the easiest open position of the mouth organs. See <cref>Neutral vowel</cref>, under <er>Neutral</er> and <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect; 17.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Native</er>.</syn>

<h1>Natural</h1>
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<hw>Nat"u*ral</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native; an aboriginal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Natural gifts, impulses, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One born without the usual powers of reason or understanding; an idiot.</def> "The minds of <i>naturals</i>."

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A character [&natural;] used to contradict, or to remove the effect of, a sharp or flat which has preceded it, and to restore the unaltered note.</def>

<h1>Naturalism</h1>
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<hw>Nat"u*ral*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>naturalisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A state of nature; conformity to nature.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The doctrine of those who deny a supernatural agency in the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in spiritual influences; also, any system of philosophy which refers the phenomena of nature to a blind force or forces acting necessarily or according to fixed laws, excluding origination or direction by one intelligent will.</def>

<h1>Naturalist</h1>
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<hw>Nat"u*ral*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>naturaliste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One versed in natural science; a student of natural history, esp. of the natural history of animals.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who holds or maintains the doctrine of naturalism in religion.</def>

<i>H. Bushnell.</i>

<h1>Naturalistic</h1>
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<hw>Nat`u*ral*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to the doctrines of naturalism.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Closely resembling nature; realistic.</def> "<i>Naturalistic</i> bit of pantomime."

<i>W. D. Howells.</i>

<h1>Naturality</h1>
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<hw>Nat`u*ral"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>naturalitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>naturalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Nature; naturalness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Naturalization</h1>
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<hw>Nat`u*ral*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>naturalisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of naturalizing, esp. of investing an alien with the rights and privileges of a native or citizen; also, the state of being naturalized.</def>

<h1>Naturalize</h1>
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<hw>Nat"u*ral*ize</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Naturalized</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Naturalizing</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>naturaliser</ets>. See <er>Natural</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make natural; <as>as, custom <ex>naturalizes</ex> labor or study</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To confer the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen on; to make as if native; to adopt, as a foreigner into a nation or state, and place in the condition of a native subject.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To receive or adopt as native, natural, or vernacular; to make one's own; <as>as, to <ex>naturalize</ex> foreign words</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To adapt; to accustom; to habituate; to acclimate; to cause to grow as under natural conditions.</def>

<blockquote>Its wearer suggested that pears and peaches might yet be <b>naturalized</b> in the New England climate.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Naturalize</h1>
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<hw>Nat"u*ral*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become as if native.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To explain phenomena by natural agencies or laws, to the exclusion of the supernatural.</def>

<blockquote>Infected by this <b>naturalizing</b> tendency.
<i>H. Bushnell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Naturally</h1>
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<hw>Nat"u*ral*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a natural manner or way; according to the usual course of things; spontaneously.</def>

<h1>Naturalness</h1>
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<hw>Nat"u*ral*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being natural; conformity to nature.</def>

<h1>Nature</h1>
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<hw>Na"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>natura</ets>, fr. <ets>natus</ets> born, produced, p.p. of <ets>nasci</ets> to be born. See <er>Nation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The existing system of things; the world of matter, or of matter and mind; the creation; the universe.</def>

<blockquote>But looks through <b>nature</b> up to <b>nature's</b> God.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Nature</b> has caprices which art can not imitate.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The personified sum and order of causes and effects; the powers which produce existing phenomena, whether in the total or in detail; the agencies which carry on the processes of creation or of being; -- often conceived of as a single and separate entity, embodying the total of all finite agencies and forces as disconnected from a creating or ordering intelligence.</def>

<blockquote>I oft admire
How <b>Nature</b>, wise and frugal, could commit
Such disproportions.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The established or regular course of things; usual order of events; connection of cause and effect.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Conformity to that which is natural, as distinguished from that which is artifical, or forced, or remote from actual experience.</def>

<blockquote>One touch of <b>nature</b> makes the whole world kin.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The sum of qualities and attributes which make a person or thing what it is, as distinct from others; native character; inherent or essential qualities or attributes; peculiar constitution or quality of being.</def>

<blockquote>Thou, therefore, whom thou only canst redeem,
Their <b>nature</b> also to thy <b>nature</b> join,
And be thyself man among men on earth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Hence: Kind, sort; character; quality.</def>

<blockquote>A dispute of this <b>nature</b> caused mischief.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Physical constitution or existence; the vital powers; the natural life.</def> "My days of <i>nature</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Oppressed <b>nature</b> sleeps.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Natural affection or reverence.</def>

<blockquote>Have we not seen
The murdering son ascend his parent's bed,
Through violated <b>nature</b> foce his way?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Constitution or quality of mind or character.</def>

<blockquote>A born devil, on whose <b>nature</b>
Nurture can never stick.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That reverence which is due to a superior <b>nature</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Good nature</col>, <col>Ill nature</col></mcol>. <cd>see under <er>Good</er> and <er>Ill</er>.</cd> -- <col>In a state of nature</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Naked as when born; nude</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In a condition of sin; unregenerate</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>Untamed; uncvilized.</cd> -- <col>Nature printng</col>, <cd>a process of printing from metallic or other plates which have received an impression, as by heavy pressure, of an object such as a leaf, lace, or the like.</cd> -- <col>Nature worship</col>, <cd>the worship of the personified powers of nature.</cd> -- <col>To pay the debt of nature</col>, <cd>to die.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nature</h1>
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<hw>Na"ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To endow with natural qualities.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He [God] which <b>natureth</b> every kind.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Natured</h1>
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<hw>Na"tured</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having (such) a nature, temper, or disposition; disposed; -- used in composition; <as>as, good-<ex>natured</ex>, ill-<ex>natured</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Natureless</h1>
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<hw>Na"ture*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not in accordance with nature; unnatural.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Naturism</h1>
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<hw>Na"tur*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The belief or doctrine that attributes everything to nature as a sanative agent.</def>

<h1>Naturist</h1>
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<hw>Na"tur*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes in, or conforms to, the theory of naturism.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Naturity</h1>
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<hw>Na*tu"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being produced by nature.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Naturize</h1>
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<hw>Na"tur*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To endow with a nature or qualities; to refer to nature.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Naufrage</h1>
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<hw>Nau"frage</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>naufragium</ets>; <ets>navis</ets> + <ets>frangere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shipwreck; ruin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>acon.</i>

<h1>Naufragous</h1>
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<hw>Nau"fra*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>naufragus</ets>. See <er>Naufrage</er>.]</ety> <def>causing shipwreck.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>r. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Naught</h1>
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<hw>Naught</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>naught</ets>, <ets>nought</ets>, <ets>naht</ets>, <ets>nawiht</ets>, AS. <ets>n<?/wiht</ets>, <ets>n<?/uht</ets>, <ets>n<?/ht</ets>; <ets>ne</ets> not + <?/ ever + <ets>wiht</ets> thing, whit; hence, not ever a whit. See <er>No</er>, <tt>adv.</tt> <er>Whit</er>, and cf. <er>Aught</er>, <er>Not</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Nothing.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>nought</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Doth Job fear God for <b>naught</b>?
<i>Job i. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The arithmetical character 0; a cipher. See <er>Cipher</er>.</def>

<cs><col>To set at naught</col>, <cd>to treat as of no account; to disregard; to despise; to defy; to treat with ignominy. "Ye have <i>set at naught<i> all my counsel."</cd></cs>

<i>Prov. i. 25.</i>

<h1>Naught</h1>
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<hw>Naught</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In no degree; not at all.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>To wealth or sovereign power he <b>naught</b> applied.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Naught</h1>
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<hw>Naught</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of no value or account; worthless; bad; useless.</def>

<blockquote>It is <b>naught</b>, it is <b>naught</b>, saith the buyer.
<i>Prov. xx. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Go, get you to your house; begone, away!
All will be <b>naught</b> else.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Things <b>naught</b> and things indifferent.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, vile; base; naughty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>No man can be stark <b>naught</b> at once.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Naughtily</h1>
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<hw>Naugh"ti*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a naughty manner; wickedly; perversely.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Naughtiness</h1>
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<hw>Naugh"ti*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being naughty; perverseness; badness; wickedness.</def>

<blockquote>I know thy pride, and the <b>naughtiness</b> of thine heart.
<i>1 Sam. xvii. 28.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Naughtly</h1>
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<hw>Naught"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Naughtily; wrongly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>because my parents <b>naughtly</b> brought me up.
<i>Mir. for Mag.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Naughty</h1>
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<hw>Naugh"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Naughtier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Naughtiest</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having little or nothing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>[Men] that needy be and <b>naughty</b>, help them with thy goods.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Worthless; bad; good for nothing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The other basket had very <b>naughty</b> figs.
<i>Jer. xxiv. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>hence, corrupt; wicked.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>So shines a good deed in a <b>naughty</b> world.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Mischievous; perverse; froward; guilty of disobedient or improper conduct; <as>as, a <ex>naughty</ex> child</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; This word is now seldom used except in the latter sense, as applied to children, or in sportive censure.</note>

<h1>Naumachy</h1>
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<hw>Nau"ma*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>naumachia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ ship + <?/ fight, battle, <?/ to fight.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A naval battle; esp., a mock sea fight.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A show or spectacle representing a sea fight; also, a place for such exhibitions.</def>

<h1>Nauplius</h1>
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<hw>Nau"pli*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nauplii</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a kind of shellfish, fr. Gr. <?/ ship + <?/ to sail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A crustacean larva having three pairs of locomotive organs (corresponding to the antennules, antenn\'91, and mandibles), a median eye, and little or no segmentation of the body.</def>

<h1>Nauropometer</h1>
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<hw>Nau`ro*pom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ship + <?/ inclination + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the amount which a ship heels at sea.</def>

<h1>Nauscopy</h1>
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<hw>Naus"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ship + <ets>-scopy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>nauscopie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The power or act of discovering ships or land at considerable distances.</def>

<h1>Nausea</h1>
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<hw>Nau"se*a</hw> <tt>(? or <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ ship. See <er>Nave</er> of a church, and cf. <er>Noise</er>.]</ety> <def>Seasickness; hence, any similar sickness of the stomach accompanied with a propensity to vomit; qualm; squeamishness of the stomach; loathing.</def>

<h1>Nauseant</h1>
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<hw>Nau"se*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nauseans</ets>, p.pr. Of <ets>nauseare</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A substance which produces nausea.</def>
<-- emetic -->

<h1>Nauseate</h1>
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<hw>Nau"se*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nauseated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nauseating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>nauseare</ets>, <ets>nauseatum</ets>, fr. <ets>nausea</ets>. See <er>Nausea</er>.]</ety> <def>To become squeamish; to feel nausea; to turn away with disgust.</def>

<h1>Nauseate</h1>
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<hw>Nau"se*ate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To affect with nausea; to sicken; to cause to feel loathing or disgust.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sicken at; to reject with disgust; to loathe.</def>

<blockquote>The patient <b>nauseates</b> and loathes wholesome foods.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nauseation</h1>
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<hw>Nau`se*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of nauseating, or the state of being nauseated.</def>

<h1>Nauseative</h1>
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<hw>Nau"se*a*tive</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing nausea; nauseous.</def>

<h1>Nauseous</h1>
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<hw>Nau"seous</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nauseosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing, or fitted to cause, nausea; sickening; loathsome; disgusting; exciting abhorrence; <as>as, a <ex>nauseous</ex> drug or medicine</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Nau"seous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Nau"seous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>The <b>nauseousness</b> of such company disgusts a reasonable man.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nautch</h1>
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<hw>Nautch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>n\'bech</ets>, fr. Skr. <ets>n<?/tya</ets> dance.]</ety> <def>An entertainment consisting chiefly of dancing by professional dancing (or Nautch) girls.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Nautic</h1>
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<hw>Nau"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Nautical</er>.]</ety> <def>Nautical.</def>

<h1>Nautical</h1>
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<hw>Nau"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nauticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a seaman, sailor, fr. <?/ ship: cf. F. <ets>nautique</ets>. See <er>Nave</er> of a church.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to seamen, to the art of navigation, or to ships; <as>as, <ex>nautical</ex> skill</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Naval; marine; maritime. See <er>Naval</er>.</syn>

<cs><col>Nautical almanac</col>. <cd>See under <er>Almanac</er>.</cd> -- <col>Nautical distance</col>, <cd>the length in nautical miles of the rhumb line joining any two places on the earth's surface. -- <wordforms><wf>nautical mile</wf>. see under <er>Mile</er>.</cd></cs></wordforms>

<h1>Nautically</h1>
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<hw>Nau"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a nautical manner; with reference to nautical affais.</def>

<h1>Nautiform</h1>
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<hw>Nau"ti*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ship + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like the hull of a ship.</def>

<h1>Nautilite</h1>
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<hw>Nau"ti*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil nautilus.</def>

<h1>Nautiloid</h1>
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<hw>Nau"ti*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nautilus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>nautilo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the nautilus; shaped like a nautilus shell.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A mollusk, or shell, of the genus Nautilus or family <spn>Nautilid\'91</spn>.</def></def2>

<h1>Nautilus</h1>
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<hw>Nau"ti*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Nautiluses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Nautili</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. gr. <?/ a seaman, sailor, a kind of shellfish which was supposed to be furnished with a membrane which served as a sail; fr. <?/ ship. See <er>Nave</er> of a church.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The only existing genus of tetrabranchiate cephalopods. About four species are found living in the tropical Pacific, but many other species are found fossil.  The shell is spiral, symmetrical, and chambered, or divided into several cavities by simple curved partitions, which are traversed and connected together by a continuous and nearly central tube or siphuncle. See <er>Tetrabranchiata</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The head of the animal bears numerous simple tapered arms, or tentacles, arranged in groups, but not furnished with suckers. The siphon, unlike, that of ordinary cephalopods, is not a closed tube, and is not used as a locomotive organ, but merely serves to conduct water to and from the gill cavity, which contains two pairs of gills. The animal occupies only the outer chamber of the shell; the others are filled with gas. It creeps over the bottom of the sea, not coming to the surface to swim or sail, as was formerly imagined.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The argonaut; -- also called <altname>paper nautilus</altname>. See <er>Argonauta</er>, and <cref>Paper nautilus</cref>, under <er>Paper</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A variety of diving bell, the lateral as well as vertical motions of which are controlled, by the occupants.</def>

<h1>Navajoes</h1>
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<hw>Na"va*joes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Navajo</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians inhabiting New Mexico and Arizona, allied to the Apaches. They are now largely engaged in agriculture.</def>

<h1>Naval</h1>
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<hw>Na"val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>navalis</ets>, fr. <ets>navis</ets> ship: cf. F. <ets>naval</ets>. See <er>Nave</er> of a church.]</ety> <def>Having to do with shipping; of or pertaining to ships or a navy; consisting of ships; <as>as, <ex>naval</ex> forces, successes, stores, etc.</as></def>

<hr>
<page="966">
Page 966<p>

<cs><col>Naval brigade</col>, <cd>a body of seamen or marines organized for military service on land.</cd> -- <col>Naval officer</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An officer in the navy</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A high officer in some United States customhouses.</cd> -- <col>Naval tactics</col>, <cd>the science of managing or maneuvering vessels sailing in squadrons or fleets.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Nautical; marine; maritime.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Naval</er>, <er>Nautical</er>. <i>Naval</i> is applied to vessels, or a navy, or the things which pertain to them or in which they participate; <i>nautical</i>, to seamen and the art of navigation. Hence we speak of a <i>naval</i>, as opposed to a <i>military</i>, engagement; <i>naval</i> equipments or stores, a <i>naval</i> triumph, a <i>naval</i> officer, etc., and of <i>nautical</i> pursuits or instruction, <i>nautical calculations</i>, <i>a nautical</i> almanac, etc.</usage>

<h1>Navals</h1>
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<hw>Na"vals</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <def>Naval affairs.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Navarch</h1>
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<hw>Na"varch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>navarchus</ets>, gr. <?/; <?/ ship + <?/ chief.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The commander of a fleet.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Navarchy</h1>
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<hw>Na"varch*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Nautical skill or experience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>ir W. Petty.</i>

<h1>Navarrese</h1>
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<hw>Na`var*rese"</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Navarre.</def> -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Navarre; the people of Navarre.</def></def2>

<h1>Nave</h1>
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<hw>Nave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>nafu</ets>; akin to D. <ets>naaf</ets>, G. <ets>nabe</ets>, OHG. <ets>naba</ets>, Icel. <ets>n\'94f</ets>, Dan. <ets>nav</ets>, Sw. <ets>naf</ets>, Skr. n\'bebhi nave and navel: cf. L. <ets>umbo</ets> boss of a shield. \'fb260. Cf. <er>Navel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The block in the center of a wheel, from which the spokes radiate, and through which the axle passes; -- called also <altname>hub</altname> or <altname>hob</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The navel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>hak.</i>

<h1>Nave</h1>
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<hw>Nave</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>nef</ets>, fr. L. <ets>navis</ets> ship, to which the church was often likened; akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. n\'beus, and perh. to AS. <ets>naca</ets> boat, G. <ets>nachen</ets>, Icel. <ets>n\'94kkvi</ets>; cf. L. <ets>nare</ets> to swim, float. Cf. <er>Nausea</er>, <er>Nautical</er>, <er>Naval</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The middle or body of a church, extending from the transepts to the principal entrances, or, if there are no transepts, from the choir to the principal entrance, but not including the aisles.</def>

<h1>Navel</h1>
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<hw>Na"vel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>nafela</ets>, fr. <ets>nafu</ets> nave; akin to D. <ets>navel</ets>, G. <ets>nabel</ets>, OHG. <ets>nabolo</ets>, Icel. <ets>nafli</ets>, Dan. <ets>navle</ets>, Sw. <ets>nafle</ets>, L. <ets>umbilicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>n<?/bh\'c6la</ets>. \'fb260. See <er>Nave</er> hub, and cf. <er>Omphalic</er>, <er>Nombril</er>, <er>Umbilical</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A mark or depression in the middle of the abdomen; the umbilicus. See <er>Umbilicus</er>.</def><-- called also <it>belly button</it> in humans -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The central part or point of anything; the middle.</def>

<blockquote>Within the <b>navel</b> of this hideous wood,
Immured in cypress shades, a sorcerer dwells.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>An eye on the under side of a carronade for securing it to a carriage.</def>

<cs><col>Navel gall</col>, <cd>a bruise on the top of the chine of the back of a horse, behind the saddle.</cd> <i>Johnson.</i> -- <col>Navel point</col>. <fld>(Her.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Nombril</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Navel-string</h1>
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<hw>Na"vel-string`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The umbilical cord.</def>

<h1>Navelwort</h1>
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<hw>Na"vel*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A European perennial succulent herb (<spn>Cotyledon umbilicus</spn>), having round, peltate leaves with a central depression; -- also called <altname>pennywort</altname>, and <altname>kidneywort</altname>.</def>

<h1>Navew</h1>
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<hw>Na"vew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>navel</ets>, <ets>naveau</ets>, a dim. fr. L. <ets>napus</ets> navew. Cf. <er>Napiform</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of small turnip, a variety of <spn>Brassica campestris</spn>. See <er>Brassica</er>.</def> <altsp>[Writen also <asp>naphew</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Navicular</h1>
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<hw>Na*vic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>navicularius</ets>, fr. <ets>navicula</ets>, dim. of <ets>navis</ets> ship: cf. F. <ets>naviculaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a boat or ship.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Shaped like a boat; cymbiform; scaphoid; <as>as, the <ex>navicular</ex> glumes of most grasses; the <ex>navicular</ex> bone.</as></def>

<cs><col>Navicular bone</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>One of the middle bones of the tarsus, corresponding to the centrale</cd>; -- called also <altname>scaphoid</altname>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A proximal bone on the radial side of the carpus; the scaphoid.</cd> -- <col>Navicular disease</col> <fld>(Far.)</fld>, <cd>a disease affecting the navicular bone, or the adjacent parts, in a horse's foot.</cd></cs>

<h1>Navicular</h1>
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<hw>Na*vic"u*lar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The navicular bone.</def>

<h1>Navigability</h1>
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<hw>Nav`i*ga*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>navigabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or condition of being navigable; navigableness.</def>

<h1>Navigable</h1>
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<hw>Nav"i*ga*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>navigabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>navigable</ets>. See <er>Navigate</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being navigated; deep enough and wide enough to afford passage to vessels; <as>as, a <ex>navigable</ex> river</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; By the comon law, a river is considered as navigable only so far as the tide ebbs and flows in it. This is also the doctrine in several of the United tates. In other States, the doctrine of thje civil law prevails, which is, that a navigable river is a river capable of being navigated, in the common sense of the term.</note>

<i>Kent. Burrill.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Nav"i*ga*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Nav"i*ga*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Navigate</h1>
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<hw>Nav"i*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Navigated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Navigating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>navigatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>navigare</ets>, v.t. & i.; <ets>navis</ets> ship + <ets>agere</ets> to move, direct. See <er>Nave</er>, and <er>Agent</er>.]</ety> <def>To joirney by water; to go in a vessel or ship; to perform the duties of a navigator; to use the waters as a highway or channel for commerce or communication; to sail.</def>

<blockquote>The Phenicians <b>navigated</b> to the extremities of the Western Ocean.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Navigate</h1>
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<hw>Nav"i*gate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pass over in ships; to sail over or on; <as>as, to <ex>navigate</ex> the Atlantic</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To steer, direct, or manage in sailing; to conduct (ships) upon the water by the art or skill of seamen; <as>as, to <ex>navigate</ex> a ship</as>.</def>

<h1>Navigation</h1>
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<hw>Nav`i*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>navigatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>navigation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of navigating; the act of passing on water in ships or other vessels; the state of being navigable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>the science or art of conducting ships or vessels from one place to another, including, more especially, the method of determining a ship's position, course, distance passed over, etc., on the surface of the globe, by the principles of geometry and astronomy.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The management of sails, rudder, etc.; the mechanics of traveling by water; seamanship.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Ships in general.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>A\'89rial navigation</col>, <cd>the act or art of sailing or floating in the air, as by means of ballons; a\'89ronautic.</cd><-- now aviation --> -- <mcol><col>Inland navigation</col>, <col>Internal navigation</col></mcol>, <cd>navigation on rivers, inland lakes, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Navigator</h1>
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<hw>Nav"i*ga`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who navigates or sails; esp., one who direct the course of a ship, or one who is skillful in the art of navigation; also, a book which teaches the art of navigation; <as>as, Bowditch's <ex>Navigator</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Navigerous</h1>
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<hw>Na*vig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>naviger</ets>; <ets>navis</ets> ship + <ets>gerere</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Bearing ships; capable of floating vessels.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Navvy</h1>
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<hw>Nav"vy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Navies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Abbreviated fr. <ets>navigator</ets>.]</ety> <def>Originally, a laborer on canals for internal navigation; hence, a laborer on other public works, as in building railroads, embankments, etc.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Navy</h1>
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<hw>Na"vy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Navies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[ OF. <ets>navie</ets>, fr. L. <ets>navis</ets> ship. See <er>Nave</er> of a church.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fleet of ships; an assemblage of merchantmen, or so many as sail in company.</def> "The <i>navy</i> also of Hiram, that brought gold from Ophir."

<i>1 kings x. 11.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The whole of the war vessels belonging to a nation or ruler, considered collectively; <as>as, the <ex>navy</ex> of Italy</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The officers and men attached to the war vessels of a nation; <as>as, he belongs to the <ex>navy</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Navy bean</col>. <cd>see <er>Bean</er>.</cd> -- <col>Navy yard</col>, <cd>a place set apart as a shore station for the use of the navy. It often contains all the mechanical and other appliences for building and equipping war vessels and training their crews.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nawab</h1>
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<hw>Na*wab"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Nabob</er>.]</ety> <def>A deputy ruler or viceroy in India; also, a title given by courtesy to other persons of high rank in the East.</def>

<h1>Nawl</h1>
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<hw>Nawl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Nall</er>.]</ety> <def>An awl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>usser.</i>

<h1>Nay</h1>
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<hw>Nay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>nei</ets>; akin to E. <ets>no</ets>. See <er>No</er>, <tt>adv.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>No; -- a negative answer to a question asked, or a request made, now superseded by <i>no</i>. See <er>Yes</er>.</def>

<blockquote>And eke when I say "ye," ne say not "<b>nay</b>."
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I tell you <b>nay</b>; but except ye repent, ye shall all likewisr perish.
<i>Luke xiii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And now do they thrust us out privily? <b>nay</b>, verily; but let them come themselves and fetch us out.
<i>Acts xvi. 37.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He that will not when he may,
When he would he shall have <b>nay</b>.
<i>Old Prov.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Before the time of Henry VIII. <i>nay</i> was used to answer simple questions, and <i>no</i> was used when the form of the question involved a negative expression; <i>nay</i> was the simple form, <i>no</i> the emphatic.</note>

<i>Skeat.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not this merely, but also; not only so, but; -- used to mark the addition or substitution of a more explicit or more emphatic phrase.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Nay</i> in this sense may be interchanged with <i>yea</i>. "Were he my brother, <i>nay</i>, my kingdom's heir."</note>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Nay</h1>
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<hw>Nay</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nays</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Denial; refusal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>a negative vote; one who votes in the negative.</def>

<cs><col>It is no nay</col>, <cd>there is no denying it. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>haucer.</i>

<h1>Nay</h1>
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<hw>Nay</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To refuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Nayaur</h1>
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<hw>Na*yaur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A specied of wild sheep (<spn>Ovis Hodgsonii</spn>), native of Nepaul and Thibet. It has a dorsal mane and a white ruff beneath the neck.</def>

<h1>Nayt</h1>
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<hw>Nayt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>neita</ets>.]</ety> <def>To refuse; to deny.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "He shall not <i>nayt</i> ne deny his sin."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nayward</h1>
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<hw>Nay"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The negative side.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Howe'er you lean to the <b>nayward</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nayword</h1>
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<hw>Nay"word`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A byword; a proverb; also, a watchword.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>hak.</i>

<h1>Nazarene</h1>
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<hw>Naz`a*rene"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Nazarenus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ Nazareth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of Nazareth; -- a term of contempt applied to Christ and the early Christians.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of Judaizing Christians in the first and second centuries, who observed the laws of Moses, and held to certain heresies.</def>

<h1>Nazarite</h1>
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<hw>Naz"a*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Jew bound by a vow to lave the hair uncut, to abstain from wine and strong drink, and to practice extraordinary purity of life and devotion, the obligation being for life, or for a certain time. The word is also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Nazariteship</h1>
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<hw>Naz"a*rite*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of a Nazarite.</def>

<h1>Nazaritic</h1>
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<hw>Naz`a*rit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a Nazarite, or to Nazarites.</def>

<h1>Nazaritism</h1>
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<hw>Naz"a*ri*tism</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The vow and practice of a Nazarite.</def>

<h1>Naze</h1>
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<hw>Naze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ness</er>.]</ety> <def>A promotory or headland.</def>

<h1>Nazirite</h1>
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<hw>Naz"i*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Nazarite.</def>

<h1>Ne</h1>
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<hw>Ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ne</ets>. See <er>No</er>.]</ety> <def>Not; never.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He never yet no villany <b>ne</b> said.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Ne</i> was formerly used as the universal adverb of negation, and survives in certain compounds, as <i>n</i>ever (= <i>ne</i> ever) and <i>n</i>one (= <i>ne</i> one). Other combinations, now obsolete, will be found in the Vocabulary, as <i>nad</i>, <i>nam</i>, <i>nil</i>. See <er>Negative</er>, 2.</note>

<h1>Ne</h1>
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<hw>Ne</hw>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ne</er>, <tt>adv.</tt>]</ety> <def>Nor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>No niggard <b>ne</b> no fool.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ne</col> . . . <col>ne</col></mcol>, <cd>neither . . . nor. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Neaf</h1>
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<hw>Neaf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 2d <er>Neif</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Neal</h1>
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<hw>Neal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To anneal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Neal</h1>
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<hw>Neal</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be tempered by heat.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Neap</h1>
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<hw>Neap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Neb</er>, <er>Nape</er>.]</ety> <def>The tongue or pole of a cart or other vehicle drawn by two animals.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Neap</h1>
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<hw>Neap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[As. <ets>n&emac;p</ets>fl&omac;d neap flood; cf. <ets>hnipian</ets> to bend, incline.]</ety> <def>Low.</def>

<cs><col>Neap tides</col>, <cd>the lowest tides of the lunar month, which occur in the second and fourth quarters of the moon; -- opposed to <i>spring tides<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Neap</h1>
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<hw>Neap</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A neap tide.</def>

<blockquote>High springs and dead <b>neaps</b>.
<i>Harkwill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Neaped</h1>
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<hw>Neaped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Left aground on the height of a spring tide, so that it will not float till the next spring tide; -- called also <altname>beneaped</altname>.</def>

<h1>Neapolitan</h1>
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<hw>Ne`a*pol"i*tan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Neapolitanus</ets>, fr. <ets>Neapolis</ets> Naples, Gr. <?/, lit., New town.]</ety> <def>Of of pertaining to Maples in Italy.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or citizen of Naples.</def></def2>

<h1>Near</h1>
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<hw>Near</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ne\'a0r</ets>, compar. of <ets>ne\'a0h</ets> nigh. See <er>Nigh</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At a little distance, in place, time, manner, or degree; not remote; nigh.</def>

<blockquote>My wife! my traitress! let her not come <b>near</b> me.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Nearly; almost; well-nigh.</def> "<i>Near</i> twenty years ago." <i>Shak.</i> "<i>Near</i> a fortnight ago." <rj><i>Addison.</i></rj>

<blockquote><b>Near</b> about the yearly value of the land.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Closely; intimately.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Far and near</col>, <cd>at a distance and close by; throughout a whole region.</cd> -- <col>To come near to</col>, <cd>to want but little of; to approximate to. "Such a sum he found would <i>go near to<i> ruin him."</cd>

<i>Addison.</i>

-- <col>Near the wind</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>close to the wind; closehauled.</cd></cs>

<h1>Near</h1>
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<hw>Near</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Nearer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Nearest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Near</er>, <tt>adv.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not far distant in time, place, or degree; not remote; close at hand; adjacent; neighboring; nigh.</def> "As one <i>near</i> death."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He served great Hector, and was ever <b>near</b>,
Not with his trumpet only, but his spear.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Closely connected or related.</def>

<blockquote>She is thy father's <b>near</b> kinswoman.
<i>Lev. xviii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Close to one's interests, affection, etc.; touching, or affecting intimately; intimate; dear; <as>as, a <ex>near</ex> friend</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Close to anything followed or imitated; not free, loose, or rambling; <as>as, a version <ex>near</ex> to the original</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>So as barely to avoid or pass injury or loss; close; narrow; <as>as, a <ex>near</ex> escape</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Next to the driver, when he is on foot; in the Unted States, on the left of an animal or a team; <as>as, the <ex>near</ex> ox; the <ex>near</ex> leg</as>. See <cref>Off side</cref>, under <er>Off</er>, <tt>a</tt>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Immediate; direct; close; short.</def> "The <i>nearest</i> way."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Close-fisted; parsimonious.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Low, Eng.]</mark>

<note>&hand; <i>Near</i> may properly be followed by <i>to</i> before the thing approached'; but more frequently <i>to</i> is omitted, and the adjective or the adverb is regarded as a preposition. The same is also true of the word <i>nigh</i>.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Nigh; close; adjacent; proximate; contiguous; present; ready; intimate; dear.</syn>

<h1>Near</h1>
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<hw>Near</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Adjacent to; close by; not far from; nigh; <as>as, the ship sailed <ex>near</ex> the land</as>. See the Note under <er>near</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Near</h1>
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<hw>Near</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Neared</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt> <er>Nearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Near</er>, <tt>adv.</tt>]</ety> <def>To approach; to come nearer; <as>as, the ship <ex>neared</ex> the land</as>.</def>

<h1>Near</h1>
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<hw>Near</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To draw near; to approach.</def>

<blockquote>A speck, a mist, a shape, I wist!
And still it <b>neared</b>, and <b>neared</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nearctic</h1>
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<hw>Ne*arc"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neo</ets> + <ets>arctic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a region of the earth's surface including all of temperate and arctic North America and Greenland. In the geographical distribution of animals, this region is marked off as the habitat certain species.</def>

<h1>Nearhand</h1>
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<hw>Near"hand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Near; near at hand; closely.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Near-legged</h1>
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<hw>Near"-legged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the feet so near together that they interfere in traveling.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Nearly</h1>
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<hw>Near"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a near manner; not remotely; closely; intimately; almost.</def>

<h1>Nearness</h1>
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<hw>Near"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being near; -- used in the various senses of the adjective.</def>

<h1>Nearsighted, a. <def>Seeing distinctly at short distances only; shortsighted.</def> -- <defwf>Nearsightedness</h1>
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<hw>Near"sight`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Seeing distinctly at short distances only; shortsighted.</def> -- <defwf><hw>Near"sight`ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Myopic</er>, and <er>Myopia</er>.</def></defwf>
<-- neither def2 nor wordforms -->

<h1>Neat</h1>
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<hw>Neat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ne\'a0t</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>n<?/z</ets>, Icel. <ets>naut</ets>, Sw. <ets>n\'94t</ets>, Dan. <ets>n\'94d</ets>, and to AS. <ets>ne\'a2tan</ets> to make use of, G. <ets>geniessen</ets>, Goth. <ets>niutan</ets> to have a share in, have joy of, Lith. <ets>nauda</ets> use, profit.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Cattle of the genus <spn>Bos</spn>, as distinguished from horses, sheep, and goats; an animal of the genus <spn>Bos</spn>; <as>as, a <ex>neat's</ex> tongue; a <ex>neat's</ex> foot.</as></def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Wherein the herds[men] were keeping of their <b>neat</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The steer, the heifer, and the calf
Are all called <b>neat</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>neat</b> and a sheep of his own.
<i>Tusser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Neat's-foot</col>, <cd>an oil obtained by boiling the feet of neat cattle. It is used to render leather soft and pliable.</cd></cs>

<h1>Neat</h1>
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<hw>Neat</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>neat</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the genus <spn>Bos</spn>, or to cattle of that genus; <as>as, <ex>neat</ex> cattle</as>.</def>

<h1>Neat</h1>
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<hw>Neat</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Neater</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Neatest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>nett</ets>, F. <ets>nett</ets>, fr. L. <ets>nitidus</ets>, fr. <ets>nitere</ets> to shine. Cf. <er>Nitid</er>, <er>Net</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Natty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Free from that which soils, defiles, or disorders; clean; cleanly; tidy.</def>

<blockquote>If you were to see her, you would wonder what poor body it was that was so surprisingly <b>neat</b> and clean.
<i>Law.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free from what is unbecoming, inappropriate, or tawdry; simple and becoming; pleasing with simplicity; tasteful; chaste; <as>as, a <ex>neat</ex> style; a <ex>neat</ex> dress.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Free from admixture or adulteration; good of its kind; <as>as, <ex>neat</ex> brandy</as>.</def> "Our old wine <i>neat</i>."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Excellent in character, skill, or performance, etc.; nice; finished; adroit; <as>as, a <ex>neat</ex> design; a <ex>neat</ex> thief.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>With all deductions or allowances made; net. <note>[In this sense usually written <asp>net</asp>. See <er>Net</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 3.]</note></def>

<cs><col>neat line</col> <fld>(Civil Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a line to which work is to be built or formed.</cd> -- <col>Neat work</col>, <cd>work built or formed to neat lines.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Nice; pure; cleanly; tidy; trim; spruce.</syn>

<h1>'Neath</h1>
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<hw>'Neath</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>prep. & adv.</tt> <def>An abbreviation of <er>Beneath</er>.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<h1>Neatherd</h1>
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<hw>Neat"herd`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who has the care of neat cattle; a cowherd.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Neathouse</h1>
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<hw>Neat"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A building for the shelter of neat cattle.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Neatify</h1>
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<hw>Neat"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neat</ets>, a. + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make neat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>olland.</i>

<h1>Neatly</h1>
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<hw>Neat"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a neat manner; tidily; tastefully.</def>

<h1>neatness</h1>
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<hw>neat"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being neat.</def>

<h1>Neatress</h1>
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<hw>Neat"ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>neat</ets> cattle.]</ety> <def>A woman who takes care of cattle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Warner.</i>

<h1>Neb</h1>
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<hw>Neb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>nebb</ets> head, face; akin to D. <ets>neb</ets>, Icel. <ets>nef</ets>, beak of a bird, nose, Dan. <ets>n\'91b</ets> beak, bill, Sw. <ets>n\'84bb</ets>, <ets>n\'84f</ets>, and prob. also to D. <ets>sneb</ets>, <ets>snavel</ets>, bill, beak, G. <ets>schnabel</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>snabel</ets>, and E. <ets>snap</ets>. Cf. <er>Nib</er>, <er>Snap</er>, <er>Snaffle</er>.]</ety> <def>The nose; the snout; the mouth; the beak of a bird; a nib, as of a pen.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>nib</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Shak.</i>

<hr>
<page="967">
Page 967<p>

<h1>Nebalia</h1>
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<hw>Ne*ba"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., of uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small marine Crustacea, considered the type of a distinct order (<spn>Nebaloidea</spn>, or <spn>Phyllocarida</spn>.)</def>

<h1>Neb-neb</h1>
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<hw>Neb"-neb`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Bablh</er>.</def>

<h1>Nebula</h1>
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<hw>Neb"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nebul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., mist, cloud; akin to Gr. <?/, <?/, cloud, mist, G. <ets>nebel</ets> mist, OHG. <ets>nebul</ets>, D. <ets>nevel</ets>, Skr. <ets>nabhas</ets> cloud, mist. Cf. <er>Nebule</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A faint, cloudlike, self-luminous mass of matter situated beyond the solar system among the stars. True nebul\'91 are gaseous; but very distant star clusters often appear like them in the telescope.</def>
<-- also applied now to galaxies -->

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A white spot or a slight opacity of the cornea.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A cloudy appearance in the urine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nebular</h1>
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<hw>Neb"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to nebul\'91; of the nature of, or resembling, a nebula.</def>

<cs><col>Nebular hypothesis</col>, <cd>an hypothesis to explain the process of formation of the stars and planets, presented in various forms by Kant, Herschel, Laplace, and others. As formed by Laplace, it supposed the matter of the solar system to have existed originally in the form of a vast, diffused, revolving nebula, which, gradually cooling and contracting, threw off, in obedience to mechanical and physical laws, succesive rings of matter, from which subsequently, by the same laws, were produced the several planets, satellites, and other bodies of the system. The phrase may indicate any hypothesis according to which the stars or the bodies of the solar system have been evolved from a widely diffused nebulous form of matter.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nebulated</h1>
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<hw>Neb"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Clouded with indistinct color markings, as an animal.</def>

<h1>nebulation</h1>
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<hw>neb`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being nebulated; also, a clouded, or ill-defined, color mark.</def>

<h1>Nebule</h1>
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<hw>Neb"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>n\'82bule</ets>. See <er>nebula</er>.]</ety> <def>A little cloud; a cloud.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>O light without <b>nebule</b>.
<i>Old Ballad.</i></blockquote>

<h1>N\'82bul\'82, Nebuly</h1>
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<hw><hw>N\'82`bu`l\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Neb"u*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>n\'82bul\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Composed of successive short curves supposed to resemble a cloud; -- said of a heraldic line by which an ordinary or subordinary may be bounded.</def>

<h1>Nebulization</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Neb`u*li*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act or process of nebulizing; atomization.</def>

<h1>Nebulize</h1>
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<hw>Neb"u*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Nebula</er>.]</ety> <def>To reduce (as a liquid) to a fine spray or vapor; to atomize.</def>

<h1>Nebulizer</h1>
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<hw>Neb"u*li`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An atomizer.</def>

<h1>Nebulose</h1>
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<hw>Neb"u*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Nebulous; cloudy.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Nebulosity</h1>
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<hw>Neb`u*los"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. nebulositas: cf. F. <ets>n\'82bulosit\'82</ets>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being nebulous; cloudiness; hazeness; mistiness; nebulousness.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>nebulosity</b> ... of the mother idiom.
<i>I. Disraeli.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The stuff of which a nebula is formed.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A nebula.</def>

<h1>Nebulous</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Neb"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nebulosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>n\'82buleux</ets>. See <er>Nebula</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cloudy; hazy; misty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or having the appearance of, a nebula; nebular; cloudlike.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Neb"u*lous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Neb"u*lous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Nebuly</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Neb"u*ly</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Her. & Arch.)</fld> <def>A line or a direction composed of successive short curves or waves supposed to resembe a cloud. See <er>N\'90bul\'90</er></def>

<h1>Necessarian</h1>
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<hw>Nec`es*sa"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>n\'82cessarien</ets>. See <er>Mecessary</er>.]</ety> <def>An advocate of the doctrine of philosophical necessity; a nacessitarian.</def>

<h1>Necessarian</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Nec`es*sa"ri*an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to necessarianism.</def>

<h1>Necessarianism</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Nec`es*sa"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine of philosophical necessity; necessitarianism.</def>

<i>Hixley.</i>

<h1>Necessarily</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Nec"es*sa*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a necessary manner; by necessity; unavoidably; indispensably.</def>

<h1>Necessariness</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Nec"es*sa*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being necessary.</def>

<h1>Necessary</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Nec"es*sa*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>necessarius</ets>, from <ets>necesse</ets> unavoidable, necessary; of uncertain origin: cf. F. <ets>n\'82cessaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Such as must be; impossible to be otherwise; not to be avoided; inevitable.</def>

<blockquote>Death, a <b>necessary</b> end,
Will come when it will come.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Impossible to be otherwise, or to be dispensed with, without preventing the attainment of a desired result; indispensable; requiste; essential.</def> "'T is <i>necessary</i> he should die."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>A certain kind of temper is <b>necessary</b> to the pleasure and quiet of our minds.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Acting from necessity or compulsion; involuntary; -- opposed to <i>free</i>; <as>as, whether man is a <ex>necessary</ex> or a free agent is a question much discussed</as>.</def>

<h1>Necessary</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Nec"es*sa*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Necessaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thing that is necessary or indispensable to some purpose; something that one can not do without; a requisite; an essential; -- used chiefly in the plural; <as>as, the <ex>necessaries</ex> of life</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A privy; a water-closet.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Such things, in respect to infants, lunatics, and married women, as are requisite for support suitable to station.</def>

<h1>Necessitarian</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the doctrine of philosophical necessity in regard to the origin and existence of things, especially as applied to the actings or choices of the will; -- opposed to <i>libertarian</i>.</def>

<h1>Necessitarian</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who holds to the doctrine of necessitarianism.</def>

<h1>Necessitarianism</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Ne*ces`si*ta"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine of philosophical necessity; the doctrine that results follow by invariable sequence from causes, and esp. that the will is not free, but that human actions and choices result inevitably from motives; deteminism.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Necessitate</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Ne*ces"si*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Necessitated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Necessitating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>necessitatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>necessitare</ets>, and F. <ets>n\'82cessiter</ets>. See <er>Necessity</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make necessary or indispensable; to render unaviolable.</def>

<blockquote>Sickness [might] <b>necessitate</b> his removal from the court.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This fact <b>necessitates</b> a second line.
<i>J. Peile.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reduce to the necessity of; to force; to compel.</def>

<blockquote>The Marquis of Newcastle, being pressed on both sides, was <b>necessitated</b> to draw all his army into York.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Necessitattion</h1>
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<hw>Ne*ces`si*tat"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>n\'82cessitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of making necessary, or the state of being made necessary; compulsion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>bp. Bramhall.</i>

<h1>Necessitied</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Ne*ces"si*tied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>In a state of want; necessitous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Necessitous</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Ne*ces"si*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>n\'82cessiteux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Very needy or indigent; pressed with poverty.</def>

<blockquote><b>Necessitous</b> heirs and penurious parents.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Narrow; destitute; pinching; pinched; <as>as, <ex>necessitous</ex> circumstances</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ne*ces"si*tous*ly</wf>, adv. -- <wf>Ne*ces"si*tous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Necessitude</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Ne*ces"si*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>necessitudo</ets>, fr. necesse. See <er>Necessray</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Necessitousness; want.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Necessary connection or relation.</def>

<blockquote>Between kings and their people, parents and their children, there is so great a <b>necessitude</b>, propriety, and intercourse of nature.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Necessity</h1>
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<hw>Ne*ces"si*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Necessities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>necessite</ets>, F. <ets>n\'82cessit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>necessitas</ets>, fr. <ets>necesse</ets>. See <er>Necessary</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being necessary, unavoidable, or absolutely requisite; inevitableness; indispensableness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The condition of being needy or necessitous; pressing need; indigence; want.</def>

<blockquote>Urge the <b>necessity</b> and state of times.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The extreme poverty and <b>necessity</b> his majesty was in.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is necessary; a necessary; a requisite; something indispensable; -- often in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>These should be hours for <b>necessities</b>,
Not for delights.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What was once to me
Mere matter of the fancy, now has grown
The vast <b>necessity</b> of heart and life.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which makes an act or an event unavoidable; irresistible force; overruling power; compulsion, physical or moral; fate; fatality.</def>

<blockquote>So spake the fiend, and with <b>necessity</b>,
The tyrant's plea, excused his devilish deeds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The negation of freedom in voluntary action; the subjection of all phenomena, whether material or spiritual, to inevitable causation; necessitarianism.</def>

<cs><col>Of necessity</col>, <cd>by necessary consequence; by compulsion, or irresistible power; perforce.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Need</er>.</syn>

<h1>Neck</h1>
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<hw>Neck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>necke</ets>, AS. <ets>hnecca</ets>; akin to D. <ets>nek</ets> the nape of the neck, G. <ets>nacken</ets>, OHG. <ets>nacch</ets>, <ets>hnacch</ets>, Icel. <ets>hnakki</ets>, Sw. <ets>nacke</ets>, Dan. <ets>nakke</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The part of an animal which connects the head and the trunk, and which, in man and many other animals, is more slender than the trunk.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any part of an inanimate object corresponding to or resembling the neck of an animal</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The long slender part of a vessel, as a retort, or of a fruit, as a gourd.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A long narrow tract of land projecting from the main body, or a narrow tract connecting two larger tracts.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>That part of a violin, guitar, or similar instrument, which extends from the head to the body, and on which is the finger board or fret board.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A reduction in size near the end of an object, formed by a groove around it; <as>as, a <ex>neck</ex> forming the journal of a shaft</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>the point where the base of the stem of a plant arises from the root.</def>

<cs><col>Neck and crop</col>, <cd>completely; wholly; altogether; roughly and at once.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Neck and neck</col> <fld>(Racing)</fld>, <cd>so nearly equal that one cannot be said to be before the other; very close; even; side by side.</cd> -- <col>Neck of a capital</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Gorgerin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Neck of a cascabel</col> <fld>(Gun.)</fld>, <cd>the part joining the knob to the base of the breech.</cd> -- <col>Neck of a gun</col>, <cd>the small part of the piece between the chase and the swell of the muzzle.</cd> -- <col>Neck of a tooth</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the constriction between the root and the crown.</cd> -- <col>Neck or nothing</col> <mark>(Fig.)</mark>, <cd>at all risks.</cd> -- <col>Neck verse</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The verse formerly read to entitle a party to the benefit of clergy, said to be the first verse of the fifty-first Psalm, "<i>Miserere mei<i>," etc.</cd> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Hence, a verse or saying, the utterance of which decides one's fate; a shibboleth.</cd>

<blockquote>These words, "bread and cheese," were their <b>neck verse</b> or shibboleth to distinguish them; all pronouncing "broad and cause," being presently put to death.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Neck yoke</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A bar by which the end of the tongue of a wagon or carriage is suspended from the collars of the harnesses.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A device with projecting arms for carrying things (as buckets of water or sap) suspended from one's shoulders</cd>. -- <col>On the neck of</col>, <cd>immediately after; following closely.</cd> "Commiting one sin <i>on the neck of</i> another." <i>W. Perkins.</i> -- <col>Stiff neck</col>, <cd>obstinacy in evil or wrong; inflexible obstinacy; contumacy.</cd> "I know thy rebellion, and thy <i>stiff neck</i>." <i>Deut. xxxi. 27.</i> -- <col>To break the neck of</col>, <cd>to destroy the main force of.</cd> "What they presume to borrow from her sage and virtuous rules... <i>breaks the neck of</i> their own cause." <i>Milton.</i><-- = break the back of --> -- <col>To harden the neck</col>, <cd>to grow obstinate; to be more and more perverse and rebellious.</cd> <i>Neh. ix. 17.</i> -- <col>To tread on the neck of</col>, <cd>to oppress; to tyrannize over.</cd></cs>

<h1>Neck</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Neck</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Necked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Necking</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>To reduce the diameter of (an object) near its end, by making a groove around it; -- used with <i>down</i>; <as>as, to <ex>neck</ex> down a shaft</as>.</def>

<-- 2. <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> To kiss and caress amorously. <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> necking</wordforms> -->

<h1>Neckar nut</h1>
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<hw>Neck"ar nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Nicker nut</er>.</def>

<h1>Neckband</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Neck"band`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A band which goes around the neck; often, the part at the top of a garment.</def>

<h1>Neckcloth</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Neck"cloth`</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A piece of any fabric worn around the neck.</def>

<h1>Necked</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Necked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having (such) a neck; -- chiefly used in composition; <as>as, stiff-<ex>necked</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Cracked; -- said of a treenail.</def>

<h1>Neckerchief</h1>
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<hw>Neck"er*chief</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>neck kerchief</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kerchief for the neck; -- called also <altname>neck handkerchief</altname>.</def>

<h1>Necking</h1>
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<hw>Neck"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Neckmold</er>.</def>

<h1>Necklace</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Neck"lace</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A string of beads, etc., or any continuous band or chain, worn around the neck as an ornament.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope or chain fitted around the masthead to hold hanging blocks for jibs and stays.</def>

<h1>necklaced</h1>
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<hw>neck"laced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing a necklace; marked as with a necklace.</def>

<blockquote>The hooded and the <b>necklaced</b> snake.
<i>Sir W. Jones.</i></blockquote>

<h1>neckland</h1>
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<hw>neck"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A neck of land.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>necklet</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>neck"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A necklace.</def>

<i>E. Anold.</i>

<h1>Neckmold, Neckmould</h1>
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<hw><hw>Neck"mold`</hw>, <hw>Neck"mould`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small convex molding surrounding a column at the jinction of the shaft and capital.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Neckplate</h1>
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<hw>Neck"plate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Gorget</er>, 1 and 2.</def>

<h1>Necktie</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Neck"tie`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A scarf, band, or kerchief of silk, etc., passing around the neck or collar and tied in front; a bow of silk, etc., fastened in front of the neck.</def>

<h1>Neckwear</h1>
<Xpage=967>

<hw>Neck"wear`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A collective term for cravats, collars, etc.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or trade name]</mark>

<h1>Neckweed</h1>
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<hw>Neck"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An American annual weed (<spn>veronica peregrina</spn>), with small white flowers and a roundish pod.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The hemp; -- so called as furnishing ropes for hanging criminals.</def>

<i>Dr. prior.</i>

<h1>Necrobiosis</h1>
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<hw>Nec`ro*bi*o"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ dead + <?/ way of life, fr. <?/ life.]</ety> <fld>(Biol. & Med.)</fld> <def>The death of a part by molecular disintegration and without loss of continuity, as in the processes of degeneration and atrophy.</def><-- a normal dying out of cells in a tissue, contrast to necrosis -->

<i>Virchow.</i>

<h1>Necrobiotic</h1>
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<hw>Nec`ro*bi*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol. & Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to necrobiosis; <as>as, a <ex>necrobiotic</ex> metamorphosis</as>.</def>

<h1>Necrolatry</h1>
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<hw>Ne*crol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a dead person + <?/ to worship.]</ety> <def>The worship of the dead; manes worship.</def>

<i>H. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Necrolite</h1>
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<hw>Nec"ro*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a corpse + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Necronite</er>.</def>

<h1>Necrologic, Necrological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nec`ro*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nec`ro*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>n\'82crologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to necrology; of the nature of necrology; relating to, or giving, an account of the dead, or of deaths.</def>

<h1>Necrologist</h1>
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<hw>Ne*crol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gives an account of deaths.</def>

<h1>Necrology</h1>
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<hw>Ne*crol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Necrologies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ a dead person + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>n\'82crologie</ets>. See <er>Necromancy</er>.]</ety> <def>An account of deaths, or of the dead; a register of deaths; a collection of obituary notices.</def>

<h1>Necromancer</h1>
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<hw>Nec"ro*man`cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices necromancy; a sorcerer; a wizard.</def>

<h1>Necromancy</h1>
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<hw>Nec"ro*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nigromaunce</ets>, <ets>nigromancie</ets>, OF. <ets>nigromance</ets>, F. <ets>n\'82cromance</ets>, <ets>n\'82cromancie</ets>, from L. <ets>necromantia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ a dead body (akin to L. <ets>necare</ets> to kill, Skr. <ets>na</ets>(<ets><?/</ets>) to perish, vanish) + <?/ divination, fr. <?/ diviner, seer, akin to E. <ets>mania</ets>. See <er>Mania</er>, and cf. <er>Internecine</er>, <er>Noxious</er>. The old spelling is due to confusion with L. <ets>niger</ets> black. Hence the name <ets>black art</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of revealing future events by means of a pretended communication with the dead; the black art; hence, magic in general; conjuration; enchantment. See <er>Black art</er>.</def>

<blockquote>This palace standeth in the air,
By <b>necromancy</b> plac\'8ad there.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Necromantic</h1>
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<hw>Nec`ro*man"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Conjuration.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>With all the <b>necromantics</b> of their art.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Necromantic, Necromantical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nec`ro*man"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nec`ro*man"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to necromancy; performed by necromancy.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Nec`ro*man"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Necronite</h1>
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<hw>Nec"ro*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a dead body.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Fetid feldspar, a mineral which, when struck, exhales a fetid odor.</def>

<h1>Necrophagan</h1>
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<hw>Ne*croph"a*gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Necrophagous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Eating carrion.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of a tribe (<spn>Necrophaga</spn>) of beetles which, in the larval state, feed on carrion; a burying beetle.</def></def2>

<h1>Necrophagous</h1>
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<hw>Ne*croph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ eating corpses; <?/ a dead body + <?/ to eat: cf. F. <ets>n\'82crophage</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the <spn>Necrophaga</spn>; eating carrion. See <er>Necrophagan</er>.</def>

<h1>Necrophobia</h1>
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<hw>Nec`ro*pho"bi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a dead body + <?/ to fear.]</ety> <def>An exaggerated fear of death or horror of dead bodies.</def>

<h1>Necrophore</h1>
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<hw>Nec"ro*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a dead body + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of beetles of the genus <spn>Necrophorus</spn> and allied genera; -- called also <altname>burying beetle</altname>, <altname>carrion beetle</altname>, <altname>sexton beetle</altname>.</def>

<h1>Necropolis</h1>
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<hw>Ne*crop"o*lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Necropolises</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ a dead body, adj., dead + <?/ city.]</ety> <def>A city of the dead; a name given by the ancients to their cemeteries, and sometimes applied to modern burial places; a graveyard.</def>

<h1>Necropsy</h1>
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<hw>Nec"rop*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a dead body + <?/ sight: cf. F. <ets>n\'82cropsie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A post-mortem examination or inspection; an autopsy. See <er>Autopsy</er>.</def>

<h1>Necroscopic, Necroscopical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nec`ro*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nec`ro*scop"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a dead body + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>Or or relating to post-mortem examinations.</def>

<h1>Necrose</h1>
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<hw>Ne*crose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To affect with necrosis; to unergo necrosis.</def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<h1>Necrosed</h1>
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<hw>Ne*crosed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Affected by necrosis; dead; <as>as, a <ex>necrosed</ex> bone</as>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<hr>
<page="968">
Page 968<p>

<h1>Necrosis</h1>
<Xpage=968>

<hw>Ne*cro"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to make dead, to mortify, <?/ a dead body.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(med.)</fld> <def>Mortification or gangrene of bone, or the death of a bone or portion of a bone in mass, as opposed to its death by molecular disintegration. See <er>Caries</er>.</def><-- now used differently : modern def = "pathologic death of part of a tissue due to irreversible damage" i.e. not just bone.  Contrast to necrobiosis, which is a normal death of cels in a tissue -->

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A disease of trees, in which the branches gradually dry up from the bark to the center.</def>

<h1>Necrotic</h1>
<Xpage=968>

<hw>Ne*crot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Affected with necrosis; <as>as, <ex>necrotic</ex> tissue</as>; characterized by, or producing, necrosis; <as>as, a <ex>necrotic</ex> process</as>.</def>

<h1>Nectar</h1>
<Xpage=968>

<hw>Nec"tar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Myth. & Poetic)</fld> <def>The drink of the gods (as ambrosia was their food); hence, any delicious or inspiring beverage.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A sweetish secretion of blossoms from which bees make honey.</def>

<h1>Nectareal</h1>
<Xpage=968>

<hw>Nec*ta"re*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Nectareous.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a nectary.</def>

<h1>Nectarean</h1>
<Xpage=968>

<hw>Nec*ta"re*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nectareus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>nectar\'82en</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling nectar; very sweet and pleasant.</def> "<i>nectarean</i> juice."

<i>Talfourd.</i>

<h1>Nectared</h1>
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<hw>Nec"tared</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Imbued with nectar; mingled with nectar; abounding with nectar.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Nectareous</h1>
<Xpage=968>

<hw>Nec*ta"re"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, containing, or resembling nectar; delicious; nectarean.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Nec*ta"re*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Nec*ta"re*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Nectarial</h1>
<Xpage=968>

<hw>Nec*ta"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the nectary of a plant.</def>

<h1>Nectaried</h1>
<Xpage=968>

<hw>Nec"ta*ried</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a nectary.</def>

<h1>Nectariferous</h1>
<Xpage=968>

<hw>Nec`tar*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nectar</ets> nectar + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>nectarif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Secreting nectar; -- said of blossoms or their parts.</def>

<h1>Nectarine</h1>
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<hw>Nec"tar*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Nectareous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Nectarine</h1>
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<hw>Nec"tar*ine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nectarine</ets>. See <er>Nectar</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A smooth-skinned variety of peach.</def>

<cs><col>Spanish nectarine</col>, <cd>the plumlike fruit of the West Indian tree <spn>Chrysobalanus Icaco</spn>; -- also called <altname>cocoa plum</altname>. it is made into a sweet conserve which a largely exported from Cuba.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nectarize</h1>
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<hw>Nec"tar*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nectarized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nectarizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To mingle or infuse with nectar; to sweeten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Nectarous</h1>
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<hw>Nec"tar*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Nectareous.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Nectary</h1>
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<hw>Nec"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nectaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[From <er>Nectar</er>: cf. F. <ets>nectaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>That part of a blossom which secretes nectar, usually the base of the corolla or petals; also, the spur of such flowers as the larkspur and columbine, whether nectariferous or not. See the <i>Illustration</i> of <er>Nasturtium</er>.</def>

<h1>Nectocalyx</h1>
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<hw>Nec`to*ca"lyx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nectocalyces</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. gr. <?/ swimming + <?/ a calyx.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The swimming bell or umbrella of a jellyfish of medusa.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the zooids of certain Siphonophora, having somewhat the form, and the essential structure, of the bell of a jellyfish, and acting as a swimming organ.</def>

<h1>Nectosac, Nectosack</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nec"to*sac</hw>, <hw>Nec"to*sack</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ swimming + E. <ets>sac</ets>, <ets>sack</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cavity of a nectocalyx.</def>

<h1>Nectostem</h1>
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<hw>Nec"to*stem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ swimming + E. <ets>stem</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That portion of the axis which bears the nectocalyces in the Siphonophora.</def>

<h1>Nedder</h1>
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<hw>Ned"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Adder</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An adder.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Neddy</h1>
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<hw>Ned"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Neddies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A pet name for a donkey.</def>

<h1>Nee</h1>
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<hw>Nee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p., fem.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>nata</ets>, fem. of <ets>natus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>nasci</ets> to be born. See <er>Nation</er>.]</ety> <def>Born; -- a term sometimes used in introducing the name of the family to which a married woman belongs by birth; <as>as, Madame de Sta\'89l, <ex>n\'82e</ex> Necker</as>.</def><-- i.e. maiden name -->

<h1>Need</h1>
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<hw>Need</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>need</ets>, <ets>neod</ets>, <ets>nede</ets>, AS. <ets>ne\'a0d</ets>, <ets>n&ymac;d</ets>; akin to D. <ets>nood</ets>, G. <ets>not</ets>, <ets>noth</ets>, Icel. <ets>nau&edh;r</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>n\'94d</ets>, Goth. <ets>naups</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A state that requires supply or relief; pressing occasion for something; necessity; urgent want.</def>

<blockquote>And the city had no <b>need</b> of the sun.
<i>Rev. xxi. 23.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have no <b>need</b> to beg.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Be governed by your <b>needs</b>, not by your fancy.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Want of the means of subsistence; poverty; indigence; destitution.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Famine is in thy cheeks;
<b>Need</b> and oppression starveth in thine eyes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is needful; anything necessary to be done; (<pluf>pl.</pluf>) necessary things; business.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Situation of need; peril; danger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Exigency; emergency; strait; extremity; necessity; distress; destitution; poverty; indigence; want; penury.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Need</er>, <er>Necessity</er>. <i>Necessity</i> is stronger than <i>need</i>; it places us under positive compulsion. We are frequently under the <i>necessity</i> of going without that of which we stand very greatly in <i>need</i>. It is also with the corresponding adjectives; <i>necessitous</i> circumstances imply the direct pressure of suffering; <i>needy</i> circumstances, the want of aid or relief.</usage>

<h1>Need</h1>
<Xpage=968>

<hw>Need</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Needed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Needing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Need</er>, <tt>n.</tt> Cf. AS. <ets>n<?/dan</ets> to force, Goth. <ets>nau<?/jan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To be in want of; to have cause or occasion for; to lack; to require, as supply or relief.</def>

<blockquote>Other creatures all day long
Rove idle, unemployed, and less <b>need</b> rest.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; With another verb, <i>need</i> is used like an auxiliary, generally in a negative sentence expressing requirement or obligation, and in this use it undergoes no change of termination in the third person singular of the present tense. "And the lender <i>need</i> not fear he shall be injured."</note>

<i>Anacharsis (Trans. ).</i>

<h1>Need</h1>
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<hw>Need</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be wanted; to be necessary.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>When we have done it, we have done all that is in our power, and all that <b>needs</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Need</h1>
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<hw>Need</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Of necessity. See <er>Needs</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Needer</h1>
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<hw>Need"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who needs anything.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Needful</h1>
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<hw>Need"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of need; in need or want; needy; distressing.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>needful</b> time of trouble.
<i>Bk. of Com. Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Necessary for supply or relief; requisite.</def>

<blockquote>All things <b>needful</b> for defense abound.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Need"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Need"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Needily</h1>
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<hw>Need"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Needy</er>.]</ety> <def>In a needy condition or manner; necessarily.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Neediness</h1>
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<hw>Need"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being needy; want; poverty; indigence.</def>

<h1>Needle</h1>
<Xpage=968>

<hw>Nee"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nedle</ets>, AS. <ets>n<?/dl</ets>; akin to D. <ets>neald</ets>, OS. <ets>n\'bedla</ets>, G. <ets>nadel</ets>, OHG. <ets>n\'bedal</ets>, <ets>n\'bedala</ets>, Icel. <ets>n\'bel</ets>, Sw. <ets>n\'86l</ets>, Dan. <ets>naal</ets>, and also to G. <ets>n\'84hen</ets> to sew, OHG. <ets>n\'bejan</ets>, L. <ets>nere</ets> to spin, Gr. <?/, and perh. to E. <ets>snare</ets>: cf. Gael. & Ir. <ets>snathad</ets> needle, Gael. <ets>snath</ets> thread, G. <ets>schnur</ets> string, cord.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small instrument of steel, sharply pointed at one end, with an eye to receive a thread, -- used in sewing.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<note>&hand; In some needles(as for sewing machines) the eye is at the pointed end, but in ordinary needles it is at the blunt end.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <cref>Magnetic needle</cref>, under <er>Magnetic</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A slender rod or wire used in knitting; a knitting needle; also, a hooked instrument which carries the thread or twine, and by means of which knots or loops are formed in the process of netting, knitting, or crocheting.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the needle-shaped secondary leaves of pine trees. See <er>Pinus</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Any slender, pointed object, like a needle, as a pointed crystal, a sharp pinnacle of rock, an obelisk, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Dipping needle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Dipping</er>.</cd> -- <col>Needle bar</col>, <cd>the reciprocating bar to which the needle of a sewing machine is attached.</cd> -- <col>Needle beam</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>to shoring, the horizontal cross timber which goes through the wall or a pier, and upon which the weight of the wall rests, when a building is shored up to allow of alterations in the lower part.</cd> -- <col>Needle furze</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a prickly leguminous plant of Western Europe; the petty whin (<spn>Genista Anglica</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Needle gun</col>, <cd>a firearm loaded at the breech with a cartridge carrying its own fulminate, which is exploded by driving a slender needle, or pin, into it.</cd> -- <col>Needle loom</col> <fld>(Weaving)</fld>, <cd>a loom in which the weft thread is carried through the shed by a long eye-pointed needle instead of by a shuttle.</cd> -- <col>Needle ore</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>acicular bismuth; a sulphide of bismuth, lead, and copper occuring in acicular crystals; -- called also <altname>aikinite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Needle shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a sea urchin.</cd> -- <col>Needle spar</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>aragonite.</cd> -- <col>Needle telegraph</col>, <cd>a telegraph in which the signals are given by the deflections of a magnetic needle to the right or to the left of a certain position.</cd> -- <col>Sea needle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the garfish.</cd></cs>

<h1>Needle</h1>
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<hw>Nee"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form in the shape of a needle; <as>as, to <ex>needle</ex> crystals</as>.</def>

<h1>Needle</h1>
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<hw>Nee"dle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form needles; to crystallize in the form of needles.</def>

<h1>Needlebook</h1>
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<hw>Nee"dle*book`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A book-shaped needlecase, having leaves of cloth into which the needles are stuck.</def>

<h1>Needlecase</h1>
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<hw>Nee"dle*case`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A case to keep needles.</def>

<h1>Needlefish</h1>
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<hw>Nee"dle*fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The European great pipefich (<spn>Siphostoma, &or; Syngnathus, acus</spn>); -- called also <altname>earl</altname>, and <altname>tanglefish</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The garfish.</def>

<h1>needleful</h1>
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<hw>nee"dle*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>needlefuls</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>As much thread as is used in a needle at one time.</def>

<h1>Needle-pointed</h1>
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<hw>Nee"dle-pointed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pointed as needles.</def>

<h1>Needler</h1>
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<hw>Nee"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes or uses needles; also, a dealer in needles.</def>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Needless</h1>
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<hw>Nee"dless</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having no need.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Weeping into the <b>needless</b> stream.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not wanted; unnecessary; not requiste; <as>as, <ex>needless</ex> labor; <ex>needless</ex> expenses.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Without sufficient cause; groundless; cuseless.</def> "<i>Needless</i> jealousy."

<i>Shak.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Need"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Need"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Needlestone</h1>
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<hw>Nee"dle*stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Natrolite; -- called also <altname>needle zeolite</altname>.</def>

<h1>Needlewoman</h1>
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<hw>Nee"dle*wom`an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Needlewomen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A woman who does needlework; a seamstress.</def>

<h1>Needlework</h1>
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<hw>Nee"dle*work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Work executed with a needle; sewed work; sewing; embroidery; also, the business of a seamstress.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The combination of timber and plaster making the outside framework of some houses.</def>

<h1>Needly</h1>
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<hw>Nee"dly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a needle or needles; <as>as, a <ex>needly</ex> horn; a <ex>needly</ex> beard.</as></def>

<i>R. D. Blackmore.</i>

<h1>Needly</h1>
<Xpage=968>

<hw>Need"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>n<?/dlice</ets>. See <er>Need</er>.]</ety> <def>Necessarily; of necessity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>hak.</i>

<h1>Needment</h1>
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<hw>Need"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something needed or wanted.</def> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Outfit; necessary luggage.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Carrying each his <b>needments</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Needs</h1>
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<hw>Needs</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Orig. gen. of <ets>need</ets>, used as an adverb. Cf. <er>-wards</er>.]</ety> <def>Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with <i>must</i>, and equivalent to <i>of need</i>.</def>

<blockquote>A man must <b>needs</b> love mauger his head.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And he must <b>needs</b> go through Samaria.
<i>John iv. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He would <b>needs</b> know the cause of his reulse.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Needscost</h1>
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<hw>Needs"cost`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Of necessity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Needsly</h1>
<Xpage=968>

<hw>Needs"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Of necessity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Needy</h1>
<Xpage=968>

<hw>Need"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Needer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Neediest</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Distressed by want of the means of living; very por; indigent; necessitous.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt open thy hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor, and to thy <b>needy</b> in thy land.
<i>Deut. xv. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Spare the bluches of <b>needly</b> merit.
<i>Dr. T. Dwight.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Necessary; requiste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Corn to make your <b>needy</b> bread.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Neeld, Neele</h1>
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<hw><hw>Neeld</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Neele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Needle</er>.]</ety> <def>A needle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Neelghau</h1>
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<hw>Neel"ghau</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Nylghau</er>.</def>

<h1>Neem tree</h1>
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<hw>Neem" tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Hind. <ets>n\'c6m</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An Asiatic name for <spn>Melia Azadirachta</spn>, and <spn>M. Azedarach</spn>. See <er>Margosa</er>.</def>

<h1>Neer</h1>
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<hw>Neer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <def>Nearer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ne'er</h1>
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<hw>Ne'er</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>a contraction of <er>Never</er>.</def>

<h1>Neese</h1>
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<hw>Neese</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Neesed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Neesing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>nesen</ets>; akin to D. <ets>niezen</ets>, G. <ets>niesen</ets>, Icel. <ets>hnj&omac;sa</ets>.]</ety> <def>To sneeze.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>neeze</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Neesing</h1>
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<hw>Nees"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sneezing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "By his <i>neesings</i> a light doth shine."

<i>Job xli. 18.</i>

<h1>Ne exeat</h1>
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<hw>Ne` ex"e*at</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>ne exeat regno</ets> let him not go out of the kingdom.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ to restrain a person from leaving the country, or the jurisdiction of the court. The writ was originally applicable to purposes of state, but is now an ordinary process of courts of equity, resorted to for the purpose of obtaining bail, or security to abide a decree.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Nef</h1>
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<hw>Nef</hw> <tt>(?; F. <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Nave</er>.]</ety> <def>The nave of a church.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Nefand, Nefandous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ne"fand</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ne*fan"dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nefandus</ets> not to be spoken; <ets>ne</ets> not + <ets>fari</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>Unfit to speak of; unmentionable; impious; execrable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Nefand</i> adominations." <i>Sheldon.</i> "<i>Nefandous</i> high treason." <i>Cotton Mather.</i>

<h1>Nefarious</h1>
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<hw>Ne*fa"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nefarius</ets>, fr. <ets>nefas</ets> crime, wrong; <ets>ne</ets> not + <ets>fas</ets> divine law; akin to <ets>fari</ets> to speak. See <er>No</er>, <tt>adv.</tt>, and <er>Fate</er>.]</ety> <def>Wicked in the extreme; abominable; iniquitous; atrociously villainous; execrable; detestably vile.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Iniquitous; detestable; horrible; heinious; atrocious; infamous; impious. See <er>Iniquitous</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ne*fa"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ne*fa"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Nefasch</h1>
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<hw>Ne"fasch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any fish of the genus <spn>Distichodus</spn>. Several large species inhabit the Nile.</def>

<h1>Nefast</h1>
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<hw>Ne"fast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nefastus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wicked.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Negation</h1>
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<hw>Ne*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>negatio</ets>, fr. <ets>negare</ets> to say no, to deny; <ets>ne</ets> not + the root of <ets>aio</ets> I say; cf. Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>ah</ets> to say; cf. F. <ets>n\'82gation</ets>. See <er>No</er>, <tt>adv.</tt>, and cf. <er>Adage</er>, <er>Deny</er>, <er>Renegade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of denying; assertion of the nonreality or untruthfulness of anything; declaration that something is not, or has not been, or will not be; denial; -- the opposite of <ant>affirmation</ant>.</def>

<blockquote>Our assertions and <b>negations</b> should be yea and nay.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Description or definition by denial, exclusion, or exception; statement of what a thing is not, or has not, from which may be inferred what it is or has.</def>

<h1>Negative</h1>
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<hw>Neg"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>n\'82gatif</ets>, L. <ets>negativus</ets>, fr. <ets>negare</ets> to deny. See <er>Negation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Denying; implying, containing, or asserting denial, negation or refusal; returning the answer <i>no</i> to an inquiry or request; refusing assent; <as>as, a <ex>negative</ex> answer; a <ex>negative</ex> opinion</as>; -- opposed to <ant>affirmative</ant>.</def>

<blockquote>If thou wilt confess,
Or else be impudently <b>negative</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Denying me any power of a <b>negative</b> voice.
<i>Eikon Basilike.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Something between an affirmative bow and a <b>negative</b> shake.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not positive; without affirmative statement or demonstration; indirect; consisting in the absence of something; privative; <as>as, a <ex>negative</ex> argument; a <ex>negative</ex> morality; <ex>negative</ex> criticism.</as></def>

<blockquote>There in another way of denying Christ, ... which is <b>negative</b>, when we do not acknowledge and confess him.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Asserting absence of connection between a subject and a predicate; <as>as, a <ex>negative</ex> proposition</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a picture upon glass or other material, in which the lights and shades of the original, and the relations of right and left, are reversed.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Metalloidal; nonmetallic; -- contracted with <i>positive</i> or <i>basic</i>; <as>as, the nitro group is <ex>negative</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; This word, derived from <i>electro-negative</i>, is now commonly used in a more general sense, when <i>acidiferous</i> is the intended signification.</note>

<cs><col>Negative crystal</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A cavity in a mineral mass, having the form of a crystal</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A crystal which has the power of negative double refraction</cd>. See <er>refraction</er>.</cd> -- <col>negative electricity</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>the kind of electricity which is developed upon resin or ebonite when rubbed, or which appears at that pole of a voltaic battery which is connected with the plate most attacked by the exciting liquid; -- formerly called <altname>resinous electricity</altname>. Opposed to <ant>positive electricity</ant>. Formerly, according to Franklin's theory of a single electric fluid, negative electricity was supposed to be electricity in a degree below saturation, or the natural amount for a given body. see <er>Electricity</er>.</cd> -- <col>Negative eyepiece</col>. <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>see under <er>Eyepiece</er>.</cd> -- <col>Negative quantity</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>a quantity preceded by the negative sign, or which stands in the relation indicated by this sign to some other quantity. See <cref>Negative sign</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Negative rotation</col>, <cd>right-handed rotation. See <er>Right-handed</er>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Negative sign</col>, <cd>the sign -, or <i>minus<i> (opposed in signification to +, or <ant>plus</ant>), indicating that the quantity to which it is prefixed is to be subtracted from the preceding quantity, or is to be reckoned from zero or cipher in the opposite direction to that of quanties having the sign <i>plus<i> either expressed or understood; thus, in <mathex>a - b</mathex>, <it>b<it> is to be substracted from <it>a<it>, or regarded as opposite to it in value; and -10\'f8 on a thermometer means 10\'f8 <i>below<i> the zero of the scale.</cd></cs>

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<h1>Negative</h1>
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<hw>Neg"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>n\'82gative</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A proposition by which something is denied or forbidden; a conception or term formed by prefixing the negative particle to one which is positive; an opposite or contradictory term or conception.</def>

<blockquote>This is a known rule in divinity, that there is no command that runs in <b>negatives</b> but couches under it a positive duty.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A word used in denial or refusal; <as>as, <ex>not</ex>, <ex>no</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; In Old England two or more negatives were often joined together for the sake of emphasis, whereas now such expressions are considered ungrammatical, being chiefly heard in iliterate speech.  A double negative is now sometimes used as nearly or quite equivalent to an affirmative.</note>

<blockquote><b>No</b> wine <b>ne</b> drank she, neither white nor red.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These eyes that never did <b>nor never</b> shall
So much as frown on you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The refusal or withholding of assents; veto.</def>

<blockquote>If a kind without his kingdom be, in a civil sense, nothing, then ... his <b>negative</b> is as good as nothing.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That side of a question which denies or refuses, or which is taken by an opposing or denying party; the relation or position of denial or opposition; <as>as, the question was decided in the <ex>negative</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A picture upon glass or other material, in which the light portions of the original are represented in some opaque material (usually reduced silver), and the dark portions by the uncovered and transparent or semitransparent ground of the picture.</def>

<note>&hand; A <i>negative</i> is chiefly used for producing photographs by means of the sun's light passing through it and acting upon sensitized paper, thus producing on the paper a positive picture.</note><-- now, not sun's light but artificial light is used -->

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Elect.)</fld> <def>The negative plate of a voltaic or electrolytic cell.</def>

<cs><col>Negative pregnant</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a negation which implies an affirmation.</cd></cs>

<h1>Negative</h1>
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<hw>Neg"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Negatived</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Negativing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To prove unreal or intrue; to disprove.</def>

<blockquote>The omission or infrequency of such recitals does not <b>negative</b> the existence of miracles.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reject by vote; to refuse to enact or sanction; <as>as, the Senate <ex>negatived</ex> the bill</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To neutralize the force of; to counteract.</def>

<h1>Negatively</h1>
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<hw>Neg"a*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a negative manner; with or by denial.</def> "He answered <i>negatively</i>."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the form of speech implying the absence of something; -- opposed to <i>positively</i>.</def>

<blockquote><?/ shal show what this image of God in man is, <b>negatively</b>, by showing wherein it does not consist, and positively, by showing wherein it does consist.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Negatively</col> <col>charged &or; electrified</col></mcol> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>having a charge of the kind of electricity called <i>negative<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Negativeness, Negativity</h1>
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<hw><hw>Neg"a*tive*ness</hw>, <hw>Neg`a*tiv"i*ty</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being negative.</def>

<h1>Negatory</h1>
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<hw>Neg"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>negatorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>n\'82gatorie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expressing denial; belonging to negation; negative.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Neginoth</h1>
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<hw>Neg"i*noth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>n&ecr;g\'c6n&omac;th</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>Stringed instruments.</def>

<i>Dr. W. Smith.</i>

<blockquote>To the chief musician on <b>Neginoth</b>.
<i>Ps. iv. 9heading).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Neglect</h1>
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<hw>Neg*lect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Neglected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Neglecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>neglectus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>neglegere</ets> (<ets>negligere</ets>) to disregard, neglect, the literal sense prob. neing, not to pick up; <ets>nec</ets> not, nor (fr. <ets>ne</ets> not + <ets>-que</ets>, a particle akin to Goth. <ets>-h</ets>, <ets>-uh</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>who</ets>; cf. Goth. <ets>nih</ets> nor) + L. <ets>legere</ets> to pick up, gather. See <er>No</er>, <tt>adv.</tt>, <er>Legend</er>, <er>Who</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not to attend to with due care or attention; to forbear one's duty in regard to; to suffer to pass unimproved, unheeded, undone, etc.; to omit; to disregard; to slight; <as>as, to <ex>neglect</ex> duty or business; to <ex>neglect</ex> to pay debts.</as></def>

<blockquote>I hope
My absence doth <b>neglect</b> no great designs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This, my long suffering and my day of grace,
Those who <b>neglect</b> and scorn shall never taste.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To omit to notice; to forbear to treat with attention or respect; to slight; <as>as, to <ex>neglect</ex> strangers</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To slight; overlook; disregard; disesteem; contemn. See <er>Slight</er>.</syn>

<h1>Neglect</h1>
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<hw>Neg*lect"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>neglectus</ets>. See <er>Neglect</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Omission of proper attention; avoidance or disregard of duty, from heedlessness, indifference, or willfulness; failure to do, use, or heed anything; culpable disregard; <as>as, <ex>neglect</ex> of business, of health, of economy</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To tell thee sadly, shepherd, without blame,
Or our <b>neglect</b>, we lost her as we came.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Omission if attention or civilities; slight; <as>as, <ex>neglect</ex> of strangers</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Habitual carelessness; negligence.</def>

<blockquote>Age breeds <b>neglect</b> in all.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The state of being disregarded, slighted, or neglected.</def>

<blockquote>Rescue my poor remains from vile <b>neglect</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Negligence; inattention; disregard; disesteem; remissness; indifference. See <er>Negligence</er>.</syn>

<-- benign neglect. -- A deliberate policy of minimizing public discussion of a controversial issue [by the president] on the theory that excessive discussion in itself is harmful or counterproductive -->

<h1>Neglectedness</h1>
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<hw>Neg*lect"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being neglected.</def>

<h1>Neglecter</h1>
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<hw>Neg*lect"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who neglects.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Neglectful</h1>
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<hw>Neg*lect"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of neglect; heedless; careless; negligent; inattentive; indifferent.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>A cold and <b>neglectful</b> countenance.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Though the Romans had no great genius for trade, yet they were not entirely <b>neglectful</b> of it.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Neg*lect"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Neg*lect"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Neglectingly</h1>
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<hw>Neg*lect"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Carelessly; heedlessly.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Neglection</h1>
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<hw>Neg*lec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>neglectio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being negligent; negligence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Neglective</h1>
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<hw>Neg*lect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Neglectful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Neglective</i> of their own children."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Negligee</h1>
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<hw>Neg`li*gee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>n\'82glig\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>n\'82gliger</ets> to neglect, L. <ets>negligere</ets>. See <er>Neglect</er>.]</ety> <def>An easy, unceremonious attire; undress; also, a kind of easy robe or dressing gown worn by women.</def>

<h1>Negligence</h1>
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<hw>Neg"li*gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>n\'82gligence</ets>, L. <ets>negligentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being negligent; lack of due diligence or care; omission of duty; habitual neglect; heedlessness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An act or instance of negligence or carelessness.</def>

<blockquote>remarking his beauties, ... I must also point out his <b>negligences</b> and defects.
<i>Blair.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The omission of the care usual under the circumstances, being convertible with the Roman <i>culpa</i>. A specialist is bound to higher skill and diligence in his specialty than one who is not a specialist, and liability for negligence varies acordingly.</def>

<cs><col>Contributory negligence</col>. <cd>See under <er>Contributory</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Neglect; inattention; heedlessness; disregard; slight.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Negligence</er>, <er>Neglect</er>. These two words are freely interchanged in our older writers; but a distinction has gradually sprung up between them. As now generally used, <i>negligence</i> is the habit, and <i>neglect</i> the act, of leaving things undone or unattended to. We are <i>negligent</i> as a general trait of character; we are guilty of <i>neglect</i> in particular cases, or in reference to individuals who had a right to our attentions.</usage>

<h1>Negligent</h1>
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<hw>Neg"li*gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>n\'82gligent</ets>, L. <ets>negligens</ets>,p.pr. of <ets>negligere</ets>. See <er>Neglect</er>.]</ety> <def>Apt to neglect; customarily neglectful; characterized by negligence; careless; heedless; culpably careless; showing lack of attention; <as>as, disposed in <ex>negligent</ex> order</as>.</def> "Be thou <i>negligent</i> of fame."

<i>Swift.</i>

<blockquote>He that thinks he can afford to be <b>negligent</b> is not far from being poor.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Careles; heedless; neglectful; regardless; thoughtless; indifferent; inattentive; remiss.</syn>

<h1>Negligently</h1>
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<hw>Neg"li*gent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a negligent manner.</def>

<h1>Negligible</h1>
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<hw>Neg"li*gi*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>n\'82gligible</ets>, <ets>n\'82gligeable</ets>.]</ety> <def>That may neglicted, disregarded, or left out of consideration.</def>

<blockquote>Within very <b>negligible</b> limits of error.
<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Negoce</h1>
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<hw>Ne*goce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>n\'82goce</ets>. See <er>Negotiate</er>.]</ety> <def>Business; occupation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Negotiability</h1>
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<hw>Ne*go`ti*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>n\'82gociabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being negotiable or transferable by indorsement.</def>

<h1>Negotiable</h1>
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<hw>Ne*go"ti*a*ble</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>n\'82gotiable</ets>. See <er>Negotiate</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being negotiated; transferable by assigment or indorsement to another person; <as>as, a <ex>negotiable</ex> note or bill of exchange</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Negotiable paper</col>, <cd>any commercial paper transferable by sale or delivery and indorsement, as bills of exchange, drafts, checks, and promissory notes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Negotiant</h1>
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<hw>Ne*go"ti*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>negotians</ets>, prop. p.pr. of <ets>negotiari</ets>: cf. F. <ets>n\'82gociant</ets>.]</ety> <def>A negotiator.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Negotiate</h1>
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<hw>Ne*go"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>negotiatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>negotiari</ets>, fr. <ets>negotium</ets> business; <ets>nec</ets> not + <ets>otium</ets> leisure. Cf. <er>Neglect</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To transact business; to carry on trade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat with another respecting purchase and sale or some business affair; to bargain or trade; <as>as, to <ex>negotiate</ex> with a man for the purchase of goods or a farm</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To hold intercourse respecting a treaty, league, or convention; to treat with, respecting peace or commerce; to conduct communications or conferences.</def>

<blockquote>He that <b>negotiates</b> between God and man
Is God's ambassador.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To intrigue; to scheme.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Negotiate</h1>
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<hw>Ne*go"ti*ate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Negotiated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Negotiating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To carry on negotiations concerning; to procure or arrange for by negotiation; <as>as, to <ex>negotiate</ex> peace, or an exchange</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Constantinople had <b>negotiated</b> in the isles of the Archipelago ... the most indispensable supplies.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To transfer for a valuable consideration under rules of commercial law; to sell; to pass.</def>

<blockquote>The notes were not <b>negotiated</b> to them in the usual course of business or trade.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Negotiation</h1>
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<hw>Ne*go`ti*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>negotiatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>n\'82gociation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of negotiating; a treating with another respecting sale or purchase. etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, mercantile business; trading.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Who had lost, with these prizes, forty thousand pounds, after twenty years' <b>negotiation</b> in the East Indies.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The transaction of business between nations; the mutual intercourse of governments by diplomatic agents, in making treaties, composing difference, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>negotiations</ex> at Ghent</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An important negotiation with foreign powers.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Negotiator</h1>
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<hw>Ne*go"ti*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>n\'82gociateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who negotiates; a person who treats with others, either as principal or agent, in respect to purchase and sale, or public compacts.</def>

<h1>Negotiatory</h1>
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<hw>Ne*go"ti*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to negotiation.</def>

<h1>Negotiatrix</h1>
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<hw>Ne*go`ti*a"trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A woman who negotiates.</def>

<i>Miss Edgeworth.</i>

<h1>Negotiosity</h1>
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<hw>Ne*go`ti*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>negotiositas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being busy; multitude of business.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Negotious</h1>
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<hw>Ne*go"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>negotiosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Very busy; attentive to business; active.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>D. Rogers.</i>

<h1>Negotiousness</h1>
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<hw>Ne*go"tious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being busily occupied; activity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>D. Rogers.</i>

<h1>Negress</h1>
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<hw>Ne"gress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Negresses</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>n\'82grese</ets>, fem. of <ets>n\'82gre</ets> a negro. See <er>Negro</er>.]</ety> <def>A black woman; a female negro.</def>

<h1>Negrita</h1>
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<hw>Ne*gri"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., blackish, fem. of <ets>negrito</ets>, dim. of <ets>negro</ets> black.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A blackish fish (<spn>Hypoplectrus nigricans</spn>), of the Sea-bass family. It is a native of the West Indies and Florida.</def>

<h1>Negritic</h1>
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<hw>Ne*grit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to negroes; composed of negroes.</def>

<i>Keary.</i>

<h1>Negritos</h1>
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<hw>Ne*gri"tos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing <singw>Negrito</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <ety>[Sp., dim. of <ets>negro</ets> black.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A degraded Papuan race, inhabiting Luzon and some of the other east Indian Islands. They resemble negroes, but are smaller in size. They are mostly nomads.</def>

<h1>Negro</h1>
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<hw>Ne"gro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Negroes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Sp. or Pg. <ets>negro</ets>, fr. <ets>negro</ets> black, L. <ets>niger</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>night</ets>.]</ety> <def>A black man; especially, one of a race of black or very dark persons who inhabit the greater part of tropical Africa, and are distinguished by crisped or curly hair, flat noses, and thick protruding lips; also, any black person of unmixed African blood, wherever found.</def><-- 2. A person of dark skin color descended at least in part from African negroes; an African-American. [U.S. usage, sometimes considered offensive.] -->

<h1>Negro</h1>
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<hw>Ne"gro</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>of or pertaining to negroes; black.</def>

<cs><col>Negro bug</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a minute black bug common on the raspberry and blackberry. It produced a very disagreeable flavor.</cd> -- <col>negro corn</col>, <cd>the Indian millet or durra; -- so called in the West Indies. see <er>Durra</er>.</cd></cs>

<i>McElrath.</i>

-- <col>Negro fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a black dipterous fly (<spn>Psila ros\'91</spn>) which, in the larval state, is injurious to carrots; -- called also <altname>carrot fly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Negro head</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>Cavendish tobacco. <mark>[Cant]</mark></cd>

<i>McElrath.</i>

-- <col>Negro monkey</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the moor monkey.</cd></cs>

<h1>Negroid</h1>
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<hw>Ne"groid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Negro</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Characteristic of the negro.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling the negro or negroes; of or pertaining to those who resemble the negro.</def>

<h1>Negroloid</h1>
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<hw>Ne"gro*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Negroid</er>.</def>

<h1>Negus</h1>
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<hw>Ne"gus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A beverage made of wine, water, sugar, nutmeg, and lemon juice; -- so called, it is said, from its first maker, Colonel <i>Negus</i>.</def>

<h1>Nehiloth</h1>
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<hw>Ne"hi*loth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Heb.]</ety> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>A term supposed to mean, perforated wind instruments of music, as pipes or flutes.</def>

<i>Ps. v. (heading).</i>

<h1>Nehushtan</h1>
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<hw>Ne*hush"tan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb.]</ety> <def>A thing of brass; -- the name under which the Israelites worshiped the brazen serpent made by Moses.</def>

<i>2 Kings xviii. 4.</i>

<h1>Neif, Neife</h1>
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<hw><hw>Neif</hw>, <hw>Neife</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ne\'8bf</ets>, <ets>na\'8bf</ets>, a born serf, fr. L. <ets>nativus</ets> born, imparted by birth. See <er>Native</er>.]</ety> <def>A woman born in the state of villeinage; a female serf.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Neif, Neaf</h1>
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<hw><hw>Neif</hw>, <hw>Neaf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>hnefi</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>n\'91ve</ets>, Sw. <ets>n\'84fve</ets>.]</ety> <def>The first.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "I kiss thy <i>neif</i>." "Give me your <i>neaf</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Neigh</h1>
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<hw>Neigh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Neighed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Neighing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>neien</ets>, AS. <ets>hn<?/gan</ets>, prob. of imitative origin; cf. MHG. <ets>n<?/gen</ets>, Icel. <ets>hneggja</ets>, <ets>gneggja</ets>, Sw. <ets>gn\'84gga</ets>. Cf. <er>Nag</er> a horse.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter the cry of the horse; to whinny.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To scoff or sneer; to jeer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Neighed</b> at his nakedness.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Neigh</h1>
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<hw>Neigh</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The cry of a horse; a whinny.</def>

<h1>Neighbor</h1>
<Xpage=969>

<hw>Neigh"bor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>neighebour</ets>, AS. <ets>ne\'a0hgeb<?/r</ets>; <ets>ne\'a0h</ets> nigh + <ets>geb</ets><?/<ets>r</ets> a dweller, farmer; akin to D. <ets>nabuur</ets>, G. <ets>nachbar</ets>, OHG. <ets>n\'behgib<?/r</ets>. See <er>Nigh</er>, and <er>Boor</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>neighbour</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person who lives near another; one whose abode is not far off.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Masters, my good friends, mine honest <b>neighbors</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is near in sympathy or confidence.</def>

<blockquote>Buckingham
No more shall be the <b>neighbor</b> to my counsel.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One entitled to, or exhibiting, neighborly kindness; hence, one of the human race; a fellow being.</def>

<blockquote>Which now of these three, thinkest thou, was <b>neighbor</b> unto him that fell among the thieves?
<i>Luke x. 36.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The gospel allows no such term as "stranger;" makes every man my <b>neighbor</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Neighbor</h1>
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<hw>Neigh"bor</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Near to another; adjoining; adjacent; next; neighboring.</def> "The <i>neighbor</i> cities." <i>Jer. l. 40.</i> "The <i>neighbor</i> room." <i>Shak.</i>

<h1>neighbor</h1>
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<hw>neigh"bor</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Neighbored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n</tt> <er>Neighboring</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To adjoin; to border on; tobe near to.</def>

<blockquote>Leisurely ascending hills that <b>neighbor</b> the shore.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To associate intimately with.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Neighbor</h1>
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<hw>Neigh"bor</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To dwell in the vicinity; to be a neighbor, or in the neighborhood; to be near.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A copse that <b>neighbors</b> by.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Neighborhood</h1>
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<hw>Neigh"bor*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>neighbourhood</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or condition of being a neighbor; the state of being or dwelling near; proximity.</def>

<blockquote>Then the prison and the palace were in awful <b>neighborhood</b>.
<i>Ld. Lytton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place near; vicinity; adjoining district; a region the inhabitants of which may be counted as neighbors; <as>as, he lives in my <ex>neighborhood</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The inhabitants who live in the vicinity of each other; <as>as, the fire alarmed all the <ex>neiborhood</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The disposition becoming a neighbor; neighborly kindness or good will.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Vicinity; vicinaty; proximity.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Neighborhood</er>, <er>Vicinity</er>. <i>Neigborhood</i> is Anglo-Saxon, and <i>vicinity</i> is Latin. <i>Vicinity</i> does not commonly denote so close a connection as <i>neighborhood</i>. A <i>neigborhood</i> is a more immediately <i>vicinity.</i>  The houses immediately adjoining a square are in the <i>neighborhood</i> of that square; those which are somewhat further removed are also in the <i>vicinity</i> of the square.</usage>

<h1>Neighboring</h1>
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<hw>Neigh"bor*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Living or being near; adjacent; <as>as, the <ex>neighboring</ex> nations or countries</as>.</def>

<h1>Neighborliness</h1>
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<hw>Neigh"bor*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being neighborly.</def>

<h1>Neighborly</h1>
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<hw>Neigh"bor*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Also written <ets>neighbourly</ets>.]</ety> <def>Apropriate to the relation of neighbors; having frequent or familiar intercourse; kind; civil; social; friendly.</def> -- <def2><tt>adv.</tt>  <def>In a neigborly manner.</def></def2>

<blockquote>Judge if this be <b>neighborly</b> dealing.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Neighborship</h1>
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<hw>Neigh"bor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being neighbors.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Bailie.</i>

<h1>Neishout</h1>
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<hw>Neis"hout</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From D. <ets>niezen</ets> to sneeze + <ets>hout</ets> wood.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The mahogany-like wood of the South African tree <i>Pteroxylon utile</i>, the sawdust of which causes violent sneezing (whence the name). Also called <i>sneezewood</i>.</def>

<h1>Neither</h1>
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<hw>Nei"ther</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>neiter</ets>, <ets>nother</ets>, <ets>nouther</ets>, AS. <ets>n\'bew<?/er</ets>, <ets>n\'behw\'91<?/er</ets>; <ets>n\'be</ets> never, not + <ets>hw\'91<?/er</ets> whether. The word has followed the form of <ets>either</ets>. See <er>No</er>, and <er>Whether</er>, and cf. <er>Neuter</er>, <er>Nor</er>.]</ety> <def>Not either; not the one or the other.</def>

<blockquote>Which of them shall I take?
Both? one? or <b>neither</b>? <b>Neither</b> can be enjoyed,
If both remain alive.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>neither</b> loves,
Nor either cares for him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Neither</h1>
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<hw>Nei"ther</hw>, <tt>conj.</tt> <def>not either; generally used to introduce the first of two or more co\'94rdinate clauses of which those that follow begin with <i>nor</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Fight <b>neither</b> with small nor great, save only with the king.
<i>1 Kings xxii. 31.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hadst thou been firm and fixed in thy dissent,
<b>Neither</b> had I transgressed, nor thou with me.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When she put it on, she made me vow
That I should <b>neither</b> sell, nor give, nor lose it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Neither</i> was formerly often used where we now use <i>nor</i>. "For neither circumcision, <i>neither</i> uncircumcision is anything at all." <i>Tyndale.</i> "Ye shall not eat of it, <i>neither</i> shall ye touch it." <i>Gen. iii. 3.</i> <i>Neither</i> is sometimes used colloquially at the end of a clause to enforce a foregoing negative (<i>nor</i>, <i>not</i>, <i>no</i>). "He is very tall, but not too tall <i>neither</i>." <i>Addison.</i> " \'bfI care not for his thrust' \'bfNo, nor I <i>neither</i>.'" <i>Shak.</i></note>

<cs><col>Not so neither</col>, <cd>by no means. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Nelumbo</h1>
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<hw>Ne*lum"bo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ceylonese word.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of great water lilies. The North American species is <spn>Nelumbo lutea</spn>, the Asiatic is the sacred lotus, <spn>N. speciosa</spn>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Nelumbium</asp>.]</altsp>

<hr>
<page="970">
Page 970<p>

<h1>Nemaline</h1>
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<hw>Nem"a*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nema</ets> thread, gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to spin.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Having the form of threads; fibrous.</def>

<h1>Nemalite</h1>
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<hw>Nem"a*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thread + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>n\'82malite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A fibrous variety of brucite.</def>

<h1>Nematelmia</h1>
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<hw>Nem`a*tel"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Nemathelminthes</er>.</def>

<h1>Nemathecium</h1>
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<hw>Nem`a*the"ci*um</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nemathecia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. gr. <?/ a thread + <?/ a box.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A peculiar kind of fructification on certain red alg\'91, consisting of an external mass of filaments at length separating into tetraspores.</def>

<h1>Nemthelminthes, Nematelminthes</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nem`thel*min"thes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nem`a*tel*min"thes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Nemato-</er>, and <er>Helminthes</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An ordr of helminths, including the Nematoidea and Gordiacea; the roundworms.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Nematelminthea</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Nemato-</h1>
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<hw>Nem"a*to-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>. A combining from Gr. <grk>nh^ma</grk>, <grk>nh`matos</grk>, a <i>thread</i>.</def>

<h1>Nematoblast</h1>
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<hw>Nem"a*to*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nemato-</ets> + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A spermatocyte or spermoblast.</def>

<h1>Nematocalyx</h1>
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<hw>Nem`a*to*ca"lyx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nematocalyces</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. -<plw>calyxes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Nemato-</er>, and <er>Calyx</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a peculiar kind of cups, or calicles, found upon hydroids of the family <spn>Plumularid\'91</spn>. They contain nematocysts. See <er>Plumularia</er>.</def>

<h1>Nematocera</h1>
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<hw>Nem`a*toc"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a thread + <?/ horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of dipterous insects, having long antenn\'91, as the mosquito, gnat, and crane fly; -- called also <altname>Nemocera</altname>.</def>

<h1>Nematocyst</h1>
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<hw>Nem"a*to*cyst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nemato-</ets> + <ets>cyst</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lasso cell, or thread cell. See <er>Lasso cell</er>, under <er>Lasso</er>.</def>

<h1>Nematode</h1>
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<hw>Nem"a*tode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Nematoid</er>.</def>

<h1>Nematogene</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Nem"a*to*gene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nemato-</ets> + root of Gr. <?/ to be born.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the dimorphic forms of the species of Dicyemata, which produced vermiform embryos; -- opposed to <ant>rhombogene</ant>.</def>

<h1>Nematognath</h1>
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<hw>Nem`a*tog"nath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>one of the Nematognathi.</def>

<h1>Nematognathi</h1>
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<hw>Nem`a*tog"na*thi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>nemato-</er>, and <er>Gnathic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes having barbels on the jaws. It includes the catfishes, or siluroids. See <er>Siluroid</er>.</def>

<h1>Nematoid</h1>
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<hw>Nem"a*toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nemato-</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>of or pertaining to the Nematoidea.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Nematoidea. see <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def></def2>

<h1>Nematoidea</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Nem`a*toi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. gr. <?/, <?/, thread + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of worms, having a long, round, and generally smooth body; the roundworms. they are mostly parasites. Called also <altname>Nematodea</altname>, and <altname>Nematoda</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The trichina, stomach worm, and pinworm of man belong to this group. See also <cref>Vinegar eel</cref>, under <er>Vinegar</er>, and <er>Gapeworm</er>.</note>

<h1>Nematoidean</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Nem`a*toid"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Nematoid.</def>

<h1>Nematophora</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Nem`a*toph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. gr. <?/, <?/, a thread + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>C\'91lenterata</er>.</def>

<h1>Nemean</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne"me*an</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Nemeus</ets>, fr. <ets>Nemea</ets>, Ge. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Nemea, in Argolis, where the ancient Greeks celebrated games, and Hercules killed a lion.</def>

<h1>Nemetean</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne*me"te*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Nemertina.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Nemertina.</def></def2>

<h1>Nemertes</h1>
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<hw>Ne*mer"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. gr. <?/ unerring.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of nemertina.</def>

<h1>Nemertian</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne*mer"ti*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Nemertean.</def>

<h1>Nemertid</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne*mer"tid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Nemertean.</def>

<h1>Nemertida</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne*mer"ti*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Nemertina.</def>

<h1>Nemertina</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Nem`er*ti"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Nemrtes</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of helminths usually having a long, slender, smooth, often bright-colored body, covered with minute vibrating cilia; -- called also <altname>Nemertea</altname>, <altname>Nemertida</altname>, and <altname>Rhynchoc\'91la</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The mouth is beneath the head, and the straight intestine at the posterior and. They have a very singular long tubular proboscis, which can be everted from a pore in the front of the head. Their nervous system and blood vessels are well developed. Some of the species become over one hundred feet long. They are mostly marine and seldom parasitic; a few inhabit fresh water. the two principal divisions are Anopla and Enopla.</note>

<h1>Nemesis</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Nem"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. gr. <?/, orig., distribution, fr. <?/ to distribute. See <er>Nomad</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The goddess of retribution or vengeance; hence, retributive justice personified; divine vengeance.</def>

<blockquote>This is that ancient doctrine of <b>nemesis</b> who keeps watch in the universe, and lets no offense go unchastised.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nemophilist</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne*moph"i*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Nemophily</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is fond of forest or forest scenery; a haunter of the woods.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Nemophily</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne*moph"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wooded pasture, glade + <?/ to love.]</ety> <def>Fondness for forest scenery; love of the woods.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Nemoral</h1>
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<hw>Nem"o*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nemoralis</ets>, fr. <ets>nemus</ets>, <ets>nemoris</ets>, a wood or grove: cf. F. <ets>n\'82moral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a wood or grove.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Nemorous</h1>
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<hw>Nem"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nemorosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Woody.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Paradise itself was but a kind of <b>nemorous</b> temple.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nempne</h1>
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<hw>Nemp"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>nemnan</ets> to name or call. See <er>Name</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>To name or call.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nempt</h1>
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<hw>Nempt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Nempne</er>. Called; named.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nems</h1>
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<hw>Nems</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ichneumon.</def>

<h1>Nenia</h1>
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<hw>Ne"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nenia</ets>, <ets>naenia</ets>.]</ety> <def>A funeral song; an elegy.</def>

<h1>Nenuphar</h1>
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<hw>Nen"u*phar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>n\'82nufar</ets>: cf. Sp. <ets>nen\'a3far</ets>, It. <ets>nenuf\'a0r</ets>; all fr. Per. <ets>n\'c6l<?/far</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The great white water lily of Europe; the <spn>Nymph\'91a alba</spn>.</def>

<h1>Neo-</h1>
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<hw>Ne"o-</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ youthful, new. See <er>New</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix meaning <i>new</i>, <i>recent</i>, <i>late</i>; and in chemistry designating specifically that variety of metameric hydrocarbons which, when the name was applied, had been <i>recently</i> classified, and in which at least one carbon atom in connected directly with four other carbon atoms; -- contrasted with <i>normal</i> and <i>iso-</i>; <as>as, <ex>neo</ex>pentane; the <ex>neo</ex>paraffins. Also used adjectively.</as></def>

<h1>Neocarida</h1>
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<hw>Ne`o*car"i*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. gr. <?/ new + <?/, <?/, a kind of crustacean.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The modern, or true, Crustacea, as distinguished from the Merostomata.</def>

<h1>Neocene</h1>
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<hw>Ne"o*cene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ new.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>More recent than the Eocene, that is, including both the Miocene and Pliocene divisions of the Tertiary.</def>

<h1>Neo-Christianity</h1>
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<hw>Ne`o-Chris*tian"i*ty</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neo-</ets> + <ets>Christianity</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rationalism.</def>

<h1>Neocomian</h1>
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<hw>Ne`o*co"mi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Neocomium</ets>, the Latin name of Neuchatel, in Switzerland, where these rocks occur.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A term applied to the lowest deposits of the Cretaceous or chalk formation of Europe, being the lower greensand.</def>

<h1>Neocomian</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne`o*co"mi*an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the lower greensand.</def>

<h1>Neocosmic</h1>
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<hw>Ne`o*cos"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neo-</ets> + <ets>cosmic</ets>.]</ety> <def>of or pertaining to the universe in its present state; specifically, pertaining to the races of men known to history.</def>

<h1>Neocracy</h1>
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<hw>Ne*oc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neo-</ets>+ <ets>-cracy</ets>, as in <ets>aristocracy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Government by new or inexperienced hands; upstart rule; raw or untried officials.</def>

<h1>Neodamode</h1>
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<hw>Ne*od"a*mode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ new + <?/, <grk>dh`mos</grk>, the people + <?/ shape.]</ety> <def>In ancient Sparta, one of those Helots who were freed by the state in reward for military service.</def>

<i>Milford.</i>

<h1>Neodymium</h1>
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<hw>Ne`o*dym"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Dee <er>Neo-</er>, and <er>Didymium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An elementary substance which forms one of the constituents of didymium. Symbol Nd. Atomic weight 140.8.</def>

<h1>Neog\'91an</h1>
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<hw>Ne`o*g\'91"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ earth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the New World, or Western Hemisphere.</def>

<h1>Neogamist</h1>
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<hw>Ne*og"a*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ newly married.]</ety> <def>A person recently married.</def>

<h1>Neogen</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neo-</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alloy resembling silver, and consisting chiefly of copper, zinc, and nickel, with small proportions of tin, aluminium, and bismuth.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Neography</h1>
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<hw>Ne*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neo-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A new method or system of writing.</def>

<h1>Neo-Latin</h1>
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<hw>Ne`o-Lat"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neo-</ets> + <ets>Latin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Applied to the Romance languages, as being mostly of Latin origin.</def>

<h1>Neolithic</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne`o*lith"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neo-</ets> + <ets>-lith</ets> + <ets>-ic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch\'91ol. & Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to, or designating, an era characterized by late remains in stone.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>Neolithic</b> era includes the latter half of the "Stone age;" the human relics which belong to it are associated with the remains of animals not yet extinct. The kitchen middens of Denmark, the lake dwellings of Switzerland, and the stockaded islands, or "crannogs," of the British Isles, belong to this era.
<i>Lubbock.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Neologian</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne`o*lo*gi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Neologic; neological.</def>

<h1>Neologian</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne`o*lo"gi*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A neologist.</def>

<h1>Neologianism</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne`o*lo"gi*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Neologism.</def>

<h1>Neologic, Neological</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw><hw>Ne`o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ne`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>n\'82ologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to neology; employing new words; of the nature of, or containing, new words or new doctrines.</def>

<blockquote>A genteel <b>neological</b> dictionary.
<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Neologically</h1>
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<hw>Ne`o*log"ic*al*ly</hw><def>, adv. In a neological manner.</def>

<h1>Neologism</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne*ol"o*gism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>n\'82ologisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The introduction of new words, or the use of old words in a new sense.</def>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A new word, phrase, or expression.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A new doctrine; specifically, rationalism.</def>

<h1>Neologist</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>n\'82ologiste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who introduces new word or new senses of old words into a language.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An innovator in any doctrine or system of belif, especially in theology; one who introduces or holds doctrines subversie of supernatural or revealed religion; a rationalist, so-called.</def>

<h1>Neologistic, Neologistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ne*ol`o*gis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ne*ol`o*gis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>of or pertaining to neology; neological.</def>

<h1>Neologization</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne*ol`o*gi*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of neologizing.</def>

<h1>Neologize</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne*ol"o*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To introduce or use new words or terms or new uses of old words.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To introduce innovations in doctrine, esp. in theological doctrine.</def>

<h1>Neology</h1>
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<hw>Ne*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neo-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>n\'82ologie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The introduction of a new word, or of words or significations, into a language; <as>as, the present nomenclature of chemistry is a remarkable instance of <ex>neology</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A new doctrine; esp. <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, a doctrine at variance with the received interpretation of revealed truth; a new method of theological interpretation; rationalism.</def>

<h1>Neomenia</h1>
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<hw>Ne`o*me"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ new + <?/ month.]</ety> <def>The time of the new moon; the beginning of the month in the lunar calendar.</def>

<h1>Neomenoidea</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne`o*me*noi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>Neomenia</ets>, a representative genus (See <er>Neomenia</er>) + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of vermiform gastropod mollusks, without a shell, belonging to the Isopleura.</def>

<h1>Neomorph</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne"o*morph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A structure, part, or organ developed independently, that is, not derived from a similar structure, part, or organ, in a pre existing form.</def>

<h1>Neonism</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne"o*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Neologism.</def>

<h1>Neonomian</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne`o*no"mi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neo-</ets> + gr. <?/ law.]</ety> <def>One who advocates adheres to new laws; esp. one who holds or believes that the gospel is a new law.</def>

<h1>Neonomian</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne`o*no"mi*an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Neonomians, or in accordance with their doctrines.</def>

<h1>Neonomianism</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne`o*no"mi*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrines or belief of the neonomians.</def>

<h1>Neophyte</h1>
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<hw>Ne"o*phyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>neophytis</ets>, Gr. <?/, prop., newly planted; <?/ new + <?/ grown, <?/ that which has grown, a plant, fr. <?/ to grow: cf. F. <ets>n\'82ophyte</ets>. See <er>New</er>, and <er>Be</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A new convert or proselyte; -- a name given by the early Christians, and still given by the Roman Catholics, to such as have recently embraced the Christian faith, and been admitted to baptism, esp. to converts from heathenism or Judaism.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A novice; a tyro; a beginner in anything.</def>

<h1>Neoplasia</h1>
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<hw>Ne`o*pla"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. gr. <?/ new + <?/ to form, mold.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. & Med.)</fld> <def>Growth or development of new material; neoplasty.</def>

<h1>Neoplasm</h1>
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<hw>Ne"o*plasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Neoplasia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. & Med.)</fld> <def>A new formation or tissue, the product of morbid action.</def>

<h1>Neoplastic</h1>
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<hw>Ne`o*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. & Med.)</fld> <def>of or pertaining to neoplasty, or neoplasia.</def>

<h1>Neoplasty</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne"o*plas`ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Neoplasia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. & Med.)</fld> <def>Restoration of a part by granulation, adhesive inflammation, or autoplasty.</def>

<h1>Neoplatonic</h1>
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<hw>Ne`o*pla"ton"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, Neoplatonism or the Neoplatonists.</def>

<h1>Neoplatonician</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne`o*pla`to*ni"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A neoplatonist.</def>

<h1>Neoplatonism</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne`o*pla"to*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neo-</ets> + <ets>Platonism</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pantheistic eclectic school of philosophy, of which Plotinus was the chief (<sc>A. D.</sc> 205-270), and which sought to reconcile the Platonic and Aristotelian systems with Oriental theosophy. It tended to mysticism and theurgy, and was the last product of Greek philosophy.</def>

<h1>Neoplatonist</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne`o*pla"to*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who held to Neoplatonism; a member of the Neoplatonic school.</def>

<h1>Neorama</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne`o*ra"ma</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ temple + <?/ a view.]</ety> <def>A panorama of the interior of a building, seen from within.</def>

<h1>Neossine</h1>
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<hw>Ne*os"sine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a bid's nest.]</ety> <def>The substance constituting the edible bird's nest.</def>

<h1>Neossology</h1>
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<hw>Ne`os*sol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a young bird + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The study of young birds.</def>

<h1>Neoteric, Neoterical</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw><hw>Ne`o*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ne`o*ter"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>neotericus</ets>, gr. <?/, fr. <?/, compar. of <?/ young, new.]</ety> <def>Recent in origin; modern; new.</def> "Our <i>neoteric</i> verbs."

<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i>

<blockquote>Some being ancient, others <b>neoterical</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Neoteric</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne`o*ter"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of modern times; a modern.</def>

<h1>Neoterically</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Neo`ter"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Recently; newly.</def>

<h1>Neoterism</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne*ot"er*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ innovation]</ety> <def>An innovation or novelty; a neoteric word or phrase.</def>

<h1>Neoterist</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne*ot"er*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One ho introduces new word<?/ or phrases.</def>

<i>Fitzed Hall.</i>

<h1>Neoterize</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne*ot"er*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Neoterized</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Neoterized</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to innovate.]</ety> <def>To innovate; to coin or introduce new words.</def>

<blockquote>Freely as we of the nineteenth century <b>neoterize</b>.
<i>fized. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Neotropical</h1>
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<hw>Ne`o*trop"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neo-</ets> + <ets>tropical</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geog. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or designating, a region of the earth's surface which comprises most of South America, the Antilles, and tropical North America.</def>

<h1>Neozoic</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne`o*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ life.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>More recent than the Paleozoic, -- that is, including the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.</def>

<h1>Nep</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Nep</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>Nepeta</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Catnip.</def>

<h1>Nepa</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne"pa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nepa</ets> scorpion.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of aquatic hemipterus insects. The species feed upon other insects and are noted for their voracity; -- called also <altname>scorpion bug</altname> and <altname>water scorpion</altname>.</def>

<h1>Nepaulese</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Nep`au*lese"</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Nepaul, a kingdom in Northern Hindostan.</def> -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def>A native or natives of Nepaul.</def></def2><-- now = Nepalese -->

<h1>Nepenthe</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne*pen"the</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Fr. Gr. <?/ removing all sorrow; hence, an epithet of an Egyptian drug which lulled sorrow for the day; <?/ not + <?/ sorrow, grief.]</ety> <def>A drug used by the ancients to give relief from pain and sorrow; -- by some supposed to have been opium or hasheesh. Hence, anything soothing and comforting.</def>

<blockquote>Lulled with the sweet <b>nepenthe</b> of a court.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Quaff, O quaff this kind <b>nepenthe</b>.
<i>Poe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nepenthes</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Ne*pen"thes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Nepenthe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Same as <er>Nepenthe</er>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of climbing plants found in India, Malaya, etc., which have the leaves prolonged into a kind of stout tendril terminating in a pitcherlike appendage, whence the plants are often called <i>pitcher plants</i> and <i>monkey-cups</i>. There are about thirty species, of which the best known is <i>Nepenthes distillatoria</i>. See <er>Pitcher plant</er>.</def>

<h1>Nepeta</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Nep"e*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of labiate plants, including the catnip and ground ivy.</def>

<h1>Nephalism</h1>
<Xpage=970>

<hw>Neph"a*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ soberness, fr. <?/ sober, <?/ to drink no wine: cf. F. <ets>n\'82phalisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Total abstinence from spirituous liquor.</def>

<hr>
<page="971">
Page 971<p>

<h1>Nephalist</h1>
<Xpage=971>

<hw>Neph"a*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>n\'82phaliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who advocates or practices nephalism.</def>

<h1>Nepheline, Nephelite</h1>
<Xpage=971>

<hw><hw>Neph"e*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Neph"e*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[gr. <?/ cloud: cf. F. <ets>n\'82ph\'82line</ets>. Cf. <er>Nebula</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occuring at Vesuvius, in glassy agonal crystals; also elsewhere, in grayish or greenish masses having a greasy luster, as the variety el\'91olite. It is a silicate of aluminia, soda, and potash.</def>

<h1>Nephelodometer</h1>
<Xpage=971>

<hw>Neph`e*lo*dom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a cloud + <?/ way + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Meteorol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for reckoning the distances or velocities of clouds.</def>

<h1>Nephelometer</h1>
<Xpage=971>

<hw>Neph`e*lom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a cloud + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring or registering the amount of cloudiness.</def>

<h1>Nephew</h1>
<Xpage=971>

<hw>Neph"ew</hw> <tt>(?; <it>in England</it> <?/; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>neveu</ets>, <ets>nevou</ets>, <ets>nevu</ets>, fr. F. <ets>neveu</ets>, OF. also, <ets>nevou</ets>, L. <ets>nepos</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>nefa</ets>, D. <ets>neef</ets>, G. <ets>neffe</ets>, OHG. nevo, Icel. <ets>nefi</ets> a kinsman, gr. <?/, pl., brood, young, Skr. <ets>nep\'bet</ets> grandson, descendant. &root;262. Cf. <er>Niece</er>, <er>Nepotism</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A grandson or grandchild, or remoter lineal descendant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>But if any widow have children or <b>nephews</b> [Rev. Ver. <b>grandchildren</b>,].
<i>1 Tim. v. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If naturalists say true that <b>nephews</b> are often liker to their grandfathers than to their fathers.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cousin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The son of a brother or a sister, or of a brother-in-law or sister-in-law.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nephilim</h1>
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<hw>Neph"i*lim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>n<?/ph\'c6l\'c6m</ets>.]</ety> <def>Giants.</def>

<i>Gen. vi. 4.  Num. xiii. 33.</i>

<h1>Nephoscope</h1>
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<hw>Neph"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a cloud + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Meteorol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for observing the clouds and their velocity.</def>

<h1>Nephralgia, Nephralgy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ne*phral"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ne*phral"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>nephralgia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a kidney + <?/ pain: cf. F. <ets>n\'82phralgie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Neuralgia of the kidneys; a disease characterized by pain in the region of the kidneys without any structural lesion of the latter.</def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<h1>Nephridial</h1>
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<hw>Ne*phrid"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l. & Anat.)</fld> <def>of or pertaining to a nephridium.</def>

<h1>Nephridium</h1>
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<hw>Ne*phrid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nephridia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. gr. <?/ of the <ets>kidneys</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l. & Anat.)</fld> <def>A segmental tubule; one of the tubules of the primitive urinogenital organs; a segmental organ. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Loeven's larva</er>.</def>

<h1>Nephrite</h1>
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<hw>Neph"rite</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>n\'82phrite</ets>. See <er>Nephritis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hard compact mineral, of a dark green color, formerly worn as a remedy for diseases of the kidneys, whence its name; kidney stone; a kind of jade. See <er>Jade</er>.</def><-- varies in color from white to dark green.  It is the more common and less valuable variety of jade, the other being jadeite.  [MW10] Large deposits are found in Australia. Called also nephritic stone. -->

<h1>Nephritic, Nephritical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ne*phrit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ne*phrit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nephriticus</ets>, gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>n\'82phr\'82tique</ets>. See <er>Nephritis</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the kidneys or urinary organs; renal; <as>as, a <ex>nephritic</ex> disease</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Affected with a disease of the kidneys; <as>as, a <ex>nephritic</ex> patient</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Relieving disorders of the kidneys; affecting the kidneys; <as>as, a <ex>nephritic</ex> medicine</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Nephritic stone</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>nephrite; jade. See <er>Nephrite</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nephritic</h1>
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<hw>Ne*phrit"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine adapted to relieve or cure disease of the kidneys.</def>

<h1>Nephritis</h1>
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<hw>Ne*phri"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), fr. <?/ a kidney.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inflammation of the kidneys.</def>

<h1>nephrolithic</h1>
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<hw>neph`ro*lith"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a kidney + <ets>-lith + ic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>of or pertaining to gravel, or renal calculi.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Nephrology</h1>
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<hw>Ne*phrol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a kidney + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on, or the science which treats of, the kidneys, and their structure and functions.</def>

<h1>Nephrostome</h1>
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<hw>Neph"ro*stome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a kidney + mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l. & Anat.)</fld> <def>The funnelshaped opening of a nephridium into the body cavity.</def>

<h1>Nephrotomy</h1>
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<hw>Ne*phrot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a kidney + <?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>n\'82phrotomie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Extraction of stone from the kidney by cutting.</def>

<h1>Nepotal</h1>
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<hw>Nep"o*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to a nephew.</def>

<h1>Nepotic</h1>
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<hw>Ne*pot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>nepotism</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to npotism.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>nepotic</b> ambition of the ruling pontiff.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nepotism</h1>
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<hw>Nep"o*tism</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nepus</ets>, <ets>nepotus</ets>, nephew: cf. F. <ets>n\'82potisme</ets>. See <er>Nephew</er>.]</ety> <def>Undue attachment to relations; favoritism shown to members of one's family; bestowal of patronage in consideration of relationship, rather than of merit or of legal claim.</def>

<blockquote>From <b>nepotism</b> Alexander V. was safe; for he was without kindred or relatives. But there was another perhaps more fatal <b>nepotism</b>, which turned the tide of popularity against him -- the <b>nepotism</b> of his order.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nepotist</h1>
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<hw>Nep"o*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices nepotism.</def>

<h1>Neptune</h1>
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<hw>Nep"tune</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Neptunus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>The son of Saturn and Ops, the god of the waters, especially of the sea.  He is represented as bearing a trident for a scepter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The remotest known planet of our system, discovered -- as a result of the computations of Leverrier, of Paris -- by Galle, of Berlin, September 23, 1846. Its mean distance from the sun is about 2,775,000,000 miles, and its period of revolution is about 164,78 years.</def>
<-- now Pluto is the remotest "planet", but recently (1996) the question has been raised whether Pluto can be called a "planet", so this may still be correct! -->

<cs><col>Neptune powder</col>, <cd>an explosive containing nitroglycerin, -- used in blasting.</cd> -- <col>Neptune's cup</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large, cup-shaped, marine sponge (<spn>Thalassema Neptuni</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Neptunian</h1>
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<hw>Nep*tu"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Neptunius</ets> belonging to Neptune: cf. F. <ets>neptunien</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the ocean or sea.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Formed by water or aqueous solution; <as>as, <ex>Neptunian</ex> rocks</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Neptunian races</col> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>, <cd>the Malay and Polynesian races.</cd> -- <col>Neptunian theory</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the theory of Werner, which referred the formation of all rocks and strata to the agency of water; -- opposed to the <i>Plutonic<i> theory.</cd></cs>

<h1>Neptunian, Neptunist</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nep*tu"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nep"tu*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>neptinien</ets>, <ets>neptuniste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>One who adopts the neptunian theory.</def>

<h1>Neptunicentric</h1>
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<hw>Nep*tu`ni*cen"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neptune</ets> + <ets>centric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>As seen from Neptune, or having Neptune as a center; <as>as, <ex>Neptunicentric</ex> longitude or force</as>.</def>

<h1>Neptunium</h1>
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<hw>Nep*tu"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A new metallic element, of doubtful genuineness and uncertain indentification, said to exist in certain minerals, as columbite.</def><-- a radioactive element, produced in reactors from Pt or U; At. num. = 93, Sym. Np, At. Wt. 237.0482 [MW10] -->

<i>Hermann.</i>

<h1>Ner</h1>
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<hw>Ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <def>nearer. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Nerre</er>.</def>

<h1>Nere</h1>
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<hw>Nere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>ne were</ets>.]</ety> <def>Were not.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nereid</h1>
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<hw>Ne"re*id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Nereids</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Nereides</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>Nereis</ets>, <ets>-idis</ets>, gr. <?/ <?/, <?/, a daughter of Nereus, a nymph of the sea, fr. <?/ Nereus, an ancient sea god; akin to <?/ wet, Skr. <ets>n\'bera</ets> water, cf. Gr. <?/ to flow.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A sea nymph, one of the daughters of Nereus, who were attendants upon Neptune, and were represented as riding on sea horses, sometimes with the human form entire, and sometimes with the tail of a fish.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of Nereis. The word is sometimes used for similar annelids of other families.</def>

<h1>Nereidian</h1>
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<hw>Ne`re*id"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any annelid resembling Nereis, or of the family <spn>Lycorid\'91</spn> or allied families.</def>

<h1>Nereis</h1>
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<hw>Ne"re*is</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nereides</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A Nereid. See <er>Nereid</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus, including numerous species, of marine ch\'91topod annelids, having a well-formed head, with two pairs of eyes, antenn\'91, four pairs of tentacles, and a protrusile pharynx, armed with a pair of hooked jaws.</def>
<-- Illustr. of Nereis (Nereis Pelagica) -->

<h1>Nereites</h1>
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<hw>Ne"re*ites</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Fossil tracks of annelids.</def>

<h1>Nereocystis</h1>
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<hw>Ne`re*o*cys"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Nereid</er>, and <er>Cyst</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of gigantic seaweeds.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Nereocystis Lutkeana</i>, of the North Pacific, has a stem many fathoms long, terminating in a great vesicle, which is crowned with a tuft of long leaves. The stem is used by the Alaskans for fishing lines.</note>

<h1>Nerfling</h1>
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<hw>Nerf"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The id.</def>

<h1>Nerita</h1>
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<hw>Ne*ri"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a sort of sea mussel, gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine gastropods, mostly natives of warm climates.</def>

<h1>Nerite</h1>
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<hw>Ner"ite</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any mollusk of the genus Nerita.</def>

<h1>Neritina</h1>
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<hw>Ner`i*ti"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus including numerous species of shells resembling Nerita in form. They mostly inhabit brackish water, and are often delicately tinted.</def>

<h1>Nero</h1>
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<hw>Ne"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Roman emperor notorius for debauchery and barbarous cruelty; hence, any profligate and cruel ruler or merciless tyrant.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ne*ro"ni*an</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Neroli</h1>
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<hw>Ner"o*li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>n\'82roli</ets>, said to be from the name of an Italian princess.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An essential oil obtained by distillation from the flowers of the orange. It has a strong odor, and is used in perfumery, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Neroli camphor</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white crystalline waxy substance, tasteless and odorless, obtained from beroli oil; -- called also <altname>auradin</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nerre</h1>
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<hw>Ner"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Near</er>.]</ety> <def>Nearer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>neer</asp>, <asp>ner</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Never the neer</col>, <cd>never the nearer; no nearer. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Nervate</h1>
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<hw>Nerv"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Nerved.</def>

<h1>Nervation</h1>
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<hw>Ner*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The arrangement of nerves and veins, especially those of leaves; neuration.</def>

<blockquote>The outlines of the fronds of ferns, and their <b>nervation</b>, are frail characters if employed alone for the determination of existing genera.
<i>J. D. Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nerve</h1>
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<hw>Nerve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nerfe</ets>, F. <ets>nerf</ets>, L. <ets>nervus</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/ sinew, nerve; cf. <?/ string, bowstring; perh. akin to E. <ets>needle</ets>. Cf. <er>Neuralgia</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the whitish and elastic bundles of fibers, with the accompanying tissues, which transmit nervous impulses between nerve centers and various parts of the animal body.</def>

<note>&hand; An ordinary nerve is made up of several bundles of nerve fibers, each bundle inclosed in a special sheath (the <i>perineurium</i>) and all bound together in a connective tissue sheath and framework (the <i>epineurium</i>) containing blood vessels and lymphatics.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sinew or a tendon.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Physical force or steadiness; muscular power and control; constitutional vigor.</def>

<blockquote>he led me on to mightiest deeds,
Above the <b>nerve</b> of mortal arm.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Steadiness and firmness of mind; self-command in personal danger, or under suffering; unshaken courage and endurance; coolness; pluck; resolution.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Audacity; assurance.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the principal fibrovascular bundles or ribs of a leaf, especially when these extend straight from the base or the midrib of the leaf.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the nervures, or veins, in the wings of insects.</def>

<cs><col>Nerve cell</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one of the nucleated cells with which nerve fibers are connected; a ganglion cell.</cd><-- = neuron, a word listed only in a different sens in W1913 --> -- <col>Nerve fiber</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one of the fibers of which nerves are made up. These fibers are either <stype>medullated</stype> or <stype>nonmedullated</stype>. in both kinds the essential part is the translucent threadlike <i>axis cylinder<i> which is continuous the whole length of the fiber.</cd> -- <col>Nerve stretching</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the operation of stretching a nerve in order to remedy diseases such as tetanus, which are supposed to be influenced by the condition of the nerve or its connections.</cd></cs><-- #!? -->

<h1>Nerve</h1>
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<hw>Nerve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nerved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nerving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To give strength or vigor to; to supply with force; <as>as, fear <ex>nerved</ex> his arm</as>.</def>

<h1>Nerved</h1>
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<hw>Nerved</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having nerves of a special character; <as>as, weak-<ex>nerved</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having nerves, or simple and parallel ribs or veins.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Nerveless</h1>
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<hw>Nerve"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of nerves.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Destitute of strength or of courage; wanting vigor; weak; powerless.</def>

<blockquote>A kingless people for a <b>nerveless</b> state.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Awaking, all <b>nerveless</b>, from an ugly dream.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nervelessness</h1>
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<hw>Nerve"less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being nerveless.</def>

<h1>Nerve-shaken</h1>
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<hw>Nerve"-shak`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected by a tremor, or by a nervous disease; weakened; overcome by some violent influence or sensation; shoked.</def>

<h1>Nervimotion</h1>
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<hw>Ner`vi*mo"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nerve</ets> + <ets>motion</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The movement caused in the sensory organs by external agents and transmitted to the muscles by the nerves.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Nervimotor</h1>
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<hw>Ner`vi*mo"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nerve</ets> + <ets>motor</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Any agent capable of causing nervimotion.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Nervine</h1>
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<hw>Nerv"ine</hw> <tt>(?; 277)<tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nervinus</ets> made of sinews: cf.F. <ets>nervin</ets>. See <er>Nerve</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having the quality of acting upon or affecting the nerves; quieting nervous excitement.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A nervine agent.</def></def2>

<h1>Nervomuscular</h1>
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<hw>Ner`vo*mus"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nerve</ets> + <ets>muscular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to both nerves and muscles; of the nature of nerves and muscles; <as>as, <ex>nervomuscular</ex> energy</as>.</def>

<h1>Nervose</h1>
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<hw>Ner*vose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Nervous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Nerved</er>.</def>

<h1>Nervosity</h1>
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<hw>Ner*vos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nervositas</ets> strength.]</ety> <def>Nervousness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Nervous</h1>
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<hw>Nerv"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nervosus</ets> sinewy, vigorous: cf. F. <ets>nerveux</ets>. See <er>Nerve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>possessing nerve; sinewy; strong; vigorous.</def> "<i>Nervous</i> arms."

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Possessing or manifesting vigor of mind; characterized by strength in sentiment or style; forcible; spirited; <as>as, a <ex>nervous</ex> writer</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the nerves; seated in the nerves; <as>as, <ex>nervous</ex> excitement; a <ex>nervous</ex> fever.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Having the nerves weak, diseased, or easily excited; subject to, or suffering from, undue excitement of the nerves; easily agitated or annoyed.</def>

<blockquote>Poor, weak, <b>nervous</b> creatures.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Sensitive; excitable; timid.</def>
<-- This corresponds to two senses in MW10: easily excited = jumpy; timid, apprehensive -->

<blockquote>Our aristocratic class does not firmly protest against the unfair treatment of Irish Catholics, because it is <b>nervous</b> about the land.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Nervous fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a low form of fever characterized by great disturbance of the nervous system, as evinced by delirium, or stupor, disordered sensibility, etc.</cd> -- <col>Nervous system</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the specialized co\'94rdinating apparatus which endows animals with sensation and volition. In vertebrates it is often divided into three systems: the <i>central<i>, brain and spinal cord; the <i>peripheral<i>, cranial and spinal nerves; and the <i>sympathetic<i>. See <er>Brain</er>, <er>Nerve</er>, <cref>Spinal cord</cref>, under <er>Spinal</er>, and <cref>Sympathetic system</cref>, under <er>Sympathetic</er>, and <i>Illust<i>. in Appendix.</cd> -- <col>Nervous temperament</col>, <cd>a condition of body characterized by a general predominance of mental manifestations.</cd></cs>

<i>Mayne.</i>

<h1>Nervously</h1>
<Xpage=971>

<hw>Nerv"ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a nervous manner.</def>

<h1>Nervousness</h1>
<Xpage=971>

<hw>Nerv"ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or quality of being nervous.</def>

<h1>Nervure</h1>
<Xpage=971>

<hw>Nerv"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Nerve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the nerves of leaves.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the chitinous supports, or veins, in the wings of incests.</def>

<h1>Nervy</h1>
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<hw>Nerv"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Nervier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl. -</tt> <er>iest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Strong; sinewy.</def> "His <i>nervy</i> knees."

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Nescience</h1>
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<hw>Nes"cience</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nescientia</ets>, fr. <ets>nesciens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>nescire</ets> not to know; <ets>ne</ets> not + <ets>scire</ets> to know.]</ety> <def>Want of knowledge; ignorance; agnosticism.</def>

<blockquote>God fetched it about for me, in that absence and <b>nescience</b> of mine.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nese</h1>
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<hw>Nese</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Nose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers plowman.</i>

<h1>Nesh</h1>
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<hw>Nesh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hnesc</ets>, <ets>hn\'91sc</ets>, akin to Goth. <ets>hnasqus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Soft; tender; delicate.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Ness</h1>
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<hw>Ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>n\'91s</ets>, <ets>ns</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>nes</ets>, Sw. <ets>n\'84s</ets>, Dan. <ets>n\'91s</ets>, and E. <ets>nose</ets>. &root; 261. See <er>Nose</er>.]</ety> <def>A promontory; a cape; a headland.</def>

<i>Hakluyt.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Ness</i> is frequently used as a suffix in the names of places and promontories; as, Sheer<i>ness</i>.</note>

<h1>-ness</h1>
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<hw>-ness</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[AS. <ets>-ness</ets>, <ets>-nyss</ets>, <ets>-nys</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>-nissi</ets>, <ets>nussi</ets>, D. <ets>-nis</ets>, OHG. <ets>-nissa</ets>, <ets>-nass\'c6</ets>, <ets>-nuss\'c6</ets>, G. <ets>-nis</ets>, <ets>-niss</ets>, Goth. <ets>-inasus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix used to form abstract nouns expressive of <i>quality</i> or <i>state</i>; <as>as, good<ex>ness</ex>, great<ex>ness</ex></as>.

<h1>Nesslerize</h1>
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<hw>Ness"ler*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Nessler</ets>, the chemist.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To treat or test, as a liquid, with a solution of mercuric iodide in potassium iodide and potassium hydroxide, which is called <i>Nessler's solution</i> or <i>Nessler's test</i>, and is used to detect the presence of ammonia.</def>

<hr>
<page="972">
Page 972<p>

<h1>Nest</h1>
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<hw>Nest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>nest</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>nest</ets>, Sw. <ets>n\'84ste</ets>, L. <ets>nidus</ets>, for <ets>nisdus</ets>, Skr. <ets>n\'c6<?/a</ets> resting place, nest; cf. Lith. <ets>lizdas</ets>, Arm. <ets>neiz</ets>, Gael. & Ir. <ets>nead</ets>. Prob. from the particle <ets>ni</ets> down, Skr. <ets>ni</ets> + the root of E. <ets>sit</ets>, and thus orig., a place to sit down in. &root; 264. See <er>Nether</er>, and <er>Sit</er>, and cf. <er>Eyas</er>, <er>Nidification</er>, <er>Nye</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The bed or receptacle prepared by a fowl for holding her eggs and for hatching and rearing her young.</def>

<blockquote>The birds of the air have nests.
<i>Matt. viii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: the place in which the eggs of other animals, as insects, turtles, etc., are laid and hatched; a snug place in which young animals are reared.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A snug, comfortable, or cozy residence or situation; a retreat, or place of habitual resort; hence, those who occupy a nest, frequent a haunt, or are associated in the same pursuit; <as>as, a <ex>nest</ex> of traitors; a <ex>nest</ex> of bugs.</as></def>

<blockquote>A little cottage, like some poor man's <b>nest</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An aggregated mass of any ore or mineral, in an isolated state, within a rock.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A collection of boxes, cases, or the like, of graduated size, each put within the one next larger.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A compact group of pulleys, gears, springs, etc., working together or collectively.</def>

<cs><col>Nest egg</col>, <cd>an egg left in the nest to prevent the hen from forsaking it, and to induce her to lay more in the same place; hence, figuratively, something laid up as the beginning of a fund or collection.</cd></cs>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Nest</h1>
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<hw>Nest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To build and occupy a nest.</def>

<blockquote>The king of birds <b>nested</b> within his leaves.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nest</h1>
<Xpage=972>

<hw>Nest</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put into a nest; to form a nest for.</def>

<blockquote>From him who <b>nested</b> himself into the chief power.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nestful</h1>
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<hw>Nest"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nestfuls</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>As much or many as will fill a nest.</def>

<h1>Nestle</h1>
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<hw>Nes"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nestled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nestling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>nestlian</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make and occupy a nest; to nest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The kingfisher ... <b>nestles</b> in hollow banks.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lie close and snug, as a bird in her nest; to cuddle up; to settle, as in a nest; to harbor; to take shelter.</def>

<blockquote>Their purpose was to fortify in some strong place of the wild country, and there <b>nestle</b> till succors came.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To move about in one's place, like a bird when shaping the interior of her nest or a young bird getting close to the parent; <as>as, a child <ex>nestles</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Nestle</h1>
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<hw>Nes"tle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To house, as in a nest.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cherish, as a bird her young.</def>

<h1>Nestling</h1>
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<hw>Nes"tling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A young bird which has not abandoned the nest.</def>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A nest; a receptacle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Nestling</h1>
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<hw>Nes"tling</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Newly hatched; being yet in the nest.</def>

<h1>Nestor</h1>
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<hw>Nes"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of parrots with gray heads. of New Zeland and papua, allied to the cockatoos. See <er>Kaka</er>.</def>

<h1>Nestorian</h1>
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<hw>Nes*to"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>An adherent of <i>Nestorius</i>, patriarch of Constantinople to the fifth century, who has condemned as a heretic for maintaining that the divine and the human natures were not merged into one nature in Christ (who was God in man), and, hence, that it was improper to call Mary the <i>mother of Christ</i>; also, one of the sect established by the followers of Nestorius in Persia, india, and other Oriental countries, and still in existence. opposed to <ant>Eutychian</ant>.</def>

<h1>Nestorian</h1>
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<hw>Nes*to"ri*an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or relating to the Nestorians.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>relating to, or resembling, <i>Nestor</i>, the aged warior and counselor mentioned by Homer; hence, wise; experienced; aged; <as>as, <ex>Nestorian</ex> caution</as>.</def>

<h1>Nestorianism</h1>
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<hw>Nes*to"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrines of the nestorian Christians, or of Nestorius.</def>

<h1>Ney</h1>
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<hw>Ney</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>net</ets>; akin to D. <ets>net</ets>, OS. <ets>net</ets>, <ets>netti</ets>, OHG. <ets>nezzi</ets>, G. <ets>netz</ets>, Icel. & Dan. <ets>net</ets>, Sw. <ets>n\'84t</ets>, Goth. <ets>nati</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fabric of twine, thread, or the like, wrought or woven into meshes, and used for catching fish, birds, butterflies, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything designed or fitted to entrap or catch; a snare; any device for catching and holding.</def>

<blockquote>A man that flattereth his neighbor spreadeth a <b>net</b> for his feet.
<i>Prov. xxix. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In the church's <b>net</b> there are fishes good or bad.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything wrought or woven in meshes; <as>as, a <ex>net</ex> for the hair; a mosquito <ex>net</ex>; a tennis <ex>net</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A figure made up of a large number of straight lines or curves, which are connected at certain points and related to each other by some specified law.</def>

<h1>Net</h1>
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<hw>Net</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Netted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Netting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make into a net; to make n the style of network; <as>as, to <ex>net</ex> silk</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take in a net; to capture by stratagem or wile.</def>

<blockquote>And now I am here, <b>netted</b> and in the toils.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To inclose or cover with a net; <as>as, to <ex>net</ex> a tree</as>.</def>

<h1>Net</h1>
<Xpage=972>

<hw>Net</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form network or netting; to knit.</def>

<h1>Net</h1>
<Xpage=972>

<hw>Net</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Neat</er> clean.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without spot; pure; shining.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Her breast all naked as <b>net</b> ivory.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free from extraneous substances; pure; unadulterated; neat; <as>as, <ex>net</ex> wine, etc.</as></def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not including superfluous, incidental, or foreign matter, as boxes, coverings, wraps, etc.; free from charges, deductions, etc; <as>as, <ex>net</ex> profit; <ex>net</ex> income; <ex>net</ex> weight, etc.</as></def> <altsp>[Less properly written <asp>nett</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Net tonnage</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the tonnage of a vessel after a deduction from the gross tonnage has been made, to allow space for crew, machinery, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Net</h1>
<Xpage=972>

<hw>Net</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Netted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Netting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To produce or gain as clear profit; <as>as, he <ex>netted</ex> a thousand dollars by the operation</as>.</def>

<h1>Netfish</h1>
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<hw>Net"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An astrophyton.</def>

<h1>Nether</h1>
<Xpage=972>

<hw>Neth"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nethere</ets>, <ets>neithere</ets>, AS. <ets>ni<?/era</ets>, fr. the adv. <ets>ni<?/er</ets> downward; akin to <ets>neo<?/an</ets> below, beneath, D. <ets>neder</ets> down, G. <ets>nieder</ets>, Sw. <ets>nedre</ets> below, nether, a. & adv., and also to Skr. <ets>ni</ets> down. &root;201. Cf. <er>Beneath</er>.]</ety> <def>Situated down or below; lying beneath, or in the lower part; having a lower position; belonging to the region below; lower; under; -- opposed to <i>upper</i>.</def>

<blockquote>'Twixt upper, <b>nether</b>, and surrounding fires.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This darksome <b>nether</b> world her light
Doth dim with horror and deformity.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All my <b>nether</b> shape thus grew transformed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Neithermore</h1>
<Xpage=972>

<hw>Neith"er*more`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lower, nether.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Nethermost</h1>
<Xpage=972>

<hw>Neth"er*most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ni</ets>(<?/)emest. See <er>Nether</er>, and cf. <er>Aftermost</er>.]</ety> <def>Lowest; <as>as, the <ex>nethermost</ex> abyss</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Nethinim</h1>
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<hw>Neth"i*nim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Heb., pl. of <ets>n\'beth\'c6n</ets> given, granted, a slave of the temple, fr. <ets>n\'bethan</ets> to give.]</ety> <fld>(jewish Antiq.)</fld> <def>Servants of the priests and Levites in the menial services about the tabernacle and temple.</def>

<h1>Netify</h1>
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<hw>Net"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Net</ets>, a. + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To render neat; to clean; to put in order.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Netting</h1>
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<hw>Net"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Net</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of making nets or network, or of forming meshes, as for fancywork, fishing nets, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of network; any fabric, made of cords, threads, wires, or the like, crossing one another with open spaces between.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A network of ropes used for various purposes, as for holding the hammocks when not in use, also for stowing sails, and for hoisting from the gunwale to the rigging to hinder an enemy from boarding.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<cs><col>Netting needle</col>, <cd>a kind of slender shuttle used in netting. See <er>Needle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd></cs>

<h1>Netting</h1>
<Xpage=972>

<hw>Net"ting</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Urine.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Nettle</h1>
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<hw>Net"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>netele</ets>; akin to D. <ets>netel</ets>, G. <ets>nessel</ets>, OHG. <ets>nezz\'8bla</ets>, <ets>nazza</ets>, Dan. <ets>nelde</ets>, <ets>n\'84lde</ets>, Sw. <ets>n\'84ssla</ets>; cf, Lith. <ets>notere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Urtica</spn>, covered with minute sharp hairs containing a poison that produces a stinging sensation. <spn>Urtica gracitis</spn> is common in the Northern, and <spn>U. cham\'91dryoides</spn> in the Southern, United States. the common European species, <spn>U. urens</spn> and <spn>U. dioica</spn>, are also found in the Eastern united States. <spn>U. pilulifera</spn> is the Roman nettle of England.</def>

<note>&hand; The term nettle has been given to many plants related to, or to some way resembling, the true nettle; as: <col>Australian nettle</col>, <cd>a stinging tree or shrub of the genus <spn>Laportea</spn> (as <spn>L. gigas</spn> and <spn>L. moroides</spn>); -- also called <altname>nettle tree</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Bee nettle</col>, <col>Hemp nettle</col></mcol>, <cd>a species of <spn>Galeopsis</spn>.</cd> See under <er>Hemp</er>. -- <mcol><col>Blind nettle</col>, <col>Dead nettle</col></mcol>, <cd>a harmless species of <spn>Lamium</spn>.</cd> -- <col>False nettle</col> <cd>(<spn>B\'91hmeria cylindrica</spn>), a plant common in the United States, and related to the true nettles.</cd> -- <col>Hedge nettle</col>, <cd>a species of <spn>Stachys</spn>.</cd> See under <er>Hedge</er>. -- <col>Horse nettle</col> <cd>(<spn>Solanum Carolinense</spn>).</cd> See under <er>Horse</er>. -- <col>nettle tree</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Same as <er>Hackberry</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Australian nettle</cref> (above).</cd> -- <col>Spurge nettle</col>, <cd>a stinging American herb of the Spurge family (<spn>Jatropha urens</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Wood nettle</col>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Laportea Canadensis</spn>) which stings severely, and is related to the true nettles.</cd></note>

<cs><col>Nettle cloth</col>, <cd>a kind of thick cotton stuff, japanned, and used as a substitute for leather for various purposes.</cd> -- <col>Nettle rash</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an eruptive disease resembling the effects of whipping with nettles.</cd> -- <col>Sea nettle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a medusa.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nettle</h1>
<Xpage=972>

<hw>Net"tle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nettled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nettling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To fret or sting; to irritate or vex; to cause to experience sensations of displeasure or uneasiness not amounting to violent anger.</def>

<blockquote>The princes were so <b>nettled</b> at the scandal of this affront, that every man took it to himself.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nettlebird</h1>
<Xpage=972>

<hw>Net"tle*bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>the European whitethroat.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Nettler</h1>
<Xpage=972>

<hw>Net"tler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who nettles.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Nettles</h1>
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<hw>Net"tles</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Knittle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The halves of yarns in the unlaid end of a rope twisted for pointing or grafting.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Small lines used to sling hammocks under the deck beams.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Reef points.</def>

<h1>Nettling</h1>
<Xpage=972>

<hw>Net"tling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Rope Making)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A process (resembling splicing) by which two ropes are jointed end so as to form one rope.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The process of tying together the ends of yarns in pairs, to prevent tangling.</def>

<h1>Nettling</h1>
<Xpage=972>

<hw>Net"tling</hw>, <tt>p. pr. & a.</tt> <def>Stinging; irritating.</def>

<cs><col>Nettling cell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a lasso cell. See under <er>Lasso</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Netty</h1>
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<hw>Net"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a net, or network; netted.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Net-veined</h1>
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<hw>Net"-veined`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having veins, or nerves, reticulated or netted; <as>as, a <ex>net-veined</ex> wing or leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Network</h1>
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<hw>Net"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fabric of threads, cords, or wires crossing each other at certain intervals, and knotted or secured at the crossings, thus leaving spaces or meshes between them.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any system of lines or channels interlacing or crossing like the fabric of a net; <as>as, a <ex>network</ex> of veins; a <ex>network</ex> of railroads.</as></def>

<h1>Neurad</h1>
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<hw>Neu"rad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ nerve + L. <ets>ad</ets> to.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Toward the neural side; -- opposed to <i>h\'91mad</i>.</def>

<h1>Neural</h1>
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<hw>Neu"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ nerve.]</ety> <fld>(Anat. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>relating to the nerves or nervous system; taining to, situated in the region of, or on the side with, the neural, or cerebro-spinal, axis; -- opposed to <i>hemal</i>. As applied to vertebrates, <i>neural</i> is the same as <i>dorsal</i>; as applied to invertebrates it is usually the same as <i>ventral</i>. Cf. <er>Hemal</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Neural arch</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the cartilaginous or bony arch on the dorsal side of the centrum of the vertebra in a segment of the spinal skeleton, usually inclosing a segment of the spinal cord.</cd></cs>

<h1>Neuralgia</h1>
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<hw>Neu*ral"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from gr. <?/ nerve + <?/ pain. See <er>nerve</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease, the chief symptom of which is a very acute pain, exacerbating or intermitting, which follows the course of a nervous branch, extends to its ramifications, and seems therefore to be seated in the nerve. It seems to be independent of any structural lesion.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Neuralgic</h1>
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<hw>Neu*ral"gic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>of or pertaining to, or having the character of, neuralgia; <as>as, a <ex>neuralgic</ex> headache</as>.</def>

<h1>Neuralgy</h1>
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<hw>Neu*ral"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Neuralgia.</def>

<h1>Neurapophysial</h1>
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<hw>Neu*rap`o*phys"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>of or pertaining to a neurapophysis.</def>

<h1>Neurapophysis</h1>
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<hw>Neu`ra*poph"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Neurapophyses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Neuro-</er>, and <er>Apophysis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the two lateral processes or elements which form the neural arch.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The dorsal process of the neural arch; neural spine; spinous process.</def>

<h1>Neurasthenia</h1>
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<hw>Neu*ras`the*ni"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ nerve + <?/ weakness.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition of nervous debility supposed to be dependent upon impairment in the functions of the spinal cord.</def>

<h1>Neuration</h1>
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<hw>Neu*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The arrangement or distribution of nerves, as in the leaves of a plant or the wings of an insect; nervation.</def>

<h1>Neuraxis</h1>
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<hw>Neu*rax"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neuro-</ets> + <ets>axis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Axis cylinder</cref>, under <er>Axis</er>.</def>

<h1>Neurenteric</h1>
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<hw>Neu`ren*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neuro-</ets> + <ets>enteric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to both the neuron and the enteron; <as>as, the <ex>neurenteric</ex> canal, which, in embroys of many vertebrates, connects the medullary tube and the primitive intestine</as>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Ectoderm</er>.</def>

<h1>Neuridin</h1>
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<hw>Neu"ri*din</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Neurine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>a nontoxic base, <chform>C5H14N2</chform>, found in the putrescent matters of flesh, fish, decaying cheese, etc.</def>

<h1>Neurilemma</h1>
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<hw>Neu`ri*lem"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from gr. <?/ nerve + <?/ peel, skin.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The delicate outer sheath of a nerve fiber; the primitive sheath.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The perineurium.</def>

<h1>Neurility</h1>
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<hw>Neu*ril"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ nerve.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The special properties and functions of the nerves; that capacity for transmitting a stimulus which belongs to nerves.</def>

<i>G. H. Lewes.</i>

<h1>Neurine</h1>
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<hw>Neu"rine</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a nerve.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous organic base (a ptomaine) formed in the decomposition of protagon with boiling baryta water, and in the putrefraction of proteid matter. It was for a long time considered identical with choline, a crystalline body originally obtained from bile. Chemically, however, choline is oxyethyl-trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide, while neurine is vinyl-trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>neurin</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Neurism</h1>
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<hw>Neu"rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ nerve.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Nerve force. See <cref>Vital force</cref>, under <er>Vital</er>.</def>

<h1>Neuritis</h1>
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<hw>Neu*ri"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. gr. <?/ nerve + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of a nerve.</def>

<h1>Neuro-</h1>
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<hw>Neu"ro-</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ nerve.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A combining denoting <i>a nerve</i>, <i>of &or; pertaining to a nerve &or; the nervous system</i>.</def>

<h1>Neuro-central</h1>
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<hw>Neu`ro-cen"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neuro-</ets> + <ets>central</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Between the neural arch and the centrum of a vertebra; <as>as, the <ex>neurocentral</ex> suture</as>.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<mhw><h1>Neurochord, n., Neurochordal</h1>
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<hw>Neu"ro*chord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Neu`ro*chor"dal</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Neurocord</er>.</def>

<h1>Neurocity</h1>
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<hw>Neu*roc"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Nerve force.</def>

<h1>Neuroc\'91le</h1>
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<hw>Neu"ro*c\'91le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neuro-</ets> + Ge. <?/ a hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The central canal and ventricles of the spinal cord and brain; the myelencephalic cavity.</def>

<h1>Neurocord</h1>
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<hw>Neu"ro*cord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neuro-</ets> + <ets>cord</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cordlike organ composed of elastic fibers situated above the ventral nervous cord of annelids, like the earthworm.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Neu`ro*cor"dal</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Neuro-epidermal</h1>
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<hw>Neu`ro-ep`i*der"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neuro-</ets> + <ets>epidermal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or giving rise to, the central nervous system and epiderms; <as>as, the <ex>neuroepidermal</ex>, or epiblastic, layer of the blastoderm</as>.</def>

<h1>Neuroglia</h1>
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<hw>Neu*rog"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. gr. <?/ ligament + <?/ glue.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The delicate connective tissue framework which supports the nervous matter and blood vessels of the brain and spinal cord.</def>

<h1>Neurography</h1>
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<hw>Neu*rog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neuro-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A description of the nerves.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Neurokeratin</h1>
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<hw>Neu`ro*ker"a*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neuro-</ets> + <ets>keratin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance, resembling keratin, present in nerve tissue, as in the sheath of the axis cylinder of medullated nerve fibers. Like keratin it resists the action of most chemical agents, and by decomposition with sulphuric acid yields leucin and tyrosin.</def>

<h1>Neurological</h1>
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<hw>Neu`ro*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to neurolgy.</def>

<h1>Neurologist</h1>
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<hw>Neu*rol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is versed in neurology; also, one skilled in the treatment of nervous diseases.</def>

<h1>Neurology</h1>
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<hw>Neu*rol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neuro-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The branch of science which treats of the nervous system.</def>

<h1>Neuroma</h1>
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<hw>Neu*ro"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Neuro-</er>, and <er>-oma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A tumor developed on, or connected with, a nerve, esp. one consisting of new-formed nerve fibers.</def>

<h1>Neuromere</h1>
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<hw>Neu"ro*mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neuro-</ets> + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A metameric segment of the cerebro-spinal nervous system.</def>

<h1>Neuromuscular</h1>
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<hw>Neu`ro*mus"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neuro-</ets> + <ets>muscular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Nervomuscular.</def>

<h1>Neuron</h1>
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<hw>Neu"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Neura</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <grk>ney^ron</grk> nerve.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The brain and spinal cord; the cerebro-spinal axis; myelencephalon.</def><-- Now = a nerve cell (older def not included in MW10 -->

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Neuropathic</h1>
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<hw>Neu`ro*path"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to neuropathy; of the nature of, or suffering from, nervous disease.</def>

<h1>Neuropathy</h1>
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<hw>Neu*rop"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neuro-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, to suffer.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An affection of the nervous system or of a nerve.</def>

<h1>Neuropod</h1>
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<hw>Neu"ro*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neuro-</ets> + <ets>-pod</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A neuropodous animal.</def>

<i>G. Rolleston.</i>

<h1>Neuropodium</h1>
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<hw>Neu`ro*po"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a nerve + <?/, dim. of <?/, <?/, the foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ventral lobe or branch of a parapodium.</def>

<h1>Neuropodous</h1>
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<hw>Neu*rop"o*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neuro-</ets> + <ets>-pod</ets> + <ets>-ous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the limbs on, or directed toward, the neural side, as in most invertebrates; -- opposed to <ant>h\'91mapodous</ant>.</def>

<i>G. Rolleston.</i>

<h1>Neuropore</h1>
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<hw>Neu"ro*pore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neuro-</ets> + <ets>pore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An opening at either end of the embryonic neural canal.</def>

<h1>Neuropter</h1>
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<hw>Neu*rop"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Neuroptera.</def>

<h1>Neuroptera</h1>
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<hw>Neu*rop"te*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Nl., fr. gr. <?/ nerve + <?/ a wing, fr. <?/ to fly.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of hexapod insects having two pairs of large, membranous, net-veined wings. The mouth organs are adapted for chewing. They feed upon other insects, and undergo a complete metamorphosis. The ant-lion, hellgamite, and lacewing fly are examples. Formerly, the name was given to a much more extensive group, including the true Neuroptera and the Pseudoneuroptera.</def>

<hr>
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Page 973<p>

<h1>Neropteral</h1>
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<hw>Nerop"ter*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Neuroptera.</def>

<h1>Neuropteran</h1>
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<hw>Neu*rop"ter*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A neuropter.</def>

<h1>Neuropteris</h1>
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<hw>Neu*rop"te*ris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a nerve + <?/ a kind of fern.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extensive genus of fossil ferns, of which species have been found from the Devonian to the Triassic formation.</def>

<h1>Neuropterous</h1>
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<hw>Neu*rop"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Neuropteral.</def>

<h1>Neurosensiferous</h1>
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<hw>Neu`ro*sen*sif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>neuro-</ets> + <ets>sensiferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or forming, both nerves and sense organs.</def>

<h1>Neurosis</h1>
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<hw>Neu*ro"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <i>Neuroses</i> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. gr. <?/ nerve.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A functional nervous affection or disease, that is, a disease of the nerves without any appreciable change of nerve structure.</def><-- (psychiatry) a mental or emotional disorder that affects only part of the personality, and involves less distorted perceptions of reality than a psychosis.  It includes certain anxieties and phobias. [MW10] -->

<h1>Neuroskeletal</h1>
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<hw>Neu`ro*skel"e*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the neuroskeleton.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Neuroskeleton</h1>
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<hw>Neu`ro*skel"e*ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neuro-</ets> + <ets>skeleton</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The deep-seated parts of the vertebrate skeleton which are relation with the nervous axis and locomation.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Neurospast</h1>
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<hw>Neu"ro*spast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>neurospaston</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ drawn by strings.]</ety> <def>A puppet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Neurotic</h1>
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<hw>Neu*rot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ nerve.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the nerves; seated in the nerves; nervous; <as>as, a <ex>neurotic</ex> disease</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Uself in disorders of, or affecting, the nerves.</def>

<h1>Neurotic</h1>
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<hw>Neu*rot"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A disease seated in the nerves.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any toxic agent whose action is mainly directed to the great nerve centers.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Neurotic</i> as a class include all those poisons whose mains action is upon the brain and spinal cord. They may be divided three orders: (<it>a</it>) <i>Cerebral neurotics</i>, or those which affect the brain only. (<it>b</it>) <i>Spinal neurotics</i>, or <i>tetanics</i>, those which affect the spinal cord. (<it>c</it>) <i>Cerebro-spinal neurotics</i>, or those which affect both brain and spinal cord.</note>

<h1>Neurotome</h1>
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<hw>Neu"ro*tome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Neurotomy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument for cutting or dissecting nerves.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A neuromere.</def>

<h1>Neurotomical</h1>
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<hw>Neu`ro*tom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to neurotomy.</def>

<h1>Neurotomist</h1>
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<hw>Neu*rot"o*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who skilled in or practices neurotomy.</def>

<h1>Neurotomy</h1>
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<hw>Neu*rot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Neuro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to cut.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The dissection, or anatomy, of the nervous system.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The division of a nerve, for the relief of neuralgia, or for other purposes.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Neurula</h1>
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<hw>Neu"ru*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., dim. of Gr. <?/ a nerve.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An embryo or certain invertebrates in the stage when the primitive band is first developed.</def>

<h1>Neuter</h1>
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<hw>Neu"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>ne</ets> not + <ets>uter</ets> whether; akin to E. <ets>whether</ets>. See <er>No</er>, and <er>Whether</er>, and cf. <er>Neither</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Neither the one thing nor the other; on neither side; impartial; neutral.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>In all our undertakings God will be either our friend or our enemy; for Providence never stands <b>neuter</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having a form belonging more especially to words which are not appellations of males or females; expressing or designating that which is of neither sex; <as>as, a <ex>neuter</ex> noun; a <ex>neuter</ex> termination; the <ex>neuter</ex> gender.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Intransitive; <as>as, a <ex>neuter</ex> verb</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having no generative organs, or imperfectly developed ones; sexless. See <er>Neuter</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Neuter</h1>
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<hw>Neu"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person who takes no part in a contest; one who is either indifferent to a cause or forbears to interfere; a neutral.</def>

<blockquote>The world's no <b>neuter</b>; it will wound or save.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A noun of the neuter gender; any one of those words which have the terminations usually found in neuter words.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An intransitive verb.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An organism, either vegetable or animal, which at its maturity has no generative organs, or but imperfectly developed ones, as a plant without stamens or pistils, as the garden Hydrangea; esp., one of the imperfectly developed females of certain social insects, as of the ant and the common honeybee, which perform the labors of the community, and are called <i>workers</i>.</def>

<h1>Neutral</h1>
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<hw>Neu"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>neutralis</ets>, fr. <ets>neuter</ets>. See <er>Neuter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not engaged on either side; not taking part with or assisting either of two or more contending parties; neuter; indifferent.</def>

<blockquote>The heart can not possibly remain <b>neutral</b>, but constantly takes part one way or the other.
<i>Shaftesbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Neither good nor bad; of medium quality; middling; not decided or pronounced.</def>

<blockquote>Some things good, and some things ill, do seem,
And <b>neutral</b> some, in her fantastic eye.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Neuter. See <er>Neuter</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 3.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having neither acid nor basic properties; unable to turn red litmus blue or blue litmus red; -- said of certain salts or other compounds. Contrasted with <ant>acid</ant>, and <ant>alkaline</ant>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Neutral axis</col>, <col>Neutral surface</col></mcol> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>that line or plane, in a beam under transverse pressure, at which the fibers are neither stretched nor compressed, or where the longitudinal stress is zero. See <er>Axis</er>.</cd> -- <col>Neutral equilibrium</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the kind of equilibrium of a body so placed that when moved slighty it neither tends to return to its former position not depart more widely from it, as a perfect sphere or cylinder on a horizontal plane.</cd> -- <col>Neutral salt</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a salt formed by the complete replacement of the hydrogen in an acid or base; in the former case by a positive or basic, in the latter by a negative or acid, element or radical.</cd> -- <col>Neutral tint</col>, <cd>a bluish gray pigment, used in water colors, made by mixing indigo or other blue some warm color. the shades vary greatly.</cd> -- <col>Neutral vowel</col>, <cd>the vowel element having an obscure and indefinite quality, such as is commonly taken by the vowel in many unaccented syllables. It is regarded by some as identical with the &ucr; in <i>up<i>, and is called also the <altname>natural vowel</altname>, as unformed by art and effort. See <i>Guide to Pronunciation<i>, &sect; 17.</cd></cs><-- also called the indefinite vowel, and also represented in phonetic transcriptions by the schwa &schwa; -->

<h1>Neutral</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>Neu"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person or a nation that takes no part in a contest between others; one who is neutral.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>neutral</b>, as far as commerce extends, becomes a party in the war.
<i>R. G. Harper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Neutralist</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>Neu"tral*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A neutral; one who professes or practices neutrality.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Neutrality</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>Neu*tral"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>neutralit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being neutral; the condition of being unengaged in contests between others; state of taking no part on either side; indifference.</def>

<blockquote>Men who possess a state of <b>neutrality</b> in times of public danger, desert the interest of their fellow subjects.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Indifference in quality; a state neither very good nor bad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The quality or state of being neutral. See <er>Neutral</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 4.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(International Law)</fld> <def>The condition of a nation or government which refrains from taking part, directly or indirectly, in a war between other powers.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Those who are neutral; a combination of neutral powers or states.</def>

<cs><col>Armed neutrality</col>, <cd>the condition of a neutral power, in time of war, which holds itself ready to resist by force any aggression of either belligerent.</cd></cs>

<h1>Neutralization</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>Neu`tral*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>neutralisation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of neutralizing, or the state of being neutralized.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process by which an acid and a base are combined in such proportions that the resulting compound is neutral. See <er>Neutral</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 4.</def>

<h1>Neutralize</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>Neu"tral*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Neutralized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Neutralizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>neutraliser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render neutral; to reduce to a state of neutrality.</def>

<blockquote>So here I am <b>neutralized</b> again.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To render inert or imperceptible the peculiar affinities of, as a chemical substance; to destroy the effect of; <as>as, to <ex>neutralize</ex> an acid with a base</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To destroy the peculiar or opposite dispositions of; to reduce to a state of indifference inefficience; to counteract; <as>as, to <ex>neutralize</ex> parties in government; to <ex>neutralize</ex> efforts, opposition, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Counter citations that <b>neutralize</b> each other.
<i>E. Everett.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Neutralizer</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>Neu"tral*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, neutralizes; that which destroys, disguises, or renders inert the peculiar properties of a body.</def>

<h1>Neutrally</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>Neu"tral*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a neutral manner; without taking part with either side; indifferently.</def>

<h1>Neuvaines</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>Neu`vaines"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>neuvaine</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>novena</ets>, fr. L. <ets>novem</ets>. See <er>Noon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>Prayers offered up for nine successive days.</def>

<h1>Nevadite</h1>
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<hw>Ne*va"dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A grantitoid variety of rhyolite, common in Nevada.</def>

<h1>N\'82v\'82</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>N\'82`v\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <?/ <ets>nix</ets>, <ets>nivis</ets>, snow.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The upper part of a glacier, above the limit or perpetual snow. See <er>Galcier</er>.</def>

<h1>Neven</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>Nev"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>nefna</ets>. <?/ 267.]</ety> <def>To name; to mention; to utter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>As oft I heard my lord them <b>neven</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Never</h1>
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<hw>Nev"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>n<?/fre</ets>; <ets>ne</ets> not, no + <ets><?/fre</ets> ever.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not ever; not at any time; at no time, whether past, present, or future.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Death still draws nearer, <b>never</b> seeming near.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In no degree; not in the least; not.</def>

<blockquote>Whosoever has a friend to guide him, may carry his eyes in another man's head, and yet see <b>never</b> the worse.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And he answered him to <b>never</b> a word.
<i>Matt. xxvii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Never</i> is much used in composition with present participles to form adjectives, as in <i>never</i>-ceasing, <i>never</i>-dying, <i>never</i>-ending, <i>never</i>-fading, <i>never</i>-failing, etc., retaining its usual signification.</note>

<cs><col>Never a deal</col>, <cd>not a bit. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

-- <col>Never so</col>, as never before; more than at any other time, or in any other circumstances; especially; particularly; -- now often expressed or replaced by <i>ever so</i>.

<blockquote>Ask me <b>never so</b> much dower and gift.
<i>Gen. xxxiv. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A fear of battery, ... though <b>never so</b> well grounded, is no duress.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote></cs>

<h1>Nevermore</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>Nev"er*more`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Never again; at no time hereafter.</def>

<i>Testament of Love. Tyndale.</i>

<blockquote>Where springtime of the Hesperides
Begins, but endeth <b>nevermore</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Neverthelater</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>Nev`er*the*lat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. &or; conj.</tt> <def>Nevertheless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nevertheless</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>Nev`er*the*less"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. &or; conj.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Never</ets> + <ets>the</ets> (see <er>The</er> by that) + <ets>less</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not the less; notwithstanding; in spite of that; yet.</def>

<blockquote>No chastening for the present seemeth to be joyous, but grievous; <b>nevertheless</b>, afterward it yieldeth the peaceable fruit of righteousness.
<i>Heb. xii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- However; at least; yet; still. See <er>However</er>.</syn>

<h1>Nevew</h1>
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<hw>Nev"ew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Nephew.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>haucer.</i>

<h1>New</h1>
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<hw>New</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Newer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Newest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. OE. <ets>newe</ets>, AS. <ets>niwe</ets>, <ets>neowe</ets>; akin to D. <ets>nieuw</ets>, OS. <ets>niwi</ets>, OHG. <ets>niuwi</ets>, G. <ets>neu</ets>, Icel. <ets>n<?/r</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>ny</ets>, Goth. <ets>niujis</ets>, Lith. <ets>naujas</ets>, Russ. <ets>novuii</ets>, Ir. <ets>nua</ets>, <ets>nuadh</ets>, Gael. <ets>nuadh</ets>, W. <ets>newydd</ets>, Armor. <ets>nevez</ets>, L. <ets>novus</ets>, gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>nava</ets>, and prob. to E. <ets>now</ets>. <?/ 263. See <er>Now</er>, and cf. <er>Announce</er>, <er>Innovate</er>, <er>Neophyte</er>, <er>Novel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having existed, or having been made, but a short time; having originated or occured lately; having recently come into existence, or into one's possession; not early or long in being; of late origin; recent; fresh; modern; -- opposed to <i>old</i>, <as>as, a <ex>new</ex> coat; a <ex>new</ex> house; a <ex>new</ex> book; a <ex>new</ex> fashion.</as></def> "Your <i>new</i> wife."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not before seen or known, although existing before; lately manifested; recently discovered; <as>as, a <ex>new</ex> metal; a <ex>new</ex> planet; <ex>new</ex> scenes.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Newly beginning or recurring; starting anew; now commencing; different from has been; <as>as, a <ex>new</ex> year; a <ex>new course</ex> or direction.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>As if lately begun or made; having the state or quality of original freshness; also, changed for the better; renovated; unworn; untried; unspent; <as>as, rest and travel made him a <ex>new</ex> man</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Steadfasty purposing to lead a <b>new</b> life.
<i>Bk. of Com. Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Men after long emaciating diets, fat, and almost <b>new</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Not of ancient extraction, or of a family of ancient descent; not previously kniwn or famous.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Not habituated; not familiar; unaccustomed.</def>

<blockquote><b>New</b> to the plow, unpracticed in the trace.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Fresh from anything; newly come.</def>

<blockquote><b>New</b> from her sickness to that northern air.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>New birth</col>. <cd>See under <er>Birth</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>New Church</col>, &or; <col>New Jerusalem Church</col></mcol>, <cd>the church holding the doctrines taught by Emanuel Swedenborg. See <er>Swedenborgian</er>.</cd> -- <col>New heart</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>a heart or character changed by the power of God, so as to be governed by new and holy motives.</cd> -- <col>New land</col>, <cd>land ckeared and cultivated for the first time.</cd> -- <col>New light</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Crappie</er>.</cd> -- <col>New moon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The moon in its first quarter, or when it first appears after being invisible</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The day when the new moon is first seen; the first day of the lunar month, which was a holy day among the Jews.</cd> <i>2 Kings iv. 23.</i> -- <col>New Red Sandstone</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>an old name for the formation immediately above the coal measures or strata, now divided into the Permian and Trias.</cd> See <er>Sandstone</er>. -- <col>New style</col>. <cd>See <er>Style</er>.</cd> -- <col>New testament</col>. <cd>See under <er>Testament</er>.</cd> -- <col>New world</col>, <cd>the land of the Western Hemisphere; -- so called because not known to the inhabitants of the Eastern Hemisphere until recent times.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Novel; recent; fresh; modern. See <er>Novel</er>.</syn>

<h1>New</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>New</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Newly; recently.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>New</i> is much used in composition, adverbially, in the sense of <i>newly</i>, <i>recently</i>, to quality other words, as in <i>new</i>-born, <i>new</i>-formed, <i>new</i>-found, <i>new</i>-mown.</note>

<cs><col>Of new</col>, <cd>anew. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>New</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>New</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To make new; to renew.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Newborn</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>New"born`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Recently born.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Newcome</h1>
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<hw>New"come`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Recently come.</def>

<h1>Newcomer</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>New"com`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who has lately come.</def>

<h1>Newel</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>New"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>New</er>. Cf. <er>Novel</er>.]</ety> <def>A novelty; a new thing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Newel</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>New"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>nual</ets>, F. <ets>noyau</ets> sone, of fruit, <ets>noyau d'escaler</ets> newel, fr. L. <ets>nucalis</ets> like a nut, fr. <ets>nux</ets>, <ets>nucis</ets>, nut. Cf <er>Nowel</er> the inner wall of a mold, <er>Nucleus</er>..]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The upright post about which the steps of a circular staircase wind; hence, in stairs having straight flights, the principal post at the foot of a staircase, or the secondary ones at the landings. See <cref>Hollow newel</cref>, under <er>Hollow</er>.</def>

<h1>Newfangle</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>New"fan`gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>New</ets> + <ets>fangle</ets>.]</ety> <def>Eager for novelties; desirous of changing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So <b>newfangel</b> be they of their meat.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Newfangle</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>New"fan`gle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To change by introducing novelties.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Newfangled</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>New"fan`gled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Newmade; formed with the affectation of novelty.</def> "A <i>newfangled</i> nomenclature."

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disposed to change; inclined to novelties; given to new theories or fashions.</def> "<i>Newfangled</i> teachers." <i>1 Tim. vi. (heading).</i> "<i>Newfangled</i> men." <i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Newfangledness</h1>
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<hw>New"fan`gled*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Affectation of, or fondness for, novelty; vain or affected fashion or form.</def>

<h1>Newfangleness</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>New"fan`gle*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>newefanglenes</ets>. See <er>Fangle</er>.]</ety> <def>Newfangledness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Proud <b>newfangleness</b> in their apparel.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Newfanglist</h1>
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<hw>New"fan`glist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is eager for novelties or desirous of change.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tooker.</i>

<h1>Newfangly</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>New"fan`gly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a newfangled manner; with eagerness for novelty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Newfashioned</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>New`fash"ioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made in a new form, or lately come into fashion.</def>

<h1>Newfoundland</h1>
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<hw>New"found*land`</hw> <tt>(?, often <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An island on the coast of British North America, famed for the fishing grounds in its vicinity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A Newfoundland dog.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<cs><col>Newfoundland dog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a breed of large dogs, with shaggy hair, which originated in Newfoundland, noted for intelligence, docility, and swimming powers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Newing</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>New"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>New</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Yeast; barm.</def> <mark>[prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Newish</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>New"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat new; nearly new.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Newly</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>New"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lately; recently.</def>

<blockquote>He rubbed it o'er with <b>newly</b> gathered mint.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anew; afresh; freshly.</def>

<blockquote>And the refined mind doth <b>newly</b> fashion
Into a fairer form.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Newmarket</h1>
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<hw>New"mar`ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Newmarket</ets>, England.]</ety> <def>A long, closely fitting cloak.</def>

<h1>New-model</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>New`-mod"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To remodel.</def>

<h1>Newness</h1>
<Xpage=973>

<hw>New"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being new; <as>as, the <ex>newness</ex> of a system; the <ex>newness</ex> of a scene; <ex>newness</ex> of life.</as></def>

<hr>
<page="974">
Page 974<p>

<h1>News</h1>
<Xpage=974>

<hw>News</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[From New; cf. F. <ets>nounelles</ets>. <ets>News</ets> <?/s plural in form, but is commonly used with a singular verb.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A report of recent occurences; information of something that has lately taken place, or of something before unknown; fresh tindings; recent intelligence.</def>

<blockquote>Evil <b>news</b> rides post, while good <b>news</b> baits.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something strange or newly happened.</def>

<blockquote>It is no <b>news</b> for the weak and poor to be a prey to the strong and rich.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A bearer of news; a courier; a newspaper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There cometh a <b>news</b> thither with his horse.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>News-book</h1>
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<hw>News"-book`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A newspaper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>newsboy</h1>
<Xpage=974>

<hw>news"boy`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A boy who distributes or sells newspaper.</def>

<h1>News-letter</h1>
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<hw>News"-let`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A circular letter, written or printed for the purpose of disseminating news. This was the name given to the earliest English newspapers.</def>

<h1>Newsman</h1>
<Xpage=974>

<hw>News"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Newsmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who brings news.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A man who distributes or sells newspapers.</def>

<h1>Newsmonger</h1>
<Xpage=974>

<hw>News"mon`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who deals in news; one who is active in hearing and telling news.</def>

<h1>Newspaper</h1>
<Xpage=974>

<hw>News"pa`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sheet of paper printed and distributed, at stated intervals, for conveying intelligence of passing events, advocating opinions, etc.; a public print that circulates news, advertisements, proceedings of legislative bodies, public announcements, etc.</def>

<h1>Newsroom</h1>
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<hw>News"room`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A room where news is collected and disseminated, or periodicals sold; a reading room supplied with newspapers, magazines, etc.</def>

<h1>News-vnder</h1>
<Xpage=974>

<hw>News"-vnd`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A seller of newspapers.</def>

<h1>News-writer</h1>
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<hw>News"-writ`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gathered news for, and wrote, news-letters.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Newsy</h1>
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<hw>News"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of news; abounding in information as to current events.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Newt</h1>
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<hw>Newt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ewt</ets>, <ets>evete</ets>, AS. <ets>efete</ets>, with <ets>n</ets> prefixed, <ets>an ewt</ets> being understood as <ets>a newt</ets>. Cf. <er>Eft</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of small aquatic salamanders. The common British species are the crested newt (<spn>Triton cristatus</spn>) and the smooth newt (<spn>Lophinus punctatus</spn>). In America, <spn>Diemictylus viridescens</spn> is one of the most abundant species.</def>

<h1>Newtonian</h1>
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<hw>New*to"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Sir Isaac Newton, or his discoveries.</def>

<cs><col>Newtonian philosophy</col>, <cd>the philosophy of Sir Isaac Newton; -- applied to the doctrine of the universe as expounded in Newton's "Principia," to the modern or experimental philosophy (as opposed to the theories of Descartes and others), and, most frequently, to the mathematical theory of universal gravitation.</cd> -- <col>Newtonian telescope</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a reflecting telescope, in which rays from the large speculum are received by a plane mirror placed diagonally in the axis, and near the open end of the tube, and thrown at right angles toward one side of the tube, where the image is formed and viewed through the eyeplace.</cd> -- <col>Newtonian theory of light</col>. <cd>See Note under <er>Light</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Newtonian</h1>
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<hw>New*to"ni*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A follower of Newton.</def>

<h1>New-year</h1>
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<hw>New"-year`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to, or suitable for, the commencement of the year; <as>as, <ex>New-year</ex> gifts or odes</as>.</def>

<h1>New Year's Day</h1>
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<hw>New" Year's` Day"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>the first day of a calendar year; the first day of January. Often colloquially abbreviated to <altname>New year's</altname> or <altname>new year</altname>.</def>

<h1>New Zealand</h1>
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<hw>New` Zea"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean.</def>

<cs><col>New Zealand flax</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A tall, liliaceous herb (<spn>Phormium tenax</spn>), having very long, sword-shaped, distichous leaves which furnish a fine, strong fiber very valuable for cordage and the like</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The fiber itself.</cd> -- <col>New Zealand tea</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a myrtaceous shrub (<spn>Leptospermum scoparium</spn>) of New Zealand and Australia, the leaves of which are used as a substitute for tea.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nexible</h1>
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<hw>Nex"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nexibilis</ets>, from <ets>nectere</ets>, <ets>nexum</ets>, to bind.]</ety> <def>That may be knit together.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Next</h1>
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<hw>Next</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <tt>superl.</tt> of <er>Nigh</er>. <ety>[AS. <ets>n<?/hst</ets>, <ets>ni\'82hst</ets>, <ets>n<?/hst</ets>, superl. of <ets>ne\'a0h</ets> nigh. See <er>Nigh</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Nearest in place; having no similar object intervening.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Her princely guest
Was <b>next</b> her side; in order sat the rest.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fear followed me so hard, that I fled the <b>next</b> way.
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Nearest in time; <as>as, the <ex>next</ex> day or hour</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Adjoining in a series; immediately preceding or following in order.</def>

<blockquote>None could tell whose turn should be the <b>next</b>.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Nearest in degree, quality, rank, right, or relation; <as>as, the <ex>next</ex> heir was an infant</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The man is near of kin unto us, one of our <b>next</b> kinsmen.
<i>Ruth ii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Next</i> is usually followed by <i>to</i> before an object, but <i>to</i> is sometimes omitted. In such cases <i>next</i> in considered by many grammarians as a preposition.</note>

<cs><col>Next friend</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one who represents an infant, a married woman, or any person who can not appear <i>sui juris<i>, in a suit at law.</cd></cs>

<h1>Next</h1>
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<hw>Next</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the time, place, or order nearest or immediately suceeding; <as>as, this man follows <ex>next</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Nexus</h1>
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<hw>Nex"us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Connection; tie.</def>

<blockquote>Man is doubtless one by some subtile <b>nexus</b> ... extending from the new-born infant to the superannuated dotard.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nez Perc\'82s</h1>
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<hw>Nez" Per`c\'82s"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <pluf>pl.</pluf>; <sing>sing. <singw>Nez Perc\'90</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <ety>[F., pierced noses.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians, mostly inhabiting Idaho.</def>
<-- involved under Chief Joseph, in the last major battle of the Indian wars, attempting to resist being moved to a reservation. -->

<h1>Ngina</h1>
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<hw>Ngi"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <def>The gorilla.</def>

<h1>Niagara period</h1>
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<hw>Ni*ag"a*ra pe"ri*od</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A subdivision or the American Upper Silurian system, embracing the Medina, Clinton, and Niagara epoch. The rocks of the Niagara epoch, mostly limestones, are extensively distributed, and at Niagara Falls consist of about eighty feet of shale supporting a greater thickness of limestone, which is gradually undermined by the removal of the shale. See <i>Chart</i> of <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Nias</h1>
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<hw>Ni"as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>niais</ets>. See <er>Eyas</er>.]</ety> <def>A young hawk; an eyas; hence, an unsophisticated person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nib</h1>
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<hw>Nib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A variabt of <ets>neb</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small and pointed thing or part; a point; a prong.</def> "The little <i>nib</i> or fructifying principle."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bill or beak of a bird; the neb.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The points of a pen; also, the pointed part of a pen; a short pen adapted for insertion in a holder.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One of the handles which project from a scythe snath; also, <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>, the shaft of a wagon.</def>

<h1>Nib</h1>
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<hw>Nib</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nebbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nibbing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To furnish with a nib; to point; to mend the point of; <as>as, to <ex>nib</ex> a pen</as>.</def>

<h1>Nibbed</h1>
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<hw>Nibbed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a nib or point.</def>

<h1>Nibble</h1>
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<hw>Nib"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nibbled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nibbling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Nip</er>.]</ety> <def>To bite by little at a time; to seize gently with the mouth; to eat slowly or in small bits.</def>

<blockquote>Thy turfy mountains, where live <b>nibbling</b> sheep.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nibble</h1>
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<hw>Nib"ble</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bite upon something gently or cautiously; to eat a little of a thing, as by taking small bits cautiously; <as>as, fishes <ex>nibble</ex> at the bait</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Instead of returning a full answer to my book, he manifestly falls a-<b>nibbling</b> at one single passage.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nibble</h1>
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<hw>Nib"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small or cautious bite.</def><-- 2. a tentative expression of interest [MW10]. -->

<h1>Nibbler</h1>
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<hw>Nib"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, nibbles.</def>

<h1>Nibblingly</h1>
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<hw>Nib"bling*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a nibbling manner; cautiously.</def>

<h1>Niblick</h1>
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<hw>Nib"lick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of golf stick used to lift the ball out of holes, ruts, etc.</def>

<h1>Nicagua</h1>
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<hw>Ni*ca"gua</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The laughing falcon. See under <er>laughing</er>.</def>

<h1>Nicaragua wood</h1>
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<hw>Nic`a*ra"gua wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Brazil wood.</def>

<h1>Niccolite</h1>
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<hw>Nic"co*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[from NL. <ets>niccolum</ets> nickel.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a copper-red color and metallic luster; an arsenide of nickel; -- called also <altname>coppernickel</altname>, <altname>kupfernickel</altname>.</def>

<h1>Nice</h1>
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<hw>Nice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Nicer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Nicest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE., foolish, fr. OF. <ets>nice</ets> ignorant, fool, fr. L. <ets>nescius</ets> ignorant; <ets>ne</ets> not + <ets>scius</ets> knowing, <ets>scire</ets> to know. perhaps influenced by E. <ets>nesh</ets> delicate, soft. See <er>No</er>, and <er>Science</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Foolish; silly; simple; ignorant; also, weak; effeminate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<blockquote>But say that we ben wise and nothing <b>nice</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of trifling moment; nimportant; trivial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The letter was not <b>nice</b>, but full of charge
Of dear import.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Overscrupulous or exacting; hard to please or satisfy; fastidious in small matters.</def>

<blockquote>Curious not knowing, not exact but <b>nice</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And to taste
Think not I shall be <b>nice</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Delicate; refined; dainty; pure.</def>

<blockquote>Dear love, continue <b>nice</b> and chaste.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>nice</b> and subtile happiness.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Apprehending slight diffferences or delicate distinctions; distinguishing accurately or minutely; carefully discriminating; <as>as, a <ex>nice</ex> taste or judgment</as>.</def>  "Our author happy in a judge so <i>nice</i>." <i>Pope.</i>  "<i>Nice</i> verbal criticism." <i>Coleridge.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Done or made with careful labor; suited to excite admiration on account of exactness; evidencing great skill; exact; fine; finished; <as>as, <ex>nice</ex> proportions, <ex>nice</ex> workmanship, a <ex>nice</ex> application</as>; exactly or fastidiously discriminated; requiring close discrimination; <as>as, a <ex>nice</ex> point of law, a <ex>nice</ex> distinction in philosophy</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The difference is too <b>nice</b>
Where ends the virtue, or begins the vice.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Pleasing; agreeable; gratifying; delightful; good; <as>as, a <ex>nice</ex> party; a <ex>nice</ex> excursion; a <ex>nice</ex> person; a <ex>nice</ex> day; a <ex>nice</ex> sauce, etc.</as></def> <mark>[Loosely & Colloquially]</mark>

<cs><col>To make nice of</col>, <cd>to be scrupulous about. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Dainty; delicate; exquisite; fine; accurate; exact; correct; precise; particular; scrupulous; punctilious; fastidious; squeamish; finical; effeminate; silly.</syn>

<h1>Nicely</h1>
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<hw>Nice"ly</hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a nice manner.</def>

<h1>Nicene</h1>
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<hw>Ni"cene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Nicaenus</ets>, fr. <ets>Nicaea</ets> Nice, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Nice, a town of Asia Minor, or to the ecumenial council held there <sc>A. D.</sc> 325.</def>

<cs><col>Nicene Creed</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <cd>a summary of Christian faith, composed and adopted by the Council of Nice, against Arianism, <sc>A. D.</sc> 325, altered and confirmed by the Council of Constantinople, <sc>A. D.</sc> 381, and by subsequent councils.</cd></cs>

<h1>Niceness</h1>
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<hw>Nice"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality or state of being nice.</def>

<h1>Nicery</h1>
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<hw>Ni"cer*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Nicety.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Nicety</h1>
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<hw>Ni"ce*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Niceties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>nicet\'82</ets> foolishness.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being nice (in any of the senses of that word.).</def>

<blockquote>The miller smiled of her <b>nicety</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Delicacy or exactness of perception; minuteness of observation or of discrimination; precision.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A delicate expression, act, mode of treatment, distinction, or the like; a minute distinction.</def>

<blockquote>The fineness and <b>niceties</b> of words.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To a nicety</col>, <cd>with great exactness or accuracy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Niche</h1>
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<hw>Niche</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>nicchia</ets>, prop., a shell-like recess in a wall, fr. <ets>nicchio</ets> a shellfish, mussel, fr. L. <ets>mytilus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cavity, hollow, or recess, generally within the thickness of a wall, for a statue, bust, or other erect ornament. hence, any similar position, literal or figurative.</def>

<blockquote>Images defended from the injuries of the weather by <b>niches</b> of stone wherein they are placed.
<i>Evelun.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Niched</h1>
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<hw>Niched</hw>. <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Placed in a niche.</def> "Those <i>niched</i> shapes of noble mold."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Nick</h1>
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<hw>Nick</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>nicor</ets> a marine monster; akin to D. <ets>nikker</ets> a water spite, Icel. <ets>nykr</ets>, ONG. <ets>nihhus</ets> a crocodile, G. <ets>nix</ets> a water sprite; cf. Gr. <?/ to wash, Skr. <ets>nij</ets>. Cf. <er>Nix</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Northern Myth.)</fld> <def>An evil spirit of the waters.</def>

<cs><col>Old Nick</col>, <cd>the evil one; the devil. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Nick</h1>
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<hw>Nick</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to <er>Nock</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A notch cut into something</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A score for keeping an account; a reckoning</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A notch cut crosswise in the shank of a type, to assist a compositor in placing it properly in the stick, and in distribution.</def>

<i>W. Savage.</i>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A broken or indented place in any edge or surface; <i>nicks</i> in china.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A particular point or place considered as marked by a nick; the exact point or critical moment.</def>

<blockquote>To cut it off in the very <b>nick</b>.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This <b>nick</b> of time is the critical occasion for the gainger of a point.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nick</h1>
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<hw>Nick</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nicked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nicking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a nick or nicks in; to notch; to keep count of or upon by nicks; <as>as, to <ex>nick</ex> a stick, tally, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mar; to deface; to make ragged, as by cutting nicks or notches in.</def>

<blockquote>And thence proceed to <b>nicking</b> sashes.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The itch of his affection should not then
Have <b>nicked</b> his captainship.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To suit or fit into, as by a correspondence of nicks; to tally with.</def>

<blockquote>Words <b>nicking</b> and resembling one another are applicable to different significations.
<i>Camden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To hit at, or in, the nick; to touch rightly; to strike at the precise point or time.</def>

<blockquote>The just season of doing things must be <b>nicked</b>, and all accidents improved.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To make a cross cut or cuts on the under side of (the tail of a horse, in order to make him carry ir higher).</def>

<h1>Nick</h1>
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<hw>Nick</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To nickname; to style.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For Warbeck, as you <b>nick</b> him, came to me.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nickar nut, Nickar tree</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nick"ar nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nick"ar tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Nicker nut</er>, <er>Nicker tree</er>.</def>

<h1>Nickel</h1>
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<hw>Nick"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., fr. Sw. <ets>nickel</ets>, abbrev. from Sw. <ets>kopparnickel</ets> copper-nickel, a name given in derision, as it was thought to be a base ore of copper. The origin of the second part of the word is uncertain. Cf. <er>Kupfer-nickel</er>, <er>Copper-nickel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bright silver-white metallic element. It is of the iron group, and is hard, malleable, and ductile. It occurs combined with sulphur in millerite, with arsenic in the mineral niccolite, and with arsenic and sulphur in nickel glance. Symbol Ni. Atomic weight 58.6.</def>

<note>&hand; On account of its permanence in air and inertness to oxidation, it is used in the smaller coins, for plating iron, brass, etc., for chemical apparatus, and in certain alloys, as german silver. It is magnetic, and is very frequently accompanied by cobalt, both being found in meteoric iron.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small coin made of or containing nickel; esp., a five-cent piece.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Nickel silver</col>, <cd>an alloy of nickel, copper, and zinc; -- usually called <altname>german silver</altname>; called also <altname>argentan</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nickelic</h1>
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<hw>Nick*el"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, nickel; specifically, designating compounds in which, as contrasted with the <i>nickelous</i> compounds, the metal has a higher valence; <as>as <ex>nickelic</ex> oxide</as>.</def>

<h1>Nickeliferous</h1>
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<hw>Nick`el*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nickel</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing nickel; <as>as, <ex>nickelferous</ex> iron</as>.</def>

<h1>Nickeline</h1>
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<hw>Nick"el*ine</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alloy of nickel, a variety of German silver.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Niccolite.</def>

<h1>Nickelous</h1>
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<hw>Nick"el*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, those compounds of nickel in which, as contrasted with the <i>nickelic</i> compounds, the metal has a lower valence; <as>as, <ex>nickelous</ex> oxide</as>.</def>

<i>Frankland.</i>

<h1>Nicker</h1>
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<hw>Nick"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Nick</er>, <er>v</er>.<er>t</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the night brawlers of London formerly noted for breaking windows with half-pence.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The cutting lip which projects downward at the edge of a boring bit and cuts a circular groove in the wood to limit the size of the hole that is bored.</def>

<h1>Nicker nut</h1>
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<hw>Nick"er nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A rounded seed, rather smaller than a nutmeg, having a hard smooth shell, and a yellowish or bluish color. The seeds grow in the prickly pods of tropical, woody climbers of the genus <spn>C\'91salpinia</spn>. <spn>C. Bonduc</spn> has yellowish seeds; <spn>C.Bonducella</spn>, bluish gray.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>neckar nut</asp>, <asp>nickar nut</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Nicker tree</h1>
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<hw>Nick"er tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The plant producing nicker nuts.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>neckar tree</asp> and <asp>nickar tree</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Nicking</h1>
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<hw>Nick"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Nick</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Coal Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The cutting made by the hewer at the side of the face.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Small coal produced in making the nicking.</def>

<h1>Nickle</h1>
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<hw>Nic"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European woodpecker, or yaffle; -- called also <altname>nicker pecker</altname>.</def>

<h1>Nicknack</h1>
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<hw>Nick"nack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Knickknack</er>.</def>

<h1>Nicknackery</h1>
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<hw>Nick"nack`er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Knickknackery</er>.</def>

<h1>Nickname</h1>
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<hw>Nick"name`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ekename</ets> surname, hence, a nickname, <ets>an ekename</ets> being understood as <ets>a nekename</ets>, influenced also by E. <ets>nick</ets>, v. See <er>Eke</er>, and <er>Name</er>.]</ety> <def>A name given in contempt, derision, or sportive familiarity; a familiar or an opprobrious appellation.</def>

<h1>Nickname</h1>
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<hw>Nick"name`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nicknamed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nicknaming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To give a nickname to; to call by a nickname.</def>

<blockquote>You <b>nickname</b> virtue; vice you should have spoke.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I altogether disclaim what has been <b>nicknamed</b> the doctrine of finality.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
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Page 975<p>

<h1>Nicolaitan</h1>
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<hw>Ni`co*la"i*tan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from <ets>Nicolas</ets> of Antioch, mentioned in Acts vi. 5.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of certain corrupt persons in the early church at Ephesus, who are censured in rev. ii. 6, 15.</def>

<h1>Nicotian</h1>
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<hw>Ni*co"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>nicotiane</ets>; -- so called from <ets>Nicot</ets>, who introduced it into France, <er>a</er>.<er>d</er>. 15<?/0.]</ety> <def>Tobacco.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Nicotian</h1>
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<hw>Ni*co"tian</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, tobacco.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Nicotian</h1>
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<hw>Ni*co"ti*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Nicotian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of American and Asiatic solanaceous herbs, with viscid foliage and funnel-shaped blossoms. Several species yield tobacco. See <er>Tobacco</er>.</def>

<h1>Nicotianine</h1>
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<hw>Ni*co"ti*a*nine</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>nicotianine</ets>. See <er>Nicotian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white waxy substance having a hot, bitter taste, extracted from tobacco leaves and called also <altname>tobacco camphor</altname>.</def>

<h1>Nicotic</h1>
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<hw>Ni*cot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Nicotinic.</def>

<h1>Nicotidine</h1>
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<hw>Ni*cot"i*dine</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nicot</ets>ine + pyr<ets>idine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A complex, oily, nitrogenous base, isomeric with nicotine, and obtained by the reduction of certain derivatives of the pyridine group.</def>

<h1>Nicotine</h1>
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<hw>Nic"o*tine</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>nicotine</ets>. See <er>Nicotian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid which is the active principle of tobacco. It is a colorless, transparent, oily liquid, having an acrid odor, and an acrid burning taste. It is intensely poisonous.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Nicotinic</h1>
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<hw>Nic`o*tin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, nicotine; nicotic; -- used specifically to designate an acid related to pyridine, obtained by the oxidation of nicotine, and called <i>nicotinic acid</i>.</def>

<h1>Nictate</h1>
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<hw>Nic"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nictare</ets>, <ets>nictatum</ets>, from <ets>nicere</ets> to beckon.]</ety> <def>To wink; to nictitate.</def>

<h1>Nictation</h1>
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<hw>Nic*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nictatio</ets> <?/ cf. F. <ets>nictation</ets>.]</ety> <def>the act of winking; nictitation.</def>

<h1>Nictitate</h1>
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<hw>Nic"ti*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Nictate</er>.]</ety> <def>To wink; to nictate.</def>

<cs><col>Nictitating membrance</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a thin membrance, found in many animals at the inner angle, or beneath the lower lid, of the eye, and capable of being drawn across the eyeball; the third eyelid; the haw.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nictitation</h1>
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<hw>Nic`ti*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of winking.</def>

<h1>Nidamental</h1>
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<hw>Nid`a*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nidamentum</ets> materials for a nest, fr. <ets>nidus</ets> nest. See <er>Nest</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>of, pertaining to, or baring, eggs or egg capsules; <as>as, the <ex>nidament</ex> capsules of certain gastropods; <ex>nidamental</ex> glands</as>. See <ex>Illust</ex>. of <er>Dibranchiata</er>.</def>

<h1>Nidary</h1>
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<hw>Ni"da*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nidus</ets> a nest.]</ety> <def>A collection of nests.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>velyn.</i>

<h1>Nide</h1>
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<hw>Nide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nidus</ets> a nest: cf. F. <ets>nid</ets>.]</ety> <def>A nestful; a brood; <as>as, a <ex>nide</ex> of pheasants</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nidering</h1>
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<hw>Ni"der*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Niding</er>.]</ety> <def>Infamous; dastardly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Nidgery</h1>
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<hw>Nidg"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Nidget</er>.]</ety> <def>A trifle; a piece of foolery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skinner.</i>

<h1>Nidget</h1>
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<hw>Nidg"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>nigget</asp>, <asp>nigeot</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nigaud</ets> a boody, fool, OF. <ets>niger</ets> to play the fool.]</ety> <def>A fool; an idiot, a coward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Nidificate</h1>
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<hw>Nid"i*fi*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nidificated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nidificating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>nidificare</ets>, <ets>nidificatum</ets>; <ets>nidus</ets> nest + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>, and cf. <er>nest</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a nest.</def>

<blockquote>Where are the fishes which <b>nidificated</b> in trees?
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nidification</h1>
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<hw>Nid`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nidification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of building a nest.</def>

<h1>Niding</h1>
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<hw>Ni"ding</hw> <tt>(n&imac;"d&icr;ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>nithing</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[AS. <ets>n&imac;&edh;ing</ets>, fr. <ets>n&imac;&edh;</ets> wickness, malice, hatred.]</ety> <def>A coward; a dastard; -- a term of utmost opprobrium.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He is worthy to be called a <b>niding</b>.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nidor</h1>
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<hw>Ni"dor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Scent or savor of meat or food, cooked or cooking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Nidorose</h1>
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<hw>Ni"dor*ose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Nidorous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Nidorous</h1>
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<hw>Ni"dor*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nidorosus</ets> steaming, reeking: cf. F. <ets>nidoreux</ets>. See <er>Nidor</er>.]</ety> <def>Resembling the smell or taste of roast meat, or of corrupt animal matter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Nidulant</h1>
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<hw>Nid"u*lant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nidulans</ets>, p.pr.: cf. F. <er>Nidulant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Nestling, as a bird in itss nest.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Lying loose in pulp or cotton within a berry or pericarp, as in a nest.</def>

<h1>Nidulate</h1>
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<hw>Nid"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nidulated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nidulating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>nidulari</ets>, fr. <ets>nidulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>nidus</ets> a nest.]</ety> <def>To make a nest, as a bird.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Nidulation</h1>
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<hw>Nid`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The time of remaining in the nest.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Nidulite</h1>
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<hw>Nid"u*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nidulus</ets> a little nest.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A Silurian fossil, formerly supposed to consist of eggs.</def>

<h1>Nidus</h1>
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<hw>Ni"dus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>nidi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Nidi</er>, <er>Nest</er>.]</ety> <def>A nest: a repository for the eggs of birds, insects, etc.; a breeding place; esp., the place or substance where parasites or the germs of a disease effect lodgment or are developed.</def>

<h1>Niece</h1>
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<hw>Niece</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nece</ets>, F. <ets>ni\'8ace</ets>, LL. <ets>neptia</ets>, for L. <ets>neptis</ets> a granddaughter, niece, akin to <ets>nepos</ets>. See <er>Nephew</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A relative, in general; especially, a descendant, whether male or female; a granddaughter or a grandson.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson. Wyclif. Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A daughter of one's brother or sister, or of one's brother-in-law or sister-in-law.</def><-- primary usage -->

<h1>Nief</h1>
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<hw>Nief</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Neif</er>, the fist.</def>

<h1>Niellist</h1>
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<hw>Ni*el"list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices the style of ornamentation called <i>niello</i>.</def>

<h1>Niello</h1>
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<hw>Ni*el"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>niello</ets>, LL. <ets>nigellum</ets> a black of blackish enamel, fr. L. <ets>nigellus</ets>, dim. of <ets>niger</ets> black. See <er>Negro</er>, and cf. <er>Anneal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A metallic alloy of a deep black color.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The art, process, or method of decorating metal with incised designs filled with the black alloy.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A piece of metal, or any other object, so decorated.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An impression on paper taken from an ancient incised decoration or metal plate.</def>

<h1>Nifle</h1>
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<hw>Ni"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.]</ety> <def>A trifle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Niggard</h1>
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<hw>Nig"gard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>hn\'94ggr</ets> niggardly, stingy + <ets>-ard</ets>; cf. Sw. <ets>njugg</ets>, AS. <ets>hne\'a0w</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person meanly close and covetous; one who spends grudgingly; a stingy, parsimonous fellow; a miser.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>A penurious <b>niggard</b> of his wealth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Be <b>niggards</b> of advice on no pretense.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Niggard</h1>
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<hw>Nig"gard</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a niggard; meanly covetous or parsimonious; niggardly; miserly; stingy.</def>

<h1>Niggard</h1>
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<hw>Nig"gard</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To act the niggard toward; to be niggardly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Niggardise</h1>
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<hw>Nig"gard*ise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Niggardliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Niggardish</h1>
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<hw>Nig"gard*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat niggard.</def>

<h1>Niggardliness</h1>
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<hw>Nig"gard*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being niggard; meanness in giving or spending; parsimony; stinginess.</def>

<blockquote><b>Niggardliness</b> is not good husbandry.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Niggardly</h1>
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<hw>Nig"gard*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Meanly covetous or avarcious in dealing with others; stingy; niggard.</def>

<blockquote>Where the owner of the house will be bountiful, it is not for the steward to be <b>niggardly</b>.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Avarcious; covetous; parsimonious; sparing; miserly; penurios; sordid; stingy. See <er>Avaricious</er>.</syn>

<h1>Niggardly</h1>
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<hw>Nig"gard*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a niggard manner.</def>

<h1>Niggardness</h1>
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<hw>Nig"gard*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Niggardliness.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Niggardous</h1>
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<hw>Nig"gard*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Niggardly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Covetous gathering and <b>niggardous</b> keeping.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Naggardship</h1>
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<hw>Nag"gard*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Niggardliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Niggardy</h1>
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<hw>Nig"gard*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Niggardliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>nigged</h1>
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<hw>nigged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>nig</ets> to clip money.]</ety> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>Hammer-dressed; -- said of building stone.</def>

<h1>Nigger</h1>
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<hw>Nig"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A negro; -- in vulgar derision or depreciation.</def>

<h1>Niggish</h1>
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<hw>Nig"gish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Niggard</er>.]</ety> <def>Niggardly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Niggle</h1>
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<hw>Nig"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Niggled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Niggling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Dim. of Prov. E. <ets>nig</ets> to clip money; cf. also Prov. E. <ets>nig</ets> a small piece.]</ety> <def>To trifle with; to deceive; to mock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Niggle</h1>
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<hw>Nig"gle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To trifle or play.</def>

<blockquote>Take heed, daughter,
You <b>niggle</b> not with your conscience and religion.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act or walk mincingly.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fret and snarl about trifles.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Niggler</h1>
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<hw>Nig"gler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who niggles.</def>

<h1>Nigh</h1>
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<hw>Nigh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Nigher</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Nighest</er>, or <er>Next</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>nigh</ets>, <ets>neigh</ets>, <ets>neih</ets>, AS. <ets>ne\'a0h</ets>, <ets>n<?/h</ets>; akin to D. <ets>na</ets>, adv., OS. <ets>n\'beh</ets>, a., OHG. <ets>n\'beh</ets>, G. <ets>nah</ets>, a., <ets>nach</ets> to, after, Icel. <ets>n\'be</ets> (in comp.) nigh, Goth. <ets>n<?/hw</ets>, <ets>n<?/hwa</ets>, adv., nigh. Cf. <er>Near</er>, <er>Neighbor</er>, <er>Next</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not distant or remote in place or time; near.</def>

<blockquote>The loud tumult shows the battle <b>nigh</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not remote in degree, kindred, circumstances, etc.; closely allied; intimate.</def> "<i>Nigh</i> kinsmen."

<i>Knolles.</i>

<blockquote>Ye ... are made <b>nigh</b> by the blood of Christ.
<i>Eph. ii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Near; close; adjacent; contiguous; present; neighboring.</syn>

<h1>Nigh</h1>
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<hw>Nigh</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ne\'a0h</ets>, <ets>n<?/h</ets>. See <er>Nigh</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a situation near in place or time, or in the course of events; near.</def>

<blockquote>He was sick, <b>nigh</b> unto death.
<i>Phil. ii. 27.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He drew not <b>nigh</b> unheard; the angel bright,
Ere he drew <b>nigh</b>, his radiant visage turned.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Almost; nearly; <as>as, he was <ex>nigh</ex> dead</as>.</def>

<h1>Nigh</h1>
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<hw>Nigh</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To draw nigh (to); to approach; to come near.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif (Matt. iii. 2).</i>

<h1>Nigh</h1>
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<hw>Nigh</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Near to; not remote or distant from.</def> "was not this <i>nigh</i> shore?"

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Nighly</h1>
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<hw>Nigh"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a near relation in place, time, degree, etc.; within a little; almost.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A cube and a sphere ... <b>nighly</b> of the same bigness.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nighness</h1>
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<hw>Nigh"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being nigh.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Nighness</i> of blood."

<i>Holished.</i>

<h1>Night</h1>
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<hw>Night</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>night</ets>, <ets>niht</ets>, AS. <ets>neaht</ets>, <ets>niht</ets>; akin to D. <ets>nacht</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>naht</ets>, G. <ets>nacht</ets>, Icel. <ets>n<?/tt</ets>, Sw. <ets>natt</ets>, Dan. <ets>nat</ets>, Goth. nachts, Lith. <ets>naktis</ets>, Russ. <ets>noche</ets>, W. <ets>nos</ets>, Ir. <ets>nochd</ets>, L. <ets>nox</ets>, <ets>noctis</ets>, gr. <?/, <?/, Skr. <ets>nakta</ets>, <ets>nakti</ets>. &root; 265. Cf. <er>Equinox</er>, <er>Nocturnal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That part of the natural day when the sun is beneath the horizon, or the time from sunset to sunrise; esp., the time between dusk and dawn, when there is no light of the sun, but only moonlight, starlight, or artificial light.</def>

<blockquote>And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called <b>Night</b>.
<i>Gen. i. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> Hence: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Darkness; obscurity; concealment.</def>

<blockquote>Nature and nature's laws lay hid in <b>night</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Intellectual and moral darkness; ignorance</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A state of affliction; adversity; as, a dreary <i>night</i> of sorrow</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The period after the close of life; death</def>.

<blockquote>She closed her eyes in everlasting <b>night</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>A lifeless or unenlivened period, as when nature seems to sleep.</def> "Sad winter's <i>night</i>".

<i>Spenser.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Night</i> is sometimes used, esp. with participles, in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, <i>night</i>-blooming, <i>night</i>-born, <i>night</i>-warbling, etc.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Night by night</col>, <col>Night after night</col></mcol>, <cd>nightly; many nights.</cd>

<blockquote>So help me God, as I have watched the night,
Ay, <b>night by night</b>, in studying good for England.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Night bird</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The moor hen (<spn>Gallinula chloropus</spn>).</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Manx shearwater (<spn>Puffinus Anglorum</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Night blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Hemeralopia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Night cart</col>, <cd>a cart used to remove the contents of privies by night.</cd> -- <col>Night churr</col>, <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the nightjar.</cd> -- <col>Night crow</col>, <cd>a bird that cries in the night.</cd> -- <col>Night dog</col>, <cd>a dog that hunts in the night, -- used by poachers.</cd> -- <col>Night fire</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Fire burning in the night.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Ignis fatuus; Will-o'-the-wisp; Jask-with-a-lantern</cd>. -- <col>Night flyer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any creature that flies in the night, as some birds and insects.</cd> -- <col>night glass</col>, <cd>a spyglass constructed to concentrate a large amount of light, so as see objects distinctly at night.</cd> <i>Totten.</i> -- <col>Night green</col>, <cd>iodine green.</cd> -- <col>Night hag</col>, <cd>a witch supposed to wander in the night.</cd> -- <col>Night hawk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American bird (<spn>Chordeiles Virginianus</spn>), allied to the goatsucker.  It hunts the insects on which it feeds toward evening, on the wing, and often, diving down perpendicularly, produces a loud whirring sound, like that of a spinning wheel.</cd> Also sometimes applied to the European goatsuckers. It is called also <altname>bull bat</altname>. -- <col>Night heron</col> (<spn>Zo\'94l</spn>.), <cd>any one of several species of herons of the genus <spn>Nycticorax</spn>, found in various parts of the world. The best known species is <spn>Nycticorax griseus</spn>, or <spn>N. nycticorax</spn>, of Europe, and the American variety (var. <spn>n\'91vius</spn>). The yellow-crowned night heron (<spn>Nycticorax violaceus</spn>) inhabits the Southern States.</cd> Called also <altname>qua-bird</altname>, and <altname>squawk</altname>. -- <col>Night house</col>, <cd>a public house, or inn, which is open at night.</cd> -- <col>Night key</col>, <cd>a key for unfastening a night latch.</cd> -- <col>Night latch</col>, <cd>a kind of latch for a door, which is operated from the outside by a key.</cd> -- <col>Night monkey</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an owl monkey.</cd> -- <col>night moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of the noctuids.</cd> -- <col>Night parrot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the kakapo.</cd> -- <col>Night piece</col>, <cd>a painting representing some night scene, as a moonlight effect, or the like.</cd> -- <col>Night rail</col>, <cd>a loose robe, or garment, worn either as a nightgown, or over the dress at night, or in sickness.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Night raven</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bird of ill omen that cries in the night; esp., the bittern.</cd> -- <col>Night rule</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A tumult, or frolic, in the night; -- as if a corruption, of <i>night revel</i>.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Such conduct as generally rules, or prevails, at night.</cd>

<blockquote>What <b>night rule</b> now about this haunted grove?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Night sight</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Nyctolopia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Night snap</col>, <cd>a night thief.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

-- <col>Night soil</col>, <cd>human excrement; -- so called because in cities it is collected by night and carried away for manure.</cd> -- <col>Night spell</col>, <cd>a charm against accidents at night.</cd> -- <col>Night swallow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the nightjar.</cd> -- <col>Night walk</col>, <cd>a walk in the evening or night.</cd> -- <col>Night walker</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>One who walks in his sleep; a somnambulist; a noctambulist.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>One who roves about in the night for evil purposes; specifically, a prostitute who walks the streets</cd>. -- <col>Night walking</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Walking in one's sleep; somnambulism; noctambulism.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Walking the streets at night with evil designs</cd>. -- <col>Night warbler</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the sedge warbler (<spn>Acrocephalus phragmitis</spn>); -- called also <altname>night singer</altname>.</cd> <mark>[prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Night watch</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A period in the night, as distinguished by the change of watch.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A watch, or guard, to aford protection in the night</cd>. -- <col>Night watcher</col>, one who watches in the night; especially, one who watches with evil designs. -- <col>Night witch</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Night hag</er>, above.</cd></cs>

<h1>Night-blooming</h1>
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<hw>Night"-bloom`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Blooming in the night.</def>

<cs><col>Night-blooming cereus</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See Note under <er>Cereus</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nightcap</h1>
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<hw>Night"cap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cap worn in bed to protect the head, or in undress.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A potion of spirit drank at bedtime.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Nightdress</h1>
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<hw>Night"dress`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nightgown.</def>

<h1>Nighted</h1>
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<hw>Night"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Darkness; clouded.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Overtaken by night; belated.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Nightertale</h1>
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<hw>Night"er*tale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>n\'bettarpel</ets>.]</ety> <def>period of night; nighttime.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Night-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Night"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of seeing at night; sharp-eyed.</def> "Your <i>night-eyed</i> Tiberius."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Nightfall</h1>
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<hw>Night"fall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The close of the day.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Night-faring</h1>
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<hw>Night"-far`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Going or traveling in the night.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Nightgown</h1>
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<hw>Night"gown`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A loose gown used for undress; also, a gown used for a sleeping garnment.</def>

<h1>Nightingale</h1>
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<hw>Night"in*gale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nihtegale</ets>,<ets>nightingale</ets>, AS. <ets>nihtegale</ets>; <ets>niht</ets> night + <ets>galan</ets> to sing, akin to E. <ets>yell</ets>; cf. D. <ets>nachtegaal</ets>, OS. <ets>nahtigala</ets>, OHG. <ets>nahtigala</ets>, G. <ets>nachtigall</ets>, Sw. <ets>n\'84ktergal</ets>, Dan. <ets>nattergal</ets>. See <er>Night</er>, and <er>Yell</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, plain, brown and gray European song bird (<spn>Luscinia luscinia</spn>). It sings at night, and is celebrated for the sweetness of its song.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A larger species (<spn>Lucinia philomela</spn>), of Eastern Europe, having similar habits; the thrush nightingale. The name is also applied to other allied species.</def>

<cs><col>Mock nightingale</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Blackcap</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1 <sd>(a)</sd>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nightish</h1>
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<hw>Night"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to night.</def>

<h1>Nightjar</h1>
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<hw>Night"jar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A goatsucker, esp. the European species. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Goatsucker</er>.</def>

<h1>Nightless</h1>
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<hw>Night"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no night.</def>

<h1>Nightlong</h1>
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<hw>Night"long`</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lasting all night.</def>

<h1>Nightly</h1>
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<hw>Night"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the night, or to every night; happening or done by night, or every night; <as>as, <ex>nightly</ex> shades; he kept <ex>nightly</ex> vigils.</as></def>

<h1>Nightly</h1>
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<hw>Night"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>At night; every night.</def>

<h1>Nightman</h1>
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<hw>Night"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nightmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One whose business is emptying privies by night.</def>

<hr>
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<h1>Nightmare</h1>
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<hw>Night"mare`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Night</ets> + <ets>mare</ets> incubus. See <er>Mare</er> incubus.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fiend or incubus formerly supposed to cause trouble in sleep.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A condition in sleep usually caused by improper eating or by digestive or nervous troubles, and characterized by a sense of extreme uneasiness or discomfort (as of weight on the chest or stomach, impossibility of motion or speech, etc.), or by frightful or oppressive dreams, from which one wakes after extreme anxiety, in a troubled state of mind; incubus.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, any overwhelming, oppressive, or stupefying influence.</def>

<h1>Nightshade</h1>
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<hw>Night"shade`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>nichtscadu</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A common name of many species of the genus <spn>Solanum</spn>, given esp. to the <spn>Solanum nigrum</spn>, or black nightshade, a low, branching weed with small white flowers and black berries reputed to be poisonous.</def>

<cs><col>Deadly nightshade</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Belladonna</er> <sd>(a)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Enchanter's nightshade</col>. <cd>See under <er>Enchanter</er>.</cd> -- <col>Stinking nightshade</col>. <cd>See <er>Henbane</er>.</cd> -- <col>Three-leaved nightshade</col>. <cd>See <er>Trillium</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nightshirt</h1>
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<hw>Night"shirt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of nightgown for men.</def>

<h1>Nighttime</h1>
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<hw>Night"time`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The time from dusk to dawn; -- opposed to <ant>daytime</ant>.</def>

<h1>Nightward</h1>
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<hw>Night"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Approaching toward night.</def>

<h1>Nigraniline</h1>
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<hw>Ni*gran"i*line</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>niger</ets> black + E. <ets>aniline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The complex, nitrogenous, organic base and dyestuff called also <altname>aniline black</altname>.</def>

<h1>Nigrescent</h1>
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<hw>Ni*gres"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nigrescens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>nigrescere</ets> to grow black, fr. <ets>niger</ets> black. See <er>Negro</er>.]</ety> <def>Growing black; changing to a black color; approaching to blackness.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Nigrification</h1>
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<hw>Nig`ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nigrificare</ets> to blacken; <ets>niger</ets> black + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of making black.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Nigrine</h1>
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<hw>Ni"grine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>niger</ets> black: cf. F. <ets>nigrine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A ferruginous variety of rutile.</def>

<h1>Nigritude</h1>
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<hw>Nig"ri*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nigritudo</ets>, fr. <ets>niger</ets> black.]</ety> <def>Blackness; the state of being black.</def>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Nigromancie</h1>
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<hw>Nig"ro*man`cie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Necromancy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nigromancien</h1>
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<hw>Nig"ro*man`cien</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A necromancer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>These false enchanters or <b>nigromanciens</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nigrosine</h1>
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<hw>Ni"gro*sine</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>niger</ets> black.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A dark blue dyestuff, of the induline group; -- called also <altname>azodiphenyl blue</altname>.</def>

<h1>Nigua</h1>
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<hw>Ni"gua</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The chigoe.</def>

<h1>Nihil</h1>
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<hw>Ni"hil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Nothing.</def>

<cs><col>Nihil album</col> <ety>[L., white nothing]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>oxide of zinc.</cd> See under <er>Zinc</er>. --  <col>Nihil debet</col> <ety>[L., he owes nothing]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the general issue in certain actions of debt.</cd> -- <col>Nihil dicit</col> <ety>[L., he says nothing]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a declinature by the defendant to plead or answer.</cd></cs>

<i>Tomlins.</i>

<h1>Nihilism</h1>
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<hw>Ni"hil*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nihil</ets> nothing: cf. F. <ets>nihilisme</ets>. See <er>Annihilate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Nothingness; nihility.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The doctrine that nothing can be known; scepticism as to all knowledge and all reality.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Politics)</fld> <def>The theories and practices of the Nihilists.</def>

<h1>Nihilist</h1>
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<hw>Ni"hil*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nihiliste</ets>. See <er>Nihilism</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who advocates the doctrine of nihilism; one who believes or teaches that nothing can be known, or asserted to exist.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Politics)</fld> <def>A member of a secret association (esp. in Russia), which is devoted to the destruction of the present political, religious, and social institutions.</def>

<h1>Nihilistic</h1>
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<hw>Ni`hil*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or characterized by, nihilism.</def>

<h1>Nihility</h1>
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<hw>Ni*hil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nihilit\'82</ets>. See <er>Nihilism</er>.]</ety> <def>Nothingness; a state of being nothing.</def>

<h1>Nil</h1>
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<hw>Nil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Nill</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Will not.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nil</h1>
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<hw>Nil</hw>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <ety>[L., a contr. of <ets>nihil</ets>.]</ety> <def>Nothing; of no account; worthless; -- a term often used for canceling, in accounts or bookkeeping.</def>

<i>A. J. Ellis.</i>

<-- (computers) A special value used in certain computer languages to mean "no value", to be distinguished from the value zero. -->

<h1>Nile</h1>
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<hw>Nile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Nilus</ets>, gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>The great river of Egypt.</def>

<cs><col>Nile bird</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The wryneck</cd>. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The crocodile bird.</cd> -- <col>Nile goose</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Egyptian goose. See Note under <er>Goose</er>, 2.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nilgau</h1>
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<hw>Nil"gau</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>see <er>Nylghau</er>.</def>

<h1>Nill</h1>
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<hw>Nill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nilled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nilling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>nilan</ets>, <ets>nyllan</ets>; <ets>ne</ets> not + <ets>willan</ets> to will. See <er>No</er>, and <er>Will</er>.]</ety> <def>Not to will; to refuse; to reject.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Certes, said he, I <b>nill</b> thine offered grace.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nill</h1>
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<hw>Nill</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be unwilling; to refuse to act.</def>

<blockquote>The actions of the will are "velle" and "nolle," to will and <b>nill</b>.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Will he, nill he</col>, <cd>whether he wills it or not.</cd></cs><-- contracted to willy-nilly -->

<h1>Nill</h1>
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<hw>Nill</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>neul</ets> star, light. Cf. <er>Nebula</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Shining sparks thrown off from melted brass.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Scales of hot iron from the forge.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Nilometer</h1>
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<hw>Ni*lom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ the Nile + <?/ measure: cf. F. <ets>nilom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the rise of water in the Nile during its periodical flood.</def>

<h1>Niloscope</h1>
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<hw>Ni"lo*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ the Nile + <?/ to observe.]</ety> <def>A Nilometer.</def>

<h1>Nilotic</h1>
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<hw>Ni*lot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Niloticus</ets>, fr. <ets>Nilus</ets> th Nile, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>nilotique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the river Nile; <as>as, the <ex>Nilotic</ex> crocodile</as>.</def>

<h1>Nilt</h1>
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<hw>Nilt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>ne wilt</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wilt not.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nim</h1>
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<hw>Nim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Nam</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Nimmed</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Nomen</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Nome</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>niman</ets>. &root; 7. Cf. <er>Nimble</er>.]</ety> <def>To take; to steal; to filch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This canon it in his hand <b>nam</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nimbiferous</h1>
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<hw>Nim*bif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nimbifer</ets>; <ets>nimbus</ets> a cloud + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Serving to bring clouds or stormy weather.</def>

<h1>Nimble</h1>
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<hw>Nim"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Nimbler</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Nimblest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>nimel</ets>, prob. orig., quick at seizing, fr. <ets>nimen</ets> to take, AS. <ets>niman</ets>; akin to D. <ets>nemen</ets>, G. <ets>nehmen</ets>, OHG. <ets>neman</ets>, Icel. <ets>nema</ets>, Goth. nima, and prob. to Gr. <?/ to distribute. &root; 7. cf. <er>Nomand</er>, <er>Numb</er>.]</ety> <def>Light and quick in motion; moving with ease and celerity; lively; swift.</def>

<blockquote>Through the mid seas the <b>nimble</b> pinnace sails.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Nimble</i> is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, <i>nimble</i>-footed, <i>nimble</i>-pinioned, <i>nimble</i>-winged, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Nimble Will</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a slender, branching, American grass (<spn>Muhlenbergia diffusa</spn>), of some repute for grazing purposes in the Mississippi valley.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Agile; quick; active; brisk; lively; prompt.</syn>

<h1>Nimbleness</h1>
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<hw>Nim"ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being nimble; lightness and quickness in motion; agility; swiftness.</def>

<h1>Nimbless</h1>
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<hw>Nim"bless</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Nimbleness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Nimbly</h1>
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<hw>Nim"bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a nimble manner; with agility; with light, quick motion.</def>

<h1>Nimbose</h1>
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<hw>Nim*bose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. nimbosus, fr. <ets>nimbus</ets> cloud.]</ety> <def>Cloudy; stormy; tempestuous.</def>

<h1>Nimbus</h1>
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<hw>Nim"bus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Nimbi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Nimbuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a rain storm, a rain cloud, the cloudshaped which enveloped the gods when they appeared on earth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A circle, or disk, or any indication of radiant light around the heads of divinities, saints, and sovereigns, upon medals, pictures, etc.; a halo. See <er>Aureola</er>, and <er>Glory</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</def>

<note>&hand; "The <i>nimbus</i> is of pagan origin." "As an atribute of <i>power</i>, the <i>nimbus</i> is often seen attached to the heads of evil spirits."

<i>Fairholl.</i>
</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>A rain cloud; one of the four principal varieties of clouds. See <er>Cloud</er>.</def>

<h1>Nimiety</h1>
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<hw>Ni*mi"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nimietas</ets>, fr. <ets>nimius</ets>, a., <ets>nimis</ets>, adv., too much.]</ety> <def>State of being in excess.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>There is a <b>nimiety</b>, a too-muchess, in all Germans.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nimious</h1>
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<hw>Nim"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nimius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Excessive; extravagant; inordinate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nimmer</h1>
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<hw>Nim"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Nim</er>.]</ety> <def>A thief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nin</h1>
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<hw>Nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Fr. <ets>ne in</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not in.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nincompoop</h1>
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<hw>Nin"com*poop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>non compos</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fool; a silly or stupid person.</def> <mark>[Law]</mark>

<blockquote>An old ninnyhammer, a dotard, a <b>nincompoop</b>, is the best language she can afford me.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nine</h1>
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<hw>Nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nine</ets>, <ets>nihen</ets>, AS. <ets>nigon</ets>, <ets>nigan</ets>; akin to D. & LG. <ets>negen</ets>, OS. & OFries. <ets>nigun</ets>, OHG. <ets>niun</ets>, G. <ets>neun</ets>, Icel. <ets>n\'c6u</ets>, sw. <ets>nio</ets>, Dan. <ets>ni</ets>, Goth. <ets>niun</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>naoi</ets>, W. <ets>naw</ets>, L. <ets>novem</ets>, gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>navan</ets>; of unknown origin. <?/ 307. Cf. <er>Novembeer</er>.]</ety> <def>Eight and one more; one less than ten; <as>as, <ex>nine</ex> miles</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Nine men's morris</col>. <cd>See <er>Morris</er>.</cd> -- <col>Nine points circle</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a circle so related to any given triangle as to pass through the three points in which the perpendiculars from the angles of the triangle upon the opposite sides (or the sides produced) meet the sides. It also passes through the three middle points of the sides of the triangle and through the three middle points of those parts of the perpendiculars that are between their common point of meeting and the angles of the triangle. The circle is hence called the <altname>nine points &or; six points circle</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nine</h1>
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<hw>Nine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The number greater than eight by a unit; nine units or objects.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A symbol representing nine units, as 9 or ix.</def>

<cs><col>The Nine</col>, <cd>the nine Muses.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nine-bark</h1>
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<hw>Nine"-bark`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A white-flowered rosaceous shrub (<spn>Neillia, &or; Spir\'91a, opulifolia</spn>), common in the Northern United States.  The bark separates into many thin layers, whence the name.</def>

<h1>Nine-eyes</h1>
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<hw>Nine"-eyes`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lamprey.</def>

<h1>Ninefold</h1>
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<hw>Nine"fold`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Nine times repeated.</def>

<h1>Nineholes</h1>
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<hw>Nine"holes`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>A game in which nine holes are made in the ground, into which a ball is bowled.</def>

<h1>Nine-killer</h1>
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<hw>Nine"-kill`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called because it is believed to kill and impale on thorns nine birds, etc., in succession.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The northern butcher bird.</def>

<h1>Ninepence</h1>
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<hw>Nine"pence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ninepences</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An old English silver coin, worth nine pence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A New England name for the Spanish real, a coin formerly current in the United States, as valued at twelve and a half cents.</def>

<h1>Ninepins</h1>
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<hw>Nine"pins</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>A game played with nine pins, or pieces of wood, set on end, at which a wooden ball is bowled to knock them down; bowling.</def>

<note>&hand; In the United States, <i>ten</i> pins are used for this game, which is therefore often called <i>tenpins</i>.</note>

<h1>Ninescore</h1>
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<hw>Nine"score`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Nine times twenty, or one hundred and eighty.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The product of nine times twenty; ninescore units or objects.</def></def2>

<h1>Nineteen</h1>
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<hw>Nine"teen`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>nigont<?/ne</ets>, <ets>nigont<?/ne</ets>. See <er>Nine</er>, and <er>Ten</er>.]</ety> <def>Nine and ten; eighteen and one more; one less than twenty; <as>as, <ex>nineteen</ex> months</as>.</def>

<h1>Nineteen</h1>
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<hw>Nine"teen`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The number greater than eighteen by a unit; the sum of ten and nine; nineteen units or objects.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A symbol for nineteen units, as 19 or xix.</def>

<h1>Nineteenth</h1>
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<hw>Nine"teenth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>nigonte\'a2<?/a</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Following the eighteenth and preceding the twentieth; coming after eighteen others.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Constituting or being one of nineteen equal parts into which anything is divided.</def>

<h1>Nineteenth</h1>
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<hw>Nine"teenth`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quotient of a unit divided by nineteen; one of nineteen equal parts of anything.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The next in order after the eighteenth.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An interval of two octaves and a fifth.</def>

<h1>Ninetieth</h1>
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<hw>Nine"ti*eth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Next in order after the eighty-ninth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Constituting or being one of ninety equal parts.</def>

<h1>Ninetieth</h1>
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<hw>Nine"ti*eth</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quotient of a unit divided by ninety; one of ninety equal parts of anything.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The next in order after the eighty-ninth.</def>

<h1>Ninety</h1>
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<hw>Nine"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Nine</er>, and cf. <er>Forty</er>.]</ety> <def>Nine times ten; eighty-nine and one more; <as>as, <ex>ninety</ex> men</as>.</def>

<h1>Ninety</h1>
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<hw>Nine"ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nineties</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The sum of nine times ten; the number greater by a unit than eighty-nine; ninety units or objects.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A symbol representing ninety units, as 90 or xc.</def>

<h1>Ninny</h1>
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<hw>Nin"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ninnies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>ninno</ets>, <ets>ninna</ets>, a baby, Sp. <ets>ni\'a4o</ets>, <ets>ni\'a4a</ets>, child, infant, It. <ets>ninna</ets>, <ets>ninna nanna</ets>, lullably, prob. fr. <ets>ni</ets>, <ets>na</ets>, as used in singing a child to sleep.]</ety> <def>A fool; a simpleton.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ninnyhammer</h1>
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<hw>Nin"ny*ham`mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A simpleton; a silly person.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Ninth</h1>
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<hw>Ninth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Nine</er>; cf. AS. <ets>nigo&edh;a</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Following the eight and preceding the tenth; coming after eight others.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Constituting or being one of nine equal parts into which anything is divided.</def>

<h1>Ninth</h1>
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<hw>Ninth</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quotient of one divided by nine; one of nine equal parts of a thing; the next after the eighth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An interval containing an octave and a second.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A chord of the dominant seventh with the ninth added.</def>

<h1>Ninthly</h1>
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<hw>Ninth"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the ninth place.</def>

<h1>Ninut</h1>
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<hw>Nin"ut</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The magpie.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Niobate</h1>
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<hw>Ni"o*bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Niobium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Columbate</er>.</def>

<h1>Niobe</h1>
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<hw>Ni"o*be</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Nioba</ets>, <ets>Niobe</ets>, gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Class, Myth.)</fld> <def>The daughter of Tantalus, and wife of Amphion, king of Thebes. Her pride in her children provoked Apollo and Diana, who slew them all. Niobe herself was changed by the gods into stone.</def>

<h1>Niobic</h1>
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<hw>Ni*ob"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Columbic</er>.</def>

<h1>Niobite</h1>
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<hw>Ni"o*bite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Columbite</er>.</def>

<h1>Niobium</h1>
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<hw>Ni*o"bi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. & E. <er>Niobe</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A later name of columbium. See <er>Columbium</er>.</def>

<h1>Niopo</h1>
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<hw>Ni*o"po</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of snuff prepared by the natives of Venezuela from the roasted seeds of a leguminous tree (<spn>Piptadenia peregrina</spn>), thence called <altname>niopo tree</altname>.</def>

<h1>Nip</h1>
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<hw>Nip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LG. & D. <ets>nippen</ets> to sip; akin to Dan. <ets>nippe</ets>, G. <ets>nippen</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sip or small draught; esp., a draught of intoxicating liquor; a dram.</def>

<h1>Nip</h1>
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<hw>Nip</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nipped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, less properly <er>Nipt</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nipping</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>nipen</ets>; cf. D. <ets>niipen</ets> to pinch, also <ets>knippen</ets> to nip, clip, pinch, snap, <ets>knijpen</ets> to pinch, LG. <ets>knipen</ets>, G. <ets>kneipen</ets>, <ets>kneifen</ets>, to pinch, cut off, nip, Lith. <ets>knebti</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To catch and inclose or compress tightly between two surfaces, or points which are brought together or closed; to pinch; to close in upon.</def>

<blockquote>May this hard earth cleave to the Nadir hell,
Down, down, and close again, and <b>nip</b> me flat,
If I be such a traitress.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To remove by pinching, biting, or cutting with two meeting edges of anything; to clip.</def>

<blockquote>The small shoots ... must be <b>nipped</b> off.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: To blast, as by frost; to check the growth or vigor of; to destroy.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To vex or pain, as by nipping; hence, to taunt.</def>

<blockquote>And sharp remorse his heart did prick and <b>nip</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To nip in the bud</col>, <cd>to cut off at the verycommencement of growth; to kill in the incipient stage.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nip</h1>
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<hw>Nip</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A seizing or closing in upon; a pinching; <as>as, in the northern seas, the <ex>nip</ex> of masses of ice</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pinch with the nails or teeth.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small cut, or a cutting off the end.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A blast; a killing of the ends of plants by frost.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A biting sarcasm; a taunt.</def>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A short turn in a rope.</def>

<cs><col>Nip and tuck</col>, <cd>a phrase signifying equality in a contest. <mark>[Low, U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Nipper</h1>
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<hw>Nip"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, nips.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fore tooth of a horse. The nippers are four in number.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A satirist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A pickpocket; a young or petty thief.</def> <mark>[Old Cant]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The cunner.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A European crab (<spn>Polybius Henslowii</spn>).</def>

<h1>Nipperkin</h1>
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<hw>Nip"per*kin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Nip</er>.]</ety> <def>A small cup.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nippers</h1>
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<hw>Nip"pers</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[From 2d <er>Nip</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Small pinchers for holding, breaking, or cutting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A device with fingers or jaws for seizing an object and holding or conveying it; as, in a printing press, a clasp for catching a sheet and conveying it to the form.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A number of rope-yarns wound together, used to secure a cable to the messenger.</def>

<h1>Nipping</h1>
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<hw>Nip"ping</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Biting; pinching; painful; destructive; <as>as, a <ex>nipping</ex> frost; a <ex>nipping</ex> wind.</as></def>

<h1>Nippingly</h1>
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<hw>Nip"ping*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a nipping manner.</def>

<h1>Nippitate</h1>
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<hw>Nip"pi*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. 1st <er>Nip</er>.]</ety> <def>Peculiary strong and good; -- said of ale or liquor.</def> <mark>[Old Cant]</mark>

<blockquote>'T will make a cup of wine taste <b>nippitate</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nippitato</h1>
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<hw>Nip`pi*ta"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Strong liquor.</def> <mark>[Old Cant]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Nipple</h1>
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<hw>Nip"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formerly <ets>neble</ets>, a dim. of <ets>neb</ets>. See <er>Neb</er>, <er>Nib</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The protuberance through which milk is drawn from the breast or mamma; the mammilla; a teat; a pap.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The orifice at which any animal liquid, as the oil from an oil bag, is discharged.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Derham.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any small projection or article in which there is an orifice for discharging a fluid, or for other purposes; <as>as, the <ex>nipple</ex> of a nursing bottle; the <ex>nipple</ex> of a percussion lock, or that part on which the cap is put and through which the fire passes to the charge.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A pipe fitting, consisting of a short piece of pipe, usually provided with a screw thread at each end, for connecting two other fittings.</def>

<cs><col>Solder nipple</col>, <cd>a short pipe, usually of brass, one end of which is tapered and adapted for attachment to the end of a lead pipe by soldering.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="977">
Page 977<p>

<h1>Nipplewort</h1>
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<hw>Nip"ple*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A yellow-flowered composite herb (<spn>Lampsana communis</spn>), formerly used as an external application to the nipples of women; -- called also <altname>dock-cress</altname>.</def>

<h1>Nirvana</h1>
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<hw>Nir*va"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>nirv\'be&nsdot;a</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the Buddhist system of religion, the final emancipation of the soul from transmigration, and consequently a beatific enfrachisement from the evils of wordly existence, as by annihilation or absorption into the divine. See <er>Buddhism</er>.</def>

<h1>Nis</h1>
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<hw>Nis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From <ets>ne is</ets>.]</ety> <def>Is not.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nisan</h1>
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<hw>Ni"san</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>n\'c6s\'ben</ets>.]</ety> <def>The first month of the jewish ecclesiastical year, formerly answering nearly to the month of April, now to March, of the Christian calendar. See <er>Abib</er>.</def>

<h1>Nisey</h1>
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<hw>Ni"sey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nyseys</plw>.</plu> <def>A simpleton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nisi</h1>
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<hw>Ni"si</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Unless; if not.</def><-- Law -->

<note>&hand; In legal proceedings, this word is used to indicate that any order, etc., shall take effect at a given time, <i>unless</i> before that time the order, etc., in modified, or something else is done to prevent its taking effect. Continuance <i>nisi</i> is a conditional continuance of the case till the next term of the court, <i>unless</i> otherwise disposed of in the mean time.</note>

<cs><col>Nisi prius</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>unless before; -- a phrase applied to terms of court, held generally by a single judge, with a jury, for the trial of civil causes.  The term originated in a legal fiction. An issue of fact being made up, it is, according to the English practice, appointed by the entry on the record, or written proceedings, to be tried by a jury from the county of which the proceedings are dated, at Westminster, <i>unless before<i> the day appointed (<i>nisi prius<i>) the judges shall have come to the county in question (which they always do) and there try the cause. See <cref>In banc</cref>, under <er>Banc</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Niste</h1>
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<hw>Nis"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Contr. from <ets>ne wiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wist not; knew not.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nisus</h1>
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<hw>Ni"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>niti</ets>, p.p. <ets>nisus</ets>, to strive.]</ety> <def>A striving; an effort; a conatus.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>nisus</b> or energizing towards a presented object.
<i>Hickok.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nit</h1>
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<hw>Nit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hnitu</ets>; akin to D. <ets>neet</ets>, G. <ets>niss</ets>, OHG. <ets>niz</ets>; cf. gr. <?/, <?/, Icel. <ets>gnit</ets>, Sw. <ets>gnet</ets>, Dan. <ets>gnid</ets>, Russ. & Pol. <ets>gnida</ets>, Bohem. hnida, W. <ets>nedd</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The egg of a louse or other small insect.</def>

<cs><col>Nit grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a pretty annual European grass (<spn>Gastridium lendigerum</spn>), with small spikelets somewhat resembling a nit. It is also found in California and Chili.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nitency</h1>
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<hw>Ni"ten*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nitens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>nitere</ets> to shine.]</ety> <def>Brightness; luster.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Nitency</h1>
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<hw>Ni"ten*cy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From :. <ets>nitens</ets>, p.pr. pf <ets>niti</ets> to strive.]</ety> <def>Endeavor; rffort; tendency.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Niter, Nitre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ni"ter</hw>, <hw>Ni"tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>nitre</ets>, L. <ets>nitrum</ets> native soda, natron, Gr. <?/; cf. Ar. <ets>nit<?/n</ets>, <ets>natr<?/n</ets> natron. Cf. <er>Natron</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline semitransparent salt; potassium nitrate; saltpeter. See <er>Saltpeter</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Native sodium carbonate; natron.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For though thou wash thee with <b>niter</b>, and take thee much soap, yet thine iniquity is marked before me.
<i>Jer. ii. 22.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Cubic niter</col>, <cd>a deliquescent salt, sodium nitrate, found as a native incrustation, like niter, in Peru and Chili, whence it is known also as <altname>Chili saltpeter</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Niter bush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus (<spn>Nitraria</spn>) of thorny shrubs bearing edible berries, and growing in the saline plains of Asia and Northern Africa.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nithing</h1>
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<hw>Nith"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Niding</er>.</def>

<h1>Nitid</h1>
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<hw>Nit"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nitidus</ets>, fr. <ets>nitere</ets>. See 3d <er>Neat</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bright; lustrous; shining.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Gay; spruce; fine; -- said of persons.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>T. Reeve.</i>

<h1>Nitranilic</h1>
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<hw>Ni`tra*nil"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + chlor<ets>anil</ets> + <ets>-ic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex organic acid produced as a white crystalline substance by the action of nitrous acid on hydroquinone.</def>

<h1>Nitraniline</h1>
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<hw>Ni*tran"i*line</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + <ets>aniline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a series of nitro derivatives of aniline. In general they are yellow crystalline substances.</def>

<h1>Nitrate</h1>
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<hw>Ni"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nitrate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of nitric acid.</def>

<cs><col>Nitrate of silver</col>, <cd>a white crystalline salt (<chform>AgNO3</chform>), used in photography and as a cauterizing agent; -- called also <altname>lunar caustic</altname>.</cd></cs><-- usu. called silver nitrate -->

<h1>Nitrated</h1>
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<hw>Ni"tra*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined, or impregnated, with nitric acid, or some of its compounds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>Prepared with nitrate of silver.</def>

<h1>Nitratine</h1>
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<hw>Ni"tra*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral occurring in transparent crystals, usually of a white, sometimes of a reddish gray, or lemon-yellow, color; native sodium nitrate. It is used in making nitric acid and for manure. Called also <altname>soda niter</altname>.</def>

<h1>Nitre</h1>
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<hw>Ni"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Niter</er>.</def>

<h1>Nitriary</h1>
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<hw>Ni"tri*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Niter</er>.]</ety> <def>An artificial bed of animal matter for the manufacture of niter by nitrification. See <er>Nitrification</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Nitric</h1>
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<hw>Ni"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nitrique</ets>. See <er>Niter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitrogen; specifically, designating any one of those compounds in which, as contrasted with <i>nitrous</i> compounds, the element has a higher valence; <as>as, <ex>nitric</ex> oxide; <ex>nitric</ex> acid.</as></def>

<cs><col>Nitric acid</col>, <cd>a colorless or yellowish liquid obtained by distilling a nitrate with sulphuric acid. It is powerfully corrosive, being a strong acid, and in decomposition a strong oxidizer.</cd> -- <col>Nitric anhydride</col>, <cd>a white crystalline oxide of nitrogen (<chform>N2O5</chform>), called <altname>nitric pentoxide</altname>, and regarded as the anhydride of nitric acid.</cd> -- <col>Nitric oxide</col>, <cd>a colorless poisous gas (<chform>NO</chform>) obtained by treating nitric acid with copper. On contact with the air or with oxygen, it becomes reddish brown from the formation of nitric dioxide or peroxide.</cd></cs><-- nitric dioxide (nitrogen dioxide) is not defined! = NO2-->

<h1>Nitride</h1>
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<hw>Ni"tride</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[from<er>Nitrogen</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A binary compound of nitrogen with a more metallic element or radical; <as>as, boric <ex>nitride</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Nitriferous</h1>
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<hw>Ni*trif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Niter</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing niter; yielding, or containing, niter.</def>

<h1>Nitrification</h1>
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<hw>Ni`tri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nitrification</ets>. see <er>Nitrify</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act, process, or result of combining with nitrogen or some of its compounds.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The act or process of oxidizing nitrogen or its compounds so as to form nitrous or nitric acid.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A process of oxidation, in which nitrogenous vegetable and animal matter in the presence of air, moisture, and some basic substances, as lime or alkali carbonate, is converted into nitrates.</def>

<note>&hand; The process is going on at all times in porous soils and in water contaminated with nitrogenous matter, and is supposed to be due to the presence of an organized ferment or ferments, called <i>nitrification ferments</i>. In former times the process was extensively made use of in the production of saltpeter.</note>

<h1>Nitrifier</h1>
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<hw>Ni"tri*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An agent employed in nitrification.</def>

<h1>Nitrify</h1>
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<hw>Ni"tri*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nitrified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nitrifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Niter</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>nitrifer</ets>. See <er>Niter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To combine or impregnate with nitrogen; to convert, by oxidation, into nitrous or nitric acid; to subject to, or produce by, nitrification.</def>

<h1>Nitrile</h1>
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<hw>Ni"trile</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Nitro-</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a series of cyanogen compounds; particularly, one of those cyanides of alcohol radicals which, by boiling with acids or alkalies, produce a carboxyl acid, with the elimination of the nitrogen as ammonia.</def>

<note>&hand; The nitriles are named with reference to the acids produced by their decomposition, thus, hydrocyanic acid is <stype>formic nitrile</stype>, and methyl cyanide is <stype>acetic nitrile</stype>.</note><-- usu. acetonitrile -->

<h1>Nitrite</h1>
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<hw>Ni"trite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nitrite</ets>. See <er>Niter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of nitrous acid.</def>

<cs><col>Amyl nitrite</col>, <cd>a yellow oily volatile liquid, used in medicine as a depressant and a vaso-dilator. Its inhalation produces an instantaneous flushing of the face.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nitro-</h1>
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<hw>Ni"tro-</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>A combining form or an adjective denoting the presence of <i>niter</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combining form (used also adjectively) designating <i>certain compounds of nitrogen</i> or <i>of its acids</i>, as <i>nitro</i>hydrochloric, <i>nitro</i>calcite; also, designating the <i>group</i> or <i>radical <chform>NO2</chform></i>, or <i>its compounds</i>, as <i>nitro</i>benzene.</def>

<cs><col>Nitro group</col>, <cd>the radical <chform>NO2</chform>; -- called also <altname>nitroxyl</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nitrobenzene</h1>
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<hw>Ni`tro*ben"zene</hw> <tt>(? &or; ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + <ets>benzene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow aromatic liquid (<chform>C6H5.NO2</chform>), produced by the action of nitric acid on benzene, and called from its odor <altname>imitation oil of bitter almonds</altname>, or <altname>essence of mirbane</altname>. It is used in perfumery, and is manufactured in large quantities in the preparation of aniline. Fornerly called also <altname>nitrobenzol</altname>.</def>

<h1>Nitrobenzol, Nitrobenzole</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ni`tro*ben"zol</hw>, <hw>Ni`tro*ben"zole</hw>, <tt>(<?/ &or; <?/)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Nitrobenzene</er>.</def>

<h1>Nitrocalcite</h1>
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<hw>Ni`tro*cal"cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + <ets>calcite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Nitrate of calcium, a substance having a grayish white color, occuring in efforescences on old walls, and in limestone caves, especially where there exists decaying animal matter.</def>

<h1>Nitrocarbol</h1>
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<hw>Ni`tro*car"bol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + <ets>carbon</ets> + L. <ets>ol</ets>eum oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Nitromethane</er>.</def>

<h1>Nitrocellulose</h1>
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<hw>Ni`tro*cel"lu*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + <ets>cellulose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Gun cotton</cref>, under <er>Gun</er>.</def>

<h1>Nitro-chloroform</h1>
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<hw>Ni`tro-chlo"ro*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + <ets>chloroform</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Chlorpicrin</er>.</def>

<h1>Nitroform</h1>
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<hw>Ni"tro*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + <ets>form</ets>yl.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitro derivative of methane, analogous to chloroform, obtained as a colorless oily or crystalline substance, <chform>CH.(NO2)3</chform>, quite explosive, and having well-defined acid properties.</def>

<h1>Nitrogelatin</h1>
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<hw>Ni`tro*gel"a*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + <ets>gelatin</ets>.]</ety> <def>An explosive consisting of gun cotton and camphor dissolved in nitroglycerin.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>nitrogelatine</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Nitrogen</h1>
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<hw>Ni`tro*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nitrum</ets> natron + <ets>-gen</ets>: cf. F. <ets>nitrog\'8ane</ets>. See <er>Niter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless nonmetallic element, tasteless and odorless, comprising four fifths of the atmosphere by volume. It is chemically very inert in the free state, and as such is incapable of supporting life (hence the name <altname>azote</altname> still used by French chemists); but it forms many important compounds, as ammonia, nitric acid, the cyanides, etc, and is a constituent of all organized living tissues, animal or vegetable. Symbol N. Atomic weight 14. It was formerly regarded as a permanent noncondensible gas, but was liquefied in 1877 by Cailletet of Paris, and Pictet of Geneva.</def>

<h1>Nitrogenize</h1>
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<hw>Ni"tro*gen*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nitrogenized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nitrogenizing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To combine, or impregnate, with nitrogen or its compounds.</def>

<h1>Nitrogenous</h1>
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<hw>Ni*trog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>of, pertaining to, or resembling, nitrogen; <as>as, a <ex>nitrogenous</ex> principle; <ex>nitrogenous</ex> compounds.</as></def>

<cs><col>Nitrogenous foods</col>. <cd>See 2d Note under <er>Food</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nitroglycerin</h1>
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<hw>Ni`tro*glyc"er*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + <ets>glycerinn</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid appearing like a heavy oil, colorless or yellowish, and consisting of a mixture of several glycerin salts of nitric acid, and hence more properly called <altname>glycerin nitrate</altname>. It is made by the action of nitric acid on glycerin in the presence of sulphuric acid. It is extremely unstable and terribly explosive. A very dilute solution is used in medicine as a neurotic under the name of <altname>glonion</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>nitroglycerine</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; A great number of explosive compounds have been produced by mixing nitroglycerin with different substances; as, <i>dynamite</i>, or <i>giant powder</i>, nitroglycerin mixed with siliceous earth; <i>lithofracteur</i>, nitroglycerin with gunpowder, or with sawdust and nitrate of sodium or barium; <i>Colonia powder</i>, gunpowder with nitroglycerin; <i>dualin</i>, nitroglycerin with sawdust, or with sawdust and nitrate of potassium and some other substances; <i>lignose</i>, wood fiber and nitroglycerin.</note>

<h1>Nitrohydrochloric</h1>
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<hw>Ni`tro*hy`dro*chlo"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + <ets>hydrochloric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitric and hydrochloric acids.</def>

<cs><col>Nitrohydrochloric acid</col>, <cd>a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids, usually in the proportion of one part of the former to three of the latter, and remarkable for its solvent action on gold and platinum; -- called also <altname>nitromuriatic acid</altname>, and <altname>aqua regia</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nitrol</h1>
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<hw>Ni"trol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a series of hydrocarbons containing the nitro and the nitroso or isonitroso group united to the same carbon atom.</def>

<h1>Nitroleum</h1>
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<hw>Ni*tro"le*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>nitrum</ets> natron + <ets>oleum</ets> oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Nitroglycerin.</def>

<h1>Nitrolic</h1>
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<hw>Ni*trol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>of, derived from, or designating, a nitrol; <as>as, a <ex>nitrolic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Nitromagnesite</h1>
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<hw>Ni`tro*mag"ne*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + <ets>magnesite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Nitrate of magnesium, a saline efflorescence closely resembling nitrate of calcium.</def>

<h1>Nitrometer</h1>
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<hw>Ni*trom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>nitrom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for determining the amount of nitrogen or some of its compounds in any substance subjected to analysis; an azotometer.</def>

<h1>Nitromethane</h1>
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<hw>Ni`tro*meth"ane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + <ets>methane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitro derivative of methane obtained as a mobile liquid; -- called also <altname>nitrocarbol</altname>.</def>

<h1>Nitromuriatic</h1>
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<hw>Ni`tro*mu`ri*at"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nitromuriatique</ets>. See <er>Nitro-</er>, and <er>Muriatic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or composed of, nitric acid and muriatic acid; nitrohydrochloric. See <er>Nitrohydrochloric</er>.</def>

<h1>Nitrophnol</h1>
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<hw>Ni`tro*ph"nol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + <ets>phenol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a series of nitro derivatives of phenol. They are yellow oily or crystalline substances and have well-defined acid properties, as picric acid.</def>

<h1>Nitroprussic</h1>
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<hw>Ni`tro*prus"sic</hw> <tt>(? &or; <?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + <ets>prussic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a complex acid called <i>nitroprussic</i> acid, obtained indirectly by the action of nitric acid on potassium ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate), as a red crystalline unstable substance. It forms salts called <i>nitroprussides</i>, which give a rich purple color with alkaline subphides.</def>

<h1>Nitroprusside</h1>
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<hw>Ni`tro*prus"side</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Nitroprussic</er>.</def>

<h1>Nitroquinol</h1>
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<hw>Ni`tro*qui"nol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + <ets>quine</ets> + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hypothetical nitro derivative of quinol or hydroquinone, not known in the free state, but forming a well defined series of derivatives.</def>

<h1>Niteosaccharin</h1>
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<hw>Ni`teo*sac"cha*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + <ets>saccharin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An explosive nitro derivative of certain sugars, analogous to nitroglycerin, gun cotton, etc.</def>

<h1>Nitrosalicylic</h1>
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<hw>Ni`tro*sal`i*cyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + <ets>salicylic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, a nitro derivative of salicylic acid, called also <altname>anilic acid</altname>.</def>

<h1>Nitrose</h1>
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<hw>Ni*trose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Nitrous</er>.</def>

<h1>Nitroso-</h1>
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<hw>Ni*tro"so-</hw><def> <tt>(<?/ &or; <?/)</tt>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> A prefix (also used adjectively) designating the group or radical <chform>NO</chform>, called the <i>nitroso group</i>, or its compounds.</def>

<h1>Nitrosyl</h1>
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<hw>Ni*tro"syl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitroso-</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>the radical <chform>NO</chform>, called also the <altname>nitroso group</altname>.  The term is sometimes loosely used to designate certain nitro compounds; <as>as, <ex>nitrosyl</ex> sulphuric acid</as>. Used also adjectively.</def>

<h1>Nitrosylic</h1>
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<hw>Ni`tro*syl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitrosyl; <as>as, <ex>nitrosylic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Nitrous</h1>
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<hw>Ni"trous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nitrosus</ets> full of natron: cf. F. <ets>nitreux</ets>. See <er>Niter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, niter; of the quality of niter, or resembling it.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of those compounds in which nitrogen has a relatively lower valence as contrasted with nitric compounds.</def>

<cs><col>Nitrous acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a hypothetical acid of nitrogen <chform>HNO2</chform>, not known in the free state, but forming a well known series of salts, viz., the <i>nitrites<i>.</cd> -- <col>Nitrous oxide</col>. <cd>See <er>Laughing gas</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nitroxyl</h1>
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<hw>Ni*trox"yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + <ets>ox</ets>ygen + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The group <chform>NO2</chform>, usually called the <altname>nitro group</altname>.</def>

<h1>Nitrum</h1>
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<hw>Ni"trum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., natron. See <er>Niter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Niter.</def>

<cs><col>Nitrum flammans</col> <ety>[L., flaming niter]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>ammonium nitrate; -- probably so called because it deflagerates when suddenly heated.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nitry</h1>
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<hw>Ni"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Nitrous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nitryl</h1>
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<hw>Ni"tryl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nitro-</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A name sometimes given to the nitro group or radical.</def>

<h1>Nitter</h1>
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<hw>Nit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Nit</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The horselouse; an insect that deposits nits on horses.</def>

<h1>Nittily</h1>
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<hw>Nit"ti*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Lousily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Haywar<?/.</i>

<h1>Nittings</h1>
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<hw>Nit"tings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from <er>Nit</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The refuse of good ore.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Nitty</h1>
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<hw>Nit"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of nits.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Nitty</h1>
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<hw>Nit"ty</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nitidus</ets>. See <er>Nitid</er>.]</ety> <def>Shining; elegant; spruce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "O sweet, <i>nitty</i> youth."

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Nival</h1>
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<hw>Ni"val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nivalis</ets>, fr. <ets>nix</ets>, <ets>nivis</ets>, snow.]</ety> <def>Abounding with snow; snowy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Niveous</h1>
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<hw>Niv"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>niveus</ets>, fr. <ets>nix</ets>, <ets>nivis</ets>, snow.]</ety> <def>Snowy; resembling snow; partaking of the qualities of snow.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Nivose</h1>
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<hw>Ni`vose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>nix</ets>. <ets>nivis</ets>, snow.]</ety> <def>The fourth month of the French republican calendar [1792-1806]. It commenced December 21, and ended January 19. See <er>Vend\'90miaire</er>.</def>

<h1>Nix</h1>
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<hw>Nix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <tt>fem.</tt> <er>Nixe</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[G. Cf. 1st <er>Nick</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Teut. Myth.)</fld> <def>One of a class of water spirits, commonly described as of a mischievous disposition.</def>

<blockquote>The treacherous <b>nixes</b> who entice men to a watery death.
<i>Tylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nixie</h1>
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<hw>Nix"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Nix</er>.</def>

<h1>Nizam</h1>
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<hw>Ni*zam"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. & Ar. <ets>niz\'bem</ets> order, a ruler, fr. Ar. <ets>nazama</ets> arrange, govern.]</ety> <def>The title of the native sovereigns of Hyderabad, in India, since 1719.</def>

<h1>No</h1>
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<hw>No</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>no</ets>, <ets>non</ets>, the same word as E. <ets>none</ets>; cf. E. <ets>a</ets>, <ets>an</ets>. See <er>None</er>.]</ety> <def>Not any; not one; none.</def>

<blockquote>Let there be <b>no</b> strife ... between me and thee.
<i>Gen. xiii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That goodness is <b>no</b> name, and happiness <b>no</b> dream.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In Old England before a vowel the form <i>non</i> or <i>noon</i> was used. "<i>No</i> man." "<i>Noon</i> apothercary."</note>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<hr>
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Page 978<p>

<h1>No</h1>
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<hw>No</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>no</ets>, <ets>na</ets>, AS. <ets>n\'be</ets>; <ets>ne</ets> not + <ets>\'be</ets> ever. AS. <ets>ne</ets> is akin to OHG. <ets>ni</ets>, Goth. <ets>ni</ets>, Russ. <ets>ne</ets>, Ir., Gael. & W. <ets>ni</ets>, L. <ets>ne</ets>, gr. <grk>nh</grk> (in comp.), Skr. <ets>na</ets>, and also to E. prefix <ets>un-</ets>. &root; 193. See <er>Aye</er>, and cf. <er>Nay</er>, <er>Not</er>, <er>Nice</er>, <er>Nefarious</er>.]</ety> <def>Nay; not; not at all; not in any respect or degree; -- a word expressing negation, denial, or refusal. Before or after another negative, <i>no</i> is emphatic.</def>

<blockquote>We do <b>no</b> otherwise than we are willed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am perplx'd and doubtful whether or <b>no</b>
I dare accept this your congratulation.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is none righteous, <b>no</b>, not one.
<i>Rom. iii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>No</b>! Nay, Heaven forbid.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>No</h1>
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<hw>No</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Noes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A refusal by use of the wordd <i>no</i>; a denial.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A negative vote; one who votes in the negative; <as>as, to call for the ayes and <ex>noes</ex>; the <ex>noes</ex> have it.</as></def>

<h1>Noachian</h1>
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<hw>No*a"chi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the patriarch Noah, or to his time.</def>

<h1>Noah</h1>
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<hw>No"ah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>N&omac;akh</ets> rest.]</ety> <def>A patriarch of Biblical history, in the time of the Deluge.</def>

<cs><col>Noah's ark</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>A marine bivalve shell (<spn>Arca No\'91</spn>), which somewhat resembles an ark, or ship, in form.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A child's toy, consisting of an ark-shaped box containing many different wooden animals.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nob</h1>
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<hw>Nob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Knob</er>.]</ety> <def>The head.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Nob</h1>
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<hw>Nob</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>noble</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person in a superior position in life; a nobleman.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Nobbily</h1>
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<hw>Nob"bi*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a nobby manner.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Nobbler</h1>
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<hw>Nob"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dram of spirits.</def> <mark>[Australia]</mark>

<h1>Nobby</h1>
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<hw>Nob"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 2d <er>Nob</er>.]</ety> <def>Stylish; modish; elegant; showy; aristocratic; fashionable.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Nobiliary</h1>
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<hw>No*bil"ia*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>nobiliare</ets>. See <er>Noble</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the nobility.</def>

<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i>

<h1>Nobiliary</h1>
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<hw>No*bil"ia*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A history of noble families.</def>

<h1>Nobilify</h1>
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<hw>No*bil"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nobilis</ets> noble + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make noble; to nobiliate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nobilitate</h1>
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<hw>No*bil"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nobilitatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>nobilitare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make noble; to ennoble; to exalt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nobilitation</h1>
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<hw>No*bil`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>nobilitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of making noble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Nobility</h1>
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<hw>No*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nobilitas</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>nobilit\'82</ets>. See <er>Noble</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being noble; superiority of mind or of character; commanding excellence; eminence.</def>

<blockquote>Though she hated Amphialus, yet the <b>nobility</b> of her courage prevailed over it.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They thought it great their sovereign to control,
And named their pride <b>nobility</b> of soul.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being of high rank or noble birth; patrician dignity; antiquity of family; distinction by rank, station, or title, whether inherited or conferred.</def>

<blockquote>I fell on the same argument of preferring virtue to <b>nobility</b> of blood and titles, in the story of Sigismunda.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Those who are noble; the collictive body of nobles or titled persons in a stste; the aristocratic and patrician class; the peerage; <as>as, the English <ex>nobility</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Noble</h1>
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<hw>No"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Nobler</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Noblest</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>noble</ets>, fr. L. <ets>nobilis</ets> that can be or is known, well known, famous, highborn, noble, fr.<ets>noscere</ets> to know. See <er>know</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessing eminence, elevation, dignity, etc.; above whatever is low, mean, degrading, or dishonorable; magnanimous; <as>as, a <ex>noble</ex> nature or action; a <ex>noble</ex> heart.</as></def>

<blockquote>Statues, with winding ivy crowned, belong
To <b>nobler</b> poets for a <b>nobler</b> song.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Grand; stately; magnificent; splendid; <as>as, a <ex>noble</ex> edifice</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of exalted rank; of or pertaining to the nobility; distinguished from the masses by birth, station, or title; highborn; <as>as, <ex>noble</ex> blood; a <ex>noble</ex> personage.</as></def>

<note>&hand; <i>Noble</i> is used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, <i>noble</i>-born, <i>noble</i>-hearted, <i>noble</i>-minded.</note>

<cs><col>Noble metals</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>silver, gold, and platinum; -- so called from their freedom from oxidation and permanence in air. Copper, mercury, aluminium, palladium, rhodium, iridium, and osmium are sometimes included.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Honorable; worthy; dignified; elevated; exalted; superior; sublime; great; eminent; illustrious; renowned; stately; splendid; magnificent; grand; magnanimous; generous; liberal; free.</syn>

<h1>Noble</h1>
<Xpage=978>

<hw>No"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person of rank above a commoner; a nobleman; a peer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An English money of account, and, formerly, a gold coin, of the value of 6 s. 8 d. sterling, or about $1.61.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European fish; the lyrie.</def>

<h1>Noble</h1>
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<hw>No"ble</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make noble; to ennoble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou <b>nobledest</b> so far forth our nature.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nobleman</h1>
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<hw>No"ble*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Noblemen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One of the nobility; a noble; a peer; one who enjoys rank above a commoner, either by virtue of birth, by office, or by patent.</def>

<h1>Noble-minded</h1>
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<hw>No"ble-mind`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a noble mind; honorable; magnanimous.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>No"ble-mind`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Nobleness</h1>
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<hw>No"ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being noble; greatness; dignity; magnanimity; elevation of mind, character, or station; nobility; grandeur; stateliness.</def>

<blockquote>His purposes are full honesty, <b>nobleness</b>, and integrity.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nobless, Noblesse</h1>
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<hw><hw>No*bless"</hw>, <hw>No*blesse"</hw><hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>noblesse</ets>. See <er>Noble</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dignity; greatness; noble birth or condition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Spenser. B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The nobility; persons of noble rank collectively, including males and females.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Noblewoman</h1>
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<hw>No"ble*wom`an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Noblewomen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A female of noble rank; a peeress.</def>

<h1>Nobley</h1>
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<hw>No"bley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>nobleie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The body of nobles; the nobility.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Noble birth; nobility; dignity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nobly</h1>
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<hw>No"bly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of noble extraction; <as>as, <ex>nobly</ex> born or descended</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a noble manner; with greatness of soul; heroically; with magnanimity; <as>as, a deed <ex>nobly</ex> done</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Splendidly; magnificently.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Illustriously; honorably; magnanimously; heroically; worthly; eminently; grandly.</syn>

<h1>Nobody</h1>
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<hw>No"bod*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nobodies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[<ets>No</ets>, a. + <ets>body</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>No person; no one; not anybody.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A person of no influence or importance; an insignificant or contemptible person.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Nocake</h1>
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<hw>No"cake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. Indian <ets>nookhik</ets> meal. <i>Palfrey</i>.]</ety> <def>Indian corn parched, and beaten to powder, -- used for food by the Northern American Indians.</def>

<h1>Nocent</h1>
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<hw>No"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nocens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>nocere</ets> to hurt. See <er>Nuisance</er>, <er>Noxious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Doing hurt, or having a tendency to hurt; hurtful; mischievous; noxious; <as>as, <ex>nocent</ex> qualities</as>.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Guilty; -- the opposite of <i>innocent</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Nocent</h1>
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<hw>No"cent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A criminal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Nocently</h1>
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<hw>No"cent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Hurtfully; injuriosly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Nocive</h1>
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<hw>No"cive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nocivus</ets>, fr. <ets>nocere</ets> to hurt.]</ety> <def>Hurtful; injurious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Nock</h1>
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<hw>Nock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Notch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A notch.</def>

<blockquote>He took his arrow by the <b>nock</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The upper fore corner of a boom sail or of a trysail.</def>

<h1>Nock</h1>
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<hw>Nock</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To notch; to fit to the string, as an arrow; to string, as a bow.</def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Noctambulation</h1>
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<hw>Noc*tam`bu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nox</ets>, <ets>noctis</ets>, night + <ets>ambulare</ets> to walk: cf. F. <ets>noctambulation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Somnambulism; walking in sleep.</def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<h1>Noctambulism</h1>
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<hw>Noc*tam"bu*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Somnambulism.</def>

<h1>Noctambulist</h1>
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<hw>Noc*tam"bu*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A somnambulist.</def>

<h1>Noctambulo</h1>
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<hw>Noc*tam"bu*lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A noctambulist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Noctidial</h1>
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<hw>Noc*tid"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nox</ets>, <ets>noctos</ets>, night + <ets>dies</ets> day.]</ety> <def>Comprising a night and a day; a <i>noctidial</i> day.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Holder.</i>

<h1>Noctiferous</h1>
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<hw>Noc*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>noctifer</ets>; <ets>nox</ets>, <ets>noctis + ferre</ets> to bring.]</ety> <def>Bringing night.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Noctilionid</h1>
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<hw>Noc*til"i*o*nid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American bat of the genus <spn>Noctilio</spn>, having cheek pouches and large incisor teeth.</def>

<h1>Noctiluca</h1>
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<hw>Noc`ti*lu"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Noctiluc\'92</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>noctiluca</ets> something that shines by night, fr. <ets>nox</ets>, <ets>noctis</ets>, night + <ets>lucere</ets> to shine, <ets>lux</ets> light.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>That which shines at night; -- a fanciful name for phosphorus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine flagellate Infusoria, remarkable for their unusually large size and complex structure, as well as for their phosphorescence. The brilliant diffuse phosphorescence of the sea is often due to myriads of Noctiluc\'91.</def>

<h1>Noctilucin</h1>
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<hw>Noc*ti*lu"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fatlike substance in certain marine animals, to which they owe their phosphorescent properties.</def>

<h1>Noctilucine</h1>
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<hw>Noc`ti*lu"cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to Noctiluca.</def>

<h1>Noctilucous</h1>
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<hw>Noc`ti*lu"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shining in the night.</def>

<h1>Noctivagant</h1>
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<hw>Noc*tiv"a*gant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nox</ets>, <ets>noctis</ets>, night + <ets>vagans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>vagari</ets> to wander about.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Going about in the night; night-wandering.</def>

<h1>Noctivagation</h1>
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<hw>Noc*tiv`a*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A roving or going about in the night.</def>

<i>Gayton.</i>

<h1>Noctivagous</h1>
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<hw>Noc*tiv"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>noctivagus</ets>; <ets>nox</ets>, <ets>noctis + vagus</ets> wandering.]</ety> <def>Noctivagant.</def>

<h1>Noctograph</h1>
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<hw>Noc"to*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nox</ets>, <ets>noctis</ets>, night + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of writing frame for the blind.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument or register which records the presence of watchmen on their beats.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Noctuary</h1>
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<hw>Noc"tu*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>noctu</ets> by night.]</ety> <def>A record of what passes in the night; a nightly journal; -- distinguished from <i>diary</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Noctuid</h1>
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<hw>Noc"tu*id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>nox</ets>, <ets>noctis</ets>, night.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous moths of the family <spn>Noctuid\'91</spn>, or <spn>Noctu\'91lit\'91</spn>, as the cutworm moths, and armyworm moths; -- so called because they fly at night.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the noctuids, or family <spn>Noctuid\'91</spn>.</def></def2>

<h1>Noctule</h1>
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<hw>Noc"tule</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>noctua</ets> a night owl, fr. <ets>nox</ets>, <ets>noctis</ets>, night.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large European bat (<spn>Vespertilio, &or; Noctulina, altivolans</spn>).</def>

<h1>Nocturn</h1>
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<hw>Noc"turn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>nocturne</ets>, fr. L. <ets>nocturnus</ets>. See <er>Nocturnal</er>, and cf. <er>Nocturne</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An office of devotion, or act of religious service, by night.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the portions into which the Psalter was divided, each consisting of nine psalms, designed to be used at a night service.</def>

<i>Hook.</i>

<h1>Nocturnal</h1>
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<hw>Noc*tur"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nocturnalis</ets>, <ets>nocturnus</ets>, fr. <ets>nox</ets>, <ets>noctis</ets>, night. See <er>Night</er>, and cf. <er>Nocturn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of, pertaining to, done or occuring in, the night; <as>as, <ex>nocturnal</ex> darkness, cries, expedition, etc.</as>; -- opposed to <ant>diurnal</ant>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a habit of seeking food or moving about at night; <as>as, <ex>nocturnal</ex> birds and insects</as>.</def>

<h1>Nocturnal</h1>
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<hw>Noc*tur"nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instrument formerly used for taking the altitude of the stars, etc., at sea.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<h1>Nocturnally</h1>
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<hw>Noc*tur"nal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By night; nightly.</def>

<h1>Nocturne</h1>
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<hw>Noc*turne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Nocturn</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A night piece, or serenade. The name is now used for a certain graceful and expressive form of instrumental composition, as the nocturne for orchestra in Mendelsohn's "Midsummer-Night's Dream" music.</def>

<h1>Nocument</h1>
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<hw>Noc"u*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>nocumentum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>nocere</ets> to hurt.]</ety> <def>Harm; injury; detriment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nocuous</h1>
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<hw>Noc"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nocuus</ets>, fr. <ets>nocere</ets> to hurt.]</ety> <def>Hurtful; noxious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Noc"u*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Nod</h1>
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<hw>Nod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nodden</ets>; cf. OHG. <ets>kn<?/t<?/n</ets>, ge<ets>nuot<?/n</ets>, to shake, and E. <ets>nudge</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bend or incline the upper part, with a quick motion; <as>as, <ex>nodding</ex> plumes</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To incline the head with a quick motion; to make a slight bow; to make a motion of assent, of salutation, or of drowsiness, with the head; <as>as, to <ex>nod</ex> at one</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be drowsy or dull; to be careless.</def>

<blockquote>Nor is it Homer <b>nods</b>, but we that dream.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nod</h1>
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<hw>Nod</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nodded</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nodding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To incline or bend, as the head or top; to make a motion of assent, of salutation, or of drowsiness with; <as>as, to <ex>nod</ex> the head</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To signify by a nod; <as>as, to <ex>nod</ex> approbation</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to bend.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>By every wind that <b>nods</b> the mountain pine.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nod</h1>
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<hw>Nod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A dropping or bending forward of the upper oart or top of anything.</def>

<blockquote>Like a drunken sailor on a mast,
Ready with every <b>nod</b> to tumble down.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A quick or slight downward or forward motion of the head, in assent, in familiar salutation, in drowsiness, or in giving a signal, or a command.</def>

<blockquote>A look or a <b>nod</b> only ought to correct them [the children] when they do amiss.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nations obey my word and wait my <b>nod</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The land of Nod</col>, <cd>sleep.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nodal</h1>
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<hw>Nod"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of, or relating to, a node; <as>as, a <ex>nodal</ex> point</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Nodal line</col>, <col>Nodal point</col></mcol>, <cd>in a vibrating plate or cord, that line or point which remains at rest while the other parts of the body are in a state of vibration.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nodated</h1>
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<hw>No"da*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nodatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>nodare</ets> to make knotty, fr. <ets>nodus</ets> knot. See <er>Node</er>.]</ety> <def>Knotted.</def>

<cs><col>Nodated hyperbola</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a certain curve of the third order having two branches which cross each other, forming a node.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nodation</h1>
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<hw>No*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nodatio</ets> knottiness.]</ety> <def>Act of making a knot, or state of being knotted.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Nodder</h1>
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<hw>Nod"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who nods; a drowsy person.</def>

<h1>Nodding</h1>
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<hw>Nod"ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Curved so that the apex hangs down; having the top bent downward.</def>

<h1>Noddle</h1>
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<hw>Nod"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nodil</ets>, <ets>nodle</ets>; perh. fr. <ets>nod</ets>, because the head is the nodding part of the body, or perh. akin to E. <ets>knot</ets>; cf. Prov. E. <ets>nod</ets> the nape of the neck.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The head; -- used jocosely or contemptuously.</def><-- now usu. noodle (not in W1913) or noggin -->

<blockquote>Come, master, I have a project in my <b>noddle</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The back part of the head or neck.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For occasion ... turneth a bald <b>noddle</b>, after she hath presented her locks in front, and no hold taken.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Noddy</h1>
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<hw>Nod"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Noddies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>nod</ets> to incline the head, either as in assent, or from drowsiness.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A simpleton; a fool.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any tern of the genus <spn>Anous</spn>, as <spn>A. stolidus</spn>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The arctic fulmar (<spn>Fulmarus glacialis</spn>). Sometimes also applied to other sea birds.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An old game at cards.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A small two-wheeled one-horse vehicle.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An inverted pendulum consisting of a short vertical flat spring which supports a rod having a bob at the top; -- used for detecting and measuring slight horizontal vibrations of a body to which it is attached.</def>

<h1>Node</h1>
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<hw>Node</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nodus</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>knot</ets>. Cf. <er>Noose</er>, <er>Nowed</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A knot, a knob; a protuberance; a swelling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of the two points where the orbit of a planet, or comet, intersects the ecliptic, or the orbit of a satellite intersects the plane of the orbit of its primary.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The joint of a stem, or the part where a leaf or several leaves are inserted.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Dialing)</fld> <def>A hole in the gnomon of a dial, through which passes the ray of light which marks the hour of the day, the parallels of the sun's declination, his place in the ecliptic, etc.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The point at which a curve crosses itself, being a double point of the curve. See <er>Crunode</er>, and <er>Acnode</er>.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The point at which the lines of a funicular machine meet from different angular directions; -- called also <altname>knot</altname>.</def> <i>W. R. Johnson.</i> <sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(poet.)</fld> <def>The knot, intrigue, or plot of a piece</def>. <sd>(g)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A hard concretion or incrustation which forms upon bones attacked with rheumatism, gout, or syphilis; sometimes also, a swelling in the neighborhood of a joint</def>. <i>Dunglison.</i> <sd>(h)</sd> <fld>(Mus)</fld> <def>One of the fixed points of a sonorous string, when it vibrates by aliquot parts, and produces the harmonic tones; nodal line or point</def>. <sd>(i)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A swelling</def>.

<cs><col>Ascending node</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the node at which the body is passing northerly, marked with the symbol &astascending;, called the <i>Dragon's head<i>. Called also <altname>northern node</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Descending node</col>, <cd>the node at which the body is moving southwardly, marked thus &astdescending;, called <i>Dragon's tail<i>.</cd> -- <col>Line of nodes</col>, <cd>a straight line joining the two nodes of an orbit.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nodical</h1>
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<hw>Nod"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the nodes; from a node to the same node again; <as>as, the <ex>nodical</ex> revolutions of the moon</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Nodical month</col>. <cd>See <cref>Lunar month</cref>, under <er>Month</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nodosarine</h1>
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<hw>No`do*sa"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling in form or structure a foraminiferous shell of the genus <spn>Nodosaria</spn>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A foraminifer of the genus <spn>Nodosaria</spn> or of an allied genus.</def></def2>

<h1>Nodose</h1>
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<hw>No*dose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nodosus</ets>, fr. <ets>nodus</ets> knot.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Knotty; having numerous or conspicuous nodes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having nodes or prominences; having the alternate joints enlarged, as the antenn\'91 of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Nodosity</h1>
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<hw>No*dos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nodositas</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being knotty or nodose; resemblance to a node or swelling; knottiness.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A knot; a node.</def>

<h1>Nodosous, Nodous</h1>
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<hw><hw>No*do"sous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>No"dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Nodose; knotty; knotted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nodular</h1>
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<hw>Nod"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nodulaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the form of, a nodule or knot.</def>

<h1>Nodule</h1>
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<hw>Nod"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nodulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>nodus</ets> knot: cf. F. <ets>nodule</ets>.]</ety> <def>A rounded mass or irregular shape; a little knot or lump.</def>

<hr>
<page="979">
Page 979<p>

<h1>Noduled</h1>
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<hw>Nod"uled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having little knots or lumps.</def>

<h1>Nodulose, Nodulous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nod"u*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nod"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having small nodes or knots; diminutively nodose.</def>

<h1>Noel</h1>
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<hw>No"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>no\'89l</ets>, L. <ets>natalis</ets> birthday, fr. <ets>natalis</ets> natal. See <er>Natal</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Nowel</er>.</def>

<h1>Noematachograph</h1>
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<hw>No*e`ma*tach"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the understanding + <?/ swiftness + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for determining and registering the duration of more or less complex operations of the mind.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Noematic, Noematical</h1>
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<hw><hw>No`e*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>No`e*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the understanding. See <er>Noetic</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the understanding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Noemics</h1>
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<hw>No*e"mics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the understanding. See <er>Noetic</er>.]</ety> <def>The science of the understanding; intellectual science.</def>

<h1>Noetian</h1>
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<hw>No*e"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the followers of <i>Noetus</i>, who lived in the third century. He denied the distinct personality of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.</def>

<h1>Noetic, Noetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>No*et"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>No*et"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to perceive, <?/ mind, intellect.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the intellect; intellectual.</def>

<blockquote>I would employ the word <b>noetic</b> to express all those cognitions which originate in the mind itself.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nof</h1>
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<hw>Nof</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>ne of</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not of; nor of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nog</h1>
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<hw>Nog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>noggin</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A noggin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of strong ale.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Nog</h1>
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<hw>Nog</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A wooden block, of the size of a brick, built into a wall, as a hold for the nails of woodwork.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the square logs of wood used in a pile to support the roof of a mine.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A treenail to fasten the shores.</def>

<h1>Nog</h1>
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<hw>Nog</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From 2d <er>Nog</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fill in, as between scantling, with brickwork.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>To fasten, as shores, with treenails.</def>

<h1>Noggen</h1>
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<hw>Nog"gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Prop., made of hemp, fr. Prov. E. <ets>nogs</ets> hemp.]</ety> <def>Made of hemp; hence, hard; rough; harsh.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Noggin</h1>
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<hw>Nog"gin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. <ets>noigin</ets>, or Gael. <ets>noigean</ets>. Cf. lst <er>Nog</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small mug or cup.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A measure equivalent to a gill.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Nogging</h1>
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<hw>Nog"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Nog</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Rough brick masonry used to fill in the interstices of a wooden frame, in building.</def>

<h1>Noght</h1>
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<hw>Noght</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Not.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Noiance</h1>
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<hw>Noi"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. OE. <ets>anoiance</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>noyance</asp>.]</altsp> <def>Annoyance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Noie</h1>
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<hw>Noie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To annoy. See <er>Noy</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Noier</h1>
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<hw>Noi"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An annoyer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Noils</h1>
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<hw>Noils</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Waste and knots of wool removed by the comb; combings.</def>

<h1>Noint</h1>
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<hw>Noint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To anoint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. North.</i>

<h1>Noious</h1>
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<hw>Noi"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Annoying; troublesome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Noise</h1>
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<hw>Noise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>noise</ets> noisy strife, quarrel, brawl, fr. L. <ets>nausea</ets> seasickness, sickness, disgust. See <er>Nausea</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Sound of any kind.</def>

<blockquote>The heavens turn about in a most rapid motion without <b>noise</b>
to us perceived.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Noise</i> is either a sound of too short a duration to be determined, like the report of a cannon; or else it is a confused mixture of many discordant sounds, like the rolling of thunder or the noise of the waves. Nevertheless, the difference between <i>sound</i> and <i>noise</i> is by no means precise.</note>

<i>Ganot.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Especially, loud, confused, or senseless sound; clamor; din.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Loud or continuous talk; general talk or discussion; rumor; report.</def> "The <i>noise</i> goes."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>What <b>noise</b> have we had about transplantation of diseases and transfusion of blood!
<i>T. Baker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Soerates lived in Athens during the great plague which has made so much <b>noise</b> in all ages.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Music, in general; a concert; also, a company of musicians; a band.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The king has his <b>noise</b> of gypsies.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Cry; outcry; clamor; din; clatter; uproar.</syn>

<h1>Noise</h1>
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<hw>Noise</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sound; to make a noise.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Noise</h1>
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<hw>Noise</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Noised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Noising</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To spread by rumor or report.</def>

<blockquote>All these sayings were <b>noised</b> abroad.
<i>Luke i. 65.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To disturb with noise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Noiseful</h1>
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<hw>Noise"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Loud; clamorous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Noiseless</h1>
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<hw>Noise"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making, or causing, no noise or bustle; without noise; silent; <as>as, the <ex>noiseless</ex> foot of time</as>.</def>

<blockquote>So <b>noiseless</b> would I live.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Noise"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Noise"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Noisette</h1>
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<hw>Noi*sette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A hybrid rose produced in 1817, by a French gardener, <i>Noisette</i>, of Charleston, South Carolina, from the China rose and the musk rose. It has given rise to many fine varieties, as the <stype>Lamarque</stype>, the <stype>Marechal (or Marshal) Niel</stype>, and the <stype>Cloth of gold</stype>. Most roses of this class have clustered flowers and are of vigorous growth.</def>

<i>P. Henderson.</i>

<h1>Noisily</h1>
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<hw>Nois"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a noisy manner.</def>

<h1>Noisiness</h1>
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<hw>Nois"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being noisy.</def>

<h1>Noisome</h1>
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<hw>Noi"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>noysome</ets>, fr. <ets>noy</ets> for <ets>annoy</ets>. See <er>Annoy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Noxious to health; hurtful; mischievous; unwholesome; insalubrious; destructive; <as>as, <ex>noisome</ex> effluvia</as>.</def> "<i>Noisome</i> pestilence."

<i>Ps. xci. 3.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Offensive to the smell or other senses; disgusting; fetid.</def> "Foul breath is <i>noisome</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Noi"some*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Noi"some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<syn>Syn. -- Noxious; unwholesome; insalubrious; mischievous; destructive.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Noisome</er>, <er>Noxious</er>. These words have to a great extent been interchanged; but there is a tendency to make a distinction between them, applying <i>noxious</i> to things that inflict evil directly; as, a <i>noxious</i> plant, <i>noxious</i> practices, etc., and <i>noisome</i> to things that operate with a remoter influence; as, <i>noisome</i> vapors, a <i>noisome</i> pestilence, etc. <i>Noisome</i> has the additional sense of <i>disqusting</i>.  A garden may be free from <i>noxious</i> weeds or animals; but, if recently covered with manure, it may be filled with a <i>noisome</i> smell.</usage>

<h1>Noisy</h1>
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<hw>Nois"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Noisier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Noisiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Noise</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Making a noise, esp. a loud sound; clamorous; vociferous; turbulent; boisterous; <as>as, the <ex>noisy</ex> crowd</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Full of noise.</def> "The <i>noisy</i> town."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Nolde</h1>
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<hw>Nol"de</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>ne wolde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Would not.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nole</h1>
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<hw>Nole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Noll</er>.]</ety> <def>The head.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Noli-me-tangere</h1>
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<hw>No"li-me-tan"ge*re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., touch me not.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any plant of a genus of herbs (<spn>Impatiens</spn>) having capsules which, if touched when ripe, discharge their seeds. -- See <er>Impatiens</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The squirting cucumber. See under <er>Cucumber</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A name formerly applied to several varieties of ulcerous cutaneous diseases, but now restricted to <altname>Lupus exedens</altname>, an ulcerative affection of the nose.</def>

<h1>Nolition</h1>
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<hw>No*li"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nolle</ets> not to will, to be unwilling; <ets>ne + velle</ets> to will, to be willing.]</ety> <def>Adverse action of will; unwillingness; -- opposed to <ant>volition</ant>.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>nolition</b> and a direct enmity against the lust.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Noll</h1>
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<hw>Noll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nol</ets>, AS. <ets>hnoll</ets> top; akin to OHG. <ets>hnol</ets> top, head.]</ety> <def>The head; the noddle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nolleity</h1>
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<hw>Nol*le"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nolle</ets> to be unwilling.]</ety> <def>The state of being unwilling; nolition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Nolle prosequi</h1>
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<hw>Nol"le pros"e*qui</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., to be unwilling to prosecute.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Will not prosecute; -- an entry on the record, denoting that a plaintiff discontinues his suit, or the attorney for the public a prosecution; either wholly, or as to some count, or as to some of several defendants.</def>

<h1>Nolo contendere</h1>
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<hw>No"lo con*ten"de*re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., I do not wish to contend.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A plea, by the defendant, in a criminal prosecution, which, without admitting guilt, subjects him to all the consequences of a plea of quilty.</def>

<h1>Nol. pros.</h1>
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<hw>Nol. pros.</hw> <def>An abbrev. of <er>Nolle prosequi</er>.</def>

<h1>Nol-pros</h1>
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<hw>Nol`-pros"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>-prossed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>-prossing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To discontinue by entering a <i>nolle prosequi</i>; to decline to prosecute.</def>

<h1>Nolt</h1>
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<hw>Nolt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def>Neat cattle.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Nom</h1>
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<hw>Nom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Noun</er>.]</ety> <def>Name.</def>

<cs><col>Nom de guerre</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <cd>literally, war name; hence, a fictitious name, or one assumed for a time.</cd> -- <col>Nom de plume</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <cd>literally, pen name; hence, a name assumed by an author as his or her signature.</cd></cs>

<h1>Noma</h1>
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<hw>No"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, lit., a feeding. See <er>Name</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Canker</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</def>

<h1>Nomad</h1>
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<hw>Nom"ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nomas</ets>, <ets>-adis</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, pasturing, roaming without fixed home, fr. <?/ a pasture, allotted abode, fr. <?/ to distribute, allot, drive to pasture; prob. akin to AS. <ets>niman</ets> to take, and E. <ets>nimble</ets>: cf. F. <ets>nomade</ets>. Cf. <er>Astronomy</er>, <er>Economy</er>, <er>Nimble</er>, <er>Nemesis</er>, <er>Numb</er>, <er>Number</er>.]</ety> <def>One of a race or tribe that has no fixed location, but wanders from place to place in search of pasture or game.</def>

<h1>Nomad</h1>
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<hw>Nom"ad</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Roving; nomadic.</def>

<h1>Nomade</h1>
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<hw>Nom"ade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Nomad</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Nomadian</h1>
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<hw>No*ma"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nomad.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Nomadic</h1>
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<hw>No*mad"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Nomad</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to nomads, or their way of life; wandering; moving from place to place for subsistence; <as>as, a <ex>nomadic</ex> tribe</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>No*mad"ic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Nomadism</h1>
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<hw>Nom"ad*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a nomad.</def>

<h1>Nomadize</h1>
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<hw>Nom"ad*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nomadized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nomadizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To lead the life of a nomad; to wander with flocks and herds for the sake of finding pasturage.</def>

<blockquote>The Vogules <b>nomadize</b> chiefly about the Rivers Irtish, Obi, Kama, and Volga.
<i>W. Tooke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nomancy</h1>
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<hw>No"man*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nomancie</ets>, <ets>nomance</ets>, abbrev. fr. <ets>onomancie</ets>. See <er>Onomancy</er>.]</ety> <def>The art or practice of divining the destiny of persons by the letters which form their names.</def>

<h1>No-man's land</h1>
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<hw>No"-man's` land`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.  <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A space amidships used to keep blocks, ropes, etc.; a space on a ship belonging to no one in particular to care for.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: An unclaimed space or time.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>no-man's land</b> of twilight.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nomarch</h1>
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<hw>Nom"arch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a district + <ets>-arch</ets>.]</ety> <def>The chief magistrate of a nome or nomarchy.</def>

<h1>Nomarchy</h1>
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<hw>Nom"arch*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nomarchies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A province or territorial division of a kingdom, under the rule of a nomarch, as in modern Greece; a nome.</def>

<h1>Nombles</h1>
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<hw>Nom"bles</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>nombles</ets>, fr. L. <ets>lumbulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>lumbus</ets> a loin. Cf. <er>Numbles</er>, <er>Umbles</er>, <er>Humbles</er>.]</ety> <def>The entrails of a deer; the umbles.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>numbles</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Nombril</h1>
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<hw>Nom"bril</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>nombril</ets>, for OF. <ets>lombril</ets>, i. e., <ets>ombril</ets>, with the article, a dim. fr. L. <ets>umbilicus</ets> the navel. See <er>Navel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A point halfway between the fess point and the middle base point of an escutcheon; -- called also <altname>navel point</altname>. See <er>Escutcheon</er>.</def>

<h1>Nome</h1>
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<hw>Nome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to deal out, distribute.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A province or political division, as of modern Greece or ancient Egypt; a nomarchy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any melody determined by inviolable rules.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nome</h1>
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<hw>Nome</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Binomial</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Term</er>.</def>

<h1>Nome, Nomen</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nome</hw>, <hw>No"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>obs. p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Nim</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nomenclator</h1>
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<hw>No"men*cla`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>nomen</ets> name + <ets>calare</ets> to call. See <er>Name</er>, and <er>Calendar</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who calls persons or things by their names.</def>

<note>&hand; In Rome, candidates for office were attended each by a <i>nomenclator</i>, who informed the candidate of the names of the persons whom they met and whose votes it was desirable to solicit.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who gives names to things, or who settles and adjusts the nomenclature of any art or science; also, a list or vocabulary of technical names.</def>

<h1>Nomenclatress</h1>
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<hw>No"men*cla`tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female nomenclator.</def>

<h1>Nomenclatural</h1>
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<hw>No`men*cla"tur*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining or according to a nomenclature.</def>

<h1>Nomenclature</h1>
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<hw>No"men*cla`ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nomenclatura</ets>: cf. F. <ets>nomenclature</ets>. See <er>Nomenclator</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A name.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vocabulary, dictionary, or glossary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The technical names used in any particular branch of science or art, or by any school or individual; <as>as, the <ex>nomenclature</ex> of botany or of chemistry; the <ex>nomenclature</ex> of Lavoisier and his associates.</as></def>

<h1>Nomial</h1>
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<hw>No"mi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Binomial</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>A name or term.</def>

<h1>Nomic</h1>
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<hw>Nom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a law, custom.]</ety> <def>Customary; ordinary; -- applied to the usual English spelling, in distinction from strictly phonetic methods.</def> <i>H Sweet</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Nomic spelling.</def> <i>A. J. Ellis</i>.</def2>

<h1>Nominal</h1>
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<hw>Nom"i*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nominalis</ets>, fr. <ets>nomen</ets>, <ets>nominis</ets>, name. See <er>Name</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a name or names; having to do with the literal meaning of a word; verbal; <as>as, a <ex>nominal</ex> definition</as>.</def>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Existing in name only; not real; <as>as, a <ex>nominal</ex> difference</as>.</def> "<i>Nominal</i> attendance on lectures."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Nominal</h1>
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<hw>Nom"i*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A nominalist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Camden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A verb formed from a noun.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A name; an appellation.</def>

<blockquote>A is the <b>nominal</b> of the sixth note in the natural diatonic scale.
<i>Moore (Encyc. of Music. )</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nominalism</h1>
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<hw>Nom"i*nal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles or philosophy of the Nominalists.</def>

<h1>Nominalist</h1>
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<hw>Nom"i*nal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of philosophers in the Middle Ages, who adopted the opinion of Roscelin, that general conceptions, or universals, exist in name only.</def>

<i>Reid.</i>

<h1>Nominalistic</h1>
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<hw>Nom`i*nal*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Nominalists.</def>

<h1>Nominalize</h1>
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<hw>Nom"i*nal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To convert into a noun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nominally</h1>
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<hw>Nom"i*nal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a nominal manner; by name; in name only; not in reality.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Nominate</h1>
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<hw>Nom"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nominated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nominating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>nominatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>nominare</ets> to nominate, fr. <ets>nomen</ets> name. See <er>Name</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To mention by name; to name.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>nominate</b> them all, it is impossible.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To call; to entitle; to denominate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To set down in express terms; to state</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Is it so <b>noiminated</b> in the bond?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To name, or designate by name, for an office or place; to appoint; esp., to name as a candidate for an election, choice, or appointment; to propose by name, or offer the name of, as a candidate for an office or place.</def>

<h1>Nominately</h1>
<Xpage=979>

<hw>Nom"i*nate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By name; particularly; namely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spelman.</i>

<h1>Nomination</h1>
<Xpage=979>

<hw>Nom`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nominatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>nomination</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of naming or nominating; designation of a person as a candidate for office; the power of nominating; the state of being nominated.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>nomination</b> of persons to places being . . .  a flower of his crown, he would reserve to himself.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The denomination, or name.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Nominatival</h1>
<Xpage=979>

<hw>Nom`i*na*ti"val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the nominative case.</def>

<h1>Nominative</h1>
<Xpage=979>

<hw>Nom"i*na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nominativus</ets> belonging to a name, nominative.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Giving a name; naming; designating; -- said of that case or form of a noun which stands as the subject of a finite verb.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The nominative case.</def></def2>

<h1>Nominatively</h1>
<Xpage=979>

<hw>Nom"i*na*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a nominative; as a nominative.</def>

<h1>Nominator</h1>
<Xpage=979>

<hw>Nom"i*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who nominates.</def>

<h1>Nominee</h1>
<Xpage=979>

<hw>Nom`i*nee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Nominate</er>, and <er>-ee</er>.]</ety> <def>A person named, or designated, by another, to any office, duty, or position; one nominated, or proposed, by others for office or for election to office.</def>

<h1>Nominor</h1>
<Xpage=979>

<hw>Nom"i*nor`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Nominate</er>, and <er>-or</er>.]</ety> <def>A nominator.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bentham.</i>

<h1>Nomocracy</h1>
<Xpage=979>

<hw>No*moc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ law + <ets>-cracy</ets>, as in demo<ets>cracy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Government in accordance with a system of law.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Nomography</h1>
<Xpage=979>

<hw>No*mog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ law + <?/ to write.]</ety> <def>A treatise on laws; an exposition of the form proper for laws.</def>

<h1>Nomology</h1>
<Xpage=979>

<hw>No*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ law + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The science of law; legislation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The science of the laws of the mind; rational psychology.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Nomopelmous</h1>
<Xpage=979>

<hw>Nom`o*pel"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ law, custom + <?/ sole of the foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a separate and simple tendon to flex the first toe, or hallux, as do passerine birds.</def>

<h1>Nomothete</h1>
<Xpage=979>

<hw>Nom"o*thete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ to assign: cf. F. <ets>nomoth\'8ate</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lawgiver.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Nomothetic, Nomothetical</h1>
<Xpage=979>

<hw><hw>Nom`o*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nom`o*thet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Legislative; enacting laws; <as>as, a <ex>nomothetical</ex> power</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Barlow.</i>

<h1>Non</h1>
<Xpage=979>

<hw>Non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>No; not. See <er>No</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Non-</h1>
<Xpage=979>

<hw>Non-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>non</ets>, OL. <ets>noenu</ets>, <ets>noenum</ets>, fr. <ets>neoenum</ets>, lit., not one. See <er>None</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix used in the sense of <i>not</i>; <i>un</i>-; <i>in</i>-; as in <i>non</i>attention, or <i>non</i>-attention, <i>non</i>conformity, <i>non</i>metallic, <i>non</i>suit.</def>

<note>&hand; The prefix <i>non-</i> may be joined to the leading word by means of a hyphen, or, in most cases, the hyphen may be dispensed with. The list of words having the prefix <i>non-</i> could easily be lengthened.</note>

<h1>Nonability</h1>
<Xpage=979>

<hw>Non`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Want of ability.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An exception taken against a plaintiff in a cause, when he is unable legally to commence a suit.</def>

<h1>Nonacceptance</h1>
<Xpage=979>

<hw>Non`ac*cept"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A neglect or refusal to accept.</def>

<hr>
<page="980">
Page 980<p>

<h1>Nonacid</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*ac"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Destitute of acid properties; hence, basic; metallic; positive; -- said of certain atoms and radicals.</def>

<h1>Nonacquaintance</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`ac*quaint"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of acquaintance; the state of being unacquainted.</def>

<h1>Nonacquiescence</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*ac`qui*es"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Refusal of acquiescence; failure to yield or comply.</def>

<h1>Nonadmission</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`ad*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Failure to be admitted.</def>

<h1>Nonadult</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`a*dult"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not adult; immature.</def>

<h1>Nona\'89robiotic</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*a`\'89r*o*bi*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Capable of living without atmospheric oxygen; ana\'89robiotic.</def>

<h1>Nonage</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>nonagium</ets>, from L. <ets>nonus</ets> ninth, <ets>novem</ets> nine.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The ninth part of movable goods, formerly payable to the clergy on the death of persons in their parishes.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Nonage</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non"age</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>non-</ets> + <ets>age</ets>.]</ety> <def>Time of life before a person becomes of age; legal immaturity; minority.</def>

<blockquote>The human mind . . . was still in its <b>nonage</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nonaged</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non"aged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the quality of nonage; being a minor; immature.</def>

<i>W. Browne.</i>

<h1>Nonagenarian</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`a*ge*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nonagenarius</ets> containing, or consisting of, ninety, fr. <ets>nonageni</ets> ninety each; akin to <ets>novem</ets> nine.]</ety> <def>A person ninety years old.</def>

<h1>Nonagesimal</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`a*ges"i*mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nonagesimus</ets> the ninetieth. See <er>Nonagenarian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the ninetieth degree or to a nonagesimal.</def>

<h1>Nonagesimal</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`a*ges"i*mal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The middle or highest point of the part of the ecliptic which is at any given moment above the horizon. It is the ninetieth degree of the ecliptic, reckoned from the points in which it is intersected by the horizon.</def>

<h1>Nonagon</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non"a*gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nonus</ets> ninth + Gr. <?/ angle.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A figure or polygon having nine sides and nine angles.</def>

<h1>Nonagrian</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*a"gri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any moth of the genus <spn>Nonagria</spn> and allied genera, as the spindleworm and stalk borer.</def>

<h1>Nonalienation</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*al`ien*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Failure to alienate; also, the state of not being alienated.</def>

<h1>Nonane</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non"ane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nonus</ets> ninth.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a group of metameric hydrocarbons <chform>C9H20</chform> of the paraffin series; -- so called because of the nine carbon atoms in the molecule. <stype>Normal nonane</stype> is a colorless volatile liquid, an ingredient of ordinary kerosene.</def>

<h1>Nonappearance</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`ap*pear"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Default of apperance, as in court, to prosecute or defend; failure to appear.</def>

<h1>Nonappointment</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`ap*point"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Neglect of making appointment; failure to receive an appointment.</def>

<h1>Nonarrival</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`ar*riv"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Failure to arrive.</def>

<h1>Non assumpsit</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non` as*sump"sit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., he did not undertake.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The general plea or denial in an action of assumpsit.</def>

<h1>Nonattendance</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`at*tend"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A failure to attend; omission of attendance; nonappearance.</def>

<h1>Nonattention</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`at*ten"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inattention.</def>

<h1>Nonbituminous</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`bi*tu"mi*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing no bitumen; not bituminous.</def>

<h1>Nonce</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Nonce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For the <ets>nonce</ets>, OE. for the <ets>nones</ets>, a corruption of for then <ets>ones</ets>, where <tt>n.</tt> in <ets>then</ets> is a relic of AS. <ets>m</ets> in <ets><?/am</ets>, dat. of the article and demonstrative pronoun, E. <ets>the</ets>. See <er>For</er>, <er>Once</er>, and <er>The</er>.]</ety> <def>The one or single occasion; the present call or purpose; -- chiefly used in the phrase <i>for the nonce</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The miller was a stout carl for the <b>nones</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And that he calls for drink, I 'll have prepared him
A chalice for the <b>nonce</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Nonce word</col>, <cd>"a word apparently employed only <i>for the nonce<i>".</cd></cs>

<i>Murray (New English Dict. ).</i>

<h1>Nonchalance</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`cha`lance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Nonchalant</er>.]</ety> <def>Indifference; carelessness; coolness.</def>

<h1>Nonchalant</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`cha`lant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>non</ets> not (L. <ets>non</ets>) + <ets>chaloir</ets> to concern one's self for, fr. L. <ets>calere</ets> to be warm, to be inflamed with desire, to be troubled. See <er>Non-</er>, and <er>Caldron</er>.]</ety> <def>Indifferent; careless; cool.</def>

<h1>Nonchalantly</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non"cha*lant`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a nonchalant, indifferent, or careless manner; coolly.</def>

<h1>Nonclaim</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non"claim`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A failure to make claim within the time limited by law; omission of claim.</def>

<h1>Noncohesion</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`co*he"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of cohesion.</def>

<h1>Noncoincidence</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`co*in"ci*dence</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Lack of coincidence.</def>

<h1>Noncoincident</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`co*in"ci*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not coincident.</def>

<h1>Noncombatant</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*com"bat*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Any person connected with an army, or within the lines of an army, who does not make it his business to fight, as any one of the medical officers and their assistants, chaplains, and others; also, any of the citizens of a place occupied by an army; also, any one holding a similar position with respect to the navy.</def>

<h1>Noncommissioned</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`com*mis"sioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not having a commission.</def>

<cs><col>Noncommissioned officer</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a subordinate officer not appointed by a commission from the chief executive or supreme authority of the State; but by the Secretary of War or by the commanding officer of the regiment.</cd></cs>

<h1>Noncommittal</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`com*mit"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of not being committed or pledged; forbearance or refusal to commit one's self. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Noncommunion</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`com*mun"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Neglect or failure of communion.</def>

<h1>Noncompletion</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`com*ple"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Lack of completion; failure to complete.</def>

<h1>Noncompliance</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`com*pli"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Neglect of compliance; failure to comply.</def>

<h1>Noncomplying</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`com*ply"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Neglecting or refusing to comply.</def>

<h1>Non compos.  Non compos mentis</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw><hw>Non com"pos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.  <hw>Non com"pos men"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.<hw><ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Not of sound mind; not having the regular use of reason; hence, also, as a noun, an idiot; a lunati<?/; one devoid of reason, either by nature or from accident.</def>

<h1>Noncon.</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non"con.</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Noncontent</er>.</def>

<h1>Nonconcluding</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`con*clud"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not concluding.</def>

<h1>Nonconcur</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`con*cur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To dissent or refuse to concur.</def>

<h1>Nonconcurrence</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`con*cur"rence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Refusal to concur.</def>

<h1>Noncondensible</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`con*den"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not condensible; incapable of being liquefied; -- said of gases.</def>

<h1>Noncondensing</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`con*dens"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>Not condensing; discharging the steam from the cylinder at a pressure nearly equal to or above that of the atmosphere and not into a condenser.</def>

<h1>Nonconducting</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`con*duct"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not conducting; not transmitting a fluid or force; <as>thus, in electricity, wax is a <ex>nonconducting</ex> substance</as>.</def><-- = nonconductive -->

<h1>Nonconduction</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`con*duc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of not being able to conduct or transmit; failure to conduct.</def>

<h1>Nonconductor</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`con*duct"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A substance which does not conduct, that is, convey or transmit, heat, electricity, sound, vibration, or the like, or which transmits them with difficulty; an insulator; <as>as, wool is a <ex>nonconductor</ex> of heat; glass and dry wood are <ex>nonconductors</ex> of electricity.</as></def>

<h1>Nonconforming</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`con*form"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not conforming; declining conformity; especially, not conforming to the established church of a country.</def>

<h1>Nonconformist</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`con*form"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who does not conform to an established church; especially, one who does not conform to the established church of England; a dissenter.</def>

<h1>Nonconformity</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*con*form"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Neglect or failure of conformity; especially, in England, the neglect or refusal to unite with the established church in its rites and modes of worship.</def>

<h1>Nonconstat</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`con"stat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Law L.]</ety> <def>It does not appear; it is not plain or clear; it does not follow.</def>

<h1>Noncontagious</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`con*ta"gious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not contagious; not catching; not communicable by contact.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Non`con*ta"gious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Noncontent</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`con*tent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(British House of Lords)</fld> <def>One who gives a negative vote; -- sometimes abridged into <abbr>noncon.</abbr> or <abbr>non con.</abbr></def>

<h1>Noncontributing, Noncontributory</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw><hw>Non`con*trib"u*ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Non`con*trib"u*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not contributing.</def>

<h1>Nonda</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The edible plumlike fruit of the Australian tree, <spn>Parinarium Nonda</spn>.</def>

<h1>Nondecane</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*dec"ane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nonus</ets> ninth + <ets>dec</ets>em ten.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon of the paraffin series, a white waxy substance, <chform>C19H40</chform>; -- so called from the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.</def>

<h1>Nondeciduate</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`de*cid"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Characterized by the absence of a decidua; indeciduate.</def>

<h1>Nondelivery</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`de*liv"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A neglect or failure of delivery; omission of delivery.</def>

<h1>Nondeposition</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*dep`o*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A failure to deposit or throw down.</def>

<h1>Nondescript</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non"de*script</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>non-</ets>  + L. <ets>descriptus</ets> described.]</ety> <def>Not hitherto described; novel; hence, odd; abnormal; unclassifiable.</def>

<h1>Nondescript</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non"de*script</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thing not yet described; that of which no account or explanation has been given; something abnormal, or hardly classifiable.</def>

<h1>Nondevelopment</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`de*vel"op*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Failure or lack of development.</def>

<h1>Nondiscovery</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`dis*cov"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want or failure of discovery.</def>

<h1>Nondo</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A coarse umbelliferous plant (<spn>Ligusticum act\'91ifolium</spn>) with a large aromatic root. It is found chiefly in the Alleghany region. Also called <altname>Angelico</altname>.</def>

<h1>None</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>None</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & pron.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>none</ets>, <ets>non</ets>, <ets>nan</ets>, <ets>no</ets>, <ets>na</ets>, AS. <ets>n\'ben</ets>, fr. <ets>ne</ets> not + <ets>\'ben</ets> one. <?/. See <er>No</er>, <tt>a.</tt> & <tt>adv.</tt>, <er>One</er>, and cf. <er>Non-</er>, <er>Null</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>No one; not one; not anything; -- frequently used also partitively, or as a plural, not any.</def>

<blockquote>There is <b>none</b> that doeth good; no, not one.
<i>Ps. xiv. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Six days ye shall gather it, but on the seventh day, which is the Sabbath, in it there shall be <b>none</b>.
<i>Ex. xvi. 26.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Terms of peace yet <b>none</b>
Vouchsafed or sought.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>None</b> of their productions are extant.
<i>Blair.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>No; not any; -- used adjectively before a vowel, in old style; <as>as, thou shalt have <ex>none</ex> assurance of thy life</as>.</def>

<cs><col>None of</col>, <cd>not at all; not; nothing of; -- used emphatically. "They knew that I was <i>none of<i> the register that entered their admissions in the universities." <i>Fuller</i>.</cd> -- <col>None-so-pretty</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the <spn>Saxifraga umbrosa</spn>. See <cref>London pride</cref> <sd>(a)</sd>, under <er>London</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>None</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>None</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Nones</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Noneffective</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`ef*fect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not effective.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Not fit or available for duty.</def>

<h1>Non-ego</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non-e"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., not I.]</ety> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The union of being and relation as distinguished from, and contrasted with, the <i>ego</i>. See <er>Ego</er>.</def>

<h1>Nonelastic</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`e*las"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not having elasticity.</def>

<h1>Nonelect</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`e*lect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>A person or persons not elected, or chosen, to salvation.</def>

<h1>Nonelection</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`e*lec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Failure of election.</def>

<h1>Nonelectric, Nonelectrical</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw><hw>Non`e*lec"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Non`e*lec"tric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not electric; conducting electricity.</def>

<h1>Nonelectric</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`e*lec"tric</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A substance that is not an electric; that which transmits electricity, as a metal.</def>

<h1>Nonemphatic, Nonemphatical</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw><hw>Non`em*phat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Non`em*phat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no emphasis; unemphatic.</def>

<h1>Nonentity</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*en"ti*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nonentities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Nonexistence; the negation of being.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thing not existing.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person or thing of little or no account.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Non-Episcopal</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`-E*pis"co*pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not Episcopal; not pertaining to the Episcopal church or system.</def>

<h1>Nones</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Nones</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nonae</ets>, so called because it was the ninth day before the ides, fr. <ets>nonus</ets> ninth, from <ets>novem</ets> nine. See <er>Nine</er>, <er>Nones</er>, 2, <er>Noon</er> .]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Roman Cal.)</fld> <def>The fifth day of the months January, February, April, June, August, September, November, and December, and the seventh day of March, May, July, and October.  The <i>nones</i> were nine days before the ides, reckoning inclusively, according to the Roman method.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>none</ets>, fr. L. See <er>Noon</er>.]</ety> <def>The canonical office, being a part of the Breviary, recited at noon (formerly at the ninth hour, 3 <sc>P. M.</sc>) in the Roman Catholic Church.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The hour of dinner; the noonday meal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>At my supper and sometimes at <b>nones</b>.
<i>P. Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nonessential</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`es*sen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not essential.</def>

<h1>Nonessential</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`es*sen"tial</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thing not essential.</def>

<h1>Non est factum</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non` est` fac"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Law L. it is not (his) deed.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The plea of the general issue in an action of debt on bond.</def>

<h1>Non est inventus</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non` est` in*ven"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., he is not found.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The return of a sheriff on a writ, when the defendant is not found in his county.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Nonesuch</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>None"such`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person or thing of a sort that there is no other such; something extraordinary; a thing that has not its equal. It is given as a name to various objects, as to a choice variety of apple, a species of medic (<spn>Medicago lupulina</spn>), a variety of pottery clay, etc.</def>

<h1>Nonet, Nonetto</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw><hw>No*net"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>No*net"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>nonus</ets> ninth, like E. <ets>duet</ets>, fr. L. <ets>duo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A composition for nine instruments, rarely for nine voices.</def>

<h1>Nonett</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non"ett</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The titmouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nonexecution</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*ex`e*cu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Neglect or failure of execution; nonperformance.</def>

<h1>Nonexistence</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`ex*ist"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Absence of existence; the negation of being; nonentity.</def>

<i>A. Baxter.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thing that has no existence.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Nonexistent</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`ex*ist"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not having existence.</def>

<h1>Nonexportation</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*ex`por*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A failure of exportation; a not exporting of commodities.</def>

<h1>Nonextensile</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`ex*ten"sile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not extensile; incapable of being stretched.</def>

<h1>Non-feasance</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non-fea"sance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>non-</ets> + OF. <ets>faisance</ets> a doing, fr. <ets>faire</ets> to do.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An omission or neglect to do something, esp. that which ought to have been done. Cf. <er>Malfeasance</er>.</def>

<h1>Nonfulfillment</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`ful*fill"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Neglect or failure to fulfill.</def>

<h1>Nonillion</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>No*nil"lion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nonus</ets> ninth + <ets>-illion</ets>, as in E. <ets>million</ets>.]</ety> <def>According to the French and American notation, a thousand octillions, or a unit with thirty ciphers annexed; according to the English notation, a million octillions, or a unit with fifty-four ciphers annexed. See the Note under <er>Numeration</er>.</def>

<h1>Nonimportation</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*im`por*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want or failure of importation; a not importing of commodities.</def>

<h1>Nonimporting</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`im*port"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not importing; not bringing from foreign countries.</def>

<h1>Noninflectional</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`in*flec"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not admitting of, or characterized by, inflection.</def>

<h1>Noninhabitant</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`in*hab"it*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is not an inhabitant; a stranger; a foreigner; a nonresident.</def>

<h1>Nonintervention</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*in`ter*ven"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or habit of not intervening or interfering; <as>as, the <ex>nonintervention</ex> of one state in the affairs of another</as>.</def>

<h1>Nonius</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>No"ni*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Latinized form of <ets>Nunez</ets>, the name of a Portuguese mathematician.]</ety> <def>A vernier.</def>

<h1>Nonjoinder</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*join"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The omission of some person who ought to have been made a plaintiff or defendant in a suit, or of some cause of action which ought to be joined.</def>

<h1>Nonjurant</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*ju"rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Nonjuring.</def>

<h1>Nonjuring</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*ju"ring</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>jurer</ets> to swear, or L. <ets>jurare</ets>, <ets>jurari</ets>, to swear, fr. L. <ets>jus</ets>, <ets>juris</ets>, right, law, justice. See <er>Jury</er>.]</ety> <def>Not swearing allegiance; -- applied to the party in Great Britain that would not swear allegiance to William and Mary, or their successors.</def>

<h1>Nonjuror</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*ju"ror</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of those adherents of James II. who refused to take the oath of allegiance to William and Mary, or to their successors, after the revolution of 1688; a Jacobite.</def>

<h1>Nonjurorism</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*ju"ror*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>The doctrines, or action, of the Nonjurors.</def>

<h1>Nonlimitation</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*lim`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of limitation; failure to limit.</def>

<h1>Non liquet</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non` li"quet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>It is not clear; -- a verdict given by a jury when a matter is to be deferred to another day of trial.</def>

<h1>Nonmalignant</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`ma*lig"nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not malignant, as a disease.</def>

<h1>Nonmanufacturing</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*man`u*fac"tur*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not carrying on manufactures.</def>

<h1>Nonmedullated</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*med"ul*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not medullated; <fld>(Anat.)</fld> without a medulla or marrow, or without a medullary sheath; <as>as, a <ex>nonmedullated</ex> nerve fiber</as>.</def>

<h1>Nonmember</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*mem"ber</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is not a member.</def>

<h1>Nonmembership</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*mem"ber*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of not being a member.</def>

<h1>Nonmetal</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non"met`al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of the set of elements which, as contrasted with the metals, possess, produce, or receive, acid rather than basic properties; a metalloid; <as>as, oxygen, sulphur, and chlorine are <ex>nonmetals</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Nonmetallic</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`me*tal"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not metallic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Resembling, or possessing the properties of, a nonmetal or metalloid; <as>as, sulphur is a <ex>nonmetallic</ex> element</as>.</def>

<h1>Nonnatural</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*nat"u*ral</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not natural; unnatural.</def>

<h1>Nonne</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Nonne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nonnecessity</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`ne*ces"si*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Absence of necessity; the quality or state of being unnecessary.</def>

<h1>Nonnitrognous</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`ni*trog"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Devoid of nitrogen; <as>as, a <ex>nonnitrogenous</ex> principle; a <ex>nonnitrogenous</ex> food</as>.  See the Note under <er>Food</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</def>

<h1>Nonnucleated</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non*nu"cle*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a nucleus.</def><-- = anucleate -->

<h1>Nonny</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A silly fellow; a ninny.</def>

<h1>Nonobedience</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`o*be"di*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Neglect of obedience; failure to obey.</def>

<h1>Nonobservance</h1>
<Xpage=980>

<hw>Non`ob*serv"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Neglect or failure to observe or fulfill.</def>

<hr>
<page="981">
Page 981<p>

<h1>Non obstante</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non` ob*stan"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Notwithstanding; in opposition to, or in spite of, what has been stated, or is to be stated or admitted.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A clause in old English statutes and letters patent, importing a license from the crown to do a thing notwithstanding any statute to the contrary. This dispensing power was abolished by the Bill of Rights.</def>

<blockquote>In this very reign [Henry III.] the practice of dispensing with statutes by a <b>non obstante</b> was introduced.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Non obstante veredicto</col> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a judgment sometimes entered by order of the court, for the plaintiff, <i>notwithstanding a verdict<i> for the defendant.</cd></cs>

<i>Stephen.</i>

<h1>Nonoic</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>No*no"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, nonane; <as>as, <ex>nonoic</ex> acid, which is also called <ex>pelargonic</ex> acid</as>. Cf. <er>Pelargonic</er>.</def>

<h1>Nonone</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non"one</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Non</ets>ane + <ets>-one</ets>, suffix denoting the third degree of unsaturation.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of several metameric unsaturated hydrocarbons (<chform>C9H14</chform>) of the valylene series.</def>

<h1>Nonoxygenous</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non`ox*yg"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Without oxygen; characterized by the absence of oxygen; <as>as, a <ex>nonoxygenous</ex> alkaloid</as>.</def>

<h1>Nonpareil</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non`pa*reil"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Nonpareil</er>, <tt>a.</tt> ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Something of unequaled excellence; a peerless thing or person; a nonesuch; -- often used as a name.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>nonpareille</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A size of type next smaller than <i>minion</i> and next larger than <i>agate</i> (or <i>ruby</i>).</def>

<note>&hand; <nonpareiltype>This line is printed in the type called <i>nonpareil</i>.</nonpareiltype></note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A beautifully colored finch (<spn>Passerina ciris</spn>), native of the Southern United States. The male has the head and neck deep blue, rump and under parts bright red, back and wings golden green, and the tail bluish purple. Called also <altname>painted finch</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any other similar bird of the same genus.</def>

<h1>Nonpareil</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non`pa*reil"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., from <ets>non</ets> not + <ets>pareil</ets> equal, fr. LL. <ets>pariculus</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>par</ets> equal. See <er>Non</er>, and <er>Pair</er>, <er>Peer</er>.]</ety> <def>Having no equal; peerless.</def>

<h1>Nonpayment</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non*pay"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Neglect or failure to pay.</def>

<h1>Nonperformance</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non`per*form"ance</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Neglect or failure to perform.</def>

<h1>Nonphotobiotic</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non*pho`to*bi*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Capable of living without light; <as>as, <ex>nonphotobiotic</ex> plant cells, or cells which habitually live in darkness</as>.</def>

<h1>Nonplane</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non`plane"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Not lying in one plane; -- said of certain curves.</def>

<h1>Nonplus</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non"plus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>non</ets> not + <ets>plus</ets> more, further. See <er>Plural</er>.]</ety> <def>A state or condition which daffles reason or confounds judgment; insuperable difficalty; inability to proceed or decide; puzzle; quandary.</def>

<blockquote>Both of them are a perfect <b>nonplus</b> and baffle to all human understanding.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nonplus</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non"plus`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nonplused</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Nonplussed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nonplusing</er> or <er>Nonplussing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To puzzle; to confound; to perplex; to cause to stop by embarrassment.</def>

<blockquote>He has been <b>nonplused</b> by Mr. Dry's desiring him to tell what it was that he endeavored to prove.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nonpreparation</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non*prep`a*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Neglect or failure to prepare; want of preparation.</def>

<h1>Nonpresentation</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non*pres`en*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Neglect or failure to present; state of not being presented.</def>

<h1>Nonproduction</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non`pro*duc"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A failure to produce or exhibit.</def>

<h1>Nonprofessional</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non`pro*fes"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not belonging to a profession; not done by, or proceeding from, professional men; contrary to professional usage.</def>

<h1>Nonproficiency</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non`pro*fi"cien*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of proficiency; failure to make progress.</def>

<h1>Nonproficient</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non`pro*fi"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who has failed to become proficient.</def>

<h1>Non pros.</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non" pros.`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <def> An abbreviation of <er>Non prosequitur</er>.</def>

<h1>Non-pros</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non`-pros"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nonprossed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Non-prossing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To decline or fail to prosecute; to allow to be dropped (said of a suit); to enter judgment against (a plaintiff who fails to prosecute); <as>as, the plaintiff was <ex>non-prossed</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Non prosequitur</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non" pro*seq"ui*tur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. he does not prosecute.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A judgment entered against the plaintiff in a suit where he does not appear to prosecute. See <er>Nolle prosequi</er>.</def>

<h1>Nonrecurrent</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non`re*cur"rent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not recurring.</def>

<h1>Nonrecurring</h1>
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<hw>Non`re*cur"ring</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Nonrecurrent.</def>

<h1>Nonregardance</h1>
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<hw>Non`re*gard"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of due regard; disregard; slight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Nonregent</h1>
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<hw>Non`re"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Universities)</fld> <def>A master of arts whose regency has ceased. See <er>Regent</er>.</def>

<h1>Nonrendition</h1>
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<hw>Non`ren*di"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Neglect of rendition; the not rendering what is due.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>nonrendition</b> of a service which is due.
<i>S. E. Dwight.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nonresemblance</h1>
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<hw>Non`re*sem"blance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of resemblance; unlikeness; dissimilarity.</def>

<h1>Nonresidence</h1>
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<hw>Non*res"i*dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of being nonresident,</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Nonresident</h1>
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<hw>Non*res"i*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not residing in a particular place, on one's own estate, or in one's proper place; <as>as, a <ex>nonresident</ex> clergyman or proprietor of lands</as>.</def>

<h1>Nonresident</h1>
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<hw>Non*res"i*dent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nonresident person; one who does not reside in the State or jurisdiction.</def>

<h1>Nonresistance</h1>
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<hw>Non`re*sist"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles or practice of a nonresistant; passive obedience; submission to authority, power, oppression, or violence without opposition.</def>

<h1>Nonresistant</h1>
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<hw>Non`re*sist"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making no resistance.</def>

<h1>Nonresistant</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non`re*sist"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who maintains that no resistance should be made to constituted authority, even when unjustly or oppressively exercised; one who advocates or practices absolute submission; also, one who holds that violence should never be resisted by force.</def>

<h1>Nonresisting</h1>
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<hw>Non`re*sist"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not making resistance.</def>

<h1>Nonruminant</h1>
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<hw>Non*ru"mi*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not ruminating; <as>as, a <ex>nonruminant</ex> animal</as>.</def>

<h1>Nonsane</h1>
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<hw>Non`sane"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unsound; not perfect; <as>as, a person of <ex>nonsane</ex> memory</as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Nonsense</h1>
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<hw>Non"sense</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>non-</ets> + <ets>sense</ets>: cf. F. <ets>nonsens</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is not sense, or has no sense; words, or language, which have no meaning, or which convey no intelligible ideas; absurdity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Trifles; things of no importance.</def>

<cs><col>Nonsense verses</col>, <cd>lines made by taking any words which occur, but especially certain words which it is desired to recollect, and arranging them without reference to anything but the measure, so that the rhythm of the lines may aid in recalling the remembrance of the words.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Folly; silliness; absurdity; trash; balderdash.</syn>

<h1>Nonsensical</h1>
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<hw>Non*sen"si*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without sense; unmeaning; absurb; foolish; irrational; preposterous.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Non*sen"si*cal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Non*sen"si*cal*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Nonsensitive</h1>
<Xpage=981>

<hw>Non*sen"si*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not sensitive; wanting sense or perception; not easily affected.</def>

<h1>Non sequitur</h1>
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<hw>Non seq"ui*tur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., it does not follow.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>An inference which does not follow from the premises.</def>

<h1>Nonsexual</h1>
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<hw>Non*sex"u*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no distinction of sex; sexless; neuter.</def>

<h1>Nonslaveholding</h1>
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<hw>Non*slave"hold`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not possessing or holding slaves; <as>as, a <ex>nonslaveholding</ex> State</as>.</def>

<h1>Nonsolution</h1>
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<hw>Non`so*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Failure of solution or explanation.</def>

<h1>Nonsolvency</h1>
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<hw>Non*sol"ven*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Inability to pay debts; insolvency.</def>

<h1>Nonsolvent</h1>
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<hw>Non*sol"vent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not solvent; insolvent.</def>

<h1>Nonsolvent</h1>
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<hw>Non*sol"vent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An insolvent.</def>

<h1>Nonsonant</h1>
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<hw>Non*so"nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not sonant.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A nonsonant or nonvocal consonant.</def></def2>

<h1>Nonsparing</h1>
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<hw>Non*spar"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sparing none.</def>

<h1>Nonstriated</h1>
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<hw>Non*stri"a*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Without striations; unstriped; <as>as, <ex>nonstriated</ex> muscle fibers</as>.</def>

<h1>Nonsubmission</h1>
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<hw>Non`sub*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Want of submission; failure or refusal to submit.</def>

<h1>Nonsubmissive</h1>
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<hw>Non`sub*mis"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not submissive.</def>

<h1>Nonsuch</h1>
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<hw>Non"such</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Nonesuch</er>.</def>

<h1>Nonsuit</h1>
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<hw>Non"suit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A neglect or failure by the plaintiff to follow up his suit; a stopping of the suit; a renunciation or withdrawal of the cause by the plaintiff, either because he is satisfied that he can not support it, or upon the judge's expressing his opinion. A compulsory nonsuit is a nonsuit ordered by the court on the ground that the plaintiff on his own showing has not made out his case.</def>

<h1>Nonsuit</h1>
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<hw>Non"suit`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nonsuited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nonsuiting</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To determine, adjudge, or record (a plaintiff) as having dropped his suit, upon his withdrawal or failure to follow it up.</def> "When two are joined in a writ, and one is <i>nonsuited</i>."

<i>Z. Swift.</i>

<h1>Nonsuit</h1>
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<hw>Non"suit`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Nonsuited.</def>

<i>D. A. Tyng.</i>

<h1>Nonsurety</h1>
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<hw>Non*sure"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Insecurity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nontenure</h1>
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<hw>Non*ten"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A plea of a defendant that he did not hold the land, as affirmed.</def>

<h1>Nonterm</h1>
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<hw>Non"term`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A vacation between two terms of a court.</def>

<h1>Nontoxic</h1>
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<hw>Non*tox"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not toxic.</def>

<h1>Nontronite</h1>
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<hw>Non"tro*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called because found in the arrondissement of <ets>Notron</ets>, France.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A greenish yellow or green mineral, consisting chiefly of the hydrous silicate of iron.</def>

<h1>Nonuniformist</h1>
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<hw>Non*u"ni*form`ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes that past changes in the structure of the earth have proceeded from cataclysms or causes more violent than are now operating; -- called also <altname>nonuniformitarian</altname>.</def>

<h1>Nonunionist</h1>
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<hw>Non*un"ion*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who does not belong, or refuses to belong, to a trades union.</def>

<h1>Nonusance</h1>
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<hw>Non*us"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Neglect of using; failure to use.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Nonuser</h1>
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<hw>Non*us"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <p><b>1.</b> <def>A not using; failure to use.</def>

<blockquote>An office may be forfeited by misuser or <b>nonuser</b>.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Neglect or omission to use an easement or franchise or to assert a right.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Nonvascular</h1>
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<hw>Non*vas"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Destitute of vessels; extravascular.</def>

<h1>Nonvernacular</h1>
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<hw>Non`ver*nac"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not vernacular.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>nonvernacular</b> expression.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nonvocal</h1>
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<hw>Non*vo"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not vocal; destitute of tone.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A nonvocal consonant.</def></def2>

<h1>Nonyl</h1>
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<hw>Non"yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Non</ets>ane + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The hydrocarbon radical, <chform>C9H19</chform>, derived from nonane and forming many compounds. Used also adjectively; <as>as, <ex>nonyl</ex> alcohol</as>.</def>

<h1>Nonylene</h1>
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<hw>Non"y*lene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Non</ets>ane + eth<ets>ylene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a series of metameric, unsaturated hydrocarbons <chform>C9H18</chform> of the ethylene series.</def>

<h1>Nonylenic</h1>
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<hw>Non`y*len"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, related to, or designating, nonylene or its compounds; <as>as, <ex>nonylenic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Nonylic</h1>
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<hw>No*nyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, nonyl or its compounds; <as>as, <ex>nonylic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Noodle</h1>
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<hw>Noo"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Noddle</er>, <er>Noddy</er>.]</ety> <def>A simpleton; a blockhead; a stupid person; a ninny.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<blockquote>The chuckling grin of <b>noodles</b>.
<i>Sydney Smith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Noodle</h1>
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<hw>Noo"dle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>nudel</ets> vermicelli.]</ety> <def>A thin strip of dough, made with eggs, rolled up, cut into small pieces, and used in soup.</def>

<h1>Nook</h1>
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<hw>Nook</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nok</ets>; cf. Gael. & Ir. <ets>niuc</ets>.]</ety> <def>A narrow place formed by an angle in bodies or between bodies; a corner; a recess; a secluded retreat.</def>

<blockquote>How couldst thou find this dark, sequestered <b>nook</b>?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nook-shotten</h1>
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<hw>Nook"-shot`ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of nooks, angles, or corners.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>That <b>nook-shotten</b> isle of Albion.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>No\'94logical</h1>
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<hw>No`\'94*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to no\'94logy.</def>

<h1>No\'94logist</h1>
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<hw>No*\'94l"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in no\'94logy.</def>

<h1>No\'94logy</h1>
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<hw>No*\'94l"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the mind + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of intellectual phenomena.</def>

<h1>Noon</h1>
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<hw>Noon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>No. See the Note under No.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Noon</h1>
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<hw>Noon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>n<?/n</ets>, orig., the ninth hour, fr. L.<ets>nona</ets> (sc. hora) the ninth hour, then applied to the church services (called <ets>nones</ets>) at that hour, the time of which was afterwards changed to noon. See <er>Nine</er>, and cf. <er>Nones</er>, <er>Nunchion</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The middle of the day; midday; the time when the sun is in the meridian; twelve o'clock in the daytime.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, the highest point; culmination.</def>

<blockquote>In the very <b>noon</b> of that brilliant life which was destined to be so soon, and so fatally, overshadowed.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>High noon</col>, <cd>the exact meridian; midday.</cd> -- <col>Noon of night</col>, <cd>midnight. <mark>[Poetic]</mark> <i>Dryden</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Noon</h1>
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<hw>Noon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to midday; occurring at midday; meridional.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Noon</h1>
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<hw>Noon</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take rest and refreshment at noon.</def>

<h1>Noonday</h1>
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<hw>Noon"day`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Midday; twelve o'clock in the day; noon.</def>

<h1>Noonday</h1>
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<hw>Noon"day`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to midday; meridional; <as>as, the <ex>noonday</ex> heat</as>.</def> "<i>Noonday</i> walks."

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Noon-flower</h1>
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<hw>Noon"-flow`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The goat's beard, whose flowers close at midday.</def>

<h1>Nooning</h1>
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<hw>Noon"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rest at noon; a repast at noon.</def>

<h1>Noonshun</h1>
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<hw>Noon"shun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Nunchion</er>.</def>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Noonstead</h1>
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<hw>Noon"stead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The position of the sun at noon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Noontide</h1>
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<hw>Noon"tide`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>noon + tide</ets> time; cf. AS. <ets>n<?/nt\'c6d</ets> the ninth hour.]</ety> <def>The time of noon; midday.</def>

<h1>Noose</h1>
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<hw>Noose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. OF. <ets>nous</ets>, nom. sing. or acc. pl. of <ets>nou</ets> knot, F. <ets>n<?/ud</ets>, L. <ets>nodus</ets>. Cf. <er>Node</er>.]</ety> <def>A running knot, or loop, which binds the closer the more it is drawn.</def>

<h1>Noose</h1>
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<hw>Noose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Noosed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Noosing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To tie in a noose; to catch in a noose; to entrap; to insnare.</def>

<h1>Noot</h1>
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<hw>Noot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See lst <er>Not</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nopal</h1>
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<hw>No"pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Mexican <ets>nopalli</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A cactaceous plant (<spn>Nopalea cochinellifera</spn>), originally Mexican, on which the cochineal insect feeds, and from which it is collected. The name is sometimes given to other species of <spn>Cactace\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Nopalry</h1>
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<hw>No"pal*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nopalries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A plantation of the nopal for raising the cochineal insect.</def>

<h1>Nope</h1>
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<hw>Nope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bullfinch.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Nor</h1>
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<hw>Nor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nor</ets>, contr. from <ets>nother</ets>. See <er>Neither</er>.]</ety> <def>A negative connective or particle, introducing the second member or clause of a negative proposition, following <i>neither</i>, or <i>not</i>, in the first member or clause (as <i>or</i> in affirmative propositions follows <i>either</i>). <i>Nor</i> is also used sometimes in the first member for <i>neither</i>, and sometimes the <i>neither</i> is omitted and implied by the use of <i>nor</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Provide neither gold <b>nor</b> silver, <b>nor</b> brass, in your purses, <b>nor</b> scrip for your journey.
<i>Matt. x. 9, 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where neither moth <b>nor</b> rust doth corrupt.
<i>Matt. vi. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I love him not, <b>nor</b> fear him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where neither party is <b>nor</b> true, <b>nor</b> kind.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Simois <b>nor</b> Xanthus shall be wanting there.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Norbertine</h1>
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<hw>Nor"bert*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Premonstrant</er>.</def>

<-- nori.  (Jap.) a dried seaweed used as a seasoning or as a wrapper for sushi -->

<h1>Noria</h1>
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<hw>No"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., from Ar. <ets>n\'be'<?/ra</ets>.]</ety> <def>A large water wheel, turned by the action of a stream against its floats, and carrying at its circumference buckets, by which water is raised and discharged into a trough; used in Arabia, China, and elsewhere for irrigating land; a Persian wheel.</def>

<h1>Norian</h1>
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<hw>No"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>norite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the upper portion of the Laurentian rocks.</def>

<i>T. S. Hunt.</i>

<h1>Norice</h1>
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<hw>Nor"ice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Nurse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Norie</h1>
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<hw>No"rie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cormorant.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Norimon</h1>
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<hw>Nor"i*mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Norimons</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A Japanese covered litter, carried by men.</def>

<i>B. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Norite</h1>
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<hw>No"rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>Nor</ets>v\'8age Norway .]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A granular crystalline rock consisting essentially of a triclinic feldspar (as labradorite) and hypersthene.</def>

<h1>Norium</h1>
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<hw>No"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A supposed metal alleged to have been discovered in zircon.</def>

<h1>Norm</h1>
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<hw>Norm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>norma</ets> a rule. See <er>Normal</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A rule or authoritative standard; a model; a type.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A typical, structural unit; a type.</def>

<i>Agassiz.</i>

<h1>Norma</h1>
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<hw>Nor"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A norm; a principle or rule; a model; a standard.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mason's or a carpenter's square or rule.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A templet or gauge.</def>

<h1>Normal</h1>
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<hw>Nor"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>normalis</ets>, fr. <ets>norma</ets> rule, pattern, carpenter's square; prob. akin to <ets>noscere</ets> to know; cf. Gr. <?/ well known, <?/ gnomon, also, carpenter's square: cf. F. <ets>normal</ets>. See <er>Known</er>, and cf. <er>Abnormal</er>, <er>Enormous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>According to an established norm, rule, or principle; conformed to a type, standard, or regular form; performing the proper functions; not abnormal; regular; natural; analogical.</def>

<blockquote>Deviations from the <b>normal</b> type.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>According to a square or rule; perpendicular; forming a right angle. Specifically: Of or pertaining to a normal.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Standard; original; exact; typical</def>. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Quantitative Analysis)</fld> <def>Denoting a solution of such strength that every cubic centimeter contains the same number of milligrams of the element in question as the number of its molecular weight</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Denoting certain hypothetical compounds, as acids from which the real acids are obtained by dehydration; thus, <i>normal</i> sulphuric acid and <i>normal</i> nitric acid are respectively <chform>S(OH)6</chform>, and <chform>N(OH)5</chform></def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Organ. Chem.)</fld> <def>Denoting that series of hydrocarbons in which no carbon atom is united with more than two other carbon atoms; <as>as, <ex>normal</ex> pentane, hexane, etc.</as> Cf. <er>Iso-</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Normal equations</col> <fld>(Method of Least Squares)</fld>, <cd>a set of equations of the first degree equal in number to the number of unknown quantities, and derived from the observations by a specified process. The solution of the normal equations gives the most probable values of the unknown quantities.</cd> -- <col>Normal group</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a group of rocks taken as a standard. <i>Lyell</i>.</cd> -- <col>Normal place</col> (of a planet or comet) <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the apparent place in the heavens of a planet or comet at a specified time, the place having been determined by a considerable number of observations, extending perhaps over many days, and so combined that the accidental errors of observation have largely balanced each other.</cd> -- <col>Normal school</col>, <cd>a school whose methods of instruction are to serve as a model for imitation; an institution for the training of teachers.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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<syn>Syn. -- <er>Normal</er>, <er>Regular</er>, <er>Ordinary</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Regular</i> and <i>ordinary</i> are popular terms of well-known signification; <i>normal</i> has now a more specific sense, arising out of its use in science. A thing is <i>normal</i>, or in its <i>normal</i> state, when strictly conformed to those principles of its constitution which mark its species or to the standard of a healthy and natural condition. It is <i>abnormal</i> when it departs from those principles.</usage>

<h1>Normal</h1>
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<hw>Nor"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>normale</ets>, <ets>ligne normale</ets>. See <er>Normal</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>(<i>Geom</i>.) Any perpendicular.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A straight line or plane drawn from any point of a curve or surface so as to be perpendicular to the curve or surface at that point.</def>

<note>&hand; The term <i>normal</i> is also used to denote the distance along the normal line from the curve to the axis of abscissas or to the center of curvature.</note>

<h1>Normalcy</h1>
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<hw>Nor"mal*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality, state, or fact of being normal; <as>as, the point of <ex>normalcy</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Normalization</h1>
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<hw>Nor`mal*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reduction to a standard or normal state.</def>

<h1>Normally</h1>
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<hw>Nor"mal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a normal manner.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Norman</h1>
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<hw>Nor"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>normand</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A wooden bar, or iron pin.</def>

<i>W. C. Russell.</i>

<h1>Norman</h1>
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<hw>Nor"man</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>normand</ets>, of Scand. origin. See <er>Northman</er>, and cf. <er>Norse</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Normandy or to the Normans; <as>as, the <ex>Norman</ex> language; the <ex>Norman</ex> conquest.</as></def>

<cs><col>Norman style</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a style of architecture which arose in the tenth century, characterized by great massiveness, simplicity, and strength, with the use of the semicircular arch, heavy round columns, and a great variety of ornaments, among which the zigzag and spiral or cable-formed ornaments were prominent.</cd></cs>

<h1>Norman</h1>
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<hw>Nor"man</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Normandy; originally, one of the Northmen or Scandinavians who conquered Normandy in the 10th century; afterwards, one of the mixed (Norman-French) race which conquered England, under William the Conqueror.</def>

<h1>Normanism</h1>
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<hw>Nor"man*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Norman idiom; a custom or expression peculiar to the Normans.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Norn, Norna</h1>
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<hw><hw>Norn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nor"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>norn</ets>, pl. <ets>nornir</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Scandinavian Myth.)</fld> <def>One of the three Fates, Past, Present, and Future. Their names were Urd, Verdandi, and Skuld.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tutelary deity; a genius.</def>

<h1>Noropianic</h1>
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<hw>No*ro`pi*an"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Etymology uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the aromatic series obtained from opianic acid.</def>

<h1>Norroy</h1>
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<hw>Nor"roy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Lit., north king, fr. F. <ets>nord</ets> north + <ets>roi</ets> king.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The most northern of the English Kings-at-arms. See <cref>King-at-arms</cref>, under <er>King</er>.</def>

<h1>Norse</h1>
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<hw>Norse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Dan. <ets>Norsk</ets>, fr. <ets>nord</ets> north. See <er>North</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to ancient Scandinavia, or to the language spoken by its inhabitants.</def>

<h1>Norse</h1>
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<hw>Norse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Norse language.</def>

<h1>Norseman</h1>
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<hw>Norse"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Norsemen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One of the ancient Scandinavians; a Northman.</def>

<h1>Nortelry</h1>
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<hw>Nor"tel*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Nurture</er>.]</ety> <def>Nurture; education; culture; bringing up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Nortelry</b> . . .  learned at the nunnery.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>North</h1>
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<hw>North</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>nor&edh;</ets>; akin to D. <ets>noord</ets>, G., Sw., & Dan. <ets>nord</ets>, Icel. <ets>nor&edh;r</ets>. Cf. <er>Norman</er>, <er>Norse</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That one of the four cardinal points of the compass, at any place, which lies in the direction of the true meridian, and to the left hand of a person facing the east; the direction opposite to the south.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any country or region situated farther to the north than another; the northern section of a country.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Specifically: That part of the United States lying north of Mason and Dixon's line. See under <er>Line</er>.</def>

<h1>North</h1>
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<hw>North</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lying toward the north; situated at the north, or in a northern direction from the point of observation or reckoning; proceeding toward the north, or coming from the north.</def>

<cs><col>North following</col>. <cd>See <er>Following</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 2.</cd> -- <col>North pole</col>, <cd>that point in the heavens, or on the earth, ninety degrees from the equator toward the north.</cd> -- <col>North preceding</col>. <cd>See <er>Following</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 2.</cd> -- <col>North star</col>, <cd>the star toward which the north pole of the earth very nearly points, and which accordingly seems fixed and immovable in the sky. The star &alpha; (alpha) of the Little Bear, is our present north star, being distant from the pole about 1&deg; 25\'b7, and from year to year approaching slowly nearer to it.</cd> It is called also <altname>Cynosura</altname>, <altname>polestar</altname>, and by astronomers, <altname>Polaris</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>North</h1>
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<hw>North</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To turn or move toward the north; to veer from the east or west toward the north.</def>

<h1>North</h1>
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<hw>North</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Northward.</def>

<h1>Northeast</h1>
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<hw>North`east"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The point between the north and east, at an equal distance from each; the northeast part or region.</def>

<h1>Northeast</h1>
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<hw>North`east"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the northeast; proceeding toward the northeast, or coming from that point; <as>as, a <ex>northeast</ex> course; a <ex>northeast</ex> wind.</as></def>

<cs><col>Northeast passage</col>, <cd>a passage or communication by sea between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans along the north coast of Asia.</cd></cs>

<h1>Northeast</h1>
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<hw>North`east"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Toward the northeast.</def>

<h1>Northeaster</h1>
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<hw>North`east"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A storm, strong wind, or gale, coming from the northeast.</def>

<h1>Northeasterly</h1>
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<hw>North`east"er*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the northeast; toward the northeast, or coming from the northeast.</def>

<h1>Northeasterly</h1>
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<hw>North`east"er*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Toward the northeast.</def>

<h1>Northeastern</h1>
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<hw>North`east"ern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the northeast; northeasterly.</def>

<h1>Northeastward, Northeastwardly</h1>
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<hw><hw>North`east"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>North`east"ward*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Toward the northeast.</def>

<h1>Norther</h1>
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<hw>North"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wind from the north; esp., a strong and cold north wind in Texas and the vicinity of the Gulf of Mexico.</def>

<h1>Northerliness</h1>
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<hw>North"er*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being northerly; direction toward the north.</def>

<h1>Northerly</h1>
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<hw>North"er*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the north; toward the north, or from the north; northern.</def>

<h1>Northerly</h1>
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<hw>North"er*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Toward the north.</def>

<h1>Northern</h1>
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<hw>North"ern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>nor&edh;erne</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the north; being in the north, or nearer to that point than to the east or west.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a direction toward the north; <as>as, to steer a <ex>northern</ex> course</as>; coming from the north; <as>as, a <ex>northern</ex> wind</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Northern diver</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Loon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Northern lights</col>. <cd>See <cref>Aurora borealis</cref>, under <er>Aurora</er>.</cd> -- <col>Northern spy</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an excellent American apple, of a yellowish color, marked with red.</cd></cs>

<h1>Northerner</h1>
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<hw>North"ern*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One born or living in the north.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of the Northern States; -- contradistinguished from <ant>Southerner</ant>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Northernly</h1>
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<hw>North"ern*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Northerly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hakewill.</i>

<h1>Northernmost</h1>
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<hw>North"ern*most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Northmost</er>.]</ety> <def>Farthest north.</def>

<h1>Northing</h1>
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<hw>North"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Surv. & Navigation)</fld> <def>Distance northward from any point of departure or of reckoning, measured on a meridian; -- opposed to <ant>southing</ant>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The distance of any heavenly body from the equator northward; north declination.</def>

<h1>Northman</h1>
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<hw>North"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Northmen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>nor&edh;man</ets>. See <er>North</er>, and <er>Man</er>, and cf. <er>Norman</er>.]</ety> <def>One of the inhabitants of the north of Europe; esp., one of the ancient Scandinavians; a Norseman.</def>

<h1>Northmost</h1>
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<hw>North"most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>nor<?/mest</ets>. Cf.<er>Aftermost</er>.]</ety> <def>Lying farthest north; northernmost.</def>

<blockquote><b>Northmost</b> part of the coast of Mozambique.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Northness</h1>
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<hw>North"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tendency in the end of a magnetic needle to point to the north.</def>

<i>Faraday.</i>

<h1>Northumbrian</h1>
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<hw>North*um"bri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Northumberland in England.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Northumberland.</def></def2>

<h1>Northward</h1>
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<hw>North"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>nor&edh;weard</ets>.]</ety> <def>Toward the north; nearer to the north than to the east or west point.</def>

<h1>Northward, Northwards</h1>
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<hw><hw>North"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>North"wards</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Toward the north, or toward a point nearer to the north than to the east or west point.</def>

<h1>Northwardly</h1>
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<hw>North"ward*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a northern direction.</def>

<h1>Northwardly</h1>
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<hw>North"ward*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a northern direction.</def>

<h1>Northwest</h1>
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<hw>North`west"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>nor&edh;west</ets>.]</ety> <def>The point in the horizon between the north and west, and equally distant from each; the northwest part or region.</def>

<h1>Northwest</h1>
<Xpage=982>

<hw>North`west"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or in the direction of, the point between the north and west; being in the northwest; toward the northwest, or coming from the northwest; <as>as, the <ex>northwest</ex> coast</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Coming from the northwest; <as>as, a <ex>northwest</ex> wind</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Northwest passage</col>, <cd>a passage or communication by sea between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans along the north coast of America, long sought for by navigators.</cd></cs>

<h1>Northwest</h1>
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<hw>North`west"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Toward the northwest.</def>

<h1>Northwester</h1>
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<hw>North`west"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A storm or gale from the northwest; a strong northwest wind.</def>

<h1>Northwesterly</h1>
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<hw>North`west"er*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Toward the northwest, or from the northwest.</def>

<h1>Northwestern</h1>
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<hw>North`west"ern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or being in, the northwest; in a direction toward the northwest; coming from the northwest; northwesterly; <as>as, a <ex>northwestern</ex> course</as>.</def>

<h1>Northwestward, Northwestwardly</h1>
<Xpage=982>

<hw><hw>North`west"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>North`west"ward*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Toward the northwest.</def>

<h1>Norwegian</h1>
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<hw>Nor*we"gi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>Noregr</ets>, <ets>Norvegr</ets>, Norway. See <er>North</er>, and <er>Way</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Norway, its inhabitants, or its language.</def>

<h1>Norwegian</h1>
<Xpage=982>

<hw>Nor*we"gi*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native of Norway.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That branch of the Scandinavian language spoken in Norway.</def>

<h1>Norwegium</h1>
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<hw>Nor*we"gi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Norwegian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare metallic element, of doubtful identification, said to occur in the copper-nickel of Norway.</def>

<h1>Norweyan</h1>
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<hw>Nor*we"yan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Norwegian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Nose</h1>
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<hw>Nose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>nosu</ets>; akin to D. <ets>neus</ets>, G. <ets>nase</ets>, OHG. <ets>nasa</ets>, Icel. <ets>n\'94s</ets>, Sw. <ets>n\'84sa</ets>, Dan. <ets>n\'84se</ets>, Lith. <ets>nosis</ets>, Russ. <ets>nos'</ets>, L. <ets>nasus</ets>, <ets>nares</ets>, Skr. <ets>n\'bes\'be</ets>, <ets>n\'bes</ets>. <?/ Cf. <er>Nasal</er>, <er>Nasturtium</er>, <er>Naze</er>, <er>Nostril</er>, <er>Nozzle</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The prominent part of the face or anterior extremity of the head containing the nostrils and olfactory cavities; the olfactory organ. See <er>Nostril</er>, and <cref>Olfactory organ</cref> under <er>Olfactory</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The power of smelling; hence, scent.</def>

<blockquote>We are not offended with a dog for a better <b>nose</b> than his master.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A projecting end or beak at the front of an object; a snout; a nozzle; a spout; <as>as, the <ex>nose</ex> of a bellows; the <ex>nose</ex> of a teakettle.</as></def>

<cs><col>Nose bit</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a bit similar to a gouge bit, but having a cutting edge on one side of its boring end.</cd> -- <col>Nose hammer</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a frontal hammer.</cd> -- <col>Nose hole</col> <fld>(Glass Making)</fld>, <cd>a small opening in a furnace, before which a globe of crown glass is held and kept soft at the beginning of the flattening process.</cd> -- <col>Nose key</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a fox wedge.</cd> -- <col>Nose leaf</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a thin, broad, membranous fold of skin on the nose of many species of bats. It varies greatly in size and form.</cd> -- <col>Nose of wax</col>, fig., <cd>a person who is pliant and easily influenced.</cd> "A <i>nose of wax</i> to be turned every way." <i>Massinger</i> -- <col>Nose piece</col>, <cd>the nozzle of a pipe, hose, bellows, etc.; the end piece of a microscope body, to which an objective is attached.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To hold</col>, <col>put</col>, &or; <col>bring one's nose to the grindstone</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Grindstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>To lead by the nose</col>, <cd>to lead at pleasure, or to cause to follow submissively; to lead blindly, as a person leads a beast. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To put one's nose out of joint</col>, <cd>to humiliate one's pride, esp. by supplanting one in the affections of another.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> -- <col>To thrust one's nose into</col>, <cd>to meddle officiously in.</cd> -- <col>To wipe one's nose of</col>, <cd>to deprive of; to rob. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs><-- on the nose, (a) exactly, accurately; (b) (racing) to win, opposed to "to place" or "to show" -->

<h1>Nose</h1>
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<hw>Nose</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nosed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nosing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To smell; to scent; hence, to track, or trace out.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To touch with the nose; to push the nose into or against; hence, to interfere with; to treat insolently.</def>

<blockquote>Lambs . . . <b>nosing</b> the mother's udder.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A sort of national convention, dubious in its nature . . . <b>nosed</b> Parliament in the very seat of its authority.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To utter in a nasal manner; to pronounce with a nasal twang; <as>as, to <ex>nose</ex> a prayer</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cowley.</i>

<-- nose around, to look around, search -->

<h1>Nose</h1>
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<hw>Nose</hw> <tt>(n&omac;z)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To smell; to sniff; to scent.</def>

<i>Audubon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pry officiously into what does not concern one.</def>

<h1>Nosebag</h1>
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<hw>Nose"bag`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bag in which feed for a horse, ox, or the like, may be fastened under the nose by a string passing over the head.</def>

<h1>Noseband</h1>
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<hw>Nose"band`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That part of the headstall of a bridle which passes over a horse's nose.</def>

<h1>Nosebleed</h1>
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<hw>Nose"bleed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bleeding at the nose.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The yarrow. See <er>Yarrow</er>.</def>

<h1>Nosed</h1>
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<hw>Nosed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a nose, or such a nose; -- chieflay used in composition; <as>as, pug-<ex>nosed</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Nosegay</h1>
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<hw>Nose"gay`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nose</ets> + <ets>gay</ets> in the sense of a gay or showy thing.]</ety> <def>A bunch of odorous and showy flowers; a bouquet; a posy.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Nosel</h1>
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<hw>Nos"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Noursle</er>.]</ety> <def>To nurse; to lead or teach; to foster; to nuzzle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If any man use the Scripture . . . to <b>nosel</b> thee in anything save in Christ, he is a false prophet.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Noseless</h1>
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<hw>Nose"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of a nose.</def>

<h1>Nosesmart</h1>
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<hw>Nose"smart`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of cress, a pungent cruciferous plant, including several species of the genus <spn>Nasturtium</spn>.</def>

<h1>Nosethirl, Nosethril</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nose"thirl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nose"thril</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Nostril.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>nosethurl</asp>, <asp>nosthrill</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nosing</h1>
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<hw>Nos"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>That part of the treadboard of a stair which projects over the riser; hence, any like projection, as the projecting edge of a molding.</def>

<h1>Nosle</h1>
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<hw>No"sle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Nozzle</er>, <er>Nose</er>.]</ety> <def>Nozzle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nosocomial</h1>
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<hw>Nos`o*co"mi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nosocomium</ets> a hospital, Gr. <?/; <?/ disease + <?/ to attend to.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a hospital; <as>as, <ex>nosocomial</ex> atmosphere</as>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Nosography</h1>
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<hw>No*sog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ disease + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>nosographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description or classification of diseases.</def>

<h1>Nosological</h1>
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<hw>Nos`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nosologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to nosology.</def>

<h1>Nosologist</h1>
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<hw>No*sol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nosologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in nosology.</def>

<h1>Nosology</h1>
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<hw>No*sol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ disease + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>nosologie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A systematic arrangement, or classification, of diseases.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That branch of medical science which treats of diseases, or of the classification of diseases.</def>

<h1>Nosopoetic</h1>
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<hw>Nos`o*po*et"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ disease + <?/ productive, fr. <?/ to make.]</ety> <def>Producing diseases.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Nost</h1>
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<hw>Nost</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Contr. from <ets>ne wost</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wottest not; knowest not.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nostalgia</h1>
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<hw>Nos*tal"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a return home + <?/ pain.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Homesickness; esp., a severe and sometimes fatal form of melancholia, due to homesickness.</def>

<h1>Nostalgic</h1>
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<hw>Nos*tal"gic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nostalgique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to nostalgia; affected with nostalgia.</def>

<h1>Nostalgy</h1>
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<hw>Nos*tal"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Nostalgia</er>.</def>

<h1>Nostoc</h1>
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<hw>Nos"toc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of alg\'91. The plants are composed of moniliform cells imbedded in a gelatinous substance.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Nostoc commune</i> is found on the ground, and is ordinarily not seen; but after a rain it swells up into a conspicuous jellylike mass, whish was formerly supposed to have fallen from the sky, whence the popular names, <i>fallen star</i> and <i>star jelly</i>. Also called <i>witches' butter</i>.</note>

<h1>Nostril</h1>
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<hw>Nos"tril</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nosethril</ets>, <ets>nosethirl</ets>, AS. <ets>nospyrl</ets>; <ets>nos</ets> for <ets>nosu</ets> nose + <ets>pyrel</ets> opening, hole, from <ets>pyrel</ets> pierced, for <ets>pyrhel</ets>, fr. <ets>purh</ets> through. <?/ See <er>Nose</er>, and <er>Through</er>, and cf. <er>Thrill</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the external openings of the nose, which give passage to the air breathed and to secretions from the nose and eyes; one of the anterior nares.</def>

<note>&hand; In sperm whales, porpoises, and allied animals, there is only one nostril, which is situated on the top of the head and called a <i>spiracle</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Perception; insight; acuteness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Methinks a man
Of your sagacity and clear <b>nostril</b> should
Have made another choice.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nostrum</h1>
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<hw>Nos"trum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nostrums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Neut. sing. of L. <ets>noster</ets> ours, fr. <ets>nos</ets> we. See <er>Us</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A medicine, the ingredients of which are kept secret for the purpose of restricting the profits of sale to the inventor or proprietor; a quack medicine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any scheme or device proposed by a quack.</def>

<blockquote>The incentives of agitators, the arts of impostors and the <b>nostrums</b> of quacks.
<i>Brougham.</i></blockquote>

<-- 3. any scheme asserted to solve a problem, but with no objective basis for belief in its effectiveness; esp., in politics, a scheme likely to prove popular with voters. -->

<h1>Not</h1>
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<hw>Not</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Contr. from <ets>ne wot</ets>. See 2d <er>Note</er>.]</ety> <def>Wot not; know not; knows not.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Not</h1>
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<hw>Not</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shorn; shaven. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Nott</er>.</def>

<h1>Not</h1>
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<hw>Not</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>not</ets>, <ets>noht</ets>, <ets>nought</ets>, <ets>naught</ets>, the same word as E. <ets>naught</ets>. See <er>Naught</er>.]</ety> <def>A word used to express negation, prohibition, denial, or refusal.</def>

<blockquote><b>Not</b> one word spake he more than was need.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou shalt <b>not</b> steal.
<i>Ex. xx. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thine eyes are upon me, and I am <b>not</b>.
<i>Job vii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The question is, may I do it, or may I <b>not</b> do it?
<i>Bp. Sanderson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Not . . . but</col>, &or; <col>Not but</col></mcol>, <cd>only. <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Notabilia</h1>
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<hw>No`ta*bil"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Neut. pl. of L. <ets>notabilis</ets> notable.]</ety> <def>Things worthy of notice.</def>

<h1>Notability</h1>
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<hw>Not`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Notabilities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>notabilit\'82</ets> .]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Quality of being notable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A notable, or remarkable, person or thing; a person of note.</def> "Parisian <i>notabilities</i>"

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A notable saying.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Notable</h1>
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<hw>Not"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>notable</ets>, L. <ets>notabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>notare</ets> to mark, <ets>nota</ets> mark, note. See 5th <er>Note</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being noted; noticeable; plan; evident.</def>

<hr>
<page="983">
Page 983<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Worthy of notice; remarkable; memorable; noted or distinguished; <as>as, a <ex>notable</ex> event, person</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Notable</i> in the sense of <i>careful</i>, <i>thrifty</i>, <i>characterized by thrift and capacity</i> (as, a <i>notable</i> housekeeper) is pronounced by many good ortho\'89pists, <tt>n&ocr;t"&adot;*b'l</tt>, the derivatives <i>notableness</i>, and <i>notably</i>, being also similarly pronounced with short <i>o</i> in the first syllable.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Well-known; notorious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Notable</h1>
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<hw>Not"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person, or thing, of distinction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(French Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a number of persons, before the revolution of 1789, chiefly of the higher orders, appointed by the king to constitute a representative body.</def>

<h1>Notableness</h1>
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<hw>Not"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being notable.</def>

<h1>Notably</h1>
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<hw>Not"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a notable manner.</def>

<h1>Not\'91um</h1>
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<hw>No*t\'91"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ pertaining to the notum or back.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The back or upper surface, as of a bird.</def>

<h1>Notal</h1>
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<hw>No"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the back.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the back; dorsal.</def>

<h1>Notandum</h1>
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<hw>No*tan"dum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Notanda</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>notare</ets> to observe.]</ety> <def>A thing to be noted or observed; a notable fact; -- chiefly used in the plural.</def>

<h1>Notarial</h1>
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<hw>No*ta"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>notarial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a notary; done or taken by a notary; <as>as, a <ex>notarial</ex> seal; <ex>notarial</ex> evidence or attestation.</as></def>

<h1>Notarially</h1>
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<hw>No*ta"ri*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a notarial manner.</def>

<h1>Notary</h1>
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<hw>No"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Notaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>notaire</ets>, L. <ets>notarius</ets> notary (in sense 1), fr. <ets>nota</ets> mark. See 5th <er>Note</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who records in shorthand what is said or done; <as>as, the <ex>notary</ex> of an ecclesiastical body</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. & Am. Law)</fld> <def>A public officer who attests or certifies deeds and other writings, or copies of them, usually under his official seal, to make them authentic, especially in foreign countries. His duties chiefly relate to instruments used in commercial transactions, such as protests of negotiable paper, ship's papers in cases of loss, damage, etc. He is generally called a <altname>notary public</altname>.</def>

<h1>Notate</h1>
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<hw>No"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>notatus</ets> marked, p. p. of <ets>notare</ets> to mark.  See 5th <er>Note</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Marked with spots or lines, which are often colored.</def>

<i>Henslow.</i>

<h1>Notation</h1>
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<hw>No*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>notatio</ets> a marking, observing, etymology, fr. <ets>notare</ets> to mark, <ets>nota</ets> a mark: cf. F. <ets>notation</ets>. See 5th <er>Note</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of recording anything by marks, figures, or characters.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any particular system of characters, symbols, or abbreviated expressions used in art or science, to express briefly technical facts, quantities, etc. Esp., the system of figures, letters, and signs used in arithmetic and algebra to express number, quantity, or operations.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Literal or etymological signification.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>"Conscience" is a Latin word, and, according to the very <b>notation</b> of it, imports a double or joint knowledge.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Notch</h1>
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<hw>Notch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to <ets>nock</ets>; cf. OD. <ets>nock</ets>, OSw. <ets>nocka</ets>. Cf. <er>Nick</er> a notch.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A hollow cut in anything; a nick; an indentation.</def>

<blockquote>And on the stick ten equal <b>notches</b> makes.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A narrow passage between two elevation; a deep, close pass; a defile; <as>as, the <ex>notch</ex> of a mountain</as>.</def>

<h1>Notch</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Notch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Notched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Notching</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut or make notches in ; to indent; also, to score by notches; <as>as, to <ex>notch</ex> a stick</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fit the notch of (an arrow) to the string.</def>

<blockquote>God is all sufferance; here he doth show
No arrow <b>notched</b>, only a stringless bow.
<i>Herrick.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Notchboard</h1>
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<hw>Notch"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>The board which receives the ends of the steps in a staircase.</def>

<h1>Notching</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Notch"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of making notches; the act of cutting into small hollows.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The small hollow, or hollows, cut; a notch or notches.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A method of joining timbers, scantling, etc., by notching them, as at the ends, and overlapping or interlocking the notched portions.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>A method of excavating, as in a bank, by a series of cuttings side by side. See also <er>Gulleting</er>.</def>

<h1>Notchweed</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Notch"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A foul-smelling weed, the stinking goosefoot (<spn>Chenopodium Vulvaria</spn>).</def>

<h1>Note</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Note</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hn\'c6tan</ets> to strike against, imp. <ets>hn\'bet</ets>.]</ety> <def>To butt; to push with the horns.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Note</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Note</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[AS. <ets>n\'bet</ets>; <ets>ne</ets> not + <ets>w\'bet</ets> wot. See <er>Not</er>, and <er>Wot</er>.]</ety> <def>Know not; knows not.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Note</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Note</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Nut.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Note</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Note</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>notu</ets> use, profit.]</ety> <def>Need; needful business.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Note</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Note</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>note</ets>, L. <ets>nota</ets>; akin to <ets>noscere</ets>, <ets>notum</ets>, to know. See <er>Know</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mark or token by which a thing may be known; a visible sign; a character; a distinctive mark or feature; a characteristic quality.</def>

<blockquote>Whosoever appertain to the visible body of the church, they have also the <b>notes</b> of external profession.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She [the Anglican church] has the <b>note</b> of possession, the <b>note</b> of freedom from party titles,the <b>note</b> of life -- a tough life and a vigorous.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What a <b>note</b> of youth, of imagination, of impulsive eagerness, there was through it all  !
<i>Mrs. Humphry Ward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mark, or sign, made to call attention, to point out something to notice, or the like; a sign, or token, proving or giving evidence.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A brief remark; a marginal comment or explanation; hence, an annotation on a text or author; a comment; a critical, explanatory, or illustrative observation.</def>

<blockquote>The best writers have been perplexed with <b>notes</b>, and obscured with illustrations.
<i>Felton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A brief writing intended to assist the memory; a memorandum; a minute.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Hence, a writing intended to be used in speaking; memoranda to assist a speaker, being either a synopsis, or the full text of what is to be said; <as>as, to preach from <ex>notes</ex></as>; also, a reporter's memoranda; the original report of a speech or of proceedings.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A short informal letter; a billet.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A diplomatic missive or written communication.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A written or printed paper acknowledging a debt, and promising payment; <as>as, a promissory <ex>note</ex>; a <ex>note</ex> of hand; a negotiable <ex>note</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A list of items or of charges; an account.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Here is now the smith's <b>note</b> for shoeing.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A character, variously formed, to indicate the length of a tone, and variously placed upon the staff to indicate its pitch. Hence:</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A musical sound; a tone; an utterance; a tune.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A key of the piano or organ.</def>

<blockquote>The wakeful bird . . . tunes her nocturnal <b>note</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That <b>note</b> of revolt against the eighteenth century, which we detect in Goethe, was struck by Winckelmann.
<i>W. Pater.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Observation; notice; heed.</def>

<blockquote>Give orders to my servants that they take
No <b>note</b> at all of our being absent hence.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>Notification; information; intelligence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The king . . . shall have <b>note</b> of this.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>State of being under observation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Small matters . . . continually in use and in <b>note</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>14.</b> <def>Reputation; distinction; <as>as, a poet of <ex>note</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>There was scarce a family of <b>note</b> which had not poured out its blood on the field or the scaffold.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>15.</b> <def>Stigma; brand; reproach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Note of hand</col>, <cd>a promissory note.</cd></cs>

<h1>Note</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Note</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Noted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Noting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>noter</ets>, L. <ets>notare</ets>, fr. <ets>nota</ets>. See <er>Note</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To notice with care; to observe; to remark; to heed; to attend to.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>No more of that; I have <b>noted</b> it well.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To record in writing; to make a memorandum of.</def>

<blockquote>Every unguarded word . . . was <b>noted</b> down.
<i>Maccaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To charge, as with crime (with <i>of</i> or <i>for</i> before the thing charged); to brand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They were both <b>noted</b> of incontinency.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To denote; to designate.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To annotate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>W. H. Dixon.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To set down in musical characters.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To note a bill</col> &or; <col>draft</col></mcol>, <cd>to record on the back of it a refusal of acceptance, as the ground of a protest, which is done officially by a notary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Notebook</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Note"book`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A book in which notes or memorandums are written.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A book in which notes of hand are registered.</def>

<h1>Noted</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Not"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Well known by reputation or report; eminent; celebrated; <as>as, a <ex>noted</ex> author, or traveler</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Not"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Not"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Noteful</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Note"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Useful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Noteless</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Note"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not attracting notice; not conspicuous.</def>

<blockquote><b>Noteless</b> as the race from which he sprung.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Notelessness</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Note"less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of being noteless.</def>

<h1>Notelet</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Note"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little or short note; a billet.</def>

<h1>Note paper</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Note" pa`per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Writing paper, not exceeding in size, when folded once, five by eight inches.</def>

<h1>Noter</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Not"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who takes notice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An annotator.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Noteworthy</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Note"wor`thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worthy of observation or notice; remarkable.</def>

<h1>Nother</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Noth"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <def>Neither; nor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nothing</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Noth"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>no</ets>, a. + <ets>thing</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not anything; no thing (in the widest sense of the word <i>thing</i>); -- opposed to <ant>anything</ant> and <ant>something</ant>.</def>

<blockquote>Yet had his aspect <b>nothing</b> of severe.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Nonexistence; nonentity; absence of being; nihility; nothingness.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A thing of no account, value, or note; something irrelevant and impertinent; something of comparative unimportance; utter insignificance; a trifle.</def>

<blockquote>Behold, ye are of <b>nothing</b>, and your work of nought.
<i>Is. xli. 24.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>'T is <b>nothing</b>, says the fool; but, says the friend,
This <b>nothing</b>, sir, will bring you to your end.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>A cipher; naught.</def>

<cs><col>Nothing but</col>, <cd>only; no more than. <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>To make nothing of</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To make no difficulty of; to consider as trifling or important</cd>. "We are industrious to preserve our bodies from slavery, but we <i>make nothing of<i> suffering our souls to be slaves to our lusts." <i>Ray</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Not to understand; <as>as, I could <ex>make nothing of<ex> what he said</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nothing</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Noth"ing</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In no degree; not at all; in no wise.</def>

<blockquote>Adam, with such counsel <b>nothing</b> swayed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The influence of reason in producing our passions is <b>nothing</b> near so extensive as is commonly believed.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Nothing off</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an order to the steersman to keep the vessel close to the wind.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nothingarian</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Noth`ing*a"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of no certain belief; one belonging to no particular sect.</def>

<h1>Nothingism</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Noth"ing*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Nihility; nothingness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Nothingness</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>Noth"ing*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Nihility; nonexistence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being of no value; a thing of no value.</def>

<h1>Notice</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No"tice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>notitia</ets> a being known, knowledge, fr. <ets>noscere</ets>, <ets>notum</ets>, to know. See <er>Know</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of noting, remarking, or observing; observation by the senses or intellect; cognizance; note.</def>

<blockquote>How ready is envy to mingle with the <b>notices</b> we take of other persons !
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Intelligence, by whatever means communicated; knowledge given or received; means of knowledge; express notification; announcement; warning.</def>

<blockquote>I . . . have given him <b>notice</b> that the Duke of Cornwall and Regan his duchess will be here.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An announcement, often accompanied by comments or remarks; <as>as, book <ex>notices</ex>; theatrical <ex>notices</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A writing communicating information or warning.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Attention; respectful treatment; civility.</def>

<cs><col>To take notice of</col>, <cd>to perceive especially; to observe or treat with particular attention.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Attention; regard; remark; note; heed; consideration; respect; civility; intelligence; advice; news.</syn>

<h1>Notice</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No"tice</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Noticed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Noticing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To observe; to see to mark; to take note of; to heed; to pay attention to.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To show that one has observed; to take public note of; remark upon; to make comments on; to refer to; <as>as, to <ex>notice</ex> a book</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This plant deserves to be <b>noticed</b> in this place.
<i>Tooke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Another circumstance was <b>noticed</b> in connection with the suggestion last discussed.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To treat with attention and civility; <as>as, to <ex>notice</ex> strangers</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To remark; observe; perceive; see; mark; note; mind; regard; heed; mention. See <er>Remark</er>.</syn>

<h1>Noticeable</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No"tice*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being observed; worthy of notice; likely to attract observation; conspicous.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>noticeable</b> man, with large gray eyes.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Noticeably</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No"tice*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a noticeable manner.</def>

<h1>Noticer</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No"ti*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who notices.</def>

<h1>Notidanian</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No`ti*da"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ back + <?/ comely.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of sharks of the family <spn>Notidanid\'91</spn>, or <spn>Hexanchid\'91</spn>. Called also <altname>cow sharks</altname>. See <er>Shark</er>.</def>

<h1>Notification</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>notification</ets>. See <er>Notify</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of notifying, or giving notice; the act of making known; especially, the act of giving official notice or information to the public or to individuals, corporations, companies, or societies, by words, by writing, or by other means.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Notice given in words or writing, or by signs.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The writing which communicates information; an advertisement, or citation, etc.</def>

<h1>Notify</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No"ti*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Notified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Notifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>notifier</ets>, L. <ets>notificare</ets>; <ets>notus</ets> known (p. p. of <ets>noscere</ets> to known) + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>Know</er>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make known; to declare; to publish; <as>as, to <ex>notify</ex> a fact to a person</as>.</def>

<blockquote>No law can bind till it be <b>notified</b> or promulged.
<i>Sowth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give notice to; to inform by notice; to apprise; <as>as, the constable has <ex>notified</ex> the citizens to meet at the city hall; the bell <ex>notifies</ex> us of the time of meeting.</as></def>

<blockquote>The President of the United States has <b>notified</b> the House of Representatives that he has approved and signed the act.
<i>Journal of the Senate, U. S.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This application of <i>notify</i> has been condemned; but it is in constant good use in the United States, and in perfect accordance with the use of <i>certify</i>.</note>

<h1>Notion</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[L. <ets>notio</ets>, fr. <ets>noscere</ets> to know: cf. F. <ets>notion</ets>. See <er>Know</er>.]</ety>   <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mental apprehension of whatever may be known or imagined; an idea; a conception; more properly, a general or universal conception, as distinguishable or definable by marks or <i>not\'91</i>.</def>

<blockquote>What hath been generally agreed on, I content myself to assume under the <b>notion</b> of principles.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Few agree in their <b>notions</b> about these words.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That <b>notion</b> of hunger, cold, sound, color, thought, wish, or fear which is in the mind, is called the "idea" of hunger, cold, etc.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Notion</b>, again, signifies either the act of apprehending, signalizing, that is, the remarking or taking note of, the various notes, marks, or characters of an object which its qualities afford, or the result of that act.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sentiment; an opinion.</def>

<blockquote>The extravagant <b>notion</b> they entertain of themselves.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A perverse will easily collects together a system of <b>notions</b> to justify itself in its obliquity.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sense; mind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An invention; an ingenious device; a knickknack; <as>as, Yankee <ex>notions</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Inclination; intention; disposition; <as>as, I have a <ex>notion</ex> to do it</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Notional</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of, or conveying, notions or ideas; expressing abstract conceptions.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Existing in idea only; visionary; whimsical.</def>

<blockquote>Discourses of speculative and <b>notional</b> things.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Given to foolish or visionary expectations; whimsical; fanciful; <as>as, a <ex>notional</ex> man</as>.</def>

<h1>Notionality</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No`tion*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A notional or groundless opinion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Notionally</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No"tion*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In mental apprehension; in conception; not in reality.</def>

<blockquote>Two faculties . . . <b>notionally</b> or really distinct.
<i>Norris.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Notionate</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No"tion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Notional.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Notionist</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose opinions are ungrounded notions.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hopkins.</i>

<h1>Notist</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No"tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An annotator.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Notobranchiata</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No`to*bran`chi*a*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Notum</er>, and <er>Branchia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A division of nudibranchiate mollusks having gills upon the back.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The Dorsibranchiata.</def>

<h1>Notobranchiate</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No`to*bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Notobranchiata.</def>

<h1>Notochord</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No"to*chord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the back + E. <ets>chord</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An elastic cartilagelike rod which is developed beneath the medullary groove in the vertebrate embryo, and constitutes the primitive axial skeleton around which the centra of the vertebr\'91 and the posterior part of the base of the skull are developed; the <i>chorda dorsalis</i>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Ectoderm</er>.</def>

<h1>Notochordal</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No`to*chor"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the notochord; having a notochord.</def>

<h1>Notodontian</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No`to*don"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the back + <?/, <?/ a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of bombycid moths belonging to <i>Notodonta</i>, <i>Nerice</i>, and allied genera. The caterpillar of these moths has a hump, or spine, on its back.</def>

<h1>Notopodium</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No`to*po"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Notopodia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <plw>E</plw>. <plw>Notopodiums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the back + <?/, <?/, the foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dorsal lobe or branch of a parapodium. See <er>Parapodium</er>.</def>

<h1>Notorhizal</h1>
<Xpage=983>

<hw>No`to*rhi"zal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the back + <?/ a root.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the radicle of the embryo lying against the back of one of the cotyledons; incumbent.</def>

<hr>
<page="984">
Page 984<p>

<h1>Notoriety</h1>
<Xpage=984>

<hw>No`to*ri"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>notori\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Notorious</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or condition of being notorious; the state of being generally or publicly known; -- commonly used in an unfavorable sense; <as>as, the <ex>notoriety</ex> of a crime</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They were not subjects in their own nature so exposed to public <b>notoriety</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Notorious</h1>
<Xpage=984>

<hw>No*to"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>notorius</ets> pointing out, making known, fr. <ets>noscere</ets>, <ets>notum</ets>, to known: cf. F. <ets>notoire</ets>. See <er>Know</er>.]</ety> <def>Generally known and talked of by the public; universally believed to be true; manifest to the world; evident; -- usually in an unfavorable sense; <as>as, a <ex>notorious</ex> thief; a <ex>notorious</ex> crime or vice.</as></def>

<blockquote>Your goodness,
Since you provoke me, shall be most <b>notorious</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Distinguished; remarkable; conspicuous; celebrated; noted; famous; renowned.</syn><-- infamous is an extreme sense -->

-- <wordforms><wf>No*to"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>No*to"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Notornis</h1>
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<hw>No*tor"nis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the south, or southwest + <?/ bird.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of birds allied to the gallinules, but having rudimentary wings and incapable of flight. <spn>Notornis Mantelli</spn> was first known as a fossil bird of New Zealand, but subsequently a few individuals were found living on the southern island. It is supposed to be now nearly or quite extinct.</def>

<h1>Nototherium</h1>
<Xpage=984>

<hw>No`to*the"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the south + <?/ a wild animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of gigantic herbivorous marsupials, found in the Pliocene formation of Australia.</def>

<h1>Nototrema</h1>
<Xpage=984>

<hw>No`to*tre"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ back + <?/ a hole.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pouched, or marsupial, frog of South America.</def>

<h1>Not-pated, Nott-pated</h1>
<Xpage=984>

<hw><hw>Not"-pat`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nott"-pat`ed</hw><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Nott-headed</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Notself</h1>
<Xpage=984>

<hw>Not"self`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The negative of <i>self</i>.</def> "A cognizance of <i>notself</i>."

<i>Sir. W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Nott</h1>
<Xpage=984>

<hw>Nott</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hnot</ets> shorn.]</ety> <def>Shorn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nott</h1>
<Xpage=984>

<hw>Nott</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Stow.</i>

<h1>Nott-headed</h1>
<Xpage=984>

<hw>Nott"-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the hair cut close.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Notturno</h1>
<Xpage=984>

<hw>Not*tur"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Nocturne</er>.</def>

<h1>Notum</h1>
<Xpage=984>

<hw>No"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nota</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The back.</def>

<h1>Notus</h1>
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<hw>No"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>The south wind.</def>

<h1>Notwheat</h1>
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<hw>Not"wheat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nott</ets> + <ets>wheat</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wheat not bearded.</def>

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Notwithstanding</h1>
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<hw>Not`with*stand"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Without prevention, or obstruction from or by; in spite of.</def>

<blockquote>We gentil women bee
Loth to displease any wight,
<b>Notwithstanding</b> our great right.
<i>Chaucer's Dream.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those on whom Christ bestowed miraculous cures were so transported that their gratitude made them, <b>notwithstanding</b> his prohibition, proclaim the wonders he had done.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Notwithstanding</i> was, by Johnson and Webster, viewed as a participle absolute, an English equivalent of the Latin <i>non obstante</i>. Its several meanings, either as preposition, adverb, or conjunction, are capable of being explained in this view. Later grammarians, while admitting that the word was originally a participle, and can be treated as such, prefer to class it as a preposition or disjunctive conjunction.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- In spite of; despite.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Notwithstanding</er>, <er>In spite of</er>, <er>Despite</er>. These words and phrases are often interchanged, but there is a difference between them, chiefly in strength. <i>Notwithstanding</i> is the weaker term, and simply points to some obstacle that may exist; as, I shall go, <i>notwithstanding</i> the rain. <i>In spite</i> or <i>despite of</i> has reference primarily to active opposition to be encountered from others; as, "I'll be, in man's <i>despite</i>, a monarch; " "I'll keep mine own, <i>despite of</i> all the world." <i>Shak</i>. Hence, these words, when applied to <i>things</i>, suppose greater opposition than <i>notwithstanding</i>. We should say. "He was thrust rudely out of doors <i>in spite of</i> his entreaties," rather than "<i>notwithstanding</i>". On the other hand, it would be more civil to say, "<i>Notwithstanding</i> all you have said, I must still differ with you."</usage><-- only notwithstanding can be used postpositively -->

<h1>Notwithstanding</h1>
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<hw>Not`with*stand"ing</hw>, <tt>adv. &or; conj.</tt> <ety>[Originally the participle of <ets>withstand</ets>, with <ets>not</ets> prefixed.]</ety> <def>Nevertheless; however; although; <as>as, I shall go, <ex>notwithstanding</ex> it rains</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I will surely rend the kingdom from thee, and will give it to thy servant. <b>Notwithstanding</b>, in thy days I will not do it.
<i>1 Kings xi. 11, 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They which honor the law as an image of the wisdom of God himself, are, <b>notwithstanding</b>, to know that the same had an end in Christ.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You did wisely and honestly too, <b>notwithstanding</b>
She is the greatest beauty in the parish.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Notwithstanding that</col>, <cd>notwithstanding; although.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>These days were ages to him, <b>notwithstanding that</b> he was basking in the smiles of the pretty Mary.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nouch</h1>
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<hw>Nouch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ouch</er>.]</ety> <def>An ouch; a jewel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nougat</h1>
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<hw>Nou`gat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A cake, sweetmeat, or confecti\'a2n made with almonds or other nuts.</def>

<h1>Nought</h1>
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<hw>Nought</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & adv.</tt> <def>See <er>Naught</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nould</h1>
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<hw>Nould</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>ne would</ets>.]</ety> <def>Would not.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "By those who <i>nould</i> repent."

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Noule</h1>
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<hw>Noule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Noll</er>.]</ety> <def>The top of the head; the head or noll.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Noumenal</h1>
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<hw>Nou"me*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the noumenon; real; -- opposed to <i>phenomenal</i>.</def>

<i>G. H. Lewes.</i>

<h1>Noumenon</h1>
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<hw>Nou"me*non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. fr. Gr. <?/ the thing perceived, p. pr. pass. of <?/ to perceive, <?/ the mind.]</ety> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The of itself unknown and unknowable rational object, or <i>thing in itself</i>, which is distinguished from the <ant>phenomenon</ant> through which it is apprehended by the senses, and by which it is interpreted and understood; -- so used in the philosophy of Kant and his followers.</def>

<h1>Noun</h1>
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<hw>Noun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>noun</ets>, <ets>nun</ets>, <ets>num</ets>, <ets>non</ets>, <ets>nom</ets>, F. <ets>nom</ets>, fr. L. <ets>nomen</ets> name. See <er>Name</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word used as the designation or appellation of a creature or thing, existing in fact or in thought; a substantive.</def>

<note>&hand; By some grammarians the term <i>noun</i> is so used as to include adjectives, as being descriptive; but in general it is limited to substantives.</note>

<h1>Nounal</h1>
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<hw>Noun"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a noun.</def>

<blockquote>Verbs which in whole or in part have shed their old <b>nounal</b> coat.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nounize</h1>
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<hw>Noun"ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To change (an adjective, verb, etc.) into a noun.</def>

<i>Earle.</i><-- = nominalize -->

<h1>Nourice</h1>
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<hw>Nour"ice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nurse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Nourish</h1>
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<hw>Nour"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nourished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nourishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>norisen</ets>, <ets>norischen</ets>, OF. <ets>nurir</ets>, <ets>nurrir</ets>, <ets>norir</ets>, F. <ets>norrir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>nutrire</ets>. Cf. <er>Nurse</er>, <er>Nutriment</er>, and see <er>-ish</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To feed and cause to grow; to supply with matter which increases bulk or supplies waste, and promotes health; to furnish with nutriment.</def>

<blockquote>He planteth an ash, and the rain doth <b>nourish</b> it.
<i>Is. xliv. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To support; to maintain.</def>

<blockquote>Whiles I in Ireland <b>nourish</b> a mighty band.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To supply the means of support and increase to; to encourage; to foster; <as>as, to <ex>nourish</ex> rebellion; to <ex>nourish</ex> the virtues.</as></def> "<i>Nourish</i> their contentions."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cherish; to comfort.</def>

<blockquote>Ye have <b>nourished</b> your hearts.
<i>James v. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To educate; to instruct; to bring up; to nurture; to promote the growth of in attainments.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote><b>Nourished</b> up in the words of faith.
<i>1 Tim. iv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To cherish; feed; supply. See <er>Nurture</er>.</syn>

<h1>Nourish</h1>
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<hw>Nour"ish</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To promote growth; to furnish nutriment.</def>

<blockquote>Grains and roots <b>nourish</b> more than their leaves.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To gain nourishment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Nourish</h1>
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<hw>Nour"ish</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nurse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hoolland.</i>

<h1>Nourishable</h1>
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<hw>Nour"ish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nourrissable</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being nourished; <as>as, the <ex>nourishable</ex> parts of the body</as>.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of giving nourishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Nourisher</h1>
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<hw>Nour"ish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, nourishes.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Nourishing</h1>
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<hw>Nour"ish*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Promoting growth; nutritious,</def>

<h1>Nourishingly</h1>
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<hw>Nour"ish*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Nutritively; cherishingly.</def>

<h1>Nourishment</h1>
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<hw>Nour"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>norrissement</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of nourishing, or the state of being nourished; nutrition.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which serves to nourish; nutriment; food.</def>

<blockquote>Learn to seek the <b>nourishment</b> of their souls.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nouriture</h1>
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<hw>Nour"i*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Nurture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Noursle</h1>
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<hw>Nour"sle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Freq., fr. OE. <ets>nourse</ets>. See <er>Nurse</er>.]</ety> <def>To nurse; to rear; to bring up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>nosel</asp>, <asp>nousel</asp>, <asp>nousle</asp>, <asp>nowsle</asp>, <asp>nusle</asp>, <asp>nuzzle</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<blockquote>She <b>noursled</b> him till years he raught.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nous</h1>
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<hw>Nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ mind.]</ety> <def>Intellect; understanding; talent; -- used humorously.</def>

<h1>Nousel, Nousle</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nous"el</hw>, <hw>Nou"sle</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Noose</er>.]</ety> <def>To insnare; to entrap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Nouthe, Nowthe</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nou"the</hw>, <hw>Now"the</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>adv.</tt>   <ety>[<ets>Now</ets> + <ets>the</ets>.]</ety> <def>Just now; at present.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>But thereof needeth not to speak as <b>nouthe</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Novaculite</h1>
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<hw>No*vac"u*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>novacula</ets> a sharp knife, razor: cf. F. <ets>novaculite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of siliceous slate, of which hones are made; razor stone; Turkey stone; hone stone; whet slate.</def>

<h1>Novatian</h1>
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<hw>No*va"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the sect of <i>Novatius</i>, or <i>Novatianus</i>, who held that the lapsed might not be received again into communion with the church, and that second marriages are unlawful.</def>

<h1>Novatianism</h1>
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<hw>No*va"tian*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrines or principles of the Novatians.</def>

<i>Milner.</i>

<h1>Novation</h1>
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<hw>No*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>novatio</ets>; <ets>novus</ets> new: cf. F. <ets>novation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Innovation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I shall easily grant that <b>novations</b> in religion are a main cause of distempers in commonwealths.
<i>Laud.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A substitution of a new debt for an old one; also, the remodeling of an old obligation.</def>

<h1>Novator</h1>
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<hw>No*va"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An innovator.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Novel</h1>
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<hw>Nov"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>novel</ets>, <ets>nuvel</ets>, F. <ets>nouvel</ets>, <ets>nouveau</ets>, L. <ets>novellus</ets>, dim. of <ets>novus</ets> new. See <er>New</er>.]</ety> <def>Of recent origin or introduction; not ancient; new; hence, out of the ordinary course; unusual; strange; surprising.</def>

<note>&hand; In civil law, the <i>novel</i> or new constitutions are those which are supplemental to the code, and posterior in time to the other books. These contained new decrees of successive emperors.</note>

<cs><col>Novel assignment</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a new assignment or specification of a suit.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- New; recent; modern; fresh; strange; uncommon; rare; unusual.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Novel</er>, <er>New</er> . Everything at its first occurrence is <i>new</i>; that is <i>novel</i> which is so much out of the ordinary course as to strike us with surprise. That is a <i>new</i> sight which is beheld for the first time; that is a <i>novel</i> sight which either was never seen before or is seen but seldom. We have daily <i>new</i> inventions, but a <i>novel</i> one supposes some very peculiar means of attaining its end. <i>Novel</i> theories are regarded with distrust, as likely to prove more ingenious than sound.</usage>

<h1>Novel</h1>
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<hw>Nov"el</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>nouvelle</ets>. See <er>Novel</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is new or unusual; a novelty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>News; fresh tidings.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some came of curiosity to hear some <b>novels</b>.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A fictitious tale or narrative, professing to be conformed to real life; esp., one intended to exhibit the operation of the passions, and particularly of love.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[L. <ets>novellae</ets> (sc. <ets>constitutiones</ets>): cf. F. <ets>novelles</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A new or supplemental constitution. See the Note under <er>Novel</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Novelette</h1>
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<hw>Nov`el*ette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>novel</ets>, n. See <er>Novel</er>.]</ety> <def>A short novel.</def>

<h1>Novelism</h1>
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<hw>Nov"el*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Innovation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Novelist</h1>
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<hw>Nov"el*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An innovator; an asserter of novelty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nouvelliste</ets>, It. <ets>novellista</ets>.]</ety> <def>A writer of news.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tatler (178).</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nouvelliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A writer of a novel or novels.</def>

<h1>Novelize</h1>
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<hw>Nov"el*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To innovate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Novelize</h1>
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<hw>Nov"el*ize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Novelized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Novelizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To innovate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put into the form of novels; to represent by fiction.</def> "To <i>novelize</i> history."

<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i>

<h1>Novelry</h1>
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<hw>Nov"el*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>novelerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Novelty; new things.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Novelty</h1>
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<hw>Nov"el*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Novelties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OF. <ets>novelt\'82</ets>, F. <ets>nouveaut\'82</ets>, L. <ets>novellitas</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being novel; newness; freshness; recentness of origin or introduction.</def>

<blockquote><b>Novelty</b> is the great parent of pleasure.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something novel; a new or strange thing.</def>

<h1>November</h1>
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<hw>No*vem"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>November</ets>, or <ets>Novembris</ets> (sc. <ets>mensis</ets>), the ninth month of the old Roman year, which began with March, fr. <ets>novem</ets> nine: cf. F. <ets>Novembre</ets>. See <er>Nine</er>.]</ety> <def>The eleventh month of the year, containing thirty days.</def>

<h1>Novenary</h1>
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<hw>Nov"e*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>novenarius</ets>, from <ets>novem</ets> nine.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the number nine.</def>

<h1>Novenary</h1>
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<hw>Nov"e*na*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The number of nine units; nine, collectively.</def>

<h1>Novene</h1>
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<hw>No"vene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>novenus</ets> nine each, in LL., ninth, fr. L. <ets>novem</ets> nine.]</ety> <def>Relating to, or dependent on, the number nine; novenary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The triple and <b>novene</b> division ran throughout.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Novennial</h1>
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<hw>No*ven"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>novennis</ets> of nine years; <ets>novem</ets> nine + <ets>annus</ets> year.]</ety> <def>Done or recurring every ninth year.</def>

<h1>Novercal</h1>
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<hw>No*ver"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>novennis</ets> of nine years; <ets>novem</ets> nine + <ets>annus</ets> year.]</ety> <def>Done or recurring every ninth year.</def>

<h1>Novercal</h1>
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<hw>No*ver"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>novercalis</ets>, from <ets>noverca</ets> a stepmother.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a stepmother; suitable to, or in the manner of, a stepmother.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Novice</h1>
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<hw>Nov"ice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from L. <ets>novicius</ets>, <ets>novitius</ets>, new, from <ets>novus</ets> new. See <er>New</er>, and cf. <er>Novitious</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is new in any business, profession, or calling; one unacquainted or unskilled; one yet in the rudiments; a beginner; a tyro.</def>

<blockquote>I am young; a <b>novice</b> in the trade.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One newly received into the church, or one newly converted to the Christian faith.</def>

<i>1 Tim. iii. 6.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One who enters a religious house, whether of monks or nuns, as a probationist.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<blockquote>No poore cloisterer, nor no <b>novys</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Novice</h1>
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<hw>Nov"ice</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a novice; becoming a novice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Noviceship</h1>
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<hw>Nov"ice*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a novice; novitiate.</def>

<h1>Novilunar</h1>
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<hw>No`vi*lu"nar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>novus</ets> new + <ets>luna</ets> the moon.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the new moon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Novitiate</h1>
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<hw>No*vi"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>novitiatus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>noviciat</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being a novice; time of initiation or instruction in rudiments.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Time of probation in a religious house before taking the vows.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who is going through a novitiate, or period of probation; a novice.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The place where novices live or are trained.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Novitious</h1>
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<hw>No*vi"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>novitius</ets>, <ets>novicius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Newly invented; recent; new.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Novity</h1>
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<hw>Nov"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>novitas</ets>, fr. <ets>novus</ets> new.]</ety> <def>Newness; novelty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Novum</h1>
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<hw>No"vum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A game at dice, properly called <altname>novem quinque</altname> (L., nine five), the two principal throws being nine and five.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Now</h1>
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<hw>Now</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nou</ets>, <ets>nu</ets>, AS. <ets>n\'d4</ets>, <ets>nu</ets>; akin to D., OS., & OHG. <ets>nu</ets>, G. <ets>nu</ets>, <ets>nun</ets>, Icel., <ets>n\'d4</ets>, Dan., Sw., & Goth. <ets>nu</ets>, L. <ets>nunc</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, Skr. <ets>nu</ets>, <ets>n\'d4</ets>. \'fb193. Cf. <er>New</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>At the present time; at this moment; at the time of speaking; instantly; <as>as, I will write <ex>now</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>I have a patient <b>now</b> living, at an advanced age, who discharged blood from his lungs thirty years ago.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Very lately; not long ago.</def>

<blockquote>They that but <b>now</b>, for honor and for plate,
Made the sea blush with blood, resign their hate.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>At a time contemporaneous with something spoken of or contemplated; at a particular time referred to.</def>

<blockquote>The ship was <b>now</b> in the midst of the sea.
<i>Matt. xiv. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In present circumstances; things being as they are; -- hence, used as a connective particle, to introduce an inference or an explanation.</def>

<blockquote>How shall any man distinguish <b>now</b> betwixt a parasite and a man of honor ?
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Why should he live, <b>now</b> nature bankrupt is ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Then cried they all again, saying, Not this man, but Barabbas.  <b>Now</b>, Barabbas was a robber.
<i>John xviii. 40.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The other great and undoing mischief which befalls men is, by their being misrepresented. <b>Now</b>, by calling evil good, a man is misrepresented to others in the way of slander.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Now and again</col>, <cd>now and then; occasionally.</cd> -- <col>Now and now</col>, <cd>again and again; repeatedly. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>Now and then</col>, <cd>at one time and another; indefinitely; occasionally; not often; at intervals. "A mead here, there a heath, and <i>now and then<i> a wood." <i>Drayton</i>.</cd> -- <col>Now now</col>, <cd>at this very instant; precisely now. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Why, even <i>now now<i>, at holding up of this finger, and before the turning down of this." <i>J. Webster (1607)</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Now</col> . . . <col>now</col></mcol>, <cd>alternately; at one time . . . at another time. "<i>Now<i> high, <i>now<i> low, <i>now<i> master up, <i>now<i> miss." <i>Pope</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Now</h1>
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<hw>Now</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Existing at the present time; present.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Our <i>now</i> happiness."

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Now</h1>
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<hw>Now</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The present time or moment; the present.</def>

<blockquote>Nothing is there to come, and nothing past;
But an eternal <b>now</b> does ever last.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="985">
Page 985<p>

<h1>Nowadays</h1>
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<hw>Now"a*days`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>now on</ets> (OE. <ets>an</ets>) <ets>days</ets>. See <er>A-</er>, 1.]</ety> <def>In these days; at the present time.</def>

<blockquote>What men of spirit, <b>nowadays</b>,
Come to give sober judgment of new plays ?
<i>Garrick.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Noway, Noways</h1>
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<hw><hw>No"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>No"ways`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>No</ets>, a. + <ets>way.</ets> Cf. <er>-wards</er>.]</ety> <def>In no manner or degree; not at all; nowise.</def>

<blockquote>But Ireland will <b>noways</b> allow that name unto it.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nowch</h1>
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<hw>Nowch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Nouch</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nowd</h1>
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<hw>Nowd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European gray gurnard (<spn>Trigla gurnardus</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>knoud</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Nowed</h1>
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<hw>Now"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>nou\'82</ets>, p. p. of <ets>nouer</ets> to knot, fr. L. <ets>nodare</ets>. See <er>Nodated</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Knotted; tied in a knot, as a serpent.</def>

<h1>Nowel</h1>
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<hw>Now"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Noel</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>no\'89l</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Christmas; also, a shout of joy at Christmas for the birth of the Savior.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A kind of hymn, or canticle, of medi\'91val origin, sung in honor of the Nativity of our Lord; a Christmas carol.</def>

<i>Grove.</i>

<h1>Nowel</h1>
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<hw>Now"el</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>noyau</ets>, prop., a kernel. See <er>Noyau</er>, <er>Newel</er> a post.]</ety> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The core, or the inner part, of a mold for casting a large hollow object.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The bottom part of a mold or of a flask, in distinction from the cope; the drag.</def>

<h1>Nowes</h1>
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<hw>Nowes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[From OF. <ets>nous</ets>. See <er>Noose</er>, <er>Node</er>.]</ety> <def>The marriage knot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Crashaw.</i>

<h1>Nowhere</h1>
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<hw>No"where`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>n\'behw\'d6r</ets>. See <er>No</er>, and <er>Where</er>.]</ety> <def>Not anywhere; not in any place or state; <as>as, the book is <ex>nowhere</ex> to be found</as>.</def>

<h1>Nowhither</h1>
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<hw>No"whith`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>No</ets> + <ets>whither</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not anywhither; in no direction; nowhere.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "Thy servant went <i>nowhither</i>."

<i>2 Kings v. 25.</i>

<h1>Nowise</h1>
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<hw>No"wise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>in no wise</ets>. See <er>Wise</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Not in any manner or degree; in no way; noways.</def>

<blockquote>Others whose case is <b>nowise</b> different.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nowt</h1>
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<hw>Nowt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Neat cattle.</def>

<h1>Nowthe</h1>
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<hw>Now"the</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Nouthe</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Noxious</h1>
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<hw>Nox"ious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>noxius</ets>, fr. <ets>noxa</ets> harm; akin to <ets>nocere</ets> to harm, hurt. Cf. <er>Nuisance</er>, <er>Necromancy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Hurtful; harmful; baneful; pernicious; injurious; destructive; unwholesome; insalubrious; <as>as, <ex>noxious</ex> air, food, or climate</as>; pernicious; corrupting to morals; <as>as, <ex>noxious</ex> practices or examples</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Too frequent an appearance in places of public resort is <b>noxious</b> to spiritual promotions.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Guilty; criminal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Those who are <b>noxious</b> in the eye of the law.
<i>Abp. Bramhall.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Noisome; hurtful; harmful; injurious; destructive; pernicious; mischievous; corrupting; baneful; unwholesome; insalubrious. See <er>Noisome</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Nox"ious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Nox"ious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Noy</h1>
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<hw>Noy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Annoy</er>.]</ety> <def>To annoy; to vex.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<blockquote>All that <b>noyed</b> his heavy spright.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Noy</h1>
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<hw>Noy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which annoys.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Noyance</h1>
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<hw>Noy"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, Annoyance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Noyau</h1>
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<hw>Noy`au"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., prop., the stone or nut of a fruit, fr. L. <ets>nucalis</ets> like a nut. See <er>Newel</er> a post.]</ety> <def>A cordial of brandy, etc., flavored with the kernel of the bitter almond, or of the peach stone, etc.</def>

<h1>Noyer</h1>
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<hw>Noy"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An annoyer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Noyful</h1>
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<hw>Noy"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of annoyance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Noyls</h1>
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<hw>Noyls</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Noils</er>.</def>

<h1>Noyous</h1>
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<hw>Noy"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Annoying; disagreeable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Watch the <b>noyous</b> night, and wait for <?/ yous day.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nozle</h1>
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<hw>No"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Nozzle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nozzle</h1>
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<hw>Noz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A dim. of <ets>nose</ets>. &root;261]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>nosle</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The nose; the snout; hence, the projecting vent of anything; <as>as, the <ex>nozzle</ex> of a bellows</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A short tube, usually tapering, forming the vent of a hose or pipe.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def> A short outlet, or inlet, pipe projecting from the end or side of a hollow vessel, as a steam-engine cylinder or a steam boiler.</def>

<h1>Nuance</h1>
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<hw>Nu`ance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A shade of difference; a delicate gradation.</def>

<h1>Nub</h1>
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<hw>Nub</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Knob</er>.]</ety> <def>To push; to nudge; also, to beckon.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Nub</h1>
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<hw>Nub</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A jag, or snag; a knob; a protuberance; also, the point or gist, as of a story.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Nubbin</h1>
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<hw>Nub"bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small or imperfect ear of maize.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Nubble</h1>
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<hw>Nub"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LG. <ets>nubben</ets> to knock, cuff.]</ety> <def>To beat or bruise with the fist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Nubecula</h1>
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<hw>Nu*bec"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nubecul\'91</plw> <tt>(-l&emac;)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>nubes</ets> cloud.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A nebula.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Specifically, the Magellanic clouds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A slight spot on the cornea.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A cloudy object or appearance in urine.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Nubia</h1>
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<hw>Nu"bi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>nubes</ets> cloud.]</ety> <def>A light fabric of wool, worn on the head by women; a cloud.</def>

<h1>Nubian</h1>
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<hw>Nu"bi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Nubia in Eastern Africa.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Nubia.</def></def2>

<h1>Nubiferous</h1>
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<hw>Nu*bif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nubifer</ets>; <ets>nubes</ets> cloud + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>nubif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bringing, or producing, clouds.</def>

<h1>Nubigenous</h1>
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<hw>Nu*big"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nubes</ets> cloud + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Born of, or produced from, clouds.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Nubilate</h1>
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<hw>Nu"bi*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nubilatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>nubilare</ets> to cloud, fr. <ets>nubes</ets> cloud.]</ety> <def>To cloud.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nubile</h1>
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<hw>Nu"bile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nubilis</ets>, fr. <ets>nubere</ets> to marry: cf. F. <ets>nubile</ets>. See <er>Nuptial</er>.]</ety> <def>Of an age suitable for marriage; marriageable.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<-- 2. [of a young woman] Sexually attractive, sometimes used as a genteel euphemism for "having well-developed breasts".  -->

<h1>Nubility</h1>
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<hw>Nu*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nubilit\'82</ets> .]</ety> <def>The state of being marriageable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Nubilose, Nubilous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nu"bi*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nu"bi*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nubilosus</ets>, <ets>nubilus</ets>, fr. <ets>nubes</ets> cloud.]</ety> <def>Cloudy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Nucament</h1>
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<hw>Nu"ca*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nucamenta</ets> fir cones, fr. <ets>nux</ets>, <ets>nucis</ets>, a nut.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A catkin or ament; the flower cluster of the hazel, pine, willow, and the like.</def>

<h1>Nucamentaceous</h1>
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<hw>Nu`ca*men*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Nucament</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Like a nut either in structure or in being indehiscent; bearing one-seeded nutlike fruits.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>nucumentaceous</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Nucellus</h1>
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<hw>Nu*cel"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nucelli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of <ets>nux</ets>, <ets>nucis</ets>, a nut.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Nucleus</er>, 3 <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Nucha</h1>
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<hw>Nu"cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nuch<?/</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The back or upper part of the neck; the nape.</def>

<h1>Nuchal</h1>
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<hw>Nu"chal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nucal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the back, or nape, of the neck; -- applied especially to the anterior median plate in the carapace of turtles.</def>

<h1>Nuciferous</h1>
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<hw>Nu*cif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nux</ets>, <ets>nucis</ets>, nut + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing, or producing, nuts.</def>

<h1>Nuciform</h1>
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<hw>Nu"ci*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nux</ets>, <ets>nucis</ets>, nut + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Shaped like a nut; nut-shaped.</def>

<h1>Nucin</h1>
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<hw>Nu"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nux</ets>, <ets>nucis</ets>, a nut.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Juglone</er>.</def>

<h1>Nucleal, Nuclear</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nu"cle*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nu"cle*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a nucleus; <as>as, the <ex>nuclear</ex> spindle (see <ex>Illust</ex></as>. of <er>Karyokinesis</er>) or the <i>nuclear</i> fibrils of a cell; the <i>nuclear</i> part of a comet, etc.</def>

<h1>Nucleate</h1>
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<hw>Nu"cle*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nucleatus</ets> having a kernel.]</ety> <def>Having a nucleus; nucleated.</def>

<h1>Nucleate</h1>
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<hw>Nu"cle*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>nucleare</ets> to become kernelly.]</ety> <def>To gather, as about a nucleus or center.</def>

<h1>Nucleated</h1>
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<hw>Nu"cle*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a nucleus; nucleate; <as>as, <ex>nucleated</ex> cells</as>.</def>

<h1>Nucleiform</h1>
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<hw>Nu*cle"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nucleus</ets> kernel + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formed like a nucleus or kernel.</def>

<h1>Nuclein</h1>
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<hw>Nu"cle*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A constituent of the nuclei of all cells. It is a colorless amorphous substance, readily soluble in alkaline fluids and especially characterized by its comparatively large content of phosphorus. It also contains nitrogen and sulphur.\'3c--containing protein and nucleic acid--\'3e</def>

<h1>Nucleobranch</h1>
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<hw>Nu"cle*o*branch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Nucleobranchiata.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Nucleobranchiata.</def></def2>

<h1>Nucleobranchiata</h1>
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<hw>Nu`cle*o*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Nucleus</er>, and <er>Branchia</er>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Heteropoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Nucleoidioplasma</h1>
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<hw>Nu`cle*o*id`i*o*plas"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Nucleus</er>, and <er>Idioplasma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Hyaline plasma contained in the nucleus of vegetable cells.</def>

<h1>Nucleolar</h1>
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<hw>Nu*cle"o*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the nucleolus of a cell.</def>

<h1>Nucleolated</h1>
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<hw>Nu"cle*o*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a nucleole, or second inner nucleus.</def>

<h1>Nucleole</h1>
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<hw>Nu"cle*ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Nucleolus</er>.]</ety> <def>The nucleus within a nucleus; nucleolus.</def>

<h1>Nucleolus</h1>
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<hw>Nu*cle"o*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nucleoli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a little nut, dim. of <ets>nucleus</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A little nucleus.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A small rounded body contained in the nucleus of a cell or a protozoan.</def>

<note>&hand; It was termed by Agassiz the <i>entoblast</i>. In the protozoa, where it may be situated on one side of the nucleus, it is sometimes called the <i>endoplastule</i>, and is supposed to be concerned in the male part of the reproductive process. See <er>Nucleus</er>.</note>

<h1>Nucleoplasm</h1>
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<hw>Nu"cle*o*plasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nucleus</ets> + <ets>-plasm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The matter composing the nucleus of a cell; the protoplasm of the nucleus; karyoplasma.</def>

<h1>Nucleoplasmic</h1>
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<hw>Nu`cle*o*plas"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to nucleoplasm; -- esp. applied to a body formed in the developing ovum from the plasma of the nucleus of the germinal vesicle.</def>

<h1>Nucleus</h1>
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<hw>Nu"cle*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Nucleuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Nuclei</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a kernel, dim. fr. <ets>nux</ets>, <ets>nucis</ets>, nut. Cf. <er>Newel</er> post.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A kernel; hence, a central mass or point about which matter is gathered, or to which accretion is made; the central or material portion; -- used both literally and figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>It must contain within itself a <b>nucleus</b> of truth.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The body or the head of a comet.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An incipient ovule of soft cellular tissue.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A whole seed, as contained within the seed coats.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A body, usually spheroidal, in a cell or a protozoan, distinguished from the surrounding protoplasm by a difference in refrangibility and in behavior towards chemical reagents. It is more or less protoplasmic, and consists of a clear fluid (achromatin) through which extends a network of fibers (chromatin) in which may be suspended a second rounded body, the nucleolus (see <er>Nucleoplasm</er>). See <cref>Cell division</cref>, under <er>Division</er>.</def>
<-- it contains the genetic material, DNA -->

<note>&hand; The nucleus is sometimes termed the <i>endoplast</i> or <i>endoblast</i>, and in the protozoa is supposed to be concerned in the female part of the reproductive process. See <er>Karyokinesis</er>.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The tip, or earliest part, of a univalve or bivalve shell.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The central part around which additional growths are added, as of an operculum.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A visceral mass, containing the stomach and other organs, in Tunicata and some mollusks.</def>

<h1>Nucula</h1>
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<hw>Nu"cu*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., little nut, dim. of <ets>nux</ets>, <ets>nucis</ets>, a nut.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small marine bivalve shells, having a pearly interior.</def>

<h1>Nucle</h1>
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<hw>Nu"cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nucula</ets> a small nut.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Nutlet</er>.</def>

<h1>Nucumentaceous</h1>
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<hw>Nu`cu*men*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Nucamentaceous</er>.</def>

<h1>Nudation</h1>
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<hw>Nu*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nudatio</ets>, fr. <ets>nudare</ets> to make naked, fr. <ets>nudus</ets> naked. See <er>Nude</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of stripping, or making bare or naked.</def>

<h1>Nuddle</h1>
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<hw>Nud"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To walk quickly with the head bent forward; -- often with <i>along</i>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Nude</h1>
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<hw>Nude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nudus</ets>. See <er>Naked</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Bare; naked; unclothed; undraped; <as>as, a <ex>nude</ex> statue</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Naked; without consideration; void; <as>as, a <ex>nude</ex> contract</as>. See <er>Nudum pactum</er>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><col>The nude</col>, <cd>the undraped human figure in art.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Nude"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt>- <wf>Nude"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Nudge</h1>
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<hw>Nudge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nudge<?/</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nudging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Prov. G. <ets>kn\'81tschen</ets> to squeeze, pinch, E. <ets>Knock</ets>.]</ety> <def>To touch gently, as with the elbow, in order to call attention or convey intimation.</def>

<h1>Nudge</h1>
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<hw>Nudge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gentle push, or jog, as with the elbow.</def>

<h1>Nudibrachiate</h1>
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<hw>Nu`di*brach"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nudus</ets> naked + <ets>brachium</ets> an arm.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having tentacles without vibratile cilia.</def>

<i>Carpenter.</i>

<h1>Nudibranch</h1>
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<hw>Nu"di*branch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Nudibranchiata.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Nudibranchiata.</def></def2>

<h1>Nudibranchiata</h1>
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<hw>Nu`di*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Nude</er>, and <er>Branchia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of opisthobranchiate mollusks, having no shell except while very young. The gills are naked and situated upon the back or sides. See <er>Ceratobranchia</er>.</def>

<h1>Nudibranchiate</h1>
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<hw>Nu`di*bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Nudibranch</er>.</def>

<h1>Nudicaul</h1>
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<hw>Nu"di*caul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nudus</ets> naked + <ets>caulis</ets> stem.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the stems leafless.</def>

<h1>Nudification</h1>
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<hw>Nu`di*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nudus</ets> naked + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of making nude.</def>

<h1>Nudity</h1>
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<hw>Nu"di*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nudities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nudit\'82</ets> .]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being nude; nakedness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is nude or naked; naked part; undraped or unclothed portion; esp. <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld>, the human figure represented unclothed; any representation of nakedness; -- chiefly used in the plural and in a bad sense.</def>

<blockquote>There are no such licenses permitted in poetry any more than in painting, to design and color obscene <b>nudities</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nudum pactum</h1>
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<hw>Nu"dum pac"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., a nude pact.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A bare, naked contract, without any consideration.</def>

<i>Tomlins.</i><-- = naked promise? -->

<h1>Nugacity</h1>
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<hw>Nu*gac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nugacitas</ets>, fr. <ets>nugax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, trifling.]</ety> <def>Futility; trifling talk or behavior; drollery.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Nug\'91</h1>
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<hw>Nu"g\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Trifles; jests.</def>

<h1>Nugation</h1>
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<hw>Nu*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>nugation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of trifling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Nugatory</h1>
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<hw>Nu"ga*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nugatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>nugari</ets> to trifle, <ets>nugae</ets> jests, trifles.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Trifling; vain; futile; insignificant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of no force; inoperative; ineffectual.</def>

<blockquote>If all are pardoned, and pardoned as a mere act of clemency, the very substance of government is made <b>nugatory</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nugget</h1>
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<hw>Nug"get</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Earlier <ets>niggot</ets>, prob. for <ets>nigot</ets>, <ets>an ingot</ets>. See <er>Ingot</er>.]</ety> <def>A lump; a mass, esp. a native lump of a precious metal; <as>as, a <ex>nugget</ex> of gold</as>.</def>

<h1>Nugify</h1>
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<hw>Nu"gi*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nuggae</ets> trifles + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To render trifling or futile; to make silly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Nuisance</h1>
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<hw>Nui"sance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>noisance</ets>, OF. <ets>noisance</ets>, <ets>nuisance</ets>, fr. L. <ets>nocentia</ets> guilt, fr. <ets>nocere</ets> to hurt, harm; akin to <ets>necare</ets> to kill. Cf <er>Necromancy</er>, <er>Nocent</er>, <er>Noxious</er>, <er>Pernicious</er>.]</ety> <def>That which annoys or gives trouble and vexation; that which is offensive or noxious.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Nuisances</i> are <i>public</i> when they annoy citizens in general; <i>private</i>, when they affect individuals only.</note>

<h1>Nuisancer</h1>
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<hw>Nui"san*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who makes or causes a nuisance.</def>

<h1>Nul</h1>
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<hw>Nul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Null</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>No; not any; <as>as, <ex>nul</ex> disseizin; <ex>nul</ex> tort.</as></def>

<h1>Null</h1>
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<hw>Null</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nullus</ets> not any, none; <ets>ne</ets> not + <ets>ullus</ets> any, a dim. of <ets>unus</ets> one; cf. F. <ets>nul</ets>. See <er>No</er>, and <er>One</er>, and cf. <er>None</er>.]</ety> <def>Of no legal or binding force or validity; of no efficacy; invalid; void; nugatory; useless.</def>

<blockquote>Faultily faultless, icily regular, splendidly <b>null</b>,
Dead perfection; no more.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Null</h1>
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<hw>Null</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something that has no force or meaning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which has no value; a cipher; zero.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<cs><col>Null method</col> <fld>(Physics.)</fld>, <cd>a zero method. See under <er>Zero</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Null</h1>
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<hw>Null</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>null</ets>, a., or perh. abbrev. from <ets>annul</ets>.]</ety> <def>To annul.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Null</h1>
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<hw>Null</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>One of the beads in nulled work.</def>

<h1>Nulled</h1>
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<hw>Nulled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Turned so as to resemble nulls.</def>

<cs><col>Nulled work</col> <fld>(Cabinetwork)</fld>, <cd>ornamental turned work resembling nulls or beads strung on a rod.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nullibiety</h1>
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<hw>Nul`li*bi"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nullibi</ets> nowhere.]</ety> <def>The state or condition of being nowhere.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nullification</h1>
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<hw>Nul`li*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nullificatio</ets> contempt. See <er>Nullify</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of nullifying; a rendering void and of no effect, or of no legal effect.</def>

<cs><col>Right of nullification</col> <mark>(U. S. Hist.)</mark>, <cd>the right claimed in behalf of a State to nullify or make void, by its sovereign act or decree, an enactment of the general government which it deems unconstitutional.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nullifidian</h1>
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<hw>Nul`li*fid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nullus</ets> none + <ets>fide<?/</ets> faith.]</ety> <def>Of no faith; also, not trusting to faith for salvation; -- opposed to <ant>solifidian</ant>.</def>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Nullifidian</h1>
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<hw>Nul`li*fid"i*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An unbeliever.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Nullifier</h1>
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<hw>Nul"li*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who nullifies or makes void; one who maintains the right to nullify a contract by one of the parties.</def>

<h1>Nullify</h1>
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<hw>Nul"li*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nullified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nullifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>nullificare</ets>; <ets>nullus</ets> none + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>Null</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>To make void; to render invalid; to deprive of legal force or efficacy.</def>

<blockquote>Such correspondence would at once <b>nullify</b> the conditions of the probationary system.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To abrogate; revoke; annul; repeal; invalidate; cancel. See <er>Abolish</er>.</syn>

<h1>Nullipore</h1>
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<hw>Nul"li*pore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nullus</ets> none + <ets>porus</ets> pope.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name for certain crustaceous marine alg\'91 which secrete carbonate of lime on their surface, and were formerly thought to be of animal nature. They are now considered corallines of the genera <spn>Melobesia</spn> and <spn>Lithothamnion</spn>.</def>

<hr>
<page="986">
Page 986<p>

<h1>Nullity</h1>
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<hw>Nul"li*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nullities</plw></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>nullitias</ets>, fr. L. <ets>nullus</ets> none: cf. F. <ets>nullit\'82</ets> . See <er>Null</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being null; nothingness; want of efficacy or force.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Nonexistence; <as>as, a decree of <ex>nullity</ex> of marriage is a decree that no legal marriage exists</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is null.</def>

<blockquote>Was it not absurd to say that the convention was supreme in the state, and yet a <b>nullity</b> ?
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Numb</h1>
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<hw>Numb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nume</ets>, <ets>nome</ets>, prop., seized, taken, p. p. of <ets>nimen</ets> to take, AS. <ets>niman</ets>, p. p. <ets>numen</ets>. \'fb7. See <er>Nimble</er>, <er>Nomad</er>, and cf. <er>Benumb</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Enfeebled in, or destitute of, the power of sensation and motion; rendered torpid; benumbed; insensible; <as>as, the fingers or limbs are <ex>numb</ex> with cold</as>.</def> "A stony image, cold and <i>numb</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Producing numbness; benumbing; <as>as, the <ex>numb</ex>, cold night</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Numb</h1>
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<hw>Numb</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Numbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Numbing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make numb; to deprive of the power of sensation or motion; to render senseless or inert; to deaden; to benumb; to stupefy.</def>

<blockquote>For lazy winter <b>numbs</b> the laboring hand.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Like dull narcotics, <b>numbing</b> pain.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Numbedness</h1>
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<hw>Numb"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Numbness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Number</h1>
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<hw>Num"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nombre</ets>, F. <ets>nombre</ets>, L. <ets>numerus</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/ that which is dealt out, fr. <?/ to deal out, distribute. See <er>Numb</er>, <er>Nomad</er>, and cf. <er>Numerate</er>, <er>Numero</er>, <er>Numerous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which admits of being counted or reckoned; a unit, or an aggregate of units; a numerable aggregate or collection of individuals; an assemblage made up of distinct things expressible by figures.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collection of many individuals; a numerous assemblage; a multitude; many.</def>

<blockquote>Ladies are always of great use to the party they espouse, and never fail to win over <b>numbers</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A numeral; a word or character denoting a number; <as>as, to put a <ex>number</ex> on a door</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Numerousness; multitude.</def>

<blockquote><b>Number</b> itself importeth not much in armies where the people are of weak courage.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The state or quality of being numerable or countable.</def>

<blockquote>Of whom came nations, tribes, people, and kindreds out of <b>number</b>.
<i>2 Esdras iii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Quantity, regarded as made up of an aggregate of separate things.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>That which is regulated by count; poetic measure, as divisions of time or number of syllables; hence, poetry, verse; -- chiefly used in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>I lisped in <b>numbers</b>, for the <b>numbers</b> came.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The distinction of objects, as one, or more than one (in some languages, as one, or two, or more than two), expressed (usually) by a difference in the form of a word; thus, the <i>singular number</i> and the <i>plural number</i> are the names of the forms of a word indicating the objects denoted or referred to by the word as one, or as more than one.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The measure of the relation between quantities or things of the same kind; that abstract species of quantity which is capable of being expressed by figures; numerical value.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Abstract number</col>, <col>Abundant number</col>, <col>Cardinal number</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Abstract</er>, <er>Abundant</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>In numbers</col>, <cd>in numbered parts; as, a book published <i>in numbers<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Number</h1>
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<hw>Num"ber</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Numbered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Numbering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>nombren</ets>, <ets>noumbren</ets>, F. <ets>nombrer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>numerare</ets>, <ets>numeratum</ets>. See <er>Number</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To count; to reckon; to ascertain the units of; to enumerate.</def>

<blockquote>If a man can <b>number</b> the dust of the earth, then shall thy seed also be <b>numbered</b>.
<i>Gen. xiii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reckon as one of a collection or multitude.</def>

<blockquote>He was <b>numbered</b> with the transgressors.
<i>Is. liii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give or apply a number or numbers to; to assign the place of in a series by order of number; to designate the place of by a number or numeral; <as>as, to <ex>number</ex> the houses in a street, or the apartments in a building</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To amount; to equal in number; to contain; to consist of; <as>as, the army <ex>numbers</ex> fifty thousand</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thy tears can not <b>number</b> the dead.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Numbering machine</col>, <cd>a machine for printing consecutive numbers, as on railway tickets, bank bills, etc.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To count; enumerate; calculate; tell.</syn>

<h1>Numberer</h1>
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<hw>Num"ber*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who numbers.</def>

<h1>Numberful</h1>
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<hw>Num"ber*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Numerous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Numberless</h1>
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<hw>Num"ber*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Innumerable; countless.</def>

<h1>Numberous</h1>
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<hw>Num"ber*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Numerous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drant.</i>

<h1>Numbers</h1>
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<hw>Num"bers</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>of <er>Number</er>. The fourth book of the Pentateuch, containing the census of the Hebrews.</def>

<h1>Numbfish</h1>
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<hw>Numb"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The torpedo, which <i>numbs</i> by the electric shocks which it gives.</def>

<h1>Numbless</h1>
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<hw>Num"bless</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Nombles</er>.</def>

<h1>Numbness</h1>
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<hw>Numb"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being numb; that state of a living body in which it loses, wholly or in part, the power of feeling or motion.</def>

<h1>Numerable</h1>
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<hw>Nu"mer*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>numerabilis</ets>. See <er>Number</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Capable of being numbered or counted.</def>

<h1>Numeral</h1>
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<hw>Nu"mer*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>numeralis</ets>, fr. <ets>numerus</ets> number: cf. F. <ets>num\'82ral</ets>. See <er>Number</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to number; consisting of number or numerals.</def>

<blockquote>A long train of <b>numeral</b> progressions.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressing number; representing number; <as>as, <ex>numeral</ex> letters or characters, as X or 10 for ten</as>.</def>

<h1>Numeral</h1>
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<hw>Nu"mer*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A figure or character used to express a number; <as>as, the Arabic <ex>numerals</ex>, 1, 2, 3, etc.; the Roman <ex>numerals</ex>, I, V, X, L, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A word expressing a number.</def>

<h1>Numerally</h1>
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<hw>Nu"mer*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to number; in number; numerically.</def>

<h1>Numerary</h1>
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<hw>Nu"mer*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>numerarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>num\'82raire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a certain number; counting as one of a collection or body.</def>

<blockquote>A supernumerary canon, when he obtains a prebend, becomes a <b>numerary</b> canon.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Numerate</h1>
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<hw>Nu"mer*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Numerated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Numerating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>numeratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>numerare</ets> to count. See <er>Number</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>To divide off and read according to the rules of numeration; <as>as, to <ex>numerate</ex> a row of figures</as>.</def>

<h1>Numeration</h1>
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<hw>Nu`mer*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>numeratio</ets> a counting out: cf. F. <ets>num\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or art of numbering.</def>

<blockquote><b>Numeration</b> is but still the adding of one unit more, and giving to the whole a new name or sign.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or art of reading numbers when expressed by means of numerals. The term is almost exclusively applied to the art of reading numbers written in the scale of tens, by the Arabic method.</def>

<i>Davies & Peck.</i>

<note>&hand; For convenience in reading, numbers are usually separated by commas into periods of three figures each, as 1,155,465. According to what is called the "English" system, the billion is a million of millions, a trillion a million of billions, and each higher denomination is a million times the one preceding. According to the system of the French and other Continental nations and also that of the United States, the billion is a thousand millions, and each higher denomination is a thousand times the preceding.</note>

<h1>Numerative</h1>
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<hw>Nu"mer*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to numeration; <as>as, a <ex>numerative</ex> system</as>.</def>

<i>Eng. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Numerator</h1>
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<hw>Nu"mer*a"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>numerator</ets>: cf. F. <ets>num\'82rateur</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who numbers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The term in a fraction which indicates the number of fractional units that are taken.</def>

<note>&hand; In a vulgar fraction the numerator is written above a line; thus, in the fraction 5/9 (five ninths) 5 is the numerator; in a decimal fraction it is the number which follows the decimal point. See <er>Fraction</er>.</note>

<h1>Numeric, Numerical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nu*mer"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nu*mer"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>num\'82rique</ets>. See <er>Number</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to number; denoting number; consisting in numbers; expressed by numbers, and not letters; <as>as, <ex>numerical</ex> characters; a <ex>numerical</ex> equation; a <ex>numerical</ex> statement.</as></def>

<note>&hand; <i>Numerical</i>, as opposed to <i>algebraical</i>, is used to denote a value irrespective of its sign; thus, -5 is numerically greater than -3, though algebraically less.</note>

<h1>2.</h1>
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<hw>2.</hw> <def>The same in number; hence, identically the same; identical; <as>as, the same <ex>numerical</ex> body</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>Would to God that all my fellow brethren, which with me bemoan the loss of their books, . . . might rejoice for the recovery thereof, though not the same <b>numerical</b> volumes.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Numerical equation</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>an equation which has all the quantities except the unknown expressed in numbers; -- distinguished from <i>literal equation<i>.</cd> -- <col>Numerical value</col> <cd>of an equation or expression, that deduced by substituting numbers for the letters, and reducing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Numeric</h1>
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<hw>Nu*mer"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Any number, proper or improper fraction, or incommensurable ratio. The term also includes any imaginary expression like <mathex>m + n&root;-1</mathex>, where <it>m</it> and <it>n</it> are real <i>numerics</i>.</def>

<h1>Numerically</h1>
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<hw>Nu*mer"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a numerical manner; in numbers; with respect to number, or sameness in number; <as>as, a thing is <ex>numerically</ex> the same, or <ex>numerically</ex> different</as>.</def>

<h1>Numerist</h1>
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<hw>Nu"mer*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who deals in numbers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Numero</h1>
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<hw>Nu"me*ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., or F. <ets>num\'82ro</ets> ; both fr. L. <ets>numerus</ets> number.]</ety> <def>Number; -- often abbrev. <abbr>No.</abbr></def>

<h1>Numerosity</h1>
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<hw>Nu`mer*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>numerositas</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being numerous; numerousness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rhythm; harmony; flow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>numerosity</b> of the sentence pleased the ear.
<i>S. Parr.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Numerous</h1>
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<hw>Nu"mer*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>numerosus</ets>. See <er>Number</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of a great number of units or individual objects; being many; <as>as, a <ex>numerous</ex> army</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Such and so <b>numerous</b> was their chivalry.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of poetic numbers; rhythmical; measured and counted; melodious; musical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Such prompt eloquence
Flowed from their lips, in prose or <b>numerous</b> verse.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Nu"mer*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Nu"mer*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Numidian</h1>
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<hw>Nu*mid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ancient Numidia in Northern Africa.</def>

<cs><col>Numidian crane</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Demoiselle</er>, 2.</cd></cs>

<h1>Numismatic, Numismatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nu`mis*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nu`mis*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>numisma</ets>, <ets>nomisma</ets>, a piece of money, coin, fr. Gr. <?/ anything sanctioned by usage, the current coin, fr. <?/ to introduce a custom, or usage, fr. <?/ a custom, or usage, fr. <?/ to distribute, assign: cf. F. <ets>numismatique</ets>. See <er>Nomad</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to coins; relating to the science of coins or medals.</def>

<h1>Numismatics</h1>
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<hw>Nu`mis*mat"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>numismatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of coins and medals.</def>

<h1>Numismatist</h1>
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<hw>Nu*mis"ma*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in numismatics; a numismatologist.</def>

<h1>Numismatography</h1>
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<hw>Nu*mis`ma*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>numisma</ets>, <ets>-atis</ets> (Gr. <?/) + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on, or description of, coins and medals.</def>

<h1>Numismatologist</h1>
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<hw>Nu*mis`ma*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in numismatology.</def>
<-- now usu. numismatist -->

<h1>Numismatology</h1>
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<hw>Nu*mis`ma*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>numisma</ets>, <ets>-atis + -logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of coins and medals, in their relation to history; numismatics.</def>

<h1>Nummary</h1>
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<hw>Num"ma*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nummarius</ets>, from <ets>nummus</ets> a coin.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to coins or money.</def>

<h1>Nummular, Nummulary</h1>
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<hw><hw>Num"mu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Num"mu*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nummularius</ets>, fr. <ets>nummulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>nummus</ets> a coin: cf. F. <ets>nummulaire</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to coin or money; pecuniary; <as>as, the <ex>nummulary</ex> talent</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Pathol.)</fld> <def>Having the appearance or form of a coin.</def> "<i>Nummular</i> sputa."

<i>Sir T. Watson.</i>

<h1>Nummulation</h1>
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<hw>Num`mu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The arrangement of the red blood corpuscles in rouleaux, like piles of coins, as when a drop of human blood is examined under the microscope.</def>

<h1>Nummulite</h1>
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<hw>Num"mu*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nummus</ets> a coin + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>nummulite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil of the genus Nummulites and allied genera.</def>

<h1>Nummulites</h1>
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<hw>Num`mu*li"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Nummulite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of extinct Tertiary Foraminifera, having a thin, flat, round shell, containing a large number of small chambers arranged spirally.</def>

<h1>Nummulitic</h1>
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<hw>Num`mu*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, like, composed of, containing, nummulites; <as>as, <ex>nummulitic</ex> beds</as>.</def>

<h1>Numps</h1>
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<hw>Numps</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Numb</er>.]</ety> <def>A dolt; a blockhead.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Parker.</i>

<h1>Numskull</h1>
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<hw>Num"skull`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Numb</ets> + <ets>skull</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dunce; a dolt; a stupid fellow.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>They have talked like <b>numskulls</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Numskulled</h1>
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<hw>Num"skulled`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Stupid; doltish.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Nun</h1>
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<hw>Nun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nunne</ets>, AS. <ets>nunne</ets>, fr. L. <ets>nonna</ets> nun, <ets>nonnus</ets> monk; cf. Gr. <?/, <?/; of unknown origin. Cf. <er>Nunnery</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A woman devoted to a religious life, who lives in a convent, under the three vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.</def>

<blockquote>They holy time is quiet as a <b>nun</b>
Breathless with adoration.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A white variety of domestic pigeons having a veil of feathers covering the head.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The smew.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The European blue titmouse.</def>

<cs><col>Gray nuns</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>the members of a religious order established in Montreal in 1745, whence branches were introduced into the United States in 1853; -- so called from the color or their robe, and known in religion as <altname>Sisters of Charity of Montreal</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Nun buoy</col>. <cd>See under <er>Buoy</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nunchion</h1>
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<hw>Nun"chion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nonechenche</ets>, for <ets>noneschenche</ets>, prop., a noon drink; <ets>none</ets> noon + <ets>schenchen</ets>, <ets>schenken</ets>, <ets>skinken</ets>, to pour, AS. <ets>scencan</ets>. See <er>Noon</er>, and <er>Skink</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>A portion of food taken at or after noon, usually between full meals; a luncheon.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>noonshun</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Nunciate</h1>
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<hw>Nun"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who announces; a messenger; a nuncio.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hoole.</i>

<h1>Nunciature</h1>
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<hw>Nun"ci*a*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nunciare</ets>, <ets>nuntiare</ets>, to announce, report, fr. <ets>nuncius</ets>, <ets>nuntius</ets>, messenger: cf. F. <ets>nonciature</ets>, It. <ets>nunziatura</ets>. See <er>Nuncio</er>.]</ety> <def>The office of a nuncio.</def>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<h1>Nuncio</h1>
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<hw>Nun"ci*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nuncios</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It. <ets>nunzio</ets>, <ets>nuncio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>nuncius</ets>, <ets>nuntius</ets>, messenger; perh. akin to <ets>novus</ets> new, E. <ets>new</ets>, and thus, one who brings news. Cf. <er>Announce</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A messenger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The permanent official representative of the pope at a foreign court or seat of government.  Distinguished from a <i>legate a latere</i>, whose mission is temporary in its nature, or for some special purpose. Nuncios are of higher rank than internuncios.</def>

<h1>Nuncius</h1>
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<hw>Nun"ci*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nuncii</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Roman & Old Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A messenger.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The information communicated.</def>

<h1>Nuncupate</h1>
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<hw>Nun"cu*pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nuncupatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>nuncupare</ets> to nuncupate, prob. fr. <ets>nomen</ets> name + <ets>capere</ets> to take.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To declare publicly or solemnly; to proclaim formally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In whose presence did St. Peter <b>nuncupate</b> it ?
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dedicate by declaration; to inscribe; <as>as, to <ex>nuncupate</ex> a book</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Nuncupation</h1>
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<hw>Nun`cu*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nuncupatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of nuncupating.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nuncupative</h1>
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<hw>Nun*cu"pa*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nuncupativus</ets> nominal: cf. F. <ets>nuncupatif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Publicly or solemnly declaratory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Nominal; existing only in name.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Oral; not written.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Nuncupative will</col> &or; <col>testament</col></mcol>, <cd>a will or testament made by word of mouth only, before witnesses, as by a soldier or seaman, and depending on oral testimony for proof.</cd>

<i>Blackstone.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Nuncupatory</h1>
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<hw>Nun*cu"pa*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Nuncupative; oral.</def>

<h1>Nundinal</h1>
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<hw>Nun"di*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nundinal letter.</def>

<h1>Nundinal, Nundinary</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nun"di*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nun"di*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nundinalis</ets>, <ets>nundinarius</ets>, fr. <ets>nundinae</ets> the market day, the weekly market, prop., the ninth day, fr. <ets>nundinus</ets> belonging to nine days; <ets>novem</ets> nine + <ets>dies</ets> day: cf. F. <ets>nundinal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a fair, or to a market day.</def>

<cs><col>Nundinal letter</col>, <cd>among the Romans, one of the first eight letters of the alphabet, which were repeated successively from the first to the last day of the year. One of these always expressed the market day, which returned every nine days (every eight days by our reckoning).</cd></cs>

<h1>Nundinate</h1>
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<hw>Nun"di*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nundinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>nundinary</ets> to attend fairs, to traffic. See <er>Nundinal</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To buy and sell at fairs or markets.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nundination</h1>
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<hw>Nun`di*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nundinatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Traffic at fairs; marketing; buying and selling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Common <b>nundination</b> of pardons.
<i>Abp. Bramhall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nunnation</h1>
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<hw>Nun*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>nun</ets>, the Arabic name of the letter <ets>n</ets>: cf. NL. <ets>nunnatio</ets>, F. <ets>nunnation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arabic Gram.)</fld> <def>The pronunciation of <it>n</it> at the end of words.</def>

<h1>Nunnery</h1>
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<hw>Nun"ner*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nunneries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>nonnerie</ets>, OF. <ets>nonerie</ets>, F. <ets>nonnerie</ets>, fr. <ets>nonne</ets> nun, L. <ets>nonna</ets>. See <er>Nun</er>.]</ety> <def>A house in which nuns reside; a cloister or convent in which women reside for life, under religious vows. See <er>Cloister</er>, and <er>Convent</er>.</def>

<h1>Nunnish</h1>
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<hw>Nun"nish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling a nun; characteristic of a nun.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Nun"nish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Nup</h1>
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<hw>Nup</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Nupson</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nuphar</h1>
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<hw>Nu"phar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>n<?/far</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants found in the fresh-water ponds or lakes of Europe, Asia, and North America; the yellow water lily. Cf. <er>Nymphaea</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="987">
Page 987<p>

<h1>Nupson</h1>
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<hw>Nup"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of doubtful origin.]</ety> <def>A simpleton; a fool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Nuptial</h1>
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<hw>Nup"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nuptialis</ets>, fr. <ets>nuptiae</ets> marriage, wedding, fr. <ets>nubere</ets>, <ets>nuptum</ets>, prop., to cover, to veil, hence, to marry, as the head of the bride was covered with a veil; cf. Gr. <?/ bride, nymph: cf. F. <ets>nuptial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to marriage; done or used at a wedding; <as>as, <ex>nuptial</ex> rites and ceremonies</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Then, all in heat,
They light the <b>nuptial</b> torch.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nuptial</h1>
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<hw>Nup"tial</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nuptials</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Marriage; wedding; nuptial ceremony; -- now only in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>Celebration of that <b>nuptial</b>, which
We two have sworn shall come.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Preparations . . . for the approaching <b>nuptials</b>.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nur</h1>
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<hw>Nur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Knur</er>.]</ety> <def>A hard knot in wood; also, a hard knob of wood used by boys in playing hockey.</def>

<blockquote>I think I'm as hard as a <b>nur</b>, and as tough as whitleather.
<i>W. Howitt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nurl</h1>
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<hw>Nurl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nurled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nurling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Knurl</er>.]</ety> <def>To cut with reeding or fluting on the edge of, as coins, the heads of screws, etc.; to knurl.</def>

<h1>Nurse</h1>
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<hw>Nurse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nourse</ets>, <ets>nurice</ets>, <ets>norice</ets>, OF. <ets>nurrice</ets>, <ets>norrice</ets>, <ets>nourrice</ets>, F. <ets>nourrice</ets>, fr. L. <ets>nutricia</ets> nurse, prop., fem. of <ets>nutricius</ets> that nourishes; akin to <ets>nutrix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, nurse, fr. <ets>nutrire</ets> to nourish. See <er>Nourish</er>, and cf. <er>Nutritious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who nourishes; a person who supplies food, tends, or brings up; as: <sd>(a)</sd> A woman who has the care of young children; especially, one who suckles an infant not her own. <sd>(b)</sd> A person, especially a woman, who has the care of the sick or infirm.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who, or that which, brings up, rears, causes to grow, trains, fosters, or the like.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>nurse</b> of manly sentiment and heroic enterprise.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A lieutenant or first officer, who is the real commander when the captain is unfit for his place.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A peculiar larva of certain trematodes which produces cercari\'91 by asexual reproduction. See <er>Cercaria</er>, and <er>Redia</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Either one of the nurse sharks.</def>

<cs><col>Nurse shark</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A large arctic shark (<spn>Somniosus microcephalus</spn>), having small teeth and feeble jaws; -- called also <altname>sleeper shark</altname>, and <altname>ground shark</altname>. <sd>(b)</sd> A large shark (<spn>Ginglymostoma cirratum</spn>), native of the West Indies and Gulf of Mexico, having the dorsal fins situated behind the ventral fins.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To put to nurse</col>, &or; <col>To put out to nurse</col></mcol>, <cd>to send away to be nursed; to place in the care of a nurse.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Wet nurse</col>, <col>Dry nurse</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Wet nurse</er>, and <er>Dry nurse</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nurse</h1>
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<hw>Nurse</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nursed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nursing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To nourish; to cherish; to foster</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To nourish at the breast; to suckle; to feed and tend, as an infant</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To take care of or tend, as a sick person or an invalid; to attend upon.</def>

<blockquote>Sons wont to <b>nurse</b> their parents in old age.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Him in Egerian groves Aricia bore,
And <b>nursed</b> his youth along the marshy shore.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring up; to raise, by care, from a weak or invalid condition; to foster; to cherish; -- applied to plants, animals, and to any object that needs, or thrives by, attention.</def> "To <i>nurse</i> the saplings tall."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>By what hands [has vice] been <b>nursed</b> into so uncontrolled a dominion?
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To manage with care and economy, with a view to increase; <as>as, to <ex>nurse</ex> our national resources</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To caress; to fondle, as a nurse does.</def>

<i>A. Trollope.</i>

<cs><col>To nurse billiard balls</col>, <cd>to strike them gently and so as to keep them in good position during a series of caroms.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nursehound</h1>
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<hw>Nurse"hound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Houndfish</er>.</def>

<h1>Nursemaid</h1>
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<hw>Nurse"maid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A girl employed to attend children.</def>

<h1>Nursepond</h1>
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<hw>Nurse"pond`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pond where fish are fed.</def>

<i>Walton.</i>

<h1>Nurser</h1>
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<hw>Nurs"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who nurses; a nurse; one who cherishes or encourages growth.</def>

<h1>Nursery</h1>
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<hw>Nurs"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nurseries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nourricerie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of nursing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Her kind <i>nursery</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The place where nursing is carried on</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The place, or apartment, in a house, appropriated to the care of children.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A place where young trees, shrubs, vines, etc., are propagated for the purpose of transplanting; a plantation of young trees.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The place where anything is fostered and growth promoted.</def> "Fair Padua, <i>nursery</i> of arts."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Christian families are the <b>nurseries</b> of the church on earth, as she is the <b>nursery</b> of the church in heaven.
<i>J. M. Mason.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>That which forms and educates; as, commerce is the <i>nursery</i> of seamen</def>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is nursed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Nurseryman</h1>
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<hw>Nurs"er*y*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nurserymen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who cultivates or keeps a nursery, or place for rearing trees, etc.</def>

<h1>Nursing</h1>
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<hw>Nurs"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Supplying or taking nourishment from, or as from, the breast; <as>as, a <ex>nursing</ex> mother; a <ex>nursing</ex> infant.</as></def>

<h1>Nursling</h1>
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<hw>Nurs"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nurse</ets> + <ets>-ling</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, is nursed; an infant; a fondling.</def>

<blockquote>I was his <b>nursling</b> once, and choice delight.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nurstle</h1>
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<hw>Nurs"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To nurse. See <er>Noursle</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nurture</h1>
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<hw>Nur"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>norture</ets>, <ets>noriture</ets>, OF. <ets>norriture</ets>, <ets>norreture</ets>, F. <ets>nourriture</ets>, fr. L. <ets>nutritura</ets> a nursing, suckling. See <er>Nourish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of nourishing or nursing; thender care; education; training.</def>

<blockquote>A man neither by nature nor by <b>nurture</b> wise.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which nourishes; food; diet.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Nurture</h1>
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<hw>Nur"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nurtured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nurturing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To feed; to nourish.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To educate; to bring or train up.</def>

<blockquote>He was <b>nurtured</b> where he had been born.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To nourish; nurse; cherish; bring up; educate; tend.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Nurture</er>, <er>Nourish</er>, <er>Cherish</er>. <i>Nourish</i> denotes to supply with food, or cause to grow; as, to <i>nourish</i> a plant, to <i>nourish</i> rebellion. To <i>nurture</i> is to train up with a fostering care, like that of a mother; as, to <i>nurture</i> into strength; to <i>nurture</i> in sound principles. To <i>cherish</i> is to hold and treat as dear; as, to <i>cherish</i> hopes or affections.</usage>

<h1>Nustle</h1>
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<hw>Nus"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Nuzzle</er>.]</ety> <def>To fondle; to cherish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Nut</h1>
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<hw>Nut</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nute</ets>, <ets>note</ets>, AS. <ets>hnutu</ets>; akin to D. <ets>noot</ets>, G. <ets>nuss</ets>, OHG. <ets>nuz</ets>, Icel. <ets>hnot</ets>, Sw. <ets>n\'94t</ets>, Dan. <ets>n\'94d</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit of certain trees and shrubs (as of the almond, walnut, hickory, beech, filbert, etc.), consisting of a hard and indehiscent shell inclosing a kernel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A perforated block (usually a small piece of metal), provided with an internal or female screw thread, used on a bolt, or screw, for tightening or holding something, or for transmitting motion. See <i>Illust</i>. of lst <er>Bolt</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The tumbler of a gunlock.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A projection on each side of the shank of an anchor, to secure the stock in place.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Check nut</col>, <col>Jam nut</col>, <col>Lock nut</col></mcol>, <cd>a nut which is screwed up tightly against another nut on the same bolt or screw, in order to prevent accidental unscrewing of the first nut.</cd> -- <col>Nut buoy</col>. <cd>See under <er>Buoy</er>.</cd> -- <col>Nut coal</col>, <cd>screened coal of a size smaller than stove coal and larger than pea coal; -- called also <altname>chestnut coal</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Nut crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any leucosoid crab of the genus <spn>Ebalia</spn> as, <spn>Ebalia tuberosa</spn> of Europe.</cd> -- <col>Nut grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the Sedge family (<spn>Cyperus rotundus</spn>, var. <spn>Hydra</spn>), which has slender rootstocks bearing small, nutlike tubers, by which the plant multiplies exceedingly, especially in cotton fields.</cd> -- <col>Nut lock</col>, <cd>a device, as a metal plate bent up at the corners, to prevent a nut from becoming unscrewed, as by jarring.</cd><-- = lock nut --> -- <col>Nut pine</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Pine</er>.</cd> -- <col>Nut rush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of cyperaceous plants (<spn>Scleria</spn>) having a hard bony achene.  Several species are found in the United States and many more in tropical regions.</cd> -- <col>Nut tree</col>, <cd>a tree that bears nuts.</cd> -- <col>Nut weevil</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of weevils of the genus <spn>Balaninus</spn> and other allied genera, which in the larval state live in nuts.</cd></cs>

<h1>Nut</h1>
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<hw>Nut</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nutted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nutting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To gather nuts.</def>

<h1>Nutant</h1>
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<hw>Nu"tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nutans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>nutare</ets> to nod, v. intens. fr. <ets>nuere</ets> (in comp.) to nod; cf. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Nodding; having the top bent downward.</def>

<h1>Nutation</h1>
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<hw>Nu*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nutatio</ets> a nodding, fr. <ets>nutare</ets> to nod: cf. F. <ets>nutation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of nodding.</def>

<blockquote>So from the midmost the <b>nutation</b> spreads,
Round and more round, o'er all the sea of heads.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A very small libratory motion of the earth's axis, by which its inclination to the plane of the ecliptic is constantly varying by a small amount.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The motion of a flower in following the apparent movement of the sun, from the east in the morning to the west in the evening.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Circumnutation.</def>

<h1>Nutbreaker</h1>
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<hw>Nut"break`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The European nuthatch.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The nutcracker.</def>

<h1>Nut-brown</h1>
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<hw>Nut"-brown`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Brown as a nut long kept and dried.</def> "The spicy <i>nutbrown</i> ale."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Nutcracker</h1>
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<hw>Nut"crack`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument for cracking nuts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A European bird (<spn>Nucifraga caryocatactes</spn>), allied to the magpie and crow. Its color is dark brown, spotted with white. It feeds on nuts, seeds, and insects.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The American, or Clarke's, nutcracker (<spn>Picicorvus Columbianus</spn>) of Western North America.</def>

<h1>Nutgall</h1>
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<hw>Nut"gall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A more or less round gall resembling a nut, esp. one of those produced on the oak and used in the arts. See <er>Gall</er>, <er>Gallnut</er>.</def>

<h1>Nuthatch</h1>
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<hw>Nut"hatch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>nuthake</ets>. See 2d <er>Hack</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of birds of the genus <spn>Sitta</spn>, as the European species (<spn>Sitta Europ\'91a</spn>). The white-breasted nuthatch (<spn>S. Carolinensis</spn>), the red-breasted nuthatch (<spn>S. Canadensis</spn>), the pygmy nuthatch (<spn>S. pygm\'91a</spn>), and others, are American.</def>

<h1>Nuthook</h1>
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<hw>Nut"hook`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hook at the end of a pole to pull down boughs for gathering the nuts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thief who steals by means of a hook; also, a bailiff who hooks or seizes malefactors.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Nutjobber</h1>
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<hw>Nut"job`ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The nuthatch.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Nutlet</h1>
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<hw>Nut"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small nut; also, the stone of a drupe.</def>

<h1>Nutmeg</h1>
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<hw>Nut"meg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>notemuge</ets>; <ets>note</ets> nut + OF. <ets>muge</ets> musk, of the same origin as E. <ets>musk</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>noix muguette</ets> nutmeg, F. <ets>noix muscade</ets>. See <er>Nut</er>, and <er>Musk</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The kernel of the fruit of the nutmeg tree (<spn>Myristica fragrans</spn>), a native of the Molucca Islands, but cultivated elsewhere in the tropics.</def>

<note>&hand; This fruit is a nearly spherical drupe, of the size of a pear, of a yellowish color without and almost white within. This opens into two nearly equal longitudinal valves, inclosing the nut surrounded by its aril, which is <i>mace</i> The nutmeg is an aromatic, very grateful to the taste and smell, and much used in cookery. Other species of <spn>Myristica</spn> yield nutmegs of inferior quality.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>American</col>, <col>Calabash</col>, &or; <col>Jamaica</col>, <col>nutmeg</col></mcol>, <cd>the fruit of a tropical shrub (<spn>Monodora Myristica</spn>). It is about the size of an orange, and contains many aromatic seeds imbedded in pulp.</cd> -- <col>Brazilian nutmeg</col>, <cd>the fruit of a lauraceous tree, <spn>Cryptocarya moschata</spn>.</cd> -- <col>California nutmeg</col>, <cd>tree of the Yew family (<spn>Torreya Californica</spn>), growing in the Western United States, and having a seed which resembles a nutmeg in appearance, but is strongly impregnated with turpentine.</cd> -- <col>Clove nutmeg</col>, <cd>the <spn>Ravensara aromatica</spn>, a laura ceous tree of Madagascar. The foliage is used as a spice, but the seed is acrid and caustic.</cd> -- <col>Jamaica nutmeg</col>. <cd>See American nutmeg (above).</cd> -- <col>Nutmeg bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Indian finch (<spn>Munia punctularia</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Nutmeg butter</col>, <cd>a solid oil extracted from the nutmeg by expression.</cd> -- <col>Nutmeg flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a ranunculaceous herb (<spn>Nigella sativa</spn>) with small black aromatic seeds, which are used medicinally and for excluding moths from furs and clothing.</cd> -- <col>Nutmeg liver</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a name applied to the liver, when, as the result of heart or lung disease, it undergoes congestion and pigmentation about the central veins of its lobules, giving it an appearance resembling that of a nutmeg.</cd> -- <col>Nutmeg melon</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small variety of muskmelon of a rich flavor.</cd> -- <col>Nutmeg pigeon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of pigeons of the genus <spn>Myristicivora</spn>, native of the East Indies and Australia. The color is usually white, or cream-white, with black on the wings and tail.</cd> -- <col>Nutmeg wood</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the wood of the Palmyra palm.</cd> -- <col>Peruvian nutmeg</col>, <cd>the aromatic seed of a South American tree (<spn>Laurelia sempervirens</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Plume nutmeg</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a spicy tree of Australia (<spn>Atherosperma moschata</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Nutmegged</h1>
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<hw>Nut"megged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Seasoned with nutmeg.</def>

<h1>Nutpecker</h1>
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<hw>Nut"peck`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The nuthatch.</def>

<h1>Nutria</h1>
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<hw>Nu"tri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>nutria</ets> an otter, fr. L. <ets>lutra</ets>, <ets>lytra</ets>.]</ety> <def>The fur of the coypu. See <er>Coypu</er>.</def>

<h1>Nutrication</h1>
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<hw>Nu`tri*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nutricatio</ets>, fr. <ets>nutricare</ets>, <ets>nutricari</ets>, to suckle, nourish, fr. <ets>nutrix</ets> a nurse.]</ety> <def>The act or manner of feeding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Nutrient</h1>
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<hw>Nu"tri*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nutriens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>nutrire</ets>. See <er>Nourish</er>.]</ety> <def>Nutritious; nourishing; promoting growth.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Any substance which has nutritious qualities, <it>i. e.</it>, which nourishes or promotes growth.</def></def2>

<h1>Nutriment</h1>
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<hw>Nu"tri*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nutrimentum</ets>, fr. <ets>nutrire</ets> to nourish. See <er>Nourish</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which nourishes; anything which promotes growth and repairs the natural waste of animal or vegetable life; food; aliment.</def>

<blockquote>The stomach returns what it has received, in strength and <b>nutriment</b> diffused into all parts of the body.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which promotes development or growth.</def>

<blockquote>Is not virtue in mankind
The <b>nutriment</b> that feeds the mind ?
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nutrimental</h1>
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<hw>Nu`tri*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Nutritious.</def>

<h1>Nutritial</h1>
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<hw>Nu*tri"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or connected with, nutrition; nutritious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Nutrition</h1>
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<hw>Nu*tri"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nutrition</ets>. See <er>Nutritious</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>In the broadest sense, a process or series of processes by which the living organism as a whole (or its component parts or organs) is maintained in its normal condition of life and growth.</def>

<note>&hand; In this wide sense it comprehends <i>digestion</i>, <i>absorption</i>, <i>circulation</i>, <i>assimilation</i>, etc., in fact all of the steps by which the nutritive matter of the food is fitted for incorporation with the different tissues, and the changes which it undergoes after its assimilation, prior to its excretion. See <er>Metabolism</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>In a more limited sense, the process by which the living tissues take up, from the blood, matters necessary either for their repair or for the performance of their healthy functions.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which nourishes; nutriment.</def>

<blockquote>Fixed like a plant, on his peculiar spot,
To draw <b>nutrition</b>, propagate, and rot.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nutritional</h1>
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<hw>Nu*tri"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to nutrition; <as>as, <ex>nutritional</ex> changes</as>.</def>

<h1>Nutritious</h1>
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<hw>Nu*tri"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nutricius</ets>, <ets>nutritius</ets>, from <ets>nutrix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, a nurse, <ets>nutrire</ets> to nourish. See <er>Nurse</er>, <er>Nourish</er>.]</ety> <def>Nourishing; promoting growth, or preventing decay; alimental.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Nu*tri"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Nu*tri"tious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Nutritive</h1>
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<hw>Nu"tri*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nutritif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to nutrition; <as>as, the <ex>nutritive</ex> functions</as>; having the quality of nourishing; nutritious; nutrimental; alimental; <as>as, <ex>nutritive</ex> food or berries</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Nutritive plasma</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Idioplasma</er>.</cd> -- <col>Nutritive polyp</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of the zooids of a compound hydroid, or coral, which has a mouth and digestive cavity.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Nu"tri*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Nu"tri*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Nutriture</h1>
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<hw>Nu"tri*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nutritura</ets>, fr. <ets>nutrir<?/</ets> to nourish.]</ety> <def>Nutrition; nourishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Nutshell</h1>
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<hw>Nut"shell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The shell or hard external covering in which the kernel of a nut is inclosed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, a thing of little compass, or of little value.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A shell of the genus Nucula.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To</col> <col>be, &or; lie</col>, <col>in a nutshell</col></mcol>, <cd>to be within a small compass; to admit of very brief or simple determination or statement. "The remedy <i>lay in a nutshell<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Nutter</h1>
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<hw>Nut"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gatherer of nuts.</def>

<h1>Nutting</h1>
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<hw>Nut"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of gathering nuts.</def>

<h1>Nutty</h1>
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<hw>Nut"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abounding in nuts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a flavor like that of nuts; <as>as, <ex>nutty</ex> wine</as>.</def>

<h1>Nux vomica</h1>
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<hw>Nux` vom"i*ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>nux</ets> <?/ nut + <ets>vomere</ets> to vomit.]</ety> <def>The seed of <spn>Strychnos Nuxvomica</spn>, a tree which abounds on the Malabar and Coromandel coasts of the East Indies. From this seed the deadly poisons known as <i>strychnine</i> and <i>brucine</i> are obtained. The seeds are sometimes called <i>Quaker buttons</i>.</def>

<h1>Nuzzle</h1>
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<hw>Nuz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Nuzzied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Nuzzling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Noursle</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To noursle or nurse; to foster; to bring up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The people had been <b>nuzzled</b> in idolatry.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Perh. a corruption of <ets>nestle</ets>. Cf. <er>Nustle</er>.]</ety> <def>To nestle; to house, as in a nest.</def>

<hr>
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Page 988<p>

<h1>Nuzzle</h1>
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<hw>Nuz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Dim. fr. <ets>nose</ets>. See <er>Nozzle</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To work with the nose, like a swine in the mud.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>nuzzling</b> in his flank, the loving swine
Sheathed, unaware, the tusk in his soft groin.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He charged through an army of lawyers, sometimes . . . <b>nuzzling</b> like an eel in the mud.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To go with head poised like a swine, with nose down.</def>

<blockquote>Sir Roger shook his ears, and <b>nuzzled</b> along.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Nuzzle</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 2.]</ety> <def>To hide the head, as a child in the mother's bosom; to nestle.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To loiter; to idle.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Ny</h1>
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<hw>Ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>ne I</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not I; nor I.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ny, Nye</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ny</hw>, <hw>Nye</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Nigh.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Nyas</h1>
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<hw>Ny"as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Nias</er>.</def>

<h1>Nyctalopia</h1>
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<hw>Nyc`ta*lo"pi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nyctalopia</ets>, fr. <ets>nyctalops</ets> a nyctalops, Gr. <?/. Gr. <?/ meant, a person affected either with day blindness or with night blindness, and in the former case was derived fr. <?/, <?/, night + <?/, <?/, the eye; in the latter, fr. <?/ + <?/ blind + <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A disease of the eye, in consequence of which the patient can see well in a faint light or at twilight, but is unable to see during the day or in a strong light; day blindness.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>See <er>Moonblink</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; Some writers (as Quain) use the word in the opposite sense, night blindness. See <er>Hemeralopia</er>.</note>

<h1>Nyctalops</h1>
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<hw>Nyc"ta*lops</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>One afflicted with nyctalopia.</def>

<h1>Nyctalopy</h1>
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<hw>Nyc"ta*lo`py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Nyctalopia</er>.</def>

<h1>Nycthemeron</h1>
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<hw>Nyc*the"me*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, night + <?/ day.]</ety> <def>The natural day and night, or space of twenty-four hours.</def>

<h1>Nyctibune</h1>
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<hw>Nyc"ti*bune</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American bird of the genus <spn>Nyctibius</spn>, allied to the goatsuckers.</def>

<h1>Nyctitropic</h1>
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<hw>Nyc`ti*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/, <?/, night + <?/ turning.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Turning or bending at night into special positions.</def>

<note>&hand; Nyctitropic movements of plants usually consist in a folding or drooping of the leaves, the advantage being in lessening the radiation of heat.</note>

<h1>Nyctophile</h1>
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<hw>Nyc"to*phile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, night + <?/ to love.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any Australian bat of the genus <spn>Nyctophilus</spn>, having a very simple nasal appendage.</def>

<h1>Nye</h1>
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<hw>Nye</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. F. <ets>nid</ets> nest, brood, L. <ets>nidus</ets> nest. See <er>Nest</er>, and cf. <er>Eye</er> brood, <er>Nide</er>.]</ety> <def>A brood or flock of pheasants.</def>

<h1>Nyentek</h1>
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<hw>Ny*en"tek</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carnivorous mannual (<spn>Helictis moscatus</spn>, or <spn>H. orientalis</spn>), native of Eastern Asia and the Indies. It has a dorsal white stripe, and another one across the shoulders. It has a strong musky odor.</def>

<h1>Nylghau, Nylgau</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nyl"ghau</hw>, <hw>Nyl"gau</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. & Per. <ets>n\'c6lg\'bew</ets>, prop., a blue cow; Per. <ets>n\'c6l</ets> blue + <ets>g\'bew</ets> cow. See <er>Lilac</er>, and <er>Cow</er> the animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large Asiatic antelope (<spn>Boselaphus, &or; Portax, tragocamelus</spn>), found in Northern India. It has short horns, a black mane, and a bunch of long hair on the throat. The general color is grayish brown.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>neelghau</asp>, <asp>nilgau</asp>, and <asp>nylghaie</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Nymph</h1>
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<hw>Nymph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>nympha</ets> nymph, bride, young woman, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>nymphe</ets>. Cf. <er>Nuptial</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A goddess of the mountains, forests, meadows, or waters.</def>

<blockquote>Where were ye, <b>nymphs</b>, when the remorseless deep
Closed o'er the head of your loved Lycidas ?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A lovely young girl; a maiden; a damsel.</def>

<blockquote><b>Nymph</b>, in thy orisons
Be all my sins remembered.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pupa of an insect; a chrysalis.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of a subfamily (<spn>Najades</spn>) of butterflies including the purples, the fritillaries, the peacock butterfly, etc.; -- called also <altname>naiad</altname>.</def>

<h1>Nympha</h1>
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<hw>Nym"pha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Nymph<?/</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Nymph</er> a goddess.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Nymph</er>, 3.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Two folds of mucous membrane, within the labia, at the opening of the vulva.</def>

<h1>Nymph\'91a</h1>
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<hw>Nym*ph\'91"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the water lily, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of aquatic plants having showy flowers (white, blue, pink, or yellow, often fragrant), including the white water lily and the Egyptia lotus.</def>

<note>&hand; Recent critics have endeavored to show that this genus should be called <spn>Castalia</spn>, and the name <spn>Nymph\'91a</spn> transferred to what is now known as <spn>Nuphar</spn>.</note>

<h1>Nymphal</h1>
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<hw>Nymph"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a nymph or nymphs; nymphean.</def>

<h1>Nymphales</h1>
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<hw>Nym*pha"les</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive family of butterflies including the nymphs, the satyrs, the monarchs, the heliconias, and others; -- called also <altname>brush-footed butterflies</altname>.</def>

<h1>Nymphean</h1>
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<hw>Nym*phe"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Nymph</er>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or appropriate to, nymphs; inhabited by nymphs; <as>as, a <ex>nymphean</ex> cave</as>.</def>

<h1>Nymphet</h1>
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<hw>Nymph"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little or young nymph.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark> "The <i>nymphets</i> sporting there."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Nymphic, Nymphical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nymph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nymph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bridal.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to nymphs.</def>

<h1>Nymphiparous</h1>
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<hw>Nym*phip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nymph</ets> + L. <ets>parere</ets> to produce.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Producing pupas or nymphs.</def>

<h1>Nymphish</h1>
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<hw>Nymph"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to nymphs; ladylike.</def> "<i>Nymphish</i> war."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Nymphlike, Nymphly</h1>
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<hw><hw>Nymph"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Nymph"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling, or characteristic of, a nymph.</def>

<h1>Nympholepsy</h1>
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<hw>Nym"pho*lep`sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a nymph + <?/ to seize.]</ety> <def>A species of demoniac enthusiasm or possession coming upon one who had accidentally looked upon a nymph; ecstasy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>nympholepsy</b> of some fond despair.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Nympholeptic</h1>
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<hw>Nym`pho*lep"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Under the influence of nympholepsy; ecstatic; frenzied.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<h1>Nymphomania</h1>
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<hw>Nym`pho*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a bride + <?/ madness.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Morbid and uncontrollable sexual desire in women, constituting a true disease.</def>

<h1>Nymphomany</h1>
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<hw>Nym"pho*ma`ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>nymphomanie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Nymphomania</er>.</def>

<h1>Nymphotomy</h1>
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<hw>Nym*phot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Nympha</ets> + Gr. <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Excision of the nymph\'91.</def>

<h1>Nys</h1>
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<hw>Nys</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Is not. See <er>Nis</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Nystagmus</h1>
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<hw>Nys*tag"mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ drowsiness, fr. <?/ to nod in sleep, to slumber.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A rapid involuntary oscillation of the eyeballs.</def>

<h1>Nyula</h1>
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<hw>Ny*u"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of ichneumon (<spn>Herpestes nyula</spn>). Its fur is beautifully variegated by closely set zigzag markings.</def>


<centered><point26>O.</point26></centered>

<h1>O</h1>
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<hw>O</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>.  <p><b>1.</b> <def>O, the fifteenth letter of the English alphabet, derives its form, value, and name from the Greek O, through the Latin. The letter came into the Greek from the Ph&oe;nician, which possibly derived it ultimately from the Egyptian. Etymologically, the letter <it>o</it> is most closely related to <it>a</it>, <it>e</it>, and <it>u</it>; as in E. b<it>o</it>ne, AS. b<it>\'be</it>n; E. st<it>o</it>ne, AS. st<it>\'be</it>n; E. br<it>o</it>ke, AS. br<it>e</it>can to break; E. b<it>o</it>re, AS. b<it>e</it>ran to bear; E. d<it>o</it>ve, AS. d<it>&umac;</it>fe; E. t<it>o</it>ft, t<it>u</it>ft; t<it>o</it>ne, t<it>u</it>ne; n<it>u</it>mber, F. n<it>o</it>mbre.</def>

The letter <it>o</it> has several vowel sounds, the principal of which are its long sound, as in <i>bone</i>, its short sound, as in <i>nod</i>, and the sounds heard in the words <i>orb</i>, <i>son</i>, <i>do</i> (<i>feod</i>), and <i>wolf</i> (<i>book</i>). In connection with the other vowels it forms several digraphs and diphthongs. See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 107-129.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Among the ancients, O was a mark of triple time, from the notion that the ternary, or number 3, is the most perfect of numbers, and properly expressed by a circle, the most perfect figure.</def>

O was also anciently used to represent 11: with a dash over it (<Omac/), 11,000.

<h1>O</h1>
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<hw>O</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>O's</plw> &or; <plw>Oes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The letter O, or its sound.</def> "Mouthing out his hollow <i>oes</i> and aes."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something shaped like the letter O; a circle or oval.</def> "This wooden <i>O</i> [Globe Theater]".

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A cipher; zero.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou art an <b>O</b> without a figure.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>O'.</h1>
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<hw>O'.</hw> <ety>[Ir. <ets>o</ets> a descendant.]</ety> <def>A prefix to Irish family names, which signifies <i>grandson</i> or <i>descendant</i> of, and is a character of dignity; <as>as, <ex>O'</ex>Neil, <ex>O'</ex>Carrol</as>.</def>

<h1>O'</h1>
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<hw>O'</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>A shortened form of <i>of</i> or <i>on</i>.</def> "At the turning <i>o'</i> the tide."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>O</h1>
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<hw>O</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>One</er>.]</ety> <def>One.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>. "Alle thre but <i>o</i> God." <i>Piers Plowman</i>.

<h1>O</h1>
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<hw>O</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>An exclamation used in calling or directly addressing a person or personified object; also, as an emotional or impassioned exclamation expressing pain, grief, surprise, desire, fear, etc.</def>

<blockquote>For ever, <b>O</b> Lord, thy word is settled in heaven.
<i>Ps. cxix. 89.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>O</b> how love I thy law ! it is my meditation all the day.
<i>Ps. cxix. 97.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>O</i> is frequently followed by an ellipsis and <i>that</i>, an in expressing a wish: "<i>O</i> [I wish] that Ishmael might live before thee !" <i>Gen. xvii. 18</i>; or in expressions of surprise, indignation, or regret: "<i>O</i> [it is sad] that such eyes should e'er meet other object !"</note>

<i>Sheridan Knowles.</i>

<note>&hand; A distinction between the use of <i>O</i> and <i>oh</i> is insisted upon by some, namely, that <i>O</i> should be used only in direct address to a person or personified object, and should never be followed by the exclamation point, while <i>Oh</i> (or <i>oh</i>) should be used in exclamations where no direct appeal or address to an object is made, and may be followed by the exclamation point or not, according to the nature or construction of the sentence. Some insist that <i>oh</i> should be used only as an interjection expressing strong feeling. The form <i>O</i>, however, is, it seems, the one most commonly employed for both uses by modern writers and correctors for the press. "<i>O</i>, I am slain !" <i>Shak</i>. "<i>O</i> what a fair and ministering angel !" "<i>O</i> sweet angel !" <i>Longfellow</i>.</note>

<blockquote><b>O</b> for a kindling touch from that pure flame !
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But she is in her grave, -- and <b>oh</b>
The difference to me !
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Oh</b> for a lodge in some vast wilderness !
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We should distinguish between the sign of the vocative and the emotional interjection, writing <b>O</b> for the former, and <b>oh</b> for the latter.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>O dear</col>, &and; <col>O dear me!</col></mcol> <ety>[corrupted fr. F. <ets>O Dieu<ets>! or It. <ets>O Dio<ets>! O God! <ets>O Dio mio<ets>! O my God! <i>Wyman</i>]</ety>, <cd>exclamations expressive of various emotions, but usually promoted by surprise, consternation, grief, pain, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oad</h1>
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<hw>Oad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Woad</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Coles.</i>

<h1>Oaf</h1>
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<hw>Oaf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Auf</er>.]</ety> <def>Originally, an elf's child; a changeling left by fairies or goblins; hence, a deformed or foolish child; a simpleton; an idiot.</def>

<h1>Oafish</h1>
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<hw>Oaf"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like an oaf; simple.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Oaf"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Oak</h1>
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<hw>Oak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>oke</ets>, <ets>ok</ets>, <ets>ak</ets>, AS. <ets>\'bec</ets>; akin to D. <ets>eik</ets>, G. <ets>eiche</ets>, OHG. <ets>eih</ets>, Icel. <ets>eik</ets>, Sw. <ets>ek</ets>, Dan. <ets>eeg</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any tree or shrub of the genus <spn>Quercus</spn>. The oaks have alternate leaves, often variously lobed, and staminate flowers in catkins. The fruit is a smooth nut, called an <i>acorn</i>, which is more or less inclosed in a scaly involucre called the <i>cup</i> or <i>cupule</i>. There are now recognized about three hundred species, of which nearly fifty occur in the United States, the rest in Europe, Asia, and the other parts of North America, a very few barely reaching the northern parts of South America and Africa. Many of the oaks form forest trees of grand proportions and live many centuries. The wood is usually hard and tough, and provided with conspicuous medullary rays, forming the silver grain.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The strong wood or timber of the oak.</def>

<note>&hand; Among the true oaks in America are: <col>Barren oak</col>, <i>or</i> <col>Black-jack</col>, <spn>Q. nigra</spn>. -- <col>Basket oak</col>, <spn>Q. Michauxii</spn>. -- <col>Black oak</col>, <spn>Q. tinctoria</spn>: -- called also <altname>yellow</altname> or <altname>quercitron oak</altname>. -- <col>Bur oak</col> (see under <er>Bur</er>.), <spn>Q. macrocarpa</spn>; -- called also <altname>over-cup</altname> or <altname>mossy-cup oak</altname>. -- <col>Chestnut oak</col>, <spn>Q. Prinus</spn> and <spn>Q. densiflora</spn>. -- <col>Chinquapin oak</col> (see under <er>Chinquapin</er>), <spn>Q. prinoides</spn>. -- <col>Coast live oak</col>, <spn>Q. agrifolia</spn>, of California; -- also called <altname>enceno</altname>. -- <col>Live oak</col> (see under <er>Live</er>), <spn>Q. virens</spn>, the best of all for shipbuilding; also, <spn>Q. Chrysolepis</spn>, of California. -- <col>Pin oak</col>. Same as <cref>Swamp oak</cref>. -- <col>Post oak</col>, <spn>Q. obtusifolia</spn>. -- <col>Red oak</col>, <spn>Q. rubra</spn>. -- <col>Scarlet oak</col>, <spn>Q. coccinea</spn>. -- <col>Scrub oak</col>, <spn>Q. ilicifolia</spn>, <spn>Q. undulata</spn>, etc. -- <col>Shingle oak</col>, <spn>Q. imbricaria</spn>. -- <col>Spanish oak</col>, <spn>Q. falcata</spn>. -- <col>Swamp Spanish oak</col>, <i>or</i> <col>Pin oak</col>, <spn>Q. palustris</spn>. -- <col>Swamp white oak</col>, <spn>Q. bicolor</spn>. -- <col>Water oak</col>, <spn>Q. aguatica</spn>. -- <col>Water white oak</col>, <spn>Q. lyrata</spn>. -- <col>Willow oak</col>, <spn>Q. Phellos</spn>.

    Among the true oaks in Europe are: <col>Bitter oak</col>, &or; <col>Turkey oak</col>, <spn>Q. Cerris</spn> (see <er>Cerris</er>). -- <col>Cork oak</col>, <spn>Q. Suber</spn>. -- <col>English white oak</col>, <spn>Q. Robur</spn>. -- <col>Evergreen oak</col>, <col>Holly oak</col>, &or; <col>Holm oak</col>, <spn>Q. Ilex</spn>. -- <col>Kermes oak</col>, <spn>Q. coccifera</spn>. -- <col>Nutgall oak</col>, <spn>Q. infectoria</spn>.</note>

<note>&hand; Among plants called <i>oak</i>, but not of the genus <spn>Quercus</spn>, are: <col>African oak</col>, a valuable timber tree (<spn>Oldfieldia Africana</spn>). -- <mcol><col>Australian, &or; She</col>, <col>oak</col></mcol>, any tree of the genus <spn>Casuarina</spn> (see <er>Casuarina</er>). -- <col>Indian oak</col>, the teak tree (see <er>Teak</er>). -- <col>Jerusalem oak</col>. See under <er>Jerusalem</er>. -- <col>New Zealand oak</col>, a sapindaceous tree (<spn>Alectryon excelsum</spn>). -- <col>Poison oak</col>, the poison ivy. See under <er>Poison</er>. -- <mcol><col>Silky, &or; Silk-bark</col>, <col>oak</col></mcol>, an Australian tree (<spn>Grevillea robusta</spn>).</note>

<cs><col>Green oak</col>, <cd>oak wood colored green by the growth of the mycelium of certain fungi.</cd> -- <col>Oak apple</col>, <cd>a large, smooth, round gall produced on the leaves of the American red oak by a gallfly (<spn>Cynips confluens</spn>). It is green and pulpy when young.</cd> -- <col>Oak beauty</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a British geometrid moth (<spn>Biston prodromaria</spn>) whose larva feeds on the oak.</cd> -- <col>Oak gall</col>, <cd>a gall found on the oak. See 2d <er>Gall</er>.</cd> -- <col>Oak leather</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the mycelium of a fungus which forms leatherlike patches in the fissures of oak wood.</cd> -- <col>Oak pruner</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Pruner</er>, the insect.</cd> -- <col>Oak spangle</col>, <cd>a kind of gall produced on the oak by the insect <spn>Diplolepis lenticularis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Oak wart</col>, <cd>a wartlike gall on the twigs of an oak.</cd> -- <col>The Oaks</col>, <cd>one of the three great annual English horse races (the Derby and St. Leger being the others). It was instituted in 1779 by the Earl of Derby, and so called from his estate.</cd> -- <col>To sport one's oak</col>, <cd>to be "not at home to visitors," signified by closing the outer (oaken) door of one's rooms. <mark>[Cant, Eng. Univ.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Oaken</h1>
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<hw>Oak"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'becen</ets>.]</ety> <def>Made or consisting of oaks or of the wood of oaks.</def> "In <i>oaken</i> bower."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote><b>Oaken</b> timber, wherewith to build ships.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oaker</h1>
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<hw>Oak"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ocher</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Oakling</h1>
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<hw>Oak"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A young oak.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<hr>
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Page 989<p>

<h1>Oakum</h1>
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<hw>Oak"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'becumba</ets>; pref. <?/ (cf.G. <ets>er-</ets>, Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, orig. meaning, out) + <ets>cemban</ets> to comb, <ets>camb</ets> comb. See <er>Comb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The material obtained by untwisting and picking into loose fiber old hemp ropes; -- used for calking the seams of ships, stopping leaks, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The coarse portion separated from flax or hemp in nackling.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<cs><col>White oakum</col>, <cd>that made from untarred rope.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oaky</h1>
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<hw>Oak"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Resembling oak; strong.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Oar</h1>
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<hw>Oar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'ber</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>\'ber</ets>, Dan. <ets>aare</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'86ra</ets>; perh. akin to E. <ets>row</ets>, v. Cf. <er>Rowlock</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An implement for impelling a boat, being a slender piece of timber, usually ash or spruce, with a grip or handle at one end and a broad blade at the other. The part which rests in the rowlock is called the <i>loom</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; An oar is a kind of long paddle, which swings about a kind of fulcrum, called a <i>rowlock</i>, fixed to the side of the boat.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An oarsman; a rower; <as>as, he is a good <ex>car</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An oarlike swimming organ of various invertebrates.</def>

<cs><col>Oar cock</col> <sd>(Zo\'94l)</sd>, <cd>the water rail.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Spoon oar</col>, <cd>an oar having the blade so curved as to afford a better hold upon the water in rowing.</cd> -- <col>To boat the oars</col>, <cd>to cease rowing, and lay the oars in the boat.</cd> -- <col>To feather the oars</col>. <cd>See under <er>Feather</er>.</cd>, <tt>v. t.</tt> -- <col>To lie on the oars</col></mcol>, <cd>to cease pulling, raising the oars out of water, but not boating them; to cease from work of any kind; to be idle; to rest.</cd> -- <col>To muffle the oars</col>, <cd>to put something round that part which rests in the rowlock, to prevent noise in rowing.</cd> -- <col>To put in one's oar</col>, <cd>to give aid or advice; -- commonly used of a person who obtrudes aid or counsel not invited.</cd> -- <col>To ship the oars</col>, <cd>to place them in the rowlocks.</cd> -- <col>To toss the oars</col>, <cd>To peak the oars, to lift them from the rowlocks and hold them perpendicularly, the handle resting on the bottom of the boat.</cd> -- <col>To trail oars</col>, <cd>to allow them to trail in the water alongside of the boat.</cd> -- <col>To unship the oars</col>, <cd>to take them out of the rowlocks.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oar</h1>
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<hw>Oar</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Oared</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Oaring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To row.</def> "<i>Oared</i> himself."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Oared with laboring arms.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oared</h1>
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<hw>Oared</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Furnished with oars; -- chiefly used in composition; <as>as, a four-<ex>oared</ex> boat</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having feet adapted for swimming.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Totipalmate; -- said of the feet of certain birds. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Aves</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Oared shrew</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,  <cd>an aquatic European shrew (<spn>Crossopus ciliatus</spn>); -- called also <altname>black water shrew</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oatcake</h1>
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<hw>Oat"cake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cake made of oatmeal.</def>

<h1>Oaten</h1>
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<hw>Oat"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of an oat straw or stem; <as>as, an <ex>oaten</ex> pipe</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Made of oatmeal; <as>as, <ex>oaten</ex> cakes</as>.</def>

<h1>Oath</h1>
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<hw>Oath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Oaths</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>othe</ets>, <ets>oth</ets>, <ets>ath</ets>, AS. <ets>\'be<?/</ets>; akin to D. <ets>eed</ets>, OS. <ets>\'c7<?/</ets>, G. <ets>eid</ets>, Icel. <ets>ei<?/r</ets>, Sw. <ets>ed</ets>, Dan. <ets>eed</ets>, Goth. <ets>ai<?/s</ets>; cf. OIr. <ets>oeth</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A solemn affirmation or declaration, made with a reverent appeal to God for the truth of what is affirmed.</def> "I have an <i>oath</i> in heaven"

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>An <b>oath</b> of secrecy for the concealing of those [inventions] which we think fit to keep secret.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A solemn affirmation, connected with a sacred object, or one regarded as sacred, as the temple, the altar, the blood of Abel, the Bible, the Koran, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An appeal (in verification of a statement made) to a superior sanction, in such a form as exposes the party making the appeal to an indictment for perjury if the statement be false.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A careless and blasphemous use of the name of the divine Being, or anything divine or sacred, by way of appeal or as a profane exclamation or ejaculation; an expression of profane swearing.</def> "A terrible <i>oath</i>"

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Oathable</h1>
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<hw>Oath"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of having an oath administered to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Oathbreaking</h1>
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<hw>Oath"break`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The violation of an oath; perjury.</def>

<i>Shak</i>

<h1>Oatmeal</h1>
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<hw>Oat"meal`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Meal made of oats.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Panicum</spn>; panic grass.</def>

<h1>Ob-</h1>
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<hw>Ob-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>ob</ets>, prep. Cf. <er>Epi-</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying to, <i>toward</i>, <i>before</i>, <i>against</i>, <i>reversely</i>, etc.; also, as a simple intensive; as in <i>oblige</i>, to bind to; obstacle, something standing before; object, lit., to throw against; obovate, reversely, ovate. <i>Ob-</i> is commonly assimilated before <i>c</i>, <i>f</i>, <i>g</i>, and <i>p</i>, to <i>oc-</i>, <i>of-</i>, <i>og-</i>, and <i>op-</i>.</def>

<h1>Obcompressed</h1>
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<hw>Ob"com*pressed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ob-</ets> + <ets>compressed</ets>.]</ety> <def>Compressed or flattened antero-posteriorly, or in a way opposite to the usual one.</def>

<h1>Obconic, Obconical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ob*con"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ob*con"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ob-</ets> + <ets>conic</ets>, <ets>conical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Conical, but having the apex downward; inversely conical.</def>

<h1>Obcordate</h1>
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<hw>Ob*cor"date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ob-</ets> + <ets>cordate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Heart-shaped, with the attachment at the pointed end; inversely cordate: as, an <i>obcordate</i> petal or leaf.</def>

<h1>Obdiplostemonous</h1>
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<hw>Ob*dip`lo*stem"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ob-</ets> + <ets> diplostemonous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having twice as many stamens as petals, those of the outer set being opposite the petals; -- said of flowers.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Obdiplostemony</h1>
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<hw>Ob*dip"lo*stem"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The condition of being obdiplostemonous.</def>

<h1>Obdormition</h1>
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<hw>Ob"dor*mi"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obdormire</ets> to fall asleep.]</ety> <def>Sleep.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Obduce</h1>
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<hw>Ob*duce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obducere</ets>, <ets>obductum</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see Ob-) + <ets>ducere</ets> to lead.]</ety> <def>To draw over, as a covering.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Obduct</h1>
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<hw>Ob*duct"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Obduce</er>.]</ety> <def>To draw over; to cover.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Obduction</h1>
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<hw>Ob*duc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>obductio</ets>.]</ety> <def>.The act of drawing or laying over, as a covering.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Obduracy</h1>
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<hw>Ob"du*ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The duality or state of being obdurate; invincible hardness of heart; obstinacy.</def> "<i>Obduracy</i> and persistency."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The absolute completion of sin in final <b>obduracy</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obdurate</h1>
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<hw>Ob"du*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obduratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>obdurare</ets> to harden; <ets>ob</ets> (see Ob-)+ <ets>durare</ets> to harden, <ets>durus</ets> hard. See <er>Dure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hardened in feelings, esp. against moral or mollifying influences; unyielding; hard-hearted; stubbornly wicked.</def>

<blockquote>The very custom of evil makes the heart <b>obdurate</b> against whatsoever instructions to the contrary.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Art thou <b>obdurate</b>, flinty, hard as steel, Nay, more than flint, for stone at rain relenteth?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hard; harsh; rugged; rough; intractable.</def> "<i>Obdurate</i> consonants."

<i>Swift.</i>

<note>&hand; Sometimes accented on the second syllable, especially by the older poets.</note>

<blockquote>There is no flesh in man's <b>obdurate</b> heart.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Hard; firm; unbending; inflexible; unyielding; stubborn; obstinate; impenitent; callous; unfeeling; insensible; unsusceptible.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Obdurate</er>, <er>Callous</er>, <er>Hardened</er>. <i>Callous</i> denotes a deadening of the sensibilities; as. a <i>callous</i> conscience. <i>Hardened</i> implies a general and settled disregard for the claims of interest, duty, and sympathy; as, <i>hardened</i> in vice. <i>Obdurate</i> implies an active resistance of the heart and will aganst the pleadings of compassion and humanity.</usage>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ob"du*rate*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ob"du*rate*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Obdurate</h1>
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<hw>Ob"du*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To harden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Obduration</h1>
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<hw>Ob"du*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obduratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hardening of the heart; hardness of heart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Obdure</h1>
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<hw>Ob*dure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To harden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Obdure, Obdured</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ob*dure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ob*dured"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Obdurate; hard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This saw his hapless foes, but stood <b>obdured</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obdureness, n., Obduredness</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ob*dure"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Ob*dur"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><hw> <def>Hardness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Obbe</h1>
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<hw>Ob"be</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Obi</er>.</def>

<h1>Obeah</h1>
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<hw>O*be"ah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Obi</er>.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to obi; <as>as, the <ex>obeah</ex> man</as>.</def></def2>

<i>B. Edwards.</i>

<h1>Obedible</h1>
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<hw>O*be"di*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Obedient.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Obedience</h1>
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<hw>O*be"di*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ob\'82dience</ets>, L. <ets>obedientia</ets>, <ets>oboedientia</ets>. See <er>Obedient</er>, and cf.<er>Obeisance</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of obeying, or the state of being obedient; compliance with that which is required by authority; subjection to rightful restraint or control.</def>

<blockquote>Government must compel the <b>obedience</b> of individuals.
<i>Ames.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Words or actions denoting submission to authority; dutifulness.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A following; a body of adherents; <as>as, the Roman Catholic <ex>obedience</ex>, or the whole body of persons who submit to the authority of the pope</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A cell (or offshoot of a larger monastery) governed by a prior.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>One of the three monastic vows.</def> <i>Shipley</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The written precept of a superior in a religious order or congregation to a subject.</def>

<cs><col>Canonical obedience</col>. <cd>See under <er>Canonical</er>.</cd> -- <col>Passive obedience</col>. <cd>See under <er>Passive</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Obedienciary</h1>
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<hw>O*be`di*en"ci*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One yielding obedience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Obedient</h1>
<Xpage=989>

<hw>O*be"di*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>obedient</ets>, L. <ets>obediens</ets>, <ets>oboediens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>. p.pr. of <ets>obedire</ets>, <ets>oboedire</ets>, to obey. See <er>Obey</er>.]</ety> <def>Subject in will or act to authority; willing to obey; submissive to restraint, control, or command.</def>

<blockquote>And floating straight, <b>obedient</b> to the stream.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The chief his orders gives; the <b>obedient</b> band,
With due observance, wait the chief's command.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Dutiful; respectful; compliant; submissive.</syn>

<h1>Obediential</h1>
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<hw>O*be`di*en"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ob\'82dientiel</ets>.]</ety> <def>According to the rule of obedience.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>An <b>obediental</b> subjection to the Lord of Nature.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obediently</h1>
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<hw>O*be"di*ent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an obedient manner; with obedience.</def>

<h1>Obeisance</h1>
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<hw>O*bei"sance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ob\'82issance</ets> obedience, fr. <ets>ob\'82issant</ets>. See <er>Obey</er>, and cf. <er>Obedience</er>, <er>Abaisance</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Obedience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A manifestation of obedience; an expression of difference or respect; homage; a bow; a courtesy.</def>

<blockquote>Bathsheba bowed and did <b>obeisance</b> unto the king.
<i>1 Kings i. 16.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obeisancy</h1>
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<hw>O*bei"san*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Obeisance</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Obeisant</h1>
<Xpage=989>

<hw>O*bei"sant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ob\'82issant</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>ob\'82ir</ets> to obey.]</ety> <def>Ready to obey; reverent; differential; also, servilely submissive.</def>

<h1>Obelion</h1>
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<hw>O*be"li*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a spit.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The region of the skull between the two parietal foramina where the closure of the sagittal suture usually begins.</def>

<h1>Obeliscal</h1>
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<hw>Ob`e*lis"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed like an obelisk.</def>

<h1>Obelisk</h1>
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<hw>Ob"e*lisk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obeliscus</ets>, Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/ a spit, a pointed pillar: cf. F. <ets>ob\'82lisque</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An upright, four-sided pillar, gradually tapering as it rises, and terminating in a pyramid called <i>pyramidion</i>. It is ordinarily monolithic. Egyptian obelisks are commonly covered with hieroglyphic writing from top to bottom.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A mark of reference; -- called also <altname>dagger</altname> [&dag;]. See <er>Dagger</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Obelisk</h1>
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<hw>Ob"e*lisk</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Obelisked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Obelisking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To mark or designate with an obelisk.</def>

<h1>Obelize</h1>
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<hw>Ob"e*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Obelized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Obelizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/. See <er>Obelus</er>.]</ety> <def>To designate with an obelus; to mark as doubtful or spirituous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Obelus</h1>
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<hw>Ob"e*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Obeli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, prop., a spit.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A mark [thus &mdash;, or \'f6]; -- so called as resembling a needle. In old MSS. or editions of the classics, it marks suspected passages or readings.</def>

<h1>Obequitate</h1>
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<hw>Ob*eq"ui*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obequitatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>obequitare</ets> to ride about.]</ety> <def>To ride about.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Ob*eq`ui*ta"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Cockerman.</i>

<h1>Oberon</h1>
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<hw>Ob"er*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. OF. <ets>Auberon</ets>; prob. of Frankish origin.]</ety> <fld>(Medi\'91val Mythol.)</fld> <def>The king of the fairies, and husband of Titania or Queen Mab.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Oberration</h1>
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<hw>Ob`er*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oberrate</ets> to wander about.]</ety> <def>A wandering about.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jonhson.</i>

<h1>Obese</h1>
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<hw>O*bese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obesus</ets> eaten away, lean; also, that has eaten itself fat, fat, stout, p.p. of <ets>obedere</ets> to devour; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>edere</ets> to eat. See <er>Eat</er>.]</ety> <def>Excessively corpulent; fat; fleshy.</def>

<h1>Obeseness</h1>
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<hw>O*bese"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being obese; obesity.</def>

<h1>Obesity</h1>
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<hw>O*bes"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>obesitas</ets>: cf.F. <ets>ob\'82sit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being obese; incumbrance of flesh.</def>

<h1>Obey</h1>
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<hw>O*bey"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Obeyed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Obeying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>obeyen</ets>, F. <ets>ob\'82ir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>obedire</ets>, <ets>oboedire</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see Ob-) + <ets>audire</ets> to hear. See <er>Audible</er>, and cf. <er>Obeisance</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give ear to; to execute the commands of; to yield submission to; to comply with the orders of.</def>

<blockquote>Children, <b>obey</b> your parents in the Lord.
<i>Eph. vi. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Was she the God, that her thou didst <b>obey</b>?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To submit to the authority of; to be ruled by</def>.

<blockquote>My will <b>obeyed</b> his will.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Afric and India shall his power <b>obey</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To yield to the impulse, power, or operation <i>of</i>; <as>as, a ship <ex>obeys</ex> her helm</as>.</def>

<h1>Obey</h1>
<Xpage=989>

<hw>O*bey"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To give obedience.</def>

<blockquote>Will he <b>obey</b> when one commands?
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; By some old writers <i>obey</i> was used, as in the French idiom, with the preposition <i>to</i>.</note>

<blockquote>His servants ye are, <b>to</b> whom ye <b>obey</b>.
<i>Rom. vi. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He commanded the trumpets to sound: <b>to</b> which the two brave knights <b>obeying</b>, they performed their courses.
<i>Sir. P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obeyer</h1>
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<hw>O*bey"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who yields obedience.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Obeyingly</h1>
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<hw>O*bey"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Obediently; submissively.</def>

<h1>Obfirm, Obfirmate</h1>
<Xpage=989>

<hw><hw>Ob*firm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ob*firm"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obfirmatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>obfirmare</ets> to make steadfast. See <er>Ob-</er>, and <er>Firm</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To make firm; to harden in resolution.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall. Sheldon.</i>

<h1>Obfirmation</h1>
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<hw>Ob"fir*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>obfirmatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hardness of heart; obduracy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Obfuscate</h1>
<Xpage=989>

<hw>Ob*fus"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obfuscatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>obfuscare</ets> to darken; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>fuscare</ets>, <ets>fuscatum</ets>, to darken, from <ets>fuscus</ets> dark.]</ety> <def>Obfuscated; darkened; obscured.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>offuscate</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Sir. T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Obfuscate</h1>
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<hw>Ob*fus"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Obfuscated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Obfuscating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To darken; to obscure; to becloud; hence, to confuse; to bewilder.</def>

<blockquote>His head, like a smokejack, the funnel unswept, and the ideas whirling round and round about in it, all <b>obfuscated</b> and darkened over with fuliginous matter.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Clouds of passion which might <b>obfuscate</b> the intellects of meaner females.
<i>Sir. W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="990">
Page 990<p>

<h1>Obfuscation</h1>
<Xpage=990>

<hw>Ob`fus*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obfuscatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of darkening or bewildering; the state of being darkened.</def> "<i>Obfuscation</i> of the cornea."

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Obi</h1>
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<hw>O"bi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. of African origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A species of sorcery, probably of African origin, practiced among the negroes of the West Indies.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>obe</asp> and <asp>obeah</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>De Quincey.</i>  <i>B. Edwards.</i>

<-- 2. (Japanese) a belt-like sash worn around a woman's kimono -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A charm or fetich.</def> <mark>[West Indies]</mark>

<i>B. Edwards.</i>

<h1>Obimbricate</h1>
<Xpage=990>

<hw>Ob*im"bri*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ob-</ets> + imbricate.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Imbricated, with the overlapping ends directed downward.</def>

<h1>Obit</h1>
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<hw>O"bit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>obit</ets>, L. <ets>obitus</ets>, fr. <ets>obire</ets> to go against, to go to meet, (sc.<ets>mortem</ets>) to die; <ets>ob</ets> (see Ob-) + <ets>ire</ets> to go. See <er>Issue</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Death; decease; the date of one's death.</def>

<i>Wood.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A funeral solemnity or office; obsequies.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A service for the soul of a deceased person on the anniversary of the day of his death.</def>

<blockquote>The emoluments and advantages from oblations, <b>obits</b>, and other sources, increased in value.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Post obit</col> <ety>[L. <ets>post obitum<ets>]</ety>. <cd>See <er>Post-obit</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Obiter</h1>
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<hw>Ob"i*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[L., on the way; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>iter</ets> a going, a walk, way.]</ety> <def>In passing; incidentally; by the way.</def>

<cs><col>Obiter dictum</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an incidental and collateral opinion uttered by a judge. See <er>Dictum</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2<sd>(a)</sd>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Obitual</h1>
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<hw>O*bit"u*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obitus</ets> death. See <er>Obit</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to obits, or days when obits are celebrated; <as>as, <ex>obitual</ex> days</as>.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Obituarily</h1>
<Xpage=990>

<hw>O*bit"u*a*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of an obituary.</def>

<h1>Obiyuary</h1>
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<hw>O*biy"u*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Obit</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the death of a person or persons; <as>as, an <ex>obituary</ex> notice; <ex>obituary</ex> poetry.</as></def>

<h1>Obituary</h1>
<Xpage=990>

<hw>O*bit"u*a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Obituaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>obituaire</ets>. See <er>Obit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which pertains to, or is called forth by, the obit or death of a person; esp., an account of a deceased person; a notice of the death of a person, accompanied by a biographical sketch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>A list of the dead, or a register of anniversary days when service is performed for the dead.</def>

<h1>Object</h1>
<Xpage=990>

<hw>Ob*ject"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Objected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Objecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>objectus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>objicere</ets>, <ets>obicere</ets>, to throw or put before, to oppose; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>jacere</ets> to throw: cf. <ets>objecter</ets>. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting forth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set before or against; to bring into opposition; to oppose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Of less account some knight thereto <b>object</b>,
<b>Whose loss so great and harmful can not prove</b>.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some strong impediment or other <b>objecting</b> itself.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Pallas to their eyes
The mist <b>objected</b>, and condensed the skies.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To offer in opposition as a criminal charge or by way of accusation or reproach; to adduce as an objection or adverse reason.</def>

<blockquote>He gave to him to <b>object</b> his heinous crime.
<i>Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Others <b>object</b> the poverty of the nation.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The book ... giveth liberty to <b>object</b> any crime against such as are to be ordered.
<i>Whitgift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Object</h1>
<Xpage=990>

<hw>Ob*ject"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make opposition in words or argument; -- usually followed by <i>to</i>.</def>

<i>Sir. T. More.</i>

<h1>Object</h1>
<Xpage=990>

<hw>Ob"ject</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>objectus</ets>. See <er>Object</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is put, or which may be regarded as put, in the way of some of the senses; something visible or tangible; <as>as, he observed an <ex>object</ex> in the distance; all the <ex>objects</ex> in sight; he touched a strange <ex>object</ex> in the dark.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is set, or which may be regarded as set, before the mind so as to be apprehended or known; that of which the mind by any of its activities takes cognizance, whether a thing external in space or a conception formed by the mind itself; <as>as, an <ex>object</ex> of knowledge, wonder, fear, thought, study, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Object</b> is a term for that about which the knowing subject is conversant; what the schoolmen have styled the "materia circa quam."
<i>Sir. W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>object</b> of their bitterest hatred.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That by which the mind, or any of its activities, is directed; that on which the purpose are fixed as the end of action or effort; that which is sought for; end; aim; motive; final cause.</def><-- = goal -->

<blockquote><b>Object</b>, beside its proper signification, came to be abusively applied to denote motive, end, final cause.... This innovation was probably borrowed from the French.
<i>Sir. W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let our <b>object</b> be, our country, our whole country, and nothing but our country.
<i>D. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Sight; show; appearance; aspect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He, advancing close
Up to the lake, past all the rest, arose
In glorious <b>object</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word, phrase, or clause toward which an action is directed, or is considered to be directed; <as>as, the <ex>object</ex> of a transitive verb</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Object glass</col>, <cd>the lens, or system of lenses, placed at the end of a telescope, microscope, etc., which is toward the object. Its office is to form an image of the object, which is then viewed by the eyepiece. Called also <altname>objective</altname>. See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Microscope</er>.</cd> -- <col>Object lesson</col>, <cd>a lesson in which object teaching is made use of.</cd> -- <col>Object staff</col>. <fld>(Leveling)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Leveling staff</er>.</cd> -- <col>Object teaching</col>, <cd>a method of instruction, in which illustrative objects are employed, each new word or idea being accompanied by a representation of that which it signifies; -- used especially in the kindergarten, for young children.</cd></cs>

<h1>Object</h1>
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<hw>Ob*ject"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>objectus</ets>, <ets>p. p.</ets>]</ety> <def>Opposed; presented in opposition; also, exposed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Objectable</h1>
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<hw>Ob*ject"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be presented in opposition; that may be put forward as an objection.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Objectify</h1>
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<hw>Ob*jec"ti*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Object</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cause to become an object; to cause to assume the character of an object; to render objective.</def>

<i>J. D. Morell.</i>

<h1>Objection</h1>
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<hw>Ob*jec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>o</ets>bjectio: cf. F. <ets>objection</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of objecting; <as>as, to prevent agreement, or action, by <ex>objection</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is, or may be, presented in opposition; an adverse reason or argument; a reason for objecting; obstacle; impediment; <as>as, I have no <ex>objection</ex> to going; unreasonable <ex>objections</ex>.</as></def>  "<i>Objections</i> against every truth."

<i>Tyndale.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Cause of trouble; sorrow.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He remembers the <b>objection</b> that lies in his bosom, and he sighs deeply.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Exception; difficulty; doubt; scruple.</syn>

<h1>Objectionable</h1>
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<hw>Ob*jec"tion*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Liable to objection; likely to be objected to or disapproved of; offensive; <as>as, <ex>objectionable</ex> words</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ob*jec"tion*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Objectist</h1>
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<hw>Ob"ject*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adheres to, or is skilled in, the objective philosophy.</def>

<i>Ed. Rev.</i>

<h1>Objectivate</h1>
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<hw>Ob*jec"ti*vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To objectify.</def>

<h1>Objectivation</h1>
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<hw>Ob*jec`ti*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Converting into an object.</def>

<h1>Objective</h1>
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<hw>Ob*jec"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>objectif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an object.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an object; contained in, or having the nature or position of, an object; outward; external; extrinsic; -- an epithet applied to whatever ir exterior to the mind, or which is simply an <i>object</i> of thought or feeling, and opposed to <i>subjective</i>.</def>

<blockquote>In the Middle Ages, <b>subject</b> meant <b>substance</b>, and has this sense in Descartes and Spinoza: sometimes, also, in Reid. <b>Subjective</b> is used by William of Occam to denote that which exists independent of mind; <b>objective</b>, what is formed by the mind. This shows what is meant by <b>realitas objectiva</b> in Descartes. Kant and Fichte have inverted the meanings. <b>Subject</b>, with them, is the mind which knows; <b>object</b>, that which is known; <b>subjective</b>, the varying conditions of the knowing mind; <b>objective</b>, that which is in the constant nature of the thing known.
<i>Trendelenburg.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Objective</b> means that which belongs to, or proceeds from, the object known, and not from the subject knowing, and thus denotes what is real, in opposition to that which is ideal -- what exists in nature, in contrast to what exists merely in the thought of the individual.
<i>Sir. W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Objective</b> has come to mean that which has independent exostence or authority, apart from our experience or thought. Thus, moral law is said to have <b>objective authority</b>, that is, authority belonging to itself, and not drawn from anything in our nature.
<i>Calderwood (Fleming's Vocabulary).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, the case which follows a transitive verb or a preposition, being that case in which the direct <i>object</i> of the verb is placed. See <er>Accusative</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<note>&hand; The objective case is frequently used without a governing word, esp. in designations of time or space, where a preposition, as <i>at</i>, <i>in</i>, <i>on</i>, etc., may be supplied.</note>

<blockquote>My troublous dream [on] <b>this night</b> make me sad.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To write of victories [<b>in</b> or <b>for</b>] <b>next year</b>.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Objective line</col> <fld>(Perspective)</fld>, <cd>a line drawn on the geometrical plane which is represented or sought to be represented.</cd> -- <col>Objective plane</col> <fld>(Perspective)</fld>, <cd>any plane in the horizontal plane that is represented.</cd> -- <col>Objective point</col>, <cd>the point or result to which the operations of an army are directed. By extension, the point or purpose to which anything, as a journey or an argument, is directed.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Objective</er>, <er>Subjective</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Objective</i> is applied to things exterior to the mind, and <i>objects</i> of its attention; <i>subjective</i>, to the operations of the mind itself. Hence, an <i>objective</i> motive is some outward thing awakening desire; a <i>subjective</i> motive is some internal feeling or propensity. <i>Objective</i> views are those governed by outward things; <i>subjective</i> views are produced or modified by internal feeling.  Sir Walter Scott's poetry is chiefly <i>objective</i>; that of Wordsworth is eminently <i>subjective</i>.</usage>

<blockquote>In the philosophy of mind, <b>subjective</b> denotes what is to be referred to the thinking subject, the ego; <b>objective</b> what belongs to the object of thought, the non-ego.
<i>Sir. W. Hamilton</i></blockquote>

<h1>Objective</h1>
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<hw>Ob*jec"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The objective case.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An object glass.  See under <er>Object</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Same as <cref>Objective point</cref>, under <er>Objective</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Objectively</h1>
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<hw>Ob*jec"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner or state of an object; <as>as, a determinate idea <ex>objectively</ex> in the mind</as>.</def>

<h1>Objectiveness</h1>
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<hw>Ob*jec"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Objectivity.</def>

<blockquote>Is there such a motion or <b>objectiveness</b> of external bodies, which produceth light?
<i>Sir M. Hale</i></blockquote>

<h1>Objectivity</h1>
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<hw>Ob`jec*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>objectivit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state, quality, or relation of being objective; character of the object or of the objective.</def>

<blockquote>The calm, the cheerfulness, the disinterested <b>objectivity</b> have disappeared [in the life of the Greeks].
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obectize</h1>
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<hw>Ob"ect*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make an object of; to regard as an object; to place in the position of an object.</def>

<blockquote><b>In the latter</b>, <b>as objectized</b> by the former, arise the emotions and affections.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Objectless</h1>
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<hw>Ob"ject*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no object; purposeless.</def>

<h1>Objector</h1>
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<hw>Ob*ject"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., an accuser.]</ety> <def>One who objects; one who offers objections to a proposition or measure.</def>

<h1>Objibways</h1>
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<hw>Ob*jib"ways</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Chippeways</er>.</def>

<h1>Objicient</h1>
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<hw>Ob*jic"i*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>objiciens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>objicere</ets> to object.]</ety> <def>One who makes objection; an objector.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cardinal Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Objuration</h1>
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<hw>Ob`ju*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>objurare</ets> to bind by oath; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>jurare</ets> to swear, fr. <ets>jus</ets> right.]</ety> <def>A binding by oath.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Abp. Bramhall.</i>

<h1>Objurgate</h1>
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<hw>Ob*jur"gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Objurgated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Objurgating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.<ets>objurgatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>objurgare</ets> to chide; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>jurgare</ets> to quarrel, scold, fr. <ets>jus</ets> right, court. See <er>Jury</er>.]</ety> <def>To chide; to reprove.</def>

<h1>Objurgation</h1>
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<hw>Ob`jur*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>objurgatio</ets>: cf.F.<ets>objurgation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of objurgating; reproof.</def>

<blockquote>While the good lady was bestowing this <b>objurgation</b> on Mr.Ben Allen.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With a strong <b>objurgation</b> of the elbow in his ribs.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Objurgatory</h1>
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<hw>Ob*jur"ga*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>objurgatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Designed to objurgate or chide; containing or expressing reproof; culpatory.</def>

<i>Bancroft.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>objurgatory</b> question of the Pharisees.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oblanceolate</h1>
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<hw>Ob*lan"ce*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ob-</ets> + <ets>lanceolate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lanceolate in the reversed order, that is, narrowing toward the point of attachment more than toward the apex.</def>

<h1>Oblate</h1>
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<hw>Ob*late"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oblatus</ets>, used as p.p. of <ets>offerre</ets> to bring forward, offer, dedicate; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>latus</ets> borne, for <ets>tlatus</ets>. See <er>Tolerate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Flattened or depressed at the poles; <as>as, the earth is an <ex>oblate</ex> spheroid</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Offered up; devoted; consecrated; dedicated; -- used chiefly or only in the titles of Roman Catholic orders.  See <er>Oblate</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Oblate ellipsoid</col>  &or; <col>spheroid</col></mcol> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a solid generated by the revolution of an ellipse about its minor axis; an oblatum. See <cref>Ellipsoid of revolution</cref>, under <er>Ellipsoid</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oblate</h1>
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<hw>Ob*late"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Oblate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of an association of priests or religious women who have offered themselves to the service of the church. There are three such associations of priests, and one of women, called oblates.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the Oblati.</def>

<h1>Oblateness</h1>
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<hw>Ob*late"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being oblate.</def>

<h1>Oblati</h1>
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<hw>Ob*la"ti</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[LL., fr. L. <ets>oblatus</ets>. See <er>Oblate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Children dedicated in their early years to the monastic state.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A class of persons, especially in the Middle Ages, who offered themselves and their property to a monastery.</def>

<i>Addis & Arnold.</i>

<h1>Oblation</h1>
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<hw>Ob*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oblatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>oblation</ets>. See <er>Oblate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of offering, or of making an offering.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything offered or presented in worship or sacred service; an offering; a sacrifice.</def>

<blockquote>A peculiar ... <b>oblation</b> given to God.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A pin was the usual <b>oblation</b>.
<i>Sir. W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A gift or contribution made to a church, as for the expenses of the eucharist, or for the support of the clergy and the poor.</def>

<h1>Oblationer</h1>
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<hw>Ob*la"tion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes an offering as an act worship or reverence.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Oblatrate</h1>
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<hw>Ob*la"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oblatratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>oblatrare</ets> to bark against.]</ety> <def>To bark or snarl, as a dog.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Oblatration</h1>
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<hw>Ob`la*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of oblatrating; a barking or snarling.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Oblatum</h1>
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<hw>Ob*la"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Oblata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Oblate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>An oblate spheroid; a figure described by the revolution of an ellipse about its minor axis. Cf. <er>Oblongum</er>.</def>

<h1>Oblectate</h1>
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<hw>Ob*lec"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oblectatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>oblectare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To delight; to please greatly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Oblectation</h1>
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<hw>Ob"lec*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oblectatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of pleasing highly; the state of being greatly pleased; delight.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Obligable</h1>
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<hw>Ob"li*ga*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Acknowledging, or complying with, obligation; trustworthy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The main difference between people seems to be, that one man can come under obligations on which you can rely, -- is <b>obligable</b>; and another is not.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obligate</h1>
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<hw>Ob"li*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Obligated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Obligating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>obligatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>obligare</ets>.  See <er>Oblige</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring or place under obligation, moral or legal; to hold by a constraining motive.</def> "<i>Obligated</i> by a sense of duty."

<i>Proudfit.</i>

<blockquote>That's your true plan -- to <b>obligate</b>
The present ministers of state.
<i>Churchill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bind or firmly hold to an act; to compel; to constrain; to bind to any act of duty or courtesy by a formal pledge.</def>

<blockquote>That they may not incline or be <b>obligated</b> to any vile or lowly occupations.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obligation</h1>
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<hw>Ob"li*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>obligation</ets>. L. <ets>obligatio</ets>. See <er>Oblige</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of obligating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which obligates or constrains; the binding power of a promise, contract, oath, or vow, or of law; that which constitutes legal or moral duty.</def>

<blockquote>A tender conscience is a stronger <b>obligation</b> than a proson.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any act by which a person becomes bound to do something to or for anouther, or to forbear something; external duties imposed by law, promise, or contract, by the relations of society, or by courtesy, kindness, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Every man has <b>obligations</b> which belong to his station. Duties extend beyond <b>obligation</b>, and direct the affections, desires, and intentions, as well as the actions.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The state of being obligated or bound; the state of being indebted for an act of favor or kindness; <as>as, to place others under <ex>obligations</ex> to one</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A bond with a condition annexed, and a penalty for nonfulfillment. In a larger sense, it is an acknowledgment of a duty to pay a certain sum or do a certain things.</def>

<cs><col>Days of obligation</col>. <cd>See under <er>Day</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Obligato</h1>
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<hw>Ob"li*ga"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>See <er>Obbligato</er>.</def>

<h1>Obligatorily</h1>
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<hw>Ob"li*ga*to*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an obligatory manner; by reason of obligation.</def>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Obligatoriness</h1>
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<hw>Ob"li*ga*to*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being obligatory.</def>

<h1>Obligatory</h1>
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<hw>Ob"li*ga*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obligatorius</ets>: cf.F. <ets>obligatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Binding in law or conscience; imposing duty or obligation; requiring performance or forbearance of some act; -- often followed by <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>; <as>as, obedience is <ex>obligatory</ex> on a soldier</as>.</def>

<blockquote>As long as the law is <b>obligatory</b>, so long our obedience is due.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oblige</h1>
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<hw>O*blige"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Obliged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Obliging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>obligier</ets>, F.<ets>obliger</ets>, L. <ets>obligare</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>ligare</ets> to bind. See <er>Ligament</er>, and cf. <er>Obligate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To attach, as by a bond.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He had <b>obliged</b> all the senators and magistrates firmly to himself.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To constrain by physical, moral, or legal force; to put under obligation to do or forbear something.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>obliging</b> power of the law is neither founded in, nor to be measured by, the rewards and punishments annexed to it.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Religion <b>obliges</b> men to the practice of those virtues which conduce to the preservation of our health.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bind by some favor rendered; to place under a debt; hence, to do a favor to; to please; to gratify; to accommodate.</def>

<blockquote>Thus man, by his own strength, to heaven would soar,
And would not be <b>obliged</b> to God for more.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The gates before it are brass, and the whole much <b>obliged</b> to Pope Urban VIII.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I shall be more <b>obliged</b> to you than I can express.
<i>Mrs. E. Montagu.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="991">
Page 991<p>

<h1>Obligee</h1>
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<hw>Ob"li*gee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>oblig\'82</ets>, p.p. of <ets>obliger</ets>. See <er>Oblige</er>.]</ety> <def>The person to whom another is bound, or the person to whom a bond is given.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Obligement</h1>
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<hw>O*blige"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Obligation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I will not resist, therefore, whatever it is, either of divine or human <b>obligement</b>, that you lay upon me.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obliger</h1>
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<hw>O*bli"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, obliges.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Obliging</h1>
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<hw>O*bli"ging</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Putting under obligation; disposed to oblige or do favors; hence, helpful; civil; kind.</def>

<blockquote>Mons.Strozzi has many curiosities, and is very <b>obliging</b> to a stranger who desires the sight of them.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Civil; complaisant; courteous; kind, -- <er>Obliging</er>, <er>Kind</er>, <er>Complaisant</er>.</syn> <usage> One is <i>kind</i> who desires to see others happy; one is <i>complaisant</i> who endeavors to make them so in social intercourse by attentions calculated to please; one who is <i>obliging</i> performs some actual service, or has the disposition to do so.</usage>

-- <wordforms><wf>O*bli"ging*ly</wf>. <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>O*bli"ging*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Obligor</h1>
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<hw>Ob`li*gor"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The person who binds himself, or gives his bond to another.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Obliquation</h1>
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<hw>Ob`li*qua"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obliquatio</ets>, fr. <ets>obliquare</ets> to turn obliquely. See <er>Oblique</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of becoming oblique; a turning to one side; obliquity; <as>as, the <ex>obliquation</ex> of the eyes</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deviation from moral rectitude.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Oblique</h1>
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<hw>Ob*lique"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>obliquus</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>liquis</ets> oblique; cf. <ets>licinus</ets> bent upward, Gr <?/ slanting.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>oblike</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not erect or perpendicular; neither parallel to, nor at right angles from, the base; slanting; inclined.</def>

<blockquote>It has a direction <b>oblique</b> to that of the former motion.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not straightforward; indirect; obscure; hence, disingenuous; underhand; perverse; sinister.</def>

<blockquote>The love we bear our friends...
Hath in it certain <b>oblique</b> ends.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This mode of <b>oblique</b> research, when a more direct one is denied, we find to be the only one in our power.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Then would be closed the restless, <b>oblique</b> eye.
That looks for evil, like a treacherous spy.
<i>Wordworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not direct in descent; not following the line of father and son; collateral.</def>

<blockquote>His natural affection in a direct line was strong, in an <b>oblique</b> but weak.
<i>Baker.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Oblique angle</col>, <col>Oblique ascension</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Angle</er>,<er>Ascension</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Oblique arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an arch whose jambs are not at right angles with the face, and whose intrados is in consequence askew.</cd> -- <col>Oblique bridge</col>, <cd>a skew bridge. See under <er>Bridge</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Oblique case</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>any case except the nominative. See <er>Case</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Oblique circle</col> <fld>(Projection)</fld>, <cd>a circle whose plane is oblique to the axis of the primitive plane.</cd> -- <col>Oblique fire</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a fire the direction of which is not perpendicular to the line fired at.</cd> -- <col>Oblique flank</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>that part of the curtain whence the fire of the opposite bastion may be discovered. <i>Wilhelm</i>.</cd> -- <col>Oblique leaf</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A leaf twisted or inclined from the normal position.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A leaf having one half different from the other.</cd> -- <col>Oblique line</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a line that, meeting or tending to meet another, makes oblique angles with it.</cd> -- <col>Oblique motion</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of motion or progression in which one part ascends or descends, while the other prolongs or repeats the same tone, as in the accompanying example.</cd><-- illustr. of oblique motion, 1 bar 4/4 --> -- <col>Oblique muscle</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a muscle acting in a direction oblique to the mesial plane of the body, or to the associated muscles; -- applied especially to two muscles of the eyeball.</cd> -- <col>Oblique narration</col>. <cd>See <cref>Oblique speech</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Oblique planes</col> <fld>(Dialing)</fld>, <cd>planes which decline from the zenith, or incline toward the horizon.</cd> -- <col>Oblique sailing</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the movement of a ship when she sails upon some rhumb between the four cardinal points, making an oblique angle with the meridian.</cd> -- <col>Oblique speech</col> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld>, <cd>speech which is quoted indirectly, or in a different person from that employed by the original speaker.</cd> -- <col>Oblique sphere</col> <fld>(Astron. & Geog.)</fld>, <cd>the celestial or terrestrial sphere when its axis is oblique to the horizon of the place; or as it appears to an observer at any point on the earth except the poles and the equator.</cd> -- <col>Oblique step</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a step in marching, by which the soldier, while advancing, gradually takes ground to the right or left at an angle of about 25&deg;. It is not now practiced. <i>Wilhelm</i>.</cd> -- <col>Oblique system of co\'94rdinates</col> <fld>(Anal. Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a system in which the co\'94rdinate axes are oblique to each other.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oblique</h1>
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<hw>Ob*lique"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>An oblique line.</def>

<h1>Oblique</h1>
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<hw>Ob*lique"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Obliqued</er> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Obliquing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deviate from a perpendicular line; to move in an oblique direction.</def>

<blockquote>Projecting his person towards it in a line which <b>obliqued</b> from the bottom of his spine.
<i>Sir. W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To march in a direction oblique to the line of the column or platoon; -- formerly accomplished by oblique steps, now by direct steps, the men half-facing either to the right or left.</def>

<h1>Oblique-angled</h1>
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<hw>Ob*lique"-an`gled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having oblique angles; <as>as, an <ex>oblique-angled</ex> triangle</as>.</def>

<h1>Obliquely</h1>
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<hw>Ob*lique"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an oblique manner; not directly; indirectly.</def> "Truth <i>obliquely</i> leveled."

<i>Bp. Fell.</i>

<blockquote>Declining from the noon of day,
The sun <b>obliquely</b> shoots his burning ray.
<i>Pope</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His discourse tends <b>obliquely</b> to the detracting from others.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obliqueness</h1>
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<hw>Ob*lique"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality or state of being oblique.</def>

<h1>Obliquity</h1>
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<hw>Ob*liq"ui*ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Obliquities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>obliquitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>obliquit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of being oblique; deviation from a right line; deviation from parallelism or perpendicularity; the amount of such deviation; divergence; <as>as, the <ex>obliquity</ex> of the ecliptic to the equator</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Deviation from ordinary rules; irregularity; deviation from moral rectitude.</def>

<blockquote>To disobey [God]...imports a moral <b>obliquity</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oblite</h1>
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<hw>Ob"lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oblitus</ets>, p.p. pf <ets>oblinere</ets> to besmear.]</ety> <def>Indistinct; slurred over.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Obscure and <i>oblite</i> mention."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Obliterate</h1>
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<hw>Ob*lit"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Obliterated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Obliterating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>obliteratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>obliterare</ets> to obliterate; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>litera</ets>, <ets>littera</ets>, letter.  See <er>Letter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To erase or blot out; to efface; to render undecipherable, as a writing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wear out; to remove or destroy utterly by any means; to render imperceptible; as. to <i>obliterate</i> ideas; to <i>obliterate</i> the monuments of antiquity.</def>

<blockquote>The harsh and bitter feelings of this or that experience are slowly <b>obliterated</b>.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obliterate</h1>
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<hw>Ob*lit"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Scarcely distinct; -- applied to the markings of insects.</def>

<h1>Obliteration</h1>
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<hw>Ob*lit`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obliteratio</ets>: cf.F. <ets>oblit\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of obliterating, or the state of being obliterated; extinction.</def>

<i>Sir. M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Obliterative</h1>
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<hw>Ob*lit"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending or serving to obliterate.</def>

<h1>Oblivion</h1>
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<hw>Ob*liv"i*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oblivio</ets>, akin to <ets>oblivisci</ets> to forget: cf. OF. <ets>oblivion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of forgetting, or the state of being forgotten; cessation of remembrance; forgetfulness.</def>

<blockquote>Second childishness and mere <b>oblivion</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Among our crimes <b>oblivion</b> may be set.
<i>Dryden</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The origin of our city will be buried in eternal <b>oblivion</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b><def> Official ignoring of offenses; amnesty, or general pardon; <as>as, an act of <ex>oblivion</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Sir J. Davies.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Forgetfulness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Oblivious</h1>
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<hw>Ob*liv"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>obliviosus</ets>: cf.F. <ets>oblivieux</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Promoting oblivion; causing forgetfulness.</def> "The <i>oblivious</i> pool."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>She lay in deep, <b>oblivious</b> slumber.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Evincing oblivion; forgetful.</def>

<blockquote>Through are both weak in body and <b>oblivious</b>.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Obliv"i*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ob*liv"i*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Oblocutor</h1>
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<hw>Ob*loc"u*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oblocutor</ets>, <ets>obloquutor</ets>, fr. <ets>obloqui</ets>, <ets>oblocutus</ets>, to speak against; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>loqui</ets> to speak. See <er>Loquacious</er>.]</ety> <def>A disputer; a gainsayer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Oblong</h1>
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<hw>Ob"long</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oblongus</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>longus</ets> long: cf. F. <ets>oblong</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having greater length than breadth, esp. when rectangular.</def>

<h1>Oblong</h1>
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<hw>Ob"long</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rectangular figure longer than it is broad; hence, any figure longer than it is broad.</def>

<blockquote>The best figure of a garden I esteem an <b>oblong</b> upon a descent.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oblongata</h1>
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<hw>Ob`lon*ga"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The medulla oblongata.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Oblongatal</h1>
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<hw>Ob"lon*ga"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the medulla oblongata; medullar.</def>

<h1>Oblongish</h1>
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<hw>Ob"long*ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat oblong.</def>

<h1>Oblongly</h1>
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<hw>Ob"long*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an oblong form.</def>

<h1>Oblongness</h1>
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<hw>Ob"long*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or quality of being oblong.</def>

<h1>Oblong-ovate</h1>
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<hw>Ob"long-o"vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Between oblong and ovate, but inclined to the latter.</def>

<h1>Oblongum</h1>
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<hw>Ob*lon"gum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Oblonga</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Oblong</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A prolate spheroid; a figure described by the revolution of an ellipse about its greater axis. Cf. <er>Oblatum</er>, and see <cref>Ellipsoid of revolution</cref>, under <er>Ellipsoid</er>.</def>

<h1>Obloquious</h1>
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<hw>Ob*lo"qui*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing obloquy; reproachful</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Naunton.</i>

<h1>Obloquy</h1>
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<hw>Ob"lo*quy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obloquium</ets>, fr. <ets>obloqui</ets>. See <er>Oblocutor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Censorious speech; defamatory language; language that casts contempt on men or their actions; blame; reprehension.</def>

<blockquote>Shall names that made yuor city the glory of the earth be mentioned with <b>obloquy</b> and detraction?
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cause of reproach; disgrace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Reproach; odium; censure; contumely; gainsaying; reviling; calumny; slander; detraction.</syn>

<h1>Obluctation</h1>
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<hw>Ob`luc*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oblictutio</ets>, fr. <ets>obluctari</ets> to struggle against.]</ety> <def>A struggle against; resistance; opposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Obmutescence</h1>
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<hw>Ob`mu*tes"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obmutescens</ets>, p.pr of <ets>obmutescere</ets> to become dumb; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>mutescere</ets> to grow dumb, fr. <ets>mutus</ets> dumb.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A becoming dumb; loss of speech.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A keeping silent or mute.</def>

<i>Paley.</i>

<h1>Obnoxlous</h1>
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<hw>Ob*nox"lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obnoxius</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>noxius</ets> hurtful. See <er>Noxious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Subject; liable; exposed; answerable; amenable; -- with <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The writings of lawyers, which are tied <b>obnoxious</b> to their particular laws.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Esteeming it more honorable to live on the public than to be <b>obnoxious</b> to any private purse.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Obnoxious</b>, first or last,
To basest things
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Liable to censure; exposed to punishment; reprehensible; blameworthy.</def> "The contrived and interested schemes of ...<i>obnoxious</i> authors."

<i>Bp. Fell.</i>

<blockquote>All are <b>obnoxious</b>, and this faulty land,
Like fainting Hester, does before you stand
Watching your scepter.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Offensive; odious; hateful; <as>as, an <ex>obnoxious</ex> statesman; a minister <ex>obnoxious</ex> to the Whigs.</as></def>

<i>Burke.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ob*nox"ious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ob*nox"ious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Obnubilate</h1>
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<hw>Ob*nu"bi*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obnubilatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>obnubilare</ets> to obscure. See <er>Ob-</er>, and <er>Nubilate</er>.]</ety> <def>To cloud; to obscure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Burton</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ob*nu"bi*la"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Beddoes.</i>

<h1>Oboe</h1>
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<hw>O"boe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. F. <ets>hautbois</ets>. See <er>Hautboy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One of the higher wind instruments in the modern orchestra, yet of great antiquity, having a penetrating pastoral quality of tone, somewhat like the clarinet in form, but more slender, and sounded by means of a double reed; a hautboy.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Oboe d'amore</col> <ety>[It., lit., oboe of love]</ety>, <it>and</it> <col>Oboe di caccia</col></mcol> <ety>[It., lit., oboe of the chase]</ety>, <cd>are names of obsolete modifications of the oboe, often found in the scores of Bach and Handel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oboist</h1>
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<hw>O"bo*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A performer on the oboe.</def>

<h1>Obolary</h1>
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<hw>Ob"o*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Obolus</er>.]</ety> <def>Possessing only small coins; impoverished.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Obole</h1>
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<hw>Ob"ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>obole</ets>. See <er>Obolus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Pharm.)</fld> <def>A weight of twelve grains; or, according to some, of ten grains, or half a scruple.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>obol</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Obolize</h1>
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<hw>Ob"o*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Obelize</er>.</def>

<h1>Obolo</h1>
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<hw>Ob"o*lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Obolus</er>.]</ety> <def>A copper coin, used in the Ionian Islands, about one cent in value.</def>

<h1>Obolus</h1>
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<hw>Ob"o*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>;<plu>pl. <plw>Oboli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr Gr. (<?/)]</ety> <fld>(Gr.Antiq.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small silver coin of Athens, the sixth part of a drachma, about three cents in value.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An ancient weight, the sixth part of a drachm.</def>

<h1>Obomegoid</h1>
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<hw>Ob`o*me"goid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ob-</ets> + <ets>omegoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Obversely omegoid.</def>

<h1>Oboval</h1>
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<hw>Ob*o"val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ob-</ets> + <ets>oval</ets>.]</ety> <def>Obovate.</def>

<h1>Obovate</h1>
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<hw>Ob*o"vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ob-</ets> + <ets>ovate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Inversely ovate; ovate with the narrow end downward; <as>as, an <ex>obovate</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Obreption</h1>
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<hw>Ob*rep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obreptio</ets>, fr. <ets>obrepere</ets>, <ets>obreptum</ets>, to creep up to; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>repere</ets> to creep.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of creeping upon with secrecy or by surprise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The obtaining gifts of escheat by fraud or surprise.</def>

<i>Bell.</i>

<h1>Obreptitious</h1>
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<hw>Ob`rep*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obreptitus</ets>.  See <er>Obreption</er>.]</ety> <def>Done or obtained by surprise; with secrecy, or by concealment of the truth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Obrogate</h1>
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<hw>Ob"ro*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obrogatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>obrogare</ets> to obrogate.]</ety> <def>To annul indirectly by enacting a new and contrary law, instead of by expressly abrogating or repealing the old one.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Obrok</h1>
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<hw>Ob"rok</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>obrok'</ets>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A rent.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A poll tax paid by peasants absent from their lord's estate.</def> <mark>[Russia]</mark>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Obscene</h1>
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<hw>Ob*scene"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a/</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obscenus</ets>, <ets>obscaenus</ets>, <ets>obscoenus</ets>, ill looking, filthy, obscene: cf. F. <ets>obsc\'82ne</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Offensive to chastity or modesty; expressing of presenting to the mind or view something which delicacy, purity, and decency forbid to be exposed; impure; <as>as, <ex>obscene</ex> language; <ex>obscene</ex> pictures.</as></def>

<blockquote>Words that were once chaste, by frequent use grew <b>obscene</b> and uncleanly.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Foul; fifthy; disgusting.</def>

<-- 2 illegible chars; "bands"? -->
<blockquote>A girdle foul with grease b<?/<?/ds his <b>obscene</b> attire.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Inauspicious; ill-omened.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <mark>[A Latinism]</mark>

<blockquote>At the cheerful light,
The groaning ghosts and birds <b>obscene</b> take flight.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Impure; immodest; indecent; unchaste; lewd.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ob*scene"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ob*scene"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Obscenity</h1>
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<hw>Ob*scen"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Obscenities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>obscentias</ets>: cf.F. <ets>obsc\'82nit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>That quality in words or things which presents what is offensive to chasity or purity of mind; obscene or impure lanquage or acts; moral impurity; lewdness; obsceneness; <as>as, the <ex>obscenity</ex> of a speech, or a picture</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Mr.Cowley asserts plainly, that <b>obscenity</b> has no place in wit.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No pardon vile <b>obscenity</b> should find.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obscurant</h1>
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<hw>Ob*scur"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obscurans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>obscurare</ets> to obscure.]</ety> <def>One who obscures; one who prevents enlightenment or hinders the progress of knowledge and wisdom.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Obscurantism</h1>
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<hw>Ob*scur"ant*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The system or the principles of the obscurants.</def>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Obscurantist</h1>
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<hw>Ob*scur"ant*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Obscurant</er>.</def>

<i>Ed. Rev.</i>

<h1>Obscuration</h1>
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<hw>Ob`scu*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obscurativ</ets>: cf.F. <ets>obscuration</ets>. See <er>Obscure</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <def>The act or operation of obscuring; the state of being obscured; <as>as, the <ex>obscuration</ex> of the moon in an eclipse</as>.</def>

<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i>

<h1>Obscure</h1>
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<hw>Ob*scure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Obscurer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Obscurest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>obscurus</ets>, orig., covered; <ets>ob-</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + a root probably meaning, to cover; cf. L. <ets>scutum</ets> shield, Skr. <ets>sku</ets> to cover: cf.F. <ets>obscur</ets>. Cf.<er>Sky</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Covered over, shaded, or darkened; destitute of light; imperfectly illuminated; dusky; dim.</def>

<blockquote>His lamp shall be put out in <b>obscure</b> darkness.
<i>Prov. xx. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to darkness or night; inconspicuous to the sight; indistinctly seen; hidden; retired; remote from observation; unnoticed.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>obscure</b> bird
Clamored the livelong night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>obscure</b> corners of the earth.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not noticeable; humble; mean.</def> "O base and <i>obscure</i> vulgar."  <i>Shak</i>. "An <i>obscure</i> person."

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not easily understood; not clear or legible; abstruse or blind; <as>as, an <ex>obscure</ex> passage or inscription</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Not clear, full, or distinct; clouded; imperfect; <as>as, an <ex>obscure</ex> view of remote objects</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Obscure rays</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>those rays which are not luminous or visible, and which in the spectrum are beyond the limits of the visible portion.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Dark; dim; darksome; dusky; shadowy; misty; abstruse; intricate; difficult; mysterious; retired; unnoticed; unknown; humble; mean; indistinct.</syn>

<h1>Obscure</h1>
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<hw>Ob*scure"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Obscured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Obscuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>obscurare</ets>, fr. <ets>obscurus</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>obscurer</ets>.  See <er>Obscure</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To render obscure; to darken; to make dim; to keep in the dark; to hide; to make less visible, intelligible, legible, glorious, beautiful, or illustrious.</def>

<blockquote>They are all couched in a pit hard by Herne's oak, with <b>obscured</b> lights.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Why, 't is an office of discovery, love,
And I should be <b>obscured</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is scarce any duty which has been so <b>obscured</b> by the writings of learned men as this.
<i>Wake.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And seest not sin <b>obscures</b> thy godlike frame?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
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Page 992<p>

<h1>Obscure</h1>
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<hw>Ob*scure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To conceal one's self; to hide; to keep dark.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>How!  There's bad news.
I must <b>obscure</b>, and hear it.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obscure</h1>
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<hw>Ob*scure"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Obscurity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Obscurely</h1>
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<hw>Ob*scure"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an obscure manner.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Obscurement</h1>
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<hw>Ob*scure"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of obscuring, or the state of being obscured; obscuration.</def>

<i>Pomfret.</i>

<h1>Obscureness</h1>
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<hw>Ob*scure"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Obscurity.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Obscurer</h1>
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<hw>Ob*scur"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, obscures.</def>

<h1>Obscurity</h1>
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<hw>Ob*scu"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obscuritas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>obscurit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being obscure; darkness; privacy; inconspicuousness; unintelligibleness; uncertainty.</def>

<blockquote>Yuo are not for <b>obscurity</b> designed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They were now brought forth from <b>obscurity</b>, to be contemplated by artists with admiration and despair.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Darkness</er>; dimness; gloom. See <er>Darkness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Obsecrate</h1>
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<hw>Ob"se*crate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Obsecrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb, n.</tt> <er>Obsecrating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>obsecratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>obsecrare</ets>, prop., to ask on religious grounds; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>sacrare</ets> to declare as sacred, from <ets>sacer</ets> sacred.]</ety> <def>To beseech; to supplicate; to implore.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>.

<i>Cockerman.</i>

<h1>Obsecration</h1>
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<hw>Ob"se*cra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obsecratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>obsecration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of obsecrating or imploring; <as>as, the <ex>obsecrations</ex> of the Litany, being those clauses beginning with "By</as>."</def>

<i>Bp. Stillingfeet.</i>  <i>Shipley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech in which the orator implores the assistance of God or man.</def>

<h1>Obsecratory</h1>
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<hw>Ob"se*cra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expressing, or used in, entreaty; supplicatory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Obsequent</h1>
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<hw>Ob"se*quent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obsequens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>obsequi</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>sequi</ets>. See <er>Sequence</er>.]</ety> <def>Obedient; submissive; obsequious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Obsequience</h1>
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<hw>Ob*se"qui*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Obsequiousness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Obsequies</h1>
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<hw>Ob"se*quies</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Obsequy</er>.</def>

<h1>Obsequious</h1>
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<hw>Ob*se"qui*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>obsequiosus</ets>, fr. <ets>obsequium</ets> compliance, fr. <ets>obsequi</ets>, <ets>fr</ets>. <ets>obsequi</ets>: cf. F. <ets>obs\'82quieux</ets>, See <er>Obsequent</er>, and cf. <er>Obsequy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Promptly obedient, or submissive, to the will of another; compliant; yielding to the desires of another; devoted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His servants weeping,
<b>Obsequious</b> to his orders, bear him hither.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Servilely or meanly attentive; compliant to excess; cringing; fawning; <as>as, <ex>obsequious</ex> flatterer, parasite</as>.</def>

<blockquote>There lies ever in "<b>obsequious</b>" at the present the sense of an observance which is overdone, of an unmanly readiness to fall in with the will of another.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[See <er>Obsequy</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to obsequies; funereal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "To do <i>obsequious</i> sorrow."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Compliant; obedient; servile. See <er>Yielding</er>.</syn>

<h1>Obsequiously</h1>
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<hw>Ob*se"qui*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an obsequious manner; compliantly; fawningly.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a manner appropriate to obsequies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whilst I a while <b>obsequiously</b> lament
The untimely fall of virtuous Lancaster.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obsequiousness</h1>
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<hw>Ob*se"qui*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being obsequious.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Obsequy</h1>
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<hw>Ob"se*quy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Obsequies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>obsequiae</ets>, pl., funeral rites, fr. <ets>obsequi</ets>: cf.F. <ets>obs\'8aques</ets>. See <er>Obsequent</er>, and cf. <er>Obsequious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The last duty or service to a person, rendered after his death; hence, a rite or ceremony pertaining to burial; -- now used only in the plural.</def>

<i>Spencer.</i>

<blockquote>I will...fetch him hence, and solemnly attend,
With silent <b>obsequy</b> and funeral train.
<i>Milton</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will myself
Be the chief mourner at his <b>obsequies</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The funeral <b>obsequies</b> were decently and privately performed by his family
<i>J. P. Mahaffy.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Obsequiousness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Observable</h1>
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<hw>Ob*serv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>observabilis</ets>: cf.F. <ets>observable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Worthy or capable of being observed; discernible; noticeable; remarkable.</def>

<i>Sir. T. Browne.</i>

<blockquote>The difference is sufficiently <b>observable</b>.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ob*serv"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Ob*serv"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Observance</h1>
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<hw>Ob*serv"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.<ets>observance</ets>, L. <ets>observantia</ets>. See <er>Observant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of observing or noticing with attention; a heeding or keeping with care; performance; -- usually with a sense of strictness and fidelity; <as>as, the <ex>observance</ex> of the Sabbath is general; the strict <ex>observance</ex> of duties.</as></def>

<blockquote>It is a custom
More honored in the breach than the <b>observance</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An act, ceremony, or rite, as of worship or respect; especially, a customary act or service of attention; a form; a practice; a rite; a custom.</def>

<blockquote>At dances
These young folk kept their <b>observances</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Use all the <b>observance</b> of civility.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some represent to themselves the whole of religion as consisting in a few easy <b>observances</b>.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O I that wasted time to tend upon her,
To compass her with sweet <b>observances</b>!
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Servile attention; sycophancy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Salads and flesh, such as their haste could get,
Served with <b>observance</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This is not atheism,
But court <b>observance</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Observance</er>, <er>Observation</er>. These words are discriminated by the two distinct senses of <i>observe</i>. To <i>observe</i> means (1) to keep strictly; as, to <i>observe</i> a fast day, and hence, <i>observance</i> denotes the keeping or heeding with strictness; (2) to consider attentively, or to remark; and hence, <i>observation</i> denotes either the act of <i>observing</i>, or some remark made as the result thereof. We do not say the <i>observation</i> of Sunday, though the word was formerly so used. The Pharisees were curious in external <i>observances</i>; the astronomers are curious in celestial <i>observations</i>.</syn>

<blockquote>Love rigid honesty,
And strict <b>observance</b> of impartial laws.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Observancy</h1>
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<hw>Ob*serv"an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Observance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Observandum</h1>
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<hw>Ob*ser`van"dum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Observanda</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A thing to be observed.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Observant</h1>
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<hw>Ob*serv"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>observans</ets>, <ets>-anits</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>observare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>observant</ets>. See <er>Observe</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Taking notice; viewing or noticing attentively; watchful; attentive; <as>as, an <ex>observant</ex> spectator; <ex>observant</ex> habits</as></def>.

<blockquote>Wandering from clime to clime <b>observant</b> stray'd.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Submissively attentive; obediently watchful; regardful; mindful; obedient (to); -- with <i>of</i>, <as>as, to be <ex>observant</ex> of rules</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We are told how <b>observant</b> Alexander was of his master Aristotle.
<i>Sir K. Digby.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Observant</h1>
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<hw>Ob*serv"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who observes forms and rules.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sycophantic servant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Silly ducking <b>observants</b>,
That stretch their duties nicely.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>An Observantine.</def>

<h1>Observantine</h1>
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<hw>Ob`ser*van"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Fr. <ets>observantin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>One of a branch of the Order of Franciscans, who profess to adhere more strictly than the Conventuals to the intention of the founder, especially as to poverty; -- called also <altname>Observants</altname>.</def>

<h1>Observantly</h1>
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<hw>Ob*serv"ant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an observant manner.</def>

<h1>Observation</h1>
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<hw>Ob`ser*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>observatio</ets>: cf.F. <ets>observation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or the faculty of observing or taking notice; the act of seeing, or of fixing the mind upon, anything.</def>

<blockquote>My <b>observation</b>, which very seldom lies.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The result of an act, or of acts, of observing; view; reflection; conclusion; judgment.</def>

<blockquote>In matters of human prudence, we shall find the greatest advantage in making wise <b>observations</b> on our conduct.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: An expression of an opinion or judgment upon what one has observed; a remark.</def> "That's a foolish <i>observation</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>To <b>observations</b> which ourselves we make
We grow more partial for the observer's sake.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Performance of what is prescribed; adherence in practice; observance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We are to procure dispensation or leave to omit the <b>observation</b> of it in such circumstances.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Science)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of recognizing and noting some fact or occurrence in nature, as an aurora, a corona, or the structure of an animal.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Specifically, the act of measuring, with suitable instruments, some magnitude, as the time of an occultation, with a clock; the right ascension of a star, with a transit instrument and clock; the sun's altitude, or the distance of the moon from a star, with a sextant; the temperature, with a thermometer, etc. </def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The information so acquired.</def>

<note>&hand; When a phenomenon is scrutinized as it occurs in nature, the act is termed an <i>observation</i>. When the conditions under which the phenomenon occurs are artificial, or arranged beforehand by the observer, the process is called an <i>experiment</i>. <i>Experiment</i> includes <i>observation</i>.</note>

<cs><col>To take an observation</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to ascertain the altitude of a heavenly body, with a view to fixing a vessel's position at sea.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Observance; notice; attention; remark; comment; note. See <er>Observance</er>.</syn>

<h1>Observational</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob`ser*va"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a pertaining to observation; consisting of, or containing, observations.</def>

<i>Chalmers.</i>

<h1>Observative</h1>
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<hw>Ob*serv"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Observing; watchful.</def>

<h1>Observator</h1>
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<hw>Ob"ser*va`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who observes or takes notice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who makes a remark.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Observatory</h1>
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<hw>Ob*serv"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Observatories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>observatoire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place or building for making observations on the heavenly bodies.</def>

<blockquote>The new <b>observatory</b> in Greenwich Park.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A building fitted with instruments for making systematic observations of any particular class or series of natural phenomena.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A place, as an elevated chamber, from which a view may be observed or commanded.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A lookout on a flank of a battery whence an officer can note the range and effect of the fire.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Observe</h1>
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<hw>Ob*serve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Observed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Observing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.<ets>observare</ets>, <ets>observatum</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>servare</ets> to save, preserve, keep, heed, observe: cf.F. <ets>observer</ets>. See <er>Serve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take notice of by appropriate conduct; to conform one's action or practice to; to keep; to heed; to obey; to comply with; <as>as, to <ex>observe</ex> rules or commands; to <ex>observe</ex> civility.</as></def>

<blockquote>Ye shall <b>observe</b> the feast of unleavened bread.
<i>Ex. xii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He wolde no such cursedness <b>observe</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Must I budge? Must I <b>observe</b> you?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With solemn purpose to <b>observe</b>
<b>Immutably his sovereign</b> will.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be on the watch respecting; to pay attention to; to notice with care; to see; to perceive; to discover; <as>as, to <ex>observe</ex> an eclipse; to <ex>observe</ex> the color or fashion of a dress; to <ex>observe</ex> the movements of an army.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To express as what has been noticed; to utter as a remark; to say in a casual or incidental way; to remark.</def>

<h1>Observe</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob*serve"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take notice; to give attention to what one sees or hears; to attend.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a remark; to comment; -- generally with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>
<-- = to make an observation -->

<blockquote>I have barely quoted... without <b>observing</b> upon it.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To remark. See <er>Remark</er>.</syn>

<h1>Observer</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob*serv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who observes, or pays attention to, anything; especially, one engaged in, or trained to habits of, close and exact observation; <as>as, an astronomical <ex>observer</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The observed of all <b>observers</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Careful <b>observers</b> may foretell the hour,
By sure prognostic, when to dread a shower.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who keeps any law, custom, regulation, rite, etc.; one who conforms to anything in practice.</def> "Diligent <i>observers</i> of old customs."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>These... hearkend unto <b>observers</b> of times.
<i>Deut. xviii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who fulfills or performs; <as>as, an <ex>observer</ex> of his promises</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A sycophantic follower.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Observership</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob*serv"er*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or work of an observer.</def>

<h1>Observing</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob*serv"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giving particular attention; habitually attentive to what passes; <as>as, an <ex>observing</ex> person; an <ex>observing</ex> mind.</as></def><-- = observant --> -- <wordforms><wf>Ob*serv"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Obsess</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob*sess"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obsessus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>obsidere</ets> to besiege; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>sedere</ets> to sit.]</ety> <def>To besiege; to beset.</def>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Obsession</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob*ses"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obsessio</ets>: cf.F. <ets>obsession</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of besieging.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being besieged; -- used specifically of a person beset by a spirit from without.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<blockquote>Whether by <b>obsession</b> or possession, I will not determine.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obsidian</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob*sid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Obsidianus lapis</ets>, so named, according to Pliny, after one <ets>Obsidius</ets>, who discovered it in Ethiopia: cf.F. <ets>obsidiane</ets>, <ets>obsidienne</ets>. The later editions of Pliny read <ets>Obsianus lapis</ets>, and <ets>Obsius</ets>, instead of <ets>Obsidianus lapis</ets>, and <ets>Obsidius</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A kind of glass produced by volcanoes. It is usually of a black color, and opaque, except in thin splinters.</def>

<note>&hand; In a thin section it often exhibits a fluidal structure, marked by the arrangement of microlites in the lines of the flow of the molten mass.</note>

<h1>Obsidional</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob*sid"i*o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obsidionalis</ets>, from <ets>obsidio</ets> a siege, <ets>obsidere</ets> to besiege: cf.F. <ets>obsidional</ets>. See <er>Obsess</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a siege.</def>

<cs><col>Obsidional crown</col> <fld>(Rom.Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>a crown bestowed upon a general who raised the siege of a beleaguered place, or upon one who held out against a siege.</cd></cs>

<h1>Obsigillation</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob*sig`il*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>sigillum</ets> a seal.]</ety> <def>A sealing up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Maunder.</i>

<h1>Obsign</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob*sign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Obsignate</er>.]</ety> <def>To seal; to confirm, as by a seal or stamp.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bradford.</i>

<h1>Obsignate</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob*sig"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obsignated</ets>, p.p. <ets>of obsignare</ets> to seal. See <er>Ob-</er>, and <er>Sign</er>.]</ety> <def>To seal; to ratify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Obsignation</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob`sig*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obsignatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of sealing or ratifying; the state of being sealed or confirmed; confirmation, as by the Holy Spirit.</def>

<blockquote>The spirit of manifestation will but upbraid you in the shame and horror of a sad eternity, if you have not the spirit of <b>obsignation</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obsignatory</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob*sig"na*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ratifying; confirming by sealing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Samuel Ward (1643)</i>

<h1>Obsolesce</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob`so*lesce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obsolescere</ets>. See <er>Obsolescent</er>.]</ety> <def>To become obsolescent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i>

<h1>Obsolescence</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob`so*les"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Obsolescent</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of becoming obsolete.</def>

<h1>Obsolescent</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob`so*les"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obsolescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>obsolescere</ets>, to wear out gradually, to fall into disuse; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>solere</ets> to use, be wont.]</ety> <def>Going out of use;          becoming obsolete; passing into desuetude.</def>

<h1>Obsolete</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob"so*lete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obsoletus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>obsolescere</ets>. See <er>Obsolescent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>No longer in use; gone into disuse; disused; neglected; <as>as, an <ex>obsolete</ex> word; an <ex>obsolete</ex> statute</as>; -- applied chiefly to words, writings, or observances.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Not very distinct; obscure; rudimental; imperfectly developed; abortive.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Ancient; antiquated; old-fashioned; antique; old; disused; neglected. See <er>Ancient</er>.</syn>

<h1>Obsolete</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob"so*lete</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become obsolete; to go out of use.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i>

<h1>Obsoletely</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob"so*lete*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an obsolete manner.</def>

<h1>Obsoleteness</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob"so*lete*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being obsolete, or no longer used; a state of desuetude.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Indistinctness; want of development.</def>

<h1>Obsoletism</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob"so*let*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A disused word or phrase; an archaism.</def>

<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i>

<h1>Obstacle</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob"sta*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>obstaculum</ets>, fr. <ets>obstare</ets> to withstand, oppose; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>stare</ets> to stand. See <er>Stand</er>. and cf. <er>Oust</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>That which stands in the way, or opposes; anything that hinders progress; a hindrance; an obstruction, physical or moral.</def>

<blockquote>If all <b>obstacles</b> were cut away.
And that my path were even to the crown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Impediment; obstuction; hindrance; difficulty. See <er>Impediment</er>, and <er>Obstruction</er>.</syn>

<h1>Obstancy</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw>Ob"stan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obstantia</ets>, fr. <ets>obstans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>obstare</ets>. See <er>Obstacle</er>.]</ety> <def>Opposition; impediment; obstruction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Obstetric, Obstetrical</h1>
<Xpage=992>

<hw><hw>Ob*stet"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ob*stet"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obstetricius</ets>, fr. <ets>obstetrix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, a midwife, fr. <ets>obstare</ets> to stand before: cf.F. <ets>obst\'82trique</ets>. See <er>Obstacle</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to midwifery, or the delivery of women in childbed; <as>as, the <ex>obstetric</ex> art</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Obstetrical toad</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European toad of the genus <spn>Alytes</spn>, especially <spn>A. obstetricans</spn>. The eggs are laid in a string which the male winds around his legs, and carries about until the young are hatched.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="993">
Page 993<p>

<h1>Obstetricate</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob*stet"ri*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obstetricatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>obstetricare</ets>, fr. <ets>obstetrix</ets>.]</ety> <def>To perform the office of midwife.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Nature does <i>obstetricate</i>."

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Obstetricate</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob*stet"ri*cate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To assist as a midwife.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Waterhouse.</i>

<h1>Obstetrication</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob*stet"ri*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of assisting as a midwife; delivery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Obstetrician</h1>
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<hw>Ob`ste*tri"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in obstetrics; an accoucheur.</def>

<h1>Obstetricious</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob`ste*tri"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Obstetric</er>.]</ety> <def>Serving to assist childbirth; obstetric; hence, facilitating any bringing forth or deliverance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Yet is all human teaching but maieutical, or <b>obstetricious</b>.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obstetrics</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob*stet"rics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>obst\'82trique</ets>. See <er>Obstetric</er>.]</ety> <def>The science of midwifery; the art of assisting women in parturition, or in the trouble incident to childbirth.</def>

<h1>Obstetricy</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob*stet"ri*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Obstetrics.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Obstinacy</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob"sti*na*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Obstinate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fixedness in will, opinion, or resolution that can not be shaken at all, or only with great difficulty; firm and usually unreasonable adherence to an opinion, purpose, or system; unyielding disposition; stubborness; pertinacity; persistency; contumacy.</def>

<blockquote>You do not well in <b>obstinacy</b>
To cavil in the course of this contract.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To shelter their ignorance, or <b>obstinacy</b>, under the obscurity of their terms.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality or state of being difficult to remedy, relieve, or subdue; <as>as, the <ex>obstinacy</ex> of a disease or evil</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Pertinacity; firmness; resoluteness; inflexibility; persistency; stubbornness; perverseness; contumacy.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Obstinacy</er>, <er>Pertinacity</er>. <i>Pertinacity</i> denotes great firmness in holding to a thing, aim, etc. <i>Obstinacy</i> is great firmness in holding out against persuasion, attack, etc. The former consists in adherence, the latter in resistance. An opinion is advocated with pertinacity or defended with <i>obstinacy</i>. <i>Pertinacity</i> is often used in a good sense; <i>obstinacy</i> generally in a bad one. "In this reply was included a very gross mistake, and if with <i>pertinacity</i> maintained, a capital error." <i>Sir T. Browne</i>. "Every degree of <i>obstinacy</i> in youth is one step to rebellion." <i>South</i>.</usage>

<h1>Obstinate</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob"sti*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obstinatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>obstinare</ets> to set about a thing with firmness, to persist in; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + a word from the root of <ets>stare</ets> to stand. See <er>Stand</er>, and cf.<er>Destine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertinaciously adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course; persistent; not yielding to reason, arguments, or other means; stubborn; pertinacious; -- usually implying unreasonableness.</def>

<blockquote>I have known great cures done by <b>obstinate</b> resolution of drinking no wine.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No ass so meek, no ass so <b>obstinate</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Of sense and outward things.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not yielding; not easily subdued or removed; <as>as, <ex>obstinate</ex> fever; <ex>obstinate</ex> obstructions.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Stubborn; inflexible; immovable; firm; pertinacious; persistent; headstrong; opinionated; unyielding; refractory; contumacious. See <er>Stubborn</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ob"sti*nate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ob"sti*nate*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Obstination</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob`sti*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obstinatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Obstinacy; stubbornness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Obstipation</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob`sti*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obstipatio</ets> a close pressure; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>stipare</ets> to press.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of stopping up, as a passage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Extreme constipation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooper.</i>

<h1>Obstreperous</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob*strep"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obstreperus</ets>, from <ets>obstrepere</ets> to make a noise at; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>strepere</ets> to make a noise.]</ety> <def>Attended by, or making, a loud and tumultuous noise; clamorous; noisy; vociferous.</def> "The <i>obstreperous</i> city." <i>Wordsworth</i>. "<i>Obstreperous</i> approbation."   <i>Addison</i>.

<blockquote>Beating the air with their <b>obstreperous</b> beaks.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ob*strep"er*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ob*strep"er*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Obstriction</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob*stric"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obstringere</ets>, <ets>obstrictum</ets>, to bind to or about.]</ety> <def>The state of being constrained, bound, or obliged; that which constrains or obliges; obligation; bond.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Obstringe</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob*stringe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Obstriction</er>.]</ety> <def>To constrain; to put under obligation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Gardiner.</i>

<h1>Obstruct</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob*struct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Obstructed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Obstructing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>obstructus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>obstruere</ets> to build up before or against, to obstruct; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>struere</ets> to pile up. See <er>Structure</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To block up; to stop up or close, as a way or passage; to place an obstacle in, or fill with obstacles or impediments that prevent or hinder passing; <as>as, to <ex>obstruct</ex> a street; to <ex>obstruct</ex> the channels of the body.</as></def>

<blockquote>'T is the <b>obstructed</b> paths of sound shall clear.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be, or come, in the way of; to hinder from passing; to stop; to impede; to retard; <as>as, the bar in the harbor <ex>obstructs</ex> the passage of ships; clouds <ex>obstruct</ex> the light of the sun; unwise rules <ex>obstruct</ex> legislation.</as></def> "Th' impatience of <i>obstructed</i> love."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To bar; barricade; stop; arrest; check; interrupt; clog; choke; impede; retard; embarrass; oppose.</syn>

<h1>Obstructer</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob*struct"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who obstructs or hinders.</def>

<h1>Obstruction</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob*struc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>obstructio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of obstructing, or state of being obstructed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which obstructs or impedes; an obstacle; an impediment; a hindrance.</def>

<blockquote>A popular assembly free from <b>obstruction</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The condition of having the natural powers obstructed in their usual course; the arrest of the vital functions; death.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>To die, and go we know not where,
To lie in cold <b>obstruction</b>, and to rot.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Obstacle</er>; bar; barrier; impediment; clog; check; hindrance.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Obstruction</er>, <er>Obstacle</er>. The difference between these words is that indicated by their etymology; an <i>obstacle</i> is something standing in the way; an <i>obstruction</i> is something put in the way. <i>Obstacle</i> implies more fixedness and is the stronger word. We remove <i>obstructions</i>; we surmount <i>obstacles</i>.</usage>

<blockquote>Disparity in age seems a greater <b>obstacle</b> to an intimate friendship than inequality of fortune.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The king expected to meet with all the <b>obstructions</b> and difficulties his enraged enemies could lay in his way.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obstructionism</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob*struc"tion*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or the policy of obstructing progress.</def>

<i>Lond. Lit. World.</i>

<h1>Obstructionist</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob*struc"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hinders progress; one who obstructs business, as in a legislative body.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to obstructionists.</def></def2> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<h1>Obstructive</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob*struct"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>obstrictif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to obstruct; presenting obstacles; hindering; causing impediment.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ob*struct"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Obstructive</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob*struct"ive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An obstructive person or thing.</def>

<h1>Obstruent</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob"stru*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obstruens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>obstruere</ets>. See <er>Obstruct</er>.]</ety> <def>Causing obstruction; blocking up; hindering; <as>as, an <ex>obstruent</ex> medicine</as>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Obstruent</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob"stru*ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything that obstructs or closes a passage; esp., that which obstructs natural passages in the body; <as>as, a medicine which acts as an <ex>obstruent</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Obstupefaction</h1>
<Xpage=993>

<hw>Ob*stu`pe*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obstuperfacere</ets> to stupefy.]</ety> <def>See <er>Stupefaction</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Obstupefactive</h1>
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<hw>Ob*stu`pe*fac"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Stupefactive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Obstupefy</h1>
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<hw>Ob*stu"pe*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf.L. <ets>obstupefacere</ets>. See <er>Ob-</er>, and <er>Stupefy</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Stupefy</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Obtain</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Obtained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Obtaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>obtenir</ets>, L. <ets>obtinere</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>tenere</ets> to hold. See <er>Tenable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To hold; to keep; to possess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His mother, then, is mortal, but his Sire
He who <b>obtains</b> the monarchy of heaven.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To get hold of by effort; to gain possession of; to procure; to acquire, in any way.</def>

<blockquote>Some pray for riches; riches they <b>obtain</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By guileful fair words peace may be <b>obtained</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It may be that I may <b>obtain</b> children by her.
<i>Gen. xvi. 2.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To attain; gain; procure; acquire; win; earn.</syn> <usage> See <er>Attain</er>. -- To <er>Obtain</er>, <er>Get</er>, <er>Gain</er>, <er>Earn</er>, <er>Acquire</er>. The idea of <i>getting</i> is common to all these terms. We may, indeed, with only a slight change of sense, substitute <i>get</i> for either of them; as, to <i>get</i> or to <i>gain</i> a prize; to <i>get</i> or to <i>obtain</i> an employment; to <i>get</i> or to <i>earn</i> a living; to <i>get</i> or to <i>acquire</i> a language. To <i>gain</i> is to get by striving; and as this is often a part of our good fortune, the word <i>gain</i> is peculiarly applicable to whatever comes to us fortuitously. Thus, we <i>gain</i> a victory, we <i>gain</i> a cause, we <i>gain</i> an advantage, etc. To <i>earn</i> is to deserve by labor or service; as, to <i>earn</i> good wages; to <i>earn</i> a triumph. Unfortunately, one does not always <i>get</i> or <i>obtain</i> what he has <i>earned</i>. To <i>obtain</i> implies desire for possession, and some effort directed to the attainment of that which is not immediately within our reach. Whatever we thus <i>seek</i> and <i>get</i>, we <i>obtain</i>, whether by our own exertions or those of others; whether by good or bad means; whether permanently, or only for a time. Thus, a man <i>obtains</i> an employment; he <i>obtains</i> an answer to a letter, etc. To <i>acquire</i> is more limited and specific. We <i>acquire</i> what comes to us gradually in the regular exercise of our abilities, while we <i>obtain</i> what comes in any way, provided we desire it. Thus, we <i>acquire</i> knowledge, property, honor, reputation, etc. What we <i>acquire</i> becomes, to a great extent, permanently our own; as, to <i>acquire</i> a language; to <i>acquire</i> habits of industry, etc.</usage>

<h1>Obtain</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tain"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become held; to gain or have a firm footing; to be recognized or established; to subsist; to become prevalent or general; to prevail; <as>as, the custom <ex>obtains</ex> of going to the seashore in summer</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sobriety hath by use <b>obtained</b> to signify temperance in drinking.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Theodosian code, several hundred years after Justinian's time, did <b>obtain</b> in the western parts of Europe.
<i>Baker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prevail; to succeed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<blockquote>So run that ye may <b>obtain</b>.
<i>1 Cor. ix. 24.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is due from the judge to the advocate, some commendation, where causes are fair pleaded; especially towards the side which <b>obtaineth</b> not.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obtainable</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tain"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being obtained.</def>

<h1>Obtainer</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tain"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who obtains.</def>

<h1>Obtainment</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tain"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of obtaining; attainment.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Obtected</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tect"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obtectus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>obtegere</ets> to cover over.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Covered; protected.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Covered with a hard chitinous case, as the pupa of certain files.</def>

<h1>Obtemper</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tem"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Obtemperate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>To obey (a judgment or decree).</def>

<h1>Obtemperate</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tem"per*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obtemperare</ets>, <ets>obtemperatum</ets> to obey.]</ety> <def>To obey.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Obtend</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Obtended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Obtending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.<ets>obtendere</ets>, <ets>obtentum</ets>, to stretch or place before or against; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>tendere</ets> to stretch.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To oppose; to hold out in opposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To offer as the reason of anything; to pretend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden</i>

<h1>Obtenebration</h1>
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<hw>Ob*ten`e*bra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obtenebrate</ets> to make dark.]</ety> <def>The act of darkening; the state of being darkened; darkness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In every megrim or vertigo, there is an <b>obtenebration</b> joined with a semblance of turning round.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obtension</h1>
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<hw>Ob*ten"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obtentio</ets>. See <er>Obtend</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of obtending.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Obtest</h1>
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<hw>Ob*test"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Obtested</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Obtesting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>obtestari</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>testari</ets> to witness, fr. <ets>testis</ets> a witness.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To call to witness; to invoke as a witness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To beseech; to supplicate; to beg for.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Obtest</h1>
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<hw>Ob*test"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To protest.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>E. Waterhouse.</i>

<h1>Obtestation</h1>
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<hw>Ob`tes*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obtestatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of obtesting; supplication; protestation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Antonio asserted this with great <b>obtestation</b>.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obtrectation</h1>
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<hw>Ob`trec*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obtrectatio</ets>, from <ets>obtrectare</ets> to detract from through envy. See <er>Detract</er>.]</ety> <def>Slander; detraction; calumny.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Obtrude</h1>
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<hw>Ob*trude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Obtruded</er>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Obtruding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>obtrudere</ets>, <ets>obtrusum</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>trudere</ets> to thrust. See <er>Threat</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To thrust impertinently; to present without warrant or solicitation; <as>as, to <ex>obtrude</ex> one's self upon a company</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The objects of our senses <b>obtrude</b> their particular ideas upon our minds, whether we will or no.
<i>Lock.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To offer with unreasonable importunity; to urge unduly or against the will.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Obtrude</h1>
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<hw>Ob*trude"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To thrust one's self upon a company or upon attention; to intrude.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Obtrude</er>, <er>Intrude</er>.</syn> <usage> To <i>intrude</i> is to thrust one's self into a place, society, etc., without right, or uninvited; to <i>obtrude</i> is to force one's self, remarks, opinions, etc., into society or upon persons with whom one has no such intimacy as to justify such boldness.</usage>

<h1>Obtruder</h1>
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<hw>Ob*trud"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who obtrudes.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Obtruncate</h1>
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<hw>Ob*trun"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obtruncatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>obtruncare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To deprive of a limb; to lop.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Obtruncation</h1>
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<hw>Ob`trun*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obtruncatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of lopping or cutting off.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Obtrusion</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tru"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obtrusio</ets>. See <er>Obtrude</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of obtruding; a thrusting upon others by force or unsolicited; <as>as, the <ex>obtrusion</ex> of crude opinions on the world</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is obtruded.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Obtrusionist</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tru"sion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices or excuses obtrusion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gent. Mag.</i>

<h1>Obtrusive</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tru"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disposed to obtrude; inclined to intrude or thrust one's self or one's opinions upon others, or to enter uninvited; forward; pushing; intrusive.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ob*tru"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ob*tru"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Not obvious, not <b>obtrusive</b>, but retired.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obtund</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tund"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Obtunded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Obtunding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>obtundere</ets>, <ets>obtusum</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>tundere</ets> to strike or beat.  See <er>Stutter</er>.]</ety> <def>To reduce the edge, pungency, or violent action of; to dull; to blunt; to deaden; to quell; <as>as, to <ex>obtund</ex> the acrimony of the gall</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<blockquote>They...have filled all our law books with the <b>obtunding</b> story of their suits and trials.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obtundent</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tund"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obtundens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>obtundere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A substance which sheathes a part, or blunts irritation, usually some bland, oily, or mucilaginous matter; -- nearly the same as <i>demulcent</i>.</def>

<i>Forsyth.</i>

<h1>Obtunder</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tund"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>That which obtunds or blunts; especially, that which blunts sensibility.</def>

<h1>Obturation</h1>
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<hw>Ob`tu*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obturare</ets> to stop up: cf.F. <ets>obturation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of stopping up, or closing, an opening.</def> "Deaf by an outward <i>obturation</i>."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Obturator</h1>
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<hw>Ob"tu*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>obturare</ets> to stop up: cf.F. <ets>obturateur</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which closes or stops an opening.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An apparatus designed to close an unnatural opening, as a fissure of the palate.</def>

<h1>Obturator</h1>
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<hw>Ob"tu*ra`tor</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Serving as an obturator; closing an opening; pertaining to, or in the region of, the obturator foramen; <as>as, the <ex>obturator</ex> nerve</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Obturator foramen</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>an opening situated between the public and ischial parts of the innominate bone and closed by the <i>obturator membrane<i>; the thyroid foramen.</cd></cs>

<h1>Obtusangular</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tus"an`gu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Obstuseangular</er>.</def>

<h1>Obtuse</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Obtuser</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Obtusest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>obtusus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>obtundere</ets> to blunt: cf. F. <ets>obtus</ets>. See <er>Obtund</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not pointed or acute; blunt; -- applied esp. to angles greater than a right angle, or containing more than ninety degrees.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not having acute sensibility or perceptions; dull; stupid; <as>as, <ex>obtuse</ex> senses</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Dull; deadened; <as>as, <ex>obtuse</ex> sound</as>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Obtuse-angled, obtuse-angular</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ob*tuse"-an`gled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>ob*tuse"-an`gu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having an obtuse angle; <as>as, an <ex>obtuse-angled</ex> triangle</as>.</def>

<h1>Obtusely</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tuse"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an obtuse manner.</def>

<h1>Obtuseness</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tuse"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or quality of being obtuse.</def>

<h1>Obtusion</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tu"sion</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obtusio</ets>, from <ets>obtundere</ets> to blunt. See <er>Obtund</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of making obtuse or blunt.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being dulled or blunted; <as>as, the <ex>obtusion</ex> of the senses</as>.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Obtusity</h1>
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<hw>Ob*tu"si*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Obtuseness.</def> <i>Lond. Quart. Rev</i>.

<h1>Obumbrant</h1>
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<hw>Ob*um"brant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>obumbrans</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Overhanging; <as>as, <ex>obumbrant</ex> feathers</as>.</def>

<h1>Obumbrate</h1>
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<hw>Ob*um"brate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obumbratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>obumbrare</ets> to overshadow, cloud; <ets>ob + umbrare</ets> to shade.]</ety> <def>To shade; to darken; to cloud.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Obumbration</h1>
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<hw>Ob`um*bra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obumbratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of darkening or obscuring.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Obuncous</h1>
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<hw>Ob*un"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obuncus</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>uncus</ets> hooked.]</ety> <def>Hooked or crooked in an extreme degree.</def>

<i>Maunder.</i>

<h1>Obvention</h1>
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<hw>Ob*ven"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obvention</ets>, fr. <ets>obvenire</ets> to come before or in the way of, to befall; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>venire</ets> to come: cf.F. <ets>obvention</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of happening incidentally; that which happens casually; an incidental advantage; an occasional offering.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Tithes and other <i>obventions</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Legacies bequeathed by the deaths of princes and great persons, and other casualities and <b>obventions</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obversant</h1>
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<hw>Ob*vers"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obversans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>obversari</ets> to hover before; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>versare</ets> to move about.]</ety> <def>Conversant; familiar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Obverse</h1>
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<hw>Ob*verse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obversus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>obvertere</ets>. See <er>Obvert</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the base, or end next the attachment, narrower than the top, as a leaf.</def>

<h1>Obverse</h1>
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<hw>Ob"verse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>obverse</ets>, <ets>obvers</ets>. See <er>Obverse</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The face of a coin which has the principal image or inscription upon it; -- the other side being the <i>reverse</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything necessarily involved in, or answering to, another; the more apparent or conspicuous of two possible sides, or of two corresponding things.</def>

<blockquote>The fact that it [a belief] invariably exists being the <b>obverse</b> of the fact that there is no alternative belief.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="994">
Page 994<p>

<h1>Obversely</h1>
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<hw>Ob*verse"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an obverse manner.</def>

<h1>Obversion</h1>
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<hw>Ob*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obversio</ets> a turning towards.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of turning toward or downward.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The act of immediate inference, by which we deny the opposite of anything which has been affirmed; <as>as, all men are mortal; then, by <ex>obversion</ex>, no men are immortal</as>. This is also described as "immediate inference by privative conception."</def>

<i>Bain.</i>

<h1>Obvert</h1>
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<hw>Ob*vert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Obverted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Obverting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>obvertere</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>vertere</ets> to turn. See <er>Verse</er>.]</ety> <def>To turn toward.</def>

<blockquote>If its base be <b>obverted</b> towards us.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obviate</h1>
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<hw>Ob"vi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Obviated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Obviating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>obviare</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>viare</ets> to go, fr. <ets>via</ets> way. See <er>Voyage</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To meet in the way.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Not to stir a step to <b>obviate</b> any of a different religion.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To anticipate; to prevent by interception; to remove from the way or path; to make unnecessary; <as>as, to <ex>obviate</ex> the necessity of going</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To lay down everything in its full light, so as to <b>obviate</b> all exceptions.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Obviation</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Ob`vi*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of obviating, or the state of being obviated.</def>

<h1>Obvious</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Ob"vi*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obvius</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>via</ets> way. See <er>Voyage</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Opposing; fronting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To the evil turn
My <b>obvious</b> breast.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exposed; subject; open; liable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Obvious</i> to dispute."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Easily discovered, seen, or understood; readily perceived by the eye or the intellect; plain; evident; apparent; <as>as, an <ex>obvious</ex> meaning; an <ex>obvious</ex> remark.</as></def>

<blockquote>Apart and easy to be known they lie,
Amidst the heap, and <b>obvious</b> to the eye.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Plain; clear; evident. See <er>Manifest</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ob"vi*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ob"vi*ous-ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Obvolute, Obvoluted</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw><hw>Ob"vo*lute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ob`vo*lu"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>obvolutus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>obvolvere</ets> to wrap round; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>volvere</ets> to roll.]</ety> <def>Overlapping; contorted; convolute; -- applied primarily, in botany, to two opposite leaves, each of which has one edge overlapping the nearest edge of the other, and secondarily to a circle of several leaves or petals which thus overlap.</def>

<h1>Oby</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>O"by</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Obi</er>.</def>

<h1>Oca</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>O"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Peruvian name for certain species of Oxalis (<spn>O. crenata</spn>, and <spn>O. tuberosa</spn>) which bear edible tubers.</def>

<h1>Occamy</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc"ca*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>alchemy</ets>.]</ety> <def>An alloy imitating gold or silver.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ochimy</asp>, <asp>ochymy</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Occasion</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*ca"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>occasion</ets>, L. <ets>occasio</ets>, fr.<ets>occidere</ets>, <ets>occasum</ets>, to fall down; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>cadere</ets> to fall. See <er>Chance</er>, and cf. <er>Occident</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A falling out, happening, or coming to pass; hence, that which falls out or happens; occurrence; incident.</def>

<blockquote>The unlooked-for incidents of family history, and its hidden excitements, and its arduous <b>occasions</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A favorable opportunity; a convenient or timely chance; convenience.</def>

<blockquote>Sin, taking <b>occasion</b> by the commandment, deceived me.
<i>Rom. vii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I'll take the <b>occasion</b> which he gives to bring
Him to his death.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An occurrence or condition of affairs which brings with it some unlooked-for event; that which incidentally brings to pass an event, without being its efficient cause or sufficient reason; accidental or incidental cause.</def>

<blockquote>Her beauty was the <b>occasion</b> of the war.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Need; exigency; requirement; necessity; <as>as, I have no <ex>occasion</ex> for firearms</as>.</def>

<blockquote>After we have served ourselves and our own <b>occasions</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When my <b>occasions</b> took me into France.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A reason or excuse; a motive; a persuasion.</def>

<blockquote>Whose manner was, all passengers to stay,
And entertain with her <b>occasions</b> sly.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>On occasion</col>, <cd>in case of need; in necessity; as convenience requires; occasionally. "That we might have intelligence from him <i>on occasion<i>,"</cd></cs>

<i>De Foe.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Need; incident; use. See <er>Opportunity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Occasion</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*ca"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Occasioned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Occasioning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>occasionner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To give occasion to; to cause; to produce; to induce; <as>as, to <ex>occasion</ex> anxiety</as>.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>If we inquire what it is that <b>occasions</b> men to make several combinations of simple ideas into distinct modes.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Occasionable</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*ca"sion*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being occasioned or caused.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Occasional</h1>
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<hw>Oc*ca"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>occasionnel</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an occasion or to occasions; occuring at times, but not constant, regular, or systematic; made or happening as opportunity requires or admits; casual; incidental; <as>as, <ex>occasional</ex> remarks, or efforts</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The... <b>occasional</b> writing of the present times.
<i>Bagehot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Produced by accident; <as>as, the <ex>occasional</ex> origin of a thing</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<cs><col>Occasional cause</col> (<mark>Metaph.<mark>), <cd>some circumstance preceding an effect which, without being the real cause, becomes the occasion of the action of the efficient cause; thus, the act of touching gunpowder with fire is the <i>occasional<i>, but not the efficient, cause of an explosion.</cd></cs>

<h1>Occasionalism</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*ca"sion*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The system of occasional causes; -- a name given to certain theories of the Cartesian school of philosophers, as to the intervention of the First Cause, by which they account for the apparent reciprocal action of the soul and the body.</def>

<h1>Occasionality</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*ca`sion*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality or state of being occasional; occasional occurrence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Occasionally</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*ca"sion*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an occasional manner; on occasion; at times, as convenience requires or opportunity offers; not regularly.</def>

<i>Stewart.</i>

<blockquote>The one, Wolsey, directly his subject by birth; the other, his subject <b>occasionally</b> by his preferment.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Occasionate</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*ca"sion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To occasion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The lowest may <b>occasionate</b> much ill.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Occasioner</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*ca"sion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, occasions, causes, or produces.</def>

<i>Bp. Sanderson.</i>

<h1>Occasive</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*ca"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>occasivus</ets>, fr. <ets>occasus</ets> a going down, setting of the heavenly bodies, fr. <ets>occidere</ets> to fall or down. See <er>Occasion</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the setting sun; falling; descending; western.</def>

<h1>Occecation</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*ce*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>occaecatio</ets>, fr. <ets>occaecare</ets> to make blind; <ets>ob + caecare</ets> to blind, fr. <ets>caecus</ets> blind.]</ety> <def>The act of making blind, or the state of being blind.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "This inward <i>occecation</i>."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Occident</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc"ci*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>occidens</ets>, <ets>occidentis</ets>, fr. <ets>occidents</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>occidere</ets> to fall or go down. See <er>Occasion</er>.]</ety> <def>The part of the horizon where the sun last appears in the evening; that part of the earth towards the sunset; the west; -- opposed to <i>orient</i>. Specifically, in former times, Europe as opposed to Asia; now, also, the Western hemisphere.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>I may wander from east to <b>occident</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Occidental</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc`ci*den"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>occidentalis</ets>; cf. F.<ets>occidental</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of, pertaining to, or situated in, the occident, or west; western; -- opposed to <i>oriental</i>; <as>as, <ex>occidental</ex> climates, or customs; an <ex>occidental</ex> planet.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Possessing inferior hardness, brilliancy, or beauty; -- used of inferior precious stones and gems, because those found in the Orient are generally superior.</def>

<h1>Occidentals</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc`ci*den"tals</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Western Christians of the Latin rite.  See <er>Orientals</er>.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Occiduous</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*cid"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>occiduus</ets>, fr. <ets>occidere</ets> to go down.]</ety> <def>Western; occidental.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Occipital</h1>
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<hw>Oc*cip"i*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>occipital</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the occiput, or back part of the head, or to the occipital bone.</def>

<cs><col>Occipital bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the bone which forms the posterior segment of the skull and surrounds the great foramen by which the spinal cord leaves the cranium. In the higher vertebrates it is usually composed of four bones, which become consolidated in the adult.</cd> -- <col>Occipital point</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the point of the occiput in the mesial plane farthest from the ophryon.</cd></cs>

<h1>Occipital</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*cip"i*tal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The occipital bone.</def>

<h1>Occipito-</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*cip"i*to-</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Occiput</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form denoting <i>relation to</i>, or <i>situation near</i>, <i>the occiput</i>; <as>as, <ex>occipito</ex>-axial; <ex>occipito</ex>-mastoid.</as></def>

<h1>Occipitoaxial</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*cip`i*to*ax"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the occipital bone and second vertebra, or axis.</def>

<h1>Occiput</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc"ci*put</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Occipita</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Occiputs</plw></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>caput</ets> head. See <er>Chief</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The back, or posterior, part of the head or skull; the region of the occipital bone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A plate which forms the back part of the head of insects.</def>

<h1>Occision</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*ci"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>occisio</ets>, fr. <ets>occidere</ets>, <ets>occisium</ets>, to cut down, to kill; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>caedere</ets> to cut.]</ety> <def>A killing; the act of killing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Occlude</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*clude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>occludere</ets>, <ets>occlusum</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>claudere</ets> to shut.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shut up; to close.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To take in and retain; to absorb; -- said especially with respect to gases; as iron, platinum, and palladium <i>occlude</i> large volumes of hydrogen.</def>

<h1>Occludent</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*clud"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>occludens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>occludere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to close; shutting up.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>That which closes or shuts up.</def></def2>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Occluse</h1>
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<hw>Oc*cluse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. occlusus, p.p.  See <er>Occlude</er>.]</ety> <def>Shut; closed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holder.</i>

<h1>Occlusion</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*clu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Occlude</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of occluding, or the state of being occluded.</def>

<blockquote>Constriction and <b>occlusion</b> of the orifice.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The transient approximation of the edges of a natural opening; imperforation.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<cs><col>Occlusion of gases</col> <fld>(Chem. & Physics)</fld>, <cd>the phenomenon of absorbing gases, as exhibited by platinum, palladium, iron, or charcoal; thus, palladium absorbs, or <i>occludes<i>, nearly a thousand times its own volume of hydrogen, and in this case a chemical compound seems to be formed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Occrustate</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*crus"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ob-</er>, and <er>Crustated</er>.]</ety> <def>To incrust; to harden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Occult</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*cult"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>occultus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>occulere</ets> to cover up, hide; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + a root prob.akin to E. <ets>hell</ets>: cf. F. <ets>occulte</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hidden from the eye or the understanding; inviable; secret; concealed; unknown.</def>

<blockquote>It is of an <b>occult</b> kind, and is so insensible in its advances as to escape observation.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Occult line</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a line drawn as a part of the construction of a figure or problem, but not to appear in the finished plan.</cd> -- <col>Occult qualities</col>, <cd>those qualities whose effects only were observed, but the nature and relations of whose productive agencies were undetermined; -- so called by the schoolmen.</cd> -- <col>Occult sciences</col>, <cd>those sciences of the Middle Ages which related to the supposed action or influence of occult qualities, or supernatural powers, as alchemy, magic, necromancy, and astrology.</cd></cs>

<h1>Occult</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*cult"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To eclipse; to hide from sight.</def>

<h1>Occultation</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc`cul*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>occultatio</ets> a hiding, fr. <ets>occultare</ets>, v. intens. of <ets>occulere</ets>: cf.F. <ets>occultation</ets>. See <er>Occult</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The hiding of a heavenly body from sight by the intervention of some other of the heavenly bodies; -- applied especially to eclipses of stars and planets by the moon, and to the eclipses of satellites of planets by their primaries.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: The state of being occult.</def>

<blockquote>The reappearance of such an author after those long periods of <b>occultation</b>.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Circle of perpetual occultation</col>. <cd>See under <er>Circle</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Occulted</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*cult"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hidden; secret.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Concealed by the intervention of some other heavenly body, as a star by the moon.</def>

<h1>Occulting</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*cult"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Occultation</er>.</def>

<h1>Occultism</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*cult"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A certain Oriental system of theosophy.</def>

<i>A. P. Sinnett.</i>

<h1>Occultist</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*cult"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An adherent of occultism.</def>

<h1>Occultly</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*cult"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an occult manner.</def>

<h1>Occultness</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*cult"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or quality of being occult.</def>

<h1>Occupancy</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc"cu*pan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Occupant</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of taking or holding possession; possession; occupation.</def>

<cs><col>Title by occupancy</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a right of property acquired by taking the first possession of a thing, or possession of a thing which belonged to nobody, and appropriating it.</cd></cs>

<i>Blackstone. Kent.</i>

<h1>Occupant</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc"cu*pant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>occupans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>occupare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>occupant</ets>. See <er>Occupy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who occupies, or takes possession; one who has the actual use or possession, or is in possession, of a thing.</def>

<note>&hand; This word, in law, sometimes signifies one who takes the first possession of a thing that has no owner.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A prostitute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Occupate</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc"cu*pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>occupatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>occupare</ets>. See <er>Occupy</er>.]</ety> <def>To occupy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Occupation</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc`cu*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>occupatio</ets>: cf.F. <ets>occupation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of occupying or taking possession; actual possession and control; the state of being occupied; a holding or keeping; tenure; use; <as>as, the <ex>occupation</ex> of lands by a tenant</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which occupies or engages the time and attention; the principal business of one's life; vocation; employment; calling; trade.</def>

<blockquote>Absence of <b>occupation</b> is not rest.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Occupation bridge</col> <fld>(Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a bridge connecting the parts of an estate separated by a railroad, a canal, or an ordinary road.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Occupancy; possession; tenure; use; employment; avocation; engagement; vocation; calling; office; trade; profession.</syn>

<h1>Occupier</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc"cu*pi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who occupies, or has possession.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who follows an employment; hence, a tradesman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Merchants and <i>occupiers</i>."

<i>Holland.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>occupiers</b> of thy merchandise.
<i>Ezek. xxvii. 27.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Occupy</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc"cu*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Occupied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Occupying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>occupien</ets>, F. <ets>occuper</ets>, fr.L. <ets>occupare</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + a word akin to <ets>capere</ets> to take. See <er>Capacious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take or hold possession of; to hold or keep for use; to possess.</def>

<blockquote>Woe <b>occupieth</b> the fine [/end] of our gladness.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The better apartments were already <b>occupied</b>.
<i>W. Irving</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hold, or fill, the dimensions of; to take up the room or space of; to cover or fill; <as>as, the camp <ex>occupies</ex> five acres of ground</as>.</def>

<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To possess or use the time or capacity of; to engage the service of; to employ; to busy.</def>

<blockquote>An archbishop may have cause to <b>occupy</b> more chaplains than six.
<i>Eng. Statute (Hen. VIII. )</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>occupied</b> themselves about the Sabbath.
<i>2 Macc. viii. 27.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To do business in; to busy one's self with.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All the ships of the sea, with their mariners, were in thee to <b>occupy</b> the merchandise.
<i>Ezek. xxvii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Not able to <b>occupy</b> their old crafts.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To use; to expend; to make use of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All the gold that was <b>occupied</b> for the work.
<i>Ex. xxxviii. 24.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>occupy</b> not money themselves.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To have sexual intercourse with.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Occupy</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc"cu*py</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hold possession; to be an occupant.</def> "<i>Occupy</i> till I come."

<i>Luke xix. 13.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To follow business; to traffic.</def>

<h1>Occur</h1>
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<hw>Oc*cur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Occurred</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Occurring</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>occurrere</ets>, <ets>occursum</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>currere</ets> to run. See <er>Course</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To meet; to clash.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The resistance of the bodies they <b>occur</b> with.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To go in order to meet; to make reply.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I must <b>occur</b> to one specious objection.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To meet one's eye; to be found or met with; to present itself; to offer; to appear; to happen; to take place; <as>as, I will write if opportunity <ex>occurs</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>In Scripture, though the word heir <b>occur</b>, yet there is no such thing as "heir" in our author's sense.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To meet or come to the mind; to suggest itself; to be presented to the imagination or memory.</def>

<blockquote>There doth not <b>occur</b> to me any use of this experiment for profit.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Occurrence</h1>
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<hw>Oc*cur"rence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>occurrence</ets>. See <er>Occur</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A coming or happening; <as>as, the <ex>occurence</ex> of a railway collision</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Voyages detain the mind by the perpetual <b>occurrence</b> and expectation of something new.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any incident or event; esp., one which happens without being designed or expected; <as>as, an unusual <ex>occurrence</ex>, or the ordinary <ex>occurrences</ex> of life</as>.</def>

<blockquote>All the <b>occurrence</b> of my fortune.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Event</er>.</syn>

<h1>Occurrent</h1>
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<hw>Oc*cur"rent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>occurrens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>occurrere</ets>: cf.F. <ets>occurrent</ets>. See <er>Occur</er>.]</ety> <def>Occurring or happening; hence, incidental; accidental.</def>

<h1>Occurrent</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*cur"rent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who meets; hence, an adversary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything that happens; an occurrence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>These we must meet with in obvious <b>occurrents</b> of the world.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Occurse</h1>
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<hw>Oc*curse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>occursus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Occursion</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Occursion</h1>
<Xpage=994>

<hw>Oc*cur"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>occursio</ets>. See <er>Occur</er>.]</ety> <def>A meeting; a clash; a collision.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<hr>
<page="995">
Page 995<p>

<h1>Ocean</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>O"cean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>oc\'82an</ets>, L. <ets>oceanus</ets>, Gr.<?/ ocean, in Homer, the great river supposed to encompass the earth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The whole body of salt water which covers more than three fifths of the surface of the globe; -- called also the <altname>sea</altname>, or <altname>great sea</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>Like the odor of brine from the <b>ocean</b>
<b>Comes the thought of other years</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the large bodies of water into which the great ocean is regarded as divided, as the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic and Antarctic <i>oceans</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An immense expanse; any vast space or quantity without apparent limits; <as>as, the boundless <ex>ocean</ex> of eternity; an <ex>ocean</ex> of affairs.</as></def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Ocean</h1>
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<hw>O"cean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the main or great sea; <as>as, the <ex>ocean</ex> waves; an <ex>ocean</ex> stream.</as></def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Oceanic</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>O`ce*an"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>oc\'82anique</ets>. See <er>Ocean</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the ocean; found or formed in or about, or produced by, the ocean; frequenting the ocean, especially mid-ocean.</def>

<blockquote>Petrels are the most a\'89rial and <b>oceanic</b> of birds.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Oceania or its inhabitants.</def>

<h1>Oceanography</h1>
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<hw>O`cean*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ocean</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of the ocean.</def>

<h1>Oceanology</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>O`cean*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ocean</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of science which relates to the ocean.</def>

<h1>Oceanus</h1>
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<hw>O*ce"a*nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr.Myth.)</fld> <def>The god of the great outer sea, or the river which was believed to flow around the whole earth.</def>

<h1>Ocellary</h1>
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<hw>O*cel"la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ocelli.</def>

<h1>Ocellate</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>O*cel"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ocellated</er>.</def>

<h1>Ocellated</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>O*cel"la*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>ocellatus</ets>, fr. <ets>ocellus</ets> a little eye, dim. of <ets>oculus</ets> an eye.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resembling an eye.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Marked with eyelike spots of color; <as>as, the <ex>ocellated</ex> blenny</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Ocellated turkey</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the wild turkey of Central America (<spn>Meleagris ocellata</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Ocellus</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>O*cel"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ocelli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>oculus</ets> an eye.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A little eye; a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An eyelike spot of color, as those on the tail of the peacock.</def>

<h1>Oceloid</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>O"ce*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ocelot</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling the ocelot.</def>

<h1>Ocelot</h1>
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<hw>O"ce*lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Mexican <ets>ocelotl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American feline carnivore (<spn>Felis pardalis</spn>). It ranges from the Southwestern United States to Patagonia. It is covered with blackish ocellated spots and blotches, which are variously arranged.  The ground color varies from reddish gray to tawny yellow.</def>

<h1>Ocher, Ochre</h1>
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<hw><hw>O"cher</hw>, <hw>O"chre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.<ets>ocre</ets>, L. <ets>ochra</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, from (<?/) pale, pale yellow.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A impure earthy ore of iron or a ferruginous clay, usually red (hematite) or yellow (limonite), -- used as a pigment in making paints, etc. The name is also applied to clays of other colors.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A metallic oxide occurring in earthy form; <as>as, tungstic <ex>ocher</ex> or tungstite</as>.</def>

<h1>Ocherous, Ochreous</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw><hw>O"cher*ous</hw>, <hw>O"chre*ous</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ocreux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to ocher; containing or resembling ocher; <as>as, <ex>ocherous</ex> matter; <ex>ocherous</ex> soil.</as></def>

<h1>Ochery</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>O"cher*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ocherous.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ochrey</asp>, <asp>ochry</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ochimy</h1>
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<hw>Och`i*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Occamy</er>.</def>

<h1>Ochlesis</h1>
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<hw>Och*le"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ disturbance, fr. <?/ crowd, mob.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A general morbid condition induced by the crowding together of many persons, esp. sick persons, under one roof.</def>

<i>G. Gregory.</i>

<h1>Ochlocracy</h1>
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<hw>Och*loc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ the populace, multitude + <?/ to be strong, to rule, <?/ strength: cf.F. <ets>ochlocratie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A form of government by the multitude; a mobocracy.</def>

<i>Hare.</i>

<h1>Ochlocratic, Ochlocratical</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw><hw>Och`lo*crat`ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Och`lo*crat`ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ochlocracy; having the form or character of an ochlocracy; mobocratic.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Och`lo*crat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ochraceous</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>O*chra"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ocherous.</def>

<h1>Ochre</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>O"chre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ocher</er>.</def>

<h1>Ochrea</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>O"chre*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ochre\'91e</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A greave or legging.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of sheath formed by two stipules united round a stem.</def>

<h1>Ochreate, Ochreated</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw><hw>O"chre*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O"chre*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wearing or furnished with an ochrea or legging; wearing boots; booted.</def>

<blockquote>A scholar undertook...to address himself <b>ochreated</b> unto the vice chancellor.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Provided with ochrea, or sheathformed stipules, as the rhubarb, yellow dock, and knotgrass.</def>

<h1>Ochreous</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>O"chre*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Ocherous</er>.</def>

<h1>Ochrey</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>O"chrey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Ochery</er>.</def>

<h1>Ochroleucous</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>Och`ro*leu"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ ocher + <?/ white.]</ety> <def>Yellowish white; having a faint tint of dingy yellow.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Ochry</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>O"chry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Ochery</er>.</def>

<h1>Ochymy</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>Och"y*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Occamy</er>.</def>

<h1>-ock</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>-ock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[AS. <ets>-uc</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix used to form <i>diminutives</i>; <as>as, bull<ex>ock</ex>, hill<ex>ock</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Ocra</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>O"cra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Okra</er>.</def>

<h1>Ocrea</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>O"cre*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See <er>Ochrea</er>.</def>

<h1>Ocreate, Ocreated</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw><hw>O"cre*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O"cre*a"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ochrea</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Ochreate</er>, <er>Ochreated</er>.</def>

<h1>Octa-</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>Oc"ta-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A prefix meaning <i>eight</i>. See <er>Octo-</er>.</def>

<h1>Octachord</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>Oc"ta*chord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ with eight strings; <?/ (for <?/ eight) + <?/ string, chord: cf.F. <ets>octacorde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An instrument of eight strings; a system of eight tones.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>octochord</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Octad</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>Oc"tad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the number eight.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An atom or radical which has a valence of eight, or is octavalent.</def>

<h1>Octaedral</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>Oc`ta*e"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Octahedral</er>.</def>

<h1>Octaemeron</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>Oc`ta*em"e*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, neut. of <?/ of the eighth day.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A fast of eight days before a great festival.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Octagon</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>Oc"ta*gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ eight-cornered; <?/ (for <?/ eight) + <?/ an angle: cf.F. <ets>cctogone</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A plane figure of eight sides and eight angles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any structure (as a fortification) or place with eight sides or angles.</def>

<cs><col>Regular octagon</col>, <cd>one in which the sides are all equal, and the angles also are all equal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Octagonal</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>Oc*tag"o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having eight sides and eight angles.</def>

<h1>Octagynous</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>Oc*tag"y*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Octa-</ets> + Gr. <?/ wife.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having eight pistils or styles; octogynous.</def>

<h1>Octahedral</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>Oc`ta*he"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Octahedron</er>.]</ety> <def>Having eight faces or sides; of, pertaining to, or formed in, octahedrons; <as>as, <ex>octahedral</ex> cleavage</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Octahedral borax</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>borax obtained from a saturated solution in octahedral crystals, which contain five molecules of water of crystallization; distinguished from common or <i>prismatic borax<i>.</cd> -- <col>Octahedral iron ore</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>magnetite.</cd></cs>

<h1>Octahedrite</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>Oc`ta*he"drite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Titanium dioxide occurring in acute octahedral crystals.</def>

<h1>Octahedron</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>Oc`ta*he"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/, fr. <?/  eight-side; <?/ (for <?/ eight) + <?/ seat, base, from <?/ to sit.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A solid bounded by eight faces. The regular octahedron is contained by eight equal equilateral triangles.</def>

<h1>Octamerous</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>Oc*tam"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Octa-</ets> + Gr. <?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having the parts in eights; <as>as, an <ex>octamerous</ex> flower; <ex>octamerous</ex> mesenteries in polyps.</as></def>

<h1>Octameter</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>Oc*tam"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.L. <ets>octameter</ets> in eight feet. See <er>Octa-</er>, and <er>meter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A verse containing eight feet; as, --

<blockquote>Deep\'b6 in|to\'b6 the | dark\'b6ness | peer\'b6ing, | long\'b6 I | stood\'b6 there | wond'\'b6ring, | fear\'b6ing.
<i>Poe.</i></blockquote>
</def>

<h1>Octander</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>Oc*tan"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Octandria.</def>

<h1>Octandria</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>Oc*tan"dri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ (for <?/ eight) + <?/, <?/, male, man.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an class of plants, in which the flowers have eight stamens not united to one another or to the pistil.</def>

<h1>Octandrian, Octandrous</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw><hw>Oc*tan"dri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Oc*tan"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Octandria; having eight distinct stamens.</def>

<h1>Octane</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>Oc"tane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Octa-</er>]</ety> . <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a group of metametric hydrocarcons (<chform>C8H18</chform>) of the methane series. The most important is a colorless, volatile, inflammable liquid, found in petroleum, and a constituent of benzene or ligroin.</def>

<h1>Octangular</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>Oc*tan"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>octangulus</ets> eight-cornered; <ets>octo</ets> eight + <ets>angulus</ets> angle.]</ety> <def>Having eight angles; eight-angled.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Oc*tan"gu*lar*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Octant</h1>
<Xpage=995>

<hw>Oc"tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>octans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>. fr. <ets>octo</ets> eight. See <er>Octave</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The eighth part of a circle; an arc of 45 degrees.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron. & Astrol.)</fld> <def>The position or aspect of a heavenly body, as the moon or a planet, when half way between conjunction, or opposition, and quadrature, or distant from another body 45 degrees.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An instrument for measuring angles (generally called a <i>quadrant</i>), having an arc which measures up to 9O&deg;, but being itself the eighth part of a circle. Cf. <er>Sextant</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Math. & Crystallog.)</fld> <def>One of the eight parts into which a space is divided by three co\'94rdinate planes.</def>

<h1>Octapla</h1>
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<hw>Oc"ta*pla</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; etymol. <tt>pl.</tt>, but syntactically <tt>sing.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr.Gr. <?/ (for <?/ eight) + <ets>-pla</ets>, as in E. <ets>hexapla</ets>; cf.Gr. <?/ eightfold.]</ety> <def>A portion of the Old Testament prepared by Origen in the 3d century, containing the Hebrew text and seven Greek versions of it, arranged in eight parallel columns.</def>

<h1>Octaroon</h1>
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<hw>Oc`ta*roon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Octoroon</er>.</def>

<h1>Octastyle</h1>
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<hw>Oc"ta*style</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Octostyle</er>.</def>

<h1>Octateuch</h1>
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<hw>Oc"ta*teuch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>octateuchus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A collection of eight books; especially, the first eight books of the Old Testament.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Octavalent</h1>
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<hw>Oc*tav"a*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Octa-</ets> + L. <ets>valens</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Valence</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having a valence of eight; capable of being combined with, exchanged for, or compared with, eight atoms of hydrogen; -- said of certain atoms or radicals.</def>

<h1>Octave</h1>
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<hw>Oc"tave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>octava</ets> an eighth, fr. <ets>octavus</ets> eighth, fr. <ets>octo</ets> eight. See <er>Eight</er>, and cf. <er>Octavo</er>, <er>Utas</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The eighth day after a church festival, the festival day being included; also, the week following a church festival.</def> "The <i>octaves</i> of Easter."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The eighth tone in the scale; the interval between one and eight of the scale, or any interval of equal length; an interval of five tones and two semitones. </def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The whole diatonic scale itself.</def>

<note>&hand; The ratio of a musical tone to its <i>octave</i> above is 1:2 as regards the number of vibrations producing the tones.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Poet.)</fld> <def>The first two stanzas of a sonnet, consisting of four verses each; a stanza of eight lines.</def>

<blockquote>With mournful melody it continued this <b>octave</b>.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Double octave</col>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Double</er>.</cd> -- <col>Octave flute</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a small flute, the tones of which range an octave higher than those of the German or ordinary flute; -- called also <altname>piccolo</altname>. See <er>Piccolo</er>.</cd></cs>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A small cask of wine, the eighth part of a pipe.</def>

<h1>Octave</h1>
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<hw>Oc"tave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of eight; eight.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Octavo</h1>
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<hw>Oc*ta"vo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>;<plu>pl. <plw>Octavos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>in octavo</ets>; <ets>in</ets> in + <ets>octavo</ets>, abl. of <ets>octavus</ets>. See <er>Octave</er>.]</ety> <def>A book composed of sheets each of which is folded into eight leaves; hence, indicating more or less definitely a size of book so made; -- usually written 8vo or 8&deg;.</def>

<h1>Octavo</h1>
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<hw>Oc*ta"vo</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having eight leaves to a sheet; <as>as, an <ex>octavo</ex> form, book, leaf, size, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Octene</h1>
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<hw>Oc"tene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Octo-</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Octylene</er>.</def>

<h1>Octennial</h1>
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<hw>Oc*ten"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>octennium</ets> a period of eight years; <ets>octo</ets> eight + <ets>annus</ets> year.]</ety> <def>Happening every eighth year; also, lasting a period of eight years.</def> <i>Johnson</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Oc*ten"ni*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Octet</h1>
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<hw>Oc*tet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>octo</ets> eight, like E. <ets>duet</ets>, fr.L.<ets>duo</ets>. See <er>Octave</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A composition for eight parts, usually for eight solo instruments or voices.</def>

<h1>Octic</h1>
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<hw>Oc"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Octo-</ets> + <ets>-ic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of the eighth degree or order.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>A quantic of the eighth degree.</def></def2>

<h1>Octile</h1>
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<hw>Oc"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>octil</ets>, a. See <er>Octant</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Octant</er>, 2.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Octillion</h1>
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<hw>Oc*til"lion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>octo</ets> eight + <ets>-illion</ets>, as in E. <ets>million</ets>: cf. F. <ets>octillion</ets>.]</ety> <def>According to the French method of numeration (which method is followed also in the United States) the number expressed by a unit with twenty-seven ciphers annexed.  According to the English method, the number expressed by a unit with forty-eight ciphers annexed. See <er>Numeration</er>.</def>

<h1>Octo-, Octa-</h1>
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<hw><hw>Oc"to-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Oc"ta-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <ety>[L.<ets>octo</ets> eight, Gr. <?/, with a combining form <?/. Cf.<er>Eight</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form meaning <i>eight</i>; as in <i>octo</i>decimal, <i>octo</i>decimal, <i>octo</i>locular.</def>

<h1>Octoate</h1>
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<hw>Oc"to*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of an octoic acid; a caprylate.</def>

<h1>October</h1>
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<hw>Oc*to"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the eighth month of the primitive Roman year, which began in March, fr. <ets>octo</ets> eight: cf.F. <ets>Octobre</ets>. See <er>Octave</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The tenth month of the year, containing thirty-one days.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ale or cider made in that month.</def>

<blockquote>The country gentlemen had a posset or drink they called <b>October</b>.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Octocera</h1>
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<hw>Oc*toc"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Octocerata.</def>

<h1>Octocerata</h1>
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<hw>Oc`to*cer"a*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.<?/ eight + <?/, a horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of Cephalopoda including Octopus, Argonauta, and allied genera, having eight arms around the head; -- called also <altname>Octopoda</altname>.</def>

<h1>Octochord</h1>
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<hw>Oc"to*chord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Octachord</er>.</def>

<h1>Octodecimo</h1>
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<hw>Oc`todec"i*mo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>octodecim</ets> eighteen. See <er>Octavo</er>, <er>Decimal</er>, and <er>-mo</er>.]</ety> <def>Having eighteen leaves to a sheet; <as>as, an <ex>octodecimo</ex> form, book, leaf, size, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Octodecimo</h1>
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<hw>Oc`to*dec"i*mo</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Octodecimos</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A book composed of sheets each of which is folded into eighteen leaves; hence; indicating more or less definitely a size of book, whose sheets are so folded; -- usually written 18mo or 18&deg;, and called <i>eighteenmo</i>.</def>

<h1>Octodentate</h1>
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<hw>Oc`to*den"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Octo-</ets> + <ets>dentate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having eight teeth.</def>

<h1>Octodont</h1>
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<hw>Oc"to*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Octo-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the <spn>Octodontid\'91</spn>, a family of rodents which includes the coypu, and many other South American species.</def>

<h1>Octoedrical</h1>
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<hw>Oc`to*ed"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Octahedral</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Octofid</h1>
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<hw>Oc"to*fid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Octo-</ets> + root of L. <ets>findere</ets> to split: cf.F. <ets>octofide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Cleft or separated into eight segments, as a calyx.</def>

<h1>Octogamy</h1>
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<hw>Oc*tog"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Octo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ marriage.]</ety> <def>A marrying eight times.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Octogenarian</h1>
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<hw>Oc`to*ge*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person eighty years, or more, of age.</def>

<h1>Octogenary</h1>
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<hw>Oc*tog"e*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>octogenarrus</ets>, from <ets>octogeni</ets> eighty each, <ets>octoginta</ets> eighty, fr. <ets>octo</ets> eight. See <er>Eight</er>, <er>Eighty</er>.]</ety> <def>Of eighty years of age.</def> "Being then <i>octogenary</i>."

<i>Aubrey.</i>

<h1>Octogild</h1>
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<hw>Oc"to*gild</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Octo-</ets> + AS. <ets>gild</ets> payment.]</ety> <fld>(Anglo-Saxon Law)</fld> <def>A pecuniary compensation for an injury, of eight times the value of the thing.</def>

<h1>Octogonal</h1>
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<hw>Oc*tog"o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Octagonal</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Octogynia</h1>
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<hw>Oc`to*gyn"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ eight + <?/ a woman, female.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linnaean order of plants having eight pistils.</def>

<h1>Octogynian, Octogynous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Oc`to*gyn"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Oc*tog"y*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having eight pistils; octagynous.</def>

<h1>Octoic</h1>
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<hw>Oc*to"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Octo-</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, octane; -- used specifically, to designate any one of a group of acids, the most important of which is called <i>caprylic acid</i>.</def>

<hr>
<page="996">
Page 996<p>

<h1>Octolocular</h1>
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<hw>Oc`to*loc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Octo-</ets> + <ets>locular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having eight cells for seeds.</def>

<h1>Octonaphthene</h1>
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<hw>Oc`to*naph"thene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Octo-</ets> + <ets>naphthene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless liquid hydrocarbon of the octylene series, occurring in Caucasian petroleum.</def>

<h1>Octonary</h1>
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<hw>Oc`to*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>octonarius</ets>, fr. <ets>octoni</ets> eight each, fr. <ets>octo</ets> eight.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the number eight.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Octonocular</h1>
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<hw>Oc`to*noc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>octoni</ets> eight each + E. <ets>ocular</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having eight eyes.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Octopede</h1>
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<hw>Oc`to*pede</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Octo-</ets> + L. <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal having eight feet, as a spider.</def>

<h1>Octopetalous</h1>
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<hw>Oc`to*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Octo-</ets> + <ets>petal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having eight petals or flower leaves.</def>

<h1>Octopod</h1>
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<hw>Oc"to*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ eight-footed; <?/ eight + <?/, <?/, foot: cf.F. <ets>octopode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Octocerata.</def>

<h1>Octopoda</h1>
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<hw>Oc*top"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Octocerata</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Arachnida</er>.</def>

<h1>Octopodia</h1>
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<hw>Oc`to*po"di*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ eight + <?/ a little foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Octocerata</er>.</def>

<h1>Octopus</h1>
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<hw>Oc"to*pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Octopod</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of eight-armed cephalopods, including numerous species, some of them of large size. See <er>Devilfish</er>,</def>

<h1>Octoradiated</h1>
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<hw>Oc`to*ra"*di*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Octo-</ets> + <ets>radiated</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having eight rays.</def>

<h1>Octoroon</h1>
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<hw>Oc`to*roon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>octo</ets> eight + <ets>-roon</ets>, as in <ets>quadroon</ets>.]</ety> <def>The offspring of a quadroon and a white person; a mestee.</def>

<h1>Octospermous</h1>
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<hw>Oc`to*sper"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Octo-</ets> + Cr. <?/ seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Containing eight seeds.</def>

<h1>Octostichous</h1>
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<hw>Oc*tos"ti*chous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Octo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a row.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>In eight vertical ranks, as leaves on a stem.</def>

<h1>Octostyle</h1>
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<hw>Oc"to*style</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Octo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a pillar: cf.F. <ets>octostyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Having eight columns in the front; -- said of a temple or portico. The Parthenon is <i>octostyle</i>, but most large Greek temples are <i>hexastele</i>. See <er>Hexastyle</er>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An octostyle portico or temple.</def></def2>

<h1>Octosyllabic, Octosyllabical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Oc`to*syl*lab"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Oc`to*syl*lab"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>octosyllabus</ets>. See <er>Octo-</er>, and <er>Syllable</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of or containing eight syllables.</def>

<h1>Octosyllable</h1>
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<hw>Oc"to*syl`la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Octosyllabic.</def>

<h1>Octosyllable</h1>
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<hw>Oc"to*syl`la*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A word of eight syllables.</def>

<h1>Octoyl</h1>
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<hw>Oc"to*yl</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Octo</ets>ic + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hypothetical radical (<chform>C8H15O</chform>), regarded as the essential residue of octoic acid</def>.

<h1>Octroi</h1>
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<hw>Oc`troi"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A privilege granted by the sovereign authority, as the exclusive right of trade granted to a guild or society; a concession.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tax levied in money or kind at the gate of a French city on articles brought within the walls.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>octroy</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Octuor</h1>
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<hw>Oc"tu*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>octo</ets> eight + <ets>-uor</ets>, as in L. <ets>quatuor</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Octet</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Octuple</h1>
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<hw>Oc"tu*ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>octuplus</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/: cf.F. <ets>octuple</ets>.]</ety> <def>Eightfold.</def>

<h1>Octyl</h1>
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<hw>Oc"tyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oct</ets>ane + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hypothetical hydrocarbon radical regarded as an essential residue of octane, and as entering into its derivatives; <as>as, <ex>octyl</ex> alcohol</as>.</def>

<h1>Octylene</h1>
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<hw>Oc"tyl*ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oct</ets>ane + eth<ets>ylene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a series of metameric hydrocarbons (<chform>C8H16</chform>) of the ethylene series. In general they are combustible, colorless liquids.</def>

<h1>Octylic</h1>
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<hw>Oc*tyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, octyl; <as>as, <ex>octylic</ex> ether</as>.</def>

<h1>Ocular</h1>
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<hw>Oc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ocularis</ets>, <ets>ocularius</ets>, fr. <ets>oculus</ets> the eye: cf.F. <ets>oculaire</ets>. See <er>Eye</er>, and cf. <er>Antler</er>, <er>Inveigle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Depending on, or perceived by, the eye; received by actual sight; personally seeing or having seen; <as>as, <ex>ocular</ex> proof</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Thomas was an <b>ocular</b> witness of Christ's death.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the eye; optic.</def>

<h1>Ocular</h1>
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<hw>Oc"u*lar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The eyepiece of an optical instrument, as of a telescope or microscope.</def>

<h1>Ocularly</h1>
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<hw>Oc"u*lar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By the eye, or by actual sight.</def>

<h1>Oculary</h1>
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<hw>Oc"u*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the eye; ocular; optic; <as>as, <ex>oculary</ex> medicines</as>.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Oculate, Oculated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Oc"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Oc"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oculatus</ets>, fr. <ets>oculus</ets> eye.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Furnished with eyes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having spots or holes resembling eyes; ocellated.</def>

<h1>Oculiform</h1>
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<hw>Oc`u*li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oculus</ets> the eye + <ets>form</ets>: cf.F. <ets>oculiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the form of an eye; resembling an eye; <as>as, an <ex>oculiform</ex> pebble</as>.</def>

<h1>Oculina</h1>
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<hw>Oc`u*li"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>oculus</ets> the eye.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of tropical corals, usually branched, and having a very volid texture.</def>

<h1>Oculinacea</h1>
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<hw>Oc`u*li*na"*ce*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. NL. <ets>oculina</ets> the name of a typical genus.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of corals including many reef-building species, having round, starlike calicles.</def>

<h1>Oculist</h1>
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<hw>Oc"u*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oculus</ets> the eye: cf. F. <ets>oculiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in treating diseases of the eye.</def>

<h1>Oculo-</h1>
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<hw>Oc"u*lo-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form from L. <it>oculus</it> the eye.</def>

<h1>Oculomotor</h1>
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<hw>Oc`u*lo*mo"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oculo-</ets> + <ets>motor</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the movement of the eye; -- applied especially to the common motor nerves (or third pair of cranial nerves) which supply many of the muscles of the orbit.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The oculomotor nerve.</def></def2>

<h1>Oculonasal</h1>
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<hw>Oc`u*lo*na"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oculo-</ets> + <ets>nasal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the region of the eye and the nose; <as>as, the <ex>oculonasal</ex>, or nasal, nerve, one of the branches of the ophthalmic</as>.</def>

<h1>Oculus</h1>
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<hw>Oc"u*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Oculi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., an eye.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An eye; <fld>(Bot.)</fld> a leaf bud.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A round window, usually a small one.</def>

<h1>Ocypodian</h1>
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<hw>O`cy*po"di*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>'wky`s</grk> swift + <grk>poy`s</grk>, <grk>podo`s</grk>, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld><def>One of a tribe of crabs which live in holes in the sand along the seashore, and run very rapidly, -- whence the name.</def>

<h1>Od</h1>
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<hw>Od</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., fr. Gr. <?/ passage.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An alleged force or natural power, supposed, by Reichenbach and others, to produce the phenomena of mesmerism, and to be developed by various agencies, as by magnets, heat, light, chemical or vital action, etc.; -- called also <altname>odyle</altname> or the <altname>odylic force</altname>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>That <b>od</b> force of German Reichenbach
Which still, from female finger tips, burnt blue.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Odalisque</h1>
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<hw>O`da`lisque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Turk. <ets>odaliq</ets> chambermaid, fr. <ets>oda</ets> chamber, room.]</ety> <def>A female slave or concubine in the harem of the Turkish sultan.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>odahlic</asp>, <asp>odalisk</asp>, and <asp>odalik</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Not of those that men desire, sleek
<b>Odalisques</b>, or oracles of mode.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Odd</h1>
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<hw>Odd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Odder</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Oddest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>odde</ets>, fr.Icel. <ets>oddi</ets> a tongue of land, a triangle, an odd number (from the third or odd angle, or point, of a triangle), orig., a point, tip; akin to Icel. <ets>oddr</ets> point, point of a weapon, Sw. <ets>udda</ets> odd, <ets>udd</ets> point, Dan. <ets>od</ets>, <ets>AS</ets>. <ets>ord</ets>, OHG. <ets>ort</ets>, G. <ets>ort</ets> place (cf. E. <ets>point</ets>, for change of meaning).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not paired with another, or remaining over after a pairing; without a mate; unmatched; single; <as>as, an <ex>odd</ex> shoe; an <ex>odd</ex> glove.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not divisible by 2 without a remainder; not capable of being evenly paired, one unit with another; <as>as, 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, etc.</as>, are <i>odd</i> numbers.</def>

<blockquote>I hope good luck lies in <b>odd</b> numbers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Left over after a definite round number has been taken or mentioned; indefinitely, but not greatly, exceeding a specified number; extra.</def>

<blockquote>Sixteen hundred and <b>odd</b> years after the earth was made, it
was destroyed in a deluge.
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There are yet missing of your company
Some few <b>odd</b> lads that you remember not.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Remaining over; unconnected; detached; fragmentary; hence, occasional; inconsiderable; <as>as, <ex>odd</ex> jobs; <ex>odd</ex> minutes; <ex>odd</ex> trifles.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Different from what is usual or common; unusual; singular; peculiar; unique; strange.</def> "An <i>odd</i> action." <i>Shak</i>. "An <i>odd</i> expression."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>odd</b> man, to perform all things perfectly, is, in my poor opinion, Joannes Sturmius.
<i>Ascham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Patients have sometimes coveted <b>odd</b> things.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Locke's Essay would be a very <b>odd</b> book for a man to make himself master of, who would get a reputation by critical writings.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Quaint; unmatched; singular; unusual; extraordinary; strange; queer; eccentric, whimsical; fantastical; droll; comical. See <er>Quaint</er>.</syn>

<h1>Odd Fellow</h1>
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<hw>Odd" Fel`low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A member of a secret order, or fraternity, styled the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, established for mutual aid and social enjoyment.</def>

<h1>Oddity</h1>
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<hw>Odd"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Oddities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being odd; singularity; queerness; peculiarity; <as>as, <ex>oddity</ex> of dress, manners, and the like</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That infinitude of <b>oddities</b> in him.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is odd; <as>as, a collection of <ex>oddities</ex></as></def>.

<h1>Oddly</h1>
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<hw>Odd"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an odd manner; unevently.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a peculiar manner; strangely; queerly; curiously.</def> "A figure a little more <i>oddly</i> turned."

<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>A great black substance,... very <b>oddly</b> shaped.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>In a manner measured by an odd number.</def>

<h1>Oddness</h1>
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<hw>Odd"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being odd, or not even.</def>

<blockquote>Take but one from three, and you not only destroy the <b>oddness</b>, but also the essence of that number.
<i>Fotherby.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Singularity; strangeness; eccentricity; irregularity; uncouthness; <as>as, the <ex>oddness</ex> of dress or shape; the <ex>oddness</ex> of an event.</as></def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Odds</h1>
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<hw>Odds</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Odd</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Difference in favor of one and against another; excess of one of two things or numbers over the other; inequality; advantage; superiority; hence, excess of chances; probability.</def> "Pre\'89minent by so much <i>odds</i>." <i>Milton</i>. "The fearful <i>odds</i> of that unequal fray."

<i>Trench.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>odds</b>
Is that we scare are men and you are gods.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There appeared, at least, four to one <b>odds</b> against them.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All the <b>odds</b> between them has been the different s "cope....given to their understandings to range in.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Judging is balancing an account and determining on which side the <b>odds</b> lie.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Quarrel; dispute; debate; strife; -- chiefly in the phraze <i>at odds</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Set them into confounding <b>odds</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I can not speak
Any beginning to this peevish <b>odds</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>At odds</col>, <cd>in dispute; at variance. "These squires <i>at odds<i> did fall." <i>Spenser</i>. "He flashes into one gross crime or other, that sets us all <i>at odds<i>."  <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>It is odds</col>, <cd>it is probable. <mark>[Obs.]</mark><-- = "odds are" --> <i>Jer. Taylor</i>.</cd> -- <col>Odds and ends</col>, <cd>that which is left; remnants; fragments; refuse; scraps; miscellaneous articles. "My brain is filled...with all kinds of <i>odds and ends<i>." <i>W. Irving</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ode</h1>
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<hw>Ode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>ode</ets>, <ets>oda</ets>, Gr. <?/ a song, especially a lyric song, contr. fr. <?/, fr. <?/ to sing; cf.Skr. <ets>vad</ets> to speak, sing. Cf. <er>Comedy</er>, <er>Melody</er>, <er>Monody</er>.]</ety> <def>A short poetical composition proper to be set to music or sung; a lyric poem; esp., now, a poem characterized by sustained noble sentiment and appropriate dignity of style.</def>

<blockquote>Hangs <b>odes</b> upon hawthorns and elegies on brambles.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O! run; prevent them with thy humble <b>ode</b>,
And lay it lowly at his blessed feet.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ode factor</col>, <cd>one who makes, or who traffics in, odes; -- used contemptuously.</cd></cs>

<h1>Odelet</h1>
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<hw>Ode"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little or short ode.</def>

<h1>Odeon</h1>
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<hw>O*de"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf.F. <ets>od\'82on</ets>. See <er>Ode</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of theater in ancient Greece, smaller than the dramatic theater and roofed over, in which poets and musicians submitted their works to the approval of the public, and contended for prizes; -- hence, in modern usage, the name of a hall for musical or dramatic performances.</def>

<h1>Odeum</h1>
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<hw>O*de"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See <er>Odeon</er>.</def>

<h1>Odible</h1>
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<hw>O"di*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>odibilis</ets>. See <er>Odium</er>.]</ety> <def>Fitted to excite hatred; hateful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Odic</h1>
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<hw>Od"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to od. See <er>Od</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Od"ic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Odin</h1>
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<hw>O"din</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <?/; prob.akin to E. <ets>wood</ets>, a. See <er>Wednesday</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Northern Myth.)</fld> <def>The supreme deity of the Scandinavians; -- the same as <er>Woden</er>, of the German tribes.</def>

<blockquote>There in the Temple, carved in wood,
The image of great <b>Odin</b> stood.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Odinic</h1>
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<hw>O*din"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Odin.</def>

<h1>Odious</h1>
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<hw>O"di*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>odiosus</ets>, from <ets>odium</ets> hatred: cf. F. <ets>odieux</ets>. See <er>Odium</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hateful; deserving or receiving hatred; <as>as, an <ex>odious</ex> name, system, vice</as>.</def> "All wickedness will be most <i>odious</i>."

<i>Sprat.</i>

<blockquote>He rendered himself <b>odious</b> to the Parliament.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing or provoking hatred, repugnance, or disgust; offensive; disagreeable; repulsive; <as>as, an <ex>odious</ex> sight; an <ex>odious</ex> smell.</as></def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>odious</b> side of that polity.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Hateful; detestable; abominable; disgusting; loathsome; invidious; repulsive; forbidding; unpopular.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>O"di*ous`ly</wf>. <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>O"di*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Odist</h1>
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<hw>Od"ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of an ode or odes.</def>

<h1>Odium</h1>
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<hw>O"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>odi</ets> I hate. Gr. <er>Annoy</er>, <er>Noisome</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hatred; dislike; <as>as, his conduct brought him into <ex>odium</ex>, or, brought <ex>odium</ex> upon him</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality that provokes hatred; offensiveness.</def>

<blockquote>She threw the <b>odium</b> of the fact on me.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Odium theologicum</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety>, <cd>the enmity peculiar to contending theologians.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Hatred; abhorrence; detestation; antipathy.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Odium</er>, <er>Hatred</er>. We exercise <i>hatred</i>; we endure <i>odium</i>. The former has an active sense, the latter a passive one. We speak of having a <i>hatred</i> for a man, but not of having an <i>odium</i> toward him. A tyrant incurs <i>odium</i>. The <i>odium</i> of an offense may sometimes fall unjustly upon one who is innocent.</usage>

<blockquote>I wish I had a cause to seek him there,
To oppose his <b>hatred</b> fully.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You have...dexterously thrown some of the <b>odium</b> of your polity upon that middle class which you despise.
<i>Beaconsfield.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Odize</h1>
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<hw>Od"ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Odized</er> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Odizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To charge with od. See <er>Od</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Odmyl</h1>
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<hw>Od"myl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, stench + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A volatile liquid obtained by boiling sulphur with linseed oil. It has an unpleasant garlic odor.</def>

<h1>Odometer</h1>
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<hw>O*dom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, an instrument for measuring distance; <?/ way + <?/ measure: cf.F. <ets>odom\'82tre</ets>, <ets>hodom\'82tre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument attached to the wheel of a vehicle, to measure the distance traversed; also, a wheel used by surveyors, which registers the miles and rods traversed.</def>

<h1>Odometrical</h1>
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<hw>O`do*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>odom\'82trique</ets>, <ets>hodom\'82trique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the odometer, or to measurements made with it.</def>

<h1>Odometrous</h1>
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<hw>O*dom"e*trous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to measure distance on a road.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sydney Smith.</i>

<h1>Odometry</h1>
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<hw>O*dom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Measurement of distances by the odometer.</def>

<h1>Odonata</h1>
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<hw>O*don"a*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of insects that includes the dragon flies.</def>

<h1>Odontalgia</h1>
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<hw>O`don*tal"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, a tooth + <?/ pain.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Toothache.</def>

<h1>Odontalgic</h1>
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<hw>O`don*tal"gic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>odontalgique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to odontalgia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A remedy for the toothache.</def></def2>

<h1>Odontalgy</h1>
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<hw>O`don*tal"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Odontalgia</er>.</def>

<h1>Odontiasis</h1>
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<hw>O`don*ti"a*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <def>Cutting of the teeth; dentition.</def>

<h1>Odonto-</h1>
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<hw>O*don"to-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form from Gr. <?/, <?/, a tooth.</def>

<h1>Odontoblast</h1>
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<hw>O*don"to*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Odonto-</ets> + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the more or less columnar cells on the outer surface of the pulp of a tooth; an odontoplast. They are supposed to be connected with the formation of dentine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the cells which secrete the chitinous teeth of Mollusca.</def>

<hr>
<page="997">
Page 997<p>

<h1>Odontocete</h1>
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<hw>O*don`to*ce"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, <?/, a tooth + <?/ a whale.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A subdivision of Cetacea, including the sperm whale, dolphins, etc.; the toothed whales.</def>

<h1>Odontogeny</h1>
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<hw>O`don*tog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Odonto-</ets> + root of Gr. <?/ to be born: cf: F. <ets>odontog\'82nie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Generetion, or mode of development, of the teeth.</def>

<h1>Odontograph</h1>
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<hw>O*don"to*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Odonto-</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for marking or laying off the outlines of teeth of gear wheels.</def>

<h1>Odontographic</h1>
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<hw>O*don`to*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to odontography.</def>

<h1>Odontography</h1>
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<hw>O`don*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A description of the teeth.</def>

<h1>Odontoid</h1>
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<hw>O*don"toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, a tooth + <?/ form: cf.F. <ets>odonto\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the form of a tooth; toothlike.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the odontoid bone or to the odontoid process.</def>

<cs><col>Odontoid bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a separate bone, in many reptiles, corresponding to the odontoid process.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Odontoid process</col>, &or; <col>Odontoid peg</col></mcol> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the anterior process of the centrum of the second vertebra, or axis, in birds and mammals. See <er>Axis</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Odontolcae</h1>
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<hw>O`don*tol"cae</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, <?/, a tooth + <?/ a furrow.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct order of ostrichlike aquatic birds having teeth, which are set in a groove in the jaw. It includes <spn>Hesperornis</spn>, and allied genera. See <er>Hesperornis</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Odontholcae</asp>, and <asp>Odontoholcae</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Odontolite</h1>
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<hw>O*don"to*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Odonto-</ets> + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A fossil tooth colored a bright blue by phosphate of iron. It is used as an imitation of turquoise, and hence called <altname>bone turquoise</altname>.</def>

<h1>Odontology</h1>
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<hw>O`don*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Odonto-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf.F. <ets>odontologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the teeth, their structure and development.</def>

<h1>Odontophora</h1>
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<hw>O`don*toph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Odontophore</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Cephalophora</er>.</def>

<h1>Odontophore</h1>
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<hw>O*don"to*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Odonto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A special structure found in the mouth of most mollusks, except bivalves. It consists of several muscles and a cartilage which supports a chitinous radula, or lingual ribbon, armed with teeth.  Also applied to the radula alone. See <er>Radula</er>.</def>

<h1>Odontophorous</h1>
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<hw>O`don*toph"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having an odontophore.</def>

<h1>Odontoplast</h1>
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<hw>O*don"to*plast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Odonto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to form, mold.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An odontoblast.</def>

<h1>Odontopteryx</h1>
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<hw>O`don*top"te*ryx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>'odoy`s</grk>, <grk>'odo`ntos</grk>, a tooth + <grk>pte`ryx</grk> a wing.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct Eocene bird having the jaws strongly serrated, or dentated, but destitute of true teeth. It was found near London.</def>

<h1>Odontornithes</h1>
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<hw>O*don`tor*ni*"thes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr.Gr. <grk>'odoy`s</grk>, <grk>'odo`ntos</grk>, a tooth + <?/, <?/, a bird.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A group of Mesozoic birds having the jaws armed with teeth, as in most other vertebrates. They have been divided into three orders: Odontolc\'91, Odontotorm\'91, and Saurur\'91.</def>

<h1>Odontostomatous</h1>
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<hw>O*don"to*stom"a*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Odonto-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, the mounth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having toothlike mandibles; -- applied to certain insects.</def>

<h1>Odontotormae</h1>
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<hw>O*don`to*tor"mae</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <?/, <?/, a tooth + <?/ a socket.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An order of extinct toothed birds having the teeth in sockets, as in the genus Ichthyornis. See <er>Ichthyornis</er>.</def>

<h1>Odor</h1>
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<hw>O"dor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>odor</ets>, <ets>odour</ets>, OF. <ets>odor</ets>, <ets>odour</ets>, F. <ets>odeur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>odor</ets>; akin to <ets>olere</ets> to smell, Gr. <?/, Lith. <?/ Cf. <er>Olfactory</er>, <er>Osmium</er>, <er>Ozone</er>, <er>Redolent</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>odour</asp>.]</altsp> <def>Any smell, whether fragrant or offensive; scent; perfume.</def>

<blockquote>Meseemed I smelt a garden of sweet flowers,
That dainty <b>odors</b> from them threw around.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To be in bad odor</col>, <cd>to be out of favor, or in bad repute.</cd></cs>

<h1>Odorament</h1>
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<hw>O"dor*a*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>odoramentum</ets>. See <er>Odorate</er>.]</ety> <def>A perfume; a strong scent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Odorant</h1>
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<hw>O"dor*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>odorans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>Yielding odors; fragrant.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Odorate</h1>
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<hw>O"dor*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>odoratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>odorare</ets> to perfume, fr. <ets>odor</ets> odor.]</ety> <def>Odorous.</def> <mark>[Obos.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Odorating</h1>
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<hw>O"dor*a*`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Diffusing odor or scent; fragrant.</def>

<h1>Odoriferous</h1>
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<hw>O`dor*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>odorifer</ets>; <ets>odor odor + ferre</ets> to bear. See <er>Odoe</er>, and <er><?/</er>st <er>Bear</er>.]</ety> <def>Bearing or yielding an odor; perfumed; usually, sweet of scent; fragrant; <as>as, <ex>odoriferous</ex> spices, particles, fumes, breezes</as>.</def> <i>Milton</i>.

-- <wordforms><wf>O`dor*if"er*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> --<wf>O`dor*if"er*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Odorline</h1>
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<hw>O"dor*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A pungent oily substance obtained by redistilling bone oil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Odorless</h1>
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<hw>O"dor*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from odor.</def>

<h1>Odorous</h1>
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<hw>O"dor*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>odourous</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[L. <ets>odorus</ets>, fr.<ets>odor</ets> odor: cf. OF. <ets>odoros</ets>, <ets>odoreux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having or emitting an odor or scent, esp. a sweet odor; fragrant; sweet-smelling.</def> "<i>Odorous</i> bloom."

<i>Keble.</i>

<blockquote>Such fragrant flowers do give most <b>odorous</b> smell.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>O"dor*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>O"dor*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ods</h1>
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<hw>Ods</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>A corruption of <i>God's</i>; -- formerly used in oaths and ejaculatory phrases.</def>  "<i>Ods</i> bodikin." "<i>Ods</i> pity."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Odyl, Odyle</h1>
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<hw><hw>Od"yl</hw>, <hw>Od"yle</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, passage + <?/ matter or material.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>See <er>Od</er>. <mark>[Archaic]</mark>.</def>

<h1>Odylic</h1>
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<hw>O*dyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to odyle; odic; <as>as, <ex>odylic</ex> force</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Odyssey</h1>
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<hw>Od"ys*sey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Odyssea</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ Ulysses: cf.F. <ets>Odyss\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <def>An epic poem attributed to Homer, which describes the return of Ulysses to Ithaca after the siege of Troy.</def>

<h1>\'d1</h1>
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<hw>\'d1</hw> <tt>(&emac;)</tt>, <def>a diphthong, employed in the Latin language, and thence in the English language, as the representative of the Greek diphthong <grk>oi</grk>. In many words in common use, <i>e</i> alone stands instead of &oe;. Classicists prefer to write the diphthong <i>oe</i> separate in Latin words.</def>

<h1>\'d1coid</h1>
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<hw>\'d1"coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a house + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The colorless porous framework, or stroma, of red blood corpuscles from which the zooid, or hemoglobin and other substances of the corpuscles, may be dissolved out.</def>

<h1>\'d1cology</h1>
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<hw>\'d1*col"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/ house + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The various relations of animals and plants to one another and to the outer world.</def>

<h1>\'d1conomical</h1>
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<hw>\'d1`co*nom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Economical</er>.</def>

<h1>\'d1conomics</h1>
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<hw>\'d1`co*nom"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Economics</er>.</def>

<h1>\'d1conomy</h1>
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<hw>\'d1*con"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Economy</er>.</def>

<h1>\'d1cumenical</h1>
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<hw>\'d1c`u*men"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Ecumenical</er>.</def>

<h1>\'d1dema</h1>
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<hw>\'d1*de"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a swelling, tumor, fr. <?/ to swell.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A swelling from effusion of watery fluid in the cellular tissue beneath the skin or mucous membrance; dropsy of the subcutaneous cellular tissue.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>edema</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>\'d1dematous</h1>
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<hw>\'d1*dem"a*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, edema; affected with edema.</def>

<h1>\'d1iliad, \'d1illade</h1>
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<hw><hw>\'d1*il"iad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>\'d1il"lade`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>\'d2illade</ets>, fr. <ets>\'d2el</ets> eye. See <er>Eyelent</er>.]</ety> <def>A glance of the eye; an amorous look.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She gave strange <b>\'d2illades</b> and most speaking looks.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>\'d1let</h1>
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<hw>\'d1"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Eyelet</er>.]</ety> <def>An eye, bud, or shoot, as of a plant; an oilet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>\'d1nanthate</h1>
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<hw>\'d1*nan"thate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of the supposed &oe;nanthic acid.</def>

<h1>\'d1nanthic</h1>
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<hw>\'d1*nan"thic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the first shoot of the vine, the vine blossom, the vine; <?/ the vine + <?/ bloom, <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having, or imparting, the odor characteristic of the bouquet of wine; specifically used, formerly, to designate an acid whose ethereal salts were supposed to occasion the peculiar bouquet, or aroma, of old wine. Cf. <er>\'d1nanthylic</er>.</def>

<cs><col>\'d1nanthic acid</col>, <cd>an acid obtained from &oe;nanthic ether by the action of alkalies.</cd> -- <col>\'d1nanthic ether</col>, <cd>an ethereal substance (not to be confused with the bouquet, or aroma, of wine) found in wine lees, and consisting of a complex mixture of the ethereal salts of several of the higher acids of the acetic acid series. It has an ethereal odor, and it used in flavoring artificial wines and liquors. Called also <altname>oil of wine</altname>. See <cref>Essential oil</cref>, under <er>Essential</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>\'d1nanthol</h1>
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<hw>\'d1*nan"thol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>\'d2nanthy</ets>lic + L. <ets>ole</ets>um oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oily substance obtained by the distillation of castor oil, recognized as the aldehyde of \'d2nanthylic acid, and hence called also <altname>\'d2nanthaldehyde</altname>.</def>

<h1>\'d1nanthone</h1>
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<hw>\'d1*nan"thone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>\'d2nanthic</ets> + <ets>-one</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The ketone of \'d2nanthic acid.</def>

<h1>\'d1nanthyl</h1>
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<hw>\'d1*nan"thyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>\'d2nnthic</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon radical formerly supposed to exist in \'d2nanthic acid, now known to be identical with heptyl.</def>

<h1>\'d1nanthylate</h1>
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<hw>\'d1*nan"thyl*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of &oe;nanthylic acid; <as>as, potassium <ex>\'d2nanthylate</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>\'d1nanthylic</h1>
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<hw>\'d1`nan*thyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, \'d2nanthyl; specifically, designating an acid formerly supposed to be identical with the acid in \'d2nanthic ether, but now known to be identical with heptoic acid.</def>

<h1>\'d1nanthylidene</h1>
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<hw>\'d1`nan*thyl"i*dene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless liquid hydrocarbon, having a garlic odor; heptine.</def>

<h1>\'d1nanthylous</h1>
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<hw>\'d1*nan"thyl*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid formerly supposed to be the acid of \'d2nanthylic ether, but now known to be a mixture of higher acids, especially <i>capric</i> acid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>\'d1nocyan</h1>
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<hw>\'d1`no*cy"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wine + <?/ a dark-blue substance.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The coloring matter of red wines.</def>

<h1>\'d1nology</h1>
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<hw>\'d1*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wine + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Knowledge of wine, scientific or practical.</def>

<h1>\'d1nomania</h1>
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<hw>\'d1n`o*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ wine + <?/ mania.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Delirium tremens.</def> <i>Rayer</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Dipsomania.</def>

<h1>\'d1nomel</h1>
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<hw>\'d1n"o*mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wine + <?/ honey.]</ety> <def>Wine mixed with honey; mead,</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>\'d1nometer</h1>
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<hw>\'d1*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wine + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Alcoholometer</er>.</def>

<h1>\'d1nophilist</h1>
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<hw>\'d1*noph"i*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.  <?/ wine + <?/ to love.]</ety> <def>A lover of wine.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark><-- now oenophile, older form obsolete! -->

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>\'d1nothionic</h1>
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<hw>\'d1`no*thi*on"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wine + <ets>thionic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to an acid now called <altname>sulphovinic, &or; ethyl sulphuric, acid</altname>.</def>

<h1>O'er</h1>
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<hw>O'er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep. & adv.</tt> <def>A contr. of <er>Over</er>.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<mhw><h1>\'d1sophagus, n., \'d1sophageal</h1>
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<hw>\'d1*soph"a*gus</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>\'d1`so*phag"e*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt>, etc.</mhw> <def>Same as <er>Esophagus</er>, <er>Esophageal</er>, etc</def>.

<h1>\'d1strian</h1>
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<hw>\'d1s"tri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the gadflies.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A gadfly.</def></def2>

<h1>\'d1strual</h1>
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<hw>\'d1s"tru*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>\'d1strus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to sexual desire; -- mostly applied to brute animals; <as>as, the <ex>\'d2strual</ex> period; <ex>\'d2strual</ex> influence.</as></def>

<h1>\'d1struation</h1>
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<hw>\'d1s`tru*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The state of being under \'d2strual influence, or of having sexual desire.</def><-- = oestrus? -->

<h1>\'d1strus</h1>
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<hw>\'d1s"trus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a gadfly; also, frenzy, fr.Gr. <?/ gadfly; hence, sting, fury, insane desire, frenzy.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of gadflies. The species which deposits its larv\'91 in the nasal cavities of sheep is <spn>\'d2strus ovis</spn>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vehement desire; esp. <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, the periodical sexual impulse of animals; heat; rut.</def>

<h1>Of</h1>
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<hw>Of</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>of</ets> of, from, off; akin to D. & OS. <ets>af</ets>, G. <ets>ab</ets> off, OHG. <ets>aba</ets> from, away, Icel., Dan., Sw., & Goth. <ets>af</ets>, L. <ets>ab</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>apa</ets>. Cf.<er>Off</er>, <er>A-</er> (2), <er>Ab-</er>, <er>After</er>, <er>Epi-</er>.]</ety> <def>In a general sense, from, or out from; proceeding from; belonging to; relating to; concerning; -- used in a variety of applications; as:</def>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Denoting that from which anything proceeds; indicating origin, source, descent, and the like; <as>as, he is <ex>of</ex> a race of kings; he is <ex>of</ex> noble blood.</as></def>

<blockquote>That holy thing which shall be born <b>of</b> thee shall be called the Son of God.
<i>Luke i. 35.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have received <b>of</b> the Lord that which also I delivered unto you.
<i>1 Cor. xi. 23.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Denoting possession or ownership, or the relation of subject to attribute; <as>as, the apartment <ex>of</ex> the consul: the power <ex>of</ex> the king; a man <ex>of</ex> courage; the gate <ex>of heaven</ex>.</as></def> "Poor <i>of</i> spirit."

<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Denoting the material of which anything is composed, or that which it contains; <as>as, a throne <ex>of</ex> gold; a sword <ex>of</ex> steel; a wreath <ex>of</ex> mist; a cup <ex>of</ex> water.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Denoting part of an aggregate or whole; belonging to a number or quantity mentioned; out of; from amongst; <as>as, <ex>of</ex> this little he had some to spare; some <ex>of</ex> the mines were unproductive; most <ex>of</ex> the company.</as></def><-- partative genitive -->

<blockquote>It is <b>of</b> the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
<i>Lam. iii. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is a duty to communicate <b>of</b> those blessings we have received.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Denoting that by which a person or thing is actuated or impelled; also, the source of a purpose or action; <as>as, they went <ex>of</ex> their own will; no body can move <ex>of</ex> itself; he did it <ex>of</ex> necessity.</as></def><-- = out of, from, due to  -->

<blockquote>For it was <b>of</b> the Lord to harden their hearts.
<i>Josh. xi. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Denoting reference to a thing; about; concerning; relating to; <as>as, to boast <ex>of</ex> one's achievements</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Knew you <b>of</b> this fair work?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Denoting nearness or distance, either in space or time; from; <as>as, within a league <ex>of</ex> the town; within an hour <ex>of</ex> the appointed time.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Denoting identity or equivalence; -- used with a name or appellation, and equivalent to the relation of apposition; <as>as, the continent <ex>of</ex> America; the city <ex>of</ex> Rome; the Island <ex>of</ex> Cuba.</as></def><-- always preceded by a type name? -->

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Denoting the agent, or person by whom, or thing by which, anything is, or is done; by.</def>

<blockquote>And told to her <b>of</b> [by] some.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He taught in their synagogues, being glorified <b>of</b> all.
<i>Luke iv. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[Jesus] being forty days tempted <b>of</b> the devil.
<i>Luke iv. 1, 2.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The use of the word in this sense, as applied to persons, is nearly obsolete.</note>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Denoting relation to place or time; belonging to, or connected with; <as>as, men <ex>of</ex> Athens; the people <ex>of</ex> the Middle Ages; in the days <ex>of</ex> Herod.</as></def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Denoting passage from one state to another; from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "O miserable <i>of</i> happy."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>During; in the course of.</def>

<blockquote>Not be seen to wink <b>of</b> all the day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My custom always <b>of</b> the afternoon.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Of</i> may be used in a subjective or an objective sense. "The love <i>of</i> God" may mean, our love for God, or God's love for us.</note>

<note>&hand; <i>From</i> is the primary sense of this preposition; a sense retained in <i>off</i>, the same word differently written for distinction. But this radical sense disappears in most of its application; as, a man <i>of</i> genius; a man <i>of</i> rare endowments; a fossil <i>of</i> a red color, or <i>of</i> an hexagonal figure; he lost all hope <i>of</i> relief; an affair <i>of</i> the cabinet; he is a man <i>of</i> decayed fortune; what is the price <i>of</i> corn? In these and similar phrases, <i>of</i> denotes property or possession, or a relation of some sort involving connection. These applications, however all proceeded from the same primary sense. That which proceeds from, or is produced by, a person or thing, either has had, or still has, a close connection with the same; and hence the word was applied to cases of mere connection, not involving at all the idea of separation.</note>

<cs><col>Of consequence</col>, <cd>of importance, value, or influence.</cd> -- <col>Of late</col>, <cd>recently; in time not long past.</cd> -- <col>Of old</col>, <cd>formerly; in time long past.</cd> -- <col>Of one's self</col>, <cd>by one's self; without help or prompting; spontaneously.</cd>

<blockquote>Why, knows not Montague, that <b>of</b> itself
England is safe, if true within itself?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
</cs>

<h1>Off</h1>
<Xpage=997>

<hw>Off</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>of</ets>, orig. the same word as R. <ets>of</ets>, prep., AS. <ets>of</ets>, adv. & prep. \'fb194. See <er>Of</er>.]</ety> <def>In a general sense, denoting from or away from; as:</def>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Denoting distance or separation; <as>as, the house is a mile <ex>off</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Denoting the action of removing or separating; separation; <as>as, to take <ex>off</ex> the hat or cloak; to cut <ex>off</ex>, to pare <ex>off</ex>, to clip <ex>off</ex>, to peel <ex>off</ex>, to tear <ex>off</ex>, to march <ex>off</ex>, to fly <ex>off</ex>, and the like.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Denoting a leaving, abandonment, departure, abatement, interruption, or remission; <as>as, the fever goes <ex>off</ex>; the pain goes <ex>off</ex>; the game is <ex>off</ex>; all bets are <ex>off</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Denoting a different direction; not on or towards: away; <as>as, to look <ex>off</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Denoting opposition or negation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The questions no way touch upon puritanism, either <b>off</b> or on.
<i>Bp. Sanderson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>From off</col>, <cd>off from; off. "A live coal...taken with the tongs <i>from off<i> the altar." <i>Is. vi. 6</i>.</cd> -- <col>Off and on</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Not constantly; not regularly; now and then; occasionally</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>On different tacks, now toward, and now away from, the land.</cd> -- <col>To be off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To depart; to escape; <as>as, he <ex>was off</ex> without a moment's warning</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be abandoned, as an agreement or purpose; <as>as, the <ex>bet</ex> was declared <ex>to be off</ex>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To come off</col>, <col>To cut off</col>, <col>To fall off</col>, <col>To go off</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Come</er>, <er>Cut</er>, <er>Fall</er>, <er>Go</er>, etc</as>.</cd> -- <col>To get off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To utter; to discharge; <as>as, <ex>to get off</ex> a joke</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To go away; to escape; <as>as, <ex>to get off</ex> easily from a trial</as></cd>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To take off</col>, <cd>to mimic or personate.</cd><-- also, to take off on, to do a take-off on --> -- <col>To tell off</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to divide and practice a regiment or company in the several formations, preparatory to marching to the general parade for field exercises. <i>Farrow</i>.</cd><-- (b) to criticise --> -- <col>To be well off</col>, <cd>to be in good condition.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To be ill off</col>, <col>To be badly off</col></mcol>, <cd>to be in poor condition.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="998">
Page 998<p>

<h1>Off</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Off</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>Away; begone; -- a command to depart.</def>

<h1>Off</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Off</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Not on; away from; <as>as, to be <ex>off</ex> one's legs or <ex>off</ex> the bed; two miles <ex>off</ex> the shore.</as></def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<cs><col>Off hand</col>. <cd>See <er>Offhand</er>.</cd> -- <col>Off side</col> <sd>(Football)</sd>, <cd>out of play; -- said when a player has got in front of the ball in a scrimmage, or when the ball has been last touched by one of his own side behind him.</cd> -- <col>To be off color</col>, <cd>to be of a wrong color.</cd><-- to be mildly obscene --> -- <col>To be off one's food</col>, <cd>to have no appetite. (<mark>Colloq</mark>.)</cd></cs>

<h1>Off</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Off</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On the farther side; most distant; on the side of an animal or a team farthest from the driver when he is on foot; in the United States, the right side; <as>as, the <ex>off</ex> horse or ox in a team, in distinction from the <ant>nigh</ant> or <ant>near</ant> horse or ox; the <ex>off</ex> leg.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Designating a time when one is not strictly attentive to business or affairs, or is absent from his post, and, hence, a time when affairs are not urgent; <as>as, he took an <ex>off</ex> day for fishing: an <ex>off</ex> year in politics</as>.</def> "In the <i>off</i> season."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<cs><col>Off side</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The right hand side in driving; the farther side</cd>. See <er>Gee</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <cd>See <er>Off</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Off</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Off</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>The side of the field that is on the right of the wicket keeper.</def>

<h1>Offal</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of"fal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Off</ets> + <ets>fall</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The rejected or waste parts of a butchered animal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dead body; carrion.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is thrown away as worthless or unfit for use; refuse; rubbish.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>off als</b> of other profession.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Offcut</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Off"cut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is cut off.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld> <def>A portion ofthe printed sheet, in certain sizes of books, that is cut off before folding.</def>

<h1>Offence</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of*fence"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Offense</er>.</def>

<h1>Offend</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of*fend</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Offended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Offending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>offendre</ets>, L. <ets>offendere</ets>, <ets>offensum</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>fendere</ets> (in comp.) to thrust, dash. See <er>Defend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike against; to attack; to assail.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To displease; to make angry; to affront.</def>

<blockquote>A brother <b>offended</b> is harder to be won than a strong city.
<i>Prov. xviii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be offensive to; to harm; to pain; to annoy; <as>as, strong light <ex>offends</ex> the eye; to <ex>offend</ex> the conscience.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To transgress; to violate; to sin against.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Marry, sir, he hath <b>offended</b> the law.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>To oppose or obstruct in duty; to cause to stumble; to cause to sin or to fall.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Who hath you misboden or <b>offended</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If thy right eye <b>offend</b> thee, pluck it out... And if thy right hand <b>offend</b> thee, cut it off.
<i>Matt. v. 29, 3O.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Great peace have they which love thy law, and nothing shall <b>offend</b> them.
<i>Ps. cxix. 165.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Odfend</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Od*fend"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To transgress the moral or divine law; to commit a crime; to stumble; to sin.</def>

<blockquote>Whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet <b>offend</b> in one point, he is guilty of all.
<i>James ii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If it be a sin to cevet honor,
I am the most <b>offending</b> soul alive.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause dislike, anger, or vexation; to displease.</def>

<blockquote>I shall <b>offend</b>, either to detain or give it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To offend against</col>, <cd>to do an injury or wrong to; to commit an offense against. "We have <i>offended against<i> the Lord already."</cd></cs>

<i>2 Chron. xxviii. 13.</i>

<h1>Offendant</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of*fend"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An offender.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Offender</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of*fend"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who offends; one who violates any law, divine or human; a wrongdoer.</def>

<blockquote>I and my son Solomon shall be counted <b>offenders</b>.
<i>1 Kings i. 21.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Offendress</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of*fend"ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who offends.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Offense, Offence</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw><hw>Of*fense"</hw>, <hw>Of*fence"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>offensa</ets>. See <er>Offend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of offending in any sense; esp., a crime or a sin, an affront or an injury.</def>

<blockquote>Who was delivered for our <b>offenses</b>, and was raised again for our justification.
<i>Rom. iv. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have given my opinion against the authority of two great men, but I hope without <b>offense</b> to their memories.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being offended or displeased; anger; displeasure.</def>

<blockquote>He was content to give them just cause of <b>offense</b>, when they had power to make just revenge.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A cause or occasion of stumbling or of sin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Woe to that man by whom the <b>offense</b> cometh!
<i>Matt. xviii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word, like <i>expense</i>, is often spelled with a <i>c</i>. It ought, however, to undergo the same change with <i>expense</i>, the reasons being the same, namely, that <i>s</i> must be used in <i>offensive</i> as in <i>expensive</i>, and is found in the Latin <i>offensio</i>, and the French <i>offense</i>.</note>

<cs><col>To take offense</col>, <cd>to feel, or assume to be, injured or affronted; to become angry or hostile.</cd> -- <col>Weapons of offense</col>, <cd>those which are used in attack, in distinction from those of <i>defense<i>, which are used to repel.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Displeasure; umbrage; resentment; misdeed; misdemeanor; trespass; transgression; delinquency; fault; sin; crime; affront; indignity; outrage; insult.</syn>

<h1>Offenseful</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of*fense"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing offense; displeasing; wrong; <as>as, an <ex>offenseful</ex> act</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Offenseless</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of*fense"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unoffending; inoffensive.</def>

<h1>Offensible</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of*fen"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may give offense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Offension</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of*fen"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF., fr. L. <ets>offensio</ets> an offense.]</ety> <def>Assault; attack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Offensive</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of*fen"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>offensif</ets>. See <er>Offend</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Giving offense; causing displeasure or resentment; displeasing; annoying; <as>as, <ex>offensive</ex> words</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Giving pain or unpleasant sensations; disagreeable; revolting; noxious; <as>as, an <ex>offensive</ex> smell; <ex>offensive</ex> sounds.</as></def> "<i>Offensive</i> to the stomach."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Making the first attack; assailant; aggressive; hence, used in attacking; -- opposed to <i>defensive</i>; <as>as, an <ex>offensive</ex> war; <ex>offensive</ex> weapons.</as></def>

<cs><col>League offensive and defensive</col>, <cd>a leaque that requires all the parties to it to make war together against any foe, and to defend one another if attacked.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Displeasing; disagreeable; distasteful; obnoxious; abhorrent; disgusting; impertinent; rude; saucy; reproachful; opprobrious; insulting; insolent; abusive; scurrilous; assailant; attacking; invading.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Of*fen"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Of*fen"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Offensive</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of*fen"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or posture of one who offends or makes attack; aggressive attitude; the act of the attacking party; -- opposed to <i>defensive</i>.</def>

<cs><col>To act on the offensive</col>, <cd>to be the attacking party.</cd></cs>

<h1>Offer</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of"fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Offered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Offering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>offren</ets>, <er>AS</er>. <ets>offrian</ets> to sacrifice, fr. L. <ets>offerre</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>OB-</er>) + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear, bring. The English word was influenced by F. <ets>offrir</ets> to offer, of the same origin. See 1st <er>Bear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To present, as an act of worship; to immolate; to sacrifice; to present in prayer or devotion; -- often with <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt <b>offer</b> every day a bullock for a sin offering for atonement.
<i>Ex. xxix. 36.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A holy priesthood to <b>offer</b> up spiritual sacrifices.
<i>1 Pet. ii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring to or before; to hold out to; to present for acceptance or rejection; <as>as, to <ex>offer</ex> a present, or a bribe; to <ex>offer</ex> one's self in marriage.</as></def>

<blockquote>I <b>offer</b> thee three things.
<i>2 Sam. xxiv. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To present in words; to proffer; to make a proposal of; to suggest; <as>as, to <ex>offer</ex> an opinion</as>. With the infinitive as an objective: To make an offer; to declare one's willingness; <as>as, he <ex>offered</ex> to help me</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To attempt; to undertake.</def>

<blockquote>All that <b>offer</b> to defend him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To bid, as a price, reward, or wages; <as>as, to <ex>offer</ex> a guinea for a ring; to <ex>offer</ex> a salary or reward.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To put in opposition to; to manifest in an offensive way; to threaten; <as>as, to <ex>offer</ex> violence, attack, etc.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To propose; propound; move; proffer; tender; sacrifice; immolate.</syn>

<h1>Offer</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of"fer</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To present itself; to be at hand.</def>

<blockquote>The occasion <b>offers</b>, and the youth complies.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make an attempt; to make an essay or a trial; -- used with <i>at</i>.</def> "Without <i>offering</i> at any other remedy."

<i>Swift.</i>

<blockquote>He would be <b>offering</b> at the shepherd's voice.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will not <b>offer</b> at that I can not master.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Offer</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of"fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>offre</ets>, fr. <ets>offrir</ets> to offer, fr. L. <ets>offerre</ets>. See <er>Offer</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of offering, bringing forward, proposing, or bidding; a proffer; a first advance.</def> "This <i>offer</i> comes from mercy."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is offered or brought forward; a proposal to be accepted or rejected; a sum offered; a bid.</def>

<blockquote>When <b>offers</b> are disdained, and love denied.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Attempt; endeavor; essay; <as>as, he made an <ex>offer</ex> to catch the ball</as>.</def> "Some <i>offer</i> and attempt."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Offerable</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of"fer*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being offered; suitable or worthy to be offered.</def>

<h1>Offerer</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of"fer*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who offers; esp., one who offers something to God in worship.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Offering</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of"fer*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of an offerer; a proffering.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is offered, esp. in divine service; that which is presented as an expiation or atonement for sin, or as a free gift; a sacrifice; an oblation; <as>as, sin <ex>offering</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>They are polluted <b>offerings</b> more abhorred
Than spotted livers in the sacrifice.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sum of money offered, as in church service; <as>as, a missionary <ex>offering</ex></as>. Specif.: <fld>(Ch. of Eng.)</fld> Personal tithes payable according to custom, either at certain seasons as Christmas or Easter, or on certain occasions as marriages or christenings.</def>

<blockquote>[None] to the <b>offering</b> before her should go.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Burnt offering</col>, <col>Drink offering</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Burnt</er>. etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Offertory</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of"fer*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Offertories</plw> </plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>offertorium</ets> the place to which offerings were brought, in LL. offertory: cf.F. <ets>offertoire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of offering, or the thing offered.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon. Bp. Fell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An anthem chanted, or a voluntary played on the organ, during the offering and first part of the Mass.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That part of the Mass which the priest reads before uncovering the chalice to offer up the elements for consecration.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The oblation of the elements.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The Scripture sentences said or sung during the collection of the offerings.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The offerings themselves.</def>

<h1>Offerture</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of"fer*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>offertura</ets> an offering.]</ety> <def>Offer; proposal; overture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>More <b>offertures</b> and advantages to his crown.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Offhand</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Off"hand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Instant; ready; extemporaneous; <as>as, an <ex>offhand speech</ex>; <ex>offhand</ex> excuses.</as></def> -- <def2><tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an offhand manner; <as>as, he replied <ex>offhand</ex></as>.</def></def2>

<h1>Office</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of"fice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>officium</ets>, for <ets>opificium</ets>; <ets>ops</ets> ability, wealth, holp + <ets>facere</ets> to do or make. See <er>Opulent</er>, <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which a person does, either voluntarily or by appointment, for, or with reference to, others; customary duty, or a duty that arises from the relations of man to man; <as>as, kind <ex>offices</ex>, pious <ex>offices</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>I would I could do a good <b>office</b> between you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A special duty, trust, charge, or position, conferred by authority and for a public purpose; a position of trust or authority; <as>as, an executive or judical <ex>office</ex>; a municipal <ex>office</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A charge or trust, of a sacred nature, conferred by God himself; <as>as, the <ex>office</ex> of a priest under the old dispensation, and that of the apostles in the new</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Inasmuch as I am the apostle of the Gentiles, I magnify mine <b>office</b>.
<i>Rom. xi. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is performed, intended, or assigned to be done, by a particular thing, or that which anything is fitted to perform; a function; -- answering to <i>duty</i> in intelligent beings.</def>

<blockquote>They [the eyes] resign their <b>office</b> and their light.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hesperus, whose <b>office</b> is to bring
Twilight upon the earth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In this experiment the several intervals of the teeth of the comb do the <b>office</b> of so many prisms.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The place where a particular kind of business or service for others is transacted; a house or apartment in which public officers and others transact business; <as>as, the register's <ex>office</ex>; a lawyer's <ex>office</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The company or corporation, or persons collectively, whose place of business is in an office; <as>as, I have notified the <ex>office</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The apartments or outhouses in which the domestics discharge the duties attached to the service of a house, as kitchens, pantries, stables, etc.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>As for the <b>offices</b>, let them stand at distance.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Any service other than that of ordination and the Mass; any prescribed religious service.</def>

<blockquote>This morning was read in the church, after the <b>office</b> was done, the declaration setting forth the late conspiracy against the king's person.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Holy office</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Inquisition</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Houses of office</col>. <cd>Same as def. 7 above. <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>Little office</col> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld>, <cd>an office recited in honor of the Virgin Mary.</cd> -- <col>Office bearer</col>, <cd>an officer; one who has a specific office or duty to perform.</cd> -- <col>Office copy</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an authenticated or certified copy of a record, from the proper office. See <cref>Certified copies</cref>, under <er>Copy</er>. <i>Abbott.</i></cd> -- <col>Office-found</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the finding of an inquest of office. See under <er>Inquest</er>.</cd> -- <col>Office holder</col>. <cd>See <er>Officeholder</er> in the Vocabulary</cd></cs>

<h1>Office</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of`fice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To perform, as the duties of an office; to discharge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Officeholder</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of"fice*hold"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An officer, particularly one in the civil service; a placeman.</def>

<h1>Officer</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of"fi*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>officier</ets>. See <er>Office</er>, and cf. <er>Official</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who holds an office; a person lawfully invested with an office, whether civil, military, or ecclesiastical; <as>as, a church <ex>officer</ex>; a police <ex>officer</ex>; a staff <ex>officer</ex>.</as></def> "I am an <i>officer</i> of state."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(U. S. Mil.)</fld> <def>Specifically, a commissioned officer, in distinction from a warrant officer.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Field officer</col>, <col>General officer</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Field</er>, <er>General</er>. etc.</cd> -- <col>Officer of the day</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the officer who, on a given day, has charge for that day of the quard, prisoners, and police of the post or camp.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Officer of the deck</col>, &or; <col>Officer of the watch</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the officer temporarily in charge on the deck of a vessel, esp. a war vessel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Officer</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of"fi*cer</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Officered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Officering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish with officers; to appoint officers over.</def>

<i>Marshall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To command as an officer; <as>as, veterans from old regiments <ex>officered</ex> the recruits</as>.</def>

<h1>Official</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of*fi"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>officialis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>officiel</ets>. See <er>Office</er>, and cf. <er>Official</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an office or public trust; <as>as, <ex>official</ex> duties, or routine</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That, in the <b>official</b> marks invested, you
Anon do meet the senate.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Derived from the proper office or officer, or from the proper authority; made or communicated by virtue of authority; <as>as, an <ex>official</ex> statement or report</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Pharm.)</fld> <def>Approved by authority; sanctioned by the pharmacop\'d2ia; appointed to be used in medicine; <as>as, an <ex>official</ex> drug or preparation</as>.  Cf. <er>Officinal</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Discharging an office or function.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The stomach and other parts <b>official</b> unto nutrition.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Official</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of*fi"cial</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>officialis</ets> a magistrate's servant or attendant: cf.F. <ets>official</ets>. See <er>Official</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Officer</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who holds an office; esp., a subordinate executive officer or attendant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ecclesiastical judge appointed by a bishop, chapter, archdeacon, etc., with charge of the spiritual jurisdiction.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Officialism</h1>
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<hw>Of*fi"cial*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being official; a system of official government; also, adherence to office routine; red-tapism.</def>

<blockquote><b>Officialism</b> may often drift into blunders.
<i>Smiles.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Officialily</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of*fi`ci*al`i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Officialty</er>.</def>

<h1>Officially</h1>
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<hw>Of*fi"cial*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By the proper officer; by virtue of the proper authority; in pursuance of the special powers vested in an officer or office; <as>as, accounts or reports <ex>officially</ex> vertified or rendered; letters <ex>officially</ex> communicated; persons <ex>officially</ex> notified.</as></def>

<h1>Officialty</h1>
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<hw>Of*fi"cial*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>officialit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The charge, office, court, or jurisdiction of an official.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Officiant</h1>
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<hw>Of*fi"ciant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>officians</ets>, p.pr. See <er>Officiate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The officer who officiates or performs an office, as the burial office.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Officiary</h1>
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<hw>Of*fi"ci*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an office or an officer; official.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Heylin.</i>

<h1>Officiate</h1>
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<hw>Of*fi"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Officiated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Officiating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>officiare</ets>. See <er>Office</er>.]</ety> <def>To act as an officer in performing a duty; to transact the business of an office or public trust; to conduct a public service.</def>

<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i>

<h1>Officiate</h1>
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<hw>Of*fi"ci*ate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To discharge, perform, or supply, as an official duty or function.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Merely to <b>officiate</b> light
Round this opacous earth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Officiator</h1>
<Xpage=998>

<hw>Of*fi"ci*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who officiates.</def>

<i>Tylor.</i>

<h1>Officinal</h1>
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<hw>Of*fic"i*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>officina</ets> a workshop, contr.fr. <ets>opificina</ets>, fr. <ets>opifex</ets> a workman; <ets>opus</ets> work + <ets>facere</ets> to make or do.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Used in a shop, or belonging to it.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Pharm.)</fld> <def>Kept in stock by apothecaries; -- said of such drugs and medicines as may be obtained without special preparation or compounding; not magistral.</def>

<note>&hand; This term is often interchanged with <i>official</i>, but in strict use <i>officinal</i> drugs are not necessarily <i>official</i>. See <er>Official</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 3.</note>

<h1>Officious</h1>
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<hw>Of*fi"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>officiosus</ets>: cf.F. <ets>officieux</ets>. See <er>Office</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or being in accordance with, duty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>If there were any lie in the case, it could be no more than as <b>officious</b> and venial one.
<i>Note on Gen. xxvii. (Douay version).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disposed to serve; kind; obliging.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Yet not to earth are those bright luminaries
<b>Officious</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They were tolerably well bred, very <b>officious</b>, humane, and hospitable.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Importunately interposing services; intermeddling in affairs in which one has no concern; meddlesome.</def>

<blockquote>You are too <b>officious</b>
In her behalf that scorns your services.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Impertinent; meddling.  See <er>Impertinent</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Of*fi"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Of*fi"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<hr>
<page="999">
Page 999<p>

<h1>Offing</h1>
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<hw>Off"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Off</er>.]</ety> <def>That part of the sea at a good distance from the shore, or where there is deep water and no need of a pilot; also, distance from the shore; <as>as, the ship had ten miles <ex>offing</ex>; we saw a ship in the <ex>offing</ex>.</as></def>

<-- hence, coming, arriving in the near future -->

<h1>Offish</h1>
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<hw>Off"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shy or distant in manner.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Offlet</h1>
<Xpage=999>

<hw>Off"let</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Off</ets> + <ets>let</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pipe to let off water.</def>

<h1>Offscouring</h1>
<Xpage=999>

<hw>Off"scour`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Off</ets> + <ets>scour</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which is scoured off; hence, refuse; rejected matter; that which is vile or despised.</def>

<i>Lam. iii. 45.</i>

<h1>Offscum</h1>
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<hw>Off"scum`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Off</ets> + <ets>scum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Removed scum; refuse; dross.</def>

<h1>Offset</h1>
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<hw>Off"set`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Off</etrs> + <ets>set.</ets> Cf. <er>Set-off</er>.]</ety> <def>In general, that which is set off, from, before, or against, something</def>; as: --

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A short prostrate shoot, which takes root and produces a tuft of leaves, etc. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Houseleek</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sum, account, or value set off against another sum or account, as an equivalent; hence, anything which is given in exchange or retaliation; a set-off.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A spur from a range of hills or mountains.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A horizontal ledge on the face of a wall, formed by a diminution of its thickness, or by the weathering or upper surface of a part built out from it; -- called also <altname>set-off</altname>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Surv.)</fld> <def>A short distance measured at right angles from a line actually run to some point in an irregular boundary, or to some object.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>An abrupt bend in an object, as a rod, by which one part is turned aside out of line, but nearly parallel, with the rest; the part thus bent aside.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A more or less distinct transfer of a printed page or picture to the opposite page, when the pages are pressed together before the ink is dry or when it is poor.</def>

<cs><col>Offset staff</col> <fld>(Surv.)</fld>, <cd>a rod, usually ten links long, used in measuring offsets.</cd></cs>
<-- offset printing. see def. 7 -->

<h1>Offset</h1>
<Xpage=999>

<hw>Off*set"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Offset</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Offsetting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set off; to place over against; to balance; <as>as, to <ex>offset</ex> one account or charge against another</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form an offset in, as in a wall, rod, pipe, etc.</def>

<h1>Offset</h1>
<Xpage=999>

<hw>Off"set</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <def>To make an offset.</def>

<h1>Offshoot</h1>
<Xpage=999>

<hw>Off"shoot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Off</ets> + <ets>shoot</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which shoots off or separates from a main stem, channel, family, race, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>offshoots</ex> of a tree</as>.</def>

<h1>Offshore</h1>
<Xpage=999>

<hw>Off"shore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>From the shore; <as>as, an <ex>offshore</ex> wind; an <ex>offshore</ex> signal.</as></def>

<h1>Offskip</h1>
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<hw>Off"skip`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Off</ets> + <ets>-skip</ets>, as in <ets>landskip</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>That part of a landscape which recedes from the spectator into distance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Offspring</h1>
<Xpage=999>

<hw>Off"spring`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.sing. & pl.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Off</ets> + <ets>spring</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of production; generation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is produced; a child or children; a descendant or descendants, however remote from the stock.</def>

<blockquote>To the gods alone
Our future <b>offspring</b> and our wives are known.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Origin; lineage; family.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Offuscate, Offuscation</h1>
<Xpage=999>

<hw><hw>Of*fus"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Of`fus*ca`tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <def>See <er>Obfuscate</er>, <er>Obfuscation</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Oft</h1>
<Xpage=999>

<hw>Oft</hw> <tt>(&ocr;ft; 115)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>oft</ets>; akin to OS. & G. <ets>oft</ets>, OHG. <ets>ofto</ets>, Sw. <ets>ofta</ets>, Dan. <ets>ofte</ets>, Icel.<ets>opt</ets>, Goth. <ets>ufta</ets>; of uncertain origin. Cf. <er>Often</er>.]</ety> <def>Often; frequently; not rarely; many times.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote><b>Oft</b> she rejects, but never once offends.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oft</h1>
<Xpage=999>

<hw>Oft</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Frequent; often; repeated.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<h1>Often</h1>
<Xpage=999>

<hw>Of`ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Oftener</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Oftenest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Formerly also <ets>ofte</ets>, fr. <ets>oft</ets>.  See <er>Oft</er>., <tt>adv.</tt>]</ety> <def>Frequently; many times; not seldom.</def>

<h1>Often</h1>
<Xpage=999>

<hw>Of"ten</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Frequent; common; repeated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Thine <i>often</i> infirmities."

<i>1 Tim. v. 23.</i>

<blockquote>And weary thee with <b>often</b> welcomes.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oftenness</h1>
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<hw>Of"ten*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Frequency.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Oftensith</h1>
<Xpage=999>

<hw>Of"ten*sith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Often</ets> + <ets>sith</ets> time.]</ety> <def>Frequently; often.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For whom I sighed have so <b>oftensith</b>.
<i>Gascoigne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oftentide</h1>
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<hw>Of"ten*tide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Often</ets> + <ets>tide</ets> time.]</ety> <def>Frequently; often.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Robert of Brunne.</i>

<h1>Oftentimes</h1>
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<hw>Of"ten*times`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Often</ets> + <ets>time.</ets> Cf.  <er>-wards</er>.]</ety> <def>Frequently; often; many times.</def>

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<h1>Ofter</h1>
<Xpage=999>

<hw>Oft"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def><tt>Compar.</tt> of <er>Oft</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ofttimes</h1>
<Xpage=999>

<hw>Oft"times`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oft</ets> + <ets>time.</ets> Cf. <er>-wards</er>.]</ety> <def>Frequently; often.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Ogam</h1>
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<hw>Og"am</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ogham</er>.</def>

<h1>Ogdoad</h1>
<Xpage=999>

<hw>Og"do*ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Gr</ets>. <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, from <?/ eight.]</ety> <def>A thing made up of eight parts.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Ogdoastich</h1>
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<hw>Og`do*as`tich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the eighth + <?/ a verse.]</ety> <def>A poem of eight lines.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Selden</i>

<h1>Ogee</h1>
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<hw>O*gee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ogive</ets>, <ets>augive</ets>, LL. <ets>augiva</ets>, of uncertain origin; cf.LL. <ets>ogis</ets> a support, prop. L. <ets>augere</ets> to increase, strengthen, Sp. <ets>auge</ets> highest point of power or fortune, apogee, Ar. <ets>auj</ets>, an astronomical term.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A molding, the section of which is the form of the letter S, with the convex part above; cyma reversa. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Cyma</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, any similar figure used for any purpose.</def>

<cs><col>Ogee arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a pointed arch, each of the sides of which has the curve of an ogee, that is, has a reversed curve near the apex.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ogeechee lime</h1>
<Xpage=999>

<hw>O*gee"chee lime`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[So named from the <ets>Ogeechee</ets> River in Georgia.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The acid, olive-shaped, drupaceous fruit of a species of tupelo (<spn>Nyssa capitata</spn>) which grows in swamps in Georgia and Florida.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The tree which bears this fruit.</def>

<h1>Ogganition</h1>
<Xpage=999>

<hw>Og`ga*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>oggannire</ets> to snarl at; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>gannire</ets> to yelp.]</ety> <def>Snarling; grumbling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Ogham</h1>
<Xpage=999>

<hw>Og"ham</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir.]</ety> <def>A particular kind of writing practiced by the ancient Irish, and found in inscriptions on stones, metals, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ogam</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ogive</h1>
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<hw>O"give</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ogive</ets>, OF. <ets>augive</ets> a pointed arch, LL. <ets>augiva</ets> a double arch of two at right angles.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The arch or rib which crosses a Gothic vault diagonally.</def>

<h1>Ogle</h1>
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<hw>O"gle</hw> <tt>(&omac;g'l)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ogled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ogling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From a Dutch word corresponding to G. <ets>\'84ugeln</ets> to ogle, fr. <ets>auge</ets> eye; cf. D. <ets>ooglonken</ets> to ogle, OD. <ets>oogen</ets> to cast sheep's eyes upon, <ets>ooge</ets> eye. See <er>Eye</er>.]</ety> <def>To view or look at with side glances, as in fondness, or with a design to attract notice.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>ogling</b> all their audience, ere they speak.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ogle</h1>
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<hw>O"gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An amorous side glance or look.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Ogler</h1>
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<hw>O"gler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who ogles.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Oglio</h1>
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<hw>O"gli*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Olio</er>.</def>

<h1>Ogre</h1>
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<hw>O"gre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Sp. <ets>ogro</ets>, fr. L. <ets>Orcus</ets> the god of the infernal regions; also, the lower world, hell.]</ety> <def>An imaginary monster, or hideous giant of fairy tales, who lived on human beings; hence, any frightful giant; a cruel monster.</def>

<blockquote>His schoolroom must have resembled an <b>ogre's</b> den.
<i>Maccaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ogreish</h1>
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<hw>O"gre*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling an ogre; having the character or appearance of an ogre; suitable for an ogre.</def> "An <i>ogreish</i> kind of jocularity."

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Ogress</h1>
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<hw>O"gress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.<ets>ogresse</ets>. See <er>Ogre</er>.]</ety> <def>A female ogre.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Ogreism, Ogrism</h1>
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<hw><hw>O"gre*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O"grism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The character or manners of an ogre.</def>

<h1>Ogygian</h1>
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<hw>O*gyg"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Ogygius</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Ogyges, a mythical king of ancient Attica, or to a great deluge in Attica in his days; hence, primeval; of obscure antiquity.</def>

<h1>Oh</h1>
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<hw>Oh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[See O, <ets>interj</ets>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation expressing various emotions, according to the tone and manner, especially surprise, pain, sorrow, anxiety, or a wish. See the Note under O.</def>

<h1>Ohm</h1>
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<hw>Ohm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from the German electrician, G.S. <ets>Ohm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The standard unit in the measure of electrical resistance, being the resistance of a circuit in which a potential difference of one volt produces a current of one amp\'82re. As defined by the International Electrical Congress in 1893, and by United States Statute, it is a resistance substantially equal to 10<exp>9</exp> units of resistance of the C.G.S. system of electro-magnetic units, and is represented by the resistance offered to an unvarying electric current by a column of mercury at the temperature of melting ice 14.4521 grams in mass, of a constant cross-sectional area, and of the length of 106.3 centimeters. As thus defined it is called the <stype>international ohm</stype>.</def>

<cs><col>Ohm's law</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>the statement of the fact that the strength or intensity of an electrical current is directly proportional to the electro-motive force, and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oho</h1>
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<hw>O*ho"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>An exclamation of surprise, etc.</def>

<h1>-oid</h1>
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<hw>-oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ form, akin to <?/ to see, and E. <ets>wit</ets>: cf.F. <ets>-o\'8bde</ets>, L. <ets>-o\'8bdes</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix or combining form meaning <i>like</i>, <i>resembling</i>, <i>in the form of</i>; as in anthrop<i>oid</i>, aster<i>oid</i>, spher<i>oid</i>.</def>

<h1>O\'8bdium</h1>
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<hw>O*\'8bd"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., dim. fr. Gr. <?/ egg.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of minute fungi which form a floccose mass of filaments on decaying fruit, etc. Many forms once referred to this genus are now believed to be temporary conditions of fungi of other genera, among them the vine mildew (<spn>O\'8bdium Tuckeri</spn>), which has caused much injury to grapes.</def>

<h1>Oil</h1>
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<hw>Oil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>oile</ets>, OF. <ets>oile</ets>, F. <ets>huile</ets>, fr. L. <ets>oleum</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Olive</er>.]</ety> <def>Any one of a great variety of unctuous combustible substances, not miscible with water; <as>as, olive <ex>oil</ex>, whale <ex>oil</ex>, rock <ex>oil</ex>, etc.</as>  They are of animal, vegetable, or mineral origin and of varied composition, and they are variously used for food, for solvents, for anointing, lubrication, illumination, etc. By extension, any substance of an oily consistency; <as>as, <ex>oil</ex> of vitriol</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The mineral oils are varieties of petroleum. See <er>Petroleum</er>. The vegetable oils are of two classes, <stype>essential oils</stype> (see under <er>Essential</er>), and <stype>natural oils</stype> which in general resemble the animal oils and fats. Most of the natural oils and the animal oils and fats consist of ethereal salts of glycerin, with a large number of organic acids, principally stearic, oleic, and palmitic, forming respectively stearin, olein, and palmitin. Stearin and palmitin prevail in the solid oils and fats, and olein in the liquid oils. Mutton tallow, beef tallow, and lard are rich in stearin, human fat and palm oil in palmitin, and sperm and cod-liver oils in olein. In making soaps, the acids leave the glycerin and unite with the soda or potash.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Animal oil</col>, <col>Bone oil</col>, <col>Dipple's oil</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, a complex oil obtained by the distillation of animal substances, as bones. See <cref>Bone oil</cref>, under <er>Bone</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Drying oils</col>, <col>Essential oils</col></mcol>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Drying</er>, and <er>Essential</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Ethereal oil of wine</col>, <col>Heavy oil of wine</col></mcol>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Ethereal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fixed oil</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Fixed</er>.</cd> -- <col>Oil bag</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bag, cyst, or gland in animals, containing oil.</cd> -- <col>Oil beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any beetle of the genus <spn>Meloe</spn> and allied genera. When disturbed they emit from the joints of the legs a yellowish oily liquor. Some species possess vesicating properties, and are used instead of cantharides.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Oil box</col>, &or; <col>Oil cellar</col></mcol> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a fixed box or reservoir, for lubricating a bearing; esp., the box for oil beneath the journal of a railway-car axle.</cd> -- <col>Oil cake</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cake</er>.</cd> -- <col>Oil cock</col>, <cd>a stopcock connected with an oil cup. See <cref>Oil cup</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Oil color</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A paint made by grinding a coloring substance in oil</cd>.  <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Such paints, taken in a general sense.</cd><-- (c)a painting made from such a paint --> -- <col>Oil cup</col>, <cd>a cup, or small receptacle, connected with a bearing as a lubricator, and usually provided with a wick, wire, or adjustable valve for regulating the delivery of oil.</cd> -- <col>Oil engine</col>, <cd>a gas engine worked with the explosive vapor of petroleum.</cd><-- = gasoline engine? --> -- <col>Oil gas</col>, <cd>inflammable gas procured from oil, and used for lighting streets, houses, etc.</cd> -- <col>Oil gland</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>A gland which secretes oil; especially in birds, the large gland at the base of the tail</cd>.  <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A gland, in some plants, producing oil.</cd> -- <col>Oil green</col>, <cd>a pale yellowish green, like oil.</cd> -- <col>Oil of brick</col>, <cd>empyreumatic oil obtained by subjecting a brick soaked in oil to distillation at a high temperature, -- used by lapidaries as a vehicle for the emery by which stones and gems are sawn or cut. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Oil of talc</col>, <cd>a nostrum made of calcined talc, and famous in the 17th century as a cosmetic. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>B. Jonson</i>.</cd> -- <col>Oil of vitriol</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>strong sulphuric acid; -- so called from its oily consistency and from its forming the vitriols or sulphates.</cd> -- <col>Oil of wine</col>, <cd><OE/nanthic ether. See under <er><OE/nanthic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Oil painting</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The art of painting in oil colors</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Any kind of painting of which the pigments are originally ground in oil.</cd> -- <col>Oil palm</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a palm tree whose fruit furnishes oil, esp. <spn>El\'91is Guineensis</spn>. See <er>El\'91is</er>.</cd> -- <col>Oil sardine</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an East Indian herring (<spn>Clupea scombrina</spn>), valued for its oil.</cd> -- <col>Oil shark</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The liver shark</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The tope.</cd> -- <col>Oil still</col>, <cd>a still for hydrocarbons, esp. for petroleum.</cd> -- <col>Oil test</col>, <cd>a test for determining the temperature at which petroleum oils give off vapor which is liable to explode.</cd> -- <col>Oil tree</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A plant of the genus <spn>Ricinus</spn> (<spn>R. communis), from the seeds of which castor oil is obtained.</spn> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An Indian tree, the mahwa.</cd> See <er>Mahwa</er>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The oil palm.</cd> -- <col>To burn the midnight oil</col>, <cd>to study or work late at night.</cd> -- <col>Volatle oils</col>. <cd>See <cref>Essential oils</cref>, under <er>Essential</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oil</h1>
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<hw>Oil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Oiled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Oiling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To smear or rub over with oil; to lubricate with oil; to anoint with oil.</def>

<h1>Oilbird</h1>
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<hw>Oil"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Guacharo</er>.</def>

<h1>Oilcloth</h1>
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<hw>Oil"cloth"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cloth treated with oil or paint, and used for marking garments, covering flooors, etc.</def>

<h1>Oiled</h1>
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<hw>Oiled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered or treated with oil; dressed with, or soaked in, oil.</def>

<cs><col>Oiled silk</col>, <cd>silk rendered waterproof by saturation with boiled oil.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oiler</h1>
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<hw>Oil"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who deals in oils.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who, or that which, oils.</def>

<h1>Oilery</h1>
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<hw>Oil"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>huilerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The business, the place of business, or the goods, of a maker of, or dealer in, oils.</def>

<h1>Oiliness</h1>
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<hw>Oil"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being oily.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Oillet</h1>
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<hw>Oil"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Eyelet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small opening or loophole, sometimes circular, used in medi\'91val fortifications.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small circular opening, and ring of moldings surrounding it, used in window tracery in Gothic architecture.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>oylet</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Oilman</h1>
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<hw>Oil"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Oilmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who deals in oils; formerly, one who dealt in oils and pickles.</def>
<-- 2. one working in the petroleum industry, esp. an oil company executive. -->

<h1>Oilnut</h1>
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<hw>Oil"nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The buffalo nut. See <cref>Buffalo nut</cref>, under <er>Buffalo</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also applied to various nuts and seeds yielding oil, as the butternut, cocoanut, oil-palm nut.</note>

<h1>Oilseed</h1>
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<hw>Oil"seed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Seed from which oil is expressed, as the castor bean; also, the plant yielding such seed. See <er>Castor bean</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A cruciferous herb (<spn>Camelina sativa</spn>).</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The sesame.</def>

<h1>Oilskin</h1>
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<hw>Oil"skin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cloth made waterproof by oil.</def>

<h1>Oilstone</h1>
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<hw>Oil"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A variety of hone slate, or whetstone, used for whetting tools when lubricated with oil.</def>

<h1>Oily</h1>
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<hw>Oil"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Oilier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Oiliest</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of oil; containing oil; having the nature or qualities of oil; unctuous; oleaginous; <as>as, <ex>oily</ex> matter or substance</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Covered with oil; greasy; hence, resembling oil; <as>as, an <ex>oily</ex> appearance</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Smoothly subservient; supple; compliant; plausible; insinuating.</def> "This <i>oily</i> rascal."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>His <b>oily</b> compliance in all alterations.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Oily grain</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the sesame.</cd> -- <col>Oily palm</col>, <cd>the oil palm.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oinement</h1>
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<hw>Oi"ne*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ointment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Oinomania</h1>
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<hw>Oi`no*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>\'d2nomania</er>.</def>

<h1>Oint</h1>
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<hw>Oint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ointed</er>; <tt>p. pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ointing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>oint</ets>, p.p. of <ets>oindre</ets>, L. <ets>ungere</ets>. See <er>Anoint</er>, <er>Ointment</er>.]</ety> <def>To anoint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Ointment</h1>
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<hw>Oint"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>oinement</ets>, OF. <ets>oignement</ets>, fr.F. <ets>oindre</ets> to anoint, L. <ets>ungere</ets>, <ets>unguere</ets>; akin to Skr. <ets>a<?/j</ets>, and to G. <ets>anke</ets> (in Switzerland) butter. The first <ets>t</ets> in the E. word is due to the influence of <ets>anoint</ets>. Cf. <er>Anoint</er>, <er>Unguent</er>.]</ety> <def>That which serves to anoint; any soft unctuous substance used for smearing or anointing; an unguent.</def>

<h1>Ojibways</h1>
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<hw>O*jib"ways</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Ojibway</singw></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Chippeways</er>.</def>

<h1>Ojo</h1>
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<hw>O"jo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., prop., an eye.]</ety> <def>A spring, surrounded by rushes or rank grass; an oasis.</def> <mark>[Southwestern U.S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Oke</h1>
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<hw>Oke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk. <ets>okkah</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>&umac;k&imac;yah</ets>, <ets>wak&imac;yah</ets>, prob. fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, an ounce, fr. L. <ets>uncia.</ets> Cf. <er>Ounce</er> a weight.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A Turkish and Egyptian weight, equal to about 2<frac34/ pounds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An Hungarian and Wallachian measure, equal to about 2<frac12/ pints.</def>

<h1>Okenite</h1>
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<hw>O"ken*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from Lorenz <ets>Oken</ets>, a German naturalist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A massive and fibrous mineral of a whitish color, chiefly hydrous silicate of lime.</def>

<h1>Oker</h1>
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<hw>O"ker</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ocher</er>.</def>

<h1>Okra</h1>
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<hw>O"kra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An annual plant (<spn>Abelmoschus, &or; Hibiscus, esculentus</spn>), whose green pods, abounding in nutritious mucilage, are much used for soups, stews, or pickles; gumbo.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ocra</asp> and <asp>ochra</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>-ol</h1>
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<hw>-ol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From alcoh<ets>ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A suffix denoting that the substance in the name of which it appears belongs to the series of <i>alcohols</i> or <i>hydroxyl derivatives</i>, as carbin<i>ol</i>, glycer<i>ol</i>, etc.</def>

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<h1>Olay</h1>
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<hw>O"lay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Tamil <ets>\'d3lai</ets>.]</ety> <def>Palm leaves, prepared for being written upon with a style pointed with steel.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ola</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Balfour (Cyc. of India).</i>

<h1>Old</h1>
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<hw>Old</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Open country. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>World</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Old</h1>
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<hw>Old</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Older</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Oldest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>old</ets>, <ets>ald</ets>, AS. <ets>ald</ets>, <ets>eald</ets>; akin to D. <ets>oud</ets>, OS. <ets>ald</ets>, OFries. <ets>ald</ets>, <ets>old</ets>, G. <ets>alt</ets>, Goth. <ets>alpeis</ets>, and also to Goth. <ets>alan</ets> to grow up, Icel. <ets>ala</ets> to bear, produce, bring up, L. <ets>alere</ets> to nourish. Cf. <er>Adult</er>, <er>Alderman</er>, <er>Aliment</er>, <er>Auld</er>, <er>Elder</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not young; advanced far in years or life; having lived till toward the end of the ordinary term of living; <as>as, an <ex>old</ex> man; an <ex>old</ex> age; an <ex>old</ex> horse; an <ex>old</ex> tree</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Let not <b>old</b> age disgrace my high desire.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The melancholy news that we grow <b>old</b>.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not new or fresh; not recently made or produced; having existed for a long time; <as>as, <ex>old</ex> wine; an <ex>old</ex> friendship.</as></def> "An <i>old</i> acquaintance."

<i>Camden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Formerly existing; ancient; not modern; preceding; original; <as>as, an <ex>old</ex> law; an <ex>old</ex> custom; an <ex>old</ex> promise.</as></def> "The <i>old</i> schools of Greece." <i>Milton</i>. "The character of the <i>old</i> Ligurians." <i>Addison</i>.

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Continued in life; advanced in the course of existence; having (a certain) length of existence; -- designating the age of a person or thing; <as>as, an infant a few hours <ex>old</ex>; a cathedral centuries <ex>old</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>And Pharaoh said unto Jacob, How <b>old</b> art thou?
<i>Cen. xlvii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In this use <i>old</i> regularly follows the noun that designates the age; as, she was eight years <i>old</i>.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Long practiced; hence, skilled; experienced; cunning; <as>as, an <ex>old</ex> offender; <ex>old</ex> in vice.</as></def>

<blockquote>Vane, young in years, but in sage counsel <b>old</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Long cultivated; <as>as, an <ex>old</ex> farm; <ex>old</ex> land</as>, as opposed to <ant>new</ant> land, that is, to land lately cleared.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Worn out; weakened or exhausted by use; past usefulness; <as>as, <ex>old</ex> shoes; <ex>old</ex> clothes.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>More than enough; abundant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If a man were porter of hell gate, he should have <b>old</b> turning the key.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Aged; antiquated; hence, wanting in the mental vigor or other qualities belonging to youth; -- used disparagingly as a term of reproach.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Old-fashioned; wonted; customary; as of <i>old</i>; <as>as, the good <ex>old</ex> times</as>; hence, colloquially, gay; jolly.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>Used colloquially as a term of cordiality and familiarity.</def> "Go thy ways, <i>old</i> lad."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Old age</col>, <cd>advanced years; the latter period of life.</cd> -- <col>Old bachelor</col>. <cd>See <er>Bachelor</er>, 1.</cd> -- <col>Old Catholics</col>. <cd>See under <er>Catholic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Old English</col>. <cd>See under <er>English</er>. <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Old Nick</col>, <col>Old Scratch</col></mcol>, <cd>the devil.</cd> -- <col>Old lady</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large European noctuid moth (<spn>Mormo maura</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Old maid</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A woman, somewhat advanced in years, who has never been married; a spinster</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A West Indian name for the pink-flowered periwinkle (<spn>Vinca rosea</spn>).</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A simple game of cards, played by matching them. The person with whom the odd card is left is the <i>old maid<i>.</cd> -- <col>Old man's beard</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The traveler's joy (<spn>Clematis Vitalba</spn>). So named from the abundant long feathery awns of its fruit.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The <spn>Tillandsia usneoides</spn>. See <er>Tillandsia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Old man's head</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a columnar cactus (<spn>Pilocereus senilis</spn>), native of Mexico, covered towards the top with long white hairs.</cd> -- <col>Old red sandstone</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a series of red sandstone rocks situated below the rocks of the Carboniferous age and comprising various strata of siliceous sandstones and conglomerates. See <er>Sandstone</er>, and the <i>Chart<i> of <er>Geology</er>.</cd> -- <col>Old school</col>, <cd>a school or party belonging to a former time, or preserving the character, manner, or opinious of a former time; <as>as, a gentleman of the <ex>old school<ex>; -- used also adjectively; as, <ex>Old-School<ex> Presbyterians</as>.</cd> -- <col>Old sledge</col>, <cd>an old and well-known game of cards, called also <altname>all fours</altname>, and <altname>high, low, Jack, and the game</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Old squaw</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a duck (<spn>Clangula hyemalis</spn>) inhabiting the northern parts of both hemispheres. The adult male is varied with black and white and is remarkable for the length of its tail. Called also <altname>longtailed duck</altname>, <altname>south southerly</altname>, <altname>callow</altname>, <altname>hareld</altname>, and <altname>old wife</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Old style</col>. <fld>(Chron.)</fld> <cd>See the Note under <er>Style</er>.</cd> -- <col>Old Testament</col>. <cd>See under <er>Testament</er>.</cd> -- <col>Old wife</col>. <altsp>[In the senses <asp>b<asp> and <asp>c<asp>written also <asp>oldwife<asp>.]</altsp> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A prating old woman; a gossip.</cd>

<blockquote>Refuse profane and <b>old wives'</b> fables.
<i>1 Tim. iv. 7.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>The local name of various fishes, as the European black sea bream (<spn>Cantharus lineatus</spn>), the American alewife, etc.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>A duck; the old squaw.</cd> -- <col>Old World</col>, <cd>the Eastern Hemisphere.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Aged; ancient; pristine; primitive; antique; antiquated; old-fashioned; obsolete. See <er>Ancient</er>.</syn>

<h1>Olden</h1>
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<hw>Old"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Old; ancient; <as>as, the <ex>olden</ex> time</as>.</def> "A minstrel of the <i>olden</i> stamp."

<i>J. C. Shairp.</i>

<h1>Olden</h1>
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<hw>Old"en</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow old; to age.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>She had <b>oldened</b> in that time.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Old-fashioned</h1>
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<hw>Old`-fash"ioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed according to old or obsolete fashion or pattern; adhering to old customs or ideas; <as>as, an <ex>old-fashioned</ex> dress, girl</as>.</def> "<i>Old-fashioned</i> men of wit."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>This <b>old-fashioned</b>, quaint abode.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Old-gentlemanly</h1>
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<hw>Old`-gen"tle*man*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to an old gentleman, or like one.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Oldish</h1>
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<hw>Old"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat old.</def>

<h1>Old lang syne</h1>
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<hw>Old` lang syne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Auld lang syne</er>.</def>

<h1>Old-maidish</h1>
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<hw>Old`-maid"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like an old maid; prim; precise; particular.</def>

<h1>Old-maidism</h1>
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<hw>Old`-maid"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or characteristics of an old maid.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Oldness</h1>
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<hw>Old"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being old; old age.</def>

<h1>Oldster</h1>
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<hw>Old"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Youngster</er>.]</ety> <def>An old person.</def> <mark>[Jocular]</mark>

<i>H. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Old-womanish</h1>
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<hw>Old`-wom`an*ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like an old woman; anile.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Old`-wom"an*ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Olea</h1>
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<hw>O"le*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. olive. See <er>Olive</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees including the olive.</def>

<note>&hand; The Chinese <spn>Olea fragrans</spn>, noted for its fragrance, and the American devilwood (<spn>Olea Americana</spn>) are now usually referred to another genus (<spn>Osmanthus</spn>).</note>

<h1>Oleaceous</h1>
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<hw>O`le*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ol\'82aceus</ets> of the olive tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants (<spn>Oleace\'91</spn>), mostly trees and shrubs, of which the olive is the type. It includes also the ash, the lilac, the true jasmine, and fringe tree.</def>

<h1>Oleaginous</h1>
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<hw>O`le*ag`i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oleaginus</ets>, <ets>oleagineus</ets>, belonging to the olive, fr. <ets>olea</ets> olive: cf. F. <ets>ol\'82agineux</ets>. See <er>Olive</er>, <er>Oil</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the nature or qualities of oil; oily; unctuous.</def>

<h1>Oleaginousness</h1>
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<hw>O`le*ag`i*nous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Oiliness.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Oleamen</h1>
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<hw>O`le*a"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A soft ointment prepared from oil.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Oleander</h1>
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<hw>O`le*an"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ol\'82andre</ets> (cf. It. <ets>oleandro</ets>, LL. <ets>lorandrum</ets>), prob. corrupted, under the influence of <ets>laurus</ets> laurel, fr. L. <ets>rhododendron</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ rose + <?/ tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A beautiful evergreen shrub of the Dogbane family, having clusters of fragrant red or white flowers. It is native of the East Indies, but the red variety has become common in the south of Europe. Called also <altname>rosebay</altname>, <altname>rose laurel</altname>, and <altname>South-sea rose</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; Every part of the plant is dangerously poisonous, and death has occured from using its wood for skewers in cooking meat.</note>

<h1>Oleandrine</h1>
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<hw>O`le*an"drine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of several alkaloids found in the leaves of the oleander.</def>

<h1>Oleaster</h1>
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<hw>O`le*as"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>olea</ets> olive tree. See <er>Olive</er>, <er>Oil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The wild olive tree (<spn>Olea Europea</spn>, var. <spn>sylvestris</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any species of the genus <spn>El\'91agus</spn>. See <er>Eleagnus</er>. The small silvery berries of the common species (<spn>El\'91agnus hortensis</spn>) are called <i>Trebizond dates</i>, and are made into cakes by the Arabs.</def>

<h1>Oleate</h1>
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<hw>O"le*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>ol\'82ate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of oleic acid. Some oleates, as the oleate of mercury, are used in medicine by way of inunction.</def>

<h1>Olecranal</h1>
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<hw>O*lec"ra*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the olecranon.</def>

<h1>Olecranon</h1>
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<hw>O*lec"ra*non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr.Gr. <?/; <?/ elbow + <?/ the head.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The large process at the proximal end of the ulna which projects behind the articulation with the humerus and forms the bony prominence of the elbow.</def>

<h1>Olefiant</h1>
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<hw>O*le"fi*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ol\'82fiant</ets>, fr.L. <ets>oleum</ets> oil + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.). Cf. <er>-Fy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Forming or producing an oil; specifically, designating a colorless gaseous hydrocarbon called <i>ethylene</i>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Olefine</h1>
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<hw>O"le*fine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Olefiant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Olefiant gas, or ethylene; hence, by extension, any one of the series of unsaturated hydrocarbons of which ethylene is a type. See <er>Ethylene</er>.</def>

<h1>Oleic</h1>
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<hw>O"le*ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oleum</ets> oil: cf. F. <ets>ol\'82ique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or contained in, oil; <as>as, <ex>oleic</ex> acid, an acid of the acrylic acid series found combined with glyceryl in the form of olein in certain animal and vegetable fats and oils, such as sperm oil, olive oil, etc</as>. At low temperatures the acid is crystalline, but melts to an oily liquid above 14<?/ C.</def>

<h1>Oleiferous</h1>
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<hw>O`le*if`er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oleum</ets> oil + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf.F. <ets>ol\'82if\'82re</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing oil; <as>as, <ex>oleiferous</ex> seeds</as>.</def>

<h1>Olein</h1>
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<hw>O"le*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oleum</ets> oil: cf. F. <ets>ol\'82ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A fat, liquid at ordinary temperatures, but solidifying at temperatures below 0\'f8 C., found abundantly in both the animal and vegetable kingdoms (see <er>Palmitin</er>). It dissolves solid fats, especially at 30-40\'f8 C. Chemically, olein is a glyceride of oleic acid; and, as three molecules of the acid are united to one molecule of glyceryl to form the fat, it is technically known as <altname>triolein</altname>. It is also called <altname>elain</altname>.</def>

<h1>Olent</h1>
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<hw>O"lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>olens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>olere</ets> to smell.]</ety> <def>Scented.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>R. Browning.</i>

<h1>Oleograph</h1>
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<hw>O`le*o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oleum</ets> oil + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The form or figure assumed by a drop of oil when placed upon water or some other liquid with which it does not mix.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Painting)</fld> <def>A picture produced in oils by a process analogous to that of lithographic printing.</def>

<h1>Oleomargarine</h1>
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<hw>O`le*o*mar"ga*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oleum</ets> oil + E. <ets>margarine</ets>, <ets>margarin</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>oleomargarin</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A liquid oil made from animal fats (esp. beef fat) by separating the greater portion of the solid fat or stearin, by crystallization. It is mainly a mixture of olein and palmitin with some little stearin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An artificial butter made by churning this oil with more or less milk.</def>

<note>&hand; Oleomargarine was wrongly so named, as it contains no <i>margarin</i> proper, but olein, palmitin, and stearin, a mixture of palmitin and stearin having formerly been called <i>margarin</i> by mistake.</note>

<h1>Oleometer</h1>
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<hw>O`le*om`e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oleum</ets> oil + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An instrument for ascertaining the weight and purity of oil; an elaiometer.</def>

<h1>Oleone</h1>
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<hw>O"le*one</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oleum + -one</ets>, 1.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oily liquid, obtained by distillation of calcium oleate, and probably consisting of the ketone of oleic acid.</def>

<h1>Oleoptene</h1>
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<hw>O`le*op"tene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oleum</ets> oil + Cr. <?/ fleeting.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Eleoptene</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Oleoresin</h1>
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<hw>O`le*o*res"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>oleum</ets> oil + E. <ets>resin</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A natural mixture of a terebinthinate oil and a resin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A liquid or semiliquid preparation extracted (as from capsicum, cubebs, or ginger) by means of ether, and consisting of fixed or volatile oil holding resin in solution.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>O`le*o*res"in*ous</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Oleose, Oleous</h1>
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<hw><hw>O"le*ose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O"le*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oleosus</ets>, fr. <ets>oleum</ets> oil.]</ety> <def>Oily.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ray. Floyer.</i>

<h1>Oleosity</h1>
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<hw>O`le*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being oily or fat; fatness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Oleraceous</h1>
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<hw>Ol`er*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oleraceus</ets>, from <ets>olus</ets>, <ets>oleris</ets>, garden or pot herbs, vegetables.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to pot herbs; of the nature or having the qualities of herbs for cookery; esculent.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Olf</h1>
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<hw>Olf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European bullfinch.</def> <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Olfaction</h1>
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<hw>Ol*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Olfactory</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The sense by which the impressions made on the olfactory organs by the odorous particles in the atmosphere are perceived.</def>

<h1>Olfactive</h1>
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<hw>Ol*fac"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Olfactory</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Olfactor</h1>
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<hw>Ol*fac"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A smelling organ; a nose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Olfactory</h1>
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<hw>Ol*fac"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>olfactus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>olfacere</ets> to smell; <ets>olere</ets> to have a smell + <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Odor</er>, and <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or connected with, the sense of smell; <as>as, the <ex>olfactory</ex> nerves; the <ex>olfactory</ex> cells.</as></def>

<cs><col>Olfactory organ</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>an organ for smelling. In vertebrates the olfactory organs are more or less complicated sacs, situated in the front part of the head and lined with epithelium innervated by the <i>olfactory<i> (or first cranial) <i>nerves<i>, and sensitive to odoriferous particles conveyed to it in the air or in water.</cd></cs>

<h1>Olfactory</h1>
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<hw>Ol*fac"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Olfactories</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>An olfactory organ; also, the sense of smell; -- usually in the plural.</def>

<h1>Oliban</h1>
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<hw>Ol"i*ban</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Olibanum</er>.</def>

<h1>Olibanum</h1>
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<hw>O*lib"a*num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., fr. Ar. <ets>al-luban</ets> frankincense; cf.Gr. <?/, <?/, of Semitic origin.]</ety> <def>The fragrant gum resin of various species of <spn>Boswellia</spn>; Oriental frankincense.</def>

<h1>Olibene</h1>
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<hw>Ol"i*bene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless mobile liquid of a pleasant aromatic odor obtained by the distillation of olibanum, or frankincense, and regarded as a terpene; -- called also <altname>conimene</altname>.</def>

<h1>Olid, Olidous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ol"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ol"i*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>olidus</ets>, fr. <ets>olere</ets> to smell.]</ety> <def>Having a strong, disagreeable smell; fetid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle. Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Olifant</h1>
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<hw>Ol"i*fant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An elephant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ancient horn, made of ivory.</def>

<h1>Oligandrous</h1>
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<hw>Ol`i*gan"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oligo-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, man, male.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having few stamens.</def>

<h1>Oliganthous</h1>
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<hw>Ol`i*gan"thous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oligo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having few flowers.</def>

<h1>Oligarch</h1>
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<hw>Ol`i*garch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A member of an oligarchy; one of the rulers in an oligarchical government.</def>

<h1>Oligarchal</h1>
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<hw>Ol`i*gar"chal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Oligarchic.</def>

<i>Glover.</i>

<h1>Oligarchic, Oligarchical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ol`i*gar"chic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ol`i*gar"chic*al</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>oligarchique</ets>. See <er>Oligarchy</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to oligarchy, or government by a few.</def> "<i>Oligarchical</i> exiles."

<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i>

<h1>Oligarchist</h1>
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<hw>Ol"i*gar`chist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An advocate or supporter of oligarchy.</def>

<h1>Oligarchy</h1>
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<hw>Ol"i*gar"chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Oligarchies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ few, little + <?/ to rule, govern: cf.F. <ets>oligarchie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A form of government in which the supreme power is placed in the hands of a few persons; also, those who form the ruling few.</def>

<blockquote>All <b>oligarchies</b>, wherein a few men domineer, do what they list.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oligist</h1>
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<hw>Ol"i*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Oligist</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Hematite or specular iron ore; -- prob. so called in allusion to its <i>feeble</i> magnetism, as compared with magnetite.</def>

<h1>Oligist, Oligistic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ol"i*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ol`i*gis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, superl. of <?/ few, little: cf. F. <ets>oligiste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to hematite.</def>

<h1>Oligo-</h1>
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<hw>Ol"i*go-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form from Gr. <?/, <i>few</i>, <i>little</i>, <i>small</i>.</def>

<h1>Oligocene</h1>
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<hw>Ol"i*go*cene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oligo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ new, recent.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, certain strata which occupy an intermediate position between the Eocene and Miocene periods.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The Oligocene period. See the <i>Chart</i> of <er>Geology</er>.</def></def2>

<h1>Oligoch\'91ta</h1>
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<hw>Ol`i*go*ch\'91"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ little, pl., few + <?/ hair.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Annelida which includes the earthworms and related species.</def>

<h1>Oligochete</h1>
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<hw>Ol"i*go*chete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Oligoch\'91ta.</def>

<h1>Oligoclase</h1>
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<hw>Ol"i*go*clase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oligo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fracture, fr. <?/ to break.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A triclinic soda-lime feldspar. See <er>Feldspar</er>.</def>

<h1>Oligomerous</h1>
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<hw>Ol`i*gom"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oligo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having few members in each set of organs; <as>as, an <ex>oligomerous</ex> flower</as>.</def>

<h1>Oligomyold</h1>
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<hw>Ol`i*go"my*old</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oligo-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, a muscle + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having few or imperfect syringeal muscles; -- said of some passerine birds (<spn>Oligomyodi</spn>).</def>

<h1>Oligopetalous</h1>
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<hw>Ol`i*go*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oligo-</ets> + <ets>petal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having few petals.</def>

<h1>Oligosepalous</h1>
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<hw>Ol`i*go*sep"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oligo-</ets> + <ets>sepal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having few sepals.</def>

<h1>Oligosiderite</h1>
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<hw>Ol`i*go*sid"er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oligo-</ets> + <ets>siderite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A meteorite characterized by the presence of but a small amount of metallic iron.</def>

<h1>Oligospermous</h1>
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<hw>Ol`i*go*sper"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oligo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having few seeds.</def>

<h1>Oligotokous</h1>
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<hw>Ol`i*got"o*kous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oligo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ offspring.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Producing few young.</def>

<hr>
<page="1001">
Page 1001<p>

<h1>Olio</h1>
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<hw>O"li*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>olla</ets> a round earthen pot, a dish of boiled or stewed meat, fr. L. <ets>olla</ets> a pot, dish. Cf. <er>Olla</er>, <er>Olla-podrida</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A dish of stewed meat of different kinds.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Besides a good <b>olio</b>, the dishes were trifling.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mixture; a medley.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A collection of miscellaneous pieces.</def>

<h1>Olitory</h1>
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<hw>Ol"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>olitorius</ets> belonging to a kitchen gardener, or to vegetables, fr. <ets>olitor</ets> a kitchen gardener, fr. <ets>olus</ets>, <ets>oleris</ets>, vegetables.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to, or produced in, a kitchen garden; used for kitchen purposes; <as>as, <ex>olitory</ex> seeds</as>.</def>

<blockquote>At convenient distance towards the <b>olitory</b> garden.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oliva</h1>
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<hw>O*li"va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. an olive.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of polished marine gastropod shells, chiefly tropical, and often beautifully colored.</def>

<h1>Olivaceous</h1>
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<hw>Ol`i*va"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oliva</ets> olive.]</ety> <def>Resembling the olive; of the color of the olive; olive-green.</def>

<h1>Olivary</h1>
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<hw>Ol"i*va*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>olivarius</ets> belonging to olives, fr. <ets>oliva</ets> an olive: cf. F. <ets>olivaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Like an olive.</def>

<cs><col>Olivary body</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>an oval prominence on each side of the medulla oblongata; -- called also <altname>olive</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Olivaster</h1>
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<hw>Ol`i*vas"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oliva</ets> olive: cf.F. <ets>oliv\'83tre</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the color of the olive; tawny.</def>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Olive</h1>
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<hw>Ol"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>oliva</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/. See <er>Oil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tree (<spn>Olea Europ\'91a</spn>) with small oblong or elliptical leaves, axillary clusters of flowers, and oval, one-seeded drupes. The tree has been cultivated for its fruit for thousands of years, and its branches are the emblems of peace. The wood is yellowish brown and beautifully variegated.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The fruit of the olive. It has been much improved by cultivation, and is used for making pickles. Olive oil is pressed from its flesh.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any shell of the genus Oliva and allied genera; -- so called from the form. See <er>Oliva</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The oyster catcher.</def> <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The color of the olive, a peculiar dark brownish, yellowish, or tawny green.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the tertiary colors, composed of violet and green mixed in equal strength and proportion.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An olivary body. See under <er>Olivary</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A small slice of meat seasoned, rolled up, and cooked; <as>as, <ex>olives</ex> of beef or veal</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Olive</i> is sometimes used adjectively and in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, <i>olive</i> brown, <i>olive</i> green, <i>olive</i>-colored, <i>olive</i>-skinned, <i>olive</i> crown, <i>olive</i> garden, <i>olive</i> tree, <i>olive</i> yard, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Bohemian olive</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of <spn>El\'91agnus</spn> (<spn>E. angustifolia</spn>), the flowers of which are sometimes used in Southern Europe as a remedy for fevers.</cd> -- <col>Olive branch</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A branch of the olive tree, considered an emblem of peace</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Fig.: A child.</cd> -- <col>Olive brown</col>, <cd>brown with a tinge of green.</cd> -- <col>Olive green</col>, <cd>a dark brownish green, like the color of the olive.</cd> -- <col>Olive oil</col>, <cd>an oil expressed from the ripe fruit of the olive, and much used as a salad oil, also in medicine and the arts.</cd> -- <col>Olive ore</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>olivenite.</cd> -- <col>Wild olive</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to the oleaster or wild stock of the olive; also variously to several trees more or less resembling the olive.</cd></cs>

<h1>Olive</h1>
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<hw>Ol"ive</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Approaching the color of the olive; of a peculiar dark brownish, yellowish, or tawny green.</def>

<h1>Olived</h1>
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<hw>Ol"ived</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Decorated or furnished with olive trees.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Olivenite</h1>
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<hw>O*liv"en*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An olive-green mineral, a hydrous arseniate of copper; olive ore.</def>

<h1>Oliver</h1>
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<hw>Ol"i*ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <ety>[OF. <ets>oliviere</ets>.]</ety> <def>An olive grove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>olivier</ets>.]</ety> <def>An olive tree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Oliver</h1>
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<hw>Ol"i*ver</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small tilt hammer, worked by the foot.</def>

<h1>Oliverian</h1>
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<hw>Ol`i*ve"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>An adherent of <i>Oliver</i> Cromwell.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Olivewood</h1>
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<hw>Ol`ive*wood"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The wood of the olive.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An Australian name given to the hard white wood of certain trees of the genus <spn>El\'91odendron</spn>, and also to the trees themselves.</def>

<h1>Olivil</h1>
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<hw>Ol`i*vil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>olivile</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline substance, obtained from an exudation from the olive, and having a bitter-sweet taste and acid proporties.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>olivile</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Gregory.</i>

<h1>Olivin</h1>
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<hw>Ol"i*vin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A complex bitter gum, found on the leaves of the olive tree; -- called also <altname>olivite</altname>.</def>

<h1>Olivine</h1>
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<hw>Ol"i*vine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>olivine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A common name of the yellowish green mineral chrysolite, esp. the variety found in eruptive rocks.</def>

<h1>Olivite</h1>
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<hw>Ol"i*vite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Olivin</er>.</def>

<h1>Olla</h1>
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<hw>Ol"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Olio</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pot or jar having a wide mouth; a cinerary urn, especially one of baked clay.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dish of stewed meat; an olio; an olla-podrida.</def>

<h1>Olla-podrida</h1>
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<hw>Ol`la-po*dri"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., lit., a rotten pot. See <er>Olio</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A favorite Spanish dish, consisting of a mixture of several kinds of meat chopped fine, and stewed with vegetables.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any incongruous mixture or miscellaneous collection; an olio.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Ology</h1>
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<hw>Ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>-logy</er>.]</ety> <def>A colloquial or humorous name for any science or branch of knowledge.</def>

<blockquote>He had a smattering of mechanics, of physiology, geology, mineralogy, and all other <b>ologies</b> whatsoever.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Olpe</h1>
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<hw>Ol"pe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Originally, a leather flask or vessel for oils or liquids; afterward, an earthenware vase or pitcher without a spout.</def>

<h1>Olusatrum</h1>
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<hw>O*lu"sa*trum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>holusatrum</ets>, <ets>olusatrum</ets>; <ets>olus</ets> garden herb + <ets>ater</ets> black.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An umbelliferous plant, the common Alexanders of Western Europe (<spn>Smyrnium Olusatrum</spn>).</def>

<h1>Olympiad</h1>
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<hw>O*lym"pi*ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>olympias</ets>, <ets>-adis</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ Olympus, a mountain in Macedonia: cf. F. <ets>olympiade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Greek Antig.)</fld> <def>A period of four years, by which the ancient Greeks reckoned time, being the interval from one celebration of the Olympic games to another, beginning with the victory of Cor&oe;bus in the foot race, which took place in the year 776 b.c.; <as>as, the era of the <ex>olympiads</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Olympian, Olympic</h1>
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<hw><hw>O*lym"pi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O*lym"pic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Olympius</ets>, <ets>Olympicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>olympique</ets>. See <er>Olympiad</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Olympus, a mountain of Thessaly, fabled as the seat of the gods, or to Olympia, a small plain in Elis.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Olympic games</col>, &or; <col>Olympics</col></mcol> <fld>(Greek Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>the greatest of the national festivals of the ancient Greeks, consisting of athletic games and races, dedicated to Olympian Zeus, celebrated once in four years at Olympia, and continuing five days.</cd></cs>

<h1>Olympionic</h1>
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<hw>O*lym`pi*on"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a conqueror in the Olympic games.]</ety> <def>An ode in honor of a victor in the Olympic games.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>-oma</h1>
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<hw>-o"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <def>A suffix used in medical terms to denote a <i>morbid condition</i> of some part, usually some kind of tumor; as in fibr<i>oma</i>, glauc<i>oma</i>.</def>

<h1>Omagra</h1>
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<hw>Om"a*gra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ shoulder + <?/ seizure.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Gout in the shoulder.</def>

<h1>Omahas</h1>
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<hw>O"ma*has"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Omaha</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians who inhabited the south side of the Missouri River. They are now partly civilized and occupy a reservation in Nebraska.</def>

<h1>Omander wood</h1>
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<hw>O*man"der wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The wood of <spn>Diospyros ebenaster</spn>, a kind of ebony found in Ceylon.</def>

<h1>Omasum</h1>
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<hw>O*ma"sum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The third division of the stomach of ruminants. See <er>Manyplies</er>, and <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Ruminant</er>.</def>

<h1>Omber, Ombre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Om"ber</hw>, <hw>Om"bre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>hombre</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>hombre</ets>, lit., a man, fr. L. <ets>homo</ets>. See <er>Human</er>.]</ety> <def>A game at cards, borrowed from the Spaniards, and usually played by three persons.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>When <b>ombre</b> calls, his hand and heart are free,
And, joined to two, he fails not to make three.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ombre</h1>
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<hw>Om"bre</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., of uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large Mediterranean food fish (<spn>Umbrina cirrhosa</spn>): -- called also <altname>umbra</altname>, and <altname>umbrine</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ombrometer</h1>
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<hw>Om*brom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ rain + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ombrom\'82tre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Meteorol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the rain that falls; a rain gauge.</def>

<h1>Omega</h1>
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<hw>O*me"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, i.e., the great or long o. Cf. <er>Mickle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The last letter of the Greek alphabet. See <er>Alpha</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The last; the end; hence, death.</def>

<blockquote>"<b>Omega</b>! thou art Lord," they said.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Alpha and Omega</col>, <cd>the beginning and the ending; hence, the chief, the whole.</cd></cs>

<i>Rev. i. 8.</i>

<blockquote>The alpha and <b>omega</b> of science.
<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Omegoid</h1>
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<hw>O*me"goid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omega</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of the Greek capital letter Omega (<OMEGA/).</def>

<h1>Omelet</h1>
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<hw>Om"e*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>omelette</ets>, OF. <ets>amelette</ets>, <ets>alumete</ets>, <ets>alumelle</ets>, perh. fr. L. <ets>lamella</ets>. Cf. <er>Lamella</er>.]</ety> <def>Eggs beaten up with a little flour, etc., and cooked in a frying pan; <as>as, a plain <ex>omelet</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Omen</h1>
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<hw>O"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>omen</ets>, the original form being <ets>osmen</ets>, according to Varro.]</ety> <def>An occurrence supposed to portend, or show the character of, some future event; any indication or action regarded as a foreshowing; a foreboding; a presage; an augury.</def>

<blockquote>Bid go with evil <b>omen</b>, and the brand
Of infamy upon my name.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Omen</h1>
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<hw>O"men</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Omened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Omening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To divine or to foreshow by signs or portents; to have omens or premonitions regarding; to predict; to augur; <as>as, to <ex>omen</ex> ill of an enterprise</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The yet unknown verdict, of which, however, all <b>omened</b> the tragical contents.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Omened</h1>
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<hw>O"mened</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Attended by, or containing, an omen or omens; <as>as, happy-<ex>omened</ex> day</as>.</def>

<h1>Omental</h1>
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<hw>O*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an omentum or the omenta.</def>

<h1>Omentum</h1>
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<hw>O*men"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Omenta</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A free fold of the peritoneum, or one serving to connect viscera, support blood vessels, etc.; an epiplo\'94n.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>great</i>, or <i>gastrocolic</i>, <i>omentum</i> forms, in most mammals, a great sac, which is attached to the stomach and transverse colon, is loaded with fat, and covers more or less of the intestines; the caul. The <i>lesser</i>, or <i>gastrohepatic</i>, <i>omentum</i> connects the stomach and liver and contains the hepatic vessels. The <i>gastrosplenic omentum</i>, or <i>ligament</i>, connects the stomach and spleen.</note>

<h1>Omer</h1>
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<hw>O"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Homer</er>.]</ety> <def>A Hebrew measure, the tenth of an ephah. See <er>Ephah</er>.</def>

<i>Ex. xvi. 36.</i>

<h1>Omiletical</h1>
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<hw>Om`i*let"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Homiletical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ominate</h1>
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<hw>Om"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ominatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>ominari</ets> to presage, fr. <ets>omen</ets>.]</ety> <def>To presage; to foreshow; to foretoken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Omination</h1>
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<hw>Om`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ominatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of ominating; presaging.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Ominous</h1>
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<hw>Om"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ominosus</ets>, fr. <ets>omen</ets>. See <er>Omen</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an omen or to omens; being or exhibiting an omen; significant; portentous; -- formerly used both in a favorable and unfavorable sense; now chiefly in the latter; foreboding or foreshowing evil; inauspicious; <as>as, an <ex>ominous</ex> dread</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He had a good <b>ominous</b> name to have made a peace.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In the heathen worship of God, a sacrifice without a heart was accounted <b>ominous</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Om"i*nous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Om"i*nous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Omissible</h1>
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<hw>O*mis"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being omitted; that may be omitted.</def>

<h1>Omission</h1>
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<hw>O*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>omissio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>omission</ets>. See <er>Omit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of omitting; neglect or failure to do something required by propriety or duty.</def>

<blockquote>The most natural division of all offenses is into those of <b>omission</b> and those of commission.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is omitted or is left undone.</def>

<h1>Omissive</h1>
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<hw>O*mis"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Omit</er>.]</ety> <def>Leaving out; omitting.</def> <i>Bp. Hall</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>O*mis"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Omit</h1>
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<hw>O*mit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Omitted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Omitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>omittere</ets>, <ets>omissum</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er> + <ets>mittere</ets> to cause to go, let go, send. See <er>Mission</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To let go; to leave unmentioned; not to insert or name; to drop.</def>

<blockquote>These personal comparisons I <b>omit</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pass by; to forbear or fail to perform or to make use of; to leave undone; to neglect.</def>

<blockquote>Her father <b>omitted</b> nothing in her education that might make her the most accomplished woman of her age.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Omittance</h1>
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<hw>O*mit"tance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of omitting, or the state of being omitted; forbearance; neglect.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Omitter</h1>
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<hw>O*mit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who omits.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Ommateal</h1>
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<hw>Om`ma*te"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an ommateum.</def>

<h1>Ommateum</h1>
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<hw>Om`ma*te"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ommatea</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, the eye.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A compound eye, as of insects and crustaceans.</def>

<h1>Ommatidium</h1>
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<hw>Om`ma*tid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ommatidia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of Gr. <?/, <?/, the eye.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the single eyes forming the compound eyes of crustaceans, insects, and other invertebrates.</def>

<h1>Omni-</h1>
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<hw>Om"ni-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>omnis</ets> all.]</ety> <def>A combining form denoting <i>all</i>, <i>every</i>, <i>everywhere</i>; as in <i>omni</i>potent, all-powerful; <i>omni</i>present.</def>

<h1>Omnibus</h1>
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<hw>Om"ni*bus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., for all, dat. pl. from <ets>omnis</ets> all. Cf. <er>Bus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A long four-wheeled carriage, having seats for many people; especially, one with seats running lengthwise, used in conveying passengers short distances.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Glass Making)</fld> <def>A sheet-iron cover for articles in a leer or annealing arch, to protect them from drafts.</def>

<cs><col>Omnibus bill</col>, a legislative bill which provides for a number of miscellaneous enactments or appropriations. <mark>[Parliamentary Cant, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Omnibus box</col></mcol>, <cd>a large box in a theater, on a level with the stage and having communication with it.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cs>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Omnicorporeal</h1>
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<hw>Om`ni*cor*po"re*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omni-</ets> + <ets>corporeal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Comprehending or including all bodies; embracing all substance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Omniety</h1>
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<hw>Om*ni"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is all-pervading or all-comprehensive; hence, the Deity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Omniety</b> formed nullity into an essence.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Omnifarious</h1>
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<hw>Om`ni*fa"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>omnifarius</ets>; <ets>omnis</ets> all + <ets>-farius</ets>. Cf. <er>Bifarious</er>.]</ety> <def>Of all varieties, forms, or kinds.</def> "<i>Omnifarious</i> learning."

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Omniferous</h1>
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<hw>Om*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>omnifer</ets>; <ets>omnis</ets> all + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>All-bearing; producing all kinds.</def>

<h1>Omnific</h1>
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<hw>Om*nif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omni-</ets> + L. <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make.]</ety> <def>All-creating.</def> "The <i>omnific</i> word."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Omniform</h1>
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<hw>Om"ni*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>omniformis</ets>; <ets>omnis</ets> all + <ets>forma</ets> form: cf. F. <ets>omniforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having every form or shape.</def>

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<h1>Omniformity</h1>
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<hw>Om`ni*for"mi*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or quality of having every form.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Omnify</h1>
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<hw>Om"ni*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omni-</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To render universal; to enlarge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Omnify</b> the disputed point into a transcendent, and you may defy the opponent to lay hold of it.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Omnigenous</h1>
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<hw>Om*nig"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>omniqenus</ets>; <ets>omnis</ets> all + <ets>genus</ets> kind.]</ety> <def>Consisting of all kinds.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Omnigraph</h1>
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<hw>Om"ni*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omni-</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pantograph.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Omniparient</h1>
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<hw>Om`ni*pa"ri*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>omniparens</ets> all-producing; <ets>omnis</ets> all + <ets>parere</ets> to bring forth.]</ety> <def>Producing or bringing forth all things; all-producing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Omniparity</h1>
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<hw>Om`ni*par"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omni-</ets> + <ets>-parity</ets>.]</ety> <def>Equality in every part; general equality.</def>

<h1>Omniparous</h1>
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<hw>Om*nip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Omniparient</er>.]</ety> <def>Producing all things; omniparient.</def>

<h1>Omnipatient</h1>
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<hw>Om`ni*pa"tient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omni-</ets> + <ets>patient</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of enduring all things.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Omnipercipience, Omnipercipiency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Om`ni*per*cip"i*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Om`ni*per*cip"i*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Perception of everything.</def>

<h1>Omnipercipient</h1>
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<hw>Om`ni*per*cip"i*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omni-</ets> + <ets>percipient</ets>.]</ety> <def>Perceiving everything.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Omnipotence, Omnipotency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Om*nip"o*tence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Om*nip"o*ten*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>omnipotentia</ets>: cf.F. <ets>omnipotence</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being omnipotent; almighty power; hence, one who is omnipotent; the Deity.</def>

<blockquote>Will <b>Omnipotence</b> neglect to save
The suffering virtue of the wise and brave?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unlimited power of a particular kind; <as>as, love's <ex>omnipotence</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Denham.</i>

<h1>Omnipotent</h1>
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<hw>Om*nip"o*tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr.L. <ets>omnipotens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>; <ets>omnis</ets> all + <ets>potens</ets> powerful, potent. See <er>Potent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Able in every respect and for every work; unlimited in ability; all-powerful; almighty; <as>as, the Being that can create worlds must be <ex>omnipotent</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>God's will and pleasure and his <b>omnipotent</b> power.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having unlimited power of a particular kind; <as>as, <ex>omnipotent</ex> love</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The Omnipotent, The Almighty; God.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Omnipotently</h1>
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<hw>Om*nip"o*tent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an omnipotent manner.</def>

<hr>
<page="1002">
Page 1002<p>

<h1>Omnipresence</h1>
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<hw>Om`ni*pres"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>omnipr\'82sence</ets>.]</ety> <def>Presence in every place at the same time; unbounded or universal presence; ubiquity.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>omnipresence</b> fills
Land, sea, and air, and every kind that lives.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Omnipresency</h1>
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<hw>Om`ni*pres"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Omnipresence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Omnipresent</h1>
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<hw>Om`ni*pres"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omni-</ets> + <ets>present</ets>: cf.F. <ets>omnipr\'82sent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Present in all places at the same time; ubiquitous; <as>as, the <ex>omnipresent</ex> Jehovah</as>.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Omnipresential</h1>
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<hw>Om`ni*pre*sen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Implying universal presence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Omniprevalent</h1>
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<hw>Om`ni*prev"a*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omni-</ets> + <ets>prevalent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Prevalent everywhere or in all things.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Omniscience</h1>
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<hw>Om*nis"cience</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>omniscience</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being omniscient; -- an attribute peculiar to God.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Omnisciency</h1>
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<hw>Om*nis"cien*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Omniscience.</def>

<h1>Omniscient</h1>
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<hw>Om*nis"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omni-</ets> + L. <ets>sciens</ets>, -<ets>entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>scire</ets> to know: cf. F. <ets>omniscient</ets>. See <er>Science</er>.]</ety> <def>Having universal knowledge; knowing all things; infinitely knowing or wise; <as>as, the <ex>omniscient</ex> God</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Om*nis"cient*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>For what can scape the eye
Of God all-seeing, or deceive his heart
<b>Omniscient</b>?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Omniscious</h1>
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<hw>Om*nis"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>omniscius</ets>. See <er>Omniscient</er>.]</ety> <def>All-knowing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hakewill.</i>

<h1>Omnispective</h1>
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<hw>Om`ni*spec"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omni-</ets> + L. <ets>spectus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>specere</ets>, <ets>spicere</ets>, to view.]</ety> <def>Beholding everything; capable of seeing all things; all-seeing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Omnispective</i> Power!"

<i>Boyse.</i>

<h1>Omnium</h1>
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<hw>Om"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., of all, gen. pl. of <ets>omnis</ets> all.]</ety> <fld>(Eng.Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>The aggregate value of the different stocks in which a loan to government is now usually funded.</def>

<i>M'Culloch.</i>

<h1>Omnium-gatherum</h1>
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<hw>Om`ni*um-gath"er*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A macaronic compound of L. <ets>omnium</ets>, gen.pl. of <ets>omnis</ets> all, and E. <ets>gather</ets>.]</ety> <def>A miscellaneous collection of things or persons; a confused mixture; a medley.</def> <mark>[Colloq. & Humorous]</mark>

<i>Selden.</i>

<h1>Omnivagant</h1>
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<hw>Om*niv"a*gant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omni</ets> + L. <ets>vagans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>vagari</ets> to wander.]</ety> <def>Wandering anywhere and everywhere.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Omnivora</h1>
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<hw>Om*niv"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Omnivorous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of ungulate mammals including the hog and the hippopotamus. The term is also sometimes applied to the bears, and to certain passerine birds.</def>

<h1>Omnivorous</h1>
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<hw>Om*niv"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>omnivorus</ets>; <ets>omnis</ets> all + <ets>vorate</ets> to eat greedily. See <er>Voracious</er>.]</ety> <def>All-devouring; eating everything indiscriminately; <as>as, <ex>omnivorous</ex> vanity</as>; esp. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, eating both animal and vegetable food.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Om*niv"o*rous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Omo-</h1>
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<hw>O"mo-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ the shoulder.]</ety> <def>A combining form used in anatomy to indicate <i>connection with</i>, or <i>relation to</i>, <i>the shoulder</i> or <i>the scapula</i>.</def>

<h1>Omohyoid</h1>
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<hw>O`mo*hy"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omo-</ets> + <ets>hyoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the shoulder and the hyoid bone; <as>as, the <ex>omohyoid</ex> muscle</as>.</def>

<h1>Omophagic</h1>
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<hw>O"mo*phag"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ raw + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <def>Eating raw flesh; using uncooked meat as food; <as>as, <ex>omophagic</ex> feasts, rites</as>.</def>

<h1>Omoplate</h1>
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<hw>Om"o*plate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from Gr. <?/. See <er>Omo-</er>, and <er>Plate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The shoulder blade, or scapula.</def>

<h1>Omostegite</h1>
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<hw>O*mos"te*gite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a roof.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The part of the carapace of a crustacean situated behind the cervical groove.</def>

<h1>Omosternal</h1>
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<hw>O`mo*ster"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the omosternum.</def>

<h1>Omosternum</h1>
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<hw>O`mo*ster"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omo-</ets> + <ets>sternum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The anterior element of the sternum which projects forward from between the clavicles in many batrachians and is usually tipped with cartilage.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In many mammals, an interarticular cartilage, or bone, between the sternum and the clavicle.</def>

<h1>Omphacine</h1>
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<hw>Om"pha*cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, from <?/ an unripe grape or olive: cf.F. <ets>omphacin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or expressed from, unripe fruit; <as>as, <ex>omphacine</ex> oil</as>.</def>

<h1>Omphalic</h1>
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<hw>Om*phal"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ having a boss, bossy, fr. <?/ the navel. See <er>Navel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the umbilicus, or navel.</def>

<h1>Omphalo-</h1>
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<hw>Om"pha*lo-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ the navel.]</ety> <def>A combining form indicating <i>connection with</i>, or <i>relation to</i>, <i>the umbilicus</i>, or <i>navel</i>.</def>

<h1>Omphalocele</h1>
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<hw>Om"pha*lo*cele`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the navel + <?/ a tumor: cf.F. <ets>omphaloc\'82le</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A hernia at the navel.</def>

<h1>Omphalode</h1>
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<hw>Om"pha*lode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omphalo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The central part of the hilum of a seed, through which the nutrient vessels pass into the rhaphe or the chalaza; -- called also <altname>omphalodium</altname>.</def>

<h1>Omphalomancy</h1>
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<hw>Om"pha*lo*man"cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omphalo-</ets> + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of a child's navel, to learn how many children the mother may have.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Omphalomesaraic</h1>
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<hw>Om`pha*lo*mes`a*ra"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omphalo-</ets> + <ets>mesaraic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Omphalomesenteric.</def>

<h1>Omphalomesenteric</h1>
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<hw>Om`pha*lo*mes`en*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omphalo-</ets> + <ets>mesenteric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the umbilicus and mesentery; omphalomesaraic; <as>as, the <ex>omphalomesenteric</ex> arteries and veins of a fetus</as>.</def>

<h1>Omphalopsychite</h1>
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<hw>Om`pha*lop"sy*chite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Omphalo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ breath, spirit, soul: cf. F. <ets>omphalopsyque</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.Hist.)</fld> <def>A name of the Hesychasts, from their habit of gazing upon the navel.</def>

<h1>Omphalopter, Omphaloptic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Om`pha*lop"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Om`pha*lop"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the navel + <?/ one who looks, <?/ belonging to sight: cf.F. <ets>omphaloptre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An optical glass that is convex on both sides.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<h1>Omphalos</h1>
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<hw>Om"pha*los</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The navel.</def>

<h1>Omphalotomy</h1>
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<hw>Om`pha*lot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ the navel + <?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>omphalotomie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of dividing the navel-string.</def>

<h1>Omy</h1>
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<hw>O"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mellow, as land.</def> <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>On</h1>
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<hw>On</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>on</ets>, <ets>an</ets>, <ets>o</ets>, <ets>a</ets>, AS. <ets>on</ets>, <ets>an</ets>; akin to D. <ets>aan</ets>, OS. & G. <ets>an</ets>, OHG. <ets>ana</ets>, Icel. <ets>\'be</ets>, Sw. <?/, Goth. <ets>ana</ets>, Russ. <ets>na</ets>, L. <ets>an-</ets>, in <ets>anhelare</ets> to pant, Gr. <?/, Zend <ets>ana</ets>.  &root;195.  Cf. <er>A-</er>, 1, <er>Ana-</er>, <er>Anon</er>.]</ety> <def>The general signification of <i>on</i> is situation, motion, or condition with respect to contact or support beneath</def>; as: --

<p><b>1.</b> <def>At, or in contact with, the surface or upper part of a thing, and supported by it; placed or lying in contact with the surface; <as>as, the book lies <ex>on</ex> the table, which stands <ex>on</ex> the floor of a house <ex>on</ex> an island</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I stood <b>on</b> the bridge at midnight.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To or against the surface of; -- used to indicate the motion of a thing as coming or falling to the surface of another; <as>as, rain falls <ex>on</ex> the earth</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whosoever shall fall <b>on</b> this stone shall be broken.
<i>Matt. xxi. 44.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Denoting performance or action by contact with the surface, upper part, or outside of anything; hence, by means of; with; <as>as, to play <ex>on</ex> a violin or piano</as>. Hence, figuratively, to work <i>on</i> one's feelings; to make an impression <i>on</i> the mind.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>At or near; adjacent to; -- indicating situation, place, or position; <as>as, <ex>on</ex> the one hand, <ex>on</ex> the other hand; the fleet is <ex>on</ex> the American coast.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>In addition to; besides; -- indicating multiplication or succession in a series; <as>as, heaps <ex>on</ex> heaps; mischief <ex>on</ex> mischief; loss <ex>on</ex> loss; thought <ex>on</ex> thought.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Indicating dependence or reliance; with confidence in; <as>as, to depend <ex>on</ex> a person for assistance; to rely <i>on</i>; hence, indicating the ground or support of anything; <as>as, he will promise <ex>on</ex> certain conditions</as>; to bet <ex>on</ex> a horse.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>At or in the time of; during; <as>as, <ex>on</ex> Sunday we abstain from labor</as>. See <er>At</er> (synonym).</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>At the time of, conveying some notion of cause or motive; <as>as, <ex>on</ex> public occasions, the officers appear in full dress or uniform</as>. Hence, in consequence of, or following; <as>as, <ex>on</ex> the ratification of the treaty, the armies were disbanded</as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Toward; for; -- indicating the object of some passion; <as>as, have pity or compassion <ex>on</ex> him</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>At the peril of, or for the safety of.</def> "Hence, <i>on</i> thy life."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>By virtue of; with the pledge of; -- denoting a pledge or engagement, and put before the thing pledged; <as>as, he affirmed or promised <ex>on</ex> his word, or <ex>on</ex> his honor</as>.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>To the account of; -- denoting imprecation or invocation, or coming to, falling, or resting upon; <as>as, <ex>on</ex> us be all the blame; a curse <ex>on</ex> him.</as></def>

<blockquote>His blood be <b>on</b> us and <b>on</b> our children.
<i>Matt. xxvii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>In reference or relation to; <as>as, <ex>on</ex> our part expect punctuality; a satire <ex>on</ex> society.</as></def>

<p><b>14.</b> <def>Of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Be not jealous <i>on</i> me."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Or have we eaten <b>on</b> the insane root
That takes the reason prisoner?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Instances of this usage are common in our older writers, and are sometimes now heard in illiterate speech.</note>

<p><b>15.</b> <def>Occupied with; in the performance of; <as>as, only three officers are <ex>on</ex> duty; <ex>on</ex> a journey.</as></def>

<p><b>16.</b> <def>In the service of; connected with; of the number of; <as>as, he is <ex>on</ex> a newspaper; <ex>on</ex> a committee.</as></def>

<note>&hand; <i>On</i> and <i>upon</i> are in general interchangeable. In some applications <i>upon</i> is more euphonious, and is therefore to be preferred; but in most cases <i>on</i> is preferable.</note>

<cs><col>On a bowline</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Closehauled</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>On a wind</col>, &or; <col>On the wind</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>sailing closehauled.</cd> -- <col>On a sudden</col>. <cd>See under <er>Sudden</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>On board</col>, <col>On draught</col>, <col>On fire</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Board</er>, <er>Draught</er>, <er>Fire</er>, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>On it</col>, <col>On't</col></mcol>, <cd>of it. <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark> <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>On shore</col>, <cd>on land; to the shore.</cd> -- <mcol><col>On the road</col>, <col>On the way</col>, <col>On the wing</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Road</er>, <er>Way</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>On to</col>, <cd>upon; on; to; -- sometimes written as one word, <i>onto<i>, and usually called a colloquialism; but it may be regarded in analogy with <i>into<i>.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>They have added the -en plural form <b>on to</b> an elder plural.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We see the strength of the new movement in the new class of ecclesiastics whom it forced <b>on to</b> the stage.
<i>J. R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<h1>On</h1>
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<hw>On</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>On</er>, <ets>prep</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Forward, in progression; onward; -- usually with a verb of motion; <as>as, move <ex>on</ex>; go <ex>on</ex>.</as></def> "Time glides <i>on</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>The path is smooth that leadeth <b>on</b> to danger.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Forward, in succession; <as>as, from father to son, from the son to the grandson, and so <ex>on</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In continuance; without interruption or ceasing; <as>as, sleep <ex>on</ex>, take your ease; say <ex>on</ex>; sing <ex>on</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Adhering; not off; as in the phrase, "He is neither <i>on</i> nor off," that is, he is not steady, he is irresolute.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Attached to the body, as clothing or ornament, or for use.</def> "I have boots <i>on</i>."

<i>B. Gonson.</i>

<blockquote>He put <b>on</b> righteousness as a breastplate.
<i>Is. lix. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>In progress; proceeding; <as>as, a game is <ex>on</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>On</i> is sometimes used as an exclamation, or a command to move or proceed, some verb being understood; as, <i>on</i>, comrades; that is, <i>go on</i>, <i>move on</i>.</note>

<cs><col>On and on</col>, <cd>continuously; for a long time together. "Toiling <i>on and on and on<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Onager</h1>
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<hw>On"a*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Onagri</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Onagers</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>onager</ets>, <ets>onagrus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom.Antiq.)</fld> <def>A military engine acting like a sling, which threw stones from a bag or wooden bucket, and was operated by machinery.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wild ass, especially the koulan.</def>

<h1>Onagga</h1>
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<hw>O*nag"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dauw.</def>

<h1>Onagraceous, Onagrarieous</h1>
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<hw><hw>On`a*gra"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>On`a*gra*ri"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From NL. <ets>Onagra</ets> an old scientific name of the evening primrose (<ets>Enothera</ets>), fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of plant; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants (<spn>Onagrace\'91</spn> or <spn>Onagrarie\'91</spn>), which includes the fuchsia, the willow-herb (<spn>Epilobium</spn>), and the evening primrose (<spn><OE/nothera</spn>).</def>

<h1>Onanism</h1>
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<hw>O"nan*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Onan</ets> (<i>Gen. xxxviii. 9</i>): cf. F. <ets>onanisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Self-pollution; masturbation.</def>

<h1>Onappo</h1>
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<hw>O*nap"po</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A nocturnal South American monkey (<spn>Callithrix discolor</spn>), noted for its agility; -- called also <altname>ventriloquist monkey</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ince</h1>
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<hw>Ince</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ounce.</def>

<h1>Once</h1>
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<hw>Once</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ones</ets>, <ets>anes</ets>, an adverbial form fr. <ets>one</ets>, <ets>on</ets>, <ets>an</ets>, one. See <er>One-</er>, <er>-Wards</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>By limitation to the number one; for one time; not twice nor any number of times more than one.</def>

<blockquote>Ye shall . . . go round about the city <b>once</b>.
<i>Josh. vi. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Trees that bear mast are fruitful but <b>once</b> in two years.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>At some one period of time; -- used indefinitely.</def>

<blockquote>My soul had <b>once</b> some foolish fondness for thee.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That court which we shall <b>once</b> govern.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>At any one time; -- often nearly equivalent to <i>ever</i>, <i>if ever</i>, or <i>whenever</i>; <as>as, <ex>once</ex> kindled, it may not be quenched</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Wilt thou not be made clean? When shall it <b>once</b> be?
<i>Jer. xiii. 27.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To be <b>once</b> in doubt
Is <b>once</b> to be resolved.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Once</i> is used as a noun when preceded by <i>this</i> or <i>that</i>; as, <i>this once</i>, <i>that once</i>. It is also sometimes used elliptically, like an adjective, for <i>once-existing</i>. "The <i>once</i> province of Britain." <i>J. N. Pomeroy</i>..</note>

<cs><col>At once</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>At the same point of time; immediately; without delay</cd>. "Stand not upon the order of your going, but go <i>at once<i>." <i>Shak</i>. "I . . . withdrew <i>at once<i> and altogether." <i>Jeffrey</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>At one and the same time; simultaneously; in one body; <as>as, they all moved <ex>at once<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>Once and again</col>, <cd>once and once more; repeatedly. "A dove sent forth <i>once and again<i>, to spy." <i>Milton</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oncidium</h1>
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<hw>On*cid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of tropical orchidaceous plants, the flower of one species of which (<spn>O. Papilio</spn>) resembles a butterfly.</def>

<h1>Oncograph</h1>
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<hw>On"co*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bulk + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for registering the changes observable with an oncometer.</def>

<h1>Oncometer</h1>
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<hw>On*com"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bulk + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the variations in size of the internal organs of the body, as the kidney, spleen, etc.</def>

<h1>Oncotomay</h1>
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<hw>On*cot"o*may</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bulk, mass + <?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>oncotomie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The opening of an abscess, or the removal of a tumor, with a cutting instrument.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>onkotomy</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Onde</h1>
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<hw>Onde</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>anda</ets> malice, anger; akin to Icel. <ets>andi</ets>, <ets>\'94nd</ets>, breath.]</ety> <def>Hatred; fury; envy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>On dit</h1>
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<hw>On` dit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>They say, or it is said.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A flying report; rumor; <as>as, it is a mere <ex>on dit</ex></as>.</def></def2>

<h1>-one</h1>
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<hw>-one</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From Gr. <grk>-w`nh</grk>, signifying, female descendant.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A suffix indicating that the substance, in the name of which it appears, is a <i>ketone</i>; <as>as, acet<ex>one</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>-one</h1>
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<hw>-one</hw>.<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A termination indicating that the hydrocarbon to the name of which it is affixed belongs to the <i>fourth series of hydrocarbons</i>, or the <i>third series of unsaturated hydrocarbonsl</i> as, non<i>one</i>.</def>

<h1>One</h1>
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<hw>One</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>one</ets>, <ets>on</ets>, <ets>an</ets>, AS. <ets>\'84n</ets>; akin to D. <ets>een</ets>, OS. <ets>\'89n</ets>, OFries. <ets>\'89n</ets>, <ets>\'84n</ets>, G. <ets>ein</ets>, Dan. <ets>een</ets>, Sw. <ets>en</ets>, Icel. <ets>einn</ets>, Goth. <ets>ains</ets>, W. <ets>un</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>aon</ets>, L. <ets>unus</ets>, earlier <ets>oinos</ets>, <ets>oenos</ets>, Gr. <?/ the ace on dice; cf. Skr. <ets>\'89ka</ets>. The same word as the indefinite article <ets>a</ets>, <ets>an</ets>. &root; 299. Cf. 2d A, 1st <er>An</er>, <er>Alone</er>, <er>Anon</er>, <er>Any</er>, <er>None</er>, <er>Nonce</er>, <er>Only</er>, <er>Onion</er>, <er>Unit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being a single unit, or entire being or thing, and no more; not multifold; single; individual.</def>

<blockquote>The dream of Pharaoh is <b>one</b>.
<i>Gen. xli. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O that we now had here
But <b>one</b> ten thousand of those men in England.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Denoting a person or thing conceived or spoken of indefinitely; a certain. "I am the sister of <i>one</i> Claudio" [<i>Shak</i>.], that is, of a certain man named Claudio.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pointing out a contrast, or denoting a particular thing or person different from some other specified; -- used as a correlative adjective, with or without <i>the</i>.</def>

<blockquote>From the <b>one</b> side of heaven unto the other.
<i>Deut. iv. 32.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Closely bound together; undivided; united; constituting a whole.</def>

<blockquote>The church is therefore <b>one</b>, though the members may be many.
<i>Bp. Pearson</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Single in kind; the same; a common.</def>

<blockquote><b>One</b> plague was on you all, and on your lords.
<i>1 Sam. vi. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Single; inmarried.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Men may counsel a woman to be <b>one</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>One</i> is often used in forming compound words, the meaning of which is obvious; as, <i>one</i>-armed, <i>one</i>-celled, <i>one</i>-eyed, <i>one</i>-handed, <i>one</i>-hearted, <i>one</i>-horned, <i>one</i>-idead, <i>one</i>-leaved, <i>one</i>-masted, <i>one</i>-ribbed, <i>one</i>-story, <i>one</i>-syllable, <i>one</i>-stringed, <i>one</i>-winged, etc.</note>

<cs><col>All one</col>, <cd>of the same or equal nature, or consequence; <as>as, he says that it is <ex>all one<ex> what course you take.</as> <i>Shak</i>.</cd><-- = all the same --> -- <col>One day</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>On a certain day, not definitely specified, referring to time past.</cd>

<blockquote><b>One day</b> when Phoebe fair,
With all her band, was following the chase.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Referring to future time: At some uncertain day or period; some day.</cd>

<blockquote>Well, I will marry <b>one day</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
</cs>

<h1>One</h1>
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<hw>One</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A single unit; <as>as, <ex>one</ex> is the base of all numbers</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A symbol representing a unit, as 1, or i.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A single person or thing.</def> "The shining <i>ones</i>." <i>Bunyan</i>. "Hence, with your little <i>ones</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He will hate the <b>one</b>, and love the other.
<i>Matt. vi. 24.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That we may sit, <b>one</b> on thy right hand, and the other on thy left hand, in thy glory.
<i>Mark x. 37.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>After one</col>, <cd>after one fashion; alike. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>At one</col>, <cd>in agreement or concord. See <er>At one</er>, in the Vocab.</cd> -- <col>Ever in one</col>, <cd>continually; perpetually; always. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>In one</col>, <cd>in union; in a single whole.</cd> -- <mcol><col>One and one</col>, <col>One by one</col></mcol>, <cd>singly; one at a time; one after another."Raising <i>one by one<i> the suppliant crew."</cd> <i>Dryden.</i></cs>
<-- one on one, (in a contest) contesting an opponent individually; go one on one, (in a game, esp. basketball) to contest one opponent by oneself. -->

<hr>
<page="1003">
Page 1003<p>

<h1>One</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>One</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>indef. pron.</tt> <def>Any person, indefinitely; a person or body; <as>as, what <ex>one</ex> would have well done, <ex>one</ex> should do <ex>one's</ex> self</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It was well worth <b>one's</b> while.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Against this sort of condemnation <b>one</b> must steel <b>one's</b> self as <b>one</b> best can.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<note><i>One</i> is often used with <i>some</i>, <i>any</i>, <i>no</i>, <i>each</i>, <i>every</i>, <i>such</i>, <i>a</i>, <i>many a</i>, <i>another</i>, <i>the other</i>, etc. It is sometimes joined with <i>another</i>, to denote a reciprocal relation.

<blockquote>When any <b>one</b> heareth the word.
<i>Matt. xiii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She knew every <b>one</b> who was any <b>one</b> in the land of Bohemia.
<i>Compton Reade.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Peloponnesians and the Athenians fought against <b>one another</b>.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The gentry received <b>one another</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>
</note>

<h1>One</h1>
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<hw>One</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to become one; to gather into a single whole; to unite; to assimilite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The rich folk that embraced and <b>oned</b> all their heart to treasure of the world.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oneberry</h1>
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<hw>One"ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The herb Paris. See <cref>Herb Paris</cref>, under <er>Herb</er>.</def>

<h1>One-hand</h1>
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<hw>One"-hand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Employing one hand; <as>as, the <ex>one-hand</ex> alphabet</as>. See <er>Dactylology</er>.</def>

<h1>One-horse</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>One"-horse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Drawn by one horse; having but a single horse; <as>as, a <ex>one-horse</ex> carriage</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Second-rate; inferior; small.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Oneidas</h1>
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<hw>O*nei"das</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Oneida</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the region near Oneida Lake in the State of New York, and forming part of the Five Nations. Remnants of the tribe now live in New York, Canada, and Wisconsin.</def>

<h1>Oneirocritic</h1>
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<hw>O*nei`ro*crit`ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>oneirocritique</ets>. See <er>Oneirocritic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>An interpreter of dreams.</def>

<i>Bp. Warburton. Addison.</i>

<h1>Oneirocritic, Oneirocritical</h1>
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<hw><hw>O*nei`ro*crit`ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O*nei`ro*crit`ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ a dream + <?/ critical, fr. <?/ to discern.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the interpretation of dreams.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Oneirocriticism, Oneirocritics</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw><hw>O*nei`ro*crit`i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O*nei`ro*crit`ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of interpreting dreams.</def>

<h1>Oneiromancy</h1>
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<hw>O*nei"ro*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a dream + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of dreams.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Oneiroscopist</h1>
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<hw>O`nei*ros"co*pist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who interprets dreams.</def>

<h1>Oneiroscopy</h1>
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<hw>O`nei*ros"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a dream + <ets>-scopy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The interpretation of dreams.</def>

<h1>Oneliness</h1>
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<hw>One"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being one or single.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Onely</h1>
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<hw>One"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Only</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Onement</h1>
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<hw>One"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being at one or reconciled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Oneness</h1>
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<hw>One"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being one; singleness in number; individuality; unity.</def>

<blockquote>Our God is one, or rather very <b>oneness</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Onerary</h1>
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<hw>On"er*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>onerarius</ets>, fr. <ets>onus</ets>, <ets>oneris</ets>, load, burden: cf.F. <ets>on\'82raire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fitted for, or carrying, a burden.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Onerate</h1>
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<hw>On"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Onerated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Onerating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>oneratus</ets>, p.p. pf <ets>onerare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To load; to burden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Becon.</i>

<h1>Oneration</h1>
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<hw>On`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of loading.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Onerous</h1>
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<hw>On"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>onerosus</ets>, fr. <ets>onus</ets>, <ets>oneris</ets>, a load, burden: cf.F. <ets>on\'82reux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Burdensome; oppressive.</def> "Too <i>onerous</i> a solicitude."

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<cs><col>Onerous cause</col> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>, <cd>a good and legal consideration; -- opposed to <i>gratuitous<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Onerously</h1>
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<hw>On"er*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an onerous manner.</def>

<h1>Ones</h1>
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<hw>Ones</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Once.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Oneself</h1>
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<hw>One`self"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt> <def>A reflexive form of the indefinite pronoun <i>one</i>. Commonly writen as two words, <i>one's self</i>.</def>

<blockquote>One's self (or more properly <b>oneself</b>), is quite a modern form. In Elizabethan English we find <b>a man's self=one's self</b>.
<i>Morris.</i></blockquote>

<h1>One-sided</h1>
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<hw>One`-sid"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having one side only, or one side prominent; hence, limited to one side; partial; unjust; unfair; <as>as, a <ex>one-sided</ex> view or statement</as>.</def> "Unguarded and <i>one-sided</i> language."

<i>T. Arnold.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing on one side of a stem; <as>as, <ex>one-sided</ex> flowers</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>One`-sid"ed-ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>One`-sid"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Onethe</h1>
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<hw>On*ethe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Scarcely. See <er>Unnethe</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ongoing</h1>
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<hw>On"go`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of going forward; progress; (<pluf>pl.</pluf>) affairs; business; current events.</def>

<blockquote>The common <b>ongoings</b> of this our commonplace world, and everyday life.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Onguent</h1>
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<hw>On"guent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>An unguent.</def>

<h1>On-hanger</h1>
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<hw>On"-hang`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hanger-on.</def>

<h1>Onion</h1>
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<hw>On"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ognon</ets>, fr. L. <ets>unio</ets> oneness, unity, a single large pearl, an onion. See <er>One</er>, <er>Union</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A liliaceous plant of the genus <spn>Allium</spn> (<spn>A.cepa</spn>), having a strong-flavored bulb and long hollow leaves; also, its bulbous root, much used as an article of food. The name is often extended to other species of the genus.</def>

<cs><col>Onion fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the grenadier.</cd> -- <col>Onion fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>a dipterous insect whose larva feeds upon the onion; especially, <spn>Anthomyia ceparum</spn> and <spn>Ortalis flexa</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Welsh onion</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Cibol</er>.</cd> -- <col>Wild onion</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to several species of the genus <spn>Allium</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Onirocritic</h1>
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<hw>O*ni`ro*crit`ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Oneirocritic</er>.</def>

<h1>Onliness</h1>
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<hw>On"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being alone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Onloft</h1>
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<hw>On*loft"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Aloft; above ground.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She kept her father's life <b>onloft</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>On-looker</h1>
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<hw>On"-look`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A looker-on.</def>

<h1>On-looking</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On"-look`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Looking on or forward.</def>

<h1>Only</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>only</ets>, <ets>anly</ets>, <ets>onlich</ets>, AS. <ets>\'benlic</ets>, i.e., onelike. See <er>One</er>, <er>and Like</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One alone; single; <as>as, the <ex>only</ex> man present; his <ex>only</ex> occupation.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Alone in its class; by itself; not associated with others of the same class or kind; <as>as, an <ex>only</ex> child</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, figuratively: Alone, by reason of superiority; pre\'89minent; chief.</def> "Motley's the <i>only</i> wear."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Only</h1>
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<hw>On"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Only</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In one manner or degree; for one purpose alone; simply; merely; barely.</def>

<blockquote>And to be loved himself, needs <b>only</b> to be known.

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>So and no otherwise; no other than; exclusively; solely; wholly.</def> "She being <i>only</i> wicked."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<blockquote>Every imagination . . . of his heart was <b>only</b> evil.
<i>Gen. vi. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Singly; without more; <as>as, <ex>only</ex>-begotten</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Above all others; particularly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His most <b>only</b> elected mistress.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Only</h1>
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<hw>On"ly</hw>, <tt>conj.</tt> <def>Save or except (that); -- an adversative used elliptically with or without <i>that</i>, and properly introducing a single fact or consideration.</def>

<blockquote>He might have seemed some secretary or clerk . . . <b>only</b> that his low, flat, unadorned cap . . . indicated that he belonged to the city.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Onocerin</h1>
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<hw>On`o*ce"rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Ononis</ets>, the generic name of the plant + L. <ets>cera</ets> wax.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline waxy substance extracted from the root of the leguminous plant <i>Ononis spinosa</i>.</def>

<h1>Onology</h1>
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<hw>O*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an ass + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Foolish discourse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Onomancy</h1>
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<hw>On"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ name + <ets>-mancy</ets>. Cf. <er>Nomancy</er>.]</ety> <def>Divination by the letters of a name; nomancy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Onomantic, Onomantical</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw><hw>On`o*man"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>On`o*man"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to onomancy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Onomastic</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On`o*mas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, from <?/ to name, <?/ name.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Applied to a signature when the body of the instrument is in another's handwriting.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Onomasticon</h1>
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<hw>On`o*mas"ti*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ (sc.<?/), fr. <?/. See <er>Onomastic</er>.]</ety> <def>A collection of names and terms; a dictionary; specif., a collection of Greek names, with explanatory notes, made by Julius Pollux about A.D.180.</def>

<h1>Onomatechny</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On"o*ma*tech`ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ art.]</ety> <def>Prognostication by the letters of a name.</def>

<h1>Onomatologist</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On`o*ma*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in the history of names.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Onomatology</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On`o*ma*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/ + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of names or of their classification.</def>

<h1>Onomatope</h1>
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<hw>O*nom"a*tope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Onomatop\'d2ia</er>.]</ety> <def>An imitative word; an onomatopoetic word.</def>

<h1>Onomatop\'d2ia</h1>
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<hw>On`o*mat`o*p\'d2"ia</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, a name + <?/ to make.]</ety> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>The formation of words in imitation of sounds; a figure of speech in which the sound of a word is imitative of the sound of the thing which the word represents; <as>as, the <i>buzz</i> of bees; the <i>hiss</i> of a goose; the <i>crackle</i> of fire.</as></def>

<note>&hand; It has been maintained by some philologist that all primary words, especially names, were formed by imitation of natural sounds.</note>

<h1>Onomatop\'d2ic</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On`o*mat`o*p\'d2"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Onomatopoetic.</def>

<i>Whitney.</i>

<h1>Onomatopoetic</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On`o*mat`o*po*et"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to onomatop\'d2ia; characterized by onomatop\'d2ia; imitative; <as>as, an <ex>onomatopoetic</ex> writer or word</as>.</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Onomatopy</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On`o*mat"o*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Onomatop\'d2ia.</def>

<h1>Onomomancy</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>O*nom"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Onomancy</er>.</def>

<h1>Onondagas</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On`on*da"gas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Onondaga</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting what is now a part of the State of New York. They were the central or head tribe of the Five Nations.</def>

<h1>Onrush</h1>
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<hw>On"rush`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rushing onward.</def>

<h1>Onset</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On"set`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>On</ets> + <ets>set</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rushing or setting upon; an attack; an assault; a storming; especially, the assault of an army.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>onset</b> and retire
Of both your armies.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who on that day the word of <b>onset</b> gave.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A setting about; a beginning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>There is surely no greater wisdom than well to time the beginnings and <b>onsets</b> of things.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything set on, or added, as an ornament or as a useful appendage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Onset</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On"set`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To assault; to set upon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To set about; to begin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Onslaught</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On"slaught`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>on</ets> on + <ets>slaught</ets>, <ets>slaht</ets>, slaughter. See <er>Slaughter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An attack; an onset; esp., a furious or murderous attack or assault.</def>

<blockquote>By storm and <b>onslaught</b> to proceed.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bloody fray or battle.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Onstead</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On"stead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Possibly a corruption of <ets>homestead</ets>.]</ety> <def>A single farmhouse; a steading.</def> <mark>[Prov.Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<i>Grose. Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Onto</h1>
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<hw>On"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[<ets>On</ets> + <ets>to</ets>. Cf. <er>Into</er>.]</ety> <def>On the top of; upon; on. See <cref>On to</cref>, under <er>On</er>, <tt>prep.</tt></def>

<h1>Ontogenesis, Ontogeny</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw><hw>On`to*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>On*tog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ontology</er>, and <er>Genesis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The history of the individual development of an organism; the history of the evolution of the germ; the development of an individual organism, -- in distinction from <i>phylogeny</i>, or evolution of the tribe. Called also <altname>henogenesis</altname>, <altname>henogeny</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ontogenetic</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On`to*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to ontogenesis; <as>as, <ex>ontogenetic</ex> phenomena</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>On`to*ge*net"ic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ontogenic</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On`to*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Ontogenetic.</def>

<h1>Ontologic</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On`to*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ontological.</def>

<h1>Ontological</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On`to*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ontologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to ontology.</def>

<h1>Ontologically</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On`*to*log"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ontological manner.</def>

<h1>Ontologist</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>ontologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who is versed in or treats of ontology.</def>

<i>Edin. Rev.</i>

<h1>Ontology</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the things which exist (pl.neut. of <?/, <?/, being, p.pr. of <?/ to be) + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf.F. <ets>ontologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>That department of the science of metaphysics which investigates and explains the nature and essential properties and relations of all beings, as such, or the principles and causes of being.</def>

<h1>Onus</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>O"nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A burden; an obligation.</def>

<cs><col>Onus probandi</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety>, <cd>obligation to furnish evidence to prove a thing; the burden of proof.</cd></cs>

<h1>Onward</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Moving in a forward direction; tending toward a contemplated or desirable end; forward; <as>as, an <ex>onward</ex> course, progress, etc</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Advanced in a forward direction or toward an end.</def>

<blockquote>Within a while, Philoxenus came to see how <b>onward</b> the fruits were of his friend's labor.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Onward</h1>
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<hw>On"ward</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Toward a point before or in front; forward; progressively; <as>as, to move <ex>onward</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Not one looks backward, <b>onward</b> still he goes.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Onwardness</h1>
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<hw>On"ward*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Progress; advancement.</def>

<h1>Onwards</h1>
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<hw>On"wards</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>-wards</er>.]</ety> <def>Onward.</def>

<h1>Ony</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>On"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Any.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Onycha</h1>
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<hw>On"y*cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>onyx</ets>, <ets>-ychis</ets>, onyx, also, a kind of mussel, Gr. <?/, <?/. See <er>Onyx</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An ingredient of the Mosaic incense, probably the operculum of some kind of strombus.</def>

<i>Ex. xxx. 34.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The precious stone called <i>onyx</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Onychia</h1>
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<hw>O*nych"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Onyx</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A whitlow.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An affection of a finger or toe, attended with ulceration at the base of the nail, and terminating in the destruction of the nail.</def>

<h1>Onychomancy</h1>
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<hw>On"y*cho*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a finger nail + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>onychomancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by the nails.</def>

<h1>Onychophora</h1>
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<hw>On`y*choph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, <?/, a claw + <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Malacopoda.</def>

<h1>Onyx</h1>
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<hw>O"nyx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a claw, finger nail, a veined gem. See <er>Nail</er>, and cf. <er>Onycha</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Chalcedony in parallel layers of different shades of color. It is used for making cameos, the figure being cut in one layer with the next as a ground.</def>

<cs><col>Onyx marble</col>, <cd>a banded variety of marble or calcium carbonate resembling onyx. It is obtained from Mexico.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oo</h1>
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<hw>Oo</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>One.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>O\'94</h1>
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<hw>O"\'94</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hawaiian.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beautiful bird (<spn>Moho nobilis</spn>) of the Hawaiian Islands. It yields the brilliant yellow feathers formerly used in making the royal robes. Called also <altname>yellow-tufted honeysucker</altname>.</def>

<h1>O\'d2cium</h1>
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<hw>O*\'d2"ci*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>O\'d2cia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ an egg + <?/ a house.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the special zooids, or cells, of Bryozoa, destined to receive and develop ova; an ovicell. See <er>Bryozoa</er>.</def>

<h1>O\'94genesis</h1>
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<hw>O`\'94*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an egg + E. <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The development, or mode of origin, of the ova.</def>

<h1>O\'94gonium</h1>
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<hw>O`\'94*go"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>O\'94gonia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>O\'94goniums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ an egg + <?/ offspring.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A special cell in certain cryptogamous plants containing o\'94spheres, as in the rockweeds (<spn>Fucus</spn>), and the orders <spn>Vaucherie\'91</spn> and <spn>Peronospore\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Ooidal</h1>
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<hw>O*oi"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ an egg + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Shaped like an egg.</def>

<h1>Ook</h1>
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<hw>Ook</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Oak.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A branched <i>ook</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>O\'94lite</h1>
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<hw>O"\'94*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an egg + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf.F. <ets>o\'94lithe</ets>. So named from its resemblance to the roe of fish.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A variety of limestone, consisting of small round grains, resembling the roe of a fish. It sometimes constitutes extensive beds, as in the European Jurassic. See the <i>Chart</i> of <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>O\'94litic</h1>
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<hw>O`\'94*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>o\'94lithique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to o\'94lite; composed of, or resembling, o\'94lite.</def>

<h1>O\'94logical</h1>
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<hw>O`\'94*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to o\'94logy.</def>

<h1>O\'94logist</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>O*\'94l"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in o\'94logy.</def>

<h1>O\'94logy</h1>
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<hw>O*\'94l"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an egg + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of eggs in relation to their coloring, size, shape, and number.</def>

<h1>Oolong</h1>
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<hw>Oo"long</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Chinese, green dragon.]</ety> <def>A fragrant variety of black tea having somewhat the flavor of green tea.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>oulong</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Oomiac, Oomiak</h1>
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<hw><hw>Oo"mi*ac</hw>, <hw>Oo"mi*ak</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A long, broad boat used by the Eskimos.</def>

<h1>Oon</h1>
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<hw>Oon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>One.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Oones</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>Oones</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Once.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Oop</h1>
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<hw>Oop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>To bind with a thread or cord; to join; to unite.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Oopack, Oopak</h1>
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<hw><hw>Oo"pack</hw>, <hw>Oo"pak</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So named from a district in China.]</ety> <def>A kind of black tea.</def>

<h1>O\'94phore</h1>
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<hw>O"\'94*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ egg-bearing; <?/ an egg + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An alternately produced form of certain cryptogamous plants, as ferns, mosses, and the like, which bears antheridia and archegonia, and so has sexual fructification, as contrasted with the <i>sporophore</i>, which is nonsexual, but produces spores in countless number. In ferns the o\'94phore is a minute prothallus; in mosses it is the leafy plant.</def>

<h1>O\'94phorectomy</h1>
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<hw>O`\'94*pho*rec"to*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ egg + <?/ to bear + <?/ a cutting out.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Ovariotomy.</def>

<h1>O\'94phoric</h1>
<Xpage=1003>

<hw>O`\'94*phor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the nature of, or belonging to, an o\'94phore.</def>

<h1>O\'94phoridium</h1>
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<hw>O`\'94*pho*rid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>O\'94phorida</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>O\'94phoridiums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>O\'94phore</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The macrosporangium or case for the larger kind of spores in heterosporous flowerless plants.</def>

<h1>O\'94phoritis</h1>
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<hw>O`\'94*pho*ri"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ egg + <?/ to bear + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Ovaritis.</def>

<h1>O\'94phyte</h1>
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<hw>O"\'94*phyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an egg + <?/ a plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of a proposed class or grand division (collectively termed <i>o\'94phytes</i> or <i>O\'94phyta</i>), which have their sexual reproduction accomplished by motile antherozoids acting on o\'94spheres, either while included in their o\'94gonia or after exclusion.</def>

<note>&hand; This class was at first called <spn>O\'94spore\'91</spn>, and is made to include all alg\'91 and fungi which have this kind of reproduction, however they may differ in all other respects, the contrasted classes of Thallophytes being <i>Protophytes</i>, <i>Zygophytes</i>, and <i>Carpophytes</i>. The whole system has its earnest advocates, but is rejected by many botanists. See <er>Carpophyte</er>.</note>

<hr>
<page="1004">
Page 1004<p>

<h1>O\'94phytic</h1>
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<hw>O`\'94*phyt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an o\'94phyte.</def>

<h1>O\'94rial</h1>
<Xpage=1004>

<hw>O*\'94"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wild, bearded sheep inhabiting the Ladakh mountains. It is reddish brown, with a dark beard from the chin to the chest.</def>

<h1>O\'94sperm</h1>
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<hw>O"\'94*sperm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an egg + E. <ets>sperm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The ovum, after fusion with the spermatozo\'94n in impregnation.</def>

<i>Balfour.</i>

<h1>O\'94spere</h1>
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<hw>O"\'94*spere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an egg + E. <ets>sphere</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An unfertilized, rounded mass of protoplasm, produced in an o\'94gonium.</def>

<note>&hand; After being fertilized by the access of antherozoids it becomes covered with a cell wall and develops into an o\'94spore, which may grow into a new plant like the parent.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An analogous mass of protoplasm in the ovule of a flowering plant; an embryonic vesicle.</def>

<i>Goodale.</i>

<h1>O\'94sporangium</h1>
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<hw>O`\'94*spo*ran"gi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>O\'94sporangia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>O\'94sporangiums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ an egg + <?/ vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An o\'94gonium; also, a case containing oval or rounded spores of some other kind than o\'94spores.</def>

<h1>O\'94spore</h1>
<Xpage=1004>

<hw>O"\'94*spore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an egg + <?/ a seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A special kind of spore resulting from the fertilization of an o\'94sphere by antherozoids.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A fertilized o\'94sphere in the ovule of a flowering plant.</def>

<h1>O\'94sporic</h1>
<Xpage=1004>

<hw>O`\'94*spor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an o\'94spore.</def>

<h1>O\'94stegite</h1>
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<hw>O*\'94s"te*gite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ a roof.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the plates which in some Crustacea inclose a cavity wherein the eggs are hatched.</def>

<h1>O\'94theca</h1>
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<hw>O`\'94*the"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>O\'94thec\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ an egg + <?/ a case.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An egg case, especially those of many kinds of mollusks, and of some insects, as the cockroach. Cf. <er>O\'d2cium</er>.</def>

<h1>O\'94tooid, O\'94tocoid</h1>
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<hw><hw>O*\'94t"*ooid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O*\'94t"o*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ laying eggs (<?/ egg + <?/ a bearing, <?/ to bear) + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A half oviparous, or an oviparous, mammal; a marsupial or monotreme.</def>

<h1>O\'94type</h1>
<Xpage=1004>

<hw>O"\'94*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The part of the oviduct of certain trematode worms in which the ova are completed and furnished with a shell.</def>

<h1>Ooze</h1>
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<hw>Ooze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>wose</ets>, AS. <ets>wase</ets> dirt, mire, mud, akin to <ets>w<?/s</ets> juice, ooze, Icel. <ets>v\'bes</ets> wetness, OHG. <ets>waso</ets> turf, sod, G. <ets>wasen</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Soft mud or slime; earth so wet as to flow gently, or easily yield to pressure.</def> "My son i' the <i>ooze</i> is bedded."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Soft flow; spring.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The liquor of a tan vat.</def>

<h1>Ooze</h1>
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<hw>Ooze</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Oozed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; p.pr. & vb.n. <er>Oozing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prov. Eng. <ets>weeze</ets>, <ets>wooz</ets>. See <er>Ooze</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To flow gently; to percolate, as a liquid through the pores of a substance or through small openings.</def>

<blockquote>The latent rill, scare <b>oozing</b> through the grass.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To leak (out) or escape slowly; <as>as, the secret <ex>oozed</ex> out; his courage <ex>oozed</ex> out.</as></def>

<h1>Ooze</h1>
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<hw>Ooze</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to ooze.</def>

<i>Alex. Smith.</i>

<h1>O\'94zoa</h1>
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<hw>O`\'94*zo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ an egg + <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Acrita</er>.</def>

<h1>Oozy</h1>
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<hw>Ooz"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Miry; containing soft mud; resembling ooze; <as>as, the <ex>oozy</ex> bed of a river</as>.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Opacate</h1>
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<hw>O*pa"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opacatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>opacare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To darken; to cloud.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Opacity</h1>
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<hw>O*pac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opacitas</ets>: cf.F. opacit\'82.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being opaque; the quality of a body which renders it impervious to the rays of light; want of transparency; opaqueness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Obscurity; want of clearness.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Opacous</h1>
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<hw>O*pa"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opacus</ets>. See <er>Opaque</er>.]</ety> <def>Opaque.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Milton</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>O*pa"cous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Opacular</h1>
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<hw>O*pac"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opaque.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Opah</h1>
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<hw>O"pah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large oceanic fish (<spn>Lampris quttatus</spn>), inhabiting the Atlantic Ocean. It is remarkable for its brilliant colors, which are red, green, and blue, with tints of purple and gold, covered with round silvery spots. Called also <altname>king of the herrings</altname>.</def>

<h1>Opake</h1>
<Xpage=1004>

<hw>O*pake"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Opaque</er>.</def>

<h1>Opal</h1>
<Xpage=1004>

<hw>O"pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opalus</ets>: cf. Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>upala</ets> a rock, stone, precious stone: cf. F. <ets>opale</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral consisting, like quartz, of silica, but inferior to quartz in hardness and specific gravity.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>precious opal</i> presents a peculiar play of colors of delicate tints, and is highly esteemed as a gem. One kind, with a varied play of color in a reddish ground, is called the <i>harlequin opal</i>. The <i>fire opal</i> has colors like the red and yellow of flame. <i>Common opal</i> has a milky appearance. <i>Menilite</i> is a brown impure variety, occurring in concretions at Menilmontant, near Paris. Other varieties are <i>cacholong</i>, <i>girasol</i>, <i>hyalite</i>, and <i>geyserite</i>.</note>

<h1>Opalesce</h1>
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<hw>O`pal*esce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Opalesced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Opalescing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To give forth a play of colors, like the opal.</def>

<h1>Opalescence</h1>
<Xpage=1004>

<hw>O`pal*es"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A reflection of a milky or pearly light from the interior of a mineral, as in the moonstone; the state or quality of being opalescent.</def>

<h1>Opalescent</h1>
<Xpage=1004>

<hw>O`pal*es"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Reflecting a milky or pearly light from the interior; having an opaline play of colors.</def>

<h1>Opaline</h1>
<Xpage=1004>

<hw>O"pal*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>opalin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or like, opal in appearance; having changeable colors like those of the opal.</def>

<h1>Opalize</h1>
<Xpage=1004>

<hw>O"pal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Opalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Opalizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>opaliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To convert into opal, or a substance like opal.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<h1>Opalotype</h1>
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<hw>O*pal"o*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Opal</ets> + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A picture taken on "milky" glass.</def>

<h1>Opaque</h1>
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<hw>O*paque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>opacus</ets>. Cf. <er>Opacous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Impervious to the rays of light; not transparent; <as>as, an <ex>opaque</ex> substance</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Obscure; not clear; unintelligible.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Opaque</h1>
<Xpage=1004>

<hw>O*paque"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is opaque; opacity.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Opaqueness</h1>
<Xpage=1004>

<hw>O*paque"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being impervious to light; opacity.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Ope</h1>
<Xpage=1004>

<hw>Ope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Open.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>On Sunday heaven's gate stands <b>ope</b>.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ope</h1>
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<hw>Ope</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To open.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Wilt thou not <b>ope</b> thy heart to know
What rainbows teach and sunsets show?
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Opeidoscope</h1>
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<hw>O*pei"do*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, voice + <?/ form + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument, consisting of a tube having one end open and the other end covered with a thin flexible membrance to the center of which is attached a small mirror. It is used for exhibiting upon a screen, by means of rays reflected from the mirror, the vibratory motions caused by sounds produced at the open end of the tube, as by speaking or singing into it.</def>

<i>A. E. Dolbear.</i>

<h1>Opelet</h1>
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<hw>Ope"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bright-colored European actinian (<spn>Anemonia, &or; Anthea, sulcata</spn>); -- so called because it does not retract its tentacles.</def>

<h1>Open</h1>
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<hw>O"pen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>open</ets>; akin to D. <ets>open</ets>, OS. <ets>opan</ets>, G. <ets>offan</ets>, Icel. <ets>opinn</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'94ppen</ets>, Dan. <ets>aaben</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>up</ets>. Cf. <er>Up</er>, and <er>Ope</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Free of access; not shut up; not closed; affording unobstructed ingress or egress; not impeding or preventing passage; not locked up or covered over; -- applied to passageways; <as>as, an <ex>open</ex> door, window, road, etc</as>.; also, to inclosed structures or objects; <as>as, <ex>open</ex> houses, boxes, baskets, bottles, etc</as>.; also, to means of communication or approach by water or land; <as>as, an <ex>open</ex> harbor or roadstead</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Through the gate,
Wide <b>open</b> and unquarded, Satan passed.
<i>Milton</i></blockquote>

<note>Also, figuratively, used of the ways of communication of the mind, as by the senses; ready to hear, see, etc.; as, to keep one's eyes and ears <i>open</i>.

<blockquote>His ears are <b>open</b> unto their cry.
<i>Ps. xxxiv. 15.</i></blockquote>
</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free to be used, enjoyed, visited, or the like; not private; public; unrestricted in use; <as>as, an <ex>open</ex> library, museum, court, or other assembly</as>; liable to the approach, trespass, or attack of any one; unprotected; exposed.</def>

<blockquote>If Demetrius . . . have a matter against any man, the law is <b>open</b> and there are deputies.
<i>Acts xix. 33.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The service that I truly did his life,
Hath left me <b>open</b> to all injuries.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Free or cleared of obstruction to progress or to view; accessible; <as>as, an <ex>open</ex> tract; the <ex>open</ex> sea.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not drawn together, closed, or contracted; extended; expanded; <as>as, an <ex>open</ex> hand; <ex>open</ex> arms; an <ex>open</ex> flower; an <ex>open</ex> prospect.</as></def>

<blockquote>Each, with <b>open</b> arms, embraced her chosen knight.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> Hence: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Without reserve or false pretense; sincere; characterized by sincerity; unfeigned; frank; also, generous; liberal; bounteous; -- applied to personal appearance, or character, and to the expression of thought and feeling, etc</def>.</def>

<blockquote>With aspect <b>open</b>, shall erect his head.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Moor is of a free and <b>open</b> nature.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The French are always <b>open</b>, familiar, and talkative.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not concealed or secret; not hidden or disguised; exposed to view or to knowledge; revealed; apparent; <as>as, <ex>open</ex> schemes or plans; <ex>open</ex> shame or guilt</as></def>.

<blockquote>His thefts are too <b>open</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That I may find him, and with secret gaze
Or <b>open</b> admiration him behold.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Not of a quality to prevent communication, as by closing water ways, blocking roads, etc.; hence, not frosty or inclement; mild; -- used of the weather or the climate; <as>as, an <ex>open</ex> season; an <ex>open</ex> winter.</as></def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Not settled or adjusted; not decided or determined; not closed or withdrawn from consideration; <as>as, an <ex>open</ex> account; an <ex>open</ex> question; to keep an offer or opportunity <ex>open</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Free; disengaged; unappropriated; <as>as, to keep a day <ex>open</ex> for any purpose; to be <ex>open</ex> for an engagement.</as></def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Uttered with a relatively wide opening of the articulating organs; -- said of vowels; <as>as, the <it>\'84</it>n f\'84r is <ex>open</ex> as compared with the <it>\'be</it> in s\'bey</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Uttered, as a consonant, with the oral passage simply narrowed without closure, as in uttering <i>s</i>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Not closed or stopped with the finger; -- said of the string of an instrument, as of a violin, when it is allowed to vibrate throughout its whole length.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Produced by an open string; <as>as, an <ex>open</ex> tone</as>.</def>

<cs><col>The open air</col>, <cd>the air out of doors.</cd> -- <col>Open chain</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Closed chain</cref>, under <er>Chain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Open circuit</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a conducting circuit which is incomplete, or interrupted at some point; -- opposed to an uninterrupted, or <ant>closed circuit</ant>.</cd> -- <col>Open communion</col>, <cd>communion in the Lord's supper not restricted to persons who have been baptized by immersion. Cf. <cref>Close communion</cref>, under <er>Close</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>Open diapason</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a certain stop in an organ, in which the pipes or tubes are formed like the mouthpiece of a flageolet at the end where the wind enters, and are open at the other end.</cd> -- <col>Open flank</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>the part of the flank covered by the orillon.</cd> -- <col>Open-front furnace</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a blast furnace having a forehearth.</cd> -- <col>Open harmony</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>harmony the tones of which are widely dispersed, or separated by wide intervals.</cd> -- <col>Open hawse</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a hawse in which the cables are parallel or slightly divergent. Cf. <cref>Foul hawse</cref>, under <er>Hawse</er>.</cd> -- <col>Open hearth</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>the shallow hearth of a reverberatory furnace.</cd> -- <col>Open-hearth furnace</col>, <cd>a reverberatory furnace; esp., a kind of reverberatory furnace in which the fuel is gas, used in manufacturing steel.</cd> -- <col>Open-hearth process</col> <fld>(Steel Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a process by which melted cast iron is converted into steel by the addition of wrought iron, or iron ore and manganese, and by exposure to heat in an open-hearth furnace; -- also called the <altname>Siemens-Martin process</altname>, from the inventors.</cd> -- <col>Open-hearth steel</col>, <cd>steel made by an open-hearth process; -- also called <altname>Siemens-Martin steel</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Open newel</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Hollow newel</cref>, under <er>Hollow</er>.</cd> -- <col>Open pipe</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a pipe open at the top. It has a pitch about an octave higher than a <i>closed pipe<i> of the same length.</cd> -- <col>Open-timber roof</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a roof of which the constructional parts, together with the under side of the covering, or its lining, are treated ornamentally, and left to form the ceiling of an apartment below, as in a church, a public hall, and the like.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Open vowel</col> &or; <col>consonant</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Open</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 9.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; <i>Open</i> is used in many compounds, most of which are self-explaining; as, <i>open</i>-breasted, <i>open</i>-minded.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Unclosed; uncovered; unprotected; exposed; plain; apparent; obvious; evident; public; unreserved; frank; sincere; undissembling; artless. See <er>Candid</er>, and <er>Ingenuous</er>.</syn>

<h1>Open</h1>
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<hw>O"pen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Open or unobstructed space; clear land, without trees or obstructions; open ocean; open water.</def> "To sail into the <i>open</i>."

<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i>

<blockquote>Then we got into the <b>open</b>.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>In open</col>, <cd>in full view; without concealment; openly. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs><-- = in the open -->

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Openm</h1>
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<hw>O"penm</hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Opened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Opening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>openian</ets>. See <er>Open</er>,a.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make or set open; to render free of access; to unclose; to unbar; to unlock; to remove any fastening or covering from; <as>as, to <ex>open</ex> a door; to <ex>open</ex> a box; to <ex>open</ex> a room; to <ex>open</ex> a letter.</as></def>

<blockquote>And all the windows of my heart
I <b>open</b> to the day.
<i>Whittier.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To spread; to expand; <as>as, to <ex>open</ex> the hand</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To disclose; to reveal; to interpret; to explain.</def>

<blockquote>The king <b>opened</b> himself to some of his council, that he was sorry for the earl's death.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Unto thee have I <b>opened</b> my cause.
<i>Jer. xx. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>While he <b>opened</b> to us the Scriptures.
<i>Luke xxiv. 32.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make known; to discover; also, to render available or accessible for settlements, trade, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The English did adventure far for to <b>open</b> the North parts of America.
<i>Abp. Abbot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To enter upon; to begin; <as>as, to <ex>open</ex> a discussion; to <ex>open</ex> fire upon an enemy; to <ex>open</ex> trade, or correspondence; to <ex>open</ex> a case in court, or a meeting.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To loosen or make less compact; <as>as, to <ex>open</ex> matted cotton by separating the fibers</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To open one's mouth</col>, <col>to speak</col></mcol>.<cd></cd> -- <col>To open up</col>, <cd>to lay open; to discover; to disclose.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Poetry that had <b>opened up</b> so many delightful views into the character and condition of our "bold peasantry, their country's pride."
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Open</h1>
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<hw>O"pen</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unclose; to form a hole, breach, or gap; to be unclosed; to be parted.</def>

<blockquote>The earth <b>opened</b> and swallowed up Dathan, and covered the company of Abiram.
<i>Ps. cvi. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To expand; to spread out; to be disclosed; <as>as, the harbor <ex>opened</ex> to our view</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To begin; to commence; <as>as, the stock <ex>opened</ex> at par; the battery <ex>opened</ex> upon the enemy.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Sporting)</fld> <def>To bark on scent or view of the game.</def>

<h1>Open-air</h1>
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<hw>O"pen-air`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Taking place in the open air; outdoor; <as>as, an <ex>open-air</ex> game or meeting</as>.</def>

<h1>Openbill</h1>
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<hw>O"pen*bill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of the genus <spn>Anastomus</spn>, allied to the stork; -- so called because the two parts of the bill touch only at the base and tip. One species inhabits India, another Africa. Called also <altname>open-beak</altname>. See <i>Illust</i>. <sd>(m)</sd>, under <er>Beak</er>.</def>

<h1>Opener</h1>
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<hw>O"pen*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, opens.</def> "True <i>opener</i> of my eyes."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Open-eyed</h1>
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<hw>O"pen-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>With eyes widely open; watchful; vigilant.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Open-handed</h1>
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<hw>O"pen-hand`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Generous; liberal; munificent.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O"pen-hand`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Open-headed</h1>
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<hw>O"pen-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bareheaded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Open-hearted</h1>
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<hw>O"pen-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Candid; frank; generous.</def> <i>Dryden</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>O"pen-heart`ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>O"pen-heart`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Walton.</i>

<h1>Opening</h1>
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<hw>O"pen*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of opening; a beginning; commencement; first appearance; <as>as, the <ex>opening</ex> of a speech</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>opening</b> of your glory was like that of light.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place which is open; a breach; an aperture; a gap; cleft, or hole.</def>

<blockquote>We saw him at the <b>opening</b> of his tent.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: A vacant place; an opportunity; <as>as, an <ex>opening</ex> for business</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A thinly wooded space, without undergrowth, in the midst of a forest; <as>as, oak <ex>openings</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<i>Cooper.</i>

<h1>Openly</h1>
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<hw>O"pen*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>openlice</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an open manner; publicly; not in private; without secrecy.</def>

<blockquote>How grossly and <b>openly</b> do many of us contradict the precepts of the gospel by our ungodliness!
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without reserve or disguise; plainly; evidently.</def>

<blockquote>My love . . . shall show itself more <b>openly</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Open-mouthed</h1>
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<hw>O"pen-mouthed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the mouth open; gaping; hence, greedy; clamorous.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Openness</h1>
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<hw>O"pen*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being open.</def>

<h1>Openwork</h1>
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<hw>O"pen*work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything so constructed or manufactured (in needlework, carpentry, metal work, etc.) as to show openings through its substance; work that is perforated or pierced.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A quarry; an open cut.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<hr>
<page="1005">
Page 1005<p>

<h1>Opera</h1>
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<hw>Op"er*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. <ets>opera</ets> work, composition, opposed to an improvisation, fr. L. <ets>opera</ets> pains work, fr. <ets>opus</ets>, <ets>operis</ets>, work, labor: cf. F. <ets>op\'82ra</ets>. See <er>Operate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A drama, either tragic or comic, of which music forms an essential part; a drama wholly or mostly sung, consisting of recitative, arials, choruses, duets, trios, etc., with orchestral accompaniment, preludes, and interludes, together with appropriate costumes, scenery, and action; a lyric drama.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The score of a musical drama, either written or in print; a play set to music.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The house where operas are exhibited.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Op\'82ra bouffe</col> <ety>[F. <ets>op\'82ra</ets> opera + <ets>bouffe</ets> comic, It.<ets>buffo</ets>]</ety>, <col>Opera buffa</col> <ety>[It.]</ety></mcol>, <cd>light, farcical, burlesque opera.</cd> -- <col>Opera box</col>, <cd>a partially inclosed portion of the auditorium of an opera house for the use of a small private party.</cd> -- <col>Op\'82ra comique</col> <ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>comic or humorous opera.</cd> -- <col>Opera flannel</col>, <cd>a light flannel, highly finished. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Opera girl</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an East Indian plant (<spn>Mantisia saltatoria</spn>) of the Ginger family, sometimes seen in hothouses. It has curious flowers which have some resemblance to a ballet dancer, whence the popular name. Called also <altname>dancing girls</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Opera glass</col>, <cd>a short telescope with concave eye lenses of low power, usually made double, that is, with a tube and set of glasses for each eye; a lorgnette; -- so called because adapted for use at the opera, theater, etc.</cd> -- <col>Opera hat</col>, <cd>a gentleman's folding hat.</cd> -- <col>Opera house</col>, <cd>specifically, a theater devoted to the performance of operas.</cd> -- <col>Opera seria</col> <ety>[It.]</ety>, <cd>serious or tragic opera; grand opera.</cd></cs>

<h1>Operable</h1>
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<hw>Op"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Practicable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Operameter</h1>
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<hw>Op`er*am"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opus</ets>, <ets>operis</ets>, pl. <ets>opera</ets> work + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument or machine for measuring work done, especially for ascertaining the number of rotations made by a machine or wheel in manufacturing cloth; a counter.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Operance, Operancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Op"er*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Op"er*an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of operating or working; operation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Operand</h1>
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<hw>Op"er*and</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From neuter of L. <ets>operandus</ets>, gerundive of <ets>operari</ets>. See <er>Operate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The symbol, quantity, or thing upon which a mathematical operation is performed; -- called also <altname>faciend</altname>.</def>

<h1>Operant</h1>
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<hw>Op"er*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>operans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>operari</ets>. See <er>Operate</er>.]</ety> <def>Operative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Shak.</i> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An operative person or thing.</def></def2> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Operate</h1>
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<hw>Op"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Operated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Operating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>operatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>operari</ets> to work, fr. <ets>opus</ets>, <ets>operis</ets>, work, labor; akin to Skr. <ets>apas</ets>, and also to G. <ets>\'81ben</ets> to exercise, OHG. <ets>uoben</ets>, Icel. <ets><?/fa</ets>. Cf. <er>Inure</er>, <er>Maneuver</er>, <er>Ure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To perform a work or labor; to exert power or strengh, physical or mechanical; to act.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To produce an appropriate physical effect; to issue in the result designed by nature; especially <fld>(Med.)</fld>, to take appropriate effect on the human system.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To act or produce effect on the mind; to exert moral power or influence.</def>

<blockquote>The virtues of private persons <b>operate</b> but on a few.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A plain, convincing reason <b>operates</b> on the mind both of a learned and ignorant hearer as long as they live.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>To perform some manual act upon a human body in a methodical manner, and usually with instruments, with a view to restore soundness or health, as in amputation, lithotomy, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To deal in stocks or any commodity with a view to speculative profits.</def> <mark>[Brokers' Cant]</mark>

<h1>Operate</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Op"er*ate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To produce, as an effect; to cause.</def>

<blockquote>The same cause would <b>operate</b> a diminution of the value of stock.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put into, or to continue in, operation or activity; to work; <as>as, to <ex>operate</ex> a machine</as>.</def>

<h1>Operatic, Operatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Op`er**at"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Op`er*at"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the opera or to operas; characteristic of, or resembling, the opera.</def>

<h1>Operation</h1>
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<hw>Op`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>operatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>op\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of operating; agency; the exertion of power, physical, mechanical, or moral.</def>

<blockquote>The pain and sickness caused by manna are the effects of its <b>operation</b> on the stomach.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Speculative painting, without the assistance of manual <b>operation</b>, can never attain to perfection.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The method of working; mode of action.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is operated or accomplished; an effect brought about in accordance with a definite plan; <as>as, military or naval <ex>operations</ex></as></def>.

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Effect produced; influence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The bards . . . had great <b>operation</b> on the vulgar.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Something to be done; some transformation to be made upon quantities, the transformation being indicated either by rules or symbols.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Any methodical action of the hand, or of the hand with instruments, on the human body, to produce a curative or remedial effect, as in amputation, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Calculus of operations</col>. <cd>See under <er>Calculus</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Operative</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Op"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.L. <ets>operativus</ets>, F. <ets>op\'82ratif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the power of acting; hence, exerting force, physical or moral; active in the production of effects; <as>as, an <ex>operative</ex> motive</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It holds in all <b>operative</b> principles.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Producing the appropriate or designed effect; efficacious; <as>as, an <ex>operative</ex> dose, rule, or penalty</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Based upon, or consisting of, an operation or operations; <as>as, <ex>operative</ex> surgery</as>.</def>

<h1>Operative</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Op"er*a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A skilled worker; an artisan; esp., one who operates a machine in a mill or manufactory.</def>

<h1>Operatively</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Op"er*a*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an operative manner.</def>

<h1>Operator</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Op"er*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, operates or produces an effect.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>One who performs some act upon the human body by means of the hand, or with instruments.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A dealer in stocks or any commodity for speculative purposes; a speculator.</def> <mark>[Brokers' Cant]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The symbol that expresses the operation to be performed; -- called also <altname>facient</altname>.</def>

<h1>Operatory</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Op"er*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A laboratory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Opercle</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O"per*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>opercule</ets>. See <er>Operculum</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Any one of the bony plates which support the gill covers of fishes; an opercular bone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An operculum.</def>

<h1>Opercula</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O*per"cu*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Operculum</er>.</def>

<h1>Oparcular</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O*par"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or like, an operculum.</def>

<h1>Opercular</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O*per"cu*lar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The principal opercular bone or operculum of fishes.</def>

<h1>Operculate, Operculated</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw><hw>O*per"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O*per"cu*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>operculatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>operculare</ets> to furnish with a lid, fr. <ets>operculum</ets> lid.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Closed by a lid or cover, as the capsules of the mosses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having an operculum, or an apparatus for protecting the gills; -- said of shells and of fishes.</def>

<h1>Operculiferous</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O*per`cu*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Operculum</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Bearing an operculum.</def>

<h1>Operculiform</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O*per"cu*li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>operculum</ets> a cover + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>operculiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a lid or cover.</def>

<h1>Operculigenous</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O*per`cu*lig`e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Operculum</ets> + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Producing an operculum; -- said of the foot, or part of the foot, of certain mollusks.</def>

<h1>Operculum</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O*per"cu*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Opercula</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Operculums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a cover or lid, fr. <ets>operire</ets> to cover.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The lid of a pitcherform leaf.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The lid of the urnlike capsule of mosses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any lidlike or operculiform process or part; <as>as, the <ex>opercula</ex> of a dental follicle</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The fold of integument, usually supported by bony plates, which protects the gills of most fishes and some amphibians; the gill cover; the gill lid.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The principal opercular bone in the upper and posterior part of the gill cover.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The lid closing the aperture of various species of shells, as the common whelk. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Gastropoda</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any lid-shaped structure closing the aperture of a tube or shell.</def>

<h1>Operetta</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Op`er*et"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., dim. of <ets>opera</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short, light, musical drama.</def>

<h1>Operose</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Op"er*ose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>operosus</ets>, fr. <ets>opera</ets> pains, labor, <ets>opus</ets>, <ets>operis</ets>, work, labor.]</ety> <def>Wrought with labor; requiring labor; hence, tedious; wearisome.</def> "<i>Operose</i> proceeding."  <i>Burke</i>.  "A very <i>operose</i> calculation." <i>De Quincey</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Op"er*ose`ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Op"er*ose`ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Operosity</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Op`er*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>operositas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Laboriousness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Operous</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Op"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Operose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Holder</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Op"er*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Opertaneous</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Op`er*ta"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opertaneus</ets>; <ets>operire</ets> to hide.]</ety> <def>Concealed; private.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Opetide</h1>
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<hw>Ope"tide`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ope</ets> + <ets>tide</ets>.]</ety> <def>Open time; -- applied to different things</def>: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The early spring, or the time when flowers begin opening.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> <i>Nares</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The time between Epiphany and Ash Wednesday wherein marriages were formerly solemnized publicly in churches. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> </def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The time after harvest when the common fields are open to all kinds of stock.</def> <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark> <i>Halliwell</i>. <altsp>[Written also <asp>opentide</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ophelic</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O*phel"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, a substance (called <i>ophelic acid</i>) extracted from a plant (<spn>Ophelia</spn>) of the Gentian family as a bitter yellowish sirup, used in India as a febrifuge and tonic.</def>

<h1>Ophicleide</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Oph"i*cleide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ophicl\'82ide</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a serpent + <?/, gen. <?/, a key. So named because it was in effect the serpent, an old musical instrument, with keys added.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A large brass wind instrument, formerly used in the orchestra and in military bands, having a loud tone, deep pitch, and a compass of three octaves; -- now generally supplanted by bass and contrabass tubas.</def>

<i>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</i>

<h1>Ophidia</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O*phid"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/ a snake.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The order of reptiles which includes the serpents.</def>

<note>&hand; The most important divisions are: the <stype>Solenoglypha</stype>, having erectile perforated fangs, as the rattlesnake; the <stype>Proteroglypha</stype>, or elapine serpents, having permanently erect fang, as the cobra; the <stype>Asinea</stype>, or colubrine serpents, which are destitute of fangs; and the <stype>Opoterodonta</stype>, or <stype>Epanodonta</stype>, blindworms, in which the mouth is not dilatable.</note>

<h1>Ophidian</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O*phid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ophidien</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Ophidia; a snake or serpent.</def>

<h1>Ophidian</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O*phid"i*an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ophidien</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Ophidia; belonging to serpents.</def>

<h1>Ophidioid</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O*phid"i*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ophidion</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the <spn>Ophidiid\'91</spn>, a family of fishes which includes many slender species.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the <spn>Ophidiid\'91</spn>.</def></def2>

<h1>Ophidion</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O*phid"i*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ophidia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ little snake, fr. <?/ a serpent.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The typical genus of ophidioid fishes. <altsp>[Written also <asp>Ophidium</asp>.]</altsp> See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Ophidioid</er>.</def>

<h1>Ophidious</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O*phid"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ophidian.</def>

<h1>Ophiolatry</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O`phi*ol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ serpent + <?/ worship.]</ety> <def>The worship of serpents.</def>

<h1>Ophiologic, Ophiological</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw><hw>O`phi*o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O`phi*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ophiology.</def>

<h1>Ophiologist</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O`phi*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in the natural history of serpents.</def>

<h1>Ophiology</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O`phi*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a serpent + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf.F. <ets>ophioloqie</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of natural history which treats of the ophidians, or serpents.</def>

<h1>Ophiomancy</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O"phi*o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a serpent + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ophiomantie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by serpents, as by their manner of eating, or by their coils.</def>

<h1>Ophiomorpha</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O`phi*o*mor"pha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Ophiomorphous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of tailless amphibians having a slender, wormlike body with regular annulations, and usually with minute scales imbedded in the skin. The limbs are rudimentary or wanting. It includes the c\'91cilians. Called also <altname><spn>Gymnophiona</spn></altname> and <altname><spn>Ophidobatrachia</spn></altname>.</def>

<h1>Ophiomorphite</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O`phi*o*mor"phite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a serpent + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An ammonite.</def>

<h1>Ophiomorphous</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O`phi*o*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a serpent + <ets>-morphous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a serpent.</def>

<h1>Ophiophagous</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O`phi*oph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a serpent + <?/ to eat: cf. F. <ets>ophiophage</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Feeding on serpents; -- said of certain birds and reptiles.</def>

<h1>Ophiophagus</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O`phi*oph"a*gus</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Ophiophagous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of venomous East Indian snakes, which feed on other snakes. <i>Ophiophagus elaps</i> is said to be the largest and most deadly of poisonous snakes.</def>

<h1>Ophite</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O"phite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a serpent.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a serpent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ophite</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O"phite</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ophites</ets>, Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), a kind of marble spotted like a serpent: cf. F. <ets>ophite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A greenish spotted porphyry, being a diabase whose pyroxene has been altered to uralite; -- first found in the Pyreness. So called from the colored spots which give it a mottled appearance.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O*phi"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ophite</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O"phite</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Ophitae</ets>, pl. See <er>Ophite</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.Hist.)</fld> <def>A mamber of a Gnostic serpent-worshiping sect of the second century.</def>

<h1>Ophiuchus</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O`phi*u"chus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, lit., holding a serpent; <?/ a serpent + <?/ to hold.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A constellation in the Northern Hemisphere, delineated as a man holding a serpent in his hands; -- called also <altname>Serpentarius</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ophiura</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O`phi*u"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ snake + <?/ a tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of ophiurioid starfishes.</def>

<h1>Ophiuran</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O`phi*u"ran</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Ophiurioidea.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Ophiurioidea.</def></def2>

<h1>Ophiurid</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O`phi*u"rid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Ophiurioid</er>.</def>

<h1>Ophiurida</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O`phi*u"ri*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Ophiurioidea</er>.</def>

<h1>Ophiurioid</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>O`phi*u"ri*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Ophiurioidea.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Ophiurioidea.</def></def2> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ophiuroid</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ophiurioidea, Ophiuroidea</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw><hw>O`phi*u`ri*oi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O`phi*u*roi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ serpent + <?/ tail + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of star-shaped echinoderms having a disklike body, with slender, articulated arms, which are not grooved beneath and are often very fragile; -- called also <altname>Ophiuroida</altname> and <altname>Ophiuridea</altname>. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Brittle star</er>.</def>

<h1>Ophryon</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Oph"ry*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, the brow.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The supraorbital point.</def>

<h1>Ophthalmia</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Oph*thal"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ophthalmie</ets>, L. <ets>ophthalmia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ the eye, akin to E. <ets>optic</ets>. See <er>Optic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inflammation of the membranes or coats of the eye or of the eyeball.</def>

<h1>Ophthalmic</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Oph*thal"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>ophthalmique</ets>. See <er>Ophthalmia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the eye; ocular; <as>as the <ex>ophthalmic</ex>, or orbitonasal, nerve, a division of the trigeminal, which gives branches to the lachrymal gland, eyelids, nose, and forehead</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Ophthalmic region</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the space around the eyes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ophthalmite</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Oph*thal"mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the eye.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An eyestalk; the organ which bears the compound eyes of decapod Crustacea.</def>

<h1>Ophthalmological</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Oph*thal`mo*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ophthalmology.</def>

<h1>Ophthalmologist</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Oph`thal*mol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in ophthalmology; an oculist.</def>

<h1>Ophthalmology</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Oph`thal*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the eye + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ophthalmologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the structure, functions, and diseases of the eye.</def>

<h1>Ophthalmometer</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Oph`thal*mom"e*ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ eye + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument devised by Helmholtz for measuring the size of a reflected image on the convex surface of the cornea and lens of the eye, by which their curvature can be ascertained.</def>

<h1>Ophthalmoscope</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Oph*thal"mo*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ the eye + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for viewing the interior of the eye, particularly the retina. Light is thrown into the eye by a mirror (usually concave) and the interior is then examined with or without the aid of a lens.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Oph*thal`mo*scop"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ophthalmoscopy</h1>
<Xpage=1005>

<hw>Oph`thal*mos"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ophthalmoscopie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A branch of physiognomy which deduces the knowledge of a person's temper and character from the appearance of the eyes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Examination of the eye with the ophthalmoscope.</def>

<hr>
<page="1006">
Page 1006<p>

<h1>Ophthalmy</h1>
<Xpage=1006>

<hw>Oph*thal"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ophthalmia</er>.</def>

<h1>Opianic</h1>
<Xpage=1006>

<hw>O`pi*an"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Opium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid obtained by the oxidation of narcotine.</def>

<h1>Opianine</h1>
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<hw>O"pi*a*nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid found in small quantity in opium. It is identical with narcotine.</def>

<h1>Opianyl</h1>
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<hw>O"pi*a*nyl</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Opianic</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Meconin</er>.</def>

<h1>Opiate</h1>
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<hw>O"pi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Opium</er>: cf.F. <ets>opiat</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, a medicine of a thicker consistence than sirup, prepared with opium.</def>

<i>Parr.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any medicine that contains opium, and has the quality of inducing sleep or repose; a narcotic.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything which induces rest or inaction; that which quiets uneasiness.</def>

<blockquote>They chose atheism as an <b>opiate</b>.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Opiate</h1>
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<hw>O"pi*ate</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Opium</er>.]</ety> <def>Inducing sleep; somniferous; narcotic; hence, anodyne; causing rest, dullness, or inaction; <as>as, the <ex>opiate</ex> rod of Hermes</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Opiate</h1>
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<hw>O"pi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To subject to the influence of an opiate; to put to sleep.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fenton.</i>

<h1>Opiated</h1>
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<hw>O"pi*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mixed with opiates.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Under the influence of opiates.</def>

<h1>Opie</h1>
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<hw>O"pie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Opium.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Opiferous</h1>
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<hw>O*pif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opifer</ets>; <ets>ops</ets>, <ets>opis</ets>, help + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Bringing help.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Opifice</h1>
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<hw>Op"i*fice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opificium</ets>, fr. <ets>opifex</ets> workman. See <er>Office</er>.]</ety> <def>Workmanship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Opificer</h1>
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<hw>O*pif"i*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An artificer; a workman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The almighty <i>opificer</i>."

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Opinable</h1>
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<hw>O*pin"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opinabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being opined or thought.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Opination</h1>
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<hw>Op`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opinatio</ets>. See <er>Opine</er>,]</ety> <def>The act of thinking; a supposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Opinative</h1>
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<hw>O*pin"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Obstinate in holding opinions; opinionated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>O*pin"a*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Burton. Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Opinator</h1>
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<hw>Op"i*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One fond of his own opinious; one who holds an opinion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Opine</h1>
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<hw>O*pine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Opined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Opining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>opinari</ets>, p.p. <ets>opinatus</ets>; akin to <ets>opinus</ets> (in comp.) thinking, and perh. to E. <ets>apt</ets>: cf. F. <ets>opiner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To have an opinion; to judge; to think; to suppose.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Opiner</h1>
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<hw>O*pin"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who opines.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Opiniaster, Opiniatre</h1>
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<hw><hw>O`pin*ias"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O`pin*ia"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>opiniastre</ets>, F. <ets>opini\'83tre</ets>. See <er>Opinion</er>.]</ety> <def>Opinionated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Opiniastrous</h1>
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<hw>O`pin*ias"trous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Opiniaster</er>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>.</def>

<h1>Opinlate</h1>
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<hw>O*pin"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To hold or maintain persistently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Opiniated</h1>
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<hw>O*pin"ia*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opinionated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Opiniative</h1>
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<hw>O*pin"ia*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opinionative.</def> <i>Glanvill</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>O*pin"ia*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>O*pin"ia*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Opiniator, Opiniatre</h1>
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<hw><hw>O`pin*ia"tor</hw>, <hw>O`pin*ia"tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is opinionated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South. Barrow.</i>

<h1>Opiniatre</h1>
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<hw>O`pin*ia"tre</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Opiniaster</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Opiniatrety</h1>
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<hw>O`pin*iat"re*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>opini\'83tret\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Obstinacy in opinious.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>opiniatry</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Opinicus</h1>
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<hw>O*pin"i*cus</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>An imaginary animal borne as a charge, having wings, an eagle's head, and a short tail; -- sometimes represented without wings</def>.

<h1>Opining</h1>
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<hw>O*pin"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Opinion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Opinion</h1>
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<hw>O*pin"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from L. <ets>opinio</ets>. See <er>Opine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is opined; a notion or conviction founded on probable evidence; belief stronger than impression, less strong than positive knowledge; settled judgment in regard to any point of knowledge or action.</def>

<blockquote><b>Opinion</b> is when the assent of the understanding is so far gained by evidence of probability, that it rather inclines to one persussion than to another, yet not without a mixture of incertainty or doubting.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I can not put off my <b>opinion</b> so easily.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The judgment or sentiment which the mind forms of persons or things; estimation.</def>

<blockquote>I have bought golden <b>opinions</b> from all sorts of people.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Friendship . . . gives a man a peculiar right and claim to the good <b>opinion</b> of his friend.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>However, I have no <b>opinion</b> of those things.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Favorable estimation; hence, consideration; reputation; fame; public sentiment or esteem.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou hast redeemed thy lost <b>opinion</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This gained Agricola much <b>opinion</b>, who . . . had made such early progress into laborious . . . enterprises.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Obstinacy in holding to one's belief or impression; opiniativeness; conceitedness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law.)</fld> <def>The formal decision, or expression of views, of a judge, an umpire, a counselor, or other party officially called upon to consider and decide upon a matter or point submitted.</def>

<cs><col>To be of opinion</col>, <cd>to think; to judge.</cd> -- <col>To hold opinion with</col>, <cd>to agree with. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak<i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Sentiment; notion; persuasion; idea; view; estimation. See <er>Sentiment</er>.</syn>

<h1>Opinion</h1>
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<hw>O*pin"ion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To opine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Opinionable</h1>
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<hw>O*pin"ion*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being, or capable of being, a matter of opinion; that can be thought; not positively settled; <as>as, an <ex>opinionable</ex> doctrine</as>.</def>

<i>C. J. Ellicott.</i>

<h1>Opinionate</h1>
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<hw>O*pin"ion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opinionated.</def>

<h1>Opinionated</h1>
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<hw>O*pin"ion*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Stiff in opinion; firmly or unduly adhering to one's own opinion or to preconceived notions; obstinate in opinion.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Opinionately</h1>
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<hw>O*pin"ion*ate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Conceitedly.</def>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Opinionatist</h1>
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<hw>O*pin"ion*a*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An opinionist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Opinionative</h1>
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<hw>O*pin"ion*a*tive</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Unduly attached to one's own opinions; opinionated.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of the nature of an opinion; conjectured.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Things both <i>opinionative</i> and practical." <i>Bunyan</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>O*pin"ion*a*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>O*pin"ion*a*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Opinionator</h1>
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<hw>O*pin"ion*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An opinionated person; one given to conjecture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Opinioned</h1>
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<hw>O*pin"ioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Opinionated; conceited.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>opinioned</b> zeal which he thought judicious.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Opinionist</h1>
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<hw>O*pin"ion*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>opinioniste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One fond of his own notions, or unduly attached to his own opinions.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Opiparous</h1>
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<hw>O*pip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opiparus</ets>, fr. <ets>ops</ets>, <ets>opis</ets>, riches + <ets>parare</ets> to provide.]</ety> <def>Sumptuous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>O*pip"a*rous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>E. Waterhouse.</i>

<h1>Opisometer</h1>
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<hw>Op`i*som"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ backwards + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument with a revolving wheel for measuring a curved line, as on a map.</def>

<h1>Opisthion</h1>
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<hw>O*pis"thi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ hinder.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The middle of the posterior, or dorsal, margin of the great foramen of the skull.</def>

<h1>Opisthobranchia, Opisthobranchiata</h1>
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<hw><hw>O*pis`tho*bran"chi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O*pis`tho*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ behind + <?/ gills.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of gastropod Mollusca, in which the breathing organs are usually situated behind the heart. It includes the tectibranchs and nudibranchs.</def>

<h1>Opisthobranchiate</h1>
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<hw>O*pis`tho*bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Opisthobranchiata.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Opisthobranchiata.</def></def2>

<h1>Opisthoc\'d2lian, Opisthoc\'d2lous</h1>
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<hw><hw>O*pis`tho*c\'d2"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O*pis`tho*c\'d2"lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ behind + <?/ hollow,]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Concave behind; -- applied especially to vertebr\'91 in which the anterior end of the centrum is convex and the posterior concave.</def>

<h1>Opisthodome</h1>
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<hw>O*pis"tho*dome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opisthodomus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ behind + <grk>do`mos</grk> house: cf. F. <ets>opisthodome</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A back chamber; especially, that part of the naos, or cella, farthest from the main entrance, sometimes having an entrance of its own, and often used as a treasury.</def>

<h1>Opisthoglypha</h1>
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<hw>O*pis`tho*glyph"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ behind + <?/ to carve.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of serpents which have some of the posterior maxillary teeth grooved for fangs.</def>

<h1>Opisthography</h1>
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<hw>Op`is*thog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ behind + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A writing upon the back of anything, as upon the back of a leaf or sheet already written upon on one side.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Scudamore.</i>

<h1>Opisthomi</h1>
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<hw>Op`is*tho"mi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ behind + <?/ the shoulder.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of eellike fishes having the scapular arch attached to the vertebr\'91, but not connected with the skull.</def>

<h1>Opisthopulmonate</h1>
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<hw>O*pis`tho*pul"mo*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[Gr. <?/ behind + E. <ets>pulmonate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the pulmonary sac situated posteriorly; -- said of certain air-breathing Mollusca.</def>

<h1>Opisthotic</h1>
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<hw>Op`is*thot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ behind + <?/, <?/, ear.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The inferior and posterior of the three elements forming the periotic bone.</def>

<h1>Opisthotonos</h1>
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<hw>Op`is*thot"o*nos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ backwards + <?/ a stretching.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A tetanic spasm in which the body is bent backwards and stiffened.</def>

<h1>Opitulation</h1>
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<hw>O*pit`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opitulatio</ets>, fr. <ets>opitulari</ets> to bring help.]</ety> <def>The act of helping or aiding; help.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Opium</h1>
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<hw>O"pi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ poppy juice, dim. of <?/ vegetable juice.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The inspissated juice of the <spn>Papaver somniferum</spn>, or white poppy.</def>

<note>&hand; Opium is obtained from incisions made in the capsules of the plant, and the best flows from the first incision. It is imported into Europe and America chiefly from the Levant, and large quantities are sent to China from India, Persia, and other countries. It is of a brownish yellow color, has a faint smell, and bitter and acrid taste. It is a stimulant narcotic poison, which may produce hallicinations, profound sleep, or death. It is much used in medicine to soothe pain and inflammation, and is smoked as an intoxicant with baneful effects.</note>

<cs><col>Opium joint</col>, <cd>a low resort of opium smokers. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Ople tree</h1>
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<hw>O"ple tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>opulus</ets> a kind of maple tree.]</ety> <def>The witch-hazel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Opobalsam, Opobalsamum</h1>
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<hw><hw>Op`o*bal"sam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Op`o*bal"sa*mum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opobalsamum</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ vegetable juice + <?/ balsam.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The old name of the aromatic resinous juice of the <spn>Balsamodendron opobalsamum</spn>, now commonly called <altname>balm of Gilead</altname>. See under <er>Balm</er>.</def>

<h1>Opodeldoc</h1>
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<hw>Op`o*del"doc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called by Paracelsus. The first syllable may be fr. Gr. <?/ vegetable juice.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of plaster, said to have been invented by Mindererus, -- used for external injuries.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A saponaceous, camphorated liniment; a solution of soap in alcohol, with the addition of camphor and essential oils; soap liniment.</def>

<h1>Opopanax</h1>
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<hw>O*pop"a*nax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ vegetable juice + <?/, <?/. a kind of plant: cf. F. <ets>opopanax</ets>.]</ety> <def>The inspissated juice of an umbelliferous plant (the <spn>Opoponax Chironum</spn>), brought from Turkey and the East Indies in loose granules, or sometimes in larger masses, of a reddish yellow color, with specks of white. It has a strong smell and acrid taste, and was formerly used in medicine as an emmenagogue and antispasmodic.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Opossum</h1>
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<hw>O*pos"sum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of N. American Indian origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any American marsupial of the genera <spn>Didelphys</spn> and <spn>Chironectes</spn>. The common species of the United States is <spn>Didelphys Virginiana</spn>.</def><-- called also possum -->

<note>&hand; Several related species are found in South America. The water opossum of Brazil (<spn>Chironectes variegatus</spn>), which has the hind feet, webbed, is provided with a marsupial pouch and with cheek pouches. It is called also <altname>yapock</altname>.</note>

<cs><col>Opossum mouse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Flying mouse</cref>, under <er>Flying</er>.</cd> -- <col>Opossum shrimp</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any schizopod crustacean of the genus <spn>Mysis</spn> and allied genera. See <er>Schizopoda</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oppidan</h1>
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<hw>Op"pi*dan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oppidanus</ets>, fr. <ets>oppidum</ets> town.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a town.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Oppidan</h1>
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<hw>Op"pi*dan</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inhabitant of a town.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A student of Eton College, England, who is not a King's scholar, and who boards in a private family.</def>

<h1>Oppignerate</h1>
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<hw>Op*pig"ner*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oppigneratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>oppignerare</ets> to pawn. See <er>Ob-</er>, and <er>Pignerate</er>.]</ety> <def>To pledge; to pawn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Oppilate</h1>
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<hw>Op"pi*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Oppilated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Oppilating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>oppilatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>oppilare</ets> to stop up; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>pilare</ets> to ram down, to thrust.]</ety> <def>To crowd together; to fill with obstructions; to block up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Oppilation</h1>
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<hw>Op`pi*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oppilatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>opilation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of filling or crowding together; a stopping by redundant matter; obstruction, particularly in the lower intestines.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Oppilative</h1>
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<hw>Op`pi*la*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>opilatif</ets>. See <er>Oppilate</er>.]</ety> <def>Obstructive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Opplete, Oppleted</h1>
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<hw><hw>Op*plete"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Op*plet"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oppletus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>opplere</ets> to fill up; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>plere</ets> to fill.]</ety> <def>Filled; crowded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Oppletion</h1>
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<hw>Op*ple"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of filling up, or the state of being filled up; fullness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Oppone</h1>
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<hw>Op*pone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opponere</ets>. See <er>Opponent</er>.]</ety> <def>To oppose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Opponency</h1>
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<hw>Op*po"nen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of opening an academical disputation; the proposition of objections to a tenet, as an exercise for a degree.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Todd.</i>

<h1>Opponent</h1>
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<hw>Op*po"nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opponens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>opponere</ets> to set or place against, to oppose; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>ponere</ets> to place. See <er>Position</er>.]</ety> <def>Situated in front; opposite; hence, opposing; adverse; antagonistic.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Opponent</h1>
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<hw>Op*po"nent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who opposes; an adversary; an antagonist; a foe.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who opposes in a disputation, argument, or other verbal controversy; specifically, one who attacks some theirs or proposition, in distinction from the <i>respondent</i>, or <i>defendant</i>, who maintains it.</def>

<blockquote>How becomingly does Philopolis exercise his office, and seasonably commit the <b>opponent</b> with the respondent, like a long-practiced moderator!
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Antagonist; opposer; foe. See <er>Adversary</er>.</syn>

<h1>Opportune</h1>
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<hw>Op`por*tune"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>opporiun</ets>, L. <ets>opportunus</ets>, lit., at or before the port; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + a derivative of <ets>portus</ets> port, harbor. See <er>Port</er> harbor.]</ety> <def>Convenient; ready; hence, seasonable; timely.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>This is most <b>opportune</b> to our need.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Op`por*tune"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Op`por*tune"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Opportune</h1>
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<hw>Op`por*tune"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To suit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. Clerke(1637).</i>

<h1>Opportunism</h1>
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<hw>Op`por*tun"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>opportunisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or practice of taking advantage of opportunities or circumstances, or of seeking immediate advantage with little regard for ultimate consequences.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<h1>Opportunist</h1>
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<hw>Op`por*tun"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>opportuniste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who advocates or practices opportunism.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<h1>Opportunity</h1>
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<hw>Op`por*tu"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Opportunities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>opportunit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>opportunitas</ets>. See <er>Opportune</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fit or convenient time; a time or place favorable for executing a purpose; a suitable combination of conditions; suitable occasion; chance.</def>

<blockquote>A wise man will make more <b>opportunities</b> than he finds.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Convenience of situation; fitness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Hull, a town of great strength and <b>opportunity</b>, both to sea and land affairs.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Importunity; earnestness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Occasion; convenience; occurrence.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Opportunity</er>, <er>Occasion</er>. An <i>occasion</i> is that which falls in our way, or presents itself in the course of events; an <i>opportunity</i> is a convenience or fitness of time, place, etc., for the doing of a thing. Hence, <i>occasions</i> often make <i>opportunities</i>. The <i>occasion</i> of sickness may give <i>opportunity</i> for reflection.</usage>

<h1>Opposability</h1>
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<hw>Op*pos`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or quality of being opposable.</def>

<blockquote>In no savage have I ever seen the slightest approach to <b>opposability</b> of the great toe, which is the essential distinguishing feature of apes.
<i>A. R. Wallace.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Opposable</h1>
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<hw>Op*pos"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being opposed or resisted.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being placed opposite something else; <as>as, the thumb is <ex>opposable</ex> to the forefinger</as>.</def>

<h1>Opposal</h1>
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<hw>Op*pos"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Opposition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Oppose</h1>
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<hw>Op*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Opposed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Opposing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>opposer</ets>. See <er>Ob-</er>, <er>Pose</er>, and cf.2d <er>Appose</er>, <er>Puzzle</er>, <tt>n.</tt> Cf.L. <ets>opponere</ets>, <ets>oppositum</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place in front of, or over against; to set opposite; to exhibit.</def>

<blockquote>Her grace sat down . . .
In a rich chair of state; <b>opposing</b> freely
The beauty of her person to the people.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put in opposition, with a view to counterbalance or countervail; to set against; to offer antagonistically.</def>

<blockquote>I may . . . <b>oppose</b> my single opinion to his.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To resist or antagonize by physical means, or by arguments, etc.; to contend against; to confront; to resist; to withstand; <as>as, to <ex>oppose</ex> the king in battle; to <ex>oppose</ex> a bill in Congress.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To compete with; to strive against; <as>as, to <ex>oppose</ex> a rival for a prize</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I am . . . too weak
To <b>oppose</b> your cunning.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To combat; withstand; contradict; deny; gainsay; oppugn; contravene; check; obstruct.</syn>

<hr>
<page="1007">
Page 1007<p>

<h1>Oppose</h1>
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<hw>Op*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be set opposite.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act adversely or in opposition; -- with <i>against</i> or <i>to</i>; <as>as, a servant <ex>opposed</ex> against the act</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make objection or opposition in controversy.</def>

<h1>Opposeless</h1>
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<hw>Op*pose"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not to be effectually opposed; irresistible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Your great <i>opposeless</i> wills."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Opposer</h1>
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<hw>Op*pos"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who opposes; an opponent; an antagonist; an adversary.</def>

<h1>Opposite</h1>
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<hw>Op"po*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>oppositus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>opponere</ets>. See <er>Opponent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Placed over against; standing or situated over against or in front; facing; -- often with <i>to</i>; <as>as, a house <ex>opposite</ex> to the Exchange</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Applied to the other of two things which are entirely different; other; <as>as, the <ex>opposite</ex> sex; the <ex>opposite</ex> extreme.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Extremely different; inconsistent; contrary; repugnant; antagonistic.</def>

<blockquote>Novels, by which the reader is misled into another sort of pieasure <b>opposite</b> to that which is designed in an epic poem.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Particles of speech have divers, and sometimes almost <b>opposite</b>, significations.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Set over against each other, but separated by the whole diameter of the stem, as two leaves at the same node.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Placed directly in front of another part or organ, as a stamen which stands before a petal.</def>

<h1>Opposite</h1>
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<hw>Op"po*site</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who opposes; an opponent; an antagonist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>opposites</b> of this day's strife.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is opposed or contrary; <as>as, sweetness and its <ex>opposite</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The virtuous man meets with more <b>opposites</b> and opponents than any other.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oppositely</h1>
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<hw>Op"po*site*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a situation to face each other; in an opposite manner or direction; adversely.</def>

<blockquote>Winds from all quarters <b>oppositely</b> blow.
<i>May.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oppositeness</h1>
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<hw>Op"po*site*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being opposite.</def>

<h1>Oppositifolious</h1>
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<hw>Op*pos`i*ti*fo"li*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Opposite</er>, <er>Folious</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Placed at the same node with a leaf, but separated from it by the whole diameter of the stem; <as>as, an <ex>oppositifolious</ex> peduncle</as>.</def>

<h1>Opposition</h1>
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<hw>Op`po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>oppositio</ets>. See <er>Opposite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of opposing; an attempt to check, restrain, or defeat; resistance.</def>

<blockquote>The counterpoise of so great an <b>opposition</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Virtue which breaks through all <b>opposition</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being placed over against; situation so as to front something else.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Repugnance; contrariety of sentiment, interest, or purpose; antipathy.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which opposes; an obstacle; specifically, the aggregate of persons or things opposing; hence, in politics and parliamentary practice, the party opposed to the party in power.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The situation of a heavenly body with respect to another when in the part of the heavens directly opposite to it; especially, the position of a planet or satellite when its longitude differs from that of the sun 180&deg;; -- signified by the symbol <?/; <as>as, <?/ <Jupiter/ <Sun/, opposition of Jupiter to the sun</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The relation between two propositions when, having the same subject and predicate, they differ in quantity, or in quality, or in both; or between two propositions which have the same matter but a different form.</def>

<h1>Oppositionist</h1>
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<hw>Op`po*si"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who belongs to the opposition party.</def>

<i>Praed.</i>

<h1>Oppositipetalous</h1>
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<hw>Op*pos`i*ti*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Opposite</er>, and <er>Petal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Placed in front of a petal.</def>

<h1>Oppositisepalous</h1>
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<hw>Op*pos`i*ti*sep"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Opposite</er>, and <er>Sepal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Placed in front of a sepal.</def>

<h1>Oppositive</h1>
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<hw>Op*pos`i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>oppositif</ets>. See <er>Opposite</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being put in opposition.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Oppress</h1>
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<hw>Op*press"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Oppressed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Oppressing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>oppresser</ets>, LL. <ets>oppressare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>oppressus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>opprimere</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>premere</ets> to press. See <er>Press</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To impose excessive burdens upon; to overload; hence, to treat with unjust rigor or with cruelty.</def>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<blockquote>For thee, <b>oppress\'8ad</b> king, am I cast down.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Behold the kings of the earth; how they <b>oppress</b>
Thy chosen !
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To ravish; to violate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To put down; to crush out; to suppress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The mutiny he there hastes to <b>oppress</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To produce a sensation of weight in (some part of the body); <as>as, my lungs are <ex>oppressed</ex> by the damp air; excess of food <ex>oppresses</ex> the stomach</as></def>.

<h1>Oppression</h1>
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<hw>Op*pres"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>oppressio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of oppressing, or state of being oppressed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which oppresses; a hardship or injustice; cruelty; severity; tyranny.</def> "The multitude of <i>oppressions</i>."

<i>Job xxxv. 9.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sense of heaviness or obstruction in the body or mind; depression; dullness; lassitude; <as>as, an <ex>oppression</ex> of spirits; an <ex>oppression</ex> of the lungs.</as></def>

<blockquote>There gentlee Sleep
First found me, and with soft <b>oppression</b> seized
My drowsed sense.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Ravishment; rape.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Oppressive</h1>
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<hw>Op*press"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>oppressif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Unreasonably burdensome; unjustly severe, rigorous, or harsh; <as>as, <ex>oppressive</ex> taxes; <ex>oppressive</ex> exactions of service; an <ex>oppressive</ex> game law.</as></def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Using oppression; tyrannical; <as>as, <ex>oppressive</ex> authority or commands</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Heavy; overpowering; hard to be borne; <as>as, <ex>oppressive</ex> grief or woe</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To ease the soul of one <b>oppressive</b> weight.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Op*press"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Op*press"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Oppressor</h1>
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<hw>Op*press"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who oppresses; one who imposes unjust burdens on others; one who harasses others with unjust laws or unreasonable severity.</def>

<blockquote>The orphan pines while the <b>oppressor</b> feeds.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To relieve the oppressed and to punish the <b>oppressor</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oppressure</h1>
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<hw>Op*pres"sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Oppression.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Opprobrious</h1>
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<hw>Op*pro"bri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opprobriosus</ets>, fr. <ets>opprobrium</ets>. See <er>Opprobrium</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Expressive of opprobrium; attaching disgrace; reproachful; scurrilous; <as>as, <ex>opprobrious</ex> language</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They . . . vindicate themselves in terms no less <b>opprobrious</b> than those by which they are attacked.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Infamous; despised; rendered hateful; <as>as, an <ex>opprobrious</ex> name</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This dark, <b>opprobrious</b> den of shame.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Op*pro"bri*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Op*pro"bri*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Opprobrium</h1>
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<hw>Op*pro"bri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>probrum</ets> reproach, disgrace.]</ety> <def>Disgrace; infamy; reproach mingled with contempt; abusive language.</def>

<blockquote>Being both dramatic author and dramatic performer, he found himself heir to a twofold <b>opprobrium</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Opprobry</h1>
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<hw>Op*pro"bry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Opprobrium.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Oppugn</h1>
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<hw>Op*pugn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Oppugned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Oppugning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>oppugner</ets>, L. <ets>oppugnare</ets>; <ets>ob</ets> (see <er>Ob-</er>) + <ets>pugnare</ets> to fight. See <er>Impugn</er>.]</ety> <def>To fight against; to attack; to be in conflict with; to oppose; to resist.</def>

<blockquote>They said the manner of their impeachment they could not but conceive did <b>oppugn</b> the rights of Parliament.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oppugnancy</h1>
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<hw>Op*pug"nan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Oppugnant</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of oppugning; opposition; resistance.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Oppugnant</h1>
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<hw>Op*pug"nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oppugnans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>oppugnare</ets>. See <er>Oppugn</er>.]</ety> <def>Tending to awaken hostility; hostile; opposing; warring.</def> "<i>Oppugnant</i> forces." <i>I. Taylor</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An opponent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Coleridge</i>.</def2>

<h1>Oppugnation</h1>
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<hw>Op`pug*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oppugnatio</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>oppugnation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Opposition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Oppugner</h1>
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<hw>Op*pugn"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who opposes or attacks; that which opposes.</def>

<i>Selden.</i>

<h1>Opsimathy</h1>
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<hw>Op*sim"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Education late in life.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hales.</i>

<h1>Opsiometer</h1>
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<hw>Op`si*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sight + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>opsiom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the limits of distincts vision in different individuals, and thus determiming the proper focal length of a lens for correcting imperfect sight.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Opsonation</h1>
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<hw>Op`so*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opsonatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A catering; a buying of provisions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Optable</h1>
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<hw>Op"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>optabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>That may be chosen; desirable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Optate</h1>
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<hw>Op"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>optatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>optare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To choose; to wish for; to desire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Optation</h1>
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<hw>Op*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>optatio</ets>. See <er>Option</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of optating; a wish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Optative</h1>
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<hw>Op"ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>optativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>optatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expressing desire or wish.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<cs><col>Optative mood</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>that mood or form of a verb, as in Greek, Sanskrit, etc., in which a wish or desire is expressed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Optative</h1>
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<hw>Op"ta*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>optatif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Something to be desired.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The optative mood; also, a verb in the optative mood.</def>

<h1>Optatively</h1>
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<hw>Op"ta*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an optative manner; with the expression of desire.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>God blesseth man imperatively, and man blesseth God <b>optatively</b>.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Optic</h1>
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<hw>Op"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Optic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The organ of sight; an eye.</def>

<blockquote>The difference is as great between
The <b>optics</b> seeing, as the object seen.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An eyeglass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Herbert.</i>

<h1>Optic, Optical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Op"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Op"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>optique</ets>, Gr. <?/; akin to <?/ sight, <?/ I have seen, <?/ I shall see, and to <?/ the two eyes, <?/ face, L. <ets>oculus</ets> eye. See <er>Ocular</er>, <er>Eye</er>, and cf. <er>Canopy</er>, <er>Ophthalmia</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to vision or sight.</def>

<blockquote>The moon, whose orb
Through <b>optic</b> glass the Tuscan artist views.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the eye; ocular; <as>as, the <ex>optic</ex> nerves (the first pair of cranial nerves) which are distributed to the retina</as>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Brain</er>, and <er>Eye</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Relating to the science of optics; <as>as, <ex>optical</ex> works</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Optic angle</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the angle included between the optic axes of the two eyes when directed to the same point; -- sometimes called <altname>binocular parallax</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Optic axis</col>. <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A line drawn through the center of the eye perpendicular to its anterior and posterior surfaces. In a normal eye it is in the direction of the optic axis that objects are most distinctly seen.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The line in a doubly refracting crystal, in the direction of which no double refraction occurs. A uniaxial crystal has one such line, a biaxial crystal has two.</cd> -- <col>Optical circle</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>a graduated circle used for the measurement of angles in optical experiments.</cd> -- <col>Optical square</col>, <cd>a surveyor's instrument with reflectors for laying off right angles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Optically</h1>
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<hw>Op"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By optics or sight; with reference to optics.</def>

<-- def. of Optically active needs rewriting -->
<cs><mcol><col>Optically active</col>, <col>Optically inactive</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem. Physics)</fld>, <cd>terms used of certain metameric substances which, while identical with each other in other respects, differ in this, viz., that they do or do not produce right-handed or left-handed circular polarization of light.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Optically positive</col>, <col>Optically negative</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Refraction</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Optician</h1>
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<hw>Op*ti"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>opticien</ets>. See <er>Optic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One skilled in optics.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>A. Smith.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who deals in optical glasses and instruments.</def>

<h1>Optics</h1>
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<hw>Op"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>optique</ets>, L. <ets>optice</ets>, Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/). See <er>Optic</er>.]</ety> <def>That branch of physical science which treats of the nature and properties of light, the laws of its modification by opaque and transparent bodies, and the phenomena of vision.</def>

<h1>Optigraph</h1>
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<hw>Op"ti*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Optic</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>: cf. F. <ets>opticographe</ets>. See <er>Optic</er>, <tt>a.</tt> ]</ety> <def>A telescope with a diagonal eyepiece, suspended vertically in gimbals by the object end beneath a fixed diagonal plane mirror. It is used for delineating landscapes, by means of a pencil at the eye end which leaves the delineation on paper.</def>

<h1>Optimacy</h1>
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<hw>Op"ti*ma*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>optimatie</ets>. See <er>Optimate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Government by the nobility.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Collectively, the nobility.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Optimate</h1>
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<hw>Op"ti*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>optimas</ets>, <ets>-atis</ets>, adj., <ets>optimates</ets>, n. pl., the adherents of the best men, the aristocrats, fr. <ets>optimus</ets> the best.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the nobility or aristocracy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A nobleman or aristocrat; a chief man in a state or city.</def></def2> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Optimates</h1>
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<hw>Op`ti*ma"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Optimate</er>.]</ety> <def>The nobility or aristocracy of ancient Rome, as opposed to the <i>populares</i>.</def>

<h1>Optime</h1>
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<hw>Op"ti*me</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., adv. fr. <ets>optimus</ets> the best.]</ety> <def>One of those who stand in the second rank of honors, immediately after the wranglers, in the University of Cambridge, England. They are divided into senior and junior optimes.</def>

<h1>Optimism</h1>
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<hw>Op"ti*mism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>optimus</ets> the best; akin to <ets>optio</ets> choice: cf. F. <ets>optimisme</ets>. See <er>Option</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The opinion or doctrine that everything in nature, being the work of God, is ordered for the best, or that the ordering of things in the universe is such as to produce the highest good.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A disposition to take the most hopeful view; -- opposed to <i>pessimism</i>.</def>

<h1>Optimist</h1>
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<hw>Op"ti*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>optimiste</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>One who holds the opinion that all events are ordered for the best.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who looks on the bright side of things, or takes hopeful views; -- opposed to <i>pessimist</i>.</def>

<h1>Optimisttic</h1>
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<hw>Op`ti*mist"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to optimism; tending, or conforming, to the opinion that all events are ordered for the best.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hopeful; sanguine; <as>as, an <ex>optimistic</ex> view</as>.</def>

<h1>Optimity</h1>
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<hw>Op*tim"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>optimitas</ets>, fr. <ets>optimus</ets> the best.]</ety> <def>The state of being best.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Option</h1>
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<hw>Op"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>optio</ets>; akin to <ets>optare</ets> to choose, wish, <ets>optimus</ets> best, and perh. to E. <ets>apt</ets>: cf. F. <ets>option</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The power of choosing; the right of choice or election; an alternative.</def>

<blockquote>There is an <b>option</b> left to the United States of America, whether they will be respectable and prosperous, or contemptible and miserable, as a nation.
<i>Washington.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The exercise of the power of choice; choice.</def>

<blockquote>Transplantation must proceed from the <b>option</b> of the people, else it sounds like an exile.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A wishing; a wish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Ch. of Eng.)</fld> <def>A right formerly belonging to an archbishop to select any one dignity or benefice in the gift of a suffragan bishop consecrated or confirmed by him, for bestowal by himself when next vacant; -- annulled by Parliament in 1845.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>A stipulated privilege, given to a party in a time contract, of demanding its fulfillment on any day within a specified limit.</def>

<cs><col>Buyer's option</col>, <cd>an option allowed to one who contracts to buy stocks at a certain future date and at a certain price, to demand the delivery of the stock (giving one day's notice) at any previous time at the market price.</cd> -- <col>Seller's option</col>, <cd>an option allowed to one who contracts to deliver stock art a certain price on a certain future date, to deliver it (giving one day's notice) at any previous time at the market price. Such options are privileges for which a consideration is paid.</cd> -- <col>Local option</col>. <cd>See under <er>Local</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Choice; preference; selection.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Option</er>, <er>Choice</er>. <i>Choice</i> is an act of choosing; <i>option</i> often means liberty to choose, and implies freedom from constraint in the act of choosing.</usage>

<h1>Optional</h1>
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<hw>Op"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Involving an option; depending on the exercise of an option; left to one's discretion or choice; not compulsory; <as>as, <ex>optional</ex> studies; it is <ex>optional</ex> with you to go or stay.</as></def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Elective</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def></def2>

<blockquote>If to the former the movement was not <b>optional</b>, it was the same that the latter chose when it was <b>optional</b>.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Original writs are either <b>optional</b> or peremptory.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Optionally</h1>
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<hw>Op"tion*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an optional manner.</def>

<h1>Optoc\'d2le, Optoc\'d2lia</h1>
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<hw><hw>Op"to*c\'d2le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Op`to*c\'d2"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>optocoelia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ optic + <?/ a hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The cavity of one of the optic lobes of the brain in many animals.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Optogram</h1>
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<hw>Op"to*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Opt</ets>ic + <ets>-gram</ets>: cf. F. <ets>optogramme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An image of external objects fixed on the retina by the photochemical action of light on the visual purple. See <er>Optography</er>.</def>

<h1>Optography</h1>
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<hw>Op*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Opt</ets>ic + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The production of an optogram on the retina by the photochemical action of light on the visual purple; the fixation of an image in the eye. The object so photographed shows white on a purple or red background. See <cref>Visual purple</cref>, under <er>Visual</er>.</def>

<h1>Optometer</h1>
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<hw>Op*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Opt</ets>ic + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the distance of distinct vision, mainly for the selection of eveglasses.</def>

<h1>Opulence</h1>
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<hw>Op"u*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opulentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>opulence</ets>. See <er>Opulent</er>.]</ety> <def>Wealth; riches; affluence.</def>

<i>Swift</i>

<h1>Opulency</h1>
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<hw>Op"u*len*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Opulence</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Opulent</h1>
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<hw>Op"u*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opulens</ets>, <ets>opulentus</ets>, fr. <ets>ops</ets>, <ets>opis</ets>, power, wealth, riches, perh. akin to E. <ets>apt</ets>: cf. F. <ets>opulent</ets>.  Cf. <er>Copious</er>, <er>Couple</er>, <er>Office</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a large estate or property; wealthy; rich; affluent; <as>as, an <ex>opulent</ex> city; an <ex>opulent</ex> citizen</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Op"u*lent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>I will piece
Her <b>opulent</b> throne with kingdoms.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Opuntia</h1>
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<hw>O*pun"ti*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of cactaceous plants; the prickly pear, or Indian fig.</def>

<h1>Opus</h1>
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<hw>O"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Opera</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Opera</er>.]</ety> <def>A work; specif. <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, a musical composition.</def>

<note>&hand; Each composition, or set of pieces, as the composer may choose, is called an <i>opus</i>, and they are numbered in the order of their issue. (Often abbrev. to <abbr>op.</abbr>)</note>

<hr>
<page="1008">
Page 1008<p>

<cs><col>Opus incertum</col>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Incertum</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Opuscle, Opuscule</h1>
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<hw><hw>O*pus"cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O*pus"cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>opusculum</ets>, dim. of <ets>opus</ets> work: cf. F. <ets>opuscule</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small or petty work.</def>

<h1>Opusculum</h1>
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<hw>O*pus"cu*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Opuscula</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>An opuscule.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Opye</h1>
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<hw>O"pye</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Opium.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Oquassa</h1>
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<hw>O*quas"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, handsome trout (<spn>Salvelinus oquassa</spn>), found in some of the lakes in Maine; -- called also <altname>blueback trout</altname>.</def>

<h1>-or</h1>
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<hw>-or</hw>. <ety>[L. <ets>-or</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>-or</ets>, <ets>-ur</ets>, <ets>-our</ets>, F. <ets>-eur</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A noun suffix denoting an <i>act</i>; a <i>state</i> or <i>quality</i>; as in err<i>or</i>, ferv<i>or</i>, pall<i>or</i>, cand<i>or</i>, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A noun suffix denoting an <i>agent</i> or <i>doer</i>; as in audit<i>or</i>, one who hears; don<i>or</i>, one who gives; oblig<i>or</i>, elevat<i>or</i>. It is correlative to <i>-ee</i>. In general <i>-or</i> is appended to words of Latin, and <i>-er</i> to those of English, origin. See <er>-er</er>.</def>

<h1>Or</h1>
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<hw>Or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>or</ets>, <ets>outher</ets>, <ets>other</ets>, <ets>auther</ets>, either, or, AS. <ets>\'bew<?/er</ets>, contr. from <ets>\'behw\'91<?/er</ets>; <ets>\'be</ets> aye + <ets>hw\'91<?/er</ets> whether. See <er>Aye</er>, and <er>Whether</er>, and cf. <er>Either</er>.]</ety> <def>A particle that marks an alternative; <as>as, you may read <ex>or</ex> may write, -- that is, you may do one of the things at your pleasure, but not both</as>. It corresponds to <i>either</i>. You may ride <i>either</i> to London <i>or</i> to Windsor. It often connects a series of words or propositions, presenting a choice of either; <as>as, he may study law, <ex>or</ex> medicine, <ex>or</ex> divinity, <ex>or</ex> he may enter into trade</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If man's convenience, health,
<b>Or</b> safety interfere, his rights and claims
Are paramount.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Or</i> may be used to join as alternatives terms expressing unlike things or ideas (as, is the orange sour <i>or</i> sweet?), or different terms expressing the same thing or idea; as, this is a sphere, <i>or</i> globe.</note>

<note>&hand; <i>Or</i> sometimes begins a sentence. In this case it expresses an alternative or subjoins a clause differing from the foregoing. "<i>Or</i> what man is there of you, who, if his son shall ask him for a loaf, will give him a stone?"  <i>Matt. vii. 9 (Rev. Ver. ).</i>

   <i>Or</i> for <i>either</i> is archaic or poetic.

<blockquote>Maugre thine heed, thou must for indigence
<b>Or</b> steal, <b>or</b> beg, <b>or</b> borrow thy dispence.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>
</note>

<h1>Or</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or</hw>, <tt>prep. & adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets><?/r</ets> ere, before. &root;204. See <er>Ere</er>, <tt>prep. & adv.</tt>]</ety> <def>Ere; before; sooner than.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>But natheless, while I have time and space,
<b>Or</b> that I forther in this tale pace.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Or ever</col>, <col>Or ere</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Ever</er>, and <er>Ere</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Or</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>aurum</ets> gold. Cf. <er>Aureate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Yellow or gold color, -- represented in drawing or engraving by small dots.</def>

<h1>Ora</h1>
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<hw>O"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. See 2d <er>Ore</er>.]</ety> <def>A money of account among the Anglo-Saxons, valued, in the Domesday Book, at twenty pence sterling.</def>

<h1>Orabassu</h1>
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<hw>O`ra*bas"su</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American monkey of the genus <spn>Callithrix</spn>, esp.</def>

<i>C. Moloch.</i>

<h1>Orach, Orache</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw><hw>Or"ach</hw>, <hw>Or"ache</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arroche</ets>, corrupted fr. L. <ets>atriplex</ets>, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Arrach</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus (<spn>Atriplex</spn>) of herbs or low shrubs of the Goosefoot family, most of them with a mealy surface.</def>

<cs><col>Garden orache</col>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Atriplex hortensis</spn>), often used as a pot herb; -- also called <altname>mountain spinach</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oracle</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or"a*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>oraculum</ets>, fr. <ets>orare</ets> to speak, utter, pray, fr. <ets>os</ets>, <ets>oris</ets>, mouth. See <er>Oral</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The answer of a god, or some person reputed to be a god, to an inquiry respecting some affair or future event, as the success of an enterprise or battle.</def>

<blockquote>Whatso'er she saith, for <b>oracles</b> must stand.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: The deity who was supposed to give the answer; also, the place where it was given.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>oracles</b> are dumb;
No voice or hideous hum
Runs through the arched roof in words deceiving.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The communications, revelations, or messages delivered by God to the prophets; also, the entire sacred Scriptures -- usually in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>The first principles of the <b>oracles</b> of God.
<i>Heb. v. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld> <def>The sanctuary, or Most Holy place in the temple; also, the temple itself.</def>

<i>1 Kings vi. 19.</i>

<blockquote>Siloa's brook, that flow'd
Fast by the <b>oracle</b> of God.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>One who communicates a divine command; an angel; a prophet.</def>

<blockquote>God hath now sent his living <b>oracle</b>
Into the world to teach his final will.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Any person reputed uncommonly wise; one whose decisions are regarded as of great authority; <as>as, a literary <ex>oracle</ex></as>.</def> "<i>Oracles</i> of mode."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>The country rectors . . . thought him an <b>oracle</b> on points of learning.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A wise sentence or decision of great authority.</def>

<h1>Oracle</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or"a*cle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Oracled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Oracling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To utter oracles.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Oracular</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>O*rac"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oracularius</ets>. See <er>Oracle</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an oracle; uttering oracles; forecasting the future; <as>as, an <ex>oracular</ex> tongue</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling an oracle in some way, as in solemnity, wisdom, authority, obscurity, ambiguity, dogmatism.</def>

<blockquote>They have something venerable and <b>oracular</b> in that unadorned gravity and shortness in the expression.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>O*rac"u*lar*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>O*rac"u*lar*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Oraculous</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>O*rac"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Oracular; of the nature of an oracle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Equivocations, or <i>oraculous</i> speeches." <i>Bacon</i>. "The <i>oraculous</i> seer." <i>Pope</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>O*rac"u*lous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>O*rac"u*lous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Oragious</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>O*ra"gious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>orageux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Stormy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Oraison</h1>
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<hw>Or"ai*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Orison</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Oral</h1>
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<hw>O"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>os</ets>, <ets>oris</ets>, the mouth, akin to Skr. <ets>\'bes</ets>. Cf. <er>Adore</er>, <er>Orison</er>, <er>Usher</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Uttered by the mouth, or in words; spoken, not written; verbal; <as>as, <ex>oral</ex> traditions; <ex>oral</ex> testimony; <ex>oral</ex> law.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the mouth; surrounding or lining the mouth; <as>as, <ex>oral</ex> cilia or cirri</as>.</def>

<h1>Orally</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>O"ral*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an oral manner.</def>

<i>Tillotson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By, with, or in, the mouth; <as>as, to receive the sacrament <ex>orally</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Usher.</i>

<h1>Orang</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>O*rang"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Orang-outang</er>.</def>

<h1>Orange</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or"ange</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.; cf. It. <ets>arancia</ets>, <ets>arancio</ets>, LL. <ets>arangia</ets>, Sp. <ets>naranjia</ets>, Pg. <ets>laranja</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>n\'beranj</ets>, Per. <ets>n\'beranj</ets>, <ets>n\'berang</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>n\'beranga</ets> orange tree. The <ets>o-</ets> in F. <ets>orange</ets> is due to confusion with <ets>or</ets> gold, L. <ets>aurum</ets>, because the orange resembles gold in color.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The fruit of a tree of the genus <spn>Citrus</spn> (<spn>C. Aurantium</spn>). It is usually round, and consists of pulpy carpels, commonly ten in number, inclosed in a leathery rind, which is easily separable, and is reddish yellow when ripe.</def>

<note>&hand; There are numerous varieties of oranges; as, the <stype>bitter orange</stype>, which is supposed to be the original stock; the <stype>navel orange</stype>, which has the rudiment of a second orange imbedded in the top of the fruit; the <stype>blood orange</stype>, with a reddish juice; and the <stype>horned orange</stype>, in which the carpels are partly separated.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The tree that bears oranges; the orange tree.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The color of an orange; reddish yellow.</def>

<cs><col>Mandarin orange</col>. <cd>See <er>Mandarin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mock orange</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any species of shrubs of the genus <spn>Philadelphus</spn>, which have whitish and often fragrant blossoms.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Native orange</col>, &or; <col>Orange thorn</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an Australian shrub (<spn>Citriobatus parviflorus</spn>); also, its edible yellow berries.</cd> -- <col>Orange bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a tanager of Jamaica (<spn>Tanagra zena</spn>); -- so called from its bright orange breast.</cd> -- <col>Orange cowry</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, handsome cowry (<spn>Cypr\'91a aurantia</spn>), highly valued by collectors of shells on account of its rarity.</cd> -- <col>Orange grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an inconspicuous annual American plant (<spn>Hypericum Sarothra</spn>), having minute, deep yellow flowers.</cd> -- <col>Orange oil</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an oily, terpenelike substance obtained from orange rind, and distinct from neroli oil, which is obtained from the flowers.</cd> -- <col>Orange pekoe</col>, <cd>a kind of black tea.</cd> -- <col>Orange pippin</col>, <cd>an orange-colored apple with acid flavor.</cd> -- <col>Quito orange</col>, <cd>the orangelike fruit of a shrubby species of nightshade (<spn>Solanum Quitoense</spn>), native in Quito.</cd> -- <col>Orange scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>any species of scale insects which infests orange trees; especially, the purple scale (<spn>Mytilaspis citricola</spn>), the long scale (<spn>M. Gloveri</spn>), and the red scale (<spn>Aspidiotus Aurantii</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Orange</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or"ange</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an orange; of the color of an orange; reddish yellow; <as>as, an <ex>orange ribbon</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Orangeade</h1>
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<hw>Or`ange*ade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>orange</ets>.]</ety> <def>A drink made of orange juice and water, corresponding to <i>lemonade</i>; orange sherbet.</def>

<h1>Orangeat</h1>
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<hw>Or`an*geat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>orange</ets>.]</ety> <def>Candied orange peel; also, orangeade.</def>

<h1>Orangeism</h1>
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<hw>Or"ange*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Attachment to the principles of the society of Orangemen; the tenets or practices of the Orangemen.</def>

<h1>Orangeman</h1>
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<hw>Or"ange*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-men</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One of a secret society, organized in the north of Ireland in 1795, the professed objects of which are the defense of the regning sovereign of Great Britain, the support of the Protestant religion, the maintenance of the laws of the kingdom, etc.; -- so called in honor of William, Prince of Orange, who became William III. of England.</def>

<h1>Orangeroot</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or"ange*root`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American ranunculaceous plant (<spn>Hidrastis Canadensis</spn>), having a yellow tuberous root; -- also called <altname>yellowroot</altname>, <altname>golden seal</altname>, etc.</def>

<h1>Orangery</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or"an*ger*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>orangerie</ets>, fr. <ets>orange</ets>. See <er>Orange</er>.]</ety> <def>A place for raising oranges; a plantation of orange trees.</def>

<h1>Orangetawny</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or"ange*taw`ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Deep orange-yellow; dark yellow.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Orangite</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or"an*gite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An orange-yellow variety of the mineral thorite, found in Norway.</def>

<h1>Orang-outang</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>O*rang"-ou*tang`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malayan <ets><?/rang <?/tan</ets>, i. e., man of the woods; <ets><?/rang</ets> man + <ets><?/tan</ets> a forest, wood, wild, savage.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An arboreal anthropoid ape (<spn>Simia satyrus</spn>), which inhabits Borneo and Sumatra. Often called simply <altname>orang</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>orang-outan</asp>, <asp>orang-utan</asp>, <asp>ourang-utang</asp>, and <asp>oran-utan</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; It is over four feet high, when full grown, and has very long arms, which reach nearly or quite to the ground when the body is erect. Its color is reddish brown. In structure, it closely resembles man in many respects.</note>

<h1>Orarian</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>O*ra"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>orarius</ets>, fr. <ets>ora</ets> coast.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a coast.</def>

<h1>Oration</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>O*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>oratio</ets>, fr. <ets>orare</ets> to speak, utter, pray. See <er>Oral</er>, <er>Orison</er>.]</ety> <def>An elaborate discourse, delivered in public, treating an important subject in a formal and dignified manner; especially, a discourse having reference to some special occasion, as a funeral, an anniversary, a celebration, or the like; -- distinguished from an argument in court, a popular harangue, a sermon, a lecture, etc.; <as>as, Webster's <ex>oration</ex> at Bunker Hill</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The lord archbishop . . . made a long <b>oration</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Address; speech. See <er>Harangue</er>.</syn>

<h1>Oration</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>O*ra"tion</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To deliver an oration.</def>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Orator</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or"a*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>orare</ets> to speak, utter. See <er>Oration</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A public speaker; one who delivers an oration; especially, one distinguished for his skill and power as a public speaker; one who is eloquent.</def>

<blockquote>I am no <b>orator</b>, as Brutus is.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some <b>orator</b> renowned
In Athens or free Rome.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In equity proceedings, one who prays for relief; a petitioner.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A plaintiff, or complainant, in a bill in chancery.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eng. Universities)</fld> <def>An officer who is the voice of the university upon all public occasions, who writes, reads, and records all letters of a public nature, presents, with an appropriate address, those persons on whom honorary degrees are to be conferred, and performs other like duties; -- called also <altname>public orator</altname>.</def>

<h1>Oratorial</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or`a*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Oratorical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Swift</i>.  --<wordforms><wf>Or`a*to"ri*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Oratorian</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or`a*to"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Oratorical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. North.</i>

<h1>Oratorian</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or`a*to"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>oratorien</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Fathers of the Oratory</cref>, under <er>Oratory</er>.</def>

<h1>Oratorical</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or`a*tor"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an orator or to oratory; characterized by oratory; rhetorical; becoming to an orator; <as>as, an <ex>oratorical</ex> triumph; an <ex>oratorical</ex> essay.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Or`a*tor"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Oratorio</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or`a*to"ri*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. L. <ets>oratorius</ets> belonging to praying. See <er>Orator</er>, and cf. <er>Oratory</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A more or less dramatic text or poem, founded on some Scripture nerrative, or great divine event, elaborately set to music, in recitative, arias, grand choruses, etc., to be sung with an orchestral accompaniment, but without action, scenery, or costume, although the oratorio grew out of the Mysteries and the Miracle and Passion plays, which were acted.</def>

<note>&hand; There are instances of secular and mythological subjects treated in the form of the oratorios, and called oratorios by their composers; as Haydn's "Seasons," Handel's "Semele," etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Performance or rendering of such a composition.</def>

<h1>Oratorious</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or`a*to"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>oratorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Oratorical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Jer. Taylor</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Or`a*to"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Oratorize</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or"a*tor*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To play the orator.</def> <mark>[Jocose or derisive]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Oratory</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Oratories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>oratorie</ets>, fr. L. <ets>oratorium</ets>, fr. <ets>oratorius</ets> of praying, of an orator: cf. F. <ets>oratoire</ets>. See <er>Orator</er>, <er>Oral</er>, and cf. <er>Oratorio</er>.]</ety> <def>A place of orisons, or prayer; especially, a chapel or small room set apart for private devotions.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>oratory</b> [temple] . . . in worship of Dian.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Do not omit thy prayers for want of a good <b>oratory</b>, or place to pray in.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fathers of the Oratory</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>a society of priests founded by St. Philip Neri, living in community, and not bound by a special vow. The members are called also <altname>oratorians</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oratory</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or"a*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oratoria</ets> (sc. <ets>ars</ets>) the oratorical art.]</ety> <def>The art of an orator; the art of public speaking in an eloquent or effective manner; the exercise of rhetorical skill in oral discourse; eloquence.</def> "The <i>oratory</i> of Greece and Rome."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>When a world of men
Could not prevail with all their <b>oratory</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oratress</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or"a*tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who makes public addresses.</def>

<i>Warner.</i>

<h1>Oratrix</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Or"a*trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A woman plaintiff, or complainant, in equity pleading.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Orb</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Orb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>orb</ets> blind, fr. L. <ets>orbus</ets> destitute.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A blank window or panel</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Oxf. Gloss.</i>

<h1>Orb</h1>
<Xpage=1008>

<hw>Orb</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>orbe</ets>, fr. L. <ets>orbis</ets> circle, orb. Cf. <er>Orbit</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A spherical body; a globe; especially, one of the celestial spheres; a sun, planet, or star.</def>

<blockquote>In the small <b>orb</b> of one particular tear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whether the prime <b>orb</b>,
Incredible how swift, had thither rolled.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the azure transparent spheres conceived by the ancients to be inclosed one within another, and to carry the heavenly bodies in their revolutions.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A circle; esp., a circle, or nearly circular orbit, described by the revolution of a heavenly body; an orbit.</def>

<blockquote>The schoolmen were like astronomers, which did feign eccentrics, and epicycles, and such engines of <b>orbs</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You seem to me as Dian in her <b>orb</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In <b>orbs</b>
Of circuit inexpressible they stood,
<b>Orb</b> within <b>orb</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A period of time marked off by the revolution of a heavenly body.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The eye, as luminous and spherical.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>A drop serene hath quenched their <b>orbs</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A revolving circular body; a wheel.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>orbs</b>
Of his fierce chariot rolled.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A sphere of action.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<blockquote>But in our <b>orbs</b> we'll live so round and safe.
<i>Shak</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Same as <er>Mound</er>, a ball or globe. See lst <er>Mound</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="1009">
Page 1009<p>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A body of soldiers drawn up in a circle, as for defense, esp. infantry to repel cavalry.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Globe; ball; sphere. See <er>Globe</er>.</syn>

<h1>Orb</h1>
<Xpage=1009>

<hw>Orb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Orbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Orbing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form into an orb or circle.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Milton. Lowell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To encircle; to surround; to inclose.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>The wheels were <b>orbed</b> with gold.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Orb</h1>
<Xpage=1009>

<hw>Orb</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become round like an orb.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>And <b>orb</b> into the perfect star.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Orbate</h1>
<Xpage=1009>

<hw>Or"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>orbatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>orbare</ets> to bereave, fr. <ets>orbus</ets> bereaved of parents or children. See <er>Orphan</er>.]</ety> <def>Bereaved; fatherless; childless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Orbation</h1>
<Xpage=1009>

<hw>Or*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>orbatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being orbate, or deprived of parents or children; privation, in general; bereavement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Orbed</h1>
<Xpage=1009>

<hw>Orbed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the form of an orb; round.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>orb\'8ad</b> eyelids are let down.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Orbic, Orbical</h1>
<Xpage=1009>

<hw><hw>Or"bic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Or"bic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>orbicus</ets>, or <ets>orbitus</ets>, fr. <ets>orbis</ets> orb.]</ety> <def>Spherical; orbicular; orblike; circular.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Orbicle</h1>
<Xpage=1009>

<hw>Or"bi*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>orbiculus</ets>, dim. of <ets>orbis</ets> orb.]</ety> <def>A small orb, or sphere.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>G. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Orbicula</h1>
<Xpage=1009>

<hw>Or*bic"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Orbicle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Discina</er>.</def>

<h1>Orbicular</h1>
<Xpage=1009>

<hw>Or*bic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>orbicularis</ets>, fr. <ets>orbiculus</ets>, dim. of <ets>orbis</ets> orb: cf. F. <ets>orbiculaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling or having the form of an orb; spherical; circular; orbiculate.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Or*bic"u*lar*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Or*bic"u*lar*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote><b>Orbicular</b> as the disk of a planet.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Orbiculate</h1>
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<hw>Or*bic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is orbiculate; especially, a solid the vertical section of which is oval, and the horizontal section circular.</def>

<h1>Orbiculate, Orbiculated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Or*bic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Or*bic"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>orbiculatus</ets>. See <er>Orbicular</er>.]</ety> <def>Made, or being, in the form of an orb; having a circular, or nearly circular, or a spheroidal, outline.</def>

<cs><col>Orbiculate leaf</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leaf whose outline is nearly circular.</cd></cs>

<h1>Orbiculation</h1>
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<hw>Or*bic`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being orbiculate; orbicularness.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Orbit</h1>
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<hw>Or"bit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>orbita</ets> a track or rut made by a wheel, course, circuit, fr. <ets>orbis</ets> a circle: cf. F. <ets>orbite</ets>. See 2d <er>Orb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The path described by a heavenly body in its periodical revolution around another body; <as>as, the <ex>orbit</ex> of Jupiter, of the earth, of the moon</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An orb or ball.</def> <mark>[Rare & Improper]</mark>

<blockquote>Roll the lucid <b>orbit</b> of an eye.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The skin which surrounds the eye of a bird.</def>

<h1>Orbital</h1>
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<hw>Or"bit*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an orbit.</def> "<i>Orbital</i> revolution."

<i>J. D. Forbes.</i>

<cs><col>Orbital index</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>in the skull, the ratio of the vertical height to the transverse width of the orbit, which is taken as the standard, equal to 100.</cd></cs>

<h1>Orbitar</h1>
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<hw>Or"bit*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>orbitaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Orbital.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Orbitary</h1>
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<hw>Or"bit*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Situated around the orbit; <as>as, the <ex>orbitary</ex> feathers of a bird</as>.</def>

<h1>Orbitel\'91</h1>
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<hw>Or`bi*te"l\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>orbis</ets> an orb + <ets>tela</ets> a web.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of spiders, including those that make geometrical webs, as the garden spider, or Epeira.</def>

<h1>Orbitolites</h1>
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<hw>Or`bi*to*li"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Orbit</er>, and <er>-lite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of living Foraminifera, forming broad, thin, circular disks, containing numerous small chambers.</def>

<h1>Orbitonasal</h1>
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<hw>Or`bi*to*na"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Orbit</ets> + <ets>nasal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the orbit and the nose; <as>as, the <ex>orbitonasal</ex>, or ophthalmic, nerve</as>.</def>

<h1>Orbitosphenoid</h1>
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<hw>Or`bi*to*sphe"noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Orbit</ets> + <ets>sphenoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the sphenoid bone and the orbit, or to the orbitosphenoid bone.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The orbitosphenoid bone, which is situated in the orbit on either side of the presphenoid. It generally forms a part of the sphenoid in the adult.</def></def2>

<h1>Orbitosphenoidal</h1>
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<hw>Or`bi*to*sphe*noid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the orbitosphenoid bone; orbitosphenoid.</def>

<h1>Orbituary</h1>
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<hw>Or*bit"u*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Orbital.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Orbitude, Orbity</h1>
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<hw><hw>Or"bi*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Or"bi*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>orbitudo</ets>, <ets>orbitas</ets>, fr. <ets>orbus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>orbit\'82</ets>. See <er>Orbate</er>.]</ety> <def>Orbation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Orbulina</h1>
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<hw>Or`bu*li"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>orbis</ets> orb.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of minute living Foraminifera having a globular shell.</def>

<h1>Orby</h1>
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<hw>Orb"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 2d <er>Orb</er>.]</ety> <def>Orblike; having the course of an orb; revolving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Orby</i> hours."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Orc</h1>
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<hw>Orc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>orca</ets>: cf. F. <ets>orque</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The grampus.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ork</asp> and <asp>orch</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Orcadian</h1>
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<hw>Or*ca"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Orcades</ets> the Orkney Islands.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Orkney Islands.</def>

<h1>Orcein</h1>
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<hw>Or"ce*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A reddish brown amorphous dyestuff, <?/, obtained from orcin, and forming the essential coloring matter of cudbear and archil. It is closely related to litmus.</def>

<h1>Orchal</h1>
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<hw>Or"chal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Archil</er>.</def>

<h1>Orchanet</h1>
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<hw>Or"cha*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>orcan\'8ate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Alkanet</er>, 2.</def>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Orchard</h1>
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<hw>Or"chard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ortgeard</ets>, <ets>wyrtgeard</ets>, lit., wortyard, i. e., a yard for herbs; <ets>wyrt</ets> herb + <ets>geard</ets> yard. See <er>Wort</er>, <er>Yard</er> inclosure.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A garden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inclosure containing fruit trees; also, the fruit trees, collectively; -- used especially of apples, peaches, pears, cherries, plums, or the like, less frequently of nutbearing trees and of sugar maple trees.</def>

<cs><col>Orchard grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tall coarse grass (<spn>Dactylis glomerata</spn>), introduced into the United States from Europe. It grows usually in shady places, and is of value for forage and hay.</cd> -- <col>Orchard house</col> <fld>(Hort.)</fld>, <cd>a glazed structure in which fruit trees are reared in pots.</cd> -- <col>Orchard oriole</col> <fld>(Zool.)</fld>, <cd>a bright-colored American oriole (<spn>Icterus spurius</spn>), which frequents orchards. It is smaller and darker thah the Baltimore oriole.</cd></cs>

<h1>Orcharding</h1>
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<hw>Or"chard*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The cultivation of orchards.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Orchards, in general.</def>

<h1>Orchardist</h1>
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<hw>Or"chard*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who cultivates an orchard.</def>

<h1>Orchel</h1>
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<hw>Or"chel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Archil.</def>

<h1>Orchesography</h1>
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<hw>Or`che*sog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ dance + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise upon dancing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Orchester</h1>
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<hw>Or"ches*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Orchestra</er>.</def>

<h1>Orchestian</h1>
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<hw>Or*ches"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ a dancer. See <er>Orchestra</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of amphipod crustacean of the genus <spn>Orchestia</spn>, or family <spn>Orchestid\'91</spn>. See <cref>Beach flea</cref>, under <er>Beach</er>.</def>

<h1>Orchestra</h1>
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<hw>Or"ches*tra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>orchestra</ets>, Gr. <?/, orig., the place for the chorus of dancers, from <?/ to dance: cf. F. <ets>orchestre</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The space in a theater between the stage and the audience; -- originally appropriated by the Greeks to the chorus and its evolutions, afterward by the Romans to persons of distinction, and by the moderns to a band of instrumental musicians.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The place in any public hall appropriated to a band of instrumental musicians.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Loosely: A band of instrumental musicians performing in a theater, concert hall, or other place of public amusement.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Strictly: A band suitable for the performance of symphonies, overtures, etc., as well as for the accompaniment of operas, oratorios, cantatas, masses, and the like, or of vocal and instrumental solos.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A band composed, for the largest part, of players of the various viol instruments, many of each kind, together with a proper complement of wind instruments of wood and brass; -- as distinguished from a military or street band of players on wind instruments, and from an assemblage of solo players for the rendering of concerted pieces, such as septets, octets, and the like.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The instruments employed by a full band, collectively; <as>as, an <ex>orchestra</ex> of forty stringed instruments, with proper complement of wind instruments</as>.</def>

<h1>Orchestral</h1>
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<hw>Or"ches*tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an orchestra; suitable for, or performed in or by, an orchestra.</def>

<h1>Orchestration</h1>
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<hw>Or`ches*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The arrangement of music for an orchestra; orchestral treatment of a composition; -- called also <altname>instrumentation</altname>.</def>

<h1>Orchestre</h1>
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<hw>Or"ches*tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Orchestra</er>.</def>

<h1>Orchestric</h1>
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<hw>Or*ches"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Orchestral.</def>

<h1>Orchestrion</h1>
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<hw>Or*ches"tri*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A large music box imitating a variety of orchestral instruments.</def>

<h1>Orchid</h1>
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<hw>Or"chid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Orchis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the order <spn>Orchidace\'91</spn>.  See <er>Orchidaceous</er>.</def>

<h1>Orchidaceous</h1>
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<hw>Or`chi*da"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order (<spn>Orchidace\'91</spn>) of endogenous plants of which the genus Orchis is the type. They are mostly perennial herbs having the stamens and pistils united in a single column, and normally three petals and three sepals, all adherent to the ovary. The flowers are curiously shaped, often resembling insects, the odd or lower petal (called the <i>lip</i>) being unlike the others, and sometimes of a strange and unexpected appearance. About one hundred species occur in the United States, but several thousand in the tropics.</def>

<note>&hand; Over three hundred genera are recognized.</note>

<h1>Orchidean</h1>
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<hw>Or*chid"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Orchidaceous.</def>

<h1>Orchideous</h1>
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<hw>Or*chid"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Orchidaceous</er>.</def>

<h1>Orchidologist</h1>
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<hw>Or`chid*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in orchidology.</def>

<h1>Orchidology</h1>
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<hw>Or`chid*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the orchis + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The branch of botany which treats of orchids.</def>

<h1>Orchil</h1>
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<hw>Or"chil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Archil</er>.</def>

<h1>Orchilla weed</h1>
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<hw>Or*chil"la weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The lichen from which archil is obtained. See <er>Archil</er>.</def>

<h1>Orchis</h1>
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<hw>Or"chis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Orchises</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a testicle, the orchis; -- so called from its tubers.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of endogenous plants growing in the North Temperate zone, and consisting of about eighty species. They are perennial herbs growing from a tuber (beside which is usually found the last year's tuber also), and are valued for their showy flowers. See <er>Orchidaceous</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the same family with the orchis; an orchid.</def>

<note>&hand; The common names, such as <i>bee orchis</i>, <i>fly orchis</i>, <i>butterfly orchis</i>, etc., allude to the peculiar form of the flower.</note>

<h1>Orchitis</h1>
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<hw>Or*chi"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a testicle + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the testicles.</def>

<h1>Orchotomy</h1>
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<hw>Or*chot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a testicle + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of cutting out or removing a testicle by the knife; castration.</def>

<h1>Orcin</h1>
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<hw>Or"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymology uncertain: cf. F. <ets>orcine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless crystalline substance, <chform>C6H3.CH3.(OH)2</chform>, which is obtained from certain lichens (<spn>Roccella</spn>, <spn>Lecanora</spn>, etc.), also from extract of aloes, and artificially from certain derivatives of toluene.  It changes readily into orcein.</def>

<h1>Ord</h1>
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<hw>Ord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ord</ets> point.]</ety> <def>An edge or point; also, a beginning.</def> <mark>[ Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Ord and end</col>, <cd>the beginning and end. Cf. <cref>Odds and ends</cref>, under <er>Odds</er>. <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer. Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Ordain</h1>
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<hw>Or*dain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ordained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ordaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ordeinen</ets>, OF. <ets>ordener</ets>, F. <ets>ordonner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ordinare</ets>, from <ets>ordo</ets>, <ets>ordinis</ets>, order.  See <er>Order</er>, and cf. <er>Ordinance</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set in order; to arrange according to rule; to regulate; to set; to establish.</def> "Battle well <i>ordained</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>The stake that shall be <b>ordained</b> on either side.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To regulate, or establish, by appointment, decree, or law; to constitute; to decree; to appoint; to institute.</def>

<blockquote>Jeroboam <b>ordained</b> a feast in the eighth month.
<i>1 Kings xii. 32.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And doth the power that man adores <b>ordain</b>
Their doom ?
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To set apart for an office; to appoint.</def>

<blockquote>Being <b>ordained</b> his special governor.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>To invest with ministerial or sacerdotal functions; to introduce into the office of the Christian ministry, by the laying on of hands, or other forms; to set apart by the ceremony of ordination.</def>

<blockquote>Meletius was <b>ordained</b> by Arian bishops.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ordainable</h1>
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<hw>Or*dain"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being ordained; worthy to be ordained or appointed.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Ordainer</h1>
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<hw>Or*dain"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who ordains.</def>

<h1>Ordainment</h1>
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<hw>Or*dain"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ordination.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Ordal</h1>
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<hw>Or"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ordeal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ordalian</h1>
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<hw>Or*da"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>orda<?/ium</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to trial by ordeal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Ordeal</h1>
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<hw>Or"de*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ord\'bel</ets>, <ets>ord<?/l</ets>, a judgment; akin to D. <ets>oordeel</ets>, G. <ets>urteil</ets>, <ets>urtheil</ets>; orig., what is dealt out, the prefix <ets>or-</ets> being akin to <ets>\'be-</ets> compounded with verbs, G. <ets>er-</ets>, <ets>ur-</ets>, Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, orig. meaning, out. See <er>Deal</er>, <tt>v.</tt> & <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Arise</er>, <er>Ort</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ancient form of test to determine guilt or innocence, by appealing to a supernatural decision, -- once common in Europe, and still practiced in the East and by savage tribes.</def>

<note>&hand; In England <i>ordeal by fire</i> and <i>ordeal by water</i> were used, the former confined to persons of rank, the latter to the common people. The ordeal by fire was performed, either by handling red-hot iron, or by walking barefoot and blindfold over red-hot plowshares, laid at unequal distances. If the person escaped unhurt, he was adjudged innocent; otherwise he was condemned as guilty. The ordeal by water was performed, either by plunging the bare arm to the elbow in boiling water, an escape from injury being taken as proof of innocence, or by casting the accused person, bound hand and foot, into a river or pond, when if he floated it was an evidence of guilt, but if he sunk he was acquitted. It is probable that the proverbial phrase, <i>to go through fire and water</i>, denoting severe trial or danger, is derived from the ordeal. See <cref>Wager of battle</cref>, under <er>Wager</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any severe trial, or test; a painful experience.</def>

<cs><col>Ordeal bean</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Calabar bean</cref>, under <er>Calabar</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ordeal root</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>the root of a species of <spn>Strychnos</spn> growing in West Africa, used, like the ordeal bean, in trials for witchcraft.</cd> -- <col>Ordeal tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a poisonous tree of Madagascar (<spn>Tanghinia, &or; Cerbera, venenata</spn>). Persons suspected of crime are forced to eat the seeds of the plumlike fruit, and criminals are put to death by being pricked with a lance dipped in the juice of the seeds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ordeal</h1>
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<hw>Or"de*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to trial by ordeal.</def>

<h1>Order</h1>
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<hw>Or"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ordre</ets>, F. <ets>ordre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ordo</ets>, <ets>ordinis</ets>. Cf. <er>Ordain</er>, <er>Ordinal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Regular arrangement; any methodical or established succession or harmonious relation; method; system</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of material things, like the books in a library</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of intellectual notions or ideas, like the topics of a discource</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Of periods of time or occurrences, and the like.</def>

<blockquote>The side chambers were . . . thirty in <b>order</b>.
<i>Ezek. xli. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Bright-harnessed angels sit in <b>order</b> serviceable.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Good <b>order</b> is the foundation of all good things.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Right arrangement; a normal, correct, or fit condition; <as>as, the house is in <ex>order</ex>; the machinery is out of <ex>order</ex>.</as></def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The customary mode of procedure; established system, as in the conduct of debates or the transaction of business; usage; custom; fashion.</def>

<i>Dantiel.</i>

<blockquote>And, pregnant with his grander thought,
Brought the old <b>order</b> into doubt.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Conformity with law or decorum; freedom from disturbance; general tranquillity; public quiet; <as>as, to preserve <ex>order</ex> in a community or an assembly</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which prescribes a method of procedure; a rule or regulation made by competent authority; <as>as, the rules and <ex>orders</ex> of the senate</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The church hath authority to establish that for an <b>order</b> at one time which at another time it may abolish.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A command; a mandate; a precept; a direction.</def>

<blockquote>Upon this new fright, an <b>order</b> was made by both houses for disarming all the papists in England.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Hence: A commission to purchase, sell, or supply goods; a direction, in writing, to pay money, to furnish supplies, to admit to a building, a place of entertainment, or the like; <as>as, <ex>orders</ex> for blankets are large</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In those days were pit <b>orders</b> -- beshrew the uncomfortable manager who abolished them.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A number of things or persons arranged in a fixed or suitable place, or relative position; a rank; a row; a grade; especially, a rank or class in society; a group or division of men in the same social or other position; also, a distinct character, kind, or sort; <as>as, the higher or lower <ex>orders</ex> of society; talent of a high <ex>order</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>They are in equal <b>order</b> to their several ends.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Various <b>orders</b> various ensigns bear.
<i>Granville.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Which, to his <b>order</b> of mind, must have seemed little short of crime.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1010">
Page 1010<p>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A body of persons having some common honorary distinction or rule of obligation; esp., a body of religious persons or aggregate of convents living under a common rule; <as>as, the <ex>Order</ex> of the Bath; the Franciscan <ex>order</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Find a barefoot brother out,
One of our <b>order</b>, to associate me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The venerable <b>order</b> of the Knights Templars.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>An ecclesiastical grade or rank, as of deacon, priest, or bishop; the office of the Christian ministry; -- often used in the plural; <as>as, to take <ex>orders</ex>, or to take <ex>holy orders</ex>, that is, to enter some grade of the ministry</as>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The disposition of a column and its component parts, and of the entablature resting upon it, in classical architecture; hence (as the column and entablature are the characteristic features of classical architecture) a style or manner of architectural designing.</def>

<note>&hand; The Greeks used three different orders, easy to distinguish, <i>Doric</i>, <i>Ionic</i>, and <i>Corinthian</i>. The Romans added the <i>Tuscan</i>, and changed the Doric so that it is hardly recognizable, and also used a modified Corinthian called <i>Composite</i>. The Renaissance writers on architecture recognized five orders as orthodox or <i>classical</i>, -- <i>Doric</i> (the Roman sort), <i>Ionic</i>, <i>Tuscan</i>, <i>Corinthian</i>, and <i>Composite</i>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Capital</er>.</note>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>An assemblage of genera having certain important characters in common; <as>as, the Carnivora and Insectivora are <ex>orders</ex> of Mammalia</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The Linn\'91an <i>artificial orders</i> of plants rested mainly on identity in the numer of pistils, or agreement in some one character. <i>Natural orders</i> are groups of genera agreeing in the fundamental plan of their flowers and fruit. A natural order is usually (in botany) equivalent to a family, and may include several tribes.</note>

<p><b>13.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The placing of words and members in a sentence in such a manner as to contribute to force and beauty or clearness of expression.</def>

<p><b>14.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Rank; degree; thus, the <i>order</i> of a curve or surface is the same as the degree of its equation.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Artificial order</col> &or; <col>system</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>Artificial classification</cref>, under <er>Artificial</er>, and Note to def. 12 above.</cd> -- <col>Close order</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the arrangement of the ranks with a distance of about half a pace between them; with a distance of about three yards the ranks are in <ant>open order</ant>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>The four Orders</col>, <col>The Orders four</col></mcol>, <cd>the four orders of mendicant friars. See <er>Friar</er>.  <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>General orders</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>orders issued which concern the whole command, or the troops generally, in distinction from <i>special orders<i>.</cd> -- <col>Holy orders</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <cd>The different grades of the Christian ministry; ordination to the ministry</cd>. See def. 10 above. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <cd>A sacrament for the purpose of conferring a special grace on those ordained.</cd> -- <col>In order to</col>, <cd>for the purpose of; to the end; as means to.</cd>

<blockquote>The best knowledge is that which is of greatest use <b>in order to</b> our eternal happiness.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Minor orders</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>orders beneath the diaconate in sacramental dignity, as acolyte, exorcist, reader, doorkeeper.</cd> -- <col>Money order</col>. See under <er>Money</er>. -- <col>Natural order</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See def.</cd> 12, Note. -- <col>Order book</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A merchant's book in which orders are entered.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>A book kept at headquarters, in which all orders are recorded for the information of officers and men</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A book in the House of Commons in which proposed orders must be entered</cd>. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Order in Council</col>, <cd>a royal order issed with and by the advice of the Privy Council.</cd> <mark>[Great Britain]</mark> -- <col>Order of battle</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the particular disposition given to the troops of an army on the field of battle.</cd> -- <col>Order of the day</col>, <cd>in legislative bodies, the special business appointed for a specified day.</cd> -- <col>Order of a differential equation</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the greatest index of differentiation in the equation.</cd> -- <col>Sailing orders</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the final instructions given to the commander of a ship of war before a cruise.</cd> -- <col>Sealed orders</col>, <cd>orders sealed, and not to be opended until a certain time, or arrival at a certain place, as after a ship is at sea.</cd> -- <col>Standing order</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A continuing regulation for the conduct of parliamentary business.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>An order not subject to change by an officer temporarily in command</cd>. -- <col>To give order</col>, <cd>to give command or directions.</cd> <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>To take order for</col>, <cd>to take charge of; to make arrangements concerning.</cd>

<blockquote>Whiles I <b>take order for</b> mine own affairs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Arrangement; management. See <er>Direction</er>.</syn>

<h1>Order</h1>
<Xpage=1010>

<hw>Or"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ordered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ordering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Order</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put in order; to reduce to a methodical arrangement; to arrange in a series, or with reference to an end. Hence, to regulate; to dispose; to direct; to rule.</def>

<blockquote>To him that <b>ordereth</b> his conversation aright.
<i>Ps. 1. 23.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Warriors old with <b>ordered</b> spear and shield.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give an order to; to command; <as>as, to <ex>order</ex> troops to advance</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give an order for; to secure by an order; <as>as, to <ex>order</ex> a carriage; to <ex>order</ex> groceries.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>To admit to holy orders; to ordain; to receive into the ranks of the ministry.</def>

<blockquote>These <b>ordered</b> folk be especially titled to God.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Persons presented to be <b>ordered</b> deacons.
<i>Bk. of Com. Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Order arms</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the command at which a rifle is brought to a position with its but resting on the ground; also, the position taken at such a command.</cd></cs>

<h1>Order</h1>
<Xpage=1010>

<hw>Or"der</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To give orders; to issue commands.</def>

<h1>Orderable</h1>
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<hw>Or"der*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being ordered; tractable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Being very <b>orderable</b> in all his sickness.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Orderer</h1>
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<hw>Or"der*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who puts in order, arranges, methodizes, or regulates.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who gives orders.</def>

<h1>Ordering</h1>
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<hw>Or"der*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disposition; distribution; management.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Orderless</h1>
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<hw>Or"der*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being without order or regularity; disorderly; out of rule.</def>

<h1>Orderliness</h1>
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<hw>Or"der*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being orderly.</def>

<h1>Orderly</h1>
<Xpage=1010>

<hw>Or"der*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Conformed to order; in order; regular; <as>as, an <ex>orderly</ex> course or plan</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Observant of order, authority, or rule; hence, obedient; quiet; peaceable; not unruly; <as>as, <ex>orderly</ex> children; an <ex>orderly</ex> community.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Performed in good or established order; well-regulated.</def> "An <i>orderly</i> . . . march."

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Being on duty; keeping order; conveying orders.</def> "Aids-de-camp and <i>orderly</i> men."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<cs><col>Orderly book</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a book for every company, in which the general and regimental orders are recorded.</cd> -- <col>Orderly officer</col>, <cd>the officer of the day, or that officer of a corps or regiment whose turn it is to supervise for the day the arrangements for food, cleanliness, etc. <i>Farrow</i>.</cd> -- <col>Orderly room</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The court of the commanding officer, where charges against the men of the regiment are tried</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The office of the commanding officer, usually in the barracks, whence orders emanate</cd>. <i>Farrow</i>.</cd> -- <col>Orderly sergeant</col>, <cd>the first sergeant of a company.</cd></cs>

<h1>Orderly</h1>
<Xpage=1010>

<hw>Or"der*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to due order; regularly; methodically; duly.</def>

<blockquote>You are blunt; go to it <b>orderly</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Orderly</h1>
<Xpage=1010>

<hw>Or"der*ly</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Orderlies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A noncommissioned officer or soldier who attends a superior officer to carry his orders, or to render other service.</def>

<blockquote><b>Orderlies</b> were appointed to watch the palace.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A street sweeper.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Mayhew.</i>

<h1>Ordinability</h1>
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<hw>Or`di*na*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capability of being ordained or appointed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Bull.</i>

<h1>Ordinable</h1>
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<hw>Or"di*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ordinate</er>, <er>Ordain</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being ordained or appointed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ordinal</h1>
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<hw>Or"di*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ordinalis</ets>, fr. <ets>ordo</ets>, <ets>ordinis</ets>, order. See <er>Order</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Indicating order or succession; <as>as, the <ex>ordinal</ex> numbers, first, second, third, etc</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an order.</def>

<h1>Ordinal</h1>
<Xpage=1010>

<hw>Or"di*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A word or number denoting order or succession.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Ch. of Eng.)</fld> <def>The book of forms for making, ordaining, and consecrating bishops, priests, and deacons.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A book containing the rubrics of the Mass.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ordinale</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ordinalism</h1>
<Xpage=1010>

<hw>Or"di*nal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being ordinal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Latham.</i>

<h1>Ordinance</h1>
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<hw>Or"di*nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ordenance</ets>, OF. <ets>ordenance</ets>, F. <ets>ordonnance</ets>. See <er>Ordain</er>, and cf. <er>Ordnance</er>, <er>Ordonnance</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Orderly arrangement; preparation; provision.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>They had made their <b>ordinance</b>
Of victual, and of other purveyance.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rule established by authority; a permanent rule of action; a statute, law, regulation, rescript, or accepted usage; an edict or decree; esp., a local law enacted by a municipal government; <as>as, a municipal <ex>ordinance</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thou wilt die by God's just <b>ordinance</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By custom and the <b>ordinance</b> of times.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Walking in all the commandments and <b>ordinances</b> of the Lord blameless.
<i>Luke i. 6.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Acts of Parliament are sometimes called <i>ordinances</i>; also, certain colonial laws and certain acts of Congress under Confederation; as, the <i>ordinance</i> of 1787 for the government of the territory of the United States northwest of the Ohio River; the colonial <i>ordinance</i> of 1641, or 1647. This word is often used in Scripture in the sense of a law or statute of sovereign power. <i>Ex. xv. 25</i>. <i>Num. x. 8</i>. <i>Ezra iii. 10</i>. Its most frequent application now in the United States is to laws and regulations of municipal corporations. <i>Wharton (Law Dict.)</i>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An established rite or ceremony.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Rank; order; station.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <ety>[See <er>Ordnance</er>.]</ety> <def>Ordnance; cannon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ordinand</h1>
<Xpage=1010>

<hw>Or"di*nand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ordinandus</ets>, gerundive of <ets>ordinare</ets>. See <er>Ordain</er>.]</ety> <def>One about to be ordained.</def>

<h1>Ordinant</h1>
<Xpage=1010>

<hw>Or"di*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ordinans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>ordinare</ets>. See <er>Ordain</er>.]</ety> <def>Ordaining; decreeing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ordinant</h1>
<Xpage=1010>

<hw>Or"di*nant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who ordains.</def>

<i>F. G. Lee.</i>

<h1>Ordinarily</h1>
<Xpage=1010>

<hw>Or"di*na*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to established rules or settled method; as a rule; commonly; usually; in most cases; <as>as, a winter more than <ex>ordinarily</ex> severe</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Those who <b>ordinarily</b> pride themselves not a little upon their penetration.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ordinary</h1>
<Xpage=1010>

<hw>Or"di*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ordinarius</ets>, fr. <ets>ordo</ets>, <ets>ordinis</ets>, order: cf. F. <ets>ordinaire</ets>. See <er>Order</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>According to established order; methodical; settled; regular.</def> "The <i>ordinary</i> forms of law."

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Common; customary; usual.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Method is not less reguisite in <b>ordinary</b> conversation that in writing.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of common rank, quality, or ability; not distinguished by superior excellence or beauty; hence, not distinguished in any way; commonplace; inferior; of little merit; <as>as, men of <ex>ordinary</ex> judgment; an <ex>ordinary</ex> book.</as></def>

<blockquote>An <b>ordinary</b> lad would have acquired little or no useful knowledge in such a way.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ordinary seaman</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>one not expert or fully skilled, and hence ranking below an <i>able seaman<i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Normal; common; usual; customary.</syn> <usage> See <er>Normal</er>. -- <er>Ordinary</er>, <er>Common</er>. A thing is <i>common</i> in which many persons share or partake; as, a <i>common</i> practice. A thing is <i>ordinary</i> when it is apt to come round in the regular common order or succession of events.</usage>

<h1>Ordinary</h1>
<Xpage=1010>

<hw>Or"di*na*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ordinaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Roman Law)</fld> <def>An officer who has original jurisdiction in his own right, and not by deputation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>One who has immediate jurisdiction in matters ecclesiastical; an ecclesiastical judge; also, a deputy of the bishop, or a clergyman appointed to perform divine service for condemned criminals and assist in preparing them for death.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Am. Law)</fld> <def>A judicial officer, having generally the powers of a judge of probate or a surrogate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The mass; the common run.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I see no more in you than in the <b>ordinary</b>
Of nature's salework.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is so common, or continued, as to be considered a settled establishment or institution.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Spain had no other wars save those which were grown into an <b>ordinary</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything which is in ordinary or common use.</def>

<blockquote>Water buckets, wagons, cart wheels, plow socks, and other <b>ordinaries</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A dining room or eating house where a meal is prepared for all comers, at a fixed price for the meal, in distinction from one where each dish is separately charged; a table d'h\'93te; hence, also, the meal furnished at such a dining room.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>All the odd words they have picked up in a coffeehouse, or a gaming <b>ordinary</b>, are produced as flowers of style.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He exacted a tribute for licenses to hawkers and peddlers and to <b>ordinaries</b>.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A charge or bearing of simple form, one of nine or ten which are in constant use. The <i>bend</i>, <i>chevron</i>, <i>chief</i>, <i>cross</i>, <i>fesse</i>, <i>pale</i>, and <i>saltire</i> are uniformly admitted as ordinaries. Some authorities include <i>bar</i>, <i>bend sinister</i>, <i>pile</i>, and others. See <er>Subordinary</er>.</def>

<cs><col>In ordinary</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In actual and constant service; statedly attending and serving; <as>as, a physician or chaplain <ex>in ordinary<ex>. An ambassador <ex>in ordinary<ex> is one constantly resident at a foreign court</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>Out of commission and laid up; -- said of a naval vessel.</cd> -- <col>Ordinary of the Mass</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>the part of the Mass which is the same every day; -- called also the <altname>canon of the Mass</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ordinaryship</h1>
<Xpage=1010>

<hw>Or"di*na*ry*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being an ordinary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Ordinate</h1>
<Xpage=1010>

<hw>Or"di*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ordinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ordinare</ets>. See <er>Ordain</er>.]</ety> <def>Well-ordered; orderly; regular; methodical.</def> "A life blissful and <i>ordinate</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Ordinate figure</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a figure whose sides and angles are equal; a regular figure.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ordinate</h1>
<Xpage=1010>

<hw>Or"di*nate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The distance of any point in a curve or a straight line, measured on a line called the <i>axis of ordinates</i> or on a line parallel to it, from another line called the <i>axis of abscissas</i>, on which the corresponding abscissa of the point is measured.</def>

<note>&hand; The ordinate and abscissa, taken together, are called <i>co\'94rdinates</i>, and define the position of the point with reference to the two axes named, the intersection of which is called the <i>origin of co\'94rdinates</i>. See <er>Coordinate</er>.</note><-- in a typical two-dimensional plot, viewed on a plane graph in its normal orientation with perpendicular axes, the ordinate is the vertical axis; when the axes are labeled as x and y, it is the y-axis -->

<h1>Ordinate</h1>
<Xpage=1010>

<hw>Or"di*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To appoint, to regulate; to harmonize.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Ordinately</h1>
<Xpage=1010>

<hw>Or"di*nate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ordinate manner; orderly.</def>

<i>Chaucer. Skelton.</i>

<h1>Ordination</h1>
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<hw>Or`di*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ordinatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ordination</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of ordaining, appointing, or setting apart; the state of being ordained, appointed, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The holy and wise <b>ordination</b> of God.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Virtue and vice have a natural <b>ordination</b> to the happiness and misery of life respectively.
<i>Norris.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The act of setting apart to an office in the Christian ministry; the conferring of holy orders.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Disposition; arrangement; order.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<cs><col>Angle of ordination</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the angle between the axes of co\'94rdinates.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ordinative</h1>
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<hw>Or"di*na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ordinativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to ordain; directing; giving order.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gauden.</i>

<h1>Ordinator</h1>
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<hw>Or"di*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who ordains or establishes; a director.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>T. Adams.</i>

<h1>Ordnance</h1>
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<hw>Ord"nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From OE. <ets>ordenance</ets>, referring orig. to the bore or size of the cannon. See <er>Ordinance</er>.]</ety> <def>Heavy weapons of warfare; cannon, or great guns, mortars, and howitzers; artillery; sometimes, a general term for all weapons and appliances used in war.</def>

<blockquote>All the battlements their <b>ordnance</b> fire.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Then you may hear afar off the awful roar of his [Rufus Choate's] rifled <b>ordnance</b>.
<i>E. Ererett.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ordnance survey</col>, <cd>the official survey of Great Britain and Ireland, conducted by the ordnance department.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ordonnance</h1>
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<hw>Or"don*nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Ordinance</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The disposition of the parts of any composition with regard to one another and the whole.</def>

<blockquote>Their dramatic <b>ordonnance</b> of the parts.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ordonnant</h1>
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<hw>Or"don*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. pr. of <ets>ordonner</ets>. See <er>Ordinant</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to ordonnance.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Ordovian</h1>
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<hw>Or*do"vi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Ordovician.</def>

<h1>Ordovician</h1>
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<hw>Or`do*vi"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>Ordovices</ets>, a Celtic people in Wales.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a division of the Silurian formation, corresponding in general to the Lower Silurian of most authors, exclusive of the Cambrian.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The Ordovician formation.</def></def2>

<h1>Ordure</h1>
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<hw>Or"dure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ordure</ets>, OF. <ets>ord</ets> filthy, foul, fr. L. <ets>horridus</ets> horrid. See <er>Horrid</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Dung; excrement; f\'91ces.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Defect; imperfection; fault.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Ordurous</h1>
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<hw>Or"dur*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ordure; filthy.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Ore</h1>
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<hw>Ore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'ber</ets>.]</ety> <def>Honor; grace; favor; mercy; clemency; happy augry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ore</h1>
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<hw>Ore</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets><?/ra</ets>; cf. <ets>\'ber</ets> brass, bronze, akin to <er>OHG</er>. <ets><?/r</ets>, G. <ets>ehern</ets> brazen, Icel. <ets>eir</ets> brass, Goth. <ets>ais</ets>, L. <ets>aes</ets>, Skr. <ets>ayas</ets> iron. <?/210. Cf. <er>Ora</er>, <er>Era</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The native form of a metal, whether free and uncombined, as gold, copper, etc., or combined, as iron, lead, etc. Usually the ores contain the metals combined with oxygen, sulphur, arsenic, etc. (called <i>mineralizers</i>).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A native metal or its compound with the rock in which it occurs, after it has been picked over to throw out what is worthless.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Metal; <as>as, the liquid <ex>ore</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>Ore hearth</col>, <cd>a low furnace in which rich lead ore is reduced; -- also called <altname>Scotch hearth</altname>.</cd>

<i>Raymond.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Oread</h1>
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<hw>O"re*ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Oreas</ets>, <ets>-adis</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ mountain: cf. F. <ets>or\'82ade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>One of the nymphs of mountains and grottoes.</def>

<blockquote>Like a wood nymph light,
<b>Oread</b> or Dryad.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oreades</h1>
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<hw>O*re"a*des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of butterflies which includes the satyrs. See <er>Satyr</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Orectic</h1>
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<hw>O*rec"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, yearning after, from <?/ to reach after.]</ety> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the desires; hence, impelling to gratification; appetitive.</def>

<hr>
<page="1011">
Page 1011<p>

<h1>Oregon grape</h1>
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<hw>Or"e*gon grape`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An evergreen species of barberry (<spn>Berberis Aquifolium</spn>), of Oregon and California; also, its roundish, blue-black berries.</def>

<h1>Oreide</h1>
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<hw>O"re*ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Oroide</er>.</def>

<h1>Oreodon</h1>
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<hw>O"re*o*don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, mountain + <?/, <?/, tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon)</fld> <def>A genus of extinct herbivorous mammals, abundant in the Tertiary formation of the Rocky Mountains. It is more or less related to the camel, hog, and deer.</def>

<h1>Oreodont</h1>
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<hw>O"re*o*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Resembling, or allied to, the genus Oreodon.</def>

<h1>Oreographic</h1>
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<hw>O`re*o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to oreography.</def>

<h1>Oreography</h1>
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<hw>O`re*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, mountain + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of mountains; orography.</def>

<h1>Oreoselin</h1>
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<hw>O`re*os"e*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline substance which is obtained indirectly from the root of an umbelliferous plant (<spn>Imperatoria Oreoselinum</spn>), and yields resorcin on decomposition.</def>

<h1>Oreosoma</h1>
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<hw>O`re*o*so"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, <?/, mountain + <?/ body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small oceanic fishes, remarkable for the large conical tubercles which cover the under surface.</def>

<h1>Oreweed</h1>
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<hw>Ore"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Oarweed</er>.</def>

<h1>Orewood</h1>
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<hw>Ore"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Oarweed</er>.</def>

<h1>Orf, Orfe</h1>
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<hw><hw>Orf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Or"fe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bright-colored domesticated variety of the id. See <er>Id</er>.</def>

<h1>Orfgild</h1>
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<hw>Orf"gild`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>orf</ets>, <ets>yrfe</ets>, cattle, property + <ets>gild</ets>, <ets>gield</ets>, money, fine.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Restitution for cattle; a penalty for taking away cattle.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Orfray</h1>
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<hw>Or"fray</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>orfraie</ets>. Cf. <er>Osprey</er>, <er>Ossifrage</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The osprey.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Orfrays</h1>
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<hw>Or"frays</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>orfrais</ets>, F. <ets>orfroi</ets>; F. <ets>or</ets> gold + <ets>fraise</ets>, <ets>frise</ets>, fringe, ruff. See <er>Fraise</er>, and cf. <er>Auriphrygiate</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Orphrey</er>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Rom</i>. <i>of R</i>.</def>

<h1>Orgal</h1>
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<hw>Or"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Argol</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Organ</h1>
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<hw>Or"gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>organum</ets>, Gr. <?/; akin to <?/ work, and E. <ets>work</ets>: cf. F. <ets>organe</ets>. See <er>Work</er>, and cf. <er>Orgue</er>, <er>Orgy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument or medium by which some important action is performed, or an important end accomplished; <as>as, legislatures, courts, armies, taxgatherers, etc., are <ex>organs</ex> of government</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its <i>function</i>), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole; <as>as, the heart, lungs, etc</as>., are <i>organs</i> of animals; the root, stem, foliage, etc., are <i>organs</i> of plants.</def>

<note>&hand; In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues, one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal function of the organ. Groups of organs constitute a <i>system</i>. See <er>System</er>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A component part performing an essential office in the working of any complex machine; <as>as, the cylinder, valves, crank, etc</as>., are <i>organs</i> of the steam engine.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A medium of communication between one person or body and another; <as>as, the secretary of state is the <ex>organ</ex> of communication between the government and a foreign power; a newspaper is the <ex>organ</ex> of its editor, or of a party, sect, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>organ</ets>, fr. L. <ets>organum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A wind instrument containing numerous pipes of various dimensions and kinds, which are filled with wind from a bellows, and played upon by means of keys similar to those of a piano, and sometimes by foot keys or pedals; -- formerly used in the plural, each pipe being considired an organ.</def>

<blockquote>The deep, majestic, solemn <b>organs</b> blow.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Chaucer used the form <i>orgon</i> as a plural.

<blockquote>The merry <b>orgon</b> . . . that in the church goon [go].
</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Barrel organ</col>, <col>Choir organ</col>, <col>Great organ</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Barrel</er>, <er>Choir</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Cabinet organ</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>an organ of small size, as for a chapel or for domestic use; a reed organ.</cd> -- <col>Organ bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a Tasmanian crow shrike (<spn>Gymnorhina organicum</spn>). It utters discordant notes like those of a hand organ out of tune.</cd> -- <col>Organ fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the drumfish.</cd> -- <col>Organ gun</col>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Orgue</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Organ harmonium</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>an harmonium of large capacity and power.</cd> -- <col>Organ of Gorti</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a complicated structure in the cochlea of the ear, including the auditory hair cells, the rods or fibers of Corti, the membrane of Corti, etc. See Note under <er>Ear</er>.</cd> -- <col>Organ pipe</col>. <cd>See <er>Pipe</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</cd> -- <col>Organ-pipe coral</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Tubipora</er>.</cd> -- <col>Organ point</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a passage in which the tonic or dominant is sustained continuously by one part, while the other parts move.</cd></cs>

<h1>Organ</h1>
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<hw>Or"gan</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To supply with an organ or organs; to fit with organs; to organize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou art elemented and <b>organed</b> for other apprehensions.
<i>Bp. Mannyngham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Organdie, Organdy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Or"gan*die</hw>, <hw>Or"gan*dy</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>organdi</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of transparent light muslin.</def>

<h1>Organic</h1>
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<hw>Or*gan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>organicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>organique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an organ or its functions, or to objects composed of organs; consisting of organs, or containing them; <as>as, the <ex>organic</ex> structure of animals and plants</as>; exhibiting characters peculiar to living organisms; <as>as, <ex>organic</ex> bodies, <ex>organic</ex> life, <ex>organic</ex> remains</as></as>.  Cf. <er>Inorganic</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Produced by the organs; <as>as, <ex>organic</ex> pleasure</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Instrumental; acting as instruments of nature or of art to a certain destined function or end.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Those <b>organic</b> arts which enable men to discourse and write perspicuously.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Forming a whole composed of organs. Hence: Of or pertaining to a system of organs; inherent in, or resulting from, a certain organization; <as>as, an <ex>organic</ex> government; his love of truth was not inculcated, but <ex>organic</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or denoting, any one of the large series of substances which, in nature or origin, are connected with vital processes, and include many substances of artificial production which may or may not occur in animals or plants; -- contrasted with <ant>inorganic</ant>.</def>

<note>&hand; The principles of organic and inorganic chemistry are identical; but the enormous number and the completeness of related series of organic compounds, together with their remarkable facility of exchange and substitution, offer an illustration of chemical reaction and homology not to be paralleled in inorganic chemistry.</note>

<cs><col>Organic analysis</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the analysis of organic compounds, concerned chiefly with the determination of carbon as carbon dioxide, hydrogen as water, oxygen as the difference between the sum of the others and 100 per cent, and nitrogen as free nitrogen, ammonia, or nitric oxide; -- formerly called <i>ultimate analysis<i>, in distinction from <i>proximate analysis<i>.</cd> -- <col>Organic chemistry</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chemistry</er>.</cd> -- <col>Organic compounds</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Carbon compounds</cref>, under <er>Carbon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Organic description of a curve</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the description of a curve on a plane by means of instruments. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Organic disease</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a disease attended with morbid changes in the structure of the organs of the body or in the composition of its fluids; -- opposed to <i>functional disease<i>.</cd> -- <col>Organic electricity</col>. <cd>See under <er>Electricity</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Organic</col> <col>law &or; laws</col></mcol>, <cd>a law or system of laws, or declaration of principles fundamental to the existence and organization of a political or other association; a constitution.</cd> -- <col>Organic stricture</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a contraction of one of the natural passages of the body produced by structural changes in its walls, as distinguished from a <i>spasmodic stricture<i>, which is due to muscular contraction.</cd></cs>

<h1>Organical</h1>
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<hw>Or*gan"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Organic.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>organical</b> structure of human bodies, whereby they live and move.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Organically</h1>
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<hw>Or*gan"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an organic manner; by means of organs or with reference to organic functions; hence, fundamentally.</def>

<i>Gladstone.</i>

<h1>Organicalness</h1>
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<hw>Or*gan"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being organic.</def>

<h1>Organicism</h1>
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<hw>Or*gan"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The doctrine of the localization of disease, or which refers it always to a material lesion of an organ.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Organific</h1>
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<hw>Or`gan*if"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Organ</ets> + L. <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>fy</er>.]</ety> <def>Making an organic or organized structure; producing an organism; acting through, or resulting from, organs.</def>

<i>Prof. Park.</i>

<h1>Organism</h1>
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<hw>Or"gan*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>organisme</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Organic structure; organization.</def> "The advantageous <i>organism</i> of the eye."

<i>Grew.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An organized being; a living body, either vegetable or animal, compozed of different organs or parts with functions which are separate, but mutually dependent, and essential to the life of the individual.</def>

<note>&hand; Some of the lower forms of life are so simple in structure as to be without organs, but are still called <i>organisms</i>, since they have different parts analogous in functions to the organs of higher plants and animals.</note>

<h1>Organist</h1>
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<hw>Or"gan*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>organiste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One who plays on the organ.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>One of the priests who organized or sung in parts.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Organista</h1>
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<hw>Or`ga*nis"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., an organis.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several South American wrens, noted for the sweetness of their song.</def>

<h1>Organity</h1>
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<hw>Or*gan"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Organism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Organizability</h1>
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<hw>Or`gan*i`za*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being organizable; capability of being organized.</def>

<h1>Organizable</h1>
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<hw>Or"gan*i`za*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being organized; esp. <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, capable of being formed into living tissue; <as>as, <ex>organizable</ex> matter</as>.</def>

<h1>Organization</h1>
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<hw>Or`gan*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>organisation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of organizing; the act of arranging in a systematic way for use or action; <as>as, the <ex>organization</ex> of an army, or of a deliberative body</as>.</def> "The first <i>organization</i> of the general government."

<i>Pickering.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being organized; also, the relations included in such a state or condition.</def>

<blockquote>What is <b>organization</b> but the connection of parts in and for a whole, so that each part is, at once, end and means?
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That wich is organized; an organized existence; an organism; specif. <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, an arrangement of parts for the performance of the functions necessary to life.</def>

<blockquote>The cell may be regarded as the most simple, the most common, and the earliest form of <b>organization</b>.
<i>McKendrick.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Organize</h1>
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<hw>Or"gan*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Organized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Organizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>organiser</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Organ</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To furnish with organs; to give an organic structure to; to endow with capacity for the functions of life; <as>as, an <ex>organized</ex> being; <ex>organized</ex> matter</as>; -- in this sense used chiefly in the past participle.</def>

<blockquote>These nobler faculties of the mind, matter <b>organized</b> could never produce.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To arrange or constitute in parts, each having a special function, act, office, or relation; to systematize; to get into working order; -- applied to products of the human intellect, or to human institutions and undertakings, as a science, a government, an army, a war, etc.</def>

<blockquote>This original and supreme will <b>organizes</b> the government.
<i>Cranch.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To sing in parts; <as>as, to <ex>organize</ex> an anthem</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Busby.</i>

<h1>Organizer</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or"gan*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who organizes.</def>

<h1>Organling</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or"gan*ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large kind of sea fish; the orgeis.</def>

<h1>Organo-</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or"ga*no-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Organ</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form denoting <i>relation to</i>, or <i>connection with</i>, <i>an organ</i> or <i>organs</i>.</def>

<h1>Organogen</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or*gan"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Organo-</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A name given to any one of the four elements, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which are especially characteristic ingredients of organic compounds; also, by extension, to other elements sometimes found in the same connection; as sulphur, phosphorus, etc.</def>

<h1>Organogenesis</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or`ga*no*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Organo-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The origin and development of organs in animals and plants.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The germ history of the organs and systems of organs, -- a branch of morphogeny.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<h1>Organogenic</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or`ga*no*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to organogenesis.</def>

<h1>Organogeny</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or`ga*nog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Organogenesis.</def>

<h1>Organographic, Organographical</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw><hw>Or`ga*no*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Or`ga*no*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>organographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to organography.</def>

<h1>Organographist</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or`ga*nog"ra*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in organography.</def>

<h1>Organography</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or`ga*nog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Organo-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>organographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of the organs of animals or plants.</def>

<h1>Organoleptic</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or`ga*no*lep"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>organoleptique</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ an organ + <?/ to lay hold of.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Making an impression upon an organ; plastic; -- said of the effect or impression produced by any substance on the organs of touch, taste, or smell, and also on the organism as a whole.</def>

<h1>Organological</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or`ga*no*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to organology.</def>

<h1>Organology</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or`ga*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Organ</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>organologie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science of organs or of anything considered as an organic structure.</def>

<blockquote>The science of style, as an organ of thought, of style in relation to the ideas and feelings, might be called the <b>organology</b> of style.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That branch of biology which treats, in particular, of the organs of animals and plants. See <er>Morphology</er>.</def>

<h1>Organometallic</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or`ga*no*me*tal"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Metalorganic.</def>

<h1>Organon, Organum</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw><hw>Or"ga*non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Or"ga*num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>organon</ets>, L. <ets>organum</ets>. See <er>Organ</er>.]</ety> <def>An organ or instrument; hence, a method by which philosophical or scientific investigation may be conducted; -- a term adopted from the Aristotelian writers by Lord Bacon, as the title ("Novum <i>Organon</i>") of part of his treatise on philosophical method.</def>

<i>Sir. W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Organonymy</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or`ga*non"y*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Organo-</ets> + Gr.<?/, for <?/, a name.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The designation or nomenclature of organs.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Organophyly</h1>
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<hw>Or`ga*noph"y*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Organo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ clan.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The tribal history of organs, -- a branch of morphophyly.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<h1>Organoplastic</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or`ga*no*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Organo-</ets> + <ets>-plastic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having the property of producing the tissues or organs of animals and plants; <as>as, the <ex>organoplastic</ex> cells</as>.</def>

<h1>Organoscopy</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or`ga*nos"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Organo-</ets> + <ets>-scopy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Phrenology.</def>

<i>Fleming.</i>

<h1>Organotrophic</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or`ga*no*troph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Organo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to nourish.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to the creation, organization, and nutrition of living organs or parts.</def>

<h1>Organule</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or"gan*ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>organ</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the essential cells or elements of an organ. See <cref>Sense organule</cref>, under <er>Sense</er>.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Organy</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or"ga*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>Organe</ets>, from the Latin. See <er>Origan</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Origan</er>.</def>

<h1>Organzine</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or"gan*zine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>organsin</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>organsino</ets>, It. <ets>organzino</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of double thrown silk of very fine texture, that is, silk twisted like a rope with different strands, so as to increase its strength.</def>

<h1>Orgasm</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or"gasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>orgasme</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ a kneading, softening, prob. confused with <?/ to swell, espicially with lust; to feel an ardent desire.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Eager or immoderate excitement or action; the state of turgescence of any organ; erethism; esp., the height of venereal excitement in sexual intercourse.</def>

<h1>Orgeat</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or"geat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>orge</ets> barley, L. <ets>hordeum</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sirup in which, formerly, a decoction of barley entered, but which is now prepared with an emulsion of almonds, -- used to flavor beverages or edibles.</def>

<h1>Orgeis</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or"ge*is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Organling</er>.</def>

<h1>Orgiastic</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or`gi*as"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Orgy</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, orgies.</def>

<i>Elton.</i>

<h1>Orgies</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or"gies</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Orgy</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <note>[The singular is rarely used.]</note> <ety>[F. <ets>orgie</ets>, <ets>orgies</ets>, L. <ets>orgia</ets>, pl., Gr. <?/; akin to <?/ work. See <er>Organ</er>, and <er>Work</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A sacrifice accompanied by certain ceremonies in honor of some pagan deity; especially, the ceremonies observed by the Greeks and Romans in the worship of Dionysus, or Bacchus, which were characterized by wild and dissolute revelry.</def>

<blockquote>As when, with crowned cups, unto the Elian god,
Those priests high <b>orgies</b> held.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Drunken revelry; a carouse.</def>

<i>B. Jonson. Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Orgillous</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or"gil*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>orguillous</ets>, F. <ets>orgueilleux</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>orgoil</ets> pride, F. <ets>orgueil</ets>.]</ety> <def>Proud; haughty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Orgue</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Orgue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>organum</ets> organ, Gr. <?/. See <er>Organ</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of a number of long, thick pieces of timber, pointed and shod with iron, and suspended, each by a separate rope, over a gateway, to be let down in case of attack.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A piece of ordnance, consisting of a number of musket barrels arranged so that a match or train may connect with all their touchholes, and a discharge be secured almost or quite simultaneously.</def>

<h1>Orgulous</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or"gu*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Orgillous</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Orgy</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Orgies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A frantic revel; drunken revelry. See <er>Orgies</er></def>

<h1>Orgyia</h1>
<Xpage=1011>

<hw>Or*gy"i*a</hw> <tt>(?, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the length of the outstretched arms. So named because, when at rest, it stretches forward its fore legs like arms.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>. <def>A genus of bombycid moths whose caterpillars (esp. those of <spn>Orgyia leucostigma</spn>) are often very injurious to fruit trees and shade trees. The female is wingless. Called also <altname>vaporer moth</altname>.</def>

<hr>
<page="1012">
Page 1012<p>

<h1>Oricalche</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw>Or"i*calche</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Orichalch</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Costly <b>oricalche</b> from strange Ph\'d2nice.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Orichalceous</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw>Or`i*chal"ce*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, orichalch; having a color or luster like that of brass.</def>

<i>Maunder.</i>

<h1>Orichalch</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw>Or"i*chalch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>orichalcum</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ mountain + <?/ brass: cf. F. <ets>orichalque</ets>.]</ety> <def>A metallic substance, resembling gold in color, but inferior in value; a mixed metal of the ancients, resembling brass; -- called also <altname>aurichalcum</altname>, <altname>orichalcum</altname>, etc.</def>

<h1>Oriel</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw>O"ri*el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>oriol</ets> gallery, corridor, LL. <ets>oriolum</ets> portico, hall, prob. fr. L. <ets>aureolus</ets> gilded, applied to an apartment decorated with gilding. See <er>Oriole</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>oriol</asp>, <asp>oryal</asp>, <asp>oryall</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A gallery for minstrels.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Hamper.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small apartment next a hall, where certain persons were accustomed to dine; a sort of recess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A bay window. See <er>Bay window</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The beams that thro' the <b>oriel</b> shine
Make prisms in every carven glass.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; There is no generally admitted difference between a bay window and an oriel. In the United States the latter name is often applied to bay windows which are small, and either polygonal or round; also, to such as are corbeled out from the wall instead of resting on the ground.</note>

<h1>Oriency</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw>O"ri*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Orient</er>.]</ety> <def>Brightness or strength of color.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>E. Waterhouse.</i>

<h1>Orient</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw>O"ri*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>oriens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>oriri</ets> to rise. See <er>Origin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rising, as the sun.</def>

<blockquote>Moon, that now meet'st the <b>orient</b> sun.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Eastern; oriental.</def> "The <i>orient</i> part."

<i>Hakluyt.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Bright; lustrous; superior; pure; perfect; pellucid; -- used of gems and also figuratively, because the most perfect jewels are found in the East.</def> "Pearls round and <i>orient</i>." <i>Jer. Taylor</i>. "<i>Orient</i> gems." <i>Wordsworth</i>.  "<i>Orient</i> liquor in a crystal glass." <i>Milton</i>.

<h1>Orient</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw>O"ri*ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The part of the horizon where the sun first appears in the morning; the east.</def>

<blockquote>[Morn] came furrowing all the <b>orient</b> into gold.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The countries of Asia or the East.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Best built city throughout the <b>Orient</b>.
<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pearl of great luster.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Orient</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw>O"ri*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>orienter</ets>. Cf. <er>Orientate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To define the position of, in relation to the orient or east; hence, to ascertain the bearings of.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To correct or set right by recurring to first principles; to arrange in order; to orientate.</def>

<h1>Oriental</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw>O`ri*en"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>orientalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>oriental</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the orient or east; eastern; concerned with the East or Orientalism; -- opposed to <i>occidental</i>; <as>as, <ex>Oriental</ex> countries</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The sun's ascendant and <b>oriental</b> radiations.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oriental</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw>O`ri*en"tal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of the Orient or some Eastern part of the world; an Asiatic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Eastern Christians of the Greek rite.</def>

<h1>Orientalism</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw>O`ri*en"tal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>orientalisme</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any system, doctrine, custom, expression, etc., peculiar to Oriental people.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Knowledge or use of Oriental languages, history, literature, etc.</def>

<i>London Quart. Rev.</i>

<h1>Orientalist</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw>O`ri*en"tal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>orientaliste</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An inhabitant of the Eastern parts of the world; an Oriental.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One versed in Eastern languages, literature, etc.; <as>as, the Paris Congress of <ex>Orientalists</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Sir J. Shore.</i>

<h1>Orientality</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw>O`ri*en*tal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being oriental or eastern.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Orientalize</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw>O`ri*en"tal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Orientalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Orientalizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>to render Oriental; to cause to conform to Oriental manners or conditions.</def>

<h1>Orientate</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw>O"ri*en*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Orientated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Orientating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Orient</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To place or turn toward the east; to cause to assume an easterly direction, or to veer eastward.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To arrange in order; to dispose or place (a body) so as to show its relation to other bodies, or the relation of its parts among themselves.</def>

<blockquote>A crystal is <b>orientated</b> when placed in its proper position so as to exhibit its symmetry.
<i>E. S. Dana.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Orientate</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw>O"ri*en*tate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To move or turn toward the east; to veer from the north or south toward the east.</def>

<h1>Orientation</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw>O`ri*en*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>orientation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of orientating; determination of the points of the compass, or the east point, in taking bearings.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The tendency of a revolving body, when suspended in a certain way, to bring the axis of rotation into parallelism with the earth's axis.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An aspect or fronting to the east; especially <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, the placing of a church so that the chancel, containing the altar toward which the congregation fronts in worship, will be on the east end.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fig.: A return to first principles; an orderly arrangement.</def>

<blockquote>The task of <b>orientation</b> undertaken in this chapter.
<i>L. F. Ward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Orientness</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw>O"ri*ent*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being orient or bright; splendor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Orifice</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw>Or"i*fice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from L. <ets>orificium</ets>; <ets>os</ets>, <ets>oris</ets>, a mouth + <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Oral</er>, and <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <def>A mouth or aperture, as of a tube, pipe, etc.; an opening; <as>as, the <ex>orifice</ex> of an artery or vein; the <ex>orifice</ex> of a wound.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Etna was bored through the top with a monstrous <b>orifice</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oriflamb, Oriflamme</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw><hw>Or"i*flamb</hw>, <hw>Or"i*flamme</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>oriflamme</ets>, OF. <ets>oriflambe</ets>, LL. <ets>auriflamma</ets>; L. <ets>aurum</ets> gold + <ets>flamma</ets> flame; cf. L. <ets>flammula</ets> a little banner. So called because it was a flag of red silk, split into many points, and borne on a gilded lance.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The ancient royal standard of France.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A standard or ensign, in battle.</def> "A handkerchief like an <i>oriflamb</i>."

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<blockquote>And be your <b>oriflamme</b> to-day the helmet of Navarre.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Origan, Origanum</h1>
<Xpage=1012>

<hw><hw>Or"i*gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O*rig"a*num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>origanum</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, prob. fr. <?/ mountain + <?/ brightness, beauty. Cf. <er>Organy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of aromatic labiate plants, including the sweet marjoram (<spn>O. Marjorana</spn>) and the wild marjoram (<spn>O. vulgare</spn>).</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Origenism</h1>
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<hw>Or"i*gen*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>The opinions of <i>Origen</i> of Alexandria, who lived in the 3d century, one of the most learned of the Greek Fathers. Prominent in his teaching was the doctrine that all created beings, including Satan, will ultimately be saved.</def>

<h1>Origenist</h1>
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<hw>Or"i*gen*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A follower of Origen of Alexandria.</def>

<h1>Origin</h1>
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<hw>Or"i*gin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>origine</ets>, L. <ets>origo</ets>, <ets>-iginis</ets>, fr. <ets>oriri</ets> to rise, become visible; akin to Gr. <?/ to stir up, rouse, Skr. <ets>r</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>run</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The first existence or beginning of anything; the birth.</def>

<blockquote>This mixed system of opinion and sentiment had its <b>origin</b> in the ancient chivalry.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That from which anything primarily proceeds; the fountain; the spring; the cause; the occasion.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The point of attachment or end of a muscle which is fixed during contraction; -- in contradistinction to <i>insertion</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Origin of co\'94rdinate axes</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the point where the axes intersect. See Note under <er>Ordinate</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Commencement; rise; source; spring; fountain; derivation; cause; root; foundation.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Origin</er>, <er>Source</er>. <i>Origin</i> denotes the rise or commencement of a thing; <i>source</i> presents itself under the image of a fountain flowing forth in a continuous stream of influences. The <i>origin</i> of moral evil has been much disputed, but no one can doubt that it is the <i>source</i> of most of the calamities of our race.</usage>

<blockquote>I think he would have set out just as he did, with the <b>origin</b> of ideas -- the proper starting point of a grammarian, who is to treat of their signs.
<i>Tooke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Famous Greece,
That <b>source</b> of art and cultivated thought
Which they to Rome, and Romans hither, brought.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Originable</h1>
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<hw>O*rig"i*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being originated.</def>

<h1>Original</h1>
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<hw>O*rig"i*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>original</ets>, L. <ets>originalis</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the origin or beginning; preceding all others; first in order; primitive; primary; pristine; <as>as, the <ex>original</ex> state of man; the <ex>original</ex> laws of a country; the <ex>original</ex> inventor of a process.</as></def>

<blockquote>His form had yet not lost
All her <b>original</b> brightness.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>
<-- #sic. "her" refers to form, apparently considered feminine in gender. -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not copied, imitated, or translated; new; fresh; genuine; <as>as, an <ex>original</ex> thought; an <ex>original</ex> process; the <ex>original</ex> text of Scripture.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having the power to suggest new thoughts or combinations of thought; inventive; <as>as, an <ex>original</ex> genius</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Before unused or unknown; new; <as>as, a book full of <ex>original</ex> matter</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Original sin</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>the first sin of Adam, as related to its consequences to his descendants of the human race; -- called also <altname>total depravity</altname>. See <er>Calvinism</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Original</h1>
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<hw>O*rig"i*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>original</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Origin; commencement; source.</def>

<blockquote>It hath it <b>original</b> from much grief.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And spangled heavens, a shining frame,
Their great <b>Original</b> proclaim.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which precedes all others of its class; archetype; first copy; hence, an original work of art, manuscript, text, and the like, as distinguished from a copy, translation, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The Scriptures may be now read in their own <b>original</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An original thinker or writer; an originator.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Men who are bad at copying, yet are good <b>originals</b>.
<i>C. G. Leland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A person of marked eccentricity.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l. & Bot.)</fld> <def>The natural or wild species from which a domesticated or cultivated variety has been derived; <as>as, the wolf is thought by some to be the <ex>original</ex> of the dog, the blackthorn the <ex>original</ex> of the plum</as>.</def>

<h1>Originalist</h1>
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<hw>O*rig"i*nal*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is original.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Originality</h1>
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<hw>O*rig`i*nal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>originalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being original.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Originally</h1>
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<hw>O*rig"i*nal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the original time, or in an original manner; primarily; from the beginning or origin; not by derivation, or imitation.</def>

<blockquote>God is <b>originally</b> holy in himself.
<i>Bp. Pearson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>At first; at the origin; at the time of formation or costruction; <as>as, a book <ex>originally</ex> written by another hand</as>.</def> "<i>Originally</i> a half length [portrait]."

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Originalness</h1>
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<hw>O*rig"i*nal*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being original; originality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Originant</h1>
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<hw>O*rig"i*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Originating; original.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>An absolutely <b>originant</b> act of self will.
<i>Prof. Shedd.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Originary</h1>
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<hw>O*rig"i*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>originarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>originaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Causing existence; productive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The production of animals, in the <b>originary</b> way, requires a certain degree of warmth.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Primitive; primary; original.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The grand <b>originary</b> right of all rights.
<i>Hickok.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Originate</h1>
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<hw>O*rig"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Originated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Originating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Origin</er>.]</ety> <def>To give an origin or beginning to; to cause to be; to bring into existence; to produce as new.</def>

<blockquote>A decomposition of the whole civill and political mass, for the purpose of <b>originating</b> a new civil order.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Originate</h1>
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<hw>O*rig"i*nate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take first existence; to have origin or beginning; to begin to exist or act; <as>as, the scheme <ex>originated</ex> with the governor and council</as>.</def>

<h1>Origination</h1>
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<hw>O*rig`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>originatio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of bringing or coming into existence; first production.</def> "The <i>origination</i> of the universe."

<i>Keill.</i>

<blockquote>What comes from spirit is a spontaneous <b>origination</b>.
<i>Hickok.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mode of production, or bringing into being.</def>

<blockquote>This eruca is propagated by animal parents, to wit, butterflies, after the common <b>origination</b> of all caterpillars.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Originative</h1>
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<hw>O*rig"i*na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power, or tending, to originate, or bring into existence; originating.</def> <i>H. Bushnell</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>O*rig"i*na*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Originator</h1>
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<hw>O*rig"i*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who originates.</def>

<h1>Orillon</h1>
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<hw>O*ril"lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., lit., a little ear, from <ets>oreille</ets> an ear, fr. L. <ets>oricula</ets>, <ets>auricula</ets>, dim. of <ets>auris</ets> an ear. See <er>Ear</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A semicircular projection made at the shoulder of a bastion for the purpose of covering the retired flank, -- found in old fortresses.</def>

<h1>Oriol</h1>
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<hw>O"ri*ol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Oriel</er>.</def>

<h1>Oriole</h1>
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<hw>O"ri*ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>oriol</ets>, <ets>oriouz</ets>, <ets>orieus</ets>, F. <ets>loriot</ets> (for <ets>l'oriol</ets>), fr. L. <ets>aureolus</ets> golden, dim. of <ets>aureus</ets> golden, fr. <ets>aurum</ets> gold. Cf. <er>Aureole</er>, <er>Oriel</er>, <er>Loriot</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def> Any one of various species of Old World singing birds of the family <spn>Oriolid\'91</spn>. They are usually conspicuously colored with yellow and black. The European or golden oriole (<spn>Oriolus galbula</spn>, or <spn>O. oriolus</spn>) has a very musical flutelike note. </def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In America, any one of several species of the genus <spn>Icterus</spn>, belonging to the family <spn>Icterid\'91</spn>. See <er>Baltimore oriole</er>, and <cref>Orchard oriole</cref>, under <er>Orchard</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Crested oriole</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Cassican</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Orion</h1>
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<hw>O*ri"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, orig., a celebrated hunter in the oldest Greek mythology, after whom this constellation was named.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A large and bright constellation on the equator, between the stars Aldebaran and Sirius. It contains a remarkable nebula visible to the naked eye.</def>

<blockquote>The flaming glories of <b>Orion's</b> belt.
<i>E. Everett.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oriskany</h1>
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<hw>O*ris"ka*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Oriskany</ets>, in New York.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Designating, or pertaining to, certain beds, chiefly limestone, characteristic of the latest period of the Silurian age.</def>

<cs><col>Oriskany period</col>, <cd>a subdivision of the American Paleozoic system intermediate or translational in character between the Silurian and Devonian ages. See <i>Chart<i> of <er>Geology</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Orismological</h1>
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<hw>O*ris`mo*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to orismology.</def>

<h1>Orismology</h1>
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<hw>O`ris*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a marking out by boundaries, the definition of a word + <ets>-logy</ets>. See <er>Horizon</er>.]</ety> <def>That departament of natural history which treats of technical terms.</def>

<h1>Orison</h1>
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<hw>Or"i*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>orison</ets>, <ets>oreson</ets>, <ets>oreison</ets>, F. <ets>oraison</ets>, fr. L. <ets>oratio</ets> speech, prayer. See <er>Oration</er>.]</ety> <def>A prayer; a supplication.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Lowly they bowed, adoring, and began
Their <b>orisons</b>, each morning duly paid.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Orisont</h1>
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<hw>Or"i*sont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Horizon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ork</h1>
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<hw>Ork</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Orc</er>.</def>

<h1>Orkneyan</h1>
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<hw>Ork"ney*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Orkney islands.</def> "<i>Orkneyan</i> skerries."

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Orle</h1>
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<hw>Orle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>orle</ets> an orle, a fillet, fr. LL. <ets>orla</ets> border, dim. of L. <ets>ora</ets> border, margin.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing, in the form of a fillet, round the shield, within, but at some distance from, the border.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The wreath, or chaplet, surmounting or encircling the helmet of a knight and bearing the crest.</def>

<cs><col>In orle</col>, <cd>round the escutcheon, leaving the middle of the field vacant, or occupied by something else; -- said of bearings arranged on the shield in the form of an orle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Orleans</h1>
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<hw>Or"le*ans</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from the city of <ets>Orl\'82ans</ets>, in France.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cloth made of worsted and cotton, -- used for wearing apparel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A variety of the plum. See under <er>Plum</er>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Orlo</h1>
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<hw>Or"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A wind instrument of music in use among the Spaniards.</def>

<h1>Orlop</h1>
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<hw>Or"lop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>overloop</ets> the upper deck, lit., a running over or overflowing, fr. <ets>overloopen</ets> to run over. See <er>Over</er>, and <er>Leap</er>, and cf. <er>Overloop</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The lowest deck of a vessel, esp. of a ship of war, consisting of a platform laid over the beams in the hold, on which the cables are coiled.</def>

<h1>Ormer</h1>
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<hw>Or"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An abalone.</def>

<hr>
<page="1013">
Page 1013<p>

<h1>Ormolu</h1>
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<hw>Or`mo*lu"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>or moulu</ets>; <ets>or</ets> gold (L. <ets>aurum</ets>) + <ets>moulu</ets>, p. p. of <ets>moudre</ets> to grind, to mill, L. <ets>molere</ets>. See <er>Aureate</er>, and <er>Mill</er>.]</ety> <def>A variety of brass made to resemble gold by the use of less zinc and more copper in its composition than ordinary brass contains. Its golden color is often heightened by means of lacquer of some sort, or by use of acids. Called also <altname>mosaic gold</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Ormolu varnish</col>, <cd>a varnish applied to metals, as brass, to give the appearance of gold.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ormuzd</h1>
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<hw>Or"muzd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Zend <ets>Ahuramazda</ets>.]</ety> <def>The good principle, or being, of the ancient Persian religion. See <er>Ahriman</er>.</def>

<h1>Orn</h1>
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<hw>Orn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To ornament; to adorn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Joye.</i>

<h1>Ornament</h1>
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<hw>Or"na*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ornement</ets>, F. <ets>ornement</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ornamentum</ets>, fr. <ets>ornare</ets> to adorn.]</ety> <def>That which embellishes or adorns; that which adds grace or beauty; embellishment; decoration; adornment.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>ornament</b> of a meek and quiet spirit.
<i>1 Pet. iii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Like that long-buried body of the king
Found lying with his urns and <b>ornaments</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ornament</h1>
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<hw>Or"na*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ornamented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ornamenting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To adorn; to deck; to embellish; to beautify; <as>as, to <ex>ornament</ex> a room, or a city</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Adorn</er>.</syn>

<h1>Ornamental</h1>
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<hw>Or`na*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>ornemental</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to ornament; characterized by ornament; beautifying; embellishing.</def>

<blockquote>Some think it most <b>ornamental</b> to wear their bracelets on their wrists; others, about their ankles.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ornamentally</h1>
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<hw>Or`na*men"tal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of ornament.</def>

<h1>Ornamentation</h1>
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<hw>Or`na*men*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or art of ornamenting, or the state of being ornamented.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which ornaments; ornament.</def>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Ornamenter</h1>
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<hw>Or"na*ment*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who ornaments; a decorator.</def>

<h1>Ornate</h1>
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<hw>Or*nate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ornatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ornare</ets> to adorn.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Adorned; decorated; beautiful.</def> "So bedecked, <i>ornate</i>, and gay."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Finely finished, as a style of composition.</def>

<blockquote>A graceful and <b>ornate</b> rhetoric.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ornate</h1>
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<hw>Or*nate"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To adorn; to honor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>They may <b>ornate</b> and sanctify the name of God.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ornately</h1>
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<hw>Or*nate"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ornate manner.</def>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Ornateness</h1>
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<hw>Or*nate"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being ornate.</def>

<h1>Ornature</h1>
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<hw>Or"na*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ornatura</ets>.]</ety> <def>Decoration; ornamentation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Ornithic</h1>
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<hw>Or*nith"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a bird.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to birds; <as>as, <ex>ornithic</ex> fossils</as>.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Ornithichnite</h1>
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<hw>Or`nith*ich"nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ornitho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ track.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>The footmark of a bird occurring in strata of stone.</def>

<i>Hitchcock.</i>

<h1>Ornithichnology</h1>
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<hw>Or`nith*ich*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ornitho-</ets> + <ets>ichnology</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>The branch of science which treats of ornithichnites.</def>

<i>Hitchcock.</i>

<h1>Ornitho-</h1>
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<hw>Ornitho-</hw>. <ety>[Cf. <er>Ern</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a bird.</def>

<h1>Ornithodelphia</h1>
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<hw>Or*ni`tho*del"phi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ the womb.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Monotremata</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Or`ni*tho*del"phid</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ornithoidichnite</h1>
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<hw>Or`ni*thoid*ich"nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ornitho-</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets> + Gr. <?/ footstep, track.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil track resembling that of a bird.</def>

<i>Hitchcock.</i>

<h1>Ornitholite</h1>
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<hw>Or*nith"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ornitho-</ets> + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fossil remains of a bird.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A stone of various colors bearing the figures of birds.</def>

<h1>Ornithologic, Ornithological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Or`ni*tho*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Or`ni*tho*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ornithologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to ornithology.</def>

<h1>Ornithologist</h1>
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<hw>Or`ni*thol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ornithologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in ornithology; a student of ornithology; one who describes birds.</def>

<h1>Ornithology</h1>
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<hw>Or`ni*thol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ornitho-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ornithologie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That branch of zo\'94logy which treats of the natural history of birds and their classification.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A treatise or book on this science.</def>

<h1>Ornithomancy</h1>
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<hw>Or*nith"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, a bird + <?/ divination: cf. F. <ets>ornithomancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of birds, their flight, etc.</def>

<blockquote><b>Ornithomancy</b> grew into an elaborate science.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ornithon</h1>
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<hw>Or*ni"thon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, a bird.]</ety> <def>An aviary; a poultry house.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Ornithopappi</h1>
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<hw>Or*ni`tho*pap"pi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a bird + <?/ an ancestor.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extinct order of birds. It includes only the Arch\'91opteryx.</def>

<h1>Ornithopoda</h1>
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<hw>Or`ni*thop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Ornitho-</er>, and <er>-poda</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An order of herbivorous dinosaurs with birdlike characteristics in the skeleton, esp. in the pelvis and hind legs, which in some genera had only three functional toes, and supported the body in walking as in Iguanodon. See <i>Illust</i>. in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Ornithorhynchus</h1>
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<hw>Or`ni*tho*rhyn"chus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a bird + <?/ snout, beak.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Duck mole</cref>, under <er>Duck</er>.</def>

<h1>Ornithosauria</h1>
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<hw>Or*ni`tho*sau"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Ornitho-</er>, and <er>Sauria</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An order of extinct flying reptiles; -- called also <altname><spn>Pterosauria</spn></altname>.</def>

<h1>Ornithoscelida</h1>
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<hw>Or*ni`tho*scel"i*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a bird + <?/ a leg.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of extinct Reptilia, intermediate in structure (especially with regard to the pelvis) between reptiles and birds.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Or`ni*tho*scel"i*dan</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ornithoscopy</h1>
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<hw>Or`ni*thos"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ornitho-</ets> + <ets>-scopy</ets>: cf. Gr. <?/ divination from birds.]</ety> <def>Observation of birds and their habits.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Ornithotomical</h1>
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<hw>Or`ni*tho*tom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ornithotomy.</def>

<h1>Ornithotomist</h1>
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<hw>Or`ni*thot"o*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is skilled in ornithotomy.</def>

<h1>Ornithotomy</h1>
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<hw>Or`ni*thot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a bird + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <def>The anatomy or dissection of birds.</def>

<h1>Orographic, Orographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Or`o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Or`o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to orography.</def>

<h1>Orography</h1>
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<hw>O*rog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a mountain + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of science which treats of mountains and mountain systems; orology; <as>as, the <ex>orography</ex> of Western Europe</as>.</def>

<h1>Orohippus</h1>
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<hw>Or`o*hip"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ mountain (referring to the Rocky Mountain region) + <?/ horse.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of American Eocene mammals allied to the horse, but having four toes in front and three behind.</def>

<h1>Oroide</h1>
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<hw>O"roide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>or</ets> gold (L. <ets>aurum</ets>) + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <def>An alloy, chiefly of copper and zinc or tin, resembling gold in color and brilliancy.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>oreide</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Orological</h1>
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<hw>Or`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>orologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to orology.</def>

<h1>Orologist</h1>
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<hw>O*rol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in orology.</def>

<h1>Orology</h1>
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<hw>O*rol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ mountain + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>orologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science or description of mountains.</def>

<h1>Orotund</h1>
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<hw>O"ro*tund`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>os</ets>, <ets>oris</ets>, the mouth + <ets>rotundus</ets> round, smooth.]</ety> <def>Characterized by fullness, clearness, strength, and smoothness; ringing and musical; -- said of the voice or manner of utterance.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The orotund voice or utterance</def></def2>

<i>Rush.</i>

<h1>Orotundity</h1>
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<hw>O`ro*tun"di*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The orotund mode of intonation.</def>

<h1>Orphaline</h1>
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<hw>Or"pha*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Orpheline</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Orphan</h1>
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<hw>Or"phan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>orphanus</ets>, Gr. <?/, akin to L. <ets>orbus</ets>. Cf. <er>Orb</er> a blank window.]</ety> <def>A child bereaved of both father and mother; sometimes, also, a child who has but one parent living.</def>

<cs><col>Orphans' court</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a court in some of the States of the Union, having jurisdiction over the estates and persons of orphans or other wards.</cd></cs>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Orphan</h1>
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<hw>Or"phan</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bereaved of parents, or (sometimes) of one parent.</def>

<h1>Orphan</h1>
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<hw>Or"phan</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Orphaned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Orphaning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause to become an orphan; to deprive of parents.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Orphanage</h1>
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<hw>Or"phan*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being an orphan; orphanhood; orphans, collectively.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An institution or asylum for the care of orphans.</def>

<h1>Orphancy</h1>
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<hw>Or"phan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Orphanhood.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Orphanet</h1>
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<hw>Or"phan*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little orphan.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Orphanhood</h1>
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<hw>Or"phan*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of being an orphan; orphanage.</def>

<h1>Orphanism</h1>
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<hw>Or"phan*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Orphanhood.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Orphanotrophism</h1>
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<hw>Or`phan*ot"ro*phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The care and support of orphans.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cotton Mather (1711).</i>

<h1>Orphanotrophy</h1>
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<hw>Or`phan*ot"ro*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>orphanotrophium</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ an orphan + <?/ to feed, bring up.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A hospital for orphans.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>A. Chalmers.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of supporting orphans.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Orpharion</h1>
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<hw>Or*pha"ri*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An old instrument of the lute or cittern kind.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>orpheoreon</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Orphean</h1>
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<hw>Or*phe"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Orph</ets><?/<ets>us</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Orpheus, the mythic poet and musician; <as>as, <ex>Orphean</ex> strains</as>.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Orpheline</h1>
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<hw>Or"phe*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>orphelin</ets>. See <er>Orphan</er>.]</ety> <def>An orphan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udcll.</i>

<h1>Orpheus</h1>
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<hw>Or"phe*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Orpheus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>The famous mythic Thracian poet, son of the Muse Calliope, and husband of Eurydice. He is reputed to have had power to entrance beasts and inanimate objects by the music of his lyre.</def>

<h1>Orphic</h1>
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<hw>Or"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Orphicus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Orpheus; Orphean; <as>as, <ex>Orphic</ex> hymns</as>.</def>

<h1>Orphrey</h1>
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<hw>Or"phrey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Orfrays</er>.]</ety> <def>A band of rich embroidery, wholly or in part of gold, affixed to vestments, especially those of ecclesiastics.</def>

<i>Pugin.</i>

<h1>Orpiment</h1>
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<hw>Or"pi*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>auripigmentum</ets>; <ets>aurum</ets> gold + <ets>pigmentum</ets> pigment. Cf. <er>Aureate</er>, <er>Pigment</er>, <er>Orpin</er>, <er>Orpine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Arsenic sesquisulphide, produced artificially as an amorphous lemonyellow powder, and occurring naturally as a yellow crystalline mineral; -- formerly called <i>auripigment</i>. It is used in king's yellow, in white Indian fire, and in certain technical processes, as indigo printing.</def>

<blockquote>Our <b>orpiment</b> and sublimed mercurie.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Red orpiment</col>, <cd>realgar; the red sulphide of arsenic.</cd> -- <col>Yellow orpiment</col>, <cd>king's yellow.</cd></cs>

<h1>Orpin</h1>
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<hw>Or"pin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., orpiment, also, the plant orpine. See <er>Orpiment</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A yellow pigment of various degrees of intensity, approaching also to red.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The orpine.</def>

<h1>Orpine</h1>
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<hw>Or"pine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>orpin</ets> the genus of plants which includes orpine; -- so called from the yellow blossoms of a common species (<ets>Sedum acre</ets>).  See <er>Orpiment</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A low plant with fleshy leaves (<spn>Sedum telephium</spn>), having clusters of purple flowers. It is found on dry, sandy places, and on old walls, in England, and has become naturalized in America. Called also <altname>stonecrop</altname>, and <altname>live-forever</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>orpin</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Orrach</h1>
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<hw>Or"rach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Orach</er>.</def>

<h1>Orrery</h1>
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<hw>Or"re*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Orreries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[So named in honor of the Earl of <ets>Orrery</ets>.]</ety> <def>An apparatus which illustrates, by the revolution of balls moved by wheelwork, the relative size, periodic motions, positions, orbits, etc., of bodies in the solar system.</def>

<h1>Orris</h1>
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<hw>Or"ris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. corrupted from It. <ets>ireos</ets> iris. See <er>Iris</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Iris</spn> (<spn>I. Florentina</spn>); a kind of flower-de-luce. Its rootstock has an odor resembling that of violets.</def>

<cs><col>Orris pea</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an issue pea made from orris root.</cd> -- <col>Orris root</col>, <cd>the fragrant rootstock of the orris.</cd></cs>

<h1>Orris</h1>
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<hw>Or"ris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <ety>[Contr. from <ets>orfrays</ets>, or from <ets>arras</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sort of gold or silver lace.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A peculiar pattern in which gold lace or silver lace is worked; especially, one in which the edges are ornamented with conical figures placed at equal distances, with spots between them.</def>

<h1>Orsedew, Orsedue</h1>
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<hw><hw>Orse"dew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Or"se*due</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Leaf metal of bronze; Dutch metal. See under <er>Dutch</er>.</def>

<h1>Orseille</h1>
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<hw>Or`seille"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Archil</er>.</def>

<h1>Orsellic</h1>
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<hw>Or*sel"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From F. <ets>orseille</ets> archil. See <er>Archil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in certain lichens, and called also <i>lecanoric acid</i>.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>orseillic</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Orsellinic</h1>
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<hw>Or`sel*lin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid obtained by a partial decomposition of orsellic acid as a white crystalline substance, and related to protocatechuic acid.</def>

<h1>Ort</h1>
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<hw>Ort</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Orts</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Akin to LG. <ets>ort</ets>, <ets>ortels</ets>, remnants of food, refuse, OFries. <ets>ort</ets>, OD. <ets>oorete</ets>, <ets>ooraete</ets>; prob. from the same prefix as in E. <ets>or</ets>deal + a word akin to <ets>eat</ets>.]</ety> <def>A morsel left at a meal; a fragment; refuse; -- commonly used in the plural.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Let him have time a beggar's <b>orts</b> to crave.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ortalidian</h1>
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<hw>Or`ta*lid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous small two-winged flies of the family <spn>Ortalid\'91</spn>. The larv\'91 of many of these flies live in fruit; those of others produce galls on various plants.</def>

<h1>Orthid</h1>
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<hw>Or"thid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A brachiopod shell of the genus Orthis, and allied genera, of the family <spn>Orthid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Orthis</h1>
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<hw>Or"this</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ straight.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of Brachiopoda, abundant in the Paleozoic rocks.</def>

<h1>Orthite</h1>
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<hw>Or"thite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ straight.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of allanite occurring in slender prismatic crystals.</def>

<h1>Ortho-</h1>
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<hw>Or"tho-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ straight; akin to Skr. <ets><?/rdhva</ets> upright, <ets>vrdh</ets> to grow, to cause to grow.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A combining form signifying <i>straight</i>, <i>right</i>, <i>upright</i>, <i>correct</i>, <i>regular</i>; <as>as, <ex>ortho</ex>dromy, <ex>ortho</ex>diagonal, <ex>ortho</ex>dox, <ex>ortho</ex>graphic</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combining form (also used adjectively)</def>, designating: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Inorganic Chem.)</fld> <def>The one of several acids of the same element (as the phosphoric acids), which actually occurs with <i>the greatest number of hydroxyl groups</i>; <as>as, <ex>ortho</ex>phosphoric acid</as>. Cf. <er>Normal</er>.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Organic Chem.)</fld> <def><i>Connection with</i>, or <i>affinity to</i>, one variety of isomerism, characteristic of the benzene compounds; -- contrasted with <contr>meta-</contr> or <contr>para-</contr>; <as>as, the <ex>ortho</ex> position</as>; hence, designating any substance showing such isomerism; <as>as, an <ex>ortho</ex> compound</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; In the graphic representation of the benzene nucleus (see <cref>Benzene nucleus</cref>, under <er>Benzene</er>), provisionally adopted, any substance exhibiting double substitution in adjacent and contiguous carbon atoms, as 1 & 2, 3 & 4, 4 & 5, etc., is designated by <i>ortho-</i>; as, <i>ortho</i>xylene; any substance exhibiting substitution of two carbon atoms with one intervening, as 1 & 3, 2 & 4, 3 & 5, 4 & 6, etc., by <i>meta-</i>; as, resorcin or <i>meta</i>xylene; any substance exhibiting substitution in opposite parts, as 1 & 4, 2 & 5, 3 & 6, by <i>para-</i>; as, hydroquinone or <i>para</i>xylene.</note>

<h1>Orthocarbonic</h1>
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<hw>Or`tho*car*bon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + <ets>carbonic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Designating a complex ether, <chform>C.(OC2H5)4</chform>, which is obtained as a liquid of a pleasant ethereal odor by means of chlorpicrin, and is believed to be a derivative of the hypothetical normal carbonic acid, <chform>C.(OH)4</chform>.</def>

<h1>Orthocenter</h1>
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<hw>Or`tho*cen"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + <ets>center</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>That point in which the three perpendiculars let fall from the angles of a triangle upon the opposite sides, or the sides produced, mutually intersect.</def>

<h1>Orthoceras</h1>
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<hw>Or*thoc"e*ras</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ straight + <?/ a horn.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of Paleozoic Cephalopoda, having a long, straight, conical shell. The interior is divided into numerous chambers by transverse septa.</def>

<h1>Orthoceratite</h1>
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<hw>Or`tho*cer"a*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, a horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An orthoceras; also, any fossil shell allied to Orthoceras.</def>

<h1>Orthoclase</h1>
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<hw>Or"tho*clase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to break.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Common or potash feldspar crystallizing in the monoclinic system and having two cleavages at right angles to each other. See <er>Feldspar</er>.</def>

<h1>Orthoclastic</h1>
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<hw>Or`tho*clas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Breaking in directions at right angles to each other; -- said of the monoclinic feldspars.</def>

<h1>Orthodiagonal</h1>
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<hw>Or`tho*di*ag"o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + <ets>diagonal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The diagonal or lateral axis in a monoclinic crystal which is at right angles with the vertical axis.</def>

<h1>Orthodome</h1>
<Xpage=1013>

<hw>Or"tho*dome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + <ets>dome</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>See the Note under <er>Dome</er>, 4.</def>

<h1>Orthodox</h1>
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<hw>Or"tho*dox</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>orthodoxus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ right, true + <?/ opinion, <?/ to think, seem; cf. F. <ets>orthodoxe</ets>. See <er>Ortho-</er>, <er>Dogma</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sound in opinion or doctrine, especially in religious doctrine; hence, holding the Christian faith; believing the doctrines taught in the Scriptures; -- opposed to <ant>heretical</ant> and <ant>heterodox</ant>; <as>as, an <ex>orthodox</ex> Christian</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>According or congruous with the doctrines of Scripture, the creed of a church, the decree of a council, or the like; <as>as, an <ex>orthodox</ex> opinion, book, etc</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Approved; conventional.</def>

<blockquote>He saluted me on both cheeks in the <b>orthodox</b> manner.
<i>H. R. Haweis.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The term <i>orthodox</i> differs in its use among the various Christian communions. The Greek Church styles itself the "Holy <i>Orthodox</i> Apostolic Church," regarding all other bodies of Christians as more or less heterodox. The Roman Catholic Church regards the Protestant churches as heterodox in many points. In the United States the term <i>orthodox</i> is frequently used with reference to divergent views on the doctrine of the Trinity. Thus it has been common to speak of the Trinitarian Congregational churches in distinction from the Unitarian, as <i>Orthodox</i>. The name is also applied to the conservative, in distinction from the "liberal", or Hicksite, body in the Society of Friends.</note>

<i>Schaff-Herzog Encyc.</i>

<hr>
<page="1014">
Page 1014<p>

<h1>Orthodoxal</h1>
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<hw>Or"tho*dox`al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or evincing, orthodoxy; orthodox.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Orthodoxality</h1>
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<hw>Or`tho*dox*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Orthodoxness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Orthodoxally</h1>
<Xpage=1014>

<hw>Or"tho*dox`al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Orthodoxly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton</i>

<h1>Orthodoxastical</h1>
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<hw>Or`tho*dox*as"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Orthodox.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Orthodoxical</h1>
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<hw>Or`tho*dox"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or evincing, orthodoxy; orthodox.</def>

<h1>Orthodoxly</h1>
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<hw>Or"tho*dox`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an orthodox manner; with soundness of faith.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Orthodoxness</h1>
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<hw>Or"tho*dox`ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being orthodox; orthodoxy.</def>

<i>Waterland.</i>

<h1>Orthodoxy</h1>
<Xpage=1014>

<hw>Or"tho*dox`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>orthodoxie</ets>. See <er>Orthodox</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Soundness of faith; a belief in the doctrines taught in the Scriptures, or in some established standard of faith; -- opposed to <i>heterodoxy</i> or to <i>heresy</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Basil himself bears full and clear testimony to Gregory's <b>orthodoxy</b>.
<i>Waterland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consonance to genuine Scriptural doctrines; -- said of moral doctrines and beliefs; <as>as, the <ex>orthodoxy</ex> of a creed</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>By extension, said of any correct doctrine or belief.</def>

<h1>Orthodromic</h1>
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<hw>Or`tho*drom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to run.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to orthodromy.</def>

<h1>Orthodromics</h1>
<Xpage=1014>

<hw>Or`tho*drom"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of sailing in a direct course, or on the arc of a great circle, which is the shortest distance between any two points on the surface of the globe; great-circle sailing; orthodromy.</def>

<h1>Orthodromy</h1>
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<hw>Or"tho*drom`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>orthodromie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or art of sailing on a great circle.</def>

<h1>Ortho\'89pic, Ortho\'89pical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Or`tho*\'89p"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Or`tho*\'89p"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ortho\'89py, or correct pronunciation.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Or`tho*\'89p"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ortho\'89pist</h1>
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<hw>Or"tho*\'89*pist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is skilled in ortho\'89py.</def>

<h1>Ortho\'89py</h1>
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<hw>Or"tho*\'89*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ right + <?/ a word: cf. F. <ets>ortho\'82pie</ets>. See <er>Ortho-</er>, and <er>Epic</er>.]</ety> <def>The art of uttering words corectly; a correct pronunciation of words; also, mode of pronunciation.</def>

<h1>Orthogamy</h1>
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<hw>Or*thog"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Direct fertilization in plants, as when the pollen fertilizing the ovules comes from the stamens of the same blossom; -- opposed to <i>heterogamy</i>.</def>

<h1>Orthognathic</h1>
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<hw>Or`thog*nath"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Orthognathous.</def>

<h1>Orthognathism</h1>
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<hw>Or*thog"na*thism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The quality or state of being orthognathous.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Orthognathous</h1>
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<hw>Or*thog"na*thous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the front of the head, or the skull, nearly perpendicular, not retreating backwards above the jaws; -- opposed to <ant>prognathous</ant>. See <cref>Gnathic index</cref>, under <er>Gnathic</er>.</def>

<h1>Orthogon</h1>
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<hw>Or"tho*gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ angle: cf. F. <ets>orthogone</ets>, a.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A rectangular figure.</def>

<h1>Orthogonal</h1>
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<hw>Or*thog"o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>orthogonal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Right-angled; rectangular; <as>as, an <ex>orthogonal</ex> intersection of one curve with another</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Orthogonal projection</col>.  <cd>See under <er>Orthographic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Orthogonally</h1>
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<hw>Or*thog"o*nal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Perpendicularly; at right angles; <as>as, a curve cuts a set of curves <ex>orthogonally</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Orthographer</h1>
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<hw>Or*thog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in orthography; one who spells words correctly.</def>

<h1>Orthographic, Orthographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Or`tho*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Or`tho*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>orthographique</ets>, L. <ets>orthographus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to orthography, or right spelling; also, correct in spelling; <as>as, <ex>orthographical</ex> rules; the letter was <ex>orthographic</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to right lines or angles.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Orthographic</col> &or; <col>Orthogonal</col>, <col>projection</col></mcol>, <cd>that projection which is made by drawing lines, from every point to be projected, perpendicular to the plane of projection. Such a projection of the sphere represents its circles as seen in perspective by an eye supposed to be placed at an infinite distance, the plane of projection passing through the center of the sphere perpendicularly to the line of sight.</cd></cs>

<h1>Orthographically</h1>
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<hw>Or`tho*graph"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an orthographical manner</def>: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>according to the rules of proper spelling</def>; <sd>(b)</sd> <def>according to orthographic projection.</def>

<h1>Orthographist</h1>
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<hw>Or*thog"ra*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who spells words correctly; an orthographer.</def>

<h1>Orthographize</h1>
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<hw>Or*thog"ra*phize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To spell correctly or according to usage; to correct in regard to spelling.</def>

<blockquote><b>In the</b> coalesced into <b>ith</b>, which modern reaction has <b>orthographized</b> to <b>i' th'</b>.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Orthography</h1>
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<hw>Or*thog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ortographie</ets>, OF. <ets>orthographie</ets>, L. <ets>orthographia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ writing correctly; <?/ right + <?/ to write. See <er>Ortho-</er>, and <er>Graphic</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or practice of writing words with the proper letters, according to standard usage; conventionally correct spelling; also, mode of spelling; <as>as, his <ex>orthography</ex> is vicious</as>.</def>

<blockquote>When spelling no longer follows the pronunciation, but is hardened into <b>orthography</b>.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The part of grammar which treats of the letters, and of the art of spelling words correctly.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A drawing in correct projection, especially an elevation or a vertical section.</def>

<h1>Orthology</h1>
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<hw>Or*thol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ right + <?/ speech, description: cf. F. <ets>orthologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The right description of things.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Orthometric</h1>
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<hw>Or`tho*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Orthometry</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Having the axes at right angles to one another; -- said of crystals or crystalline forms.</def>

<h1>Orthometry</h1>
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<hw>Or*thom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or practice of constructing verses correctly; the laws of correct versification.</def>

<h1>Orthomorphic</h1>
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<hw>Or`tho*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + <ets>morphic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Having the right form.</def>

<cs><col>Orthomorphic projection</col>, <cd>a projection in which the angles in the figure to be projected are equal to the corresponding angles in the projected figure.</cd></cs>

<h1>Orthopedic, Orthopedical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Or`tho*ped"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Or`tho*ped"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or employed in, orthopedy; relating to the prevention or cure of deformities of children, or, in general, of the human body at any age; <as>as, <ex>orthopedic</ex> surgery; an <ex>orthopedic</ex> hospital.</as></def>

<h1>Orthopedist</h1>
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<hw>Or*thop"e*dist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>One who prevents, cures, or remedies deformities, esp. in children.</def>

<h1>Orthopedy</h1>
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<hw>Or*thop"e*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, a child.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The art or practice of curing the deformities of children, or, by extension, any deformities of the human body.</def>

<h1>Orthophony</h1>
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<hw>Or*thoph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ voice.]</ety> <def>The art of correct articulation; voice training.</def>

<h1>Orthopinacoid</h1>
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<hw>Or`tho*pin"a*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + <ets>pinacoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A name given to the two planes in the monoclinic system which are parallel to the vertical and orthodiagonal axes.</def>

<h1>Orthopn</a, Orthopny</h1>
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<hw><hw>Or`thop*n<?/"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Or*thop"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>orthopnoea</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ straight, right + <?/ to breathe: cf. F. <ets>orthopn\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Specifically, a morbid condition in which respiration can be performed only in an erect posture; by extension, any difficulty of breathing.</def>

<h1>Orthopoda</h1>
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<hw>Or*thop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Ortho-</er>, and <er>-poda</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extinct order of reptiles which stood erect on the hind legs, and resembled birds in the structure of the feet, pelvis, and other parts.</def>

<h1>Orthopraxy</h1>
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<hw>Or"tho*prax`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ straight + <?/ a doing.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The treatment of deformities in the human body by mechanical appliances.</def>

<h1>Orthoptera</h1>
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<hw>Or*thop"te*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ straight + <?/ feather, wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of mandibulate insects including grasshoppers, locusts, cockroaches, etc. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Insect</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The anterior wings are usually thickened and protect the posterior wings, which are larger and fold longitudinally like a fan. The Orthoptera undergo no metamorphosis.</note>

<h1>Orthopteran</h1>
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<hw>Or*thop"ter*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Orthoptera.</def>

<h1>Orthopterous</h1>
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<hw>Or*thop"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Orthoptera.</def>

<h1>Orthorhombic</h1>
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<hw>Or`tho*rhom"bic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + <ets>rhombic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Noting the system of crystallization which has three unequal axes at right angles to each other; trimetric. See <er>Crystallization</er>.</def>

<h1>Orthoscope</h1>
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<hw>Or"tho*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physyol.)</fld> <def>An instrument designed to show the condition of the superficial portions of the eye.</def>

<h1>Orthoscopic</h1>
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<hw>Or`tho*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Giving an image in correct or normal proportions; giving a flat field of view; <as>as, an <ex>orthoscopic</ex> eyepiece</as>.</def>

<h1>Orthosilicic</h1>
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<hw>Or`tho*si*lic"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + <ets>silicic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Designating the form of silicic acid having the normal or highest number of hydroxyl groups.</def>

<h1>Orthospermous</h1>
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<hw>Or`tho*sper"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the seeds straight, as in the fruits of some umbelliferous plants; -- opposed to <i>c\'d2lospermous</i>.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Orthostade</h1>
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<hw>Or"tho*stade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ straight + <?/ to place.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Costume)</fld> <def>A chiton, or loose, ungirded tunic, falling in straight folds.</def>

<h1>Orthostichy</h1>
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<hw>Or*thos"ti*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Orthostichies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ row.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A longitudinal rank, or row, of leaves along a stem.</def>

<h1>Orthotomic</h1>
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<hw>Or`tho*tom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to cleave.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Cutting at right angles.</def>

<cs><col>Orthotomic circle</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>that circle which cuts three given circles at right angles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Orthotomous</h1>
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<hw>Or*thot"o*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Having two cleavages at right angles with one another.</def>

<h1>Orthotomy</h1>
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<hw>Or*thot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The property of cutting at right angles.</def>

<h1>Orthotone</h1>
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<hw>Or"tho*tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ tone, accent.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Gram.)</fld> <def>Retaining the accent; not enclitic; -- said of certain indefinite pronouns and adverbs when used interrogatively, which, when not so used, are ordinarilly enclitic.</def>

<h1>Orthotropal, Orthotropous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Or*thot"ro*pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Or*thot"ro*pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to turn: cf. F. <ets>orthotrope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the axis of an ovule or seed straight from the hilum and chalaza to the orifice or the micropyle; atropous.</def>

<note>&hand; This word has also been used (but improperly) to describe any embryo whose radicle points towards, or is next to, the hilum.</note>

<h1>Orthotropic</h1>
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<hw>Or`tho*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Orthotropal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the longer axis vertical; -- said of erect stems.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Orthoxylene</h1>
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<hw>Or`tho*xy"lene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ortho-</ets> + <ets>xylene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>That variety of xylene in which the two methyl groups are in the <i>ortho</i> position; a colorless, liquid, combustible hydrocarbon resembling benzene.</def>

<h1>Ortive</h1>
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<hw>Or"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ortivus</ets>, fr. <ets>oriri</ets>, <ets>ortus</ets>, to rise: cf. F. <ets>ortive</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to the time or act of rising; eastern; <as>as, the <ex>ortive</ex> amplitude of a planet</as>.</def>

<h1>Ortolan</h1>
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<hw>Or"to*lan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>ortolano</ets> ortolan, gardener, fr. L. <ets>hortulanus</ets> gardener, fr. <ets>hortulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>hortus</ets> garden. So called because it frequents the hedges of gardens. See <er>Yard</er> an inclosure, and cf. <er>Hortulan</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A European singing bird (<spn>Emberiza hortulana</spn>), about the size of the lark, with black wings. It is esteemed delicious food when fattened. Called also <altname>bunting</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In England, the wheatear (<spn>Saxicola \'d2nanthe</spn>).</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>In America, the sora, or Carolina rail (<spn>Porzana Carolina</spn>). See <er>Sora</er>.</def>

<h1>Ortygan</h1>
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<hw>Or"ty*gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a quail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of East Indian birds of the genera <spn>Ortygis</spn> and <spn>Hemipodius</spn>.  They resemble quails, but lack the hind toe. See <er>Turnix</er>.</def>

<h1>Orval</h1>
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<hw>Or"val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>orvale</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of sage (<spn>Salvia Horminum</spn>).</def>

<h1>Orvet</h1>
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<hw>Or`vet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The blindworm.</def>

<h1>Orvietan</h1>
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<hw>Or`vi*e"tan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>orvi\'82tan</ets>: cf. It. <ets>orvietano</ets>. So called because invented at <ets>Orvieto</ets>, in Italy.]</ety> <def>A kind of antidote for poisons; a counter poison formerly in vogue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>-ory</h1>
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<hw>-o*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>-orius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>-oire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An adjective suffix meaning <i>of</i> or <i>pertaining to</i>, <i>serving for</i>; as in audit<i>ory</i>, pertaining to or serving for hearing; prohibit<i>ory</i>, amendat<i>ory</i>, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[L. <ets>-orium</ets>: cf. F. <ets>-oire</ets>.]</ety> <def>A noun suffix denoting <i>that which pertains to</i>, or <i>serves for</i>; as in ambulat<i>ory</i>, that which serves for walking; consist<i>ory</i>, fact<i>ory</i>, etc.</def>

<h1>Oryal, Oryall</h1>
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<hw><hw>O"ry*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O"ry*all</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Oriel</er>.</def>

<h1>Oryctere</h1>
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<hw>Or"yc*tere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ digger: cf. F. <ets>oryct\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The aard-vark.</def>

<h1>Orycterope</h1>
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<hw>O*ryc"ter*ope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ digger + <?/ foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Oryctere</er>.</def>

<h1>Oryctognosy</h1>
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<hw>Or`yc*tog"no*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ dug (<?/ to dig) + <?/ knowledge.]</ety> <def>Mineralogy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Or`yc*tog*nos"tic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> -- <wf>Or`yc*tog*nos"tic*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wf>Or`yc*tog*nos"tic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Oryctography</h1>
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<hw>Or`yc*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ dug + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Description of fossils.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Oryctological</h1>
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<hw>Or`yc*to*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>oryctologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to oryctology.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Oryctologist</h1>
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<hw>Or`yc*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in oryctology.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Oryctology</h1>
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<hw>Or`yc*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ dug + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>oryctologie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An old name for paleontology.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An old name for mineralogy and geology.</def>

<h1>Oryx</h1>
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<hw>O"ryx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a kind of gazelle or antelope.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of African antelopes which includes the gemsbok, the leucoryx, the bisa antelope (<spn>O. beisa</spn>), and the beatrix antelope (<spn>O. beatrix</spn>) of Arabia.</def>

<h1>Oryza</h1>
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<hw>O*ry"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., rice, Gr. <?/ See <er>Rice</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of grasses including the rice plant; rice.</def>

<h1>Os</h1>
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<hw>Os</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ossa</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A bone.</def>

<h1>Os</h1>
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<hw>Os</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ora</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A mouth; an opening; an entrance.</def>

<h1>Os</h1>
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<hw>Os</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Osar</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sw. <ets>\'86s</ets> ridge, chain of hills, pl. <ets>\'86sar</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>One of the ridges of sand or gravel found in Sweden, etc., supposed by some to be of marine origin, but probably formed by subglacial waters. The osar are similar to the kames of Scotland and the eschars of Ireland. See <er>Eschar</er>.</def>

<h1>Osage orange</h1>
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<hw>O"sage or"ange</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An ornamental tree of the genus <spn>Maclura</spn> (<spn>M. aurantiaca</spn>), closely allied to the mulberry (<spn>Morus</spn>); also, its fruit. The tree was first found in the country of the Osage Indians, and bears a hard and inedible fruit of an orangelike appearance. See <er>Bois d'arc</er>.</def>

<h1>Osages</h1>
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<hw>O*sa"ges</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Osage</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of southern Sioux Indians, now living in the Indian Territory.</def>

<h1>Osanne</h1>
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<hw>O*san"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hosanna.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Osar</h1>
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<hw>O"sar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>See 3d <er>Os</er>.</def>

<h1>Oscan</h1>
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<hw>Os"can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Osci, a primitive people of Campania, a province of ancient Italy.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The language of the Osci.</def></def2>

<h1>Oscillancy</h1>
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<hw>Os"cil*lan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of oscillating; a seesaw kind of motion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Oscillaria</h1>
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<hw>Os`cil*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>oscillare</ets> to swing.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of dark green, or purplish black, filamentous, fresh-water alg\'91, the threads of which have an automatic swaying or crawling motion. Called also <altname>Oscillatoria</altname>.</def>

<h1>Oscillate</h1>
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<hw>Os"cil*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Oscillated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Oscillating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>oscillare</ets> to swing, fr. <ets>oscillum</ets> a swing, a little mask or puppet made to be hung from trees and swing in the wind, prob. orig., a little mouth, a dim. from <ets>os</ets> mouth. See <er>Oral</er>, and cf. <er>Osculate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To move backward and forward; to vibrate like a pendulum; to swing; to sway.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To vary or fluctuate between fixed limits; to act or move in a fickle or fluctuating manner; to change repeatedly, back and forth.</def>

<blockquote>The amount of superior families <b>oscillates</b> rather than changes, that is, it fluctuates within fixed limits.
<i>Dc Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1015">
Page 1015<p>

<h1>Oscillating</h1>
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<hw>Os"cil*la`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That oscillates; vibrating; swinging.</def>

<cs><col>Oscillating engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine whose cylinder oscillates on trunnions instead of being permanently fixed in a perpendicular or other direction.</cd></cs>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Oscillation</h1>
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<hw>Os`cil*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oscillatio</ets> a swinging.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of oscillating; a swinging or moving backward and forward, like a pendulum; vibration.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fluctuation; variation; change back and forth.</def>

<blockquote>His mind oscillated, undoubtedly; but the extreme points of the <b>oscillation</b> were not very remote.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Axis of oscillation</col>, <col>Center of oscillation</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Axis</er>, and <er>Center</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oscillative</h1>
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<hw>Os"cil*la*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to oscillate; vibratory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Oscillatoria</h1>
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<hw>Os`cil*la*to"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Oscillatory</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Oscillaria</er>.</def>

<h1>Oscillatory</h1>
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<hw>Os"cil*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>oscillatoire</ets>. See <er>Oscillate</er>.]</ety> <def>Moving, or characterized by motion, backward and forward like a pendulum; swinging; oscillating; vibratory; <as>as, <ex>oscillatory</ex> motion</as>.</def>

<h1>Oscine</h1>
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<hw>Os"cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Relating to the Oscines.</def>

<h1>Oscines</h1>
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<hw>Os"ci*nes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oscen</ets>, <ets>-inis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Singing birds; a group of the Passeres, having numerous syringeal muscles, conferring musical ability.</def>

<h1>Oscinian</h1>
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<hw>Os*cin"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Oscines, or singing birds.</def>

<h1>Oscinian</h1>
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<hw>Os*cin"i*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of dipterous files of the family <spn>Oscinid\'91</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; Some, whose larv\'91 live in the stalks, are very destructive to barley, wheat, and rye; others, as the barley fly (<spn>Oscinis frit</spn>), destroy the heads of grain.</note>

<h1>Oscinine</h1>
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<hw>Os"ci*nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Oscines.</def>

<h1>Oscitancy</h1>
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<hw>Os"ci*tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Oscitant</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of gaping or yawning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Drowsiness; dullness; sluggishness.</def>

<i>Hallam.</i>

<blockquote>It might proceed from the <b>oscitancy</b> of transcribers.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oscitant</h1>
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<hw>Os"ci*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oscitans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>oscitare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>oscitant</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Yawning; gaping.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sleepy; drowsy; dull; sluggish; careless.</def>

<blockquote>He must not be <b>oscitant</b>, but intent on his charge.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oscitantly</h1>
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<hw>Os"ci*tant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an oscitant manner.</def>

<h1>Oscitate</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>Os"ci*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oscitare</ets>; <ets>os</ets> the mouth + <ets>citare</ets>, v. intens. fr. <ets>ciere</ets> to move.]</ety> <def>To gape; to yawn.</def>

<h1>Oscitation</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>Os`ci*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oscitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>oscitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of yawning or gaping.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Osculant</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>Os"cu*lant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>osculans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>osculari</ets> to kiss. See <er>Osculate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Kissing; hence, meeting; clinging.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Adhering closely; embracing; -- applied to certain creeping animals, as caterpillars.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Intermediate in character, or on the border, between two genera, groups, families, etc., of animals or plants, and partaking somewhat of the characters of each, thus forming a connecting link; interosculant; <as>as, the genera by which two families approximate are called <ex>osculant</ex> genera</as>.</def>

<h1>Osculate</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>Os"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Osculated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Osculating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>osculatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>osculari</ets> to kiss, fr. <ets>osculum</ets> a little mouth, a kiss, dim. of <ets>os</ets> mouth. See <er>Oral</er>, and cf. <er>Oscillate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To kiss.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>To touch closely, so as to have a common curvature at the point of contact. See <er>Osculation</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Osculate</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>Os"cu*late</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To kiss one another; to kiss.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>To touch closely.  See <er>Osculation</er>, 2.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To have characters in common with two genera or families, so as to form a connecting link between them; to interosculate. See <er>Osculant</er>.</def>

<h1>Osculation</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>Os`cu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>osculatio</ets> a kissing: cf. F. <ets>osculation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of kissing; a kiss.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The contact of one curve with another, when the number of consecutive points of the latter through which the former passes suffices for the complete determination of the former curve.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Osculatory</h1>
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<hw>Os"cu*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to kissing; kissing.</def> "The <i>osculatory</i> ceremony."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or having the properties of, an osculatrix; capable of osculation; <as>as, a circle may be <ex>osculatory</ex> with a curve, at a given point</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Osculatory circle</col>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Osculating circle of a curve</cref>, under <er>Circle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Osculatory plane</col> (to a curve of double curvature), <cd>a plane which passes through three successive points of the curve.</cd> -- <col>Osculatory sphere</col><cd> (to a line of double curvature), a sphere passing through four consecutive points of the curve.</cd></cs>

<h1>Osculatory</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>Os"cu*la*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>osculatorium</ets>. See <er>Osculate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pax</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Osculatrix</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>Os`cu*la"trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Osculatrixes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve whose contact with a given curve, at a given point, is of a higher order (or involves the equality of a greater number of successive differential coefficients of the ordinates of the curves taken at that point) than that of any other curve of the same kind.</def>

<h1>Oscule</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>Os"cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>oscule</ets>. See <er>Osculum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the excurrent apertures of sponges.</def>

<h1>Osculum</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>Os"cu*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Oscula</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a little mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Oscule</er>.</def>

<h1>-ose</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>-ose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>-osus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>-ose</ets>. Cf. <er>-ous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A suffix denoting <i>full of</i>, <i>containing</i>, <i>having the qualities of</i>, <i>like</i>; as in verb<i>ose</i>, full of words; pil<i>ose</i>, hairy; glob<i>ose</i>, like a globe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A suffix indicating that the substance to the name of wich it is affixed is <i>a member of the carbohydrate group</i>; as in cellul<i>ose</i>, sucr<i>ose</i>, dextr<i>ose</i>, etc.</def>

<h1>Osier</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>O"sier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>osier</ets>: cf. <er>Prov</er>. F. <ets>oisis</ets>, Armor. <ets>ozil</ets>, <ets>aozil</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, <?/, L. <ets>vitex</ets>, and E. <ets>withy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A kind of willow (<spn>Salix viminalis</spn>) growing in wet places in Europe and Asia, and introduced into North America. It is considered the best of the willows for basket work. The name is sometimes given to any kind of willow.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the long, pliable twigs of this plant, or of other somilar plants.</def>

<blockquote>The rank of <b>osiers</b> by the murmuring stream.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Osier bed</col>, &or; <col>Osier holt</col></mcol>, <cd>a place where willows are grown for basket making.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red osier</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A kind of willow with reddish twigs (<spn>Salix rubra</spn>).</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An American shrub (<spn>Cornus stolonifera</spn>) which has slender red branches; -- also called <altname>osier cornel</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Osier</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>O"sier</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of osiers; composed of, or containing, osiers.</def> "This <i>osier cage of ours."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Osiered</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>O"siered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered or adorned with osiers; <as>as, <ex>osiered</ex> banks</as>.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Collins.</i>

<h1>Osiery</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>O"sier*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An osier bed.</def>

<h1>Osiris</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>O*si"ris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; of Egyptian origin.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>One of the principal divinities of Egypt, the brother and husband of Isis. He was figured as a mummy wearing the royal cap of Upper Egypt, and was symbolized by the sacred bull, called <i>Apis</i>. Cf. <er>Serapis</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O*sir"i*an</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Osmanli</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>Os"man*li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Osmanlis</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[So called from <ets>Osman</ets>. See <er>Ottoman</er>.]</ety> <def>A Turkish official; one of the dominant tribe of Turks; loosely, any Turk.</def>

<h1>Osmate</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>Os"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of osmic acid.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>osmiate</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Osmaterium</h1>
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<hw>Os`ma*te"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.  <plw>Osmateria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ smell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a pair of scent organs which the larv\'91 of certain butterflies emit from the first body segment, either above or below.</def>

<h1>Osmazome</h1>
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<hw>Os"ma*zome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ smell, odor + <?/ broth: cf. F. <ets>osmaz\'93me</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance formerly supposed to give to soup and broth their characteristic odor, and probably consisting of one or several of the class of nitrogenous substances which are called <i>extractives</i>.</def>

<h1>Osmiamate</h1>
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<hw>Os`mi*am"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of osmiamic acid.</def>

<h1>Osmiamic</h1>
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<hw>Os`mi*am"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Osmi</ets>um + <ets>am</ets>ido.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous acid of osmium, <chform>H2N2Os2O5</chform>, forming a well-known series of yellow salts.</def>

<h1>Osmic</h1>
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<hw>Os"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, osmium; specifically, designating those compounds in which it has a valence higher than in other lower compounds; <as>as, <ex>osmic</ex> oxide</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Osmic acid</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Osmic tetroxide</cd>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Osmic acid proper, an acid analogous to sulphuric acid, not known in the free state, but forming a well-known and stable series of salts (osmates), which were formerly improperly called <i>osmites<i>.</cd> -- <col>Osmic tetroxide</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white volatile crystalline substance, <chform>OsO4</chform>, the most stable and characteristic of the compounds of osmium. It has a burning taste, and gives off a vapor, which is a powerful irritant poison, violently attacking the eyes, and emitting a strong chlorinelike odor. Formerly improperly called <altname>osmic acid</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Osmidrosis</h1>
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<hw>Os`mi*dro"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ smell + <?/ to sweat.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The secretion of fetid sweat.</def>

<h1>Osmious</h1>
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<hw>Os"mi*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Denoting those compounds of osmium in which the element has a valence relatively lower than in the <i>osmic</i> compounds; <as>as, <ex>osmious</ex> chloride</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>osmous</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Osmious acid</col><cd> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, an acid derived from osmium, analogous to sulphurous acid, and forming unstable salts. It is a brown amorphous substance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Osmite</h1>
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<hw>Os"mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of osmious acid.</def>

<h1>Osmium</h1>
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<hw>Os"mi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a smell, odor, akin to <?/ to smell. So named in allusion to the strong chlorinelike odor of osmic tetroxide. See <er>Odor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare metallic element of the platinum group, found native as an alloy in platinum ore, and in iridosmine. It is a hard, infusible, bluish or grayish white metal, and the heaviest substance known. Its tetroxide is used in histological experiments to stain tissues. Symbol <er>Os</er>. Atomic weight 191.1.  Specific gravity 22.477.</def>

<h1>Osmometer</h1>
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<hw>Os*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ impulse + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the amount of osmotic action in different liquids.</def>

<h1>Osmometry</h1>
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<hw>Os*mom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The study of osmose by means of the osmometer.</def>

<h1>Osmose</h1>
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<hw>Os"mose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, equiv. to <?/ impulse, fr. <?/ to push.]</ety> <fld>(Chemical Physics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The tendency in fluids to mix, or become equably diffused, when in contact. It was first observed between fluids of differing densities, and as taking place through a membrane or an intervening porous structure. The more rapid flow from the thinner to the thicker fluid was then called <i>endosmose</i>, and the opposite, slower current, <i>exosmose</i>. Both are, however, results of the same force. Osmose may be regarded as a form of molecular attraction, allied to that of adhesion.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The action produced by this tendency.</def><-- preferred term = osmosis, endosmosis -->

<cs><mcol><col>Electric osmose</col>, &or; <col>Electric endosmose</col></mcol> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>the transportation of a liquid through a porous septum by the action of an electric current.</cd></cs>

<h1>Osmosis</h1>
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<hw>Os*mo"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Osmose.</def>

<h1>Osmotic</h1>
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<hw>Os*mot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or having the property of, osmose; <as>as, <ex>osmotic</ex> force</as>.</def>

<h1>Osmund</h1>
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<hw>Os"mund</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fern of the genus <spn>Osmunda</spn>, or flowering fern. The most remarkable species is the <stype>osmund royal</stype>, or <stype>royal fern</stype> (<spn>Osmunda regalis</spn>), which grows in wet or boggy places, and has large bipinnate fronds, often with a panicle of capsules at the top.  The rootstock contains much starch, and has been used in stiffening linen.</def><-- used as a substrate for growing orchids -->

<h1>Osnaburg</h1>
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<hw>Os"na*burg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A species of coarse linen, originally made in <i>Osnaburg</i>, Germany.</def>

<h1>Oso-berry</h1>
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<hw>O"so-ber`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The small, blueblack, drupelike fruit of the <spn>Nuttallia cerasiformis</spn>, a shrub of Oregon and California, belonging to the Cherry tribe of <spn>Rosace\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Osphradium</h1>
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<hw>Os*phra"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Osphradia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ strong scent, fr. <?/ to smell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The olfactory organ of some Mollusca. It is connected with the organ of respiration.</def>

<h1>Osprey, Ospray</h1>
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<hw><hw>Os"prey</hw>, <hw>Os"pray</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Through OF. fr. L. <ets>ossifraga</ets> (orig., the bone breaker); prob. influenced by <ets>oripelargus</ets> (mountain stork, a kind of eagle, Gr. <?/); cf. OF. <ets>orpres</ets>, and F. <ets>orfraie</ets>. See <er>Ossifrage</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fishhawk.</def>

<h1>Oss</h1>
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<hw>Oss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Osse</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To prophesy; to presage.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. Edgeworth.</i>

<h1>Osse</h1>
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<hw>Osse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A prophetic or ominous utterance.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Ossean</h1>
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<hw>Os"se*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish having a bony skeleton; a teleost.</def>

<h1>Ossein</h1>
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<hw>Os"se*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>os</ets> bone.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>The organic basis of bone tissue; the residue after removal of the mineral matters from bone by dilute acid; in embryonic tissue, the substance in which the mineral salts are deposited to form bone; -- called also <altname>ostein</altname>. Chemically it is the same as <i>collagen</i>.</def>

<h1>Osselet</h1>
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<hw>Os"se*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little bone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The internal bone, or shell, of a cuttlefish.</def>

<h1>Osseous</h1>
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<hw>Os"se*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>osseus</ets>, from <ets>os</ets>, <ets>ossis</ets> bone; akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>asthi</ets>. Cf. <er>Oyster</er>.]</ety> <def>Composed of bone; resembling bone; capable of forming bone; bony; ossific.</def>

<h1>Osseter</h1>
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<hw>Os"se*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ, <ets>osetr'</ets> sturgeon.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of sturgeon.</def>

<h1>Ossianic</h1>
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<hw>Os`si*an"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to, or characteristic of, <i>Ossian</i>, a legendary Erse or Celtic bard.</def>

<blockquote>The compositions might be fairly classed as <b>Ossianic</b>.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ossicle</h1>
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<hw>Os"si*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ossiculum</ets>, dim. of <ets>os</ets>, <ets>ossis</ets>, a bone.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little bone; <as>as, the auditory <ex>ossicles</ex> in the tympanum of the ear</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of numerous small calcareous structures forming the skeleton of certain echinoderms, as the starfishes.</def>

<h1>Ossiculated</h1>
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<hw>Os*sic"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having small bones.</def>

<h1>Ossiculum</h1>
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<hw>Os*sic"u*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ossicula</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a little bone.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Ossicle</er>.</def>

<h1>Ossiferous</h1>
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<hw>Os*sif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>os</ets>, <ets>ossis</ets>, a bone + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ossif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing or yielding bone.</def>

<h1>Ossific</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>Os*sif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>os</ets>, <ets>ossis</ets>, bone + <ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F. <ets>ossifique</ets>. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of producing bone; having the power to change cartilage or other tissue into bone.</def>

<h1>Ossification</h1>
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<hw>Os`si*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ossification</ets>. See <er>Ossify</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The formation of bone; the process, in the growth of an animal, by which inorganic material (mainly lime salts) is deposited in cartilage or membrane, forming bony tissue; ostosis.</def>

<note>&hand; Besides the <i>natural ossification</i> of growing tissue, there is the so-called <i>accidental ossification</i> which sometimes follows certain abnormal conditions, as in the ossification of an artery.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being changed into a bony substance; also, a mass or point of ossified tissue.</def>

<h1>Ossified</h1>
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<hw>Os"si*fied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Changed to bone or something resembling bone; hardened by deposits of mineral matter of any kind; -- said of tissues.</def>

<h1>Ossifrage</h1>
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<hw>Os"si*frage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ossifraga</ets>, <ets>ossifragus</ets>, osprey, fr. <ets>ossifragus</ets> bone breaking; <ets>os</ets>, <ets>ossis</ets>, a bone + <ets>frangere</ets>, <ets>fractum</ets>, to break. See <er>Osseous</er>, <er>Break</er>, and cf. <er>Osprey</er>, <er>Ossifragous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The lammergeir.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The young of the sea eagle or bald eagle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ossifragous</h1>
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<hw>Os*sif"ra*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ossifragus</ets>. See <er>Ossifrage</er>.]</ety> <def>Serving to break bones; bone-breaking.</def>

<h1>Ossify</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>Os"si*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ossified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ossifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>os</ets>, <ets>ossis</ets>, bone + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ossifier</ets>. See <er>Osseous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To form into bone; to change from a soft animal substance into bone, as by the deposition of lime salts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To harden; <as>as, to <ex>ossify</ex> the heart</as>.</def>

<i>Ruskin.</i>

<h1>Ossify</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>Os"si*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To become bone; to change from a soft tissue to a hard bony tissue.</def>

<h1>Ossifying</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>Os"si*fy`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Changing into bone; becoming bone; <as>as, the <ex>ossifying</ex> process</as>.</def>

<h1>Ossivorous</h1>
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<hw>Os*siv"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>os</ets>, <ets>ossis</ets>, bone + <ets>vorare</ets> to devour: cf. F. <ets>ossivore</ets>.]</ety> <def>Feeding on bones; eating bones; <as>as, <ex>ossivorous</ex> quadrupeds</as>.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Osspringer</h1>
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<hw>Os"spring*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The osprey.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ossuarium</h1>
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<hw>Os`su*a"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A charnel house; an ossuary.</def>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Ossuary</h1>
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<hw>Os"su*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>ossuarium</ets>, fr. <ets>ossuarius</ets> of or bones, fr. <ets>os</ets>, <ets>ossis</ets>, bone: cf. F. <ets>ossuaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>A place where the bones of the dead are deposited; a charnel house.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Ost</h1>
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<hw>Ost</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Oast</er>.</def>

<h1>Osteal</h1>
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<hw>Os"te*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a bone.]</ety> <def>Osseous.</def>

<h1>Ostein</h1>
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<hw>Os"te*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bone.]</ety> <def>Ossein.</def>

<h1>Osteitis</h1>
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<hw>Os`te*i"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Osteo-</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of bone.</def>

<h1>Osteler</h1>
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<hw>Os"tel*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Hosteler</er>.</def>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Ostend</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>Os*tend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ostendere</ets> to show.]</ety> <def>To exhibit; to manifest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Mercy to mean offenders we'll <b>ostend</b>.
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ostensibility</h1>
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<hw>Os*ten`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being ostensible.</def>

<h1>Ostensible</h1>
<Xpage=1015>

<hw>Os*ten"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>ostensus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ostendere</ets> to show, prop., to stretch out before; fr. prefix <ets>obs-</ets> (old form of <ets>ob-</ets>) + <ets>tendere</ets> to stretch. See <er>Tend</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being shown; proper or intended to be shown.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Shown; exhibited; declared; avowed; professed; apparent; -- often used as opposed to <i>real</i> or <i>actual</i>; <as>as, an <ex>ostensible</ex> reason, motive, or aim</as>.</def>

<i>D. Ramsay.</i>

<hr>
<page="1016">
Page 1016<p>

<h1>Ostensibly</h1>
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<hw>Os*ten"si*bly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ostensible manner; avowedly; professedly; apparently.</def>

<i>Walsh.</i>

<blockquote><b>Ostensibly</b>, we were intended to prevent filibustering into Texas, but really as a menace to Mexico.
<i>U. S. Grant.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ostension</h1>
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<hw>Os*ten"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ostensio</ets> a showing: cf. F. <ets>ostension</ets>. See <er>Ostend</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The showing of the sacrament on the altar in order that it may receive the adoration of the communicants.</def>

<h1>Ostensive</h1>
<Xpage=1016>

<hw>Os*ten"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Showing; exhibiting.</def>

<cs><col>Ostensive demonstration</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a direct or positive demonstration, as opposed to the <i>apagogical<i> or <i>indirect<i> method.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ostensively</h1>
<Xpage=1016>

<hw>Os*ten"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an ostensive manner.</def>

<h1>Ostensorium, Ostensory</h1>
<Xpage=1016>

<hw><hw>Os`ten*so"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Os*ten"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>-soria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>-sories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. <ets>ostensorium</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ostensoir</ets>. See <er>Ostensible</er>.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Monstrance</er>.</def>

<h1>Ostent</h1>
<Xpage=1016>

<hw>Os"tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ostentus</ets>, <ets>ostentum</ets>, fr. <ets>ostendere</ets> (p. p. <ets>ostensus</ets> and <ets>ostentus</ets>) to show. See <er>Ostensible</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Appearance; air; mien.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Manifestation; token; portent.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>We asked of God that some <b>ostent</b> might clear
Our cloudy business, who gave us sign.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ostentate</h1>
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<hw>Os"ten*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ostentatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ostentare</ets>, v. intens. fr. <ets>ostendere</ets>. See <er>Ostent</er>.]</ety> <def>To make an ambitious display of; to show or exhibit boastingly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Ostentation</h1>
<Xpage=1016>

<hw>Os`ten*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ostentatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ostentation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of ostentating or of making an ambitious display; unnecessary show; pretentious parade; -- usually in a detractive sense.</def> "Much <i>ostentation</i> vain of fleshly arm."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>He knew that good and bountiful minds were sometimes inclined to <b>ostentation</b>.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A show or spectacle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Parade; pageantry; show; pomp; pompousness; vaunting; boasting. See <er>Parade</er>.</syn>

<h1>Ostentatious</h1>
<Xpage=1016>

<hw>Os`ten*ta"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fond of, or evincing, ostentation; unduly conspicuous; pretentious; boastful.</def>

<blockquote>Far from being <b>ostentatious</b> of the good you do.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>ostentatious</b> professions of many years.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Os`ten*ta"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Os`ten*ta"tious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ostentator</h1>
<Xpage=1016>

<hw>Os"ten*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One fond of display; a boaster.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Ostentive</h1>
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<hw>Os*ten"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ostentatious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ostentous</h1>
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<hw>Os*ten"tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ostentatious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Osteo-</h1>
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<hw>Os"te*o-</hw>. <def>A combining form of Gr. <?/ <i>a bone</i>.</def>

<h1>Osteoblast</h1>
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<hw>Os"te*o*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Osteo-</ets> + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the protoplasmic cells which occur in the osteogenetic layer of the periosteum, and from or around which the matrix of the bone is developed; an osteoplast.</def>

<h1>Osteoclasis</h1>
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<hw>Os`te*o*cla"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Osteoclast</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of breaking a bone in order to correct deformity.</def>

<h1>Osteoclast</h1>
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<hw>Os"te*o*clast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Osteo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to break.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A myeloplax.</def>

<note>&hand; The osteoclasts occur usually in pits or cavities which they appear to have excavated, and are supposed to be concerned in the absorption of the bone matrix.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument for performing osteoclasis.</def>

<h1>Osteocolla</h1>
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<hw>Os`te*o*col"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Osteo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ glue.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of glue obtained from bones.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cellular calc tufa, which in some places forms incrustations on the stems of plants, -- formerly supposed to have the quality of uniting fractured bones.</def>

<h1>Osteocomma</h1>
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<hw>Os`te*o*com"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Osteocommata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Osteocommas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Osteo-</er>, and <er>Comma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A metamere of the vertebrate skeleton; an osteomere; a vertebra.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Osteocope</h1>
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<hw>Os"te*o*cope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ a bone + <?/ a striking, pain: cf. F. <ets>ost\'82ocope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pain in the bones; a violent fixed pain in any part of a bone.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Os`te*o*cop"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Osteocranium</h1>
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<hw>Os`te*o*cra"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Osteo-</ets> + <ets>cranium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bony cranium, as distinguished from the cartilaginous cranium.</def>

<h1>Osteodentine</h1>
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<hw>Os`te*o*den"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Osteo-</ets> + <ets>denite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A hard substance, somewhat like bone, which is sometimes deposited within the pulp cavity of teeth.</def>

<h1>Osteogen</h1>
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<hw>Os"te*o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Osteo-</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The soft tissue, or substance, which, in developing bone, ultimately undergoes ossification.</def>

<h1>Osteogenesis, Osteogeny</h1>
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<hw><hw>Os`te*o*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Os`te*og"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Osteo-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>, or the root of Gr. <?/ to be born: cf. F. <ets>ost\'82og\'82nie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The formation or growth of bone.</def>

<h1>Osteogenetic</h1>
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<hw>Os`te*o*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Connected with osteogenesis, or the formation of bone; producing bone; <as>as, <ex>osteogenetic</ex> tissue; the <ex>osteogenetic</ex> layer of the periosteum.</as></def>

<h1>Osteogenic</h1>
<Xpage=1016>

<hw>Os`te*o*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Osteogenetic.</def>

<h1>Osteographer</h1>
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<hw>Os`te*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An osteologist.</def>

<h1>Osteography</h1>
<Xpage=1016>

<hw>Os`te*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Osteo-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The description of bones; osteology.</def>

<h1>Osteoid</h1>
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<hw>Os"te*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Osteo-</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Resembling bone; bonelike.</def>

<h1>Osteolite</h1>
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<hw>Os"te*o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Osteo-</ets> + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A massive impure apatite, or calcium phosphate.</def>

<h1>Osteologer</h1>
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<hw>Os`te*ol"o*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in osteology; an osteologist.</def>

<h1>Osteologic, Osteological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Os`te*o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Os`te*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ost\'82ologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to osteology.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Os`te*o*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Osteologist</h1>
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<hw>Os`te*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is skilled in osteology; an osteologer.</def>

<h1>Osteology</h1>
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<hw>Os`te*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Osteo-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ost\'82ologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the bones of the vertebrate skeleton.</def>

<h1>Osteoma</h1>
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<hw>Os`te*o"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Osteomata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Osteo-</er>, and <er>-oma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A tumor composed mainly of bone; a tumor of a bone.</def>

<h1>Osteomalacia</h1>
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<hw>Os`te*o*ma*la"ci*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ bone + <?/ softness.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease of the bones, in which they lose their earthy material, and become soft, flexible, and distorted. Also called <altname>malacia</altname>.</def>

<h1>Osteomanty</h1>
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<hw>Os"te*o*man`ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Osteo-</ets> Gr. <?/ divination.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of bones.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Osteomere</h1>
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<hw>Os"te*o*mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Osteo-</ets> + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An osteocomma.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Osteophone</h1>
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<hw>Os"te*o*phone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bone + <?/ voice.]</ety> <def>An instrument for transmission of auditory vibrations through the bones of the head, so as to be appreciated as sounds by persons deaf from causes other than those affecting the nervous apparatus of hearing.</def>

<h1>Osteoplast</h1>
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<hw>Os"te*o*plast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Osteo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to form.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An osteoblast.</def>

<h1>Osteoplastic</h1>
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<hw>Os`te*o*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Osteo-</ets> + <ets>-plastic</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Producing bone; <as>as, <ex>osteoplastic</ex> cells</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the replacement of bone; <as>as, an <ex>osteoplastic</ex> operation</as>.</def>

<h1>Osteoplasty</h1>
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<hw>Os"te*o*plas`ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Osteo-</ets> + <ets>-plasty</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An operation or process by which the total or partial loss of a bone is remedied.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Osteopterygious</h1>
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<hw>Os`te*op`ter*yg"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Osteo-</ets> Gr. <?/ a fin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having bones in the fins, as certain fishes.</def>

<h1>Osteosarcoma</h1>
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<hw>Os`te*o*sar*co"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Osteosarcomata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Osteo-</er>, and <er>sarcoma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A tumor having the structure of a sacroma in which there is a deposit of bone; sarcoma connected with bone.</def>

<h1>Osteotome</h1>
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<hw>Os"te*o*tome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Osteo-</ets> + Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Strong nippers or a chisel for dividing bone.</def>

<h1>Osteotomist</h1>
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<hw>Os`te*ot"o*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in osteotomy.</def>

<h1>Osteotomy</h1>
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<hw>Os`te*ot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The dissection or anatomy of bones; osteology.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of dividing a bone or of cutting a piece out of it, -- done to remedy deformity, etc.</def>

<h1>Osteozoa</h1>
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<hw>Os`te*o*zo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a bone + <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Vertebrata</er>.</def>

<h1>Ostiary</h1>
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<hw>Os"ti*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>ostium</ets> door, entrance. See <er>Usher</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The mouth of a river; an estuary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who keeps the door, especially the door of a church; a porter.</def>

<i>N. Bacon.</i>

<h1>Ostic</h1>
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<hw>Os"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From North American Indian <ets>oshtegwon</ets> a head.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or applied to, the language of the Tuscaroras, Iroquois, Wyandots, Winnebagoes, and a part of the Sioux Indians.</def>

<i>Schoolcraft.</i>

<h1>Ostiole</h1>
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<hw>Os"ti*ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ostiolum</ets> a little door, dim. of <ets>ostium</ets> a door: cf. F. <ets>ostiole</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The exterior opening of a stomate. See <er>Stomate</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any small orifice.</def>

<h1>Ostitis</h1>
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<hw>Os*ti"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Osteitis</er>.</def>

<h1>Ostium</h1>
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<hw>Os"ti*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ostia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An opening; a passage.</def>

<h1>Ostler</h1>
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<hw>Ost"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hostler</er>.</def>

<h1>Ostleress</h1>
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<hw>Ost"ler*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female ostler.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Ostlery</h1>
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<hw>Ost"ler*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Hostelry</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ostmen</h1>
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<hw>Ost"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Ostman</singw></sing>. <ety>[See <er>East</er>, and <er>Man</er>.]</ety> <def>East men; Danish settlers in Ireland, formerly so called.</def>

<i>Lyttelton.</i>

<h1>Ostosis</h1>
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<hw>Os*to"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a bone.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Bone formation; ossification. See <er>Ectostosis</er>, and <er>Endostosis</er>.</def>

<h1>Ostracea</h1>
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<hw>Os*tra"ce*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ shell of a testacean.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of bivalve mollusks including the oysters and allied shells.</def>

<h1>Ostracean</h1>
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<hw>Os*tra"cean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ostrea</ets> an oyster. See <er>Oyster</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of a family of bivalves, of which the oyster is the type.</def>

<h1>Ostracion</h1>
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<hw>Os*tra"ci*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ small shell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of plectognath fishes having the body covered with solid, immovable, bony plates. It includes the trunkfishes.</def>

<h1>Ostraciont</h1>
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<hw>Os*tra"ci*ont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the genus Ostracion and allied genera.</def>

<h1>Ostracism</h1>
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<hw>Os"tra*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to ostracize. See <er>Ostracize</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>Banishment by popular vote, -- a means adopted at Athens to rid the city of a person whose talent and influence gave umbrage.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Banishment; exclusion; <as>as, social <ex>ostracism</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Public envy is as an <b>ostracism</b>, that eclipseth men when they grow too great.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sentenced to a perpetual <b>ostracism</b> from the . . . confidence, and honors, and emoluments of his country.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ostracite</h1>
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<hw>Os"tra*cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil oyster.</def>

<h1>Ostracize</h1>
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<hw>Os"tra*cize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ostracized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ostracizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a tile, a tablet used in voting, a shell; cf. <?/ oyster, <?/ bone. Cf. <er>Osseous</er>, <er>Oyster</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>To exile by ostracism; to banish by a popular vote, as at Athens.</def>

<i>Grote.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To banish from society; to put under the ban; to cast out from social, political, or private favor; <as>as, he was <ex>ostracized</ex> by his former friends</as>.</def>

<i>Marvell.</i>

<h1>Ostracoda</h1>
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<hw>Os*trac"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Ostracoidea.</def>

<h1>Ostracodermi</h1>
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<hw>Os`tra*coder"mi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ shell of a testacean + <?/ skin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of fishes of which Ostracion is the type.</def>

<h1>Ostracoid</h1>
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<hw>Os"tra*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Ostracoidea.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Ostracoidea.</def></def2>

<h1>Ostracoidea</h1>
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<hw>Os`tra*coi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ shell of a testacean + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Entomostraca possessing hard bivalve shells. They are of small size, and swim freely about.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Ostracoda</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ostrea</h1>
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<hw>Os"tre*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., an oyster.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of bivalve Mollusca which includes the true oysters.</def>

<h1>Ostreaceous</h1>
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<hw>Os`tre*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ostrea</ets> an oyster. See <er>Oyster</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an oyster, or to a shell; shelly.</def>

<blockquote>The crustaceous or <b>ostreaceous</b> body.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ostreaculture</h1>
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<hw>Os"tre*a*cul`ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The artificial cultivation of oysters.</def>

<h1>Ostreophagist</h1>
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<hw>Os`tre*oph"a*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/ an oyster + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <def>One who feeds on oysters.</def>

<h1>Ostrich</h1>
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<hw>Os"trich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ostriche</ets>, <ets>ostrice</ets>, OF. <ets>ostruche</ets>, <ets>ostruce</ets>, F. <ets>autruche</ets>, L. <ets>avis struthio</ets>; <ets>avis</ets> bird + <ets>struthio</ets> ostrich, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ bird, sparrow. Cf. <er>Aviary</er>, <er>Struthious</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>estrich</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large bird of the genus <spn>Struthio</spn>, of which <spn>Struthio camelus</spn> of Africa is the best known species. It has long and very strong legs, adapted for rapid running; only two toes; a long neck, nearly bare of feathers; and short wings incapable of flight. The adult male is about eight feet high.</def>

<note>&hand; The South African ostrich (<spn>Struthio australis</spn>) and the Asiatic ostrich are considered distinct species by some authors. Ostriches are now domesticated in South Africa in large numbers for the sake of their plumes. The body of the male is covered with elegant black plumose feathers, while the wings and tail furnish the most valuable white plumes.</note>

<cs><col>Ostrich farm</col>, <cd>a farm on which ostriches are bred for the sake of their feathers, oil, eggs, etc.</cd> -- <col>Ostrich farming</col>, <cd>the occupation of breeding ostriches for the sake of their feathers, etc.</cd> -- <col>Ostrich fern</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>a kind of fern (<spn>Onoclea Struthiopteris</spn>), the tall fronds of which grow in a circle from the rootstock. It is found in alluvial soil in Europe and North America.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ostriferous</h1>
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<hw>Os*trif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ostrifer</ets>; <ets>ostrea</ets> oyster + <ets>ferre</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing oysters; containing oysters.</def>

<h1>Ostrogoth</h1>
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<hw>Os"tro*goth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Ostrogothi</ets>, pl. See <er>East</er>, and <er>Goth</er>.]</ety> <def>One of the Eastern Goths. See <er>Goth</er>.</def>

<h1>Ostrogothic</h1>
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<hw>Os`tro*goth"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Ostrogoths.</def>

<h1>Oswego tea</h1>
<Xpage=1016>

<hw>Os*we"go tea"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American aromatic herb (<spn>Monarda didyma</spn>), with showy, bright red, labiate flowers.</def>

<h1>Otacoustic</h1>
<Xpage=1016>

<hw>Ot`a*cous"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oto-</ets> + <ets>acoustic</ets><it>:</it> cf. F. <ets>otacoustique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Assisting the sense of hearing; <as>as, an <ex>otacoustic</ex> instrument</as>.</def>

<h1>Otacoustic, Otacousticon</h1>
<Xpage=1016>

<hw><hw>Ot`a*cous"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ot`a*cous"ti*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instrument to facilitate hearing, as an ear trumpet.</def>

<h1>Otaheite apple</h1>
<Xpage=1016>

<hw>O`ta*hei"te ap"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[So named from <ets>Otaheite</ets>, or Tahiti, one of the Society Islands.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fruit of a Polynesian anacardiaceous tree (<spn>Spondias dulcis</spn>), also called <altname>vi-apple</altname>. It is rather larger than an apple, and the rind has a flavor of turpentine, but the flesh is said to taste like pineapples.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A West Indian name for a myrtaceous tree (<spn>Jambosa Malaccensis</spn>) which bears crimson berries.</def>

<h1>Otalgia</h1>
<Xpage=1016>

<hw>O*tal"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, the ear + <?/ pain: cf. F. <ets>otalgie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pain in the ear; earache.</def>

<h1>Otalgic</h1>
<Xpage=1016>

<hw>O*tal"gic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to otalgia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A remedy for otalgia.</def></def2>

<h1>Otalgy</h1>
<Xpage=1016>

<hw>O*tal"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pain in the ear; otalgia.</def>

<h1>Otary</h1>
<Xpage=1016>

<hw>O"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Otaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ large-eared, fr. <?/, <?/, ear: cf. F. <ets>otarie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any eared seal.</def>

<h1>Otheoscope</h1>
<Xpage=1016>

<hw>O"the*o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to push + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for exhibiting the repulsive action produced by light or heat in an exhausted vessel; a modification of the radoimeter.</def>

<i>W. Crookes.</i>

<h1>Other</h1>
<Xpage=1016>

<hw>Oth"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Or</er>.]</ety> <def>Either; -- used with <i>other</i> or <i>or</i> for its correlative (as <i>either</i> . . . <i>or</i> are now used).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Other</b> of chalk, <b>other</b> of glass.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Other</h1>
<Xpage=1016>

<hw>Oth"er</hw>, <tt>pron. & a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets><?/er</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>\'be<?/ar</ets>, <ets><?/ar</ets>, D. & G. <ets>ander</ets>, OHG. <ets>andar</ets>, Icel. <ets>annarr</ets>, Sw. <ets>annan</ets>, Dan. <ets>anden</ets>, Goth. <ets>an<?/ar</ets>, Skr. <ets>antara</ets>: cf. L. <ets>alter</ets>; all orig. comparatives: cf. Skr. <ets>anya</ets> other. &root;180. Cf. <er>Alter</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly <asp>other</asp> was used both as singular and plural.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Different from that which, or the one who, has been specified; not the same; not identical; additional; second of two.</def>

<blockquote>Each of them made <b>other</b> for to win.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the <b>other</b> also.
<i>Matt. v. 39.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not this, but the contrary; opposite; <as>as, the <ex>other</ex> side of a river</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Alternate; second; -- used esp. in connection with <i>every</i>; <as>as, every <ex>other</ex> day, that is, each alternate day, every second day</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Left, as opposed to right.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A distaff in her <b>other</b> hand she had.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Other</i> is a correlative adjective, or adjective pronoun, often in contrast with <i>one</i>, <i>some</i>, <i>that</i>, <i>this</i>, etc.

<blockquote>The <b>one</b> shall be taken, and the <b>other</b> left.
<i>Matt. xxiv. 4<?/</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And <b>some</b> fell among thorns . . . but <b>other</b> fell into good ground.
<i>Matt. xiii. 7, 8.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1017">
Page 1017<p>

   It is also used, by ellipsis, with a noun, expressed or understood.

<blockquote>To write <b>this</b>, or to design the <b>other</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

   It is written with the indefinite article as one word, <i>another</i>; is used with <i>each</i>, indicating a reciprocal action or relation; and is employed absolutely, or eliptically for <i>other thing</i>, or <i>other person</i>, in which case it may have a plural.

<blockquote>The fool and the brutish person perish, and leave their wealth to <b>others</b>.
<i>Ps. xlix. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If he is trimming, <b>others</b> are true.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

   <i>Other</i> is sometimes followed by <i>but</i>, <i>beside</i>, or <i>besides</i>; but oftener by <i>than</i>.

<blockquote>No <b>other but</b> such a one as he.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Other</b> lords <b>beside</b> thee have had dominion over us.
<i>Is. xxvi. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For <b>other</b> foundation can no man lay <b>than</b> that is laid.
<i>1 Cor. iii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The whole seven years of . . . ignominy had been little <b>other than</b> a preparation for this very hour.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>
</note>

<cs><col>Other some</col>, <cd>some others.</cd> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>The other day</col>, <cd>at a certain time past, not distant, but indefinite; not long ago; recently; rarely, the third day past.</cd>

<blockquote>Bind my hair up: as't was yesterday?
No, nor <b>t' other day</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>
</cs>

<h1>Other</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>Oth"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Otherwise.</def> "It shall none <i>other</i> be." <i>Chaucer</i>. "If you think <i>other</i>." <i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Othergates</h1>
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<hw>Oth"er*gates`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Other</ets> + <ets>gate</ets> way. See <er>wards</er>.]</ety> <def>In another manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He would have tickled you <b>othergates</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Otherguise, Otherguess</h1>
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<hw><hw>Oth"er*guise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Oth"er*guess`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>othergates</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of another kind or sort; in another way.</def> "<i>Otherguess</i> arguments."

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<h1>Otherness</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>Oth"er*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being other or different; alterity; oppositeness.</def>

<h1>Otherways</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>Oth"er*ways`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>See <er>Otherwise</er>.</def>

<i>Tyndale.</i>

<h1>Otherwhere</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>Oth"er*where`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In or to some other place, or places; elsewhere.</def>

<i>Milton. Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Otherwhile, Otherwhiles</h1>
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<hw><hw>Oth"er*while`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Oth"er*whiles`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>At another time, or other times; sometimes; <?/ccasionally.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Weighing <b>otherwhiles</b> ten pounds and more.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Otherwise</h1>
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<hw>Oth"er*wise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Other</ets> + <ets>wise</ets> manner.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In a different manner; in another way, or in other ways; differently; contrarily.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Thy father was a worthy prince,
And merited, alas! a better fate;
But Heaven thought <b>otherwise</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In other respects.</def>

<blockquote>It is said, truly, that the best men <b>otherwise</b> are not always the best in regard of society.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In different circumstances; under other conditions; <as>as, I am engaged, <ex>otherwise</ex> I would accept</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Otherwise</i>, like <i>so</i> and <i>thus</i>, may be used as a substitute for the opposite of a previous adjective, noun, etc.</note>

<blockquote>Let no man think me a fool; if <b>otherwise</b>, yet as a fool receive me.
<i>2 Cor. xi. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Her eyebrows . . . rather full than <b>otherwise</b>.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Othman</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>Oth"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <def>See <er>Ottoman</er>.</def>

<h1>Otic</h1>
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<hw>O"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, the ear: cf. F. <ets>otique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the ear; auricular; auditory.</def>

<h1>Otiose</h1>
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<hw>O"ti*ose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>otiosus</ets>, fr. <ets>otium</ets> ease.]</ety> <def>Being at leisure or ease; unemployed; indolent; idle.</def> "<i>Otiose</i> assent."

<i>Paley.</i>

<blockquote>The true keeping of the Sabbath was not that <b>otiose</b> and un<?/rofitable cessation from even good deeds which they would enforce.
<i>Alford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Otiosity</h1>
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<hw>O`ti*os"ity</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>otiositas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Leisure; indolence; idleness; ease.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Otis</h1>
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<hw>O"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a kind of bustard, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of birds including the bustards.</def>

<h1>Otitis</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>O*ti"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, the ear + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the ear.</def>

<h1>Oto-</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>O"to-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the ear.]</ety> <def>A combining form denoting <i>relation to</i>, or <i>situation near</i> or <i>in</i>, <i>the ear</i>.</def>

<h1>Otoba fat</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>O*to"ba fat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless buttery substance obtained from the fruit of <spn>Myristica otoba</spn>, a species of nutmeg tree.</def>

<h1>Otoconite</h1>
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<hw>O*toc"o*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ dust.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mass of otoliths.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An otolith.</def>

<h1>Otocrane</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>O"to*crane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ skull.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The cavity in the skull in which the parts of the internal ear are lodged.</def>

<h1>Otocranial</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>O`to*cra"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the otocrane.</def>

<h1>Otocyst</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>O"to*cyst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oto-</ets> + <ets>cyst</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l. & Anat.)</fld> <def>An auditory cyst or vesicle; one of the simple auditory organs of many invertebrates, containing a fluid and otoliths; also, the embryonic vesicle from which the parts of the internal ear of vertebrates are developed.</def>

<h1>Otography</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>O*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oto-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of the ear.</def>

<h1>Otolith, Otolite</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw><hw>O"to*lith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O"to*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oto-</ets> + <ets>-lith</ets>, <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the small bones or particles of calcareous or other hard substance in the internal ear of vertebrates, and in the auditory organs of many invertebrates; an ear stone. Collectively, the otoliths are called <i>ear sand</i> and <i>otoconite</i>.</def>

<h1>Otolithic, Otolitic</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw><hw>O`to*lith"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O`to*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to otoliths.</def>

<h1>Otological</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>O`to*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining tootology.</def>

<h1>Otologist</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>O*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in otology; an aurist.</def>

<h1>Otology</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>O*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oto-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The branch of science which treats of the ear and its diseases.</def>

<h1>Otopathy</h1>
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<hw>O*top"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to suffer.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A diseased condition of the ear.</def>

<h1>Otorrh</a</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>O`tor*rh<?/"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, the ear + <?/ to flow.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A flow or running from the ear, esp. a purulent discharge.</def>

<h1>Otoscope</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>O"to*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oto-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for examining the condition of the ear.</def>

<h1>Otoscopeic</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>O`to*scope"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the otoscope or to otoscopy.</def>

<h1>Otoscopy</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>O*tos"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The examination of the ear; the art of using the otoscope.</def>

<h1>Otosteal</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>O*tos"te*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a bone.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An auditory ossicle.</def>

<i>R. Owen.</i>

<h1>Otozoum</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>O`to*zo"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, a fabled giant + <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of huge vertebrates, probably dinosaurs, known only from four-toed tracks in Triassic sandstones.</def>

<h1>Ottar</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>Ot"tar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Attar</er>.</def>

<h1>Ottawas</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>Ot"ta*was</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing.  <singw>Ottawa</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians who, when first known, lived on the Ottawa River. Most of them subsequently migrated to the southwestern shore of Lake Superior.</def>

<h1>Otter</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>Ot"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>oter</ets>, AS. <ets>Otor</ets>; akin to D. & G. <ets>otter</ets>, Icel. <ets>otr</ets>, Dan. <ets>odder</ets>, Sw. <ets>utter</ets>, Lith. <ets>udra</ets>, Russ, <ets>vuidra</ets>, Gr. <?/ water serpent, hydra, Skr. <ets>udra</ets> otter, and also to E. <ets>water</ets>. <?/137, 215. See <er>Water</er>, and cf. <er>Hydra</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any carnivorous animal of the genus <spn>Lutra</spn>, and related genera. Several species are described. They have large, flattish heads, short ears, and webbed toes. They are aquatic, and feed on fish. Their fur is soft and valuable. The common otter of Europe is <spn>Lutra vulgaris</spn>; the American otter is <spn>L. Canadensis</spn>; other species inhabit South America and Asia.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of the ghost moth. It is very injurious to hop vines.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Otter hound</col>, <col>Otter dog</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small breed of hounds, used in England for hunting otters.</cd> -- <col>Otter sheep</col>. <cd>See <cref>Ancon sheep</cref>, under <er>Ancon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Otter shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>very large bivalve mollusk (<spn>Schizoth\'91rus Nuttallii</spn>) found on the northwest coast of America. It is excellent food, and is extensively used by the Indians.</cd> -- <col>Sea otter</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Otter</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>Ot"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A corruption of <er>Annotto</er>.</def>

<h1>Otto</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>Ot"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Attar</er>.</def>

<h1>Ottoman</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>Ot"to*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ottoman</ets>: cf. It. <ets>ottomano</ets>, <ets>ottomanno</ets>; -- from <ets>Othoman</ets>, <ets>Othman</ets>, or <ets>Osman</ets>, the name of a sultan who assumed the government of Turkey about the year 1300. Cf. <er>Osmanli</er>, <er>Ottoman</er> a stuffed seat.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Turks; <as>as, the <ex>Ottoman</ex> power or empire</as>.</def>

<h1>Ottoman</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>Ot"to*man</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ottomans</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A Turk.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>ottomane</ets>, from <ets>ottoman</ets> Turkish.]</ety> <def>A stuffed seat without a back, originally used in Turkey.</def>

<h1>Ottomite</h1>
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<hw>Ot"to*mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An Ottoman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ottrelite</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>Ot"trel*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Ottrez</ets>, on the borders of Luxembourg.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A micaceous mineral occurring in small scales. It is characteristic of certain crystalline schists.</def>

<h1>Ouakari</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>Oua*ka"ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any South American monkey of the genus <spn>Brachyurus</spn>, especially <spn>B. ouakari</spn>.</def>

<h1>Ouanderoo</h1>
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<hw>Ouan`der*oo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wanderoo.</def>

<h1>Ouarine</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>Oua`rine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Brazilian monkey of the genus Mycetes.</def>
<-- #sic. Why is genus name not italicised? -->

<h1>Oubliette</h1>
<Xpage=1017>

<hw>Ou`bli`ette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>oublier</ets> to forget, fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>oblitare</ets>, L. <ets>oblivisci</ets>, p. p. <ets>oblitus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dungeon with an opening only at the top, found in some old castles and other strongholds, into which persons condemned to perpetual imprisonment, or to perish secretly, were thrust, or lured to fall.</def>

<blockquote>Sudden in the sun
An <b>oubliette</b> winks. Where is he? Gone.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ouch</h1>
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<hw>Ouch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ouch</ets>, <ets>nouche</ets> (<ets>a nouch</ets> being taken for <ets>an ouch</ets>: cf. <er>Adder</er>), fr. OF. <ets>nusche</ets>, <ets>nosche</ets>, <ets>nousche</ets>, buckle, clasp, LL. <ets>nusca</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>nusca</ets>, <ets>nuscha</ets>.]</ety> <def>A socket or bezel holding a precious stone; hence, a jewel or ornament worn on the person.</def>

<blockquote>A precious stone in a rich <b>ouche</b>.
<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Your brooches, pearls, and <b>ouches</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oughne</h1>
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<hw>Ough"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Own.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ought</h1>
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<hw>Ought</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & adv.</tt> <def>See <er>Aught</er>.</def>

<h1>Ought</h1>
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<hw>Ought</hw>, <tt>imp., p. p., or auxiliary</tt>. <ety>[Orig. the preterit of the verb <ets>to owe</ets>. OE. <ets>oughte</ets>, <ets>aughte</ets>, <ets>ahte</ets>, AS. <ets>\'behte</ets>. &root;110. See <er>Owe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Was or were under obligation to pay; owed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This due obedience which they <b>ought</b> to the king.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The love and duty I long have <b>ought</b> you.
<i>Spelman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[He] said . . . you <b>ought</b> him a thousand pound.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Owned; possessed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The knight the which that castle <b>ought</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be bound in duty or by moral obligation.</def>

<blockquote>We then that are strong <b>ought</b> to bear the infirmities of the weak.
<i>Rom. xv. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be necessary, fit, becoming, or expedient; to behoove; -- in this sense formerly sometimes used impersonally or without a subject expressed.</def> "Well <i>ought</i> us work."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>To speak of this as it <b>ought</b>, would ask a volume.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Ought</b> not Christ to have suffered these things?
<i>Luke xxiv. 26.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Ought</i> is now chiefly employed as an auxiliary verb, expressing fitness, expediency, propriety, moral obligation, or the like, in the action or state indicated by the principal verb.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Ought</er>, <er>Should</er>.</syn> <usage> Both words imply obligation, but <i>ought</i> is the stronger. <i>Should</i> may imply merely an obligation of propriety, expendiency, etc.; <i>ought</i> denotes an obligation of duty.</usage>

<h1>Oughtness</h1>
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<hw>Ought"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being as a thing ought to be; rightness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>N. W. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Oughwhere</h1>
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<hw>Ough"where`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'behw\'91r</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anywhere; somewhere. See <er>Owher</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ouistiti</h1>
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<hw>Ouis"ti*ti</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Wistit</er>.</def>

<h1>Oul</h1>
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<hw>Oul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An awl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Oul</h1>
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<hw>Oul</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An owl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Oulachan</h1>
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<hw>Ou"la*chan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Eulachon</er>.</def>

<h1>Ounce</h1>
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<hw>Ounce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>once</ets>, fr. L. <ets>uncia</ets> a twelfth, the twelfth part of a pound or of a foot: cf. Gr. <?/ bulk, mass, atom. Cf. 2d <er>Inch</er>, <er>Oke</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A weight, the sixteenth part of a pound avoirdupois, and containing 437<?/ grains.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Troy Weight)</fld> <def>The twelfth part of a troy pound.</def>

<note>&hand; The troy ounce contains twenty pennyweights, each of twenty-four grains, or, in all, 480 grains, and is the twelfth part of the troy pound. The troy ounce is also a weight in apothecaries' weight.</note> <altsp>[<it>Troy ounce</it> is sometimes written as one word, <asp>troyounce</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: A small portion; a bit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>By <b>ounces</b> hung his locks that he had.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fluid ounce</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fluid</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Ounce</h1>
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<hw>Ounce</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>once</ets>; cf. It. <ets>lonza</ets>, Sp. <ets>onza</ets>; prob. for <ets>lonce</ets>, taken as <ets>l'once</ets>, fr. L. <ets>lynx</ets>, Gr. <?/, or an (assumed) fem. adj. <ets>lyncea</ets>, from <ets>lynx</ets>. Cf. <er>Lynx</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A feline quadruped (<spn>Felis irbis, &or; uncia</spn>) resembling the leopard in size, and somewhat in color, but it has longer and thicker fur, which forms a short mane on the back. The <i>ounce</i> is pale yellowish gray, with irregular dark spots on the neck and limbs, and dark rings on the body. It inhabits the lofty mountain ranges of Asia. Called also <altname>once</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ounded, Oundy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ound"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Oun"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ond\'82</ets>, <ets>-\'82e</ets>, fr. <ets>onde</ets>, L. <ets>unda</ets>, a wave.]</ety> <def>Wavy; waving<?/ curly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Owndie</i> hair."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ounding</h1>
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<hw>Ound"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>vb. n.</tt> <def>Waving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Ounding</b>, paling, winding, or bending . . . of cloth.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ouphe</h1>
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<hw>Ouphe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Auf</er>.]</ety> <def>A fairy; a goblin; an elf.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Like urchins, <i>ouphes</i>, and fairies."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ouphen</h1>
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<hw>Ouph"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Elfish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Our</h1>
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<hw>Our</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>possessive pron.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets><?/re</ets> our, of us; akin to <ets><?/s</ets> us, to us, and to G. <ets>unser</ets> our, of us, Goth. <ets>unsara</ets>. &root;186 See <er>Us</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to us; belonging to us; <as>as, <ex>our</ex> country; <ex>our</ex> rights; <ex>our</ex> troops; <ex>our</ex> endeavors. See <er>I</er>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The Lord is <b>our</b> defense.
<i>Ps. lxxxix. 18.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; When the noun is not expressed, <i>ours</i> is used in the same way as <i>hers</i> for <i>her</i>, <i>yours</i> for <i>your</i>, etc.; as, whose house is that? It is <i>ours</i>.</note>

<blockquote>Our wills are <b>ours</b>, we known not how.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>-our</h1>
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<hw>-our</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[OF. <ets>-our</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>-or</er>.</def>

<h1>Ourang</h1>
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<hw>Ou*rang"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The orang-outang.</def>

<h1>Ourang-outang</h1>
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<hw>Ou*rang"-ou*tang`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Orang-outang</er>.</def>

<h1>Ouranographist</h1>
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<hw>Ou`ra*nog"ra*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Uranographist</er>.</def>

<h1>Ouranography</h1>
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<hw>Ou`ra*nog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Uranography</er>.</def>

<h1>Ourebi</h1>
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<hw>Ou"re*bi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, graceful, and swift African antelope, allied to the klipspringer.</def>

<h1>Ouretic</h1>
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<hw>Ou*ret"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, from <?/ urine. Cf. <er>Uretic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Uric.</def>

<h1>Ourology</h1>
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<hw>Ou*rol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Urology</er>.</def>

<h1>Ouroscopy</h1>
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<hw>Ou*ros"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ urine + <ets>-scopy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ourology.</def>

<h1>Ours</h1>
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<hw>Ours</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>possessive pron.</tt> <def>See Note under <er>Our</er>.</def>

<h1>Ourselves</h1>
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<hw>Our*selves"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>pron.</tt><def>; <i>sing</i>. <er>Ourself</er> (<?/). An emphasized form of the pronoun of the first person plural; -- used as a subject, usually with <i>we</i>; also, alone in the predicate, in the nominative or the objective case.</def>

<blockquote>We <b>ourselves</b> might distinctly number in words a great deal further then we usually do.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Safe in <b>ourselves</b>, while on <b>ourselves</b> we stand.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The form <i>ourself</i> is usec only in the regal or formal style after <i>we</i> or <i>us</i>, denoting a single person.</note>

<blockquote>Unless we would denude <b>ourself</b> of all force.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>-ous</h1>
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<hw>-ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[OF. <ets>-ous</ets>, <ets>us</ets>, <ets>-os</ets>, F. <ets>-eux</ets>, fr. L. <ets>-osus</ets>, and <ets>-us</ets>. Cf. <er>-ose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An adjective suffix meaning <i>full of</i>, <i>abounding in</i>, <i>having</i>, <i>possessing the qualities of</i>, <i>like</i>; as in graci<i>ous</i>, abounding in grace; ardu<i>ous</i>, full of ardor; bulb<i>ous</i>, having bulbs, bulblike; riot<i>ous</i>, poison<i>ous</i>, pite<i>ous</i>, joy<i>ous</i>, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A suffix denoting that the element indicated by the name bearing it, has a valence <i>lower</i> than that denoted by the termination <i>-ic</i>; <as>as, nitr<ex>ous</ex>, sulphur<ex>ous</ex>, etc</as>., as contrasted with nitr<i>ic</i>, sulphur<i>ic</i>, etc.</def>

<hr>
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Page 1018<p>

<h1>Ouse</h1>
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<hw>Ouse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Ooze</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ousel</h1>
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<hw>Ou"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>osel</ets>, AS. <ets><?/sle</ets>; akin to G. <ets>amsel</ets>, OHG. <ets>amsala</ets>, and perh. to L. <ets>merula</ets> blackbird. Cf. <er>Merle</er>, <er>Amsel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of European thrushes, especially the blackbird (<spn>Merula merula</spn>, or <spn>Turdus merula</spn>), and the mountain or ring ousel (<spn>Turdus torquatus</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ouzel</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Rock ousel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the ring ousel.</cd> -- <col>Water ousel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European dipper (<spn>Cinclus aquaticus</spn>), and the American dipper (<spn>C. Mexicanus</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Oust</h1>
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<hw>Oust</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Oast</er>.</def>

<h1>Oust</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Oust</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ousted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ousting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>oster</ets>, F. <ets>\'93ter</ets>, prob. fr. L. <ets>obstare</ets> to oppose, hence, to forbid, take away. See <er>Obstacle</er>, and cf. <er>Ouster</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take away; to remove.</def>

<blockquote>Multiplication of actions upon the case were rare, formerly, and thereby wager of law <b>ousted</b>.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To eject; to turn out.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<blockquote>From mine own earldom foully <b>ousted</b> me.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ouster</h1>
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<hw>Oust"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. the OF. infin. <ets>oster</ets>, used substantively. See <er>Oust</er>.]</ety> <def>A putting out of possession; dispossession; ejection; disseizin.</def>

<blockquote><b>Ouster</b> of the freehold is effected by abatement, intrusion, disseizin, discontinuance, or deforcement.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ouster le main</col>. <ety>[<ets>Ouster<ets> + F. <ets>la main<ets> the hand, L. <ets>manus<ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>A delivery of lands out of the hands of a guardian, or out of the king's hands, or a judgement given for that purpose.</cd></cs>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Out</h1>
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<hw>Out</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>out</ets>, <ets>ut</ets>, <ets>oute</ets>, <ets>ute</ets>, AS. <ets><?/t</ets>, and <ets><?/te</ets>, <ets><?/tan</ets>, fr. <ets><?/t</ets>; akin to D. <ets>uit</ets>, OS. <ets><?/t</ets>, G. <ets>aus</ets>, OHG. <ets>-<?/z</ets>, Icel. <ets><?/t</ets>, Sw. <ets>ut</ets>, Dan. <ets>ud</ets>, Goth. <ets>ut</ets>, Skr. <ets>ud</ets>. <?/198. Cf. <er>About</er>, <er>But</er>, <ets>prep</ets>., <er>Carouse</er>, <er>Utter</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>In its original and strict sense, <i>out</i> means from the interior of something; beyond the limits or boundary of somethings; in a position or relation which is exterior to something; -- opposed to <i>in</i> or <i>into</i>. The something may be expressed after <i>of</i>, <i>from</i>, etc. (see <cref>Out of</cref>, below); or, if not expressed, it is implied; <as>as, he is <ex>out</ex>; or, he is <ex>out of</ex> the house, office, business, etc.; he came <ex>out</ex>; or, he came <ex>out from</ex> the ship, meeting, sect, party, etc.</as></def> <i>Out</i> is used in a variety of applications, as: --

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Away; abroad; off; from home, or from a certain, or a usual, place; not in; not in a particular, or a usual, place; <as>as, the proprietor is <ex>out</ex>, his team was taken <ex>out</ex></as>.</def> "My shoulder blade is <i>out</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He hath been <b>out</b> (of the country) nine years.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Beyond the limits of concealment, confinement, privacy, constraint, etc., actual of figurative; hence, not in concealment, constraint, etc., in, or into, a state of freedom, openness, disclosure, publicity, etc.; <as>as, the sun shines <ex>out</ex>; he laughed <ex>out</ex>, to be <ex>out</ex> at the elbows; the secret has leaked <ex>out</ex>, or is <ex>out</ex>; the disease broke <ex>out</ex> on his face; the book is <ex>out</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Leaves are <b>out</b> and perfect in a month.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She has not been <b>out</b> [in general society] very long.
<i>H. James.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Beyond the limit of existence, continuance, or supply; to the end; completely; hence, in, or into, a condition of extinction, exhaustion, completion; <as>as, the fuel, or the fire, has burned <ex>out</ex></as>.</def> "Hear me <i>out</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Deceitiful men shall not live <b>out</b> half their days.
<i>Ps. iv. 23.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When the butt is <b>out</b>, we will drink water.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Beyond possession, control, or occupation; hence, in, or into, a state of want, loss, or deprivation; -- used of office, business, property, knowledge, etc.; <as>as, the Democrats went <ex>out</ex> and the Whigs came in; he put his money <ex>out</ex> at interest.</as></def> "Land that is <i>out</i> at rack rent." <i>Locke</i>. "He was <i>out</i> fifty pounds." <i>Bp. Fell</i>.

<blockquote>I have forgot my part, and I am <b>out</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Beyond the bounds of what is true, reasonable, correct, proper, common, etc.; in error or mistake; in a wrong or incorrect position or opinion; in a state of disagreement, opposition, etc.; in an inharmonious relation.</def> "Lancelot and I are <i>out</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Wicked men are strangely <b>out</b> in the calculating of their own interest.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Very seldom <b>out</b>, in these his guesses.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Not in the position to score in playing a game; not in the state or turn of the play for counting or gaining scores.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Out</i> is largely used in composition as a prefix, with the same significations that it has as a separate word; as <i>out</i>bound, <i>out</i>break, <i>out</i>building, <i>out</i>come, <i>out</i>do, <i>out</i>door, <i>out</i>field. See also the first Note under <er>Over</er>, <tt>adv.</tt></note>

<cs><col>Day in, day out</col>, <cd>from the beginning to the limit of each of several days; day by day; every day.</cd> -- <col>Out and out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <tt>adv.</tt> <cd>Completely; wholly; openly.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <tt>adj.</tt> <cd>Without any reservation or disguise; absolute; <as>as, an <ex>out and out</ex> villain</as></cd>. <altsp>[As an <asp>adj</asp>. written also <asp>out-and-out</asp>.]</altsp> -- <col>Out at</col>, <col>Out in</col>, <col>Out on</col></mcol>, <cd>etc., elliptical phrases, that to which <i>out<i> refers as a source, origin, etc., being omitted; <as>as, <ex>out<ex> (of the house and) <ex>at<ex> the barn; <ex>out<ex> (of the house, road, fields, etc., and) <ex>in<ex> the woods</as>.</cd>

<blockquote>Three fishers went sailing <b>out into</b> the west,
<b>Out into</b> the west, as the sun went down.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<note>In these lines after <i>out</i> may be understood, "of the harbor," "from the shore," "of sight," or some similar phrase. The complete construction is seen in the saying: "<i>Out</i> of the frying pan <i>into</i> the fire."</note> -- <col>Out from</col>, <cd>a construction similar to <i>out of</i> (below). See <er>Of</er> and <er>From</er>.</cd>

    <col>Out of</col>, <cd>a phrase which may be considered either as composed of an adverb and a preposition, each having its appropriate office in the sentence, or as a compound preposition. Considered as a preposition, it denotes, with verbs of movement or action, <i>from the interior of<i>; <i>beyond the limit<i>: <i>from<i>; hence, <i>origin<i>, <i>source<i>, <i>motive<i>, <i>departure<i>, <i>separation<i>, <i>loss<i>, etc.; -- opposed to <i>in<i> or <i>into<i>; also with verbs of being, the state of being derived, removed, or separated from. Examples may be found in the phrases below, and also under Vocabulary words; as, <i>out of<i> breath; <i>out of<i> countenance.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Out of cess</col>, <cd>beyond measure, excessively. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Out of character</col>, <cd>unbecoming; improper.</cd> -- <col>Out of conceit with</col>, <cd>not pleased with. See under <er>Conceit</er>.</cd> -- <col>Out of date</col>, <cd>not timely; unfashionable; antiquated.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Out of door</col>, <col>Out of doors</col></mcol>, <cd>beyond the doors; from the house; in, or into, the open air; hence, figuratively, shut out; dismissed. See under <er>Door</er>, also, <er>Out-of-door</er>, <er>Outdoor</er>, <er>Outdoors</er>, in the Vocabulary. "He 's quality, and the question's <i>out of door<i>," <i>Dryden</i>.</cd> -- <col>Out of favor</col>, <cd>disliked; under displeasure.</cd> -- <col>Out of frame</col>, <cd>not in correct order or condition; irregular; disarranged. <i>Latimer<i>.</cd> -- <col>Out of hand</col>, <cd>immediately; without delay or preparation. "Ananias . . . fell down and died <i>out of hand<i>." <i>Latimer</i>.</cd><-- most often seen in "dismiss out of hand" --> -- <col>Out of harm's way</col>, <cd>beyond the danger limit; in a safe place.</cd> -- <col>Out of joint</col>, <cd>not in proper connection or adjustment; unhinged; disordered. "The time is <i>out of joint<i>." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Out of mind</col>, <cd>not in mind; forgotten; also, beyond the limit of memory; <as>as, time <ex>out of mind<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>Out of one's head</col>, <cd>beyond commanding one's mental powers; in a wandering state mentally; delirious.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Out of one's time</col>, <cd>beyond one's period of minority or apprenticeship.</cd> -- <col>Out of order</col>, <cd>not in proper order; disarranged; in confusion.</cd> -- <col>Out of place</col>, <cd>not in the usual or proper place; hence, not proper or becoming.</cd> -- <col>Out of pocket</col>, <cd>in a condition of having expended or lost more money than one has received.</cd> -- <col>Out of print</col>, <cd>not in market, the edition printed being exhausted; -- said of books, pamphlets, etc.</cd> -- <col>Out of the question</col>, <cd>beyond the limits or range of consideration; impossible to be favorably considered.</cd> -- <col>Out of reach</col>, <cd>beyond one's reach; inaccessible.</cd> -- <col>Out of season</col>, <cd>not in a proper season or time; untimely; inopportune.</cd> -- <col>Out of sorts</col>, <cd>wanting certain things; unsatisfied; unwell; unhappy; cross. See under <er>Sort</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Out of temper</col>, <cd>not in good temper; irritated; angry.</cd> -- <col>Out of time</col>, <cd>not in proper time; too soon, or too late.</cd> -- <col>Out of time</col>, <cd>not in harmony; discordant; hence, not in an agreeing temper; fretful.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Out of twist</col>, <col>winding</col>, &or; <col>wind</col></mcol>, <cd>not in warped condition; perfectly plain and smooth; -- said of surfaces.</cd> -- <col>Out of use</col>, <cd>not in use; unfashionable; obsolete.</cd> -- <col>Out of the way</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>On one side; hard to reach or find; secluded</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Improper; unusual; wrong.</cd> -- <col>Out of the woods</col>, <cd>not in a place, or state, of obscurity or doubt; free from difficulty or perils; safe.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Out to out</col></mcol>, <cd>from one extreme limit to another, including the whole length, breadth, or thickness; -- applied to measurements.</cd> -- <col>Out West</col>, in or towards, the West; specifically, in some Western State or Territory. <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>To come out</col>, <col>To cut out</col>, <col>To fall out</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Come</er>, <er>Cut</er>, <er>Fall</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>To put out of the way</col>, <cd>to kill; to destroy.</cd> -- <col>Week in, week out</col>. <cd>See <cref>Day in, day out</cref> (above).</cd></cs>

<h1>Out</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, is out; especially, one who is out of office; -- generally in the plural.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place or space outside of something; a nook or corner; an angle projecting outward; an open space; -- chiefly used in the phrase <i>ins and outs</i>; <as>as, the <ex>ins and outs</ex> of a question</as>. See under <er>In</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A word or words omitted by the compositor in setting up copy; an omission.</def>

<cs><col>To make an out</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>to omit something, in setting or correcting type, which was in the copy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Out</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to be out; to eject; to expel.</def>

<blockquote>A king <b>outed</b> from his country.
<i>Selden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The French have been <b>outed</b> of their holds.
<i>Heylin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come out with; to make known.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give out; to dispose of; to sell.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Out</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To come or go out; to get out or away; to become public.</def> "Truth will <i>out</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Out</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out</hw>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>Expressing impatience, anger, a desire to be rid of; -- with the force of command; go out; begone; away; off.</def>

<blockquote><b>Out</b>, idle words, servants to shallow fools !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Out upon</col> &or; <col>on!</col></mcol> <cd>equivalent to "shame upon!" "away with!" <as>as, <ex>out upon<ex> you!</as></cd></cs>

<h1>Outact</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*act"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To do or beyond; to exceed in acting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He has made me heir to treasures
Would make me <b>outact</b> a real window's whining.
<i>Otway.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outagamies</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Ou"ta*gam`ies</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Outagamie</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>See lst <er>Fox</er>, 7.</def>

<h1>Outargue</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*ar"gue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass or conquer in argument.</def>

<h1>Outbabble</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*bab"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter foolishly or excessively; to surpass in babbling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Outbalance</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*bal"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To outweight; to exceed in weight or effect.</def>

<blockquote>Let dull Ajax bear away my right
When all his days <b>outbalance</b> this one night.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outbar</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*bar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bar out.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Outbeg</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*beg"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in begging.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Outbid</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*bid"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Outbid</er> or <er>Outbade</er> (<?/); <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Outbid</er> or <er>Outbidden</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Outbidding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To exceed or surpass in bidding.</def>

<blockquote>Prevent the greedy, and <b>outbid</b> the bold.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outbidder</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*bid"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who outbids.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Outbleat</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*bleat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in bleating.</def>

<h1>Outblown</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"blown`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inflated with wind.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Outblush</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*blush"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in blushing; to surpass in rosy color.</def>

<i>T. Shipman.</i>

<h1>Outboard</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Beyond or outside of the lines of a vessel's bulwarks or hull; in a direction from the hull or from the keel; -- opposed to <i>inboard</i>; <as>as, <ex>outboard</ex> rigging; swing the davits <ex>outboard</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Outborn</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"born`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Foreign; not native.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Outbound</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"bound`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Outward bound.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Outbounds</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"bounds`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>The farthest or exterior bounds; extreme limits; boundaries.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Outbow</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*bow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To excel in bowing.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Outbowed</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"bowed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Convex; curved outward.</def> "The convex or <i>outbowed</i> side of a vessel."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Outbrag</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*brag"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in bragging; hence, to make appear inferior.</def>

<blockquote>Whose bare <b>outbragg'd</b> the web it seemed to wear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outbrave</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*brave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To excel in bravery o<?/ in insolence; to defy with superior courage or audacity</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To excel in magnificence or comeliness.</def>

<blockquote>The basest weed <b>outbraves</b> his dignity.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outbray</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*bray"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To exceed in braying.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To emit with great noise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Outbrazen</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*bra"zen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bear down with a brazen face; to surpass in impudence.</def>

<i>T. Brown.</i>

<h1>Outbreak</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"break`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bursting forth; eruption; insurrection.</def> "Mobs and <i>outbreaks</i>."

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<blockquote>The flash and <b>outbreak</b> of a fiery mind.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outbreaking</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"break`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of breaking out.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which bursts forth.</def>

<h1>Outbreast</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*breast"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in singing. See <er>Breast</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 6.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Outbreathe</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*breathe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To breathe forth.</def> "<i>Outbreathed</i> life."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to be out of breath; to exhaust.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outbreathe</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*breathe"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To issue, as breath; to be breathed out; to exhale.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Outbribe</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*bribe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in bribing.</def>

<h1>Outbring</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*bring"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bring or bear out.</def>

<h1>Outbud</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*bud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sprout.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Outbuild</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*build"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Outbuilt</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Outbuilded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Outbuilding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To exceed in building, or in durability of building.</def>

<h1>Outbuilding</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"build`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A building separate from, and subordinate to, the main house; an outhouse.</def>

<h1>Outburn</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*burn"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To exceed in burning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To burn entirely; to be consumed.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outburst</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"burst`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bursting forth.</def>

<h1>Outcant</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*cant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in canting.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Outcast</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"cast`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>utkasta</ets> to cast out.]</ety> <def>Cast out; degraded.</def> "<i>Outcast</i>, rejected."

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Outcast</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"cast`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is cast out or expelled; an exile; one driven from home, society, or country; hence, often, a degraded person; a vagabond.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord . . . gathereth together the <b>outcasts</b> of Israel.
<i>Ps. cxlvii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A quarrel; a contention.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Outcasting</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"cast`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is cast out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Outcept</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*cept"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Except.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Outcheat</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*cheat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in cheating.</def>

<h1>Outclimb</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*climb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To climb bevond; to surpass in climbing.</def>

<i>Davenant.</i>

<h1>Outcome</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"come</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which comes out of, or follows from, something else; issue; result; consequence; upshot.</def> "The logical <i>outcome</i>."

<i>H. Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>All true literature, all genuine poetry, is the direct <b>outcome</b>, the condensed essence, of actual life and thougth.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outcompass</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*com"pass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed the compass or limits of.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Outcourt</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"court`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An outer or exterior court.</def>

<blockquote>The skirts and <b>outcourts</b> of heaven.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outcrafty</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*craft"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in cunning.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outcrier</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"cri`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who cries out or proclaims; a herald or crier.</def>

<h1>Outcrop</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"crop`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The coming out of a stratum to the surface of the ground.</def> <i>Lyell</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That part of inclined strata which appears at the surface; basset.</def>

<h1>Outcrop</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*crop"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>To come out to the surface of the ground; -- said of strata.</def>

<h1>Outcry</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"cry`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A vehement or loud cry; a cry of distress, alarm, opposition, or detestation; clamor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sale at public auction.</def>

<i>Massinger. Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Outdare</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*dare"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in daring; to overcome by courage; to brave.</def>

<i>Shak. R. Browning.</i>

<h1>Outdated</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*dat"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being out of date; antiquated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Outdazzle</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*daz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in dazzing.</def>

<h1>Outdo</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*do"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Outdid</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Outdone</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Outdoing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To go beyond in performance; to excel; to surpass.</def>

<blockquote>An imposture <b>outdoes</b> the original.
<i>L' Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I grieve to be <b>outdone</b> by Gay.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outdoor</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"door`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>out of door</ets>.]</ety> <def>Being, or done, in the open air; being or done outside of certain buildings, as poorhouses, hospitals, etc.; <as>as, <ex>outdoor</ex> exercise; <ex>outdoor</ex> relief; <ex>outdoor</ex> patients.</as></def>

<h1>Outdoors</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"doors`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Abread; out of the house; out of doors.</def>

<h1>Outdraw</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*draw"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To draw out; to extract.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "He must the teeth <i>outdraw</i>."

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Outdream</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*dream"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pass, or escape, while dreaming.</def> "To <i>oultdream</i> dangers."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Outdrink</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*drink"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in drinking.</def>

<h1>Outdure</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*dure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To outlast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Outdwell</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out*dwell"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dwell or stay beyond.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark> "He <i>outdwells</i> his hour."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outdweller</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"dwell`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who holds land in a parish, but lives elsewhere.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Outer</h1>
<Xpage=1018>

<hw>Out"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> of <er>Out</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets><?/tor</ets>, compar. of <ets><?/t</ets>, adv., out. See <er>Out</er>, <er>Utter</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Being on the outside; external; farthest or farther from the interior, from a given station, or from any space or position regarded as a center or starting place; -- opposed to <i>inner</i>; <as>as, the <ex>outer</ex> wall; the <ex>outer</ex> court or gate; the <ex>outer</ex> stump in cricket; the <ex>outer</ex> world.</as></def>

<cs><col>Outer bar</col>, <cd>in England, the body of junior (or utter) barristers; -- so called because in court they occupy a place beyond the space reserved for Queen's counsel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Outer</h1>
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<hw>Out"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The part of a target which is beyond the circles surrounding the bull's-eye.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A shot which strikes the outer of a target.</def>

<h1>Outer</h1>
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<hw>Out"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Out</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>One who puts out, ousts, or expels; also, an ouster; dispossession.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Outerly</h1>
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<hw>Out"er*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Utterly; entirely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Toward the outside.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Outermost</h1>
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<hw>Out"er*most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Uttermost</er>, <er>Utmost</er>, and cf. <er>Outmost</er>.]</ety> <def>Being on the extreme external part; farthest outward; <as>as, the <ex>outermost</ex> row</as>.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<hr>
<page="1019">
Page 1019<p>

<h1>Outface</h1>
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<hw>Out*face"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Outfaced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Outfacing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To face or look (one) out of countenance; to resist or bear down by bold looks or effrontery; to brave.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Having <b>outfaced</b> all the world.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outfall</h1>
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<hw>Out"fall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The mouth of a river; the lower end of a water course; the open end of a drain, culvert, etc., where the discharge occurs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A quarrel; a falling out.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Outfangthef</h1>
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<hw>Out*fang"thef</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets><?/t-fangen-<?/e\'a2f</ets>. See <er>Out</er>, <er>Fang</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and <er>Thief</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anglo-Saxon & O. Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A thief from without or abroad, taken within a lord's fee or liberty.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The privilege of trying such a thief.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Outfawn</h1>
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<hw>Out*fawn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in fawning.</def>

<h1>Outfeast</h1>
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<hw>Out*feast"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in feasting.</def>

<h1>Outfeat</h1>
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<hw>Out*feat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in feats.</def>

<h1>Outfield</h1>
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<hw>Out"field`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Arable land which has been or is being exhausted. See <er>Infield</er>, 1.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A field beyond, or separated from, the inclosed land about the homestead; an uninclosed or unexplored tract. Also used figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>The great <b>outfield</b> of thought or fact.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>The part of the field beyond the diamond, or infield. It is occupied by the fielders.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>The part of the field farthest from the batsman.</def>

<h1>Outfit</h1>
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<hw>Out"fit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fitting out, or equipment, as of a ship for a voyage, or of a person for an expedition in an unoccupied region or residence in a foreign land; things required for equipment; the expense of, or allowance made for, equipment, as by the government of the United States to a diplomatic agent going abroad.</def>

<h1>Outfitter</h1>
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<hw>Out"fit`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who furnishes outfits for a voyage, a journey, or a business.</def>

<h1>Outflank</h1>
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<hw>Out*flank"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To go beyond, or be superior to, on the flank; to pass around or turn the flank or flanks of.</def>

<h1>Outflatter</h1>
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<hw>Out*flat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in flattering.</def>

<h1>Outfling</h1>
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<hw>Out"fling`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gibe; a contemptuous remark.</def>

<h1>Outflow</h1>
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<hw>Out"flow`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flowing out; efflux.</def>

<h1>Outflow</h1>
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<hw>Out*flow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To flow out.</def>

<i>Campbell.</i>

<h1>Outfly</h1>
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<hw>Out*fly"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Outflew</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Outflown</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; p. pr. & vb. n. <er>Outflying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To surpass in flying; to fly beyond or faster than.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Winged with fear <b>outflies</b> the wind.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outfool</h1>
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<hw>Out*fool"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in folly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Outform</h1>
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<hw>Out"form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>External appearance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Outfrown</h1>
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<hw>Out*frown"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To frown down; to overbear by frowning.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outgate</h1>
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<hw>Out"gate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An outlet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Outgaze</h1>
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<hw>Out*gaze"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To gaze beyond; to exceed in sharpness or persistence of seeing or of looking; hence, to stare out of countenance.</def>

<h1>Outgeneral</h1>
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<hw>Out*gen"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Outgeneraled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Outgeneralled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Outgeneraling</er> or <er>Outgeneralling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To exceed in generalship; to gain advantage over by superior military skill or executive ability; to outmaneuver.</def>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Outgive</h1>
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<hw>Out*give"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in giving.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Outgo</h1>
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<hw>Out*go"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Outwent</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Outgone</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Outgoing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To go beyond; to exceed in swiftness; to surpass; to outdo.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To circumvent; to overreach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Denham.</i>

<h1>Outgo</h1>
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<hw>Out"go`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Outgoes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>That which goes out, or is paid out; outlay; expenditure; -- the opposite of <ant>income</ant>.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Outgoer</h1>
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<hw>Out"go`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who goes out or departs.</def>

<h1>Outgoing</h1>
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<hw>Out"go`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or the state of going out.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>outgoings</b> of the morning and evening.
<i>Ps. lxv. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which goes out; outgo; outlay.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The extreme limit; the place of ending.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>outgoings</b> of the border were at the north bay of the salt sea, at the south end of Jordan.
<i>Josh. xviii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outgoing</h1>
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<hw>Out"go`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Going out; departing; <as>as, the <ex>outgoing</ex> administration; an <ex>outgoing</ex> steamer.</as></def>

<h1>Outground</h1>
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<hw>Out"ground`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ground situated at a distance from the house; outlying land.</def>

<h1>Outgrow</h1>
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<hw>Out*grow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Outgrew</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Outgrown</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Outgrowing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To surpass in growing; to grow more than.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grow out of or away from; to grow too large, or too aged, for; <as>as, to <ex>outgrow</ex> clothing; to <ex>outgrow</ex> usefulness; to <ex>outgrow</ex> an infirmity.</as></def>

<h1>Outgrowth</h1>
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<hw>Out"growth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which grows out of, or proceeds from, anything; an excrescence; an offshoot; hence, a result or consequence.</def>

<h1>Outguard</h1>
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<hw>Out"guard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A guard or small body of troops at a distance from the main body of an army, to watch for the approach of an enemy; hence, anything for defense placed at a distance from the thing to be defended.</def>

<h1>Outgush</h1>
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<hw>Out"gush`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pouring out; an outburst.</def>

<blockquote>A passionate <b>outgush</b> of emotion.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outgush</h1>
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<hw>Out*gush"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To gush out; to flow forth.</def>

<h1>Outhaul</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"haul`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope used for hauling out a sail upon a spar; -- opposite of <i>inhaul</i>.</def>

<h1>Outhess</h1>
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<hw>Out*hess"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>uthesium</ets>, <ets>hutesium</ets>, <ets>huesium</ets>, OF. <ets>hueis</ets>, and E. <ets>hue</ets>, in <ets>hue and cry</ets>.]</ety> <def>Outcry; alarm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Outher</h1>
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<hw>Outh"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <def>Other.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Out-Herod</h1>
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<hw>Out-Her"od</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass (Herod) in violence or wickedness; to exceed in any vicious or offensive particular.</def> "It <i>out-Herods</i> Herod."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote><b>Out-Heroding</b> the preposterous fashions of the times.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outhire</h1>
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<hw>Out*hire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To hire out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Outhouse</h1>
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<hw>Out"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small house or building at a little distance from the main house; an outbuilding.</def>

<h1>Outing</h1>
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<hw>Out"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of going out; an airing; an excursion; <as>as, a summer <ex>outing</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A feast given by an apprentice when he is out of his time.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Outjest</h1>
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<hw>Out*jest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in jesting; to drive out, or away, by jesting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outjet</h1>
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<hw>Out"jet`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which jets out or projects from anything.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>H. Miller.</i>

<h1>Outjuggle</h1>
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<hw>Out*jug"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in juggling.</def>

<h1>Outkeeper</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"keep`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Surv.)</fld> <def>An attachment to a surveyor's compass for keeping tally in chaining.</def>

<h1>Outknave</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*knave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in knavery.</def>

<h1>Outlabor</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*la"bor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in laboring.</def>

<h1>Outland</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"land</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Out</ets> + <ets>land.</ets> See <er>Outlandish</er>.]</ety> <def>Foreign; outlandish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Strutt.</i>

<h1>Outlander</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"land*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A foreigner.</def>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Outlandish</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*land"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets><?/tlendisc</ets> foreign. See <er>Out</er>, <er>Land</er>, and <er>-ish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Foreign; not native.</def>

<blockquote>Him did <b>outlandish</b> women cause to sin.
<i>Neh. xiii. 26.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Its barley water and its <b>outlandish</b> wines.
<i>G. W. Cable.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Not according with usage; strange; rude; barbarous; uncouth; clownish; <as>as, an <ex>outlandish</ex> dress, behavior, or speech</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Something <b>outlandish</b>, unearthy, or at variance with ordinary fashion.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

--<wordforms><wf>Out*land"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Out*land"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Outlast</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*last"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in duration; to survive; to endure longer than.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Outlaugh</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*laugh"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To surpass or outdo in laughing.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To laugh (one) out of a purpose, principle, etc.; to discourage or discomfit by laughing; to laugh down.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>His apprehensions of being <b>outlaughed</b> will force him to continue in a restless obscurity.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outlaw</h1>
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<hw>Out"law`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets><?/tlaga</ets>, <ets><?/tlah</ets>. See <er>Out</er>, and <er>Law</er>.]</ety> <def>A person excluded from the benefit of the law, or deprived of its protection.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Outlaw</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"law`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Outlawed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Outlawing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets><?/tlagian</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To deprive of the benefit and protection of law; to declare to be an outlaw; to proscribe.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To remove from legal jurisdiction or enforcement; <as>as, to <ex>outlaw</ex> a debt or claim</as>; to deprive of legal force.</def> "Laws <i>outlawed</i> by necessity."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Outlawry</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"law`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Outlawries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of outlawing; the putting a man out of the protection of law, or the process by which a man (as an absconding criminal) is deprived of that protection.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being an outlaw.</def>

<h1>Outlay</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*lay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lay out; to spread out; to display.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Outlay</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"lay`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A laying out or expending.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is expended; expenditure.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An outlying haunt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Outleap</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*leap"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in leaping.</def>

<h1>Outleap</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"leap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sally.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Outlearn</h1>
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<hw>Out*learn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To excel or surpass in learing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To learn out [<it>i. e.</it>, completely, utterly]; to exhaust knowledge of.</def>

<blockquote>Naught, according to his mind,
He could <b>outlearn</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Men and gods have not <b>outlearned</b> it [love].
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outlet</h1>
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<hw>Out"let`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The place or opening by which anything is let out; a passage out; an exit; a vent.</def>

<blockquote>Receiving all, and having no <b>outlet</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outlet</h1>
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<hw>Out*let"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To let out; to emit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Outlie</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*lie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in lying.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Outlier</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"li`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who does not live where his office, or business, or estate, is.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which lies, or is, away from the main body.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A part of a rock or stratum lying without, or beyond, the main body, from which it has been separated by denudation.</def>

<h1>Outlimb</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"limb`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt><def>, An extreme member or part of a thing; a limb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Outline</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"line`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The line which marks the outer limits of an object or figure; the exterior line or edge; contour.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In art: A line drawn by pencil, pen, graver, or the like, by which the boundary of a figure is indicated.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A sketch composed of such lines; the delineation of a figure without shading.</def>

<blockquote>Painters, by their <b>outlines</b>, colors, lights, and shadows, represent the same in their pictures.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: A sketch of any scheme; a preliminary or general indication of a plan, system, course of thought, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>outline</ex> of a speech</as>.</def>

<blockquote>But that larger grief . . .
Is given in <b>outline</b> and no more.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Sketch; draught; delineation. See <er>Sketch</er>.</syn>

<h1>Outline</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"line`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Outlined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Outlining</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw the outline of.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To sketch out or indicate as by an outline; <as>as, to <ex>outline</ex> an argument or a campaign</as>.</def>

<h1>Outlinear</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*lin"e*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an outline; being in, or forming, an outline.</def>

<i>Trench.</i>

<h1>Outlive</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*live"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Outlived</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Outliving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To live beyond, or longer than; to survive.</def>

<blockquote>They live too long who happiness <b>outlive</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outliver</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*liv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who outlives.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Outlook</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*look"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To face down; to outstare.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>outlook</b> conquest, and to win renown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inspect throughly; to select.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotton.</i>

<h1>Outlook</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"look`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of looking out; watch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who looks out; also, the place from which one looks out; a watchower.</def>

<i>Lyon Playfair.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The view obtained by one looking out; scope of vision; prospect; sight; appearance.</def>

<blockquote>Applause
Which owes to man's short <b>outlook</b> all its charms.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outloose</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"loose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A loosing from; an escape; an outlet; an evasion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That "whereas" gives me an <b>outloose</b>.
<i>Selden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outlope</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"lope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An excursion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Florio.</i>

<h1>Outluster, Outlustre</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw><hw>Out*lus"ter</hw>, <hw>Out*lus"tre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To excel in brightness or luster.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outlying</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"ly`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lying or being at a distance from the central part, or the main body; being on, or beyond, the frontier; exterior; remote; detached.</def>

<h1>Outmaneuver, Outman\'d2uvre</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw><hw>Out`ma*neu"ver</hw>, <hw>Out`ma*n\'d2u"vre</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass, or get an advantage of, in maneuvering; to outgeneral.</def>

<h1>Outmantle</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*man"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To excel in mantling; hence, to excel in splendor, as of dress.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>And with poetic trappings grace thy prose,
Till it <b>outmantle</b> all the pride of verse.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outmarch</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*march"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in marching; to march faster than, or so as to leave behind.</def>

<h1>Outmeasure</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*meas"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in measure or extent; to measure more than.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Outmost</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>outemest</ets>, <ets>utmest</ets>, AS. <ets><?/temest</ets>, a superl. fr. <ets><?/te</ets> out. See <er>Out</er>, <er>Utmost</er>, and cf. <er>Outermost</er>.]</ety> <def>Farthest from the middle or interior; farthest outward; outermost.</def>

<h1>Outmount</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*mount"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mount above.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Outname</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*name"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To exceed in naming or describing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exceed in name, fame, or degree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And found out one to <b>outname</b> thy other faults.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outness</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being out or beyond; separateness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The state or quality of being distanguishable from the perceiving mind, by being in space, and possessing marerial quality; externality; objectivity.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>outness</b> of the objects of sense.
<i>Sir W. Hamiltom.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outnoise</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*noise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in noise; to surpass in noisiness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Outnumber</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*num"ber</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in number.</def>

<h1>Out-of-door</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out`-of-door"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being out of the house; being, or done, in the open air; outdoor; <as>as, <ex>out-of-door</ex> exercise</as>. See <cref>Out of door</cref>, under <er>Out</er>, <tt>adv.</tt></def>

<blockquote>Amongst <b>out-of-door</b> delights.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Out-of-the-way</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out`-of-the-way"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See under <er>Out</er>, <tt>adv.</tt></def>

<h1>Outpace</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*pace"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Outpass</er>.]</ety> <def>To outgo; to move faster than; to leave behind.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Outparamour</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*par"a*mour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in the number of mistresses.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outparish</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"par`ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A parish lying without the walls of, or in a remote part of, a town.</def>

<i>Graunt.</i>

<h1>Outpart</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"part`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An outlying part.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Outpass</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*pass"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Outpace</er>.]</ety> <def>To pass beyond; to exceed in progress.</def>

<h1>Outpassion</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*pas"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in passion.</def>

<h1>Out-patient</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"-pa`tient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A patient who is outside a hospital, but receives medical aid from it.</def>

<h1>Outpeer</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*peer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To excel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outplay</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*play"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To excel or defeat in a game; to play better than; <as>as, to be <ex>outplayed</ex> in tennis or ball</as>.</def>

<h1>Outpoise</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*poise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To outweigh.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Outport</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"port`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A harbor or port at some distance from the chief town or seat of trade.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Outpost</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"post`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A post or station without the limits of a camp, or at a distance from the main body of an army, for observation of the enemy.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The troops placed at such a station.</def>

<h1>Outpour</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*pour"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pour out.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Outpour</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"pour`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flowing out; a free discharge.</def>

<h1>Outpower</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*pow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To excel in power; to overpover.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Outpray</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*pray"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed or excel in prayer.</def>

<h1>Outpreach</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*preach"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in preaching.</def>

<blockquote>And for a villain's quick conversion
A pillory can <b>outpreach</b> a parson.
<i>Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outprize</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*prize"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To prize beyong value, or in excess; to exceed in value.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Output</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"put`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The amount of coal or ore put out from one or more mines, or the quantity of material produced by, or turned out from, one or more furnaces or mills, in a given time.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>That which is thrown out as products of the metabolic activity of the body; the egesta other than the f\'91ces. See <er>Income</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The output consists of: (<it>a</it>) The respiratory products of the lungs, skin, and alimentary canal, consisting chiefly of carbonic acid and water with small quantities of hydrogen and carbureted hydrogen. (<it>b</it>) Perspiration, consisting chiefly of water and salts. (<it>c</it>) The urine, which is assumed to contain all the nitrogen truly excreted by the body, besides a large quantity of saline matters and water. <i>Foster</i>.</note>

<h1>Outquench</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*quench"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To quench entirely; to extinguish.</def> "The candlelight <i>outquenched</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Outrage</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*rage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Out</ets> + <ets>rage</ets>.]</ety> <def>To rage in excess of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Outrage</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"rage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>outrage</ets>; OF. <ets>outre</ets>, <ets>oltre</ets>, beyond (F. <ets>outre</ets>, L. <ets>ultra</ets>) + <ets>-age</ets>, as, in <ets>courage</ets>, <ets>voyage</ets>. See <er>Ulterior</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Injurious violence or wanton wrong done to persons or things; a gross violation of right or decency; excessive abuse; wanton mischief; gross injury.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>He wrought great <b>outrages</b>, wasting all the country.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Excess; luxury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Affront; insult; abuse. See <er>Affront</er>.</syn>

<h1>Outrage</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"rage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Outragen</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Outraging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>outrager</ets>. See <er>Outrage</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To commit outrage upon; to subject to outrage; to treat with violence or excessive abuse.</def>

<blockquote>Base and insolent minds <b>outrage</b> men when they have hope of doing it without a return.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This interview <b>outrages</b> all decency.
<i>Broome.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, to violate; to commit an indecent assault upon (a female).</def>

<h1>Outrage</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out"rage</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To be guilty of an outrage; to act outrageously.</def>

<h1>Outrageous</h1>
<Xpage=1019>

<hw>Out*ra"geous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>outrageus</ets>, F. <ets>outrageux</ets>. See <er>Outrage</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Of the nature of an outrage; exceeding the limits of right, reason, or decency; involving or doing an outrage; furious; violent; atrocious.</def> "<i>Outrageous</i> weeping." <i>Chaucer</i>. "The most <i>outrageous</i> villainies." <i>Sir P. Sidney</i>. "The vile, <i>outrageous</i> crimes." <i>Shak.</i> "<i>Outrageous</i> panegyric." <i>Dryden</i>.

<hr>
<page="1020">
Page 1020<p>

<syn>Syn. -- Violent; furious; exorbitant; excessive; atrocious; monstrous; wanton; nefarious; heinous.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Out*ra"geous*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Out*ra"geous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Outrance</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Ou`trance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Outr\'90</er>.]</ety> <def>The utmost or last extremity.</def>

<cs><col>Combat \'85 outrance</col>, <cd>a fight to the end, or to the death.</cd></cs>

<h1>Outrank</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*rank"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in rank; hence, to take precedence of.</def>

<h1>Outray</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*ray"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To outshine.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Outray</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*ray"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To spread out in array.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And now they <b>outray</b> to your fleet.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outraye</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*raye"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Outrage</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This warn I you, that ye not suddenly
Out of yourself for no woe should <b>outraye</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outraze</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*raze"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To obliterate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Outr\'82</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Ou`tr\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. p. of <ets>outrer</ets> to exaggerate, fr. L. <ets>ultra</ets> beyond. See <er>Outrage</er>.]</ety> <def>Being out of the common course or limits; extravagant; bizarre.</def>

<h1>Outreach</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*reach"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reach beyond.</def>

<h1>Outreason</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*rea"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To excel or surpass in reasoning; to reason better than.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Outreckon</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*reck"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in reckoning or computation.</def>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Outrecuidance</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Ou`tre*cui`dance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>outre</ets> beyond + <ets>cuider</ets> to think, L. <ets>cogitare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Excessive presumption.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Outrede</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*rede"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in giving rede, or counsel. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Atrede</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Outreign</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*reign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To go beyond in reigning; to reign through the whole of, or longer than.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Outride</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*ride"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in speed of riding; to ride beyond or faster than.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outride</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"ride`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A riding out; an excursion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place for riding out.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Outrider</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"rid`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A summoner whose office is to cite men before the sheriff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who rides out on horseback.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A servant on horseback attending a carriage.</def>

<h1>Outrigger</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"rig`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any spar or projecting timber run out for temporary use, as from a ship's mast, to hold a rope or a sail extended, or from a building, to support hoisting teckle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A projecting support for a rowlock, extended from the side of a boat.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A boat thus equipped.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A projecting contrivance at the side of a boat to prevent upsetting, as projecting spars with a log at the end.</def>

<h1>Outright</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"right`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Immediately; without delay; at once; <as>as, he was killed <ex>outright</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Completely; utterly.</def>

<i>Cardinal Manning.</i>

<h1>Outring</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*ring"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To excel in volume of ringing sound; to ring louder than.</def>

<h1>Outrival</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*ri"val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in a rivalry.</def>

<h1>Outrive</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*rive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To river; to sever.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Outroad, Outrode</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw><hw>Out"road`</hw>, <hw>Out"rode`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An excursion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Outrodes</i> by the ways of Judea."

<i>Macc. xv. 41 (Geneva Bible).</i>

<h1>Outroar</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*roar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in roaring.</def>

<h1>Outromance</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out`ro*mance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in romantic character.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Outroom</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"room`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An outer room.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Outroot</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*root"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To eradicate; to extirpate.</def>

<h1>Outrun</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*run"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Outran</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Outrun</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Outrunning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To exceed, or leave behind, in running; to run faster than; to outstrip; to go beyond.</def>

<blockquote>Your zeal <b>outruns</b> my wishes.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The other disciple did <b>outrun</b> Peter, and came first to the sepulcher.
<i>Jhon xx. 4.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outrunner</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*run"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An offshoot; a branch.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Some <i>outrunner</i> of the river."

<i>Lauson.</i>

<h1>Outrush</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*rush"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To rush out; to issue, or ru<?/ out, forcibly.</def>

<i>Garth.</i>

<h1>Outsail</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*sail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To excel, or to leave behind, in sailing; to sail faster than.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Outscent</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*scent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in odor.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Outscold</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*scold"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in scolding.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outscorn</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*scorn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To confront, or subdue, with greater scorn.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outscouring</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"scour`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is scoured out o<?/ washed out.</def>

<i>Buckland.</i>

<h1>Outscout</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*scout"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To overpower by disdain; to outface.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Outsee</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*see"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To see beyond; to excel in cer<?/ainty of seeing; to surpass in foresight.</def>

<h1>Outsell</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*sell"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To exceed in amount of sales; to sell more than.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exceed in the price of selling; to fetch more than; to exceed in value.</def>

<i>Fuller. Shak.</i>

<h1>Outsentry</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"sen`try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A sentry who guards the entrance or approach to a place; an outguard.</def>

<h1>Outset</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"set`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A setting out, starting, or beginning.</def> "The <i>outset</i> of a political journey."

<i>Burke.</i>

<blockquote>Giving a proper direction to this <b>outset</b> of life.
<i>J. Hawes.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outsettler</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"set`tler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who settles at a distance, or away, from others.</def>

<h1>Outshine</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*shine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To shine forth.</def> "Bright, <i>outshining</i> beams."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outshine</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*shine"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To excel in splendor.</def>

<blockquote>A throne of royal state, which far
<b>Outshone</b> the wealth of Ormus and of Ind.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outshoot</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*shoot"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed or excel in shooting; to shoot beyond.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Men are resolved never to <b>outshoot</b> their forefathers' mark.
<i>Norris.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outshut</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*shut"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shut out.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Outside</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"side`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The external part of a thing; the part, end, or side which forms the surface; that which appears, or is manifest; that which is superficial; the exterior.</def>

<blockquote>There may be great need of an <b>outside</b> where there is little or nothing within.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Created beings see nothing but our <b>outside</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The part or space which lies without an inclosure; the outer side, as of a door, walk, or boundary.</def>

<blockquote>I threw open the door of my chamber, and found the family standing on the <b>outside</b>.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The furthest limit, as to number, quantity, extent, etc.; the utmost; <as>as, it may last a week at the <ex>outside</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who, or that which, is without; hence, an <i>outside</i> passenger, as distinguished from one who is <i>inside</i>. See <er>Inside</er>, <tt>n.</tt> 3.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Outside</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"side`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the outside; external; exterior; superficial.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reaching the extreme or farthest limit, as to extent, quantity, etc.; <as>as, an <ex>outside</ex> estimate</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>Outside finish</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a term for the minor parts, as corner boards, hanging stiles, etc., required to complete the exterior of a wooden building; -- rare in masonry.</cd></cs>

<h1>Outside</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"side`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>or <i>prep</i>. On or to the outside (of); without; on the exterior; <as>as, to ride <ex>outside</ex> the coach; he stayed <ex>outside</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Outsider</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out`sid"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One not belonging to the concern, institution, party, etc., spoken of; one disconnected in interest or feeling.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<i>A. Trollope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A locksmith's pinchers for grasping the point of a key in the keyhole, to open a door from the outside when the key is inside.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A horse which is not a favorite in the betting.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<h1>Outsing</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*sing"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in singing.</def>

<h1>Outsit</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*sit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To remain sitting, or in session, longer than, or beyond the time of; to outstay.</def>

<h1>Outskirt</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"skirt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A part remote from the center; outer edge; border; -- usually in the plural; <as>as, the <ex>outskirts</ex> of a town</as>.</def>

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>outskirts</b> of his march of mystery.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outsleep</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*sleep"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in sleeping.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outslide</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*slide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To slide outward, onward, or forward; to advance by sliding.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>At last our grating keels <b>outslide</b>.
<i>Whittier.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outsoar</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*soar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To soar beyond or above.</def>

<h1>Outsole</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"sole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The outside sole of a boot or shoe.</def>

<h1>Outsound</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*sound"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in sounding.</def>

<h1>Outspan</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*span"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>uitspannen</ets>.]</ety> <def>To unyoke or disengage, as oxen from a wagon.</def> <mark>[S. Africa]</mark>

<h1>Outsparkle</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*spar"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in sparkling.</def>

<h1>Outspeak</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*speak"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To exceed in speaking.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To speak openly or boldly.</def>

<i>T. Campbell.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To express more than.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outspeed</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*speed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To excel in speed.</def>

<blockquote><b>Outspeed</b> the realized miracles of steam.
<i>Talfourd.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outspend</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"spend`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Outlay; expenditure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A mere <b>outspend</b> of savageness.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outspin</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*spin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To spin out; to finish.</def>

<h1>Outspoken</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*spo"ken</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Speaking, or spoken, freely, openly, or boldly; <as>as, an <ex>outspoken</ex> man; an <ex>outspoken</ex> rebuke.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Out*spo"ken*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Outsport</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*sport"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in sporting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Not to <i>outsport</i> discretion."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outspread</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*spread"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To spread out; to expand; -- usually as a <tt>past part. &or; adj.</tt></def>

<h1>Outspring</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*spring"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To spring out; to issue.</def>

<h1>Outstand</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*stand"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To stand out, or project, from a surface or mass; hence, to remain standing out.</def>

<h1>Outstand</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*stand"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To resist effectually; to withstand; to sustain without yielding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stay beyond.</def> "I have <i>outstood</i> my time."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outstanding</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*stand"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That stands out; undischarged; uncollected; not paid; <as>as, <ex>outstanding</ex> obligations</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Revenues . . . as well <b>outstanding</b> as collected.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outstare</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*stare"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To excel or overcome in staring; to face down.</def>

<blockquote>I would <b>outstare</b> the sternest eyes that look.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outstart</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*start"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To start out or up.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Outstay</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*stay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To stay beyond or longer than.</def>

<blockquote>She concluded to <b>outstay</b> him.
<i>Mad. D' Arblay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outstep</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*step"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in stepping.</def>

<h1>Outstorm</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*storm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in storming.</def>

<blockquote>Insults the tempest and <b>outstorms</b> the skies.
<i>J. Barlow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outstreet</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"street`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A street remote from the center of a town.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Outstretch</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*stretch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To stretch out.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Outstride</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*stride"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in striding.</def>

<h1>Outstrike</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*strike"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To strike out; to strike faster than.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outstrip</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*strip"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Outstripped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Outstripping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To go faster than; to outrun; to advance beyond; to leave behing.</def>

<blockquote>Appetites which . . . had <b>outstripped</b> the hours.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He still <b>outstript</b> me in the race.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outsuffer</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*suf"fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in suffering.</def>

<h1>Outswear</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*swear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in swearing.</def>

<h1>Outsweeten</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*sweet"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in sweetness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outswell</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*swell"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To exceed in swelling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To swell beyond; to overflow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hewyt.</i>

<h1>Outtake</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*take"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Except.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. of Brunne.</i>

<h1>Outtaken</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*tak"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>or <i>prep</i>. Excepted; save.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif. Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Outtalk</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*talk"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To overpower by talking; to exceed in talking; to talk down.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outtell</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*tell"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in telling, counting, or reckoning.</def> "I have <i>outtold</i> the clock."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Outterm</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"term`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An external or superficial thing; outward manner; superficial remark, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Not to bear cold forms, nor men's <b>outterms</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outthrow</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*throw"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw out.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To excel in throwing, as in ball playing.</def>

<h1>Outtoil</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*toil"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in toiling.</def>

<h1>Outtongue</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*tongue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To silence by talk, clamor, or noise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outtop</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*top"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To overtop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Outtravel</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*trav"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in speed o<?/ distance traveled.</def>

<i>Mad. D' Arblay.</i>

<h1>Outtwine</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*twine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To disentangle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Outvalue</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*val"ue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in value.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Outvenom</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*ven"om</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in venom.</def>

<h1>Outvie</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*vie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in vying.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Outvillain</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*vil"lain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in villainy.</def>

<h1>Outvoice</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*voice"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in noise.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outvote</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*vote"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in the number of votes given; to defeat by votes.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Outwalk</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*walk"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To excel in walking; to leave behind in walking.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Outwall</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"wall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The exterior wall; the outside surface, or appearance.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Outward, Outwards</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw><hw>Out"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Out"wards</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets><?/teweard</ets>. See <er>Out</er>, and <er>-ward</er>, <er>-wards</er>.]</ety> <def>From the interior part; in a direction from the interior toward the exterior; out; to the outside; beyond; off; away; <as>as, a ship bound <ex>outward</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The wrong side may be turned <b>outward</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Light falling on them is not reflected <b>outwards</b>.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Outward bound</col>, <cd>bound in an outward direction or to foreign parts; -- said especially of vessels, and opposed to <i>homeward bound<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Outward</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"ward</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Formmg the superficial part; external; exterior; -- opposed to <i>inward</i>; <as>as, an <ex>outward</ex> garment or layer</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Though our <b>outward</b> man perish, yet the inward man is renewed day by day.
<i>Cor. iv. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the outer surface or to what is external; manifest; public.</def> "Sins <i>outward</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>An <b>outward</b> honor for an in ward toil.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Foreign; not civil or intestine; <as>as, an <ex>outward</ex> war</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hayward.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Tending to the exterior or outside.</def>

<blockquote>The fire will force its <b>outward</b> way.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Out"ward*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Out"ward*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Outward stroke</col>. <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Stroke</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Outward</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"ward</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>External form; exterior.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>So fair an <b>outward</b> and such stuff within.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outwards</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"wards</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>See <er>Outward</er>, <tt>adv.</tt></def>

<h1>Outwatch</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*watch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in watching.</def>

<h1>Outway</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A way out; exit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>In divers streets and <b>outways</b> multiplied.
<i>P. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outwear</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*wear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wear out; to consume or destroy by wearing.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To last longer than; to outlast; <as>as, this cloth will <ex>outwear</ex> the other</as>.</def> "If I the night <i>outwear</i>."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Outweary</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*wea"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To weary out.</def>

<i>Cowley.</i>

<h1>Outweed</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*weed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To weed out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Outweep</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*weep"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in weeping.</def>

<h1>Outweigh</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*weigh"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in weight or value.</def>

<h1>Outwell</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*well"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pour out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Outwell</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*well"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To issue forth.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Outwent</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*went"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Outgo</er>.</def>

<h1>Outwhore</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*whore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in lewdness.</def>

<h1>Outwin</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*win"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To win a way out of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Outwind</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*wind"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To extricate by winding; to unloose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser. Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Outwing</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*wing"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass, exceed, or outstrip in flying.</def>

<i>Garth.</i>

<h1>Outwit</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*wit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in wisdom, esp. in cunning; to defeat or overreach by superior craft.</def>

<blockquote>They did so much <b>outwit</b> and outwealth us !
<i>Gauden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Outwit</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"wit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The faculty of acquiring wesdom by observation and experience, or the wisdom so acquired; -- opposed to <i>inwit</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Outwoe</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*woe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in woe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Outwork</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*work"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in working; to work more or faster than.</def>

<h1>Outwork</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A minor defense constructed beyond the main body of a work, as a ravelin, lunette, hornwork, etc.</def>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<h1>Outworth</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*worth"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in worth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Outwrest</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*wrest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To extort; to draw from or forth by violence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Outwrite</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*write"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed or excel in writing.</def>

<h1>Outzany</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Out*za"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in buffoonery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Ouvarovite</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Ou*va"ro*vite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from the Russian Count <ets>Uvaroff</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Chrome garnet.</def>

<h1>Ouze</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Ouze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Ooze</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ouzel</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>Ou"zel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Ousel</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The mellow <b>ouzel</b> fluted in the elm.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ova</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>O"va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Ovum</er>.</def>

<h1>Oval</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>O"val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ovale</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ovum</ets> egg. Cf. <er>Egg</er>, <er>Ovum</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to eggs; done in the egg, or inception; <as>as, <ex>oval</ex> conceptions</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the figure of an egg; oblong and curvilinear, with one end broader than the other, or with both ends of about the same breadth; in popular usage, elliptical.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Broadly elliptical.</def>

<cs><col>Oval chuck</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a lathe chuck so constructed that work attached to it, and cut by the turning tool in the usual manner, becomes of an oval form.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oval</h1>
<Xpage=1020>

<hw>O"val</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A body or figure in the shape of an egg, or popularly, of an ellipse.</def>

<cs><col>Cassinian oval</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the locus of a point the product of whose distances from two fixed points is constant; -- so called from <i>Cassini<i>, who first investigated the curve. Thus, in the diagram, if P moves so that P A.P B is constant, the point P describes a Cassinian oval. The locus may consist of a single closed line, as shown by the dotted line, or of two equal ovals about the points A and B.</cd></cs>

<-- Illustr. of Cassinian Oval -->

<hr>
<page="1021">
Page 1021<p>

<h1>Ovalbumin, Ovalbumen</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw><hw>O`val*bu"min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O`val*bu"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ovum</ets> + <ets>albumin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>The albumin from white of eggs; egg albumin; -- in distinction from <i>serum albumin</i>. See <er>Albumin</er>.</def>

<h1>Ovaliform</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O*val"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oval</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of an egg; having a figure such that any section in the direction of the shorter diameter will be circular, and any in the direction of the longer diameter will be oval.</def>

<h1>Ovally</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"val*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an oval form.</def>

<h1>Ovant</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"vant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ovans</ets> triumphant, p. pr. of <ets>ovare</ets> to exult.]</ety> <def>Exultant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Ovarian, Ovarial</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw><hw>O*va"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O*va"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to an ovary.</def>

<h1>Ovariole</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O*va"ri*ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the tubes of which the ovaries of most insects are composed.</def>

<h1>Ovariotomist</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O*va`ri*ot"o*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who performs, or is skilled in, ovariotomy.</def>

<h1>Ovariotomy</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O*va`ri*ot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ovarium</ets> + Gr. <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The operation of removing one or both of the ovaries; o\'94phorectomy.</def>

<h1>Ovarious</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O*va"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of eggs; <as>as, <ex>ovarious</ex> food</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Ovaritis</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`va*ri"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Ovarium</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the ovaries.</def>

<h1>Ovarium</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O*va"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Ovaria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Ovariums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>An ovary. See <er>Ovary</er>.</def>

<h1>Ovary</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"va*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ovaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. <ets>ovarium</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ovum</ets> egg: cf. F. <ets>ovaire</ets>. See <er>Oval</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>That part of the pistil which contains the seed, and in most flowering plants develops into the fruit. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Flower</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l. & Anat.)</fld> <def>The essential female reproductive organ in which the ova are produced. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Discophora</er>.</def>

<h1>Ovate</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ovatus</ets>, from <ets>ovum</ets> egg. See <er>Oval</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Shaped like an egg, with the lower extremity broadest.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the shape of an egg, or of the longitudinal sectior of an egg, with the broader end basal.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Ovate-acuminate</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"vate-a*cu"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having an ovate form, but narrowed at the end into a slender point.</def>

<h1>Ovate-cylindraceous</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"vate-cyl`in*dra"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a form intermediate between ovate and cylindraceous.</def>

<h1>Ovated</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"va*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ovate.</def>

<h1>Ovate-lanceolate</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"vate-lan"ce*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a form intermediate between ovate and lanceolate.</def>

<h1>Ovate-oblong</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"vate-ob"long</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Oblong. with one end narrower than the other; ovato-oblong.</def>

<h1>Ovate-rotundate</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"vate-ro*tund"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a form intermediate between that of an egg and a sphere; roundly ovate.</def>

<h1>Ovate-subulate</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"vate-su"bu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having an ovate form, but with a subulate tip or extremity.</def>

<h1>Ovation</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ovatio</ets>, fr. <ets>ovare</ets> to exult, rejoice, triumph in an ovation; cf. Gr. <?/ to shout: cf. F. <ets>ovation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A lesser kind of triumph allowed to a commander for an easy, bloodless victory, or a victory over slaves.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: An expression of popular homage; the tribute of the multitude to a public favorite.</def>

<blockquote>To rain an April of <b>ovation</b> round
Their statues.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ovato-acuminate</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O*va"to-a*cu"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ovate-acuminate</er>.</def>

<h1>Ovato-cylindraceous</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O*va"to-cyl`in*dra"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ovate-cylindraceous</er>.</def>

<h1>Ovato-oblong</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O*va"to-ob"long</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ovate-oblong</er>.</def>

<h1>Ovato-rotundate</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O*va"to-ro*tund"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ovate-rotundate</er>.</def>

<h1>Oven</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>Ov"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ofen</ets>; akin to D. <ets>oven</ets>, OHG. <ets>ofan</ets>, <ets>ovan</ets>, G. <ets>ofen</ets>, Icel. <ets>ofn</ets>, Dan. <ets>ovn</ets>, Sw. <ets>ugn</ets>, Goth. <ets>a\'a3hns</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>ukh\'be</ets> pot.]</ety> <def>A place arched over with brick or stonework, and used for baking, heating, or drying; hence, any structure, whether fixed or portable, which may be heated for baking, drying, etc.; esp., now, a chamber in a stove, used for baking or roasting.</def>

<h1>Ovenbird</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>Ov"en*bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any species of the genus <spn>Furnarius</spn>, allied to the creepers. They inhabit South America and the West Indies, and construct curious oven-shaped nests.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In the United States, <spn>Seiurus aurocapillus</spn>; -- called also <altname>golden-crowned thrush</altname>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>In England, sometimes applied to the willow warbler, and to the long-tailed titmouse.</def>

<h1>Over</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ofer</ets>; akin to D. <ets>over</ets>, G. <ets>\'81ber</ets>, OHG. <ets>ubir</ets>, <ets>ubar</ets>, Dan. <ets>over</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'94fver</ets>, Icel. <ets>yfir</ets>, Goth. <ets>ufar</ets>, L. <ets>super</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>upari</ets>. <?/199. Cf. <er>Above</er>, <er>Eaves</er>, <er>Hyper-</er>, <er>Orlop</er>, <er>Super-</er>, <er>Sovereign</er>, <er>Up</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Above, or higher than, in place or position, with the idea of covering; -- opposed to <ant>under</ant>; <as>as, clouds are <ex>over</ex> our heads; the smoke rises <ex>over</ex> the city.</as></def>

<blockquote>The mercy seat that is <b>over</b> the testimony.
<i>Ex. xxx. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Over</b> them gleamed far off the crimson banners of morning.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Across; from side to side of; -- implying a passing or moving, either above the substance or thing, or on the surface of it; <as>as, a dog leaps <ex>over</ex> a stream or a table</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Certain lakes . . . poison birds which fly <b>over</b> them.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Upon the surface of, or the whole surface of; hither and thither upon; throughout the whole extent of; <as>as, to wander <ex>over</ex> the earth; to walk <ex>over</ex> a field, or <ex>over</ex> a city.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Above; -- implying superiority in excellence, dignity, condition, or value; <as>as, the advantages which the Christian world has <ex>over</ex> the heathen</as>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Above in authority or station; -- implying government, direction, care, attention, guard, responsibility, etc.; -- opposed to <ant>under</ant>.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt be <b>over</b> my house.
<i>Gen. xli. 40.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will make thee rules <b>over</b> many things.
<i>Matt. xxv. 23.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Dost thou not watch <b>over</b> my sin ?
<i>Job xiv. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His tender mercies are <b>over</b> all his works.
<i>Ps. cxlv. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Across or during the time of; from beginning to end of; <as>as, to keep anything <ex>over</ex> night; to keep corn <ex>over</ex> winter.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Above the perpendicular height or length of, with an idea of measurement; <as>as, the water, or the depth of water, was <ex>over</ex> his head, <ex>over</ex> his shoes</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Beyond; in excess of; in addition to; more than; <as>as, it cost <ex>over</ex> five dollars</as>.</def> "<i>Over</i> all this."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Above, implying superiority after a contest; in spite of; notwithstanding; <as>as, he triumphed <ex>over</ex> difficulties; the bill was passed <ex>over</ex> the veto.</as></def>

<note>&hand; <i>Over</i>, in poetry, is often contracted into <i>o'er</i>.</note>

<note>&hand; <i>Over his signature</i> (or <i>name</i>) is a substitute for the idiomatic English form, <i>under his signature</i> (<i>name</i>, <i>hand and seal</i>, etc.), the reference in the latter form being to the <i>authority under which</i> the writing is made, executed, or published, and not the <i>place</i> of the autograph, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Over all</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>placed over or upon other bearings, and therefore hinding them in part; -- said of a charge.</cd> -- <col>Over head and ears</col>, <cd>beyond one's depth; completely; wholly; hopelessly; <as>as, <ex>over head and ears</ex> in debt</as>.</cd> <-- = head over heels --><mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Over the left</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Left</er>.</cd> -- <col>To run over</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>to have rotation in such direction that the crank pin traverses the upper, or front, half of its path in the forward, or outward, stroke; -- said of a crank which drives, or is driven by, a reciprocating piece.</cd></cs>

<h1>Over</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>From one side to another; from side to side; across; crosswise; <as>as, a board, or a tree, a foot <ex>over</ex>, <it>i. e.</it>, a foot in diameter</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>From one person or place to another regarded as on the opposite side of a space or barrier; -- used with verbs of motion; <as>as, to sail <ex>over</ex> to England; to hand <ex>over</ex> the money; to go <ex>over</ex> to the enemy.</as></def> "We will pass <i>over</i> to Gibeah." <i>Judges xix. 12</i>. <def>Also, with verbs of being: At, or on, the opposite side; <as>as, the boat is <ex>over</ex></as></def>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>From beginning to end; throughout the course, extent, or expanse of anything; <as>as, to look <ex>over</ex> accounts, or a stock of goods; a dress covered <ex>over</ex> with jewels.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>From inside to outside, above or across the brim.</def>

<blockquote>Good measure, pressed down . . . and running <b>over</b>.
<i>Luke vi. 38.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Beyond a limit; hence, in excessive degree or quantity; superfluously; with repetition; <as>as, to do the whole work <ex>over</ex></as>.</def> "So <i>over</i> violent."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>He that gathered much had nothing <b>over</b>.
<i>Ex. xvi. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>In a manner to bring the under side to or towards the top; <as>as, to turn (one's self) <ex>over</ex>; to roll a stone <ex>over</ex>; to turn <ex>over</ex> the leaves; to tip <ex>over</ex> a cart.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>At an end; beyond the limit of continuance; completed; finished.</def> "Their distress was <i>over</i>." <i>Macaulay</i>. "The feast was <i>over</i>." <i>Sir W. Scott</i>.

<note>&hand; <i>Over</i>, <i>out</i>, <i>off</i>, and similar adverbs, are often used in the predicate with the sense and force of adjectives, agreeing in this respect with the adverbs of place, <i>here</i>, <i>there</i>, <i>everywhere</i>, <i>nowhere</i>; as, the games were <i>over</i>; the play is <i>over</i>; the master was <i>out</i>; his hat is <i>off</i>.</note>

<note>&hand; <i>Over</i> is much used in composition, with the same significations that it has as a separate word; as in <i>over</i>cast, <i>over</i>flow, to cast or flow so as to spread over or cover; <i>over</i>hang, to hang above; <i>over</i>turn, to turn so as to bring the underside towards the top; <i>over</i>act, <i>over</i>reach, to act or reach beyond, implying excess or superiority.</note>

<cs><col>All over</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Over the whole; upon all parts; completely; <as>as, he is spatterd with mud <ex>all over<ex></as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Wholly over; at an end; <as>as, it is <ex>all over<ex> with him</as>.</cd> -- <col>Over again</col>, <cd>once more; with repetition; afresh; anew. <i>Dryden</i>.</cd> -- <col>Over against</col>, <cd>opposite; in front. <i>Addison</i>.</cd> -- <col>Over and above</col>, <cd>in a manner, or degree, beyond what is supposed, defined, or usual; besides; in addition; <as>as, not <ex>over and above<ex> well</as>.</cd> "He . . . gained, <i>over and above<i>, the good will of all people." <i>L' Estrange</i>. -- <col>Over and over</col>, <cd>repeatedly; again and again.</cd> -- <col>To boil over</col>. <cd>See under <er>Boil</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></cd> -- <mcol><col>To come it over</col>, <col>To do over</col>, <col>To give over</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Come</er>, <er>Do</er>, <er>Give</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>To throw over</col>, <cd>to abandon; to betray. Cf. <cref>To throw overboard</cref>, under <er>Overboard</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Over</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Upper; covering; higher; superior; also, excessive; too much or too great; -- chiefly used in composition; <as>as, <ex>over</ex>shoes, <ex>over</ex>coat, <ex>over</ex>-garment, <ex>over</ex>lord, <ex>over</ex>work, <ex>over</ex>haste</as>.</def>

<h1>Over</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>A certain number of balls (usually four) delivered successively from behind ine wicket, after which the ball is bowled from behing the other wicket as many times, the fielders changing places.</def>

<h1>Overabound</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*a*bound"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be exceedingly plenty or superabundant.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Overact</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*act"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To act or perform to excess; to exaggerate in acting; <as>as, he <ex>overacted</ex> his part</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act upon, or influence, unduly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The hope of inheritance <b>overacts</b> them.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overact</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*act"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act more than is necessary; to go to excess in action.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Overaction</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver*ac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Per<?/ormance to excess; exaggerated or excessive action.</def>

<h1>Overaffect</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*af*fect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To affect or care for unduly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Overagitate</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*ag"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To agitate or discuss beyond what is expedient.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Overall</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver*all</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Everywhere.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Overalls</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver*alls</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of loose trousers worn over others to protect them from soiling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Waterproof leggings.</def>

<i>R. D. Blackmore.</i>

<h1>Overanxiety</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver*anx*i"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being overanxious; excessive anxiety.</def>

<h1>Overanxious</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver*anx"ious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Anxious in an excessive or needless degree.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O"ver*anx"ious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overarch</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*arch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To make or place an arch over; to hang over like an arch.</def> "Brown with <i>o'erarching</i> shades."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Over-arm</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver-arm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Cricket, etc.)</fld> <def>Done (as bowling or pitching) with the arm raised above the shoulder. See <er>Overhard</er>.</def> "An <i>over-arm</i> with a round-arm bowler."

<i>R. A. Proctor.</i>

<h1>Overawe</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*awe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overawed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overawing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To awe exceedingly; to subjugate or restrain by awe or great fear.</def>

<blockquote>The king was present in person to overlook the magistrates, and <b>overawe</b> these subjects with the terror of his sword.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overawful</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver*aw"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Awful, or reverential, in an excessive degree.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Overbalance</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*bal"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To exceed equality with; to outweigh.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to lose balance or equilibrium.</def>

<h1>Overbalance</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver*bal`ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excess of weight or value; something more than an equivalent; <as>as, an <ex>overbalance</ex> of exports</as>.</def>

<i>J. Edwards.</i>

<h1>Overbarren</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver*bar"ren</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excessively barren.</def>

<h1>Overbattle</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver*bat"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Over</ets> + <ets>battle</ets>, a.]</ety> <def>Excessively fertile; bearing rank or noxious growths.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Overbattle</i> grounds."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Overbear</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*bear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bear down or carry down, as by excess of weight, power, force, etc.; to overcome; to suppress.</def>

<blockquote>The point of reputation, when the news first came of the battle lost, did <b>overbear</b> the reason of war.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Overborne</b> with weight the Cyprians fell.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They are not so ready to <b>overbear</b> the adversary who goes out of his own country to meet them.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. )</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To domineer over; to overcome by insolence.</def>

<h1>Overbear</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*bear"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To bear fruit or offspring to excess; to be too prolific.</def>

<h1>Overbearing</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*bear"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Overpowering; subduing; repressing.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Aggressively haughty; arrogant; domineering; tyrannical; dictatorial; insolent.</def>

--<wordforms><wf>O`ver*bear"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>O`ver*bear"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overbend</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*bend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bend to excess.</def>

<h1>Overbend</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*bend"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To bend over.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Overbid</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*bid"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bid or offer beyond, or in excess of.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Overbide</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*bide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To outlive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Overblow</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*blow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To blow over, or be subdued.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To force so much wind into a pipe that it produces an overtone, or a note higher than the natural note; thus, the upper octaves of a flute are produced by <i>overblowing</i>.</def>

<h1>Overblow</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*blow"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To blow away; to dissipate by wind, or as by wind.</def>

<blockquote>When this cloud of sorrow's <b>overblown</b>.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overboard</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver*board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Over the side of a ship; hence, from on board of a ship, into the water; <as>as, to fall <ex>overboard</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>To throw overboard</col>, <cd>to discard; to abandon, as a dependent or friend.</cd></cs>

<h1>Overboil</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*boil"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To boil over or unduly.</def>

<blockquote>Nor is discontent to keep the mind
Deep in its fountain, lest it <b>overboil</b>
In the hot throng.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overbold</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*bold"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excessively or presumptuously bold; impudent.</def> <i>Shak.</i> -- <wordforms><wf>O"ver*bold"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overbookish</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver*book"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excessively bookish.</def>

<h1>Overbounteous</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver*boun"te*ous</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bounteous to excess.</def>

<h1>Overbow</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*bow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bend or bow over; to bend in a contrary direction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Overbreed</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*breed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To breed to excess.</def>

<h1>Overbrim</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*brim"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To flow over the brim; to be so full as to overflow.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Overbrow</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*brow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To hang over like a brow; to impend over.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<blockquote>Did with a huge projection <b>overbrow</b>
Large space beneath.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overbuild</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*build"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To build over.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To build too much; to build beyond the demand.</def>

<h1>Overbuilt</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*built"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having too many buildings; <as>as, an <ex>overbuilt</ex> part of a town</as>.</def>

<h1>Overbulk</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*bulk"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To oppress by bulk; to overtower.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overburden</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*bur"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To load with too great weight or too much care, etc.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Overburden</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver*bur`den</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The waste which overlies good stone in a quarry.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Overburdensome</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver*bur"den*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too burdensome.</def>

<h1>Overburn</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*burn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To burn too much; to be overzealous.</def>

<h1>Over-busy</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver-bus"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too busy; officious.</def>

<h1>Overbuy</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*buy"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To buy too much.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To buy at too dear a rate.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Overcanopy</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*can"o*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover as with a canopy.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overcapable</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O`ver*ca"pa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too capable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Overcapable</b> of such pleasing errors.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overcare</h1>
<Xpage=1021>

<hw>O"ver*care"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excessive care.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<hr>
<page="1022">
Page 1022<p>

<h1>Overcareful</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*care"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too careful.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overcarking</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*cark"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too anxious; too full of care.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Overcarry</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*car"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To carry too far; to carry beyond the proper point.</def>

<i>Hayward.</i>

<h1>Overcast</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*cast"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cast or cover over; hence, to cloud; to darken.</def>

<blockquote>Those clouds that <b>overcast</b> your morn shall fly.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To compute or rate too high.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Sewing)</fld> <def>To take long, loose stitches over (the raw edges of a seam) to prevent raveling.</def>

<h1>Overcatch</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*catch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To overtake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Overcautious</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*cau"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too cautious; cautious or prudent to excess.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O"ver*cau"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>O"ver*cau"tiou*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overchange</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*change`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Too much or too frequent change; fickleness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Overcharge</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*charge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Supercharge</er>, <er>Surcharge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To charge or load too heavily; to burden; to oppress; to cloy.</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fill too full; to crowd.</def>

<blockquote>Our language is <b>overcharged</b> with consonants.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To charge excessively; to charge beyond a fair rate or price.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To exaggerate; <as>as, to <ex>overcharge</ex> a description</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Overcharged mine</col>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Globe of compression</cref>, under <er>Globe</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Overcharge</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*charge"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make excessive charges.</def>

<h1>Overcharge</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*charge`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Supercargo</er>, <er>Supercharge</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An excessive load or burden.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An excessive charge in an account.</def>

<h1>Overclimb</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*climb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To climb over.</def>

<i>Surrey.</i>

<h1>Overcloud</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*cloud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover or overspread with clouds; to becloud; to overcast.</def>

<h1>Overcloy</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*cloy"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fill beyond satiety.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overcoat</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*coat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Surcoat</er>.]</ety> <def>A coat worn over the other clothing; a greatcoat; a topcoat.</def>

<h1>Overcold</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*cold"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cold to excess.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Overcolor</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*col"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To color too highly.</def>

<h1>Overcome</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*come"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Overcame</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Overcome</er>; <tt>p. pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overcoming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>ofercuman</ets>. See <er>Over</er>, <er>Come</er>, and cf. <er>Supervene</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To get the better of; to surmount; to conquer; to subdue; <as>as, to <ex>overcome</ex> enemies in battle</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This wretched woman <b>overcome</b>
Of anguish, rather than of crime, hath been.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To overflow; to surcharge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Philips.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To come or pass over; to spreads over.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And <b>overcome</b> us like a summer's cloud.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To conquer; subdue; vanquish; overpower; overthrow; overturn; defeat; crush; overbear; overwhelm; prostrate; beat; surmount. See <er>Conquer</er>.</syn>

<h1>Overcome</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*come"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To gain the superiority; to be victorious.</def>

<i>Rev. iii. 21.</i>

<h1>Overcomer</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*com"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who overcomes.</def>

<h1>Overcoming</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*com"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Conquering; subduing.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O`ver*com"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overconfidence</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*con"fi*dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excessive confidence; too great reliance or trust.</def>

<h1>Overconfident</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*con"fi*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Confident to excess.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O"ver*con"fi*dent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overcostly</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*cost"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too costly.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Overcount</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*count"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To rate too high; to outnumber.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overcover</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*cov"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover up.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overcredulous</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*cred"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too credulous.</def>

<h1>Overcrow</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*crow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To crow, exult, or boast, over; to overpower.</def>

<i>Spenser. Shak.</i>

<h1>Overcrowd</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*crowd"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To crowd too much.</def>

<h1>Overcunning</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*cun"ning</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Exceedingly or excessively cunning.</def>

<h1>Overcurious</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*cu"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too curious.</def>

<h1>Overdare</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*dare"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To dare too much or rashly; to be too daring.</def>

<h1>Overdate</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*date"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To date later than the true or proper period.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Overdeal</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*deal`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The excess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>overdeal</b> in the price will be double.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overdelicate</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*del"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too delicate.</def>

<h1>Overdelighted</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*de*light"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Delighted beyond measure.</def>

<h1>Overdight</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*dight"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered over.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Overdo</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*do"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Overdid</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Overdone</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overdoing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To do too much; to exceed what is proper or true in doing; to exaggerate; to carry too far.</def>

<blockquote>Anything so <b>overdone</b> is from the purpose of playing.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To overtask. or overtax; to fatigue; to exhaust; <as>as, to <ex>overdo</ex> one's strength</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To surpass; to excel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cook too much; <as>as, to <ex>overdo</ex> the meat</as>.</def>

<h1>Overdo</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*do"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To labor too hard; to do too much.</def>

<h1>Overdoer</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*do"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who overdoes.</def>

<h1>Overdose</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*dose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dose to excess; to give an overdose, or too many doses, to.</def>

<h1>Overdose</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*dose`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Too great a dose; an excessive dose.</def>

<h1>Overdraw</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*draw"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Overdrew</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Overdrawn</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overdrawing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To exaggerate; to overdo.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Banking)</fld> <def>To make drafts upon or against, in excess of the proper amount or limit.</def>

<h1>Overdress</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*dress"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dress or adorn to excess; to dress too much.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Overdrink</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*drink"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To drink to excess.</def>

<h1>Overdtive</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*dtive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To drive too hard, or far, or beyond strength.</def>

<h1>Overdrown</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*drown"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To wet or drench to excess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Browne.</i>

<h1>Overdry</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*dry"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dry too much.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Overdue</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*due"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Due and more than due; delayed beyond the proper time of arrival or payment, etc.; <as>as, an <ex>overdue</ex> vessel; an <ex>overdue</ex> note.</as></def>

<h1>Overdye</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*dye"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dye with excess of color; to put one color over (another).</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overeager</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*ea"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too eager; too impatient.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O`ver*ea"ger*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>O"ver*ea"ger*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overearnest</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*ear"nest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too earnest.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O"ver*ear"nest*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>O"ver*ear"nest*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overeat</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*eat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To gnaw all over, or on all sides.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To eat to excess; -- often with a reflexive.</def>

<h1>Overelegant</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*el"e*gant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too elegant.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Overempty</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*emp"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make too empty; to exhaust.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Overest</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*est</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Superl.</tt> of <er>Over</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Uppermost; outermost.</def>

<blockquote>Full threadbare was his <b>overeste</b> courtepy.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>
<-- sic -->

<h1>Overestimate</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*es"ti*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To estimate too highly; to overvalue.</def>

<h1>Overestimate</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*es"ti*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An estimate that is too high; <as>as, an <ex>overestimate</ex> of the vote</as>.</def>

<h1>Overexcite</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*ex*cite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To excite too much.</def>

<h1>Overexcitement</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*ex*cite"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excess of excitement; the state of being overexcited.</def>

<h1>Overexert</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*ex*ert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exert too much.</def>

<h1>Overexertion</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*ex*er"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excessive exertion.</def>

<h1>Overexquisite</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*ex"qui*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too exquisite; too exact or nice; too careful.</def>

<h1>Overeye</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*eye"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To superintend; to oversee; to inspect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To see; to observe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overfall</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*fall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cataract; a waterfall.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A turbulent surface of water, caused by strong currents setting over submerged ridges; also, a dangerous submerged ridge or shoal.</def>

<h1>Overfatigue</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*fa*tigue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excessive fatigue.</def>

<h1>Overfatigue</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*fa*tigue"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fatigue to excess; to tire out.</def>

<h1>Overfeed</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*feed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overfed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overfeeding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To feed to excess; to surfeit.</def>

<h1>Overfierce</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*fierce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excessively fierce.</def>

<h1>overfill</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>o`ver*fill"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fill to excess; to surcharge.</def>

<h1>Overfish</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*fish"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fish to excess.</def>

<h1>Overfloat</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*float"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To overflow.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Overflourish</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*flour"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make excessive display or flourish of.</def>

<i>Collier.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To embellish with outward ornaments or flourishes; to varnish over.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overflow</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*flow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overflowed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overflowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>oferfl<?/wan</ets>. See <er>Over</er>, and <er>Flow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To flow over; to cover woth, or as with, water or other fluid; to spread over; to inundate; to overwhelm.</def>

<blockquote>The northern nations <b>overflowed</b> all Christendom.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To flow over the brim of; to fill more than full.</def>

<h1>Overflow</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*flow"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To run over the bounds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be superabundant; to abound.</def>

<i>Rogers.</i>

<h1>Overflow</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*flow`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A flowing over, as of water or other fluid; an inundation.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which flows over; a superfluous portion; a superabundance.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An outlet for the escape of surplus liquid.</def>

<cs><col>Overflow meeting</col>, <cd>a meeting constituted of the surplus or overflow of another audience.</cd></cs>

<h1>Overflowing</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*flow"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An overflow; that which overflows; exuberance; copiousness.</def>

<blockquote>He was ready to bestow the <b>overflowings</b> of his full mind on anybody who would start a subject.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overflowingly</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*flow"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In great abundance; exuberantly.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Overflush</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*flush"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To flush to excess.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Overflutter</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*flut"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To flutter over.</def>

<h1>Overflux</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*flux`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Overflow; exuberance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Overfly</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*fly"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Overflew</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Overflown</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overflying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cross or pass over by flight.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Overfond</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*fond"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, <?/ Fond to excess.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>O"ver*fond"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>O"ver*fond"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overforce</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*force`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excessive force; violence.</def>

<h1>Overforward</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*for"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Forward to excess; too forward.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O"ver*for"ward*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overfree</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*free"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free to excess; too liberal; too familiar.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O"ver*free"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overfreight</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*freight"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overfreighted</er> (<er>Overfraught</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark>); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overfreighting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put too much freight in or upon; to load too full, or too heavily; to overload.</def>

<h1>Overfrequent</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*fre"quent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too frequent.</def>

<h1>Overfrieze</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*frieze"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with a frieze, or as with a frieze.</def>

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<h1>Overfront</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*front"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To confront; to oppose; to withstand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Overfruitful</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*fruit"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too fruitful.</def>

<h1>Overfull</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*full"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>oferfull</ets>.]</ety> <def>Too full; filled to overflowing; excessively full; surfeited.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overfullness</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*full"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being excessively or abnormally full, so as to cause overflow, distention, or congestion; excess of fullness; surfeit.</def>

<h1>Over-garment</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver-gar`ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An outer garment.</def>

<h1>Overgarrison</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*gar"ri*son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To garrison to excess.</def>

<h1>Overgaze</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*gaze"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To gaze; to overlook.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark> "Earth's <i>o'ergazing</i> mountains."

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Overget</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*get"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reach; to overtake; to pass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To get beyond; to get over or recover from.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Overgild</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*gild"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ofergyldan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To gild over; to varnish.</def>

<h1>Overgird</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*gird"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To gird too closely.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Overgive</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*give"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give over; to surrender; to yield.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Overglad</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*glad"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excessively or unduly glad.</def>

<h1>Overglance</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*glance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To glance over.</def>

<h1>Overglide</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*glide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To glide over.</def>

<i>Wyatt.</i>

<h1>Overgloom</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*gloom"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To spread gloom over; to make gloomy; to overshadow.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Overgloomed</b> by memories of sorrow.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overgo</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*go"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Overwent</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Overgone</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overgoing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>oferg\'ben</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To travel over.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exceed; to surpass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cover.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To oppress; to weigh down.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overgorge</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*gorge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To gorge to excess.</def>

<h1>Overgrace</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*grace"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To grace or honor exceedingly or beyond desert.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Overgrassed</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*grassed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Overstocked, or overgrown, or covered, with grass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Overgreat</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*great"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too great.</def>

<h1>Overgreatness</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*great"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excessive greatness.</def>

<h1>Overgreedy</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*greed"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excessively greedy.</def>

<h1>Overgross</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*gross"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too gross.</def>

<h1>Overground</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*ground"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Situated over or above ground; <as>as, the <ex>overground</ex> portion of a plant</as>.</def>

<h1>Overgrow</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*grow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Overgrew</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Overgrown</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overgrowing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To grow over; to cover with growth or herbage, esp. that which is rank.</def>

<blockquote>The green . . . is rough and <b>overgrown</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grow beyond; to rise above; hence, to overcome; to oppress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Mortimer</i>. "<i>O'ergrown</i> with labor."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<mark>[Usually in the past participle.]</mark>

<h1>Overgrow</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*grow"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow beyond the fit or natural size; <as>as, a huge, <ex>overgrown</ex> ox</as>.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Overgrowth</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*growth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excessive growth.</def>

<h1>Overhall</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*hall"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Overhaul</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Overhale</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*hale"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Overhaul</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Overhand</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*hand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The upper hand; advantage; superiority; mastery.</def>

<blockquote>He had gotten thereby a great <b>overhand</b> on me.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overhand</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*hand`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Sewing)</fld> <def>Over and over; -- applied to a style of sewing, or to a seam, in which two edges, usually selvedges, are sewed together by passing each stitch over both.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Baseball, Cricket, etc.)</fld> <def>Done (as pitching or bowling) with the hand higher than the elbow, or the arm above, or higher than, the shoulder.</def>

<cs><col>Overhand knot</col>. <cd>See <i>Illustration<i> of <er>Knot</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Overhand</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*hand`</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an overhand manner or style.</def>

<h1>Overhandle</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*han"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To handle, or use, too much; to mention too often.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overhang</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*hang"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overhung</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overhanging</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To impend or hang over.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hang over; to jut or project over.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Overhang</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*hang"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To jut over.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Overhang</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*hang`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a general sense, that which just out or projects; a projection; also, the measure of the projection; <as>as, the <ex>overhang</ex> is five feet</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: The projection of an upper part (as a roof, an upper story, or other part) of a building beyond the lower part; <as>as, the <ex>overhang</ex> of a roof, of the eaves, etc</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The portion of the bow or stem of a vessel that projects over the water beyond the water line.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The projection of a part beyond another part that is directly below it, or beyond a part by which it is supported; <as>as, the <ex>overhang</ex> of a shaft; <it>i. e.</it>, its projection beyond its bearing.</as></def>

<h1>Overhappy</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*hap"py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Exceedingly happy.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overharden</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*hard"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To harden too much; to make too hard.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Overhardy</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*har"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too hardy; overbold.</def>

<h1>Overhaste</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*haste`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Too great haste.</def>

<h1>Overhasty</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*has"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too hasty; precipitate; rash.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O"ver*has"ti*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>O`ver*has"ti*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overhaul</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*haul"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overhauled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; p. pr. & vb. n. <er>Overhauling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To haul or drag over; hence, to turn over for examination; to inspect; to examine thoroughly with a view to corrections or repairs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To gain upon in a chase; to overtake.</def>

<cs><col>To overhaul a tackle</col>, <cd>to pull on the leading parts so as to separate the blocks.</cd> -- <col>To overhaul running rigging</col>, <cd>to keep it clear, and see that no hitch occurs.</cd></cs>

<h1>Overhaul, Overhauling</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw><hw>O"ver*haul`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O`ver*haul"ing</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A strict examination with a view to correction or repairs.</def>

<h1>Overhead</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*head"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Aloft; above; in or attached to the ceiling or roof; in the story or upon the floor above; in the zenith.</def>

<blockquote>While <b>overhead</b> the moon
Sits arbitress.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>Also used adjectively; as, an <i>overhead</i> crane, gear, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Overhead engine</col>, <cd>a vertical steam engine in which the cylinder stands above the crank.</cd> -- <col>Overhead work</col>, <cd>a general term in manufactories for countershafting and gearing, when overhead.</cd></cs>

<h1>Overhear</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*hear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overheard</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overhearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>oferhi\'82ran</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To hear more of (anything) than was intended to be heard; to hear by accident or artifice.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hear again.</def>

<i>ShaK.</i>

<h1>Overheat</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*heat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Superheat</er>.]</ety> <def>To heat to excess; to superheat.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Overheavy</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*heav`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excessively heavy.</def>

<h1>Overhele</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*hele"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>oferhelian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To hele or cover over.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Overhent</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*hent"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Hent</er>.]</ety> <def>To overtake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So forth he went and soon them <b>overhent</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overhigh</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*high"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>oferhe\'a0h</ets>.]</ety> <def>Too high.</def>

<h1>Overhighly</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O"ver*high"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Too highly; too greatly.</def>

<h1>Overhip</h1>
<Xpage=1022>

<hw>O`ver*hip"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overhipped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overhipping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Over</ets> + a word akin to E. <ets>hop</ets> to skip.]</ety> <def>To pass over by, or as by a hop; to skip over; hence, to overpass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "When the time is <i>overhipt</i>."

<i>Holland.</i>

<hr>
<page="1023">
Page 1023<p>

<h1>Overhold</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*hold"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To hold or value too highly; to estimate at too dear a rate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overhung</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*hung"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Covered over; ornamented with hangings.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suspended from above or from the top.</def>

<cs><col>Overhung door</col>, <cd>a sliding door, suspended door, suspended from the top, as upon rollers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Overinfluence</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*in"flu*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To influence in an excessive degree; to have undue influence over.</def>

<h1>Overinform</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*in*form"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inform, fill, or animate, excessively.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Overissue</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*is"sue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An excessive issue; an issue, as of notes or bonds, exceeding the limit of capital, credit, or authority.</def>

<blockquote>An <b>overissue</b> of government paper.
<i>Brougham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overissue</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*is"sue</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To issue in excess.</def>

<h1>Overjealous</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*jeal"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Over</ets> + <ets>jealous.</ets>  Cf. <er>Overzealous</er>.]</ety> <def>Excessively jealous; too jealous.</def>

<h1>Overjoy</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*joy"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make excessively joyful; to gratify extremely.</def>

<h1>Overjoy</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*joy`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excessive joy; transport.</def>

<h1>Overjump</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*jump"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To jump over; hence, to omit; to ignore.</def>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Overking</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*king`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A king who has sovereignty over inferior kings or ruling princes.</def>

<i>J. R. Green.</i>

<h1>Overknowing</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*know"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too knowing or too cunning.</def>

<h1>Overlabor</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*la"bor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overlabored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overlaboring</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to labor excessively; to overwork.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To labor upon excessively; to refine unduly.</def>

<h1>Overlade</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*lade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Overladed</er>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Overladen</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overlading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Overload</er>.]</ety> <def>To load with too great a cargo; to overburden; to overload.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Overland</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*land`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being, or accomplished, over the land, instead of by sea; <as>as, an <ex>overland</ex> journey</as>.</def>

<h1>Overland</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*land`</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By, upon, or across, land.</def>

<h1>Overlander</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*land`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who travels over lands or countries; one who travels overland.</def>

<h1>Overlanguaged</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*lan"guaged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Employing too many words; diffuse.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Overlap</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*lap"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To lap over; to lap.</def>

<h1>Overlap</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*lap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The lapping of one thing over another; <as>as, an <ex>overlap</ex> of six inches; an <ex>overlap</ex> of a slate on a roof.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An extension of geological beds above and beyond others, as in a conformable series of beds, when the upper beds extend over a wider space than the lower, either in one or in all directions.</def>

<h1>Overlarge</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*large"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too large; too great.</def>

<h1>Overlargeness</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*large"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excess of size or bulk.</def>

<h1>Overlash</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*lash"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E. <ets>lash</ets> extravagant, <ets>lashing</ets> lavish.]</ety> <def>To drive on rashly; to go to excess; hence, to exaggerate; to boast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Overlashing</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*lash"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excess; exaggeration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Overlate</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*late"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too late; exceedingly late.</def>

<h1>Overlave</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*lave"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lave or bathe over.</def>

<h1>Overlavish</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*lav"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lavish to excess.</def>

<h1>Overlay</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*lay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overlaid</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overlaying</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay, or spread, something over or across; hence, to cover; to overwhelm; to press excessively upon.</def>

<blockquote>When any country is <b>overlaid</b> by the multitude which live upon it.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As when a cloud his beams doth <b>overlay</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Framed of cedar <b>overlaid</b> with gold.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And <b>overlay</b>
With this portentous bridge the dark abyss.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To smother with a close covering, or by lying upon.</def>

<blockquote>This woman's child died in the night; because she <b>overlaid</b> it.
<i>1 Kings iii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A heap of ashes that <b>o'erlays</b> your fire.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <def>To put an overlay on.</def>

<h1>Overlay</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*lay`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A covering.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <def>A piece of paper pasted upon the tympan sheet to improve the impression by making it stronger at a particular place.</def>

<h1>Overlayer</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*lay"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who overlays; that with which anything is overlaid.</def>

<h1>Overlaying</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*lay"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A superficial covering; a coating.</def>

<h1>Overlead</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*lead"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To domineer over; to affront; to treat with indignity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Overleap</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*leap"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>oferhle\'a0pan</ets>. See <er>Over</er>, and <er>Leap</er>.]</ety> <def>To leap over or across; hence, to omit; to ignore.</def> "Let me <i>o'erleap</i> that custom."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overlearned</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*learn"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too learned.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O"ver*learn"ed</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>O"ver*learn"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overleather</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*leath`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Upper leather.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overleaven</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*leav"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To leaven too much; hence, to change excessively; to spoil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Overliberal</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*lib"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too liberal.</def>

<h1>Overliberally</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*lib"er*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an overliberal manner.</def>

<h1>Overlick</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*lick"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lick over.</def>

<h1>Overlie</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*lie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Overlay</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Overlain</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overlying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To lie over or upon; specifically, to suffocate by lying upon; <as>as, to <ex>overlie</ex> an infant</as>.</def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<blockquote>A woman by negligence <b>overlieth</b> her child in her sleeping.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overlight</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*light`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Too strong a light.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Overlight</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*light"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too light or frivolous; giddy.</def>

<h1>Overliness</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being overly; carelessness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Overlinger</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*lin"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to linger; to detain too long.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Overlip</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*lip`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>oferlibban</ets>.]</ety> <def>The upper lip.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Overlive</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*live"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To outlive.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<blockquote>The culture of Northumbria <b>overlived</b> the term of its political supermacy.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overlive</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*live"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To live too long, too luxuriously, or too actively.</def> <i>Milton</i>. "<i>Overlived</i> in this close London life."

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Overliver</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*liv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A survivor.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Overload</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*load"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overloaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overloading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Overlade</er>.]</ety> <def>To load or fill to excess; to load too heavily.</def>

<h1>Overload</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*load`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An excessive load; the excess beyond a proper load.</def>

<h1>Overlogical</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excessively logical; adhering too closely to the forms or rules of logic.</def>

<h1>Overlong</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*long"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Too long.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overlook</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*look"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overlooked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overlooking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To look down upon from a place that is over or above; to look over or view from a higher position; to rise above, so as to command a view of; <as>as, to <ex>overlook</ex> a valley from a hill</as>.</def> "The pile <i>o'erlooked</i> the town."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>[Titan] with burning eye did hotly <b>overlook</b> them.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: To supervise; to watch over; sometimes, to observe secretly; <as>as, to <ex>overlook</ex> a gang of laborers; to <ex>overlook</ex> one who is writing a letter.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To inspect; to examine; to look over carefully or repeatedly.</def> "<i>Overlook</i> this pedigree."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The time and care that are required
To <b>overlook</b> and file and polish well.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To look upon with an evil eye; to bewitch by looking upon; to fascinate.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>If you trouble me I will <b>overlook</b> you, and then your pigs will die.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To look over and beyond (anything) without seeing it; to miss or omit in looking; hence, to refrain from bestowing notice or attention upon; to neglect; to pass over without censure or punishment; to excuse.</def>

<blockquote>The times of ignorance therefore God <b>overlooked</b>.
<i>Acts xvii. 30 (Rev. Ver. )</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>overlook</b> truth in the judgments they pass.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The pardoning and <b>overlooking</b> of faults.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overlooker</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*look"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who overlooks.</def>

<h1>Overloop</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*loop`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Orlop</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Overlord</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*lord`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is lord over another or others; a superior lord; a master.</def>

<i>Freeman.</i>

<h1>Overlordship</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*lord"ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Lordship or supremacy of a person or a people over others.</def>

<i>J. R. Green.</i>

<h1>Overloud</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*loud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too loud; noisy.</def>

<h1>Overlove</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*love"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To love to excess.</def>

<h1>Overluscious</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*lus"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excessively luscious.</def>

<h1>Overlusty</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*lust"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too lusty, or lively.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overly</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Careless; negligent; inattentive; superfical; not thorough.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Excessive; too much.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Overly</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an overly manner.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Overlying</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*ly"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Lying over or upon something; <as>as, <ex>overlying</ex> rocks</as>.</def>

<h1>Overmagnify</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*mag"ni*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To magnify too much.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Overmalapert</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*mal"a*pert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excessively malapert or impudent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Prynne.</i>

<h1>Overmanner</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*man`ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an excessive manner; excessively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wiclif.</i>

<h1>Overmarch</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*march"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To march too far, or too much; to exhaust by marching.</def>

<i>Baker.</i>

<h1>Overmast</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*mast"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To furnish (a vessel) with too long or too heavy a mast or masts.</def>

<h1>Overmaster</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*mas"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To overpower; to subdue; to vanquish; to govern.</def>

<h1>Overmatch</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*match"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be more than equal to or a match for; hence, to vanquish.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To marry (one) to a superior.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Overmatch</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*match`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One superior in power; also, an unequal match; a contest in which one of the opponents is overmatched.</def>

<i>Milton. D. Webster.</i>

<h1>Overmeasure</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*meas"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To measure or estimate too largely.</def>

<h1>Overmeasure</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*meas`ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excessive measure; the excess beyond true or proper measure; surplus.</def>

<h1>Overmeddle</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*med"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To meddle unduly.</def>

<h1>Overmeddling</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*med"dling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excessive interference.</def> "Justly shent for their <i>overmeddling</i>."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Overmellow</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*mel"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too mellow; overripe.</def>

<h1>Overmerit</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*mer"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excessive merit.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Overmickle</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*mic"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Overmuch.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Overmix</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*mix"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mix with too much.</def>

<h1>Overmodest</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*mod"est</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Modest to excess; bashful.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O"ver*mod"est*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overmoist</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*moist"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excessively moist.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Overmoisture</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*mois"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excess of moisture.</def>

<h1>Overmore</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*more"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Beyond; moreover.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Overmorrow</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*mor"row</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The day after or following to-morrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bible (1551).</i>

<h1>Overmost</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Over the rest in authority; above all others; highest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fabyan.</i>

<h1>Overmount</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*mount"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Surmount</er>.]</ety> <def>To mount over; to go higher than; to rise above.</def>

<h1>Overmuch</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*much"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too much.</def> -- <def2><tt>adv.</tt> <def>In too great a degree; too much.</def></def2> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An excess; a surplus.</def></def2>

<h1>Overmuchness</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*much"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being in excess; superabundance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Overmultiply</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*mul"ti*ply</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To multiply or increase too much; to repeat too often.</def>

<h1>Overmultitude</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*mul"ti*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To outnumber.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Overname</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*name"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To name over or in a series; to recount.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overneat</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*neat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excessively neat.</def>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<h1>Overnice</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*nice"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excessively nice; fastidious.</def> <i>Bp. Hall</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>O"ver*nice"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>O"ver*nice"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overnight</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*night`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The fore part of the night last past; the previous evening.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overnight</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*night"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the fore part of the night last past; in the evening before; also, during the night; <as>as, the candle will not last <ex>overnight</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>I had been telling her all that happened <b>overnight</b>.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overnoise</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*noise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To overpower by noise.</def>

<h1>Overnumerous</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*nu"mer*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excessively numerous; too many.</def>

<h1>Overoffice</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*of"fice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To domineer over by virtue of office.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overofficious</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*of*fi"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too busy; too ready to intermeddle; too officious.</def>

<i>Collier.</i>

<h1>Overpaint</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*paint"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To color or describe too strongly.</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Overpamper</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*pam"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pamper excessively; to feed or dress too much.</def>

<i>Dryton.</i>

<h1>Overpart</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*part"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give too important or difficult a part to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Overpass</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*pass"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overpassed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overpassing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Surpass</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To go over or beyond; to cross; <as>as, to <ex>overpass</ex> a river; to <ex>overpass</ex> limits.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pass over; to omit; to overlook; to disregard.</def>

<blockquote>All the beauties of the East
He slightly viewed and slightly <b>overpassed</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To surpass; to excel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>R. Browning.</i>

<h1>Overpass</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*pass"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To pass over, away, or off.</def>

<h1>Overpassionate</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*pas"sion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Passionate to excess.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O"ver*pas"sion*ate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overpatient</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*pa"tient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Patient to excess.</def>

<h1>Overpay</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*pay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overpaid</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overpaying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To pay too much to; to reward too highly.</def>

<h1>Overpeer</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*peer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To peer over; to rise above.</def>

<h1>Overpeople</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*peo"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To people too densely.</def>

<h1>Overperch</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*perch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To perch upon; to fly over.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overpersuade</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*per*suade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To persuade or influence against one's inclination or judgment.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Overpester</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*pes"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pester exceedingly or excessively.</def>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Overpicture</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*pic"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass nature in the picture or representation of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>O'erpicturing</i> that Venus."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overplease</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*please"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To please excessively.</def>

<h1>Overplus</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*plus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Over</ets> + L. <ets>plus</ets> more. See <er>Plus</er>, and cf. <er>Surplus</er>.]</ety> <def>That which remains after a supply, or beyond a quantity proposed; surplus.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

"The <i>overplus</i> of a great fortune." <i>Addison</i>.

<h1>Overply</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*ply"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To ply to excess; to exert with too much vigor; to overwork.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Overpoise</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*poise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To outweigh; to overbalance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Overpoise</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*poise`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Preponderant weight; a counterbalance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Overpolish</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*pol"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To polish too much.</def>

<h1>Overponderous</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*pon"der*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too heavy.</def>

<h1>Overpost</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*post"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To post over; to pass over swiftly, as by post.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overpotent</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*po"tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too potent or powerful.</def>

<h1>Overpower</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*pow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overpowered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overpowering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To excel or exceed in power; to cause to yield; to vanquish; to subdue; <as>as, the light <ex>overpowers</ex> the eyes</as>.</def> "And <i>overpower'd</i> that gallant few."

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To overbear; overcome; vanquish; defeat; crush; overwhelm; overthrow; rout; conquer; subdue.</syn>

<h1>Overpower</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*pow`er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dominating power.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Overpowering</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*pow"er*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excelling in power; too powerful; irresistible.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O`ver*pow"er*ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overpraise</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*praise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Overprize</er>, <er>Superpraise</er>.]</ety> <def>To praise excessively or unduly.</def>

<h1>Overpraising</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*prais"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of praising unduly; excessive praise.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Overpress</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*press"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bear upon with irresistible force; to crush; to overwhelm.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To overcome by importunity.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Overpressure</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*pres"sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excessive pressure or urging.</def>

<i>London Athen\'91um.</i>

<h1>Overprize</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*prize"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Overpraise</er>.]</ety> <def>Toprize excessively; to overvalue.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Overproduction</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*pro*duc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excessive production; supply beyond the demand.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Overprompt</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*prompt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too prompt; too ready or eager; precipitate.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O`ver*prompt"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overproof</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*proof"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing more alcohol than proof spirit; stronger than proof spirit; that is, containing more than 49.3 per cent by weight of alcohol.</def>

<h1>Overproportion</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*pro*por"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make of too great proportion.</def>

<h1>Overproud</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*proud"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Exceedingly or unduly proud.</def> "<i>Overproud</i> of his victory."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Overprovident</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*prov"i*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too provident.</def>

<h1>Overprovoke</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*pro*voke"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To provoke excessively.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Overquell</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*quell"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To quell or subdue completely.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Overquietness</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*qui"et*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Too much quietness.</def>

<i>Sir. T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Overrake</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*rake"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overraked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overraking</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To rake over, or sweep across, from end to end, as waves that break over a vessel anchored with head to the sea.</def>

<h1>Overrank</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*rank"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too rank or luxuriant.</def>

<h1>Overrate</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*rate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overrated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overrating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To rate or value too highly.</def>

<h1>Overrate</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O"ver*rate`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An excessive rate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Overreach</h1>
<Xpage=1023>

<hw>O`ver*reach"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overreached</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, (<er>Overraught</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark>); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overreaching</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To reach above or beyond in any direction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deceive, or get the better of, by artifice or cunning; to outwit; to cheat.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overreach</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*reach"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reach too far</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To strike the toe of the hind foot against the heel or shoe of the forefoot; -- said of horses</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To sail on one tack farther than is necessary.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cheat by cunning or deception.</def>

<hr>
<page="1024">
Page 1024<p>

<h1>Overreach</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*reach`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of striking the heel of the fore foot with the toe of the hind foot; -- said of horses.</def>

<h1>Overreacher</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*reach"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who overreaches; one who cheats; a cheat.</def>

<h1>Overread</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*read"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To read over, or peruse.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overready</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*read"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too ready.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O"ver*read"*i*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>O"ver*read"i*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overreckon</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*reck"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reckon too highly.</def>

<h1>Overred</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*red"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To smear with red.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Overrefine</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*re*fine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To refine too much.</def>

<h1>Overrefinement</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*re*fine"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excessive refinement.</def>

<h1>Overrent</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*rent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To rent for too much.</def>

<h1>Overrich</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*rich"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Exccessively rich.</def>

<h1>Override</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*ride"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Overrode</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Overridden</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Overrode</er>, <er>Overrid</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overriding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>offer\'c6dan</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ride over or across; to ride upon; to trample down.</def>

<blockquote>The carter <b>overridden</b> with [<it>i. e.</it>, by] his cart.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To suppress; to destroy; to supersede; to annul; <as>as, one low <ex>overrides</ex> another; to <ex>override</ex> a veto.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To ride beyond; to pass; to outride.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I <b>overrode</b> him on the way.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To ride too much; to ride, as a horse, beyond its strength.</def>

<h1>Overrigged</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*rigged"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having too much rigging.</def>

<h1>Overrighteous</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*right"eous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excessively righteous; -- usually implying hypocrisy.</def>

<h1>Overrigid</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*rig"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too rigid; too severe.</def>

<h1>Overrigorous</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*rig"or*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too rigorous; harsh.</def>

<h1>Overripe</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*ripe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Matured to excess.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Overripen</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*rip"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make too ripe.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overroast</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*roast"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To roast too much.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overrule</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*rule"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overruled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overruling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rule over; to govern or determine by superior authority.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rule or determine in a contrary way; to decide against; to abrogate or alter; <as>as, God <ex>overrules</ex> the purposes of men; the chairman <ex>overruled</ex> the point of order.</as></def>

<blockquote>His passion and animosity <b>overruled</b> his conscience.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These [difficulties] I had habitually <b>overruled</b>.
<i>F. W. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To supersede, reject, annul, or rule against; <as>as, the plea, or the decision, was <ex>overruled</ex> by the court</as>.</def>

<h1>Overrule</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*rule"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be superior or supreme in rulling or controlling; <as>as, God rules and <ex>overrules</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overruler</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*rul"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, controls, governs, or determines.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Overruling</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*rul"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Exerting controlling power; <as>as, an <ex>overruling</ex> Providence</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O`ver*rul"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overrun</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*run"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Overran</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Overrun</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overrunning</er>. ]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To run over; to grow or spread over in excess; to invade and occupy; to take possession of; <as>as, the vine <ex>overran</ex> its trellis; the farm is <ex>overrun</ex> with witch grass.</as></def>

<blockquote>Those barbarous nations that <b>overran</b> the world.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exceed in distance or speed of running; to go beyond or pass in running.</def>

<blockquote>Ahimaaz run by the way of the plain, and <b>overran</b> Cushi.
<i>2 Sam. xviii. 23.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To go beyond; to extend in part beyond; <as>as, one line <ex>overruns</ex> another in length</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; In machinery, a sliding piece is said to <i>overrun</i> its bearing when its forward end goes beyond it.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To abuse or oppress, as if by treading upon.</def>

<blockquote>None of them the feeble <b>overran</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To carry over, or back, as type, from one line or page into the next after, or next before.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To extend the contents of (a line, column, or page) into the next line, column, or page.</def>

<h1>Overrun</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*run"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To run, pass, spread, or flow over or by something; to be beyond, or in excess.</def>

<blockquote>Despised and trodden down of all that <b>overran</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To extend beyond its due or desired length; <as>as, a line, or advertisement, <ex>overruns</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Overrunner</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*run"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One that overruns.</def>

<i>Lovelace.</i>

<h1>Oversaturate</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*sat"u*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Supersaturate</er>.]</ety> <def>To saturate to excess.</def>

<h1>Oversay</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*say"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To say over; to repeat.</def>

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Overscented</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*scent"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Scented excessively.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Covered or concealed by a different odor.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Overscrupulosity</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*scru`pu*los"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Overscrupulousness.</def>

<h1>Overscrupulous</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*scru"pu*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Scrupulous to excess.</def>

<h1>Overscrupulousness</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*scru"pu*lous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being overscrupulous; excess of scrupulousness.</def>

<h1>Oversea</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*sea"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Beyond the sea; foreign.</def>

<h1>Oversea, Overseas</h1>
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<hw><hw>O"ver*sea"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O"ver*seas"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Over the sea; abroad.</def>

<i>Milton. Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Oversearch</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*search"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To search all over.</def>

<h1>Overseason</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*sea"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To season too highly.</def>

<h1>Oversee</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*see"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Oversaw</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Overseen</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overseeing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>ofers\'82on</ets> to survey, to despise. See <er>Over</er>, and <er>See</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To superintend; to watch over; to direct; to look or see after; to overlook.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To omit or neglect seeing.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Oversee</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*see"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To see too or too much; hence, to be deceived.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The most expert gamesters may sometimes <b>oversee</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Your partiality to me is much <b>overseen</b>, if you think me fit to correct your Latin.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overseer</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*seer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who oversees; a superintendent; a supervisor; <as>as, an <ex>overseer</ex> of a mill; specifically, one or certain public officers; <as>as, an <ex>overseer</ex> of the poor</as>; an <ex>overseer</ex> of highways.</as></def>

<h1>Overseership</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*seer"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of an overseer.</def>

<h1>Oversell</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*sell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Oversold</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overselling</er>. ]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sell for a higher price than; to exceed in selling price.</def>

<blockquote>One whose beauty
Would <b>oversell</b> all Italy.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sell beyond means of delivery.</def> <mark>[Brokers'Cant]</mark>

<cs><col>Oversold market</col> <fld>(Brokers' Cant)</fld>, <cd>a market in which stocks or commodities have been sold "short" to such an extent that it is difficult to obtain them for delivery.</cd></cs>

<h1>Overset</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*set"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overset</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Oversetting</er>. ]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To turn or tip (anything) over from an upright, or a proper, position so that it lies upon its side or bottom upwards; to upset; <as>as, to <ex>overset</ex> a chair, a coach, a ship, or a building</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to fall, or to tail; to subvert; to overthrow; <as>as, to <ex>overset</ex> a government or a plot</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fill too full.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Overset</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*set"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To turn, or to be turned, over; to be upset.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Overset</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*set`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An upsetting; overturn; overthrow; <as>as, the <ex>overset</ex> of a carriage</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An excess; superfluity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "This <i>overset</i> of wealth and pomp. "

<i>Bp. Burnel.</i>

<h1>Overshade</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*shade`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ofersceadwian</ets>. See <er>Over</er>, and <er>Shade</er>, and cf. <er>Overshadow</er>.]</ety> <def>To cover with shade; to render dark or gloomy; to overshadow.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overshadow</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*shad"ow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overshadowed</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overshadowing</er>. ]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Overshade</er>. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw a shadow, or shade, over; to darken; to obscure.</def>

<blockquote>There was a cloud that <b>overshadowed</b> them.
<i>Mark ix. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To cover with a superior influence.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Overshadower</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*shad"ow*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One that throws a shade, or shadow, over anything.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Overshadowy</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*shad"ow*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Overshadowing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Overshake</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*shake"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shake over or away; to drive away; to disperse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Overshine</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*shine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shine over or upon; to illumine.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To excel in shining; to outshine.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overshoe</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*shoe`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shoe that is worn over another for protection from wet or for extra warmth; esp., an India-rubber shoe; a galoche.</def>

<h1>Overshoot</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*shoot"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overshot</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overshooting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shoot over or beyond.</def> "Not to <i>overshoot</i> his game."

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pass swiftly over; to fly beyond.</def>

<i>Hartle.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To exceed; <as>as, to <ex>overshoot</ex> the truth</as>.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<cs><col>To overshoot one's self</col>, <cd>to venture too far; to assert too much.</cd></cs>

<h1>Overshoot</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*shoot"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fly beyond the mark.</def>

<i>Collier.</i>

<h1>Overshot</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*shot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>From <er>Overshoot</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Overshot wheel</col>, <cd>a vertical water wheel, the circumference of which is covered with cavities or buckets, and which is turned by water which shoots over the top of it, filling the buckets on the farther side and acting chiefly by its we'ght.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oversight</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*sight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Watchful care; superintendence; general supervision.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An overlooking; an omission; an error.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Escape from an overlooked peril.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "His fool-happy <i>oversight</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Superintendence; supervision; inspection; overlooking; inadvertence; neglect; mistake; error; omission.</syn>

<h1>Oversize</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*size"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To surpass in size.</def>

<h1>Oversize</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*size"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with viscid matter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>O'ersized</b> with coagulate gore.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overskip</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*skip"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To skip or leap over; to treat with indifference.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overskirt</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*skirt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An upper skirt, shorter than the dress, and usually draped.</def>

<h1>Overslaugh</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*slaugh`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>overslag</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bar in a river; <as>as, the <ex>overslaugh</ex> in the Hudson River</as>.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Overslaugh</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*slaugh"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>overslaan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To hinder or stop, as by an overslaugh or an impediment; <as>as, to <ex>overslaugh</ex> a bill in a legislative body; to <ex>overslaugh</ex> a military officer, that is, to hinder his promotion or employment.</as></def> <mark>[Local Cant, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Oversleep</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*sleep"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sleep beyond; <as>as, to <ex>oversleep</ex> one's self or one's usual hour of rising</as>.</def>

<h1>Oversleep</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*sleep"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sleep too long.</def>

<h1>Overslide</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*slide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To slide over or by.</def>

<h1>Overslip</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*slip"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To slip or slide over; to pass easily or carelessly beyond; to omit; to neglect; <as>as, to <ex>overslip</ex> time or opportunity</as>.</def>

<h1>Overslop</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*slop`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>oferslop</ets>.]</ety> <def>An outer garment, or slop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Overslow</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*slow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render slow; to check; to curb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Overslow</h1>
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<hw>O"ver*slow"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too slow.</def>

<h1>Oversman</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O"vers*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Oversmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An overseer; a superintendent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>An umpire; a third arbiter, appointed when two arbiters, previously selected, disagree.</def>

<h1>Oversnow</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*snow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover with snow, or as with snow.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak. Dryden.</i>

<h1>Oversoon</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O"ver*soon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Too soon.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Oversorrow</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*sor"row</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To grieve or afflict to excess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Oversoul</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O"ver*soul`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The all-containing soul.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>That unity, that <b>oversout</b>, within which every man's particular being is contained and made one with all other.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oversow</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*sow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ofersawan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To sow where something has already been sown.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>His enemy came and <b>oversowed</b> cockle among the wheat.
<i>Matt. x<?/ii. 25. (Douay Version).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overspan</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*span"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reach or extend over.</def>

<h1>Overspeak</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*speak"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ofersprecan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To exceed in speaking; to speak too much; to use too many words.</def>

<h1>Overspin</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*spin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To spin out to too great length; to protract unduly.</def>

<i>W. Cartwright.</i>

<h1>Overspread</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*spread"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overspread</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overspreading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>oferspr<?/dan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To spread over; to cover; <as>as, the deluge <ex>overspread</ex> the earth</as>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Those nations of the North
Which <b>overspread</b> the world.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overspread</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*spread"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be spread or scattered over.</def>

<h1>Overspring</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*spring"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To spring or leap over.</def>

<h1>Overstand</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*stand"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To stand on the price or conditions of, so as to lose a sale; to lose by an extravagant price or hard conditions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What madman would <b>o'erstand</b> his market twice ?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overstare</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*stare"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To outstare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overstare</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*stare"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To stare wildly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<h1>Overstate</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*state"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overstated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overstating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To state in too strong terms; to exaggerate.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Overstatement</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O"ver*state"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An exaggerated statement or account.</def>

<h1>Overstay</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*stay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overstayed</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Overstaid</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overstaying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To stay beyond the time or the limits of; <as>as, to <ex>overstay</ex> the appointed time</as>.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Overstep</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*step"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overstepped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overstepping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>ofersteppan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To step over or beyond; to transgress.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overstock</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O"ver*stock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Stock in excess.</def>

<i>Tatler.</i>

<h1>Overstock</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*stock"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overstocked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overstocking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To fill too full; to supply in excess; <as>as, to <ex>overstock</ex> a market with goods, or a farm with cattle</as>.</def>

<h1>Overstore</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*store"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To overstock.</def>

<i>Sir. M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Over-story</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver-sto`ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The clearstory, or upper story, of a building.</def>

<h1>Overstrain</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*strain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overstrained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overstraining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strain one's self to excess.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Overstrain</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*strain"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To stretch or strain too much; as to <i>overstrain</i> one's nerves.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Overstraitly</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*strait"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Too straitly or strictly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Overstraw</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*straw"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To overstrew.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overstrew</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*strew"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To strew or scatter over.</def>

<h1>Overstrict</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O"ver*strict"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excessively strict.</def>

<h1>Overstride</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*stride"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To stride over or beyond.</def>

<h1>Overstrike</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*strike"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To strike beyond.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Overstrow</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*strow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Overstrew</er>.</def>

<h1>Overstudious</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O"ver*stu"di*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too studious.</def>

<h1>Oversubtile</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O"ver*sub"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excessively subtile.</def>

<h1>Oversum</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O"ver*sum`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sum or quantity over; surplus.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Oversupply</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*sup*ply"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To supply in excess.</def>

<h1>Oversupply</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O"ver*sup*ply`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An excessive supply.</def>

<blockquote>A general <b>oversupply</b> or excess of all commodities.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oversure</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O"ver*sure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excessively sure.</def>

<h1>Oversway</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*sway"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bear sway over.</def>

<h1>Overswell</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*swell"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To swell or rise above; to overflow.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overt</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O"vert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>overt</ets>, F. <ets>ouvert</ets>, p. p. of OF. <ets>ovrir</ets>, F. <ets>ouvrir</ets>, to open, of uncertain origin; cf. It. <ets>aprire</ets>, OIt. also <ets>oprire</ets>, L. <ets>aperire</ets> to open, <ets>operire</ets> to cover, <ets>deoperire</ets> to uncover. Perch. from L. <ets>aperire</ets> influenced by F. <ets>couvrir</ets> to cover. Cf. <er>Aperient</er>, <er>Cover</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Open to view; public; apparent; manifest.</def>

<blockquote><b>Overt</b> and apparent virtues bring forth praise.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Not covert; open; public; manifest; <as>as, an <ex>overt</ex> act of treason</as>.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same <b>overt</b> act, or on confession in open court.

<i>Constitution of the U. S.</i>

<note>&hand; In criminal law, an <i>overt</i> act is an open done in pursuance and manifestation of a criminal design; the mere design or intent not being punishable without such act. In English law, market <i>overt</i> is an open market; a pound <i>overt</i> is an open, uncovered pound.</note>

<h1>Overtake</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*take"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Overtook</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Overtaken</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overtaking</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To come up with in a course, pursuit, progress, or motion; to catch up with.</def>

<blockquote>Follow after the men; and when thou dost <b>overtake</b> them, say . . . Wherefore have ye rewarded evil for good.
<i>Gen. xliv. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He had him <b>overtaken</b> in his flight.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come upon from behind; to discover; to surprise; to capture; to overcome.</def>

<blockquote>If a man be <b>overtaken</b> in a fault.
<i>Gal. vi. 1</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I shall see
The winged vengeance <b>overtake</b> such children.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, figuratively, in the past participle (<i>overtaken</i>), drunken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Overtalk</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*talk"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To talk to excess.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Overtask</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*task"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To task too heavily.</def>

<h1>Overtax</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*tax"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tax or to task too heavily.</def>

<h1>Overtedious</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*te"di*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too tedious.</def>

<h1>Overtempt</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*tempt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tempt exceedingly, or beyond the power of resistance.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Overthrow</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O`ver*throw"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Overthrew</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Overthrown</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overthrowing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw over; to overturn; to upset; to turn upside down.</def>

<blockquote>His wife <b>overthrew</b> the table.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to fall or to fail; to subvert; to defeat; to make a ruin of; to destroy.</def>

<blockquote>When the walls of Thebes he <b>overthrew</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[Gloucester] that seeks to <b>overthrow</b> religion.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To demolish; overturn; prostrate; destroy; ruin; subvert; overcome; conquer; defeat; discomfit; vanquish; beat; rout.</syn>

<h1>Overthrow</h1>
<Xpage=1024>

<hw>O"ver*throw`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of overthrowing; the state of being overthrow; ruin.</def>

<blockquote>Your sudden <b>overthrow</b> much rueth me.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1025">
Page 1025<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>The act of throwing a ball too high, as over a player's head.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>A faulty return of the ball by a fielder, so that striker makes an additional run.</def>

<h1>Overthwart</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*thwart"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a transverse position; placed or situated across; hence, opposite.</def> "Our <i>overthwart</i> neighbors."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Crossing in kind or disposition; perverse; adverse; opposing.</def> "<i>Overthwart</i> humor."

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<h1>Overthwart</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*thwart"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Across; crosswise; transversely.</def> "Y'clenched <i>overthwart</i> and endelong."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Overthwart</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*thwart"</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Across; from alde to side of.</def> "Huge trees <i>overthwart</i> one another."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Overthwart</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*thwart`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is overthwart; an adverse circumstance; opposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Surrey.</i>

<h1></verthwart</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw><?/`ver*thwart"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cross; to oppose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Overthwartly</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*thwart"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an overthwart manner;across; also, perversely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Peacham.</i>

<h1>Overthwartness</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*thwart"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being overthwart; perverseness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Lord Herbert.</i>

<h1>Over</</t</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*<?/<?/t"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tilt over; to overturn.</def>

<h1>Overtime</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*time`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Time beyond, or in excess of, a limit; esp., extra working time.</def>

<h1>Overtire</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*tire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tire to excess; to exhaust.</def>

<h1>Overtire</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*tire"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To become too tired.</def>

<i>Br. Hall.</i>

<h1>Overtitle</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*ti"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give too high a title to.</def>

<h1>Overtly</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"vert*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Publicly; openly.</def>

<h1>Overtoil</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*toil"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To overwork.</def>

<h1>Overtoil</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*toil"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To weary excessively; to exhaust.</def>

<blockquote>Then dozed a while herself, but <b>overtoiled</b>
By that day's grief and travel.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overtone</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*tone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A translation of G. <ets>oberton</ets>.  See <er>Over</er>,<er>Tone</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One of the harmonics faintly heard with and above a tone as it dies away, produced by some aliquot portion of the vibrating sting or column of air which yields the fundamental tone; one of the natural harmonic scale of tones, as the octave, twelfth, fifteenth, etc.; an aliquot or "partial" tone; a harmonic. See <er>Harmonic</er>, and <er>Tone</er>.</def>

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Overtop</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*top"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overtopped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overtopping</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rise above the top of; to exceed in height; to tower above.</def> "To <i><?/ 'ertop</i> old Pelion."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To go beyond; to transcend; to transgress.</def>

<blockquote>If kings presume to <b>overtop</b> the law by which they reign, . . . they are by law to be reduced into order.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make of less importance, or throw into the background, by superior excellence; to dwarf; to obscure.</def>

<i>Becon.</i>

<h1>Overtower</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*tow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tower over or above.</def>

<h1>Overtower</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*tow"er</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To soar too high.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Overtrade</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*trade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To trade beyond one's capital; to buy goods beyond the means of paying for or seleng them; to overstock the market.</def>

<h1>Overtrading</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*trad"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or practice of buying goods beyond the means of payment; a glutting of the market.</def>

<h1>Overtread</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*tread"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>oferiredan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To tread over or upon.</def>

<h1>Overtrip</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*trip"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To trip over nimbly.</def>

<h1>Overtroubled</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*trou"bled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Excessively troubled.</def>

<h1>Overtrow</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*trow"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be too trustful or confident; to trust too much.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif <?/</i>

<h1>Overtrust</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*trust`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excessive confidence.</def>

<h1>Overtrust</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*trust"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To trust too much.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Overture</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[OF. <ets>overture</ets>, F. <ets>ouverture</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>ovrir</ets>, F. <ets>ouvrir</ets>. See <er>Overt</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An opening or aperture; a recess; a recess; a chamber.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Spenser</i>. "The cave's inmost <i>overture</i>."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disclosure; discovery; revelation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It was he
That made the <b>overture</b> of thy treasons to us.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A proposal; an offer; a proposition formally submitted for consideration, acceptance, or rejection.</def> "The great <i>overture</i> of the gospel."

<i>Barrow.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A composition, for a full orchestra, designed as an introduction to an oratorio, opera, or ballet, or as an independent piece; -- called in the latter case a <stype>concert overture</stype>.</def>

<h1>Overture</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make an overture to; <as>as, to <ex>overture</ex> a religious body on some subject</as>.</def>

<h1>Overturn</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*turn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overturned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overturning</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To turn or throw from a basis, foundation, or position; to overset; <as>as, to <ex>overturn</ex> a carriage or a building</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To subvert; to destroy; to overthrow.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To overpower; to conquer.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To demolish; overthrow. See <er>Demolish</er>.</syn>

<h1>Overturn</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*turn`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act off overturning, or the state of being overturned or subverted; overthrow; <as>as, an <ex>overturn</ex> of parties</as>.</def>

<h1>Overturnable</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*turn"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being, or liable to be, overturned or subverted.</def>

<h1>Overturner</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*turn"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who overturns.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Overvail</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*vail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Overveil</er>.</def>

<h1>Overvaluation</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*val`u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excessive valuation; overestimate.</def>

<h1>Overvalue</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*val"ue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overvalued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overvaluing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To value excessively; to rate at too high a price.</def> "To <i>overvalue</i> human power."

<i>Holyday.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exceed in value.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>H. Brooke.</i>

<h1>Overveil</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*veil"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To veil or cover.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overview</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*view`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Survey</er>.]</ety> <def>An inspection or overlooking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overvote</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*vote"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To outvote; to outnumber in votes given.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Eikon Basilike.</i>

<h1>Overwalk</h1>
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<hw>O`ver*walk"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To walk over or upon.</def>

<h1>Overwar</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*war"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To defeat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Warner.</i>

<h1>Overwary</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*wa"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too wary; too cautious.</def>

<h1>Overwash</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*wash"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To overflow.</def>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Overwasted</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*wast"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wasted or worn out; <?/onsumed; spent</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Overwatch</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*watch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To watch too much.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To weary or exhaust by watching.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Overwax</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*wax"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To wax or grow too rapindly or too much.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. of Gloucester.</i>

<h1>Overweak</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*weak"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too weak; too feeble.</def>

<h1>Overwear</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*wear"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To wear too much; to wear out.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Overweary</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*wea"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To weary too much; to tire out.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Overweather</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*weath"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To expose too long to the influence of the weather.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overween</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*ween"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>oferw<?/nian</ets>. See <er>Over</er>, and <er>Ween</er>.]</ety> <def>To think too highly or arrogantly; to regard one's own thinking or conclusions too highly; hence, to egotistic, arrogant, or rash, in opinion; to think conceitedly; to presume.</def>

<blockquote>They that <b>overween</b>,
And at thy growing virtues fret their spleen.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overweener</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*ween"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who overweens.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The conceits of warmed or <b>overweening</b> brain.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overweening</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*ween"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unduly confident; arrogant; presumptuous; conceited.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O`ver*ween"ingly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <i>Milton</i>. -- <wf>O`ver*ween"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Here's an <b>overweening</b> rogue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overweening</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*ween"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Conceit; arrogance.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Overweigh</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*weigh"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exceed in weight; to overbalance; to weigh down.</def>

<i>Drayton. Hooker.</i>

<h1>Overweight</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*weight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Weight over and above what is required by law or custom.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Superabundance of weight; preponderance.</def>

<h1>Overweight</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*weight"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Overweighing; excessive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Of no <i>overweight</i> worth."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Overwell</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*well"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To overflow.</def>

<i>R. D. Blackmore.</i>

<h1>Overwet</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*wet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excessive wetness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Another ill accident is, <b>overwet</b> at sowing time.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Overwhelm</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*whelm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overwhelmed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overwhelming</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover over completely, as by a great wave; to overflow and bury beneath; to ingulf; hence, figuratively, to immerse and bear down; to overpower; to crush; to bury; to oppress, etc., overpoweringly.</def>

<blockquote>The sea <b>overwhelmed</b> their enemies.
<i>Ps. lxxviii. 53.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fearfulness and trembling are come upon me, and horror hath <b>overwhelmed</b> me.
<i>Ps. lv. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Foul deeds will rise,
Though all the earth <b>o'erwhelm</b> them.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Gaza yet stands; but all her sons are fallen,
All in a moment <b>overwhelmed</b> and fallen.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To project or impend over threateningly.</def>

<blockquote>His louering brows <b>o'erwhelming</b> his fair sight.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to surround, to cover.</def>

<i>Papin.</i>

<h1>Overwhelm</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*whelm`</hw><def>, n. The act of overwhelming.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Overwhelming</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*whelm"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Overpowering; irresistible.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O`ver*whelm"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overwind</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*wind"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To wind too tightly, as a spring, or too far, as a hoisting rope on a drum.</def>

<h1>Overwing</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*wing"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To outflank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Overwise</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*wise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too wise; affectedly wise.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>O`ver*wise"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>O`ver*wise"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Overwit</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*wit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To outwit.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Overword</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*word"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To say in too many words; to express verbosely.</def>

<i>Hales.</i>

<h1>Overwork</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*work"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Overworked</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Overwrought</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Overworking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To work beyond the strength; to cause to labor too much or too long; to tire excessively; <as>as, to <ex>overwork</ex> a horse</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fill too full of work; to crowd with labor.</def>

<blockquote>My days with toil are <b>overwrought</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To decorate all over.</def>

<h1>Overwork</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*work"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To work too much, or beyond one's strength.</def>

<h1>Overwork</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*work`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Work in excess of the usual or stipulated time or quantity; extra work; also, excessive labor.</def>

<h1>Overworn</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*worn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <mord>from <er>Overwear</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></mord>  <def>Worn out or subdued by toil; worn out so as to be trite.</def>

<h1>Overwrest</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*wrest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To wrest or force from the natural or proper position.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Overwrestle</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*wres"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To subdue by wrestling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Overwrought</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`ver*wrought</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <mord>from <er>Overwork</er></mord>. <def>Wrought upon excessively; overworked; overexcited.</def>

<h1>Overzeal</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*zeal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excess of zeal.</def>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Overzealous</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"ver*zeal"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Too zealous.</def>

<h1>Ovicapsule</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`vi*cap"sule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ov</ets>um +  <ets>capsule</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat)</fld> <def>The outer layer of a Graafian follicle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>O\'94theca</er>.</def>

<h1>Ovicell</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"vi*cell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ovum</ets> + <ets>cell</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>One of the dilatations of the body wall of Bryozoa in which the ova sometimes undegro the first stages of their development. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Chilostoma</er>.</def>

<h1>Ovioular</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O*vio"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ov</ets>um an egg.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an egg.</def>

<h1>Ovicyst</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"vi*cyst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ov</ets>um + <ets>cyst</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pouch in which incubation takes place in some Tunicata.</def>

<h1>Ovidian</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O*vid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Latin poet Ovid; resembling the style of Ovid.</def>

<h1>Oviducal</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`vi*du"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to oviducts; <as>as, <ex>oviducal</ex> glands</as>.</def>

<h1>Oviduct</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"vi*duct</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ov</ets>um + <ets>duct</ets>: cf. F. <ets>oviducte</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A tube, or duct, for the passage of ova from the ovary to the exterior of the animal or to the part where further development takes place. In mammals the oviducts are also called <altname>Fallopian tubes</altname>.</def>

<h1>Oviferous</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O*vif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ov</ets>um + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ovif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Egg-bearing; -- applied particularly to certain receptacles, as in Crustacea, that retain the eggs after they have been excluded from the formative organs, until they are hatched.</def>

<h1>Oviform</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"vi*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ov</ets>um + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>oviforme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having the form or figure of an egg; egg-shaped; <as>as, an <ex>oviform</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Ovigerons</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O*vig"er*ons</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ov</ets>um + <ets>-gerous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ovigere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Bearing eggs; oviferous.</def>

<h1>Ovile</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"vile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Ovine</er>.</def>

<h1>Ovine</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"vine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ovinus</ets>, fr. <ets>ovis</ets> sheep: cf. F. <ets>ovine</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to sheep; consisting of sheep.</def>

<h1>Ovipara</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O*vip"a*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Oviparous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An artifical division of vertebrates, including those that lay eggs; -opposed to <i>Vivipara</i>.</def>

<h1>Oviparity</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`vi*par"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Oviparous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Generatuon by means of ova. See <er>Generation</er>.</def>

<h1>Oviparous</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O*vip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oviparus</ets>; <ets>ovum</ets> egg + <ets>parere</ets> to bring forth: cf. F. <ets>ovipare</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Producing young from rggs; <as>as, an <ex>oviparous</ex> animal, in which the egg is generally separated from the animal, and hatched after exclusion</as>; -- opposed to <contr>viviparous</contr>.</def>

<h1>Oviposit</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`vi*pos"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Oviposited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ovipositing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Ovum</er>, and <er>Posit</er>.]</ety> <def>To lay or deposit eggs; -- said esp. of insects.</def>

<h1>Oviposit</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`vi*pos"it</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deposit or lay (an egg).</def>

<h1>Ovipositing, Oviposition</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw><hw>O`vi*pos"it*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O`vi*po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The depositing of eggs, esp. by insects.</def>

<h1>Ovipositor</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`vi*pos"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ovum an egg + positor</ets> a placer, fr. <ets>ponere</ets> to place.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The organ with which many insects and some other animals deposit their eggs. Some ichneumon files have a long ovipositor fitted to pierce the eggs or larv\'91 of other insects, in order to lay their own eggs within the same.</def>

<h1>Ovisac</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"vi*sac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ov</ets>um + <ets>sac</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A Graafian follicle; any sac containing an ovum or ova.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The inner layer of the fibrous wall of a Graafian follicle.</def>

<h1>Ovist</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"vist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Ovulist</er>.</def>

<h1>Ovococcus</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`vo*coc"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ovococci</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Ov</ets>um + Gr. <?/ grain, seed.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A germinal vesicle.</def>

<h1>Ovoid, Ovoidal</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw><hw>O"void</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>O*void"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ov</ets>um + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ovo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling an egg in shape; egg-shaped; ovate; <as>as, an <ex>ovoidal</ex> apple</as>.</def>

<h1>Ovoid</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"void</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A solid resembling an egg in shape.</def>

<h1>Ovolo</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O"vo*lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>ovolo</ets>, <ets>uovolo</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ovum</ets> an egg. Cf. <er>Ovule</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A round, convex molding. See <i>Illust.</i> of <er>Column</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; In Roman work it is usually a quarter circle in section; in Greek work it is flatter, and is equivalent to the echinus; that is, it has in section the elastic curve of the shell of the sea urchin. In medi\'91val architecture it is not distinguishable from the multitude of convex moldings, of all sections, which are used.</note>

<h1>Ovology</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O*vol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ov</ets>um + <ets>-logy</ets>. Cf. F. <ets>ovologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of natural history which treats of the origin and functions of eggs.</def>

<h1>Ovoplasma</h1>
<Xpage=1025>

<hw>O`vo*plas"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ov</ets>um + <ets>plasma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Boil.)</fld> <def>Yolk; egg yolk.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<h1>Ovotesttis</h1>
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<hw>O`vo*test"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Ovum</er>, and <er>Testis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An organ which produces both ova and spermatozoids; an hermaphrodite gland.</def>

<h1>Ovoviviparous</h1>
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<hw>O*vo*vi*vip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ov</ets>um + <ets>viviparous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ovovivipare</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Oviparous, but hatching the egg while it is within the body, as some fishes and reptiles.</def>

<h1>Ovular</h1>
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<hw>O"vu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating or belonging to an ovule; <as>as, an <ex>ovular</ex> growth</as>.</def>

<h1>Ovulary</h1>
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<hw>O"vu*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to ovules.</def>

<h1>Ovulate</h1>
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<hw>O"vu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Containing an ovule or ovules.</def>

<h1>Ovulation</h1>
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<hw>O`vu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Phisiol.)</fld> <def>The formation of ova or eggs in the ovary, and the discharge of the same. In the mammalian female the discharge occurs during menstruation.</def>

<h1>Ovule</h1>
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<hw>O"vule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of L. <ets>ovum</ets> an egg: cf. F. <ets>ovule</ets>. Cf. <er>Ovolo</er>, <er>Ovulum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rudiment of a seed. It grows from a placenta, and consists of a soft nucleus within two delicate coatings. The attached base of the ovule is the <i>hilum</i>, the coatings are united with the nucleus at the <i>chalaza</i>, and their minute orifice is the <i>foramen</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An ovum.</def>

<h1>Ovuliferous</h1>
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<hw>O`vu*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ovule</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(biol.)</fld> <def>Producing ovules.</def>

<h1>Ovulist</h1>
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<hw>O"vu*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A believer in the theory (called <i>encasement theory</i>), current during the last century, that the egg was the real animal germ, and that at the time of fecundation the spermatozoa simply gave the impetus which caused the unfolding of the egg, in which all generations were inclosed one within the other. Also called <altname>ovist</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ovulite</h1>
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<hw>O"vu*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ov</ets>um + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fossil egg.</def>

<h1>Ovulum</h1>
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<hw>O"vu*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ovula</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Ovule</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An ovule.</def>

<h1>Ovum</h1>
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<hw>O"vum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Ova</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Ovums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., an egg. See <er>Oval</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A more or less spherical and transparent mass of granular protoplasm, which by a process of multiplication and growth develops into a mass of cells, constituting a new individual like the parent; an egg, spore, germ, or germ cell. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Mycropyle</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The ovum is a typical cell, with a cell wall, cell substance, nucleus, and nucleolus. In man and the higher animals the cell wall, a vertically striated membrane, is called the <i>zona pellucida</i>; the cell contents, the <i>vitellus</i>; the nucleus, the <i>germinal vesicle</i>; and the nucleolus, the <i>germinal spot</i>. The diameter of the ripe ovum in man and the domestic animals varies between 1-200 and 1-120 of an inch.</note>

<hr>
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<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One of the series of egg-shaped ornaments into which the ovolo is often carved.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Owch</h1>
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<hw>Owch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ouch</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Speser.</i>

<h1>Owe</h1>
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<hw>Owe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Owed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, (<er>Ought</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <mark>obs.</mark>); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Owing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>owen</ets>, <ets>awen</ets>,<ets>aghen</ets>, to have, own, have (to do), hence, owe, AS. <ets>\'began</ets> to have; akin to G. <ets>eigen</ets>, a., own, Icel. <ets>eiga</ets> to have, Dan. <ets>eie</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'84ga</ets>, Goth. <ets>\'a0igan</ets>, Skr. <?/. <?/<?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Ought</er>, <tt>v.</tt>, 2d <er>Own</er>, <er>Fraught</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To possess; to have, as the rightful owner; to own.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou dost here usurp
The name thou <b>ow'st</b> not.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have or possess, as something derived or bestowed; to be obliged to ascribe (something to some source); to be indebted or obliged for; <as>as, he <ex>owed</ex> his wealth to his father; he <ex>owed</ex> his victoty to his lieutenants</as></def>.

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>O deem thy fall not <b>owed</b> to man's decree.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: To have or be under an obigation to restore, pay, or render (something) in return or compensation for something received; to be indebted in the sum of; <as>as, the subject <ex>owes</ex> allegiance; the fortunate <ex>owe</ex> assistance to the unfortunate.</as></def>

<blockquote>The one <b>ought</b> five hundred pence, and the other fifty.
<i>Bible (1551).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A son <b>owes</b> help and honor to his father.
<i>Holyday.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Owe</i> was sometimes followed by an objective clause introduced by the infinitive. "Ye <i>owen</i> to incline and bow your heart."</note>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To have an obligation to (some one) on account of something done or received; to be indebted to; <as>as, to <ex>iwe</ex> the grocer for supplies, or a laborer for services</as>.</def>

<h1>Owel</h1>
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<hw>Ow"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>oel</ets>, <ets>owel</ets>, <ets>iwel</ets>,<ets>ivel</ets>, F. <ets>\'82gal</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aequalis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Equal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Owelty</h1>
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<hw>Ow"el*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>oelt\'82</ets>, <ets>ivelt\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Equality; -- sometimes written <asp>ovelty</asp> and <asp>ovealty</asp>.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Owen</h1>
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<hw>Ow"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[See <er>Own</er>.]</ety> <def>Own.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Owenite</h1>
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<hw>Ow"en*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A follower of Robert <i>Owen</i>, who tried to reorganize society on a socialistic basis, and established an industrial community on the Clyde, Scotland, and, later, a similar one in Indiana.</def>

<h1>Owher</h1>
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<hw>O"wher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'behw\'91r</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anywhere.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "If he found <i>owher</i> a good fellow."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Owing</h1>
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<hw>Ow`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>P. p. & a.</tt> <ety>[Used in a passive sense for <ets>owed</ets> (AS. <ets>\'begen</ets>. See <er>Own</er>).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Had or held under obligation of paying; due.</def>

<blockquote>There is more <b>owing</b> her than is paid.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Had or experienced as a consequence, result, issue, etc.; ascribable; -- with <i>to</i>; <as>as, misfortunes are often <ex>owing</ex> to vices; his failure was <ex>owing</ex> to speculations.</as></def>

<h1>Owl</h1>
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<hw>Owl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets><?/le</ets>; akin to D. <ets>uil</ets>, OHG. <ets><?/wila</ets>, G. <ets>eule</ets>, Icel. <ets>ugla</ets>, <er>Sw</er>. <ets>ugla</ets>, Dan. <ets>ugle</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any cpecies of raptorial birds of the family <spn>Strigid\'91</spn>. They have large eyes and ears, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye. They are mostly nocturnal in their habits.</def>

<note>&hand; Some species have erectile tufts of feathers on the head. The feathers are soft and somewhat downy. The species are numerous. See <cref>Barn owl</cref>, <cref>Burrowing owl</cref>, <cref>Eared owl</cref>, <cref>Hawk owl</cref>, <cref>Horned owl</cref>, <cref>Screech owl</cref>, <cref>Snowy owl</cref>, under <er>Barn</er>\'3c <er>Burrowing</er>, etc.</note>

<note>&hand; In the Scriptures the owl is commonly associated with desolation; poets and story-tellers introduce it as a bird of ill omen.  . . . The Greeks and Romans made it the emblem of wisdom, and sacred to Minerva, -- and indeed its large head and solemn eyes give it an air of wisdom.

<i>Am. Cyc.</i></note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A variety of the domestic pigeon.</def>

<cs><col>Owl monkey</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of South American nocturnal monkeys of the genus <spn>Nyctipithecus</spn>. They have very large eyes. Called also <altname>durukuli</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Owl moth</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large moth (<spn>Erebus strix</spn>). The expanse of its wings is over ten inches.</cd> -- <col>Owl parrot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the kakapo.</cd> -- <col>Sea owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the lumpfish.</cd> -- <col>Owl train</col>, <cd>a cant name for certain railway trains whose run is in the nighttime.</cd></cs>

<h1>Owl</h1>
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<hw>Owl</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Owled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Owling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pry about; to prowl.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To carry wool or sheep out of England.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; This was formerly illegal, and was done chiefly by night.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, to carry on any contraband trade.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Owler</h1>
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<hw>Owl"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Owl</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>One who owls; esp., one who conveys contraband goods. See <er>Owling</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>T. Brown.</i>

<h1>Owlery</h1>
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<hw>Owl"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Owleries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>An abode or a haunt of owls.</def>

<h1>Owlet</h1>
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<hw>Owl"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>owl</ets>. Cf. <er>Howlet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small owl; especially, the European species (<spn>Athene noctua</spn>), and the California flammulated owlet (<spn>Megascops flammeolus</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>Owlet moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any noctuid moth.</cd></cs>

<h1>Owl-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Owl"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having eyes like an owl's.</def>

<h1>Owling</h1>
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<hw>Owl"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Owl</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The offense of transporting wool or sheep out of England contrary to the statute formerly existing.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Owlish</h1>
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<hw>Owl"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling, or characteristic of, an owl.</def>

<h1>Owlism</h1>
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<hw>Owl"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Affected wisdom; pompous dellness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Owllight</h1>
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<hw>Owl"light`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Glimmering or imperfect <?/ight.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Own</h1>
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<hw>Own</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>unnen</ets> to grant, permit, be pleased with, AS. <ets>unnan</ets> to grant; akin to OS. <ets>giunnan</ets>, G. <ets>g\'94nnen</ets>, Icel. <ets>unna</ets>; of uncertain origin. This word has been confused with <ets>own</ets> to possess.]</ety> <def>To grant; to acknowledge; to admit to be true; to confess; to recognize in a particular character; <as>as, we <ex>own</ex> that we have forfeited your love</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The wakeful bloodhound rose, and shook his hide <?/
But his sagacious eye an inmate <b>owns</b>.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Own</h1>
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<hw>Own</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>owen</ets>, <ets>awen</ets>, <ets>auen</ets>, <ets>aughen</ets>, AS. <ets>\'begen</ets>, p. p. of <ets>\'began</ets> to possess; akin to OS. <ets>&emac;gan</ets>, G. & D. <ets>eigen</ets>, Icel. <ets>eiginn</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>egen</ets>. &root;110.  See <er>Owe</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to; belonging exclusively or especially to; peculiar; -- most frequently following a possessive pronoun, as <i>my</i>, <i>our</i>, <i>thy</i>, <i>your</i>, <i>his</i>, <i>her</i>, <i>its</i>, <i>their</i>, in order to emphasize or intensify the idea of property, peculiar interest, or exclusive ownership; <as>as, my <ex>own</ex> father; my <ex>own</ex> composition; my <ex>own</ex> idea; at my <ex>own</ex> price.</as></def> "No man was his <i>own</i> [<it>i. e.</it>, no man was master of himself, or in possession of his senses]."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>To hold one's own</col>, <cd>to keep or maintain one's possessions; to yield nothing; esp., to suffer no loss or disadvantage in a contest.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Own</h1>
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<hw>Own</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Owned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Owning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ohnien</ets>, <ets>ahnien</ets>, AS. <ets>\'begnian</ets>, fr. <ets>\'begen</ets> own, <tt>a.</tt> See <er>Own</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To hold as property; to have a legal or rightful title to; to be the proprietor or possessor of; to possess; <as>as, to <ex>own</ex> a house</as>.</def>

<h1>Owner</h1>
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<hw>Own"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who owns; a rightful proprietor; one who has the legal or rightful title, whether he is the possessor or not.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ownerless</h1>
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<hw>Own"er*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without an owner.</def>

<h1>Ownership</h1>
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<hw>Own"er*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being an owner; the right to own; exclusive right of possession; legal or just claim or title; proprietorship.</def>

<h1>Owre</h1>
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<hw>Owre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <?/<ets>r</ets>; akin to G. <ets>auer</ets>ochs, OHG. <ets><?/r</ets>, <ets><?/r</ets>ohso, Icel. <ets><?/rr</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The aurohs.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Owse, Owser</h1>
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<hw><hw>Owse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ow"ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Tanner's ooze. See <er>Ooze</er>, 3.</def>

<h1>Ox</h1>
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<hw>Ox</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Oxen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>oxa</ets>; akin to D. <ets>os</ets>. G. <ets>ochs</ets>, <ets>ochse</ets>, OHG. <ets>ohso</ets>, Icel. <ets>oxi</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>oxe</ets>, Goth. <ets>a\'a3hsa</ets>, Skr. <ets>ukshan</ets> ox, bull; cf. Skr. <ets>uksh</ets> to sprinkle. <?/<?/<?/ Cf. <er>Humid</er>, <er>Aurochs</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The male of bovine quadrupeds, especially the domestic animal when castrated and grown to its full size, or nearly so. The word is also applied, as a general name, to any species of bovine animals, male and female.</def>

<blockquote>All sheep and <b>oxen</b>, yea, and the beasts of the field.
<i>Ps. viii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The castrated male is called a <i>steer</i> until it attains its full growth, and then, an <i>ox</i>; but if castrated somewhat late in life, it is called a <i>stag</i>. The male, not castrated, is called a <i>bull</i>. These distinctions are well established in regard to domestic animals of this genus.  When wild animals of this kind are spoken of, <i>ox</i> is often applied both to the male and the female. The name <i>ox</i> is never applied to the individual <i>cow</i>, or female, of the domestic kind. <i>Oxen</i> may comprehend both the male and the female.</note>

<cs><col>Grunting ox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the yak.</cd> -- <col>Indian ox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the zebu.</cd> -- <col>Javan ox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the banteng.</cd> -- <col>Musk ox</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Musk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ox bile</col>. <cd>See <cref>Ox gall</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Ox gall</col>, <cd>the fresh gall of the domestic ox; -- used in the arts and in medicine.</cd> -- <col>Ox pith</col>, <cd>ox marrow. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <i>Marston.</i> -- <col>Ox ray</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large ray (<spn>Dicerobatis Giorn\'91</spn>) of Southern Europe. It has a hornlike organ projecting forward from each pectoral fin. It sometimes becomes twenty feet long and twenty-eight feet broad, and weighs over a ton. Called also <altname>sea devil</altname>.</cd> -- <col>To have the black ox tread on one's foot</col>, <cd>to be unfortunate; to know what sorrow is (because black oxen were sacrificed to Pluto). <i>Leigh Hunt.</i></cd></cs>

<h1>Oxacid</h1>
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<hw>Ox`ac"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Oxyacid</er>.</def>

<h1>Oxalan</h1>
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<hw>Ox"a*lan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Alloxan</er>, by transposition of letters.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A complex nitrogenous substance <chform>C3N3H5O3</chform> obtained from alloxan (or when urea is fused with ethyl oxamate), as a stable white crystalline powder; -- called also <altname>oxaluramide</altname>.</def>

<h1>Oxalantin</h1>
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<hw>Ox`a*lan"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Alloxantin</er>, by transposition of letters.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (<chform>C6H4N4O5</chform>)  obtained by the reduction of parabanic acid; -- called also <altname>leucoturic acid</altname>.</def>

<h1>Oxalate</h1>
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<hw>Ox"a*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>oxalate</ets>. See <er>Oxalic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of oxalic acid.</def>

<h1>Oxaldehyde</h1>
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<hw>Ox*al"de*hyde</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxa</ets>lic + <ets>aldehyde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Glyoxal</er>.</def>

<h1>Oxalethyline</h1>
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<hw>Ox`al*eth"yl*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxal</ets>ic + <ets>ethyl</ets> + <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety> <def>A poisonous nitrogenous base (<chform>C6H10N2</chform>) obtained indirectly from oxamide as a thick transparent oil which has a strong narcotic odor, and a physiological action resembling that of atropine. It is probably related to pyridine.</def>

<h1>Oxalic</h1>
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<hw>Ox*al"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Oxalis</er>: cf. F. <ets>oxalique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or contained in, sorrel, or oxalis; specifically, designating an acid found in, and characteristic of, oxalis, and also certain plant of the Buckwheat family.</def>

<cs><col>Oxalic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a dibasic acid, existing combined in oxalis as an acid potassium oxalate, and in many plant tissues as the calcium oxalate. It is prepared on a large scale, by the action of fused caustic soda or potash on sawdust, as a white crystalline substance, which has a strong acid taste, and is poisonous in large doses. It is used in dyeing, calico printing, bleaching flax and straw, the preparation of formic acid, and in salts of lemon for removing ink stains, mold, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oxaline</h1>
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<hw>Ox"a*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gly<ets>oxal + -ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Glyoxaline</er>.</def>

<h1>Oxalis</h1>
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<hw>Ox"a*lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a kind of sorrel, Gr.<?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ sharp,pungent, acid.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants,mostly herbs, with acid-tasting trifoliolate or multifoliolate leaves; -- called also <altname>wood sorrel</altname>.</def>

<h1>Oxalite</h1>
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<hw>Ox"a*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A yellow mineral consisting of oxalate of iron.</def>

<h1>Oxaluramide</h1>
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<hw>Ox`a*lur*am"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxaluric</ets> + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Oxalan</er>.</def>

<h1>Oxalurate</h1>
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<hw>Ox`a*lur"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of oxaluric acid.</def>

<h1>Oxaluric</h1>
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<hw>Ox`a*lur"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxal</ets>yl + <ets>urea</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid related to the ureids, and obtained from parabanic acid as a white silky crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Oxalyl</h1>
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<hw>Ox"a*lyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxal</ets>ic + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A hydrocarbon radical (<chform>C2O2</chform>) regarded as a residue of oxalic acid and occurring in derivatives of it.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An old name for <altname>carbonyl</altname></def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An old name for <altname>carboxyl</altname>.</def>

<h1>Oxamate</h1>
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<hw>Ox*am"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of oxamic acid.</def>

<h1>Oxamethane</h1>
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<hw>Ox`a*meth"ane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxam</ets>ic + <ets>eth</ets>yl.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Ethyl oxamate, obtained as a white scaly crystalline powder.</def>

<h1>Oxamethylane</h1>
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<hw>Ox`a*meth"yl*ane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxam</ets>ic + <ets>methyl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Methyl oxamate, obtained as a pearly white crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Oxamic</h1>
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<hw>Ox*am"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ox</ets>alic + <ets>am</ets>ido]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid <chform>NH2.C2O2.HO</chform> obtained as a fine crystalline powder, intermediate between oxalic acid and oxamide. Its ammonium salt is obtained by boiling oxamide with ammonia.</def>

<h1>Oxamide</h1>
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<hw>Ox*am"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>, <ety>[<ets>Ox</ets>alic + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline neutral substance (<chform>C2O2(NH2)2)</chform> obtained by treating ethyl oxalate with ammonia. It is the acid amide of oxalic acid.  Formerly called also <altname>oxalamide</altname>.</def>

<h1>Oxamidine</h1>
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<hw>Ox*am"i*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ox</ets>ygen + <ets>amido</ets> + <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of bases containing the amido and the isonitroso groups united to the same carbon atom.</def>

<h1>Oxanillamide</h1>
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<hw>Ox`a*nill*am"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxanil</ets>ic + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, obtained indirectly by the action of cyanogen on aniline, and regarded as an anilide of oxamic acid; -- called also <altname>phenyl oxamide</altname>.</def>

<h1>Oxanilate</h1>
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<hw>Ox*an"i*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of oxanilic acid.</def>

<h1>Oxanilic</h1>
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<hw>Ox`an*il"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ox</ets>alic + <ets>anil</ets>ine.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, oxalic acid and aniline; -- used to designate an acid obtained in white crystalline scales by heating these substances together.</def>

<h1>Oxanilide</h1>
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<hw>Ox*an"i*lide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ox</ets>alic +  <ets>anil</ets>ine + am<ets>ide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>a white crystalline substance, resembling oxanilamide, obtained by heating aniline oxalate, and regarded as a double anilide of oxalic acid; -- called also <altname>diphenyl oxamide</altname>.</def>

<h1>Oxbane</h1>
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<hw>Ox"bane`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A poisonous bulbous plant (<spn>Buphane toxicaria</spn>) of the Cape of Good Hope.</def>

<h1>Oxbird</h1>
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<hw>Ox"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def> The dunlin.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def> The sanderling.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An African weaver bird (<spn>Textor alector</spn>).</def>

<h1>Oxbiter</h1>
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<hw>Ox"bit`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cow blackbird.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Oxbow</h1>
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<hw>Ox"bow`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A frame of wood, bent into the shape of the letter <universbold>U</universbold>, and embracing an ox's neck as a kind of collar, the upper ends passing through the bar of the yoke; also, anything so shaped, as a bend in a river.</def>

<h1>Oxeye</h1>
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<hw>Ox"eye`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ox</ets> + <ets>eye</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The oxeye daisy. See under <er>Daisy</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The corn camomile (<spn>Anthemis arvensis</spn>)</def>.  <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A genus of composite plants (<spn>Buphthalmum</spn>) with large yellow flowers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def> A titmouse, especially the great titmouse (<spn>Parus major</spn>) and the blue titmouse (<spn>P. c\'d2ruleus</spn>).</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The dunlin.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A fish; the bogue, or box.</def>

<cs><col>Creeping oxeye</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>a West Indian composite plant (<spn>Wedelia carnosa</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Seaside oxeye</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a West Indian composite shrub (<spn>Borrichia arborescens</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Oxeyed</h1>
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<hw>Ox"*eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having large, full eyes, like those of an ox.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Oxfly</h1>
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<hw>Ox"fly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The gadfly of cattle.</def>

<h1>Oxford</h1>
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<hw>Ox"ford</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the city or university of Oxford, England.</def>

<cs><col>Oxford movement</col>. <cd>See <er>Tractarianism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Oxford School</col>, <cd>a name given to those members of the Church of England who adopted the theology of the so-called Oxford "Tracts for the Times," issued the period 1833 -- 1841. <i>Shipley</i>.</cd> -- <col>Oxford tie</col>, <cd>a kind of shoe, laced on the instep, and usually covering the foot nearly to the ankle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oxgang</h1>
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<hw>Ox"gang`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ox</ets> + <ets>gang</ets>, n., 1.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Bovate</er>.</def>

<h1>Oxgoad</h1>
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<hw>Ox"goad`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A goad for driving oxen.</def>

<h1>Oxhead</h1>
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<hw>Ox"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Hogshead</er>.]</ety> <def>Literally, the head of an ox (emblem of cuckoldom); hence, a dolt; a blockhead.</def>

<blockquote>Dost make a mummer of me, <b>oxhead</b>?
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Oxheal</h1>
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<hw>Ox"heal`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Bear's-foot</er>.</def>

<h1>Oxheart</h1>
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<hw>Ox"heart`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A large heart-shaped cherry, either black, red, or white.</def>

<h1>Oxhide</h1>
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<hw>Ox"hide`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The skin of an ox, or leather made from it.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A measure of land. See 3d <er>Hide</er>.</def>

<h1>Oxid</h1>
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<hw>Ox"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Oxide</er>.</def>

<h1>Oxidability</h1>
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<hw>Ox`i*da*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>oxydabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capability of being converted into an oxide.</def>

<h1>Oxidable</h1>
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<hw>Ox"i*da*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>oxydable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being converted into an oxide.</def>

<h1>Oxidate</h1>
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<hw>Ox"i*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Oxidated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Oxidating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. f. <ets>oxyder</ets>. See <er>Oxide</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To oxidize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Oxidation</h1>
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<hw>Ox`i*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>oxidation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process of oxidizing, or the state or result of being oxidized.</def>

<h1>Oxidator</h1>
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<hw>Ox"i*da`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An oxidizer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A contrivance for causing a current of air to impinge on the flame of the Argand lamp; -- called also <altname>oxygenator</altname>.</def>

<hr>
<page="1027">
Page 1027<p>

<h1>Oxide</h1>
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<hw>Ox"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ox</ets>yg\'8ane oxigen + ac<ets>ide</ets> acid: cf. F. <ets>oxyde</ets>. The French word was correctly spelt <ets>oxide</ets>, till about the year 1840, when, in ignorance or forgetfulness of the true history and composition of the word, the orthography was change to make it represent the <ets>&upsilon;</ets> of Gr. <grk>'oxy`s</grk>, from which it was supposed to be directly derived.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A binary compound of oxygen with an atom or radical, or a compound which is regarded as binary; <as>as, iron <ex>oxide</ex>, ethyl <ex>oxide</ex>, nitrogen <ex>oxide</ex>, etc</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; In the chemical nomenclature adopted by Guyton de Morveau, Lavoisier,and their associates, the term <i>oxides</i> was made to include all compounds of <i>oxygen</i> which had no acid (F. <i>acide</i>) properties, as contrasted with the acid, all of which were at that time supposed to contain oxygen. The orthography <i>oxyde</i>, <i>oxyd</i>, etc., was afterwards introduced in ignorance or disregard of the true etymology, but these forms are now obsolete in English. The spelling <i>oxid</i> is not common.</note>

<h1>Oxidizable</h1>
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<hw>Ox"i*di`za*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being oxidized.</def>

<h1>Oxidize</h1>
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<hw>Ox"i*dize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Oxidized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Oxidizing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To combine with oxygen, or subject to the action of oxygen, or of an oxidizing agent.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To combine with oxygen or with more oxygen; to add oxygen to; <as>as, to <ex>oxidize</ex> nitrous acid so as to form nitric acid</as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To remove hydrogen from (anything), as by the action of oxygen; <as>as, to <ex>oxidize</ex> alcohol so as to form aldehyde</as></def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>To subject to the action of oxygen or of an oxidizing agent, so as to bring to a higher grade, as an <i>-ous</i> compound to an <i>-ic</i> compound; <as>as, to <ex>oxidize</ex> mercurous chloride to <i>mercuric</i> chloride</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; In certain cases <i>to oxidize</i> is identical with <i>to acidify</i>; for, in nearly all cases, the more oxygen a substance contains the more nearly does it approximate to acid qualities; thus, by oxidation many elements, as sulphur, nitrogen, carbon, chromium, manganese, etc., pass into compounds which are acid anhydrides, and thus practically in the acid state.</note>

<h1>Oxidizement</h1>
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<hw>Ox"i*dize`ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Oxidation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Oxidizer</h1>
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<hw>Ox"i*di`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An agent employed in oxidation, or which facilitates or brings about combination with oxygen; <as>as, nitric acid, chlorine, bromine, etc., are strong <ex>oxidizers</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Oxidulated</h1>
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<hw>Ox*id"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Existing in the state of a protoxide; -- said of an oxide.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Oxime</h1>
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<hw>Ox"ime</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of isonitroso derivatives obtained by the action of hydroxylamine on aldehydes or ketones.</def>

<h1>Oxindol</h1>
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<hw>Ox*in"dol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ox</ets>ygen + <ets>indol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (<chform>C8H7NO</chform>) of the indol group, obtained by the reduction of dioxindol. It is a so-called <i>lactam</i> compound.</def>

<h1>Oxiodic</h1>
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<hw>Ox`i*od"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ox</ets>y- (<sd>a</sd>) + <ets>iodic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, certain compounds of iodine and oxygen.</def>

<h1>Oxlike</h1>
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<hw>Ox"like</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characteristic of, or like, an ox.</def>

<h1>Oxlip</h1>
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<hw>Ox"lip`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>oxanslyppe</ets>. See <er>Ox</er>, and <er>Cowslip</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The great cowslip (<spn>Primula veris</spn>, var. <spn>elatior</spn>).</def>

<h1>Oxonate</h1>
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<hw>Ox"o*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of oxonic acid.</def>

<h1>Oxonian</h1>
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<hw>Ox*o"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to the city or the university of Oxford, England.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Oxonian</h1>
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<hw>Ox*o"ni*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A student or graduate of Oxford University, in England.</def>

<h1>Oxonic</h1>
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<hw>Ox*on"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Prob. gly<ets>ox</ets>alic + carb<ets>onic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid (<chform>C4H5N3O4</chform>) not known in the free state, but obtained, in combination with its salts, by a slow oxidation of uric acid, to which it is related.</def>

<h1>Oxpecker</h1>
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<hw>Ox"peck`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African bird of the genus <spn>Buphaga</spn>; the beefeater.</def>

<h1>Oxshoe</h1>
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<hw>Ox"shoe`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shoe for oxen, consisting of a flat piece of iron nailed to the hoof.</def>

<h1>Oxter</h1>
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<hw>Ox"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>&omac;hsta</ets>.]</ety> <def>The armpit; also, the arm.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Oxtongue</h1>
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<hw>Ox"tongue`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several plants, from the shape and roughness of their leaves; as, <spn>Anchusa officinalis</spn>, a kind of bugloss, and <spn>Helminthia echioides</spn>, both European herbs.</def>

<h1>Oxy-</h1>
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<hw>Ox"y-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A prefix, also used adjectively</def>, designating: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A compound containing <i>oxygen</i></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A compound containing the <i>hydroxyl group</i>, more properly designated by <i>hydroxy-</i>. See <er>Hydroxy-</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Oxy acid</col>. <cd>See <er>Oxyacid</er> (below).</cd></cs>

<h1>Oxyacetic</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*a*ce"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxy-</ets> (<ets>b</ets>) + <ets>acetic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hydroxyacetic; designating an acid called also <i>glycolic acid</i>.</def>

<h1>Oxyacid</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*ac"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxy-</ets> <sd>(a)</sd> + <ets>acid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An acid containing oxygen, as chloric acid or sulphuric acid; -- contrasted with the <i>hydracids</i>, which contain no oxygen, as hydrochloric acid. See <er>Acid</er>, and <er>Hydroxy-</er>.</def>

<h1>Oxyammonia</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*am*mo"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxy-</ets> <sd>(b)</sd> + <ets>ammonia</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hydroxylamine</er>.</def>

<h1>Oxybenzene</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*ben"zene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxy-</ets> <sd>(b)</sd> + <ets>benzene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Hydroxy benzene. Same as <er>Phenol</er>.</def>

<h1>Oxybenzoic</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*ben*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxy-</ets> <sd>(b)</sd> + <ets>benzoic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Hydroxybenzoic; pertaining to, or designating, any one of several hydroxyl derivatives of benzonic acid, of which the commonest is salicylic acid.</def>

<h1>Oxybromic</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*bro"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxy-</ets> <sd>(a)</sd> + <ets>bromic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, certain compounds of oxygen and bromine.</def>

<h1>Oxybutyric</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*bu*tyr"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxy-</ets> <sd>(b)</sd> + <ets>butyric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Hydroxybutyric; designating any one of a group of metameric acids (<chform>C3H6.OH.CO2H</chform>).</def>

<h1>Oxycalcium</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*cal"ci*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxy-</ets> <sd>(a)</sd> + <ets>calcium</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to oxygen and calcium; <as>as, the <ex>oxycalcium</ex> light</as>. See <er>Drummond light</er>.</def>

<h1>Oxycaproic</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*ca*pro"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Leucic</er>.</def>

<h1>Oxychloric</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*chlo"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxy-</ets> <sd>(a)</sd> + <ets>chloric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating in general, certain compounds containing oxygen and chlorine.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Formerly designating an acid now called <altname>perchloric acid</altname>. See <er>Perchloric</er>.</def>

<h1>Oxychloride</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*chlo"ride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxy-</ets> <sd>(a)</sd> + <ets>chloride</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A ternary compound of oxygen and chlorine; <as>as, plumbic <ex>oxychloride</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Oxycrate</h1>
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<hw>Ox"y*crate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/;<?/<?/<?/<?/ acid + <?/<?/<?/<?/ to mix: cf. F. <ets>oxycrat</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(med.)</fld> <def>A Mixture of water and vinegar.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Oxycymene</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*cy"mene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxy-</ets> <sd>(b)</sd> + <ets>cymene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Hydroxy cymene. Same as <er>Carvacrol</er>.</def>

<h1>Oxygen</h1>
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<hw>Ox"y*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>oxyg\'8ane</ets>, from Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ sharp, acid + root of <?/<?/<?/<?/ to be born. So called because originally supposed to be an essential part of every <ets>acid</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, tasteless, odorless, gaseous element occurring in the free state in the atmosphere, of which it forms about 23 per cent by weight and about 21 per cent by volume, being slightly heavier than nitrogen. Symbol O. Atomic weight 15.96.</def>

<note>&hand; It occurs combined in immense quantities, forming eight ninths by weight of water, and probably one half by weight of the entire solid crust of the globe, being an ingredient of silica, the silicates, sulphates, carbonates, nitrates, etc. Oxygen combines with all elements (except fluorine), forming oxides, bases, oxyacid anhydrides, etc., the process in general being called <i>oxidation</i>, of which <i>combustion</i> is only an intense modification. At ordinary temperatures with most substances it is moderately active, but at higher temperatures it is one of the most violent and powerful chemical agents known. It is indispensable in respiration, and in general is the most universally active and efficient element. It may be prepared in the pure state by heating potassium chlorate.

    This element (called <i>dephlogisticated air</i> by Priestley) was named <i>oxygen</i> by Lavoisier because he supposed it to be a constituent of all acids. This is not so in the case of a very few acids (as <i>hydrochloric</i>, <i>hydrobromic</i>, <i>hydric sulphide</i>, etc.), but these do contain elements analogous to oxygen in property and action. Moreover, the fact that most elements approach the nearer to <i>acid</i> qualities in proportion as they are combined with more oxygen, shows the great accuracy and breadth of Lavoisier's conception of its nature.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Chlorine used in bleaching.</def> <mark>[Manufacturing name]</mark>

<h1>Oxygenate</h1>
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<hw>Ox"y*gen*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Oxygenated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Oxygenating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>oxyg\'82ner</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To unite, or cause to combine, with oxygen; to treat with oxygen; to oxidize; <as>as, <ex>oxygenated</ex> water (hydrogen dioxide)</as>.</def>

<h1>Oxygenation</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*gen*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>oxyg\'82nation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process of combining or of treating with oxygen; oxidation.</def>

<h1>Oxygenator</h1>
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<hw>Ox"y*gen*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An oxidizer.</def>

<h1>Oxygenic</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, containing, or resembling, oxygen; producing oxygen.</def>

<h1>Oxygenium</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*ge"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The technical name of oxygen.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Oxygenizable</h1>
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<hw>Ox"y*gen*i"za*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Oxidizable.</def>

<h1>Oxygenize</h1>
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<hw>Ox"y*gen*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Oxygenized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Oxygenizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To oxidize.</def>

<h1>Oxygenizement</h1>
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<hw>Ox"y*gen*ize`ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Oxidation.</def>

<h1>Oxygenous</h1>
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<hw>Ox*yg"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Oxygenic.</def>

<h1>Oxygon</h1>
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<hw>Ox"y*gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ sharp + <?/<?/<?/ an angle: cf.F. <ets>oxygone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A triangle having three acute angles.</def>

<h1>Oxygonal, Oxygonial</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ox*yg"o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ox`y*go"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having acute angles.</def>

<i>Barlow.</i>

<h1>OxYh\'91macyanin, Oxyh\'91mocyanin</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ox`Y*h\'91m`a*cy"a*nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ox`y*h\'91m`o*cy"a*nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxy-</ets> <sd>(a)</sd> + <ets>h\'91macyanin</ets>, <ets>h\'91mocyanin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>H\'91macyanin</er>.</def>

<h1>Oxyh\'91moglobin, Oxyhemoglobin</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ox`y*h\'91m`o*glo"bin</hw>, <hw>Ox`y*hem`o*glo"bin</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxy-</ets> <sd>(a)</sd> + <ets>h\'91moglobin</ets>, <ets>hemoglobin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Hemoglobin</er>.</def>

<h1>Oxyhydrogen</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*hy"dro*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxy-</ets> <sd>(a)</sd> + <ets>hydrogen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen; <as>as, <ex>oxyhydrogen</ex> gas</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Oxyhydrogen blowpipe</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Blowpipe</er>.</cd> -- <col>Oxyhydrogen microscope</col>, <cd>a form of microscope arranged so as to use the light produced by burning lime or limestone under a current of oxyhydrogen gas.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oxymel</h1>
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<hw>Ox"y*mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>oxymeli</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/; <?/<?/<?/<?/ acid + <?/<?/<?/ honey.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A mixture of honey, water, vinegar, and spice, boiled to a sirup.</def>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Oxymethylene</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*meth"yl*ene</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxy-</ets> <sd>(a)</sd> + <ets>methylene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Formic aldehyde, regarded as a methylene derivative.</def>

<h1>Oxymoron</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*mo"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/ pointedly foolish; <?/<?/<?/ sharp + <?/<?/<?/ foolish.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure in which an epithet of a contrary signification is added to a word; e. g., <i>cruel kindness</i>; <i>laborious idleness</i>.</def>

<h1>Oxymuriate</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*mu"ri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of the supposed oxymuriatic acid; a chloride.</def>

<cs><col>Oxymuriate of lime</col>, <cd>chloride of lime.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oxymuriatic</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*mu`ri*at"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxy-</ets> <sd>(a)</sd> + <ets>muriatic</ets>:  cf. F. <ets>oxymuriatique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or consisting of, oxygen and muriatic acid, that is, hydrochloric acid.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>

<cs><col>Oxymuriatic acid</col>, <cd>chlorine, formerly so called on the supposition that it was a compound of oxygen and muriatic acid. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Oxyneurine</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*neu"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Betaine</er>.</def>

<h1>Oxyntic</h1>
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<hw>Ox*yn"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to make acid.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Acid; producing acid; -applied especially to certain glands and cells in the stomach.</def>

<h1>Oxyopia, Oxyopy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ox`y*o"pi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ox"y*o`py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>oxyopia</ets>, from Gr. <?/<?/<?/ sharp + <?/<?/<?/ sight.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Excessive acuteness of sight.</def>

<h1>Oxyphenic</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*phe"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxy-</ets> (<ets>b</ets>) + <ets>phenol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, the phenol formerly called <i>oxyphenic acid</i>, and now <i>oxyphenol</i> and <i>pyrocatechin</i>. See <er>Pyrocatechin</er>.</def>

<h1>Oxyphenol</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*phe"nol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A phenol, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, produced by the distillation of catechin; called also <altname>oxyphenic acid</altname>, and now <altname>pyrocatechin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Oxyphony</h1>
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<hw>Ox*yph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ sharp + <?/<?/<?/<?/ voice.]</ety> <def>Acuteness or shrillness of voice.</def>

<h1>Oxyquinoline</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*quin"o*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxy-</ets> <sd>(b)</sd> + <ets>quinoline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Hydroxy quinoline; a phenol derivative of quinoline, -- called also <altname>carbostyril</altname>.</def>

<h1>Oxyrhyncha</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*rhyn"cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.<?/<?/<?/<?/ sharp + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ snout.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The maioid crabs.</def>

<h1>Oxyrrhodine</h1>
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<hw>Ox*yr"rho*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ (sc. <?/<?/<?/); <grk>'oxy`s</grk> acid + <?/<?/<?/<?/ made of roses, <?/<?/<?/<?/ rose.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A mixture of two parts of the oil of roses with one of the vinegar of roses.</def>

<i>Floyer.</i>

<h1>Oxysalt</h1>
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<hw>Ox"y*salt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxy-</ets> <sd>(a)</sd> + <ets>salt</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of an oxyacid, as a sulphate.</def>

<h1>Oxysulphide</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*sul"phide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A ternary compound of oxygen and sulphur.</def>

<h1>Oxysulphuret</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*sul"phu*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oxysulphide.</def> <mark>[Obsolescent]</mark>

<h1>Oxytocic</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*toc"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ sharp, quick + <?/<?/<?/<?/ birth.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Promoting uterine contractions, or parturition.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An oxytocic medicine or agent.</def></def2>

<h1>Oxytoluene</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*tol"u*ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Oxy-</ets> <sd>(a)</sd> + <ets>toluene</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of three hydroxy derivatives of toluene, called the <i>cresols</i>. See <er>Cresol</er>.</def>

<h1>Oxytone</h1>
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<hw>Ox"y*tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/; <?/<?/<?/ sharp + <?/<?/<?/ tone.]</ety> <def>Having an acute sound; <fld>(Gr. Gram.)</fld>, having an acute accent on the last syllable.</def>

<h1>Oxytone</h1>
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<hw>Ox"y*tone</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An acute sound.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gr. Gram.)</fld> <def>A word having the acute accent on the last syllable.</def>

<h1>Oxytonical</h1>
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<hw>Ox`y*ton"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Gr. Gram.)</fld> <def>Oxytone.</def>

<h1>Oyer</h1>
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<hw>O"yer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Anglo F., a hearing, from OF. <ets>o\'8br</ets>, F. <ets>ou\'8br</ets>, to hear, L. <ets>audire</ets>. See <er>Audible</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A hearing or an inspection, as of a deed, bond, etc., <as>as when a defendant in court prays <ex>oyer</ex> of a writing</as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><col>Oyer and terminer</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a term used in England in commissions directed to judges of assize about to hold court, directing them to hear and determine cases brought before them. In the U.S. the phrase is used to designate certain criminal courts.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oyez</h1>
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<hw>O"yez`</hw> <tt>(&omac;y&ecr;s; 277)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Anglo-F. <ets>oyez</ets> hear ye. See <er>Oyer</er>.]</ety> <def>Hear; attend; -- a term used by criers of courts to secure silence before making a proclamation. It is repeated three times.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>oyes</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Oylet</h1>
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<hw>Oy"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Eyelet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>See <er>Eyelet</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Oillet</er>.</def>

<h1>Oynoun</h1>
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<hw>Oy"noun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>Onion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Oyster</h1>
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<hw>Oys"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>oistre</ets>, F. <ets>hu\'8ctre</ets>, L. <ets>ostrea</ets>, <ets>ostreum</ets>,Gr. <?/<?/<?/; prob. akin to <?/<?/<?/ bone, the oyster being so named from its shell. Cf. <er>Osseous</er>, <er>Ostracize</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any marine bivalve mollusk of the genus Ostrea. They are usually found adhering to rocks or other fixed objects in shallow water along the seacoasts, or in brackish water in the mouth of rivers. The common European oyster (<spn>Ostrea edulis</spn>), and the American oyster (<spn>Ostrea Virginiana</spn>), are the most important species.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A name popularly given to the delicate morsel contained in a small cavity of the bone on each side of the lower part of the back of a fowl.</def>

<cs><col>Fresh-water oyster</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of the genus <spn>Etheria</spn>, and allied genera, found in rivers of Africa and South America.  They are irregular in form, and attach themselves to rocks like oysters, but they have a pearly interior, and are allied to the fresh-water mussels.</cd> -- <col>Oyster bed</col>, <cd>a breeding place for oysters; a place in a tidal river or other water on or near the seashore, where oysters are deposited to grow and fatten for market. See lst <er>Scalp</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Oyster catcher</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of wading birds of the genus <spn>H\'91matopus</spn>, which frequent seashores and feed upon shellfish. The European species (<spn>H. ostralegus</spn>), the common American species (<spn>H. palliatus</spn>), and the California, or black, oyster catcher (<spn>H. Bachmani</spn>) are the best known.</cd> -- <col>Oyster crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>a small crab (<spn>Pinnotheres ostreum</spn>) which lives as a commensal in the gill cavity of the oyster.</cd> -- <col>Oyster dredge</col>, <cd>a rake or small dragnet of bringing up oyster from the bottom of the sea.</cd> -- <col>Oyster fish</col>. (<spn>Zo\'94l</spn>.) <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The tautog.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The toadfish.</cd> -- <col>Oyster plant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A plant of the genus <spn>Tragopogon</spn> (<spn>T. porrifolius</spn>), the root of which, when cooked, somewhat resembles the oyster in taste; salsify;</cd> -- called also <altname>vegetable oyster</altname>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A plant found on the seacoast of Northern Europe, America and Asia (<spn>Mertensia maritima</spn>), the fresh leaves of which have a strong flavor of oysters.</cd> -- <col>Oyster plover</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Oyster catcher</cref>, above.</cd> -- <col>Oyster shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the shell of an oyster.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Oyster wench</col>, <col>Oyster wife</col>, <col>Oyster women</col></mcol>, <cd>a women who deals in oysters.</cd> -- <col>Pearl oyster</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Pearl</er>.</cd> -- <col>Thorny oyster</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any spiny marine shell of the genus <spn>Spondylus</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Oyster</green</h1>
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<hw>Oys"ter<?/green`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A green membranous seaweed (<spn>Ulva</spn>) often found growing on oysters but common on stones, piles, etc.</def>

<h1>Oystering</h1>
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<hw>Oys"ter*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Gathering, or dredging for, oysters.</def>

<h1>Oysterling</h1>
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<hw>Oys"ter*ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young oyster.</def>

<hr>
<page="1028">
Page 1028<p>

<h1>Ozona</h1>
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<hw>O*zo"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>ozaena</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to smell.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A discharge of fetid matter from the nostril, particularly if associated with ulceration of the soft parts and disease of the bones of the nose.</def>

<h1>Ozocerite</h1>
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<hw>O`zo*ce"rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to smell + <?/ wax.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A waxlike mineral resin; -- sometimes called <altname>native paraffin</altname>, and <altname>mineral wax</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ozonation</h1>
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<hw>O`zo*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act of treating with ozone; also, the act of converting into, or producing, ozone; ozonization.</def>

<h1>Ozone</h1>
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<hw>O"zone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ smelling, p. pr. of <?/ to smell. See <er>Odor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless gaseous substance (O<?/) obtained (as by the silent discharge of electricity in oxygen) as an allotropic form of oxygen, containing three atoms in the molecule. It is a streng oxidizer, and probably exists in the air, though by he ordinary tests it is liable to be confused with certain other substances, as hydrogen dioxide, or certain oxides of nitrogen. It derives its name from its peculiar odor, which resembles that of weak chlorine.</def>

<h1>Ozonic</h1>
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<hw>O*zon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, ozone.</def>

<h1>Ozonification</h1>
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<hw>O*zo`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ozone</ets> + L. <ets>-ficare</ets> to make. See <er>fy</er>. ]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process of producing, or of subjecting to the action of, ozone.</def>

<h1>Ozonization</h1>
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<hw>O`zo*ni*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Ozonation.</def>

<h1>Ozonize</h1>
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<hw>O"zo*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ozonized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ozonizing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To convert into ozone, as oxygen.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To treat with ozone.</def>

<h1>Ozonizer</h1>
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<hw>O"zo*ni`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus or agent for the production or application of ozone.</def>

<h1>Ozonometer</h1>
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<hw>O`zo*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ozone</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for ascertaining the amount of ozone in the atmosphere, or in any gaseous mixture.</def>

<i>Faraday.</i>

<h1>Ozonometric</h1>
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<hw>O`zo*no*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or used for, the determination of the amount of ozone; of or relating to ozonometry.</def>

<h1>Ozonometry</h1>
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<hw>O`zo*nom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The measurement or determination of the quantity of ozone.</def>

<h1>Ozonoscope</h1>
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<hw>O*zo"no*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ozone</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus employed to indicate the presence, or the amount, of ozone.</def>

<h1>Ozonoscopic</h1>
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<hw>O*zo`no*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ozone</ets> + Gr. <?/ to view.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Serving to indicate the presence or the amount of ozone.</def>

<h1>Ozonous</h1>
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<hw>O"zo*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to or containing, ozone.</def>

<hr>
<page="1029">
Page 1029<p>

<h1>Pack</h1>
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<hw>Pack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Packed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Packing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>pakken</ets>, G. <ets>packen</ets>, Dan. <ets>pakke</ets>, Sw. <ets>packa</ets>, Icel. <ets>pakka</ets>. See <er>Pack</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a pack of; to arrange closely and securely in a pack; hence, to place and arrange compactly as in a pack; to press into close order or narrow compass; as to <i>pack</i> goods in a box; to <i>pack</i> fish.</def>

<blockquote>Strange materials <b>packed</b> up with wonderful art.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Where . . . the bones
Of all my buried ancestors are <b>packed</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fill in the manner of a pack, that is, compactly and securely, as for transportation; hence, to fill closely or to repletion; to stow away within; to cause to be full; to crowd into; <as>as, to <ex>pack</ex> a trunk; the play, or the audience, <ex>packs</ex> the theater.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To sort and arrange (the cards) in a pack so as to secure the game unfairly.</def>

<blockquote>And mighty dukes <b>pack</b> cards for half a crown.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Hence: To bring together or make up unfairly and fraudulently, in order to secure a certain result; <as>as, to <ex>pack</ex> a jury or a causes</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The expected council was dwindling into . . . a <b>packed</b> assembly of Italian bishops.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To contrive unfairly or fraudulently; to plot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote> He lost life . . . upon a nice point subtilely devised and <b>packed</b> by his enemies.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To load with a pack; hence, to load; to encumber; <as>as, to <ex>pack</ex> a horse</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Our thighs <b>packed</b> with wax, our mouths with honey.
<i>Shack.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To cause to go; to send away with baggage or belongings; esp., to send away peremptorily or suddenly; -- sometimes with <i>off</i>; <as>as, to <ex>pack</ex> a boy off to school</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . must not die

<blockquote>Till George be <b>packed</b> with post horse up to heaven.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To transport in a pack, or in the manner of a pack (<it>i. e.</it>, on the backs of men or beasts).</def> <mark>[Western U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Hydropathy)</fld> <def>To envelop in a wet or dry sheet, within numerous coverings. See <er>Pack</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>To render impervious, as by filling or surrounding with suitable material, or to fit or adjust so as to move without giving passage to air, water, or steam; <as>as, to <ex>pack</ex> a joint; to <ex>pack</ex> the piston of a steam engine.</as></def>

<h1>Pack</h1>
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<hw>Pack</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make up packs, bales, or bundles; to stow articles securely for transportation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To admit of stowage, or of making up for transportation or storage; to become compressed or to settle together, so as to form a compact mass; <as>as, the goods <ex>pack</ex> conveniently; wet snow <ex>packs</ex> well.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To gather in flocks or schools; <as>as, the grouse or the perch begin to <ex>pack</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To depart in haste; -- generally with <i>off</i> or <i>away</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Poor Stella must <b>pack</b> off to town
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You shall <b>pack</b>,
And never more darken my doors again.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To unite in bad measures; to confederate for ill purposes; to join in collusion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Go <i>pack</i> with him."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>To send packing</col>, <cd>to drive away; to send off roughly or in disgrace; to dismiss unceremoniously. "The parliament . . . presently <i>sent<i> him <i>packing<i>.</cd></cs>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Package</h1>
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<hw>Pack"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act or process of packing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bundle made up for transportation; a packet; a bale; a parcel; <as>as, a <ex>package</ex> of goods</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A charge made for packing goods.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A duty formerly charged in the port of London on goods imported or exported by aliens, or by denizens who were the sons of aliens.</def>

<h1>Packer</h1>
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<hw>Pack"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person whose business is to pack things; especially, one who packs food for preservation; <as>as, a pork <ex>packer</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Packet</h1>
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<hw>Pack"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>paquet</ets>, dim. fr. LL. <ets>paccus</ets>, from the same source as E. <ets>pack</ets>. See <er>Pack</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; <as>as, a <ex>packet</ex> of letters</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey dispatches or mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying dispatches, mails, passengers, and goods, and having fixed days of sailing; a mail boat.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Packet boat</col>, <col>ship</col>, &or; <col>vessel</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Packet</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Packet day</col>, <cd>the day for mailing letters to go by packet; or the sailing day.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Packet note</col> &or; <col>post</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Paper</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Packet</h1>
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<hw>Pack"et</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Packeted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Packeting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make up into a packet or bundle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To send in a packet or dispatch vessel.</def>

<blockquote>Her husband
Was <b>packeted</b> to France.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Packet</h1>
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<hw>Pack"et</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To ply with a packet or dispatch boat.</def>

<h1>Packfong</h1>
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<hw>Pack"fong`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Chin. <ets>peh tung</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A Chinese alloy of nickel, zinc, and copper, resembling German silver.</def>

<h1>Pack herse</h1>
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<hw>Pack herse</hw>. <def>See under 2d <er>Pack</er>.</def>

<h1>Packhouse</h1>
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<hw>Pack"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Warehouse for storing goods.</def>

<h1>Packing</h1>
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<hw>Pack"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of one who packs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any material used to pack, fill up, or make close.</def> Specifically <fld>(Mach.)</fld>: <def>A substance or piece used to make a joint impervious</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A thin layer, or sheet, of yielding or elastic material inserted between the surfaces of a flange joint</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The substance in a stuffing box, through which a piston rod slides</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A yielding ring, as of metal, which surrounds a piston and maintains a tight fit, as inside a cylinder, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Filling</er>.</def> <mark>[Rare in the U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A trick; collusion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<cs><col>Cherd packing</col> <fld>(Bridge Building)</fld>, <cd>the arrangement, side by side, of several parts, as bars, diagonals, a post, etc., on a pin at the bottom of a chord. <i>Waddell</i>.</cd> -- <col>Packing box</col>, <cd>a stuffing box. See under <er>Stuffing</er>.</cd> -- <col>Packing press</col>, <cd>a powerful press for baling cotton, wool, hay, etc.</cd> -- <col>Packing ring</col>. <cd>See <er>Packing</er>, 2 <sd>(c)</sd>, and <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Piston</er>.</cd> -- <col>Packing sheet</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A large cloth for packing goods</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A sheet prepared for packing hydropathic patients.</cd></cs>

<h1>Packman</h1>
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<hw>Pack"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Packmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who bears a pack; a peddler.</def>

<h1>Pack saddle, Pack thread</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pack saddle</hw>, <hw>Pack thread</hw><hw>. <def>See under 2d <er>Pack</er>.</def>

<h1>Packwax</h1>
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<hw>Pack"wax`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Paxwax</er>.</def>

<h1>Packway</h1>
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<hw>Pack"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A path, as over mountains, followed by pack animals.</def>

<h1>Paco, Pacos</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pa"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pa"cos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>paco</ets>, fr. Peruv. <ets>paco</ets>. Cf. <er>Alpaca</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Alpaca</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Peruv. <ets>paco</ets>, <ets>pacu</ets>, red, reddish, reddish ore containing silver; perh. a different word.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An earthy-looking ore, consisting of brown oxide of iron with minute particles of native silver.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Pact</h1>
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<hw>Pact</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pactum</ets>, fr. <ets>paciscere</ets> to make a bargain or contract, fr. <ets>pacere</ets> to settle, or agree upon; cf. <ets>pangere</ets> to fasten, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>p\'beca</ets> bond, and E. <ets>fang</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pacie</ets>. Cf. <er>Peace</er>, <er>Fadge</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>An agreement; a league; a compact; a covenant.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>The engagement and <b>pact</b> of society whish goes by the name of the constitution.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paction</h1>
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<hw>Pac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pactio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>paction</ets>. See <er>Pact</er>.]</ety> <def>An agreement; a compact; a bargain.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Pactional</h1>
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<hw>Pac"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of, or by means of, a paction.</def>

<i>Bp. Sanderson.</i>

<h1>Pactitious</h1>
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<hw>Pac*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pactitius</ets>, <ets>pacticius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Setted by a pact, or agreement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Pactolian</h1>
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<hw>Pac*to"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the Pactolus, a river in ancient Lydia famous for its golden sands.</def>

<h1>Pacu</h1>
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<hw>Pa"cu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American freah-water fish (<spn>Myleies pacu</spn>), of the family <spn>Characinid\'91</spn>. It is highly esteemed as food.</def>

<h1>Pad</h1>
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<hw>Pad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>pad</ets>. &root;21. See <er>Path</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A footpath; a road.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An easy-paced horse; a padnag.</def>

<i>Addison</i>

<blockquote>An abbot on an ambling <b>pad</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A robber that infests the road on foot; a highwayman; -- usually called a <altname>footpad</altname>.</def>

<i>Gay. Byron.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of robbing on the highway.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pad</h1>
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<hw>Pad</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To travel upon foot; to tread.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Padding</b> the streets for half a crown.
<i>Somerville.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pad</h1>
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<hw>Pad</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To travel heavily or slowly.</def>

<i>Bunyan.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rob on foot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotton Mather.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To wear a path by walking.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Pad</h1>
<Xpage=1029>

<hw>Pad</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. akin to <ets>pod</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A soft, or small, cushion; a mass of anything soft; stuffing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of cushion for writing upon, or for blotting; esp., one formed of many flat sheets of writing paper, or layers of blotting paper; a block of paper.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A cushion used as a saddle without a tree or frame.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A stuffed guard or protection; esp., one worn on the legs of horses to prevent bruising.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cushionlike thickening of the skin one the under side of the toes of animals.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A floating leaf of a water lily or similar plant.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A soft bag or cushion to relieve pressure, support a part, etc.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of timber fixed on a beam to fit the curve of the deck.</def>

<i>W. C. Russel.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A measure for fish; <as>as, sixty mackerel go to a <ex>pad</ex></as>; a basket of soles.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<cs><col>Pad cloth</col>, <cd>a saddlecloth; a housing.</cd> -- <col>Pad saddle</col>. <cd>See def. 3, above.</cd> -- <col>Pad tree</col> <fld>(Harness Making)</fld>, <cd>a piece of wood or metal which gives rigidity and shape to a harness pad.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Pad</h1>
<Xpage=1029>

<hw>Pad</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Padded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Padding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stuff; to furnish with a pad or padding.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Calico Printing)</fld> <def>To imbue uniformly with a mordant; <as>as, to <ex>pad</ex> cloth</as>.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Padar</h1>
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<hw>Pad"ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Groats; coarse flour or meal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir. H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Padder</h1>
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<hw>Pad"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, pads.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A highwayman; a footpad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Padding</h1>
<Xpage=1029>

<hw>Pad"ding</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of making a pad or of inserting stuffing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The material with which anything is padded.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Material of inferior value, serving to extend a book, essay, etc.</def>

<i>London Sat. Rev.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Calico Printing)</fld> <def>The uniform impregnation of cloth with a mordant.</def>

<h1>Paddle</h1>
<Xpage=1029>

<hw>Pad"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Prob. for <ets>pattle</ets>, and a dim. of <ets>pat</ets>, v.; cf. also E. <ets>pad</ets> to tread, Prov. G. <ets>paddeln</ets>, <ets>padden</ets>, to walk with short steps, to paddle, G. <ets>patschen</ets> to splash, dash, dabble, F. <ets>patouiller</ets> to dabble, splash, fr. <ets>patte</ets> a paw. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To use the hands or fingers in toying; to make caressing strokes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dabble in water with hands or feet; to use a paddle, or something which serves as a paddle, in swimming, in paddling a boat, etc.</def>

<blockquote>As the men were <b>paddling</b> for their lives.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>While <b>paddling</b> ducks the standing lake desire.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paddle</h1>
<Xpage=1029>

<hw>Pad"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Paddled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Paddling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pat or stroke amorously, or gently.</def>

<blockquote>To be <b>paddling</b> palms and pinching fingers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To propel with, or as with, a paddle or paddles.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pad; to tread upon; to trample.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Paddle</h1>
<Xpage=1029>

<hw>Pad"dle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Paddle</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An implement with a broad blade, which is used without a fixed fulcrum in propelling and steering canoes and boats.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The broad part of a paddle, with which the stroke is made; hence, any short, broad blade, resembling that of a paddle.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt have a <b>paddle</b> upon thy weapon.
<i>Deut. xxiii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of the broad boards, or floats, at the circumference of a water wheel, or paddle wheel.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A small gate in sluices or lock gates to admit or let off water; -- also called <altname>clough</altname>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A paddle-shaped foot, as of the sea turtle.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A paddle-shaped implement for string or mixing.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <ety>[In this sense prob. for older <ets>spaddle</ets>, <ets>a dim</ets>. <ets>of spade</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <cref>Paddle staff</cref> (b), below.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>Paddle beam</col> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>one of two large timbers supporting the spring beam and paddle box of a steam vessel.</cd> -- <col>Paddle board</col>. <cd>See <er>Paddle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Paddle box</col>, <cd>the structure inclosing the upper part of the paddle wheel of a steam vessel.</cd> -- <col>Paddle shaft</col>, <cd>the revolving shaft which carries the paddle wheel of a steam vessel.</cd> -- <col>Paddle staff</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A staff tipped with a broad blade, used by mole catchers.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A long-handled spade used to clean a plowshare; -- called also <altname>plow staff</altname>.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Paddle steamer</col>, <cd>a steam vessel propelled by paddle wheels, in distinction from a screw propeller.</cd> -- <col>Paddle wheel</col>, <cd>the propelling wheel of a steam vessel, having paddles (or floats) on its circumference, and revolving in a vertical plane parallel to the vessel's length.</cd></cs>

<h1>Paddlecock</h1>
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<hw>Pad"dle*cock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lumpfish.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Paddlefish</h1>
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<hw>Pad"dle*fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A large ganoid fish (<spn>Polyodon spathula</spn>) found in the rivers of the Mississippi Valley. It has a long spatula-shaped snout. Called also <altname>duck-billed cat</altname>, and <altname>spoonbill sturgeon</altname>.</def>

<h1>Padder</h1>
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<hw>Pad"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, paddles.</def>

<h1>Paddlewood</h1>
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<hw>Pad"dle*wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The light elastic wood of the <spn>Aspidosperma excelsum</spn>, a tree of Guiana having a fluted trunk readily split into planks.</def>

<h1>Paddock</h1>
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<hw>Pad"dock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>padde</ets> toad, frog + <ets>-ock</ets>; akin to D. <ets>pad</ets>, <ets>padde</ets>, toad, Icel. & Sw. <ets>padda</ets>, Dan. <ets>padde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A toad or frog.</def> <i>Wyclif</i>. "Loathed <i>paddocks</i>."  <i>Spenser</i>

<cs><col>Paddock pipe</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a hollow-stemmed plant of the genus <spn>Equisetum</spn>, especially <spn>E. limosum</spn> and the fruiting stems of <spn>E. arvense</spn>; -- called also <altname>padow pipe</altname> and <altname>toad pipe</altname>. See <er>Equisetum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Paddock stone</col>. <cd>See <er>Toadstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Paddock stool</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,<cd>a toadstool.</cd></cs>

<h1>Paddock</h1>
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<hw>Pad"dock</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>parrock</ets>. See <er>Parrock</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A small inclosure or park for sporting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small inclosure for pasture; esp., one adjoining a stable.</def>

<i>Evelyn. Cowper.</i>

<h1>Paddy</h1>
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<hw>Pad"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>paddy</ets> worm-eaten.]</ety> <def>Low; mean; boorish; vagabond.</def> "Such <i>pady</i> persons." <i>Digges (1585)</i>. "The <i>paddy</i> persons." <i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Paddy</h1>
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<hw>Pad"dy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Paddies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Corrupted fr. St. <ets>Patrick</ets>, the tutelar saint of Ireland.]</ety> <def>A jocose or contemptuous name for an Irishman.</def>

<h1>Paddy</h1>
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<hw>Pad"dy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Either fr. Canarese <ets>bhatta</ets> or Malay <ets>p\'bed\'c6</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Unhusked rice; -- commonly so called in the East Indies.</def>

<cs><col>Paddy bird</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Java sparrow</cref>, under <er>Java</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Padelion</h1>
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<hw>Pad`e*li"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pas de lion</ets>on's foot.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant with pedately lobed leaves; the lady's mantle.</def>

<h1>Padella</h1>
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<hw>Pa*del"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., prop., a pan, a friing pan, fr. L. <ets>patella</ets> a pan.]</ety> <def>A large cup or deep saucer, containing fatty matter in which a wick is placed, -- used for public illuminations, as at St. Peter's, in Rome. Called also <altname>padelle</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pademelon</h1>
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<hw>Pad`e*mel"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Wallaby</er>.</def>

<h1>Padesoy</h1>
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<hw>Pad"e*soy`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Paduasoy</er>.</def>

<h1>Padge</h1>
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<hw>Padge</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The barn owl; -- called also <altname>pudge</altname>, and <altname>pudge owl</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Padishah</h1>
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<hw>Pa`di*shah"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>p\'bedish\'beh</ets>. Cf. <er>Pasha</er>.]</ety> <def>Chief ruler; monarch; sovereign; -- a title of the Sultan of Turkey, and of the Shah of Persia.</def>

<h1>Padlock</h1>
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<hw>Pad"lock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. orig., a lock for a <ets>pad</ets> gate, or a gate opening to a <ets>path</ets>, or perh., a lock for a basket or pannier, and from Prov. E. <ets>pad</ets> a pannier. Cf. <er>Pad</er> a path, <er>Paddler</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A portable lock with a bow which is usually jointed or pivoted at one end so that it can be opened, the other end being fastened by the bolt, -- used for fastening by passing the bow through a staple over a hasp or through the links of a chain, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: A curb; a restraint.</def>

<h1>Padlock</h1>
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<hw>Pad"lock`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Padlocked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Padlocking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To fasten with, or as with, a padlock; to stop; to shut; to confine as by a padlock.</def>

<i>Milton. Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Padnag</h1>
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<hw>Pad"nag`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[lst <ets>pad + nag</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ambling nag.</def> "An easy <i>padnag</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Padow</h1>
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<hw>Pad"ow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A paddock, or toad.</def>

<cs><col>Padow pipe</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Paddock pipe</cref>, under <er>Paddock</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Padrone</h1>
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<hw>Pa*dro"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. It. <plw>Padroni</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Padrones</plw></plu>. <ety>[It. See <er>Patron</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A patron; a protector.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The master of a small coaster in the Mediterranean.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A man who imports, and controls the earnings of, Italian laborers, street musicians, etc.</def>

<h1>Paduasoy</h1>
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<hw>Pad`u*a*soy"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Padua</ets>, in Italy + F. <ets>soie</ets> silk; or cf. F. <ets>pou-de-soie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A rich and heavy silk stuff.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>padesoy</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Paducahs</h1>
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<hw>Pa*du"cahs</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Paducah</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Comanches</er>.</def>

<h1>P\'91an</h1>
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<hw>P\'91"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paean</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ the physician of the gods, later, Apollo. Cf. <er>P\'91on</er>, <er>Peony</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pean</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ancient Greek hymn in honor of Apollo as a healing deity, and, later, a song addressed to other deities.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any loud and joyous song; a song of triumph.</def> <i>Dryden</i>. "Public <i>p\'91ans</i> of congratulation."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>See <er>P\'91on</er>.</def>

<h1>P\'91dobaptism</h1>
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<hw>P\'91`do*bap"tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pedobaptism.</def>

<hr>
<page="1030">
Page 1030<p>

<h1>P\'91dogenesis</h1>
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<hw>P\'91`do*gen"esis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, child + E. <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Reproduction by young or larval animals.</def>

<h1>P\'91dogenetic</h1>
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<hw>P\'91`do*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Producing young while in the immature or larval state; -- said of certain insects, etc.</def>

<h1>P\'91on</h1>
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<hw>P\'91"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paeon</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a solemn song, also, a p\'91on, equiv. to <?/. See <er>P\'91an</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Poet.)</fld> <def>A foot of four syllables, one long and three short, admitting of four combinations, according to the place of the long syllable.</def> <altsp>[Written also, less correctly, <asp>p\'91an</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>P\'91onine</h1>
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<hw>P\'91"o*nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An artifical red nitrogenous dyestuff, called also <altname>red coralline</altname>.</def>

<h1>P\'91ony</h1>
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<hw>P\'91"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Peony</er>.</def>

<h1>Pagan</h1>
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<hw>Pa"gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paganus</ets> a countryman, peasant, villager, a pagan, fr. <ets>paganus</ets> of or pertaining to the country, rustic, also, pagan, fr. <ets>pagus</ets> a district, canton, the country, perh. orig., a district with fixed boundaries: cf. <ets>pangere</ets> to fasten. Cf. <er>Painim</er>, <er>Peasant</er>, and <er>Pact</er>, also <er>Heathen</er>.]</ety> <def>One who worships false goods; an idolater; a heathen; one who is neither a Christian, a Mohammedan, nor a Jew.</def>

<blockquote>Neither having the accent of Christians, nor the gait of Christian, <b>pagan</b>, nor man.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Gentile; heathen; idolater.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Pagan</er>, <er>Gentile</er>, <er>Heathen</er>. <i>Gentile</i> was applied to the other nations of the earth as distinguished from the Jews. <i>Pagan</i> was the name given to idolaters in the early Christian church, because the <i>villagers</i>, being most remote from the centers of instruction, remained for a long time unconverted. <i>Heathen</i> has the same origin. <i>Pagan</i> is now more properly applied to rude and uncivilized idolaters, while <i>heathen</i> embraces all who practice idolatry.</usage>

<h1>Pagan</h1>
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<hw>Pa"gan</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paganus</ets> of or pertaining to the country, pagan. See <er>Pagan</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to pagans; relating to the worship or the worshipers of false goods; heathen; idolatrous, <as>as, <ex>pagan</ex> tribes or superstitions</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And all the rites of <b>pagan</b> honor paid.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pagandom</h1>
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<hw>Pa"gan*dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The pagan lands; pagans, collectively; paganism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Paganic, Paganical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pa*gan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pa*gan"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to pagans or paganism; heathenish; paganish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>paganic</i> fables of the goods." <i>Cudworth</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Pa*gan"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Paganish</h1>
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<hw>Pa"gan*ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to pagans; heathenish.</def> "The old <i>paganish</i> idolatry."

<i>Sharp</i>

<h1>Paganism</h1>
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<hw>Pa"gan*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paganismus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>paganisme</ets>. See <er>Pagan</er>, and cf. <er>Painim</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being pagan; pagan characteristics; esp., the worship of idols or false gods, or the system of religious opinions and worship maintained by pagans; heathenism.</def>

<h1>Paganity</h1>
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<hw>Pa*gan"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Paganitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being a pagan; paganism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Paganize</h1>
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<hw>Pa"gan*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Paganized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Paganizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To render pagan or heathenish; to convert to paganism.</def>

<i>Hallywell.</i>

<h1>Paganize</h1>
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<hw>Pa"gan*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To behave like pagans.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Paganly</h1>
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<hw>Pa"gan*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pagan manner.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Page</h1>
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<hw>Page</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>paggio</ets>, LL. <ets>pagius</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/, <?/, a boy, servant; perh. akin to L. <ets>puer</ets>. Cf. <er>Pedagogue</er>, <er>Puerile</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A serving boy; formerly, a youth attending a person of high degree, especially at courts, as a position of honor and education; now commonly, in England, a youth employed for doin errands, waiting on the door, and similar service in households; in the United States, a boy emploed to wait upon the members of a legislative body.</def>

<blockquote>He had two <b>pages</b> of honor -- on either hand one.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A boy child.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A contrivance, as a band, pin, snap, or the like, to hold the skirt of a woman's dress from the ground.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Brickmaking.)</fld> <def>A track along which pallets carrying newly molded bricks are conveyed to the hack.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of beautiful South American moths of the genus <spn>Urania</spn>.</def>

<h1>Page</h1>
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<hw>Page</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To attend (one) as a page.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Page</h1>
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<hw>Page</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>pagina</ets>; prob. akin to <ets>pagere</ets>, <ets>pangere</ets>, to fasten, fix, make, the pages or leaves being fastened together. Cf. <er>Pact</er>, <er>Pageant</er>, <er>Pagination</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One side of a leaf of a book or manuscript.</def>

<blockquote>Such was the book from whose <b>pages</b> she sang.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: A record; a writing; <as>as, the <ex>page</ex> of history</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The type set up for printing a page.</def>

<h1>Page</h1>
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<hw>Page</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Paged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Paging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To mark or number the pages of, as a book or manuskript; to furnish with folios.</def>

<h1>Pageant</h1>
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<hw>Pag"eant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pagent</ets>, <ets>pagen</ets>, originally, a movable scaffold or stage, hence, what was exhibited on it, fr. LL. <ets>pagina</ets>, akin to <ets>pangere</ets> to fasten; cf. L. <ets>pagina</ets> page, leaf, slab, <ets>compaginare</ets> to join together, <ets>compages</ets> a joining together, structure. See <er>Pact</er>, <er>Page</er> of a book.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A theatrical exhibition; a spectacle.</def> "A <i>pageant</i> truly played."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>To see sad <b>pageants</b> of men's miseries.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An elaborate exhibition devised for the entertainmeut of a distinguished personage, or of the public; a show, spectacle, or display.</def>

<blockquote>The gaze of fools, and <b>pageant</b> of a day !
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We love the man, the paltry <b>pageant</b> you.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pageant</h1>
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<hw>Pag"eant</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of a pageant; spectacular.</def> "<i>Pageant</i> pomp."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Pageant</h1>
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<hw>Pag"eant</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exhibit in show; to represent; to mimic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "He <i>pageants</i> us."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pageantry</h1>
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<hw>Pag"eant*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Scenic shows or spectacles, taken collectivelly; spectacular guality; splendor.</def>

<blockquote>Such <b>pageantry</b> be to the people shown.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>pageantry</b> of festival.
<i>J. A. Symonds.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Pomp; parade; show; display; spectacle.</syn>

<h1>Pagehood</h1>
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<hw>Page"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a page.</def>

<h1>Pagina</h1>
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<hw>Pag"i*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pagin\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The surface of a leaf or of a flattened thallus.</def>

<h1>Paginal</h1>
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<hw>Pag"i*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paginalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of pages.</def> "<i>Paginal</i> books."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Pagination</h1>
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<hw>Pag`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of paging a book; also, the characters used in numbering the pages; page number.</def>

<i>Lowndes.</i>

<h1>Paging</h1>
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<hw>Pa"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The marking or numbering of the pages of a book.</def>

<h1>Pagod</h1>
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<hw>Pa"god</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pagode</ets>. See <er>Pagoda</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A pagoda. <mark>[R.]</mark> "Or some queer <i>pagod</i>."</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An idol.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i>

<h1>Pagoda</h1>
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<hw>Pa*go"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>pagoda</ets>, <ets>pagode</ets>, fr.Hind. & Per. <ets>but-kadah</ets> a house of idols, or abode of God; Per. <ets>but</ets> an idol + <ets>kadah</ets> a house, a temple.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A term by which Europeans designate religious temples and tower-like buildings of the Hindoos and Buddhists of India, Farther India, China, and Japan, -- usually but not always, devoted to idol worship.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An idol.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Prob. so named from the image of a pagoda or a deity (cf. Skr. <ets>bhagavat</ets> holy, divine) stamped on it.]</ety> <def>A gold or silver coin, of various kinds and values, formerly current in India. The Madras gold pagoda was worth about three and a half rupees.</def>

<h1>Pagodite</h1>
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<hw>Pa*go"dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Agalmatolite; -- so called because sometimes carved by the Chinese into the form of pagodas. See <er>Agalmatolite</er>.</def>

<h1>Paguma</h1>
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<hw>Pa*gu"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of East Indian viverrine mammals of the genus <spn>Paguma</spn>. They resemble a weasel in form.</def>

<h1>Pagurian</h1>
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<hw>Pa*gu"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pagurus</ets> a kind of crab, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of a tribe of anomuran crustaceans, of which <spn>Pagurus</spn> is a type; the hermit crab. See <cref>Hermit crab</cref>, under <er>Hermit</er>.</def>

<h1>Pah</h1>
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<hw>Pah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>An exclamation expressing disgust or contempt. See <er>Bah</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Fie! fie! fie! <b>pah</b>! <b>pah</b>! Give me an ounce of civet, good apothecary, to sweeten my imagination.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pah</h1>
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<hw>Pah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From native name.]</ety> <def>A kind of stockaded intrenchment.</def> <mark>[New Zealand.]</mark>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Pahi</h1>
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<hw>Pa"hi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A large war canoe of the Society Islands.</def>

<h1>Pahlevi</h1>
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<hw>Pah"le*vi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Pehlevi</er>.</def>

<h1>Pahoehoe</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ho"e*ho`e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A name given in the Sandwich Islands to lava having a relatively smooth surface, in distinction from the rough-surfaced lava, called <i>a-a</i>.</def><-- Sandwich islands = Hawaii -->

<h1>PahUtes</h1>
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<hw>Pah"*Utes`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Utes</er>.</def>

<h1>Paid</h1>
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<hw>Paid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp., p. p., & a.</tt> of <er>Pay</er>.  <p><b>1.</b> <def>Receiving pay; compensated; hired; <as>as, a <ex>paid</ex> attorney</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Satisfied; contented.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Paid</i> of his poverty."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Paideutics</h1>
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<hw>Pai*deu"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to teach, fr. <ets><?/</ets>,<ets><?/</ets>, a boy.]</ety> <def>The science or art of teaching.</def>

<h1>Paien</h1>
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<hw>Pai"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <def>Pagan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Paigle</h1>
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<hw>Pai"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of <i>Primula</i>, either the cowslip or the primrose.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pagle</asp>, <asp>pagil</asp>, <asp>peagle</asp>, and <asp>pygil</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Paijama</h1>
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<hw>Pai*ja"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pyjama.</def>

<h1>Pail</h1>
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<hw>Pail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>paile</ets>, AS. <ets>p\'91gel</ets> a wine vessel, a pail, akin to D. & G. <ets>pegel</ets> a watermark, a gauge rod, a measure of wine, Dan. <ets>p\'91gel</ets> half a pint.]</ety> <def>A vessel of wood or tin, etc., usually cylindrical and having a bail, -- used esp. for carrying liquids, as water or milk, etc.; a bucket. It may, or may not, have a cover.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pailful</h1>
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<hw>Pail"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pailfuls</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The quantity that a pail will hold.</def> "By <i>pailfuls</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Paillasse</h1>
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<hw>Pail*lasse"</hw> <tt>(?; F. <?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>paille</ets> straw. See <er>Pallet</er> a bed.]</ety> <def>An under bed or mattress of straw.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>palliasse</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pailmall</h1>
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<hw>Pail`mall"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <def>See <er>Pall-mall</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pain</h1>
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<hw>Pain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>peine</ets>, F. <ets>peine</ets>, fr. L. <ets>poena</ets>, penalty, punishment, torment, pain; akin to Gr. <ets><?/</ets> penalty. Cf. <er>Penal</er>, <er>Pine</er> to languish, <er>Punish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Punishment suffered or denounced; suffering or evil inflicted as a punishment for crime, or connected with the commission of a crime; penalty.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>We will, by way of mulct or <b>pain</b>, lay it upon him.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Interpose, on <b>pain</b> of my displeasure.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>None shall presume to fly, under <b>pain</b> of death.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any uneasy sensation in animal bodies, from slight uneasiness to extreme distress or torture, proceeding from a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence; bodily distress; bodily suffering; an ache; a smart.</def> "The <i>pain</i> of Jesus Christ."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Pain</i> may occur in any part of the body where sensory nerves are distributed, and it is always due to some kind of stimulation of them. The sensation is generally referred to the peripheral end of the nerve.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Specifically, the throes or travail of childbirth.</def>

<blockquote>She bowed herself and travailed, for her <b>pains</b> came upon her.
<i>1 Sam. iv. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Uneasiness of mind; mental distress; disquietude; anxiety; grief; solicitude; anguish.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>In rapture as in <b>pain</b>.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>See <er>Pains</er>, labor, effort.</def>

<cs><col>Bill of pains and penalties</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bill</er>.</cd> -- <col>To die in the pain</col>, <cd>to be tortured to death. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer.</i></cd></cs>

<h1>Pain</h1>
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<hw>Pain</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Paining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>peinen</ets>, OF. <ets>pener</ets>, F. <ets>peiner</ets> to fatigue. See <er>Pain</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To inflict suffering upon as a penalty; to punish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif (Acts xxii. 5).</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put to bodily uneasiness or anguish; to afflict with uneasy sensations of any degree of intensity; to torment; to torture; <as>as, his dinner or his wound <ex>pained</ex> him; his stomach <ex>pained</ex> him.</as></def>

<blockquote>Excess of cold, as well as heat, <b>pains</b> us.
<i>Lock<?/</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to distress; to grieve; as a child's faults <i>pain</i> his parents.</def>

<blockquote>I am <b>pained</b> at m<?/ very heart.
<i>Jer. iv. 19.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To pain one's self</col>, <cd>to exert or trouble one's self; to take pains; to be solicitous. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "She <i>pained her<i> to do all that she might."</cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To disquiet; trouble; afflict; grieve; aggrieve; distress; agonize; torment; torture.</syn>

<h1>Painable</h1>
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<hw>Pain"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82nible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing pain; painful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The manacles of Astyages were not . . . the less weighty and <b>painable</b> for being composed of gold or silver.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Painful</h1>
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<hw>Pain"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of pain; causing uneasiness or distress, either physical or mental; afflictive; disquieting; distressing</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Requiring labor or toil; difficult; executed with laborious effort; as a <i>painful</i> service; a <i>painful</i> march.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Painstaking; careful; industrious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<blockquote>A very <b>painful</b> person, and a great clerk.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor must the <b>painful</b> husbandman be tired.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Disquieting; troublesome; afflictive; distressing; grievous; laborious; toilsome; difficult; arduous. -- <wordforms><wf>Pain"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pain"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></syn></wordforms>

<h1>Painim</h1>
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<hw>Pai"nim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[OE. <ets>painime</ets> pagans, paganism, fr. OF. <ets>paienisme</ets> paganism, LL. <ets>paganismus</ets>. See <er>Paganism</er>, <er>Pagan</er>.]</ety> <def>A pagan; an infidel; -- used also adjectively.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>panim</asp> and <asp>paynim</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Peacham.</i>

<h1>Painless</h1>
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<hw>Pain"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from pain; without pain.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pain"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pain"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pains</h1>
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<hw>Pains</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>Labor; toilsome effort; care or trouble taken; -- plural in form, but used with a singular or plural verb, commonly the former.</def>

<blockquote>And all my <b>pains</b> is sorted to no proof.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>pains</b> they had taken was very great.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The labored earth your <b>pains</b> have sowed and tilled.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Painstaker</h1>
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<hw>Pains"tak`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who takes pains; one careful and faithful in all work.</def>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Painstaking</h1>
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<hw>Pains"tak`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Careful in doing; diligent; faithful; attentive.</def> "<i>Painstaking</i> men."

<i>Harris.</i>

<h1>Painstaking</h1>
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<hw>Pains"tak`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of taking pains; carefulness and fidelity in performance.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Painsworthy</h1>
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<hw>Pains"wor`thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worth the pains o<?/ care bestowed.</def>

<h1>Paint</h1>
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<hw>Paint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Painted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Painting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>peinten</ets>, fr. F. <ets>peint</ets>, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>p</ets>. o<?/ <ets>peindre</ets> to paint, fr. L. <ets>pingere</ets>, <ets>pictum</ets>; cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> many-colored, Skr. <ets>pic</ets> to adorn. Cf. <er>Depict</er>, <er>Picture</er>, <er>Pigment</er>, <er>Pint</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover with coloring matter; to apply paint to; <as>as, to <ex>paint</ex> a house, a signboard, etc</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Jezebel <b>painted</b> her face and tired her head.
<i>2 Kings ix. 30.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To color, stain, or tinge; to adorn or beautify with colors; to diversify with colors.</def>

<blockquote>Not <b>painted</b> with the crimson spots of blood.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cuckoo buds of yellow hue
Do <b>paint</b> the meadows with delight.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To form in colors a figure or likeness of on a flat surface, as upon canvas; to represent by means of colors or hues; to exhibit in a tinted image; to portray with paints; <as>as, to <ex>paint</ex> a portrait or a landscape</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fig.: To represent or exhibit to the mind; to describe vividly; to delineate; to image; to depict.</def>

<blockquote>Disloyal?
The word is too good to <b>paint</b> out her wickedness.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If folly grow romantic, I must <b>paint</b> it.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To color; picture; depict; portray; delineate; sketch; draw; describe.</syn>

<h1>Paint</h1>
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<hw>Paint</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To practice the art of painting; <as>as, the artist <ex>paints</ex> well</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To color one's face by way of beautifying it</def>.

<blockquote>Let her <b>paint</b> an inch thick.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paint</h1>
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<hw>Paint</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A pigment or coloring substance.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The same prepared with a vehicle, as oil, water with gum, or the like, for application to a surface.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cosmetic; rouge.</def>

<i>Praed.</i>

<h1>Painted</h1>
<Xpage=1030>

<hw>Paint"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Covered or adorned with paint; portrayed in colors.</def>

<blockquote>As idle as a <b>painted</b> ship
Upon a <b>painted</b> ocean.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Marked with bright colors; <as>as, the <ex>painted</ex> turtle; <ex>painted</ex> bunting.</as></def>

<cs><col>Painted beauty</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a handsome American butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Huntera</spn>), having a variety of bright colors,</cd> -- <col>Painted cup</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any plant of an American genus of herbs (<spn>Castilleia</spn>) in which the bracts are usually bright-colored and more showy than the flowers. <spn>Castilleia coccinea</spn> has brilliantly scarlet bracts, and is common in meadows.</cd> -- <col>Painted finch</col>. <cd>See <er>Nonpareil</er>.</cd> -- <col>Painted lady</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright-colored butterfly. See <er>Thistle butterfly</er>.</cd> -- <col>Painted turtle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common American freshwater tortoise (<spn>Chrysemys picta</spn>), having bright red and yellow markings beneath.</cd></cs>

<h1>Painter</h1>
<Xpage=1030>

<hw>Paint"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE, <ets>pantere</ets> a noose, snare, F. <ets>panti\'8are</ets>, LL. <ets>panthera</ets>, L. <ets>panther</ets> a hunting net, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; <?/  all + <?/ beast; cf. Ir. <ets>painteir</ets> a net, gin, snare, Gael. <ets>painntear</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope at the bow of a boat, used to fasten it to anything.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Painter</h1>
<Xpage=1030>

<hw>Paint"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupt. of <ets>panther</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The panther, or puma.</def> <mark>[A form representing an illiterate pronunciation, U. S.]</mark>

<i>J. F. Cooper.</i>

<h1>Painter</h1>
<Xpage=1030>

<hw>Paint"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See lst <er>Paint</er>.]</ety> <def>One whose occupation is to paint</def>; esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who covers buildings, ships, ironwork, and the like, with paint</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An artist who represents objects or scenes in color on a flat surface, as canvas, plaster, or the like.</def>

<cs><col>Painter's colic</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Lead colic</cref>, under <er>Colic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Painter stainer</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A painter of coats of arms.</cd> <i>Crabb.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A member of a livery company or guild in London, bearing this name.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="1031">
Page 1031<p>

<h1>Painterly</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Paint"er*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a painter's work.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>painterly</i> glose of a visage."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Paintership</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Paint"er*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or position of being a painter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Br. Gardiner.</i>

<h1>Painting</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Paint"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or employment of laying on, or adorning with, paints or colors.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The work of the painter; also, any work of art in which objects are represented in color on a flat surface; a colored representation of any object or scene; a picture.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Color laid on; paint.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A depicting by words; vivid representation in words.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Picture</er>.</syn>

<h1>Paintless</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Paint"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not capable of being painted or described.</def> "In <i>paintless</i> patience."

<i>Savage.</i>

<h1>Painture</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pain"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>peinture</ets>. See <er>Paint</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Picture</er>.]</ety> <def>The art of painting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Dryden.</i>

<h1>Painty</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Paint"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unskillfully painted, so that the painter's method of work is too obvious; also, having too much pigment applied to the surface.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<h1>Pair</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pair</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>paire</ets>, LL. <ets>paria</ets>, L. <ets>paria</ets>, pl. of <ets>par</ets> pair, fr. <ets>par</ets>, adj., equal. Cf. <er>Apparel</er>, <er>Par</er> equality, <er>Peer</er> an equal.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A number of things resembling one another, or belonging together; a set; <as>as, a <ex>pair</ex> or flight of stairs</as>. "A <i>pair</i> of beads."  <i>Chaucer</i>. <i>Beau. & Fl.</i> "Four <i>pair</i> of stairs." <i>Macaulay</i>. <note>[Now mostly or quite disused, except as to stairs.]</note></def>

<blockquote>Two crowns in my pocket, two <b>pair</b> of cards.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Two things of a kind, similar in form, suited to each other, and intended to be used together; <as>as, a <ex>pair</ex> of gloves or stockings; a <ex>pair</ex> of shoes.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Two of a sort; a span; a yoke; a couple; a brace; <as>as, a <ex>pair</ex> of horses; a <ex>pair</ex> of oxen.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A married couple; a man and wife.</def> "A happy <i>pair</i>." <i>Dryden</i>.  "The hapless <i>pair</i>." <i>Milton</i>.

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A single thing, composed of two pieces fitted to each other and used together; <as>as, a <ex>pair</ex> of scissors; a <ex>pair</ex> of tongs; a <ex>pair</ex> of bellows.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Two members of opposite parties or opinion, as in a parliamentary body, who mutually agree not to vote on a given question, or on issues of a party nature during a specified time; <as>as, there were two <ex>pairs</ex> on the final vote</as>.</def> <mark>[Parliamentary Cant]</mark>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Kinematics)</fld> <def>In a mechanism, two elements, or bodies, which are so applied to each other as to mutually constrain relative motion.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Pairs</i> are named in accordance with the kind of motion they permit; thus, a journal and its bearing form a <i>turning pair</i>, a cylinder and its piston a <i>sliding pair</i>, a screw and its nut a <i>twisting pair</i>, etc. Any <i>pair</i> in which the constraining contact is along lines or at points only (as a cam and roller acting together), is designated a <i>higher pair</i>; any <i>pair</i> having constraining surfaces which fit each other (as a cylindrical pin and eye, a screw and its nut, etc.), is called a <i>lower pair</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Pair royal</col> <plu>(pl. <plw>Pairs Royal</plw>)</plu> <cd>three things of a sort; -- used especially of playing cards in some games, as cribbage; as three kings, three "eight spots" etc. Four of a kind are called a <i>double pair royal<i>. "Something in his face gave me as much pleasure as a <i>pair royal<i> of naturals in my own hand." <i>Goldsmith</i>. "That great <i>pair royal<i> of adamantine sisters [the Fates]." <i>Quarles</i>.</cd> <altsp>[Written corruptly <asp>parial<asp> and <asp>prial<asp>.]</altsp></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Pair</er>, <er>Flight</er>, <er>Set</er>.</syn> <usage> Originally, <i>pair</i> was not confined to two things, but was applied to any number of equal things (<i>pares</i>), that go together. Ben Jonson speaks of a <i>pair</i> (set) of chessmen; also, he and Lord Bacon speak of a <i>pair</i> (pack) of cards. A "<i>pair</i> of stairs" is still in popular use, as well as the later expression, "flight of stairs."</usage>

<h1>Pair</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pair</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Paired</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pairing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be joined in paris; to couple; to mate, as for breeding.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To suit; to fit, as a counterpart.</def>

<blockquote>My heart was made to fit and <b>pair</b> with thine.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Same as <cref>To pair off</cref>. See phrase below.</def>

<cs><col>To pair off</col>, <cd>to separate from a company in pairs or couples; specif. (<mark>Parliamentary Cant</mark>), to agree with one of the opposite party or opinion to abstain from voting on specified questions or issues. See <er>Pair</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 6.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pair</h1>
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<hw>Pair</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To unite in couples; to form a pair of; to bring together, as things which belong together, or which complement, or are adapted to one another.</def>

<blockquote>Glossy jet is <b>paired</b> with shining white.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To engage (one's self) with another of opposite opinions not to vote on a particular question or class of questions.</def> <mark>[Parliamentary Cant]</mark>

<cs><col>Paired fins</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Fin</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pair</h1>
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<hw>Pair</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Impair</er>.]</ety> <def>To impair.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Pairer</h1>
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<hw>Pair"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who impairs.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Pairing</h1>
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<hw>Pair"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pair</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of uniting or arranging in pairs or couples.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <cref>To pair off</cref>, under <er>Pair</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Pairyng time</col>, <cd>the time when birds or other animals pair.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pairment</h1>
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<hw>Pair"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Impairment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Pais</h1>
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<hw>Pa`is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pu\'8bs</ets>, F. <ets>pays</ets>, country.]</ety> <fld>(O. E. Law)</fld> <def>The country; the people of the neighborhood.</def>

<note>&hand; A trial <i>per pais</i> is a trial by the country, that is, by a jury; and matter <i>in pais</i> is matter triable by the country, or jury.</note>

<h1>Paisano</h1>
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<hw>Pa`i*sa"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., of the country, <?/ative.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The chaparral cock.</def>

<h1>Paise</h1>
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<hw>Paise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Obs</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Poise</er>.</def>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Pajock</h1>
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<hw>Pa"jock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A peacock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pakfong</h1>
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<hw>Pak"fong`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Packfong</er>.</def>

<h1>Pal</h1>
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<hw>Pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A mate; a partner; esp., an accomplice or confederate.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Palace</h1>
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<hw>Pal"ace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>palais</ets>, F. <ets>palais</ets>, fr. L. <ets>palatium</ets>, fr. <ets>Palatium</ets>, one of the seven hills of Rome, <?/ which Augustus had his residence. Cf. <er>Paladin</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The residence of a sovereign, including the lodgings of high officers of state, and rooms for business, as well as halls for ceremony and reception.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The official residence of a bishop or other distinguished personage.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Loosely, any unusually magnificent or stately house.</def>

<cs><col>Palace car</col>. <cd>See under <er>Car</er>.</cd> -- <col>Palace court</col>, <cd>a court having jurisdiction of personal actions arising within twelve miles of the palace at Whitehall. The court was abolished in 1849. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Palacious</h1>
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<hw>Pa*la"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Palatial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Graunt.</i>

<h1>Paladin</h1>
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<hw>Pal"a*din</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr.It. <ets>paladino</ets>, fr. L. <ets>palatinus</ets> an officer of the palace. See <er>Palatine</er>.]</ety> <def>A knight-errant; a distinguished champion; <as>as, the <ex>paladins</ex> of Charlemagne</as>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Pal\'91o-</h1>
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<hw>Pa"l\'91*o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Paleo-</er>.</def>

<mhw><h1>Pal\'91ographer, n., Pal\'91ographic</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pa`l\'91*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Pa`l\'91*o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, etc.</mhw> <def>See <er>Paleographer</er>, <er>Paleographic</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Pal\'91otype</h1>
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<hw>Pa"l\'91*o*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pal\'91o-</ets> + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>A system of representing all spoken sounds by means of the printing types in common use.</def> <i>Ellis</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Pa`l\'91*o*typ"ic*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> -- <wf>Pa`l\'91*o*typ"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pal\'91stra</h1>
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<hw>Pa*l\'91s"tra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Palestra</er>.</def>

<h1>Pal\'91stric</h1>
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<hw>Pa*l\'91s"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Palestric</er>.</def>

<h1>Pal\'91tiologist</h1>
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<hw>Pa*l\'91`ti*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in pal\'91tiology.</def>

<h1>Pal\'91tiology</h1>
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<hw>Pa*l\'91`ti*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pal\'91o-</ets> + \'91<ets>tiology</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which explains, by the law of causation, the past condition and changes of the earth.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pa*l\'91`ti*o*log"ic*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Palama</h1>
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<hw>Pal"a*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Palamme</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the palm.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A membrane extending between the toes of a bird, and uniting them more or less closely together.</def>

<h1>Palamede\'91</h1>
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<hw>Pal`a*me"de*\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order, or suborder, including the kamichi, and allied South American birds; -- called also <altname>screamers</altname>. In many anatomical characters they are allied to the Anseres, but they externally resemble the wading birds.</def>

<h1>Palampore</h1>
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<hw>Pal`am*pore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Palempore</er>.</def>

<h1>Palanka</h1>
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<hw>Pa*lan"ka</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It., Pg., & Sp. <ets>palanca</ets>, fr.L. <ets>palanga</ets>, <ets>phalanga</ets> a pole, Gr.<?/ ]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A camp permanently intrenched, attached to Turkish frontier fortresses.</def>

<h1>Palanquin</h1>
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<hw>Pal`an*quin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>palanquin</ets>, Pg. <ets>palanquim</ets>, Javan. <ets>palangki</ets>, OJavan. <ets>palangkan</ets>, through Prakrit fr. Skr. <ets>parya<?/ka</ets>, <ets>palya<?/ka</ets>, bed, couch; <ets>pari</ets> around (akin to E. pref. <ets>peri-</ets>) + <ets>a<?/ka</ets> a hook, flank, probably akin to E. <ets>angle</ets> fishing tackle. Cf. <er>Palkee</er>.]</ety> <def>An inclosed carriage or litter, commonly about eight feet long, four feet wide, and four feet high, borne on the shoulders of men by means of two projecting poles, -- used in India, China, etc., for the conveyance of a single person from place to place.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>palankeen</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Palapteryx</h1>
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<hw>Pa*lap"te*ryx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Paleo-</ets> + <ets>apteryx</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A large extinct ostrichlike bird of New Zealand.</def>

<h1>Palatability</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pal`a*ta*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Palatableness.</def>

<h1>Palatable</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pal"a*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Palate</er>.]</ety> <def>Agreeable to the palate or taste; savory; hence, acceptable; pleasing; <as>as, <ex>palatable</ex> food; <ex>palatable</ex> advice.</as></def>

<h1>Palatableness</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pal"a*ta*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being agreeable to the taste; relish; acceptableness.</def>

<h1>Palatably</h1>
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<hw>Pal"a*ta*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a palatable manner.</def>

<h1>Palatal</h1>
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<hw>Pal"a*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>palatal</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the palate; palatine; <as>as, the <ex>palatal</ex> bones</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>Uttered by the aid of the palate; -- said of certain sounds, as the sound of <i>k</i> in <i>kirk</i>.</def>

<h1>Palatal</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pal"a*tal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>A sound uttered, or a letter pronounced, by the aid of the palate, as the letters <i>k</i> and <i>y</i>.</def>

<h1>Palatalize</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pal"a*tal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>To palatize.</def>

<h1>Palate</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pal"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palatum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>palais</ets>, Of. also <ets>palat</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The roof of the mouth.</def>

<note>&hand; The fixed portion, or palate proper, supported by the maxillary and palatine bones, is called the <i>hard palate</i> to distinguish it from the membranous and muscular curtain which separates the cavity of the mouth from the pharynx and is called the <i>soft palate</i>, or <i>velum</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relish; taste; liking; -- a sense originating in the mistaken notion that the palate is the organ of taste.</def>

<blockquote>Hard task! to hit the <b>palate</b> of such guests.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: Mental relish; intellectual taste.</def>

<i>T. Baker.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A projection in the throat of such flowers as the snapdragon.</def>

<h1>Palate</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pal"ate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To perceive by the taste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Palatial</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pa*la"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palatium</ets> palace. See <er>Palace</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a palace; suitable for a palace; resembling a palace; royal; magnificent; <as>as, <ex>palatial</ex> structures</as>.</def> "<i>Palatial</i> style."

<i>A. Drummond.</i>

<h1>Palatial</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pa*la"tial</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>From</tt> <er>Palate</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Palatal; palatine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Palatial</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pa*la"tial</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A palatal letter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Jones.</i>

<h1>Palatic</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pa*lat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Palatal; palatine.</def>

<h1>Palatic</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pa*lat"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Phon.)</fld> <def>A palatal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Palatinate</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pa*lat"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>palatinat</ets>. See <er>Palatine</er>.]</ety> <def>The province or seigniory of a palatine; the dignity of a palatine.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Palatinate</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pa*lat"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a palatinate of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Palatine</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pal"a*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>palatin</ets>, L. <ets>palatinus</ets>, fr. <ets>palatium</ets>. See <er>Palace</er>, and cf. <er>Paladin</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a palace, or to a high officer of a palace; hence, possessing royal privileges.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Count palatine</col>, <col>County palatine</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Count</er>, and <er>County</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Palatine hill</col>, &or; <col>The palatine</col></mcol>, <cd>one of the seven hills of Rome, once occupied by the palace of the C\'91sars. See <er>Palace</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Palatine</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pal"a*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One invested with royal privileges and rights within his domains; a count palatine. See <cref>Count palatine</cref>, under 4th <er>Count</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The Palatine hill in Rome.</def>

<h1>Palatine</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pal"a*tine</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From Palate.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the palate.</def>

<cs><col>Palatine bones</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a pair of bones (often united in the adult) in the root of the mouth, back of and between the maxillaries.</cd></cs>

<h1>Palatine</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pal"a*tine</hw><def>, <fld>(Anat.)</fld> A palatine bone.</def>

<h1>Palative</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pal"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pleasing to the taste; palatable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Palative</i> delights."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Palatize</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pal"a*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To modify, as the tones of the voice, by means of the palate; <as>as, to <ex>palatize</ex> a letter or sound</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pal`a*ti*za"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>J. Peile.</i>

<h1>Palato-</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pal"a*to-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From <er>Palate</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form used in anatomy to indicate <i>relation to</i>, or <i>connection with</i>, <i>the palate</i>; as in <i>palatolingual</i>.</def>

<h1>Palatonares</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pal`a*to*na"res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Palato-</er>, and <er>Nares</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The posterior nares. See <er>Nares</er>.</def>

<h1>Palatopterygoid</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pal`a*top*ter"y*goid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Palato-</ets> + <ets>pterygoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the palatine and pterygoid region of the skull; <as>as, the <ex>palatopterygoid</ex> cartilage, or rod, from which the palatine and pterygoid bones are developed</as>.</def>

<h1>Palaver</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pa*la"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>palabra</ets>, or Pg. <ets>palavra</ets>, fr. L. <ets>parabola</ets> a comparison, a parable, LL., a word. See <er>Parable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Talk; conversation; esp., idle or beguiling talk; talk intended to deceive; flattery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In Africa, a parley with the natives; a talk; hence, a public conference and deliberation; a debate.</def>

<blockquote>This epoch of parliaments and eloquent <b>palavers</b>.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Palaver</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pa*la"ver</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Palavered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Palavering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make palaver with, or to; to used palaver;to talk idly or deceitfully; to employ flattery; to cajole; <as>as, to <ex>palaver</ex> artfully</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Palavering</b> the little language for her benefit.
<i>C. Bront<?/</i></blockquote>

<h1>Palaverer</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pa*la"ver*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who palavers; a flatterer.</def>

<h1>Pale</h1>
<Xpage=1031>

<hw>Pale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Paler</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Palest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'83le</ets>, fr. <ets>p\'83lir</ets> to turn pale, L. <ets>pallere</ets> to be o<?/ look pale. Cf. <er>Appall</er>, <er>Fallow</er>, <er>pall</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, <er>Pallid</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanting in color; not ruddy; dusky white; pallid; wan; <as>as, a <ex>pale</ex> face; a <ex>pale</ex> red; a <ex>pale</ex> blue.</as></def> "<i>Pale</i> as a forpined ghost."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Speechless he stood and <b>pale</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They are not of complexion red or <b>pale</b>.
<i>T. Randolph.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not bright or brilliant; of a faint luster or hue; dim; <as>as, the <ex>pale</ex> light of the moon</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The night, methinks, is but the daylight sick;
It looks a little <b>paler</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Pale</i> is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, <i>pale</i>-colored, <i>pale</i>-eyed, <i>pale</i>-faced, <i>pale</i>-looking, etc.</note>

<h1>Pale</h1>
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<hw>Pale</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Paleness; pallor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pale</h1>
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<hw>Pale</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Paled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Paling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To turn pale; to lose color or luster.</def>

<i>Whittier.</i>

<blockquote>Apt to <b>pale</b> at a trodden worm.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pale</h1>
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<hw>Pale</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make pale; to diminish the brightness of.</def>

<blockquote>The glow<?/worm shows the matin to be near,
And gins to <b>pale</b> his uneffectual fire.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pale</h1>
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<hw>Pale</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pal</ets>, fr. L. <ets>palus</ets>: cf. D. <ets>paal</ets>. See <er>Pol<?/</er> a stake, and lst <er>Pallet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pointed stake or slat, either driven into the ground, or fastened to a rail at the top and bottom, for fencing or inclosing; a picket.</def>

<blockquote>Deer creep through when a <b>pale</b> tumbles down.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which incloses or fences in; a boundary; a limit; a fence; a palisade.</def> "Within one <i>pale</i> or hedge."

<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A space or field having bounds or limits; a limited region or place; an inclosure; -- often used figuratively.</def> "To walk the studious cloister's <i>pale</i>." <i>Milton</i>. "Out of the <i>pale</i> of civilization."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A stripe or band, as on a garment.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>One of the greater ordinaries, being a broad perpendicular stripe in an escutcheon, equally distant from the two edges, and occupying one third of it.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A cheese scoop.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A shore for bracing a timber before it is fastened.</def>

<cs><col>English pale</col> <fld>(Hist.)</fld>, <cd>the limits or territory within which alone the English conquerors of Ireland held dominion for a long period after their invasion of the country in 1172.</cd></cs>

<i>Spencer.</i>

<h1>Pale</h1>
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<hw>Pale</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inclose with pales, or as with pales; to encircle; to encompass; to fence off.</def>

<blockquote>[Your isle, which stands]  ribbed and <b>paled</b> in
With rocks unscalable and roaring waters.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Palea</h1>
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<hw>Pa"le*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pale\'91</plw> <tt>(-&emac;)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., chaff.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The interior chaff or husk of grasses.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the chaffy scales or bractlets growing on the receptacle of many compound flowers, as the Coreopsis, the sunflower, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A pendulous process of the skin on the throat of a bird, as in the turkey; a dewlap.</def>

<h1>Paleaceous</h1>
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<hw>Pa`le*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palea</ets> chaff.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Chaffy; resembling or consisting of pale\'91, or chaff; furnished with chaff; <as>as, a <ex>paleaceous</ex> receptacle</as>.</def>

<h1>Palearctic</h1>
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<hw>Pa`le*arc"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Paleo-</ets> + <ets>arctic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a region of the earth's surface which includes all Europe to the Azores, Iceland, and all temperate Asia.</def>

<h1>Paled</h1>
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<hw>Paled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 5th <er>Pale</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Striped.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "[Buskins] . . . <i>paled</i> part per part."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inclosed with a paling.</def> "A <i>paled</i> green."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Pale\'89chinoidea</h1>
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<hw>Pa`le*\'89ch`i*noi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Paleo-</er>, and <er>Echinoidea</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extinct order of sea urchins found in the Paleozoic rocks. They had more than twenty vertical rows of plates. Called also <altname>Pal\'91echini</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Pal\'91echinoidea</asp>.]</altsp>

<hr>
<page="1032">
Page 1032<p>

<h1>Paleface</h1>
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<hw>Pale"face`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A white person; -- an appellation supposed to have been applied to the whites by the American Indians.</def>

<i>J. F. Cooper.</i>

<h1>Paleichthyes</h1>
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<hw>Pa`le*ich"thy*es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Paleo-</er>, and <er>Ichthyology</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A comprehensive division of fishes which includes the elasmobranchs and ganoids.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Pal\'91ichthyes</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Palely</h1>
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<hw>Pale"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Pale</ets>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>In a pale manner; dimly; wanly; not freshly or ruddily.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Palempore</h1>
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<hw>Pal`em*pore"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A superior kind of dimity made in India, -- used for bed coverings.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>palampore</asp>, <asp>palampoor</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<i>De Colange.</i>

<h1>Paleness</h1>
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<hw>Pale"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being pale; want of freshness or ruddiness; a sickly whiteness; lack of color or luster; wanness.</def>

<blockquote>The blood the virgin's cheek forsook;
A livid <b>paleness</b> spreads o'er all her look.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Palenque</h1>
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<hw>Pa*len"que</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A collective name for the Indians of Nicaragua and Honduras.</def>

<h1>Paleo-</h1>
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<hw>Pa"le*o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, adj.]</ety> <def>A combining form meaning <i>old</i>, <i>ancient</i>; <as>as, <ex>pale</ex>arctic, <ex>pale</ex>ontology, <ex>paleo</ex>there, <ex>paleo</ex>graphy</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pal\'91o</asp>-.]</altsp>

<h1>Paleobotanist</h1>
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<hw>Pa`le*o*bot"a*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in paleobotany.</def>

<h1>Paleobotany</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa`le*o*bot"a*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Paleo-</ets> + <ets>botany</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of paleontology which treats of fossil plants.</def>

<h1>Paleocarida</h1>
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<hw>Pa`le*o*car"ida</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> ancient + <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, a kind of crustacean.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Merostomata</er></def>. <altsp>[Written also <ets>Pal\'91ocarida</ets>.]</altsp>

<h1>Paleocrinoidea</h1>
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<hw>Pa`le*o*cri*noi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Paleo-</er>, and <er>Crinoidea</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of Crinoidea found chiefly in the Paleozoic rocks.</def>

<h1>Paleocrystic</h1>
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<hw>Pa`le*o*crys"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Paleo-</ets> + Gr.<ets><?/</ets> ice.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, a former glacial formation.</def>

<h1>Paleog\'91an</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa`le*o*g\'91"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Paleo-</ets> + Gr. <ets><?/</ets> the eart]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Eastern hemisphere.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pal\'91og\'91an</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Paleograph</h1>
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<hw>Pa"le*o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An ancient manuscript.</def>

<h1>Paleographer</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa`le*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in paleography; a paleographist.</def>

<h1>Paleographic, Paleographical</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw><hw>Pa`le*o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pa`le*o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pal\'82ographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to paleography.</def>

<h1>Paleographist</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa`le*og"ra*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in paleography; a paleographer.</def>

<h1>Paleography</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa`le*og"ra*phy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Paleo-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pal\'82ographie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ancient manner of writing; ancient writings, collectively; <as>as, Punic <ex>paleography</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The study of ancient inscriptions and modes of writing; the art or science of deciphering ancient writings, and determining their origin, period, etc., from external characters; diplomatics.</def>

<h1>Paleola</h1>
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<hw>Pa*le"o*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Paleol\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>palea</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A diminutive or secondary palea; a lodicule.</def>

<h1>Paleolith</h1>
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<hw>Pa"le*o*lith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Paleo-</ets> + <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A relic of the Paleolithic era.</def>

<h1>Paleolithic</h1>
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<hw>Pa`le*o*lith"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an era marked by early stone implements. The <i>Paleolithic</i> era (as proposed by Lubbock) includes the earlier half of the "Stone Age;" the remains belonging to it are for the most part of extinct animals, with relics of human beings.</def>

<h1>Paleologist</h1>
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<hw>Pa`le*ol"ogist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in paleology; a student of antiquity.</def>

<h1>Paleology</h1>
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<hw>Pa`le*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Paleo-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The study or knowledge of antiquities, esp. of prehistoric antiquities; a discourse or treatise on antiquities; arch\'91ology .</def>

<h1>Paleontographical</h1>
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<hw>Pa`le*on`to*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the description of fossil remains.</def>

<h1>Paleontography</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa`le*on*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Paleo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ existing things + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The description of fossil remains.</def>

<h1>Paleontological</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to paleontology.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Paleontologist</h1>
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<hw>Pa`le*on*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pal\'82ontologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in paleontology.</def>

<h1>Paleontology</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa`le*on*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Paleo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ existing things + <ets>-logy</ets>. Cf. <er>Ontology</er>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the ancient life of the earth, or of fossils which are the remains of such life.</def>

<h1>Paleophytologist</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A paleobotanist.</def>

<h1>Paleophytology</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Paleo-</ets> + <ets>phytology</ets>.]</ety> <def>Paleobotany.</def>

<h1>Paleornithology</h1>
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<hw>Pa`le*or`ni*thol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Paleo-</ets> + <ets>ornithology</ets>.]</ety> <def>The branch of paleontology which treats of fossil birds.</def>

<h1>Paleosaurus</h1>
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<hw>Pa`le*o*sau"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> ancient +  <?/ a lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of fossil saurians found in the Permian formation.</def>

<h1>Paleotechnic</h1>
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<hw>Pa`le*o*tech"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Paleo-</ets> + <ets>technic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or connected with, ancient art.</def> "The <i>paleotechnic</i> men of central France."

<i>D. Wilson.</i>

<h1>Paleothere</h1>
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<hw>Pa"le*o*there</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pal\'82oth\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Any species of Paleotherium.</def>

<h1>Paleotherian</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa`le*o*the"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pal\'82oth\'82rien</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to Paleotherium.</def>

<h1>Paleotherium</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa`le*o*the"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ ancient + <?/ beast.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of herbivorous Tertiary mammals, once supposed to have resembled the tapir in form, but now known to have had a more slender form, with a long neck like that of a llama.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Pal\'91otherium</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Paleotheroid</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa`le*o*the"roid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[<ets>Paleothere</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Resembling Paleotherium.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An animal resembling, or allied to, the paleothere.</def></def2>

<h1>Paleotype</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa"le*o*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pal\'91otype</er>.</def>

<h1>Paleous</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa"le*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palea</ets> chaff.]</ety> <def>Chaffy; like chaff; paleaceous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Paleozoic</h1>
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<hw>Pa`le*o*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Paleo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ life, fr. <?/ to live.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to, or designating, the older division of geological time during which life is known to have existed, including the Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous ages, and also to the life or rocks of those ages. See <i>Chart of</i> <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Paleozo\'94logy</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa`le*o*zo*\'94l"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The Paleozoic time or strata.</def>

<h1>Paleozo\'94ogy</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa`le*o*zo*\'94"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Paleo-</ets> + <ets>zo\'94logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of extinct animals, a branch of paleontology.</def>

<h1>Palesie, Palesy</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw><hw>Pale"sie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pale"sy</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Palsy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Palestinian, Palestinean</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pal`es*tin"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pal`es*tin"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Palestine.</def>

<h1>Palestra</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa*les"tra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Palestr\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Palestras</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>palaestra</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to wrestle.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pal\'91stra</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A wrestling school; hence, a gymnasium, or place for athletic exercise in general.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A wrestling; the exercise of wrestling.</def>

<h1>Palestrian, Palestric, Palestrical</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw><hw>Pa*les"tri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pa*les"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pa*les"tric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palaestricus</ets>, Gr. <?/]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the palestra, or to wrestling.</def>

<h1>Palet</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Palea</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Palea</er>.</def>

<h1>Paletot</h1>
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<hw>Pal"e*tot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>paletot</ets>, OF. <ets>palletoc</ets>, prob. fr. L. <ets>palla</ets> (see <er>Palla</er>) + F. <ets>toque</ets> cap, and so lit., a frock with a cap or hood; cf. Sp. <ets>paletoque</ets>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An overcoat.</def> <i>Dickens</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A lady's outer garment, -- of varying fashion.</def>

<h1>Palette</h1>
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<hw>Pal"ette</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pallet</er> a thin board.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>A thin, oval or square board, or tablet, with a thumb hole at one end for holding it, on which a painter lays and mixes his pigments.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pallet</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>One of the plates covering the points of junction at the bend of the shoulders and elbows.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A breastplate for a breast drill.</def>

<cs><col>Palette knife</col>, <cd>a knife with a very flexible steel blade and no cutting edge, rounded at the end, used by painters to mix colors on the grinding slab or palette.</cd> -- <col>To set the palette</col> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>, <cd>to lay upon it the required pigments in a certain order, according to the intended use of them in a picture.</cd></cs>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Palewise</h1>
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<hw>Pale"wise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>In the manner of a pale or pales; by perpendicular lines or divisions; <as>as, to divide an escutcheon <ex>palewise</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Palfrey</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal"frey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>palefrai</ets>, OF. <ets>palefrei</ets>, F. <ets>palefroi</ets>, LL. <ets>palafredus</ets>, <ets>parafredus</ets>, from L. <ets>paraveredus</ets> a horse for extraordinary occasions, an extra post horse; Gr. <?/ along, beside + L. <ets>veredus</ets> a post horse.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A saddle horse for the road, or for state occasions, as distinguished from a war horse.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small saddle horse for ladies.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Call the host and bid him bring
Charger and <b>palfrey</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Palfreyed</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal"freyed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mounted on a palfrey.</def>

<i>Tickell.</i>

<h1>Palgrave</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal"grave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Palsgrave</er>.</def>

<h1>Pali</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa"li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <def><tt>pl.</tt> of <er>Palus</er>.</def>

<h1>Pali</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa"li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ceylonese, fr. Skr. <ets>p\'beli</ets> row, line, series, applied to the series of Buddhist sacred texts.]</ety> <def>A dialect descended from Sanskrit, and like that, a dead language, except when used as the sacred language of the Buddhist religion in Farther India, etc.</def>

<h1>Palification</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palus</ets> a stake + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make: cf. F. <ets>palification</ets>. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of driving piles or posts into the ground to make it firm.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Paliform</h1>
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<hw>Pa"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling a palus; <as>as, the <ex>paliform</ex> lobes of the septa in corals</as>.</def>

<h1>Palilogy</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa*lil"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palilogia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ again + <?/ to speak.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The repetition of a word, or part of a sentence, for the sake of greater emphasis; <as>as, "The <ex>living</ex>, the <ex>living</ex>, he shall praise thee</as>."</def>

<i>Is. xxxviii. 19.</i>

<h1>Palimpsest</h1>
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<hw>Pal"imp*sest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palimpsestus</ets>, Gr. <?/ scratched or scraped again, <?/ a palimpsest; <?/ again + <?/ to rub, rub away: cf. F. <ets>palimpseste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A parchment which has been written upon twice, the first writing having been erased to make place for the second.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Palindrome</h1>
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<hw>Pal"in*drome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ running back again; <?/ again + <?/ to run: cf. F. <ets>palindrome</ets>.]</ety> <def>A word, verse, or sentence, that is the same when read backward or forward; <as>as, <i>madam</i>; <i>Hannah</i>; or <i>Lewd did I live, & evil I did dwel</i>.</as></def>

<h1>Palindromic, Palindromical</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw><hw>Pal`in*drom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pal`in*drom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or like, a palindrome.</def>

<h1>Palindromist</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pa*lin"dro*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of palindromes.</def>

<h1>Paling</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pales, in general; a fence formed with pales or pickets; a limit; an inclosure.</def>

<blockquote>They moved within the <b>paling</b> of order and decorum.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of placing pales or stripes on cloth; also, the stripes themselves.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Paling board</col>, <cd>one of the slabs sawed from the sides of a log to fit it to be sawed into boards.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Palingenesia</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal`in*ge*ne"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Palingenesis</er>.</def>

<h1>Palingenesis, Palingenesy</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw><hw>Pal`in*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pal`in*gen"e*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ again + <?/ birth: cf. F. <ets>paling\'82n\'82sie</ets>. See <er>Genesis</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A new birth; a re-creation; a regeneration; a continued existence in different manner or form.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That form of evolution in which the truly ancestral characters conserved by heredity are reproduced in development; original simple descent; -- distinguished from <i>kenogenesis</i>. Sometimes, in zo\'94logy, the abrupt metamorphosis of insects, crustaceans, etc.</def>

<h1>Palingenetic</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal`in*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to palingenesis: <as>as, a <ex>palingenetic</ex> process</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pal`in*ge*net"ic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Palinode</h1>
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<hw>Pal"i*node</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palinodia</ets>, from Gr. <?/; <?/ again + <?/ a song. See <er>Ode</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ode recanting, or retracting, a former one; also, a repetition of an ode.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A retraction; esp., a formal retraction.</def>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Palinodial</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal`i*no"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a palinode, or retraction.</def>

<i>J. Q. Adams.</i>

<h1>Palinody</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal"i*no*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Palinode</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Palinurus</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal`inu"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from L. <ets>Palinurus</ets>, the pilot of \'92neas.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An instrument for obtaining directly, without calculation, the true bearing of the sun, and thence the variation of the compass</def>

<h1>Palisade</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal`i*sade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>palissade</ets>, cf. Sp. <ets>palizada</ets>, It. <ets>palizzata</ets>, <ets>palizzo</ets>, LL. <ets>palissata</ets>; all fr. L. <ets>palus</ets> a stake, pale. See <er>Pale</er> a stake.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A strong, long stake, one end of which is set firmly in the ground, and the other is sharpened; also, a fence formed of such stakes set in the ground as a means of defense.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any fence made of pales or sharp stakes.</def>

<cs><col>Palisade cells</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>vertically elongated parenchyma cells, such as are seen beneath the epidermis of the upper surface of many leaves.</cd> -- <col>Palisade worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a nematoid worm (<spn>Strongylus armatus</spn>), parasitic in the blood vessels of the horse, in which it produces aneurisms, often fatal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Palisade</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal`i*sade"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Palisaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Palisading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>palissader</ets>.]</ety> <def>To surround, inclose, or fortify, with palisades.</def>

<h1>Palisading</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal`i*sad"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. Fort.</tt><def>) A row of palisades set in the ground.</def>

<h1>Palisado</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal`i*sa*"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Palisadoes</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A palisade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Palisado</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal`i*sa"do</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To palisade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Palish</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat pale or wan.</def>

<h1>Palissander</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal`is*san"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>palissandre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Violet wood.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Rosewood.</def>

<h1>Palissy</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal"is*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Designating, or of the nature of, a kind of pottery made by Bernard <i>Palissy</i>, in France, in the 16th centry.</def>

<cs><col>Palissy ware</col>, <cd>glazed pottery like that made by Bernard Palissy; especially, that having figures of fishes, reptiles, etc., in high relief.</cd></cs>

<h1>Palkee</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal"kee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>p\'belk\'c6</ets>; of the same origin as E. <ets>palanquin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A palanquin.</def>

<i>Malcom.</i>

<h1>Pall</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pall</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Pawl</er>.</def>

<h1>Pall</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pall</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pal</ets>, AS. <ets>p\'91l</ets>, from L. <ets>pallium</ets> cover, cloak, mantle, pall; cf. L. <ets>palla</ets> robe, mantle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An outer garment; a cloak mantle.</def>

<blockquote>His lion's skin changed to a <b>pall</b> of gold.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of rich stuff used for garments in the Middle Ages.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif (Esther viii. 15).</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pallium</er>.</def>

<blockquote>About this time Pope Gregory sent two archbishop's <b>palls</b> into England, -- the one for London, the other for York.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A figure resembling the Roman Catholic pallium, or pall, and having the form of the letter Y.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A large cloth, esp., a heavy black cloth, thrown over a coffin at a funeral; sometimes, also, over a tomb.</def>

<blockquote>Warriors carry the warrior's <b>pall</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A piece of cardboard, covered with linen and embroidered on one side; -- used to put over the chalice.</def>

<h1>Pall</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pall</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cloak.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak</i>

<h1>Pall</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pall</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Palled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Palling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Either shortened fr. <ets>appall</ets>, or fr. F. <ets>p\'83lir</ets> to grow pale. Cf. <er>Appall</er>, <er>Pale</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To become vapid, tasteless, dull, or insipid; to lose strength, life, spirit, or taste; <as>as, the liquor <ex>palls</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Beauty soon grows familiar to the lover,
Fades in the eye, and <b>palls</b> upon the sense.
<i>Addisin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pall</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pall</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make vapid or insipid; to make lifeless or spiritless; to dull; to weaken.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Reason and reflection . . . <b>pall</b> all his enjoyments.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To satiate; to cloy; <as>as, to <ex>pall</ex> the appetite</as>.</def>

<h1>Pall</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pall</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Nausea.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shaftesbury.</i>

<h1>Palla</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Pall</er> a cloak.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antuq.)</fld> <def>An oblong rectangular piece of cloth, worn by Roman ladies, and fastened with brooches.</def>

<h1>Palladian</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal*la"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, a variety of the revived classic style of architecture, founded on the works of Andrea <i>Palladio</i>, an Italian architect of the 16th century.</def>

<h1>Palladic</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal*la"dic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, palladium; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with <i>palladious</i> compounds.</def>

<h1>Palladious</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal*la"di*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, palladium; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which palladium has a lower valence as compared with <i>palladic</i> compounds.</def>

<h1>Palladium</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal*la"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, Pallas.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>Any statue of the goddess Pallas; esp., the famous statue on the preservation of which depended the safety of ancient Troy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: That which affords effectual protection or security; a sateguard; <as>as, the trial by jury is the <ex>palladium</ex> of our civil rights</as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Palladium</h1>
<Xpage=1032>

<hw>Pal*la"di*um</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare metallic element of the light platinum group, found native, and also alloyed with platinum and gold. It is a silver-white metal resembling platinum, and like it permanent and untarnished in the air, but is more easily fusible. It is unique in its power of occluding hydrogen, which it does to the extent of nearly a thousand volumes, forming the alloy <chform>Pd2H</chform>. It is used for graduated circles and verniers, for plating certain silver goods, and somewhat in dentistry. It was so named in 1804 by Wollaston from the asteroid <i>Pallas</i>, which was discovered in 1802. Symbol Pd. Atomic weight, 106.2.</def>

<hr>
<page="1033">
Page 1033<p>

<h1>Paladiumize</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pala"di*um*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Palladiumized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Palladiumizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover or coat with palladium.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pallah</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal"lah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large South African antelope (<spn>\'92pyceros melampus</spn>). The male has long lyrate and annulated horns. The general color is bay, with a black crescent on the croup. Called also <altname>roodebok</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pallas</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal"las</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>Pallas Athene, the Grecian goddess of wisdom, called also <altname>Athene</altname>, and identified, at a later period, with the Roman Minerva.</def><-- usu. spelled Athena -->

<h1>Pallbearer</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pall"bear*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of those who attend the coffin at a funeral; -- so called from the pall being formerly carried by them.</def>

<h1>Pallet</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>paillet</ets>, F. <ets>paillet</ets> a heap of straw, fr. <ets>paille</ets> straw, fr. L. <ets>palea</ets> chaff; cf. Gr. <?/ fine meal, dust, Skr. <ets>pala</ets> straw, <ets>pal\'beva</ets> chaff. Cf. <er>Paillasse</er>.]</ety> <def>A small and mean bed; a bed of straw.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Palet</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pa"let</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>pale</ets>. See <er>Pale</er> a stake.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A perpendicular band upon an escutcheon, one half the breadth of the pale.</def>

<h1>Pallet</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal"let</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>palette</ets>: af. It. <ets>paletta</ets>; prop. and orig., a fire shovel, dim. of L. <ets>pala</ets> a shovel, spade. See <er>Peel</er> a shovel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Palette</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Pettery)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A wooden implement used by potters, crucible makers, etc., for forming, beating, and rounding their works. It is oval, round, and of other forms.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A potter's wheel.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gilding)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument used to take up gold leaf from the pillow, and to apply it.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tool for gilding the backs of books over the bands.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Brickmaking)</fld> <def>A board on which a newly molded brick is conveyed to the hack.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A click or pawl for driving a ratchet wheel.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the series of disks or pistons in the chain pump.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Horology)</fld> <def>One of the pieces or levers connected with the pendulum of a clock, or the balance of a watch, which receive the immediate impulse of the scape-wheel, or balance wheel.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In the organ, a valve between the wind chest and the mouth of a pipe or row of pipes.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a pair of shelly plates that protect the siphon tubes of certain bivalves, as the Teredo. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Teredo</er>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A cup containing three ounces, -- <?/ormerly used by surgeons.</def>

<h1>Pallial</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal"li*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pallium</ets> a mantle. See <er>Pall</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pretaining to a mantle, especially to the mantle of mollusks; produced by the mantle; <as>as, the <ex>pallial</ex> line, or impression, which marks the attachment of the mantle on the inner surface of a bivalve shell</as>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Bivalve</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Pallial chamber</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the cavity inclosed by the mantle.</cd> -- <col>Pallial sinus</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an inward bending of the pallial line, near the posterior end of certain bivalve shells, to receive the siphon. See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Bivalve</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Palliament</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal"li*a*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>palliare</ets> to clothe, fr. L. <ets>pallium</ets> a manltle. See <er>Pall</er> the garment.]</ety> <def>A dress; a robe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Palliard</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal"liard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>paillard</ets>, orig., one addicted to the couch, fr. <ets>paille</ets> straw. See <er>Pallet</er> a small bed.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A born beggar; a vagabond.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lecher; a lewd person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Palliasse</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal*liasse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Paillasse</er>.</def>

<h1>Palliate</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal"li*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palliatus</ets>, fr. <ets>pallium</ets> a cloak. See <er>Pall</er> the garment.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Covered with a mant<?/e; cloaked; disguised.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Eased; mitigated; alleviated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Fell.</i>

<h1>Palliate</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal"li*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Palliated</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Palliating</er><tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover with a mantle or cloak; to cover up; to hide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Being <b>palliated</b> with a pilgrim's coat.
<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover with excuses; to conceal the enormity of, by excuses and apologies; to extenuate; <as>as, to <ex>palliate</ex> faults</as></def>.

<blockquote>They never hide or <b>palliate</b> their vices.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> To reduce in violence; to lessen or abate; to mitigate; to ease withhout curing; <as>as, to <ex>palliate</ex> a disease</as>.

<blockquote>To <b>palliate</b> dullness, and give time a shove.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To cover; cloak; hide; extenuate; conceal.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Palliate</er>, <er>Extenuate</er>, <er>Cloak</er>. These words, as here compared, are used in a figurative sense in reference to our treatment of wrong action. We <i>cloak</i> in order to conceal completely. We <i>extenuate</i> a crime when we endeavor to show that it is <i>less</i> than has been supposed; we <i>palliate</i> a crime when we endeavor to <i>cover</i> or <i>conceal</i> its enormity, at least in part.  This naturally leads us to soften some of its features, and thus <i>palliate</i> approaches <i>extenuate</i> till they have become nearly or quite identical.  "To <i>palliate</i> is not now used, though it once was, in the sense of wholly cloaking or covering over, as it might be, our sins, but in that of <i>extenuating</i>; to <i>palliate</i> our faults is not to hide them altogether, but to seek to diminish their guilt in part."

<i>Trench.</i>
</usage>

<h1>Palliation</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal`li*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>palliation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of palliating, or state of being palliated; extenuation; excuse; <as>as, the <ex>palliation</ex> of faults, offenses, vices</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mitigation; alleviation, as of a disease.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which cloaks or covers; disguise; also, the state of being covered or disguised.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Palliative</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal"li*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>palliatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to palliate; serving to extenuate or mitigate.</def>

<h1>Palliative</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal"li*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which palliates; a palliative agent.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Palliatory</h1>
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<hw>Pal"li*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Palliative; extenuating.</def>

<h1>Pallid</h1>
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<hw>Pal"lid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pallidus</ets>, fr. <ets>pallere</ets> to be or look pale. See <er>pale</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Deficient in color; pale; wan; <as>as, a <ex>pallid</ex> countenance; <ex>pallid</ex> blue.</as></def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Pallidity</h1>
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<hw>Pal*lid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pallidness; paleness.</def>

<h1>Pallidly</h1>
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<hw>Pal"lid*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pallid manner.</def>

<h1>Pallidness</h1>
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<hw>Pal"lid*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being pallid; paleness; pallor; wanness.</def>

<h1>Palliobranchiata</h1>
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<hw>Pal`li*o*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Brachiopoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Palliobranchiate</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal`li*o*bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pallium</er>, and <er>Branchia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the pallium, or mantle, acting as a gill, as in brachiopods.</def>

<h1>Pallium</h1>
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<hw>Pal"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Pallia</plw>(<?/), E. <plw>Palliums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Pall</er> the garment.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anc. Costume)</fld> <def>A large, square, woolen cloak which enveloped the whole person, worn by the Greeks and by certain Romans. It is the Roman name of a Greek garment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>A band of white wool, worn on the shoulders, with four purple crosses worked on it; a pall.</def>

<note>&hand; The wool is obtained from two lambs brought to the basilica of St. Agnes, Rome, and blessed. It is worn by the pope, and sent to patriarchs, primates, and archbishops, as a sign that they share in the plenitude of the episcopal office. Befoer it is sent, the pallium is laid on the tomb of St. Peter, where it remains all night.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The mantle of a bivalve. See <er>Mantle</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The mantle of a bird.</def>

<h1>Pall-mall</h1>
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<hw>Pall`-mall"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>palemail</ets>, It. <ets>pallamagio</ets>; <ets>palla</ets> a ball (of German origin, akin to E. <ets>ball</ets>) + <ets>magio</ets> hammer, fr. L. <ets>malleus</ets>. See lst <er>Ball</er>, and <er>Mall</er> a beetle.]</ety> <def>A game formerly common in England, in which a wooden ball was driven with a mallet through an elevated hoop or ring of iron. The name was also given to the mallet used, to the place where the game was played, and to the street, in London, still called <i>Pall Mall</i>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pail-mail</asp> and <asp>pell-mell</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Sir K. Digby. Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Pallone</h1>
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<hw>Pal*lo"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., a large ball, fr. <ets>palla</ets> ball. See <er>Balloon</er>.]</ety> <def>An Italian game, played with a large leather ball.</def>

<h1>Pallor</h1>
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<hw>Pal"lor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>pallere</ets> to be or look pale. See <er>Pale</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Paleness; want of color; pallidity; <as>as, <ex>pallor</ex> of the complexion</as>.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Palm</h1>
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<hw>Palm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>paume</ets>, F. <ets>paume</ets>, L. <ets>palma</ets>, Gr. <?/, akin to Skr. <ets>p\'beni</ets> hand, and E. <ets>fumble</ets>. See <er>Fumble</er>, <er>Feel</er>, and cf. 2d <er>Palm</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The inner and somewhat concave part of the hand between the bases of the fingers and the wrist.</def>

<blockquote>Clench'd her fingers till they bit the <b>palm</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lineal measure equal either to the breadth of the hand or to its length from the wrist to the ends of the fingers; a hand; -- used in measuring a horse's height.</def>

<note>&hand; In Greece, the palm was reckoned at three inches. The Romans adopted two measures of this name, the lesser palm of 2.91 inches, and the greater palm of 8.73 inches. At the present day, this measure varies in the most arbitrary manner, being different in each country, and occasionally varying in the same.</note>

<i>Internat. Cyc.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Sailmaking)</fld> <def>A metallic disk, attached to a strap, and worn the palm of the hand, -- used to push the needle through the canvas, in sewing sails, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The broad flattened part of an antler, as of a full-grown fallow deer; -- so called as resembling the palm of the hand with its protruding fingers.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The flat inner face of an anchor fluke.</def>

<h1>Palm</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Palm</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>palm</ets>, L. <ets>palma</ets>; -- so named fr. the leaf resembling a hand. See lst <er>Palm</er>, and cf. <er>Pam</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any endogenous tree of the order <spn>Palm\'91</spn> or <spn>Palmace\'91</spn>; a palm tree.</def>

<note>&hand; Palms are perennial woody plants, often of majestic size. The trunk is usually erect and rarely branched, and has a roughened exterior composed of the persistent bases of the leaf stalks. The leaves are borne in a terminal crown, and are supported on stout, sheathing, often prickly, petioles. They are usually of great size, and are either pinnately or palmately many-cleft. There are about one thousand species known, nearly all of them growing in tropical or semitropical regions. The wood, petioles, leaves, sap, and fruit of many species are invaluable in the arts and in domestic economy. Among the best known are the date palm, the cocoa palm, the fan palm, the oil palm, the wax palm, the palmyra, and the various kinds called cabbage palm and palmetto.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A branch or leaf of the palm, anciently borne or worn as a symbol of victory or rejoicing.</def>

<blockquote>A great multitude . . . stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, and <b>palme</b> in their hands.
<i>Rev. vii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: Any symbol or token of superiority, success, or triumph; also, victory; triumph; supremacy.</def> "The <i>palm</i> of martyrdom."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>So get the start of the majestic world
And bear the <b>palm</b> alone.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Molucca palm</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a labiate herb from Asia (<spn>Molucella l\'91vis</spn>), having a curious cup-shaped calyx.</cd> -- <col>Palm cabbage</col>, <cd>the terminal bud of a cabbage palm, used as food.</cd> -- <col>Palm cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common paradoxure.</cd> -- <col>Palm crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the purse crab.</cd> -- <col>Palm oil</col>, <cd>a vegetable oil, obtained from the fruit of several species of palms, as the African oil palm (<spn>El\'91is Guineensis</spn>), and used in the manufacture of soap and candles. See <er>El\'91is</er>.</cd> -- <col>Palm swift</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small swift (<spn>Cypselus Btassiensis</spn>) which frequents the palmyra and cocoanut palms in India. Its peculiar nest is attached to the leaf of the palmyra palm.</cd> -- <col>Palm toddy</col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Palm wine</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Palm weevil</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of mumerous species of very large weevils of the genus <spn>Rhynchophorus</spn>. The larv\'91 bore into palm trees, and are called <altname>palm borers</altname>, and <altname>grugru worms</altname>. They are considered excellent food.</cd> -- <col>Palm wine</col>, <cd>the sap of several species of palms, especially, in India, of the wild date palm (<spn>Ph\'d2nix sylvestrix</spn>), the palmyra, and the <spn>Caryota urens</spn>. When fermented it yields by distillation arrack, and by evaporation jaggery. Called also <altname>palm toddy</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Palm worm</col>, &or; <col>Palmworm</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The larva of a palm weevil</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A centipede.</cd></cs>

<h1>Palm</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Palm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Palmed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Palming</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To handle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To manipulate with, or conceal in, the palm of the hand; to juggle.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>palmed</b> the trick that lost the game.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To impose by frand, as by sleight of hand; to put by unfair means; -- usually with <i>off</i>.</def>

<blockquote>For you may <b>palm</b> upon us new for old.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Palmaceous</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal*ma"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to palms; of the nature of, or resembling, palms.</def>

<h1>Palma Christi</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal"ma Chris"ti</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., palm of Christ.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Ricinus communis</spn>) with ornamental peltate and palmately cleft foliage, growing as a woody perennial in the tropics, and cultivated as an herbaceous annual in temperate regions; -- called also <altname>castor-oil plant</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes corrupted into <asp>palmcrist</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Palmacite</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal"ma*cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil palm.</def>

<h1>Palmar</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal"mar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palmaris</ets>, fr. <ets>palma</ets> the palm of the hand: cf. F. <ets>palmaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or corresponding with, the palm of the hand.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the under side of the wings of birds.</def>

<h1>Palmarium</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal*ma"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Palmaria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Palmar</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the bifurcations of the brachial plates of a crinoid.</def>

<h1>Palmary</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal"ma*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Palmar.</def>

<h1>Palmary</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal"ma*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palmarius</ets>, <ets>palmaris</ets>, belonging to palms, deserving the palm or prize, fr. <ets>palma</ets> a palm.]</ety> <def>Worthy of the palm; palmy; pre\'89minent; superior; principal; chief; <as>as, <ex>palmary</ex> work</as>.</def>

<i>Br. Horne.</i>

<h1>Palmate</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>(Chem.) A salt of palmic acid; a ricinoleate.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<h1>Palmate, Palmated</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw><hw>Pal"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pal"ma*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palmatus</ets> marked with the palm of a hand, from <ets>palma</ets> the palm of the hand.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the shape of the hand; resembling a hand with the fingers spread.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Spreading from the apex of a petiole, as the divisions of a leaf, or leaflets, so as to resemble the hand with outspread fingers.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the anterior toes united by a web, as in most swimming birds; webbed.</def> See <i>Illust</i>. <it>(i)</it> under <er>Aves</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having the distal portion broad, flat, and more or less divided into lobes; -- said of certain corals, antlers, etc.</def>

<h1>Palmately</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal"mate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a palmate manner.</def>

<h1>Palmatifid</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal*mat"i*fid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palmatus</ets> palmate + root of <ets>findere</ets> to split.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Palmate, with the divisions separated but little more than halfway to the common center.</def>

<h1>Palmatilobed</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal*mat"i*lobed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palmatus</ets> palmate + E. <ets>lobed</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Palmate, with the divisions separated less than halfway to the common center.</def>

<h1>Palmatisect, Palmatisected</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pal*mat"i*sect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pal*mat`i*sect"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palmatus</ets> palmate + <ets>secare</ets> to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Divided, as a palmate leaf, down to the midrib, so that the parenchyma is interrupted.</def>

<h1>Palmcrist</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Palm"crist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The palma Christi. (<i>Jonah iv. 6, margin, and Douay version, note.</i>)</def>

<h1>Palmed</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Palmed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having or bearing a palm or palms.</def>

<cs><col>Paimed deer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a stag of full growth, bearing palms. See lst <er>Palm</er>, 4.</cd></cs>

<h1>Palmer</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Palm"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Palm</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>One who palms or cheats, as at cards or dice.</def>

<h1>Palmer</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Palm"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[From <er>Palm</er> the tree.]</ety> <def>A wandering religious votary; especially, one who bore a branch of palm as a token that he had visited the Holy Land and its sacred places.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Pilgrims and <b>palmers</b> plighted them together.
<i>P. Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The pilgrim had some home or dwelling place, the <b>palmer</b> had none. The pilgrim traveled to some certain, designed place or places, but the <b>palmer</b> to all.
<i>T. Staveley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Palmerworm</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Palm"er*worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any hairy caterpillar which appears in great numbers, devouring herbage, and wandering about like a palmer. The name is applied also to other voracious insects.</def> <i>Joel. i. 4.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In America, the larva of any one of several moths, which destroys the foliage of fruit and forest trees, esp. the larva of <spn>Ypsolophus pometellus</spn>, which sometimes appears in vast numbers.</def>

<h1>Palmette</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal*mette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>palme</ets> a palm.]</ety> <def>A floral ornament, common in Greek and other ancient architecture; -- often called <altname>the honeysuckle ornament</altname>.</def>

<h1>Palmetto</h1>
<Xpage=1033>

<hw>Pal*met"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>palm</ets> the tree: cf. Sp. <ets>palmito</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to palms of several genera and species growing in the West Indies and the Southern United States. In the United States, the name is applied especially to the <spn>Cham\'91rops, &or; Sabal, Palmetto</spn>, the cabbage tree of Florida and the Carolinas. See <cref>Cabbage tree</cref>, under <er>Cabbage</er>.
</def>

<hr>
<page="1034">
Page 1034<p>

<cs><col>Royal palmetto</col>, <cd>the West Indian <spn>Sabal umbraculifera</spn>, the trunk of which, when hollowed, is used for water pipes, etc. The leaves are used for thatching, and for making hats, ropes, etc.</cd> -- <col>Saw palmetto</col>, <cd><spn>Sabal serrulata</spn>, a native of Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida. The nearly impassable jungle which it forms is called <i>palmetto scrub<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Palmic</h1>
<Xpage=1034>

<hw>Pal"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>palmique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the castor-oil plant (<spn>Ricinus communis</spn>, or <spn>Palma Christi</spn>); -- formerly used to designate an acid now called <i>ricinoleic acid</i>.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<h1>Palmidactyles</h1>
<Xpage=1034>

<hw>Pal`mi*dac"ty*les</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Palm</er>, and <er>Dactyl</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of wading birds having the toes webbed, as the avocet.</def>

<h1>Palmiferous</h1>
<Xpage=1034>

<hw>Pal*mif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>palmifer</ets>; <ets>palma</ets> a palm + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>palmif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing palms.</def>

<h1>Palmigrade</h1>
<Xpage=1034>

<hw>Pal"mi*grade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palma</ets> palm of the hand + <ets>gradi</ets> to walk.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Putting the whole foot upon the ground in walking, as some mammals.</def>

<h1>Palmin</h1>
<Xpage=1034>

<hw>Pal"min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>palma</ets> Christi: cf. F. <ets>palmine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A white waxy or fatty substance obtained from castor oil.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def> Ricinolein.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Palmiped</h1>
<Xpage=1034>

<hw>Pal"mi*ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>palmipes</ets>, <ets>-edis</ets>, broad-footed; <ets>palma</ets> the palm of the hand + <ets>pes</ets> a foot; cf. F. <ets>palmip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Web-footed, as a water fowl.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A swimming bird; a bird having webbed feet.</def></def2>

<h1>Palmipedes</h1>
<Xpage=1034>

<hw>Pal*mip"e*des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Natatores</er>.</def>

<h1>Palmister</h1>
<Xpage=1034>

<hw>Pal"mis*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Palm</er> of the hand.]</ety> <def>One who practices palmistry</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Palmistry</h1>
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<hw>Pal`mis*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[See <er>Palmister</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or practice of divining or telling fortunes, or of judging of character, by the lines and marks in the palm of the hand; chiromancy.</def>

<i>Ascham. Cowper.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dexterous use or trick of the hand.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Palmitate</h1>
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<hw>Pal"mi*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of palmitic acid.</def>

<h1>Palmite</h1>
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<hw>Pal"mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Palm</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A South African plant (<spn>Prionium Palmita</spn>) of the Rush family, having long serrated leaves. The stems have been used for making brushes.</def>

<h1>Palmitic</h1>
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<hw>Pal*mit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, palmitin or palm oil; <as>as, <ex>palmitic</ex> acid, a white crystalline body belonging to the fatty acid series</as>. It is readily soluble in hot alcohol, and melts to a liquid oil at 62&deg; C.</def>

<h1>Palmitin</h1>
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<hw>Pal"mi*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called because abundant in <ets>palm</ets> oil.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A solid crystallizable fat, found abundantly in animals and in vegetables. It occurs mixed with stearin and olein in the fat of animal tissues, with olein and butyrin in butter, with olein in olive oil, etc. Chemically, it is a glyceride of palmitic acid, three molecules of palmitic acid being united to one molecule of glyceryl, and hence it is technically called <altname>tripalmitin</altname>, or <altname>glyceryl tripalmitate</altname>.</def>

<h1>Palmitolic</h1>
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<hw>Pal`mi*tol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Palmit</ets>ic + <ets>-ol</ets>eic + <ets>ic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an artificial acid of the oleic acid series, isomeric with linoleic acid.</def>

<h1>Palmitone</h1>
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<hw>Pal"mi*tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The ketone of palmitic acid.</def>

<h1>Palm Sunday</h1>
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<hw>Palm" Sun`day</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The Sunday next before Easter; -- so called in commemoration of our Savior's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, when the multitude strewed palm branches in the way.</def>

<h1>Palmy</h1>
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<hw>Palm"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bearing palms; abounding in palms; derived from palms; <as>as, a <ex>palmy</ex> shore</as>.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>His golden sands and <b>palmy</b> wine.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Worthy of the palm; flourishing; prosperous.</def>

<blockquote>In the most high and <b>palmy</b> state of Rome.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Palmyra</h1>
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<hw>Pal*my"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of palm (<spn>Borassus flabelliformis</spn>) having a straight, black, upright trunk, with palmate leaves. It is found native along the entire northern shores of the Indian Ocean, from the mouth of the Tigris to New Guinea. More than eight hundred uses to which it is put are enumerated by native writers. Its wood is largely used for building purposes; its fruit and roots serve for food, its sap for making toddy, and its leaves for thatching huts.</def>

<h1>Palola</h1>
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<hw>Pa*lo"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Fr. the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An annelid (<spn>Palola viridis</spn>) which, at certain seasons of the year, swarms at the surface of the sea about some of the Pcific Islands, where it is collected for food.</def>

<h1>Pallometa</h1>
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<hw>Pal`lo*me"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A pompano.</def>

<h1>Palp</h1>
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<hw>Palp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>palpe</ets>. See <er>Palpable</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Palpus</er>.</def>

<h1>Palp</h1>
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<hw>Palp</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palpare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>palper</ets>.]</ety> <def>To have a distinct touch or feeling of; to feel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To bring a <b>palp\'8ad darkness o'er the earth</b>.
<i>Heywood.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Palpability</h1>
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<hw>Pal`pa*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being palpable, or perceptible by the touch.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Palpable</h1>
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<hw>Pal"pa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>palpable</ets>, L. <ets>palpabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>palpare</ets> to feel, stroke; cf. <ets>palpus</ets> the soft palm of the hand.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being touched and felt; perceptible by the touch; <as>as, a <ex>palpable</ex> form</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Darkness must overshadow all his bounds,
<b>Palpable</b> darkness.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Easily perceptible; plain; distinct; obvious; readily perceived and detected; gross; <as>as, <ex>palpable</ex> imposture; <ex>palpable</ex> absurdity; <ex>palpable</ex> errors.</as></def> "Three persons <i>palpable</i>."

<i>P. Plowman.</i>

<blockquote>[Lies] gross as a mountain, open, <b>palpable</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pal"pa*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Pal"pa*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Palpation</h1>
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<hw>Pal*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palpatio</ets>, fr. <ets>palpare</ets>. See <er>Palpable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of touching or feeling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Examination of a patient by touch.</def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<h1>Palpator</h1>
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<hw>Pal*pa"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a stroker.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a family of clavicorn beetles, including those which have very long maxillary palpi.</def>

<h1>Palpebra</h1>
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<hw>Pal"pe*bra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Palpebr\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The eyelid.</def>

<h1>Palpebral</h1>
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<hw>Pal"pe*bral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palpebralis</ets>, fr. <ets>palpebra</ets>: cf. F. <ets>palp\'82bral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the eyelids.</def>

<h1>Palprbrate</h1>
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<hw>Pal"pr*brate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having eyelids.</def>

<h1>Palped</h1>
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<hw>Palped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a palpus.</def>

<h1>Palpi</h1>
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<hw>Pal"pi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <def><tt>pl.</tt> of <er>Palpus</er>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> See <er>Palpus</er>.</def>

<h1>Palpicorn</h1>
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<hw>Pal"pi*corn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Palpus</er>, and <er>Cornu</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group of aquatic beetles (<spn>Palpicornia</spn>) having short club-shaped antenn\'91, and long maxillary palpi.</def>

<h1>Palpifer</h1>
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<hw>Pal"pi*fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Palpus</ets> + L. <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Palpiger</er>.</def>

<h1>Palpiform</h1>
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<hw>Pal"pi*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Palpus</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>palpiforme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a palpus.</def>

<h1>Palpiger</h1>
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<hw>Pal"pi*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Palpigerous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That portion of the labium which bears the palpi in insects.</def>

<h1>Palpigerous</h1>
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<hw>Pal*pig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Palpus</ets> + <ets>-gerous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Bearing a palpus.</def>

<i>Kirby.</i>

<h1>Palpitant</h1>
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<hw>Pal"pi*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palpitans</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Palpitating; throbbing; trembling.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Palpitate</h1>
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<hw>Pal"pi*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Palpitated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Palpitating</er><tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>palpitare</ets>, <ets>palpitatum</ets>, v. intens. fr. <ets>pappare</ets>. See <er>Palpable</er>.]</ety> <def>To beat rapidly and more strongly than usual; to throb; to bound with emotion or exertion; to pulsate violently; to flutter; -- said specifically of the heart when its action is abnormal, as from excitement.</def>

<h1>Palpitation</h1>
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<hw>Pal`pi*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palpitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>palpitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A rapid pulsation; a throbbing; esp., an abnormal, rapid beating of the heart as when excited by violent exertion, strong emotion, or by disease.</def>

<h1>Palpless</h1>
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<hw>Palp"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without a palpus.</def>

<h1>Palpocil</h1>
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<hw>Pal"po*cil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Palpus</er>, and <er>Cilium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A minute soft filamentary process springing from the surface of certain hydroids and sponges.</def>

<h1>Palpus</h1>
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<hw>Pal"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Palpi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Palp</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A feeler; especially, one of the jointed sense organs attached to the mouth organs of insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and annelids; <as>as, the mandibular <ex>palpi</ex>, maxillary <ex>palpi</ex>, and labial <ex>palpi</ex></as>. The palpi of male spiders serve as sexual organs. Called also <altname>palp</altname>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Arthrogastra</er> and <er>Orthoptera</er>.</def>

<h1>Palsgrave</h1>
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<hw>Pals"grave`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>paltsgraaf</ets>; <ets>palts</ets> palace (l. <ets>palatium</ets>) + <ets>graaf</ets> count; cf. G. <ets>pfalzgraf</ets>. See <er>Palace</er>, and <er>Landgrave</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Ger. Hist.)</fld> <def>A count or earl who presided in the domestic court, and had the superintendence, of a royal household in Germany.</def>

<h1>Palsgravine</h1>
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<hw>Pals"gra*vine`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[D. <ets>paltsgravin</ets>: cf. G. <ets>pfalzgrafin</ets>.]</ety> <def>The consort or widow of a palsgrave.</def>

<h1>Palsical</h1>
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<hw>Pal"si*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[From <er>Palsy</er>.]</ety> <def>Affected with palsy; palsied; paralytic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Palsied</h1>
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<hw>Pal"sied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with palsy; paralyzed.</def>

<h1>Palstave</h1>
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<hw>Pal"stave`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dan. <ets>paalstav</ets>.]</ety> <def>A peculiar bronze adz, used in prehistoric Europe about the middle of the bronze age.</def>

<i>Dawkins.</i>

<h1>Palster</h1>
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<hw>Pal"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>palsterstaf</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pilgrim's staff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Palsy</h1>
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<hw>Pal"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Palsies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>palesie</ets>, <ets>parlesy</ets>, OF. <ets>paralesie</ets>, F. <ets>paralysie</ets>, L. <ets>paralysis</ets>. See <er>Paralysis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Paralysis, complete or partial. See <er>Paralysis</er>.</def> "One sick of the <i>palsy</i>."

<i>Mark ii. 3.</i>

<cs><col>Bell's palsy</col>, <cd>paralysis of the facial nerve, producing distortion of one side of the face; -- so called from Sir Charles <i>Bell<i>, an English surgeon who described it.</cd> -- <col>Scrivener's palsy</col>. <cd>See <cref>Writer's cramp</cref>, under <er>Writer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Shaking palsy</col>, <cd><i>paralysis agitans<i>, a disease usually occurring in old people, characterized by muscular tremors and a peculiar shaking and tottering gait.</cd></cs>

<h1>Palsy</h1>
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<hw>Pal"sy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Palsied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Palsying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To affect with palsy, or as with palsy; to deprive of action or energy; to paralyze.</def>

<h1>Palsywort</h1>
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<hw>Pal"sy*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The cowslip (<spn>Primula veris</spn>); -- so called from its supposed remedial powers.</def>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Palter</h1>
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<hw>Pal"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Paltered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Paltering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Paltry</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To haggle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act in insincere or deceitful manner; to play false; to equivocate; to shift; to dodge; to trifle.</def>

<blockquote>Romans, that have spoke the word,
And will not <b>palter</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who never sold the truth to serve the hour,
Nor <b>paltered</b> with eternal God for power.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To babble; to chatter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Palter</h1>
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<hw>Pal"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To trifle with; to waste; to squander in paltry ways or on worthless things.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Palter</i> out your time in the penal statutes."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Palterer</h1>
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<hw>Pal"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who palters.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Palterly</h1>
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<hw>Pal"ter*ly</hw>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Paltry; shabby; shabbily; paltrily.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark> "In <i>palterly</i> clothes."

<i>Pepys.</i>

<h1>Paltock</h1>
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<hw>Pal"tock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Paletot</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of doublet; a jacket.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Paltrily</h1>
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<hw>Pal"tri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a paltry manner.</def>

<h1>Paltriness</h1>
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<hw>Pal"tri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being paltry.</def>

<h1>Paltry</h1>
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<hw>Pal"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Paltrier</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Paltriest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E. <ets>paltry</ets> refuse, rubbish, LG. <ets>paltering</ets> ragged, <ets>palte</ets>, <ets>palter</ets>, a rag, a tatter, Dan. <ets>pialt</ets>, Sw. <ets>palta</ets>, pl. <ets>paltor</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mean; vile; worthless; despicable; contemptible; pitiful; trifling; <as>as, a <ex>paltry</ex> excuse; <ex>paltry</ex> gold.</as></def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>paltry</b> prize is hardly worth the cost.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Contemptible</er>.</syn>

<h1>Paludal</h1>
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<hw>Pa*lu"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palus</ets>, <ets>-udis</ets>, a marsh.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to marshes or fens; marshy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<cs><col>Paludal fever</col>, <cd>malarial fever; -- so called because generated in marshy districts.</cd></cs>

<h1>Paludament</h1>
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<hw>Pa*lu"da*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Paludamentum</er>.</def>

<h1>Paludamentum</h1>
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<hw>Pa*lu`da*men*tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Paladumenta</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <fld>(Rom.</plu> <def>Antiq.)</fld> A military cloak worn by a general and his principal officers.</def>

<h1>Paludicol\'91</h1>
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<hw>Pal`u*dic"o*l\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>palus</ets>, <ets>-udis</ets>, a marsh + <ets>colere</ets> to inhabit.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of birds, including the cranes, rails, etc.</def>

<h1>Paludicole</h1>
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<hw>Pa*lu"di*cole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>paludicole</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Marsh-inhabiting; belonging to the Paludicol\'91</def>

<h1>Paludina</h1>
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<hw>Pal`u*di"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Paludin\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Paludinas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>palus</ets>, <ets>-udis</ets>, a marsh, pool.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of freshwater pectinibranchiate mollusks, belonging to <spn>Paludina</spn>, <spn>Melantho</spn>, and allied genera. They have an operculated shell which is usually green, often with brown bands. See <i>Illust</i>. of <i>Pond snail</i>, under <er>Pond</er>.</def>

<h1>Paludinal</h1>
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<hw>Pal`u*di"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inhabiting ponds or swamps.</def>

<h1>Paludine</h1>
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<hw>Pal"u*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>palus</ets>, <ets>-udis</ets>, a marsh.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a marsh.</def>

<i>Buckland.</i>

<h1>Paludinous</h1>
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<hw>Pa*lu"di*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Paludinal. <sd>(b)</sd> Like or pertaining to the genus Paludina.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a marsh or fen.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Paludism</h1>
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<hw>Pa*lu"dism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The morbid phenomena produced by dwelling among marshes; malarial disease or disposition.</def>

<h1>Paludose</h1>
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<hw>Pal"u*dose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>paludosus</ets> marshy.]</ety> <def>Growing or living in marshy places; marshy.</def>

<h1>Palule</h1>
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<hw>Pal"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Palulus</er> <i>or</i> <er>Palus</er>.</def>

<h1>Palulus</h1>
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<hw>Pal"u*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Paluli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>palus</ets> a stake.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Palus</er>.</def>

<h1>Palus</h1>
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<hw>Pa"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pali</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a stake.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several upright slender calcareous processes which surround the central part of the calicle of certain corals.</def>

<h1>Palustral</h1>
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<hw>Pa*lus"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paluster</ets>, <ets>-ustris</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a bog or marsh; boggy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Palustrine</h1>
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<hw>Pa*lus"trine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or living in, a marsh or swamp; marshy.</def>

<h1>Paly</h1>
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<hw>Pal"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pale</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Pale; wanting color; dim.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak. Whittier.</i>

<h1>Paly</h1>
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<hw>Pal"y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pal\'82</ets>. See <er>Pale</er> a stake.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Divided into four or more equal parts by perpendicular lines, and of two different tinctures disposed alternately.</def>

<h1>Pam</h1>
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<hw>Pam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Palm</er> victory; cf. <ets>trump</ets>, fr. <ets>triumph</ets>.]</ety> <def>The knave of clubs.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Pament</h1>
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<hw>Pa"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pavement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pampano</h1>
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<hw>Pam"pa*no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pompano</er>.</def>

<h1>Pampas</h1>
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<hw>Pam"pas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. Peruv. <ets>pampa</ets> a field, plain.]</ety> <def>Vast plains in the central and southern part of the Argentine Republic in South America. The term is sometimes used in a wider sense for the plains extending from Bolivia to Southern Patagonia.</def>

<cs><col>Pampas cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a South American wild cat (<spn>Felis pajeros</spn>). It has oblique transverse bands of yellow or brown. It is about three and a half feet long. Called also <altname>straw cat</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Pampas deer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small, reddish-brown, South American deer (<spn>Cervus, &or; Blastocerus, campestris</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Pampas grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a very tall ornamental grass (<spn>Gynerium argenteum</spn>) with a silvery-white silky panicle. It is a native of the pampas of South America.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pamper</h1>
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<hw>Pam"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pampered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pampering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. LG. <ets>pampen</ets>, <ets>slampampen</ets>, to live luxuriously, <ets>pampe</ets> thick pap, and E. <ets>pap</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To feed to the full; to feed luxuriously; to glut; <as>as, to <ex>pamper</ex> the body or the appetite</as>.</def> "A body . . . <i>pampered</i> for corruption."

<i>Dr. T. Dwight.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To gratify inordinately; to indulge to excess; <as>as, to <ex>pamper</ex> pride; to <ex>pamper</ex> the imagination.</as></def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Pampered</h1>
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<hw>Pam"pered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fed luxuriously; indulged to the full; hence, luxuriant.</def> "<i>Pampered</i> boughs." <i>Milton</i>. "<i>Pampered</i> insolence." <i>Pope</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Pam"pered*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Pamperer</h1>
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<hw>Pam"per*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, pampers.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Pamperize</h1>
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<hw>Pam"per*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pamper.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sydney Smith.</i>

<h1>Pampero</h1>
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<hw>Pam*pe"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[Sp., fr. <ets>pampa</ets> a plain.]</ety> <def>A violent wind from the west or southwest, which sweeps over the pampas of South America and the adjacent seas, often doing great damage.</def>

<i>Sir W. Parish.</i>

<h1>Pamperos</h1>
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<hw>Pam*pe"ros</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Pampero</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <ety>[Sp. American.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians inhabiting the pampas of South America.</def>

<h1>Pamphlet</h1>
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<hw>Pam"phlet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pamflet</ets>, <ets>pamfilet</ets>, <ets>paunflet</ets>, possibly fr. OF. <ets>palme</ets> the palm of the hand, F. <ets>paume</ets> (see <er>Palm</er>) + OF. <ets>fueillet</ets> a leaf, dim. of <ets>fueil</ets>, m., F. <ets>feuille</ets>, f., fr. L. <ets>folium</ets>, pl. <ets>folia</ets>, thus meaning, a leaf to be held in the hand; or perh. through old French, fr. L. <ets>Pamphila</ets>, a female historian of the first century who wrote many epitomes; prob., however, fr. OF. <ets>Pamflette</ets>, the Old French name given to <ets>Pamphilus</ets>, a poem in Latin verse of the 12th century, pamphlets being named from the popularity of this poem.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A writing; a book.</def>

<i>Testament of love.</i>

<blockquote>Sir Thomas More in his <b>pamphlet</b> of Richard the Third.
<i>Ascham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small book consisting of a few sheets of printed paper, stitched together, often with a paper cover, but not bound; a short essay or written discussion, usually on a subject of current interest.</def>

<hr>
<page="1035">
Page 1035<p>

<h1>Pamphlet</h1>
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<hw>Pam"phlet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To write a pamphlet or pamphlets.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Pamphleteer</h1>
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<hw>Pam`phlet*eer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of pamphlets; a scribbler.</def>

<i>Dryden. Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Pamphleteer</h1>
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<hw>Pam`phlet*eer"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To write or publish pamphlets.</def>

<blockquote>By <b>pamphleteering</b> we shall not win.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pampiniform</h1>
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<hw>Pam*pin"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pampinus</ets> a tendril + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>In the form of tendrils; -- applied especially to the spermatic and ovarian veins.</def>

<h1>Pampre</h1>
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<hw>Pam"pre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pampre</ets> a vine branch, L. <ets>pampinus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Sculp.)</fld> <def>An ornament, composed of vine leaves and bunches of grapes, used for decorating spiral columns.</def>

<h1>Pamprodactylous</h1>
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<hw>Pam`pro*dac"tyl*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pan-</ets> + Gr. <?/ forward + <?/ finger.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having all the toes turned forward, as the colies.</def>

<h1>Pan-, Panta-, Panto-</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pan-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pan"ta-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pan"to-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, m., <?/,neut., gen. <?/, all.]</ety> <def>Combining forms signifying <i>all</i>, <i>every</i>; <as>as, <ex>pano</ex>rama, <ex>pan</ex>theism, <ex>panta</ex>graph, <ex>panto</ex>graph</as>. <i>Pan-</i> becomes <i>pam-</i> before <i>b</i> or <i>p</i>, as <i>pam</i>prodactylous.</def>

<h1>Pan</h1>
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<hw>Pan</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. See 2d <er>Pane</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A part; a portion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The distance comprised between the angle of the epaule and the flanked angle.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Perh. a different word.]</ety> <def>A leaf of gold or silver.</def>

<h1>Pan</h1>
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<hw>Pan</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pan</ets> skirt, lappet, L. <ets>pannus</ets> a cloth, rag, W. <ets>panu</ets> to fur, to full.]</ety> <def>To join or fit together; to unite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Pan</h1>
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<hw>Pan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>p\'ben</ets>, Skr. <ets>parna</ets> leaf.]</ety> <def>The betel leaf; also, the masticatory made of the betel leaf, etc. See <er><?/etel</er>.</def>

<h1>Pan</h1>
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<hw>Pan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>The god of shepherds, guardian of bees, and patron of fishing and hunting. He is usually represented as having the head and trunk of a man, with the legs, horns, and tail of a goat, and as playing on the shepherd's pipe, which he is said to have invented.</def>

<h1>Pan</h1>
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<hw>Pan</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>panne</ets>, AS. <ets>panne</ets>; cf. D. <ets>pan</ets>, G. <ets>pfanne</ets>, OHG. <ets>pfanna</ets>, Icel., Sw., LL., & Ir. <ets>panna</ets>, of uncertain origin; cf. L. <ets>patina</ets>, E. <ets>paten</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shallow, open dish or vessel, usually of metal, employed for many domestic uses, as for setting milk for cream, for frying or baking food, etc.; also employed for various uses in manufacturing.</def> "A bowl or a <i>pan</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Manuf.)</fld> <def>A closed vessel for boiling or evaporating. See <cref>Vacuum pan</cref>, under <er>Vacuum</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The part of a flintlock which holds the priming.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The skull, considered as a vessel containing the brain; the upper part of the head; the brainpan; the cranium.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(C<?/rp.)</fld> <def>A recess, or bed, for the leaf of a hinge.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The hard stratum of earth that lies below the soil. See <cref>Hard pan</cref>, under <er>Hard</er>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A natural basin, containing salt or fresh water, or mud.</def>

<cs><col>Flash in the pan</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flash</er>.</cd> -- <col>To savor of the pan</col>, <cd>to suggest the process of cooking or burning; in a theological sense, to be heretical.</cd></cs>

<i>Ridley. Southey.</i>

<h1>Pan</h1>
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<hw>Pan</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Panned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Panning</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To separate, as gold, from dirt or sand, by washing in a kind of pan.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<blockquote>We . . . witnessed the process of cleaning up and <b>panning</b> out, which is the last process of separating the pure gold from the fine dirt and black sand.
<i>Gen. W. T. Sherman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pan</h1>
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<hw>Pan</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To yield gold in, or as in, the process of panning; -- usually with <i>out</i>; <as>as, the gravel <ex>panned</ex> out richly</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To turn out (profitably or unprofitably); to result; to develop; <as>as, the investigation, or the speculation, <ex>panned</ex> out poorly</as>.</def> <mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark>

<-- Pan v.t. & i., to scan (a movie camera), usu. in a horizontal direction, to obtain a panoramic effect; also, to move the camera so as to keep the subject in view.
  2. to criticise (a drama or literary work) harshly. -->

<h1>Panabase</h1>
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<hw>Pan"a*base</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pan-</ets> + <ets>base</ets>. So called in allusion to the number of metals contained in it.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Tetrahedrite</er>.</def>

<h1>Panacea</h1>
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<hw>Pan`a*ce"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ all-healing; <?/, <?/, all + <?/ to heal.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A remedy for all diseases; a universal medicine; a cure-all; catholicon; hence, a relief or solace for affliction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The herb allheal.</def>

<h1>Panacean</h1>
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<hw>Pan`a*ce"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the properties of a panacea.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Panacean</i> dews."

<i>Whitehead.</i>

<h1>Panache</h1>
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<hw>Pa*nache"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>penna</ets> a feather. See <er>Pen</er> a feather.]</ety> <def>A plume or bunch of feathers, esp. such a bunch worn on the helmet; any military plume, or ornamental group of feathers.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>panache</b> of variegated plumes.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Panada, Panade</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pa*na"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pa*nade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>panada</ets>, fr. L. <ets>panis</ets> bread: cf. F. <ets>panade</ets>. See <er>Pantry</er>.]</ety> <def>Bread boiled in water to the consistence of pulp, and sweetened or flavored.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>panado</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Panade</h1>
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<hw>Pa*nade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dagger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Panama hat</h1>
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<hw>Pan`a*ma" hat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A fine plaited hat, made in Central America of the young leaves of a plant (<spn>Carludovica palmata</spn>).</def>

<h1>Pan-American</h1>
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<hw>Pan`-A*mer"i*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pan-</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to both North and South America.</def>

<h1>Pan-Anglican</h1>
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<hw>Pan`-An"gli*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pan-</ets> + <ets>Anglican</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or representing, the whole Church of England; used less strictly, to include the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States; <as>as, the <ex>Pan-Anglican</ex> Conference at Lambeth, in 1888</as>.</def>

<h1>Panary</h1>
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<hw>Pan"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>panis</ets> bread.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to bread or to breadmaking.</def>

<h1>Panary</h1>
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<hw>Pan"a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A storehouse for bread.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Pancake</h1>
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<hw>Pan"cake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thin cake of batter fried in a pan or on a griddle; a griddlecake; a flapjack.</def> "A <i>pancake</i> for Shrove Tuesday."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pancarte</h1>
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<hw>Pan"carte`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>pancharta</ets>. See <er>Pan-</er>, and <er>Carte</er>.]</ety> <def>A royal charter confirming to a subject all his possessions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Pance</h1>
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<hw>Pance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pansy.</def> <altsp>[Also <asp>paunce</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Panch</h1>
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<hw>Panch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Paunch</er>.</def>

<h1>Panchway</h1>
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<hw>Panch"way</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>pan<?/oi</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A Bengalese four-oared boat for passengers.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>panshway</asp> and <asp>paunchwas</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Malcom.</i>

<h1>Pancratian</h1>
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<hw>Pan*cra"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pancratic; athletic.</def>

<h1>Pancratiast</h1>
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<hw>Pan*cra"ti*ast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who engaged in the contests of the pancratium.</def>

<h1>Pancratiastic</h1>
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<hw>Pan*cra`ti*as"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the pancratium.</def>

<i>G. West.</i>

<h1>Pancratic</h1>
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<hw>Pan*crat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ all-powerful.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Having all or many degrees of power; having a great range of power; -- said of an eyepiece made adjustable so as to give a varying magnifying power.</def>

<h1>Pancratic, Pancratical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pan*crat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pan*crat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pancratium</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the pancratium; athletic.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne</i>

<h1>Pancratist</h1>
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<hw>Pan"cra*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An athlete; a gymnast.</def>

<h1>Pancratium</h1>
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<hw>Pan*cra"ti*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a complete contest, fr. <?/ all-powerful; <?/, <?/, all + <?/ strength.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An athletic contest involving both boxing and wrestling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of Old World amaryllideous bulbous plants, having a funnel-shaped perianth with six narrow spreading lobes. The American species are now placed in the related genus <spn>Hymenocallis</spn>.</def>

<h1>Pancreas</h1>
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<hw>Pan"cre*as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, all + <?/ flesh, meat: cf. F. <ets>pancr\'82as</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The sweetbread, a gland connected with the intestine of nearly all vertebrates. It is usually elongated and light-colored, and its secretion, called the pancreatic juice, is discharged, often together with the bile, into the upper part of the intestines, and is a powerful aid in digestion. See <i>Illust</i>. of <cref>Digestive apparatus</cref>.</def>

<h1>Pancreatic</h1>
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<hw>Pan`cre*at"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pancr\'82atique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the pancreas; <as>as, the <ex>pancreatic</ex> secretion, digestion, ferments</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Pancreatic juice</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>a colorless alkaline fluid secreted intermittently by the pancreatic gland. It is one of the most important of the digestive fluids, containing at least three distinct ferments, trypsin, steapsin and an amylolytic ferment, by which it acts upon all three classes of food stuffs. See <er>Pancreas</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pancreatin</h1>
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<hw>Pan"cre*a*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pancreas</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the digestive ferments of the pancreatic juice; also, a preparation containing such a ferment, made from the pancreas of animals, and used in medicine as an aid to digestion.</def>

<note>&hand; By some the term <i>pancreatin</i> is restricted to the amylolytic ferment of the pancreatic juice, by others it is applied to trypsin, and by still others to <i>steapsin</i>.</note>

<h1>Pancy</h1>
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<hw>Pan"cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pansy</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Panda</h1>
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<hw>Pan"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small Asiatic mammal (<spn>Ailurus fulgens</spn>) having fine soft fur. It is related to the bears, and inhabits the mountains of Northern India.</def>

<h1>Pandanus</h1>
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<hw>Pan*da"nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Malay <ets>pandan</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of endogenous plants. See <er>Screw pine</er>.</def>

<h1>Pandar</h1>
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<hw>Pan"dar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Pander</er>.</def> "Seized by the <i>pandar</i> of Appius."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Pandarism</h1>
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<hw>Pan"dar*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Panderism</er>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Pandarize</h1>
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<hw>Pan"dar*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To pander.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pandarous</h1>
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<hw>Pan"dar*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Panderous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pandean</h1>
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<hw>Pan*de"an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 4th <er>Pan</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to the god Pan.</def>

<cs><col>Pandean pipes</col>, <cd>a primitive wind instrument, consisting of a series of short hollow reeds or pipes, graduated in length by the musical scale, and fastened together side by side; a syrinx; a mouth organ; -- said to have been invented by Pan. Called also <altname>Pan's pipes</altname> and <altname>Panpipes</altname>.</cd></cs><-- also, pipes of Pan -->

<h1>Pandect</h1>
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<hw>Pan"dect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pandecta</ets>, <ets>pandectes</ets>, Gr. <?/ all-receiving, all-containing; <?/, <?/, all + <?/ to receive: cf. F. <ets>pandectes</ets>, pl.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A treatise which comprehends the whole of any science.</def>

<blockquote>[Thou] a <b>pandect</b> mak'st, and universal book.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The digest, or abridgment, in fifty books, of the decisions, writings, and opinions of the old Roman jurists, made in the sixth century by direction of the emperor Justinian, and forming the leading compilation of the Roman civil law.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Pandemic</h1>
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<hw>Pan*dem"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pandemus</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/, <?/, all + <?/ the people: cf. F. <ets>pand\'82mique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affecting a whole people or a number of countries; everywhere epidemic.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A pandemic disease.</def></def2>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Pandemonium</h1>
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<hw>Pan`de*mo"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, <?/, all + <?/ a demon.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The great hall or council chamber of demons or evil spirits.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An utterly lawless, riotous place or assemblage.</def>

<h1>Pander</h1>
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<hw>Pan"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Pandarus</ets>, a leader in the Trojan army, who is represented by Chaucer and Shakespeare as having procured for Troilus the possession of Cressida.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A male bawd; a pimp; a procurer.</def>

<blockquote>Thou art the <b>pander</b> to her dishonor.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, one who ministers to the evil designs and passions of another.</def>

<blockquote>Those wicked <b>panders</b> to avarice and ambition.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pander</h1>
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<hw>Pan"der</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pandered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pandering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To play the pander for.</def>

<-- pander to (base emotions), to achieve one's purpose by appealing to a person's base emotions (less noble desires), as lust, prejudice, hate; to exploit base emotions -->

<h1>Pander</h1>
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<hw>Pan"der</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act the part of a pander.</def>

<h1>Panderage</h1>
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<hw>Pan"der*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of pandering.</def>

<h1>Panderism</h1>
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<hw>Pan"der*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The employment, arts, or practices of a pander.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Panderly</h1>
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<hw>Pan"der*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the quality of a pander.</def> "O, you <i>panderly</i> rascals."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pandermite</h1>
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<hw>Pan*der"mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Panderma</ets>, a port on the Black Sea from which it is exported.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous borate of lime, near priceite.</def>

<h1>Panderous</h1>
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<hw>Pan"der*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, Of or relating to a pander; characterizing a pander.</def>

<h1>Pandiculated</h1>
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<hw>Pan*dic"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pandiculation</er>.]</ety> <def>Extended; spread out; stretched.</def>

<h1>Pandiculation</h1>
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<hw>Pan*dic`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pandiculari</ets> to stretch one's self, fr. <ets>pandere</ets> to spread out.]</ety> <def>A stretching and stiffening of the trunk and extremities, as when fatigued and drowsy.</def>

<h1>Pandit</h1>
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<hw>Pan"dit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pundit</er>.</def>

<h1>Pandoor</h1>
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<hw>Pan"door</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Pandour</er>.</def>

<h1>Pandora</h1>
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<hw>Pan*do"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <grk>Pandw`ra</grk>; <grk>pa^s</grk>, <grk>pa^n</grk>, all + <grk>dw^ron</grk> a gift.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A beautiful woman (<i>all-gifted</i>), whom Jupiter caused Vulcan to make out of clay in order to punish the human race, because Prometheus had stolen the fire from heaven. Jupiter gave Pandora a box containing all human ills, which, when the box was opened, escaped and spread over the earth. Hope alone remained in the box. Another version makes the box contain all the blessings of the gods, which were lost to men when Pandora opened it.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine bivalves, in which one valve is flat, the other convex.</def>

<h1>Pandore</h1>
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<hw>Pan"dore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Bandore</er>.]</ety> <def>An ancient musical instrument, of the lute kind; a bandore.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pandoran</asp>.]</altsp><-- a bandura? -->

<h1>Pandour</h1>
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<hw>Pan"dour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of a class of Hungarian mountaineers serving in the Austrian army; -- so called from <i>Pandur</i>, a principal town in the region from which they originally came.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pandoor</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Her whiskered <b>pandours</b> and her fierce hussars.
<i>Campbell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pandowdy</h1>
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<hw>Pan*dow"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A deep pie or pudding made of baked apples, or of sliced bread and apples baked together, with no bottom crust.</def>

<h1>Pandurate, Panduriform</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pan"du*rate</hw>, <hw>Pan*du"ri*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pandura</ets> a pandore + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>panduriforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Obovate, with a concavity in each side, like the body of a violin; fiddle-shaped; <as>as, a <ex>panduriform</ex> leaf; <ex>panduriform</ex> color markings of an animal.</as></def>

<h1>Pane</h1>
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<hw>Pane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>panne</ets>.]</ety> <def>The narrow edge of a hammer head. See <er>Peen</er>.</def>

<h1>Pane</h1>
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<hw>Pane</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pan</ets> part, portion of a thing, F. <ets>pan</ets> a skirt, lappet, part or piece of a wall, side, fr. L. <ets>pannus</ets> a cloth, fillet, rag; akin to E. <ets>vane</ets>. See <er>Vane</er>, and cf. <er>Panel</er>, <er>Pawn</er> pledge.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A division; a distinct piece, limited part, or compartment of any surface; a patch; hence, a square of a checkered or plaided pattern.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the openings in a slashed garment, showing the bright colored silk, or the like, within; hence, the piece of colored or other stuff so shown.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A compartment of a surface, or a flat space; hence, one side or face of a building; <as>as, an octagonal tower is said to have eight <ex>panes</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Especially, in modern use, the glass in one compartment of a window sash.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In irrigating, a subdivision of an irrigated surface between a feeder and an outlet drain.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the flat surfaces, or facets, of any object having several sides.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the eight facets surrounding the table of a brilliant cut diamond.</def>

<h1>Paned</h1>
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<hw>Paned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having panes; provided with panes; also, having openings; <as>as, a <ex>paned</ex> window; <ex>paned</ex> window sash.</as></def> "<i>Paned</i> hose."

<i>Massinger.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>Having flat sides or surfaces; <as>as, a six<?/<ex>paned</ex> nut</as>.</def>

<h1>Panegyric</h1>
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<hw>Pan`e*gyr"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>panegyricus</ets>, Gr. <grk>panhgyrico`s</grk>: cf. F. <ets>pan\'82gyrique</ets>. See <er>Panegyric</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>An oration or eulogy in praise of some person or achievement; a formal or elaborate encomium; a laudatory discourse; laudation. See Synonym of <er>Eulogy</er>.</def>

<h1>Panegyric, Panegyrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pan`e*gyr"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pan`e*gyr"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>panegyricus</ets>, Gr. <grk>panhgyrico`s</grk>, from <?/ an assembly of the people, a high festival; <grk>pa^</grk>, <grk>pa^n</grk> all + <?/, an assembly.]</ety> <def>Containing praise or eulogy; encomiastic; laudatory.</def> "<i>Panegyric</i> strains." <i>Pope</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Pan`e*gyr"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Some of his odes are <b>panegyrical</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Panegyris</h1>
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<hw>Pa*neg"y*ris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Panegyric</er>.]</ety> <def>A festival; a public assembly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>S. Harris.</i>

<h1>Panegyrist</h1>
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<hw>Pan"e*gyr`ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>panegyrista</ets>, Gr. <?/ one who attends a <?/: cf. <?/ to celebrate or attend a public festival, to make a set speech, esp. a panegyric, in a public assembly. See <er>Panegyric</er>.]</ety> <def>One who delivers a panegyric; a eulogist; one who extols or praises, either by writing or speaking.</def>

<blockquote>If these <b>panegyrists</b> are in earnest.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Panegyrize</h1>
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<hw>Pan"e*gy*rize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Panegyrized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Panegyrizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Panegyrist</er>.]</ety> <def>To praise highly; to extol in a public speech; to write or deliver a panegyric upon; to eulogize.</def>

<h1>Panegyrize</h1>
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<hw>Pan"e*gy*rize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To indulge in panegyrics.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Panegyry</h1>
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<hw>Pan"e*gyr`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A panegyric.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Panel</h1>
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<hw>Pan"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Orig., a little piece; OF. <ets>panel</ets>, <ets>pannel</ets>, F. <ets>panneau</ets>, dim. of <ets>pan</ets> skirt, lappet, part or piece of a wall, side. See 2d <er>Pane</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A sunken compartment with raised margins, molded or otherwise, as in ceilings, wainscotings, etc.</def>

<hr>
<page="1036">
Page 1036<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A piece of parchment or a schedule, containing the names of persons summoned as jurors by the sheriff; hence, more generally, the whole jury.</def> <i>Blackstone</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A prisoner arraigned for trial at the bar of a criminal court.</def> <i>Burrill</i>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Formerly, a piece of cloth serving as a saddle; hence, a soft pad beneath a saddletree to prevent chafing.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Joinery)</fld> <def>A board having its edges inserted in the groove of a surrounding frame; <as>as, the <ex>panel</ex> of a door</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>One of the faces of a hewn stone.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Painting)</fld> <def>A slab or plank of wood upon which, instead of canvas, a picture is painted.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A heap of dressed ore.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the districts divided by pillars of extra size, into which a mine is laid off in one system of extracting coal.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Dressmaking)</fld> <def>A plain strip or band, as of velvet or plush, placed at intervals lengthwise on the skirt of a dress, for ornament.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A portion of a framed structure between adjacent posts or struts, as in a bridge truss.</def>

<cs><col>Panel game</col>, <cd>a method of stealing money in a panel house.</cd> -- <col>Panel house</col>, <cd>a house of prostitution in which the rooms have secret entrances to facilitate theft by accomplices of the inmates.</cd> -- <col>Panel saw</col>, <cd>handsaw with fine teeth, -- used for cutting out panels, etc.</cd> -- <col>Panel thief</col>, <cd>one who robs in a panel house.</cd></cs>

<h1>Panel</h1>
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<hw>Pan"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Paneled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Panelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Paneling</er> or <er>Panelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To form in or with panels; <as>as, to <ex>panel</ex> a wainscot</as>.</def><-- to put panels on (e.g. a wall) -->

<cs><col>Paneled back</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the paneled work covering the window back. See <er>Window back</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Panelation</h1>
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<hw>Pan`el*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of impaneling a jury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>panellation</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Paneless</h1>
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<hw>Pane"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without panes.</def>

<blockquote>To patch his <b>paneless</b> window.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paneling</h1>
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<hw>Pan"el*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A forming in panels; panelwork.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>panelling</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Panelwork</h1>
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<hw>Pan"el*work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Wainscoting.</def>

<h1>Paneulogism</h1>
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<hw>Pan*eu"lo*gism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pan-</er>, <er>Eulogy</er>.]</ety> <def>Eulogy of everything; indiscriminate praise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Her book has a trace of the cant of <b>paneulogism</b>.
<i>National Rev.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Panful</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Panfuls</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See 5th <er>Pan</er>.]</ety> <def>Enough to fill a pan.</def>

<h1>Pang</h1>
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<hw>Pang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. for older <ets>prange</ets>. Cf. <er>Prong</er>.]</ety> <def>A paroxysm of extreme pain or anguish; a sudden and transitory agony; a throe; <as>as, the <ex>pangs</ex> of death</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Agony; anguish; distress. See <er>Agony</er>.</syn>

<h1>Pang</h1>
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<hw>Pang</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To torture; to cause to have great pain or suffering; to torment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pangenesis</h1>
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<hw>Pan*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pan-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An hypothesis advanced by Darwin in explanation of heredity.</def>

<note>&hand; The theory rests on the assumption, that the whole organization, in the sense of every separate atom or unit, reproduces itself, the cells throwing off minute granules called <i>gemmules</i>, which circulate freely throughout the system and multiply by subdivision. These gemmules collect in the reproductive organs and products, or in buds, so that the egg or bud contains gemmules from all parts of the parent or parents, which in development give rise to cells in the offspring similar to those from which they were given off in the parent. The hypothesis also assumes that these gemmules need not in all cases develop into cells, but may lie dormant, and be transmitted from generation to generation without producing a noticeable effect until a case of atavism occurs.</note><-- ingenious, but wrong.  A hundred years later we are still only beginning to understand the development process.  -->

<h1>Pangenetic</h1>
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<hw>Pan`ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to pangenesis.</def>

<h1>Pangful</h1>
<Xpage=1036>

<hw>Pang"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of pangs.</def>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<h1>Pangless</h1>
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<hw>Pang"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a pang; painless.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Pangolin</h1>
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<hw>Pan"go*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>pang<?/lang</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of <spn>Manis</spn>, <spn>Pholidotus</spn>, and related genera, found in Africa and Asia. They are covered with imbricated scales, and feed upon ants. Called also <altname>scaly ant-eater</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pangothic</h1>
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<hw>Pan*goth"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pan-</ets> + <ets>Gothic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or including, all the Gothic races.</def> "Ancestral <i>Pangothic</i> stock."

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Panhellenic</h1>
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<hw>Pan`hel*len"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Panhellenium</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to all Greece, or to Panhellenism; including all Greece, or all the Greeks.</def>

<h1>Panhellenism</h1>
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<hw>Pan*hel"len*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A scheme to unite all the Greeks in one political body.</def>

<h1>Panhellenist</h1>
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<hw>Pan*hel"len*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An advocate of Panhellenism.</def>

<h1>Panhellenium</h1>
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<hw>Pan`hel*le"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, all + <?/ the Greeks.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An assembly or association of Greeks from all the states of Greece.</def>

<h1>Panic</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>panicum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Panicum</spn>; panic grass; also, the edible grain of some species of panic grass.</def>

<cs><col>Panic grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any grass of the genus <spn>Panicum</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Panic</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of or pertaining to <?/ Pan, to whom the causing of sudden fright was ascribed: cf. F. <ets>panique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Extreme or sudden and causeless; unreasonable; -- said of fear or fright; <as>as, <ex>panic</ex> fear, terror, alarm</as>.</def> "A <i>panic</i> fright."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Panic</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ (with or without <?/ fear): cf. F. <ets>panigue</ets>. See <er>Panic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden, overpowering fright; esp., a sudden and groundless fright; terror inspired by a trifling cause or a misapprehension of danger; <as>as, the troops were seized with a <ex>panic</ex>; they fled in a <ex>panic</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By extension: A sudden widespread fright or apprehension concerning financial affairs.</def>

<h1>Panical</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Panic</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Panicle</h1>
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<hw>Pan"i*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>panicula</ets> a tuft on plants, dim. of <ets>panus</ets> the thread wound upon the bobbin in a shuttle; cf. Gr. <?/, <?/; prob. akin to E. <ets>pane</ets>: cf. F. <ets>panicule</ets>. See 2d <er>Pane</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A pyramidal form of inflorescence, in which the cluster is loosely branched below and gradually simpler toward the end.</def>
<-- Illustr. of a panicle -->

<h1>Panicled</h1>
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<hw>Pan"i*cled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Furnished with panicles; arranged in, or like, panicles; paniculate.</def>

<h1>Panic-stricken, Panic-struck</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pan"ic-strick`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pan"ic-struck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Struck with a panic, or sudden fear.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Paniculate, Paniculated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pa*nic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pa*nic"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Panicle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Panicled</er>.</def>

<h1>Panicum</h1>
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<hw>Pan"i*cum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., panic grass.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of grasses, including several hundred species, some of which are valuable; panic grass.</def>

<h1>Panidiomorphic</h1>
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<hw>Pan*id`i*o*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pan-</ets> + <ets>idiomorphic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Having a completely idiomorphic structure; -- said of certain rocks.</def>

<h1>Panier</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pannier</er>, 3.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Panification</h1>
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<hw>Pan`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>panis</ets> bread + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make: cf. F. <ets>panification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of making bread.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Panim</h1>
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<hw>Pa"nim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Painim</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Panislamism</h1>
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<hw>Pan*is"lam*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pan-</ets> + <ets>Islamism</ets>.]</ety> <def>A desire or plan for the union of all Mohammedan nations for the conquest of the world.</def>

<h1>Panivorous</h1>
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<hw>Pa*niv"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>panis</ets> bread + <ets>vorare</ets> to devour.]</ety> <def>Eating bread; subsisting on bread.</def>

<h1>Pannade</h1>
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<hw>Pan*nade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The curvet of a horse.</def>

<h1>Pannage</h1>
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<hw>Pan"nage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pasnage</ets>, LL. <ets>pasnadium</ets>, <ets>pastinaticum</ets>, fr. <ets>pastionare</ets> to feed on mast, as swine, fr. L. <ets>pastio</ets> a pasturing, grazing. See <er>Pastor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The food of swine in the woods, as beechnuts, acorns, etc.; -- called also <altname>pawns</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tax paid for the privilege of feeding swine in the woods.</def>

<h1>Pannary</h1>
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<hw>Pan"na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Panary</er>.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<h1>Pannel</h1>
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<hw>Pan"nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Panel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of rustic saddle.</def>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>The stomach of a hawk.</def>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A carriage for conveying a mortar and its bed, on a march.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Pannier</h1>
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<hw>Pan"nier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>panier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>panarium</ets> a bread basket, fr. <ets>panis</ets> bread. Cf. <er>Pantry</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bread basket; also, a wicker basket (used commonly in pairs) for carrying fruit or other things on a horse or an ass</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A shield of basket work formerly used by archers as a shelter from the enemy's missiles.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A table waiter at the Inns of Court, London.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A framework of steel or whalebone, worn by women to expand their dresses; a kind of bustle.</def>

<h1>Panniered</h1>
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<hw>Pan"niered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bearing panniers.</def>

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<h1>Pannikel</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ni*kel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pan</er> a dish.]</ety> <def>The brainpan, or skull; hence, the crest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Pannikin</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ni*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>pan</ets> a dish.]</ety> <def>A small pan or cup.</def>

<i>Marryat. Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Pannose</h1>
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<hw>Pan"nose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pannus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Similar in texture or appearance to felt or woolen cloth.</def>

<h1>Pannus</h1>
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<hw>Pan"nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., cloth. See 2d <er>Pane</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A very vascular superficial opacity of the cornea, usually caused by granulation of the eyelids.</def>

<i>Foster.</i>

<h1>Panoistic</h1>
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<hw>Pan`o*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pan-</ets> + Gr. <?/ an egg.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Producing ova only; -- said of the ovaries of certain insects which do not produce vitelligenous cells.</def>

<h1>Panomphean</h1>
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<hw>Pan`om*phe"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>panomphaeus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Uttering ominous or prophetic voices; divining.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>We want no half gods, <b>panomphean</b> Joves.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Panoplied</h1>
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<hw>Pan"o*plied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dressed in panoply.</def>

<h1>Panoply</h1>
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<hw>Pan"o*ply</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, all + <?/ tool, implement, in pl., armor, arms.]</ety> <def>Defensive armor in general; a full suit of defensive armor.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>We had need to take the Christian <b>panoply</b>, to put on the whole armor of God.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Panopticon</h1>
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<hw>Pa*nop"ti*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pan-</er>, and <er>Optic</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A prison so contructed that the inspector can see each of the prisoners at all times, without being seen.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A room for the exhibition of novelties.</def>

<h1>Panorama</h1>
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<hw>Pan`o*ra"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, all + <?/ that which is seen, a view, fr. <?/ to see. See <er>Pan-</er>, and <er>Wary</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A complete view in every direction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A picture presenting a view of objects in every direction, as from a central point.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A picture representing scenes too extended to be beheld at once, and so exhibited a part at a time, by being unrolled, and made to pass continuously before the spectator.</def>

<h1>Panoramic, Panoramical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pan`o*ram"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pan`o*ram"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or like, a panorama.</def>

<cs><col>Panoramic camera</col>. <cd>See under <er>Camera</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Panorpian</h1>
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<hw>Pa*nor"pi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or pertaining to, the genus <spn>Panorpa</spn>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Panorpid</er>.</def></def2>

<h1>Panorpid</h1>
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<hw>Pa*nor"pid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any neuropterous insect of the genus <spn>Panorpa</spn>, and allied genera. The larv\'91 feed on plant lice.</def>

<h1>Panpharmacon</h1>
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<hw>Pan*phar"ma*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pan-</er>, and <er>Pharmacon</er>.]</ety> <def>A medicine for all diseases; a panacea.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Panpresbyterian</h1>
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<hw>Pan`pres`by*te"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pan-</ets> + <ets>Presbyterian</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or representative of, those who hold Presbyterian views in all parts of the world; <as>as, a <ex>Panpresbyterian</ex> council</as>.</def>

<h1>Pansclavic, Pansclavism, Pansclavist, Pansclavonian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pan`sclav"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pan`sclav"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pan`sclav"ist</hw>, <hw>Pan`scla*vo"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <def>See <er>Panslavic</er>, <er>Panslavism</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Panshon</h1>
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<hw>Pan"shon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An earthen vessel wider at the top than at the bottom, -- used for holding milk and for various other purposes.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Pansied</h1>
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<hw>Pan"sied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pansy</er>.]</ety> <def>Covered or adorned with pansies.</def> "The <i>pansied</i> grounds."

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Panslavic</h1>
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<hw>Pan`slav"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pan-</ets> + <ets>Slavic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to all the Slavic races.</def>

<h1>Panslavism</h1>
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<hw>Pan`slav"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A scheme or desire to unite all the Slavic races into one confederacy.</def>

<h1>Panslavist</h1>
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<hw>Pan`slav"ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who favors Panslavism.</def>

<h1>Panslavonian</h1>
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<hw>Pan`sla*vo"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Panslavic</er>.</def>

<h1>Pansophical</h1>
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<hw>Pan*soph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pansophy</er>.]</ety> <def>All-wise; claiming universal knowledge; <as>as, <ex>pansophical</ex> pretenders</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>John Worthington.</i>

<h1>Pansophy</h1>
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<hw>Pan"so*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pan-</ets> + Gr. <?/ wisdom, <?/ wise: cf. F. <ets>pansophie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Universal wisdom; esp., a system of universal knowledge proposed by Comenius (1592 -- 1671), a Moravian educator.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hartlib.</i>

<h1>Panspermatist, Panspermist</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pan*sper"ma*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pan"sper`mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A believer in panspermy; one who rejects the theory of spontaneous generation; a biogenist.</def>

<h1>Panspermic</h1>
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<hw>Pan`sper"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to panspermy; <as>as, the <ex>panspermic</ex> hypothesis</as>.</def>

<h1>Panspermy</h1>
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<hw>Pan"sper`my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pan-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a seed.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The doctrine of the widespread distribution of germs, from which under favorable circumstances bacteria, vibrios, etc., may develop.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The doctrine that all organisms must come from living parents; biogenesis; -- the opposite of <ant>spontaneous generation</ant>.</def>

<h1>Panstereorama</h1>
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<hw>Pan*ste`re*o*ra"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, all + <?/ solid + <?/ a view.]</ety> <def>A model of a town or country, in relief, executed in wood, cork, pasteboard, or the like.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Pansy</h1>
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<hw>Pan"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pansies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>Pens\'82e</ets> thought, pansy, fr. <ets>penser</ets> to think, L. <ets>pensare</ets> to weigh, ponder. See <er>Pensive</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus Viola (<spn>V. tricolor</spn>) and its blossom, originally purple and yellow. Cultivated varieties have very large flowers of a great diversity of colors. Called also <altname>heart's-ease</altname>, <altname>love-in-idleness</altname>, and many other quaint names.</def>

<h1>Pant</h1>
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<hw>Pant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Panted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Panting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>panteler</ets> to gasp for breath, OF. <ets>panteisier</ets> to be breathless, F. <ets>pantois</ets> out of breath; perh. akin to E. <ets>phantom</ets>, the verb prob. orig. meaning, to have the nightmare.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To breathe quickly or in a labored manner, as after exertion or from eagerness or excitement; to respire with heaving of the breast; to gasp.</def>

<blockquote>Pluto <b>plants</b> for breath from out his cell.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: To long eagerly; to desire earnestly.</def>

<blockquote>As the hart <b>panteth</b> after the water brooks.
<i>Ps. xlii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who <b>pants</b> for glory finds but short repose.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To beat with unnatural violence or rapidity; to palpitate, or throb; -- said of the heart.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To sigh; to flutter; to languish.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>The whispering breeze
<b>Pants</b> on the leaves, and dies upon the trees.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pant</h1>
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<hw>Pant</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To breathe forth quickly or in a labored manner; to gasp out.</def>

<blockquote>There is a cavern where my spirit
Was <b>panted</b> forth in anguish.
<i>Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To long for; to be eager after.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Then shall our hearts <b>pant</b> thee.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pant</h1>
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<hw>Pant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A quick breathing; a catching of the breath; a gasp.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A violent palpitation of the heart.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Panta-</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ta-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Pan-</er>.</def>

<h1>Pantable</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, n. See <er>Pantofle</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pantacosm</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ta*cosm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Panta-</ets>  + Gr. <?/ universe.]</ety> <def>See <er>Cosmolabe</er>.</def>

<h1>Pantagraph</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ta*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pantograph</er>.</def>

<h1>Pantagruelism</h1>
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<hw>Pan*tag"ru*el*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Pantagruel</ets>, one of the characters of Rabelais.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The theory or practice of the medical profession; -- used in burlesque or ridicule.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An assumption of buffoonery to cover some serious purpose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Donaldson.</i>

<h1>Pantalet</h1>
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<hw>Pan`ta*let"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>pantal<?/<?/n</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of the legs of the loose drawers worn by children and women; particularly, the lower part of such a garment, coming below the knee, often made in a separate piece; -- chiefly in the plural.</def>

<h1>Pantaloon</h1>
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<hw>Pan`ta*loon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pantalon</ets>, fr. It. <ets>pantalone</ets>, a masked character in the Italian comedy, who wore breeches and stockings that were all of one piece, from <ets>Pantaleone</ets>, the patron saint of Venice, which, as a baptismal name, is very frequent among the Venetians, and is applied to them by the other Italians as a nickname, fr. Gr. <?/, lit., all lion, a Greek personal name.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Aridiculous character, or an old dotard, in the Italian comedy; also, a buffoon in pantomimes.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>The sixth age shifts
Into the lean and slippered <b>pantaloon</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A bifurcated garment for a man, covering the body from the waist downwards, and consisting of breeches and stockings in one.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>In recent times, same as <er>Trousers</er>.</def>

<h1>Pantaloonery</h1>
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<hw>Pan`ta*loon"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The character or performances of a pantaloon; buffoonery.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Materials for pantaloons.</def>

<h1>Pantamorph</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ta*morph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which assumes, or exists in, all forms.</def>

<h1>Pantamorphic</h1>
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<hw>Pan`ta*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Panta-</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <def>Taking all forms.</def>

<h1>Pantascope</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ta*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Panta-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A pantascopic camera.</def>

<h1>Pantascopic</h1>
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<hw>Pan`ta*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Viewing all; taking a view of the whole. See under <er>Camera</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="1037">
Page 1037<p>

<h1>Pantastomata</h1>
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<hw>Pan`ta*stom"a*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, all + <?/, <?/, mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the divisions of Flagellata, including the monads and allied forms.</def>

<h1>Pantechnicon</h1>
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<hw>Pan*tech"ni*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pan-</er>, and <er>Technic</er>.]</ety> <def>A depository or place where all sorts of manufactured articles are collected for sale.</def>

<h1>Pantelegraph</h1>
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<hw>Pan*tel"e*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pan-</ets> + <ets>telegraph</ets>.]</ety> <def>See under <er>Telegraph</er>.</def>

<h1>Panter</h1>
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<hw>Pant"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pants.</def>

<i>Congreve.</i>

<h1>Panter</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[F. <ets>panetier</ets>. See <er>Pantry</er>.]</ety> <def>A keeper of the pantry; a pantler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tyndale.</i>

<h1>Panter</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Painter</er> a rope.]</ety> <def>A net; a noose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Panteutonic</h1>
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<hw>Pan`teu*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pan-</ets> + <ets>Teutonic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to all the Teutonic races.</def>

<h1>Pantheism</h1>
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<hw>Pan"the*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pan-</ets> + <ets>theism</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine that the universe, taken or conceived of as a whole, is God; the doctrine that there is no God but the combined force and laws which are manifested in the existing universe; cosmotheism.</def>

<h1>Pantheist</h1>
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<hw>Pan"the*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who holds to pantheism.</def>

<h1>Pantheistic, Pantheistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pan`the*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pan`the*is"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to pantheism; founded in, or leading to, pantheism.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pan`the*is"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pantheologist</h1>
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<hw>Pan`the*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in pantheology.</def>

<h1>Pantheology</h1>
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<hw>Pan`the*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pan-</ets> + <ets>theology</ets>.]</ety> <def>A system of theology embracing all religions; a complete system of theology.</def>

<h1>Pantheon</h1>
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<hw>Pan*the"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pantheon</ets>, <ets>pantheum</ets>, Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), fr. <?/ of all gods; <?/, <?/, all + <?/ a god: cf. F. <ets>panth\'82on</ets>. See <er>Pan-</er>, and <er>Theism</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A temple dedicated to all the gods; especially, the building so called at Rome.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The collective gods of a people, or a work treating of them; <as>as, a divinity of the Greek <ex>pantheon</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Panther</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ther</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pantere</ets>, F. <ets>panth\'8are</ets>, L. <ets>panthera</ets>, Gr. <?/, prob. fr. Skr. <ets>pundr\'c6ka</ets> a tiger.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large dark-colored variety of the leopard, by some zo\'94logists considered a distinct species. It is marked with large ringlike spots, the centers of which are darker than the color of the body.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>In America, the name is applied to the puma, or cougar, and sometimes to the jaguar.</def>

<-- Illustr. of Panther (Felis leopardus, or pardus) -->

<cs><col>Panther cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the ocelot.</cd> -- <col>Panther cowry</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a spotted East Indian cowry (<spn>Cypr\'91a pantherina</spn>); -- so called from its color.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pantheress</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ther*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A female panther.</def>

<h1>Pantherine</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ther*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a panther, esp. in color; <as>as, the <ex>pantherine</ex> snake (<spn>Ptyas mucosus</spn>) of Brazil</as>.</def>

<h1>Pantile</h1>
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<hw>Pan"tile`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[5th <ets>pan + tile</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A roofing tile, of peculiar form, having a transverse section resembling an elongated S laid on its side (<?/).</def>

<h1>Pantingly</h1>
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<hw>Pant"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With palpitation or rapid breathing.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pantisocracy</h1>
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<hw>Pan`ti*soc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Panto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ equal + <?/ to rule.]</ety> <def>A Utopian community, in which all should rule equally, such as was devised by Coleridge, Lovell, and Southey, in their younger days.</def>

<h1>Pantisocrat</h1>
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<hw>Pan*tis"o*crat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pantisocratist.</def>

<h1>Pantisocratic</h1>
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<hw>Pan`ti*so*crat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a pantisocracy.</def>

<h1>Pantisocratist</h1>
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<hw>Pan`ti*soc"ra*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who favors or supports the theory of a pantisocracy.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Pantler</h1>
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<hw>Pan"tler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>panetier</ets>. See <er>Panter</er>, <er>Pantry</er>.]</ety> <def>The servant or officer, in a great family, who has charge of the bread and the pantry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Panto-</h1>
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<hw>Pan"to-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Pan-</er>.</def>

<h1>Pantochronometer</h1>
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<hw>Pan`to*chro*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Panto-</ets> + <ets>chronometer</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument combining a compass, sundial, and universal time dial.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Pantofle</h1>
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<hw>Pan*to"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pantoufle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A slipper for the foot.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pantable</asp> and <asp>pantoble</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pantograph</h1>
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<hw>Pan"to*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Panto-</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pantographe</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for copying plans, maps, and other drawings, on the same, or on a reduced or an enlarged, scale.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pantagraph</asp>, and incorrectly <asp>pentagraph</asp>.]</altsp>

<-- 2. an electrical trolley supported by a collapsible frame, resembling a pantograph (1). -->

<cs><col>Skew pantograph</col>, <cd>a kind of pantograph for drawing a copy which is inclined with respect to the original figure; -- also called <altname>plagiograph</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pantographic, Pantographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pan`to*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pan`to*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pantographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a pantograph; relating to pantography.</def>

<h1>Pantography</h1>
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<hw>Pan*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pantographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A general description; entire view of an object.</def>

<h1>Pantological</h1>
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<hw>Pan`to*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to pantology.</def>

<h1>Pantologist</h1>
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<hw>Pan*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in pantology; a writer of pantology.</def>

<h1>Pantology</h1>
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<hw>Pan*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Panto-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A systematic view of all branches of human knowledge; a work of universal information.</def>

<h1>Pantometer</h1>
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<hw>Pan*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Panto-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pantom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring angles for determining elevations, distances, etc.</def>

<h1>Pantometry</h1>
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<hw>Pan*tom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Universal measurement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Pan`to*met"ric</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Pantomime</h1>
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<hw>Pan"to*mime</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>pantomimus</ets>, Gr. <?/, lit., all-imitating; <?/, <?/, all + <?/ to imitate: cf. It. <ets>pantomimo</ets>. See <er>Mimic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A universal mimic; an actor who assumes many parts; also, any actor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who acts his part by gesticulation or dumb show only, without speaking; a pantomimist.</def>

<blockquote>[He] saw a <b>pantomime</b> perform so well that he could follow the performance from the action alone.
<i>Tylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A dramatic representation by actors who use only dumb show; hence, dumb show, generally.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A dramatic and spectacular entertainment of which dumb acting as well as burlesque dialogue, music, and dancing by Clown, Harlequin, etc., are features.</def>

<h1>Pantomime</h1>
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<hw>Pan"to*mime</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Representing only in mute actions; pantomimic; <as>as, a <ex>pantomime</ex> dance</as>.</def>

<h1>Pantomimic, Pantomimical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pan`to*mim"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pan`to*mim"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pantomimique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the pantomime; representing by dumb show.</def> "<i>Pantomimic</i> gesture." <i>Bp. Warburton</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Pan`to*mim"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pantomimist</h1>
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<hw>Pan"to*mi`mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An actor in pantomime; also, a composer of pantomimes.</def>

<h1>Panton</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>patin</ets>. See <er>Patten</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A horseshoe to correct a narrow, hoofbound heel.</def>

<h1>Pantophagist</h1>
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<hw>Pan*toph"a*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pantophagous</er>.]</ety> <def>A person or an animal that has the habit of eating all kinds of food.</def>

<h1>Pantophagous</h1>
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<hw>Pan*toph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, all + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <def>Eating all kinds of food.</def>

<h1>Pantophagy</h1>
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<hw>Pan*toph"a*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>The habit or power of eating all kinds of food.</def>

<h1>Pantopoda</h1>
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<hw>Pan*top"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Panto-</er>, & <er>-poda</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pycnogonida</er>.</def>

<h1>Pantoscopic</h1>
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<hw>Pan`to*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Panto-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets> + <ets>-ic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Literally, seeing everything; -- a term applied to eyeglasses or spectacles divided into two segments, the upper being designed for distant vision, the lower for vision of near objects.</def><-- = bifocal -->

<h1>Pantry</h1>
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<hw>Pan"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pantries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>pantrie</ets>, F. <ets>paneterie</ets>, fr. <ets>panetier</ets> pantler, LL. <ets>panetarius</ets> baker, <ets>panetus</ets> small loaf of bread, L. <ets>panis</ets> bread. Cf. <er>Company</er>, <er>Pannier</er>, <er>Pantler</er>.]</ety> <def>An apartment or closet in which bread and other provisions are kept.</def>

<h1>Panurgic</h1>
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<hw>Pan*ur"gic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gr. <?/ knavish.]</ety> <def>Skilled in all kinds of work.</def> "The <i>panurgic</i> Diderot."

<i>J. Morley.</i>

<h1>Panurgy</h1>
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<hw>Pan"ur*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, properly, ready to do anything; hence, knavish, roguish; <?/, <?/, all + <?/ work.]</ety> <def>Skill in all kinds of work or business; craft.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Panyard</h1>
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<hw>Pan"yard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pannier</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pepys.</i>

<h1>Panym</h1>
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<hw>Pa"nym</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <def>See <er>Panim</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Panzoism</h1>
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<hw>Pan*zo"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pan-</ets> + Gr. <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A term used to denote all of the elements or factors which constitute vitality or vital energy.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Paolo</h1>
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<hw>Pa"o*lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. Cf. <er>Paul</er>.]</ety> <def>An old Italian silver coin, worth about ten cents.</def>

<h1>Pap</h1>
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<hw>Pap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OSw. <ets>papp</ets>. Cf. <er>Pap</er> soft food.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A nipple; a mammilla; a teat.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>paps</b> which thou hast sucked.
<i>Luke xi. 27.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rounded, nipplelike hill or peak; anything resembling a nipple in shape; a mamelon.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Pap</h1>
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<hw>Pap</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>pap</ets>, G. <ets>pappe</ets>, both perh. fr. L. <ets>papa</ets>, <ets>pappa</ets>, the word with which infants call for food: cf. It. <ets>pappa</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A soft food for infants, made of bread boiled or softtened in milk or water.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Nourishment or support from official patronage; <as>as, <ex>treasury</ex> pap</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. & Contemptuous]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The pulp of fruit.</def>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Pap</h1>
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<hw>Pap</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To feed with pap.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Papa</h1>
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<hw>Pa*pa"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>papa</ets>, L. <ets>papa</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/, <?/, a child's word meaning father. Cf. <er>Pope</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A child's word for father.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A parish priest in the Greek Church.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Papabote</h1>
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<hw>Pa`pa*bo"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Probably of Creole origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The upland plover.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Papacy</h1>
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<hw>Pa"pa*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>papatia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>papa</ets> a father, bishop. See <er>Pope</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The office and dignity of the pope, or pontiff, of Rome; papal jurisdiction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The popes, collectively; the succession of popes.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The Roman Catholic religion; -- commonly used by the opponents of the Roman Catholics in disparagement or in an opprobrious sense.</def>

<h1>Papagay</h1>
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<hw>Pap"a*gay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Popinjay</er>, 1 <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Papain</h1>
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<hw>Pa*pa"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Papaw</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A proteolytic ferment, like trypsin, present in the juice of the green fruit of the papaw (<spn>Carica Papaya</spn>) of tropical America.</def>

<h1>Papal</h1>
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<hw>Pa"pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>papa</ets> bishop. See <er>Papacy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the pope of Rome; proceeding from the pope; ordered or pronounced by the pope; <as>as, <ex>papal</ex> jurisdiction; a <ex>papal</ex> edict; the <ex>papal</ex> benediction.</as></def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church.</def> "<i>Papal</i> Christians."

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<cs><col>Papal cross</col>. <cd>See <i>Illust<i>. 3 of <er>Cross</er>.</cd> -- <col>Papal crown</col>, <cd>the tiara.</cd></cs>

<h1>Papalist</h1>
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<hw>Pa"pal*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A papist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Baxter.</i>

<h1>Papality</h1>
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<hw>Pa*pal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>papalitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>papaut\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The papacy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ld. Berners. Milton.</i>

<h1>Papalize</h1>
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<hw>Pa"pal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make papal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Papalize</h1>
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<hw>Pa"pal*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To conform to popery.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Papally</h1>
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<hw>Pa"pal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a papal manner; popishly</def>

<h1>Papalty</h1>
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<hw>Pa"pal*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The papacy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Papaphobia</h1>
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<hw>Pa`pa*pho"bi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>papa</ets> bishop + Gr. <?/ to fear.]</ety> <def>Intense fear or dread of the pope, or of the Roman Catholic Church.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Paparchy</h1>
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<hw>Pa"par*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>papa</ets> bishop + <ets>-archy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Government by a pope; papal rule.</def>

<h1>Papaver</h1>
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<hw>Pa*pa"ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., poppy.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, including the poppy.</def>

<h1>Papaveraceous</h1>
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<hw>Pa*pav`er*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants (<spn>Papaverace\'91</spn>) of which the poppy, the celandine, and the bloodroot are well-known examples.</def>

<h1>Papaverine</h1>
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<hw>Pa*pav"er*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid found in opium. It has a weaker therapeutic action than morphine.</def>

<h1>Papaverous</h1>
<Xpage=1037>

<hw>Pa*pav"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the poppy; of the nature of the poppy.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Papaw</h1>
<Xpage=1037>

<hw>Pa*paw"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from the native name in the West Indies; cf. Sp. <ets>papayo</ets> papaw, <ets>papaya</ets> the fruit of the papaw.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pawpaw</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree (<spn>Carica Papaya</spn>) of tropical America, belonging to the order <spn>Passiflore\'91</spn>. It has a soft, spongy stem, eighteen or twenty feet high, crowned with a tuft of large, long-stalked, palmately lobed leaves. The milky juice of the plant is said to have the property of making meat tender. Also, its dull orange-colored, melon-shaped fruit, which is eaten both raw and cooked or pickled.</def><-- juice contains papain, a protease? -->

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree of the genus <spn>Asimina</spn> (<spn>A. triloba</spn>), growing in the western and southern parts of the United States, and producing a sweet edible fruit; also, the fruit itself.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Papboat</h1>
<Xpage=1037>

<hw>Pap"boat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of sauce boat or dish.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large spiral East Indian marine shell (<spn>Turbinella rapha</spn>); -- so called because used by native priests to hold the oil for anointing.</def>

<h1>Pape</h1>
<Xpage=1037>

<hw>Pape</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pape</ets>, fr. L. <ets>papa</ets>. See <er>Pope</er>.]</ety> <def>A spiritual father; specifically, the pope.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Papejay</h1>
<Xpage=1037>

<hw>Pa"pe*jay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A popinjay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Paper</h1>
<Xpage=1037>

<hw>Pa"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>papier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>papyrus</ets> papyrus, from which the Egyptians made a kind of paper, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Papyrus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A substance in the form of thin sheets or leaves intended to be written or printed on, or to be used in wrapping. It is made of rags, straw, bark, wood, or other fibrous material, which is first reduced to pulp, then molded, pressed, and dried.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sheet, leaf, or piece of such substance.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A printed or written instrument; a document, essay, or the like; a writing; <as>as, a <ex>paper</ex> read before a scientific society</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They brought a <b>paper</b> to me to be signed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A printed sheet appearing periodically; a newspaper; a journal; <as>as, a daily <ex>paper</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Negotiable evidences of indebtedness; notes; bills of exchange, and the like; <as>as, the bank holds a large amount of his <ex>paper</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Decorated hangings or coverings for walls, made of paper. See <cref>Paper hangings</cref>, below.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A paper containing (usually) a definite quantity; <as>as, a <ex>paper</ex> of pins, tacks, opium, etc</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A medicinal preparation spread upon paper, intended for external application; <as>as, cantharides <ex>paper</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; Paper is manufactured in sheets, the trade names of which, together with the regular sizes in inches, are shown in the following table. But paper makers vary the size somewhat.</note>

<-- insert table of paper trade names and sizes -->

<note> In the manufacture of books, etc., a sheet, of whatever size originally, is termed, when folded once, a <i>folio</i>; folded twice, a <i>quarto</i>, or <i>4to</i>; three times, an <i>octavo</i>, or <i>8vo</i>; four times, a <i>sextodecimo</i>, or 16<i>mo</i>; five times, a 32<i>mo</i>; three times, with an offcut folded twice and set in, a <i>duodecimo</i>, or 12<i>mo</i>; four times, with an offcut folded three times and set in, a 24<i>mo</i>.</note>

<hr>
<page="1038">
Page 1038<p>

<note>&hand; <i>Paper</i> is often used adjectively or in combination, having commonly an obvious signification; as, <i>paper</i> cutter or <i>paper</i>-cutter; <i>paper</i> knife, <i>paper</i>-knife, or <i>paper</i>knife; <i>paper</i> maker, <i>paper</i>-maker, or <i>paper</i>maker; <i>paper</i> mill or <i>paper</i>-mill; <i>paper</i> weight, <i>paper</i>-weight, or <i>paper</i>weight, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Business paper</col>, <cd>checks, notes, drafts, etc., given in payment of actual indebtedness; -- opposed to <i>accommodation paper<i>.</cd> -- <col>Fly paper</col>, <cd>paper covered with a sticky preparation, -- used for catching flies.</cd> -- <col>Laid paper</col>. <cd>See under <er>Laid</er>.</cd> -- <col>Paper birch</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the canoe birch tree (<spn>Betula papyracea</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Paper blockade</col>, <cd>an ineffective blockade, as by a weak naval force.</cd> -- <col>Paper boat</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a boat made of water-proof paper.</cd> -- <col>Paper car wheel</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a car wheel having a steel tire, and a center formed of compressed paper held between two plate-iron disks. <i>Forney</i>.</cd> -- <col>Paper credit</col>, <cd>credit founded upon evidences of debt, such as promissory notes, duebills, etc.</cd> -- <col>Paper hanger</col>, <cd>one who covers walls with paper hangings.</cd> -- <col>Paper hangings</col>, <cd>paper printed with colored figures, or otherwise made ornamental, prepared to be pasted against the walls of apartments, etc.; wall paper.</cd> -- <col>Paper house</col>, <cd>an audience composed of people who have come in on free passes.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Paper money</col></mcol>, <cd>notes or bills, usually issued by government or by a banking corporation, promising payment of money, and circulated as the representative of coin.</cd> -- <col>Paper mulberry</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under Mulberry.</cd> -- <col>Paper muslin</col>, <cd>glazed muslin, used for linings, etc.</cd> -- <col>Paper nautilus</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Argonauta</er>.</cd> -- <col>Paper reed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the papyrus.</cd> -- <col>Paper sailor</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See Argonauta.</cd> -- <col>Paper stainer</col>, <cd>one who colors or stamps wall paper. <i>De Colange</i>.</cd> -- <col>Paper wasp</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any wasp which makes a nest of paperlike material, as the yellow jacket.</cd> -- <col>Paper weight</col>, <cd>any object used as a weight to prevent loose papers from being displaced by wind, or otherwise.</cd> -- <col>Parchment paper</col>. <cd>See <er>Papyrine</er>.</cd> -- <col>Tissue paper</col>, <cd>thin, gauzelike paper, such as is used to protect engravings in books.</cd> -- <col>Wall paper</col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Paper hangings</cref>, above.</cd> -- <col>Waste paper</col>, <cd>paper thrown aside as worthless or useless, except for uses of little account.</cd> -- <col>Wove paper</col>, <cd>a writing paper with a uniform surface, not ribbed or watermarked.</cd></cs><-- paper tiger, a person or group that appears to be powerful and dangerous but is in fact weak and ineffectual -->

<h1>Paper</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to paper; made of paper; resembling paper; existing only on paper; unsubstantial; <as>as, a <ex>paper</ex> box; a <ex>paper</ex> army.</as></def>

<h1>Paper</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa"per</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Papered</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Papering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover with paper; to furnish with paper hangings; <as>as, to <ex>paper</ex> a room or a house</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fold or inclose in paper.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To put on paper; to make a memorandum of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Paperweight</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa"per*weight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See under <er>Paper</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Papery</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa"per*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like paper; having the thinness or consistence of paper.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Papescent</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa*pes"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pap</er> soft food.]</ety> <def>Containing or producing pap; like pap.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Papess</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa"pess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>papesse</ets>.]</ety> <def>A female pope; <i>i</i>. <i>e</i>., the fictitious pope Joan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Papeterie</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa`pe*terie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., paper manufacture, fr. <ets>papier</ets> paper.]</ety> <def>A case or box containing paper and materials for writing.</def>

<h1>Paphian</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa"phi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Paphius</ets>, Gr. <?/, from <?/ the city Paphos.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Paphos, an ancient city of Cyprus, having a celebrated temple of Venus; hence, pertaining to Venus, or her rites.</def>

<h1>Paphian</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa"phi*an</hw><def>, n. A native or inhabitant of Paphos.</def>

<h1>Papier-mach\'82</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa`pier"-ma`ch\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>papier m\'83ch\'82</ets>, lit., chewed or mashed paper.]</ety> <def>A hard and strong substance made of a pulp from paper, mixed with sise or glue, etc. It is formed into various articles, usually by means of molds.</def>

<h1>Papilio</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa*pil"i*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a butterfly.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of butterflies.</def>

<note>&hand; Formerly it included numerous species which are now placed in other genera. By many writers it is now restricted to the swallow-tailed butterflies, like <i>Papilio polyxenes</i>, or <i>asterias</i>, and related species.</note>

<h1>Papilionaceous</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa*pil`io*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resembling the butterfly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having a winged corolla somewhat resembling a butterfly, as in the blossoms of the bean and pea.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Belonging to that suborder of leguminous plants (<spn>Papilionace\'91</spn>) which includes the bean, pea, vetch, clover, and locust.</def>

<h1>Papiliones</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa*pil`i*o"nes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Papilio</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of Lepidoptera which includes the butterflies.</def>

<h1>Papilionides</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa*pil`i*on"i*des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The typical butterflies.</def>

<h1>Papilla</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa*pil"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Papill\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a nipple, pimple.]</ety> <def>Any minute nipplelike projection; <as>as, the <ex>papill\'91</ex> of the tongue</as>.</def>

<h1>Papillar</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap"il*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>papillaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Papillose</er>.</def>

<h1>Papillary</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap"il*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>papillaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a papilla or papill\'91; bearing, or covered with, papill\'91; papillose.</def>

<h1>Papillate</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap"il*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To cover with papill\'91; to take the form of a papilla, or of papill\'91.</def>

<h1>Papillate</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap"il*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Papillose</er>.</def>

<h1>Papilliform</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa*pil"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Papilla</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like a papilla; mammilliform.</def>

<h1>Papilloma</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap`il*lo"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Papillomata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Papilla</er>, and <er>-Oma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A tumor formed by hypertrophy of the papill\'91 of the skin or mucous membrane, as a corn or a wart.</def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<h1>Papillomatous</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap`il*lo"ma*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, papillomata.</def>

<h1>Papillose</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap"il*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>papilleux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Covered with, or bearing, papill\'91; resembling papill\'91; papillate; papillar; papillary.</def>

<h1>Papillote</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap"il*lote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>papillon</ets> a butterfly.]</ety> <def>a small piece of paper on which women roll up their hair to make it curl; a curl paper.</def>

<h1>Papillous</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap"il*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Papillary; papillose.</def>

<h1>Papillulate</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa*pil"lu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a minute papilla in the center of a larger elevation or depression.</def>

<h1>Papion</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa"pi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from native name: cf. Sp. <ets>papion</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A West African baboon (<spn>Cynocephalus sphinx</spn>), allied to the chacma. Its color is generally chestnut, varying in tint.</def>

<h1>Papism</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa"pism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>papisme</ets>. See <er>Pape</er>, <er>Pope</er>.]</ety> <def>Popery; -- an offensive term.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Papist</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa"pist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>papiste</ets>. See <er>Pape</er>, <er>Pope</er>.]</ety> <def>A Roman catholic; one who adheres to the Church of Rome and the authority of the pope; -- an offensive designation applied to Roman Catholics by their opponents.</def>

<h1>Papistic, Papistical</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw><hw>Pa*pis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pa*pis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>papistique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Church of Rome and its doctrines and ceremonies; pertaining to popery; popish; -- used disparagingly.</def> "The old <i>papistic</i> worship." <i>T. Warton</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Pa*pis"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Papistry</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa"pist*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine and ceremonies of the Church of Rome; popery.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Whitgift.</i>

<h1>Papized</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa"pized</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pape</er>.]</ety> <def>Conformed to popery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Papized</i> writers."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Papoose</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa*poose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A babe or young child of Indian parentage in North America.</def>

<h1>Pappiform</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap"pi*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resembling the pappus of composite plants.</def>

<h1>Pappoose</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap*poose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Papoose</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Pappoose root</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Cohosh</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pappose</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Furnished with a pappus; downy.</def>

<h1>Pappous</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap"pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pappose.</def>

<h1>Pappus</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., an old man or grandfather; hence, a substance resembling gray hairs, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The hairy or feathery appendage of the achenes of thistles, dandelions, and most other plants of the order Composit\'91; also, the scales, awns, or bristles which represent the calyx in other plants of the same order.</def>

<h1>Pappy</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap"py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pap</er> soft food.]</ety> <def>Like pap; soft; succulent; tender.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Papuan</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap"u*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Papua.</def>

<h1>Papuars</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap"u*ars</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Papuan</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>The native black race of Papua or New Guinea, and the adjacent islands.</def>

<h1>Papula</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Papul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A pimple; a small, usually conical, elevation of the cuticle, produced by congestion, accumulated secretion, or hypertrophy of tissue; a papule.</def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the numerous small hollow processes of the integument between the plates of starfishes.</def>

<h1>Papular</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Covered with papules.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Consisting of papules; characterized by the presence of papules; <as>as, a <ex>papular</ex> eruption</as>.</def>

<h1>Papule</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Papules</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Same as <er>Papula</er>.</def>

<h1>Papulose</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap"u*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having papul\'91; papillose; <as>as, a <ex>papulose</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Papulous</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pap<?/leux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Covered with, or characterized by, papul\'91; papulose.</def>

<h1>Papyraceous</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap`y*ra"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>papyraceus</ets> made of <ets>papyrus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Made of papyrus; of the consistency of paper; papery.</def>

<h1>Papyrean</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa*pyr"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to papyrus, or to paper; papyraceous.</def>

<h1>Papyrine</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap"y*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>papyrin</ets> made of paper. See <er>Paper</er>.]</ety> <def>Imitation parchment, made by soaking unsized paper in dilute sulphuric acid.</def>

<h1>Papyrograph</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa*pyr"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Papyrus</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An apparatus for multiplying writings, drawings, etc., in which a paper stencil, formed by writing or drawing with corrosive ink, is used. The word is also used of other means of multiplying copies of writings, drawings, etc. See <er>Copygraph</er>, <er>Hectograph</er>, <er>Manifold</er>.</def>

<h1>Papyrography</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pap`y*rog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of multiplying copies of writings, etc., by means of the papyrograph.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pap`y*ro*graph"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Papyrus</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Pa*py"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Papyri</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Paper</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tall rushlike plant (<spn>Cyperus Papyrus</spn>) of the Sedge family, formerly growing in Egypt, and now found in Abyssinia, Syria, Sicily, etc. The stem is triangular and about an inch thick.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The material upon which the ancient Egyptians wrote. It was formed by cutting the stem of the plant into thin longitudinal slices, which were gummed together and pressed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A manuscript written on papyrus; esp., <pluf>pl.</pluf>, written scrolls made of papyrus; <as>as, the <ex>papyri</ex> of Egypt or Herculaneum</as>.</def>

<h1>P\'83que</h1>
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<hw>P\'83que</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'83que</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Pasch</er> and <er>Easter</er>.</def>

<h1>Par</h1>
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<hw>Par</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Parr</er>.</def>

<h1>Par</h1>
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<hw>Par</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>per</ets>. See <er>Per</er>.]</ety> <def>By; with; -- used frequently in Early English in phrases taken from the French, being sometimes written as a part of the word which it governs; <as>as, <ex>par</ex> amour, or <ex>par</ex>amour; <ex>par</ex> cas, or <ex>par</ex>case; <ex>par</ex> fay, or <ex>par</ex>fay.</as></def>

<h1>Par</h1>
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<hw>Par</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>par</ets>, adj., equal. See <er>Peer</er> an equal.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Equal value; equality of nominal and actual value; the value expressed on the face or in the words of a certificate of value, as a bond or other commercial paper.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Equality of condition or circumstances.</def>

<cs><col>At par</col>, <cd>at the original price; neither at a discount nor at a premium.</cd> -- <col>Above par</col>, <cd>at a premium.</cd> -- <col>Below par</col>, <cd>at a discount.</cd> -- <col>On a par</col>, <cd>on a level; in the same condition, circumstances, position, rank, etc.; <as>as, their pretensions are <ex>on a par<ex>; his ability is <ex>on a par<ex> with his ambition</as>.</cd> -- <col>Par of exchange</col>. <cd>See under <er>Exchange</er>.</cd> -- <col>Par value</col>, <cd>nominal value; face value.</cd></cs>

<h1>Para-</h1>
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<hw>Par"a-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ beside; prob. akin to E. <ets>for-</ets> in <ets>forgive</ets>. Cf. <er>For-</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A prefix signifying <i>alongside of</i>, <i>beside</i>, <i>beyond</i>, <i>against</i>, <i>amiss</i>; as <i>para</i>ble, literally, a placing beside; <i>para</i>dox, that which is contrary to opinion; <i>para</i>chronism.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A prefix denoting: <sd>(a)</sd> <i>Likeness</i>, <i>similarity</i>, or <i>connection</i>, or that the substance <i>resembles</i>, but is <i>distinct from</i>, that to the name of which it is prefixed; as <i>par</i>aldehyde, <i>para</i>conine, etc.; also, an <i>isomeric modification</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> Specifically: <fld>(Organ. Chem.)</fld> <cd>That two groups or radicals substituted in the benzene nucleus are <i>opposite</i>, or in the respective positions 1 and 4; 2 and 5; or 3 and 6, as <i>para</i>xylene; <i>par</i>oxybenzoic acid.</cd> Cf. <er>Ortho-</er>, and <er>Meta-</er>. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Para</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ra"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk., fr. Per. <ets>p\'berah</ets> a piece.]</ety> <def>A piece of Turkish money, usually copper, the fortieth part of a piaster, or about one ninth of a cent.</def>

<h1>Parabanic</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*ban"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to pass over.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous acid which is obtained by the oxidation of uric acid, as a white crystalline substance (<chform>C3N2H2O3</chform>); -- also called <i>oxalyl urea</i>.</def>

<h1>Parablast</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gr. <?/ to grow beside. See <er>Para-</er>, and <er>-blast</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A portion of the mesoblast (of peripheral origin) of the developing embryo, the cells of which are especially concerned in forming the first blood and blood vessels.</def>

<i>C. S. Minot.</i>

<h1>Parablastic</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*blas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the parablast; <as>as, the <ex>parablastic</ex> cells</as>.</def>

<h1>Parable</h1>
<Xpage=1038>

<hw>Par"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>parare</ets> to provide.]</ety> <def>Procurable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Parable</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>parabole</ets>, L. <ets>parabola</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a placing beside or together, a comparing, comparison, a parable, fr. <?/ to throw beside, compare; <?/ beside + <?/ to throw; cf. Skr. <ets>gal</ets> to drop. Cf. <er>Emblem</er>, <er>Gland</er>, <er>Palaver</er>, <er>Parabola</er>, <er>Parley</er>, <er>Parabole</er>, <er>Symbol</er>.]</ety> <def>A comparison; a similitude; specifically, a short fictitious narrative of something which might really occur in life or nature, by means of which a moral is drawn; <as>as, the <ex>parables</ex> of Christ</as>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Declare unto us the <b>parable</b> of the tares.
<i>Matt. xiii. 36.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Allegory</er>, and Note under <er>Apologue</er>.</syn>

<h1>Parable</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*ble</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To represent by parable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Which by the ancient sages was thus parabled.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Parabola</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rab"o*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Parabolas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; -- so called because its axis is parallel to the side of the cone. See <er>Parable</er>, and cf. <er>Parabole</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A kind of curve; one of the conic sections formed by the intersection of the surface of a cone with a plane parallel to one of its sides. It is a curve, any point of which is equally distant from a fixed point, called the <i>focus</i>, and a fixed straight line, called the <i>directrix</i>. See <er>Focus</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of a group of curves defined by the equation <mathex>y = ax<exp>n</exp></mathex> where <it>n</it> is a positive whole number or a positive fraction. For the <i>cubical parabola</i> n = 3; for the <i>semicubical parabola</i> n = <frac32/. See under <er>Cubical</er>, and <er>Semicubical</er>. The parabolas have infinite branches, but no rectilineal asymptotes.</def>

<h1>Parabole</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rab"o*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Parable</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Similitude; comparison.</def>

<h1>Parabolic, Parabolical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par`a*bol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par`a*bol"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ figurative: cf. F. <ets>parabolique</ets>. See <er>Parable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of the nature of a parable; expressed by a parable or figure; allegorical; <as>as, <ex>parabolical</ex> instruction</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[From <er>Parabola</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the form or nature of a parabola; pertaining to, or resembling, a parabola; <as>as, a <ex>parabolic</ex> curve</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Generated by the revolution of a parabola, or by a line that moves on a parabola as a directing curve; <as>as, a <ex>parabolic</ex> conoid</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Parabolic conoid</col>, <cd>a paraboloid; a conoid whose directing curve is a parabola. See <er>Conoid</er>.</cd> -- <col>Parabolic mirror</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>a mirror having a paraboloidal surface which gives for parallel rays (as those from very distant objects) images free from aberration. It is used in reflecting telescopes.</cd> -- <col>Parabolic spindle</col>, <cd>the solid generated by revolving the portion of a parabola cut off by a line drawn at right angles to the axis of the curve, about that line as an axis.</cd> -- <col>Parabolic spiral</col>, <cd>a spiral curve conceived to be formed by the periphery of a semiparabola when its axis is wrapped about a circle; also, any other spiral curve having an analogy to the parabola.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="1039">
Page 1039<p>

<h1>Parabolically</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*bol"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>By way of parable; in a parabolic manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the form of a parabola.</def>

<h1>Paraboliform</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*bol"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Parabola</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling a parabola in form.</def>

<h1>Parabolism</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rab"o*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Parabola</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>The division of the terms of an equation by a known quantity that is involved in the first term.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Parabolist</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rab"o*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A narrator of parables.</def>

<h1>Paraboloid</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rab"o*loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Parabola</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>parabolo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The solid generated by the rotation of a parabola about its axis; any surface of the second order whose sections by planes parallel to a given line are parabolas.</def>

<note>&hand; The term <i>paraboloid</i> has sometimes been applied also to the parabolas of the higher orders.</note>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<h1>Paraboloidal</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*bo*loid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a paraboloid.</def>

<h1>Parabronchium</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*bron"chi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Parabronchia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Para-</er>, <er>Bronchia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the branches of an ectobronchium or entobronchium.</def>

<h1>Paracelsian</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*cel"si*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in conformity with, the practice of <i>Paracelsus</i>, a Swiss physician of the 15th century.</def>

<i>Ferrand.</i>

<h1>Paracelsian</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*cel"si*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A follower of Paracelsus or his practice or teachings.</def>

<i>Hakewill.</i>

<h1>Paracelsist</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*cel"sist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Paracelsian.</def>

<h1>Paracentesis</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*cen*te"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to pierce at the side, to tap.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The perforation of a cavity of the body with a trocar, aspirator, or other suitable instrument, for the evacuation of effused fluid, pus, or gas; tapping.</def>

<h1>Paracentric, Paracentrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par`a*cen"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par`a*cen"tric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>centric</ets>, <ets>-ical</ets>: cf. F. <ets>paracentrique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deviating from circularity; changing the distance from a center.</def>

<cs><col>Paracentric curve</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a curve having the property that, when its plane is placed vertically, a body descending along it, by the force of gravity, will approach to, or recede from, a fixed point or center, by equal distances in equal times; -- called also a <altname>paracentric</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Paracentric motton</col> &or; <col>velocity</col></mcol>, <cd>the motion or velocity of a revolving body, as a planet, by which it approaches to, or recedes from, the center, without reference to its motion in space, or to its motion as reckoned in any other direction.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parachordal</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*chor"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>chordal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated on either side of the notochord; -- applied especially to the cartilaginous rudiments of the skull on each side of the anterior part of the notochord.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A parachordal cartilage.</def></def2>

<h1>Parachronism</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rach"ro*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + Gr. <?/ time: cf. F. <ets>parachronisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>An error in chronology, by which the date of an event is set later than the time of its occurrence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Parachrose</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*chrose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ false coloring; <?/ beside, beyond + <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Changing color by exposure</def>

<i>Mohs.</i>

<h1>Parachute</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*chute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>paper</ets> to ward off, guard + <ets>chute</ets> a fall. See <er>Parry</er>, and <er>Chute</er>, <er>Chance</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A contrivance somewhat in the form of an umbrella, by means of which a descent may be made from a balloon, or any eminence.</def><-- usu used for descending to the ground from an airplane, for military operations (airborne troops), in an emergency, or for sport (sky diving)  -->

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A web or fold of skin which extends between the legs of certain mammals, as the flying squirrels, colugo, and phalangister.</def>

<-- parachutist; parachuting.
   parachute = verb -->

<h1>Paraclete</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*clete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paracletus</ets>, Gr. <?/, from <?/ to call to one, to exhort, encourage; <?/ beside + <?/ to call.]</ety> <def>An advocate; one called to aid or support; hence, the Consoler, Comforter, or Intercessor; -- a term applied to the Holy Spirit.</def>

<blockquote>From which intercession especially I conceive he hath the name of the <b>Paraclete</b> given him by Christ.
<i>Bp. Pearson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paraclose</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*close</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Parclose</er>.</def>

<h1>Paracmastic</h1>
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<hw>Par`ac*mas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Para-</er>, and <er>Acme</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Gradually decreasing; past the acme, or crisis, as a distemper.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Paraconic</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*con"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>par</ets>a-</ets> + <ets><ets>acon</ets>itic.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid obtained as a deliquescent white crystalline substance, and isomeric with itaconic, citraconic, and mesaconic acids.</def>

<h1>Paraconine</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*co"nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>conine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A base resembling and isomeric with conine, and obtained as a colorless liquid from butyric aldehyde and ammonia.</def>

<h1>Paracorolla</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*co*rol"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>corolla</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A secondary or inner corolla; a corona, as of the Narcissus.</def>

<h1>Paracrostic</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*cros"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>acrostic</ets>.]</ety> <def>A poetical composition, in which the first verse contains, in order, the first letters of all the verses of the poem.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Paracyanogen</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*cy*an"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>cyanogen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A polymeric modification of cyanogen, obtained as a brown or black amorphous residue by heating mercuric cyanide.</def>

<h1>Paracymene</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*cy"mene</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>cymene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Cymene</er>.</def>

<h1>Paradactylum</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*dac"ty*lum</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Paradactyla</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Para-</er>, and <er>Dactyl</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The side of a toe or finger.</def>

<h1>Parade</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Sp. <ets>parada</ets> a halt or stopping, an assembling for exercise, a place where troops are assembled to exercise, fr. <ets>parar</ets> to stop, to prepare. See <er>Pare</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The ground where a military display is held, or where troops are drilled.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An assembly and orderly arrangement or display of troops, in full equipments, for inspection or evolutions before some superior officer; a review of troops. Parades are general, regimental, or private (troop, battery, or company), according to the force assembled.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pompous show; formal display or exhibition.</def>

<blockquote>Be rich, but of your wealth make no <b>parade</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is displayed; a show; a spectacle; an imposing procession; the movement of any body marshaled in military order; <as>as, a <ex>parade</ex> of firemen</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In state returned the grand <b>parade</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Posture of defense; guard.</def> <mark>[A Gallicism.]</mark>

<blockquote>When they are not in <b>parade</b>, and upon their guard.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A public walk; a promenade.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Dress parade</col>, <col>Undress parade</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Dress</er>, and <er>Undress</er>.</cd> -- <col>Parade rest</col>, <cd>a position of rest for soldiers, in which, however, they are required to be silent and motionless. <i>Wilhelm</i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Ostentation; display; show.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Parade</er>, <er>Ostentation</er>. <i>Parade</i> is a pompous exhibition of things for the purpose of display; <i>ostentation</i> now generally indicates a <i>parade</i> of virtues or other qualities for which one expects to be honored. "It was not in the mere <i>parade</i> of royalty that the Mexican potentates exhibited their power." <i>Robertson</i>. "We are dazzled with the splendor of titles, the <i>ostentation</i> of learning, and the noise of victories." <i>Spectator</i>.</usage>

<h1>Parade</h1>
<Xpage=1039>

<hw>Pa*rade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Paraded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Parading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>parader</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To exhibit in a showy or ostentatious manner; to show off.</def>

<blockquote><b>Parading</b> all her sensibility.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To assemble and form; to marshal; to cause to maneuver or march ceremoniously; <as>as, to <ex>parade</ex> troops</as>.</def>

<h1>Parade</h1>
<Xpage=1039>

<hw>Pa*rade"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make an exhibition or spectacle of one's self, as by walking in a public place.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To assemble in military order for evolutions and inspection; to form or march, as in review.</def>

<h1>Paradigm</h1>
<Xpage=1039>

<hw>Par"a*digm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>paradigme</ets>, L. <ets>paradigma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to show by the side of, to set up as an example; <?/ beside + <?/ to show. See <er>Para-</er>, and <er>Diction</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An example; a model; a pattern.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>paradigms</i> and patterns of all things."

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>An example of a conjugation or declension, showing a word in all its different forms of inflection.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>An illustration, as by a parable or fable.</def>

<h1>Paradigmatic, Paradigmatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par`a*dig*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Exemplary.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Paradigmatic</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*dig*mat"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A writer of memoirs of religious persona, as examples of Christian excellence.</def>

<h1>Paradigmatize</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*dig"ma*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Paradigmatized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Paradigmatizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Paradigm</er>.]</ety> <def>To set forth as a model or example.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Paradisaic, Paradisaical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par`a*di*sa"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par`a*di*sa"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to, or resembling, paradise; paradisiacal.</def> "<i>Paradisaical</i> pleasures."

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Paradisal</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*di`sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Paradisiacal.</def>

<h1>Paradise</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*dise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. & F. <ets>paradis</ets>, L. <ets>paradisus</ets>, fr. Gr. <grk>para`deisos</grk> park, paradise, fr. Zend <ets>pairida&emac;za</ets> an inclosure; <ets>pairi</ets> around (akin to Gr. <?/) + <ets>diz</ets> to throw up, pile up; cf. Skr. <ets>dih</ets> to smear, and E. <ets>dough</ets>. Cf. <er>Parvis</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The garden of Eden, in which Adam and Eve were placed after their creation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The abode of sanctified souls after death.</def>

<blockquote>To-day shalt thou be with me in <b>paradise</b>.
<i>Luke xxiii. 43.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It sounds to him like her mother's voice,
Singing in <b>Paradise</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A place of bliss; a region of supreme felicity or delight; hence, a state of happiness.</def>

<blockquote>The earth
Shall be all <b>paradise</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wrapt in the very <b>paradise</b> of some creative vision.
<i>Beaconsfield.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An open space within a monastery or adjoining a church, as the space within a cloister, the open court before a basilica, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A churchyard or cemetery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Oxf. Gloss.</i>

<cs><col>Fool's paradise</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fool</er>, and <er>Limbo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Grains of paradise</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Melequeta pepper</cref>, under <er>Pepper</er>.</cd> -- <col>Paradise bird</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Bird of paradise</er>. Among the most beautiful species are the superb (<spn>Lophorina superba</spn>); the magnificent (<spn>Diphyllodes magnifica</spn>); and the six-shafted paradise bird (<spn>Parotia sefilata</spn>). The long-billed paradise birds (<spn>Epimachin\'91</spn>) also include some highly ornamental species, as the twelve-wired paradise bird (<spn>Seleucides alba</spn>), which is black, yellow, and white, with six long breast feathers on each side, ending in long, slender filaments. See <er>Bird of paradise</er> in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Paradise fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful fresh-water Asiatic fish (<spn>Macropodus viridiauratus</spn>) having very large fins. It is often kept alive as an ornamental fish.</cd> -- <col>Paradise flycatcher</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any flycatcher of the genus <spn>Terpsiphone</spn>, having the middle tail feathers extremely elongated. The adult male of <spn>T. paradisi</spn> is white, with the head glossy dark green, and crested.</cd> -- <col>Paradise grackle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very beautiful bird of New Guinea, of the genus <spn>Astrapia</spn>, having dark velvety plumage with brilliant metallic tints.</cd> -- <col>Paradise nut</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the sapucaia nut.</cd> See <er>Sapucaia nut</er>. <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Paradise whidah bird</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Whidah</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Paradise</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*dise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To affect or exalt with visions of felicity; to entrance; to bewitch.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Paradisean</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*dis"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Paradisiacal.</def>

<h1>Paradised</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*dised</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Placed in paradise; enjoying delights as of paradise.</def>

<h1>Paradisiac, Paradisiacal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par`a*dis"i*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par`a*di*si"a*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paradisiacus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to paradise; suitable to, or like, paradise.</def> <i>C. Kingsley</i>. <i>T. Burnet</i>. "A <i>paradisiacal</i> scene."

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>The valley . . . is of quite <b>paradisiac</b> beauty.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paradisial, Paradisian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par`a*dis"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par`a*dis"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Paradisiacal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Paradisic</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*dis"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Paradisiacal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Broome.</i>

<h1>Paradisical</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*dis"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Paradisiacal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Parados</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*dos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Paradoses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F., fr. <ets>parer</ets> to defend + <ets>dos</ets> back, L. <ets>dorsum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>An intercepting mound, erected in any part of a fortification to protect the defenders from a rear or ricochet fire; a traverse.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Paradox</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*dox</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Paradoxes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>paradoxe</ets>, L. <ets>paradoxum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ beside, beyond, contrary to + <?/ to think, suppose, imagine. See <er>Para-</er>, and <er>Dogma</er>.]</ety> <def>A tenet or proposition contrary to received opinion; an assertion or sentiment seemingly contradictory, or opposed to common sense; that which in appearance or terms is absurd, but yet may be true in fact.</def>

<blockquote>A gloss there is to color that <b>paradox</b>, and make it appear in show not to be altogether unreasonable.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This was sometime a <b>paradox</b>, but now the time gives it proof.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Hydrostatic paradox</col>. <cd>See under <er>Hydrostatic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Paradoxal</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*dox`al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Paradoxical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Paradoxical</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*dox"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of the nature of a paradox.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inclined to paradoxes, or to tenets or notions contrary to received opinions.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Par`a*dox"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Par`a*dox"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<mhw><h1>Paradoxer, n., Paradoxist</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*dox`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Par"a*dox`ist</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who proposes a paradox.</def>

<h1>Paradoxides</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*dox"i*des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of large trilobites characteristic of the primordial formations.</def>

<h1>Paradoxology</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*dox*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Paradox</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The use of paradoxes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Paradoxure</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*dox"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ incredible, paradoxical + <?/ tail. So called because its tail is unlike that of the other animals to which it was supposed to be related.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of <spn>Paradoxurus</spn>, a genus of Asiatic viverrine mammals allied to the civet, as the musang, and the luwack or palm cat (<spn>Paradoxurus hermaphroditus</spn>). See <er>Musang</er>.</def>

<h1>Paradoxy</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*dox`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A paradoxical statement; a paradox.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality or state of being paradoxical.</def>

<i>Coleridge</i>

<h1>Paraffin, Paraffine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par"af*fin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par"af*fine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>paraffine</ets>, fr. L. <ets>parum</ets> too little + <ets>affinis</ets> akin. So named in allusion to its chemical inactivity.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white waxy substance, resembling spermaceti, tasteless and odorless, and obtained from coal tar, wood tar, petroleum, etc., by distillation. It is used as an illuminant and lubricant. It is very inert, not being acted upon by most of the strong chemical reagents. It was formerly regarded as a definite compound, but is now known to be a complex mixture of several higher hydrocarbons of the methane or marsh-gas series; hence, by extension, any substance, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, of the same chemical series; thus coal gas and kerosene consist largely of <i>paraffins</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; In the present chemical usage this word is spelt <i>paraffin</i>, but in commerce it is commonly spelt <i>paraffine</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Native paraffin</col>. <cd>See <er>Ozocerite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Paraffin series</col>. <cd>See <cref>Methane series</cref>, under <er>Methane</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parage</h1>
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<hw>Par"age</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>par</ets>, adj., equal. Cf. <er>Peerage</er>, <er>Peer</er> an equal.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Equality of condition, blood, or dignity; also, equality in the partition of an inheritance.</def>

<i>Spelman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>Equality of condition between persons holding unequal portions of a fee.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<hr>
<page="1040">
Page 1040<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Kindred; family; birth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ld. Berners.</i>

<blockquote>We claim to be of high <b>parage</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paragenesis</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The science which treats of minerals with special reference to their origin.</def>

<h1>Paragenic</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> the root of <?/ birth.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Originating in the character of the germ, or at the first commencement of an individual; -- said of peculiarities of structure, character, etc.</def>

<h1>Paraglobulin</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*glob"u*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>globulin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An albuminous body in blood serum, belonging to the group of globulins. See <er>Fibrinoplastin</er>.</def>

<h1>Paraglossa</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*glos"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Paragloss\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ beside + <?/ tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a pair of small appendages of the lingua or labium of certain insects. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Hymenoptera</er>.</def>

<h1>Paragnath</h1>
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<hw>Par"ag*nath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Paragnathus</er>.</def>

<h1>Paragnathous</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rag"na*thous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having both mandibles of equal length, the tips meeting, as in certain birds.</def>

<h1>Paragnathus</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rag"na*thus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Paragnathi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Para-</er>, and <er>Gnathic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the two lobes which form the lower lip, or metastome, of Crustacea.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the small, horny, toothlike jaws of certain annelids.</def>

<h1>Paragoge</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*go"ge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, from <?/ to lead beside, protract; <?/ beside + <?/ to lead.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The addition of a letter or syllable to the end of a word, as <i>withouten</i> for <i>without</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Coaptation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Paragogic, Paragogical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par`a*gog"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par`a*gog"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>paragogique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or constituting, a paragoge; added to the end of, or serving to lengthen, a word.</def>

<cs><col>Paragogic letters</col>, <cd>in the Semitic languages, letters which are added to the ordinary forms of words, to express additional emphasis, or some change in the sense.</cd></cs>

<h1>Paragon</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>paragon</ets>, F. <ets>parangon</ets>; cf. It. <ets>paragone</ets>, Sp.  <ets>paragon</ets>, <ets>parangon</ets>; prob. fr. Gr. <?/ to rub against; <?/ beside + <?/ whetstone; cf. LGr. <?/ a polishing stone.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A companion; a match; an equal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Philoclea, who indeed had no <b>paragon</b> but her sister.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Emulation; rivalry; competition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Full many feats adventurous
Performed, in <b>paragon</b> of proudest men.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A model or pattern; a pattern of excellence or perfection; <as>as, a <ex>paragon</ex> of beauty or eloquence</as>.</def>

<i>Udall.</i>

<blockquote>Man, . . . the <b>paragon</b> of animals !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The riches of sweet Mary's son,
Boy-rabbi, Israel's <b>paragon</b>.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A size of type between great primer and double pica. See the Note under <er>Type</er>.</def>

<h1>Paragon</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*gon</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>paragonner</ets>, F. <ets>parangonner</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To compare; to parallel; to put in rivalry or emulation with.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To compare with; to equal; to rival.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>In arms anon to <b>paragon</b> the morn,
The morn new rising.
<i>Glover.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To serve as a model for; to surpass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He hath achieved a maid
That <b>paragons</b> description and wild fame.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paragon</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*gon</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be equal; to hold comparison.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Few or none could . . . <b>paragon</b> with her.
<i>Shelton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paragonite</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rag"o*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/, p. pr. of <?/ to mislead.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A kind of mica related to muscovite, but containing soda instead of potash. It is characteristic of the <i>paragonite schist</i> of the Alps.</def>

<h1>Paragram</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ that which one writes beside. See <er>Paragraph</er>.]</ety> <def>A pun.</def>

<blockquote>Puns, which he calls <b>paragrams</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paragrammatist</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*gram"ma*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A punster.</def>

<h1>Paragrandine</h1>
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<hw>Pa`ra*gran"di*ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., from <ets>parare</ets> to parry + <ets>grandine</ets> hail.]</ety> <def>An instrument to avert the occurrence of hailstorms. See <er>Paragr<?/le</er>.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Paragraph</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>paragraphe</ets>, LL. <ets>paragraphus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/) a line or stroke drawn in the margin, fr. <?/ to write beside; <?/ beside + <?/ to write. See <er>Para-</er>, and <er>Graphic</er>, and cf. <er>Paraph</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, a marginal mark or note, set in the margin to call attention to something in the text, <i>e</i>. <i>g</i>., a change of subject; now, the character <?/, commonly used in the text as a reference mark to a footnote, or to indicate the place of a division into sections.</def>

<note>&hand; This character is merely a modification of a capital P (the initial of the word <i>paragraph</i>), the letter being reversed, and the black part made white and the white part black for the sake of distinctiveness.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A distinct part of a discourse or writing; any section or subdivision of a writing or chapter which relates to a particular point, whether consisting of one or many sentences. The division is sometimes noted by the mark <?/, but usually, by beginning the first sentence of the paragraph on a new line and at more than the usual distance from the margin.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A brief composition complete in one typographical section or paragraph; an item, remark, or quotation comprised in a few lines forming one paragraph; <as>as, a column of news <ex>paragraphs</ex>; an editorial <ex>paragraph</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Paragraph</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*graph</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Paragraphed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Paragraphing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To divide into paragraphs; to mark with the character &para;.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To express in the compass of a paragraph; <as>as, to <ex>paragraph</ex> an article</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To mention in a paragraph or paragraphs</def>

<h1>Paragrapher</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*graph`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of paragraphs; a paragraphist.</def>

<h1>Paragraphic, Paragraphical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par`a*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par`a*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or consisting of, a paragraph or paragraphs.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Par`a*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Paragraphist</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*graph`ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A paragrapher.</def>

<h1>Paragraphistical</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*gra*phis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to a paragraphist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Para grass</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ra" grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A valuable pasture grass (<spn>Panicum barbinode</spn>) introduced into the Southern United States from Brazil.</def>

<h1>Paragr\'88le</h1>
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<hw>Pa`ra`gr\'88le"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>parer</ets> to guard + <ets>gr\'88le</ets> hail.]</ety> <def>A lightning conductor erected, as in a vineyard, for drawing off the electricity in the atmosphere in order to prevent hailstorms.</def> <mark>[France]</mark>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Paraguayan</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*guay"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Paraguay.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Paraguay.</def></def2>

<h1>Paraguay tea</h1>
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<hw>Pa`ra*guay" tea"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Mate</er>, the leaf of the Brazilian holly.</def>

<h1>Parail</h1>
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<hw>Par"ail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Apparel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "In the <i>parail</i> of a pilgrim."

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Parakeet</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*keet`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Parrakeet</er>.</def>

<h1>Paralactic</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*lac"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>lactic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Designating an acid called <i>paralactic acid</i>. See <cref>Lactic acid</cref>, under <er>Lactic</er>.</def>

<h1>Paralbumin</h1>
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<hw>Par`al*bu"min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>albumin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A proteidlike body found in the fluid from ovarian cysts and elsewhere. It is generally associated with a substance related to, if not identical with, glycogen.</def>

<h1>Paraldehyde</h1>
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<hw>Par*al"de*hyde</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>aldehyde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A polymeric modification of aldehyde obtained as a white crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Paraleipsis</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*leip"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to leave on one side, to omit; <?/ beside + <?/ to leave.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A pretended or apparent omission; a figure by which a speaker artfully pretends to pass by what he really mentions; <as>as, for example, if an orator should say, "I do not speak of my adversary's scandalous venality and rapacity, his brutal conduct, his treachery and malice</as>."</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>paralepsis</asp>, <asp>paralepsy</asp>, <asp>paralipsis</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Paralepsis</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*lep"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Paraleipsis</er>.</def>

<h1>Paralian</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ra"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ near the sea; <?/ beside + <?/ the sea.]</ety> <def>A dweller by the sea.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Paralipomenon</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*li*pom"e*non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <grk>paraleipome`nwn</grk> of things omitted, pass. p. pr. (neuter genitive plural) fr. <?/ to omit.]</ety> <def>A title given in the Douay Bible to the Books of Chronicles.</def>

<note>&hand; In the Septuagint these books are called <grk>Paraleipome`nwn prw^ton</grk> and <grk>dey`teron</grk>, which is understood, after Jerome's explanation, as meaning that they are supplementary to the Books of Kings

<i>W. Smith.</i>
</note>

<h1>Paralipsis</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*lip"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Paraleipsis</er>.</def>

<h1>Parallactic, Parallactical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par`al*lac"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par`al*lac"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>parallactique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a parallax.</def>

<h1>Parallax</h1>
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<hw>Par"al*lax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ alternation, the mutual inclination of two lines forming an angle, fr. <?/ to change a little, go aside, deviate; <?/ beside, beyond + <?/ to change: cf. F. <ets>parallaxe</ets>. Cf. <er>Parallel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The apparent displacement, or difference of position, of an object, as seen from two different stations, or points of view.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The apparent difference in position of a body (as the sun, or a star) as seen from some point on the earth's surface, and as seen from some other conventional point, as the earth's center or the sun.</def>

<cs><col>Annual parallax</col>, <cd>the greatest value of the heliocentric parallax, or the greatest annual apparent change of place of a body as seen from the earth and sun; <as>as, the <ex>annual parallax<ex> of a fixed star</as>.</cd> -- <col>Binocular parallax</col>, <cd>the apparent difference in position of an object as seen separately by one eye, and then by the other, the head remaining unmoved.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Diurnal</col>, &or; <col>Geocentric</col>, <col>parallax</col></mcol>, <cd>the parallax of a body with reference to the earth's center. This is the kind of parallax that is generally understood when the term is used without qualification.</cd> -- <col>Heliocentric parallax</col>, <cd>the parallax of a body with reference to the sun, or the angle subtended at the body by lines drawn from it to the earth and sun; <as>as, the <ex>heliocentric parallax<ex> of a planet</as>.</cd> -- <col>Horizontal parallax</col>, <cd>the geocentric parallx of a heavenly body when in the horizon, or the angle subtended at the body by the earth's radius.</cd> -- <col>Optical parallax</col>, <cd>the apparent displacement in position undergone by an object when viewed by either eye singly. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Parallax of the cross wires</col><cd> (of an optical instrument), their apparent displacement when the eye changes its position, caused by their not being exactly in the focus of the object glass.</cd> -- <col>Stellar parallax</col>, <cd>the annual parallax of a fixed star.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parallel</h1>
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<hw>Par"al*lel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>parall\'8ale</ets>, L. <ets>parallelus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ beside + <?/ of one another, fr. <?/ other, akin to L. <ets>alius</ets>. See <er>Allien</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Extended in the same direction, and in all parts equally distant; <as>as, <ex>parallel</ex> lines; <ex>parallel</ex> planes.</as></def>

<blockquote>Revolutions . . . <b>parallel</b> to the equinoctial.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Curved lines or curved planes are said to be parallel when they are in all parts equally distant.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the same direction or tendency; running side by side; being in accordance (with); tending to the same result; -- used with <i>to</i> and <i>with</i>.</def>

<blockquote>When honor runs <b>parallel</b> with the laws of God and our country, it can not be too much cherished.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Continuing a resemblance through many particulars; applicable in all essential parts; like; similar; <as>as, a <ex>parallel</ex> case; a <ex>parallel</ex> passage.</as></def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<cs><col>Parallel bar</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Steam Eng.)</fld> <cd>A rod in a parallel motion which is parallel with the working beam</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>One of a pair of bars raised about five feet above the floor or ground, and parallel to each other, -- used for gymnastic exercises.</cd> -- <col>Parallel circles of a sphere</col>, <cd>those circles of the sphere whose planes are parallel to each other.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Parallel columns</col>, &or; <col>Parallels</col></mcol> <fld>(Printing)</fld>, <cd>two or more passages of reading matter printed side by side, for the purpose of emphasizing the similarity or discrepancy between them.</cd> -- <col>Parallel forces</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>forces which act in directions parallel to each other.</cd> -- <col>Parallel motion</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <cd>A jointed system of links, rods, or bars, by which the motion of a reciprocating piece, as a piston rod, may be guided, either approximately or exactly in a straight line</cd>. <i>Rankine</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>The ascending or descending of two or more parts at fixed intervals, as thirds or sixths. -- <mcol><col>Parallel rod</col> <fld>(Locomotive Eng.)</fld>, <cd>a metal rod that connects the crank pins of two or more driving wheels; -- called also <altname>couping rod</altname>, in distinction from the <i>connecting rod</i>.</cd> See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Locomotive</er>, in <er>App.</er> -- <col>Parallel ruler</col></mcol>, <cd>an instrument for drawing parallel lines, so constructed as to have the successive positions of the ruling edge parallel to each other; also, one consisting of two movable parts, the opposite edges of which are always parallel.</cd> -- <col>Parallel sailing</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>sailing on a parallel of latitude.</cd> -- <col>Parallel sphere</col> <fld>(Astron. & Geog.)</fld>, <cd>that position of the sphere in which the circles of daily motion are parallel to the horizon, as to an observer at either pole.</cd> -- <col>Parallel vise</col>, <cd>a vise having jaws so guided as to remain parallel in all positions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parallel</h1>
<Xpage=1040>

<hw>Par"al*lel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A line which, throughout its whole extent, is equidistant from another line; a parallel line, a parallel plane, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Who made the spider <b>parallels</b> design,
Sure as De Moivre, without rule or line ?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Direction conformable to that of another line,</def>

<blockquote>Lines that from their <b>parallel</b> decline.
<i>Garth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Conformity continued through many particulars or in all essential points; resemblance; similarity.</def>

<blockquote>Twixt earthly females and the moon
All <b>parallels</b> exactly run.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A comparison made; elaborate tracing of similarity; <as>as, Johnson's <ex>parallel</ex> between Dryden and Pope</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Anything equal to, or resembling, another in all essential particulars; a counterpart.</def>

<blockquote>None but thyself can be thy <b>parallel</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>One of the imaginary circles on the surface of the earth, parallel to the equator, marking the latitude; also, the corresponding line on a globe or map.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>One of a series of long trenches constructed before a besieged fortress, by the besieging force, as a cover for troops supporting the attacking batteries. They are roughly parallel to the line of outer defenses of the fortress.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A character consisting of two parallel vertical lines (thus, ) used in the text to direct attention to a similarly marked note in the margin or at the foot of a page.</def>

<cs><col>Limiting parallels</col>. <cd>See under <er>Limit</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></cd> -- <col>Parallel of altitude</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the horizon; an almucantar.</cd> -- <col>Parallel of declination</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the equator.</cd> -- <col>Parallel of latitude</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <cd>See def. 6. above.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>One of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the ecliptic.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parallel</h1>
<Xpage=1040>

<hw>Par"al*lel</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Paralleled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Paralleling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place or set so as to be parallel; to place so as to be parallel to, or to conform in direction with, something else.</def>

<blockquote>The needle . . . doth <b>parallel</b> and place itself upon the true meridian.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To make to conform to something else in character, motive, aim, or the like.</def>

<blockquote>His life is <b>paralleled</b>
Even with the stroke and line of his great justice.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To equal; to match; to correspond to.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To produce or adduce as a parallel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>My young remembrance can not <b>parallel</b>
A fellow to it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Parallel</h1>
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<hw>Par"al*lel</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be parallel; to correspond; to be like.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Parallelable</h1>
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<hw>Par"al*lel`a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being paralleled, or equaled.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Parallelism</h1>
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<hw>Par"al*lel*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to place side by side, or parallel: cf. F. <ets>parall\'82lisme</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being parallel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resemblance; correspondence; similarity.</def>

<blockquote>A close <b>parallelism</b> of thought and incident.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Similarity of construction or meaning of clauses placed side by side, especially clauses expressing the same sentiment with slight modifications, as is common in Hebrew poetry; <it>e. g.</it>: --

<blockquote>At her feet he bowed, he fell:
Where he bowed, there he fell down dead.
<i>Judg. v. 27.</i></blockquote>
</def>

<h1>Parallelistic</h1>
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<hw>Par`al*lel*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of a parallelism; involving parallelism.</def>

<blockquote>The antithetic or <b>parallelistic</b> form of Hebrew poetry is entirely lost.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Parallelize</h1>
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<hw>Par"al*lel*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render parallel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Parallelless</h1>
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<hw>Par"al*lel*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Matchless.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Parallelly</h1>
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<hw>Par"al*lel*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a parallel manner; with parallelism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Parallelogram</h1>
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<hw>Par`al*lel"o*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ parallel + <?/ to write: cf. F. <ets>parall\'82logramme</ets>. See <er>Parallel</er>, and <er>-gram</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A right-lined quadrilateral figure, whose opposite sides are parallel, and consequently equal; -- sometimes restricted in popular usage to a rectangle, or quadrilateral figure which is longer than it is broad, and with right angles.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Parallelogram of velocities</col>, <col>forces</col>, <col>accelerations</col>, <col>momenta</col>, etc.</mcol> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a parallelogram the diagonal of which represents the resultant of two velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., both in quantity and direction, when the velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., are represented in quantity and direction by the two adjacent sides of the parallelogram.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parallelogrammatic</h1>
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<hw>Par`al*lel`o*gram*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a parallelogram; parallelogrammic.</def>

<hr>
<page="1041">
Page 1041<p>

<h1>Parallelogrammic, Parallelogrammical</h1>
<Xpage=1041>

<hw><hw>Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the properties of a parallelogram.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Parallelopiped</h1>
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<hw>Par`al*lel`o*pi"ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a body with parallel surfaces; <?/ parallel + <?/ a plane surface, <?/ on the ground, or level with it, level, flat; <?/ on + <?/ the ground: cf. F. <ets>parall\'82lopip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A solid, the faces of which are six parallelograms, the opposite pairs being parallel, and equal to each other; a prism whose base is a parallelogram.</def>

<h1>Parallelopipedon</h1>
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<hw>Par`al*lel`o*pip"e*don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A parallelopiped.</def>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<h1>Paralogical</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing paralogism; illogical.</def> "<i>Paralogical</i> doubt."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Paralogism</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ral"o*gism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to reason falsely; <?/ beside + <?/ to reason, <?/ discourse, reason: cf. F. <ets>paralogisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A reasoning which is false in point of form, that is, which is contrary to logical rules or formul\'91; a formal fallacy, or pseudo-syllogism, in which the conclusion does not follow from the premises.</def>

<h1>Paralogize</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ral"o*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Paralogized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Paralogizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To reason falsely; to draw conclusions not warranted by the premises.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Paralogy</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ral"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ beside, beyond + <?/ reason.]</ety> <def>False reasoning; paralogism.</def>

<h1>Paralyse</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*lyse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Paralyze</er>.</def>

<h1>Paralysis</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ral"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to loosen, dissolve, or disable at the side; <?/ beside + <?/ to loosen. See <er>Para-</er>, and <er>Loose</er>, and cf. <er>Palsy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Abolition of function, whether complete or partial; esp., the loss of the power of voluntary motion, with or without that of sensation, in any part of the body; palsy. See <er>Hemiplegia</er>, and <er>Paraplegia</er>. Also used figuratively.</def> "Utter <i>paralysis</i> of memory."

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<blockquote>Mischievous practices arising out of the <b>paralysis</b> of the powers of ownership.
<i>Duke of Argyll (1887).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paralytic</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*lyt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paralyticus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.  <ets>paralytique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to paralysis; resembling paralysis.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affected with paralysis, or palsy.</def>

<blockquote>The cold, shaking, <b>paralytic</b> hand.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Inclined or tending to paralysis.</def>

<cs><col>Paralytic secretion</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the fluid, generally thin and watery, secreted from a gland after section or paralysis of its nerves, as the pralytic saliva.</cd></cs>

<h1>Paralytic</h1>
<Xpage=1041>

<hw>Par`a*lyt"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person affected with paralysis.</def>

<h1>Paralytical</h1>
<Xpage=1041>

<hw>Par`a*lyt"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Paralytic</er>.</def>

<h1>Paralyzation</h1>
<Xpage=1041>

<hw>Par`a*ly*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of paralyzing, or the state of being paralyzed.</def>

<h1>Paralyze</h1>
<Xpage=1041>

<hw>Par"a*lyze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Paralyzed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Paralyzing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>paralyser</ets>. See <er>Paralysis</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To affect or strike with paralysis or palsy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To unnerve; to destroy or impair the energy of; to render ineffective; <as>as, the occurrence <ex>paralyzed</ex> the community; despondency <ex>paralyzed</ex> his efforts.</as></def>

<h1>Param</h1>
<Xpage=1041>

<hw>Par"am</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (<chform>C2H4N4</chform>); -- called also <altname>dicyandiamide</altname>.</def>

<h1>Paramagnetic</h1>
<Xpage=1041>

<hw>Par`a*mag*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>magnetic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Magnetic, as opposed to <ant>diamagnetic</ant>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A paramagnetic substance.</def> <i>Faraday</i>.</def2> -- <wordforms><wf>Par`a*mag*net"ic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Paramagnetism</h1>
<Xpage=1041>

<hw>Par`a*mag"net*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Magnetism, as opposed to <i>diamagnetism</i>.</def>

<i>Faraday.</i>

<h1>Paramaleic</h1>
<Xpage=1041>

<hw>Par`a*ma*le"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>maleic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from malic acid, and now called <i>fumaric acid</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Paramalic</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*ma"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>malic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid metameric with malic acid.</def>

<h1>Paramastoid</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*mas"toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>mastoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated beside, or near, the mastoid portion of the temporal bone; paroccipital; -- applied especially to a process of the skull in some animals.</def>

<h1>Paramatta</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*mat"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So named from <ets>Paramatta</ets>, in Australia.]</ety> <def>A light fabric of cotton and worsted, resembling bombazine or merino.</def>

<i>Beck (Draper's Dict.)</i>

<h1>Parament</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>paramento</ets>, from <ets>parar</ets> to prepare, L. <ets>parare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ornamental hangings, furniture, etc., as of a state apartment; rich and elegant robes worn by men of rank; -- chiefly in the plural.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lords in <b>paraments</b> on their coursers.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Chamber of paraments</col>, <cd>presence chamber of a monarch.</cd></cs>

<h1>Paramento</h1>
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<hw>Pa`ra*men"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>Ornament; decoration.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Paramere</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the symmetrical halves of any one of the radii, or spheromeres, of a radiate animal, as a starfish.</def>

<h1>Parameter</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ram"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>param\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A term applied to some characteristic magnitude whose value, invariable as long as one and the same function, curve, surface, etc., is considered, serves to distinguish that function, curve, surface, etc., from others of the same kind or family.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Specifically <fld>(Conic Sections)</fld>, in the ellipse and hyperbola, a third proportional to any diameter and its conjugate, or in the parabola, to any abscissa and the corresponding ordinate.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>parameter</i> of the principal axis of a conic section is called the <i>latus rectum</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The ratio of the three crystallographic axes which determines the position of any plane; also, the fundamental axial ratio for a given species.</def>

<h1>Parametritis</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*me*tri"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Para-</er>, and <er>Metritis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the cellular tissue in the vicinity of the uterus.</def>

<h1>Paramiographer</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*mi*og"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ proverb + <ets>-graph + -er</ets>.]</ety> <def>A collector or writer of proverbs.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Paramitome</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*mi"tome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>mitome</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The fluid portion of the protoplasm of a cell.</def>

<h1>Paramo</h1>
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<hw>Pa"ra*mo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Paramos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp. <ets>p\'91ramo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A high, bleak plateau or district, with stunted trees, and cold, damp atmosphere, as in the Andes, in South America.</def>

<h1>Paramorph</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*morph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A kind of pseudomorph, in which there has been a change of physical characters without alteration of chemical composition, as the change of aragonite to calcite.</def>

<h1>Paramorphism</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The change of one mineral species to another, so as to involve a change in physical characters without alteration of chemical composition.</def>

<h1>Paramorphous</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Relating to paramorphism; exhibiting paramorphism.</def>

<h1>Paramount</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*mount</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>par amont</ets> above; <ets>par</ets> through, by (L. <ets>per</ets>) + <ets>amont</ets> above. See <er>Amount</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the highest rank or jurisdiction; superior to all others; chief; supreme; pre\'89minent; <as>as, a <ex>paramount</ex> duty</as>.</def> "A traitor <i>paramount</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<cs><col>Lady paramount</col> <fld>(Archery)</fld>, <cd>the lady making the best score.</cd> -- <col>Lord paramount</col>, <cd>the king.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. Superior; principal; pre\'89minent; chief.</syn>

<h1>Paramount</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*mount</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The highest or chief.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Paramountly</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*mount`ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a paramount manner.</def>

<h1>Paramour</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*mour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>par amour</ets>, lit., by or with love. See 2d <er>Par</er>, and <er>Amour</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A lover, of either sex; a wooer or a mistress (formerly in a good sense, now only in a bad one); one who takes the place, without possessing the rights, of a husband or wife; -- used of a man or a woman.</def>

<blockquote>The seducer appeared with dauntless front, accompanied by his <b>paramour</b>
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Love; gallantry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "For <i>paramour</i> and jollity."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Paramour, Paramours</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par"a*mour`</hw>, <hw>Par"a*mours`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By or with love, esp. the love of the sexes; -- sometimes written as two words.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For <b>par amour</b>, I loved her first ere thou.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paramylum</h1>
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<hw>Par*am"y*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ beside + <?/ starch.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance resembling starch, found in the green frothy scum formed on the surface of stagnant water.</def>

<h1>Paranaphthalene</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*naph"tha*lene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>naphthalene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Anthracene; -- called also <altname>paranaphthaline</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Paranoia</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*noi"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Mental derangement; insanity.</def>

<h1>Paranthracene</h1>
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<hw>Par*an"thra*cene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>par</ets>a-</ets> + <ets><ets>anthracene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An inert isomeric modification of anthracene.</def>

<h1>Paranucleus</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*nu"cle*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>nucleus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Some as <er>Nucleolus</er>.</def>

<h1>Para nut</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ra" nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The Brazil nut.</def>

<h1>Paranymph</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*nymph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paranymphus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ beside, near + <?/ a bride: cf. F. <ets>paranymphe</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A friend of the bridegroom who went with him in his chariot to fetch home the bride.</def> <i>Milton</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The bridesmaid who conducted the bride to the bridegroom.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: An ally; a supporter or abettor.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Paranymphal</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*nym"phal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bridal; nuptial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>At some <b>paranymphal</b> feast.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Parapectin</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*pec"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>pectin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A gelatinous modification of pectin.</def>

<h1>Parapegm</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*pegm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parapegma</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to fix beside; <?/ beside + <?/ to fix: cf. F. <ets>parapegme</ets>.]</ety> <def>An engraved tablet, usually of brass, set up in a public place.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Parapegms</i> were used for the publication of laws, proclamations, etc., and the recording of astronomical phenomena or calendar events.</note>

<h1>Parapeptone</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*pep"tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>peptone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Phisiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An albuminous body formed in small quantity by the peptic digestion of proteids. It can be converted into peptone by pancreatic juice, but not by gastric juice.</def>

<h1>Parapet</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*pet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>parapetto</ets>, fr. <ets>parare</ets> to ward off, guard (L. <ets>parare</ets> to prepare, provide) + <ets>petto</ets> the breast, L. <ets>pectus</ets>. See <er>Parry</er>, and <er>Pectoral</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A low wall, especially one serving to protect the edge of a platform, roof, bridge, or the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A wall, rampart, or elevation of earth, for covering soldiers from an enemy's fire; a breastwork. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Casemate</er>.</def>

<h1>Parapetalous</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>petal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing by the side of a petal, as a stamen.</def>

<h1>Parapeted</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*pet`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a parapet.</def>

<h1>Paraph</h1>
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<hw>Par"aph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>paraphe</ets>, <ets>parafe</ets>, contr. fr. <ets>paragraphe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A flourish made with the pen at the end of a signature. In the Middle Ages, this formed a sort of rude safeguard against forgery.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Paraph</h1>
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<hw>Par"aph</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Paraphed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Paraphing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>parapher</ets>, <ets>parafer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To add a paraph to; to sign, esp. with the initials.</def>

<h1>Parapherna</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*pher"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Law)</fld> <def>The property of a woman which, on her marriage, was not made a part of her dower, but remained her own.</def>

<h1>Paraphernal</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*pher"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>paraphernal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to paraphernalia; <as>as, <ex>paraphernal</ex> property</as>.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Paraphernalia</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*pher*na"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>paraphernalia bona</ets>, fr. L. <ets>parapherna</ets>, pl., parapherna, Gr. <?/; <?/ beside + <?/ a bride's dowry, fr. <grk>fe`rein</grk> to bring. See 1st <er>Bear</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Something reserved to a wife, over and above her dower, being chiefly apparel and ornaments suited to her degree.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Appendages; ornaments; finery; equipments.</def>

<h1>Paraphimosis</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*phi*mo"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ beyond + <?/ to muzzle.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition in which the prepuce, after being retracted behind the glans penis, is constricted there, and can not be brought forward into place again.</def>

<h1>Paraphosphoric</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*phos*phor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>phosphoric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pyrophosphoric.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Paraphagma</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*phag"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Paraphragmata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ beside + <?/, <?/, an inclosure.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the outer divisions of an endosternite of Crustacea.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Par`a*phrag"mal</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Paraphrase</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*phrase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paraphrasis</ets>, Gr. <?/, from <?/ to say the same thing in other words; <?/ beside + <?/ to speak: cf. F. <ets>paraphrase</ets>. See <er>Para-</er>, and <er>Phrase</er>.]</ety> <def>A restatement of a text, passage, or work, expressing the meaning of the original in another form, generally for the sake of its clearer and fuller exposition; a setting forth the signification of a text in other and ampler terms; a free translation or rendering; -- opposed to <i>metaphrase</i>.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>paraphrase</b>, or translation with latitude, the author's words are not so strictly followed as his sense.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Excellent <b>paraphrases</b> of the Psalms of David.
<i>I. Disraeli.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His sermons a living <b>paraphrase</b> upon his practice.
<i>Sowth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Targums are also called the Chaldaic or Aramaic <b>Paraphrases</b>.
<i>Shipley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paraphrase</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*phrase</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Paraphrased</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Paraphrasing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To express, interpret, or translate with latitude; to give the meaning of a passage in other language.</def>

<blockquote>We are put to construe and <b>paraphrase</b> our own words.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paraphrase</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*phrase</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a paraphrase.</def>

<h1>Paraphraser</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*phra`ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who paraphrases.</def>

<h1>Paraphrasian</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*phra"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A paraphraser.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Paraphrast</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*phrast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paraphrastes</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>paraphraste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A paraphraser.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Paraphrastic, Paraphrastical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par`a*phras"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par`a*phras"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/: cf. F. <ets>paraphrastique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Paraphrasing; of the nature of paraphrase; explaining, or translating in words more clear and ample than those of the author; not literal; free.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Par`a*phras"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Paraphysis</h1>
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<hw>Pa*raph"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Paraphyses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ beside + <?/ growth.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A minute jointed filament growing among the archegonia and antheridia of mosses, or with the spore cases, etc., of other flowerless plants.</def>

<h1>Paraplegia, Paraplegy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par`a*ple"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par"a*ple`gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>paraplegia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ hemiplegia, fr. <?/ to strike at the side; <?/ beside + <?/ to strike: cf. F. <ets>parapl\'82gie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Palsy of the lower half of the body on both sides, caused usually by disease of the spinal cord.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Par`a*pleg"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Parapleura</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*pleu"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Parapleur\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Para-</er>, and 2d <er>Pleura</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A chitinous piece between the metasternum and the pleuron of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Parapodium</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*po"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Parapodia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ beside + <?/, dim. of <?/ foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the lateral appendages of an annelid; -- called also <altname>foot tubercle</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; They may serve for locomotion, respiration, and sensation, and often contain spines or set\'91. When well developed, a dorsal part, or <i>notopodium</i>, and a ventral part, or <i>neuropodium</i>, are distinguished.</note>

<h1>Parapophysis</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*poph"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Parapophyses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Para-</er>, and <er>Apophysis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The ventral transverse, or capitular, process of a vertebra. See <er>Vertebra</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Par*ap`o*phys"ic*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Parapterum</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rap"te*rum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Paraptera</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Para-</er>, and <er>Pteron</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A special plate situated on the sides of the mesothorax and metathorax of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Paraquet, Paraquito</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par`a*quet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par`a*qui"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Paroquet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Parrakeet</er>.</def>

<h1>Parasang</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*sang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parasanga</ets>, Gr. <?/, from Old Persian; cf. Per. <ets>farsang</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Persian measure of length, which, according to Herodotus and Xenophon, was thirty stadia, or somewhat more than three and a half miles. The measure varied in different times and places, and, as now used, is estimated at from three and a half to four English miles.</def>

<h1>Parascenium</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*sce"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Parascenia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ beside + <?/ stage.]</ety> <fld>(Greek & Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>One of two apartments adjoining the stage, probably used as robing rooms.</def>

<h1>Parasceve</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*sce"ve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/, lit., preparation.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Among the Jews, the evening before the Sabbath.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mark xv. 42 (Douay ver.)</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A preparation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Paraschematic</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*sche*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to change from the true form.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a change from the right form, as in the formation of a word from another by a change of termination, gender, etc.</def>

<i>Max M\'81ller.</i>

<h1>Paraselene</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*se*le"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Paraselen\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ beside + <?/ the moon: cf. F. <ets>paras\'82l\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>A mock moon; an image of the moon which sometimes appears at the point of intersection of two lunar halos. Cf. <er>Parhelion</er>.</def>

<h1>Parasita</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*si"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An artificial group formerly made for parasitic insects, as lice, ticks, mites, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A division of copepod Crustacea, having a sucking mouth, as the lerneans. They are mostly parasites on fishes. Called also <altname><spn>Siphonostomata</spn></altname>.</def>

<hr>
<page="1042">
Page 1042<p>

<h1>Parasital</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*si`tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to parasites; parasitic.</def>

<h1>Parasite</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>parasitus</ets>, Gr. <?/, lit., eating beside, or at the table of, another; <?/ beside + <?/ to feed, from <?/ wheat, grain, food.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who frequents the tables of the rich, or who lives at another's expense, and earns his welcome by flattery; a hanger-on; a toady; a sycophant.</def>

<blockquote>Thou, with trembling fear,
Or like a fawning <b>parasite</b>, obey'st.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Parasites</b> were called such smell-feasts as would seek to be free guests at rich men's tables.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plant obtaining nourishment immediately from other plants to which it attaches itself, and whose juices it absorbs; -- sometimes, but erroneously, called <i>epiphyte</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A plant living on or within an animal, and supported at its expense, as many species of fungi of the genus <spn>Torrubia</spn>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An animal which lives during the whole or part of its existence on or in the body of some other animal, feeding upon its food, blood, or tissues, as lice, tapeworms, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An animal which steals the food of another, as the parasitic jager.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An animal which habitually uses the nest of another, as the cowbird and the European cuckoo.</def>

<h1>Parasitic, Parasitical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par`a*sit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par`a*sit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parasiticus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>parasitique</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of the nature of a parasite; fawning for food or favors; sycophantic.</def> "<i>Parasitic</i> preachers."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to parasites; living on, or deriving nourishment from, some other living animal or plant. See <er>Parasite</er>, 2 & 3.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Parasitic gull</col>, <col>Parasitic jager</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Jager</er>.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Par`a*sit"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Par`a*sit"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Parasiticide</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*sit"i*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Parasite</ets> + L. <ets>caedere</ets> to kill.]</ety> <def>Anything used to destroy parasites.</def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<h1>Parasitism</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*si`tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>parasitisme</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or behavior of a parasite; the act of a parasite.</def> "Court <i>parasitism</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld><def>The state of being parasitic.</def>

<h1>Parasol</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*sol`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Sp. or Pg. <ets>parasol</ets>, or It. <ets>parasole</ets>; It. <ets>parare</ets> to ward off, Sp. & Pg. <ets>parar</ets> (L. <ets>parare</ets> to prepare) + It. <ets>sole</ets> sun, Sp. & Pg. <ets>sol</ets> (L. <ets>sol</ets>). See <er>Parry</er>, <er>Solar</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of small umbrella used by women as a protection from the sun.</def>

<h1>Parasol</h1>
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<hw>Par"a*sol`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shade as with a parasol.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Parasolette</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*sol*ette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small parasol.</def>

<h1>Parasphenoid</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*sphe"noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>sphenoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Near the sphenoid bone; -- applied especially to a bone situated immediately beneath the sphenoid in the base of the skull in many animals.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The parasphenoid bone.</def></def2>

<h1>Parastichy</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ras"ti*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a row.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A secondary spiral in phyllotaxy, as one of the evident spirals in a pine cone.</def>

<h1>Parasynaxis</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*syn*ax"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, from <?/ to assemble illegally or secretly.]</ety> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>An unlawful meeting.</def>

<h1>Parasynthetic</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*syn*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Para-</er>, and <er>Synthetic</er>.]</ety> <def>Formed from a compound word.</def> "<i>Parasynthetic</i> derivatives."

<i>Dr. Murray.</i>

<h1>Paratactic</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*tac"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Of pertaining to, or characterized by, parataxis.</def>

<h1>Parataxis</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*tax"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a placing beside, fr. <?/ to place beside.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The mere ranging of propositions one after another, without indicating their connection or interdependence; -- opposed to <i>syntax</i>.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Parathesis</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rath"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Paratheses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a putting beside, from <?/ to put beside.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The placing of two or more nouns in the same case; apposition.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A parenthetical notice, usually of matter to be afterward expanded.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The matter contained within brackets.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A commendatory prayer.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Parathetic</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to parathesis.</def>

<h1>Paratonnerre</h1>
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<hw>Pa`ra`ton`nerre"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>parer</ets> to parry + <ets>tonnerre</ets> thunderbolt.]</ety> <def>A conductor of lightning; a lightning rod.</def>

<h1>Paraunter</h1>
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<hw>Par*aun"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Par</ets> + <ets>aunter</ets>.]</ety> <def>Peradventure. See <er>Paraventure</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Parauque</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rauque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird (<spn>Nyctidromus albicollis</spn>) ranging from Texas to South America. It is allied to the night hawk and goatsucker.</def>

<h1>Paravail</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*vail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>par aval</ets> below; <ets>par</ets> through (L. <ets>per</ets>) + <ets>aval</ets> down; <ets>a-</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>val</ets> (L. <ets>vallis</ets>) a valley. Cf. <er>Paramount</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>At the bottom; lowest.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<note>&hand; In feudal law, the tenant <i>paravail</i> is the lowest tenant of the fee, or he who is immediate tenant to one who holds over of another.</note>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Paravant, Paravant</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par"a*vant`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par"a*vant`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>par avant</ets>. See <er>Par</er>, and lst <er>Avaunt</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In front; publicly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Beforehand; first.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Paraventure</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*ven"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Par</ets> + <ets>aventure</ets>.]</ety> <def>Peradventure; perchance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Paraxanthin</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*xan"thin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>Para-</ets> + <ets>xanthin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline substance closely related to xanthin, present in small quantity in urine.</def>

<h1>Paraxial</h1>
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<hw>Par*ax"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>axial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>On either side of the axis of the skeleton.</def>

<h1>Paraxylene</h1>
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<hw>Par`a*xy"lene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series obtained as a colorless liquid by the distillation of camphor with zinc chloride. It is one of the three metamers of xylene. Cf. <er>Metamer</er>, and <er>Xylene</er>.</def>

<h1>Parboil</h1>
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<hw>Par"boil`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Parboiled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Parboiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>parboilen</ets>, OF. <ets>parbouillir</ets> to cook well; <ets>par</ets> through (see <er>Par</er>) + <ets>bouillir</ets> to boil, L. <ets>bullire</ets>. The sense has been influenced by E. <ets>part</ets>. See lst <er>Boil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To boil or cook thoroughly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To boil in part; to cook partially by boiling.</def><-- the only def. in MW10.  Also, used figuratively for "do (something) partly, incompletely" -->

<h1>Parbreak</h1>
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<hw>Par"break`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Par</ets> + <ets>break</ets>.]</ety> <def>To throw out; to vomit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Parbreak</h1>
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<hw>Par"break`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Vomit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Parbuckle</h1>
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<hw>Par"buc`kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A kind of purchase for hoisting or lowering a cylindrical burden, as a cask. The middle of a long rope is made fast aloft, and both parts are looped around the object, which rests in the loops, and rolls in them as the ends are hauled up or payed out.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A double sling made of a single rope, for slinging a cask, gun, etc.</def>

<h1>Parbuckle</h1>
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<hw>Par"buc`kle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Parbuckled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Parbuckling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To hoist or lower by means of a parbuckle.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Parc\'91</h1>
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<hw>Par"c\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>The Fates. See <er>Fate</er>, 4.</def>

<h1>Parcase</h1>
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<hw>Par*case"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Par</ets> + <ets>case</ets>.]</ety> <def>Perchance; by chance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Parcel</h1>
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<hw>Par"cel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>parcelle</ets> a small part, fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>particella</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>pars</ets>. See <er>Part</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Particle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A portion of anything taken separately; a fragment of a whole; a part.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "A <i>parcel</i> of her woe."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Two <b>parcels</b> of the white of an egg.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>parcels</b> of the nation adopted different forms of self-government.
<i>J. A. Symonds.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A part; a portion; a piece; <as>as, a certain piece of land is part and <ex>parcel</ex> of another piece</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An indiscriminate or indefinite number, measure, or quantity; a collection; a group.</def>

<blockquote>This youthful <b>parcel</b>
Of noble bachelors stand at my disposing.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A number or quantity of things put up together; a bundle; a package; a packet.</def>

<blockquote>'Tis like a <b>parcel</b> sent you by the stage.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bill of parcels</col>. <cd>See under 6th <er>Bill</er>.</cd> -- <col>Parcel office</col>, <cd>an office where parcels are received for keeping or forwarding and delivery.</cd> -- <col>Parcel post</col>, <cd>that department of the post office concerned with the collection and transmission of parcels.</cd> -- <col>Part and parcel</col>. <cd>See under <er>Part</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parcel</h1>
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<hw>Par"cel</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Parceled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Parcelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Parceling</er> or <er>Parcelling</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To divide and distribute by parts or portions; -- often with <i>out</i> or <i>into</i>.</def> "Their woes are <i>parceled</i>, mine are general."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>These ghostly kings would <b>parcel</b> out my power.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The broad woodland <b>parceled</b> into farms.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To add a parcel or item to; to itemize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>That mine own servant should
<b>Parcel</b> the sum of my disgraces by
Addition of his envy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make up into a parcel; <as>as, to <ex>parcel</ex> a customer's purchases; the machine <ex>parcels</ex> yarn, wool, etc.</as></def>

<cs><col>To parcel a rope</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to wind strips of tarred canvas tightly arround it. <i>Totten</i>.</cd> -- <col>To parcel a seam</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to cover it with a strip of tarred canvas.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parcel</h1>
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<hw>Par"cel</hw>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>Part or half; in part; partially. <i>Shak.</i> [Sometimes hyphened with the word following.]</def>

<blockquote>The worthy dame was <b>parcel</b>-blind.
<i>Sir W.  Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>One that . . . was <b>parcel</b>-bearded [partially bearded].
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Parcel poet</col>, <cd>a half poet; a poor poet. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Parceling</h1>
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<hw>Par"cel*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>parcelling</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of dividing and distributing in portions or parts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Long, narrow slips of canvas daubed with tar and wound about a rope like a bandage, before it is served; used, also, in mousing on the stayes, etc.</def>

<h1>Parcel-mele</h1>
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<hw>Par"cel-mele`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Parcel</er>, and <er>Meal</er> a part.]</ety> <def>By parcels or parts.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Parcenary</h1>
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<hw>Par"ce*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Parcener</er>, <er>partner</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The holding or occupation of an inheritable estate which descends from the ancestor to two or more persons; coheirship.</def>

<note>&hand; It differs in many respects from <i>joint tenancy</i>, which is created by deed or devise. In the United States there is no essential distinction between parcenary and tenancy in common.</note>

<i>Wharton. Kent.</i>

<h1>Parcener</h1>
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<hw>Par"ce*ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of. <ets>par</ets><?/<ets>onnier</ets>, <ets>parsonnier</ets>, fr. <ets>parzon</ets>, <ets>par<?/un</ets>, <ets>parcion</ets>, part, portion, fr. L. <ets>partitio</ets> a division. See <er>Partition</er>, and cf. <er>Partner</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A coheir, or one of two or more persons to whom an estate of inheritance descends jointly, and by whom it is held as one estate.</def>

<h1>Parch</h1>
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<hw>Parch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Parched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Parching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>perchen</ets> to pierce, hence used of a piercing heat or cold, OF. <ets>perchier</ets>, another form of <ets>percier</ets>, F. <ets>percer</ets>. See <er>Pierce</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To burn the surface of; to scorch; to roast over the fire, as dry grain; <as>as, to <ex>parch</ex> the skin; to <ex>parch</ex> corn.</as></def>

<blockquote>Ye shall eat neither bread, nor <b>parched</b> corn.
<i>Lev. xxiii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dry to extremity; to shrivel with heat; <as>as, the mouth is <ex>parched</ex> from fever</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The ground below is <b>parched</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Parch</h1>
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<hw>Parch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become scorched or superficially burnt; to be very dry.</def> "<i>Parch</i> in Afric sun."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Parchedness</h1>
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<hw>Parch"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being parched.</def>

<h1>Parchesi</h1>
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<hw>Par*che"si</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pachisi</er>.</def>

<h1>Parching</h1>
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<hw>Parch"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Scorching; burning; drying.</def> "Summer's <i>parching</i> heat." <i>Shak.</i> -- <wordforms><wf>Parch"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Parchment</h1>
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<hw>Parch"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>parchemin</ets>, <ets>perchemin</ets>, F. <ets>parchemin</ets>, LL. <ets>pergamenum</ets>, L. <ets>pergamena</ets>, <ets>pergamina</ets>, fr. L. <ets>Pergamenus</ets> of or belonging to <ets>Pergamus</ets> an ancient city of Mysia in Asia Minor, where parchment was first used.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The skin of a lamb, sheep, goat, young calf, or other animal, prepared for writing on. See <er>Vellum</er>.</def>

<blockquote>But here's a <b>parchment</b> with the seal of C\'91sar.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The envelope of the coffee grains, inside the pulp.</def>

<cs><col>Parchment paper</col>. <cd>See <er>Papyrine</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parcity</h1>
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<hw>Par"ci*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parcitas</ets>, fr. <ets>parcus</ets> sparing.]</ety> <def>Sparingless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Parclose</h1>
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<hw>Par"close</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. See <er>Perclose</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Arch.)</fld> <def>A screen separating a chapel from the body of the church.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>paraclose</asp> and <asp>perclose</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Hook.</i>

<h1>Pard</h1>
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<hw>Pard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pardus</ets>, Gr. <?/; cf. Skr. <ets>p<?/d\'beku</ets> tiger, panther.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A leopard; a panther.</def>

<blockquote>And more pinch-spotted make them
Than <b>pard</b> or cat o'mountain.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pardale</h1>
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<hw>Par"dale</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pardalis</ets>, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Pard</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A leopard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Parde, Pardie</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par*de"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par*die"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>adv. &or; interj.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pardi</ets>, for <ets>par Dieu</ets> by God.]</ety> <def>Certainly; surely; truly; verily; -- originally an oath.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pardee</asp>, <asp>pardieux</asp>, <asp>perdie</asp>, etc.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He was, <b>parde</b>, an old fellow of yours.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pardine</h1>
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<hw>Par"dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Spotted like a pard.</def>

<cs><col>Pardine lynx</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of lynx (<spn>Felis pardina</spn>) inhabiting Southern Europe. Its color is rufous, spotted with black.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pardo</h1>
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<hw>Par"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>pardao</ets>, fr. Skr. <ets>prat\'bepa</ets> splendor, majesty.]</ety> <def>A money of account in Goa, India, equivalent to about 2s. 6d. sterling. or 60 cts.</def>

<h1>Pardon</h1>
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<hw>Par"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>pardonner</ets> to pardon. See <er>Pardon</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of pardoning; forgiveness, as of an offender, or of an offense; release from penalty; remission of punishment; absolution.</def>

<blockquote><b>Pardon</b>, my lord, for me and for my tidings.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But infinite in <b>pardon</b> was my judge.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<usage>Used in expressing courteous denial or contradiction; <as>as, I crave your <ex>pardon</ex></as>; or in indicating that one has not understood another; <as>as, I beg <ex>pardon</ex></as>.</usage>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An official warrant of remission of penalty.</def>

<blockquote>Sign me a present <b>pardon</b> for my brother.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of being forgiven.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A release, by a sovereign, or officer having jurisdiction, from the penalties of an offense, being distinguished from <i>amenesty</i>, which is a general obliteration and canceling of a particular line of past offenses.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Forgiveness; remission. See <er>Forgiveness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Pardon</h1>
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<hw>Par"don</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pardoned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pardoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Either fr. <ets>pardon</ets>, n., or from F. <ets>pardonner</ets>, LL. <ets>perdonare</ets>; L. <ets>per</ets> through, thoroughly, perfectly + <ets>donare</ets> to give, to present. See <er>Par-</er>, and <er>Donation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To absolve from the consequences of a fault or the punishment of crime; to free from penalty; -- applied to the offender.</def>

<blockquote>In this thing the Lord <b>pardon</b> thy servant.
<i>2 Kings v. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I pray you, <b>pardon</b> me; pray heartily, <b>pardom</b> me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To remit the penalty of; to suffer to pass without punishment; to forgive; -- applied to offenses.</def>

<blockquote>I pray thee, <b>pardon</b> my sin.
<i>1 S<?/<?/. xv. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Apollo, <b>pardon</b>
My great profaneness 'gainst thine oracle <?/
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To refrain from exacting as a penalty.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>pardon</b> thee thy life before thou ask it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give leave (of departure) to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Even now about it! I will <b>pardon</b> you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Pardon me</col>, <cd>forgive me; excuse me; -- a phrase used also to express courteous denial or contradiction.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To forgive; absolve; excuse; overlook; remit; asquit. See <er>Excuse</er>.</syn>

<h1>Pardonable</h1>
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<hw>Par"don*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pardonnable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Admitting of pardon; not requiring the excution of penalty; venial; excusable; -- applied to the offense or to the offender; <as>as, a <ex>pardonable</ex> fault, or culprit</as>.</def>

<h1>Pardonableness</h1>
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<hw>Par"don*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being pardonable; <as>as, the <ex>pardonableness</ex> of sin</as>.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Pardonably</h1>
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<hw>Par"don*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner admitting of pardon; excusably.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Pardoner</h1>
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<hw>Par"don*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who pardons.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A seller of indulgences.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pardoning</h1>
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<hw>Par"don*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to pardon; having or exercising the right to pardon; willing to pardon; merciful; <as>as, the <ex>pardoning</ex> power; a <ex>pardoning</ex> God.</as></def>

<h1>Pare</h1>
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<hw>Pare</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pared</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Paring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>parer</ets> to pare, as a horse's hoofs, to dress or curry, as, leather, to clear, as anchors or cables, to parry, ward off, fr. L. <ets>parare</ets> to prepare. Cf. <er>Empire</er>, <er>Parade</er>, <er>Pardon</er>, <er>Parry</er>, <er>Prepare</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut off, or shave off, the superficial substance or extremities of; <as>as, to <ex>pare</ex> an apple; to <ex>pare</ex> a horse's hoof.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To remove; to separate; to cut or shave, as the skin, ring, or outside part, from anything; -- followed by <i>off</i> or <i>away</i>; as; to <i>pare</i> off the ring of fruit; to <i>pare</i> away redundancies.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: To diminish the bulk of; to reduce; to lessen.</def>

<blockquote>The king began to <b>pare</b> a little the privilege of clergy.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paregoric</h1>
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<hw>Par`e*gor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paregoricus</ets>, Gr. <?/, from <?/ addressing, encouraging, soothing; <?/ beside + <?/ an assembly: cf. F. <ets>par\'82gorique</ets>. See <er>Allegory</er>.]</ety> <def>Mitigating; assuaging or soothing pain; <as>as, <ex>paregoric</ex> elixir</as>.</def>

<h1>Paregoric</h1>
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<hw>Par`e*gor"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine that mitigates pain; an anodyne; specifically, camphorated tincture of opium; -- called also <altname>paregoric elexir</altname>.</def>

<h1>Parelcon</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rel"con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to draw aside, to be redundant; <?/ beside + <?/ to draw.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The addition of a syllable or particle to the end of a pronoun, verb, or adverb.</def>

<h1>Parelectronomic</h1>
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<hw>Par`e*lec`tro*nom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or relating to parelectronomy; <as>as, the <ex>parelectronomic</ex> part of a muscle</as>.</def>

<h1>Parelectronomy</h1>
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<hw>Par*e`lec*tron"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>electro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ law.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A condition of the muscles induced by exposure to severe cold, in which the electrical action of the muscle is reversed.</def>

<h1>Parella, Parelle</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pa*rel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pa`relle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>parelle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A name for two kinds of dock (<spn>Rumex Patientia</spn> and <spn>R. Hydrolapathum</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A kind of lichen (<spn>Lecanora parella</spn>) once used in dyeing and in the preparation of litmus.</def>

<h1>Parembole</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rem"bo*le</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ an insertion beside. See <er>Para-</er>, and <er>Embolus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A kind of parenthesis</def>.

<hr>
<page="1043">
Page 1043<p>

<h1>Parement</h1>
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<hw>Pare"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Parament</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Paremptosis</h1>
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<hw>Par`emp*to"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a coming in beside; <?/ beside + <?/ to fall in.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Parembole</er>.</def>

<h1>Parenchyma</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ren"chy*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to pour in beside; <?/ beside + <?/ in + <?/ to pour: cf. F. <ets>parenchyme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The soft celluar substance of the tissues of plants and animals, like the pulp of leaves, to soft tissue of glands, and the like.</def>

<h1>Parenchymal</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ren"chy*mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, parenchyma.</def>

<h1>Parenchymatous, Parenchymous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par`en*chym"a*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pa*ren"chy*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>parenchymateux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or connected with, the parenchyma of a tissue or an organ; <as>as, <ex>parenchymatous</ex> degeneration</as>.</def>

<h1>Parenesis</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ren"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paraenesis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to advise.]</ety> <def>Exhortation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Parenetic, Parenetioal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par`e*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par`e*net"io*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>par\'82n\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hortatory; encouraging; persuasive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>F. Potter.</i>

<h1>Parent</h1>
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<hw>Par"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>; akin to <ets>parere</ets> to bring forth; cf. Gr. <?/ to give, beget: cf. F. <ets>parent</ets>. Cf. <er>Part</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who begets, or brings forth, offspring; a father or a mother.</def>

<blockquote>Children, obey your <b>parents</b> in the Lord.
<i>Eph. vi. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which produces; cause; source; author; begetter; <as>as, idleness is the <ex>parent</ex> of vice</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Regular industry is the <b>parent</b> of sobriety.
<i>Channing.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Parent cell</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Mother cell</cref>, under <er>Mother</er>, also <er>Cytula</er>.</cd> -- <col>Parent nucleus</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>a nucleus which, in cell division, divides, and gives rise to two or more daughter nuclei. See <er>Karyokinesis</er>, and <cref>Cell division</cref>, under <er>Division</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parentage</h1>
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<hw>Par"ent*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>parentage</ets> relationship.]</ety> <def>Descent from parents or ancestors; parents or ancestors considered with respect to their rank or character; extraction; birth; <as>as, a man of noble <ex>parentage</ex></as>.</def> "Wilt thou deny thy <i>parentage</i>?"

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Though men esteem thee low of <b>parentage</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Parental</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ren"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parentalis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a parent or to parents; <as>as, <ex>parental</ex> authority; <ex>parental</ex> obligations.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Becoming to, or characteristic of, parents; tender; affectionate; devoted; <as>as, <ex>parental</ex> care</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The careful course and <b>parental</b> provision of nature.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Parentally</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ren"tal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a parental manner.</def>

<h1>Parentation</h1>
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<hw>Par`en*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parentatio</ets>, fr. <ets>parentare</ets> to offer a solemn sacrifice in honor of deceased parents. See <er>Parent</er>.]</ety> <def>Something done or said in honor of the dead; obsequies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Abp. Potter.</i>

<h1>Parentele</h1>
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<hw>Par"en`tele`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>parent\'8ale</ets>, L. <ets>parentela</ets>.]</ety> <def>Kinship; parentage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Parenthesis</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ren"the*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Parentheses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to put in beside, insert; <?/ beside + <?/ in + <?/ to put, place. See <er>Para-</er>, <er>En-</er>, 2, and <er>Thesis</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A word, phrase, or sentence, by way of comment or explanation, inserted in, or attached to, a sentence which would be grammatically complete without it. It is usually inclosed within curved lines (see def. 2 below), or dashes.</def> "Seldom mentioned without a derogatory <i>parenthesis</i>."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<blockquote>Don't suffer every occasional thought to carry you away into a long <b>parenthesis</b>.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>One of the curved lines () which inclose a parenthetic word or phrase.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Parenthesis</i>, in technical grammar, is that part of a sentence which is inclosed within the recognized sign; but many phrases and sentences which are punctuated by commas are logically parenthetical. In def. 1, the phrase "by way of comment or explanation" is inserted for explanation, and the sentence would be grammatically complete without it. The present tendency is to avoid using the distinctive marks, except when confusion would arise from a less conspicuous separation.</note>

<h1>Parenthesize</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ren"the*size</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a parenthesis of; to include within parenthetical marks.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Parenthetic, Patenthetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par`en*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pat`en*thet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of the nature of a parenthesis; pertaining to, or expressed in, or as in, a parenthesis; <as>as, a <ex>parenthetical</ex> clause; a <ex>parenthetic</ex> remark.</as></def>

<blockquote>A <b>parenthetical</b> observation of Moses himself.
<i>Hales.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Using or containing parentheses.</def>

<h1>Parenthetically</h1>
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<hw>Par`en*thet"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a parenthetical manner; by way of parenthesis; by parentheses.</def>

<h1>Parenthood</h1>
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<hw>Par"ent*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of a parent; the office or character of a parent.</def>

<h1>Parentticide</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rent"ti*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parenticida</ets> a parricide; <ets>parens</ets> parent + <ets>caedere</ets> to kill.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who kills one's own parent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who kills one's own parent; a parricide.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Parentless</h1>
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<hw>Par"ent*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deprived of parents.</def>

<h1>Parepididymis</h1>
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<hw>Par*ep`i*did"y*mis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Para-</er>, and <er>Epididymis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A small body containing convoluted tubules, situated near the epididymis in man and some other animals, and supposed to be a remnant of the anterior part of the Wolffian body.</def>

<h1>Parer</h1>
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<hw>Par"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pare</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, pares; an instrument for paring.</def>

<h1>Parergon</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rer"gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See <er>Parergy</er>.</def>

<h1>Parergy</h1>
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<hw>Par"er*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parergon</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ beside + <?/ work.]</ety> <def>Something unimportant, incidental, or superfluous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Paresis</h1>
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<hw>Par"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to let go; <?/ from + <?/ to send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Incomplete paralysis, affecting motion but not sensation.</def>

<h1>Parethmoid</h1>
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<hw>Par*eth"moid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>ethmoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Near or beside the ethmoid bone or cartilage; -- applied especially to a pair of bones in the nasal region of some fishes, and to the ethmoturbinals in some higher animals.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A parethmoid bone.</def></def2>

<h1>Paretic</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ret"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to paresis; affected with paresis.</def>

<h1>Parfay</h1>
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<hw>Par*fay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Par</ets> + <ets>fay</ets>.]</ety> <def>By my faith; verily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Parfit</h1>
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<hw>Par"fit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Perfect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Parfitly</h1>
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<hw>Par"fit*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Perfectly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Parforn, Parfourn</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par*forn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par*fourn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To perform.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Pargasite</h1>
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<hw>Par"gas*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from <ets>Pargas</ets>, in Finland.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A dark green aluminous variety of amphibole, or hornblende.</def>

<h1>Pargeboard</h1>
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<hw>Parge"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Bargeboard</er>.</def>

<h1>Parget</h1>
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<hw>Par"get</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pargeted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pargeting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>pargeten</ets>, also <ets>spargeten</ets>, <ets>sparchen</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To coat with parget; to plaster, as walls, or the interior of flues; <as>as, to <ex>parget</ex> the outside of their houses</as>.</def>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>pargeted</b> ceiling with pendants.
<i>R. L. Stevenson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To paint; to cover over.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Parget</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Par"get</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay on plaster.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To paint, as the face.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Parget</h1>
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<hw>Par"get</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Gypsum or plaster stone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Plaster, as for lining the interior of flues, or for stuccowork.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Paint, especially for the face.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Pargeter</h1>
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<hw>Par"get*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A plasterer.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Pargeting</h1>
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<hw>Par"get*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>pargetting</ets>.]</ety> <def>Plasterwork; esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> A kind of decorative plasterwork in raised ornamental figures, formerly used for the internal and external decoration of houses. <sd>(b)</sd> In modern architecture, the plastering of the inside of flues, intended to give a smooth surface and help the draught.</def>

<h1>Pargetory</h1>
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<hw>Par"get*o*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something made of, or covered with, parget, or plaster.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Parhelic</h1>
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<hw>Par*he"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to parhelia.</def>

<h1>Parhelion</h1>
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<hw>Par*hel"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Parhelia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>parelion</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ beside + <?/ the sun.]</ety> <def>A mock sun appearing in the form of a bright light, sometimes near the sun, and tinged with colors like the rainbow, and sometimes opposite to the sun. The latter is usually called an <i>anthelion</i>. Often several mock suns appear at the same time. Cf. <er>Paraselene</er>.</def>

<h1>Parhelium</h1>
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<hw>Par*he"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Parhelion</er>.</def>

<h1>Pari-</h1>
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<hw>Par"i-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>par</ets>, <ets>paris</ets>, equal.]</ety> <def>A combining form signifying <i>equal</i>; <as>as, <ex>pari</ex>digitate, <ex>pari</ex>pinnate</as>.</def>

<h1>Pariah</h1>
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<hw>Pa"ri*ah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Tamil <ets>paraiyan</ets>, pl. <ets>paraiyar</ets>, one of the low caste, fr. <ets>parai</ets> a large drum, because they beat the drums at certain festivals.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One of an aboriginal people of Southern India, regarded by the four castes of the Hindoos as of very low grade. They are usually the serfs of the Sudra agriculturalists. See <er>Caste</er>.</def>

<i>Balfour (Cyc. of India).</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An outcast; one despised by society.</def>

<cs><col>Pariah dog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a mongrel race of half-wild dogs which act as scavengers in Oriental cities.</cd> -- <col>Pariah kite</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of kite (<spn>Milvus govinda</spn>) which acts as a scavenger in India.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parial</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ri"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <cref>Pair royal</cref>, under <er>Pair</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Parian</h1>
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<hw>Pa"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Parius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Paros, an island in the \'92gean Sea noted for its excellent statuary marble; <as>as, <ex>Parian</ex> marble</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Parian chronicle</col>, <cd>a most ancient chronicle of the city of Athens, engraved on marble in the Isle of Paros, now among the Arundelian marbles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parian</h1>
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<hw>Pa"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of Paros.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A ceramic ware, resembling unglazed porcelain biscuit, of which are made statuettes, ornaments, etc.</def>

<h1>Paridigitata</h1>
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<hw>Par`i*dig`i*ta"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pari-</er>, and <er>Digitate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Artiodactyla</er>.</def>

<h1>Parjdigitate</h1>
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<hw>Par`j*dig"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having an evennumber of digits on the hands or the feet.</def>

<i>Qwen.</i>

<h1>Paries</h1>
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<hw>Pa"ri*es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Parietes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Parietes</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The triangular middle part of each segment of the shell of a barnacle.</def>

<h1>Parietal</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Pa*ri"e*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parietalis</ets>, fr. <ets>paries</ets>, <ets>-ietis</ets>, a wall: cf. F. <ets>pari\'82tal</ets>. Cf. <er>Parietary</er>, <er>Pellitory</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a wall; hence, pertaining to buildings or the care of them.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resident within the walls or buildings of a college.</def>

<blockquote>At Harvard College, the officers resident within the college walls constitute a permanent standing committee, called the <b>Parietal</b> Committee.
<i>B. H. Hall (1856).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of pertaining to the parietes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the parietal bones, which form the upper and middle part of the cranium, between the frontals and occipitals.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Attached to the main wall of the ovary, and not to the axis; -- said of a placenta.</def>

<h1>Parietal</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Pa*ri"e*tal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the parietal bones.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the special scales, or plates, covering the back of the head in certain reptiles and fishes.</def>

<h1>Parietary</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Pa*ri"e*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Parietal</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Parietary</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Pa*ri"e*ta*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parietaria</ets>, fr. <ets>parietarius</ets> parietal. Cf. <er>Pellitory</er>, <er>Parietal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of <spn>Parietaria</spn>. See 1st <er>Pellitory</er>.</def>

<h1>Parietes</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ri"e*tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paries</ets> a wall.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The walls of a cavity or an organ; <as>as, the abdominal <ex>parietes</ex>; the <ex>parietes</ex> of the cranium.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The sides of an ovary or of a capsule.</def>

<h1>Parietic</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Pa`ri*et"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in the lichen <spn>Parmelia parietina</spn>, and called also <i>chrysophanic acid</i>.</def>

<h1>Parietine</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ri"e*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parietinus</ets> parietal: cf. <ets>parietinae</ets> ruined walls.]</ety> <def>A piece of a fallen wall; a ruin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Parieto-</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Pa*ri"e*to-</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A combining form used to indicate <i>connection with</i>, or <i>relation to</i>, <i>the parietal bones or the parietal segment of the skull</i>; <as>as, the <ex>parieto</ex>-mastoid suture</as>.</def>

<h1>Parigenin</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rig"e*nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pari</ets>llin + <ets>-gen</ets> + <ets>-in</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A curdy white substance, obtained by the decomposition of parillin.</def>

<h1>Parillin</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Pa*ril"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Shortened fr. <ets>sarsaparillin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside resembling saponin, found in the root of sarsaparilla, smilax, etc., and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance; -- called also <altname>smilacin</altname>, <altname>sarsaparilla saponin</altname>, and <altname>sarsaparillin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Paring</h1>
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<hw>Par"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pare</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of cutting off the surface or extremites of anything.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is pared off.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>Pare off the surface of the earth, and with the <b>parings</b> raise your hills.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paripinnate</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Par`i*pin"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pari-</ets> + <ets>pinnate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pinnate with an equal number of leaflets on each side; having no odd leaflet at the end.</def>

<h1>Paris</h1>
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<hw>Par"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Paris</ets>, the son of Priam.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant common in Europe (<spn>Paris quadrifolia</spn>); herb Paris; truelove. It has been used as a narcotic.</def>

<note>&hand; It much resembles the American genus <spn>Trillium</spn>, but has usually four leaves and a tetramerous flower.</note>

<h1>Paris</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Par"is</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The chief city of France.</def>

<cs><col>Paris green</col>. <cd>See under <er>Green</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Paris white</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>purified chalk used as a pigment; whiting; Spanish white.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parish</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Par"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>parishe</ets>, <ets>paresche</ets>, <ets>parosche</ets>, OF. <ets>paroisse</ets>, <ets>parosse</ets>, <ets>paroiche</ets>, F. <ets>paroisse</ets>, L. <ets>parochia</ets>, corrupted fr. <ets>paroecia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ dwelling beside or near; <?/ beside + <?/ a house, dwelling; akin to L. <ets>vicus</ets> village. See <er>Vicinity</er>, and cf. <er>Parochial</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl. & Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That circuit of ground committed to the charge of one parson or vicar, or other minister having cure of souls therein.</def> <i>Cowell.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The same district, constituting a civil jurisdiction, with its own officers and regulations, as respects the poor, taxes, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; Populous and extensive parishes are now divided, under various parliamentary acts, into smaller ecclesiastical districts for spiritual purposes.</note>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ecclesiastical society, usually not bounded by territorial limits, but composed of those persons who choose to unite under the charge of a particular priest, clergyman, or minister; also, loosely, the territory in which the members of a congregation live.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In Louisiana, a civil division corresponding to a <i>county</i> in other States.</def>

<h1>Parish</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Par"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial; <as>as, a <ex>parish</ex> church; <ex>parish</ex> records; a <ex>parish</ex> priest</as>; maintained by the parish; <as>as, <ex>parish</ex> poor</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<cs><col>Parish clerk</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The clerk or recording officer of a parish</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A layman who leads in the responses and otherwise assists in the service of the Church of England.</cd> -- <col>Parish court</col>, <cd>in Louisiana, a court in each parish.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parishen</h1>
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<hw>Par"ish*en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A parishioner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Parishional</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Pa*rish"ion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Parishioner</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Pa*rish"ion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>paroissien</ets>, LL. <ets>parochianus</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who belongs to, or is connected with, a parish.</def>

<h1>Parisian</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ri"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>parisen</ets>.]</ety> <def>A native or inhabitant of Paris, the capital of France.</def>

<h1>Parisian</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Pa*ri"sian</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Paris.</def>

<h1>Parisienne</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Pa`ri`si`enne"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A female native or resident of Paris.</def>

<h1>Parisology</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Par`i*sol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ almost equal, evenly balanced + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The use of equivocal or ambiguous words.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Parisyllabic, Parisyllabical</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw><hw>Par`i*syl*lab"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par`i*syl*lab"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pari-</ets> + <ets>syllabic</ets>, <ets>-ical</ets>: cf. F. <ets>parisyllabique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the same number of syllables in all its inflections.</def>

<h1>Paritor</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Par"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>apparitor</ets>: cf. L. <ets>paritor</ets> a servant, attendant.]</ety> <def>An apparitor.</def> "Summoned by an host of <i>paritors</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Paritory</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Par"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pellitory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Parity</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Par"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paritas</ets>, fr. <ets>par</ets>, <ets>paris</ets>, equal: cf. F. <ets>parit\'82</ets>. See <er>Pair</er>, <er>Peer</er> an equal.]</ety> <def>The quality or condition of being equal or equivalent; A like state or degree; equality; close correspondence; analogy; <as>as, <ex>parity</ex> of reasoning</as>.</def> "No <i>parity</i> of principle."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<blockquote>Equality of length and <b>parity</b> of numeration.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Park</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Park</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>pearroc</ets>, or perh. rather fr. F. <ets>parc</ets>; both being of the same origin; cf. LL. <ets>parcus</ets>, <ets>parricus</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>pairc</ets>, W. <ets>park</ets>, <ets>parwg</ets>. Cf. <er>Paddock</er> an inclosure, <er>Parrock</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A piece of ground inclosed, and stored with beasts of the chase, which a man may have by prescription, or the king's grant.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tract of ground kept in its natural state, about or adjacent to a residence, as for the preservation of game, for walking, riding, or the like.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>While in the <b>park</b> I sing, the listening deer
Attend my passion, and forget to fear.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A piece of ground, in or near a city or town, inclosed and kept for ornament and recreation; <as>as, Hyde <ex>Park</ex> in London; Central <ex>Park</ex> in New York.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A space occupied by the animals, wagons, pontoons, and materials of all kinds, as ammunition, ordnance stores, hospital stores, provisions, etc., when brought together; also, the objects themselves; <as>as, a <ex>park</ex> of wagons; a <ex>park</ex> of artillery.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A partially inclosed basin in which oysters are grown.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>parc</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Park of artillery</col>. <cd>See under <er>Artillery</er>.</cd> -- <col>Park phaeton</col>, <cd>a small, low carriage, for use in parks.</cd></cs>

<h1>Park</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Park</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Parked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Parking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To inclose in a park, or as in a park.</def>

<blockquote>How are we <b>parked</b>, and bounded in a pale.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To bring together in a park, or compact body; <as>as, to <ex>park</ex> the artillery, the wagons, etc</as>.</def>

<h1>Parker</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Park"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt><def>, The keeper of a park.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Parkeria</h1>
<Xpage=1043>

<hw>Par*ke"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. So named from W. K. <ets>Parker</ets>, a British zo\'94logist.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of large arenaceous fossil Foraminifera found in the Cretaceous rocks. The species are globular, or nearly so, and are of all sizes up to that of a tennis ball.</def>

<hr>
<page="1044">
Page 1044<p>

<h1>Parkesine</h1>
<Xpage=1044>

<hw>Parkes"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from Mr. <ets>Parkes</ets>, the inventor.]</ety> <def>A compound, originally made from gun cotton and castor oil, but later from different materials, and used as a substitute for vulcanized India rubber and for ivory; -- called also <altname>xylotile</altname>.</def>

<h1>Parkleaves</h1>
<Xpage=1044>

<hw>Park"leaves`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A European species of Saint John's-wort; the tutsan. See <er>Tutsan</er>.</def>

<h1>Parlance</h1>
<Xpage=1044>

<hw>Par"lance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF., fr. F. <ets>parler</ets> to speak. See <er>Parley</er>.]</ety> <def>Conversation; discourse; talk; diction; phrase; <as>as, in legal <ex>parlance</ex>; in common <ex>parlance</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>A hate of gossip <b>parlance</b> and of sway.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Parlando, Parlante</h1>
<Xpage=1044>

<hw><hw>Par*lan"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par*lan"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Speaking; in a speaking or declamatory manner; to be sung or played in the style of a recitative.</def>

<h1>Parle</h1>
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<hw>Parle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>parler</ets>. See <er>Parley</er>.]</ety> <def>To talk; to converse; to parley.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Finding himself too weak, began to <b>parle</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Parle</h1>
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<hw>Parle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Conversation; talk; parley.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They ended <b>parle</b>, and both addressed for fight.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Parley</h1>
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<hw>Par"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Parleys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>parler</ets> speech, talk, fr. <ets>parler</ets> to speak, LL. <ets>parabolare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>parabola</ets> a comparison, parable, in LL., a word. See <er>Parable</er>, and cf. <er>Parliament</er>, <er>Parlor</er>.]</ety> <def>Mutual discourse or conversation; discussion; hence, an oral conference with an enemy, as with regard to a truce.</def>

<blockquote>We yield on <b>parley</b>, but are stormed in vain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To beat a parley</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to beat a drum, or sound a trumpet, as a signal for holding a conference with the enemy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parley</h1>
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<hw>Par"ley</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Parleyed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Parleying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To speak with another; to confer on some point of mutual concern; to discuss orally; hence, specifically, to confer orally with an enemy; to treat with him by words, as on an exchange of prisoners, an armistice, or terms of peace.</def>

<blockquote>They are at hand,
To <b>parley</b> or to fight; therefore prepare.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Parliament</h1>
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<hw>Par"lia*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>parlement</ets>, F. <ets>parlement</ets>, fr. <ets>parler</ets> to speak; cf. LL. <ets>parlamentum</ets>, <ets>parliamentum</ets>. See <er>Parley</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A parleying; a discussion; a conference.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>But first they held their <b>parliament</b>.
<i>Rom. of R.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A formal conference on public affairs; a general council; esp., an assembly of representatives of a nation or people having authority to make laws.</def>

<blockquote>They made request that it might be lawful for them to summon a <b>parliament</b> of Gauls.
<i>Golding.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The assembly of the three estates of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, viz., the lords spiritual, lords temporal, and the representatives of the commons, sitting in the House of Lords and the House of Commons, constituting the legislature, when summoned by the royal authority to consult on the affairs of the nation, and to enact and repeal laws.</def>

<note>&hand; Thought the sovereign is a constituting branch of Parliament, the word is generally used to denote the three estates named above.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In France, before the Revolution of 1789, one of the several principal judicial courts.</def>

<cs><col>Parliament heel</col>, <cd>the inclination of a ship when made to careen by shifting her cargo or ballast.</cd> -- <col>Parliament hinge</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a hinge with so great a projection from the wall or frame as to allow a door or shutter to swing back flat against the wall.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Long Parliament</col>, <col>Rump Parliament</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Long</er>, and <er>Rump</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parliamental</h1>
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<hw>Par`lia*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Parliamentary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Parliamentarian</h1>
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<hw>Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Parliament.</def>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Parliamentarian</h1>
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<hw>Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who adhered to the Parliament, in opposition to King Charles I.</def>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One versed in the rules and usages of Parliament or similar deliberative assemblies; <as>as, an accomplished <ex>parliamentarian</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Parliamentarily</h1>
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<hw>Par`lia*men"ta*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a parliamentary manner.</def>

<h1>Parliamentary</h1>
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<hw>Par`lia*men"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>parlementaire</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Parliament; <as>as, <ex>parliamentary</ex> authority</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Enacted or done by Parliament; <as>as, a <ex>parliamentary</ex> act</as>.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>According to the rules and usages of Parliament or of deliberative bodies; <as>as, a <ex>parliamentary</ex> motion</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Parliamentary agent</col>, <cd>a person, usually a solicitor, professionally employed by private parties to explain and recommend claims, bills, etc., under consideration of Parliament.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Parliamentary train</col></mcol>, <cd>one of the trains which, by act of Parliament, railway companies are required to run for the conveyance of third-class passengers at a reduced rate. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Parlor</h1>
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<hw>Par"lor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>parlour</ets>, <ets>parlur</ets>, F. <ets>parloir</ets>, LL. <ets>parlatorium</ets>. See <er>Parley</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>parlour</asp>.]</altsp> <def>A room for business or social conversation, for the reception of guests, etc.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The apartment in a monastery or nunnery where the inmates are permitted to meet and converse with each other, or with visitors and friends from without</def>. <i>Piers Plowman</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In large private houses, a sitting room for the family and for familiar guests, -- a room for less formal uses than the drawing-room. Esp., in modern times, the dining room of a house having few apartments, as a London house, where the dining parlor is usually on the ground floor.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Commonly, in the United States, a drawing-room, or the room where visitors are received and entertained.</def>

<note>&hand; "In England people who have a drawing-room no longer call it a <i>parlor</i>, as they called it of old and till recently."</note>

<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i>

<cs><col>Parior car</col>. <cd>See <cref>Palace car</cref>, under <er>Car</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parlous</h1>
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<hw>Par"lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>perlous</ets>, a contr. fr. <ets>perilous</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Attended with peril; dangerous; <as>as, a <ex>parlous</ex> cough</as>. </def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "A <i>parlous</i> snuffing."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Venturesome; bold; mischievous; keen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>parlous</i> boy." <i>Shak.</i> "A <i>parlous</i> wit."  <i>Dryden</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Par"lous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wf>Par"lous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Parmesan</h1>
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<hw>Par`me*san"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>parmesan</ets>, It. <ets>parmigiano</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Parma in Italy.</def>

<cs><col>Parmesan cheese</col>, <cd>a kind of cheese of a rich flavor, though from skimmed milk, made in Parma, Italy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parnassia</h1>
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<hw>Par*nas"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbs growing in wet places, and having white flowers; grass of Parnassus.</def>

<h1>Parnassian</h1>
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<hw>Par*nas"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Parnassius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Parnassus.</def>

<h1>Parnassian</h1>
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<hw>Par*nas"sian</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Parnassus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of butterflies belonging to the genus <spn>Parnassius</spn>. They inhabit the mountains, both in the Old World and in America.</def>

<h1>Parnassus</h1>
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<hw>Par*nas"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Geog. & Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>A mountain in Greece, sacred to Apollo and the Muses, and famous for a temple of Apollo and for the Castalian spring.</def>

<cs><col>Grass of Parnassus</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Grass</er>, and <er>Parnassia</er>.</cd> -- <col>To climb Parnassus</col>, <cd>to write poetry. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Paroccipital</h1>
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<hw>Par`oc*cip"i*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>occipital</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated near or beside the occipital condyle or the occipital bone; paramastoid; -- applied especially to a process of the skull in some animals.</def>

<h1>Parochial</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ro"chi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>parochialis</ets>, from L. <ets>parochia</ets>. See <er>Parish</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a parish; restricted to a parish; <as>as, <ex>parochial</ex> duties</as>.</def> "<i>Parochial</i> pastors." <i>Bp. Atterbury</i>. Hence, limited; narrow. "The <i>parochial</i> mind."  <i>W. Black</i>.

<h1>Parochialism</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ro"chi*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being parochial in form or nature; a system of management peculiar to parishes.</def>

<h1>Parochiality</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ro`chi*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being parochial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir J. Marriot.</i>

<h1>Parochialize</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ro"chi*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render parochial; to form into parishes.</def>

<h1>Parochially</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ro"chi*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a parochial manner; by the parish, or by parishes.</def>

<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i>

<h1>Parochian</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ro"chi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Parochial</er>, <er>Parishioner</er>.]</ety> <def>Parochial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Parochian</i> churches."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Parochian</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ro"chi*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>parochianus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A parishioner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ld. Burleigh.</i>

<h1>Parodic, Parodical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pa*rod"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pa*rod"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>parodique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the character of parody.</def>

<blockquote>Very paraphrastic, and sometimes <b>parodical</b>.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Parodist</h1>
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<hw>Par"o*dist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>parodiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who writes a parody; one who parodies.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Parody</h1>
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<hw>Par"o*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Parodies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>parodia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ beside + <?/ a song: cf. F. <ets>parodie</ets>. See <er>Para-</er>, and <er>Ode</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A writing in which the language or sentiment of an author is mimicked; especially, a kind of literary pleasantry, in which what is written on one subject is altered, and applied to another by way of burlesque; travesty.</def>

<blockquote>The lively <b>parody</b> which he wrote . . . on Dryden's "Hind and Panther" was received with great applause.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A popular maxim, adage, or proverb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Parody</h1>
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<hw>Par"o*dy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Parodied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Parodying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>parodier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To write a parody upon; to burlesque.</def>

<blockquote>I have translated, or rather <b>parodied</b>, a poem of Horace.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paroket</h1>
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<hw>Par"o*ket`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Paroquet</er>.</def>

<h1>Parol</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rol"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Parole</er>, the same word.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A word; an oral utterance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Oral declaration; word of mouth; also, a writing not under seal.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Parol</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rol"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Given or done by word of mouth; oral; also, given by a writing not under seal; <as>as, <ex>parol</ex> evidence</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Parol arrest</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an arrest in pursuance of a verbal order from a magistrate.</cd> -- <col>Parol contract</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>any contract not of record or under seal, whether oral or written; a simple contract.</cd></cs>

<i>Chitty. Story.</i>

<h1>Parole</h1>
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<hw>Pa*role"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>parole</ets>. See <er>Parley</er>, and cf. <er>Parol</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A word; an oral utterance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Word of promise; word of honor; plighted faith; especially <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, promise, upon one's faith and honor, to fulfill stated conditions, as not to bear arms against one's captors, to return to custody, or the like.</def>

<blockquote>This man had forfeited his military <b>parole</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A watchword given only to officers of guards; -- distinguished from <i>countersign</i>, which is given to all guards.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Oral declaration. See lst <er>Parol</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Parole</h1>
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<hw>Pa*role"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See 2d <er>Parol</er>.</def>

<h1>Parole</h1>
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<hw>Pa*role"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Paroled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Paroling</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To set at liberty on parole; <as>as, to <ex>parole</ex> prisoners</as>.</def>

<h1>Paromology</h1>
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<hw>Par`o*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. fr. <?/, fr. <?/ to grant; <?/ by, near + <?/ to speak together, agree. See <er>Homologous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A concession to an adversary in order to strengthen one's own argument.</def>

<h1>Paronomasia</h1>
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<hw>Par`o*no*ma"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to form a word by a slight change; <?/ beside + <?/ to name, fr. <?/ a name.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A play upon words; a figure by which the same word is used in different senses, or words similar in sound are set in opposition to each other, so as to give antithetical force to the sentence; punning.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Paronomastic, Paronomastical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par`o*no*mas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par`o*no*mas"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to paronomasia; consisting in a play upon words.</def>

<h1>Paronomasy</h1>
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<hw>Par`o*nom"a*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>paronomasie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Paronomasia.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Paronychia</h1>
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<hw>Par`o*nych"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ beside + <?/, <?/, a nail.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A whitlow, or felon.</def>

<i>Quincy.</i>

<h1>Paronym</h1>
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<hw>Par"o*nym</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A paronymous word.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>paronyme</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Paronymous</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ron"y*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ beside, near + <?/ a name.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the same derivation; allied radically; conjugate; -- said of certain words, as <i>man</i>, <i>mankind</i>, <i>manhood</i>, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a similar sound, but different orthography and different meaning; -- said of certain words, as <i>al<?/</i> and <i>awl</i>; <i>hair</i> and <i>hare</i>, etc.</def>

<h1>Paronymy</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ron"y*my</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being paronymous; also, the use of paronymous words.</def>

<h1>Paro\'94phoron</h1>
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<hw>Par`o*\'94ph"o*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ (see <er>Para-</er>) + <?/ an egg + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A small mass of tubules near the ovary in some animals, and corresponding with the parepididymis of the male.</def>

<h1>Paroquet</h1>
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<hw>Par"o*quet`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>perroquet</ets>, or Sp. <ets>periquito</ets>; both prob. orig. meaning, little Peter. See <er>Parrot</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Parrakeet</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>paroket</asp>, <asp>parroquet</asp>, and <asp>perroquet</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><mcol><col>Paroquet auk</col> &or; <col>auklet</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small auk (<spn>Cyclorrhynchus psittaculus</spn>) inhabiting the coast and islands of Alaska. The upper parts are dark slate, under parts white, bill orange red. Called also <altname>perroquet auk</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parorchis</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ror"chis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Para-</er>, and <er>Orchis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The part of the epididymis; or the corresponding part of the excretory duct of the testicle, which is derived from the Wolffian body.</def>

<h1>Parosteal</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ros"te*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to parostosis; <as>as, <ex>parosteal</ex> ossification</as>.</def>

<h1>Parostosis</h1>
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<hw>Par`os*to"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Para-</er>, and <er>Ostosis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Ossification which takes place in purely fibrous tracts; the formation of bone outside of the periosteum.</def>

<h1>Parostotic</h1>
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<hw>Par`os*tot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to parostosis.</def>

<h1>Parotic</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Parotid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>On the side of the auditory capsule; near the external ear.</def>

<cs><col>Parotic region</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the space around the ears.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parotid</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rot"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parotis</ets>, <ets>-idis</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ beside, near + <?/, <?/, the ear: cf. F. <ets>parotide</ets>. ]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Situated near the ear; -- applied especially to the salivary gland near the ear. </def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the parotid gland.</def>

<cs><col>Parotid gland</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one of the salivary glands situated just in front of or below the ear. It is the largest of the salivary glands in man, and its duct opens into the interior of the mouth opposite the second molar of the upper jaw.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parotid</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rot"id</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The parotid gland.</def>

<h1>Parotitis</h1>
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<hw>Par`o*ti"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Parotid</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the parotid glands.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Epidemic</col>, &or; <col>Infectious</col>, <col>parotitis</col></mcol>, <cd>mumps.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parotoid</h1>
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<hw>Par"o*toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Parot</ets>id + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Resembling the parotid gland; -- applied especially to cutaneous glandular elevations above the ear in many toads and frogs.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A parotoid gland.</def></def2>

<h1>Parousia</h1>
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<hw>Pa*rou"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Parusia</er>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The nativity of our Lord.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The last day.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Parovarium</h1>
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<hw>Par`o*va"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Para-</er>, and <er>Ovarium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A group of tubules, a remnant of the Wolffian body, often found near the ovary or oviduct; the epo\'94phoron.</def>

<h1>Paroxysm</h1>
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<hw>Par"ox*ysm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>paroxysme</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to sharpen, irritate; <?/ beside, beyond + <?/ to sharpen, from <?/ sharp.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The fit, attack, or exacerbation, of a disease that occurs at intervals, or has decided remissions or intermissions.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any sudden and violent emotion; spasmodic passion or action; a convulsion; a fit.</def>

<blockquote>The returning <b>paroxysms</b> of diffidence and despair.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paroxysmal</h1>
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<hw>Par`ox*ys"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of a paroxysm; characterized or accompanied by paroxysms; <as>as, a <ex>paroxysmal</ex> pain; <ex>paroxysmal</ex> temper.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Par`ox*ys"mal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Paroxytone</h1>
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<hw>Par*ox"y*tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <tt>a.</tt> See <er>Para-</er>, and <er>Oxytone</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Gram.)</fld> <def>A word having an acute accent on the penultimate syllable.</def>

<h1>Parquet</h1>
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<hw>Par*quet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Parquetry</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A body of seats on the floor of a music hall or theater nearest the orchestra; but commonly applied to the whole lower floor of a theater, from the orchestra to the dress circle; the pit.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Same as <er>Parquetry</er>.</def>

<h1>Parquetage</h1>
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<hw>Par"quet*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Parquetry</er>.</def>

<h1>Parqueted</h1>
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<hw>Par"quet*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed in parquetry; inlaid with wood in small and differently colored figures.</def>

<blockquote>One room <b>parqueted</b> with yew, which I liked well.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Parquetry</h1>
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<hw>Par"quet*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>parqueterie</ets>, fr. <ets>parquet</ets> inlaid flooring, fr. <ets>parquet</ets>, dim. of <ets>parc</ets> an inclosure. See <er>Park</er>.]</ety> <def>A species of joinery or cabinet-work consisting of an inlay of geometric or other patterns, generally of different colors, -- used especially for floors.</def>

<h1>Parquette</h1>
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<hw>Par*quette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Parquet</er>.</def>

<h1>Parr</h1>
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<hw>Parr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gael. & Ir. <ets>bradan</ets> a salmon.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A young salmon in the stage when it has dark transverse bands; -- called also <altname>samlet</altname>, <altname>skegger</altname>, and <altname>fingerling</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A young leveret.</def>

<hr>
<page="1045">
Page 1045<p>

<h1>Parrakeet, Parakeet</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par"ra*keet`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par"a*keet`</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Paroquet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of small parrots having a graduated tail, which is frequently very long; -- called also <altname>paroquet</altname> and <altname>paraquet</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; Many of the Asiatic and Australian species belong to the genus <spn>Paleornis</spn>; others belong to <spn>Polytelis</spn>, <spn>Platycercus</spn>, <spn>Psephotus</spn>, <spn>Euphema</spn>, and allied genera. The American parrakeets mostly belong to the genus <spn>Conurus</spn>, as the Carolina parrakeet (<spn>C. Carolinensis</spn>).</note>

<h1>Parral, Parrel</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par"rel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>appareil</ets>. See <er>Apparel</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The rope or collar by which a yard or spar is held to the mast in such a way that it may be hoisted or lowered at pleasure.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A chimney-piece.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Parraqua</h1>
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<hw>Par*ra"qua</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A curassow of the genus <spn>Ortalida</spn>, allied to the guan.</def>

<h1>Parrhesia</h1>
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<hw>Par*rhe"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ beside, beyond + <?/ a speaking.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Boldness or freedom of speech.</def>

<h1>Parricidal</h1>
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<hw>Par"ri*ci`dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parricidalis</ets>, <ets>parricidialis</ets>. See <er>Parricide</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to parricide; guilty of parricide.</def>

<h1>Parricide</h1>
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<hw>Par"ri*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>parricida</ets>; <ets>pater</ets> father + <ets>caedere</ets> to kill. See <er>Father</er>, <er>Homicide</er>, and cf. <er>Patricide</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Properly, one who murders one's own father; in a wider sense, one who murders one's father or mother or any ancestor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[L. <ets>parricidium</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or crime of murdering one's own father or any ancestor.</def>

<h1>Parricidious</h1>
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<hw>Par`ri*cid"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Parricidal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Parrock</h1>
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<hw>Par"rock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>pearruc</ets>, <ets>pearroc</ets>. See <er>Park</er>.]</ety> <def>A croft, or small field; a paddock.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Parrot</h1>
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<hw>Par"rot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. F. <ets>Pierrot</ets>, dim. of <ets>Pierre</ets> Peter. F. <ets>pierrot</ets> is also the name of the sparrow. Cf. <er>Paroquet</er>, <er>Petrel</er>, <er>Petrify</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>In a general sense, any bird of the order <spn>Psittaci</spn>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of <spn>Psittacus</spn>, <spn>Chrysotis</spn>, <spn>Pionus</spn>, and other genera of the family <spn>Psittacid\'91</spn>, as distinguished from the parrakeets, macaws, and lories. They have a short rounded or even tail, and often a naked space on the cheeks. The gray parrot, or jako (<spn>P. erithacus</spn>) of Africa (see <er>Jako</er>), and the species of Amazon, or green, parrots (<spn>Chrysotis</spn>) of America, are examples. Many species, as cage birds, readily learn to imitate sounds, and to repeat words and phrases.</def>

<cs><col>Carolina parrot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Carolina parrakeet. See <er>Parrakeet</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Night parrot</col>, &or; <col>Owl parrot</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Kakapo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Parrot coal</col>, <cd>cannel coal; -- so called from the crackling and chattering sound it makes in burning.</cd> <mark>[Eng. & Scot.]</mark> -- <col>Parrot green</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Scheele's green</cref>, under <er>Green</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Parrot weed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a suffrutescent plant (<spn>Bocconia frutescens</spn>) of the Poppy family, native of the warmer parts of America. It has very large, sinuate, pinnatifid leaves, and small, panicled, apetalous flowers.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Parrot wrasse</col>, <col>Parrot fish</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any fish of the genus <spn>Scarus</spn>. One species (<spn>S. Cretensis</spn>), found in the Mediterranean, is esteemed by epicures, and was highly prized by the ancient Greeks and Romans.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parrot</h1>
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<hw>Par"rot</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To repeat by rote, as a parrot.</def>

<h1>Parrot</h1>
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<hw>Par"rot</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To chatter like a parrot.</def>

<h1>Parroter</h1>
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<hw>Par"rot*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who simply repeats what he has heard.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Parrotry</h1>
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<hw>Par"rot*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Servile imitation or repetition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Coleridge</i>. "The supine <i>parrotry</i>." <i>Fitzed. Hall</i>.

<h1>Parrot's-bill</h1>
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<hw>Par"rot's-bill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from the resemblance of its curved superior petal to a parrot's bill.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The glory pea. See under <er>Glory</er>.</def>

<h1>Parry</h1>
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<hw>Par"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Parried</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Parrying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>par\'82</ets>, p. p. of <ets>parer</ets>. See <er>Pare</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To ward off; to stop, or to turn aside; <as>as, to <ex>parry</ex> a thrust, a blow, or anything that means or threatens harm</as>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>Vice <b>parries</b> wide
The undreaded volley with a sword of straw.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To avoid; to shift or put off; to evade.</def>

<blockquote>The French government has <b>parried</b> the payment of our claims.
<i>E. Everett.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Parry</h1>
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<hw>Par"ry</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To ward off, evade, or turn aside something, as a blow, argument, etc.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Parry</h1>
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<hw>Par"ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Parries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A warding off of a thrust or blow, as in sword and bayonet exercises or in boxing; hence, figuratively, a defensive movement in debate or other intellectual encounter.</def>

<h1>Parse</h1>
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<hw>Parse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Parsed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Parsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>pars</ets> a part; <ets>pars orationis</ets> a part of speech. See <er>Part</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To resolve into its elements, as a sentence, pointing out the several parts of speech, and their relation to each other by government or agreement; to analyze and describe grammatically.</def>

<blockquote>Let him construe the letter into English, and <b>parse</b> it over perfectly.
<i>Ascham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Parsee</h1>
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<hw>Par"see</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. & Per. <ets>p\'bers\'c6</ets> a Persian, a follower of Zoroaster, a fire worshiper. Cf. <er>Persian</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the adherents of the Zoroastrian or ancient Persian religion, descended from Persian refugees settled in India; a fire worshiper; a Gheber.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The Iranian dialect of much of the religious literature of the Parsees.</def>

<h1>Parseeism</h1>
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<hw>Par"see*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The religion and customs of the Parsees.</def>

<h1>Parser</h1>
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<hw>Pars"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who parses.</def>

<h1>Parsimonious</h1>
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<hw>Par`si*mo"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>parcimonieux</ets>. See <er>Parsimony</er>.]</ety> <def>Exhibiting parsimony; sparing in expenditure of money; frugal to excess; penurious; niggardly; stingy.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>A prodigal king is nearer a tyrant than a <b>parsimonious</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Extraordinary funds for one campaign may spare us the expense of many years; whereas a long, <b>parsimonious</b> war will drain us of more men and money.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Covetous; niggardly; miserly; penurious; close; saving; mean; stingy; frugal. See <er>Avaricious</er>.</syn>

<h1>Parsimony</h1>
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<hw>Par"si*mo*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parsimonia</ets>, <ets>parcimonia</ets>; cf. <ets>parcere</ets> to spare, <ets>parsus</ets> sparing: cf. F. <ets>parcimonie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Closeness or sparingness in the expenditure of money; -- generally in a bad sense; excessive frugality; niggardliness.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Awful <b>parsimony</b> presided generally at the table.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Economy; frugality; illiberality; covetousness; closeness; stinginess. See <er>Economy</er>.</syn>

<h1>Parsley</h1>
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<hw>Pars"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>persely</ets>, <ets>persil</ets>, F. <ets>persil</ets>, L. <ets>petroselinum</ets> rock parsley, Gr. <?/; <?/ stone + <?/ parsley. Cf. <er>Celery</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An aromatic umbelliferous herb (<spn>Carum Petroselinum</spn>), having finely divided leaves which are used in cookery and as a garnish.</def>

<blockquote>As she went to the garden for <b>parsley</b>, to stuff a rabbit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Fool's parsley</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fool</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Hedge parsley</col>, <col>Milk parsley</col>, <col>Stone parsley</col></mcol>, <cd>names given to various weeds of similar appearance to the parsley.</cd> -- <col>Parsley fern</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small fern with leaves resembling parsley (<spn>Cryptogramme crispa</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Parsley piert</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small herb (<spn>Alchemilla arvensis</spn>) formerly used as a remedy for calculus.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parsnip</h1>
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<hw>Pars"nip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>parsnepe</ets>, from a French form, fr. L. <ets>pastinaca</ets>; cf. <ets>pastinare</ets> to dig up, <ets>pastinum</ets> a kind of dibble; cf. OF. <ets>pastenade</ets>, <ets>pastenaque</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The aromatic and edible spindle-shaped root of the cultivated form of the <i>Pastinaca sativa</i>, a biennial umbelliferous plant which is very poisonous in its wild state; also, the plant itself.</def>

<cs><col>Cow parsnip</col>. <cd>See <er>Cow parsnip</er>.</cd> -- <col>Meadow parsnip</col>, <cd>the European cow parsnip.</cd> -- <col>Poison parsnip</col>, <cd>the wild stock of the parsnip.</cd> -- <col>Water parsnip</col>, <cd>any plant of the umbelliferous genus <spn>Sium</spn>, the species of which are poisonous.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parson</h1>
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<hw>Par"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>persone</ets> person, parson, OF. <ets>persone</ets>, F. <ets>personne</ets> person, LL. <ets>persona</ets> (sc. <ets>ecclesiae</ets>), fr. L. <ets>persona</ets> a person. See <er>Person</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>A person who represents a parish in its ecclesiastical and corporate capacities; hence, the rector or incumbent of a parochial church, who has full possession of all the rights thereof, with the cure of souls.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any clergyman having ecclesiastical preferment; one who is in orders, or is licensed to preach; a preacher.</def>

<blockquote>He hears the <b>parson</b> pray and preach.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Parson bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a New Zealand bird (<spn>Prosthemadera Nov\'91seelandi\'91</spn>) remarkable for its powers of mimicry and its ability to articulate words. Its color is glossy black, with a curious tuft of long, curly, white feathers on each side of the throat. It is often kept as a cage bird.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parsonage</h1>
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<hw>Par"son*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>A certain portion of lands, tithes, and offerings, for the maintenance of the parson of a parish.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The glebe and house, or the house only, owned by a parish or ecclesiastical society, and appropriated to the maintenance or use of the incumbent or settled pastor.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Money paid for the support of a parson.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>What have I been paying stipend and teind, <b>parsonage</b> and vicarage, for?
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Parsoned</h1>
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<hw>Par"soned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with a parson.</def>

<h1>Parsonic, Parsonical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par*son"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par*son"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a parson; clerical.</def>

<blockquote>Vainglory glowed in his <b>parsonic</b> heart.
<i>Colman.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Par*son"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Parsonish</h1>
<Xpage=1045>

<hw>Par"son*ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Appropriate to, or like, a parson; -- used in disparagement.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Part</h1>
<Xpage=1045>

<hw>Part</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>part</ets>, L. <ets>pars</ets>, gen. <ets>partis</ets>; cf. <ets>parere</ets> to bring forth, produce. Cf. <er>Parent</er>, <er>Depart</er>, <er>Parcel</er>, <er>Partner</er>, <er>Party</er>, <er>Portion</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the portions, equal or unequal, into which anything is divided, or regarded as divided; something less than a whole; a number, quantity, mass, or the like, regarded as going to make up, with others, a larger number, quantity, mass, etc., whether actually separate or not; a piece; a fragment; a fraction; a division; a member; a constituent.</def>

<blockquote>And kept back <b>part</b> of the price, . . . and brought a certain <b>part</b> and laid it at the apostles'feet.
<i>Acts v. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our ideas of extension and number -- do they not contain a secret relation of the <b>parts</b> ?
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am a <b>part</b> of all that I have met.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> Hence, specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An equal constituent portion; one of several or many like quantities, numbers, etc., into which anything is divided, or of which it is composed; proportional division or ingredient.</def>

<blockquote>An homer is the tenth <b>part</b> of an ephah.
<i>Ex. xvi. 36.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A thought which, quartered, hath but one <b>part</b> wisdom,
And ever three <b>parts</b> coward.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A constituent portion of a living or spiritual whole; a member; an organ; an essential element</def>.

<blockquote>All the <b>parts</b> were formed . . . into one harmonious body.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The pulse, the glow of every <b>part</b>.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A constituent of character or capacity; quality; faculty; talent; -- usually in the plural with a collective sense</def>. "Men of considerable <i>parts</i>." <i>Burke</i>. "Great quickness of <i>parts</i>." <i>Macaulay</i>.

<blockquote>Which maintained so politic a state of evil, that they will not admit any good <b>part</b> to intermingle with them.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Quarter; region; district; -- usually in the plural</def>. "The uttermost <i>part</i> of the heaven."  <i>Neh. i. 9</i>.

<blockquote>All <b>parts</b> resound with tumults, plaints, and fears.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Such portion of any quantity, as when taken a certain number of times, will exactly make that quantity; as, 3 is a <i>part</i> of 12; -- the opposite of <i>multiple</i>. Also, a line or other element of a geometrical figure.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which belongs to one, or which is assumed by one, or which falls to one, in a division or apportionment; share; portion; lot; interest; concern; duty; office.</def>

<blockquote>We have no <b>part</b> in David.
<i>2 Sam. xx. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Accuse not Nature! she hath done her <b>part</b>;
Do thou but thine.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let me bear
My <b>part</b> of danger with an equal share.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> Hence, specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the opposing parties or sides in a conflict or a controversy; a faction.</def>

<blockquote>For he that is not against us is on our <b>part</b>.
<i>Mark ix. 40.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Make whole kingdoms take her brother's <b>part</b>.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A particular character in a drama or a play; an assumed personification; also, the language, actions, and influence of a character or an actor in a play; or, figuratively, in real life. See <cref>To act a part</cref>, under <er>Act</er>.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>part</b>
Was aptly fitted and naturally performed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It was a brute <b>part</b> of him to kill so capital a calf.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Honor and shame from no condition rise;
Act well your <b>part</b>, there all the honor lies.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One of the different melodies of a concerted composition, which heard in union compose its harmony; also, the music for each voice or instrument; <as>as, the treble, tenor, or bass <ex>part</ex>; the violin <ex>part</ex>, etc</as>.</def>

<cs><col>For my part</col>, <cd>so far as concerns me; for my share.</cd> -- <col>For the most part</col>. <cd>See under <er>Most</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <col>In good part</col>, <cd>as well done; favorably; acceptably; in a friendly manner.</cd> <i>Hooker</i>. <col>In ill part</col>, <cd>unfavorably; with displeasure.</cd> -- <col>In part</col>, <cd>in some degree; partly.</cd> -- <col>Part and parcel</col>, <cd>an essential or constituent portion; -- a reduplicative phrase. Cf. <cref>might and main</cref>, <cref>kith and kin</cref>, etc. "She was . . . <i>part and parcel<i> of the race and place." <i>Howitt</i>.</cd> -- <col>Part of speech</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>a sort or class of words of a particular character; thus, the noun is a <i>part of speech<i> denoting the name of a thing; the verb is a <i>part of speech<i> which asserts something of the subject of a sentence.</cd> -- <col>Part owner</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one of several owners or tenants in common. See <cref>Joint tenant</cref>, under <er>Joint</er>.</cd> -- <col>Part singing</col>, <cd>singing in which two or more of the harmonic parts are taken.</cd> -- <col>Part song</col>, <cd>a song in two or more (commonly four) distinct vocal parts. "A <i>part song<i> differs from a madrigal in its exclusion of contrapuntual devices; from a glee, in its being sung by many voices, instead of by one only, to each part." <i>Stainer & Barrett</i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Portion; section; division; fraction; fragment; piece; share; constituent. See <er>Portion</er>, and <er>Section</er>.</syn>

<h1>Part</h1>
<Xpage=1045>

<hw>Part</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Parted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Parting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>partir</ets>, L. <ets>partire</ets>, <ets>partiri</ets>, p. p. <ets>partitus</ets>, fr. <ets>pars</ets>, gen. <ets>partis</ets>, a part. See <er>Part</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To divide; to separate into distinct parts; to break into two or more parts or pieces; to sever.</def> "Thou shalt <i>part</i> it in pieces."

<i>Lev. ii. 6.</i>

<blockquote>There, [celestial love] <b>parted</b> into rainbow hues.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To divide into shares; to divide and distribute; to allot; to apportion; to share.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>part</b> his throne, and share his heaven with thee.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>parted</b> my raiment among them.
<i>John xix. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To separate or disunite; to cause to go apart; to remove from contact or contiguity; to sunder.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord do so to me, and more also, if aught but death <b>part</b> thee and me.
<i>Ruth i. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>While he blessed them, he was <b>parted</b> from them, and carried up into heaven.
<i>Luke xxiv. 51.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The narrow seas that <b>part</b>
The French and English.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Hence: To hold apart; to stand between; to intervene betwixt, as combatants.</def>

<blockquote>The stumbling night did <b>part</b> our weary powers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To separate by a process of extraction, elimination, or secretion; <as>as, to <ex>part</ex> gold from silver</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The liver minds his own affair, . . .
And <b>parts</b> and strains the vital juices.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To leave; to quit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Since presently your souls must <b>part</b> your bodies.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To part a cable</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to break it.</cd> -- <col>To part company</col>, <cd>to separate, as travelers or companions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Part</h1>
<Xpage=1045>

<hw>Part</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be broken or divided into parts or pieces; to break; to become separated; to go asunder; <as>as, rope <ex>parts</ex>; his hair <ex>parts</ex> in the middle.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To go away; to depart; to take leave; to quit each other; hence, to die; -- often with <i>from</i>.</def>

<blockquote>He wrung Bassanio's hand, and so they <b>parted</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He owned that he had <b>parted</b> from the duke only a few hours before.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His precious bag, which he would by no means <b>part</b> from.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To perform an act of parting; to relinquish a connection of any kind; -- followed by <i>with</i> or <i>from</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Celia, for thy sake, I <b>part</b>
With all that grew so near my heart.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Powerful hands . . . will not <b>part</b>
Easily from possession won with arms.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It was strange to him that a father should feel no tenderness at <b>parting</b> with an only son.
<i>A. Trollope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To have a part or share; to partake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "They shall <i>part</i> alike."

<i>1 Sam. xxx. 24.</i>

<h1>Part</h1>
<Xpage=1045>

<hw>Part</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Partly; in a measure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Partable</h1>
<Xpage=1045>

<hw>Part"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Partible</er>.</def>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Partage</h1>
<Xpage=1045>

<hw>Part"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Part</er>, <tt>v.</tt> & <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Division; the act of dividing or sharing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Part; portion; share.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Partake</h1>
<Xpage=1045>

<hw>Par*take"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Partook</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Partaken</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Partaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Part</ets> + <ets>take</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To take a part, portion, lot, or share, in common with others; to have a share or part; to participate; to share; <as>as, to <ex>partake</ex> of a feast with others</as>.</def> "Brutes <i>partake</i> in this faculty."

<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>When I against myself with thee <b>partake</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have something of the properties, character, or office; -- usually followed by <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The attorney of the Duchy of Lancaster <b>partakes</b> partly of a judge, and partly of an attorney-general.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1046">
Page 1046<p>

<h1>Partake</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par*take"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To partake of; to have a part or share in; to share.</def>

<blockquote>Let every one <b>partake</b> the general joy.
<i>Driden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To admit to a share; to cause to participate; to give a part to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spencer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To distribute; to communicate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Partaker</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par*tak"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who partakes; a sharer; a participator.</def>

<blockquote><b>Partakers</b> of their spiritual things.
<i>Rom. xv. 27.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wish me <b>partaker</b> in my happiness.
<i>Shark.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An accomplice; an associate; a partner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Partakers</b> wish them in the blood of the prophets.
<i>Matt. xxiii. 30.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Partan</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par"tan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>partan</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An edible British crab.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Parted</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Part"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Separated; devided.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Endowed with parts or abilities.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Cleft so that the divisions reach nearly, but not quite, to the midrib, or the base of the blade; -- said of a leaf, and used chiefly in composition; <as>as, three-<ex>parted</ex>, five-<ex>parted</ex>, etc</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Parter</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Part"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or which, parts or separates.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Parterre</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par*terre"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>par</ets> on, by (L. <ets>per</ets>)+<ets>terre</ets> earth, ground, L. <ets>terra</ets>. See <er>Terrace</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>An ornamental and diversified arrangement of beds or plots, in which flowers are cultivated, with intervening spaces of gravel or turf for walking on.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The pit of a theater; the parquet.</def> <mark>[France]</mark>

<h1>Partheniad</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par*the"ni*ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Parthenic</er>.]</ety> <def>A poem in honor of a virgin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Parthenic</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par*then"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a maid, virgin.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Spartan Partheni\'91, or sons of unmarried women.</def>

<h1>Parthenogenesis</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par`the*no*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>parqe`nos</grk> a virgin + E. <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The production of new individuals from virgin females by means of ova which have the power of developing without the intervention of the male element; the production, without fertilization, of cells capable of germination. It is one of the phenomena of alternate generation. Cf. <er>Heterogamy</er>, and <er>Metagenesis</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The production of seed without fertilization, believed to occur through the nonsexual formation of an embryo extraneous to the embrionic vesicle.</def>

<h1>Parthenogenetic</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par`the*no*ge*net"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or produced by, parthenogenesis; <as>as, <ex>parthenogenetic</ex> forms</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Par`the*no*ge*net"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Parthenogenitive</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par`the*no*gen"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Parthenogenetic.</def>

<h1>Parthenogeny</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par`the*nog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Parthenogenesis</er>.</def>

<h1>Parthenon</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par"the*non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <grk>Parqenw`n</grk>, fr.<grk>parqe`nos</grk> a virgin, i. e., Athene, the Greek goddess called also Pallas.]</ety> <def>A celebrated marble temple of Athene, on the Acropolis at Athens. It was of the pure Doric order, and has had an important influence on art.</def>

<h1>Partenope</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par*ten"o*pe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the name of a Siren, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>One of the Sirens, who threw herself into the sea, in despair at not being able to beguile Ulysses by her songs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the asteroids between Mars and Jupiter, descovered by M. de Gasparis in 1850.</def>

<h1>Parthian</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par"thi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ancient Parthia, in Asia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native Parthia.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Parthian arrow</col>, <cd>an arrow discharged at an enemy when retreating from him, as was the custom of the ancient Parthians; hence, a parting shot.</cd></cs>

<h1>Partial</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>partials</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pars</ets>, gen. <ets>partis</ets>, a part; cf. (for sense 1) F. <ets>partiel</ets>. See <er>Part</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of, pertaining to, or affecting, a part only; not general or universal; not total or entire; <as>as, a <ex>partial</ex> eclipse of the moon</as>.</def> "<i>Partial</i> dissolutions of the earth."

<i>T. Burnet.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inclined to favor one party in a cause, or one side of a question, more then the other; baised; not indifferent; <as>as, a judge should not be <ex>partial</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Ye have been <b>partial</b> in the law.
<i>Mal. ii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having a predelection for; inclined to favor unreasonably; foolishly fond.</def> "A <i>partial</i> parent."

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>Not <b>partial</b> to an ostentatious display.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a subordinate portion; <as>as, a compound umbel is made up of a several <ex>partial</ex> umbels; a leaflet is often supported by a <ex>partial</ex> petiole.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Partial differentials</col>, <col>Partial differential coefficients</col>, <col>Partial differentiation</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. (of a function of two or more variables), the differentials, differential coefficients, differentiation etc., of the function, upon the hypothesis that some of the variables are for the time constant.</cd> -- <col>Partial fractions</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>fractions whose sum equals a given fraction.</cd> -- <col>Partial tones</col> <fld>(Music)</fld>, <cd>the simple tones which in combination form an ordinary tone; the overtones, or harmonics, which, blending with a fundamental tone, cause its special quality of sound, or <i>timbre<i>, or tone color. See, also, <er>Tone</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Partialism</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par"tial*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Partiality; specifically <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, the doctrine of the Partialists.</def>

<h1>Partialist</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par"tial*ist</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is partial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>One who holds that the atonement was made only for a part of mankind, that is, for the elect.</def>

<h1>Partiality</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par`ti*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>partialit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being partial; inclination to favor one party, or one side of a question, more than the other; undue bias of mind.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A predilection or inclination to one thing rather than to others; special taste or liking; <as>as, a <ex>partiality</ex> for poetry or painting</as>.</def>

<i>Roget.</i>

<h1>Partialize</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par"tial*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To make or be partial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Partially</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par"tial*ly</hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In part; not totally; <as>as, <ex>partially</ex> true; the sun <ex>partially</ex> eclipsed.</as></def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a partial manner; with undue bias of mind; with unjust favor or dislike; <as>as, to judge <ex>partially</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Partibility</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Part`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Partible</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being partible; divisibility; separability; <as>as, the <ex>partibility</ex> of an inherttance</as>.</def>

<h1>Partible</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Part"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>partibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>partire</ets> to part, divide, fr. L. <ets>pars</ets>: cf. F. <ets>partible</ets>. See <er>Part</er>.]</ety> <def>Admitting of being parted; divisible; separable; susceptible of severance or partition; <as>as, an estate of inheritance may be <ex>partible</ex></as>.</def> "Make the molds <i>partible</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Participable</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par*tic"i*pa*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being participated or shared.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Norris.</i>

<h1>Participant</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par*tic"i*pant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>participans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>participare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>participant</ets>. See <er>Participate</er>.]</ety> <def>Sharing; participating; having a share of part.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Participant</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par*tic"i*pant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A participator; a partaker.</def>

<blockquote><b>Participants</b> in their . . . mysterious rites.
<i>Bp. Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Participantly</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par*tic"i*pant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a participant manner.</def>

<h1>Participate</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par*tic"i*pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>participatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>participare</ets> to participate; <ets>pars</ets>, <ets>partis</ets>, part + <ets>capere</ets> to take. See <er>Part</er>, and <er>Capacious</er>.]</ety> <def>Acting in common; participating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Participate</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par*tic"i*pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Participated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Participating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Tj have a share in common with others; to take a part; to partake; -- followed by <i>in</i>, formely by <i>of</i>; <as>as, to <ex>participate</ex> in a debate</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>So would he <b>participate</b>of their wants.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Mine may come when men
With angels may <b>participate</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Participate</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par*tic"i*pate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To partake of; to share in; to receive a part of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Fit to <b>participate</b> all rational delight.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To impart, or give, or share of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Participation</h1>
<Xpage=1046>

<hw>Par*tic`i*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>participation</ets>, L. <ets>participatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of participating, or sharing in common with others; <as>as, a <ex>participation</ex> in joy or sorrows</as>.</def>

<blockquote>These deities are so by <b>participation</b>.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What an honor, that God should admit us into such a blessed <b>participation</b> of himself!
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Distribution; division into shares.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Raleigh.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>community; fellowship; association.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Participative</h1>
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<hw>Par*tic"i*pa*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>participatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of participating.</def>

<h1>Participator</h1>
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<hw>Par*tic"i*pa`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who participates, or shares with another; a partaker.</def>

<h1>Participial</h1>
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<hw>Par`ti*cip"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>participialis</ets>: cf. E. <ets>participal</ets>. See <er>Participle</er>.]</ety> <def>Having, or partaking of, the nature and use of a participle; formed from a participle; <as>as, a <ex>participial</ex> noun</as>.</def>

<i>Lowth.</i>

<h1>Participial</h1>
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<hw>Par`ti*cip"i*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A participial word.</def>

<h1>Participialize</h1>
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<hw>Par`ti*cip"i*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p</tt> <er>Participialized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Participializing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To form into, or put in the form of, a participle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Participially</h1>
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<hw>Par`ti*cip"i*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the sense or manner of a participle.</def>

<h1>Participle</h1>
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<hw>Par"ti*ci*ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>participe</ets>, L. <ets>participium</ets>, fr. <ets>particeps</ets> sharing, participant; <ets>pars</ets>, gen. partis, a part + <ets>capere</ets> to take. See <er>Participate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A part of speech partaking of the nature both verb and adjective; a form of a verb, or verbal adjective, modifying a noun, but taking the adjuncts of the verb from which it is derived. In the sentences: a letter is <i>written</i>; <i>being</i> asleep he did not hear; <i>exhausted</i> by toil he will sleep soundly, -- <i>written</i>, <i>being</i>, and <i>exhausted</i>are <i>participles</i>.</def>

<blockquote>By a <b>participle</b>, [I understand] a verb in an adjectival aspect.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Present participles</i>, called also <i>imperfect</i>, or <i>incomplete</i>, <i>participles</i>, end in <i>-ing</i>. <i>Past participles</i>, called also <i>perfect</i>, or <i>complete</i>, <i>participles</i>, for the most part end in <i>-ed</i>, <i>-d</i>, <i>-t</i>, <i>-en</i>, or <i>-n</i>. A participle when used merely as an attribute of a noun, without reference to time, is called an <i>adjective</i>, or a <i>participial adjective</i>; as, a <i>written</i> constitution; a <i>rolling</i> stone; the <i>exhausted</i> army. The verbal noun in <i>-ing</i> has the form of the present participle. See <cref>Verbal noun</cref>, under <er>Verbal</er>, <tt>a.</tt></note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything that partakes of the nature of different things.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>participles</b> or confines between plants and living creatures.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Particle</h1>
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<hw>Par"ti*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>particula</ets>, dim of <ets>pars</ets>, gen <ets>partis</ets>, a part: cf. F. <ets>particule</ets>. See <er>Part</er>, and cf. <er>Parcel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A minute part or portion of matter; a morsel; a little bit; an atom; a jot; <as>as, a <ex>particle</ex> of sand, of wood, of dust</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The small size of atoms which unite
To make the smallest <b>particle</b> of light.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any very small portion or part; the smallest portion; <as>as, he has not a <ex>particle</ex> of patriotism or virtue</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The houses had not given their commissioners authority in the least <b>particle</b> to recede.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A crumb or little piece of concecrated host.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The smaller hosts distributed in the communion of the laity.</def>

<i>Bp. Fitzpatrick.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A subordinate word that is never inflected (a preposition, conjunction, interjection); or a word that can not be used except in compositions; <as>as, <ex>ward</ex> in back<ex>ward</ex>, <ex>ly</ex> in love<ex>ly</ex></as>.</def>

<-- elementary particle (Physics) -->

<h1>Particolored</h1>
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<hw>Par"ti*col`ored</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Party-colored</er>.</def>

<h1>Particular</h1>
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<hw>Par*tic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>particuler</ets>, F. <ets>particulier</ets>, L. <ets>particularis</ets>. See <er>Particle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to a part or portion of anything; concerning a part separated from the whole or from others of the class; separate; sole; single; individual; specific; <as>as, the <ex>particular</ex> stars of a constellation</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>[/Make] each <b>particular</b> hair to stand an end,
Like quills upon the fretful porpentine.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Seken in every halk and every herne
<b>Particular</b> sciences for to lerne.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a single person, class, or thing; belonging to one only; not general; not common; hence, personal; peculiar; singular.</def> "Thine own <i>particular</i> wrongs."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Wheresoever one plant draweth such a <b>particular</b> juice out of the earth.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Separate or distinct by reason of superiority; distinguished; important; noteworthy; unusual; special; <as>as, he brought no <ex>particular</ex> news; she was the <ex>particular</ex> belle of the party.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; circumstantial; precise; <as>as, a full and <ex>particular</ex> account of an accident</as>; hence, nice; fastidious; <as>as, a man <ex>particular</ex> in his dress</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Containing a part only; limited; <as>as, a <ex>particular</ex> estate, or one precedent to an estate in remainder</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Holding a particular estate; <as>as, a <ex>particular</ex> tenant</as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Forming a part of a genus; relatively limited in extension; affirmed or denied of a part of a subject; <as>as, a <ex>particular</ex> proposition; -- opposed to <contr>universal</contr>: e. g. (<ex>particular</ex> affirmative) Some men are wise; (<ex>particular</ex> negative) Some men are not wise.</as></def>

<cs><col>Particular average</col>. <cd>See under <er>Average</er>.</cd> -- <col>Particular Baptist</col>, <cd>one of a branch of the Baptist denomination the members of which hold the doctrine of a particular or individual election and reprobation.</cd> -- <col>Particular lien</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a lien, or a right to retain a thing, for some charge or claim growing out of, or connected with, that particular thing.</cd> -- <col>Particular redemption</col>, <cd>the doctrine that the purpose, act, and provisions of redemption are restricted to a limited number of the human race. See <er>Calvinism</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Minute; individual; respective; appropriate; peculiar; especial; exact; specific; precise; critical; circumstantial. See <er>Minute</er>.</syn>

<h1>Particular</h1>
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<hw>Par*tic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A separate or distinct member of a class, or part of a whole; an individual fact, point, circumstance, detail, or item, which may be considered separately; <as>as, the <ex>particulars</ex> of a story</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Particulars</b> which it is not lawful for me to reveal.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is the greatest interest of <b>particulars</b> to advance the good of the community.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Special or personal peculiarity, trait, or character; individuality; interest, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For his <b>particular</b> I'll receive him gladly.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If the <b>particulars</b> of each person be considered.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Temporal blessings, whether such as concern the public . . . or such as concern our <b>particular</b>.
<i>Whole Duty of Man.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One of the details or items of grounds of claim; -- usually in the <i>pl</i>.; also, a bill of particulars; a minute account; <as>as, a <ex>particular</ex> of premises</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The reader has a <b>particular</b> of the books wherein this law was written.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Bill of particulars</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bill</er>. -- <col>In particular</col>, specially; peculiarly.</cd> "This, <i>in particular<i>, happens to the lungs." <i>Blackmore</i>. -- <col>To go into particulars</col>, <cd>to relate or describe in detail or minutely.</cd></cs>

<h1>Particularism</h1>
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<hw>Par*tic"u*lar*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>particularisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A minute description; a detailed statement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The doctrine of particular election.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(German Politics)</fld> <def>Devotion to the interests of one's own kingdom or province rather than to those of the empire.</def>

<h1>Particularist</h1>
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<hw>Par*tic"u*lar*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>particulariste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who holds to particularism.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Par*tic`u*lar*is"tic</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Particularity</h1>
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<hw>Par*tic`u*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Particularities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>particularit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being particular; distinctiveness; circumstantiality; minuteness in detail.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is particular</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Peculiar quality; individual characteristic; peculiarity</def>. "An old heathen altar with this <i>particularity</i>." <i>Addison</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Special circumstance; minute detail; particular</def>. "Even descending to <i>particularities</i>." <i>Sir P. Sidney</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Something of special or private concern or interest.</def>

<blockquote>Let the general trumpet blow his blast,
<b>Particularities</b> and petty sounds
To cease!
<i>Shak</i></blockquote>.

<h1>Particularization</h1>
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<hw>Par*tic`u*lar*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of particularizing.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Particularize</h1>
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<hw>Par*tic"u*lar*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Particularized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Particularizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>particulariser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To give as a particular, or as the particulars; to mention particularly; to give the particulars of; to enumerate or specify in detail.</def>

<blockquote>He not only boasts of his parentage as an Israelite, but <b>particularizes</b> his descent from Benjamin.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Particularize</h1>
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<hw>Par*tic"u*lar*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To mention or attend to particulars; to give minute details; to be circumstantial; <as>as, to <ex>particularize</ex> in a narrative</as>.</def>

<h1>Particularly</h1>
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<hw>Par*tic"u*lar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a particular manner; expressly; with a specific reference or interest; in particular; distinctly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In an especial manner; in a high degree; <as>as, a <ex>particularly</ex> fortunate man; a <ex>particularly</ex> bad failure.</as></def>

<blockquote>The exact propriety of Virgil I <b>particularly</b> regarded as a great part of his character.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Particularment</h1>
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<hw>Par*tic"u*lar*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A particular; a detail.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Particulate</h1>
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<hw>Par*tic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Particle</er>.]</ety> <def>To particularize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Particulate</h1>
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<hw>Par*tic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the form of a particle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Referring to, or produced by, particles, such as dust, minute germs, etc.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The smallpox is a <b>particulate</b> disease.
<i>Tyndall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Parting</h1>
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<hw>Par"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Part</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Serving to part; dividing; separating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Given when departing; <as>as, a <ex>parting</ex> shot; a <ex>parting</ex> salute.</as></def> "Give him that <i>parting</i> kiss."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Departing.</def> "Speed the <i>parting</i> guest."

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Admitting of being parted; partible.</def>

<cs><col>Parting fellow</col>, <cd>a partner. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>Parting pulley</col>. <cd>See under <er>Pulley</er>.</cd> -- <col>Parting sand</col> <fld>(Founding)</fld>, <cd>dry, nonadhesive sand, sprinkled upon the partings of a mold to facilitate the separation.</cd> -- <col>Parting strip</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>in a sash window, one of the thin strips of wood let into the pulley stile to keep the sashes apart; also, the thin piece inserted in the window box to separate the weights.</cd> -- <col>Parting tool</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a thin tool, used in turning or planing, for cutting a piece in two.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="1047">
Page 1047<p>

<h1>Parting</h1>
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<hw>Par"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted; division; separation.</def> "The <i>parting</i> of the way."

<i>Ezek. xxi. 21.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A separation; a leave-taking.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>And there were sudden <b>partings</b>, such as press
The life from out young hearts.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A surface or line of separation where a division occurs.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>The surface of the sand of one section of a mold where it meets that of another section.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The separation and determination of alloys; esp., the separation, as by acids, of gold from silver in the assay button.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A joint or fissure, as in a coal seam.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The breaking, as of a cable, by violence.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Lamellar separation in a crystallized mineral, due to some other cause than cleavage, as to the presence of twinning lamell\'91.</def>

<h1>Partisan</h1>
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<hw>Par"ti*san</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>partigiano</ets>. See <er>Party</er>, and cf. <er>Partisan</er> a truncheon.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>partizan</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An adherent to a party or faction; esp., one who is strongly and passionately devoted to a party or an interest.</def> "The violence of a <i>partisan</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>Both sides had their <b>partisans</b> in the colony.
<i>Jefferson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The commander of a body of detached light troops engaged in making forays and harassing an enemy.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any member of such a corps.</def>

<h1>Partisan</h1>
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<hw>Par"ti*san</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>partizan</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Adherent to a party or faction; especially, having the character of blind, passionate, or unreasonable adherence to a party; <as>as, blinded by <ex>partisan</ex> zeal</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Serving as a partisan in a detached command; <as>as, a <ex>partisan</ex> officer or corps</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Partisan ranger</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a member of a partisan corps.</cd></cs>

<h1>Partisan</h1>
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<hw>Par"ti*san</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pertuisane</ets>, prob. fr. It. <ets>partigiana</ets>, influenced in French by OF. <ets>pertuisier</ets> to pierce. It was prob. so named as the weapon of some <ets>partisans</ets>, or party men. Cf. <er>Partisan</er> one of a corps of light troops.]</ety> <def>A kind of halberd or pike; also, a truncheon; a staff.</def>

<blockquote>And make him with our pikes and <b>partisans</b> a grave.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Partisanship</h1>
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<hw>Par"ti*san*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a partisan, or adherent to a party; feelings or conduct appropriate to a partisan.</def>

<h1>Partita</h1>
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<hw>Par*ti"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A suite; a set of variations.</def>

<h1>Partite</h1>
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<hw>Par"tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>partitus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>partire</ets> to part, divide, from <ets>pars</ets>. See <er>Part</er>, and cf. <er>Party</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Divided nearly to the base; <as>as, a <ex>partite</ex> leaf is a simple separated down nearly to the base</as>.</def>

<h1>Partition</h1>
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<hw>Par*ti"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>partition</ets>, L. <ets>partitio</ets>. See <er>Part</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted; separation; division; distribution; <as>as, the <ex>partition</ex> of a kingdom</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And good from bad find no <b>partition</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which divides or separates; that by which different things, or distinct parts of the same thing, are separated; separating boundary; dividing line or space; specifically, an interior wall dividing one part or apartment of a house, an inclosure, or the like, from another; <as>as, a brick <ex>partition</ex>; lath and plaster <ex>partitions</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>No sight could pass
Betwixt the nice <b>partitions</b> of the grass.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A part divided off by walls; an apartment; a compartment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Lodged in a small <i>partition</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law.)</fld> <def>The servance of common or undivided interests, particularly in real estate. It may be effected by consent of parties, or by compulsion of law.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A score.</def>

<cs><col>Partition of numbers</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the resolution of integers into parts subject to given conditions.</cd></cs>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Partition</h1>
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<hw>Par*ti"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Partitioned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Partitioning</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To divide into parts or shares; to divide and distribute; <as>as, to <ex>partition</ex> an estate among various heirs</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To divide into distinct parts by lines, walls, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>partition</ex> a house</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Uniform without, though severally <b>partitioned</b> within.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Partitionment</h1>
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<hw>Par*ti"tion*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of partitioning.</def>

<h1>Partitive</h1>
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<hw>Par"ti*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>partitif</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Denoting a part; <as>as, a <ex>partitive</ex> genitive</as>.</def>

<h1>Partitive</h1>
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<hw>Par"ti*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word expressing partition, or denoting a part.</def>

<h1>Partitively</h1>
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<hw>Par"ti*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a partitive manner.</def>

<h1>Partlet</h1>
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<hw>Part"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>part</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A covering for the neck, and sometimes for the shoulders and breast; originally worn by both sexes, but laterby women alone; a ruff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hen; -- so called from the ruffing of her neck feathers.</def> "Dame <i>Partlett</i>, the hen."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Partly</h1>
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<hw>Part"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In part; in some measure of degree; not wholly.</def> "I <i>partly</i> believe it."

<i>1 Cor. xi. 18.</i>

<h1>Partner</h1>
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<hw>Part"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>parcener</ets>, influenced by <ets>part</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who has a part in anything with an other; a partaker; an associate; a sharer. "<i>Partner</i> of his fortune." <i>Shak.</i> Hence: <sd>(a)</sd> A husband or a wife. <sd>(b)</sd> Either one of a couple who dance together. <sd>(c)</sd> One who shares as a member of a partnership in the management, or in the gains and losses, of a business.</def>

<blockquote>My other self, the <b>partner</b> of my life.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An associate in any business or occupation; a member of a partnership. See <er>Partnership</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A framework of heavy timber surrounding an opening in a deck, to strengthen it for the support of a mast, pump, capstan, or the like.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Dormant</col>, &or; <col>Silent</col>, <col>partner</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Dormant</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Associate; colleague; coadjutor; confederate; partaker; participator; companion; comrade; mate.</syn>

<h1>Partner</h1>
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<hw>Part"ner</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To associate, to join.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Partnership</h1>
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<hw>Part"ner*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or condition of being a partner; <as>as, to be in <ex>partnership</ex> with another; to have <ex>partnership</ex> in the fortunes of a family or a state.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A division or sharing among partners; joint possession or interest.</def>

<blockquote>Rome, that ne'er knew three lordly heads before,
First fell by fatal <b>partnership</b> of power.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He does possession keep,
And is too wise to hazard <b>partnership</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An alliance or association of persons for the prosecution of an undertaking or a business on joint account; a company; a firm; a house; <as>as, to form a <ex>partnership</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A contract between two or more competent persons for joining together their money, goods, labor, and skill, or any or all of them, under an understanding that there shall be a communion of profit between them, and for the purpose of carrying on a legal trade, business, or adventure.</def>

<i>Kent. Story.</i>

<note>&hand; Community of profit is absolutely essential to, though not necessary the test of, a partnership.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>See <er>Fellowship</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 6.</def>

<cs><col>Limited partnership</col>, <cd>a form of partnership in which the firm consists of one or more general partners, jointly and severally responsible as ordinary partners, and one or more special partners, who are not liable for the debts of the partnership beyond the amount of cash they contribute as capital.</cd> -- <col>Partnership in commendam</col>, <cd>the title given to the limited partnership (F. <i>soci\'82t\'82 en commandit\'82<i>) of the French law, introduced into the code of Louisiana. <i>Burrill</i>.</cd> -- <col>Silent partnership</col>, <cd>the relation of partnership sustained by a person who furnishes capital only.</cd></cs>

<h1>Partook</h1>
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<hw>Par*took"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Partake</er>.</def>

<h1>Partridge</h1>
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<hw>Par"tridge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>partriche</ets>, <ets>pertriche</ets>, OF. <ets>pertris</ets>, <ets>perdriz</ets>, F. <ets>perdrix</ets>, L. <ets>perdix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any one of numerous species of small gallinaceous birds of the genus <spn>Perdix</spn> and several related genera of the family <spn>Perdicid\'91</spn>, of the Old World. The partridge is noted as a game bird.</def>

<blockquote>Full many a fat <b>partrich</b> had he in mew.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The common European, or gray, partridge (<spn>Perdix cinerea</spn>) and the red-legged partridge (<spn>Caccabis rubra</spn>) of Southern Europe and Asia are well-known species.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any one of several species of quail-like birds belonging to <spn>Colinus</spn>, and allied genera.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<note>&hand; Among them are the bobwhite (<spn>Colinus Virginianus</spn>) of the Eastern States; the plumed, or mountain, partridge (<spn>Oreortyx pictus</spn>) of California; the Massena partridge (<spn>Cyrtonyx Montezum\'91</spn>); and the California partridge (<spn>Callipepla Californica</spn>).</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The ruffed grouse (<spn>Bonasa umbellus</spn>).</def> <mark>[New Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>Bamboo partridge</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a spurred partridge of the genus <spn>Bambusicola</spn>. Several species are found in China and the East Indies.</cd> -- <col>Night partridge</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the woodcock.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Painted partridge</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a francolin of South Africa (<spn>Francolinus pictus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Partridge berry</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The scarlet berry of a trailing american plant (<spn>Mitchella repens</spn>) of the order <spn>Rubiace\'91</spn>, having roundish evergreen leaves, and white fragrant flowers sometimes tinged with purple, growing in pairs with the ovaries united, and producing the berries which remain over winter; also, the plant itself</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The fruit of the creeping wintergreen (<spn>Gaultheria procumbens</spn>); also, the plant itself.</cd> -- <col>Partridge dove</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Mountain witch</cref>, under <er>Mountain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Partridge pea</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a yellow-flowered leguminous herb (<spn>Cassia Cham\'91crista</spn>), common in sandy fields in the Eastern United States.</cd> -- <col>Partridge shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large marine univalve shell (<spn>Dolium perdix</spn>), having colors variegated like those of the partridge.</cd> -- <col>Partridge wood</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A variegated wood, much esteemed for cabinetwork. It is obtained from tropical America, and one source of it is said to be the leguminous tree <spn>Andira inermis</spn>.</cd> Called also <altname>pheasant wood</altname>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A name sometimes given to the dark-colored and striated wood of some kind of palm, which is used for walking sticks and umbrella handles.</cd> -- <col>Sea partridge</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Asiatic sand partridge (<spn>Ammoperdix Bonhami</spn>); -- so called from its note.</cd> -- <col>Snow partridge</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large spurred partridge (<spn>Lerwa nivicola</spn>) which inhabits the high mountains of Asia.</cd> -- <col>Spruce partridge</col>. <cd>See under <er>Spruce</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Wood partridge</col>, &or; <col>Hill partridge</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any small Asiatic partridge of the genus <spn>Arboricola</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Parture</h1>
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<hw>Par"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Departure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Parturiate</h1>
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<hw>Par*tu"ri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Parturient</er>.]</ety> <def>To bring forth young.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Parturiency</h1>
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<hw>Par*tu"ri*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Parturition.</def>

<h1>Parturient</h1>
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<hw>Par*tu"ri*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parturiens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>parturire</ets> to desire to bring forth, fr. <ets>parere</ets>, <ets>partum</ets>, to bring forth. See <er>Parent</er>.]</ety> <def>Bringing forth, or about to bring forth, young; fruitful.</def>

<i>Jer. Tailor.</i>

<h1>Parturifacient</h1>
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<hw>Par*tu`ri*fa"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parturire</ets> to desire to bring forth + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine tending to cause parturition, or to give relief in childbearing.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Parturious</h1>
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<hw>Par*tu"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Parturient.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Parturition</h1>
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<hw>Par`tu*ri"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parturitio</ets>, fr. <ets>parturire</ets>: cf. F. <ets>parturition</ets>. See <er>Parturient</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of bringing forth, or being delivered of, young; the act of giving birth; delivery; childbirth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is brought forth; a birth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Parturitive</h1>
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<hw>Par*tu"ri*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to parturition; obstetric.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Party</h1>
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<hw>Par"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Parties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>parti</ets> and <ets>partie</ets>, fr. F. <ets>partir</ets> to part, divide, L. <ets>partire</ets>, <ets>partiri</ets>. See <er>Part</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A part or portion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The most <i>party</i> of the time."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A number of persons united in opinion or action, as distinguished from, or opposed to, the rest of a community or association; esp., one of the parts into which a people is divided on questions of public policy.</def>

<blockquote>Win the noble Brutus to our <b>party</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The peace both <b>parties</b> want is like to last.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A part of a larger body of company; a detachment; especially <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, a small body of troops dispatched on special service.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A number of persons invited to a social entertainment; a select company; <as>as, a dinner <ex>party</ex></as>; also, the entertainment itself; <as>as, to give a <ex>party</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>One concerned or interested in an affair; one who takes part with others; a participator; <as>as, he was a <ex>party</ex> to the plot; a <ex>party</ex> to the contract.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The plaintiff or the defendant in a lawsuit, whether an individual, a firm, or corporation; a litigant.</def>

<blockquote>The cause of both <b>parties</b> shall come before the judges.
<i>Ex. xxii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Hence, any certain person who is regarded as being opposed or antagonistic to another.</def>

<blockquote>It the jury found that the <b>party</b> slain was of English race, it had been adjudged felony.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Cause; side; interest.</def>

<blockquote>Have you nothing said
Upon this <b>Party</b> 'gainst the Duke of Albany?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A person; <as>as, he is a queer <ex>party</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Now accounted a vulgarism.]</mark>

<note>
"For several generations, our ancestors largely employed <i>party</i> for <i>person</i>; but this use of the word, when it appeared to be reviving, happened to strike, more particularly, the fancy of the vulgar; and the consequence has been, that the polite have chosen to leave it in their undisputed possession."
<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i></note>

<cs><col>Party jury</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a jury composed of different parties, as one which is half natives and half foreigners.</cd> -- <col>Party man</col>, <cd>a partisan. <i>Swift</i>.</cd> -- <col>Party spirit</col>, <cd>a factious and unreasonable temper, not uncommonly shown by party men. <i>Whately</i>.</cd> -- <col>Party verdict</col>, <cd>a joint verdict. <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Party wall</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>A wall built upon the dividing line between two adjoining properties, usually having half its thickness on each property</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>A wall that separates adjoining houses, as in a block or row.</cd></cs>

<h1>Party</h1>
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<hw>Par"ty</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>parti</ets> divided, fr. <ets>partir</ets> to divide. See <er>Part</er>, <tt>v.</tt>, and cf. <er>Partite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Parted or divided, as in the direction or form of one of the ordinaries; <as>as, an escutcheon <ex>party</ex> per pale</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Partial; favoring one party.</def><-- partisan -->

<blockquote>I will be true judge, and not <b>party</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Charter party</col>. <cd>See under <er>Charter</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Party</h1>
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<hw>Par"ty</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Partly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Party-coated</h1>
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<hw>Par"ty-coat`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a motley coat, or coat of divers colors.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Party-colored, Parti-colored</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par"ty-col`ored</hw>, <hw>Par"ti-col`ored</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Colored with different tints; variegated; <as>as, a <ex>party-colored</ex> flower</as>.</def> "<i>Parti-colored</i> lambs."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Partyism</h1>
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<hw>Par"ty*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Devotion to party.</def>

<h1>Parumbilical</h1>
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<hw>Par`um*bil"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>para-</ets> + <ets>umbilical</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Near the umbilicus; -- applied especially to one or more small veins which, in man, connect the portal vein with the epigastric veins in the front wall of the abdomen.</def>

<h1>Parusia</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ru"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ presence, fr. <?/ to be present; <?/ beside + <?/ to be.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech by which the present tense is used instead of the past or the future, as in the animated narration of past, or in the prediction of future, events.</def>

<h1>Parvanimity</h1>
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<hw>Par`va*nim"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parvus</ets> little + <ets>animus</ets> mind.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of having a little or ignoble mind; pettiness; meanness; -- opposed to <i>magnanimity</i>.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Parvenu</h1>
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<hw>Par"ve*nu`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., prop. p.p. of <ets>parvenir</ets> to attain to, to succeed, to rise to high station, L. <ets>pervenire</ets> to come to; <ets>per</ets> through + <ets>venire</ets> to come. See <er>Par</er>, prep., and <er>Come</er>.]</ety> <def>An upstart; a man newly risen into notice.</def>

<h1>Parvis, Parvise</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par"vis</hw>, <hw>Par"vise</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>parvis</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>paravisus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>paradisus</ets>. See <er>Paradise</er>.]</ety> <def>a court of entrance to, or an inclosed space before, a church; hence, a church porch; -- sometimes formerly used as place of meeting, as for lawyers.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Parvitude, Parvity</h1>
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<hw><hw>Par"vi*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Par"vi*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>parvitas</ets>, fr. <ets>parvus</ets> little: cf. OF. <ets>parvit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Littleness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill. Ray.</i>

<h1>Parvolin</h1>
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<hw>Par"vo*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A nonoxygenous ptomaine, formed in the putrefaction of albuminous matters, especially of horseflesh and mackerel.</def>

<h1>Parvoline</h1>
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<hw>Par"vo*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid base, C<?/H<?/N, of the pyridine group, found in coal tar; also, any one of the series of isometric substances of which it is the type.</def>

<h1>Pas</h1>
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<hw>Pas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Pace</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pace; a step, as in a dance.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Right of going foremost; precedence.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Pasan</h1>
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<hw>Pa"san</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The gemsbok.</def>

<h1>Pasch, Pascha</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pasch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pas"cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>pascha</ets>, L. <ets>pascha</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. Heb. <ets>pesach</ets>, fr. <ets>p\'besach</ets> to pass over: cf. OF. <ets>pasque</ets>, F. <ets>p\'83que</ets>. Cf. <er>Paschal</er>, <er>Paas</er>, <er>Paque</er>.]</ety> <def>The passover; the feast of Easter.</def>

<cs><col>Pasch egg</col>. <cd>See <cref>Easter egg</cref>, under <er>Easter</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pasch flower</col>. <cd>See <cref>Pasque flower</cref>, under <er>Pasque</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Paschal</h1>
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<hw>Pas"chal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paschalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pascal</ets>. See <er>Pasch</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the passover, or to Easter; <as>as, a <ex>paschal</ex> lamb; <ex>paschal</ex> eggs.</as></def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<cs><col>Paschal candle</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>a large wax candle, blessed and placed on the altar on Holy Saturday, or the day before Easter.</cd> -- <col>Paschal flower</col>. See <cref>Pasque flower</cref>, under <er>Pasque</er>.</cs>

<hr>
<page="1048">
Page 1048<p>

<h1>Paseng</h1>
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<hw>Pa*seng"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wild or bezoar goat. See <er>Goat</er>.</def>

<h1>Pash</h1>
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<hw>Pash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Prob. of imitative origin, or possibly akin to <ets>box</ets> to fight with the fists.]</ety> <def>To strike; to crush; to smash; to dash in pieces.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>P. Plowman.</i> "I'll <i>pash</i> him o'er the face."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pash</h1>
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<hw>Pash</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot., the pate. Cf. <er>Pash</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The head; the poll.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A rough <i>pash</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A crushing blow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A heavy fall of rain or snow.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Pasha</h1>
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<hw>Pa*sha"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Turk. <ets>p\'besh\'be</ets>, <ets>b\'besh\'be</ets>; cf. Per. <ets>b\'besh\'be</ets>, <ets>b\'bedsh\'beh</ets>; perh. a corruption of Per. <ets>p\'bedish\'beh</ets>. Cf. <er>Bashaw</er>, <er>Padishah</er>, <er>Shah</er>.]</ety> <def>An honorary title given to officers of high rank in Turkey, as to governers of provinces, military commanders, etc. The earlier form was <altname>bashaw</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pacha</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; There are three classes of pashas, whose rank is distinguished by the number of the horsetails borne on their standards, being one, two, or three, a <i>pasha</i> of three tails being the highest.</note>

<h1>Pashalic</h1>
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<hw>Pa*sha"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pachalic</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Turk.]</ety> <def>The jurisdiction of a pasha.</def>

<h1>Pashaw</h1>
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<hw>Pa*shaw"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pasha</er>.</def>

<h1>Pasigraphic, Pasigraphical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pas`i*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pas`i*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to pasigraphy.</def>

<h1>Pasigraphy</h1>
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<hw>Pa*sig"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ for all (dat. pl. of <?/ all) + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A system of universal writing, or a manner of writing that may be understood and used by all nations.</def>

<i>Good.</i>

<h1>Pasilaly</h1>
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<hw>Pas"i*la`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ for all (dat. pl. of <?/ all) + <?/ talking.]</ety> <def>A form of speech adapted to be used by all mankind; universal language.</def>

<h1>Pask</h1>
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<hw>Pask</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pasque</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Pasch</er>.</def>

<h1>Paspy</h1>
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<hw>Pas"py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>passe-pied</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of minuet, in triple time, of French origin, popular in the reign of Queen Elizabeth and for some time after; -- called also <altname>passing measure</altname>, and <altname>passymeasure</altname>.</def>

<i>Percy Smith.</i>

<h1>Pasque</h1>
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<hw>Pasque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pasque</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Pasch</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Pasque flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name of several plants of the genus <spn>Anemone</spn>, section <spn>Pulsatilla</spn>. They are perennial herbs with rather large purplish blossoms, which appear in early spring, or about Easter, whence the common name. Called also <altname>campana</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pasquil</h1>
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<hw>Pas"quil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>pasquillo</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Pasquin</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pasquil</h1>
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<hw>Pas"quil</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark> <def>See <er>Pasquin</er>.</def>

<h1>Pasquilant</h1>
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<hw>Pas"quil*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lampooner; a pasquiler.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Pasquiler</h1>
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<hw>Pas"quil*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lampooner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Pasquin</h1>
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<hw>Pas"quin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>pasquino</ets> a mutilated statue at Rome, set up against the wall of the place of the Orsini; -- so called from a witty cobbler or tailor, near whose shop the statue was dug up. On this statue it was customary to paste satiric papers.]</ety> <def>A lampooner; also, a lampoon. See <er>Pasquinade</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The Grecian wits, who satire first began,
Were pleasant <b>pasquins</b> on the life of man.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pasquin</h1>
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<hw>Pas"quin</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lampoon; to satiraze.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To see himself <b>pasquined</b> and affronted.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pasquinade</h1>
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<hw>Pas`quin*ade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pasquinade</ets>, It. <ets>pasquinata</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lampoon or satirical writing.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Pasquinade</h1>
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<hw>Pas`quin*ade"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lampoon, to satirize.</def>

<h1>Pass</h1>
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<hw>Pass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Passed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Passing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>passer</ets>, LL. <ets>passare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>passus</ets> step, or from <ets>pandere</ets>, <ets>passum</ets>, to spread out, lay open. See <er>Pace</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go; to move; to proceed; to be moved or transferred from one point to another; to make a transit; -- usually with a following adverb or adverbal phrase defining the kind or manner of motion; <as>as, to <ex>pass</ex> on, by, out, in, etc.; to <ex>pass</ex> swiftly, directly, smoothly, etc.; to <ex>pass</ex> to the rear, under the yoke, over the bridge, across the field, beyond the border, etc.</as></def>  "But now <i>pass</i> over [i.e., <i>pass</i> on]."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>On high behests his angels to and fro
<b>Passed</b> frequent.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths,
And from their bodies <b>passed</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move or be transferred from one state or condition to another; to change possession, condition, or circumstances; to undergo transition; <as>as, the business has <ex>passed</ex> into other hands</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Others, dissatisfied with what they have, . . . <b>pass</b> from just to unjust.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To move beyond the range of the senses or of knowledge; to pass away; hence, to disappear; to vanish; to depart; specifically, to depart from life; to die.</def>

<blockquote>Disturb him not, let him <b>pass</b> paceably.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Beauty is a charm, but soon the charm will <b>pass</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>passing</b> of the sweetest soul
That ever looked with human eyes.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To move or to come into being or under notice; to come and go in consciousness; hence, to take place; to occur; to happen; to come; to occur progressively or in succession; to be present transitorly.</def>

<blockquote>So death <b>passed</b> upon all men.
<i>Rom. v. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our own consciousness of what <b>passes</b> within our own mind.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To go by or glide by, as time; to elapse; to be spent; <as>as, their vacation <ex>passed</ex> pleasantly</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Now the time is far <b>passed</b>.
<i>Mark vi. 35</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To go from one person to another; hence, to be given and taken freely; <as>as, clipped coin will not <ex>pass</ex></as>; to obtain general acceptance; to be held or regarded; to circulate; to be current; -- followed by <i>for</i> before a word denoting value or estimation.</def> "Let him <i>pass</i> for a man."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>False eloquence <b>passeth</b> only where true is not understood.
<i>Felton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This will not <b>pass</b> for a fault in him.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To advance through all the steps or stages necessary to validity or effectiveness; to be carried through a body that has power to sanction or reject; to receive legislative sanction; to be enacted; <as>as, the resolution <ex>passed</ex>; the bill <ex>passed</ex> both houses of Congress.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To go through any inspection or test successfully; to be approved or accepted; <as>as, he attempted the examination, but did not expect to <ex>pass</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To be suffered to go on; to be tolerated; hence, to continue; to live alogn.</def> "The play may <i>pass</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To go unheeded or neglected; to proceed without hindrance or opposition; <as>as, we let this act <ex>pass</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>To go beyond bounds; to surpass; to be in excess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "This <i>passes</i>, Master Ford."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>To take heed; to care.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>As for these silken-coated slaves, I <b>pass</b> not.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>To go through the intestines.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>14.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To be conveyed or transferred by will, deed, or other instrument of conveyance; <as>as, an estate <ex>passes</ex> by a certain clause in a deed</as>.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<p><b>15.</b> <fld>(Fencing)</fld> <def>To make a lunge or pass; to thrust.</def>

<p><b>16.</b> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>To decline to play in one's turn; in euchre, to decline to make the trump.</def>

<blockquote>She would not play, yet must not <b>pass</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To bring to pass</col>, <col>To come to pass</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Bring</er>, and <er>Come</er>.</cd> -- <col>To pass away</col>, <cd>to disappear; to die; to vanish. "The heavens shall <i>pass away<i>." <i>2 Pet. iii. 10</i>. "I thought to <i>pass away<i> before, but yet alive I am." <i>Tennyson</i>.</cd> -- <col>To pass by</col>, <cd>to go near and beyond a certain person or place; as, he <i>passed by<i> as we stood there.</cd> -- <col>To pass into</col>, <cd>to change by a gradual transmission; to blend or unite with.</cd> -- <col>To pass on</col>, <cd>to proceed.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To pass on</col> &or; <col>upon</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To happen to; to come upon; to affect</cd>. "So death <i>passed upon<i> all men." <i>Rom. v. 12</i>. "Provided no indirect act <i>pass upon<i> our prayers to define them." <i>Jer. Taylor</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To determine concerning; to give judgment or sentence upon.</cd> "We may not <i>pass upon<i> his life." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To pass off</col>, <cd>to go away; to cease; to disappear; <as>as, an agitation <ex>passes off<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>To pass over</col>, <cd>to go from one side or end to the other; to cross, as a river, road, or bridge.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pass</h1>
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<hw>Pass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> In simple, transitive senses; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To go by, beyond, over, through, or the like; to proceed from one side to the other of; <as>as, to <ex>pass</ex> a house, a stream, a boundary, etc</as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> Hence: <def>To go from one limit to the other of; to spend; to live through; to have experience of; to undergo; to suffer</def>.</def> "To <i>pass</i> commodiously this life."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>She loved me for the dangers I had <b>passed</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To go by without noticing; to omit attention to; to take no note of; to disregard</def>.

<blockquote>Please you that I may <b>pass</b> This doing.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>pass</b> their warlike pomp, their proud array.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>To transcend; to surpass; to excel; to exceed</def>.

<blockquote>And strive to <b>pass</b> . . .
Their native music by her skillful art.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whose tender power
<b>Passes</b> the strength of storms in their most desolate hour.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>To go successfully through, as an examination, trail, test, etc.; to obtain the formal sanction of, as a legislative body; <as>as, he <ex>passed</ex> his examination; the bill <ex>passed</ex> the senate</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> In causative senses: as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To cause to move or go; to send; to transfer from one person, place, or condition to another; to transmit; to deliver; to hand; to make over; <as>as, the waiter <ex>passed</ex> bisquit and cheese; the torch was <ex>passed</ex> from hand to hand</as></def>.

<blockquote>I had only time to <b>pass</b> my eye over the medals.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Waller <b>passed</b> over five thousand horse and foot by Newbridge.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To cause to pass the lips; to utter; to pronounce; hence, to promise; to pledge; <as>as, to <ex>pass</ex> sentence</as></def>.

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Father, thy word is <b>passed</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To cause to advance by stages of progress; to carry on with success through an ordeal, examination, or action; specifically, to give legal or official sanction to; to ratify; to enact; to approve as valid and just; <as>as, he <ex>passed</ex> the bill through the committee; the senate <ex>passed</ex> the law</as></def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>To put in circulation; to give currency to; <as>as, to <ex>pass</ex> counterfeit money</as></def>. "<i>Pass</i> the happy news." <i>Tennyson</i>. <sd>(f)</sd> <def>To cause to obtain entrance, admission, or conveyance; <as>as, to <ex>pass</ex> a person into a theater, or over a railroad</as></def>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To emit from the bowels; to evacuate.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To take a turn with (a line, gasket, etc.), as around a sail in furling, and make secure.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Fencing)</fld> <def>To make, as a thrust, punto, etc.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Passed midshipman</col>. <cd>See under Midshipman.</cd> -- <col>To pass a dividend</col>, <cd>to omit the declaration and payment of a dividend at the time when due.</cd> -- <col>To pass away</col>, <cd>to spend; to waste. "Lest she <i>pass away<i> the flower of her age." <i>Ecclus. xlii. 9</i>.</cd><-- (b) to die --> -- <col>To pass by</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To disregard; to neglect</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To excuse; to spare; to overlook.</cd> -- <col>To pass off</col>, <cd>to impose fraudulently; to palm off. "<i>Passed<i> himself <i>off<i> as a bishop." <i>Macaulay</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To pass (something) on</col> &or; <col>upon (some one)</col></mcol>, <cd>to put upon as a trick or cheat; to palm off. "She <i>passed<i> the child <i>on<i> her husband for a boy." <i>Dryden</i>.</cd> -- <col>To pass over</col>, <cd>to overlook; not to note or resent; as, to <i>pass over<i> an affront.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pass</h1>
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<hw>Pass</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pas</ets> (for sense 1), and <ets>passe</ets>, fr. <ets>passer</ets> to pass. See <er>Pass</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An opening, road, or track, available for passing; especially, one through or over some dangerous or otherwise impracticable barrier; a passageway; a defile; a ford; <as>as, a mountain <ex>pass</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>"Try not the <b>pass</b>!" the old man said.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fencing)</fld> <def>A thrust or push; an attempt to stab or strike an adversary.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A movement of the hand over or along anything; the manipulation of a mesmerist.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Rolling Metals)</fld> <def>A single passage of a bar, rail, sheet, etc., between the rolls.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>State of things; condition; predicament.</def>

<blockquote>Have his daughters brought him to this <b>pass</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Matters have been brought to this <b>pass</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Permission or license to pass, or to go and come; a psssport; a ticket permitting free transit or admission; <as>as, a railroad or theater <ex>pass</ex>; a military <ex>pass</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>A ship sailing under the flag and <b>pass</b> of an enemy.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Fig.: a thrust; a sally of wit.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Estimation; character.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Common speech gives him a worthy <b>pass</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Passus</er>.]</ety> <def>A part; a division.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Pass boat</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a punt, or similar boat.</cd> -- <col>Pass book</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A book in which a trader enters articles bought on credit, and then passes or sends it to the purchaser</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See <er>Bank book</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pass box</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a wooden or metallic box, used to carry cartridges from the service magazine to the piece.</cd> -- <col>Pass check</col>, <cd>a ticket of admission to a place of entertainment, or of readmission for one who goes away in expectation of returning.</cd></cs>

<h1>Passable</h1>
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<hw>Pass"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>passable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being passed, traveled, navigated, traversed, penetrated, or the like; <as>as, the roads are not <ex>passable</ex>; the stream is <ex>passable</ex>in boats.</as></def>

<blockquote>His body's a <b>passable</b> carcass if it be not hurt; it is a throughfare for steel.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being freely circulated or disseminated; acceptable; generally receivable; current.</def>

<blockquote>With men as with false money -- one piece is more or less <b>passable</b> than another.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Could they have made this slander <b>passable</b>.
<i>Collier.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Such as may be allowed to pass without serious objection; tolerable; admissable; moderate; mediocre.</def>

<blockquote>My version will appear a <b>passable</b> beauty when the original muse is absent.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Passableness</h1>
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<hw>Pass"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being passable.</def>

<h1>Passably</h1>
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<hw>Pass"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Tolerably; moderately.</def>

<h1>Passacaglia, Passacaglio</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pas`sa*ca*glia</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pas`sa*ca*glio</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>pasacalle</ets> a certain tune on the guitar, prop., a tune played in passing through the streets.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An old Italian or Spanish dance tune, in slow three-four measure, with divisions on a ground bass, resembling a chaconne.</def>

<h1>Passade, Passado</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pas*sade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pas*sa"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>passade</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>pasada</ets>. See <er>Pass</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fencing)</fld> <def>A pass or thrust.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A turn or course of a horse backward or forward on the same spot of ground.</def>

<h1>Passage</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>passage</ets>. See <er>Pass</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of passing; transit from one place to another; movement from point to point; a going by, over, across, or through; <as>as, the <ex>passage</ex> of a man or a carriage; the <ex>passage</ex> of a ship or a bird; the <ex>passage</ex> of light; the <ex>passage</ex> of fluids through the pores or channels of the body.</as></def>

<blockquote>What! are my doors opposed against my <b>passage</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Transit by means of conveyance; journey, as by water, carriage, car, or the like; travel; right, liberty, or means, of passing; conveyance.</def>

<blockquote>The ship in which he had taken <b>passage</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Price paid for the liberty to pass; fare; <as>as, to pay one's <ex>passage</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Removal from life; decease; departure; death.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Endure thy mortal <i>passage</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>When he is fit and season'd for his <b>passage</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Way; road; path; channel or course through or by which one passes; way of exit or entrance; way of access or transit. Hence, a common avenue to various apartments in a building; a hall; a corridor.</def>

<blockquote>And with his pointed dart
Explores the nearest <b>passage</b> to his heart.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Persian army had advanced into the . . . <b>passages</b> of Cilicia.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A continuous course, process, or progress; a connected or continuous series; <as>as, the <ex>passage</ex> of time</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The conduct and <b>passage</b> of affairs.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>passage</b> and whole carriage of this action.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A separate part of a course, process, or series; an occurrence; an incident; an act or deed.</def> "In thy <i>passages</i> of life."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The . . . almost incredible <b>passage</b> of their unbelief.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A particular portion constituting a part of something continuous; esp., a portion of a book, speech, or musical composition; a paragraph; a clause.</def>

<blockquote>How commentators each dark <b>passage</b> shun.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Reception; currency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir K. Digby.</i>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>A pass or en encounter; <as>as, a <ex>passage</ex> at arms</as>.</def>

<blockquote>No <b>passages</b> of love
Betwixt us twain henceforward evermore.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>A movement or an evacuation of the bowels.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>In parliamentary proceedings: <sd>(a)</sd> The course of a proposition (bill, resolution, etc.) through the several stages of consideration and action; <as>as, during its <ex>passage</ex> through Congress the bill was amended in both Houses</as>. <sd>(b)</sd> The advancement of a bill or other proposition from one stage to another by an affirmative vote; esp., the final affirmative action of the body upon a proposition; hence, adoption; enactment; <as>as, the <ex>passage</ex> of the bill to its third reading was delayed</as>.</def> "The <i>passage</i> of the Stamp Act."

<i>D. Hosack.</i>

<blockquote>The final question was then put upon its <b>passage</b>.
<i>Cushing.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>In passage</col>, <cd>in passing; cursorily. "These . . . have been studied but <i>in passage<i>." <i>Bacon</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Middle passage</col>, <col>Northeast passage</col>, <col>Northwest passage</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Middle</er>, <er>Northeast</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Of passage</col>, <cd>passing from one place, region, or climate, to another; migratory; -- said especially of birds "Birds <i>of passage<i>." <i>Longfellow</i>.</cd>  -- <col>Passage hawk</col>, <cd>a hawk taken on its passage or migration.</cd> -- <col>Passage money</col>, <cd>money paid for conveyance of a passenger, -- usually for carrying passengers by water.</cd>
</cs>

<hr>
<page="1049">
Page 1049<p>

<syn>Syn. -- Vestibule; hall; corridor. See <er>Vestibule</er>.</syn>

<h1>Passager</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sa*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Passenger</er>.]</ety> <def>A passenger; a bird or boat of passage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ld. Berners.</i>

<h1>Passageway</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sage*way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A way for passage; a hall. See <er>Passage</er>, 5.</def>

<h1>Passant</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p.pr. of <ets>passer</ets>. See <er>Pass</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Passing from one to another; in circulation; current.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Many opinions are <b>passant</b>.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Curs<?/ry, careless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>On a <b>passant</b> rewiew of what I wrote to the bishop.
<i>Sir P. Pett.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Surpassing; excelling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Walking; -- said of any animal on an escutcheon, which is represented as walking with the dexter paw raised.</def>

<h1>Pass\'82, masc. Pass\'82e</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pas`s\'82"</hw>, <tt>masc.</tt> <hw>Pas`s\'82"e</hw>, <tt>fem.</tt><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Past; gone by; hence, past one's prime; worn; faded; <as>as, a <ex>pass\'82e</ex> belle</as>.</def>

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<h1>Passegarde</h1>
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<hw>Passe"garde`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>A ridge or projecting edge on a shoulder piece to turn the blow of a lance or other weapon from the joint of the armor.</def>

<h1>Passement</h1>
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<hw>Passe"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Lace, gimp, braid etc., sewed on a garment.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Passementerie</h1>
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<hw>Passe*men"terie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Beaded embroidery for women's dresses.</def>

<h1>Passenger</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sen*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. & F. <ets>passager</ets>. See <er>Passage</er>, and cf. <er>Messenger</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A passer or passer-by; a wayfarer.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A traveler by some established conveyance, as a coach, steamboat, railroad train, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Passenger falcon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a migratory hawk. <i>Ainsworth</i>.</cd> -- <col>Passenger pigeon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common wild pigeon of North America (<spn>Ectopistes migratorius</spn>), so called on account of its extensive migrations.</cd><-- now extinct! --></cs>

<h1>Passe partout</h1>
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<hw>Passe" par`tout"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from <ets>passer</ets> to pass + <ets>partout</ets> everywhere.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That by which one can pass anywhere; a safe-conduct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A master key; a latchkey.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A light picture frame or mat of cardboard, wood, or the like, usually put between the picture and the glass, and sometimes serving for several pictures.</def>

<h1>Passer</h1>
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<hw>Pass"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who passes; a passenger.</def>

<h1>Passer-by</h1>
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<hw>Pass`er-by"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who goes by; a passer.</def>

<h1>Passeres</h1>
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<hw>Pas"se*res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>passer</ets> a sparrow.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order, or suborder, of birds, including more that half of all the known species. It embraces all singing birds (Oscines), together with many other small perching birds.</def>

<h1>Passeriform</h1>
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<hw>Pas*ser"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or belonging to the Passeres.</def>

<h1>Passerine</h1>
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<hw>Pas"ser*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>passerinus</ets>, fr. <ets>passer</ets> a sparrow.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Passeres.</def>

<blockquote>The columbine, gallinaceous, and <b>passerine</b> tribes people the fruit trees.
<i>Sydney Smith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Passerine</h1>
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<hw>Pas"ser*ine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Passeres.</def>

<h1>Passibility</h1>
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<hw>Pas`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>passibilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>passibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being passible; aptness to feel or suffer; sensibility.</def>

<i>Hakewill.</i>

<h1>Passible</h1>
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<hw>Pas"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>passibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>pati</ets>, to suffer: cf. F. <ets>passible</ets>. See <er>Passion</er>.]</ety> <def>Susceptible of feeling or suffering, or of impressions from external agents.</def>

<blockquote>Apolinarius, which held even deity itself <b>passible</b>.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Passibleness</h1>
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<hw>Pas"si*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Passibility.</def>

<i>Brerewood.</i>

<h1>Passiflora</h1>
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<hw>Pas"si*flo"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>passio</ets> passion (fr. <ets>pati</ets>, <ets>passus</ets>, to suffer) + <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, including the passion flower. It is the type of the order <spn>Passiflore\'91</spn>, which includes about nineteen genera and two hundred and fifty species.</def>

<h1>Passim</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Here and there; everywhere; <as>as, this word occurs <ex>passim</ex> in the poem</as>.</def>

<h1>Passing</h1>
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<hw>Pass"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of one who, or that which, passes; the act of going by or away.</def>

<cs><col>Passing bell</col>, <cd>a tolling of a bell to announce that a soul is passing, or has passed, from its body (formerly done to invoke prayers for the dying); also, a tolling during the passing of a funeral procession to the grave, or during funeral ceremonies.</cd></cs>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>  <i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Passing</h1>
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<hw>Pass"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to the act of passing or going; going by, beyond, through, or away; departing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exceeding; surpassing, eminent.</def> <i>Chaucer</i>. "Her <i>passing</i> deformity."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Passing note</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a character including a passing tone.</cd> -- <col>Passing tone</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a tone introduced between two other tones, on an unaccented portion of a measure, for the sake of smoother melody, but forming no essential part of the harmony.</cd></cs>

<h1>Passing</h1>
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<hw>Pass"ing</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Exceedingly; excessively; surpassingly; <as>as, <ex>passing</ex> fair; <ex>passing</ex> strange.</as></def> "You apprehend <i>passing</i> shrewdly."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Passingly</h1>
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<hw>Pass"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Exceedingly.</def>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Passion</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>passio</ets>, fr. <ets>pati</ets>, <ets>passus</ets>, to suffer. See <er>Patient</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A suffering or enduring of imposed or inflicted pain; any suffering or distress (as, a cardiac <i>passion</i>); specifically, the suffering of Christ between the time of the last supper and his death, esp. in the garden upon the cross.</def> "The <i>passions</i> of this time."

<i>Wyclif (Rom. viii. 18).</i>

<blockquote>To whom also he showed himself alive after his <b>passion</b>, by many infallible proofs.
<i>Acts i. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being acted upon; subjection to an external agent or influence; a passive condition; -- opposed to <i>action</i>.</def>

<blockquote>A body at rest affords us no idea of any active power to move, and, when set is motion, it is rather a <b>passion</b> than an action in it.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Capacity of being affected by external agents; susceptibility of impressions from external agents.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Moldable and not moldable, scissible and not scissible, and many other <b>passions</b> of matter.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The state of the mind when it is powerfully acted upon and influenced by something external to itself; the state of any particular faculty which, under such conditions, becomes extremely sensitive or uncontrollably excited; any emotion or sentiment (specifically, love or anger) in a state of abnormal or controlling activity; an extreme or inordinate desire; also, the capacity or susceptibility of being so affected; <as>as, to be in a <ex>passion</ex>; the <ex>passions</ex> of love, hate, jealously, wrath, ambition, avarice, fear, etc.; a <ex>passion</ex> for war, or for drink; an orator should have <ex>passion</ex> as well as rhetorical skill.</as></def>  "A <i>passion</i> fond even to idolatry." <i>Macaulay</i>. "Her <i>passion</i> is to seek roses."

<i>Lady M. W. Montagu.</i>

<blockquote>We also are men of like <b>passions</b> with you.
<i>Acts xiv. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The nature of the human mind can not be sufficiently understood, without considering the affections and <b>passions</b>, or those modifications or actions of the mind consequent upon the apprehension of certain objects or events in which the mind generally conceives good or evil.
<i>Hutcheson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The term <b>passion</b>, and its adverb <b>passionately</b>, often express a very strong predilection for any pursuit, or object of taste -- a kind of enthusiastic fondness for anything.
<i>Cogan.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The bravery of his grief did put me
Into a towering <b>passion</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ruling <b>passion</b>, be it what it will,
The ruling <b>passion</b> conquers reason still.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who walked in every path of human life,
Felt every <b>passion</b>.
<i>Akenside.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When statesmen are ruled by faction and interest, they can have no <b>passion</b> for the glory of their country.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Disorder of the mind; madness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Passion week. See <cref>Passion week</cref>, below.</def>

<i>R. of Gl.</i>

<cs><col>Passion flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any flower or plant of the genus <spn>Passiflora</spn>; -- so named from a fancied resemblance of parts of the flower to the instruments of our Savior's crucifixion.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; The flowers are showy, and the fruit is sometimes highly esteemed (see <er>Granadilla</er>, and <er>Maypop</er>). The roots and leaves are generally more or less noxious, and are used in medicine. The plants are mostly tendril climbers, and are commonest in the warmer parts of America, though a few species are Asiatic or Australian.</note>

<cs><col>Passion music</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>originally, music set to the gospel narrative of the passion of our Lord; after the Reformation, a kind of oratorio, with narrative, chorals, airs, and choruses, having for its theme the passion and crucifixion of Christ.</cd> -- <col>Passion play</col>, <cd>a mystery play, in which the scenes connected with the passion of our Savior are represented dramatically.</cd> -- <col>Passion Sunday</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>the fifth Sunday in Lent, or the second before Easter.</cd> -- <col>Passion Week</col>, <cd>the last week but one in Lent, or the second week preceding Easter. "The name of <i>Passion week<i> is frequently, but improperly, applied to Holy Week."</cd></cs>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Passion</er>, <er>Feeling</er>, <er>Emotion</er>.</syn> <usage> When any <i>feeling</i> or <i>emotion</i> completely masters the mind, we call it a <i>passion</i>; as, a <i>passion</i> for music, dress, etc.; especially is anger (when thus extreme) called <i>passion</i>. The mind, in such cases, is considered as having lost its self-control, and become the passive instrument of the feeling in question.</usage>

<h1>Passion</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Passioned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p.pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Passioning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To give a passionate character to.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Passion</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sion</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To suffer pain or sorrow; to experience a passion; to be extremely agitated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Dumbly she <i>passions</i>, frantically she doteth."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Passional</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to passion or the passions; exciting, influenced by, or ministering to, the passions.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A passionary.</def></def2>

<h1>Passionary</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>passionarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>passionaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>A book in which are described the sufferings of saints and martyrs.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Passionate</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>passionatus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>passionn\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable or susceptible of passion, or of different passions; easily moved, excited or agitated; specifically, easily moved to anger; irascible; quick-tempered; <as>as, a <ex>passionate</ex> nature</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Homer's Achilles is haughty and <b>passionate</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by passion; expressing passion; ardent in feeling or desire; vehement; warm; <as>as, a <ex>passionate</ex> friendship</as>.</def> "The <i>passionate</i> Pilgrim."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Suffering; sorrowful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Passionate</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To affect with passion; to impassion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Great pleasure, mixed with pitiful regard,
The godly kind and queen did <b>passionate</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To express feelingly or sorrowfully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Passionately</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sion*ate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a passionate manner; with strong feeling; ardently.</def>

<blockquote>Sorrow expresses itself . . . loudly and <b>passionately</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Angrily; irascibly.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Passionateness</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sion*ate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being passionate.</def>

<h1>Passionist</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A member of a religious order founded in Italy in 1737, and introduced into the United States in 1852. The members of the order unite the austerities of the Trappists with the activity and zeal of the Jesuits and Lazarists. Called also <i>Barefooted Clerks of the Most Holy Cross</i>.</def>

<h1>Passionless</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sion*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Void of passion; without anger or emotion; not easily excited; calm.</def> "Self-contained and <i>passionless</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Passiontide</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sion*tide`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Passion</ets> + <ets>tide</ets> time.]</ety> <def>The last fortnight of Lent.</def>

<h1>Passive</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>passivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>passif</ets>. See <er>Passion</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not active, but acted upon; suffering or receiving impressions or influences; <as>as, they were <ex>passive</ex> spectators, not actors in the scene</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>passive</b> air
Upbore their nimble tread.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The mind is wholly <b>passive</b> in the reception of all its simple ideas.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Receiving or enduring without either active sympathy or active resistance; without emotion or excitement; patient; not opposing; unresisting; <as>as, <ex>passive</ex> obedience; <ex>passive</ex> submission.</as></def>

<blockquote>The best virtue, <b>passive</b> fortitude.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Inactive; inert; not showing strong affinity; <as>as, red phosphorus is comparatively <ex>passive</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Designating certain morbid conditions, as hemorrhage or dropsy, characterized by relaxation of the vessels and tissues, with deficient vitality and lack of reaction in the affected tissues.</def>

<cs><col>Passive congestion</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>congestion due to obstruction to the return of the blood from the affected part.</cd> -- <col>Passive iron</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>iron which has been subjected to the action of heat, of strong nitric acid, chlorine, etc. It is then not easily acted upon by acids.</cd> -- <col>Passive movement</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a movement of a part, in order to exercise it, made without the assistance of the muscles which ordinarily move the part.</cd> -- <col>Passive obedience</col><cd> (as used by writers on government), obedience or submission of the subject or citizen as a duty in all cases to the existing government.</cd> -- <col>Passive prayer</col>, <cd>among mystic divines, a suspension of the activity of the soul or intellectual faculties, the soul remaining quiet, and yielding only to the impulses of grace.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Passive verb</col>, &or; <col>Passive voice</col></mcol> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>a verb, or form of a verb, which expresses the effect of the action of some agent; as, in Latin, <i>doceor<i>, I am taught; in English, she <i>is loved<i>; the picture <i>is admired<i> by all; he <i>is assailed<i> by slander.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Inactive; inert; quiescent; unresisting; unopposing; suffering; enduring; submissive; patient.</syn>

<h1>Passively</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a passive manner; inertly; unresistingly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>As a passive verb; in the passive voice.</def>

<h1>Passiveness</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being passive; unresisting submission.</def>

<blockquote>To be an effect implies <b>passiveness</b>, or the being subject to the power and action of its cause.
<i>J. Edwards.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Passivity</h1>
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<hw>Pas*siv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>passivit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Passiveness; -- opposed to <i>activity</i>.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The tendency of a body to remain in a given state, either of motion or rest, till disturbed by another body; inertia.</def>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The quality or condition of any substance which has no inclination to chemical activity; inactivity.</def>

<h1>Pass-key</h1>
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<hw>Pass"-key`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A key for opening more locks than one; a master key.</def>

<h1>Passless</h1>
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<hw>Pass"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no pass; impassable.</def>

<i>Cowley.</i>

<h1>Passman</h1>
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<hw>Pass"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Passmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who passes for a degree, without honors. See <er>Classman</er>, 2.</def> <mark>[Eng. Univ.]</mark>

<h1>Passover</h1>
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<hw>Pass"o`ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pass</ets> + <ets>over</ets>. See Pasch.]</ety> <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A feast of the Jews, instituted to commemorate the sparing of the Hebrews in Egypt, when God, smiting the firstborn of the Egyptians, <i>passed over</i> the houses of the Israelites which were marked with the blood of a lamb.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The sacrifice offered at the feast of the passover; the paschal lamb.</def>

<i>Ex. xii.</i>

<h1>Pass-parole</h1>
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<hw>Pass`-pa*role"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>passe-parole</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An order passed from front to rear by word of mouth.</def>

<h1>Passport</h1>
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<hw>Pass"port</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>passeport</ets>, orig., a permission to leave a port or to sail into it; <ets>passer</ets> to pass + <ets>port</ets> a port, harbor. See <er>Pass</er>, and <er>Port</er> a harbor.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Permission to pass; a document given by the competent officer of a state, permitting the person therein named to pass or travel from place to place, without molestation, by land or by water.</def>

<blockquote>Caution in granting <b>passports</b> to Ireland.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A document carried by neutral merchant vessels in time of war, to certify their nationality and protect them from belligerents; a sea letter.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A license granted in time of war for the removal of persons and effects from a hostile country; a safe-conduct.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Figuratively: Anything which secures advancement and general acceptance.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<blockquote>His <b>passport</b> is his innocence and grace.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Passus</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Passus</plw>, E. <plw>Passuses</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a step, a pace. See <er>Pace</er>.]</ety> <def>A division or part; a canto; <as>as, the <ex>passus</ex> of Piers Plowman</as>. See 2d <er>Fit</er>.</def>

<h1>Password</h1>
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<hw>Pass"word`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A word to be given before a person is allowed to pass; a watchword; a countersign.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Passymeasure</h1>
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<hw>Pas"sy*meas`ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. It. <ets>passamezzo</ets>.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Paspy</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Past</h1>
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<hw>Past</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pass</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a former time or state; neither present nor future; gone by; elapsed; ended; spent; <as>as, <ex>past</ex> troubles; <ex>past</ex> offences.</as></def> "<i>Past</i> ages."

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>Past master</col>. <cd>See under <er>Master</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Past</h1>
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<hw>Past</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A former time or state; a state of things gone by.</def> "The <i>past</i>, at least, is secure."

<i>D. Webster.</i>

<blockquote>The present is only intelligible in the light of the <b>past</b>, often a very remote <b>past</b> indeed.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Past</h1>
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<hw>Past</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Beyond, in position, or degree; further than; beyond the reach or influence of.</def> "Who being <i>past</i> feeling." <i>Eph. iv. 19</i>. "Galled <i>past</i> endurance." <i>Macaulay</i>.

<blockquote>Until we be <b>past</b> thy borders.
<i>Num. xxi. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Love, when once <b>past</b> government, is consequently <b>past shame</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
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<p><b>2.</b> <def>Beyond, in time; after; <as>as, <ex>past</ex> the hour</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Is it not <b>past</b> two o'clock?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Above; exceeding; more than.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Not <b>past</b> three quarters of a mile.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Bows not <b>past</b> three quarters of a yard long.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Past</h1>
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<hw>Past</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By; beyond; <as>as, he ran <ex>past</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The alarum of drums swept <b>past</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paste</h1>
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<hw>Paste</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>paste</ets>, F. <ets>p\'83te</ets>, L. <ets>pasta</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ barley broth; cf. <?/ barley porridge, <?/ sprinkled with salt, <?/ to sprinkle. Cf. <er>Pasty</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Patty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A soft composition, as of flour moistened with water or milk, or of earth moistened to the consistence of dough, as in making potter's ware.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, in cookery, a dough prepared for the crust of pies and the like; pastry dough.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of cement made of flour and water, starch and water, or the like, -- used for uniting paper or other substances, as in bookbinding, etc., -- also used in calico printing as a vehicle for mordant or color.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A highly refractive vitreous composition, variously colored, used in making imitations of precious stones or gems. See <er>Strass</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A soft confection made of the inspissated juice of fruit, licorice, or the like, with sugar, etc.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The mineral substance in which other minerals are imbedded.</def>

<cs><col>Paste eel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the vinegar eel. See under <er>Vinegar</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Paste</h1>
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<hw>Paste</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pasted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pasting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To unite with paste; to fasten or join by means of paste.</def>

<h1>Pasteboard</h1>
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<hw>Paste"board`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A stiff thick kind of paper board, formed of several single sheets pasted one upon another, or of paper macerated and pressed into molds, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A board on which pastry dough is rolled; a molding board.</def>

<h1>Pastel</h1>
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<hw>Pas"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.; cf. It. <ets>pastello</ets>. Cf. <er>Pastil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A crayon made of a paste composed of a color ground with gum water.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes incorrectly written <asp>pastil</asp>.]</altsp>  "Charming heads in <i>pastel</i>."

<i>W. Black.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant affording a blue dye; the woad (<spn>Isatis tinctoria</spn>); also, the dye itself.</def>

<--3. a drawing using pastel, or of a pastel shade.
4. the art or process of drawing with pastels.
5. any of various light or pale colors.
6. a light literary work, as a sketch. -->

<h1>Paster</h1>
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<hw>Past"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who pastes; <as>as, a <ex>paster</ex> in a government department</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A slip of paper, usually bearing a name, intended to be pasted by the voter, as a substitute, over another name on a printed ballot.</def> <mark>[Cant, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Pastern</h1>
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<hw>Pas"tern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of. <ets>pasturon</ets>, F. <ets>p\'83turon</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>pasture</ets> a tether, for beasts while pasturing; prop., a pasturing. See <er>Pasture</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The part of the foot of the horse, and allied animals, between the fetlock and the coffin joint. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Horse</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The upper bone, or phalanx, of the foot is called the <stype>great pastern bone</stype>; the second, the <stype>small pastern bone</stype>; and the third, in the hoof, the <stype>coffin bone</stype>.</note>

<cs><col>Pastern joint</col>, <cd>the joint in the hoof of the horse, and allied animals, between the great and small pastern bones.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A shackle for horses while pasturing.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A patten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Pasteurism</h1>
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<hw>Pas*teur"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Fr. <ets>Pasteur</ets>, a French scientist.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A method of treatment, devised by Pasteur, for preventing certain diseases, as hydrophobia, by successive inoculations with an attenuated virus of gradually increasing strength.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pasteurization.</def>

<h1>Pasteurization</h1>
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<hw>Pas*teur`i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A process devised by Pasteur for preventing or checking fermentation in fluids, such as wines, milk, etc., by exposure to a temperature of 140&deg; F., thus destroying the vitality of the contained germs or ferments.</def>

<h1>Pasteurize</h1>
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<hw>Pas*teur"ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To subject to pasteurization.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat by pasteurizm.</def>

<h1>Pasticcio</h1>
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<hw>Pas*tic"ci*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. <ets>pasta</ets>. See <er>Paste</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A medley; an olio.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>H. Swinburne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A work of art imitating directly the work of another artist, or of more artists than one.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A falsified work of art, as a vase or statue made up of parts of original works, with missing parts supplied.</def>

<h1>Pastil, Pastille</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pas"til</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pas*tille"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pastille</ets>, L. <ets>pastillus</ets>a pastus food. See <er>Pasture</er>, and cf. <er>Pastel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Pharmacy)</fld> <def>A small cone or mass made of paste of gum, benzoin, cinnamon, and other aromatics, -- used for fumigating or scenting the air of a room.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An aromatic or medicated lozenge; a troche.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>See <er>Pastel</er>, a crayon.</def>

<h1>Pastime</h1>
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<hw>Pas"time`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pass</ets> + <ets>time</ets>: cf. F. <ets>passetemps</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which amuses, and serves to make time pass agreeably; sport; amusement; diversion.</def>

<h1>Pastime</h1>
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<hw>Pas"time`</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sport; to amuse one's self.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pastor</h1>
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<hw>Pas"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>pascere</ets>, <ets>pastum</ets>, to pasture, to feed. Cf. <er>Pabulum</er>, <er>Pasture</er>, <er>Food</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shepherd; one who has the care of flocks and herds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A guardian; a keeper; specifically <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, a minister having the charge of a church and parish.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of starling (<spn>Pastor roseus</spn>), native of the plains of Western Asia and Eastern Europe.  Its head is crested and glossy greenish black, and its back is rosy. It feeds largely upon locusts.</def>

<h1>Pastorage</h1>
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<hw>Pas"tor*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office, jurisdiction, or duty, of a pastor; pastorate.</def>

<h1>Pastoral</h1>
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<hw>Pas"tor*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pastoralis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pastoral</ets>. See <er>Pastor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to shepherds; hence, relating to rural life and scenes; <as>as, a <ex>pastoral</ex> life</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating to the care of souls, or to the pastor of a church; <as>as, <ex>pastoral</ex> duties; a <ex>pastoral</ex> letter.</as></def>

<cs><col>Pastoral staff</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>a staff, usually of the form of a shepherd's crook, borne as an official emblem by a bishop, abbot, abbess, or other prelate privileged to carry it. See <er>Crook</er>, and <er>Crosier</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pastoral Theology</col>, <cd>that part of theology which treats of the duties of pastors.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pastoral</h1>
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<hw>Pas"tor*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A poem describing the life and manners of shepherds; a poem in which the speakers assume the character of shepherds; an idyl; a bucolic.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>pastoral</b> is a poem in which any action or passion is represented by its effects on a country life.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A cantata relating to rural life; a composition for instruments characterized by simplicity and sweetness; a lyrical composition the subject of which is taken from rural life.</def>

<i>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A letter of a pastor to his charge; specifically, a letter addressed by a bishop to his diocese; also <fld>(Prot. Epis. Ch.)</fld>, a letter of the House of Bishops, to be read in each parish.</def>

<h1>Pastorale</h1>
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<hw>Pas`to*ra"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A composition in a soft, rural style, generally in 6-8 or 12-8 time.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of dance; a kind of figure used in a dance.</def>

<h1>Pastorally</h1>
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<hw>Pas"tor*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a pastoral or rural manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the manner of a pastor.</def>

<h1>Pastorate</h1>
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<hw>Pas"tor*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pastorat</ets>. See <er>Pastor</er>.]</ety> <def>The office, state, or jurisdiction of a pastor.</def>

<h1>Pastorless</h1>
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<hw>Pas"tor*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no pastor.</def>

<h1>Pastorling</h1>
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<hw>Pas"tor*ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An insignificant pastor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pastorly</h1>
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<hw>Pas"tor*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Appropriate to a pastor.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Pastorship</h1>
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<hw>Pas"tor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pastorate.</def>

<i>Bp. Bull.</i>

<h1>Pastry</h1>
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<hw>Pas"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pastries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The place where pastry is made.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Articles of food made of paste, or having a crust made of paste, as pies, tarts, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Pastry cook</col>, <cd>one whose occupation is to make pastry; <as>as, the <ex>pastry cook<ex> of a hotel</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pasturable</h1>
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<hw>Pas"tur*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fit for pasture.</def>

<h1>Pasturage</h1>
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<hw>Pas"tur*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pasturage</ets>, F. <ets>p\'83turage</ets>. See <er>Pasture</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Grazing ground; grass land used for pasturing; pasture.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Grass growing for feed; grazing.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The business of feeding or grazing cattle.</def>

<h1>Pasture</h1>
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<hw>Pas"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pasture</ets>, F. <ets>p\'83ture</ets>, L. <ets>pastura</ets>, fr. <ets>pascere</ets>, <ets>pastum</ets>, to pasture, to feed. See <er>Pastor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Food; nourishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Toads and frogs his <b>pasture</b> poisonous.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: Grass growing for the food of cattle; the food of cattle taken by grazing.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Grass land for cattle, horses, etc.; pasturage.</def>

<blockquote>He maketh me to lie down in green <b>pastures</b>.
<i>Ps. xxiii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So graze as you find <b>pasture</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pasture</h1>
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<hw>Pas"ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pastured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pasturing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To feed, esp. to feed on growing grass; to supply grass as food for; <as>as, the farmer <ex>pastures</ex> fifty oxen; the land will <ex>pasture</ex> forty cows.</as></def>

<h1>Pasture</h1>
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<hw>Pas"ture</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To feed on growing grass; to graze.</def>

<h1>Pastureless</h1>
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<hw>Pas"ture*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of pasture</def>.

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Pasturer</h1>
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<hw>Pas"tur*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pastures; one who takes cattle to graze. See <er>Agister</er>.</def>

<h1>Pasty</h1>
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<hw>Pas"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like paste, as in color, softness, stickness.</def> "A <i>pasty</i> complexion."

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Pasty</h1>
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<hw>Pas"ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pasties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OF. <ets>past\'82</ets>, F. <ets>p\'83t\'82</ets>. See <er>Paste</er>, and cf. <er>Patty</er>.]</ety> <def>A pie consisting usually of meat wholly surrounded with a crust made of a sheet of paste, and often baked without a dish; a meat pie.</def> "If ye pinch me like a <i>pasty</i>." <i>Shak.</i> "Apple <i>pasties</i>." <i>Dickens</i>.

<blockquote>A large <b>pasty</b> baked in a pewter platter.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pat</h1>
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<hw>Pat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Patted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Patting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>patschen</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>patzen</ets>, to strike, tap.]</ety> <def>To strike gently with the fingers or hand; to stroke lightly; to tap; <as>as, to <ex>pat</ex> a dog</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Gay <b>pats</b> my shoulder, and you vanish quite.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pat</h1>
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<hw>Pat</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A light, quik blow or stroke with the fingers or hand; a tap.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small mass, as of butter, shaped by pats.</def>

<blockquote>It looked like a tessellated work of <b>pats</b> of butter.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pat</h1>
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<hw>Pat</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>pat</ets> a light blow, D. <ets>te pas</ets> convenient, pat, where <ets>pas</ets> is fr. F. <ets>passer</ets> to pass.]</ety> <def>Exactly suitable; fit; convenient; timely.</def> "<i>Pat</i> allusion."

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Pat</h1>
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<hw>Pat</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pat manner.</def>

<blockquote>I foresaw then 't would come in <b>pat</b> hereafter.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pataca</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ta"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>The Spanish dollar; -- called also <altname>patacoon</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Patache</h1>
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<hw>Pa`tache"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. & Sp. <ets>patache</ets>, P. <ets>patacho</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A tender to a fleet, formerly used for conveying men, orders, or treasure.</def> <mark>[Spain & Portugal]</mark>

<h1>Patacoon</h1>
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<hw>Pa`ta*coon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>See <er>Pataca</er>.</def>

<h1>Patagium</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ta"gi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Patagia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., an edge or border.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>In bats, an expansion of the integument uniting the fore limb with the body and extending between the elongated fingers to form the wing; in birds, the similar fold of integument uniting the fore limb with the body.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a pair of small vesicular organs situated at the bases of the anterior wings of lepidopterous insects. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Butterfly</er>.</def>

<h1>Patagonian</h1>
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<hw>Pat`a*go"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Patagonia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native of Patagonia.</def></def2>

<h1>Patamar</h1>
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<hw>Pat"a*mar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel resembling a grab, used in the coasting trade of Bombay and Ceylon.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pattemar</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Patas</h1>
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<hw>Pa*tas"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A West African long-tailed monkey (<spn>Cercopithecus ruber</spn>); the red monkey.</def>

<h1>Patavinity</h1>
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<hw>Pat`a*vin"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>patavinitas</ets>, fr. <ets>Patavium</ets>: cf. F. <ets>patavinit\'82</ets>]</ety> <def>The use of local or provincial words, as in the peculiar style or diction of Livy, the Roman historian; -- so called from Patavium, now Padua, the place of Livy's nativity.</def>

<h1>Patch</h1>
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<hw>Patch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pacche</ets>; of uncertain origin, perh. for <ets>placche</ets>; cf. Prov. E. <ets>platch</ets> patch, LG. <ets>plakk</ets>, <ets>plakke</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of cloth, or other suitable material, sewed or otherwise fixed upon a garment to repair or strengthen it, esp. upon an old garment to cover a hole.</def>

<blockquote><b>Patches</b> set upon a little breach.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A small piece of anything used to repair a breach; <as>as, a <ex>patch</ex> on a kettle, a roof, etc</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small piece of black silk stuck on the face, or neck, to hide a defect, or to heighten beauty.</def>

<blockquote>Your black <b>patches</b> you wear variously.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A piece of greased cloth or leather used as wrapping for a rifle ball, to make it fit the bore.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Fig.: Anything regarded as a patch; a small piece of ground; a tract; a plot; <as>as, scattered <ex>patches</ex> of trees or growing corn</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Employed about this <b>patch</b> of ground.
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A block on the muzzle of a gun, to do away with the effect of dispart, in sighting.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A paltry fellow; a rogue; a ninny; a fool.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark> "Thou scurvy <i>patch</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Patch ice</col>, <cd>ice in overlapping pieces in the sea.</cd> -- <col>Soft patch</col>, <cd>a patch for covering a crack in a metallic vessel, as a steam boiler, consisting of soft material, as putty, covered and held in place by a plate bolted or riveted fast.</cd></cs>

<h1>Patch</h1>
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<hw>Patch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Patched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Patching</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To mend by sewing on a piece or pieces of cloth, leather, or the like; <as>as, to <ex>patch</ex> a coat</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mend with pieces; to repair with pieces festened on; to repair clumsily; <as>as, to <ex>patch</ex> the roof of a house</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To adorn, as the face, with a patch or patches.</def>

<blockquote>Ladies who <b>patched</b> both sides of their faces.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make of pieces or patches; to repair as with patches; to arrange in a hasty or clumsy manner; -- generally with <i>up</i>; <as>as, to <ex>patch</ex> up a truce</as>.</def> "If you'll <i>patch</i> a quarrel."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Patcher</h1>
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<hw>Patch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who patches or botches.</def>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Patchery</h1>
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<hw>Patch"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Botchery; covering of defects; bungling; hypocrisy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Patchingly</h1>
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<hw>Patch"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Knavishy; deceitfully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Patchouli, Patchouly</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pa*tchou"li</hw>, <hw>Pa*tchou"ly</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>patchouli</ets>; prob. of East Indian origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A mintlike plant (<spn>Pogostemon Patchouli</spn>) of the East Indies, yielding an essential oil from which a highly valued perfume is made.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The perfume made from this plant.</def>

<cs><col>Patchouly camphor</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a substance homologous with and resembling borneol, found in patchouly oil.</cd></cs>

<h1>Patchwork</h1>
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<hw>Patch"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Work composed of pieces sewed together, esp. pieces of various colors and figures; hence, anything put together of incongruous or ill-adapted parts; something irregularly clumsily composed; a thing putched up.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Patchy</h1>
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<hw>Patch"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of, or covered with, patches; abounding in patches.</def>

<h1>Pat\'82</h1>
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<hw>Pa`t\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>Patt\'82</er>.</def>

<h1>Pat\'82</h1>
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<hw>Pa`t\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'83t\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pie. See <er>Patty</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A kind of platform with a parapet, usually of an oval form, and generally erected in marshy grounds to cover a gate of a fortified place.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pate</h1>
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<hw>Pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LG. & Prov. G. <ets>pattkopf</ets>, <ets>patzkopf</ets>, scabby head; <ets>patt</ets>, <ets>patz</ets>, scab + <ets>kopf</ets> head.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The head of a person; the top, or crown, of the head.</def> <mark>[Now generally used in contempt or ridicule.]</mark><-- esp., bald pate -->

<blockquote>His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent dealing shall come down upon his own <b>pate</b>.
<i>Ps. vii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fat paunches have lean <b>pate</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The skin of a calf's head.</def>

<h1>Pated</h1>
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<hw>Pat"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a pate; -- used only in composition; <as>as, long-<ex>pated</ex>; shallow-<ex>pated</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Patee</h1>
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<hw>Pa*tee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pattee</er>.</def>

<h1>Patefaction</h1>
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<hw>Pat`e*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>patefactio</ets>, fr. <ets>patefacere</ets> to open; <ets>patere</ets> to lie open + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>The act of opening, disclosing, or manifesting; open declaration.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Patela</h1>
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<hw>Pat"e*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>patel\'be</ets>.]</ety> <def>A large flat-bottomed trading boat peculiar to the river Ganges; -- called also <altname>puteli</altname>.</def>

<h1>Patella</h1>
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<hw>Pa*tel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Patell\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a small pan, the kneepan, dim. of <ets>patina</ets>, <ets>patena</ets>, a pan, dish.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small dish, pan, or vase.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The kneepan; the cap of the knee.</def><-- kneecap -->

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine gastropods, including many species of limpets. The shell has the form of a flattened cone. The common European limpet (<spn>Patella vulgata</spn>) is largely used for food.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of apothecium in lichens, which is orbicular, flat, and sessile, and has a special rim not a part of the thallus.</def>

<h1>Patellar</h1>
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<hw>Pa*tel"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the patella, or kneepan.</def>

<-- patellar tendon -->

<h1>Patelliform</h1>
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<hw>Pa*tel"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Patella</ets> + <ets>form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pattelliforme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the form of a patella.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling a limpet of the genus Patella.</def>

<h1>Patellula</h1>
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<hw>Pa*tel"lu*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Patellul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>patella</ets>. See <er>Patella</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cuplike sucker on the feet of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Paten</h1>
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<hw>Pat"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>patina</ets>, <ets>patena</ets>, fr. L. <ets>patina</ets>, <ets>patena</ets>, a pan; cf. L. <ets>patere</ets> to be open, E. <ets>patent</ets>, and Gr. <?/ a kind of flat dish: cf. F. <ets>pat\'8ane</ets>. Cf. <er>Patina</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A plate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The place on which the consecrated bread is placed in the Eucharist, or on which the host is placed during the Mass. It is usually small, and formed as to fit the chalice, or cup, as a cover.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>patin</asp>, <asp>patine</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Patena</h1>
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<hw>Pat"e*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A paten.</def>

<h1>Patena</h1>
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<hw>Pa*te"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Pg. <ets>patena</ets> a paten.]</ety> <def>A grassy expanse in the hill region of Ceylon.</def>

<h1>Patency</h1>
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<hw>Pa"ten*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Patent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of being open, enlarged, or spread.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being patent or evident.</def>

<hr>
<page="1051">
Page 1051<p>

<h1>Patent</h1>
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<hw>Pat"ent</hw> <tt>(p&acr;t"<it>e</it>nt &or; p&amac;t"<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>patens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>patere</ets> to be open: cf. F. <ets>patent</ets>. Cf. <er>Fathom</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <note>(<i>Oftener pronounced</i> <tt>p&amac;t"<it>e</it>nt</tt> <i>in this sense</i>)</note> <def>Open; expanded; evident; apparent; unconcealed; manifest; public; conspicuous.</def>

<blockquote>He had received instructions, both <b>patent</b> and secret.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Open to public perusal; -- said of a document conferring some right or privilege; <as>as, letters <ex>patent</ex></as>. See <cref>Letters patent</cref>, under 3d <er>Letter</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Appropriated or protected by letters patent; secured by official authority to the exclusive possession, control, and disposal of some person or party; patented; <as>as, a <ex>patent</ex> right; <ex>patent</ex> medicines.</as></def>

<blockquote>Madder . . . in King Charles the First's time, was made a <b>patent</b> commodity.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Spreading; forming a nearly right angle with the steam or branch; <as>as, a <ex>patent</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Patent leather</col>, <cd>a varnished or lacquered leather, used for boots and shoes, and in carriage and harness work.</cd> -- <col>Patent office</col>, <cd>a government bureau for the examination of inventions and the granting of patents.</cd> -- <col>Patent right</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The exclusive right to an invention, and the control of its manufacture</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>The right, granted by the sovereign, of exclusive control of some business of manufacture, or of the sale of certain articles, or of certain offices or prerogatives.</cd> -- <col>Patent rolls</col>, <cd>the registers, or records, of patents.</cd></cs>

<h1>Patent</h1>
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<hw>Pat"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>patente</ets>. See <er>Patent</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A letter patent, or letters patent; an official document, issued by a sovereign power, conferring a right or privilege on some person or party.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A writing securing to an invention</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A document making a grant and conveyance of public lands.</def>

<blockquote>Four other gentlemen of quality remained mentioned in that <b>patent</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In the United States, by the act of 1870, patents for inventions are issued for seventeen years, without the privilege of renewal except by act of Congress.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The right or privilege conferred by such a document; hence, figuratively, a right, privilege, or license of the nature of a patent.</def>

<blockquote>If you are so fond over her iniquity, give her <b>patent</b> to offend.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Patent</h1>
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<hw>Pat"ent</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Patented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Patenting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To grant by patent; to make the subject of a patent; to secure or protect by patent; <as>as, to <ex>patent</ex> an invention; to <ex>patent</ex> public lands.</as></def>

<h1>Patentable</h1>
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<hw>Pat"ent*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suitable to be patented; capable of being patented.</def>

<h1>Patentee</h1>
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<hw>Pat`ent*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One to whom a grant is made, or a privilege secured, by patent.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Patent-hammered</h1>
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<hw>Pat"ent-ham"mered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Stone Cutting)</fld> <def>Having a surface dressed by cutting with a hammer the head of which consists of broad thin chisels clamped together.</def>

<h1>Patently</h1>
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<hw>Pat"ent*ly</hw> <tt>(?; see <er>Patent</er>, <tt>a.</tt>)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Openly; evidently.</def>

<h1>Patera</h1>
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<hw>Pat"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pater\'91</plw>(<?/)</plu>. <ety>[ L., fr. <ets>patere</ets> to lie open.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A saucerlike vessel of earthenware or metal, used by the Greeks and Romans in libations and sacrificies.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A circular ornament, resembling a dish, often worked in relief on friezes, and the like.</def>

<h1>Paterero</h1>
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<hw>Pat`e*re"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pederero</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Paterfamilias</h1>
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<hw>Pa`ter*fa*mil`i*as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pateresfamilias</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>pater</ets> father + <ets>familias</ets>, gen. of <ets>familia</ets> family.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Law)</fld> <def>The head of a family; in a large sense, the proprietor of an estate; one who is his own master.</def>

<h1>Paternal</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ter"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paternus</ets>, fr. <ets>pater</ets> a father: cf. F. <ets>paternel</ets>. See <er>Father</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a father; fatherly; showing the disposition of a father; guiding or instructing as a father; <as>as, <ex>paternal</ex> care</as>.</def> "Under <i>paternal</i> rule."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Received or derived from a father; hereditary; <as>as, a <ex>paternal</ex> estate</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Their small <b>paternal</b> field of corn.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Paternal government</col> <fld>(Polit. Science)</fld>, <cd>the assumption by the governing power of a quasi-fatherly relation to the people, involving strict and intimate supervision of their business and social concerns, upon the theory that they are incapable of managing their own afffairs.</cd></cs>

<h1>Paternalism</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ter"nal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Polit. Science)</fld> <def>The theory or practice of paternal government. See <cref>Paternal government</cref>, under <er>Paternal</er>.</def>

<i>London Times.</i>

<-- paternalistic, = relating to paternalism -->

<h1>Paternally</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ter"nal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a paternal manner.</def>

<h1>Paternity</h1>
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<hw>Pa*ter"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paternitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>paternit\'82</ets>. See <er>Paternal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The relation of a father to his child; fathership; fatherhood; family headship; <as>as, the divine <ex>paternity</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The world, while it had scarcity of people, underwent no other dominion than <b>paternity</b> and eldership.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Derivation or descent from a father; male parentage; <as>as, the <ex>paternity</ex> of a child</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Origin; authorship.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>paternity</b> of these novels was . . . disputed.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paternoster</h1>
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<hw>Pa"ter*nos`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., Our Father.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The Lord's prayer, so called from the first two words of the Latin version.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A beadlike ornament in moldings.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Angling)</fld> <def>A line with a row of hooks and bead<?/shaped sinkers.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Paternoster pump</col>, <col>Paternoster wheel</col></mcol>, <cd>a chain pump; a noria.</cd> -- <col>Paternoster while</col>, <cd>the space of time required for repeating a paternoster. <i>Udall</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Path</h1>
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<hw>Path</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Paths</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[As. <?/, <?/; <?/akin to D. <ets>pad</ets>, G. <ets>pfad</ets>, of uncertain origin; cf. Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>patha</ets>, <ets>path</ets>. &root;21.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A trodden way; a footway.</def>

<blockquote>The dewy <b>paths</b> of meadows we will tread.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A way, course, or track, in which anything moves or has moved; route; passage; an established way; <as>as, the <ex>path</ex> of a meteor, of a caravan, of a storm, of a pestilence</as>. Also used figuratively, of a course of life or action.</def>

<blockquote>All the <b>paths</b> of the Lord are mercy and truth.
<i>Ps. xxv. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>paths</b> of glory lead but to the grave.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Path</h1>
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<hw>Path</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pathed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>pr.p. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pathing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a path in, or on (something), or for (some one).</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Pathing</i> young Henry's unadvised ways."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Path</h1>
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<hw>Path</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To walk or go.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pathematic</h1>
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<hw>Path`e*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a suffering, <?/, to suffer.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, emotion or suffering.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chalmers.</i>

<h1>Pathetic</h1>
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<hw>Pa*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>patheticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, to suffer: cf. F. <ets>path\'82tique</ets>. See <er>Pathos</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Expressing or showing anger; passionate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affecting or moving the tender emotions, esp. pity or grief; full of pathos; <as>as, a <ex>pathetic</ex> song or story</as>.</def> "<i>Pathetic</i> action."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>No theory of the passions can teach a man to be <b>pathetic</b>.
<i>E. Porter.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Pathetic muscle</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the superior oblique muscle of the eye.</cd> -- <col>Pathetic nerve</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the fourth cranial, or trochlear, nerve, which supplies the superior oblique, or pathetic, muscle of the eye.</cd> -- <col>The pathetic</col>, <cd>a style or manner adapted to arouse the tender emotions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pathetical</h1>
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<hw>Pa*thet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pathetic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Pa*thet"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pa*thet"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pathetism</h1>
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<hw>Path"e*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>path\'82tisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Mesmerism</er>.</def>

<i>L. Sunderland.</i>

<h1>Pathfinder</h1>
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<hw>Path"find`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who discovers a way or path; one who explores untraversed regions.</def>

<blockquote>The cow is the true <b>pathfinder</b> and pathmaker.
<i>J. Burroughs.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pathic</h1>
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<hw>Path"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pathicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, passive, fr. <?/, <?/, to suffer]</ety> <def>A male who submits to the crime against nature; a catamite.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Pathic</h1>
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<hw>Path"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Passive; suffering.</def>

<h1>Pathless</h1>
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<hw>Path"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no beaten path or way; untrodden; impenetrable; <as>as, <ex>pathless</ex> woods</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Trough the heavens' wide, <b>pathless</b> way.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pathmaker</h1>
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<hw>Path"mak`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, makes a way or path.</def>

<h1>Pathogene</h1>
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<hw>Path"o*gene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pathogenic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of a class of virulent micro\'94rganisms or bacteria found in the tissues and fluids in infectious diseases, and supposed to be the cause of the disease; a pathogenic organism; a pathogenic bacterium; -- opposed to <i>zymogene</i>.</def>

<h1>Pathogenesis</h1>
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<hw>Path`o*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pathogeny.</def>

<h1>Pathogenetic</h1>
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<hw>Path`o*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pathogenic.</def>

<h1>Pathogenic</h1>
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<hw>Path`o*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ disease + the root of <?/ birth.]</ety> <fld>(Med. & Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to pathogeny; producting disease; <as>as, a <ex>pathogenic</ex> organism; a <ex>pathogenic</ex> bacterium.</as></def>

<h1>Pathogeny</h1>
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<hw>Pa*thog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The generation, and method of development, of disease; <as>as, the <ex>pathogeny</ex> of yellow fever is unsettled</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That branch of pathology which treats of the generation and development of disease.</def>

<h1>Pathognomonic</h1>
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<hw>Pa*thog`no*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ skilled in judging of diseases; <?/ a disease + <?/ skilled: cf. F. <ets>pathognomonique</ets>. See <er>Gnomic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Specially or decisively characteristic of a disease; indicating with certainty a disease; <as>as, a <ex>pathognomonic</ex> symptom</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The true <b>pathognomonic</b> sign of love jealousy.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pathognomy</h1>
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<hw>Pa*thog"no*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ passion + <?/ a judgment, fr. <?/, <?/, to know.]</ety> <def>Expression of the passions; the science of the signs by which human passions are indicated.</def>

<h1>Pathologic, Pathological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Path`o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Path`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>pathologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to pathology.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Path`o*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>
<-- caused by disease -->

<h1>Pathologist</h1>
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<hw>Pa*thol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pathologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in pathology; an investigator in pathology; <as>as, the <ex>pathologist</ex> of a hospital, whose duty it is to determine the causes of the diseases</as>.</def>

<h1>Pathology</h1>
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<hw>Pa*thol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pathologies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ a suffering, disease + <ets>-logy: cf. F. <ets>pathologie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The science which treats of diseases, their nature, causes, progress, symptoms, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Pathology</i> is <i>general</i> or <i>special</i>, according as it treats of disease or morbid processes in general, or of particular diseases; it is also subdivided into <i>internal</i> and <i>external</i>, or <i>medical</i> and <i>surgical</i> pathology. Its departments are <stype>nosology</stype>, <stype>\'91tiology</stype>, <stype>morbid anatomy</stype>, <stype>symptomatology</stype>, and <stype>therapeutics</stype>, which treat respectively of the classification, causation, organic changes, symptoms, and cure of diseases.</note>

<cs><col>Celluar pathology</col>, <cd>a theory that gives prominence to the vital action of cells in the healthy and diseased function of the body.</cd></cs>

<i>Virchow.</i>

<h1>Pathop\'d2la</h1>
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<hw>Path`o*p\'d2"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ias</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/; <?/ passion + <?/ to make.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A speech, or figure of speech, designed to move the passion.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Pathos</h1>
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<hw>Pa"thos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/ a suffering, passion, fr. <?/, <?/, to suffer; cf. <?/ toil, L. <ets>pati</ets> to suffer, E. <ets>patient</ets>.]</ety> <def>That quality or property of anything which touches the feelings or excites emotions and passions, esp., that which awakens tender emotions, such as pity, sorrow, and the like; contagious warmth of feeling, action, or expression; pathetic quality; <as>as, the <ex>pathos</ex> of a picture, of a poem, or of a cry</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The combination of incident, and the <b>pathos</b> of catastrophe.
<i>T. Warton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pathway</h1>
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<hw>Path"way</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A footpath; a beaten track; any path or course. Also used figuratively.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>In the way of righteousness is life; and in the <b>pathway</b> thereof is no death.
<i>Prov. xii. 28.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We tread the <b>pathway</b> arm in arm.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Patible</h1>
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<hw>Pat"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>patibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>pati</ets> to suffer.]</ety> <def>Sufferable; tolerable; endurable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Patibulary</h1>
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<hw>Pa*tib"u*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>patibulum</ets> a gallows: cf. F. <ets>patibulaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the gallows, or to execution.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Patibulated</h1>
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<hw>Pa*tib"u*la`ted</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hanged on a gallows.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Patience</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tience</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>patience</ets>, fr. L. <ets>patientia</ets>. See <er>Patient</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being patient; the power of suffering with fortitude; uncomplaining endurance of evils or wrongs, as toil, pain, poverty, insult, oppression, calamity, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Strenthened with all might, . . . unto all <b>patience</b> and long-suffering.
<i>Col. i. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I must have <b>patience</b> to endure the load.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Who hath learned lowliness
From his Lord's cradle, <b>patience</b> from his cross.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or power of calmly or contentedly waiting for something due or hoped for; forbearance.</def>

<blockquote>Have <b>patience</b> with me, and I will pay thee all.
<i>Matt. xviii. 29.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Constancy in labor or application; perseverance.</def>

<blockquote>He learned with <b>patience</b>, and with meekness taught.
<i>Harte.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Sufferance; permission.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<blockquote>They stay upon your <b>patience</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of dock (<spn>Rumex Patientia</spn>), less common in America than in Europe; monk's rhubarb.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>Solitaire.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Patience</er>, <er>Resignation</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Patience</i> implies the quietness or self-possession of one's own spirit under sufferings, provocations, etc.; <i>resignation</i> implies submission to the will of another. The Stoic may have <i>patience</i>; the Christian should have both <i>patience</i> and <i>resignation</i>.</usage>

<h1>Patient</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>patiens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>pati</ets> to suffer. Cf. <er>Pathos</er>, <er>Passion</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the quality of enduring; physically able to suffer or bear.</def>

<blockquote><b>Patient</b> of severest toil and hardship.
<i>Bp. Fell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Undergoing pains, trails, or the like, without murmuring or fretfulness; bearing up with equanimity against trouble; long-suffering.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Constant in pursuit or exertion; persevering; calmly diligent; <as>as, <ex>patient</ex> endeavor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whatever I have done is due to <b>patient</b> thought.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Expectant with calmness, or without discontent; not hasty; not overeager; composed.</def>

<blockquote>Not <b>patient</b> to expect the turns of fate.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Forbearing; long-suffering.</def>

<blockquote>Be <b>patient</b> toward all men.
<i>1 Thess. v. 14.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Patient</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tient</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>ONe who, or that which, is passively affected; a passive recipient.</def>

<blockquote>Malice is a passion so impetuous and precipitate that often involves the agent and the <b>patient</b>.
<i>Gov. of Tongue.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person under medical or surgical treatment; -- correlative to <i>physician</i> or <i>nurse</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Like a physician, . . . seeing his <b>patient</b> in a pestilent fever.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>In patient</col>, <cd>a patient who receives lodging and food, as treatment, in a hospital or an infirmary.</cd> -- <col>Out patient</col>, <cd>one who receives advice and medicine, or treatment, from an infirmary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Patient</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tient</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To compose, to calm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Patient</i> yourself, madam."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Patiently</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tient*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a patient manner.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Patin, Patine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pat"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pat"ine</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A plate. See <er>Paten</er>.</def> "Inlaid with <i>patines</i> of bright gold."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Patina</h1>
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<hw>Pat"ina</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. L. <ets>patina</ets> a dish, a pan, a kind of cake. Cf. <er>Paten</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A dish or plate of metal or earthenware; a patella.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The color or incrustation which age gives to works of art; especially, the green rust which covers ancient bronzes, coins, and medals.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Patio</h1>
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<hw>Pa"ti*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., a court]</ety> <fld>(Metal)</fld> <def>A paved yard or floor where ores are cleaned and sorted, or where ore, salt, mercury, etc., are trampled by horses, to effect intermixture and amalgamation.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>patioprocess</i> is used to reduce silver ores by amalgamation.</note>

<h1>Patly</h1>
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<hw>Pat"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Fitly; seasonably.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Patness</h1>
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<hw>Pat"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fitness or appropriateness; striking suitableness; convenience.</def>

<blockquote>The description with equal <b>patness</b> may suit both.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Patois</h1>
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<hw>Pa`tois"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A dialect peculiar to the illiterate classes; a provincial form of speech.</def>

<blockquote>The jargon and <b>patois</b> of several provinces.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Patonce</h1>
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<hw>Pa*tonce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>patte d'once</ets> paw of an ounce.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having the arms growing broader and floriated toward the end; -- said of a cross. See <i>Illust</i>. 9 of <er>Cross</er>.</def>

<h1>Patrial</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>patria</ets> fatherland, country, fr. <ets>pater</ets> father.]</ety> <fld>(Lat. Gram.)</fld> <def>Derived from the name of a country, and designating an inhabitant of the country; gentile; -- said of a noun.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A patrial noun. Thus <i>Romanus</i>, a Roman, and <i>Troas</i>, a woman of Troy, are <i>patrial</i> nouns, or <i>patrials</i>.</def></def2>

<i>Andrews.</i>

<h1>Patriarch</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tri*arch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>patriarche</ets>, L. <ets>patriarcha</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ lineage, especially on the father's side, race; <?/ father + <?/ a leader, chief, fr. <?/ to lead, rule. See <er>Father</er>, <er>Archaic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The father and ruler of a family; one who governs his family or descendants by paternal right; -- usually applied to heads of families in ancient history, especially in Biblical and Jewish history to those who lived before the time of Moses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.)</fld> <def>A dignitary superior to the order of archbishops; <as>as, the <ex>patriarch</ex> of Constantinople, of Alexandria, or of Antioch</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A venerable old man; an elder. Also used figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>patriarch</b> hoary, the sage of his kith and the hamlet.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The monarch oak, the <b>partiarch</b> of trees.
<i>Dryde.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Patriarchal</h1>
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<hw>Pa`tri*ar"chal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>patriarcal</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a patriarch or to patriarchs; possessed by, or subject to, patriarchs; <as>as, <ex>patriarchal</ex> authority or jurisdiction; a <ex>patriarchal</ex> see; a <ex>patriarchal</ex> church.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characteristic of a patriarch; venerable.</def>

<blockquote>About whose <b>patriarchal</b> knee
Late the little children clung.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>Having an organization of society and government in which the head of the family exercises authority over all its generations.</def>

<cs><col>Patriarchal cross</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a cross, the shaft of which is intersected by two transverse beams, the upper one being the smaller. See <i>Illust<i>. (2) of <er>Cross</er>.</cd> -- <col>Patriarchal dispensation</col>, <cd>the divine dispensation under which the patriarchs lived before the law given by Moses.</cd></cs>

<h1>Patriarchate</h1>
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<hw>Pa`tri*ar"chate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>patriarcat</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The office, dignity, or jurisdiction of a patriarch.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The residence of an ecclesiastic patriarch.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A patriarchal form of government or society. See <er>Patriarchal</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Patriarchdom</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tri*arch*dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or jurisdiction of a patriarch; patriarchate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Patriarchic</h1>
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<hw>Pa`tri*ar"chic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>patriarchicus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Patriarchal.</def>

<h1>Patriarchism</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tri*arch*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Government by a patriarch, or the head of a family.</def>

<h1>Patriarchship</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tri*arch*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A patriarchate.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Patriarchy</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tri*arch`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The jurisdiction of a patriarch; patriarchship.</def>

<i>Brerewood.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Government by a patriarch; patriarchism.</def>

<h1>Patrician</h1>
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<hw>Pa*tri"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>patricius</ets>, fr. <ets>patres</ets> fathers or senators, pl. of <ets>pater</ets>: cf. F. <ets>patricien</ets>. See <er>Paternal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Roman <i>patres</i> (fathers) or senators, or patricians.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of, pertaining to, or appropriate to, a person of high birth; noble; not plebeian.</def>

<blockquote>Born in the <b>patrician</b> file of society.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His horse's hoofs wet with <b>patrician</b> blood.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Patrician</h1>
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<hw>Pa*tri"cian</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>patricius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>patricien</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>Originally, a member of any of the families constituting the <i>populus Romanus</i>, or body of Roman citizens, before the development of the plebeian order; later, one who, by right of birth or by special privilege conferred, belonged to the nobility.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person of high birth; a nobleman.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One familiar with the works of the Christian Fathers; one versed in patristic lore.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Colridge.</i>

<h1>Patricianism</h1>
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<hw>Pa*tri"cian*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The rank or character of patricians.</def>

<h1>Patriciate</h1>
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<hw>Pa*tri"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The patrician class; the aristocracy; also, the office of patriarch.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Patricidal</h1>
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<hw>Pat*ri"ci`dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to patricide; parricidal.</def>

<h1>Patricide</h1>
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<hw>Pat*ri"cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pater</ets> father + <ets>caedere</ets> to kill. Cf. <er>Parricide</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The murderer of his father.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The crime of one who murders his father. Same as <er>Parricide</er>.</def>

<h1>Patrimonial</h1>
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<hw>Pat`ri*mo"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>patrimonialis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>patrimonial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a patrimony; inherited from ancestors; <as>as, a <ex>patrimonial</ex> estate</as>.</def>

<h1>Patrimonially</h1>
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<hw>Pat`ri*mo"ni*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By inheritance.</def>

<h1>Patrimony</h1>
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<hw>Pat"ri*mo*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Patrimonies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>patrimonium</ets>, fr. <ets>pater</ets> father: cf. F. <ets>patrimoine</ets>. See <er>Paternal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A right or estate inherited from one's father; or, in a larger sense, from any ancestor.</def> "'Reave the orphan of his <i>patrimony</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formerly, a church estate or endowment.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Patriot</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tri*ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>patriote</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>patriota</ets>, It. <ets>patriotto</ets>; all fr. Gr. <?/ a fellow-countryman, fr. <?/ established by forefathers, fr. <?/ father. See <er>Father</er>.]</ety> <def>One who loves his country, and zealously supports its authority and interests.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<blockquote>Such tears as <b>patriots</b> shaed for dying laws.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Patriot</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tri*ot</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Becoming to a patriot; patriotic.</def>

<h1>Patriotic</h1>
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<hw>Pa`tri*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>patriotique</ets>, Gr. <?/ belonging to a fellow-countryman.]</ety> <def>Inspired by patriotism; actuated by love of one's country; zealously and unselfishly devoted to the service of one's country; <as>as, a <ex>patriotic</ex> statesman, vigilance</as>.</def>

<h1>Patriotical</h1>
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<hw>Pa`tri*ot"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Patriotic; that pertains to a patriot.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pa`tri*ot"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Patriotism</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tri*ot*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>patriotisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Love of country; devotion to the welfare of one's country; the virtues and actions of a patriot; the passion which inspires one to serve one's country.</def>

<i>Berkley.</i>

<h1>Patripassian</h1>
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<hw>Pa`tri*pas"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>Patripassiani</ets>, pl.; L. <ets>pater</ets> father + <ets>pati</ets>, <ets>passus</ets>, to suffer: cf. F. <ets>patripassiens</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a body of believers in the early church who denied the independent pre\'89xistent personality of Christ, and who, accordingly, held that the Father suffered in the Son; a monarchian.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pa`tri*pas"sian*ism</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Patrist</h1>
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<hw>Pa"trist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in patristics.</def>

<h1>Patristic, Patristical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pa*tris"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pa*tris"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>patristique</ets>. See <er>Paternal</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Fathers of the Christian church.</def>

<blockquote>The voluminous editor of Jerome anf of tons of <b>patristic</b> theology.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Patristics</h1>
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<hw>Pa*tris"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That departnent of historical theology which treats of the lives and doctrines of the Fathers of the church.</def>

<h1>Patrizate</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tri*zate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>patrissare</ets>, <ets>patrizare</ets>;cf. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To imitate one's father.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Patrocinate</h1>
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<hw>Pa*troc"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>patrocinatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>patrocinari</ets> to patronize, fr. <ets>patronus</ets> patron.]</ety> <def>To support; to patronize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Urquhart.</i>

<h1>Patrocination</h1>
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<hw>Pa*troc`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of patrocinating or patronizing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Patrocinations</i> of treason."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Patrociny</h1>
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<hw>Pa*troc"i*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>patrocinium</ets>.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Patrocination</er>.</def>

<h1>Patrol</h1>
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<hw>Pa*trol"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Patrolled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Patrolling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>patrouiller</ets>, O. & Prov. F. <ets>patrouiller</ets> to paddle, paw about, patrol, fr. <ets>patte</ets> a paw; cf. D. <ets>poot</ets> paw, G. <ets>pfote</ets>, and E. <ets>pat</ets>, v.]</ety> <def>To go the rounds along a chain of sentinels; to traverse a police district or beat.</def>

<h1>Patrol</h1>
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<hw>Pa*trol"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt><def>t To go the rounds of, as a sentry, guard, or policeman; <as>as, to <ex>patrol</ex> a frontier; to <ex>patrol</ex> a beat.</as></def>

<h1>Patrol</h1>
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<hw>Pa*trol"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>patrouille</ets>, OF. <ets>patouille</ets>. See <er>Patrol</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A going of the rounds along the chain of sentinels and between the posts, by a guard, usually consisting of three or four men, to insure greater security from attacks on the outposts.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A movement, by a small body of troops beyond the line of outposts, to explore the country and gain intelligence of the enemy's whereabouts.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The guard or men who go the rounds for observation; a detachment whose duty it is to patrol.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any perambulation of a particular line or district to guard it; also, the men thus guarding; <as>as, a customs <ex>patrol</ex>; a fire <ex>patrol</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>In France there is an army of <b>patrols</b> to secure her fiscal regulations.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Patrole</h1>
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<hw>Pa*trole"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Patrol</er>, <tt>n. & v.</tt></def>

<h1>Patrolman</h1>
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<hw>Pa*trol"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Patrolmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who patrols; a watchman; especially, a policeman who patrols a particular precinct of a town or city.</def>

<h1>Patron</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>patronus</ets>, fr. <ets>pater</ets> a father. See <er>Paternal</er>, and cf. <er>Patroon</er>, <er>Padrone</er>, <er>Pattern</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who protects, supports, or countenances; a defender.</def> "<i>Patron</i> of my life and liberty." <i>Shak.</i> "The <i>patron</i> of true holiness." <i>Spenser</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A master who had freed his slave, but still retained some paternal rights over him.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A man of distinction under whose protection another person placed himself.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An advocate or pleader.</def>

<blockquote>Let him who works the client wrong
Beware the <b>patron</b>'s ire.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who encourages or helps a person, a cause, or a work; a furtherer; a promoter; <as>as, a <ex>patron</ex> of art</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>One who has gift and disposition of a benefice.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A guardian saint. -- called also <altname>patron saint</altname>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Padrone</er>, 2.</def>

<cs><col>Patrons of Husbandry</col>, <cd>the grangers. See <er>Granger</er>, 2.</cd></cs>

<h1>Patron</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tron</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To be a patron of; to patronize; to favor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Patron</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tron</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Doing the duty of a patron; giving aid or protection; tutelary.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<cs><col>Patron saint</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>a saint regarded as the peculiar protector of a country, community, church, profession, etc., or of an individual.</cd></cs>

<h1>Patronage</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tron*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>patronage</ets>. Cf. LL. <ets>patronaticum</ets>, and L. <ets>patronatus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Special countenance or support; favor, encouragement, or aid, afforded to a person or a work; <as>as, the <ex>patronage</ex> of letters; <ex>patronage</ex> given to an author.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Business custom.</def> <mark>[Commercial Cant]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary care.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The right of nomination to political office; also, the offices, contracts, honors, etc., which a public officer may bestow by favor.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The right of presentation to church or ecclesiastical benefice; advowson.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Patronage</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tron*age</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To act as a patron of; to maintain; to defend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Patronal</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tron*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>patronalis</ets>; cf. F. <ets>patronal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Patron; protecting; favoring.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Patronate</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tron*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>patronatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>The right or duty of a patron; patronage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Westm. Rev.</i>

<h1>Patroness</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tron*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>patronnesse</ets>.]</ety> <def>A female patron or helper.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Night, best <b>patroness</b> of grief.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Patronization</h1>
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<hw>Pa`tron*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of patronizing; patronage; support.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Patronize</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tron*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Patronized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Patronizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To act as patron toward; to support; to countenance; to favor; to aid.</def>

<blockquote>The idea has been <b>patronized</b> by two States only.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To trade with customarily; to frequent as a customer.</def> <mark>[Commercial Cant]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To assume the air of a patron, or of a superior and protector, toward; -- used in an unfavorable sense; <as>as, to <ex>patronize</ex> one's equals</as>.</def>

<h1>Patronizer</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tron*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who patronizes.</def>

<h1>Patronizing</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tron*i`zing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Showing condescending favor; assuming the manner of airs of a superior toward another.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pat"ron*i`zing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <tt>Thackeray.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Patronless</h1>
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<hw>Pa"tron*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of a patron.</def>

<h1>Patronomayology</h1>
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<hw>Pa`tro*nom`a*yol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a father + E. <ets>onomatology</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of knowledge which deals with personal names and their origin; the study of patronymics.</def>

<h1>Patronymic</h1>
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<hw>Pa`tro*nym"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>patronymicus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ father + <?/ name: cf. F. <ets>patronymique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Derived from ancestors; <as>as, a <ex>patronymic</ex> denomination</as>.</def>

<h1>Patronymic</h1>
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<hw>Pa`tro*nym"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A modification of the father's name borne by the son; a name derived from that of a parent or ancestor; <as>as, <i>Pelides</i>, the son of Peleus; <i>Johnson</i>, the son of John; <i>Macdonald</i>, the son of Donald; <i>Paulowitz</i>, the son of Paul</as>; also, the surname of a family; the family name.</def>

<i>M. A. Lower.</i>

<h1>Patronymical</h1>
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<hw>Pa`tro*nym"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Patronymic</er>.</def>

<h1>Patroon</h1>
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<hw>Pa*troon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>patroon</ets> a patron, a protector. See <er>Patron</er>.]</ety> <def>One of the proprietors of certain tracts of land with manorial privileges and right of entail, under the old Dutch governments of New York and New Jersey.</def>

<h1>Patroonship</h1>
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<hw>Pa*troon"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a patroon.</def>

<i>Irving.</i>

<h1>Patt\'82, Pattee</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pat`t\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pat*tee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>patt\'82</ets>, fem. <ets>patt\'82e</ets>, fr. <ets>patte</ets> paw, foot. Cf. <er>Patten</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Narrow at the inner, and very broad at the other, end, or having its arms of that shape; -- said of a cross. See <i>Illust</i>. (8) of <er>Cross</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pat\'82</asp>, <asp>patee</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pattemar</h1>
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<hw>Pat"te*mar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Patamar</er>.</def>

<h1>Patten</h1>
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<hw>Pat"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>patin</ets> a high-heeled shoe, fr. <ets>patte</ets> paw, foot. Cf. <er>Panton</er>, <er>Patt\'82</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A clog or sole of wood, usually supported by an iron ring, worn to raise the feet from the wet or the mud.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>patten</b> now supports each frugal dame.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stilt.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Pattened</h1>
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<hw>Pat"ten*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing pattens.</def> "Some <i>pattened</i> girl."

<i>Jane Austen.</i>

<h1>Patter</h1>
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<hw>Pat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pattered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pattering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. of <ets>pat</ets> to strike gently.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike with a quick succession of slight, sharp sounds; <as>as, <ex>pattering</ex> rain or hail; <ex>pattering</ex> feet.</as></def>

<blockquote>The stealing shower is scarce to <b>patter</b> heard.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mutter; to mumble; <as>as, to <ex>patter</ex> with the lips</as>.</def> <i>Tyndale</i>. <ety>[In this sense, and in the following, perh. from <ets>pater</ets>noster.]</ety>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To talk glibly; to chatter; to harangue.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>I've gone out and <b>pattered</b> to get money.
<i>Mayhew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Patter</h1>
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<hw>Pat"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To spatter; to sprinkle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "And <i>patter</i> the water about the boat."

<i>J. R. Drake.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[See <er>Patter</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, 2.]</ety> <def>To mutter; as prayers.</def>

<blockquote>[The hooded clouds] <b>patter</b> their doleful prayers.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To patter flash</col>, <cd>to talk in thieves' cant. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Patter</h1>
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<hw>Pat"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A quick succession of slight sounds; <as>as, the <ex>patter</ex> of rain; the <ex>patter</ex> of little feet.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Glib and rapid speech; a voluble harangue.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The cant of a class; patois; <as>as, thieves's <ex>patter</ex>; gypsies' <ex>patter</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Patterer</h1>
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<hw>Pat"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who patters, or talks glibly; specifically, a street peddler.</def> <mark>[Cant, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Pattern</h1>
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<hw>Pat"tern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>patron</ets>, F. <ets>patron</ets>, a patron, also, a pattern. See <er>Patron</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything proposed for imitation; an archetype; an exemplar; that which is to be, or is worthy to be, copied or imitated; <as>as, a <ex>pattern</ex> of a machine</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I will be the <b>pattern</b> of all patience.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A part showing the figure or quality of the whole; a specimen; a sample; an example; an instance.</def>

<blockquote>He compares the <b>pattern</b> with the whole piece.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Stuff sufficient for a garment; <as>as, a dress <ex>pattern</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Figure or style of decoration; design; <as>as, wall paper of a beautiful <ex>pattern</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Something made after a model; a copy.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>patterns</b> of things in the heavens.
<i>Heb. ix. 23.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Anything cut or formed to serve as a guide to cutting or forming objects; <as>as, a dressmaker's <ex>pattern</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A full-sized model around which a mold of sand is made, to receive the melted metal. It is usually made of wood and in several parts, so as to be removed from the mold without injuring it.</def>

<-- a definable characteristic relationship between the members of any set of objects or actions; also, the set having a definable relationship between its members.

  Thus: the distribution of bomb or shell impacts on a target area, or of bullet holes in a target; a set of traits or actions that appear to be consistent throughout the members of a group or over time within a group, as behavioral pattern, traffic pattern, dress pattern -->

<cs><mcol><col>Pattern box</col>, <col>chain</col>, &or; <col>cylinder</col></mcol> <fld>(Figure Weaving)</fld>, <cd>devices, in a loom, for presenting several shuttles to the picker in the proper succession for forming the figure.</cd> -- <col>Pattern card</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A set of samples on a card</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <cd>One of the perforated cards in a Jacquard apparatus.</cd> -- <col>Pattern reader</col>, <cd>one who arranges textile patterns.</cd> -- <col>Pattern wheel</col> <fld>(Horology)</fld>, <cd>a count-wheel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pattern</h1>
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<hw>Pat"tern</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Patterned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Patterning</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make or design (anything) by, from, or after, something that serves as a pattern; to copy; to model; to imitate.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>[A temple] <b>patterned</b> from that which Adam reared in Paradise.
<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To serve as an example for; also, to parallel.</def>

<cs><col>To pattern after</col>, <cd>to imitate; to follow.</cd></cs>

<h1>Patty</h1>
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<hw>Pat"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Patties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>p\'83t\'82</ets>. See <er>Pasty</er>.]</ety> <def>A little pie.</def>

<h1>Pattypan</h1>
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<hw>Pat"ty*pan`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pan for baking patties.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A patty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Patulous</h1>
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<hw>Pat"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>patulus</ets>, fr. <ets>patere</ets> to be open, extend.]</ety> <def>Open; expanded; slightly spreading; having the parts loose or dispersed; <as>as, a <ex>patulous</ex> calyx; a <ex>patulous</ex> cluster of flowers.</as></def>

<blockquote>The eyes are large and <b>patulous</b>.
<i>Sir J. Hill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pau</h1>
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<hw>Pau</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pah</er>.</def>

<h1>Pauciloquent</h1>
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<hw>Pau*cil"o*quent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Uttering few words; brief in speech.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pauciloquy</h1>
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<hw>Pau*cil"o*quy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pauciloquium</ets>; <ets>paucus</ets> little + <ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>Brevity in speech.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Paucispiral</h1>
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<hw>Pau`ci*spi"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paucus</ets> few + E. <ets>spiral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having few spirals, or whorls; <as>as, a <ex>paucispiral</ex> operculum or shell</as>.</def>

<h1>Paucity</h1>
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<hw>Pau"ci*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paucitas</ets>, fr. <ets>paucus</ets> few, little: cf. F. <ets>paucit\'82</ets> See <er>Few</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fewness; smallness of number; scarcity.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<blockquote>Revelation denies it by the stern reserve, the <b>paucity</b>, and the incompleteness, of its communications.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Smallnes of quantity; exiguity; insufficiency; <as>as, <ex>paucity</ex> of blood</as>.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Paugie, Paugy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pau"gie</hw>, <hw>Pau"gy</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Paugies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Corrupted from Amer. Indian <ets>mishcuppauog</ets>. See <er>Scup</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The scup. See <er>Porgy</er>, and <er>Scup</er>.</def>

<h1>Pauhaugen</h1>
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<hw>Pau*hau"gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[North Amer. Indian.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The menhaden; -- called also <altname>poghaden</altname>.</def>

<h1>Paul</h1>
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<hw>Paul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pawl</er>.</def>

<h1>Paul</h1>
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<hw>Paul</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An Italian silver coin. See <er>Paolo</er>.</def>

<h1>Pauldron</h1>
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<hw>Paul"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Powldron</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A piece of armor covering the shoulder at the junction of the body piece and arm piece.</def>

<h1>Paulian, Paulianist</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pau"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pau"li*an*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of <i>Paul</i> of Samosata, a bishop of Antioch in the third century, who was deposed for denying the divinity of Christ.</def>

<h1>Paulician</h1>
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<hw>Pau"li*cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of Christian dualists originating in Armenia in the seventh century. They rejected the Old Testament and the part of the New.</def>

<hr>
<page="1053">
Page 1053<p>

<h1>Paulin</h1>
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<hw>Pau"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Tarpaulin</er>.</def>

<h1>Pauline</h1>
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<hw>Pau"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Paulinus</ets>, fr. <ets>Paulus</ets> Paul.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the apostle Paul, or his writings; resembling, or conforming to, the writings of Paul; <as>as, the <ex>Pauline</ex> epistles; <ex>Pauline</ex> doctrine.</as></def>

<blockquote>My religion had always been <b>Pauline</b>.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paulist</h1>
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<hw>Paul"ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A member of The Institute of the Missionary Priests of St. Paul the Apostle, founded in 1858 by the Rev. I. T. Hecker of New York. The majority of the members were formerly Protestants.</def>

<h1>Paulownia</h1>
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<hw>Pau*low"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. So named from the Russian princess Anna <ets>Pavlovna</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees of the order <spn>Scrophulariace\'91</spn>, consisting of one species, <spn>Paulownia imperialis</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; The tree is native to Japan, and has immense heart-shaped leaves, and large purplish flowers in panicles. The capsules contain many little winged seeds, which are beautiful microscopic objects. The tree is hardy in America as far north as Connecticut.</note>

<h1>Paum</h1>
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<hw>Paum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Palm</er> to cheat.]</ety> <def>To palm off by fraud; to cheat at cards.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Paunce</h1>
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<hw>Paunce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pansy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pansy.</def> "The pretty <i>paunce</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Paunch</h1>
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<hw>Paunch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>panch</ets>, <ets>pance</ets>, F. <ets>panse</ets>, L. <ets>pantex</ets>, <ets>panticis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The belly and its contents; the abdomen; also, the first stomach, or rumen, of ruminants. See <er>Rumen</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A paunch mat; -- called also <altname>panch</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The thickened rim of a bell, struck by the clapper.</def>

<cs><col>Paunch mat</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a thick mat made of strands of rope, used to prevent the yard or rigging from chafing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Paunch</h1>
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<hw>Paunch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Paunched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Paunching</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pierce or rip the belly of; to eviscerate; to disembowel.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stuff with food.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Paunchy</h1>
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<hw>Paunch"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pot-bellied.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Paune</h1>
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<hw>Paune</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of bread. See <er>Pone</er>.</def>

<h1>Pauper</h1>
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<hw>Pau"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Poor</er>.]</ety> <def>A poor person; especially, one development on private or public charity. Also used adjectively; <as>as, <ex>pouper</ex> immigrants, <ex>pouper</ex> labor</as>.</def>

<h1>Pauperism</h1>
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<hw>Pau"per*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>paup\'82risme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being a pauper; the state of indigent persons requiring support from the community.</def>

<i>Whatly.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Poverty; indigence; penury; want; need; destitution. See <er>Poverty</er>.</syn>

<h1>Pauperization</h1>
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<hw>Pau`per*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of reducing to pauperism.</def>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Pauperize</h1>
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<hw>Pau"per*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pauperized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pauperizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To reduce to pauperism; <as>as, to <ex>pauperize</ex> the peasantry</as>.</def>

<h1>Pauropoda</h1>
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<hw>Pau*rop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ small + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of small myriapods having only nine pairs of legs and destitute of trache\'91.</def>

<h1>Pause</h1>
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<hw>Pause</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>pausa</ets>. See <er>Pose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A temporary stop or rest; an intermission of action; interruption; suspension; cessation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Temporary inaction or waiting; hesitation; suspence; doubt.</def>

<blockquote>I stand in <b>pause</b> where I shall first begin.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In speaking or reading aloud, a brief arrest or suspension of voice, to indicate the limits and relations of sentences and their parts.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In writing and printing, a mark indicating the place and nature of an arrest of voice in reading; a punctuation point; <as>as, teach the pupil to mind the <ex>pauses</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A break or paragraph in writing.</def>

<blockquote>He writes with warmth, which usually neglects method, and those partitions and <b>pauses</b> which men educated in schools observe.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A hold. See 4th <er>Hold</er>, 7.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Stop; cessation; suspension.</syn>

<h1>Pause</h1>
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<hw>Pause</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Paused</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pausing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pauser</ets>, L. <ets>pausare</ets>. See <er>Pause</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Pose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a short stop; to cease for a time; to intermit speaking or acting; to stop; to wait; to rest.</def> "Tarry, <i>pause</i> a day or two."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote><b>Pausing</b> while, thus to herself she mused.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be intermitted; to cease; <as>as, the music <ex>pauses</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To hesitate; to hold back; to delay.</def> <rj><mark>[R.]</mark></rj>

<blockquote>Why doth the Jew <b>pause</b>? Take thy forfeiture.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
<-- is this anti-semitic or what? -->

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To stop in order to consider; hence, to consider; to reflect.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Take time to <i>pause</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>To pause upon</col>, <cd>to deliberate concerning.</cd>

<i>Shak.</i></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To intermit; stop; stay; wait; delay; tarry; hesitate; demur.</syn>

<h1>Pause</h1>
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<hw>Pause</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to stop or rest; -- used reflexively.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pauser</h1>
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<hw>Paus"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pauses.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pausingly</h1>
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<hw>Paus"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With pauses; haltingly.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pauxi</h1>
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<hw>Paux"i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native name: cf. Sp. <ets>pauji</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A curassow (<spn>Ourax pauxi</spn>), which, in South America, is often domesticated.</def>

<h1>Pavage</h1>
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<hw>Pav"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pavage</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Pavage</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pavan</h1>
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<hw>Pav"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pavane</ets>; cf. It. & Sp. <ets>pavana</ets>, and Sp. <ets>pavon</ets>, <ets>pavo</ets>, a peacock, L. <ets>pavo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A stately and formal Spanish dance for which full state costume is worn; -- so called from the resemblance of its movements to those of the peacock.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pavane</asp>, <asp>paven</asp>, <asp>pavian</asp>, and <asp>pavin</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pav\'82</h1>
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<hw>Pa`v\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from <ets>paver</ets> to pave. See <er>Pave</er>.]</ety> <def>The pavement.</def>

<cs><col>Nymphe du pav\'82</col><cd> (<?/), a prostitute who solicits in the street. <mark>[A low euphemism.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Pave</h1>
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<hw>Pave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Paved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Paving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>paver</ets> to pave, LL. <ets>pavare</ets>, from L. <ets>pavire</ets> to beat, ram, or tread down; cf. Gr. <?/ to beat, strike.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay or cover with stone, brick, or other material, so as to make a firm, level, or convenient surface for horses, carriages, or persons on foot, to travel on; to floor with brick, stone, or other solid material; <as>as, to <ex>pave</ex> a street; to <ex>pave</ex> a court.</as></def><-- for vehicles -->

<blockquote>With silver <b>paved</b>, and all divine with gold.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>pave</b> thy realm, and smooth the broken ways.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To make smooth, easy, and safe; to prepare, as a path or way; <as>as, to <ex>pave</ex> the way to promotion; to <ex>pave</ex> the way for an enterprise.</as></def>

<blockquote>It might open and <b>pave</b> a prepared way to his own title.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pavement</h1>
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<hw>Pave"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>pavamentum</ets>, L. <ets>pavimentum</ets>. See <er>Pave</er>.]</ety> <def>That with which anythingis paved; a floor or covering of solid material, laid so as to make a hard and convenient surface for travel; a paved road or sidewalk; a decorative interior floor of tiles or colored bricks.</def>

<blockquote>The riches of heaven's <b>pavement</b>, trodden gold.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Pavement teeth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>flattened teeth which in certain fishes, as the skates and cestracionts, are arranged side by side, like tiles in a pavement.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pavement</h1>
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<hw>Pave"ment</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with a pavement; to pave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "How richly <i>pavemented</i>!"

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Paven</h1>
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<hw>Pav"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pavan</er>.</def>

<h1>Paver</h1>
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<hw>Pav"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who paves; one who lays a pavement.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pavier</asp> and <asp>pavior</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pavesade</h1>
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<hw>Pav`e*sade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Pavise</er>.]</ety> <def>A canvas screen, formerly sometimes extended along the side of a vessel in a naval engagement, to conceal from the enemy the operations on board.</def>

<h1>Pavese, Pavesse</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pa*vese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pa*vesse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pavise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Paviage</h1>
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<hw>Pa"vi*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A contribution or a tax for paving streets or highways.</def>

<i>Bouvier</i>.

<h1>Pavian</h1>
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<hw>Pav"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, n. See Pavan.</def>

<h1>Pavid</h1>
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<hw>Pav"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. pavidus, from pavere to be afraid.]</ety> <def>Timid; fearful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thackeray</i>.

<h1>Pavidity</h1>
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<hw>Pa*vid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Timidity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pavier</h1>
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<hw>Pav"ier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A paver.</def>

<h1>Paviiv</h1>
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<hw>Pa"vi*iv</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside found in species of the genus <spn>Pavia</spn> of the Horse-chestnut family.</def>

<h1>Pavilion</h1>
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<hw>Pa*vil"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pavillon</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pavilio</ets> a butterfly, also, a tent, because spread out like a butterfly's wings.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A temporary movable habitation; a large tent; a marquee; esp., a tent raised on posts.</def> "[The] Greeks do pitch their brave <i>pavilions</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A single body or mass of building, contained within simple walls and a single roof, whether insulated, as in the park or garden of a larger edifice, or united with other parts, and forming an angle or central feature of a large pile.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A flag, colors, ensign, or banner.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Tent</er> <fld>(Her.)</fld></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That part of a brilliant which lies between the girdle and collet. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Brilliant</er>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The auricle of the ear; also, the fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian tube.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A covering; a canopy; figuratively, the sky.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>pavilion</b> of heaven is bare.
<i>Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pavilion</h1>
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<hw>Pa*vil"ion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pavilioned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pavilioning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To furnish or cover with, or shelter in, a tent or tents.</def>

<blockquote>The field <b>pavilioned</b> with his guardians bright.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pavin</h1>
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<hw>Pav"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pavan</er>.</def>

<h1>Paving</h1>
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<hw>Pav"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of laying a pavement, or covering some place with a pavement.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pavement.</def>

<h1>Pavior</h1>
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<hw>Pav"ior</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who paves; a paver.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rammer for driving paving stones.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A brick or slab used for paving.</def>

<h1>Pavise</h1>
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<hw>Pa*vise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pavaix</ets>, F. <ets>pavois</ets>; cf. It. <ets>pavese</ets>, LL. <ets>pavense</ets>; perh. named from <ets>Pavia</ets> in Italy.]</ety> <fld>(Mil. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A large shield covering the whole body, carried by a pavisor, who sometimes screened also an archer with it.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pavais</asp>, <asp>pavese</asp>, and <asp>pavesse</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Pavisor</h1>
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<hw>Pa*vis"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A soldier who carried a pavise.</def>

<h1>Pavo</h1>
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<hw>Pa"vo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a peacock. See <er>Peacock</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of birds, including the peacocks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The Peacock, a constellation of the southern hemisphere.</def>

<h1>Pavon</h1>
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<hw>Pa"von</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small triangular flag, esp. one attached to a knight's lance; a pennon.</def>

<h1>Pavone</h1>
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<hw>Pa*vone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>pavone</ets>, Sp. <ets>pavon</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pavo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A peacock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Pavonian</h1>
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<hw>Pa*vo"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a peacock.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Pavonine</h1>
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<hw>Pav"o*nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pavoninus</ets>, fr. <ets>pavo</ets> a peacock. See <er>Peacock</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like, or pertaining to, the genus Pavo.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characteristic of a peacock; resembling the tail of a peacock, as in colors; iridescent.</def>

<i>P. Cleaveland.</i>

<h1>Paw</h1>
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<hw>Paw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pawe</ets>, <ets>poue</ets>, OF. <ets>poe</ets>: cf. <ets>patte</ets>, LG. <ets>pote</ets>, D. <ets>poot</ets>, G. <ets>pfote</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The foot of a quadruped having claws, as the lion, dog, cat, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The hand.</def> <mark>[Jocose]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<cs><col>Paw clam</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the tridacna; -- so called because shaped like an animal's <i>paw<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Paw</h1>
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<hw>Paw</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To draw the forefoot along the ground; to beat or scrape with the forefoot.</def>

<i>Job xxxix. 21.</i>

<h1>Paw</h1>
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<hw>Paw</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pawed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pawing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pass the paw over; to stroke or handle with the paws; hence, to handle fondly or rudely.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To scrape or beat with the forefoot.</def>

<blockquote>His hot courser <b>pawed</b> the Hungarian plane.
<i>Tickell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pawk</h1>
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<hw>Pawk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small lobster.</def>

<i>Travis.</i>

<h1>Pawky</h1>
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<hw>Paw"ky</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>p\'91cean</ets> to deceive.]</ety> <def>Arch; cunning; sly.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Pawl</h1>
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<hw>Pawl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>pawl</ets> a pole, a stake. Cf. <er>Pole</er> a stake.]</ety> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A pivoted tongue, or sliding bolt, on one part of a machine, adapted to fall into notches, or interdental spaces, on another part, as a ratchet wheel, in such a manner as to permit motion in one direction and prevent it in the reverse, as in a windlass; a catch, click, or detent. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Ratchet Wheel</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>paul</asp>, or <asp>pall</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Pawl bitt</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a heavy timber, set abaft the windlass, to receive the strain of the pawls.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Pawl rim</col> &or; <col>ring</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a stationary metallic ring surrounding the base of a capstan, having notches for the pawls to catch in.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pawl</h1>
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<hw>Pawl</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To stop with a pawl; to drop the pawls off.</def>

<cs><col>To pawl the capstan</col>. <cd>See under <er>Capstan</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pawn</h1>
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<hw>Pawn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pan</er>, the masticatory.</def>

<h1>Pawn</h1>
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<hw>Pawn</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>paune</ets>, <ets>poun</ets>, OF. <ets>peon</ets>, <ets>poon</ets>, F. <ets>pion</ets>, LL. <ets>pedo</ets> a foot soldier, fr. L. <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot. See <er>Foot</er>, and cf. <er>Pioneer</er>, <er>Peon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chess)</fld> <def>A man or piece of the lowest rank.</def>

<h1>Pawn</h1>
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<hw>Pawn</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pan</ets> pledge, assurance, skirt, piece, F. <ets>pan</ets> skirt, lappet, piece, from L. <ets>pannus</ets>. See <er>Pane</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything delivered or deposited as security, as for the payment of money borrowed, or of a debt; a pledge. See <er>Pledge</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</def>

<blockquote>As for mortgaging or pawning, . . . men will not take <b>pawns</b> without use [<it>i.e.</it>, interest].
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>State of being pledged; a pledge for the fulfillment of a promise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Redeem from broking <b>pawn</b> the blemish'd crown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As the morning dew is a <b>pawn</b> of the evening fatness.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A stake hazarded in a wager.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>My life I never held but as a <b>pawn</b>
To wage against thy enemies.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>In pawn</col>, <col>At pawn</col></mcol>, <cd>in the state of being pledged. "Sweet wife, my honor is <i>at pawn<i>." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Pawn ticket</col>, <cd>a receipt given by the pawnbroker for an article pledged.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pawn</h1>
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<hw>Pawn</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pawned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pawning</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give or deposit in pledge, or as security for the payment of money borrowed; to put in pawn; to pledge; <as>as, to <ex>pawn</ex> one's watch</as>.</def><-- = to hock (colloq.) -->

<blockquote>And <b>pawned</b> the last remaining piece of plate.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pledge for the fulfillment of a promise; to stake; to risk; to wager; to hazard.</def>

<blockquote><b>Pawning</b> his honor to obtain his lust.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pawnable</h1>
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<hw>Pawna*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being pawned.</def>

<h1>Pawnbroker</h1>
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<hw>Pawn"bro`ker</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes a business of lending money on the security of personal property pledged or deposited in his keeping.</def>

<h1>Pawnbroking</h1>
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<hw>Pawn"bro`king</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The business of a pawnbroker.</def>

<h1>Pawnee</h1>
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<hw>Pawn*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One or two whom a pledge is delivered as security; one who takes anything in pawn.</def>

<h1>Pawnees</h1>
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<hw>Paw`nees"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Pawnee</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians (called also <altname>Loups</altname>) who formerly occupied the region of the Platte river, but now live mostly in the Indian Territory. The term is often used in a wider sense to include also the related tribes of Rickarees and Wichitas. Called also <altname>Pani</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pawner, Pawnor</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pawn"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pawn*or"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who pawns or pledges anything as security for the payment of borrowed money or of a debt.</def>

<h1>Pawpaw</h1>
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<hw>Paw`paw"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Papaw</er>.</def>

<h1>Pax</h1>
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<hw>Pax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pax</ets> peace. See <er>Peace</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The kiss of peace; also, the embrace in the sanctuary now substituted for it at High Mass in Roman Catholic churches.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A tablet or board, on which is a representation of Christ, of the Virgin Mary, or of some saint and which, in the Mass, was kissed by the priest and then by the people, in medi\'91val times; an osculatory. It is still used in communities, confraternities, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Kiss the <b>pax</b>, and be quiet like your neighbors.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Paxillose</h1>
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<hw>Pax"il*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>paxillus</ets> a small stake.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Resembling a little stake.</def>

<h1>Paxillus</h1>
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<hw>Pax*il"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Paxilli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a peg.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a peculiar kind of spines covering the surface of certain starfishes. They are pillarlike, with a flattened summit which is covered with minute spinules or granules. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Paxwax</h1>
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<hw>Pax"wax`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>faxvax</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>fea<?/</ets> hair (akin to OHG. <ets>fahs</ets>) + <ets>weaxan</ets> to grow. See <er>Wax</er> to grow, and cf. <er>Faxed</er>, <er>Pectinate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The strong ligament of the back of the neck in quadrupeds. It connects the back of the skull with dorsal spines of the cervical vertebr\'91, and helps to support the head. Called also <altname>paxywaxy</altname> and <altname>packwax</altname>.</def>

<h1>Paxywaxy</h1>
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<hw>Pax"y*wax`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Paxwax</er>.</def>

<h1>Pay</h1>
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<hw>Pay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>peier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>picare</ets> to pitch, <ets>i<?/</ets> pitch: cf. OF. <ets>peiz</ets> pitch, F. <ets>poix</ets>. See <er>Pitch</er> a black substance.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To cover, as bottom of a vessel, a seam, a spar, etc., with tar or pitch, or waterproof composition of tallow, resin, etc.; to smear.</def>

<h1>Pay</h1>
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<hw>Pay</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Paid</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Paying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>paien</ets>, F. <ets>payer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pacare</ets> to pacify, appease, fr. <ets>pax</ets>, <ets>pacis</ets>, peace. See <er>Peace</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To satisfy, or content; specifically, to satisfy (another person) for service rendered, property delivered, etc.; to discharge one's obligation to; to make due return to; to compensate; to remunerate; to recompense; to requite; <as>as, to <ex>pay</ex> workmen or servants</as>.</def>

<blockquote>May no penny ale them <b>pay</b> [<it>i. e.</it>, satisfy].
<i>P. Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[She] <b>pays</b> me with disdain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, figuratively: To compensate justly; to requite according to merit; to reward; to punish; to retort or retaliate upon.</def>

<blockquote>For which, or pay me quickly, or I'll <b>pay</b> you.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To discharge, as a debt, demand, or obligation, by giving or doing what is due or required; to deliver the amount or value of to the person to whom it is owing; to discharge a debt by delivering (money owed).</def> "<i>Pay</i> me that thou owest."

<i>Matt. xviii. 28.</i>

<blockquote>Have patience with me, and I will <b>pay</b> thee all.
<i>Matt. xviii. 26.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If they <b>pay</b> this tax, they starve.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To discharge or fulfill, as a duy; to perform or render duty, as that which has been promised.</def>

<blockquote>This day have I <b>paid</b> my vows.
<i>Prov. vii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To give or offer, without an implied obligation; <as>as, to <ex>pay</ex> attention; to <ex>pay</ex> a visit.</as></def>

<blockquote>Not <b>paying</b> me a welcome.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To pay off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To make compensation to and discharge; <as>as, <ex>to pay off<ex> the crew of a ship</as></cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To allow (a thread, cord, etc.) to run off; to unwind.</cd> -- <col>To pay one's duty</col>, <cd>to render homage, as to a sovereign or other superior.</cd> -- <col>To pay out</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to pass out; hence, to slacken; to allow to run out; <as>as, <ex>to pay out<ex> more cable.</as>  See under <er>Cable</er>.</cd> -- <col>To pay the piper</col>, <cd>to bear the cost, expense, or trouble.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Pay</h1>
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<hw>Pay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To give a recompense; to make payment, requital, or satisfaction; to discharge a debt.</def>

<blockquote>The wicked borroweth, and <b>payeth</b> not again.
<i>Ps. xxxvii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to make or secure suitable return for expense or trouble; to be remunerative or profitable; to be worth the effort or pains required; <as>as, it will <ex>pay</ex> to ride; it will <ex>pay</ex> to wait; politeness always <ex>pays</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>To pay for</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To make amends for; to atone for; <as>as, men often <ex>pay for<ex> their mistakes with loss of property or reputation, sometimes with life</as></cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To give an equivalent for; to bear the expense of; to be mulcted on account of.</cd>

<blockquote>'T was I <b>paid for</b> your sleeps; I watched your wakings.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To pay off</col>. <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To fall to leeward, as the head of a vessel under sail.</cd> -- <col>To pay on</col>. <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <cd>To beat with vigor; to redouble blows.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To pay round</col> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To turn the ship's head.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pay</h1>
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<hw>Pay</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Satisfaction; content.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An equivalent or return for money due, goods purchased, or services performed; salary or wages for work or service; compensation; recompense; payment; hire; <as>as, the <ex>pay</ex> of a clerk; the <ex>pay</ex> of a soldier.</as></def>

<blockquote>Where only merit constant <b>pay</b> receives.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is neither <b>pay</b> nor plunder to be got.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Full pay</col>, <cd>the whole amount of wages or salary; maximum pay; especially, the highest pay or allowance to civil or military officers of a certain rank, without deductions.</cd> -- <col>Half pay</col>. <cd>See under <er>Half</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pay day</col>, <cd>the day of settlement of accounts.</cd> -- <col>Pay dirt</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>earth which yields a profit to the miner.</cd> <mark>[Western U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Pay office</col></mcol>, <cd>a place where payment is made.</cd> -- <col>Pay roll</col>, <cd>a roll or list of persons entitled to payment, with the amounts due.</cd></cs><-- (b) the total sum of money which is paid to all employees on payday -->

<h1>Payable</h1>
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<hw>Pay"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>payable</ets>. Cf. <er>Pacable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That may, can, or should be paid; suitable to be paid; justly due.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<blockquote>Thanks are a tribute <b>payable</b> by the poorest.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That may be discharged or settled by delivery of value.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Matured; now due.</def>

<h1>Payee</h1>
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<hw>Pay*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The person to whom money is to be, or has been, paid; the person named in a bill or note, to whom, or to whose order, the amount is promised or directed to be paid. See <cref>Bill of exchange</cref>, under <er>Bill</er>.</def>

<h1>Payen</h1>
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<hw>Pay"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <def>Pagan. <ety>[F.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Payer</h1>
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<hw>Pay"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pays; specifically, the person by whom a bill or note has been, or should be, paid.</def>

<h1>Paymaster</h1>
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<hw>Pay"mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pays; one who compensates, rewards, or requites; specifically, an officer or agent of a government, a corporation, or an employer, whose duty it is to pay salaries, wages, etc., and keep account of the same.</def>

<h1>Payment</h1>
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<hw>Pay"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>payment</ets>, <ets>paiement</ets>. See <er>Pay</er> to requite.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of paying, or giving compensation; the discharge of a debt or an obligation.</def>

<blockquote>No man envieth the <b>payment</b> of a debt.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is paid; the thing given in discharge of a debt, or an obligation, or in fulfillment of a promise; reward; recompense; requital; return.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Punishment; chastisement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Payn</h1>
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<hw>Payn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. & F. <ets>pain</ets>, fr. L. <ets>panis</ets> bread.]</ety> <def>Bread. Having</def>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Payndemain</h1>
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<hw>Payn`de*main"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pain</ets> bread + <ets>demaine</ets> manorial, lordly, own, private. See <er>Payn</er>, and <er>Demesne</er>. Said to be so called from the figure of our Lord impressed upon it.]</ety> <def>The finest and whitest bread made in the Middle Ages; -- called also <altname>paynemain</altname>, <altname>payman</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Paynim</h1>
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<hw>Pay"nim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n & a.</tt> <def>See <er>Painim</er>.</def>

<h1>Paynize</h1>
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<hw>Payn"ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From Mr. <ets>Payne</ets>, the inventor.]</ety> <def>To treat or preserve, as wood, by a process resembling kyanizing.</def>

<h1>Payor</h1>
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<hw>Pay*or"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Payer</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Payse</h1>
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<hw>Payse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To poise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Paytine</h1>
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<hw>Pay"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid obtained from a white bark resembling that of the cinchona, first brought from <i>Payta</i>, in Peru.</def>

<h1>Pea</h1>
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<hw>Pea</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>peis</ets>. See <er>Poise</er>.]</ety> <def>The sliding weight on a steelyard.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pee</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pea</h1>
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<hw>Pea</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Peak</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Pea</h1>
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<hw>Pea</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Peas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> or <plw>Pease</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>pese</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>pisa</ets>, or OF. <ets>peis</ets>, F. <ets>pois</ets>; both fr. L. <ets>pisum</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/, <?/. The final <ets>s</ets> was misunderstood in English as a plural ending. Cf. <er>Pease</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant, and its fruit, of the genus <spn>Pisum</spn>, of many varieties, much cultivated for food. It has a papilionaceous flower, and the pericarp is a legume, popularly called a <i>pod</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; When a definite number, more than one, is spoken of, the plural form <i>peas</i> is used; as, the pod contained nine <i>peas</i>; but, in a collective sense, the form <i>pease</i> is preferred; as, a bushel of <i>pease</i>; they had <i>pease</i> at dinner. This distinction is not always preserved, the form <i>peas</i> being used in both senses.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A name given, especially in the Southern States, to the seed of several leguminous plants (species of <spn>Dolichos</spn>, <spn>Cicer</spn>, <spn>Abrus</spn>, etc.) esp. those having a scar (<i>hilum</i>) of a different color from the rest of the seed.</def>

<note>&hand; The name <i>pea</i> is given to many leguminous plants more or less closely related to the common pea. See the Phrases, below.</note>

<cs><col>Beach pea</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a seashore plant, <spn>Lathyrus maritimus</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Black-eyed pea</col>, <cd>a West Indian name for <spn>Dolichos sph\'91rospermus</spn> and its seed.</cd> -- <col>Butterfly pea</col>, <cd>the American plant <spn>Clitoria Mariana</spn>, having showy blossoms.</cd> -- <col>Chick pea</col>. <cd>See <er>Chick-pea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Egyptian pea</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Chick-pea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Everlasting pea</col>. <cd>See under <er>Everlasting</er>.</cd> -- <col>Glory pea</col>. <cd>See under <er>Glory</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Hoary pea</col>, <cd>any plant of the genus <spn>Tephrosia</spn>; goat's rue.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Issue pea</col>, <col>Orris pea</col></mcol>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Issue</er>, and <er>Orris</er>.</cd> -- <col>Milk pea</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Milk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pea berry</col>, <cd>a kind of a coffee bean or grain which grows single, and is round or pea-shaped; often used adjectively; as, <i>pea-berry<i> coffee.</cd> -- <col>Pea bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Pea weevil</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pea coal</col>, <cd>a size of coal smaller than nut coal.</cd> -- <col>Pea crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any small crab of the genus <spn>Pinnotheres</spn>, living as a commensal in bivalves; esp., the European species (<spn>P. pisum</spn>) which lives in the common mussel and the cockle.</cd> -- <col>Pea dove</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the American ground dove.</cd> -- <col>Pea-flower tribe</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a suborder (<spn>Papilionace\'91</spn>) of leguminous plants having blossoms essentially like that of the pea. <i>G. Bentham</i>.</cd> -- <col>Pea maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of a European moth (<spn>Tortrix pisi</spn>), which is very destructive to peas.</cd> -- <col>Pea ore</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>argillaceous oxide of iron, occurring in round grains of a size of a pea; pisolitic ore.</cd> -- <col>Pea starch</col>, <cd>the starch or flour of the common pea, which is sometimes used in adulterating wheat flour, pepper, etc.</cd> -- <col>Pea tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the name of several leguminous shrubs of the genus <spn>Caragana</spn>, natives of Siberia and China.</cd> -- <col>Pea vine</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any plant which bears peas</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A kind of vetch or tare, common in the United States (<spn>Lathyrus Americana</spn>, and other similar species).</cd> -- <col>Pea weevil</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small weevil (<spn>Bruchus pisi</spn>) which destroys peas by eating out the interior.</cd> -- <col>Pigeon pea</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Pigeon pea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sweet pea</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the annual plant <spn>Lathyrus odoratus</spn>; also, its many-colored, sweet-scented blossoms.</cd></cs>

<h1>Peabird</h1>
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<hw>Pea"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wryneck; -- so called from its note.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Peabody bird</h1>
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<hw>Pea"bod*y bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American sparrow (<spn>Zonotrichia albicollis</spn>) having a conspicuous white throat. The name is imitative of its note. Called also <altname>White-throated sparrow</altname>.</def>

<h1>Peace</h1>
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<hw>Peace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pees</ets>, <ets>pais</ets>, OF. pais, paiz, pes, F. <ets>paix</ets>, L. <ets>pax</ets>, <ets>pacis</ets>, akin to <ets>pacere</ets>, <ets>paciscere</ets>, <ets>pacisci</ets>, to make an agreement, and prob. also <ets>pangere</ets> to fasten. Cf. <er>Appease</er>, <er>Fair</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Fay</er>, <tt>v.</tt>, <er>Fang</er>, <er>Pacify</er>, <er>Pact</er>, <er>Pay</er> to requite.]</ety> <def>A state of quiet or tranquillity; freedom from disturbance or agitation; calm; repose</def>; specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Exemption from, or cessation of, war with public enemies</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Public quiet, order, and contentment in obedience to law</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Exemption from, or subjection of, agitating passions; tranquillity of mind or conscience</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Reconciliation; agreement after variance; harmony; concord.</def> "The eternal love and <i>pees</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Peace</i> is sometimes used as an exclamation in commanding silence, quiet, or order. "<i>Peace</i>! foolish woman."</note>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>At peace</col>, <cd>in a state of peace.</cd> -- <col>Breach of the peace</col>. <cd>See under <er>Breach</er>.</cd> -- <col>Justice of the peace</col>. <cd>See under <er>Justice</er>.</cd> -- <col>Peace of God</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A term used in wills, indictments, etc., as denoting a state of peace and good conduct.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <cd>The peace of heart which is the gift of God.</cd> -- <col>Peace offering</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld> <cd>A voluntary offering to God in token of devout homage and of a sense of friendly communion with Him</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A gift or service offered as satisfaction to an offended person.</cd> -- <col>Peace officer</col>, <cd>a civil officer whose duty it is to preserve the public peace, to prevent riots, etc., as a sheriff or constable.</cd> -- <col>To hold one's peace</col>, <cd>to be silent; to refrain from speaking.</cd> -- <col>To make one's peace with</col>, <cd>to reconcile one with, to plead one's cause with, or to become reconciled with, another. "I will <i>make your peace<i> with him." <i>Shak</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Peace</h1>
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<hw>Peace</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To make or become quiet; to be silent; to stop.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Peace</i> your tattlings."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>When the thunder would not <b>peace</b> at my bidding.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Peaceable</h1>
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<hw>Peace"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>peisible</ets>, F. <ets>paisible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Begin in or at peace; tranquil; quiet; free from, or not disposed to, war, disorder, or excitement; not quarrelsome.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Peace"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Peace"a*bly</wf>, adv.</wordforms>

<syn>Syn. -- Peaceful; pacific; tranquil; quiet; mild; undisturbed; serene; still.</syn>  -- <usage><er>Peaceable</er>, <er>Peaceful</er>. <i>Peaceable</i> describes the state of an individual, nation, etc., in reference to external hostility, attack, etc.; <i>peaceful</i>, in respect to internal disturbance. The former denotes "in the spirit of peace;" latter; "in the possession or enjoyment of peace."  A <i>peaceable</i> adjustment of difficulties; a <i>peaceful</i> life, scene.</usage>

<h1>Peacebreaker</h1>
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<hw>Peace"break`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who disturbs the public peace.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Peace"break`ing</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Peaceful</h1>
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<hw>Peace"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Possessing or enjoying peace; not disturbed by war, tumult, agitation, anxiety, or commotion; quiet; tranquil; <as>as, a <ex>peaceful</ex> time; a <ex>peaceful</ex> country; a <ex>peaceful</ex> end.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not disposed or tending to war, tumult or agitation; pacific; mild; calm; peaceable; <as>as, <ex>peaceful</ex> words</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Peaceable</er>.</syn>

--<wordforms><wf>Peace"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt>. -- <wf>Peace"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Peaceless</h1>
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<hw>Peace"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without peace; disturbed.</def>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Peacemaker</h1>
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<hw>Peace"mak`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes peace by reconciling parties that are at variance.</def>

<i>Matt. v. 9.</i>

--<wordforms><wf>Peace"mak`ing</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Peach</h1>
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<hw>Peach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Appeach</er>, <er>Impeach</er>.]</ety> <def>To accuse of crime; to inform against.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Peach</h1>
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<hw>Peach</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To turn informer; to betray one's accomplice.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>If I be ta'en, I'll <b>peach</b> for this.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Peach</h1>
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<hw>Peach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>peche</ets>, <ets>peshe</ets>, OF. <ets>pesche</ets>, F. <ets>p\'88che</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>persia</ets>, L. <ets>Persicum</ets> (sc. <ets>malum</ets>) a Persian apple, a peach. Cf. <er>Persian</er>, and <er>Parsee</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A well-known high-flavored juicy fruit, containing one or two seeds in a hard almond-like endocarp or stone; also, the tree which bears it (<spn>Prunus, &or; Amygdalus Persica</spn>). In the wild stock the fruit is hard and inedible.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Guinea</col>, &or; <col>Sierra Leone</col>, <col>peach</col></mcol>, <cd>the large edible berry of the <spn>Sarcocephalus esculentus</spn>, a rubiaceous climbing shrub of west tropical Africa.</cd> -- <col>Palm peach</col>, <cd>the fruit of a Venezuelan palm tree (<spn>Bactris speciosa</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Peach color</col>, <cd>the pale red color of the peach blossom.</cd> -- <col>Peach-tree borer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of a clearwing moth (<spn>\'92geria, &or; Sannina, exitiosa</spn>) of the family <spn>\'92geriid\'91</spn>, which is very destructive to peach trees by boring in the wood, usually near the ground; also, the moth itself.  See <i>Illust.</i> under <er>Borer</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Peach-colored</h1>
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<hw>Peach"-col`ored</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the color of a peach blossom.</def> "<i>Peach-colored</i> satin."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Peacher</h1>
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<hw>Peach"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who peaches.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Peachick</h1>
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<hw>Pea"chick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The chicken of the peacock.</def>

<h1>Peachy</h1>
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<hw>Peach"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a peach or peaches.</def>

<h1>Peacock</h1>
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<hw>Pea"cock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pecok</ets>. <ets>Pea-</ets> in this word is from AS. <ets>pe\'a0</ets>, <ets>p\'bewa</ets>, peacock, fr. L. <ets>pavo</ets>, prob. of Oriental origin; cf. Gr. <?/, <?/, Per. <ets>t\'beus</ets>, <ets>t\'bewus</ets>, Ar. <ets>t\'bewu<?/s</ets>. See <er>Cock</er> the bird.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The male of any pheasant of the genus <spn>Pavo</spn>, of which at least two species are known, native of Southern Asia and the East Indies.</def>

<note>&hand; The upper tail coverts, which are long and capable of erection, are each marked with a black spot bordered by concentric bands of brilliant blue, green, and golden colors. The common domesticated species is <spn>Pavo cristatus</spn>. The Javan peacock (<spn>P. muticus</spn>) is more brilliantly colored than the common species.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In common usage, the species in general or collectively; a peafowl.</def>

<cs><col>Peacock butterfly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a handsome European butterfly (<spn>Hamadryas Io</spn>) having ocelli like those of peacock.</cd> -- <col>Peacock fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European blue-striped wrasse (<spn>Labrus variegatus</spn>); -- so called on account of its brilliant colors. Called also <altname>cook wrasse</altname> and <altname>cook</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Peacock pheasant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of handsome Asiatic pheasants of the genus <spn>Polyplectron</spn>. They resemble the peacock in color.</cd></cs>

<h1>Peafowl</h1>
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<hw>Pea"fowl`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Peacock</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The peacock or peahen; any species of Pavo.</def>

<h1>Peage</h1>
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<hw>Pe"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Paage</er>.</def>

<h1>Peagrit</h1>
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<hw>Pea"grit`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A coarse pisolitic limestone. See <er>Pisolite</er>.</def>

<h1>Peahen</h1>
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<hw>Pea"hen`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Peacock</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hen or female peafowl.</def>

<h1>Pea-jacket</h1>
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<hw>Pea"-jack`et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. D. <ets>pij</ets>, <ets>pije</ets>, a coat of a coarse woolen stuff.]</ety> <def>A thick loose woolen jacket, or coat, much worn by sailors in cold weather.</def>

<h1>Peak</h1>
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<hw>Peak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pek</ets>, AS. <ets>peac</ets>, perh of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. <ets>peac</ets> a sharp-pointed thing. Cf. <er>Pike</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A point; the sharp end or top of anything that terminates in a point; <as>as, the <ex>peak</ex>, or front, of a cap</as>.</def> "Run your beard into a <i>peak</i>."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The top, or one of the tops, of a hill, mountain, or range, ending in a point; often, the whole hill or mountain, esp. when isolated; <as>as, the <ex>Peak</ex> of Teneriffe</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Silent upon a <b>peak</b> in Darien.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The upper aftermost corner of a fore-and-aft sail; -- used in many combinations; <as>as, <ex>peak</ex>-halyards, <ex>peak</ex>-brails, etc</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The narrow part of a vessel's bow, or the hold within it.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The extremity of an anchor fluke; the bill.</def> <altsp>[In the last sense written also <asp>pea</asp> and <asp>pee</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Fore peak</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Fore</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Peak</h1>
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<hw>Peak</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Peaked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Peaking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rise or extend into a peak or point; to form, or appear as, a peak.</def>

<blockquote>There <b>peaketh</b> up a mighty high mount.
<i>Holand.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To acquire sharpness of figure or features; hence, to look thin or sicky.</def> "Dwindle, <i>peak</i>, and pine."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Peek</er>.]</ety> <def>To pry; to peep slyly.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Peak arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a pointed or Gothic arch.</cd></cs>

<h1>Peak</h1>
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<hw>Peak</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To raise to a position perpendicular, or more nearly so; <as>as, to <ex>peak</ex> oars, to hold them upright; to <ex>peak</ex> a gaff or yard, to set it nearer the perpendicular.</as></def>

<h1>Peaked</h1>
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<hw>Peaked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pointed; ending in a point; <as>as, a <ex>peaked</ex> roof</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Oftener <?/)</fld> <def>Sickly; not robust.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="1055">
Page 1055<p>

<h1>Peaking</h1>
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<hw>Peak"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mean; sneaking.</def> <mark>[Vulgar]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pining; sickly; peakish.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Peakish</h1>
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<hw>Peak"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or relating to a peak; or to peaks; belonging to a mountainous region.</def> "Her <i>peakish</i> spring." <i>Drayton</i>. "His <i>peakish</i> dialect." <i>Bp. Hall</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having peaks; peaked.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having features thin or sharp, as from sickness; hence, sickly.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Peaky</h1>
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<hw>Peak"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a peak or peaks.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sickly; peaked.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Peal</h1>
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<hw>Peal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small salmon; a grilse; a sewin.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Peal</h1>
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<hw>Peal</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To appeal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spencer.</i>

<h1>Peal</h1>
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<hw>Peal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[An abbrev. of F. <ets>appel</ets> a call, appeal, ruffle of a drum, fr. <ets>appeller</ets> to call, L. <ets>appellare</ets>. See <er>Appeal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A loud sound, or a succession of loud sounds, as of bells, thunder, cannon, shouts, of a multitude, etc.</def> "A fair <i>peal</i> of artillery."

<i>Hayward.</i>

<blockquote>Whether those <b>peals</b> of praise be his or no.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And a deep thunder, <b>peal</b> on <b>peal</b>, afar.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A set of bells tuned to each other according to the diatonic scale; also, the changes rung on a set of bells.</def>

<cs><col>To ring a peal</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ring</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Peal</h1>
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<hw>Peal</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pealed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pealing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter or give out loud sounds.</def>

<blockquote>There let the <b>pealing</b> organ blow.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To resound; to echo.</def>

<blockquote>And the whole air <b>pealed</b>
<b>With the cheers of our men</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Peal</h1>
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<hw>Peal</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter or give forth loudly; to cause to give out loud sounds; to noise abroad.</def>

<blockquote>The warrior's name,
Though <b>pealed</b> and chimed on all the tongues of fame.
<i>J. Barlow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To assail with noise or loud sounds.</def>

<blockquote>Nor was his ear less <b>pealed</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pour out.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Pean</h1>
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<hw>Pean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pene</ets>, F. <ets>panne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>One of the furs, the ground being <i>sable</i>, and the spots or tufts <i>or</i>.</def>

<h1>Pean</h1>
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<hw>Pe"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A song of praise and triumph. See <er>P\'91an</er>.</def>

<h1>Peanism</h1>
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<hw>Pe"an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to chant the p\'91an.]</ety> <def>The song or shout of praise, of battle, or of triumph.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Peanut</h1>
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<hw>Pea"nut</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit of a trailing leguminous plant (<spn>Arachis hypog\'91a</spn>); also, the plant itself, which is widely cultivated for its fruit.</def>

<note>&hand; The fruit is a hard pod, usually containing two or three seeds, sometimes but one, which ripen beneath the soil. Called also <altname>earthnut</altname>, <altname>groundnut</altname>, and <i>goober</i>.</note>

<h1>Pear</h1>
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<hw>Pear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pere</ets>, AS. <ets>peru</ets>, L. <ets>pirum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>poire</ets>. Cf. <er>Perry</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fleshy pome, or fruit, of a rosaceous tree (<spn>Pyrus communis</spn>), cultivated in many varieties in temperate climates; also, the tree which bears this fruit. See <cref>Pear family</cref>, below.</def>

<cs><col>Pear blight</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A name of two distinct diseases of pear trees, both causing a destruction of the branches, viz., that caused by a minute insect (<spn>Xyleborus pyri</spn>), and that caused by the freezing of the sap in winter. <i>A. J. Downing</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>A very small beetle (<spn>Xyleborus pyri</spn>) whose larv\'91 bore in the twigs of pear trees and cause them to wither.</cd> -- <col>Pear family</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a suborder of rosaceous plants (<spn>Pome\'91</spn>), characterized by the calyx tube becoming fleshy in fruit, and, combined with the ovaries, forming a pome. It includes the apple, pear, quince, service berry, and hewthorn.</cd> -- <col>Pear gauge</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>a kind of gauge for measuring the exhaustion of an air-pump receiver; -- so called because consisting in part of a pear-shaped glass vessel.</cd> <col>Pear shell</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any marine gastropod shell of the genus <spn>Pyrula</spn>, native of tropical seas; -- so called from the shape.</cd> -- <col>Pear slug</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of a sawfly which is very injurious to the foliage of the pear tree.</cd></cs>

<-- Illustr. of pear slug (Celandria cerasi) -->

<h1>Pearch</h1>
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<hw>Pearch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Perch</er>.</def>

<h1>Pearl</h1>
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<hw>Pearl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fringe or border.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><tt>v. t. </tt> <def>To fringe; to border. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Purl</er>.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Pearl stitch</col>. <cd>See <cref>Purl stitch</cref>, under <er>Purl</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pearl</h1>
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<hw>Pearl</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>perle</ets>, F. <ets>perle</ets>, LL. <ets>perla</ets>, <ets>perula</ets>, probably fr. (assumed) L. <ets>pirulo</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>pirum</ets> a pear. See <er>Pear</er>, and cf. <er>Purl</er> to mantle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A shelly concretion, usually rounded, and having a brilliant luster, with varying tints, found in the mantle, or between the mantle and shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the pearl oysters and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves. It is usually due to a secretion of shelly substance around some irritating foreign particle. Its substance is the same as nacre, or mother-of-pearl. Pearls which are round, or nearly round, and of fine luster, are highly esteemed as jewels, and compare in value with the precious stones.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, figuratively, something resembling a pearl; something very precious.</def>

<blockquote>I see thee compassed with thy kingdom's <b>pearl</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And those <b>pearls</b> of dew she wears.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Nacre, or mother-of-pearl.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish allied to the turbot; the brill.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A light-colored tern.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the circle of tubercles which form the bur on a deer's antler.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A whitish speck or film on the eye.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A capsule of gelatin or similar substance containing some liquid for medicinal application, as ether.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A size of type, between agate and diamond.</def>

\'b5 <pearltype>This line is printed in the type called <ex>pearl</ex>.</pearltype>

<cs><col>Ground pearl</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Ground</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pearl barley</col>, <cd>kernels of barley, ground so as to form small, round grains.</cd> -- <col>Pearl diver</col>, <cd>one who dives for pearl oysters.</cd> -- <col>Pearl edge</col>, <cd>an edge of small loops on the side of some kinds of ribbon; also, a narrow kind of thread edging to be sewed on lace.</cd> -- <col>Pearl eye</col>, <cd>cataract.</cd> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <col>Pearl gray</col></mcol>, <cd>a very pale and delicate blue-gray color.</cd> -- <col>Pearl millet</col>, <cd>Egyptian millet (<spn>Penicillaria spicata</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Pearl moss</col>. <cd>See <er>Carrageen</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pearl moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any moth of the genus <spn>Margaritia</spn>; -- so called on account of its pearly color.</cd> -- <col>Pearl oyster</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of large tropical marine bivalve mollusks of the genus <spn>Meleagrina</spn>, or <spn>Margaritifera</spn>, found in the East Indies (especially at Ceylon), in the Persian Gulf, on the coast of Australia, and on the Pacific coast of America. Called also <altname>pearl shell</altname>, and <altname>pearl mussel</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Pearl powder</col>. <cd>See <cref>Pearl white</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Pearl sago</col>, <cd>sago in the form of small pearly grains.</cd> -- <col>Pearl sinter</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>fiorite.</cd> -- <col>Pearl spar</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a crystallized variety of dolomite, having a pearly luster.</cd> -- <col>Pearl white</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Basic bismuth nitrate, or bismuth subchloride; -- used chiefly as a cosmetic</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A variety of white lead blued with indigo or Berlin blue.</cd></cs><-- cultured pearl, a pearl grown by a pearl oyster into which a round pellet has been placed, to serve as the seed for more predictable growth of the pearl.  The pellet is usually made from mother-of-pearl, and additional layers of nacre are deposited onto the seed by the oyster.  Such pearls, being more easily obtained than natural pearls, are less expensive. -->

<h1>Pearl</h1>
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<hw>Pearl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to pearl or pearls; made of pearls, or of mother-of-pearl.</def>

<h1>Pearl</h1>
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<hw>Pearl</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set or adorn with pearls, or with mother-of-pearl. Used also figuratively.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to resemble pearls; to make into small round grains; <as>as, to <ex>pearl</ex> barley</as>.</def>

<h1>Pearl</h1>
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<hw>Pearl</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To resemble pearl or pearls.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give or hunt for pearls; <as>as, to go <ex>pearling</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Pearlaceous</h1>
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<hw>Pearl*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling pearl or mother-of-pearl; pearly in quality or appearance.</def>

<h1>Pearlash</h1>
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<hw>Pearl"ash`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white amorphous or granular substance which consists principally of potassium carbonate, and has a strong alkaline reaction. It is obtained by lixiviating wood ashes, and evaporating the lye, and has been an important source of potassium compounds. It is used in making soap, glass, etc.</def>

<h1>Pearl-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Pearl"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a pearly speck in the eye; afflicted with the cataract.</def>

<h1>Pearlfish</h1>
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<hw>Pearl"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any fish whose scales yield a pearl-like pigment used in manufacturing artificial pearls, as the bleak, and whitebait.</def>

<h1>Pearlins, Pearlings</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pearl"ins</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pearl"ings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Prob. a corruption of <ets>purflings</ets>. See <er>Purfle</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of lace of silk or thread.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Pearlite, Pearlstone</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pearl"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pearl"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A glassy volcanic rock of a grayish color and pearly luster, often having a spherulitic concretionary structure due to the curved cracks produced by contraction in cooling. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Perlitic</er>.</def>

<h1>Pearlwort</h1>
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<hw>Pearl"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several species of <spn>Sagina</spn>, low and inconspicuous herbs of the Chickweed family.</def>

<h1>Pearly</h1>
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<hw>Pearl"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Containing pearls; abounding with, or yielding, pearls; <as>as, <ex>pearly</ex> shells</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resembling pearl or pearls; clear; pure; transparent; iridescent; <as>as, the <ex>pearly</ex> dew or flood</as>.</def>

<h1>Pearmain</h1>
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<hw>Pear"main</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of several kinds of apples; <as>as, the blue <ex>pearmain</ex>, winter <ex>pearmain</ex>, and red <ex>pearmain</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Pear-shaped</h1>
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<hw>Pear"-shaped`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the form of a pear.</def>

<h1>Peart</h1>
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<hw>Peart</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[A variant of <ets>pert</ets>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Active; lively; brisk; smart; -- often applied to convalescents; <as>as, she is quite <ex>peart</ex> to-day</as>.</def> <mark>[O. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<blockquote>There was a tricksy girl, I wot, albeit clad in gray,
As <b>peart</b> as bird, as straight as bolt, as fresh as flowers in May.
<i>Warner (1592).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Peasant</h1>
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<hw>Peas"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pa\'8bsant</ets> (the <ets>i</ets> being perh. due to confusion with the p.pr. of verbs), <ets>pa\'8bsan</ets>, F. <ets>paysan</ets>, fr. OF. & F. <ets>pays</ets> country, fr. L. <ets>pagus</ets> the country. See <er>Pagan</er>.]</ety> <def>A countryman; a rustic; especially, one of the lowest class of tillers of the soil in European countries.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Countryman; rustic; swain; hind.</syn>

<h1>Peasant</h1>
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<hw>Peas"ant</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rustic, rural.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Peasantlike</h1>
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<hw>Peas"ant*like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rude; clownish; illiterate.</def>

<h1>Peasantly</h1>
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<hw>Peas"ant*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Peasantlike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Peasantry</h1>
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<hw>Peas"ant*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Peasants, collectively; the body of rustics.</def> "A bold <i>peasantry</i>."

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rusticity; coarseness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>p. Butler.</i>

<h1>Peascod</h1>
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<hw>Peas"cod`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The legume or pericarp, or the pod, of the pea.</def>

<h1>Pease</h1>
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<hw>Pease</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>obs.<i>pl</i>. <plw>Peases</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <plw>Peasen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Pea</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pea.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>peose</i>." "Bread . . . of beans and of <i>peses</i>."

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A plural form of <er>Pea</er>. See the Note under <er>Pea</er>.</def>

<h1>Peastone</h1>
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<hw>Pea"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Pisolite.</def>

<h1>Peasweep</h1>
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<hw>Peas"weep`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from its note.]</ety> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The pewit, or lapwing.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The greenfinch.</def>

<h1>Peat</h1>
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<hw>Peat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Pet</er> a fondling.]</ety> <def>A small person; a pet; -- sometimes used contemptuously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Peat</h1>
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<hw>Peat</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. for <ets>beat</ets>, prop., material used to make the fire burn <ets>better</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>b<?/tan</ets> to better, mend (a fire), <ets>b<?/t</ets> advantage. See <er>Better</er>, <er>Boot</er> advantage.]</ety> <def>A substance of vegetable origin, consisting of roots and fibers, moss, etc., in various stages of decomposition, and found, as a kind of turf or bog, usually in low situations, where it is always more or less saturated with water. It is often dried and used for fuel.</def>

<cs><col>Peat bog</col>, <cd>a bog containing peat; also, peat as it occurs in such places; peat moss.</cd> -- <col>Peat moss</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The plants which, when decomposed, become peat</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A fen producing peat</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Moss of the genus <spn>Sphagnum</spn>, which often grows abundantly in boggy or peaty places.</cd> -- <col>Peat reek</col>, <cd>the reek or smoke of peat; hence, also, the peculiar flavor given to whisky by being distilled with peat as fuel. <mark>[Scot.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Peaty</h1>
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<hw>Peat"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Composed of peat; abounding in peat; resembling peat.</def>

<h1>Peba</h1>
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<hw>Pe"ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Pg. <ets>peba</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An armadillo (<spn>Tatusia novemcincta</spn>) which is found from Texas to Paraguay; -- called also <altname>tatouhou</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pebble</h1>
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<hw>Peb"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>papolst\'ben</ets>; cf. L. <ets>papula</ets> pimple, mote. See <er>Stone</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small roundish stone or bowlder; especially, a stone worn and rounded by the action of water; a pebblestone.</def> "The <i>pebbles</i> on the hungry beach."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>As children gathering <b>pebbles</b> on the shore.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Transparent and colorless rock crystal; <as>as, Brazilian <ex>pebble</ex>; -- so called by opticians</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Pebble powder</col>, <cd>slow-burning gunpowder, in large cubical grains.</cd> -- <col>Scotch pebble</col>, <cd>varieties of quartz, as agate, chalcedony, etc., obtained from cavities in amygdaloid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pebble</h1>
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<hw>Peb"ble</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pebbled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pebbling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To grain (leather) so as to produce a surface covered with small rounded prominences.</def>

<h1>Pebbled</h1>
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<hw>Peb"bled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding in pebbles.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Pebblestone</h1>
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<hw>Peb"ble*stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A pebble; also, pebbles collectively.</def> "Chains of <i>pebblestone</i>."

<i>Marlowe.</i>

<h1>Pebbly</h1>
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<hw>Peb"bly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of pebbles; pebbled.</def> "A hard, <i>pebbly</i> bottom."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Pebrine</h1>
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<hw>Pe`brine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>An epidemic disease of the silkworm, characterized by the presence of minute vibratory corpuscles in the blood.</def>

<h1>Pecan</h1>
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<hw>Pe*can"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pacane</ets> the nut.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of hickory (<spn>Carya oliv\'91formis</spn>), growing in North America, chiefly in the Mississippi valley and in Texas, where it is one of the largest of forest trees; also, its fruit, a smooth, oblong nut, an inch or an inch and a half long, with a thin shell and well-flavored meat.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pacane</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pecary</h1>
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<hw>Pec"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Peccary</er>.</def>

<h1>Peccability</h1>
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<hw>Pec`ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being peccable; lability to sin.</def>

<blockquote>The common <b>peccability</b> of mankind.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Peccable</h1>
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<hw>Pec"ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>peccable</ets>. See <er>Peccant</er>.]</ety> <def>Liable to sin; subject to transgress the divine law.</def> "A frail and <i>peccable</i> mortal."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Peccadillo</h1>
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<hw>Pec`ca*dil"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Peccadillos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp. <ets>pecadillo</ets>, dim. of <ets>pecado</ets> a sin, fr. L. <ets>peccatum</ets>. See <er>Peccant</er>.]</ety> <def>A slight trespass or offense; a petty crime or fault.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Peccancy</h1>
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<hw>Pec"can*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peccantia</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being peccant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sin; an offense.</def>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Peccant</h1>
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<hw>Pec"cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peccans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>peccare</ets> to sin: cf. F. <ets>peccant</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sinning; guilty of transgression; criminal; <as>as, <ex>peccant</ex> angels</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Morbid; corrupt; <as>as, <ex>peccant</ex> humors</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Wrong; defective; faulty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Peccant</h1>
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<hw>Pec"cant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An offender.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Whitlock.</i>

<h1>Peccantly</h1>
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<hw>Pec"cant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a peccant manner.</def>

<h1>Peccary</h1>
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<hw>Pec"ca*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Peccaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[From the native South American name: cf. F. <ets>p\'82cari</ets>, Sp. <ets>pecar</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A pachyderm of the genus <spn>Dicotyles</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; The collared peccary, or tajacu (<spn>Dicotyles torquatus</spn>), is about the size and shape of a small hog, and has a white ring aroung the neck. It ranges from Arkansas to Brazil. A larger species (<spn>D. labiatus</spn>), with white cheeks, is found in South America.</note>

<h1>Peccavi</h1>
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<hw>Pec*ca"vi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>I have sinned; -- used colloquially to express confession or acknowledgment of an offense.</def>

<i>Aubrey.</i>
<-- seldom used -- same purpose served by mea culpa -->

<h1>Pecco</h1>
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<hw>Pec"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pekoe</er>.</def>

<h1>Peck</h1>
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<hw>Peck</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. akin to <ets>pack</ets>; or, orig., an indefinite quantity, and fr. <ets>peck</ets>, v. (below): cf. also F. <ets>picotin</ets> a peak.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fourth part of a bushel; a dry measure of eight quarts; <as>as, a <ex>peck</ex> of wheat</as>.</def> "A <i>peck</i> of provender."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A great deal; a large or excessive quantity.</def> "A <i>peck</i> of uncertainties and doubts." <i>Milton</i>.

<h1>Peck</h1>
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<hw>Peck</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pecked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pecking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Pick</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike with the beak; to thrust the beak into; <as>as, a bird <ex>pecks</ex> a tree</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: To strike, pick, thrust against, or dig into, with a pointed instrument; especially, to strike, pick, etc., with repeated quick movements.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To seize and pick up with the beak, or as with the beak; to bite; to eat; -- often with <i>up</i>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>This fellow <b>pecks</b> up wit as pigeons peas.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make, by striking with the beak or a pointed instrument; <as>as, to <ex>peck</ex> a hole in a tree</as>.</def>

<h1>Peck</h1>
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<hw>Peck</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make strokes with the beak, or with a pointed instrument.</def>

<i>Carew.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pick up food with the beak; hence, to eat.</def>

<blockquote>[The hen] went <b>pecking</b> by his side.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To peck at</col>, <cd>to attack with petty and repeated blows; to carp at; to nag; to tease.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="1056">
Page 1056<p>

<h1>Peck</h1>
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<hw>Peck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A quick, sharp stroke, as with the beak of a bird or a pointed instrument.</def>

<h1>Pecker</h1>
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<hw>Peck"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, pecks; specif., a bird that pecks holes in trees; a woodpecker.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument for pecking; a pick.</def>

<i>Garth.</i>

<cs><col>Flower pecker</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Flower</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Peckish</h1>
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<hw>Peck"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclined to eat; hungry.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "When shall I feel <i>peckish</i> again?"

<i>Beaconsfield.</i>

<h1>Peckled</h1>
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<hw>Pec"kled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Speckled; spotted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pecopteris</h1>
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<hw>Pe*cop"te*ris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to comb + <?/ a kind of fern.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extensive genus of fossil ferns; -- so named from the regular comblike arrangement of the leaflets.</def>

<h1>Pecora</h1>
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<hw>Pec"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>pecus</ets>. See <er>Pecuniary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive division of ruminants, including the antelopes, deer, and cattle.</def>

<h1>Pectate</h1>
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<hw>Pec"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of pectic acid.</def>

<h1>Pecten</h1>
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<hw>Pec"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pecten</ets>, <ets>-inis</ets>, a comb, a kind of shellfish. See <er>Pectinate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A vascular pigmented membrane projecting into the vitreous humor within the globe of the eye in birds, and in many reptiles and fishes; -- also called <altname>marsupium</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The pubic bone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of bivalve mollusks of the genus <spn>Pecten</spn>, and numerous allied genera (family <spn>Pectinid\'91</spn>); a scallop. See <er>Scallop</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The comb of a scorpion. See <er>Comb</er>, 4 <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Pectic</h1>
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<hw>Pec"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ curdled.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to pectin; specifically, designating an acid obtained from ordinary vegetable jelly (pectin) as an amorphous substance, tough and horny when dry, but gelatinous when moist.</def>

<h1>Pectin</h1>
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<hw>Pec"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ curdled, congealed, from <?/ to make fast or stiff: cf. F. <ets>pectine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of carbohydrates, commonly called <altname>vegetable jelly</altname>, found very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, especially in ripe fleshy fruits, as apples, cranberries, etc. It is extracted as variously colored, translucent substances, which are soluble in hot water but become viscous on cooling.</def>

<h1>Pectinal</h1>
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<hw>Pec"ti*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pecten</ets> comb. See <er>Pectinate</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a comb; resembling a comb.</def>

<h1>Pectinal</h1>
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<hw>Pec"ti*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fish whose bone<?/ resemble comb teeth.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Pectinate, Pectinated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pec"ti*na`te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pec"ti*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pectinatus</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>pectinare</ets> to comb, from <ets>pecten</ets>, <ets>-inis</ets>, a comb; cf. Gr. <?/ to comb, AS. <ets>feax</ets> hair, OHG. <ets>fahs</ets>, E. <ets>paxwax</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resembling the teeth of a comb.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Having very narrow, close divisions, in arrangement and regularity resembling those of a comb; comblike; <as>as, a <ex>pectinate</ex> leaf; <ex>pectinated</ex> muscles</as>.  See <i>Illust</i>. <sd>(e)</sd> of <er>Antenn\'91</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Interlaced, like two combs.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Our fingers <i>pectinated</i>, or shut together."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<cs><col>Pectinate claw</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a claw having a serrate edge, found in some birds, and supposed to be used in cleaning the feathers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pectinately</h1>
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<hw>Pec"ti*nate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pectinate manner.</def>

<h1>Pectination</h1>
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<hw>Pec`ti*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being pectinated; that which is pectinated.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of combing; the combing of the head.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Comblike toothing.</def>

<h1>Pectineal</h1>
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<hw>Pec*tin"e*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pecten</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the pecten.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Relating to, or connected with, the pubic bone.</def>

<h1>Pectinibranch</h1>
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<hw>Pec*tin"i*branch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Pectinibranchiata. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Pectinibranchiata</h1>
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<hw>Pec`ti*ni*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pecten</er>, and <er>Branchia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Gastropoda, including those that have a comblike gill upon the neck.</def>

<h1>Pectinibranchiate</h1>
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<hw>Pec`ti*ni*bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pecten</ets>, <ets>-inis</ets>, a comb + E. <ets>branchiate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having pectinated gills.</def>

<h1>Pectiniform</h1>
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<hw>Pec*tin"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Comblike in form.</def>

<h1>Pectize</h1>
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<hw>Pec*tize"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ solid.]</ety> <def>To congeal; to change into a gelatinous mass.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Pectolite</h1>
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<hw>Pec"to*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pecten</ets> a comb + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A whitish mineral occurring in radiated or fibrous crystalline masses. It is a hydrous silicate of lime and soda.</def>

<h1>Pectoral</h1>
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<hw>Pec"to*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pectoralis</ets>, fr. <ets>pectus</ets>, <ets>-oris</ets> the breast; cf. F. <ets>pectoral</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the breast, or chest; <as>as, the <ex>pectoral</ex> muscles</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating to, or good for, diseases of the chest or lungs; <as>as, a <ex>pectoral</ex> remedy</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the breast conspicuously colored; <as>as, the <ex>pectoral</ex> sandpiper</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Pectoral arch</col>, &or; <col>Pectoral girdle</col></mcol> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the two or more bony or cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to which the fore limbs are articulated; the shoulder girdle. In man it consists of two bones, the scapula and clavicle, on each side.</cd> -- <col>Pectorial cross</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>a cross worn on the breast by bishops and abbots, and sometimes also by canons.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Pectorial</col> fins, &or; <col>Pectorials</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>fins situated on the sides, behind the gills. See <i>Illust<i>. under <er>Fin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pectorial rail</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Land rail</cref> <sd>(b)</sd> under <er>Land</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pectorial sandpiper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the jacksnipe <sd>(b)</sd>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pectoral</h1>
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<hw>Pec"to*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pectorale</ets> a breastplate, neut. of <ets>pectorials</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A covering or protecting for the breast.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A breastplate, esp. that worn by the Jewish high person.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A clasp or a cross worn on the breast.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A medicine for diseases of the chest organs, especially the lungs.</def>

<h1>Pectorally</h1>
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<hw>Pec"to*ral*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>As connected with the breast.</def>

<h1>Pectoriloquial</h1>
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<hw>Pec`to*ri*lo"qui*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pectoriloque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, pectoriloquy.</def>

<h1>Pectoriloquism</h1>
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<hw>Pec`to*ril"o*quism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pectoriloquy.</def>

<h1>Pectoriloquous</h1>
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<hw>Pec`to*ril"o*quous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pectoriloquial.</def>

<h1>Pectoriloquy</h1>
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<hw>Pec`to*ril"o*quy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pectus</ets>, <ets>-oris</ets>, the breast + <ets>loqui</ets> to speak: cf. F. <ets>pectoriloquie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The distinct articulation of the sounds of a patient's voice, heard on applying the ear to the chest in auscultation. It usually indicates some morbid change in the lungs or pleural cavity.</def>

<h1>Pectose</h1>
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<hw>Pec"tose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pect</ets>ic + cellul<ets>ose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An amorphous carbohydrate found in the vegetable kingdom, esp. in unripe fruits. It is associated with cellulose, and is converted into substances of the pectin group.</def>

<h1>Pectosic</h1>
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<hw>Pec*to"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld><def>Of, pertaining to, resembling, or derived from, pectose; specifically, designating an acid supposed to constitute largely ordinary pectin or vegetable jelly.</def>

<h1>Pectostraca</h1>
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<hw>Pec*tos"tra*ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ fixed + <?/ shell of a testacean.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A degenerate order of Crustacea, including the Rhizocephala and Cirripedia.</def>

<h1>Pectous</h1>
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<hw>Pec"tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, pectose.</def>

<h1>Pectus</h1>
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<hw>Pec"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pectora</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., the breast.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The breast of a bird.</def>

<h1>Pecul</h1>
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<hw>Pec"ul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Picul</er>.</def>

<h1>Peculate</h1>
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<hw>Pec"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Peculated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Peculating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>peculatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>peculari</ets> to peculate, akin to <ets>peculium</ets> private property. See <er>Peculiar</er>.]</ety> <def>To appropriate to one's own use the property of the public; to steal public moneys intrusted to one's care; to embezzle.</def>

<blockquote>An oppressive, . . . rapacious, and <b>peculating</b> despotism.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Peculation</h1>
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<hw>Pec`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or practice of peculating, or of defrauding the public by appropriating to one's own use the money or goods intrusted to one's care for management or disbursement; embezzlement.</def>

<blockquote>Every British subject . . . active in the discovery of <b>peculations</b> has been ruined.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Peculator</h1>
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<hw>Pec"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who peculates.</def> "<i>Peculators</i> of the public gold."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Peculiar</h1>
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<hw>Pe*cul"iar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peculiaris</ets>, fr. <ets>peculium</ets> private property, akin to <ets>pecunia</ets> money: cf. OF. <ets>peculier</ets>. See <er>Pecuniary</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One's own; belonging solely or especially to an individual; not possessed by others; of private, personal, or characteristic possession and use; not owned in common or in participation.</def>

<blockquote>And purify unto himself a <b>peculiar</b> people.
<i>Titus ii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hymns . . . that Christianity hath <b>peculiar</b> unto itself.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Particular; individual; special; appropriate.</def>

<blockquote>While each <b>peculiar</b> power forgoes his wonted seat.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My fate is Juno's most <b>peculiar</b> care.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Unusual; singular; rare; strange; <as>as, the sky had a <ex>peculiar</ex>appearance</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Peculiar</er>, <er>Special</er>, <er>Especial</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Peculiar</i> is from the Roman <i>peculium</i>, which was a thing emphatically and distinctively one's own, and hence was dear. The former sense always belongs to <i>peculiar</i> (as, a <i>peculiar</i> style, <i>peculiar</i> manners, etc.), and usually so much of the latter as to involve feelings of interest; as, <i>peculiar</i> care, watchfulness, satisfaction, etc. Nothing of this kind belongs to <i>special</i> and <i>especial</i>. They mark simply the relation of <i>species</i> to <i>genus</i>, and denote that there is something in this case more than ordinary; as, a <i>special</i> act of Congress; <i>especial</i> pains, etc.</usage>

<blockquote>Beauty, which, either walking or asleep,
Shot forth <b>peculiar</b> graces.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For naught so vile that on the earth doth live,
But to the earth some <b>special</b> good doth give.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Peculiar</h1>
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<hw>Pe*cul"iar</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is peculiar; a sole or exclusive property; a prerogative; a characteristic.</def>

<blockquote>Revenge is . . . the <b>peculiar</b> of Heaven.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Canon Law)</fld> <def>A particular parish or church which is exempt from the jurisdiction of the ordinary.</def>

<cs><col>Court of Peculiars</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a branch of the Court of Arches having cognizance of the affairs of peculiars. <i>Blackstone</i>.</cd> -- <col>Dean of peculiars</col>. <cd>See under <er>Dean</er>, 1.</cd></cs>

<h1>Peculiarity</h1>
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<hw>Pe*cul`iar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Peculiarities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being peculiar; individuality; singularity.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is peculiar; a special and distinctive characteristic or habit; particularity.</def>

<blockquote>The smallest <b>peculiarity</b> of temper on manner.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Exclusive possession or right.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Peculiarize</h1>
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<hw>Pe*cul"iar*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pecularized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pecularizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make peculiar; to set appart or assign, as an exclusive possession.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. John Smith.</i>

<h1>Peculiarly</h1>
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<hw>Pe*cul"iar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a peculiar manner; particulary; in a rare and striking degree; unusually.</def>

<h1>Peculiarness</h1>
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<hw>Pe*cul"iar*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being peculiar; peculiarity.</def>

<i>Mede.</i>

<h1>Peculium</h1>
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<hw>Pe*cu"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Peculiar</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Law)</fld> <def>The saving of a son or a slave with the father's or master's consent; a little property or stock of one's own; any exclusive personal or separate property.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A special fund for private and personal uses.</def>

<blockquote>A slight <b>peculium</b> only subtracted to supply his snuff box and tobacco pouch.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pecunial</h1>
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<hw>Pe*cu"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pecuniary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pecuniarily</h1>
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<hw>Pe*cun"ia*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pecuniary manner; as regards money.</def>

<h1>Pecuniary</h1>
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<hw>Pe*cun"ia*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pecuniarius</ets>, fr. <ets>pecunia</ets> money, orig., property in cattle, fr. <ets>pecus</ets> cattle: cf. F. <ets>p\'82cuniaire</ets>. See <er>Fee</er>, and cf. <er>Peculiar</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to money; monetary; <as>as, a <ex>pecuniary</ex> penalty; a <ex>pecuniary</ex> reward.</as></def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Pecunious</h1>
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<hw>Pe*cu"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pecuniosus</ets>, fr. <ets>pecunia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>p\'82cunieux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Abounding in money; wealthy; rich.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Ped</h1>
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<hw>Ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. See <er>Peddler</er>.]</ety> <def>A basket; a hammer; a pannier.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Pedage</h1>
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<hw>Ped"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>pedagium</ets>, for <ets>pedaticum</ets>. See <er>Paage</er>.]</ety> <def>A toll or tax paid by passengers, entitling them to safe-conduct and protection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spelman.</i>

<h1>Pedagog</h1>
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<hw>Ped"a*gog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pedagogue.</def>

<h1>Pedagogic</h1>
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<hw>Ped`a*gog"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pedagogic</er>, <tt>a.</tt>; cf. G. <ets>pedagogik</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Pedagogics</er>.</def>

<h1>Pedagogic, Pedagogical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ped`a*gog"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ped`a*gog"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>p\'82dagogique</ets>. See <er>Pedagogue</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a pedagogue; suited to, or characteristic of, a pedagogue.</def>

<h1>Pedagogics</h1>
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<hw>Ped`a*gog"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science or art of teaching; the principles and rules of teaching; pedagogy.</def>

<h1>Pedagogism</h1>
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<hw>Ped"a*gog*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82dagogisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The system, occupation, character, or manner of pedagogues.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Avocation of pedantry and <b>pedagogism</b>.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pedagogue</h1>
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<hw>Ped"a*gogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'82dagogue</ets>, L. <ets>paedagogus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, a boy + <?/ to lead, guide; cf. <?/ leading. See <er>Page</er> a servant, <er>Agent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A slave who led his master's children to school, and had the charge of them generally.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A teacher of children; one whose occupation is to teach the young; a schoolmaster.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who by teaching has become formal, positive, or pedantic in his ways; one who has the manner of a schoolmaster; a pedant.</def>

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<h1>Pedagogue</h1>
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<hw>Ped"a*gogue</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>paedagogare</ets> to instruct.]</ety> <def>To play the pedagogue toward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Pedagogy</h1>
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<hw>Ped"a*go`gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>p\'82dagogie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pedagogics; pedagogism.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Pedal</h1>
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<hw>Pe"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pedalis</ets>, fr. <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot. See <er>Foot</er>, and cf. <er>Pew</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the foot, or to feet, literally or figuratively; specifically <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, pertaining to the foot of a mollusk; <as>as, the <ex>pedal</ex> ganglion</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a pedal; having pedals.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Pedal curve</col> &or; <col>surface</col></mcol> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the curve or surface which is the locus of the feet of perpendiculars let fall from a fixed point upon the straight lines tangent to a given curve, or upon the planes tangent to a given surface.</cd> -- <col>Pedal note</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the note which is held or sustained through an organ point. See <cref>Organ point</cref>, under <er>Organ</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pedal organ</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>an organ which has pedals or a range of keys moved by the feet; that portion of a full organ which is played with the feet.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pedal</h1>
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<hw>Pe"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82dale</ets>, It. <ets>pedale</ets>. See <er>Pedal</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A lever or key acted on by the foot, as in the pianoforte to raise the dampers, or in the organ to open and close certain pipes; a treadle, as in a lathe or a bicycle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A pedal curve or surface.</def>

<h1>Pedalian</h1>
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<hw>Pe*da"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the foot, or to a metrical foot; pedal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Maunder.</i>

<h1>Pedality</h1>
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<hw>Pe*dal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of measuring by paces.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Pedaneous</h1>
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<hw>Pe*da"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pedaneus</ets> of the size of a foot.]</ety> <def>Going on foot; pedestrian.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pedant</h1>
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<hw>Ped"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'82dant</ets>, It. <ets>pedante</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ to instruct, from <grk>pai^s</grk> boy. See <er>Pedagogue</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A schoolmaster; a pedagogue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>pedant</b> that keeps a school i'th' church.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who puts on an air of learning; one who makes a vain display of learning; a pretender to superior knowledge.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>A scholar, yet surely no <b>pedant</b>, was he.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pedantic, Pedantical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pe*dan"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pe*dan"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a pedant; characteristic of, or resembling, a pedant; ostentatious of learning; <as>as, a <ex>pedantic</ex> writer; a <ex>pedantic</ex> description; a <ex>pedantical</ex> affectation.</as></def> "Figures <i>pedantical</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pedantically</h1>
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<hw>Pe*dan"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pedantic manner.</def>

<h1>Pedanticly</h1>
<Xpage=1056>

<hw>Pe*dan"tic*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Pedantically.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pedantism</h1>
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<hw>Ped"ant*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office, disposition, or act of a pedant; pedantry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pedantize</h1>
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<hw>Ped"ant*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82dantiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To play the pedant; to use pedantic expressions.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pedantocracy</h1>
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<hw>Ped`an*toc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pedant</ets> + demo<ets>cracy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The sway of pedants.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Pedantry</h1>
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<hw>Ped"ant*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82danterie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act, character, or manners of a pedant; vain ostentation of learning.</def> "This <i>pedantry</i> of quotation."

<i>Cowley.</i>

<blockquote>'T is a practice that savors much of <b>pedantry</b>.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pedanty</h1>
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<hw>Ped"ant*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An assembly or clique of pedants.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Pedarian</h1>
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<hw>Pe*da"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pedarius</ets>, fr. <ets>pedarius</ets> belonging to the foot, fr. <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>One of a class eligible to the office of senator, but not yet chosen, who could sit and speak in the senate, but could not vote; -- so called because he might indicate his opinion by walking over to the side of the party he favored when a vote was taken.</def>

<h1>Pedary</h1>
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<hw>Ped"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pedaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>pedarius</ets> of the foot.]</ety> <def>A sandal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Pedata</h1>
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<hw>Pe*da"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pedate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of holothurians, including those that have ambulacral suckers, or feet, and an internal gill.</def>

<hr>
<page="1057">
Page 1057<p>

<h1>Pedate</h1>
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<hw>Ped"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pedatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>pedare</ets> to furnish with feet, fr. <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, a foot.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Palmate, with the lateral lobes cleft into two or more segments; -- said of a leaf.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ped"ate*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pedatifid</h1>
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<hw>Pe*dat"i*fid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pedate</ets> + root of L. <ets>findere</ets> to split.]</ety> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <def>Cleft in a pedate manner, but having the lobes distinctly connected at the base; -- said of a leaf.</def>

<h1>Peddle</h1>
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<hw>Ped"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Peddler</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To travel about with wares for sale; to go from place to place, or from house to house, for the purpose of retailing goods; <as>as, to <ex>peddle</ex> without a license</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To do a small business; to be busy about trifles; to piddle.</def>

<h1>Peddle</h1>
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<hw>Ped"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Peddled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Peddling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To sell from place to place; to retail by carrying around from customer to customer; to hawk; hence, to retail in very small quantities; <as>as, to <ex>peddle</ex> vegetables or tinware</as>.</def>

<h1>Peddler</h1>
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<hw>Ped"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pedlere</ets>, <ets>pedlare</ets>, also <ets>peddare</ets>, <ets>peoddare</ets>, fr. OE. <ets>ped</ets> a basket, of unknown origin.]</ety> <def>One who peddles; a traveling trader; one who travels about, retailing small wares; a hawker.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pedlar</asp> and <asp>pedler</asp>.]</altsp> "Some vagabond huckster or <i>peddler</i>."

<i>Hakluyt.</i>

<h1>Peddlery</h1>
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<hw>Ped"dler*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>pedlary</ets> and <ets>pedlery</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The trade, or the goods, of a peddler; hawking; small retail business, like that of a peddler.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Trifling; trickery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Look . . . into these their deceitful <i>peddleries</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Peddling</h1>
<Xpage=1057>

<hw>Ped"dling</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hawking; acting as a peddler.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Petty; insignificant.</def> "The miserable remains of a <i>peddling</i> commerce."

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Pederast</h1>
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<hw>Ped"er*ast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>paiderasth`s</grk>; <grk>pai^s</grk>, <grk>paido`s</grk>, a boy + <grk>'era^n</grk> to love: cf. F. <ets>p\'82d\'82raste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One guilty of pederasty; a sodomite.</def>

<h1>Pederastic</h1>
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<hw>Ped`er*as"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>paiderastiko`s</grk>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to pederasty.</def>

<h1>Pederasty</h1>
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<hw>Ped"er*as`ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>paiderasti`a</grk>: cf. F. <ets>p\'82d\'82rastie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The crime against nature; sodomy.</def><-- esp. with a boy -->

<h1>Pederero</h1>
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<hw>Ped`e*re"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>pedrero</ets>, fr. OSp. <ets>pedra</ets>, Sp. <ets>piedra</ets>, a stone, L. <ets>petra</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. So named because it was at first charged with stones.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A term formerly applied to a short piece of chambered ordnance.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>paterero</asp> and <asp>peterero</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pedesis</h1>
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<hw>Pe*de"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a leaping.]</ety> <def>Same as <i>Brownian movement</i>, under <er>Brownian</er>.</def>

<h1>Pedestal</h1>
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<hw>Ped"es*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>pedestal</ets>; cf. F. <ets>pi\'82destal</ets>, It. <ets>piedestallo</ets>; fr. L. <ets>es</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot + OHG. <ets>stal</ets> standing place, station, place, akin to E. <ets>stall</ets>. See <er>Foot</er>, and <er>Stall</er>, and <er>Footstall</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The base or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp, or the like; the part on which an upright work stands. It consists of three parts, the base, the die or dado, and the cornice or surbase molding. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Column</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Build him a <b>pedestal</b>, and say, "Stand there!"
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Railroad Cars)</fld> <def>A casting secured to the frame of a truck and forming a jaw for holding a journal box.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A pillow block; a low housing</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Bridge Building)</fld> <def>An iron socket, or support, for the foot of a brace at the end of a truss where it rests on a pier.</def>

<cs><col>Pedestal coil</col> <fld>(steam Heating)</fld>, <cd>a group of connected straight pipes arranged side by side and one above another, -- used in a radiator.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pedestaled</h1>
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<hw>Ped"es*taled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Placed on, or supported by, a pedestal; figuratively, exalted.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<blockquote><b>Pedestaled</b> haply in a palace court.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pedestrial</h1>
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<hw>Pe*des"tri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pedester</ets>, <ets>-esteris</ets>, fr. <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, a foot: cf. F. <ets>p\'82destere</ets>. See <er>Pedal</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the feet; employing the foot or feet.</def>

<h1>Pedestrially</h1>
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<hw>Pe*des"tri*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pedestrial manner.</def>

<h1>Pedestrian</h1>
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<hw>Pe*des"tri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Going on foot; performed on foot; <as>as, a <ex>pedestrian</ex> journey</as>.</def>

<h1>Pedestrian</h1>
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<hw>Pe*des"tri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A walker; one who journeys on foot; a foot traveler; specif., a professional walker or runner.</def>

<h1>Pedestrianism</h1>
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<hw>Pe*des"tri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act, art, or practice of a pedestrian; walking or running; traveling or racing on foot.</def>

<h1>Pedestrianize</h1>
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<hw>Pe*des"tri*an*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pedestrianized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pedestrianizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To practice walking; to travel on foot.</def>

<h1>Pedestrious</h1>
<Xpage=1057>

<hw>Pe*des"tri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Going on foot; not winged.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Pedestrious</i> animals."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Pedetentous</h1>
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<hw>Ped`e*ten"tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot + <ets>tendere</ets> to stretch out: cf. L. <ets>tentim</ets> by degrees.]</ety> <def>Proceeding step by step; advancing cautiously.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>That <b>pedetentous</b> pace and <b>pedetentous</b> mind in which it behooves the wise and virtuous improver to walk.
<i>Sydney Smith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pedi-, Pedo-</h1>
<Xpage=1057>

<hw><hw>Ped"i-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ped"o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <ety>[See <er>Foot</er>.]</ety> <def>Combining forms from L. <i>pes</i>, <i>pedis</i>, foot, <as>as <ex>pedi</ex>palp, <ex>pedi</ex>reme, <ex>pedo</ex>meter</as>.</def>

<h1>Pedial</h1>
<Xpage=1057>

<hw>Pe"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the foot, or to any organ called a foot; pedal.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Pedicel</h1>
<Xpage=1057>

<hw>Ped"i*cel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'82dicelle</ets>. See <er>Pedicle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A stalk which supports one flower or fruit, whether solitary or one of many ultimate divisions of a common peduncle. See <er>Peduncle</er>, and <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Flower</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A slender support of any special organ, as that of a capsule in mosses, an air vesicle in alg\'91, or a sporangium in ferns.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A slender stem by which certain of the lower animals or their eggs are attached. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Aphis lion</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The ventral part of each side of the neural arch connecting with the centrum of a vertebra.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An outgrowth of the frontal bones, which supports the antlers or horns in deer and allied animals.</def>

<h1>Pediceled</h1>
<Xpage=1057>

<hw>Ped"i*celed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pedicellate.</def>

<h1>Pedicellaria</h1>
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<hw>Ped`i*cel*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pedicellari\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Pedicel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A peculiar forcepslike organ which occurs in large numbers upon starfishes and echini. Those of starfishes have two movable jaws, or blades, and are usually nearly, or quite, sessile; those of echini usually have three jaws and a pedicel. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Pedicellate</h1>
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<hw>Ped"i*cel`late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a pedicel; supported by a pedicel.</def>

<h1>Pedicellina</h1>
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<hw>Ped`i*cel*li"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pedicel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of Bryozoa, of the order Entoprocta, having a bell-shaped body supported on a slender pedicel. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Entoprocta</er>.</def>

<h1>Pedicle</h1>
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<hw>Ped"i*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pediculus</ets> a little foot, dim. of <ets>pes</ets> foot: cf. F. <ets>p\'82dicule</ets>. See <er>edal</er>, and cf. <er>Pedicel</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Pedicel</er>.</def>

<h1>Pedicular</h1>
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<hw>Pe*dic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pedicularis</ets>, fr. <ets>pediculus</ets> a louse: cf. F. <ets>p\'82diculaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to lice; having the lousy distemper (phthiriasis); lousy.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Pediculate</h1>
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<hw>Pe*dic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pediculati.</def>

<h1>Pediculati</h1>
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<hw>Pe*dic`u*la"ti</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pedicle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes including the anglers. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Angler</er> and <er>Batfish</er>.</def>

<h1>Pediculation</h1>
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<hw>Pe*dic`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Phthiriasis.</def>

<h1>Pedicule</h1>
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<hw>Ped"i*cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pedicle</er>.]</ety> <def>A pedicel.</def>

<h1>Pediculina</h1>
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<hw>Pe*dic`u*li"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pediculus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of parasitic hemipterous insects, including the true lice. See <i>Illust</i>. in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Pediculous</h1>
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<hw>Pe*dic"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pediculosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pedicular.</def>

<h1>Pediculus</h1>
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<hw>Pe*dic"u*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pediculi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a louse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of wingless parasitic Hemiptera, including the common lice of man. See <er>Louse</er>.</def>

<h1>Pediform</h1>
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<hw>Ped"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pedi-</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like a foot.</def>

<h1>Pedigerous</h1>
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<hw>Pe*dig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pedi-</ets> + <ets>-gerous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Bearing or having feet or legs.</def>

<h1>Pedigree</h1>
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<hw>Ped"i*gree</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of unknown origin; possibly fr. F. <ets>par degr\'82s</ets> by degrees, -- for a pedigree is properly a genealogical table which records the relationship of families <ets>by degrees</ets>; or, perh., fr. F. <ets>pied de grue</ets> crane's foot, from the shape of the heraldic genealogical trees.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A line of ancestors; descent; lineage; genealogy; a register or record of a line of ancestors.</def>

<blockquote>Alterations of surnames . . . have obscured the truth of our <b>pedigrees</b>.
<i>Camden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His vanity labored to contrive us a <b>pedigree</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am no herald to inquire of men's <b>pedigrees</b>.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Jews preserved the <b>pedigrees</b> of their tribes.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Stock Breeding)</fld> <def>A record of the lineage or strain of an animal, as of a horse.</def>

<h1>Pediluvy</h1>
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<hw>Ped"i*lu`vy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pedi-</ets> + L. <ets>luere</ets> to wash: cf. It. & Sp. <ets>pediluvio</ets>, F. <ets>p\'82diluve</ets>.]</ety-> <def>The bathing of the feet, a bath for the feet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pedimana</h1>
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<hw>Pe*dim"a*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot + <ets>manus</ets> hand.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of marsupials, including the opossums.</def>

<h1>Pedimane</h1>
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<hw>Ped"i*mane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82dimane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A pedimanous marsupial; an opossum.</def>

<h1>Pedimanous</h1>
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<hw>Pe*dim"a*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pedimana</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having feet resembling hands, or with the first toe opposable, as the opossums and monkeys.</def>

<h1>Pediment</h1>
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<hw>Ped"i*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, a foot. See <er>Foot</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Originally, in classical architecture, the triangular space forming the gable of a simple roof; hence, a similar form used as a decoration over porticoes, doors, windows, etc.; also, a rounded or broken frontal having a similar position and use. See <er>Temple</er>.</def>

<h1>Pedimental</h1>
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<hw>Ped`i*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a pediment.</def>

<h1>Pedipalp</h1>
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<hw>Ped"i*palp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82dipalpe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Pedipalpi.</def>

<h1>Pedipalpi</h1>
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<hw>Ped`i*pal"pi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pedipalpus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Arachnida, including the whip scorpions (<spn>Thelyphonus</spn>) and allied forms. Sometimes used in a wider sense to include also the true scorpions.</def>

<h1>Pedipalpous</h1>
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<hw>Ped`i*pal"pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the pedipalps.</def>

<h1>Pedipalpus</h1>
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<hw>Ped`i*pal"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pedipalpi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Pes</er>, and <er>Palpus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the second pair of mouth organs of arachnids. In some they are leglike, but in others, as the scorpion, they terminate in a claw.</def>

<h1>Pedireme</h1>
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<hw>Ped"i*reme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pedi-</ets> + L. <ets>remus</ets> oar.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A crustacean, some of whose feet serve as oars.</def>

<h1>Pedlar, Pedler</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ped"lar</hw>, <hw>Ped"ler</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Peddler</er>.</def>

<h1>Pedobaptism</h1>
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<hw>Pe`do*bap"tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a child + E. <ets>baptism</ets>.]</ety> <def>The baptism of infants or of small children.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>p\'91dobaptism</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pedobaptist</h1>
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<hw>Pe`do*bap"tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who advocates or practices infant baptism.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>p\'91dobaptist</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pedomancy</h1>
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<hw>Ped"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pedi-</ets> + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by examining the soles of the feet.</def>

<h1>Pedometer</h1>
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<hw>Pe*dom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pedi-</ets>, <ets>pedo-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>p\'82dom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>An instrument for including the number of steps in walking, and so ascertaining the distance passed over. It is usually in the form of a watch; an oscillating weight by the motion of the body causes the index to advance a certain distance at each step.</def>

<h1>Pedometric, Pedometrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ped`o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ped`o*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or measured by, a pedometer.</def>

<h1>Pedomotive</h1>
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<hw>Ped`o*mo"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pedi-</ets>, <ets>pedo-</ets> + <ets>-motive</ets>.]</ety> <def>Moved or worked by the action of the foot or feet on a pedal or treadle.</def>

<h1>Pedotrophy</h1>
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<hw>Pe*dot"ro*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, a child + <?/ to nourish: cf. F. <ets>p\'82dotrophie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of nourishing children properly.</def>

<h1>Pedregal</h1>
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<hw>Pe`dre*gal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., a stony place, fr. <ets>piedra</ets> stone.]</ety> <def>A lava field.</def> <mark>[Mexico & Western U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Peduncle</h1>
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<hw>Pe*dun"cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formed fr. (assumed) L. <ets>pedunculus</ets>, dim. of <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, a foot: cf. F. <ets>p\'82doncule</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The stem or stalk that supports the flower or fruit of a plant, or a cluster of flowers or fruits.</def>

<note>&hand; The ultimate divisions or branches of a peduncle are called <i>pedicels</i>. In the case of a solitary flower, the stalk would be called a <i>peduncle</i> if the flower is large, and a <i>pedicel</i> if it is small or delicate.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sort of stem by which certain shells and barnacles are attached to other objects. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Barnacle</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A band of nervous or fibrous matter connecting different parts of the brain; <as>as, the <ex>peduncles</ex> of the cerebellum; the <ex>peduncles</ex> of the pineal gland.</as></def>

<h1>Peduncled</h1>
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<hw>Pe*dun"cled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a peduncle; supported on a peduncle; pedunculate.</def>

<h1>Peduncular</h1>
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<hw>Pe*dun"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82donculaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a peduncle; growing from a peduncle; <as>as, a <ex>peduncular</ex> tendril</as>.</def>

<h1>Pedunculata</h1>
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<hw>Pe*dun`cu*la"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Peduncle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Cirripedia, including the stalked or goose barnacles.</def>

<h1>Pedunculate, Pedunculated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pe*dun"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pe*dun"cu*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having a peduncle; growing on a peduncle; <as>as, a <ex>pedunculate</ex> flower; a <ex>pedunculate</ex> eye, as in a lobster.</as></def>

<h1>Pee</h1>
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<hw>Pee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 1st <er>Pea</er>.</def>

<h1>Pee</h1>
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<hw>Pee</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Bill of an anchor. See <er>Peak</er>, 3 <sd>(c)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Peece</h1>
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<hw>Peece</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Piece</er>.</def>

<h1>Peechi</h1>
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<hw>Pee"chi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dauw.</def>

<h1>Peek</h1>
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<hw>Peek</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>piken</ets>: cf. F. <ets>piquer</ets> to pierce, prick, E. <ets>pique</ets>. Cf. <er>Peak</er>.]</ety> <def>To look slyly, or with the eyes half closed, or through a crevice; to peep.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Peekaboo</h1>
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<hw>Peek"a*boo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A child's game; bopeep.</def>

<h1>Peel</h1>
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<hw>Peel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pel</ets>. Cf. <er>Pile</er> a heap.]</ety> <def>A small tower, fort, or castle; a keep.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Peel</h1>
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<hw>Peel</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pelle</ets>, L. <ets>pala</ets>.]</ety> <def>A spadelike implement, variously used, as for removing loaves of bread from a baker's oven; also, a T-shaped implement used by printers and bookbinders for hanging wet sheets of paper on lines or poles to dry. Also, the blade of an oar.</def>

<h1>Peel</h1>
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<hw>Peel</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Confused with <ets>peel</ets> to strip, but fr. F. <ets>piller</ets> to pillage. See <er>Pill</er> to rob, <er>Pillage</er>.]</ety> <def>To plunder; to pillage; to rob.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>But govern ill the nations under yoke,
<b>Peeling</b> their provinces.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Peel</h1>
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<hw>Peel</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Peeled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Peeling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>peler</ets> to pull out the hair, to strip, to peel, fr. L. <ets>pilare</ets> to deprive of hair, fr. <ets>pilus</ets> a hair; or perh. partly fr. F. <ets>peler</ets> to peel off the skin, perh. fr. L. <ets>pellis</ets> skin (cf. <er>Fell</er> skin). Cf. <er>Peruke</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strip off the skin, bark, or rind of; to strip by drawing or tearing off the skin, bark, husks, etc.; to flay; to decorticate; <as>as, to <ex>peel</ex> an orange</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The skillful shepherd <b>peeled</b> me certain wands.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strip or tear off; to remove by stripping, as the skin of an animal, the bark of a tree, etc.</def>

<h1>Peel</h1>
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<hw>Peel</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lose the skin, bark, or rind; to come off, as the skin, bark, or rind does; -- often used with an adverb; <as>as, the bark <ex>peels</ex> easily or readily</as>.</def>

<h1>Peel</h1>
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<hw>Peel</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The skin or rind; <as>as, the <ex>peel</ex> of an orange</as>.</def>

<h1>Peele</h1>
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<hw>Pee"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A graceful and swift South African antelope (<spn>Pelea capreola</spn>). The hair is woolly, and ash-gray on the back and sides. The horns are black, long, slender, straight, nearly smooth, and very sharp. Called also <altname>rheeboc</altname>, and <altname>rehboc</altname>.</def>

<h1>Peeler</h1>
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<hw>Peel"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who peels or strips.</def>

<h1>Peeler</h1>
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<hw>Peel"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Peel</er> to plunder.]</ety> <def>A pillager.</def>

<h1>Peeler</h1>
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<hw>Peel"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A nickname for a policeman; -- so called from Sir Robert <i>Peel</i>. <mark>[British Slang]</mark> See <er>Bobby</er>.</def>

<h1>Peelhouse</h1>
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<hw>Peel"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 1st <er>Peel</er>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Peen</h1>
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<hw>Peen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>pinne</ets> pane of a hammer.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A round-edged, or hemispherical, end to the head of a hammer or sledge, used to stretch or bend metal by indentation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The sharp-edged end of the head of a mason's hammer.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>pane</asp>, <asp>pein</asp>, and <asp>piend</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Peen</h1>
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<hw>Peen</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To draw, bend, or straighten, as metal, by blows with the peen of a hammer or sledge.</def>

<h1>Peenge</h1>
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<hw>Peenge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To complain.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Peep</h1>
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<hw>Peep</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Peeped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Peeping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of imitative origin; cf. OE. <ets>pipen</ets>, F. <ets>piper</ets>, <ets>p\'82pier</ets>, L. <ets>pipire</ets>, <ets>pipare</ets>, <ets>pipiare</ets>, D. & G. <ets>piepen</ets>. Senses 2 and 3 perhaps come from a transfer of sense from the sound which chickens make upon the first breaking of the shell to the act accompanying it; or perhaps from the influence of <ets>peek</ets>, or <ets>peak</ets>. Cf. <er>Pipe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cry, as a chicken hatching or newly hatched; to chirp; to cheep.</def>

<blockquote>There was none that moved the wing, or opened the mouth, or <b>peeped</b>.
<i>Is. x. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To begin to appear; to look forth from concealment; to make the first appearance.</def>

<blockquote>When flowers first <b>peeped</b>, and trees did blossoms bear.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1058">
Page 1058<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To look cautiously or slyly; to peer, as through a crevice; to pry.</def>

<blockquote><b>eep</b> through the blanket of the dark.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>From her cabined loophole <b>peep</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Peep sight</col>, <cd>an adjustable piece, pierced with a small hole to peep through in aiming, attached to a rifle or other firearm near the breech.</cd></cs>

<h1>Peep</h1>
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<hw>Peep</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The cry of a young chicken; a chirp.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>First outlook or appearance.</def>

<blockquote>Oft have we seen him at the <b>peep</b> of dawn.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sly look; a look as through a crevice, or from a place of concealment.</def>

<blockquote>To take t' other <b>peep</b> at the stars.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any small sandpiper, as the least sandpiper (<spn>Trigna minutilla</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The European meadow pipit (<spn>Anthus pratensis</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>Peep show</col>, <cd>a small show, or object exhibited, which is viewed through an orifice or a magnifying glass.</cd> -- <col>Peep-o'-day boys</col>, <cd>the Irish insurgents of 1784; -- so called from their visiting the house of the loyal Irish at day break in search of arms. <mark>[Cant]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Peeper</h1>
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<hw>Peep"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chicken just breaking the shell; a young bird.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who peeps; a prying person; a spy.</def>

<blockquote>Who's there? <b>peepers</b>, . . . eavesdroppers?
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The eye; <as>as, to close the <ex>peepers</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Peephole</h1>
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<hw>Peep"hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hole, or crevice, through which one may peep without being discovered.</def>

<h1>Peeping hole</h1>
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<hw>Peep"ing hole`</hw>. <def>See <er>Peephole</er>.</def>

<h1>Peepul tree</h1>
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<hw>Pee"pul tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Hind. <ets>p\'c6pal</ets>, Skr. <ets>pippala</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A sacred tree (<spn>Ficus religiosa</spn>) of the Buddhists, a kind of fig tree which attains great size and venerable age. See <er>Bo tree</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pippul tree</asp>, and <asp>pipal tree</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Peer</h1>
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<hw>Peer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p</tt> <er>Peered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Peering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>parir</ets>, <ets>pareir</ets> equiv. to F. <ets>para\'8ctre</ets> to appear, L. <ets>parere</ets>. Cf. <er>Appear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come in sight; to appear.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>So honor <b>peereth</b> in the meanest habit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>See how his gorget <b>peers</b> above his gown!
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Perh. a different word; cf. OE. <ets>piren</ets>, LG. <ets>piren</ets>. Cf. <er>Pry</er> to peep.]</ety> <def>To look narrowly or curiously or intently; to peep; <as>as, the <ex>peering</ex> day</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote><b>Peering</b> in maps for ports, and piers, and roads.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As if through a dungeon grate he <b>peered</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Peer</h1>
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<hw>Peer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>per</ets>, OF. <ets>per</ets>, F. <ets>pair</ets>, fr. L. <ets>par</ets> equal. Cf. <er>Apparel</er>, <er>Pair</er>, <er>Par</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Umpire</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the same rank, quality, endowments, character, etc.; an equal; a match; a mate.</def>

<blockquote>In song he never had his <b>peer</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Shall they consort only with their <b>peers</b>?
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A comrade; a companion; a fellow; an associate.</def>

<blockquote>He all his <b>peers</b> in beauty did surpass.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A nobleman; a member of one of the five degrees of the British nobility, namely, duke, marquis, earl, viscount, baron; <as>as, a <ex>peer</ex> of the realm</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A noble <b>peer</b> of mickle trust and power.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>House of Peers</col>, <col>The Peers</col></mcol>, <cd>the British House of Lords. See <er>Parliament</er>.</cd> -- <col>Spiritual peers</col>, <cd>the bishops and archibishops, or lords spiritual, who sit in the House of Lords.</cd></cs>

<h1>Peer</h1>
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<hw>Peer</hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make equal in rank.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Heylin.</i>

<h1>Peer</h1>
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<hw>Peer</hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To be, or to assume to be, equal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Peerage</h1>
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<hw>Peer"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Peer</er> an equal, and cf. <er>Parage</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The rank or dignity of a peer.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The body of peers; the nobility, collectively.</def>

<blockquote>When Charlemain with all his <b>peerage</b> fell.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Peerdom</h1>
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<hw>Peer"dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Peerage; also, a lordship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Peeress</h1>
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<hw>Peer"ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The wife of a peer; a woman ennobled in her own right, or by right of marriage.</def>

<h1>Peerie, Peery</h1>
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<hw><hw>Peer"ie</hw>, <hw>Peer"y</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Peer</er>, 2.]</ety> <def>Inquisitive; suspicious; sharp.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark> "Two <i>peery</i> gray eyes."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Peerless</h1>
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<hw>Peer"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no peer or equal; matchless; superlative.</def> "Her <i>peerless</i> feature."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Unvailed her <b>peerless</b> light.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

--<wordforms><wf>Peer"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Peer"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Peert</h1>
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<hw>Peert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Peart</er>.</def>

<h1>Peerweet</h1>
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<hw>Peer"weet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Pewit</er> (<sd>a</sd> & <sd>b</sd>).</def>

<h1>Peevish</h1>
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<hw>Pee"vish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pevische</ets>; of uncertain origin, perh. from a word imitative of the noise made by fretful children + <ets>-ish</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Habitually fretful; easily vexed or fretted; hard to please; apt to complain; querulous; petulant.</def> "Her <i>peevish</i> babe."

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<blockquote>She is <b>peevish</b>, sullen, froward.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressing fretfulness and discontent, or unjustifiable dissatisfaction; <as>as, a <ex>peevish</ex> answer</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Silly; childish; trifling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To send such <b>peevish</b> tokens to a king.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Querulous; petulant; cross; ill-tempered; testy; captious; discontented. See <er>Fretful</er>.</syn>

<h1>Peevishly</h1>
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<hw>Pee"vish*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a peevish manner.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Peevishness</h1>
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<hw>Pee"vish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being peevish; disposition to murmur; sourness of temper.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Petulance</er>.</syn>

<h1>Peevit, Peewit</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pee"vit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pee"wit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Pewit</er>.</def>

<h1>Peg</h1>
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<hw>Peg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pegge</ets>; cf. Sw. <ets>pigg</ets>, Dan. <ets>pig</ets> a point, prickle, and E. <ets>peak</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small, pointed piece of wood, used in fastening boards together, in attaching the soles of boots or shoes, etc.; <as>as, a shoe <ex>peg</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wooden pin, or nail, on which to hang things, as coats, etc. Hence, colloquially and figuratively: A support; a reason; a pretext; <as>as, a <ex>peg</ex> to hang a claim upon</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of the pins of a musical instrument, on which the strings are strained.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One of the pins used for marking points on a cribbage board.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A step; a degree; esp. in the slang phrase "To take one down <i>peg</i>."</def>

<blockquote>To screw papal authority to the highest <b>peg</b>.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And took your grandess down a <b>peg</b>.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Peg ladder</col>, <cd>a ladder with but one standard, into which cross pieces are inserted.</cd> -- <col>Peg tankard</col>, <cd>an ancient tankard marked with pegs, so as divide the liquor into equal portions.</cd> "Drink down to your <i>peg<i>." <i>Longfellow</i>. -- <col>Peg tooth</col>. <cd>See <cref>Fleam tooth</cref> under <er>Fleam</er>.</cd> -- <col>Peg top</col>, <cd>a boy's top which is spun by throwing it.</cd> -- <col>Screw peg</col>, <cd>a small screw without a head, for fastening soles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Peg</h1>
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<hw>Peg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pegged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pegging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put pegs into; to fasten the parts of with pegs; <as>as, to <ex>peg</ex> shoes</as>; to confine with pegs; to restrict or limit closely.</def>

<blockquote>I will rend an oak
And <b>peg</b> thee in his knotty entrails.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cribbage)</fld> <def>To score with a peg, as points in the game; <as>as, she <ex>pegged</ex> twelwe points</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Peg</h1>
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<hw>Peg</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To work diligently, as one who pegs shoes; -- usually with <i>on</i>, <i>at</i>, or <i>away</i>; <as>as, to <ex>peg</ex> away at a task</as>.</def>

<h1>Pegador</h1>
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<hw>Pe`ga*dor"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., a sticker.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of remora (<spn>Echeneis naucrates</spn>). See <er>Remora</er>.</def>

<h1>Pegasean</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ga"se*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Pegasus, or, figuratively, to poetry.</def>

<h1>Pegasoid</h1>
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<hw>Peg"a*soid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pegasus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to Pegasus.</def>

<h1>Pegasus</h1>
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<hw>Peg"a*sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>A winged horse fabled to have sprung from the body of Medusa when she was slain. He is noted for causing, with a blow of his hoof, Hippocrene, the inspiring fountain of the Muses, to spring from Mount Helicon. On this account he is, in modern times, associated with the Muses, and with ideas of poetic inspiration.</def>

<blockquote>Each spurs his jaded <b>Pegasus</b> apace.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A northen constellation near the vernal equinoctial point. Its three brightest stars, with the brightest star of Andromeda, form the <i>square of Pegasus</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small fishes, having large pectoral fins, and the body covered with hard, bony plates. Several species are known from the East Indies and China.</def>

<h1>Pegger</h1>
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<hw>Peg"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who fastens with pegs.</def>

<h1>Pegging</h1>
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<hw>Peg"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of fastening with pegs.</def>

<h1>Pegm</h1>
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<hw>Pegm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pegma</ets> a movable stage, Gr. <?/, orig., a framework.]</ety> <def>A sort of moving machine employed in the old pageants.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Pegmatite</h1>
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<hw>Peg"ma*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ something fastened together, in allusion to the quartz and feldspar in graphic granite: cf. F. <ets>pegmatite</ets>. See <er>Pegm</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Graphic granite. See under <er>Granite</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>More generally, a coarse granite occurring as vein material in other rocks.</def>

<h1>Pegmatitic</h1>
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<hw>Peg`ma*tit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, pegmatite; <as>as, the <ex>pegmatic</ex> structure of certain rocks resembling graphic granite</as>.</def>

<h1>Pegtatoid</h1>
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<hw>Peg"ta*toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pegmatite</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Resembling pegmatite; pegmatic.</def>

<h1>Pegomancy</h1>
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<hw>Peg"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fountain + <ets>-macy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by fountains.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pegroots</h1>
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<hw>Peg"roots`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Setterwort</er>.</def>

<h1>Pehlevi</h1>
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<hw>Peh"le*vi`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Parsee <ets>Pahlavi</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ancient Persian dialect in which words were partly represented by their Semitic equivalents. It was in use from the 3d century (and perhaps earlier) to the middle of the 7th century, and later in religious writings.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Pahlavi</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pein</h1>
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<hw>Pein</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Peen</er>.</def>

<h1>Peirameter</h1>
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<hw>Pei*ram"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a trail + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dynamometer for measuring the force required to draw wheel carriages on roads of different constructions.</def>

<i>G. Francis.</i>

<h1>Peirastic</h1>
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<hw>Pei*ras"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to try, fr. <?/ a trail.]</ety> <def>Fitted for trail or test; experimental; tentative; treating of attempts.</def>

<h1>Peise</h1>
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<hw>Peise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Poise</er>.]</ety> <def>A weight; a poise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To weigh pence with a <i>peise</i>."

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Peise</h1>
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<hw>Peise</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To poise or weight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Lest leaden slumber <b>peise</b> me down.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Peitrel</h1>
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<hw>Pei"trel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>See <er>Peytrel</er>.</def>

<h1>Pejorative</h1>
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<hw>Pe*jor"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'82joratif</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pejor</ets>, used as compar. of <ets>malus</ets> evil.]</ety> <def>Implying or imputing evil; depreciatory; disparaging; unfavorable.</def>

<h1>Pekan</h1>
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<hw>Pek"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pekan</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Fisher</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Pekoe</h1>
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<hw>Pek"oe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Chin. <ets>pih-hoau</ets>: cf. F. <ets>peko\'89</ets>]</ety> <def>A kind of black tea.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pecco</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pela</h1>
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<hw>Pe"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Wax insect</cref>, under <er>Wax</er>.</def>

<h1>Pelage</h1>
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<hw>Pel"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pelage</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pilus</ets> hair.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The covering, or coat, of a mammal, whether of wool, fur, or hair.</def>

<h1>Pelagian</h1>
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<hw>Pe*la"gi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pelagius</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ the sea: cf. F. <ets>p\'82lagien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the sea; marine; pelagic; <as>as, <ex>pelagian</ex> shells</as>.</def>

<h1>Pelagian</h1>
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<hw>Pe*la"gi*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Pelagianus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>p\'82lagien</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of <ets>Pelagius</ets>, a British monk, born in the later part of the 4th century, who denied the doctrines of hereditary sin, of the connection between sin and death, and of conversion through grace.</def>

<h1>Pelagian</h1>
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<hw>Pe*la"gi*an</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82lagien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Pelagius, or to his doctrines.</def>

<h1>Pelagianism</h1>
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<hw>Pe*la"gi*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82lagianisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrines of Pelagius.</def>

<h1>Pelagic</h1>
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<hw>Pe*lag"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pelagicus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the ocean; -- applied especially to animals that live at the surface of the ocean, away from the coast.</def>

<h1>Pelargonic</h1>
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<hw>Pel`ar*gon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid (called also <i>nonoic acid</i>) found in the leaves of the geranium (<spn>Pelargonium</spn>) and allied plants.</def>

<h1>Pelargonium</h1>
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<hw>Pel`ar*go"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a stork.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large genus of plants of the order <spn>Geraniace\'91</spn>, differing from Geranium in having a spurred calyx and an irregular corolla.</def>

<note>&hand; About one hundred and seventy species are known, nearly all of them natives of South Africa, and many having very beautiful blossoms. See the Note under <er>Geranium</er>.</note>

<h1>Pelasgian, Pelasgic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pe*las"gi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pe*las"gic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Pelasgus</ets>, Gr. <?/ a Pelasgian.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pelasgians, an ancient people of Greece, of roving habits.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Wandering.</def>

<h1>Pelecan</h1>
<Xpage=1058>

<hw>Pel"e*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Pelican</er>.</def>

<h1>Pelecaniformes</h1>
<Xpage=1058>

<hw>Pel`e*can`i*for"mes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pelican</er>, and <er>-form</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Those birds that are related to the pelican; the Totipalmi.</def>

<h1>Pelecoid</h1>
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<hw>Pel"e*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a hatchet + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A figure, somewhat hatched-shaped, bounded by a semicircle and two inverted quadrants, and equal in area to the square <i>ABCD</i> inclosed by the chords of the four quadrants.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pelicoid</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Math. Dict.</i>

<h1>Pelecypoda</h1>
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<hw>Pel`e*cyp"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a hatchet + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Lamellibranchia</er>.</def>

<h1>Pelegrine</h1>
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<hw>Pel"e*grine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Peregrine</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pelerine</h1>
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<hw>Pel"er*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'8alerine</ets> a tippet, fr. <ets>p\'8alerin</ets> a pilgrim, fr. L. <ets>peregrinus</ets> foreign, alien. See <er>Pilgrim</er>.]</ety> <def>A woman's cape; especially, a fur cape that is longer in front than behind.</def>

<h1>Pelf</h1>
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<hw>Pelf</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pelfir</ets> booty, OF. <ets>pelfre</ets>, akin to <ets>pelfrer</ets> to plunder, and perh. to E. <ets>pillage</ets>. Cf. <er>Pilfer</er>.]</ety> <def>Money; riches; lucre; gain; -- generally conveying the idea of something ill-gotten or worthless. It has no plural.</def> "Mucky <i>pelf</i>." <i>Spenser</i>. "Paltry <i>pelf</i>." <i>Burke</i>.

<blockquote>Can their <b>pelf</b> prosper, not got by valor or industry?
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pelfish</h1>
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<hw>Pelf"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to pelf.</def>

<i>Stanyhurst.</i>

<h1>Pelfray, Pelfry</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pel"fray</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pel"fry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pelf; also, figuratively, rubbish; trash.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cranmer.</i>

<h1>Pelican</h1>
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<hw>Pel"i*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'82lican</ets>, L. <ets>pelicanus</ets>, <ets>pelecanus</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, <?/, the woodpecker, and also a water bird of the pelican kind, fr. <?/ to hew with an ax, akin to Skr. <ets>para&cced;u</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pelecan</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any large webfooted bird of the genus of <spn>Pelecanus</spn>, of which about a dozen species are known. They have an enormous bill, to the lower edge of which is attached a pouch in which captured fishes are temporarily stored.</def>

<note>&hand; The American white pelican (<spn>Pelecanus erythrorhynchos</spn>) and the brown species (<spn>P. fuscus</spn>) are abundant on the Florida coast in winter, but breed about the lakes in the Rocky Mountains and British America.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>A retort or still having a curved tube or tubes leading back from the head to the body for continuous condensation and redistillation.</def>

<note>&hand; The principle is still employed in certain modern forms of distilling apparatus.</note>

<cs><col>Frigate pelican</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the frigate bird. See under <er>Frigate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pelican fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>deep-sea fish (<spn>Eurypharynx pelecanoides</spn>) of the order <spn>Lyomeri</spn>, remarkable for the enormous development of the jaws, which support a large gular pouch.</cd> -- <col>Pelican flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the very large and curiously shaped blossom of a climbing plant (<spn>Aristolochia grandiflora</spn>) of the West Indies; also, the plant itself.</cd> -- <col>Pelican ibis</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large Asiatic wood ibis (<spn>Tantalus leucocephalus</spn>). The head and throat are destitute of feathers; the plumage is white, with the quills and the tail greenish black.</cd> -- <col>Pelican in her piety</col> (in heraldry and symbolical art), <cd>a representation of a pelican in the act of wounding her breast in order to nourish her young with her blood; -- a practice fabulously attributed to the bird, on account of which it was adopted as a symbol of the Redeemer, and of charity.</cd> -- <col>Pelican's foot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a marine gastropod shell of the genus <spn>Aporrhais</spn>, esp. <spn>Aporrhais pes-pelicani</spn> of Europe.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pelick</h1>
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<hw>Pel"ick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American coot (<spn>Fulica</spn>).</def>

<h1>Pelicoid</h1>
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<hw>Pel"i*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pelecoid</er>.</def>

<h1>Pelicosauria</h1>
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<hw>Pel`i*co*sau"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a wooden bowl (but taken to mean, pelvis) + <?/ a lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A suborder of Theromorpha, including terrestrial reptiles from the Permian formation.</def>

<h1>Peliom</h1>
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<hw>Pe"li*om</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pelioma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of iolite, of a smoky blue color; pelioma.</def>

<h1>Pelioma</h1>
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<hw>Pe`li*o"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ livid.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A livid ecchymosis.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Peliom</er>.</def>

<h1>Pelisse</h1>
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<hw>Pe*lisse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>pelliceus</ets>, <ets>pellicius</ets>, made of skins, fr. <ets>pellis</ets> a skin. Cf. <er>Pelt</er> skin, <er>Pilch</er>, and see 2d <er>Pell</er>.]</ety> <def>An outer garment for men or women, originally of fur, or lined with fur; a lady's outer garment, made of silk or other fabric.</def>

<h1>Pell</h1>
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<hw>Pell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Pelt</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To pelt; to knock about.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Pell</h1>
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<hw>Pell</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pel</ets>, F. <ets>peau</ets>, L. <ets>pellis</ets> a skin. See <er>Fell</er> a skin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A skin or hide; a pelt.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A roll of parchment; a parchment record.</def>

<cs><col>Clerk of the pells</col>, <cd>formerly, an officer of the exchequer who entered accounts on certain parchment rolls, called <i>pell rolls<i>. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Pellack</h1>
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<hw>Pel"lack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gael. <er>Peileag</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A porpoise.</def>

<h1>Pellage</h1>
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<hw>Pell"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Pell</er>.]</ety> <def>A customs duty on skins of leather.</def>

<hr>
<page="1059">
Page 1059<p>

<h1>Pellagrin</h1>
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<hw>Pel"la*grin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is afficted with pellagra.</def>

<i>Chambers's Encyc.</i>

<h1>Pellet</h1>
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<hw>Pel"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pelote</ets>, LL. <ets>pelota</ets>, <ets>pilota</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pila</ets> a ball. Cf. <er>Platoon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little ball; <as>as, a <ex>pellet</ex> of wax <?/ paper</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bullet; a ball for firearms.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>As swift as a <b>pellet</b> out of a gun.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Pellet molding</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a narrow band ornamented with smalt, flat disks.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pellet</h1>
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<hw>Pel"let</hw>, <tt>v.<?/.</tt> <def>To form into small balls.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pelleted</h1>
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<hw>Pel"let*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of, or like, pellets; furnished with pellets.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "This <i>pelleted</i> storm."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pellibranchiata</h1>
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<hw>Pel`li*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>pellis</ets> garment + <ets>branchia</ets> a gill.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Nudibranchiata, in which the mantle itself serves as a gill.</def>

<h1>Pellicle</h1>
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<hw>Pel"li*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pellicu<?/a</ets>, dim. of <ets>pellis</ets> skin: cf. F. <ets>pellicule</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thin skin or film.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A thin film formed on the surface of an evaporating solution.</def>

<h1>Pellicular</h1>
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<hw>Pel*lic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a pellicle.</def>

<i>Henslow.</i>

<h1>Pellile</h1>
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<hw>Pel*li"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The redshank; -- so called from its note.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Pellitory</h1>
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<hw>Pel"li*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>paritorie</ets>, OF. <ets>paritoire</ets>, F. <ets>pari\'82taire</ets>; (cf. It. & Sp. <ets>parietaria</ets>), L. <ets>parietaria</ets> the parietary, or pellitory, the wall plant, fr. <ets>parietarus</ets> belonging to the walls, fr. <ets>paries</ets>, <ets>parietis</ets> a wall. Cf. <er>Parietary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common name of the several species of the genus <spn>Parietaria</spn>, low, harmless weeds of the Nettle family; -- also called <altname>wall pellitory</altname>, and <altname>lichwort</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Parietaria officinalis</i> is common on old walls in Europe; <i>P</i>.<i>Pennsylvanica</i> is found in the United States; and six or seven more species are found near the Mediterranean, or in the Orient.</note>

<h1>Pellitory</h1>
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<hw>Pel"li*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>pelitre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pyrethrum</ets>. See <er>Bertram</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A composite plant (<spn>Anacyclus Pyrethrum</spn>) of the Mediterranean region, having finely divided leaves and whitish flowers. The root is the officinal pellitory, and is used as an irritant and sialogogue. Called also <altname>bertram</altname>, and <altname>pellitory of Spain</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The feverfew (<spn>Chrysanthemum Parthenium</spn>); -- so called because it resembles the above.</def>

<h1>Pell-mell</h1>
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<hw>Pell`-mell"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pall-mall</er>.</def>

<h1>Pellmell</h1>
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<hw>Pell`mell"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'88le-m\'88le</ets>, prob. fr. <ets>pelle</ets> a shovel + <ets>m\'88ler</ets> to mix, as when different kinds of grain are heaped up and mixed with a shovel. See <er>Pell</er> shovel, <er>Medley</er>.]</ety> <def>In utter confusion; with confused violence.</def> "Men, horses, chariots, crowded <i>pellmell</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Pellucid</h1>
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<hw>Pel*lu"cid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pellucidus</ets>; <ets>per</ets> (see <er>Per-</er>) + <ets>lucidus</ets> clear, bright: cf. F. <ets>pellucide</ets>.]</ety> <def>Transparent; clear; limpid; translucent; not opaque.</def> "<i>Pellucid</i> crystal." <i>Dr. H. More</i>. "<i>Pellucid</i> streams." <i>Wordsworth</i>.

<h1>Pellucidity, Pellucidness</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pel`lu*cid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pel*lu"cid*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pellucid</ets>itas.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being pellucid; transparency; translucency; clearness; <as>as, the pellucidity of the air</as>.</def>

<i>Locke</i>.

<h1>Pellucidly</h1>
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<hw>Pel*lu"cid*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pellucid manner.</def>

<h1>Pelma</h1>
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<hw>Pel"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pelmata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The under surface of the foot.</def><-- = sole? -->

<h1>Pelopium</h1>
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<hw>Pe*lo"pi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>Pelops</ets>, brother of Niobe, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A supposed new metal found in columbite, afterwards shown to be identical with columbium, or niobium.</def>

<h1>Peloponnesian</h1>
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<hw>Pel`o*pon*ne"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Peloponnesius</ets>, fr. <ets>Peloponnesus</ets>, Gr. <?/, lit., the Island of Pelops; <?/, <?/, Pelops + <?/ an island.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Peloponnesus, or southern peninsula of Greece.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or an inhabitant of the Peloponnesus.</def></def2>

<h1>Peloria</h1>
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<hw>Pe*lo"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ monstrous.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Abnormal regularity; the state of certain flowers, which, being naturally irregular, have become regular through a symmetrical repetition of the special irregularity.</def>

<h1>Peloric</h1>
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<hw>Pe*lo"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Abnormally regular or symmetrical.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Pelotage</h1>
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<hw>Pel"o*tage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Packs or bales of Spanish wool.</def>

<h1>Pelt</h1>
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<hw>Pelt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>pelz</ets> a pelt, fur, fr. OF. <ets>pelice</ets>, F. <ets>pelisse</ets> (see <er>Pelisse</er>); or perh. shortened fr. <ets>peltry</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The skin of a beast with the hair on; a raw or undressed hide; a skin preserved with the hairy or woolly covering on it. See 4th <er>Fell</er>.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<blockquote>Raw <b>pelts</b> clapped about them for their clothes.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The human skin.</def> <mark>[Jocose]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>The body of any quarry killed by the hawk.</def>

<cs><col>Pelt rot</col>, <cd>a disease affecting the hair or wool of a beast.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pelt</h1>
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<hw>Pelt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pelted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pelting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>pelten</ets>, <ets>pulten</ets>, <ets>pilten</ets>, to thrust, throw, strike; cf. L. <ets>pultare</ets>, equiv. to <ets>pulsare</ets> (v. freq. fr. <ets>pellere</ets> to drive), and E. <ets>pulse</ets> a beating.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike with something thrown or driven; to assail with pellets or missiles, <as>as, to <ex>pelt</ex> with stones; <ex>pelted</ex> with hail.</as></def>

<blockquote>The children billows seem to <b>pelt</b> the clouds.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To throw; to use as a missile.</def>

<blockquote>My Phillis me with <b>pelted</b> apples plies.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pelt</h1>
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<hw>Pelt</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw missiles.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To throw out words.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Another smothered seems to <b>pelt</b>and swear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pelt</h1>
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<hw>Pelt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A blow or stroke from something thrown.</def>

<h1>Pelta</h1>
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<hw>Pel"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pelt\'91</plw></plu>. <ety>[L., a shield, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A small shield, especially one of an approximately elliptic form, or crescent-shaped.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A flat apothecium having no rim.</def>

<h1>Peltate, Peltated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pel"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pel"ta*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pelt\'82</ets>. See <er>Pelta</er>.]</ety> <def>Shield-shaped; scutiform; <fld>(Bot.)</fld> having the stem or support attached to the lower surface, instead of at the base or margin; -- said of a leaf or other organ.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pel"tate*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pelter</h1>
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<hw>Pelt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pelts.</def>

<h1>Pelter</h1>
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<hw>Pel"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pinchpenny; a mean, sordid person; a miser; a skinflint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Let such <i>pelters</i> prate."

<i>Gascoigne.</i>

<h1>Peltiform</h1>
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<hw>Pel"ti*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pelta</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shieldlike, with the outline nearly circular; peltate.</def>
<-- #! original has "pellate", but should be "peltate" -->

<i>Henslow.</i>

<h1>Pelting</h1>
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<hw>Pel"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mean; paltry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Peltry</h1>
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<hw>Pelt"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pelleterie</ets> peltry, furriery, fr. <ets>pelletier</ets> a furrier, fr. OF. <ets>pel</ets> skin, F. <ets>peau</ets>, L. <ets>pelis</ets>. See <er>Pelt</er> a skin, <er>Pell</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Fell</er> a skin.]</ety> <def>Pelts or skins, collectively; skins with the fur on them; furs.</def>

<h1>Peltryware</h1>
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<hw>Pelt"ry*ware`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Peltry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Peludo</h1>
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<hw>Pe*lu"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>peludo</ets> hairy.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The South American hairy armadillo (<spn>Dasypus villosus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Pelusiac</h1>
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<hw>Pe*lu"si*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Pelusiacus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Pelusium, an ancient city of Egypt; <as>as, the <ex>Pelusiac</ex> (or former eastern) outlet of the Nile</as>.</def>

<h1>Pelvic</h1>
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<hw>Pel"vic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pelvis; <as>as, <ex>pelvic</ex> cellulitis</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Pelvic arch</col>, &or; <col>Pelvic girdle</col></mcol> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the two or more bony or cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to which the hind limbs are articulated.  When fully ossified, the arch usually consists of three principal bones on each side, the ilium, ischium, and pubis, which are often closely united in the adult, forming the innominate bone. See <cref>Innominate bone</cref>, under <er>Innominate</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pelvimeter</h1>
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<hw>Pel*vim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pelvis</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.: cf. F. <ets>pelvim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the dimensions of the pelvis.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Pelvis</h1>
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<hw>Pel"vis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a basin, laver; cf. Gr. <?/, <?/, bowl.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The pelvic arch, or the pelvic arch together with the sacrum. See <cref>Pelvic arch</cref>, under <er>Pelvic</er>, and <er>Sacrum</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The calyx of a crinoid.</def>

<cs><col>Pelvis of the kidney</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the basinlike cavity into which the ureter expands as it joins the kidney.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pemmican</h1>
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<hw>Pem"mi*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>pemican</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Among the North American Indians, meat cut in thin slices, divested of fat, and dried in the sun.</def>

<blockquote>Then on <b>pemican</b> they feasted.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Meat, without the fat, cut in thin slices, dried in the sun, pounded, then mixed with melted fat and sometimes dried fruit, and compressed into cakes or in bags. It contains much nutriment in small compass, and is of great use in long voyages of exploration.</def>

<h1>Pemphigus</h1>
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<hw>Pem*phi"gus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Nl., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a bubble.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A somewhat rare skin disease, characterized by the development of blebs upon different part of the body.</def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<h1>Pen</h1>
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<hw>Pen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>penne</ets>, OF. <ets>penne</ets>, <ets>pene</ets>, F. <ets>penne</ets>, fr. L. <ets>penna</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A feather.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An instrument used for writing with ink, formerly made of a reed, or of the quill of a goose or other bird, but now also of other materials, as of steel, gold, etc. Also, originally, a stylus or other instrument for scratching or graving.</def>

<blockquote>Graven with an iron <b>pen</b> and lead in the rock.
<i>Job xix. 24.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fig.: A writer, or his style; <as>as, he has a sharp <ex>pen</ex></as>.</def> "Those learned <i>pens</i>."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The internal shell of a squid.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A female swan.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark><-- contrast cob, the male swan -->

<cs><col>Bow pen</col>. <cd>See <er>Bow-pen</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dotting pen</col>, <cd>a pen for drawing dotted lines.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Drawing</col>, &or; <col>Ruling</col>, <col>pen</col></mcol>, <cd>a pen for ruling lines having a pair of blades between which the ink is contained.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fountain pen</col>, <col>Geometric pen</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Fountain</er>, and <er>Geometric</er>.</cd> -- <col>Music pen</col>, <cd>a pen having five points for drawing the five lines of the staff.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Pen and ink</col>, &or; <col>pen-and-ink</col></mcol>, <cd>executed or done with a pen and ink; <as>as, a <ex>pen and ink<ex> sketch</as>.</cd> -- <col>Pen feather</col>. <cd>A pin feather.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>Pen name</col>. <cd>See under <er>Name</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sea pen</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a pennatula.</cd> <altsp>[Usually written <asp>sea-pen<asp>.]</altsp></cs>

<h1>Pen</h1>
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<hw>Pen</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Penned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Penning</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To write; to compose and commit to paper; to indite; to compose; <as>as, to <ex>pen</ex> a sonnet</as>.</def> "A prayer elaborately <i>penned</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Pen</h1>
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<hw>Pen</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Penned</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Pent</er> (<?/); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Penning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>pennen</ets>, AS. <ets>pennan</ets> in <ets>on-pennan</ets> to unfasten, prob. from the same source as <ets>pin</ets>, and orig. meaning, to fasten with a peg.See <er>Pin</er>, <tt>n. & v.</tt>]</ety> <def>To shut up, as in a pen or cage; to confine in a small inclosure or narrow space; to coop up, or shut in; to inclose.</def> "Away with her, and <i>pen</i> her up."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Watching where shepherds <b>pen</b> their flocks at eve.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pen</h1>
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<hw>Pen</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pen</er> to shut in.]</ety> <def>A small inclosure; <as>as, a <ex>pen</ex> for sheep or for pigs</as>.</def>

<blockquote>My father stole two geese out of a <b>pen</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Penal</h1>
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<hw>Pe"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>poenalis</ets>, fr. <ets>poena</ets> punishment: cf. F. <ets>p\'82nal</ets>. See <er>Pain</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to punishment, to penalties, or to crimes and offenses; pertaining to criminal jurisprudence</def>: as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Enacting or threatening punishment; <as>as, a <ex>penal</ex> statue; the <ex>penal</ex> code</as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Incurring punishment; subject to a penalty; <as>as, a <ex>penal</ex>act of offense</as></def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Inflicted as punishment; used as a means of punishment; <as>as, a <ex>penal</ex> colony or settlement</as>.</def> "Adamantine chains and <i>penal</i> fire."

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>Penal code</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a code of laws concerning crimes and offenses and their punishment.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Penal laws</col>, <col>Penal statutes</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>laws prohibited certain acts, and imposing penalties for committing them.</cd> -- <col>Penal servitude</col>, <cd>imprisonment with hard labor, in a prison, in lieu of transportation.</cd> <mark>[Great Brit.]</mark> -- <col>Penal suit</col>, <col>Penal action</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a suit for penalties.</cd></cs>

<h1>Penality</h1>
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<hw>Pe*nal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>poenalitas</ets>. See <er>Penalty</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being penal; lability to punishment.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Penalize</h1>
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<hw>Pe"nal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make penal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Sport.)</fld> <def>To put a penalty on. See <er>Penalty</er>, 3.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Penally</h1>
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<hw>Pe"nal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a penal manner.</def>

<h1>Penalty</h1>
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<hw>Pe"nal*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Penalties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>p\'82nalit\'82</ets>. See <er>Penal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Penal retribution; punishment for crime or offense; the suffering in person or property which is annexed by law or judicial decision to the commission of a crime, offense, or trespass.</def>

<blockquote>Death is the <b>penalty</b> imposed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The suffering, or the sum to be forfeited, to which a person subjects himself by covenant or agreement, in case of nonfulfillment of stipulations; forfeiture; fine.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>penalty</b> and forfeit of my bond.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A handicap.</def> <mark>[Sporting Cant]</mark>

<note>&hand; The term <i>penalty</i> is in law mostly applied to a pecuniary punishment.</note>

<cs><col>Bill of pains and penalties</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bill</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>On</col>, &or; <col>Under</col>, <col>penalty of</col></mcol>, <cd>on pain of; with exposure to the penalty of, in case of transgression.</cd></cs>

<h1>Penance</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>penance</ets>, <ets>peneance</ets>, L. <ets>paenitentia</ets> repentance. See <er>Penitence</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Repentance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif (Luke xv. 7).</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pain; sorrow; suffering.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Joy or <i>penance</i> he feeleth none."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A means of repairing a sin committed, and obtaining pardon for it, consisting partly in the performance of expiatory rites, partly in voluntary submission to a punishment corresponding to the transgression. Penance is the fourth of seven sacraments in the Roman Catholic Church.</def>

<i>Schaff-Herzog Encyc.</i>

<blockquote>And bitter <b>penance</b>, with an iron whip.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Quoth he, "The man hath <b>penance</b> done,
And <b>penance</b> more will do."
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Penance</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ance</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Penanced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To impose penance; to punish.</def> "Some <i>penanced</i> lady elf."

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Penanceless</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ance*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from penance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Penang nut</h1>
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<hw>Pe*nang" nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The betel nut.</def> <i>Balfour (Cyc. of India)</i>.

<h1>Penannular</h1>
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<hw>Pen*an"nu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pene</ets>, <ets>paene</ets>, almost + E. <ets>annular</ets>.]</ety> <def>Nearly annular; having nearly the form of a ring.</def> "<i>Penannular</i> relics."

<i>D. Wilson.</i>

<h1>Penary</h1>
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<hw>Pe"na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Penal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gauden.</i>

<h1>Penates</h1>
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<hw>Pe*na"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The household gods of the ancient Romans. They presided over the home and the family hearth. See <er>Lar</er>.</def>

<h1>Penaunt</h1>
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<hw>Pen"aunt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>penant</ets>, <ets>peneant</ets>. See <er>Penitent</er>.]</ety> <def>A penitent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pence</h1>
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<hw>Pence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <def><tt>pl.</tt> of <er>Penny</er>. See <er>Penny</er>.</def>
<-- chiefly Brit. -->

<h1>Pencel</h1>
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<hw>Pen"cel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pennoncel</er>.]</ety> <def>A small, narrow flag or streamer borne at the top of a lance; -- called also <altname>pennoncel</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>  <i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Penchant</h1>
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<hw>Pen`chant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>pencher</ets> to bend, fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>pendicare</ets>, L. <ets>pendere</ets>. See <er>Pendant</er>.]</ety> <def>Inclination; decided taste; bias; <as>as, a <ex>penchant</ex> for art</as>.</def>

<h1>Penchute</h1>
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<hw>Pen"chute`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Penstock</er>.</def>

<h1>Pencil</h1>
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<hw>Pen"cil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pincel</ets>, F. <ets>pinceau</ets>, L. <ets>penicillum</ets>, <ets>penicillus</ets>, equiv. to <ets>peniculus</ets>, dim. of <ets>penis</ets> a tail. Cf. <er>Penicil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small, fine brush of hair or bristles used by painters for laying on colors.</def>

<blockquote>With subtile <b>pencil</b> depainted was this storie.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A slender cylinder or strip of black lead, colored chalk, slate etc., or such a cylinder or strip inserted in a small wooden rod intended to be pointed, or in a case, which forms a handle, -- used for drawing or writing. See <er>Graphite</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, figuratively, an artist's ability or peculiar manner; also, in general, the act or occupation of the artist, descriptive writer, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>An aggregate or collection of rays of light, especially when diverging from, or converging to, a point.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A number of lines that intersect in one point, the point of intersection being called the <i>pencil point</i>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A small medicated bougie.</def>

<cs><col>Pencil case</col>, <cd>a holder for pencil lead.</cd> -- <col>Pencil flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American perennial leguminous herb (<spn>Stylosanthes elatior</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Pencil lead</col>, <cd>a slender rod of black lead, or the like, adapted for insertion in a holder.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pencil</h1>
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<hw>Pen"cil</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Penciled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Pencilled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Penciling</er> or <er>Pencilling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To write or mark with a pencil; to paint or to draw.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>Where nature <b>pencils</b> butterflies on flowers.
<i>Harte.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Penciled</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ciled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>pencilled</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Painted, drawn, sketched, or marked with a pencil.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Radiated; having pencils of rays.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Marked with parallel or radiating lines.</def>

<h1>Penciling</h1>
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<hw>Pen"cil*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>pencilling</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The work of the pencil or bruch; <as>as, delicate <ex>penciling</ex> in a picture</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Brickwork)</fld> <def>Lines of white or black paint drawn along a mortar joint in a brick wall.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Pencillate, Pencillated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pen"cil*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pen"cil*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shaped like a pencil; penicillate.</def>

<h1>Pencraft</h1>
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<hw>Pen"craft</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Penmanship; skill in writing; chirography.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The art of composing or writing; authorship.</def>

<blockquote>I would not give a groat for that person's knowledge in <b>pencraft</b>.
<i>S<?/e<?/ne.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
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Page 1060<p>

<hr>
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Page 1060<p>

<h1>Pend</h1>
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<hw>Pend</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Oil cake; penock.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Pend</h1>
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<hw>Pend</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>pendere</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hang; to depend.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Pending</b> upon certain powerful motions.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be undecided, or in process of adjustment.</def>

<h1>Pend</h1>
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<hw>Pend</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>pen</ets> to shut in, or AS. <ets>pyndan</ets>, E. <ets>pound</ets> an inclosure.]</ety> <def>To pen; to confine.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>ended</b> within the limits . . . of Greece.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pendant</h1>
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<hw>Pend"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., orig. p.pr. of <ets>pendre</ets> to hang, L. <ets>pendere</ets>. Cf. <er>Pendent</er>, <er>Pansy</er>, <er>Pensive</er>, <er>Poise</er>, <er>Ponder</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something which hangs or depends; something suspended; a hanging appendage, especially one of an ornamental character; as to a chandelier or an eardrop; also, an appendix or addition, as to a book.</def>

<blockquote>Some hang upon the <b>pendants</b> of her ear.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Many . . . have been pleased with this work and its <b>pendant</b>, the Tales and Popular Fictions.
<i>Keightley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A hanging ornament on roofs, ceilings, etc., much used in the later styles of Gothic architecture, where it is of stone, and an important part of the construction. There are imitations in plaster and wood, which are mere decorative features.</def> "[A bridge] with . . . <i>pendants</i> graven fair."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>One of a pair; a counterpart; <as>as, one vase is the <ex>pendant</ex> to the other vase</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A pendulum.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir K. Digby.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The stem and ring of a watch, by which it is suspended.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<i>Knight.</i>

<cs><col>Pendant post</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a part of the framing of an open timber roof; a post set close against the wall, and resting upon a corbel or other solid support, and supporting the ends of a collar beam or any part of the roof.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pendence</h1>
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<hw>Pend"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pendent</er>.]</ety> <def>Slope; inclination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Pendency</h1>
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<hw>Pend"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being pendent or suspended.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality or state of being undecided, or in continuance; suspense; <as>as, the <ex>pendency</ex> of a suit</as>.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Pendent</h1>
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<hw>Pend"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pendens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>pendere</ets> to hang, to be suspended. Cf. <er>Pendant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Supported from above; suspended; depending; pendulous; hanging; <as>as, a <ex>pendent</ex> leaf</as>.</def> "The <i>pendent</i> world."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Often their tresses, when shaken, with <b>pendent</b> icicles tinkle.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Jutting over; projecting; overhanging.</def> "A vapor sometime like a . . . <i>pendent</i> rock."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pendentive</h1>
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<hw>Pen*den"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pendentif</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pendere</ets> to hang.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The portion of a vault by means of which the square space in the middle of a building is brought to an octagon or circle to receive a cupola.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The part of a groined vault which is supported by, and springs from, one pier or corbel.</def>

<h1>Pendently</h1>
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<hw>Pend"ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pendent manner.</def>

<h1>Pendice</h1>
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<hw>Pen"dice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Pentice</er>.]</ety> <def>A sloping roof; a lean-to; a penthouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Pendicle</h1>
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<hw>Pen"di*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Appendicle</er>.]</ety> <def>An appendage; something dependent on another; an appurtenance; a pendant.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Pendicler</h1>
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<hw>Pen*di*cler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inferior tenant; one who rents a pendicle or croft.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Pending</h1>
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<hw>Pend"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pendere</ets> to hang, to be suspended. Cf. <er>Pendent</er>.]</ety> <def>Not yet decided; in continuance; in suspense; <as>as, a <ex>pending</ex> suit</as>.</def>

<h1>Pending</h1>
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<hw>Pend"ing</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>During; <as>as, <ex>pending</ex> the trail</as>.</def>

<h1>Pendragon</h1>
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<hw>Pen"drag*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chief leader or a king; a head; a dictator; -- a title assumed by the ancient British chiefs when called to lead other chiefs.</def>

<blockquote>The dread <b>Pendragon</b>, Britain's king of kings.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pendular</h1>
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<hw>Pen"du*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pendulous.</def>

<h1>Pendulate</h1>
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<hw>Pen"du*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To swing as a pendulum.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pendule</h1>
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<hw>Pen"dule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A pendulum.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Penduline</h1>
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<hw>Pen"du`line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Pendulum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European titmouse (<spn>Parus, &or; \'92githalus, pendulinus</spn>). It is noted for its elegant pendulous purselike nest, made of the down of willow trees and lined with feathers.</def>

<h1>Pendulosity</h1>
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<hw>Pen`du*los"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pendulous</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being pendulous.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Pendulous</h1>
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<hw>Pen"du*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pendulus</ets>, fr. <ets>pendere</ets> to hang. Cf. <er>Pendant</er>, and cf. <er>Pendulum</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Depending; pendent loosely; hanging; swinging.</def> <i>Shak.</i> "The <i>pendulous</i> round earth. <i>Milton</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wavering; unstable; doubtful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A <i>pendulous</i> state of mind."

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Inclined or hanging downwards, as a flower on a recurved stalk, or an ovule which hangs from the upper part of the ovary.</def>

<h1>Pendulously</h1>
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<hw>Pen"du*lous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pendulous manner.</def>

<h1>Pendulousness</h1>
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<hw>Pen"du*lous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being pendulous; the state of hanging loosely; pendulosity.</def>

<h1>Pendulum</h1>
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<hw>Pen"du*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pendulums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>pendulus</ets> hanging, swinging. See <er>Pendulous</er>.]</ety> <def>A body so suspended from a fixed point as to swing freely to and fro by the alternate action of gravity and momentum. It is used to regulate the movements of clockwork and other machinery.</def>

<note>&hand; The time of oscillation of a pendulum is independent of the arc of vibration, provided this arc be small.</note>

<cs><col>Ballistic pendulum</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ballistic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Compensation pendulum</col>, <cd>a clock pendulum in which the effect of changes of temperature of the length of the rod is so counteracted, usually by the opposite expansion of differene metals, that the distance of the center of oscillation from the center of suspension remains invariable; as, the <i>mercurial compensation pendulum<i>, in which the expansion of the rod is compensated by the opposite expansion of mercury in a jar constituting the bob; the <i>gridiron pendulum<i>, in which compensation is effected by the opposite expansion of sets of rodsof different metals.</cd> -- <col>Compound pendulum</col>, <cd>an ordinary pendulum; -- so called, as being made up of different parts, and contrasted with <i>simple pendulum<i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Conical</col> &or; <col>Revolving</col>, <col>pendulum</col></mcol>, <cd>a weight connected by a rod with a fixed point; and revolving in a horizontal cyrcle about the vertical from that point.</cd> -- <col>Pendulum bob</col>, <cd>the weight at the lower end of a pendulum.</cd> -- <col>Pendulum level</col>, <cd>a plumb level. See under <er>Level</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pendulum wheel</col>, <cd>the balance of a watch.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Simple</col> &or; <col>Theoretical</col>, <col>pendulum</col></mcol>, <cd>an imaginary pendulum having no dimensions except length, and no weight except at the center of oscillation; in other words, a material point suspended by an ideal line.</cd></cs>

<h1>Penelope</h1>
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<hw>Pe*nel"o*pe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From. L. <ets>Penelope</ets>, the wife of Ulysses, the hero of the Odyssey, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of curassows, including the guans.</def>

<h1>Penetrability</h1>
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<hw>Pen`e*tra*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82n\'82trabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being penetrable; susceptibility of being penetrated, entered, or pierced.</def>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Penetrable</h1>
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<hw>Pen"e*tra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>penetrabilus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>p\'82n\'82trable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being penetrated, entered, or pierced. Used also figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>And pierce his only <b>penetrable</b> part.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am not made of stones,
But <b>penetrable</b> to your kind entreats.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pen"e*tra*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Pen"e*tra*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Penetrail</h1>
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<hw>Pen"e*trail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Penetralia.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Penetralia</h1>
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<hw>Pen`e*tra"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>penetralis</ets> penetrating, internal. See <er>Penetrate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The recesses, or innermost parts, of any thing or place, especially of a temple or palace.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hidden things or secrets; privacy; sanctuary; <as>as, the sacred <ex>penetralia</ex> of the home</as>.</def>

<h1>Penetrance, Penetrancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pen"e*trance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pen"e*tran*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being penetrant; power of entering or piercing; penetrating power of quality; <as>as, the <ex>penetrancy</ex> of subtile effluvia</as>.</def>

<h1>Penetrant</h1>
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<hw>Pen"e*trant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>penetrans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>penetrare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>p\'82n\'82trant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having power to enter or pierce; penetrating; sharp; subtile; <as>as, <ex>penetrant</ex> cold</as>.</def> "<i>Penetrant</i> and powerful arguments."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Penetrate</h1>
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<hw>Pen"e*trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Penetrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Penetrating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>penetratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>penetrare</ets> to penetrate; akin to <ets>penitus</ets> inward, inwardly, and perh. to <ets>pens</ets> with, in the power of, <ets>penus</ets> store of food, innermost part of a temple.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To enter into; to make way into the interior of; to effect an entrance into; to pierce; <as>as, light <ex>penetrates</ex> darkness</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To affect profoundly through the senses or feelings; to touch with feeling; to make sensible; to move deeply; <as>as, to <ex>penetrate</ex> one's heart with pity</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The translator of Homer should <b>penetrate</b> himself with a sense of the plainness and directness of Homer's style.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pierce into by the mind; to arrive at the inner contents or meaning of, as of a mysterious or difficult subject; to comprehend; to understand.</def>

<blockquote>Things which here were too subtile for us to <b>penetrate</b>.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Penetrate</h1>
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<hw>Pen"e*trate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To pass; to make way; to pierce. Also used figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>Preparing to <b>penetrate</b> to the north and west.
<i>J. R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Born where Heaven's influence scarce can <b>penetrate</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The sweet of life that <b>penetrates</b> so near.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Penetrating</h1>
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<hw>Pen"e*tra`ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the power of entering, piercing, or pervading; sharp; subtile; penetrative; <as>as, a <ex>penetrating</ex> odor</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Acute; discerning; sagacious; quick to discover; <as>as, a <ex>penetrating</ex> mind</as>.</def>

<h1>Penetratingly</h1>
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<hw>Pen"e*tra`ting*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a penetrating manner.</def>

<h1>Penetration</h1>
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<hw>Pen"e*tra`tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>penetratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>p\'82n\'82tration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of penetrating, piercing, or entering; also, the act of mentally penetrating into, or comprehending, anything difficult.</def>

<blockquote>And to each in ward part,
With gentle <b>penetration</b>, though unseen,
Shoots invisible virtue even to the deep.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>penetration</b> into the difficulties of algebra.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Acuteness; insight; sharp discoverment; sagacity; <as>as, a person of singular <ex>penetration</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Discernment; sagacity; acuteness; sharpness; discrimination. See <er>Discernment</er>, and <er>Sagacity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Penetrative</h1>
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<hw>Pen"e*tra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82n\'82tratif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tending to penetrate; of a penetrating quality; piercing; <as>as, the <ex>penetrative</ex> sun</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His look became keen and <b>penetrative</b>.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the power to affect or impress the mind or heart; impressive; <as>as, <ex>penetrative</ex> shame</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Acute; discerning; sagacious; <as>as, <ex>penetrative</ex> wisdom</as>.</def> "The <i>penetrative</i> eye."

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<blockquote>Led on by skill of <b>penetrative</b> soul.
<i>Grainger.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Penetrativeness</h1>
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<hw>Pen"e*tra*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being penetrative.</def>

<h1>Penfish</h1>
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<hw>Pen"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A squid.</def>

<h1>Penfold</h1>
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<hw>Pen"fold`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pinfold</er>.</def>

<h1>Pengolin</h1>
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<hw>Pen"go*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld><def>The pangolin.</def>

<h1>Penguin</h1>
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<hw>Pen"guin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. orig. the name of another bird, and fr. W. <ets>pen</ets> head + <ets>gwyn</ets> white; or perh. from a native South American name.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the order Impennes, or Ptilopteri. They are covered with short, thick feathers, almost scalelike on the wings, which are without true quills. They are unable to fly, but use their wings to aid in diving, in which they are very expert. See <cref>King penguin</cref>, under <er>Jackass</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; Penguins are found in the south temperate and antarctic regions. The king penguins (<spn>Aptenodytes Patachonica</spn>, and <spn>A. longirostris</spn>) are the largest; the jackass penguins (<spn>Spheniscus</spn>) and the rock hoppers (<spn>Catarractes</spn>) congregate in large numbers at their breeding grounds.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The egg-shaped fleshy fruit of a West Indian plant (<spn>Bromelia Pinguin</spn>) of the Pineapple family; also, the plant itself, which has rigid, pointed, and spiny-toothed leaves, and is used for hedges.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pinguin</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Arctic penguin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the great auk. See <er>Auk</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Penguinery</h1>
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<hw>Pen"guin*er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A breeding place, or rookery, of penguins.</def>

<h1>Penholder</h1>
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<hw>Pen"hold`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A handle for a pen.</def>

<h1>Penhouse</h1>
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<hw>Pen"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A penthouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Penible</h1>
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<hw>Pen*i"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>penible</ets>. Cf. <er>Painable</er>.]</ety> <def>Painstaking; assidous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Penicil</h1>
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<hw>Pen"i*cil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>penicillum</ets>, <ets>penicillus</ets>, a painter's brush, a roil of lint, a tent for wounds.]</ety> <fld>(mented.)</fld> <def>A tent or pledget for wounds or ulcers.</def>

<h1>Penicillate</h1>
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<hw>Pen`i*cil"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82nicill\'82</ets>. See <er>Penicil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a pencil; furnished with a pencil of fine hairs; ending in a tuft of hairs like a camel's-hair brush, as the stigmas of some grasses.</def>

<h1>Penicilliform</h1>
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<hw>Pen`i*cil"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Penicillate.</def>

<h1>Peninsula</h1>
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<hw>Pen*in"su*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peninsula</ets> or <ets>paeninsula</ets>; <ets>paene</ets> almost + <ets>insula</ets> an island. See <er>Isle</er>.]</ety> <def>A portion of land nearly surrounded by water, and connected with a larger body by a neck, or isthmus.</def>

<h1>Peninsular</h1>
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<hw>Pen*in"su*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82ninsulaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a peninsula; <as>as, a <ex>peninsular</ex> form; <ex>peninsular</ex> people; the <ex>peninsular</ex> war.</as></def>

<h1>Peninsulate</h1>
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<hw>Pen*in"su*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Peninsulated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Peninsulating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To form into a peninsula.</def>

<blockquote>South River . . . <b>peninsulates</b> Castle Hill farm.
<i>W. Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Penis</h1>
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<hw>Pe"nis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The male member, or organ of generation.</def>

<h1>Penitence</h1>
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<hw>Pen"i*tence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'82nitence</ets>, L. <ets>paenitentia</ets>. See <er>Penitent</er>, and cf. <er>Penance</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or condition of being penitent; the disposition of a penitent; sorrow for sins or faults; repentance; contrition.</def> "<i>Penitence</i> of his old guilt."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Death is deferred, and <b>penitenance</b> has room
To mitigate, if not reverse, the doom.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Repentance; contrition; compunction.</syn>

<h1>Penitencer</h1>
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<hw>Pen"i*ten*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'82nitencier</ets>.]</ety> <def>A priest who heard confession and enjoined penance in extraordinary cases.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>penitenser</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Penitency</h1>
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<hw>Pen"i*ten*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Penitence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Penitent</h1>
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<hw>Pen"i*tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'82nitent</ets>, L. <ets>paenitens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, <ets>poenitens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>paenitere</ets>, <ets>poenitere</ets>, to cause to repent, to repent; prob. akin to <ets>poena</ets> punishment. See <er>Pain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Feeling pain or sorrow on account of sins or offenses; repentant; contrite; sincerely affected by a sense of guilt, and resolved on amendment of life.</def>

<blockquote>Be <b>penitent</b>, and for thy fault contrite.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The pound he tamed, the <b>penitent</b> he cheered.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Doing penance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Penitent</h1>
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<hw>Pen"i*tent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who repents of sin; one sorrowful on account of his transgressions.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One under church censure, but admitted to penance; one undergoing penance.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One under the direction of a confessor.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Penitents</i> is an appellation given to certain fraternities in Roman Catholic countries, distinguished by their habit, and employed in charitable acts.</note>

<h1>Penitential</h1>
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<hw>Pen`i*ten"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82nitentiel</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to penitence, or to penance; expressing penitence; of the nature of penance; <as>as, the <ex>penitential</ex> book; <ex>penitential</ex> tears.</as></def> "<i>Penitential</i> stripes."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>Guilt that all the <b>penitential</b> fires of hereafter can not cleanse.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Penitential</h1>
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<hw>Pen`i*ten"tial</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A book formerly used by priests hearing confessions, containing rules for the imposition of penances; -- called also <altname>penitential book</altname>.</def>

<h1>Penitentially</h1>
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<hw>Pen`i*ten"tial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a penitential manner.</def>

<h1>Penitentiary</h1>
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<hw>Pen`i*ten"tia*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82nitentiaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to penance, or to the rules and measures of penance.</def> "A <i>penitentiary</i> tax."

<i>Abp. Bramhall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressive of penitence; <as>as, a <ex>penitentiary</ex> letter</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Used for punishment, discipline, and reformation.</def> "<i>Penitentiary</i> houses."

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Penitentiary</h1>
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<hw>Pen`i*ten"tia*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Penitentiaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82nitencier</ets>. See <er>Penitent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who prescribes the rules and measures of penance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who does penance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small building in a monastery where penitents confessed.</def>

<i>Shpiley.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That part of a church to which penitents were admitted.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An office of the papal court which examines cases of conscience, confession, absolution from vows, etc., and delivers decisions, dispensations, etc.  Its chief is a cardinal, called the <i>Grand Penitentiary</i>, appointed by the pope.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An officer in some dioceses since <sc>A. D.</sc> 1215, vested with power from the bishop to absolve in cases reserved to him.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A house of correction, in which offenders are confined for punishment, discipline, and reformation, and in which they are generally compelled to labor.</def>

<h1>Penitentiaryship</h1>
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<hw>Pen`i*ten"tia*ry*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or condition of a penitentiary of the papal court.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Penitently</h1>
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<hw>Pen"i*tent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a penitent manner.</def>

<hr>
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<h1>Penk</h1>
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<hw>Penk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A minnow. See <er>Pink</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Walton.</i>

<h1>Penknife</h1>
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<hw>Pen"knife`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Penknives</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Pen</ets> + <ets>knife</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small pocketknife; formerly, a knife used for making and mending quill pens.</def>

<h1>Penman</h1>
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<hw>Pen"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Penmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who uses the pen; a writer; esp., one skilled in the use of the pen; a calligrapher; a writing master.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An author; a composer.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Penmanship</h1>
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<hw>Pen"man*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The use of the pen in writing; the art of writing; style or manner of writing; chirography; <as>as, good or bad <ex>penmanship</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Penna</h1>
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<hw>Pen"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Penn\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A perfect, or normal, feather.</def>

<h1>Pennaceous</h1>
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<hw>Pen"na"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to a normal feather.</def>

<h1>Pennach</h1>
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<hw>Pen"nach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pennache</ets>. See <er>Panache</er>.]</ety> <def>A bunch of feathers; a plume.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Pennached</h1>
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<hw>Pen"nached</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>pennach\'82</ets>. See <er>Panache</er>.]</ety> <def>Variegated; striped.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Pennage</h1>
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<hw>Pen"nage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>penna</ets> feather.]</ety> <def>Feathery covering; plumage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Pennant</h1>
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<hw>Pen"nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>penon</ets>, <ets>penoun</ets>, <ets>pynoun</ets>, OF. <ets>penon</ets>, F. <ets>pennon</ets>, fr. L. <ets>penna</ets> feather. See <er>Pen</er> a feather, and cf. <er>Pennon</er>, <er>Pinion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small flag; a pennon. The <stype>narrow, &or; long, pennant</stype> (called also <i>whip</i> or <i>coach whip</i>) is a long, narrow piece of bunting, carried at the masthead of a government vessel in commission. The <stype>board pennant</stype> is an oblong, nearly square flag, carried at the masthead of a commodore's vessel</def>. "With flags and <i>pennants</i> trimmed." <i>Drayton</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A rope or strap to which a purchase is hooked.</def>

<h1>Pennate, Pennated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pen"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pen"na*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pennatus</ets> feathered, winged, from <ets>penna</ets> feather, wing.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Winged; plume-shaped.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pinnate</er>.</def>

<h1>Pennatula</h1>
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<hw>Pen*nat"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Pennatul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Pennatulas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>penna</ets> a feather.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of <spn>Pennatula</spn>, <spn>Pteroides</spn>, and allied genera of Alcyonaria, having a featherlike form; a sea-pen. The zooids are situated along one edge of the side branches.</def>

<h1>Pennatulacea</h1>
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<hw>Pen*nat`u*la"ce*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pennatula</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of alcyonoid corals, including the seapens and related kinds. They are able to move about by means of the hollow muscular peduncle, which also serves to support them upright in the mud. See <er>Pennatula</er>, and <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Alcyonaria</er>.</def>

<h1>Penned</h1>
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<hw>Penned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Winged; having plumes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Written with a pen; composed.</def> "Their <i>penned</i> speech."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Penner</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who pens; a writer.</def>

<i>Sir T. North.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A case for holding pens.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Penniform</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ni*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>penna</ets> feather + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>penniforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a feather or plume.</def>

<h1>Pennigerous</h1>
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<hw>Pen*nig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>penniger</ets>; <ets>penna</ets> feather + <ets>gerere</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Bearing feathers or quills.</def>

<h1>Penniless</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ni*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Penny</er>.]</ety> <def>Destitute of money; impecunious; poor.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pen"ni*less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Penninerved</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ni*nerved`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>penna</ets> feather + E. <ets>nerve</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pinnately veined or nerved.</def>

<h1>Pennipotent</h1>
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<hw>Pen*nip"o*tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pennipotens</ets>; <ets>penna</ets> wing + <ets>potens</ets> strong.]</ety> <def>Strong of wing; strong on the wing.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Davies (Holy Roode).</i>

<h1>Pennon</h1>
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<hw>Pen"non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Pinion</er>.]</ety> <def>A wing; a pinion.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Pennon</h1>
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<hw>Pen"non</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pennant</er>.]</ety> <def>A pennant; a flag or streamer.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Pennoncel, Pennoncelle</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pen"non*cel`</hw>, <hw>Pen"non*celle`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>penoncel</ets>. See <er>Pennant</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Pencel</er>.</def>

<h1>Penny</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Perh. a corruption of <ets>pun</ets>, for <ets>pound</ets>.]</ety> <def>Denoting pound weight for one thousand; -- used in combination, with respect to nails; <as>as, ten<ex>penny</ex> nails, nails of which one thousand weight ten pounds</as>.</def>

<h1>Penny</h1>
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<hw>Pen*ny</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pennies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> or <plw>Pence</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <i>Pennies</i> denotes the number of coins; <i>pence</i> the amount of pennies in value</plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>peni</ets>, AS. <ets>penig</ets>, <ets>pening</ets>, <ets>pending</ets>; akin to D. <ets>penning</ets>, OHG. <ets>pfenning</ets>, <ets>pfenting</ets>, G. <ets>pfennig</ets>, Icel. <ets>penningr</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An English coin, formerly of copper, now of bronze, the twelfth part of an English shilling in account value, and equal to four farthings, or about two cents; -- usually indicated by the abbreviation <i>d</i>. (the initial of <i>denarius</i>).</def>

<note>&hand; "The chief Anglo-Saxon coin, and for a long period the only one, corresponded to the <i>denarius</i> of the Continent . . . [and was] called <i>penny</i>, denarius, or denier." <i>R. S. Poole</i>.  The ancient silver <i>penny</i> was worth about three pence sterling (see <er>Pennyweight</er>). The old Scotch <i>penny</i> was only one twelfth the value of the English coin. In the United States the word <i>penny</i> is popularly used for <i>cent</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any small sum or coin; a groat; a stiver.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Money, in general; <as>as, to turn an honest <ex>penny</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>What <b>penny</b> hath Rome borne,
What men provided, what munition sent?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>See <er>Denarius</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Penny cress</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an annual herb of the Mustard family, having round, flat pods like silver pennies (<spn>Thlaspi arvense</spn>). <i>Dr. Prior</i>.</cd> -- <col>Penny dog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of shark found on the South coast of Britain: the tope.</cd> -- <col>Penny father</col>, <cd>a penurious person; a niggard. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Robinson (More's Utopia)</i>.</cd> -- <col>Penny grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>pennyroyal.</cd> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <col>Penny post</col></mcol>, <cd>a post carrying a letter for a penny; also, a mail carrier.</cd> -- <col>Penny wise</col>, <cd>wise or prudent only in small matters; saving small sums while losing larger; -- used chiefly in the phrase, <i>penny wise<i> and pound foolish.</cd></cs>

<h1>Penny</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worth or costing one penny.</def>

<h1>Penny-a-liner</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ny-a-lin"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who furnishes matter to public journals at so much a line; a poor writer for hire; a hack writer.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Pennyroyal</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ny*roy"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of OE. <ets>puliall royal</ets>. OE. <ets>puliall</ets> is ultimately derived fr. L. <ets>puleium</ets>, or <ets>pulegium</ets> regium (so called as being good against fleas), fr. <ets>pulex</ets> a flea; and <ets>royal</ets> is a translation of L. <ets>regium</ets>, in <ets>puleium regium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An aromatic herb (<spn>Mentha Pulegium</spn>) of Europe; also, a North American plant (<spn>Hedeoma pulegioides</spn>) resembling it in flavor.</def>

<cs><col>Bastard pennyroyal</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue curls</cref>, under <er>Blue</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pennyweight</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ny*weight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A troy weight containing twenty-four grains, or the twentieth part of an ounce; <as>as, a <ex>pennyweight</ex> of gold or of arsenic</as>. It was anciently the weight of a silver penny, whence the name.</def>

<h1>Pennywort</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ny*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A European trailing herb (<spn>Linaria Cymbalaria</spn>) with roundish, reniform leaves. It is often cultivated in hanging baskets.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>March</col>, &or; <col>Water</col>, <col>pennywort</col></mcol>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>March</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pennyworth</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ny*worth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A penny's worth; as much as may be bought for a penny.</def> "A dear <i>pennyworth</i>."

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: The full value of one's penny expended; due return for money laid out; a good bargain; a bargain.</def>

<blockquote>The priests sold the better <b>pennyworths</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small quantity; a trifle.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Penock</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pend</er>.</def>

<h1>Penological</h1>
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<hw>Pen`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to penology.</def>

<h1>Penologist</h1>
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<hw>Pe*nol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in, or a student of, penology.</def>

<h1>Penology</h1>
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<hw>Pe*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, or L. <ets>poena</ets>, punishment + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science or art of punishment.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>p&oe;nology</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Penrack</h1>
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<hw>Pen"rack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rack for pens not in use.</def>

<h1>Pens</h1>
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<hw>Pens</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <def><tt>pl.</tt> of <er>Penny</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pensative</h1>
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<hw>Pen"sa*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pensive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Pensel</h1>
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<hw>Pen"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pencel.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pensible</h1>
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<hw>Pen"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Held aloft.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Pensile</h1>
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<hw>Pen"sile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pensilis</ets>, fr. <ets>pendere</ets> to hang: cf. OE. <ets>pensil</ets>. See <er>Pendant</er>.]</ety> <def>Hanging; suspended; pendent; pendulous.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>The long, <b>pensile</b> branches of the birches.
<i>W. Howitt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pensileness</h1>
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<hw>Pen"sile*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State or quality of being pensile; pendulousness.</def>

<h1>Pension</h1>
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<hw>Pen"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>pensio</ets> a paying, payment, fr. <ets>pendere</ets>, <ets>pensum</ets>, to weight, to pay; akin to <ets>pend<?/re</ets> to hang. See <er>Pendant</er>, and cf. <er>Spend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A payment; a tribute; something paid or given.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The stomach's <b>pension</b>, and the time's expense.
<i>Sylvester.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stated allowance to a person in consideration of past services; payment made to one retired from service, on account of age, disability, or other cause; especially, a regular stipend paid by a government to retired public officers, disabled soldiers, the families of soldiers killed in service, or to meritorious authors, or the like.</def>

<blockquote>To all that kept the city <b>pensions</b> and wages.
<i>1 Esd. iv. 56.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A certain sum of money paid to a clergyman in lieu of tithes.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[F., pronounced <tt><?/</tt>.]</ety> <def>A boarding house or boarding school in France, Belgium, Switzerland, etc.</def>

<h1>Pension</h1>
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<hw>Pen"sion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pensioned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pensioning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To grant a pension to; to pay a regular stipend to; in consideration of service already performed; -- sometimes followed by <i>off</i>; <as>as, to <ex>pension</ex> off a servant</as>.</def>

<blockquote>One knighted Blackmore, and one <b>pensioned</b> Quarles.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pensionary</h1>
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<hw>Pen"sion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Maintained by a pension; receiving a pension; <as>as, <ex>pensionary</ex> spies</as>.</def>

<i>Donne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of a pension; <as>as, a <ex>pensionary</ex> provision for maintenance</as>.</def>

<h1>Pensionary</h1>
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<hw>Pen"sion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pensionaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pensionnaire</ets>. Cf. <er>Pensioner</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who receives a pension; a pensioner.</def>

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the chief magistrates of towns in Holland.</def>

<cs><col>Grand pensionary</col>, <cd>the title of the prime minister, or or president of the Council, of Holland when a republic.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pensioner</h1>
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<hw>Pen"sion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One in receipt of a pension; hence, figuratively, a dependent.</def>

<blockquote>The fickle <b>pensioners</b> of Morpheus' train.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Old <b>pensioners</b> . . . of Chelsea Hospital.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of an honorable band of gentlemen who attend the sovereign of England on state occasions, and receive an annual pension, or allowance, of \'9c150 and two horses.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pensionnaire</ets> one who pays for his board. Cf. <er>Pensionary</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>In the university of Cambridge, England, one who pays for his living in commons; -- corresponding to <i>commoner</i> at Oxford.</def>

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<h1>Pensive</h1>
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<hw>Pen"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pensif</ets>, fr. <ets>penser</ets> to think, fr. L. <ets>pensare</ets> to weigh, ponder, consider, v. intens. fr. <ets>pendere</ets> to weigh. See <er>Pension</er>, <er>Poise</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Thoughtful, sober, or sad; employed in serious reflection; given to, or favorable to, earnest or melancholy musing.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>pensive</b> secrecy of desert cell.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Anxious cares the <b>pensive</b> nymph oppressed.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressing or suggesting thoughtfulness with sadness; <as>as, <ex>pensive</ex> numbers</as>.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Pensived</h1>
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<hw>Pen"sived</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made pensive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pensively</h1>
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<hw>Pen"sive*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pensive manner.</def>

<h1>Pensiveness</h1>
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<hw>Pen"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being pensive; serious thoughtfulness; seriousness.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Penstock</h1>
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<hw>Pen"stock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain; perh. fr. <ets>pen</ets> an inclosure + <ets>stock</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A close conduit or pipe for conducting water, as, to a water wheel, or for emptying a pond, or for domestic uses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The barrel of a wooden pump.</def>

<h1>Pent</h1>
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<hw>Pent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. &or; a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pen</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Penned or shut up; confined; -- often with <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Here in the body <b>pent</b>.
<i>J. Montgomery.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No <b>pent-up</b> Utica contracts your powers.
<i>J. M. Sewall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Penta-</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ta-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, a later combining form of <?/ five. See <er>Five</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A combining form denoting <i>five</i>; <as>as, <ex>penta</ex>capsular; <ex>penta</ex>gon.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Denoting the degree of <i>five</i>, either as regards quality, property, or composition; <as>as, <ex>penta</ex>sulphide; <ex>pent</ex>oxide, etc.</as>  Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Pentabasic</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*ba"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + <ets>basic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Capable of uniting with five molecules of a monacid base; having five acid hydrogen atoms capable of substitution by a basic radical; -- said of certain acids.</def>

<h1>Pentacapsular</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*cap"su*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + <ets>capsular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having five capsules.</def>

<h1>Pentachenium</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*che"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Penta-</er>, and <er>Achenium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A dry fruit composed of five carpels, which are covered by an epigynous calyx and separate at maturity.</def>

<h1>Pentachloride</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*chlo"ride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + <ets>chloride</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A chloride having five atoms of chlorine in each molecule.</def>

<h1>Pentachord</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ta*chord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pentachordus</ets> five-stringed, Gr. <?/; <?/ five + <?/ string.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ancient instrument of music with five strings.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An order or system of five sounds.</def>

<i>Busby.</i>

<h1>Pentacid</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tac"id</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + <ets>acid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Capable of neutralizing, or combining with, five molecules of a monobasic acid; having five hydrogen atoms capable of substitution by acid residues; -- said of certain complex bases.</def>

<h1>Pentacle</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ta*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ five.]</ety> <def>A figure composed of two equilateral triangles intersecting so as to form a six-pointed star, -- used in early ornamental art, and also with superstitious import by the astrologers and mystics of the Middle Ages.</def><-- ?? Usually, it is a five-pointed star, also called a pentagram or pentalpha.  See illustr. under pentalpha.  The six-pointed is also called Solomon's seal; it resembles the star of David (Magen David) [not listed in the W1913] -->

<h1>Pentacoccous</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*coc"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Penta-</er>, <er>Coccus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Composed of five united carpels with one seed in each, as certain fruits.</def>

<h1>Pentaconter</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ta*con`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>See <er>Penteconter</er>.</def>

<h1>Pentacrinin</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tac"ri*nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A red and purple pigment found in certain crinoids of the genus Pentacrinus.</def>

<h1>Pentacrinite</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tac"ri*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a lily.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of Pentacrinus.</def>

<h1>Pentacrinoid</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tac"ri*noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pentacrinus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An immature comatula when it is still attached by a stem, and thus resembles a Pentacrinus.</def>

<h1>Pentacrinus</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tac"ri*nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Penta-</er>, and <er>Crinum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of large, stalked crinoids, of which several species occur in deep water among the West Indies and elsewhere.</def>

<h1>Pentacron</h1>
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<hw>Pen*ta"cron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Pentacra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Pentacrons</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ five + <?/ a summit.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A solid having five summits or angular points.</def>

<h1>Pentacrostic</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*cros"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + <ets>acrostic</ets>.]</ety> <def>A set of verses so disposed that the name forming the subject of the acrostic occurs five times -- the whole set of verses being divided into five different parts from top to bottom.</def>

<h1>Pentad</h1>
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<hw>Pen"tad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a body of five, fr. <?/ five.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any element, atom, or radical, having a valence of five, or which can be combined with, substituted for, or compared with, five atoms of hydrogen or other monad; <as>as, nitrogen is a <ex>pentad</ex> in the ammonium compounds</as>.</def>

<h1>Pentad</h1>
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<hw>Pen"tad</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having the valence of a pentad.</def>

<h1>Pentadactyl, Pentadactyle</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pen`ta*dac"tyl</hw>, <hw>Pen`ta*dac"tyle</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ with five fingers or toes. See <er>Penta-</er>, and <er>Dactyl</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having five digits to the hand or foot.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having five appendages resembling fingers or toes.</def>

<h1>Pentadactyloid</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*dac"tyl*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pentadactyl</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the form of, or a structure modified from, a pentadactyl limb.</def>

<h1>Pentadecane</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*dec"ane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + Gr. <?/ ten.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon of the paraffin series, (<chform>C15H32</chform>) found in petroleum, tar oil, etc., and obtained as a colorless liquid; -- so called from the <i>fifteen</i> carbon atoms in the molecule.</def>

<h1>Pentadecatoic</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*dec`a*to"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + <ets>decatoic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, pentadecane, or designating an acid related to it.</def>

<h1>Pentadecylic</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*decyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + <ets>decylic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Quindecylic</er><-- = pentadecyl? -->.</def>

<h1>Pentadelphous</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*del"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + Gr. <?/ brother.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the stamens arranged in five clusters, those of each cluster having their filaments more or less united, as the flowers of the linden.</def>

<hr>
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Page 1062<p>

<h1>Pentafid</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ta*fid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + root of L. <ets>findere</ets> to split.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Divided or cleft into five parts.</def>

<h1>Pentaglot</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ta*glot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + <ets>-glot</ets>, as in <ets>polyglot</ets>.]</ety> <def>A work in five different tongues.</def>

<h1>Pentagon</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ta*gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ (see <er>Penta-</er>) + <grk>gwni`a</grk> angle: cf. L. <ets>pentagonium</ets>, F. <ets>pentagone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A plane figure having five angles, and, consequently, five sides; any figure having five angles.</def>

<cs><col>Regular pentagon</col>, <cd>a pentagon in which the angles are all equal, and the sides all equal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pentagonal</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tag"o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pentagonal</ets>, <ets>pentagone</ets>, L. <ets>pentagonus</ets>, <ets>pentagonius</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Having five corners or angles.</def>

<cs><col>Pentagonal dodecahedron</col>. <cd>See <er>Dodecahedron</er>, and <er>Pyritohedron</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pentagonally</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tag"o*nal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the form of a pentagon; with five angles.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Pentagonous</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tag"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pentagonal.</def>

<h1>Pentagram</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ta*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, neut. of <?/ having five lines. See <er>Penta-</er>, and <er>-gram</er>.]</ety> <def>A pentacle or a pentalpha.</def> "Like a wizard <i>pentagram</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Pentagraphic, Pentagraphical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pen`ta*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pen`ta*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>pantographic</ets>, <ets>-ical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pantographic. See <er>Pantograph</er>.</def>

<h1>Pentagynia</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*gyn"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ (see <er>Penta-</er>) + <?/ female.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an order of plants, having five styles or pistils.</def>

<h1>Pentagynian, Pentagynous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pen`ta*gyn"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pen*tag"y*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to plants of the order Pentagyna; having five styles.</def>

<h1>Pentahedral</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*he"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having five sides; <as>as, a <ex>pentahedral</ex> figure</as>.</def>

<h1>Pentahedrical</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*hed"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pentahedral.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pentahedron</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*he"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + Gr. <grk>"e`dra</grk> seat, base.]</ety> <def>A solid figure having five sides.</def>

<h1>Pentahedrous</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*he"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pentahedral.</def>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Pentail</h1>
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<hw>Pen"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A peculiar insectivore (<spn>Ptilocercus Lowii</spn>) of Borneo; -- so called from its very long, quill-shaped tail, which is scaly at the base and plumose at the tip.</def>

<h1>Pentalpha</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tal"pha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>pentalpha</ets>. See <er>Penta-</er>, and <er>Alpha</er>.]</ety> <def>A five-pointed star, resembling five alphas joined at their bases; -- used as a symbol.</def>
<-- also called pentagram and pentacle? -->

<h1>Pentamera</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tam"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pentamerous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive division of Coleoptera, including those that normally have five-jointed tarsi. It embraces about half of all the known species of the Coleoptera.</def>

<h1>Pentameran</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tam"er*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Pentamera.</def>

<h1>Pentamerous</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tam"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + Gr. <?/ part.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Divided into, or consisting of, five parts; also, arranged in sets, with five parts in each set, as a flower with five sepals, five petals, five, or twice five, stamens, and five pistils.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Pentamera.</def>

<h1>Pentamerus</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tam"e*rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pentamerous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of extinct Paleozoic brachiopods, often very abundant in the Upper Silurian.</def>

<cs><col>Pentamerus limestone</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a Silurian limestone composed largely of the shells of Pentamerus.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pentameter</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tam"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ (see <er>Penta-</er>) + <?/ measure.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. & L.Pros.)</fld> <def>A verse of five feet.</def>

<note>&hand; The dactylic pentameter consists of two parts separated by a di\'91resis. Each part consists of two dactyls and a long syllable. The spondee may take the place of the dactyl in the first part, but not in the second. The <i>elegiac distich</i> consists of the hexameter followed by the pentameter.</note>

<i>Harkness.</i>

<h1>Pentameter</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tam"e*ter</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having five metrical feet.</def>

<h1>Pentamethylene</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*meth"yl*ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + <ets>methylene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hypothetical hydrocarbon, <chform>C5H10</chform>, metameric with the amylenes, and the nucleus of a large number of derivatives; -- so named because regarded as composed of five methylene residues. Cf. <er>Trimethylene</er>, and <er>Tetramethylene</er>.</def>

<h1>Pentandria</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tan"dri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ (see <er>Penta-</er>) + <?/, <?/, man, male.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an class of plants having five separate stamens.</def>

<h1>Pentandrian, Pentandrous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pen*tan"dri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pen*tan"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the class Pentadria; having five stamens.</def>

<h1>Pentane</h1>
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<hw>Pen"tane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Penta-</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of the three metameric hydrocarbons, <chform>C5H12</chform>, of the methane or paraffin series. They are colorless, volatile liquids, two of which occur in petroleum. So called because of the <i>five</i> carbon atoms in the molecule.</def>

<h1>Pentangle</h1>
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<hw>Pen"tan`gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pent</ets>a-</ets> + <ets><ets>angle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pentagon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Pentangular</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tan"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pent</ets>a-</ets> + <ets><ets>angular</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having five corners or angles.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pentapetalous</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + <ets>petal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having five petals, or flower leaves.</def>

<h1>Pentaphyllous</h1>
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<hw>Pen*taph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + Gr. <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having five leaves or leaflets.</def>

<h1>Pentapody</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tap"o*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A measure or series consisting of five feet.</def>

<h1>Pentaptote</h1>
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<hw>Pen"tap*tote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. (<ets>pl</ets>.) <ets>pentaptota</ets>. Gr. <?/ with five cases; <?/ (see <er>Penta-</er>) + <?/ falling.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A noun having five cases.</def>

<h1>Pentaptych</h1>
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<hw>Pen"tap*tych</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, a fold.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A picture, or combination of pictures, consisting of a centerpiece and double folding doors or wings, as for an altarpiece.</def>

<h1>Pentarchy</h1>
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<hw>Pen"tar*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>pentarchie</ets>. See <er>Penta-</er>, and <er>-archy</er>.]</ety> <def>A government in the hands of five persons; five joint rulers.</def> <i>P. Fletcher</i>. "The <i>pentarchy</i> of the senses." <i>A. Brewer</i>.

<h1>Pentaspast</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ta*spast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pentaspaston</ets>, Gr. <?/ (see <er>Penta-</er>) + <?/ to pull: cf. F. <ets>pentaspaste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A purchase with five pulleys.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pentaspermous</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*sper"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + Gr. <?/ seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Containing five seeds.</def>

<h1>Pentastich</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ta*stich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of five verses; <?/ (see <er>Penta-</er>) + <?/ line, verse.]</ety> <def>A composition consisting of five verses.</def>

<h1>Pentastichous</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tas"ti*chous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a row.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having, or arranged in, five vertical ranks, as the leaves of an apple tree or a cherry tree.</def>

<h1>Pentastomida</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*stom"i*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <?/ (see <er>Penta-</er>) + <?/ a mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Linguatulina</er>.</def>

<h1>Pentastyle</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ta*style</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a pillar.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Having five columns in front; -- said of a temple or portico in classical architecture.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A portico having five columns.</def></def2>

<h1>Pentateuch</h1>
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<hw>Pen"ta*teuch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pentateuchus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ (see <er>Penta-</er>) + <?/ a tool, implement, a book, akin to <?/ to prepare, make ready, and perh. to E. <ets>text</ets>. See <er>Five</er>, and <er>Text</er>.]</ety> <def>The first five books of the Old Testament, collectively; -- called also the <altname>Law of Moses</altname>, <altname>Book of the Law of Moses</altname>, etc.</def>

<h1>Pentateuchal</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*teu"chal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pentateuch.</def>

<h1>Pentathionic</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*thi*on"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + <ets>thionic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of sulphur obtained by leading hydrogen sulphide into a solution of sulphur dioxide; -- so called because it contains <i>five</i> atoms of sulphur.</def>

<h1>Pentathlon</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tath"lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ five + <?/ a contest.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A fivefold athletic performance peculiar to the great national games of the Greeks, including leaping, foot racing, wrestling, throwing the discus, and throwing the spear.</def>

<h1>Pentatomic</h1>
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<hw>Pen`ta*tom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + <ets>atomic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having five atoms in the molecule.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having five hydrogen atoms capable of substitution.</def>

<h1>Pentavalent</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tav"a*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + L. <ets>valens</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Valence</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having a valence of five; -- said of certain atoms and radicals.</def>

<h1>Penteconter</h1>
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<hw>Pen"te*con`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), fr. <?/ fifty.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A Grecian vessel with fifty oars.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pentaconter</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pentecost</h1>
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<hw>Pen"te*cost</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pentecoste</ets>, Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/) the fiftieth day, Pentecost, fr. <?/ fiftieth, fr. <?/ fifty, fr. <?/ five. See <er>Five</er>, and cf. <er>Pingster</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A solemn festival of the Jews; -- so called because celebrated on the fiftieth day (seven weeks) after the second day of the Passover (which fell on the sixteenth of the Jewish month Nisan); -- hence called, also, the <altname>Feast of Weeks</altname>. At this festival an offering of the first fruits of the harvest was made. By the Jews it was generally regarded as commemorative of the gift of the law on the fiftieth day after the departure from Egypt.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A festival of the Roman Catholic and other churches in commemoration of the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles; which occurred on the day of Pentecost; -- called also <altname>Whitsunday</altname>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pentecostal</h1>
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<hw>Pen`te*cos"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Pentecost or to Whitsuntide.</def>

<h1>Pentecostals</h1>
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<hw>Pen`te*cos"tals</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Offerings formerly made to the parish priest, or to the mother church, at Pentecost.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Pentecoster</h1>
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<hw>Pen`te*cos"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ fifty.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An officer in the Spartan army commanding fifty men.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Pentecosty</h1>
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<hw>Pen`te*cos"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pentecosties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ the fiftieth, <?/ fifty.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A troop of fifty soldiers in the Spartan army; -- called also <altname>pentecostys</altname>.</def>

<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i>

<h1>Pentelic, Pentelican</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pen*tel"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pen*tel"i*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Mount Pentelicus, near Athens, famous for its fine white marble quarries; obtained from Mount Pentelicus; <as>as, the <ex>Pentelic</ex> marble of which the Parthenon is built</as>.</def>

<h1>Pentene</h1>
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<hw>Pen"tene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Penta-</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Amylene</er>.</def>

<h1>Penthouse</h1>
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<hw>Pent"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <ets>pentice</ets>.]</ety> <def>A shed or roof sloping from the main wall or building, as over a door or window; a lean-to. Also figuratively.</def> "The <i>penthouse</i> of his eyes."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<-- 2. An apartment at the top of a building.  It is often the most luxuriously appointed apartment, and is thus used as a metaphor for luxurious living. -->

<h1>Penthouse</h1>
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<hw>Pent"house`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Leaning; overhanging.</def> "<i>Penthouse</i> lid." <i>Shak.</i> "My <i>penthouse</i> eyebrows." <i>Dryden</i>.

<h1>Pentice</h1>
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<hw>Pen"tice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>appentis</ets> a penthouse. See <er>Append</er>.]</ety> <def>A penthouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Pentile</h1>
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<hw>Pen"tile`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pantile</er>.</def>

<h1>Pentine</h1>
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<hw>Pen"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Penta-</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An unsaturated hydrocarbon, <chform>C5H8</chform>, of the acetylene series. Same as <er>Valerylene</er>.</def>

<h1>Pentoic</h1>
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<hw>Pen*to"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Penta-</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or desingating, an acid (called also <i>valeric acid</i>) derived from pentane.</def>

<h1>Pentone</h1>
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<hw>Pen"tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Penta-</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Valylene</er>.</def>

<h1>Pentoxide</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tox"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Penta-</ets> + <ets>oxide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oxide containing five atoms of oxygen in each molecule; <as>as, phosphorus <ex>pentoxide</ex>, <chform>P2O5</chform></as>.</def>

<h1>Pentremite</h1>
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<hw>Pen"tre*mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of Pentremites.</def>

<h1>Pentremites</h1>
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<hw>Pen`tre*mi"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ five + L. <ets>remus</ets> an oar.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of crinoids belonging to the Blastoidea. They have five petal-like ambulacra.</def>

<h1>Pentroof</h1>
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<hw>Pent"roof`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pente</ets> slope + E. <ets>roof</ets>, or from <ets>pent</ets>house <ets>roof</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Lean-to</er>.</def>

<h1>Pentrough</h1>
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<hw>Pen"trough`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A penstock.</def>

<h1>Pentyl</h1>
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<hw>Pen"tyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pent</ets>a + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The hypothetical radical, <chform>C5H11</chform>, of pentane and certain of its derivatives. Same as <er>Amyl</er>.</def>

<h1>Pentylic</h1>
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<hw>Pen*tyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, pentyl; as, <i>pentylic</i> alcohol</def>

<h1>Penuchle, Pinocle</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pe"nu*chle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pin"o*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A game at cards, played with forty-eight cards, being all the cards above the eight spots in two packs.</def>

<h1>Penult</h1>
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<hw>Pe"nult</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbreviated fr. <ets>penultima</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram. & Pros.)</fld> <def>The last syllable but one of a word; the syllable preceding the final one.</def>

<h1>Penultima</h1>
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<hw>Pe*nul"ti*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. (sc. <ets>syllaba</ets>), fr. <ets>penultimus</ets>, <ets>paenultimus</ets>, the last but one; <ets>paene</ets> almost + <ets>ultimus</ets> the last.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Penult</er>.</def>

<h1>Penultimate</h1>
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<hw>Pe*nul"ti*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Last but one; <as>as, the <ex>penultimate</ex> syllable, the last syllable but one of a word</as>.</def>

<h1>Penultimate</h1>
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<hw>Pe*nul"ti*mate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The penult.</def>

<h1>Penumbra</h1>
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<hw>Pe*num"bra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>paene</ets> almost + <ets>umbra</ets> shade.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An incomplete or partial shadow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The shadow cast, in an eclipse, where the light is partly, but not wholly, cut off by the intervening body; the space of partial illumination between the umbra, or perfect shadow, on all sides, and the full light.</def>

<i>Sir I. Newton.</i>

<note>&hand; The faint shade surrounding the dark central portion of a solar spot is also called the <altname>penumbra</altname>, and sometimes <altname>umbra</altname>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>The part of a picture where the shade imperceptibly blends with the light.</def>

<h1>Penumbrala</h1>
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<hw>Pe*num"brala</hw>. <def>Of or pertaining to a penumbra; resembling a penumbra; partially illuminated.</def>

<h1>Penurious</h1>
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<hw>Pe*nu"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Penury</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Excessively sparing in the use of money; sordid; stingy; miserly.</def> "A <i>penurious</i> niggard of his wealth."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not bountiful or liberal; scanty.</def>

<blockquote>Here creeps along a poor, <b>penurious</b> stream.
<i>C. Pitt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Destitute of money; suffering extreme want.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "My <i>penurious</i> band."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Avaricious; covetous; parsimonious; miserly; niggardly; stingy. See <er>Avaricious</er>.</syn>

--<wordforms><wf>Pe*nu"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pe*nu"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Penury</h1>
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<hw>Pen"u*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>penuria</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ hunger, <?/ poverty, need, <?/ one who works for his daily bread, a poor man, <?/ to work for one's daily bread, to be poor: cf. F. <ets>p\'82nurie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Absence of resources; want; privation; indigence; extreme poverty; destitution.</def> "A <i>penury</i> of military forces."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>They were exposed to hardship and <b>penury</b>.
<i>Sprat.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It arises in neither from <b>penury</b> of thought.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Penuriousness; miserliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Penwiper</h1>
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<hw>Pen"wip`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cloth, or other material, for wiping off or cleaning ink from a pen.</def>

<h1>Penwoman</h1>
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<hw>Pen"wom`an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Penwomen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A female writer; an authoress.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Peon</h1>
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<hw>Pe"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Poon</er>.</def>

<h1>Peon</h1>
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<hw>Pe"on</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>peon</ets>, or Pg. <ets>pe<?/o</ets>, one who travels on foot, a foot soldier, a pawn in chess. See <er>Pawn</er> in chess.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A foot soldier; a policeman; also, an office attendant; a messenger.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A day laborer; a servant; especially, in some of the Spanish American countries, debtor held by his creditor in a form of qualified servitude, to work out a debt.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chess)</fld> <def>See 2d <er>Pawn</er>.</def>

<h1>Peonage</h1>
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<hw>Pe"on*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of a peon.</def>

<h1>Peonism</h1>
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<hw>Pe"on*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Peonage</er>.</def>

<i>D. Webster.</i>

<h1>Peony</h1>
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<hw>Pe"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Peonies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>pione</ets>, <ets>pioine</ets>, <ets>pioni</ets>, OF. <ets>pione</ets>, F. <ets>pivoine</ets>, L. <ets>paeonia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, the god of healing. Cf. <er>P\'91an</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant, and its flower, of the ranunculaceous genus <spn>P\'91onia</spn>. Of the four or five species, one is a shrub; the rest are perennial herbs with showy flowers, often double in cultivation.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>p\'91ony</asp>, and <asp>piony</asp>.]</altsp>

<hr>
<page="1063">
Page 1063<p>

<h1>People</h1>
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<hw>Peo"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>peple</ets>, <ets>people</ets>, OF. <ets>pueple</ets>, F. <ets>peuple</ets>, fr. L. <ets>populus</ets>. Cf. <er>Populage</er>, <er>Public</er>, <er>Pueblo</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The body of persons who compose a community, tribe, nation, or race; an aggregate of individuals forming a whole; a community; a nation.</def>

<blockquote>Unto him shall the gathering of the <b>people</b> be.
<i>Gen. xlix. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ants are a <b>people</b> not strong.
<i>Prov. xxx. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Before many <b>peoples</b>, and nations, and tongues.
<i>Rev. x. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Earth's monarchs are her <b>peoples</b>.
<i>Whitter</i></blockquote>.

<blockquote>A government of all the <b>people</b>, by all the <b>people</b>, for all the <b>people</b>.
<i>T. Parker.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>People</i>is a collective noun, generally construed with a plural verb, and only occasionally used in the plural form (<i>peoples</i>), in the sense of nations or races.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Persons, generally; an indefinite number of men and women; folks; population, or part of population; <as>as, country <ex>people</ex></as>; -- sometimes used as an indefinite subject or verb, like <i>on</i> in French, and <i>man</i> in German; <as>as, <ex>people</ex> in adversity</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>People</b> were tempted to lend by great premiums.
<i>Swift</i></blockquote>.

<blockquote><b>People</b> have lived twenty-four days upon nothing but water.
<i>Arbuthnot</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The mass of comunity as distinguished from a special class; the commonalty; the populace; the vulgar; the common crowd; <as>as, nobles and <ex>people</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>And strive to gain his pardon from the <b>people</b>.
<i>Addison</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>4.</b> With a possessive pronoun: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One's ancestors or family; kindred; relations; <as>as, my <ex>people</ex> were English</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One's subjects; fellow citizens; companions; followers</def>. "You slew great number of his <i>people</i>."

<i>Shak</i>.

<syn>Syn. -- <er>People</er>, <er>Nation</er>.</syn> <usage> When speaking of a state, we use <i>people</i> for the mass of the community, as distinguished from their rulers, and <i>nation</i> for the entire political body, including the rulers. In another sense of the term, <i>nation</i> describes those who are descended from the same stock; and in this sense the Germans regard themselves as one <i>nation</i>, though politically subject to different forms of government.</usage>

<h1>People</h1>
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<hw>Peo"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. &  p. p.</tt> <er>Peopled</er> <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Peopling</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>popler</ets>, <ets>puepler</ets>, F. <ets>puepler</ets>. Cf. <er>Populate</er>.]</ety> <def>To stock with people or inhabitants; to fill as with people; to populate.</def> "<i>Peopled</i> heaven with angels."

<i>Dryden</i>.

<blockquote>As the gay motes that <b>people</b> the sunbeams.
<i>Milton</i></blockquote>.

<h1>Peopled</h1>
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<hw>Peo"pled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Stocked with, or as with, people; inhabited.</def> "The <i>peopled</i> air."

<i>Gray</i>.

<h1>Peopleless</h1>
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<hw>Peo"ple*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of people.</def>

<i>Poe</i>.

<h1>Peopler</h1>
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<hw>Peo"pler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A settler; an inhabitant.</def> "<i>Peoplers</i> of the peaceful glen."

<i>J. S. Blackie.</i>

<h1>Peoplish</h1>
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<hw>Peo"plish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Vulgar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer</i>.

<h1>Peorias</h1>
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<hw>Pe*o"ri*as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Peoria</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>An Algonquin tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited a part of Illinois.</def>

<h1>Pepastic</h1>
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<hw>Pe*pas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to ripen, suppurate: cf. F. <ets>p\'82pastique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Maturative</er>.</def>

<h1>Peperine, Peperino</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pep"e*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pep`e*ri"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>peperino</ets>, L. <ets>piper</ets> pepper. So called on account of its color.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A volcanic rock, formed by the cementing together of sand, scoria, cinders, etc.</def>

<h1>Peplis</h1>
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<hw>Pep"lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a kind of plant, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants including water purslane.</def>

<h1>Peplus</h1>
<Xpage=1063>

<hw>Pep"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An upper garment worn by Grecian and Roman women.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of kerchief formerly worn by Englishwomen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fairholt</i>.

<h1>Pepo</h1>
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<hw>Pe"po</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a kind of melon, from Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any fleshy fruit with a firm rind, as a pumpkin, melon, or gourd. See <er>Gourd</er>.</def>

<h1>Pepper</h1>
<Xpage=1063>

<hw>Pep"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>peper</ets>, AS. <ets>pipor</ets>, L. <ets>piper</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, akin to Skr. <ets>pippala</ets>, <ets>pippali</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A well-known, pungently aromatic condiment, the dried berry, either whole or powdered, of the <spn>Piper nigrum</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Common</i>, or <i>black</i>, <i>pepper</i> is made from the whole berry, dried just before maturity; <i>white pepper</i> is made from the ripe berry after the outer skin has been removed by maceration and friction. It has less of the peculiar properties of the plant than the black pepper.  Pepper is used in medicine as a carminative stimulant.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The plant which yields pepper, an East Indian woody climber (<spn>Piper nigrum</spn>), with ovate leaves and apetalous flowers in spikes opposite the leaves. The berries are red when ripe. Also, by extension, any one of the several hundred species of the genus <spn>Piper</spn>, widely dispersed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the earth.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any plant of the genus Capsicum, and its fruit; red pepper; <as>as, the bell <ex>pepper</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The term <i>pepper</i> has been extended to various other fruits and plants, more or less closely resembling the true pepper, esp. to the common varieties of <spn>Capsicum</spn>. See <er>Capsicum</er>, and the Phrases, below.</note>

<cs><col>African pepper</col>, <cd>the Guinea pepper. See under <er>Guinea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cayenne pepper</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cayenne</er>.</cd> -- <col>Chinese pepper</col>, <cd>the spicy berries of the <spn>Xanthoxylum piperitum</spn>, a species of prickly ash found in China and Japan.</cd> -- <col>Guinea pepper</col>. <cd>See under <er>Guinea</er>, and <er>Capsicum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Jamaica pepper</col>. <cd>See <er>Allspice</er>.</cd> -- <col>Long pepper</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The spike of berries of <spn>Piper longum</spn>, an East Indian shrub</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The root of <spn>Piper, &or; Macropiper, methysticum</spn>. See <er>Kava</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Malaguetta</col>, &or; <col>Meleguetta</col>, <col>pepper</col></mcol>, <cd>the aromatic seeds of the <spn>Amomum Melegueta</spn>, an African plant of the Ginger family. They are sometimes used to flavor beer, etc., under the name of <altname>grains of Paradise</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red pepper</col>. <cd>See <er>Capsicum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sweet pepper bush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American shrub (<spn>Clethra alnifolia</spn>), with racemes of fragrant white flowers; -- called also <altname>white alder</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Pepper box</col> &or; <col>caster</col></mcol>, <cd>a small box or bottle, with a perforated lid, used for sprinkling ground pepper on food, etc.</cd> -- <col>Pepper corn</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Pepper elder</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a West Indian name of several plants of the Pepper family, species of <spn>Piper</spn> and <spn>Peperomia</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Pepper moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European moth (<spn>Biston betularia</spn>) having white wings covered with small black specks.</cd> -- <col>Pepper pot</col>, <cd>a mucilaginous soup or stew of vegetables and cassareep, much esteemed in the West Indies.</cd> -- <col>Pepper root</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Coralwort</er>.</cd> -- <col>pepper sauce</col>, <cd>a condiment for the table, made of small red peppers steeped in vinegar.</cd> -- <col>Pepper tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an aromatic tree (<spn>Drimys axillaris</spn>) of the Magnolia family, common in New Zealand. See <cref>Peruvian mastic tree</cref>, under <er>Mastic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pepper</h1>
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<hw>Pep"per</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Peppered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Peppering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sprinkle or season with pepper.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Figuratively: To shower shot or other missiles, or blows, upon; to pelt; to fill with shot, or cover with bruises or wounds.</def> "I have <i>peppered</i> two of them." "I am <i>peppered</i>, I warrant, for this world."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pepper</h1>
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<hw>Pep"per</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fire numerous shots (at).</def>

<h1>Pepperbrand</h1>
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<hw>Pep"per*brand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See 1st <er>Bunt</er>.</def>

<h1>Peppercorn</h1>
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<hw>Pep"per*corn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A dried berry of the black pepper (<spn>Piper nigrum</spn>).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything insignificant; a particle.</def>

<h1>Pepper dulse</h1>
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<hw>Pep"per dulse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A variety of edible seaweed (<spn>Laurencia pinnatifida</spn>) distinguished for its pungency.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<h1>Pepperer</h1>
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<hw>Pep"per*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A grocer; -- formerly so called because he sold pepper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Peppergrass</h1>
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<hw>Pep"per*grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any herb of the cruciferous genus <spn>Lepidium</spn>, especially the garden peppergrass, or garden cress, <spn>Lepidium sativum</spn>; -- called also <altname>pepperwort</altname>. All the species have a pungent flavor.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The common pillwort of Europe (<spn>Pilularia globulifera</spn>). See <er>Pillwort</er>.</def>

<h1>Pepperidge</h1>
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<hw>Pep"per*idge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. NL. <ets>berberis</ets>, E. <ets>barberry</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A North American tree (<spn>Nyssa multiflora</spn>) with very tough wood, handsome oval polished leaves, and very acid berries, -- the sour gum, or common tupelo. See <er>Tupelo</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>piperidge</asp> and <asp>pipperidge</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Pepperidge bush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the barberry.</cd></cs>

<h1>Peppering</h1>
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<hw>Pep"per*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Hot; pungent; peppery.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Peppermint</h1>
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<hw>Pep"per*mint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pepper</ets> + <ets>mint</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An aromatic and pungent plant of the genus <spn>Mentha</spn> (<spn>M. piperita</spn>), much used in medicine and confectionery.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A volatile oil (oil of peppermint) distilled from the fresh herb; also, a well-known essence or spirit (essence of peppermint) obtained from it.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A lozenge of sugar flavored with peppermint.</def>

<cs><col>Peppermint</col><cd> camphor. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> Same as <er>Menthol</er>.</cd> -- <col>Peppermint tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to several Australian species of gum tree (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>E. piperita</spn>, <spn>E. odorata</spn>, etc.) which have hard and durable wood, and yield an essential oil.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pepperwort</h1>
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<hw>Pep"per*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Peppergrass</er>.</def>

<h1>Peppery</h1>
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<hw>Pep"per*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to pepper; having the qualities of pepper; hot; pungent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Hot-tempered; passionate; choleric.</def>

<h1>Pepsin</h1>
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<hw>Pep"sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a cooking, digesting, digestion, fr. <?/, <?/, to cook, digest: cf. F. <ets>pepsine</ets>. Cf. <er>Dyspepsia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An unorganized proteolytic ferment or enzyme contained in the secretory glands of the stomach. In the gastric juice it is united with dilute hydrochloric acid (0.2 per cent, approximately) and the two together constitute the active portion of the digestive fluid. It is the active agent in the gastric juice of all animals.</def>

<note>&hand; As prepared from the glandular layer of pigs' or calves' stomachs it constitutes an important article of pharmacy.</note>

<h1>Pepsinhydrochloric</h1>
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<hw>Pep`sin*hy`dro*chlo"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Peptohydrochloric</er>.</def>

<h1>Pepsinogen</h1>
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<hw>Pep*sin"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pepsin</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>The antecedent of the ferment pepsin. A substance contained in the form of granules in the peptic cells of the gastric glands. It is readily convertible into pepsin. Also called <altname>propepsin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Peptic</h1>
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<hw>Pep"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pepticus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Pepsin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to digestion; promoting digestion; digestive; <as>as, <ex>peptic</ex> sauces</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Able to digest.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Tolerably nutritive for a mind as yet so <b>peptic</b>.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to pepsin; resembling pepsin in its power of digesting or dissolving albuminous matter; containing or yielding pepsin, or a body of like properties; <as>as, the <ex>peptic</ex> glands</as>.</def>

<h1>Peptic</h1>
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<hw>Pep"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An agent that promotes digestion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The digestive organs.</def>

<blockquote>Is there some magic in the place,
Or do my <b>peptics</b> differ?
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Peptics</h1>
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<hw>Pep"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of digestion.</def>

<h1>Peptogen</h1>
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<hw>Pep"to*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pepto</ets>ne + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A substance convertible into peptone.</def>

<h1>Peptogenic</h1>
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<hw>Pep`to*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Peptogenous</er>.</def>

<h1>Peptogenous</h1>
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<hw>Pep*tog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Capable of yielding, or being converted into, peptone.</def>

<h1>Peptohydrochloric</h1>
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<hw>Pep`to*hy`dro*chlo"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Peptone</er>, and <er>Hydrochloric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Designating a hypothetical acid (called <i>peptohydrochloric acid</i>, <i>pepsinhydrochloric acid</i>, and <i>chloropeptic</i> acid) which is supposed to be formed when pepsin and dilute (0.1-0.4 per cent) hydrochloric acid are mixed together.</def>

<h1>Peptone</h1>
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<hw>Pep"tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cooked.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The soluble and diffusible substance or substances into which albuminous portions of the food are transformed by the action of the gastric and pancreatic juices. Peptones are also formed from albuminous matter by the action of boiling water and boiling dilute acids.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Collectively, in a broader sense, all the products resulting from the solution of albuminous matter in either gastric or pancreatic juice. In this case, however, intermediate products (albumose bodies), such as <i>antialbumose</i>, <i>hemialbumose</i>, etc., are mixed with the true peptones. Also termed <i>albuminose</i>.</def>
<-- soluble polypeptides produced by hydrolysis of protein -->

<note>&hand; Pure peptones are of three kinds, <i>amphopeptone</i>, <i>antipeptone</i>, and <i>hemipeptone</i>, and, unlike the albumose bodies, are not precipitated by saturating their solutions with ammonium sulphate.</note>

<h1>Peptonize</h1>
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<hw>Pep"to*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To convert into peptone; to digest or dissolve by means of a proteolytic ferment; <as>as, <ex>peptonized</ex> food</as>.</def>

<h1>Peptonoid</h1>
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<hw>Pep"to*noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Peptone</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance related to peptone.</def>

<h1>Peptonuria</h1>
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<hw>Pep`to*nu"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Peptone</er>, and <er>Urine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The presence of peptone, or a peptonelike body, in the urine.</def><-- not in Stedman's.  Superseded by proteinuria? -->

<h1>Peptotoxine</h1>
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<hw>Pep`to*tox"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pepto</ets>ne + <ets>tox</ets>ic + <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A toxic alkaloid found occasionally associated with the peptones formed from fibrin by pepsinhydrochloric acid.</def>

<h1>Pequots</h1>
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<hw>Pe"quots</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Pequot</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited Eastern Connecticut.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Pequods</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Per-</h1>
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<hw>Per-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Per</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A prefix used to signify <i>through</i>, <i>throughout</i>, <i>by</i>, <i>for</i>, or as an <i>intensive</i> as <i>per</i>haps, by hap or chance; <i>per</i>ennial, that lasts throughout the year; <i>per</i>force, through or by force; <i>per</i>foliate, <i>per</i>forate; <i>per</i>spicuous, evident throughout or very evident; <i>per</i>plex, literally, to entangle very much.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Originally, denoting that the element to the name of which it is prefixed in the respective compounds exercised its <i>highest valence</i>; now, only that the element has a <i>higher valence</i> than in other similar compounds; thus, barium <i>per</i>oxide is the highest oxide of barium; while nitrogen and manganese <i>per</i>oxides, so-called, are not the highest oxides of those elements.</def>

<h1>Per</h1>
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<hw>Per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[L. Cf. <er>Far</er>, <er>For-</er>, <er>Pardon</er>, and cf. <er>Par</er>, <ets>prep</ets>.]</ety> <def>Through; by means of; through the agency of; by; for; for each; <as>as, <ex>per</ex> annum; <ex>per</ex> capita, by heads, or according to individuals; <ex>per</ex> curiam, by the court; <ex>per</ex> se, by itself, of itself</as>.  <ex>Per</ex> is also sometimes used with English words.</def>

<cs><col>Per annum</col>, <cd>by the year; in each successive year; annually.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Per cent</col>, <col>Per centum</col></mcol>, <cd>by the hundred; in the hundred; -- used esp. of proportions of ingredients, rate or amount of interest, and the like; commonly used in the shortened form <i>per cent<i>.</cd><-- commonly symbolized with the per cent sign, % --> -- <col>Per diem</col>, <cd>by the day.</cd> [For other phrases from the Latin, see Quotations, Phrases, etc., from Foreign Languages, in the Supplement.]</cs>

<h1>Peract</h1>
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<hw>Per*act"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peractus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>peragere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To go through with; to perform.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sylvester.</i>

<h1>Peracute</h1>
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<hw>Per`a*cute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peracutus</ets>. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Acute</er>.]</ety> <def>Very sharp; very violent; <as>as, a <ex>peracute</ex> fever</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Peradventure</h1>
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<hw>Per`ad*ven"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv. & conj.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>per aventure</ets>, F. <ets>par aventure</ets>. See <er>Per</er>, and <er>Adventure</er>.]</ety> <def>By chance; perhaps; it may be; if; supposing.</def> "If <i>peradventure</i> he speak against me."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote><b>Peradventure</b> there be fifty righteous within the city.
<i>Gen. xviii. 24.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Peradventure</h1>
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<hw>Per`ad*ven"ture</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Chance; hap; hence, doubt; question; <as>as, proved beyond <ex>peradventure</ex></as>.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Per\'91opod</h1>
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<hw>Pe*r\'91"o*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ on the opposite side + <ets>-pod</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the thoracic legs of a crustacean. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Crustacea</er>.</def>

<h1>Peragrate</h1>
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<hw>Per"a*grate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peragratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>peragrate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To travel over or through.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Peragration</h1>
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<hw>Per`agra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peragratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>peragration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or state of passing through any space; <as>as, the <ex>peragration</ex> of the moon in her monthly revolution</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Perambulate</h1>
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<hw>Per*am"bu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Perambulated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Perambulating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>perambulatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>perambulare</ets> to perambulate; <ets>per</ets> through + <ets>ambulare</ets> to walk. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Amble</er>.]</ety> <def>To walk through or over; especially, to travel over for the purpose of surveying or examining; to inspect by traversing; specifically, to inspect officially the boundaries of, as of a town or parish, by walking over the whole line.</def>

<h1>Perambulate</h1>
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<hw>Per*am"bu*late</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To walk about; to ramble; to stroll; <as>as, he <ex>perambulated</ex> in the park</as>.</def>

<h1>Perambulation</h1>
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<hw>Per*am`bu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of perambulating; traversing.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An annual survey of boundaries, as of town, a parish, a forest, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A district within which one is authorized to make a tour of inspection.</def> "The . . . bounds of his own <i>perambulation</i>." <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holyday.</i>

<h1>Perambulator</h1>
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<hw>Per*am"bu*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who perambulates.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A surveyor's instrument for measuring distances. It consists of a wheel arranged to roll along over the ground, with an apparatus of clockwork, and a dial plate upon which the distance traveled is shown by an index. See <er>Odometer</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A low carriage for a child, propelled by pushing.</def>

<h1>Perameles</h1>
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<hw>Per`a*me"les</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a pouch + L. <ets>meles</ets> a badger.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any marsupial of the genus <spn>Perameles</spn>, which includes numerous species found in Australia. They somewhat resemble rabbits in size and form. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Bandicoot</er>.</def>

<h1>Perbend</h1>
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<hw>Per"bend</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Perpender</er>.</def>

<h1>Perbreak</h1>
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<hw>Per"break`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Parbreak</er>.</def>

<h1>Perbromate</h1>
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<hw>Per*bro"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld><def>A salt of perbromic acid.</def>

<h1>Perbromic</h1>
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<hw>Per*bro"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>per-</ets> + <ets>bromic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, the highest oxygen acid, <chform>HBrO4</chform>, of bromine.</def>

<h1>Perbromide</h1>
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<hw>Per*bro"mide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bromide having a higher proportion of bromine than any other bromide of the same substance or series.</def>

<h1>Perca</h1>
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<hw>Per"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a perch.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fishes, including the fresh-water perch.</def>

<h1>Percale</h1>
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<hw>Per`cale"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A fine cotton fabric, having a linen finish, and often printed on one side, -- used for women's and children's wear.</def>

<h1>Percaline</h1>
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<hw>Per`ca`line"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A fine kind of French cotton goods, usually of one color.</def>

<h1>Percarbide</h1>
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<hw>Per*car"bide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>per-</ets> + <ets>carbide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld><def>A compound containing a relatively large amount of carbon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Percarburet</h1>
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<hw>Per*car"bu*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>per-</ets> + <ets>carburet</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A percarbide.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<h1>Percarbureted</h1>
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<hw>Per*car"bu*ret`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined with a relatively large amount of carbon.</def>

<h1>Percase</h1>
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<hw>Per*case"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>per cas</ets>. See <er>Parcase</er>.]</ety> <def>Perhaps; perchance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Perce</h1>
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<hw>Perce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pierce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Perceivable</h1>
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<hw>Per*ceiv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being perceived; perceptible.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Per*ceiv"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Perceivance</h1>
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<hw>Per*ceiv"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Power of perceiving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The senses and common <i>perceivance</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Perceive</h1>
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<hw>Per*ceive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Perceived</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Perceiving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>percevoir</ets>, <ets>perceveir</ets>, L. <ets>percipere</ets>, <ets>perceptum</ets>; <ets>per</ets> (see <er>Per-</er>) + <ets>capere</ets> to take, receive. See <er>Capacious</er>, and cf. <er>Perception</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To obtain knowledge of through the senses; to receive impressions from by means of the bodily organs; to take cognizance of the existence, character, or identity of, by means of the senses; to see, hear, or feel; <as>as, to <ex>perceive</ex> a distant ship; to <ex>perceive</ex> a discord.</as></def>

<i>Reid.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take intellectual cognizance of; to apprehend by the mind; to be convinced of by direct intuition; to note; to remark; to discern; to see; to understand.</def>

<blockquote>Jesus <b>perceived</b> their wickedness.
<i>Matt. xxii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You may, fair lady,
<b>Perceive</b> I speak sincerely.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Till we ourselves see it with our own eyes, and <b>perceive</b> it by our own understandings, we are still in the dark.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be affected of influented by.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The upper regions of the air <b>perceive</b> the collection of the matter of tempests before the air here below.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To discern; distinguish; observe; see; feel; know; understand.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Perceive</er>, <er>Discern</er>. To <i>perceive</i> a thing is to apprehend it as presented to the senses or the intellect; to <i>discern</i> is to mark differences, or to see a thing as distinguished from others around it. We may <i>perceive</i> two persons afar off without being able to <i>discern</i> whether they are men or women. Hence, <i>discern</i> is often used of an act of the senses or the mind involving close, discriminating, analytical attention. We <i>perceive</i> that which is clear or obvious; we <i>discern</i> that which requires much attention to get an idea of it. "We <i>perceive</i> light, darkness, colors, or the truth or falsehood of anything. We <i>discern</i> characters, motives, the tendency and consequences of actions, etc."</usage>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<hr>
<page="1064">
Page 1064<p>

<h1>Perceiver</h1>
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<hw>Per*ceiv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who perceives (in any of the senses of the verb).</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Percely</h1>
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<hw>Perce"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Parsley.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Percentage</h1>
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<hw>Per*cent"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Per cent</ets> + <ets>-age</ets>, as in average. See <er>Per</er>, and <er>Cent</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A certain rate per cent; the allowance, duty, rate of interest, discount, or commission, on a hundred.</def>

<h1>Percept</h1>
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<hw>Per"cept</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>percipere</ets>, <ets>perceptum</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which is perceived.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<blockquote>The modern discussion between <b>percept</b> and concept, the one sensuous, the other intellectual.
<i>Max M\'81ller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Perceptibility</h1>
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<hw>Per*cep`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>perceptibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being perceptible; <as>as, the <ex>perceptibility</ex> of light or color</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Perception.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Perceptible</h1>
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<hw>Per*cep"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perceptibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>perceptible</ets>. See <er>Perceive</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being perceived; cognizable; discernible; perceivable.</def>

<blockquote>With a <b>perceptible</b> blast of the air.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Per*cep"ti*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Per*cep"ti*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Perception</h1>
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<hw>Per*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perceptio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>perception</ets>. See <er>Perceive</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of perceiving; cognizance by the senses or intellect; apperhension by the bodily organs, or by the mind, of what is presented to them; discernment; apperhension; cognition.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The faculty of perceiving; the faculty, or peculiar part, of man's constitution by which he has knowledge through the medium or instrumentality of the bodily organs; the act of apperhending material objects or qualities through the senses; -- distinguished from <i>conception</i>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<blockquote>Matter hath no life nor <b>perception</b>, and is not conscious of its own existence.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The quality, state, or capability, of being affected by something external; sensation; sensibility.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This experiment discovereth <b>perception</b> in plants.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An idea; a notion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<note>&hand; "The word <i>perception</i> is, in the language of philosophers previous to Reid, used in a very extensive signification. By Descartes, Malebranche, Locke, Leibnitz, and others, it is employed in a sense almost as unexclusive as <i>consciousness</i>, in its widest signification. By Reid this word was limited to our faculty acquisitive of knowledge, and to that branch of this faculty whereby, through the senses, we obtain a knowledge of the external world. But his limitation did not stop here. In the act of external perception he distinguished two elements, to which he gave the names of <i>perception</i> and <i>sensation</i>. He ought perhaps to have called these <i>perception proper</i> and <i>sensation proper</i>, when employed in his special meaning."</note>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Perceptive</h1>
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<hw>Per*cep"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>perceptif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the act or power of perceiving; having the faculty or power of perceiving; used in perception.</def> "His <i>perceptive</i> and reflective faculties."

<i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Perceptivity</h1>
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<hw>Per`cep*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being perceptive; power of perception.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Percesoces</h1>
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<hw>Per*ces"o*ces</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>perca</ets> a perch + <ets>esox</ets>, <ets>-ocis</ets>, a pike.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes including the gray mullets (<spn>Mugil</spn>), the barracudas, the silversides, and other related fishes. So called from their relation both to perches and to pikes.</def>

<h1>Perch</h1>
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<hw>Perch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pearch</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[OE. <ets>perche</ets>, F. <ets>perche</ets>, L. <ets>perca</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; cf. <?/ dark-colored, Skr. <ets>p<?/<?/ni</ets> spotted, speckled, and E. <ets>freckle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any fresh-water fish of the genus Perca and of several other allied genera of the family <spn>Percid\'91</spn>, as the common American or yellow perch (<spn>Perca flavescens, &or; Americana</spn>), and the European perch (<spn>P. fluviatilis</spn>).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any one of numerous species of spiny-finned fishes belonging to the <spn>Percid\'91</spn>, <spn>Serranid\'91</spn>, and related families, and resembling, more or less, the true perches.</def>

<cs><col>Black perch</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The black bass</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The flasher</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>The sea bass.</cd> -- <col>Blue perch</col>, <cd>the cunner.</cd> -- <col>Gray perch</col>, <cd>the fresh-water drum.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red-bellied perch</col>, <cd>the long-eared pondfish.</cd> -- <col>Perch pest</col>, <cd>a small crustacean, parasitic in the mouth of the perch.</cd> -- <col>Silver perch</col>, <cd>the yellowtail.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Stone</col>, &or; <col>Striped</col>, <col>perch</col></mcol>, <cd>the pope.</cd> -- <col>White perch</col>, <cd>the <spn>Roccus, &or; Morone, Americanus</spn>, a small silvery serranoid market fish of the Atlantic coast.</cd></cs>

<h1>Perch</h1>
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<hw>Perch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>perche</ets>, L. <ets>pertica</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pole; a long staff; a rod; esp., a pole or other support for fowls to roost on or to rest on; a roost; figuratively, any elevated resting place or seat.</def>

<blockquote>As chauntecleer among his wives all
Sat on his <b>perche</b>, that was in his hall.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Not making his high place the lawless <b>perch</b>
Of winged ambitions.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A measure of length containing five and a half yards; a rod, or pole.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In land or square measure: A square rod; the 160th part of an acre.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>In solid measure: A mass 16<frac12/ feet long, 1 foot in height, and 1<frac12/ feet in breadth, or 24<frac34/ cubic feet (in local use, from 22 to 25 cubic feet); -- used in measuring stonework.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pole connecting the fore gear and hind gear of a spring carriage; a reach.</def>

<h1>Perch</h1>
<Xpage=1064>

<hw>Perch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Perched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Perching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>percher</ets>. See <er>Perch</er> a pole.]</ety> <def>To alight or settle, as a bird; to sit or roost.</def>

<blockquote>Wrens make prey where eagles dare not <b>perch</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Perch</h1>
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<hw>Perch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place or to set on, or as on, a perch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To occupy as a perch.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Perchance</h1>
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<hw>Per*chance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>par</ets> by (L. <ets>per</ets>) + <ets>chance</ets>. See <er>Par</er>, and <er>Chance</er>.]</ety> <def>By chance; perhaps; peradventure.</def>

<h1>Perchant</h1>
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<hw>Perch"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A bird tied by the foot, to serve as decoy to other birds by its fluttering.</def>

<h1>Percher</h1>
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<hw>Perch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Perch</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, perches.</def>

<i>J. Burroughs.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the Insessores.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[From <er>Perch</er> a pole.]</ety> <def>A Paris candle anciently used in England; also, a large wax candle formerly set upon the altar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Percheron</h1>
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<hw>Per"che*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>One of a breed of draught horses originating in <i>Perche</i>, an old district of France; -- called also <altname>Percheron-Norman</altname>.</def>

<h1>Perchlorate</h1>
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<hw>Per*chlo"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of perchloric acid.</def>

<h1>Perchloric</h1>
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<hw>Per*chlo"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>per-</ets> + <ets>chloric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, the highest oxygen acid (<chform>HClO4</chform>), of chlorine; -- called also <altname>hyperchloric</altname>.</def>

<h1>Perchloride</h1>
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<hw>Per*chlo"ride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A chloride having a higher proportion of chlorine than any other chloride of the same substance or series.</def>

<h1>Perchromic</h1>
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<hw>Per*chro"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>per-</ets> + <ets>chromic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a certain one of the highly oxidized compounds of chromium, which has a deep blue color, and is produced by the action of hydrogen peroxide.</def>

<h1>Perciform</h1>
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<hw>Per"ci*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL., & L. <ets>perca</ets> a perch + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Perciformes.</def>

<h1>Perciformes</h1>
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<hw>Per`ci*for"mes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive tribe or suborder of fishes, including the true perches (<spn>Percid\'91</spn>); the pondfishes (<spn>Centrarchid\'91</spn>); the sci\'91noids (<spn>Sci\'91nid\'91</spn>); the sparoids (<spn>Sparid\'91</spn>); the serranoids (<spn>Serranid\'91</spn>), and some other related families.</def>

<h1>Percipience, Percipiency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Per*cip"i*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Per*cip"i*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The faculty, act or power of perceiving; perception.</def>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Percipient</h1>
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<hw>Per*cip"i*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>percipiens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>percipere</ets>. See <er>Perceive</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the faculty of perception; perceiving; <as>as, a <ex>percipient</ex> being</as>.</def> <i>Bentley</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, is percipient.</def></def2>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Perclose</h1>
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<hw>Per*close"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>parclose</ets> an inclosed place; L. <ets>per</ets> through + <ets>claudere</ets>, <ets>clausum</ets>, to shut.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Parclose</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conclusion; end.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<h1>Percoid</h1>
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<hw>Per"coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perca</ets> a perch + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>perco\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, the perches, or family <spn>Percid\'91</spn>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Any fish of the genus <spn>Perca</spn>, or allied genera of the family <spn>Percid\'91</spn>.</def></def2>

<h1>Percoidea</h1>
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<hw>Per*coi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Perciformes</er>.</def>

<h1>Percolate</h1>
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<hw>Per"co*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Percolated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Percolating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>percolatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>percolare</ets> to percolate; <ets>per</ets> through + <ets>colare</ets> to strain.]</ety> <def>To cause to pass through fine interstices, as a liquor; to filter; to strain.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Percolate</h1>
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<hw>Per"co*late</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To pass through fine interstices; to filter; <as>as, water <ex>percolates</ex> through porous stone</as>.</def>

<h1>Percolation</h1>
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<hw>Per`co*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>percolatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of percolating, or filtering; filtration; straining. Specifically <fld>(Pharm.)</fld>, the process of exhausting the virtues of a powdered drug by letting a liquid filter slowly through it.</def>

<h1>Percolator</h1>
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<hw>Per"co*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, filters.</def> "[Tissues] act as <i>percolators</i>."

<i>Henfrey.</i>

<-- a device for brewing coffee by percoation -->

<h1>Percomorphi</h1>
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<hw>Per`co*mor"phi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>perca</ets> perch + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of fishes including the perches and related kinds.</def>

<h1>Perculaced</h1>
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<hw>Per"cu*laced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Prob. corrupt. fr. <ets>portcullised</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Latticed. See <er>Lattice</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Percurrent</h1>
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<hw>Per*cur"rent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>percurrens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>percurrere</ets> to run through; <ets>per</ets> through + <ets>currere</ets> to run.]</ety> <def>Running through the entire length.</def>

<h1>Percursory</h1>
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<hw>Per*cur"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>percursor</ets> one who runs through, fr. <ets>percurrere</ets>. See <er>Percurrent</er>.]</ety> <def>Running over slightly or in haste; cursory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Percuss</h1>
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<hw>Per*cuss"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Percussed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Percussing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>percussus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>percutere</ets>; <ets>per + quatere</ets> to shake, strike. See <er>Quash</er>.]</ety> <def>To strike smartly; to strike upon or against; <as>as, to <ex>percuss</ex> the chest in medical examination</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Flame <b>percussed</b> by air giveth a noise.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Percuss</h1>
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<hw>Per*cuss"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To strike or tap in an examination by percussion. See <er>Percussion</er>, 3.</def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<h1>Percussion</h1>
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<hw>Per*cus"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>percussio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>percussion</ets>. See <er>Percuss</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of percussing, or striking one body against another; forcible collision, esp. such as gives a sound or report.</def>

<i>Sir I. Newton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: The effect of violent collision; vibratory shock; impression of sound on the ear.</def>

<blockquote>The thunderlike <b>percussion</b> of thy sounds.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act of tapping or striking the surface of the body in order to learn the condition of the parts beneath by the sound emitted or the sensation imparted to the fingers. Percussion is said to be <i>immediate</i> if the blow is directly upon the body; if some interventing substance, as a pleximeter, is, used, it is called <i>mediate</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Center of percussion</col>. <cd>See under <er>Center</er>.</cd> -- <col>Percussion bullet</col>, <cd>a bullet containing a substance which is exploded by percussion; an explosive bullet.</cd> -- <col>Percussion cap</col>, <cd>a small copper cap or cup, containing fulminating powder, and used with a percussion lock to explode gunpowder.</cd> -- <col>Percussion fuze</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fuze</er>.</cd> -- <col>Percussion lock</col>, <cd>the lock of a gun that is fired by percussion upon fulminating powder.</cd> -- <col>Percussion match</col>, <cd>a match which ignites by percussion.</cd> -- <col>Percussion powder</col>, <cd>powder so composed as to ignite by slight percussion; fulminating powder.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Percussion sieve</col>, <col>Percussion table</col></mcol>, <cd>a machine for sorting ores by agitation in running water.</cd></cs>

<h1>Percussive</h1>
<Xpage=1064>

<hw>Per*cuss"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Striking against; percutient; <as>as, <ex>percussive</ex> force</as>.</def>

<h1>Percutient</h1>
<Xpage=1064>

<hw>Per*cu"tient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>percutiens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>percutere</ets>. See <er>Percuss</er>.]</ety> <def>Striking; having the power of striking.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>That which strikes, or has power to strike.</def></def2>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Perdicine</h1>
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<hw>Per"di*cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Perdix</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the family <spn>Perdicid\'91</spn>, or partridges.</def>

<h1>Perdie</h1>
<Xpage=1064>

<hw>Per*die"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>See <er>Parde</er>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Perdifoil</h1>
<Xpage=1064>

<hw>Per"di*foil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perdere</ets> to lose + <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A deciduous plant; -- opposed to <ant>evergreen</ant>.</def>

<i>J. Barton.</i>

<h1>Perdition</h1>
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<hw>Per*di"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>perditio</ets>, fr. <ets>perdere</ets>, <ets>perditum</ets>, to ruin, to lose; <ets>per</ets> (cf. Skr. <ets>par\'be</ets> away) + <ets>-dere</ets> (only in comp.) to put; akin to Gr. <?/, E. <ets>do</ets>. See <er>Do</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Entire loss; utter destruction; ruin; esp., the utter loss of the soul, or of final happiness in a future state; future misery or eternal death.</def>

<blockquote>The mere <b>perdition</b> of the Turkish fleet.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If we reject the truth, we seal our own <b>perdition</b>.
<i>J. M. Mason.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Loss of diminution.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Perditionable</h1>
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<hw>Per*di"tion*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being ruined; worthy of perdition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Pollok.</i>

<h1>Perdix</h1>
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<hw>Per"dix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a partridge, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of birds including the common European partridge. Formerly the word was used in a much wider sense to include many allied genera.</def>

<h1>Perdu</h1>
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<hw>Per*du"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Perdu</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One placed on watch, or in ambush.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A soldier sent on a forlorn hope.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Perdu, Perdue</h1>
<Xpage=1064>

<hw><hw>Per*du"</hw>, <hw>Per*due"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>perdu</ets>, f. <ets>perdue</ets>, lost, p.p. of <ets>perdre</ets> to lose, L. <ets>perdere</ets>. See <er>Perdition</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lost to view; in concealment or ambush; close.</def>

<blockquote>He should lie <b>perdue</b> who is to walk the round.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Accustomed to, or employed in, desperate enterprises; hence, reckless; hopeless.</def> "A <i>perdue</i> captain."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Perduellion</h1>
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<hw>Per`du*el"lion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perduellio</ets>; <ets>per + duellum</ets>, <ets>bellum</ets>, war.]</ety> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>Treason.</def>

<h1>Perdulous</h1>
<Xpage=1064>

<hw>Per"du*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Perdu</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Lost; thrown away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Abp. Bramhall.</i>

<h1>Perdurability</h1>
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<hw>Per*dur`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Durability; lastingness.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Perdurable</h1>
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<hw>Per*dur"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>perdurable</ets>, OE. <ets>pardurable</ets>. See <er>Perdure</er>.]</ety> <def>Very durable; lasting; continuing long.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Shak.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Per*dur"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Archaic]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Perdurance, Perduration</h1>
<Xpage=1064>

<hw><hw>Per*dur"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Per`du*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Long continuance.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Perdure</h1>
<Xpage=1064>

<hw>Per*dure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perdurare</ets>; <ets>per</ets> trough + <ets>durare</ets> to last.]</ety> <def>To last or endure for a long time; to be perdurable or lasting.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The mind <b>perdures</b> while its energizing may construct a thousand lines.
<i>Hickok.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Perdy</h1>
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<hw>Per*dy"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Truly. See <er>Parde</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Ah, dame! <b>perdy</b> ye have not done me right.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pere</h1>
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<hw>Pere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A peer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Peregal</h1>
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<hw>Per*e"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>par</ets> very (L. <ets>per</ets>) + <ets>egal</ets> equal, L. <ets>aequalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fully equal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>. "<i>Peregal</i> to the best."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Peregrinate</h1>
<Xpage=1064>

<hw>Per"e*gri*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peregrinatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>peregrinari</ets> to travel. See <er>Pilgrim</er>.]</ety> <def>To travel from place to place, or from one country to another; hence, to sojourn in foreign countries.</def>

<h1>Peregrinate</h1>
<Xpage=1064>

<hw>Per"e*gri*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peregrinatus</ets>, p.p.]</ety> <def>Having traveled; foreign.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Peregrination</h1>
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<hw>Per`e*gri*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peregrinatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>p\'82r\'82grination</ets>.]</ety> <def>A traveling from one country to another; a wandering; sojourn in foreign countries.</def> "His <i>peregrination</i> abroad."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Peregrinator</h1>
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<hw>Per"e*gri*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who peregrinates; one who travels about.</def>

<h1>Peregrine</h1>
<Xpage=1064>

<hw>Per"e*grine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peregrinus</ets>. See <er>Pilgrim</er>.]</ety> <def>Foreign; not native; extrinsic or from without; exotic.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>pelegrine</asp>.]</altsp> "<i>Peregrine</i> and preternatural heat."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<cs><col>Peregrine falcon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a courageous and swift falcon (<spn>Falco peregrinus</spn>), remarkable for its wide distribution over all the continents. The adult plumage is dark bluish ash on the back, nearly black on the head and cheeks, white beneath, barred with black below the throat. Called also <altname>peregrine hawk</altname>, <altname>duck hawk</altname>, <altname>game hawk</altname>, and <altname>great-footed hawk</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Peregrine</h1>
<Xpage=1064>

<hw>Per"e*grine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The peregrine falcon.</def>

<h1>Peregrinity</h1>
<Xpage=1064>

<hw>Per`e*grin"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peregrinitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>p\'82r\'82grinit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Foreignness; strangeness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Somewhat of a <i>peregrinity</i> in their dialect."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Travel; wandering.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<hr>
<page="1065">
Page 1065<p>

<h1>Perel</h1>
<Xpage=1065>

<hw>Per"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Apparel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Perempt</h1>
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<hw>Per*empt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peremptus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>perimere</ets> to take away entirely, to destroy; <ets>per</ets> (see <er>Per-</er>) + OL. <ets>emere</ets> to take. See <er>Redeem</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To destroy; to defeat.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Peremption</h1>
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<hw>Per*emp"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peremptio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>p\'82remption</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A quashing; a defeating.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Peremptorily</h1>
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<hw>Per"emp*to*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a peremptory manner; absolutely; positively.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Peremptoriness</h1>
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<hw>Per"emp*to*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being peremptory; positiveness.</def>

<h1>Peremptory</h1>
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<hw>Per"emp*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peremptorius</ets> destructive, deadly, decisive, final: cf. F. <ets>p\'82remptorie</ets>. See <er>Perempt</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Precluding debate or expostulation; not admitting of question or appeal; positive; absolute; decisive; conclusive; final.</def>

<blockquote>Think of heaven with hearty purposes and <b>peremptory</b> designs to get thither.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Positive in opinion or judgment; decided; dictatorial; dogmatical.</def>

<blockquote>Be not too positive and <b>peremptory</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Briefly, then, for we are <b>peremptory</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Firmly determined; unawed.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Peremptory challenge</col> <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Challenge</er>.</cd> -- <col>Peremptory mandamus</col>, <cd>a final and absolute mandamus.</cd> -- <col>Peremptory plea</col>, <cd>a plea by a defendant tending to impeach the plaintiff's right of action; a plea in bar.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Decisive; positive; absolute; authoritative; express; arbitrary; dogmatical.</syn>

<h1>Perennial</h1>
<Xpage=1065>

<hw>Per*en"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perennis</ets> that lasts the whole year through; <ets>per</ets> through + <ets>annus</ets> year. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Annual</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>ing or continuing through the year; <as>as, <ex>perennial</ex> fountains</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Continuing without cessation or intermission; perpetual; unceasing; never failing.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>perennial</b> existence of bodies corporate.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Continuing more than two years; <as>as, a <ex>perennial</ex> steam, or root, or plant</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Perpetual; unceasing; never failing; enduring; continual; permanent; uninterrupted.</syn>

<h1>Perennial</h1>
<Xpage=1065>

<hw>Per*en"ni*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial plant; a plant which lives or continues more than two years, whether it retains its leaves in winter or not.</def>

<h1>Perennially</h1>
<Xpage=1065>

<hw>Per*en"ni*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a perennial manner.</def>

<h1>Perennibranchiata</h1>
<Xpage=1065>

<hw>Per*en`ni*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Perennial</er>, and <er>Branchia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Those Batrachia which retain their gills through life, as the menobranchus.</def>

<h1>Perennibranchiate</h1>
<Xpage=1065>

<hw>Per*en`ni*bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Perennial</er>, and <er>Branchiate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having branch\'91, or gills, through life; -- said especially of certain Amphibia, like the menobranchus. Opposed to <i>caducibranchiate</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Perennibranchiata.</def>

<h1>Perennity</h1>
<Xpage=1065>

<hw>Per*en"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perennitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being perennial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Pererration</h1>
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<hw>Per`er*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pererrare</ets>, <ets>pererratum</ets>, to wander through.]</ety> <def>A wandering, or rambling, through various places.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Perfect</h1>
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<hw>Per"fect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>parfit</ets>, OF. <ets>parfit</ets>, <ets>parfet</ets>, <ets>parfait</ets>, F. <ets>parfait</ets>, L. <ets>perfectus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>perficere</ets> to carry to the end, to perform, finish, perfect; <ets>per</ets> (see <er>Per-</er>) + <ets>facere</ets> to make, do. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Brought to consummation or completeness; completed; not defective nor redundant; having all the properties or qualities requisite to its nature and kind; without flaw, fault, or blemish; without error; mature; whole; pure; sound; right; correct.</def>

<blockquote>My strength is made <b>perfect</b> in weakness.
<i>2 Cor. xii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Three glorious suns, each one a <b>perfect</b> sun.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I fear I am not in my <b>perfect</b> mind.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O most entire <b>perfect</b> sacrifice!
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>God made thee <b>perfect</b>, not immutable.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Well informed; certain; sure.</def>

<blockquote>I am <b>perfect</b> that the Pannonains are now in arms.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Hermaphrodite; having both stamens and pistils; -- said of flower.</def>

<cs><col>Perfect cadence</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a complete and satisfactory close in harmony, as upon the tonic preceded by the dominant.</cd> -- <col>Perfect chord</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a concord or union of sounds which is perfectly coalescent and agreeable to the ear, as the unison, octave, fifth, and fourth; a perfect consonance; a common chord in its original position of keynote, third, fifth, and octave.</cd> -- <col>Perfect number</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>a number equal to the sum of all its divisors; as, 28, whose aliquot parts, or divisors, are 14, 7, 4, 2, 1. See <cref>Abundant number</cref>, under <er>Abundant</er>. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Perfect tense</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>a tense which expresses an act or state completed.</cd><-- = perfective --></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Finished; consummate; complete; entire; faultless; blameless; unblemished.</syn>

<h1>Perfect</h1>
<Xpage=1065>

<hw>Per"fect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The perfect tense, or a form in that tense.</def>

<h1>Perfect</h1>
<Xpage=1065>

<hw>Per"fect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Perfected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Perfecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>perfectus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>perficere</ets>. See <er>Perfect</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To make perfect; to finish or complete, so as to leave nothing wanting; to give to anything all that is requisite to its nature and kind.</def>

<blockquote>God dwelleth in us, and his love is <b>perfect</b> in us.
<i>1 John iv. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Inquire into the nature and properties of the things, . . . and thereby <b>perfect</b> our ideas of their distinct species.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Perfecting press</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a press in which the printing on both sides of the paper is completed in one passage through the machine.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To finish; accomplish; complete; consummate.</syn>

<h1>Perfecter</h1>
<Xpage=1065>

<hw>Per"fect*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, makes perfect.</def> "The . . . <i>perfecter</i> of our faith."

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Perfectibilian</h1>
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<hw>Per*fect`i*bil"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A perfectionist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ed. Rev.</i>

<h1>Perfectibilist</h1>
<Xpage=1065>

<hw>Per`fec*tib"i*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A perfectionist. See also <er>Illuminati</er>, 2.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Perfectibility</h1>
<Xpage=1065>

<hw>Per*fect`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>perfectibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being perfectible.</def>

<h1>Perfectible</h1>
<Xpage=1065>

<hw>Per*fect"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>perfectible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of becoming, or being made, perfect.</def>

<h1>Perfection</h1>
<Xpage=1065>

<hw>Per*fec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>perfection</ets>, L. <ets>perfectio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being perfect or complete, so that nothing requisite is wanting; entire development; consummate culture, skill, or moral excellence; the highest attainable state or degree of excellence; maturity; <as>as, <ex>perfection</ex> in an art, in a science, or in a system; <ex>perfection</ex> in form or degree; fruits in <ex>perfection</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A quality, endowment, or acquirement completely excellent; an ideal faultlessness; especially, the divine attribute of complete excellence.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>What tongue can her <b>perfections</b> tell?
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To perfection</col>, <cd>in the highest degree of excellence; perfectly; as, to imitate a model <i>to perfection<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Perfection</h1>
<Xpage=1065>

<hw>Per*fec"tion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To perfect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foote.</i>

<h1>Perfectional</h1>
<Xpage=1065>

<hw>Per*fec"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to perfection; characterized by perfection.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Perfectionate</h1>
<Xpage=1065>

<hw>Per*fec"tion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To perfect.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Perfectionism</h1>
<Xpage=1065>

<hw>Per*fec"tion*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine of the Perfectionists.</def>

<h1>Perfectionist</h1>
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<hw>Per*fec"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One pretending to perfection; esp., one pretending to moral perfection; one who believes that persons may and do attain to moral perfection and sinlessness in this life.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Perfectionment</h1>
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<hw>Per*fec"tion*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>perfectionnement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of bringing to perfection, or the state of having attained to perfection.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Perfective</h1>
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<hw>Per*fect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending or conducing to make perfect, or to bring to perfection; -- usually followed by <i>of</i>.</def> "A <i>perfective</i> alteration."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<blockquote>Actions <b>perfective</b> of their natures.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Perfectively</h1>
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<hw>Per*fec"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a perfective manner.</def>

<h1>Perfectly</h1>
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<hw>Per"fect*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a perfect manner or degree; in or to perfection; completely; wholly; throughly; faultlessly.</def> "<i>Perfectly</i> divine."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>As many as touched were made <b>perfectly</b> whole.
<i>Matt. xiv. 36.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Perfectness</h1>
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<hw>Per"fect*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being perfect; perfection.</def> "Charity, which is the bond of <i>perfectness</i>."

<i>Col. iii. 14.</i>

<h1>Perfervid</h1>
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<hw>Per*fer"vid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>per-</ets> + <ets>fervid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Very fervid; too fervid; glowing; ardent.</def>

<h1>Perficient</h1>
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<hw>Per*fi"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perficiens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>perficere</ets> to perform. See <er>Perfect</er>.]</ety> <def>Making or doing throughly; efficient; effectual.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Perficient</h1>
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<hw>Per*fi"cient</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who performs or perfects a work; especially, one who endows a charity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Perfidious</h1>
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<hw>Per*fid"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perfidious</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Guilty of perfidy; violating good faith or vows; false to trust or confidence reposed; teacherous; faithless; <as>as, a <ex>perfidious</ex> friend</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Involving, or characterized by, perfidy.</def> "Involved in this <i>perfidious</i> fraud."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Perfidiously</h1>
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<hw>Per*fid"i*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a perfidious manner.</def>

<h1>Perfidiousness</h1>
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<hw>Per*fid"i*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being perfidious; perfidy.</def>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<h1>Perfidy</h1>
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<hw>Per"fi*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Perfidies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>perfidia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>perfidus</ets> faithless; <ets>per</ets> (cf. Skr. <ets>par\'be</ets> away) + <ets>fides</ets> faith: cf. F. <ets>perfidie</ets>. See <er>Faith</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of violating faith or allegiance; violation of a promise or vow, or of trust reposed; faithlessness; teachery.</def>

<blockquote>The ambition and <b>perfidy</b> of tyrants.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His <b>perfidy</b> to this sacred engagement.
<i>DeQuincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Perfit</h1>
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<hw>Per"fit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Perfect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Perfix</h1>
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<hw>Per*fix"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>per-</ets> + <ets>fix</ets>.]</ety> <def>To fix surely; to appoint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Perflable</h1>
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<hw>Per"fla*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perflabilis</ets>. See <er>Perflate</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being blown through.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Perflate</h1>
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<hw>Per*flate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perflatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>perflare</ets> to blow through.]</ety> <def>To blow through.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Perflation</h1>
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<hw>Per*fla"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perflatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of perflating.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Perfoliate</h1>
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<hw>Per*fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>per-</ets> + L. <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the basal part produced around the stem; -- said of leaves which the stem apparently passes directory through.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Surrounded by a circle of hairs, or projections of any kind.</def>

<h1>Perforata</h1>
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<hw>Per`fo*ra"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Perforate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A division of corals including those that have a porous texture, as Porites and Madrepora; -- opposed to <i>Aporosa</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A division of Foraminifera, including those having perforated shells.</def>

<h1>Perforate</h1>
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<hw>Per"fo*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Perforated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Perforating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>perforatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>perforare</ets> to perforate; <ets>per</ets> through + <ets>forare</ets> to bore. See <er>Bore</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>To bore through; to pierce through with a pointed instrument; to make a hole or holes through by boring or piercing; to pierce or penetrate the surface of.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Perforate, Perforated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Per"fo*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Per"fo*ra`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pierced with a hole or holes, or with pores; having transparent dots resembling holes.</def>

<h1>Perforation</h1>
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<hw>Per`fo*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>perforation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of perforating, or of boring or piercing through.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hole made by boring or piercing; an aperture.</def> "Slender <i>perforations</i>."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Perforative</h1>
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<hw>Per"fo*ra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>perforatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having power to perforate or pierce.</def>

<h1>Perforator</h1>
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<hw>Per"fo*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>perforateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, perforates; esp., a cephalotome.</def>

<h1>Perforce</h1>
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<hw>Per*force"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>par</ets> (L. <ets>per</ets>) + <ets>force</ets>.]</ety> <def>By force; of necessary; at any rate.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Perforce</h1>
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<hw>Per*force"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To force; to compel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Perform</h1>
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<hw>Per*form"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Performed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Performing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>performen</ets>, <ets>parfourmen</ets>, <ets>parfournen</ets>, OF. <ets>parfornir</ets>, <ets>parfournir</ets>, to finish, complete; OF. & F. <ets>par</ets> (see <er>Par</er>) + <ets>fournir</ets> to finish, complete. The word has been influenced by <ets>form</ets>; cf. L. <ets>performare</ets> to form thoroughly. See <er>Furnish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To carry through; to bring to completion; to achieve; to accomplish; to execute; to do.</def>

<blockquote>I will cry unto God most high, unto God that <b>performeth</b> all things for me.
<i>Ps. lvii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Great force to <b>perform</b> what they did attempt.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To discharge; to fulfill; to act up to; <as>as, to <ex>perform</ex> a duty; to <ex>perform</ex> a promise or a vow.</as></def>

<blockquote>To <b>perform</b> your father's will.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To represent; to act; to play; as in drama.</def>

<blockquote><b>Perform</b> a part thou hast not done before.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To accomplish; do; act; transact; achieve; execute; discharge; fulfill; effect; complete; consummate. See <er>Accomplish</er>.</syn>

<h1>Perform</h1>
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<hw>Per*form"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To do, execute, or accomplish something; to acquit one's self in any business; esp., to represent sometimes by action; to act a part; to play on a musical instrument; <as>as, the players <ex>perform</ex> poorly; the musician <ex>performs</ex> on the organ.</as></def>

<h1>Performable</h1>
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<hw>Per*form"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admitting of being performed, done, or executed; practicable.</def>

<h1>Performance</h1>
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<hw>Per*form"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of performing; the carrying into execution or action; execution; achievement; accomplishment; representation by action; <as>as, the <ex>performance</ex> of an undertaking of a duty</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Promises are not binding where the <b>performance</b> is impossible.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is performed or accomplished; a thing done or carried through; an achievement; a deed; an act; a feat; esp., an action of an elaborate or public character.</def> "Her walking and other actual <i>performances</i>." <i>Shak.</i> "His musical <i>performances</i>." <i>Macaulay</i>.

<syn>Syn. -- Completion; consummation; execution; accomplishment; achievement; production; work; act; action; deed; exploit; feat.</syn>

<h1>Performer</h1>
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<hw>Per*form"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who performs, accomplishes, or fulfills; <as>as, a good promiser, but a bad <ex>performer</ex></as>; especially, one who shows skill and training in any art; <as>as, a <ex>performer</ex> of the drama; a <ex>performer</ex> on the harp.</as></def>

<h1>Perfricate</h1>
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<hw>Per"fri*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perfricatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>perfricare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To rub over.</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Perfumatory</h1>
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<hw>Per*fu"ma*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Emitting perfume; perfuming.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir E. Leigh.</i>

<h1>Perfume</h1>
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<hw>Per*fume"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Perfumed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Perfuming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>parfumer</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>perfumar</ets>); <ets>par</ets> (see <er>Par</er>) + <ets>fumer</ets> to smoke, L. <ets>fumare</ets>, fr. <ets>fumus</ets> smoke. See <er>Fume</er>.]</ety> <def>To fill or impregnate with a perfume; to scent.</def>

<blockquote>And Carmel's flowery top <b>perfumes</b> the skies.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Perfume</h1>
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<hw>Per"fume</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>parfum</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>perfume</ets>. See <er>Perfume</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor; fragrance; aroma.</def>

<blockquote>No rich <b>perfumes</b> refresh the fruitful <b>field</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A substance that emits an agreeable odor.</def>

<blockquote>And thou shalt make it a <b>perfume</b>.
<i>Ex. xxx. 35.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Perfumer</h1>
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<hw>Per*fum"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, oe that which, perfumes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One whose trade is to make or sell perfumes.</def>

<h1>Perfumery</h1>
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<hw>Per*fum"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Perfumes, in general.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>parfumerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of preparing perfumes.</def>

<h1>Perfunctorily</h1>
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<hw>Per*func"to*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a perfunctory manner; formally; carelessly.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Perfunctoriness</h1>
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<hw>Per*func"to*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being perfunctory.</def>

<h1>Perfunctory</h1>
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<hw>Per*func"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perfunctorius</ets>, fr. <ets>perfunctus</ets> dispatched, p.p. of <ets>perfungi</ets> to discharge, dispatch; <ets>per</ets> (see <er>Per</er>) + <ets>fungi</ets> to perform. See <er>Function</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Done merely to get rid of a duty; performed mechanically and as a thing of rote; done in a careless and superficial manner; characterized by indifference; <as>as, <ex>perfunctory</ex> admonitions</as>.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Mechanical; indifferent; listless; careless.</def> "<i>Perfunctory</i> in his devotions."

<i>Sharp.</i>

<h1>Perfuncturate</h1>
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<hw>Per*func"tu*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To perform in a perfunctory manner; to do negligently.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Perfuse</h1>
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<hw>Per*fuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Perfused</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Perfusing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>perfusus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>perfundere</ets> to pour over; <ets>per + fundere</ets> to pour.]</ety> <def>To suffuse; to fill full or to excess.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Perfusion</h1>
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<hw>Per*fu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perfusio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of perfusing.</def>

<h1>Perfusive</h1>
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<hw>Per*fu"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a nature to flow over, or to spread through.</def>

<h1>Pergamenous, Pergamentaceous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Per`ga*me"no*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Per`ga*men*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pergamena</ets> parchment. See <er>Parchment</er>.]</ety> <def>Like parchment.</def>

<h1>Perhaps</h1>
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<hw>Per*haps"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Per</ets> + <ets>hap</ets> chance.]</ety> <def>By chance; peradventure; perchance; it may be.</def>

<blockquote>And pray God, if <b>perhaps</b> the thought of thine heart may be forgiven thee.
<i>Acts viii. 22.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Peri-</h1>
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<hw>Per"i-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, prep.]</ety> <def>A prefix used to signify <i>around</i>, <i>by</i>, <i>near</i>, <i>over</i>, <i>beyond</i>, or to give an <i>intensive</i> sense; <as>as, <ex>peri</ex>meter, the measure around; <ex>peri</ex>gee, point near the earth; <ex>peri</ex>ergy, work beyond what is needed; <ex>peri</ex>spherical, quite spherical.</as></def>

<h1>Peri</h1>
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<hw>Pe"ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Peris</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Per. <ets>per\'c6</ets> a female genus, a fairy.]</ety> <fld>(Persian Myth.)</fld> <def>An imaginary being, male or female, like an elf or fairy, represented as a descendant of fallen angels, excluded from paradise till penance is accomplished.</def>

<i>Moore.</i>

<hr>
<page="1066">
Page 1066<p>

<h1>Periagua</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*a"gua</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pirogue</er>.</def>

<h1>Perianth</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*anth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>peri-</ets> + Gr. <?/ flower: cf. F. <ets>p\'82rianthe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The leaves of a flower generally, especially when the calyx and corolla are not readily distinguished.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A saclike involucre which incloses the young fruit in most hepatic mosses. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Hepatica</er>.</def>

<h1>Perianthium</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*an"thi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The perianth.</def>

<h1>Periapt</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*apt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ hung about, <?/ to hang about; <?/ about + <?/ to tie: cf. F. <ets>p\'82riapte</ets>.]</ety> <def>A charm worn as a protection against disease or mischief; an amulet.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<blockquote>Now help, ye charming spells and <b>periapts</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Periastral</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*as"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Among or around the stars.</def> "Comets in <i>periastral</i> passage."

<i>R. A. Proctor.</i>

<h1>Periastron</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*as"tron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ about + <?/ a star.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>That point, in the real or apparent orbit of one star revolving around another, at which the former is nearest to the latter.</def>

<h1>Periauger</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*au"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pirogue</er>.</def>

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<h1>Periblast</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to grow around. See <er>Peri-</er>, and <er>-blast</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The protoplasmic matter which surrounds the entoblast, or cell nucleus, and undergoes segmentation.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Per`i*blas"tic</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Periblem</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*blem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>peri-</ets> + root of Gr. <?/ to sprout.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Nascent cortex, or immature cellular bark.</def>

<h1>Peribolos</h1>
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<hw>Pe*rib"o*los</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Nl., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, adj., going round, fr. <?/ to throw round; cf. L. <ets>peribolus</ets>.]</ety> <def>In ancient architecture, an inclosed court, esp., one surrounding a temple.</def>

<h1>Peribranchial</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*bran"chi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Surrounding the branchi\'91; <as>as, a <ex>peribranchial</ex> cavity</as>.</def>

<h1>Peribranchial</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*bran"chi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Around the bronchi or bronchial tubes; <as>as, the <ex>peribronchial</ex> lymphatics</as>.</def>

<h1>Pericambium</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*cam"bi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Peri-</er>, and <er>Cambium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A layer of thin-walled young cells in a growing stem, in which layer certain new vessels originate.</def>

<h1>Pericardiac, Pericardial</h1>
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<hw><hw>Per`i*car"di*ac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Per`i*car"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to pericardium; situated around the heart.</def>

<cs><col>Pericardial fluid</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>a serous fluid of a pale yellow color contained in the pericardium.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pericardian</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*car"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pericardiac.</def>

<h1>Pericardic</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*car"dic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pericardiac.</def>

<h1>Pericarditus</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*car*di"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pericardium</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the pericardium.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Pericardium</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*car"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ about or near the heart; <?/ about + <?/ heart.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The double baglike fold of serous membrane which incloses the heart.</def>

<note>&hand; The inner layer is closely adherent to the outer surface of the heart, and is called the <i>cardiac pericardium</i>. The outer layer loosely incloses the heart and the adherent inner layer, and is called the <i>parietal pericardium</i>. At the base of the heart the two layers are continuous, and form a narrow closed cavity filled with fluid, in which the pulsations of the heart cause little friction.</note>

<h1>Pericarp</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*carp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ around + <?/ fruit: cf. F. <ets>p\'82ricarpe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The ripened ovary; the walls of the fruit. See <i>Illusts</i>. of <er>Capsule</er>, <er>Drupe</er>, and <er>Legume</er>.</def>

<h1>Pericarpial, Pericarpic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Per`i*car"pi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Per`i*car"pic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a pericarp.</def>

<h1>Pericellular</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*cel"lu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Surrounding a cell; <as>as, the <ex>pericellular</ex> lymph spaces surrounding ganglion cells</as>.</def>

<h1>Perich\'91th</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*ch\'91th</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Perich\'91tium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The leafy involucre surrounding the fruit stalk of mosses; perich\'91tium; perichete.</def>

<h1>Perich\'91tial</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*ch\'91"ti*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the perich\'91th.</def>

<h1>Perich\'91tium</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*ch\'91"ti*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Perich\'91tia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ about + <?/ flowing hair, foliage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Perich\'91th</er>.</def>

<h1>Perich\'91tous</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*ch\'91"tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Perich\'91tium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Surrounded by set\'91; -- said of certain earthworms (genus <spn>Perich\'91tus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Perichete</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*chete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Perich\'91th</er>.</def>

<h1>Perichondrial</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*chon"dri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the perichondrium; situated around cartilage.</def>

<h1>Perichondritis</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*chon*dri"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Perichondrium</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the perichondrium.</def>

<h1>Perichondrium</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*chon"dri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ around + <?/ cartilage.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The membrane of fibrous connective tissue which closely invests cartilage, except where covering articular surfaces.</def>

<h1>Perichordal</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*chor"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Around the notochord; <as>as, a <ex>perichordal</ex> column</as>. See <er>Epichordal</er>.</def>

<h1>Periclase, Periclasite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Per"i*clase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Per`i*cla"site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>peri-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to break.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A grayish or dark green mineral, consisting essentially of magnesia (magnesium oxide), occurring in granular forms or in isometric crystals.</def>

<h1>Periclinium</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*clin"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Periclinia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ around + <?/ a bed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The involucre which surrounds the common receptacle in composite flowers.</def>

<h1>Periclitate</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ric"li*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>periclitatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>periclitari</ets>, fr. <ets>periculum</ets>.]</ety> <def>To endanger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Periclitating</b>, pardi! the whole family.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Periclitation</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ric`li*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>periclitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>p\'82riclitation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Trial; experiment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being in peril.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pericope</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ric"o*pe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., section of a book, Gr. <?/; <?/ around + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <def>A selection or extract from a book; especially <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, a selection from the Bible, appointed to be read in the churches or used as a text for a sermon.</def>

<h1>Pericranial</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*cra"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the pericranium.</def>

<h1>Pericranium</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*cra"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The periosteum which covers the cranium externally; the region around the cranium.</def>

<h1>Periculous</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ric"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>periculosus</ets>. See <er>Perilous</er>.]</ety> <def>Dangerous; full of peril.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Periculum</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ric"u*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pericula</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. & O.Eng. Law)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Danger; risk.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a narrower, judicial sense: Accident or <i>casus</i>, as distinguished from <i>dolus</i> and <i>culpa</i>, and hence relieving one from the duty of performing an obligation.</def>

<h1>Periderm</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*derm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The outer layer of bark.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hard outer covering of hydroids and other marine animals; the perisarc.</def>

<h1>Peridiastole</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*di*as"to*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The almost inappreciable time which elapses between the systole and the diastole of the heart.</def>

<h1>Peridium</h1>
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<hw>Pe*rid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Peridia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ about + <?/, a dim. ending.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The envelope or coat of certain fungi, such as the puffballs and earthstars.</def>

<h1>Peridot</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*dot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'82ridot</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Chrysolite.</def>

<h1>Peridotite</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*do*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82ridotite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An eruptive rock characterized by the presence of chrysolite (peridot). It also usually contains pyroxene, enstatite, chromite, etc. It is often altered to serpentine.</def>

<note>&hand; The chief diamond deposits in South Africa occur in a more or less altered peridotite.</note>

<h1>Peridrome</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*drome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ running around, fr. <?/ to run round; <?/ round + <?/ to run: cf. F. <ets>p\'82ridrome</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch\'91ol.)</fld> <def>The space between the columns and the wall of the cella, in a Greek or a Roman temple.</def>

<h1>Periecians</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*e"cians</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Peri\'d2cians</er>.</def>

<h1>Perienteron</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*en"te*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Peri-</er>, and <er>Enteron</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The primitive perivisceral cavity.</def>

<h1>Periergy</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*er`gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ overcareful; <?/ about, beyond + <?/ work.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Excessive care or diligence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A bombastic or labored style.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Periganglionic</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*gan`gli*on"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Surrounding a ganglion; <as>as, the <ex>periganglionic</ex> glands of the frog</as>.</def>

<h1>Perigastric</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*gas"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Surrounding the stomach; -- applied to the body cavity of Bryozoa and various other Invertebrata.</def>

<h1>Perigean</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*ge"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the perigee.</def>

<cs><col>Perigean tides</col>, <cd>those spring tides which occur soon after the moon passes her perigee.</cd></cs>

<h1>Perigee, Perigeum</h1>
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<hw><hw>Per"i*gee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Per`i*ge"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>perigeum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ about, near + <?/ the earth: cf. F. <ets>p\'82rig\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>That point in the orbit of the moon which is nearest to the earth; -- opposed to <ant>apogee</ant>. It is sometimes, but rarely, used of the nearest points of other orbits, as of a comet, a planet, etc. Called also <altname>epigee</altname>, <altname>epigeum</altname>.</def>

<h1>Perigenesis</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A theory which explains inheritance by the transmission of the type of growth force possessed by one generation to another.</def>

<h1>Perigenetic</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*gen"e*tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to perigenesis.</def>

<h1>Perigone</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*gone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>peri-</ets> + Gr. <?/ productive organs.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any organ inclosing the essential organs of a flower; a perianth.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In mosses, the involucral bracts of a male flower.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sac which surrounds the generative bodies in the gonophore of a hydroid.</def>

<h1>Perigonium</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*go"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Perigonia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Perigone</er>.</def>

<h1>Perigord pie</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*gord pie`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From <ets>P\'82rigord</ets>, a former province of France.]</ety> <def>A pie made of truffles, much esteemed by epicures.</def>

<h1>Perigraph</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ outline; <?/ round, about + <?/ to write.]</ety> <def>A careless or inaccurate delineation of anything.</def> <mark><ety>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Perigynium</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*gyn"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Perigynia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Perigynous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Some unusual appendage about the pistil, as the bottle-shaped body in the sedges, and the bristles or scales in some other genera of the Sedge family, or <spn>Cyperace\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Perigynous</h1>
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<hw>Pe*rig"y*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>peri-</ets> + Gr. <?/ woman.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the ovary free, but the petals and stamens borne on the calyx; -- said of flower such as that of the cherry or peach.</def>

<h1>Perihelion, Perihelium</h1>
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<hw><hw>Per`i*hel"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Per`i*he"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Perihelia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ about, near + <?/ the sun.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>That point of the orbit of a planet or comet which is nearest to the sun; -- opposed to <ant>aphelion</ant>.</def>

<h1>Peril</h1>
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<hw>Per"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'82ril</ets>, fr. L. <ets>periculum</ets>, <ets>periclum</ets>, akin to <ets>peritus</ets> experienced, skilled, and E. <ets>fare</ets>. See <er>Fare</er>, and cf. <er>Experience</er>.]</ety> <def>Danger; risk; hazard; jeopardy; exposure of person or property to injury, loss, or destruction.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>perils</b> of waters, in <b>perils</b> of robbers.
<i>2 Cor. xi. 26.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Adventure hard
With <b>peril</b> great achieved.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>At</col>, &or; <col>On</col>, <col>one's peril</col></mcol>, <cd>with risk or danger to one; at the hazard of. "<i>On thy<i> soul's <i>peril<i>."</cd> <i>Shak.</i></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Hazard; risk; jeopardy. See <er>Danger</er>.</syn>

<h1>Peril</h1>
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<hw>Per"il</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Periled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Perilled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Periling</er> or <er>Perilling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To expose to danger; to hazard; to risk; <as>as, to <ex>peril</ex> one's life</as>.</def>

<h1>Peril</h1>
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<hw>Per"il</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be in danger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Perilla</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ril"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of labiate herbs, of which one species (<spn>Perilla ocimoides</spn>, or <spn>P. Nankinensis</spn>) is often cultivated for its purple or variegated foliage.</def>

<h1>Perilous</h1>
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<hw>Per"il*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>perillous</ets>, <ets>perilleus</ets>, F. <ets>p\'82rilleux</ets>, L. <ets>periculosus</ets>. See <er>Peril</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>perillous</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of, attended with, or involving, peril; dangerous; hazardous; <as>as, a <ex>perilous</ex> undertaking</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Infamous hills, and sandy, <b>perilous</b> wilds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Daring; reckless; dangerous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<blockquote>For I am <b>perilous</b> with knife in hand.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Per"il*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Per"il*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Perilymph</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*lymph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The fluid which surrounds the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear, and separates it from the walls of the chambers in which the labyrinth lies.</def>

<h1>Perilymphangial</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*lym*phan"gi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Around, or at the side of, a lymphatic vessel.</def>

<h1>Perilymphatic</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*lym*phat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, perilymph.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Perilymphangial.</def>

<h1>Perimeter</h1>
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<hw>Per*im"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ around + <?/ measure: cf. F. <ets>p\'82rim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The outer boundary of a body or figure, or the sum of all the sides.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument for determining the extent and shape of the field of vision.</def>

<h1>Perimetric, Perimetrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Per`i*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Per`i*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the perimeter, or to perimetry; <as>as, a <ex>perimetric</ex> chart of the eye</as>.</def>

<h1>Perimetry</h1>
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<hw>Per*im"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of using the perimeter; measurement of the field of vision.</def>

<h1>Perimorph</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*morph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>peri-</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A crystal of one species inclosing one of another species. See <er>Endomorph</er>.</def>

<h1>Perimysial</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*my"sial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Surrounding a muscle or muscles.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the perimysium.</def>

<h1>Perimysium</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*my"si*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ about + <?/ muscle.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The connective tissue sheath which surrounds a muscle, and sends partitions inwards between the bundles of muscular fibers.</def>

<h1>Perin\'91um</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*n\'91"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Perineum</er>.</def>

<h1>Perineal</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*ne"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the perineum.</def>

<h1>Perineoplasty</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*ne"o*plas`ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Perineum</ets> + <ets>-plasty</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act or process of restoring an injured perineum.</def>

<h1>Perineorrhaphy</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*ne*or"rha*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Perineum</ets> + Gr. <?/ to sew.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The operation of sewing up a ruptured perineum.</def>

<h1>Perinephritis</h1>
<Xpage=1066>

<hw>Per`i*ne*phri"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Peri-</er>, and <er>Nephritis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the cellular tissue around the kidney.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Per`i*ne*phrit"ic</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Perineum</h1>
<Xpage=1066>

<hw>Per`i*ne"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The region which is included within the outlet of the pelvis, and is traversed by the urinogenital canal and the rectum.</def>

<h1>Perineurial</h1>
<Xpage=1066>

<hw>Per`i*neu"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Surrounding nerves or nerve fibers; of or pertaining to the perineurium.</def>

<h1>Perineurium</h1>
<Xpage=1066>

<hw>Per`i*neu"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ about + <?/ a nerve.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The connective tissue sheath which surrounds a bundle of nerve fibers. See <er>Epineurium</er>, and <er>Neurilemma</er>.</def>

<h1>Perinuclear</h1>
<Xpage=1066>

<hw>Per`i*nu"cle*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a nucleus; situated around a nucleus; <as>as, the <ex>perinuclear</ex> protoplasm</as>.</def>

<h1>Period</h1>
<Xpage=1066>

<hw>Pe"ri*od</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>periodus</ets>, Gr. <?/ a going round, a way round, a circumference, a period of time; <?/ round, about + <?/ a way: cf. F. <ets>p\'82riode</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A portion of time as limited and determined by some recurring phenomenon, as by the completion of a revolution of one of the heavenly bodies; a division of time, as a series of years, months, or days, in which something is completed, and ready to recommence and go on in the same order; <as>as, the <ex>period</ex> of the sun, or the earth, or a comet</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: A stated and recurring interval of time; more generally, an interval of time specified or left indefinite; a certain series of years, months, days, or the like; a time; a cycle; an age; an epoch; <as>as, the <ex>period</ex> of the Roman republic</as>.</def>

<blockquote>How by art to make plants more lasting than their ordinary <b>period</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>One of the great divisions of geological time; <as>as, the Tertiary <ex>period</ex>; the Glacial <ex>period</ex></as>.  See the <i>Chart</i> of <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The termination or completion of a revolution, cycle, series of events, single event, or act; hence, a limit; a bound; an end; a conclusion.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>So spake the archangel Michael; then paused,
As at the world's great <b>period</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Evils which shall never end till eternity hath a <b>period</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This is the <b>period</b> of my ambition.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A complete sentence, from one full stop to another; esp., a well-proportioned, harmonious sentence.</def> "Devolved his rounded <i>periods</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote><b>Periods</b> are beautiful when they are not too long.
<i>B. Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The <i>period</i>, according to Heyse, is a compound sentence consisting of a protasis and apodosis; according to Becker, it is the appropriate form for the co\'94rdinate propositions related by antithesis or causality.</note>

<i>Gibbs.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The punctuation point [.] that marks the end of a complete sentence, or of an abbreviated word.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>One of several similar sets of figures or terms usually marked by points or commas placed at regular intervals, as in numeration, in the extraction of roots, and in circulating decimals.</def>

<hr>
<page="1067">
Page 1067<p>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The time of the exacerbation and remission of a disease, or of the paroxysm and intermission.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A complete musical sentence.</def>

<cs><col>The period</col>, <cd>the present or current time, as distinguished from all other times.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Time; date; epoch; era; age; duration; limit; bound; end; conclusion; determination.</syn>

<h1>Period</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Pe"ri*od</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put an end to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Period</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Pe"ri*od</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To come to a period; to conclude. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "You may <i>period</i> upon this, that," etc.</def>

<i>Felthman.</i>

<h1>Periodate</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Per*i"o*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of periodic acid.</def>

<h1>Periodic</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Per`i*od"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>per-</ets> + <ets>iodic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, the highest oxygen acid (HIO<?/) of iodine.</def>

<h1>Periodic, Periodical</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw><hw>Pe`ri*od"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pe`ri*od"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>periodicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>p\'82riodique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a period or periods, or to division by periods.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>periodical</b>times of all the satellites.
<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Performed in a period, or regular revolution; proceeding in a series of successive circuits; <as>as, the <ex>periodical</ex> motion of the planets round the sun</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Happening, by revolution, at a stated time; returning regularly, after a certain period of time; acting, happening, or appearing, at fixed intervals; recurring; <as>as, <ex>periodical</ex> epidemics</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>periodic</b> return of a plant's flowering.
<i>Henslow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To influence opinion through the <b>periodical</b> press.
<i>Courthope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a period; constituting a complete sentence.</def>

<cs><col>Periodic comet</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a comet that moves about the sun in an elliptic orbit; a comet that has been seen at two of its approaches to the sun.</cd> -- <col>Periodic function</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a function whose values recur at fixed intervals as the variable uniformly increases. The trigonomertic functions, as sin <it>x<it>, tan <it>x<it>, etc., are periodic functions. Exponential functions are also periodic, having an imaginary period, and the elliptic functions have not only a real but an imaginary period, and are hence called <i>doubly periodic<i>.</cd> -- <col>Periodic law</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the generalization that the properties of the chemical elements are periodic functions of their atomic wieghts. "In other words, if the elements are grouped in the order of their atomic weights, it will be found that nearly the same properties recur periodically throughout the entire series." The following tabular arrangement of the atomic weights shows the regular recurrence of groups (under I., II., III., IV., etc.), each consisting of members of the same natural family. The gaps in the table indicate the probable existence of unknown elements.</cd>

<-- only the first column of the table is entered here, remainder needs to be entered -->
<table>
<tabtitle>TABLE OF THE PERIODIC LAW OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS</tabtitle>
<centered>(The vertical columns contain the periodic groups)</entered>
<column 1><vertical>Series</vertical>1{  2{  3{  4{  5{  6{  7{  8{  9{  10{  11{  12{</column1>
--------------------------------------------------------------
  |<row>I.   II.  III.  IV.  V.    VI.  VII.  VIII.</row>
  |<row>                RH4  RH3   RH3  RH         </row>
  |<row>R2O  RO   R3O3  RO2  R2O5  RO3  R2O7  RO4  </row>
--------------------------------------------------------------
<row>H</row>
<row>1</row>

<row>Li</row>
<row>7</row>

<row>Na</row>
<row>23</row>

<row>K</row>
<row>39</row>

<row>(Cu)</row>
<row>63</row>

<row>Rb</row>
<row>85.2</row>

<row>(Ag)</row>
<row>(108)</row>

<row>Cs</row>
<row>133</row>

<row>(-)</row>
<row></row>

<row>(-)</row>
<row></row>

<row>(Au)</row>
<row>(197)</row>

<row>(-)</row>
<row></row>

-----------------------------------------------------------------
</table>

<note>&hand; A similar relation had been enunciated in a crude way by Newlands; but the law in its effective form was developed and elaborated by Mendelejeff, whence it is sometimes called <i>Mendelejeff's law</i>. Important extensions of it were also made by L. Meyer. By this means Mendelejeff predicted with remarkable accuracy the hypothetical elements ekaboron, ekaluminium, and ekasilicon, afterwards discovered and named respectively scandium, gallium, and germanium.</note>

-- <col>Periodic star</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a variable star whose changes of brightness recur at fixed periods.</cd> -- <col>Periodic time of a heavenly body</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the time of a complete revolution of the body about the sun, or of a satellite about its primary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Periodical</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Pe`ri*od"ic*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A magazine or other publication which appears at stated or regular intervals.</def>

<h1>Periodicalist</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who publishes, or writes for, a periodical.</def>

<h1>Periodically</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a periodical manner.</def>

<h1>Periodicalness</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Periodicity.</def>

<h1>Periodicity</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Pe`ri*o*dic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Periodicities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82riodicit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being periodical, or regularly recurrent; <as>as, the <ex>periodicity</ex> in the vital phenomena of plants</as>.</def>

<i>Henfrey.</i>

<h1>Periodide</h1>
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<hw>Per*i"o*dide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>per-</ets> + <ets>iodide</ets>.]</ety> <def>An iodide containing a higher proportion of iodine than any other iodide of the same substance or series.</def>

<h1>Periodontal</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*o*don"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>peri-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Surrounding the teeth.</def>

<h1>Periodoscope</h1>
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<hw>Pe`ri*od"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Period</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A table or other means for calculating the periodical functions of women.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Peri\'d2ci, Peri\'d2cians</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw><hw>Per`i*\'d2"ci</hw>, <hw>Per`i*\'d2"cians</hw>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>perioeci</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ around + <?/ house, dwelling.]</ety> <def>Those who live on the same parallel of latitude but on opposite meridians, so that it is noon in one place when it is midnight in the other. Compare <er>Ant\'d2ci</er>.</def>

<h1>Periople</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*o*ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'82riople</ets>, from Gr. <?/ about + <?/ the hoof of a horse.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The external smooth horny layer of the hoof of the horse and allied animals.</def>

<h1>Perioplic</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Per`i*op"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the periople; connected with the periople.</def>

<h1>Periosteal</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Per`i*os"te*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated around bone; of or pertaining to the periosteum.</def>

<h1>Periosteum</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Per`i*os"te*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ round the bones; <?/ around + <?/ a bone: cf. L. <ets>periosteon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The membrane of fibrous connective tissue which closely invests all bones except at the articular surfaces.</def>

<h1>Periostitis</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Per`i*os*ti"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Periosteum</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the periosteum.</def>

<h1>Periostracum</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*os"tra*cum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Periostraca</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ around + <?/ shell of a testacean.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A chitinous membrane covering the exterior of many shells; -- called also <altname>epidermis</altname>.</def>

<h1>Periotic</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*o"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>peri-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, the ear.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Surrounding, or pertaining to the region surrounding, the internal ear; <as>as, the <ex>periotic</ex> capsule</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A periotic bone.</def></def2>

<h1>Peripatecian</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Per`i*pa*te"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A peripatetic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Peripatetic</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Per`i*pa*tet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peripateticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to walk about; <?/ about + <?/ to walk: cf. F. <ets>p\'82ripat\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Walking about; itinerant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the philosophy taught by Aristotle (who gave his instructions while walking in the Lyceum at Athens), or to his followers.</def> "The true <i>peripatetic</i> school."

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Peripatetic</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Per`i*pa*tet"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who walks about; a pedestrian; an itinerant.</def>

<i>Tatler.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A disciple of Aristotle; an Aristotelian.</def>

<h1>Peripatetical</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Per`i*pa*tet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Peripatetic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hales.</i>

<h1>Peripateticism</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Per`i*pa*tet"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82ripat\'82tisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrines or philosophical system of the peripatetics. See <er>Peripatetic</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<i>Lond. Sat. Rev.</i>

<h1>Peripatus</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Pe*rip"a*tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a walking about.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of lowly organized arthropods, found in South Africa, Australia, and tropical America. It constitutes the order Malacopoda.</def>

<h1>Peripetalous</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Per`i*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Surrounding, or situated about, the petals.</def>

<h1>Peripheral</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Pe*riph"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a periphery; constituting a periphery; peripheric.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>External; away from the center; <as>as, the <ex>peripheral</ex> portion of the nervous system</as>.</def>

<h1>Peripheric, Peripherical</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw><hw>Per`i*pher"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Per`i*pher"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82riph\'82rique</ets>. See <er>Periphery</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Peripheral</er>.</def>

<h1>Periphery</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Pe*riph"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Peripheries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>peripheria</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ around + <?/ to bear, carry: cf. F. <ets>p\'82riph\'82rie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The outside or superficial portions of a body; the surface.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The circumference of a circle, ellipse, or other figure.</def>

<h1>Periphrase</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Per"i*phrase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>periphrasis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to think about, to be expressed periphrastically; <?/ + <?/ to speak: cf. F. <ets>p\'82riphrase</ets>. See <er>Phrase</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The use of more words than are necessary to express the idea; a roundabout, or indirect, way of speaking; circumlocution.</def> "To describe by enigmatic <i>periphrases</i>."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Periphrase</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Per"i*phrase</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Periphrased</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Periphrasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82riphraser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To express by periphrase or circumlocution.</def>

<h1>Periphrase</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Per"i*phrase</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To use circumlocution.</def>

<h1>Periphrasis</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Pe*riph"ra*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Periphrases</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See <er>Periphrase</er>.</def>

<h1>Periphrastic, Periphrastical</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw><hw>Per`i*phras"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Per`i*phras"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>p\'82riphrastique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expressing, or expressed, in more words than are necessary; characterized by periphrase; circumlocutory.</def>

<cs><col>Periphrastic conjugation</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>a conjugation formed by the use of the simple verb with one or more auxiliaries.</cd></cs>

<h1>Periphrastically</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Per`i*phras"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With circumlocution.</def>

<h1>Periplast</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*plast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>peri-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to mold, form.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Periblast</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Per`i*plas"tic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Peripneumonia, Peripneumony</h1>
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<hw><hw>Per`ip*neu*mo"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Per`ip*neu"mo*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peripneumonia</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>p\'82ripneumonie</ets>. See <er>Peri-</er>, <er>Pneumonia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pneumonia.</def> <mark>(Obsoles.)</mark>
<-- sic. why is this mark in parentheses rather than brackets? -->

<h1>Peripneumonic</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Per`ip*neu*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peripneumonicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>p\'82ripneumonique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to peripneumonia.</def>

<h1>Periproct</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*proct</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>peri-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the anus.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The region surrounding the anus, particularly of echinoderms.</def>

<h1>Periproctitis</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*proc*ti"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Peri-</er>, and <er>Proctitus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the tissues about the rectum.</def>

<h1>Peripteral</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Pe*rip"ter*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr., fr. <?/ + <?/ feather, wing, row of columns.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Having columns on all sides; -- said of an edifice. See <er>Apteral</er>.</def>

<h1>Peripterous</h1>
<Xpage=1067>

<hw>Pe*rip"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Peripteral.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Feathered all around.</def>

<h1>Perisarc</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*sarc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>peri-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, flesh.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The outer, hardened integument which covers most hydroids.</def>

<h1>Periscian</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ris"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ around + <?/ shadow: cf. F. <ets>p\'82riscien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the shadow moving all around.</def>

<h1>Periscians, Periscii</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pe*ris"cians</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pe*ris"ci*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Periscian</er>.]</ety> <def>Those who live within a polar circle, whose shadows, during some summer days, will move entirely round, falling toward every point of the compass.</def>

<h1>Periscope</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>peri-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>A general or comprehensive view.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Periscopic</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82riscopique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Viewing all around, or on all sides.</def>

<cs><col>Periscopic spectacles</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>spectacles having concavo-convex or convexo-concave lenses with a considerable curvature corresponding to that of the eye, to increase the distinctness of objects viewed obliquely.</cd></cs>

<h1>Perish</h1>
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<hw>Per"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Perished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Perishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>perissen</ets>, <ets>perisshen</ets>, F. <ets>p\'82rir</ets>, p.pr. <ets>p\'82rissant</ets>, L. <ets>perire</ets> to go or run through, come to nothing, perish; <ets>per</ets> through + <ets>ire</ets> to go. Cf. <er>Issue</er>, and see <er>-ish</er>.]</ety> <def>To be destroyed; to pass away; to become nothing; to be lost; to die; hence, to wither; to waste away.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>perish</b> with hunger!
<i>Luke xv. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Grow up and <b>perish</b>, as the summer fly.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The thoughts of a soul that <b>perish</b> in thinking.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Perish</h1>
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<hw>Per"ish</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause perish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Perishability</h1>
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<hw>Per`ish*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Perishableness.</def>

<h1>Perishable</h1>
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<hw>Per"ish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'82rissable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Liable to perish; subject to decay, destruction, or death; <as>as, <ex>perishable</ex> goods; our <ex>perishable</ex> bodies.</as></def>

<h1>Perishableness</h1>
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<hw>Per"ish*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being perishable; liability to decay or destruction.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Perishably</h1>
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<hw>Per"ish*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a perishable degree or manner.</def>

<h1>Perishment</h1>
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<hw>Per"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>perissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of perishing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Perisoma</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*so"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Perisomata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Perisome</er>.</def>

<h1>Perisome</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>peri-</ets> + <ets>-some</ets> body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The entire covering of an invertebrate animal, as echinoderm or c\'d2lenterate; the integument.</def>

<h1>Perisperm</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*sperm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'82risperme</ets>. See <er>Peri-</er>, and <er>Sperm</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The albumen of a seed, especially that portion which is formed outside of the embryo sac.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Per`i*sper"mic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Perispheric, Perispherical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Per`i*spher"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Per`i*spher"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Exactly spherical; globular.</def>

<h1>Perispomenon</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*spom"e*non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Perispomena</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, pr. pass. p. of <?/ to draw around, to circumflex; <?/ around + <?/ to draw.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Gram.)</fld> <def>A word which has the circumflex accent on the last syllable.</def>

<i>Goodwin.</i>

<h1>Perispore</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*spore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The outer covering of a spore.</def>

<h1>Perissad</h1>
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<hw>Per"is*sad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ odd, from <?/ over.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Odd; not even; -- said of elementary substances and of radicals whose valence is not divisible by two without a remainder. Contrasted with <i>artiad</i>.</def><-- ? not in modern usage -->

<h1>Perisse</h1>
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<hw>Per"isse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To perish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Perissodactyl</h1>
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<hw>Per`is*so*dac"tyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Perissodactyla.</def>

<h1>Perissodactyla</h1>
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<hw>Per`is*so*dac"ty*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ odd (fr. <?/ over) + <?/ finger.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of ungulate mammals, including those that have an odd number of toes, as the horse, tapir, and rhinoceros; -- opposed to <i>Artiodactyla</i>.</def>

<h1>Perissological</h1>
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<hw>Per`is*so*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82rissologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Redundant or excessive in words.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Perissology</h1>
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<hw>Per`is*sol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perissologia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ odd, superfluous + <?/ discourse.]</ety> <def>Superfluity of words.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>G. Campbell.</i>

<h1>Peristalsis</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*stal"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Peristaltic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Peristaltic contraction or action.</def>

<h1>Peristaltic</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*stal"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ clasping and compressing, fr. <?/ to surround, wrap up; <?/ round + <?/ to place, arrange: cf. F. <ets>p\'82ristaltique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Applied to the peculiar wormlike wave motion of the intestines and other similar structures, produced by the successive contraction of the muscular fibers of their walls, forcing their contents onwards; <as>as, <ex>peristaltic</ex> movement</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Per`i*stal"tic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Peristeria</h1>
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<hw>Per`is*te"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Peristerion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of orchidaceous plants. See <er>Dove plant</er>.</def>

<h1>Peristerion</h1>
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<hw>Per`is*te"ri*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a dovecote, a kind of verbena, fr. <?/ a dove, pigeon; cf. L. <ets>peristereon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The herb vervain (<spn>Verbena officinalis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Peristerite</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ris"ter*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a pigeon.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of albite, whitish and slightly iridescent like a pigeon's neck.</def>

<h1>Peristeromorphous</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ris`ter*o*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a pigeon + <ets>-morphous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the pigeons or Columb\'91.</def>

<h1>Peristeropodous</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ris`ter*op"o*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a pigeon + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having pigeonlike feet; -- said of those gallinaceous birds that rest on all four toes, as the curassows and megapods.</def>

<h1>Peristole</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ris"to*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.: cf. F. <ets>p\'82ristole</ets>. See <er>Peristaltic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Peristaltic action, especially of the intestines.</def>

<h1>Peristoma</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ris"to*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Peristomata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Peristome</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="1068">
Page 1068<p>

<h1>Peristome</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*stome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>peri-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, mouth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fringe of teeth around the orifice of the capsule of mosses. It consists of 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 teeth, and may be either single or double.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The lip, or edge of the aperture, of a spiral shell.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The membrane surrounding the mouth of an invertebrate animal.</def>

<h1>Peristomial</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*sto"mi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a peristome.</def>

<h1>Peristomium</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*sto"mi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Peristome</er>.</def>

<h1>Peristrephic</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*streph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to turn round.]</ety> <def>Turning around; rotatory; revolving; <as>as, a <ex>peristrephic</ex> painting (of a panorama)</as>.</def>

<h1>Peristyle</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*style</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peristylum</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ about + <?/ a column: cf. F. <ets>p\'82ristyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A range of columns with their entablature, etc.; specifically, a complete system of columns, whether on all sides of a court, or surrounding a building, such as the cella of a temple. Used in the former sense, it gives name to the larger and inner court of a Roman dwelling, the <i>peristyle</i>. See <er>Colonnade</er>.</def>

<h1>Perisystole</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*sys"to*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>peri-</ets> + <ets>systole</ets>: cf. F. <ets>p\'82risystole</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The interval between the diastole and systole of the heart. It is perceptible only in the dying.</def>

<h1>Perite</h1>
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<hw>Pe*rite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peritus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Skilled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Perithecium</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*the"ci*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ around + <?/ box.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An organ in certain fungi and lichens, surrounding and enveloping the masses of fructification.</def>

<i>Henslow.</i>

<h1>Peritomous</h1>
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<hw>Pe*rit"o*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cut off all around. See <er>Peri-</er>, and <er>Tome</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Cleaving in more directions than one, parallel to the axis.</def>

<h1>Periton\'91um</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*to*n\'91"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Peritoneum</er>.</def>

<h1>Peritoneal</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*to*ne"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82riton\'82al</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the peritoneum.</def>

<h1>Peritoneum</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*to*ne"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peritoneum</ets>, <ets>peritonaeum</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ to stretch all around or over; <?/ around + <?/ to stretch.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The smooth serous membrane which lines the cavity of the abdomen, or the whole body cavity when there is no diaphragm, and, turning back, surrounds the viscera, forming a closed, or nearly closed, sac.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>periton\'91um</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Peritonitis</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*to*ni"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Peritoneum</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the peritoneum.</def>

<h1>Peritracheal</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*tra"che*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Surrounding the trache\'91.</def>

<h1>Peritreme</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*treme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>peri-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a hole.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of the integument of an insect which surrounds the spiracles.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The edge of the aperture of a univalve shell.</def>

<h1>Peritricha</h1>
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<hw>Pe*rit"ri*cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ about + <?/, <?/, hair.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of ciliated Infusoria having a circle of cilia around the oral disk and sometimes another around the body. It includes the vorticellas. See <er>Vorticella</er>.</def>

<h1>Peritrochium</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*tro"chi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ around + <?/ a wheel.]</ety> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The wheel which, together with the axle, forms the <i>axis in peritrochio</i>, which see under <er>Axis</er>.</def>

<h1>Peritropal</h1>
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<hw>Per*it"ro*pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to turn around; <?/ around + <?/ to turn: cf. F. <ets>p\'82ritrope</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rotatory; circuitous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the axis of the seed perpendicular to the axis of the pericarp to which it is attached.</def>

<h1>Peritropous</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per*it"ro*pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Peritropal.</def>

<h1>Perityphlitis</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*typh*li"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Peri-</er>, and <er>Typhlitis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the connective tissue about the c\'91cum.</def>

<h1>Periuterine</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*u"ter*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Surrounding the uterus.</def>

<h1>Perivascular</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*vas"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Around the blood vessels; <as>as, <ex>perivascular</ex> lymphatics</as>.</def>

<h1>Perivertebral</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*ver"te*bral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Surrounding the vertebr\'91.</def>

<h1>Perivisceral</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per`i*vis"cer*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Around the viscera; <as>as, the <ex>perivisceral</ex> cavity</as>.</def>

<h1>Perivitelline</h1>
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<hw>Per`i*vi*tel"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>peri-</ets> + <ets>vitelline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Situated around the vitellus, or between the vitellus and zona pellucida of an ovum.</def>

<h1>Periwig</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*wig</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>perrwige</ets>, <ets>perwicke</ets>, corrupt. fr. F. <ets>perruque</ets>; cf. OD. <ets>peruyk</ets>, from French. See <er>Peruke</er>, and cf. <er>Wig</er>.]</ety> <def>A headdress of false hair, usually covering the whole head, and representing the natural hair; a wig.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Periwig</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*wig</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Perwigged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Perwigging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To dress with a periwig, or with false hair.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Periwinkle</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*win`kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From AS. <ets>pinewincla</ets> a shellfish, in which <ets>pine-</ets> is fr. L. <ets>pina</ets>, <ets>pinna</ets>, a kind of mussel, akin to Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Winkle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any small marine gastropod shell of the genus Littorina. The common European species (<spn>Littorina littorea</spn>), in Europe extensively used as food, has recently become naturalized abundantly on the American coast. See <er>Littorina</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; In America the name is often applied to several large univalves, as <spn>Fulgur carica</spn>, and <spn>F. canaliculata</spn>.</note>

<h1>Periwinkle</h1>
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<hw>Per"i*win`kle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pervenke</ets>, AS. <ets>pervince</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pervinca</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A trailing herb of the genus <spn>Vinca</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; The common perwinkle (<spn>Vinca minor</spn>) has opposite evergreen leaves and solitary blue or white flowers in their axils. In America it is often miscalled <altname>myrtle</altname>. See under <er>Myrtle</er>.</note>

<h1>Perjenet</h1>
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<hw>Per"jen*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Pear</er>, and <er>Jenneting</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of pear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Perjure</h1>
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<hw>Per"jure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Perjured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Perjuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>parjurer</ets>, L. <ets>perjurare</ets>, <ets>perjerare</ets>; <ets>per</ets> through, over + <ets>jurare</ets> to swear. See <er>Jury</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to violate an oath or a vow; to cause to make oath knowingly to what is untrue; to make guilty of perjury; to forswear; to corrupt; -- often used reflexively; <as>as, he <ex>perjured</ex> himself</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Want will <b>perjure</b>
The ne'er-touched vestal.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a false oath to; to deceive by oaths and protestations.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And with a virgin innocence did pray
For me, that <b>perjured</b> her.
<i>J. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Perjure</er>, <er>Forswear</er>.</syn> <usage> These words have been used interchangeably; but there is a tendency to restrict <i>perjure</i> to that species of forswearing which constitutes the crime of perjury at law, namely, the willful violation of an oath administered by a magistrate or according to law.</usage>

<h1>Perjure</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per"jure</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perjurus</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>parjur</ets>, F. <ets>parjure</ets>.]</ety> <def>A perjured person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Perjured</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per"jured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Guilty of perjury; having sworn falsely; forsworn.</def> <i>Shak.</i> "<i>Perjured</i> persons." <i>1 Tim. i. 10</i>. "Their <i>perjured</i> oath." <i>Spenser</i>.

<h1>Perjurer</h1>
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<hw>Per"jur*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is guilty of perjury; one who perjures or forswears, in any sense.</def>

<h1>Perjurious, Perjurous</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw><hw>Per*ju"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Per"ju*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perjuriosus</ets>, <ets>perjurus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Guilty of perjury; containing perjury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Quarles. B. Johnson.</i>

<h1>Perjury</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per"ju*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Perjuries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>perjurium</ets>. See <er>Perjure</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>False swearing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>At common law, a willfully false statement in a fact material to the issue, made by a witness under oath in a competent judicial proceeding. By statute the penalties of perjury are imposed on the making of willfully false affirmations.</def>

<note>&hand; If a man swear falsely in nonjudicial affidavits, it is made perjury by statute in some jurisdictions in the United States.</note>

<h1>Perk</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Perk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Perked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Perking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>percu</ets> to trim, to make smart.]</ety> <def>To make trim or smart; to straighten up; to erect; to make a jaunty or saucy display of; <as>as, to <ex>perk</ex> the ears; to <ex>perk</ex> up one's head.</as></def>

<i>Cowper. Sherburne.</i>

<h1>Perk</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Perk</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To exalt one's self; to bear one's self loftily.</def> "To <i>perk</i> over them."

<i>Barrow.</i>

<cs><col>To perk it</col>, <cd>to carry one's self proudly or saucily.</cd></cs>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Perk</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Perk</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Smart; trim; spruce; jaunty; vain.</def> "<i>Perk</i> as a peacock."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Perk</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Perk</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To peer; to look inquisitively.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Perkin</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of weak perry.</def>

<h1>Perkinism</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per"kin*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedial treatment, by drawing the pointed extremities of two rods, each of a different metal, over the affected part; tractoration, -- first employed by Dr. Elisha <i>Perkins</i> of Norwich, Conn. See <er>Metallotherapy</er>.</def>

<h1>Perky</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Perk"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Perk; pert; jaunty; trim.</def>

<blockquote>There amid <b>perky</b> larches and pines.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Perlaceous</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pearl</er>.]</ety> <def>Pearly; resembling pearl.</def>

<h1>Perlid</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per"lid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any insect of the genus <spn>Perla</spn>, or family <spn>Perlid\'91</spn>. See <cref>Stone fly</cref>, under <er>Stone</er>.</def>

<h1>Perlite</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per"lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pearlite</er>.</def>

<h1>Perlitic</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Relating to or resembling perlite, or pearlstone; <as>as, the <ex>perlitic</ex> structure of certain rocks</as>. See <er>Pearlite</er>.</def>

<h1>Perlous</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per"lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Perilous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Perlustration</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per`lus*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perlustrare</ets> to wander all through, to survey. See 3d <er>Luster</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of viewing all over.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Permanable</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per"ma*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Permanent; durable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Lydgate.</i>

<h1>Permanence, Permanency</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw><hw>Per"ma*nence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Per"ma*nen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>permanence</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being permanent; continuance in the same state or place; duration; fixedness; <as>as, the <ex>permanence</ex> of institutions; the <ex>permanence</ex> of nature.</as></def>

<h1>Permanent</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per"ma*nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>permanens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>permanere</ets> to stay or remain to the end, to last; <ets>per + manere</ets> to remain: cf. F. <ets>permanent</ets>. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Mansion</er>.]</ety> <def>Continuing in the same state, or without any change that destroys form or character; remaining unaltered or unremoved; abiding; durable; fixed; stable; lasting; <as>as, a <ex>permanent</ex> impression</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Eternity stands <b>permanent</b> and fixed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Permanent gases</col> <fld>(Chem. & Physics)</fld>, <cd>hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide; -- also called <altname>incondensible &or; incoercible gases</altname>, before their liquefaction in 1877.</cd><-- archaic --> -- <col>Permanent way</col>, <cd>the roadbed and superstructure of a finished railway; -- so called in distinction from the contractor's <i>temporary way<i>.</cd> -- <col>Permanent white</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>barium sulphate (<altname>heavy spar</altname>), used as a white pigment or paint, in distinction from <i>white lead<i>, which tarnishes and darkens from the formation of the sulphide.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Lasting; durable; constant. See <er>Lasting</er>.</syn>

<h1>Permanently</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per"ma*nent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a permanent manner.</def>

<h1>Permanganate</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per*man"ga*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of permanganic acid.</def>

<cs><col>Potassium permanganate</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Potassium permanganate</cref>, under <er>Potassium</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Permanganic</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per`man*gan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, one of the higher acids of manganese, <chform>HMnO4</chform>, which forms salts called <i>permanganates</i>.</def>

<h1>Permansion</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per*man"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>permansio</ets>. See <er>Permanent</er>.]</ety> <def>Continuance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Permeability</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per`me*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>perm\'82abilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being permeable.</def>

<cs><col>Magnetic permeability</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the specific capacity of a body for magnetic induction, or its conducting power for lines of magnetic force.</cd></cs>

<i>Sir W. Thomson.</i>

<h1>Permeable</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per"me*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>permeabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>perm\'82able</ets>. See <er>Permeate</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being permeated, or passed through; yielding passage; passable; penetrable; -- used especially of substances which allow the passage of fluids; <as>as, wood is <ex>permeable</ex> to oil; glass is <ex>permeable</ex> to light.</as></def>

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Permeably</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per"me*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a permeable manner.</def>

<h1>Permeant</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per"me*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>permeans</ets>, p.pr.]</ety> <def>Passing through; permeating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Permeate</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per"me*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Permeated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Permeating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>permeatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>permeare</ets> to permeate; <ets>per + meare</ets> to go, pass.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pass through the pores or interstices of; to penetrate and pass through without causing rupture or displacement; -- applied especially to fluids which pass through substances of loose texture; <as>as, water <ex>permeates</ex> sand</as>.</def>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enter and spread through; to pervade.</def>

<blockquote>God was conceived to be diffused throughout the whole world, to <b>permeate</b> and pervade all things.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Permeation</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per`me*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of permeating, passing through, or spreading throughout, the pores or interstices of any substance.</def>

<blockquote>Here is not a mere involution only, but a spiritual <b>permeation</b> and inexistence.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Permian</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per"mi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From the ancient kingdom of <ets>Permia</ets>, where the Permian formation exists.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Belonging or relating to the period, and also to the formation, next following the Carboniferous, and regarded as closing the Carboniferous age and Paleozoic era.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The Permian period. See <i>Chart</i> of <er>Geology</er>.</def></def2>

<h1>Permians</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per"mi*ans</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Permian</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A tribe belonging to the Finnic race, and inhabiting a portion of Russia.</def>

<h1>Permiscible</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per*mis"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>permiscere</ets> to mingle; <ets>per + miscere</ets> to mix.]</ety> <def>Capable of being mixed.</def>

<h1>Permiss</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per*miss"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Permit</er>.]</ety> <def>A permitted choice; a rhetorical figure in which a thing is committed to the decision of one's opponent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Permissibility</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per*mis`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being permissible; permissibleness; allowableness.</def>

<h1>Permissible</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per*mis"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be permitted; allowable; admissible.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Per*mis"si*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Per*mis"si*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Permission</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>permissio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>permission</ets>. See <er>Permit</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of permitting or allowing; formal consent; authorization; leave; license or liberty granted.</def>

<blockquote>High <b>permission</b> of all-ruling Heaven.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You have given me your <b>permission</b> for this address.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Leave; liberty; license.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Leave</er>, <er>Permission</er>. <i>Leave</i> implies that the recipient may decide whether to use the license granted or not. <i>Permission</i> is the absence on the part of another of anything preventive, and in general, at least by implication, signifies approval.</usage>

<h1>Permissive</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per*mis"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Permitting; granting leave or liberty.</def> "By his <i>permissive</i> will."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Permitted; tolerated; suffered.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Permissively</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per*mis"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a permissive manner.</def>

<h1>Permistion</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per*mis"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>permistio</ets>, <ets>permixtio</ets>, fr. <ets>permiscere</ets>, <ets>permistum</ets>, and <ets>permixtum</ets>. See <er>Permiscible</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of mixing; the state of being mingled; mixture.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>permixtion</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Permit</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per*mit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Permitted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Permitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>permittere</ets>, <ets>permissum</ets>, to let through, to allow, permit; <ets>per + mittere</ets> to let go, send. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Mission</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To consent to; to allow or suffer to be done; to tolerate; to put up with.</def>

<blockquote>What things God doth neither command nor forbid . . . he <b>permitteth</b> with approbation either to be done or left undone.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grant (one) express license or liberty to do an act; to authorize; to give leave; -- followed by an infinitive.</def>

<blockquote>Thou art <b>permitted</b> to speak for thyself.
<i>Acis xxvi. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give over; to resign; to leave; to commit.</def>

<blockquote>Let us not aggravate our sorrows,
But to the gods <b>permit</b> the event of things.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To allow; let; grant; admit; suffer; tolerate; endure; consent to.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Allow</er>, <er>Permit</er>, <er>Suffer</er>, <er>Tolerate</er>. To <i>allow</i> is more positive, denoting (at least originally and etymologically) a decided assent, either directly or by implication. To <i>permit</i> is more negative, and imports only acquiescence or an abstinence from prevention. The distinction, however, is often disregarded by good writers. To <i>suffer</i> has a stronger passive or negative sense than to <i>permit</i>, sometimes implying against the will, sometimes mere indifference. To <i>tolerate</i> is to endure what is contrary to will or desire. To <i>suffer</i> and to <i>tolerate</i> are sometimes used without discrimination.</usage>

<h1>Permit</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per*mit"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grant permission; to allow.</def>

<h1>Permit</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per"mit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Warrant; license; leave; permission; specifically, a written license or permission given to a person or persons having authority; <as>as, a <ex>permit</ex> to land goods subject to duty</as>.</def>

<h1>Permittance</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per*mit"tance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of permitting; allowance; permission; leave.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Permittee</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per`mit*tee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One to whom a permission or permit is given.</def>

<h1>Permitter</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per*mit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who permits.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>permitter</b>, or not a hinderer, of sin.
<i>J. Edwards.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Permix</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per*mix"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mix; to mingle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Permixtion</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per*mix"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Permission</er>.</def>

<h1>Permutable</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per*mut"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>permutable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being permuted; exchangeable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Per*mut"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Per*mut"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Permutation</h1>
<Xpage=1068>

<hw>Per`mu*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>permutatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>permutation</ets>. See <er>Permute</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of permuting; exchange of the thing for another; mutual transference; interchange.</def>

<blockquote>The violent convulsions and <b>permutations</b> that have been made in property.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The arrangement of any determinate number of things, as units, objects, letters, etc., in all possible orders, one after the other; -- called also <altname>alternation</altname>. Cf. <er>Combination</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any one of such possible arrangements.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Barter; exchange.</def>

<cs><col>Permutation lock</col>, <cd>a lock in which the parts can be transposed or shifted, so as to require different arrangements of the tumblers on different occasions of unlocking.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="1069">
Page 1069<p>

<h1>Permute</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Per*mute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>permutare</ets>, <ets>permutatum</ets>; <ets>per + mutare</ets> to change: cf. F. <ets>permuter</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To interchange; to transfer reciprocally.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exchange; to barter; to traffic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Bought, trucked, <b>permuted</b>, or given.
<i>Hakluyt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Permuter</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Per*mut"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who permutes.</def>

<h1>Pern</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Pern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pernancy</er>.]</ety> <def>To take profit of; to make profitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sylvester.</i>

<h1>Pern</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Pern</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The honey buzzard.</def>

<h1>Pernancy</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Per"nan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>prenance</ets>, fr. <ets>prendre</ets>, <ets>prenre</ets>, <ets>penre</ets>, to take, L. <ets>prendere</ets>, <ets>prehendere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A taking or reception, as the receiving of rents or tithes in kind, the receiving of profits.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Pernel</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Per"nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pimpernel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pernicion</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Per*ni"cion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Pernicious</er>.]</ety> <def>Destruction; perdition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>hudibras.</i>

<h1>Pernicious</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Per*ni"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pernix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Quick; swift (to burn).</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Pernicious</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Per*ni"cious</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perniciosus</ets>, from <ets>pernicies</ets> destruction, from <ets>pernecare</ets> to kill or slay outright; <ets>per + necare</ets> to kill, slay: cf. F. <ets>pernicieux</ets>. Cf. <er>Nuisance</er>, <er>Necromancy</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of injuring or killing; destructive; very mischievous; baleful; malicious; wicked.</def>

<blockquote>Let this <b>pernicious</b> hour
Stand aye accursed in the calendar.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Pernicious</b> to his health.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Destructive; ruinous; deadly; noxious; injurious; baneful; deleterious; hurtful; mischievous.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Per*ni"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt>, -- <wf>Per*ni"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pernicity</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Per*nic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pernicitas</ets>. See 1st <er>Pernicious</er>.]</ety> <def>Swiftness; celerity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Pernio</h1>
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<hw>Per"ni*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A chilblain.</def>

<h1>Pernoctalian</h1>
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<hw>Per`noc*ta"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who watches or keeps awake all night.</def>

<h1>Pernoctation</h1>
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<hw>Per`noc*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pernoctatio</ets>, fr. <ets>pernoctare</ets> to stay all night; <ets>per + nox</ets>, <ets>noctis</ets>, night.]</ety> <def>The act or state of passing the whole night; a remaining all night.</def> "<i>Pernoctation</i> in prayer."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Pernor</h1>
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<hw>Per"nor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pern</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who receives the profits, as of an estate.</def>

<h1>Pernot furnace</h1>
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<hw>Per"not fur"nace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[So called from Charles <ets>Pernot</ets>, its inventor.]</ety> <def>A reverberatory furnace with a circular revolving hearth, -- used in making steel.</def>

<h1>Pernyi moth</h1>
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<hw>Per"ny*i moth"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A silk-producing moth (<spn>Attacus Pernyi</spn>) which feeds upon the oak. It has been introduced into Europe and America from China.</def>

<h1>Perofskite</h1>
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<hw>Per*of"skite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From von <ets>Perovski</ets>, of St.Petersburg.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A titanate of lime occurring in octahedral or cubic crystals.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Perovskite</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Perogue</h1>
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<hw>Pe*rogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pirogue</er>.</def>

<h1>Peronate</h1>
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<hw>Per"o*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peronatus</ets> rough<?/booted, fr. <ets>pero</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>, a kind of rough boot.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A term applied to the stipes or stalks of certain fungi which are covered with a woolly substance which at length becomes powdery.</def>

<i>Henslow.</i>

<h1>Peroneal</h1>
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<hw>Per`o*ne"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the fibula.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the fibula; in the region of the fibula.</def>

<h1>Perorate</h1>
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<hw>Per"o*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Peroration</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a peroration; to harangue.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Peroration</h1>
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<hw>Per`o*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>peroratio</ets>, fr. <ets>perorate</ets>, <ets>peroratum</ets>, to speak from beginning to end; <ets>per + orate</ets> to speak. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Oration</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The concluding part of an oration; especially, a final summing up and enforcement of an argument.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Peroxidation</h1>
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<hw>Per*ox`i*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act, process, or result of peroxidizing; oxidation to a peroxide.</def>

<h1>Peroxide</h1>
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<hw>Per*ox"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oxide containing more oxygen than some other oxide of the same element. Formerly peroxides were regarded as the highest oxides. Cf. <er>Per-</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Peroxidize</h1>
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<hw>Per*ox"i*dize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Peroxidized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Peroxidizing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To oxidize to the utmost degree, so as to form a peroxide.</def>

<h1>Perpend</h1>
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<hw>Per*pend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perpendere</ets>, <ets>perpensum</ets>; <ets>per + pendere</ets> to weight.]</ety> <def>To weight carefully in the mind.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Perpend</i> my words."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Perpend</h1>
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<hw>Per*pend"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To attend; to be attentive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Perpender</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Per*pend"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>parpaing</ets>, pierre <ets>parpaigne</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>A large stone reaching through a wall so as to appear on both sides of it, and acting as a binder; -- called also <altname>perbend</altname>, <altname>perpend stone</altname>, and <altname>perpent stone</altname>.</def>

<h1>Perpendicle</h1>
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<hw>Per*pen"di*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perpendiculum</ets>; <ets>per + pendere</ets> to hang: cf. F. <ets>perpendicule</ets>.]</ety> <def>Something hanging straight down; a plumb line.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Perpendicular</h1>
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<hw>Per`pen*dic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perpendicularis</ets>, <ets>perpendicularius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>perpendiculaire</ets>. See <er>Perpendicle</er>, <er>Pension</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exactly upright or vertical; pointing to the zenith; at right angles to the plane of the horizon; extending in a right line from any point toward the center of the earth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>At right angles to a given line or surface; <as>as, the line <ex>ad</ex> is <ex>perpendicular</ex> to the line <ex>bc</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Perpendicular style</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to the latest variety of English Gothic architecture, which prevailed from the close of the 14th century to the early part of the 16th; -- probably so called from the vertical style of its window mullions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Perpendicular</h1>
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<hw>Per`pen*dic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A line at right angles to the plane of the horizon; a vertical line or direction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A line or plane falling at right angles on another line or surface, or making equal angles with it on each side.</def>

<h1>Perpendicularity</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Per`pen*dic`u*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>perpendicularit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being perpendicular.</def>

<h1>Perpendicularly</h1>
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<hw>Per`pen*dic"u*lar*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a perpendicular manner; vertically.</def>

<h1>Perpend stone</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Per"pend stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Perpender</er>.</def>

<h1>Perpension</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Per*pen"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Perpend</er>.]</ety> <def>Careful consideration; pondering.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Perpensity</h1>
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<hw>Per*pen"si*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Perpension.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Perpent stone</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Per"pent stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Perpender</er>.</def>

<h1>Perpession</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Per*pes"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perpessio</ets>, fr. <ets>perpeti</ets>, <ets>perpessus</ets>, to bear steadfastly; <ets>per + pati</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Suffering; endurance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Perpetrable</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Per"pe*tra"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being perpetrated.</def>

<i>R. North.</i>

<h1>Perpetrate</h1>
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<hw>Per"pe*trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Perpetrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Perpetrating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>perpetratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>perpetrare</ets> to effect, perpetrare; <ets>per + patrare</ets> to perform.]</ety> <def>To do or perform; to carry through; to execute, commonly in a bad sense; to commit (as a crime, an offense); to be guilty of; <as>as, to <ex>perpetrate</ex> a foul deed</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What the worst <b>perpetrate</b>, or best endure.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Perpetration</h1>
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<hw>Per`pe*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perpetratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>perp\'82tration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of perpetrating; a doing; -- commonly used of doing something wrong, as a crime.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The thing perpetrated; an evil action.</def>

<h1>Perpetrator</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Per"pe*tra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who perpetrates; esp., one who commits an offense or crime.</def>

<h1>Perpetuable</h1>
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<hw>Per*pet"u*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being perpetuated or continued.</def>

<blockquote>Varieties are <b>perpetuable</b>, like species.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Perpetual</h1>
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<hw>Per*pet"u*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>perpetuel</ets>, F. <ets>perp\'82tuel</ets>, fr. L. <ets>perpetualis</ets>, fr. <ets>perpetuus</ets> continuing throughout, continuous, fr. <ets>perpes</ets>, <ets>-etis</ets>, lasting throughout.]</ety> <def>Neverceasing; continuing forever or for an unlimited time; unfailing; everlasting; continuous.</def>

<blockquote>Unto the kingdom of <b>perpetual</b> night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Perpetual</b> feast of nectared sweets.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Circle of perpetual apparition</col>, &or; <col>occultation</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Circle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Perpetual calendar</col>, <cd>a calendar so devised that it may be adjusted for any month or year.</cd> -- <col>Perpetual curacy</col> <fld>(Ch. of Eng.)</fld>, <cd>a curacy in which all the tithes are appropriated, and no vicarage is endowed. <i>Blackstone</i>.</cd> -- <col>Perpetual motion</col>. <cd>See under <er>Motion</er>.</cd> -- <col>Perpetual screw</col>. <cd>See <cref>Endless screw</cref>, under <er>Screw</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Continual; unceasing; endless; everlasting; incessant; constant; eternal. See <er>Constant</er>.</syn>

<h1>Perpetually</h1>
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<hw>Per*pet"u*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a perpetual manner; constantly; continually.</def>

<blockquote>The Bible and Common Prayer Book in the vulgar tongue, being <b>perpetually</b> read in churches, have proved a kind of standard for language.
<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Perpetualty</h1>
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<hw>Per*pet"u*al*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of being perpetual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Testament of Love.</i>

<h1>Perpetuance</h1>
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<hw>Per*pet"u*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Perpetuity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Perpetuate</h1>
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<hw>Per*pet"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Perpetuated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Perpetuating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>perpetuatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>perpetuare</ets> to perpetuate. See <er>Perpetual</er>.]</ety> <def>To make perpetual; to cause to endure, or to be continued, indefinitely; to preserve from extinction or oblivion; to eternize.</def>

<i>Addison. Burke.</i>

<h1>Perpetuate</h1>
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<hw>Per*pet"u*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perpetuatus</ets>, p.p.]</ety> <def>Made perpetual; perpetuated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Perpetuation</h1>
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<hw>Per*pet`u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>perp\'82tuation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of making perpetual, or of preserving from extinction through an endless existence, or for an indefinite period of time; continuance.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Perpetuity</h1>
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<hw>Per`pe*tu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perpetuitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>perp\'82tuit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being perpetual; <as>as, the <ex>perpetuity</ex> of laws</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>A path to <b>perpetuity</b> of fame.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>perpetuity</b> of single emotion is insanity.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something that is perpetual.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Endless time.</def> "And yet we should, for <i>perpetuity</i>, go hence in debt."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Annuities)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The number of years in which the simple interest of any sum becomes equal to the principal.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The number of years' purchase to be given for an annuity to continue forever.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A perpetual annuity.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Duration without limitations as to time.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The quality or condition of an estate by which it becomes inalienable, either perpetually or for a very long period; also, the estate itself so modified or perpetuated.</def>

<h1>Perplex</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Per*plex"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Perplexed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Perplexing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>perplexari</ets>. See <er>Perplex</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To involve; to entangle; to make intricate or complicated, and difficult to be unraveled or understood; <as>as, to <ex>perplex</ex> one with doubts</as>.</def>

<blockquote>No artful wildness to <b>perplex</b> the scene.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What was thought obscure, <b>perplexed</b>, and too hard for our weak parts, will lie open to the understanding in a fair view.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To embarrass; to puzzle; to distract; to bewilder; to confuse; to trouble with ambiguity, suspense, or anxiety.</def> "<i>Perplexd</i> beyond self-explication."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>We are <b>perplexed</b>, but not in despair.
<i>2 Cor. iv. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We can distinguish no general truths, or at least shall be apt to <b>perplex</b> the mind.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To plague; to vex; to tormen.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To entangle; involve; complicate; embarrass; puzzle; bewilder; confuse; distract. See <er>Embarrass</er>.</syn>

<h1>Perplex</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Per*plex"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perplexus</ets> entangled, intricate; <ets>per + plectere</ets>, <ets>plexum</ets>, to plait, braid: cf. F. <ets>perplexe</ets>. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Plait</er>.]</ety> <def>Intricate; difficult.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Perplexed</h1>
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<hw>Per*plexed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Entangled, involved, or confused; hence, embarrassd; puzzled; doubtful; anxious.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Per*plex"ed*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Per*plex"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Perplexing</h1>
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<hw>Per*plex"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Embarrassing; puzzling; troublesome.</def> "<i>Perplexing</i> thoughts."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Perplexity</h1>
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<hw>Per*plex"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Perplexities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>perplexitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>perplexit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being perplexed or puzzled; complication; intricacy; entanglement; distraction of mind through doubt or difficulty; embarrassment; bewilderment; doubt.</def>

<blockquote>By their own <b>perplexities</b> involved,
They ravel more.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Perplexiveness</h1>
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<hw>Per*plex"ive*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being perplexing; tendency to perplex.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Perplexly</h1>
<Xpage=1069>

<hw>Per*plex"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Perplexedly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Perpotation</h1>
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<hw>Per`po*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perpotatio</ets>, fr. <ets>perpotate</ets>. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Potation</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of drinking excessively; a drinking bout.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Perquisite</h1>
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<hw>Per"qui*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perquisitum</ets>, fr. <ets>perquisitus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>perquirere</ets> to ask for diligently; <ets>per + quaerere</ets> to seek. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Quest</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something gained from a place or employment over and above the ordinary salary or fixed wages for services rendered; especially, a fee allowed by law to an officer for a specific service.</def>

<blockquote>The pillage of a place taken by storm was regarded as the <b>perquisite</b> of the soldiers.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The best <b>perquisites</b> of a place are the advantages it gaves a man of doing good.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Things gotten by a man's own industry, or purchased with his own money, as opposed to things which come to him by descent.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Perquisited</h1>
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<hw>Per"qui*sit*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Supplied with perquisites.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Perquisited</i> varlets frequent stand."

<i>Savage.</i>

<h1>Perquisition</h1>
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<hw>Per`qui*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>perquisition</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thorough inquiry of search.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<h1>Perradial</h1>
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<hw>Per*ra"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Situated around the radii, or radial tubes, of a radiate.</def>

<h1>Perrie</h1>
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<hw>Per"rie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pierreries</ets>, pl., fr. <ets>pierre</ets> stone, L. <ets>petra</ets>.]</ety> <def>Precious stones; jewels.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>perre</asp>, <asp>perrye</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Perrier</h1>
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<hw>Per"ri*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>perriere</ets>, <ets>perrier</ets>, F. <ets>perrier</ets>. Cf. <er>Pederero</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A short mortar used formerly for throwing stone shot.</def>

<i>Hakluyt.</i>

<h1>Perroquet</h1>
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<hw>Per`ro*quet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Paroquet</er>, <er>Parakeet</er>.</def>

<h1>Perruque</h1>
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<hw>Per`ruque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Peruke</er>.</def>

<h1>Perruquier</h1>
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<hw>Per*ru"qui*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A marker of perukes or wigs.</def>

<h1>Perry</h1>
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<hw>Per"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>per\'82</ets>, F. <ets>poir\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>poire</ets> a pear, L. <ets>pirum</ets>. See <er>Pear</er> the fruit.]</ety> <def>A fermented liquor made from pears; pear cider.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Perry</h1>
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<hw>Per"ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A suddent squall. See <er>Pirry</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pers</h1>
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<hw>Pers</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pers</ets>.]</ety> <def>Light blue; grayish blue; -- a term applied to different shades at different periods.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A cloth of sky-blue color.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A long surcoat of <i>pers</i>."</def2>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Persalt</h1>
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<hw>Per"salt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A term formerly given to the salts supposed to be formed respectively by neutralizing acids with certain peroxides.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<h1>Persant</h1>
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<hw>Per"sant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>per\'87ant</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>percer</ets> to pierce.]</ety> <def>Piercing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Perscrutation</h1>
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<hw>Per`scru*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perscrutatio</ets>, fr. <ets>perscrutari</ets> to search through.]</ety> <def>A thorough searching; a minute inquiry or scrutiny.</def>

<i>Carlyle</i>

<h1>Persecot</h1>
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<hw>Per"se*cot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Persicot</er>.</def>

<h1>Persecute</h1>
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<hw>Per"se*cute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Persecuted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Persecuting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>pers\'82cueter</ets>, L. <ets>persequi</ets>, <ets>persecutus</ets>, to pursue, prosecute; <ets>per + sequi</ets> to follow, pursue. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Second</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pursue in a manner to injure, grieve, or afflict; to beset with cruelty or malignity; to harass; especially, to afflict, harass, punish, or put to death, for adherence to a particular religious creed or mode of worship.</def>

<blockquote>Do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and <b>persecute</b> you.
<i>Matt. v. 44.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To harass with importunity; to pursue with persistent solicitations; to annoy.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To oppress; harass; distress; worry; annoy.</syn>

<h1>Persecution</h1>
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<hw>Per`se*cu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pers\'82cution</ets>, L. <ets>persecutio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of persecuting; especially, the infliction of loss, pain, or death for adherence to a particular creed or mode of worship.</def>

<blockquote><b>Persecution</b> produces no sincere conviction.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state or condition of being persecuted.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A carrying on; prosecution.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Persecutor</h1>
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<hw>Per"se*cu`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>pers\'82cuteur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who persecutes, or harasses.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Persecutrix</h1>
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<hw>Per"se*cu`trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A woman who persecutes.</def>

<h1>Perseid</h1>
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<hw>Per"se*id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of a group of shooting stars which appear yearly about the 10th of August, and cross the heavens in paths apparently radiating from the constellation <i>Perseus</i>. They are beleived to be fragments once connected with a comet visible in 1862.</def>

<h1>Perseus</h1>
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<hw>Per"se*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A Grecian legendary hero, son of Jupiter and Dana\'89, who slew the Gorgon Medusa.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A consellation of the northern hemisphere, near Taurus and Cassiopea. It contains a star cluster visible to the naked eye as a nebula.</def>

<h1>Persever</h1>
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<hw>Per*sev"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To persevere.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Perseverance</h1>
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<hw>Per`se*ver"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pers\'82v\'82rance</ets>, L. <ets>perseverantia</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of persevering; persistence in anything undertaken; continued pursuit or prosecution of any business, or enterprise begun.</def> "The king-becoming graces . . . <i>perseverance</i>, mercy, lowliness."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Whose constant <b>perseverance</b> overcame
Whate'er his cruel malice could invent.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Discrimination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir J. Harrington.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Continuance in a state of grace until it is succeeded by a state of glory; sometimes called <i>final perseverance</i>, and <i>the perseverance of the saints</i>. See <er>Calvinism</er>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Persistence; steadfastness; constancy; steadiness; pertinacity.</syn>

<hr>
<page="1070">
Page 1070<p>

<h1>Perseverant</h1>
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<hw>Per`se*ver"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perseverans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.pr.: cf. F. <ets>pers\'82v\'82rant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Persevering.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Perseverant</i> faith." <i>Whitby</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Per`se*ver"ant*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Persevere</h1>
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<hw>Per`se*vere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Persevered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Persevering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>pers\'82v\'82rer</ets>, L. <ets>perseverare</ets>, fr. <ets>perseverus</ets> very strict; <ets>per + severus</ets> strict, severe. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Severe</er>.]</ety> <def>To persist in any business or enterprise undertaken; to pursue steadily any project or course begun; to maintain a purpose in spite of counter influences, opposition, or discouragement; not to give or abandon what is undertaken.</def>

<blockquote>Thrice happy, if they know
Their happiness, and <b>persevere</b> upright.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Persevere</er>, <er>Continue</er>, <er>Persist</er>.</syn> <usage> The idea of not laying aside is common to these words. <i>Continue</i> is the generic term, denoting simply to do as one has done hitherto. To <i>persevere</i> is to <i>continue</i> in a given course in spite of discouragements, etc., from a desire to obtain our end. To <i>persist</i> is to <i>continue</i> from a determination of will not to give up. <i>Persist</i> is frequently used in a bad sense, implying obstinacy in pursuing an unworthy aim.</usage>

<h1>Persevering</h1>
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<hw>Per`se*ver"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by perseverance; persistent.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Per`se*ver"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Persian</h1>
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<hw>Per"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Persia</ets>: cf. It. <ets>Persiano</ets>. Cf. <er>Parsee</er>, <er>Peach</er>, <er>Persic</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Persia, to the Persians, or to their language.</def>

<cs><col>Persian berry</col>, <cd>the fruit of <spn>Rhamnus infectorius</spn>, a kind of buckthorn, used for dyeing yellow, and imported chiefly from Trebizond.</cd> -- <col>Persian cat</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <spn>Angora cat</spn>, under <er>Angora</er>.</cd> -- <col>Persian columns</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>columns of which the shaft represents a Persian slave; -- called also <altname>Persians</altname>. See <er>Atlantes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Persian drill</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a drill which is turned by pushing a nut back and forth along a spirally grooved drill holder.</cd> -- <col>Persian fire</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>malignant pustule.</cd> -- <col>Persian powder</col>. <cd>See <cref>Insect powder</cref>, under <er>Insect</er>.</cd> -- <col>Persian red</col>. <cd>See <cref>Indian red</cref> <sd>(a)</sd>, under <er>Indian</er>.</cd> -- <col>Persian wheel</col>, <cd>a noria; a tympanum. See <er>Noria</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Persian</h1>
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<hw>Per"sian</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of Persia.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The language spoken in Persia.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A thin silk fabric, used formerly for linings.</def>

<i>Beck.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Persian columns</cref>, under <er>Persian</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Persic</h1>
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<hw>Per"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Persicus</ets>. Cf. <er>Persian</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to Persia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The Persian language.</def></def2>

<h1>Persicaria</h1>
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<hw>Per`si*ca"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from LL. <ets>persicarius</ets> a peach tree. See <er>Peach</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Lady's thumb</er>.</def>

<h1>Persicot</h1>
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<hw>Per"si*cot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Peach</er>.]</ety> <def>A cordial made of the kernels of apricots, nectarines, etc., with refined spirit.</def>

<h1>Persiflage</h1>
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<hw>Per`si`flage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>persifler</ets> to quiz, fr. L. <ets>per + siffler</ets> to whistle, hiss, L. <ets>sibilare</ets>, <ets>sifilare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Frivolous or bantering talk; a frivolous manner of treating any subject, whether serious or otherwise; light raillery.</def>

<i>Hannah More.</i>

<h1>Persifleur</h1>
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<hw>Per`si`fleur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>One who indulges in persiflage; a banterer; a quiz.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Persimmon</h1>
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<hw>Per*sim"mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Virginia Indian.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American tree (<spn>Diospyros Virginiana</spn>) and its fruit, found from New York southward. The fruit is like a plum in appearance, but is very harsh and astringent until it has been exposed to frost, when it becomes palatable and nutritious.</def>

<cs><col>Japanese persimmon</col>, <cd><i>Diospyros Kaki<i> and its red or yellow edible fruit, which outwardly resembles a tomato, but contains a few large seeds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Persis</h1>
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<hw>Per"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A kind of coloring matter obtained from lichens.</def>

<h1>Persism</h1>
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<hw>Per"sism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Persian idiom.</def>

<h1>Persist</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per*sist"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Persisted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Persisting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>persistere</ets>; <ets>per + sistere</ets> to stand or be fixed, fr. <ets>stare</ets> to stand: cf. F. <ets>persister</ets>. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <def>To stand firm; to be fixed and unmoved; to stay; to continue steadfastly; especially, to continue fixed in a course of conduct against opposing motives; to persevere; -- sometimes conveying an unfavorable notion, as of doggedness or obstinacy.</def>

<blockquote>If they <b>persist</b> in pointing their batteries against particular persons, no laws of war forbid the making reprisals.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some positive, <b>persisting</b> fops we know,
Who, if once wrong, will needs be always so.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That face <b>persists</b>.
It floats up; it turns over in my mind.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Persevere</er>, and <er>Insist</er>.</syn>

<h1>Persistence, Persistency</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw><hw>Per*sist"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Per*sist"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Persistent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being persistent; staying or continuing quality; hence, in an unfavorable sense, doggedness; obstinacy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The continuance of an effect after the cause which first gave rise to it is removed</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The <i>persistence</i> of motion</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Visual <i>persistence</i>, or <i>persistence</i> of the visual impression; auditory <i>persistence</i>, etc</def>.</def>

<h1>Persistent</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per*sist"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>persistens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>persistere</ets>. See <er>Persist</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclined to persist; having staying qualities; tenacious of position or purpose.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Remaining beyond the period when parts of the same kind sometimes fall off or are absorbed; permanent; <as>as, <ex>persistent</ex> teeth or gills; a <ex>persistent</ex> calyx</as>; -- opposed to <i>deciduous</i>, and <i>caducous</i>.</def>

<h1>Persistently</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per*sist"ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a persistent manner.</def>

<h1>Persisting</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per*sist"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclined to persist; tenacious of purpose; persistent.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Per*sist"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Persistive</h1>
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<hw>Per*sist"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Persistent</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Persolve</h1>
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<hw>Per*solve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>persolvere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To pay wholly, or fully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<h1>Person</h1>
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<hw>Per"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>persone</ets>, <ets>persoun</ets>, <ets>person</ets>, <ets>parson</ets>, OF. <ets>persone</ets>, F. <ets>personne</ets>, L. <ets>persona</ets> a mask (used by actors), a personage, part, a person, fr. <ets>personare</ets> to sound through; <ets>per + sonare</ets> to sound. See <er>Per-</er>, and cf. <er>Parson</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A character or part, as in a play; a specific kind or manifestation of individual character, whether in real life, or in literary or dramatic representation; an assumed character.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>His first appearance upon the stage in his new <b>person</b> of a sycophant or juggler.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No man can long put on a <b>person</b> and act a part.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To bear rule, which was thy part
And <b>person</b>, hadst thou known thyself aright.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How different is the same man from himself, as he sustains the <b>person</b> of a magistrate and that of a friend!
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The bodily form of a human being; body; outward appearance; <as>as, of comely <ex>person</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>A fair <b>persone</b>, and strong, and young of age.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If it assume my noble father's <b>person</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Love, sweetness, goodness, in her <b>person</b> shined.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>, self-conscious being, as distinct from an animal or a thing; a moral agent; a human being; a man, woman, or child.</def>

<blockquote>Consider what <b>person</b> stands for; which, I think, is a thinking, intelligent being, that has reason and reflection.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A human being spoken of indefinitely; one; a man; <as>as, any <ex>person</ex> present</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A parson; the parish priest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Among Trinitarians, one of the three subdivisions of the Godhead (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost); an hypostasis.</def> "Three <i>persons</i> and one God."

<i>Bk. of Com. Prayer.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>One of three relations or conditions (that of speaking, that of being spoken to, and that of being spoken of) pertaining to a noun or a pronoun, and thence also to the verb of which it may be the subject.</def>

<note>&hand; A noun or pronoun, when representing the speaker, is said to be in the first <i>person</i>; when representing what is spoken to, in the second <i>person</i>; when representing what is spoken of, in the third <i>person</i>.</note>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A shoot or bud of a plant; a polyp or zooid of the compound Hydrozoa Anthozoa, etc.; also, an individual, in the narrowest sense, among the higher animals.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<blockquote>True corms, composed of united person\'91 . . . usually arise by gemmation, . . . yet in sponges and corals occasionally by fusion of several originally distinct <b>persons</b>.
<i>Encyc. Brit.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Artificial</col>, &or; <col>Fictitious</col>, <col>person</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a corporation or body politic. <i>blackstone</i>.</cd><-- = legal person --> -- <col>Natural person</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a man, woman, or child, in distinction from a corporation.</cd> -- <col>In person</col>, <cd>by one's self; with bodily presence; not by representative. "The king himself <i>in person<i> is set forth." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>In the person of</col>, <cd>in the place of; acting for. <i>Shak</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Person</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To represent as a person; to personify; to impersonate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Persona</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per*so"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Person\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Person</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 8.</def>

<h1>Personable</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per"son*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a well-formed body, or person; graceful; comely; of good appearance; presentable; <as>as, a <ex>personable</ex> man or woman</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Wise, warlike, <b>personable</b>, courteous, and kind.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The king, . . . so visited with sickness, was not <b>personable</b>.
<i>E. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Enabled to maintain pleas in court.</def> <i>Cowell</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having capacity to take anything granted.</def>

<h1>Personage</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per"son*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>personnage</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Form, appearance, or belongings of a person; the external appearance, stature, figure, air, and the like, of a person.</def> "In <i>personage</i> stately."

<i>Hayward.</i>

<blockquote>The damsel well did view his <b>personage</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Character assumed or represented.</def> "The actors and <i>personages</i> of this fable." <i>Broome</i>. "Disguised in a false <i>personage</i>." <i>Addison</i>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A notable or distinguished person; a conspicious or peculiar character; <as>as, an illustrious <ex>personage</ex>; a comely <ex>personage</ex> of stature tall.</as></def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Personal</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per"son*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>personalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>personnel</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to human beings as distinct from things.</def>

<blockquote>Every man so termed by way of <b>personal</b> difference.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many individuals; peculiar or proper to private concerns; not public or general; <as>as, <ex>personal</ex> comfort; <ex>personal</ex> desire.</as></def>

<blockquote>The words are conditional, -- If thou doest well, -- and so <b>personal</b> to Cain.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pertaining to the external or bodily appearance; corporeal; <as>as, <ex>personal</ex> charms</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Done in person; without the intervention of another.</def> "<i>Personal</i> communication."

<i>Fabyan.</i>

<blockquote>The immediate and <b>personal</b> speaking of God.
<i>White.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Relating to an individual, his character, conduct, motives, or private affairs, in an invidious and offensive manner; <as>as, <ex>personal</ex> reflections or remarks</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Denoting person; <as>as, a <ex>personal</ex> pronoun</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Personal action</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a suit or action by which a man claims a debt or personal duty, or damages in lieu of it; or wherein he claims satisfaction in damages for an injury to his person or property, or the specific recovery of goods or chattels; -- opposed to <i>real action<i>.</cd> -- <col>Personal equation</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Equation</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Personal estate</col> &or; <col>property</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>movables; chattels; -- opposed to <i>real estate<i> or <i>property<i>. It usually consists of things temporary and movable, including all subjects of property not of a freehold nature.</cd> -- <col>Personal identity</col> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld>, <cd>the persistent and continuous unity of the individual person, which is attested by consciousness.</cd> -- <col>Personal pronoun</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>one of the pronouns <stype>I</stype>, <stype>thou</stype>, <stype>he</stype>, <stype>she</stype>, <stype>it</stype>, and their plurals.</cd> -- <col>Personal representatives</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the executors or administrators of a person deceased.</cd> -- <col>Personal rights</col>, <cd>rights appertaining to the person; as, the rights of a <i>personal<i> security, <i>personal<i> liberty, and private property.</cd> -- <col>Personal tithes</col>. <cd>See under <er>Tithe</er>.</cd> -- <col>Personal verb</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>a verb which is modified or inflected to correspond with the three persons.</cd></cs>

<h1>Personal</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per"son*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A movable; a chattel.</def>

<h1>Personalism</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per"son*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being personal; personality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Personality</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per`son*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Personalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>personnalit\'82</ets>. Cf. <er>Personality</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which constitutes distinction of person; individuality.</def>

<blockquote><b>Personality</b> is individuality existing in itself, but with a nature as a ground.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something said or written which refers to the person, conduct, etc., of some individual, especially something of a disparaging or offensive nature; personal remarks; <as>as, indulgence in <ex>personalities</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sharp <b>personalities</b> were exchanged.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>That quality of a law which concerns the condition, state, and capacity of persons.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Personalize</h1>
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<hw>Per"son*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Personalized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Personalizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To make personal.</def> "They <i>personalize</i> death."

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Personally</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per"son*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a personal manner; by bodily presence; in person; not by representative or substitute; <as>as, to deliver a letter <ex>personally</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>He, being cited, <b>personally</b> came not.
<i>Grafton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With respect to an individual; as regards the person; individually; particularly.</def>

<blockquote>She bore a mortal hatred to the house of Lancaster, and <b>personally</b> to the king.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>With respect to one's individuality; as regards one's self; <as>as, <ex>personally</ex> I have no feeling in the matter</as>.</def>

<h1>Personalty</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per"son*al*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being a person; personality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Personal property, as distinguished from realty or real property.</def>

<h1>Personate</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per"son*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Personated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Personating</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>personare</ets> to cry out, LL., to extol. See <er>Person</er>.]</ety> <def>To celebrate loudly; to extol; to praise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In fable, hymn, or song so <b>personating</b>
Their gods ridiculous.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Personate</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per"son*ate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>personatus</ets> masked, assumed, fictitious, fr. <ets>persona</ets> a mask. See <er>Person</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To assume the character of; to represent by a fictitious appearance; to act the part of; hence, to counterfeit; to feign; <as>as, he tried to <ex>personate</ex> his brother; a <ex>personated</ex> devotion.</as></def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To set forth in an unreal character; to disguise; to mask.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A <i>personated</i> mate."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To personify; to typify; to describe.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Personate</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per"son*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To play or assume a character.</def>

<h1>Personate</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per"son*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>personatus</ets> masked.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the throat of a bilabiate corolla nearly closed by a projection of the base of the lower lip; masked, as in the flower of the snapdragon.</def>

<h1>Personation</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per`son*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of personating, or conterfeiting the person or character of another.</def>

<h1>Personator</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per"son*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who personates.</def> "The <i>personators</i> of these actions."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Personeity</h1>
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<hw>Per`son*e"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Personality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Personification</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per*son`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>personnification</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of personifying; impersonation; embodiment.</def>

<i>C. Knight.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstract idea is represented as animated, or endowed with personality; prosopop<?/ia; <as>as, the floods clap their hands</as>.</def> "Confusion heards his voice."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Personifier</h1>
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<hw>Per*son"i*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who personifies.</def>

<h1>Personify</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per*son"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Personified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Personifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Person</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>personnifier</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To regard, treat, or represent as a person; to represent as a rational being.</def>

<blockquote>The poets take the liberty of <b>personifying</b> inanimate things.
<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be the embodiment or personification of; to impersonate; <as>as, he <ex>personifies</ex> the law</as>.</def>

<h1>Personize</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per"son*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To personify.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Milton has <b>personized</b> them.
<i>J. Richardson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Personnel</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per`son`nel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Personal</er>.]</ety> <def>The body of persons employed in some public service, as the army, navy, etc.; -- distinguished from <i>mat\'82riel</i>.</def>

<h1>Perspective</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per*spec"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perspicere</ets>, <ets>perspectum</ets>, to look through; <ets>per + spicere</ets>, <ets>specere</ets>, to look: cf. F. <ets>perspectif</ets>; or from E. <ets>perspective</ets>, n. See <er>Spy</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the science of vision; optical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to the art, or in accordance with the laws, of perspective.</def>

<cs><col>Perspective plane</col>, <cd>the plane or surface on which the objects are delineated, or the picture drawn; the plane of projection; -- distinguished from the <i>ground plane<i>, which is that on which the objects are represented as standing. When this plane is oblique to the principal face of the object, the perspective is called <i>oblique perspective<i>; when parallel to that face, <i>parallel perspective<i>.</cd> -- <col>Perspective shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any shell of the genus <spn>Solarium</spn> and allied genera. See <er>Solarium</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Perspective</h1>
<Xpage=1070>

<hw>Per*spec"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>perspective</ets>, fr. <ets>perspectif</ets>: cf. It. <ets>perspettiva</ets>. See <er>Perspective</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A glass through which objects are viewed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Not a <i>perspective</i>, but a mirror."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is seen through an opening; a view; a vista.</def> "The <i>perspective</i> of life."

<i>Goldsmith.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The effect of distance upon the appearance of objects, by means of which the eye recognized them as being at a more or less measurable distance. Hence, <i>a\'89rial perspective</i>, the assumed greater vagueness or uncertainty of outline in distant objects.</def>

<blockquote>A\'89rial <b>perspective</b> is the expression of space by any means whatsoever, sharpness of edge, vividness of color, etc.
<i>Ruskin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The art and the science of so delineating objects that they shall seem to grow smaller as they recede from the eye; -- called also <altname>linear perspective</altname>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A drawing in linear perspective.</def>

<cs><col>Isometrical perspective</col>, <cd>an inaccurate term for a mechanical way of representing objects in the direction of the diagonal of a cube.</cd> -- <col>Perspective glass</col>, <cd>a telescope which shows objects in the right position.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="1071">
Page 1071<p>

<h1>Perspectively</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per*spec"tive*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Optically; as through a glass.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>You see them <b>perspectively</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>According to the rules of perspective.</def>

<h1>Perspectograph</h1>
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<hw>Per*spec"to*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perspectus</ets> (p.p. of <ets>perspicere</ets> to look through) + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for obtaining, and transferring to a picture, the points and outlines of objects, so as to represent them in their proper geometrical relations as viewed from some one point.</def>

<h1>Perspectography</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per`spec*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science or art of delineating objects according to the laws of perspective; the theory of perspective.</def>

<h1>Perspicable</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per"spi*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perspicabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>perspicere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Discernible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Herbert.</i>

<h1>Perspicacious</h1>
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<hw>Per`spi*ca"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perspicax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, fr. <ets>perspicere</ets> to look through: cf. F. <ets>perspicace</ets>. See <er>Perspective</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the power of seeing clearly; quick-sighted; sharp of sight.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Of acute discernment; keen.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Per`spi*ca"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Per`spi*ca"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Perspicacity</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per`spi*cac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perspicacitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>perspicacit\'82</ets>. See <er>Perspicacious</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being perspicacious; acuteness of sight or of intelligence; acute discernment.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Perspicacy</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per"spi*ca*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Perspicacity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Perspicience</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per*spi"cience</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perspicientia</ets>, fr. <ets>perspiciens</ets>, p.p. of <ets>perspicere</ets>. See <er>Perspective</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of looking sharply.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Perspicil</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per"spi*cil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>perspicilla</ets>, fr. L. <ets>perspicere</ets> to look through.]</ety> <def>An optical glass; a telescope.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Crashaw.</i>

<h1>Perspicuity</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per`spi*cu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perspicuitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>perspicuit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being transparent or translucent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of being perspicuous to the understanding; clearness of expression or thought.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sagacity; perspicacity.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Clearness; perspicuousness; plainness; distinctness; lucidity; transparency. See <er>Clearness</er>.</syn>

<h1>Perspicuous</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per*spic"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perspicuus</ets>, from <ets>perspicere</ets> to look through. See <er>Perspective</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being through; transparent; translucent; not opaque.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Peacham.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Clear to the understanding; capable of being clearly understood; clear in thought or in expression; not obscure or ambiguous; <as>as, a <ex>perspicuous</ex> writer; <ex>perspicuous</ex> statements.</as></def> "The purpose is <i>perspicuous</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Per*spic"u*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Per*spic"u*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Perspirability</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per*spir`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being perspirable.</def>

<h1>Perspirable</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per*spir"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>perspirable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being perspired.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Emitting perspiration; perspiring.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Perspiration</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per`spi*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>perspiration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of perspiring.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is excreted through the skin; sweat.</def>

<note>&hand; A man of average weight throws off through the skin during 24 hours about 18 ounces of water, 300 grains of solid matter, and 400 grains of carbonic acid gas. Ordinarily, this constant exhalation is not apparent, and the excretion is then termed <i>insensible perspiration</i>.</note>

<h1>Perspirative</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per*spir"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Performing the act of perspiration; perspiratory.</def>

<h1>Perspiratory</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per*spir"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or producing, perspiration; <as>as, the <ex>perspiratory</ex> ducts</as>.</def>

<h1>Perspire</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per*spire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Perspired</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Perspiring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>perspirare</ets> to breathe through; <ets>per + spirare</ets>. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Spirit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To excrete matter through the skin; esp., to excrete fluids through the pores of the skin; to sweat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be evacuated or excreted, or to exude, through the pores of the skin; <as>as, a fluid <ex>perspires</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Perspire</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per*spire"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To emit or evacuate through the pores of the skin; to sweat; to excrete through pores.</def>

<blockquote>Firs . . . <b>perspire</b> a fine balsam of turpentine.
<i>Smollett.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Perstreperous</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per*strep"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perstrepere</ets> to make a great noise.]</ety> <def>Noisy; obstreperous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Perstringe</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per*stringe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perstringere</ets>; <ets>per + stringere</ets> to bind up, to touch upon.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To touch; to graze; to glance on.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To criticise; to touch upon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Persuadable</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per*suad"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be persuaded.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Per*suad"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Per*suad"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Persuade</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per*suade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Persuaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Persuading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>persuadere</ets>, <ets>persuasum</ets>; <ets>per + suadere</ets> to advise, persuade: cf. F. <ets>persuader</ets>. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Suasion</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To influence or gain over by argument, advice, entreaty, expostulation, etc.; to draw or incline to a determination by presenting sufficient motives.</def><-- "gain over" = win over, win to one's side -->

<blockquote>Almost thou <b>persuadest</b> me to be a Christian.
<i>Acts xxvi. 28.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We will <b>persuade</b> him, be it possible.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To try to influence.</def> <mark>[Obsolescent]</mark>

<blockquote>Hearken not unto Hezekiah, when he <b>persuadeth</b> you.
<i>2 Kings xviii. 32.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To convince by argument, or by reasons offered or suggested from reflection, etc.; to cause to believe.</def>

<blockquote>Beloved, we are <b>persuaded</b> better things of you.
<i>Heb. vi. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To inculcate by argument or expostulation; to advise; to recommend.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To convince; induce; prevail on; win over; allure; entice. See <er>Convince</er>.</syn>

<h1>Persuade</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per*suade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To use persuasion; to plead; to prevail by persuasion.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Persuade</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per*suade"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Persuasion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Persuaded</h1>
<Xpage=1071>

<hw>Per*suad"ed</hw>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Prevailed upon; influenced by argument or entreaty; convinced.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Per*suad"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Per*suad"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Persuader</h1>
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<hw>Per*suad"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, persuades or influences.</def> "Powerful <i>persuaders</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Persuasibility</h1>
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<hw>Per*sua`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capability of being persuaded.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Persuasible</h1>
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<hw>Per*sua"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>persuasibilis</ets> persuasive, F. <ets>persuasible</ets> persuasible.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being persuaded; persuadable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Persuasive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Per*sua"si*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Per*sua"si*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Persuasion</h1>
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<hw>Per*sua"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>persuasio</ets>; Cf. F. <ets>persuasion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of persuading; the act of influencing the mind by arguments or reasons offered, or by anything that moves the mind or passions, or inclines the will to a determination.</def>

<blockquote>For thou hast all the arts of fine <b>persuasion</b>.
<i>Otway.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being persuaded or convinced; settled opinion or conviction, which has been induced.</def>

<blockquote>If the general <b>persuasion</b> of all men does so account it.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My firm <b>persuasion</b> is, at least sometimes,
That Heaven will weigh man's virtues and his crimes
With nice attention.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A creed or belief; a sect or party adhering to a certain creed or system of opinions; <as>as, of the same <ex>persuasion</ex>; all <ex>persuasions</ex> are agreed.</as></def>

<blockquote>Of whatever state or <b>persuasion</b>, religious or political.
<i>Jefferson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The power or quality of persuading; persuasiveness.</def>

<blockquote>Is 't possible that my deserts to you
Can lack <b>persuasion</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which persuades; a persuasive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Conviction</er>.</syn>

<h1>Persuasive</h1>
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<hw>Per*sua"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>persuasif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to persuade; having the power of persuading; <as>as, <ex>persuasive</ex> eloquence</as>.</def> "<i>Persuasive</i> words."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Persuasive</h1>
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<hw>Per*sua"sive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which persuades; an inducement; an incitement; an exhortation.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Per*sua"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Per*sua"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Persuasory</h1>
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<hw>Per*sua"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Persuasive.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Persulphate</h1>
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<hw>Per*sul"phate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A sulphate of the peroxide of any base.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Persulphide</h1>
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<hw>Per*sul"phide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A sulphide containing more sulphur than some other compound of the same elements; <as>as, iron pyrites is a <ex>persulphide</ex></as>; -- formerly called <altname>persulphuret</altname>.</def>

<h1>Persulphocyanate</h1>
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<hw>Per*sul`pho*cy"a*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of persulphocyanic acid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Persulphocyanic</h1>
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<hw>Per*sul`pho*cy*an"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a yellow crystalline substance (called also <i>perthiocyanic acid</i>), analogous to sulphocyanic acid, but containing more sulphur.</def>

<h1>Persulphocyanogen</h1>
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<hw>Per*sul`pho*cy*an"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An orange-yellow substance, produced by the action of chlorine or boiling dilute nitric acid and sulphocyanate of potassium; -- called also <altname>pseudosulphocyanogen</altname>, <altname>perthiocyanogen</altname>, and formerly <altname>sulphocyanogen</altname>.</def>

<h1>Persulphuret</h1>
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<hw>Per*sul"phu*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A persulphide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pert</h1>
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<hw>Pert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[An aphetic form of OE. & OF. <ets>apert</ets> open, known, true, free, or impudent. See <er>Apert</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Open; evident; apert.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lively; brisk; sprightly; smart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Indecorously free, or presuming; saucy; bold; impertinent.</def> "A very <i>pert</i> manner."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>The squirrel, flippant, <b>pert</b>, and full of play.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pert</h1>
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<hw>Pert</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To behave with pertness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gauden.</i>

<h1>Pertain</h1>
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<hw>Per*tain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pertained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pertaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>partenen</ets>, OF. <ets>partenir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pertinere</ets> to stretch out, reach, pertain; <ets>per + tenere</ets> to hold, keep. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Tenable</er>, and cf. <er>Appertain</er>, <er>Pertinent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To belong; to have connection with, or dependence on, something, as an appurtenance, attribute, etc.; to appertain; <as>as, saltness <ex>pertains</ex> to the ocean; flowers <ex>pertain</ex> to plant life.</as></def>

<blockquote>Men hate those who affect that honor by ambition which <b>pertaineth</b> not to them.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have relation or reference to something.</def>

<blockquote>These words <b>pertain</b> unto us at this time as they <b>pertained</b> to them at their time.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Perterebration</h1>
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<hw>Per*ter`e*bra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perterebratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>perterebrare</ets> to bore through.]</ety> <def>The act of boring through.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Perthiocyanogen</h1>
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<hw>Per*thi`o*cy*an"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Persulphocyanogen</er>.</def>

<h1>Perthite</h1>
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<hw>Perth"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from <ets>Perth</ets>, in canada.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A kind of feldspar consisting of a laminated intertexture of albite and orthoclase, usually of different colors.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Per*thit"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pertinacious</h1>
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<hw>Per`ti*na"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>pertinax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>; <ets>per + tenax</ets> tenacious. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Tenacious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Holding or adhering to any opinion, purpose, or design, with obstinacy; perversely persistent; obstinate; <as>as, <ex>pertinacious</ex> plotters; a <ex>pertinacious</ex> beggar.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resolute; persevering; constant; steady.</def>

<blockquote>Diligence is a steady, constant, and <b>pertinacious</b> study.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Obstinate; stubborn; inflexible; unyielding; resolute; determined; firm; constant; steady.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Per`ti*na"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Per`ti*na"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pertinacity</h1>
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<hw>Per`ti*nac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pertinacit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being pertinacious; obstinacy; perseverance; persistency.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Obstinacy</er>.</syn>

<h1>Pertinacy</h1>
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<hw>Per"ti*na*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pertinere</ets> to pertain. See <er>Pertinence</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being pertinent; pertinence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pertinacy</h1>
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<hw>Per"ti*na*cy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pertinacia</ets>, fr. <ets>pertinax</ets>. See <er>Pertinacious</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertinacity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pertinate</h1>
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<hw>Per"ti*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertinacious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pertinately</h1>
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<hw>Per"ti*nate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Pertinaciously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pertinence, Pertinency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Per"ti*nence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Per"ti*nen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pertinence</ets>. See <er>Pertinent</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being pertinent; justness of relation to the subject or matter in hand; fitness; appositeness; relevancy; suitableness.</def>

<blockquote>The fitness and <b>pertinency</b> of the apostle's discourse.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pertinent</h1>
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<hw>Per"ti*nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pertinens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>pertinere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pertinent</ets>. See <er>Pertain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging or related to the subject or matter in hand; fit or appropriate in any way; adapted to the end proposed; apposite; material; relevant; <as>as, <ex>pertinent</ex> illustrations or arguments; <ex>pertinent</ex> evidence.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Regarding; concerning; belonging; pertaining.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Pertinent</i> unto faith."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Apposite; relevant; suitable; appropriate; fit.</syn>

 -- <wordforms><wf>Per"ti*nent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Per"ti*nent*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pertly</h1>
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<hw>Pert"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pert manner.</def>

<h1>Pertness</h1>
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<hw>Pert"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being pert.</def>

<h1>Pertransient</h1>
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<hw>Per*tran"sient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pertransiens</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>pertransire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Passing through or over.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Perturb</h1>
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<hw>Per*turb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perturbare</ets>, <ets>perturbatum</ets>; <ets>per + turbare</ets> to disturb, fr. <ets>turba</ets> a disorder: cf. OF. <ets>perturber</ets>. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Turbid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To disturb; to agitate; to vex; to trouble; to disquiet.</def>

<blockquote>Ye that . . . <b>perturb</b> so my feast with crying.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To disorder; to confuse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Perturbability</h1>
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<hw>Per*turb`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being perturbable.</def>

<h1>Perturbable</h1>
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<hw>Per*turb"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Liable to be perturbed or agitated; liable to be disturbed or disquieted.</def>

<h1>Perturbance</h1>
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<hw>Per*turb"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Disturbance; perturbation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Perturbance</i> of the mind."

<i>Sharp.</i>

<h1>Perturbate</h1>
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<hw>Per"tur*bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>perturbatus</ets>, p.p.]</ety> <def>To perturb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Perturbate</h1>
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<hw>Per"tur*bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Perturbed; agitated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Perturbation</h1>
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<hw>Per`tur*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perturbatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>perturbation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of perturbing, or the state of being perturbed; esp., agitation of mind.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A disturbance in the regular elliptic or other motion of a heavenly body, produced by some force additional to that which causes its regular motion; <as>as, the <ex>perturbations</ex> of the planets are caused by their attraction on each other</as>.</def>

<i>Newcomb.</i>

<h1>Perturbational</h1>
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<hw>Per`tur*ba"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to perturbation, esp. to the perturbations of the planets.</def> "The <i>perturbational</i> theory."

<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i>

<h1>Perturbative</h1>
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<hw>Per"tur*ba*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to cause perturbation; disturbing.</def>

<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i>

<h1>Perturbator</h1>
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<hw>Per"tur*ba`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A perturber.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Perturbed</h1>
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<hw>Per*turbed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Agitated; disturbed; troubled.</def> <i>Shak.</i> -- <wordforms><wf>Per*turb"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Perturber</h1>
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<hw>Per*turb"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, perturbs, or cause perturbation.</def>

<h1>Pertusate</h1>
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<hw>Per*tus"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pertuse</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pierced at the apex.</def>

<h1>Pertuse, Pertused</h1>
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<hw><hw>Per*tuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Per*tused"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pertusus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>pertundere</ets> to beat or thrust through, to bore through; <ets>per + tundere</ets> to beat: cf. F. <ets>pertus</ets>. Cf. <er>Pierce</er>.]</ety> <def>Punched; pierced with, or having, holes.</def>

<h1>Pertusion</h1>
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<hw>Per*tu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pertusio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of punching or piercing with a pointed instrument; <as>as, <ex>pertusion</ex> of a vein</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A punched hole; a perforation.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Pertussis</h1>
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<hw>Per*tus"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>per</ets> through, very + <ets>tussis</ets> cough.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The whooping cough.</def>

<h1>Peruke</h1>
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<hw>Per"uke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>perruque</ets>, It. <ets>perrucca</ets>, <ets>parrucca</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pilus</ets> hair. Cf. <er>Periwig</er>, <er>Wig</er>, <er>Peel</er> to strip off, <er>Plush</er>, <er>Pile</er> a hair.]</ety> <def>A wig; a periwig.</def>

<h1>Peruke</h1>
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<hw>Per"uke</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dress with a peruke.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Perula</h1>
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<hw>Per"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Perul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>pera</ets> wallet, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>p\'82rule</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the scales of a leaf bud.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A pouchlike portion of the perianth in certain orchides.</def>

<h1>Perule</h1>
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<hw>Per"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Perula</er>.</def>

<h1>Perusal</h1>
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<hw>Pe*rus"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Peruse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of carefully viewing or examining.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tatler.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of reading, especially of reading through or with care.</def>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Peruse</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ruse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Perused</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Perusing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>per-</ets> + <ets>use</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To observe; to examine with care.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Myself I then <b>perused</b>, and limb by limb
Surveyed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To read through; to read carefully.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Peruser</h1>
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<hw>Pe*rus"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who peruses.</def>

<h1>Peruvian</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ru"vi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82ruvien</ets>, Sp. <ets>peruviano</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Peru, in South America.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or an inhabitant of Peru.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Peruvian balsam</col>. <cd>See <cref>Balsam of Peru</cref>, under <er>Balsam</er>.</cd> -- <col>Peruvian bark</col>, <cd>the bitter bark of trees of various species of Cinchona. It acts as a powerful tonic, and is a remedy for malarial diseases. This property is due to several alkaloids, as quinine, cinchonine, etc., and their compounds; -- called also <altname>Jesuit's bark</altname>, and <altname>cinchona</altname>. See <er>Cinchona</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pervade</h1>
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<hw>Per*vade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pervaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pervading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>pervadere</ets>, <ets>pervasum</ets>; <ets>per + vadere</ets> to go, to walk. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Wade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pass or flow through, as an aperture, pore, or interstice; to permeate.</def>

<blockquote>That labyrinth is easily <b>pervaded</b>.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pass or spread through the whole extent of; to be diffused throughout.</def>

<blockquote>A spirit of cabal, intrigue, and proselytism <b>pervaded</b> all their thoughts, words, and actions.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pervasion</h1>
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<hw>Per*va"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pervasio</ets>. See <er>Pervade</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of pervading, passing, or spreading through the whole extent of a thing.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Pervasive</h1>
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<hw>Per*va"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to pervade, or having power to spread throughout; of a pervading quality.</def> "Civilization <i>pervasive</i> and general."

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

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<h1>Perverse</h1>
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<hw>Per*verse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perversus</ets> turned the wrong way, not right, p.p. of <ets>pervertere</ets>to turn around, to overturn: cf. F. <ets>pervers</ets>. See <er>Pervert</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted.</def>

<blockquote>The only righteous in a word <b>perverse</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Obstinate in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary.</def>

<blockquote>To so <b>perverse</b> a sex all grace is vain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Froward; untoward; wayward; stubborn; ungovernable; intractable; cross; petulant; vexatious.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Perverse</er>, <er>Froward</er>. One who is <i>froward</i> is capricious, and reluctant to obey. One who is <i>perverse</i> has a settled obstinacy of will, and likes or dislikes by the rule of contradiction to the will of others.</usage>

<h1>Perversed</h1>
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<hw>Per*versed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Turned aside.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Perversedly</h1>
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<hw>Per*vers"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Perversely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Perversely</h1>
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<hw>Per*verse"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a perverse manner.</def>

<h1>Perverseness</h1>
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<hw>Per*verse"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being perverse.</def> "Virtue hath some <i>perverseness</i>."

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Perversion</h1>
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<hw>Per*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perversio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>perversion</ets>. See <er>Pervert</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of perverting, or the state of being perverted; a turning from truth or right; a diverting from the true intent or object; a change to something worse; a turning or applying to a wrong end or use.</def> "Violations and <i>perversions</i> of the laws."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Perversity</h1>
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<hw>Per*ver"si*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>perversitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>perversit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being perverse; perverseness.</def>

<h1>Perversive</h1>
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<hw>Per*ver"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Tending to pervert.</def>

<h1>Pervert</h1>
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<hw>Per*vert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Perverted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Perverting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>pervertir</ets>, L. <ets>pervertere</ets>, <ets>perversum</ets>; <ets>per + vertere</ets> to turn. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Verse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To turnanother way; to divert.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Let's follow him, and <b>pervert</b> the present wrath.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To turn from truth, rectitude, or propriety; to divert from a right use, end, or way; to lead astray; to corrupt; also, to misapply; to misinterpret designedly; <as>as, to <ex>pervert</ex> one's words</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>He, in the serpent, had <b>perverted</b> Eve.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pervert</h1>
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<hw>Per*vert"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become perverted; to take the wrong course.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Testament of Love.</i>

<h1>Pervert</h1>
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<hw>Per"vert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who has been perverted; one who has turned to error, especially in religion; -- opposed to <i>convert</i>. See the Synonym of <er>Convert</er>.</def>

<blockquote>That notorious <b>pervert</b>, Henry of Navarre.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Perverter</h1>
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<hw>Per*vert"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who perverts (a person or thing).</def> "His own parents his <i>perverters</i>." <i>South</i>. "A <i>perverter</i> of his law." <i>Bp. Stillingfleet</i>.

<h1>Pervertible</h1>
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<hw>Per*vert"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being perverted.</def>

<h1>Pervestigate</h1>
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<hw>Per*ves"ti*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pervestigatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>pervestigare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To investigate thoroughly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pervestigation</h1>
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<hw>Per*ves`ti*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pervestigatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Thorough investigation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chillingworth.</i>

<h1>Pervial</h1>
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<hw>Per"vi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pervious</er>.]</ety> <def>Pervious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Per"vi*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Pervicacious</h1>
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<hw>Per`vi*ca"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pervicax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Obstinate; willful; refractory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Per`vi*ca"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Per`vi*ca"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Pervicacity</h1>
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<hw>Per`vi*cac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Obstinacy; pervicaciousness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Pervicacy</h1>
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<hw>Per"vi*ca*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pervicacia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pervicacity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pervigilation</h1>
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<hw>Per*vig`i*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pervigilatio</ets>, fr. <ets>pervigilare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Careful watching.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pervious</h1>
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<hw>Per"vi*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pervis</ets>; <ets>per + via</ets> a way. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Voyage</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Admitting passage; capable of being penetrated by another body or substance; permeable; <as>as, a <ex>pervious</ex> soil</as>.</def>

<blockquote>[Doors] . . . <b>pervious</b> to winds, and open every way.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being penetrated, or seen through, by physical or mental vision.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>God, whose secrets are <b>pervious</b> to no eye.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Capable of penetrating or pervading.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Open; -- used synonymously with <i>perforate</i>, as applied to the nostrils or birds.</def>

<h1>Perviousness</h1>
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<hw>Per"vi*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being pervious; <as>as, the <ex>perviousness</ex> of glass</as>.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Pervis</h1>
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<hw>Per"vis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Parvis</er>.</def>

<h1>Pery</h1>
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<hw>Per"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pear tree. See <er>Pirie</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pes</h1>
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<hw>Pes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pedes</plw> </plu>. <ety>[L., the foot.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The distal segment of the hind limb of vertebrates, including the tarsus and foot.</def>

<h1>Pesade</h1>
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<hw>Pe*sade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>The motion of a horse when, raising his fore quarters, he keeps his hind feet on the ground without advancing; rearing.</def>

<h1>Pesage</h1>
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<hw>Pes"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>peser</ets> to weigh.]</ety> <def>A fee, or toll, paid for the weighing of merchandise.</def>

<h1>Pesane</h1>
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<hw>Pes"ane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anc. Armor.)</fld> <def>See <er>Pusane</er>.</def>

<h1>Pesanted</h1>
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<hw>Pes"ant*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pesant</ets> heavy.]</ety> <def>Made heavy or dull; debased.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Pesanted</i> to each lewd thought's control."

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Peschito</h1>
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<hw>Pe*schit"o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Peshito</er>.</def>

<h1>Pese</h1>
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<hw>Pese</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pea</er>.]</ety> <def>A pea.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Peseta</h1>
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<hw>Pe*se"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A Spanish silver coin, and money of account, equal to about nineteen cents, and divided into 100 centesimos.</def>

<h1>Peshito, Peshitto</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pe*shit"o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pe*shit"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Syriac <ets>pesh\'8ct\'83</ets> simple.]</ety> <def>The earliest Syriac version of the Old Testament, translated from Hebrew; also, the incomplete Syriac version of the New Testament.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>peschito</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pesky</h1>
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<hw>Pes"ky</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Pestering; vexatious; troublesome. Used also as an intensive.</def> <mark>[Colloq. & Low, U.S.]</mark>

<i>Judd.</i>

<h1>Peso</h1>
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<hw>Pe"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A Spanish dollar; also, an Argentine, Chilian, Colombian, etc., coin, equal to from 75 cents to a dollar; also, a pound weight.</def>

<h1>Pessary</h1>
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<hw>Pes"sa*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pessaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>pessarium</ets>, <ets>pessum</ets>, <ets>pessus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>pessaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument or device to be introduced into and worn in the vagina, to support the uterus, or remedy a malposition.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A medicinal substance in the form of a bolus or mass, designed for introduction into the vagina; a vaginal suppository.</def>

<h1>Pessimism</h1>
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<hw>Pes"si*mism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pessimus</ets> worst, superl. of <ets>pejor</ets> worse: cf. F. <ets>pessimisme</ets>. Cf. <er>Impair</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The opinion or doctrine that everything in nature is ordered for or tends to the worst, or that the world is wholly evil; -- opposed to <ant>optimism</ant>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A disposition to take the least hopeful view of things.</def>

<h1>Pessimist</h1>
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<hw>Pes"si*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pessimus</ets> worst: cf. F. <ets>pessimiste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>One who advocates the doctrine of pessimism; -- opposed to <ant>optimist</ant>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who looks on the dark side of things.</def>

<h1>Pessimist, Pessimistic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pes"si*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pes`si*mis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to pessimism; characterized by pessimism; gloomy; foreboding.</def> "Giving utterance to <i>pessimistic</i> doubt."

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Pessimistical</h1>
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<hw>Pes`si*mis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pessimistic.</def>

<h1>Pessimize</h1>
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<hw>Pes"si*mize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To hold or advocate the doctrine of pessimism.</def>

<i>London Sat. Rev.</i>

<h1>Pessulus</h1>
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<hw>Pes"su*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pessuli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a bolt.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A delicate bar of cartilage connecting the dorsal and ventral extremities of the first pair of bronchial cartilages in the syrinx of birds.</def>

<h1>Pest</h1>
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<hw>Pest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pestis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>peste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fatal epidemic disease; a pestilence; specif., the plague.</def>

<blockquote>England's sufferings by that scourge, the <b>pest</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything which resembles a pest; one who, or that which, is troublesome, noxious, mischievous, or destructive; a nuisance.</def> "A <i>pest</i> and public enemy."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Pestalozzian</h1>
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<hw>Pes`ta*loz"zi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to, or characteristic of, a system of elementary education which combined manual training with other instruction, advocated and practiced by Jean Henri <i>Pestalozzi</i> (1746-1827), a Swiss teacher.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An advocate or follower of the system of Pestalozzi.</def></def2>

<h1>Pestalozzianism</h1>
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<hw>Pes`ta*loz"zi*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The system of education introduced by Pestalozzi.</def>

<h1>Pester</h1>
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<hw>Pes"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pestered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pestering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>impester</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>empaistrier</ets>, <ets>empestrer</ets>, to entangle the feet or legs, to embarrass, F. <ets>emp</ets>\'88<ets>trer</ets>; pref. <ets>em-</ets>, <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets> in) + LL. <ets>pastorium</ets>, <ets>pastoria</ets>, a fetter by which horses are prevented from wandering in the pastures, fr. L. <ets>pastorius</ets> belonging to a herdsman or shepherd, <ets>pastor</ets> a herdsman. See <er>In</er>, and <er>Pasture</er>, <er>Pastor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To trouble; to disturb; to annoy; to harass with petty vexations.</def>

<blockquote>We are <b>pestered</b> with mice and rats.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A multitude of scribblers daily <b>pester</b> the world.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To crowd together in an annoying way; to overcrowd; to infest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>All rivers and pools . . . <b>pestered</b> full with fishes.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pesterer</h1>
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<hw>Pes"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pesters or harasses.</def>

<h1>Pesterment</h1>
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<hw>Pes"ter*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of pestering, or the state of being pestered; vexation; worry.</def> "The trouble and <i>pesterment</i> of children."

<i>B. Franklin.</i>

<h1>Pesterous</h1>
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<hw>Pes"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Inclined to pester. Also, vexatious; encumbering; burdensome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Pestful</h1>
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<hw>Pest"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pestiferous.</def> "After long and <i>pestful</i> calms."

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Pesthouse</h1>
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<hw>Pest`house"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house or hospital for persons who are infected with any pestilential disease.</def>

<h1>Pestiduct</h1>
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<hw>Pes"ti*duct</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pestis</ets> pest + <ets>ductus</ets> a leading, fr. <ets>ducere</ets> to lead.]</ety> <def>That which conveys contagion or infection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Pestiferous</h1>
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<hw>Pes*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pestiferus</ets>, <ets>pestifer</ets>; <ets>pestis</ets> pest + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>pestif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pest-bearing; pestilential; noxious to health; malignant; infectious; contagious; <as>as, <ex>pestiferous</ex> bodies</as>.</def> "Poor, <i>pestiferous</i> creatures begging alms." <i>Evelyn</i>. "Unwholesome and <i>pestiferous</i> occupations." <i>Burke</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Noxious to peace, to morals, or to society; vicious; hurtful; destructive; <as>as, a <ex>pestiferous</ex> demagogue</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Pestiferous</b> reports of men very nobly held.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pestiferously</h1>
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<hw>Pes*tif"er*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pestiferuos manner.</def>

<h1>Pestilence</h1>
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<hw>Pes"ti*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pestilence</ets>, L. <ets>pestilentia</ets>. See <er>Pestilent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Specifically, the disease known as the plague; hence, any contagious or infectious epidemic disease that is virulent and devastating.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>pestilence</b> That walketh in darkness.
<i>Ps. xci. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: That which is pestilent, noxious, or pernicious to the moral character of great numbers.</def>

<blockquote>I'll pour this <b>pestilence</b> into his ear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Pestilence weed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the butterbur coltsfoot (<spn>Petasites vulgaris</spn>), so called because formerly considered a remedy for the plague.</cd></cs>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Pestilent</h1>
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<hw>Pes"ti*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pestilens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, fr. <ets>pestis</ets> pest: cf. F. <ets>pestilent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pestilential; noxious; pernicious; mischievous.</def> "Corrupt and <i>pestilent</i>." <i>Milton</i>. "What a <i>pestilent</i> knave is this same!"

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pestilential</h1>
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<hw>Pes`ti*len"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pestilentiel</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the nature or qualities of a pestilence.</def> "Sends the <i>pestilential</i> vapors."

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Mischievous; noxious; pernicious; morally destructive.</def>

<blockquote>So <b>pestilential</b>, so infectious a thing is sin.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pestilentially</h1>
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<hw>Pes`ti*len"tial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Pestilently.</def>

<h1>Pestilentious</h1>
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<hw>Pes`ti*len"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pestilential.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pestilently</h1>
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<hw>Pes"ti*lent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pestilent manner; mischievously; destructively.</def> "Above all measure <i>pestilently</i> noisome."

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Pestilentness</h1>
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<hw>Pes"ti*lent*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being pestilent.</def>

<h1>Pestilation</h1>
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<hw>Pes`ti*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>pestillum</ets>, L. <ets>pistillum</ets>. See <er>Pestle</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of pounding and bruising with a pestle in a mortar.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Pestle</h1>
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<hw>Pes"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pestel</ets>, OF. <ets>pestel</ets>, LL. <ets>pestellum</ets>, L. <ets>pistillum</ets>, <ets>pistillus</ets>, a pounder, pestle, fr. <ets>pisere</ets>, <ets>pinsere</ets>, to pound, crush, akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>pish</ets>. Cf. <er>Pistil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An implement for pounding and breaking or braying substances in a mortar.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A constable's or bailiff's staff; -- so called from its shape.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The leg and leg bone of an animal, especially of a pig; <as>as, a <ex>pestle</ex> of pork</as>.</def>

<h1>Pestle</h1>
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<hw>Pes"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pestled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pestling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To pound, pulverize, bray, or mix with a pestle, or as with a pestle; to use a pestle.</def>

<h1>Pet</h1>
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<hw>Pet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formerly <ets>peat</ets>, perhaps from Ir. <ets>peat</ets>, akin to Gael. <ets>peata</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cade lamb; a lamb brought up by hand.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any person or animal especially cherished and indulged; a fondling; a darling; often, a favorite child.</def>

<blockquote>The love of cronies, <b>pets</b>, and favorites.
<i>Tatler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Prob. fr. <er>Pet</er> a fondling, hence, the behavior or humor of a spoiled child.]</ety> <def>A slight fit of peevishness or fretfulness.</def> "In a <i>pet</i> she started up."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Pet</h1>
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<hw>Pet</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Petted; indulged; admired; cherished; <as>as, a <ex>pet</ex> child; a <ex>pet</ex> lamb; a <ex>pet</ex> theory.</as></def>

<blockquote>Some young lady's <b>pet</b> curate.
<i>F. Harrison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Pet cock</col>. <ety>[Perh. for <ets>petty cock<ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <cd>A little faucet in a water pipe or pump, to let air out, or at the end of a steam cylinder, to drain it.</cd></cs><-- also petcock -->

<h1>Pet</h1>
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<hw>Pet</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Petted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Petting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To treat as a pet; to fondle; to indulge; <as>as, she was <ex>petted</ex> and spoiled</as>.</def>

<h1>Pet</h1>
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<hw>Pet</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be a pet.</def>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Petal</h1>
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<hw>Pet"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a leaf, a leaf or plate of metal, fr. <?/ outspread, broad, flat: cf. F. <ets>p\'82tale</ets>. See <er>Fathom</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the leaves of the corolla, or the colored leaves of a flower. See <er>Corolla</er>, and <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Flower</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the expanded ambulacra which form a rosette on the black of certain Echini.</def>

<h1>Petaled</h1>
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<hw>Pet"aled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having petals; <as>as, a <ex>petaled</ex> flower</as>; -- opposed to <ant>apetalous</ant>, and much used in compounds; <as>as, one-<ex>petaled</ex>, three-<ex>petaled</ex>, etc</as>.</def>

<h1>Petaliferous</h1>
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<hw>Pet`al*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Petal</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing petals.</def>

<h1>Petaliform</h1>
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<hw>Pe*tal"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a petal; petaloid; petal-shaped.</def>

<h1>Petaline</h1>
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<hw>Pet"al*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82talin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a petal; attached to, or resembling, a petal.</def>

<h1>Petalism</h1>
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<hw>Pet"al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a leaf: cf. F. <ets>p\'82talisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A form of sentence among the ancient Syracusans by which they banished for five years a citizen suspected of having dangerous influence or ambition. It was similar to the <i>ostracism</i> in Athens; but olive leaves were used instead of shells for ballots.</def>

<h1>Petalite</h1>
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<hw>Pet"al*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82talite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A rare mineral, occurring crystallized and in cleavable masses, usually white, or nearly so, in color. It is a silicate of aluminia and lithia.</def>

<h1>Petalody</h1>
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<hw>Pe*tal"o*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Petal</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The metamorphosis of various floral organs, usually stamens, into petals.</def>

<h1>Petaloid</h1>
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<hw>Pet"al*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Petal</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>p\'82talo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Petaline.</def>

<h1>Petaloideous</h1>
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<hw>Pet`al*oid"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the whole or part of the perianth petaline.</def>

<cs><col>Petaloideous division</col>, <cd>that division of endogenous plants in which the perianth is wholly or partly petaline, embracing the <spn>Liliace\'91</spn>, <spn>Orchidace\'91</spn>, <spn>Amaryllide\'91</spn>, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Petalosticha</h1>
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<hw>Pet`a*los"ti*cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a leaf + <?/ a row.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Echini, including the irregular sea urchins, as the spatangoids. See <er>Spatangoid</er>.</def>

<h1>Petalous</h1>
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<hw>Pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having petals; petaled; -- opposed to <ant>apetalous</ant>.</def>

<h1>Petalum</h1>
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<hw>Pet"a*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Petala</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A petal.</def>

<h1>Petar</h1>
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<hw>Pe*tar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Petard</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Hoist with his own <i>petar</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Petard</h1>
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<hw>Pe*tard"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'82tard</ets>, fr. <ets>p\'82ter</ets> to break wind, to crack, to explode, L. <ets>pedere</ets>, <ets>peditum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A case containing powder to be exploded, esp. a conical or cylindrical case of metal filled with powder and attached to a plank, to be exploded against and break down gates, barricades, drawbridges, etc.  It has been superseded.</def>

<h1>Petardeer, Petardier</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pet`ar*deer"</hw>, <hw>Pet`ar*dier"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'82tardier</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>One who managed a petard.</def>

<h1>Petasus</h1>
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<hw>Pet"a*sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. & Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The winged cap of Mercury; also, a broad-brimmed, low-crowned hat worn by Greeks and Romans.</def>

<h1>Petaurist</h1>
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<hw>Pe*tau"rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>petaurista</ets> a ropedancer, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to dance on a rope, fr. <?/ a pole, a stage for ropedancers: cf. F. <ets>p\'82tauriste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any flying marsupial of the genera <spn>Petaurus</spn>, <spn>Phalangista</spn>, <spn>Acrobata</spn>, and allied genera. See <cref>Flying mouse</cref>, under <er>Flying</er>, and <er>Phalangister</er>.</def>

<h1>Petechi\'91</h1>
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<hw>Pe*tech"i*\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Petechia</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <ety>[NL., fr. LL. <ets>peteccia</ets>; cf. F. <ets>p\'82t\'82chie</ets>, It. <ets>petecchia</ets>, Sp. <ets>petequia</ets>, Gr. <?/ a label, plaster.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Small crimson, purple, or livid spots, like flea-bites, due to extravasation of blood, which appear on the skin in malignant fevers, etc.</def>

<h1>Petechial</h1>
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<hw>Pe*tech"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82t\'82chial</ets>, LL. <ets>petecchialis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Characterized by, or pertaining to, petechi\'91; spotted.</def>

<cs><col>Petechial fever</col>, <cd>a malignant fever, accompanied with livid spots on the skin.</cd></cs>

<h1>Peter</h1>
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<hw>Pe"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A common baptismal name for a man. The name of one of the apostles,</def>

<cs><col>Peter boat</col>, <cd>a fishing boat, sharp at both ends, originally of the Baltic Sea, but now common in certain English rivers.</cd> -- <col>Peter Funk</col>, <cd>the auctioneer in a mock auction.</cd> <mark>[Cant, U.S.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>Peter pence</col>, &or; <col>Peter's pence</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An annual tax or tribute, formerly paid by the English people to the pope, being a penny for every house, payable on Lammas or St.Peter's day; -- called also <altname>Rome scot</altname>, and <altname>hearth money</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In modern times, a voluntary contribution made by Roman Catholics to the private purse of the pope.</cd> -- <col>Peter's fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a haddock; -- so called because the black spots, one on each side, behind the gills, are traditionally said to have been caused by the fingers of St. Peter, when he caught the fish to pay the tribute. The name is applied, also, to other fishes having similar spots.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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Page 1073<p>

<h1>Peter</h1>
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<hw>Pet"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Petered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Petering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>To become exhausted; to run out; to fail; -- used generally with <i>out</i>; <as>as, that mine has <ex>petered</ex> out</as>.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Peterel</h1>
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<hw>Pet"er*el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Petrel</er>.</def>

<h1>Peterero</h1>
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<hw>Pet`e*re"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>See <er>Pederero</er>.</def>

<h1>Peterman</h1>
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<hw>Pe"ter*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Petermen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A fisherman; -- so called after the apostle Peter.</def> <mark>[An obs. local term in Eng.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Petersham</h1>
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<hw>Pe"ter*sham</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named after Lord <ets>Petersham</ets>.]</ety> <def>A rough, knotted woolen cloth, used chiefly for men's overcoats; also, a coat of that material.</def>

<h1>Peterwort</h1>
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<hw>Pe"ter*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Saint Peter's-wort</cref>, under <er>Saint</er>.</def>

<h1>Petiolar, Petiolary</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pet"i*o*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pet"i*o*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82tiolarie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to petiole, or proceeding from it; <as>as, a <ex>petiolar</ex> tendril</as>; growing or supported upon a petiole; <as>as, a <ex>petiolar</ex> gland; a <ex>petiolar</ex> bud.</as></def>

<h1>Petiolate, Petiolated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pet"i*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pet"i*o*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a stalk or petiole; <as>as, a <ex>petioleate</ex> leaf; the <ex>petiolated</ex> abdomen of certain Hymenoptera.</as></def>

<h1>Petiole</h1>
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<hw>Pet"i*ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'82tiole</ets>, fr. L. <ets>petiolus</ets> a little foot, a fruit stalk; cf. <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, a foot.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leafstalk; the footstalk of a leaf, connecting the blade with the stem. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Leaf</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A stalk or peduncle.</def>

<h1>Petioled</h1>
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<hw>Pet"i*oled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Petiolate.</def>

<h1>Petiolulate</h1>
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<hw>Pet`i*ol"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Supported by its own petiolule.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Petiolule</h1>
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<hw>Pet"i*o*lule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82tiolule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small petiole, or the petiole of a leaflet.</def>

<h1>Petit</h1>
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<hw>Pet"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Petty</er>.]</ety> <def>Small; little; insignificant; mean; -- Same as <er>Petty</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs., except in legal language.]</mark>

<blockquote>By what small, <b>petit</b> hints does the mind catch hold of and recover a vanishing notion.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Petit constable</col>, <cd>an inferior civil officer, subordinate to the high constable.</cd> -- <col>Petit jury</col>, <cd>a jury of twelve men, impaneled to try causes at the bar of a court; -- so called in distinction from the <i>grand jury<i>.</cd> -- <col>Petit larceny</col>, <cd>the stealing of goods of, or under, a certain specified small value; -- opposed to <i>grand larceny<i>. The distinction is abolished in England.</cd> -- <col>Petit ma\'8ctre</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <ety>[F., lit., little master.]</ety> <cd>A fop; a coxcomb; a ladies' man. <i>Goldsmith</i>.</cd> -- <col>Petit serjeanty</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>the tenure of lands of the crown, by the service of rendering annually some implement of war, as a bow, an arrow, a sword, a flag, etc.</cd> -- <col>Petit treason</col>, <cd>formerly, in England, the crime of killing a person to whom the offender owed duty or subjection, as one's husband, master, mistress, etc. The crime is now not distinguished from murder.</cd></cs>

<h1>Petition</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ti"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'82tition</ets>, L. <ets>petitio</ets>, fr. <ets>petere</ets>, <ets>petitum</ets>, to beg, ask, seek; perh. akin to E. <ets>feather</ets>, or <ets>find</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A prayer; a supplication; an imploration; an entreaty; especially, a request of a solemn or formal kind; a prayer to the Supreme Being, or to a person of superior power, rank, or authority; also, a single clause in such a prayer.</def>

<blockquote>A house of prayer and <b>petition</b> for thy people.
<i>1 Macc. vii. 37.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This last <b>petition</b> heard of all her prayer.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A formal written request addressed to an official person, or to an organized body, having power to grant it; specifically <fld>(Law)</fld>, a supplication to government, in either of its branches, for the granting of a particular grace or right; -- in distinction from a <i>memorial</i>, which calls certain facts to mind; also, the written document.</def>

<cs><col>Petition of right</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a petition to obtain possession or restitution of property, either real or personal, from the Crown, which suggests such a title as controverts the title of the Crown, grounded on facts disclosed in the petition itself. <i>Mozley & W.</i></cd> -- <col>The Petition of Right</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>the parliamentary declaration of the rights of the people, assented to by Charles I.</cd></cs>

<h1>Petition</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ti"tion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Petitioned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Petitioning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a prayer or request to; to ask from; to solicit; to entreat; especially, to make a formal written supplication, or application to, as to any branch of the government; <as>as, to <ex>petition</ex> the court; to <ex>petition</ex> the governor.</as></def>

<blockquote>You have . . . <b>petitioned</b> all the gods for my prosperity.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Petition</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ti"tion</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a petition or solicitation.</def>

<h1>Petitionarily</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ti"tion*a*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of begging the question; by an assumption.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Petitionary</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ti"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Supplicatory; making a petition.</def>

<blockquote>Pardon Rome, and any <b>petitionary</b> countrymen.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Containing a petition; of the nature of a petition; <as>as, a <ex>petitionary</ex> epistle</as>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Petitionee</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ti`tion*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person cited to answer, or defend against, a petition.</def>

<h1>Petitioner</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ti"tion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who presents a petition.</def>

<h1>Petitioning</h1>
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<hw>Pe*ti"tion*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of presenting apetition; a supplication.</def>

<h1>Petitor</h1>
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<hw>Pet"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>petere</ets> to seek.]</ety> <def>One who seeks or asks; a seeker; an applicant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Petitory</h1>
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<hw>Pet"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>petitorius</ets>, fr. <ets>petere</ets>, <ets>petitum</ets>, to beg, ask: cf. F. <ets>p\'82titore</ets>.]</ety> <def>Petitioning; soliciting; supplicating.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Petitory suit</col> &or; <col>action</col></mcol> <fld>(Admiralty Law)</fld>, <cd>a suit in which the mere title to property is litigated and sought to be enforced, as distinguished from a <i>possessory<i> suit; also <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>, a suit wherein the plaintiff claims something as due him by the defendant.</cd></cs>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Petong</h1>
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<hw>Pe*tong"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>See <er>Packfong</er>.</def>

<h1>Petralogy</h1>
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<hw>Pe*tral"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Petrology</er>.</def>

<h1>Petrary</h1>
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<hw>Pet"ra*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>petra</ets> stone. Cf. Sp. <ets>petraria</ets>, and E. <er>Pederero</er>.]</ety> <def>An ancient war engine for hurling stones.</def>

<h1>Petrean</h1>
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<hw>Pe*tre"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>petraeus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a rock.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to to rock.</def>

<i>G. S. Faber.</i>

<h1>Petre</h1>
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<hw>Pe"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Saltpeter</er>.</def>

<h1>Petrel</h1>
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<hw>Pe"trel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>p\'82trel</ets>; a dim. of the name <ets>Peter</ets>, L. <ets>Petrus</ets>, Gr. <?/ a stone (<ets>John i</ets>.<ets>42</ets>); -- probably so called in allusion to St.<ets>Peter's</ets> walking on the sea. See <er>Petrify</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of longwinged sea birds belonging to the family <spn>Procellarid\'91</spn>. The small petrels, or Mother Carey's chickens, belong to <stype><spn>Oceanites</spn></stype>, <stype><spn>Oceanodroma</spn></stype>, <stype><spn>Procellaria</spn></stype>, and several allied genera.</def>

<cs><col>Diving petrel</col>, <cd>any bird of the genus <spn>Pelecanoides</spn>. They chiefly inhabit the southern hemisphere.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Fulmar petrel</col>, <col>Giant petrel</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Fulmar</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pintado petrel</col>, <cd>the Cape pigeon. See under <er>Cape</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pintado petrel</col>, <cd>any one of several small petrels, especially <spn>Procellaria pelagica</spn>, or Mother Carey's chicken, common on both sides of the Atlantic.</cd></cs>

<h1>Petrescence</h1>
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<hw>Pe*tres"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The process of changing into stone; petrification.</def>

<h1>Petrescent</h1>
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<hw>Pe*tres"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>petra</ets> rock, stone, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Petrifying; converting into stone; <as>as, <ex>petrescent</ex> water</as>.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Petrifaction</h1>
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<hw>Pet`ri*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Petrify</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The process of petrifying, or changing into stone; conversion of any organic matter (animal or vegetable) into stone, or a substance of stony hardness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state or condition of being petrified.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is petrified; popularly, a body incrusted with stony matter; an incrustation.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fig.: Hardness; callousness; obduracy.</def> "<i>Petrifaction</i> of the soul."

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Petrifactive</h1>
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<hw>Pet`ri*fac"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the quality of converting organic matter into stone; petrifying.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, petrifaction.</def>

<blockquote>The . . . <b>petrifactive</b> mutations of hard bodies.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Petrific</h1>
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<hw>Pe*trif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82trifique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Petrifying; petrifactive.</def>

<blockquote>Death with his mace <b>petrific</b>, cold and dry.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Petrificate</h1>
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<hw>Pet"ri*fi*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To petrify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Our hearts <b>petrificated</b> were.
<i>J. Hall (1646).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Petrification</h1>
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<hw>Pet`ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'82trification</ets>. See <er>Petrify</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>See <er>Petrifaction</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Obduracy; callousness.</def>

<i>Hallywell.</i>

<h1>Petrify</h1>
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<hw>Pet"ri*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Petrified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Petrifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>petra</ets> rock, Gr. <?/ (akin to <?/ a stone) + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>p\'82trifier</ets>. Cf. <er>Parrot</er>, <er>Petrel</er>, <er>Pier</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To convert, as any animal or vegetable matter, into stone or stony substance.</def>

<blockquote>A river that <b>petrifies</b> any sort of wood or leaves.
<i>Kirwan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform; as by petrifaction; <as>as, to <ex>petrify</ex> the heart</as>. <i>Young</i>.</def> "<i>Petrifying</i> accuracy."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<blockquote>And <b>petrify</b> a genius to a dunce.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The poor, <b>petrified</b> journeyman, quite unconscious of what he was doing.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A hideous fatalism, which ought, logically, to <b>petrify</b> your volition.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Petrify</h1>
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<hw>Pet"ri*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic matter by calcareous deposits.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To become stony, callous, or obdurate.</def>

<blockquote>Like Niobe we marble grow,
And <b>petrify</b> with grief.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Petrine</h1>
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<hw>Pe"trine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to St.Peter; <as>as, the <ex>Petrine</ex> Epistles</as>.</def>

<h1>Petro-</h1>
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<hw>Pet"ro-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form from Gr. <?/ a <i>rock</i>, <?/ a <i>stone</i>; <as>as, <ex>petro</ex>logy, <ex>petro</ex>glyphic</as>.</def>

<h1>Petrogale</h1>
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<hw>Pe*trog"a*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a rock + <?/ a weasel.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any Australian kangaroo of the genus <spn>Petrogale</spn>, as the rock wallaby (<spn>P. penicillata</spn>).</def>

<h1>Petroglyphic</h1>
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<hw>Pet`ro*glyph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to petroglyphy.</def>

<h1>Petroglyphy</h1>
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<hw>Pe*trog"ly*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Petro</ets> + Gr. <?/ to carve.]</ety> <def>The art or operation of carving figures or inscriptions on rock or stone.</def>

<h1>Petrographic, Petrographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pet`ro*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pet`ro*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to petrography.</def>

<h1>Petrography</h1>
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<hw>Pe*trog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Petro</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of writing on stone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The scientific description of rocks; that department of science which investigates the constitution of rocks; petrology.</def>

<h1>Petrohyoid</h1>
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<hw>Pet`ro*hy"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Petro</ets> + <ets>hyoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to petrous, oe periotic, portion of the skull and the hyoid arch; <as>as, the <ex>petrohyoid</ex> muscles of the frog</as>.</def>

<h1>Petrol</h1>
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<hw>Pe*trol"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Petroleum.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Petrolatum</h1>
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<hw>Pet`ro*la"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem. & Pharm.)</fld> <def>A semisolid unctuous substance, neutral, and without taste or odor, derived from petroleum by distilling off the lighter portions and purifying the residue. It is a yellowish, fatlike mass, transparent in thin layers, and somewhat fluorescent. It is used as a bland protective dressing, and as a substitute for fatty materials in ointments.</def>

<i>U. S. Pharm.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Petrolatum</i> is the official name for the purified product. <i>Cosmoline</i> and <i>vaseline</i> are commercial names for substances essentially the same, but differing slightly in appearance and consistency or fusibility.</note>

<h1>Petroleum</h1>
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<hw>Pe*tro"le*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>petra</ets> a rock + <ets>oleum</ets> oil: cf. F. <ets>p\'82trole</ets>. Cf. <er>Petrify</er>, and <er>Oil</er>.]</ety> <def>Rock oil, mineral oil, or natural oil, a dark brown or greenish inflammable liquid, which, at certain points, exists in the upper strata of the earth, from whence it is pumped, or forced by pressure of the gas attending it. It consists of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the methane series, but may vary much in appearance, composition, and properties. It is refined by distillation, and the products include kerosene, benzine, gasoline, paraffin, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Petroleum spirit</col>, <cd>a volatile liquid obtained in the distillation of crude petroleum at a temperature of 170\'f8 Fahr., or below. The term is rather loosely applied to a considerable range of products, including benzine and ligroin. The terms <i>petroleum ether<i>, and <i>naphtha<i>, are sometimes applied to the still more volatile products, including rhigolene, gasoline, cymogene, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>P\'82troleur, n. m. P\'82troleuse</h1>
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<hw><hw>P\'82`tro`leur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. m.</tt> <hw>P\'82`tro`leuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. f.</tt><hw><ety>[F.]</ety> <def>One who makes use of petroleum for incendiary purposes.</def>

<h1>Petroline</h1>
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<hw>Pet"ro*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A paraffin obtained from petroleum from Rangoon in India, and practically identical with ordinary paraffin.</def>

<h1>Petrologic, Petrological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pet`ro*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pet`ro*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to petrology.</def>

<h1>Petrologically</h1>
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<hw>Pet`ro*log"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to petrology.</def>

<h1>Petrologist</h1>
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<hw>Pe*trol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is versed in petrology.</def>

<h1>Petrology</h1>
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<hw>Pe*trol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Petro</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The department of science which is concerned with the mineralogical and chemical composition of rocks, and with their classification: lithology.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A treatise on petrology.</def>

<h1>Petromastoid</h1>
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<hw>Pet`ro*mas"toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Petro</ets> + <ets>mastoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone, periotic.</def>

<h1>Petromyzont</h1>
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<hw>Pet`ro*my"zont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Petro</ets> + Gr. <?/ to suck in.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lamprey.</def>

<h1>Petronel</h1>
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<hw>Pet`ro*nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>petrinal</ets>, fr. <ets>peitrine</ets>, <ets>petrine</ets>, the breast, F. <ets>poitrine</ets>; so called because it was placed against the breast in order to fire. See <er>Poitrel</er>.]</ety> <def>A sort of hand cannon, or portable firearm, used in France in the 15th century.</def>

<h1>Petrosal</h1>
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<hw>Pe*tro"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Petrous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Hard; stony; petrous; <as>as, the <ex>petrosal</ex> bone; <ex>petrosal</ex> part of the temporal bone.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the petrous, or petrosal, bone, or the corresponding part of the temporal bone.</def>

<cs><col>Petrosal bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a bone corresponding to the petrous portion of the temporal bone of man; or one forming more or less of the periotic capsule.</cd></cs>

<h1>Petrosal</h1>
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<hw>Pe*tro"sal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A petrosal bone.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The auditory capsule.</def>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Petrosilex</h1>
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<hw>Pet`ro*si"lex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Petro</ets> + <ets>silex</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Felsite.</def>

<h1>Petrosilicious</h1>
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<hw>Pet`ro*si*li"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing, or consisting of, petrosilex.</def>

<h1>Petrostearine</h1>
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<hw>Pet`ro*ste"a*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Petro</ets> + <ets>stearine</ets>.]</ety> <def>A solid unctuous material, of which candles are made.</def>

<h1>Petrous</h1>
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<hw>Pe"trous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>petrosus</ets>, fr. <ets>petra</ets> a stone.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Like stone; hard; stony; rocky; <as>as, the <ex>petrous</ex> part of the temporal bone</as>.</def>

<i>Hooper.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Petrosal</er>.</def>

<h1>Pettichaps</h1>
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<hw>Pet"ti*chaps</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Pettychaps</er>.</def>

<h1>Petticoat</h1>
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<hw>Pet"ti*coat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <ety>[<ets>Petty</ets> + <ets>coat</ets>.]</ety> <def>A loose under-garment worn by women, and covering the body below the waist.</def>

<cs><col>Petticoat government</col>, <cd>government by women, whether in politics or domestic affairs.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Petticoat pipe</col> <fld>(Locomotives)</fld>, <cd>a short, flaring pipe surrounding the blast nozzle in the smoke box, to equalize the draft.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pettifog</h1>
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<hw>Pet"ti*fog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pettifogged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pettifogging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Petty</ets> + <ets>fog</ets> to pettifog.]</ety> <def>To do a petty business as a lawyer; also, to do law business in a petty or tricky way.</def> "He takes no money, but <i>pettifogs</i> gratis."

<i>S. Butler.</i>

<h1>Pettifog</h1>
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<hw>Pet"ti*fog</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To advocate like a pettifogger; to argue trickily; <as>as, to <ex>pettifog</ex> a claim</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Pettifogger</h1>
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<hw>Pet"ti*fog`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lawyer who deals in petty cases; an attorney whose methods are mean and tricky; an inferior lawyer.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>pettifogger</b> was lord chancellor.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pettifoggery</h1>
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<hw>Pet"ti*fog`ger*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. -<plw>ies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The practice or arts of a pettifogger; disreputable tricks; quibbles.</def>

<blockquote>Quirks of law, and <b>pettifoggeries</b>.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pettifogging</h1>
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<hw>Pet"ti*fog`ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Paltry; quibbling; mean.</def>

<h1>Pettifogging</h1>
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<hw>Pet"ti*fog`ging</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pettifoggery.</def>

<h1>Pettifogulize</h1>
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<hw>Pet`ti*fog"u*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act as a pettifogger; to use contemptible tricks.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Pettily</h1>
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<hw>Pet"ti*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a petty manner; frivolously.</def>

<h1>Pettiness</h1>
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<hw>Pet"ti*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being petty or paltry; littleness; meanness.</def>

<h1>Pettish</h1>
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<hw>Pet"tish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pet</er>.]</ety> <def>Fretful; peevish; moody; capricious; inclined to ill temper.</def> "A <i>pettish</i> kind of humor." <i>Sterne</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Pet"tish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pet"tish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pettitoes</h1>
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<hw>Pet"ti*toes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Petty</ets> + <ets>toes</ets>.]</ety> <def>The toes or feet of a pig, -- often used as food; sometimes, in contempt, the human feet.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Petto</h1>
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<hw>Pet"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. L. <ets>pectus</ets>.]</ety> <def>The breast.</def>

<cs><col>In petto</col>, <cd>in the breast; hence, in secrecy; in reserve.</cd></cs>

<h1>Petty</h1>
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<hw>Pet"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Pettier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Pettiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>petit</ets>, F. <ets>petit</ets>; probably of Celtic origin, and akin to E. <ets>piece</ets>. Cf. <er>Petit</er>.]</ety> <def>Little; trifling; inconsiderable; also, inferior; subordinate; <as>as, a <ex>petty</ex> fault; a <ex>petty</ex> prince.</as></def>

<i>Denham.</i>

<blockquote>Like a <b>petty</b> god
I walked about, admired of all.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Petty averages</col>. <cd>See under <er>Average</er>.</cd> -- <col>Petty cash</col>, <cd>money expended or received in small items or amounts.</cd> -- <col>Petty officer</col>, <cd>a subofficer in the navy, as a gunner, etc., corresponding to a noncommissionned officer in the army.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; For <i>petty constable</i>, <i>petty jury</i>, <i>petty larceny</i>, <i>petty treason</i>, See <er>Petit</er>.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Little; diminutive; inconsiderable; inferior; trifling; trivial; unimportant; frivolous.</syn>

<hr>
<page="1074">
Page 1074<p>

<h1>Pettychaps</h1>
<Xpage=1074>

<hw>Pet"ty*chaps</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of small European singing birds of the subfamily <spn>Sylviin\'91</spn>, as the willow warbler, the chiff-chaff, and the golden warbler (<spn>Sylvia hortensis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Pettywhin</h1>
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<hw>Pet"ty*whin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Petty</ets> + <ets>whin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The needle furze. See under <er>Needle</er>.</def>

<h1>Petulance, Petulancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pet"u*lance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pet"u*lan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>petulania</ets>: cf. F. <ets>p\'82tulance</ets>. See <er>Petulant</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being petulant; temporary peevishness; pettishness; capricious ill humor.</def> "The <i>petulancy</i> of our words."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<blockquote>Like pride in some, and like <b>petulance</b> in others.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The lowering eye, the <b>petulance</b>, the frown.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Petulance</er>, <er>Peevishness</er>. -- <i>Peevishness</i> implies the permanence of a sour, fretful temper; <i>petulance</i> implies temporary or capricious irritation.</syn>

<h1>Petulant</h1>
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<hw>Pet"u*lant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>petulans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, prop., making slight attacks upon, from a lost dim. of <ets>petere</ets> to fall upon, to attack: cf. F. <ets>p\'82tulant</ets>. See <er>Petition</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Forward; pert; insolent; wanton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capriciously fretful; characterized by ill-natured freakishness; irritable.</def> "<i>Petulant</i> moods."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Irritable; ill-humored; peevish; cross; fretful; querulous.</syn>

<h1>Petulantly</h1>
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<hw>Pet"u*lant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a petulant manner.</def>

<h1>Petulcity</h1>
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<hw>Pe*tul"ci*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Petulcous</er>.]</ety> <def>Wantonness; friskiness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Petulcous</h1>
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<hw>Pe*tul"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>petulcus</ets>. Cf. <er>Petulant</er>.]</ety> <def>Wanton; frisky; lustful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. V. Cane.</i>

<h1>Petunia</h1>
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<hw>Pe*tu"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Braz. <ets>petun</ets> tobacco.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of solanaceous herbs with funnelform or salver-shaped corollas. Two species are common in cultivation, <i>Petunia violacera</i>, with reddish purple flowers, and <i>P</i>. <i>nyctaginiflora</i>, with white flowers. There are also many hybrid forms with variegated corollas.</def>

<h1>Petunse, Petuntse, Petuntze</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pe*tunse"</hw>, <hw>Pe*tuntse"</hw>, <hw>Pe*tuntze"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Chinese.]</ety> <def>Powdered fledspar, kaolin, or quartz, used in the manufacture of porcelain.</def>

<h1>Petworth marble</h1>
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<hw>Pet"worth mar"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A kind of shell marble occurring in the Wealden clay at Petworth, in Sussex, England; -- called also <altname>Sussex marble</altname>.</def>

<h1>Petzite</h1>
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<hw>Petz"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Petz</ets>, who analyzed it.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A telluride of silver and gold, related to hessite.</def>

<h1>Peucedanin</h1>
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<hw>Peu*ced"a*nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A tasteless white crystalline substance, extracted from the roots of the sulphurwort (<spn>Peucedanum</spn>), masterwort (<spn>Imperatoria</spn>), and other related plants; -- called also <altname>imperatorin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Peucil</h1>
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<hw>Peu"cil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ pine tree.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid resembling camphene, obtained by treating turpentine hydrochloride with lime.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>peucyl</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pew</h1>
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<hw>Pew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pewe</ets>, OF. <ets>puie</ets> parapet, balustrade, balcony, fr. L. <ets>podium</ets> an elevated place, a jutty, balcony, a parapet or balcony in the circus, where the emperor and other distinguished persons sat, Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/, <?/, foot; -- hence the Latin sense of a raised place (orig. as a rest or support for the foot). See <er>Foot</er>, and cf. <er>Podium</er>, <er>Poy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the compartments in a church which are separated by low partitions, and have long seats upon which several persons may sit; -- sometimes called <altname>slip</altname>. Pews were originally made square, but are now usually long and narrow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any structure shaped like a church pew, as a stall, formerly used by money lenders, etc.; a box in theater; a pen; a sheepfold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pepys. Milton.</i>

<cs><col>Pew opener</col>, <cd>an usher in a church. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Pew</h1>
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<hw>Pew</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with pews.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Pewee</h1>
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<hw>Pe"wee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from its note.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A common American tyrant flycatcher (<spn>Sayornis ph\'d2be</spn>, or <spn>S. fuscus</spn>). Called also <altname>pewit</altname>, and <altname>ph\'d2be</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The woodcock.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Wood pewee</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bird (<spn>Contopus virens</spn>) similar to the pewee (See <er>Pewee</er>, 1), but of smaller size.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pewet</h1>
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<hw>Pe"wet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pewit</er>.</def>

<h1>Pewfellow</h1>
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<hw>Pew"fel`low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who occupies the same pew with another.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An intimate associate; a companion.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pewit</h1>
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<hw>Pe"wit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. of imitative origin; cf. OD. <ets>piewit</ets>, D. <ets>kievit</ets>, G. <ets>kibitz</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The lapwing.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The European black-headed, or laughing, gull (<spn>Xema ridibundus</spn>). See under <er>Laughing</er>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The pewee.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>peevit</asp>, <asp>peewit</asp>, <asp>pewet</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pewter</h1>
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<hw>Pew"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pewtyr</ets>, OF. <ets>peutre</ets>, <ets>peautre</ets>, <ets>piautre</ets>: cf. D. <ets>peauter</ets>, <ets>piauter</ets>, It. <ets>peltro</ets>, Sp. & Pg. <ets>peltre</ets>, LL. <ets>peutreum</ets>, <ets>pestrum</ets>. Cf. <er>Spelter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hard, tough, but easily fusible, alloy, originally consisting of tin with a little lead, but afterwards modified by the addition of copper, antimony, or bismuth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Utensils or vessels made of pewter, as dishes, porringers, drinking vessels, tankards, pots.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Pewter</i> was formerly much used for domestic utensils. Inferior sorts contain a large proportion of lead.</note>

<h1>Pewterer</h1>
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<hw>Pew"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose occupation is to make utensils of pewter; a pewtersmith.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pewtery</h1>
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<hw>Pew"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, pewter; <as>as, a <ex>pewtery</ex> taste</as>.</def>

<h1>Pexity</h1>
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<hw>Pex"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pexitas</ets>, fr. <ets>pexus</ets> woolly, nappy, p.p. of <ets>pectere</ets> to comb.]</ety> <def>Nap of cloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Peyer's glands</h1>
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<hw>Pey"er's glands`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[So called from J.K.<ets>Peyer</ets>, who described them in 1677.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pathches of lymphoid nodules, in the walls of the small intestiness; agminated glands; -- called also <altname>Peyer's patches</altname>. In typhoid fever they become the seat of ulcers which are regarded as the characteristic organic lesion of that disease.</def>

<h1>Peytrel</h1>
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<hw>Pey"trel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>peitral</ets>. See <er>Poitrel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>The breastplate of a horse's armor or harness. <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>peitrel</asp>.]</altsp> See <er>Poitrel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Peziza</h1>
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<hw>Pe*zi"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., corrupt. from L. <ets>pezica</ets> a sessile mushroom, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, a foot.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of fungi embracing a great number of species, some of which are remarkable for their regular cuplike form and deep colors.</def>

<h1>Pezizoid</h1>
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<hw>Pez"i*zoid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Peziza</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resembling a fungus of the genus Peziza; having a cuplike form.</def>

<h1>Pfennig</h1>
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<hw>Pfen"nig</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pfennigs</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, G. <plw>Pfennige</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[G. See <er>Penny</er>.]</ety> <def>A small copper coin of Germany. It is the hundredth part of a mark, or about a quarter of a cent in United States currency.</def>

<h1>Phacellus</h1>
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<hw>Pha*cel"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phacelli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a bundle of fagots.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the filaments on the inner surface of the gastric cavity of certain jellyfishes.</def>

<h1>Phacochere</h1>
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<hw>Phac"o*chere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a lentil seed, a wart + <?/ a pig.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wart hog.</def>

<h1>Phacoid</h1>
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<hw>Pha"coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a lentil + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling a lentil; lenticular.</def>

<h1>Phacolite</h1>
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<hw>Phac"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ lentil + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A colorless variety of chabazite; the original was from Leipa, in Bohemia.</def>

<h1>Phacops</h1>
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<hw>Pha"cops</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a lentil + <?/, <?/, the eye.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of trilobites found in the Silurian and Devonian formations. <spn>Phacops bufo</spn> is one of the most common species.</def>

<h1>Ph\'91acian</h1>
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<hw>Ph\'91*a"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Ph\'91acians, a fabulous seafaring people fond of the feast, the lyre, and the dance, mentioned by Homer.</def>

<h1>Ph\'91nogam</h1>
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<hw>Ph\'91"no*gam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the class Ph\'91nogamia.</def>

<h1>Ph\'91nogamia</h1>
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<hw>Ph\'91`no*ga"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <?/ to show + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The class of flowering plants including all which have true flowers with distinct floral organs; phanerogamia.</def>

<h1>Ph\'91nogamian, Ph\'91nogamic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ph\'91`no*ga"mi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ph\'91`no*gam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ph\'91nogamous</er>.</def>

<h1>Ph\'91nogamous</h1>
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<hw>Ph\'91*nog"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having true flowers with with distinct floral organs; flowering.</def>

<h1>Ph\'91nomenon</h1>
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<hw>Ph\'91*nom"e*non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See <er>Phenomenon</er>.</def>

<h1>Ph\'91ospore</h1>
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<hw>Ph\'91"o*spore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ dusky + E. <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A brownish zo\'94spore, characteristic of an order (<spn>Ph\'91ospore\'91</spn>) of dark green or olive-colored alg\'91.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ph\'91`o*spor"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pha\'89thon</h1>
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<hw>Pha"\'89*thon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., Pha\'89thon (in sense 1), fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, to shine. See <er>Phantom</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The son of Helios (Ph\'d2bus), that is, the son of light, or of the sun. He is fabled to have obtained permission to drive the chariot of the sun, in doing which his want of skill would have set the world on fire, had he not been struck with a thunderbolt by Jupiter, and hurled headlong into the river Po.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of oceanic birds including the tropic birds.</def>

<h1>Pha\'89ton</h1>
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<hw>Pha"\'89*ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pha\'82ton</ets> a kind of carriage, fr. <ets>Pha\'82thon</ets> Pha\'89thon, the son of Helios. See <er>Pha\'89thon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A four-wheeled carriage (with or without a top), open, or having no side pieces, in front of the seat. It is drawn by one or two horses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Pha\'89thon</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A handsome American butterfly (<spn>Euphydryas, &or; Melit\'91a, Pha\'89ton</spn>). The upper side of the wings is black, with orange-red spots and marginal crescents, and several rows of cream-colored spots; -- called also <altname>Baltimore</altname>.</def>

<h1>Phagedena</h1>
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<hw>Phag`e*de"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>phagedaena</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A canine appetite; bulimia.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Spreading, obstinate ulceration.</def>

<h1>Phagedenic, PhagedenicAL</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phag`e*den"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phag`e*den"ic*AL</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>phagedaenicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>phag\'82d\'82nique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of, like, or pertaining to, phagedena; used in the treatment of phagedena; <as>as, a <ex>phagedenic</ex> ulcer or medicine</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A phagedenic medicine.</def></def2>

<h1>Phagedenous</h1>
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<hw>Phag`e*de"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Phagedenic.</def>

<h1>Phagocyte</h1>
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<hw>Phag"o*cyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to eat + <?/ a hollow vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A leucocyte which plays a part in retrogressive processes by taking up (eating), in the form of fine granules, the parts to be removed.</def>

<h1>Phainopepla</h1>
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<hw>Pha*i`no*pep"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ shining + <?/ robe.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small crested passerine bird (<spn>Pha\'8bnopepla nitens</spn>), native of Mexico and the Southern United States. The adult male is of a uniform glossy blue-black; the female is brownish. Called also <altname>black flycatcher</altname>.</def>

<h1>Phakoscope</h1>
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<hw>Phak"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a lentil, or lenticular body + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for studying the mechanism of accommodation.</def>

<h1>Phal\'91na</h1>
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<hw>Pha*l\'91"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a kind od moth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A linn\'91an genus which included the moths in general.</def>

<h1>Phal\'91nid</h1>
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<hw>Pha*l\'91"nid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a kind od moth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any moth of the family <spn>Phal\'91nid\'91</spn>, of which the cankerworms are examples; a geometrid.</def>

<h1>Phalangeal, Phalangal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pha*lan"ge*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pha*lan"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the phalanges. See <er>Phalanx</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Phalanger</h1>
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<hw>Pha*lan"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>phalanger</ets>. See <er>Phalanx</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any marsupial belonging to <spn>Phalangista</spn>, <spn>Cuscus</spn>, <spn>Petaurus</spn>, and other genera of the family <spn>Phalangistid\'91</spn>. They are arboreal, and the species of <spn>Petaurus</spn> are furnished with lateral parachutes. See <cref>Flying phalanger</cref>, under <er>Flying</er>.</def>

<h1>Phalanges</h1>
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<hw>Pha*lan"ges</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>, <i>pl</i>. of <er>Phalanx</er>.</def>

<h1>Phalangial, Phalangian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pha*lan"gi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pha*lan"gi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Phalangeal.</def>

<h1>Phalangid</h1>
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<hw>Pha*lan"gid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phalangides</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Phalangoidea.</def>

<h1>Phalangious</h1>
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<hw>Pha*lan"gi*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>phalangium</ets> a kind of venomous spider, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a spider. Cf. <er>Phalanx</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to Phalangoidea.</def>

<h1>Phalangist</h1>
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<hw>Pha*lan"gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any arboreal marsupial of the genus <spn>Phalangista</spn>. The vulpine phalangist (<spn>P. vulpina</spn>) is the largest species, the full grown male being about two and a half feet long. It has a large bushy tail.</def>

<-- Spanish history -- member of the Phalange -->

<h1>Phalangister, Phalangistine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phal`an*gis"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phal`an*gis"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Phalangist</er>.</def>

<h1>Phalangite</h1>
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<hw>Phal"an*gite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>phalangite</ets>.]</ety> <def>A soldier belonging to a phalanx.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Phalangoidea</h1>
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<hw>Phal`an*goi"de*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from <ets>Phalangium</ets> the daddy longlegs (see <er>Phalangious</er>) + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Arachnoidea, including the daddy longlegs or harvestman (<spn>Phalangium</spn>) and many similar kinds. They have long, slender, many-jointed legs; usually a rounded, segmented abdomen; and chelate jaws. They breathe by trache\'91. Called also <altname><spn>Phalangides</spn></altname>, <altname><spn>Phalangidea</spn></altname>, <altname><spn>Phalangiida</spn></altname>, and <altname><spn>Opilionea</spn></altname>.</def>

<h1>Phalanst\'82re</h1>
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<hw>Pha`lan`st\'82re"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A phalanstery.</def>

<h1>Phalansterian</h1>
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<hw>Phal`an*ste"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>phalanst\'82rien</ets>, a. & n.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to phalansterianism.</def>

<h1>Phalansterian</h1>
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<hw>Phal`an*ste"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who favors the system of phalansteries proposed by Fourier.</def>

<h1>Phalansterism, Phalansterianism</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pha*lan"ster*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phal`an*ste"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A system of phalansteries proposed by Fourier; Fourierism.</def>

<h1>Phalanstery</h1>
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<hw>Phal"an*ster*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>phalanst\'8are</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a phalanx + <?/ firm, solid.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An association or community organized on the plan of Fourier. See <er>Fourierism</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The dwelling house of a Fourierite community.</def>

<h1>Phalanx</h1>
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<hw>Pha"lanx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phalanxes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Phalanges</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A body of heavy-armed infantry formed in ranks and files close and deep. There were several different arrangements, the phalanx varying in depth from four to twenty-five or more ranks of men.</def> "In cubic <i>phalanx</i> firm advanced."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The Grecian <b>phalanx</b>, moveless as a tower.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any body of troops or men formed in close array, or any combination of people distinguished for firmness and solidity of a union.</def>

<blockquote>At present they formed a united <b>phalanx</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The sheep recumbent, and the sheep that grazed,
All huddling into <b>phalanx</b>, stood and gazed.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A Fourierite community; a phalanstery.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the digital bones of the hand or foot, beyond the metacarpus or metatarsus; an internode.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <ety>[<ets>pl</ets>. <er>Phalanges</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A group or bundle of stamens, as in polyadelphous flowers.</def>

<h1>Phalarope</h1>
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<hw>Phal"a*rope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ having a patch of white + <?/, <?/, a foot: cf. F. <ets>phalarope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of <spn>Phalaropus</spn> and allied genera of small wading birds (<spn>Grall\'91</spn>), having lobate toes. They are often seen far from land, swimming in large flocks. Called also <altname>sea goose</altname>.</def>

<h1>Phallic</h1>
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<hw>Phal"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the phallus, or to phallism.</def>

<h1>Phallicism</h1>
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<hw>Phal"li*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Phallism</er>.</def>

<h1>Phallism</h1>
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<hw>Phal"lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The worship of the generative principle in nature, symbolized by the phallus.</def>

<h1>Phallus</h1>
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<hw>Phal"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phalli</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a phallus (in sense 1), Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The emblem of the generative power in nature, carried in procession in the Bacchic orgies, or worshiped in various ways.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The penis or clitoris, or the embryonic or primitive organ from which either may be derived.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of fungi which have a fetid and disgusting odor; the stinkhorn.</def>

<hr>
<page="1075">
Page 1075<p>

<h1>Phane</h1>
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<hw>Phane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Fane</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Joye.</i>

<h1>Phanerite</h1>
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<hw>Phan"er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ visible, from <?/ to bring to light.]</ety> <def>Evident; visible.</def>

<cs><col>Phanerite series</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the uppermost part of the earth's crust, consisting of deposits produced by causes in obvious operation.</cd></cs>

<h1>Phanerocarp\'91</h1>
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<hw>Phan`er*o*car"p\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ evident + <?/ fruit (but taken to mean, ovary).]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Acraspeda</er>.</def>

<h1>Phanerocodonic</h1>
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<hw>Phan`er*o*co*don"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ evident + <?/ a bell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having an umbrella-shaped or bell-shaped body, with a wide, open cavity beneath; -- said of certain jellyfishes.</def>

<h1>Phanerocrystalline</h1>
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<hw>Phan`er*o*crys"tal*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ visible + E. <ets>crystalline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Distinctly crystalline; -- used of rocks. Opposed to <ant>cryptocrystalline</ant>.</def>

<h1>Phanerodactyla</h1>
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<hw>Phan`er*o*dac"ty*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ evident + <?/ finger.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Saurur\'91</er>.</def>

<h1>Phanerogamia</h1>
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<hw>Phan`er*o*ga"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ visible (fr. <?/ to bring to light) + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>That one of the two primary divisions of the vegetable kingdom which contains the phanerogamic, or flowering, plants.</def>

<h1>Phanerogamian</h1>
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<hw>Phan`er*o*ga"mi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Phanerogamous.</def>

<h1>Phanerogamic, Phanerogamous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phan`er*o*gam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phan`er*og"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having visible flowers containing distinct stamens and pistils; -- said of plants.</def>

<h1>Phaneroglossal</h1>
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<hw>Phan`er*o*glos"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ evident + <?/ tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld><def>Having a conspicious tongue; -- said of certain reptiles and insects.</def>

<h1>Phantascope</h1>
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<hw>Phan"ta*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ image + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An optical instrument or toy, resembling the phenakistoscope, and illustrating the same principle; -- called also <altname>phantasmascope</altname>.</def>

<h1>Phantasm</h1>
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<hw>Phan"tasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>phantasma</ets>. See <er>Phantom</er>, and cf. <er>Fantasm</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>fantasm</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An image formed by the mind, and supposed to be real or material; a shadowy or airy appearance; sometimes, an optical illusion; a phantom; a dream.</def>

<blockquote>They be but <b>phantasms</b> or apparitions.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mental image or representation of a real object; a fancy; a notion.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<blockquote>Figures or little features, of which the description had produced in you no <b>phantasm</b> or expectation.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Phantasma</h1>
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<hw>Phan"tas"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A phantasm.</def>

<h1>Phantasmagoria</h1>
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<hw>Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a phantasm + <?/ an assembly, fr. <?/ to gather: cf. F. <ets>phantasmagorie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An optical effect produced by a magic lantern. The figures are painted in transparent colors, and all the rest of the glass is opaque black. The screen is between the spectators and the instrument, and the figures are often made to appear as in motion, or to merge into one another.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The apparatus by which such an effect is produced.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: A medley of figures; illusive images.</def> "This mental <i>phantasmagoria</i>."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Phantasmagorial</h1>
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<hw>Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, relating to, or resembling phantasmagoria; phantasmagoric.</def>

<h1>Phantasmagoric</h1>
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<hw>Phan*tas`ma*gor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to phantasmagoria; phantasmagorial.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Phantasmagory</h1>
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<hw>Phan*tas"ma*go*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Phantasmagoria</er>.</def>

<h1>Phantasmal</h1>
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<hw>Phan*tas"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, of the nature of, or resembling, a phantasm; spectral; illusive.</def>

<h1>Phantasmascope</h1>
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<hw>Phan*tas"ma*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Phantascope</er>.</def>

<h1>Phantasmatical</h1>
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<hw>Phan`tas*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>phantasmaticus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Phantasmal.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Phantasmatography</h1>
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<hw>Phan*tas`ma*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, phantasm + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of celestial phenomena, as rainbows, etc.</def>

<h1>Phantastic, Phantastical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phan*tas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phan*tas"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Fantastic</er>.</def>

<h1>Phantasy</h1>
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<hw>Phan"ta*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Fantasy</er>, and <er>Fancy</er>.</def>

<h1>Phantom</h1>
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<hw>Phan"tom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fantome</ets>, <ets>fantosme</ets>, <ets>fantesme</ets>, OF. <ets>fant\'93me</ets>, fr. L. <ets>phantasma</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to show. See <er>Fancy</er>, and cf. <er>Pha\'89ton</er>, <er>Phantasm</er>, <er>Phase</er>.]</ety> <def>That which has only an apparent existence; an apparition; a specter; a phantasm; a sprite; an airy spirit; an ideal image.</def>

<blockquote>Strange <b>phantoms</b> rising as the mists arise.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She was a <b>phantom</b> of delight.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Phantom ship</col>. <cd>See <cref>Flying Dutchman</cref>, under <er>Flying</er>.</cd> -- <col>Phantom tumor</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a swelling, especially of the abdomen, due to muscular spasm, accumulation of flatus, etc., simulating an actual tumor in appearance, but disappearing upon the administration of an an\'91sthetic.</cd></cs>

<h1>Phantomatic</h1>
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<hw>Phan`tom*at"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Phantasmal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Pharaoh</h1>
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<hw>Pha"raoh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>par\'d3h</ets>; of Egyptian origin: cf. L. <ets>pharao</ets>, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Faro</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A title by which the sovereigns of ancient Egypt were designated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Faro</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Pharaoh's chicken</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the gier-eagle, or Egyptian vulture; -- so called because often sculpured on Egyptian monuments. It is nearly white in color.</cd> -- <col>Pharaoh's rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common ichneumon.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pharaon</h1>
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<hw>Pha"ra*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pharaoh</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Pharaonic</h1>
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<hw>Phar`a*on"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pharaonique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pharaohs, or kings of ancient Egypt.</def>

<h1>Phare</h1>
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<hw>Phare</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pharos</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A beacon tower; a lighthouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, a harbor.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Pharisaic, Pharisaical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phar`i*sa"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phar`i*sa"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Pharisaicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>pharisa\'8bque</ets>. See <er>Pharisee</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pharisees; resembling the Pharisees.</def> "The <i>Pharisaic</i> sect among the Jews."

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Addicted to external forms and ceremonies; making a show of religion without the spirit of it; ceremonial; formal; hypocritical; self-righteous. "Excess of outward and <i>pharisaical</i> holiness.</def> " <i>Bacon</i>. "<i>Pharisaical</i> ostentation." <i>Macaulay</i>.

-- <wordforms><wf>Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pharisaism</h1>
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<hw>Phar`i*sa"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pharisaisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The notions, doctrines, and conduct of the Pharisees, as a sect.</def>

<i>Sharp.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rigid observance of external forms of religion, without genuine piety; hypocrisy in religion; a censorious, self-righteous spirit in matters of morals or manners.</def> "A piece of <i>pharisaism</i>."

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Pharisean</h1>
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<hw>Phar`i*se"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Pharisaeus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Following the practice of Pharisees; Pharisaic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Pharisean</i> disciples."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Pharisee</h1>
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<hw>Phar"i*see</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Pharisaeus</ets>, Gr. <?/, from Heb. <ets>p\'berash</ets> to separate.]</ety> <def>One of a sect or party among the Jews, noted for a strict and formal observance of rites and ceremonies and of the traditions of the elders, and whose pretensions to superior sanctity led them to separate themselves from the other Jews.</def>

<h1>Phariseeism</h1>
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<hw>Phar"i*see*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pharisaism</er>.</def>

<h1>Pharmacuetic, Pharmacuetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phar`ma*cue"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phar`ma*cue"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pharmaceuticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>pharmaceutique</ets>. See <er>Pharmacy</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the knowledge or art of pharmacy, or to the art of preparing medicines according to the rules or formulas of pharmacy; <as>as, <ex>pharmaceutical</ex> preparations</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Phar`ma*cue"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Pharmaceutical chemistry</col>, <cd>that department of chemistry which ascertains or regulates the composition of medicinal substances.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pharmacuetics</h1>
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<hw>Phar`ma*cue"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of preparing medicines.</def>

<h1>Pharmacuetist</h1>
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<hw>Phar`ma*cue"tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in pharmacy; a druggist. See the Note under <er>Apothecary</er>.</def>

<h1>Pharmacist</h1>
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<hw>Phar"ma*cist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in pharmacy; a pharmaceutist; a druggist.</def>

<h1>Pharmacodynamics</h1>
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<hw>Phar`ma*co*dy*nam"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ medicine + E. <ets>dynamics</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of pharmacology which considers the mode of action, and the effects, of medicines.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Pharmacognosis</h1>
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<hw>Phar`ma*cog*no"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a drug + <?/ a knowing.]</ety> <def>That branch of pharmacology which treats of unprepared medicines or simples; -- called also <altname>pharmacography</altname>, and <altname>pharmacomathy</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pharmacognosy</h1>
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<hw>Phar`ma*cog"no*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pharmacognosis.</def><-- now also used to designate the study of the distribution of and methods for finding medically useful agents in natural sources, primarily plants. -->

<h1>Pharmacography</h1>
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<hw>Phar`ma*cog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a drug + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Pharmacognosis</er>.</def>

<h1>Pharmacolite</h1>
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<hw>Phar*mac"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ drug, poisonous drug + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pharmacolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous arsenate of lime, usually occurring in silky fibers of a white or grayish color.</def>

<h1>Pharmacologist</h1>
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<hw>Phar`ma*col"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pharmacologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in pharmacology.</def>

<h1>Pharmacology</h1>
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<hw>Phar`ma*col"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ drug + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pharmacologie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Knowledge of drugs or medicines; the art of preparing medicines.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A treatise on the art of preparing medicines.</def>

<h1>Pharmacomathy</h1>
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<hw>Phar`ma*com"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a drug + <?/ to learn.]</ety> <def>See <er>Pharmacognosis</er>.</def>

<h1>Pharmacon</h1>
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<hw>Phar"ma*con</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A medicine or drug; also, a poison.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Pharmacop\'d2ia</h1>
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<hw>Phar`ma*co*p\'d2"ia</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ the preparation of medicines; <?/ medicine + <?/ to make.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A book or treatise describing the drugs, preparations, etc., used in medicine; especially, one that is issued by official authority and considered as an authoritative standard.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A chemical laboratory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Pharmacopolist</h1>
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<hw>Phar`ma*cop"o*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pharmacopola</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ medicine + <?/ to sell.]</ety> <def>One who sells medicines; an apothecary.</def>

<h1>Pharmacosiderite</h1>
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<hw>Phar`ma*co*sid"er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ drug, poison + E. <ets>siderite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous arsenate of iron occurring in green or yellowish green cubic crystals; cube ore.</def>

<h1>Pharmacy</h1>
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<hw>Phar"ma*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fermacie</ets>, OF. <ets>farmacie</ets>, <ets>pharmacie</ets>, F. <ets>pharmacie</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to administer or use medicines, fr. <?/ medicine.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or practice of preparing and preserving drugs, and of compounding and dispensing medicines according to prescriptions of physicians; the occupation of an apothecary or a pharmaceutical chemist.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place where medicines are compounded; a drug store; an apothecary's shop.</def>

<h1>Pharo</h1>
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<hw>Pha"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pharos; a lighthouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Faro</er>.</def>

<h1>Pharology</h1>
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<hw>Pha*rol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a lighthouse + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or science which treats of lighthouses and signal lights.</def>

<h1>Pharos</h1>
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<hw>Pha"ros</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ an island in the Bay of Alexandria, where king Ptolemy Philadelphus built a famous lighthouse.]</ety> <def>A lighthouse or beacon for the guidance of seamen.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . built a <b>pharos</b>, or lighthouse.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pharyngal</h1>
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<hw>Pha*ryn"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pharyngeal.</def>

<i>H. Sweet.</i>

<h1>Pharyngeal</h1>
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<hw>Phar`yn*ge"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pharynx</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the pharynx; in the region of the pharynx.</def>

<h1>Pharyngeal</h1>
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<hw>Phar`yn*ge"al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A pharyngeal bone or cartilage; especially, one of the <i>lower pharyngeals</i>, which belong to the rudimentary fifth branchial arch in many fishes, or one of the <i>upper pharyngeals</i>, or pharyngobranchials, which are the dorsal elements in the complete branchial arches.</def>

<h1>Pharyngitis</h1>
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<hw>Phar`yn*gi"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pharynx</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the pharynx.</def>

<h1>Pharyngobranchial</h1>
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<hw>Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pharynx</ets> + <ets>branchial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the pharynx and the branchi\'91; -- applied especially to the dorsal elements in the branchial arches of fishes. See <er>Pharyngeal</er>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A pharyngobranchial, or upper pharyngeal, bone or cartilage.</def></def2>

<h1>Pharyngobranchii</h1>
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<hw>Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pharynx</er>, and <er>Branchia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Leptocardia</er>.</def>

<h1>Pharyngognathi</h1>
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<hw>Phar`yn*gog"na*thi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pharynx</er>, and <er>Gnathic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of fishes in which the lower pharyngeal bones are united. It includes the scaroid, labroid, and embioticoid fishes.</def>

<h1>Pharyngolaryngeal</h1>
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<hw>Pha*ryn`go*lar`yn*ge"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pharynx</ets> + <ets>laryngeal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining both to pharynx and the larynx.</def>

<h1>Pharyngopneusta</h1>
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<hw>Pha*ryn`gop*neus"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the pharynx + <?/ to breathe.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of invertebrates including the Tunicata and Enteropneusta.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pha*ryn`gop*neus"tal</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pharyngotome</h1>
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<hw>Pha*ryn"go*tome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument for incising or scarifying the tonsils, etc.</def>

<h1>Pharyngotomy</h1>
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<hw>Phar`yn*got"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pharynx</ets> + <ets>Gr</ets>. <ets><?/ to cut</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pharyngotomie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The operation of making an incision into the pharynx, to remove a tumor or anything that obstructs the passage.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Scarification or incision of the tonsils.</def>

<h1>Pharynx</h1>
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<hw>Phar"ynx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>pharynges</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/: cf. F. <ets>pharynx</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The part of the alimentary canal between the cavity of the mouth and the esophagus. It has one or two external openings through the nose in the higher vertebrates, and lateral branchial openings in fishes and some amphibias.</def>

<h1>Phascolome</h1>
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<hw>Phas"co*lome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ pouch + <?/ mouse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marsupial of the genus <spn>Phascolomys</spn>; a wombat.</def>

<h1>Phase</h1>
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<hw>Phase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phases</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. <ets>phasis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to make to appear: cf. F. <ets>phase</ets>. See <er>Phenomenon</er>, <er>Phantom</er>, and <er>Emphasis</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is exhibited to the eye; the appearance which anything manifests, especially any one among different and varying appearances of the same object.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any appearance or aspect of an object of mental apprehension or view; <as>as, the problem has many <ex>phases</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring cycle of changes with respect to quantity of illumination or form of enlightened disk; <as>as, the <ex>phases</ex> of the moon or planets</as>. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Moon</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Any one point or portion in a recurring series of changes, as in the changes of motion of one of the particles constituting a wave or vibration; one portion of a series of such changes, in distinction from a contrasted portion, as the portion on one side of a position of equilibrium, in contrast with that on the opposite side.</def>

<h1>Phasel</h1>
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<hw>Pha"sel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>phaselus</ets>, <ets>phaseolus</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/: cf. F. <ets>phas\'82ole</ets>, <ets>fas\'82ole</ets>. Cf. <er>Fesels</er>.]</ety> <def>The French bean, or kidney bean.</def>

<h1>Phaseless</h1>
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<hw>Phase"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a phase, or visible form.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A <i>phaseless</i> and increasing gloom."

<i>Poe.</i>

<h1>Phaseolus</h1>
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<hw>Pha*se"o*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of leguminous plants, including the Lima bean, the kidney bean, the scarlet runner, etc. See <er>Bean</er>.</def>

<h1>Phaseomannite</h1>
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<hw>Pha`se*o*man"nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called because found in the unripe fruit of the bean (<ets>Phaseolus vulgaris</ets>).]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Inosite</er>.</def>

<h1>Phasis</h1>
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<hw>Pha"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phases</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Phase</er>.</def>

<i>Creech.</i>

<h1>Phasm, Phasma</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phas"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>phasma</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Phase</er>.]</ety> <def>An apparition; a phantom; an appearance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hammond. Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Phasmid</h1>
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<hw>Phas"mid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Phasm</er>. Probably so called from its mimicking, or appearing like, inanimate objects.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any orthopterous insect of the family <spn>Phasmid\'91</spn>, as a leaf insect or a stick insect.</def>

<h1>Phassachate</h1>
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<hw>Phas"sa*chate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the wood pigeon + <?/ the agate.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The lead-colored agate; -- so called in reference to its color.</def>

<h1>Phatagin</h1>
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<hw>Phat"a*gin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gr. <?/; perhaps from native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The long-tailed pangolin (<spn>Manis tetradactyla</spn>); -- called also <altname>ipi</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pheasant</h1>
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<hw>Pheas"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fesant</ets>, <ets>fesaunt</ets>, OF. <ets>faisant</ets>, <ets>faisan</ets>, F. <ets>faisan</ets>, L. <ets>phasianus</ets>, Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/) the Phasian bird, pheasant, fr. <?/ a river in Colchis or Pontus.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of large gallinaceous birds of the genus <spn>Phasianus</spn>, and many other genera of the family <spn>Phasianid\'91</spn>, found chiefly in Asia.</def>

<-- # note collocations in notes have italic font in WEB1913 -->
<note>&hand; The <col>common, &or; English, pheasant</col> (<spn>Phasianus Colchicus</spn>) is now found over most of temperate Europe, but was introduced from Asia. The <col>ring-necked pheasant</col> (<spn>P. torquatus</spn>) and the <col>green pheasant</col> (<spn>P. versicolor</spn>) have been introduced into Oregon. The <col>golden pheasant</col> (<spn>Thaumalea picta</spn>) is one of the most beautiful species. The <col>silver pheasant</col> (<spn>Euplocamus nychthemerus</spn>) of China, and several related species from Southern Asia, are very beautiful.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ruffed grouse.</def> <mark>[Southern U.S.]</mark>

<note>&hand; Various other birds are locally called <i>pheasants</i>, as the lyre bird, the leipoa, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Fireback pheasant</col>. <cd>See <er>Fireback</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Gold</col>, &or; <col>Golden</col>, <col>pheasant</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a Chinese pheasant (<spn>Thaumalea picta</spn>), having rich, varied colors. The crest is amber-colored, the rump is golden yellow, and the under parts are scarlet.</cd> -- <col>Mountain pheasant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the ruffed grouse.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Pheasant coucal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large Australian cuckoo (<spn>Centropus phasianus</spn>). The general color is black, with chestnut wings and brown tail. Called also <altname>pheasant cuckoo</altname>. The name is also applied to other allied species.</cd> -- <col>Pheasant duck</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The pintail</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The hooded merganser.</cd> -- <col>Pheasant parrot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large and beautiful Australian parrakeet (<spn>Platycercus Adelaidensis</spn>). The male has the back black, the feathers margined with yellowish blue and scarlet, the quills deep blue, the wing coverts and cheeks light blue, the crown, sides of the neck, breast, and middle of the belly scarlet.</cd> -- <col>Pheasant's eye</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A red-flowered herb (<spn>Adonis autumnalis</spn>) of the Crowfoot family; -- called also <altname>pheasant's-eye Adonis</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The garden pink (<spn>Dianthus plumarius</spn>); -- called also <altname>Pheasant's-eye pink</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Pheasant shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any marine univalve shell of the genus <spn>Phasianella</spn>, of which numerous species are found in tropical seas. The shell is smooth and usually richly colored, the colors often forming blotches like those of a pheasant.</cd> -- <col>Pheasant wood</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Partridge wood</cref> <sd>(a)</sd>, under <er>Partridge</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sea pheasant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the pintail.</cd> -- <col>Water pheasant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The sheldrake</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The hooded merganser.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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Page 1076<p>

<h1>Pheasantry</h1>
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<hw>Pheas"ant*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>faisanderie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A place for keeping and rearing pheasants.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Phebe</h1>
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<hw>Phe"be</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ph\'d2be</er>.</def>

<h1>Pheer</h1>
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<hw>Pheer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 1st <er>Fere</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Pheese</h1>
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<hw>Pheese</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To comb; also, to beat; to worry. <mark>[Obs. or Local]</mark> See <er>Feaze</er>, <tt>v.</tt></def>

<h1>Pheese</h1>
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<hw>Pheese</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fretful excitement. <mark>[Obs. or Local]</mark> See <er>Feaze</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Phelloderm</h1>
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<hw>Phel"lo*derm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cork + <ets>-derm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A layer of green parenchimatous cells formed on the inner side of the phellogen.</def>

<h1>Phellogen</h1>
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<hw>Phel"lo*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cork + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The tissue of young cells which produces cork cells.</def>

<h1>Phelloplastics</h1>
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<hw>Phel`lo*plas"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ cork + <?/ to mold.]</ety> <def>Art of modeling in cork.</def>

<h1>Phenacite</h1>
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<hw>Phen"a*cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, impostor, deceiver.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A glassy colorless mineral occurring in rhombohedral crystals, sometimes used as a gem.  It is a silicate of glucina, and receives its name from its deceptive similarity to quartz.</def>

<h1>Phenakistoscope</h1>
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<hw>Phen`a*kis"to*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a deceiver + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>A revolving disk on which figures drawn in different relative attitudes are seen successively, so as to produce the appearance of an object in actual motion, as an animal leaping, etc., in consequence of the persistence of the successive visual impressions of the retina. It is often arranged so that the figures may be projected upon a screen.</def>

<h1>Phenanthrene</h1>
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<hw>Phe*nan"threne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phen</ets>yl + <ets>antr</ets>ac<ets>ene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A complex hydrocarbon, <chform>C14H10</chform>, found in coal tar, and obtained as a white crystalline substance with a bluish fluorescence.</def>

<h1>Phenanthridine</h1>
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<hw>Phe*nan"thri*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phenanthr</ets>ene + pyr<ets>idine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous hydrocarbon base, <chform>C13H9N</chform>, analogous to phenanthrene and quinoline.</def>

<h1>Phenanthroline</h1>
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<hw>Phe*nan"thro*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phenanthr</ets>ene + quin<ets>oline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Either of two metameric nitrogenous hydrocarbon bases, <chform>C12H8N2</chform>, analogous to phenanthridine, but more highly nitrogenized.</def>

<h1>Phene</h1>
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<hw>Phene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Benzene.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Phenetol</h1>
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<hw>Phe"ne*tol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phen</ets>yl + <ets>et</ets>hyl + L. <ets>ol</ets>eum oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The ethyl ether of phenol, obtained as an aromatic liquid, <chform>C6H5.O.C2H5</chform>.</def>

<h1>Phenic</h1>
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<hw>Phe"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, phenyl or phenol.</def>

<cs><col>Phenic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a phenol. <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Phenician</h1>
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<hw>Phe*ni"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ph\'d2nician</er>.</def>

<h1>Phenicine</h1>
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<hw>Phen"i*cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>foi^nix</grk> purple red: cf. F. <ets>ph\'82nicine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A purple powder precipitated when a sulphuric solution of indigo is diluted with water.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A coloring matter produced by the action of a mixture of strong nitric and sulphuric acids on phenylic alcohol.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Phenicious</h1>
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<hw>Phe*ni"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>phoeniceus</ets>, Gr. <grk>foini`keos</grk>, from <?/ purple red.]</ety> <def>Of a red color with a slight mixture of gray.</def>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Phenicopter</h1>
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<hw>Phen`i*cop"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>phoenicopterus</ets>, Gr. <grk>foiniko`pteros</grk>, i.e., red-feathered; <grk>foi^nix</grk>, <grk>foi`nikos</grk>, purple red + <grk>ptero`n</grk> feather: cf. F. <ets>ph\'82nicopt\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A flamingo.</def>

<h1>Phenix</h1>
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<hw>Phe"nix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phenixes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>phoenix</ets>, Gr. <grk>foi^nix</grk>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ph\'d2nix</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>A bird fabled to exist single, to be consumed by fire by its own act, and to rise again from its ashes.  Hence, an emblem of immortality.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A southern constellation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A marvelous person or thing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<-- rise like a phoenix, to resume an endeavor after an apparently final defeat -->

<h1>Phenogamia</h1>
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<hw>Phen`o*ga"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Ph\'91nogamia</er>.</def>

<h1>Phenogamian, Phenogamic, Phenogamous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phen`o*ga"mi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phen`o*gam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phe*nog"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ph\'91nogamian</er>, <er>Ph\'91nogamic</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Phenol</h1>
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<hw>Phe"nol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to show + <ets>-ol</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ph\'82nol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A white or pinkish crystalline substance, <chform>C6H5OH</chform>, produced by the destructive distillation of many organic bodies, as wood, coal, etc., and obtained from the heavy oil from coal tar.</def>

<note>&hand; It has a peculiar odor, somewhat resembling creosote, which is a complex mixture of phenol derivatives. It is of the type of alcohols, and is called also <altname>phenyl alcohol</altname>, but has acid properties, and hence is popularly called <altname>carbolic acid</altname>, and was formerly called <altname>phenic acid</altname>. It is a powerful caustic poison, and in dilute solution has been used as an antiseptic.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any one of the series of hydroxyl derivatives of which phenol proper is the type.</def>

<cs><col>Glacial phenol</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>pure crystallized phenol or carbolic acid.</cd> -- <col>Phenol acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>any one of a series of compounds which are at once derivatives of both phenol and some member of the fatty acid series; thus, salicylic acid is a <i>phenol acid<i>.</cd><-- s.a. is not a fatty acid, but a benzoic acid derivative.  IT should say "carboxylic acid" --> -- <col>Phenol alcohol</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>any one of series of derivatives of phenol and carbinol which have the properties of both combined; thus, saligenin is a <i>phenol alcohol<i>.</cd> -- <col>Phenol aldehyde</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>any one of a series of compounds having both phenol and aldehyde properties.</cd> -- <col>Phenol phthalein</col>. <cd>See under <er>Phthalein</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Phenolate</h1>
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<hw>Phe"no*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phenol</ets> + <ets>-ate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of phenol analogous to a salt.</def>

<h1>Phenomenal</h1>
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<hw>Phe*nom"e*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ph\'82nom\'82nal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to, or of the nature of, a phenomenon; hence, extraordinary; wonderful; <as>as, a <ex>phenomenal</ex> memory</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Phe*nom"e*nal*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Phenomenalism</h1>
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<hw>Phe*nom"e*nal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>That theory which limits positive or scientific knowledge to phenomena only, whether material or spiritual.</def>

<h1>Phenomenist</h1>
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<hw>Phe*nom"e*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes in the theory of phenomenalism.</def>

<h1>Phenomenology</h1>
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<hw>Phe*nom`e*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phenomenon</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ph\'82nom\'82nologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description, history, or explanation of phenomena.</def> "The <i>phenomenology</i> of the mind."

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Phenomenon</h1>
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<hw>Phe*nom"e*non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phenomena</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>phaenomenon</ets>, Gr. <grk>faino`menon</grk>, fr. <grk>fai`nesqai</grk> to appear, <grk>fai`nein</grk> to show. See <er>Phantom</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An appearance; anything visible; whatever, in matter or spirit, is apparent to, or is apprehended by, observation; <as>as, the <ex>phenomena</ex> of heat, light, or electricity; <ex>phenomena</ex> of imagination or memory.</as></def>

<blockquote>In the <b>phenomena</b> of the material world, and in many of the <b>phenomena</b> of mind.
<i>Stewart.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which strikes one as strange, unusual, or unaccountable; an extraordinary or very remarkable person, thing, or occurrence; <as>as, a musical <ex>phenomenon</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Phenose</h1>
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<hw>Phe"nose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phen</ets>yl + dextr<ets>ose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A sweet amorphous deliquescent substance obtained indirectly from benzene, and isometric with, and resembling, dextrose.</def>

<h1>Phenyl</h1>
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<hw>Phe"nyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to bring to light + <ets>-yl</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ph\'82nyle</ets>. So called because it is a by-product of illuminating gas.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon radical (<chform>C6H5</chform>) regarded as the essential residue of benzene, and the basis of an immense number of aromatic derivatives.</def>

<cs><col>Phenyl hydrate</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>phenol or carbolic acid.</cd> -- <col>Phenyl hydrazine</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a nitrogenous base (<chform>C6H5.N2H3</chform>) produced artificially as a colorless oil which unites with acids, ketones, etc., to form well-crystallized compounds.</cd></cs>

<h1>Phenylamine</h1>
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<hw>Phe`nyl*am"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phenyl</ets> + <ets>amine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of certain class of organic bases regarded as formed from ammonia by the substitution of phenyl for hydrogen.</def>

<h1>Phenylene</h1>
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<hw>Phe"nyl*ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hypothetic radical (<chform>C6H4</chform>) occurring in certain derivatives of benzene; <as>as, <ex>phenylene</ex> diamine</as>.</def>

<h1>Phenylic</h1>
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<hw>Phe*nyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, phenyl.</def>

<cs><col>Phenylic alcohol</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>phenol.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pheon</h1>
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<hw>Phe"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. from Old French.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing representing the head of a dart or javelin, with long barbs which are engrailed on the inner edge.</def>

<h1>Phial</h1>
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<hw>Phi"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>fiole</ets>, L. <ets>phiala</ets> a broad, flat, shallow cup or bowl, Gr. <?/. cf. <er>Vial</er>.]</ety> <def>A glass vessel or bottle, especially a small bottle for medicines; a vial.</def>

<h1>Phial</h1>
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<hw>Phi"al</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Phialed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Phialing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put or keep in, or as in, a phial.</def>

<blockquote>Its <b>phial'd</b> wrath may fate exhaust.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Philabeg</h1>
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<hw>Phil"a*beg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Filibeg</er>.</def>

<h1>Philadelphian</h1>
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<hw>Phil`a*del"phi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>filadelfia</grk> brotherly love, from <grk>fila`delfos</grk> brotherly; <grk>fi`los</grk> loved, loving, friendly + <grk>'adelfo`s</grk> brother.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Ptolemy Philadelphus, or to one of the cities named Philadelphia, esp. the modern city in Pennsylvania.</def>

<h1>Philadelphian</h1>
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<hw>Phil`a*del"phi*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or an inhabitant of Philadelphia.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a society of mystics of the seventeenth century, -- called also the <i>Family of Love</i>.</def>

<i>Tatler.</i>

<h1>Philalethist</h1>
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<hw>Phil`a*le"thist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Philo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ truth.]</ety> <def>A lover of the truth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Brathwait.</i>

<h1>Philander</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lan"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fond of men; <?/ loving + <?/ man.]</ety> <def>To make love to women; to play the male flirt.</def>

<blockquote>You can't go <b>philandering</b> after her again.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Philander</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lan"der</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A lover.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Congreve.</i>

<h1>Philander</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lan"der</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A South American opossum (<spn>Didelphys philander</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An Australian bandicoot (<spn>Perameles lagotis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Philanderer</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lan"der*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who hangs about women; a male flirt.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Philanthrope</h1>
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<hw>Phil"an*thrope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A philanthropist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. North.</i>

<h1>Philanthropic, Philanthropical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phil`an*throp"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phil`an*throp"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>philanthropique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to philanthropy; characterized by philanthropy; loving or helping mankind; <as>as, a <ex>philanthropic</ex> enterprise</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Phil`an*throp"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Philanthropinism</h1>
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<hw>Phil`an*throp"i*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A system of education on so-called natural principles, attempted in Germany in the last century by Basedow, of Dessau.</def>

<h1>Philanthropinist</h1>
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<hw>Phil`an*throp"i*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An advocate of, or believer in, philanthropinism.</def>

<h1>Philanthropist</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lan"thro*pist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ loving + <?/ man: cf. F. <ets>philanthrope</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who practices philanthropy; one who loves mankind, and seeks to promote the good of others.</def>

<-- esp. a wealthy individual who donates large amounts of money to charitable or philanthropic causes -->

<h1>Philanthropistic</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lan`thro*pis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characteristic of, a philanthropist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Philanthropy</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lan"thro*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>philanthropia</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>philanthropie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Love to mankind; benevolence toward the whole human family; universal good will; desire and readiness to do good to all men; -- opposed to <i>misanthropy</i>.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<-- (2) active effort to promote human welfare; humanitarian activity. [i.e., an action, not merely a state of mind] -->

<-- 2. an organization whose purpose is to engage in philanthropy(2), and is supported by funds from one or a small number of wealthy individuals; a type of charity, the source of whose funds is typically from a wealthy individual or a corporation, or a trust fund established by a wealthy individual.  It is distinguished from other charitable organizations in that the source of funds of other charities may come from a large number of sources, or from public solicitation. -->

<h1>Philatelic</h1>
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<hw>Phil`a*tel"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to philately.</def>

<h1>Philatelist</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lat"e*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in philately; one who collects postage stamps.</def>

<h1>Philately</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lat"e*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Philo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ exemption from tax; cf. <ets>frank</ets> to send free.]</ety> <def>The collection of postage stamps of various issues.</def>

<h1>Philatory</h1>
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<hw>Phil"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>filatiere</ets>, <ets>philatiere</ets>. See <er>Phylactery</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A kind of transparent reliquary with an ornamental top.</def>

<h1>Philauty</h1>
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<hw>Phil"au*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ loving + <?/ self.]</ety> <def>Self-love; selfishness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beaumont.</i>

<h1>Philharmonic</h1>
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<hw>Phil`har*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Philo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ harmony: cf. F. <ets>philharmonique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Loving harmony or music.</def>

<h1>Philhellene</h1>
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<hw>Phil*hel"lene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A friend of Greece, or of the Greeks; a philhellenist.</def>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Philhellenic</h1>
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<hw>Phil`hel*len"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to philhellenism.</def>

<h1>Philhellenism</h1>
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<hw>Phil*hel"len*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Love of Greece.</def>

<h1>Philhellenist</h1>
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<hw>Phil*hel"len*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Philo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a Greek: cf. F. <ets>philhell\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <def>A friend of Greece; one who supports the cause of the Greeks; particularly, one who supported them in their struggle for independence against the Turks; a philhellene.</def>

<h1>Philibeg</h1>
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<hw>Phil"i*beg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Filibeg</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Philip</h1>
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<hw>Phil"ip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from their notes.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The European hedge sparrow.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The house sparrow. Called also <altname>phip</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Philippian</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lip"pi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Philippi, a city of ancient Macedonia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or an inhabitant of Philippi.</def></def2>

<h1>Philippic</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lip"pic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Philippicus</ets> belonging to Philip, Philippic, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ Philip, <?/ fond of horses: cf. F. <ets>philippique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any one of the series of famous orations of Demosthenes, the Grecian orator, denouncing Philip, king of Macedon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Any discourse or declamation abounding in acrimonious invective.</def>

<h1>Philippium</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lip"pi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. So named from <ets>Philippe</ets> Plantamour, of Geneva, Switzerland.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare and doubtful metallic element said to have been discovered in the mineral samarskite.</def><-- no such element -->

<h1>Philippize</h1>
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<hw>Phil"ip*pize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Philippized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Philippizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to be on Philip's side.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To support or advocate the cause of Philip of Macedon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[See <er>Philippic</er>.]</ety> <def>To write or speak in the style of a philippic.</def>

<h1>Philister</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lis"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <def>A Philistine; -- a cant name given to townsmen by students in German universities.</def><-- in sense 3 -->

<h1>Philistine</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lis"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Philistinus</ets>, Heb. <ets>Phlishth\'c6</ets>, pl. <ets>Phlishth\'c6m</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or an inhabitant of ancient Philistia, a coast region of southern Palestine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bailiff.</def> <mark>[Cant, Eng.]</mark> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person deficient in liberal culture and refinement; one without appreciation of the nobler aspirations and sentiments of humanity; one whose scope is limited to selfish and material interests.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Philistine</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lis"tine</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the Philistines.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Uncultured; commonplace.</def>

<h1>Philistinism</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lis"tin*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition, character, aims, and habits of the class called Philistines. See <er>Philistine</er>, 3.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<blockquote>On the side of beauty and taste, vulgarity; on the side of morals and feeling, coarseness; on the side of mind and spirit, unintelligence, -- this is <b>Philistinism</b>.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Phillipsite</h1>
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<hw>Phil"lips*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So named after John <ets>Phillips</ets>, an English mineralogist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A hydrous silicate of aluminia, lime, and soda, a zeolitic mineral commonly occurring in complex twin crystals, often cruciform in shape; -- called also <altname>christianite</altname>.</def>
<-- sic.  no (b) in original! -->

<h1>Phillygenin</h1>
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<hw>Phil*lyg"e*nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Philly</ets>rin + <ets>-gen</ets> + <ets>-in</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A pearly crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phillyrin.</def>

<h1>Phillyrea</h1>
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<hw>Phil*lyr"e*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of evergreen plants growing along the shores of the Mediterranean, and breading a fruit resembling that of the olive.</def>

<h1>Phillyrin</h1>
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<hw>Phil"ly*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside extracted from Phillyrea as a bitter white crystalline substance. It is sometimes used as a febrifuge.</def>

<h1>Philo-</h1>
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<hw>Philo-</hw>. <def>A combining form from Gr. <grk>fi`los</grk> <i>loving</i>, <i>fond of</i>, <i>attached to</i>; <as>as, <ex>philo</ex>sophy, <ex>philo</ex>technic</as>.</def>

<h1>Philogynist</h1>
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<hw>Phi*log"y*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Philogyny</er>.]</ety> <def>A lover or friend of women; one who esteems woman as the higher type of humanity; -- opposed to <ant>misogynist</ant>.</def>

<h1>Philogyny</h1>
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<hw>Phi*log"y*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ loving + <?/ woman.]</ety> <def>Fondness for women; uxoriousness; -- opposed to <ant>misogyny</ant>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Philohellenian</h1>
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<hw>Phil`o*hel*le"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A philhellenist.</def>

<h1>Philologer</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lol"o*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>philologus</ets> a man of letters, Gr. <?/, originally, fond of talking; hence, fond of learning and literature; <?/ loving + <?/ speech, discourse.]</ety> <def>A philologist.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Philologian</h1>
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<hw>Phil`o*lo"gi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A philologist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Philological, Philologic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phil`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phil`o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>philologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to philology.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Phil`o*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Philologist</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in philology.</def>

<h1>Philologize</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lol"o*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To study, or make critical comments on, language.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Philologue</h1>
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<hw>Phil"o*logue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>philologue</ets>.]</ety> <def>A philologist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Philology</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>philologia</ets> love of learning, interpretation, philology, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>philologie</ets>. See <er>Philologer</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Criticism; grammatical learning.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The study of language, especially in a philosophical manner and as a science; the investigation of the laws of human speech, the relation of different tongues to one another, and historical development of languages; linguistic science.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Philology</i> comprehends a knowledge of the etymology, or origin and combination of words; grammar, the construction of sentences, or use of words in language; criticism, the interpretation of authors, the affinities of different languages, and whatever relates to the history or present state of languages. It sometimes includes rhetoric, poetry, history, and antiquities.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A treatise on the science of language.</def>

<hr>
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Page 1077<p>

<h1>Philomath</h1>
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<hw>Phil"o*math</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <grk>fi`los</grk> loving, a friend + <grk>ma`qh</grk> learning, fr. <?/, <?/, to learn.]</ety> <def>A lover of learning; a scholar.</def>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Philomathematic</h1>
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<hw>Phil`o*math`e*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A philomath.</def>

<h1>Philomathic</h1>
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<hw>Phil`o*math"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>philomathique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to philomathy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having love of learning or letters.</def>

<h1>Philomathy</h1>
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<hw>Phi*lom"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <def>The love of learning or letters.</def>

<h1>Philomel</h1>
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<hw>Phil"o*mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Philomela</er>, the nightingale.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Milton. Cowper.</i>

<h1>Philomela</h1>
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<hw>Phil`o*me"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>philomela</ets>, Gr. <?/, according to the legend, from <?/ Philomela (daughter of Pandion, king of Athens), who was changed into a nightingale.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The nightingale; philomel.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of birds including the nightingales.</def>

<h1>Philomene</h1>
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<hw>Phil"o*mene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The nightingale.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Philomot</h1>
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<hw>Phil"o*mot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Filemot</er>.]</ety> <def>Of the color of a dead leaf.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Philomusical</h1>
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<hw>Phil`o*mu"sic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Philo-</ets> + <ets>musical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Loving music. <mark>[R.]</mark>Busby.</def>

<h1>Philopena</h1>
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<hw>Phil`o*pe"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Probably a corruption fr. G. <ets>vielliebchen</ets>, LG. <ets>vielliebken</ets>, or D. <ets>veelliebken</ets>, a philopena, literally, much loved; but influenced by Gr. <?/ a friend, and L. <ets>poena</ets> penalty, from an idea that the gift was a penalty of friendship or love.]</ety> <def>A present or gift which is made as a forfeit in a social game that is played in various ways; also, the game itself.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>fillipeen</asp> and <asp>phillippine</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; One of the ways may be stated as follows: A person finding a nut with two kernels eats one, and gives the other to a person of the opposite sex, and then whichever says <i>philopena</i> first at the next meeting wins the present. The name is also applied to the kernels eaten.</note>

<h1>Philopolemic, Philopolemical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phil`o*po*lem"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phil`o*po*lem"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fond of war, warlike; <?/ loving + <?/ war.]</ety> <def>Fond of polemics or controversy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Philoprogenitive</h1>
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<hw>Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the love of offspring; fond of children.</def>

<h1>Philoprogenitiveness</h1>
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<hw>Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Philo-</ets> + L. <ets>progenies</ets> offspring.]</ety> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>The love of offspring; fondness for children.</def>

<h1>Philosophaster</h1>
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<hw>Phi*los"o*phas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a bad philosopher, fr. <ets>philosophus</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>philosophastre</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pretender to philosophy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Philosophate</h1>
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<hw>Phi*los"o*phate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>philosophatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>philosophari</ets> to philosophize.]</ety> <def>To play the philosopher; to moralize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Philosophation</h1>
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<hw>Phi*los`o*pha"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Philosophical speculation and discussion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Petty.</i>

<h1>Philosophe</h1>
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<hw>Phil"o*sophe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a philosopher.]</ety> <def>A philosophaster; a philosopher.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Philosopheme</h1>
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<hw>Phi*los"o*pheme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, from <?/ to love knowledge.]</ety> <def>A philosophical proposition, doctrine, or principle of reasoning.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>This, the most venerable, and perhaps the most ancient, of Grecian myths, is a <b>philosopheme</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Philosopher</h1>
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<hw>Phi*los"o*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>philosophre</ets>, F. <ets>philosophe</ets>, L. <ets>philosophus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ loving + <?/ wise. Cf. <er>Philosophy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who philosophizes; one versed in, or devoted to, philosophy.</def>

<blockquote>Then certain <b>philosophers</b> of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics, encountered him.
<i>Acts xvii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who reduces the principles of philosophy to practice in the conduct of life; one who lives according to the rules of practical wisdom; one who meets or regards all vicissitudes with calmness.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An alchemist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Philosopher's stone</col>, <cd>an imaginary stone which the alchemists formerly sought as instrument of converting the baser metals into gold.</cd></cs>

<h1>Philosophic, Philosophical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phil`o*soph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phil`o*soph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>philosophicus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>philosophique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to philosophy; versed in, or imbued with, the principles of philosophy; hence, characterizing a philosopher; rational; wise; temperate; calm; cool.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Phil`o*soph"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Philosophism</h1>
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<hw>Phi*los"o*phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>philosophisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Spurious philosophy; the love or practice of sophistry.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Philosophist</h1>
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<hw>Phi*los"o*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>philosophiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pretender in philosophy.</def>

<h1>Philosophistic, Philosophistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phi*los`o*phis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phi*los`o*phis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the love or practice of sophistry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Philosophize</h1>
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<hw>Phi*los"o*phize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Philosophized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Philosophizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To reason like a philosopher; to search into the reason and nature of things; to investigate phenomena, and assign rational causes for their existence.</def>

<blockquote>Man <b>philosophizes</b> as he lives. He may <b>philosophize</b> well or ill, but <b>philosophize</b> he must.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Philosophizer</h1>
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<hw>Phi*los"o*phi`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who philosophizes.</def>

<h1>Philosophy</h1>
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<hw>Phi*los"o*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Philosophies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>philosophie</ets>, F. <ets>philosophie</ets>, L. <ets>philosophia</ets>, from Gr. <?/. See <er>Philosopher</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Literally, the love of, including the search after, wisdom; in actual usage, the knowledge of phenomena as explained by, and resolved into, causes and reasons, powers and laws.</def>

<note>&hand; When applied to any particular department of knowledge, <i>philosophy</i> denotes the general laws or principles under which all the subordinate phenomena or facts relating to that subject are comprehended. Thus <i>philosophy</i>, when applied to God and the divine government, is called <i>theology</i>; when applied to material objects, it is called <i>physics</i>; when it treats of man, it is called <i>anthropology</i> and <i>psychology</i>, with which are connected <i>logic</i> and <i>ethics</i>; when it treats of the necessary conceptions and relations by which <i>philosophy</i> is possible, it is called <i>metaphysics</i>.</note>

<note>&hand; "<i>Philosophy</i> has been defined: tionscience of things divine and human, and the causes in which they are contained; -- the science of effects by their causes; -- the science of sufficient reasons; -- the science of things possible, inasmuch as they are possible; -- the science of things evidently deduced from first principles; -- the science of truths sensible and abstract; -- the application of reason to its legitimate objects; -- the science of the relations of all knowledge to the necessary ends of human reason; -- the science of the original form of the ego, or mental self; -- the science of science; -- the science of the absolute; -- the scienceof the absolute indifference of the ideal and real."</note>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A particular philosophical system or theory; the hypothesis by which particular phenomena are explained.</def>

<blockquote>[Books] of Aristotle and his <b>philosophie</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We shall in vain interpret their words by the notions of our <b>philosophy</b> and the doctrines in our school.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Practical wisdom; calmness of temper and judgment; equanimity; fortitude; stoicism; <as>as, to meet misfortune with <ex>philosophy</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Then had he spent all his <b>philosophy</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Reasoning; argumentation.</def>

<blockquote>Of good and evil much they argued then, . . .
Vain wisdom all, and false <b>philosophy</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The course of sciences read in the schools.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A treatise on philosophy.</def>

<cs><col>Philosophy of the Academy</col>, <cd>that of Plato, who taught his disciples in a grove in Athens called the Academy.</cd> -- <col>Philosophy of the Garden</col>, <cd>that of Epicurus, who taught in a garden in Athens.</cd> -- <col>Philosophy of the Lyceum</col>, <cd>that of Aristotle, the founder of the Peripatetic school, who delivered his lectures in the Lyceum at Athens.</cd> -- <col>Philosophy of the Porch</col>, <cd>that of Zeno and the Stoics; -- so called because Zeno of Citium and his successors taught in the porch of the Poicile, a great hall in Athens.</cd></cs>

<h1>Philostorgy</h1>
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<hw>Phil`o*stor"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ loving + <?/ affection.]</ety> <def>Natural affection, as of parents for their children.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Philotechnic, Philotechnical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phil`o*tech"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phil`o*tech"nic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Philo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ an art: cf. F. <ets>philotechnique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fond of the arts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Philter</h1>
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<hw>Phil"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>philtre</ets>, L. <ets>philtrum</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to love, <?/ dear, loving.]</ety> <def>A potion or charm intended to excite the passion of love.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>philtre</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Philter</h1>
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<hw>Phil"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Philtered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Philtering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To impregnate or mix with a love potion; <as>as, to <ex>philter</ex> a draught</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To charm to love; to excite to love or sexual desire by a potion.</def>

<i>Gov. of Tongue.</i>

<h1>Phimosis</h1>
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<hw>Phi*mo"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a muzzling, fr. <?/ muzzle.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition of the penis in which the prepuce can not be drawn back so as to uncover the glans penis.</def>

<h1>Phitoness</h1>
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<hw>Phi"ton*ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pythoness; witch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Phiz</h1>
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<hw>Phiz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phizes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>physiognomy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The face or visage.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Phlebitis</h1>
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<hw>Phle*bi"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a vein + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of a vein.</def>

<h1>Phlebogram</h1>
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<hw>Phleb"o*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/ + <ets>-gram</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A tracing (with the sphygmograph) of the movements of a vein, or of the venous pulse.</def>

<h1>Phlebolite, Phlebolith</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phleb"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phleb"o*lith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a vein + <ets>-lite</ets>, <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A small calcareous concretion formed in a vein; a vein stone.</def>

<h1>Phlebology</h1>
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<hw>Phle*bol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a vein + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A branch of anatomy which treats of the veins.</def>

<h1>Phlebotomist</h1>
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<hw>Phle*bot"o*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>phl\'82botomiste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>One who practiced phlebotomy.</def>

<h1>Phlebotomize</h1>
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<hw>Phle*bot"o*mize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Phlebotomized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Phlebotomizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>phl\'82botomiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To let blood from by opening a vein; to bleed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Phlebotomy</h1>
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<hw>Phle*bot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>phlebotomia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, a vein + <?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>phl\'82botomie</ets>. Cf. <er>Fleam</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act or practice of opening a vein for letting blood, in the treatment of disease; venesection; bloodletting.</def>

<h1>Phlegm</h1>
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<hw>Phlegm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>phlegme</ets>, <ets>flegme</ets>, L. <ets>phlegma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a flame, inflammation, phlegm, a morbid, clammy humor in the body, fr. <?/ to burn. Cf. <er>Phlox</er>, <er>Flagrant</er>, <er>Flame</er>, <er>Bleak</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Fluminate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the four humors of which the ancients supposed the blood to be composed. See <er>Humor</er>.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Viscid mucus secreted in abnormal quantity in the respiratory and digestive passages.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>A watery distilled liquor, in distinction from a spirituous liquor.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Sluggishness of temperament; dullness; want of interest; indifference; coldness.</def>

<blockquote>They judge with fury, but they write with <b>phlegm</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Phlegmagogue</h1>
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<hw>Phleg"ma*gogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ carrying of phlegm; <?/ phlegm + <?/ to lead.]</ety> <fld>(Old Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine supposed to expel phlegm.</def>

<h1>Phlegmasia</h1>
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<hw>Phleg*ma"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/. See <er>Phlegm</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inflammation; more particularly, an inflammation of the internal organs.</def>

<cs><col>Phlegmasia dolens</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety>, <cd>milk leg.</cd></cs>

<h1>Phlegmatic</h1>
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<hw>Phleg*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>phlegmaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>phlegmatique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Watery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Aqueous and <i>phlegmatic</i>."

<i>Sir I. Newton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Abounding in phlegm; <as>as, <ex>phlegmatic</ex> humors; a <ex>phlegmatic</ex> constitution.</as></def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Generating or causing phlegm.</def> "Cold and <i>phlegmatic</i> habitations."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not easily excited to action or passion; cold; dull; sluggish; heavy; <as>as, a <ex>phlegmatic</ex> person</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<cs><col>Phlegmatic temperament</col> <fld>(Old Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>lymphatic temperament. See under <er>Lymphatic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Phlegmatical</h1>
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<hw>Phleg*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Phlegmatic.</def>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Phlegmatically</h1>
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<hw>Phleg*mat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a phlegmatic manner.</def>

<h1>Phlegmaticly</h1>
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<hw>Phleg*mat"ic*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Phlegmatically.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Phlegmon</h1>
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<hw>Phleg"mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>phlegmone</ets>, <ets>phlegmon</ets>, inflammation beneath the skin, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to burn: cf. F. <ets>phlegmon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Purulent inflammation of the cellular or areolar tissue.</def>

<h1>Phlegmonous</h1>
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<hw>Phleg"mon*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>phlegmoneux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the nature or properties of phlegmon; <as>as, <ex>phlegmonous</ex> pneumonia</as>.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Phleme</h1>
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<hw>Phleme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Surg. & Far.)</fld> <def>See <er>Fleam</er>.</def>

<h1>Phleum</h1>
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<hw>Phle"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of marsh plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of grasses, including the timothy (<spn>Phleum pratense</spn>), which is highly valued for hay; cat's-tail grass.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Phlo\'89m</h1>
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<hw>Phlo"\'89m</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bark.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>That portion of fibrovascular bundles which corresponds to the inner bark; the liber tissue; -- distinguished from <i>xylem</i>.</def>

<h1>Phlogistian</h1>
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<hw>Phlo*gis"tian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A believer in the existence of phlogiston.</def>

<h1>Phlogistic</h1>
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<hw>Phlo*gis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to phlogiston, or to belief in its existence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammatory; belonging to inflammations and fevers.</def>

<h1>Phlogistical</h1>
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<hw>Phlo*gis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Phlogistic.</def>

<h1>Phlogisticate</h1>
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<hw>Phlo*gis"ti*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Phlogisticated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Phlogisticating</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>To combine phlogiston with; -- usually in the form and sense of the <tt>p. p.</tt> or the <tt>adj.</tt>; <as>as, highly <ex>phlogisticated</ex> substances</as>.</def>

<h1>Phlogistication</h1>
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<hw>Phlo*gis`ti*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process of combining with phlogiston.</def>

<h1>Phlogiston</h1>
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<hw>Phlo*gis"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ burnt, set on fire, fr. <?/ to set on fire, to burn, fr. <?/, <?/, a flame, blaze. See <er>Phlox</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>The hypothetical principle of fire, or inflammability, regarded by Stahl as a chemical element.</def>

<note>&hand; This was supposed to be united with combustible (<i>phlogisticated</i>) bodies and to be separated from incombustible (<i>dephlogisticated</i>) bodies, the phenomena of flame and burning being the escape of phlogiston. Soot and sulphur were regarded as nearly pure phlogiston.  The essential principle of this theory was, that combustion was a decomposition rather than the union and combination which it has since been shown to be.</note>
<-- this theory is now discredited and superseded by the theory of chemical reaction between oxidizable substances and oxidants as an explanation of combustion -->

<h1>Phlogogenous</h1>
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<hw>Phlo*gog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/ fire + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Causing inflammation.</def>

<h1>Phlogopite</h1>
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<hw>Phlog"o*pite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ firelike.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A kind of mica having generally a peculiar bronze-red or copperlike color and a pearly luster. It is a silicate of aluminia, with magnesia, potash, and some fluorine. It is characteristic of crystalline limestone or dolomite and serpentine. See <er>Mica</er>.</def>

<h1>Phlogosis</h1>
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<hw>Phlo*go"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ burning heat.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of external parts of the body; erysipelatous inflammation.</def>

<h1>Phlogotic</h1>
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<hw>Phlo*got"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to phlogisis.</def>

<h1>Phloramine</h1>
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<hw>Phlo*ram"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phlor</ets>lucin + <ets>amine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A basic amido derivative of phloroglucin, having an astringent taste.</def>

<h1>Phloretic</h1>
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<hw>Phlo*ret"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, or designating, an organic acid obtained by the decomposition of phloretin.</def>

<h1>Phloretin</h1>
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<hw>Phlor"e*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Phlorizin.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter white crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phlorizin, and formerly used to some extent as a substitute for quinine.</def>

<h1>Phlorizin</h1>
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<hw>Phlor"i*zin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, bark + <?/ root.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter white crystalline glucoside extracted from the root bark of the apple, pear, cherry, plum, etc.</def> <altsp>[Formerly also written <asp>phloridzin</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Phloroglucin</h1>
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<hw>Phlor`o*glu"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phlor</ets>etin + Gr. <?/ sweet.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A sweet white crystalline substance, metameric with pyrogallol, and obtained by the decomposition of phloretin, and from certain gums, as catechu, kino, etc. It belongs to the class of phenols. [Called also <altname>phloroglucinol</altname>.]</def>

<h1>Phlorol</h1>
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<hw>Phlo"rol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phlor</ets>etic + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid metameric with xylenol, belonging to the class of phenols, and obtained by distilling certain salts of phloretic acid.</def>

<h1>Phlorone</h1>
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<hw>Phlo"rone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phlor</ets>ol + quin<ets>one</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow crystalline substance having a peculiar unpleasant odor, resembling the quinones, and obtained from beechwood tar and coal tar, as also by the oxidation of xylidine; -- called also <altname>xyloquinone</altname>.</def>

<h1>Phlox</h1>
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<hw>Phlox</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a kind of flower, fr. Gr. <?/ flame, fr. <?/ to burn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of American herbs, having showy red, white, or purple flowers.</def>

<cs><col>Phlox worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of an American moth (<spn>Heliothis phloxiphaga</spn>). It is destructive to phloxes.</cd> -- <col>Phlox subulata</col>, <cd>the moss pink. See under <er>Moss</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Phlyctenular</h1>
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<hw>Phlyc*ten"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a blister or pustule.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Characterized by the presence of small pustules, or whitish elevations resembling pustules; <as>as, <ex>phlyctenular</ex> ophthalmia</as>.</def>

<h1>Phoca</h1>
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<hw>Pho"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a seal, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of seals. It includes the common harbor seal and allied species. See <er>Seal</er>.</def>

<h1>Phocacean</h1>
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<hw>Pho*ca"cean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of Phoca; a seal.</def>

<h1>Phocal</h1>
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<hw>Pho"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to seals.</def>

<h1>Phocenic</h1>
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<hw>Pho*cen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a porpoise.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to dolphin oil or porpoise oil; -- said of an acid (called also <i>delphinic</i> acid) subsequently found to be identical with valeric acid.</def>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Phocenin</h1>
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<hw>Pho*ce"nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>phoc\'82nine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Delphin</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="1078">
Page 1078<p>

<h1>Phocine</h1>
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<hw>Pho"cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>phoca</ets> a seal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the seal tribe; phocal.</def>

<h1>Phocodont</h1>
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<hw>Pho"co*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Phocodontia.</def>

<h1>Phocodontia</h1>
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<hw>Pho`co*don"ti*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a seal + <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of extinct carnivorous whales. Their teeth had compressed and serrated crowns. It includes Squalodon and allied genera.</def>

<h1>Ph\'d2be</h1>
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<hw>Ph\'d2"be</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pewee, or pewit.</def>

<h1>Ph\'d2bus</h1>
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<hw>Ph\'d2"bus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ pure, bright.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>Apollo; the sun god.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sun.</def> "<i>Ph\'d2bus</i> 'gins arise."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ph\'d2nician</h1>
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<hw>Ph\'d2*ni"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Ph\'d2nica.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Ph\'d2nica.</def></def2>

<h1>Ph\'d2nicious</h1>
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<hw>Ph\'d2*ni"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Phenicious</er>.</def>

<h1>Ph\'d2nicopterus</h1>
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<hw>Ph\'d2`ni*cop"te*rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Phenicopter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of birds which includes the flamingoes.</def>

<h1>Ph\'d2nix</h1>
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<hw>Ph\'d2"nix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a fabulous bird. See <er>Phenix</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Same as <er>Phenix</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of palms including the date tree.</def>

<h1>Pholad</h1>
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<hw>Pho"lad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of Pholas.</def>

<h1>Pholadean</h1>
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<hw>Pho*la"de*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pholad.</def>

<h1>Pholas</h1>
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<hw>Pho"las</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pholades</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a kind of mollusk.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of marine bivalve mollusks of the genus <spn>Pholas</spn>, or family <spn>Pholadid\'91</spn>. They bore holes for themselves in clay, peat, and soft rocks.</def>

<h1>Phonal</h1>
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<hw>Pho"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[Gr. <?/ the voice.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to the voice; <as>as, <ex>phonal</ex> structure</as>.</def>

<i>Max M\'81ller.</i>

<h1>Phonascetics</h1>
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<hw>Pho`nas*cet"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to practice the voice; <?/ voice + <?/ to practice.]</ety> <def>Treatment for restoring or improving the voice.</def>

<h1>Phonation</h1>
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<hw>Pho*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the voice.]</ety> <def>The act or process by which articulate sounds are uttered; the utterance of articulate sounds; articulate speech.</def>

<h1>Phonautograph</h1>
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<hw>Pho*nau"to*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ self + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument by means of which a sound can be made to produce a visible trace or record of itself. It consists essentially of a resonant vessel, usually of paraboloidal form, closed at one end by a flexible membrane. A stylus attached to some point of the membrane records the movements of the latter, as it vibrates, upon a moving cylinder or plate.</def>

<h1>Phoneidoscope</h1>
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<hw>Pho*nei"do*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ form + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for studying the motions of sounding bodies by optical means. It consists of a tube across the end of which is stretched a film of soap solution thin enough to give colored bands, the form and position of which are affected by sonorous vibrations.</def>

<h1>Phonetic</h1>
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<hw>Pho*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a sound, tone; akin to Gr. <?/ to speak: cf. F. <ets>phon\'82tique</ets>. See <er>Ban</er> a proclamation.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the voice, or its use.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Representing sounds; <as>as, <ex>phonetic</ex> characters</as>; -- opposed to <contr>ideographic</contr>; <as>as, a <ex>phonetic</ex> notation</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Phonetic spelling</col>, <cd>spelling in phonetic characters, each representing one sound only; -- contrasted with <i>Romanic spelling<i>, or that by the use of the Roman alphabet.</cd></cs>

<h1>Phonetically</h1>
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<hw>Pho*net"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a phonetic manner.</def>

<h1>Phonetician</h1>
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<hw>Pho`ne*ti"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in phonetics; a phonetist.</def>

<h1>Phonetics</h1>
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<hw>Pho*net"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The doctrine or science of sounds; especially those of the human voice; phonology.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The art of representing vocal sounds by signs and written characters.</def>

<h1>Phonetism</h1>
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<hw>Pho"ne*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science which treats of vocal sounds.</def>

<i>J. Peile.</i>

<h1>Phonetist</h1>
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<hw>Pho"ne*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One versed in phonetics; a phonologist.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who advocates a phonetic spelling.</def>

<h1>Phonetization</h1>
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<hw>Pho`ne*ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act, art, or process of representing sounds by phonetic signs.</def>

<h1>Phonetize</h1>
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<hw>Pho"ne*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To represent by phonetic signs.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Phonic</h1>
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<hw>Phon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sound: cf. F. <ets>phonique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to sound; of the nature of sound; acoustic.</def>

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Phonics</h1>
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<hw>Phon"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Phonetics</er>.</def>

<h1>Phono-</h1>
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<hw>Pho"no-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form from Gr. <?/ <i>sound</i>, <i>tone</i>; <as>as, <ex>phono</ex>graph, <ex>phono</ex>logy</as>.</def>

<h1>Phono</h1>
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<hw>Phono</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American butterfly (<spn>Ithonia phono</spn>) having nearly transparent wings.</def>

<h1>Phonocamptic</h1>
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<hw>Pho`no*camp"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phono-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to bend: cf. F. <ets>phonocamptique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Reflecting sound.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Phonocamptic</i> objects."

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Phonogram</h1>
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<hw>Pho"no*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phono-</ets> + <ets>-gram</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A letter, character, or mark used to represent a particular sound.</def>

<blockquote><b>Phonograms</b> are of three kinds: (1) Verbal signs, which stand for entire words; (2) Syllabic signs, which stand for the articulations of which words are composed; (3) Alphabetic signs, or letters, which represent the elementary sounds into which the syllable can be resolved.
<i>I. Taylor (The Alphabet).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A record of sounds made by a phonograph.</def>

<h1>Phonograph</h1>
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<hw>Pho"no*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phono-</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A character or symbol used to represent a sound, esp. one used in phonography.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for the mechanical registration and reproduction of audible sounds, as articulate speech, etc. It consists of a rotating cylinder or disk covered with some material easily indented, as tinfoil, wax, paraffin, etc., above which is a thin plate carrying a stylus. As the plate vibrates under the influence of a sound, the stylus makes minute indentations or undulations in the soft material, and these, when the cylinder or disk is again turned, set the plate in vibration, and reproduce the sound.</def>

<h1>Phonographer</h1>
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<hw>Pho*nog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One versed or skilled in phonography.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who uses, or is skilled in the use of, the phonograph. See <er>Phonograph</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Phonographic, Phonographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pho`no*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pho`no*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>phonographique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to phonography; based upon phonography.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to phonograph; done by the phonograph.</def>

<h1>Phonographically</h1>
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<hw>Pho`no*graph"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a phonographic manner; by means of phonograph.</def>

<h1>Phonographist</h1>
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<hw>Pho*nog"ra*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Phonographer.</def>

<h1>Phonography</h1>
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<hw>Pho*nog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phono-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A description of the laws of the human voice, or sounds uttered by the organs of speech.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A representation of sounds by distinctive characters; commonly, a system of shorthand writing invented by Isaac Pitman, or a modification of his system, much used by reporters.</def>

<note>&hand; The consonants are represented by straight lines and curves; the vowels by dots and short dashes; but by skilled phonographers, in rapid work, most vowel marks are omitted, and brief symbols for common words and combinations of words are extensively employed. The following line is an example of phonography, in which all the sounds are indicated: --

<-- illustr. of phonetic transcription of the line below -->

<blockquote>They also serve who only stand and wait.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>
</note>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>The art of constructing, or using, the phonograph.</def>

<h1>Phonolite</h1>
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<hw>Pho"no*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phono-</ets> + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>phonolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A compact, feldspathic, igneous rock containing nephelite, ha\'81ynite, etc. Thin slabs give a ringing sound when struck; -- called also <altname>clinkstone</altname>.</def>

<h1>Phonologer</h1>
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<hw>Pho*nol"o*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A phonologist.</def>

<h1>Phonologic, Phonological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pho`no*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pho`no*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to phonology.</def>

<h1>Phonologist</h1>
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<hw>Pho*nol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in phonology.</def>

<h1>Phonology</h1>
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<hw>Pho*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phono-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science or doctrine of the elementary sounds uttered by the human voice in speech, including the various distinctions, modifications, and combinations of tones; phonetics. Also, a treatise on sounds.</def>

<h1>Phonometer</h1>
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<hw>Pho*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phono-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring sounds, as to their intensity, or the frequency of the vibrations.</def>

<h1>Phonomotor</h1>
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<hw>Pho`no*mo"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phono-</ets> + <ets>-motor</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument in which motion is produced by the vibrations of a sounding body.</def>

<h1>Phonorganon</h1>
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<hw>Pho*nor"ga*non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Phono-</er>, and <er>Organon</er>.]</ety> <def>A speaking machine.</def>

<h1>Phonoscope</h1>
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<hw>Pho"no*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phono-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument for observing or exhibiting the motions or properties of sounding bodies; especially, an apparatus invented by K\'94nig for testing the quality of musical strings.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An instrument for producing luminous figures by the vibrations of sounding bodies.</def>

<h1>Phonotypr</h1>
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<hw>Pho"no*typr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phono-</ets> + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <def>A type or character used in phonotypy.</def>

<h1>Phonotypic, Phonotypical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pho`no*typ"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pho`no*typ"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to phonotypy; <as>as, a <ex>phonotypic</ex> alphabet</as>.</def>

<h1>Phonotypist</h1>
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<hw>Pho*not"y*pist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in phonotypy.</def>

<h1>Phonotypy</h1>
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<hw>Pho*not"y*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A method of phonetic printing of the English language, as devised by Mr. Pitman, in which nearly all the ordinary letters and many new forms are employed in order to indicate each elementary sound by a separate character.</def>

<h1>Phorminx</h1>
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<hw>Phor"minx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A kind of lyre used by the Greeks.</def>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Phormium</h1>
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<hw>Phor"mi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. fr. Gr. <?/ a plaited mat, a kind of plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of liliaceous plants, consisting of one species (<spn>Phormium tenax</spn>). See <er>Flax-plant</er>.</def>

<h1>Phorone</h1>
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<hw>Phor"one</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cam<ets>phor</ets> + acet<ets>one</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow crystalline substance, having a geraniumlike odor, regarded as a complex derivative of acetone, and obtained from certain camphor compounds.</def>

<h1>Phoronis</h1>
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<hw>Pho*ro"nis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>Phoronis</ets>, a surname of Io, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A remarkable genus of marine worms having tentacles around the mouth. It is usually classed with the gephyreans. Its larva (<spn>Actinotrocha</spn>) undergoes a peculiar metamorphosis.</def>

<h1>Phoronomia</h1>
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<hw>Phor`o*no"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Phoronomics</er>.</def>

<h1>Phoronomics</h1>
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<hw>Phor`o*nom"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a carrying, motion + <?/ a law.]</ety> <def>The science of motion; kinematics.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Weisbach.</i>

<h1>Phosgene</h1>
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<hw>Phos"gene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ light + the root of <?/ to be born: cf. F. <ets>phosg\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Producing, or produced by, the action of light; -- formerly used specifically to designate a gas now called <altname>carbonyl chloride</altname>. See <er>Carbonyl</er>.</def><-- still called phosgene.  It was used as a poison gas in World War I. -->

<h1>Phosgenite</h1>
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<hw>Phos"gen*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A rare mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals of a white, yellow, or grayish color and adamantine luster. It is a chlorocarbonate of lead.</def>

<h1>Phospham</h1>
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<hw>Phos"pham</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phosph</ets>orus + <ets>am</ets>monia.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An inert amorphous white powder, <chform>PN2H</chform>, obtained by passing ammonia over heated phosphorus.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>phosphame</asp>.]</altsp> -- <wordforms><wf>Phos"pham"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Phosphate</h1>
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<hw>Phos"phate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of phosphoric acid.</def>

<h1>Phosphatic</h1>
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<hw>Phos*phat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus, phosphoric acid, or phosphates; <as>as, <ex>phosphatic</ex> nodules</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Phosphatic diathesis</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a habit of body which leads to the undue excretion of phosphates with the urine.</cd></cs>

<h1>Phosphaturia</h1>
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<hw>Phos`pha*tu"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Phosphate</er>, and <er>Urine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The excessive discharge of phosphates in the urine.</def>

<h1>Phosphene</h1>
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<hw>Phos"phene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ light + <?/ to show.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A luminous impression produced through excitation of the retina by some cause other than the impingement upon it of rays of light, as by pressure upon the eyeball when the lids are closed. Cf. <er>After-image</er>.</def>

<h1>Phosphide</h1>
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<hw>Phos"phide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A binary compound of phosphorus.</def>

<h1>Phosphine</h1>
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<hw>Phos"phine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless gas, <chform>PH3</chform>, analogous to ammonia, and having a disagreeable odor resembling that of garlic. Called also <altname>hydrogen phosphide</altname>, and formerly, <altname>phosphureted hydrogen</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; It is the most important compound of phosphorus and hydrogen, and is produced by the action of caustic potash on phosphorus. It is spontaneously inflammable, owing to impurities, and in burning produces peculiar vortical rings of smoke.</note>

<h1>Phosphinic</h1>
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<hw>Phos*phin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, certain acids analogous to the phosphonic acids, but containing two hydrocarbon radicals, and derived from the secondary phosphines by oxidation.</def>

<h1>Phosphite</h1>
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<hw>Phos"phite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of phosphorous acid.</def>

<h1>Phosphonic</h1>
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<hw>Phos*phon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phosph</ets>oric + sulph<ets>onic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, certain derivatives of phosphorous acid containing a hydrocarbon radical, and analogous to the sulphonic acid.</def>

<h1>Phosphonium</h1>
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<hw>Phos*pho"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phosph</ets>orus + amm<ets>onium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The hypothetical radical <chform>PH4</chform>, analogous to ammonium, and regarded as the nucleus of certain derivatives of phosphine.</def>

<h1>Phosphor</h1>
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<hw>Phos"phor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>phosphor</ets>. See <er>Phosphorus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Phosphorus.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The planet Venus, when appearing as the morning star; Lucifer.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Pope. Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Phosphorate</h1>
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<hw>Phos"phor*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Phosphorated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Phosphorating</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To impregnate, or combine, with phosphorus or its compounds; <as>as, <ex>phosphorated</ex> oil</as>.</def>

<h1>Phosphor-bronze</h1>
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<hw>Phos"phor-bronze`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phosphor</ets> + <ets>bronze</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A variety of bronze possessing great hardness, elasticity, and toughness, obtained by melting copper with tin phosphide. It contains one or two per cent of phosphorus and from five to fifteen per cent of tin.</def>

<h1>Phosphoreous</h1>
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<hw>Phos*pho"re*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Phosphorescent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Phosphoresce</h1>
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<hw>Phos`phor*esce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Phosphoresced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Phosphorescing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To shine as phosphorus; to be phosphorescent; to emit a phosphoric light.</def>

<h1>Phosphorescence</h1>
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<hw>Phos`phor*es"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>phosphorescence</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being phosphorescent; or the act of phosphorescing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A phosphoric light.</def>

<h1>Phosphorescent</h1>
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<hw>Phos`phor*es"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>phosphorescent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shining with a phosphoric light; luminous without sensible heat.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A phosphorescent substance.</def></def2>

<h1>Phosphoric</h1>
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<hw>Phos*phor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>phosphorique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>(<i>Chem</i>.) Of or pertaining to phosphorus; resembling, or containing, from us; specifically, designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a higher valence as contrasted with the <i>phosphorous</i> compounds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Phosphorescent.</def> "A <i>phosphoric</i> sea."

<i>Byron.</i>

<cs><col>Glacial phosphoric acid</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Metaphosphoric acid in the form of glassy semitransparent masses or sticks</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Pure normal phosphoric acid.</cd> -- <col>Phosphoric acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white crystalline substance, <chform>H3PO4</chform>, which is the most highly oxidized acid of phosphorus, and forms an important and extensive series of compounds, viz., the phosphates.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Soluble phosphoric acid</col>, <col>Insoluble phosphoric acid</col></mcol> <fld>(Agric. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>phosphoric acid combined in acid salts, or in neutral or basic salts, which are respectively soluble and insoluble in water or in plant juices.</cd> -- <col>Reverted phosphoric acid</col> <fld>(Agric. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>phosphoric acid changed from acid (soluble) salts back to neutral or basic (insoluble) salts.</cd></cs>

<h1>Phosphorical</h1>
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<hw>Phos*phor"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Phosphoric.</def>

<h1>Phosphorite</h1>
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<hw>Phos"phor*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>(min.) A massive variety of apatite.</def>

<h1>Phosphoritic</h1>
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<hw>Phos`phor*it"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to phosphorite; resembling, or of the nature of, phosphorite.</def>

<h1>Phosphorize</h1>
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<hw>Phos"phor*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To phosphorate.</def>

<h1>Phosphorized</h1>
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<hw>Phos"phor*ized</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing, or impregnated with, phosphorus.</def>

<h1>Phosphorogenic</h1>
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<hw>Phos`phor*o*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phosphorus</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets> + <ets>-ic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Generating phosphorescence; <as>as, <ex>phosphorogenic</ex> rays</as>.</def>

<h1>Phosphoroscope</h1>
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<hw>Phos*phor"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phosphorus</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An apparatus for observing the phosphorescence produced in different bodies by the action of light, and for measuring its duration.</def>

<h1>Phosphorous</h1>
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<hw>Phos"phor*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>phosphoreux</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to phosphorus; resembling or containing phosphorus; specifically, designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a lower valence as contrasted with <i>phosphoric</i> compounds; <as>as, <ex>phosphorous</ex> acid, <chform>H3PO3</chform></as>.</def>

<h1>Phosphorus</h1>
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<hw>Phos"phor*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phosphori</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., the morning star, Gr. <?/, lit., light bringer; <?/ light + <?/ to bring.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The morning star; Phosphor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous nonmetallic element of the nitrogen group, obtained as a white, or yellowish, translucent waxy substance, having a characteristic disagreeable smell. It is very active chemically, must be preserved under water, and unites with oxygen even at ordinary temperatures, giving a faint glow, -- whence its name. It always occurs compined, usually in phosphates, as in the mineral apatite, in bones, etc. It is used in the composition on the tips of friction matches, and for many other purposes. The molecule contains four atoms. Symbol P. Atomic weight 31.0.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Hence, any substance which shines in the dark like phosphorus, as certain phosphorescent bodies.</def>

<cs><col>Bologna phosphorus</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>sulphide of barium, which shines in the dark after exposure to light; -- so called because this property was discovered by a resident of <i>Bologna<i>. The term is sometimes applied to other compounds having similar properties.</cd> -- <col>Metallic phosphorus</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a gray metallic crystalline substance, having very inert chemical properties. It is obtained by heating ordinary phosphorus in a closed vessel at a high temperature.</cd> -- <col>Phosphorus disease</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a disease common among workers in phosphorus, giving rise to necrosis of the jawbone, and other symptoms.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red, &or; Amorphous</col>, <col>phosphorus</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a dark red powder by heating ordinary phosphorus in closed vessels. It is not poisonous, is not phosphorescent, and is only moderately active chemically. It is valuable as a chemical reagent, and is used in the composition of the friction surface on which safety matches are ignited.</cd> -- <col>Solar phosphori</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>phosphorescent substances which shine in the dark after exposure to the sunlight or other intense light.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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Page 1079<p>

<h1>Phosphoryl</h1>
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<hw>Phos"phor*yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phosphor</ets>us + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The radical <chform>PO</chform>, regarded as the typical nucleus of certain compounds.</def>

<h1>Phosphuret</h1>
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<hw>Phos"phu*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A phosphide.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<h1>Phosphureted</h1>
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<hw>Phos"phu*ret`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Impregnated, or combined, with phosphorus.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>phosphuretted</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Phosphureted hydrogen</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Phosphine</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Photic</h1>
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<hw>Pho"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, light.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Relating to the production of light by the lower animals.</def>

<h1>Photics</h1>
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<hw>Pho"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The science of light; -- a general term sometimes employed when <i>optics</i> is restricted to light as a producing vision.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Photo</h1>
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<hw>Pho"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Photos</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A contraction of <er>Photograph</er>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Photo-</h1>
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<hw>Pho"to-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form from Gr. <grk>fw^s</grk>, <grk>fwto`s</grk>, <xlati>light</xlati>; <as>as, <ex>photo</ex>graphy, <ex>photo</ex>type, <ex>photo</ex>meter</as>.</def>

<h1>Photobiotic</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*bi*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>biotic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Requiring light to live; incapable of living without light; <as>as, <ex>photobiotic</ex> plant cells</as>.</def>

<h1>Photochemical</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*chem"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>chemical</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to chemical action of light, or produced by it; <as>as, the <ex>photochemical</ex> changes of the visual purple of the retina</as>.</def>

<h1>Photochemistry</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*chem"is*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>chemistry</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The branch of chemistry which relates to the effect of light in producing chemical changes, as in photography.</def>

<h1>Photochromic, Photochromatic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pho`to*chro"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pho`to*chro*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to photochromy; produced by photochromy.</def>

<h1>Photochromy</h1>
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<hw>Pho*toch"ro*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ color.]</ety> <def>The art or process of reproducing colors by photography.</def>

<h1>Photodrome</h1>
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<hw>Pho"to*drome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to run.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An apparatus consisting of a large wheel with spokes, which when turning very rapidly is illuminated by momentary flashes of light passing through slits in a rotating disk.  By properly timing the succession of flashes the wheel is made to appear to be motionless, or to rotate more or less slowly in either direction.</def>

<h1>Photo-electric</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to-e*lec"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>electric</ets>.]</ety> <def>Acting by the operation of both light and electricity; -- said of apparatus for producing pictures by electric light.</def>

<h1>Photo-electrotype</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to-e*lec"tro*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>An electrotype plate formed in a mold made by photographing on prepared gelatine, etc.</def>

<h1>Photo-engraving</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to-en*grav"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>engraving</ets>.]</ety> <def>The process of obtaining an etched or engraved plate from the photographic image, to be used in printing; also, a picture produced by such a process.</def>

<h1>Photo-epinasty</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to-ep"i*nas`ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Photo-</er>, and <er>Epinastic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A disproportionately rapid growth of the upper surface of dorsiventral organs, such as leaves, through the stimulus of exposure to light.</def>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Photogalvanography</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*gal`va*nog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>galvanography</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or process of making photo-electrotypes.</def>

<i>Sir D. Brewster.</i>

<h1>Photogen</h1>
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<hw>Pho"to*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A light hydrocarbon oil resembling kerosene. It is obtained by distilling coal, paraffin, etc., and is used as a lubricant, illuminant, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>photogene</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Photogene</h1>
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<hw>Pho"to*gene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Photogen</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A photograph.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A more or less continued impression or image on the retina.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Photogenic</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to photogeny; producing or generating light.</def>

<h1>Photogeny</h1>
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<hw>Pho*tog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Photogen</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Photography</er>.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<h1>Photoglyphic</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*glyph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to engrave.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the art of engraving by the action of light.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>photoglyptic</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Photoglyphic engraving</col>, <cd>a process of etching on copper, steel, or zinc, by means of the action of light and certain chemicals, so that from the plate impressions may be taken.</cd></cs>

<i>Sir D. Brewster.</i>

<h1>Photoglyphy</h1>
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<hw>Pho*tog"ly*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Photoglyphic engraving. See under <er>Photoglyphic</er>.</def>

<h1>Photoglyptic</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*glyp"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Photoglyphic</er>.</def>

<h1>Photogram</h1>
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<hw>Pho"to*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>-gram</ets>.]</ety> <def>A photograph.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Photograph</h1>
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<hw>Pho"to*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A picture or likeness obtained by photography.</def>

<h1>Photograph</h1>
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<hw>Pho"to*graph</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Photographed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Photographing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To take a picture or likeness of by means of photography; <as>as, to <ex>photograph</ex> a view; to <ex>photograph</ex> a group.</as></def>

<blockquote>He makes his pen drawing on white paper, and they are afterwards <b>photographed</b> on wood.
<i>Hamerton.</i></blockquote>

<note>Also used figuratively.</note>

<blockquote>He is <b>photographed</b> on my mind.
<i>Lady D. Hardy.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Photograph</h1>
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<hw>Pho"to*graph</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To practice photography; to take photographs.</def>

<h1>Photographer</h1>
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<hw>Pho*tog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices, or is skilled in, photography.</def>

<h1>Photographic, Photographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pho`to*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pho`to*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>photographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to photography; obtained by photography; used ib photography; as a <i>photographic</i> picture; a <i>photographic</i> camera.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pho`to*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Photographic printing</col>, <cd>the process of obtaining pictures, as on chemically prepared paper, from photographic negatives, by exposure to light.</cd></cs>

<h1>Photographist</h1>
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<hw>Pho*tog"ra*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A photographer.</def>

<h1>Photographometer</h1>
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<hw>Pho*tog"ra*phom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photograph</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>An instrument for determining the sensibility of the plates employed in photographic processes to luminous rays.</def>

<h1>Photography</h1>
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<hw>Pho*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>photographie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science which relates to the action of light on sensitive bodies in the production of pictures, the fixation of images, and the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The art or process of producing pictures by this action of light.</def>

<note>&hand; The well-focused optical image is thrown on a surface of metal, glass, paper, or other suitable substance, coated with collodion or gelatin, and sensitized with the chlorides, bromides, or iodides of silver, or other salts sensitive to light. The exposed plate is then treated with reducing agents, as pyrogallic acid, ferrous sulphate, etc., to develop the latent image. The image is then fixed by washing off the excess of unchanged sensitive salt with sodium hyposulphite (<i>thiosulphate</i>) or other suitable reagents.</note>

<-- color photography, the production of colored images by a photographic process.  A variety of dyes are used to produced the colored images.  Processes may or may not use silver to produce the colored image. -->

<h1>Photogravure</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*grav"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A photoengraving; also, the process by which such a picture is produced.</def>

<h1>Photoheliograph</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*he"li*o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>heliograph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A modified kind of telescope adapted to taking photographs of the sun.</def>

<h1>Photolithograph</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*lith"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>lithograph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lithographic picture or copy from a stone prepared by the aid of photography.</def>

<h1>Photolithograph</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*lith"o*graph</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To produce (a picture, a copy) by the process of photolithography.</def>

<h1>Photolithographer</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*li*thog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices, or one who employs, photolithography.</def>

<h1>Photolithographic</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*lith`o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to photolithography; produced by photolithography.</def>

<h1>Photolithography</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*li*thog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or process of producing photolithographs.</def>

<-- The process by which the image of a pattern is transferred photographically to a sensitive surface, and the surface subsequently etched; used for printing or in the production of integrated circuits. -->

<h1>Photologic, Photological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pho`to*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pho`to*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to photology, or the doctrine of light.</def>

<h1>Photologist</h1>
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<hw>Pho*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who studies or expounds the laws of light.</def>

<h1>Photology</h1>
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<hw>Pho*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>photologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine or science of light, explaining its nature and phenomena; optics.</def>

<h1>Photomagnetic</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*mag*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to photomagnetism.</def>

<h1>Photomagnetism</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*mag"net*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The branch of science which treats of the relation of magnetism to light.</def>

<h1>Photomechanical</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*me*chan"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, any photographic process in which a printing surface is obtained without the intervention of hand engraving.</def>

<h1>Photometer</h1>
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<hw>Pho*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>photom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the intensity of light, or, more especially, for comparing the relative intensities of different lights, or their relative illuminating power.</def>

<h1>Photometric, Photometrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pho`to*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pho`to*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>photom\'82trique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to photometry, or to a photometer.</def>

<h1>Photometrician</h1>
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<hw>Pho*tom`e*tri"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One engaged in the scientific measurement of light.</def>

<h1>Photometry</h1>
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<hw>Pho*tom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>photom\'82trie</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of science which treats of the measurement of the intensity of light.</def>

<h1>Photomicrograph</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*mi"cro*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>micro</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An enlarged or macroscopic photograph of a microscopic object. See <er>Microphotograph</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A microscopically small photograph of an object.</def>

<h1>Photomicrography</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*mi*crog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of producing photomicrographs.</def>

<h1>Photophobia</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*pho"bi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, light + <?/ fear.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A dread or intolerance of light.</def>

<i>Sir T. Watson.</i>

<h1>Photophone</h1>
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<hw>Pho"to*phone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ sound.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An apparatus for the production of sound by the action of rays of light.</def>

<i>A. G. Bell.</i>

<h1>Photophonic</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*phon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to photophone.</def>

<h1>Photophony</h1>
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<hw>Pho*toph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or practice of using the photophone.</def>

<h1>Photopsia</h1>
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<hw>Pho*top"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, light + <?/ sight.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An affection of the eye, in which the patient perceives luminous rays, flashes, coruscations, etc. See <er>phosphene</er>.</def>

<h1>Photopsy</h1>
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<hw>Pho*top"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Photopsia</er>.</def>

<h1>Photorelief</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*re*lief"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A printing surface in relief, obtained by photographic means and subsequent manipulations.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Photoscope</h1>
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<hw>Pho"to*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Anything employed for the observation of light or luminous effects.</def>

<h1>Photoscopic</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the photoscope or its uses.</def>

<h1>Photosculpture</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*sculp"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>sculpture</ets>.]</ety> <def>A process in which, by means of a number of photographs simultaneously taken from different points of view on the same level, rough models of the figure or bust of a person or animal may be made with great expedition.</def>

<h1>Photosphere</h1>
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<hw>Pho"to*sphere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>sphere</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sphere of light; esp., the luminous envelope of the sun.</def>

<h1>Photospheric</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*spher"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the photosphere.</def>

<h1>Phototonus</h1>
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<hw>Pho*tot"o*nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Photo-</er>, and <er>Tone</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A motile condition in plants resulting from exposure to light.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pho`to*ton"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Phototropic</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Heliotropic</er>.</def>

<h1>Phototype</h1>
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<hw>Pho"to*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <def>A plate or block with a printing surface (usually in relief) obtained from a photograph; also, any one of the many methods of processes by which such a printing surface is obtained.</def>

<h1>Phototypic</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*typ"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a phototype or phototypy.</def>

<h1>Phototypography</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*ty*pog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>typography</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Phototypy</er>.</def>

<h1>Phototypy</h1>
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<hw>Pho*tot"y*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or process of producing phototypes.</def>

<h1>Photoxylography</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*xy*log"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>xylography</ets>.]</ety> <def>The process of producing a representation of an object on wood, by photography, for the use of the wood engraver.</def>

<h1>Photozincograph</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*zin"co*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A print made by photozincography.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pho`to*zin`co*graph"ic</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Photozincography</h1>
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<hw>Pho`to*zin*cog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Photo-</ets> + <ets>zincography</ets>.]</ety> <def>A process, analogous to photolithography, for reproducing photographed impressions transferred to zinc plate.</def>

<h1>Phragmocone</h1>
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<hw>Phrag"mo*cone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a fence, an inclosure + <?/ a cone.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The thin chambered shell attached to the anterior end of a belemnite.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>phragmacone</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Phragmosiphon</h1>
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<hw>Phrag`mo*si"phon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The siphon of a phragmocone.</def>

<h1>Phrasal</h1>
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<hw>Phras"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of a phrase; consisting of a phrase; <as>as, a <ex>phrasal</ex> adverb</as>.</def>

<i>Earlc.</i>

<h1>Phrase</h1>
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<hw>Phrase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>phrasis</ets> diction, phraseology, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to speak.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A brief expression, sometimes a single word, but usually two or more words forming an expression by themselves, or being a portion of a sentence; <as>as, an adverbial <ex>phrase</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>"Convey" the wise it call. "Steal!" foh! a fico for the <b>phrase</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A short, pithy expression; especially, one which is often employed; a peculiar or idiomatic turn of speech; <as>as, <ex>to err is human</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A mode or form of speech; the manner or style in which any one expreses himself; diction; expression.</def> "<i>Phrases</i> of the hearth."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>Thou speak'st
In better <b>phrase</b> and matter than thou didst.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short clause or portion of a period.</def>

<note>&hand; A composition consists first of sentences, or <i>periods</i>; these are subdivided into <i>sections</i>, and these into <i>phrases</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Phrase book</col>, <cd>a book of idiomatic phrases.</cd></cs>

<i>J. S. Blackie.</i>

<h1>Phrase</h1>
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<hw>Phrase</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Phrased</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Phrasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>phraser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To express in words, or in peculiar words; to call; to style.</def> "These suns -- for so they <i>phrase</i> 'em."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Phrase</h1>
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<hw>Phrase</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To use proper or fine phrases.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To group notes into phrases; <as>as, he <ex>phrases</ex> well</as>. See <er>Phrase</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<h1>Phraseless</h1>
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<hw>Phrase"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Indescribable.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Phraseogram</h1>
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<hw>Phra"se*o*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a phrase + <ets>-gram</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Phonography)</fld> <def>A symbol for a phrase.</def>

<h1>Phraseologic, Phraseological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phra`se*o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phra`se*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to phraseology; consisting of a peculiar form of words.</def> "This verbal or <i>phraseological</i> answer."

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Phraseologist</h1>
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<hw>Phra`se*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A collector or coiner of phrases.</def>

<h1>Phraseology</h1>
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<hw>Phra`se*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, phrase + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>phras\'82ologie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Manner of expression; peculiarity of diction; style.</def>

<blockquote>Most completely national in his . . . <b>phraseology</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collection of phrases; a phrase book.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Diction; style. See <er>Diction</er>.</syn>

<h1>Phrasing</h1>
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<hw>Phras"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Method of expression; association of words.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The act or method of grouping the notes so as to form distinct musical phrases.</def>

<h1>Phratry</h1>
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<hw>Phra"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phratries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A subdivision of a phyle, or tribe, in Athens.</def>

<h1>Phreatic</h1>
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<hw>Phre*at"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>phr\'82atique</ets>, from Gr. <?/, <?/, a well.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Subterranean; -- applied to sources supplying wells.</def>

<h1>Phrenetic, Phrenetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phre*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phre*net"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>phreneticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/: cf. F. <ets>phr\'82n\'82tique</ets>. See <er>Frantic</er>, and cf. <er>Frenetic</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to phrenitis; suffering from frenzy; delirious; mad; frantic; frenetic.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Phre*net"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Phrenetic</h1>
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<hw>Phre*net"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is phrenetic.</def>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<hr>
<page="1080">
Page 1080<p>

<hr>
<page="1080">
Page 1080<p>

<h1>Phrenic</h1>
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<hw>Phren"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the midriff, or diaphragm, the heart, the mind: cf. F. <ets>phr\'82nique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the diaphragm; diaphragmatic; <as>as, the <ex>phrenic</ex> nerve</as>.</def>

<h1>Phrenics</h1>
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<hw>Phren"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That branch of science which relates to the mind; mental philosophy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Phrenism</h1>
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<hw>Phre"nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Phrenic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Vital force</cref>, under <er>Vital</er>.</def>

<h1>Phrenitis</h1>
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<hw>Phre*ni"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the brain, or of the meninges of the brain, attended with acute fever and delirium; -- called also <altname>cephalitis</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Frenzy</er>.</def>

<h1>Phrenograph</h1>
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<hw>Phre"no*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the migriff + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for registering the movements of the diaphragm, or midriff, in respiration.</def>

<h1>Phrenologer</h1>
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<hw>Phre*nol"o*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A phrenologist.</def>

<h1>Phrenologic</h1>
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<hw>Phren`o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>phr\'82nologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Phrenological.</def>

<h1>Phrenological</h1>
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<hw>Phren`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to phrenology.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Phren`o*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Phrenologist</h1>
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<hw>Phre*nol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>phr\'82nologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in phrenology; a craniologist.</def>

<h1>Phrenology</h1>
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<hw>Phre*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the mind + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>phr\'82nologie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science of the special functions of the several parts of the brain, or of the supposed connection between the various faculties of the mind and particular organs in the brain.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In popular usage, the physiological hypothesis of Gall, that the mental faculties, and traits of character, are shown on the surface of the head or skull; craniology.</def>
<-- considered pseudo-science by all reputable medical personnel, but still believed by  -->

<note>&hand; Gall marked out on his model of the head the places of twenty-six organs, as round inclosures with vacant interspaces. Spurzheim and Combe divided the whole scalp into oblong and conterminous patches.</note>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<-- Illustr. of a chart of phrenology, showing the areas of the skull as "mapped" by Gall. -->

<h1>Phrenomagnetism</h1>
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<hw>Phre`no*mag"net*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the mind + E. <ets>magnetism</ets>.]</ety> <def>The power of exciting the organs of the brain by magnetic or mesmeric influence.</def>

<h1>Phrenosin</h1>
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<hw>Phre"no*sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Phrenic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous body, related to cerebrin, supposed to exist in the brain.</def>

<h1>Phrensied</h1>
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<hw>Phren"sied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>See <er>Frenzied</er>.</def>

<h1>Phrensy</h1>
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<hw>Phren"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Violent and irrational excitement; delirium. See <er>Frenzy</er>.</def>

<h1>Phrensy</h1>
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<hw>Phren"sy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render frantic.</def>

<h1>Phrentic</h1>
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<hw>Phren"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <def>See <er>Phrenetic</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Phryganeid</h1>
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<hw>Phry*ga"ne*id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any insect belonging to the Phryganeides.</def>

<h1>Phryganeides</h1>
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<hw>Phryg`a*ne"i*des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>Phryganea</ets>, the typical genus, fr. Gr. <?/ a dry stick.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tribe of neuropterous insects which includes the caddice flies; -- called also <altname>Trichoptera</altname>. See <er>Trichoptera</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Phryganides</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Phrygian</h1>
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<hw>Phryg"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Phrygius</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ Phrygia, a country of Asia Minor.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Phrygia, or to its inhabitants.</def>

<cs><col>Phrygian mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>one of the ancient Greek modes, very bold and vehement in style; -- so called because fabled to have been invented by the <i>Phrygian<i> Marsyas. <i>Moore (Encyc. of Music)</i>.</cd> -- <col>Phrygian stone</col>, <cd>a light, spongy stone, resembling a pumice, -- used by the ancients in dyeing, and said to be drying and astringent.</cd></cs>

<h1>Phrygian</h1>
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<hw>Phryg"i*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of Phrygia.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A Montanist.</def>

<h1>Phthalate</h1>
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<hw>Phthal"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of phthalic acid.</def>

<h1>Phthalein</h1>
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<hw>Phthal"e*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Phthalic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of artificial organic dyes made as condensation products of the phenols with phthalic acid, and well represented by phenol phthale\'8bn. Their alkaline solutions are fluorescent.</def>

<cs><col>Phenol phthalein</col>, <cd>a white or yellowish white crystalline substance made from phthalic acid and phenol. Its solution in alkalies is brilliant red, but is decolorized by acids, and as this reaction is exceedingly delicate it is used as an indicator.</cd></cs>

<h1>Phthalic</h1>
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<hw>Phthal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Na<ets>phthal</ets>ene + <ets>-ic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid obtained by the oxidation of naphthalene and allied substances.</def>

<cs><col>Phthalic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a white crystalline substance, <chform>C6H4.(CO2H)2</chform>, analogous to benzoic acid, and employed in the brilliant dyestuffs called the phthaleins.</cd></cs>

<h1>Phthalide</h1>
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<hw>Phthal"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phthal</ets>yl + anhydr<ets>ide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A lactone obtained by reduction of phthalyl chloride, as a white crystalline substance; hence, by extension, any one of the series of which phthalide proper is the type.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>phthalid</asp>.]</altsp>
<-- phthalic anhydride? would be classed as an acid anhydride, rather than a lactone.  Obtained commercially by a different process. -->

<h1>Phthalimide</h1>
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<hw>Phthal"i*mide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phthal</ets>ic + <ets>imide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An imido derivative of phthalic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance, <chform>C6H4.(CO)2NH</chform>, which has itself (like succinimide) acid properties, and forms a series of salts. Cf. <i>Imido acid</i>, under <er>Imido</er>.</def>

<h1>Phthalin</h1>
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<hw>Phthal"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless crystalline substance obtained by reduction from phthale\'8bn, into which it is easily converted by oxidation; hence, any one of the series of which phthalin proper is the type.</def>

<h1>Phthalyl</h1>
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<hw>Phthal"yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phthal</ets>ic + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The hypothetical radical of phthalic acid.</def><-- now usu. pthaloyl -->

<h1>Phthiriasis</h1>
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<hw>Phthi*ri"a*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ louse.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease (<i>morbus pediculous</i>) consisting in the excessive multiplication of lice on the human body.</def>

<h1>Phthisic</h1>
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<hw>Phthis"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Phthisis</er>.</def>

<h1>Phthisical</h1>
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<hw>Phthis"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>phthisicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>phthisique</ets>. See <er>Phthisis</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to phthisis; affected with phthisis; wasting; consumptive.</def>

<h1>Phthisicky</h1>
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<hw>Phthis"ick*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having phthisis, or some symptom of it, as difficulty in breathing.</def>

<h1>Phthisiology</h1>
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<hw>Phthis`i*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phthisis</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A treatise on phthisis.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Phthisipneumonia, Phthisipneumony</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phthis`ip*neu*mo"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phthis`ip*neu"mo*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Phthisis</er>, <er>Pneumonia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pulmonary consumption.</def>

<h1>Phthisis</h1>
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<hw>Phthi"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to pass or waste away: cf. F. <ets>phthisie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A wasting or consumption of the tissues. The term was formerly applied to many wasting diseases, but is now usually restricted to pulmonary phthisis, or consumption. See <er>Consumption</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Fibroid phthisis</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fibroid</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Phthongal</h1>
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<hw>Phthon"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ voice.]</ety> <def>Formed into, or characterized by, voice; vocalized; -- said of all the vowels and the semivowels, also of the vocal or sonant consonants <i>g</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>b</i>, <i>l</i>, <i>r</i>, <i>v</i>, <i>z</i>, etc.</def>

<h1>Phthongal</h1>
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<hw>Phthon"gal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A vocalized element or letter.</def>

<h1>Phthongometer</h1>
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<hw>Phthon*gom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ voice + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring vocal sounds.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Phthor</h1>
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<hw>Phthor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>phthore</ets>, Gr. <?/ to destroy.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Fluorine.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>phthor</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Phycite</h1>
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<hw>Phy"cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ seaweed.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Erythrite</er>, 1.</def>

<h1>Phycochrome</h1>
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<hw>Phy"co*chrome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ seaweed + <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A bluish green coloring matter of certain alg\'91.</def>

<h1>Phycocyanin, Phycocyanine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phy`co*cy"a*nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phy`co*cy"a*nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ seaweed + E. <ets>cyanin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A blue coloring matter found in certain alg\'91.</def>

<h1>Phycoerythrin, Phycoerythrine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phy`co*e*ryth"rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phy`co*e*ryth"rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ seaweed + E. <ets>erythrin</ets>, <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety> <def>A red coloring matter found in alg\'91 of the subclass <spn>Floride\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Phycography</h1>
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<hw>Phy*cog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ seaweed + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of seaweeds.</def>

<h1>Phycology</h1>
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<hw>Phy*col"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ seaweed + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of alg\'91, or seaweeds; algology.</def>

<h1>Phycomater</h1>
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<hw>Phy`co*ma"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ seaweed + L. <ets>mater</ets> mother.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A gelatin in which the alg\'91 spores have been supposed to vegetate.</def>

<h1>Phycoph\'91ine</h1>
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<hw>Phy`co*ph\'91"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ seaweed + (<?/) dusky.]</ety> <def>A brown coloring matter found in certain alg\'91.</def>

<h1>Phycoxanthin, Phycoxanthine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phy`co*xan"thin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phy`co*xan"thine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ seaweed + <?/ yellow.]</ety> <def>A yellowish coloring matter found in certain alg\'91.</def>

<h1>Phylacter</h1>
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<hw>Phy*lac"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A phylactery.</def>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Phylactered</h1>
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<hw>Phy*lac"tered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing a phylactery.</def>

<h1>Phylacteric, Phylacterical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phyl`ac*ter"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phyl`ac*ter"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to phylacteries.</def>

<h1>Phylactery</h1>
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<hw>Phy*lac"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phylacteries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>filateri</ets>, OF. <ets>filatire</ets>, <ets>filatiere</ets>, F. <ets>phylact\'8are</ets>, L. <ets>phylacterium</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a watcher, guard, <?/ to watch, guard. Cf. <er>Philatory</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any charm or amulet worn as a preservative from danger or disease.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small square box, made either of parchment or of black calfskin, containing slips of parchment or vellum on which are written the scriptural passages Exodus xiii. 2-10, and 11-17, Deut. vi. 4-9, 13-22. They are worn by Jews on the head and left arm, on week-day mornings, during the time of prayer.</def>

<i>Schaff-Herzog Encyc.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Among the primitive Christians, a case in which the relics of the dead were inclosed.</def>

<h1>Phylactocarp</h1>
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<hw>Phy*lac"to*carp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to guard + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A branch of a plumularian hydroid specially modified in structure for the protection of the gonothec\'91.</def>

<h1>Phylactol\'91ma, Phylactol\'91mata</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phy*lac`to*l\'91"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phy*lac`to*l\'91"ma*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to guard + <?/ the gullet.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fresh-water Bryozoa in which the tentacles are arranged on a horseshoe-shaped lophophore, and the mouth is covered by an epistome. Called also <altname><spn>Lophopoda</spn></altname>, and <altname><spn>hippocrepians</spn></altname>.</def>

<h1>Phylactol\'91matous</h1>
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<hw>Phy*lac`to*l\'91"ma*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Phylactol\'91ma.</def>

<h1>Phylactolema, Phylactolemata</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phy*lac`to*le"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phy*lac`to*le"ma*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Phylactol\'91ma</er>.</def>

<h1>Phylarch</h1>
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<hw>Phy"larch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>phylarchus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Phyle</er>, and <er>-arch</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The chief of a phyle, or tribe.</def>

<h1>Phylarchy</h1>
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<hw>Phy"larch*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>The office of a phylarch; government of a class or tribe.</def>

<h1>Phyle</h1>
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<hw>Phy"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phyl\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a body of men united by ties of blood or habitation.]</ety> <def>A local division of the people in ancient Athens; a clan; a tribe.</def>

<h1>Phyllite</h1>
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<hw>Phyl"lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Phylo-</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mineral related to ottrelite.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Clay slate; argillaceous schist.</def>

<h1>Phyllo-</h1>
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<hw>Phyl"lo-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form from Gr. <?/ <i>a leaf</i>; <as>as, <ex>phyllo</ex>pod, <ex>phyllo</ex>taxy</as>.</def>

<h1>Phyllobranchia</h1>
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<hw>Phyl`lo*bran"chi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phyllobranci\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Phyllo-</er>, and <er>Branchia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A crustacean gill composed of lamell\'91.</def>

<h1>Phyllocladium</h1>
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<hw>Phyl`lo*cla"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phyllocladia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a leaf + <?/ a sprout.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A flattened stem or branch which more or less resembles a leaf, and performs the function of a leaf as regards respiration and assimilation.</def>

<h1>Phyllocyanin</h1>
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<hw>Phyl`lo*cy"a*nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyllo-</ets> + <ets>cyanin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A blue coloring matter extracted from chlorophyll.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>phyllocyanine</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Phyllocyst</h1>
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<hw>Phyl"lo*cyst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyllo-</ets> + <ets>cyst</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The cavity of a hydrophyllium.</def>

<h1>Phyllode</h1>
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<hw>Phyl"lode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Phyllodium</er>.</def>

<h1>Phyllodineous</h1>
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<hw>Phyl`lo*din"eous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having phyllodia; relating to phyllodia.</def>

<h1>Phyllodium</h1>
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<hw>Phyl*lo"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phyllodia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ leaflike; <?/ leaf + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A petiole dilated into the form of a blade, and usually with vertical edges, as in the Australian acacias.</def>

<h1>Phyllody</h1>
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<hw>Phyl"lo*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Phyllodium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A retrograde metamorphosis of the floral organs to the condition of leaves.</def>

<h1>Phylloid</h1>
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<hw>Phyl"loid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyllo-</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling a leaf.</def>

<h1>Phyllomania</h1>
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<hw>Phyl`lo*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyllo-</ets> + <ets>mania</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An abnormal or excessive production of leaves.</def>

<h1>Phyllome</h1>
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<hw>Phyl"lome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ foliage, fr. <?/ a leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A foliar part of a plant; any organ homologous with a leaf, or produced by metamorphosis of a leaf.</def>

<h1>Phyllomorphosis</h1>
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<hw>Phyl`lo*mor*pho"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Phyllo-</er>, <er>Morphosis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The succession and variation of leaves during different seasons.</def>

<i>R. Brown.</i>

<h1>Phyllophagan</h1>
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<hw>Phyl*loph"a*gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyllo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of a group of marsupials including the phalangists.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of a tribe of beetles which feed upon the leaves of plants, as the chafers.</def>

<h1>Phyllophagous</h1>
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<hw>Phyl*loph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Substituting on leaves; leaf-eating.</def>

<h1>Phyllophorous</h1>
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<hw>Phyl*loph"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyllo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Leaf-bearing; producing leaves.</def>

<h1>Phyllopod</h1>
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<hw>Phyl"lo*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Phyllopoda. <note>[Also used adjectively.]</note></def>

<h1>Phyllopoda</h1>
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<hw>Phyl*lop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a leaf + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Entomostraca including a large number of species, most of which live in fresh water. They have flattened or leaflike legs, often very numerous, which they use in swimming. Called also <altname><spn>Branchiopoda</spn></altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; In some, the body is covered with a bivalve shell (<spn>Holostraca</spn>); in others, as Apus, by a shield-shaped carapace (<spn>Monostraca</spn>); in others, like Artemia, there is no carapace, and the body is regularly segmented. Sometimes the group is made to include also the Cladocera.</note>

<h1>Phyllopodous</h1>
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<hw>Phyl*lop"o*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Phyllopoda.</def>

<h1>Phyllorhine</h1>
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<hw>Phyl"lo*rhine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyllo-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, the nose.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to <spn>Phyllorhina</spn> and other related genera of bats that have a leaflike membrane around the nostrils.</def>

<h1>Phyllosoma</h1>
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<hw>Phyl`lo*so"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Phyllo-</er>, and <er>-some</er> body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of the spiny lobsters (<spn>Palinurus</spn> and allied genera). Its body is remarkably thin, flat, and transparent; the legs are very long. Called also <altname>glass-crab</altname>, and <altname>glass-shrimp</altname>.</def>

<hr>
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<h1>Phyllostome</h1>
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<hw>Phyl"lo*stome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyllo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bat of the genus <spn>Phyllostoma</spn>, or allied genera, having large membranes around the mouth and nose; a nose-leaf bat.</def>

<h1>Phylloltomid</h1>
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<hw>Phyl*lol"to*mid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A phyllostome.</def>

<h1>Phyllotactic</h1>
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<hw>Phyl`lo*tac"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to phyllotaxy.</def>

<h1>Phyllotaxy, Phyllotaxis</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phyl"lo*tax`y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phyl"lo*tax`is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyllo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ order.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The order or arrangement of leaves on the stem; the science of the relative position of leaves.</def>

<h1>Phyllous</h1>
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<hw>Phyl"lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Homologous with a leaf; <as>as, the sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils are <ex>phyllous</ex> organs</as>.</def>

<h1>Phylloxanthin</h1>
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<hw>Phyl`lo*xan"thin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyllo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ yellow.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A yellow coloring matter extracted from chlorophyll.</def>

<h1>Phylloxera</h1>
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<hw>Phyl`lox*e"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ leaf + <?/ dry.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small hemipterous insect (<spn>Phylloxera vastatrix</spn>) allied to the aphids. It attacks the roots and leaves of the grapevine, doing great damage, especially in Europe.</def>

<note>&hand; It exists in several forms, some of which are winged, other wingless. One form produces galls on the leaves and twigs, another affects the roots, causing galls or swellings, and often killing the vine.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The diseased condition of a vine caused by the insect just described.</def>

<h1>Phylogenesis, Phylogeny</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phy`lo*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phy*log"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ tribe + E. <ets>genesis</ets>, or root of Gr. <?/ to be born.]</ety> <def>The history of genealogical development; the race history of an animal or vegetable type; the historic exolution of the <i>phylon</i> or tribe, in distinction from <i>ontogeny</i>, or the development of the individual organism, and from <i>biogenesis</i>, or life development generally.</def>

<h1>Phylogenetic</h1>
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<hw>Phy*lo*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to phylogenesis, or the race history of a type of organism.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Phy*lo*ge*net"ic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Phylon</h1>
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<hw>Phy"lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phyla</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ race, tribe.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A tribe.</def>

<h1>Phylum</h1>
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<hw>Phy"lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phyla</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Phylon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the larger divisions of the animal kingdom; a branch; a grand division.</def>

<h1>Phyma</h1>
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<hw>Phy"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phymata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to produce.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A tubercle on any external part of the body.</def>

<h1>Physa</h1>
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<hw>Phy"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a bellows.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fresh-water Pulmonifera, having reversed spiral shells. See <cref>Pond snail</cref>, under <er>Pond</er>.</def>

<h1>Physalia</h1>
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<hw>Phy*sa"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a bladder, fr. <?/ a bellows.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of large oceanic Siphonophora which includes the Portuguese man-of-war.</def>

<note>&hand; It has a large air sac, or float, with a sail-like crest on its upper side. Numerous zooids of different kinds are attached to the under side of the float. Some of the zooids have very long tentacles; some have a mouth and digest food; others produce gonophores. The American species (<spn>Physalia arethusa</spn>) is brilliantly colored, the float being pink or purple, and bright blue; the zooids blue. It is noted for its virulent stinging powers, as well as for its beautiful colors, graceful motions, and its ability to sail to windward.</note>

<h1>Physali\'91</h1>
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<hw>Phy*sa"li*\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Siphonophora which includes Physalia.</def>

<h1>Physemaria</h1>
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<hw>Phys`e*ma"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a blowing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of simple marine organisms, usually classed as the lowest of the sponges. They have inflated hollow bodies.</def>

<h1>Physeter</h1>
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<hw>Phy*se"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to blow: cf. F. <ets>phys\'82t\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The genus that includes the sperm whale.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A filtering machine operated by air pressure.</def>

<h1>Physianthropy</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*an"thro*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ nature + <?/ man.]</ety> <def>The philosophy of human life, or the doctrine of the constitution and diseases of man, and their remedies.</def>

<h1>Physic</h1>
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<hw>Phys"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>phisike</ets>, <ets>fisike</ets>, OF. <ets>phisique</ets>, F. <ets>physique</ets> knowledge of nature, physics, L. <ets>physica</ets>, <ets>physice</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ natural, from <?/ nature, fr. <?/ to produce, grow, akin to E. <ets>be</ets>. See <er>Be</er>, and cf. <er>Physics</er>, <er>Physique</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of healing diseases; the science of medicine; the theory or practice of medicine.</def><-- obsolete -- superseded by medicine --> "A doctor of <i>physik</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A specific internal application for the cure or relief of sickness; a remedy for disease; a medicine.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Specifically, a medicine that purges; a cathartic.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A physician.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Physic nut</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small tropical American euphorbiaceous tree (<spn>Jatropha Curcas</spn>), and its seeds, which are well flavored, but contain a drastic oil which renders them dangerous if eaten in large quantities.</cd></cs>

<h1>Physic</h1>
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<hw>Phys"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Physiced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Physicking</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To treat with physic or medicine; to administer medicine to, esp. a cathartic; to operate on as a cathartic; to purge.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To work on as a remedy; to heal; to cure.</def>

<blockquote>The labor we delight in <b>physics</b> pain.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A mind diseased no remedy can <b>physic</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Physical</h1>
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<hw>Phys"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to nature (as including all created existences); in accordance with the laws of nature; also, of or relating to natural or material things, or to the bodily structure, as opposed to things mental, moral, spiritual, or imaginary; material; natural; <as>as, armies and navies are the <ex>physical</ex> force of a nation; the body is the <ex>physical</ex> part of man.</as></def>

<blockquote>Labor, in the <b>physical</b> world, is . . . employed in putting objects in motion.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A society sunk in ignorance, and ruled by mere <b>physical</b> force.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to physics, or natural philosophy; treating of, or relating to, the causes and connections of natural phenomena; <as>as, <ex>physical</ex> science; <ex>physical</ex> laws.</as></def> "<i>Physical</i> philosophy."

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Perceptible through a bodily or material organization; cognizable by the senses; external; <as>as, the <ex>physical</ex>, opposed to <ex>chemical</ex>, characters of a mineral</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to physic, or the art of medicine; medicinal; curative; healing; also, cathartic; purgative.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Physical</i> herbs."

<i>Sir T. North.</i>

<blockquote>Is Brutus sick? and is it <b>physical</b>
To walk unbraced, and suck up the humors
Of the dank morning?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Physical astronomy</col>, <cd>that part of astronomy which treats of the causes of the celestial motions; specifically, that which treats of the motions resulting from universal gravitation.</cd> -- <col>Physical education</col>, <cd>training of the bodily organs and powers with a view to the promotion of health and vigor.</cd> -- <col>Physical examination</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an examination of the bodily condition of a person.</cd> -- <col>Physical geography</col>. <cd>See under <er>Geography</er>.</cd> -- <col>Physical point</col>, <cd>an indefinitely small portion of matter; a point conceived as being without extension, yet having physical properties, as weight, inertia, momentum, etc.; a material point.</cd> -- <col>Physical signs</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the objective signs of the bodily state afforded by a physical examination.</cd></cs>

<h1>Physically</h1>
<Xpage=1081>

<hw>Phys"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a physical manner; according to the laws of nature or physics; by physical force; not morally.</def>

<blockquote>I am not now treating <b>physically</b> of light or colors.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>According to the rules of medicine</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He that lives <b>physically</b> must live miserably.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Physician</h1>
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<hw>Phy*si"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>fisician</ets>, <ets>fisicien</ets>, OF. <ets>physucien</ets>, a physician, in F., a natural philosopher, an experimentalist in physics. See <er>Physic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person skilled in physic, or the art of healing; one duty authorized to prescribe remedies for, and treat, diseases; a doctor of medicine.</def><-- one trained and licensed to treat illness and prescribe medicines.  -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, figuratively, one who ministers to moral diseases; <as>as, a <ex>physician</ex> of the soul</as>.</def>

<h1>Physicianed</h1>
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<hw>Phy*si"cianed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Licensed as a physician.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>physicianed</i> apothecary."

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Physicism</h1>
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<hw>Phys"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The tendency of the mind toward, or its preoccupation with, physical phenomena; materialism in philosophy and religion.</def>

<blockquote>Anthropomorphism grows into theology, while <b>physicism</b> (if I may so call it) develops into science.
<i>Huxley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Physicist</h1>
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<hw>Phys"i*cist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in physics.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A believer in the theory that the fundamental phenomena of life are to be explained upon purely chemical and physical principles; -- opposed to <i>vitalist</i>.</def>

<h1>Physicking</h1>
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<hw>Phys"ick*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> fr. <er>Physic</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Physico-</h1>
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<hw>Phys"i*co-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Fr. Gr. <?/ natural, physical.]</ety> <def>A combining form, denoting <i>relation to</i>, or <i>dependence upon</i>, <i>natural causes</i>, or <i>the science of physics</i>.</def>

<h1>Physicochemical</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*co*chem"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Physico-</ets> + <ets>chemical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Involving the principles of both physics and chemistry; dependent on, or produced by, the joint action of physical and chemical agencies.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Physicologic</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*co*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Physico-</ets> + <ets>logic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Logic illustrated by physics.</def>

<h1>Physicological</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*co*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to physicologic.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Physicology</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*col"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Physico-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Physics.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Phys`i*col"o*gist</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Physico-mathematics</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*co-math`e*mat"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Physico-</ets> + <ets>mathematics</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mixed mathematics.</def>

<h1>Physico-philosophy</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*co-phi*los"o*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Physico-</ets> + <ets>philosophy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The philosophy of nature.</def>

<h1>Physico-theology</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*co-the*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Physico-</ets> + <ets>theology</ets>.]</ety> <def>Theology or divinity illustrated or enforced by physics or natural philosophy.</def>

<h1>Physics</h1>
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<hw>Phys"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Physic</er>.]</ety> <def>The science of nature, or of natural objects; that branch of science which treats of the laws and properties of matter, and the forces acting upon it; especially, that department of natural science which treats of the causes (as gravitation, heat, light, magnetism, electricity, etc.) that modify the general properties of bodies; natural philosophy.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Chemistry</i>, though a branch of <i>general physics</i>, is commonly treated as a science by itself, and the application of physical principles which it involves constitute a branch called <i>chemical physics</i>, which treats more especially of those physical properties of matter which are used by chemists in defining and distinguishing substances.</note>

<h1>Physiocrat</h1>
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<hw>Phys"i*o*crat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ nature + <?/ to rule.]</ety> <def>One of the followers of Quesnay of France, who, in the 18th century, founded a system of political economy based upon the supremacy of natural order.</def> <i>F. A. Walker</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Phys`i*o*crat"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Physiogeny</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*og"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ nature + root of <?/ to be born.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The germ history of the functions, or the history of the development of vital activities, in the individual, being one of the branches of ontogeny. See <er>Morphogeny</er>.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<h1>Physiognomer</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*og"no*mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Physiognomist.</def>

<h1>Physiognomic, Physiognomical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phys`i*og*nom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phys`i*og*nom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>physiognomonique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to physiognomy; according with the principles of physiognomy.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Phys`i*og*nom"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Physiognomist</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*og*nom"ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Physiognomy</er>, 1.</def>

<h1>Physiognomist</h1>
<Xpage=1081>

<hw>Phys`i*og"no*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>physiognomiste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One skilled in physiognomy.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who tells fortunes by physiognomy.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Physiognomize</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*og"no*mize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To observe and study the physiognomy of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Physiognommonic</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*og`no*mmon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Physiognomic.</def>

<h1>Physiognomy</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*og"no*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Physiognomies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>fisonomie</ets>, <ets>phisonomie</ets>, <ets>fisnamie</ets>, OF. <ets>phisonomie</ets>, F. <ets>physiognomie</ets>, <ets>physiognomonie</ets>, from Gr. <?/; <?/ nature + <?/ one who knows or examines, a judge, fr. <?/, <?/, to know. See <er>Physic</er>, and <er>Know</er>, and cf. <er>Phiz</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art and science of discovering the predominant temper, and other characteristic qualities of the mind, by the outward appearance, especially by the features of the face.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The face or countenance, with respect to the temper of the mind; particular configuration, cast, or expression of countenance, as denoting character.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The art telling fortunes by inspection of the features.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The general appearance or aspect of a thing, without reference to its scientific characteristics; <as>as, the <ex>physiognomy</ex> of a plant, or of a meteor</as>.</def>

<h1>Physiogony</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*og"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ nature + <?/ birth.]</ety> <def>The birth of nature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Physiographic, Physiographical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phys`i*o*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phys`i*o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>physiographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to physiography.</def>

<h1>Physiography</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ nature + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>physiographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the earth's exterior physical features, climate, life, etc., and of the physical movements or changes on the earth's surface, as the currents of the atmosphere and ocean, the secular variations in heat, moisture, magnetism, etc.; physical geography.</def>

<h1>Physiolatry</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*ol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ nature + <?/ service.]</ety> <def>The worship of the powers or agencies of nature; materialism in religion; nature worship.</def> "The <i>physiolatry</i> of the Vedas."

<i>M. Williams.</i>

<h1>Physiologer</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*ol"o*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A physiologist.</def>

<h1>Physiologic</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>physiologicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>physiologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Physiological.</def>

<h1>Physiological</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to physiology; relating to the science of the functions of living organism; <as>as, <ex>physiological</ex> botany or chemistry</as>.</def>

<h1>Physiologically</h1>
<Xpage=1081>

<hw>Phys`i*o*log"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a physiological manner.</def>

<h1>Physiologist</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*ol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>physiologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who is versed in the science of physiology; a student of the properties and functions of animal and vegetable organs and tissues.</def>

<h1>Physiologize</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*ol"o*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To speculate in physiology; to make physiological investigations.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Physiology</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Physiologies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>physiologia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ nature + <?/ discourse: cf. F. <ets>physiologie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science which treats of the phenomena of living organisms; the study of the processes incidental to, and characteristic of, life.</def>

<note>&hand; It is divided into <i>animal</i> and <i>vegetable physiology</i>, dealing with animal and vegetable life respectively. When applied especially to a study of the functions of the organs and tissues in man, it is called <i>human physiology</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A treatise on physiology.</def>

<cs><col>Mental physiology</col>, <cd>the science of the functions and phenomena of the mind, as distinguished from a philosophical explanation of the same.</cd></cs>

<h1>Physiophyly</h1>
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<hw>Phys`i*oph"y*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ nature + <?/ a clan.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The tribal history of the functions, or the history of the paleontological development of vital activities, -- being a branch of <i>phylogeny</i>. See <er>Morphophyly</er>.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<h1>Physique</h1>
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<hw>Phy*sique"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Physic</er>.]</ety> <def>The natural constitution, or physical structure, of a person.</def>

<blockquote>With his white hair and splendid <b>physique</b>.
<i>Mrs. Stowe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Physnomy</h1>
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<hw>Phys"no*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Physiogmony.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Physoclist</h1>
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<hw>Phys"o*clist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Physoclisti.</def>

<h1>Physoclisti</h1>
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<hw>Phys`o*clis"ti</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a bellows + <?/ to close.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of teleost in which the air bladder has no opening.</def>

<h1>Physograde</h1>
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<hw>Phys"o*grade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a bellows + L. <ets>gradi</ets> to walk, go.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any siphonophore which has an air sac for a float, as the Physalia.</def>

<h1>Physophor\'91</h1>
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<hw>Phy*soph"o*r\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a bellows + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Siphonophora, furnished with an air sac, or float, and a series of nectocalyces. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Nectocalyx</er>.</def>

<h1>Physopod</h1>
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<hw>Phy"so*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Physopoda; a thrips.</def>

<h1>Physopoda</h1>
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<hw>Phy*sop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a bellows + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Thysanoptera</er>.</def>

<h1>Physostigmine</h1>
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<hw>Phy`so*stig"mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid found in the Calabar bean (the seed of <spn>Physostigma venenosum</spn>), and extracted as a white, tasteless, substance, amorphous or crystalline; -- formerly called <altname>eserine</altname>, with which it was regarded as identical.</def>

<h1>Physostomi</h1>
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<hw>Phy*sos"to*mi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a bellows + <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes in which the air bladder is provided with a duct, and the ventral fins, when present, are abdominal. It includes the salmons, herrings, carps, catfishes, and others.</def>

<hr>
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<h1>Physostomous</h1>
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<hw>Phy*sos"to*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having a duct to the air bladder.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to the Physostomi.</def>

<h1>Phytelephas</h1>
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<hw>Phy*tel"e*phas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a plant + <?/ the elephant; also, ivory.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of South American palm trees, the seeds of which furnish the substance called <i>vegetable ivory</i>.</def>

<h1>Phytivorous</h1>
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<hw>Phy*tiv"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyto-</ets> + L. <ets>vorare</ets> to eat greedily.]</ety> <def>Feeding on plants or herbage; phytophagous; <as>as, <ex>phytivorous</ex> animals</as>.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Phyto-</h1>
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<hw>Phy"to-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Physic</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form from Gr. <grk>fyto`n</grk> <xlati>a plant</xlati>; <as>as, <ex>phyto</ex>chemistry, <ex>phyto</ex>graphy</as>.</def>

<h1>Phytochemical</h1>
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<hw>Phy`to*chem"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to phytochemistry.</def>

<i>R. Hunt.</i>

<h1>Phytochemistry</h1>
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<hw>Phy"to*chem"is*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyto-</ets> + <ets>chemistry</ets>.]</ety> <def>Chemistry in its relation to vegetable bodies; vegetable chemistry.</def>

<i>R. Hunt.</i>

<h1>Phytochimy</h1>
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<hw>Phy*toch"i*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>phytochimie</ets>; Gr. <?/ a plant + F. <ets>chimie</ets> chemistry.]</ety> <def>Phytochemistry.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<h1>Phytogenesis, Phytogeny</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phy`to*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phy*tog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyto-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>, or root of Gr. <?/ to be born.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of the generation of plants.</def>

<h1>Phytogeographical</h1>
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<hw>Phy`to*ge"o*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to phytogeography.</def>

<h1>Phytogeography</h1>
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<hw>Phy`to*ge*og"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyto-</ets> + <ets>geography</ets>.]</ety> <def>The geographical distribution of plants.</def>

<h1>Phytoglyphic</h1>
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<hw>Phy`to*glyph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to phytoglyphy.</def>

<h1>Phytoglyphy</h1>
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<hw>Phy*tog"ly*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to engrave.]</ety> <def>See <cref>Nature printing</cref>, under <er>Nature</er>.</def>

<h1>Phytographical</h1>
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<hw>Phy`to*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>phytographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to phytography.</def>

<h1>Phytography</h1>
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<hw>Phy*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyto-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>phytographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of describing plants in a systematic manner; also, a description of plants.</def>

<h1>Phytoid</h1>
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<hw>Phy"toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyto-</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling a plant; plantlike.</def>

<h1>Phytolacca</h1>
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<hw>Phy`to*lac"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ plant + It. <ets>lacca</ets> lac.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbaceous plants, some of them having berries which abound in intensely red juice; poke, or pokeweed.</def>

<h1>Phytolite</h1>
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<hw>Phy"to*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyto-</ets> + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>phytolithe</ets>.]</ety> <def>An old name for a fossil plant.</def>

<h1>Phytolithologist</h1>
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<hw>Phy`to*li*thol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in phytolithology; a paleobotanist.</def>

<h1>Phytolithology</h1>
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<hw>Phy`to*li*thol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyto-</ets> + <ets>lithology</ets>.]</ety> <def>The branch of science which treats of fossil plants; -- usually called <altname>paleobotany</altname>, sometimes <altname>paleophytology</altname>.</def>

<h1>Phytological</h1>
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<hw>Phy`to*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>phytologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to phytology; botanical.</def>

<h1>Phytologist</h1>
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<hw>Phy*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in phytology; a writer on plants; a botanist.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Phytology</h1>
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<hw>Phy*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyto-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>phytologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of plants; a description of the kinds and properties of plants; botany.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Phytomer, Phytomeron</h1>
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<hw><hw>Phy"to*mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Phy*tom"e*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>phytomeron</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ plant + <?/ share.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An organic element of a flowering plant; a phyton.</def>

<h1>Phyton</h1>
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<hw>Phy"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phytons</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the parts which by their repetition make up a flowering plant, each being a single joint of a stem with its leaf or leaves; a phytomer.</def>

<h1>Phytonomy</h1>
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<hw>Phy*ton"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ law: cf. F. <ets>phytonomie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of the origin and growth of plants.</def>

<h1>Phytopathologist</h1>
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<hw>Phy`to*pa*thol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in diseases of plants.</def>

<h1>Phytopathology</h1>
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<hw>Phy`to*pa*thol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyto-</ets> + <ets>pathology</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of diseases to which plants are liable.</def>

<h1>Phytophaga</h1>
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<hw>Phy*toph"a*ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a plant + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Hymenoptera; the sawflies.</def>

<h1>Phytophagic</h1>
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<hw>Phy`to*phag"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Phytophagous.</def>

<h1>Phytophagous</h1>
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<hw>Phy*toph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Feeding on plants; herbivorous; <as>as, a <ex>phytophagous</ex> animal</as>.</def>

<h1>Phytophagy</h1>
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<hw>Phy*toph"a*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The eating of plants.</def>

<h1>Phytophysiology</h1>
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<hw>Phy`to*phys`i*ol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyto-</ets> + <ets>physiology</ets>.]</ety> <def>Vegetable physiology.</def>

<h1>Phytotomist</h1>
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<hw>Phy*tot"o*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in phytotomy.</def>

<h1>Phytotomy</h1>
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<hw>Phy*tot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Phyto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to cut.]</ety> <def>The dissection of plants; vegetable anatomy.</def>

<h1>Phytozoaria</h1>
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<hw>Phy`to*zo*a"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Phytozo\'94n</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Infusoria</er>.</def>

<h1>Phytozo\'94n</h1>
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<hw>Phy`to*zo"\'94n</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Phytozoa</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A plantlike animal. The term is sometimes applied to zo\'94phytes.</def>

<h1>Phyz</h1>
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<hw>Phyz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Phiz</er>.</def>

<h1>Pi</h1>
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<hw>Pi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pica</er>, <er>Pie</er> magpie, service-book.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A mass of type confusedly mixed or unsorted.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pie</asp>.]</altsp>

<-- math. the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle -->

<h1>Pi</h1>
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<hw>Pi</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pieing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To put into a mixed and disordered condition, as type; to mix and disarrange the type of; <as>as, to <ex>pi</ex> a form</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pie</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pia\'87aba</h1>
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<hw>Pi*a\'87"a*ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Piassava</er>.</def>

<h1>Piacle</h1>
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<hw>Pi"a*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>piaculum</ets> a propitiatory sacrifice, that which requires expiation, a wicked action, fr. <ets>piare</ets> to appease, to expiate, <ets>pius</ets> pious.]</ety> <def>A heinous offense which requires expiation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Piacular</h1>
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<hw>Pi*ac"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>piacularis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>piaculaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Expiatory; atoning.</def>

<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Requiring expiation; criminal; atrociously bad.</def> "<i>Piacular</i> pollution."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Piacularity</h1>
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<hw>Pi*ac`u*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being piacular; criminality; wickedness.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Piaculous</h1>
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<hw>Pi*ac"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Piacular</er>.</def>

<h1>Pial</h1>
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<hw>Pi"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the pia mater.</def>

<h1>Pia mater</h1>
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<hw>Pi"a ma"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>pia</ets> (fem. of <ets>pius</ets> tender, kind) + <ets>mater</ets> mother.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The delicate and highly vascular membrane immediately investing the brain and spinal cord.</def>

<h1>Pian</h1>
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<hw>Pian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>pian</ets>, <ets>epian</ets>, or. Sp. <ets>pian</ets>; from the native name in South America: cf. F. <ets>pian</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The yaws. See <er>Yaws</er>.</def>

<h1>Pianet</h1>
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<hw>Pi"a*net`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Pie</er> magpie.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The magpie.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pianate</asp>, and <asp>pyenate</asp>.]</altsp> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The lesser woodpecker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Pianette</h1>
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<hw>Pi*a*nette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>piano</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A small piano; a pianino.</def>

<h1>Pianino</h1>
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<hw>Pi`a*ni"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., dim. of <ets>piano</ets>, adj. See <er>Piano</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A pianette, or small piano.</def>

<h1>Pianissimo</h1>
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<hw>Pi`a*nis"si*mo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[It., superl. of <ets>piano</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Very soft; -- a direction to execute a passage as softly as possible. (Abbrev. <i>pp</i>.)</def>

<h1>Pianist</h1>
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<hw>Pi*an"ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pianiste</ets>, It. <ets>pianista</ets>.]</ety> <def>A performer, esp. a skilled performer, on the piano.</def>

<h1>Piano</h1>
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<hw>Pi*a"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[It., even, smooth, soft, fr. L. <ets>planus</ets> even, level.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Soft; -- a direction to the performer to execute a certain passage softly, and with diminished volume of tone. (Abbrev. <i>p</i>.)</def>

<h1>Piano, Pianoforte</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pi*an"o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pi*an"o*for`te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>piano</ets> soft (fr. L. <ets>planus</ets> even, smooth; see <er>Plain</er>, <tt>a.</tt>) + It. <ets>forte</ets> strong, fr. L. <ets>fortis</ets> (see <er>Fort</er>).]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A well-known musical instrument somewhat resembling the harpsichord, and consisting of a sreies of wires of graduated length, thickness, and tension, struck by hammers moved by keys.</def>

<cs><col>Dumb piano</col>. <cd>See <er>Digitorium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Grand piano</col>. <cd>See under <er>Grand</er>.</cd> -- <col>Square piano</col>, <cd>one with a horizontal frame and an oblong case.</cd> -- <col>Upright piano</col>, <cd>one with an upright frame and vertical wires.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pianograph</h1>
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<hw>Pi*an"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Piano</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A form of melodiograph applied to a piano.</def>

<h1>Piapec</h1>
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<hw>Pi"a*pec</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Pie</er> a magpie.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A West African pie (<spn>Ptilostomus Senegalensis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Piarist</h1>
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<hw>Pi"a*rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pius</ets> pious.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>One of a religious order who are the regular clerks of the <i>Scuole Pie</i> (religious schools), an institute of secondary education, founded at Rome in the last years of the 16th century.</def>

<i>Addis & Arnold.</i>

<h1>Piassava</h1>
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<hw>Pi*as"sa*va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>piasaba</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fibrous product of two Brazilian palm trees (<spn>Attalea funifera</spn> and <spn>Leopoldinia Piassaba</spn>), -- used in making brooms, and for other purposes. Called also <altname>pia\'87aba</altname> and <altname>piasaba</altname>.</def>

<h1>Piaster</h1>
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<hw>Pi*as"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>piastre</ets>, It. <ets>piastra</ets> a thin plate of metal, a dollar, LL. <ets>piastra</ets>, fr. L. <ets>emplastrum</ets>. See <er>Plaster</er>.]</ety> <def>A silver coin of Spain and various other countries. See <er>Peso</er>. The Spanish piaster (commonly called <i>peso</i>, or <i>peso duro</i>) is of about the value of the American dollar. The Italian piaster, or scudo, was worth from 80 to 100 cents. The Turkish and Egyptian piasters are now worth about four and a half cents.</def>

<h1>Piastre</h1>
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<hw>Pi*as"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Piaster</er>.</def>

<h1>Piation</h1>
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<hw>Pi*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>piatio</ets>. See <er>Piacle</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of making atonement; expiation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Piatti</h1>
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<hw>Pi*at"ti</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[It., prop., plates.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Cymbals.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pyatti</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Piazza</h1>
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<hw>Pi*az"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Piazzas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It., place, square, market place, L. <ets>platea</ets> street, courtyard. See <er>Place</er>.]</ety> <def>An open square in a European town, especially an Italian town; hence <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, an arcaded and roofed gallery; a portico. In the United States the word is popularly applied to a veranda.</def>

<blockquote>We walk by the obelisk, and meditate in <b>piazzas</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pibcorn</h1>
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<hw>Pib"corn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>pib</ets> pipe + <ets>corn</ets> horn.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A wind instrument or pipe, with a horn at each end, -- used in Wales.</def>

<h1>Pibroch</h1>
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<hw>Pi"broch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>piobaireachd</ets> pipe music, fr. <ets>piobair</ets> a piper, fr. <ets>pioba</ets> pipe, bagpipe, from English. See <er>Pipe</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A Highland air, suited to the particular passion which the musician would either excite or assuage; generally applied to those airs that are played on the bagpipe before the Highlanders when they go out to battle.</def>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Pic</h1>
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<hw>Pic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pic</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Turkish cloth measure, varying from 18 to 28 inches.</def>

<h1>Pica</h1>
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<hw>Pi"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pica</ets> a pie, magpie; in sense 3 prob. named from some resemblance to the colors of the magpie. Cf. <er>Pie</er> magpie.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The genus that includes the magpies.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A vitiated appetite that craves what is unfit for food, as chalk, ashes, coal, etc.; chthonophagia.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A service-book. See <er>Pie</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A size of type next larger than small pica, and smaller than English.</def>

<note>&hand; <picatype>This line is printed in <it>pica</it></picatype></note>

<note>&hand; <i>Pica</i> is twice the size of nonpareil, and is used as a standard of measurement in casting leads, cutting rules, etc., and also as a standard by which to designate several larger kinds of type, as <i>double pica</i>, <i>two-line pica</i>, <i>four-line pica</i>, and the like.</note>

<cs><col>Small pica</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a size of type next larger than long primer, and smaller than pica.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; <smpicatype>This line is printed in <it>small pica</it></smpicatype></note>

<h1>Picador</h1>
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<hw>Pic`a*dor"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A horseman armed with a lance, who in a bullfight receives the first attack of the bull, and excites him by picking him without attempting to kill him.</def>

<h1>Picamar</h1>
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<hw>Pic"a*mar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pix</ets>, <ets>picis</ets>, pitch + <ets>amarus</ets> bitter.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oily liquid hydrocarbon extracted from the creosote of beechwood tar. It consists essentially of certain derivatives of pyrogallol.</def>

<h1>Picapare</h1>
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<hw>Pic"a*pare</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The finfoot.</def>

<h1>Picard</h1>
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<hw>Pic"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of Adamites in the fifteenth century; -- so called from one <i>Picard</i> of Flanders. See <er>Adamite</er>.</def>

<h1>Picaresque</h1>
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<hw>Pic`a*resque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Sp. <ets>picaro</ets> rogue.]</ety> <def>Applied to that class of literature in which the principal personage is the Spanish <i>picaro</i>, meaning a rascal, a knave, a rogue, an adventurer.</def>

<h1>Picari\'91</h1>
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<hw>Pi*ca"ri*\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>picus</ets> a woodpecker.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive division of birds which includes the woodpeckers, toucans, trogons, hornbills, kingfishers, motmots, rollers, and goatsuckers. By some writers it is made to include also the cuckoos, swifts, and humming birds.</def>

<h1>Picarian</h1>
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<hw>Pi*ca"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to Picari\'91.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Picari\'91.</def></def2>

<h1>Picaroon</h1>
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<hw>Pic`a*roon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>picaron</ets>, aug. of <ets>picaro</ets> roguish, n., a rogue.]</ety> <def>One who plunders; especially, a plunderer of wrecks; a pirate; a corsair; a marauder; a sharper.</def>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Picayune</h1>
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<hw>Pic`a*yune"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the language of the Caribs.]</ety> <def>A small coin of the value of six and a quarter cents. See <er>Fippenny bit</er>.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<-- adj. picayunish; small-minded -->

<h1>Picayunish</h1>
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<hw>Pic`a*yun"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Petty; paltry; mean; <as>as, a <ex>picayunish</ex> business</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Piccadil, Piccadilly</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pic"ca*dil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pic`ca*dil"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>piccagilles</ets> the several divisions of pieces fastened together about the brim of the collar of a doublet, a dim. fr. Sp. <ets>picado</ets>, p.p. of <ets>picar</ets> to prick. See <er>Pike</er>.]</ety> <def>A high, stiff collar for the neck; also, a hem or band about the skirt of a garment, -- worn by men in the 17th century.</def>

<h1>Piccage</h1>
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<hw>Pic"cage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>piccadium</ets>, fr. F. <ets>piquer</ets> to prick.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Money paid at fairs for leave to break ground for booths.</def>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Piccalilli</h1>
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<hw>Pic"ca*lil`li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pickle of various vegetables with pungent species, -- originally made in the East Indies.</def>

<h1>Piccolo</h1>
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<hw>Pic"co*lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., small.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A small, shrill flute, the pitch of which is an octave higher than the ordinary flute; an octave flute.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A small upright piano.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An organ stop, with a high, piercing tone.</def>

<h1>Pice</h1>
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<hw>Pice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>pais\'be</ets>]</ety> <def>A small copper coin of the East Indies, worth less than a cent.</def>

<i>Malcom.</i>

<h1>Picea</h1>
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<hw>Pic"e*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the pitch pine, from <ets>pix</ets>, <ets>picis</ets>, pitch.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of coniferous trees of the northen hemisphere, including the Norway spruce and the American black and white spruces. These trees have pendent cones, which do not readily fall to pieces, in this and other respects differing from the firs.</def>

<h1>Picene</h1>
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<hw>Pi"cene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Piceous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon (C<?/H<?/) extracted from the pitchy residue of coal tar and petroleum as a bluish fluorescent crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Piceous</h1>
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<hw>Pic"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>piceus</ets>, fr. <ets>pix</ets>, <ets>picis</ets>, pitch.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to pitch; resembling pitch in color or quality; pitchy.</def>

<h1>Pichey</h1>
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<hw>Pi"chey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Brazilian armadillo (<spn>Dasypus minutus</spn>); the little armadillo.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pichiy</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pichiciago</h1>
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<hw>Pi`chi*ci*a"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, burrowing, South American edentate (<spn>Chlamyphorus truncatus</spn>), allied to the armadillos. The shell is attached only along the back.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pichyciego</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pichurim bean</h1>
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<hw>Pich"u*rim bean`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The seed of a Brazilian lauraceous tree (<spn>Nectandra Puchury</spn>) of a taste and smell between those of nutmeg and of sassafras, -- sometimes used medicinally. Called also <altname>sassafras nut</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pici</h1>
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<hw>Pi"ci</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>picus</ets> a woodpecker.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of birds including the woodpeckers and wrynecks.</def>

<h1>Piciform</h1>
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<hw>Pi"ci*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to Piciformes.</def>

<h1>Piciformes</h1>
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<hw>Pic`i*for"mes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Picus</er>, and <er>-Form</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of birds including the woodpeckers, toucans, barbets, colies, kingfishes, hornbills, and some other related groups.</def>

<h1>Picine</h1>
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<hw>Pi"cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the woodpeckers (<spn>Pici</spn>), or to the Piciformes.</def>

<h1>Pick</h1>
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<hw>Pick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Picked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Picking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>picken</ets>, <ets>pikken</ets>, to prick, peck; akin to Icel. <ets>pikka</ets>, Sw. <ets>picka</ets>, Dan. <ets>pikke</ets>, D. <ets>pikken</ets>, G. <ets>picken</ets>, F. <ets>piquer</ets>, W. <ets>pigo</ets>. Cf. <er>Peck</er>, <tt>v.</tt>, <er>Pike</er>, <er>Pitch</er> to throw.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw; to pitch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>As high as I could <b>pick</b> my lance.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To peck at, as a bird with its beak; to strike at with anything pointed; to act upon with a pointed instrument; to pierce; to prick, as with a pin.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To separate or open by means of a sharp point or points; <as>as, to <ex>pick</ex> matted wool, cotton, oakum, etc</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To open (a lock) as by a wire.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To pull apart or away, especially with the fingers; to pluck; to gather, as fruit from a tree, flowers from the stalk, feathers from a fowl, etc.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To remove something from with a pointed instrument, with the fingers, or with the teeth; <as>as, to <ex>pick</ex> the teeth; to <ex>pick</ex> a bone; to <ex>pick</ex> a goose; to <ex>pick</ex> a pocket.</as></def>

<blockquote>Did you <b>pick</b> Master Slender's purse?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>picks</b> clean teeth, and, busy as he seems
With an old tavern quill, is hungry yet.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To choose; to select; to separate as choice or desirable; to cull; <as>as, to <ex>pick</ex> one's company; to <ex>pick</ex> one's way</as>; -- often with <i>out</i>.</def> "One man <i>picked</i> out of ten thousand."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To take up; esp., to gather from here and there; to collect; to bring together; <as>as, to <ex>pick</ex> rags</as>; -- often with <i>up</i>; <as>as, to <ex>pick</ex> up a ball or stones; to <ex>pick</ex> up information.</as></def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To trim.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>To pick at</col>, <cd>to tease or vex by pertinacious annoyance.</cd> -- <col>To pick a bone with</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bone</er>.</cd> -- <col>To pick a thank</col>, <cd>to curry favor. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Robynson (More's Utopia)</i>.</cd> -- <col>To pick off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To pluck; to remove by picking</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To shoot or bring down, one by one; <as>as, sharpshooters <ex>pick off<ex> the enemy</as>.</cd> -- <col>To pick out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To mark out; to variegate; <as>as, <ex>to pick out<ex> any dark stuff with lines or spots of bright colors</as></cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To select from a number or quantity.</cd> -- <col>To pick to pieces</col>, <cd>to pull apart piece by piece; hence <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>, to analyze; esp., to criticize in detail.</cd> -- <col>To pick a quarrel</col>, <cd>to give occasion of quarrel intentionally.</cd> -- <col>To pick up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To take up, as with the fingers</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To get by repeated efforts; to gather here and there; <as>as, <ex>to pick up<ex> a livelihood; <ex>to pick up<ex> news</as>.</cd><-- <sd>(c)</sd> to acquire (an infectious disease); as, to <ex>pick up</ex> a cold on the airplane. (d) To meet (a person) and induce to accompany one; as, to pick up a date at the mall. [See several other defs in MW10] --></cs>

<hr>
<page="1083">
Page 1083<p>

<h1>Pick</h1>
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<hw>Pick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To eat slowly, sparingly, or by morsels; to nibble.</def><-- = to pick at -->

<blockquote>Why stand'st thou <b>picking</b>? Is thy palate sore?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To do anything nicely or carefully, or by attending to small things; to select something with care.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To steal; to pilfer.</def> "To keep my hands from <i>picking</i> and stealing."

<i>Book of Com. Prayer.</i>

<cs><col>To pick up</col>, <cd>to improve by degrees; as, he is <i>picking up<i> in health or business. <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark></cd><-- or, to increase gradually, as the car picked up speed rolling downhill --></cs>

<h1>Pick</h1>
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<hw>Pick</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pic</ets> a pickax, a pick. See <er>Pick</er>, and cf. <er>Pike</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sharp-pointed tool for picking; -- often used in composition; <as>as, a tooth<ex>pick</ex>; a <ex>pick</ex>lock.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining & Mech.)</fld> <def>A heavy iron tool, curved and sometimes pointed at both ends, wielded by means of a wooden handle inserted in the middle, -- used by quarrymen, roadmakers, etc.; also, a pointed hammer used for dressing millstones.</def><-- used for digging -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pike or spike; the sharp point fixed in the center of a buckler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Take down my buckler . . . and grind the <i>pick</i> on 't."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Choice; right of selection; <as>as, to have one's <ex>pick</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>France and Russia have the <b>pick</b> of our stables.
<i>Ld. Lytton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which would be picked or chosen first; the best; <as>as, the <ex>pick</ex> of the flock</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A particle of ink or paper imbedded in the hollow of a letter, filling up its face, and occasioning a spot on a printed sheet.</def>

<i>MacKellar.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Painting)</fld> <def>That which is picked in, as with a pointed pencil, to correct an unevenness in a picture.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Weawing)</fld> <def>The blow which drives the shuttle, -- the rate of speed of a loom being reckoned as so many <i>picks</i> per minute; hence, in describing the fineness of a fabric, a weft thread; <as>as, so many <ex>picks</ex> to an inch</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Pick dressing</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>in cut stonework, a facing made by a pointed tool, leaving the surface in little pits or depressions.</cd> -- <col>Pick hammer</col>, <cd>a pick with one end sharp and the other blunt, used by miners.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pickaback</h1>
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<hw>Pick"a*back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>On the back or shoulders; <as>as, to ride <ex>pickback</ex></as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pickapack</asp>, <asp>pickback</asp>, and <asp>pickpack</asp>.]</altsp><-- = piggyback -->

<blockquote>A woman stooping to take a child <b>pickaback</b>.
<i>R,Jefferies.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pickaninny</h1>
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<hw>Pick"a*nin`ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pickaninnies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>peque\'a4o</ets> little, young.]</ety> <def>A small child; especially, a negro or mulatto infant.</def> <mark>[U.S. & West Indies]</mark>

<h1>Pickapack</h1>
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<hw>Pick"a*pack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Pickaback.</def>

<h1>Pickax, Pickaxe</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pick"ax`</hw>, <hw>Pick"axe`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of OE. <ets>pikois</ets>, <ets>pikeis</ets>, F. <ets>picois</ets>, fr. <ets>pic</ets>. See <er>Pick</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>A pick with a point at one end, a transverse edge or blade at the other, and a handle inserted at the middle; a hammer with a flattened end for driving wedges and a pointed end for piercing as it strikes.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pickback</h1>
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<hw>Pick"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>On the back.</def>

<h1>Picked</h1>
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<hw>Pick"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pointed; sharp.</def> "<i>Picked</i> and polished."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<blockquote>Let the stake be made <b>picked</b> at the top.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a pike or spine on the back; -- said of certain fishes.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Carefully selected; chosen; <as>as, <ex>picked</ex> men</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fine; spruce; smart; precise; dianty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Picked dogfish</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Dogfish</er>.</cd> -- <col>Picked out</col>, <cd>ornamented or relieved with lines, or the like, of a different, usually a lighter, color; as, a carriage body dark green, <i>picked out<i> with red.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pickedness</h1>
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<hw>Pick"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being sharpened; pointedness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fineness; spruceness; smartness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Too much <b>pickedness</b> is not manly.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pickeer</h1>
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<hw>Pick*eer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pickeered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pickeering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>picorer</ets> to go marauding, orig., to go to steal cattle, ultimately fr. L. <ets>pecus</ets>, <ets>pecoris</ets>, cattle; cf. F. <ets>picor\'82e</ets>, Sp. <ets>pecorea</ets> robbery committed by straggling soldiers.]</ety> <def>To make a raid for booty; to maraud; also, to skirmish in advance of an army. See <er>Picaroon</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Pickeerer</h1>
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<hw>Pick*eer"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pickeers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Picker</h1>
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<hw>Pick"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pick</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, picks, in any sense, -- as, one who uses a pick; one who gathers; a thief; a pick; a pickax; <as>as, a cotton <ex>picker</ex></as>.</def> "<i>Pickers</i> and stealers."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A machine for picking fibrous materials to pieces so as to loosen and separate the fiber.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>The piece in a loom which strikes the end of the shuttle, and impels it through the warp.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Ordnance)</fld> <def>A priming wire for cleaning the vent.</def>

<h1>Pickerel</h1>
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<hw>Pick"er*el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <er>Pike</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pickerell</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A young or small pike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Bet [better] is, quoth he, a pike than a <b>pickerel</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of several species of freshwater fishes of the genus <spn>Esox</spn>, esp. the smaller species.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The glasseye, or wall-eyed pike. See <er>Wall-eye</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The federation, or chain, pickerel (<spn>Esox reticulatus</spn>) and the brook pickerel (<spn>E. Americanus</spn>) are the most common American species. They are used for food, and are noted for their voracity. About the Great Lakes the pike is called <i>pickerel</i>.</note>

<cs><col>Pickerel weed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a blue-flowered aquatic plant (<spn>Pontederia cordata</spn>) having large arrow-shaped leaves. So called because common in slow-moving waters where pickerel are often found.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pickering</h1>
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<hw>Pick"er*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Probably a corruption of <er>Pickerel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sauger of the St.Lawrence River.</def>

<h1>Pickery</h1>
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<hw>Pick"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pick</er> to steal; or perhaps from <er>Pickeer</er>.]</ety> <def>Petty theft.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Picket</h1>
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<hw>Pick"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>piquet</ets>, properly dim. of <ets>pique</ets> spear, pike. See <er>Pike</er>, and cf. <er>Piquet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A stake sharpened or pointed, especially one used in fortification and encampments, to mark bounds and angles; or one used for tethering horses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pointed pale, used in marking fences.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Probably so called from the <ets>picketing</ets> of the horses.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A detached body of troops serving to guard an army from surprise, and to oppose reconnoitering parties of the enemy; -- called also <altname>outlying picket</altname>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>By extension, men appointed by a trades union, or other labor organization, to intercept outsiders, and prevent them from working for employers with whom the organization is at variance.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark><-- any individual standing at the entrance to a building (typically a business establishement), usually for the purpose of inhibiting or preventing others from entering that establishment, but sometimes only for demonstration or protest, and usually bearing a sign informing others of the nature of the grievance causing the picketing. -->

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A military punishment, formerly resorted to, in which the offender was forced to stand with one foot on a pointed stake.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A game at cards. See <er>Piquet</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Inlying picket</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a detachment of troops held in camp or quarters, detailed to march if called upon.</cd> -- <col>Picket fence</col>, <cd>a fence made of pickets. See def. 2, above.</cd> -- <col>Picket guard</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a guard of horse and foot, always in readiness in case of alarm.</cd> -- <col>Picket line</col>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A position held and guarded by small bodies of men placed at intervals</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A rope to which horses are secured when groomed.</cd> -- <col>Picketpin</col>, <cd>an iron pin for picketing horses.</cd></cs>

<h1>Picket</h1>
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<hw>Pick"et</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Picketed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Picketing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fortify with pointed stakes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inclose or fence with pickets or pales.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To tether to, or as to, a picket; <as>as, to <ex>picket</ex> a horse</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To guard, as a camp or road, by an outlying picket.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To torture by compelling to stand with one foot on a pointed stake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Picketee</h1>
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<hw>Pick`e*tee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Picotee</er>.</def>

<h1>Pick-fault</h1>
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<hw>Pick"-fault`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who seeks out faults.</def>

<h1>Picking</h1>
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<hw>Pick"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of digging or breaking up, as with a pick.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of choosing, plucking, or gathering.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is, or may be, picked or gleaned.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Pilfering; also, that which is pilfered.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The pulverized shells of oysters used in making walks.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Rough sorting of ore.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Overburned bricks.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Picking</h1>
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<hw>Pick"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Done or made as with a pointed tool; <as>as, a <ex>picking</ex> sound</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Nice; careful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote> was too warm on <b>picking</b> work to dwell.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Picking peg</col>. <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <cd>See <er>Picker</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pickle</h1>
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<hw>Pic"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Picle</er>.</def>

<h1>Pickle</h1>
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<hw>Pic"kle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>pekel</ets>. Probably a dim. fr. <er>Pick</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, alluding to the cleaning of the fish.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A solution of salt and water, in which fish, meat, etc., may be preserved or corned; brine.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Vinegar, plain or spiced, used for preserving vegetables, fish, eggs, oysters, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any article of food which has been preserved in brine or in vinegar.</def><-- esp., a cucumber thus preserved -->

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A bath of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc., to remove burnt sand, scale rust, etc., from the surface of castings, or other articles of metal, or to brighten them or improve their color.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A troublesome child; <as>as, a little <ex>pickle</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<cs><col>To be in a pickle</col>, <cd>to be in disagreeable position; to be in a condition of embarrassment, difficulty, or disorder. "How cam'st thou in this <i>pickle<i>?" <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To put a rod in pickle</col>, <cd>to prepare a particular reproof, punishment, or penalty for future application.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pickle</h1>
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<hw>Pic"kle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pickled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pickling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To preserve or season in pickle; to treat with some kind of pickle; <as>as, to <ex>pickle</ex> herrings or cucumbers</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give an antique appearance to; -- said of copies or imitations of paintings by the old masters.</def>

<h1>Pickled</h1>
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<hw>Pic"kled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Preserved in a pickle.</def>

<h1>Pickle-herring</h1>
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<hw>Pic"kle-her"ring</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A herring preserved in brine; a pickled herring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A merry-andrew; a buffoon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Pickler</h1>
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<hw>Pic"kler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes pickles.</def>

<h1>Picklock</h1>
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<hw>Pick"lock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument for picking locks.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who picks locks; a thief.</def> "A <i>picklock</i> of secrets."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Pickmire</h1>
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<hw>Pick"mire`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from its <ets>picking</ets> its food from the <ets>mire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pewit, or black-headed gull.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Picknick</h1>
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<hw>Pick"nick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Picnic</er>.</def>

<h1>Pickpack</h1>
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<hw>Pick"pack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Pickaback.</def>

<h1>Pickpenny</h1>
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<hw>Pick"pen`ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pickpennies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A miser; also, a sharper.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Pickpocket</h1>
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<hw>Pick"pock`et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who steals purses or other articles from pockets.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Pickpurse</h1>
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<hw>Pick"purse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who steals purses, or money from purses.</def>

<i>Latimer. Shak.</i>

<h1>Picksy</h1>
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<hw>Pick"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pixy</er>.</def>

<h1>Pickthank</h1>
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<hw>Pick"thank`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who strives to put another under obligation; an officious person; hence, a flatterer. Used also adjectively.</def>

<blockquote>Smiling <b>pickthanks</b>, and base newsmongers.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Picktooth</h1>
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<hw>Pick"tooth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A toothpick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Picke</h1>
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<hw>Pi"cke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. <ets>pightel</ets> or <ets>pingle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small piece of land inclosed with a hedge; a close.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pickle</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Picnic</h1>
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<hw>Pic"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>piquenique</ets>. See <er>Pick</er>, <tt>v.</tt>, and cf. <er>Knickknack</er>.]</ety> <def>Formerly, an entertainment at which each person contributed some dish to a common table; now, an excursion or pleasure party in which the members partake of a collation or repast (usually in the open air, and from food carried by themselves).</def>

<h1>Picnic</h1>
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<hw>Pic"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Picnicked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Picnicking</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To go on a picnic, or pleasure excursion; to eat in public fashion.</def>

<h1>Picnicker</h1>
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<hw>Pic"nick*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who takes part in a picnic.</def>

<h1>Picoid</h1>
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<hw>Pi"coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Picus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the Pici.</def>

<h1>Picoline</h1>
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<hw>Pic"o*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pix</ets>, <ets>picis</ets>, pitch + <ets>ol</ets>eum oil + <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of three isometric bases (<chform>C6H7N</chform>) related to pyridine, and obtained from bone oil, acrolein ammonia, and coal-tar naphtha, as colorless mobile liquids of strong odor; -- called also <altname>methyl pyridine</altname>.</def>

<h1>Picotee, Picotine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pic`o*tee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pic`o*tine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>picot\'82</ets> dotted, picked.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A variety of carnation having petals of a light color variously dotted and spotted at the edges.</def>

<h1>Picquet</h1>
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<hw>Pic"quet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Piquet</er>.</def>

<h1>Picra</h1>
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<hw>Pi"cra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ sharp, bitter.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The powder of aloes with canella, formerly officinal, employed as a cathartic.</def>

<h1>Picrate</h1>
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<hw>Pi"crate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of picric acid.</def>

<h1>Picric</h1>
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<hw>Pi"cric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bitter.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a strong organic acid (called <i>picric acid</i>), intensely bitter.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Picric acid</i> is obtained by treating phenol with strong nitric acid, as a brilliant yellow crystalline substance, <chform>C6H2(NO2)3.OH</chform>. It is used in dyeing silk and wool, and also in the manufacture of explosives, as it is very unstable when heated. Called also <altname>trinitrophenol</altname>, and formerly <altname>carbazotic acid</altname>.</note>

<h1>Picrite</h1>
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<hw>Pic"rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ bitter.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A dark green igneous rock, consisting largely of chrysolite, with hornblende, augite, biotite, etc.</def>

<h1>Picrolite</h1>
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<hw>Pic"ro*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bitter + <ets>-lite</ets>.: cf. F. <ets>picrolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A fibrous variety of serpentine.</def>

<h1>Picromel</h1>
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<hw>Pic"ro*mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bitter + <?/ honey: cf. F. <ets>picromel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless viscous substance having a bitter-sweet taste.</def>

<note>&hand; It was formerly supposed to be the essential principle of the bile, but is now known to be a mixture, principally of salts of glycocholic and taurocholic acids.</note>

<h1>Picrotoxin</h1>
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<hw>Pic`ro*tox"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bitter + <ets>tox</ets>ic + <ets>-in</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter white crystalline substance found in the cocculus indicus. It is a peculiar poisonous neurotic and intoxicant, and consists of a mixture of several neutral substances.</def>

<h1>Picryl</h1>
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<hw>Pi"cryl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Picr</ets>ic + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The hypothetical radical of picric acid, analogous to phenyl.</def>

<h1>Pictish</h1>
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<hw>Pict"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Picts; resembling the Picts.</def> "The <i>Pictish</i> peer."

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Pictograph</h1>
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<hw>Pic"to*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Picture</er>, and <er>-graph</er>.]</ety> <def>A picture or hieroglyph representing and expressing an idea.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pic`to*graph"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pictorial</h1>
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<hw>Pic*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pictorius</ets>, fr. <ets>pictor</ets> a painter, fr. <ets>pingere</ets> to paint. See <er>Paint</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to pictures; illustrated by pictures; forming pictures; representing with the clearness of a picture; <as>as, a <ex>pictorial</ex> dictionary; a <ex>pictorial</ex> imagination.</as></def> "<i>Pictorial</i> rhetoric." <i>Ruskin</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Pic*to"ri*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pictoric, Pictorical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pic*tor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pic*tor"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pictorial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Picts</h1>
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<hw>Picts</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Pict</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <ety>[L. <ets>Picti</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>Peohtas</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A race of people of uncertain origin, who inhabited Scotland in early times.</def>

<h1>Pictura</h1>
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<hw>Pic*tu"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a painting.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pattern of coloration.</def>

<h1>Picturable</h1>
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<hw>Pic"tur*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being pictured, or represented by a picture.</def>

<h1>Pictural</h1>
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<hw>Pic"tur*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pictorial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Pictural</h1>
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<hw>Pic"tur*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A picture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Picture</h1>
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<hw>Pic"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pictura</ets>, fr. <ets>pingere</ets>, <ets>pictum</ets>, to paint: cf. F. <ets>peinture</ets>. See <er>Paint</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of painting; representation by painting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Any well-expressed image . . . either in <b>picture</b> or sculpture.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A representation of anything (as a person, a landscape, a building) upon canvas, paper, or other surface, produced by means of painting, drawing, engraving, photography, etc.; a representation in colors. By extension, a figure; a model.</def>

<blockquote><b>Pictures</b> and shapes are but secondary objects.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The young king's <b>picture</b> . . . in virgin wax.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An image or resemblance; a representation, either to the eye or to the mind; that which, by its likeness, brings vividly to mind some other thing; <as>as, a child is the <ex>picture</ex> of his father; the man is the <ex>picture</ex> of grief.</as></def>

<blockquote>My eyes make <b>pictures</b> when they are shut.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Picture</i> is often used adjectively, or in forming self-explaining compounds; as, <i>picture</i> book or <i>picture</i>-book, <i>picture</i> frame or <i>picture</i>-frame, <i>picture</i> seller or <i>picture</i>-seller, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Picture gallery</col>, <cd>a gallery, or large apartment, devoted to the exhibition of pictures.</cd> -- <col>Picture red</col>, <cd>a rod of metal tube fixed to the walls of a room, from which pictures are hung.</cd> -- <col>Picture writing</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The art of recording events, or of expressing messages, by means of pictures representing the actions or circumstances in question</cd>. <i>Tylor</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The record or message so represented; <as>as, the <ex>picture writing<ex> of the American Indians</as>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Picture</er>, <er>Painting</er>.</syn> <usage> Every kind of representation by drawing or painting is a <i>picture</i>, whether made with oil colors, water colors, pencil, crayons, or India ink; strictly, a <i>painting</i> is a picture made by means of colored paints, usually applied moist with a brush.</usage>

<h1>Picture</h1>
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<hw>Pic"ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pictured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Picturing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To draw or paint a resemblance of; to delineate; to represent; to form or present an ideal likeness of; to bring before the mind.</def> "I . . . do <i>picture</i> it in my mind."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>I have not seen him so <b>pictured</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pictured</h1>
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<hw>Pic"tured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with pictures; represented by a picture or pictures; <as>as, a <ex>pictured</ex> scene</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="1084">
Page 1084<p>

<h1>Picturer</h1>
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<hw>Pic"tur*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes pictures; a painter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Picturesque</h1>
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<hw>Pic`tur*esque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>pittoresco</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pittoresque</ets>. See <er>Pictorial</er>.]</ety> <def>Forming, or fitted to form, a good or pleasing picture; representing with the clearness or ideal beauty appropriate to a picture; expressing that peculiar kind of beauty which is agreeable in a picture, natural or artificial; graphic; vivid; <as>as, a <ex>picturesque</ex> scene or attitude; <ex>picturesque</ex> language.</as></def>

<blockquote>What is <b>picturesque</b> as placed in relation to the beautiful and the sublime? It is . . . the characteristic pushed into a sensible excess.
<i>De Quincey.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pic`tur*esque"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pic`tur*esque"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Picturesquish</h1>
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<hw>Pic`tur*esqu"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat picturesque.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Picturize</h1>
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<hw>Pic"tur*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Picturized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Picturizing</er>.]</wordforms> <mark>[R.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To picture.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To adorn with pictures.</def>

<h1>Picul</h1>
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<hw>Pic"ul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Jav. & Malay <ets>pikul</ets>, fr. <ets>pikul</ets> to carry on the back, to carry a burden; n., a man's burden.]</ety> <def>A commercial weight varying in different countries and for different commodities. In Borneo it is 135<frac58/ lbs.; in China and Sumatra, 133<frac12/ lbs.; in Japan, 133<frac13/ lbs.; but sometimes 130 lbs., etc. Called also, by the Chinese, <altname>tan</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pecul</asp>, and <asp>pecal</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Piculet</h1>
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<hw>Pic"u*let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <er>Picus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of very small woodpeckers of the genus <spn>Picumnus</spn> and allied genera. Their tail feathers are not stiff and sharp at the tips, as in ordinary woodpeckers.</def>

<h1>Picus</h1>
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<hw>Pi"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pici</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a woodpecker.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of woodpeckers, including some of the common American and European species.</def><-- now picoides? -->

<h1>Piddle</h1>
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<hw>Pid"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Piddled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Piddling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. dial. Sw. <ets>pittla</ets> to keep picking at, Sw. <ets>peta</ets> to pick.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deal in trifles; to concern one's self with trivial matters rather than with those that are important.</def>

<i>Ascham.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be squeamishly nice about one's food.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To urinate; -- child's word.</def>

<h1>Piddler</h1>
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<hw>Pid"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who piddles.</def>

<h1>Piddling</h1>
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<hw>Pid"dling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Trifling; trivial; frivolous; paltry; -- applied to persons and things.</def>

<blockquote>The ignoble hucksterage of <b>piddling</b> tithes.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Piddock</h1>
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<hw>Pid"dock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of Pholas; a pholad. See <er>Pholas</er>.</def>

<h1>Pie</h1>
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<hw>Pie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pie</ets>, <ets>pye</ets>; cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>pighe</ets> pie, also Gael. <ets>pige</ets> an earthen jar or pot. Cf. <er>Piggin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An article of food consisting of paste baked with something in it or under it; <as>as, chicken <ex>pie</ex>; venison <ex>pie</ex>; mince <ex>pie</ex>; apple <ex>pie</ex>; pumpkin <ex>pie</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Camp</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<cs><col>Pie crust</col>, <cd>the paste of a pie.</cd></cs>
<-- easy as pie = very easy -->

<h1>Pie</h1>
<Xpage=1084>

<hw>Pie</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pie</ets>, L. <ets>pica</ets>; cf. <ets>picus</ets> woodpecker, <ets>pingere</ets> to paint; the bird being perhaps named from its colors. Cf. <er>Pi</er>, <er>Paint</er>, <er>Speight</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A magpie.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any other species of the genus <spn>Pica</spn>, and of several allied genera.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pye</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The service book.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Pritn.)</fld> <def>Type confusedly mixed. See <er>Pi</er>.</def>

<cs><col>By cock and pie</col>, <cd>an adjuration equivalent to "by God and the service book." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Tree pie</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any Asiatic bird of the genus <spn>Dendrocitta</spn>, allied to the magpie.</cd> -- <col>Wood pie</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>French pie</cref>, under <er>French</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pie</h1>
<Xpage=1084>

<hw>Pie</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Pi</er>.</def>

<h1>Piebald</h1>
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<hw>Pie"bald`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pie</ets> the party-colored bird + <ets>bald</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having spots and patches of black and white, or other colors; mottled; pied.</def> "A <i>piebald</i> steed of Thracian strain."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Mixed.</def> "<i>Piebald</i> languages."

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Piece</h1>
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<hw>Piece</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pece</ets>, F. <ets>pi\'8ace</ets>, LL. <ets>pecia</ets>, <ets>petia</ets>, <ets>petium</ets>, probably of Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets>peth</ets> a thing, a part, portion, a little, Armor. <ets>pez</ets>, Gael. & Ir. <ets>cuid</ets> part, share. Cf. <er>Petty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fragment or part of anything separated from the whole, in any manner, as by cutting, splitting, breaking, or tearing; a part; a portion; <as>as, a <ex>piece</ex> of sugar; to break in <ex>pieces</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Bring it out <b>piece</b> by <b>piece</b>.
<i>Ezek. xxiv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A definite portion or quantity, as of goods or work; <as>as, a <ex>piece</ex> of broadcloth; a <ex>piece</ex> of wall paper.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any one thing conceived of as apart from other things of the same kind; an individual article; a distinct single effort of a series; a definite performance</def>; especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A literary or artistic composition; <as>as, a <ex>piece</ex> of poetry, music, or statuary</as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A musket, gun, or cannon; <as>as, a battery of six <ex>pieces</ex>; a following <ex>piece</ex></as></def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A coin; <as>as, a sixpenny <ex>piece</ex></as>; -- formerly applied specifically to an English gold coin worth 22 shillings</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A fact; an item; <as>as, a <ex>piece</ex> of news; a <ex>piece</ex> of knowledge</as></def>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An individual; -- applied to a person as being of a certain nature or quality; often, but not always, used slightingly or in contempt.</def> "If I had not been a <i>piece</i> of a logician before I came to him."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<blockquote>Thy mother was a <b>piece</b> of virtue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His own spirit is as unsettled a <b>piece</b> as there is in all the world.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<-- <col>a piece of cake</col>, a task easily accomplished. <col>a piece of work</col>, a disparaging term for a person considered to have an excess of some undesirable quality; esp.  difficult or eccentric person. <col>Piece of ass</col> vulgar term for a woman, considered as a partner in sexual intercourse -->

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Chess)</fld> <def>One of the superior men, distinguished from a pawn.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A castle; a fortified building.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<cs><col>Of a piece</col>, <cd>of the same sort, as if taken from the same whole; like; -- sometimes followed by <i>with<i>. <i>Dryden</i>.</cd> -- <col>Piece of eight</col>, <cd>the Spanish piaster, formerly divided into eight reals.</cd> -- <col>To give a piece of one's mind to</col>, <cd>to speak plainly, bluntly, or severely to (another). <i>Tackeray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Piece broker</col>, <cd>one who buys shreds and remnants of cloth to sell again.</cd> -- <col>Piece goods</col>, <cd>goods usually sold by pieces or fixed portions, as shirtings, calicoes, sheetings, and the like.</cd></cs>

<h1>Piece</h1>
<Xpage=1084>

<hw>Piece</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pieced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Piecing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make, enlarge, or repair, by the addition of a piece or pieces; to patch; <as>as, to <ex>piece</ex> a garment</as>; -- often with <i>out</i>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To unite; to join; to combine.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<blockquote>His adversaries . . . <b>pieced</b> themselves together in a joint opposition against him.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Piece</h1>
<Xpage=1084>

<hw>Piece</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To unite by a coalescence of parts; to fit together; to join.</def> "It <i>pieced</i> better."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Pieceless</h1>
<Xpage=1084>

<hw>Piece"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not made of pieces; whole; entire.</def>

<h1>Piecely</h1>
<Xpage=1084>

<hw>Piece"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In pieces; piecemeal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Piecemeal</h1>
<Xpage=1084>

<hw>Piece"meal`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pecemele</ets>; <ets>pece</ets> a piece + AS. <ets>m<?/lum</ets>, dat. pl. of <ets>m<?/l</ets> part. See <er>Meal</er> a portion.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In pieces; in parts or fragments.</def> "On which it <i>piecemeal</i> brake."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<blockquote>The beasts will tear thee <b>piecemeal</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Piece by piece; by little and little in succession.</def>

<blockquote><b>Piecemeal</b> they win, this acre first, than that.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Piecemeal</h1>
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<hw>Piece"meal`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made up of parts or pieces; single; separate.</def> "These <i>piecemeal</i> guilts."

<i>Gov. of Tongue.</i>

<h1>Piecemeal</h1>
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<hw>Piece"meal`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fragment; a scrap.</def>

<i>R. Vaughan.</i>

<h1>Piecemealed</h1>
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<hw>Piece"mealed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Divided into pieces.</def>

<h1>Piecener</h1>
<Xpage=1084>

<hw>Piece"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who supplies rolls of wool to the slubbing machine in woolen mills.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Same as <er>Piecer</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Piecer</h1>
<Xpage=1084>

<hw>Pie"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who pieces; a patcher.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A child employed in spinning mill to tie together broken threads.</def>

<h1>Piecework</h1>
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<hw>Piece"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Work done by the piece or job; work paid for at a rate based on the amount of work done, rather than on the time employed.</def>

<blockquote>The reaping was <b>piecework</b>, at so much per acre.
<i>R. Jefferies.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pied</h1>
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<hw>Pied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Pi</er>, or <er>Pie</er>, <tt>v.</tt></def>

<h1>Pied</h1>
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<hw>Pied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pie</er> the party-colored bird.]</ety> <def>Variegated with spots of different colors; party-colored; spotted; piebald.</def> "<i>Pied</i> coats." <i>Burton</i>. "Meadows trim with daisies <i>pied</i>." <i>Milton</i>.

<cs><col>Pied antelope</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the bontebok.</cd> -- <col>Pied-billed grebe</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the dabchick.</cd> -- <col>Pied blackbird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any Asiatic thrush of the genus <spn>Turdulus</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Pied finch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The chaffinch.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The snow bunting</cd>. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Pied flycatcher</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common European flycatcher (<spn>Ficedula atricapilla</spn>). The male is black and white.</cd></cs>

<h1>Piedmont</h1>
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<hw>Pied"mont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pied</ets> foot + <ets>mont</ets> mountain.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Noting the region of foothills near the base of a mountain chain.</def>

<h1>Piedmontite</h1>
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<hw>Pied"mont*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A manganesian kind of epidote, from <i>Piedmont</i>. See <er>Epidote</er>.</def>

<h1>Piedness</h1>
<Xpage=1084>

<hw>Pied"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being pied.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pi\'82douche</h1>
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<hw>Pi\'82`douche"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>peduccio</ets> console, corbel.]</ety> <def>A pedestal of small size, used to support small objects, as busts, vases, and the like.</def>

<h1>Piedstall</h1>
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<hw>Pied"stall</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pedestal</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pieman</h1>
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<hw>Pie"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Piemen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man who makes or sells pies.</def>

<h1>Piend</h1>
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<hw>Piend</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>pind</ets> a peg.]</ety> <def>See <er>Peen</er>.</def>

<h1>Pieno</h1>
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<hw>Pi*e"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. L. <ets>plenus</ets> full.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Full; having all the instruments.</def>

<h1>Pieplant</h1>
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<hw>Pie"plant`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Rheum Rhaponticum</spn>) the leafstalks of which are acid, and are used in making pies; the garden rhubarb.</def>

<h1>Piepoudre, Piepowder</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pie"pou`dre</hw>, <hw>Pie"pow`der</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Lit., dustyfoot, i.e., dusty-footed dealers, fr. F. <ets>pied</ets> foot + <ets>poudreux</ets> dusty.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>An ancient court of record in England, formerly incident to every fair and market, of which the steward of him who owned or had the toll was the judge.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Pier</h1>
<Xpage=1084>

<hw>Pier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pere</ets>, OF. <ets>piere</ets> a stone, F. <ets>pierre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>petra</ets>, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Petrify</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any detached mass of masonry, whether insulated or supporting one side of an arch or lintel, as of a bridge; the piece of wall between two openings.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any additional or auxiliary mass of masonry used to stiffen a wall. See <er>Buttress</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A projecting wharf or landing place.</def>

<cs><col>Abutment pier</col>, <cd>the pier of a bridge next the shore; a pier which by its strength and stability resists the thrust of an arch.</cd> -- <col>Pier glass</col>, <cd>a mirror, of high and narrow shape, to be put up between windows.</cd> -- <col>Pier table</col>, <cd>a table made to stand between windows.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pierage</h1>
<Xpage=1084>

<hw>Pier"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Wharfage</er>.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Pierce</h1>
<Xpage=1084>

<hw>Pierce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pierced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Piercing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>percen</ets>, F. <ets>percer</ets>, OF. <ets>percier</ets>, <ets>perchier</ets>, <ets>parchier</ets>; perh. fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>pertusiare</ets> for <ets>pertusare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pertundere</ets>, <ets>pertusum</ets>, to beat, push, bore through; <ets>per</ets> through + <ets>tundere</ets> to beat: cf. OF. <ets>pertuisier</ets> to pierce, F. <ets>pertuis</ets> a hole. Cf. <er>Contuse</er>, <er>Parch</er>, <er>Pertuse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To thrust into, penetrate, or transfix, with a pointed instrument.</def> "I <i>pierce</i> . . . her tender side."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To penetrate; to enter; to force a way into or through; to pass into or through; <as>as, to <ex>pierce</ex> the enemy's line; a shot <ex>pierced</ex> the ship.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: To penetrate; to affect deeply; <as>as, to <ex>pierce</ex> a mystery</as>.</def> "<i>Pierced</i> with grief."

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>Can no prayers <b>pierce</b> thee?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pierce</h1>
<Xpage=1084>

<hw>Pierce</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To enter; to penetrate; to make a way into or through something, as a pointed instrument does; -- used literally and figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>pierced</b> to the skin, but bit no more.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She would not <b>pierce</b> further into his meaning.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pierceable</h1>
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<hw>Pierce"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be pierced.</def>

<h1>Pierced</h1>
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<hw>Pierced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Penetrated; entered; perforated.</def>

<h1>Piercel</h1>
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<hw>Pier"cel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>perce</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of gimlet for making vents in casks; -- called also <altname>piercer</altname>.</def>

<h1>Piercer</h1>
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<hw>Pier"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, pierces or perforates</def>; specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument used in forming eyelets; a stiletto</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A piercel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The ovipositor, or sting, of an insect.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An insect provided with an ovipositor.</def>

<h1>Piercing</h1>
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<hw>Pier"cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Forcibly entering, or adapted to enter, at or by a point; perforating; penetrating; keen; -- used also figuratively; <as>as, a <ex>piercing</ex> instrument, or thrust</as>.</def> "<i>Piercing</i> eloquence."

<i>Shak.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pier"cing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pier"cing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pierian</h1>
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<hw>Pi*e"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Pierius</ets>, from Mount <ets>Pierus</ets>, in Thessaly, sacred to the Muses.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Pierides or Muses.</def>

<blockquote>Drink deep, or taste not the <b>Pierian</b> spring.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pierid</h1>
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<hw>Pi"er*id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Peirides</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any butterfly of the genus <spn>Pieris</spn> and related genera. See <cref>Cabbage butterfly</cref>, under <er>Cabbage</er>.</def>

<h1>Pierides</h1>
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<hw>Pi*er"i*des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Pierian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The Muses.</def>

<h1>Piet</h1>
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<hw>Pi"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <er>Pie</er> a magpie: cf. F. <ets>piette</ets> a smew.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The dipper, or watter ouzel.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The magpie.</def> <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>Jay piet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European jay.</cd> <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Sea piet</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the oyster catcher. <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Piet\'85</h1>
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<hw>Pi*e*t\'85"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A representation of the dead Christ, attended by the Virgin Mary or by holy women and angels.</def>

<i>Mollett.</i>

<h1>Pietism</h1>
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<hw>Pi"e*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>pietismus</ets>, F. <ets>pi\'82tisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The principle or practice of the Pietists.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Strict devotion; also, affectation of devotion.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>Sch\'94ne Seele</b>, that ideal of gentle <b>pietism</b>, in "Wilhelm Meister."
<i>W. Pater.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pietist</h1>
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<hw>Pi"e*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>pietist</ets>, F. <ets>pi\'82tiste</ets>. See <er>Piety</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a class of religious reformers in Germany in the 17th century who sought to revive declining piety in the Protestant churches; -- often applied as a term of reproach to those who make a display of religious feeling. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Pietistic, Pietistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pi`e*tis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pi`e*tis"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pietists; hence, in contempt, affectedly or demonstratively religious.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Pietra dura</h1>
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<hw>Pi*e"tra du"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[It., hard stone.]</ety> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Hard and fine stones in general, such as are used for inlay and the like, as distinguished from the softer stones used in building; thus, a Florentine mosaic is a familiar instance of work in <i>pietra dura</i>, though the ground may be soft marble.</def>

<h1>Piety</h1>
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<hw>Pi"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pi\'82t\'82</ets>; cf. It. <ets>piet\'85</ets>; both fr. L. <ets>pietas</ets> piety, fr. <ets>pius</ets> pious. See <er>Pious</er>, and cf. <er>Pity</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Veneration or reverence of the Supreme Being, and love of his character; loving obedience to the will of God, and earnest devotion to his service.</def>

<blockquote><b>Piety</b> is the only proper and adequate relief of decaying man.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Duty; dutifulness; filial reverence and devotion; affectionate reverence and service shown toward parents, relatives, benefactors, country, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Conferred upon me for the <b>piety</b>
Which to my country I was judged to have shown.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Religion; sanctity; devotion; godliness; holiness. See <er>Religion</er>.</syn>

<h1>Piewipe</h1>
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<hw>Pie"wipe`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from its note.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lapwing, or pewit.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<-- piezo-
    piezo-electric -->

<h1>Piezometer</h1>
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<hw>Pi`e*zom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to press + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pi\'82zom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the compressibility of liquids.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A gauge connected with a water main to show the pressure at that point.</def>

<h1>Piffero, Piffara</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pif"fe*ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pif"fa*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>piffero</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A fife; also, a rude kind of oboe or a bagpipe with an inflated skin for reservoir.</def>

<h1>Pig</h1>
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<hw>Pig</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A piggin.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pigg</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pig</h1>
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<hw>Pig</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>big</ets>, <ets>bigge</ets>, LG. <ets>bigge</ets>, also Dan. <ets>pige</ets> girl, Sw. <ets>piga</ets>, Icel. <ets>p\'c6ka</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The young of swine, male or female; also, any swine; a hog.</def> "Two <i>pigges</i> in a poke."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any wild species of the genus <spn>Sus</spn> and related genera.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Sow</er> a channel for melted iron.]</ety> <def>An oblong mass of cast iron, lead, or other metal. See <cref>Mine pig</cref>, under <er>Mine</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who is hoggish; a greedy person.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<cs><col>Masked pig</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Masked</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pig bed</col> <fld>(Founding)</fld>, <cd>the bed of sand in which the iron from a smelting furnace is cast into pigs.</cd> -- <col>Pig iron</col>, <cd>cast iron in pigs, or oblong blocks or bars, as it comes from the smelting furnace. See <er>Pig</er>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Pig yoke</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a nickname for a quadrant or sextant.</cd> -- <col>A pig in a poke</col> (that is, <i>bag<i>), <cd>a blind bargain; something bought or bargained for, without the quality or the value being known.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Pig</h1>
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<hw>Pig</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pigged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pigging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring forth (pigs); to bring forth in the manner of pigs; to farrow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To huddle or lie together like pigs, in one bed.</def>

<h1>Pigeon</h1>
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<hw>Pi"geon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>pipio</ets> a young pipping or chirping bird, fr. <ets>pipire</ets> to peep, chirp. Cf. <er>Peep</er> to chirp.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the order Columb\'91, of which numerous species occur in nearly all parts of the world.</def>

<note>&hand; The common domestic pigeon, or dove, was derived from the Old World rock pigeon (<spn>Columba livia</spn>). It has given rise to numerous very remarkable varieties, such as the carrier, fantail, nun, pouter, tumbler, etc. The common wild pigeons of the Eastern United States are the passenger pigeon, and the Carolina dove. See under <er>Passenger</er>, and <er>Dove</er>. See, also, <cref>Fruit pigeon</cref>, <cref>Ground pigeon</cref>, <cref>Queen pigeon</cref>, <cref>Stock pigeon</cref>, under <er>Fruit</er>, <er>Ground</er>, etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An unsuspected victim of sharpers; a gull.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<cs><col>Blue pigeon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Australian passerine bird (<spn>Graucalus melanops</spn>); -- called also <altname>black-faced crow</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Green pigeon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of numerous species of Old World pigeons belonging to the family <spn>Treronid\'91</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Imperial pigeon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of the large Asiatic fruit pigeons of the genus <spn>Carpophada</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Pigeon berry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the purplish black fruit of the pokeweed; also, the plant itself. See <er>Pokeweed</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pigeon English</col> <ety>[perhaps a corruption of <ets>business English<ets>]</ety>, <cd>an extraordinary and grotesque dialect, employed in the commercial cities of China, as the medium of communication between foreign merchants and the Chinese. Its base is English, with a mixture of Portuguese and Hindoostanee. <i>Johnson's Cyc</i>.</cd><-- pidgin English??? --> -- <col>Pigeon grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of foxtail grass (<spn>Setaria glauca</spn>), of some value as fodder. The seeds are eagerly eaten by pigeons and other birds.</cd> -- <col>Pigeon hawk</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small American falcon (<spn>Falco columbarius</spn>). The adult male is dark slate-blue above, streaked with black on the back; beneath, whitish or buff, streaked with brown. The tail is banded.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The American sharp-shinned hawk (<spn>Accipiter velox, &or; fuscus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Pigeon hole</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A hole for pigeons to enter a pigeon house</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See <er>Pigeonhole</er>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <cd>An old English game, in which balls were rolled through little arches. <i>Halliwell</i>.</cd> -- <col>Pigeon house</col>, <cd>a dovecote.</cd> -- <col>Pigeon pea</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the seed of <spn>Cajanus Indicus</spn>; a kind of pulse used for food in the East and West Indies; also, the plant itself.</cd> -- <col>Pigeon plum</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the edible drupes of two West African species of <spn>Chrysobalanus</spn> (<spn>C. ellipticus</spn> and <spn>C. luteus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Pigeon tremex</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Tremex</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pigeon wood</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name in the West Indies for the wood of several very different kinds of trees, species of <spn>Dipholis</spn>, <spn>Diospyros</spn>, and <spn>Coccoloba</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Pigeon woodpecker</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the flicker.</cd> -- <col>Prairie pigeon</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The upland plover</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The golden plover</cd>. <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="1085">
Page 1085<p>

<h1>Pigeon</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pi"geon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pluck; to fleece; to swindle by tricks in gambling.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Smart.</i>

<blockquote>He's <b>pigeoned</b> and undone.
<i>Observer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pigeon-breasted</h1>
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<hw>Pi"geon-breast`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a breast like a pigeon, -- the sternum being so prominent as to constitute a deformity; chicken-breasted.</def>

<h1>Pigeonfoot</h1>
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<hw>Pi"geon*foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The dove's-foot geranium (<spn>Geranium molle</spn>).</def>

<h1>Pigeon-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Pi"geon-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Timid; easily frightened; chicken-hearted.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Pigeonhole</h1>
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<hw>Pi"geon*hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small compartment in a desk or case for the keeping of letters, documents, etc.; -- so called from the resemblance of a row of them to the compartments in a dovecote.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Pigeonhole</h1>
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<hw>Pi"geon*hole`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To place in the pigeonhole of a case or cabinet; hence, to put away; to lay aside indefinitely; <as>as, to <ex>pigeonhole</ex> a letter or a report</as>.</def>

<h1>Pigeon-livered</h1>
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<hw>Pi"geon-liv`ered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pigeon-hearted.</def>

<h1>Pigeonry</h1>
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<hw>Pi"geon*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place for pigeons; a dovecote.</def>

<h1>Pigeontoed</h1>
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<hw>Pi"geon*toed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the toes turned in.</def>

<h1>Pig-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Pig"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having small, deep-set eyes.</def>

<h1>Pigfish</h1>
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<hw>Pig"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of several species of salt-water grunts; -- called also <altname>hogfish</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A sculpin. The name is also applied locally to several other fishes.</def>

<h1>Pigfoot</h1>
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<hw>Pig"foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine fish (<spn>Scorp\'91na porcus</spn>), native of Europe. It is reddish brown, mottled with dark brown and black.</def>

<h1>Pigg</h1>
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<hw>Pigg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A piggin. See 1st <er>Pig</er>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Piggery</h1>
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<hw>Pig"ger*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Piggeries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A place where swine are kept.</def>

<h1>Piggin</h1>
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<hw>Pig"gin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot.; cf. Gael. <ets>pigean</ets>, dim. of <ets>pigeadh</ets>, <ets>pige</ets>, an earthen jar, pitcher, or pot, Ir. <ets>pigin</ets>, <ets>pighead</ets>, W. <ets>piccyn</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small wooden pail or tub with an upright stave for a handle, -- often used as a dipper.</def>

<h1>Piggish</h1>
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<hw>Pig"gish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to, or like, a pig; greedy.</def>

<h1>Pig-headed</h1>
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<hw>Pig"-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a head like a pig; hence, figuratively: stupidity obstinate; perverse; stubborn.</def> <i>B. Jonson</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Pig"-head`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pight</h1>
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<hw>Pight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <mord>of <er>Pitch</er>, to throw; -- used also adjectively</mord>. <def>Pitched; fixed; determined.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>[His horse] <b>pight</b> him on the pommel of his head.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I found him <b>pight</b> to do it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pightel</h1>
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<hw>Pigh"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Pight</er>, <er>Picle</er>.]</ety> <def>A small inclosure.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pightle</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Pig-jawed</h1>
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<hw>Pig"-jawed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the upper jaw projecting beyond the lower, with the upper incisors in advance of the lower; -- said of dogs.</def>

<h1>Pigmean</h1>
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<hw>Pig*me"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Pygmean</er>.</def>

<h1>Pigment</h1>
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<hw>Pig"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pigmentum</ets>, fr. the root of <ets>pingere</ets> to paint: cf. F. <ets>pigment</ets>. See <er>Paint</er>, and cf. <er>Pimento</er>, <er>Orpiment</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any material from which a dye, a paint, or the like, may be prepared; particularly, the refined and purified coloring matter ready for mixing with an appropriate vehicle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Any one of the colored substances found in animal and vegetable tissues and fluids, as bilirubin, urobilin, chlorophyll, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Wine flavored with species and honey.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<cs><col>Pigment cell</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>a small cell containing coloring matter, as the pigmented epithelial cells of the choroid and iris, or the pigmented connective tissue cells in the skin of fishes, reptiles, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pigmental, Pigmentary</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pig*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pig"men*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to pigments; furnished with pigments.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<cs><col>Pigmentary degeneration</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a morbid condition in which an undue amount of pigment is deposited in the tissues.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pigmentation</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pig`men*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A deposition, esp. an excessive deposition, of coloring matter; <as>as, <ex>pigmentation</ex> of the liver</as>.</def>

<h1>Pigmented</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pig"ment*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Colored; specifically <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, filled or imbued with pigment; <as>as, <ex>pigmented</ex> epithelial cells; <ex>pigmented</ex> granules.</as></def>

<h1>Pigmentous</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pig*men"tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pigmental.</def>

<h1>Pigmy</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pig"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pygmy</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Pigmy falcon</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Falconet</er>, 2 <sd>(a)</sd>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pignerate</h1>
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<hw>Pig"ner*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pigneratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>pignerate</ets> to pledge.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pledge or pawn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>to receive in pawn, as a pawnbroker does.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pignoration</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pig`no*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>pignoratio</ets>, L. <ets>pigneratio</ets>, fr. <ets>pignerate</ets> to pledge, fr. <ets>pignus</ets>, gen. <ets>-ous</ets> and <ets>-eris</ets>, a pledge, a pawn: cf. F. <ets>pignoration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of pledging or pawning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>The taking of cattle doing damage, by way of pledge, till satisfaction is made.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Pignorative</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pig"no*ra*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pignoratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pledging, pawning.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pignus</h1>
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<hw>Pig"nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pignora</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Law)</fld> <def>A pledge or pawn.</def>

<h1>Pignut</h1>
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<hw>Pig"nut</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>See <er>Groundnut</er></def> <sd>(d)</sd>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The bitter-flavored nut of a species of hickory (<spn>Carya glabra, &or; porcina</spn>); also, the tree itself.</def>

<h1>Pigpen</h1>
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<hw>Pig"pen`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pen, or sty, for pigs.</def>

<h1>Pigskin</h1>
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<hw>Pig"skin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The skin of a pig, -- used chiefly for making saddles; hence, a colloquial or slang term for a saddle.</def>

<h1>Pigsney</h1>
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<hw>Pigs"ney</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. a dim. of Dan. <ets>pige</ets> a girl, or Sw. <ets>piga</ets>; or from E. <ets>pig's eye</ets>.]</ety> <def>A word of endearment for a girl or woman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pigsnie</asp>, <asp>pigsny</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pig-sticking</h1>
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<hw>Pig"-stick`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Boar hunting; -- so called by Anglo-Indians.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Tackeray.</i>

<h1>Pigsty</h1>
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<hw>Pig"sty`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pigsties</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A pigpen.</def>

<h1>Pigtail</h1>
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<hw>Pig"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The tail of a pig.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Hair Dressing)</fld> <def>A cue, or queue.</def>

<i>J. & H. Smith.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of twisted chewing tobacco.</def>

<blockquote>The tobacco he usually cheweth, called <b>pigtail</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pigtailed</h1>
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<hw>Pig"tailed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a tail like a pig's; <as>as, the <ex>pigtailed</ex> baboon</as>.</def>

<h1>Pigweed</h1>
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<hw>Pig"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name of several annual weeds. See <er>Goosefoot</er>, and <er>Lamb's-quarters</er>.</def>

<h1>Pigwidgeon</h1>
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<hw>Pig"wid`geon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>pigwidgin</ets> and <ets>pigwiggen</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cant word for anything petty or small. It is used by Drayton as the name of a fairy.</def>

<h1>Pika</h1>
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<hw>Pi"ka</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of rodents of the genus <spn>Lagomys</spn>, resembling small tailless rabbits. They inhabit the high mountains of Asia and America. Called also <altname>calling hare</altname>, and <altname>crying hare</altname>. See <er>Chief hare</er>.</def>

<h1>Pike</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pike</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pique</ets>; perhaps of Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets>pig</ets> a prick, a point, beak, Arm. <ets>pik</ets> pick. But cf. also L. <ets>picus</ets> woodpecker (see <er>Pie</er> magpie), and E. <ets>spike</ets>. Cf. <er>Pick</er>, <tt>n. & v.</tt>, <er>Peak</er>, <er>Pique</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A foot soldier's weapon, consisting of a long wooden shaft or staff, with a pointed steel head. It is now superseded by the bayonet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pointed head or spike; esp., one in the center of a shield or target.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A hayfork.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A pick.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright. Raymond.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A pointed or peaked hill.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A large haycock.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A turnpike; a toll bar.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <tt>sing. & pl.</tt> <def>A large fresh-water fish (<spn>Esox lucius</spn>), found in Europe and America, highly valued as a food fish; -- called also <altname>pickerel</altname>, <altname>gedd</altname>, <altname>luce</altname>, and <altname>jack</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Blue pike</i>, <i>grass pike</i>, <i>green pike</i>, <i>wall-eyed pike</i>, and <i>yellow pike</i>, are names, not of true pike, but of the wall-eye. See <er>Wall-eye</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Gar pike</col>. <cd>See under <er>Gar</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pike perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any fresh-water fish of the genus <spn>Stizostedion</spn> (formerly <spn>Lucioperca</spn>). See <er>Wall-eye</er>, and <er>Sauger</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pike pole</col>, <cd>a long pole with a pike in one end, used in directing floating logs.</cd> -- <col>Pike whale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a finback whale of the North Atlantic (<spn>Bal\'91noptera rostrata</spn>), having an elongated snout; -- called also <altname>piked whale</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Sand pike</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the lizard fish.</cd> -- <col>Sea pike</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the garfish <sd>(a)</sd>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Piked</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Piked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with a pike; ending in a point; peaked; pointed.</def> "With their <i>piked</i> targets bearing them down."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Pike-devant</h1>
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<hw>Pike`-de*vant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pike</ets> point (fr. F. <ets>pique</ets>) + F. <ets>devant</ets> before.]</ety> <def>A pointed beard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pikelet, Pikelin</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw><hw>Pike"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pike"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A light, thin cake or muffin.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Pikeman</h1>
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<hw>Pike"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pikeman</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A soldier armed with a pike.</def>

<i>Knolles.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A miner who works with a pick.</def>

<i>Beaconsfield.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A keeper of a turnpike gate.</def>

<i>T. Hughes.</i>

<h1>Pikestaff</h1>
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<hw>Pike"staff`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The staff, or shaft, of a pike.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A staff with a spike in the lower end, to guard against slipping.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Piketail</h1>
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<hw>Pike"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Pintail</er>, 1.</def>

<h1>Pikrolite</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pik"ro*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Picrolite</er>.</def>

<h1>Pilage</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pi"lage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pelage</er>.</def>

<h1>Pilaster</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pi*las"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pilastre</ets>, It. <ets>pilastro</ets>, LL. <ets>pilastrum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pila</ets> a pillar. See <er>Pillar</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An upright architectural member right-angled in plan, constructionally a pier (See <er>Pier</er>, 1 <sd>(b)</sd>), but architecturally corresponding to a column, having capital, shaft, and base to agree with those of the columns of the same order. In most cases the projection from the wall is one third of its width, or less.</def>

<h1>Pilastered</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pi*las"tered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with pilasters.</def>

<h1>Pilau</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pi*lau"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pillau</er>.</def>

<h1>Pilch</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pilch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>pylce</ets>, <ets>pylece</ets>, LL. <ets>pellicia</ets>. See <er>Pelisse</er>, and <er>Pelt</er> skin.]</ety> <def>A gown or case of skin, or one trimmed or lined with fur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pilchard</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pil"chard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>pilseir</ets>, W. <ets>pilcod</ets> minnows.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European food fish (<spn>Clupea pilchardus</spn>) resembling the herring, but thicker and rounder. It is sometimes taken in great numbers on the coast of England.</def>

<blockquote>Fools are as like husbands as <b>pilchards</b> are to herrings.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pilcher</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pilch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pilch</er>.]</ety> <def>A scabbard, as of a sword.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pilcher</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pilch"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pilchard.</def>

<h1>Pilcrow</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pil"crow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A corruption of <er>Paragraph</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>a paragraph mark, &para;.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Pile</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pilus</ets> hair. Cf. <er>Peruke</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hair; hence, the fiber of wool, cotton, and the like; also, the nap when thick or heavy, as of carpeting and velvet.</def>

<blockquote>Velvet soft, or plush with shaggy <b>pile</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A covering of hair or fur.</def>

<h1>Pile</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pile</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pilum</ets> javelin. See <er>Pile</er> a stake.]</ety> <def>The head of an arrow or spear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Pile</h1>
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<hw>Pile</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>p\'c6l</ets> arrow, stake, L. <ets>pilum</ets> javelin; but cf. also L. <ets>pila</ets> pillar.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large stake, or piece of timber, pointed and driven into the earth, as at the bottom of a river, or in a harbor where the ground is soft, for the support of a building, a pier, or other superstructure, or to form a cofferdam, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; Tubular iron piles are now much used.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pile</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>One of the ordinaries or subordinaries having the form of a wedge, usually placed palewise, with the broadest end uppermost.</def>

<cs><col>Pile bridge</col>, <cd>a bridge of which the roadway is supported on piles.</cd> -- <col>Pile cap</col>, <cd>a beam resting upon and connecting the heads of piles.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Pile driver</col>, &or; <col>Pile engine</col></mcol>, <cd>an apparatus for driving down piles, consisting usually of a high frame, with suitable appliances for raising to a height (by animal or steam power, the explosion of gunpowder, etc.) a heavy mass of iron, which falls upon the pile.</cd> -- <col>Pile dwelling</col>. <cd>See <cref>Lake dwelling</cref>, under <er>Lake</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pile plank</col> <fld>(Hydraul. Eng.)</fld>, <cd>a thick plank used as a pile in sheet piling. See <cref>Sheet piling</cref>, under <er>Piling</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pneumatic pile</col>. <cd>See under <er>Pneumatic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Screw pile</col>, <cd>one with a screw at the lower end, and sunk by rotation aided by pressure.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pile</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pile</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To drive piles into; to fill with piles; to strengthen with piles.</def>

<cs><col>To sheet-pile</col>, <cd>to make sheet piling in or around. See <cref>Sheet piling</cref>, under 2nd <er>Piling</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pile</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pile</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pile</ets>, L. <ets>pila</ets> a pillar, a pier or mole of stone. Cf. <er>Pillar</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mass of things heaped together; a heap; <as>as, a <ex>pile</ex> of stones; a <ex>pile</ex> of wood.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mass formed in layers; <as>as, a <ex>pile</ex> of shot</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A funeral pile; a pyre.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A large building, or mass of buildings.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>pile</b> o'erlooked the town and drew the fight.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Iron Manuf.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Fagot</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A vertical series of alternate disks of two dissimilar metals, as copper and zinc, laid up with disks of cloth or paper moistened with acid water between them, for producing a current of electricity; -- commonly called <altname>Volta's pile</altname>, <altname>voltaic pile</altname>, or <altname>galvanic pile</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is sometimes applied to other forms of apparatus designed to produce a current of electricity, or as synonymous with <i>battery</i>; as, for instance, to an apparatus for generating a current of electricity by the action of heat, usually called a <i>thermopile</i>.</note>

<p><b>7.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>pile</ets> pile, an engraved die, L. <ets>pila</ets> a pillar.]</ety> <def>The reverse of a coin. See <er>Reverse</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Cross and pile</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cross</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dry pile</col>. <cd>See under <er>Dry</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pile</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pile</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Piled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Piling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay or throw into a pile or heap; to heap up; to collect into a mass; to accumulate; to amass; -- often with <i>up</i>; <as>as, to <ex>pile</ex> up wood</as>.</def> "Hills <i>piled</i> on hills." <i>Dryden</i>. "Life <i>piled</i> on life." <i>Tennyson</i>.

<blockquote>The labor of an age in <b>piled</b> stones.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover with heaps; or in great abundance; to fill or overfill; to load.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To pile arms</col> &or; <col>muskets</col></mcol> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to place three guns together so that they may stand upright, supporting each other; to stack arms.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pileate, Pileated</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw><hw>Pi"le*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pi"le*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pileatus</ets>, fr. <ets>pileus</ets> a felt cap or hat.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the form of a cap for the head.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a crest covering the pileus, or whole top of the head.</def>

<cs><col>Pileated woodpecker</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large American woodpecker (<spn>Ceophloeus pileatus</spn>). It is black, with a bright red pointed crest. Called also <altname>logcock</altname>, and <altname>woodcock</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Piled</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Piled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 2d <er>Pile</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a pile or point; pointed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Magus threw a spear well <i>piled</i>."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Piled</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Piled</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 1d <er>Pile</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a pile or nap.</def> "Three-<i>piled</i> velvet."

<i>L. Barry (1611).</i>

<h1>Piled</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Piled</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 6d <er>Pile</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Iron Manuf.)</fld> <def>Formed from a pile or fagot; <as>as, <ex>piled</ex> iron</as>.</def>

<h1>Pileiform</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pi*le"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pileus</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a pileus or cap; pileate.</def>

<h1>Pilement</h1>
<Xpage=1085>

<hw>Pile"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pile</er> to lay into a heap.]</ety> <def>An accumulation; a heap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<hr>
<page="1086">
Page 1086<p>

<h1>Pilentum</h1>
<Xpage=1086>

<hw>Pi*len"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pilenta</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An easy chariot or carriage, used by Roman ladies, and in which the vessels, etc., for sacred rites were carried.</def>

<h1>Pileorhiza</h1>
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<hw>Pi`le*o*rhi"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pilorhiz\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a cap + <?/ root.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A cap of cells which covers the growing extremity of a root; a rootcap.</def>

<h1>Pileous</h1>
<Xpage=1086>

<hw>Pi"le*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pilous</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of, or covered with, hair; hairy; pilose.</def>

<h1>Piler</h1>
<Xpage=1086>

<hw>Pil"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who places things in a pile.</def>

<h1>Piles</h1>
<Xpage=1086>

<hw>Piles</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pila</ets> a ball. Cf. <er>Pill</er> a medicine.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The small, troublesome tumors or swellings about the anus and lower part of the rectum which are technically called <altname>hemorrhoids</altname>. See <er>Hemorrhoids</er>. <note>[The singular <singw><it>pile</it></singw> is sometimes used.]</note></def>

<cs><col>Blind piles</col>, <cd>hemorrhoids which do not bleed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pileus</h1>
<Xpage=1086>

<hw>Pi"le*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pilei</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a felt cap.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A kind of skull cap of felt.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The expanded upper portion of many of the fungi. See <er>Mushroom</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The top of the head of a bird, from the bill to the nape.</def>

<h1>Pileworm</h1>
<Xpage=1086>

<hw>Pile"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The teredo.</def>

<h1>Pile-worn</h1>
<Xpage=1086>

<hw>Pile"-worn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the pile worn off; threadbare.</def>

<h1>Pilewort</h1>
<Xpage=1086>

<hw>Pile"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Ranunculus Ficaria</spn> of Linn\'91us) whose tuberous roots have been used in poultices as a specific for the piles.</def>

<i>Forsyth.</i>

<h1>Pilfer</h1>
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<hw>Pil"fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pilfered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pilfering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>pelfrer</ets>. See <er>Pelf</er>.]</ety> <def>To steal in small quantities, or articles of small value; to practice petty theft.</def>

<h1>Pilfer</h1>
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<hw>Pil"fer</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To take by petty theft; to filch; to steal little by little.</def>

<blockquote>And not a year but <b>pilfers</b> as he goes
Some youthful grace that age would gladly keep.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pilferer</h1>
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<hw>Pil"fer*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pilfers; a petty thief.</def>

<h1>Pilfering</h1>
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<hw>Pil"fer*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Thieving in a small way.</def> <i>Shak.</i> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Petty theft.</def></def2> -- <wordforms><wf>Pil"fer*ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pilfery</h1>
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<hw>Pil"fer*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Petty theft.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. North.</i>

<h1>Pilgarlic</h1>
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<hw>Pil*gar"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>One who has lost his hair by disease; a sneaking fellow, or one who is hardly used.</def>

<h1>Pilgrim</h1>
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<hw>Pil"grim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pilgrim</ets>, <ets>pelgrim</ets>, <ets>pilegrim</ets>, <ets>pelegrim</ets>; cf. D. <ets>pelgrim</ets>, OHG. <ets>piligr\'c6m</ets>, G. <ets>pilger</ets>, F. <ets>p\'8alerin</ets>, It. <ets>pellegrino</ets>; all fr. L. <ets>peregrinus</ets> a foreigner, fr. <ets>pereger</ets> abroad; <ets>per</ets> through + <ets>ager</ets> land, field. See <er>Per-</er>, and <er>Acre</er>, and cf. <er>Pelerine</er>, <er>Peregrine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wayfarer; a wanderer; a traveler; a stranger.</def>

<blockquote>Strangers and <b>pilgrims</b> on the earth.
<i>Heb. xi. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who travels far, or in strange lands, to visit some holy place or shrine as a devotee; <as>as, a <ex>pilgrim</ex> to Loretto; Canterbury <ex>pilgrims</ex></as>. See <er>Palmer</er>.</def>

<i>P. Plowman.</i>

<h1>Pilgrim</h1>
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<hw>Pil"grim</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a pilgrim, or pilgrims; making pilgrimages.</def> "With <i>pilgrim</i> steps."

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>Pilgrim fathers</col>, <cd>a name popularly given to the one hundred and two English colonists who landed from the Mayflower and made the first settlement in New England at Plymouth in 1620. They were separatists from the Church of England, and most of them had sojourned in Holland.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pilgrim</h1>
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<hw>Pil"grim</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To journey; to wander; to ramble.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Grew. Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Pilgrimage</h1>
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<hw>Pil"grim*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pilgrimage</ets>, <ets>pelgrinage</ets>; cf. F. <ets>p\'8alerinage</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The journey of a pilgrim; a long journey; especially, a journey to a shrine or other sacred place. Fig., the journey of human life.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The days of the years of my <b>pilgrimage</b>.
<i>Gen. xlvii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tedious and wearisome time.</def>

<blockquote>In prison hast thou spent a <b>pilgrimage</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Journey; tour; excursion. See <er>Journey</er>.</syn>

<h1>Pilgrimize</h1>
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<hw>Pil"grim*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To wander as a pilgrim; to go on a pilgrimage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Pilidium</h1>
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<hw>Pi*lid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pildia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/ a cap.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The free-swimming, hat-shaped larva of certain nemertean worms. It has no resemblance to its parent, and the young worm develops in its interior.</def>

<h1>Pilifera</h1>
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<hw>Pi*lif"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Piliferous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Mammalia</er>.</def>

<h1>Piliferous</h1>
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<hw>Pi*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pilus</ets> hair + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pilif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bearing a single slender bristle, or hair.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Beset with hairs.</def>

<h1>Piliform</h1>
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<hw>Pil"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pilus</ets> hair + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resembling hairs or down.</def>

<h1>Piligerous</h1>
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<hw>Pi*lig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pilus</ets> hair + <ets>-gerous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pilig\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing hair; covered with hair or down; piliferous.</def>

<h1>Piling</h1>
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<hw>Pil"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pile</er> a heap.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of heaping up.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Iron Manuf.)</fld> <def>The process of building up, heating, and working, fagots, or piles, to form bars, etc.</def>

<h1>Piling</h1>
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<hw>Pil"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pile</er> a stake.]</ety> <def>A series of piles; piles considered collectively; <as>as, the <ex>piling</ex> of a bridge</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Pug piling</col>, <cd>sheet piles connected together at the edges by dovetailed tongues and grooves.</cd> -- <col>Sheet piling</col>, <cd>a series of piles made of planks or half logs driven edge to edge, -- used to form the walls of cofferdams, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pill</h1>
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<hw>Pill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Peel</er> skin, or <er>Pillion</er>.]</ety> <def>The peel or skin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Some be covered over with crusts, or hard <i>pills</i>, as the locusts."

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Pill</h1>
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<hw>Pill</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be peeled; to peel off in flakes.</def>

<h1>Pill</h1>
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<hw>Pill</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>pilare</ets> to deprive of hair, and E. <ets>pill</ets>, n. (above).]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deprive of hair; to make bald.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To peel; to make by removing the skin.</def>

<blockquote>[Jacob] <b>pilled</b> white streaks . . . in the rods.
<i>Gen. xxx. 37.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pill</h1>
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<hw>Pill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pilled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pilling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>piller</ets>, L. <ets>pilare</ets>; cf. It. <ets>pigliare</ets> to take. Cf. <er>Peel</er> to plunder.]</ety> <def>To rob; to plunder; to pillage; to peel. See <er>Peel</er>, to plunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Pillers and robbers were come in to the field to <b>pill</b> and to rob.
<i>Sir T. Malroy.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pill</h1>
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<hw>Pill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pilute</ets>, L. <ets>pilula</ets> a pill, little ball, dim. of L. <ets>pila</ets> a ball. Cf. <er>Piles</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A medicine in the form of a little ball, or small round mass, to be swallowed whole.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Figuratively, something offensive or nauseous which must be accepted or endured.</def><-- esp., as bitter pill -->

<i>Udall.</i>

<cs><col>Pill beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any small beetle of the genus <spn>Byrrhus</spn>, having a rounded body, with the head concealed beneath the thorax.</cd> -- <col>Pill bug</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any terrestrial isopod of the genus <spn>Armadillo</spn>, having the habit of rolling itself into a ball when disturbed. Called also <altname>pill wood louse</altname>.</cd></cs><-- poison pill Fig., anything accompanying a desirable object or action, which makes it deleterious to him who accepts it; esp. (Finance) a provision in the regulations or financial structure (as indebtedness) of a company which makes the company undesirable as a target for a hostile takeover -->

<h1>Pillage</h1>
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<hw>Pil"lage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>piller</ets> to plunder. See <er>Pill</er> to plunder.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of pillaging; robbery.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is taken from another or others by open force, particularly and chiefly from enemies in war; plunder; spoil; booty.</def>

<blockquote>Which <b>pillage</b> they with merry march bring home.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Plunder; rapine; spoil; depredation.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Pillage</er>, <er>Plunder</er>. <i>Pillage</i> refers particularly to the act of stripping the sufferers of their goods, while <i>plunder</i> refers to the removal of the things thus taken; but the words are freely interchanged.</usage>

<h1>Pillage</h1>
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<hw>Pil"lage</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pillaged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pillaging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To strip of money or goods by open violence; to plunder; to spoil; to lay waste; <as>as, to <ex>pillage</ex> the camp of an enemy</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Mummius . . . took, <b>pillaged</b>, and burnt their city.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pillage</h1>
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<hw>Pil"lage</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take spoil; to plunder; to ravage.</def>

<blockquote>They were suffered to <b>pillage</b> wherever they went.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pillager</h1>
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<hw>Pil"la*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pillages.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Pillar</h1>
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<hw>Pil"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>piler</ets>F. <ets>pilier</ets>, LL. <ets>pilare</ets>, <ets>pilarium</ets>, <ets>pilarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pila</ets> a pillar. See <er>Pile</er> a heap.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The general and popular term for a firm, upright, insulated support for a superstructure; a pier, column, or post; also, a column or shaft not supporting a superstructure, as one erected for a monument or an ornament.</def>

<blockquote>Jacob set a <b>pillar</b> upon her grave.
<i>Gen. xxxv. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The place . . . vast and proud,
Supported by a hundred <b>pillars</b> stood.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Figuratively, that which resembles such a pillar in appearance, character, or office; a supporter or mainstay; <as>as, the <ex>Pillars</ex> of Hercules; a <ex>pillar</ex> of the state.</as></def> "You are a well-deserving <i>pillar</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>By day a cloud, by night a <b>pillar</b> of fire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A portable ornamental column, formerly carried before a cardinal, as emblematic of his support to the church.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>The center of the volta, ring, or manege ground, around which a horse turns.</def>

<cs><col>From pillar to post</col>, <cd>hither and thither; to and fro; from one place or predicament to another; backward and forward.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Pillar saint</col>. <cd>See <er>Stylite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pillars of the fauces</col>. <cd>See <er>Fauces</er>, 1.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pillar</h1>
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<hw>Pil"lar</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>Having a support in the form of a pillar, instead of legs; <as>as, a <ex>pillar</ex> drill</as>.</def>

<h1>Pillar-block</h1>
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<hw>Pil"lar-block`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See under <er>Pillow</er>.</def>

<h1>Pillared</h1>
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<hw>Pil"lared</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Supported or ornamented by pillars; resembling a pillar, or pillars.</def> "The <i>pillared</i> arches." <i>Sir W. Scott</i>. "<i>Pillared</i> flame." <i>Thomson</i>.

<h1>Pillaret</h1>
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<hw>Pil"lar*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little pillar.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Pillarist</h1>
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<hw>Pil"lar*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>See <er>Stylite</er>.</def>

<h1>Pillau</h1>
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<hw>Pil*lau"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. & Turk. <ets>pilau</ets>.]</ety> <def>An Oriental dish consisting of rice boiled with mutton, fat, or butter.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pilau</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pilled</h1>
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<hw>Pilled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 3rd <er>Pill</er>.]</ety> <def>Stripped of hair; scant of hair; bald.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Pilled</i> beard."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pilled-garlic</h1>
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<hw>Pilled"-gar"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pilgarlic</er>.</def>

<h1>Piller</h1>
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<hw>Pill"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pills or plunders.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pillery</h1>
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<hw>Pill"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pilleries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Plunder; pillage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Pillion</h1>
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<hw>Pil"lion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. <ets>pillin</ets>, <ets>pilliun</ets> (akin to Gael. <ets>pillean</ets>, <ets>pillin</ets>), fr. Ir. & Gael. <ets>pill</ets>, <ets>peall</ets>, a skin or hide, prob. fr. L. <ets>pellis</ets>. See <er>Pell</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Fell</er> skin.]</ety> <def>A panel or cushion saddle; the under pad or cushion of saddle; esp., a pad or cushion put on behind a man's saddle, on which a woman may ride.</def>

<blockquote>His [a soldier's] shank <b>pillion</b> without stirrups.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pillorize</h1>
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<hw>Pil"lo*rize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To set in, or punish with, the pillory; to pillory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pillory</h1>
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<hw>Pil"lo*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pillories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>pilori</ets>; cf. Pr. <ets>espitlori</ets>, LL. <ets>piloricum</ets>, <ets>pilloricum</ets>, <ets>pellericum</ets>, <ets>pellorium</ets>, <ets>pilorium</ets>, <ets>spilorium</ets>; perhaps from a derivative of L. <ets>speculari</ets> to look around, observe. Cf. <er>Speculate</er>.]</ety> <def>A frame of adjustable boards erected on a post, and having holes through which the head and hands of an offender were thrust so as to be exposed in front of it.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pillory</h1>
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<hw>Pil"lo*ry</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pilloried</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pillorying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pilorier</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set in, or punish with, the pillory.</def> "Hungering for Puritans to <i>pillory</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Figuratively, to expose to public scorn.</def>

<i>Gladstone.</i>

<h1>Pillow</h1>
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<hw>Pil"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pilwe</ets>, AS. <ets>pyle</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pilvinus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything used to support the head of a person when reposing; especially, a sack or case filled with feathers, down, hair, or other soft material.</def>

<blockquote>[Resty sloth] finds the down <b>pillow</b> hard.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A piece of metal or wood, forming a support to equalize pressure; a brass; a pillow block.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A block under the inner end of a bowsprit.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A kind of plain, coarse fustian.</def>

<cs><col>Lace pillow</col>, <cd>a cushion used in making hand-wrought lace.</cd> -- <col>Pillow bier</col> <ety>[OE. <ets>pilwebere<ets>; cf. LG. <ets>b\'81re<ets> a pillowcase]</ety>, <cd>a pillowcase; pillow slip. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>Pillow block</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a block, or standard, for supporting a journal, as of a shaft. It is usually bolted to the frame or foundation of a machine, and is often furnished with journal boxes, and a movable cover, or cap, for tightening the bearings by means of bolts; -- called also <altname>pillar block</altname>, or <altname>plumber block</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Pillow lace</col>, <cd>handmade lace wrought with bobbins upon a lace pillow.</cd> -- <col>Pillow of a plow</col>, <cd>a crosspiece of wood which serves to raise or lower the beam.</cd> -- <col>Pillow sham</col>, <cd>an ornamental covering laid over a pillow when not in use.</cd> -- <col>Pillow slip</col>, <cd>a pillowcase.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pillow</h1>
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<hw>Pil"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pillowed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pillowing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To rest or lay upon, or as upon, a pillow; to support; <as>as, to <ex>pillow</ex> the head</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Pillows</b> his chin upon an orient wave.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pillowcase</h1>
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<hw>Pil"low*case`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A removable case or covering for a pillow, usually of white linen or cotton cloth.</def>

<h1>Pillowed</h1>
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<hw>Pil"lowed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Provided with a pillow or pillows; having the head resting on, or as on, a pillow.</def>

<blockquote><b>Pillowed</b>on buckler cold and hard.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pillowy</h1>
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<hw>Pil"low*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a pillow.</def>

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Pill-willet</h1>
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<hw>Pill"-wil`let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So named from its note.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The willet.</def>

<h1>Pillworm</h1>
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<hw>Pill"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any myriapod of the genus <spn>Iulus</spn> and allied genera which rolls up spirally; a galleyworm. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Myriapod</er>.</def>

<h1>Pillwort</h1>
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<hw>Pill"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the genus <spn>Pilularia</spn>; minute aquatic cryptograms, with small pill-shaped fruit; -- sometimes called <altname>peppergrass</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pilocarpine</h1>
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<hw>Pi`lo*car"pine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From NL. <ets>Pilocarpus pennatifolius</ets> jaborandi; L. <ets>pilus</ets> hair + Gr. <?/ fruit: cf. F. <ets>pilocarpine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid extracted from jaborandi (<spn>Pilocarpus pennatifolius</spn>) as a white amorphous or crystalline substance which has a peculiar effect on the vasomotor system.</def>

<h1>Pilose</h1>
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<hw>Pi*lose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pilosus</ets>, fr. <ets>pilus</ets> hair. See <er>Pile</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hairy; full of, or made of, hair.</def>

<blockquote>The heat-retaining property of the <b>pilose</b> covering.
<i>Owen.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Clothed thickly with pile or soft down.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Covered with long, slender hairs; resembling long hairs; hairy; <as>as, <ex>pilose</ex> pubescence</as>.</def>

<h1>Pilosity</h1>
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<hw>Pi*los"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pilosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being pilose; hairiness.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Pilot</h1>
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<hw>Pi"lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pilote</ets>, prob. from D. <ets>peillood</ets> plummet, sounding lead; <ets>peilen</ets>, <ets>pegelen</ets>, to sound, measure (fr. D. & G. <ets>peil</ets>, <ets>pegel</ets>, a sort of measure, water mark) + <ets>lood</ets> lead, akin to E. <ets>lead</ets>. The pilot, then, is the <ets>lead</ets> man, i.e., he who throws the lead. See <er>Pail</er>, and <er>Lead</er> a metal.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One employed to steer a vessel; a helmsman; a steersman.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, a person duly qualified, and licensed by authority, to conduct vessels into and out of a port, or in certain waters, for a fixed rate of fees.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Figuratively: A guide; a director of another through a difficult or unknown course.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An instrument for detecting the compass error.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The cowcatcher of a locomotive.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Pilot balloon</col>, <cd>a small balloon sent up in advance of a large one, to show the direction and force of the wind.</cd> -- <col>Pilot bird</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A bird found near the Caribbee Islands; -- so called because its presence indicates to mariners their approach to these islands.</cd> <i>Crabb</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The black-bellied plover.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Pilot boat</col></mcol>, <cd>a strong, fast-sailing boat used to carry and receive pilots as they board and leave vessels.</cd> -- <col>Pilot bread</col>, <cd>ship biscuit.</cd> -- <col>Pilot cloth</col>, <cd>a coarse, stout kind of cloth for overcoats.</cd> -- <col>Pilot engine</col>, <cd>a locomotive going in advance of a train to make sure that the way is clear.</cd> -- <col>Pilot fish</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A pelagic carangoid fish (<spn>Naucrates ductor</spn>); -- so named because it is often seen in company with a shark, swimming near a ship, on account of which sailors imagine that it acts as a pilot to the shark</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The rudder fish (<spn>Seriola zonata</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Pilot jack</col>, <cd>a flag or signal hoisted by a vessel for a pilot.</cd> -- <col>Pilot jacket</col>, <cd>a pea jacket.</cd> -- <col>Pilot nut</col> <fld>(Bridge Building)</fld>, <cd>a conical nut applied temporarily to the threaded end of a pin, to protect the thread and guide the pin when it is driven into a hole. <i>Waddell</i>.</cd> -- <col>Pilot snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A large North American snake (<spn>Coluber obsoleus</spn>). It is lustrous black, with white edges to some of the scales. Called also <altname>mountain black snake</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The pine snake.</cd> -- <col>Pilot whale</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Blackfish</er>, 1.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pilot</h1>
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<hw>Pi"lot</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Piloted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Piloting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>piloter</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To direct the course of, as of a ship, where navigation is dangerous.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Figuratively: To guide, as through dangers or difficulties.</def> "The art of <i>piloting</i> a state."

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<-- to operate (an airlane) -->

<h1>Pilotage</h1>
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<hw>Pi"lot*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pilotage</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The pilot's skill or knowledge, as of coasts, rocks, bars, and channels.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The compensation made or allowed to a pilot.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Guidance, as by a pilot.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Pilotism, Pilotry</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pi"lot*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pi"lot*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pilotage; skill in the duties of a pilot.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="1087">
Page 1087<p>

<h1>Pilour</h1>
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<hw>Pil"our</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A piller; a plunderer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pilous</h1>
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<hw>Pil"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Pilose</er>.</def>

<h1>Pilser</h1>
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<hw>Pil"ser</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An insect that flies into a flame.</def>

<h1>Pilular</h1>
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<hw>Pil"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to pills; resembling a pill or pills; <as>as, a <ex>pilular</ex> mass</as>.</def>

<h1>Pilulous</h1>
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<hw>Pil"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pilula</ets> a pill. See <er>Pill</er>.]</ety> <def>Like a pill; small; insignificant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Pilwe</h1>
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<hw>Pil"we</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pillow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pily</h1>
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<hw>Pi"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like pile or wool.</def>

<h1>Pimaric</h1>
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<hw>Pi*mar"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>pi</ets>num <ets>mar</ets>itima, an old name for <ets>P</ets>. <ets>Pinaster</ets>, a pine which yields galipot.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in galipot, and isomeric with abietic acid.</def>

<h1>Pimelic</h1>
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<hw>Pi*mel"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fat.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a substance obtained from certain fatty substances, and subsequently shown to be a mixture of suberic and adipic acids.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Designating the acid proper (<chform>C5H10(CO2/H)2</chform>) which is obtained from camphoric acid.</def>

<h1>Pimelite</h1>
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<hw>Pim"e*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fat.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An apple-green mineral having a greasy feel. It is a hydrous silicate of nickel, magnesia, aluminia, and iron.</def>

<h1>Piment</h1>
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<hw>Pi"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Pimento</er>.]</ety> <def>Wine flavored with spice or honey. See <er>Pigment</er>, 3.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pimenta</h1>
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<hw>Pi*men"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pimento</er>.</def>

<h1>Pimento</h1>
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<hw>Pi*men"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>pimiento</ets>, <ets>pimienta</ets>; cf. Pg. <ets>pimenta</ets>, F. <ets>piment</ets>; all fr. L. <ets>pigmentum</ets> a paint, pigment, the juice of plants; hence, something spicy and aromatic. See <er>Pigment</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Allspice; -- applied both to the tree and its fruit. See <er>Allspice</er>.</def>

<h1>Pimlico</h1>
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<hw>Pim"li*co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The friar bird.</def>

<h1>Pimp</h1>
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<hw>Pimp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pimpant</ets> smart, sparkish; perh. akin to <ets>piper</ets> to pipe, formerly also, to excel. Cf. <er>Pipe</er>.]</ety> <def>One who provides gratification for the lust of others; a procurer; a pander.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Pimp</h1>
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<hw>Pimp</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pimped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pimping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To procure women for the gratification of others' lusts; to pander.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Pimpernel</h1>
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<hw>Pim"per*nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pimprenelle</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>pimpinela</ets>, It. <ets>pimpinella</ets>; perh. from LL. <ets>bipinnella</ets>, for <ets>bipinnula</ets> two-winged, equiv. to L. <ets>bipennis</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>penna</ets> feather, wing. Cf. <er>Pen</er> a feather.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Anagallis</spn>, of which one species (<spn>A. arvensis</spn>) has small flowers, usually scarlet, but sometimes purple, blue, or white, which speedily close at the approach of bad weather.</def>

<cs><col>Water pimpernel</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Brookweed</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pimpillo</h1>
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<hw>Pim"pil*lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A West Indian name for the prickly pear (<spn>Opuntia</spn>); -- called also <altname>pimploes</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pimpinel</h1>
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<hw>Pim"pi*nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pimpernel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The burnet saxifrage. See under <er>Saxifrage</er>.</def>

<h1>Pimping</h1>
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<hw>Pimp"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>pimpelig</ets>, <ets>pimpelnd</ets>, sickly, weak.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Little; petty; pitiful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Crabbe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Puny; sickly.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Pimple</h1>
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<hw>Pim"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>p\'c6pelian</ets> to blister; cf. L. <ets>papula</ets> pimple.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any small acuminated elevation of the cuticle, whether going on to suppuration or not.</def> "All eyes can see a <i>pimple</i> on her nose."

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: A swelling or protuberance like a pimple.</def> "A <i>pimple</i> that portends a future sprout."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Pimpled</h1>
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<hw>Pim"pled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having pimples.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Pimply</h1>
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<hw>Pim"ply</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pimpled.</def>

<h1>Pimpship</h1>
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<hw>Pimp"ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office, occupation, or persom of a pimp.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pin</h1>
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<hw>Pin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Metal Working)</fld> <def>To peen.</def>

<h1>Pin</h1>
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<hw>Pin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Pen</er> to confine, or <er>Pinfold</er>.]</ety> <def>To inclose; to confine; to pen; to pound.</def>

<h1>Pin</h1>
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<hw>Pin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pinne</ets>, AS. <ets>pinn</ets> a pin, peg; cf. D. <ets>pin</ets>, G. <ets>pinne</ets>, Icel. <ets>pinni</ets>, W. <ets>pin</ets>, Gael. & Ir. <ets>pinne</ets>; all fr. L. <ets>pinna</ets> a pinnacle, pin, feather, perhaps orig. a different word from <ets>pinna</ets> feather. Cf. <er>Fin</er> of a fish, <er>Pen</er> a feather.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of wood, metal, etc., generally cylindrical, used for fastening separate articles together, or as a support by which one article may be suspended from another; a peg; a bolt.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>pins</b> of adamant
And chains they made all fast.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Especially, a small, pointed and headed piece of brass or other wire (commonly tinned), largely used for fastening clothes, attaching papers, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, a thing of small value; a trifle.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . did not care a <b>pin</b> for her.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which resembles a pin in its form or use</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A peg in musical instruments, for increasing or relaxing the tension of the strings</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A linchpin</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A rolling-pin</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A clothespin</def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A short shaft, sometimes forming a bolt, a part of which serves as a journal</def>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <cref>Knuckle joint</cref>, under <er>Knuckle</er>. <sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Joinery)</fld> <def>The tenon of a dovetail joint.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>One of a row of pegs in the side of an ancient drinking cup to mark how much each man should drink.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The bull's eye, or center, of a target; hence, the center.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The very <i>pin</i> of his heart cleft."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Mood; humor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "In merry <i>pin</i>."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Caligo. See <er>Caligo</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>An ornament, as a brooch or badge, fastened to the clothing by a pin; <as>as, a Masonic <ex>pin</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>The leg; <as>as, to knock one off his <ex>pins</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<cs><col>Banking pin</col> <fld>(Horol.)</fld>, <cd>a pin against which a lever strikes, to limit its motion.</cd> -- <col>Pin drill</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a drill with a central pin or projection to enter a hole, for enlarging the hole, or for sinking a recess for the head of a bolt, etc.; a counterbore.</cd> -- <col>Pin grass</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Alfilaria</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pin hole</col>, <cd>a small hole made by a pin; hence, any very small aperture or perforation.</cd> -- <col>Pin lock</col>, <cd>a lock having a cylindrical bolt; a lock in which pins, arranged by the key, are used instead of tumblers.</cd> -- <col>Pin money</col>, <cd>an allowance of money, as that made by a husband to his wife, for private and personal expenditure.</cd> -- <col>Pin rail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a rail, usually within the bulwarks, to hold belaying pins. Sometimes applied to the <altname>fife rail</altname>. Called also <altname>pin rack</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Pin wheel</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A contrate wheel in which the cogs are cylindrical pins</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Fireworks)</fld> <cd>A small coil which revolves on a common pin and makes a wheel of yellow or colored fire.</cd></cs>
<-- a toy with lightweight, usually brightly colored vanes, as of plastic, which revolve on a pin at the end of a stick, when acted on by a wind  -->

<h1>Pin</h1>
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<hw>Pin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pinned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pinning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Pin</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To fasten with, or as with, a pin; to join; <as>as, to <ex>pin</ex> a garment; to <ex>pin</ex> boards together.</as></def> "Aa if she would <i>pin</i> her to her heart.</def>"

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>To pin one's faith upon</col>, <cd>to depend upon; to trust to.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pi\'a4a cloth</h1>
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<hw>Pi"\'a4a cloth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A fine material for ladies' shawls, scarfs, handkerchiefs, etc., made from the fiber of the pineapple leaf, and perhaps from other fibrous tropical leaves. It is delicate, soft, and transparent, with a slight tinge of pale yellow.</def>

<h1>Pinacoid</h1>
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<hw>Pin"a*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a tablet + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A plane parallel to two of the crystalline axes.</def>

<h1>Pinacolin</h1>
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<hw>Pi*nac"o*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pinac</ets>one + L. <ets>ol</ets>eum oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless oily liquid related to the ketones, and obtained by the decomposition of pinacone; hence, by extension, any one of the series of which pinacolin proper is the type.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pinacoline</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pinacone</h1>
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<hw>Pin"a*cone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/, <?/, a tablet. So called because it unites with water so as to form tablet-shaped crystals.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline substance related to the glycols, and made from acetone; hence, by extension, any one of a series of substances of which pinacone proper is the type.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pinakone</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pinacotheca</h1>
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<hw>Pin`a*co*the"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pinacotheca</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, a picture + <?/ repisitory.]</ety> <def>A picture gallery.</def>

<h1>Pinafore</h1>
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<hw>Pin"a*fore`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pin</ets> + <ets>afore</ets>.]</ety> <def>An apron for a child to protect the front part of dress; a tier.</def>

<h1>Pinakothek</h1>
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<hw>Pin"a*ko*thek`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <def>Pinacotheca.</def>

<h1>Pinaster</h1>
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<hw>Pi*nas"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>pinus</ets> a pine.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of pine (<spn>Pinus Pinaster</spn>) growing in Southern Europe.</def>

<h1>Pinax</h1>
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<hw>Pi"nax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pinaces</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ tablet.]</ety> <def>A tablet; a register; hence, a list or scheme inscribed on a tablet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Pince-nez</h1>
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<hw>Pince`-nez"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pincer</ets> to pinch + <ets>nez</ets> nose.]</ety> <def>Eyeglasses kept on the nose by a spring.</def>

<h1>Pincers</h1>
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<hw>Pin"cers</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pince</ets> pinchers, fr. <ets>pincer</ets> to pinch. See <er>Pinch</er>, <er>Pinchers</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Pinchers</er>.</def>

<h1>Pinch</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pinch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pinched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pinching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>pincer</ets>, probably fr. OD. <ets>pitsen</ets> to pinch; akin to G. <ets>pfetzen</ets> to cut, pinch; perhaps of Celtic origin. Cf. <er>Piece</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To press hard or squeeze between the ends of the fingers, between teeth or claws, or between the jaws of an instrument; to squeeze or compress, as between any two hard bodies.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>o seize; to grip; to bite; -- said of animals.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He [the hound] <b>pinched</b> and pulled her down.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To plait.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Full seemly her wimple <b>ipinched</b> was.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Figuratively: To cramp; to straiten; to oppress; to starve; to distress; <as>as, to be <ex>pinched</ex> for money</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Want of room . . . <b>pinching</b> a whole nation.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To move, as a railroad car, by prying the wheels with a pinch. See <er>Pinch</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<h1>Pinch</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pinch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To act with pressing force; to compress; to squeeze; <as>as, the shoe <ex>pinches</ex></as>."

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Hunt.)</fld> <def>To take hold; to grip, as a dog does.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To spare; to be niggardly; to be covetous.</def>

<i>Gower.</i>

<blockquote>The wretch whom avarice bids to <b>pinch</b> and spare.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To pinch at</col>, <cd>to find fault with; to take exception to. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pinch</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pinch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A close compression, as with the ends of the fingers, or with an instrument; a nip.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>As much as may be taken between the finger and thumb; any very small quantity; <as>as, a <ex>pinch</ex> of snuff</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pian; pang.</def> "Necessary's sharp <i>pinch</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A lever having a projection at one end, acting as a fulcrum, -- used chiefly to roll heavy wheels, etc. Called also <altname>pinch bar</altname>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>At a pinch</col>, <col>On a pinch</col></mcol>, <cd>in an emergency; <as>as, he could <ex>on a pinch<ex> read a little Latin</as>.</cd><-- in a pinch --></cs>

<h1>Pinchbeck</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pinch"beck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Said to be from the name of the inventor; cf. It. <ets>prencisbecco</ets>.]</ety> <def>An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling gold; a yellow metal, composed of about three ounces of zinc to a pound of copper. It is much used as an imitation of gold in the manufacture of cheap jewelry.</def>

<h1>Pinchbeck</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pinch"beck</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of pinchbeck; sham; cheap; spurious; unreal.</def> "A <i>pinchbeck</i> throne."

<i>J. A. Symonds.</i>

<h1>Pinchcock</h1>
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<hw>Pinch"cock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A clamp on a flexible pipe to regulate the flow of a fluid through the pipe.</def>

<h1>Pinchem</h1>
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<hw>Pin"chem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European blue titmouse.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Pincher</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pinch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, pinches.</def>

<h1>Pinchers</h1>
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<hw>Pinch"ers</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pinch</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument having two handles and two grasping jaws working on a pivot; -- used for griping things to be held fast, drawing nails, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; This spelling is preferable to <i>pincers</i>, both on account of its derivation from the English <i>pinch</i>, and because it represents the common pronunciation.</note>

<h1>Pinchfist</h1>
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<hw>Pinch"fist`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A closefisted person; a miser.</def>

<h1>Pinching</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pinch"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Compressing; nipping; griping; niggardly; <as>as, <ex>pinching</ex> cold; a <ex>pinching</ex> parsimony.</as></def>

<cs><col>Pinching bar</col>, <cd>a pinch bar. See <er>Pinch</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Pinching nut</col>, <cd>a check nut. See under <er>Check</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Pinchingly</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pinch"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pinching way.</def>

<h1>Pinchpenny</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pinch"pen`ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A miserly person.</def>

<h1>Pincoffin</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pin"coff*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Pincoff</ets>, an English manufacturer.]</ety> <def>A commercial preparation of garancin, yielding fine violet tints.</def>

<h1>Pincpinc</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pinc"pinc`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Named from its note.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African wren warbler. (<spn>Drymoica textrix</spn>).</def>

<h1>Pincushion</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pin"cush`ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small cushion, in which pins may be stuck for use.</def>

<h1>Pindal, Pindar</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw><hw>Pin"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pin"dar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>piendel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The peanut (<spn>Arachis hypog\'91a</spn>); -- so called in the West Indies.</def>

<h1>Pindaric</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pin*dar"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Pindaricus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ (L. <ets>Pindarus</ets>) Pindar: cf. F. <ets>pindarique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Pindar, the Greek lyric poet; after the style and manner of Pindar; <as>as, <ex>Pindaric</ex> odes</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A Pindaric ode.</def></def2>

<h1>Pindarical</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pin*dar"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pindaric.</def>

<blockquote>Too extravagant and <b>Pindarical</b> for prose.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pindarism</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pin"dar*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Imitation of Pindar.</def>

<h1>Pindarist</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pin"dar*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who imitates Pindar.</def>

<h1>Pinder</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pin"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>pyndan</ets> to pen up, fr. <ets>pund</ets> a pound.]</ety> <def>One who impounds; a poundkeeper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pine</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>p\'c6n</ets>, L. <ets>poena</ets> penalty. See <er>Pain</er>.]</ety> <def>Woe; torment; pain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Pyne</i> of hell."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pine</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pine</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>p\'c6nan</ets> to torment, fr. <ets>p\'c6n</ets> torment. See 1st <er>Pine</er>, <er>Pain</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To inflict pain upon; to torment; to torture; to afflict.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Shak.</i>

<blockquote>That people that <b>pyned</b> him to death.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>One is <b>pined</b> in prison, another tortured on the rack.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grieve or mourn for.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Pine</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pine</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To suffer; to be afflicted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To languish; to lose flesh or wear away, under any distress or anexiety of mind; to droop; -- often used with <i>away</i>.</def> "The roses wither and the lilies <i>pine</i>."

<i>Tickell.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To languish with desire; to waste away with longing for something; -- usually followed by <i>for</i>.</def>

<blockquote>For whom, and not for Tybalt, Juliet <b>pined</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To languish; droop; flag; wither; decay.</syn>

<h1>Pine</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pine</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>p\'c6n</ets>, L. <ets>pinus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any tree of the coniferous genus <spn>Pinus</spn>. See <er>Pinus</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; There are about twenty-eight species in the United States, of which the <stype>white pine</stype> (<spn>P. Strobus</spn>), the <stype>Georgia pine</stype> (<spn>P. australis</spn>), the <stype>red pine</stype> (<spn>P. resinosa</spn>), and the great West Coast <stype>sugar pine</stype> (<spn>P. Lambertiana</spn>) are among the most valuable. The <stype>Scotch pine</stype> or <stype>fir</stype>, also called <altname>Norway</altname> or <altname>Riga pine</altname> (<spn>Pinus sylvestris</spn>), is the only British species. The <stype>nut pine</stype> is any pine tree, or species of pine, which bears large edible seeds. See <er>Pinon</er>.

    The spruces, firs, larches, and true cedars, though formerly considered pines, are now commonly assigned to other genera.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The wood of the pine tree.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pineapple.</def>

<cs><col>Ground pine</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Ground</er>.</cd> -- <col>Norfolk Island pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful coniferous tree, the <spn>Araucaria excelsa</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Pine barren</col>, <cd>a tract of infertile land which is covered with pines.</cd> <mark>[Southern U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Pine borer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any beetle whose larv\'91 bore into pine trees.</cd> -- <col>Pine finch</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Pinefinch</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Pine grosbeak</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large grosbeak (<spn>Pinicola enucleator</spn>), which inhabits the northern parts of both hemispheres. The adult male is more or less tinged with red.</cd> -- <col>Pine lizard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small, very active, mottled gray lizard (<spn>Sceloporus undulatus</spn>), native of the Middle States; -- called also <altname>swift</altname>, <altname>brown scorpion</altname>, and <altname>alligator</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Pine marten</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A European weasel (<spn>Mustela martes</spn>), called also <altname>sweet marten</altname>, and <altname>yellow-breasted marten</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The American sable. See <er>Sable</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pine moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of small tortricid moths of the genus <spn>Retinia</spn>, whose larv\'91 burrow in the ends of the branchlets of pine trees, often doing great damage.</cd> -- <col>Pine mouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American wild mouse (<spn>Arvicola pinetorum</spn>), native of the Middle States. It lives in pine forests.</cd> -- <col>Pine needle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>one of the slender needle-shaped leaves of a pine tree. See <er>Pinus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pine-needle wool</col>. <cd>See <cref>Pine wool</cref> (below).</cd> -- <col>Pine oil</col>, <cd>an oil resembling turpentine, obtained from fir and pine trees, and used in making varnishes and colors.</cd> -- <col>Pine snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large harmless North American snake (<spn>Pituophis melanoleucus</spn>). It is whitish, covered with brown blotches having black margins. Called also <altname>bull snake</altname>. The Western pine snake (<spn>P. Sayi</spn>) is chestnut-brown, mottled with black and orange.</cd> -- <col>Pine tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree of the genus <spn>Pinus</spn>; pine.</cd> -- <col>Pine-tree money</col>, <cd>money coined in Massachusetts in the seventeenth century, and so called from its bearing a figure of a pine tree.</cd> -- <col>Pine weevil</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of numerous species of weevils whose larv\'91 bore in the wood of pine trees. Several species are known in both Europe and America, belonging to the genera <spn>Pissodes</spn>, <spn>Hylobius</spn>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Pine wool</col>, <cd>a fiber obtained from pine needles by steaming them. It is prepared on a large scale in some of the Southern United States, and has many uses in the economic arts; -- called also <altname>pine-needle wool</altname>, and <altname>pine-wood wool</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pineal</h1>
<Xpage=1087>

<hw>Pi"ne*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pinea</ets> the cone of a pine, from <ets>pineus</ets> of the pine, from <ets>pinus</ets> a pine: cf. F. <ets>pin\'82ale</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a pine cone; resembling a pine cone.</def>

<cs><col>Pineal gland</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a glandlike body in the roof of the third ventricle of the vertebrate brain; -- called also <altname>pineal body</altname>, <altname>epiphysis</altname>, <altname>conarium</altname>. In some animals it is connected with a rudimentary eye, the so-called <i>pineal eye<i>, and in other animals it is supposed to be the remnant of a dorsal median eye.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="1088">
Page 1088<p>

<h1>Pineapple</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pine"ap`ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tropical plant (<spn>Ananassa sativa</spn>); also, its fruit; -- so called from the resemblance of the latter, in shape and external appearance, to the cone of the pine tree. Its origin is unknown, though conjectured to be American.</def>

<h1>Pineaster</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pine`as"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pinaster</er>.</def>

<h1>Pine-clad, Pine-crowned</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw><hw>Pine"-clad`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pine"-crowned`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Clad or crowned with pine trees; <as>as, <ex>pine-clad</ex> hills</as>.</def>

<h1>Pinedrops</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pine"drops`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A reddish herb (<spn>Pterospora andromedea</spn>) of the United States, found parasitic on the roots of pine trees.</def>

<h1>Pinefinch</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pine"finch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small American bird (<spn>Spinus, &or; Chrysomitris, spinus</spn>); -- called also <altname>pine siskin</altname>, and <altname>American siskin</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The pine grosbeak.</def>

<h1>Pinenchyma</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pi*nen"chy*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a tablet + <ets>-enchyma</ets>, as in <ets>parenchyma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Tabular parenchyma, a form of cellular tissue in which the cells are broad and flat, as in some kinds of epidermis.</def>

<h1>Pinery</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pin"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pineries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pine forest; a grove of pines.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hothouse in which pineapples are grown.</def>

<h1>Pinesap</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pine"sap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A reddish fleshy herb of the genus <spn>Monotropa</spn> (<spn>M. hypopitys</spn>), formerly thought to be parasitic on the roots of pine trees, but more probably saprophytic.</def>

<h1>Pinetum</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pi*ne"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a pine grove.]</ety> <def>A plantation of pine trees; esp., a collection of living pine trees made for ornamental or scientific purposes.</def>

<h1>Pineweed</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pine"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A low, bushy, nearly leafless herb (<spn>Hypericum Sarothra</spn>), common in sandy soil in the Eastern United States.</def>

<h1>Piney</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pin"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Piny</er>.</def>

<h1>Piney</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pin"ey</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Of East Indian origin.]</ety> <def>A term used in designating an East Indian tree (the <spn>Vateria Indica</spn> or piney tree, of the order <spn>Dipterocarpe\'91</spn>, which grows in Malabar, etc.) or its products.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Piney dammar</col>, <col>Piney resin</col>, <col>Piney varnish</col></mcol>, <cd>a pellucid, fragrant, acrid, bitter resin, which exudes from the piney tree (<spn>Vateria Indica</spn>) when wounded. It is used as a varnish, in making candles, and as a substitute for incense and for amber. Called also <altname>liquid copal</altname>, and <altname>white dammar</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Piney tallow</col>, <cd>a solid fatty substance, resembling tallow, obtained from the roasted seeds of the <spn>Vateria Indica</spn>; called also <altname>dupada oil</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Piney thistle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Atractylis gummifera</spn>), from the bark of which, when wounded, a gummy substance exudes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pin-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Pin"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the stigma visible at the throad of a gamopetalous corolla, while the stamens are concealed in the tube; -- said of dimorphous flowers. The opposite of <ant>thrum-eyed</ant>.</def>

<h1>Pinfeather</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pin"feath`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A feather not fully developed; esp., a rudimentary feather just emerging through the skin.</def>

<h1>Pinfeathered</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pin"feath`ered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having part, or all, of the feathers imperfectly developed.</def>

<h1>Pinfish</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pin"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from their sharp dorsal spines.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The sailor's choice (<spn>Diplodus, &or; Lagodon, rhomboides</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The salt-water bream (<spn>Diplodus Holbrooki</spn>).</def>

<note>&hand; Both are excellent food fishes, common on the coast of the United States south of Cape Hatteras. The name is also applied to other allied species.</note>

<h1>Pinfold</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pin"fold`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>pindfold</ets>. See <er>Pinder</er>, <er>Pound</er> an inclosure, and <er>Fold</er> an inclosure.]</ety> <def>A place in which stray cattle or domestic animals are confined; a pound; a penfold.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>A parish <b>pinfold</b> begirt by its high hedge.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ping</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Ping</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Probably of imitative origin.]</ety> <def>The sound made by a bullet in striking a solid object or in passing through the air.</def>

<h1>Ping</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Ping</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pinged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pinging</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make the sound called <i>ping</i>.</def>

<h1>Pingle</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pin"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perhaps fr. <ets>pin</ets> to impound.]</ety> <def>A small piece of inclosed ground.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Pingster</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Ping"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pinkster</er>.</def>

<h1>Pinguicula</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pin*guic"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>pinguiculus</ets> somewhat fat, fattish.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Butterwort</er>.</def>

<h1>Pinguid</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pin"guid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pinguis</ets> fat.]</ety> <def>Fat; unctuous; greasy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Some clays are more <i>pinguid</i>."

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Pinguidinous</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pin*guid"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pinguedo</ets> fatness, fr. <ets>pinguis</ets> fat.]</ety> <def>Containing fat; fatty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pinguitude</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pin"gui*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pinguitudo</ets>, from <ets>pinguis</ets> fat.]</ety> <def>Fatness; a growing fat; obesity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pinhold</h1>
<Xpage=1088>

<hw>Pin"hold`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place where a pin is fixed.</def>

<h1>Pinic</h1>
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<hw>Pi"nic</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pinus</ets> pine.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the pine; obtained from the pine; formerly, designating an acid which is the chief constituent of common resin, -- now called <i>abietic</i>, or <i>sylvic</i>, <i>acid</i>.</def>

<h1>Pining</h1>
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<hw>Pin"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Languishing; drooping; wasting away, as with longing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wasting; consuming.</def> "The <i>pining</i> malady of France."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Piningly</h1>
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<hw>Pin"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pining manner; droopingly.</def>

<i>Poe.</i>

<h1>Pinion</h1>
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<hw>Pin"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A moth of the genus <spn>Lithophane</spn>, as <spn>L. antennata</spn>, whose larva bores large holes in young peaches and apples.</def>

<h1>Pinion</h1>
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<hw>Pin"ion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pignon</ets> a pen, F., gable, pinion (in sense 5); cf. Sp. <ets>pi\'a4on</ets> pinion; fr. L. <ets>pinna</ets> pinnacle, feather, wing. See <er>Pin</er> a peg, and cf. <er>Pen</er> a feather, <er>Pennat</er>, <er>Pennon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A feather; a quill.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wing, literal or figurative.</def>

<blockquote>Swift on his sooty <b>pinions</b> flits the gnome.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The joint of bird's wing most remote from the body.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A fetter for the arm.</def>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A cogwheel with a small number of teeth, or leaves, adapted to engage with a larger wheel, or rack (see <er>Rack</er>); esp., such a wheel having its leaves formed of the substance of the arbor or spindle which is its axis.</def>

<cs><col>Lantern pinion</col>. <cd>See under <er>Lantern</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pinion wire</col>, <cd>wire fluted longitudinally, for making the pinions of clocks and watches. It is formed by being drawn through holes of the shape required for the leaves or teeth of the pinions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pinion</h1>
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<hw>Pin"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pinioned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pinioning</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bind or confine the wings of; to confine by binding the wings.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To disable by cutting off the pinion joint.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To disable or restrain, as a person, by binding the arms, esp. by binding the arms to the body.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Her elbows <b>pinioned</b> close upon her hips.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Hence, generally, to confine; to bind; to tie up.</def> "<i>Pinioned</i> up by formal rules of state."

<i>Norris.</i>

<h1>Pinioned</h1>
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<hw>Pin"ioned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having wings or pinions.</def>

<h1>Pinionist</h1>
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<hw>Pin"ion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any winged creature.</def>

<h1>Pinite</h1>
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<hw>Pin"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from <ets>Pini</ets>, a mine in Saxony.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A compact granular cryptocrystalline mineral of a dull grayish or greenish white color. It is a hydrous alkaline silicate, and is derived from the alteration of other minerals, as iolite.</def>

<h1>Pinite</h1>
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<hw>Pi"nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pinus</ets> the pine tree.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>(Paleon.) Any fossil wood which exhibits traces of having belonged to the Pine family.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A sweet white crystalline substance extracted from the gum of a species of pine (<spn>Pinus Lambertina</spn>). It is isomeric with, and resembles, quercite.</def>

<h1>Pink</h1>
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<hw>Pink</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>pink</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel with a very narrow stern; -- called also <altname>pinky</altname>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<cs><col>Pink stern</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a narrow stern.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pink</h1>
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<hw>Pink</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>pinken</ets>, <ets>pinkoogen</ets>, to blink, twinkle with the eyes.]</ety> <def>To wink; to blink.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Pink</h1>
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<hw>Pink</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Half-shut; winking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pink</h1>
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<hw>Pink</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pinked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pinking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>pinken</ets> to prick, probably a nasalized form of <ets>pick</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pierce with small holes; to cut the edge of, as cloth or paper, in small scallops or angles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stab; to pierce as with a sword.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To choose; to cull; to pick out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Herbert.</i>

<h1>Pink</h1>
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<hw>Pink</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stab.</def>

<i>Grose.</i>

<h1>Pink</h1>
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<hw>Pink</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. akin to <ets>pick</ets>; as if the edges of the petals were picked out. Cf. <er>Pink</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several plants of the caryophyllaceous genus <spn>Dianthus</spn>, and to their flowers, which are sometimes very fragrant and often double in cultivated varieties. The species are mostly perennial herbs, with opposite linear leaves, and handsome five-petaled flowers with a tubular calyx.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A color resulting from the combination of a pure vivid red with more or less white; -- so called from the common color of the flower.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything supremely excellent; the embodiment or perfection of something.</def> "The very <i>pink</i> of courtesy."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European minnow; -- so called from the color of its abdomen in summer.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>Bunch pink</col><cd> is <spn>Dianthus barbatus</spn>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>China</col>, &or; <col>Indian</col>, <col>pink</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>China</er>.</cd> -- <col>Clove pink</col><cd> is <spn>Dianthus Caryophyllus</spn>, the stock from which carnations are derived.</cd> -- <col>Garden pink</col>. <cd>See <er>Pheasant's eye</er>.</cd> -- <col>Meadow pink</col><cd> is applied to <spn>Dianthus deltoides</spn>; also, to the ragged robin.</cd> -- <col>Maiden pink</col>, <cd><spn>Dianthus deltoides</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Moss pink</col>. <cd>See under <er>Moss</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pink needle</col>, <cd>the pin grass; -- so called from the long, tapering points of the carpels. See <er>Alfilaria</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sea pink</col>. <cd>See <er>Thrift</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pink</h1>
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<hw>Pink</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling the garden pink in color; of the color called <i>pink</i> (see 6th <er>Pink</er>, 2); <as>as, a <ex>pink</ex> dress; <ex>pink</ex> ribbons.</as></def>

<cs><col>Pink eye</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a popular name for an epidemic variety of ophthalmia, associated with early and marked redness of the eyeball.</cd> -- <col>Pink salt</col> <fld>(Chem. & Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>the double chlorides of (stannic) tin and ammonium, formerly much used as a mordant for madder and cochineal.</cd> -- <col>Pink saucer</col>, <cd>a small saucer, the inner surface of which is covered with a pink pigment.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pinked</h1>
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<hw>Pinked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pierced with small holes; worked in eyelets; scalloped on the edge.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pink-eyed</h1>
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<hw>Pink"-eyed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pink</ets> half-shut + <ets>eye</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having small eyes.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Pinking</h1>
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<hw>Pink"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of piercing or stabbing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or method of decorating fabrics or garments with a pinking iron; also, the style of decoration; scallops made with a pinking iron.</def>

<cs><col>Pinking iron</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An instrument for scalloping the edges of ribbons, flounces, etc</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A sword</cd>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Pinkish</h1>
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<hw>Pink"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat pink.</def>

<h1>Pinkness</h1>
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<hw>Pink"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality or state of being pink.</def>

<h1>Pinkroot</h1>
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<hw>Pink"root`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The root of <spn>Spigelia Marilandica</spn>, used as a powerful vermifuge; also, that of <spn>S. Anthelmia</spn>. See definition 2 (below).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A perennial North American herb (<spn>Spigelia Marilandica</spn>), sometimes cultivated for its showy red blossoms. Called also <altname>Carolina pink</altname>, <altname>Maryland pinkroot</altname>, and <altname>worm grass</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An annual South American and West Indian plant (<spn>Spigelia Anthelmia</spn>).</def>

<h1>Pinkster</h1>
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<hw>Pink"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>pinkster</ets>, <ets>pinksteren</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Pentecost</er>.]</ety> <def>Whitsuntide.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pingster</asp> and <asp>pinxter</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Pinkster flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the rosy flower of the <spn>Azalea nudiflora</spn>; also, the shrub itself; -- called also <altname>Pinxter blomachee</altname> by the New York descendants of the Dutch settlers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pink stern</h1>
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<hw>Pink" stern`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See 1st <er>Pink</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Chebacco</er>, and 1st <er>Pink</er>.</def>

<h1>Pink-sterned</h1>
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<hw>Pink"-sterned`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Pink</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Having a very narrow stern; -- said of a vessel.</def>

<h1>Pinky</h1>
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<hw>Pink"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See 1st <er>Pink</er>.</def>

<h1>Pinna</h1>
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<hw>Pin"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pinn\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Pinnas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a feather.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A leaflet of a pinnate leaf. See <i>Illust</i>. of <cref>Bipinnate leaf</cref>, under <er>Bipinnate</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the primary divisions of a decompound leaf.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the divisions of a pinnate part or organ.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[L. <ets>pinna</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of <spn>Pinna</spn>, a genus of large bivalve mollusks found in all warm seas. The byssus consists of a large number of long, silky fibers, which have been used in manufacturing woven fabrics, as a curiosity.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The auricle of the ear. See <er>Ear</er>.</def>

<h1>Pinnace</h1>
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<hw>Pin"nace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pinasse</ets>; cf. It. <ets>pinassa</ets>, <ets>pinazza</ets>, Sp. <ets>pinaza</ets>; all from L. <ets>pinus</ets> a pine tree, anything made of pine, e.g., a ship. Cf. <er>Pine</er> a tree.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small vessel propelled by sails or oars, formerly employed as a tender, or for coast defence; -- called originally, <altname>spynace</altname> or <altname>spyne</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A man-of-war's boat.</def>

<blockquote>Whilst our <b>pinnace</b> anchors in the Downs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A procuress; a pimp.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Pinnacle</h1>
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<hw>Pin"na*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pinacle</ets>, F. <ets>pinacle</ets>, L. <ets>pinnaculum</ets>, fr. <ets>pinna</ets> pinnacle, feather. See <er>Pin</er> a peg.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An architectural member, upright, and generally ending in a small spire, -- used to finish a buttress, to constitute a part in a proportion, as where pinnacles flank a gable or spire, and the like. Pinnacles may be considered primarily as added weight, where it is necessary to resist the thrust of an arch, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Some renowned metropolis
With glistering spires and <b>pinnacles</b> around.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything resembling a pinnacle; a lofty peak; a pointed summit.</def>

<blockquote>Three silent <b>pinnacles</b> of aged snow.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The slippery tops of human state,
The gilded <b>pinnacles</b> of fate.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pinnacle</h1>
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<hw>Pin"na*cle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pinnacled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pinnacling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To build or furnish with a pinnacle or pinnacles.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Pinnage</h1>
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<hw>Pin"nage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Pinfold</er>.]</ety> <def>Poundage of cattle. See <er>Pound</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pinnate, Pinnated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pin"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pin"na*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pinnatus</ets> feathered, fr. <ets>pinna</ets> a feather. See <er>Pin</er> a peg, <er>Pen</er> feather.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Consisting of several leaflets, or separate portions, arranged on each side of a common petiole, as the leaves of a rosebush, a hickory, or an ash. See <cref>Abruptly pinnate</cref>, and <i>Illust</i>., under <er>Abruptly</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a winglike tuft of long feathers on each side of the neck.</def>

<cs><col>Pinnated grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the prairie chicken.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pinnately</h1>
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<hw>Pin"nate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pinnate manner.</def>

<h1>Pinnatifid</h1>
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<hw>Pin*nat"i*fid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pinnatus</ets> feathered + root of <ets>findere</ets> to split: cf. F. <ets>pinnatifide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Divided in a pinnate manner, with the divisions not reaching to the midrib.</def>

<h1>Pinnatilobate</h1>
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<hw>Pin*nat`i*lo"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pinnate</er>, and <er>Lobate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having lobes arranged in a pinnate manner.</def>

<h1>Pinnatiped</h1>
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<hw>Pin*nat"i*ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pinnatus</ets> feathered + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets> foot: cf. F. <ets>pinnatip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the toes bordered by membranes; fin-footed, as certain birds.</def>

<h1>Pinnatiped</h1>
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<hw>Pin*nat"i*ped</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird which has the toes bordered by membranes.</def>

<h1>Pinner</h1>
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<hw>Pin"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, pins or fastens, as with pins.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Costume)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A headdress like a cap, with long lappets.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def> An apron with a bib; a pinafore.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A cloth band for a gown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With kerchief starched, and <b>pinners</b> clean.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pin maker.</def>

<h1>Pinner</h1>
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<hw>Pin"ner</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pin</er> to pound.]</ety> <def>One who pins or impounds cattle. See <er>Pin</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pinnet</h1>
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<hw>Pin"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pinnacle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Pinniform</h1>
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<hw>Pin"ni*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pinna</ets> feather, fin + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like a fin or feather.</def>

<i>Sir J. Hill.</i>

<h1>Pinnigrada</h1>
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<hw>Pin`ni*gra"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>pinna</ets> a feather + <ets>gradi</ets> to walk, move.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pinnipedia</er>.</def>

<h1>Pinnigrade</h1>
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<hw>Pin"ni*grade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal of the seal tribe, moving by short feet that serve as paddles.</def>

<h1>Pinniped</h1>
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<hw>Pin"ni*ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pinna</ets> feather, fin + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, a foot: cf. F. <ets>pinnip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the Pinnipedia; a seal.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the Pinnipedes.</def>

<h1>Pinnipedes</h1>
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<hw>Pin*nip"e*des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Steganopodes</er>.</def>

<h1>Pinnipedia</h1>
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<hw>Pin`ni*pe"di*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. So called because their webbed feet are used as paddles or fins.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of aquatic carnivorous mammals including the seals and walruses; -- opposed to <i>Fissipedia</i>.</def>

<hr>
<page="1089">
Page 1089<p>

<h1>Pinnock</h1>
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<hw>Pin"nock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The hedge sparrow.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The tomtit.</def>

<h1>Pinnothere</h1>
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<hw>Pin"no*there</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a pinna + <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A crab of the genus <spn>pinnotheres</spn>. See <cref>Oyster crab</cref>, under <er>Oyster</er>.</def>

<h1>Pinnula</h1>
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<hw>Pin"nu*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pinnul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Pinnule</er>.</def>

<h1>Pinnulate</h1>
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<hw>Pin"nu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pinnule</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having each pinna subdivided; -- said of a leaf, or of its pinn\'91.</def>

<h1>Pinnulated</h1>
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<hw>Pin"nu*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having pinnules.</def>

<h1>Pinnule</h1>
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<hw>Pin"nule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pinnula</ets>, dim. of <ets>pinna</ets> feather: cf. F. <ets>pinnule</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the small divisions of a decompound frond or leaf. See <i>Illust</i>. of <cref>Bipinnate leaf</cref>, under <er>Bipinnate</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of a series of small, slender organs, or parts, when arranged in rows so as to have a plumelike appearance; <as>as, a <ex>pinnule</ex> of a gorgonia; the <ex>pinnules</ex> of a crinoid.</as></def>

<h1>Pinnywinkles</h1>
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<hw>Pin"ny*win`kles</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>An instrument of torture, consisting of a board with holes into which the fingers were pressed, and fastened with pegs.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pilliewinkles</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Pinocle</h1>
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<hw>Pin"o*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Penuchle</er>.</def>

<h1>Pinole</h1>
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<hw>Pi*nole"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An aromatic powder used in Italy in the manufacture of chocolate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Parched maize, ground, and mixed with sugar, etc. Mixed with water, it makes a nutritious beverage.</def>

<h1>Pi\'a4on</h1>
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<hw>Pi\'a4"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>pi\'a4on</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The edible seed of several species of pine; also, the tree producing such seeds, as <spn>Pinus Pinea</spn> of Southern Europe, and <spn>P. Parryana, cembroides, edulis, and monophylla</spn>, the nut pines of Western North America.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>See <er>Monkey's puzzle</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pignon</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pinpatch</h1>
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<hw>Pin"patch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common English periwinkle.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Pint</h1>
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<hw>Pint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pinte</ets>, F. <ets>pinte</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>pinta</ets> spot, mark, pint, fr. <ets>pintar</ets> to paint; a mark for a pint prob. having been made on or in a larger measure. See <er>Paint</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure of capacity, equal to half a quart, or four gills, -- used in liquid and dry measures. See <er>Quart</er>.</def>

<h1>Pint</h1>
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<hw>Pint</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The laughing gull.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Pintado</h1>
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<hw>Pin*ta"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pintados</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp., painted, fr. <ets>pintar</ets> to paint.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the genus <spn>Numida</spn>. Several species are found in Africa. The common pintado, or Guinea fowl, the helmeted, and the crested pintados, are the best known. See <cref>Guinea fowl</cref>, under <er>Guinea</er>.</def>

<h1>Pintail</h1>
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<hw>Pin"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A northern duck (<spn>Dafila acuta</spn>), native of both continents. The adult male has a long, tapering tail. Called also <altname>gray duck</altname>, <altname>piketail</altname>, <altname>piket-tail</altname>, <altname>spike-tail</altname>, <altname>split-tail</altname>, <altname>springtail</altname>, <altname>sea pheasant</altname>, and <altname>gray widgeon</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sharp-tailed grouse of the great plains and Rocky Mountains (<spn>Pedioc\'91tes phasianellus</spn>); -- called also <altname>pintailed grouse</altname>, <altname>pintailed chicken</altname>, <altname>springtail</altname>, and <altname>sharptail</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pin-tailed</h1>
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<hw>Pin"-tailed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a tapered tail, with the middle feathers longest; -- said of birds.</def>

<h1>Pintle</h1>
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<hw>Pin"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A diminutive of <er>Pin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little pin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>An upright pivot pin</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The pivot pin of a hinge</def>. <sd>(b)</sd><def> A hook or pin on which a rudder hangs and turns</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A pivot about which the chassis swings, in some kinds of gun carriages</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A kingbolt of a wagon.</def>

<h1>Pintos</h1>
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<hw>Pin"tos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Pinto</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <ety>[Sp., painted, mottled.]</ety> <fld>(Eyhnol.)</fld> <def>A mountain tribe of Mexican Indians living near Acapulco. They are remarkable for having the dark skin of the face irregularly spotted with white. Called also <altname>speckled Indians</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pinule</h1>
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<hw>Pin"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Pinnule</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of the sights of an astrolabe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pinus</h1>
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<hw>Pi"nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a pine tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large genus of evergreen coniferous trees, mostly found in the northern hemisphere. The genus formerly included the firs, spruces, larches, and hemlocks, but is now limited to those trees which have the primary leaves of the branchlets reduced to mere scales, and the secondary ones (<i>pine needles</i>) acicular, and usually in fascicles of two to seven. See <er>Pine</er>.</def>

<h1>Pinweed</h1>
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<hw>Pin"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the genus <spn>Lechea</spn>, low North American herbs with branching stems, and very small and abundant leaves and flowers.</def>

<h1>Pinworm</h1>
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<hw>Pin"worm`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small nematoid worm (<spn>Oxyurus vermicularis</spn>), which is parasitic chiefly in the rectum of man. It is most common in children and aged persons.</def>

<h1>Pinxit</h1>
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<hw>Pinx"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., perfect indicative 3d sing. of <ets>pingere</ets> to paint.]</ety> <def>A word appended to the artist's name or initials on a painting, or engraved copy of a painting; <as>as, <ex>Rubens pinxit</ex>, Rubens painted (this)</as>.</def>

<h1>Pinxter</h1>
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<hw>Pinx"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pinkster</er>.</def>

<h1>Piny</h1>
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<hw>Pin"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding with pines.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>piney</asp>.]</altsp> "The <i>piny</i> wood."

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Pioned</h1>
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<hw>Pi"o*ned</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>A Shakespearean word of disputed meaning; perh., "abounding in marsh marigolds."</def>

<blockquote>Thy banks with <b>pioned</b> and twilled brims.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pioneer</h1>
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<hw>Pi`o*neer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pionier</ets>, orig., a foot soldier, OF. <ets>peonier</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>peon</ets> a foot soldier, F. <ets>pion</ets>. See <er>Pawn</er> in chess.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A soldier detailed or employed to form roads, dig trenches, and make bridges, as an army advances.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who goes before, as into the wilderness, preparing the way for others to follow; <as>as, <ex>pioneers</ex> of civilization; <ex>pioneers</ex> of reform.</as></def>

<h1>Pioneer</h1>
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<hw>Pi`o*neer"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pioneered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pioneering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To go before, and prepare or open a way for; to act as pioneer.</def>

<h1>Pioner</h1>
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<hw>Pi`o*ner"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pioneer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Piony</h1>
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<hw>Pi"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Peony</er>.</def>

<h1>Piot</h1>
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<hw>Pi"ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Piet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The magpie.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Pious</h1>
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<hw>Pi"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pieux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to piety; exhibiting piety; reverential; dutiful; religious; devout; godly.</def> "<i>Pious</i> hearts." <i>Milton</i>. "<i>Pious</i> poetry." <i>Johnson</i>.

<blockquote>Where was the martial brother's <b>pious</b> care?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Practiced under the pretext of religion; prompted by mistaken piety; <as>as, <ex>pious</ex> errors; <ex>pious</ex> frauds.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Godly; devout; religious; righteous.</syn>

<h1>Piously</h1>
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<hw>Pi"ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pious manner.</def>

<h1>Pip</h1>
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<hw>Pip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pippe</ets>, D. <ets>pip</ets>, or F. <ets>p\'82pie</ets>; from LL. <ets>pipita</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pituita</ets> slime, phlegm, rheum, in fowls, the pip. Cf. <er>Pituite</er>.]</ety> <def>A contagious disease of fowls, characterized by hoarseness, discharge from the nostrils and eyes, and an accumulation of mucus in the mouth, forming a "scale" on the tongue. By some the term <i>pip</i> is restricted to this last symptom, the disease being called <i>roup</i> by them.</def>

<h1>Pip</h1>
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<hw>Pip</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formerly <ets>pippin</ets>, <ets>pepin</ets>. Cf. <er>Pippin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A seed, as of an apple or orange.</def>

<h1>Pip</h1>
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<hw>Pip</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perh. for <ets>pick</ets>, F. <ets>pique</ets> a spade at cards, a pike. Cf. <er>Pique</er>.]</ety> <def>One of the conventional figures or "spots" on playing cards, dominoes, etc.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Pip</h1>
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<hw>Pip</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pipped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pipping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Peep</er>.]</ety> <def>To cry or chirp, as a chicken; to peep.</def>

<blockquote>To hear the chick <b>pip</b> and cry in the egg.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pipa</h1>
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<hw>Pi*pa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pipas</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Surinam toad (<spn>Pipa Americana</spn>), noted for its peculiar breeding habits.</def>

<note>&hand; The male places the eggs on the back of the female, where they soon become inclosed in capsules formed by the thickening of the skin. The incubation of the eggs takes place in the capsules, and the young, when hatched, come forth with well developed legs.</note>

<h1>Pipage</h1>
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<hw>Pip"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Transportation, as of petroleum oil, by means of a pipe conduit; also, the charge for such transportation.</def>

<h1>Pipal tree</h1>
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<hw>Pi"pal tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Same as <er>Peepul tree</er>.</def>

<h1>Pipe</h1>
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<hw>Pipe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>p\'c6pe</ets>, probably fr. L. <ets>pipare</ets>, <ets>pipire</ets>, to chirp; of imitative origin. Cf. <er>Peep</er>, <er>Pibroch</er>, <er>Fife</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wind instrument of music, consisting of a tube or tubes of straw, reed, wood, or metal; any tube which produces musical sounds; <as>as, a shepherd's <ex>pipe</ex>; the <ex>pipe</ex> of an organ.</as></def> "Tunable as sylvan <i>pipe</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Now had he rather hear the tabor and the <b>pipe</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any long tube or hollow body of wood, metal, earthenware, or the like: especially, one used as a conductor of water, steam, gas, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small bowl with a hollow steam, -- used in smoking tobacco, and, sometimes, other substances.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A passageway for the air in speaking and breathing; the windpipe, or one of its divisions.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The key or sound of the voice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The peeping whistle, call, or note of a bird.</def>

<blockquote>The earliest <b>pipe</b> of half-awakened birds.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The bagpipe; <as>as, the <ex>pipes</ex> of Lucknow</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>An elongated body or vein of ore.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A roll formerly used in the English exchequer, otherwise called the <i>Great Roll</i>, on which were taken down the accounts of debts to the king; -- so called because put together like a pipe.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A boatswain's whistle, used to call the crew to their duties; also, the sound of it.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pipe</ets>, fr. <ets>pipe</ets> a wind instrument, a tube, fr. L. <ets>pipare</ets> to chirp. See Etymol. above.]</ety> <def>A cask usually containing two hogsheads, or 126 wine gallons; also, the quantity which it contains.</def>

<cs><col>Pipe fitter</col>, <cd>one who fits pipes together, or applies pipes, as to an engine or a building.</cd> -- <col>Pipe fitting</col>, <cd>a piece, as a coupling, an elbow, a valve, etc., used for connecting lengths of pipe or as accessory to a pipe.</cd> -- <col>Pipe office</col>, <cd>an ancient office in the Court of Exchequer, in which the clerk of the pipe made out leases of crown lands, accounts of cheriffs, etc.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Pipe tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the lilac and the mock orange; -- so called because their were formerly used to make pipe stems; -- called also <altname>pipe privet</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Pipe wrench</col>, &or; <col>Pipetongs</col></mcol>, <cd>a jawed tool for gripping a pipe, in turning or holding it.</cd> -- <col>To smoke the pipe of peace</col>, <cd>to smoke from the same pipe in token of amity or preparatory to making a treaty of peace, -- a custom of the American Indians.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pipe</h1>
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<hw>Pipe</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To play on a pipe, fife, flute, or other tubular wind instrument of music.</def>

<blockquote>We have <b>piped</b> unto you, and ye have not danced.
<i>Matt. xi. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To call, convey orders, etc., by means of signals on a pipe or whistle carried by a boatswain.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To emit or have a shrill sound like that of a pipe; to whistle.</def> "Oft in the <i>piping</i> shrouds."

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>To become hollow in the process of solodifying; -- said of an ingot, as of steel.</def>

<h1>Pipe</h1>
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<hw>Pipe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Piped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Piping</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To perform, as a tune, by playing on a pipe, flute, fife, etc.; to utter in the shrill tone of a pipe.</def>

<blockquote>A robin . . . was <b>piping</b> a few querulous notes.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To call or direct, as a crew, by the boatswain's whistle.</def>

<blockquote>As fine a ship's company as was ever <b>piped</b> aloft.
<i>Marryat.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish or equip with pipes; <as>as, to <ex>pipe</ex> an engine, or a building</as>.</def>

<h1>Pipe clay</h1>
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<hw>Pipe" clay`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <def>A plastic, unctuous clay of a grayish white color, -- used in making tobacco pipes and various kinds of earthenware, in scouring cloth, and in cleansing soldiers' equipments.</def>

<h1>Pipeclay</h1>
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<hw>Pipe"clay`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To whiten or clean with pipe clay, as a soldier's accouterments.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To clear off; <as>as, to <ex>pipeclay</ex> accounts</as>.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Piped</h1>
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<hw>Piped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed with a pipe; having pipe or pipes; tubular.</def>

<h1>Pipefish</h1>
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<hw>Pipe"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any lophobranch fish of the genus <spn>Siphostoma</spn>, or <spn>Syngnathus</spn>, and allied genera, having a long and very slender angular body, covered with bony plates. The mouth is small, at the end of a long, tubular snout. The male has a pouch on his belly, in which the incubation of the eggs takes place.</def>

<mhw><h1>Pipelayer, n., <it>or</it> Pipe layer</h1>
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<hw>Pipe"lay`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <it>or</it> <hw>Pipe" lay`er</hw></mhw>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who lays conducting pipes in the ground, as for water, gas, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Polit. Cant)</fld> <def>A politician who works in secret; -- in this sense, usually written as one word.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<mhw><h1>Pipelaying, n., <it>or</it> Pipe laying</h1>
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<hw>Pipe"lay`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>, <it>or</it> <hw>Pipe" lay`ing</hw></mhw>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>The laying of conducting pipes underground, as for water, gas, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Polit. Cant)</fld> <def>The act or method of making combinations for personal advantage secretly or slyly; -- in this sense, usually written as one word.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Pipemouth</h1>
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<hw>Pipe"mouth`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any fish of the genus Fistularia; -- called also <altname>tobacco pipefish</altname>. See <er>Fistularia</er>.</def>

<h1>Piper</h1>
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<hw>Pi"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>See <er>Pepper</er>.</def>

<h1>Piper</h1>
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<hw>Pip"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One who plays on a pipe, or the like, esp. on a bagpipe.</def> "The hereditary <i>piper</i> and his sons."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A common European gurnard (<spn>Trigla lyra</spn>), having a large head, with prominent nasal projection, and with large, sharp, opercular spines.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A sea urchin (<spn>Goniocidaris hystrix</spn>) having very long spines, native of both the American and European coasts.</def>

<cs><col>To pay the piper</col>, <cd>to bear the cost, expense, or trouble.</cd></cs>

<h1>Piperaceous</h1>
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<hw>Pip`er*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>piper</ets> pepper.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the order of plants (<spn>Piperace\'91</spn>) of which the pepper (<spn>Piper nigrum</spn>) is the type. There are about a dozen genera and a thousand species, mostly tropical plants with pungent and aromatic qualities.</def>

<h1>Piperic</h1>
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<hw>Pi*per"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, or designating, a complex organic acid found in the products of different members of the Pepper family, and extracted as a yellowish crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Piperidge</h1>
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<hw>Pip"er*idge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pepperidge</er>.</def>

<h1>Piperidine</h1>
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<hw>Pi*per"i*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oily liquid alkaloid, <chform>C5H11N</chform>, having a hot, peppery, ammoniacal odor. It is related to pyridine, and is obtained by the decomposition of piperine.</def>

<h1>Piperine</h1>
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<hw>Pip"er*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>piper</ets> pepper: cf. F. <ets>piperin</ets>, <ets>piperine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline compound of piperidine and piperic acid. It is obtained from the black pepper (<spn>Piper nigrum</spn>) and other species.</def>

<h1>Piperonal</h1>
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<hw>Pip`er*o"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline substance obtained by oxidation of piperic acid, and regarded as a complex aldehyde.</def>

<h1>Piperylene</h1>
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<hw>Pi*per"y*lene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Piper</ets>idine + acet<ets>ylene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon obtained by decomposition of certain piperidine derivatives.</def>

<h1>Pipestem</h1>
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<hw>Pipe"stem`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The hollow stem or tube of a pipe used for smoking tobacco, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Took a long reed for a <b>pipestem</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pipestone</h1>
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<hw>Pipe"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of clay slate, carved by the Indians into tobacco pipes. Cf. <er>Catlinite</er>.</def>

<h1>Pipette</h1>
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<hw>Pi*pette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>pipe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small glass tube, often with an enlargement or bulb in the middle, and usually graduated, -- used for transferring or delivering measured quantities.</def>

<h1>Pipevine</h1>
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<hw>Pipe"vine`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The Dutchman's pipe. See under <er>Dutchman</er>.</def>

<h1>Pipewort</h1>
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<hw>Pipe"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of a genus (<spn>Eriocaulon</spn>) of aquatic or marsh herbs with soft grass-like leaves.</def>

<h1>Piping</h1>
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<hw>Pip"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pipe</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Playing on a musical pipe.</def> "Lowing herds and <i>piping swains</i>."

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Peaceful; favorable to, or characterized by, the music of the pipe rather than of the drum and fife.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Emitting a high, shrill sound.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Simmering; boiling; sizzling; hissing; -- from the sound of boiling fluids.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Piping crow</col>, <col>Piping crow shrike</col>, <col>Piping roller</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any Australian bird of the genus <spn>Gymnorhina</spn>, esp. <spn>G. tibicen</spn>, which is black and white, and the size of a small crow. Called also <altname>caruck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Piping frog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small American tree frog (<spn>Hyla Pickeringii</spn>) which utters a high, shrill note in early spring.</cd> -- <col>Piping hot</col>, <cd>boiling hot; hissing hot; very hot. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Piping</h1>
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<hw>Pip"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small cord covered with cloth, -- used as trimming for women's dresses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pipes, collectively; <as>as, the <ex>piping</ex> of a house</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of playing on a pipe; the shrill noted of birds, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A piece cut off to be set or planted; a cutting; also, propagation by cuttings.</def>

<hr>
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Page 1090<p>

<h1>Pipistrel, Pipistrelle</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pi*pis"trel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pip`i*strelle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pipistrelle</ets>, It. <ets>pipistrello</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European bat (<spn>Vesperugo pipistrellus</spn>); -- called also <altname>flittermouse</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pipit</h1>
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<hw>Pip"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So named from its call note.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of small singing birds belonging to <spn>Anthus</spn> and allied genera, of the family <spn>Motacillid\'91</spn>. They strongly resemble the true larks in habits, colors, and the great length of the hind claw. They are, therefore, often called <altname>titlarks</altname>, and <altname>pipit larks</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The <stype>meadow pipit</stype> (<spn>Anthus pratensis</spn>); the <stype>tree pipit</stype>, or tree lark (<spn>A. trivialis</spn>); and the <stype>rock pipit</stype>, or sea lark (<spn>A. obscurus</spn>) are well-known European species. The common American <i>pipit</i>, or brown lark, is <spn>Anthus Pensilvanicus</spn>. The Western species (<spn>A. Spraguei</spn>) is called the <stype>American skylark</stype>, on account of its musical powers.</note>

<h1>Pipkin</h1>
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<hw>Pip"kin</hw>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[Dim. of <er>Pipe</er>.]</ety> <def>A small earthen boiler.</def>

<h1>Pippin</h1>
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<hw>Pip"pin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Probably fr. OE. <ets>pippin</ets> a seed, as being raised from the seed. See <er>Pip</er> a seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An apple from a tree raised from the seed and not grafted; a seedling apple.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A name given to apples of several different kinds, as <i>Newtown pippin</i>, <i>summer pippin</i>, <i>fall pippin</i>, <i>golden pippin</i>.</def>

<blockquote>We will eat a last year's <b>pippin</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Normandy pippins</col>, <cd>sun-dried apples for winter use.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pippul tree</h1>
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<hw>Pip"pul tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Same as <er>Peepul tree</er>.</def>

<h1>Pipra</h1>
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<hw>Pi"pra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pipras</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a woodpecker.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of small clamatorial birds belonging to <spn>Pipra</spn> and allied genera, of the family <spn>Piprid\'91</spn>. The male is usually glossy black, varied with scarlet, yellow, or sky blue. They chiefly inhabit South America.</def>

<h1>Piprine</h1>
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<hw>Pi"prine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the pipras, or the family <spn>Piprid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Pipsissewa</h1>
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<hw>Pip*sis"se*wa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From American Indian.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A low evergreen plant (<spn>Chimaphila umbellata</spn>), with narrow, wedge-lanceolate leaves, and an umbel of pretty nodding fragrant blossoms. It has been used in nephritic diseases. Called also <altname>prince's pine</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pipy</h1>
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<hw>Pip"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a pipe; hollow-stemmed.</def>

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Piquancy</h1>
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<hw>Pi"quan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Piquant</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being piquant.</def>

<h1>Piquant</h1>
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<hw>Pi"quant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p.pr. of <ets>piquer</ets> to prick or sting. See <er>Pike</er>.]</ety> <def>Stimulating to the taste; giving zest; tart; sharp; pungent; <as>as, a <ex>piquant</ex> anecdote</as>.</def> "As <i>piquant</i> to the tongue as salt." <i>Addison</i>. "<i>Piquant</i> railleries." <i>Gov. of Tongue</i>.

<h1>Piquantly</h1>
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<hw>Pi"quant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a piquant manner.</def>

<h1>Piqu\'82</h1>
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<hw>Pi`qu\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., p.p. of <ets>piquer</ets> to prick.]</ety> <def>A cotton fabric, figured in the loom, -- used as a dress goods for women and children, and for vestings, etc.</def>

<h1>Pique</h1>
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<hw>Pique</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The jigger. See <er>Jigger</er>.</def>

<h1>Pique</h1>
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<hw>Pique</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>piquer</ets>. See <er>Pike</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A feeling of hurt, vexation, or resentment, awakened by a social slight or injury; irritation of the feelings, as through wounded pride; stinging vexation.</def>

<blockquote>Men take up <b>piques</b> and displeasures.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wars had arisen . . . upon a personal <b>pique</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Keenly felt desire; a longing.</def>

<blockquote>Though it have the <b>pique</b>, and long,
'Tis still for something in the wrong.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>In piquet, the right of the elder hand to count thirty in hand, or to play before the adversary counts one.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Displeasure; irritation; grudge; spite.</syn> <usage> <er>Pique</er>, <er>Spite</er>, <er>Grudge</er>. <i>Pique</i> denotes a quick and often transient sense of resentment for some supposed neglect or injury, but it is not marked by malevolence. <i>Spite</i> is a stronger term, denoting settled ill will or malice, with a desire to injure, as the result of extreme irritation. <i>Grudge</i> goes still further, denoting cherished and secret enmity, with an unforgiving spirit. A <i>pique</i> is usually of recent date; a <i>grudge</i> is that which has long subsisted; <i>spite</i> implies a disposition to cross or vex others.</usage>

<h1>Pique</h1>
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<hw>Pique</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Piqued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Piquing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>piquer</ets>. See <er>Pike</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wound the pride of; to sting; to nettle; to irritate; to fret; to offend; to excite to anger.</def>

<blockquote><b>Pique</b> her, and soothe in turn.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To excite to action by causing resentment or jealousy; to stimulate; to prick; <as>as, to <ex>pique</ex> ambition, or curiosity</as>.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pride or value; -- used reflexively.</def>

<blockquote>Men . . . <b>pique</b> themselves upon their skill.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To offend; displease; irritate; provoke; fret; nettle; sting; goad; stimulate.</syn>

<h1>Pique</h1>
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<hw>Pique</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To cause annoyance or irritation.</def> "Every <?/erse hath something in it that <i>piques</i>."

<i>Tatler.</i>

<h1>Piqueer</h1>
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<hw>Pi*queer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Pickeer</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Piqueerer</h1>
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<hw>Pi*queer"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pickeerer</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Piquet</h1>
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<hw>Piqu"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Picket</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Piquet</h1>
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<hw>Pi*quet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., prob. fr. <ets>pique</ets>. See <er>Pique</er>, <er>Pike</er>, and <er>Picket</er>.]</ety> <def>A game at cards played between two persons, with thirty-two cards, all the deuces, threes, fours, fives, and sixes, being set aside.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>picket</asp> and <asp>picquet</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Piracy</h1>
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<hw>Pi"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Piracies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>piratia</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Pirate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or crime of a pirate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Common Law)</fld> <def>Robbery on the high seas; the taking of property from others on the open sea by open violence; without lawful authority, and with intent to steal; -- a crime answering to <i>robbery</i> on land.</def>

<-- air piracy -- to commandeer or hijack an airplane -->

<note>&hand; By statute law several other offenses committed on the seas (as trading with known pirates, or engaging in the slave trade) have been made <i>piracy</i>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def></def>"Sometimes used, in a quasi-figurative sense, of violation of copyright; but for this, <i>infringement</i> is the correct and preferable term."

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Piragua</h1>
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<hw>Pi*ra"gua</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pirogue</er>.</def>

<h1>Pirai</h1>
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<hw>Pi*rai"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Piraya</er>.</def>

<h1>Pirameter</h1>
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<hw>Pi*ram"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ trial + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dynamometer for ascertaining the power required to draw carriages over roads.</def>

<h1>Pirarucu</h1>
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<hw>Pi`ra*ru"cu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native South American name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Arapaima</er>.</def>

<h1>Pirate</h1>
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<hw>Pi"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pirata</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to attempt, undertake, from making attempts or attacks on ships, <?/ an attempt, trial; akin to E. <ets>peril</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pirate</ets>. See <er>Peril</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A robber on the high seas; one who by open violence takes the property of another on the high seas; especially, one who makes it his business to cruise for robbery or plunder; a freebooter on the seas; also, one who steals in a harbor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An armed ship or vessel which sails without a legal commission, for the purpose of plundering other vessels on the high seas.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who infringes the law of copyright, or publishes the work of an author without permission.</def>

<cs><col>Pirate perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fresh-water percoid fish of the United States (<spn>Aphredoderus Sayanus</spn>). It is of a dark olive color, speckled with blackish spots.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pirate</h1>
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<hw>Pi"rate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pirated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pirating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pirater</ets>.]</ety> <def>To play the pirate; to practice robbery on the high seas.</def>

<h1>Pirate</h1>
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<hw>Pi"rate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To publish, as books or writings, without the permission of the author.</def><-- or other copyrighted material; see also the similar "knock off", to manufacture an object with a brand name, without permission of the brand owner, and usually of inferior quality -->

<blockquote>They advertised they would <b>pirate</b> his edition.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Piratic</h1>
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<hw>Pi*rat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Piratical.</def>

<h1>Piratical</h1>
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<hw>Pi*rat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>piraticus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>piratique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a pirate; acquired by, or practicing, piracy; <as>as, a <ex>piratical</ex> undertaking</as>.</def> "<i>Piratical</i> printers." <i>Pope</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Pi*rat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Piraya</h1>
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<hw>Pi*ra"ya</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large voracious fresh-water fish (<spn>Serrasalmo piraya</spn>) of South America, having lancet-shaped teeth.</def>

<h1>Pirie</h1>
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<hw>Pir"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Pirry</er>.</def>

<h1>Pirie</h1>
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<hw>Pir"ie</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pear</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A pear tree.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pery</asp>, <asp>pyrie</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Piririgua</h1>
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<hw>Pi`ri*ri"gua</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American bird (<spn>Guira guira</spn>) allied to the cuckoos.</def>

<h1>Pirl</h1>
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<hw>Pirl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Purl</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To spin, as a top.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To twist or twine, as hair in making fishing lines.</def>

<h1>Pirn</h1>
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<hw>Pirn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A quill or reed on which thread or yarn is wound; a bobbin; also, the wound yarn on a weaver's shuttle; also, the reel of a fishing rod.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Pirogue</h1>
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<hw>Pi*rogue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Originally an American Indian word: cf. F. <ets>pirogue</ets>, Sp. <ets>piroga</ets>, <ets>piragua</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dugout canoe; by extension, any small boat.</def> <altsp>[Written variously <asp>periauger</asp>, <asp>perogue</asp>, <asp>piragua</asp>, <asp>periagua</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Pirouette</h1>
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<hw>Pir`ou*ette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A whirling or turning on the toes in dancing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>The whirling about of a horse.</def>

<h1>Pirouette</h1>
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<hw>Pir`ou*ette"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pirouetted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pirouetting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>pirouetter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To perform a pirouette; to whirl, like a dancer.</def>

<h1>Pirry, Pirrie</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pir"ry</hw>, <hw>Pir"rie</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Scot. <ets>pirr</ets> a gentle breeze, Icel. <ets>byrr</ets> a prosperous wind, <ets>bylr</ets> a blast of wind.]</ety> <def>A rough gale of wind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Pisasphaltum</h1>
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<hw>Pis`as*phal"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pissasphalt</er>.</def>

<h1>Pisay</h1>
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<hw>Pi"say</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Pis\'82</er>.</def>

<h1>Piscary</h1>
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<hw>Pis"ca*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>piscarius</ets> relating to fishes or to fishing, fr. <ets>piscis</ets> a fish.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The right or privilege of fishing in another man's waters.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Piscation</h1>
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<hw>Pis*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>piscatio</ets>, fr. <ets>piscari</ets> to fish.]</ety> <def>Fishing; fishery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Piscator</h1>
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<hw>Pis*ca"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A fisherman; an angler.</def>

<h1>Piscatorial, Piscatory</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pis`ca*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pis"ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>piscatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>piscator</ets> a fisherman, fr. <ets>piscari</ets> to fish, fr. <ets>piscis</ets> a fish. See <er>Fish</er> the animal.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to fishes or fishing.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Pisces</h1>
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<hw>Pis"ces</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>piscis</ets> a fish.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The twelfth sign of the zodiac, marked &pisces; in almanacs.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A zodiacal constellation, including the first point of Aries, which is the vernal equinoctial point; the Fish.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The class of Vertebrata that includes the fishes. The principal divisions are Elasmobranchii, Ganoidei, and Teleostei.</def>

<h1>Piscicapture</h1>
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<hw>Pis"ci*cap`ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Capture of fishes, as by angling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>W. H. Russell.</i>

<h1>Piscicultural</h1>
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<hw>Pis`ci*cul"tur*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to pisciculture.</def>

<h1>Pisciculture</h1>
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<hw>Pis`ci*cul"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>piscis</ets> a fish + E. <ets>culture</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fish culture. See under <er>Fish</er>.</def>

<h1>Pisciculturist</h1>
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<hw>Pis`ci*cul"tur*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who breeds fish.</def>

<h1>Pisciform</h1>
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<hw>Pis"ci*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>piscis</ets> fish + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a fish; resembling a fish.</def>

<h1>Piscina</h1>
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<hw>Pis*ci"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a certain, fishpond, fr. <ets>piscis</ets> a fish.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A niche near the altar in a church, containing a small basin for rinsing altar vessels.</def>

<h1>Piscinal</h1>
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<hw>Pis"ci*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>piscinalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>piscinal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a fishpond or a piscina.</def>

<h1>Piscine</h1>
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<hw>Pis"cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>piscis</ets> a fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a fish or fishes; <as>as, <ex>piscine</ex> remains</as>.</def>

<h1>Piscivorous</h1>
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<hw>Pis*civ"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>piscis</ets> a fish + <ets>vorare</ets> to devour: cf. F. <ets>piscivore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Feeding or subsisting on fish.</def>

<h1>Pis\'82</h1>
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<hw>Pi`s\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pis\'82</ets>, from <ets>piser</ets> to stamp, pound, L. <ets>pisare</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A species of wall made of stiff earth or clay rammed in between molds which are carried up as the wall rises; -- called also <altname>pis\'82 work</altname>.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Pish</h1>
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<hw>Pish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>An exclamation of contempt.</def>

<h1>Pish</h1>
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<hw>Pish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To express contempt.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Pishu</h1>
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<hw>Pi"shu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Canada lynx.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>peeshoo</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pisiform</h1>
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<hw>Pi"si*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pisum</ets> a pea + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pisiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling a pea or peas in size and shape; <as>as, a <ex>pisiform</ex> iron ore</as>.</def>

<h1>Pisiform</h1>
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<hw>Pi"si*form</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A small bone on the ulnar side of the carpus in man and many mammals. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Artiodactyla</er>.</def>

<h1>Pismire</h1>
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<hw>Pis"mire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Piss</ets> + <ets>mire</ets>; so called because it discharges a moisture vulgarly considered urine. See <er>Mire</er> an ant.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An ant, or emmet.</def>

<h1>Pisolite</h1>
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<hw>Pi"so*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a pea + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pisolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of calcite, or calcium carbonate, consisting of aggregated globular concretions about the size of a pea; -- called also <altname>peastone</altname>, <altname>peagrit</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; O\'94lite is similar in structure, but the concretions are as small as the roe of a fish.</note>

<h1>Pisolitic</h1>
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<hw>Pi`so*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pisolithique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Composed of, containing, or resembling, pisolite.</def>

<h1>Pisophalt</h1>
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<hw>Pis"o*phalt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>pissasphalt</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Pissasphalt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Piss</h1>
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<hw>Piss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pissen</ets>, F. <ets>pisser</ets>; akin to It. <ets>pisciare</ets>, D. & G. <ets>pissen</ets>, Dan. <ets>pisse</ets>, Icel. <ets>pissa</ets>.]</ety> <def>To discharge urine, to urinate.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Piss</h1>
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<hw>Piss</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Urine.</def>

<h1>Pissabed</h1>
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<hw>Piss"a*bed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name locally applied to various wild plants, as dandelion, bluet, oxeye daisy, etc.</def>

<h1>Pissasphalt</h1>
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<hw>Pis"sas*phalt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pissasphaltus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ pitch + <?/ asphalt: cf. F. <ets>pissasphalte</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Earth pitch; a soft, black bitumen of the consistence of tar, and of a strong smell. It is inflammable, and intermediate between petroleum and asphalt.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pisasphaltum</asp>, <asp>pisasphalt</asp>, etc.]</altsp>

<h1>Pist</h1>
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<hw>Pist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>(man.) See <er>Piste</er>.</def>

<h1>Pistachio</h1>
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<hw>Pis*ta"chio</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>pistacchio</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>pistacho</ets>, F. <ets>pistache</ets>), fr. L. <ets>pistacium</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. Per. <ets>pistah</ets>. Cf. <er>Fistinut</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The nut of the <spn>Pistacia vera</spn>, a tree of the order <spn>Anacardiace\'91</spn>, containing a kernel of a pale greenish color, which has a pleasant taste, resembling that of the almond, and yields an oil of agreeable taste and odor; -- called also <altname>pistachio nut</altname>. It is wholesome and nutritive. The tree grows in Arabia, Persia, Syria, and Sicily.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pistachia</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pistacia</h1>
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<hw>Pis*ta"ci*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pistachio</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of a genus of trees, including the tree which bears the pistachio, the Mediterranean mastic tree (<spn>Pistacia Lentiscus</spn>), and the species (<spn>P. Terebinthus</spn>) which yields Chian or Cyprus turpentine.</def>

<h1>Pistacite</h1>
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<hw>Pis"ta*cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pistacite</ets>. So called from its green color. See <er>Pistachio</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Epidote.</def>

<h1>Pistareen</h1>
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<hw>Pis`ta*reen"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An old Spanish silver coin of the value of about twenty cents.</def>

<h1>Pistazite</h1>
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<hw>Pis"ta*zite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pistacite</er>.</def>

<h1>Piste</h1>
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<hw>Piste</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>pisere</ets>, <ets>pinsere</ets>, <ets>pistum</ets>, to pound.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The track or tread a horseman makes upon the ground he goes over.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Pistel, Pistil</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pis"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pis"til</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An epistle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pistic</h1>
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<hw>Pis"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pisticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pure; genuine.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Pistil</h1>
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<hw>Pis"til</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pistillum</ets>, <ets>pistillus</ets>, a pestle: cf. F. <ets>pistil</ets>. See <er>Pestle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The seed-bearing organ of a flower. It consists of an ovary, containing the ovules or rudimentary seeds, and a stigma, which is commonly raised on an elongated portion called a <i>style</i>. When composed of one carpel a pistil is simple; when composed of several, it is compound. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Flower</er>, and <er>Ovary</er>.</def>

<h1>Pistillaceous</h1>
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<hw>Pis`til*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing on, or having nature of, the pistil; of or pertaining to a pistil.</def>

<i>Barton.</i>

<h1>Pistillate</h1>
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<hw>Pis"til*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a pistil or pistils; -- usually said of flowers having pistils but no stamens.</def>

<h1>Pistillation</h1>
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<hw>Pis`til*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pistillum</ets> a pestle.]</ety> <def>The act of pounding or breaking in a mortar; pestillation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Pistillidium</h1>
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<hw>Pis`til*lid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pistillida</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>pistil</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Archegonium</er>.</def>

<h1>Pistilliferous</h1>
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<hw>Pis`til*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pistil</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pistillif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pistillate.</def>

<h1>Pistillody</h1>
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<hw>Pis"til*lo*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pistil</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The metamorphosis of other organs into pistils.</def>

<h1>Pistol</h1>
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<hw>Pis"tol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pistole</ets>, <ets>pistolet</ets>, It. <ets>pistola</ets>; prob. from a form <ets>Pistola</ets>, for <ets>Pistoja</ets>, a town in Italy where pistols were first made. Cf. <er>Pistole</er>.]</ety> <def>The smallest firearm used, intended to be fired from one hand, -- now of many patterns, and bearing a great variety of names. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Revolver</er>.</def><-- generically, also called handgun -->

<cs><col>Pistol carbine</col>, <cd>a firearm with a removable but-piece, and thus capable of being used either as a pistol or a carbine.</cd> -- <col>Pistol pipe</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a pipe in which the blast for a furnace is heated, resembling a pistol in form.</cd> -- <col>Pistol shot</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The discharge of a pistol</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The distance to which a pistol can propel a ball.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pistol</h1>
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<hw>Pis"tol</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pistoled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pistoling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pistoler</ets>.]</ety> <def>To shoot with a pistol.</def> "To <i>pistol</i> a poacher."

<i>Sydney Smith.</i>

<h1>Pistolade</h1>
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<hw>Pis"to*lade`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A pistol shot.</def>

<h1>Pistole</h1>
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<hw>Pis*tole"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., probably a name given in jest in France to a Spanish coin. Cf. <er>Pistol</er>.]</ety> <def>The name of certain gold coins of various values formerly coined in some countries of Europe. In Spain it was equivalent to a quarter doubloon, or about $3.90, and in Germany and Italy nearly the same. There was an old Italian pistole worth about $5.40.</def>

<h1>Pistoleer</h1>
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<hw>Pis`to*leer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pistolier</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who uses a pistol.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Pistolet</h1>
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<hw>Pis"to*let`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a dim. of <ets>pistole</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small pistol.</def>

<i>Donne. Beau. & Fl.</i>

<-- pistol-whip, to beat with a pistol -->

<hr>
<page="1091">
Page 1091<p>

<h1>Piston</h1>
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<hw>Pis"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>piston</ets>; cf. It. <ets>pistone</ets> piston, also <ets>pestone</ets> a large pestle; all fr. L. <ets>pinsere</ets>, <ets>pistum</ets>, to pound, to stamp. See <er>Pestle</er>, <er>Pistil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A sliding piece which either is moved by, or moves against, fluid pressure. It usually consists of a short cylinder fitting within a cylindrical vessel along which it moves, back and forth. It is used in steam engines to receive motion from the steam, and in pumps to transmit motion to a fluid; also for other purposes.</def>

<cs><col>Piston head</col> <fld>(Steam Eng.)</fld>, <cd>that part of a piston which is made fast to the piston rod.</cd> -- <col>Piston rod</col>, <cd>a rod by which a piston is moved, or by which it communicates motion.</cd> -- <col>Piston valve</col> <fld>(Steam Eng.)</fld>, <cd>a slide valve, consisting of a piston, or connected pistons, working in a cylindrical case which is provided with ports that are traversed by the valve.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pit</h1>
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<hw>Pit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pit</ets>, <ets>put</ets>, AS. <ets>pytt</ets> a pit, hole, L. <ets>puteus</ets> a well, pit.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large cavity or hole in the ground, either natural or artificial; a cavity in the surface of a body; an indentation</def>; specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The shaft of a coal mine; a coal pit</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A large hole in the ground from which material is dug or quarried; <as>as, a stone <ex>pit</ex>; a gravel <ex>pit</ex></as>; or in which material is made by burning; <as>as, a lime <ex>pit</ex>; a charcoal <ex>pit</ex></as></def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A vat sunk in the ground; <as>as, a tan <ex>pit</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Tumble me into some loathsome <b>pit</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any abyss; especially, the grave, or hades.</def>

<blockquote>Back to the infernal <b>pit</b> I drag thee chained.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He keepth back his soul from the <b>pit</b>.
<i>Job xxxiii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A covered deep hole for entrapping wild beasts; a pitfall; hence, a trap; a snare. Also used figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>The anointed of the Lord was taken in their <b>pits</b>.
<i>Lam. iv. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A depression or hollow in the surface of the human body</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The hollow place under the shoulder or arm; the axilla, or armpit</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>See <cref>Pit of the stomach</cref> (below)</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The indentation or mark left by a pustule, as in smallpox.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Formerly, that part of a theater, on the floor of the house, below the level of the stage and behind the orchestra; now, in England, commonly the part behind the stalls; in the United States, the parquet; also, the occupants of such a part of a theater.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An inclosed area into which gamecocks, dogs, and other animals are brought to fight, or where dogs are trained to kill rats.</def> "As fiercely as two gamecocks in the <i>pit</i>."

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>pit</ets>, akin to E. <ets>pith</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The endocarp of a drupe, and its contained seed or seeds; a stone; <as>as, a peach <ex>pit</ex>; a cherry <ex>pit</ex>, etc.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A depression or thin spot in the wall of a duct.</def>

<cs><col>Cold pit</col> <fld>(Hort.)</fld>, <cd>an excavation in the earth, lined with masonry or boards, and covered with glass, but not artificially heated, -- used in winter for the storing and protection of half-hardly plants, and sometimes in the spring as a forcing bed.</cd> -- <col>Pit coal</col>, <cd>coal dug from the earth; mineral coal.</cd> -- <col>Pit frame</col>, <cd>the framework over the shaft of a coal mine.</cd> -- <col>Pit head</col>, <cd>the surface of the ground at the mouth of a pit or mine.</cd> -- <col>Pit kiln</col>, <cd>an oven for coking coal.</cd> -- <col>Pit martin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the bank swallow.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Pit of the stomach</col></mcol> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the depression on the middle line of the epigastric region of the abdomen at the lower end of the sternum; the infrasternal depression.</cd> -- <col>Pit saw</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a saw worked by two men, one of whom stands on the log and the other beneath it. The place of the latter is often in a pit, whence the name.</cd> -- <col>Pit viper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any viperine snake having a deep pit on each side of the snout. The rattlesnake and copperhead are examples.</cd> -- <col>Working pit</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a shaft in which the ore is hoisted and the workmen carried; -- in distinction from a shaft used for the pumps.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pit</h1>
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<hw>Pit</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pitted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pitting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place or put into a pit or hole.</def>

<blockquote>They lived like beasts, and were <b>pitted</b> like beasts, tumbled into the grave.
<i>T. Grander.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mark with little hollows, as by various pustules; <as>as, a face <ex>pitted</ex> by smallpox</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To introduce as an antagonist; to set forward for or in a contest; <as>as, to <ex>pit</ex> one dog against another</as>.</def>

<h1>Pita</h1>
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<hw>Pi"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A fiber obtained from the <spn>Agave Americana</spn> and other related species, -- used for making cordage and paper. Called also <altname>pita fiber</altname>, and <altname>pita thread</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The plant which yields the fiber.</def>

<-- pita, pita bread.  a thin flat bread that is formed in two layers, to make a pocket into which other foods may be placed. -->

<h1>Pitahaya</h1>
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<hw>Pit`a*ha"ya</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., prob. from the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A cactaceous shrub (<spn>Cereus Pitajaya</spn>) of tropical America, which yields a delicious fruit.</def>

<h1>Pitapat</h1>
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<hw>Pit"a*pat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[An onomatopoetic reduplication of <ets>pat</ets> a light, quick blow.]</ety> <def>In a flutter; with palpitation or quick succession of beats.</def> <i>Lowell</i>. "The fox's heart went <i>pitapat</i>." <i>L'Estrange</i>.

<h1>Pitapat</h1>
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<hw>Pit"a*pat`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A light, repeated sound; a pattering, as of the rain.</def> "The <i>pitapat</i> of a pretty foot."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Pitch</h1>
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<hw>Pitch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pich</ets>, AS. <ets>pic</ets>, L. <ets>pix</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thick, black, lustrous, and sticky substance obtained by boiling down tar. It is used in calking the seams of ships; also in coating rope, canvas, wood, ironwork, etc., to preserve them.</def>

<blockquote>He that toucheth <b>pitch</b> shall be defiled therewith.
<i>Ecclus. xiii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Pitchstone</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Amboyna pitch</col>, <cd>the resin of <spn>Dammara australis</spn>. See <er>Kauri</er>.</cd> -- <col>Burgundy pitch</col>. <cd>See under <er>Burgundy</er>.</cd> -- <col>Canada pitch</col>, <cd>the resinous exudation of the hemlock tree (<spn>Abies Canadensis</spn>); hemlock gum.</cd> -- <col>Jew's pitch</col>, <cd>bitumen.</cd> -- <col>Mineral pitch</col>. <cd>See <er>Bitumen</er> and <er>Asphalt</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pitch coal</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>bituminous coal.</cd> -- <col>Pitch peat</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a black homogeneous peat, with a waxy luster.</cd> -- <col>Pitch pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of pine, yielding pitch, esp. the <spn>Pinus rigida</spn> of North America.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pitch</h1>
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<hw>Pitch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pitched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pitching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Pitch</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover over or smear with pitch.</def>

<i>Gen. vi. 14.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To darken; to blacken; to obscure.</def>

<blockquote>The welkin <b>pitched</b> with sullen could.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pitch</h1>
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<hw>Pitch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>picchen</ets>; akin to E. <ets>pick</ets>, <ets>pike</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw, generally with a definite aim or purpose; to cast; to hurl; to toss; <as>as, to <ex>pitch</ex> quoits; to <ex>pitch</ex> hay; to <ex>pitch</ex> a ball.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To thrust or plant in the ground, as stakes or poles; hence, to fix firmly, as by means of poles; to establish; to arrange; <as>as, to <ex>pitch</ex> a tent; to <ex>pitch</ex> a camp.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To set, face, or pave with rubble or undressed stones, as an embankment or a roadway.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To fix or set the tone of; <as>as, to <ex>pitch</ex> a tune</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To set or fix, as a price or value.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Pitched battle</col>, <cd>a general battle; a battle in which the hostile forces have fixed positions; -- in distinction from a <i>skirmish<i>.</cd> -- <col>To pitch into</col>, <cd>to attack; to assault; to abuse. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Pitch</h1>
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<hw>Pitch</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fix or place a tent or temporary habitation; to encamp.</def> "Laban with his brethren <i>pitched</i> in the Mount of Gilead."

<i>Gen. xxxi. 25.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To light; to settle; to come to rest from flight.</def>

<blockquote>The tree whereon they [the bees] <b>pitch</b>.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fix one's choise; -- with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Pitch</b> upon the best course of life, and custom will render it the more easy.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To plunge or fall; esp., to fall forward; to decline or slope; <as>as, to <ex>pitch</ex> from a precipice; the vessel <ex>pitches</ex> in a heavy sea; the field <ex>pitches</ex> toward the east.</as></def>

<cs><col>Pitch and pay</col>, <cd>an old aphorism which inculcates ready-money payment, or payment on delivery of goods.</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pitch</h1>
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<hw>Pitch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A throw; a toss; a cast, as of something from the hand; <as>as, a good <ex>pitch</ex> in quoits</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Pitch and toss</col>, <cd>a game played by tossing up a coin, and calling "Heads or tails;" hence: <col>To play pitch and toss with (anything)</col></mcol>, <cd>to be careless or trust to luck about it.</cd> "<i>To play pitch and toss with<i> the property of the country." <i>G. Eliot</i>.</cd> -- <col>Pitch farthing</col>. <cd>See <cref>Chuck farthing</cref>, under 5th <er>Chuck</er>.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>That point of the ground on which the ball pitches or lights when bowled.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A point or peak; the extreme point or degree of elevation or depression; hence, a limit or bound.</def>

<blockquote>Driven headlong from the <b>pitch</b> of heaven, down
Into this deep.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Enterprises of great <b>pitch</b> and moment.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To lowest <b>pitch</b> of abject fortune.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He lived when learning was at its highest <b>pitch</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The exact <b>pitch</b>, or limits, where temperance ends.
<i>Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Height; stature.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A descent; a fall; a thrusting down.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The point where a declivity begins; hence, the declivity itself; a descending slope; the degree or rate of descent or slope; slant; <as>as, a steep <ex>pitch</ex> in the road; the <ex>pitch</ex> of a roof.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The relative acuteness or gravity of a tone, determined by the number of vibrations which produce it; the place of any tone upon a scale of high and low.</def>

<note>&hand; Musical tones with reference to <i>absolute pitch</i>, are named after the first seven letters of the alphabet; with reference to <i>relative pitch</i>, in a series of tones called the <i>scale</i>, they are called <i>one</i>, <i>two</i>, <i>three</i>, <i>four</i>, <i>five</i>, <i>six</i>, <i>seven</i>, <i>eight</i>. <i>Eight</i> is also <i>one</i> of a new scale an octave higher, as <i>one</i> is <i>eight</i> of a scale an octave lower.</note>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The limit of ground set to a miner who receives a share of the ore taken out.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The distance from center to center of any two adjacent teeth of gearing, measured on the <i>pitch line</i>; -- called also <i>circular pitch</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The length, measured along the axis, of a complete turn of the thread of a screw, or of the helical lines of the blades of a screw propeller.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The distance between the centers of holes, as of rivet holes in boiler plates.</def>

<cs><col>Concert pitch</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the standard of pitch used by orchestras, as in concerts, etc.</cd> -- <col>Diametral pitch</col> <fld>(Gearing)</fld>, <cd>the distance which bears the same relation to the pitch proper, or circular pitch, that the diameter of a circle bears to its circumference; it is sometimes described by the number expressing the quotient obtained by dividing the number of teeth in a wheel by the diameter of its pitch circle in inches; as, 4 pitch, 8 pitch, etc.</cd> -- <col>Pitch chain</col>, <cd>a chain, as one made of metallic plates, adapted for working with a sprocket wheel.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Pitch line</col>, &or; <col>Pitch circle</col></mcol> <fld>(Gearing)</fld>, <cd>an ideal line, in a toothed gear or rack, bearing such a relation to a corresponding line in another gear, with which the former works, that the two lines will have a common velocity as in rolling contact; it usually cuts the teeth at about the middle of their height, and, in a circular gear, is a circle concentric with the axis of the gear; the line, or circle, on which the pitch of teeth is measured.</cd> -- <col>Pitch of a roof</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the inclination or slope of the sides expressed by the height in parts of the span; as, one half <i>pitch<i>; whole <i>pitch<i>; or by the height in parts of the half span, especially among engineers; or by degrees, as a <i>pitch<i> of 30\'f8, of 45\'f8, etc.; or by the <i>rise<i> and <i>run<i>, that is, the ratio of the height to the half span; as, a <i>pitch<i> of six rise to ten run. <i>Equilateral pitch<i> is where the two sloping sides with the span form an equilateral triangle.</cd> -- <col>Pitch of a plane</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>the slant of the cutting iron.</cd> -- <col>Pitch pipe</col>, <cd>a wind instrument used by choristers in regulating the pitch of a tune.</cd> -- <col>Pitch point</col> <fld>(Gearing)</fld>, <cd>the point of contact of the pitch lines of two gears, or of a rack and pinion, which work together.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pitch-black</h1>
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<hw>Pitch"-black`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Black as pitch or tar.</def>

<h1>Pitchblende</h1>
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<hw>Pitch"blende`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[1st <ets>pitch + blende</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A pitch-black mineral consisting chiefly of the oxide of uranium; uraninite. See <er>Uraninite</er>.</def>

<h1>Pitch-dark</h1>
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<hw>Pitch"-dark`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dark as a pitch; pitch-black.</def>

<h1>Pitcher</h1>
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<hw>Pitch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who pitches anything, as hay, quoits, a ball, etc.; specifically <fld>(Baseball)</fld>, the player who delivers the ball to the batsman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sort of crowbar for digging.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Pitcher</h1>
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<hw>Pitch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>picher</ets>, OF. <ets>pichier</ets>, OHG. <ets>pehhar</ets>, <ets>pehh\'beri</ets>; prob. of the same origin as E. <ets>beaker</ets>. Cf. <er>Beaker</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A wide-mouthed, deep vessel for holding liquids, with a spout or protruding lip and a handle; a water jug or jar with a large ear or handle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tubular or cuplike appendage or expansion of the leaves of certain plants.</def>

<cs><col>American pitcher plants</col>, <cd>the species of Sarracenia. See <er>Sarracenia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Australian pitcher plant</col>, <cd>the <spn>Cephalotus follicularis</spn>, a low saxifragaceous herb having two kinds of radical leaves, some oblanceolate and entire, others transformed into little ovoid pitchers, longitudinally triple-winged and ciliated, the mouth covered with a lid shaped like a cockleshell.</cd> -- <col>California pitcher plant</col>, <cd>the <spn>Darlingtonia California</spn>. See <er>Darlingtonia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pitcher plant</col>, <cd>any plant with the whole or a part of the leaves transformed into pitchers or cuplike organs, especially the species of <spn>Nepenthes</spn>. See <er>Nepenthes</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pitcherful</h1>
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<hw>Pitch"er*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pitcherfuls</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The quantity a pitcher will hold.</def>

<h1>Pitch-faced</h1>
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<hw>Pitch"-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Stone Cutting)</fld> <def>Having the arris defined by a line beyond which the rock is cut away, so as to give nearly true edges; -- said of squared stones that are otherwise quarry-faced.</def>

<h1>Pitchfork</h1>
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<hw>Pitch"fork`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fork, or farming utensil, used in pitching hay, sheaves of grain, or the like.</def>

<h1>Pitchfork</h1>
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<hw>Pitch"fork`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pitch or throw with, or as with, a pitchfork.</def>

<blockquote>He has been <b>pitchforked</b> into the footguards.
<i>G. A. Sala.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pitchiness</h1>
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<hw>Pitch"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pitchy</er>.]</ety> <def>Blackness, as of pitch; darkness.</def>

<h1>Pitching</h1>
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<hw>Pitch"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of throwing or casting; a cast; a pitch; <as>as, wild <ex>pitching</ex> in baseball</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The rough paving of a street to a grade with blocks of stone.</def>

<i>Mayhew.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Hydraul. Eng.)</fld> <def>A facing of stone laid upon a bank to prevent wear by tides or currents.</def>

<cs><col>Pitching piece</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>the horizontal timber supporting the floor of a platform of a stairway, and against which the stringpieces of the sloping parts are supported.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pitch-ore</h1>
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<hw>Pitch"-ore`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Pitchblende.</def>

<h1>Pitchstone</h1>
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<hw>Pitch"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An igneous rock of semiglassy nature, having a luster like pitch.</def>

<h1>Pitchwork</h1>
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<hw>Pitch"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The work of a coal miner who is paid by a share of his product.</def>

<h1>Pitchy</h1>
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<hw>Pitch"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 1st <er>Pitch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Partaking of the qualities of pitch; resembling pitch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Smeared with pitch.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Black; pitch-dark; dismal.</def> "<i>Pitchy</i> night."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Piteous</h1>
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<hw>Pit"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pitous</ets>, OF. <ets>pitos</ets>, F. <ets>piteux</ets>. See <er>Pity</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pious; devout.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Lord can deliver <b>piteous</b> men from temptation.
<i>Wyclif.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Evincing pity, compassion, or sympathy; compassionate; tender.</def> "[She] <i>piteous</i> of his case."

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>She was so charitable and so <b>pitous</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fitted to excite pity or sympathy; wretched; miserable; lamentable; sad; <as>as, a <ex>piteous</ex> case</as>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The most <b>piteous</b> tale of Lear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Paltry; mean; pitiful.</def> "<i>Piteous</i> amends."

<i>Milton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Sorrowful; mournful; affecting; doleful; woeful; rueful; sad; wretched; miserable; pitiable; pitiful; compassionate.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pit"e*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pit"e*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pitfall</h1>
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<hw>Pit"fall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pit deceitfully covered to entrap wild beasts or men; a trap of any kind.</def>

<i>Sir T. North.</i>

<h1>Pitfalling</h1>
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<hw>Pit"fall`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Entrapping; insnaring.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Full of . . . contradiction and <i>pitfalling</i> dispenses."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Pith</h1>
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<hw>Pith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>pi<?/a</ets>; akin to D. <ets>pit</ets> pith, kernel, LG. <ets>peddik</ets>. Cf. <er>Pit</er> a kernel.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The soft spongy substance in the center of the stems of many plants and trees, especially those of the dicotyledonous or exogenous classes. It consists of cellular tissue.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The spongy interior substance of a feather.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The spinal cord; the marrow.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: The which contains the strength of life; the vital or essential part; concentrated force; vigor; strength; importance; <as>as, the speech lacked <ex>pith</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Enterprises of great <b>pith</b> and moment.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Pith paper</col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Rice paper</cref>, under <er>Rice</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pith</h1>
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<hw>Pith</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To destroy the central nervous system of (an animal, as a frog), as by passing a stout wire or needle up and down the vertebral canal.</def>

<h1>Pitheci</h1>
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<hw>Pi*the"ci</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ an ape.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of mammals including the apes and monkeys. Sometimes used in the sense of <i>Primates</i>.</def>

<h1>Pithecoid</h1>
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<hw>Pith"e*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an ape + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the genus <spn>Pithecia</spn>, or subfamily <spn>Pithecin\'91</spn>, which includes the saki, ouakari, and other allied South American monkeys.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the anthropoid apes in particular, or to the higher apes of the Old World, collectively.</def>

<h1>Pithful</h1>
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<hw>Pith"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of pith.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>W. Browne.</i>

<h1>Pithily</h1>
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<hw>Pith"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pithy manner.</def>

<h1>Pithiness</h1>
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<hw>Pith"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being pithy.</def>

<h1>Pithless</h1>
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<hw>Pith"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of pith, or of strength; feeble.</def> <i>Dryden</i>. "<i>Pithless</i> argumentation." <i>Glandstone</i>.

<h1>Pit-hole</h1>
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<hw>Pit"-hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pit; a pockmark.</def>

<h1>Pithsome</h1>
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<hw>Pith"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pithy; robust.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Pithsome</i> health and vigor."

<i>R. D. Blackmore.</i>

<h1>Pithy</h1>
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<hw>Pith"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Pithier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Pithiest</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting wholly, or in part, of pith; abounding in pith; <as>as, a <ex>pithy</ex> stem; a <ex>pithy</ex> fruit.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having nervous energy; forceful; cogent.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>pithy</b> speech prevailed, and all agreed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In all these Goodman Fact was very short, but <b>pithy</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Pithy gall</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, rough, furrowed, oblong gall, formed on blackberry canes by a small gallfly (<spn>Diastrophus nebulosus</spn>).</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="1092">
Page 1092<p>

<h1>Pitiable</h1>
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<hw>Pit"i*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>pitiable</ets>, F. <ets>pitoyable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deserving pity; wworthy of, or exciting, compassion; miserable; lamentable; piteous; <as>as, <ex>pitiable</ex> persons; a <ex>pitiable</ex> condition; <ex>pitiable</ex> wretchedness.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Sorrowful; woeful; sad. See <er>Piteous</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pit"i*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Pit"i*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pitier</h1>
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<hw>Pit"i*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pities.</def>

<i>Gauden.</i>

<h1>Pitiful</h1>
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<hw>Pit"i*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of pity; tender-hearted; compassionate; kind; merciful; sympathetic.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord is very <b>pitiful</b>, and of tender mercy.
<i>James v. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Piteous; lamentable; eliciting compassion.</def>

<blockquote>A thing, indeed, very <b>pitiful</b> and horrible.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be pitied for littleness or meanness; miserable; paltry; contemptible; despicable.</def>

<blockquote>That's villainous, and shows a most <b>pitiful</b> ambition in the fool that uses it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Despicable; mean; paltry. See <er>Contemptible</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pit"i*ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pit"i*ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pitiless</h1>
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<hw>Pit"i*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of pity; hard-hearted; merciless; <as>as, a <ex>pitiless</ex>master; <ex>pitiless</ex> elements.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exciting no pity; <as>as, a <ex>pitiless</ex> condition</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pit"i*less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pit"i*less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pitman</h1>
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<hw>Pit"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pitmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who works in a pit, as in mining, in sawing timber, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The connecting rod in a sawmill; also, sometimes, a connecting rod in other machinery.</def>

<h1>Pitot's tube</h1>
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<hw>Pi*tot's" tube`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Hydraul.)</fld> <def>A bent tube used to determine the velocity of running water, by placing the curved end under water, and observing the height to which the fluid rises in the tube; a kind of current meter.</def>

<h1>Pitpan</h1>
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<hw>Pit"pan`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A long, flat-bottomed canoe, used for the navigation of rivers and lagoons in Central America.</def>

<i>Squier.</i>

<h1>Pitpat</h1>
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<hw>Pit"pat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & adv.</tt> <def>See <er>Pitapat</er>.</def>

<h1>Pitta</h1>
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<hw>Pit"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of a large group of bright-colored clamatorial birds belonging to <spn>Pitta</spn>, and allied genera of the family <spn>Pittid\'91</spn>. Most of the species are varied with three or more colors, such as blue, green, crimson, yellow, purple, and black. They are called also <altname>ground thrushes</altname>, and <altname>Old World ant thrushes</altname>; but they are not related to the true thrushes.</def>

<note>&hand; The pittas are most abundant in the East Indies, but some inhabit Southern Asia, Africa, and Australia. They live mostly upon the ground, and feed upon insects of various kinds.</note>

<h1>Pittacal</h1>
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<hw>Pit"ta*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, pitch + <?/ beautiful: cf. F. <ets>pittacale</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A dark blue substance obtained from wood tar. It consists of hydrocarbons which when oxidized form the orange-yellow eupittonic compounds, the salts of which are dark blue.</def>

<h1>Pittance</h1>
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<hw>Pit"tance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pitance</ets>, <ets>pitaunce</ets>, F. <ets>pitance</ets>; cf. It. <ets>pietanza</ets>, LL. <ets>pitancia</ets>, <ets>pittantia</ets>, <ets>pictantia</ets>; perh. fr. L. <ets>pietas</ets> pity, piety, or perhaps akin to E. <ets>petty</ets>. Cf. <er>Petty</er>, and <er>Pity</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An allowance of food bestowed in charity; a mess of victuals; hence, a small charity gift; a dole.</def> "A good <i>pitaunce</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>One half only of this <b>pittance</b> was ever given him in money.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A meager portion, quality, or allowance; an inconsiderable salary or compensation.</def> "The small <i>pittance</i> of learning they received."

<i>Swift.</i>

<blockquote>The inconsiderable <b>pittance</b> of faithful professors.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pitted</h1>
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<hw>Pit"ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Marked with little pits, as in smallpox. See <er>Pit</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 2.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having minute thin spots; <as>as, <ex>pitted</ex> ducts in the vascular parts of vegetable tissue</as>.</def>

<h1>Pitter</h1>
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<hw>Pit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A contrivance for removing the pits from peaches, plums, and other stone fruit.</def>

<h1>Pitter</h1>
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<hw>Pit"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a pattering sound; to murmur; <as>as, <ex>pittering</ex> streams</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. Greene.</i>

<h1>Pittle-pattle</h1>
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<hw>Pit"tle-pat`tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To talk unmeaningly; to chatter or prattle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Pituitary</h1>
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<hw>Pi*tu"i*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pituita</ets> phlegm, pituite: cf. F. <ets>pituitarie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Secreting mucus or phlegm; <as>as, the <ex>pituitary</ex> membrane, or the mucous membrane which lines the nasal cavities</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the pituitary body; <as>as, the <ex>pituitary</ex> fossa</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Pituitary body</col> &or; <col>gland</col></mcol> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a glandlike body of unknown function, situated in the pituitary fossa, and connected with the infundibulum of the brain; the hypophysis.</cd> -- <col>Pituitary fossa</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the ephippium.</cd></cs>
<-- glandula pituitaria, basilaris.  Suspended from the base of the hypothalamus.  secretes pituitary hormones: oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone; somatotropins, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, gonadotropins, adrenal corticotropin and other peptide hormones.  Called the "master gland"  -->

<h1>Pituite</h1>
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<hw>Pit"u*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pituita</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pituite</ets>. Cf. <er>Pip</er> a disease of fowls.]</ety> <def>Mucus, phlegm.</def>

<h1>Pituitous</h1>
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<hw>Pi*tu"i*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pituitosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pituiteux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of, or resembling, pituite or mucus; full of mucus; discharging mucus.</def>

<cs><col>Pituitous fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>typhoid fever; enteric fever.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pity</h1>
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<hw>Pit"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>pite</ets>, OF. <ets>pit\'82</ets>, <ets>piti\'82</ets>, F. <ets>piti\'82</ets>, L. <ets>pietas</ets> piety, kindness, pity. See <er>Pious</er>, and cf. <er>Piety</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Piety.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A feeling for the sufferings or distresses of another or others; sympathy with the grief or misery of another; compassion; fellow-feeling; commiseration.</def>

<blockquote>He that hath <b>pity</b> upon the poor lendeth unto the Lord.
<i>Prov. xix. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He . . . has no more <b>pity</b> in him than a dog.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A reason or cause of pity, grief, or regret; a thing to be regretted.</def> "The more the <i>pity</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>What <b>pity</b> is it
That we can die but once to serve our country!
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In this sense, sometimes used in the plural, especially in the colloquialism: "It is a thousand <i>pities</i>."</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Compassion; mercy; commiseration; condolence; sympathy, fellow-suffering; fellow-feeling. -- <er>Pity</er>, <er>Sympathy</er>, <er>Compassion</er>. <i>Sympathy</i> is literally <i>fellow-feeling</i>, and therefore requiers a certain degree of equality in situation, circumstances, etc., to its fullest exercise. <i>Compassion</i> is deep tenderness for another under severe or inevitable misfortune. <i>Pity</i> regards its object not only as suffering, but <i>weak</i>, and hence as inferior.</syn>

<h1>Pity</h1>
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<hw>Pit"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pitied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pitying</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To feel pity or compassion for; to have sympathy with; to compassionate; to commiserate; to have tender feelings toward (any one), awakened by a knowledge of suffering.</def>

<blockquote>Like as a father <b>pitieth</b> his children, so the Lord <b>pitieth</b> them that fear him.
<i>Ps. ciii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move to pity; -- used impersonally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It <b>pitieth</b> them to see her in the dust.
<i>Bk. of Com. Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pity</h1>
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<hw>Pit"y</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be compassionate; to show pity.</def>

<blockquote>I will not <b>pity</b>, nor spare, nor have mercy.
<i>Jer. xiii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pitying</h1>
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<hw>Pit"y*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expressing pity; <as>as, a <ex>pitying</ex> eye, glance, or word</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pit"y*ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pityriasis</h1>
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<hw>Pit`y*ri"a*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, lit., bran.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A superficial affection of the skin, characterized by irregular patches of thin scales which are shed in branlike particles.</def>

<cs><col>Pityriasis versicolor</col><cd> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, a parasitic disease of the skin, characterized by the development of reddish or brownish patches.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pityroid</h1>
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<hw>Pit"y*roid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bran + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of, or resembling, bran.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Pi\'97</h1>
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<hw>Pi"\'97</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. L. <ets>plus</ets>. See <er>Plus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A little more; <as>as, <ex>pi\'97</ex> allegro, a little more briskly</as>.</def>

<h1>Pivot</h1>
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<hw>Piv"ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.; prob. akin to It. <ets>piva</ets> pipe, F. <ets>pipe</ets>. See <er>Pipe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fixed pin or short axis, on the end of which a wheel or other body turns.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The end of a shaft or arbor which rests and turns in a support; <as>as, the <ex>pivot</ex> of an arbor in a watch</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, figuratively: A turning point or condition; that on which important results depend; <as>as, the <ex>pivot</ex> of an enterprise</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The officer or soldier who simply turns in his place whike the company or line moves around him in wheeling; -- called also <altname>pivot man</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Pivot bridge</col>, <cd>a form of drawbridge in which one span, called the <i>pivot span<i>, turns about a central vertical axis.</cd> -- <col>Pivot gun</col>, <cd>a gun mounted on a pivot or revolving carriage, so as to turn in any direction.</cd> -- <col>Pivot tooth</col> <fld>(Dentistry)</fld>, <cd>an artificial crown attached to the root of a natural tooth by a pin or peg.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pivot</h1>
<Xpage=1092>

<hw>Piv"ot</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pivoted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pivoting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To place on a pivot.</def>

<i>Clarke.</i>

<h1>Pivotal</h1>
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<hw>Piv"ot*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a pivot or turning point; belonging to, or constituting, a pivot; of the nature of a pivot; <as>as, the <ex>pivotal</ex>opportunity of a career; the <ex>pivotal</ex> position in a battle.</as></def>

<h1>Pix</h1>
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<hw>Pix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Pyx</er>.</def>

<h1>Pixy, Pixie</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pix"y</hw>, <hw>Pix"ie</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pixies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[For <ets>Pucksy</ets>, from <ets>Puck</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An old English name for a fairy; an elf.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>picksy</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A low creeping evergreen plant (<spn>Pyxidanthera barbulata</spn>), with mosslike leaves and little white blossoms, found in New Jersey and southward, where it flowers in earliest spring.</def>

<cs><col>Pixy ring</col>, <cd>a fairy ring or circle.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Pixy stool</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a toadstool or mushroom. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Pixy-led</h1>
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<hw>Pix"y-led`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Led by pixies; bewildered.</def>

<h1>Pizzicato</h1>
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<hw>Piz`zi*ca"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[It., pinched.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A direction to violinists to pluck the string with the finger, instead of using the bow. (Abrev. <abbr>pizz.</abbr>)</def>

<h1>Pizzle</h1>
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<hw>Piz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. G. <ets>pissel</ets>, <ets>pesel</ets>, <ets>peisel</ets>, <ets>peserich</ets>, D. <ets>pees</ets> a tendon or spring.]</ety> <def>The penis; -- so called in some animals, as the bull.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Placability</h1>
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<hw>Pla`ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>placabilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>placabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being placable or appeasable; placable disposition.</def>

<h1>Placable</h1>
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<hw>Pla"ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>placabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>placare</ets> to quiet, pacify: cf. F. <ets>placable</ets>. See <er>Placate</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being appeased or pacified; ready or willing to be pacified; willing to forgive or condone.</def>

<blockquote>Methought I saw him <b>placable</b> and mild.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Placableness</h1>
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<hw>Pla"ca*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being placable.</def>

<h1>Placard</h1>
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<hw>Pla*card"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>plaquer</ets> to lay or clap on, <ets>plaque</ets> plate, tablet; probably from Dutch, cf. D. <ets>plakken</ets> to paste, post up, <ets>plak</ets> a flat piece of wood.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A public proclamation; a manifesto or edict issued by authority.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All <b>placards</b> or edicts are published in his name.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Permission given by authority; a license; <as>as, to give a <ex>placard</ex> to do something</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>ller.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A written or printed paper, as an advertisement or a declaration, posted, or to be posted, in a public place; a poster.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>An extra plate on the lower part of the breastplate or backplate.</def>

<i>Planch\'82.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Placket</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of stomacher, often adorned with jewels, worn in the fifteenth century and later.</def>

<h1>Placard</h1>
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<hw>Pla*card"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Placarded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Placarding</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To post placards upon or within; <as>as, to <ex>placard</ex> a wall, to <ex>placard</ex> the city</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To announce by placards; <as>as, to <ex>placard</ex> a sale</as>.</def>

<h1>Placate</h1>
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<hw>Plac"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Placard</er>, 4 & 5.</def>

<h1>Placate</h1>
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<hw>Pla"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Placated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Placating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>placatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>placare</ets> to placate, akin to <ets>placere</ets> to please. See <er>Please</er>.]</ety> <def>To appease; to pacify; to concilate.</def> "Therefore is he always propitiated and <i>placated</i>."

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Placation</h1>
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<hw>Pla*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>placatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of placating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Puttenham (1589).</i>

<h1>Place</h1>
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<hw>Place</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>platea</ets> a street, an area, a courtyard, from Gr. <grk>platei^a</grk> a street, properly fem. of <grk>platy`s</grk>, flat, broad; akin to Skr. <ets>p&rsdot;thu</ets>, Lith. <ets>platus</ets>. Cf. <er>Flawn</er>, <er>Piazza</er>, <er>Plate</er>, <er>Plaza</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any portion of space regarded as measured off or distinct from all other space, or appropriated to some definite object or use; position; ground; site; spot; rarely, unbounded space.</def>

<blockquote>Here is the <b>place</b> appointed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What <b>place</b> can be for us
Within heaven's bound?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The word <b>place</b> has sometimes a more confused sense, and stands for that space which any body takes up; and so the universe is a <b>place</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A broad way in a city; an open space; an area; a court or short part of a street open only at one end.</def> "Hangman boys in the market <i>place</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A position which is occupied and held; a dwelling; a mansion; a village, town, or city; a fortified town or post; a stronghold; a region or country.</def>

<blockquote>Are you native of this <b>place</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Rank; degree; grade; order of priority, advancement, dignity, or importance; especially, social rank or position; condition; also, official station; occupation; calling.</def> "The enervating magic of <i>place</i>."

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<blockquote>Men in great <b>place</b> are thrice servants.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I know my <b>place</b> as I would they should do theirs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Vacated or relinquished space; room; stead (the departure or removal of another being or thing being implied).</def> "In <i>place</i> of Lord Bassanio."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A definite position or passage of a document.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>place</b> of the scripture which he read was this.
<i>Acts viii. 32.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Ordinal relation; position in the order of proceeding; <as>as, he said in the first <ex>place</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Reception; effect; -- implying the making room for.</def>

<blockquote>My word hath no <b>place</b> in you.
<i>John viii. 37.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Position in the heavens, as of a heavenly body; -- usually defined by its right ascension and declination, or by its latitude and longitude.</def>

<cs><col>Place of arms</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a place calculated for the rendezvous of men in arms, etc., as a fort which affords a safe retreat for hospitals, magazines, etc. <i>Wilhelm</i>.</cd> -- <col>High place</col> <fld>(Script.)</fld>, <cd>a mount on which sacrifices were offered. "Him that offereth in the <i>high place<i>." <i>Jer. xlviii. 35</i>.</cd> -- <col>In place</col>, <cd>in proper position; timely.</cd> -- <col>Out of place</col>, <cd>inappropriate; ill-timed; as, his remarks were <i>out of place<i>.</cd> -- <col>Place kick</col> <fld>(Football)</fld>, <cd>the act of kicking the ball after it has been placed on the ground.</cd> -- <col>Place name</col>, <cd>the name of a place or locality. <i>London Academy</i>.</cd> -- <col>To give place</col>, <cd>to make room; to yield; to give way; to give advantage. "Neither <i>give place<i> to the devil." <i>Eph. iv. 27</i>. "Let all the rest <i>give place<i>." <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>To have place</col>, <cd>to have a station, room, or seat; as, such desires can <i>have<i> no <i>place<i> in a good heart.</cd> -- <col>To take place</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To come to pass; to occur; as, the ceremony will not <i>take place<i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To take precedence or priority.</cd> <i>Addison</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To take effect; to prevail.</cd> "If your doctrine <i>takes place<i>." <i>Berkeley</i>. "But none of these excuses would <i>take place<i>." <i>Spenser</i>. -- <col>To take the place of</col>, <cd>to be substituted for.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Situation; seat; abode; position; locality; location; site; spot; office; employment; charge; function; trust; ground; room; stead.</syn>

<h1>Place</h1>
<Xpage=1092>

<hw>Place</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Placed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Placing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>placer</ets>. See <er>Place</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To assign a place to; to put in a particular spot or place, or in a certain relative position; to direct to a particular place; to fix; to settle; to locate; <as>as, to <ex>place</ex> a book on a shelf; to <ex>place</ex> balls in tennis.</as></def>

<blockquote>Upon my head they <b>placed</b> a fruitless crown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put or set in a particular rank, office, or position; to surround with particular circumstances or relations in life; to appoint to certain station or condition of life; <as>as, in whatever sphere one is <ex>placed</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Place</b> such over them to be rulers.
<i>Ex. xviii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To put out at interest; to invest; to loan; <as>as, to <ex>place</ex> money in a bank</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To set; to fix; to repose; <as>as, to <ex>place</ex> confidence in a friend</as>.</def> "My resolution 's <i>placed</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To attribute; to ascribe; to set down.</def>

<blockquote><b>Place</b> it for her chief virtue.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To place</col><cd> (a person), to identify him. <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Put</er>.</syn>

<h1>Placebo</h1>
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<hw>Pla*ce"bo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., I shall please, fut. of <ets>placere</ets> to please.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The first antiphon of the vespers for the dead.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A prescription intended to humor or satisfy.</def>

<cs><col>To sing placebo</col>, <cd>to agree with one in his opinion; to be complaisant to.</cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<-- placebo effect -->

<h1>Placeful</h1>
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<hw>Place"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>In the appointed place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Placeless</h1>
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<hw>Place"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no place or office.</def>

<h1>Placeman</h1>
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<hw>Place"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Placemen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who holds or occupies a place; one who has office under government.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Placement</h1>
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<hw>Place"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>placement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of placing, or the state of being placed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Position; place.</def>

<h1>Placenta</h1>
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<hw>Pla*cen"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Placent\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Placentas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a cake, Gr. <?/ a flat cake, from <?/ flat, fr. <?/, <?/, anything flat and broad.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The vascular appendage which connects the fetus with the parent, and is cast off in parturition with the afterbirth.</def>

<note>&hand; In most mammals the placenta is principally developed from the allantois and chorion, and tufts of vascular villi on its surface penetrate the blood vessels of the parental uterus, and thus establish a nutritive and excretory connection between the blood of the fetus and that of the parent, though the blood itself does not flow from one to the other.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The part of a pistil or fruit to which the ovules or seeds are attached.</def>

<h1>Placental</h1>
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<hw>Pla*cen"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the placenta; having, or characterized by having, a placenta; <as>as, a <ex>placental</ex> mammal</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Placentalia.</def>

<h1>Placental</h1>
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<hw>Pla*cen"tal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Placentalia.</def>

<hr>
<page="1093">
Page 1093<p>

<h1>Placentalia</h1>
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<hw>Plac`en*ta"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Mammalia including those that have a placenta, or all the orders above the marsupials.</def>

<h1>Placentary</h1>
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<hw>Pla*cen"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having reference to the placenta; <as>as, the <ex>placentary</ex> system of classification</as>.</def>

<h1>Placentation</h1>
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<hw>Plac`en*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The mode of formation of the placenta in different animals; <as>as, the <ex>placentation</ex> of mammals</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The mode in which the placenta is arranged or composed; <as>as, axile <ex>placentation</ex>; parietal <ex>placentation</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Placentiferous</h1>
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<hw>Plac`en*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Placenta</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having or producing a placenta.</def>

<h1>Placentiform</h1>
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<hw>Pla*cen"ti*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Placenta</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the shape of a placenta, or circular thickened disk somewhat thinner about the middle.</def>

<h1>Placentious</h1>
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<hw>Pla*cen"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Please</er>.]</ety> <def>Pleasing; amiable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>placentious</i> person."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Place-proud</h1>
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<hw>Place"-proud`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Proud of rank or office.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Placer</h1>
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<hw>Pla"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who places or sets.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Placer</h1>
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<hw>Plac"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A deposit of earth, sand, or gravel, containing valuable mineral in particles, especially by the side of a river, or in the bed of a mountain torrent.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Placet</h1>
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<hw>Pla"cet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>placet</ets> it pleases.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A vote of assent, as of the governing body of a university, of an ecclesiastical council, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The assent of the civil power to the promulgation of an ecclesiastical ordinance.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<blockquote>The king . . . annulled the royal <b>placet</b>.
<i>J. P. Peters.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Placid</h1>
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<hw>Plac"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>placidus</ets>, originally, pleasing, mild, from <ets>placere</ets> to please: cf. F. <ets>placide</ets>. See <er>Please</er>.]</ety> <def>Pleased; contented; unruffied; undisturbed; serene; peaceful; tranquil; quiet; gentle.</def> "That <i>placid</i> aspect and meek regard." <i>Milton</i>. "Sleeping . . . the <i>placid</i> sleep of infancy."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Placidity</h1>
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<hw>Pla*cid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>placiditas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>placidit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being placid; calmness; serenity.</def>

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<h1>Placidly</h1>
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<hw>Plac"id*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a placid manner.</def>

<h1>Placidness</h1>
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<hw>Plac"id*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being placid.</def>

<h1>Placit</h1>
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<hw>Plac"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>placitum</ets>. See <er>Plea</er>.]</ety> <def>A decree or determination; a dictum.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>placits</i> and opinions of other philosophers."

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Placitory</h1>
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<hw>Plac"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Placit</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to pleas or pleading, in courts of law.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Clayton.</i>

<h1>Placitum</h1>
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<hw>Plac"i*tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Placita</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. See <er>Placit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A public court or assembly in the Middle Ages, over which the sovereign president when a consultation was held upon affairs of state.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A court, or cause in court.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A plea; a pleading; a judicial proceeding; a suit.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Plack</h1>
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<hw>Plack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>plaque</ets> a plate of metal. Cf. <er>Plaque</er>.]</ety> <def>A small copper coin formerly current in Scotland, worth less than a cent.</def>

<blockquote>With not a <b>plack</b> in the pocket of the poet.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Placket</h1>
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<hw>Plack"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>plaquer</ets> to lay or clap on. See <er>Placard</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A petticoat, esp. an under petticoat; hence, a cant term for a woman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The opening or slit left in a petticoat or skirt for convenience in putting it on; -- called also <altname>placket hole</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A woman's pocket.</def>

<h1>Placoderm</h1>
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<hw>Plac"o*derm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, tablet + <?/ skin.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>One of the Placodermi.</def>

<h1>Placodermal</h1>
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<hw>Plac`o*der"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the placoderms; like the placoderms.</def>

<h1>Placodermata</h1>
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<hw>Plac`o*der"ma*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Placodermi</er>.</def>

<h1>Placodermi</h1>
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<hw>Plac`o*der"mi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a tablet + <?/ skin.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct group of fishes, supposed to be ganoids. The body and head were covered with large bony plates. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Pterichthys</er>, and <er>Coccosteus</er>.</def>

<h1>Placoganoid</h1>
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<hw>Plac`o*ga"noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Placoganoidei.</def>

<h1>Placoganoidei</h1>
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<hw>Plac`o*ga*noi"de*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a tablet + NL. <ets>ganoidei</ets>. See <er>Ganoidei</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of ganoid fishes including those that have large external bony plates and a cartilaginous skeleton.</def>

<h1>Placoid</h1>
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<hw>Plac"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a tablet + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Platelike; having irregular, platelike, bony scales, often bearing spines; pertaining to the placoids.</def>

<h1>Placoid</h1>
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<hw>Plac"oid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any fish having placoid scales, as the sharks.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the Placoides.</def>

<h1>Placoides</h1>
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<hw>Pla*coi"des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of fishes including the sharks and rays; the Elasmobranchii; -- called also <altname>Placoidei</altname>.</def>

<h1>Placoidian</h1>
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<hw>Pla*coid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the placoids.</def>

<h1>Placophora</h1>
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<hw>Pla*coph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, <?/, tablet + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of gastropod Mollusca, including the chitons. The back is covered by eight shelly plates. Called also <altname><spn>Polyplacophora</spn></altname>. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Chiton</er>, and <er>Isopleura</er>.</def>

<h1>Plaga</h1>
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<hw>Pla"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Plag\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>pl\'bega</ets> a blow, a welt, a stripe.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A stripe of color.</def>

<h1>Plagal</h1>
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<hw>Pla"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., from Gr. <?/ sidewise, slanting.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Having a scale running from the dominant to its octave; -- said of certain old church modes or tunes, as opposed to those called <i>authentic</i>, which ran from the tonic to its octave.</def>

<cs><col>Plagal cadence</col>, <cd>a cadence in which the final chord on the tonic is preceded by the chord on the subdominant.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plagate</h1>
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<hw>Pla"gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having plag\'91, or irregular enlongated color spots.</def>

<h1>Plage</h1>
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<hw>Plage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>plaga</ets>.]</ety> <def>A region; country.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>plages</i> of the north."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Plagiarism</h1>
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<hw>Pla"gia*rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>plagiarisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of plagiarizing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which plagiarized.</def>

<h1>Plagiarist</h1>
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<hw>Pla"gia*rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who plagiarizes; or purloins the words, writings, or ideas of another, and passes them off as his own; a literary thief; a plagiary.</def>

<h1>Plagiarize</h1>
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<hw>Pla"gia*rize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plagiarized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Plagiarizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To steal or purloin from the writings of another; to appropriate without due acknowledgement (the ideas or expressions of another).</def>

<h1>Plagiary</h1>
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<hw>Pla"gia*ry</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To commit plagiarism.</def>

<h1>Plagiary</h1>
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<hw>Pla"gia*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Plagiaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>plagiarius</ets> a kidnaper, a literary thief, fr. <ets>plagium</ets> kidnaping; cf. <ets>plaga</ets> a net, perh. akin to E. <ets>plait</ets>: cf. F. <ets>plagiaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A manstealer; a kidnaper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who purloins another's expressions or ideas, and offers them as his own; a plagiarist.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Plagiarism; literary thief.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Plagiary</h1>
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<hw>Pla"gia*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Kidnaping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Practicing plagiarism.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Plagihedral</h1>
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<hw>Pla`gi*he"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ oblique + <?/ base, seat.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Having an oblique spiral arrangement of planes, as levogyrate and dextrogyrate crystals.</def>

<h1>Plagiocephalic</h1>
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<hw>Pla`gi*o*ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ oblique + <?/ the head.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having an oblique lateral deformity of the skull.</def>

<h1>Plagiocephaly</h1>
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<hw>Pla`gi*o*ceph"a*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Oblique lateral deformity of the skull.</def>

<h1>Plagioclase</h1>
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<hw>Pla"gi*o*clase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ oblique + <?/ to break.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A general term used of any triclinic feldspar. See the Note under <er>Feldspar</er>.</def>

<h1>Plagionite</h1>
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<hw>Pla"gi*o*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ oblique. So called in allusion to its usually oblique crystallization.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A sulphide of lead and antimony, of a blackish lead-gray color and metallic luster.</def>

<h1>Plagiostomatous</h1>
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<hw>Pla`gi*o*stom"a*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Plagiostomous</er>.</def>

<h1>Plagiostome</h1>
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<hw>Pla"gi*o*stome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Plagiostomi.</def>

<h1>Plagiostomi</h1>
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<hw>Pla`gi*os"to*mi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ slanting + <?/, <?/, mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes including the sharks and rays; -- called also <altname><spn>Plagiostomata</spn></altname>.</def>

<h1>Plagiostomous</h1>
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<hw>Pla`gi*os"to*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Plagiostomi.</def>

<h1>Plagiotremata</h1>
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<hw>Pla`gi*o*trem"a*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ slanting + <?/, <?/, a hole.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Lepidosauria</er>.</def>

<h1>Plagiotropic</h1>
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<hw>Pla`gi*o*trop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ aslant + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the longer axis inclined away from the vertical line.</def>

<h1>Plagium</h1>
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<hw>Pla"gi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>Manstealing; kidnaping.</def>

<h1>Plagose</h1>
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<hw>Pla*gose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plagosus</ets>. See <er>Plague</er>.]</ety> <def>Fond of flogging; <as>as, a <ex>plagose</ex> master</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Plague</h1>
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<hw>Plague</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plaga</ets> a blow, stroke, plague; akin to Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to strike; cf. L. <ets>plangere</ets> to strike, beat. Cf. <er>Plaint</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which smites, wounds, or troubles; a blow; a calamity; any afflictive evil or torment; a great trail or vexation.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>And men blasphemed God for the <b>plague</b> of hail.
<i>Wyclif.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The different <b>plague</b> of each calamity.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An acute malignant contagious fever, that often prevails in Egypt, Syria, and Turkey, and has at times visited the large cities of Europe with frightful mortality; hence, any pestilence; <as>as, the great London <ex>plague</ex></as>.</def> "A <i>plague</i> upon the people fell."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<cs><col>Cattle plague</col>. <cd>See <er>Rinderpest</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Plague mark</col>, <col>Plague spot</col></mcol>, <cd>a spot or mark of the plague; hence, a token of something incurable.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plague</h1>
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<hw>Plague</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plagued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Plaguing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To infest or afflict with disease, calamity, or natural evil of any kind.</def>

<blockquote>Thus were they <b>plagued</b>
And worn with famine.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To vex; to tease; to harass.</def>

<blockquote>She will <b>plague</b> the man that loves her most.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To vex; torment; distress; afflict; harass; annoy; tease; tantalize; trouble; molest; embarrass; perplex.</syn>

<h1>Plagueful</h1>
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<hw>Plague"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding, or infecting, with plagues; pestilential; <as>as, <ex>plagueful</ex> exhalations</as>.</def>

<h1>Plagueless</h1>
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<hw>Plague"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Free from plagues or the plague.</def>

<h1>Plaguer</h1>
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<hw>Pla"guer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who plagues or annoys.</def>

<h1>Plaguily</h1>
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<hw>Pla"gui*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a plaguing manner; vexatiously; extremely.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "Ronsard is so <i>plaguily</i> stiff and stately."

<i>Landor.</i>

<h1>Plaguy</h1>
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<hw>Pla"guy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Vexatious; troublesome; tormenting; <as>as, a <ex>plaguy</ex> horse</as>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> Also used adverbially; <as>as, "He is so <ex>plaguy</ex> proud</as>."</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Plaice</h1>
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<hw>Plaice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>plaise</ets>, <ets>plais</ets>, prob. fr. L. <ets>platessa</ets> flatish, plaice. See <er>Place</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A European food fish (<spn>Pleuronectes platessa</spn>), allied to the flounder, and growing to the weight of eight or ten pounds or more.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def> A large American flounder (<spn>Paralichthys dentatus</spn>; called also <altname>brail</altname>, <altname>puckermouth</altname>, and <altname>summer flounder</altname>. The name is sometimes applied to other allied species.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>plaise</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Plaice mouth</col>, <cd>a mouth like that of a plaice; a small or wry mouth.</cd> <mark>[R.]</mark></cs>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Plaid</h1>
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<hw>Plaid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>plaide</ets> a blanket or plaid, contr. fr. <ets>peallaid</ets> a sheepskin, fr. <ets>peall</ets> a skin or hide. CF. <er>Pillion</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rectangular garment or piece of cloth, usually made of the checkered material called tartan, but sometimes of plain gray, or gray with black stripes. It is worn by both sexes in Scotland.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Goods of any quality or material of the pattern of a plaid or tartan; a checkered cloth or pattern.</def>

<h1>Plaid</h1>
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<hw>Plaid</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a pattern or colors which resemble a Scotch plaid; checkered or marked with bars or stripes at right angles to one another; <as>as, <ex>plaid</ex> muslin</as>.</def>

<h1>Plaided</h1>
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<hw>Plaid"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of the material of which plaids are made; tartan.</def> "In <i>plaided</i> vest."

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wearing a plaid.</def>

<i>Campbell.</i>

<h1>Plaiding</h1>
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<hw>Plaid"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Plaid cloth.</def>

<h1>Plain</h1>
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<hw>Plain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>playne</ets>, <ets>pleyne</ets>, fr. F. <ets>plaindre</ets>. See <er>Plaint</er>.]</ety> <def>To lament; to bewail; to complain.</def> <mark>[Archaic & Poetic]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>We with piteous heart unto you <b>pleyne</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plain</h1>
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<hw>Plain</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lament; to mourn over; <as>as, to <ex>plain</ex> a loss</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic & Poetic]</mark>

<i>Sir J. Harrington.</i>

<h1>Plain</h1>
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<hw>Plain</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Plainer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Plainest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F., level, flat, fr. L. <ets>planus</ets>, perhaps akin to E. <ets>floor</ets>. Cf. <er>Llano</er>, <er>Piano</er>, <er>Plan</er>, <er>Plane</er> level, a level surface.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Without elevations or depressions; flat; level; smooth; even. See <er>Plane</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places <b>plain</b>.
<i>Isa. xl. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Open; clear; unencumbered; equal; fair.</def>

<blockquote>Our troops beat an army in <b>plain</b> fight.
<i>Felton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not intricate or difficult; evident; manifest; obvious; clear; unmistakable.</def> "'T is a <i>plain</i> case."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Void of extraneous beauty or ornament; without conspicious embellishment; not rich; simple.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not highly cultivated; unsophisticated; free from show or pretension; simple; natural; homely; common.</def> "<i>Plain</i> yet pious Christians." <i>Hammond</i>. "The <i>plain</i> people." <i>A. Lincoln</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Free from affectation or disguise; candid; sincere; artless; honest; frank.</def> "An honest mind, and <i>plain</i>." <i>Shak.</i> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Not luxurious; not highly seasoned; simple; <as>as, <ex>plain</ex> food</as>.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Without beauty; not handsome; homely; <as>as, a <ex>plain</ex> woman</as>.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>Not variegated, dyed, or figured; <as>as, <ex>plain</ex> muslin</as>.</def> <sd>(g)</sd> <def>Not much varied by modulations; <as>as, a <ex>plain</ex> tune</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Plain battle</col>, <cd>open battle; pitched battle. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>Plain chant</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Plain song</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Plain chart</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a chart laid down on Mercator's projection.</cd> -- <col>Plain dealer</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>One who practices plain dealing</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A simpleton</cd>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak</i>.</cd> -- <col>Plain dealing</col>. <cd>See under <er>Dealing</er>.</cd> -- <col>Plain molding</col> <fld>(Join.)</fld>, <cd>molding of which the surfaces are plain figures.</cd> -- <col>Plain sewing</col>, <cd>sewing of seams by simple and common stitches, in distinct from fancy work, embroidery, etc.; -- distinguished also from designing and fitting garments.</cd> -- <col>Plain song</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The Gregorian chant, or <altname>canto fermo</altname>; the prescribed melody of the Roman Catholic service, sung in unison, in tones of equal length, and rarely extending beyond the compass of an octave</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A simple melody.</cd> -- <col>Plain speaking</col>, <cd>plainness or bluntness of speech.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Level; flat; smooth; open; artless; unaffected; undisguised; frank; sincere; honest; candid; ingenuous; unembellished; downright; blunt; clear; simple; distinct; manifest; obvious; apparent. See <er>Manifest</er>.</syn>

<h1>Plain</h1>
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<hw>Plain</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a plain manner; plainly.</def> "To speak short and <i>pleyn</i>." <i>Chaucer</i>. "To tell you <i>plain</i>." <i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Plain</h1>
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<hw>Plain</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>plaigne</ets>, F. <ets>plaine</ets>. See <er>Plain</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Level land; usually, an open field or a broad stretch of land with an even surface, or a surface little varied by inequalities; <as>as, the <ex>plain</ex> of Jordan; the American <ex>plains</ex>, or prairies.</as></def>

<blockquote>Descending fro the mountain into <b>playn</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Him the Ammonite
Worshiped in Rabba and her watery <b>plain</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A field of battle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<blockquote>Lead forth my soldiers to the <b>plain</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plain</h1>
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<hw>Plain</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plained</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Plaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Plane</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To plane or level; to make plain or even on the surface</def>. <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>We would rake Europe rather, <b>plain</b> the East.
<i>Wither.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make plain or manifest; to explain.</def>

<blockquote>What's dumb in show, I'll <b>plain</b> in speech.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plainant</h1>
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<hw>Plain"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Plain</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who makes complaint; the plaintiff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Plain-dealing</h1>
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<hw>Plain"-deal`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Practicing plain dealing; artless. See <cref>Plain dealing</cref>, under <er>Dealing</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Plain-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Plain"-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Frank; sincere; artless.</def> <i>Milton</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Plain"-heart`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Plaining</h1>
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<hw>Plain"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Complaint.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Plaining</h1>
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<hw>Plain"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Complaining.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Bryant.</i>

<h1>Plain-laid</h1>
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<hw>Plain"-laid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Consisting of strands twisted together in the ordinary way; <as>as, a <ex>plain-laid</ex> rope</as>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Cordage</er>.</def>

<h1>Plainly</h1>
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<hw>Plain"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a plain manner; clearly.</def>

<h1>Plainness</h1>
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<hw>Plain"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being plain.</def>

<h1>Plainsman</h1>
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<hw>Plains"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-men</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who lives in the plains.</def>

<h1>Plain-spoken</h1>
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<hw>Plain"-spo`ken</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Speaking with plain, unreserved sincerity; also, spoken sincerely; <as>as, <ex>plain-spoken</ex> words</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Plaint</h1>
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<hw>Plaint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>plainte</ets>, <ets>pleynte</ets>, F. <ets>plainte</ets>, fr. L. <ets>plangere</ets>, <ets>planctum</ets> (<ets>plancta</ets>, fem. p.p.), to beat, beat the breast, lament. Cf. <er>Complain</er>, <er>Plague</er>, <er>Plangent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Audible expression of sorrow; lamentation; complaint; hence, a mournful song; a lament.</def> <i>Chaucer</i>."The Psalmist's mournful <i>plaint</i>." <i>Wordsworth</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An accusation or protest on account of an injury.</def>

<blockquote>There are three just grounds of war with Spain: one of <b>plaint</b>, two upon defense.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A private memorial tendered to a court, in which a person sets forth his cause of action; the exhibiting of an action in writing.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<hr>
<page="1094">
Page 1094<p>

<h1>Plaintful</h1>
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<hw>Plaint"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing a plaint; complaining; expressing sorrow with an audible voice.</def> "My <i>plaintful</i> tongue."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Plaintiff</h1>
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<hw>Plain"tiff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>plaintif</ets> making complaint, plaintive; in Old French equiv. to <ets>plaignant</ets> complainant, prosecutor, fr. <ets>plaindre</ets>. See <er>Plaint</er>, and cf. <er>Plaintive</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who commences a personal action or suit to obtain a remedy for an injury to his rights; -- opposed to <ant>defendant</ant>.</def>

<h1>Plaintiff</h1>
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<hw>Plain"tiff</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Plaintive</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Plaintive</h1>
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<hw>Plain"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>plaintif</ets>. See <er>Plaintiff</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Repining; complaining; lamenting.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressive of sorrow or melancholy; mournful; sad.</def> "The most <i>plaintive</i> ditty."

<i>Landor.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Plain"tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Plain"tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Plaintless</h1>
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<hw>Plaint"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without complaint; unrepining.</def> "<i>Plaintless</i> patience."

<i>Savage.</i>

<h1>Plaisance</h1>
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<hw>Plai`sance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Pleasance</er>.</def>

<h1>Plaise</h1>
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<hw>Plaise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Plaice</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Plaister</h1>
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<hw>Plais"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>See <er>Plaster</er>.</def>

<h1>Plait</h1>
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<hw>Plait</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>playte</ets>, OF. <ets>pleit</ets>, L. <ets>plicatum</ets>, <ets>plicitum</ets>, p.p. of <ets>plicare</ets> to fold, akin to <ets>plectere</ets> to plait. See <er>Ply</er>, and cf. <er>Plat</er> to weave, <er>Pleat</er>, <er>Plight</er> fold.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A flat fold; a doubling, as of cloth; a pleat; <as>as, a box <ex>plait</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>plaits</b> and foldings of the drapery.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A braid, as of hair or straw; a plat.</def>

<cs><col>Polish plait</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Plica</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plait</h1>
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<hw>Plait</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plaited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Plaiting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fold; to double in narrow folds; to pleat; <as>as, to <ex>plait</ex> a ruffle</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To interweave the strands or locks of; to braid; to plat; <as>as, to <ex>plait</ex> hair; to <ex>plait</ex> rope.</as></def>

<h1>Plaited</h1>
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<hw>Plait"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Folded; doubled over; braided; figuratively, involved; intricate; artful.</def>

<blockquote>Time shall unfold what <b>plaited</b> cunning hides.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plaiter</h1>
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<hw>Plait"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, plaits.</def>

<h1>Plan</h1>
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<hw>Plan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>planus</ets> flat, level. See <er>Plain</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A draught or form; properly, a representation drawn on a plane, as a map or a chart; especially, a top view, as of a machine, or the representation or delineation of a horizontal section of anything, as of a building; a graphic representation; a diagram.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A scheme devised; a method of action or procedure expressed or described in language; a project; <as>as, the <ex>plan</ex> of a constitution; the <ex>plan</ex> of an expedition.</as></def>

<blockquote>God's <b>plans</b> like lines pure and white unfold.
<i>M. R. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A method; a way of procedure; a custom.</def>

<blockquote>The simple <b>plan</b>,
That they should take who have the power,
And they should keep who can.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Body plan</col>, <col>Floor plan</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Body</er>, <er>Floor</er>, etc.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Scheme; draught; delineation; plot; sketch; project; design; contrivance; device. See <er>Scheme</er>.</syn>

<h1>Plan</h1>
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<hw>Plan</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Planned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Planning</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form a delineation of; to draught; to represent, as by a diagram.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To scheme; to devise; to contrive; to form in design; <as>as, to <ex>plan</ex> the conquest of a country</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Even in penance, <b>planning</b> sins anew.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Planaria</h1>
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<hw>Pla*na"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Planari\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>-rias</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Planary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of turbellarian worms belonging to <spn>Planaria</spn>, and many allied genera. The body is usually flat, thin, and smooth. Some species, in warm countries, are terrestrial.</def>

<h1>Planarian</h1>
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<hw>Pla*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Planarida, or Dendroc\'d2la; any turbellarian worm.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pla*na"ri*an</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Planarida</h1>
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<hw>Pla*nar"i*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Turbellaria; the Dendroc\'d2la.</def>

<h1>Planarioid</h1>
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<hw>Pla*na"ri*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Planaria</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like the planarians.</def>

<h1>Planary</h1>
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<hw>Pla"na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>planarius</ets> level. See <er>Plane</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a plane.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Planch</h1>
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<hw>Planch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>planche</ets>.]</ety> <def>A plank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ld. Berners.</i>

<h1>Planch</h1>
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<hw>Planch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Planched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Planching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>planche</ets> a board, plank. See <er>Plank</er>.]</ety> <def>To make or cover with planks or boards; to plank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To that vineyard is a <i>planched</i> gate."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Plancher</h1>
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<hw>Planch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., <ets>planche</ets>. See <er>Planch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A floor of wood; also, a plank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The under side of a cornice; a soffit.</def>

<h1>Plancher</h1>
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<hw>Planch"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To form of planks.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Golding.</i>

<h1>Planchet</h1>
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<hw>Planch"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>planchette</ets> a small board, dim. of <ets>planche</ets>. See <er>Planch</er>.]</ety> <def>A flat piece of metal; especially, a disk of metal ready to be stamped as a coin.</def>

<h1>Planchette</h1>
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<hw>Plan`chette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Planchet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A circumferentor. See <er>Circumferentor</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small tablet of wood supported on casters and having a pencil attached. The characters produced by the pencil on paper, while the hand rests on the instrument and it is allowed to move, are sometimes translated as of oracular or supernatural import.</def>

<h1>Planching</h1>
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<hw>Planch"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The laying of floors in a building; also, a floor of boards or planks.</def>

<h1>Plane</h1>
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<hw>Plane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>platanus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ broad; -- so called on account of its broad leaves and spreading form. See <er>Place</er>, and cf. <er>Platane</er>, <er>Plantain</er> the tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any tree of the genus Platanus.</def>

<note>&hand; The Oriental plane (<spn>Platanus orientalis</spn>) is a native of Asia. It rises with a straight, smooth, branching stem to a great height, with palmated leaves, and long pendulous peduncles, sustaining several heads of small close-sitting flowers. The seeds are downy, and collected into round, rough, hard balls. The Occidental plane (<spn>Platanus occidentalis</spn>), which grows to a great height, is a native of North America, where it is popularly called <i>sycamore</i>, <i>buttonwood</i>, and <i>buttonball</i>, names also applied to the California species (<spn>Platanus racemosa</spn>).</note>

<h1>Plane</h1>
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<hw>Plane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>planus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>plan</ets>. See <er>Plan</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Without elevations or depressions; even; level; flat; lying in, or constituting, a plane; <as>as, a <ex>plane</ex> surface</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; In science, this word (instead of <i>plain</i>) is almost exclusively used to designate a flat or level surface.</note>

<cs><col>Plane angle</col>, <cd>the angle included between two straight lines in a plane.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Plane chart</col>, <col>Plane curve</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Chart</er> and <er>Curve</er>.</cd> -- <col>Plane figure</col>, <cd>a figure all points of which lie in the same plane. If bounded by straight lines it is a <i>rectilinear plane figure<i>, if by curved lines it is a <i>curvilinear plane figure<i>.</cd> -- <col>Plane geometry</col>, <cd>that part of geometry which treats of the relations and properties of plane figures.</cd> -- <col>Plane problem</col>, <cd>a problem which can be solved geometrically by the aid of the right line and circle only.</cd> -- <col>Plane sailing</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the method of computing a ship's place and course on the supposition that the earth's surface is a plane.</cd> -- <col>Plane scale</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a scale for the use of navigators, on which are graduated chords, sines, tangents, secants, rhumbs, geographical miles, etc.</cd> -- <col>Plane surveying</col>, <cd>surveying in which the curvature of the earth is disregarded; ordinary field and topographical surveying of tracts of moderate extent.</cd> -- <col>Plane table</col>, <cd>an instrument used for plotting the lines of a survey on paper in the field.</cd> -- <col>Plane trigonometry</col>, <cd>the branch of trigonometry in which its principles are applied to plane triangles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plane</h1>
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<hw>Plane</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>plane</ets>, L. <ets>plana</ets>. See <er>Plane</er>, <tt>v.</tt> & <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A surface, real or imaginary, in which, if any two points are taken, the straight line which joins them lies wholly in that surface; or a surface, any section of which by a like surface is a straight line; a surface without curvature.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An ideal surface, conceived as coinciding with, or containing, some designated astronomical line, circle, or other curve; <as>as, the <ex>plane</ex> of an orbit; the <ex>plane</ex> of the ecliptic, or of the equator.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A block or plate having a perfectly flat surface, used as a standard of flatness; a surface plate.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Joinery)</fld> <def>A tool for smoothing boards or other surfaces of wood, for forming moldings, etc. It consists of a smooth-soled stock, usually of wood, from the under side or face of which projects slightly the steel cutting edge of a chisel, called the <i>iron</i>, which inclines backward, with an apperture in front for the escape of shavings; <as>as, the jack <ex>plane</ex>; the smoothing <ex>plane</ex>; the molding <ex>plane</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<cs><col>Objective plane</col> <fld>(Surv.)</fld>, <cd>the horizontal plane upon which the object which is to be delineated, or whose place is to be determined, is supposed to stand.</cd> -- <col>Perspective plane</col>. <cd>See <er>Perspective</er>.</cd> -- <col>Plane at infinity</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a plane in which points infinitely distant are conceived as situated.</cd> -- <col>Plane iron</col>, <cd>the cutting chisel of a joiner's plane.</cd> -- <col>Plane of polarization</col>. <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Polarization</er>.</cd> -- <col>Plane of projection</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The plane on which the projection is made, corresponding to the <i>perspective plane<i> in perspective; -- called also <i>principal plane<i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Descriptive Geom.)</fld> <cd>One of the planes to which points are referred for the purpose of determining their relative position in space.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Plane of refraction</col> &or; <col>reflection</col></mcol> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the plane in which lie both the incident ray and the refracted or reflected ray.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plane</h1>
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<hw>Plane</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Planed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Planing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>planer</ets>, L. <ets>planare</ets>, fr. <ets>planus</ets>. See <er>Plane</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Plain</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Planish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make smooth; to level; to pare off the inequalities of the surface of, as of a board or other piece of wood, by the use of a plane; <as>as, to <ex>plane</ex> a plank</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To efface or remove.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>planed</b> away the names . . . written on his tables.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Figuratively, to make plain or smooth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>What student came but that you <b>planed</b> her path.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plane-parallel</h1>
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<hw>Plane`-par"al*lel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Optics)</fld> <def>Having opposite surfaces exactly plane and parallel, as a piece of glass.</def>

<h1>Planer</h1>
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<hw>Plan"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, planes; a planing machine; esp., a machine for planing wood or metals.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A wooden block used for forcing down the type in a form, and making the surface even.</def>

<i>Hansard.</i>

<cs><col>Planer centers</col>. <cd>See under <er>Center</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Planer tree</h1>
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<hw>Plan"er tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From J.S.<ets>Planer</ets>, a German botanist.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small-leaved North American tree (<spn>Planera aquatica</spn>) related to the elm, but having a wingless, nutlike fruit.</def>

<h1>Planet</h1>
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<hw>Plan"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>planete</ets>, F. <ets>plan\'8ate</ets>, L. <ets>planeta</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, and <?/ a planet; prop. wandering, fr. <?/ to wander, fr. <?/ a wandering.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A celestial body which revolves about the sun in an orbit of a moderate degree of eccentricity. It is distinguished from a <i>comet</i> by the absence of a coma, and by having a less eccentric orbit. See <er>Solar system</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The term <i>planet</i> was first used to distinguish those stars which have an apparent motion through the constellations from the <i>fixed</i> stars, which retain their relative places unchanged. The <i>inferior planets</i> are Mercury and Venus, which are nearer to the sun than is the earth; the <i>superior planets</i> are Mars, the asteroids, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, which are farther from the sun than is the earth. <i>Primary planets</i> are those which revolve about the sun; <i>secondary planets</i>, or <i>moons</i>, are those which revolve around the primary planets as satellites, and at the same time revolve with them about the sun.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A star, as influencing the fate of a men.</def>

<blockquote>There's some ill <b>planet</b> reigns.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Planet gear</col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Epicyclic train</cref>, under <er>Epicyclic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Planet wheel</col>, <cd>a gear wheel which revolves around the wheel with which it meshes, in an epicyclic train.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plane table</h1>
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<hw>Plane" ta`ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See under <er>Plane</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Planetarium</h1>
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<hw>Plan`e*ta"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.: cf. F. <ets>plan\'82taire</ets>. See <er>Planetary</er>.]</ety> <def>An orrery. See <er>Orrery</er>.</def>
<-- since the 1930's, orrery has retained its original meaning, but planetarium now refers primarily to a room with a dome-shaped roof, in which images of the night sky are projected from a central projector.  The projector itself is also called a planetarium. -->

<h1>Planetary</h1>
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<hw>Plan"et*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>planetarius</ets> an astrologer, F. <ets>plan\'82taire</ets> planetary. See <er>Planet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the planets; <as>as, <ex>planetary</ex> inhabitants; <ex>planetary</ex> motions; <ex>planetary</ex> year.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of planets; <as>as, a <ex>planetary</ex> system</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>Under the dominion or influence of a planet.</def> "Skilled in the <i>planetary</i> hours."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Caused by planets.</def> "A <i>planetary</i> plague."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Having the nature of a planet; erratic; revolving; wandering.</def> "Erratical and <i>planetary</i> life."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<cs><col>Planetary days</col>, <cd>the days of the week as shared among the planets known to the ancients, each having its day. <i>Hutton<i>.</cd> -- <col>Planetary nebula</col>, <cd>a nebula exhibiting a uniform disk, like that of a planet.</cd></cs>

<h1>Planeted</h1>
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<hw>Plan"et*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to planets.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Planetic, Planetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pla*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pla*net"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>planeticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to planets.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Planetoid</h1>
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<hw>Plan"et*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Planet</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A body resembling a planet; an asteroid.</def>

<h1>Planetoidal</h1>
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<hw>Plan"et*oid*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a planetoid.</def>

<h1>Plane tree</h1>
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<hw>Plane" tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as 1st <er>Plane</er>.</def>

<h1>Planet-stricken, Planet-struck</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plan"et-strick`en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Plan"et-struck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected by the influence of planets; blasted.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Like <b>planet-stricken</b> men of yore
He trembles, smitten to the core
By strong compunction and remorse.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Planetule</h1>
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<hw>Plan"et*ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little planet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Conybeare.</i>

<h1>Plangency</h1>
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<hw>Plan"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being plangent; a beating sound.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Plangent</h1>
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<hw>Plan"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plangens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, fr. <ets>plangere</ets> to beat. See <er>Plaint</er>.]</ety> <def>Beating; dashing, as a wave.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>plangent</i> wave."

<i>H. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Plani-, Plano-</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plan"i-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Plan"o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>. <ety>[L. <ets>planus</ets>. See <er>Plane</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Combining forms signifying <i>flat</i>, <i>level</i>, <i>plane</i>; as <i>plani</i>folious, <i>plani</i>metry, <i>plano</i>-concave.</def>

<h1>Planifolious</h1>
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<hw>Plan`i*fo"li*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Plani-</ets> + L. <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Flat-leaved.</def>

<h1>Planiform</h1>
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<hw>Plan"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having a plane surface; <as>as, a <ex>planiform</ex>, gliding, or arthrodial articulation</as>.</def>

<h1>Planimeter</h1>
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<hw>Pla*nim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Plani-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>. Cf. <er>Planometer</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the area of any plane figure, however irregular, by passing a tracer around the bounding line; a platometer.</def>

<h1>Planimetric; 277, Planimetrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plan`i*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <hw>Plan`i*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>planim\'82trique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to planimetry.</def>

<h1>Planimetry</h1>
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<hw>Pla*nim"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>planim\'82trie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The mensuration of plane surfaces; -- distinguished from <i>stereometry</i>, or the mensuration of volumes.</def>

<h1>Planing</h1>
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<hw>Plan"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>a. & vb. n.</tt> fr. <er>Plane</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Planing machine</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>See <er>Planer</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A complex machine for planing wood, especially boards, containing usually a rapidly revolving cutter, which chips off the surface in small shavings as the piece to be planed is passed under it by feeding apparatus.</cd></cs>

<h1>Planipennate</h1>
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<hw>Pla`ni*pen"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Planipennia.</def>

<h1>Planipennia</h1>
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<hw>Pla`ni*pen"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>planus</ets> plane + <ets>penna</ets> wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of Neuroptera, including those that have broad, flat wings, as the ant-lion, lacewing, etc. Called also <altname>Planipennes</altname>.</def>

<h1>Planipetalous</h1>
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<hw>Plan`i*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Plani-</ets> + <ets>petal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having flat petals.</def>

<h1>Planish</h1>
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<hw>Plan"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Planished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Planishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>planir</ets>, F. <ets>planer</ets>. See <er>Plane</er>, <tt>v.</tt>, and <er>-ish</er>.]</ety> <def>To make smooth or plane, as a metallic surface; to condense, toughen, and polish by light blows with a hammer.</def>

<h1>Planisher</h1>
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<hw>Plan"ish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, planishes.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Planishing</h1>
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<hw>Plan"ish*ing</hw>, <def><tt>a. & vb. n.</tt> from <er>Planish</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Planishing rolls</col> <fld>(Coining)</fld>, <cd>rolls between which metal strips are passed while cold, to bring them to exactly the required thickness.</cd></cs>

<h1>Planisphere</h1>
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<hw>Plan"i*sphere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Plani-</ets> + <ets>sphere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>planisph\'8are</ets>. See <er>Plain</er>, and <er>Sphere</er>.]</ety> <def>The representation of the circles of the sphere upon a plane; especially, a representation of the celestial sphere upon a plane with adjustable circles, or other appendages, for showing the position of the heavens, the time of rising and setting of stars, etc., for any given date or hour.</def>

<h1>Planispheric</h1>
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<hw>Plan`i*spher"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a planisphere.</def>

<h1>Plank</h1>
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<hw>Plank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>planke</ets>, OF. <ets>planque</ets>, <ets>planche</ets>, F. <ets>planche</ets>, fr. L. <ets>planca</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/, <?/, anything flat and broad. Cf. <er>Planch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A broad piece of sawed timber, differing from a board only in being thicker. See <er>Board</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: That which supports or upholds, as a board does a swimmer.</def>

<blockquote>His charity is a better <b>plank</b> than the faith of an intolerant and bitter-minded bigot.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of the separate articles in a declaration of the principles of a party or cause; <as>as, a <ex>plank</ex> in the national platform</as>.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<cs><mcol><col>Plank road</col>, &or; <col>Plank way</col></mcol>, <cd>a road surface formed of planks.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>To walk the plank</col>, <cd>to walk along a plank laid across the bulwark of a ship, until one overbalances it and falls into the sea; -- a method of disposing of captives practiced by pirates.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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Page 1095<p>

<h1>Plank</h1>
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<hw>Plank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Planked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Planking</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover or lay with planks; <as>as, to <ex>plank</ex> a floor or a ship</as>.</def> "<i>Planked</i> with pine."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lay down, as on a plank or table; to stake or pay cash; <as>as, to <ex>plank</ex> money in a wager</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To harden, as hat bodies, by felting.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Wooden Manuf.)</fld> <def>To splice together the ends of slivers of wool, for subsequent drawing.</def>

<cs><col>Planked shad</col>, <cd>shad split open, fastened to a plank, and roasted before a wood fire.</cd></cs>

<h1>Planking</h1>
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<hw>Plank"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of laying planks; also, planks, collectively; a series of planks in place, as the wooden covering of the frame of a vessel.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of splicing slivers. See <er>Plank</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 4.</def>

<h1>Plank-sheer</h1>
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<hw>Plank"-sheer`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>The course of plank laid horizontally over the timberheads of a vessel's frame.</def>

<h1>Planless</h1>
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<hw>Plan"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no plan.</def>

<h1>Planner</h1>
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<hw>Plan"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who plans; a projector.</def>

<h1>Plano-</h1>
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<hw>Pla"no-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Plani-</er>.</def>

<h1>Planoblast</h1>
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<hw>Plan"o*blast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to wander + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any free-swimming gonophore of a hydroid; a hydroid medusa.</def>

<h1>Plano-concave</h1>
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<hw>Pla"no-con"cave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Plano-</ets> + <ets>concave</ets>.]</ety> <def>Plane or flat on one side, and concave on the other; <as>as, a <ex>plano-concave</ex> lens</as>. See <er>Lens</er>.</def>

<h1>Plano-conical</h1>
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<hw>Pla"no-con"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Plano-</ets> + <ets>conical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Plane or flat on one side, and conical on the other.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Plano-convex</h1>
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<hw>Pla"no-con"vex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Plano-</ets> + <ets>convex</ets>.]</ety> <def>Plane or flat on one side, and convex on the other; <as>as, a <ex>plano-convex</ex> lens</as>. See <er>Convex</er>, and <er>Lens</er>.</def>

<h1>Plano-horizontal</h1>
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<hw>Pla"no-hor`i*zon"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Plano-</ets> + <ets>horizontal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a level horizontal surface or position.</def>

<i>Lee.</i>

<h1>Planometer</h1>
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<hw>Pla*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Plano-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>. Cf. <er>Planimeter</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for gauging or testing a plane surface. See <cref>Surface gauge</cref>, under <er>Surface</er>.</def>

<h1>Planometry</h1>
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<hw>Pla*nom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The art or process of producing or gauging a plane surface.</def>

<h1>Plano-orbicular</h1>
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<hw>Pla"no-or*bic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Plano-</ets> + <ets>orbicular</ets>.]</ety> <def>Plane or flat on one side, and spherical on the other.</def>

<h1>Planorbis</h1>
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<hw>Pla*nor"bis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>planus</ets> flat + <ets>orbis</ets> a circle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any fresh-water air-breathing mollusk belonging to <spn>Planorbis</spn> and other allied genera, having shells of a discoidal form.</def>

<h1>Plano-subulate</h1>
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<hw>Pla"no-su"bu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Plano-</ets> + <ets>subulate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Smooth and awl-shaped. See <er>Subulate</er>.</def>

<h1>Plant</h1>
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<hw>Plant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>plante</ets>, L. <ets>planta</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A vegetable; an organized living being, generally without feeling and voluntary motion, and having, when complete, a root, stem, and leaves, though consisting sometimes only of a single leafy expansion, or a series of cellules, or even a single cellule.</def>

<note>&hand; Plants are divided by their structure and methods of reproduction into two series, <i>ph\'91nogamous</i> or <i>flowering plants</i>, which have true flowers and seeds, and <i>cryptogamous</i> or <i>flowerless plants</i>, which have no flowers, and reproduce by minute one-celled spores. In both series are minute and simple forms and others of great size and complexity.

    As to their mode of nutrition, plants may be considered as <i>self-supporting</i> and <i>dependent</i>. <i>Self-supporting plants</i> always contain chlorophyll, and subsist on air and moisture and the matter dissolved in moisture, and as a general rule they excrete oxygen, and use the carbonic acid to combine with water and form the material for their tissues. <i>Dependent plants</i> comprise all fungi and many flowering plants of a parasitic or saprophytic nature. As a rule, they have no chlorophyll, and subsist mainly or wholly on matter already organized, thus utilizing carbon compounds already existing, and not excreting oxygen. But there are plants which are partly dependent and partly self-supporting.

    The movements of climbing plants, of some insectivorous plants, of leaves, stamens, or pistils in certain plants, and the ciliary motion of zo\'94spores, etc., may be considered a kind of voluntary motion.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bush, or young tree; a sapling; hence, a stick or staff.</def> "A <i>plant</i> of stubborn oak."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The sole of the foot.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Knotty legs and <i>plants</i> of clay."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The whole machinery and apparatus employed in carrying on a trade or mechanical business; also, sometimes including real estate, and whatever represents investment of capital in the means of carrying on a business, but not including material worked upon or finished products; <as>as, the <ex>plant</ex> of a foundry, a mill, or a railroad</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A plan; an artifice; a swindle; a trick.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<blockquote>It was n't a bad <b>plant</b>, that of mine, on Fikey.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An oyster which has been bedded, in distinction from one of natural growth.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A young oyster suitable for transplanting.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<-- a person who joins a group, to spy on them on behalf of another person or group -->

<cs><col>Plant bug</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of numerous hemipterous insects which injure the foliage of plants, as <spn>Lygus lineolaris</spn>, which damages wheat and trees.</cd> -- <col>Plant cutter</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a South American passerine bird of the genus <spn>Phytotoma</spn>, family <spn>Phytotomid\'91</spn>. It has a serrated bill with which it cuts off the young shoots and buds of plants, often doing much injury.</cd> -- <col>Plant louse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any small hemipterous insect which infests plants, especially those of the families <spn>Aphid\'91</spn> and <spn>Psyllid\'91</spn>; an aphid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plant</h1>
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<hw>Plant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Planted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Planting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>plantian</ets>, L. <ets>plantare</ets>. See <er>Plant</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put in the ground and cover, as seed for growth; <as>as, to <ex>plant</ex> maize</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To set in the ground for growth, as a young tree, or a vegetable with roots.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt not <b>plant</b> thee a grove of any trees.
<i>Deut. xvi. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish, or fit out, with plants; <as>as, to <ex>plant</ex> a garden, an orchard, or a forest</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To engender; to generate; to set the germ of.</def>

<blockquote>It engenders choler, <b>planteth</b> anger.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To furnish with a fixed and organized population; to settle; to establish; <as>as, to <ex>plant</ex> a colony</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Planting</b> of countries like planting of woods.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To introduce and establish the principles or seeds of; <as>as, to <ex>plant</ex> Christianity among the heathen</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To set firmly; to fix; to set and direct, or point; <as>as, to <ex>plant</ex> cannon against a fort; to <ex>plant</ex> a standard in any place; to <ex>plant</ex> one's feet on solid ground; to <ex>plant</ex> one's fist in another's face.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To set up; to install; to instate.</def>

<blockquote>We will <b>plant</b> some other in the throne.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plant</h1>
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<hw>Plant</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To perform the act of planting.</def>

<blockquote>I have <b>planted</b>; Apollos watered.
<i>1 Cor. iii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plantable</h1>
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<hw>Plant"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being planted; fit to be planted.</def>

<i>B. Edwards.</i>

<h1>Plantage</h1>
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<hw>Plant"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A word used once by Shakespeare to designate plants in general, or anything that is planted.</def>

<blockquote>As true as steel, as <b>plantage</b> to the moon.
<i>Shak. (Troil. iii. sc. 2).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plantain</h1>
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<hw>Plan"tain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>plantain-arbre</ets>, <ets>plantanier</ets>, Sp. <ets>pl\'a0ntano</ets>, <ets>pl\'a0tano</ets>; prob. same word as <ets>plane</ets> tree.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A treelike perennial herb (<spn>Musa paradisiaca</spn>) of tropical regions, bearing immense leaves and large clusters of the fruits called <i>plantains</i>. See <er>Musa</er>.</def>
<-- a type of banana -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fruit of this plant. It is long and somewhat cylindrical, slightly curved, and, when ripe, soft, fleshy, and covered with a thick but tender yellowish skin. The plantain is a staple article of food in most tropical countries, especially when cooked.</def><-- resembling the banana of commerce, but smaller -->

<cs><mcol><col>Plantain cutter</col>, &or; <col>Plantain eater</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several large African birds of the genus <spn>Musophaga</spn>, or family <spn>Musophagid\'91</spn>, especially <spn>Musophaga violacea</spn>. See <er>Turaco</er>. They are allied to the cuckoos.</cd> -- <col>Plantain squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a Java squirrel (<spn>Sciurus plantani</spn>) which feeds upon plantains.</cd> -- <col>Plantain tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the treelike herb <spn>Musa paradisiaca</spn>. See def. 1 (above).</cd></cs>

<h1>Plantain</h1>
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<hw>Plan"tain</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>plantago</ets>. Cf. <er>Plant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the genus <spn>Plantago</spn>, but especially the <spn>P. major</spn>, a low herb with broad spreading radical leaves, and slender spikes of minute flowers. It is a native of Europe, but now found near the abode of civilized man in nearly all parts of the world.</def>

<cs><col>Indian plantain</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Indian</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mud plantain</col>, <cd>a homely North American aquatic plant (<spn>Heteranthera reniformis</spn>), having broad, reniform leaves.</cd> -- <col>Rattlesnake plantain</col>, <cd>an orchidaceous plant (<spn>Goodyera pubescens</spn>), with the leaves blotched and spotted with white.</cd> -- <col>Ribwort plantain</col>. <cd>See <er>Ribwort</er>.</cd> -- <col>Robin's plantain</col>, <cd>the <spn>Erigeron bellidifolium</spn>, a common daisylike plant of North America.</cd> -- <col>Water plantain</col>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Alisma</spn>, having acrid leaves, and formerly regarded as a specific against hydrophobia. <i>Loudon</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plantal</h1>
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<hw>Plant"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>planta</ets> a plant.]</ety> <def>Belonging to plants; <as>as, <ex>plantal</ex> life</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Plantar</h1>
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<hw>Plan"tar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plantaris</ets>, fr. <ets>planta</ets> the sole of the foot.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the sole of the foot; <as>as, the <ex>plantar</ex> arteries</as>.</def>

<h1>Plantation</h1>
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<hw>Plan*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plantatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>plantation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of planting, or setting in the earth for growth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The place planted; land brought under cultivation; a piece of ground planted with trees or useful plants; esp., in the United States and West Indies, a large estate appropriated to the production of the more important crops, and cultivated by laborers who live on the estate; <as>as, a cotton <ex>plantation</ex>; a coffee <ex>plantation</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An original settlement in a new country; a colony.</def>

<blockquote>While these <b>plantations</b> were forming in Connecticut.
<i>B. Trumbull.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plant-cane</h1>
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<hw>Plant"-cane`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stalk or shoot of sugar cane of the first growth from the cutting. The growth of the second and following years is of inferior quality, and is called <i>rattoon</i>.</def>

<h1>Plant-eating</h1>
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<hw>Plant"-eat`ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Eating, or subsisting on, plants; <as>as, a <ex>plant-eating</ex> beetle</as>.</def>

<h1>Planted</h1>
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<hw>Plant"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Joinery)</fld> <def>Fixed in place, as a projecting member wrought on a separate piece of stuff; <as>as, a <ex>planted</ex> molding</as>.</def>

<h1>Planter</h1>
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<hw>Plant"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, plants or sows; <as>as, a <ex>planter</ex>of corn; a machine <ex>planter</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who owns or cultivates a plantation; <as>as, a sugar <ex>planter</ex></as>; a coffee <i>planter</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A colonist in a new or uncultivated territory; <as>as, the first <ex>planters</ex> in Virginia</as>.</def>

<-- a movable box or a fixed low, open structure, as of brick, in which plants are grown for decorative purposes. -->

<h1>Plantership</h1>
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<hw>Plant"er*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The occupation or position of a planter, or the management of a plantation, as in the United States or the West Indies.</def>

<h1>Planticle</h1>
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<hw>Plant"i*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <er>Plant</er>.]</ety> <def>A young plant, or plant in embryo.</def>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Plantigrada</h1>
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<hw>Plan`ti*gra"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A subdivision of Carnivora having plantigrade feet. It includes the bears, raccoons, and allied species.</def>

<h1>Plantigrade</h1>
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<hw>Plan"ti*grade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>planta</ets> sole of the foot + <ets>gradi</ets> to walk: cf. F. <ets>plantigrade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Walking on the sole of the foot; pertaining to the plantigrades.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having the foot so formed that the heel touches the ground when the leg is upright.</def>

<h1>Plantigrade</h1>
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<hw>Plan"ti*grade</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A plantigrade animal, or one that walks or steps on the sole of the foot, as man, and the bears.</def>

<h1>Planting</h1>
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<hw>Plant"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or operation of setting in the ground for propagation, as seeds, trees, shrubs, etc.; the forming of plantations, as of trees; the carrying on of plantations, as of sugar, coffee, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is planted; a plantation.</def>

<blockquote>Trees of righteousness, the <b>planting</b> of the Lord.
<i>Isa. lxi. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The laying of the first courses of stone in a foundation.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Plantless</h1>
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<hw>Plant"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without plants; barren of vegetation.</def>

<h1>Plantlet</h1>
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<hw>Plant"let</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little plant.</def>

<h1>Plantocracy</h1>
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<hw>Plan*toc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Planter</ets> + <ets>-cracy</ets>, as in <ets>democracy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Government by planters; planters, collectively.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Plantule</h1>
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<hw>Plant"ule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>plante</ets> a plant, L. <ets>planta</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The embryo which has begun its development in the act of germination.</def>

<h1>Planula</h1>
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<hw>Plan"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Planul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a little plane.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>In embryonic development, a vesicle filled with fluid, formed from the morula by the divergence of its cells in such a manner as to give rise to a central space, around which the cells arrange themselves as an envelope; an embryonic form intermediate between the morula and gastrula. Sometimes used as synonymous with <altname>gastrula</altname>.</def><-- now usu. gastrula -->

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The very young, free-swimming larva of the c\'d2lenterates. It usually has a flattened oval or oblong form, and is entirely covered with cilia.</def>

<h1>Planxty</h1>
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<hw>Planx"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>plangere</ets> to mourn aloud.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An Irish or Welsh melody for the harp, sometimes of a mournful character.</def>

<h1>Plaque</h1>
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<hw>Plaque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. Cf. <er>Plack</er>, and see <er>Placard</er>.]</ety> <def>Any flat, thin piece of metal, clay, ivory, or the like, used for ornament, or for painting pictures upon, as a slab, plate, dish, or the like, hung upon a wall; also, a smaller decoration worn on the person, as a brooch.</def>

<h1>Plash</h1>
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<hw>Plash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OD. <ets>plasch</ets>. See <er>Plash</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small pool of standing water; a puddle.</def> <i>Bacon</i>. "These shallow <i>plashes</i>." <i>Barrow</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A dash of water; a splash.</def>

<h1>Plash</h1>
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<hw>Plash</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plashed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Plashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>plassen</ets>, G. <ets>platschen</ets>. Cf. <er>Splash</er>.]</ety> <def>To dabble in water; to splash.</def> "<i>Plashing</i> among bedded pebbles."

<i>Keats.</i>

<blockquote>Far below him <b>plashed</b> the waters.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plash</h1>
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<hw>Plash</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To splash, as water.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To splash or sprinkle with coloring matter; <as>as, to <ex>plash</ex> a wall in imitation of granite</as>.</def>

<h1>Plash</h1>
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<hw>Plash</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plashed</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Plashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>plaissier</ets>, <ets>plessier</ets>, to bend. Cf. <er>Pleach</er>.]</ety> <def>To cut partly, or to bend and intertwine the branches of; <as>as, to <ex>plash</ex> a hedge</as>.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Plash</h1>
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<hw>Plash</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The branch of a tree partly cut or bent, and bound to, or intertwined with, other branches.</def>

<h1>Plashet</h1>
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<hw>Plash"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Plash</ets> + <ets>-et</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small pond or pool; a puddle.</def>

<h1>Plashing</h1>
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<hw>Plash"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The cutting or bending and intertwining the branches of small trees, as in hedges.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The dashing or sprinkling of coloring matter on the walls of buildings, to imitate granite, etc.</def>

<h1>Plashoot</h1>
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<hw>Plash"oot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hedge or fence formed of branches of trees interlaced, or <i>plashed</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Plashy</h1>
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<hw>Plash"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 1st <er>Plash</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Watery; abounding with puddles; splashy.</def> "<i>Plashy</i> fens." <i>Milton</i>. "The <i>plashy</i> earth." <i>Wordsworth</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specked, as if plashed with color.</def>

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Plasm</h1>
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<hw>Plasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plasma</ets> anything formed or molded, that which is molded, Gr. <?/, <?/, from <?/ to form, mold: cf. F. <ets>plasme</ets>. Cf. <er>Plasma</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mold or matrix in which anything is cast or formed to a particular shape.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Plasma</er>.</def>

<h1>Plasma</h1>
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<hw>Plas"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Plasm</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of quartz, of a color between grass green and leek green, which is found associated with common chalcedony. It was much esteemed by the ancients for making engraved ornaments.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The viscous material of an animal or vegetable cell, out of which the various tissues are formed by a process of differentiation; protoplasm.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Unorganized material; elementary matter.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A mixture of starch and glycerin, used as a substitute for ointments.</def>

<i>U. S. Disp.</i>

<-- = blood plasma -->

<-- 6. (physics) a state of matter in which charged particles have sufficient energy to move freely, rather than bound in atoms as in ordinary matter; it has some of the properties of a gas, but is a conductor of electricity; plasmas are found naturally in the atmosphere of stars, and can be created in special laboratory apparatus -->

<cs><col>Blood plasma</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the colorless fluid of the blood, in which the red and white blood corpuscles are suspended.</cd> -- <col>Muscle plasma</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the fundamental part of muscle fibers, a thick, viscid, albuminous fluid contained within the sarcolemma, which on the death of the muscle coagulates to a semisolid mass.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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<h1>Plasmatic, Plasmatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plas*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Plas*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Forming; shaping; molding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to plasma; having the character of plasma; containing, or conveying, plasma.</def>

<h1>Plasmation</h1>
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<hw>Plas*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plasmatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of forming or molding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Grafton.</i>

<h1>Plasmator</h1>
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<hw>Plas*ma"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A former; a fashioner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The sovereign <i>plasmator</i>, God Almighty."

<i>Urquhart.</i>

<h1>Plasmature</h1>
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<hw>Plas"ma*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Form; mold.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Plasmic</h1>
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<hw>Plas"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of, pertaining to, or connected with, plasma; plasmatic.</def>

<-- Plasmid, n. <def>A piece of DNA, usually circular, functioning as part of the genetic material of a cell, not integrated with the chromosome and replicating independently of the chromosome, but transferred, like the chromosome, to subsequent generations.  In bacteria, plasmids often carry the genes for antibiotic resistance; they are exploited in genetic engineering as the vehicles for introduction of extraneous DNA into cells, to alter the genetic makeup of the cell.  The cells thus altered may produce desirable proteins which are extracted and used; in the case of genetically altered plant cells, the altered cells may grow into complete plants with changed properties, as for example, increased resistance to disease. </def>. -->

<h1>Plasmin</h1>
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<hw>Plas"min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A proteid body, separated by some physiologists from blood plasma. It is probably identical with fibrinogen.</def>

<h1>Plasmodial</h1>
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<hw>Plas*mo"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to, or like, a plasmodium; <as>as, the <ex>plasmodial</ex> form of a life cycle</as>.</def>

<h1>Plasmodium</h1>
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<hw>Plas*mo"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Plasmodia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Plasma</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A jellylike mass of free protoplasm, without any union of am\'d2boid cells, and endowed with life and power of motion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A naked mobile mass of protoplasm, formed by the union of several am\'d2balike young, and constituting one of the stages in the life cycle of Mycetozoa and other low organisms.</def>

<-- (a) a genus of microorganisms (b) an individual malarial parasite cell. -->

<h1>Plasmogen</h1>
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<hw>Plas"mo*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Plasma</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The important living portion of protoplasm, considered a chemical substance of the highest elaboration.  Germ plasm and idioplasm are forms of plasmogen.</def>

<h1>Plasson</h1>
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<hw>Plas"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to form.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The albuminous material composing the body of a cytode.</def>

<note>&hand; It is considered simpler than protoplasm of an ordinary cell in that it has not undergone differentiation into the inner cell nucleus and the outer cell substance.</note>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<h1>Plaster</h1>
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<hw>Plas"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS., a plaster (in sense 1), fr. L. <ets>emplastrum</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ to daub on, stuff in; <?/ in + <?/ to mold: cf. OF. <ets>plastre</ets> a plaster (in sense 2), F. <ets>pl\'83tre</ets>. Cf. <er>Plastic</er>, <er>Emplaster</er>, <er>Piaster</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>plaister</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An external application of a consistency harder than ointment, prepared for use by spreading it on linen, leather, silk, or other material. It is adhesive at the ordinary temperature of the body, and is used, according to its composition, to produce a medicinal effect, to bind parts together, etc.; <as>as, a porous <ex>plaster</ex>; sticking <ex>plaster</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A composition of lime, water, and sand, with or without hair as a bond, for coating walls, ceilings, and partitions of houses. See <er>Mortar</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Calcined gypsum, or plaster of Paris, especially when ground, as used for making ornaments, figures, moldings, etc.; or calcined gypsum used as a fertilizer.</def>

<cs><col>Plaster cast</col>, <cd>a copy of an object obtained by pouring plaster of Paris mixed with water into a mold.</cd> -- <col>Plaster of Paris</col>. <ety>[So called because originally brought from a suburb of Paris.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>Anhydrous calcium sulphate, or calcined gypsum, which forms with water a paste which soon sets or hardens, and is used for casts, moldings, etc. The term is loosely applied to any plaster stone or species of gypsum.</cd> -- <col>Plaster of Paris bandage</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>a bandage saturated with a paste of plaster of Paris, which on drying forms a perfectly fitting splint.</cd><-- = plaster cast, cast --> -- <col>Plaster stone</col>, <cd>any species of gypsum. See <er>Gypsum</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plaster</h1>
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<hw>Plas"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plastered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Plastering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>plastrer</ets> to plaster (in sense 2), F. <ets>pl\'83trer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover with a plaster, as a wound or sore.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To overlay or cover with plaster, as the ceilings and walls of a house.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: To smooth over; to cover or conceal the defects of; to hide, as with a covering of plaster.</def>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Plasterer</h1>
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<hw>Plas"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who applies plaster or mortar.</def> "Thy father was a <i>plasterer</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who makes plaster casts.</def> "The <i>plasterer</i> doth make his figures by addition."

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Plastering</h1>
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<hw>Plas"ter*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Same as <er>Plaster</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or process of overlaying with plaster.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A covering of plaster; plasterwork.</def>

<h1>Plasterly</h1>
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<hw>Plas"ter*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling plaster of Paris.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Out of gypseous or <i>plasterly</i> ground."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Plasterwork</h1>
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<hw>Plas"ter*work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Plastering used to finish architectural constructions, exterior or interior, especially that used for the lining of rooms. Ordinarly, mortar is used for the greater part of the work, and pure plaster of Paris for the moldings and ornaments.</def>

<h1>Plastery</h1>
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<hw>Plas"ter*y</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of plaster.</def>

<blockquote>The stone . . . is a poor <b>plastery</b> material.
<i>Clough.</i></blockquote>

<h1>-plastic</h1>
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<hw>-plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ fit for molding, plastic, fr. <?/ to mold, to form.]</ety> <def>A combining form signifying <i>developing</i>, <i>forming</i>, <i>growing</i>; <as>as, hetero<ex>plastic</ex>, mono<ex>plastic</ex>, poly<ex>plastic</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Plastic</h1>
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<hw>Plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plasticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to form, mold: cf. F. <ets>plastique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the power to give form or fashion to a mass of matter; <as>as, the <ex>plastic</ex> hand of the Creator</as>.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<blockquote>See <b>plastic</b> Nature working to his end.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being molded, formed, or modeled, as clay or plaster; -- used also figuratively; <as>as, the <ex>plastic</ex> mind of a child</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Pertaining or appropriate to, or characteristic of, molding or modeling; produced by, or appearing as if produced by, molding or modeling; -- said of sculpture and the kindred arts, in distinction from painting and the graphic arts.</def>

<blockquote>Medallions . . . fraught with the <b>plastic</b> beauty and grace of the palmy days of Italian art.
<i>J. S. Harford.</i></blockquote>

<-- composed of a plastic substance -->

<cs><col>Plastic clay</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>one of the beds of the Eocene period; -- so called because used in making pottery. <i>Lyell</i>.</cd> -- <col>Plastic element</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>one that bears within the germs of a higher form.</cd> -- <col>Plastic exudation</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an exudation thrown out upon a wounded surface and constituting the material of repair by which the process of healing is effected.</cd> -- <col>Plastic foods</col>. <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <cd>See the second Note under <er>Food</er>.</cd> -- <col>Plastic force</col>. <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Force</er>.</cd> -- <col>Plastic operation</col>, <cd>an operation in plastic surgery.</cd> -- <col>Plastic surgery</col>, <cd>that branch of surgery which is concerned with the repair or restoration of lost, injured, or deformed parts of the body.</cd></cs>

<-- plastic, n. <def>a substance composed predominantly of a synthetic organic high polymer capable of being cast or molded; many varieties of plastic are used to produce articles of commerce (after 1900). [MW10 gives origin of word as 1905]</def> -->

<h1>Plastical</h1>
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<hw>Plas"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Plastic</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Plastically</h1>
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<hw>Plas"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a plastic manner.</def>

<h1>Plasticity</h1>
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<hw>Plas*tic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>plasticit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being plastic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Plastic force.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Plastid, Plastide</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plas"tid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Plas"tide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a creator.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A formative particle of albuminous matter; a monad; a cytode. See the Note under <er>Morphon</er>.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the many minute granules found in the protoplasm of vegetable cells. They are divided by their colors into three classes, chloroplastids, chromoplastids, and leucoplastids.</def>

<h1>Plastidozoa</h1>
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<hw>Plas`ti*do*zo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, creator + <?/ animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Protoza</er>.</def>

<h1>Plastidule</h1>
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<hw>Plas"ti*dule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. fr. <er>Plastid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the small particles or organic molecules of protoplasm.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<h1>Plastin</h1>
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<hw>Plas"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to form, mold.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A substance associated with nuclein in cell nuclei, and by some considered as the fundamental substance of the nucleus.</def>

<h1>Plastography</h1>
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<hw>Plas*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ fored, molded + <?/ to write.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of forming figures in any plastic material.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Imitation of handwriting; forgery.</def>

<h1>Plastron</h1>
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<hw>Plas"tron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>plastron</ets> breastplate, plastron, LL. <ets>plastra</ets> a thin plate of metal. See <er>Plaster</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of leather stuffed or padded, worn by fencers to protect the breast.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>An iron breastplate, worn under the hauberk.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The ventral shield or shell of tortoises and turtles. See <er>Testudinata</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A trimming for the front of a woman's dress, made of a different material, and narrowing from the shoulders to the waist.</def>

<h1>-plasty</h1>
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<hw>-plas"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ to mold, form.]</ety> <def>A combining form denoting <i>the act</i> or <i>process of forming</i>, <i>development</i>, <i>growth</i>; <as>as, auto<ex>plasty</ex>, perineo<ex>plasty</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Plat</h1>
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<hw>Plat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Platted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Platting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Plait</er>.]</ety> <def>To form by interlaying interweaving; to braid; to plait.</def> "They had <i>platted</i> a crown of thorns."

<i>Matt. xxvii. 29.</i>

<h1>Plat</h1>
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<hw>Plat</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Work done by platting or braiding; a plait.</def>

<blockquote>Her hair, nor loose, nor tied in formal <b>plat</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plat</h1>
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<hw>Plat</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Plat</er> flat, which perh. caused this spelling, and <er>Plot</er> a piece of ground.]</ety> <def>A small piece or plot of ground laid out with some design, or for a special use; usually, a portion of flat, even ground.</def>

<blockquote>This flowery <b>plat</b>, the sweet recess of Eve.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I keep smooth <b>plat</b> of fruitful ground.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plat</h1>
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<hw>Plat</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lay out in plats or plots, as ground.</def>

<h1>Plat</h1>
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<hw>Plat</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>plat</ets>. See <er>Plate</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>Plain; flat; level.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Plat</h1>
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<hw>Plat</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Plainly; flatly; downright.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>But, sir, ye lie, I tell you <b>plat</b>.
<i>Rom. of R.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Flatly; smoothly; evenly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drant.</i>

<h1>Plat</h1>
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<hw>Plat</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The flat or broad side of a sword.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A plot; a plan; a design; a diagram; a map; a chart.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark> "To note all the islands, and to set them down in <i>plat</i>."

<i>Hakluyt.</i>

<h1>Platan</h1>
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<hw>Plat"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>platanus</ets>. See <er>Plane</er> the tree.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>platane</asp>.]</altsp> <def>The plane tree.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Platanist</h1>
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<hw>Plat"a*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>platanista</ets> a sort of fish, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>plataniste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The soosoo.</def>

<h1>Platanus</h1>
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<hw>Plat"a*nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Plane</er> the tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees; the plane tree.</def>

<h1>Platband</h1>
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<hw>Plat"band`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>plate-bande</ets>; <ets>plat</ets>, <ets>plate</ets>, flat, level + <ets>bande</ets> a band.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A border of flowers in a garden, along a wall or a parterre; hence, a border.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A flat molding, or group of moldings, the width of which much exceeds its projection, as the face of an architrave.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A list or fillet between the flutings of a column.</def>

<h1>Plate</h1>
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<hw>Plate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>plate</ets> a plate of metal, a cuirsas, F. <ets>plat</ets> a plate, a shallow vessel of silver, other metal, or earth, fr. <ets>plat</ets> flat, Gr. <?/. See <er>Place</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A flat, or nearly flat, piece of metal, the thickness of which is small in comparison with the other dimensions; a thick sheet of metal; <as>as, a steel <ex>plate</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Metallic armor composed of broad pieces.</def>

<blockquote>Mangled . . . through <b>plate</b> and mail.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Domestic vessels and utensils, as flagons, dishes, cups, etc., wrought in gold or silver.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Metallic ware which is plated, in distinction from that which is genuine silver or gold.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A small, shallow, and usually circular, vessel of metal or wood, or of earth glazed and baked, from which food is eaten at table.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>plata</ets> silver.]</ety> <def>A piece of money, usually silver money.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Realms and islands were as <i>plates</i> dropp'd from his pocket."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A piece of metal on which anything is engraved for the purpose of being printed; hence, an impression from the engraved metal; <as>as, a book illustrated with <ex>plates</ex>; a fashion <ex>plate</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A page of stereotype, electrotype, or the like, for printing from; <as>as, publisher's <ex>plates</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>That part of an artificial set of teeth which fits to the mouth, and holds the teeth in place. It may be of gold, platinum, silver, rubber, celluloid, etc.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A horizontal timber laid upon a wall, or upon corbels projecting from a wall, and supporting the ends of other timbers; also used specifically of the <i>roof plate</i> which supports the ends of the roof trusses or, in simple work, the feet of the rafters.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A roundel of silver or tinctured argent.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A sheet of glass, porcelain, metal, etc., with a coating that is sensitive to light.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>A prize giving to the winner in a contest.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Plate</i> is sometimes used in an adjectival sense or in combination, the phrase or compound being in most cases of obvious signification; as, <i>plate</i> basket or <i>plate</i>-basket, <i>plate</i> rack or <i>plate</i>-rack.</note>

<cs><col>Home plate</col>. <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Home base</cref>, under <er>Home</er>.</cd> -- <col>Plate armor</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>See <er>Plate</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Strong metal plates for protecting war vessels, fortifications, and the like.</cd> -- <col>Plate bone</col>, <cd>the shoulder blade, or scapula.</cd> -- <col>Plate girder</col>, <cd>a girder, the web of which is formed of a single vertical plate, or of a series of such plates riveted together.</cd> -- <col>Plate glass</col>. <cd>See under <er>Glass</er>.</cd> -- <col>Plate iron</col>, <cd>wrought iron plates.</cd> -- <col>Plate layer</col>, <cd>a workman who lays down the rails of a railway and fixes them to the sleepers or ties.</cd> -- <col>Plate mark</col>, <cd>a special mark or emblematic figure stamped upon gold or silver plate, to indicate the place of manufacture, the degree of purity, and the like; thus, the local mark for London is a lion.</cd> -- <col>Plate paper</col>, <cd>a heavy spongy paper, for printing from engraved plates. <i>Fairholt</i>.</cd> -- <col>Plate press</col>, <cd>a press with a flat carriage and a roller, -- used for printing from engraved steel or copper plates.</cd> -- <col>Plate printer</col>, <cd>one who prints from engraved plates.</cd> -- <col>Plate printing</col>, <cd>the act or process of printing from an engraved plate or plates.</cd> -- <col>Plate tracery</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Tracery</er>.</cd> -- <col>Plate wheel</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a wheel, the rim and hub of which are connected by a continuous plate of metal, instead of by arms or spokes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plate</h1>
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<hw>Plate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Plating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover or overlay with gold, silver, or other metals, either by a mechanical process, as hammering, or by a chemical process, as electrotyping.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cover or overlay with plates of metal; to arm with metal for defense.</def>

<blockquote>Thus <b>plated</b> in habiliments of war.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To adorn with plated metal; <as>as, a <ex>plated</ex> harness</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To beat into thin, flat pieces, or lamin\'91.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To calender; <as>as, to <ex>plate</ex> paper</as>.</def>

<h1>Plateau</h1>
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<hw>Pla*teau"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. F. <plw>Plateaux</plw> <tt>(F. <?/; E. <?/)</tt>, E.</plu> <plw>Plateaus</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[F., fr. OF. <ets>platel</ets>, properly a little plate. See <er>Plate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A flat surface; especially, a broad, level, elevated area of land; a table-land.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ornamental dish for the table; a tray or salver.</def>

<h1>Plateful</h1>
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<hw>Plate"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Platefuls</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Enough to fill a plate; as much as a plate will hold.</def>

<h1>Plate-gilled</h1>
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<hw>Plate"-gilled`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having flat, or leaflike, gills, as the bivalve mollusks.</def>

<h1>Platel</h1>
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<hw>Pla"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. See <er>Plateau</er>.]</ety> <def>A small dish.</def>

<h1>Platen</h1>
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<hw>Plat"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>platine</ets>, fr. <ets>plat</ets> flat. See <er>Plate</er>, and cf. <er>Platin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The part of a printing press which presses the paper against the type and by which the impression is made.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Hence, an analogous part of a typewriter, on which the paper rests to receive an impression.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The movable table of a machine tool, as a planer, on which the work is fastened, and presented to the action of the tool; -- also called <altname>table</altname>.</def>

<h1>Plater</h1>
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<hw>Plat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who plates or coats articles with gold or silver; <as>as, a silver <ex>plater</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A machine for calendering paper.</def>

<h1>Plateresque</h1>
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<hw>Plat`er*esque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>resco</ets>, from <ets>plata</ets> silver.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Resembling silver plate; -- said of certain architectural ornaments.</def>

<h1>Platetrope</h1>
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<hw>Plat"e*trope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ breadth + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of a pair of a paired organs.</def>

<h1>Platform</h1>
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<hw>Plat"form`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Plat</ets>, a. + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>plateforme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A plat; a plan; a sketch; a model; a pattern. Used also figuratively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place laid out after a model.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>lf the <b>platform</b> just reflects the order.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Any flat or horizontal surface; especially, one that is raised above some particular level, as a framework of timber or boards horizontally joined so as to form a roof, or a raised floor, or portion of a floor; a landing; a dais; a stage, for speakers, performers, or workmen; a standing place.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A declaration of the principles upon which a person, a sect, or a party proposes to stand; a declared policy or system; <as>as, the Saybrook <ex>platform</ex>; a political <ex>platform</ex>.</as></def> "The <i>platform</i> of Geneva."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A light deck, usually placed in a section of the hold or over the floor of the magazine. See <er>Orlop</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Platform car</col>, <cd>a railway car without permanent raised sides or covering; a f<?/at.</cd> -- <col>Platform scale</col>, <cd>a weighing machine, with a flat platform on which objects are weighed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Platform</h1>
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<hw>Plat"form`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place on a platform.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form a plan of; to model; to lay out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Church discipline is <b>platformed</b> in the Bible.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plathelminth</h1>
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<hw>Plat*hel"minth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Platyelminthes.</def>

<h1>Plathelminthes</h1>
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<hw>Plat`hel*min"thes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Platyelminthes</er>.</def>

<h1>Platin</h1>
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<hw>Plat"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>See <er>Platen</er>.</def>

<h1>Platina</h1>
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<hw>Plat"i*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. or NL. See <er>Platinum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Platinum.</def>

<cs><col>Platina mohr</col>, <cd>platinum black.</cd> -- <col>Platina yellow</col>, <cd>a pigment prepared from platinum.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plating</h1>
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<hw>Plat"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or process of covering anything with a plate or plates, or with metal, particularly of overlaying a base or dull metal with a thin plate of precious or bright metal, as by mechanical means or by electro-magnetic deposition.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thin coating of metal laid upon another metal.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A coating or defensive armor of metal (usually steel) plates.</def>

<h1>Platinic</h1>
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<hw>Pla*tin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, platinum; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element has a higher valence, as contrasted with the <i>platinous</i> compounds; <as>as, <ex>platinic</ex> chloride (<chform>PtCl4</chform>)</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="1097">
Page 1097<p>

<h1>Platinichloric</h1>
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<hw>Plat`i*ni*chlo"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid consisting of platinic chloride and hydrochloric acid, and obtained as a brownish red crystalline substance, called <i>platinichloric</i>, or <i>chloroplatinic</i>, <i>acid</i>.</def>

<h1>Platiniferous</h1>
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<hw>Plat`i*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Platinum</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Yielding platinum; <as>as, <ex>platiniferous</ex> sand</as>.</def>

<h1>Platiniridium</h1>
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<hw>Plat`i*ni*rid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem. & Min.)</fld> <def>A natural alloy of platinum and iridium occurring in grayish metallic rounded or cubical grains with platinum.</def>

<h1>Platinize</h1>
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<hw>Plat"i*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Platinized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Platinizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover or combine with platinum.</def>

<h1>Platinochloric</h1>
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<hw>Plat`i*no*chlo"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid consisting of platinous chloride and hydrochloric acid, called <i>platinochloric, &or; chloroplatinous, acid</i>.</def>

<h1>Platinochloride</h1>
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<hw>Plat`i*no*chlo"ride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A double chloride of platinum and some other metal or radical; a salt of platinochloric acid.</def>

<h1>Platinocyanic</h1>
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<hw>Plat`i*no*cy*an"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid compound of platinous cyanide and hydrocyanic acid. It is obtained as a cinnaber-red crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Platinocyanide</h1>
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<hw>Plat`i*no*cy"a*nide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A double cyanide of platinum and some other metal or radical; a salt of platinocyanic acid.</def>

<h1>Platinode</h1>
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<hw>Plat"i*node</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Platinum</ets> + Gr. <?/ a way.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A cathode.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Platinoid</h1>
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<hw>Plat"i*noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Platinum</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling platinum.</def>

<h1>Platinoid</h1>
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<hw>Plat"i*noid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alloy of German silver containing tungsten; -- used for forming electrical resistance coils and standards.</def>

<h1>Platinotype</h1>
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<hw>Plat"i*no*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Platinum</ets> + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A permanent photographic picture or print in platinum black.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The process by which such pictures are produced.</def>

<h1>Platinous</h1>
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<hw>Plat"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, platinum; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element has a lower valence, as contrasted with the <i>platinic</i> compounds; <as>as, <ex>platinous</ex> chloride (<chform>PtCl2</chform>)</as>.</def>

<h1>Platinum</h1>
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<hw>Plat"i*num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Sp. <ets>platina</ets>, from <ets>plata</ets> silver, LL. <ets>plata</ets> a thin plate of metal. See <er>Plate</er>, and cf. <er>Platina</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A metallic element, intermediate in value between silver and gold, occurring native or alloyed with other metals, also as the platinum arsenide (sperrylite). It is heavy tin-white metal which is ductile and malleable, but very infusible, and characterized by its resistance to strong chemical reagents. It is used for crucibles, for stills for sulphuric acid, rarely for coin, and in the form of foil and wire for many purposes. Specific gravity 21.5. Atomic weight 194.3. Symbol Pt. Formerly called <altname>platina</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Platinum black</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a soft, dull black powder, consisting of finely divided metallic platinum obtained by reduction and precipitation from its solutions. It absorbs oxygen to a high degree, and is employed as an oxidizer.</cd> -- <col>Platinum lamp</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of incandescent lamp of which the luminous medium is platinum. See under <er>Incandescent</er>.</cd> -- <col>Platinum metals</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the group of metallic elements which in their chemical and physical properties resemble platinum. These consist of the <i>light platinum group<i>, viz., rhodium, ruthenium, and palladium, whose specific gravities are about 12; and the <i>heavy platinum group<i>, viz., osmium, iridium, and platinum, whose specific gravities are over 21.</cd> -- <col>Platinum sponge</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>metallic platinum in a gray, porous, spongy form, obtained by reducing the double chloride of platinum and ammonium. It absorbs oxygen, hydrogen, and certain other gases, to a high degree, and is employed as an agent in oxidizing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Platitude</h1>
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<hw>Plat"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from <ets>plat</ets> flat. See <er>Plate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being flat, thin, or insipid; flat commonness; triteness; staleness of ideas of language.</def>

<blockquote>To hammer one golden grain of wit into a sheet of infinite <b>platitude</b>.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thought or remark which is flat, dull, trite, or weak; a truism; a commonplace.</def>

<h1>Platitudinarian</h1>
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<hw>Plat`i*tu`di*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One addicted to uttering platitudes, or stale and insipid truisms.</def> "A political <i>platitudinarian</i>."

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Platitudinize</h1>
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<hw>Plat`i*tu"di*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To utter platitudes or truisms.</def>

<h1>Platitudinous</h1>
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<hw>Plat`i*tu"di*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding in platitudes; of the nature of platitudes; uttering platitudes.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Plat`i*tu"di*nous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Platly</h1>
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<hw>Plat"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Flatly. See <er>Plat</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Platness</h1>
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<hw>Plat"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Flatness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Palsgrave.</i>

<h1>Platometer</h1>
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<hw>Pla*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flat + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Planimeter</er>.</def>

<h1>Platonic, Platonical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pla*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pla*ton"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Platonicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>platonique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Plato, or his philosophy, school, or opinions.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pure, passionless; nonsexual; philosophical.</def>

<cs><col>Platonic bodies</col>, <cd>the five regular geometrical solids; namely, the tetrahedron, hexahedron or cube, octahedron, dodecahedron, and icosahedron.</cd> -- <col>Platonic love</col>, <cd>a pure, spiritual affection, subsisting between persons of opposite sex, unmixed with carnal desires, and regarding the mind only and its excellences; -- a species of love for which Plato was a warm advocate.</cd><-- = Platonic relation --> -- <col>Platonic year</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a period of time determined by the revolution of the equinoxes, or the space of time in which the stars and constellations return to their former places in respect to the equinoxes; -- called also <altname>great year</altname>. This revolution, which is caused by the precession of the equinoxes, is accomplished in about 26,000 years. <i>Barlow</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Platonic</h1>
<Xpage=1097>

<hw>Pla*ton"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A follower of Plato; a Platonist.</def>

<h1>Platonically</h1>
<Xpage=1097>

<hw>Pla*ton"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a Platonic manner.</def>

<h1>Platonism</h1>
<Xpage=1097>

<hw>Pla"to*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Platonisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The doctrines or philosophy by Plato or of his followers.</def>

<note>&hand; Plato believed God to be an infinitely wise, just, and powerful Spirit; and also that he formed the visible universe out of pre\'89xistent amorphous matter, according to perfect patterns of ideas eternally existent in his own mind. Philosophy he considered as being a knowledge of the true nature of things, as discoverable in those eternal ideas after which all things were fashioned. In other words, it is the knowledge of what is eternal, exists necessarily, and is unchangeable; not of the temporary, the dependent, and changeable; and of course it is not obtained through the senses; neither is it the product of the understanding, which concerns itself only with the variable and transitory; nor is it the result of experience and observation; but it is the product of our <i>reason</i>, which, as partaking of the divine nature, has innate ideas resembling the eternal ideas of God. By contemplating these innate ideas, reasoning about them, and comparing them with their copies in the visible universe, reason can attain that true knowledge of things which is called <i>philosophy</i>. Plato's professed followers, the Academics, and the New Platonists, differed considerably from him, yet are called <i>Platonists</i>.</note>

<i>Murdock.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An elevated rational and ethical conception of the laws and forces of the universe; sometimes, imaginative or fantastic philosophical notions.</def>

<h1>Platonist</h1>
<Xpage=1097>

<hw>Pla"to*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adheres to the philosophy of Plato; a follower of Plato.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Platonize</h1>
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<hw>Pla"to*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Platonized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Platonizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To adopt the opinion of Plato or his followers.</def>

<i>Milner.</i>

<h1>Platonize</h1>
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<hw>Pla"to*nize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To explain by, or accomodate to, the Platonic philosophy.</def>

<i>Enfield.</i>

<h1>Platonizer</h1>
<Xpage=1097>

<hw>Pla"to*ni`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who Platonizes.</def>

<h1>Platoon</h1>
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<hw>Pla*toon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>peloton</ets> a ball of thread, a knot or group of men, a platoon, from <ets>pelote</ets> a ball formed of things wound round. See <er>Pellet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Formerly, a body of men who fired together; also, a small square body of soldiers to strengthen the angles of a hollow square.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Now, in the United States service, half of a company.</def>

<h1>Platt</h1>
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<hw>Platt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>See <er>Lodge</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Plattdeutsch</h1>
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<hw>Platt"deutsch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The modern dialects spoken in the north of Germany, taken collectively; modern Low German. See <cref>Low German</cref>, under <er>German</er>.</def>

<h1>Platten</h1>
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<hw>Plat"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Plat</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Glass Making)</fld> <def>To flatten and make into sheets or plates; <as>as, to <ex>platten</ex> cylinder glass</as>.</def>

<h1>Platter</h1>
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<hw>Plat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Plat</er> to braid.]</ety> <def>One who plats or braids.</def>

<h1>Platter</h1>
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<hw>Plat"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Probably fr. OF. <ets>platel</ets>, F. <ets>plateau</ets>. See <er>Plateau</er>.]</ety> <def>A large plate or shallow dish on which meat or other food is brought to the table.</def>

<blockquote>The attendants . . . speedly brought in several large, smoking <b>platters</b>, filled with huge pieces of beef.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Platter-faced</h1>
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<hw>Plat"ter-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a broad, flat face.</def>

<h1>Platting</h1>
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<hw>Plat"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Plaited strips or bark, cane, straw, etc., used for making hats or the like.</def>

<h1>Platy</h1>
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<hw>Plat"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a plate; consisting of plates.</def>

<h1>Platy-</h1>
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<hw>Plat"y-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form from Gr. <grk>platy`s</grk> <i>broad</i>, <i>wide</i>, <i>flat</i>; <as>as, <ex>platy</ex>pus, <ex>platy</ex>cephalous</as>.</def>

<h1>Platycephalic, Platycephalous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plat`y*ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Plat`y*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Platy</ets> + Gr. <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Broad-headed.</def>

<h1>Platycnemic</h1>
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<hw>Plat`yc*ne"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Platy</ets> + Gr. <?/ leg: cf. F. <ets>platycn\'82mique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of, relating to, or characterized by, platycnemism.</def>

<h1>Platycnemism</h1>
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<hw>Pla*tyc"ne*mism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Lateral flattening of the tibia.</def>

<h1>Platyc\'d2lian</h1>
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<hw>Plat`y*c\'d2"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Platy</ets> + Gr. <?/ hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Flat at the anterior and concave at the posterior end; -- said of the centra of the vertebr\'91 of some extinct dinouaurs.</def>

<h1>Platyelminthes</h1>
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<hw>Plat`y*el*min"thes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Platy-</er>, and <er>Helminthes</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of helminthes including the cestodes, or tapeworms, the trematodes, and the turbellarians. Called also <altname>flatworms</altname>.</def><-- now = platyhelminthes -->

<h1>Platyhelmia</h1>
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<hw>Plat`y*hel"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Platyelminthes</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Platyelmia</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Platymeter</h1>
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<hw>Pla*tym"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Platy</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for measuring the capacity of condensers, or the inductive capacity of dielectrics.</def>

<h1>Platypod</h1>
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<hw>Plat"y*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Platy</ets> + <ets>-pod</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal having broad feet, or a broad foot.</def>

<h1>Platypoda</h1>
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<hw>Pla*typ"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Prosobranchiata</er>.</def>

<h1>Platyptera</h1>
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<hw>Pla*typ"te*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ broad + <?/ a wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Pseudoneuroptera including the species which have four broad, flat wings, as the termites, or white-ants, and the stone flies (<spn>Perla</spn>).</def>

<h1>Platypus</h1>
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<hw>Plat"y*pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The duck mole. See under <er>Duck</er>.</def>

<h1>Platyrhine</h1>
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<hw>Plat"y*rhine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Platy</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, nose.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the nose broad; -- opposed to <ant>leptorhine</ant>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Platyrhini.</def></def2>

<h1>Platyrhini</h1>
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<hw>Plat`y*rhi"ni</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ broad + <?/, <?/, nose.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of monkeys, including the American species, which have a broad nasal septum, thirty-six teeth, and usually a prehensile tail. See <er>Monkey</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Platyrrhini</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Plaud</h1>
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<hw>Plaud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To applaud.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Plaudit</h1>
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<hw>Plau"dit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>plaudite</ets> do ye praise (which was said by players at the end of a performance), 2d pers. pl. imperative of <ets>plaudere</ets>. Cf. <er>Plausible</er>.]</ety> <def>A mark or expression of applause; praise bestowed.</def>

<blockquote>Not in the shouts and <b>plaudits</b> of the throng.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Acclamation; applause; encomium; commendation; approbation; approval.</syn>

<h1>Plauditory</h1>
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<hw>Plau"di*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Applauding; commending.</def>

<h1>Plausibility</h1>
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<hw>Plau`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>plausibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something worthy of praise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Integrity, fidelity, and other gracious <b>plausibilities</b>.
<i>E. Vaughan.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of being plausible; speciousness.</def>

<blockquote>To give any <b>plausibility</b> to a scheme.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything plausible or specious.</def>

<i>R. Browning.</i>

<h1>Plausible</h1>
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<hw>Plau"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plausibilis</ets> praiseworthy, from <ets>plaudere</ets>, <ets>plausum</ets>, to applaud, clap the hands, strike, beat.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Worthy of being applauded; praiseworthy; commendable; ready.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hacket.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Obtaining approbation; specifically pleasing; apparently right; specious; <as>as, a <ex>plausible</ex> pretext; <ex>plausible</ex> manners; a <ex>plausible</ex> delusion.</as></def> "<i>Plausible</i> and popular arguments."

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Using specious arguments or discourse; <as>as, a <ex>plausible</ex> speaker</as>.</def>

<-- 4 appearing worthy of belief [MW10].  Now the most common sense, and a good sense, rather than the traditional bad sense. -->

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Plausible</er>, <er>Specious</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Plausible</i> denotes that which seems reasonable, yet leaves distrust in the judgment. <i>Specious</i> describes that which presents a fair appearance to the view and yet covers something false. <i>Specious</i> refers more definitely to the act or purpose of false representation; <i>plausible</i> has more reference to the effect on the beholder or hearer. An argument may by <i>specious</i> when it is not <i>plausible</i> because its sophistry is so easily discovered.</usage>

<h1>Plausibleize</h1>
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<hw>Plau"si*ble*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render plausible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Plausibleness</h1>
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<hw>Plau"si*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being plausible.</def>

<h1>Plausibly</h1>
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<hw>Plau"si*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a plausible manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contentedly, readily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Romans <b>plausibly</b> did give consent.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plausive</h1>
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<hw>Plau"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plaudere</ets>, <ets>plausum</ets>, to applaud.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Applauding; manifesting praise.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Plausible, specious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Play</h1>
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<hw>Play</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Played</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Playing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>pleien</ets>, AS. <ets>plegian</ets>, <ets>plegan</ets>, to play, akin to <ets>plega</ets> play, game, quick motion, and probably to OS. <ets>plegan</ets> to promise, pledge, D. <ets>plegen</ets> to care for, attend to, be wont, G. <ets>pflegen</ets>; of unknown origin. &root;28. Cf. <er>Plight</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To engage in sport or lively recreation; to exercise for the sake of amusement; to frolic; to spot.</def>

<blockquote>As Cannace was <b>playing</b> in her walk.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day,
Had he thy reason, would he skip and <b>play</b>!
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And some, the darlings of their Lord,
<b>Play</b> smiling with the flame and sword.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act with levity or thoughtlessness; to trifle; to be careless.</def>

<blockquote>"Nay," quod this monk, "I have no lust to <b>pleye</b>."
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Men are apt to <b>play</b> with their healths.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To contend, or take part, in a game; <as>as, to <ex>play</ex> ball</as>; hence, to gamble; <as>as, he <ex>played</ex> for heavy stakes</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To perform on an instrument of music; <as>as, to <ex>play</ex> on a flute</as>.</def>

<blockquote>One that . . . can <b>play</b> well on an instrument.
<i>Ezek. xxxiii. 32.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Play</b>, my friend, and charm the charmer.
<i>Granville.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To act; to behave; to practice deception.</def>

<blockquote>His mother <b>played</b> false with a smith.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To move in any manner; especially, to move regularly with alternate or reciprocating motion; to operate; to act; <as>as, the fountain <ex>plays</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The heart beats, the blood circulates, the lungs <b>play</b>.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To move gayly; to wanton; to disport.</def>

<blockquote>Even as the waving sedges <b>play</b> with wind.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The setting sun
<b>Plays</b> on their shining arms and burnished helmets.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All fame is foreign but of true desert,
<b>Plays</b> round the head, but comes not to the heart.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To act on the stage; to personate a character.</def>

<blockquote>A lord will hear your <b>play</b> to-night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Courts are theaters where some men <b>play</b>.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To play into a person's hands</col>, <cd>to act, or to manage matters, to his advantage or benefit.</cd> -- <col>To play off</col>, <cd>to affect; to feign; to practice artifice.</cd> -- <col>To play upon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To make sport of; to deceive.</cd>

<blockquote>Art thou alive?
Or is it fantasy that <b>plays upon</b> our eyesight.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To use in a droll manner; to give a droll expression or application to; as, <i>to play upon</i> words.</cd></cs>
<-- play around -->

<h1>Play</h1>
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<hw>Play</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put in action or motion; <as>as, to <ex>play</ex> cannon upon a fortification; to <ex>play</ex> a trump.</as></def>

<blockquote>First Peace and Silence all disputes control,
Then Order <b>plays</b> the soul.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To perform music upon; <as>as, to <ex>play</ex> the flute or the organ</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To perform, as a piece of music, on an instrument; <as>as, to <ex>play</ex> a waltz on the violin</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To bring into sportive or wanton action; to exhibit in action; to execute; <as>as, to <ex>play</ex> tricks</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Nature here
Wantoned as in her prime, and <b>played</b> at will
Her virgin fancies.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To act or perform (a play); to represent in music action; <as>as, to <ex>play</ex> a comedy</as>; also, to act in the character of; to represent by acting; to simulate; to behave like; <as>as, to <ex>play</ex> King Lear; to <ex>play</ex> the woman.</as></def>

<blockquote>Thou canst <b>play</b> the rational if thou wilt.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To engage in, or go together with, as a contest for amusement or for a wager or prize; <as>as, to <ex>play</ex> a game at baseball</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To keep in play, as a hooked fish, in order to land it.</def>

<cs><col>To play off</col>, <cd>to display; to show; to put in exercise; as, <i>to play off<i> tricks.</cd> -- <col>To play one's cards</col>, <cd>to manage one's means or opportunities; to contrive.</cd> -- <col>Played out</col>, <cd>tired out; exhausted; at the end of one's resources.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>

<h1>Play</h1>
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<hw>Play</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Amusement; sport; frolic; gambols.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any exercise, or series of actions, intended for amusement or diversion; a game.</def>

<blockquote>John naturally loved rough <b>play</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act or practice of contending for victory, amusement, or a prize, as at dice, cards, or billiards; gaming; <as>as, to lose a fortune in <ex>play</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Action; use; employment; exercise; practice; <as>as, fair <ex>play</ex>; sword <ex>play</ex>; a <ex>play</ex> of wit.</as></def> "The next who comes in <i>play</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A dramatic composition; a comedy or tragedy; a composition in which characters are represented by dialogue and action.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>play</b> ought to be a just image of human nature.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The representation or exhibition of a comedy or tragedy; <as>as, he attends ever <ex>play</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Performance on an instrument of music.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Motion; movement, regular or irregular; <as>as, the <ex>play</ex> of a wheel or piston</as>; hence, also, room for motion; free and easy action.</def> "To give them <i>play</i>, front and rear."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The joints are let exactly into one another, that they have no <b>play</b> between them.
<i>Moxon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Hence, liberty of acting; room for enlargement or display; scope; <as>as, to give full <ex>play</ex> to mirth</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Play actor</col>, <cd>an actor of dramas. <i>Prynne</i>.</cd> -- <col>Play debt</col>, <cd>a gambling debt. <i>Arbuthnot</i>.</cd> -- <col>Play pleasure</col>, <cd>idle amusement. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Bacon</i>.</cd> -- <col>A play upon words</col>, <cd>the use of a word in such a way as to be capable of double meaning; punning.</cd> -- <col>Play of colors</col>, <cd>prismatic variation of colors.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To bring into play</col>, <col>To come into play</col></mcol>, <cd>to bring or come into use or exercise.</cd> -- <col>To hold in play</col>, <cd>to keep occupied or employed.</cd></cs>
<-- in play. (a) (baseball, football) [of a ball] to still be subject to action so as to affect the game, true as long as the specific play has not been completed.  Opposite of out of play, out of bounds. (b) (Corporate Finance) subject to acquisition or merger; said of companies which have been discussed as potential acquisitions by potentially acquiring companies. -->

<blockquote>I, with two more to help me,
Will <b>hold</b> the foe <b>in play</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1098">
Page 1098<p>

<h1>Playa</h1>
<Xpage=1098>

<hw>Pla"ya</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A beach; a strand; in the plains and deserts of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, a broad, level spot, on which subsequently becomes dry by evaporation.</def>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Playbill</h1>
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<hw>Play"bill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A printed programme of a play, with the parts assigned to the actors.</def>

<h1>Playbook</h1>
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<hw>Play"book`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A book of dramatic compositions; a book of the play.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Playday</h1>
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<hw>Play"day`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A day given to play or diversion; a holiday.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Player</h1>
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<hw>Play"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who plays, or amuses himself; one without serious aims; an idler; a trifler.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who plays any game.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A dramatic actor.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who plays on an instrument of music.</def> "A cunning <i>player</i> on a harp."

<i>1 Sam. xvi. 16.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A gamester; a gambler.</def>

<h1>Playfellow</h1>
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<hw>Play"fel`low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A companion in amusements or sports; a playmate.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Playfere</h1>
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<hw>Play"fere`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Play</ets> + 1st <ets>fere</ets>.]</ety> <def>A playfellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Also, <asp>playfeer</asp>, <asp>playphere</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Holinsheld.</i>

<h1>Playful</h1>
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<hw>Play"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sportive; gamboling; frolicsome; indulging a sportive fancy; humorous; merry; <as>as, a <ex>playful</ex> child; a <ex>playful</ex> writer.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Play"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Play"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Playgame</h1>
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<hw>Play"game`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Play of children.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Playgoer</h1>
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<hw>Play"go`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who frequents playhouses, or attends dramatic performances.</def>

<h1>Playgoing</h1>
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<hw>Play"go`ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Frequenting playhouses; <as>as, the <ex>playgoing</ex> public</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice of going to plays.</def></def2>

<h1>Playground</h1>
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<hw>Play"ground`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A piece of ground used for recreation; <as>as, the <ex>playground</ex> of a school</as>.</def>

<h1>Playhouse</h1>
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<hw>Play"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>plegh&umac;s</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A building used for dramatic exhibitions; a theater.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A house for children to play in; a toyhouse.</def>

<h1>Playing</h1>
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<hw>Play"ing</hw>, <def><tt>a. & vb. n.</tt> of <er>Play</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Playing cards</col>. <cd>See under <er>Card</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Playmaker</h1>
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<hw>Play"mak`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A playwright.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Playmate</h1>
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<hw>Play"mate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A companion in diversions; a playfellow.</def>

<h1>Playsome</h1>
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<hw>Play"some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Playful; wanton; sportive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>R. Browning</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Play"some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Playte</h1>
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<hw>Playte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Pleyt</er>.</def>

<h1>Plaything</h1>
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<hw>Play"thing`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thing to play with; a toy; anything that serves to amuse.</def>

<blockquote>A child knows his nurse, and by degrees the <b>playthings</b> of a little more advanced age.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Playtime</h1>
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<hw>Play"time`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Time for play or diversion.</def>

<h1>Playwright</h1>
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<hw>Play"wright`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A maker or adapter of plays.</def>

<h1>Playwriter</h1>
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<hw>Play"writ`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of plays; a dramatist; a playwright.</def>

<i>Lecky.</i>

<h1>Plaza</h1>
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<hw>Pla"za</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. See <er>Place</er>.]</ety> <def>A public square in a city or town.</def>

<h1>Plea</h1>
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<hw>Plea</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>plee</ets>, <ets>plai</ets>, <ets>plait</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>plait</ets>, <ets>plaid</ets>, <ets>plet</ets>, LL. <ets>placitum</ets> judgment, decision, assembly, court, fr. L. <ets>placitum</ets> that which is pleasing, an opinion, sentiment, from <ets>placere</ets> to please. See <er>Please</er>, and cf. <er>Placit</er>, <er>Plead</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>That which is alleged by a party in support of his cause; in a stricter sense, an allegation of fact in a cause, as distinguished from a <i>demurrer</i>; in a still more limited sense, and in modern practice, the defendant's answer to the plaintiff's declaration and demand. That which the plaintiff alleges in his declaration is answered and repelled or justified by the defendant's <i>plea</i>. In chancery practice, a <i>plea</i> is a special answer showing or relying upon one or more things as a cause why the suit should be either dismissed, delayed, or barred. In criminal practice, the <i>plea</i> is the defendant's formal answer to the indictment or information presented against him.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A cause in court; a lawsuit; <as>as, the Court of Common <ex>Pleas</ex></as>. See under <er>Common</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The Supreme Judicial Court shall have cognizance of <b>pleas</b> real, personal, and mixed.
<i>Laws of Massachusetts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is alleged or pleaded, in defense or in justification; an excuse; an apology.</def> "Necessity, the tyrant's <i>plea</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>No <b>plea</b> must serve; 't is cruelty to spare.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An urgent prayer or entreaty.</def>

<cs><col>Pleas of the crown</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>criminal actions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pleach</h1>
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<hw>Pleach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pleached</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pleaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>plaissier</ets> to bend, and also F. <ets>plisser</ets> to plait, L. <ets>plicare</ets>, <ets>plicitum</ets>, to fold, lay, or wind together. Cf. <er>Plash</er> to pleach.]</ety> <def>To unite by interweaving, as branches of trees; to plash; to interlock.</def> "The <i>pleached</i> bower."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Plead</h1>
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<hw>Plead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pleaded</er> (<mark>colloq.</mark> <er>Plead</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Pled</er>); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pleading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>pleden</ets>, <ets>plaiden</ets>, OF. plaidier, F. <ets>plaider</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>placitare</ets>, fr. <ets>placitum</ets>. See <er>Plea</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To argue in support of a claim, or in defense against the claim of another; to urge reasons for or against a thing; to attempt to persuade one by argument or supplication; to speak by way of persuasion; <as>as, to <ex>plead</ex> for the life of a criminal; to <ex>plead</ex> with a judge or with a father.</as></def>

<blockquote>O that one might <b>plead</b> for a man with God, as a man <b>pleadeth</b> for his neighbor!
<i>Job xvi. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To present an answer, by allegation of fact, to the declaration of a plaintiff; to deny the plaintiff's declaration and demand, or to allege facts which show that ought not to recover in the suit; in a less strict sense, to make an allegation of fact in a cause; to carry on the allegations of the respective parties in a cause; to carry on a suit or plea.</def>

<i>Blackstone. Burrill. Stephen.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To contend; to struggle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Plead</h1>
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<hw>Plead</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To discuss, defend, and attempt to maintain by arguments or reasons presented to a tribunal or person having uthority to determine; to argue at the bar; <as>as, to <ex>plead</ex> a cause before a court or jury</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Every man should <b>plead</b> his own matter.
<i>Sir T. More.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In this sense, <i>argue</i> is more generally used by lawyers.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To allege or cite in a legal plea or defense, or for repelling a demand in law; to answer to an indictment; <as>as, to <ex>plead</ex> usury; to <ex>plead</ex> statute of limitations; to <ex>plead</ex> not guilty.</as></def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To allege or adduce in proof, support, or vendication; to offer in excuse; <as>as, the law of nations may be <ex>pleaded</ex> in favor of the rights of ambassadors</as>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>I will neither <b>plead</b> my age nor sickness, in excuse of faults.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pleadable</h1>
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<hw>Plead"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being pleaded; capable of being alleged in proof, defense, or vindication; <as>as, a right or privilege <ex>pleadable</ex> at law</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Pleader</h1>
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<hw>Plead"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>plaideur</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who pleads; one who argues for or against; an advotate.</def>

<blockquote>So fair a <b>pleader</b> any cause may gain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who draws up or forms pleas; the draughtsman of pleas or pleadings in the widest sense; <as>as, a special <ex>pleader</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Pleading</h1>
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<hw>Plead"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of advocating, defending, or supporting, a cause by arguments.</def>

<h1>Pleadingly</h1>
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<hw>Plead"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pleading manner.</def>

<h1>Pleadings</h1>
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<hw>Plead"ings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The mutual pleas and replies of the plaintiff and defendant, or written statements of the parties in support of their claims, proceeding from the declaration of the plaintiff, until issue is joined, and the question made to rest on some single point.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Pleasance</h1>
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<hw>Pleas"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>plaisance</ets>. See <er>Please</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pleasure; merriment; gayety; delight; kindness.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> <i>Shak.</i> "Full great <i>pleasance</i>." <i>Chaucer</i>. "A realm of <i>pleasance</i>." <i>Tennyson</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A secluded part of a garden.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>pleasances</b> of old Elizabethan houses.
<i>Ruskin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pleasant</h1>
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<hw>Pleas"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>plaisant</ets>. See <er>Please</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pleasing; grateful to the mind or to the senses; agreeable; <as>as, a <ex>pleasant</ex> journey; <ex>pleasant</ex> weather.</as></def>

<blockquote>Behold, how good and <b>pleasant</b> it is for brethren to dwell together in unity!
<i>Ps. cxxxiii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cheerful; enlivening; gay; sprightly; humorous; sportive; <as>as, <ex>pleasant</ex> company; a <ex>pleasant</ex> fellow.</as></def>

<blockquote>From grave to light, from <b>pleasant</b> to serve.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Pleasing; gratifying; agreeable; cheerful; good-humored; enlivening; gay; lively; merry; sportive; humorous; jocose; amusing; witty.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Pleasant</er>, <er>Pleasing</er>, <er>Agreeable</er>. <i>Agreeable</i> is applied to that which agrees with, or is in harmony with, one's tastes, character, etc. <i>Pleasant</i> and <i>pleasing</i> denote a stronger degree of the agreeable. <i>Pleasant</i> refers rather to the state or condition; <i>pleasing</i>, to the act or effect. Where they are applied to the same object, <i>pleasing</i> is more energetic than <i>pleasant</i>; <as>as, she is always <ex>pleasant</ex> and always <ex>pleasing</ex></as>. The distinction, however, is not radical and not rightly observed.</usage>

<h1>Pleasant</h1>
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<hw>Pleas"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wit; a humorist; a buffoon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pleasantly</h1>
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<hw>Pleas"ant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pleasant manner.</def>

<h1>Pleasantness</h1>
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<hw>Pleas"ant*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being pleasant.</def>

<h1>Pleasantry</h1>
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<hw>Pleas"ant*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pleasantries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>plaisanterie</ets>. See <er>Pleasant</er>.]</ety> <def>That which denotes or promotes pleasure or good humor; cheerfulness; gayety; merriment; especially, an agreeable playfulness in conversation; a jocose or humorous remark; badinage.</def>

<blockquote>The grave abound in <b>pleasantries</b>, the dull in repartees and points of wit.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The keen observation and ironical <b>pleasantry</b> of a finished man of the world.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pleasant-tongued</h1>
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<hw>Pleas"ant-tongued`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of pleasing speech.</def>

<h1>Please</h1>
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<hw>Please</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pleased</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pleasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>plesen</ets>, OF. <ets>plaisir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>placere</ets>, akin to <ets>placare</ets> to reconcile. Cf. <er>Complacent</er>, <er>Placable</er>, <er>Placid</er>, <er>Plea</er>, <er>Plead</er>, <er>Pleasure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give pleasure to; to excite agreeable sensations or emotions in; to make glad; to gratify; to content; to satisfy.</def>

<blockquote>I pray to God that it may <b>plesen</b> you.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What next I bring shall <b>please</b> thee, be assured.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have or take pleasure in; hence, to choose; to wish; to desire; to will.</def>

<blockquote>Whatsoever the Lord <b>pleased</b>, that did he.
<i>Ps. cxxxv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A man doing as he wills, and doing as he <b>pleases</b>, are the same things in common speech.
<i>J. Edwards.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be the will or pleasure of; to seem good to; -- used impersonally.</def> "It <i>pleased</i> the Father that in him should all fullness dwell."

<i>Col. i. 19.</i>

<blockquote>To-morrow, may it <b>please</b> you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To be pleased in</col> &or; <col>with</col></mcol>, <cd>to have complacency in; to take pleasure in.</cd> -- <col>To be pleased to do a thing</col>, <cd>to take pleasure in doing it; to have the will to do it; to think proper to do it.</cd></cs>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Please</h1>
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<hw>Please</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To afford or impart pleasure; to excite agreeable emotions.</def>

<blockquote>What <b>pleasing</b> scemed, for her now <b>pleases</b> more.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For we that live to <b>please</b>, must <b>please</b> to live.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have pleasure; to be willing, as a matter of affording pleasure or showing favor; to vouchsafe; to consent.</def>

<blockquote>Heavenly stranger, <b>please</b> to taste
These bounties.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That he would <b>please</b> 8give me my liberty.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pleased</h1>
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<hw>Pleased</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Experiencing pleasure.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pleas"ed*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pleas"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pleaseman</h1>
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<hw>Please"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An officious person who courts favor servilely; a pickthank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pleaser</h1>
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<hw>Pleas"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pleases or gratifies.</def>

<h1>Pleasing</h1>
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<hw>Pleas"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giving pleasure or satisfaction; causing agreeable emotion; agreeable; delightful; <as>as, a <ex>pleasing</ex> prospect; <ex>pleasing</ex> manners.</as></def>  "<i>Pleasing</i> harmony." <i>Shak.</i> "<i>Pleasing</i> features." <i>Macaulay</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Pleas"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pleas"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<syn>Syn. -- Gratifying; delightful; agreeable. See <er>Pleasant</er>.</syn>

<h1>Pleasing</h1>
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<hw>Pleas"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An object of pleasure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pleasurable</h1>
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<hw>Pleas"ur*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of affording pleasure or satisfaction; gratifying; abounding in pleasantness or pleasantry.</def>

<blockquote>Planting of orchards is very . . . <b>pleasurable</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O, sir, you are very <b>pleasurable</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pleas"ur*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Pleas"ur*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pleasure</h1>
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<hw>Pleas"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>plaisir</ets>, originally an infinitive. See <er>Please</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The gratification of the senses or of the mind; agreeable sensations or emotions; the excitement, relish, or happiness produced by the expectation or the enjoyment of something good, delightful, or satisfying; -- opposed to <ant>pain</ant>, <ant>sorrow</ant>, etc.</def>

<blockquote>At thy right hand there are <b>pleasures</b> for evermore.
<i>Ps. xvi. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Amusement; sport; diversion; self-indulgence; frivolous or dissipating enjoyment; hence, sensual gratification; -- opposed to <i>labor</i>, <i>service</i>, <i>duty</i>, <i>self-denial</i>, etc.</def> "Not sunk in carnal <i>pleasure</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>He that loveth <b>pleasure</b> shall be a poor man.
<i>Prov. xxi. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lovers of <b>pleasures</b> more than lovers of God.
<i>2 Tim. iii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>What the will dictates or prefers as gratifying or satisfying; hence, will; choice; wish; purpose.</def> "He will do his <i>pleasure</i> on Babylon."

<i>Isa. xlviii. 14.</i>

<blockquote>Use your <b>pleasure</b>; if your love do not presuade you to come, let not my letter.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which pleases; a favor; a gratification.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Festus, willing to do the Jews a <b>pleasure</b>
<i>Acts xxv. 9.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>At pleasure</col>, <cd>by arbitrary will or choice. <i>Dryden</i>.</cd> -- <col>To take pleasure in</col>, <cd>to have enjoyment in.</cd> <i>Ps. cxlvii. 11</i>.</cs>

<note>&hand; <i>Pleasure</i> is used adjectively, or in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, <i>pleasure</i> boat, <i>pleasure</i> ground; <i>pleasure</i> house, etc.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Enjoyment; gratification; satisfaction; comfort; solace; joy; gladness; delight; will; choice; preference; purpose; command; favor; kindness.</syn>

<h1>Pleasure</h1>
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<hw>Pleas"ure</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pleasured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pleasuring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To give or afford pleasure to; to please; to gratify.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>[Rolled] his hoop to <b>pleasure</b> Edith.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pleasure</h1>
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<hw>Pleas"ure</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take pleasure; to seek pursue pleasure; <as>as, to go <ex>pleasuring</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Pleasureful</h1>
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<hw>Pleas"ure*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affording pleasure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pleasureless</h1>
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<hw>Pleas"ure*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Devoid of pleasure.</def>

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Pleasurer</h1>
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<hw>Pleas"ur*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pleasure seeker.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Pleasurist</h1>
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<hw>Pleas"ur*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person devoted to worldly pleasure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Pleat</h1>
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<hw>Pleat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Plait</er>.</def>

<h1>Plebe</h1>
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<hw>Plebe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pl\'8abe</ets>, fr. L. <ets>plebs</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The common people; the mob.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>plebe</b> with thirst and fury prest.
<i>Sylvester.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Plebeian</er>.]</ety> <def>A member of the lowest class in the military academy at West Point.</def> <mark>[Cant, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Plebeian</h1>
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<hw>Ple*be"ian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plebeius</ets>, from <ets>plebs</ets>, <ets>plebis</ets>, the common people: cf. F. <ets>pl\'82b\'82ien</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the Roman <i>plebs</i>, or common people.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the common people; vulgar; common; <as>as, <ex>plebeian</ex> sports; a <ex>plebeian</ex> throng.</as></def>

<h1>Plebeian</h1>
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<hw>Ple*be"ian</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the <i>plebs</i>, or common people of ancient Rome, in distinction from <i>patrician</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of the common people, or lower rank of men.</def>

<h1>Plebeiance</h1>
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<hw>Ple*be"iance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Plebeianism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Plebeians, collectively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Plebeianism</h1>
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<hw>Ple*be"ian*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pl\'82b\'82ianisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being plebeian.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The conduct or manners of plebeians; vulgarity.</def>

<h1>Plebeianize</h1>
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<hw>Ple*be"ian*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plebeianized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Plebeianizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To render plebeian, common, or vulgar.</def>

<h1>Plebicolist</h1>
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<hw>Ple*bic"o*list</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plebs</ets> the common people + <ets>colere</ets> to cultivate.]</ety> <def>One who flatters, or courts the favor of, the common people; a demagogue.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Plebification</h1>
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<hw>Pleb`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plebs</ets> the common people + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>A rendering plebeian; the act of vulgarizing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>You begin with the attempt to popularize learning . . . but you will end in the <b>plebification</b> of knowledge.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plebiscitary</h1>
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<hw>Ple*bis"ci*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to plebiscite.</def>

<i>The Century.</i>

<h1>Plebiscite</h1>
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<hw>Pleb"i*scite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pl\'82biscite</ets>, fr. L. <ets>plebiscitum</ets>.]</ety> <def>A vote by universal male suffrage; especially, in France, a popular vote, as first sanctioned by the National Constitution of 1791.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>plebiscit</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote><b>Plebiscite</b> we have lately taken, in popular use, from the French.
<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plebiscitum</h1>
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<hw>Ple`bis*ci"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>plebs</ets>, <ets>plebis</ets>, common people + <ets>scitum</ets> decree.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A law enacted by the common people, under the superintendence of a tribune or some subordinate plebeian magistrate, without the intervention of the senate.</def>

<h1>Plectile</h1>
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<hw>Plec"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plectilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Woven; plaited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<hr>
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<h1>Plectognath</h1>
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<hw>Plec"tog*nath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Plectognathi.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Plectognathi.</def></def2>

<h1>Plectognathi</h1>
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<hw>Plec*to"gna*thi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ twisted (fr. <?/ to plait, twist) + <?/ jaw.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes generally having the maxillary bone united with the premaxillary, and the articular united with the dentary.</def>

<note>&hand; The upper jaw is immovably joined to the skull; the ventral fins are rudimentary or wanting; and the body is covered with bony plates, spines, or small rough ossicles, like shagreen. The order includes the diodons, filefishes, globefishes, and trunkfishes.</note>

<h1>Plectognathic, Plec-tognathous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plec`tog*nath"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Plec-tog"na*thous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Plectognathi.</def>

<h1>Plectospondyli</h1>
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<hw>Plec`to*spon"dy*li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ plaited + <?/, <?/, a vertebra.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive suborder of fresh-water physostomous fishes having the anterior vertebr\'91 united and much modified; the Eventognathi.</def>

<h1>Plectospondylous</h1>
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<hw>Plec`to*spon"dy*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Plectospondyli.</def>

<h1>Plectrum</h1>
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<hw>Plec"trum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Plectra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. Plectrums <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ anything to strike with, fr.<?/ to strike.]</ety> <def>A small instrument of ivory, wood, metal, or quill, used in playing upon the lyre and other stringed instruments.</def>

<h1>Pled</h1>
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<hw>Pled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Plead</er></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Pledge</h1>
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<hw>Pledge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>plege</ets>, <ets>pleige</ets>, pledge, guaranty, LL. <ets>plegium</ets>, <ets>plivium</ets>; akin to OF. <ets>plevir</ets> to bail, guaranty, perhaps fr. L. <ets>praebere</ets> to proffer, offer (<ets>sc.</ets> <ets>fidem</ets> a trust, a promise of security), but cf. also E. <ets>play</ets>. &root;28. Cf. <er>Prebend</er>, <er>Replevin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The transfer of possession of personal property from a debtor to a creditor as security for a debt or engagement; also, the contract created between the debtor and creditor by a thing being so delivered or deposited, forming a species of bailment; also, that which is so delivered or deposited; something put in pawn.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Pledge</i> is ordinarily confined to personal property; the title or ownership does not pass by it; possession is essential to it. In all these points it differs from a mortgage [see <er>Mortgage</er>]; and in the last, from the <i>hypotheca</i> of the Roman law. See <er>Hypotheca</er>.</note>

<i>Story. Kent.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A person who undertook, or became responsible, for another; a bail; a surety; a hostage.</def> "I am Grumio's <i>pledge</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A hypothecation without transfer of possession.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Anything given or considered as a security for the performance of an act; a guarantee; <as>as, mutual interest is the best <ex>pledge</ex> for the performance of treaties</as>.</def> "That voice, their liveliest <i>pledge</i> of hope."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A promise or agreement by which one binds one's self to do, or to refrain from doing, something; especially, a solemn promise in writing to refrain from using intoxicating liquors or the like; <as>as, to sign the <ex>pledge</ex>; the mayor had made no <ex>pledges</ex>.</as></def>

<-- esp. in "take the pledge" -->

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A sentiment to which assent is given by drinking one's health; a toast; a health.</def>

<cs><col>Dead pledge</col>. <ety>[A translation of <er>LL</er>. <ets>mortuum vadium<ets>.] <fld>(Law)<fld> <cd>A mortgage. See <er>Mortgage</er>.</cd> -- <col>Living pledge</col>. <ety>[A translation of LL. <ets>vivum vadium<ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>The conveyance of an estate to another for money borrowed, to be held by him until the debt is paid out of the rents and profits.</cd> -- <col>To hold in pledge</col>, <cd>to keep as security.</cd> -- <col>To put in pledge</col>, <cd>to pawn; to give as security.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Earnest</er>.</syn>

<h1>Pledge</h1>
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<hw>Pledge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pledged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pledging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>pleiger</ets> to give security. See <er>Pledge</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deposit, as a chattel, in pledge or pawn; to leave in possession of another as security; <as>as, <ex>to pledge</ex> one's watch</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give or pass as a security; to guarantee; to engage; to plight; <as>as, to <ex>pledge</ex> one's word and honor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We mutually <b>pledge</b> to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor.
<i>The Declaration of Independence.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To secure performance of, as by a pledge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>pledge</b> my vow, I give my hand.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To bind or engage by promise or declaration; to engage solemnly; <as>as, to <ex>pledge</ex> one's self</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To invite another to drink, by drinking of the cup first, and then handing it to him, as a pledge of good will; hence, to drink the health of; to toast.</def>

<blockquote><b>Pledge</b> me, my friend, and drink till thou be'st wise.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pledgee</h1>
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<hw>Pledg*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The one to whom a pledge is given, or to whom property pledged is delivered.</def>

<h1>Pledgeless</h1>
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<hw>Pledge"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no pledge.</def>

<h1>Pledgeor, Pledgor</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pledge*or"</hw>, <hw>Pledg*or"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who pledges, or delivers anything in pledge; a pledger; -- opposed to <ant>pledgee</ant>.</def>

<note>&hand; This word analogically requires the <i>e</i> after <i>g</i>, but the spelling <i>pledgor</i> is perhaps commoner.</note>

<h1>Pledger</h1>
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<hw>Pledg"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pledges.</def>

<h1>Pledgery</h1>
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<hw>Pledg"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>pleigerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pledging; suretyship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pledget</h1>
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<hw>Pledg"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E., a small plug.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small plug.</def> <mark>[Prov. End.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A string of oakum used in calking.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A compress, or small flat tent of lint, laid over a wound, ulcer, or the like, to exclude air, retain dressings, or absorb the matter discharged.</def>

<h1>Plegepoda</h1>
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<hw>Ple*gep"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. (<?/) a stroke + <ets>-poda</ets>.  In allusion to the rapid strokes of the vibrating cilia.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Infusoria</er>.</def>

<h1>Plelad</h1>
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<hw>Ple"lad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Pleiades.</def>

<h1>Pleiades</h1>
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<hw>Ple"ia*des</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. (<?/)]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>The seven daughters of Atlas and the nymph Pleione, fabled to have been made by Jupiter a constellation in the sky.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A group of small stars in the neck of the constellation Taurus.</def>

<i>Job xxxviii. 31.</i>

<note>&hand; Alcyone, the brightest of these, a star of the third magnitude, was considered by M\'84dler the central point around which our universe is revolving, but there is no sufficient evidence of such motion. Only six pleiads are distinctly visible to the naked eye, whence the ancients supposed that a sister had concealed herself out of shame for having loved a mortal, Sisyphus.</note>

<h1>Plein</h1>
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<hw>Plein</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Plan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Plein</h1>
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<hw>Plein</hw>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To complain. See <er>Plain</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Plein</h1>
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<hw>Plein</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. & F., fr. L. <ets>plenus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Full; complete.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Plein</i> remission." <i>Chaucer</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Plein"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pleiocene</h1>
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<hw>Plei"o*cene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Pliocene</er>.</def>

<h1>Pleiophyllous</h1>
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<hw>Plei*oph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ more + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having several leaves; -- used especially when several leaves or leaflets appear where normally there should be only one.</def>

<h1>Pleiosaurus</h1>
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<hw>Plei`o*sau"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pliosaurus</er>.</def>

<h1>Pleistocene</h1>
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<hw>Pleis"to*cene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ most + <?/ new.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the epoch, or the deposits, following the Tertiary, and immediately preceding man.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The Pleistocene epoch, or deposits.</def></def2>

<h1>Plenal</h1>
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<hw>Ple"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plenus</ets> full. Cf. <er>Plenary</er>.]</ety> <def>Full; complete; <as>as, a <ex>plenal</ex> view or act</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Plenarily</h1>
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<hw>Ple"na*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a plenary manner.</def>

<h1>Plenariness</h1>
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<hw>Ple"na*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality or state of being plenary.</def>

<h1>Plenarty</h1>
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<hw>Plen"ar*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of a benefice when occupied.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Plenary</h1>
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<hw>Ple"na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>plenarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>plenus</ets> full.  See <er>Plenty</er>.]</ety> <def>Full; entire; complete; absolute; <as>as, a <ex>plenary</ex> license; <ex>plenary</ex> authority.</as></def>

<blockquote>A treatise on a subject should be <b>plenary</b> or full.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Plenary indulgence</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>an entire remission of temporal punishment due to, or canonical penance for, all sins.</cd> -- <col>Plenary inspiration</col>. <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Inspiration</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plenary</h1>
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<hw>Ple"na*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Decisive procedure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Plene</h1>
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<hw>Plene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>\'91.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plenus</ets> full.]</ety> <def>Full; complete; plenary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Plenicorn</h1>
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<hw>Ple"ni*corn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plenus</ets> full + <ets>cornu</ets> horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A ruminant having solid horns or antlers, as the deer.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Plenilunary</h1>
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<hw>Plen`i*lu"na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the full moon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Plenilune</h1>
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<hw>Plen"i*lune</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plenilunium</ets>; <ets>plenus</ets> full + <ets>luna</ets> the moon.]</ety> <def>The full moon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Plenipotence, Plenipotency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ple*nip"o*tence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ple*nip"o*ten*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being plenipotent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Plenipotent</h1>
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<hw>Ple*nip"o*tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plenus</ets> full + <ets>potens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, potent.]</ety> <def>Possessing full power.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Plenipotentiary</h1>
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<hw>Plen`i*po*ten"ti*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Plenipotentiaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>plenipotentiarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pl\'82nipotentiaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person invested with full power to transact any business; especially, an ambassador or envoy to a foreign court, with full power to negotiate a treaty, or to transact other business.</def>

<h1>Plenipotentiary</h1>
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<hw>Plen`i*po*ten"ti*a*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing or conferring full power; invested with full power; <as>as, <ex>plenipotentiary</ex> license; <ex>plenipotentiary</ex> ministers.</as></def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Plenish</h1>
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<hw>Plen"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Replenish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To replenish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Reeve.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish; to stock, as a house or farm.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Plenishing</h1>
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<hw>Plen"ish*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Household furniture; stock.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Plenist</h1>
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<hw>Ple"nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plenus</ets> full; cf. F. <ets>pl\'82niste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who holds that all space is full of matter.</def>

<h1>Plenitude</h1>
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<hw>Plen"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plenitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>plenus</ets> full; cf. F. <ets>plenitude</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being full or complete; fullness; completeness; abundance; <as>as, the <ex>plenitude</ex> of space or power</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Animal fullness; repletion; plethora.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Plenitudinarian</h1>
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<hw>Plen`i*tu`di*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A plenist.</def>

<h1>Plenitudinary</h1>
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<hw>Plen`i*tu"di*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having plenitude; full; complete; thorough.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Plenteous</h1>
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<hw>Plen"te*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Plenty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Containing plenty; abundant; copious; plentiful; sufficient for every purpose; <as>as, a <ex>plenteous</ex> supply</as>.</def> "Reaping <i>plenteous</i> crop."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Yielding abundance; productive; fruitful.</def> "The seven <i>plenteous</i> years."

<i>Gen. xli. 34.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having plenty; abounding; rich.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord shall make thee <b>plenteous</b> in goods.
<i>Deut. xxviii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Plentiful; copious; full. <er>See Ample</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Plen"te*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Plen"te*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Plentevous</h1>
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<hw>Plen"te*vous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Plenteous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.

<h1>Plentiful</h1>
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<hw>Plen"ti*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Containing plenty; copious; abundant; ample; <as>as, a <ex>plentiful</ex> harvest; a <ex>plentiful</ex> supply of water.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Yielding abundance; prolific; fruitful.</def>

<blockquote>If it be a long winter, it is commonly a more <b>plentiful</b> year.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lavish; profuse; prodigal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He that is <b>plentiful</b> in expenses will hardly be preserved from
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Plen"ti*ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Plen"ti*ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Plenty</h1>
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<hw>Plen"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Plenties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, in <i>Shak</plu>.</i> <ety>[OE. <ets>plentee</ets>, <ets>plente</ets>, OF. <ets>plent\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>plenitas</ets>, fr. <ets>plenus</ets> full. See <er>Full</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Complete</er>.]</ety> <def>Full or adequate supply; enough and to spare; sufficiency; specifically, abundant productiveness of the earth; ample supply for human wants; abundance; copiousness.</def> "<i>Plenty</i> of corn and wine." <i>Gen. xxvii. 28</i>. "Promises Britain peace and <i>plenty</i>." <i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Houses of office stuffed with <b>plentee</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The teeming clouds Descend in gladsome <b>plenty</b> o'er the world.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Abundance; exuberance. See <er>Abundance</er>.</syn>

<h1>Plenty</h1>
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<hw>Plen"ty</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Plentiful; abundant.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>If reasons were as <b>plenty</b> as blackberries.
<i>Shak. (Folio ed.)</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those countries where shrubs are <b>plenty</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plenum</h1>
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<hw>Ple"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>plenus</ets> full.]</ety> <def>That state in which every part of space is supposed to be full of matter; -- opposed to <i>vacuum</i>.</def>

<i>G. Francis.</i>

<h1>Pleochroic</h1>
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<hw>Ple`o*chro"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the property of pleochroism.</def>

<h1>Pleochroism</h1>
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<hw>Ple*och"ro*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/ mor<?/ + <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The property possessed by some crystals, of showing different colors when viewed in the direction of different axes.</def>

<h1>Pleochromatic</h1>
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<hw>Ple*och`ro*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pleochroic.</def>

<h1>Pleochromatism</h1>
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<hw>Ple`o*chro"ma*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pleochroism.</def>

<h1>Pleochroous</h1>
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<hw>Ple*och"ro*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pleochroic.</def>

<h1>Pleomorphic</h1>
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<hw>Ple`o*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to pleomorphism; <as>as, the <ex>pleomorphic</ex> character of bacteria</as>.</def>

<h1>Pleomorphism</h1>
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<hw>Ple`o*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ more + <?/ form.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The property of crystallizing under two or more distinct fundamental forms, including <i>dimorphism</i> and <i>trimorphism</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The theory that the various genera of bacteria are phases or variations of growth of a number of Protean species, each of which may exhibit, according to undetermined conditions, all or some of the forms characteristic of the different genera and species.</def><-- thoroughly discredited, except for a few apparent examples of such a phenomenon. -->

<h1>Pleomorphous</h1>
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<hw>Ple`o*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the property of pleomorphism.</def>

<h1>Pleonasm</h1>
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<hw>Ple"o*nasm</hw>, <tt>(<?/)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pleonasmus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to be more than enough, to abound, fr.<?/, neut. of <?/, more, compar. of <?/ much. See <er>Full</er>, a., and cf. <er>Poly-</er>, <er>Plus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Redundancy of language in speaking or writing; the use of more words than are necessary to express the idea; <as>as, I saw it <ex>with my own eyes</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Pleonast</h1>
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<hw>Ple"o*nast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is addicted to pleonasm.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>C. Reade.</i>

<h1>Pleonaste</h1>
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<hw>Ple"o*naste</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/ abundant, rich; cf. F. <ets>pl</ets>\'82<ets>onaste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A black variety of spinel.</def>

<h1>Pleonastic, Pleonastical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ple`o*nas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ple`o*nas"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pl\'82onastique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to pleonasm; of the nature of pleonasm; redundant.</def>

<h1>Pleonastically</h1>
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<hw>Ple`o*nas"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pleonastic manner.</def>

<h1>Pleopod</h1>
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<hw>Ple"o*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Pleopods</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Pleopoda</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ to swim + <ets>-pod</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the abdominal legs of a crustacean. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Crustacea</er>.</def>

<h1>Plerome</h1>
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<hw>Ple"rome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ that which fills up, fr. <?/ to fill.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The central column of parenchyma in a growing stem or root.</def>

<h1>Plerophory</h1>
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<hw>Ple*roph"o*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ full + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <def>Fullness; full persuasion.</def> "A <i>plerophory</i> of assurance."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Plesance</h1>
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<hw>Ples"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pleasance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.

<h1>Plesh</h1>
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<hw>Plesh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pool; a plash.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Spenser</i>.

<h1>Plesimorphism</h1>
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<hw>Ple`si*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ near + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The property possessed by some substances of crystallizing in closely similar forms while unlike in chemical composition.</def>

<h1>Plesiomorphous</h1>
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<hw>Ple`si*o*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Nearly alike in form.</def>

<h1>Plesiosaur</h1>
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<hw>Ple"si*o*saur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>One of the Plesiosauria.</def>

<h1>Plesiosauria</h1>
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<hw>Ple`si*o*sau"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Plesiosaurus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct order of Mesozoic marine reptiles including the genera Plesiosaurus, and allied forms; -- called also <altname><spn>Sauropterygia</spn></altname>.</def>

<h1>Plesiosaurian</h1>
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<hw>Ple`si*o*sau"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A plesiosaur.</def>

<h1>Plesiosaurus</h1>
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<hw>Ple`si*o*sau"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Plesiosauri</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr <?/ near + <?/ a lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of large extinct marine reptiles, having a very long neck, a small head, and paddles for swimming. It lived in the Mesozoic age.</def>

<h1>Plessimeter</h1>
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<hw>Ples*sim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pleximeter</er>.</def>

<h1>Plete</h1>
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<hw>Plete</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To plead.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>P. Plowman.</i>

<h1>Plethora</h1>
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<hw>Pleth"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to be or become full. Cf. <er>Pleonasm</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Overfullness; especially, excessive fullness of the blood vessels; repletion; that state of the blood vessels or of the system when the blood exceeds a healthy standard in quantity; hyper\'91mia; -- opposed to <i>an\'91mia</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>State of being overfull; excess; superabundance.</def>

<blockquote>He labors under a <b>plethora</b> of wit and imagination.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plethoretic</h1>
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<hw>Pleth`o*ret"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Plethoric.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Plethoric</h1>
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<hw>Ple*thor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; cf. F. <ets>pl\'82thorique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Haeving a full habit of body; characterized by plethora or excess of blood; <as>as, a <ex>plethoric</ex> constitution</as>; -- used also metaphorically.</def> "<i>Plethoric</i> phrases." <i>Sydney Smith</i>. "<i>Plethoric</i> fullness of thought." <i>De Quincey</i>.

<h1>Plethorical</h1>
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<hw>Ple*thor"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Plethoric.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Ple*thor"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Plethory</h1>
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<hw>Pleth"o*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Plethora.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Plethron, Plethrum</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pleth"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pleth"rum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Plethra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A long measure of 100 Greek, or 101 English, feet; also, a square measure of 10,000 Greek feet.</def>

<h1>Plethysmograph</h1>
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<hw>Pleth"ys*mo*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an enlargement + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for determining and registering the variations in the size or volume of a limb, as the arm or leg, and hence the variations in the amount of blood in the limb.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pleth`ys*mo*graph"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<-- p. 1100  -->

<-- p. 100  -->

<h1>Plethysmography</h1>
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<hw>Pleth`ys*mog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The study, by means of the plethysmograph, of the variations in size of a limb, and hence of its blood supply.</def>

<h1>Pleura</h1>
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<hw>Pleu"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <def><tt>pl.</tt> of <er>Pleuron</er>.</def>

<h1>Pleura</h1>
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<hw>Pleu"ra</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Pleur\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Pleuras</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., <tt>n. fem.</tt>, fr. Gr. <?/ a rib, the side.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The smooth serous membrane which closely covers the lungs and the adjacent surfaces of the thorax; the pleural membrane.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The closed sac formed by the pleural membrane about each lung, or the fold of membrane connecting each lung with the body wall.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pleuron</er>.</def>

<h1>Pleural</h1>
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<hw>Pleu"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the pleura or pleur\'91, or to the sides of the thorax.</def>

<h1>Pleuralgia</h1>
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<hw>Pleu*ral"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ rib + <?/ pain.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pain in the side or region of the ribs.</def>

<h1>Pleurapophysis</h1>
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<hw>Pleu`ra*poph"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pleurapophyses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Pleura</er>, and <er>Apophysis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the ventral processes of a vertebra, or the dorsal element in each half of a hemal arch, forming, or corresponding to, a vertebral rib.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pleu*rap`o*phys"i*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Owen.</i>

<h1>Pleurenchyma</h1>
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<hw>Pleu*ren"chy*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ side + <?/, as in <ets>parenchyma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tissue consisting of long and slender tubular cells, of which wood is mainly composed.</def>

<h1>Pleuric</h1>
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<hw>Pleu"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pleural.</def>

<h1>Pleurisy</h1>
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<hw>Pleu"ri*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pleur\'82sie</ets>, L. <ets>pleurisis</ets>, <ets>pleuritis</ets>, Gr <grk>pleyri^tis</grk> (sc. <grk>no`sos</grk>), fr. <grk>pleyra`</grk> rib, side.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inflammation of the pleura, usually accompanied with fever, pain, difficult respiration, and cough, and with exudation into the pleural cavity.</def>

<cs><col>Pleurisy root</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The large tuberous root of a kind of milkweed (<spn>Asclepias tuberosa</spn>) which is used as a remedy for pleuritic and other diseases</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The plant itself, which has deep orange-colored flowers; -- called also <altname>butterfly weed</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pleurite</h1>
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<hw>Pleu"rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pleuron</er>.</def>

<h1>Pleuritic, Pleuritical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pleu*rit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pleu*rit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pleuriticus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>pleur\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to pleurisy; <as>as, <ex>pleuritic</ex> symptoms</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Suffering from pleurisy.</def>

<h1>Pleuritis</h1>
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<hw>Pleu*ri"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pleurisy.</def>

<h1>Pleuro-</h1>
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<hw>Pleu"ro-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Pleura</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form denoting <i>relation to a side</i>; specif., <i>connection with</i>, or <i>situation in</i> or <i>near</i>, <i>the pleura</i>; <as>as, <ex>pleuro</ex>peritoneum</as>.</def>

<h1>Pleurobrachia</h1>
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<hw>Pleu`ro*brach"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pleuro-</er>, and <er>Brachium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of ctenophores having an ovate body and two long plumose tentacles.</def>

<h1>Pleurobranch</h1>
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<hw>Pleu"ro*branch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pleuro-</er>, and <er>Branchia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of the gills of a crustacean that is attached to the side of the thorax.</def>

<h1>Pleurobranchia</h1>
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<hw>Pleu`ro*bran"chi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pleuroeranchi\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pleurobranch</er>.</def>

<h1>Pleurocarp</h1>
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<hw>Pleu"ro*carp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pleuro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any pleurocarpic moss.</def>

<h1>Pleurocarpic, Pleurocarpous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pleu`ro*car"pic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pleu`ro*car"pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Side-fruited; -- said of those true mosses in which the pedicels or the capsules are from lateral archegonia; -- opposed to <ant>acrocarpous</ant>.</def>

<h1>Pleurocentrum</h1>
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<hw>Pleu`ro*cen"trum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. see <er>Pleuro-</er>, and <er>Centrum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the lateral elements in the centra of the vertebr\'91 in some fossil batrachians.</def>

<h1>Pluroderes</h1>
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<hw>Plu*rod"e*res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the side + <?/ the neck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of fresh-water turtles in which the neck can not be retracted, but is bent to one side, for protection. The matamata is an example.</def>

<h1>Pleurodont</h1>
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<hw>Pleu"ro*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pleuro-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the teeth consolidated with the inner edge of the jaw, as in some lizards.</def>

<h1>Pleurodont</h1>
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<hw>Pleu"ro*dont</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any lizard having pleurodont teeth.</def>

<h1>Pleurodynia</h1>
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<hw>Pleu`ro*dyn"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ side + <?/ pain.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A painful affection of the side, simulating pleurisy, usually due to rheumatism.</def>

<h1>Pleuron</h1>
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<hw>Pleu"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pleura</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a rib.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the sides of an animal.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the lateral pieces of a somite of an insect</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>One of lateral processes of a somite of a crustacean.</def>

<h1>Pleuronectoid</h1>
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<hw>Pleu`ro*nec"toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Pleuronectes</ets>, name of a genus (fr. Gr. <?/ rib + <?/ a swimmer) + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the <spn>Pleuronectid\'91</spn>, or Flounder family.</def>

<h1>Pleuropericardial</h1>
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<hw>Pleu`ro*per`i*car"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the pleura and pericardium.</def>

<h1>Pleuroperipneumony</h1>
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<hw>Pleu`ro*per`ip*neu"mo*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pleuro-</ets> + <ets>peripneumony</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pleuropneumonia.</def>

<h1>Pleuroperitoneal</h1>
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<hw>Pleu`ro*per`i*to*ne"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the pleural and peritoneal membranes or cavities, or to the pleuroperitoneum.</def>

<h1>Pleuroperitoneum</h1>
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<hw>Pleu`ro*per`i*to*ne"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pleuro-</ets> + <ets>peritoneum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The pleural and peritoneal membranes, or the membrane lining the body cavity and covering the surface of the inclosed viscera; the peritoneum; -- used especially in the case of those animals in which the body cavity is not divided.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Peritoneum</i> is now often used in the sense of <i>pleuroperitoneum</i>, the pleur\'91 being regarded as a part of the peritoneum, when the body cavity is undivided.</note>

<h1>Pleuropneumonia</h1>
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<hw>Pleu`ro*pneu*mo"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pleuro-</ets> + <ets>pneumonia</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the pleura and lungs; a combination of pleurisy and pneumonia, esp. a kind of contagions and fatal lung plague of cattle.</def>

<h1>Pleuroptera</h1>
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<hw>Pleu*rop"te*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ side + <?/ wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Isectivora, including the colugo.</def>

<h1>Pleurosigma</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Pleu`ro*sig"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pleuro-</er>, and <er>Sigma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of diatoms of elongated elliptical shape, but having the sides slightly curved in the form of a letter <universbold>S<universbold>.  <spn>Pleurosigma angulatum</spn> has very fine striations, and is a favorite object for testing the high powers of microscopes.</def>

<h1>Pleurosteon</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Pleu*ros"te*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Pleurostea</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>-ons</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a rib + <?/ a bone.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The antero-lateral piece which articulates the sternum of birds.</def>

<h1>Pleurothotonus</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Pleu`ro*thot"o*nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ from the side + <?/ a stretching.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A species of tetanus, in which the body is curved laterally.</def>

<i>Quain. Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Pleurotoma</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Pleu*rot"o*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Pleurotom\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Pleurotomas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the side + <?/ a cut.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any marine gastropod belonging to <spn>Pleurotoma</spn>, and ether allied genera of the family <spn>Pleurotmid\'91</spn>. The species are very numerous, especially in tropical seas. The outer lip has usually a posterior notch or slit.</def>

<h1>Plevin</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plev"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>plevine</ets>. See <er>Replevin</er>.]</ety> <def>A warrant or assurance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Plexiform</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plex"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Plexus</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>Plexiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like network; complicated.</def><-- sic. no det. -->

<i>Quincy.</i>

<h1>Pleximeter</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plex*im"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ stroke, percussion (from <?/ to strike) + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A small, hard, elastic plate, as of ivory, bone, or rubber, placed in contact with body to receive the blow, in examination by mediate percussion.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>plexometer</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Plexure</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plex"ure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Plexus</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of weaving together, or interweaving; that which is woven together.</def>

<i>H. Brooke.</i>

<h1>Plexus</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plex"us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Plexus</plw>, E. <plw>Plexuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a twining, braid, fr. <ets>plectere</ets>, <ets>plexum</ets>, to twine, braid.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A network of vessels, nerves, or fibers.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The system of equations required for the complete expression of the relations which exist between a set of quantities.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Pley</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Pley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Play</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pley</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Pley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full See <er>Plein</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pleyt</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Pleyt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An old term for a river boat.</def>

<h1>Pliability</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Pli`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being pliable; flexibility; <as>as, <ex>pliability</ex> of disposition</as>.</def> "<i>Pliability</i> of movement."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Pliable</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Pli"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>plier</ets> to bend, to fold. See <er>Ply</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being plied, turned, or bent; easy to be bent; flexible; pliant; supple; limber; yielding; <as>as, willow is a <ex>pliable</ex> plant</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Flexible in disposition; readily yielding to influence, arguments, persuasion, or discipline; easy to be persuaded; -- sometimes in a bad sense; <as>as, a <ex>pliable</ex> youth</as>.</def> "<i>Pliable</i> she promised to be."

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pli"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Pli"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pliancy</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Pli"an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being pliant in sense; <as>as, the <ex>pliancy</ex> of a rod</as>.</def> "Avaunt all specious <i>pliancy</i> of mind."

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<h1>Pliant</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Pli"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pliant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>plier</ets> to bend. See <er>Ply</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of plying or bending; readily yielding to force or pressure without breaking; flexible; pliable; lithe; limber; plastic; <as>as, a <ex>pliant</ex> thread; <ex>pliant</ex> wax</as>.  Also used figuratively: Easily influenced for good or evil; tractable; <as>as, a <ex>pliant</ex> heart</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The will was then ductile and <b>pliant</b> to right reason.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Favorable to pliancy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A <i>pliant</i> hour."

<i>Shak.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pli"ant*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pli"ant*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Plica</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Pli"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., a fold, fr. L. <ets>plicare</ets> to fold. See <er>Ply</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease of the hair (<i>Plica polonica</i>), in which it becomes twisted and matted together. The disease is of Polish origin, and is hence called also <altname>Polish plait</altname>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A diseased state in plants in which there is an excessive development of small entangled twigs, instead of ordinary branches.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bend of the wing of a bird.</def>

<h1>Plicate, Plicated</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw><hw>Pli"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pli"ca*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>plicare</ets> to fold.]</ety> <def>Plaited; folded like a fan; <as>as, a <ex>plicate</ex> leaf</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pli"cate*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Plication</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Pli*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A folding or fold; a plait.</def>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<h1>Plicature</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plic"a*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plicatura</ets>, fr. <ets>plicare</ets> to fold.]</ety> <def>A fold; a doubling; a plication.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Plicidentine</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plic`i*den"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>plica</ets> fold + E. <ets>dentine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A form of dentine which shows sinuous lines of structure in a transverse section of the tooth.</def>

<h1>Plied</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Ply</er>.</def>

<h1>Pliers</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Pli"ers</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Ply</er> to bend, fold.]</ety> <def>A kind of small pinchers with long jaws, -- used for bending or cutting metal rods or wire, for handling small objects such as the parts of a watch, etc.</def>

<h1>Pliform</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Pli"form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ply</ets> a fold + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the form of a ply, fold, or doubling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pennant.</i>

<h1>Plight</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Plight</er>, to pledge.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Plight</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plight</hw>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Pluck</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Plight</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plight</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pliten</ets>; probably through Old French, fr. LL. <ets>plectare</ets>, L. <ets>plectere</ets>. See <er>Plait</er>, <er>Ply</er>.]</ety> <def>To weave; to braid; to fold; to plait.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To sew and <i>plight</i>."<-- in the sense of fold, = pleat [plait 2 in MW10]-->

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>plighted</b> garment of divers colors.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plight</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plight</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A network; a plait; a fold; rarely a garment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Many a folded <i>plight</i>."<-- = pleat -->

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Plight</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plight</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pliht</ets> danger, engagement, AS. <ets>pliht</ets> danger, fr. <ets>ple\'a2n</ets> to risk; akin to D. <ets>plicht</ets> duty, G. <ets>pflicht</ets>, Dan. <ets>pligt</ets>. &root;28. Cf. <er>Play</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is exposed to risk; that which is plighted or pledged; security; a gage; a pledge.</def> "That lord whose hand must take my <i>plight</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Perh. the same word as <ets>plight</ets> a pledge, but at least influenced by OF. <ets>plite</ets>, <ets>pliste</ets>, <ets>ploit</ets>, <ets>ploi</ets>, a condition, state; cf. E. <ets>plight</ets> to fold, and F. <ets>pli</ets> a fold, habit, <ets>plier</ets> to fold, E. <ets>ply</ets>.]</ety> <def>Condition; state; -- risk, or exposure to danger, often being implied; <as>as, a luckless <ex>plight</ex></as>.</def> "Your <i>plight</i> is pitied."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>To bring our craft all in another <b>plight</b>
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plight</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plight</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plighted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Plighting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>plihtan</ets> to expose to danger, <ets>pliht</ets> danger;cf. D. ver<ets>plichten</ets> to oblige, engage, impose a duty, G. ver<ets>pflichten</ets>, Sw. f\'94r<ets>plikta</ets>, Dan. for<ets>pligte</ets>. See <er>Plight</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pledge; to give as a pledge for the performance of some act; as, to <i>plight</i> faith, honor, word; -- never applied to property or goods. " To do them <i>plighte</i> their troth."

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<blockquote>He <b>plighted</b> his right hand
Unto another love, and to another land.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Here my inviolable faith I <b>plight</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To promise; to engage; to betroth.</def>

<blockquote>Before its setting hour, divide
The bridegroom from the <b>plighted</b> bride.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plighter</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plight"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, plights.</def>

<h1>Plim</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Plump</er>.]</ety> <def>To swell, as grain or wood with water.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Grose.</i>

<h1>Plimsoll's mark</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plim"soll's mark`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A mark conspicuously painted on the port side of all British sea-going merchant vessels, to indicate the limit of submergence allowed by law; -- so called from Samuel <ets>Plimsoll</ets>, by whose efforts the act of Parliament to prevent overloading was procured.</def>

<h1>Plinth</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plinth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plinthus</ets>, Gr. <?/ a brick or tile, a plinth, perh. akin to E. <ets>flint</ets>: cf. F. <ets>plinthe</ets>.]</ety> <def>(Arch.) In classical architecture, a vertically faced member immediately below the circular base of a column; also, the lowest member of a pedestal; hence, in general, the lowest member of a base; a sub-base; a block upon which the moldings of an architrave or trim are stopped at the bottom. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Column</er>.</def>

<h1>Pliocene</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Pli"o*cene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <ets>pleiocene</ets>.]</altsp> <ety>[Gr. <?/ more + <?/ new, recent.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or characterizing, the most recent division of the Tertiary age.</def>

<h1>Pliocene</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Pli"o*cene</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The Pliocene period or deposits.</def>

<h1>Pliohippus</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Pli`o*hip"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>plio</ets>cene + Gr. <?/ horse.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of horses from the Pliocene deposits. Each foot had a single toe (or hoof), as in the common horse.</def>

<h1>Pliosaurus</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Pli`o*sau"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ greater + <?/ lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of marine reptiles allied to Plesiosaurus, but having a much shorter neck.</def>

<h1>Plitt</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plitt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>plete</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument of punishment or torture resembling the knout, used in Russia.</def>

<h1>Ploc</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Ploc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A mixture of hair and tar for covering the bottom of a ship.</def>

<h1>Ploce</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plo"ce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ complication, fr. <?/ to entwine.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure in which a word is separated or repeated by way of emphasis, so as not only to signify the individual thing denoted by it, but also its peculiar attribute or quality; <as>as, "His <ex>wife</ex>'s a <ex>wife</ex> indeed</as>."</def>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Plod</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plodded</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Plodding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gf. Gael. <ets>plod</ets> a clod, a pool; also, to strike or pelt with a clod or clods.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To travel slowly but steadily; to trudge.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To toil; to drudge; especially, to study laboriously and patiently.</def> "<i>Plodding</i> schoolmen."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Plod</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plod</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To walk on slowly or heavily.</def>

<blockquote>The ploughman homeward <b>plods</b> his weary way.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plodder</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plod"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who plods; a drudge.</def>

<h1>Plodding</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plod"ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Progressing in a slow, toilsome manner; characterized by laborious diligence; <as>as, a <ex>plodding</ex> peddler; a <ex>plodding</ex> student; a man of <ex>plodding</ex> habits.</as></def> --<wordforms><wf>Plod"ding*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Plonge</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plonge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Plunge</er>.]</ety> <def>To cleanse, as open drains which are entered by the tide, by stirring up the sediment when the tide ebbs.</def>

<h1>Plong\'82e</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plon`g\'82e"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Plunge</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A slope or sloping toward the front; <as>as, the <ex>plong\'82e</ex> of a parapet; the <ex>plong\'82e</ex> of a shell in its course.</as></def> <altsp>[Sometimes written <asp>plonge</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Plot</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>plot</ets>; cf. Goth. <ets>plats</ets> a patch. Cf. <er>Plat</er> a piece of ground.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small extent of ground; a plat; <as>as, a garden <ex>plot</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A plantation laid out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Surv.)</fld> <def>A plan or draught of a field, farm, estate, etc., drawn to a scale.</def>

<h1>Plot</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plot</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plotted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Plotting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a plot, map, pr plan, of; to mark the position of on a plan; to delineate.</def>

<blockquote> This treatise <b>plotteth</b> down Cornwall as it now standeth.
<i>Carew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plot</h1>
<Xpage=100>

<hw>Plot</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. from <ets>complot</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any scheme, stratagem, secret design, or plan, of a complicated nature, adapted to the accomplishment of some purpose, usually a treacherous and mischievous one; a conspiracy; an intrigue; <as>as, the Rye-house <ex>Plot</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>I have overheard a <b>plot</b> of death.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O, think what anxious moments pass between
The birth of <b>plots</b> and their last fatal periods!
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A share in such a plot or scheme; a participation in any stratagem or conspiracy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And when Christ saith. Who marries the divorced commits adultery, it is to be understood, if he had any <b>plot</b> in the divorce.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<-- p. 101  -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Contrivance; deep reach thought; ability to plot or intrigue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A man of much <i>plot</i>."

<i>Denham.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A plan; a purpose.</def> "No other <i>plot</i> in their religion but serve Got and save their souls."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>In fiction, the story of a play, novel, romance, or poem, comprising a complication of incidents which are gradually unfolded, sometimes by unexpected means.</def>

<blockquote>If the <b>plot</b> or intrigue must be natural, and such as springs from the subject, then the winding up of the <b>plot</b> must be a probable consequence of all that went before.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Intrigue; stratagem; conspiracy; cabal; combination; contrivance.</syn>

<h1>Plot</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Plot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form a scheme of mischief against another, especially against a government or those who administer it; to conspire.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The wicked <b>plotteth</b> against the just.
<i>Ps. xxxvii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To contrive a plan or stratagem; to scheme.</def>

<blockquote>The prince did <b>plot</b> to be secretly gone.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plot</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Plot</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To plan; to scheme; to devise; to contrive secretly.</def> "<i>Plotting</i> an unprofitable crime." <i>Dryden</i>. "<i>Plotting</i> now the fall of others."

<i>Milton</i>

<h1>Plotful</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Plot"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding with plots.</def>

<h1>Pletinian</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Ple*tin"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Of pertaining to the Plotinists or their doctrines.</def>

<h1>Plotinist</h1>
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<hw>Plo*ti"nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A disciple of Plotinus, a celebrated Platonic philosopher of the third century, who taught that the human soul emanates from the divine Being, to whom it reunited at death.</def>

<h1>Plot-proof</h1>
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<hw>Plot"-proof`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Secure against harm by plots.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Plotter</h1>
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<hw>Plot"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who plots or schemes; a contriver; a conspirator; a schemer.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Plough</h1>
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<hw>Plough</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Plow</er>.</def>

<h1>Plover</h1>
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<hw>Plov"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>plovier</ets>, F. <ets>pluvier</ets>, prop., the rain bird, fr. LL. (assumed) <ets>pluviarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pluvia</ets> rain, from <ets>pluere</ets> to rain; akin to E. <ets>float</ets>, G. <ets>fliessen</ets> to flow. See <er>Float</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of limicoline birds belonging to the family <spn>Charadrid\'91</spn>, and especially those belonging to the subfamily <spn>Charadrins\'91</spn>. They are prized as game birds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any grallatorial bird allied to, or resembling, the true plovers, as the crab plover (<spn>Dromas ardeola</spn>); the American upland, plover (<spn>Bartramia longicauda</spn>); and other species of sandpipers.</def>

<note>&hand; Among the more important species are the <stype>blackbellied, &or; blackbreasted, plover</stype> (<spn>Charadrius squatarola</spn>) of America and Europe; -- called also <altname>gray plover</altname>, <altname>bull-head plover</altname>, <altname>Swiss plover</altname>, <altname>sea plover</altname>, and <altname>oxeye</altname>; the <stype>golden plover</stype> (see under <er>Golden</er>); the <stype>ring &or; ringed plover</stype> (<spn>\'92gialitis hiaticula</spn>). See <er>Ringneck</er>. The <stype>piping plover</stype> (<spn>\'92gialitis meloda</spn>); <stype>Wilson's plover</stype> (<spn>\'92. Wilsonia</spn>); the <stype>mountain plover</stype> (<spn>\'92. montana</spn>); and the <stype>semipalmated plover</stype> (<spn>\'92. semipalmata</spn>), are all small American species.</note>

<cs><col>Bastard plover</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the lapwing.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Long-legged</col>, &or; <col>yellow-legged</col>, <col>plover</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Tattler</er>.</cd> -- <col>Plover's page</col>, <cd>the dunlin.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>Rock plover</col>, &or; <col>Stone plover</col></mcol>, <cd>the black-bellied plover.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Whistling plover</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The golden plover</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The black-bellied plover.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plow, Plough</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plow</hw>, <hw>Plough</hw><hw> <tt>(plou)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>plouh</ets>, <ets>plou</ets>, AS. <ets>pl\'d3h</ets>; akin to D. <ets>ploeg</ets>, G. <ets>pflug</ets>, OHG. <ets>pfluog</ets>, <ets>pfluoh</ets>, Icel. <ets>pl\'d3gr</ets>, Sw. <ets>plog</ets>, Dan. <ets>ploug</ets>, <ets>plov</ets>, Russ. <ets>plug'</ets>, Lith. <ets>plugas</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A well-known implement, drawn by horses, mules, oxen, or other power, for turning up the soil to prepare it for bearing crops; also used to furrow or break up the soil for other purposes; <as>as, the subsoil <ex>plow</ex>; the draining <ex>plow</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Where fern succeeds ungrateful to the <b>plow</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Agriculture; husbandry.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A carucate of land; a plowland.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>Johan, mine eldest son, shall have <b>plowes</b> five.
<i>Tale of Gamelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A joiner's plane for making grooves; a grooving plane.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld> <def>An implement for trimming or shaving off the edges of books.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Charles's Wain</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Ice plow</col>, <cd>a plow used for cutting ice on rivers, ponds, etc.</cd>, into cakes suitable for storing. <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Mackerel plow</col>. <cd>See under <er>Mackerel</er>.</cd> -- <col>Plow alms</col>, <cd>a penny formerly paid by every plowland to the church. <i>Cowell</i>.</cd> -- <col>Plow beam</col>, <cd>that part of the frame of a plow to which the draught is applied. See <er>Beam</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 9.</cd> -- <col>Plow Monday</col>, <cd>the Monday after Twelth Day, or the end of Christmas holidays.</cd> -- <col>Plow staff</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A kind of long-handled spade or paddle for cleaning the plowshare; a paddle staff</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A plow handle.</cd> -- <col>Snow plow</col>, <cd>a structure, usually <LAMBDA/-shaped, for removing snow from sidewalks, railroads, etc., -- drawn or driven by a horse or a locomotive.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plow, Plough</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plow</hw>, <hw>Plough</hw>,<hw> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plowed</er> <tt>(ploud)</tt> or <er>Ploughed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Plowing</er> or <er>Ploughing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To turn up, break up, or trench, with a plow; to till with, or as with, a plow; <as>as, to <ex>plow</ex> the ground; to <ex>plow</ex> a field.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furrow; to make furrows, grooves, or ridges in; to run through, as in sailing.</def>

<blockquote>Let patient Octavia <b>plow</b> thy visage up
With her prepared nails.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With speed we <b>plow</b> the watery way.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld> <def>To trim, or shave off the edges of, as a book or paper, with a plow. See <er>Plow</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Joinery)</fld> <def>To cut a groove in, as in a plank, or the edge of a board; especially, a rectangular groove to receive the end of a shelf or tread, the edge of a panel, a tongue, etc.</def>

<cs><col>To plow in</col>, <cd>to cover by plowing; <as>as, <ex>to plow in<ex> wheat</as>.</cd> -- <col>To plow up</col>, <cd>to turn out of the ground by plowing.</cd></cs><-- <col>plow ahead</col>, <cd>to continue in spite of obstacles or resistence by others.</cd> <note>Often used in a bad sense, meaning to continue obstinately in spite of the contrary advice of others.</note> <col>plow through</col>, <cd>to execute a difficult or laborious task steadily, esp. one containing many parts; as, he plowed through the stack of correspondence until all had been answered.</cd>  -->

<h1>Plow, Plough</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plow</hw>, <hw>Plough</hw><hw> <tt>(plou)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To labor with, or as with, a plow; to till or turn up the soil with a plow; to till or turn up the soil with a plow; to prepare the soil or bed for anything.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Doth the plowman <b>plow</b> all day to sow ?
<i>Isa. xxviii. 24.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plowable, Ploughable</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plow"a*ble</hw>, <hw>Plough"a*ble</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being plowed; arable.</def>

<h1>Plowbote, Ploughbote</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plow"bote`</hw>, <hw>Plough"bote`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Wood or timber allowed to a tenant for the repair of instruments of husbandry. See <er>Bote</er>.</def>

<h1>Plowboy, Ploughboy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plow"boy`</hw>, <hw>Plough"boy`</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A boy that drives or guides a team in plowing; a young rustic.</def>

<h1>Plower, Plougher</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plow"er</hw>, <hw>Plough"er</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who plows; a plowman; a cultivator.</def>

<h1>Plowfoot, Ploughfoot</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plow"foot`</hw>, <hw>Plough"foot`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An adjustable staff formerly attached to the plow beam to determine the depth of the furrow.</def>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Plowgang, Ploughgang</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plow"gang`</hw>, <hw>Plough"gang`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Plowgate</er>.</def>

<h1>Plowgate, Ploughgate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plow"gate`</hw>, <hw>Plough"gate`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The Scotch equivalent of the English word <altname>plowland</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>Not having one <b>plowgate</b> of land.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plowhead, Ploughhead</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plow"head`</hw>, <hw>Plough"head`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The clevis or draught iron of a plow.</def>

<h1>Plowland, Plougland</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plow"land`</hw>, <hw>Ploug"land`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Land that is plowed, or suitable for tillage.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>the quantity of land allotted for the work of one plow; a hide.</def>

<h1>Plowman, Ploughman</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plow"man</hw>, <hw>Plough"man</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-men</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who plows, or who holds and guides a plow; hence, a husbandman.</def>

<i>Chaucer. Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rustic; a countryman; a field laborer.</def>

<cs><col>Plowman's spikenard</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a European composite weed (<spn>Conyza squarrosa</spn>), having fragrant roots.</cd></cs>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Plowpoint, Ploughpoint</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plow"point`</hw>, <hw>Plough"point`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A detachable share at the extreme front end of the plow body.</def>

<h1>Plowshare, Ploughshare</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plow"share`</hw>, <hw>Plough"share"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The share of a plow, or that part which cuts the slice of earth or sod at the bottom of the furrow.</def>

<cs><col>Plowshare bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the pygostyle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plowtail, Ploughtail</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plow"tail`</hw>, <hw>Plough"tail`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The hind part or handle of a plow.</def>

<h1>Plowwright, Ploughwright</h1>
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<hw><hw>Plow"wright`</hw>, <hw>Plough"wright`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes or repairs plows.</def>

<h1>Ploy</h1>
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<hw>Ploy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sport; frolic.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Ploy</h1>
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<hw>Ploy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Prob. abbrev. fr. <ets>deploy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To form a column from a line of troops on some designated subdivision; -- the opposite of <i>deploy</i>.</def>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<h1>Ployment</h1>
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<hw>Ploy"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The act or movement of forming a column from a line of troops on some designated subdivision; -- the opposite of <i>deployment</i>.</def>

<h1>Pluck</h1>
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<hw>Pluck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plucked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Plucking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>pluccian</ets>; akin to LG. & D. <ets>plukken</ets>, G. <ets>pfl\'81cken</ets>, Icel. <ets>plokka</ets>, <ets>plukka</ets>, Dan. <ets>plukke</ets>, Sw. <ets>plocka</ets>. <?/27.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pull; to draw.</def>

<blockquote>Its own nature . . . <b>plucks</b> on its own dissolution.
<i>Je<?/. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Especially, to pull with sudden force or effort, or to pull off or out from something, with a twitch; to twitch; also, to gather, to pick; <as>as, to <ex>pluck</ex> feathers from a fowl; to <ex>pluck</ex> hair or wool from a skin; to <ex>pluck</ex> grapes.</as></def>

<blockquote>I come to <b>pluck</b> your berries harsh and crude.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>E'en children followed, with endearing wile,
And <b>plucked</b> his gown to share the good man's smile.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To strip of, or as of, feathers; <as>as, to <ex>pluck</ex> a fowl</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They which pass by the way do <b>pluck</b> her.
<i>Ps. lxxx.<?/2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eng. Universities)</fld> <def>To reject at an examination for degrees.</def>

<i>C. Bront\'82.</i>

<cs><col>To pluck away</col>, <cd>to pull away, or to separate by pulling; to tear away.</cd> -- <col>To pluck down</col>, <cd>to pull down; to demolish; to reduce to a lower state.</cd> -- <col>to pluck off</col>, <cd>to pull or tear off; <as>as, <ex>to pluck off<ex> the skin</as>.</cd> -- <col>to pluck up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To tear up by the roots or from the foundation; to eradicate; to exterminate; to destroy; <as>as, <ex>to pluck up<ex> a plant; <ex>to pluk up<ex> a nation</as></cd>. <i>Jer. xii. 17</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To gather up; to summon; <as>as, <ex>to pluck up<ex> courage</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pluck</h1>
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<hw>Pluck</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a motion of pulling or twitching; -- usually with <i>at</i>; <as>as, to <ex>pluck</ex> at one's gown</as>.</def>

<h1>Pluck</h1>
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<hw>Pluck</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of plucking; a pull; a twitch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Prob. so called as being <ets>plucked</ets> out after the animal is killed; or cf. Gael. & Ir. <ets>pluc</ets> a lump, a knot, a bunch.]</ety> <def>The heart, liver, and lights of an animal.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Spirit; courage; indomitable resolution; fortitude.</def>

<blockquote>Decay of English spirit, decay of manly <b>pluck</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of plucking, or the state of being plucked, at college. See <er>Pluck</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 4.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lyrie.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Plucked</h1>
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<hw>Plucked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having courage and spirit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Plucker</h1>
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<hw>Pluck"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, plucks.</def>

<blockquote>Thou setter up and <b>plucker</b> down of kings.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A machine for straightening and cleaning wool.</def>

<h1>Pluckily</h1>
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<hw>Pluck"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a plucky manner.</def>

<h1>Pluckiness</h1>
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<hw>Pluck"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being plucky.</def>

<h1>Pluckless</h1>
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<hw>Pluck"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without pluck; timid; faint-hearted.</def>

<h1>Plucky</h1>
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<hw>Pluck"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Pluckier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Pluckiest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Having pluck or courage; characterized by pluck; displaying pluck; courageous; spirited; <as>as, a <ex>plucky</ex> race</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If you're <b>plucky</b>, and not over subject to fright.
<i>Barham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pluff</h1>
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<hw>Pluff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Prob. of imitative origin.]</ety> <def>To throw out, as smoke, dust, etc., in puffs.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Pluff</h1>
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<hw>Pluff</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A puff, as of smoke from a pipe, or of dust from a puffball; a slight explosion, as of a small quantity of gunpowder.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hairdresser's powder puff; also, the act of using it.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Plug</h1>
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<hw>Plug</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>plug</ets>, G. <ets>pflock</ets>, Dan. <ets>pl\'94k</ets>, <ets>plug</ets>, Sw. <ets>plugg</ets>; cf. W. <ets>ploc</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any piece of wood, metal, or other substance used to stop or fill a hole; a stopple.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A flat oblong cake of pressed tobacco.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A high, tapering silk hat.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A worthless horse.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Building)</fld> <def>A block of wood let into a wall, to afford a hold for nails.</def>

<cs><col>Fire plug</col>, <cd>a street hydrant to which hose may be attached.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Hawse plug</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a plug to stop a hawse hole.</cd> -- <col>Plug and feather</col>. <fld>(Stone Working)</fld> <cd>See <er>Feather</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 7.</cd> -- <col>Plug centerbit</col>, <cd>a centerbit ending in a small cylinder instead of a point, so as to follow and enlarge a hole previously made, or to form a counterbore around it.</cd> -- <col>Plug rod</col> <fld>(Steam Eng.)</fld> <cd>, a rod attached to the beam for working the valves, as in the Cornish engine.</cd> -- <col>Plug valve</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a tapering valve, which turns in a case like the <i>plug<i> of a faucet.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plug</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Plug</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plugged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Plugging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To stop with a plug; to make tight by stopping a hole.</def>

<h1>Plugger</h1>
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<hw>Plug"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, plugs.</def>

<h1>Plugging</h1>
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<hw>Plug"ging</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of stopping with a plug.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The material of which a plug or stopple is made.</def>

<h1>Plum</h1>
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<hw>Plum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.<ets>pl&umac;me</ets>, fr. L. <ets>prunum</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/, <?/. Cf. <er>Prune</er> a dried plum.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The edible drupaceous fruit of the <spn>Prunus domestica</spn>, and of several other species of <spn>Prunus</spn>; also, the tree itself, usually called <altname>plum tree</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>The bullace, the damson, and the numerous varieties of <b>plum</b>, of our gardens, although growing into thornless trees, are believed to be varieties of the blackthorn, produced by long cultivation.
<i>G. Bentham.</i></blockquote>

<-- the types marked <col> are in bold format, like collocations. -->
<note>&hand; Two or three hundred varieties of plums derived from the <spn>Prunus domestica</spn> are described; among them the <i>greengage</i>, the <i>Orleans</i>, the <i>purple gage</i>, or <i>Reine Claude Violette</i>, and the <i>German prune</i>, are some of the best known.</note>

<note>&hand; Among the true plums are; <col>Beach plum</col>, the <spn>Prunus maritima</spn>, and its crimson or purple globular drupes, -- <col>Bullace plum</col>. See <er>Bullace</er>. -- <col>Chickasaw plum</col>, the American <spn>Prunus Chicasa</spn>, and its round red drupes. -- <col>Orleans plum</col>, a dark reddish purple plum of medium size, much grown in England for sale in the markets. -- <col>Wild plum of America</col>, <spn>Prunus Americana</spn>, with red or yellow fruit, the original of the <stype>Iowa plum</stype> and several other varieties.

   Among plants called <i>plum</i>, but of other genera than <spn>Prunus</spn>, are; <col>Australian plum</col>, <spn>Cargillia arborea</spn> and <spn>C. australis</spn>, of the same family with the persimmon. -- <col>Blood plum</col>, the West African <spn>H\'91matostaphes Barteri</spn>. -- <col>Cocoa plum</col>, the Spanish nectarine. See under <er>Nectarine</er>. -- <col>Date plum</col>. See under <er>Date</er>. -- <col>Gingerbread plum</col>, the West African <spn>Parinarium macrophyllum</spn>. -- <col>Gopher plum</col>, the Ogeechee lime. -- <mcol><col>Gray plum</col>, <col>Guinea plum</col></mcol>. See under <er>Guinea</er>. -- <col>Indian plum</col>, several species of <spn>Flacourtia</spn>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A grape dried in the sun; a raisin.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A handsome fortune or property; formerly, in cant language, the sum of \'9c100,000 sterling; also, the person possessing it.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Plum bird</col>, <col>Plum budder</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European bullfinch.</cd> -- <col>Plum gouger</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a weevil, or curculio (<spn>Coccotorus scutellaris</spn>), which destroys plums. It makes round holes in the pulp, for the reception of its eggs. The larva bores into the stone and eats the kernel.</cd> -- <col>Plum weevil</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American weevil which is very destructive to plums, nectarines cherries, and many other stone fruits. It lays its eggs in crescent-shaped incisions made with its jaws. The larva lives upon the pulp around the stone. Called also <altname>turk</altname>, and <altname>plum curculio</altname>. See <i>Illust<i>. under <er>Curculio</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pluma</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Plu"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Plum\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A feather.</def>

<h1>Plumage</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Plum"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from <ets>plume</ets> a feather.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The entire clothing of a bird.</def>

<note>&hand; It consist of the <i>contour feathers</i>, or the ordinary feathers covering the head, neck, and body; the <i>tail feathers</i>, with their upper and lower coverts; the <i>wing feathers</i>, including primaries, secondaries, and tertiaries, with their coverts; and the <i>down</i> which lies beneath the contour feathers. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Bird</er>.</note>

<h1>Plumassary</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Plu*mas"sa*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>plumasseau</ets>.]</ety> <def>A plume or collection of ornamental feathers.</def>

<h1>Plumassier</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Plu`mas`sier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>One who prepares or deals in ornamental plumes or feathers.</def>

<h1>Plumb</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Plumb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>plomb</ets>, L. <ets>plumbum</ets> lead, a leaden ball or bullet; cf. Gr. <?/, <?/, <?/. Cf. <er>Plummet</er>, <er>Plunge</er>.]</ety> <def>A little mass or weight of lead, or the like, attached to a line, and used by builders, etc., to indicate a vertical direction; a plummet; a plumb bob. See <cref>Plumb line</cref>, below.</def>

<cs><col>Plumb bob</col>. <cd>See <er>Bob</er>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Plumb joint</col>, <cd>in sheet-metal work, a lap joint, fastened by solder.</cd> -- <col>Plumb level</col>. <cd>See under <er>Level</er>.</cd> -- <col>Plumb line</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The cord by which a plumb bob is suspended; a plummet</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A line directed to the center of gravity of the earth.</cd> -- <col>Plumb rule</col>, <cd>a narrow board with a plumb line, used by builders and carpenters.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plumb</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Plumb</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Perpendicular; vertical; conforming the direction of a line attached to a plumb; <as>as, the wall is <ex>plumb</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Plumb</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Plumb</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a plumb direction; perpendicularly.</def> "<i>Plumb</i> down he falls."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Plumb</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Plumb</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plumbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Plumbing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To adjust by a plumb line; to cause to be perpendicular; <as>as, to <ex>plumb</ex> a building or a wall</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sound with a plumb or plummet, as the depth of water; hence, to examine by test; to ascertain the depth, quality, dimension, etc.; to sound; to fathom; to test.</def>

<blockquote>He did not attempt to <b>plumb</b> his intellect.
<i>Ld. Lytton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To seal with lead; <as>as, to <ex>plumb</ex> a drainpipe</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To supply, as a building, with a system of plumbing.</def>

<h1>Plumbage</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Plumb"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Leadwork</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Plumbagin</h1>
<Xpage=101>

<hw>Plum*ba"gin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plumbago</ets> leadwort, fr. <ets>plumbum</ets> lead; cf. F. <ets>plombagin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline substance said to be found in the root of a certain plant of the Leadwort (<spn>Plumbago</spn>) family.</def>

<-- p. 102  -->

<h1>Plumbagineous</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plum`ba*gin"e*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to natural order (<spn>Plumbagine\'91</spn>) of gamopetalous herbs, of which plumbago is the type. The order includes also the marsh rosemary, the thrift, and a few other genera.</def>

<h1>Plumbaginous</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plum*bag"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling plumbago; consisting of, or containing, plumbago; <as>as, a <ex>plumbaginous</ex> slate</as>.</def>

<h1>Plumbago</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plum*ba"go</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from <ets>plumbum</ets> lead.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Graphite</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbaceous plants with pretty salver-shaped corollas, usually blue or violet; leadwort.</def>

<h1>Plumbean, Plumbeous</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw><hw>Plum"be*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Plum"be*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plumbeus</ets>, from <ets>plumbum</ets> the metal lead.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of, or resembling, lead.</def>

<i>J. Ellis.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dull; heavy; stupid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. P. Smith.</i>

<h1>Plumber</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plumb"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>plombier</ets>. See <er>Plumb</er>.]</ety> <def>One who works in lead; esp., one who furnishes, fits, and repairs lead, iron, or glass pipes, and other apparatus for the conveyance of water, gas, or drainage in buildings.</def>

<h1>Plumber block</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plumb"er block`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A pillow block.</def>

<h1>Plumbery</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plumb"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>plomberie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The business of a plumber.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place where plumbing is carried on; lead works.</def>

<h1>Plumbic</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plum"bic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Plumbum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, resembling, or containing, lead; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which it has a higher valence as contrasted with <i>plumbous</i> compounds; <as>as, <ex>plumbic</ex> oxide</as>.</def>

<h1>Plumbiferous</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plum*bif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Plumbum</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing or containing lead.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<h1>Plumbing</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plumb"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of casting and working in lead, and applying it to building purposes; especially, the business of furnishing, fitting, and repairing pipes for conducting water, sewage, etc.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The lead or iron pipes, and other apparatus, used in conveying water, sewage, etc., in a building.</def>

<h1>Plumbism</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plum"bism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Plumbum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A diseased condition, produced by the absorption of lead, common among workers in this metal or in its compounds, as among painters, typesetters, etc. It is characterized by various symptoms, as lead colic, lead line, and wrist drop. See under <er>Colic</er>, <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Wrist</er>.</def>

<h1>Plumbous</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plum"bous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Plumbum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, lead; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which it has a lower valence as contrasted with <i>plumbic</i> compounds.</def>

<h1>Plumbum</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plum"bum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The technical name of lead. See <er>Lead</er>.</def>

<h1>Plume</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plume</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>pluma</ets>. Cf. <er>Fly</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A feather; esp., a soft, downy feather, or a long, conspicuous, or handsome feather.</def>

<blockquote>Wings . . . of many a colored <b>plume</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An ornamental tuft of feathers.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A feather, or group of feathers, worn as an ornament; a waving ornament of hair, or other material resembling feathers.</def>

<blockquote>His high <b>plume</b>, that nodded o'er his head.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A token of honor or prowess; that on which one prides himself; a prize or reward.</def> "Ambitious to win from me some <i>plume</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large and flexible panicle of inflorescence resembling a feather, such as is seen in certain large ornamental grasses.</def>

<cs><col>Plume bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any bird that yields ornamental plumes, especially the species of Epimarchus from New Guinea, and some of the herons and egrets, as the white heron of Florida (<spn>Ardea candidissima</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Plume grass</col>. <fld>(Bot)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A kind of grass (<spn>Erianthus saccharoides</spn>) with the spikelets arranged in great silky plumes, growing in swamps in the Southern United States</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The still finer <spn>E. Ravenn\'91</spn> from the Mediterranean region. The name is sometimes extended to the whole genus.</cd> -- <col>Plume moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of numerous small, slender moths, belonging to the family <spn>Pterophorid\'91</spn>. Most of them have the wings deeply divided into two or more plumelike lobes. Some species are injurious to the grapevine.</cd> -- <col>Plume nutmeg</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an aromatic Australian tree (<spn>Atherosperma moschata</spn>), whose numerous carpels are tipped with long plumose persistent styles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plume</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plume</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plumed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pluming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>plumer</ets> to pluck, to strip, L. <ets>plumare</ets> to cover with feathers.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pick and adjust the plumes or feathers of; to dress or prink.</def>

<blockquote><b>Pluming</b> her wings among the breezy bowers.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strip of feathers; to pluck; to strip; to pillage; also, to peel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon. Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To adorn with feathers or plumes.</def> "Farewell the <i>plumed</i> troop."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To pride; to vaunt; to boast; -- used reflexively; <as>as, he <ex>plumes</ex> himself on his skill</as>.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<cs><col>Plumed adder</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an African viper (<spn>Vipera, &or; Clotho, cornuta</spn>), having a plumelike structure over each eye. It is venomous, and is related to the African puff adder. Called also <altname>horned viper</altname> and <altname>hornsman</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Plumed partridge</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the California mountain quail (<spn>Oreortyx pictus</spn>). See <cref>Mountain quail</cref>, under <er>Mountain</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plumeless</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plume"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without plumes.</def>

<h1>Plumelet</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plume"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Plume</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small plume.</def>

<blockquote>When rosy <b>plumelets</b> tuft the larch.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plumery</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plum"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Plumes, collectively or in general; plumage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Plumicorn</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plu"mi*corn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pluma</ets> feather + <ets>cornu</ets> horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An ear tuft of feathers, as in the horned owls.</def>

<h1>Plumigerous</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plu*mig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plumiger</ets>; <ets>pluma</ets> a feather + <ets>gerere</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Feathered; having feathers.</def>

<i>Bailey</i>

<h1>Plumiliform</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plu*mil"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plumula</ets>, or <ets>plumella</ets> a little feather (dim. of <ets>pluma</ets> feather) + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the of a plume or feather.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Plumiped</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plu"mi*ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plumipes</ets>, <ets>-edis</ets>; <ets>pluma</ets> a feather + <ets>pes</ets>: cf. F. <ets>plumip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having feet covered with feathers.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A plumiped bird.</def></def2>

<h1>Plummet</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plum"met</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>plommet</ets>, OF. <ets>plommet</ets>, fr. <ets>plom</ets>, <ets>plum</ets>, lead, F. <ets>plomb</ets>. See <er>Plumb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of lead attached to a line, used in sounding the depth of water.</def>

<blockquote>I'll sink him deeper than e'er <b>plummet</b> sounded.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A plumb bob or a plumb line. See under <er>Plumb</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, any weight.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A piece of lead formerly used by school children to rule paper for writing.</def>

<cs><col>Plummet line</col>, <cd>a line with a plummet; a sounding line.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plumming</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plum"ming</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Plumb</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The operation of finding, by means of a mine dial, the place where to sink an air shaft, or to bring an adit to the work, or to find which way the lode inclines.</def>

<h1>Plummy</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plum"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Plum</er>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of a plum; desirable; profitable; advantageous.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "For the sake of getting something <i>plummy</i>."

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Plumose, Plumous</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw><hw>Plu*mose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Plu"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plumosus</ets>, fr. <ets>pluma</ets> feather: cf. F. <ets>plumeux</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having feathers or plumes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having hairs, or other p\'a0rts, arranged along an axis like a feather; feathery; plumelike; <as>as, a <ex>plumose</ex> leaf; <ex>plumose</ex> tentacles.</as></def>

<h1>Plumosite</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plu"mo*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Jamesonite</er>.</def>

<h1>Plumosity</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plu*mos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being plumose.</def>

<h1>Plum</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Plumper</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Plumpest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>plomp</ets> rude, clumsy; akin to D. <ets>plomp</ets>, G., Dan., & Sw. <ets>plump</ets>; probably of imitative origin. Cf. <er>Plump</er>, <tt>adv.<tt>]</ety> <def>Well rounded or filled out; full; fleshy; fat; <as>as, a <ex>plump</ex> baby; <ex>plump</ex> cheeks.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The god of wine did his <b>plump</b> clusters bring.
<i>T. Carew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plum</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plum</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A knot; a cluster; a group; a crowd; a flock; <as>as, a <ex>plump</ex> of trees, fowls, or spears</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To visit islands and the <b>plumps</b> of men.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plump</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plump</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>plompen</ets>, G. <ets>plumpen</ets>, Sw. <ets>plumpa</ets>, Dan. <ets>plumpe</ets>. See <er>Plump</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grow plump; to swell out; <as>as, her cheeks have <ex>plumped</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To drop or fall suddenly or heavily, all at once.</def>"Dulcissa <i>plumps</i> into a chair."

<i>Spectator.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To <er>give</er> a plumper. See <er>Plumper</er>, <er>2</er>.</def>

<h1>Plump</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plump</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plumped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Plumping</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make plump; to fill (out) or support; -- often with <i>up</i>.</def><-- as, to <ex>plump up</ex> the pillows -->

<blockquote>To <b>plump</b> up the hollowness of their history with improbable miracles.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cast or let drop all at once, suddenly and heavily; <as>as, to <ex>plump</ex> a stone into water</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give (a vote), as a plumper. See <er>Plumper</er>, <er>2</er>.</def>

<h1>Plump</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plump</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>plomp</ets>, interj., G. <ets>plump</ets>, <ets>plumps</ets>. Cf. <er>Plump</er>, <tt>a.<tt> &<tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <def>Directly; suddenly; perpendicularly.</def> "Fall <i>plump</i>."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Plumper</h1>
<Xpage=102>

<hw>Plump"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, plumps or swells out something else; hence, something carried in the mouth to distend the cheeks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(English Elections)</fld> <def>A vote given to one candidate only, when two or more are to be elected, thus giving him the advantage over the others. A person who gives his vote thus is said to <i>plump</i>, or to <i>plump</i> his vote.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A voter who plumps his vote.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A downright, unqualified lie.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or Low]</mark>

<h1>Plumply</h1>
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<hw>Plump"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Fully; roundly; plainly; without reserve.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Plumpness</h1>
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<hw>Plump"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being plump.</def>

<h1>Plumpy</h1>
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<hw>Plump"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Plump; fat; sleek.</def> "<i>Plumpy</i> Bacchus."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Plumula</h1>
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<hw>Plu"mu*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Plumule</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E.<plw>-las</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Plumule</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plumule.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A down feather.</def>

<h1>Plumulaceous</h1>
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<hw>Plu`mu*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Downy; bearing down.</def>

<h1>Plumular</h1>
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<hw>Plu"mu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Relating to a plumule.</def>

<h1>Plumularia</h1>
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<hw>Plu`mu*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Plumularl\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Plumularias</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any hydroid belonging to <spn>Plumularia</spn> and other genera of the family <spn>Plumularid\'91</spn>. They generally grow in plumelike forms.</def>

<h1>Plumularian</h1>
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<hw>Plu`mu*la"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any Plumularia. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Plumule</h1>
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<hw>Plu"mule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plumula</ets>, dim. of <ets>pluma</ets> a feather; cf. F. <ets>plumule</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The first bud, or gemmule, of a young plant; the bud, or growing point, of the embryo, above the cotyledons. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Radicle</er>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A down feather.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The aftershaft of a feather. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Feather</er>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>One of the featherlike scales of certain male butterflies.</def>

<h1>Plumulose</h1>
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<hw>Plu"mu*lose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having hairs branching out laterally, like the parts of a feather.</def>

<h1>Plumy</h1>
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<hw>Plum"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered or adorned with plumes, or as with plumes; feathery.</def> "His <i>plumy</i> crest." <i>Addison</i>. "The <i>plumy</i> trees."

<i>J. S. Blackie.</i>

<h1>Plunder</h1>
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<hw>Plun"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plundered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Plundering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[G. <ets>pl\'81ndern</ets> to plunder, <ets>plunder</ets> frippery, baggage.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take the goods of by force, or without right; to pillage; to spoil; to sack; to strip; to rob; <as>as, to <ex>plunder</ex> travelers</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Nebuchadnezzar <b>plunders</b> the temple of God.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take by pillage; to appropriate forcibly; <as>as, the enemy <ex>plundered</ex> all the goods they found</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To pillage; despoil; sack; rifle; strip; rob.</syn>

<h1>Plunder</h1>
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<hw>Plun"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of plundering or pillaging; robbery. See <i>Syn</i>. of <er>Pillage</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Inroads and <b>plunders</b> of the Saracens.
<i>Sir T. North.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is taken by open force from an enemy; pillage; spoil; booty; also, that which is taken by theft or fraud.</def> "He shared in the <i>plunder</i>."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Personal property and effects; baggage or luggage.</def> <mark>[Slang, Southwestern U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Plunderage</h1>
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<hw>Plun"der*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mar. Law)</fld> <def>The embezzlement of goods on shipboard.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Plunderer</h1>
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<hw>Plun"der*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who plunders or pillages.</def>

<h1>Plunge</h1>
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<hw>Plunge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plunged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Plunging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ploungen</ets>, OF. <ets>plongier</ets>, F. <ets>plonger</ets>, fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>plumbicare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>plumbum</ets> lead. See <er>Plumb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To thrust into water, or into any substance that is penetrable; to immerse; to cause to penetrate or enter quickly and forcibly; to thrust; <as>as, to <ex>plunge</ex> the body into water; to <ex>plunge</ex> a dagger into the breast</as>.  Also used figuratively; <as>as, to <ex>plunge</ex> a nation into war</as>.</def> "To <i>plunge</i> the boy in pleasing sleep."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Bound and <b>plunged</b> him into a cell.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We shall be <b>plunged</b> into perpetual errors.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To baptize by immersion.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To entangle; to embarrass; to overcome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Plunged</b> and graveled with three lines of Seneca.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plunge</h1>
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<hw>Plunge</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To thrust or cast one's self into water or other fluid; to submerge one's self; to dive, or to rush in; <as>as, he <ex>plunged</ex> into the river</as>. Also used figuratively; <as>as, to <ex>plunge</ex> into debt</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Forced to <b>plunge</b> naked in the raging sea.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>plunge</b> into guilt of a murther.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pitch or throw one's self headlong or violently forward, as a horse does.</def>

<blockquote>Some wild colt, which . . . flings and <b>plunges</b>.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bet heavily and with seeming recklessness on a race, or other contest; in an extended sense, to risk large sums in hazardous speculations.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<cs><col>Plunging fire</col> <fld>(Gun.)</fld>, <cd>firing directed upon an enemy from an elevated position.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plunge</h1>
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<hw>Plunge</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of thrusting into or submerging; a dive, leap, rush, or pitch into, or as into, water; <as>as, to take the water with a <ex>plunge</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, a desperate hazard or act; a state of being submerged or overwhelmed with difficulties.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>She was brought to that <b>plunge</b>, to conceal her husband's murder or accuse her son.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And with thou not reach out a friendly arm,
To raise me from amidst this <b>plunge</b> of sorrows?
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of pitching or throwing one's self headlong or violently forward, like an unruly horse.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Heavy and reckless betting in horse racing; hazardous speculation.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<cs><col>Plunge bath</col>, <cd>an immersion by plunging; also, a large bath in which the bather can wholly immerse himself.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Plunge</col>, &or; <col>plunging</col>, <col>battery</col></mcol> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a voltaic battery so arranged that the plates can be plunged into, or withdrawn from, the exciting liquid at pleasure.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plunger</h1>
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<hw>Plun"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, plunges; a diver.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A long solid cylinder, used, instead of a piston or bucket, as a forcer in pumps.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who bets heavily and recklessly on a race; a reckless speculator.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Pottery)</fld> <def>A boiler in which clay is beaten by a wheel to a creamy consistence.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>The firing pin of a breechloader.</def>

<cs><col>Plunger bucket</col>, <cd>a piston, without a valve, in a pump.</cd> -- <col>Plunger pole</col>, <cd>the pump rod of a pumping engine.</cd> -- <col>Plunger pump</col>, <cd>a pump, as for water, having a plunger, instead of a piston, to act upon the water. It may be single-acting or double-acting</cd></cs>

<h1>Plunket</h1>
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<hw>Plun"ket</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of blue color; also, anciently, a kind of cloth, generally blue.</def>

<h1>Pluperfect</h1>
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<hw>Plu"per`fect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plus</ets> more + <ets>perfectus</ets> perfect; cf. F. <ets>plus-que-parfait</ets>, L. <ets>plusquamperfectum</ets>.]</ety> <def>More than perfect; past perfect; -- said of the tense which denotes that an action or event was completed at or before the time of another past action or event.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The pluperfect tense; also, a verb in the pluperfect tense.</def></def2>

<h1>Plural</h1>
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<hw>Plu"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pluralis</ets>, from <ets>plus</ets>, <ets>pluris</ets>, more; cf. F. <ets>pluriel</ets>, OF. <ets>plurel</ets>. See <er>Plus</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to, or containing, more than one; designating two or more; <as>as, a <ex>plural</ex> word</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Plural</b> faith, which is too much by one.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Plural number</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>the number which designates more than one. See <er>Number</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 8.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plural</h1>
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<hw>Plu"ral</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The plural number; that form of a word which expresses or denotes more than one; a word in the plural form.</def>

<h1>Pluralism</h1>
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<hw>Plu"ral*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being plural, or in the plural number.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The state of a pluralist; the holding of more than one ecclesiastical living at a time.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Pluralist</h1>
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<hw>Plu"ral*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A clerk or clergyman who holds more than one ecclesiastical benefice.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>Of the parochial clergy, a large proportion were <b>pluralists</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Plurality</h1>
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<hw>Plu*ral"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>pluralities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>pluralitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pluralit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being plural, or consisting of more than one; a number consisting of two or more of the same kind; <as>as, a <ex>plurality</ex> of worlds; the <ex>plurality</ex> of a verb.</as></def>

<-- p. 103  -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The greater number; a majority; also, the greatest of several numbers; in elections, the excess of the votes given for one candidate over those given for another, or for any other, candidate. When there are more than two candidates, the one who receives the <i>plurality</i> of votes may have less than a majority. See <er>Majority</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Take the <b>plurality</b> of the world, and they are neither wise nor good.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Plurality of benefices</cref>, below.</def>

<cs><col>Plurality of benefices</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>the possession by one clergyman of more than one benefice or living. Each benefice thus held is called a <i>plurality<i>. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Pluralization</h1>
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<hw>Plu`ral*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of pluralizing.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Pluralize</h1>
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<hw>Plu"ral*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pluralized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pluralizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make plural by using the plural termination; to attribute plurality to; to express in the plural form.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To multiply; to make manifold.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pluralize</h1>
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<hw>Plu"ral*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take a plural; to assume a plural form; <as>as, a noun <ex>pluralizes</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>To hold more than one benefice at the same time.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Pluralizer</h1>
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<hw>Plu"ral*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A pluralist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Plurally</h1>
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<hw>Plu"ral*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a plural manner or sense.</def>

<h1>Pluri-</h1>
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<hw>Plu"ri-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Plus</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form from L. <i>plus</i>, <i>pluris</i>, more, many; as <i>pluri</i>literal.</def>

<h1>Pluries</h1>
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<hw>Plu"ri*es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from L. <ets>pluries</ets> many times, often, which occurs in the first clause.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ issued in the third place, after two former writs have been disregarded.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Plurifarious</h1>
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<hw>Plu`ri*fa"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plurifarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>plus</ets>, <ets>pluris</ets>, many. Cf.</tt> <er>Bifarious</er>.]</ety> <def>Of many kinds or fashions; multifarious.</def>

<h1>Plurifoliolate</h1>
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<hw>Plu`ri*fo"li*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pluri-</ets> + <ets>foliolate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having several or many leaflets.</def>

<h1>Pluriliteral</h1>
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<hw>Plu`ri*lit"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pluri-</ets> + <ets>literal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of more letters than three.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A pluriliteral word.</def></def2>

<h1>Plurilocular</h1>
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<hw>Plu`ri*loc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pluri-</ets> + <ets>locular</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having several cells or loculi</def>; specifically <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <def>having several divisions containing seeds; <as>as, the lemon and the orange are <ex>plurilocular</ex> fruits</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Plurilocular sporangia</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>many-celled sporangia, each cell containing a single spore, as in many alg\'91.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pluriparous</h1>
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<hw>Plu*rip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pluri-</ets> + L. <ets>parere</ets> to bring forth.]</ety> <def>Producing several young at a birth; <as>as, a <ex>pluriparous</ex> animal</as>.</def>

<h1>Pluripartite</h1>
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<hw>Plu`ri*par"tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pluri-</ets> + <ets>partite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Deeply divided into several portions.</def>

<h1>Pluripresence</h1>
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<hw>Plu`ri*pres"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pluri-</ets> + <ets>presence</ets>.]</ety> <def>Presence in more places than one.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Plurisy</h1>
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<hw>Plu"ri*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>plus</ets>, <ets>pluris</ets>, more.]</ety> <def>Superabundance; excess; plethora.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Plus</h1>
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<hw>Plus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L., more; akin to Gr. <?/, <?/, and E. <ets>full</ets>. See <er>Full</er>, <tt>a.<tt>, and cf. <er>Pi\'97</er>, <er>Pleonasm</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>More, required to be added; positive, as distinguished from negative; -- opposed to <ant>minus</ant>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, in a literary sense, additional; real; actual.</def>

<blockquote>Success goes invariably with a certain <b>plus</b> or positive power.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Plus sign</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the sign (+) which denotes addition, or a positive quantity.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plush</h1>
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<hw>Plush</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pluche</ets>, <ets>peluche</ets> (cf. It. <ets>peluzzo</ets>), fr. L. <ets>pilus</ets> hair. See <er>pile</er> hair, and cf. <er>Peruke</er>.]</ety> <def>A textile fabric with a nap or shag on one side, longer and softer than the nap of velvet.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Plushy</h1>
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<hw>Plush"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like plush; soft and shaggy.</def>

<i>H. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Plutarchy</h1>
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<hw>Plu"tar*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wealth + <ets>-archy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Plutocracy; the rule of wealth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pluteal</h1>
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<hw>Plu"te*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a pluteus.</def>

<h1>Pluteus</h1>
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<hw>Plu"te*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Plutei</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Pluteuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a shed.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The free-swimming larva of sea urchins and ophiurans, having several long stiff processes inclosing calcareous rods.</def>

<h1>Pluto</h1>
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<hw>Plu"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The son of Saturn and Rhea, brother of Jupiter and Neptune; the dark and gloomy god of the Lower World.</def>

<cs><col>Pluto monkey</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a long-tailed African monkey (<spn>Cercopithecus pluto</spn>), having side whiskers. The general color is black, more or less grizzled; the frontal band is white.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plutocracy</h1>
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<hw>Plu*toc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ wealth + <?/ to be strong, to rule, fr.<?/ strength: cf. F. <ets>plutocratie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A form of government in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands of the wealthy classes; government by the rich; also, a controlling or influential class of rich men.</def>

<h1>Plutocrat</h1>
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<hw>Plu"to*crat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One whose wealth gives him power or influence; one of the plutocracy.</def>

<h1>Plutocratic</h1>
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<hw>Plu`to*crat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to plutocracy; <as>as, <ex>plutocratic</ex> ideas</as>.</def>

<i>Bagehot.</i>

<h1>Plutology</h1>
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<hw>Plu*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wealth + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of wealth.</def>

<h1>Plutonian</h1>
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<hw>Plu*to"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Plutonius</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>plutonien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Plutonic.</def>

<i>Poe.</i>

<h1>Plutonian</h1>
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<hw>Plu*to"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A Plutonist.</def>

<h1>Plutonic</h1>
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<hw>Plu*ton"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>plutonique</ets>. See <er>Pluto</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Pluto; Plutonian; hence, pertaining to the interior of the earth; subterranean.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, the system of the Plutonists; igneous; <as>as, the <ex>Plutonic</ex> theory</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Plutonic action</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the influence of volcanic heat and other subterranean forces under pressure.</cd> -- <col>Plutonic rocks</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>granite, porphyry, and some other igneous rocks, supposed to have consolidated from a melted state at a great depth from the surface. Cf. <cref>Intrusive rocks</cref>, under <er>Intrusive</er>.</cd> -- <col>Plutonic theory</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Plutonism</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Plutonism</h1>
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<hw>Plu"to*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>plutonisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The theory, early advanced in geology, that the successive rocks of the earth\'b6s crust were formed by igneous fusion; -- opposed to the <i>Neptunian theory</i>.</def>

<h1>Plutonist</h1>
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<hw>Plu"to*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>plutoniste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who adopts the geological theory of igneous fusion; a Plutonian. See <er>Plutonism</er>.</def>

<h1>Plutus</h1>
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<hw>Plu"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The son of Jason and Ceres, and the god of wealth. He was represented as bearing a cornucopia, and as blind, because his gifts were bestowed without discrimination of merit.</def>

<h1>Pluvial</h1>
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<hw>Plu"vi*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pluvialis</ets>, fr. <ets>pluvia</ets> rain: cf. F. <ets>pluvial</ets>. See <er>Plover</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to rain; rainy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Produced by the action of rain.</def>

<h1>Pluvial</h1>
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<hw>Plu"vi*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>pluviale</ets> a garment which keeps off the rain: cf. F. <ets>pluvial</ets>.]</ety> <def>A priest's cope.</def>

<h1>Pluviameter</h1>
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<hw>Plu`vi*am"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pluviometer</er>.</def>

<h1>Pluviametrical</h1>
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<hw>Plu`vi*a*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Pluviometrical</er>.</def>

<h1>Pluvian</h1>
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<hw>Plu"vi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The crocodile bird.</def>

<h1>Pluviometer</h1>
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<hw>Plu`vi*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pluvia</ets> rain + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pluviom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for ascertaining the amount of rainfall at any place in a given time; a rain gauge.</def>

<h1>Pluviometrical</h1>
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<hw>Plu`vi*o*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pluviom\'82trique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a pluviometer; determined by a pluviometer.</def>

<h1>Pluvi\'93se</h1>
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<hw>Plu`vi`\'93se"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Pluvious</er>.]</ety> <def>The fifth month of the French republican calendar adopted in 1793. It began January 20, and ended February 18. See <er>Vend\'82miaire</er>.</def>

<h1>Pluvious</h1>
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<hw>Plu"vi*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pluviosus</ets>, <ets>pluvius</ets>, fr. <ets>pluvia</ets> rain: cf. F. <ets>pluvieux</ets>. See <er>Pluvial</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>Abounding in rain; rainy; pluvial.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Ply</h1>
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<hw>Ply</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Plied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Plying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>plien</ets>, F. <ets>plier</ets> to fold, to bend, fr. L. <ets>plicare</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/, G. <ets>flechten</ets>. Cf. <er>Apply</er>, <er>Complex</er>, <er>Display</er>, <er>Duplicity</er>, <er>Employ</er>, <er>Exploit</er>, <er>Implicate</er>, <er>Plait</er>, <er>Pliant</er>, <er>Flax</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>As men may warm wax with handes <b>plie</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lay on closely, or in folds; to work upon steadily, or with repeated acts; to press upon; to urge importunately; <as>as, to <ex>ply</ex> one with questions, with solicitations, or with drink</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>plies</b> him with redoubled strokes
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>plies</b> the duke at morning and at night.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To employ diligently; to use steadily.</def>

<blockquote>Go <b>ply</b> thy needle; meddle not.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To practice or perform with diligence; to work at.</def>

<blockquote>Their bloody task, unwearied, still they <b>ply</b>.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ply</h1>
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<hw>Ply</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bend; to yield.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It would rather burst atwo than <b>plye</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The willow <b>plied</b>, and gave way to the gust.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act, go, or work diligently and steadily; especially, to do something by repeated actions; to go back and forth; <as>as, a steamer <ex>plies</ex> between certain ports</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Ere half these authors be read (which will soon be with <b>plying</b> hard and daily).
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He was forced to <b>ply</b> in the streets as a porter.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The heavy hammers and mallets <b>plied</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To work to windward; to beat.</def>

<h1>Ply</h1>
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<hw>Ply</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pli</ets>, fr. <ets>plier</ets>. See <er>Ply</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fold; a plait; a turn or twist, as of a cord.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bent; turn; direction; bias.</def>

<blockquote>The late learners can not so well take the <b>ply</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Boswell, and others of Goldsmith's contemporaries, . . . did not understand the secret <b>plies</b> of his character.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The czar's mind had taken a strange <b>ply</b>, which it retained to the last.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Ply</i> is used in composition to designate folds, or the number of webs interwoven; as, a three-<i>ply</i> carpet.</note>

<h1>Plyer</h1>
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<hw>Ply"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, plies</def>; specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A kind of balance used in raising and letting down a drawbridge. It consists of timbers joined in the form of a St. Andrew's cross.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>See <er>Pliers</er>.</def>

<h1>Plyght</h1>
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<hw>Plyght</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Plight</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Plymouth Brethren</h1>
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<hw>Plym"outh Breth"ren</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>The members of a religious sect which first appeared at Plymouth, England, about 1830. They protest against sectarianism, and reject all official ministry or clergy. Also called <altname>Brethren</altname>, <altname>Christian Brethren</altname>, <altname>Plymouthists</altname>, etc. The <stype>Darbyites</stype> are a division of the Brethren.</def>

<h1>Pneometer</h1>
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<hw>Pne*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to breathe + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A spirometer.</def>

<h1>Pneumatic, Pneumatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pneu*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pneu*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pneumaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, wind, air, <?/ to blow, breathe; cf. OHG. <ets>fnehan</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pneumatique</ets>. Cf. <er>Pneumonia</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of, or resembling, air; having the properties of an elastic fluid; gaseous; opposed to <i>dense</i> or <i>solid</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>pneumatical</b> substance being, in some bodies, the native spirit of the body.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to air, or to elastic fluids or their properties; pertaining to pneumatics; <as>as, <ex>pneumatic</ex> experiments</as>.</def> "<i>Pneumatical</i> discoveries."

<i>Stewart.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Moved or worked by pressure or flow of air; <as>as, a <ex>pneumatic</ex> instrument; a <ex>pneumatic</ex> engine.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Fitted to contain air; Having cavities filled with air; <as>as, <ex>pneumatic</ex> cells; <ex>pneumatic</ex> bones.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Pneumatic action</col>, &or; <col>Pneumatic lever</col></mcol> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a contrivance for overcoming the resistance of the keys and other movable parts in an organ, by causing compressed air from the wind chest to move them.</cd> -- <col>Pneumatic dispatch</col>, <cd>a system of tubes, leading to various points, through which letters, packages, etc., are sent, by the flow and pressure of air.</cd> -- <col>Pneumatic elevator</col>, <cd>a hoisting machine worked by compressed air.</cd> -- <col>Pneumatic pile</col>, <cd>a tubular pile or cylinder of large diameter sunk by atmospheric pressure.</cd> -- <col>Pneumatic pump</col>, <cd>an air-exhausting or forcing pump.</cd> -- <col>Pneumatic railway</col>. <cd>See <cref>Atmospheric railway</cref>, under <er>Atmospheric</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pneumatic syringe</col>, <cd>a stout tube closed at one end, and provided with a piston, for showing that the heat produced by compressing a gas will ignite substances.</cd> -- <col>Pneumatic trough</col>, <cd>a trough, generally made of wood or sheet metal, having a perforated shelf, and used, when filled with water or mercury, for collecting gases in chemical operations.</cd> -- <col>Pneumatic tube</col>. <cd>See <cref>Pneumatic dispatch</cref>, above.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pneumaticity</h1>
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<hw>Pneu`ma*tic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The state of being pneumatic, or of having a cavity or cavities filled with air; <as>as, the <ex>pneumaticity</ex> of the bones of birds</as>.</def>

<h1>Pneumatics</h1>
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<hw>Pneu*mat"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pneumatique</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That branch of science which treats of the mechanical properties of air and other elastic fluids, as of their weight, pressure, elasticity, etc. See <er>Mechanics</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Philos. & Theol.)</fld> <def>The scientific study or knowledge of spiritual beings and their relations to God, angels, and men.</def>

<h1>Pleumato-</h1>
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<hw>Pleu"ma*to-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form from Gr. <?/, <?/, <i>wind</i>, <i>air</i>, <i>breath</i>, <i>respiration</i>; <as>as, <ex>pneumato</ex>graph, <ex>pneumato</ex>logy</as>.</def>

<h1>Pneumatocele</h1>
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<hw>Pneu*mat"o*cele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pneumato-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a tumor; cf. F. <ets>pneumatoc\'8ale</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A distention of the scrotum by air; also, hernia of the lungs.</def>

<h1>Pneumatocyst</h1>
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<hw>Pneu*mat"o*cyst</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pneumato-</ets> + <ets>cyst</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cyst or sac of a siphonophore, containing air, and serving as a float, as in Physalia.</def>

<h1>Pneumatogarm</h1>
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<hw>Pneu*mat"o*garm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pneumato-</ets> + <ets>-gram</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A tracing of the respiratory movements, obtained by a pneumatograph or stethograph.</def>

<h1>Pneumatograph</h1>
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<hw>Pneu*mat"o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pneumato-</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for recording the movements of the thorax or chest wall during respiration; -- also called <altname>stethograph</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pneumatological</h1>
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<hw>Pneu`ma*to*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pneumatologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to pneumatology.</def>

<h1>Pneumatologist</h1>
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<hw>Pneu`ma*tol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pneumatologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One versed in pneumatology.</def>

<h1>Pneumatology</h1>
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<hw>Pneu`ma*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pneumato-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pneumatologie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The doctrine of, or a treatise on, air and other elastic fluids. See <er>Pneumatics</er>, 1.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Philos. & Theol.)</fld> <def>The science of spiritual being or phenomena of any description.</def>

<h1>Pneumatometer</h1>
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<hw>Pneu`ma*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pneumato-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the amount of force exerted by the lungs in respiration.</def>

<h1>Pneumatometry</h1>
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<hw>Pneu`ma*tom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Spirometry</er>.</def>

<h1>Pneumatophore</h1>
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<hw>Pneu*mat"o*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pneumato-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Pneumonophora.</def>

<h1>Pneumatothorax</h1>
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<hw>Pneu`ma*to*tho"rax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pneumato-</ets> + <ets>thorax</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Pneumothorax</er>.</def>

<h1>Pneumo-</h1>
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<hw>Pneu"mo-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form from Gr. <?/, <?/, <i>a lung</i>; <as>as, <ex>pneumo</ex>gastric, <ex>pneumo</ex>logy</as>.</def>

<h1>Pneumococcus</h1>
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<hw>Pneu`mo*coc"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pneumo-</er>, and <er>Coccus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A form of micrococcus found in the sputum (and elsewhere) of persons suffering with pneumonia, and thought to be the cause of this disease.</def>

<h1>Pneumogastric</h1>
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<hw>Pneu`mo*gas"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pneumo-</ets> + <ets>gastric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the lungs and the stomach.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The pneumogastric nerve.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Pneumogastric nerve</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one of the tenth pair of cranial nerves which are distributed to the pharynx, esophagus, larynx, lungs, heart, stomach, liver, and spleen, and, in fishes and many amphibia, to the branchial apparatus and also to the sides of the body.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pneumograph</h1>
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<hw>Pneu"mo*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Pneumatograph</er>.</def>

<h1>Pneumography</h1>
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<hw>Pneu*mog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pneumo-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of the lungs.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Pneumology</h1>
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<hw>Pneu*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pneumo-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The science which treats of the lungs.</def>

<h1>Pneumometer</h1>
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<hw>Pneu*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pneumo-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A spirometer.</def>

<h1>Pneumometry</h1>
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<hw>Pneu*mom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Measurement of the capacity of the lungs for air.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Pneumonia</h1>
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<hw>Pneu*mo"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, pl. <?/ the lungs, also, <?/, which is perh. the original form. Cf. <er>Pneumatio</er>, <er>Pulmonary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the lungs.</def>


<note>&hand; <mcol><col>Catarrhal pneumonia</col>, &or; <col>Broncho-pneumonia</col></mcol>, is inflammation of the lung tissue, associated with catarrh and with marked evidences of inflammation of bronchial membranes, often chronic; -- also called <altname>lobular pneumonia</altname>, from its affecting single lobules at a time. -- <col>Croupous pneumonia</col>, or ordinary pneumonia, is an acute affection characterized by sudden onset with a chill, high fever, rapid course, and sudden decline; -- also called <altname>lobar pneumonia</altname>, from its affecting a whole lobe of the lung at once. See under <er>Croupous</er>. -- <col>Fibroid pneumonia</col> is an inflammation of the interstitial connective tissue lying between the lobules of the lungs, and is very slow in its course, producing shrinking and atrophy of the lungs.</note>

<h1>Pneumonic</h1>
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<hw>Pneu*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>pneumonique</ets>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the lungs; pulmonic.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to pneumonia; <as>as, <ex>pneumonic</ex> symptoms</as>.</def>

<h1>Pneumonic</h1>
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<hw>Pneu*mon"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine for affections of the lungs.</def>

<h1>Pneumonitic</h1>
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<hw>Pneu`mo*nit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to pneumonitis.</def>

<h1>Pneumonitis</h1>
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<hw>Pneu`mo*ni"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pneumo-</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the lungs; pneumonia.</def>

<-- p. 104  -->

<h1>Pneumonometer</h1>
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<hw>Pneu`mo*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pneumo-</er>, and <er>-meter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A spirometer; a pneumometer.</def>

<h1>Pneumonophora</h1>
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<hw>Pneu`mo*noph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a lung + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of Siphonophora which includes the Physalia and allied genera; -- called also <spn>Pneumatophor\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Pneumony</h1>
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<hw>Pneu"mo*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pneumonie</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Pneumonia</er>.</def>

<h1>Pneumo\'94toka</h1>
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<hw>Pneu`mo*\'94t"o*ka</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pneumo-</er>, and <er>O\'94ticoid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Sauropsida</er>.</def>

<h1>Pneumophora</h1>
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<hw>Pneu*moph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pneumonophora</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of holothurians having an internal gill, or respiratory tree.</def>

<h1>Pneumoskeleton</h1>
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<hw>Pneu`mo*skel"e*ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pneumo-</ets> + <ets>skeleton</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A chitinous structure which supports the gill in some invertebrates.</def>

<h1>Pneumotherapy</h1>
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<hw>Pneu`mo*ther"a*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ air + <ets>therapy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The treatment of disease by inhalations of compressed or rarefied air.</def>

<h1>Pneumothorax</h1>
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<hw>Pneu`mo*tho"rax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ air + E. <ets>thorax</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A condition in which air or other gas is present in the cavity of the chest; -- called also <altname>pneumatothorax</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pnigalion</h1>
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<hw>Pni*ga"li*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ nightmare, fr. <?/ to throttle.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Nightmare.</def>

<h1>Pnyx</h1>
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<hw>Pnyx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The place at Athens where the meetings of the people were held for making decrees, etc.</def>

<h1>Poa</h1>
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<hw>Po"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ grass.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of grasses, including a great number of species, as the kinds called <stype>meadow grass</stype>, <stype>Kentucky blue grass</stype>, <stype>June grass</stype>, and <stype>spear grass</stype> (which see).</def>

<h1>Poach</h1>
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<hw>Poach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Poached</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Poaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>pocher</ets> to place in a pocket, to poach eggs (the yolk of the egg being as it were <ets>pouched</ets> in the white), from <ets>poche</ets> pocket, pouch. See <er>Pouch</er>, <tt>v.<tt> &<tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cook, as eggs, by breaking them into boiling water; also, to cook with butter after breaking in a vessel.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rob of game; to pocket and convey away by stealth, as game; hence, to plunder.</def>

<i>Garth.</i>

<h1>Poach</h1>
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<hw>Poach</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To steal or pocket game, or to carry it away privately, as in a bag; to kill or destroy game contrary to law, especially by night; to hunt or fish unlawfully; <as>as, to <ex>poach</ex> for rabbits or for salmon</as>.</def>

<h1>Poach</h1>
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<hw>Poach</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>pocher</ets> to thrust or dig out with the fingers, to bruise (the eyes), F. <ets>pouce</ets> thumb, L. <ets>pollex</ets>, and also E. <ets>poach</ets> to cook eggs, to plunder, and <ets>poke</ets> to thrust against.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stab; to pierce; to spear, \as fish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To force, drive, or plunge into anything.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His horse <b>poching</b> one of his legs into some hollow ground.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make soft or muddy by trampling</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To begin and not complete.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Poach</h1>
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<hw>Poach</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become soft or muddy.</def>

<blockquote>Chalky and clay lands . . . chap in summer, and <b>poach</b> in winter.
<i>Mortimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Poachard</h1>
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<hw>Poach"ard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Poach</er> to stab.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pocard</asp>, <asp>pochard</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A common European duck (<spn>Aythya ferina</spn>); -- called also <altname>goldhead</altname>, <altname>poker</altname>, and <altname>fresh-water, &or; red-headed</altname>, <altname>widgeon</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The American redhead, which is closely allied to the European poachard.</def>

<cs><col>Red-crested poachard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an Old World duck (<spn>Branta rufina</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Scaup poachard</col>, <cd>the scaup duck.</cd> -- <col>Tufted poachard</col>, <cd>a scaup duck (<spn>Aythya, &or; Fuligula cristata</spn>), native of Europe and Asia.</cd></cs>

<h1>Poacher</h1>
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<hw>Poach"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who poaches; one who kills or catches game or fish contrary to law.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American widgeon.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Sea poacher</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the lyrie.</cd></cs>

<h1>Poachiness</h1>
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<hw>Poach"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being poachy; marshiness.</def>

<h1>Poachy</h1>
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<hw>Poach"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Poach</er> to stab.]</ety> <def>Wet and soft; easily penetrated by the feet of cattle; -- said of land</def>

<h1>Poak, Poake</h1>
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<hw><hw>Poak</hw>, <hw>Poake</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Waste matter from the preparation of skins, consisting of hair, lime, oil, etc.</def>

<h1>Pocan</h1>
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<hw>Po"can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The poke (<spn>Phytolacca decandra</spn>); -- called also <altname>pocan bush</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pochard</h1>
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<hw>Po"chard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Poachard</er>.</def>

<h1>Pock</h1>
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<hw>Pock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pokke</ets>, AS. <ets>pocc</ets>, <ets>poc</ets>; akin to D. <ets>pok</ets>, G. <ets>pocke</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>poke</ets> a pocket. Cf. <er>Pox</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A pustule raised on the surface of the body in variolous and vaccine diseases.</def>

<blockquote>Of <b>pokkes</b> and of scab every sore.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pockarred</h1>
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<hw>Pock"arred</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Pockmarked</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pock-broken</h1>
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<hw>Pock"-bro`ken</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Broken out, or marked, with smallpox; pock-fretten.</def>

<h1>Pocket</h1>
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<hw>Pock"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>poket</ets>, Prov. F. & OF. <ets>poquette</ets>, F. <ets>pochette</ets>, dim. fr. <ets>poque</ets>, <ets>pouque</ets>, F. <ets>poche</ets>; probably of Teutonic origin. See <er>Poke</er> a pocket, and cf. <er>Poach</er> to cook eggs, to plunder, and <er>Pouch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bag or pouch; especially; a small bag inserted in a garment for carrying small articles, particularly money; hence, figuratively, money; wealth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of several bags attached to a billiard table, into which the balls are driven.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A large bag or sack used in packing various articles, as ginger, hops, cowries, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; In the wool or hop trade, the <i>pocket</i> contains half sack, or about 168 Ibs.; but it is a variable quantity, the articles being sold by actual weight.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A hole or space covered by a movable piece of board, as in a floor, boxing, partitions, or the like.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cavity in a rock containing a nugget of gold, or other mineral; a small body of ore contained in such a cavity.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A hole containing water.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Nat.)</fld> <def>A strip of canvas, sewn upon a sail so that a batten or a light spar can placed in the interspace.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pouch</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Pocket</i> is often used adjectively, or in the formation of compound words usually of obvious signification; as, <i>pocket</i> comb, <i>pocket</i> compass, <i>pocket</i> edition, <i>pocket</i> handkerchief, <i>pocket</i> money, <i>pocket</i> picking, or <i>pocket</i>-picking, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Out of pocket</col>. <cd>See under <er>Out</er>, <tt>prep.</tt></cd> -- <col>Pocket borough</col>, <cd>a borough "owned" by some person.</cd> See under <er>Borough</er>. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Pocket gopher</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of American rodents of the genera <spn>Geomys</spn>, and <spn>Thomomys</spn>, family <spn>Geomyd\'91</spn>. They have large external cheek pouches, and are fossorial in their habits. they inhabit North America, from the Mississippi Valley west to the Pacific. Called also <altname>pouched gopher</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Pocket mouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of American mice of the family <spn>Saccomyid\'91</spn>. They have external cheek pouches. Some of them are adapted for leaping (genus <spn>Dipadomys</spn>), and are called <stype>kangaroo mice</stype>. They are native of the Southwestern United States, Mexico, etc.</cd> -- <col>Pocket piece</col>, <cd>a piece of money kept in the pocket and not spent.</cd> -- <col>Pocket pistol</col>, <cd>a pistol to be carried in the pocket.</cd> -- <col>Pocket sheriff</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a sheriff appointed by the sole authority of the crown, without a nomination by the judges in the exchequer. <i>Burrill</i>.</cd></cs>
<-- <col>deep pocket, &or; deep pockets</col>, <cd>wealth or substantial financial assets.</cd> <note>Used esp. in legal actions, where plaintiffs desire to find a defendant with "deep pockets", so as to be able to actually obtain the sum of damages which may be judged due to him.  This contrasts with a "judgment-proof" defendant, one who has neither assets nor insurance, and against whom a judgment for monetary damages would be worthless.</note>  -->

<h1>Pocket</h1>
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<hw>Pock"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pocketed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pocketing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put, or conceal, in the pocket; <as>as, to <ex>pocket</ex> the change</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He would <b>pocket</b> the expense of the license.
<i>Sterne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take clandestinely or fraudulently.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>pocketed</b> pay in the names of men who had long been dead.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To pocket a ball</col> <fld>(Billiards)</fld>, <cd>to drive a ball into a pocket of the table.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To pocket an insult</col>, <col>affront</col>, etc.</mcol>, <cd>to receive an affront without open resentment, or without seeking redress. "I must <i>pocket<i> up these <i>wrongs<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pocketbook</h1>
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<hw>Pock"et*book`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small book or case for carrying papers, money, etc., in the pocket; also, a notebook for the pocket.</def>

<h1>Pocketful</h1>
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<hw>Pock"et*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pocketfuls</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>As much as a pocket will hold; enough to fill a pocket; <as>as, <ex>pocketfuls</ex> of chestnuts</as>.</def>

<h1>Pocketknife</h1>
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<hw>Pock"et*knife`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-knives</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A knife with one or more blades, which fold into the handle so as to admit of being carried in the pocket.</def>

<h1>Pock-fretten</h1>
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<hw>Pock"-fret`ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Pockmarked</er>.</def>

<h1>Pockiness</h1>
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<hw>Pock"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being pocky.</def>

<h1>Pockmark</h1>
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<hw>Pock"mark</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mark or pit made by smallpox.</def>

<h1>Pockmarked</h1>
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<hw>Pock"marked`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marked by smallpox; pitted.</def>

<h1>Pock-pitted</h1>
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<hw>Pock"-pit`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pockmarked; pitted.</def>

<h1>Pock-pudding</h1>
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<hw>Pock"-pud`ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bag pudding; a name of reproach or ridicule formerly applied by the Scotch to the English.</def>

<h1>Pockwood</h1>
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<hw>Pock"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called because formerly used as a specific for the pock.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Lignum-vit\'91.</def>

<h1>Pocky</h1>
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<hw>Pock"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Pockier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Pockiest</er>.]</wordforms> <def>Full of pocks; affected with smallpox or other eruptive disease.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Poco</h1>
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<hw>Po"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A little; -- used chiefly in phrases indicating the time or movement; <as>as, <ex>poco</ex> pi\'97 allegro, a little faster; <ex>poco</ex> largo, rather slow.</as></def>

<cs><col>Poco a poco</col> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>Little by little; as, <i>poco a poco<i> crescendo, gradually increasing in loudness.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pocock</h1>
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<hw>Po"cock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Peacock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pococurante</h1>
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<hw>Po`co*cu*ran"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>poco curante</ets> caring little.]</ety> <def>A careless person; a trifler.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pococurantism</h1>
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<hw>Po`co*cu*ran"tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <def>Carelessness; apathy; indifference.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Pocoson</h1>
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<hw>Po*co"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Low, wooded grounds or swamps in Eastern Maryland and Virginia.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>poquoson</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Washington.</i>

<h1>Poculent</h1>
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<hw>Poc"u*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>poculentus</ets>, fr. <ets>poculum</ets> a cup.]</ety> <def>Fit for drink.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Some those herbs which are not esculent, are . . . <i>poculent</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Poculiform</h1>
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<hw>Poc"u*li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>poculum</ets> a cup + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>poculiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the shape of a goblet or drinking cup.</def>

<h1>-pod</h1>
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<hw>-pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Foot</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form or suffix from Gr. <grk>poy`s</grk>, <grk>podo`s</grk>, <i>foot</i>; <as>as, deca<ex>pod</ex>, an animal having ten feet; phyllo<ex>pod</ex>, an animal having leaflike feet; myria<ex>pod</ex>, hexa<ex>pod</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Pod</h1>
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<hw>Pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Probably akin to <ets>pudding</ets>, and perhaps the same word as <ets>pad</ets> a cushion; cf. also Dan. <ets>pude</ets> pillow, cushion, and also E. <ets>cod</ets> a husk, pod.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bag; a pouch.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A capsule of plant, especially a legume; a dry dehiscent fruit. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Angiospermous</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A considerable number of animals closely clustered together; -- said of seals.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Pod auger</col>, &or; <col>pod bit</col></mcol>, <cd>an auger or bit the channel of which is straight instead of twisted.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pod</h1>
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<hw>Pod</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Podded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Podding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To swell; to fill; also, to produce pods.</def>

<h1>-poda</h1>
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<hw>-po*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A New Latin plural combining form or suffix from Gr. <?/, <?/, <i>foot</i>; <as>as, hexa<ex>poda</ex>, myria<ex>poda</ex></as>. See <er>-pod</er>.</def>

<h1>Podagra</h1>
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<hw>Pod"a*gra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Podagric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Gout in the joints of the foot; -- applied also to gout in other parts of body.</def>

<h1>Podagric, Podagrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Po*dag"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Po*dag"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>podagricus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ gout in the feet; <?/, <?/, Foot + <?/ a catching.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to the gout; gouty; caused by gout.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Afflicted with gout.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Podagrous</h1>
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<hw>Pod"a*grous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Gouty; podagric.</def>

<h1>Podalgia</h1>
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<hw>Po*dal"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, foot + <?/ pain.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>pain in the foot, due to gout, rheumatism, etc.</def>

<h1>Podarthrum</h1>
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<hw>Po*dar"thrum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Podarthra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, foot + <?/ joint.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The foot joint; in birds, the joint between the metatarsus and the toes.</def>

<h1>Podded</h1>
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<hw>Pod"ded</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having pods.</def>

<h1>Podder</h1>
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<hw>Pod"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who collects pods or pulse.</def>

<h1>Podesta</h1>
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<hw>Po*des"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>podest\'85</ets>, fr. L. <ets>potestas</ets> power, magistracy. See <er>Potent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the chief magistrates of the Italian republics in the Middle Ages.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mayor, alderman, or other magistrate, in some towns of Italy.</def>

<h1>Podetium</h1>
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<hw>Po*de"ti*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Podetia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Podetiums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A stalk which bears the fructification in some lichens, as in the so-called reindeer moss.</def>

<h1>Podge</h1>
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<hw>Podge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>patsche</ets> puddle, mire.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A puddle; a plash.</def>

<i>Skinner.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Porridge.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Podgy</h1>
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<hw>Podg"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fat and short; pudgy.</def>

<h1>Podical</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Pod"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>podex</ets>, <ets>podicis</ets>, the anus.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Anal; -- applied to certain organs of insects.</def>

<h1>Podiceps</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Pod"i*ceps</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>podex</ets>, <ets>podicis</ets>, anus + <ets>pes</ets> foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Grebe</er>.</def>

<h1>Podium</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Po"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Podia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/, <?/, foot. See <er>Pew</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A low wall, serving as a foundation, a substructure, or a terrace wall.</def> It is especially employed by arch\'91ologists in two senses: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The dwarf wall surrounding the arena of an amphitheater, from the top of which the seats began</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The masonry under the stylobate of a temple, sometimes a mere foundation, sometimes containing chambers</def>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Column</er>.

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The foot.</def>

<h1>Podley</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Pod"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young coalfish.</def>

<h1>Podo-</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Pod"o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Foot</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form or prefix from Gr. <grk>poy`s</grk>, <grk>podo`s</grk>, <i>foot</i>; <as>as, <ex>podo</ex>carp, <ex>podo</ex>cephalous, <ex>podo</ex>logy</as>.</def>

<h1>Podobranch</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Pod"o*branch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Podo-</er>, and <er>Branchia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of branchi\'91 attached to the bases of the legs in Crustacea.</def>

<h1>Podobranchia</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Pod`o*bran"chi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>, <plu>pl. <plw>Podobranchle</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Podobranch</er>.</def>

<h1>Podocarp</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Pod"o*carp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Podo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A stem, or footstalk, supporting the fruit.</def>

<h1>Podocephalous</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Pod`o*ceph"a*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Podo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a head of flowers on a long peduncle, or footstalk.</def>

<h1>Podogynium</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Pod`o*gyn"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>poy`s</grk>, <grk>podo`s</grk>, foot + <?/ woman.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Basigynium</er></def>

<h1>Podophthalmia</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Pod`oph*thal"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Podophthalmic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The stalk-eyed Crustacea, -- an order of Crustacea having the eyes supported on movable stalks. It includes the crabs, lobsters, and prawns. Called also <altname>Podophthalmata</altname>, and <altname>Decapoda</altname>.</def>

<h1>Podophthalmic, Podophthalmous</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw><hw>Pod`oph*thal"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pod`oph*thal"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Podo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ an eye.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the eyes on movable footstalks, or pedicels.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the Podophthalmia.</def>

<h1>Podophthalmite</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Pod`oph*thal"mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The eyestalk of a crustacean.</def>

<h1>Podophyllin</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Pod`o*phyl"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Podophyllum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A brown bitter gum extracted from the rootstalk of the May apple (<spn>Podophyllum peltatum</spn>). It is a complex mixture of several substances.</def>

<h1>Podophyllous</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Pod`o*phyl"lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having thin, flat, leaflike locomotive organs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or composing, the layer of tissue, made up of lamin\'91, beneath a horse's hoof.</def>

<h1>Podophyllum</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Pod`o*phyl"lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>poy`s</grk>, <grk>podo`s</grk>, foot + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbs of the Barberry family, having large palmately lobed peltate leaves and solitary flower. There are two species, the American <spn>Podohyllum peltatum</spn>, or May apple, the Himalayan <spn>P. Emodi</spn>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The rhizome and rootlet of the May apple (<spn>Podophyllum peltatum</spn>), -- used as a cathartic drug.</def>

<h1>Podoscaph</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Pod"o*scaph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Podo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ boat.]</ety> <def>A canoe-shaped float attached to the foot, for walking on water.</def>

<h1>Podosperm</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Pod"o*sperm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Podo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ seed: cf. F. <ets>podosperme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The stalk of a seed or ovule.</def>

<h1>Podostomata</h1>
<Xpage=104>

<hw>Pod`o*stom"a*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>poy`s</grk>, <grk>podo`s</grk>, foot + <?/, <?/, mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Bryozoa of which Rhabdopleura is the type. See <er>Rhabdopleura</er>.</def>

<h1>Podotheca</h1>
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<hw>Pod`o*the"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Podothec\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>poy`s</grk>, <grk>podo`s</grk>, foot + <?/ case.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The scaly covering of the foot of a bird or reptile.</def>

<h1>Podrida</h1>
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<hw>Po*dri"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., rotten.]</ety> <def>A miscellaneous dish of meats. See <er>Olla-podrida</er>.</def>

<h1>Podura</h1>
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<hw>Po*du"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Podur\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Poduras</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.; Gr. <grk>poy`s</grk>, <grk>podo`s</grk>, foot + <?/ tail.]</ety> <def>Any small leaping thysanurous insect of the genus <spn>Podura</spn> and related genera; a springtail.</def>

<-- p. 105  -->

<cs><col>Podura scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the minute scales with which the body of a podura is covered. They are used as test objects for the microscope.</cd></cs>

<h1>Podurid</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Po*du"rid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of <spn>Podura</spn> or allied genera.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the poduras.</def></def2>

<h1>Poe</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Po"e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Pol</er>.</def>

<h1>Poebird</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Po"e*bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The parson bird.</def>

<h1>P\'d2cile</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>P\'d2"ci*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Poicile</er>.</def>

<h1>P\'d2cilitic</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>P\'d2`ci*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ many-colored, variegated.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Mottled with various colors; variegated; spotted; -- said of certain rocks.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Specifically: Of or pertaining to, or characterizing, Triassic and Permian sandstones of red and other colors.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>poikilitic</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>P\'d2cilopod</h1>
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<hw>P\'d2*cil"o*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>p\'d2cilopode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the P\'d2cilopoda. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>P\'d2cilopoda</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>P\'d2`ci*lop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ variegated, manifold + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Originally, an artificial group including many parasitic Entomostraca, together with the horseshoe crabs (<spn>Limuloidea</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>By some recent writers applied to the Merostomata.</def>

<h1>Poem</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Po"em</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>po\'89ma</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to make, to compose, to write, especially in verse: cf. F. <ets>po\'89me</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A metrical composition; a composition in verse written in certain measures, whether in blank verse or in rhyme, and characterized by imagination and poetic diction; -- contradistinguished from <i>prose</i>; <as>as, the <ex>poems</ex> of Homer or of Milton</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A composition, not in verse, of which the language is highly imaginative or impassioned; <as>as, a prose <ex>poem</ex>; the <ex>poems</ex> of Ossian.</as></def>

<h1>Poematic</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Po`em*at"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a poem, or to poetry; poetical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Poenamu</h1>
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<hw>Po*e"na*mu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of jade or nephrite, -- used in New Zealand for the manufacture of axes and weapons.</def>

<h1>P</nology</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>P<?/*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Penology</er>.</def>

<h1>Poephaga</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Po*eph"a*ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ grass eating; <?/ grass + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of herbivorous marsupials including the kangaroos and their allies.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Po*eph"a*gous</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Poesy</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Po"e*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>po\'82sie</ets> (cf. It. <ets>poesia</ets>), L. <ets>poesis</ets>, from Gr. <?/. from <?/ to make. Cf. <er>Posy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of composing poems; poetical skill or faculty; <as>as, the heavenly gift of <ex>poesy</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Poetry; metrical composition; poems.</def>

<blockquote>Music and <b>poesy</b> used to quicken you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A short conceit or motto engraved on a ring or other thing; a posy.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Poet</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Po"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>po\'89te</ets>, L. <ets>po\'89ta</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to make. Cf. <er>Poem</er>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in making poetry; one who has a particular genius for metrical composition; the author of a poem; an imaginative thinker or writer.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>poet's</b> eye, in a fine frenzy rolling,
Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A <b>poet</b> is a maker, as the word signifies.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Poet laureate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Laureate</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Poetaster</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Po"et*as`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An inferior rhymer, or writer of verses; a dabbler in poetic art.</def>

<blockquote>The talk of forgotten <b>poetasters</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Poetastry</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Po"et*as`try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The works of a poetaster.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Poetess</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Po"et*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>po\'82tesse</ets>.]</ety> <def>A female poet.</def>

<h1>Poetic, Poetical</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw><hw>Po*et"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Po*et"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>po\'89ticus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>po\'82tiquee</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to poetry; suitable for poetry, or for writing poetry; <as>as, <ex>poetic</ex> talent, theme, work, sentiments</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressed in metrical form; exhibiting the imaginative or the rhythmical quality of poetry; <as>as, a <ex>poetical</ex> composition; <ex>poetical</ex> prose.</as></def>

<cs><col>Poetic license</col>. <cd>See <er>License</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</cd></cs>

<h1>Poetically</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Po*et"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a poetic manner.</def>

<h1>Poetics</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Po*et"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>po\'82tique</ets>, L. <ets>po\'89tica</ets>, <ets>po\'89tice</ets>, Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/.]</ety> <def>The principles and rules of the art of poetry.</def>

<i>J. Warton.</i>

<h1>Poeticule</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Po*et"i*cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A poetaster.</def>

<i>Swinburne.</i>

<h1>Poetize</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Po"et*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Poetized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Poetizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>po\'82tiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To write as a poet; to compose verse; to idealize.</def>

<blockquote>I versify the truth, not <b>poetize</b>.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Poetry</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Po"et*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>poeterie</ets>. See <er>Poet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of apprehending and interpreting ideas by the faculty of imagination; the art of idealizing in thought and in expression.</def>

<blockquote>For <b>poetry</b> is the blossom and the fragrance of all human knowledge, human thoughts, human passions, emotions, language.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Imaginative language or composition, whether expressed rhythmically or in prose. Specifically: Metrical composition; verse; rhyme; poems collectively; <as>as, heroic <ex>poetry</ex>; dramatic <ex>poetry</ex>; lyric or Pindaric <ex>poetry</ex>.</as></def> "The planetlike music of <i>poetry</i>."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<blockquote>She taketh most delight
In music, instruments, and <b>poetry</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Poetship</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Po"et*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or personality of a poet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Poggy</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Pog"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>See <er>Porgy</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small whale.</def>

<h1>Pogy</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Po"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The menhaden.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Pogy</i> is often confounded with <i>porgy</i>, and therefore incorrectly applied to various fishes.</note>

<h1>Poh</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Poh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>An exclamation expressing contempt or disgust; bah !</def>

<h1>Pohagen</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Po*ha"gen</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Pauhaugen</er>.</def>

<h1>Poi</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Po"i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A national food of the Hawaiians, made by baking and pounding the kalo (or taro) root, and reducing it to a thin paste, which is allowed to ferment.</def>

<h1>Poicile, &or; P\'d2cile</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw><hw>Poi"ci*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>P\'d2"ci*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/); cf. L. <ets>poecile</ets>.]</ety> <def>The frescoed porch or gallery in Athens where Zeno taught.</def>

<i>R. Browning.</i>

<h1>Poignancy</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Poign"an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being poignant; <as>as, the <ex>poignancy</ex> of satire; the <ex>poignancy</ex> of grief.</as></def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Poignant</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Poign"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. pr. of <ets>poindre</ets> to sting, fr. L. <ets>pungere</ets> to prick, sting. See <er>Pungent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pricking; piercing; sharp; pungent.</def> "His <i>poignant</i> spear." <i>Spenser</i>. "<i>Poynaunt</i> sauce." <i>Chaucer</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: Pointed; keen; satirical.</def>

<blockquote>His wit . . . became more lively and <b>poignant</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Poignantly</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Poign"ant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a poignant manner.</def>

<h1>Poikilitic</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Poi`ki*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>See <er>P\'d2cilitic</er>.</def>

<h1>Poikilocyte</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Poi"ki*lo*cyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ diversified, changeable + <?/ hollow vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An irregular form of corpuscle found in the blood in cases of profound an\'91mia, probably a degenerated red blood corpuscle.</def>

<h1>Poikilothermal, Poikilothermic</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw><hw>Poi`ki*lo*ther"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Poi`ki*lo*ther"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ changeable + E. <ets>thermal</ets>, <ets>thermic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Having a varying body temperature. See <er>Homoiothermal</er>.</def>

<h1>Poikilothermous</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Poi`ki*lo*ther"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Poikilothermal.</def>

<h1>Poinciana</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Poin`ci*a"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Named after M. de <ets>Poinci</ets>, a governor of the French West Indies.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A prickly tropical shrub (<spn>C\'91salpinia, <plain>formerly</plain> Poinciana, pulcherrima</spn>), with bipinnate leaves, and racemes of showy orange-red flowers with long crimson filaments.</def>

<note>&hand; The genus <spn>Poinciana</spn> is kept up for three trees of Eastern Africa, the Mascarene Islands, and India.</note>

<h1>Poind</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Poind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pound</er> to confine.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To impound, as cattle.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<i>Flavel.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To distrain.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Poinder</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Poind"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The keeper of a cattle pound; a pinder.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<i>T. Adams.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who distrains property.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Poinsettia</h1>
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<hw>Poin*set"ti*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Named after Joel R. <ets>Poinsett</ets> of South Carolina.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Mexican shrub (<spn>Euphorbia pulcherrima</spn>) with very large and conspicuous vermilion bracts below the yellowish flowers.</def>

<h1>Point</h1>
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<hw>Point</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To appoint.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Point</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Point</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>point</ets>, and probably also <ets>pointe</ets>, L. <ets>punctum</ets>, <ets>puncta</ets>, fr. <ets>pungere</ets>, <ets>punctum</ets>, to prick. See <er>Pungent</er>, and cf. <er>Puncto</er>, <er>Puncture</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the sharp end of a piercing instrument, as a needle or a pin.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument which pricks or pierces, as a sort of needle used by engravers, etchers, lace workers, and others; also, a pointed cutting tool, as a stone cutter's <i>point</i>; -- called also <altname>pointer</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything which tapers to a sharp, well-defined termination. Specifically: A small promontory or cape; a tract of land extending into the water beyond the common shore line.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The mark made by the end of a sharp, piercing instrument, as a needle; a prick.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An indefinitely small space; a mere spot indicated or supposed. Specifically: <fld>(Geom.)</fld> That which has neither parts nor magnitude; that which has position, but has neither length, breadth, nor thickness, -- sometimes conceived of as the limit of a line; that by the motion of which a line is conceived to be produced.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An indivisible portion of time; a moment; an instant; hence, the verge.</def>

<blockquote>When time's first <b>point</b> begun
Made he all souls.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A mark of punctuation; a character used to mark the divisions of a composition, or the pauses to be observed in reading, or to point off groups of figures, etc.; a stop, as a comma, a semicolon, and esp. a period; hence, figuratively, an end, or conclusion.</def>

<blockquote>And there a <b>point</b>, for ended is my tale.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Commas and <b>points</b> they set exactly right.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Whatever serves to mark progress, rank, or relative position, or to indicate a transition from one state or position to another, degree; step; stage; hence, position or condition attained; <as>as, a <ex>point</ex> of elevation, or of depression; the stock fell off five <ex>points</ex>; he won by ten<ex>points</ex>.</as></def> "A <i>point</i> of precedence." <i>Selden</i>.  "Creeping on from <i>point</i> to <i>point</i>." <i>Tennyson</i>.

<blockquote>A lord full fat and in good <b>point</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>That which arrests attention, or indicates qualities or character; a salient feature; a characteristic; a peculiarity; hence, a particular; an item; a detail; <as>as, the good or bad <ex>points</ex> of a man, a horse, a book, a story, etc</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He told him, <b>point</b> for <b>point</b>, in short and plain.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In <b>point</b> of religion and in <b>point</b> of honor.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Shalt thou dispute
With Him the <b>points</b> of liberty ?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Hence, the most prominent or important feature, as of an argument, discourse, etc.; the essential matter; esp., the proposition to be established; <as>as, the <ex>point</ex> of an anecdote</as>.</def> "Here lies the <i>point</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>They will hardly prove his <b>point</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>A small matter; a trifle; a least consideration; a punctilio.</def>

<blockquote>This fellow doth not stand upon <b>points</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[He] cared not for God or man a <b>point</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A dot or mark used to designate certain tones or time</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Anc. Mus.)</fld> <def>A dot or mark distinguishing or characterizing certain tones or styles; <as>as, <ex>points</ex> of perfection, of augmentation, etc</as>.; hence, a note; a tune.</def>  "Sound the trumpet -- not a levant, or a flourish, but a <i>point</i> of war." <i>Sir W. Scott</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mod. Mus.)</fld> <def>A dot placed at the right hand of a note, to raise its value, or prolong its time, by one half, as to make a whole note equal to three half notes, a half note equal to three quarter notes.</def>

<p><b>13.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A fixed conventional place for reference, or zero of reckoning, in the heavens, usually the intersection of two or more great circles of the sphere, and named specifically in each case according to the position intended; <as>as, the equinoctial <ex>points</ex>; the solstitial <ex>points</ex>; the nodal <ex>points</ex>; vertical <ex>points</ex>, etc. See <er>Equinoctial Nodal</er>.</as></def>

<p><b>14.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>One of the several different parts of the escutcheon. See <er>Escutcheon</er>.</def>

<p><b>15.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the points of the compass (see <cref>Points of the compass</cref>, below); also, the difference between two points of the compass; <as>as, to fall off a <ex>point</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A short piece of cordage used in reefing sails. See <cref>Reef point</cref>, under <er>Reef</er>.</def>

<p><b>16.</b> <fld>(Anc. Costume)</fld> <def>A a string or lace used to tie together certain parts of the dress.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>17.</b> <def>Lace wrought the needle; <as>as, <ex>point</ex> de Venise; Brussels <ex>point</ex></as>. See <ex>Point lace</ex>, below.</def>

<p><b>18.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Railways)</fld> <def>A switch.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>19.</b> <def>An item of private information; a hint; a tip; a pointer.</def> <mark>[Cant, U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>20.</b> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>A fielder who is stationed on the off side, about twelve or fifteen yards from, and a little in advance of, the batsman.</def>

<p><b>21.</b> <def>The attitude assumed by a pointer dog when he finds game; <as>as, the dog came to a <ex>point</ex></as>. See <er>Pointer</er>.</def>

<p><b>22.</b> <fld>(Type Making)</fld> <def>A standard unit of measure for the size of type bodies, being one twelfth of the thickness of pica type. See <cref>Point system of type</cref>, under <er>Type</er>.</def>

<p><b>23.</b> <def>A tyne or snag of an antler.</def>

<p><b>24.</b> <def>One of the spaces on a backgammon board.</def>

<p><b>25.</b> <fld>(Fencing)</fld> <def>A movement executed with the saber or foil; <as>as, tierce <ex>point</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The word <i>point</i> is a general term, much used in the sciences, particularly in mathematics, mechanics, perspective, and physics, but generally either in the geometrical sense, or in that of degree, or condition of change, and with some accompanying descriptive or qualifying term, under which, in the vocabulary, the specific uses are explained; as, boiling <i>point</i>, carbon <i>point</i>, dry <i>point</i>, freezing <i>point</i>, melting <i>point</i>, vanishing <i>point</i>, etc.</note>

<cs><col>At all points</col>, <cd>in every particular, completely; perfectly. <i>Shak.</i></cd> -- <mcol><col>At point</col>, <col>In point</col>, <col>At</col>, <col>In</col>, &or; On, <col>the point</col></mcol>, <cd>as near as can be; on the verge; about (see <er>About</er>, <tt>prep.</tt>, 6); <as>as, <ex>at the point<ex> of death; he was <ex>on the point<ex> of speaking</as>.</cd>  "<i>In point<i> to fall down." <i>Chaucer</i>. "Caius Sidius Geta, <i>at point<i> to have been taken, recovered himself so valiantly as brought day on his side." <i>Milton</i>. -- <col>Dead point</col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Dead center</cref>, under <er>Dead</er>.</cd> -- <col>Far point</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>in ophthalmology, the farthest point at which objects are seen distinctly. In normal eyes the nearest point at which objects are seen distinctly; either with the two eyes together (<i>binocular near point<i>), or with each eye separately (<i>monocular near point<i>).</cd> -- <col>Nine points of the law</col>, <cd>all but the tenth point; the greater weight of authority.</cd> -- <col>On the point</col>. <cd>See <cref>At point</cref>, above.</cd> -- <col>Point lace</col>, <cd>lace wrought with the needle, as distinguished from that made on the pillow.</cd> -- <col>Point net</col>, <cd>a machine-made lace imitating a kind of Brussels lace (Brussels ground).</cd> -- <col>Point of concurrence</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a point common to two lines, but not a point of tangency or of intersection, as, for instance, that in which a cycloid meets its base.</cd> -- <col>Point of contrary flexure</col>, <cd>a point at which a curve changes its direction of curvature, or at which its convexity and concavity change sides.</cd> -- <col>Point of order</col>, <cd>in parliamentary practice, a question of order or propriety under the rules.</cd> -- <col>Point of sight</col> <fld>(Persp.)</fld>, <cd>in a perspective drawing, the point assumed as that occupied by the eye of the spectator.</cd> -- <col>Point of view</col>, <cd>the relative position from which anything is seen or any subject is considered.</cd> -- <col>Points of the compass</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the thirty-two points of division of the compass card in the mariner's compass; the corresponding points by which the circle of the horizon is supposed to be divided, of which the four marking the directions of east, west, north, and south, are called <i>cardinal points<i>, and the rest are named from their respective directions, as N. by E., N. N. E., N. E. by N., N. E., etc. See <i>Illust<i>. under <er>Compass</er>.</cd> -- <col>Point paper</col>, <cd>paper pricked through so as to form a stencil for transferring a design.</cd> -- <col>Point system of type</col>. <cd>See under <er>Type</er>.</cd> -- <col>Singular point</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a point of a curve which possesses some property not possessed by points in general on the curve, as a cusp, a point of inflection, a node, etc.</cd> -- <col>To carry one's point</col>, <cd>to accomplish one's object, as in a controversy.</cd> -- <col>To make a point of</col>, <cd>to attach special importance to.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To make</col>, &or; <col>gain</col>, <col>a point</col></mcol>, <cd>accomplish that which was proposed; also, to make advance by a step, grade, or position.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To mark</col>, &or; <col>score</col>, <col>a point</col></mcol>, <cd>as in billiards, cricket, etc., to note down, or to make, a successful hit, run, etc.</cd> -- <col>To strain a point</col>, <cd>to go beyond the proper limit or rule; to stretch one's authority or conscience.</cd> -- <col>Vowel point</col>, <cd>in Hebrew, and certain other Eastern and ancient languages, a mark placed above or below the consonant, or attached to it, representing the vowel, or vocal sound, which precedes or follows the consonant.</cd></cs>

<h1>Point</h1>
<Xpage=105>

<hw>Point</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pointed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pointing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pointer</ets>. See <er>Point</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give a point to; to sharpen; to cut, forge, grind, or file to an acute end; <as>as, to <ex>point</ex> a dart, or a pencil</as>. Used also figuratively; <as>as, to <ex>point</ex> a moral</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To direct toward an abject; to aim; <as>as, to <ex>point</ex> a gun at a wolf, or a cannon at a fort</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, to direct the attention or notice of.</def>

<blockquote>Whosoever should be guided through his battles by Minerva, and <b>pointed</b> to every scene of them.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To supply with punctuation marks; to punctuate; <as>as, to <ex>point</ex> a composition</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To mark (as Hebrew) with vowel points.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To give particular prominence to; to designate in a special manner; to indicate, as if by pointing; <as>as, the error was <ex>pointed</ex> out</as>.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>He <b>points</b> it, however, by no deviation from his straightforward manner of speech.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To indicate or discover by a fixed look, as game.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>To fill up and finish the joints of (a wall), by introducing additional cement or mortar, and bringing it to a smooth surface.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Stone Cutting)</fld> <def>To cut, as a surface, with a pointed tool.</def>

<cs><col>To point a rope</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to taper and neatly finish off the end by interweaving the nettles.</cd> -- <col>To point a sail</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to affix points through the eyelet holes of the reefs.</cd> -- <col>To point off</col>, <cd>to divide into periods or groups, or to separate, by pointing, as figures.</cd> -- <col>To point the yards</col> (of a vessel) <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to brace them so that the wind shall strike the sails obliquely.</cd> <i>Totten.</i></cs>

<-- p. 106  -->


<h1>Point</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>Point</hw> <tt>(point)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To direct the point of something, as of a finger, for the purpose of designating an object, and attracting attention to it; -- with <i>at</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Now must the world <b>point</b> at poor Katharine.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Point</b> at the tattered coat and ragged shoe.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To indicate the presence of game by fixed and steady look, as certain hunting dogs do.</def>

<blockquote>He treads with caution, and he <b>points</b> with fear.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To approximate to the surface; to head; -- said of an abscess.</def>

<cs><col>To point at</col>, <cd>to treat with scorn or contempt by pointing or directing attention to.</cd> -- <col>To point well</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to sail close to the wind; -- said of a vessel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pointal</h1>
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<hw>Point"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Point</er>: cf. F. <ets>pointal</ets> an upright wooden prop, OF. <ets>pointille</ets> a prick or prickle.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pistil of a plant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of pencil or style used with the tablets of the Middle Ages.</def> "A pair of tablets [<it>i. e.</it>, tablets] . . . and a <i>pointel</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Poyntel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<h1>Point-blank</h1>
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<hw>Point`-blank"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>point</ets> point + <ets>blanc</ets> white.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The white spot on a target, at which an arrow or other missile is aimed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>With all small arms, the second point in which the natural line of sight, when horizontal, cuts the trajectory.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>With artillery, the point where the projectile first strikes the horizontal plane on which the gun stands, the axis of the piece being horizontal.</def>

<h1>Point-blank</h1>
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<hw>Point`-blank"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Directed in a line toward the object aimed at; aimed directly toward the mark.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, direct; plain; unqualified; -- said of language; <as>as, a <ex>point-blank</ex> assertion</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Point-blank range</col>, <cd>the extent of the apparent right line of a ball discharged.</cd> -- <col>Point-blank shot</col>, <cd>the shot of a gun pointed directly toward the object to be hit.</cd></cs>

<h1>Point-blank</h1>
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<hw>Point`-blank"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a point-blank manner.</def>

<blockquote>To sin <b>point-blank</b> against God's word.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<-- the following foreign words had no mark  in front, in the original. Why? -->
<h1>Point d'appui</h1>
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<hw>Point` d'ap`pui"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Appui</er>.</def>

<h1>Point-device, Point-devise</h1>
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<hw><hw>Point`-de*vice"</hw>, <hw>Point`-de*vise"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>at point devis</ets>; <ets>at</ets> at + <ets>point</ets> point, condition + <ets>devis</ets> exact, careful, OF. <ets>devis</ets> fixed, set. See <er>Device</er>.]</ety> <def>Uncommonly nice and exact; precise; particular.</def>

<blockquote>You are rather <b>point-devise</b> in your accouterments.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thus he grew up, in logic <b>point-devise</b>,
Perfect in grammar, and in rhetoric nice.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Point-device, Point-devise</h1>
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<hw><hw>Point`-de*vice"</hw>, <hw>Point`-de*vise"</hw>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Exactly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pointed</h1>
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<hw>Point"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sharp; having a sharp point; <as>as, a <ex>pointed</ex> rock</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by sharpness, directness, or pithiness of expression; terse; epigrammatic; especially, directed to a particular person or thing.</def>

<blockquote>His moral pleases, not his <b>pointed</b> wit.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Pointed arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an arch with a pointed crown.</cd> -- <col>Pointed style</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to that style of architecture in which the pointed arch is the predominant feature; -- more commonly called <altname>Gothic</altname>.</cd></cs>

 -- <wordforms><wf>Point"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Point"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pointel</h1>
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<hw>Point"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Point</er>. Cf. <er>Pointal</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Pointal</er>.</def>

<h1>Pointer</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>Point"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, points.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The hand of a timepiece</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a breed of dogs trained to stop at scent of game, and with the nose point it out to sportsmen</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The two stars (Merak and Dubhe) in the Great Bear, the line between which points nearly in the direction of the north star</def>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Ursa Major</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Diagonal braces sometimes fixed across the hold.</def>

<h1>Pointing</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>Point"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of sharpening.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of designating, as a position or direction, by means of something pointed, as a finger or a rod.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act or art of punctuating; punctuation.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of filling and finishing the joints in masonry with mortar, cement, etc.; also, the material so used.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The rubbing off of the point of the wheat grain in the first process of high milling.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Sculpt.)</fld> <def>The act or process of measuring, at the various distances from the surface of a block of marble, the surface of a future piece of statuary; also, a process used in cutting the statue from the artist's model.</def>

<h1>Pointingstock</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>Point`ing*stock`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An object of ridicule or scorn; a laughingstock.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pointless</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>Point"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no point; blunt; wanting keenness; obtuse; <as>as, a <ex>pointless</ex> sword; a <ex>pointless</ex> remark.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Blunt; obtuse, dull; stupid.</syn>

<h1>Pointlessly</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>Point"less*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Without point.</def>

<h1>Pointleted</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>Point"let*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a small, distinct point; apiculate.</def>

<i>Henslow.</i>

<h1>Pointrel</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>Poin"trel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A graving tool.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Pointsman</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>Points"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-men</plw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>n)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man who has charge of railroad points or switches.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Poise</h1>
<Xpage=106>

<hw>Poise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pois</ets>, <ets>peis</ets>, OF. <ets>pois</ets>, <ets>peis</ets>, F. <ets>poids</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pensum</ets> a portion weighed out, <ets>pendere</ets> to weigh, weigh out. Cf. <er>Avoirdupois</er>, <er>Pendant</er>, <er>Poise</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>peise</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Weight; gravity; that which causes a body to descend; heaviness.</def> "Weights of an extraordinary <i>poise</i>."

<i>Evelyn.</i>
<-- Obsolete? -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The weight, or mass of metal, used in weighing, to balance the substance weighed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of being balanced by equal weight or power; equipoise; balance; equilibrium; rest.</def>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which causes a balance; a counterweight.</def>

<blockquote>Men of unbounded imagination often want the <b>poise</b> of judgment.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Poise</h1>
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<hw>Poise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Poised</er>, <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Poising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>poisen</ets>, <ets>peisen</ets>, OF. & F. <ets>peser</ets>, to weigh, balance, OF. il <ets>peise</ets>, il <ets>poise</ets>, he weighs, F. il <ets>p\'8ase</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pensare</ets>, v. intens. fr. <ets>pendere</ets> to weigh. See <er>Poise</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Pensive</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>peise</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To balance; to make of equal weight; <as>as, to <ex>poise</ex> the scales of a balance</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hold or place in equilibrium or equiponderance.</def>

<blockquote>Nor yet was earth suspended in the sky;
Nor <b>poised</b>, did on her own foundation lie.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To counterpoise; to counterbalance.</def>

<blockquote>One scale of reason to <b>poise</b> another of sensuality.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>poise</b> with solid sense a sprightly wit.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To ascertain, as by the balance; to weigh.</def>

<blockquote>He can not sincerely consider the strength, <b>poise</b> the weight, and discern the evidence.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To weigh (down); to oppress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lest leaden slumber <b>peise</b> me down to-morrow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Poise</h1>
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<hw>Poise</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To hang in equilibrium; to be balanced or suspended; hence, to be in suspense or doubt.</def>

<blockquote>The slender, graceful spars
<b>Poise</b> aloft in air.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Poiser</h1>
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<hw>Pois"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The balancer of dipterous insects.</def>

<h1>Poison</h1>
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<hw>Poi"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>poison</ets>, in Old French also, a potion, fr. L. <ets>potio</ets> a drink, draught, potion, a poisonous draught, fr. <ets>potare</ets> to drink. See <er>Potable</er>, and cf. <er>Potion</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any agent which, when introduced into the animal organism, is capable of producing a morbid, noxious, or deadly effect upon it; <as>as, morphine is a deadly <ex>poison</ex>; the <ex>poison</ex> of pestilential diseases.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which taints or destroys moral purity or health; <as>as, the <ex>poison</ex> of evil example; the <ex>poison</ex> of sin.</as></def>

<cs><col>Poison ash</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A tree of the genus <spn>Amyris</spn> (<spn>A. balsamifera</spn>) found in the West Indies, from the trunk of which a black liquor distills, supposed to have poisonous qualities.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The poison sumac (<spn>Rhus venenata</spn>)</cd>. <mark>[U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Poison dogwood</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>poison sumac.</cd> -- <col>Poison fang</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the superior maxillary teeth of some species of serpents, which, besides having the cavity for the pulp, is either perforated or grooved by a longitudinal canal, at the lower end of which the duct of the poison gland terminates. See <i>Illust<i>. under <er>Fang</er>.</cd> -- <col>Poison gland</col> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>a gland, in animals or plants, which secretes an acrid or venomous matter, that is conveyed along an organ capable of inflicting a wound.</cd> -- <col>Poison hemlock</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a poisonous umbelliferous plant (<spn>Conium maculatum</spn>). See <er>Hemlock</er>.</cd> -- <col>Poison ivy</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a poisonous climbing plant (<spn>Rhus Toxicodendron</spn>) of North America. It is common on stone walls and on the trunks of trees, and has trifoliate, rhombic-ovate, variously notched leaves. Many people are poisoned by it, if they touch the leaves. See <er>Poison sumac</er>. Called also <altname>poison oak</altname>, and <altname>mercury</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Poison nut</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Nux vomica</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The tree which yields this seed (<spn>Strychnos Nuxvomica</spn>). It is found on the Malabar and Coromandel coasts.</cd> -- <col>Poison oak</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the poison ivy; also, the more shrubby <spn>Rhus diversiloba</spn> of California and Oregon.</cd> <col>Poison sac</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <i>Poison gland<i>, above. See <i>Illust<i>. under <er>Fang</er>.</cd> -- <col>Poison sumac</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a poisonous shrub of the genus <spn>Rhus</spn> (<spn>R. venenata</spn>); -- also called <altname>poison ash</altname>, <altname>poison dogwood</altname>, and <altname>poison elder</altname>. It has pinnate leaves on graceful and slender common petioles, and usually grows in swampy places. Both this plant and the poison ivy (<spn>Rhus Toxicodendron</spn>) have clusters of smooth greenish white berries, while the red-fruited species of this genus are harmless. The tree (<spn>Rhus vernicifera</spn>) which yields the celebrated Japan lacquer is almost identical with the poison sumac, and is also very poisonous. The juice of the poison sumac also forms a lacquer similar to that of Japan.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Venom; virus; bane; pest; malignity.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Poison</er>, <er>Venom</er>. <i>Poison</i> usually denotes something received into the system by the mouth, breath, etc. <i>Venom</i> is something discharged from animals and received by means of a wound, as by the bite or sting of serpents, scorpions, etc. Hence, <i>venom</i> specifically implies some malignity of nature or purpose.</usage>

<h1>Poison</h1>
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<hw>Poi"son</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Poisoned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Poisoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>poisonner</ets>, F. <ets>empoissoner</ets>, L. <ets>potionare</ets> to give to drink. See <er>Poison</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To put poison upon or into; to infect with poison; <as>as, to <ex>poison</ex> an arrow; to <ex>poison</ex> food or drink.</as></def> "The ingredients of our <i>poisoned</i> chalice."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To injure or kill by poison; to administer poison to.</def>

<blockquote>If you <b>poison</b> us, do we not die ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To taint; to corrupt; to vitiate; <as>as, vice <ex>poisons</ex> happiness; slander <ex>poisoned</ex> his mind.</as></def>

<blockquote>Whispering tongues can <b>poison</b> truth.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Poison</h1>
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<hw>Poi"son</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act as, or convey, a poison.</def>

<blockquote>Tooth that <b>poisons</b> if it bite.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Poisonable</h1>
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<hw>Poi"son*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of poisoning; poisonous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Poisonable</i> heresies."

<i>Tooker.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being poisoned.</def>

<h1>Poisoner</h1>
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<hw>Poi"son*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who poisons.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Poisonous</h1>
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<hw>Poi"son*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the qualities or effects of poison; venomous; baneful; corrupting; noxious.</def> <i>Shak.</i> -- <wordforms><wf>Poi"son*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Poi"son*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Poisonsome</h1>
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<hw>Poi"son*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Poisonous.<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Holland</i>.</def>

<h1>Poisure</h1>
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<hw>Poi"sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Poise</er>.]</ety> <def>Weight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Poitrel</h1>
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<hw>Poi"trel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>poitrel</ets>, F. <ets>poitrail</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pectorale</ets> a breastplate, fr. <ets>pectoralis</ets>, a. See <er>Pectoral</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>The breastplate of the armor of a horse. See <er>Peytrel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Poize</h1>
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<hw>Poize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Poise</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pokal</h1>
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<hw>Po*kal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <def>A tall drinking cup.</def>

<h1>Poke</h1>
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<hw>Poke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large North American herb of the genus <spn>Phytolacca</spn> (<spn>P. decandra</spn>), bearing dark purple juicy berries; -- called also <altname>garget</altname>, <altname>pigeon berry</altname>, <altname>pocan</altname>, and <altname>pokeweed</altname>. The root and berries have emetic and purgative properties, and are used in medicine. The young shoots are sometimes eaten as a substitute for asparagus, and the berries are said to be used in Europe to color wine.</def>

<h1>Poke</h1>
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<hw>Poke</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>poca</ets>, <ets>poha</ets>, <ets>pohha</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>poki</ets>, OD. <ets>poke</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>pock</ets>; cf. also Gael.<ets>poca</ets>, and OF. <ets>poque</ets>. Cf. <er>Pock</er>, <er>Pocket</er>, <er>Pouch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bag; a sack; a pocket.</def> "He drew a dial from his <i>poke</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>They wallowed as pigs in a <b>poke</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A long, wide sleeve; -- called also <altname>poke sleeve</altname></def>.

<cs><col>To boy a pig a poke</col><cd> (that is, in a bag), to buy a thing without knowledge or examination of it.</cd></cs>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Poke</h1>
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<hw>Poke</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Poked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Poking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. LG. <ets>poken</ets> to prick, pierce, thrust, <ets>pok</ets> a dagger, knife, D. <ets>pook</ets>, G. <ets>pocken</ets> to beat, also Ir. <ets>poc</ets> a blow, Gael. <ets>puc</ets> to push.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To thrust or push against or into with anything pointed; hence, to stir up; to excite; <as>as, to <ex>poke</ex> a fire</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>poked</b> John, and said "Sleepest thou ?"
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To thrust with the horns; to gore.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[From 5th <er>Poke</er>, 3.]</ety> <def>To put a poke on; <as>as, to <ex>poke</ex> an ox</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<cs><col>To poke fun</col>, <cd>to excite fun; to joke; to jest.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To poke fun at</col>, <cd>to make a butt of; to ridicule. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Poke</h1>
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<hw>Poke</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To search; to feel one's way, as in the dark; to grope; <as>as, to <ex>poke</ex> about</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A man must have <b>poked</b> into Latin and Greek.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Poke</h1>
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<hw>Poke</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of poking; a thrust; a jog; <as>as, a <ex>poke</ex> in the ribs</as>.</def>

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A lazy person; a dawdler; also, a stupid or uninteresting person.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A contrivance to prevent an animal from leaping or breaking through fences. It consists of a yoke with a pole inserted, pointed forward.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Poke bonnet</col>, <cd>a bonnet with a straight, projecting front.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pokebag</h1>
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<hw>Poke"bag`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called in allusion to its baglike nest.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European long-tailed titmouse; -- called also <altname>poke-pudding</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Poker</h1>
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<hw>Pok"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Poke</er> to push.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who pokes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which pokes or is used in poking, especially a metal bar or rod used in stirring a fire of coals.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A poking-stick.</def>

<i>Decker.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The poachard.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>Poker picture</col>, <cd>a picture formed in imitation of bisterwashed drawings, by singeing the surface of wood with a heated poker or other iron.</cd></cs><-- wood burning? -->

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Poker</h1>
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<hw>Pok"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain etymol.]</ety> <def>A game at cards derived from brag, and first played about 1835 in the Southwestern United States.</def>

<i>Johnson's Cyc.</i>
<-- <note>A poker hand is played with a poker deck, composed of fifty-two cards, of thirteeen values, each card value being represented once in each of four "suits", namely spades, hearts, diamonds, and clubs.  The game is played in many variations, but almost invariably the stage of decision as to who wins occurs when each player has five cards (or chooses five cards from some larger number available to him).  The winner usually is the player with the highest-valued hand, but, in some variations, the winner may be the player with the lowest-valued hand.  The value of a hand is ranked by hand types, representing the relationships of the cards to each other.  [The hand types are ranked by the probability of receiving such a hand when dealt five cards.]  Within each hand type the value is also ranked by the values of the cards.  The hand types are labeled, in decreasing value: five of a kind; royal flush; straight flush; four of a kind; full house (coll. full boat, or boat); flush; straight; three of a kind; two pairs; one pair; and, when the contending players have no hands of any of the above types, the player with the highest-valued card wins -- if there is a tie, the next-highest-valued card of the tied players determines the winner, and so on.  If two players have the same type of hand, the value of the cards within each type determines the winner; thus, if two players both have three of a kind (and no other player has a higher type of hand), the player whose three matched cards have the highest card value is the winner. -->

<h1>Poker</h1>
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<hw>Pok"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>pokker</ets> the deuce, devil, also W. <ets>pwci</ets>, a hobgoblin, bugbear, and E. <ets>puck</ets>.]</ety> <def>Any imagined frightful object, especially one supposed to haunt the darkness; a bugbear.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Pokerish</h1>
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<hw>Pok"er*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Infested by pokers; adapted to excite fear; <as>as, a <ex>pokerish</ex> place</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<blockquote>There is something <b>pokerish</b> about a deserted dwelling.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pokerish</h1>
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<hw>Pok"er*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Stiff like a poker.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Poket</h1>
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<hw>Pok"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pocket.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pokeweed</h1>
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<hw>Poke"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Poke</er>, the plant.</def>

<h1>Pokey</h1>
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<hw>Pok"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Poky</er>.</def>

<h1>Poking</h1>
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<hw>Pok"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Drudging; servile.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Bred to some <b>poking</b> profession.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Poking-stick</h1>
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<hw>Pok"ing-stick`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A small stick or rod of steel, formerly used in adjusting the plaits of ruffs.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Poky</h1>
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<hw>Pok"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>pokey</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Confined; cramped.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dull; tedious; uninteresting.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Polacca</h1>
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<hw>Po*lac"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>polacca</ets>, <ets>polaccra</ets>, <ets>polacra</ets>; cf. F. <ets>polaque</ets>, <ets>polacre</ets>, Sp. <ets>polacre</ets>,]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>polacre</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel with two or three masts, used in the Mediterranean. The masts are usually of one piece, and without tops, caps, or crosstrees.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Polonaise</er>.</def>

<h1>Polack</h1>
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<hw>Po"lack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Polander.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Polacre</h1>
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<hw>Po*la"cre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Polacca</er>, <er>1</er>.</def>

<h1>Polander</h1>
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<hw>Po"land*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Poland; a Pole.</def>

<h1>Polar</h1>
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<hw>Po"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>polaire</ets>. See <er>Pole</er> of the earth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to one of the poles of the earth, or of a sphere; situated near, or proceeding from, one of the poles; <as>as, <ex>polar</ex> regions; <ex>polar</ex> seas; <ex>polar</ex> winds.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the magnetic pole, or to the point to which the magnetic needle is directed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, reckoned from, or having a common radiating point; <as>as, <ex>polar</ex> co\'94rdinates</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Polar axis</col>, <cd>that axis of an astronomical instrument, as an equatorial, which is parallel to the earths axis.</cd> -- <col>Polar bear</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large bear (<spn>Ursus, &or; Thalarctos, maritimus</spn>) inhabiting the arctic regions. It sometimes measures nearly nine feet in length and weighs 1,600 pounds. It is partially amphibious, very powerful, and the most carnivorous of all the bears. The fur is white, tinged with yellow. Called also <altname>White bear</altname>. See <er>Bear</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Polar body</col>, <col>cell</col>, &or; <col>globule</col></mcol> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <cd>a minute cell which separates by karyokinesis from the ovum during its maturation. In the maturation of ordinary ova two polar bodies are formed, but in parthogenetic ova only one. The first polar body formed is usually larger than the second one, and often divides into two after its separation from the ovum. Each of the polar bodies removes maternal chromatin from the ovum to make room for the chromatin of the fertilizing spermatozo\'94n; but their functions are not fully understood.</cd> -- <col>Polar circles</col> <fld>(Astron. & Geog.)</fld>, <cd>two circles, each at a distance from a pole of the earth equal to the obliquity of the ecliptic, or about 23&deg; 28\'b7, the northern called the <i>arctic circle</i>, and the southern the <i>antarctic circle</i>.</cd> -- <col>Polar clock</col>, <cd>a tube, containing a polarizing apparatus, turning on an axis parallel to that of the earth, and indicating the hour of the day on an hour circle, by being turned toward the plane of maximum polarization of the light of the sky, which is always 90&deg; from the sun.</cd> -- <col>Polar co\'94rdinates</col>. <cd>See under 3d <er>Co\'94rdinate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Polar dial</col>, <cd>a dial whose plane is parallel to a great circle passing through the poles of the earth.</cd> <i>Math. Dict.</i> -- <col>Polar distance</col>, <cd>the angular distance of any point on a sphere from one of its poles, particularly of a heavenly body from the north pole of the heavens.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Polar equation of a line</col> &or; <col>surface</col></mcol>, <cd>an equation which expresses the relation between the polar co\'94rdinates of every point of the line or surface.</cd> -- <col>Polar forces</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>forces that are developed and act in pairs, with opposite tendencies or properties in the two elements, as magnetism, electricity, etc.</cd> -- <col>Polar hare</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large hare of Arctic America (<spn>Lepus arcticus</spn>), which turns pure white in winter. It is probably a variety of the common European hare (<spn>L. timidus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Polar lights</col>, <cd>the aurora borealis or australis.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Polar</col>, &or; <col>Polaric</col>, <col>opposition</col> &or; <col>contrast</col></mcol> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>an opposition or contrast made by the existence of two opposite conceptions which are the extremes in a species, as white and black in colors; hence, as great an opposition or contrast as possible.</cd> -- <col>Polar projection</col>. <cd>See under <er>Projection</er>.</cd> -- <col>Polar spherical triangle</col> <fld>(Spherics)</fld>, <cd>a spherical triangle whose three angular points are poles of the sides of a given triangle.</cd> See 4th <er>Pole</er>, 2. -- <col>Polar whale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the right whale, or bowhead.</cd> See <er>Whale</er>.</cd></cs>

<-- p. 107  -->

<h1>Polar</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Conic Sections)</fld> <def>The right line drawn through the two points of contact of the two tangents drawn from a given point to a given conic section. The given point is called the <i>pole</i> of the line. If the given point lies within the curve so that the two tangents become imaginary, there is still a real polar line which does not meet the curve, but which possesses other properties of the polar. Thus the focus and directrix are pole and polar. There are also poles and polar curves to curves of higher degree than the second, and poles and polar planes to surfaces of the second degree.</def>

<h1>Polarchy</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Pol"ar*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Polyarchy</er>.</def>

<h1>Polaric</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po*lar"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Polar</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Polarily</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po"lar*i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a polary manner; with polarity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Polarimeter</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po`lar*im"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Polar</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>An instrument for determining the amount of polarization of light, or the proportion of polarized light, in a partially polarized ray.</def>

<h1>Polarimetry</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po`lar*im"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The art or process of measuring the polarization of light.</def>

<h1>Polaris</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po*la"ris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Polar</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The polestar. See <cref>North star</cref>, under <er>North</er>.</def>

<h1>Polariscope</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po*lar"i*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Polar</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>An instrument consisting essentially of a polarizer and an analyzer, used for polarizing light, and analyzing its properties.</def>

<h1>Polariscopic</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po*lar`i*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the polariscope; obtained by the use of a polariscope; <as>as, <ex>polariscopic</ex> observations</as>.</def>

<h1>Polariscopy</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po`lar*is"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The art or rocess of making observations with the polariscope.</def>

<h1>Polaristic</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po`lar*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or exhibiting, poles; having a polar arrangement or disposition; arising from, or dependent upon, the possession of poles or polar characteristics; <as>as, <ex>polaristic</ex> antagonism</as>.</def>

<h1>Polarity</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>polarit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That quality or condition of a body in virtue of which it exhibits opposite, or contrasted, properties or powers, in opposite, or contrasted, parts or directions; or a condition giving rise to a contrast of properties corresponding to a contrast of positions, <as>as, for example, attraction and repulsion in the opposite parts of a magnet, the dissimilar phenomena corresponding to the different sides of a polarized ray of light, etc</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A property of the conic sections by virtue of which a given point determines a corresponding right line and a given right line determines a corresponding point. See <er>Polar</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Polarizable</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po"lar*i`za*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Susceptible of polarization.</def>

<h1>Polarization</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po`lar*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>polarisation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of polarizing; the state of being polarized, or of having polarity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A peculiar affection or condition of the rays of light or heat, in consequence of which they exhibit different properties in different directions.</def>

<note>&hand; If a beam of light, which has been reflected from a plate of unsilvered glass at an angle of about 56\'f8, be received upon a second plate of glass similar to the former, and at the same angle of incidence, the light will be readily reflected when the two planes of incidence are parallel to each other, but will not be reflected when the two planes of incidence are perpendicular to each other. The light has, therefore, acquired new properties by reflection from the first plate of glass, and is called <i>polarized light</i>, while the modification which the light has experienced by this reflection is called <i>polarization</i>. The plane in which the beam of light is reflected from the first mirror is called the <i>plane of polarization</i>. The <i>angle of polarization</i> is the angle at which a beam of light must be reflected, in order that the polarization may be the most complete. The term <i>polarization</i> was derived from the theory of emission, and it was conceived that each luminous molecule has two poles analogous to the poles of a magnet; but this view is not now held. According to the undulatory theory, ordinary light is produced by vibrations transverse or perpendicular to the direction of the ray, and distributed as to show no distinction as to any particular direction. But when, by any means, these, vibrations are made to take place in one plane, the light is said to be <i>plane polarized</i>. If only a portion of the vibrations lie in one plane the ray is said to be <i>partially polarized</i>. Light may be polarized by several methods other than by reflection, as by refraction through most crystalline media, or by being transmitted obliquely through several plates of glass with parallel faces. If a beam of polarized light be transmitted through a crystal of quartz in the direction of its axis, the plane of polarization will be changed by an angle proportional to the thickness of the crystal. This phenomenon is called <i>rotatory polarization</i>. A beam of light reflected from a metallic surface, or from glass surfaces under certain peculiar conditions, acquires properties still more complex, its vibrations being no longer rectilinear, but circular, or elliptical. This phenomenon is called <i>circular</i> or <i>elliptical polarization</i>.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>An effect produced upon the plates of a voltaic battery, or the electrodes in an electrolytic cell, by the deposition upon them of the gases liberated by the action of the current. It is chiefly due to the hydrogen, and results in an increase of the resistance, and the setting up of an opposing electro-motive force, both of which tend materially to weaken the current of the battery, or that passing through the cell.</def>

<h1>Polarize</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po"lar*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Polarized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Polarizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>polariser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To communicate polarity to.</def>

<h1>Polarizer</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po"lar*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That which polarizes; especially, the part of a polariscope which receives and polarizes the light. It is usually a reflecting plate, or a plate of some crystal, as tourmaline, or a doubly refracting crystal.</def>

<-- Polaroid.  [A trademark of the Polaroid company] 1. polarizing light; as, a polaroid lens.  Used to refer to a smitransparent material which permits transmission of only plane-polarized light.  2.  Relating to, or able to take, instant photographs; as, a polaroid camera; a polaroid photo.  -->

<h1>Polary</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po"lar*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to a pole; having a direction toward a pole.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Polatouche</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po`la`touche"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A flying squirrel (<spn>Sciuropterus volans</spn>) native of Northern Europe and Siberia; -- called also <altname>minene</altname>.</def>

<h1>Polder</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Pol"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D.]</ety> <def>A tract of low land reclaimed from the sea by of high embankments.</def> <mark>[Holland & Belgium]</mark>

<h1>Poldway</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Pold"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Poledavy</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of coarse bagging, -- used for coal sacks.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Pole</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Pole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>Pole</ets> a Pole, <ets>Polen</ets> Poland.]</ety> <def>A native or inhabitant of Poland; a Polander.</def>

<h1>Pole</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Pole</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[As. <ets>p\'bel</ets>, L. <ets>palus</ets>, akin to <ets>pangere</ets> to make fast. Cf. <er>Pale</er> a stake, <er>Pact</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A long, slender piece of wood; a tall, slender piece of timber; the stem of a small tree whose branches have been removed; <as>as, specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> A carriage pole, a wooden bar extending from the front axle of a carriage between the wheel horses, by which the carriage is guided and held back</as>. <sd>(b)</sd> A flag pole, a pole on which a flag is supported. <sd>(c)</sd> A Maypole. See <er>Maypole</er>. <sd>(d)</sd> A barber's pole, a pole painted in stripes, used as a sign by barbers and hairdressers. <sd>(e)</sd> A pole on which climbing beans, hops, or other vines, are trained.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A measuring stick; also, a measure of length equal to 5<?/ yards, or a square measure equal to 30<?/ square yards; a rod; a perch.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<cs><col>Pole bean</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any kind of bean which is customarily trained on poles, as the scarlet runner or the Lima bean.</cd> -- <col>Pole flounder</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large deep-water flounder (<spn>Glyptocephalus cynoglossus</spn>), native of the northern coasts of Europe and America, and much esteemed as a food fish; -- called also <altname>craig flounder</altname>, and <altname>pole fluke</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Pole lathe</col>, <cd>a simple form of lathe, or a substitute for a lathe, in which the work is turned by means of a cord passing around it, one end being fastened to the treadle, and the other to an elastic pole above.</cd> -- <col>Pole mast</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a mast formed from a single piece or from a single tree.</cd> -- <col>Pole of a lens</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the point where the principal axis meets the surface.</cd> -- <col>Pole plate</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a horizontal timber resting on the tiebeams of a roof and receiving the ends of the rafters. It differs from the <i>plate<i> in not resting on the wall.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pole</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Pole</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Poled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Poling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish with poles for support; <as>as, to <ex>pole</ex> beans or hops</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To convey on poles; <as>as, to <ex>pole</ex> hay into a barn</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To impel by a pole or poles, as a boat.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To stir, as molten glass, with a pole.</def>

<h1>Pole</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Pole</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>polus</ets>, Gr. <?/ a pivot or hinge on which anything turns, an axis, a pole; akin to <?/ to move: cf. F. <ets>p\'93le</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Either extremity of an axis of a sphere; especially, one of the extremities of the earth's axis; <as>as, the north <ex>pole</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Spherics)</fld> <def>A point upon the surface of a sphere equally distant from every part of the circumference of a great circle; or the point in which a diameter of the sphere perpendicular to the plane of such circle meets the surface. Such a point is called the <i>pole</i> of that circle; <as>as, the <ex>pole</ex> of the horizon; the <ex>pole</ex> of the ecliptic; the <ex>pole</ex> of a given meridian.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>One of the opposite or contrasted parts or directions in which a polar force is manifested; a point of maximum intensity of a force which has two such points, or which has polarity; <as>as, the <ex>poles</ex> of a magnet; the north <ex>pole</ex> of a needle.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The firmament; the sky.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Shoots against the dusky <b>pole</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>See <er>Polarity</er>, and <er>Polar</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Magnetic pole</col>. <cd>See under <er>Magnetic</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Poles of the earth</col>, &or; <col>Terrestrial poles</col></mcol> <fld>(Geog.)</fld>, <cd>the two opposite points on the earth's surface through which its axis passes.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Poles of the heavens</col>, &or; <col>Celestial poles</col></mcol>, <cd>the two opposite points in the celestial sphere which coincide with the earth's axis produced, and about which the heavens appear to revolve.</cd><-- sic.  something seems missing. is "produced" superfluous? --></cs>

<h1>Poleax, Poleaxe</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw><hw>Pole"ax`</hw>, <hw>Pole"axe`</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pollax</ets>; cf. OD. <ets>pollexe</ets>. See <er>Poll</er> head, and Ax.]</ety> <def>Anciently, a kind of battle-ax with a long handle; later, an ax or hatchet with a short handle, and a head variously patterned; -- used by soldiers, and also by sailors in boarding a vessel.</def>

<h1>Polecat</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Pole"cat`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Probably fr. F. <ets>poule</ets> hen, and originally, a poultry cat, because it feeds on poultry. See <er>Poultry</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small European carnivore of the Weasel family (<spn>Putorius f\'d2tidus</spn>). Its scent glands secrete a substance of an exceedingly disagreeable odor. Called also <altname>fitchet</altname>, <altname>foulmart</altname>, and <altname>European ferret</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The zorilla. The name is also applied to other allied species.</def>

<h1>Poledavy</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Pole"da`vy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymology uncertain.]</ety> <def>A sort of coarse canvas; poldway.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Poleless</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Pole"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a pole; <as>as, a <ex>poleless</ex> chariot</as>.</def>

<h1>Polemarch</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Pol"e*march</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ war + <?/ leader, from <?/ to be first.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>In Athens, originally, the military commanderin-chief; but, afterward, a civil magistrate who had jurisdiction in respect of strangers and sojourners. In other Grecian cities, a high military and civil officer.</def>

<h1>Polemic</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po*lem"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ warlike, fr.<?/ war: cf. F. <ets>pol\'82mique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to controversy; maintaining, or involving, controversy; controversial; disputative; <as>as, a <ex>polemic</ex> discourse or essay; <ex>polemic</ex> theology.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Engaged in, or addicted to, polemics, or to controversy; disputations; <as>as, a <ex>polemic</ex> writer</as>.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Polemic</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po*lem"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who writes in support of one opinion, doctrine, or system, in opposition to another; one skilled in polemics; a controversialist; a disputant.</def>

<blockquote>The sarcasms and invectives of the young <b>polemic</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A polemic argument or controversy.</def>

<h1>Polemical</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po*lem"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Polemic; controversial; disputatious.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Po*lem"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote><b>Polemical</b> and impertinent disputations.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Polemicist</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po*lem"i*cist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A polemic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Polemics</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po*lem"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pol\'82mique</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or practice of disputation or controversy, especially on religious subjects; that branch of theological science which pertains to the history or conduct of ecclesiastical controversy.</def>

<h1>Polemist</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Pol"e*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A polemic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Polemoniaceous</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Pol`e*mo`ni*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (<spn>Polemoniace\'91</spn>), which includes <spn>Polemonium</spn>, <spn>Phlox</spn>, <spn>Gilia</spn>, and a few other genera.</def>

<h1>Polemonium</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Pol`e*mo"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.<?/ a kind of plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of gamopetalous perennial herbs, including the Jacob's ladder and the Greek valerian.</def>

<h1>Polemoscope</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po*lem"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ war + <ets>-scope</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pol\'82moscope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An opera glass or field glass with an oblique mirror arranged for seeing objects do not lie directly before the eye; -- called also <altname>diagonal, &or; side, opera glass</altname>.</def>

<h1>Polemy</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Pol"e*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Polemic</er>.]</ety> <def>Warfare; war; hence, contention; opposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Polenta</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Po*len"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. L. <ets>polenta</ets> peeled barley.]</ety> <def>Pudding made of Indian meal; also, porridge made of chestnut meal.</def> <mark>[Italy]</mark>

<h1>Poler</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Pol"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who poles.</def>

<h1>Poler</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Pol"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An extortioner. See <er>Poller</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Bacon</i>.

<h1>Polestar</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Pole"star`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Polaris, or the north star. See <cref>North star</cref>, under <er>North</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A guide or director.</def>

<h1>Polewards</h1>
<Xpage=107>

<hw>Pole"wards</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Toward a pole of the earth.</def> "The regions further <i>polewards</i>."

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Polewig</h1>
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<hw>Pole"wig</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Polliwig</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European spotted goby <fld>(Gobius minutus)</fld>; -- called also <altname>pollybait</altname>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Poley</h1>
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<hw>Po"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Poly</er>.</def>

<h1>Poley</h1>
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<hw>Po"ley</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without horns; polled.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> "That <i>poley</i> heifer."

<i>H. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Polianite</h1>
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<hw>Po"li*a*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to become gray.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Manganese dioxide, occurring in tetragonal crystals nearly as hard as quartz.</def>

<h1>Policate</h1>
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<hw>Pol"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pollicate</er>.</def>

<h1>Police</h1>
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<hw>Po*lice"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>politia</ets> the condition of a state, government, administration, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to be a citizen, to govern or administer a state, fr. <?/ citizen, fr. <?/ city; akin to Skr. <ets>pur</ets>, <ets>puri</ets>. Cf. <er>Policy</er> polity, <er>Polity</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A judicial and executive system, for the government of a city, town, or district, for the preservation of rights, order, cleanliness, health, etc., and for the enforcement of the laws and prevention of crime; the administration of the laws and regulations of a city, incorporated town, or borough.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which concerns the order of the community; the internal regulation of a state.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The organized body of civil officers in a city, town, or district, whose particular duties are the preservation of good order, the prevention and detection of crime, and the enforcement of the laws.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Military police, the body of soldiers detailed to preserve civil order and attend to sanitary arrangements in a camp or garrison.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The cleaning of a camp or garrison, or the state <?/ a camp as to cleanliness.</def>

<cs><col>Police commissioner</col>, <cd>a civil officer, usually one of a board, commissioned to regulate and control the appointment, duties, and discipline of the police.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Police constable</col>, &or; <col>Police officer</col></mcol>, <cd>a policeman.</cd> -- <col>Police court</col>, <cd>a minor court to try persons brought before it by the police.</cd> -- <col>Police inspector</col>, <cd>an officer of police ranking next below a superintendent.</cd> -- <col>Police jury</col>, <cd>a body of officers who collectively exercise jurisdiction in certain cases of police, as levying taxes, etc.; -- so called in Louisiana. <i>Bouvier</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Police justice</col>, &or; <col>Police magistrate</col></mcol>, <cd>a judge of a police court.</cd> -- <col>Police offenses</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>minor offenses against the order of the community, of which a police court may have final jurisdiction.</cd> -- <col>Police station</col>, <cd>the headquarters of the police, or of a section of them; the place where the police assemble for orders, and to which they take arrested persons.</cd></cs>

<h1>Police</h1>
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<hw>Po*lice"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Policed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Policing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To keep in order by police.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To make clean; <as>as, to <ex>police</ex> a camp</as>.</def>

<h1>Policed</h1>
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<hw>Po*liced"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Regulated by laws for the maintenance of peace and order, enforced by organized administration.</def> "A <i>policed</i> kingdom."

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Policeman</h1>
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<hw>Po*lice"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Policemen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A member of a body of police; a constable.</def>

<h1>Policial</h1>
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<hw>Po*li"cial</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the police</def>. <mark>[R.]</mark>

<-- p. 108  -->

<h1>Policied</h1>
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<hw>Pol"i*cied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Policed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Policy</h1>
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<hw>Pol"i*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Policies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>politia</ets>, Gr. <?/; cf. F. <ets>police</ets>, Of. <ets>police</ets>. See <er>Police</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Civil polity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The settled method by which the government and affairs of a nation are, or may be, administered; a system of public or official administration, as designed to promote the external or internal prosperity of a state.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The method by which any institution is administered; system of management; course.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Management or administration based on temporal or material interest, rather than on principles of equity or honor; hence, worldly wisdom; dexterity of management; cunning; stratagem.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Prudence or wisdom in the management of public and private affairs; wisdom; sagacity; wit.</def>

<blockquote>The very <b>policy</b> of a hostess, finding his purse so far above his clothes, did detect him.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Motive; object; inducement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What <b>policy</b> have you to bestow a benefit where it is counted an injury?
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Polity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Policy</h1>
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<hw>Pol"i*cy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Policied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Policying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To regulate by laws; to reduce to order.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Policying</i> of cities."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Policy</h1>
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<hw>Pol"i*cy</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>police</ets>; cf. Pr. <ets>polissia</ets>, Sp. <ets>p\'a2lizia</ets>, It. <ets>p\'a2lizza</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. L. <ets>pollex</ets> thumb (as being used in pressing the seal), in LL. also, seal; or cf. LL. <ets>politicum</ets>, <ets>poleticum</ets>, <ets>polecticum</ets>, L. <ets>polyptychum</ets>, account book, register, fr. Gr. <?/ having many folds or leaves; <?/ many + <?/ fold, leaf, from <?/ to fold; or cf. LL. <ets>apodixa</ets> a receipt.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A ticket or warrant for money in the public funds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The writing or instrument in which a contract of insurance is embodied; an instrument in writing containing the terms and conditions on which one party engages to indemnify another against loss arising from certain hazards, perils, or risks to which his person or property may be exposed. See <er>Insurance</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A method of gambling by betting as to what numbers will be drawn in a lottery; <as>as, to play <ex>policy</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Interest policy</col>, <cd>a policy that shows by its form that the assured has a real, substantial interest in the matter insured.</cd> -- <col>Open policy</col>, <cd>one in which the value of the goods or property insured is not mentioned.</cd> -- <col>Policy book</col>, <cd>a book to contain a record of insurance policies.</cd> -- <col>Policy holder</col>, <cd>one to whom an insurance policy has been granted.</cd> -- <col>Policy shop</col>, <cd>a gambling place where one may bet on the numbers which will be drawn in lotteries.</cd> -- <col>Valued policy</col>, <cd>one in which the value of the goods, property, or interest insured is specified.</cd> -- <col>Wager policy</col>, <cd>a policy that shows on the face of it that the contract it embodies is a pretended insurance, founded on an ideal risk, where the insured has no interest in anything insured.</cd></cs>

<h1>Poling</h1>
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<hw>Pol"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pole</er> a stick.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of supporting or of propelling by means of a pole or poles; <as>as, the <ex>poling</ex> of beans; the <ex>poling</ex> of a boat.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gardening)</fld> <def>The operation of dispersing worm casts over the walks with poles.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of the poles or planks used in upholding the side earth in excavating a tunnel, ditch, etc.</def>

<h1>Polish</h1>
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<hw>Pol"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pole</er> a Polander.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Poland or its inhabitants.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The language of the Poles.</def></def2>

<h1>Polish</h1>
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<hw>Pol"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Polished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Polishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>polir</ets>, L. <ets>polire</ets>. Cf. <er>Polite</er>, <er>-ish</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make smooth and glossy, usually by friction; to burnish; to overspread with luster; <as>as, to <ex>polish</ex> glass, marble, metals, etc</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to refine; to wear off the rudeness, coarseness, or rusticity of; to make elegant and polite; <as>as, to <ex>polish</ex> life or manners</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>To polish off</col>, <cd>to finish completely, as an adversary. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>W. H. Russell.</i>

<h1>Polish</h1>
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<hw>Pol"ish</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become smooth, as from friction; to receive a gloss; to take a smooth and glossy surface; <as>as, steel <ex>polishes</ex> well</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Polish</h1>
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<hw>Pol"ish</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A smooth, glossy surface, usually produced by friction; a gloss or luster.</def>

<blockquote>Another prism of clearer glass and better <b>polish</b>.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything used to produce a gloss.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Fig.: Refinement; elegance of manners.</def>

<blockquote>This Roman <b>polish</b> and this smooth behavior.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Polishable</h1>
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<hw>Pol"ish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being polished.</def>

<h1>Polished</h1>
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<hw>Pol"ished</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made smooth and glossy, as by friction; hence, highly finished; refined; polite; <as>as, <ex>polished</ex> plate; <ex>polished</ex> manners; <ex>polished</ex> verse.</as></def>

<h1>Polishedness</h1>
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<hw>Pol"ished*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being polished.</def>

<h1>Polisher</h1>
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<hw>Pol"ish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, polishes; also, that which is used in polishing.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Polishing</h1>
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<hw>Pol"ish*ing</hw>, <def><tt>a. & n.</tt> from <er>Polish</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Polishing iron</col>, <cd>an iron burnisher; esp., a small smoothing iron used in laundries.</cd> -- <col>Polishing slate</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A gray or yellow slate, found in Bohemia and Auvergne, and used for polishing glass, marble, and metals</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A kind of hone or whetstone; hone slate.</cd> -- <col>Polishing snake</col>, <cd>a tool used in cleaning lithographic stones.</cd> -- <col>Polishing wheel</col>, <cd>a wheel or disk coated with, or composed of, abrading material, for polishing a surface.</cd></cs>

<h1>Polishment</h1>
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<hw>Pol"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of polishing, or the state of being polished.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Polite</h1>
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<hw>Po*lite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Politer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Politest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>politus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>polire</ets> to polish: cf. F. <ets>poli</ets>. See <er>Polish</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Smooth; polished.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Rays of light falling on a <b>polite</b> surface.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Smooth and refined in behavior or manners; well bred; courteous; complaisant; obliging; civil.</def>

<blockquote>He marries, bows at court, and grows <b>polite</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Characterized by refinement, or a high degree of finish; <as>as, <ex>polite</ex> literature</as>.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Polished; refined; well bred; courteous; affable; urbane; civil; courtly; elegant; genteel.</syn>

<h1>Polite</h1>
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<hw>Po*lite"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To polish; to refine; to render polite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Politely</h1>
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<hw>Po*lite"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a polished manner; so as to be smooth or glossy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a polite manner; with politeness.</def>

<h1>Politeness</h1>
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<hw>Po*lite"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>High finish; smoothness; burnished elegance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality or state of being polite; refinement of manners; urbanity; courteous behavior; complaisance; obliging attentions.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Courtesy; good breeding; refinement; urbanity; courteousness; affability; complaisance; civility; gentility; courtliness.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Politeness</er>, <er>Courtesy</er>. <i>Politeness</i> denotes that ease and gracefulness of manners which first sprung up in cities, connected with a desire to please others by anticipating their wants and wishes, and studiously avoiding whatever might give them pain. <i>Courtesy</i> is, etymologically, the <i>politeness</i> of courts. It displays itself in the address and manners; it is shown more especially in receiving and entertaining others, and is a union of dignified complaisance and kindness.</usage>

<h1>Politesse</h1>
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<hw>Pol`i*tesse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Politeness.</def>

<h1>Politic</h1>
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<hw>Pol"i*tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>politicus</ets> political, Gr. <?/ belonging to the citizens or to the state, fr.<?/ citizen: cf. F. <ets>politique</ets>. See <er>Police</er>, and cf. <er>ePolitical</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to polity, or civil government; political; <as>as, the body <ex>politic</ex></as>. See under <er>Body</er>.</def>

<blockquote>He with his people made all but one <b>politic</b> body.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or promoting, a policy, especially a national policy; well-devised; adapted to its end, whether right or wrong; -- said of things; <as>as, a <ex>politic</ex> treaty</as>.</def> "Enrich'd with <i>politic</i> grave counsel."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sagacious in promoting a policy; ingenious in devising and advancing a system of management; devoted to a scheme or system rather than to a principle; hence, in a good sense, wise; prudent; sagacious; and in a bad sense, artful; unscrupulous; cunning; -- said of persons.</def>

<blockquote><b>Politic</b> with my friend, smooth with mine enemy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Wise; prudent; sagacious; discreet; provident; wary; artful; cunning.</syn>

<h1>Politic</h1>
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<hw>Pol`i*tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A politician.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Swiftly the <b>politic</b> goes; is it dark? he borrows a lantern;
Slowly the statesman and sure, guiding his feet by the stars.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Political</h1>
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<hw>Po*lit"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having, or conforming to, a settled system of administration.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A <i>political</i> government."

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to public policy, or to politics; relating to affairs of state or administration; <as>as, a <ex>political</ex> writer</as>.</def> "The <i>political</i> state of Europe."

<i>Paley.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a party, or to parties, in the state; <as>as, his <ex>political</ex> relations were with the Whigs</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Politic; wise; also, artful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<cs><col>Political economy</col>, <cd>that branch of political science or philosophy which treats of the sources, and methods of production and preservation, of the material wealth and prosperity of nations.</cd></cs>

<h1>Politicalism</h1>
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<hw>Po*lit"i*cal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Zeal or party spirit in politics.</def>

<h1>Politically</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Po*lit"i*cal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a political manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Politicly; artfully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Knolles.</i>

<h1>Politicaster</h1>
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<hw>Po*lit"i*cas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>politicastro</ets>.]</ety> <def>A petty politician; a pretender in politics.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Politician</h1>
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<hw>Pol`i*ti"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>politicien</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One versed or experienced in the science of government; one devoted to politics; a statesman.</def>

<blockquote>While empiric <b>politicians</b> use deceit.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One primarily devoted to his own advancement in public office, or to the success of a political party; -- used in a depreciatory sense; one addicted or attached to politics as managed by parties (see <er>Politics</er>, <er>2</er>); a schemer; an intriguer; <as>as, a mere <ex>politician</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Like a scurvy <b>politician</b>, seem
To see the things thou dost not.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>politician</b> . . . ready to do anything that he apprehends for his advantage.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Politician</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Pol`i*ti"cian</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cunning; using artifice; politic; artful.</def> "Ill-meaning <i>politician</i> lords."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Politicist</h1>
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<hw>Po*lit"i*cist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A political writer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Politicly</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Pol"i*tic*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a politic manner; sagaciously; shrewdly; artfully.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Politics</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Pol"i*tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>politique</ets>, Gr. <?/ (sc.<?/). See <er>Politic</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The science of government; that part of ethics which has to do with the regulation and government of a nation or state, the preservation of its safety, peace, and prosperity, the defense of its existence and rights against foreign control or conquest, the augmentation of its strength and resources, and the protection of its citizens in their rights, with the preservation and improvement of their morals.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The management of a political party; the conduct and contests of parties with reference to political measures or the administration of public affairs; the advancement of candidates to office; in a bad sense, artful or dishonest management to secure the success of political candidates or parties; political trickery.</def>

<blockquote>When we say that two men are talking <b>politics</b>, we often mean that they are wrangling about some mere party question.
<i>F. W. Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Politize</h1>
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<hw>Pol"i*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To play the politician; to dispute as politicians do.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Politure</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Pol"i*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>politura</ets>, fr. <ets>polire</ets> to polish. See <er>Polish</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <def>Polish; gloss. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Donne</i>.</def>

<h1>Polity</h1>
<Xpage=108>

<hw>Pol"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Polities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>politia</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>politie</ets>. See 1st <er>Policy</er>, <er>Police</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The form or constitution of the civil government of a nation or state; the framework or organization by which the various departments of government are combined into a systematic whole.</def>

<i>Blackstone. Hooker.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: The form or constitution by which any institution is organized; the recognized principles which lie at the foundation of any human institution.</def>

<blockquote>Nor is possible that any form of <b>polity</b>, much less <b>polity</b> ecclesiastical, should be good, unless God himself be author of it.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Policy; art; management.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Policy.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Polity</er>, <er>Policy</er>. These two words were originally the same. <i>Polity</i> is now confined to the structure of a government; as, civil or ecclesiastical <i>polity</i>; while <i>policy</i> is applied to the scheme of management of public affairs with reference to some aim or result; as, foreign or domestic <i>policy</i>. <i>Policy</i> has the further sense of skillful or cunning management.</usage>

<h1>Politzerization</h1>
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<hw>Po*litz`er*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act of inflating the middle ear by blowing air up the nose during the act of swallowing; -- so called from Prof. <i>Politzer</i> of Vienna, who first practiced it.</def>

<h1>Polive</h1>
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<hw>Pol"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pulley.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Polka</h1>
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<hw>Pol"ka</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pol. <ets>Polka</ets> a Polish woman: cf. F. & G. <ets>polka</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A dance of Polish origin, but now common everywhere. It is performed by two persons in common time.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A lively Bohemian or Polish dance tune in 2-4 measure, with the third quaver accented.</def>

<cs><col>Polka jacket</col>, <cd>a kind of knit jacket worn by women.</cd></cs>

<h1>Poll</h1>
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<hw>Poll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Polly</ets>, The proper name.]</ety> <def>A parrot; -- familiarly so called.</def>

<h1>Poll</h1>
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<hw>Poll</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the many, the rabble.]</ety> <def>One who does not try for honors, but is content to take a degree merely; a passman.</def> <mark>[Cambridge Univ., Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Poll</h1>
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<hw>Poll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to LG. <ets>polle</ets> the head, the crest of a bird, the top of a tree, OD. <ets>pol</ets>, <ets>polle</ets>, Dan. <ets>puld</ets> the crown of a hat.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The head; the back part of the head.</def> "All flaxen was his <i>poll</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A number or aggregate of heads; a list or register of heads or individuals.</def>

<blockquote>We are the greater <b>poll</b>, and in true fear
They gave us our demands.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The muster file, rotten and sound, upon my life, amounts not to fifteen thousand <b>poll</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Specifically, the register of the names of electors who may vote in an election.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The casting or recording of the votes of registered electors; <as>as, the close of the <ex>poll</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>All soldiers quartered in place are to remove . . . and not to return till one day after the <b>poll</b> is ended.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The place where the votes are cast or recorded; <as>as, to go to the <ex>polls</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The broad end of a hammer; the but of an ax.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European chub. See <er>Pollard</er>, 3 <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>

<cs><col>Poll book</col>, <cd>a register of persons entitled to vote at an election.</cd> -- <col>Poll evil</col> <fld>(Far.)</fld>, <cd>an inflammatory swelling or abscess on a horse's head, confined beneath the great ligament of the neck.</cd> -- <col>Poll pick</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a pole having a heavy spike on the end, forming a kind of crowbar.</cd> -- <col>Poll tax</col>, <cd>a tax levied by the head, or poll; a capitation tax.</cd></cs>

<h1>Poll</h1>
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<hw>Poll</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Polled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Polling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To remove the poll or head of; hence, to remove the top or end of; to clip; to lop; to shear; <as>as, to <ex>poll</ex> the head; to <ex>poll</ex> a tree.</as></def>

<blockquote>When he [Absalom] <b>pollled</b> his head.
<i>2 Sam. xiv. 26.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His death did so grieve them that they <b>polled</b> themselves; they clipped off their horse and mule's hairs.
<i>Sir T. North.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cut off; to remove by clipping, shearing, etc.; to mow or crop; -- sometimes with <i>off</i>; <as>as, to <ex>poll</ex> the hair; to <ex>poll</ex> wool; to <ex>poll</ex> grass.</as></def>

<blockquote>Who, as he <b>polled</b> off his dart's head, so sure he had decreed
That all the counsels of their war he would <b>poll</b> off like it.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To extort from; to plunder; to strip.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Which <b>polls</b> and pills the poor in piteous wise.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To impose a tax upon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To pay as one's personal tax.</def>

<blockquote>The man that <b>polled</b> but twelve pence for his head.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To enter, as polls or persons, in a list or register; to enroll, esp. for purposes of taxation; to enumerate one by one.</def>

<blockquote><b>Polling</b> the reformed churches whether they equalize in number those of his three kingdoms.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To register or deposit, as a vote; to elicit or call forth, as votes or voters; <as>as, he <ex>polled</ex> a hundred votes more than his opponent</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>poll</b> for points of faith his trusty vote.
<i>Tickell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To cut or shave smooth or even; to cut in a straight line without indentation; <as>as, a <ex>polled</ex> deed</as>. See <er>Dee<?/ poll</er>.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<-- 9. to inquire (of a group of persons) to learn their opinion on some subject.  Similar to poll a jury, but often used to determine the opinions of a group by polling a portion of that group.  Thus, opinion poll. -->

<cs><col>To poll a jury</col>, <cd>to call upon each member of the jury to answer individually as to his concurrence in a verdict which has been rendered.</cd></cs>

<h1>Poll</h1>
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<hw>Poll</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To vote at an election.</def>

<i>Beaconsfield.</i>

<h1>Pollack</h1>
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<hw>Pol"lack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. & D. <ets>pollack</ets>, and Gael. <ets>pollag</ets> a little pool, a sort of fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A marine gadoid food fish of Europe (<spn>Pollachius virens</spn>). Called also <altname>greenfish</altname>, <altname>greenling</altname>, <altname>lait</altname>, <altname>leet</altname>, <altname>lob</altname>, <altname>lythe</altname>, and <altname>whiting pollack</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The American pollock; the coalfish.</def>

<h1>Pollage</h1>
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<hw>Poll"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A head or poll tax; hence, extortion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Pollan</h1>
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<hw>Pol"lan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gael. <ets>pollag</ets> a kind of fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lake whitefish (<spn>Coregonus pollan</spn>), native of Ireland. In appearance it resembles a herring.</def>

<h1>Pollard</h1>
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<hw>Pol"lard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Poll</er> the head.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tree having its top cut off at some height above the ground, that may throw out branches.</def>

<i>Pennant.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A clipped coin; also, a counterfeit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Camden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A fish, the chub.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A stag that has cast its antlers.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A hornless animal (cow or sheep).</def>

<h1>Pollard</h1>
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<hw>Pol"lard</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pollarded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pollarding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To lop the tops of, as trees; to poll; <as>as, to <ex>pollard</ex> willows</as>.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Pollax</h1>
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<hw>Poll"ax`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A poleax.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Polled</h1>
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<hw>Polled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deprived of a poll, or of something belonging to the poll. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> Lopped; -- said of trees having their tops cut off. <sd>(b)</sd> Cropped; hence, bald; -- said of a person. "The <i>polled</i> bachelor." <i>Beau. & Fl.</i> <sd>(c)</sd> Having cast the antlers; -- said of a stag. <sd>(d)</sd> Without horns; <as>as, <ex>polled</ex> cattle; <ex>polled</ex> sheep.</as></def>

<h1>Pollen</h1>
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<hw>Pol"len</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pollen</ets> fine flour, fine dust; cf. Gr. <?/]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fine bran or flour.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<-- p. 109  -->

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fecundating dustlike cells of the anthers of flowers. See <er>Flower</er>, and <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Filament</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Pollen grain</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a particle or call of pollen.</cd> -- <col>Pollen mass</col>, <cd>a pollinium. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Pollen sac</col>, <cd>a compartment of an anther containing pollen, -- usually there are four in each anther.</cd> -- <col>Pollen tube</col>, <cd>a slender tube which issues from the pollen grain on its contact with the stigma, which it penetrates, thus conveying, it is supposed, the fecundating matter of the grain to the ovule.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pollenarious</h1>
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<hw>Pol`len*a"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of meal or pollen.</def>

<h1>Pollened</h1>
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<hw>Pol"lened</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with pollen.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Polleniferous</h1>
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<hw>Pol`len*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pollen</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing pollen; polliniferous.</def>

<h1>Pollenin</h1>
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<hw>Pol"len*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>poll\'82nine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance found in the pollen of certain plants.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pollenize</h1>
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<hw>Pol"len*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pollenized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pollenizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To supply with pollen; to impregnate with pollen.</def>

<h1>Poller</h1>
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<hw>Poll"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Poll</er>]</ety> <def>One who polls; specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> One who polls or lops trees. <sd>(b)</sd> One who polls or cuts hair; a barber. <mark>[R.]</mark> <sd>(c)</sd> One who extorts or plunders. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Bacon</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> One who registers voters, or one who enters his name as a voter.</def>

<h1>Pollex</h1>
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<hw>Pol"lex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pollices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., the thumb.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The first, or preaxial, digit of the fore limb, corresponding to the hallux in the hind limb; the thumb. In birds, the pollex is the joint which bears the bastard wing.</def>

<h1>Pollicate</h1>
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<hw>Pol"li*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pollex</ets>, <ets>pollicis</ets>, a thumb.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a curved projection or spine on the inner side of a leg joint; -- said of insects.</def>

<h1>Pollicitation</h1>
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<hw>Pol*lic`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pollicitatio</ets>, fr. <ets>pollicitari</ets> to promise, v. intens. fr. <ets>polliceri</ets> to promise: cf. F. <ets>pollicitation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A voluntary engagement, or a paper containing it; a promise.</def>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Roman Law)</fld> <def>A promise without mutuality; a promise which has not been accepted by the person to whom it is made.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Pollinate</h1>
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<hw>Pol"li*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pollinose.</def>

<h1>Pollinate</h1>
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<hw>Pol"li*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>To apply pollen to (a stigma).</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pol`li*na"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld></wordforms>

<h1>Pollinctor</h1>
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<hw>Pol*linc"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>pollingere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>One who prepared corpses for the funeral.</def><-- undertaker, funeral director -->

<h1>Polling</h1>
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<hw>Poll"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Poll</er> the head.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of topping, lopping, or cropping, as trees or hedges.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Plunder, or extortion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of voting, or of registering a vote.</def>

<cs><col>Polling booth</col>, <cd>a temporary structure where the voting at an election is done; a polling place.</cd></cs>

<h1>Polliniferous</h1>
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<hw>Pol`li*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pollen</ets>, <ets>-inis</ets>, pollen + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pollinif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing pollen; polleniferous.</def>

<h1>Pollinium</h1>
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<hw>Pol*lin"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pollinia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[<er>NL</er>. See <er>Pollen</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A coherent mass of pollen, as in the milkweed and most orchids.</def>

<h1>Pollinose</h1>
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<hw>Pol"li*nose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pollen</ets>, <ets>-inis</ets>, dust.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the surface covered with a fine yellow dust, like pollen.</def>

<h1>Polliwig, Polliwog</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pol"li*wig</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pol"li*wog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>polwigle</ets>. Cf. <er>Poll</er> head, and <er>Wiggle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tadpole; -- called also <altname>purwiggy</altname> and <altname>porwigle</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pollock</h1>
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<hw>Pol"lock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pollack</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine gadoid fish (<spn>Pollachius carbonarius</spn>), native both of the European and American coasts. It is allied to the cod, and like it is salted and dried. In England it is called <altname>coalfish</altname>, <altname>lob</altname>, <altname>podley</altname>, <altname>podling</altname>, <altname>pollack</altname>, etc.</def>

<h1>Pollucite</h1>
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<hw>Pol"lu*cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pollux</er>, and 4th <er>Castor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A colorless transparent mineral, resembling quartz, occurring with castor or castorite on the island of Elba. It is a silicate of alumina and c\'91sia. Called also <altname>pollux</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pollute</h1>
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<hw>Pol*lute"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Polluted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Polluting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>pollutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>polluere</ets> to defile, to pollute, from a prep. appearing only in comp. + <ets>luere</ets> to wash. See <er>Position</er>, <er>Lave</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make foul, impure, or unclean; to defile; to taint; to soil; to desecrate; -- used of physical or moral defilement.</def>

<blockquote>The land was <b>polluted</b> with blood.
<i>Ps. cvi. 38</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wickedness . . . hath <b>polluted</b> the whole earth.
<i>2 Esd. xv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To violate sexually; to debauch; to dishonor.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Jewish Law)</fld> <def>To render ceremonially unclean; to disqualify or unfit for sacred use or service, or for social intercourse.</def>

<blockquote>Neither shall ye <b>pollute</b> the holy things of the children of Israel, lest ye die.
<i>Num. xviii. 32.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They have <b>polluted</b> themselves with blood.
<i>Lam. iv. 14.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To defile; soil; contaminate; corrupt; taint; vitiate; debauch; dishonor; ravish.</syn>

<h1>Pollute</h1>
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<hw>Pol*lute"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pollutus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Polluted.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Polluted</h1>
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<hw>Pol*lut"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Defiled; made unclean or impure; debauched.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pol*lut"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pol*lut"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Polluter</h1>
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<hw>Pol*lut"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pollutes.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Polluting</h1>
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<hw>Pol*lut"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adapted or tending to pollute; causing defilement or pollution.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pol*lut"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pollution</h1>
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<hw>Pol*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pollutio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pollution</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of polluting, or the state of being polluted (in any sense of the verb); defilement; uncleanness; impurity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The emission of semen, or sperm, at other times than in sexual intercourse.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Pollux</h1>
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<hw>Pol"lux</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the twin brother of castor; also, the constellation.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A fixed star of the second magnitude, in the constellation Gemini. Cf. 3d <er>Castor</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pollucite</er>.</def>

<h1>Polly</h1>
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<hw>Pol"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman's name; also, a popular name for a parrot.</def>

<h1>Pollywog</h1>
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<hw>Pol"ly*wog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A polliwig.</def>

<h1>Polo</h1>
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<hw>Po"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Eastern origin; -- properly, the ball used in the game.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A game of ball of Eastern origin, resembling hockey, with the players on horseback.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A similar game played on the ice, or on a prepared floor, by players wearing skates.</def>

<h1>Polonaise</h1>
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<hw>Po`lo*naise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>polonais</ets>, <ets>polonaise</ets>, Polish.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Poles, or to Poland.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Polonese</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Polonaise</h1>
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<hw>Po`lo*naise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>Polonese</ets> and <ets>Polonoise</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The Polish language.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An article of dress for women, consisting of a body and an outer skirt in one piece.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A stately Polish dance tune, in 3-4 measure, beginning always on the beat with a quaver followed by a crotchet, and closing on the beat after a strong accent on the second beat; also, a dance adapted to such music; a polacca.</def>

<h1>Polonese</h1>
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<hw>Po`lo*nese"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>See <er>Polonaise</er>.</def>

<h1>Polony</h1>
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<hw>Po*lo"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. corrupt. fr. <ets>Bologna</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of sausage made of meat partly cooked.</def>

<h1>Polron</h1>
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<hw>Pol"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pauldron</er>.</def>

<h1>Polt</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Polt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. E. <ets>pelt</ets>, L. <ets>pultare</ets> to beat, strike.]</ety> <def>A blow or thump.</def> <i>Halliwell</i>. -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Distorted.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Pot foot</col>, <cd>a distorted foot.</cd></cs>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Polt-foot, Polt-footed</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Polt"-foot`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Polt"-foot`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a distorted foot, or a clubfoot or clubfeet.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Poltroon</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol*troon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>poltron</ets>, from It. <ets>poltrone</ets> an idle fellow, sluggard, coward, <ets>poltro</ets> idle, lazy, also, bed, fr. OHG. <ets>polstar</ets>, <ets>bolstar</ets>, cushion, G. <ets>polster</ets>, akin to E. <ets>bolster</ets>. See <er>Bolster</er>.]</ety> <def>An arrant coward; a dastard; a craven; a mean-spirited wretch.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Poltroon</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol*troon"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Base; vile; contemptible; cowardly.</def>

<h1>Poltroonery</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol*troon"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>poltronnerie</ets>; cf. It. <ets>poltroneria</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cowardice; want of spirit; pusillanimity.</def>

<h1>Poltroonish</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol*troon"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a poltroon; cowardly.</def>

<h1>Polverine</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol"ve*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>polverino</ets>, fr. <ets>polvere <?/</ets>ust, L. <ets>pulvis</ets>, <ets>-veris</ets>. See <er>Powder</er>.]</ety> <def>Glassmaker's ashes; a kind of potash or pearlash, brought from the Levant and Syria, -- used in the manufacture of fine glass.</def>

<h1>Polwig</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol"wig</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A polliwig. <i>Holland</i>.</def>

<h1>Poly-</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol"y-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[See <er>Full</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>A combining form or prefix from Gr. <grk>poly`s</grk>, <i>many</i>; <as>as, <ex>poly</ex>gon, a figure of many angles; <ex>poly</ex>atomic, having many atoms; <ex>poly</ex>chord, <ex>poly</ex>conic.</as></def>

<h1>Poly</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Po"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>polium</ets>, the name of a plant, perhaps <ets>Teucrium polium</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A whitish woolly plant (<spn>Teucrium Polium</spn>) of the order <spn>Labiat\'91</spn>, found throughout the Mediterranean region. The name, with sundry prefixes, is sometimes given to other related species of the same genus.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>poley</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Poly mountain</col>. <cd>See <er>Poly-mountain</er>, in Vocabulary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Polyacid</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*ac"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>acid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Capable of neutralizing, or of combining with, several molecules of a monobasic acid; having more than one hydrogen atom capable of being replaced by acid radicals; -- said of certain bases; <as>as, calcium hydrate and glycerin are <ex>polyacid</ex> bases</as>.</def>

<h1>Polyacoustic</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*a*cous"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>acoustic</ets>: cf. F. <ets>polyacoustique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Multiplying or magnifying sound.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A polyacoustic instrument.</def></def2>

<h1>Polyacoustics</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*a*cous"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of multiplying or magnifying sounds.</def>

<h1>Polyacron</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*a"cron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Polyacra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Polyacrons</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>poly`s</grk> many + <grk>'a`kron</grk> summit.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A solid having many summits or angular points; a polyhedron.</def>

<h1>Polyactin</a</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*ac*tin"<?/*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Poly-</er>, and <er>Actinia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An old name for those Anthozoa which, like the actinias, have numerous simple tentacles.</def>

<h1>Polyadelphia</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*a*del"phi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ many + <?/ brother.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an class of plants having stamens united in three or more bodies or bundles by the filaments.</def>

<h1>Polyadelphian, Polyadelphous</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Pol`y*a*del"phi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pol`y*a*del"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the class Polyadelphia; having stamens united in three or more bundles.</def>

<h1>Polyandria</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*an"dri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Polyandry</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an class of monoclinous or hermaphrodite plants, having many stamens, or any number above twenty, inserted in the receptacle.</def>

<h1>Polyandrian</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*an"dri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Polyandrous.</def>

<h1>Polyandric</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*an"dric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>polyandrique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, polyandry; mating with several males.</def> "<i>Polyandric</i> societies."

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Polyandrous</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*an"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the class Polyandria; having many stamens, or any number above twenty, inserted in the receptacle.</def>

<h1>Polyandry</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*an"dry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, man, male: cf. F. <ets>polyandrie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The possession by a woman of more than one husband at the same time; -- contrasted with <ant>monandry</ant>.</def>

<note>&hand; In law, this falls under the head of polygamy.</note>

<h1>Polyanthus</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*an"thus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Polyanthuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ rich in flowers; <?/ many + <?/ flower.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>polyanthos</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The oxlip. So called because the peduncle bears a many-flowered umbel. See <er>Oxlip</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> A bulbous flowering plant of the genus <spn>Narcissus</spn> (<spn>N. Tazetta</spn>, or <spn>N. polyanthus</spn> of some authors). See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Narcissus</er>.</def>

<h1>Polyarchist</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol"y*ar`chist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who advocates polyarchy; -- opposed to <i>monarchist</i>.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Polyarchy</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol"y*ar`chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>-archy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>polyarchie.</ets> Cf. <er>Polarchy</er>.]</ety> <def>A government by many persons, of whatever order or class.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Polyatomic</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*a*tom"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>atomic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having more than one atom in the molecule; consisting of several atoms.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having a valence greater than one.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Polyautography</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*au*tog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>autography</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of multiplying copies of one's own handwriting, or of manuscripts, by printing from stone, -- a species of lithography.</def>

<h1>Polybasic</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*ba"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>basic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Capable of neutralizing, or of combining with, several molecules of a monacid base; having several hydrogen atoms capable of being replaced by basic radicals; -- said of certain acids; <as>as, sulphuric acid is <ex>polybasic</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Polybasite</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*ba"site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Polybasic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An iron-black ore of silver, consisting of silver, sulphur, and antimony, with some copper and arsenic.</def>

<h1>Polybranchia</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*bran"chi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Poly-</er>, and <er>Branchia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Nudibranchiata including those which have numerous branchi\'91 on the back.</def>

<h1>Polybromide</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*bro"mide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>bromide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bromide containing more than one atom of bromine in the molecule.</def>

<h1>Polycarpellary</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*car"pel*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Composed of several or numerous carpels; -- said of such fruits as the orange.</def>

<h1>Polycarpic, Polycarpous</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw><hw>Pol`y*car"pic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pol`y*car"pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Bearing fruit repeatedly, or year after year.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having several pistils in one flower.</def>

<h1>Polych\'91ta</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*ch\'91"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ many + <?/ hair.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the two principal groups of Ch\'91topoda. It includes those that have prominent parapodia and fascicles of set\'91. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Parapodia</er>.</def>

<h1>Polychloride</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*chlo"ride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>chloride</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A chloride containing more than one atom of chlorine in the molecule.</def>

<h1>Polych\'d2rany</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*ch\'d2r"a*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ wide-ruling.]</ety> <def>A government by many chiefs, princes, or rules.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Polychord</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol"y*chord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ many + <?/ string, cord.]</ety> <def>Having many strings.</def>

<h1>Polychord</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol"y*chord</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A musical instrument of ten strings.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An apparatus for coupling two octave notes, capable of being attached to a keyed instrument.</def>

<h1>Polychrest</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol"y*chrest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ useful for many purposes; <?/ many + <?/ useful, fr. <?/ to use: cf. F. <ets>polychreste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine that serves for many uses, or that cures many diseases.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Polychrest salt</col> <fld>(Old Med. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>potassium sulphate, specifically obtained by fusing niter with sulphur.</cd></cs>

<h1>Polychroism</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol"y*chro*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ color.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Pleochroism</er>.</def>

<h1>Polychroite</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol"y*chro*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ color: cf. F. <ets>polychro\'8bte</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The coloring matter of saffron; -- formerly so called because of the change of color on treatment with certain acids; -- called also <altname>crocin</altname>, and <altname>safranin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Polychromate</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*chro"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Polychromic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of a polychromic acid.</def>

<h1>Polychromate</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*chro"mate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Polychromatic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound which exhibits, or from which may be prepared, a variety of colors, as certain solutions derived from vegetables, which display colors by fluorescence.</def>

<h1>Polychromatic</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*chro*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>chromatic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Showing a variety, or a change, of colors.</def>

<cs><col>Polychromatic acid</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a substance obtained by the action of nitric acid on aloes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Polychrome</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol"y*chrome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Esculin; -- so called in allusion to its fluorescent solutions.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Polychrome</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol"y*chrome</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>polychrome</ets>.]</ety> <def>Executed in the manner of polychromy; <as>as, <ex>polychrome</ex> printing</as>.</def>

<h1>Polychromic</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*chro"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + (sense 1) Gr. <?/, or (sense 2) <ets>chromic</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Polychromatic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, any one of several acids (known only in their salts) which contain more than one atom of chromium.</def>

<h1>Polychromous</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*chro"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to polychromy; many-colored; polychromatic.</def>

<h1>Polychromy</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol"y*chro`my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Art)</fld> <def>The art or practice of combining different colors, especially brilliant ones, in an artistic way.</def>

<h1>Polychronious</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*chro"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ for a long time, <?/ time.]</ety> <def>Enduring through a long time; chronic.</def>

<h1>Polyclinic</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*clin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>clinic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A clinic in which diseases of many sorts are treated; especially, an institution in which clinical instruction is given in all kinds of disease.</def>

<h1>Polyconic</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*con"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>conic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or based upon, many cones.</def>

<cs><col>Polyconic projection</col> <fld>(Map Making)</fld>, <cd>a projection of the earth's surface, or any portion thereof, by which each narrow zone is projected upon a conical surface that touches the sphere along this zone, the conical surface being then unrolled. This projection differs from <i>conic projection<i> in that latter assumes but one cone for the whole map. Polyconic projection is that in use in the United States coast and geodetic survey.</cd></cs>

<h1>Polycotyledon</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*cot`y*le"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>cotyledon</ets>: cf. F. <ets>polycotyl\'82done</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant that has many, or more than two, cotyledons in the seed.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pol`y*cot`y*led"on*ous</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Polycotyledonary</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Pol`y*cot`y*led"on*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>cotyledonary</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the villi of the placenta collected into definite patches, or cotyledons.</def>

<h1>Polycracy</h1>
<Xpage=109>

<hw>Po*lyc"ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>-cracy</ets>, as in <ets>democracy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Government by many rulers; polyarchy.</def>

<hr>
<page="10">
Page 10<p>

<h1>Polycrotic</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Pol`y*crot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to beat.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to polycrotism; manifesting polycrotism; <as>as, a <ex>polycrotic</ex> pulse; a <ex>polycrotic</ex> pulse curve.</as></def>

<h1>Polycrotism</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Po*lyc"ro*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>That state or condition of the pulse in which the pulse curve, or sphygmogram, shows several secondary crests or elevations; -- contrasted with <i>monocrotism</i> and <i>dicrotism</i>.</def>

<h1>Polycystid</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Pol`y*cys"tid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the Polycystidea.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the Polycystina.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the Polycystidea, or the Polycystina.</def></def2>

<h1>Polycystidea</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Pol`y*cys*tid"e*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Poly-</er>, and <er>Cystidea</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Gregarin\'91 including those that have two or more internal divisions of the body.</def>

<h1>Polycystina</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Pol`y*cys*ti"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Poly-</er>, and <er>Cyst</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Radiolaria including numerous minute marine species. The skeleton is composed of silica, and is often very elegant in form and sculpture. Many have been found in the fossil state.</def>

<h1>Polycystine</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Pol`y*cys"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Polycystina.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Polycystina.</def></def2>

<-- 2. a homopolymer of the amino acid cystine. -->

<h1>Polycyttaria</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Pol`y*cyt*ta"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ many + <?/, dim. fr. <?/ a hollow vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Radiolaria. It includes those having one more central capsules.</def>

<-- polydactyl. = polydactylous.  having more that the normal number of digits; e.g. a polydactylous cat may have six or more toes on its paw. -->

<h1>Polydactylism</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Pol`y*dac"tyl*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ finger: cf. F. <ets>polydactylisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The possession of more that the normal number of digits.</def>
<-- also polydactyly. -->

<h1>Polydipsia</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Pol`y*dip"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ much + <?/ thirst.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Excessive and constant thirst occasioned by disease.</def>

<h1>Polyedron</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Pol`y*e"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Polyhedron</er>.</def>

<h1>Polyedrous</h1>
<Xpage=10>

<hw>Pol`y*e"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Polyhedral</er>.</def>

<h1>Polyeidic</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*ei"dic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Passing through several distinct larval forms; -- having several distinct kinds of young.</def>

<h1>Polyeidism</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*ei"dism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The quality or state of being polyeidic.</def>

<h1>Polyembryonate</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*em"bry*o*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>embryonate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Consisting of, or having, several embryos; polyembryonic.</def>

<h1>Polyembryonic</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*em`bry*on"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>embryonic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Polyembryonate.</def>

<h1>Polyembryony</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*em"bry*o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Poly-</er>, and <er>Embryo</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The production of two or more embryos in one seed, due either to the existence and fertilization of more than one embryonic sac or to the origination of embryos outside of the embryonic sac.</def>

<h1>Polyfoil</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*foil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>foil</ets>, n.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Multifoil</er>.</def>

<h1>Polygala</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyg"a*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., milkwort, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ much + <?/ milk.]</ety> <def>A genus of bitter herbs or shrubs having eight stamens and a two-celled ovary (as the Seneca snakeroot, the flowering wintergreen, etc.); milkwort.</def>

<h1>Polygalaceous</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*ga*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (<spn>Polygalace\'91</spn>) of which Polygala is the type.</def>

<h1>Polygalic</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyg"a*lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, Polygala; specifically, designating an acrid glucoside (called <i>polygalic acid</i>, <i>senegin</i>, etc.), resembling, or possibly identical with, <i>saponin</i>.</def>

<h1>Polygamia</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*ga"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Polygamous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A Linn\'91an class of plants, characterized by having both hermaphrodite and unisexual flowers on the same plant.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A name given by Linn\'91us to file orders of plants having syngenesious flowers.</def>

<h1>Polygamian</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*ga"mi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Polygamous.</def>

<h1>Polygamist</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyg"a*mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>polygamiste</ets>, <ets>polygame</ets>, Gr. <?/, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>One who practices polygamy, or maintains its lawfulness.</def>

<h1>Polygamize</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyg"a*mize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To practice polygamy; to marry several wives.</def>

<i>Sylvester. Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Polygamous</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyg"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ living <?/ polygamy; <?/ many + <?/ marriage. Cf. <er>Bigamy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to polygamy; characterized by, or involving, polygamy; having a plurality of wives; <as>as, <ex>polygamous</ex> marriages</as>; -- opposed to <contr>monogamous</contr>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pairing with more than one female.</def>

<blockquote>Most deer, cattle, and sheep are <b>polygamous</b>.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Polygamia; bearing both hermaphrodite and unisexual flowers on the same plant.</def>

<h1>Polygamy</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyg"a*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; cf. F. <ets>polygamie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The having of a plurality of wives or husbands at the same time; usually, the marriage of a man to more than one woman, or the practice of having several wives, at the same time; -- opposed to <i>monogamy</i>; <as>as, the nations of the East practiced <ex>polygamy</ex></as>. See the Note under <er>Bigamy</er>, and cf. <er>Polyandry</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The state or habit of having more than one mate.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The condition or state of a plant which bears both perfect and unisexual flowers.</def>

<h1>Polygastrian</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*gas"tri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Polygastrica.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Polygastric</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*gas"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>gastric</ets>: cf. F. <ets>polygastrique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having several bellies; -- applied to muscles which are made up of several bellies separated by short tendons.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Polygastrica.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Polygastric</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*gas"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Polygastrica.</def>

<h1>Polygastrica</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*gas"tri*ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. So called because they were supposed to have several stomachs, or digestive cavities.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Infusoria.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Polygenesis, Polygeny</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pol`y*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Po*lyg"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>, or root of Gr. <?/ to be born.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The theory that living organisms originate in cells or embryos of different kinds, instead of coming from a single cell; -- opposed to <i>monogenesis</i>.</def>

<h1>Polygenettic</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*ge*net"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having many distinct sources; originating at various places or times.</def>

<cs><col>2</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>Of or pertaining to polygenesis; polyphyletic.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Polygenetic mountain range</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>one which is composite, or consists of two or more monogenetic ranges, each having had its own history of development.</cd></cs>

<i>Dana.</i>

<h1>Polygenic</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or relating to polygeny; polygenetic.</def>

<h1>Polygenism</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyg"e*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>polyg\'82nisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The doctrine that animals of the same species have sprung from more than one original pair.</def>

<h1>Polygenist</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyg"e*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One who maintains that animals of the same species have sprung from more than one original pair; -- opposed to <i>monogenist</i>.</def>

<h1>Polygenous</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyg"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>-genous</ets>: cf. Gr. <?/ of many families.]</ety> <def>Consisting of, or containing, many kinds; <as>as, a <ex>polygenous</ex> mountain</as>.</def>

<i>Kirwan.</i>

<h1>Polyglot</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*glot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ manytongued; <?/ many + <?/, <?/, tongue, language: cf. F. <ets>polyglotte</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Containing, or made up, of, several languages; <as>as, a <ex>polyglot</ex> lexicon, Bible</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Versed in, or speaking, many languages.</def>

<h1>Polyglot</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*glot</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who speaks several languages.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A <i>polyglot</i>, or good linguist."

<i>Howell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A book containing several versions of the same text, or containing the same subject matter in several languages; esp., the Scriptures in several languages.</def>

<blockquote>Enriched by the publication of <b>polyglots</b>.
<i>Abp. Newcome.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Polyglottous</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*glot"tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Polyglot</er>.]</ety> <def>Speaking many languages; polyglot.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>polyglottous</i> tribes of America."

<i>Max M\'81ller.</i>

<h1>Polygon</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ polygonal; <?/ many + <?/ angle: cf. F. <ets>polygone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A plane figure having many angles, and consequently many sides; esp., one whose perimeter consists of more than four sides; any figure having many angles.</def>

<cs><col>Polygon of forces</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a polygonal figure, the sides of which, taken successively, represent, in length and direction, several forces acting simultaneously upon one point, so that the side necessary to complete the figure represents the resultant of those forces. Cf. <i>Parallelogram of forces<i>, under <er>Parallelogram</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Polygonaceous</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*go*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Polygonum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of apetalous plants (<spn>Polygonace\'91</spn>), of which the knotweeds (species of <spn>Polygonum</spn>) are the type, and which includes also the docks (<spn>Rumex</spn>), the buckwheat, rhubarb, sea grape (<spn>Coccoloba</spn>), and several other genera.</def>

<h1>Polygonal</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyg"o*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having many angles.</def>

<cs><col>Polygonal numbers</col>, <cd>certain figurate numbers. See under <er>Figurate</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Polygoneutic</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*go*neu"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ offspring.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two or more broods in a season.</def>

<h1>Polygonometry</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*go*nom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Polygon</ets> +  <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of polygons; an extension of some of the principles of trigonometry to the case of polygons.</def>

<h1>Polygonous</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyg"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Polygonal.</def>

<h1>Polygonum</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyg"o*num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of plant; <?/ many + <?/ the knee, a joint of a plant. So called in allusion to the numerous joints.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants embracing a large number of species, including bistort, knotweed, smartweed, etc.</def>

<h1>Polygony</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyg"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the genus Polygonum.</def>

<h1>Polygordius</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*gor"di*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Poly-</er>, and <er>Gordius</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine annelids, believed to be an ancient or ancestral type. It is remarkable for its simplicity of structure and want of parapodia. It is the type of the order Archiannelida, or Gymnotoma. See <er>Loeven's larva</er>.</def>

<h1>Polygram</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ marked with many stripes; <?/ many + <?/ a line.]</ety> <def>A figure consisting of many lines.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Barlow.</i>

<h1>Polygraph</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ writing much; <?/ much, many + <?/ to write: cf. F. <ets>polygraphe</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument for multiplying copies of a writing; a manifold writer; a copying machine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In bibliography, a collection of different works, either by one or several authors.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Polygraphic, Polygraphical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pol`y*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pol`y*graph"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>polygraphique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or employed in, polygraphy; <as>as, a <ex>polygraphic</ex> instrument</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Done with a polygraph; <as>as, a <ex>polygraphic</ex> copy</as>.</def>

<h1>Polygraphy</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyg"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ much + <?/ to write:  cf. F. <ets>polygraphie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Much writing; writing of many books.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The art of writing in various ciphers, and of deciphering the same.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The art or practice of using a polygraph.</def>

<h1>Polygrooved</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*grooved`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>groove</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many grooves; <as>as, a <ex>polygrooved</ex> rifle or gun (referring to the rifling)</as>.</def>

<h1>Polygyn</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*gyn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>polygyne</ets>. See <er>Polygyny</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the order Polygynia.</def>

<h1>Polygynia</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*gyn"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Polygyny</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an order of plants having many styles.</def>

<h1>Polygynian, Polygynous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pol`y*gyn"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Po*lyg"y*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having many styles; belonging to the order Polygynia.</def>

<h1>Polygynist</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyg"y*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who practices or advocates polygyny.</def>

<i>H. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Polygyny</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyg"y*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ woman, wife.]</ety> <def>The state or practice of having several wives at the same time; marriage to several wives.</def>

<i>H. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Polyhalite</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*ha"lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ salt.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral usually occurring in fibrous masses, of a brick-red color, being tinged with iron, and consisting chiefly of the sulphates of lime, magnesia, and soda.</def>

<h1>Polyhedral, Polyhedrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pol`y*he"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pol`y*hed"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Polyhedron</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Having many sides, as a solid body.</def>

<cs><col>Polyhedral angle</col>, <cd>an angle bounded by three or more plane angles having a common vertex.</cd></cs>

<h1>Polyhedron</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*he"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Polyhedrons</plw>. <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Polyhedra</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ with many seats or sides; <?/ many + <?/ a seat or side: cf. F. <ets>poly\'8adre</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A body or solid contained by many sides or planes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A polyscope, or multiplying glass.</def>

<h1>Polyhedrous</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*he"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Polyhedral.</def>

<h1>Polyhistor</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*his"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ very learned.]</ety> <def>One versed in various learning.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Polyhymnia</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*hym"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/; <?/ many + <?/ hymn.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Myth.)</fld> <def>The Muse of lyric poetry.</def>

<h1>Polyiodide</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*i"o*dide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A iodide having more than one atom of iodine in the molecule.</def>

<h1>Polylogy</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyl"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ much + <?/ discourse.]</ety> <def>Talkativeness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Polyloquent</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyl"o*quent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + L. <ets>loquens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>logui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>Garrulous; loquacious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Polymastism</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*mas"tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a breast.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The condition of having more than two mamm\'91, or breasts.</def>

<-- polymath = polymathist -->

<h1>Polymathic</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*math"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>polymathique</ets>. See <er>Polymathy</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to polymathy; acquainted with many branches of learning.</def>

<h1>Polymathist</h1>
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<hw>Po*lym"a*thist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in many sciences; a person of various learning.</def>

<h1>Polymathy</h1>
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<hw>Po*lym"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ much + <?/, <?/, to learn.]</ety> <def>The knowledge of many arts and sciences; variety of learning.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Polymeniscous</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*me*nis"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Poly-</er>, and <er>Meniscus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having numerous facets; -- said of the compound eyes of insects and crustaceans.</def>

<h1>Polymer</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Polymeric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of two or more substances related to each other by polymerism; specifically, a substance produced from another substance by chemical polymerization.</def> <mark>[Formerly also written polymere.]</mark>

<h1>Polymeric</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*mer"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having the same percentage composition (that is, having the same elements united in the same proportion by weight), but different molecular weights; -- often used with <i>with</i>; thus, cyanic acid (<chform>CNOH</chform>), fulminic acid (<chform>C2N2O2H2</chform>), and cyanuric acid (<chform>C3N3O3H3</chform>), are <i>polymeric</i> with each other.</def>

<note>&hand; The figures expressing the number of atoms of each element in a number of polymeric substances are respectively multiples and factors of each other, or have some simple common divisor. The relation may be merely a numerical one, as in the example given above, or a chemical one, as in the case of aldehyde, paraldehyde, and metaldehyde.</note>

<-- 2. consisting of multiple units linked together by covalent bonds to form a larger molecule -->

<h1>Polymerism</h1>
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<hw>Po*lym"er*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The state, quality, or relation of two or more polymeric substances.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The act or process of forming polymers.</def>

<h1>Polymerization</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*mer`i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process of changing to a polymeric form; the condition resulting from such change.</def>

<h1>Polymerize</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*mer*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To cause polymerization of; to produce polymers from; to increase the molecular weight of, without changing the atomic proportions; thus, certain acids <i>polymerize</i> aldehyde.</def>

<h1>Polymerize</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*mer*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To change into another substance having the same atomic proportions, but a higher molecular weight; to undergo polymerization; thus, aldehyde <i>polymerizes</i> in forming paraldehyde.</def>

<h1>Polymerous</h1>
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<hw>Po*lym"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having many parts or members in each set.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Polymeric.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Polymnia</h1>
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<hw>Po*lym"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Polyhymnia</er>.</def>

<h1>Polymnite</h1>
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<hw>Pol"ym*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ full of moss; <?/ much + <?/ moss.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A stone marked with dendrites and black lines, and so disposed as to represent rivers, marshes, etc.</def>

<h1>Polymorph</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*morph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ multiform; <?/ many + <?/ form: cf. F. <ets>polymorphe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A substance capable of crystallizing in several distinct forms; also, any one of these forms. Cf. <er>Allomorph</er>.</def>

<h1>Polymorphic</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Polymorphous.</def>

<h1>Polymorphism</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pleomorphism</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The capability of assuming different forms; the capability of widely varying in form.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Existence in many forms; the coexistence, in the same locality, of two or more distinct forms independent of sex, not connected by intermediate gradations, but produced from common parents.</def>

<h1>Polymorphosis</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*mor*pho"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Poly-</er>, and <er>Morphosis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The assumption of several structural forms without a corresponding difference in function; -- said of sponges, etc.</def>

<h1>Polymorphous</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having, or assuming, a variety of forms, characters, or styles; <as>as, a <ex>polymorphous</ex> author</as>.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having, or occurring in, several distinct forms; -- opposed to <i>monomorphic</i>.</def>

<hr>
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Page 1111<p>

<h1>Polymorphy</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*mor`phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Existence in many forms; polymorphism.</def>

<h1>Poly-mountain</h1>
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<hw>Po`ly-moun"tain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def> Same as <er>Poly</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The closely related <spn>Teucrium montanum</spn>, formerly called <spn>Polium montanum</spn>, a plant of Southern Europe.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The <spn>Bartsia alpina</spn>, a low purple-flowered herb of Europe.</def>

<h1>Polymyod\'91</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*my"o*d\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Polymyoid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Oscines</er>.</def>

<h1>Polymyodous</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*my"o*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Polymyoid.</def>

<h1>Polymyoid</h1>
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<hw>Po*lym"y*oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, muscle + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having numerous vocal muscles; of or pertaining to the Polymyod\'91.</def>

<h1>Polyneme</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*neme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ thread.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of tropical food fishes of the family <spn>Polynemid\'91</spn>. They have several slender filaments, often very long, below the pectoral fin. Some of them yield isinglass of good quality. Called also <altname>threadfish</altname>.</def>

<h1>Polynemoid</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*ne"moid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Polyneme</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the polynemes, or the family <spn>Polynemid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Polynesian</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*ne"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Polynesia (the islands of the eastern and central Pacific), or to the Polynesians.</def>

<h1>Polynesians</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*ne"sians</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Polynesian</singw></sing>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>The race of men native in Polynesia.</def>

<h1>Polynia</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyn"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>poluineia</ets> a warm place in water, i. e., a place which does not freeze.]</ety> <def>The open sea supposed to surround the north pole.</def>

<i>Kane.</i>

<h1>Polynomial</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*no"mi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>-nomial</ets>, as in <ets>monomial</ets>, <ets>binomial</ets>: cf. F. <ets>polyn\'93me</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>An expression composed of two or more terms, connected by the signs <it>plus</it> or <it>minus</it>; as, <mathex>a<exp>2</exp> - 2ab + b<exp>2</exp></mathex>.</def>

<h1>Polynomial</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*no"mi*al</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Containing many names or terms; multinominal; <as>as, the <ex>polynomial</ex> theorem</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting of two or more words; having names consisting of two or more words; <as>as, a <ex>polynomial</ex> name; <ex>polynomial</ex> nomenclature.</as></def>

<h1>Polynuclear</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*nu"cle*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>nuclear</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Containing many nuclei.</def>

<h1>Polynucleolar</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*nu*cle"o*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>nucleolar</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having more than one nucleolus.</def>

<h1>Polyommatous</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*om"ma*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, the eye.]</ety> <def>Having many eyes.</def>

<h1>Polyonomous</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*on"o*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, name: cf. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Having many names or titles; polyonymous.</def>

<i>Sir W. Jones.</i>

<h1>Polyonomy</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*on"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gr. <?/ a multitude of names.]</ety> <def>The use of a variety of names for the same object.</def>

<i>G. S. Faber.</i>

<h1>Polyonym</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*o*nym</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An object which has a variety of names.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A polynomial name or term.</def>

<h1>Polyonymous</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*on"y*mous</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Polyonomous.</def>

<h1>Polyoptron, Polyoptrum</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pol`y*op"tron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pol`y*op"trum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ many + <?/ seen.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A glass through which objects appear multiplied, but diminished in size.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Polyorama</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*o*ra"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a sight, view.]</ety> <def>A view of many objects; also, a sort of panorama with dissolving views.</def>

<h1>Polyp</h1>
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<hw>Pol"yp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>polypus</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, literally, many-footed; <?/ many + <?/, <?/, foot: cf. F. <ets>polype</ets>. See <er>Poly-</er> and <er>Foot</er>, and cf. <er>Polypode</er>, <er>Polypody</er>, <er>Poulp</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the feeding or nutritive zooids of a hydroid or coral.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the Anthozoa.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Same as <er>Anthozoa</er>. See <er>Anthozoa</er>, <er>Madreporaria</er>, <er>Hydroid</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>polype</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Fresh-water polyp</col>, <cd>the hydra.</cd> -- <col>Polyp stem</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>that portion of the stem of a siphonophore which bears the polypites, or feeding zooids.</cd></cs>

<h1>Polyparous</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyp"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + L. <ets>parere</ets> to produce.]</ety> <def>Producing or bearing a great number; bringing forth many.</def>

<h1>Polypary</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*pa*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Polyparies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Polyp</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Polypidom</er>.</def>

<h1>Polype</h1>
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<hw>Pol"ype</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Polyp</er>.</def>

<h1>Polypean</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*pe"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a polyp, or polyps.</def>

<h1>Polyperythrin</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*pe*ryth"rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Polyp</ets> + Gr. <?/ red.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A coloring matter found in many simple Anthozoa and some hydroids.</def>

<h1>Polypetalous</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*pet"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>petal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Consisting of, or having, several or many separate petals; <as>as, a <ex>polypetalous</ex> corolla, flower, or plant</as>.</def>

<i>Martyn.</i>

<h1>Polyphagous</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>polyphagus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ much, many + <?/ to eat: cf. F. <ets>polyphage</ets>.]</ety> <def>Eating, or subsisting on, many kinds of food; <as>as, <ex>polyphagous</ex> animals</as>.</def>

<h1>Polyphagy</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyph""a*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The practice or faculty of subsisting on many kinds of food.</def>

<h1>Polypharmacy</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*phar"ma*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the using of medicine, fr. <?/ medicine: cf. F. <ets>polypharmacie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act or practice of prescribing too many medicines.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A prescription made up of many medicines or ingredients.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Polyphemus</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*phe"mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Polyphemus</ets> the one-eyed Cyclops who was blinded by Ulysses.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very large American moth (<spn>Telea polyphemus</spn>) belonging to the Silkworm family (<spn>Bombycid\'91</spn>). Its larva, which is very large, bright green, with silvery tubercles, and with oblique white stripes on the sides, feeds on the oak, chestnut, willow, cherry, apple, and other trees. It produces a large amount of strong silk. Called also <altname>American silkworm</altname>.</def>

<h1>Polyphone</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*phone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A character or vocal sign representing more than one sound, as <i>read</i>, which is pronounced <i>r\'c7d</i> or <i>r\'cbd</i>.</def>

<h1>Polyphonic</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*phon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ many + <?/ sound: cf. F. <ets>polyphone</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a multiplicity of sounds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by polyphony; <as>as, Assyrian <ex>polyphonic</ex> characters</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Consisting of several tone series, or melodic parts, progressing simultaneously according to the laws of counterpoint; contrapuntal; <as>as, a <ex>polyphonic</ex> composition</as>; -- opposed to <contr>homophonic</contr>, or <contr>monodic</contr>.</def>

<h1>Polyphonism</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyph"o*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Polyphony.</def>

<h1>Polyphonist</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyph"o*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A proficient in the art of multiplying sounds; a ventriloquist.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A master of polyphony; a contrapuntist.</def>

<h1>Polyphonous</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyph"o*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Polyphonic</er>.</def>

<h1>Polyphony</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Multiplicity of sounds, as in the reverberations of an echo.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Plurality of sounds and articulations expressed by the same vocal sign.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Composition in mutually related, equally important parts which share the melody among them; contrapuntal composition; -- opposed to <i>homophony</i>, in which the melody is given to one part only, the others filling out the harmony. See <er>Counterpoint</er>.</def>

<h1>Polyphore</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A receptacle which bears many ovaries.</def>

<h1>Polyphyletic</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*phy*let"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ clan.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, descent from more than one root form, or from many different root forms; polygenetic; -- opposed to <ant>monophyletic</ant>.</def>

<h1>Polyphyllous</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ many + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Many-leaved; <as>as, a <ex>polyphyllous</ex> calyx or perianth</as>.</def>

<h1>Polypi</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*pi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Anthozoa.</def>

<h1>Polypide</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*pide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the ordinary zooids of the Bryozoa.</def> <altsp>[Spellt also <asp>polypid</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Polypidom</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyp"i*dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Polypus</ets> + L. <ets>domus</ets> house.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A coral, or corallum; also, one of the coral-like structure made by bryozoans and hydroids.</def>

<h1>Polypier</h1>
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<hw>Po`ly`pier"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A polypidom.</def>

<h1>Polypifera</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*pif"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Anthozoa.</def>

<h1>Polypiferous</h1>
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<hw>Pol*y*pif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Polypus</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Bearing polyps, or polypites.</def>

<h1>Polypiparous</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*pip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Polypus</ets> + L. <ets>parere</ets> to produce.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Producing polyps.</def>

<h1>Polypite</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*pite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the feeding zooids, or polyps, of a coral, hydroid, or siphonophore; a hydranth. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Campanularian</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Sometimes, the manubrium of a hydroid medusa.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil coral.</def>

<h1>Polyplacophora</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*pla*coph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Poly-</er>, and <er>Placophora</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Placophora</er>.</def>

<h1>Polyplastic</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>-plastic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Assuming, or having the power of assuming, many forms; <as>as, a <ex>polyplastic</ex> element which does not preserve its original shape</as>.</def>

<h1>Polypode</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*pode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>polypode</ets>. See <er>Polypody</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Polypodium</spn>; polypody.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>polypod</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Polypode</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*pode</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, the wood louse, milleped: cf. F. <ets>polypode</ets>. See <er>Polyp</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal having many feet; a myriapod.</def>

<h1>Polypodium</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*po`di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/. See <er>Polyp</er>, and cf. 2d <er>Polypode</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants of the order <spn>Filices</spn> or ferns. The fructifications are in uncovered roundish points, called <i>sori</i>, scattered over the inferior surface of the frond or leaf. There are numerous species.</def>

<h1>Polypody</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*po`dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the genus <spn>Polypodium</spn>.</def>

<h1>Polypoid</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*poid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Polyp</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like a polyp; having the nature of a polyp, but lacking the tentacles or other parts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Resembling a polypus in appearance; having a character like that of a polypus.</def>

<h1>Polypomedus\'91</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*po*me*du"s\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Polyp</er>, and <er>Medusa</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hydrozoa</er>.</def>

<h1>Polyporous</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyp"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>porous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having many pores.</def>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Polyporus</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyp"o*rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Polypori</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ many + <?/ a pore.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of fungi having the under surface full of minute pores; also, any fungus of this genus.</def>

<note>&hand; <spn>Polyporus fomentarius</spn> was formerly dried and cut in slices for tinder, called <i>amadou</i>. <spn>P. betulinus</spn> is common in America, and forms very large thick white semicircular excrescences on birch trees. Several species of <spn>Polyporous</spn> are considered edible.</note>

<h1>Polypous</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>polypeux</ets>. See <er>Polyp</er>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of a polypus; having many feet or roots, like the polypus; affected with polypus.</def>

<h1>Polypragmatic, Polypragmatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pol`y*prag*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pol`y*prag*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>pragmatic</ets>, <ets>-ical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Overbusy; officious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Heywood.</i>

<h1>Polypragmaty</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*prag"ma*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ business.]</ety> <def>The state of being overbusy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Polyprotodonta</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*pro`to*don"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ many + <?/ first + <?/, <?/, tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of marsupials in which there are more fore incisor teeth in each jaw.</def>

<h1>Polypteroidei</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyp`te*roi"de*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Polypterus</er>, and <er>-oid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of existing ganoid fishes having numerous fins along the back. The bichir, or Polypterus, is the type. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Crossopterygian</er>.</def>

<h1>Polypterus</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyp`te*rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ many + <?/ feather, wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African genus of ganoid fishes including the bichir.</def>

<h1>Polyptoton</h1>
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<hw>Pol`yp*to"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ having, or being in, many cases; <?/ many + <?/ case.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which a word is repeated in different forms, cases, numbers, genders, etc., as in Tennyson's line, -- "My own heart's heart, and ownest own, farewell."</def>

<h1>Polypus</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Polypuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Polypi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Polyp</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Polyp</er>.</def><-- polyp is the normal term now -->

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A tumor, usually with a narrow base, somewhat resembling a pear, -- found in the nose, uterus, etc., and produced by hypertrophy of some portion of the mucous membrane.</def>

<h1>Polyrhizous</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*rhi"zous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ many + <?/ root.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having numerous roots, or rootlets.</def>

<h1>Polyschematist</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*sche"ma*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ form, manner.]</ety> <def>Having, or existing in, many different forms or fashions; multiform.</def>

<h1>Polyscope</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ farseeing; <?/ much, many + <?/ to view: cf. F. <ets>polyscope</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A glass which makes a single object appear as many; a multiplying glass.</def>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for affording a view of the different cavities of the body.</def>

<h1>Polysepalous</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*sep"al*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>sepal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the sepals separate from each other.</def>

<h1>Polysilicic</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*si*lic"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>silicic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to compounds formed by the condensation of two or more molecules of silicic acid.</def>

<cs><col>Polysilicic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>any one of a series of acids formed by the condensation of two or more molecules of silicic acid, with elimination of water.</cd></cs>

<h1>Polyspast</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*spast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>polyspaston</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ drawn by several cords; <?/ many + <?/ to draw: cf. F. <ets>polyspaste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A machine consisting of many pulleys; specifically, an apparatus formerly used for reducing luxations.</def>

<h1>Polyspermous</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*sper"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ many + <?/ seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Containing many seeds; <as>as, a <ex>polyspermous</ex> capsule or berry</as>.</def>

<i>Martyn.</i>

<h1>Polyspermy</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*sper`my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Fullness of sperm, or seed; the passage of more than one spermatozo\'94n into the vitellus in the impregnation of the ovum.</def>

<h1>Polysporous</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*spor"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Containing many spores.</def>

<h1>Polystomata</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*stom"a*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ many + <?/, <?/, mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of trematode worms having more two suckers. Called also <altname>Polystomea</altname> and <altname>Polystoma</altname>.</def>

<h1>Polystome</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*stome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ many-mouthed; <?/ + <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having many mouths.</def>

<h1>Polystome</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*stome</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal having many mouths; -- applied to Protozoa.</def>

<h1>Polystyle</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*style</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ with many columns; <?/ many + <?/ column: cf. F. <ets>polystyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Having many columns; -- said of a building, especially of an interior part or court; <as>as, a <ex>polystyle</ex> hall</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A polystyle hall or edifice.</def></def2>

<h1>Polysulphide</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*sul"phide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>sulphide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A sulphide having more than one atom of sulphur in the molecule; -- contrasted with <i>monosulphide</i>.</def>

<h1>Polysulphuret</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*sul"phu*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A polysulphide.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<h1>Polysyllabic, Polysyllabical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pol`y*syl*lab"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pol`y*syl*lab"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ many + <?/ syllable: cf. F. <ets>polysyllabique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a polysyllable; containing, or characterized by, polysyllables; consisting of more than three syllables.</def>

<h1>Polysyllabicism</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*syl*lab"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Polysyllabism.</def>

<h1>Polysyllabicity</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*syl`la*bic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Polysyllabism.</def>

<h1>Polysyllabism</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*syl"la*bism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being polysyllabic.</def>

<h1>Polysyllable</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*syl`la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>syllable</ets>.]</ety> <def>A word of many syllables, or consisting of more syllables than three; -- words of less than four syllables being called <i>monosyllables</i>, <i>dissyllables</i>, and <i>trisyllables</i>.</def>

<h1>Polysyndetic</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*syn*det"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by polysyndeton, or the multiplication of conjunctions.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pol`y*syn*det"ic*al*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Polysyndeton</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*syn"de*ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ many + <?/ bound together, fr. <?/ to bind together; <?/ with + <?/ to bind.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which the conjunction is often repeated, as in the sentence, "We have ships and men and money and stores." Opposed to <i>asyndeton</i>.</def>

<h1>Polysynthesis</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*syn"the*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>synthesis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of combining many separate elements into a whole.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>The formation of a word by the combination of several simple words, as in the aboriginal languages of America; agglutination.</def>

<i>Latham.</i>

<h1>Polysynthetic</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*syn*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>synthetic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by polysynthesis; agglutinative.</def>

<cs><col>Polysynthetic twinning</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>repeated twinning, like that of the triclinic feldspar, producing fine parallel bands in alternately reversed positions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Polsyntheticism</h1>
<Xpage=1111>

<hw>Pol`*syn*thet"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Polysynthesis.</def>

<hr>
<page="1112">
Page 1112<p>

<h1>Polytechnic</h1>
<Xpage=1112>

<hw>Pol`y*tech"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ many + <?/ an art: cf. F. <ets>polytechnique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Comprehending, or relating to, many arts and sciences; -- applied particularly to schools in which many branches of art and science are taught with especial reference to their practical application; also to exhibitions of machinery and industrial products.</def>

<h1>Polytechnical</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*tech"nic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Polytechnic.</def>

<h1>Polytechnics</h1>
<Xpage=1112>

<hw>Pol`y*tech"nics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The science of the mechanic arts.</def>

<h1>Polythalamia</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*tha*la"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Polythalamous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Foraminifera including those having a manychambered shell.</def>

<h1>Polythalamous</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*thal"a*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a chamber.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Many-chambered; -- applied to shells of Foraminifera and cephalopods. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Nautilus</er>.</def>

<h1>Polytheism</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*the*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ cf. F. <ets>polyth\'82isme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of, or belief in, a plurality of gods.</def>

<blockquote>In the Old Testament, the gradual development of <b>polytheism</b> from the primitive monotheism may be learned.
<i>Shaff-Herzog.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Polytheist</h1>
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<hw>Pol"y*the*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>polyth\'82iste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who believes in, or maintains the doctrine of, a plurality of gods.</def>

<h1>Polytheistic, Polytheistical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pol`y*the*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pol`y*the*is"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to polytheism; characterized by polytheism; professing or advocating polytheism; <as>as, <ex>polytheistic</ex> worship; a <ex>polytheistic</ex> author, or nation.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pol`y*the*is"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Polytheize</h1>
<Xpage=1112>

<hw>Pol"y*the*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To adhere to, advocate, or inculcate, the doctrine of polytheism.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Polythelism</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*the"lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <grk>qhlh`</grk> a nipple.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The condition of having more than two teats, or nipples.</def>

<h1>Polytocous</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyt"o*cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ many + <?/ offspring.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing fruit repeatedly, as most perennial plants; polycarpic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Producing many or young.</def>

<h1>Polytomous</h1>
<Xpage=1112>

<hw>Po*lyt"o*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a cutting, fr. <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Subdivided into many distinct subordinate parts, which, however, not being jointed to the petiole, are not true leaflets; -- said of leaves.</def>

<i>Henslow.</i>

<h1>Polytomy</h1>
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<hw>Po*lyt"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A division into many members.</def>

<i> F. Bowen.</i>

<h1>Polytungstate</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*tung"state</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A salt of polytungstic acid.</def>

<h1>Polytungstic</h1>
<Xpage=1112>

<hw>Pol`y*tung"stic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Containing several tungsten atoms or radicals; <as>as, <ex>polytungstic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Polytungstic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several complex acids of tungsten containing more than one atom of tungsten.</cd></cs>

<h1>Polytype</h1>
<Xpage=1112>

<hw>Pol"y*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A cast, or facsimile copy, of an engraved block, matter in type, etc. (see citation); <as>as, a <ex>polytype</ex> in relief</as>.</def>

<blockquote>By pressing the wood cut into semifluid metal, an intaglio matrix is produced: and from this matrix, in a similar way, a <b>polytype</b> in relief is obtained.
<i>Hansard.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Polytype</h1>
<Xpage=1112>

<hw>Pol"y*type</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to polytypes; obtained by polytyping; <as>as, a <ex>polytype</ex> plate</as>.</def>

<h1>Polytype</h1>
<Xpage=1112>

<hw>Pol"y*type</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Polytyped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Polytyping</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To produce a polytype of; <as>as, to <ex>polytype</ex> an engraving</as>.</def>

<h1>Poluria</h1>
<Xpage=1112>

<hw>Pol`*u"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Poly-</er>, and <er>Urine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A persistently excessive flow of watery urine, with low specific gravity and without the presence of either albumin or sugar. It is generally accompanied with more or less thirst.</def>

<h1>Polyvalent</h1>
<Xpage=1112>

<hw>Po*lyv"a*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + L. <ets>valens</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Valent</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Multivalent.</def>

<h1>Polyve</h1>
<Xpage=1112>

<hw>Pol"yve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Polive</er>.]</ety> <def>A pulley.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Polyzoa</h1>
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<hw>Pol`y*zo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ many + <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Bryozoa</er>. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Bryozoa</er>, and <er>Phylactol\'91mata</er>.</def>

<h1>Polyzoan</h1>
<Xpage=1112>

<hw>Pol`y*zo"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any species of Polyzoa; one of the Polyzoa.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A polyzo\'94n.</def>

<h1>Polyzoarium</h1>
<Xpage=1112>

<hw>Pol`y*zo*a"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Polyzoaria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Polyzoary</er>.</def>

<h1>Polyzoary</h1>
<Xpage=1112>

<hw>Pol`y*zo"a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The compound organism of a polyzoan.</def>

<h1>Polyzonal</h1>
<Xpage=1112>

<hw>Pol`y*zon"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Poly-</ets> + <ets>zonal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of many zones or rings.</def>

<cs><col>Polyzonal lens</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>a lens made up of pieces arranged zones or rings, -- used in the lanterns of lighthouses.</cd></cs>

<h1>Polyzo\'94n</h1>
<Xpage=1112>

<hw>Pol`y*zo"\'94n</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Polyzoa</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Polyzoan</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the individual zooids forming the compound organism of a polyzoan.</def>

<h1>Pomace</h1>
<Xpage=1112>

<hw>Pom"ace</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ponum</ets> a fruit, LL., an apple: cf. LL. <ets>pomagium</ets>, <ets>pomacium</ets>.]</ety> <def>The substance of apples, or of similar fruit, crushed by grinding.</def>

<h1>Pomacentroid</h1>
<Xpage=1112>

<hw>Po`ma*cen"troid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a cover + <?/ a prickle + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the <spn>Pomacentrid\'91</spn>, a family of bright-colored tropical fishes having spiny opercula; -- often called <altname>coral fishes</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pomaceous</h1>
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<hw>Po*ma"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>ponum</ets> an apple.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Like an apple or pear; producing pomes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to a suborder (<spn>Pome\'91</spn>) of rosaceous plants, which includes the true thorn trees, the quinces, service berries, medlars, and loquats, as well as the apples, pears, crabs, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Like pomace.</def>

<h1>Pomade</h1>
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<hw>Po*made"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pommade</ets> pomatum, OF. <ets>pomade</ets> cider (cf. Sp. <ets>pomada</ets>, It. <ets>pomata</ets>, LL. <ets>pomata</ets> a drink made of apples), from L. <ets>pomum</ets> fruit, LL., an apple. Cf. <er>Pomatum</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cider.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Perfumed ointment; esp., a fragrant unguent for the hair; pomatum; -- originally made from apples.</def>

<h1>Pomander</h1>
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<hw>Po*man"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>poma</ets>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A perfume to be carried with one, often in the form of a ball.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A box to contain such perfume, formerly carried by ladies, as at the end of a chain; -- more properly <altname>pomander box</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Pomarine</h1>
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<hw>Po"ma*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a lid + <?/, <?/, nose.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the nostril covered with a scale.</def>

<cs><col>Pomarine jager</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a North Atlantic jager (<spn>Stercorarius pomarinus</spn>) having the elongated middle tail feathers obtuse. The adult is black.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pomatum</h1>
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<hw>Po*ma"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pomade</er>.]</ety> <def>A perfumed unguent or composition, chiefly used in dressing the hair; pomade.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Pomatum</h1>
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<hw>Po*ma"tum</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dress with pomatum.</def>

<h1>Pome</h1>
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<hw>Pome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pomum</ets> a fruit: cf. F. <ets>pomme</ets> apple. Cf. <er>Pomade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fruit composed of several cartilaginous or bony carpels inclosed in an adherent fleshy mass, which is partly receptacle and partly calyx, as an apple, quince, or pear.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A ball of silver or other metal, which is filled with hot water, and used by the priest in cold weather to warm his hands during the service.</def>

<h1>Pome</h1>
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<hw>Pome</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pommer</ets>. See <er>Pome</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <def>To grow to a head, or form a head in growing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pomegranate</h1>
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<hw>Pome"gran`ate</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pomgarnet</ets>, OF. <ets>pome de grenate</ets>, F. <ets>grenade</ets>, L. <ets>pomum</ets> a fruit + <ets>granatus</ets> grained, having many grains or seeds. See <er>Pome</er>, and <er>Garnet</er>, <er>Grain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The fruit of the tree <spn>Punica Granatum</spn>; also, the tree itself (see <er>Balaustine</er>), which is native in the Orient, but is successfully cultivated in many warm countries, and as a house plant in colder climates. The fruit is as large as an orange, and has a hard rind containing many rather large seeds, each one separately covered with crimson, acid pulp.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A carved or embroidered ornament resembling a pomegranate.</def>

<i>Ex. xxviii. 33.</i>

<h1>Pomel</h1>
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<hw>Pom"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pommel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pomelo</h1>
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<hw>Pom"e*lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Pompelmous</er>.]</ety> <def>A variety of shaddock, called also <altname>grape fruit</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pomely</h1>
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<hw>Pome"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pomel\'82</ets>, F. <ets>pommel\'82</ets>. See <er>Pome</er>.]</ety> <def>Dappled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Pomely</i> gray."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pomeranian</h1>
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<hw>Pom`e*ra"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Pomerania, a province of Prussia on the Baltic Sea.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Pomerania.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Pomeranian dog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the loup-loup, or Spitz dog.</cd><-- also just Pomeranian--></cs>

<h1>Pomewater</h1>
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<hw>Pome"wa`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of sweet, juicy apple.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pomwater</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pomey</h1>
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<hw>Pom"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pomeys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>pomm\'82</ets> grown round, or like an apple, p. p. of <ets>pommer</ets> to pome.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A figure supposed to resemble an apple; a roundel, -- always of a green color.</def>

<h1>Pomfret</h1>
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<hw>Pom"fret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perhaps corrupt. fr. Pg. <ets>pampano</ets> a kind of fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of two or more species of marine food fishes of the genus <spn>Stromateus</spn> (<spn>S. niger</spn>, <spn>S. argenteus</spn>) native of Southern Europe and Asia.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A marine food fish of Bermuda (<spn>Brama Raji</spn>).</def>

<h1>Pomiferous</h1>
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<hw>Po*mif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pomifer</ets>; <ets>pomum</ets> fruit + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>pomif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Bearing pomes, or applelike fruits.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Bearing fruits, or excrescences, more or less resembling an apple.</def>

<h1>Pommage</h1>
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<hw>Pom"mage</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pomage</er>.</def>

<h1>Pomm\'82</h1>
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<hw>Pom`m\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Pomey</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having the ends terminating in rounded protuberances or single balls; -- said of a cross.</def>

<h1>Pomme blanche</h1>
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<hw>Pomme` blanche"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., literally, white apple.]</ety> <def>The prairie turnip. See under <er>Prairie</er>.</def>

<h1>Pommel</h1>
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<hw>Pom"mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pomel</ets>, OF. <ets>pomel</ets>, F. <ets>pommeau</ets>, LL. <ets>pomellus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pomum</ets> fruit, LL. also, an apple. See <er>Pome</er>.]</ety> <def>A knob or ball; an object resembling a ball in form</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The knob on the hilt of a sword</def>. <i>Macaulay</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The knob or protuberant part of a saddlebow</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The top (of the head)</def>. <i>Chaucer</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A knob forming the finial of a turret or pavilion.</def>

<h1>Pommel</h1>
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<hw>Pom"mel</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pommeled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Pommelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pommeling</er> or <er>Pommelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To beat soundly, as with the pommel of a sword, or with something knoblike; hence, to beat with the fists.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pummel</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pommelion</h1>
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<hw>Pom*mel"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pommel</er>: cf. LL. <ets>pomilio</ets> pygmy.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The cascabel, or hindmost knob, of a cannon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pommett\'82</h1>
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<hw>Pom`met`t\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Having two balls or protuberances at each end; -- said of a cross.</def>

<h1>Pomological</h1>
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<hw>Po`mo*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pomologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to pomology.</def>

<h1>Pomologist</h1>
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<hw>Po*mol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One versed in pomology; one who culticvates fruit trees.</def>

<h1>Pomology</h1>
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<hw>Po*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pomum</ets> fruit + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pomologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of fruits; a treatise on fruits; the cultivation of fruits and fruit trees.</def>

<h1>Pomona</h1>
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<hw>Po*mo"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from <ets>pomum</ets> fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The goddess of fruits and fruit trees.</def>

<h1>Pomp</h1>
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<hw>Pomp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pompe</ets>, F. <ets>pompe</ets>, L. <ets>pompa</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a sending, a solemn procession, pomp, fr. <?/ to send. Cf. <er>Pump</er> a shoe.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A procession distinguished by ostentation and splendor; a pageant.</def> "All the <i>pomps</i> of a Roman triumph."

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Show of magnificence; parade; display; power.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Display; parade; pageant; pageantry; splendor; state; magnificence; ostentation; grandeur; pride.</syn>

<h1>Pomp</h1>
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<hw>Pomp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a pompons display; to conduct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Pompadour</h1>
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<hw>Pom"pa*dour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A crimson or pink color; also, a style of dress cut low and square in the neck; also, a mode of dressing the hair by drawing it straight back from the forehead over a roll; -- so called after the Marchioness de <i>Pompadour</i> of France. Also much used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Pompano</h1>
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<hw>Pom"pa*no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>p\'a0mpano</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pampano</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any one of several species of marine fishes of the genus <spn>Trachynotus</spn>, of which four species are found on the Atlantic coast of the United States; -- called also <altname>palometa</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; They have a brilliant silvery or golden luster, and are highly esteemed as food fishes. The round pompano (<spn>T. thomboides</spn>) and the Carolina pompano (<spn>T. Carolinus</spn>) are the most common. Other species occur on the Pacific coast.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A California harvest fish (<spn>Stromateus simillimus</spn>), highly valued as a food fish.</def>

<cs><col>Pompano shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small bivalve shell of the genus <spn>Donax</spn>; -- so called because eaten by the pompano. <mark>[Florida]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Pompatic</h1>
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<hw>Pom*pat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pompaticus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pompous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Pompelmous</h1>
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<hw>Pom"pel*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pompelmouses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[D. <ets>pompelmoes</ets>; cf. G. <ets>pompelmuse</ets>, F. <ets>pamplemousse</ets>, and F. <ets>pompol\'82on</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shaddock, esp. one of large size.</def>

<h1>Pompet</h1>
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<hw>Pom"pet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pompette</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The ball formerly used to ink the type.</def>

<h1>Pompholyx</h1>
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<hw>Pom"pho*lyx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a bubble, the slag on the surface of smelted ore, from <?/ a blister.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Impure zinc oxide.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A skin disease in which there is an eruption of bull\'91, without inflammation or fever.</def>

<h1>Pompillion</h1>
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<hw>Pom*pil"lion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An ointment or pomatum made of black poplar buds.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Pompion</h1>
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<hw>Pom"pi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pompon</ets>. See <er>Pumpkin</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Pumpion</er>.</def>

<h1>Pompire</h1>
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<hw>Pom"pire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pomum</ets> a fruit, LL. also, an apple + <ets>pirum</ets> a pear.]</ety> <def>A pearmain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pompoleon</h1>
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<hw>Pom*po"le*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Pompelmous</er>.</def>

<h1>Pompon</h1>
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<hw>Pom"pon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any trifling ornament for a woman's dress or bonnet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A tuft or ball of wool, or the like, sometimes worn by soldiers on the front of the hat, instead of a feather.</def>

<h1>Pomposity</h1>
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<hw>Pom*pos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pomposities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The quality or state of being pompous; pompousness.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Pomposo</h1>
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<hw>Pom*po"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Grand and dignified; in grand style.</def>

<h1>Pompous</h1>
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<hw>Pomp"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pompeux</ets>, L. <ets>pomposus</ets>. See <er>Pomp</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Displaying pomp; stately; showy with grandeur; magnificent; <as>as, a <ex>pompous</ex> procession</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ostentatious; pretentious; boastful; vainlorious; <as>as, <ex>pompous</ex> manners; a <ex>pompous</ex> style.</as></def>  "<i>Pompous</i> in high presumption."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>he <b>pompous</b> vanity of the old schoolmistress.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pom"ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pomp"ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pomptine</h1>
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<hw>Pomp"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Pontine</er>.</def>

<h1>Pomwater</h1>
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<hw>Pom"wa`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Pomewater</er>.</def>

<h1>Poncho</h1>
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<hw>Pon"cho</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ponchos</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of cloak worn by the Spanish Americans, having the form of a blanket, with a slit in the middle for the head to pass through.  A kind of <i>poncho</i> made of rubber or painted cloth is used by the mounted troops in the United States service.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A trade name for camlets, or stout worsteds.</def>

<h1>Pond</h1>
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<hw>Pond</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Probably originally, an inclosed body of water, and the same word as <ets>pound</ets>. See <er>Pound</er> an inclosure.]</ety> <def>A body of water, naturally or artificially confined, and usually of less extent than a lake.</def> "Through <i>pond</i> or pool."

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>Pond hen</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the American coot. See <er>Coot</er> <sd>(a)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Pond lily</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the water lily. See under <er>Water</er>, and <i>Illust<i>. under <er>Nymph\'91a</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pond snail</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any gastropod living in fresh-water ponds or lakes. The most common kinds are air-breathing snails (<spn>Pulmonifera</spn>) belonging to Limn\'91a, Physa, Planorbis, and allied genera. The operculated species are pectinibranchs, belonging to <spn>Melantho</spn>, <spn>Valvata</spn>, and various other genera.</cd><-- Some general are italicised, otheres not.  Why?? Thus in orig. --> -- <col>Pond spice</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American shrub (<spn>Tetranthera geniculata</spn>) of the Laurel family, with small oval leaves, and axillary clusters of little yellow flowers. The whole plant is spicy. It grows in ponds and swamps from Virginia to Florida.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Pond tortoise</col>, <col>Pond turtle</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any freshwater tortoise of the family <spn>Emydid\'91</spn>. Numerous species are found in North America.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="1113">
Page 1113<p>

<h1>Pond</h1>
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<hw>Pond</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make into a pond; to collect, as water, in a pond by damming.</def>

<h1>Pond</h1>
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<hw>Pond</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ponder</er>.]</ety> <def>To ponder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Pleaseth you, <b>pond</b> your suppliant's plaint.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ponder</h1>
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<hw>Pon"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pondered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pondering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>ponderare</ets>, fr. <ets>pondus</ets>, <ets>ponderis</ets>, a weight, fr. <ets>pendere</ets> to weigh: cf. F. <ets>pond\'82rer</ets>. See <er>Pendant</er>, and cf.  <er>Pound</er> a weight.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To weigh.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To weigh in the mind; to view with deliberation; to examine carefully; to consider attentively.</def>

<blockquote><b>Ponder</b> the path of thy feet.
<i>Prov. iv. 26.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Ponder</er>, <er>Consider</er>, <er>Muse</er>.</syn> <usage> To <i>consider</i> means to view or contemplate with fixed thought. To <i>ponder</i> is to dwell upon with long and anxious attention, with a view to some practical result or decision. To <i>muse</i> is simply to think upon continuously with no definite object, or for the pleasure it gives. We <i>consider</i> any subject which is fairly brought before us; we <i>ponder</i> a concern involving great interests; we <i>muse</i> on the events of childhood.</usage>

<h1>Ponder</h1>
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<hw>Pon"der</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To think; to deliberate; to muse; -- usually followed by <i>on</i> or <i>over</i>.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<h1>Ponderability</h1>
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<hw>Pon`der*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pond\'82rabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being ponderable.</def>

<h1>Ponderable</h1>
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<hw>Pon"der*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ponderabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pond\'82rable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being weighed; having appreciable weight.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pon"der*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ponderal</h1>
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<hw>Pon"der*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pond\'82ral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Estimated or ascertained by weight; -- distinguished from <i>numeral</i>; <as>as, a <ex>ponderal</ex> drachma</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Ponderance</h1>
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<hw>Pon"der*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ponderans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>ponderare</ets> to weigh: cf. OF. <ets>ponderant</ets> of weight.]</ety> <def>Weight; gravity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gregory.</i>

<h1>Ponderary</h1>
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<hw>Pon"der*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to weight; <as>as, a <ex>ponderary</ex> system</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>M'Culloch.</i>

<h1>Ponderate</h1>
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<hw>Pon"der*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ponderatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ponderare</ets>. See <er>Ponder</er>.]</ety> <def>To consider; to ponder.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ponderate</h1>
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<hw>Pon"der*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To have weight or influence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ponderation</h1>
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<hw>Pon`der*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ponderatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pond\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of weighing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Ponderer</h1>
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<hw>Pon"der*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who ponders.</def>

<h1>Pondering</h1>
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<hw>Pon"der*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Deliberating.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pon"der*ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ponderosity</h1>
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<hw>Pon`der*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ponderosities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OF. <ets>ponderosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being ponderous; weight; gravity; heaviness, ponderousness; <as>as, the <ex>ponderosity</ex> of gold</as>.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Ponderous</h1>
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<hw>Pon"der*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ponderosus</ets>, from <ets>pondus</ets>, <ets>-eris</ets>, a weight: cf. F. <ets>pond\'82reux</ets>. See <er>Ponder</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Very heavy; weighty; <as>as, a <ex>ponderous</ex> shield; a <ex>ponderous</ex> load; the <ex>ponderous</ex> elephant.</as></def>

<blockquote>The sepulcher . . .
Hath oped his <b>ponderous</b> and marble jaws.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Important; momentous; forcible.</def> "Your more <i>ponderous</i> and settled project."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Heavy; dull; wanting; lightless or spirit; <as>as, a <ex>ponderous</ex> style; a <ex>ponderous</ex> joke.</as></def>

<cs><col>Ponderous spar</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>heavy spar, or barytes. See <er>Barite</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ponderously</h1>
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<hw>Pon"der*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a ponderous manner.</def>

<h1>Ponderousness</h1>
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<hw>Pon"der*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being ponderous; ponderosity.</def>

<h1>Pondfish</h1>
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<hw>Pond"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of American fresh-water fishes belonging to the family <spn>Centrarchid\'91</spn>; -- called also <altname>pond perch</altname>, and <altname>sunfish</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The common pondfish of New England (<spn>Lepomis gibbosus</spn>) is called also <altname>bream</altname>, <altname>pumpkin seed</altname>, and <altname>sunny</altname>. See <er>Sunfish</er>. The long-eared pondfish (<spn>Lepomis auritus</spn>) of the Eastern United States is distinguished by its very long opercular flap.</note>

<h1>Pondweed</h1>
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<hw>Pond"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any aquatic plant of the genus <spn>Potamogeton</spn>, of which many species are found in ponds or slow-moving rivers.</def>

<cs><col>Choke pondweed</col>, <cd>an American water weed (<spn>Anarcharis, &or; Elodea, Canadensis</spn>.) See <er>Anacharis</er>.</cd> -- <col>Horned pondweed</col>, <cd>the <spn>Zannichellia palustris</spn>, a slender, branching aquatic plant, having pointed nutlets.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pone</h1>
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<hw>Pone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Amer. Indian origin.]</ety> <def>A kind of johnnycake.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>paune</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Southern U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Ponent</h1>
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<hw>Po"nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF., fr. It. <ets>ponente</ets>, properly, setting (applied to the setting sun), fr. L. <ets>ponens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>ponere</ets> to set, put.]</ety> <def>Western; occidental.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Forth rush the levant and the <b>ponent</b> winds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pongee</h1>
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<hw>Pon*gee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of East Indian origin.]</ety> <def>A fabric of undyed silk from India and China.</def>

<h1>Ponghee</h1>
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<hw>Pon*ghee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native name.]</ety> <def>A Buddhist priest of the higher orders in Burmah.</def>

<i>Malcom.</i>

<h1>Pongo</h1>
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<hw>Pon"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any large ape; especially, the chimpanzee and the orang-outang.</def>

<h1>Poniard</h1>
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<hw>Pon"iard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>poignard</ets> (cf. It. <ets>pugnale</ets>, Sp. <ets>pu\'a4al</ets>), fr. L. <ets>pugio</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>; probably akin to <ets>pugnus</ets> fist, or fr. <ets>pugnus</ets> fist, as held in the fist. See <er>Pugnacious</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of dagger, -- usually a slender one with a triangular or square blade.</def>

<blockquote>She speaks <b>poniards</b>, and every word stabs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Poniard</h1>
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<hw>Pon"iard</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Poniarded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Poniarding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To pierce with a poniard; to stab.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Ponibility</h1>
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<hw>Po`ni*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ponere</ets> to place.]</ety> <def>The capability of being placed or located.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Pons</h1>
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<hw>Pons</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pontes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a bridge.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bridge; -- applied to several parts which connect others, but especially to the <i>pons Varolii</i>, a prominent band of nervous tissue situated on the ventral side of the medulla oblongata and connected at each side with the hemispheres of the cerebellum; the mesocephalon. See <er>Brain</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Pons asinorum</col>. <ety>[L., literally, bridge of asses.]</ety> <cd>See <cref>Asses'  bridge</cref>, under <er>Ass</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pontage</h1>
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<hw>Pon"tage</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>pontagium</ets>, from L. <ets>pons</ets>, <ets>pontis</ets>, a bridge: cf. F. <ets>pontage</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A duty or tax paid for repairing bridges.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Pontee</h1>
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<hw>Pon*tee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pontil</ets>, <ets>pontis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Glass Making)</fld> <def>An iron rod used by glass makers for manipulating the hot glass; -- called also, <altname>puntil</altname>, <altname>puntel</altname>, <altname>punty</altname>, and <altname>ponty</altname>. See <er>Fascet</er>.</def>

<h1>Pontic</h1>
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<hw>Pon"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Ponticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ the sea, especially, the Black Sea.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pontus, Euxine, or Black Sea.</def>

<h1>Pontifex</h1>
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<hw>Pon"ti*fex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pontifices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A high priest; a pontiff.</def>

<h1>Pontiff</h1>
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<hw>Pon"tiff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pontife</ets>, L. <ets>pontifex</ets>, <ets>-ficis</ets>; <ets>pons</ets>, <ets>pontis</ets>, a bridge (perhaps originally, a way, path) + <ets>facere</ets> to make. Cf. <er>Pontoon</er>.]</ety> <def>A high priest.</def> Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the sacred college, in ancient Rome, which had the supreme jurisdiction over all matters of religion, at the head of which was the <i>Pontifex Maximus</i></def>. <i>Dr. W. Smith</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld> <def>The chief priest</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The pope.</def>

<h1>Pontific</h1>
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<hw>Pon*tif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>pontificius</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to, or consisting of, pontiffs or priests.</def> "The <i>pontific</i> college with their augurs and flamens."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the pope; papal.</def>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<h1>Pontifical</h1>
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<hw>Pon*tif"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pontificalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pontifical</ets>. See <er>Pontiff</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a pontiff, or high priest; <as>as, <ex>pontifical</ex> authority</as>; hence, belonging to the pope; papal.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the building of bridges.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Now had they brought the work by wondrous art
<b>Pontifical</b>, a ridge of pendent rock
Over the vexed abyss.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pontifical</h1>
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<hw>Pon*tif"ic*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A book containing the offices, or formulas, used by a pontiff.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The dress and ornaments of a pontiff.</def> "Dressed in full <i>pontificals</i>."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Pontificality</h1>
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<hw>Pon*tif`i*cal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state and government of the pope; the papacy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Pontifically</h1>
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<hw>Pon*tif"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pontifical manner.</def>

<h1>Pontificate</h1>
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<hw>Pon*tif"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pontificatus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pontificat</ets>. See <er>Pontiff</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or dignity of a high priest; specifically, the office of the pope.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The term of office of a pontiff.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Pontificate</h1>
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<hw>Pon*tif"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>To perform the duty of a pontiff.</def>

<h1>Pontifice</h1>
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<hw>Pon"ti*fice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pons</ets>, <ets>pontis</ets>, a bridge + <ets>facere</ets> to make. Cf. <er>Pontiff</er>.]</ety> <def>Bridgework; structure or edifice of a bridge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Pontificial</h1>
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<hw>Pon`ti*fi"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pontificius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Papal; pontifical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Pontificial</i> writers."

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Pontifician</h1>
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<hw>Pon`ti*fi"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the pontiff or pope.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Pontifician</h1>
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<hw>Pon`ti*fi"cian</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who adheres to the pope or papacy; a papist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Pontil</h1>
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<hw>Pon"til</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Pontee</er>.</def>

<h1>Pontile</h1>
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<hw>Pon"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pontilis</ets> pertaining to a bridge.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the pons Varolii. See <er>Pons</er>.</def>

<h1>Pontine</h1>
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<hw>Pon"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Pontinus</ets> or <ets>Pomptinus</ets>, an appellation given to a district in Latium, near <ets>Pometia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an extensive marshy district between Rome and Naples.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Pomptine</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pontlevis</h1>
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<hw>Pont"le*vis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., properly, a drawbridge.]</ety> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>The action of a horse in rearing repeatedly and dangerously.</def>

<h1>Ponton</h1>
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<hw>Pon*ton"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Pontoon</er>.</def>

<h1>Pontoon</h1>
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<hw>Pon*toon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ponton</ets> (cf. It. <ets>pontone</ets>), from L. <ets>ponto</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>, fr. <ets>pons</ets>, <ets>pontis</ets>, a bridge, perhaps originally, a way, path: cf. Gr. <?/ path, Skr. <ets>path</ets>, <ets>pathi</ets>, <ets>panthan</ets>. Cf. <er>Punt</er> a boat.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A wooden flat-bottomed boat, a metallic cylinder, or a frame covered with canvas, India rubber, etc., forming a portable float, used in building bridges quickly for the passage of troops.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A low, flat vessel, resembling a barge, furnished with cranes, capstans, and other machinery, used in careening ships, raising weights, drawing piles, etc., chiefly in the Mediterranean; a lighter.</def>

<cs><col>Pontoon bridge</col>, <cd>a bridge formed with pontoons.</cd> -- <col>Pontoon train</col>, <cd>the carriages of the pontoons, and the materials they carry for making a pontoon bridge.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; The French spelling <i>ponton</i> often appears in scientific works, but <i>pontoon</i> is more common form.</note>

<h1>Pontooning</h1>
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<hw>Pon*toon"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act, art, or process of constructing pontoon bridges.</def> "Army instruction in <i>pontooning</i>."

<i>Gen. W. T. Shermah.</i>

<h1>Ponvolant</h1>
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<hw>Pon`vo*lant"</hw> <tt>(?; F. ?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pont</ets> bridge + <ets>volant</ets> flying.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A kind of light bridge, used in sieges, for surprising a post or outwork which has but a narrow moat; a flying bridge.</def>

<h1>Ponty</h1>
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<hw>Pon"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Class Making)</fld> <def>See <er>Pontee</er>.</def>

<h1>Pony</h1>
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<hw>Po"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ponies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <altsp>[Written also <asp>poney</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Gael. <ets>ponaidh</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Twenty-five pounds sterling.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A translation or a key used to avoid study in getting lessons; a crib.</def> <mark>[College Cant]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A small glass of beer.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<cs><col>Pony chaise</col>, <cd>a light, low chaise, drawn by a pony or a pair of ponies.</cd> -- <col>Pony engine</col>, <cd>a small locomotive for switching cars from one track to another.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Pony truck</col> <fld>(Locomotive Engine)</fld>, <cd>a truck which has only two wheels.</cd> -- <col>Pony truss</col> <fld>(Bridge Building)</fld>, <cd>a truss which has so little height that overhead bracing can not be used.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pood</h1>
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<hw>Pood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>pud'</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Russian weight, equal to forty Russian pounds or about thirty-six English pounds avoirdupois.</def>

<h1>Poodle</h1>
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<hw>Poo"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>pudel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A breed of dogs having curly hair, and often showing remarkable intelligence in the performance of tricks.</def>

<h1>Pooh</h1>
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<hw>Pooh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Of. imitative origin; cf. Icel. <ets>p&umac;</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pshaw! pish! nonsense! -- an expression of scorn, dislike, or contempt.</def>

<h1>Pooh-pooh</h1>
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<hw>Pooh`-pooh"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make light of; to treat with derision or contempt, <as>as if by saying <ex>pooh</ex>! <ex>pooh</ex>!</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Pookoo</h1>
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<hw>Poo"koo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A red African antelope (<spn>Kobus Vardoni</spn>) allied to the water buck.</def>

<h1>Pool</h1>
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<hw>Pool</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>p\'d3l</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>pool</ets>, <ets>pohl</ets>, D. <ets>poel</ets>, G. <ets>pfuhl</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>pollr</ets>, also W. <ets>pwll</ets>, Gael. <ets>poll</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small and rather deep collection of (usually) fresh water, as one supplied by a spring, or occurring in the course of a stream; a reservoir for water; <as>as, the <ex>pools</ex> of Solomon</as>.</def>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<blockquote>Charity will hardly water the ground where it must first fill a <b>pool</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The sleepy <b>pool</b> above the dam.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small body of standing or stagnant water; a puddle.</def> "The filthy mantled <i>pool</i> beyond your cell."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pool</h1>
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<hw>Pool</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>poule</ets>, properly, a hen. See <er>Pullet</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>poule</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The stake played for in certain games of cards, billiards, etc.; an aggregated stake to which each player has contributed a snare; also, the receptacle for the stakes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A game at billiards, in which each of the players stakes a certain sum, the winner taking the whole; also, in public billiard rooms, a game in which the loser pays the entrance fee for all who engage in the game; a game of skill in pocketing the balls on a pool table.</def>

<note>&hand; This game is played variously, but commonly with fifteen balls, besides one cue ball, the contest being to drive the most balls into the pockets.</note>

<blockquote>He plays <b>pool</b> at the billiard houses.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In rifle shooting, a contest in which each competitor pays a certain sum for every shot he makes, the net proceeds being divided among the winners.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any gambling or commercial venture in which several persons join.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A combination of persons contributing money to be used for the purpose of increasing or depressing the market price of stocks, grain, or other commodities; also, the aggregate of the sums so contributed; <as>as, the <ex>pool</ex> took all the wheat offered below the limit; he put $10,000 into the <ex>pool</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Railroads)</fld> <def>A mutual arrangement between competing lines, by which the receipts of all are aggregated, and then distributed <i>pro rata</i> according to agreement.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An aggregation of properties or rights, belonging to different people in a community, in a common fund, to be charged with common liabilities.</def>

<cs><col>Pin pool</col>, <cd>a variety of the game of billiards in which small wooden pins are set up to be knocked down by the balls.</cd> -- <col>Pool ball</col>, <cd>one of the colored ivory balls used in playing the game at billiards called <i>pool<i>.</cd> -- <col>Pool snipe</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European redshank.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Pool table</col></mcol>, <cd>a billiard table with pockets.</cd></cs><-- pool hall, a commercial establishment where customers may play pool for a fee.  pool room, (a) a room containing a pool table as its most prominent feature. (b) pool hall. -->

<h1>Pool</h1>
<Xpage=1113>

<hw>Pool</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pooled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pooling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put together; to contribute to a common fund, on the basis of a mutual division of profits or losses; to make a common interest of; <as>as, the companies <ex>pooled</ex> their traffic</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Finally, it favors the <b>pooling</b>of all issues.
<i>U. S. Grant.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pool</h1>
<Xpage=1113>

<hw>Pool</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To combine or contribute with others, as for a commercial, speculative, or gambling transaction.</def>

<h1>Pooler</h1>
<Xpage=1113>

<hw>Pool"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stick for stirring a tan vat.</def>

<h1>Pooling</h1>
<Xpage=1113>

<hw>Pool"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act of uniting, or an agreement to unite, an aggregation of properties belonging to different persons, with a view to common liabilities or profits.</def>

<h1>Poon</h1>
<Xpage=1113>

<hw>Poon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Canarese <ets>ponne</ets>.]</ety> <def>A name for several East Indian, or their wood, used for the masts and spars of vessels, as <spn>Calophyllum angustifolium</spn>, <spn>C. inophullum</spn>, and <spn>Sterculia f\'d2tida</spn>; -- called also <altname>peon</altname>.</def>

<h1>Poonac</h1>
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<hw>Poo"nac</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of oil cake prepared from the cocoanut. See <cref>Oil cake</cref>, under <er>Cake</er>.</def>

<h1>Poonga oil</h1>
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<hw>Poon"ga oil`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A kind of oil used in India for lamps, and for boiling with dammar for pitching vessels. It is pressed from the seeds of a leguminous tree (<spn>Pongamia glabra</spn>).</def>

<h1>Poop</h1>
<Xpage=1113>

<hw>Poop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See 2d <er>Poppy</er>.</def>

<h1>Poop</h1>
<Xpage=1113>

<hw>Poop</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pooped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pooping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>poepen</ets>. See <er>Pop</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a noise; to pop; also, to break wind.</def>

<h1>Poop</h1>
<Xpage=1113>

<hw>Poop</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>poupe</ets>; cf. Sp. & Pg. <ets>popa</ets>, It. <ets>poppa</ets>; all fr. L. <ets>puppis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A deck raised above the after part of a vessel; the hindmost or after part of a vessel's hull; also, a cabin covered by such a deck. See <cref>Poop deck</cref>, under <er>Deck</er>. See also <er>Roundhouse</er>.</def>

<blockquote>With wind in <b>poop</b>, the vessel plows the sea.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>poop</b> was beaten gold.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Poop</h1>
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<hw>Poop</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To break over the poop or stern, as a wave.</def> "A sea which he thought was going to <i>poop</i> her." <i>Lord Dufferin</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To strike in the stern, as by collision.</def>

<h1>Pooped</h1>
<Xpage=1113>

<hw>Pooped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having a poop; furnished with a poop.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Struck on the poop.</def>
<-- (c) Tired; exhausted, fatigued.

   pooped out a. pooped[c].
 -->

<h1>Pooping</h1>
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<hw>Poop"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The act or shock of striking a vessel's stern by a following wave or vessel.</def>

<hr>
<page="1114">
Page 1114<p>

<h1>Poor</h1>
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<hw>Poor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Poorer</er> <tt>(?; 254)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Poorest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>poure</ets> or <ets>povre</ets>, OF. <ets>povre</ets>, F. <ets>pauvre</ets>, L. <ets>pauper</ets>; the first syllable of which is probably akin to <ets>paucus</ets> few (see <er>Paucity</er>, <er>Few</er>), and the second to <ets>parare</ets> to prepare, procure. See <er>Few</er>, and cf. <er>Parade</er>, <er>Pauper</er>, <er>Poverty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of property; wanting in material riches or goods; needy; indigent.</def>

<note>&hand; It is often synonymous with <i>indigent</i> and with <i>necessitous</i> denoting extreme want. It is also applied to persons who are not entirely destitute of property, but who are not rich; as, a <i>poor</i> man or woman; <i>poor</i> people.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>So completely destitute of property as to be entitled to maintenance from the public.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> Hence, in very various applications: <def>Destitute of such qualities as are desirable, or might naturally be expected</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Wanting in fat, plumpness, or fleshiness; lean; emaciated; meager; <as>as, a <ex>poor</ex> horse, ox, dog, etc</as>.</def> "Seven other kine came up after them, <i>poor</i> and very ill-favored and lean-fleshed." <i>Gen. xli. 19</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Wanting in strength or vigor; feeble; dejected; <as>as, <ex>poor</ex> health; <ex>poor</ex> spirits.</def> "His genius . . . <i>poor</i> and cowardly." <i>Bacon</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Of little value or worth; not good; inferior; shabby; mean; <as>as, <ex>poor</ex> clothes</as>; <ex>poor</ex> lodgings.</def> "A <i>poor</i> vessel." <i>Clarendon</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Destitute of fertility; exhausted; barren; sterile; -- said of land; <as>as, <ex>poor</ex> soil</as>.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Destitute of beauty, fitness, or merit; <as>as, a <ex>poor</ex> discourse</as>; a <ex>poor</ex> picture.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>Without prosperous conditions or good results; unfavorable; unfortunate; unconformable; <as>as, a <ex>poor</ex> business</as>; the sick man had a <ex>poor</ex> night</as>.</def> <sd>(g)</sd> <def>Inadequate; insufficient; insignificant; <as>as, a <ex>poor</ex> excuse</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That I have wronged no man will be a <b>poor</b> plea or apology at the last day.
<i>Calamy.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Worthy of pity or sympathy; -- used also sometimes as a term of endearment, or as an expression of modesty, and sometimes as a word of contempt.</def>

<blockquote>And for mine own <b>poor</b> part,
Look you, I'll go pray.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Poor</b>, little, pretty, fluttering thing.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Free from self-assertion; not proud or arrogant; meek.</def> "Blessed are the <i>poor</i> in spirit."

<i>Matt. v. 3.</i>

<cs><col>Poor law</col>, <cd>a law providing for, or regulating, the relief or support of the poor.</cd> -- <col>Poor man's treacle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>garlic; -- so called because it was thought to be an antidote to animal poison. <mark>[Eng]</mark> <i>Dr. Prior</i>.</cd> -- <col>Poor man's weatherglass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the red-flowered pimpernel (<spn>Anagallis arvensis</spn>), which opens its blossoms only in fair weather.</cd> -- <col>Poor rate</col>, <cd>an assessment or tax, as in an English parish, for the relief or support of the poor.</cd> -- <col>Poor soldier</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the friar bird.</cd> -- <col>The poor</col>, <cd>those who are destitute of property; the indigent; the needy. In a legal sense, those who depend on charity or maintenance by the public.</cd>  "I have observed the more public provisions are made for <i>the poor<i>, the less they provide for themselves." <i>Franklin</i>.</cs>

<h1>Poor</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Poor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European codfish (<spn>Gadus minutus</spn>); -- called also <altname>power cod</altname>.</def>

<h1>Poorbox</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Poor"box`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A receptacle in which money given for the poor is placed.</def>

<h1>Poorhouse</h1>
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<hw>Poor"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dwelling for a number of paupers maintained at public expense; an almshouse; a workhouse.</def>

<h1>Poor-john</h1>
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<hw>Poor"-john`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European fish, similar to the cod, but of inferior quality.</def>

<blockquote><b>Poor-john</b> and apple pies are all our fare.
<i>Sir J. Harrington.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Poorliness</h1>
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<hw>Poor"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being poorly; ill health.</def>

<h1>Poorly</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Poor"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a poor manner or condition; without plenty, or sufficiency, or suitable provision for comfort; <as>as, to live <ex>poorly</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With little or no success; indifferently; with little profit or advantage; <as>as, to do <ex>poorly</ex> in business</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Meanly; without spirit.</def>

<blockquote>Nor is their courage or their wealth so low,
That from his wars they <b>poorly</b> would retire.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Without skill or merit; <as>as, he performs <ex>poorly</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Poorly off</col>, <cd>not well off; not rich.</cd></cs>

<h1>Poorly</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Poor"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat ill; indisposed; not in health.</def> "Having been <i>poorly</i> in health."

<i>T. Scott.</i>

<h1>Poorness</h1>
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<hw>Poor"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being poor (in any of the senses of the adjective).</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Poor-spirited</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Poor"-spir`it*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a mean spirit; cowardly; base.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Poor"-spir`it*ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Poor-will</h1>
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<hw>Poor"-will`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called in imitation of its note.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of the Western United States (<spn>Phal\'91noptilus Nutalli</spn>) allied to the whip-poor-will.</def>

<h1>Poor-willie</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Poor"-wil`lie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called in imitation of its note.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bar-tailed godwit.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Pop</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of imitative origin. Cf. <er>Poop</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small, sharp, quick explosive sound or report; <as>as, to go off with a <ex>pop</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An unintoxicating beverage which expels the cork with a pop from the bottle containing it; <as>as, ginger <ex>pop</ex>; lemon <ex>pop</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<i>Hood.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European redwing.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>Pop corn</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Corn, or maize, of peculiar excellence for popping; especially, a kind the grains of which are small and compact</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Popped corn; which has been popped.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pop</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Popped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Popping</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a pop, or sharp, quick sound; <as>as, the muskets <ex>popped</ex> away on all sides</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enter, or issue forth, with a quick, sudden movement; to move from place to place suddenly; to dart; -- with <i>in</i>, <i>out</i>, <i>upon</i>, <i>off</i>, etc.</def>

<blockquote>He that killed my king . . .
<b>Popp'd</b> in between the election and my hopes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A trick of <b>popping</b> up and down every moment.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To burst open with a pop, when heated over a fire; <as>as, this corn <ex>pops</ex> well</as>.</def>

<h1>Pop</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To thrust or push suddenly; to offer suddenly; to bring suddenly and unexpectedly to notice; <as>as, to <ex>pop</ex> one's head in at the door</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>popped</b> a paper into his hand.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to pop; to cause to burst open by heat, as grains of Indian corn; <as>as, to <ex>pop</ex> corn or chestnuts</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To pop off</col>, <cd>to thrust away, or put off promptly; as, to <i>pop<i> one off with a denial. <i>Locke</i>.</cd> -- <col>To pop the question</col>, <cd>to make an offer of marriage to a lady. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd> <i>Dickens.</i></cs>

<h1>Pop</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Like a pop; suddenly; unexpectedly.</def> "<i>Pop</i> goes his plate."

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Pope</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>p\'bepa</ets>, L. <ets>papa</ets> father, bishop. Cf. <er>Papa</er>, <er>Papal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any ecclesiastic, esp. a bishop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman Catholic Church. See <er>Note</er> under <er>Cardinal</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A parish priest, or a chaplain, of the Greek Church.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish; the ruff.</def>

<cs><col>Pope Joan</col>, <cd>a game at cards played on a round board with compartments.</cd> -- <col>Pope's eye</col>, <cd>the gland surrounded with fat in the middle of the thigh of an ox or sheep.</cd> <i>R. D. Blackmore</i>. -- <col>Pope's nose</col>, <cd>the rump, or uropygium, of a bird. See <er>Uropygium</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Popedom</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pope"dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>p\'beped\'d3m</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The place, office, or dignity of the pope; papal dignity.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The jurisdiction of the pope.</def>

<h1>Popeling</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pope"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A petty or deputy pope.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An adherent of the pope.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Marlowe.</i>

<h1>Popelote</h1>
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<hw>Pop"e*lote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A word variously explained as "a little puppet," "a little doll," or "a young butterfly." Cf. <er>Popet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>So gay a <b>popelote</b>, so sweet a wench.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Popery</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The religion of the Roman Catholic Church, comprehending doctrines and practices; -- generally used in an opprobrious sense.</def>

<h1>Popet</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A puppet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Popgun</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop"gun`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A child's gun; a tube and rammer for shooting pellets, with a popping noise, by compression of air.</def>

<h1>Popinjay</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop"in*jay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>popingay</ets>, <ets>papejay</ets>, OF. <ets>papegai</ets>, <ets>papegaut</ets>; cf. Pr. <ets>papagai</ets>, Sp. & Pg. <ets>papagayo</ets>, It. <ets>pappagallo</ets>, LGr. <?/, NGr. <?/; in which the first syllables are perhaps imitative of the bird's chatter, and the last either fr. L. <ets>gallus</ets> cock, or the same word as E. <ets>jay</ets>, F. <ets>geai</ets>. Cf. <er>Papagay</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The green woodpecker.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A parrot.</def>

<blockquote>The pye and <b>popyngay</b> speak they know not what.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A target in the form of a parrot.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A trifling, chattering, fop or coxcomb.</def> "To be so pestered with a <i>popinjay</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Popish</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the pope; taught or ordained by the pope; hence, of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church; -- often used opprobriously.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pop"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pop"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Poplar</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>popler</ets>, OF. <ets>poplier</ets>, F. <ets>peuplier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>populus</ets> poplar.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any tree of the genus <spn>Populus</spn>; also, the timber, which is soft, and capable of many uses.</def>

<note>&hand; The aspen poplar is <spn>Populus tremula</spn> and <spn>P. tremuloides</spn>; Balsam poplar is <spn>P. balsamifera</spn>; Lombardy poplar (<spn>P. dilatata</spn>) is a tall, spiry tree; white poplar is <spn>Populus alba</spn>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The timber of the tulip tree; -- called also <altname>white poplar</altname>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Poplexy</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Po*plex"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Apoplexy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Poplin</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>popeline</ets>, <ets>papeline</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fabric of many varieties, usually made of silk and worsted, -- used especially for women's dresses.</def>

<cs><col>Irish poplin</col>, <cd>a fabric with silk warp and worsted weft, made in Ireland.</cd></cs>

<h1>Popliteal</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop*lit"e*al</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>poples</ets>, <ets>-itis</ets>, the ham.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the ham; in the region of the ham, or behind the knee joint; <as>as, the <ex>popliteal</ex> space</as>.</def>

<h1>Poplitic</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop*lit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Popliteal.</def>

<h1>Popper</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A utensil for popping corn, usually a wire basket with a long handle.</def>

<h1>Popper</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop"per</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dagger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Poppet</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop"pet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>See <er>Puppet</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of certain upright timbers on the bilge ways, used to support a vessel in launching.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>An upright support or guide fastened at the bottom only.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Poppet head</col>, <col>Puppet head</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Headstock</er> <sd>(a)</sd>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Popied</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop"ied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Poppy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mingled or interspersed with poppies.</def> "<i>Poppied</i> corn."

<i>Keats.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affected with poppy juice; hence, figuratively, drugged; drowsy; listless; inactive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>poppied</b> sails doze on the yard.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Popping</h1>
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<hw>Pop"ping</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>a. & n.</tt> from <er>Pop</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Popping crease</col>. <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Crease</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Popple</h1>
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<hw>Pop"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Pop</er>.]</ety> <def>To move quickly up and down; to bob up and down, as a cork on rough water; also, to bubble.</def>

<i>Cotton.</i>

<h1>Popple</h1>
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<hw>Pop"ple</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The poplar.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tares.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To sow <i>popple</i> among wheat."

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Poppy</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop"py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Poppies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>popy</ets>, AS. <ets>popig</ets>, L. <ets>papaver</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant or species of the genus <spn>Papaver</spn>, herbs with showy polypetalous flowers and a milky juice. From one species (<spn>Papaver somniferum</spn>) opium is obtained, though all the species contain it to some extent; also, a flower of the plant. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Capsule</er>.</def>

<cs><col>California poppy</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any yellow-flowered plant of the genus <spn>Eschscholtzia</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Corn poppy</col>. <cd>See under <er>Corn</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Horn</col>, &or; <col>Horned</col>, <col>poppy</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Horn</er>.</cd> -- <col>Poppy bee</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a leaf-cutting bee (<spn>Anthocopa papaveris</spn>) which uses pieces cut from poppy petals for the lining of its cells; -- called also <altname>upholsterer bee</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Prickly poppy</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd><spn>Argemone Mexicana</spn>, a yellow-flowered plant of the Poppy family, but as prickly as a thistle.</cd> -- <col>Poppy seed</col>, <cd>the seed the opium poppy (<spn>P. somniferum</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Spatling poppy</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of Silene (<spn>S. inflata</spn>). See <er>Catchfly</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Poppy, Poppyhead</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw><hw>Pop"py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pop"py*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>poup\'82e</ets> doll, puppet. See <er>Puppet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A raised ornament frequently having the form of a final. It is generally used on the tops of the upright ends or elbows which terminate seats, etc., in Gothic churches.</def>

<h1>Populace</h1>
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<hw>Pop"u*lace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>populace</ets>, fr. It. <ets>popolaccio</ets>, <ets>popolazzo</ets>, fr. <ets>popolo</ets> people, L. <ets>populus</ets>. See <er>People</er>.]</ety> <def>The common people; the vulgar; the multitude, -- comprehending all persons not distinguished by rank, office, education, or profession.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>To . . . calm the peers and please the <b>populace</b>.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They . . . call us Britain's barbarous <b>populaces</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Mob; people; commonalty.</syn>

<h1>Populacy</h1>
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<hw>Pop"u*la*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Populace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Popular</h1>
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<hw>Pop"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>popularis</ets>, fr. <ets>populus</ets> people: cf. F. <ets>populaire</ets>. See <er>People</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the common people, or to the whole body of the people, as distinguished from a select portion; <as>as, the <ex>popular</ex> voice; <ex>popular</ex> elections.</as></def> "<i>Popular</i> states." <i>Bacon</i>. "So the <i>popular</i> vote inclines." <i>Milton</i>.

<blockquote>The commonly held in <b>popular</b> estimation are greatest at a distance.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suitable to common people; easy to be comprehended; not abstruse; familiar; plain.</def>

<blockquote>Homilies are plain <b>popular</b> instructions.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Adapted to the means of the common people; possessed or obtainable by the many; hence, cheap; common; ordinary; inferior; <as>as, <ex>popular</ex> prices; <ex>popular</ex> amusements.</as></def>

<blockquote>The smallest figs, called <b>popular</b> figs, . . . are, of all others, the basest and of least account.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Beloved or approved by the people; pleasing to people in general, or to many people; <as>as, a <ex>popular</ex> preacher; a <ex>popular</ex> law; a <ex>popular</ex> administration.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Devoted to the common people; studious of the favor of the populace.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Such <b>popular</b> humanity is treason.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Prevailing among the people; epidemic; <as>as, a <ex>popular</ex> disease</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<cs><col>Popular action</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd> an action in which any person may sue for penalty imposed by statute.</cd></cs>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Populares</h1>
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<hw>Pop`u*la"res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>The people or the people's party, in ancient Rome, as opposed to the <i>optimates</i>.</def>

<h1>Popularity</h1>
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<hw>Pop`u*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Popularities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>popularitas</ets> an effort to please the people: cf. F. <ets>popularit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being popular; especially, the state of being esteemed by, or of being in favor with, the people at large; good will or favor proceeding from the people; <as>as, the <ex>popularity</ex> of a law, statesman, or a book</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>popularity</b> which has lasted down to our time.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality or state of being adapted or pleasing to common, poor, or vulgar people; hence, cheapness; inferiority; vulgarity.</def>

<blockquote>This gallant laboring to avoid <b>popularity</b> falls into a habit of affectation.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Something which obtains, or is intended to obtain, the favor of the vulgar; claptrap.</def>

<blockquote><b>Popularities</b>, and circumstances which . . . sway the ordinary judgment.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of courting the favor of the people.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Indicted . . . for <i>popularity</i> and ambition."

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Public sentiment; general passion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A little time be allowed for the madness of <b>popularity</b> to cease.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Popularization</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop`u*lar*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of making popular, or of introducing among the people.</def>

<h1>Popularize</h1>
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<hw>Pop"u*lar*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Popularized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Popularizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>populariser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make popular; to make suitable or acceptable to the common people; to make generally known; <as>as, to <ex>popularize</ex> philosophy</as>.</def> "The <i>popularizing</i> of religious teaching."

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Popularizer</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop"u*lar*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who popularizes.</def>

<h1>Popularly</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop"u*lar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a popular manner; so as to be generally favored or accepted by the people; commonly; currently; <as>as, the story was <ex>popularity</ex> reported</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The victor knight,
Bareheaded, <b>popularly</b> low had bowed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Popularness</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop"u*lar*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being popular; popularity.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Populate</h1>
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<hw>Pop"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>populus</ets> people. See <er>People</er>.]</ety> <def>Populous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Populate</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Populated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Populating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To furnish with inhabitants, either by natural increase or by immigration or colonization; to cause to be inhabited; to people.</def>

<h1>Populate</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop"u*late</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To propagate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Great shoals of people which go on to <b>populate</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Population</h1>
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<hw>Pop`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>populatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>population</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of populating; multiplication of inhabitants.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The whole number of people, or inhabitants, in a country, or portion of a country; <as>as, a <ex>population</ex> of ten millions</as>.</def>

<h1>Populator</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who populates.</def>

<h1>Populicide</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop"u*li*cide`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>populus</ets> people + <ets>caedere</ets> to kill.]</ety> <def>Slaughter of the people.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Populin</h1>
<Xpage=1114>

<hw>Pop"u*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>populus</ets> poplar: cf. F. <ets>populine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glycoside, related to salicin, found in the bark of certain species of the poplar (<spn>Populus</spn>), and extracted as a sweet white crystalline substance.</def>

<hr>
<page="1115">
Page 1115<p>

<h1>Populosity</h1>
<Xpage=1115>

<hw>Pop`u*los"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>populositas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>populosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Populousness.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Populous</h1>
<Xpage=1115>

<hw>Pop"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>populosus</ets>, fr. <ets>populus</ets> people: cf. F. <ets>populeux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abounding in people; full of inhabitants; containing many inhabitants in proportion to the extent of the country.</def>

<blockquote>Heaven, yet <b>populous</b>, retains
Number sufficient to possess her realms.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Popular; famous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Webster.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Common; vulgar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Arden of Feversham.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Numerous; in large number.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The dust . . . raised by your <i>populous</i> troops."

<i>Shak.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pop"u*lous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pop"u*lous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Poraille</h1>
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<hw>Po*raille"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pouraille</ets>. See <er>Poor</er>.]</ety> <def>Poor people; the poor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Porbeagle</h1>
<Xpage=1115>

<hw>Por"bea`gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of shark (<spn>Lamna cornubica</spn>), about eight feet long, having a pointed nose and a crescent-shaped tail; -- called also <altname>mackerel shark</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written <asp>also probeagle</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Porcate</h1>
<Xpage=1115>

<hw>Por"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>porca</ets> a ridge between two furrows.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having grooves or furrows broader than the intervening ridges; furrowed.</def>

<h1>Porcelain</h1>
<Xpage=1115>

<hw>Por"ce*lain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Purslain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Porcelain</h1>
<Xpage=1115>

<hw>Por"ce*lain</hw> <tt>(277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>porcelaine</ets>, It. <ets>porcellana</ets>, orig., the porcelain shell, or Venus shell (<ets>Cypr\'91a porcellana</ets>), from a dim. fr. L. <ets>porcus</ets> pig, probably from the resemblance of the shell in shape to a pig's back. Porcelain was called after this shell, either on account of its smoothness and whiteness, or because it was believed to be made from it. See <er>Pork</er>.]</ety> <def>A fine translucent or semitransculent kind of earthenware, made first in China and Japan, but now also in Europe and America; -- called also <altname>China</altname>, or <altname>China ware</altname>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Porcelain</b>, by being pure, is apt to break.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ivory porcelain</col>, <cd>porcelain with a surface like ivory, produced by depolishing. See <er>Depolishing</er>.</cd> -- <col>Porcelain clay</col>. <cd>See under <er>Clay</er>.</cd> -- <col>Porcelain crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any crab of the genus <spn>Porcellana</spn> and allied genera (family <spn>Porcellanid\'91</spn>). They have a smooth, polished carapace.</cd> -- <col>Porcelain jasper</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Porcelanite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Porcelain printing</col>, <cd>the transferring of an impression of an engraving to porcelain.</cd> -- <col>Porcelain shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a cowry.</cd></cs>

<h1>Porcelainized</h1>
<Xpage=1115>

<hw>Por"ce*lain*ized</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Baked like potter's lay; -- applied to clay shales that have been converted by heat into a substance resembling porcelain.</def>

<h1>Porcelaneous, Porcellaneous</h1>
<Xpage=1115>

<hw><hw>Por`ce*la"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Por`cel*la"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to porcelain; resembling porcelain; <as>as, <ex>porcelaneous</ex> shells</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a smooth, compact shell without pores; -- said of certain Foraminifera.</def>

<h1>Porcelanite</h1>
<Xpage=1115>

<hw>Por"ce*la*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>porcelanite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A semivitrified clay or shale, somewhat resembling jasper; -- called also <altname>porcelain jasper</altname>.</def>

<h1>Porcelanous, Porcellanous</h1>
<Xpage=1115>

<hw><hw>Por"ce*la`nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Por"cel*la`nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Porcelaneous.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Porch</h1>
<Xpage=1115>

<hw>Porch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>porche</ets>, L. <ets>porticus</ets>, fr. <ets>porta</ets> a gate, entrance, or passage. See <er>Port</er> a gate, and cf. <er>Portico</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A covered and inclosed entrance to a building, whether taken from the interior, and forming a sort of vestibule within the main wall, or projecting without and with a separate roof. Sometimes the porch is large enough to serve as a covered walk. See also <cref>Carriage porch</cref>, under <er>Carriage</er>, and <er>Loggia</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The graceless Helen in the <b>porch</b> I spied
Of Vesta's temple.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A portico; a covered walk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Repair to Pompey's <b>porch</b>, where you shall find find us.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>The Porch</col>, <cd>a public portico, or great hall, in Athens, where Zeno, the philosopher, taught his disciples; hence, sometimes used as equivalent to <i>the school of the Stoics<i>. It was called <grk>"h poiki`lh stoa`</grk>. [See <er>Poicile</er>.]</cd></cs>

<h1>Porcine</h1>
<Xpage=1115>

<hw>Por"cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>porcinus</ets>, from <ets>porcus</ets> a swine. See <er>Pork</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to swine; characteristic of the hog.</def> "<i>Porcine</i> cheeks."

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Porcupine</h1>
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<hw>Por"cu*pine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>porkepyn</ets>, <ets>porpentine</ets>, OF. <ets>porc-espi</ets>, F. <ets>porc-\'82pic</ets> (cf. It. <ets>porco spino</ets>, <ets>porco spinoso</ets>, Sp. <ets>puerco espino</ets>, <ets>puerco espin</ets>, fr. L. <ets>porcus</ets> swine + <ets>spina</ets> thorn, spine). The last part of the French word is perhaps a corruption from the It. or Sp.; cf. F. <ets>\'82pi</ets> ear, a spike of grain, L. <ets>spica</ets>. See <er>Pork</er>, <er>Spike</er> a large nail, <er>Spine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any Old Word rodent of the genus <spn>Hystrix</spn>, having the back covered with long, sharp, erectile spines or quills, sometimes a foot long. The common species of Europe and Asia (<spn>Hystrix cristata</spn>) is the best known.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of <spn>Erethizon</spn> and related genera, native of America. They are related to the true porcupines, but have shorter spines, and are arboreal in their habits. The Canada porcupine (<spn>Erethizon dorsatus</spn>) is a well known species.</def>

<cs><col>Porcupine ant-eater</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the echidna.</cd> -- <col>Porcupine crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large spiny Japanese crab (<spn>Acantholithodes hystrix</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Porcupine disease</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Ichthyosis</er>.</cd> -- <col>Porcupine fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any plectognath fish having the body covered with spines which become erect when the body is inflated. See <er>Diodon</er>, and <er>Globefish</er>.</cd> -- <col>Porcupine grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a grass (<spn>Stipa spartea</spn>) with grains bearing a stout twisted awn, which, by coiling and uncoiling through changes in moisture, propels the sharp-pointed and barbellate grain into the wool and flesh of sheep. It is found from Illinois westward. See <i>Illustration<i> in Appendix.</cd> -- <col>Porcupine wood</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the hard outer wood of the cocoa palm; -- so called because, when cut horizontally, the markings of the wood resemble the quills of a porcupine.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pore</h1>
<Xpage=1115>

<hw>Pore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>porus</ets>, Gr. <?/ a passage, a pore. See <er>Fare</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the minute orifices in an animal or vegetable membrane, for transpiration, absorption, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A minute opening or passageway; an interstice between the constituent particles or molecules of a body; <as>as, the <ex>pores</ex> of stones</as>.</def>

<h1>Pore</h1>
<Xpage=1115>

<hw>Pore</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pored</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Poring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>poren</ets>, of uncertain origin; cf. D. <ets>porren</ets> to poke, thrust, Gael. <ets>purr</ets>.]</ety> <def>To look or gaze steadily in reading or studying; to fix the attention; to be absorbed; -- often with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>, and now usually with <i>over</i>.</def>"Painfully to <i>pore</i> upon a book."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The eye grows weary with <b>poring</b> perpetually on the same thing.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Poreblind</h1>
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<hw>Pore"blind`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Probably influenced by <ets>pore</ets>, v. See <er>Purblind</er>.]</ety> <def>Nearsighted; shortsighted; purblind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Porer</h1>
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<hw>Por"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pores.</def>

<h1>Porgy</h1>
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<hw>Por"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Porgies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Paugie</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The scup.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The sailor's choice, or pinfish.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The margate fish.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The spadefish.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Any one of several species of embiotocoids, or surf fishes, of the Pacific coast. The name is also given locally to several other fishes, as the bur fish.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>porgee</asp>, <asp>porgie</asp>, and <asp>paugy</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Porifera</h1>
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<hw>Po*rif"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>porus</ets> pore + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A grand division of the Invertebrata, including the sponges; -- called also <spn>Spongi\'91</spn>, <spn>Spongida</spn>, and <spn>Spongiozoa</spn>. The principal divisions are Calcispongi\'91, Keratosa or Fibrospongi\'91, and Silicea.</def>

<h1>Poriferan</h1>
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<hw>Po*rif"er*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Polifera.</def>

<h1>Poriferata</h1>
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<hw>Po*rif`e*ra"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>The Polifera.</def>

<h1>Poriform</h1>
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<hw>Po"ri*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>porus</ets> pore + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>poriforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling a pore, or small puncture.</def>

<h1>Porime</h1>
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<hw>Po"rime</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ practicable.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A theorem or proposition so easy of demonstration as to be almost self-evident.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Poriness</h1>
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<hw>Por"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Porosity.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Porism</h1>
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<hw>Po"rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a thing procured, a deduction from a demonstration, fr. <?/ to bring, provide: cf. F. <ets>porisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A proposition affirming the possibility of finding such conditions as will render a certain determinate problem indeterminate or capable of innumerable solutions.</def>

<i>Playfair.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gr. Geom.)</fld> <def>A corollary.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<note>&hand; Three books of <i>porisms</i> of Euclid have been lost, but several attempts to determine the nature of these propositions and to restore them have been made by modern geometers.</note>

<h1>Porismatic, Porismatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Po`ris*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Po`ris*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a porism; poristic.</def>

<h1>Poristic, Poristical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Po*ris"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Po*ris"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt><ety>[Gr. <?/ for providing, <?/ provided.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a porism; of the nature of a porism.</def>

<h1>Porite</h1>
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<hw>Po"rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>porite</ets>. See <er>Pore</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any coral of the genus Porites, or family <spn>Poritid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Porites</h1>
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<hw>Po*ri"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a pore.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An important genus of reef-building corals having small twelve-rayed calicles, and a very porous coral. Some species are branched, others grow in large massive or globular forms.</def>

<h1>Pork</h1>
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<hw>Pork</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>porc</ets>, L. <ets>porcus</ets> hog, pig. See <er>Farrow</er> a litter of pigs, and cf. <er>Porcelain</er>, <er>Porpoise</er>.]</ety> <def>The flesh of swine, fresh or salted, used for food.</def>

<h1>Porker</h1>
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<hw>Pork"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hog.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Porket</h1>
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<hw>Pork"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of F. <ets>porc</ets>. See <er>Pork</er>.]</ety> <def>A young hog; a pig.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden. W. Howitt.</i>

<h1>Porkling</h1>
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<hw>Pork"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pig; a porket.</def>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Porkwood</h1>
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<hw>Pork"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The coarse-grained brownish yellow wood of a small tree (<spn>Pisonia obtusata</spn>) of Florida and the West Indies. Also called <altname>pigeon wood</altname>, <altname>beefwood</altname>, and <altname>corkwood</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pornerastic</h1>
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<hw>Por`ne*ras"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ harlot + <?/ to love.]</ety> <def>Lascivious; licentious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>F. Harrison.</i>

<h1>Pornographic</h1>
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<hw>Por`no*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to pornography; lascivious; licentious; <as>as, <ex>pornographic</ex> writing</as>.</def>

<h1>Pornography</h1>
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<hw>Por*nog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a harlot + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Licentious painting or literature; especially, the painting anciently employed to decorate the walls of rooms devoted to bacchanalian orgies.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A treatise on prostitutes, or prostitution.</def>

<h1>Porosity</h1>
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<hw>Po*ros"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>porosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being porous; -- opposed to <i>density</i>.</def>

<h1>Porotic</h1>
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<hw>Po*rot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ callus.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine supposed to promote the formation of callus.</def>

<h1>Porous</h1>
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<hw>Por"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>poreux</ets>. See <er>Pore</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <def>Full of pores; having interstices in the skin or in the substance of the body; having spiracles or passages for fluids; permeable by liquids; <as>as, a <ex>porous</ex> skin; <ex>porous</ex> wood.</as></def> "The veins of <i>porous</i> earth."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Porously</h1>
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<hw>Por"ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a porous manner.</def>

<h1>Porousness</h1>
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<hw>Por"ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being porous.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The open parts; the interstices of anything.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>They will forcibly get into the <b>porousness</b> of it.
<i>Sir K. Digby.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Porpentine</h1>
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<hw>Por"pen*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Porcupine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Porpesse</h1>
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<hw>Por"pesse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A porpoise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Porphyraceous</h1>
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<hw>Por`phy*ra"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Porphyritic.</def>

<h1>Porphyre</h1>
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<hw>Por"phyre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Porphyry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Porphyrite</h1>
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<hw>Por"phy*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A rock with a porphyritic structure; <as>as, augite <ex>porphyrite</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Porphyritic</h1>
<Xpage=1115>

<hw>Por`phy*rit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>porphyritique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or resembling, porphyry, that is, characterized by the presence of distinct crystals, as of feldspar, quartz, or augite, in a relatively fine-grained base, often aphanitic or cryptocrystalline.</def>

<h1>Porphyrization</h1>
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<hw>Por`phy*ri*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of porphyrizing, or the state of being porphyrized.</def>

<h1>Porphyrize</h1>
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<hw>Por`phy*rize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>porphyriser</ets>, Gr. <?/ to purplish.]</ety> <def>To cause to resemble porphyry; to make spotted in composition, like porphyry.</def>

<h1>Porphyrogenitism</h1>
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<hw>Por`phy*ro*gen"i*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>porphyro genitus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ purple + root of <?/ to be born.]</ety> <def>The principle of succession in royal families, especially among the Eastern Roman emperors, by which a younger son, if born after the accession of his father to the throne, was preferred to an elder son who was not so born.</def>

<i>Sir T. Palgrave.</i>

<h1>Porphyry</h1>
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<hw>Por"phy*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Porphyries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>porphyre</ets>, L. <ets>porphyrites</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ like purple, fr. <?/ purple. See <er>Purple</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A term used somewhat loosely to designate a rock consisting of a fine-grained base (usually feldspathic) through which crystals, as of feldspar or quartz, are disseminated. There are red, purple, and green varieties, which are highly esteemed as marbles.</def>

<cs><col>Porphyry shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a handsome marine gastropod shell (<spn>Oliva porphyria</spn>), having a dark red or brown polished surface, marked with light spots, like porphyry.</cd></cs>

<h1>Porpita</h1>
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<hw>Por"pi*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ brooch.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of bright-colored Siphonophora found floating in the warmer parts of the ocean. The individuals are round and disk-shaped, with a large zooid in the center of the under side, surrounded by smaller nutritive and reproductive zooids, and by slender dactylozooids near the margin. The disk contains a central float, or pneumatocyst.</def>

<h1>Porpoise</h1>
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<hw>Por"poise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>porpeys</ets>, OF. <ets>porpeis</ets>, literally, hog fish, from L. <ets>porcus</ets> swine + <ets>piscis</ets> fish. See <er>Pork</er>, and <er>Fish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any small cetacean of the genus <spn>Phoc\'91na</spn>, especially <spn>P. communis</spn>, or <spn>P. phoc\'91na</spn>, of Europe, and the closely allied American species (<spn>P. Americana</spn>). The color is dusky or blackish above, paler beneath. They are closely allied to the dolphins, but have a shorter snout. Called also <altname>harbor porpoise</altname>, <altname>herring hag</altname>, <altname>puffing pig</altname>, and <altname>snuffer</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A true dolphin (<spn>Delphinus</spn>); -- often so called by sailors.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Skunk porpoise</col>, &or; <col>Bay porpoise</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a North American porpoise (<spn>Lagenorhynchus acutus</spn>), larger than the common species, and with broad stripes of white and yellow on the sides. See <i>Illustration<i> in Appendix.</cd></cs>

<h1>Porporino</h1>
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<hw>Por`po*ri"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A composition of quicksilver, tin, and sulphur, forming a yellow powder, sometimes used by medi\'91val artists, for the sake of economy, instead of gold.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Porpus</h1>
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<hw>Por"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A porpoise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Porraceous</h1>
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<hw>Por*ra"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>porraceus</ets>, from <ets>porrum</ets>, <ets>porrus</ets>, a leek.]</ety> <def>Resembling the leek in color; greenish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Porraceous</i> vomiting."

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Porrect</h1>
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<hw>Por*rect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>porrectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>porrigere</ets> to stretch out before one's self, to but forth.]</ety> <def>Extended horizontally; stretched out.</def>

<h1>Porrection</h1>
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<hw>Por*rec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>porrectio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>porrection</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of stretching forth.</def>

<h1>Porret</h1>
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<hw>Por"ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>porrette</ets>, fr. L. <ets>porrum</ets>, <ets>porrus</ets>, leek. See <er>Porraceous</er>.]</ety> <def>A scallion; a leek or small onion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Porridge</h1>
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<hw>Por"ridge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Probably corrupted fr. <ets>pottage</ets>; perh. influenced by OE. <ets>porree</ets> a kind of pottage, OF. <ets>porr\'82e</ets>, fr. L. <ets>porrum</ets>, <ets>porrus</ets>, leek. See <er>Pottage</er>, and cf. <er>Porringer</er>.]</ety> <def>A food made by boiling some leguminous or farinaceous substance, or the meal of it, in water or in milk, making of broth or thin pudding; <as>as, barley <ex>porridge</ex>, milk <ex>porridge</ex>, bean <ex>porridge</ex>, etc</as>.</def>

<h1>Porringer</h1>
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<hw>Por"rin*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pottanger</ets>, for <ets>pottager</ets>; cf. F. <ets>potager</ets> a soup basin. See <er>Porridge</er>.]</ety> <def>A porridge dish; esp., a bowl or cup from which children eat or are fed; <as>as, a silver <ex>porringer</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<h1>Port</h1>
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<hw>Port</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Oporto</ets>, in Portugal, i. e., <ets><?/ porto</ets> the port, L. <ets>portus</ets>. See <er>Port</er> harbor.]</ety> <def>A dark red or purple astringent wine made in Portugal. It contains a large percentage of alcohol.</def>

<h1>Port</h1>
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<hw>Port</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>port</ets>, L. <ets>portus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>port</ets>. See <er>Farm</er>, <tt>v.<tt>, <er>Ford</er>, and 1st, 3d, & 4h <er>Port</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place where ships may ride secure from storms; a sheltered inlet, bay, or cove; a harbor; a haven. Used also figuratively.</def>

<hr>
<page="1116">
Page 1116<p>

<blockquote>Peering in maps for <b>ports</b> and piers and roads.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We are in <b>port</b> if we have Thee.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In law and commercial usage, a harbor where vessels are admitted to discharge and receive cargoes, from whence they depart and where they finish their voyages.</def>

<cs><col>Free port</col>. <cd>See under <er>Free</er>.</cd> -- <col>Port bar</col>. <fld>(Naut,)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A boom</cd>. See <er>Boom</er>, 4, also <er>Bar</er>, 3. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A bar, as of sand, at the mouth of, or in, a port.</cd> -- <col>Port charges</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>charges, as wharfage, etc., to which a ship or its cargo is subjected in a harbor.</cd> -- <col>Port of entry</col>, <cd>a harbor where a customhouse is established for the legal entry of merchandise.</cd> -- <col>Port toll</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a payment made for the privilege of bringing goods into port.</cd> -- <col>Port warden</col>, <cd>the officer in charge of a port; a harbor master.</cd></cs>

<h1>Port</h1>
<Xpage=1116>

<hw>Port</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>porte</ets>, L. <ets>porta</ets>, akin to <ets>portus</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>porte</ets>, fr. L. <ets>porta</ets>. See <er>Port</er> a harbor, and cf. <er>Porte</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A passageway; an opening or entrance to an inclosed place; a gate; a door; a portal.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Him I accuse
The city <b>ports</b> by this hath entered.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Form their ivory <b>port</b> the cherubim
Forth issuing.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An opening in the side of a vessel; an embrasure through which cannon may be discharged; a porthole; also, the shutters which close such an opening.</def>

<blockquote>Her <b>ports</b> being within sixteen inches of the water.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A passageway in a machine, through which a fluid, as steam, water, etc., may pass, as from a valve to the interior of the cylinder of a steam engine; an opening in a valve seat, or valve face.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Air port</col>, <col>Bridle port</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Air</er>, <er>Bridle</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Port bar</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a bar to secure the ports of a ship in a gale.</cd> -- <col>Port lid</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a lid or hanging for closing the portholes of a vessel.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Steam port</col>, &and; <col>Exhaust port</col></mcol> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>the ports of the cylinder communicating with the valve or valves, for the entrance or exit of the steam, respectively.</cd></cs>

<h1>Port</h1>
<Xpage=1116>

<hw>Port</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ported</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Porting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>porter</ets>, L. <ets>portare</ets> to carry. See <er>Port</er> demeanor.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To carry; to bear; to transport.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They are easily <b>ported</b> by boat into other shires.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To throw, as a musket, diagonally across the body, with the lock in front, the right hand grasping the small of the stock, and the barrel sloping upward and crossing the point of the left shoulder; <as>as, to <ex>port</ex> arms</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Began to hem him round with <b>ported</b> spears.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Port arms</col>, <cd>a position in the manual of arms, executed as above.</cd></cs>

<h1>Port</h1>
<Xpage=1116>

<hw>Port</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>port</ets>, fr. <ets>porter</ets> to carry, L. <ets>portare</ets>, prob. akin to E. <ets>fare</ets>, v. See <er>Port</er> harbor, and cf. <er>Comport</er>, <er>Export</er>, <er>Sport</er>.]</ety> <def>The manner in which a person bears himself; deportment; carriage; bearing; demeanor; hence, manner or style of living; <as>as, a proud <ex>port</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>And of his <b>port</b> as meek as is a maid.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The necessities of pomp, grandeur, and a suitable <b>port</b> in the world.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Port</h1>
<Xpage=1116>

<hw>Port</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymology uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The larboard or left side of a ship (looking from the stern toward the bow); <as>as, a vessel heels to <ex>port</ex></as>. See <er>Note</er> under <er>Larboard</er>. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Port</h1>
<Xpage=1116>

<hw>Port</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To turn or put to the left or larboard side of a ship; -- said of the helm, and used chiefly in the imperative, as a command; <as>as, <ex>port</ex> your helm</as>.</def>

<h1>Porta</h1>
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<hw>Por"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Port\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a gate. See <er>Port</er> a hole.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The part of the liver or other organ where its vessels and nerves enter; the hilus.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The foramen of Monro.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Portability</h1>
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<hw>Port`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being portable; fitness to be carried.</def>

<h1>Portable</h1>
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<hw>Port"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>portabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>portare</ets> to carry: cf. F. <ets>portable</ets>. See <er>Port</er> demeanor.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being borne or carried; easily transported; conveyed without difficulty; <as>as, a <ex>portable</ex> bed, desk, engine</as>.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Possible to be endured; supportable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>How light and <b>portable</b> my pain seems now!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Portable forge</col>. <cd>See under <er>Forge</er>.</cd> -- <col>Portable steam engine</col>. <cd>See under <er>Steam engine</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Portableness</h1>
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<hw>Port"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being portable; portability.</def>

<h1>Portace</h1>
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<hw>Por"tace</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Portass</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Portage</h1>
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<hw>Port"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From 2d <er>Port</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A sailor's wages when in port.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The amount of a sailor's wages for a voyage.</def>

<h1>Portage</h1>
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<hw>Port"age</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[3d <er>Port</er>.]</ety> <def>A porthole.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Portage</h1>
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<hw>Por"tage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from <ets>porter</ets> to carry. See <er>Port</er> to carry.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of carrying or transporting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The price of carriage; porterage.</def>

<i>Bp. Fell.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Capacity for carrying; tonnage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hakluyt.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A carry between navigable waters. See 3d <er>Carry</er>.</def>

<h1>Portage</h1>
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<hw>Por"tage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To carry (goods, boats, etc.) overland between navigable waters.</def>

<h1>Portage group</h1>
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<hw>Por"tage group`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[So called from the township of <ets>Portage</ets> in New York.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A subdivision of the Chemung period in American geology. See <i>Chart</i> of <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Portague</h1>
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<hw>Por"ta*gue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Portuguese</er>.]</ety> <def>A Portuguese gold coin formerly current, and variously estimated to be worth from three and one half to four and one half pounds sterling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>portegue</asp> and <asp>portigue</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Ten thousand <b>portagues</b>, besides great pearls.
<i>Marlowe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Portal</h1>
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<hw>Por"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>portal</ets>, F. <ets>portail</ets>, LL. <ets>portale</ets>, fr. L. <ets>porta</ets> a gate. See <er>Port</er> a gate.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A door or gate; hence, a way of entrance or exit, especially one that is grand and imposing.</def>

<blockquote>Thick with sparkling orient gems
The <b>portal</b> shone.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>From out the fiery <b>portal</b> of the east.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The lesser gate, where there are two of different dimensions.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Formerly, a small square corner in a room separated from the rest of the apartment by wainscoting, forming a short passage to another apartment.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>By analogy with the French <i>portail</i>, used by recent writers for the whole architectural composition which surrounds and includes the doorways and porches of a church.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bridge Building)</fld> <def>The space, at one end, between opposite trusses when these are terminated by inclined braces.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A prayer book or breviary; a portass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><col>Portal bracing</col> <fld>(Bridge Building)</fld>, <cd>a combination of struts and ties which lie in the plane of the inclined braces at a portal, serving to transfer wind pressure from the upper parts of the trusses to an abutment or pier of the bridge.</cd></cs>

<h1>Portal</h1>
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<hw>Por"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a porta, especially the porta of the liver; <as>as, the <ex>portal</ex> vein, which enters the liver at the porta, and divides into capillaries after the manner of an artery</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Portal</i> is applied to other veins which break up into capillaries; as, the renal <i>portal</i> veins in the frog.</note>

<h1>Portamento</h1>
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<hw>Por`ta*men"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. <ets>portare</ets> to carry.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In singing, or in the use of the bow, a gradual carrying or lifting of the voice or sound very smoothly from one note to another; a gliding from tone to tone.</def>

<h1>Portance</h1>
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<hw>Por"tance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Port</er>, carriage, demeanor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser. Shak.</i>

<h1>Portass</h1>
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<hw>Por"tass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>porte-hors</ets> a kind of prayer book, so called from being portable; cf. LL. <ets>portiforium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A breviary; a prayer book.</def> <altsp>[Written variously <asp>portace</asp>, <asp>portasse</asp>, <asp>portesse</asp>, <asp>portise</asp>, <asp>porthose</asp>, <asp>portos</asp>, <asp>portus</asp>, <asp>portuse</asp>, etc.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser. Camden.</i>

<blockquote>By God and by this <b>porthors</b> I you swear.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Portate</h1>
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<hw>Por"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>portatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>portare</ets> to carry.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Borne not erect, but diagonally athwart an escutcheon; <as>as, a cross <ex>portate</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Portative</h1>
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<hw>Por"ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>portatif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Portable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Capable of holding up or carrying; <as>as, the <ex>portative</ex> force of a magnet, of atmospheric pressure, or of capillarity</as>.</def>

<h1>Portcluse</h1>
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<hw>Port"cluse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A portcullis.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Portcrayon</h1>
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<hw>Port`cray"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>porte-crayon</ets>; <ets>porter</ets> to carry + <ets>crayon</ets> a crayon.]</ety> <def>A metallic handle with a clasp for holding a crayon.</def>

<h1>Portcullis</h1>
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<hw>Port*cul"lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>porte coulisse</ets>, <ets>cole\'8bce</ets>, a sliding door, fr. L. <ets>colare</ets>, <ets>colatum</ets>, to filter, to strain: cf. F. <ets>couler</ets> to glide. See <er>Port</er> a gate, and cf. <er>Cullis</er>, <er>Colander</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A grating of iron or of timbers pointed with iron, hung over the gateway of a fortress, to be let down to prevent the entrance of an enemy.</def> "Let the <i>portcullis</i> fall."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<blockquote>She . . . the huge <b>portcullis</b> high updrew.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An English coin of the reign of Elizabeth, struck for the use of the East India Company; -- so called from its bearing the figure of a portcullis on the reverse.</def>

<h1>Portcullis</h1>
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<hw>Port*cul"lis</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Portcullised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Portcullising</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To obstruct with, or as with, a portcullis; to shut; to bar.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Porte</h1>
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<hw>Porte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>porte</ets> a gate, L. <ets>porta</ets>. See <er>Port</er> a gate.]</ety> <def>The Ottoman court; the government of the Turkish empire, officially called the <altname>Sublime Porte</altname>, from the gate (<i>port</i>) of the sultan's palace at which justice was administered.</def>

<h1>Porte-coch\'8are</h1>
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<hw>Porte"-co`ch\'8are"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Port</er> a gate, and <er>Coach</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A large doorway allowing vehicles to drive into or through a building. It is common to have the entrance door open upon the passage of the <i>porte-coch\'8are</i>. Also, a porch over a driveway before an entrance door.</def>

<h1>Ported</h1>
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<hw>Port"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having gates.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We took the sevenfold-<b>ported</b> Thebes.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Portegue</h1>
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<hw>Por"te*gue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Portague</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Portemonnaie</h1>
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<hw>Porte"mon*naie`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>porter</ets> to carry + <ets>monnaie</ets> money.]</ety> <def>A small pocketbook or wallet for carrying money.</def>

<h1>Por-tend</h1>
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<hw>Por-tend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Portended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Portending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>portendre</ets>, <ets>portentum</ets>, to foretell, to predict, to impend, from an old preposition used in comp. + <ets>tendere</ets> to stretch. See <er>Position</er>, <er>Tend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To indicate (events, misfortunes, etc.) as in future; to foreshow; to foretoken; to bode; -- now used esp. of unpropitious signs.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Many signs <b>portended</b> a dark and stormy day.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stretch out before.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Doomed to feel the great Idomeneus' <i>portended</i> steel."

<i>Pope.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To foreshow; foretoken; betoken; forebode; augur; presage; foreshadow; threaten.</syn>

<h1>Portension</h1>
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<hw>Por*ten"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of foreshowing; foreboding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Portent</h1>
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<hw>Por*tent"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>portentum</ets>. See <er>Portend</er>.]</ety> <def>That which portends, or foretoken; esp., that which portends evil; a sign of coming calamity; an omen; a sign.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>My loss by dire <b>portents</b> the god foretold.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Portentive</h1>
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<hw>Por*tent"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Presaging; foreshadowing.</def>

<h1>Portentous</h1>
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<hw>Por*tent"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>portentosus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of the nature of a portent; containing portents; foreschadowing, esp. foreschadowing ill; ominous.</def>

<blockquote>For, I believe, they are <b>portentous</b> things.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Victories of strange and almost <b>portentous</b> splendor.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Monstrous; prodigious; wonderful; dreadful; <as>as, a beast of <ex>portentous</ex> size</as>.</def>

<i>Roscommon.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Por*tent"ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Por*tent"ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Porter</h1>
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<hw>Por"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>portier</ets>, L. <ets>portarius</ets>, from <ets>porta</ets> a gate, door. See <er>Port</er> a gate.]</ety> <def>A man who has charge of a door or gate; a doorkeeper; one who waits at the door to receive messages.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>To him the <b>porter</b> openeth.
<i>John x. 3.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Porter</h1>
<Xpage=1116>

<hw>Por"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>porteur</ets>, fr. <ets>porter</ets> to carry, L. <ets>portare</ets>. See <er>Port</er> to carry.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A carrier; one who carries or conveys burdens, luggage, etc.; for hire.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Forging)</fld> <def>A bar of iron or steel at the end of which a forging is made; esp., a long, large bar, to the end of which a heavy forging is attached, and by means of which the forging is lifted and handled is hammering and heating; -- called also <altname>porter bar</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A malt liquor, of a dark color and moderately bitter taste, possessing tonic and intoxicating qualities.</def>

<note>&hand; Porter is said to be so called as having been first used chiefly by the London <i>porters</i>, and this application of the word is supposed to be not older than 1750.</note>

<h1>Porterage</h1>
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<hw>Por"ter*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The work of a porter; the occupation of a carrier or of a doorkeeper.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Money charged or paid for the carriage of burdens or parcels by a porter.</def>

<h1>Porteress</h1>
<Xpage=1116>

<hw>Por"ter*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Portress</er>.</def>

<h1>Porterhouse</h1>
<Xpage=1116>

<hw>Por"ter*house</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A house where porter is sold.</def>

<cs><col>Porterhouse steak</col>, <cd>a steak cut from a sirloin of beet, including the upper and under part.</cd></cs>

<h1>Portesse</h1>
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<hw>Por"tesse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Porteass</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tyndale.</i>

<h1>Portfire</h1>
<Xpage=1116>

<hw>Port"fire`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A case of strong paper filled with a composition of niter, sulphur, and mealed powder, -- used principally to ignite the priming in proving guns, and as an incendiary material in shells.</def>

<h1>Portfolio</h1>
<Xpage=1116>

<hw>Port*fol"io</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>portefeuille</ets>; <ets>porter</ets> to carry + <ets>feuille</ets> a leaf. See <er>Port</er> to carry, and <er>Folio</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A portable case for holding loose papers, prints, drawings, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: The office and functions of a minister of state or member of the cabinet; <as>as, to receive the <ex>portfolio</ex> of war; to resign the <ex>portfolio</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Portglave</h1>
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<hw>Port"glave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>porte-glaive</ets>; <ets>porter</ets> to carry + <ets>glaive</ets> a sword.]</ety> <def>A sword bearer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Portgreve, Portgrave</h1>
<Xpage=1116>

<hw><hw>Port"greve`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Port"grave`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw><ety>[AS. <ets>portger\'c7fa</ets>; <ets>port</ets> a harbor + <ets>ger\'c7fa</ets> a reeve or sheriff. See <er>Reeve</er> a steward, and cf. <er>Portreeve</er>.]</ety> <def>In old English law, the chief magistrate of a port or maritime town.; a portreeve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fabyan.</i>

<h1>Porthole</h1>
<Xpage=1116>

<hw>Port"hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An embrasure in a ship's side. See 3d <er>Port</er>.</def>

<h1>Porthook</h1>
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<hw>Port"hook`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of the iron hooks to which the port hinges are attached.</def>

<i>J. Knowles.</i>

<h1>Porthors</h1>
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<hw>Port"hors`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Portass</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Portico</h1>
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<hw>Por"ti*co</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Porticoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <i>or</i> <plw>Porticos</plw></plu>. <ety>[It., L. <ets>porticus</ets>. See <er>Porch</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A colonnade or covered ambulatory, especially in classical styles of architecture; usually, a colonnade at the entrance of a building.</def>

<h1>Porticoed</h1>
<Xpage=1116>

<hw>Por"ti*coed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with a portico.</def>

<h1>Porti\'8are</h1>
<Xpage=1116>

<hw>Por`ti\'8are""</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>porte</ets> gate, door. See <er>Port</er> a gate.]</ety> <def>A curtain hanging across a doorway.</def>

<h1>Portigue</h1>
<Xpage=1116>

<hw>Por"ti*gue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Portague</er>.</def>

<i> Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Portingal</h1>
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<hw>Por"tin*gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Portugal; Portuguese.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A Portuguese.</def></def2> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Portion</h1>
<Xpage=1116>

<hw>Por"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from L. <ets>portio</ets>, akin to <ets>pars</ets>, <ets>partis</ets>, a part. See <er>Part</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is divided off or separated, as a part from a whole; a separated part of anything.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A part considered by itself, though not actually cut off or separated from the whole.</def>

<blockquote>These are parts of his ways; but how little a <b>portion</b> is heard of him!
<i>Job xxvi. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Portions</b> and parcels of the dreadful past.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A part assigned; allotment; share; fate.</def>

<blockquote>The lord of that servant . . . will appoint him his <b>portion</b> with the unbelievers.
<i>Luke xii. 46.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Man's <b>portion</b> is to die and rise again.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The part of an estate given to a child or heir, or descending to him by law, and distributed to him in the settlement of the estate; an inheritance.</def>

<blockquote>Give me the <b>portion</b> of goods that falleth to me.
<i>Luke xv. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A wife's fortune; a dowry.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Division; share; parcel; quantity; allotment; dividend.</syn>  -- <usage><er>Portion</er>, <er>Part</er>. <i>Part</i> is generic, having a simple reference to some <i>whole</i>. <i>Portion</i> has the additional idea of such a division as bears reference to an individual, or is allotted to some object; <as>as, a <ex>portion</ex> of one's time; a <ex>portion</ex> of Scripture</as>.</usage>

<h1>Portion</h1>
<Xpage=1116>

<hw>Por"tion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Portioned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Portioning</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To separate or divide into portions or shares; to parcel; to distribute.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>portion</b> to his tribes the wide domain.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To endow with a portion or inheritance.</def>

<blockquote>Him <b>portioned</b> maids, apprenticed orphans, blest.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1117">
Page 1117<p>

<h1>Portioner</h1>
<Xpage=1117>

<hw>Por"tion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who portions.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>See <er>Portionist</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Portionist</h1>
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<hw>Por"tion*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A scholar at Merton College, Oxford, who has a certain academical allowance or portion; -- corrupted into <i>postmaster</i>.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One of the incumbents of a benefice which has two or more rectors or vicars.</def>

<h1>Portionless</h1>
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<hw>Por"tion*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no portion.</def>

<h1>Portise</h1>
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<hw>Por"tise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Portass</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Portland cement</h1>
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<hw>Port"land ce*ment"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A cement having the color of the Portland stone of England, made by calcining an artificial mixture of carbonate of lime and clay, or sometimes certain natural limestones or chalky clays. It contains a large proportion of clay, and hardens under water.</def>

<h1>Portland stone</h1>
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<hw>Port"land stone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A yellowish-white calcareous freestone from the Isle of Portland in England, much used in building.</def>

<h1>Portland vase</h1>
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<hw>Port"land vase`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A celebrated cinerary urn or vase found in the tomb of the Emperor Alexander Severus. It is owned by the Duke of Portland, and kept in the British Museum.</def>

<h1>Portlast</h1>
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<hw>Port"last</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The portoise. See <er>Portoise</er>.</def>

<h1>Portliness</h1>
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<hw>Port"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being portly; dignity of mien or of personal appearance; stateliness.</def>

<blockquote>Such pride is praise; such <b>portliness</b> is honor.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bulkiness; corpulence.</def>

<h1>Portly</h1>
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<hw>Port"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Port</er> demeanor.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a dignified port or mien; of a noble appearance; imposing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bulky; corpulent.</def> "A <i>portly</i> personage."

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Portman</h1>
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<hw>Port"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Portmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>An inhabitant or burgess of a port, esp. of one of the Cinque Ports.</def>

<h1>Portmanteau</h1>
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<hw>Port*man"teau</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Portmanteaus</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>porte-manteau</ets>; <ets>porter</ets> to carry + <ets>manteau</ets> a cloak, mantle. See <er>Port</er> to carry, and <er>Mantle</er>.]</ety> <def>A bag or case, usually of leather, for carrying wearing apparel, etc., on journeys.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Portmantle</h1>
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<hw>Port*man"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A portmanteau.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Portmote</h1>
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<hw>Port"mote`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>In old English law, a court, or mote, held in a port town.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Portoir</h1>
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<hw>Por"toir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF., fr. <ets>porter</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, bears; hence, one who, or that which, produces.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Branches . . . which were <b>portoirs</b>, and bare grapes.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Portoise</h1>
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<hw>Por"toise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perhaps fr. OF. <ets>porteis</ets> portative, portable.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The gunwale of a ship.</def>

<cs><col>To lower the yards a-portoise</col>, <cd>to lower them to the gunwale.</cd> -- <col>To ride a portoise</col>, <cd>to ride an anchor with the lower yards and topmasts struck or lowered, as in a gale of wind.</cd></cs>

<h1>Portos</h1>
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<hw>Por"tos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Portass</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Portpane</h1>
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<hw>Port"pane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>portare</ets> to carry + <ets>panis</ets> bread; prob. through French.]</ety> <def>A cloth for carrying bread, so as not to touch it with the hands.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Portrait</h1>
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<hw>Por"trait</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., originally p. p. of <ets>portraire</ets> to portray. See <er>Portray</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The likeness of a person, painted, drawn, or engraved; commonly, a representation of the human face painted from real life.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>portraits</b>, the grace, and, we may add, the likeness, consists more in the general air than in the exact similitude of every feature.
<i>Sir J. Reynolds.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The meaning of the word is sometimes extended so as to include a photographic likeness.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, any graphic or vivid delineation or description of a person; <as>as, a <ex>portrait</ex> in words</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Portrait bust</col>, &or; <col>Portrait statue</col></mcol>, <cd>a bust or statue representing the actual features or person of an individual; -- in distinction from an <i>ideal bust<i> or <i>statue<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Portrait</h1>
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<hw>Por"trait</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To portray; to draw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Portraitist</h1>
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<hw>Por"trait*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A portrait painter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hamerton.</i>

<h1>Portraiture</h1>
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<hw>Por"trai*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>portraiture</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A portrait; a likeness; a painted resemblance; hence, that which is copied from some example or model.</def>

<blockquote>For, by the image of my cause, I see
The <b>portraiture</b> of his.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Divinity maketh the love of ourselves the pattern; the love of our neighbors but the <b>portraiture</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pictures, collectively; painting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The art or practice of making portraits.</def>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Portraiture</h1>
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<hw>Por"trai*ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To represent by a portrait, or as by a portrait; to portray.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shaftesbury.</i>

<h1>Portray</h1>
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<hw>Por*tray"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pourtray</asp>.]</altsp> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>portrayed</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Portraying</er>.] <ety>[OE. <ets>pourtraien</ets>, OF. <ets>portraire</ets>, <ets>pourtraire</ets>, F. <ets>portraire</ets>, fr. L. <ets>protrahere</ets>, <ets>protractum</ets>, to draw or drag forth; <ets>pro</ets> forward, forth + <ets>trahere</ets> to draw. See <er>Trace</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Protract</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To paint or draw the likeness of; <as>as, to <ex>portray</ex> a king on horseback</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Take a tile, and lay it before thee, and <b>portray</b> upon it the city, even Jerusalem.
<i>Ezek. iv. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, figuratively, to describe in words.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To adorn with pictures.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Spear and helmets thronged, and shields
Various with boastful arguments <b>potrayed</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Portrayal</h1>
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<hw>Por*tray"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of portraying; description; delineation.</def>

<h1>Portrayer</h1>
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<hw>Por*tray"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who portrays.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Portreeve</h1>
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<hw>Port"reeve`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A port warden.</def>

<h1>Portress</h1>
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<hw>Por"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female porter.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Port-royalist</h1>
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<hw>Port-roy"al*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the dwellers in the Cistercian convent of Port Royal des Champs, near Paris, when it was the home of the Jansenists in the 17th century, among them being Arnauld, Pascal, and other famous scholars. Cf. <er>Jansenist</er>.</def>

<h1>Portsale</h1>
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<hw>Port"sale`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Port</ets> gate + <ets>sale</ets>.]</ety> <def>Public or open sale; auction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Portuary</h1>
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<hw>Por"tu*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Portass</er>.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A breviary.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Portuguese</h1>
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<hw>Por"tu*guese</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>portugais</ets>, Sp. <ets>portugues</ets>, Pg. <ets>portuguez</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Portugal, or its inhabitants.</def> -- <def2><tt>n. sing. & pl.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Portugal; people of Portugal.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Portuguese man-of-war</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Physalia</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Portulaca</h1>
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<hw>Por`tu*la"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., purslane.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of polypetalous plants; also, any plant of the genus.</def>

<note>&hand; <spn>Portulaca oleracea</spn> is the common purslane. <spn>P. grandiflora</spn> is a South American herb, widely cultivated for its showy crimson, scarlet, yellow, or white, ephemeral blossoms.</note>

<h1>Portulacaceous</h1>
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<hw>Por`tu*la*ca"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (<spn>Portulacace\'91</spn>), of which Portulaca is the type, and which includes also the spring beauty (<spn>Claytonia</spn>) and other genera.</def>

<h1>Porwigle</h1>
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<hw>Por"wi`gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Polliwig</er>.</def>

<h1>Pory</h1>
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<hw>Por"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Porous; <as>as, <ex>pory</ex> stone</as>. <mark>[R.]</mark> Dryden.</def>

<h1>Pos\'82</h1>
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<hw>Po`s\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., placed, posed.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Standing still, with all the feet on the ground; -- said of the attitude of a lion, horse, or other beast.</def>

<h1>Pose</h1>
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<hw>Pose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>gepose</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. W. <ets>pas</ets> a cough, Skr. <ets>k\'bes</ets> to cough, and E. <ets>wheeze</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cold in the head; catarrh.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pose</h1>
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<hw>Pose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pose</ets>, fr. <ets>poser</ets>. See <er>Pose</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>The attitude or position of a person; the position of the body or of any member of the body; especially, a position formally assumed for the sake of effect; an artificial position; <as>as, the <ex>pose</ex> of an actor; the <ex>pose</ex> of an artist's model or of a statue.</as></def>

<h1>Pose</h1>
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<hw>Pose</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Posed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Posing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>poser</ets> to place, to put, L. <ets>pausare</ets> to pause, in LL. also, to place, put, fr. L. <ets>pausa</ets> a pause, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to make to cease, prob. akin to E. <ets>few</ets>. In compounds, this word appears corresponding to L. <ets>ponere</ets> to put, place, the substitution in French having been probably due to confusion of this word with L. <ets>positio</ets> position, fr. <ets>ponere</ets>. See <er>Few</er>, and cf. <er>Appose</er>, <er>Dispose</er>, <er>Oppose</er>, <er>Pause</er>, <er>Repose</er>, <er>Position</er>.]</ety> <def>To place in an attitude or fixed position, for the sake of effect; to arrange the posture and drapery of (a person) in a studied manner; <as>as, to <ex>pose</ex> a model for a picture; to <ex>pose</ex> a sitter for a portrait.</as></def>

<h1>Pose</h1>
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<hw>Pose</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To assume and maintain a studied attitude, with studied arrangement of drapery; to strike an attitude; to attitudinize; figuratively, to assume or affect a certain character; <as>as, she <ex>poses</ex> as a prude</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . <b>posed</b> before her as a hero.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pose</h1>
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<hw>Pose</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Shortened from <ets>appose</ets>, for <ets>oppose</ets>. See 2d <er>Appose</er>, <er>Oppose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To interrogate; to question.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "She . . . <i>posed</i> him and sifted him."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To question with a view to puzzling; to embarrass by questioning or scrutiny; to bring to a stand.</def>

<blockquote>A question wherewith a learned Pharisee thought to <b>pose</b> and puzzle him.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Posed</h1>
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<hw>Posed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Firm; determined; fixed.</def> "A most <i>posed</i> . . . and grave behavior." <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Urquhart.</i>

<h1>Poser</h1>
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<hw>Pos"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, puzzles; a difficult or inexplicable question or fact.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Posied</h1>
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<hw>Po"sied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inscribed with a posy.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>poised</b> lockets bribe the fair.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Posingly</h1>
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<hw>Pos"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to pose or puzzle.</def>

<h1>Posit</h1>
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<hw>Pos"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Posited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Positing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>ponere</ets>, <ets>positum</ets>, to place. See <er>Position</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dispose or set firmly or fixedly; to place or dispose in relation to other objects.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>To assume as real or conceded; <as>as, to <ex>posit</ex> a principle</as>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Position</h1>
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<hw>Po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>position</ets>, L. <ets>positio</ets>, fr. <ets>ponere</ets>, <ets>positum</ets>, to put, place; prob. for <ets>posino</ets>, fr. an old preposition used only in comp. (akin to Gr. <?/) + <ets>sinere</ets> to leave, let, permit, place. See <er>Site</er>, and cf. <er>Composite</er>, <er>Compound</er>, <tt>v.<tt>, <er>Depone</er>, <er>Deposit</er>, <er>Expound</er>, <er>Impostor</er>, <er>Opposite</er>, <er>Propound</er>, <er>Pose</er>, <tt>v.<tt>, <er>Posit</er>, <er>Post</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being posited, or placed; the manner in which anything is placed; attitude; condition; <as>as, a firm, an inclined, or an upright <ex>position</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>We have different prospects of the same thing, according to our different <b>positions</b> to it.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The spot where a person or thing is placed or takes a place; site; place; station; situation; <as>as, the <ex>position</ex> of man in creation; the fleet changed its <ex>position</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: The ground which any one takes in an argument or controversy; the point of view from which any one proceeds to a discussion; also, a principle laid down as the basis of reasoning; a proposition; a thesis; <as>as, to define one's <ex>position</ex>; to appear in a false <ex>position</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Let not the proof of any <b>position</b> depend on the <b>positions</b> that follow, but always on those which go before.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Relative place or standing; social or official rank; <as>as, a person of <ex>position</ex>; hence, office; post; <as>as, to lose one's <ex>position</ex></as>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>A method of solving a problem by one or two suppositions; -- called also the <altname>rule of trial and error</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Angle of position</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the angle which any line (as that joining two stars) makes with another fixed line, specifically with a circle of declination.</cd> -- <col>Double position</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>the method of solving problems by proceeding with each of two assumed numbers, according to the conditions of the problem, and by comparing the difference of the results with those of the numbers, deducing the correction to be applied to one of them to obtain the true result.</cd> -- <col>Guns of position</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>heavy fieldpieces, not designed for quick movements.</cd> -- <col>Position finder</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a range finder. See under <er>Range</er>.</cd> -- <col>Position micrometer</col>, <cd>a micrometer applied to the tube of an astronomical telescope for measuring angles of position in the field of view.</cd> -- <col>Single position</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>the method of solving problems, in which the result obtained by operating with an assumed number is to the true result as the number assumed is to the number required.</cd> -- <col>Strategic position</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a position taken up by an army or a large detachment of troops for the purpose of checking or observing an opposing force.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Situation; station; place; condition; attitude; posture; proposition; assertion; thesis.</syn>

<h1>Position</h1>
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<hw>Po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To indicate the position of; to place.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Positional</h1>
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<hw>Po*si"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to position.</def>

<blockquote>Ascribing unto plants <b>positional</b> operations.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Positive</h1>
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<hw>Pos"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>positif</ets>, F. <ets>positif</ets>, L. <ets>positivus</ets>. See <er>Position</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a real position, existence, or energy; existing in fact; real; actual; -- opposed to <i>negative</i>.</def> "<i>Positive</i> good."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Derived from an object by itself; not dependent on changing circumstances or relations; absolute; -- opposed to <i>relative</i>; <as>as, the idea of beauty is not <ex>positive</ex>, but depends on the different tastes individuals</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Definitely laid down; explicitly stated; clearly expressed; -- opposed to <i>implied</i>; <as>as, a <ex>positive</ex> declaration or promise</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Positive</b> words, that he would not bear arms against King Edward's son.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Hence: Not admitting of any doubt, condition, qualification, or discretion; not dependent on circumstances or probabilities; not speculative; compelling assent or obedience; peremptory; indisputable; decisive; <as>as, <ex>positive</ex> instructions; <ex>positive</ex> truth; <ex>positive</ex> proof.</as></def> "'T is <i>positive</i> 'gainst all exceptions."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Prescribed by express enactment or institution; settled by arbitrary appointment; said of laws.</def>

<blockquote>In laws, that which is natural bindeth universally; that which is <b>positive</b>, not so.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Fully assured; confident; certain; sometimes, overconfident; dogmatic; overbearing; -- said of persons.</def>

<blockquote>Some <b>positive</b>, persisting fops we know,
That, if once wrong, will needs be always.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Having the power of direct action or influence; <as>as, a <ex>positive</ex> voice in legislation</as>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>Corresponding with the original in respect to the position of lights and shades, instead of having the lights and shades reversed; <as>as, a <ex>positive</ex> picture</as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Electro-positive.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Hence, basic; metallic; not acid; -- opposed to <i>negative</i>, and said of metals, bases, and basic radicals.</def>

<cs><col>Positive crystals</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>a doubly refracting crystal in which the index of refraction for the extraordinary ray is greater than for the ordinary ray, and the former is refracted nearer to the axis than the latter, as quartz and ice; -- opposed to <i>negative crystal<i>, or one in which this characteristic is reversed, as Iceland spar, tourmaline, etc.</cd> -- <col>Positive degree</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>that state of an adjective or adverb which denotes simple quality, without comparison or relation to increase or diminution; as, <i>wise<i>, <i>noble<i>.</cd> -- <col>Positive electricity</col> <fld>(Elec)</fld>, <cd>the kind of electricity which is developed when glass is rubbed with silk, or which appears at that pole of a voltaic battery attached to the plate that is not attacked by the exciting liquid; -- formerly called <altname>vitreous electricity</altname>; -- opposed to <ant>negative electricity</ant>.</cd> -- <col>Positive eyepiece</col>. <cd>See under <er>Eyepiece</er>.</cd> -- <col>Positive law</col>. <cd>See <cref>Municipal law</cref>, under <er>Law</er>.</cd> -- <col>Positive motion</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>motion which is derived from a driver through unyielding intermediate pieces, or by direct contact, and not through elastic connections, nor by means of friction, gravity, etc.; definite motion.</cd> -- <col>Positive philosophy</col>. <cd>See <er>Positivism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Positive pole</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <cd>The pole of a battery or pile which yields positive or vitreous electricity; -- opposed to <ant>negative pole</ant>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld> <cd>The north pole</cd>. <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <col>Positive quantity</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>an affirmative quantity, or one affected by the sign <i>plus<i> [+].</cd> -- <col>Positive rotation</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>left-handed rotation.</cd> -- <col>Positive sign</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the sign [+] denoting <i>plus<i>, or <i>more<i>, or addition.</cd></cs>

<h1>Positive</h1>
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<hw>Pos"i*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is capable of being affirmed; reality.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which settles by absolute appointment.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The positive degree or form.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A picture in which the lights and shades correspond in position with those of the original, instead of being reversed, as in a <i>negative</i>.</def>

<i>R. Hunt.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The positive plate of a voltaic or electrolytic cell.</def>

<h1>Positively</h1>
<Xpage=1117>

<hw>Pos"i*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a positive manner; absolutely; really; expressly; with certainty; indubitably; peremptorily; dogmatically; -- opposed to <i>negatively</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Good and evil which is removed may be esteemed good or evil comparatively, and <b>positively</b> simply.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Give me some breath, some little pause, my lord,
Before I <b>positively</b> speak herein.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I would ask . . . whether . . . the divine law does not <b>positively</b> require humility and meekness.
<i>Sprat.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Positively charged</col> &or; <col>electrified</col></mcol> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>having a charge of positive electricity; -- opposed to <ant>negatively electrified</ant>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Positiveness</h1>
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<hw>Pos"i*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being positive; reality; actualness; certainty; confidence; peremptoriness; dogmatism. See <er>Positive</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<blockquote><b>Positiveness</b>, pedantry, and ill manners.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>positiveness</b> of sins of commission lies both in the habitude of the will and in the executed act too; the <b>positiveness</b> of sins of omission is in the habitude of the will only.
<i>Norris.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Positivism</h1>
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<hw>Pos"i*tiv*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A system of philosophy originated by M. Auguste Comte, which deals only with <i>positives</i>. It excludes from philosophy everything but the natural phenomena or properties of knowable things, together with their invariable relations of coexistence and succession, as occurring in time and space. Such relations are denominated <i>laws</i>, which are to be discovered by observation, experiment, and comparison. This philosophy holds all inquiry into <i>causes</i>, both efficient and final, to be useless and unprofitable.</def>

<h1>Positivist</h1>
<Xpage=1117>

<hw>Pos"i*tiv*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A believer in positivism.</def> -- <def2><tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to positivism.</def></def2>

<h1>Positivity</h1>
<Xpage=1117>

<hw>Pos`i*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Positiveness.</def>

<i>J. Morley.</i>

<h1>Positure</h1>
<Xpage=1117>

<hw>Pos"i*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Posture</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Posnet</h1>
<Xpage=1117>

<hw>Pos"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>po\'87onet</ets>, dim. of <ets>po\'87on</ets> a pot, a vessel.]</ety> <def>A little basin; a porringer; a skillet.</def>

<h1>Posologic, Posological</h1>
<Xpage=1117>

<hw><hw>Pos`o*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pos`o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>posologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to posology.</def>

<h1>Posology</h1>
<Xpage=1117>

<hw>Po*sol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ how much + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>posologie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The science or doctrine of doses; dosology.</def>

<hr>
<page="1118">
Page 1118<p>

<h1>Pospolite</h1>
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<hw>Pos"po*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pol. <ets>pospolite ruszenie</ets> a general summons to arms, an arriere-ban; <ets>pospolity</ets> general + <ets>ruszenie</ets> a stirring.]</ety> <def>A kind of militia in Poland, consisting of the gentry, which, in case of invasion, was summoned to the defense of the country.</def>

<h1>Poss</h1>
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<hw>Poss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Push</er>.]</ety> <def>To push; to dash; to throw.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>A cat . . . <b>possed</b> them [the rats] about.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Posse</h1>
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<hw>Pos"se</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Posse comitatus</er>.</def>

<cs><col>In posse</col>. <cd>See <er>In posse</er> in the Vocabulary.</cd></cs>

<h1>Posse comitatus</h1>
<Xpage=1118>

<hw>Pos"se com`i*ta"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>posse</ets> to be able, to have power + LL. <ets>comitatus</ets> a county, from <ets>comes</ets>, <ets>comitis</ets>, a count. See <er>County</er>, and <er>Power</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The power of the county, or the citizens who may be summoned by the sheriff to assist the authorities in suppressing a riot, or executing any legal precept which is forcibly opposed.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collection of people; a throng; a rabble.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<note>&hand; The word <i>comitatus</i> is often omitted, and <i>posse</i> alone used. "A whole <i>posse</i> of enthusiasts."</note>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<blockquote>As if the passion that rules were the sheriff of the place, and came off with all the <b>posse</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Possess</h1>
<Xpage=1118>

<hw>Pos*sess"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Possessed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Possessing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>possessus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>possidere</ets> to have, possess, from an inseparable prep. (cf. <er>Position</er>) + <ets>sedere</ets> to sit. See <er>Sit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To occupy in person; to hold or actually have in one's own keeping; to have and to hold.</def>

<blockquote>Houses and fields and vineyards shall be <b>possessed</b> again in this land.
<i>Jer. xxxii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Yet beauty, though injurious, hath strange power,
After offense returning, to regain
Love once <b>possessed</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have the legal title to; to have a just right to; to be master of; to own; to have; <as>as, to <ex>possess</ex> property, an estate, a book</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I am yours, and all that I <b>possess</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To obtain occupation or possession of; to accomplish; to gain; to seize.</def>

<blockquote>How . . . to <b>possess</b> the purpose they desired.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To enter into and influence; to control the will of; to fill; to affect; -- said especially of evil spirits, passions, etc.</def> "Weakness <i>possesseth</i> me."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Those which were <b>possessed</b> with devils.
<i>Matt. iv. 24.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For ten inspired, ten thousand are <b>possessed</b>.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To put in possession; to make the owner or holder of property, power, knowledge, etc.; to acquaint; to inform; -- followed by <i>of</i> or <i>with</i> before the thing possessed, and now commonly used reflexively.</def>

<blockquote>I have <b>possessed</b> your grace of what I purpose.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Record a gift . . . of all he dies <b>possessed</b>
Unto his son.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We <b>possessed</b> our selves of the kingdom of Naples.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>possess</b> our minds with an habitual good intention.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To have; hold; occupy; control; own.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Possess</er>, <er>Have</er>. <i>Have</i> is the more general word. To <i>possess</i> denotes to <i>have as a property</i>. It usually implies more permanence or definiteness of control or ownership than is involved in <i>having</i>. A man does not <i>possess</i> his wife and children: they are (so to speak) part of himself. For the same reason, we <i>have</i> the faculties of reason, understanding, will, sound judgment, etc.: they are exercises of the mind, not <i>possessions</i>.</usage>

<h1>Possession</h1>
<Xpage=1118>

<hw>Pos*ses"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>possession</ets>, L. <ets>possessio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of possessing, or holding as one's own.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The having, holding, or detention of property in one's power or command; actual seizin or occupancy; ownership, whether rightful or wrongful.</def>

<note>&hand; Possession may be either actual or constructive; actual, when a party has the immediate occupancy; constructive, when he has only the right to such occupancy.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The thing possessed; that which any one occupies, owns, or controls; in the plural, property in the aggregate; wealth; dominion; <as>as, foreign <ex>possessions</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>When the young man heard that saying, he went away sorrowful, for he had great <b>possessions</b>.
<i>Matt. xix. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ananias, with Sapphira his wife, sold a <b>possession</b>.
<i>Acts v. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The house of Jacob shall possess their <b>possessions</b>.
<i>Ob. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The state of being possessed or controlled, as by an evil spirit, or violent passions; madness; frenzy; <as>as, demoniacal <ex>possession</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>How long hath this <b>possession</b> held the man?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To give possession</col>, <cd>to put in another's power or occupancy.</cd> -- <col>To put in possession</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To invest with ownership or occupancy; to provide or furnish with; as, <i>to put<i> one <i>in possession<i> of facts or information</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>To place one in charge of property recovered in ejectment or writ of entry.</cd> -- <col>To take possession</col>, <cd>to enter upon, or to bring within one's power or occupancy.</cd> -- <col>Writ of possession</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a precept directing a sheriff to put a person in peaceable possession of property recovered in ejectment or writ of entry.</cd></cs>

<h1>Possession</h1>
<Xpage=1118>

<hw>Pos*ses"sion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To invest with property.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Possessionary</h1>
<Xpage=1118>

<hw>Pos*ses"sion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to possession; arising from possession.</def>

<h1>Possessioner</h1>
<Xpage=1118>

<hw>Pos*ses"sion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A possessor; a property holder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Possessioners</i> of riches."

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<blockquote>Having been of old freemen and <b>possessioners</b>.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An invidious name for a member of any religious community endowed with property in lands, buildings, etc., as contrasted with mendicant friars.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Possessival</h1>
<Xpage=1118>

<hw>Pos`ses*si"val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the possessive case; <as>as, a <ex>possessival</ex> termination</as>.</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<h1>Possessive</h1>
<Xpage=1118>

<hw>Pos*sess"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>possessivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>possessif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to possession; having or indicating possession.</def>

<cs><col>Possessive case</col> <fld>(Eng. Gram.)</fld>, <cd>the genitive case; the case of nouns and pronouns which expresses ownership, origin, or some possessive relation of one thing to another; as, <i>Homer's<i> admirers; the <i>pear's<i> flavor; the <i>dog's<i> faithfulness.</cd> -- <col>Possessive pronoun</col>, <cd>a pronoun denoting ownership; as, <i>his<i> name; <i>her<i> home; <i>my<i> book.</cd></cs>

<h1>Possessive</h1>
<Xpage=1118>

<hw>Pos*sess"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The possessive case.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A possessive pronoun, or a word in the possessive case.</def>

<h1>Possessively</h1>
<Xpage=1118>

<hw>Pos*sess"ive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a possessive manner.</def>

<h1>Possessor</h1>
<Xpage=1118>

<hw>Pos*sess"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>possesseur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who possesses; one who occupies, holds, owns, or controls; one who has actual participation or enjoyment, generally of that which is desirable; a proprietor.</def> "<i>Possessors</i> of eternal glory."

<i>Law.</i>

<blockquote>As if he had been <b>possessor</b> of the whole world.
<i>Sharp.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Owner; proprietor; master; holder; occupant.</syn>

<h1>Possessory</h1>
<Xpage=1118>

<hw>Pos*sess"o*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>possessorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>possessoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to possession, either as a fact or a right; of the nature of possession; <as>as, a <ex>possessory</ex> interest; a <ex>possessory</ex> lord.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Possessory action</col> &or; <col>suit</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an action to regain or obtain possession of something. See under <er>Petitory</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Posset</h1>
<Xpage=1118>

<hw>Pos"set</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[W. <ets>posel</ets> curdled milk, posset.]</ety> <def>A beverage composed of hot milk curdled by some strong infusion, as by wine, etc., -- much in favor formerly.</def> "I have drugged their <i>posset</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Posset</h1>
<Xpage=1118>

<hw>Pos"set</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Posseted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Posseting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To curdle; to turn, as milk; to coagulate; <as>as, to <ex>posset</ex> the blood</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To treat with possets; to pamper.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "She was cosseted and <i>posseted</i>."

<i>O. W. Holmes.</i>

<h1>Possibility</h1>
<Xpage=1118>

<hw>Pos`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Possibilities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>possibilit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>possibilitas</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being possible; the power of happening, being, or existing.</def> "All <i>possibility</i> of error." <i>Hooker</i>. "Latent <i>possibilities</i> of excellence."

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is possible; a contingency; a thing or event that may not happen; a contingent interest, as in real or personal estate.</def>

<i>South. Burrill.</i>

<h1>Possible</h1>
<Xpage=1118>

<hw>Pos"si*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>possibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>posse</ets> to be able, to have power; <ets>potis</ets> able, capable + <ets>esse</ets> to be. See <er>Potent</er>, <er>Am</er>, and cf. <er>Host</er> a landlord.]</ety> <def>Capable of existing or occurring, or of being conceived or thought of; able to happen; capable of being done; not contrary to the nature of things; -- sometimes used to express extreme improbability; barely able to be, or to come to pass; <as>as, possibly he is honest, as it is <ex>possible</ex> that Judas meant no wrong</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With God all things are <b>possible</b>.
<i>Matt. xix. 26.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Practicable; likely. See <er>Practicable</er>.</syn>

<h1>Possibly</h1>
<Xpage=1118>

<hw>Pos"si*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a possible manner; by possible means; especially, by extreme, remote, or improbable intervention, change, or exercise of power; by a chance; perhaps; <as>as, <ex>possibly</ex> he may recover</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Can we . . . <b>possibly</b> his love desert?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When <b>possibly</b> I can, I will return.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Possum</h1>
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<hw>Pos"sum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Shortened from <ets>opossum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An opossum.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<cs><mcol><col>To play possum</col>, <col>To act possum</col></mcol>, <cd>to feign ignorance, indifference or inattention, with the intent to deceive; to dissemble; -- in allusion to the habit of the opossum, which feigns death when attacked or alarmed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Post-</h1>
<Xpage=1118>

<hw>Post-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>post</ets> behind, after; cf. Skr. <ets>pa\'87c\'be</ets>behind, afterwards.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying <i>behind</i>, <i>back</i>, <i>after</i>; <as>as, <ex>post</ex>commissure, <ex>post</ex>dot, <ex>post</ex>script</as>.</def>

<h1>Post</h1>
<Xpage=1118>

<hw>Post</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aposter</ets> to place in a post or position, generally for a bad purpose.]</ety> <def>Hired to do what is wrong; suborned.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir E. Sandys.</i>

<h1>Post</h1>
<Xpage=1118>

<hw>Post</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS., fr. L. <ets>postis</ets>, akin to <ets>ponere</ets>, <ets>positum</ets>, to place. See <er>Position</er>, and cf. 4th <er>Post</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of timber, metal, or other solid substance, fixed, or to be fixed, firmly in an upright position, especially when intended as a stay or support to something else; a pillar; <as>as, a hitching <ex>post</ex>; a fence <ex>post</ex>; the <ex>posts</ex> of a house.</as></def>

<blockquote>They shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side <b>posts</b> and on the upper doorpost of the houses.
<i>Ex. xii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Then by main force pulled up, and on his shoulders bore,
The gates of Azza, <b>post</b> and massy bar.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Unto his order he was a noble <b>post</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Post</i>, in the sense of an upright timber or strut, is used in composition, in such words as king-<i>post</i>, queen-<i>post</i>, crown-<i>post</i>, gate<i>post</i>, etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The doorpost of a victualer's shop or inn, on which were chalked the scores of customers; hence, a score; a debt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When God sends coin
I will discharge your <b>post</b>.
<i>S. Rowlands.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>From pillar to post</col>. <cd>See under <er>Pillar</er>.</cd> -- <col>Knight of the post</col>. <cd>See under <er>Knight</er>.</cd> -- <col>Post hanger</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a bearing for a revolving shaft, adapted to be fastened to a post.</cd> -- <col>Post hole</col>, <cd>a hole in the ground to set the foot of a post in.</cd> -- <col>Post mill</col>, <cd>a form of windmill so constructed that the whole fabric rests on a vertical axis firmly fastened to the ground, and capable of being turned as the direction of the wind varies.</cd> -- <col>Post and stall</col> <fld>(Coal Mining)</fld>, <cd>a mode of working in which pillars of coal are left to support the roof of the mine.</cd></cs>

<h1>Post</h1>
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<hw>Post</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>poste</ets>, LL. <ets>posta</ets> station, post (where horses were kept), properly, a fixed or set place, fem. fr. L. <ets>positus</ets> placed, p. p. of <ets>ponere</ets>. See <er>Position</er>, and cf. <er>Post</er> a pillar.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The place at which anything is stopped, placed, or fixed; a station.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A station, or one of a series of stations, established for the refreshment and accommodation of travelers on some recognized route; <as>as, a stage or railway <ex>post</ex></as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A military station; the place at which a soldier or a body of troops is stationed; also, the troops at such a station</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The piece of ground to which a sentinel's walk is limited.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A messenger who goes from station; an express; especially, one who is employed by the government to carry letters and parcels regularly from one place to another; a letter carrier; a postman.</def>

<blockquote>In certain places there be always fresh <b>posts</b>, to carry that further which is brought unto them by the other.
<i>Abp. Abbot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I fear my Julia would not deign my lines,
Receiving them from such a worthless <b>post</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An established conveyance for letters from one place or station to another; especially, the governmental system in any country for carrying and distributing letters and parcels; the post office; the mail; hence, the carriage by which the mail is transported.</def>

<blockquote>I send you the fair copy of the poem on dullness, which I should not care to hazard by the common <b>post</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Haste or speed, like that of a messenger or mail carrier.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "In <i>post</i> he came."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>One who has charge of a station, especially of a postal station.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He held office of postmaster, or, as it was then called, <b>post</b>, for several years.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A station, office, or position of service, trust, or emolument; <as>as, the <ex>post</ex> of duty; the <ex>post</ex> of danger.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>post</b> of honor is a private station.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A size of printing and writing paper. See the Table under <er>Paper</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Post and pair</col>, <cd>an old game at cards, in which each player a hand of three cards. <i>B. Jonson</i>.</cd> -- <col>Post bag</col>, <cd>a mail bag.</cd> -- <col>Post bill</col>, <cd>a bill of letters mailed by a postmaster.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Post chaise</col>, or <col>Post coach</col></mcol>, <cd>a carriage usually with four wheels, for the conveyance of travelers who travel post.</cd> <col>Post day</col>, <cd>a day on which the mall arrives or departs.</cd> -- <col>Post hackney</col>, <cd>a hired post horse. <i>Sir H. Wotton</i>.</cd> -- <col>Post horn</col>, <cd>a horn, or trumpet, carried and blown by a carrier of the public mail, or by a coachman.</cd> -- <col>Post horse</col>, <cd>a horse stationed, intended, or used for the post.</cd> -- <col>Post hour</col>, <cd>hour for posting letters. <i>Dickens</i>.</cd> -- <col>Post office</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An office under governmental superintendence, where letters, papers, and other mailable matter, are received and distributed; a place appointed for attending to all business connected with the mail</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The governmental system for forwarding mail matter.</cd> -- <col>Postoffice order</col>. <cd>See <cref>Money order</cref>, under <er>Money</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Post road</col>, &or; <col>Post route</col></mcol>, <cd>a road or way over which the mail is carried.</cd> -- <col>Post town</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A town in which post horses are kept</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A town in which a post office is established by law.</cd> -- <col>To ride post</col>, <cd>to ride, as a carrier of dispatches, from place to place; hence, to ride rapidly, with as little delay as possible.</cd> -- <col>To travel post</col>, <cd>to travel, as a post does, by relays of horses, or by keeping one carriage to which fresh horses are attached at each stopping place.</cd></cs>

<h1>Post</h1>
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<hw>Post</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Posted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Posting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To attach to a post, a wall, or other usual place of affixing public notices; to placard; <as>as, to <ex>post</ex> a notice; to <ex>post</ex> playbills.</as></def>

<note>&hand; Formerly, a large post was erected before the sheriff's office, or in some public place, upon which legal notices were displayed. This way of advertisement has not entirely gone of use.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hold up to public blame or reproach; to advertise opprobriously; to denounce by public proclamation; <as>as, to <ex>post</ex> one for cowardice</as>.</def>

<blockquote>On pain of being <b>posted</b> to your sorrow
Fail not, at four, to meet me.
<i>Granville.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To enter (a name) on a list, as for service, promotion, or the like.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To assign to a station; to set; to place; <as>as, to <ex>post</ex> a sentinel</as>.</def> "It might be to obtain a ship for a lieutenant, . . . or to get him <i>posted</i>."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld> <def>To carry, as an account, from the journal to the ledger; <as>as, to <ex>post</ex> an account</as>; to transfer, as accounts, to the ledger.</def>

<blockquote>You have not <b>posted</b> your books these ten years.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To place in the care of the post; to mail; <as>as, to <ex>post</ex> a letter</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To inform; to give the news to; to make (one) acquainted with the details of a subject; -- often with <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Thoroughly <b>posted</b> up in the politics and literature of the day.
<i>Lond. Sat. Rev.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To post off</col>, <cd>to put off; to delay. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Why did I, venturously, <i>post off<i> so great a business?" <i>Baxter</i>.</cd> -- <col>To post over</col>, <cd>to hurry over. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Fuller</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Post</h1>
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<hw>Post</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>poster</ets>. See 4th <er>Post</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To travel with post horses; figuratively, to travel in haste.</def> "<i>Post</i> seedily to my lord your husband."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>And <b>post</b> o'er land and ocean without rest.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>To rise and sink in the saddle, in accordance with the motion of the horse, esp. in trotting.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Post</h1>
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<hw>Post</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With post horses; hence, in haste; <as>as, to travel <ex>post</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Post-abdomen</h1>
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<hw>Post`-ab*do"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>abdomen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That part of a crustacean behind the cephalothorax; -- more commonly called <altname>abdomen</altname>.</def>

<h1>Postable</h1>
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<hw>Post"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being carried by, or as by, post.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Postact</h1>
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<hw>Post"act`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An act done afterward.</def>

<h1>Postage</h1>
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<hw>Post"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The price established by law to be paid for the conveyance of a letter or other mailable matter by a public post.</def>

<cs><col>Postage stamp</col>, <cd>a government stamp required to be put upon articles sent by mail in payment of the postage, esp. an adhesive stamp issued and sold for that purpose.</cd></cs>

<h1>Postal</h1>
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<hw>Post"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>postal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to the post office or mail service; <as>as, <ex>postal</ex> arrangements; <ex>postal</ex> authorities.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Postal card</col>, &or; <col>Post card</col></mcol>, <cd>a card sold by the government for transmission through the mails, at a lower rate of postage than a sealed letter. The message is written on one side of the card, and the direction on the other.</cd> -- <col>Postal money order</col>. <cd>See <cref>Money order</cref>, under <er>Money</er>.</cd> -- <col>Postal note</col>, <cd>an order payable to bearer, for a sum of money (in the United States less than five dollars under existing law), issued from one post office and payable at another specified office.</cd> -- <col>Postal Union</col>, <cd>a union for postal purposes entered into by the most important powers, or governments, which have agreed to transport mail matter through their several territories at a stipulated rate.</cd></cs>

<h1>Postanal</h1>
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<hw>Post*a"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>anal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated behind, or posterior to, the anus.</def>

<h1>Postaxial</h1>
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<hw>Post*ax"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>axial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated behind any transverse axis in the body of an animal; caudal; posterior; especially, behind, or on the caudal or posterior (that is, ulnar or fibular) side of, the axis of a vertebrate limb.</def>

<hr>
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<h1>Postboy</h1>
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<hw>Post"boy`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who rides post horses; a position; a courier.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A boy who carries letters from the post.</def>

<h1>Post-captain</h1>
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<hw>Post"-cap`tain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A captain of a war vessel whose name appeared, or was "posted," in the seniority list of the British navy, as distinguished from a commander whose name was not so posted. The term was also used in the United States navy; but no such commission as <i>post-captain</i> was ever recognized in either service, and the term has fallen into disuse.</def>

<h1>Postcava</h1>
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<hw>Post"ca`va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Postcav\'91</plw> </plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Post-</er>, and <er>Cave</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The inferior vena cava.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Post"ca`val</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Postclavicle</h1>
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<hw>Post*clav"i*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>clavicle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bone in the pectoral girdle of many fishes projecting backward from the clavicle.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Post`*cla*vic"u*lar</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Postcommissure</h1>
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<hw>Post*com"mis*sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>commisure</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A transverse commisure in the posterior part of the roof of the third ventricle of the brain; the posterior cerebral commisure.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Postcomminion</h1>
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<hw>Post`com*min"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>communion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.)</fld> <def>The concluding portion of the communion service.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A prayer or prayers which the priest says at Mass, after the ablutions.</def>

<h1>Postcornu</h1>
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<hw>Post*cor"nu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Postcornua</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Post-</er>, and <er>Cornu</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The posterior horn of each lateral ventricle of the brain.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Postdate</h1>
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<hw>Post"date`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Postdated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Postdating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>date</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To date after the real time; <as>as, to <ex>postdate</ex> a contract, that is, to date it later than the time when it was in fact made</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To affix a date to after the event.</def>

<h1>Postdate</h1>
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<hw>Post"date`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made or done after the date assigned.</def>

<blockquote>Of these [predictions] some were <b>postdate</b>; cunningly made after the thing came to pass.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Postdate</h1>
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<hw>Post"date`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A date put to a bill of exchange or other paper, later than that when it was actually made.</def>

<h1>Postdiluvial, Postdiluvian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Post`di*lu"vi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Post`di*lu"vi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>diluvial</ets>, <ets>diluvian</ets>.]</ety> <def>Being or happening after the flood in Noah's days.</def>

<h1>Postdiluvian</h1>
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<hw>Post`di*lu"vi*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lived after the flood.</def>

<h1>Post-disseizin</h1>
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<hw>Post"-dis*sei"zin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>disseizin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A subsequent disseizin committed by one of lands which the disseizee had before recovered of the same disseizor; a writ founded on such subsequent disseizin, now abolished.</def>

<i>Burrill. Tomlins.</i>

<h1>Post-disseizor</h1>
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<hw>Post`-dis*sei"zor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>disseizor</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A person who disseizes another of lands which the disseizee had before recovered of the same disseizor.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Postea</h1>
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<hw>Post"e*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., after these or those (things), afterward.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The return of the judge before whom a cause was tried, after a verdict, of what was done in the cause, which is indorsed on the <i>nisi prius</i> record.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Postel</h1>
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<hw>Pos"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Apostle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Postencephalon</h1>
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<hw>Post`en*ceph"a*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The metencephalon.</def>

<h1>Postentry</h1>
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<hw>Post"en*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>entry</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A second or subsequent, at the customhouse, of goods which had been omitted by mistake.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld> <def>An additional or subsequent entry.</def>

<h1>Poster</h1>
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<hw>Post"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A large bill or placard intended to be posted in public places.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who posts bills; a billposter.</def>

<h1>Poster</h1>
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<hw>Post"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who posts, or travels expeditiously; a courier.</def> "<i>Posters</i> of the sea and land."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A post horse.</def> "<i>Posters</i> at full gallop."

<i>C. Lever.</i>

<h1>Postterior</h1>
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<hw>Post*te"ri*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>posterior</ets>, compar. of <ets>posterus</ets> coming after, from <ets>post</ets> after. See <er>Post-</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Later in time; hence, later in the order of proceeding or moving; coming after; -- opposed to <i>prior</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Hesiod was <b>posterior</b> to Homer.
<i>Broome.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Situated behind; hinder; -- opposed to <i>anterior</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>At or toward the caudal extremity; caudal; -- in human anatomy often used for <i>dorsal</i>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>On the side next the axis of inflorescence; -- said of an axillary flower.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Posteriority</h1>
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<hw>Pos*te`ri*or"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>post\'82riorit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being later or subsequent; <as>as, <ex>posteriority</ex> of time, or of an event</as>; -- opposed to <contr>priority</contr>.</def>

<h1>Posteriorly</h1>
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<hw>Pos*te"ri*or*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Subsequently in time; also, behind in position.</def>

<h1>Posteriors</h1>
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<hw>Pos*te"ri*ors</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>The hinder parts, as of an animal's body.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Posterity</h1>
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<hw>Pos*ter"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>posteritas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>post\'82rit\'82</ets>. See <er>Posterior</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The race that proceeds from a progenitor; offspring to the furthest generation; the aggregate number of persons who are descended from an ancestor of a generation; descendants; -- contrasted with <i>ancestry</i>; <as>as, the <ex>posterity</ex> of Abraham</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If [the crown] should not stand in thy <b>posterity</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Succeeding generations; future times.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Their names shall be transmitted to <b>posterity</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Their names shall be transmitted to <b>posterity</b>.
<i>Smalridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Postern</h1>
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<hw>Pos"tern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>posterne</ets>, <ets>posterle</ets>, F. <ets>poterne</ets>, fr. L. <ets>posterula</ets>, fr. <ets>posterus</ets> coming after. See <er>Posterior</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, a back door or gate; a private entrance; hence, any small door or gate.</def>

<blockquote>He by a privy <b>postern</b> took his flight.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Out at the <b>postern</b>, by the abbey wall.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A subterraneous passage communicating between the parade and the main ditch, or between the ditches and the interior of the outworks.</def>

<i>Mahan.</i>

<h1>Postern</h1>
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<hw>Pos"tern</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Back; being behind; private.</def> "The <i>postern</i> door."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Postero</h1>
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<hw>Pos"te*ro</hw><def>- (<?/). A combining form meaning <i>posterior</i>, <i>back</i>; <as>as, <ex>postero</ex>-inferior, situated back and below; <ex>postero</ex>-lateral, situated back and at the side.</as></def>

<h1>Postexist</h1>
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<hw>Post`ex*ist"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>exist</ets>.]</ety> <def>To exist after; to live subsequently.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<h1>Postexistence</h1>
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<hw>Post`ex*ist"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Subsequent existence.</def>

<h1>Postexistent</h1>
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<hw>Post`ex*ist"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Existing or living after.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Postexistent</i> atoms."

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Postfact</h1>
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<hw>Post"fact`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Post-</er>, and <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to a fact that occurs after another.</def>

<h1>Postfact</h1>
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<hw>Post"fact`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fact that occurs after another.</def> "Confirmed upon the <i>postfact</i>."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Postfactum</h1>
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<hw>Post`fac"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. & Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Postfact</er>.</def>

<h1>Post-fine</h1>
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<hw>Post"-fine`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>fine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A duty paid to the king by the cognizee in a fine of lands, when the same was fully passed; -- called also the <altname>king's silver</altname>.</def>

<h1>Postfix</h1>
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<hw>Post"fix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Postfixes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>-fix</ets>, as in <ets>prefix</ets>: cf. F. <ets>postfixe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A letter, syllable, or word, added to the end of another word; a suffix.</def>

<i>Parkhurst.</i>

<h1>Postfix</h1>
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<hw>Post*fix"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To annex; specifically <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, to add or annex, as a letter, syllable, or word, to the end of another or principal word; to suffix.</def>

<i>Parkhurst.</i>

<h1>Postfrontal</h1>
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<hw>Post*fron"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>frontal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated behind the frontal bone or the frontal region of the skull; -- applied especially to a bone back of and below the frontal in many animals.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A postfrontal bone.</def></def2>

<h1>Postfurca</h1>
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<hw>Post*fur"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Postfurc\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>post</ets> behind + <ets>furca</ets> a fork.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the internal thoracic processes of the sternum of an insect.</def>

<h1>Postgeniture</h1>
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<hw>Post*gen"i*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + L. <ets>genitura</ets> birth, geniture.]</ety> <def>The condition of being born after another in the same family; -- distinguished from <i>primogeniture</i>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Postglenoid</h1>
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<hw>Post*gle"noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>glenoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated behind the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone.</def>

<h1>Posthaste</h1>
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<hw>Post`haste"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Haste or speed in traveling, like that of a post or courier.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Posthaste</h1>
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<hw>Post`haste</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With speed or expedition; <as>as, he traveled <ex>posthaste</ex>; to send <ex>posthaste</ex>.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Postthetomy</h1>
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<hw>Post*thet"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ prepuce + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Circumcision.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Posthouse</h1>
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<hw>Post"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A house established for the convenience of the post, where relays of horses can be obtained.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A house for distributing the malls; a post office.</def>

<h1>Posthume, Posthumed</h1>
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<hw><hw>Post"hume</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Post"humed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Posthumos.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>I. Watts. Fuller.</i>

<h1>Posthumous</h1>
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<hw>Post"hu*mous</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>posthumus</ets>, <ets>postumus</ets>, properly, last; hence, late born (applied to children born after the father's death, or after he had made his will), superl. of <ets>posterus</ets>, <ets>posterior</ets>. See <er>Posterior</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Born after the death of the father, or taken from the dead body of the mother; <as>as, a <ex>posthumous</ex> son or daughter</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Published after the death of the author; <as>as, <ex>posthumous</ex> works; a <ex>posthumous</ex> edition.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Being or continuing after one's death; <as>as, a <ex>posthumous</ex> reputation</as>.</def>

<i>Addison. Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Posthumously</h1>
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<hw>Post"hu*mous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>It a posthumous manner; after one's decease.</def>

<h1>Postic</h1>
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<hw>Pos"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>posticus</ets>, fr. post after, behind.]</ety> <def>Backward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Postticous</h1>
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<hw>Post"ti*cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>posticus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Posterior.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Situated on the outer side of a filament; -- said of an extrorse anther.</def>

<h1>Postil</h1>
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<hw>Pos"til</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>postille</ets>, <ets>apostille</ets>, LL. <ets>postilla</ets>, probably from L. <ets>post illa</ets> (sc. <ets>verba</ets>) after those (words). Cf. <er>Apostil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, an explanatory note in the margin of the Bible, so called because written after the text; hence, a marginal note; a comment.</def>

<blockquote>Langton also made <b>postils</b> upon the whole Bible.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch. & Luth. Ch.)</fld> <def>A short homily or commentary on a passage of Scripture; <as>as, the first <ex>postils</ex> were composed by order of Charlemagne</as>.</def>

<h1>Postil</h1>
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<hw>Pos"til</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>postillare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To write marginal or explanatory notes on; to gloss.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Postil</h1>
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<hw>Pos"til</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Postiled</er> (<?/) or <er>Postilled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Postiling</er> or <er>Postilling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To write postils, or marginal notes; to comment; to postillate.</def>

<blockquote><b>Postiling</b> and allegorizing on Scripture.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Postiler</h1>
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<hw>Pos"til*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>postiller</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who writers marginal notes; one who illustrates the text of a book by notes in the margin.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Postilion</h1>
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<hw>Pos*til"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>postillon</ets>, It. <ets>postiglione</ets>, fr. <ets>posta</ets> post. See <er>Post</er> a postman.]</ety> <def>One who rides and guides the first pair of horses of a coach or post chaise; also, one who rides one of the horses when one pair only is used.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>postillion</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Postillate</h1>
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<hw>Pos"til*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>postillatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>postillare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To explain by marginal notes; to postil.</def>

<blockquote>Tracts . . . <b>postillated</b> by his own hand.
<i>C. Knight.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Postillate</h1>
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<hw>Pos"til*late</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To write postils; to comment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To preach by expounding Scripture verse by verse, in regular order.</def>

<h1>Postillation</h1>
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<hw>Pos`til*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>postillatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of postillating; exposition of Scripture in preaching.</def>

<h1>Postillator</h1>
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<hw>Pos"til*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>One who postillates; one who expounds the Scriptures verse by verse.</def>

<h1>Posttiller</h1>
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<hw>Post"til*ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Postiler</er>.</def>

<h1>Posting</h1>
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<hw>Post"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of traveling post.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld> <def>The act of transferring an account, as from the journal to the ledger.</def>

<cs><col>Posting house</col>, <cd>a post house.</cd></cs>

<h1>Postliminiar</h1>
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<hw>Post`li*min"i*ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Postliminium</er>.]</ety> <def>Contrived, done, or existing subsequently.</def> "<i>Postliminious</i> after applications of them to their purposes."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Postliminiary</h1>
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<hw>Post`li*min"i*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or involving, the right of postliminium.</def>

<h1>Postliminium, Postliminy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Post`li*min"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Post*lim"i*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>postliminium</ets>, <ets>post</ets> after + <ets>limen</ets>, <ets>liminis</ets>, a threshold.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The return to his own country, and his former privileges, of a person who had gone to sojourn in a foreign country, or had been banished, or taken by an enemy.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Internat. Law)</fld> <def>The right by virtue of which persons and things taken by an enemy in war are restored to their former state when coming again under the power of the nation to which they belonged.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Postlude</h1>
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<hw>Post"lude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>-lude</ets>, as in <ets>prelude</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A voluntary at the end of a service.</def>

<h1>Postman</h1>
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<hw>Post"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Postmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A post or courier; a letter carrier.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>One of the two most experienced barristers in the Court of Exchequer, who have precedence in motions; -- so called from the place where he sits. The other of the two is called the <i>tubman</i>.</def>

<i>Whishaw.</i>

<h1>Postmark</h1>
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<hw>Post"mark`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The mark, or stamp, of a post office on a letter, giving the place and date of mailing or of arrival.</def>

<h1>Postmark</h1>
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<hw>Post"mark`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Postmarked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Postmarking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To mark with a post-office stamp; <as>as, to <ex>postmark</ex> a letter or parcel</as>.</def>

<h1>Postmaster</h1>
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<hw>Post"mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who has charge of a station for the accommodation of travelers; one who supplies post horses.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who has charge of a post office, and the distribution and forwarding of mails.</def>

<h1>Postmaster-general</h1>
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<hw>Post"mas`ter-gen"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Postmasters-general</plw>.</plu> <def>The chief officer of the post-office department of a government. In the United States the postmaster-general is a member of the cabinet.</def>

<h1>Postmastership</h1>
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<hw>Post"mas`ter*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of postmaster.</def>

<h1>Postmeridian</h1>
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<hw>Post`me*rid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>postmeridianus</ets>; <ets>post</ets> after + <ets>meridianus</ets>. See <er>Meridian</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Coming after the sun has passed the meridian; being in, or belonging to, the afternoon. (Abbrev. <abbr><sc>P. M.</sc></abbr>)</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig., belonging to the after portion of life; late.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Post-mortem</h1>
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<hw>Post-mor"tem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L., after death.]</ety> <def>After death; <as>as, <ex>post-mortem</ex> rigidity</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Post-mortem examination</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an examination of the body made after the death of the patient; an autopsy.</cd></cs><-- also, simply post-mortem.; (Fig.) any inquiry after the failure of an enterprise to determine the casue of failure -->

<h1>Postnares</h1>
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<hw>Post*na"res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Post-</er>, and <er>Nares</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The posterior nares. See <er>Nares</er>.</def>

<h1>Postnatal</h1>
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<hw>Post*na"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>natal</ets>.]</ety> <def>After birth; subsequent to birth; <as>as, <ex>postnatal</ex> infanticide; <ex>postnatal</ex> diseases.</as></def>

<h1>Postnate</h1>
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<hw>Post"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>postnatus</ets> second or subsequently born; L. <ets>post</ets> after + <ets>natus</ets> born.]</ety> <def>Subsequent.</def> "The graces and gifts of the spirit are <i>postnate</i>." <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Post note</h1>
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<hw>Post" note`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A note issued by a bank, payable at some future specified time, as distinguished from a note payable on demand.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Postnuptial</h1>
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<hw>Post*nup"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>nuptial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Being or happening after marriage; <as>as, a <ex>postnuptial</ex> settlement on a wife</as>.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Post-obit, n., &or; Post-obit bond</h1>
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<hw><hw>Post-o"bit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, &or; <hw>Post-o"bit bond`</hw><hw>. <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>obit</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A bond in which the obligor, in consideration of having received a certain sum of money, binds himself to pay a larger sum, on unusual interest, on the death of some specified individual from whom he has expectations.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Postoblongata</h1>
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<hw>Post*ob`lon*ga"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Post-</er>, and <er>Oblongata</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The posterior part of the medulla oblongata.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Postocular</h1>
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<hw>Post*oc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>ocular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Postorbital</er>.</def>

<h1>Post office</h1>
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<hw>Post" of`fice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See under 4th <er>Post</er>.</def>

<h1>Postoral</h1>
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<hw>Post*o"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>oral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated behind, or posterior to, the mouth.</def>

<h1>Postorbital</h1>
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<hw>Post*or"bit*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>orbital</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Situated behind the orbit; <as>as, the <ex>postorbital</ex> scales of some fishes and reptiles</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A postorbital bone or scale.</def></def2>

<h1>Postpaid</h1>
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<hw>Post"paid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the postage prepaid, as a letter.</def>

<h1>Postpalatine</h1>
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<hw>Post*pal"a*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>palatine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated behind the palate, or behind the palatine bones.</def>

<h1>Postpliocene</h1>
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<hw>Post*pli"o*cene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>pliocene</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the period immediately following the Pliocene; Pleistocene. Also used as a noun. See <er>Quaternary</er>.</def>

<h1>Postpone</h1>
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<hw>Post*pone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Postponed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Postponing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>postponere</ets>, <ets>postpositum</ets>; <ets>post</ets> after + <ets>ponere</ets> to place, put. See <er>Post-</er>, and <er>Position</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To defer to a future or later time; to put off; also, to cause to be deferred or put off; to delay; to adjourn; <as>as, to <ex>postpone</ex> the consideration of a bill to the following day, or indefinitely</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His praise <b>postponed</b>, and never to be paid.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place after, behind, or below something, in respect to precedence, preference, value, or importance.</def>

<blockquote>All other considerations should give way and be <b>postponed</b> to this.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To adjourn; defer; delay; procrastinate.</syn>

<h1>Postponement</h1>
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<hw>Post*pone"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of postponing; a deferring, or putting off, to a future time; a temporary delay.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Postponence</h1>
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<hw>Post*pon"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>postponens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>The act of postponing, in sense 2.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Postponer</h1>
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<hw>Post*pon"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who postpones.</def>

<h1>Postpose</h1>
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<hw>Post*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Postposed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Postposing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>postposer</ets>. See <er>Post-</er>, and <er>Pose</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To postpone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Postposit</h1>
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<hw>Post*pos"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>postpositus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Postpone</er>.]</ety> <def>To postpone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Postposition</h1>
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<hw>Post`po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>postposition</ets>. See <er>Postpone</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of placing after, or the state of being placed after.</def> "The <i>postposition</i> of the nominative case to the verb."

<i>Mede.</i>

<hr>
<page="1120">
Page 1120<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A word or particle placed after, or at the end of, another word; -- distinguished from <i>preposition</i>.</def>

<h1>Postpositional</h1>
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<hw>Post`po*si"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to postposition.</def>

<h1>Postpositive</h1>
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<hw>Post*pos"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Postpone</er>.]</ety> <def>Placed after another word; <as>as, a <ex>postpositive</ex> conjunction; a <ex>postpositive</ex> letter.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Post*pos"i*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Postprandial</h1>
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<hw>Post*pran"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>prandial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Happening, or done, after dinner; after-dinner; <as>as, <ex>postprandial</ex> speeches</as>.</def>

<h1>Postremogeniture</h1>
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<hw>Pos*tre`mo*gen"i*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>postremus</ets> last + <ets>genitura</ets> birth, geniture.]</ety> <def>The right of the youngest born.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Postremote</h1>
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<hw>Post`re*mote"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>remote</ets>.]</ety> <def>More remote in subsequent time or order.</def>

<h1>Postrider</h1>
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<hw>Post"rid`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rides over a post road to carry the mails.</def>

<i>Bancroft.</i>

<h1>Postscapula</h1>
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<hw>Post*scap"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Post-</er>, and <er>Scapula</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The part of the scapula behind or below the spine, or mesoscapula.</def>

<h1>Postscapular</h1>
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<hw>Post*scap"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the postscapula; infraspinous.</def>

<h1>Postscenium</h1>
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<hw>Post*sce"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>post + scena</ets> a scene.]</ety> <def>The part of a theater behind the scenes; the back part of the stage of a theater.</def>

<h1>Postscribe</h1>
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<hw>Post*scribe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>postscribere</ets>. See <er>Postscript</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a postscript.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>T. Adams.</i>

<h1>Postscript</h1>
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<hw>Post"script</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>postscriptus</ets>, (assumed) p. p. of <ets>postscribere</ets> to write after; <ets>post</ets> after + <ets>scribere</ets> to write: cf. F. <ets>postscriptum</ets>. See <er>Post-</er>, and <er>Scribe</er>.]</ety> <def>A paragraph added to a letter after it is concluded and signed by the writer; an addition made to a book or composition after the main body of the work has been finished, containing something omitted, or something new occurring to the writer.</def> <altsp>[Abbrev. <abbr>P. S.</abbr>]</altsp>

<h1>Postscripted</h1>
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<hw>Post"script*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a postscript; added in a postscript.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Q. Adams.</i>

<h1>Postscutellum</h1>
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<hw>Post`scu*tel"lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Post-</er>, and <er>Scutellum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hindermost dorsal piece of a thoracic somite of an insect; the plate behind the scutellum.</def>

<h1>Postsphenoid</h1>
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<hw>Post*sphe"noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>sphenoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the posterior part of the sphenoid bone.</def>

<h1>Post-temporal</h1>
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<hw>Post-tem"po*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>temporal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated back of the temporal bone or the temporal region of the skull; -- applied especially to a bone which usually connects the supraclavicle with the skull in the pectoral arch of fishes.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A post-temporal bone.</def></def2>

<h1>Posttertiary</h1>
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<hw>Post*ter"ti*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>tertiary</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Following, or more recent than, the Tertiary; Quaternary.</def>

<h1>Post-tragus</h1>
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<hw>Post"-tra`gus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Post-</er>, and <er>Tragus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A ridge within and behind the tragus in the ear of some animals.</def>

<h1>Post-tympanic</h1>
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<hw>Post`-tym*pan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>post-</ets> + <ets>tympanic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated behind the tympanum, or in the skull, behind the auditory meatus.</def>

<h1>Postulant</h1>
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<hw>Pos"tu*lant</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>postulans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>postulare</ets>. See <er>Postulate</er>.]</ety> <def>One who makes a request or demand; hence, a candidate.</def>

<h1>Postulate</h1>
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<hw>Pos"tu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>postulatum</ets> a demand, request, prop. p. p. of <ets>postulare</ets> to demand, prob. a dim. of <ets>poscere</ets> to demand, prob. for <ets>porcscere</ets>; akin to G. <ets>forschen</ets> to search, investigate, Skr. <ets>prach</ets> to ask, and L. <ets>precari</ets> to pray: cf. F. <ets>postulat</ets>. See <er>Pray</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something demanded or asserted; especially, a position or supposition assumed without proof, or one which is considered as self-evident; a truth to which assent may be demanded or challenged, without argument or evidence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The enunciation of a self-evident problem, in distinction from an <i>axiom</i>, which is the enunciation of a self-evident theorem.</def>

<blockquote>The distinction between a <b>postulate</b> and an axiom lies in this, -- that the latter is admitted to be self-evident, while the former may be agreed upon between two reasoners, and admitted by both, but not as proposition which it would be impossible to deny.
<i>Eng. Cyc.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Postulate</h1>
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<hw>Pos"tu*late</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Postulated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Postulate</h1>
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<hw>Pos"tu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Postulated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Postulating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To beg, or assume without proof; <as>as, to <ex>postulate</ex> conclusions</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take without express consent; to assume.</def>

<blockquote>The Byzantine emperors appear to have . . . <b>postulated</b> a sort of paramount supremacy over this nation.
<i>W. Tooke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To invite earnestly; to solicit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Postulated</h1>
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<hw>Pos"tu*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Assumed without proof; <as>as, a <ex>postulated</ex> inference</as>.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Postulation</h1>
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<hw>Pos`tu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>postulatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>postulation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of postulating, or that which is postulated; assumption; solicitation; suit; cause.</def>

<h1>Postulatory</h1>
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<hw>Pos"tu*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>postulatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of a postulate.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Postulatum</h1>
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<hw>Pos`tu*la"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Postulata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Postulate</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <def>A postulate.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Postumous</h1>
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<hw>Pos"tu*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Posthumous</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Postural</h1>
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<hw>Pos"tur*al</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to posture.</def>

<h1>Posture</h1>
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<hw>Pos"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>positura</ets>, fr. <ets>ponere</ets>, <ets>positum</ets>, to place. See <er>Position</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The position of the body; the situation or disposition of the several parts of the body with respect to each other, or for a particular purpose; especially <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld>, the position of a figure with regard to the several principal members by which action is expressed; attitude.</def>

<blockquote>Atalanta, the <b>posture</b> of whose limbs was so lively expressed . . . one would have sworn the very picture had run.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In most strange <b>postures</b>
We have seen him set himself.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>posture</b> of a poetic figure is a description of his heroes in the performance of such or such an action.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Place; position; situation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>His [man's] noblest <b>posture</b> and station in this world.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>State or condition, whether of external circumstances, or of internal feeling and will; disposition; mood; <as>as, a <ex>posture</ex> of defense; the <ex>posture</ex> of affairs.</as></def>

<blockquote>The several <b>postures</b> of his devout soul.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Attitude; position. See <er>Attitude</er>.</syn>

<h1>Posture</h1>
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<hw>Pos"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Postured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Posturing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To place in a particular position or attitude; to dispose the parts of, with reference to a particular purpose; <as>as, to <ex>posture</ex> one's self; to <ex>posture</ex> a model.</as></def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Posture</h1>
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<hw>Pos"ture</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To assume a particular posture or attitude; to contort the body into artificial attitudes, as an acrobat or contortionist; also, to pose.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To assume a character; <as>as, to <ex>posture</ex> as a saint</as>.</def>

<h1>Posturer</h1>
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<hw>Pos`tur*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who postures.</def>

<h1>Postzygapophysis</h1>
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<hw>Post*zyg`a*poph"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Postzygapophyses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Post-</er>, and <er>Zygapophysis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A posterior zygapophysis.</def>

<h1>Posy</h1>
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<hw>Po"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Posies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>poesy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A brief poetical sentiment; hence, any brief sentiment, motto, or legend; especially, one inscribed on a ring.</def> "The <i>posy</i> of a ring."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Probably so called from the use of flowers as having an enigmatical significance. <ets>Wedgwood</ets>.]</ety> <def>A flower; a bouquet; a nosegay.</def> "Bridegroom's <i>posies</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>We make a difference between suffering thistles to grow among us, and wearing them for <b>posies</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pot</h1>
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<hw>Pot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to LG. <ets>pott</ets>, D. <ets>pot</ets>, Dan. <ets>potte</ets>, Sw. <ets>potta</ets>, Icel. <ets>pottr</ets>, F. <ets>pot</ets>; of unknown origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A metallic or earthen vessel, appropriated to any of a great variety of uses, as for boiling meat or vegetables, for holding liquids, for plants, etc.; <as>as, a quart <ex>pot</ex>; a flower <ex>pot</ex>; a bean <ex>pot</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An earthen or pewter cup for liquors; a mug.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The quantity contained in a pot; a potful; <as>as, a <ex>pot</ex> of ale</as>.</def> "Give her a <i>pot</i> and a cake."

<i>De Foe.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A metal or earthenware extension of a flue above the top of a chimney; a chimney pot.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A crucible; <as>as, a graphite <ex>pot</ex>; a melting <ex>pot</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A wicker vessel for catching fish, eels, etc.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A perforated cask for draining sugar.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>A size of paper. See <er>Pott</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Jack pot</col>. <cd>See under 2d <er>Jack</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pot cheese</col>, <cd>cottage cheese. See under <er>Cottage</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pot companion</col>, <cd>a companion in drinking.</cd> -- <col>Pot hanger</col>, <cd>a pothook.</cd> -- <col>Pot herb</col>, <cd>any plant, the leaves or stems of which are boiled for food, as spinach, lamb's-quarters, purslane, and many others.</cd> -- <col>Pot hunter</col>, <cd>one who kills anything and everything that will help to fill has bag; also, a hunter who shoots game for the table or for the market.</cd> -- <col>Pot metal</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The metal from which iron pots are made, different from common pig iron</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An alloy of copper with lead used for making large vessels for various purposes in the arts</cd>. <i>Ure</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A kind of stained glass, the colors of which are incorporated with the melted glass in the pot.</cd> <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Pot plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>either of the trees which bear the monkey-pot.</cd> -- <col>Pot wheel</col> <fld>(Hydraul.)</fld>, <cd>a noria.</cd> -- <col>To go to pot</col>, <cd>to go to destruction; to come to an end of usefulness; to become refuse. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Dryden.</i>   <i>J. G. Saxe.</i>

<h1>Pot</h1>
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<hw>Pot</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Potted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Potting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To place or inclose in pots</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To preserve seasoned in pots</def>. "<i>Potted</i> fowl and fish." <i>Dryden</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To set out or cover in pots; <as>as, <ex>potted</ex> plants or bulbs</as></def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>To drain; <as>as, to <ex>pot</ex> sugar, by taking it from the cooler, and placing it in hogsheads, etc., having perforated heads, through which the molasses drains off</as>.</def> <i>B. Edwards</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Billiards)</fld> <def>To pocket.</def>

<h1>Pot</h1>
<Xpage=1120>

<hw>Pot</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To tipple; to drink.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>It is less labor to plow than to <b>pot</b> it.
<i>Feltham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Potable</h1>
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<hw>Po"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>potabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>potare</ets> to drink; akin to Gr. <grk>po`tos</grk> a drinking, <grk>po`sis</grk> a drink, Skr. <ets>p\'be</ets> to drink, OIr. <ets>ibim</ets> I drink. Cf. <er>Poison</er>, <er>Bib</er>, <er>Imbibe</er>.]</ety> <def>Fit to be drunk; drinkable.</def> "Water fresh and <i>potable</i>." <i>Bacon</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A potable liquid; a beverage.</def> "Useful in <i>potables</i>."</def2>

<i>J. Philips.</i>

<h1>Potableness</h1>
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<hw>Po"ta*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being drinkable.</def>

<h1>Potage</h1>
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<hw>Pot"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pottage</er>.</def>

<h1>Potager</h1>
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<hw>Pot"a*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. fr. <ets>potage</ets> soup, porridge. See <er>Pottage</er>.]</ety> <def>A porringer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Potagro</h1>
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<hw>Po*tag"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Potargo</er>.</def>

<h1>Potale</h1>
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<hw>Pot"ale`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The refuse from a grain distillery, used to fatten swine.</def>

<h1>Potamian</h1>
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<hw>Po*ta"mi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ river.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A river tortoise; one of a group of tortoises (<spn>Potamites</spn>, or <spn>Trionychoidea</spn>) having a soft shell, webbed feet, and a sharp beak. See <er>Trionyx</er>.</def>

<h1>Potamography</h1>
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<hw>Pot`a*mog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ river + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>An account or description of rivers; potamology.</def>

<h1>Potamology</h1>
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<hw>Pot`a*mol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ river + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A scientific account or discussion of rivers; a treatise on rivers; potamography.</def>

<h1>Potamospongi\'91</h1>
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<hw>Pot`a*mo*spon"gi*\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ river + <?/ a sponge.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fresh-water sponges. See <er>Spongilla</er>.</def>

<h1>Potance</h1>
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<hw>Po"tance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>potence</ets>. See <er>Potence</er>, <er>Potency</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Watch Making)</fld> <def>The stud in which the bearing for the lower pivot of the verge is made.</def>

<h1>Potargo</h1>
<Xpage=1120>

<hw>Po*tar"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Botargo</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of sauce or pickle.</def>

<i>King.</i>

<h1>Potash</h1>
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<hw>Pot"ash`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pot</ets> + <ets>ash</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The hydroxide of potassium hydrate, a hard white brittle substance, <chform>KOH</chform>, having strong caustic and alkaline properties; -- hence called also <altname>caustic potash</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The impure potassium carbonate obtained by leaching wood ashes, either as a strong solution (<i>lye</i>), or as a white crystalline (<i>pearlash</i>).</def>

<h1>Potashes</h1>
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<hw>Pot"ash`es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Potash.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Potassa</h1>
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<hw>Po*tas"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. E. <ets>potash</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Potassium oxide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Potassium hydroxide, commonly called <altname>caustic potash</altname>.</def>

<h1>Potassamide</h1>
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<hw>Pot`ass*am"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Potass</ets>ium + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellowish brown substance obtained by heating potassium in ammonia.</def>

<h1>Pottassic</h1>
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<hw>Pot*tas"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, potassium.</def>

<h1>Potassium</h1>
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<hw>Po*tas"si*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Potassa</er>, <er>Potash</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An Alkali element, occurring abundantly but always combined, as in the chloride, sulphate, carbonate, or silicate, in the minerals sylvite, kainite, orthoclase, muscovite, etc. Atomic weight 39.0. Symbol K (<i>Kalium</i>).</def>

<note>&hand; It is reduced from the carbonate as a soft white metal, lighter than water, which oxidizes with the greatest readiness, and, to be preserved, must be kept under liquid hydrocarbons, as naphtha or kerosene. Its compounds are very important, being used in glass making, soap making, in fertilizers, and in many drugs and chemicals.</note>

<cs><col>Potassium permanganate</col>, <cd>the salt <chform>KMnO4</chform>, crystallizing in dark red prisms having a greenish surface color, and dissolving in water with a beautiful purple red color; -- used as an oxidizer and disinfectant. The name <altname>chameleon mineral</altname> is applied to this salt and also to potassium manganate.</cd> -- <col>Potassium bitartrate</col>. <cd>See <cref>Cream of tartar</cref>, under <er>Cream</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Potassoxyl</h1>
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<hw>Pot`ass*ox"yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Potass</ets>ium + <ets>ox</ets>ygen + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The radical <chform>KO</chform>, derived from, and supposed to exist in, potassium hydroxide and other compounds.</def>

<h1>Potation</h1>
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<hw>Po*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>potatio</ets>, fr. <ets>potare</ets>. See <er>Potable</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of drinking.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A draught.</def> "<i>Potations</i> pottle deep."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Drink; beverage.</def> "Thin <i>potations</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Potato</h1>
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<hw>Po*ta"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Potatoes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp. <ets>patata</ets> potato, <ets>batata</ets> sweet potato, from the native American name (probably <ets>batata</ets>) in Hayti.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plant (<spn>Solanum tuberosum</spn>) of the Nightshade family, and its esculent farinaceous tuber, of which there are numerous varieties used for food. It is native of South America, but a form of the species is found native as far north as New Mexico.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The sweet potato (see below).</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Potato beetle</col>, <col>Potato bug</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A beetle (<spn>Doryphora decemlineata</spn>) which feeds, both in the larval and adult stages, upon the leaves of the potato, often doing great damage. Called also <altname>Colorado potato beetle</altname>, and <altname>Doryphora</altname>.</cd> See <er>Colorado beetle</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The <spn>Lema trilineata</spn>, a smaller and more slender striped beetle which feeds upon the potato plant, bur does less injury than the preceding species.</cd> -- <col>Potato fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of blister beetles infesting the potato vine. The black species (<spn>Lytta atrata</spn>), the striped (<spn>L. vittata</spn>), and the gray (<spn>L. cinerea, &or; Fabricii</spn>) are the most common. See <cref>Blister beetle</cref>, under <er>Blister</er>.</cd> -- <col>Potato rot</col>, <cd>a disease of the tubers of the potato, supposed to be caused by a kind of mold (<spn>Peronospora infestans</spn>), which is first seen upon the leaves and stems.</cd> -- <col>Potato weevil</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American weevil (<spn>Baridius trinotatus</spn>) whose larva lives in and kills the stalks of potato vines, often causing serious damage to the crop.</cd> -- <col>Potato whisky</col>, <cd>a strong, fiery liquor, having a hot, smoky taste, and rich in amyl alcohol (<i>fusel oil<i>); it is made from potatoes or potato starch.</cd> -- <col>Potato worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the large green larva of a sphinx, or hawk moth (<spn>Macrosila quinquemaculata</spn>); -- called also <altname>tomato worm</altname>. See <i>Illust<i>. under <er>Tomato</er>.</cd> -- <col>Seaside potato</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd><spn>Ipom\'d2a Pes-Capr\'91</spn>, a kind of morning-glory with rounded and emarginate or bilobed leaves.</cd> <mark>[West Indies]</mark> -- <col>Sweet potato</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a climbing plant (<spn>Ipom\'d2a Balatas</spn>) allied to the morning-glory. Its farinaceous tubers have a sweetish taste, and are used, when cooked, for food. It is probably a native of Brazil, but is cultivated extensively in the warmer parts of every continent, and even as far north as New Jersey. The name <i>potato<i> was applied to this plant before it was to the <spn>Solanum tuberosum</spn>, and this is the "potato" of the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Wild potato</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A vine (<spn>Ipom\'d2a pandurata</spn>) having a pale purplish flower and an enormous root. It is common in sandy places in the United States.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A similar tropical American plant (<spn>I. fastigiata</spn>) which it is thought may have been the original stock of the sweet potato.</cd></cs>

<h1>Potator</h1>
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<hw>Po*ta"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A drinker.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Potatory</h1>
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<hw>Po"ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>potatorius</ets>, from <ets>potare</ets> to drink.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to drinking.</def>

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<h1>Pot-bellied</h1>
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<hw>Pot"-bel`lied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a protuberant belly, like the bottom of a pot.</def>

<h1>Pot-belly</h1>
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<hw>Pot"-bel`ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A protuberant belly.</def>

<h1>Potboiler</h1>
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<hw>Pot"boil`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A term applied derisively to any literary or artistic work, and esp. a painting, done simply for money and the means of living.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<h1>Potboy</h1>
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<hw>Pot"boy`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A boy who carries pots of ale, beer, etc.; a menial in a public house.</def>

<h1>Potch</h1>
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<hw>Potch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Poach</er> to stab.]</ety> <def>To thrust; to push.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "I 'll <i>potch</i> at him some way."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Potch</h1>
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<hw>Potch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Poach</er>, to cook.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Potcher</h1>
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<hw>Potch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, potches.</def>

<cs><col>Potcher engine</col> <fld>(Paper Making)</fld>, <cd>a machine in which washed rags are stirred in a bleaching solution.</cd></cs>

<h1>Potecary</h1>
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<hw>Pot"e*ca*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An apothecary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Poteen</h1>
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<hw>Po*teen"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Ir. <ets>potaim</ets>, <ets>poitim</ets>, I drink, <ets>poitin</ets> a small pot.]</ety> <def>Whisky; especially, whisky illicitly distilled by the Irish peasantry.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>potheen</asp>, and <asp>potteen</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Potelot</h1>
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<hw>Po"te*lot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.,; cf. G. <ets>pottloth</ets> black lead.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem. & Min.)</fld> <def>Molybdenum sulphide.</def>

<h1>Potence</h1>
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<hw>Po"tence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>potentia</ets> staff, crutch, L., might, power. See <er>Potency</er>.]</ety> <def>Potency; capacity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<hr>
<page="1121">
Page 1121<p>

<h1>Potency</h1>
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<hw>Po"ten*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>potentia</ets>, from <ets>potens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, potent. See <er>Potent</er>, and cf. <er>Potance</er>, <er>Potence</er>, <er>Puissance</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being potent; physical or moral power; inherent strength; energy; ability to effect a purpose; capability; efficacy; influence.</def> "Drugs of <i>potency</i>."

<i>Hawthorne.</i>

<blockquote>A place of <b>potency</b> and away o' the state.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Potent</h1>
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<hw>Po"tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>potens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>posse</ets> to be able, to have power, fr. <ets>potis</ets> able, capable (akin to Skr. <ets>pati</ets> master, lord) + <ets>esse</ets> to be. See <er>Host</er> a landlord, <er>Am</er>, and cf. <er>Despot</er>, <er>Podesta</er>, <er>Possible</er>, <er>Power</er>, <er>Puissant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Producing great physical effects; forcible; powerful' efficacious; <as>as, a <ex>potent</ex> medicine</as>.</def> "Harsh and <i>potent</i> injuries."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Moses once more his <b>potent</b> rod extends.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having great authority, control, or dominion; puissant; mighty; influential; <as>as, a <ex>potent</ex> prince</as>.</def> "A <i>potent</i> dukedom."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Most <b>potent</b>, grave, and reverend signiors.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Powerful, in an intellectual or moral sense; having great influence; <as>as, <ex>potent</ex> interest; a <ex>potent</ex> argument.</as></def>

<cs><col>Cross potent</col>. <fld>(Her.)</fld> <cd>See <i>Illust<i>. (7) of <er>Cross</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Powerful; mighty; puissant; strong; able; efficient; forcible; efficacious; cogent; influential.</syn>

<h1>Potent</h1>
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<hw>Po"tent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A prince; a potentate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[See <er>Potence</er>.]</ety> <def>A staff or crutch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>One of the furs; a surface composed of patches which are supposed to represent crutch heads; they are always alternately argent and azure, unless otherwise specially mentioned.</def>

<cs><col>Counter potent</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a fur differing from potent in the arrangement of the patches.</cd></cs>

<h1>Potentacy</h1>
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<hw>Po"ten*ta*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Potentate</er>.]</ety> <def>Sovereignty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Potentate</h1>
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<hw>Po"ten*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>potentatus</ets>, fr. <ets>potentare</ets> to exercise power: cf. F. <ets>potentat</ets>. See <er>Potent</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>One who is potent; one who possesses great power or sway; a prince, sovereign, or monarch.</def>

<blockquote>The blessed and only <b>potentate</b>.
<i>1 Tim. vi. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cherub and seraph, <b>potentates</b> and thrones.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Potential</h1>
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<hw>Po*ten"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>potentiel</ets>. See <er>Potency</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being potent; endowed with energy adequate to a result; efficacious; influential.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "And hath in his effect a voice <i>potential</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Existing in possibility, not in actuality.</def> "A <i>potential</i> hero."

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<blockquote><b>Potential</b> existence means merely that the thing may be at ome time; <b>actual</b> existence, that it now is.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Potential cautery</col>. <cd>See under <er>Cautery</er>.</cd> -- <col>Potential energy</col>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <cd>See the Note under <er>Energy</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Potential mood</col>, &or; <col>mode</col></mcol> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>that form of the verb which is used to express possibility, liberty, power, will, obligation, or necessity, by the use of <i>may<i>, <i>can<i>, <i>must<i>, <i>might<i>, <i>could<i>, <i>would<i>, or <i>should<i>; as, I <i>may go<i>; he <i>can write<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Potential</h1>
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<hw>Po*ten"tial</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything that may be possible; a possibility; potentially.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>In the theory of gravitation, or of other forces acting in space, a function of the rectangular coordinates which determine the position of a point, such that its differential coefficients with respect to the co\'94rdinates are equal to the components of the force at the point considered; -- also called <altname>potential function</altname>, or <altname>force function</altname>. It is called also <stype>Newtonian potential</stype> when the force is directed to a fixed center and is inversely as the square of the distance from the center.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The energy of an electrical charge measured by its power to do work; hence, the degree of electrification as referred to some standard, as that of the earth; electro-motive force.</def>

<h1>Potentiality</h1>
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<hw>Po*ten`ti*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being potential; possibility, not actuality; inherent capability or disposition, not actually exhibited.</def>

<h1>Potentially</h1>
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<hw>Po*ten"tial*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With power; potently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a potential manner; possibly, not positively.</def>

<blockquote>The duration of human souls is only <b>potentially</b> infinite.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Potentiate</h1>
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<hw>Po*ten"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Potentiated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Potentiating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To render active or potent.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Potentiometer</h1>
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<hw>Po*ten`ti*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Potential</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring or comparing electrial potentials or electro-motive forces.</def>

<h1>Potentize</h1>
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<hw>Po"ten*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Potentized</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Potentizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To render the latent power of (anything) available.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Potently</h1>
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<hw>Po"tent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With great force or energy; powerfully; efficaciously.</def> "You are <i>potently</i> opposed."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Potentness</h1>
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<hw>Po"tent*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being potent; powerfulness; potency; efficacy.</def>

<h1>Potestate</h1>
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<hw>Po"tes*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chief ruler; a potentate. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Wyclif</i>.</def> "An irous <i>potestate</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Potestative</h1>
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<hw>Po*tes"ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>potestativus</ets>, fr. <ets>potestas</ets> power: cf. F. <ets>potestatif</ets>. See <er>Potent</er>.]</ety> <def>Authoritative.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Potgun</h1>
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<hw>Pot"gun`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pot-shaped cannon; a mortar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Twelve <i>potguns</i> of brass."

<i>Hakluyt.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A popgun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Pothecary</h1>
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<hw>Poth"e*ca*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An apothecary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Potheen</h1>
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<hw>Po*theen"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Poteen</er>.</def>

<h1>Pother</h1>
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<hw>Poth"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>peuteren</ets> to rummage, poke. Cf. <er>Potter</er>, <er>Pudder</er>.]</ety> <def>Bustle; confusion; tumult; flutter; bother.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>potter</asp>, and <asp>pudder</asp>.]</altsp> "What a <i>pother</i> and stir!" <i>Oldham</i>. "Coming on with a terrible <i>pother</i>." <i>Wordsworth</i>.

<h1>Pother</h1>
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<hw>Poth"er</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a bustle or stir; to be fussy.</def>

<h1>Pother</h1>
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<hw>Poth"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pothered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pothering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To harass and perplex; to worry.</def> "<i>Pothers</i> and wearies himself."

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Pothole</h1>
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<hw>Pot"hole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A circular hole formed in the rocky beds of rivers by the grinding action of stones or gravel whirled round by the water in what was at first a natural depression of the rock.</def>

<h1>Pothook</h1>
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<hw>Pot"hook`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An <S/-shaped hook on which pots and kettles are hung over an open fire.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A written character curved like a pothook; (<pluf>pl.</pluf>) a scrawled writing.</def> "I long to be spelling her Arabic scrawls and <i>pothooks</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Pothouse</h1>
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<hw>Pot"house`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An alehouse.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Potichomania, Potichomanie</h1>
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<hw><hw>Po`ti*cho*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Po`ti*cho*ma"nie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>potichomanie</ets>; <ets>potiche</ets> a porcelain vase + <ets>manie</ets> mania.]</ety> <def>The art or process of coating the inside of glass vessels with engravings or paintings, so as to give them the appearance of painted ware.</def>

<h1>Potion</h1>
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<hw>Po"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>potio</ets>, from <ets>potare</ets> to drink: cf. F. <ets>potion</ets>. See <er>Poison</er>.]</ety> <def>A draught; a dose; usually, a draught or dose of a liquid medicine.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Potion</h1>
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<hw>Po"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To drug.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Speed.</i>

<h1>Potlid</h1>
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<hw>Pot"lid`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The lid or cover of a pot.</def>

<cs><col>Potlid valve</col>, <cd>a valve covering a round hole or the end of a pipe or pump barrel, resembling a potlid in form.</cd></cs>

<h1>Potluck</h1>
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<hw>Pot"luck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Whatever may chance to be in the pot, or may be provided for a meal.</def>

<blockquote>A woman whose <b>potluck</b> was always to be relied on.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To take potluck</col>, <cd>to take what food may chance to be provided.</cd></cs>

<h1>Potman</h1>
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<hw>Pot"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Potmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pot companion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Life of A. Wood (1663).</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A servant in a public house; a potboy.</def>

<h1>Potoo</h1>
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<hw>Po*too"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large South American goatsucker (<spn>Nyctibius grandis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Potoroo</h1>
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<hw>Po`to*roo"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any small kangaroo belonging to <spn>Hypsiprymnus</spn>, <spn>Bettongia</spn>, and allied genera, native of Australia and Tasmania. Called also <altname>kangaroo rat</altname>.</def>

<h1>Potpie</h1>
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<hw>Pot"pie`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A meat pie which is boiled instead of being baked.</def>

<h1>Potpourri</h1>
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<hw>Pot`pour`ri"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>pot</ets> pot + <ets>pourri</ets>, p. p. of <ets>pourrir</ets> to rot, L. <ets>putrere</ets>. Cf. <er>Olla-podrida</er>.]</ety> <def>A medley or mixture</def>. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A ragout composed of different sorts of meats, vegetables, etc., cooked together.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A jar or packet of flower leaves, perfumes, and spices, used to scent a room</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A piece of music made up of different airs strung together; a medley</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A literary production composed of parts brought together without order or bond of connection.</def>

<h1>Potsdam group</h1>
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<hw>Pots"dam group`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A subdivision of the Primordial or Cambrian period in American geology; -- so named from the sandstone of <ets>Potsdam</ets>, New York. See <i>Chart</i> of <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Potshard, Potshare</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pot"shard`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pot"share`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A potsherd.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Potsherd</h1>
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<hw>Pot"sherd`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pot</ets> + <ets>sherd</ets> or <ets>shard</ets>.]</ety> <def>A piece or fragment of a broken pot.</def>

<i>Job ii. 8.</i>

<h1>Potstone</h1>
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<hw>Pot"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of steatite sometimes manufactured into culinary vessels.</def>

<h1>Potsure</h1>
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<hw>Pot"*sure`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made confident by drink.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pott</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pott</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A size of paper. See under <er>Paper</er>.</def>

<h1>Pottage</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pot"tage</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>potage</ets>, fr. <ets>pot</ets> pot. See <er>Pot</er>, and cf. <er>Porridge</er>, <er>Porringer</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of food made by boiling vegetables or meat, or both together, in water, until soft; a thick soup or porridge.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>potage</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Then Jacob gave Esau bread and <b>pottage</b> of lentils.
<i>Gen. xxv. 34.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pottain</h1>
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<hw>Pot"tain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Old pot metal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Potteen</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pot*teen"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Poteen</er>.</def>

<h1>Potter</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pot"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>potier</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One whose occupation is to make earthen vessels.</def>

<i>Ps. ii. 9.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>potter</b> heard, and stopped his wheel.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who hawks crockery or earthenware.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who pots meats or other eatables.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The red-bellied terrapin. See <er>Terrapin</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Potter's asthma</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>emphysema of the lungs; -- so called because very prevalent among potters. <i>Parkers</i>.</cd> -- <col>Potter's clay</col>. <cd>See under <er>Clay</er>.</cd> -- <col>Potter's field</col>, <cd>a public burial place, especially in a city, for paupers, unknown persons, and criminals; -- so named from the field south of Jerusalem, mentioned in <i>Matt. xxvii. 7</i>.</cd> -- <col>Potter's ore</col>. <cd>See <er>Alquifou</er>.</cd> -- <col>Potter's wheel</col>, <cd>a horizontal revolving disk on which the clay is molded into form with the hands or tools.</cd> "My thoughts are whirled like a <i>potter's wheel</i>." <i>Shak</i>. <col>Potter wasp</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small solitary wasp (<spn>Eumenes fraternal</spn>) which constructs a globular nest of mud and sand in which it deposits insect larv\'91, such as cankerworms, as food for its young.</cd></cs>

<h1>Potter</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pot"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pottered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pottering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>pwtio</ets> to poke, or OD. <ets>poteren</ets> to search one thoroughly, Sw. <ets>p\'86ta</ets>, <ets>peta</ets>, to pick, E. <ets>pother</ets>, <ets>put</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To busy one's self with trifles; to labor with little purpose, energy, of effect; to trifle; to pother.</def><-- = putter.  A reverse ref at putter, but no forward ref here! -->

<blockquote><b>Pottering</b> about the Mile End cottages.
<i>Mrs. Humphry Ward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To walk lazily or idly; to saunter.</def>

<h1>Potter</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pot"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To poke; to push; also, to disturb; to confuse; to bother.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Pottern</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pot"tern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to potters.</def>

<cs><col>Pottern ore</col>, <cd>a species of ore which, from its aptness to vitrify like the glazing of potter's wares, the miners call by this name.</cd> <i>Boyle.</i></cs>

<h1>Pottery</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pot"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Potteries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>poterie</ets>, fr. <ets>pot</ets>. See <er>Pot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The vessels or ware made by potters; earthenware, glazed and baked.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The place where earthen vessels are made.</def>

<h1>Potting</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pot"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tippling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of placing in a pot; <as>as, the <ex>potting</ex> of plants; the <ex>potting</ex> of meats for preservation.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The process of putting sugar in casks for cleansing and draining.</def> <mark>[West Indies]</mark>

<i>B. Edwards.</i>

<h1>Pottle</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pot"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>potel</ets>, OF. <ets>potel</ets>, dim. of <ets>pot</ets>. See <er>Pot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A liquid measure of four pints.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pot or tankard.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>A dry <b>pottle</b> of sack before him.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A vessel or small basket for holding fruit.</def>

<blockquote>He had a . . . <b>pottle</b> of strawberries in one hand.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Pottle draught</col>, <cd>taking a pottle of liquor at one draught.</cd> <mark>[ Prov. Eng.]</mark></cs>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Potto</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pot"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A nocturnal mammal (<spn>Perodictius potto</spn>) of the Lemur family, found in West Africa. It has rudimentary forefingers. Called also <altname>aposoro</altname>, and <altname>bush dog</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The kinkajou.</def>

<h1>Pott's disease</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pott's" dis*ease"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Caries of the vertebr\'91, frequently resulting in curvature of the spine and paralysis of the lower extremities; -- so named from Percival <i>Pott</i>, an English surgeon.</def>

<cs><col>Pott's fracture</col>, <cd>a fracture of the lower end of the fibula, with displacement of the tibia.</cd></cs>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Potulent</h1>
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<hw>Pot"u*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>potulentus</ets>, fr. <ets>potus</ets> a drinking, drink, fr. <ets>potare</ets> to drink.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fit to drink; potable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Nearly drunk; tipsy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pot-valiant</h1>
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<hw>Pot"-val`iant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the courage given by drink.</def>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Pot-walloper</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pot"-wal`lop*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A voter in certain boroughs of England, where, before the passage of the reform bill of 1832, the qualification for suffrage was to have boiled (walloped) his own pot in the parish for six months.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who cleans pots; a scullion.</def> <mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Pouch</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pouch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>poche</ets> a pocket, pouch, bag; probably of Teutonic origin. See <er>Poke</er> a bag, and cf. <er>Poach</er> to cook eggs, to plunder.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small bag; usually, a leathern bag; <as>as, a <ex>pouch</ex> for money; a shot <ex>pouch</ex>; a mail <ex>pouch</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is shaped like, or used as, a pouch</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A protuberant belly; a paunch; -- so called in ridicule</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sac or bag for carrying food or young; <as>as, the cheek <ex>pouches</ex> of certain rodents, and the <ex>pouch</ex> of marsupials</as></def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cyst or sac containing fluid</def>. <i>S. Sharp</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A silicle, or short pod, as of the shepherd's purse</def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A bulkhead in the hold of a vessel, to prevent grain, etc., from shifting.</def>

<cs><col>Pouch mouth</col>, <cd>a mouth with blubbered or swollen lips.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pouch</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pouch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pouched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pouching</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put or take into a pouch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To swallow; -- said of fowls.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pout.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To pocket; to put up with.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Pouched</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pouched</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having a marsupial pouch; <as>as, the <ex>pouched</ex> badger, or the wombat</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having external cheek pouches; <as>as, the <ex>pouched</ex> gopher</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Having internal cheek pouches; <as>as, the <ex>pouched</ex> squirrels</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Pouched dog</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Zebra wolf</cref>, under <er>Zebra</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pouched frog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the nototrema, the female of which has a dorsal pouch in which the eggs are hatched, and in which the young pass through their brief tadpole stage.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Pouched gopher</col>, &or; <col>Pouched rat</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Pocket gopher</cref>, under <er>Pocket</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pouched mouse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Pocket mouse</cref>, under <er>Pocket</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pouchet box</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pou"chet box`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Pouncet box</er>.</def>

<h1>Pouch-mouthed</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pouch"-mouthed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a pouch mouth; blobber-lipped.</def>

<h1>Pouchong</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pou*chong"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A superior kind of souchong tea.</def>

<i>De Colange.</i>

<h1>Pouch-shell</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pouch"-shell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small British and American pond snail (<spn>Bulinus hypnorum</spn>).</def>

<h1>Poudre</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pou"dre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Powder</er>.]</ety> <def>Dust; powder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>Poudre marchant</col> <ety>[see <er>Merchant</er>]</ety>, <cd>a kind of flavoring powder used in the Middle Ages. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Poudrette</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pou*drette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>poudre</ets> dust, powder. See <er>Powder</er>.]</ety> <def>A manure made from night soil, dried and mixed with charcoal, gypsum, etc.</def>

<h1>Poulaine</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pou*laine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. soulier \'85 la <ets>poulaine</ets>.]</ety> <def>A long pointed shoe. See <er>Cracowes</er>.</def>

<h1>Pouldavis</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Poul"da`vis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Poledavy</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Poulder</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Poul"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>Powder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pouldron</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Poul"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pauldron</er>.</def>

<h1>Poulp, Poulpe</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw><hw>Poulp</hw>, <hw>Poulpe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>poulpe</ets>, fr. L. <ets>polypus</ets>. See <er>Polyp</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Octopus</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Musk poulp</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a Mediterranean octopod (<spn>Eledone moschata</spn>) which emits a strong odor of musk.</cd></cs>

<h1>Poult</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Poult</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pulte</ets>, F. <ets>poulet</ets>, dim. of <ets>poule</ets> fowl. See <er>Pullet</er>.]</ety> <def>A young chicken, partridge, grouse, or the like.</def>

<i>King. Chapman.</i>

<blockquote>Starling the heath <b>poults</b> or black game.
<i>R. Jefferise.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Poulter</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Poul"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pulter</ets>. See <ets>Poult</ets>.]</ety> <def>A poulterer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Poulterer</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Poul"ter*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who deals in poultry.</def>

<h1>Poultice</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Poul"tice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>puls</ets>, pl. <ets>pultes</ets>, a thick pap; akin to Gr. <grk>po`ltos</grk>. Cf. <er>Pulse</er> seeds.]</ety> <def>A soft composition, as of bread, bran, or a mucilaginous substance, to be applied to sores, inflamed parts of the body, etc.; a cataplasm.</def> "<i>Poultice</i> relaxeth the pores."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Poultice</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Poul"tice</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Poulticed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Poulticing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To apply a poultice to; to dress with a poultice.</def>

<h1>Poultive</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Poul"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A poultice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Poultry</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Poul"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Poult</er>.]</ety> <def>Domestic fowls reared for the table, or for their eggs or feathers, such as cocks and hens, capons, turkeys, ducks, and geese.</def>

<h1>Pounce</h1>
<Xpage=1121>

<hw>Pounce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ponce</ets> pumice, pounce, fr. L. <ets>pumex</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, pumice. See <er>Pumice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fine powder, as of sandarac, or cuttlefish bone, -- formerly used to prevent ink from spreading on manuscript.</def>

<hr>
<page="1122">
Page 1122<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Charcoal dust, or some other colored powder for making patterns through perforated designs, -- used by embroiderers, lace makers, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Pounce box</col>, <cd>a box for sprinkling pounce.</cd> -- <col>Pounce paper</col>, <cd>a transparent paper for tracing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pounce</h1>
<Xpage=1122>

<hw>Pounce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pounded</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pouncing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To sprinkle or rub with pounce; <as>as, to <ex>pounce</ex> paper, or a pattern</as>.</def>

<h1>Pounce</h1>
<Xpage=1122>

<hw>Pounce</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. through French, from an assumed LL. <ets>punctiare</ets> to prick, L. <ets>pungere</ets>, <ets>punctum</ets>. See <er>Puncheon</er>, <er>Punch</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The claw or talon of a bird of prey.</def>

<i>Spenser. Burke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A punch or stamp.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A <i>pounce</i> to print money with."

<i>Withals.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Cloth worked in eyelet holes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Homilies.</i>

<h1>Pounce</h1>
<Xpage=1122>

<hw>Pounce</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike or seize with the talons; to pierce, as with the talons.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Stooped from his highest pitch to <b>pounce</b> a wren.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now <b>pounce</b> him lightly,
And as he roars and rages, let's go deeper.
<i>J. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To punch; to perforate; to stamp holes in, or dots on, by way of ornament.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Pounce</h1>
<Xpage=1122>

<hw>Pounce</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fall suddenly and seize with the claws; -- with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>; <as>as, a hawk <ex>pounces</ex> upon a chicken</as>. Also used figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>Derision is never so agonizing as when it <b>pounces</b> on the wanderings of misguided sensibility.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pounced</h1>
<Xpage=1122>

<hw>Pounced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Furnished with claws or talons; <as>as, the <ex>pounced</ex> young of the eagle</as>.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ornamented with perforations or dots.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Gilt bowls <i>pounced</i> and pierced."

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Pouncet box</h1>
<Xpage=1122>

<hw>Poun"cet box`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>poncette</ets>, fr. <ets>ponce</ets> pounce. See <er>Pounce</er> a powder.]</ety> <def>A box with a perforated lid, for sprinkling pounce, or for holding perfumes.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pouncing</h1>
<Xpage=1122>

<hw>Poun"cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art or practice of transferring a design by means of pounce.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Decorative perforation of cloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pound</h1>
<Xpage=1122>

<hw>Pound</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pounded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pounding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>pounen</ets>, AS. <ets>punian</ets> to bruise. Cf. <er>Pun</er> a play on words.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike repeatedly with some heavy instrument; to beat.</def>

<blockquote>With cruel blows she <b>pounds</b> her blubbered cheeks.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To comminute and pulverize by beating; to bruise or break into fine particles with a pestle or other heavy instrument; <as>as, to <ex>pound</ex> spice or salt</as>.</def>

<h1>Pound</h1>
<Xpage=1122>

<hw>Pound</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike heavy blows; to beat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>To make a jarring noise, as in running; <as>as, the engine <ex>pounds</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Pound</h1>
<Xpage=1122>

<hw>Pound</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>pund</ets> an inclosure: cf. <ets>forpyndan</ets> to turn away, or to repress, also Icel. <ets>pynda</ets> to extort, torment, Ir. <ets>pont</ets>, pond, pound. Cf. <er>Pinder</er>, <er>Pinfold</er>, <er>Pin</er> to inclose, <er>Pond</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inclosure, maintained by public authority, in which cattle or other animals are confined when taken in trespassing, or when going at large in violation of law; a pinfold.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A level stretch in a canal between locks.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Fishing)</fld> <def>A kind of net, having a large inclosure with a narrow entrance into which fish are directed by wings spreading outward.</def>

<cs><col>Pound covert</col>, <cd>a pound that is close or covered over, as a shed.</cd> -- <col>Pound overt</col>, <cd>a pound that is open overhead.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pound</h1>
<Xpage=1122>

<hw>Pound</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To confine in, or as in, a pound; to impound.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Pound</h1>
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<hw>Pound</hw>, <tt>n</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pounds</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, collectively <plw>Pound</plw> pr <plw>Pounds</plw></plu>. <ety>[AS. <ets>pund</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pondo</ets>, akin to <ets>pondus</ets> a weight, <ets>pendere</ets> top weigh. See <er>Pendant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A certain specified weight; especially, a legal standard consisting of an established number of ounces.</def>

<note>&hand; The pound in general use in the United States and in England is the <i>pound avoirdupois</i>, which is divided into sixteen ounces, and contains 7,000 grains. The <i>pound troy</i> is divided into twelve ounces, and contains 5,760 grains. 144 pounds avoirdupois are equal to 175 pounds troy weight. See <er>Avoirdupois</er>, and <er>Troy</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A British denomination of money of account, equivalent to twenty shillings sterling, and equal in value to about $4.86. There is no coin known by this name, but the gold sovereign is of the same value.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>pound</i> sterling was in Saxon times, about <sc>A. D.</sc> 671, a <i>pound</i> troy of silver, and a shilling was its twentieth part; consequently the latter was three times as large as it is at present.</note>

<i>Peacham.</i>

<h1>Poundage</h1>
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<hw>Pound"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sum deducted from a pound, or a certain sum paid for each pound; a commission.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A subsidy of twelve pence in the pound, formerly granted to the crown on all goods exported or imported, and if by aliens, more.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The sum allowed to a sheriff or other officer upon the amount realized by an execution; -- estimated in England, and formerly in the United States, at so much of the pound.</def>

<i>Burrill. Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Poundage</h1>
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<hw>Pound"age</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To collect, as poundage; to assess, or rate, by poundage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Poundage</h1>
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<hw>Pound"age</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 3d <er>Pound</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Confinement of cattle, or other animals, in a public pound.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A charge paid for the release of impounded cattle.</def>

<h1>Poundal</h1>
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<hw>Pound"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From 5th <er>Pound</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics & Mech.)</fld> <def>A unit of force based upon the pound, foot, and second, being the force which, acting on a pound avoirdupois for one second, causes it to acquire by the of that time a velocity of one foot per second. It is about equal to the weight of half an ounce, and is 13,825 dynes.</def>

<h1>Pound-breach</h1>
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<hw>Pound"-breach`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The breaking of a public pound for releasing impounded animals.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Poundcake</h1>
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<hw>Pound"cake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of rich, sweet cake; -- so called from the ingredients being used by pounds, or in equal quantities.</def>

<h1>Pounder</h1>
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<hw>Pound"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, pounds, as a stamp in an ore mill.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An instrument used for pounding; a pestle.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A person or thing, so called with reference to a certain number of pounds in value, weight, capacity, etc.; <as>as, a cannon carrying a twelve-pound ball is called a twelve <ex>pounder</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; Before the English reform act of 1867, one who was an elector by virtue of paying ten pounds rent was called a ten <i>pounder</i>.</note>

<h1>Pounding</h1>
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<hw>Pound"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of beating, bruising, or breaking up; a beating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pounded or pulverized substance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Covered with the <i>poundings</i> of these rocks."

<i>J. S. Blackie.</i>

<h1>Pound/keeper</h1>
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<hw>Pound/keep`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The keeper of a pound.</def>

<h1>Poundrate</h1>
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<hw>Pound"*rate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rate or proportion estimated at a certain amount for each pound; poundage.</def>

<h1>Poup</h1>
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<hw>Poup</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Powp</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Poupart's ligament</h1>
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<hw>Pou*part's" lig"a*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A ligament, of fascia, extending, in most mammals, from the ventral side of the ilium to near the symphysis of the pubic bones.</def>

<h1>Poupeton</h1>
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<hw>Pou"pe*ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Puppet</er>.]</ety> <def>A puppet, or little baby.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Palsgrave.</i>

<h1>Pour</h1>
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<hw>Pour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Poor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pour</h1>
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<hw>Pour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To pore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pour</h1>
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<hw>Pour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Poured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pouring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>pouren</ets>, of uncertain origin; cf. W. <ets>bwrw</ets> to cast, throw, shed, <ets>bwrw gwlaw</ets> to rain.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to flow in a stream, as a liquid or anything flowing like a liquid, either out of a vessel or into it; <as>as, to <ex>pour</ex> water from a pail; to <ex>pour</ex> wine into a decanter; to <ex>pour</ex> oil upon the waters; to <ex>pour</ex> out sand or dust.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To send forth as in a stream or a flood; to emit; to let escape freely or wholly.</def>

<blockquote>I . . . have <b>poured</b> out my soul before the Lord.
<i>1 Sam. i. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now will I shortly <b>pour</b> out my fury upon thee.
<i>Ezek. vii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>London doth <b>pour</b> out her citizens !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Wherefore did Nature <b>pour</b> her bounties forth
With such a full and unwithdrawing hand ?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To send forth from, as in a stream; to discharge uninterruptedly.</def>

<blockquote>Is it for thee the linnet <b>pours</b> his throat ?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pour</h1>
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<hw>Pour</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To flow, pass, or issue in a stream, or as a stream; to fall continuously and abundantly; <as>as, the rain <ex>pours</ex>; the people <ex>poured</ex> out of the theater.</as></def>

<blockquote>In the rude throng <b>pour</b> on with furious pace.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pour</h1>
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<hw>Pour</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stream, or something like a stream; a flood.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "A <i>pour</i> of rain."

<i>Miss Ferrier.</i>

<h1>Poureliche</h1>
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<hw>Poure"liche`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Poorly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pourer</h1>
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<hw>Pour"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pours.</def>

<h1>Pourlieu</h1>
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<hw>Pour"lieu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Purlieu</er>.</def>

<h1>Pourparler</h1>
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<hw>Pour`par`ler"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Diplomacy)</fld> <def>A consultation preliminary to a treaty.</def>

<h1>Pourparty</h1>
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<hw>Pour`par"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pourparties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Purparty</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A division; a divided share.</def>

<cs><col>To make pourparty</col>, <cd>to divide and apportion lands previously held in common.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pourpoint</h1>
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<hw>Pour"point</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A quilted military doublet or gambeson worn in the 14th and 15th centuries; also, a name for the doublet of the 16th and 17th centuries worn by civilians.</def>

<h1>Pourpresture</h1>
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<hw>Pour*pres"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Purpresture</er>.</def>

<h1>Poursuivant</h1>
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<hw>Pour"sui*vant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pursuivant</er>.</def>

<h1>Pourtray</h1>
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<hw>Pour*tray"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Portray</er>.</def>

<h1>Pourveyance</h1>
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<hw>Pour*vey"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Purveyance</er>.</def>

<h1>Pousse</h1>
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<hw>Pousse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pulse; pease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Poussette</h1>
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<hw>Pous*sette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., pushpin, fr. <ets>pousser</ets> to push. See <er>Push</er>.]</ety> <def>A movement, or part of a figure, in the contradance.</def>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Poussette</h1>
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<hw>Pous*sette"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To perform a certain movement in a dance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>Down the middle, up again, <b>poussette</b>, and cross.
<i>J. & H. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pout</h1>
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<hw>Pout</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>poulet</ets>. See <er>Poult</er>.]</ety> <def>The young of some birds, as grouse; a young fowl.</def>

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Pout</h1>
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<hw>Pout</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To shoot pouts.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Pout</h1>
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<hw>Pout</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pouted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pouting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>pouten</ets>, of uncertain origin; cf. Prov. <ets>pot</ets> lip, Prov. F. <ets>potte</ets>, faire la <ets>potte</ets> to pout, W. <ets>pwdu</ets> to pout, be sullen, <ets>poten</ets>, <ets>potten</ets>, a paunch, belly.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To thrust out the lips, as in sullenness or displeasure; hence, to look sullen.</def>

<blockquote>Thou <b>poutest</b> upon thy fortune and thy love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>2</h1>
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<hw>2</hw> <def>To protrude.</def> "<i>Pouting</i> lips."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Pout</h1>
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<hw>Pout</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sullen protrusion of the lips; a fit of sullenness.</def> "Jack's in the <i>pouts</i>."

<i>J. & H. Smith.</i>

<h1>Pout</h1>
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<hw>Pout</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Eelpout</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European whiting pout or bib.</def>

<cs><col>Eel pout</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Eelpout</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Horn pout</col>, &or; <col>Horned pout</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Bullhead</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pouter</h1>
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<hw>Pout"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, pouts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. E. <ets>pout</ets>, and G. <ets>puter</ets> turkey.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A variety of the domestic pigeon remarkable for the extent to which it is able to dilate its throat and breast.</def>

<h1>Pouting</h1>
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<hw>Pout"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Childish sullenness.</def>

<h1>Poutingly</h1>
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<hw>Pout"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pouting, or a sullen, manner.</def>

<h1>Povert</h1>
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<hw>Pov"ert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Poverty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Poverty</h1>
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<hw>Pov"er*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>poverte</ets>, OF. <ets>povert\'82</ets>, F. <ets>pauvret\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>paupertas</ets>, fr. <ets>pauper</ets> poor. See <er>Poor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being poor or indigent; want or scarcity of means of subsistence; indigence; need.</def> "Swathed in numblest <i>poverty</i>."

<i>Keble.</i>

<blockquote>The drunkard and the glutton shall come to <b>poverty</b>.
<i>Prov. xxiii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any deficiency of elements or resources that are needed or desired, or that constitute richness; <as>as, <ex>poverty</ex> of soil; <ex>poverty</ex> of the blood; <ex>poverty</ex> of ideas.</as></def>

<cs><col>Poverty grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to several slender grasses (as <spn>Aristida dichotoma</spn>, and <spn>Danthonia spicata</spn>) which often spring up on old and worn-out fields.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Indigence; penury; beggary; need; lack; want; scantiness; sparingness; meagerness; jejuneness.</syn> <usage> <er>Poverty</er>, <er>Indigence</er>, <er>Pauperism</er>. <i>Poverty</i> is a relative term; what is <i>poverty</i> to a monarch, would be competence for a day laborer. <i>Indigence</i> implies extreme distress, and almost absolute destitution. <i>Pauperism</i> denotes entire dependence upon public charity, and, therefore, often a hopeless and degraded state.</usage>

<h1>Powan, Powen</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pow"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pow"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small British lake whitefish (<spn>Coregonus clupeoides</spn>, or <spn>C. ferus</spn>); -- called also <altname>gwyniad</altname> and <altname>lake herring</altname>.</def>

<h1>Powder</h1>
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<hw>Pow"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>poudre</ets>, <ets>pouldre</ets>, F. <ets>poudre</ets>, OF. also <ets>poldre</ets>, <ets>puldre</ets>, L. <ets>pulvis</ets>, <ets>pulveris</ets>: cf. <ets>pollen</ets> fine flour, mill dust, E. <ets>pollen</ets>. Cf. <er>Polverine</er>, <er>Pulverize</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fine particles to which any dry substance is reduced by pounding, grinding, or triturating, or into which it falls by decay; dust.</def>

<blockquote>Grind their bones to <b>powder</b> small.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An explosive mixture used in gunnery, blasting, etc.; gunpowder. See <er>Gunpowder</er>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Atlas powder</col>, <col>Baking powder</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Atlas</er>, <er>Baking</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Powder down</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the peculiar dust, or exfoliation, of powder-down feathers.</cd> -- <col>Powder-down feather</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of a peculiar kind of modified feathers which sometimes form patches on certain parts of some birds. They have a greasy texture and a scaly exfoliation.</cd> -- <col>Powder-down patch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a tuft or patch of powder-down feathers.</cd> -- <col>Powder hose</col>, <cd>a tube of strong linen, about an inch in diameter, filled with powder and used in firing mines. <i>Farrow</i>.</cd> -- <col>Powder hoy</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a vessel specially fitted to carry powder for the supply of war ships. They are usually painted red and carry a red flag.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Powder magazine</col>, &or; <col>Powder room</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Magazine</er>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Powder mine</col>, <cd>a mine exploded by gunpowder. See <er>Mine</er>.</cd> -- <col>Powder monkey</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a boy formerly employed on war vessels to carry powder; a powder boy.</cd> -- <col>Powder post</col>. <cd>See <cref>Dry rot</cref>, under <er>Dry</er>.</cd> -- <col>Powder puff</col>. <cd>See <er>Puff</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Powder</h1>
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<hw>Pow"der</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Powdered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Powdering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>poudrer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce to fine particles; to pound, grind, or rub into a powder; to comminute; to pulverize; to triturate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sprinkle with powder, or as with powder; to be sprinkle; <as>as, to <ex>powder</ex> the hair</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A circling zone thou seest
<b>Powdered</b> with stars.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To sprinkle with salt; to corn, as meat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Powder</h1>
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<hw>Pow"der</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be reduced to powder; to become like powder; <as>as, some salts <ex>powder</ex> easily</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To use powder on the hair or skin; <as>as, she paints and <ex>powders</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Powdered</h1>
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<hw>Pow"dered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Reduced to a powder; sprinkled with, or as with, powder.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sprinkled with salt; salted; corned.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Powdered</b> beef, pickled meats.
<i>Harvey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Sem\'82</er>.</def>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Powderflask</h1>
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<hw>Pow"der*flask`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flask in which gunpowder is carried, having a charging tube at the end.</def>

<h1>Powderhorn</h1>
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<hw>Pow"der*horn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A horn in which gunpowder is carried.</def>

<h1>Powdering</h1>
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<hw>Pow"der*ing</hw>, <def><tt>a. & n.</tt> from <er>Powder</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Powdering tub</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A tub or vessel in which meat is corned or salted</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A heated tub in which an infected lecher was placed for cure</cd>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Powdermill</h1>
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<hw>Pow"der*mill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A mill in which gunpowder is made.</def>

<h1>Powder-posted</h1>
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<hw>Pow"der-post`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with dry rot; reduced to dust by rot. See <cref>Dry rot</cref>, under <er>Dry</er>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Powdery</h1>
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<hw>Pow"der*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Easily crumbling to pieces; friable; loose; <as>as, a <ex>powdery</ex> spar</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sprinkled or covered with powder; dusty; <as>as, the <ex>powdery</ex> bloom on plums</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Resembling powder; consisting of powder.</def> "The <i>powdery</i> snow."

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<h1>Powdike</h1>
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<hw>Pow"dike</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>pow</ets>, <ets>pou</ets>, a pool, a watery or marshy place, fr. E. <ets>pool</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dike a marsh or fen.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Powdry</h1>
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<hw>Pow"dry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Powdery</er>.</def>

<h1>Power</h1>
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<hw>Pow"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Poor</er>, the fish.</def>

<h1>Power</h1>
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<hw>Pow"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pouer</ets>, <ets>poer</ets>, OF. <ets>poeir</ets>, <ets>pooir</ets>, F. <ets>pouvoir</ets>, n. & v., fr. LL. <ets>potere</ets>, for L. <ets>posse</ets>, <ets>potesse</ets>, to be able, to have power. See <er>Possible</er>, <er>Potent</er>, and cf. <er>Posse comitatus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ability to act, regarded as latent or inherent; the faculty of doing or performing something; capacity for action or performance; capability of producing an effect, whether physical or moral: potency; might; <as>as, a man of great <ex>power</ex>; the <ex>power</ex> of capillary attraction; money gives <ex>power</ex>.</as></def> "One next himself in <i>power</i>, and next in crime."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ability, regarded as put forth or exerted; strength, force, or energy in action; <as>as, the <ex>power</ex> of steam in moving an engine; the <ex>power</ex> of truth, or of argument, in producing conviction; the <ex>power</ex> of enthusiasm.</as></def> "The <i>power</i> of fancy."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Capacity of undergoing or suffering; fitness to be acted upon; susceptibility; -- called also <altname>passive power</altname>; <as>as, great <ex>power</ex> of endurance</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Power</b>, then, is active and passive; faculty is active <b>power</b> or capacity; capacity is passive <b>power</b>.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The exercise of a faculty; the employment of strength; the exercise of any kind of control; influence; dominion; sway; command; government.</def>

<blockquote><b>Power</b> is no blessing in itself but when it is employed to protect the innocent.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The agent exercising an ability to act; an individual invested with authority; an institution, or government, which exercises control; <as>as, the great <ex>powers</ex> of Europe</as>; hence, often, a superhuman agent; a spirit; a divinity.</def> "The <i>powers</i> of darkness."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>And the <b>powers</b> of the heavens shall be shaken.
<i>Matt. xxiv. 29.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A military or naval force; an army or navy; a great host.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Never such a <b>power</b> . . .
Was levied in the body of a land.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
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<p><b>7.</b> <def>A large quantity; a great number; <as>as, a <ex>power</ex> o<?/ good things</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rate at which mechanical energy is exerted or mechanical work performed, as by an engine or other machine, or an animal, working continuously; <as>as, an engine of twenty horse <ex>power</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; The English unit of power used most commonly is the <i>horse power</i>. See <er>Horse power</er>.</note>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A mechanical agent; that from which useful mechanical energy is derived; <as>as, water <ex>power</ex>; steam <ex>power</ex>; hand <ex>power</ex>, etc.</as></def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Applied force; force producing motion or pressure; as, the <i>power</i> applied at one and of a lever to lift a weight at the other end</def>.

<note>&hand; This use in mechanics, of <i>power</i> as a synonym for <i>force</i>, is improper and is becoming obsolete.</note>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>A machine acted upon by an animal, and serving as a motor to drive other machinery; <as>as, a dog <ex>power</ex></as></def>.

<note>&hand; <i>Power</i> is used adjectively, denoting, driven, or adapted to be driven, by machinery, and not actuated directly by the hand or foot; as, a <i>power</i> lathe; a <i>power</i> loom; a <i>power</i> press.</note>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The product arising from the multiplication of a number into itself; <as>as, a square is the second <ex>power</ex>, and a cube is third <ex>power</ex>, of a number</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Mental or moral ability to act; one of the faculties which are possessed by the mind or soul; <as>as, the <ex>power</ex> of thinking, reasoning, judging, willing, fearing, hoping, etc</as>.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<blockquote>The guiltiness of my mind, the sudden surprise of my <b>powers</b>, drove the grossness . . . into a received belief.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Optics)</fld> <def>The degree to which a lens, mirror, or any optical instrument, magnifies; in the telescope, and usually in the microscope, the number of times it multiplies, or augments, the apparent diameter of an object; sometimes, in microscopes, the number of times it multiplies the apparent surface.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An authority enabling a person to dispose of an interest vested either in himself or in another person; ownership by appointment.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<p><b>13.</b> <def>Hence, vested authority to act in a given case; <as>as, the business was referred to a committee with <ex>power</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Power</i> may be predicated of inanimate agents, like the winds and waves, electricity and magnetism, gravitation, etc., or of animal and intelligent beings; and when predicated of these beings, it may indicate physical, mental, or moral ability or capacity.</note>

<cs><col>Mechanical powers</col>. <cd>See under <er>Mechanical</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Power loom</col>, &or; <col>Power press</col></mcol>. <cd>See Def. 8 <sd>(d)</sd>, note.</cd> -- <col>Power of attorney</col>. <cd>See under <er>Attorney</er>.</cd> -- <col>Power of a point</col> (relative to a given curve) <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the result of substituting the co\'94rdinates of any point in that expression which being put equal to zero forms the equation of the curve; as, <mathex>x<exp>2</exp> + y<exp>2</exp> - 100</mathex> is the <i>power of the point</i> <it>x, y</it>, relative to the circle <mathex>x<exp>2</exp> + y<exp>2</exp> - 100 = 0</mathex>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Powerable</h1>
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<hw>Pow"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being effected or accomplished by the application of power; possible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Young.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of exerting power; powerful.</def>

<i>Camden.</i>

<h1>Powerful</h1>
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<hw>Pow"er*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of power; capable of producing great effects of any kind; potent; mighty; efficacious; intense; <as>as, a <ex>powerful</ex> man or beast; a <ex>powerful</ex> engine; a <ex>powerful</ex> argument; a <ex>powerful</ex> light; a <ex>powerful</ex> vessel.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>powerful</b> grace that lies
In herbs, plants, stones, and their true qualities.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Large; capacious; -- said of veins of ore.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Mighty; strong; potent; forcible; efficacious; energetic; intense.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pow"er*ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pow"er*ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Powerless</h1>
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<hw>Pow"er*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of power, force, or energy; weak; impotent; not able to produce any effect.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pow"er*less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pow"er*less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Powldron</h1>
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<hw>Powl"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>espauleron</ets>, from <ets>espaule</ets> shoulder, F. <ets>\'82paule</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Pauldron</er>.</def>

<h1>Powp</h1>
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<hw>Powp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Poop</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Powter</h1>
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<hw>Pow"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Pouter</er>.</def>

<h1>Powpow</h1>
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<hw>Pow"pow`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A priest, or conjurer, among the North American Indians.</def>

<blockquote>Be it sagamore, sachem, or <b>powwow</b>.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conjuration attended with great noise and confusion, and often with feasting, dancing, etc., performed by Indians for the cure of diseases, to procure success in hunting or in war, and for other purposes.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: Any assembly characterized by noise and confusion; a noisy frolic or gathering.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<-- 4. Any meeting assembled to discuss an issue; a parley. -->

<h1>Powwow</h1>
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<hw>Pow"wow`</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To use conjuration, with noise and confusion, for the cure of disease, etc., as among the North American Indians.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: To hold a noisy, disorderly meeting.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<-- 4. To hold a meeting to discuss an issue. -->

<h1>Pox</h1>
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<hw>Pox</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>pocks</ets>, OE. <ets>pokkes</ets>. See <er>Pock</er>. It is plural in form but is used as a singular.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Strictly, a disease by pustules or eruptions of any kind, but chiefly or wholly restricted to three or four diseases, -- the smallpox, the chicken pox, and the vaccine and the venereal diseases.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Pox</i>, when used without an epithet, as in imprecations, formerly signified <i>smallpox</i>; but it now signifies <i>syphilis</i>.</note>

<h1>Pox</h1>
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<hw>Pox</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Poxed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Poxing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To infect with the pox, or syphilis.</def>

<h1>Poy</h1>
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<hw>Poy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>apui</ets>, <ets>apoi</ets>, a support, prop., staff, F. <ets>appui</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>apuier</ets>, <ets>apoier</ets>, to support, F. <ets>appuyer</ets>, fr. <ets>\'85</ets> to (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>pui</ets>, <ets>poi</ets>, a rising ground, hill, L. <ets>podium</ets>. See <er>Podium</er>, <er>Pew</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A support; -- used in composition; <as>as, tea<ex>poy</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A ropedancer's balancing pole.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A long boat hook by which barges are propelled against the stream.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Poynado</h1>
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<hw>Poy*na"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A poniard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Lyly.</i>

<mhw><h1>Poynd, v., Poynder</h1>
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<hw>Poynd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt>, <hw>Poynd"er</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></mhw> <def>See <er>Poind</er>, <er>Poinder</er>.</def>

<h1>Poy nette</h1>
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<hw>Poy nette"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Point</er>.]</ety> <def>A bodkin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Poyntel</h1>
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<hw>Poyn"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pointal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Paving or flooring made of small squares or lozenges set diagonally.</def> <altsp>[Formerly written <asp>pointal</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Poyou</h1>
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<hw>Poy"ou</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American armadillo (<spn>Dasypus sexcinctus</spn>). Called also <altname>sixbanded armadillo</altname>.</def>

<h1>Poze</h1>
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<hw>Poze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See 5th <er>Pose</er>.</def>

<h1>Pozzuolana, Pozzolana</h1>
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<hw><hw>Poz`zu*o*la"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Poz`zo*la"*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>Volcanic ashes from Pozzuoli, in Italy, used in the manufacture of a kind of mortar which hardens under water.</def>

<h1>Praam</h1>
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<hw>Praam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>praam</ets>; cf. G. <ets>prahm</ets>, F. <ets>prame</ets>; all of Slavonic origin, from a word akin to E. <ets>fare</ets>. See <er>Fare</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A flat-bottomed boat or lighter, -- used in Holland and the Baltic, and sometimes armed in case of war.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pram</asp>, and <asp>prame</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Practic</h1>
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<hw>Prac"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Practical</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Practical.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Artful; deceitful; skillful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Cunning sleights and <i>practick</i> knavery."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Practicability</h1>
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<hw>Prac"ti*ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being practicable; practicableness; feasibility.</def> "The <i>practicability</i> of such a project."

<i>Stewart.</i>

<h1>Practicable</h1>
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<hw>Prac"ti*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>practicare</ets> to act, transact, fr. L. <ets>practicus</ets> active, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>practicable</ets>, <ets>pratiquer</ets> to practice. See <er>Practical</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That may be practiced or performed; capable of being done or accomplished with available means or resources; feasible; <as>as, a <ex>practicable</ex> method; a <ex>practicable</ex> aim; a <ex>practicable</ex> good.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being used; passable; <as>as, a <ex>practicable</ex> weapon; a <ex>practicable</ex> road.</as></def>

<cs><col>Practicable breach</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a breach which admits of approach and entrance by an assailing party.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Possible; feasible. -- <er>Practicable</er>, <er>Possible</er>. A thing may be <i>possible</i>, i. e., not forbidden by any law of nature, and yet may not now be <i>practicable</i> for want of the means requisite to its performance.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Prac"ti*ca*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Prac"ti*ca*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Practical</h1>
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<hw>Prac"ti*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>practicus</ets> active, Gr. <?/ fit for doing or performing, practical, active, fr. <?/ to do, work, effect: cf. F. <ets>pratique</ets>, formerly also <ets>practique</ets>. Cf. <er>Pragmatic</er>, <er>Practice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to practice or action.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being turned to use or account; useful, in distinction from <contr>ideal</contr> or <contr>theoretical</contr>; <as>as, <ex>practical</ex> chemistry</as>.</def> "Man's <i>practical</i> understanding." <i>South</i>. "For all <i>practical</i> purposes." <i>Macaulay</i>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Evincing practice or skill; capable of applying knowledge to some useful end; <as>as, a <ex>practical</ex> man; a <ex>practical</ex> mind.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Derived from practice; <as>as, <ex>practical</ex> skill</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Practical joke</col>, <cd>a joke put in practice; a joke the fun of which consists in something done, in distinction from something said; esp., a trick played upon a person.</cd></cs>

<h1>Practicality</h1>
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<hw>Prac`ti*cal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being practical; practicalness.</def>

<h1>Practically</h1>
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<hw>Prac"ti*cal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>1. In a practical way; not theoretically; really; <as>as, to look at things <ex>practically</ex>; <ex>practically</ex> worthless.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>By means of practice or use; by experience or experiment; <as>as, <ex>practically</ex> wise or skillful; <ex>practically</ex> acquainted with a subject.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In practice or use; <as>as, a medicine <ex>practically</ex> safe; theoretically wrong, but <ex>practically</ex> right.</as></def>

<-- <p><b>4.</b> <def>Almost.</def> -->

<h1>Practicalness</h1>
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<hw>Prac"ti*cal*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Practicality</er>.</def>

<h1>Practicalize</h1>
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<hw>Prac"ti*cal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render practical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Practicalizing</i> influences."

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Practice</h1>
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<hw>Prac"tice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>praktike</ets>, <ets>practique</ets>, F. <ets>pratique</ets>, formerly also, <ets>practique</ets>, LL. <ets>practica</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ practical. See <er>Practical</er>, and cf. <er>Pratique</er>, <er>Pretty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Frequently repeated or customary action; habitual performance; a succession of acts of a similar kind; usage; habit; custom; <as>as, the <ex>practice</ex> of rising early; the <ex>practice</ex> of making regular entries of accounts; the <ex>practice</ex> of daily exercise.</as></def>
<-- also commonly practise -->

<blockquote>A heart . . . exercised with covetous <b>practices</b>.
<i>2 Pet. ii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Customary or constant use; state of being used.</def>

<blockquote>Obsolete words may be revived when they are more sounding or more significant than those in <b>practice</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Skill or dexterity acquired by use; expertness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "His nice fence and his active <i>practice</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Actual performance; application of knowledge; -- opposed to <i>theory</i>.</def>

<blockquote>There are two functions of the soul, -- contemplation and <b>practice</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is a distinction, but no opposition, between theory and <b>practice</b>; each, to a certain extent, supposes the other; theory is dependent on <b>practice</b>; <b>practice</b> must have preceded theory.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Systematic exercise for instruction or discipline; <as>as, the troops are called out for <ex>practice</ex>; she neglected <ex>practice</ex> in music.</as></def>
<-- practice makes perfect.  MW10 2a. -->

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Application of science to the wants of men; the exercise of any profession; professional business; <as>as, the <ex>practice</ex> of medicine or law; a large or lucrative <ex>practice</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Practice</b> is exercise of an art, or the application of a science in life, which application is itself an art.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Skillful or artful management; dexterity in contrivance or the use of means; art; stratagem; artifice; plot; -- usually in a bad sense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>He sought to have that by <b>practice</b> which he could not by prayer.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A easy and concise method of applying the rules of arithmetic to questions which occur in trade and business.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The form, manner, and order of conducting and carrying on suits and prosecutions through their various stages, according to the principles of law and the rules laid down by the courts.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Custom; usage; habit; manner.</syn>

<h1>Practice</h1>
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<hw>Prac"tice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Practiced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Practicing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Often written <ets>practise</ets>, <ets>practised</ets>, <ets>practising</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To do or perform frequently, customarily, or habitually; to make a practice of; <as>as, to <ex>practice</ex> gaming</as>.</def> "Incline not my heart . . . <i>practice</i> wicked works."
<-- also commonly practise -->

<i>Ps. cxli. 4.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exercise, or follow, as a profession, trade, art, etc., <as>as, to <ex>practice</ex> law or medicine</as>.</def><-- MW10 1c. -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exercise one's self in, for instruction or improvement, or to acquire discipline or dexterity; <as>as, to <ex>practice</ex> gunnery; to <ex>practice</ex> music.</as></def>
<-- MW10 2a -->

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To put into practice; to carry out; to act upon; to commit; to execute; to do.</def> "Aught but Talbot's shadow whereon to <i>practice</i> your severity."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>As this advice ye <b>practice</b> or neglect.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To make use of; to employ.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In malice to this good knight's wife, I <b>practiced</b> Ubaldo and Ricardo to corrupt her.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To teach or accustom by practice; to train.</def>

<blockquote>In church they are taught to love God; after church they are <b>practiced</b> to love their neighbor.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Practice</h1>
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<hw>Prac"tice</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Often written <ets>practise</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To perform certain acts frequently or customarily, either for instruction, profit, or amusement; <as>as, to <ex>practice</ex> with the broadsword or with the rifle; to <ex>practice</ex> on the piano.</as></def>
<-- also commonly <asp>practise</asp> -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To learn by practice; to form a habit.</def>

<blockquote>They shall <b>practice</b> how to live secure.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Practice</b> first over yourself to reign.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To try artifices or stratagems.</def>

<blockquote>He will <b>practice</b> against thee by poison.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To apply theoretical science or knowledge, esp. by way of experiment; to exercise or pursue an employment or profession, esp. that of medicine or of law.</def>

<blockquote>[I am] little inclined to <b>practice</b> on others, and as little that others should <b>practice</b> on me.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Practiced</h1>
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<hw>Prac"ticed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Often written <ets>practised</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Experienced; expert; skilled; <as>as, a <ex>practiced</ex> marksman</as>.</def> "A <i>practiced</i> picklock."

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Used habitually; learned by practice.</def>

<h1>Practicer</h1>
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<hw>Prac"ti*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Often written <ets>practiser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who practices, or puts in practice; one who customarily performs certain acts.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who exercises a profession; a practitioner.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who uses art or stratagem.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Practician</h1>
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<hw>Prac*ti"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>praticien</ets>, OF. also <ets>practicien</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who is acquainted with, or skilled in, anything by practice; a practitioner.</def>

<h1>Practick</h1>
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<hw>Prac"tick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Practice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Practisant</h1>
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<hw>Prac"ti*sant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An agent or confederate in treachery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Practise</h1>
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<hw>Prac"tise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Practice</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The analogy of the English language requires that the noun and verb which are pronounced alike should agree in spelling. Thus we have <i>notice</i> (n. & v.), <i>noticed</i>, <i>noticing</i>, <i>noticer</i>; <i>poultice</i> (n. & v.); <i>apprentice</i> (n. & v.); <i>office</i> (n. & v.), <i>officer</i> (n.); <i>lattice</i> (n.), <i>latticed</i> (a.); <i>benefice</i> (n.), <i>beneficed</i> (a.), etc. Cf. <i>sacrifice</i> (<?/; n. & v.), <i>surmise</i> (<?/; n. & v.), <i>promise</i> (<?/; n. & v.); <i>compromise</i> (<?/; n. & v.), etc. Contrast <i>advice</i> (<?/; n.), and <i>advise</i> (<?/); <i>device</i> (<?/), and <i>devise</i> (<?/), etc.</note>

<h1>Practisour</h1>
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<hw>Prac"ti*sour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A practitioner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Practitioner</h1>
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<hw>Prac*ti"tion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Practician</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is engaged in the actual use or exercise of any art or profession, particularly that of law or medicine.</def>

<i>Crabbe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who does anything customarily or habitually.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sly or artful person.</def>

<i>Whitgift.</i>

<cs><col>General practitioner</col>. <cd>See under <er>General</er>, 2.</cd></cs>

<h1>Practive</h1>
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<hw>Prac"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Doing; active.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Sylvester</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Prac"tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<blockquote>The preacher and the people both,
Then <b>practively</b> did thrive.
<i>Warner.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prad</h1>
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<hw>Prad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>paard</ets>.]</ety> <def>A horse.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Pr\'91-</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A prefix. See <er>Pre-</er>.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91cava</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91"ca`va</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pre-</er>, and 1st <er>Cave</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The superior vena cava.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pr\'91"ca`val</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Pr\'91cipe</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91c"i*pe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., imperative of <ets>praecipere</ets> to give rules or precepts. See <er>Precept</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A writ commanding something to be done, or requiring a reason for neglecting it.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A paper containing the particulars of a writ, lodged in the office out of which the writ is to be issued.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Pr\'91coces</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91"co*ces</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Precocious</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of birds including those whose young are able to run about when first hatched.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91cocial</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91*co"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pr\'91coces.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91cognita</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91*cog"ni*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecognitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praecognoscere</ets> to foreknow. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Cognition</er>.]</ety> <def>This previously known, or which should be known in order to understand something else.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91commissure</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91*com"mis*sure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pr\'91 + commissure</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A transverse commissure in the anterior part of the third ventricle of the brain; the anterior cerebral commissure.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91coracoid</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91*cor"a*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Precoracoid</er>.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91cordia</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91*cor"di*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>cor</ets>, <ets>cordis</ets>, the heart.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The front part of the thoracic region; the epigastrium.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91cordial</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91*cor"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Precordial</er>.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91cornu</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91*cor"nu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pr\'91cornua</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Cornu</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The anterior horn of each lateral ventricle of the brain.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Pr\'91dial</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Predial</er>.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91floration</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91`flo*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Prefloration</er>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<hr>
<page="1124">
Page 1124<p>

<h1>Pr\'91foliation</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91*fo`li*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Prefoliation</er>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Pr\'91maxilla</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91`max*il"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Premaxilla</er>.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91molar</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91*mo"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Premolar</er>.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91morse</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91*morse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Premorse</er>.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91munire</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91m`u*ni"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted from L. <ets>praemonere</ets> to forewarn, cite. See <er>Admonish</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The offense of introducing foreign authority into England, the penalties for which were originally intended to depress the civil power of the pope in the kingdom.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The writ grounded on that offense.</def> <i>Wharton</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The penalty ascribed for the offense of <i>pr\'91munire</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Wolsey incurred a <b>pr\'91munire</b>, and forfeited his honor, estate, and life.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The penalties of <i>pr\'91munire</i> were subsequently applied to many other offenses; but prosecutions upon a <i>pr\'91munire</i> are at this day unheard of in the English courts.</note>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Pr\'91mnire</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91m`*ni"re</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The subject to the penalties of pr\'91munire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Ward.</i>

<h1>Pr\'91munitory</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91*mu"ni*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Premunitory</er>.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91nares</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91*na"res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pre-</er>, <er>Nares</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The anterior nares. See <er>Nares</er>.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Pr\'91nasal</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91*na"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Prenasal</er>.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91nomen</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91*no"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pr\'91nomina</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>nomen</ets> name.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The first name of a person, by which individuals of the same family were distinguished, answering to our <i>Christian name</i>, as Caius, Lucius, Marcus, etc.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91nominical</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91`no*min"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a pr\'91nomen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>M. A. Lower.</i>

<h1>Pr\'91operculum</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91`o*per"cu*lum</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Preoperculum</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pr\'91`o*per"cu*lar</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pr\'91oral, n., Pr\'91pubis, n., Pr\'91scapula, n., Pr\'91scutum, n., Pr\'91sternum</h1>
<Xpage=1124>

<hw>Pr\'91*o"ral</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Pr\'91*pu"bis</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Pr\'91*scap"u*la</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Pr\'91*scu"tum</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Pr\'91*ster"num</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Preoral</er>, <er>Prepubis</er>, <er>Prescapula</er>, etc.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91ter-</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91"ter-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A prefix. See <er>Preter-</er>.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91terist</h1>
<Xpage=1124>

<hw>Pr\'91t"er*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Preterist</er>.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91termit</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91`ter*mit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Pretermit</er>.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91texta</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91*tex"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pr\'91text\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Pr\'91textas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. (sc. <ets>toga</ets>), fr. <ets>praetextus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praetexere</ets> to weave before, to fringe, border; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>texere</ets> to weave.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A white robe with a purple border, worn by a Roman boy before he was entitled to wear the <i>toga virilis</i>, or until about the completion of his fourteenth year, and by girls until their marriage. It was also worn by magistrates and priests.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91tor</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pretor</er>.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91tores</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91*to"res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pretor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of butterflies including the satyrs.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91torian</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91*to"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Pretorian</er>.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91torium</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91*to"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pretorium</er>.</def>

<h1>Pr\'91zygapophysis</h1>
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<hw>Pr\'91*zyg`a*poph"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Prezygapophysis</er>.</def>

<h1>Pragmatic, Pragmatical</h1>
<Xpage=1124>

<hw><hw>Prag*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Prag*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pragmaticus</ets> busy, active, skilled in business, especially in law and state affairs, systematic, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a thing done, business, fr. <?/ to do: cf. F. <ets>pragmatique</ets>. See <er>Practical</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to business or to affairs; of the nature of business; practical; material; businesslike in habit or manner.</def>

<blockquote>The next day . . . I began to be very <b>pragmatical</b>.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We can not always be contemplative, diligent, or <b>pragmatical</b>, abroad; but have need of some delightful intermissions.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Low, <b>pragmatical</b>, earthly views of the gospel.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Busy; specifically, busy in an objectionable way; officious; fussy and positive; meddlesome.</def> "<i>Pragmatical</i> officers of justice."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<blockquote>The fellow grew so <b>pragmatical</b> that he took upon him the government of my whole family.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Philosophical; dealing with causes, reasons, and effects, rather than with details and circumstances; -- said of literature.</def> "<i>Pragmatic</i> history." <i>Sir W. Hamilton</i>. "<i>Pragmatic</i> poetry." <i>M. Arnold</i>.

<cs><col>Pragmatic sanction</col>, <cd>a solemn ordinance or decree issued by the head or legislature of a state upon weighty matters; -- a term derived from the Byzantine empire. In European history, two decrees under this name are particularly celebrated. One of these, issued by Charles VII. of France, <sc>A. D.</sc> 1438, was the foundation of the liberties of the Gallican church; the other, issued by Charles VI. of Germany, <sc>A. D.</sc> 1724, settled his hereditary dominions on his eldest daughter, the Archduchess Maria Theresa.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pragmatic</h1>
<Xpage=1124>

<hw>Prag*mat"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One skilled in affairs.</def>

<blockquote>My attorney and solicitor too; a fine <b>pragmatic</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A solemn public ordinance or decree.</def>

<blockquote>A royal <b>pragmatic</b> was accordingly passed.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pragmatically</h1>
<Xpage=1124>

<hw>Prag*mat"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pragmatical manner.</def>

<h1>Pragmaticalness</h1>
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<hw>Prag*mat"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being pragmatical.</def>

<h1>Pragmatism</h1>
<Xpage=1124>

<hw>Prag"ma*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being pragmatic; in literature, the pragmatic, or philosophical, method.</def>

<blockquote>The narration of this apparently trifling circumstance belongs to the <b>pragmatism</b> of the history.
<i>A. Murphy.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pragmatist</h1>
<Xpage=1124>

<hw>Prag"ma*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is pragmatic.</def>

<h1>Pragmatize</h1>
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<hw>Prag"ma*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To consider, represent, or embody (something unreal) as fact; to materialize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A <i>pragmatized</i> metaphor."

<i>Tylor.</i>

<h1>Prairial</h1>
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<hw>Prai`ri`al"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>prairie</ets> meadow.]</ety> <def>The ninth month of the French Republican calendar, which dated from September 22, 1792. It began May, 20, and ended June 18. See <er>Vendemiaire</er>.</def>

<h1>Prairie</h1>
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<hw>Prai"rie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., an extensive meadow, OF. <ets>praerie</ets>, LL. <ets>prataria</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pratum</ets> a meadow.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An extensive tract of level or rolling land, destitute of trees, covered with coarse grass, and usually characterized by a deep, fertile soil. They abound throughout the Mississippi valley, between the Alleghanies and the Rocky mountains.</def>

<blockquote>From the forests and the <b>prairies</b>,
From the great lakes of the northland.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A meadow or tract of grass; especially, a so called natural meadow.</def>

<cs><col>Prairie chicken</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any American grouse of the genus <spn>Tympanuchus</spn>, especially <spn>T. Americanus</spn> (formerly <spn>T. cupido</spn>), which inhabits the prairies of the central United States. Applied also to the sharp-tailed grouse.</cd> -- <col>Prairie clover</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any plant of the leguminous genus <spn>Petalostemon</spn>, having small rosy or white flowers in dense terminal heads or spikes. Several species occur in the prairies of the United States.</cd> -- <col>Prairie dock</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coarse composite plant (<spn>Silphium terebinthaceum</spn>) with large rough leaves and yellow flowers, found in the Western prairies.</cd> -- <col>Prairie dog</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small American rodent (<spn>Cynomys Ludovicianus</spn>) allied to the marmots. It inhabits the plains west of the Mississippi. The prairie dogs burrow in the ground in large warrens, and have a sharp bark like that of a dog. Called also <altname>prairie marmot</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Prairie grouse</col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Prairie chicken</cref>, above.</cd> -- <col>Prairie hare</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large long-eared Western hare (<spn>Lepus campestris</spn>). See <cref>Jack rabbit</cref>, under 2d <er>Jack</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Prairie hawk</col>, <col>Prairie falcon</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a falcon of Western North America (<spn>Falco Mexicanus</spn>). The upper parts are brown. The tail has transverse bands of white; the under parts, longitudinal streaks and spots of brown.</cd> -- <col>Prairie hen</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Prairie chicken</cref>, above.</cd> -- <col>Prairie itch</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an affection of the skin attended with intense itching, which is observed in the Northern and Western United States; -- also called <altname>swamp itch</altname>, <altname>winter itch</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Prairie marmot</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Prairie dog</cref>, above.</cd> -- <col>Prairie mole</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large American mole (<spn>Scalops argentatus</spn>), native of the Western prairies.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Prairie pigeon</col>, <col>plover</col>, &or; <col>snipe</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the upland plover. See <er>Plover</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Prairie rattlesnake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the massasauga.</cd> -- <col>Prairie snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large harmless American snake (<spn>Masticophis flavigularis</spn>). It is pale yellow, tinged with brown above.</cd> -- <col>Prairie squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any American ground squirrel of the genus <spn>Spermophilus</spn>, inhabiting prairies; -- called also <altname>gopher</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Prairie turnip</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the edible turnip-shaped farinaceous root of a leguminous plant (<spn>Psoralea esculenta</spn>) of the Upper Missouri region; also, the plant itself. Called also <altname>pomme blanche</altname>, and <altname>pomme de prairie</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Prairie warbler</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright-colored American warbler (<spn>Dendroica discolor</spn>). The back is olive yellow, with a group of reddish spots in the middle; the under parts and the parts around the eyes are bright yellow; the sides of the throat and spots along the sides, black; three outer tail feathers partly white.</cd> -- <col>Prairie wolf</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Coyote</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Praisable</h1>
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<hw>Prais"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Fit to be praised; praise-worthy; laudable; commendable.</def>

<i>Wyclif (2 Tim. ii. 15).</i>

<h1>Praisably</h1>
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<hw>Prais"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a praisable manner.</def>

<h1>Praise</h1>
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<hw>Praise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Praised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Praising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>preisen</ets>, OF. <ets>preisier</ets>, <ets>prisier</ets>, F. <ets>priser</ets>, L. <ets>pretiare</ets> to prize, fr. <ets>pretium</ets> price. See <er>Price</er>, <tt>n.<tt>, and cf. <er>Appreciate</er>, <er>Praise</er>, <tt>n.<tt>, <er>Prize</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To commend; to applaud; to express approbation of; to laud; -- applied to a person or his acts.</def> "I <i>praise</i> well thy wit."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Let her own works <b>praise</b> her in the gates.
<i>Prov. xxxi. 31.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We <b>praise</b> not Hector, though his name, we know,
Is great in arms; 't is hard to <b>praise</b> a foe.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To extol in words or song; to magnify; to glorify on account of perfections or excellent works; to do honor to; to display the excellence of; -- applied especially to the Divine Being.</def>

<blockquote><b>Praise</b> ye him, all his angels; <b>praise</b> ye him, all his hosts!
<i>Ps. cxlviii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To value; to appraise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To commend; laud; eulogize; celebrate; glorify; magnify.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Praise</er>, <er>Applaud</er>, <er>Extol</er>. To <i>praise</i> is to set at high price; to <i>applaud</i> is to greet with clapping; to <i>extol</i> is to bear aloft, to exalt. We may <i>praise</i> in the exercise of calm judgment; we usually <i>applaud</i> from impulse, and on account of some specific act; we <i>extol</i> under the influence of high admiration, and usually in strong, if not extravagant, language.</usage>

<h1>Praise</h1>
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<hw>Praise</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>preis</ets>, OF. <ets>preis</ets> price, worth, value, estimation. See <er>Praise</er>, <tt>v.<tt>, <er>Price</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Commendation for worth; approval expressed; honor rendered because of excellence or worth; laudation; approbation.</def>

<blockquote>There are men who always confound the <b>praise</b> of goodness with the practice.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Praise</i> may be expressed by an individual, and thus differs from <i>fame</i>, <i>renown</i>, and <i>celebrity</i>, which are always the expression of the approbation of numbers, or public commendation.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Especially, the joyful tribute of gratitude or homage rendered to the Divine Being; the act of glorifying or extolling the Creator; worship, particularly worship by song, distinction from prayer and other acts of worship; <as>as, a service of <ex>praise</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The object, ground, or reason of praise.</def>

<blockquote>He is thy <b>praise</b>, and he is thy God.
<i>Deut. x.<?/<?/.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Encomium; honor; eulogy; panegyric; plaudit; applause; acclaim; eclat; commendation; laudation.</syn>

<h1>Praiseful</h1>
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<hw>Praise"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Praiseworthy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Praiseful</h1>
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<hw>Praise"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Praiseworthy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Praiseless</h1>
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<hw>Praise"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without praise or approbation.</def>

<h1>Praise-meeting</h1>
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<hw>Praise"-meet`*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A religious service mainly in song.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Praisement</h1>
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<hw>Praise"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Appraisement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Praiseer</h1>
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<hw>Praise"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who praises.</def> "<i>Praisers</i> of men."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An appraiser; a valuator.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. North.</i>

<h1>Praiseworthily</h1>
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<hw>Praise"wor`thi*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a praiseworthy manner.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Praiseworthiness</h1>
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<hw>Praise"wor`thi*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being praiseworthy.</def>

<h1>Praiseworthy</h1>
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<hw>Praise"wor`thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worthy of praise or applause; commendable; <as>as, <ex>praiseworthy</ex> action; he was <ex>praiseworthy</ex>.</as></def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Prakrit</h1>
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<hw>Pra"krit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>pr\'bek&rsdot;ta</ets> original, natural, usual, common, vulgar.]</ety> <def>Any one of the popular dialects descended from, or akin to, Sanskrit; -- in distinction from the Sanskrit, which was used as a literary and learned language when no longer spoken by the people. Pali is one of the <i>Prakrit</i> dialects.</def>

<h1>Prakritic</h1>
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<hw>Pra*krit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Prakrit.</def>

<h1>Pram, Prame</h1>
<Xpage=1124>

<hw><hw>Pram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Prame</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Praam</er>.</def>

<h1>Prance</h1>
<Xpage=1124>

<hw>Prance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pranced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prancing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>prauncen</ets>; probably akin to <ets>prank</ets>, v. t. See Prank.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To spring or bound, as a horse in high mettle.</def>

<blockquote>Now rule thy <b>prancing</b> steed.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To ride on a prancing horse; to ride in an ostentatious manner.</def>

<blockquote>The insulting tyrant <b>prancing</b> o'er the field.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To walk or strut about in a pompous, showy manner, or with warlike parade.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Prancer</h1>
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<hw>Pran"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A horse which prances.</def>

<blockquote>Then came the captain . . . upon a brave <b>prancer</b>.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prandial</h1>
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<hw>Pran"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prandium</ets> a repast.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a repast, especially to dinner.</def>

<h1>Prangos</h1>
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<hw>Pran"gos</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native name in Afghanistan.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of umbelliferous plants, one species of which (<spn>P. pabularia</spn>), found in Thibet, Cashmere, Afghanistan, etc., has been used as fodder for cattle. It has decompound leaves with very long narrow divisions, and a highly fragrant smell resembling that of new clover hay.</def>

<h1>Prank</h1>
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<hw>Prank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pranked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pranking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. E. <ets>prink</ets>, also G. <ets>prangen</ets>, <ets>prunken</ets>, to shine, to make a show, Dan. <ets>prange</ets>, <ets>prunke</ets>, Sw. <ets>prunka</ets>, D. <ets>pronken</ets>.]</ety> <def>To adorn in a showy manner; to dress or equip ostentatiously; -- often followed by <i>up</i>; <as>as, to <ex>prank</ex> up the body</as>. See <er>Prink</er>.</def>

<blockquote>In sumptuous tire she joyed herself to <b>prank</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prank</h1>
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<hw>Prank</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make ostentatious show.</def>

<blockquote>White houses <b>prank</b> where once were huts.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prank</h1>
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<hw>Prank</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A gay or sportive action; a ludicrous, merry, or mischievous trick; a caper; a frolic.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>The harpies . . . played their accustomed <b>pranks</b>.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His <b>pranks</b> have been too broad to bear with.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prank</h1>
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<hw>Prank</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of gambols or tricks.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pranker</h1>
<Xpage=1124>

<hw>Prank"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who dresses showily; a prinker.</def> "A <i>pranker</i> or a dancer."

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Prankish</h1>
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<hw>Prank"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of pranks; frolicsome.</def>

<h1>Prase</h1>
<Xpage=1124>

<hw>Prase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prasius</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ of a leek-green, fr. Gr. <?/ a leek: cf. F. <ets>prase</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of cryptocrystalline of a leek-green color.</def>

<h1>Praseo-</h1>
<Xpage=1124>

<hw>Pra"se*o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ leek-green, green, fr. <?/ a leek.]</ety> <def>A combining form signifying <i>green</i>; <as>as, <ex>praseo</ex>cobalt, a green variety of cobalt</as>.</def>

<h1>Praseodymium</h1>
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<hw>Pra`se*o*dym"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Praseo-</ets> + di<ets>dymium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An elementary substance, one of the constituents of didymium; -- so called from the green color of its salts.  Symbol Ps.  Atomic weight 143.6.</def>

<h1>Praseolite</h1>
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<hw>Pra"se*o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Praseo-</ets> + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of altered iolite of a green color and greasy luster.</def>

<h1>Prasinous</h1>
<Xpage=1124>

<hw>Pras"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prasinus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a leek.]</ety> <def>Grass-green; clear, lively green, without any mixture.</def>

<i>Lindley.</i>

<h1>Prasoid</h1>
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<hw>Pra"soid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ leek + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Resembling prase.</def>

<h1>Prate</h1>
<Xpage=1124>

<hw>Prate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to LG. & D. <ets>praten</ets>, Dan. <ets>prate</ets>, Sw. & Icel. <ets>prata</ets>.]</ety> <def>To talk much and to little purpose; to be loquacious; to speak foolishly; to babble.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>prate</b> and talk for life and honor.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And make a fool presume to <b>prate</b> of love.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prate</h1>
<Xpage=1124>

<hw>Prate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter foolishly; to speak without reason or purpose; to chatter, or babble.</def>

<blockquote>What nonsense would the fool, thy master, <b>prate</b>,
When thou, his knave, canst talk at such a rate !
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prate</h1>
<Xpage=1124>

<hw>Prate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to LG. & D. <ets>praat</ets>, Sw. <ets>prat</ets>.]</ety> <def>Talk to little purpose; trifling talk; unmeaning loquacity.</def>

<blockquote>Sick of tops, and poetry, and <b>prate</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prateful</h1>
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<hw>Prate"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Talkative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>W. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Prater</h1>
<Xpage=1124>

<hw>Prat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who prates.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pratic</h1>
<Xpage=1124>

<hw>Prat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pratique</er>.</def>

<h1>Pratincole</h1>
<Xpage=1124>

<hw>Pra"tin*cole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any bird of the Old World genus <spn>Glareola</spn>, or family <spn>Glareolid\'91</spn>, allied to the plovers. They have long, pointed wings and a forked tail.</def>

<h1>Pratingly</h1>
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<hw>Prat"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With idle talk; with loquacity.</def>

<h1>Pratique</h1>
<Xpage=1124>

<hw>Prat"ique</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.; cf. It. <ets>pratica</ets>, Sp. <ets>practica</ets>. See <er>Practice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Primarily, liberty of converse; intercourse; hence, a certificate, given after compliance with quarantine regulations, permitting a ship to land passengers and crew; -- a term used particularly in the south of Europe.</def>

<hr>
<page="1125">
Page 1125<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Practice; habits.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "One of English education and <i>pratique</i>."

<i>R. North.</i>

<h1>Prattle</h1>
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<hw>Prat"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prattled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prattling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Freq. <ets>of prate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To talk much and idly; to prate; hence, to talk lightly and artlessly, like a child; to utter child's talk.</def>

<h1>Prattle</h1>
<Xpage=1125>

<hw>Prat"tle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter as prattle; to babble; <as>as, to <ex>prattle</ex> treason</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Prattle</h1>
<Xpage=1125>

<hw>Prat"tle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Trifling or childish tattle; empty talk; loquacity on trivial subjects; prate; babble.</def>

<blockquote>Mere <b>prattle</b>, without practice.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prattlement</h1>
<Xpage=1125>

<hw>Prat"tle*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Prattle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jeffrey.</i>

<h1>Prattler</h1>
<Xpage=1125>

<hw>Prat"tler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who prattles.</def>

<i>Herbert.</i>

<h1>Pravity</h1>
<Xpage=1125>

<hw>Prav"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pravitas</ets>, from <ets>pravus</ets> crooked, perverse.]</ety> <def>Deterioration; degeneracy; corruption; especially, moral crookedness; moral perversion; perverseness; depravity; <as>as, the <ex>pravity</ex> of human nature</as>.</def> "The <i>pravity</i> of the will."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Prawn</h1>
<Xpage=1125>

<hw>Prawn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>prane</ets>, of unknown origin; cf. L. <ets>perna</ets> a sea mussel.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of large shrimplike Crustacea having slender legs and long antenn\'91. They mostly belong to the genera <i>Pandalus</i>, <i>Pal\'91mon</i>, <i>Pal\'91monetes</i>, and <i>Peneus</i>, and are much used as food. The common English prawn in <i>Pal\'91mon serratus</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is often applied to any large shrimp.</note>

<h1>Praxinoscope</h1>
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<hw>Prax*in"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ action + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>An instrument, similar to the phenakistoscope, for presenting to view, or projecting upon a screen, images the natural motions of real objects.</def>

<h1>Praxis</h1>
<Xpage=1125>

<hw>Prax"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to do. See <er>Practice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Use; practice; especially, exercise or discipline for a specific purpose or object.</def> "The <i>praxis</i> and theory of music."

<i>Wood.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An example or form of exercise, or a collection of such examples, for practice.</def>

<h1>Pray</h1>
<Xpage=1125>

<hw>Pray</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Pry</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Pray</h1>
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<hw>Pray</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prayed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Praying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>preien</ets>, OF. <ets>preier</ets>, F. <ets>prier</ets>, L. <ets>precari</ets>, fr. <ets>prex</ets>, <ets>precis</ets>, a prayer, a request; akin to Skr. <ets>prach</ets> to ask, AS. <ets>frignan</ets>, <ets>fr\'c6nan</ets>, <ets>fricgan</ets>, G. <ets>fragen</ets>, Goth. <ets>fra\'a1hnan</ets>. Cf. <er>Deprecate</er>, <er>Imprecate</er>, <er>Precarious</er>.]</ety> <def>To make request with earnestness or zeal, as for something desired; to make entreaty or supplication; to offer prayer to a deity or divine being as a religious act; specifically, to address the Supreme Being with adoration, confession, supplication, and thanksgiving.</def>

<blockquote> And to his goddess pitously he <b>preyde</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When thou <b>prayest</b>, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut thy door, <b>pray</b> to thy Father which is in secret; and thy Father which seeth in secret shall reward thee openly.
<i>Matt. vi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>I pray</col>, &or; (by ellipsis) <col>Pray</col></mcol>, <cd>I beg; I request; I entreat you; -- used in asking a question, making a request, introducing a petition, etc.; as, <i>Pray<i>, allow me to go.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>I <b>pray</b>, sir. why am I beaten?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To entreat; supplicate; beg; implore; invoke; beseech; petition.</syn>

<h1>Pray</h1>
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<hw>Pray</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To address earnest request to; to supplicate; to entreat; to implore; to beseech.</def>

<blockquote>And as this earl was <b>preyed</b>, so did he.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We <b>pray</b> you . . . by ye reconciled to God.
<i>2 Cor. v. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To ask earnestly for; to seek to obtain by supplication; to entreat for.</def>

<blockquote>I know not how to <b>pray</b> your patience.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To effect or accomplish by praying; <as>as, to <ex>pray</ex> a soul out of purgatory</as>.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<cs><col>To pray in aid</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To call in as a helper one who has an interest in the cause</cd>. <i>Bacon</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A phrase often used to signify claiming the benefit of an argument. See under <er>Aid</er>.</cd></cs>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Prayer</h1>
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<hw>Pray"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who prays; a supplicant.</def>

<h1>Prayer</h1>
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<hw>Prayer</hw> <tt>(<?/; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>preiere<ets>, OF. <ets>preiere<ets>, F. <ets>pri\'8are<ets>, fr. L. <ets>precarius<ets> obtained by prayer, fr. <ets>precari<ets> to pray. See <er>Pray</er>, <tt>v. i.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of praying, or of asking a favor; earnest request or entreaty; hence, a petition or memorial addressed to a court or a legislative body.</def> "Their meek <i>preyere<i>."

<i>Chaucer</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of addressing supplication to a divinity, especially to the true God; the offering of adoration, confession, supplication, and thanksgiving to the Supreme Being; <as>as, public <ex>prayer</ex>; secret <ex>prayer</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>As he is famed for mildness, peace, and <b>prayer</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The form of words used in praying; a formula of supplication; an expressed petition; especially, a supplication addressed to God; <as>as, a written or extemporaneous <ex>prayer</ex>; to repeat one's <ex>prayers</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>He made those excellent <b>prayers</b> which were published immediately after his death.
<i>Bp. Fell.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Prayer book</col>, <cd>a book containing devotional prayers.</cd> -- <col>Prayer meeting</col>, <cd>a meeting or gathering for prayer to God.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Petition; orison; supplication; entreaty; suit.</syn>

<h1>Prayerful</h1>
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<hw>Prayer"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Given to prayer; praying much or often; devotional.</def> "The <i>prayerful</i> man." <i>J. S. Blackie</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Prayer"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Prayer"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Prayerless</h1>
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<hw>Prayer"less</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not using prayer; habitually neglecting prayer to God; without prayer.</def> "The next time you go <i>prayerless</i> to bed."

<i>Baxter.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Prayer"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Prayer"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Praying</h1>
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<hw>Pray"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>a. & n.</tt> from <er>Pray</er>, <tt>v.</tt></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Praying insect</col>, <col>locust</col>, &or; mantis</mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a mantis, especially <spn>Mantis religiosa</spn>. See <er>Mantis</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Praying machine</col>, &or; <col>Praying wheel</col></mcol>, <cd>a wheel on which prayers are pasted by Buddhist priests, who then put the wheel in rapid revolution. Each turn in supposed to have the efficacy of an oral repetition of all the prayers on the wheel.  Sometimes it is moved by a stream.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prayingly</h1>
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<hw>Pray"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With supplication to God.</def>

<h1>Pre-</h1>
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<hw>Pre-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>prae</ets>, adv. & prep., before, akin to <ets>pro</ets>, and to E. <ets>for</ets>, prep.: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82-</ets>. See <er>Pro-</er>, and cf. <er>Prior</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix denoting <i>priority</i> (of time, place, or rank); <as>as, <ex>precede</ex>, to go before; <ex>pre</ex>cursor, a forerunner; <ex>pre</ex>fix, to fix or place before</as>; <ex>pre</ex>\'89minent eminent before or above others. <ex>Pre-</ex> is sometimes used intensively, <as>as in <ex>pre</ex>potent, very potent</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pr\'91-</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Preaccusation</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ac`cu*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Previous accusation.</def>

<h1>Preace</h1>
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<hw>Preace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. & n.</tt> <def>Press.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Preach</h1>
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<hw>Preach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Preached</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Preaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>prechen</ets>, OF. <ets>preechier</ets>, F. <ets>pr\'88cher</ets>, fr. L. <ets>praedicare</ets> to cry in public, to proclaim; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>dicare</ets> to make known, <ets>dicere</ets> to say; or perhaps from (assumed) LL. <ets>praedictare</ets>. See <er>Diction</er>, and cf. <er>Predicate</er>, <er>Predict</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To proclaim or publish tidings; specifically, to proclaim the gospel; to discourse publicly on a religious subject, or from a text of Scripture; to deliver a sermon.</def>

<blockquote>How shall they <b>preach</b>, except they be sent?
<i>Rom. x. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>From that time Jesus began to <b>preach</b>.
<i>Matt. iv. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give serious advice on morals or religion; to discourse in the manner of a preacher.</def>

<h1>Preach</h1>
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<hw>Preach</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To proclaim by public discourse; to utter in a sermon or a formal religious harangue.</def>

<blockquote>That Cristes gospel truly wolde <b>preche</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Lord hath anointed me to <b>preach</b> good tidings unto the meek.
<i>Isa. lxi. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inculcate in public discourse; to urge with earnestness by public teaching.</def> "I have <i>preached</i> righteousness in the great congregation."

<i>Ps. xl. 9.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deliver or pronounce; <as>as, to <ex>preach</ex> a sermon</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To teach or instruct by preaching; to inform by preaching.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "As ye are <i>preached</i>."

<i>Southey.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To advise or recommend earnestly.</def>

<blockquote>My master <b>preaches</b> patience to him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To preach down</col>, <cd>to oppress, or humiliate by preaching. <i>Tennyson<i>.</cd> -- <col>To preach up</col>, <cd>to exalt by preaching; to preach in support of; as, <i>to preach up<i> equality.</cd></cs>

<h1>Preach</h1>
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<hw>Preach</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'88che</ets>, fr. <ets>pr\'88cher</ets>. See <er>Preach</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <def>A religious discourse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Preacher</h1>
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<hw>Preach"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>preeschierre</ets>, <ets>prescheur</ets>, F. <ets>pr\'88cheur</ets>, L. <ets>praedicator</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who preaches; one who discourses publicly on religious subjects.</def>

<blockquote>How shall they hear without a <b>preacher</b>?
<i>Rom. x. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who inculcates anything with earnestness.</def>

<blockquote>No <b>preacher</b> is listened to but Time.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Preacher bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a toucan.</cd></cs>

<h1>Preachership</h1>
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<hw>Preach"er*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a preacher.</def> "The <i>preachership</i> of the Rolls."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Preachify</h1>
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<hw>Preach"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Preach</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To discourse in the manner of a preacher.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Preaching</h1>
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<hw>Preach"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of delivering a religious discourse; the art of sermonizing; also, a sermon; a public religious discourse; serious, earnest advice.</def>

<i>Milner.</i>

<cs><col>Preaching cross</col>, <cd>a cross, sometimes surmounting a pulpit, erected out of doors to designate a preaching place.</cd> -- <col>Preaching friars</col>. <cd>See <er>Dominican</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Preachman</h1>
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<hw>Preach"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Preachmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A preacher; -- so called in contempt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Preachment</h1>
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<hw>Preach"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A religious harangue; a sermon; -- used derogatively.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Preacquaint</h1>
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<hw>Pre`ac*quaint"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To acquaint previously or beforehand.</def>

<i>Fielding.</i>

<h1>Preacquaintance</h1>
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<hw>Pre`ac*quaint"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Previous acquaintance or knowledge.</def>

<i>Harris.</i>

<h1>Preact</h1>
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<hw>Pre*act"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To act beforehand; to perform previously.</def>

<h1>Preaction</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Previous action.</def>

<h1>Preadamic</h1>
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<hw>Pre`a*dam"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Prior to Adam.</def>

<h1>Preadamite</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ad"am*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82adamite</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An inhabitant of the earth before Adam.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who holds that men existed before Adam.</def>

<h1>Preadamitic</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ad`am*it"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Existing or occurring before Adam; preadamic; <as>as, <ex>preadamitic</ex> periods</as>.</def>

<h1>Preadjustment</h1>
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<hw>Pre`ad*just"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Previous adjustment.</def>

<h1>Preadministration</h1>
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<hw>Pre`ad*min`is*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Previous administration.</def>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Preadmonish</h1>
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<hw>Pre`ad*mon"ish</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To admonish previously.</def>

<h1>Preadmonition</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ad`mo*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Previous warning or admonition; forewarning.</def>

<h1>Preadvertise</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ad`ver*tise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To advertise beforehand; to preannounce publicly.</def>

<h1>Preamble</h1>
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<hw>Pre"am`ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>praeambulum</ets>, from L. <ets>praeambulus</ets> walking before, fr. <ets>praeambulare</ets> to walk before; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>ambulare</ets> to walk: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82ambule</ets>. See <er>Amble</er>.]</ety> <def>A introductory portion; an introduction or preface, as to a book, document, etc.; specifically, the introductory part of a statute, which states the reasons and intent of the law.</def>

<h1>Preamble</h1>
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<hw>Pre"am`ble</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To make a preamble to; to preface; to serve as a preamble.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Feltham. Milton.</i>

<h1>Preambulary</h1>
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<hw>Pre*am"bu*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>preambulaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a preamble; introductory; contained or provided for in a preamble.</def> "A <i>preambulary</i> tax." <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Preambulate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*am"bu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeambulare</ets>. See <er>Preamble</er>.]</ety> <def>To walk before.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jordan.</i>

<h1>Preambulation</h1>
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<hw>Pre*am`bu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A walking or going before; precedence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A preamble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Preambulatory</h1>
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<hw>Pre*am"bu*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Preceding; going before; introductory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Simon Magus had <b>preambulatory</b> impieties.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Preambulous</h1>
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<hw>Pre*am"bu*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Preamble</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <def>See <er>Perambulatory</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Preannounce</h1>
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<hw>Pre`an*nounce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To announce beforehand.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Preantenultimate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*an`te*nul"ti*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being or indicating the fourth syllable from the end of a word, or that before the antepenult.</def>

<h1>Preaortic</h1>
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<hw>Pre`a*or"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>In front, or on the ventral side, of the aorta.</def>

<h1>Preappoint</h1>
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<hw>Pre`ap*point"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To appoint previously, or beforehand.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Preappointment</h1>
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<hw>Pre`ap*point"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Previous appointment.</def>

<h1>Preapprehension</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ap`pre*hen"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An apprehension or opinion formed before examination or knowledge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Prearm</h1>
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<hw>Pre*arm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To forearm.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Prearrange</h1>
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<hw>Pre`ar*range"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To arrange beforehand.</def>

<h1>Prease</h1>
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<hw>Prease</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To press; to crowd.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A press; a crowd.</def></def2> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Preassurance</h1>
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<hw>Pre`as*sur"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Previous assurance.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Preataxic</h1>
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<hw>Pre`a*tax"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Occurring before the symptom ataxia has developed; -- applied to the early symptoms of locomotor ataxia.</def>

<h1>Preaudience</h1>
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<hw>Pre*au"di*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Precedence of rank at the bar among lawyers.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Preaxial</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ax"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated in front of any transverse axis in the body of an animal; anterior; cephalic; esp., in front, or on the anterior, or cephalic (that is, radial or tibial) side of the axis of a limb.</def>

<h1>Preend</h1>
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<hw>Pre"end</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82bende</ets> (cf. It. & Sp. <ets>prebenda</ets>), from L. <ets>praebenda</ets>, from L. <ets>praebere</ets> to hold forth, afford, contr. fr. <ets>praehibere</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>habere</ets> to have, hold. See <er>Habit</er>, and cf. <er>Provender</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A payment or stipend; esp., the stipend or maintenance granted to a prebendary out of the estate of a cathedral or collegiate, church with which he is connected. See <er>Note</er> under <er>Benefice</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A prebendary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<cs><col>Dignitary prebend</col>, <cd>one having jurisdiction annexed to it.</cd> -- <col>Simple prebend</col>, <cd>one without jurisdiction.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prebendal</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ben"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a prebend; holding a prebend; <as>as, a <ex>prebendal</ex> priest or stall</as>.</def>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Prebendary</h1>
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<hw>Preb"en*da*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>praebendarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82bendaire</ets>. See <er>Prebend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A clergyman attached to a collegiate or cathedral church who enjoys a prebend in consideration of his officiating at stated times in the church. See <er>Note</er> under <er>Benefice</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<i>Hook.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A prebendaryship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Prebendaryship</h1>
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<hw>Preb"en*da*ry*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a prebendary.</def>

<h1>Prebendate</h1>
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<hw>Preb"en*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>praebendatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praebendari</ets>.]</ety> <def>To invest with the office of prebendary; to present to a prebend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Grafton.</i>

<h1>Prebendship</h1>
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<hw>Preb"end*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A prebendaryship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Prebronchial</h1>
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<hw>Pre*bron"chi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated in front of the bronchus; -- applied especially to an air sac on either side of the esophagus of birds.</def>

<h1>Precalculate</h1>
<Xpage=1125>

<hw>Pre*cal"cu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To calculate or determine beforehand; to prearrange.</def>

<i>Masson.</i>

<h1>Precant</h1>
<Xpage=1125>

<hw>Pre"cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>precans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>precari</ets> to pray.]</ety> <def>One who prays.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Precarious</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ca"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>precarius</ets> obtained by begging or prayer, depending on request or on the will of another, fr. <ets>precari</ets> to pray, beg. See <er>Pray</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Depending on the will or pleasure of another; held by courtesy; liable to be changed or lost at the pleasure of another; <as>as, <ex>precarious</ex> privileges</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Held by a doubtful tenure; depending on unknown causes or events; exposed to constant risk; not to be depended on for certainty or stability; uncertain; <as>as, a <ex>precarious</ex> state of health; <ex>precarious</ex> fortunes.</as></def> "Intervals of partial and <i>precarious</i> liberty."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Uncertain; unsettled; unsteady; doubtful; dubious; equivocal.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Precarious</er>, <er>Uncertain</er>. <i>Precarious</i> in stronger than <i>uncertain</i>. Derived originally from the Latin <i>precari</i>, it first signified "granted to entreaty," and, hence, "wholly dependent on the will of another." Thus it came to express the highest species of uncertainty, and is applied to such things as depend wholly on future casualties.</usage>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pre*ca"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pre*ca"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Precation</h1>
<Xpage=1125>

<hw>Pre*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>precatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of praying; supplication; entreaty.</def>

<i>Cotton.</i>

<h1>Preative, Preatory</h1>
<Xpage=1125>

<hw><hw>Pre"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pre"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>precativus</ets>, <ets>precatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>precari</ets> to pray. See <er>Precarious</er>.]</ety> <def>Suppliant; beseeching.</def>

<i>Bp. Hopkins.</i>

<cs><col>Precatory words</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>words of recommendation, request, entreaty, wish, or expectation, employed in wills, as distinguished from <i>express directions<i>; -- in some cases creating a trust.</cd></cs>

<i>Jarman.</i>

<h1>Precaution</h1>
<Xpage=1125>

<hw>Pre*cau"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82cation</ets>, L. <ets>praecautio</ets>, fr. <ets>praecavere</ets>, <ets>praecautum</ets>, to guard against beforehand; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>cavere</ets> be on one's guard. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Caution</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Previous caution or care; caution previously employed to prevent mischief or secure good; <as>as, his life was saved by <ex>precaution</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>They [ancient philosophers] treasured up their supposed discoveries with miserable <b>precaution</b>.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A measure taken beforehand to ward off evil or secure good or success; a precautionary act; <as>as, to take <ex>precautions</ex> against accident</as>.</def>

<h1>Precaution</h1>
<Xpage=1125>

<hw>Pre*cau"tion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82cautionner</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To warn or caution beforehand.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<hr>
<page="1126">
Page 1126<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take precaution against.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Precautional</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cau"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Precautionary.</def>

<h1>Precautionary</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cau"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to precaution, or precautions; <as>as, <ex>precautionary</ex> signals</as>.</def>

<h1>Precautious</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cau"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Taking or using precaution; precautionary.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pre*cau"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pre*cau"*tious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Precedaneous</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre`ce*da"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Preceding; antecedent; previous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Precede</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cede"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Preceded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Preceding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>praecedere</ets>, <ets>praecessum</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>cedere</ets> to go, to be in motion: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82ceder</ets>. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Cede</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go before in order of time; to occur first with relation to anything.</def> "Harm <i>precedes</i> not sin."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To go before in place, rank, or importance.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to be preceded; to preface; to introduce; -- used with <i>by</i> or <i>with</i> before the instrumental object.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>It is usual to <b>precede</b> hostilities by a public declaration.
<i>Kent.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Precedence, Precedency</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw><hw>Pre*ced"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pre*ced"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82c\'82dence</ets>. See <er>Precede</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of preceding or going before in order of time; priority; <as>as, one event has <ex>precedence</ex> of another</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or state of going or being before in rank or dignity, or the place of honor; right to a more honorable place; superior rank; <as>as, barons have <ex>precedence</ex> of commoners</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Which of them [the different desires] has the <b>precedency</b> in determining the will to the next action?
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Antecedence; priority; pre\'89minence; preference; superiority.</syn>

<h1>Precedent</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*ced"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecedens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>praecedere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82c\'82dent</ets>. See <er>Precede</er>.]</ety> <def>Going before; anterior; preceding; antecedent; <as>as, <ex>precedent</ex> services</as>.</def> <i>Shak.</i> "A <i>precedent</i> injury."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<cs><col>Condition precedent</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a condition which precede the vesting of an estate, or the accruing of a right.</cd></cs>

<h1>Precedent</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Prec"e*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something done or said that may serve as an example to authorize a subsequent act of the same kind; an authoritative example.</def>

<blockquote>Examples for cases can but direct as <b>precedents</b> only.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A preceding circumstance or condition; an antecedent; hence, a prognostic; a token; a sign.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A judicial decision which serves as a rule for future determinations in similar or analogous cases; an authority to be followed in courts of justice; forms of proceeding to be followed in similar cases.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Example; antecedent.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Precedent</er>, <er>Example</er>. An <i>example</i> in a similar case which may serve as a rule or guide, but has no authority out of itself. A <i>precedent</i> is something which comes down to us from the past with the sanction of usage and of common consent. We quote <i>examples</i> in literature, and <i>precedents</i> in law.</usage>

<h1>Precedented</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Prec"e*dent*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a precedent; authorized or sanctioned by an example of a like kind.</def>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Precedential</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Prec`e*den"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of a precedent; having force as an example for imitation; <as>as, <ex>precedential</ex> transactions</as>.</def>

<blockquote>All their actions in that time are not <b>precedential</b> to warrant posterity.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Precedently</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*ced"ent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Beforehand; antecedently.</def>

<h1>Preceding</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*ced"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Going before; -- opposed to <i>following</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>In the direction toward which stars appear to move. See <er>Following</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Precel</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Precellence</er>.]</ety> <def>To surpass; to excel; to exceed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Precellence, Precellency</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw><hw>Pre*cel"lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pre*cel"len*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecellentia</ets>, from <ets>praecellens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>praecellere</ets> to excel, surpass: cf. OF. <ets>precellence</ets>.]</ety> <def>Excellence; superiority.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<h1>Precellent</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cel"lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecellens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Excellent; surpassing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Precentor</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cen"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecentor</ets>, fr. <ets>praecinere</ets> to sing before; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>canere</ets> to sing. See <er>Chant</er>.]</ety> <def>A leader of a choir; a directing singer.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The leader of the choir in a cathedral; -- called also the <altname>chanter</altname> or <i>master</i> of the choir.</def> <i>Hook</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The leader of the congregational singing in Scottish and other churches.</def>

<h1>Precentorship</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cen"tor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a precentor.</def>

<h1>Precent</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeceptum</ets>, from <ets>praecipere</ets> to take beforehand, to instruct, teach; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>capere</ets> to take: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82cepte</ets>. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Capacious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any commandment, instruction, or order intended as an authoritative rule of action; esp., a command respecting moral conduct; an injunction; a rule.</def>

<blockquote>For <b>precept</b> must be upon <b>precept</b>.
<i>Isa. xxviii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No arts are without their <b>precepts</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A command in writing; a species of writ or process.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Commandment; injunction; mandate; law; rule; direction; principle; maxim. See <er>Doctrine</er>.</syn>

<h1>Precept</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre"cept</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To teach by precepts.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Preceptial</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cep"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Preceptive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>[Passion] would give <b>preceptial</b> medicine to rage.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Preception</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeceptio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A precept.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Preceptive</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cep"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeceptivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing or giving precepts; of the nature of precepts; didactic; <as>as, the <ex>preceptive</ex> parts of the Scriptures</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The lesson given us here is <b>preceptive</b> to us.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Preceptor</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cep"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeceptor</ets>, fr. <ets>praecipere</ets> to teach: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82cepteur</ets>. See <er>Precept</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who gives commands, or makes rules; specifically, the master or principal of a school; a teacher; an instructor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The head of a preceptory among the Knights Templars.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Preceptorial</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre`cep*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a preceptor.</def>

<h1>Preceptory</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cep"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Preceptive.</def> "A law <i>preceptory</i>."

<i>Anderson (1573).</i>

<h1>Preceptory</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cep"to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Preceptories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>praeceptoria</ets> an estate assigned to a preceptor, from L. <ets>praeceptor</ets> a commander, ruler, teacher, in LL., procurator, administrator among the Knights Templars. See <er>Preceptor</er>.]</ety> <def>A religious house of the Knights Templars, subordinate to the temple or principal house of the order in London. See <er>Commandery</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Preceptress</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cep"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who is the principal of a school; a female teacher.</def>

<h1>Precession</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*ces"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecedere</ets>, <ets>praecessum</ets>, to go before: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82cession</ets>. See <er>Precede</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of going before, or forward.</def>

<cs><col>Lunisolar precession</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Lunisolar</er>.</cd> -- <col>Planetary precession</col>, <cd>that part of the precession of the equinoxes which depends on the action of the planets alone.</cd> -- <col>Precession of the equinoxes</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the slow backward motion of the equinoctial points along the ecliptic, at the rate of 50.2&sec; annually, caused by the action of the sun, moon, and planets, upon the protuberant matter about the earth's equator, in connection with its diurnal rotation; -- so called because either equinox, owing to its westerly motion, comes to the meridian sooner each day than the point it would have occupied without the motion of precession, and thus <i>precedes<i> that point continually with reference to the time of transit and motion.</cd></cs>

<h1>Precessional</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*ces"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to pression; <as>as, the <ex>precessional</ex> movement of the equinoxes</as>.</def>

<h1>Precessor</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*ces"sor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecessor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A predecessor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Precinct</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre"cinct</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>praecinctum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>praecingere</ets>, <ets>praecinctum</ets>, to gird about, to encompass; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>cingere</ets> to gird, surround. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Cincture</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The limit or exterior line encompassing a place; a boundary; a confine; limit of jurisdiction or authority; -- often in the plural; <as>as, the <ex>precincts</ex> of a state</as>.</def> "The <i>precincts</i> of light."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A district within certain boundaries; a minor territorial or jurisdictional division; <as>as, an election <ex>precinct</ex>; a school <ex>precinct</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A parish or prescribed territory attached to a church, and taxed for its support.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<blockquote>The parish, or <b>precinct</b>, shall proceed to a new choice.
<i>Laws of Massachusetts.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Preciosity</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre`ci*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Preciousness; something precious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Precious</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>precious</ets>, <ets>precius</ets>, <ets>precios</ets>, F. <ets>pr\'82cieux</ets>, L. <ets>pretiosus</ets>, fr. <ets>pretium</ets> price, worth, value. See <er>Price</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of great price; costly; <as>as, a <ex>precious</ex> stone</as>.</def> "The <i>precious</i> bane."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of great value or worth; very valuable; highly esteemed; dear; beloved; <as>as, <ex>precious</ex> recollections</as>.</def>

<blockquote>She is more <b>precious</b> than rules.
<i>Prov. iii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Many things which are most <b>precious</b> are neglected only because the value of them lieth hid.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<note>Also used ironically; as, a <i>precious</i> rascal.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Particular; fastidious; overnice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lest that <b>precious</b> folk be with me wroth.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Precious metals</col>, <cd>the uncommon and highly valuable metals, esp. gold and silver.</cd> -- <col>Precious stones</col>, <cd>gems; jewels.</cd></cs>

<h1>Preciously</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre"cious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a precious manner; expensively; extremely; dearly. Also used ironically.</def>

<h1>Preciousness</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre"cious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being precious; costliness; dearness.</def>

<h1>Precipe</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Prec"i*pe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Pr\'91cipe</er>, and <er>Precept</er>.</def>

<h1>Precipice</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Prec"i*pice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82cipice</ets>, L. <ets>praecipitium</ets>, fr. <ets>praeceps</ets>, <ets>-cipitis</ets>, headlong; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>caput</ets>, <ets>capitis</ets>, the head. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Chief</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden or headlong fall.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A headlong steep; a very steep, perpendicular, or overhanging place; an abrupt declivity; a cliff.</def>

<blockquote>Where wealth like fruit on <b>precipices</b> grew.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Precipient</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cip"i*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecipiens</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Precept</er>.]</ety> <def>Commanding; directing.</def>

<h1>Precipitability</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cip`i*ta*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being precipitable.</def>

<h1>Precipitable</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cip"i*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being precipitated, or cast to the bottom, as a substance in solution. See <er>Precipitate</er>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld></def>

<h1>Precipitance, Precipitancy</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw><hw>Pre*cip"i*tance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pre*cip"i*tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Precipitant</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being precipitant, or precipitate; headlong hurry; excessive or rash haste in resolving, forming an opinion, or executing a purpose; precipitation; <as>as, the <ex>precipitancy</ex> of youth</as>.</def> "<i>Precipitance</i> of judgment."

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<h1>Precipitant</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cip"i*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecipitans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>praecipitare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82cipitant</ets>. See <er>Precipitate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Falling or rushing headlong; rushing swiftly, violently, or recklessly; moving precipitately.</def>

<blockquote>They leave their little lives
Above the clouds, <b>precipitant</b> to earth.
<i>J. Philips.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Should he return, that troop so blithe and bold,
<b>Precipitant</b> in fear would wing their flight.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unexpectedly or foolishly brought on or hastened; rashly hurried; hasty; sudden; reckless.</def> <i>Jer. Taylor</i>. "<i>Precipitant</i> rebellion." <i>Eikon Basilike</i>.

<h1>Precipitant</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cip"i*tant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any force or reagent which causes the formation of a precipitate.</def>

<h1>Precipitantly</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cip"i*tant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With rash or foolish haste; in headlong manner.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Precipitantness</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cip"i*tant*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being precipitant; precipitation.</def>

<h1>Precipitate</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cip"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecipitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praecipitare</ets> to precipitate, fr. <ets>praeceps</ets> headlong. See <er>Precipice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Overhasty; rash; <as>as, the king was too <ex>precipitate</ex> in declaring war</as>.</def>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lacking due deliberation or care; hurried; said or done before the time; <as>as, a <ex>precipitate</ex> measure</as>.</def> "The rapidity of our too <i>precipitate</i> course."

<i>Landor.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Falling, flowing, or rushing, with steep descent; headlong.</def>

<blockquote><b>Precipitate</b> the furious torrent flows.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Ending quickly in death; brief and fatal; <as>as, a <ex>precipitate</ex> case of disease</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Precipitate</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cip"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>praecipitatum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82cipit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An insoluble substance separated from a solution in a concrete state by the action of some reagent added to the solution, or of some force, such as heat or cold. The precipitate may fall to the bottom (whence the name), may be diffused through the solution, or may float at or near the surface.</def>

<cs><col>Red precipitate</col> <fld>(Old. Chem)</fld>, <cd>mercuric oxide (<chform>HgO</chform>) a heavy red crystalline powder obtained by heating mercuric nitrate, or by heating mercury in the air. Prepared in the latter manner, it was the <altname>precipitate per se</altname> of the alchemists.</cd> -- <col>White precipitate</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A heavy white amorphous powder (<chform>NH2.HgCl</chform>) obtained by adding ammonia to a solution of mercuric chloride or corrosive sublimate; -- formerly called also <altname>infusible white precipitate</altname>, and now <altname>amido-mercuric chloride</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A white crystalline substance obtained by adding a solution of corrosive sublimate to a solution of sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride); -- formerly called also <altname>fusible white precipitate</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Precipitate</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cip"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Precipitated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Precipitating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw headlong; to cast down from a precipice or height.</def>

<blockquote>She and her horse had been <b>precipitated</b> to the pebbled region of the river.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To urge or press on with eager haste or violence; to cause to happen, or come to a crisis, suddenly or too soon; <as>as, <ex>precipitate</ex> a journey, or a conflict</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Back to his sight <b>precipitates</b> her steps.
<i>Glover.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If they be daring, it may <b>precipitate</b> their designs, and prove dangerous.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To separate from a solution, or other medium, in the form of a precipitate; <as>as, water <ex>precipitates</ex> camphor when in solution with alcohol</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The light vapor of the preceding evening had been <b>precipitated</b> by the cold.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Precipitate</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cip"i*tate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dash or fall headlong.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>So many fathom down <b>precipitating</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hasten without preparation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To separate from a solution as a precipitate. See <er>Precipitate</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Precipitately</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cip"i*tate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a precipitate manner; headlong; hastily; rashly.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Precipitation</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cip`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecipitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82cipitation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of precipitating, or the state of being precipitated, or thrown headlong.</def>

<blockquote>In peril of <b>precipitation</b>
From off rock Tarpeian.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A falling, flowing, or rushing downward with violence and rapidity.</def>

<blockquote>The hurry, <b>precipitation</b>, and rapid motion of the water, returning . . . towards the sea.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Great hurry; rash, tumultuous haste; impetuosity.</def> "The <i>precipitation</i> of inexperience."

<i>Rambler.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The act or process from a solution.</def>

<h1>Precipitator</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cip"i*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecipitator</ets> an overthrower.]</ety> <def>One who precipitates, or urges on with vehemence or rashness.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Precipitious</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Prec`i*pi"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Precipitous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Prec`i*pi"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Precipitous</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cip"i*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeceps</ets>, <ets>-cipitis</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>precipiteux</ets>. See <er>Precipice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Steep, like a precipice; <as>as, a <ex>precipitous</ex> cliff or mountain</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Headlong; <as>as, <ex>precipitous</ex> fall</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hasty; rash; quick; sudden; precipitate; <as>as, <ex>precipitous</ex> attempts</as>. <i>Sir T. Browne</i>. "Marian's low, <i>precipitous</i></def> \'bfHush!'"

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pre*cip"i*tous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pre*cip"i*tous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pr</cis</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pr<?/`cis"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Precise</er>.]</ety> <def>A concise or abridged statement or view; an abstract; a summary.</def>

<h1>Precise</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*cise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecisus</ets> cut off, brief, concise, p. p. of <ets>praecidere</ets> to cut off in front, to cut off; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>caedere</ets> to cut: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82cis</ets>. Cf. <er>Concise</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having determinate limitations; exactly or sharply defined or stated; definite; exact; nice; not vague or equivocal; <as>as, <ex>precise</ex> rules of morality</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The law in this point is not <b>precise</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For the hour <b>precise</b>
Exacts our parting hence.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Strictly adhering or conforming to rule; very nice or exact; punctilious in conduct or ceremony; formal; ceremonious.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>He was ever <b>precise</b> in promise-keeping.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Accurate; exact; definite; correct; scrupulous; punctilious; particular; nice; formal. See <er>Accurate</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pre*cise"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pre*cise"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Precisian</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*ci"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who limits, or restrains.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An overprecise person; one rigidly or ceremoniously exact in the observance of rules; a formalist; -- formerly applied to the English Puritans.</def>

<blockquote>The most dissolute cavaliers stood aghast at the dissoluteness of the emancipated <b>precisian</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Precisianism</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*ci"sian*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being a precisian; the practice of a precisian.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Precisianist</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*ci"sian*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A precisian.</def>

<h1>Precision</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*ci"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82cision</ets>, L. <ets>praecisio</ets> a cutting off. See <er>Precise</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being precise; exact limitation; exactness; accuracy; strict conformity to a rule or a standard; definiteness.</def>

<blockquote>I have left out the utmost <b>precisions</b> of fractions.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Preciseness; exactness; accuracy; nicety.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Precision</er>, <er>Preciseness</er>. <i>Precision</i> is always used in a good sense; <as>as, <ex>precision</ex> of thought or language; <ex>precision</ex> in military evolutions</as>. <i>Preciseness</i> is sometimes applied to persons or their conduct in a disparaging sense, and <i>precise</i> is often used in the same way.</usage>

<h1>Precisive</h1>
<Xpage=1126>

<hw>Pre*ci"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cutting off; <fld>(Logic)</fld> exactly limiting by cutting off all that is not absolutely relative to the purpose; <as>as, <ex>precisive</ex> censure; <ex>precisive</ex> abstraction.</as></def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<hr>
<page="1127">
Page 1127<p>

<h1>Preclude</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre*clude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Precluded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Precluding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>praecludere</ets>, <ets>praeclusum</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>claudere</ets> to shut. See <er>Close</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put a barrier before; hence, to shut out; to hinder; to stop; to impede.</def>

<blockquote>The valves <b>preclude</b> the blood from entering the veins.
<i>E. Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To shut out by anticipative action; to prevent or hinder by necessary consequence or implication; to deter action of, access to, employment of, etc.; to render ineffectual; to obviate by anticipation.</def>

<blockquote>This much will obviate and <b>preclude</b> the objections.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Preclusion</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre*clu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeclusio</ets>. See <er>Preclude</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of precluding, or the state of being precluded; a shutting out.</def>

<h1>Preclusive</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre*clu"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shutting out; precluding, or tending to preclude; hindering.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pre*clu"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Precoce</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre*coce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82coce</ets>.]</ety> <def>Precocious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Precoces</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre"co*ces</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pr\'91coces</er>.</def>

<h1>Precocious</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre*co"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecox</ets>, <ets>-ocis</ets>, and <ets>praecoquus</ets>, fr. <ets>praecoquere</ets> to cook or ripen beforehand; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>coquere</ets> to cook. See 3d <er>Cook</er>, and cf. <er>Apricot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ripe or mature before the proper or natural time; early or prematurely ripe or developed; <as>as, <ex>precocious</ex> trees</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Developed more than is natural or usual at a given age; exceeding what is to be expected of one's years; too forward; -- used especially of mental forwardness; <as>as, a <ex>precocious</ex> child; <ex>precocious</ex> talents.</as></def>

<h1>Precociously</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre*co"cious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a precocious manner.</def>

<h1>Precociousness, Precocity</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw><hw>Pre*co"cious*ness</hw>, <hw>Pre*coc"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82cocit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being precocious; untimely ripeness; premature development, especially of the mental powers; forwardness.</def>

<blockquote>Saucy <b>precociousness</b> in learning.
<i>Bp. Mannyngham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That <b>precocity</b> which sometimes distinguishes uncommon genius.
<i>Wirt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Precoetanean</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre*co`e*ta"ne*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One contemporary with, but older than, another.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Precogitate</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre*cog"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecogitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praecogitare</ets>. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Cogitate</er>.]</ety> <def>To cogitate beforehand.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Precogita/tion</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre*cog`i*ta/tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecogitatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Previous cogitation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Precognition</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre`cog*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecognitio</ets>, fr. <ets>praecognoscere</ets> to foreknow. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Cognition</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Previous cognition.</def>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A preliminary examination of a criminal case with reference to a prosecution.</def>

<i>Erskine.</i>

<h1>Precognizable</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre*cog"ni*za*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cognizable beforehand.</def>

<h1>Precognosce</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre*cog"nosce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecognoscere</ets> to foreknow.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>To examine beforehand, as witnesses or evidence.</def>

<blockquote>A committee of nine <b>precognoscing</b> the chances.
<i>Masson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Precollection</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre`col*lec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A collection previously made.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Precompose</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre`com*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Precomposed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Precomposing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To compose beforehand.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Preconceit</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre`con*ceit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An opinion or notion formed beforehand; a preconception.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Preconceive</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre`con*ceive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Preconceived</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Preconceiving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To conceive, or form an opinion of, beforehand; to form a previous notion or idea of.</def>

<blockquote>In a dead plain the way seemeth the longer, because the eye hath <b>preconceived</b> it shorter than the truth.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Preconception</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre`con*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of preconceiving; conception or opinion previously formed.</def>

<h1>Preconcert</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre`con*cert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Preconcerted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Preconcerting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To concert or arrange beforehand; to settle by previous agreement.</def>

<h1>Preconcert</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre*con"cert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something concerted or arranged beforehand; a previous agreement.</def>

<h1>Preconcerted</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre`con*cert"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Previously arranged; agreed upon beforehand.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pre`con*cert"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pre`con*cert"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Preconcertion</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre`con*cer"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of preconcerting; preconcert.</def>

<i>Dr. T. Dwight.</i>

<h1>Precondemn</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre`con*demn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To condemn beforehand.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pre*con`dem*na"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Precondition</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre`con*di"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A previous or antecedent condition; a preliminary condition.</def>

<h1>Preconform</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre`con*form"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To conform by way anticipation.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Preconformity</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre`con*form"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anticipative or antecedent conformity.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Preconizate</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre*con"i*zate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82coniser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To proclaim; to publish; also, to summon; to call.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Preconization</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre*con`i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeconium</ets> a crying out in public, fr. <ets>praeco</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>, a crier, a herald: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82conisation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A publishing by proclamation; a public proclamation.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A formal approbation by the pope of a person nominated to an ecclesiastical dignity.</def>

<i>Addis & Arnold.</i>

<h1>Preconize</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre"con*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>To approve by preconization.</def>

<h1>Preconquer</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre*con"quer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To conquer in anticipation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Preconscious</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre*con""scious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a state before consciousness.</def>

<h1>Preconsent</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre`con*sent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A previous consent.</def>

<h1>Preconsign</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre`con*sign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Preconsigned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Preconsigning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To consign beforehand; to make a previous consignment of.</def>

<h1>Preconsolidated</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre`con*sol"i*da`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consolidated beforehand.</def>

<h1>Preconstitute</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pre*con"sti*tute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To constitute or establish beforehand.</def>

<h1>Precontract</h1>
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<hw>Pre`con*tract"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Precontracted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Precontracting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To contract, engage, or stipulate previously.</def>

<h1>Precontract</h1>
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<hw>Pre`con*tract"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a previous contract or agreement.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Precontract</h1>
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<hw>Pre*con"tract</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A contract preceding another</def>; especially <fld>(Law)</fld>, <def>a contract of marriage which, according to the ancient law, rendered void a subsequent marriage solemnized in violation of it.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Precontrive</h1>
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<hw>Pre`con*trive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To contrive or plan beforehand.</def>

<h1>Precoracoid</h1>
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<hw>Pre*cor"a*coid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The anterior part of the coracoid (often closely united with the clavicle) in the shoulder girdle of many reptiles and amphibians.</def>

<h1>Precordial</h1>
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<hw>Pre*cor"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pre-</ets> + L. <ets>cor</ets>, <ets>cordis</ets>, heart: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82cordial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated in front of the heart; of or pertaining to the pr\'91cordia.</def>

<h1>Precrural</h1>
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<hw>Pre*cru"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated in front of the leg or thigh; <as>as, the <ex>precrural</ex> glands of the horse</as>.</def>

<h1>Precurrer</h1>
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<hw>Pre*cur"rer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A precursor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Precurse</h1>
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<hw>Pre*curse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecursus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A forerunning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Precursive</h1>
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<hw>Pre*cur"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Preceding; introductory; precursory.</def> "A deep <i>precursive</i> sound."

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Precursor</h1>
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<hw>Pre*cur"sor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecursor</ets>, fr. <ets>praecurrere</ets> to run before; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>currere</ets> to run. See <er>Course</er>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, precedes an event, and indicates its approach; a forerunner; a harbinger.</def>

<blockquote>Evil thoughts are the invisible, airy <b>precursors</b> of all the storms and tempests of the soul.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Predecessor; forerunner; harbinger; messenger; omen; sign.</syn>

<h1>Precursorship</h1>
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<hw>Pre*cur"sor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The position or condition of a precursor.</def>

<i>Ruskin.</i>

<h1>Precursory</h1>
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<hw>Pre*cur"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praecursorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Preceding as a precursor or harbinger; indicating something to follow; <as>as, <ex>precursory</ex> symptoms of a fever</as>.</def>

<h1>Precursory</h1>
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<hw>Pre*cur"so*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An introduction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Predacean</h1>
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<hw>Pre*da"cean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeda</ets> prey.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carnivorous animal.</def>

<i>Kirby.</i>

<h1>Predaceous</h1>
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<hw>Pre*da"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeda</ets> prey. See <er>Prey</er>.]</ety> <def>Living by prey; predatory.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Predal</h1>
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<hw>Pre"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeda</ets> prey.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to prey; plundering; predatory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyse.</i>

<h1>Predate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*date"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To date anticipation; to affix to (a document) an earlier than the actual date; to antedate; <as>as, a <ex>predated</ex> deed or letter</as>.</def>

<h1>Predation</h1>
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<hw>Pre*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praedatio</ets>, fr. <ets>praedari</ets> to plunder.]</ety> <def>The act of pillaging.</def>

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<h1>Predatorily</h1>
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<hw>Pred"a*to*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a predatory manner.</def>

<h1>Predatory</h1>
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<hw>Pred"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praedatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>praedari</ets> to plunder, fr. <ets>praeda</ets> prey. See <er>Prey</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Characterized by plundering; practicing rapine; plundering; pillaging; <as>as, a <ex>predatory</ex> excursion; a <ex>predatory</ex> party.</as></def> "A <i>predatory</i> war."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hungry; ravenous; <as>as, <ex>predatory</ex> spirits</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Exercise . . . maketh the spirits more hot and <b>predatory</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Living by preying upon other animals; carnivorous.</def>

<h1>Prede</h1>
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<hw>Prede</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praedari</ets>. See <er>Prey</er>.]</ety> <def>To prey; to plunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Prede</h1>
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<hw>Prede</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Prey; plunder; booty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Predecay</h1>
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<hw>Pre"de*cay`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Premature decay.</def>

<h1>Predecease</h1>
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<hw>Pre`de*cease</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To die sooner than.</def> "If children <i>predecease</i> progenitors."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Predecease</h1>
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<hw>Pre"de*cease`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The death of one person or thing before another.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Brougham.</i>

<h1>Predecessive</h1>
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<hw>Pred`e*ces"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Going before; preceding.</def> "Our <i>predecessive</i> students."

<i>Massinger.</i>

<h1>Predecessor</h1>
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<hw>Pred`e*ces"sor</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praedecessor</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>decessor</ets> one who withdraws from the province he has governed, a retiring officer (with reference to his successor), a predecessor, fr. <ets>decedere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82d\'82cesseur</ets>. See <er>Decease</er>.]</ety> <def>One who precedes; one who has preceded another in any state, position, office, etc.; one whom another follows or comes after, in any office or position.</def>

<blockquote>A prince who was as watchful as his <b>predecessor</b> had been over the interests of the state.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Predeclare</h1>
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<hw>Pre`de*clare"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To declare or announce beforehand; to preannounce.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Prededication</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ded`i*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dedication made previously or beforehand.</def>

<h1>Predefine</h1>
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<hw>Pre`de*fine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To define beforehand.</def>

<h1>Predeliberation</h1>
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<hw>Pre`de*lib`er*a"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Previous deliberation.</def>

<h1>Predelineation</h1>
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<hw>Pre`de*lin`e*a"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Previous delineation.</def>

<h1>Predella</h1>
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<hw>Pre*del"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>The step, or raised secondary part, of an altar; a superaltar; hence, in Italian painting, a band or frieze of several pictures running along the front of a superaltar, or forming a border or frame at the foot of an altarpiece.</def>

<h1>Predesign</h1>
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<hw>Pre`de*sign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To design or purpose beforehand; to predetermine.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Predesignate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*des"ig*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A term used by Sir William Hamilton to define propositions having their quantity indicated by a verbal sign; <as>as, <ex>all</ex>, <ex>none</ex>, etc</as>.; -- contrasted with <i>preindesignate</i>, defining propositions of which the quantity is not so indicated.</def>

<h1>Predestinarian</h1>
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<hw>Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to predestination; <as>as, the <ex>predestinarian</ex> controversy</as>.</def>

<i>Waterland.</i>

<h1>Predestinarian</h1>
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<hw>Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who believes in or supports the doctrine of predestination.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Predestinarianism</h1>
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<hw>Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The system or doctrine of the predestinarians.</def>

<h1>Predestinary</h1>
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<hw>Pre*des"ti*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Predestinarian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Heylin.</i>

<h1>Predestinate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*des"ti*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praedestinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praedestinare</ets> to predestine; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>destinare</ets> to determine. See <er>Destine</er>.]</ety> <def>Predestinated; foreordained; fated.</def> "A <i>predestinate</i> scratched face."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Predestinate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*des"ti*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Predestinated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Predestinating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Predestine</er>.]</ety> <def>To predetermine or foreordain; to appoint or ordain beforehand by an unchangeable purpose or decree; to pre\'89lect.</def>

<blockquote>Whom he did foreknow, he also did <b>predestinate</b> to be conformed to the image of his Son.
<i>Rom. viii. 29.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To predetermine; foreordain; preordain; decree; predestine; foredoom.</syn>

<h1>Predestination</h1>
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<hw>Pre*des`ti*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praedestinatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82destination</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of predestinating.</def>

<blockquote><b>Predestination</b> had overruled their will.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The purpose of Good from eternity respecting all events; especially, the preordination of men to everlasting happiness or misery. See <er>Calvinism</er>.</def>

<h1>Predestinative</h1>
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<hw>Pre*des"ti*na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Determining beforehand; predestinating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Predestinator</h1>
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<hw>Pre*des"ti*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82destinateur</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who predestinates, or foreordains.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who holds to the doctrine of predestination; a predestinarian.</def>

<i>Cowley.</i>

<h1>Predestine</h1>
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<hw>Pre*des"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Predestined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Predestining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82destiner</ets>. See <er>Predestinate</er>.]</ety> <def>To decree beforehand; to foreordain; to predestinate.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Predestiny</h1>
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<hw>Pre*des"ti*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Predestination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Predeterminable</h1>
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<hw>Pre`de*ter"mi*na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being determined beforehand.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Predeterminate</h1>
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<hw>Pre`de*ter"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Determined beforehand; <as>as, the <ex>predeterminate</ex> counsel of God</as>.</def>

<h1>Predetermination</h1>
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<hw>Pre`de*ter`mi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82d\'82termination</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of previous determination; a purpose formed beforehand; <as>as, the <ex>predetermination</ex> of God's will</as>.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Predetermine</h1>
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<hw>Pre`de*ter"mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Predetermined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Predermining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pre-</ets> + <ets>determine</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82d\'82terminer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To determine (something) beforehand.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To doom by previous decree; to foredoom.</def>

<h1>Predetermine</h1>
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<hw>Pre`de*ter"mine</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To determine beforehand.</def>

<h1>Predial</h1>
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<hw>Pre"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praedium</ets> a farm, estate: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82dial</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of land or farms; landed; <as>as, <ex>predial</ex> estate</as>; that is, real estate.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attached to land or farms; <as>as, <ex>predial</ex> slaves</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Issuing or derived from land; <as>as, <ex>predial</ex> tithes</as>.</def>

<h1>Prediastolic</h1>
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<hw>Pre*di`as*tol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Preceding the diastole of the heart; <as>as, a <ex>prediastolic</ex> friction sound</as>.</def>

<h1>Predicability</h1>
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<hw>Pred`i*ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being predicable, or affirmable of something, or attributed to something.</def>

<i>Reid.</i>

<h1>Predicable</h1>
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<hw>Pred"i*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82dicable</ets>, L. <ets>praedicabilis</ets> praiseworthy. See <er>Predicate</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being predicated or affirmed of something; affirmable; attributable.</def>

<h1>Predicable</h1>
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<hw>Pred"i*ca*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything affirmable of another; especially, a general attribute or notion as affirmable of, or applicable to, many individuals.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>One of the five most general relations of attributes involved in logical arrangements, namely, genus, species, difference, property, and accident.</def>

<h1>Predicament</h1>
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<hw>Pre*dic"a*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82dicament</ets>, L. <ets>praedicamentum</ets>. See <er>Predicate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A class or kind described by any definite marks; hence, condition; particular situation or state; especially, an unfortunate or trying position or condition.</def> "O woeful sympathy; piteous <i>predicament</i>!"

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>See <er>Category</er>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Category; condition; state; plight.</syn>

<h1>Predicamental</h1>
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<hw>Pre*dic`a*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a predicament.</def>

<i>John Hall (1646).</i>

<h1>Predicant</h1>
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<hw>Pred"i*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praedicans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>praedicare</ets>. See <er>Predicate</er>.]</ety> <def>Predicating; affirming; declaring; proclaiming; hence; preaching.</def> "The Roman <i>predicant</i> orders."

<i>N. Brit. Rev.</i>

<h1>Predicant</h1>
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<hw>Pred"i*cant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who predicates, affirms, or proclaims; specifically, a preaching friar; a Dominican.</def>

<h1>Predicate</h1>
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<hw>Pred"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Predicated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Predicating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>praedicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praedicare</ets> to cry in public, to proclaim. See <er>Preach</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To assert to belong to something; to affirm (one thing of another); <as>as, to <ex>predicate</ex> whiteness of snow</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To found; to base.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<note>&hand; <i>Predicate</i> is sometimes used in the United States for <i>found</i> or <i>base</i>; as, to <i>predicate</i> an argument <i>on</i> certain principles; to <i>predicate</i> a statement <i>on</i> information received. <i>Predicate</i> is a term in logic, and used only in a single case, namely, when we affirm one thing <i>of</i> another. "Similitude is not <i>predicated</i> of essences or substances, but of figures and qualities only."</note>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Predicate</h1>
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<hw>Pred"i*cate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To affirm something of another thing; to make an affirmation.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Predicate</h1>
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<hw>Pred"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praedicatum</ets>, neut. of <ets>praedicatus</ets>, p. p. <ets>praedicare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82dicat</ets>. See <er>Predicate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>That which is affirmed or denied of the subject. In these propositions, "<i>Paper is white</i>,"  "<i>Ink is not white</i>,"  <i>whiteness</i> is the <i>predicate</i> affirmed of paper and denied of ink.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The word or words in a proposition which express what is affirmed of the subject.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Affirmation; declaration.</syn>

<h1>Predicate</h1>
<Xpage=1127>

<hw>Pred"i*cate</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praedicatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Predicated.</def>

<h1>Predication</h1>
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<hw>Pred`i*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praedicatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82dication</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of predicating, or of affirming one thing of another; affirmation; assertion.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Preaching.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Predicative</h1>
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<hw>Pred"i*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praedicativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expressing affirmation or predication; affirming; predicating, <as>as, a <ex>predicative</ex> term</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pred"i*ca*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Predicatory</h1>
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<hw>Pred"i*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>praedicatorius</ets> praising.]</ety> <def>Affirmative; positive.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<hr>
<page="1128">
Page 1128<p>

<h1>Predicrotic</h1>
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<hw>Pre`di*crot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A term applied to the pulse wave sometimes seen in a pulse curve or sphygmogram, between the apex of the curve and the dicrotic wave.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>predicrotic</b> or tidal wave is best marked in a hard pulse, <it>i. e.</it>, where the blood pressure is high.
<i>Landois & Stirling.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Predict</h1>
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<hw>Pre*dict"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Predicted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Predicting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>praedictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praedicere</ets> to predict; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>dicere</ets> to say, tell. See <er>Diction</er>, and cf. <er>Preach</er>.]</ety> <def>To tell or declare beforehand; to foretell; to prophesy; to presage; <as>as, to <ex>predict</ex> misfortune; to <ex>predict</ex> the return of a comet.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To foretell; prophesy; prognosticate; presage; forebode; foreshow; bode.</syn>

<h1>Predict</h1>
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<hw>Pre*dict"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A prediction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Predictable</h1>
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<hw>Pre*dict"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be predicted.</def>

<h1>Prediction</h1>
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<hw>Pre*dic"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praedictio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82diction</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of foretelling; also, that which is foretold; prophecy.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>predictions</b> of cold and long winters.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Prophecy; prognostication; foreboding; augury; divination; soothsaying; vaticination.</syn>

<h1>Predictional</h1>
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<hw>Pre*dic"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Prophetic; prognostic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Predictive</h1>
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<hw>Pre*dict"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praedictivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Foretelling; prophetic; foreboding.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pre*dict"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Predictor</h1>
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<hw>Pre*dict"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who predicts; a foreteller.</def>

<h1>Predictory</h1>
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<hw>Pre*dict"o*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Predictive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Predigest</h1>
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<hw>Pre`di*gest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To subject (food) to predigestion or artificial digestion.</def>

<h1>Predigestion</h1>
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<hw>Pre`di*ges"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Digestion too soon performed; hasty digestion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Artificial digestion of food for use in illness or impaired digestion.</def>

<h1>Predilect</h1>
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<hw>Pre`di*lect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To elect or choose beforehand.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Walter Harte.</i>

<h1>Predilection</h1>
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<hw>Pre`di*lec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pre-</ets> + L. <ets>dilectus</ets>, p. p. <ets>diligere</ets> to prefer: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82dilection</ets>. See <er>Diligent</er>.]</ety> <def>A previous liking; a prepossession of mind in favor of something; predisposition to choose or like; partiality.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Prediscover</h1>
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<hw>Pre`dis*cov"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To discover beforehand.</def>

<h1>Prediscovery</h1>
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<hw>Pre`dis*cov"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A previous discovery.</def>

<h1>Predisponency</h1>
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<hw>Pre`dis*po"nen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being predisposed; predisposition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Predisponent</h1>
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<hw>Pre`dis*po"nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disposing beforehand; predisposing.</def></def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>That which predisposes.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Predisponent causes</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Predisposing causes</cref>, under <er>Predispose</er>.</cd></cs>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Predispose</h1>
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<hw>Pre`dis*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Predisposed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Predisposing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pre-</ets> + <ets>dispose</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82disposer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dispose or incline beforehand; to give a predisposition or bias to; <as>as, to <ex>predispose</ex> the mind to friendship</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make fit or susceptible beforehand; to give a tendency to; <as>as, debility <ex>predisposes</ex> the body to disease</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Predisposing causes</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>causes which render the body liable to disease; predisponent causes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Predisposition</h1>
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<hw>Pre*dis`po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[Pref. <ets>pre-</ets> + <ets>disposition</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82disposition</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of predisposing, or the state of being predisposed; previous inclination, tendency, or propensity; predilection; -- applied to the mind; <as>as, a <ex>predisposition</ex> to anger</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Previous fitness or adaptation to any change, impression, or purpose; susceptibility; -- applied to material things; <as>as, the <ex>predisposition</ex> of the body to disease</as>.</def>

<h1>Predominance</h1>
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<hw>Pre*dom"i*nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82dominance</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being predominant; superiority; ascendency; prevalence; predomination.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>predominance</b> of conscience over interest.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The superior influence of a planet.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Predominancy</h1>
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<hw>Pre*dom"i*nan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Predominance.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Predominant</h1>
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<hw>Pre*dom"i*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82dominant</ets>. See <er>Predominante</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the ascendency over others; superior in strength, influence, or authority; prevailing; <as>as, a <ex>predominant</ex> color; <ex>predominant</ex> excellence.</as></def>

<blockquote>Those help . . . were <b>predominant</b> in the king's mind.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Foul subordination is <b>predominant</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Prevalent; superior; prevailing; ascendant; ruling; reigning; controlling; overruling.</syn>

<h1>Predominantly</h1>
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<hw>Pre*dom"i*nant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a predominant manner.</def>

<h1>Predominate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*dom"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Predominated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Predominating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pre-</ets> + <ets>dominate</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82dominer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To be superior in number, strength, influence, or authority; to have controlling power or influence; to prevail; to rule; to have the mastery; <as>as, love <ex>predominated</ex> in her heart</as>.</def>

<blockquote>[Certain] rays may <b>predominate</b> over the rest.
<i>Sir. I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Predominate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*dom"i*nate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To rule over; to overpower.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Predomination</h1>
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<hw>Pre*dom`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82domination</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or state of predominating; ascendency; predominance.</def>

<i>W. Browne.</i>

<h1>Predoom</h1>
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<hw>Pre*doom"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To foredoom.</def>

<h1>Predorsal</h1>
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<hw>Pre*dor"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated in front of the back; immediately in front, or on the ventral side the dorsal part of the vertebral column.</def>

<h1>Predy</h1>
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<hw>Pre"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'88t</ets> ready.]</ety> <def>Cleared and ready for engagement, as a ship.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Preedy</h1>
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<hw>Preed"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With ease.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Preef</h1>
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<hw>Preef</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Proof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pre\'89lect</h1>
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<hw>Pre`\'89*lect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To elect beforehand.</def>

<h1>Pre\'89lection</h1>
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<hw>Pre`\'89*lec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Election beforehand.</def>

<h1>Pre\'89minence</h1>
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<hw>Pre*\'89m"i*nence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82\'82minence</ets>, L. <ets>praeeminentia</ets>. See <er>Pre\'89minent</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being pre\'89minent; superiority in prominence or in excellence; distinction above others in quality, rank, etc.; rarely, in a bad sense, superiority or notoriety in evil; <as>as, <ex>pre\'89minence</ex> in honor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>pre\'89minence</b> of Christianity to any other religious scheme.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Painful <b>pre\'89minence</b>! yourself to view
Above life's weakness, and its comforts too.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Beneath the forehead's walled <b>pre\'89minence</b>.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pre\'89minent</h1>
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<hw>Pre*\'89m"i*nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeminens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. <ets>praeminere</ets> to be prominent, to surpass: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82\'82minent</ets>. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Eminent</er>.]</ety> <def>Eminent above others; prominent among those who are eminent; superior in excellence; surpassing, or taking precedence of, others; rarely, surpassing others in evil, or in bad qualities; <as>as, <ex>pre\'89minent</ex> in guilt</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In goodness and in power <b>pre\'89minent</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pre\'89minently</h1>
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<hw>Pre*\'89m"i*nent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pre\'89minent degree.</def>

<h1>Pre\'89mploy</h1>
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<hw>Pre`\'89m*ploy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To employ beforehand.</def> "<i>Pre\'89mployed</i> by him."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pre\'89mpt</h1>
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<hw>Pre*\'89mpt"</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pre\'89mpted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pre\'89mpting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Pre\'89mption</er>.]</ety> <def>To settle upon (public land) with a right of preemption, as under the laws of the United States; to take by pre\'89mption.</def>

<h1>Pre\'89mption</h1>
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<hw>Pre*\'89mp"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pre-</ets> + <ets>emption</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82emption</ets>. See <er>Redeem</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or right of purchasing before others.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The privilege or prerogative formerly enjoyed by the king of buying provisions for his household in preference to others.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The right of an actual settler upon public lands (particularly those of the United States) to purchase a certain portion at a fixed price in preference to all other applicants.</def> <i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Pre\'89mptioner</h1>
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<hw>Pre*\'89mp"tion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who holds a prior to purchase certain public land.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Pre\'89mptive</h1>
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<hw>Pre*\'89mp"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to pre\'89mption; having power to pre\'89mpt; pre\'89mpting.</def>

<h1>Pre\'89mtor</h1>
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<hw>Pre*\'89mt"or</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>praeemptor</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who pre\'89mpts; esp., one who pre\'89mpts public land.</def>

<h1>Pre\'89mptory</h1>
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<hw>Pre*\'89mpt"o*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to pre\'89mption.</def>

<h1>Preen</h1>
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<hw>Preen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>pre\'a2n</ets> a clasp, bodkin; akin to D. <ets>priem</ets> punch, bodkin, awl, G. <ets>pfriem</ets>, Icel. <ets>prj&omac;nn</ets> a knitting needle, pin, Dan. <ets>preen</ets> a bodkin, punch.]</ety> <def>A forked tool used by clothiers in dressing cloth.</def>

<h1>Preen</h1>
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<hw>Preen</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Preened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Preening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Preen</er>, <tt>n.<tt>; or cf. <er>Prune</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dress with, or as with, a preen; to trim or dress with the beak, as the feathers; -- said of birds.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To trim up, as trees.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i> Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Pre\'89ngage</h1>
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<hw>Pre`\'89n*gage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pre\'89ngaged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pre\'89ngaging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To engage by previous contract; to bind or attach previously; to preoccupy.</def>

<blockquote>But he was <b>pre\'89ngaged</b> by former ties.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pre\'89ngagement</h1>
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<hw>Pre`\'89n*gage"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Prior engagement, obligation, or attachment, as by contract, promise, or affection.</def>

<blockquote>My <b>pre\'89ngagements</b> to other themes were not unknown to those for whom I was to write.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pre\'89rect</h1>
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<hw>Pre`\'89*rect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To erect beforehand.</def>

<h1>Prees</h1>
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<hw>Prees</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Press; throng.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pre\'89stablish</h1>
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<hw>Pre`\'89s*tab"lish</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To establish beforehand.</def>

<h1>Pre\'89stablishment</h1>
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<hw>Pre`\'89s*tab"lish*ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Settlement beforehand.</def>

<h1>Pre\'89ternity</h1>
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<hw>Pre`\'89*ter"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Infinite previous duration.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The world's <i>pre\'89ternity</i>."

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Pre\'89xamination</h1>
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<hw>Pre`\'89x*am`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Previous examination.</def>

<h1>Pre\'89xamine</h1>
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<hw>Pre`\'89x*am"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pre\'89xamined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pre\'89xamining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To examine beforehand.</def>
<-- in orig, "perexamined" had no dieresis over the second "e" because it was broken by a hyphen at the end of a line.  Thus this transcription is in such cases style of the original rather than typographically identical.  Similarly, above at "preengaged" and below, at "preexist" -->

<h1>Pre\'89xist</h1>
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<hw>Pre`\'89x*ist"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pre\'89xisted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pre\'89xisting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To exist previously; to exist before something else.</def>

<h1>Pre\'89xistence</h1>
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<hw>Pre`\'89x*ist"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Existence in a former state, or previous to something else.</def>

<blockquote>Wisdom declares her antiquity and <b>pre\'89xistence</b> to all the works of this earth.
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Existence of the soul before its union with the body; -- a doctrine held by certain philosophers.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Pre\'89xistency</h1>
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<hw>Pre`\'89x*ist"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pre\'89xistence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pre\'89xistent</h1>
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<hw>Pre`\'89x*ist"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Existing previously; preceding existence; <as>as, a <ex>pre\'89xistent</ex> state</as>.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Pre\'89xistentism</h1>
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<hw>Pre`\'89x*ist"ent*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The theory of a pre\'89xistence of souls before their association with human bodies.</def>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Pre\'89xistimation</h1>
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<hw>Pre`\'89x*is`ti*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Previous esteem or estimation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Pre\'89xpectation</h1>
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<hw>Pre*\'89x`pec*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Previous expectation.</def>

<h1>Preface</h1>
<Xpage=1128>

<hw>Pref"ace</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82face</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>prefacio</ets>, <ets>prefacion</ets>, It. <ets>prefazio</ets>, <ets>prefazione</ets>; all fr. L. <ets>praefatio</ets>, fr. <ets>praefari</ets> to speak or say beforehand; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>fari</ets>, <ets>fatus</ets>, to speak. See <er>Fate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something spoken as introductory to a discourse, or written as introductory to a book or essay; a proem; an introduction, or series of preliminary remarks.</def>

<blockquote>This superficial tale
Is but a <b>preface</b> of her worthy praise.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Heaven's high behest no <b>preface</b> needs.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The prelude or introduction to the canon of the Mass.</def>

<i>Addis & Arnold.</i>

<cs><col>Proper preface</col> <fld>(Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>a portion of the communion service, preceding the prayer of consecration, appointed for certain seasons.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Introduction; preliminary; preamble; proem; prelude; prologue.</syn>

<h1>Preface</h1>
<Xpage=1128>

<hw>Pref"ace</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prefaced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prefacing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To introduce by a preface; to give a preface to; <as>as, to <ex>preface</ex> a book discourse</as>.</def>

<h1>Preface</h1>
<Xpage=1128>

<hw>Pref"ace</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a preface.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Prefacer</h1>
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<hw>Pref"a*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The writer of a preface.</def>

<h1>Prefatorial</h1>
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<hw>Pref`a*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Prefatory.</def>

<h1>Prefatorily</h1>
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<hw>Pref"a*to*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a prefatory manner; by way of preface.</def>

<h1>Prefatory</h1>
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<hw>Pref"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a preface; introductory to a book, essay, or discourse; <as>as, <ex>prefatory</ex> remarks</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>prefatory</b> addition to the Creed.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prefect</h1>
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<hw>Pre"fect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praefectus</ets>, fr. <ets>praefectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praeficere</ets> to set over; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82fet</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A Roman officer who controlled or superintended a particular command, charge, department, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>prefect</ex> of the aqueducts; the <ex>prefect</ex> of a camp, of a fleet, of the city guard, of provisions; the pretorian <ex>prefect</ex>, who was commander of the troops guarding the emperor's person.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A superintendent of a department who has control of its police establishment, together with extensive powers of municipal regulation.</def> <mark>[France]</mark>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In the Greek and Roman Catholic churches, a title of certain dignitaries below the rank of bishop.</def>

<cs><col>Apostolic prefect</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>the head of a mission, not of episcopal rank.</cd></cs>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Prefectorial</h1>
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<hw>Pre`fec*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a prefect.</def>

<h1>Prefectship</h1>
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<hw>Pre"fect*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or jurisdiction of a prefect.</def>

<h1>Prefecture</h1>
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<hw>Pre"fec*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praefectura</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82fecture</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office, position, or jurisdiction of a prefect; also, his official residence.</def>

<h1>Prefecundation</h1>
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<hw>Pre*fec`un*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A term collectively applied to the changes or conditions preceding fecundation, especially to the changes which the ovum undergoes before fecundation.</def>

<h1>Prefecundatory</h1>
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<hw>Pre`fe*cun"da*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to prefecundation.</def>

<h1>Prefer</h1>
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<hw>Pre*fer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Preferred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Preferring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82f\'82rer</ets>, L. <ets>praeferre</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear or carry. See 1st <er>Bear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To carry or bring (something) forward, or before one; hence, to bring for consideration, acceptance, judgment, etc.; to offer; to present; to proffer; to address; -- said especially of a request, prayer, petition, claim, charge, etc.</def>

<blockquote>He spake, and to her hand <b>preferred</b> the bowl.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Presently <b>prefer</b> his suit to C\'91sar.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Three tongues <b>prefer</b> strange orisons on high.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To go before, or be before, in estimation; to outrank; to surpass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Though maidenhood <i>prefer</i> bigamy."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to go before; hence, to advance before others, as to an office or dignity; to raise; to exalt; to promote; <as>as, to <ex>prefer</ex> an officer to the rank of general</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I would <b>prefer</b> him to a better place.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To set above or before something else in estimation, favor, or liking; to regard or honor before another; to hold in greater favor; to choose rather; -- often followed by <i>to</i>, <i>before</i>, or <i>above</i>.</def>

<blockquote>If I <b>prefer</b> not Jerusalem above my chief joy.
<i>Ps. cxxxvii. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Preferred</b> an infamous peace before a most just war.
<i>Knolles.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Preferred stock</col>, <cd>stock which takes a dividend before other capital stock; -- called also <altname>preference stock</altname> and <altname>preferential stock</altname>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To choose; elect. See <er>Choose</er>.</syn>

<h1>Preferability</h1>
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<hw>Pref`er*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being preferable; preferableness.</def>

<i>J. S. Mill.</i>

<h1>Preferable</h1>
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<hw>Pref"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82f\'82rable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Worthy to be preferred or chosen before something else; more desirable; <as>as, a <ex>preferable</ex> scheme</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Preferableness</h1>
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<hw>Pref"er*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being preferable.</def>

<h1>Preferably</h1>
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<hw>Pref"er*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In preference; by choice.</def>

<blockquote>To choose Plautus <b>preferably</b> to Terence.
<i>Dennis.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Preference</h1>
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<hw>Pref"er*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82f\'82rence</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of Preferring, or the state of being preferred; the setting of one thing before another; precedence; higher estimation; predilection; choice; also, the power or opportunity of choosing; <as>as, to give him his <ex>preference</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Leave the critics on either side to contend about the <b>preference</b> due to this or that sort of poetry.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Knowledge of things alone gives a value to our reasonings, and <b>preference</b> of one man's knowledge over another's.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is preferred; the object of choice or superior favor; as, which is your <i>preference</i>?</def>

<h1>Preferential</h1>
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<hw>Pref`er*en"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giving, indicating, or having a preference or precedence; <as>as, a <ex>preferential</ex> claim; <ex>preferential</ex> shares.</as></def>

<h1>Preferment</h1>
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<hw>Pre*fer"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of choosing, or the state of being chosen; preference.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Natural <b>preferment</b> of the one . . . before the other.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of preferring, or advancing in dignity or office; the state of being advanced; promotion.</def>

<blockquote>Neither royal blandishments nor promises of valuable <b>preferment</b> had been spared.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A position or office of honor or profit; <as>as, the <ex>preferments</ex> of the church</as>.</def>

<h1>Preferrer</h1>
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<hw>Pre*fer"rer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who prefers.</def>

<h1>Prefidence</h1>
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<hw>Pref"i*dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being prefident.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Baxter.</i>

<h1>Prefident</h1>
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<hw>Pref"i*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>praefidens</ets> overconfident. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Confident</er>.]</ety> <def>Trusting beforehand; hence, overconfident.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Baxter.</i>

<h1>Prefigurate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*fig"u*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praefiguratus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Prefigure</er>.]</ety> <def>To prefigure.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Grafton.</i>

<h1>Prefiguration</h1>
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<hw>Pre*fig`u*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praefiguratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of prefiguring, or the state of being prefigured.</def>

<blockquote>A variety of prophecies and <b>prefigurations</b>.
<i>Norris.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prefigurative</h1>
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<hw>Pre*fig"ur*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Showing by prefiguration.</def> "The <i>prefigurative</i> atonement."

<i>Bp. Horne.</i>

<h1>Prefigure</h1>
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<hw>Pre*fig"ure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prefigured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prefiguring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82figurer</ets>, or L. <ets>praefigurare</ets>, <ets>praefiguratum</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>figurare</ets> to figure. See <er>Figure</er>, and cf. <er>Prefigurate</er>.]</ety> <def>To show, suggest, or announce, by antecedent types and similitudes; to foreshadow.</def> "Whom all the various types <i>prefigured</i>."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Prefigurement</h1>
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<hw>Pre*fig"ure*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of prefiguring; prefiguration; also, that which is prefigured.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Prefine</h1>
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<hw>Pre*fine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praefinire</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>finire</ets> to limit, determine: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82finer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To limit beforehand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Knolles.</i>

<hr>
<page="1129">
Page 1129<p>

<h1>Prefinite</h1>
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<hw>Pre*fi"nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praefinitus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Prearranged.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " Set and <i>prefinite</i> time."

<i> Holland.</i>

<h1>Prefinition</h1>
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<hw>Pref`i*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praefinitio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Previous limitation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Prefix</h1>
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<hw>Pre*fix"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prefixed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prefixing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>praefixus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praefigere</ets> to fix or fasten before; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>figere</ets> to fix: cf. F. <ets>pr</ets>\'82<ets>fix</ets> fixed beforehand, determined, <ets>pr</ets>\'82<ets>fixer</ets> to prefix. See Fix.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To put or fix before, or at the beginning of, another thing; <as>as, to <ex>prefix</ex> a syllable to a word, or a condition to an agreement</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To set or appoint beforehand; to settle or establish antecedently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " <i>Prefixed</i> bounds. "

<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>And now he hath to her <b>prefixt</b> a day.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prefix</h1>
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<hw>Pre"fix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr</ets>\'82<ets>fixe</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which is prefixed; esp., one or more letters or syllables combined or united with the beginning of a word to modify its signification; <as>as, <ex>pre-</ex> in <ex>pre</ex>fix, <ex>con-</ex> in <ex>con</ex>jure</as>.</def>

<h1>Prefixion</h1>
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<hw>Pre*fix"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>prefixion</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of prefixing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Prefloration</h1>
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<hw>Pre`flo*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pre-</ets> + L. <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>\'92stivation.</def>

<h1>Prefoliation</h1>
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<hw>Pre*fo`li*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pre-</ets> + L. <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Vernation.</def>

<h1>Preform</h1>
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<hw>Pre*form"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeformare</ets>. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Form</er>.]</ety> <def>To form beforehand, or for special ends.</def> "Their natures and <i>preformed</i> faculties. "

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Preformation</h1>
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<hw>Pre`for*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An old theory of the pre\'89xistence of germs. Cf. <er>Embo&icir;tement</er>.</def>

<h1>Preformative</h1>
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<hw>Pre*form"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A formative letter at the beginning of a word.</def>

<i>M. Stuart.</i>

<h1>Prefrontal</h1>
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<hw>Pre*fron"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Situated in front of the frontal bone, or the frontal region of the skull; ectethmoid, as a certain bone in the nasal capsule of many animals, and certain scales of reptiles and fishes.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A prefrontal bone or scale.</def></def2>

<h1>Prefulgency</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ful"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praefulgens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>praefulgere</ets> to shine forth. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Fulgent</er>.]</ety> <def>Superior brightness or effulgency.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Pregage</h1>
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<hw>Pre*gage"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pre\'89ngage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Preglacial</h1>
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<hw>Pre*gla"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Prior to the glacial or drift period.</def>

<h1>Pregnable</h1>
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<hw>Preg"na*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt>, <ety>[F. <ets>prenable</ets>. See <er>Impregnable</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being entered, taken, or captured; expugnable; <as>as, a <ex>pregnable</ex> fort</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Pregnance</h1>
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<hw>Preg"nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pregnancy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Pregnancy</h1>
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<hw>Preg"nan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of being pregnant; the state of being with young.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Figuratively: The quality of being heavy with important contents, issue, significance, etc.; unusual consequence or capacity; fertility.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Pregnant</h1>
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<hw>Preg"nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praegnans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>genere</ets>, <ets>gignere</ets>, to beget: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82gnant</ets>.  See <er>Gender</er>, 2d <er>Kin</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Being with young, as a female; having conceived; great with young; breeding; teeming; gravid; preparing to bring forth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Heavy with important contents, significance, or issue; full of consequence or results; weighty; <as>as, <ex>pregnant</ex> replies</as>.</def> " A <i>pregnant</i> argument." <i>Prynne</i>. " A <i>pregnant</i> brevity."<-- pregnant silence -->

<i>E. Everett.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Full of promise; abounding in ability, resources, etc.; <as>as, a <ex>pregnant</ex> youth</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<blockquote>Wherein the <b>pregnant</b> enemy does much.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Pregnant construction</col> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld>, <cd>one in which more is implied than is said; as, the beasts <i>trembled forth</i> from their dens, that is, came forth trembling with fright.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pregnant</h1>
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<hw>Preg"nant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pregnant woman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Pregnant</h1>
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<hw>Preg"nant</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>prenant</ets> taking. Cf. <er>Pregnable</er>.]</ety> <def>Affording entrance; receptive; yielding; willing; open; prompt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " <i>Pregnant</i> to good pity."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pregnantly</h1>
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<hw>Preg"nant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pregnant manner; fruitfully; significantly.</def>

<h1>Pregnantly</h1>
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<hw>Preg"nant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Unresistingly; openly; hence, clearly; evidently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pregravate</h1>
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<hw>Pre"gra*vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praegravatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praegravare</ets> to be heavy upon, fr. <ets>praegravis</ets> very heavy.]</ety> <def>To bear down; to depress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Pregravitate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*grav"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To descend by gravity; to sink.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Pregustant</h1>
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<hw>Pre*gus"tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praegustans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>praegustare</ets> to taste beforehand; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>gustare</ets> to taste.]</ety> <def>Tasting beforehand; having a foretaste.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ed. Rev.</i>

<h1>Pregustation</h1>
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<hw>Pre`gus*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of tasting beforehand; foretaste.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. Walker (1678).</i>

<h1>Prehallux</h1>
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<hw>Pre*hal"lux</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.  See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Hallux</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An extra first toe, or rudiment of a toe, on the preaxial side of the hallux.</def>

<h1>Prehend</h1>
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<hw>Pre*hend"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prehendere</ets>. See <er>Prehensile</er>.]</ety> <def>To lay hold of; to seize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Middleton.</i>

<h1>Prehensi-ble</h1>
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<hw>Pre*hen"si-ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82hensible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being seized.</def>

<h1>Prehensile</h1>
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<hw>Pre*hen"sile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prehensus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>prehendere</ets> to lay hold of, seize; <ets>pre-</ets> (equiv. to <ets>prae</ets> before) + <ets>hendere</ets> (in comp.), akin to <er>E</er>. <ets>get</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82hensile</ets>. See <er>Get</er>, and cf. <er>Prison</er>, <er>Prize</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <def>Adapted to seize or grasp; seizing; grasping; <as>as, the <ex>prehensile</ex> tail of a monkey</as>.</def>

<h1>Prehension</h1>
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<hw>Pre*hen"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prehensio</ets>; cf. F. <ets>pr\'82hension</ets>. See <er>Prehensile</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of taking hold, seizing, or grasping, as with the hand or other member.</def>

<h1>Prehensory</h1>
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<hw>Pre*hen"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Adapted to seize or grasp; prehensile.</def>

<h1>Prehistoric</h1>
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<hw>Pre`his*tor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a period before written history begins; <as>as, the <ex>prehistoric</ex> ages; <ex>prehistoric</ex> man.</as></def>

<h1>Prehnite</h1>
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<hw>Prehn"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from the German Colonel <ets>Prehn</ets>, who first found it.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A pale green mineral occurring in crystalline aggregates having a botryoidal or mammillary structure, and rarely in distinct crystals. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.</def>

<h1>Prehnitic</h1>
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<hw>Prehn*it"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a tetrabasic acid of benzene obtained as a white crystalline substance; -- probably so called from the resemblance of the wartlike crystals to the mammill\'91 on the surface of prehnite.</def>

<h1>Preindesignate</h1>
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<hw>Pre`in*des"ig*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Logic.)</fld> <def>Having no sign expressive of quantity; indefinite. See <er>Predesignate</er>.</def>

<h1>Preindispose</h1>
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<hw>Pre*in`dis*pose"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To render indisposed beforehand.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Preinstruct</h1>
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<hw>Pre`in*struct"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Preinstructed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Preinstructing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To instruct previously or beforehand.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Preintimation</h1>
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<hw>Pre*in`ti*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Previous intimation; a suggestion beforehand.</def>

<i>T. Scott.</i>

<h1>Prejudge</h1>
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<hw>Pre*judge"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prejudged</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prejudging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pre</ets> + <ets>judge</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82juger</ets>. Cf. <er>Prejudicate</er>, <er>Prejudice</er>.]</ety> <def>To judge before hearing, or before full and sufficient examination; to decide or sentence by anticipation; to condemn beforehand.</def>

<blockquote>The committee of council hath <b>prejudged</b> the whole case, by calling the united sense of both houses of Parliament" a universal clamor."
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prejudgment</h1>
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<hw>Pre*judg"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of prejudging; decision before sufficient examination.</def>

<h1>Prejudicacy</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ju"di*ca*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Prejudice; prepossession.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir. H. Blount.</i>

<h1>Prejudical</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ju"di*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the determination of some matter not previously decided; <as>as, a <ex>prejudical</ex> inquiry or action at law</as>.</def>

<h1>Prejudicant</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ju"di*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praejudicans</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Influenced by prejudice; biased.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> " With not too hasty and <i>prejudicant</i> ears."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Prejudicate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ju"di*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praejudicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praejudicare</ets> to prejudge; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>judicare</ets> to judge. See <er>Judge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Formed before due examination.</def> "Ignorance and <i>prejudicate</i> opinions."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Biased by opinions formed prematurely; prejudiced.</def> "<i>Prejudicate</i> readers."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Prejudicate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ju"di*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prejudicated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prejudicating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Prejudge</er>.]</ety> <def>To determine beforehand, especially to disadvantage; to prejudge.</def>

<blockquote>Our dearest friend
<b>Prejudicates</b> the business.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prejudicate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ju"di*cate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To prejudge.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Prejudicately</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ju"di*cate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With prejudice.</def>

<h1>Prejudication</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ju`di*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of prejudicating, or of judging without due examination of facts and evidence; prejudgment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rom. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A preliminary inquiry and determination about something which belongs to a matter in dispute.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A previous treatment and decision of a point; a precedent.</def>

<h1>Prejudicative</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ju"di*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Forming a judgment without due examination; prejudging.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Prejudice</h1>
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<hw>Prej"u*dice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82judice</ets>, L. <ets>praejudicium</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>judicium</ets> judgment. See <er>Prejudicate</er>, <er>Judicial</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Foresight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Naught might hinder his quick <b>prejudize</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An opinion or judgment formed without due examination; prejudgment; a leaning toward one side of a question from other considerations than those belonging to it; an unreasonable predilection for, or objection against, anything; especially, an opinion or leaning adverse to anything, without just grounds, or before sufficient knowledge.</def>

<blockquote>Though often misled by <b>prejudice</b> and passion, he was emphatically an honest man.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A bias on the part of judge, juror, or witness which interferes with fairness of judgment.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Mischief; hurt; damage; injury; detriment.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>England and France might, through their amity,
Breed him some <b>prejudice</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Prejudgment; prepossession; bias; harm; hurt; damage; detriment; mischief; disadvantage.</syn>

<h1>Prejudice</h1>
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<hw>Prej"u*dice</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prejudiced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prejudicing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82judicier</ets>. See <er>Prejudice</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to have prejudice; to prepossess with opinions formed without due knowledge or examination; to bias the mind of, by hasty and incorrect notions; to give an unreasonable bent to, as to one side or the other of a cause; <as>as, to <ex>prejudice</ex> a critic or a juryman</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Suffer not any beloved study to <b>prejudice</b> your mind so far as to despise all other learning.
<i>I. Watts</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To obstruct or injure by prejudices, or by previous bias of the mind; hence, generally, to hurt; to damage; to injure; to impair; <as>as, to <ex>prejudice</ex> a good cause</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Seek how may <b>prejudice</b> the foe.
<i>Shak</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prejudicial</h1>
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<hw>Prej`u*di"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praejudicialis</ets> belonging to a preceding judgment: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82judiciel</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Biased, possessed, or blinded by prejudices; <as>as, to look with a <ex>prejudicial</ex> eye</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holyday.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tending to obstruct or impair; hurtful; injurious; disadvantageous; detrimental.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<blockquote>His going away . . . was most <b>prejudicial</b> and most ruinous to the king's affairs.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Prej`u*di"cial*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Prej`u*di"cial*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Preknowledge</h1>
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<hw>Pre*knowl"edge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Prior knowledge.</def>

<h1>Prelacy</h1>
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<hw>Prel"a*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Prelacies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>praelatia</ets>. See <er>Prelate</er>; cf. <er>Prelaty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The office or dignity of a prelate; church government by prelates.</def>

<blockquote>Prelacies may be termed the greater benefices.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The order of prelates, taken collectively; the body of ecclesiastical dignitaries.</def> "Divers of the reverend <i>prelacy</i>, and other most judicious men."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Prelal</h1>
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<hw>Pre"lal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prelum</ets> a press.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to printing; typographical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Prelate</h1>
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<hw>Prel"ate</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82lat</ets>, LL. <ets>praelatus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>praelatus</ets>, used as p. p. of <ets>praeferre</ets> to prefer, but from a different root. See <er>Elate</er>.]</ety> <def>A clergyman of a superior order, as an archbishop or a bishop, having authority over the lower clergy; a dignitary of the church.</def>

<note>&hand; This word and the words derived from it are often used invidiously, in English ecclesiastical history, by dissenters, respecting the Established Church system.</note>

<blockquote>Hear him but reason in divinity, . . .
You would desire the king were made a <b>prelate</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prelate</h1>
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<hw>Prel"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act as a prelate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Right <b>prelating</b> is busy laboring, and not lording.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prelateity</h1>
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<hw>Prel`a*te"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Prelacy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Prelateship</h1>
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<hw>Prel"ate*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a prelate.</def>

<i>Harmar.</i>

<h1>Prelatess</h1>
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<hw>Prel"a*tess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who is a prelate; the wife of a prelate.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Prelatial</h1>
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<hw>Pre*la"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Prelatical.</def>

<i>Beaconsfield.</i>

<h1>Prelatic, Prelatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pre*lat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pre*lat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to prelates or prelacy; <as>as, <ex>prelatical</ex> authority</as>.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Prelatically</h1>
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<hw>Pre*lat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a prelatical manner; with reference to prelates.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The last Georgic was a good <b>prelude</b> to the \'92neis.

<h1>Prelation</h1>
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<hw>Pre*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praelatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82lation</ets>. See <er>Prelate</er>, and cf. <er>Prefer</er>.]</ety> <def>The setting of one above another; preference.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Prelatism</h1>
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<hw>Prel"a*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Prelacy; episcopacy.</def>

<h1>Prelatist</h1>
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<hw>Prel"a*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who supports of advocates prelacy, or the government of the church by prelates; hence, a high-churchman.</def>

<i>Hume.</i>

<blockquote>I am an Episcopalian, but not a <b>prelatist</b>.
<i>T. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prelatize</h1>
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<hw>Prel"a*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prelatized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prelatizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring under the influence of prelacy.</def>

<i>Palfrey.</i>

<h1>Prelatize</h1>
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<hw>Prel"a*tize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To uphold or encourage prelacy; to exercise prelatical functions.</def>

<blockquote>An episcopacy that began then to <b>prelatize</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prelatry</h1>
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<hw>Prel"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Prelaty; prelacy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Prelature; 135, Prelatureship</h1>
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<hw><hw>Prel"a*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <hw>Prel"a*ture*ship</hw><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82lature</ets>, or LL. <ets>praelatura</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or dignity of a prelate; prelacy.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Prelaty</h1>
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<hw>Prel"a*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Prelacy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Prelect</h1>
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<hw>Pre*lect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prelected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prelecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>praelectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praelegere</ets> to read before. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Lection</er>.]</ety> <def>To read publicly, as a lecture or discourse.</def>

<h1>Prelect</h1>
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<hw>Pre*lect"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To discourse publicly; to lecture.</def>

<blockquote>Spitting . . . was publicly <b>prelected</b> upon.
<i>De. Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>prelect</b> upon the military art.
<i>Bp. Horsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prelection</h1>
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<hw>Pre*lec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praelectio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lecture or discourse read in public or to a select company.</def> "The <i>prelections</i> of Faber."

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Prelector</h1>
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<hw>Pre*lec"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praelector</ets>.]</ety> <def>A reader of lectures or discourses; a lecturer.</def>

<i>Sheldon.</i>

<h1>Prelibation</h1>
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<hw>Pre`li*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praelibatio</ets>, fr. <ets>praelibare</ets> to taste beforehand: cf. F. <ets>prelibation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A. tasting beforehand, or by anticipation; a foretaste; <as>as, a <ex>prelibation</ex> of heavenly bliss</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pouring out, or libation, before tasting.</def>

<h1>Preliminarily</h1>
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<hw>Pre*lim"i*na*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a preliminary manner.</def>

<h1>Preliminary</h1>
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<hw>Pre*lim"i*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pre</ets> + L. <ets>liminaris</ets> belonging to a threshold, fr. <ets>limen</ets>, <ets>liminis</ets>, threshold, entrance: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82liminaire</ets>. Cf. <er>Limit</er>.]</ety> <def>Introductory; previous; preceding the main discourse or business; prefatory; <as>as, <ex>preliminary</ex> observations to a discourse or book; <ex>preliminary</ex> articles to a treaty; <ex>preliminary</ex> measures; <ex>preliminary</ex> examinations.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Introductory; preparatory; prefatory; proemial; previous; prior; precedent; antecedent.</syn>

<h1>Preliminary</h1>
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<hw>Pre*lim"i*na*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Preliminaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>That which precedes the main discourse, work, design, or business; something introductory or preparatory; <as>as, the <ex>preliminaries</ex> to a negotiation or duel; to take one's <ex>preliminaries</ex> the year before entering college.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Introduction; preface; prelude.</syn>

<h1>Prelimit</h1>
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<hw>Pre*lim"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To limit previously.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Prelook</h1>
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<hw>Pre*look"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To look forward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Surrey.</i>

<h1>Prelude</h1>
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<hw>Pre"lude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82lude</ets> (cf. It. <ets>preludio</ets>, LL. <ets>praeludium</ets>), fr. L. <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>ludus</ets> play. See <er>Prelude</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>An introductory performance, preceding and preparing for the principal matter; a preliminary part, movement, strain, etc.; especially <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, a strain introducing the theme or chief subject; a movement introductory to a fugue, yet independent; -- with recent composers often synonymous with <i>overture</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The last Georgic was a good <b>prelude</b> to the \'92nis
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The cause is more than the <b>prelude</b>, the effect is more than the sequel, of the fact.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Preface; introduction; preliminary; preamble; forerunner; harbinger; precursor.</syn>

<h1>Prelude</h1>
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<hw>Pre*lude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Preluded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Preluding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>praeludere</ets>, <ets>praelusum</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>ludere</ets> to play: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82luder</ets>. See <er>Ludicrous</er>.]</ety> <def>To play an introduction or prelude; to give a prefatory performance; to serve as prelude.</def>

<blockquote>The musicians <b>preluded</b> on their instruments.
<i>Sir. W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We are <b>preluding</b> too largely, and must come at once to the point.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prelude</h1>
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<hw>Pre*lude"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To introduce with a previous performance; to play or perform a prelude to; <as>as, to <ex>prelude</ex> a concert with a lively air</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To serve as prelude to; to precede as introductory.</def>

<blockquote>[Music] <b>preluding</b> some great tragedy.
<i>Longfellow</i></blockquote>

<h1>Preluder</h1>
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<hw>Pre*lud"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, preludes; one who plays a prelude.</def>

<i>Mason.</i>

<h1>Preludial</h1>
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<hw>Pre*lud"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a prelude; of the nature of a prelude; introductory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Preludious</h1>
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<hw>Pre*lud"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Preludial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Prelumbar</h1>
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<hw>Pre*lum"bar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated immediately in front of the loins;- applied to the dorsal part of the abdomen.</def>

<h1>Prelusive</h1>
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<hw>Pre*lu"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Prelude</er>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of a prelude; introductory; indicating that something of a like kind is to follow.</def> "<i>Prelusive</i> drops."

<i>Thomson.</i>

--<wordforms><wf>Pre*lu"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Prelusorily</h1>
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<hw>Pre*lu"so*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a prelusory way.</def>

<h1>Prelusory</h1>
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<hw>Pre*lu"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Introductory; prelusive.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<hr>
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<h1>Premature</h1>
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<hw>Pre`ma*ture"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praematurus</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>maturus</ets> ripe. See <er>Mature</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mature or ripe before the proper time; <as>as, the <ex>premature</ex> fruits of a hotbed</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Happening, arriving, existing, or performed before the proper or usual time; adopted too soon; too early; untimely; <as>as, a <ex>premature</ex> fall of snow; a <ex>premature</ex> birth; a <ex>premature</ex> opinion; <ex>premature</ex> decay.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Arriving or received without due authentication or evidence; <as>as, a <ex>premature</ex> report</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pre`ma*ture"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pre`ma*ture"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Prematurity</h1>
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<hw>Pre`ma*tu"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82maturit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being premature; early, or untimely, ripeness; <as>as, the <ex>prematurity</ex> of genius</as>.</def>

<h1>Premaxilla</h1>
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<hw>Pre"max*il"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Premaxill\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Maxilla</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bone on either side of the middle line between the nose and mouth, forming the anterior part of each half of the upper jawbone; the intermaxilla. In man the premaxill\'91 become united and form the incisor part of the maxillary bone.</def>

<h1>Premaxillary</h1>
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<hw>Pre*max"il*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated in front of the maxillary bones; pertaining to the premaxill\'91; intermaxillary.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A premaxilla.</def></def2>

<h1>Premediate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*me"di*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To advocate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Premeditate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*med"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Premeditated</er> <tt>(-t\'be`t?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Premeditating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>praemeditatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praemeditari</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>meditari</ets> to meditate. See <er>Meditate</er>.]</ety> <def>To think on, and revolve in the mind, beforehand; to contrive and design previously; <as>as, to <ex>premeditate</ex> robbery</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With words <b>premeditated</b> thus he said.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Premeditate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*med"i*tate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To think, consider, deliberate, or revolve in the mind, beforehand.</def>

<h1>Premeditate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*med"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praemeditatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Premeditated; deliberate.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Premeditately</h1>
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<hw>Pre*med"i*tate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With premeditation.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Premeditation</h1>
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<hw>Pre*med`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praemeditatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82m\'82ditation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of meditating or contriving beforehand; previous deliberation; forethought.</def>

<h1>Premerit</h1>
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<hw>Pre*mer"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To merit or deserve beforehand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Eikon Basi<?/<?/ke.</i>

<h1>Premial, Premiant</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pre"mi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pre"mi*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praemialis</ets>. See <er>Premium</er>.]</ety> <def>Serving to reward; rewarding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Baxter.</i>

<h1>Premices</h1>
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<hw>Prem"i*ces</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82mices</ets>, L. <ets>primitiae</ets>. See <er>Primitia</er>.]</ety> <def>First fruits.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Premier</h1>
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<hw>Pre"mi*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>premier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>primarius</ets> of the first rank, principal, fr. <ets>primus</ets> the first. See <er>Primary</er>, <er>Prime</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>First; chief; principal; <as>as, the <ex>premier</ex> place; <ex>premier</ex> minister.</as></def>

<i>Camden. Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Most ancient; -- said of the peer bearing the oldest title of his degree.</def>

<h1>Premier</h1>
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<hw>Pre"mi*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The first minister of state; the prime minister.</def>

<h1>Premiership</h1>
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<hw>Pre"mi*er*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of the premier.</def>

<h1>Premillennial</h1>
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<hw>Pre`mil*len"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt><def>, Previous to the millennium.</def>

<h1>Premious</h1>
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<hw>Pre"mi*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praemiosus</ets>, fr. <ets>praemium</ets> a premium.]</ety> <def>Rich in gifts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Clarke.</i>

<h1>Premise</h1>
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<hw>Prem"ise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Premises</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <altsp>[Written also, less properly, <asp>premiss</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82misse</ets>, fr. L. <ets>praemissus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praemittere</ets> to send before; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>mittere</ets> to send. See <er>Mission</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A proposition antecedently supposed or proved; something previously stated or assumed as the basis of further argument; a condition; a supposition.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>premises</b> observed,
Thy will by my performance shall be served.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Either of the first two propositions of a syllogism, from which the conclusion is drawn.</def>

<note>
"All sinners deserve punishment: A B is a sinner."

These propositions, which are the <i>premises</i>, being true or admitted, the conclusion follows, that A B deserves punishment.</note>

<blockquote>While the <b>premises</b> stand firm, it is impossible to shake the conclusion.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Matters previously stated or set forth; esp., that part in the beginning of a deed, the office of which is to express the grantor and grantee, and the land or thing granted or conveyed, and all that precedes the <i>habendum</i>; the thing demised or granted.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A piece of real estate; a building and its adjuncts; <as>as, to lease <ex>premises</ex>; to trespass on another's <ex>premises</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Premise</h1>
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<hw>Pre*mise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Premised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Premising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From L. <ets>praemissus</ets>, p. p., or E. <ets>premise</ets>, n. See <er>Premise</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To send before the time, or beforehand; hence, to cause to be before something else; to employ previously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>premised</b> flames of the last day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If venesection and a cathartic be <b>premised</b>.
<i>E. Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To set forth beforehand, or as introductory to the main subject; to offer previously, as something to explain or aid in understanding what follows; especially, to lay down premises or first propositions, on which rest the subsequent reasonings.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>premise</b> these particulars that the reader may know that I enter upon it as a very ungrateful task.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Premise</h1>
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<hw>Pre*mise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a premise; to set forth something as a premise.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Premiss</h1>
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<hw>Prem"iss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Premise.</def>

<i> Whately. I. Watts</i>

<h1>Premit</h1>
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<hw>Pre*mit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To premise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Premium</h1>
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<hw>Pre"mi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Premiums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>praemium</ets>, originally, what one has got before or better than others; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>emere</ets> to take, buy. See <er>Redeem</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A reward or recompense; a prize to be won by being before another, or others, in a competition; reward or prize to be adjudged; a bounty; <as>as, a <ex>premium</ex> for good behavior or scholarship, for discoveries, etc</as>.</def>

<blockquote> To think it not the necessity, but the <b>premium</b> and privilege of life, to eat and sleep without any regard to glory.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The law that obliges parishes to support the poor offers a <b>premium</b> for the encouragement of idleness.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something offered or given for the loan of money; bonus; -- sometimes synonymous with <i>interest</i>, but generally signifying a sum in addition to the capital.</def>

<blockquote>People were tempted to lend, by great <b>premiums</b> and large interest.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sum of money paid to underwriters for insurance, or for undertaking to indemnify for losses of any kind.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A sum in advance of, or in addition to, the nominal or par value of anything; <as>as, gold was at a <ex>premium</ex>; he sold his stock at a <ex>premium</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Premolar</h1>
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<hw>Pre*mo"lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated in front of the molar teeth.</def> --<def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>An anterior molar tooth which has replaced a deciduous molar. See <er>Tooth</er>.</def></def2>

<h1>Premonish</h1>
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<hw>Pre*mon"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Premonished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Premonishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pre-</ets> + <ets>monish</ets>: cf. L. <ets>praemonere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To forewarn; to admonish beforehand.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Herrick.</i>

<blockquote>To teach, and to <b>premonish</b>.
<i>Bk. of Com. Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Premonishment</h1>
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<hw>Pre*mon"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Previous warning or admonition; forewarning.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Premonition</h1>
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<hw>Pre`mo*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praemonitio</ets>. See <er>Premonish</er>.]</ety> <def>Previous warning, notice, or information; forewarning; <as>as, a <ex>premonition</ex> of danger</as>.</def>

<h1>Premonitor</h1>
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<hw>Pre*mon"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praemonitor</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, gives premonition.</def>

<h1>Premonitory</h1>
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<hw>Pre*mon"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praemonitorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Giving previous warning or notice; <as>as, <ex>premonitory</ex> symptoms of disease</as>. -- <wordforms><wf>Pre*mon"i*to*ri*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Premonstrant</h1>
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<hw>Pre*mon"strant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Premonstratensian.</def>

<h1>Premonstrate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*mon"strate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praemonstratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praemonstrare</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>monstrate</ets> to show.]</ety> <def>To show beforehand; to foreshow.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Herbert.</i>

<h1>Premonstratensian</h1>
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<hw>Pre*mon`stra*ten"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.<ets>pr\'82montr\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>Pr\'82montr\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pratum monstratum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>One of a religious order of regular canons founded by St. Norbert at Pr\'82montr\'82, in France, in 1119. The members of the order are called also <altnpluf>White Canons</altnpluf>, <altnpluf>Norbertines</altnpluf>, and <altnpluf>Premonstrants</altnpluf>.</def>

<h1>Premonstration</h1>
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<hw>Pre`mon*stra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praemonstratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A showing beforehand; foreshowing.</def>

<h1>Premonstrator</h1>
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<hw>Pre*mon"stra*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praemonstrator</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, premonstrates.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Premorse</h1>
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<hw>Pre*morse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praemorsus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praemordere</ets> to bite off; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>mordere</ets> to bite.]</ety> <def>Terminated abruptly, or as it bitten off.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Premorse root</col> &or; <col>leaves</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>such as have an abrupt, ragged, and irregular termination, as if bitten off short.</cd></cs>

<h1>Premosaic</h1>
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<hw>Pre`mo*sa"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the time before Moses; <as>as, <ex>premosaic</ex> history</as>.</def>

<h1>Premotion</h1>
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<hw>Pre*mo"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pre-</ets> + <ets>motion</ets>.]</ety> <def>Previous motion or excitement to action.</def>

<h1>Premunire</h1>
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<hw>Prem`u*ni"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Pr\'91munire</er>.</def>

<h1>Premunite</h1>
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<hw>Prem`u*nite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praemunitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praemunire</ets> to fortify in front; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>munire</ets> to fortify.]</ety> <def>To fortify beforehand; to guard against objection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Premunition</h1>
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<hw>Pre`mu*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praemunitio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82munition</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of fortifying or guarding against objections.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Premunitory</h1>
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<hw>Pre*mu"ni*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a premunire; <as>as, a <ex>premunitory</ex> process</as>.</def>

<h1>Prenasal</h1>
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<hw>Pre*na"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated in front of the nose, or in front of the nasal chambers.</def>

<h1>Prenatal</h1>
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<hw>Pre*na"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being or happening before birth.</def>

<h1>Prender</h1>
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<hw>Pren"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>prendre</ets> to take, fr. L. <ets>prehendere</ets> to take.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The power or right of taking a thing before it is offered.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Prenomen</h1>
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<hw>Pre*no"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pr\'91nomen</er>.</def>

<h1>Prenominal</h1>
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<hw>Pre*nom"i*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving as a prefix in a compound name.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Prenominate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*nom"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praenominatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praenominare</ets> to give the prenomen to, to prenominate, fr. <ets>praenomen</ets> prenomen.]</ety> <def>Forenamed; named beforehand.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Prenominate</i> crimes."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Prenominate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*nom"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To forename; to name beforehand; to tell by name beforehand.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Prenomination</h1>
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<hw>Pre*nom`i*na*tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of prenominating; privilege of being named first.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Prenostic</h1>
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<hw>Pre*nos"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praenoscere</ets> to foreknow; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>noscere</ets>, <ets>notum</ets>, to know.]</ety> <def>A prognostic; an omen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Prenote</h1>
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<hw>Pre*note"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praenotare</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>notare</ets> to note.]</ety> <def>To note or designate beforehand.</def>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Prenotion</h1>
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<hw>Pre*no"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praenotio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82notion</ets>. See <er>Prenostic</er>.]</ety> <def>A notice or notion which precedes something else in time; previous notion or thought; foreknowledge.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Prensation</h1>
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<hw>Pren*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prensatio</ets>, from <ets>prensare</ets>, <ets>prehensare</ets>, v. freq. from <ets>prehendere</ets> to seize.]</ety> <def>The act of seizing with violence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow .</i>

<h1>Prentice</h1>
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<hw>Pren"tice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Aphetic form of <ets>apprentice</ets>.]</ety> <def>An apprentice.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark> <i>Piers Plowman</i>. "My accuser is my <i>prentice</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Prenticehood</h1>
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<hw>Pren"tice*hood</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Apprenticehood</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This jolly prentice with his master bode
Till he was out nigh of his <b>prenticehood</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prenticeship</h1>
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<hw>Pren"tice*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Apprenticeship.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>He served a <b>prenticeship</b> who sets up shop.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prenunciation</h1>
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<hw>Pre*nun`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praenunciatio</ets>, fr. <ets>praenunciare</ets> to announce beforehand. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Announce</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of announcing or proclaiming beforehand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Prenuncious</h1>
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<hw>Pre*nun"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praenuncius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Announcing beforehand; presaging.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Preoblongata</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ob`lon*ga"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Oblongata</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The anterior part of the medulla oblongata.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Preobtain</h1>
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<hw>Pre`ob*tain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To obtain beforehand.</def>

<h1>Preoccupancy</h1>
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<hw>Pre*oc"cu*pan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Preoccupate</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or right of taking possession before another; <as>as, the <ex>preoccupancy</ex> of wild land</as>.</def>

<h1>Preoccupate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*oc"cu*pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeoccupatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praeoccupare</ets> to preoccupy. See <er>Preoccupy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To anticipate; to take before.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Fear <i>preoccupateth</i> it [death]."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prepossess; to prejudice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Preoccupation</h1>
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<hw>Pre*oc`cu*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeoccupatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82occupation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of preoccupying, or taking possession of beforehand; the state of being preoccupied; prepossession.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anticipation of objections.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Preoccupy</h1>
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<hw>Pre*oc"cu*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Preoccupied</er> <tt>(-p\'c6d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Preoccupying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82occuper</ets>. See <er>Preoccupate</er>, <er>Occupy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take possession of before another; <as>as, to <ex>preoccupy</ex> a country not before held</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To prepossess; to engage, occupy, or engross the attention of, beforehand; hence, to prejudice.</def>

<blockquote>I Think it more respectful to the reader to leave something to reflections than to <b>preoccupy</b> his judgment.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Preocular</h1>
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<hw>Pre*oc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Placed just in front of the eyes, as the antenn\'91 of certain insects.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the scales just in front of the eye of a reptile or fish.</def></def2>

<h1>Preominate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*om"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To ominate beforehand; to portend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Preopercular</h1>
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<hw>Pre`o*per"cu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated in front of the operculum; pertaining to the preoperculum.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The preoperculum.</def></def2>

<h1>Preoperculum</h1>
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<hw>Pre`o*per"cu*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The anterior opercular bone in fishes.</def>

<h1>Preopinion</h1>
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<hw>Pre`o*pin"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Opinion previously formed; prepossession; prejudice.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Preoption</h1>
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<hw>Pre*op"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Right of first choice.</def>

<h1>Preoral</h1>
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<hw>Pre*o"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated in front of, or anterior to, the mouth; <as>as, <ex>preoral</ex> bands</as>.</def>

<h1>Preorbital</h1>
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<hw>Pre*or"bit*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <def>a. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> Situated in front or the orbit.</def>

<h1>Preordain</h1>
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<hw>Pre`or*dain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pre + ordain</ets>: cf. L. <ets>praeordinare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To ordain or appoint beforehand: to predetermine: to foreordain.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Preorder</h1>
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<hw>Pre*or"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To order to arrange beforehand; to foreordain.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Preordinance</h1>
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<hw>Pre*or"di*nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Antecedent decree or determination.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Preordinate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*or"di*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeordinatus</ets>, p. p.  See <er>Preordain</er>.]</ety> <def>Preordained.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Preordination</h1>
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<hw>Pre*or`di*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82ordination</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of foreordaining: previous determination.</def> "The <i>preordination</i> of God."

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Preparable</h1>
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<hw>Pre*par"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being prepared.</def> "Medicine <i>preparable</i> by art."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Preparation</h1>
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<hw>Prep`a*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82paration</ets>, L. <ets>praeparatio</ets>. See <er>Prepare</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of preparing or fitting beforehand for a particular purpose, use, service, or condition; previous arrangement or adaptation; a making ready; <as>as, the <ex>preparation</ex> of land for a crop of wheat; the <ex>preparation</ex> of troops for a campaign.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being prepared or made ready; preparedness; readiness; fitness; <as>as, a nation in good <ex>preparation</ex> for war</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which makes ready, prepares the way, or introduces; a preparatory act or measure.</def>

<blockquote>I will show what <b>preparations</b> there were in nature for this dissolution.
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is prepared, made, or compounded by a certain process or for a particular purpose; a combination. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> Any medicinal substance fitted for use. <sd>(b)</sd> Anything treated for preservation or examination as a specimen. <sd>(c)</sd> Something prepared for use in cookery.</def>

<blockquote>I wish the chemists had been more sparing who magnify their <b>preparations</b>.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In the <b>preparations</b> of cookery, the most volatile parts of vegetables are destroyed.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An army or fleet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The holding over of a note from one chord into the next chord, where it forms a temporary discord, until resolved in the chord that follows; the anticipation of a discordant note in the preceding concord, so that the ear is prepared for the shock. See <er>Suspension</er>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Accomplishment; qualification.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Preparative</h1>
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<hw>Pre*par"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82paratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to prepare or make ready; having the power of preparing, qualifying, or fitting; preparatory.</def>

<blockquote>Laborious quest of knowledge <b>preparative</b> to this work.
<i> South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Preparative</h1>
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<hw>Pre*par"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which has the power of preparing, or previously fitting for a purpose; that which prepares.</def> "A <i>preparative</i> unto sermons."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is done in the way of preparation.</def> "Necessary <i>preparatives</i> for our voyage."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Preparatively</h1>
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<hw>Pre*par"a*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of preparation.</def>

<h1>Preparator</h1>
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<hw>Pre*par"a*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeparator</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who prepares beforehand, as subjects for dissection, specimens for preservation in collections, etc.</def>

<i>Agassiz.</i>

<h1>Preparatory</h1>
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<hw>Pre*par"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeparatorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82paratoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Preparing the way for anything by previous measures of adaptation; antecedent and adapted to what follows; introductory; preparative; <as>as, a <ex>preparatory</ex> school; a <ex>preparatory</ex> condition.</as></def>

<h1>Prepare</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pare"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prepare<?/</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Preparing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82parer</ets>, L. <ets>praeparare</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>parare</ets> to make ready. See <er>Pare</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To fit, adapt, or qualify for a particular purpose or condition; to make ready; to put into a state for use or application; <as>as, to <ex>prepare</ex> ground for seed; to <ex>prepare</ex> a lesson.</as></def>

<blockquote>Our souls, not yet <b>prepared</b> for upper light.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To procure as suitable or necessary; to get ready; to provide; <as>as, to <ex>prepare</ex> ammunition and provisions for troops; to <ex>prepare</ex> ships for defence; to <ex>prepare</ex> an entertainment.</as></def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>That they may <b>prepare</b> a city for habitation.
<i>Ps. cvii. 36</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To fit; adjust; adapt; qualify; equip; provide; form; make; make; ready.</syn>

<hr>
<page="1131">
Page 1131<p>

<h1>Prepare</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pare"</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make all things ready; to put things in order; <as>as, to <ex>prepare</ex> for a hostile invasion</as>.</def> "Bid them <i>prepare</i> for dinner."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make one's self ready; to get ready; to take the necessary previous measures; <as>as, to <ex>prepare</ex> for death</as>.</def>

<h1>Prepare</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pare"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Preparation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Prepared</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pared"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made fit or suitable; adapted; ready; <as>as, <ex>prepared</ex> food; <ex>prepared</ex> questions.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pre*par"ed*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <i>Shak.</i> -- <wf>Pre*par"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Preparer</h1>
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<hw>Pre*par"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, prepares, fits, or makes ready.</def>

<i>Wood.</i>

<h1>Prepay</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pay"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prepaid</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prepaying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To pay in advance, or beforehand; <as>as, to <ex>prepay</ex> postage</as>.</def>

<h1>Prepayment</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pay"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Payment in advance.</def>

<h1>Prepenial</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pe"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated in front of, or anterior to, the penis.</def>

<h1>Prepense</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pense"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pre</ets> + F. <ets>penser</ets> to think. See <er>Pansy</er>.]</ety> <def>To weigh or consider beforehand; to premeditate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser. Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Prepense</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pense"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To deliberate beforehand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Prepense</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pense"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pansy</er>, and cf. <er>Prepense</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Devised, contrived, or planned beforehand; preconceived; premeditated; aforethought; -- usually placed after the word it qualifies; <as>as, malice <ex>prepense</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>This has not arisen from any misrepresentation or error <b>prepense</b>.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prepensely</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pense"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a premeditated manner.</def>

<h1>Prepollence, Prepollency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pre*pol"lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pre*pol"len*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praepollentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being prepollent; superiority of power; predominance; prevalence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coventry.</i>

<h1>Prepollent</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pol"lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praepollens</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praepollere</ets> to surpass in power; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>pollere</ets> to be powerful.]</ety> <def>Having superior influence or power; prevailing; predominant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Prepollent</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pol"lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl</plu>. <plw>Prepollices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pre-</er>, <er>Pollex</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An extra first digit, or rudiment of a digit, on the preaxial side of the pollex.</def>

<h1>Preponder</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pon"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To preponderate</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Preponderance, Preponderancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pre*pon"der*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pre*pon"der*an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82pond\'82rance</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being preponderant; superiority or excess of weight, influence, or power, etc.; an outweighing.</def>

<blockquote>The mind should . . . reject or receive proportionably to the <b>preponderancy</b> of the greater grounds of probability.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In a few weeks he had changed the relative position of all the states in Europe, and had restored the equilibrium which the <b>preponderance</b> of one power had destroyed.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>The excess of weight of that part of a canon behind the trunnions over that in front of them.</def>

<h1>Preponderant</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pon"der*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeponderans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>pr\'82pond\'82rant</ets>. See <er>Preponderate</er>.]</ety> <def>Preponderating; outweighing; overbalancing; -- used literally and figuratively; <as>as, a <ex>preponderant</ex> weight; of <ex>preponderant</ex> importance.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pre*pon"der*ant*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Preponderate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pon"der*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Preponderated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Preponderating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.  <ets>praeponderatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praeponderare</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>ponderare</ets> to weigh, fr., <ets>pondus</ets>, <ets>ponderis</ets>, a weight. See <er>Ponder</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To outweigh; to overpower by weight; to exceed in weight; to overbalance.</def>

<blockquote>An inconsiderable weight, by distance from the center of the balance, will <b>preponderate</b> greater magnitudes.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To overpower by stronger or moral power.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to prefer; to incline; to decide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The desire to spare Christian blood <b>preponderates</b> him for peace.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Preponderate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pon"der*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To exceed in weight; hence, to incline or descend, as the scale of a balance; figuratively, to exceed in influence, power, etc.; hence; to incline to one side; <as>as, the affirmative side <ex>preponderated</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>That is no just balance in which the heaviest side will not <b>preponderate</b>.
<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Preponderatingly</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pon"der*a`ting*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a preponderating manner; preponderantly.</def>

<h1>Preponderation</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*pon`der*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeponderatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or state of preponderating; preponderance; <as>as, a <ex>preponderation</ex> of reasons</as>.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<h1>Prepose</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82poser</ets>; pref. <ets>pr\'82-</ets> (L. <ets>prae</ets> before) + <ets>poser</ets>. See <er>Pose</er>.]</ety> <def>To place or set before; to prefix.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Preposition</h1>
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<hw>Prep`o*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praepositio</ets>, fr. <ets>praeponere</ets> to place before; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>ponere</ets> to put, place: cf. F.  <ets>pr\'82position</ets>. See <er>Position</er>, and cf. <er>Provost</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word employed to connect a noun or a pronoun, in an adjectival or adverbial sense, with some other word; a particle used with a noun or pronoun (in English always in the objective case) to make a phrase limiting some other word; -- so called because usually placed before the word with which it is phrased; <as>as, a bridge <i>of</i> iron; he comes <i>from</i> town; it is good <i>for</i> food; he escaped <i>by</i> running.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A proposition; an exposition; a discourse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He made a long <b>preposition</b> and oration.
<i>Fabyan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prepositional</h1>
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<hw>Prep`o*si"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82positionnel</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a preposition; of the nature of a preposition.</def> <i>Early</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Prep`o*si"tion*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Prepositive</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pos"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praepositivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82positif</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Put before; prefixed; <as>as, a <ex>prepositive</ex> particle</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A prepositive word.</def></def2>

<i>Tooke.</i>

<h1>Prepositor</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pos"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A scholar appointed to inspect other scholars; a monitor.</def>

<i>Todd.</i>

<h1>Prepositure</h1>
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<hw>Pre*pos"i*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praepositura</ets>. See <er>Preposition</er>, and cf. <er>Provost</er>.]</ety> <def>The office or dignity of a provost; a provostship.</def>

<i>Lowth.</i>

<h1>Prepossess</h1>
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<hw>Pre`pos*sess"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prepossessed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prepossessing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To preoccupy, as ground or land; to take previous possession of.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To preoccupy, as the mind or heart, so as to preclude other things; hence, to bias or prejudice; to give a previous inclination to, for or against anything; esp., to induce a favorable opinion beforehand, or at the outset.</def>

<blockquote>It created him enemies, and <b>prepossessed</b> the lord general.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prepossessing</h1>
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<hw>Pre`pos*sess"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to invite favor; attracting confidence, favor, esteem, or love; attractive; <as>as, a <ex>prepossessing</ex> manner</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pre`pos*sess"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Prepossession</h1>
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<hw>Pre`pos*ses"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Preoccupation; prior possession.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Preoccupation of the mind by an opinion, or impression, already formed; preconceived opinion; previous impression; bias; -- generally, but not always, used in a favorable sense; <as>as, the <ex>prepossessions</ex> of childhood</as>.</def> "The prejudices and <i>prepossessions</i> of the country."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Bent; bias; inclination; preoccupancy; prejudgment.  See <er>Bent</er>.</syn>

<h1>Prepossessor</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre`*pos*sess"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who possesses, or occupies, previously.</def>

<i>R. Brady.</i>

<h1>Preposterous</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*pos"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>praeposterus</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>posterus</ets> coming after, latter. See <er>Posterior</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having that first which ought to be last; inverted in order.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The method I take may be censured as <b>preposterous</b>, because I thus treat last of the antediluvian earth, which was first in the order of nature.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contrary to nature or reason; not adapted to the end; utterly and glaringly foolish; unreasonably absurd; perverted.</def> "Most <i>preposterous</i> conclusions."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote><b>Preposterous</b> ass, that never read so far!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Absurd; perverted; wrong; irrational; foolish; monstrous. See <er>Absurd</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pre*pos"ter*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -<wf>Pre*pos"ter*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Prepostor</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*pos"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Prepositor</er>.</def>

<h1>Prepotency</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*po"ten*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praepotentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82potence</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or condition of being prepotent; predominance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The capacity, on the part of one of the parents, as compared with the other, to transmit more than his or her own share of characteristics to their offspring.</def>

<h1>Prepotent</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*po"tent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praepotens</ets>. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Potent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Very powerful; superior in force, influence, or authority; predominant.</def>

<i>Plaifere.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Characterized by prepotency.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Preprovide</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre`pro*vide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To provide beforehand.</def> "The materials <i>preprovided</i>."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Prepubic</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*pu"bic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated in front of, or anterior to, the pubis; pertaining to the prepubis.</def>

<h1>Prepubis</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*pu"bis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Pubis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld><def>A bone or cartilage, of some animals, situated in the middle line in front of the pubic bones.</def>

<h1>Prepuce</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre"puce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82puce</ets>, L. <ets>praeputium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The foreskin.</def>

<h1>Preputial</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*pu"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the prepuce.</def>

<h1>Preraphaelism, Preraphaelitism</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw><hw>Pre*raph"a*el*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pre*raph"a*el*i`tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The doctrine or practice of a school of modern painters who profess to be followers of the painters before Raphael. Its adherents advocate careful study from nature, delicacy and minuteness of workmanship, and an exalted and delicate conception of the subject.</def>

<h1>Preraphaelite</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*raph"a*el*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the style called preraphaelitism; <as>as, a <ex>preraphaelite</ex> figure; a <ex>preraphaelite</ex> landscape.</as></def>

<i>Ruskin.</i>

<h1>Preraphaelite</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*raph"a*el*ite</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who favors or practices art as it was before Raphael; one who favors or advocates preraphaelitism.</def>

<h1>Preregnant</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*reg"nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reigns before another; a sovereign predecessor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Warner.</i>

<h1>Preremote</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre`re*mote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>More remote in previous time or prior order.</def>

<blockquote>In some cases two more links of causation may be introduced; one of them may be termed the <b>preremote</b> cause, the other the postremote effect.
<i>E. Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prerequire</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre`re*quire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To require beforehand.</def>

<blockquote>Some things are <b>prerequired</b> of us.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prerequisite</h1>
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<hw>Pre*req"ui*site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Previously required; necessary as a preliminary to any proposed effect or end; <as>as, <ex>prerequisite</ex> conditions of success</as>.</def>

<h1>Prerequisite</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*req"ui*site</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something previously required, or necessary to an end or effect proposed.</def>

<blockquote>The necessary <b>prerequisites</b> of freedom.
<i> Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Preresolve</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre`re*solve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Preresolved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Preresolving</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To resolve beforehand; to predetermine.</def>

<i> Sir E. Dering.</i>

<h1>Prerogative</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*rog"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82rogative</ets>, from L. <ets>praerogativa</ets> precedence in voting, preference, privilege, fr. <ets>praerogativus</ets> that is asked before others for his opinion, that votes before or first, fr. <ets>praerogare</ets> to ask before another; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>rogare</ets> to ask. See <er>Rogation</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An exclusive or peculiar privilege; prior and indefeasible right; fundamental and essential possession; -- used generally of an official and hereditary right which may be asserted without question, and for the exercise of which there is no responsibility or accountability as to the fact and the manner of its exercise.</def>

<blockquote>The two faculties that are the <b>prerogative</b> of man -- the powers of abstraction and imagination.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An unconstitutional exercise of his <b>prerogative</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Precedence; pre\'89minence; first rank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Then give me leave to have <b>prerogative</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The term came into general use in the conflicts between the Crown and Parliaments of Great Britain, especially in the time of the Stuarts.</note>

<cs><col>Prerogative Court</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a court which formerly had authority in the matter of wills and administrations, where the deceased left <i>bona notabilia<i>, or effects of the value of five pounds, in two or more different dioceses. <i>Blackstone</i>.</cd> -- <col>Prerogative office</col>, <cd>the office in which wills proved in the Prerogative Court were registered.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Privilege; right. See <er>Privilege</er>.</syn>

<h1>Prerogatived</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*rog"a*tived</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Endowed with a prerogative, or exclusive privilege.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Prerogatively</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*rog"a*tive*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By prerogative.</def>

<h1>Presage</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre"sage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82sage</ets>, L. <ets>praesagium</ets>, from <ets>praesagire</ets>. See <er>Presage</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Something which foreshows or portends a future event; a prognostic; an omen; an augury.</def> "Joy and shout -- <i>presage</i> of victory."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Power to look the future, or the exercise of that power; foreknowledge; presentiment.</def>

<blockquote>If there be aught of <b>presage</b> in the mind.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Prognostic; omen; token; sign; presentiment.</syn>

<h1>Presage</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*sage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Presaged</er> <tt>(-s&amac;jd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Presaging</er>. ]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82sager</ets>, L. <ets>praesagire</ets>: <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>sagire</ets> to perceive acutely or sharply. See <er>Sagacious</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To have a presentiment of; to feel beforehand; to foreknow.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To foretell; to predict; to foreshow; to indicate.</def>

<blockquote>My dreams <b>presage</b> some joyful news at hand.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Presage</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*sage"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To form or utter a prediction; -- sometimes used with <i>of</i>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Presageful</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*sage"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of presages; ominous.</def>

<blockquote>Dark in the glass of some <b>presageful</b> mood.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Presagement</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*sage"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or art of presaging; a foreboding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is presaged, or foretold.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Ominous <i>presagement</i> before his end. "

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Presager</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*sa"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, presages; a foreteller; a foreboder.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Presagious</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*sa"gious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Foreboding; ominous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Presbyope</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pres"by*ope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>One who has presbyopia; a farsighted person.</def>

<h1>Presbyopia</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pres`by*o"pi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ old, n., an old man + <?/, <?/, the eye.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A defect of vision consequent upon advancing age. It is due to rigidity of the crystalline lens, which produce<?/ difficulty of accommodation and recession of the near point of vision, so that objects very near the eyes can not be seen distinctly without the use of convex glasses. Called also <altname>presbytia</altname>.</def>

<h1>Presbyopic</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pres`by*op"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected by presbyopia; also, remedying presbyopia; farsighted.</def>

<h1>Presbyopy</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pres"by*o`py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>presbyopie</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Presbyopia</er>.</def>

<h1>Presbyte</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pres"byte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an old man.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Presbyope</er>.</def>

<h1>Presbyter</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pres"by*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. an elder, fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Priest</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An elder in the early Christian church. See 2d Citation under <er>Bishop</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Ch. of Eng.  & Prot. Epis. Ch.)</fld> <def>One ordained to the second order in the ministry; -- called also <altname>priest</altname>.</def>

<blockquote>I rather term the one sort <b>presbyter</b> than priest.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>New <b>presbyter</b> is but old priest writ large.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Presbyterian Ch.)</fld> <def>A member of a presbytery whether lay or clerical.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A Presbyterian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Presbyteral</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pres*byt"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a presbyter or presbytery; presbyterial.</def>

<h1>Presbyterate</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pres*byt"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>presbyteratus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>presbyt\'82rat</ets>.]</ety> <def>A presbytery; also, presbytership.</def>

<i>Heber.</i>

<h1>Presbyteress</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pres"by*ter*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female presbyter.</def>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Presbyterial</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pres`by*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>presbyt\'82ral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Presbyterian.</def> "<i>Presbyterial</i> government."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Presbyterian</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pres`by*te"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>presbyt\'82rien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a presbyter, or to ecclesiastical government by presbyters; relating to those who uphold church government by presbyters; also, to the doctrine, discipline, and worship of a communion so governed.</def>

<h1>Presbyterian</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pres`by*te"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>presbyt\'82rien</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who maintains the validity of ordination and government by presbyters; a member of the Presbyterian church.</def>

<cs><col>Reformed Presbyterians</col>. <cd>See <er>Cameronian</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Presbyterianism</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pres`by*te"ri*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>presbyt\'82rianisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>That form of church government which invests presbyters with all spiritual power, and admits no prelates over them; also, the faith and polity of the Presbyterian churches, taken collectively.</def>

<h1>Presbyterium</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pres`by*te"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Presbytery</er>, 4.</def>

<h1>Presbytership</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pres"by*ter*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or station of a presbyter; presbyterate.</def>

<h1>Presbytery</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pres"by*ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Presbyteries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>presbyterium</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Presbyter</er>, and cf. <er>Presbyterium</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A body of elders in the early Christian church.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Presbyterian Ch.)</fld> <def>A judicatory consisting of all the ministers within a certain district, and one layman, who is a ruling elder, from each parish or church, commissioned to represent the church in conjunction with the pastor. This body has a general jurisdiction over the churches under its care, and next below the provincial synod in authority.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The Presbyterian religion of polity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Tatler.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>That part of the church reserved for the officiating priest.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The residence of a priest or clergyman.</def>

<i> Gwilt.</i>

<h1>Presbytia</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pres*byt"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Presbyte</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Presbyopia.</def>

<h1>Presbytic</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pres*byt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Presbyopic</er>.</def>

<h1>Presbytism</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pres"byt*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Presbyopia.</def>

<h1>Presscapula</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pres*scap"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The part of the scapula in front of, or above, the spine, or mesoscapula.</def>

<h1>Prescapular</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre*scap"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prescapula; supraspinous.</def>

<h1>Prescience</h1>
<Xpage=1131>

<hw>Pre"sci*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>prescience</ets>, L. <ets>praescientia</ets>. See <er>Prescient</er>.]</ety> <def>Knowledge of events before they take place; foresight.</def>

<blockquote>God's certain <b>prescience</b> of the volitions of moral agents.
<i>J. Edwards.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1132">
Page 1132<p>

<h1>Pre/scient</h1>
<Xpage=1132>

<hw>Pre/sci*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praesciens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>praescire</ets> to foreknow; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>scire</ets> to know: cf. F. <ets>prescient</ets>. See <er>Science</er>.]</ety> <def>Having knowledge of coming events; foreseeing; conscious beforehand.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<blockquote>Henry . . . had shown himself sensible, and almost <b>prescient</b>, of this event.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Presciently</h1>
<Xpage=1132>

<hw>Pre"sci*ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With presciense or foresight.</def>

<h1>Prescind</h1>
<Xpage=1132>

<hw>Pre*scind"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praescindere</ets> to cut off in front; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>scindere</ets> to cut asunder: cf. F. <ets>prescinder</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut off; to abstract.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Norris.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>To consider by a separate act of attention or analysis.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Presciendent</h1>
<Xpage=1132>

<hw>Pre*sciend"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praescius</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>scius</ets> knowing, fr. <ets>scire</ets> to know.]</ety> <def>Foreknowing; having foreknowledge; <as>as, <ex>prescious</ex> of ills</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Prescribe</h1>
<Xpage=1132>

<hw>Pre*scribe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prescribed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prescribing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>praescribere</ets>, <ets>praescriptum</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>scriebe</ets> to write. See <er>Scribe</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay down authoritatively as a guide, direction, or rule of action; to impose as a peremptory order; to dictate; to appoint; to direct.</def>

<blockquote><b>Prescribe</b> not us our duties.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let streams <b>prescribe</b> their fountains where to run.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To direct, as a remedy to be used by a patient; as, the doctor <i>prescribed</i> quinine.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To appoint; order; command; dictate; ordain; institute; establish.</syn>

<h1>Prescribe</h1>
<Xpage=1132>

<hw>Pre*scribe"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give directions; to dictate.</def>

<blockquote>A forwardness to <b>prescribe</b> to their opinions.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To influence by long use</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To write or to give medical directions; to indicate remedies; as, to <i>prescribe</i> for a patient in a fever.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To claim by prescription; to claim a title to a thing on the ground of immemorial use and enjoyment, that is, by a custom having the force of law.</def>

<h1>Prescriber</h1>
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<hw>Pre*scrib"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who prescribes.</def>

<h1>Prescript</h1>
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<hw>Pre"script</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praescriptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praescribere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>prescrit</ets>. See <er>Prescribe</er>.]</ety> <def>Directed; prescribed.</def> " A <i>prescript</i> from of words."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Prescript</h1>
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<hw>Pre"script</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praescriptum</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>prescript</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Direction; precept; model prescribed.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A medical prescription.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Fell.</i>

<h1>Prescriptibility</h1>
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<hw>Pre*scrip`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt><def>, The quality or state of being prescriptible.</def>

<i>Story.</i>

<h1>Prescriptible</h1>
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<hw>Pre*scrip"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>prescriptible</ets>. ]</ety> <def>Depending on, or derived from, prescription; proper to be prescribed.</def>

<i>Grafton.</i>

<h1>Prescription</h1>
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<hw>Pre*scrip"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>prescription</ets>, L. <ets>praescriptio</ets>,an inscription, preface, precept, demurrer, prescription (in sense 3), fr. <ets>praescribere</ets>. See <er>Prescribe</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of prescribing, directing, or dictating; direction; precept; also, that which is prescribed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A direction of a remedy or of remedies for a disease, and the manner of using them; a medical recipe; also, a prescribed remedy.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A prescribing for title; the claim of title to a thing by virtue immemorial use and enjoyment; the right or title acquired by possession had during the time and in the manner fixed by law.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>That profound reverence for law and <b>prescription</b> which
has long been characteristic of Englishmen.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Prescription</i> differs from <i>custom</i>, which is a local usage, while <i>prescription</i> is personal, annexed to the person only. <i>Prescription</i> only extends to incorporeal rights, such as aright of way, or of common. What the law gives of <i>common rights</i> is not the subject of <i>prescription</i>. <i>Blackstone</i>. <i>Cruise</i>. <i>Kent</i>. In Scotch law, <i>prescription</i> is employed in the sense in which <i>limitation</i> is used in England and America, namely, to express that operation of the lapse of time by which obligations are extinguished or title protected. <i>Sir T</i>. <i>Craig</i>. <i>Erskine</i>.</note>

<h1>Prescriptive</h1>
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<hw>Pre*scrip"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praescriptivus</ets> of a demurrer or legal exception.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Consisting in, or acquired by, immemorial or long-continued use and enjoyment; <as>as, a <ex>prescriptive</ex> right of title</as>; pleading the continuance and authority of long custom.</def>

<blockquote>The right to be drowsy in protracted toil has become <b>prescriptive</b>.
<i>J. M. Mason.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prescriptively</h1>
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<hw>Pre*scrip"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By prescription.</def>

<h1>Prescutum</h1>
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<hw>Pre*scu"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Prescuta</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pr\'91-</er>, and <er>Scutum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The first of the four pieces composing the dorsal part, or tergum, of a thoracic segment of an insect. It is usually small and inconspicuous.</def>

<h1>Preseance</h1>
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<hw>Pre"se*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82s\'82ance</ets>. See <er>Preside</er>.]</ety> <def>Priority of place in sitting.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Preselect</h1>
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<hw>Pre`se*lect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To select beforehand.</def>

<h1>Presence</h1>
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<hw>Pres"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82sence</ets>, L. <ets>praesentia</ets>. See <er>Present</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being present, or of being within sight or call, or at hand; -- opposed to <i>absence</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The place in which one is present; the part of space within one's ken, call, influence, etc.; neighborhood without the intervention of anything that forbids intercourse.</def>

<blockquote>Wrath shell be no more
Thenceforth, but in thy <b>presence</b> joy entire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Specifically, neighborhood to the person of one of superior of exalted rank; also, presence chamber.</def>

<blockquote>In such a <b>presence</b> here to plead my thoughts.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An't please your grace, the two great cardinals.
Wait in the <b>presence</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The whole of the personal qualities of an individual; person; personality; especially, the person of a superior, as a sovereign.</def>

<blockquote>The Sovran <b>Presence</b> thus replied.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An assembly, especially of person of rank or nobility; noble company.</def>

<blockquote>Odmar, of all this <b>presence</b> does contain,
Give her your wreath whom you esteem most fair.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Port, mien; air; personal appearence.</def> "Rather dignity of presence than beauty of aspect."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>A graceful <b>presence</b> bespeaks acceptance.
<i> Collier.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Presence chamber</col>, &or; <col>Presence room</col></mcol>, <cd>the room in which a great personage receives company. <i>Addison</i>." <i>Chambers of presence<i>."  <i>Bacon</i>.</cd> -- <col>Presence of mind</col>, <cd>that state of the mind in which all its faculties are alert, prompt, and acting harmoniously in obedience to the will, enabling one to reach, as it were spontaneously or by intuition, just conclusions in sudden emergencies.</cd></cs>

<h1>Presensation</h1>
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<hw>Pre`sen*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Previous sensation, notion, or idea.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Presension</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sen"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praesensio</ets>, fr. <ets>praesentire</ets> to perceive beforehand. See <er>Presentient</er>.]</ety> <def>Previous perception.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Present</h1>
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<hw>Pres"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82sent</ets>, L. <ets>praesens</ets>,<ets>-entis</ets>, that is before one, in sight or at hand, p. p. of <ets>praeesse</ets> to be before; <ets>prae</ets> before +  <ets>esse</ets> to be. See <er>Essence</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Being at hand, within reach or call, within certain contemplated limits; -- opposed to <i>absent</i>.</def>

<blockquote>These things have I spoken unto you, being yet <b>present</b> with you.
<i>John xiv. 25.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Now existing, or in process; begun but not ended; now in view, or under consideration; being at this time; not past or future; <as>as, the <ex>present</ex> session of Congress; the <ex>present</ex> state of affairs; the <ex>present</ex> instance.</as></def>

<blockquote>I'll bring thee to the <b>present</b> business
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not delayed; immediate; instant; coincident.</def>  "A <i>present</i> recompense." "A <i>present</i> pardon."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>An ambassador . . . desires a <b>present</b> audience.
<i>Massinger.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Ready; quick in emergency; as a <i>present</i> wit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Favorably attentive; propitious.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>To find a god so <b>present</b> to my prayer.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Present tense</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>the tense or form of a verb which expresses action or being in the present time; as, I <i>am writing<i>, I <i>write<i>, or I <i>do write<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Present</h1>
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<hw>Pres"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82sent</ets>. See <er>Present</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Present time; the time being; time in progress now, or at the moment contemplated; as, at this <i>present</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Past and <b>present</b>, wound in one.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Present letters or instrument, as a deed of conveyance, a lease, letter of attorney, or other writing; as in the phrase, " Know all men by these <i>presents</i>," that is, by the writing itself, " per has literas <i>praesentes</i>; " -- in this sense, rarely used in the singular.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A present tense, or the form of the verb denoting the present tense.</def>

<cs><col>At present</col>, <cd>at the present time; now.</cd> -- <col>For the present</col>, <cd>for the tine being; temporarily.</cd> -- <col>In present</col>, <cd>at once, without delay. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "With them, <i>in present<i>, half his kingdom; the rest to follow at his death."</cd> <i>Milton.</i></cs>

<h1>Present</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Presented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Presenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82senter</ets>, L. <ets>praesentare</ets>, fr. <ets>praesens</ets>, a.  See <er>Present</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring or introduce into the presence of some one, especially of a superior; to introduce formally; to offer for acquaintance; <as>as, to <ex>present</ex> an envoy to the king</as>; (with the reciprocal pronoun) to come into the presence of a superior.</def>

<blockquote>Now there was a day when the sons of God came to <b>present</b> themselves before the lord.
<i>Job i. 6</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exhibit or offer to view or notice; to lay before one's perception or cognizance; to set forth; to <i>present</i> a fine appearance.</def>

<blockquote>Lectorides's memory is ever . . . <b>presenting</b> him with the thoughts of other persons.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pass over, esp. in a ceremonious manner; to give in charge or possession; to deliver; to make over.</def>

<blockquote>So ladies in romance assist their knight,
<b>Present</b> the spear, and arm him for the fight.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To make a gift of; to bestow; to give, generally in a formal or ceremonious manner; to grant; to confer.</def>

<blockquote>My last, least offering, I <b>present</b> thee now.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Hence: To endow; to bestow a gift upon; to favor, as with a donation; also, to court by gifts.</def>

<blockquote>Octavia <b>presented</b> the poet for him admirable elegy on her son Marcellus.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To present; to personate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> In specific uses; <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To nominate to an ecclesiastical benefice; to offer to the bishop or ordinary as a candidate for institution.</def>

<blockquote>The patron of a church may <b>present</b> his clerk to a parsonage or vicarage; that is, may offer him to the bishop of the diocese to be instituted.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To nominate for support at a public school or other institution </def>. <i>Lamb</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>To lay before a public body, or an official, for consideration, as before a legislature, a court of judicature, a corporation, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>present</ex> a memorial, petition, remonstrance, or indictment</as>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>To lay before a court as an object of inquiry; to give notice officially of, as a crime of offence; to find or represent judicially; <as>as, a grand jury <ex>present</ex> certain offenses or nuisances, or whatever they think to be public injuries</as></def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>To bring an indictment against </def>. <mark>[U.S]</mark> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>To aim, point, or direct, as a weapon; <as>as, to <ex>present</ex> a pistol or the point of a sword to the breast of another</as></def>.

<cs><col>Pesent arms</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the command in response to which the gun is carried perpendicularly in front of the center of the body, and held there with the left hand grasping it at the lower band, and the right hand grasping the small of the stock, in token of respect, as in saluting a superior officer; also, the position taken at such a command.</cd></cs>

<h1>Present</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sent"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To appear at the mouth of the uterus so as to be perceptible to the finger in vaginal examination; -- said of a part of an infant during labor.</def>

<h1>Present</h1>
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<hw>Pres"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82sent</ets> .]</ety> <def>Anything presented or given; a gift; a donative; <as>as, a Christmas <ex>present</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Gift; donation; donative; benefaction. See <er>Gift</er>.</syn>

<h1>Present</h1>
<Xpage=1132>

<hw>Pre*sent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The position of a soldier in presenting arms; <as>as, to stand at <ex>present</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Presentable</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sent"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82sentable</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable or admitting of being presented; suitable to be exhibited, represented, or offered; fit to be brought forward or set forth; hence, fitted to be introduced to another, or to go into society; <as>as, ideas that are <ex>presentable</ex> in simple language; she is not <ex>presentable</ex> in such a gown.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Admitting of the presentation of a clergiman; <as>as, a church <ex>presentable</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Presentaneous</h1>
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<hw>Pres`en*ta"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praesentaneus</ets>. See <er>Present</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>Ready; quick; immediate in effect; <as>as, <ex>presentaneous</ex> poison</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Presentation</h1>
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<hw>Pres`en*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praesentatio</ets> a showing, representation: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82sentation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of presenting, or the state of being presented; a setting forth; an offering; bestowal.</def>

<blockquote>Prayers are sometimes a <b>presentation</b> of mere desires.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> Hence, <def>exhibition; representation; display; appearance; semblance; show.</def>

<blockquote>Under the <b>presentation</b> of the shoots his wit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is presented or given; a present; a gift, <as>as, the picture was a <ex>presentation</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The act of offering a clergyman to the bishop or ordinary for institution in a benefice; the right of presenting a clergyman.</def>

<blockquote>If the bishop admits the patron's <b>presentation</b>, the clerk so admitted is next to be instituted by him.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The particular position of the child during labor relatively to the passage though which it is to be brought forth; -- specifically designated by the part which first appears at the mouth of the uterus; <as>as, a breech <ex>presentation</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Presentation copy</col>, <cd>a copy of a book, engraving, etc., presented to some one by the author or artist, as a token of regard.</cd></cs>

<h1>Presentative</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sent"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Having the right of presentation, or offering a clergyman to the bishop for institution; <as>as, advowsons are <ex>presentative</ex>, collative, or donative</as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Admitting the presentation of a clergyman; <as>as, a <ex>presentative</ex> parsonage</as>.</def>

<i>Spelman.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Capable of being directly known by, or presented to, the mind; intuitive; directly apprehensible, as objects; capable of apprehending, as faculties.</def>

<blockquote>The latter term, <b>presentative</b> faculty, I use . . . in contrast and correlation to a "representative faculty."
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Presentee</h1>
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<hw>Pres`en*tee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82sent\'82</ets>, p. p. See <er>Present</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <def>One to whom something is presented; also, one who is presented; specifically <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, one presented to benefice.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Presenter</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sent"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who presents.</def>

<h1>Presential</h1>
<Xpage=1132>

<hw>Pre*sen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>praesentialis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Implying actual presence; present, immediate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>God's mercy is made <b>presential</b> to us.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pre*sen"tial*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Presentiality</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sen`ti*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being actually present.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Presentiate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sen"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make present.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Presentient</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sen"tient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>praesentiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>praesentire</ets> to perceive beforehand; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>sentire</ets> to feel.]</ety> <def>Feeling or perceiving beforehand.</def>

<h1>Presentific</h1>
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<hw>Pres`en*tif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praesens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, present + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Making present.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pres`en*tif"ic*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Presentifical</h1>
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<hw>Pres`en*tif"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Presentific.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Presentiment</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sen"ti*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pre-</ets> + <ets>sentiment</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pressentiment</ets>. See <er>Presentient</er>.]</ety> <def>Previous sentiment, conception, or opinion; previous apprehension; especially, an antecedent impression or conviction of something unpleasant, distressing, or calamitous, about to happen; anticipation of evil; foreboding.</def>

<h1>Presentimental</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sen`ti*men"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of nature of a presentiment; foreboding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Presention</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sen"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Presension</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Presentive</h1>
<Xpage=1132>

<hw>Pre*sent"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>Bringing a conception or notion directly before the mind; presenting an object to the memory of imagination; -- distinguished from <i>symbolic</i>.</def>

<blockquote>How greatly the word "will" is felt to have lost <b>presentive</b> power in the last three centuries.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pre*sent"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pre*sent"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Presently</h1>
<Xpage=1132>

<hw>Pres"ent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At present; at this time; now.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The towns and forts you <b>presently</b> have.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>At once; without delay; forthwith; also, less definitely, soon; shortly; before long; after a little while; by and by.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>And <b>presently</b> the fig tree withered away.
<i>Matt. xxi. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>With actual presence; actually .</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His precious body and blood <b>presently three</b>.
<i>Bp. Gardiner.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Presentment</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sent"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of presenting, or the state of being presented; presentation.</def> " Upon the heels of my <i>presentment</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Setting forth to view; delineation; appearance; representation; exhibition.</def>

<blockquote>Power to cheat the eye with blear illusion,
And give it false <b>presentment</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The notice taken by a grand jury of any offence from their own knowledge or observation, without any bill of indictment laid before them, <as>as, the <ex>presentment</ex> of a nuisance, a libel, or the like</as>; also, an inquisition of office and indictment by a grand jury; an official accusation presented to a tribunal by the grand jury in an indictment, or the act of offering an indictment; also, the indictment itself.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The official notice (formerly required to be given in court) of the surrender of a copyhold estate.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><col>Presentment of a bill of exchange</col>, <cd>the offering of a bill to the drawee for acceptance, or to the acceptor for payment. See <cref>Bill of exchange</cref>, under <er>Bill</er>.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="1133">
Page 1133<p>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Presentness</h1>
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<hw>Pres"ent*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being present; presence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Presentness</i> of mind in danger."

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<h1>Presentoir</h1>
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<hw>Pres`en*toir"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formed after analogy of French.]</ety> <def>An ornamental tray, dish, or the like, used as a salver.</def>

<h1>Preservable</h1>
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<hw>Pre*serv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being preserved; admitting of preservation.</def>

<h1>Preservation</h1>
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<hw>Pres`er*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82servation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of preserving, or keeping safe; the state of being preserved, or kept from injury, destruction, or decay; security; safety; <as>as, <ex>preservation</ex> of life, fruit, game, etc</as>.; a picture in good <i>preservation</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Give us particulars of thy <b>preservation</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Preservative</h1>
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<hw>Pre*serv"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82servatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the power or quality of preserving; tending to preserve, or to keep from injury, decay, etc.</def>

<h1>Preservative</h1>
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<hw>Pre*serv"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which preserves, or has the power of preserving; a presevative agent.</def>

<blockquote>To wear tablets as <b>preservatives</b> against the plague.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Preservatory</h1>
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<hw>Pre*serv"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Preservative.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Preservatory</h1>
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<hw>Pre*serv"a*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Preservatories</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A preservative.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Whitlock.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A room, or apparatus, in which perishable things, as fruit, vegetables, etc., can be preserved without decay.</def>

<h1>Preserve</h1>
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<hw>Pre*serve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Preserved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Preserving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82server</ets>, from L. <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>servare</ets> to save, preserve; cf. L. <ets>praeservare</ets> to observe beforehand. See <er>Serve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To keep or save from injury or destruction; to guard or defend from evil, harm, danger, etc.; to protect.</def>

<blockquote>O Lord, thou <b>preserved</b> man and beast.
<i>Ps. xxxvi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now, good angels <b>preserve</b> the king.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To save from decay by the use of some preservative substance, as sugar, salt, etc.; to season and prepare for remaining in a good state, as fruits, meat, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>preserve</ex> peaches or grapes</as>.</def>

<blockquote>You can not <b>preserve</b> it from tainting.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To maintain throughout; to keep intact; <as>as, to <ex>preserve</ex> appearances; to <ex>preserve</ex> silence.</as></def>

<cs><col>To preserve game</col>, <cd>to protect it from extermination.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To keep; save; secure; uphold; sustain; defend; spare; protect; guard; shield. See <er>Keep</er>.</syn>

<h1>Preserve</h1>
<Xpage=1133>

<hw>Pre*serve"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make preserves.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To protect game for purposes of sport.</def>

<h1>Preserve</h1>
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<hw>Pre*serve"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is preserved; fruit, etc., seasoned and kept by suitable preparation; esp., fruit cooked with sugar; -- commonly in the plural.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place in which game, fish, etc., are preserved for purposes of sport, or for food.</def>

<h1>Preserver</h1>
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<hw>Pre*serv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, preserves, saves, or defends, from destruction, injury, or decay; esp., one who saves the life or character of another.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who makes preserves of fruit.</def>

<cs><col>Game preserver</col>. <cd>See under <er>Game</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Preshow</h1>
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<hw>Pre*show"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To foreshow.</def>

<h1>Preside</h1>
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<hw>Pre*side"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Presided</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Presiding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>praesidere</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>sedere</ets> to sit: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82sider</ets>. See <er>Sit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be set, or to sit, in the place of authority; to occupy the place of president, chairman, moderator, director, etc.; to direct, control, and regulate, as chief officer; <as>as, to <ex>preside</ex> at a public meeting; to <ex>preside</ex> over the senate.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exercise superintendence; to watch over.</def>

<blockquote>Some o'er the public magazines <b>preside</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Presidence</h1>
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<hw>Pres"i*dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Presidency</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Presidency</h1>
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<hw>Pres"i*den*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Presidencies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82sidence</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The function or condition of one who presides; superintendence; control and care.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The office of president; <as>as, Washington was elected to the <ex>presidency</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The term during which a president holds his office; <as>as, during the <ex>presidency</ex> of Madison</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One of the three great divisions of British India, the Bengal, Madras, and Bombay Presidencies, each of which had a council of which its governor was president.</def>

<h1>President</h1>
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<hw>Pres"i*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Precedent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>President</h1>
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<hw>Pres"i*dent</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Occupying the first rank or chief place; having the highest authority; presiding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>His angels <b>president</b>
In every province.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>President</h1>
<Xpage=1133>

<hw>Pres"i*dent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82sident</ets>, L. <ets>praesidens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>praesidere</ets>. See <er>Preside</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is elected or appointed to preside; a presiding officer, as of a legislative body.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The chief officer of a corporation, company, institution, society, or the like</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The chief executive officer of the government in certain republics; <as>as, the <ex>president</ex> of the United States</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A protector; a guardian; a presiding genius</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Just Apollo, <b>president</b> of verse.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Presidential</h1>
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<hw>Pres`i*den"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Presiding or watching over.</def> "<i>Presidential</i> angels."

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a president; <as>as, the <ex>presidential</ex> chair; a <ex>presidential</ex> election.</as></def>

<h1>Presidentship</h1>
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<hw>Pres"i*dent*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office and dignity of president; presidency.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Presider</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sid"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who presides.</def>

<h1>Presidial, Presidiary</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pre*sid"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pre*sid"i*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praesidialis</ets> and <ets>praesidiarius</ets>, fr. <ets>praesidium</ets> a presiding over, defense, guard. See <er>Preside</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a garrison; having a garrison.</def>

<blockquote>There are three <b>presidial</b> castles in this city.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Presidary</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sid"*a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praesidiarium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A guard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Heavenly <i>presidiaries</i>."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Presiding</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sid"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>a. & n.</tt> from <er>Preside</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Presiding elder</col>. <cd>See under 2d <er>Elder</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Presidio</h1>
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<hw>Pre*si"di*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A place of defense; a fortress; a garrison; a fortress; a garrison or guardhouse.</def>

<h1>Presignification</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<?/. <ets>praesignificatio</ets>. See <er>Presignify</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of signifying or showing beforehand.</def>

<h1>Presignify</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sig"ni*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Presignified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Presignifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>praesignificare</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>significare</ets> to signify.]</ety> <def>To intimate or signify beforehand; to presage.</def>

<h1>Presphenoid</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sphe"noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated in front of the sphenoid bone; of or pertaining to the anterior part of the sphenoid bone (<it>i. e.</it>, the presphenoid bone).</def>

<cs><col>Presphenoid bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the anterior part of the body of the sphenoid bone in front of the basisphenoid. It is usually a separate bone in the young or fetus, but becomes a part of the sphenoid in the adult.</cd></cs>

<h1>Presphenoid</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sphe"noid</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The presphenoid bone.</def>

<h1>Presphenoidal</h1>
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<hw>Pre`sphe*noid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the presphenoid bone; presphenoid.</def>

<h1>Prespinal</h1>
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<hw>Pre*spi"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Prevertebral.</def>

<h1>Press</h1>
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<hw>Press</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An East Indian insectivore (<spn>Tupaia ferruginea</spn>). It is arboreal in its habits, and has a bushy tail. The fur is soft, and varies from rusty red to maroon and to brownish black.</def>

<h1>Press</h1>
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<hw>Press</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Corrupt. fr. <ets>prest</ets> ready money advanced, a loan; hence, earnest money given soldiers on entering service. See <er>Prest</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <def>To force into service, particularly into naval service; to impress.</def>

<blockquote>To peaceful peasant to the wars is <b>pressed</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Press</h1>
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<hw>Press</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>prest</ets>, confused with <ets>press</ets>.]</ety> <def>A commission to force men into public service, particularly into the navy.</def>

<blockquote>I have misused the king's <b>press</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Press gang</col>, &or; <col>Pressgang</col></mcol>, <cd>a detachment of seamen under the command of an officer empowered to force men into the naval service. See <cref>Impress gang</cref>, under <er>Impress</er>.</cd> -- <col>Press money</col>, <cd>money paid to a man enlisted into public service. See <cref>Prest money</cref>, under <er>Prest</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Press</h1>
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<hw>Press</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pressed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pressing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>presser</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pressare</ets> to press, fr. <ets>premere</ets>, <ets>pressum</ets>, to press. Cf. <er>Print</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To urge, or act upon, with force, as weight; to act upon by pushing or thrusting, in distinction from pulling; to crowd or compel by a gradual and continued exertion; to bear upon; to squeeze; to compress; <as>as, we <ex>press</ex> the ground with the feet when we walk; we <ex>press</ex> the couch on which we repose; we <ex>press</ex> substances with the hands, fingers, or arms; we are <ex>pressed</ex> in a crowd.</as></def>

<blockquote>Good measure, <b>pressed</b> down, and shaken together.
<i>Luke vi. 38.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To squeeze, in order to extract the juice or contents of; to squeeze out, or express, from something.</def>

<blockquote>From sweet kernels <b>pressed</b>,
She tempers dulcet creams.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And I took the grapes, and <b>pressed</b> them into Pharaoh's cup, and I gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand.
<i>Gen. xl. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To squeeze in or with suitable instruments or apparatus, in order to compact, make dense, or smooth; <as>as, to <ex>press</ex> cotton bales, paper, etc</as>.; to smooth by ironing; <as>as, to <ex>press</ex> clothes</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To embrace closely; to hug.</def>

<blockquote>Leucothoe shook at these alarms,
And <b>pressed</b> Palemon closer in her arms.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To oppress; to bear hard upon.</def>

<blockquote><b>Press</b> not a falling man too far.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To straiten; to distress; <as>as, to be <ex>pressed</ex> with want or hunger</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To exercise very powerful or irresistible influence upon or over; to constrain; to force; to compel.</def>

<blockquote>Paul was <b>pressed</b> in the spirit, and testified to the Jews that Jesus was Christ.
<i>Acts xviii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To try to force (something upon some one); to urge or inculcate with earnestness or importunity; to enforce; <as>as, to <ex>press</ex> divine truth on an audience</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>pressed</b> a letter upon me within this hour.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Be sure to <b>press</b> upon him every motive.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To drive with violence; to hurry; to urge on; to ply hard; <as>as, to <ex>press</ex> a horse in a race</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The posts . . . went cut, being hastened and <b>pressed</b> on, by the king's commandment.
<i>Esther viii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Press</i> differs from <i>drive</i> and <i>strike</i> in usually denoting a slow or continued application of force; whereas <i>drive</i> and <i>strike</i> denote a sudden impulse of force.</note>

<cs><col>Pressed brick</col>. <cd>See under <er>Brick</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Press</h1>
<Xpage=1133>

<hw>Press</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To exert pressure; to bear heavily; to push, crowd, or urge with steady force.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move on with urging and crowding; to make one's way with violence or effort; to bear onward forcibly; to crowd; to throng; to encroach.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>pressed</b> upon him for to touch him.
<i>Mark iii. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To urge with vehemence or importunity; to exert a strong or compelling influence; <as>as, an argument <ex>presses</ex> upon the judgment</as>.</def>

<h1>Press</h1>
<Xpage=1133>

<hw>Press</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>presse</ets>. See 4th <er>Press</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An apparatus or machine by which any substance or body is pressed, squeezed, stamped, or shaped, or by which an impression of a body is taken; sometimes, the place or building containing a press or presses.</def>

<note>&hand; Presses are differently constructed for various purposes in the arts, their specific uses being commonly designated; <as>as, a cotton <ex>press</ex>, a wine <ex>press</ex>, a cider <ex>press</ex>, a copying <ex>press</ex>, etc</as>. See <er>Drill press</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, a printing press.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The art or business of printing and publishing; hence, printed publications, taken collectively, more especially newspapers or the persons employed in writing for them; <as>as, a free <ex>press</ex> is a blessing, a licentious <ex>press</ex> is a curse</as>.</def><-- "the press" usually refers to newspaper reporters -->

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An upright case or closet for the safe keeping of articles; <as>as, a clothes <ex>press</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The act of pressing or thronging forward.</def>

<blockquote>In their throng and <b>press</b> to that last hold.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Urgent demands of business or affairs; urgency; <as>as, a <ex>press</ex> of engagements</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A multitude of individuals crowded together; <?/ crowd of single things; a throng.</def>

<blockquote>They could not come nigh unto him for the <b>press</b>.
<i>Mark ii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Cylinder press</col>, <cd>a printing press in which the impression is produced by a revolving cylinder under which the form passes; also, one in which the form of type or plates is curved around a cylinder, instead of resting on a flat bed.</cd> <col>Hydrostatic press</col>. <cd>See under <er>Hydrostatic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Liberty of the press</col>, <cd>the free right of publishing books, pamphlets, or papers, without previous restraint or censorship, subject only to punishment for libelous, seditious, or morally pernicious matters.</cd> -- <col>Press bed</col>, <cd>a bed that may be folded, and inclosed, in a press or closet. <i>Boswell</i>.</cd> -- <col>Press of sail</col>, <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>as much sail as the state of the wind will permit.</cd></cs>

<h1>Presser</h1>
<Xpage=1133>

<hw>Press"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, presses.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Presser bar</col>, &or; <col>Presser wheel</col></mcol> <fld>(Knitting machine)</fld>, <cd>a bar or wheel which closes the barbs of the needles to enable the loops of the yarn to pass over them.</cd> -- <col>Presser foot</col>, <cd>the part of a sewing machine which rests on the cloth and presses it down upon the table of the machine.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pressgang</h1>
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<hw>Press"gang`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <cref>Press gang</cref>, under <er>Press</er>.</def>

<h1>Pressing</h1>
<Xpage=1133>

<hw>Press"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Urgent; exacting; importunate; <as>as, a <ex>pressing</ex> necessity</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Press"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pression</h1>
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<hw>Pres"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pressio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pression</ets>. See 4th <er>Press</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of pressing; pressure.</def>

<i>Sir I. Newton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Cartesian Philos.)</fld> <def>An endeavor to move.</def>

<h1>Pressiroster</h1>
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<hw>Pres`si*ros"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>presssus</ets> pressed (p. p. of <ets>premere</ets>) + <ets>rostrum</ets> beak: cf. F. <ets>pressirostre</ets>. See 4th <er>Press</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a tribe of wading birds (<spn>Pressirostres</spn>) including those which have a compressed beak, as the plovers.</def>

<h1>Pressirostral</h1>
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<hw>Pres`si*ros"tral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the pressirosters.</def>

<h1>Pressitant</h1>
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<hw>Pres"si*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See 4th <er>Press</er>.]</ety> <def>Gravitating; heavy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Pressive</h1>
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<hw>Pres"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pressing; urgent; also, oppressive; <as>as, <ex>pressive</ex> taxation</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Pressly</h1>
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<hw>Press"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Closely; concisely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pressman</h1>
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<hw>Press"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pressmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who manages, or attends to, a press, esp. a printing press.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who presses clothes; <as>as, a tailor's <ex>pressman</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Pressman</h1>
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<hw>Press"man</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Press</er>.]</ety> <def>One of a press gang, who aids in forcing men into the naval service; also, one forced into the service.</def>

<h1>Pressor</h1>
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<hw>Press"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Causing, or giving rise to, pressure or to an increase of pressure; <as>as, <ex>pressor</ex> nerve fibers, stimulation of which excites the vasomotor center, thus causing a stronger contraction of the arteries and consequently an increase of the arterial blood pressure</as>; -- opposed to <contr>depressor</contr>.</def>

<i>Landois & Stirling.</i>

<h1>Pressback</h1>
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<hw>Press"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pack, or prepare for packing, by means of a press.</def>

<h1>Pressurage</h1>
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<hw>Pres"sur*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pressure.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The juice of the grape extracted by the press; also, a fee paid for the use of a wine press.</def>

<h1>Pressure</h1>
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<hw>Pres"sure</hw> <tt>(?; 138)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF., fr. L. <ets>pressura</ets>, fr. <ets>premere</ets>. See 4th <er>Press</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of pressing, or the condition of being pressed; compression; a squeezing; a crushing; <as>as, a <ex>pressure</ex> of the hand</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A contrasting force or impulse of any kind; <as>as, the <ex>pressure</ex> of poverty; the <ex>pressure</ex> of taxes; the <ex>pressure</ex> of motives on the mind; the <ex>pressure</ex> of civilization.</as></def>

<blockquote>Where the <b>pressure</b> of danger was not felt.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Affliction; distress; grievance.</def>

<blockquote>My people's <b>pressures</b> are grievous.
<i>Eikon Basilike.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In the midst of his great troubles and <b>pressures</b>.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Urgency; <as>as, the <ex>pressure</ex> of business</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Impression; stamp; character impressed.</def>

<blockquote>All saws of books, all forms, all <b>pressures</b> past.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The action of a force against some obstacle or opposing force; a force in the nature of a thrust, distributed over a surface, often estimated with reference to the upon a unit's area.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Atmospheric pressure</col>, <col>Center of pressure</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Atmospheric</er>, <er>Center</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Back pressure</col> <fld>(Steam engine)</fld>, <cd>pressure which resists the motion of the piston, as the pressure of exhaust steam which does not find free outlet.</cd> -- <col>Fluid pressure</col>, <cd>pressure like that exerted by a fluid. It is a thrust which is normal and equally intense in all directions around a point. <i>Rankine</i>.</cd> -- <col>Pressure gauge</col>, <cd>a gauge for indicating fluid pressure; a manometer.</cd></cs>

<h1>Presswork</h1>
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<hw>Press"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of printing from the surface of type, plates, or engravings in relief, by means of a press; the work so done.</def>

<i>MacKellar.</i>

<h1>Prest</h1>
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<hw>Prest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Press</er>.</def>

<h1>Prest</h1>
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<hw>Prest</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>prest</ets>, F. <ets>pr\'88t</ets>, fr. L. <ets>praestus</ets> ready. Cf. <er>Presto</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ready; prompt; prepared.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>All <b>prest</b> to such battle he was.
<i>R. of Gloucester.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Neat; tidy; proper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<cs><col>Prest money</col>, <cd>money formerly paid to men when they enlisted into the British service; -- so called because it bound those that received it to be ready for service when called upon.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prest</h1>
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<hw>Prest</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>prest</ets>, F. <ets>pr\'88t</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>prester</ets> to lend, F. <ets>pr\'88ter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>praestare</ets> to stand before, to become surety for, to fulfill, offer, supply; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>stare</ets> to stand. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Stand</er>, and cf. <er>Press</er> to force into service.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ready money; a loan of money.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Requiring of the city a <b>prest</b> of six thousand marks.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A duty in money formerly paid by the sheriff on his account in the exchequer, or for money left or remaining in his hands.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Prest</h1>
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<hw>Prest</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give as a loan; to lend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sums of money . . . <b>prested</b> out in loan.
<i>E. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prestable</h1>
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<hw>Prest"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Payable.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Prestation</h1>
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<hw>Pres*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praestatio</ets> a performing, paying, fr. <ets>praestare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>prestation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A payment of money; a toll or duty; also, the rendering of a service.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<hr>
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Page 1134<p>

<cs><col>Prestation money</col>, <cd>a sum of money paid yearly by archdeacons and other dignitaries to their bishop.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prester</h1>
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<hw>Pres"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, from <?/ to kindle or burn, and <?/ to blow up, swell out by blowing.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A meteor or exhalation formerly supposed to be thrown from the clouds with such violence that by collision it is set on fire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>One of the veins of the neck when swollen with anger or other excitement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Prester</h1>
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<hw>Pres"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>prestre</ets>. See <er>Priest</er>.]</ety> <def>A priest or presbyter; <as>as, <ex>Prester</ex> John</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Presternum</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ster"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The anterior segment of the sternum; the manubrium.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pre*ster"nal</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Prestidigital</h1>
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<hw>Pres`ti*dig"i*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Nimble-fingered; having fingers fit for prestidigitation, or juggling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  "His <i>prestidigital</i> hand."

<i>Charles Reade.</i>

<h1>Prestidigitation</h1>
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<hw>Pres`ti*dig`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Legerdemain; sleight of hand; juggling.</def>

<h1>Prestidigitator</h1>
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<hw>Pres`ti*dig"i*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praesto</ets> ready + <ets>digitus</ets> finger: cf. F. <ets>prestidigitateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in legerdemain or sleight of hand; a juggler.</def>

<h1>Prestige</h1>
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<hw>Pres"tige</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>praestigum</ets> delusion, illusion, <ets>praestigae</ets> deceptions, jugglers' tricks, prob. fr. <ets>prae</ets> before + the root of <ets>stinguere</ets> to extinguish, originally, to prick. See <er>Stick</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Delusion; illusion; trick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The sophisms of infidelity, and the <b>prestiges</b> of imposture.
<i>Bp. Warburton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Weight or influence derived from past success; expectation of future achievements founded on those already accomplished; force or charm derived from acknowledged character or reputation.</def> "The <i>prestige</i> of his name must go for something."

<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i>

<h1>Prestigiation</h1>
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<hw>Pres*tig`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praestigiare</ets> to deceive by juggling tricks, fr. <ets>praestigae</ets>. See <er>Prestige</er>.]</ety> <def>Legerdemain; prestidigitation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Prestigiator</h1>
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<hw>Pres*tig"i*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praestigiator</ets>.]</ety> <def>A juggler; prestidigitator.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Prestigiatory</h1>
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<hw>Pres*tig"i*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of impostures; juggling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Prestigious</h1>
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<hw>Pres*tig"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praestigiosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Practicing tricks; juggling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotton Mather.</i>

<h1>Prestimony</h1>
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<hw>Pres"ti*mo*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>praestimonium</ets>, fr. L. <ets>praestare</ets> to furnish, supply: cf. F. <ets>prestimonie</ets>. See <er>Prest</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <fld>(Canon Law)</fld> <def>A fund for the support of a priest, without the title of a benefice. The patron in the collator.</def>

<h1>Prestissimo</h1>
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<hw>Pres*tis"si*mo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[It., superl. of <ets>presto</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Very quickly; with great rapidity.</def>

<h1>Presto</h1>
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<hw>Pres"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[It. or Sp. <ets>presto</ets> quick, quickly. See <er>Prest</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Quickly; immediately; in haste; suddenly.</def>

<blockquote><b>Presto</b>! begone! 'tis here again.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Quickly; rapidly; -- a direction for a quick, lively movement or performance; quicker than allegro, or any rate of time except prestissimo.</def>

<h1>Presstriction</h1>
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<hw>Pres*stric"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praestrictio</ets> a binding fast, fr. <ets>praestringere</ets>. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Stringent</er>.]</ety> <def>Obstruction, dimness, or defect of sight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Presultor</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sul"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praesultor</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>salire</ets> to dance.]</ety> <def>A leader in the dance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Presumable</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sum"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82sumable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Such as may be presumed or supposed to be true; that seems entitled to belief without direct evidence.</def>

<h1>Presumably</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sum"a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a presumable manner; by, or according to, presumption.</def>

<h1>Presume</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sume"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Presumed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Presuming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82sumer</ets>, L. <ets>praesumere</ets>, <ets>praesumptum</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>sumere</ets> to take. See <er>Assume</er>, <er>Redeem</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To assume or take beforehand; esp., to do or undertake without leave or authority previously obtained.</def>

<blockquote>Dare he <b>presume</b> to scorn us in this manner?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Bold deed thou hast <b>presumed</b>, adventurous Eve.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take or suppose to be true, or entitled to belief, without examination or proof, or on the strength of probability; to take for granted; to infer; to suppose.</def>

<blockquote>Every man is to be <b>presumed</b> innocent till he is proved to be guilty.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What rests but that the mortal sentence pass, . . .
Which he <b>presumes</b> already vain and void,
Because not yet inflicted?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Presume</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sume"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To suppose or assume something to be, or to be true, on grounds deemed valid, though not amounting to proof; to believe by anticipation; to infer; <as>as, we may <ex>presume</ex> too far</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To venture, go, or act, by an assumption of leave or authority not granted; to go beyond what is warranted by the circumstances of the case; to venture beyond license; to take liberties; -- often with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i> before the ground of confidence.</def>

<blockquote>Do not <b>presume</b> too much upon my love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This man <b>presumes</b> upon his parts.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Presumedly</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sum"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By presumption.</def>

<h1>Presumer</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sum"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who presumes; also, an arrogant person.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Presumingly</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sum"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Confidently; arrogantly.</def>

<h1>Presumption</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sump"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praesumptio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82somption</ets>, OF. also <ets>presumpcion</ets>. See <er>Presume</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of presuming, or believing upon probable evidence; the act of assuming or taking for granted; belief upon incomplete proof.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ground for presuming; evidence probable, but not conclusive; strong probability; reasonable supposition; <as>as, the <ex>presumption</ex> is that an event has taken place</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is presumed or assumed; that which is supposed or believed to be real or true, on evidence that is probable but not conclusive.</def> "In contradiction to these very plausible <i>presumptions</i>."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of venturing beyond due beyond due bounds; an overstepping of the bounds of reverence, respect, or courtesy; forward, overconfident, or arrogant opinion or conduct; presumptuousness; arrogance; effrontery.</def>

<blockquote>Thy son I killed for his <b>presumption</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I had the <b>presumption</b> to dedicate to you a very unfinished piece.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Conclusive presumption</col>. <cd>See under <er>Conclusive</er>.</cd> -- <col>Presumption of fact</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an argument of a fact from a fact; an inference as to the existence of one fact not certainly known, from the existence of some other fact known or proved, founded on a previous experience of their connection; supposition of the truth or real existence of something, without direct or positive proof of the fact, but grounded on circumstantial or probable evidence which entitles it to belief. <i>Burrill</i>. <i>Best</i>. <i>Wharton</i>.</cd> -- <col>Presumption of law</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a postulate applied in advance to all cases of a particular class; <it>e. g.</it>, the presumption of innocence and of regularity of records. Such a presumption is rebuttable or irrebuttable.</cd></cs>

<h1>Presumptive</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sump"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82somptif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Based on presumption or probability; grounded on probable evidence; probable; <as>as, <ex>presumptive</ex> proof</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Presumptuous; arrogant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<cs><col>Presumptive evidence</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>that which is derived from circumstances which necessarily or usually attend a fact, as distinct from direct evidence or positive proof; indirect or circumstantial evidence. "<i>Presumptive<i> evidence of felony should be cautiously admitted." <i>Blackstone</i>. The distinction, however, between direct and presumptive (or circumstantial) evidence is now generally abandoned; all evidence being now more or less direct and more or less presumptive.</cd> -- <col>Presumptive heir</col>. <cd>See <cref>Heir presumptive</cref>, under <er>Heir</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Presumptively</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sump"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By presumption, or supposition grounded or probability; presumably.</def>

<h1>Presumptuous</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sump"tu*ous</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praesumptuosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82somptueux</ets>, OF. also <ets>presumptuous</ets>. See <er>Presumption</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of presumption; presuming; overconfident or venturesome; audacious; rash; taking liberties unduly; arrogant; insolent; <as>as, a <ex>presumptuous</ex> commander; <ex>presumptuous</ex> conduct.</as></def>

<blockquote>A class of <b>presumptuous</b> men, whom age has not made cautious, nor adversity wise.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Founded on presumption; <as>as, a <ex>presumptuous</ex> idea</as>.</def> "False, <i>presumptuous</i> hope."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Done with hold design, rash confidence, or in violation of known duty; willful.</def> "Keep back the servant also from <i>presumptuous</i> sins."

<i>Ps. xix. 13.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Overconfident; foolhardy; rash; presuming; forward; arrogant; insolent.</syn>

<h1>Presumptuously</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sump"tu*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a presumptuous manner; arrogantly.</def>

<h1>Presumptuousness</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sump"tu*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being presumptuous.</def>

<h1>Presupposal</h1>
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<hw>Pre`sup*pos"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Presupposition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Presupposal</i> of knowledge."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Presuppose</h1>
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<hw>Pre`sup*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Presupposed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Presupposing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pre-</ets> + <ets>suppose</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82supposer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To suppose beforehand; to imply as antecedent; to take for granted; to assume; <as>as, creation <ex>presupposes</ex> a creator</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Each [kind of knowledge] <b>presupposes</b> many necessary things learned in other sciences, and known beforehand.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Presupposition</h1>
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<hw>Pre*sup`po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pre-</ets> +<ets> supposition</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82supposition</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of presupposing; an antecedent implication; presumption.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is presupposed; a previous supposition or surmise.</def>

<h1>Presurmise</h1>
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<hw>Pre`sur*mise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A surmise previously formed.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Presystolic</h1>
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<hw>Pre`sys*tol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Preceding the systole or contraction of the heart; <as>as, the <ex>presystolic</ex> friction sound</as>.</def>

<h1>Pretemporal</h1>
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<hw>Pre*tem"po*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated in front of the temporal bone.</def>

<mhw><h1>Pretence, n., Pretenceful, a., Pretenceless</h1>
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<hw>Pre*tence"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <hw>Pre*tence"ful</hw>, <tt>a.</tt>, <hw>Pre*tence"*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt></mhw> <def>See <er>Pretense</er>, <er>Pretenseful</er>, <er>Pretenseless</er>.</def>

<h1>Pretend</h1>
<Xpage=1134>

<hw>Pre*tend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pretended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pretending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>pretenden</ets> to lay claim to, F. <ets>pr\'82tendre</ets>, L. <ets>praetendere</ets>, <ets>praetentum</ets>, to stretch forward, pretend, simulate, assert; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>tendere</ets> to stretch. See <er>Tend</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay a claim to; to allege a title to; to claim.</def>

<blockquote>Chiefs shall be grudged the part which they <b>pretend</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hold before, or put forward, as a cloak or disguise for something else; to exhibit as a veil for something hidden.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lest that too heavenly form, <b>pretended</b>
To hellish falsehood, snare them.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To hold out, or represent, falsely; to put forward, or offer, as true or real (something untrue or unreal); to show hypocritically, or for the purpose of deceiving; to simulate; to feign; <as>as, to <ex>pretend</ex> friendship</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This let him know,
Lest, willfully transgressing, he <b>pretend</b>
Surprisal.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To intend; to design; to plot; to attempt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Such as shall <b>pretend</b>
Malicious practices against his state.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To hold before one; to extend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "His target always over her <i>pretended</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Pretend</h1>
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<hw>Pre*tend"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put in, or make, a claim, truly or falsely; to allege a title; to lay claim to, or strive after, something; -- usually with <i>to</i>.</def> "Countries that <i>pretend</i> to freedom."

<i>Swift.</i>

<blockquote>For to what fine he would anon <b>pretend</b>,
That know I well.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hold out the appearance of being, possessing, or performing; to profess; to make believe; to feign; to sham; <as>as, to <ex>pretend</ex> to be asleep</as>.</def>  "[He] <i>pretended</i> to drink the waters."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Pretendant</h1>
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<hw>Pre*tend"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pretender; a claimant.</def>

<h1>Pretended</h1>
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<hw>Pre*tend"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making a false appearance; unreal; false; <as>as, <ex>pretended</ex> friend</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pre*tend"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pretendence</h1>
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<hw>Pre*tend"ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of pretending; pretense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Pretender</h1>
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<hw>Pre*tend"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who lays claim, or asserts a title (to something); a claimant.</def> Specifically, <def><i>The pretender</i> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, the son or the grandson of James II., the heir of the royal family of Stuart, who laid claim to the throne of Great Britain, from which the house was excluded by law.</def>

<blockquote>It is the shallow, unimproved intellects that are the confident <b>pretenders</b> to certainty.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who pretends, simulates, or feigns.</def>

<h1>Pretendership</h1>
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<hw>Pre*tend"er*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The character, right, or claim of a pretender.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Pretendingly</h1>
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<hw>Pre*tend"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>As by right or title; arrogantly; presumptuously.</def>

<i>Collier.</i>

<h1>Pretense, Pretence</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pre*tense"</hw>, <hw>Pre*tence</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>praetensus</ets>, for L. <ets>praetentus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praetendere</ets>. See <er>Pretend</er>, and cf. <er>Tension</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of laying claim; the claim laid; assumption; pretension.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Primogeniture can not have any <b>pretense</b> to a right of solely inheriting property or power.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I went to Lambeth with Sir R. Brown's <b>pretense</b> to the wardenship of Merton College, Oxford.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of holding out, or offering, to others something false or feigned; presentation of what is deceptive or hypocritical; deception by showing what is unreal and concealing what is real; false show; simulation; <as>as, <ex>pretense</ex> of illness; under <ex>pretense</ex> of patriotism; on <ex>pretense</ex> of revenging C\'91sar's death.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is pretended; false, deceptive, or hypocritical show, argument, or reason; pretext; feint.</def>

<blockquote>Let not the Trojans, with a feigned <b>pretense</b>
Of proffered peace, delude the Latian prince.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Intention; design.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A very <b>pretense</b> and purpose of unkindness.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; See the <er>Note</er> under <er>Offense</er>.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Mask; appearance; color; show; pretext; excuse.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Pretense</er>, <er>Pretext</er>. A <i>pretense</i> is something held out as real when it is not so, thus falsifying the truth. A <i>pretext</i> is something woven up in order to cover or conceal one's true motives, feelings, or reasons. <i>Pretext</i> is often, but not always, used in a bad sense.</usage>

<h1>Pretensed</h1>
<Xpage=1134>

<hw>Pre*tensed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pretended; feigned.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Pre*tens"ed*ly</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Pretenseful</h1>
<Xpage=1134>

<hw>Pre*tense"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding in pretenses.</def>

<h1>Pretenseless</h1>
<Xpage=1134>

<hw>Pre*tense"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not having or making pretenses.</def>

<h1>Pretension</h1>
<Xpage=1134>

<hw>Pre*ten"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82tention</ets>. See <er>Pretend</er>, <er>Tension</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of pretending, or laying claim; the act of asserting right or title.</def>

<blockquote>The arrogant <b>pretensions</b> of Glengarry contributed to protract the discussion.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A claim made, whether true or false; a right alleged or assumed; a holding out the appearance of possessing a certain character; <as>as, <ex>pretensions</ex> to scholarship</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This was but an invention and <b>pretension</b> given out by the Spaniards.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Men indulge those opinions and practices that favor their <b>pretensions</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pretentative</h1>
<Xpage=1134>

<hw>Pre*ten"ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pre-</ets> + <ets>tentative</ets>: cf. L. <ets>praetentare</ets> to try beforehand.]</ety> <def>Fitted for trial beforehand; experimental.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Pretentious</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ten"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82tentieux</ets>. See <er>Pretend</er>.]</ety> <def>Full of pretension; disposed to lay claim to more than is one's; presuming; assuming.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pre*ten"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pre*ten"tious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Preter-</h1>
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<hw>Pre"ter-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>praeter</ets> past, beyond, originally a compar. of <ets>prae</ets> before. See <er>For</er>, <ets>prep</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying <i>past</i>, <i>by</i>, <i>beyond</i>, <i>more than</i>; <as>as, <ex>preter-</ex> mission, a permitting to go by; <ex>preter</ex>natural, beyond or more than is natural.</as></def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pr\'91ter</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Preterhuman</h1>
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<hw>Pre`ter*hu"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>preter-</ets> + <ets>human</ets>.]</ety> <def>More than human.</def>

<h1>Preterient</h1>
<Xpage=1134>

<hw>Pre*te"ri*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeteriens</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Preterit</er>.]</ety> <def>Passed through; antecedent; previous; <as>as, <ex>preterient</ex> states</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Preterimperfect</h1>
<Xpage=1134>

<hw>Pre`ter*im*per"fect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>preter-</ets> + <ets>imperfect</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Old name of the tense also called <altname>imperfect</altname>.</def>

<h1>Preterist</h1>
<Xpage=1134>

<hw>Pret"er*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>preter-</ets> + <ets>-ist</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One whose chief interest is in the past; one who regards the past with most pleasure or favor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>One who believes the prophecies of the Apocalypse to have been already fulfilled.</def>

<i>Farrar.</i>

<h1>Preterit</h1>
<Xpage=1134>

<hw>Pret"er*it</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeteritus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praeterire</ets> to go or pass by; <ets>praeter</ets> beyond, by + <ets>ire</ets> to go: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82t\'82rit</ets>. See <er>Issue</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>preterite</asp> and <asp>pr\'91terite</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Past; -- applied to a tense which expresses an action or state as past.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Belonging wholly to the past; passed by.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Things and persons as thoroughly <b>preterite</b> as Romulus or Numa.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Preterit</h1>
<Xpage=1134>

<hw>Pret"er*it</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The preterit; also, a word in the preterit tense.</def>

<h1>Preterite</h1>
<Xpage=1134>

<hw>Pret"er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Preterit</er>.</def>

<h1>Preteriteness</h1>
<Xpage=1134>

<hw>Pret"er*ite*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Preteritness</er>.</def>

<h1>Preterition</h1>
<Xpage=1134>

<hw>Pre`ter*i"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeteritio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82t\'82rition</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of passing, or going past; the state of being past.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which, in pretending to pass over anything, a summary mention of it is made; <as>as, "I will not say, he is valiant, he is learned, he is just</as>."  Called also <altname>paraleipsis</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The omission by a testator of some one of his heirs who is entitled to a portion.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Preteritive</h1>
<Xpage=1134>

<hw>Pre*ter"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Used only or chiefly in the preterit or past tenses, as certain verbs.</def>

<h1>Preteritness</h1>
<Xpage=1134>

<hw>Pret"er*it*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being past.</def>

<i>Bentley. Lowell.</i>

<h1>Preterlapsed</h1>
<Xpage=1134>

<hw>Pre`ter*lapsed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeterlapsus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praeterlabi</ets> to glide by. See <er>Preter-</er>, <er>Lapse</er>.]</ety> <def>Past; <as>as, <ex>preterlapsed</ex> ages</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Preterlegal</h1>
<Xpage=1134>

<hw>Pre`ter*le"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>preter-</ets> + <ets>legal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Exceeding the limits of law.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="1135">
Page 1135<p>

<h1>Pretermission</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre`ter*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praetermissio</ets>. See <er>Pretermit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of passing by or omitting; omission.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>See <er>Preterition</er>.</def>

<h1>Pretermit</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre`ter*mit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pretermitted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pretermitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>praetermittere</ets>, <ets>praetermissum</ets>; <ets>praeter</ets> beyond + <ets>mittere</ets> to send. See <er>Mission</er>.]</ety> <def>To pass by; to omit; to disregard.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Preternatural</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre`ter*nat"u*ral</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>preter + natural</ets>.]</ety> <def>Beyond of different from what is natural, or according to the regular course of things, but not clearly supernatural or miraculous; strange; inexplicable; extraordinary; uncommon; irregular; abnormal; <as>as, a <ex>preternatural</ex> appearance; a <ex>preternatural</ex> stillness; a <ex>preternatural</ex> presentation (in childbirth) or labor.</as></def>

<blockquote>This vile and <b>preternatural</b> temper of mind.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Supernatural</er>.</syn>

<h1>Preternaturalism</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being preternatural; a preternatural condition.</def>

<h1>Preternaturality</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre`ter*nat`u*ral"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Preternaturalness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. John Smith.</i>

<h1>Preternaturally</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ly</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a preternatural manner or degree.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Preternaturalness</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being preternatural.</def>

<h1>Preterperfect</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre`ter*per"fect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>preter-</ets> + <ets>perfect</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Old name of the tense also called <altname>preterit</altname>.</def>

<h1>Preterpluperfect</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre`ter*plu"per`fect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>preter-</ets> + <ets>pluperfect</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Old name of the tense also called <altname>pluperfect</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pretertiary</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre*ter"ti*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Earlier than Tertiary.</def>

<h1>Pretervection</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre`ter*vec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praetervectio</ets>, fr. <ets>praetervehere</ets> to carry beyond. See <er>Invection</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of carrying past or beyond.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Abp. Potter.</i>

<h1>Pretex</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre*tex"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praetexere</ets>. See <er>Pretext</er>.]</ety> <def>To frame; to devise; to disguise or excuse; hence, to pretend; to declare falsely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pretext</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre"text</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82texte</ets>, L. <ets>praetextum</ets>, fr. <ets>praetextus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praetexere</ets> to weave before, allege as an excuse; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>texere</ets> to weave. See <er>Text</er>.]</ety> <def>Ostensible reason or motive assigned or assumed as a color or cover for the real reason or motive; pretense; disguise.</def>

<blockquote>They suck the blood of those they depend on, under a <b>pretext</b> of service and kindness.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With how much or how little <b>pretext</b> of reason.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Pretense; excuse; semblance; disguise; appearance. See <er>Pretense</er>.</syn>

<h1>Pretexture</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre*tex"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pretext.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pretibial</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre*tib"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated in front of the tibia.</def>

<h1>Pretor</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praetor</ets>, for <ets>praeitor</ets>, fr. <ets>praeire</ets> to go before; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>ire</ets> to go. See <er>Issue</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A civil officer or magistrate among the ancient Romans.</def>

<note>&hand; Originally the <i>pretor</i> was a kind of third consul; but at an early period two pretors were appointed, the first of whom (<i>praetor urbanus</i>) was a kind of mayor or city judge; the other (<i>praetor peregrinus</i>) was a judge of cases in which one or both of the parties were foreigners. Still later, the number of pretors, or judges, was further increased.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, a mayor or magistrate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Pretorial</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pretorian.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Pretorian</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre*to"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praetorians</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82torien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a pretor or magistrate; judicial; exercised by, or belonging to, a pretor; <as>as, <ex>pretorian</ex> power or authority</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Pretorian bands</col> &or; <col>guards</col>, &or; <col>Pretorians</col></mcol> <fld>(Rom. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>the emperor's bodyguards, instituted by the Emperor Augustus in nine cohorts of 1,000 men each.</cd> -- <col>Pretorian gate</col> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>that one of the four gates in a camp which lay next the enemy.</cd></cs>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Pretorian</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre*to"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A soldier of the pretorian guard.</def>

<h1>Pretorium</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre*to"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praetorium</ets>, fr. <ets>praetor</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The general's tent in a Roman camp; hence, a council of war, because held in the general's tent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The official residence of a governor of a province; hence, a place; a splendid country seat.</def>

<h1>Pretorship</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre"tor*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or dignity of a pretor.</def>

<i>J. Warton</i>

<h1>Pretorture</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pre*tor"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To torture beforehand.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Prettily</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pret"ti*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pretty manner.</def>

<h1>Prettiness</h1>
<Xpage=1135>

<hw>Pret"ti*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being pretty; -- used sometimes in a disparaging sense.</def>

<blockquote>A style . . . without sententious pretension or antithetical <b>prettiness</b>.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pretty</h1>
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<hw>Pret"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Prettier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Prettiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>prati</ets>, AS. <ets>pr\'91ttig</ets>, <ets>pr\'91tig</ets>, crafty, sly, akin to <ets>pr\'91t</ets>, <ets>pr\'91tt</ets>, deceit, trickery, Icel. <ets>prettugr</ets> tricky, <ets>prettr</ets> a trick; probably fr. Latin, perhaps through Celtic; cf. W. <ets>praith</ets> act, deed, practice, LL. <ets>practica</ets> execution, practice, plot. See <er>Practice</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pleasing by delicacy or grace; attracting, but not striking or impressing; of a pleasing and attractive form a color; having slight or diminutive beauty; neat or elegant without elevation or grandeur; pleasingly, but not grandly, conceived or expressed; <as>as, a <ex>pretty</ex> face; a <ex>pretty</ex> flower; a <ex>pretty</ex> poem.</as></def>

<blockquote>This is the <b>prettiest</b> lowborn lass that ever
Ran on the greensward.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Moderately large; considerable; <as>as, he had saved a <ex>pretty</ex> fortune</as>.</def> "Wavering a <i>pretty</i> while."

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Affectedly nice; foppish; -- used in an ill sense.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>pretty</b> gentleman is the most complaisant in the world.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Mean; despicable; contemptible; -- used ironically; <as>as, a <ex>pretty</ex> trick; a <ex>pretty</ex> fellow.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Stout; strong and brave; intrepid; valiant.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>[He] observed they were <b>pretty</b> men, meaning not handsome.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Elegant; neat; fine. See <er>Handsome</er>.</syn>

<h1>Pretty</h1>
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<hw>Pret"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In some degree; moderately; considerably; rather; almost; -- less emphatic than <i>very</i>; <as>as, I am <ex>pretty</ex> sure of the fact; <ex>pretty</ex> cold weather.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Pretty</b> plainly professes himself a sincere Christian.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prettyish</h1>
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<hw>Pret"ty*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat pretty.</def>

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Prettyism</h1>
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<hw>Pret"ty*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Affectation of a pretty style, manner, etc.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ed. Rev.</i>

<h1>Pretty-spoken</h1>
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<hw>Pret"ty-spo`ken</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Spoken or speaking prettily.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Pretypify</h1>
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<hw>Pre*typ"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pretypified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pretypifying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To prefigure; to exhibit previously in a type.</def>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Pretzel</h1>
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<hw>Pret"zel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>pretzel</ets>, <ets>bretzel</ets>. Cf. <er>Bretzel</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of German biscuit or cake in the form of a twisted ring, salted on the outside.</def>

<h1>Prevail</h1>
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<hw>Pre*vail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prevailed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prevailing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82valoir</ets>, OF. <ets>prevaleir</ets>, L. <ets>praevalere</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>valere</ets> to be strong, able, or worth. See <er>Valiant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To overcome; to gain the victory or superiority; to gain the advantage; to have the upper hand, or the mastery; to succeed; -- sometimes with <i>over</i> or <i>against</i>.</def>

<blockquote>When Moses held up his hand, Israel <b>prevailed</b>, and when he let down his hand, Amalek <b>prevailed</b>.
<i>Ex. xvii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So David <b>prevailed</b> over the Philistine.
<i>1 Sam. xvii. 50.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This kingdom could never <b>prevail</b> against the united power of <b>England</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be in force; to have effect, power, or influence; to be predominant; to have currency or prevalence; to obtain; <as>as, the practice <ex>prevails</ex> this day</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This custom makes the short-sighted bigots, and the warier skeptics, as far as it <b>prevails</b>.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To persuade or induce; -- with <i>on</i>, <i>upon</i>, or <i>with</i>; <as>as, I <ex>prevailed</ex>on him to wait</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He was <b>prevailed</b> with to restrain the Earl.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Prevail</b> upon some judicious friend to be your constant hearer, and allow him the utmost freedom.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prevailing</h1>
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<hw>Pre*vail"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having superior force or influence; efficacious; persuasive.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Saints shall assist thee with <b>prevailing</b> prayers.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Predominant; prevalent; most general; <as>as, the <ex>prevailing</ex> disease of a climate; a <ex>prevailing</ex> opinion.</as></def>

<syn>Syn.  See <er>Prevalent</er>.</syn>

<h1>Prevailingly</h1>
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<hw>Pre*vail"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to prevail.</def>

<h1>Prevailment</h1>
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<hw>Pre*vail"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Prevalence; superior influence; efficacy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Prevalence</h1>
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<hw>Prev"a*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praevalentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82valence</ets>. See <er>Prevail</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or condition of being prevalent; superior strength, force, or influence; general existence, reception, or practice; wide extension; <as>as, the <ex>prevalence</ex> of virtue, of a fashion, or of a disease; the <ex>prevalence</ex> of a rumor.</as></def>

<blockquote>The duke better knew what kind of argument were of <b>prevalence</b> with him.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prevalency</h1>
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<hw>Prev"a*len*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Prevalence</er>.</def>

<h1>Prevalent</h1>
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<hw>Prev"a*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praevalens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>praevalere</ets>. See <er>Prevail</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Gaining advantage or superiority; having superior force, influence, or efficacy; prevailing; predominant; successful; victorious.</def>

<blockquote>Brennus told the Roman embassadors, that <b>prevalent</b> arms were as good as any title.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Most generally received or current; most widely adopted or practiced; also, generally or extensively existing; widespread; prevailing; <as>as, a <ex>prevalent</ex> observance; <ex>prevalent</ex> disease.</as></def>

<blockquote>This was the most received and <b>prevalent</b> opinion.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Prevailing; predominant; successful; efficacious; powerful.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Prevalent</er>, <er>Prevailing</er>. What customarily prevails is <i>prevalent</i>; <as>as, a <ex>prevalent</ex> fashion</as>. What actually prevails is <i>prevailing</i>; <as>as, the <ex>prevailing</ex> winds are west</as>. Hence, <i>prevailing</i> is the livelier and more pointed word, since it represents a thing in action. It is sometimes the stronger word, since a thing may prevail sufficiently to be called <i>prevalent</i>, and yet require greater strength to make it actually <i>prevailing</i>.</usage>

<h1>Prevalently</h1>
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<hw>Prev"a*lent"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a prevalent manner.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Prevaricate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*var"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prevaricated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prevaricating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>praevaricatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praevaricari</ets> to walk crookedly, to collude; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>varicare</ets> to straddle, fr. <ets>varicus</ets> straddling, <ets>varus</ets> bent. See <er>Varicose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shift or turn from one side to the other, from the direct course, or from truth; to speak with equivocation; to shuffle; to quibble; <as>as, he <ex>prevaricates</ex> in his statement</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>prevaricates</b> with his own understanding.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>To collude, as where an informer colludes with the defendant, and makes a sham prosecution.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To undertake a thing falsely and deceitfully, with the purpose of defeating or destroying it.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To evade; equivocate; quibble; shuffle.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Prevaricate</er>, <er>Evade</er>, <er>Equivocate</er>. One who <i>evades</i> a question ostensibly answers it, but really turns aside to some other point. He who <i>equivocate</i> uses words which have a double meaning, so that in one sense he can claim to have said the truth, though he does in fact deceive, and intends to do it. He who <i>prevaricates</i> talks all round the question, hoping to "dodge" it, and disclose nothing.</usage>

<h1>Prevaricate</h1>
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<hw>Pre*var"i*cate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To evade by a quibble; to transgress; to pervert.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Prevarication</h1>
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<hw>Pre*var`i*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praevaricatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82varication</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of prevaricating, shuffling, or quibbling, to evade the truth or the disclosure of truth; a deviation from the truth and fair dealing.</def>

<blockquote>The august tribunal of the skies, where no <b>prevarication</b> shall avail.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A secret abuse in the exercise of a public office.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Roman Law)</fld> <def>The collusion of an informer with the defendant, for the purpose of making a sham prosecution.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Common Law)</fld> <def>A false or deceitful seeming to undertake a thing for the purpose of defeating or destroying it.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Prevaricator</h1>
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<hw>Pre*var"i*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praevaricator</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pr\'82varicateur</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who prevaricates.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Roman Law)</fld> <def>A sham dealer; one who colludes with a defendant in a sham prosecution.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who betrays or abuses a trust.</def>

<i>Prynne.</i>

<h1>Preve</h1>
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<hw>Preve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & i.</tt> <def>To prove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Preve</h1>
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<hw>Preve</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Proof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Prevenance</h1>
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<hw>Prev"e*nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82venance</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>A going before; anticipation in sequence or order.</def> "The law of <i>prevenance</i> is simply the well-known law of phenomenal sequence."

<i>Ward.</i>

<h1>Prevenancy</h1>
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<hw>Prev"e*nan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of anticipating another's wishes, desires, etc., in the way of favor or courtesy; hence, civility; obligingness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Prevene</h1>
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<hw>Pre*vene"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82venir</ets>, L. <ets>praevenire</ets>. See <er>Prevent</er>.]</ety> <def>To come before; to anticipate; hence, to hinder; to prevent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Philips.</i>

<h1>Prevenience</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ven"i*ence</hw> <tt>(?; 106)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of going before; anticipation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Prevenient</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ven"i*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praeveniens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Going before; preceding; hence, preventive.</def> "<i>Prevenient</i> grace descending."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Prevent</h1>
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<hw>Pre*vent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prevented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Preventing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>praevenire</ets>, <ets>praeventum</ets>; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>venire</ets> to come. See <er>Come</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go before; to precede; hence, to go before as a guide; to direct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not <b>prevent</b> them which are asleep.
<i>1 Thess. iv. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We pray thee that thy grace may always <b>prevent</b> and follow us.
<i>Bk. of Common Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Then had I come, <b>preventing</b> Sheba's queen.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be beforehand with; to anticipate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Their ready guilt <b>preventing</b> thy commands.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To intercept; to hinder; to frustrate; to stop; to thwart.</def> "This vile purpose to <i>prevent</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Perhaps forestalling night <b>prevented</b> them.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prevent</h1>
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<hw>Pre*vent"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To come before the usual time.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Strawberries . . . will <b>prevent</b> and come early.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Preventability</h1>
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<hw>Pre*vent`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being preventable.</def>

<h1>Preventable</h1>
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<hw>Pre*vent"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being prevented or hindered; <as>as, <ex>preventable</ex> diseases</as>.</def>

<h1>Preventative</h1>
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<hw>Pre*vent"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which prevents; -- incorrectly used instead of <i>preventive</i>.</def>

<h1>Preventer</h1>
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<hw>Pre*vent"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who goes before; one who forestalls or anticipates another.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who prevents or obstructs; a hinderer; that which hinders; <as>as, a <ex>preventer</ex> of evils or of disease</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An auxiliary rope to strengthen a mast.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Preventer bolts</col>, &or; <col>Preventer plates</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>fixtures connected with preventers to re\'89nforce other rigging.</cd> -- <col>Preventer stay</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Preventer</er>, 3.</cd></cs>

<h1>Preventingly</h1>
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<hw>Pre*vent"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to prevent or hinder.</def>

<h1>Prevention</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ven"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82vention</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of going, or state of being, before.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The greater the distance, the greater the <b>prevention</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anticipation; esp., anticipation of needs or wishes; hence, precaution; forethought.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond. Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of preventing or hindering; obstruction of action, access, or approach; thwarting.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>Casca, be sudden, for we fear <b>prevention</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Prejudice; prepossession.</def> <mark>[A Gallicism]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Preventional</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ven"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to prevent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Preventive</h1>
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<hw>Pre*vent"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82ventif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Going before; preceding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Any previous counsel or <b>preventive</b> understanding.
<i>Cudworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tending to defeat or hinder; obviating; preventing the access of; <as>as, a medicine <ex>preventive</ex> of disease</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Physic is either curative or <b>preventive</b>.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Preventive service</col>, <cd>the duty performed by the armed police in guarding the coast against smuggling. <mark>[Eng]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Preventive</h1>
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<hw>Pre*vent"ive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which prevents, hinders, or obstructs; that which intercepts access; in medicine, something to prevent disease; a prophylactic.</def>

<h1>Preventively</h1>
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<hw>Pre*vent"ive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a preventive manner.</def>

<h1>Prevertebral</h1>
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<hw>Pre*ver"te*bral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated immediately in front, or on the ventral side, of the vertebral column; prespinal.</def>

<h1>Previous</h1>
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<hw>Pre"vi*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praevius</ets> going before, leading the way; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>via</ets> the way. See <er>Voyage</er>.]</ety> <def>Going before in time; being or happening before something else; antecedent; prior; <as>as, <ex>previous</ex> arrangements; a <ex>previous</ex> illness.</as></def>

<blockquote>The dull sound . . . <b>previous</b> to the storm,
Rolls o'er the muttering earth.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Previous question</col>. <fld>(Parliamentary Practice)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Question</er>, and compare <er>Closure</er>.</cd> -- <col>Previous to</col>, <cd>before; -- often used adverbially for <i>previously</i>. "<i>Previous to<i> publication." <i>M. Arnold</i>.  "A policy . . . his friends had advised <i>previous to</i> 1710." <i>J. H. Newman</i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Antecedent; preceding; anterior; prior; foregoing; former.</syn>

<h1>Previously</h1>
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<hw>Pre"vi*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Beforehand; antecedently; <as>as, a plan <ex>previously</ex> formed</as>.</def>

<h1>Previousness</h1>
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<hw>Pre"vi*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being previous; priority or antecedence in time.</def>

<h1>Previse</h1>
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<hw>Pre*vise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>praevisus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>praevidere</ets> to foresee; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>videre</ets> to see. See <er>Vision</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To foresee.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inform beforehand; to warn.</def>

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<h1>Prevision</h1>
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<hw>Pre*vi"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pr\'82vision</ets>.]</ety> <def>Foresight; foreknowledge; prescience.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Prevoyant</h1>
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<hw>Pre*voy"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pr\'82voyant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Foreseeing; prescient.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Mrs. Oliphant.</i>

<h1>Prewarn</h1>
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<hw>Pre*warn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prewarned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prewarning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To warn beforehand; to forewarn.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="1136">
Page 1136<p>

<h1>Prey</h1>
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<hw>Prey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>preie</ets>, F. <ets>proie</ets>, L. <ets>praeda</ets>, probably for <ets>praeheda</ets>. See <er>Prehensile</er>, and cf. <er>Depredate</er>, <er>Predatory</er>.]</ety> <def>Anything, as goods, etc., taken or got by violence; anything taken by force from an enemy in war; spoil; booty; plunder.</def>

<blockquote>And they brought the captives, and the <b>prey</b>, and the spoil, unto Moses, and Eleazar the priest.
<i>Num. xxxi. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is or may be seized by animals or birds to be devoured; hence, a person given up as a victim.</def>

<blockquote>The old lion perisheth for lack of <b>prey</b>.
<i>Job iv. ii.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Already sees herself the monster's <b>prey</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of devouring other creatures; ravage.</def>

<blockquote>Hog in sloth, fox in stealth, . . . lion in <b>prey</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Beast of prey</col>, <cd>a carnivorous animal; one that feeds on the flesh of other animals.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prey</h1>
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<hw>Prey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Preyed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Preying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>preier</ets>, <ets>preer</ets>, L. <ets>praedari</ets>, fr. <ets>praeda</ets>. See <er>Prey</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <def>To take booty; to gather spoil; to ravage; to take food by violence.</def>

<blockquote>More pity that the eagle should be mewed,
While kites and buzzards <b>prey</b> at liberty.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To prey on</col> &or; <col>upon</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To take prey from; to despoil; to pillage; to rob</cd>. <i>Shak.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To seize as prey; to take for food by violence; to seize and devour.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To wear away gradually; to cause to waste or pine away; as, the trouble <i>preyed upon<i> his mind.</cd></cs>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Preyer</h1>
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<hw>Prey"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, preys; a plunderer; a waster; a devourer.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Preyful</h1>
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<hw>Prey"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Disposed to take prey.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>preyful</b> brood of savage beasts.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rich in prey.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Prezygapophysis</h1>
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<hw>Pre*zyg`a*poph"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Prezygapophyses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Pre-</er>, and <er>Zygapophysis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An anterior zygapophysis.</def>

<h1>Prial</h1>
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<hw>Pri"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A corruption of <i>pair royal</i>. See under <er>Pair</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Prian</h1>
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<hw>Pri"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cornish, clayey ground, from <ets>pri</ets> clay.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A fine, white, somewhat friable clay; also, the ore contained in a mixture of clay and pebbles.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pryan</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Priapean</h1>
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<hw>Pri`a*pe"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>Priapeius</ets> pertaining to Priapus.]</ety> <fld>(Lat. Pros.)</fld> <def>A species of hexameter verse so constructed as to be divisible into two portions of three feet each, having generally a trochee in the first and the fourth foot, and an amphimacer in the third; -- applied also to a regular hexameter verse when so constructed as to be divisible into two portions of three feet each.</def>

<i>Andrews.</i>

<h1>Priapism</h1>
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<hw>Pri"a*pism</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>priapismus</ets>, Gr. <?/, from <ets>Priapus</ets> the god of procreation, the penis, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>priapisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>More or less permanent erection and rigidity of the penis, with or without sexual desire.</def>

<h1>Priapulacea</h1>
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<hw>Pri*ap`u*la"ce*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Priapism</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of Gephyr\'91a, having a cylindrical body with a terminal anal opening, and usually with one or two caudal gills.</def>

<h1>Pricasour</h1>
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<hw>Pric"a*sour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hard rider.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Price</h1>
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<hw>Price</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pris</ets>, OF. <ets>pris</ets>, F. <ets>prix</ets>, L. <ets>pretium</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ I sell <?/ to buy, Skr. <ets>pa<?/</ets> to buy, OI. <ets>renim</ets> I sell. Cf. <er>Appreciate</er>, <er>Depreciate</er>, <er>Interpret</er>, <er>Praise</er>, <tt>n.<tt> & <tt>v.<tt>, <er>Precious</er>, <er>Prize</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The sum or amount of money at which a thing is valued, or the value which a seller sets on his goods in market; that for which something is bought or sold, or offered for sale; equivalent in money or other means of exchange; current value or rate paid or demanded in market or in barter; cost.</def> "Buy wine and milk without money and without <i>price</i>."

<i>Isa. lv. 1.</i>

<blockquote>We can afford no more at such a <b>price</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Value; estimation; excellence; worth.</def>

<blockquote>Her <b>price</b> is far above rubies.
<i>Prov. xxxi. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>New treasures still, of countless <b>price</b>.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Reward; recompense; <as>as, the <ex>price</ex> of industry</as>.</def>

<blockquote>'T is the <b>price</b> of toil,
The knave deserves it when he tills the soil.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Price current</col>, &or; <col>Price list</col></mcol>, <cd>a statement or list of the prevailing prices of merchandise, stocks, specie, bills of exchange, etc., published statedly or occasionally.</cd></cs>

<h1>Price</h1>
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<hw>Price</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Priced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pricing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pay the price of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With thine own blood to <b>price</b> his blood.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To set a price on; to value. See <er>Prize</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To ask the price of; <as>as, to <ex>price</ex> eggs</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Priced</h1>
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<hw>Priced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rated in price; valued; <as>as, high-<ex>priced</ex> goods; low-<ex>priced</ex> labor.</as></def>

<h1>Priceite</h1>
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<hw>Price"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Thomas <ets>Price</ets> of San Francisco.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous borate of lime, from Oregon.</def>

<h1>Priceless</h1>
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<hw>Price"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Too valuable to admit of being appraised; of inestimable worth; invaluable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of no value; worthless.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Barlow.</i>

<h1>Prick</h1>
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<hw>Prick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>prica</ets>, <ets>pricca</ets>, <ets>pricu</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>prick</ets>, <ets>pricke</ets>, D. <ets>prik</ets>, Dan. <ets>prik</ets>, <ets>prikke</ets>, Sw. <ets>prick</ets>. Cf. <er>Prick</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which pricks, penetrates, or punctures; a sharp and slender thing; a pointed instrument; a goad; a spur, etc.; a point; a skewer.</def>

<blockquote>Pins, wooden <b>pricks</b>, nails, sprigs of rosemary.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is hard for thee to kick against the <b>pricks</b>.
<i>Acts ix. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of pricking, or the sensation of being pricked; a sharp, stinging pain; figuratively, remorse.</def> "The <i>pricks</i> of conscience."

<i>A. Tucker.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A mark made by a pointed instrument; a puncture; a point.</def> Hence: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A point or mark on the dial, noting the hour</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>prick</i> of noon." <i>Shak.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The point on a target at which an archer aims; the mark; the pin</def>. "They that shooten nearest the <i>prick</i>." <i>Spenser</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A mark denoting degree; degree; pitch</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>prick</i> of highest praise forth to advance." <i>Spenser</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A mathematical point; -- regularly used in old English translations of Euclid</def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>The footprint of a hare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small roll; <as>as, a <ex>prick</ex> of spun yarn; a <ex>prick</ex> of tobacco.</as></def>

<h1>Prick</h1>
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<hw>Prick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pricked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pricking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>prician</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>pricken</ets>, D. <ets>prikken</ets>, Dan. <ets>prikke</ets>, Sw. <ets>pricka</ets>. See <er>Prick</er>, <tt>n.<tt>, and cf. <er>Prink</er>, <er>Prig</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pierce slightly with a sharp-pointed instrument or substance; to make a puncture in, or to make by puncturing; to drive a fine point into; <as>as, to <ex>prick</ex> one with a pin, needle, etc.; to <ex>prick</ex> a card; to <ex>prick</ex> holes in paper.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fix by the point; to attach or hang by puncturing; <as>as, to <ex>prick</ex> a knife into a board</as>.</def>

<i>Sir I. Newton.</i>

<blockquote>The cooks <b>prick</b> it [a slice] on a prong of iron.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To mark or denote by a puncture; to designate by pricking; to choose; to mark; -- sometimes with <i>off</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Some who are <b>pricked</b> for sheriffs.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let the soldiers for duty be carefully <b>pricked</b> off.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those many, then, shall die: their names are <b>pricked</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To mark the outline of by puncturing; to trace or form by pricking; to mark by punctured dots; <as>as, to <ex>prick</ex> a pattern for embroidery; to <ex>prick</ex> the notes of a musical composition.</as></def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To ride or guide with spurs; to spur; to goad; to incite; to urge on; -- sometimes with <i>on</i>, or <i>off</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Who <b>pricketh</b> his blind horse over the fallows.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The season <b>pricketh</b> every gentle heart.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My duty <b>pricks</b> me on to utter that.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To affect with sharp pain; to sting, as with remorse.</def> "I was <i>pricked</i> with some reproof."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>Now when they heard this, they were <b>pricked</b> in their heart.
<i>Acts ii. 37.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To make sharp; to erect into a point; to raise, as something pointed; -- said especially of the ears of an animal, as a horse or dog; and usually followed by <i>up</i>; -- hence, <i>to prick up the ears</i>, to listen sharply; to have the attention and interest strongly engaged.</def> "The courser . . . <i>pricks</i> up his ears."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To render acid or pungent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To dress; to prink; -- usually with <i>up</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Naut)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To run a middle seam through, as the cloth of a sail.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To trace on a chart, as a ship's course.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To drive a nail into (a horse's foot), so as to cause lameness.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To nick.</def>

<h1>Prick</h1>
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<hw>Prick</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be punctured; to suffer or feel a sharp pain, as by puncture; <as>as, a sore finger <ex>pricks</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To spur onward; to ride on horseback.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>A gentle knight was <b>pricking</b> on the plain.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To become sharp or acid; to turn sour, as wine.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To aim at a point or mark.</def>

<i>Hawkins.</i>

<h1>Prick-eared</h1>
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<hw>Prick"-eared`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having erect, pointed ears; -- said of certain dogs.</def>

<blockquote>Thou <b>prick-eared</b> cur of Iceland.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pricker</h1>
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<hw>Prick"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, pricks; a pointed instrument; a sharp point; a prickle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who spurs forward; a light horseman.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>prickers</b>, who rode foremost, . . . halted.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A priming wire; a priming needle, -- used in blasting and gunnery.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small marline spike having generally a wooden handle, -- used in sailmaking.</def>

<i>R. H. Dana, Ir.</i>

<h1>Pricket</h1>
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<hw>Prick"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perhaps so called from the state of his horns. See <er>Prick</er>, and cf. <er>Brocket</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A buck in his second year. See <er>Note</er> under 3d <er>Buck</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pricking</h1>
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<hw>Prick"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of piercing or puncturing with a sharp point.</def> "There is that speaketh like the <i>prickings</i> of a sword."

<i>Prov. xii. 18 [1583].</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The driving of a nail into a horse's foot so as to produce lameness.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Nicking</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sensation of being pricked.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The mark or trace left by a hare's foot; a prick; also, the act of tracing a hare by its footmarks.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Dressing one's self for show; prinking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pricking-up</h1>
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<hw>Prick"ing-up</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The first coating of plaster in work of three coats upon laths. Its surface is scratched once to form a better key for the next coat. In the United States called <altname>scratch coat</altname>.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Prickle</h1>
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<hw>Pric"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>pricele</ets>, <ets>pricle</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>prickel</ets>, D. <ets>prikkel</ets>. See <er>Prick</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little prick; a small, sharp point; a fine, sharp process or projection, as from the skin of an animal, the bark of a plant, etc.; a spine.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of willow basket; -- a term still used in some branches of trade.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sieve of filberts, -- about fifty pounds.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Prickle</h1>
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<hw>Pric"kle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To prick slightly, as with prickles, or fine, sharp points.</def>

<blockquote>Felt a horror over me creep,
<b>Prickle</b> skin, and catch my breath.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prickleback, Pricklefish</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pric"kle*back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pric"kle*fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The stickleback.</def>

<h1>Prickliness</h1>
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<hw>Prick"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Prickly</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being prickly, or of having many prickles.</def>

<h1>Prickling</h1>
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<hw>Prick"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Prickly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Pricklouse</h1>
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<hw>Prick"louse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tailor; -- so called in contempt.</def> <mark>[Old slang]</mark>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Prickly</h1>
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<hw>Prick"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of sharp points or prickles; armed or covered with prickles; <as>as, a <ex>prickly</ex> shrub</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Prickly ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a prickly shrub (<spn>Xanthoxylum Americanum</spn>) with yellowish flowers appearing with the leaves. All parts of the plant are pungent and aromatic. The southern species is <spn>X. Carolinianum</spn>. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Prickly heat</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a noncontagious cutaneous eruption of red pimples, attended with intense itching and tingling of the parts affected. It is due to inflammation of the sweat glands, and is often brought on by overheating the skin in hot weather.</cd> -- <col>Prickly pear</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to several plants of the cactaceous genus <spn>Opuntia</spn>, American plants consisting of fleshy, leafless, usually flattened, and often prickly joints inserted upon each other. The sessile flowers have many petals and numerous stamens. The edible fruit is a large pear-shaped berry containing many flattish seeds. The common species of the Northern Atlantic States is <spn>Opuntia vulgaris</spn>. In the South and West are many others, and in tropical America more than a hundred more. <spn>O. vulgaris</spn>, <spn>O. Ficus-Indica</spn>, and <spn>O. Tuna</spn> are abundantly introduced in the Mediterranean region, and <spn>O. Dillenii</spn> has become common in India.</cd> -- <col>Prickly pole</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a West Indian palm (<spn>Bactris Plumierana</spn>), the slender trunk of which bears many rings of long black prickles.</cd> -- <col>Prickly withe</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a West Indian cactaceous plant (<spn>Cereus triangularis</spn>) having prickly, slender, climbing, triangular stems.</cd> -- <col>Prickly rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of South American burrowing rodents belonging to <spn>Ctenomys</spn> and allied genera. The hair is usually intermingled with sharp spines.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prickmadam</h1>
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<hw>Prick"mad`am</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>trique-madame</ets>. Cf. <er>Tripmadam</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several species of stonecrop, used as ingredients of vermifuge medicines. See <er>Stonecrop</er>.</def>

<h1>Prickpunch</h1>
<Xpage=1136>

<hw>Prick"punch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pointed steel punch, to prick a mark on metal.</def>

<h1>Prickshaft</h1>
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<hw>Prick"shaft`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An arrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pricksong</h1>
<Xpage=1136>

<hw>Prick"song`</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Prick</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 4.]</ety> <def>Music written, or noted, with dots or points; -- so called from the points or dots with which it is noted down.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He fights as you sing <b>pricksong</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prickwood</h1>
<Xpage=1136>

<hw>Prick"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shrub (<spn>Euonymus Europ\'91us</spn>); -- so named from the use of its wood for goads, skewers, and shoe pegs. Called also <altname>spindle tree</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pricky</h1>
<Xpage=1136>

<hw>Prick"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Stiff and sharp; prickly.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Pride</h1>
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<hw>Pride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>lamprede</ets>, LL. <ets>lampreda</ets>, E. <ets>lamprey</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European lamprey (<spn>Petromyzon branchialis</spn>); -- called also <altname>prid</altname>, and <altname>sandpiper</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pride</h1>
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<hw>Pride</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>pr&ymac;te</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>pr&ymac;&edh;i</ets> honor, ornament, <ets>pr<?/<?/a</ets> to adorn, Dan. <ets>pryde</ets>, Sw. <ets>pryda</ets>; cf. W. <ets>prydus</ets> comely. See <er>Proud</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being proud; inordinate self-esteem; an unreasonable conceit of one's own superiority in talents, beauty, wealth, rank, etc., which manifests itself in lofty airs, distance, reserve, and often in contempt of others.</def>

<blockquote>Those that walk in <b>pride</b> he is able to abase.
<i>Dan. iv. 37.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Pride</b> that dines on vanity sups on contempt.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sense of one's own worth, and abhorrence of what is beneath or unworthy of one; lofty self-respect; noble self-esteem; elevation of character; dignified bearing; proud delight; -- in a good sense.</def>

<blockquote>Thus to relieve the wretched was his <b>pride</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A people which takes no <b>pride</b> in the noble achievements of remote ancestors will never achieve anything worthy to be remembered with <b>pride</b> by remote descendants.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Proud or disdainful behavior or treatment; insolence or arrogance of demeanor; haughty bearing and conduct; insolent exultation; disdain.</def>

<blockquote>Let not the foot of <b>pride</b> come against me.
<i>Ps. xxxvi. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That hardly we escaped the <b>pride</b> of France.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That of which one is proud; that which excites boasting or self-gratulation; the occasion or ground of self-esteem, or of arrogant and presumptuous confidence, as beauty, ornament, noble character, children, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Lofty trees yclad with summer's <b>pride</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will cut off the <b>pride</b> of the Philistines.
<i>Zech. ix. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A bold peasantry, their country's <b>pride</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Show; ostentation; glory.</def>

<blockquote><b>Pride</b>, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Highest pitch; elevation reached; loftiness; prime; glory; <as>as, to be in the <ex>pride</ex> of one's life</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A falcon, towering in her <b>pride</b> of place.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Consciousness of power; fullness of animal spirits; mettle; wantonness; hence, lust; sexual desire; esp., an excitement of sexual appetite in a female beast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><mcol><col>Pride of India</col>, &or; <col>Pride of China</col></mcol>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Margosa</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pride of the desert</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the camel.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Self-exaltation; conceit; hauteur; haughtiness; lordliness; loftiness.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Pride</er>, <er>Vanity</er>. <i>Pride</i> is a high or an excessive esteem of one's self for some real or imagined superiority, as rank, wealth, talents, character, etc. <i>Vanity</i> is the love of being admired, praised, exalted, etc., by others. <i>Vanity</i> is an ostentation of <i>pride</i>; but one may have great <i>pride</i> without displaying it. <i>Vanity</i>, which is etymologically "emptiness," is applied especially to the exhibition of pride in superficialities, as beauty, dress, wealth, etc.</usage>

<h1>Pride</h1>
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<hw>Pride</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prided</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Priding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To indulge in pride, or self-esteem; to rate highly; to plume; -- used reflexively.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<blockquote>Pluming and <b>priding</b> himself in all his services.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pride</h1>
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<hw>Pride</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be proud; to glory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Prideful</h1>
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<hw>Pride"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of pride; haughty.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pride"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pride"ful-ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Prideless</h1>
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<hw>Pride"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without pride.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pridian</h1>
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<hw>Prid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pridianus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the day before, or yesterday.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Pridingly</h1>
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<hw>Prid"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Proudly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Prie</h1>
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<hw>Prie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The plant privet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Prie</h1>
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<hw>Prie</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To pry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pried</h1>
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<hw>Pried</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Pry</er>.</def>

<h1>Priedieu</h1>
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<hw>Prie`dieu"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., literally, pray God.]</ety> <def>A kneeling desk for prayers.</def>

<h1>Prief</h1>
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<hw>Prief</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Proof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser. Lydgate.</i>

<h1>Prier</h1>
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<hw>Pri"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pry</er>.]</ety> <def>One who pries; one who inquires narrowly and searches, or is inquisitive.</def>

<blockquote>So pragmatical a <b>prier</b> he is into divine secrets.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Priest</h1>
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<hw>Priest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>prest</ets>, <ets>preost</ets>, AS. <ets>pre\'a2st</ets>, fr. L. <ets>presbyter</ets>, Gr. <?/ elder, older, n., an elder, compar. of <?/ an old man, the first syllable of which is probably akin to L. <ets>pristinus</ets>. Cf. <er>Pristine</er>, <er>Presbyter</er>.]</ety>

<hr>
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Page 1137<p>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Christian Church)</fld> <def>A presbyter elder; a minister</def>; specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.)</fld> <def>One who is authorized to consecrate the host and to say Mass; but especially, one of the lowest order possessing this power</def>. <i>Murdock</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Ch. of Eng. &  Prot. Epis. Ch.)</fld> <def>A presbyter; one who belongs to the intermediate order between bishop and deacon. He is authorized to perform all ministerial services except those of ordination and confirmation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who officiates at the altar, or performs the rites of sacrifice; one who acts as a mediator between men and the divinity or the gods in any form of religion; <as>as, Buddhist <ex>priests</ex></as>.</def> "The <i>priests</i> of Dagon."

<i>1 Sam. v. 5.</i>

<blockquote>Then the <b>priest</b> of Jupiter . . . brought oxen and garlands . . . and would have done sacrifice with the people.
<i>Acts xiv. 13.</i>

<blockquote>Every <b>priest</b> taken from among men is ordained for men in things pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins.
<i>Heb. v. 1.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In the New Testament presbyters are not called <i>priests</i>; but Christ is designated as a <i>priest</i>, and as a high <i>priest</i>, and all Christians are designated <i>priests</i>.</note>

<h1>Priest</h1>
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<hw>Priest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To ordain as priest.</def>

<h1>Priestcap</h1>
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<hw>Priest"cap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A form of redan, so named from its shape; -- called also <altname>swallowtail</altname>.</def>

<h1>Priestcraft</h1>
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<hw>Priest"craft`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Priestly policy; the policy of a priesthood; esp., in an ill sense, fraud or imposition in religious concerns; management by priests to gain wealth and power by working upon the religious motives or credulity of others.</def>

<blockquote>It is better that men should be governed by <b>priestcraft</b> than by violence.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Priestery</h1>
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<hw>Priest"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Priests, collectively; the priesthood; -- so called in contempt.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Priestess</h1>
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<hw>Priest"ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who officiated in sacred rites among pagans.</def>

<i>Abp. Potter.</i>

<h1>Priesthood</h1>
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<hw>Priest"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The office or character of a priest; the priestly function.</def>

<i>Bk. of Com. Prayer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Priests, taken collectively; the order of men set apart for sacred offices; the order of priests.</def>

<h1>Priesting</h1>
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<hw>Priest"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a priest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Priestism</h1>
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<hw>Priest"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The influence, doctrines, principles, etc., of priests or the priesthood.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Priestless</h1>
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<hw>Priest"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a priest.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Priestlike</h1>
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<hw>Priest"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Priestly.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Priestliness</h1>
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<hw>Priest"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being priestly.</def>

<i>R. Browning.</i>

<h1>Priestly</h1>
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<hw>Priest"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a priest or the priesthood; sacerdotal; befitting or becoming a priest; <as>as, the <ex>priestly</ex> office; a <ex>priestly</ex> farewell.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Priest-ridden</h1>
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<hw>Priest"-rid`den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Controlled or oppressed by priests; <as>as, a <ex>priest-ridden</ex> people</as>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Prieve</h1>
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<hw>Prieve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To prove.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Prig</h1>
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<hw>Prig</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prigged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prigging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[A modification of <ets>prick</ets>.]</ety> <def>To haggle about the price of a commodity; to bargain hard.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Prig</h1>
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<hw>Prig</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cheapen.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Perhaps orig., to ride off with. See <er>Prick</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To filch or steal; <as>as, to <ex>prig</ex> a handkerchief</as>.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<h1>Prig</h1>
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<hw>Prig</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pert, conceited, pragmatical fellow.</def>

<blockquote>The queer <b>prig</b> of a doctor.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A thief; a filcher.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Priggery</h1>
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<hw>Prig"ger*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Priggism.</def>

<h1>Priggish</h1>
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<hw>Prig"gish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a prig; conceited; pragmatical.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Prig"gish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt>  -- <wf>Prig"gish-ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Priggism</h1>
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<hw>Prig"gism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being priggish; the manners of a prig.</def>

<i>Ed. Rev.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Roguery; thievery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fielding.</i>

<h1>Prighte</h1>
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<hw>Prigh"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Prick</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Prill</h1>
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<hw>Prill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Brill</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The brill.</def>

<h1>Prill</h1>
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<hw>Prill</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To flow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Stow.</i>

<h1>Prill</h1>
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<hw>Prill</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stream.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Davies (Microcosmos).</i>

<h1>Prill</h1>
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<hw>Prill</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A nugget of virgin metal.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Ore selected for excellence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The button of metal from an assay.</def>

<h1>Prillion</h1>
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<hw>Pril"lion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Tin extracted from the slag.</def>

<h1>Prim</h1>
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<hw>Prim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Privet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot)</fld> <def>The privet.</def>

<h1>Prim</h1>
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<hw>Prim</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>prim</ets>, <ets>prin</ets>, prime, first, principal. sharp, thin, piercing, fr. L. <ets>primus</ets> first. See <er>Prime</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>Formal; precise; affectedly neat or nice; <as>as, <ex>prim</ex> regularity; a <ex>prim</ex> person.</as></def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Prim</h1>
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<hw>Prim</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Primmed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Primming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To deck with great nicety; to arrange with affected preciseness; to prink.</def>

<h1>Prim</h1>
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<hw>Prim</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To dress or act smartly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Primacy</h1>
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<hw>Pri"ma*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>primatia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>primas</ets>, <ets>-atis</ets>, one of the first or principal, chief, fr. <ets>primus</ets> first: cf. F. <ets>primatie</ets>. See <er>Prime</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or condition of being prime or first, as in time, place, rank, etc., hence, excellency; supremacy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The office, rank, or character of a primate; the chief ecclesiastical station or dignity in a national church; the office or dignity of an archbishop; <as>as, the <ex>primacy</ex> of England</as>.</def>

<h1>Prima donna</h1>
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<hw>Pri"ma don"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Prima donnas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, It. <plw>Prime</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <plw>Donne</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It., fr. <ets>primo</ets>, <ets>prima</ets>, the first + <ets>donna</ets> lady, mistress. See <er>Prime</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Donna</er>.]</ety> <def>The first or chief female singer in an opera.</def>

<h1>Prima facie</h1>
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<hw>Pri"ma fa"ci*e</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., from abl. of <ets>primus</ets> first + abl. of <ets>facies</ets> appearance.]</ety> <def>At first view; on the first appearance.</def>

<cs><col>Prima facie evidence</col><cd> (of a fact) <fld>(Law)</fld>, evidence which is sufficient to establish the fact unless rebutted.</cd></cs>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Primage</h1>
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<hw>Pri"mage</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A charge in addition to the freight; originally, a gratuity to the captain for his particular care of the goods (sometimes called <altname>hat money</altname>), but now belonging to the owners or freighters of the vessel, unless by special agreement the whole or part is assigned to the captain.</def>

<i>Homans.</i>

<h1>Primal</h1>
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<hw>Pri"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>primalis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>primus</ets> the first. See <er>Prime</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>First; primary; original; chief.</def>

<blockquote>It hath the <b>primal</b> eldest curse upon it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>primal</b> duties shine aloft like stars.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Primality</h1>
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<hw>Pri*mal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being primal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Primarily</h1>
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<hw>Pri"ma*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a primary manner; in the first place; in the first place; in the first intention; originally.</def>

<h1>Primariness</h1>
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<hw>Pri"ma*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being primary, or first in time, in act, or in intention.</def>

<i>Norris.</i>

<h1>Primary</h1>
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<hw>Pri"ma*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>primarius</ets>, fr. <ets>primus</ets> first: cf. F. <ets>primaire</ets>. See <er>Prime</er>, <tt>a.<tt>, and cf. <er>Premier</er>, <er>Primero</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>First in order of time or development or in intention; primitive; fundamental; original.</def>

<blockquote>The church of Christ, in its <b>primary</b> institution.
<i>Bp. Pearson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These I call original, or <b>primary</b>, qualities of body.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>First in order, as being preparatory to something higher; <as>as, <ex>primary</ex> assemblies; <ex>primary</ex> schools.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>First in dignity or importance; chief; principal; <as>as, <ex>primary</ex> planets</as>; a matter of <i>primary</i> importance.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Earliest formed; fundamental.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Illustrating, possessing, or characterized by, some quality or property in the first degree; having undergone the first stage of substitution or replacement.</def>

<cs><col>Primary alcohol</col> <fld>(Organic Chem.)</fld>, <cd>any alcohol which possess the group <chform>CH2.OH</chform>, and can be oxidized so as to form a corresponding aldehyde and acid having the same number of carbon atoms; -- distinguished from <contr>secondary &and; tertiary alcohols</contr>.</cd> -- <col>Primary amine</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an amine containing the amido group, or a derivative of ammonia in which only one atom of hydrogen has been replaced by a basic radical; -- distinguished from <contr>secondary &and; tertiary amines</contr>.</cd> -- <col>Primary amputation</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>an amputation for injury performed as soon as the shock due to the injury has passed away, and before symptoms of inflammation supervene.</cd> -- <col>Primary axis</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the main stalk which bears a whole cluster of flowers.</cd> -- <col>Primary colors</col>. <cd>See under <er>Color</er>.</cd> -- <col>Primary meeting</col>, <cd>a meeting of citizens at which the first steps are taken towards the nomination of candidates, etc. See <er>Caucus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Primary pinna</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>one of those portions of a compound leaf or frond which branch off directly from the main rhachis or stem, whether simple or compounded.</cd> -- <col>Primary planets</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See the Note under <er>Planet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Primary qualities of bodies</col>, <cd>such are essential to and inseparable from them.</cd> -- <col>Primary quills</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the largest feathers of the wing of a bird; primaries.</cd> -- <col>Primary rocks</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a term early used for rocks supposed to have been first formed, being crystalline and containing no organic remains, as granite, gneiss, etc.; -- called also <altname>primitive rocks</altname>. The terms <i>Secondary<i>, <i>Tertiary<i>, and <i>Quaternary rocks<i> have also been used in like manner, but of these the last two only are now in use.</cd> -- <col>Primary salt</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a salt derived from a polybasic acid in which only one acid hydrogen atom has been replaced by a base or basic radical.</cd> -- <col>Primary syphilis</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the initial stage of syphilis, including the period from the development of the original lesion or chancre to the first manifestation of symptoms indicative of general constitutional infection.</cd> -- <col>Primary union</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>union without suppuration; union by the first intention.</cd></cs>

<h1>Primary</h1>
<Xpage=1137>

<hw>Pri"ma*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Primaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which stands first in order, rank, or importance; a chief matter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A primary meeting; a caucus.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the large feathers on the distal joint of a bird's wing. See <er>Plumage</er>, and <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Bird</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A primary planet; the brighter component of a double star. See under <er>Planet</er>.</def>

<h1>Primate</h1>
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<hw>Pri"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>primat</ets>, F. <ets>primat</ets>, L. <ets>primas</ets>, <ets>-atis</ets> one of the first, chief, fr. <ets>primus</ets> the first. See <er>Prime</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The chief ecclesiastic in a national church; one who presides over other bishops in a province; an archbishop.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Primates.</def>

<h1>Primates</h1>
<Xpage=1137>

<hw>Pri*ma"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The highest order of mammals. It includes man, together with the apes and monkeys. Cf. <er>Pitheci</er>.</def>

<h1>Primateship</h1>
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<hw>Pri"mate*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office, dignity, or position of a primate; primacy.</def>

<h1>Primatial</h1>
<Xpage=1137>

<hw>Pri*ma"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>primatial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Primatical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>D'Anville (Trans. ).</i>

<h1>Primatical</h1>
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<hw>Pri*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a primate.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Prime</h1>
<Xpage=1137>

<hw>Prime</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>primus</ets> first, a superl. corresponding to the compar. <ets>prior</ets> former. See <er>Prior</er>, <tt>a.<tt>, <er>Foremost</er>, <er>Former</er>, and cf. <er>Prim</er>, <tt>a.<tt>, <er>Primary</er>, <er>Prince</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>First in order of time; original; primeval; primitive; primary.</def> "<i>Prime</i> forests."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>She was not the <b>prime</b> cause, but I myself.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In this sense the word is nearly superseded by <i>primitive</i>, except in the phrase <i>prime cost</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>First in rank, degree, dignity, authority, or importance; <as>as, <ex>prime</ex> minister</as>.</def> "<i>Prime</i> virtues."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>First in excellence; of highest quality; <as>as, <ex>prime</ex> wheat; a <ex>prime</ex> quality of cloth.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Early; blooming; being in the first stage.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>His starry helm, unbuckled, showed him <b>prime</b>
In manhood where youth ended.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Lecherous; lustful; lewd.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Marked or distinguished by a mark (\'b7) called a <i>prime mark</i>.</def><-- same mark used for weak accent, and minutes of a degree -->

<cs><col>Prime and ultimate ratio</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Ultimate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Prime conductor</col>. <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Conductor</er>.</cd> -- <col>Prime factor</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>a factor which is a prime number.</cd> -- <col>Prime figure</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a figure which can not be divided into any other figure more simple than itself, as a triangle, a pyramid, etc.</cd> -- <col>Prime meridian</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the meridian from which longitude is reckoned, as the meridian of Greenwich or Washington.</cd> -- <col>Prime minister</col>, <cd>the responsible head of a ministry or executive government; applied particularly to that of England.</cd> -- <col>Prime mover</col>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A natural agency applied by man to the production of power. Especially: Muscular force; the weight and motion of fluids, as water and air; heat obtained by chemical combination, and applied to produce changes in the volume and pressure of steam, air, or other fluids; and electricity, obtained by chemical action, and applied to produce alternation of magnetic force.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An engine, or machine, the object of which is to receive and modify force and motion as supplied by some natural source, and apply them to drive other machines; as a water wheel, a water-pressure engine, a steam engine, a hot-air engine, etc.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> Fig.: <cd>The original or the most effective force in any undertaking or work; <as>as, Clarkson was the <ex>prime<ex> mover in English antislavery agitation</as>.</cd> -- <col>Prime number</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>a number which is exactly divisible by no number except itself or unity, as 5, 7, 11.</cd> -- <col>Prime vertical</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the vertical circle which passes through the east and west points of the horizon.</cd> -- <col>Prime-vertical dial</col>, <cd>a dial in which the shadow is projected on the plane of the prime vertical.</cd> -- <col>Prime-vertical transit instrument</col>, <cd>a transit instrument the telescope of which revolves in the plane of the prime vertical, -- used for observing the transit of stars over this circle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prime</h1>
<Xpage=1137>

<hw>Prime</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The first part; the earliest stage; the beginning or opening, as of the day, the year, etc.; hence, the dawn; the spring.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>In the very <b>prime</b> of the world.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hope waits upon the flowery <b>prime</b>.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The spring of life; youth; hence, full health, strength, or beauty; perfection.</def> "Cut off in their <i>prime</i>." <i>Eustace</i>. "The <i>prime</i> of youth."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is first in quantity; the most excellent portion; the best part.</def>

<blockquote>Give him always of the <b>prime</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>prime</ets>, LL. <ets>prima</ets> (sc. <ets>hora</ets>). See <er>Prime</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The morning; specifically <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, the first canonical hour, succeeding to lauds.</def>

<blockquote>Early and late it rung, at evening and at <b>prime</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Originally, <i>prime</i> denoted the first quarter of the artificial day, reckoned from 6 <sc>a. m.</sc> to 6 <sc>p. m.</sc>  Afterwards, it denoted the end of the first quarter, that is, 9 <sc>a. a.</sc> Specifically, it denoted the first canonical hour, as now. Chaucer uses it in all these senses, and also in the sense of def. 1, above.</note>

<blockquote>They sleep till that it was <b>pryme</b> large.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Fencing)</fld> <def>The first of the chief guards.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any number expressing the combining weight or equivalent of any particular element; -- so called because these numbers were respectively reduced to their lowest relative terms on the fixed standard of hydrogen as 1.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>A prime number. See under <er>Prime</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>An inch, as composed of twelve seconds in the duodecimal system; -- denoted by [\'b7]. See 2d <er>Inch</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</def>

<cs><col>Prime of the moon</col>, <cd>the new moon at its first appearance.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prime</h1>
<Xpage=1137>

<hw>Prime</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Primed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Priming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Prime</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To apply priming to, as a musket or a cannon; to apply a primer to, as a metallic cartridge.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lay the first color, coating, or preparation upon (a surface), as in painting; <as>as, to <ex>prime</ex> a canvas, a wall</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To prepare; to make ready; to instruct beforehand; to post; to coach; <as>as, to <ex>prime</ex> a witness; the boys are <ex>primed</ex> for mischief.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To trim or prune, as trees.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To mark with a prime mark.</def>

<cs><col>To prime a pump</col>, <cd>to charge a pump with water, in order to put it in working condition.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prime</h1>
<Xpage=1137>

<hw>Prime</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be renewed, or as at first.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Night's bashful empress, though she often wane,
As oft repeats her darkness, <b>primes</b> again.
<i>Quarles</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To serve as priming for the charge of a gun.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To work so that foaming occurs from too violent ebullition, which causes water to become mixed with, and be carried along with, the steam that is formed; -- said of a steam boiler.</def>

<h1>Primely</h1>
<Xpage=1137>

<hw>Prime"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At first; primarily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a prime manner; excellently.</def>

<h1>Primeness</h1>
<Xpage=1137>

<hw>Prime"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being first.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality or state of being prime, or excellent.</def>

<h1>Primer</h1>
<Xpage=1137>

<hw>Prim"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, primes; specifically, an instrument or device for priming; esp., a cap, tube, or water containing percussion powder or other capable for igniting a charge of gunpowder.</def>

<h1>Primer</h1>
<Xpage=1137>

<hw>Prim"er</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>primer</ets>, <ets>primier</ets>, <ets>premier</ets>, F. <ets>premier</ets>. See <er>Premier</er>.]</ety> <def>First; original; primary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>primer</i> English kings."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<cs><col>Primer fine</col> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a fine due to the king on the writ or commencement of a suit by fine. <i>Blackstone</i>.</cd> -- <col>Primer seizin</col> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld>, <cd>the right of the king, when a tenant <i>in capite<i> died seized of a knight's fee, to receive of the heir, if of full age, one year's profits of the land if in possession, and half a year's profits if the land was in reversion expectant on an estate for life; -- now abolished.</cd></cs>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Primer</h1>
<Xpage=1137>

<hw>Prim"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Originally, the book read at <ets>prime</ets>, the first canonical hour. LL. <ets>primae liber</ets>. See <er>Prime</er>, <tt>n.<tt>, 4.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, a small prayer book for church service, containing the little office of the Virgin Mary; also, a work of elementary religious instruction.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>primer</b>, or office of the Blessed Virgin.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small elementary book for teaching children to read; a reading or spelling book for a beginner.</def>

<blockquote>As he sat in the school at his <b>prymer</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A kind of type, of which there are two species; one, called <stype>long primer</stype>, intermediate in size between bourgeois and small pica [see <er>Long primer</er>]; the other, called <stype>great primer</stype>, larger than pica.</def>

<note><centered><point18><greatprimertype>Great primer type.</greatprimertype></point18></centered></note>

<h1>Primero</h1>
<Xpage=1137>

<hw>Pri*me"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>primera</ets>, fr. <ets>primero</ets> first, from L. <ets>primarius</ets>. See <er>Premier</er>.]</ety> <def>A game at cards, now unknown.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Primerole</h1>
<Xpage=1137>

<hw>Prim"er*ole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Primrose</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "She was a <i>primerole</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Primeval</h1>
<Xpage=1137>

<hw>Pri*me"val</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>primaevus</ets>; <ets>primus</ets> first + <ets>aevum</ets> age. See <er>Prime</er>, <tt>a.<tt>, <ets>and</ets> <er>Age</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to the first ages; pristine; original; primitive; primary; <as>as, the <ex>primeval</ex> innocence of man</as>.</def> "This is the forest <i>primeval</i>."

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<blockquote>From chaos, and <b>primeval</b> darkness, came Light.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Primevally</h1>
<Xpage=1137>

<hw>Pri*me"val*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a primeval manner; in or from the earliest times; originally.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Primevous</h1>
<Xpage=1137>

<hw>Pri*me"vous</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Primeval.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="1138">
Page 1138<p>

<h1>Primigenial</h1>
<Xpage=1138>

<hw>Pri`mi*ge"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>First born, or first of all; original; primary. See <er>Primogenial</er>.</def>

<h1>Primigenious, Primigenous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pri`mi*ge"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pri*mig"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>primigenus</ets>, <ets>primigenius</ets>. See <er>Primogeniture</er>.]</ety> <def>First formed or generated; original; primigenial.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Primine</h1>
<Xpage=1138>

<hw>Pri"mine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>primus</ets> first: cf. F. <ets>primine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The outermost of the two integuments of an ovule.</def>

<note>&hand; This word has been used by some writers to denote the inner integument, which is formed earlier than the outer. Cf. <er>Secundine</er>.</note>

<h1>Priming</h1>
<Xpage=1138>

<hw>Prim"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The powder or other combustible used to communicate fire to a charge of gunpowder, as in a firearm.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>The first coating of color, size, or the like, laid on canvas, or on a building, or other surface.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Steam Eng.)</fld> <def>The carrying over of water, with the steam, from the boiler, as into the cylinder.</def>

<cs><col>Priming of the tide</col>. <cd>See <cref>Lag of the tide</cref>, under 2d <er>Lag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Priming tube</col>, <cd>a small pipe, filled with a combustible composition for firing cannon.</cd> -- <col>Priming valve</col> <fld>(Steam Eng.)</fld>, <cd>a spring safety valve applied to the cylinder of a steam engine for discharging water carried into the cylinder by priming.</cd> -- <col>Priming wire</col>, <cd>a pointed wire used to penetrate the vent of a piece, for piercing the cartridge before priming.</cd></cs>

<h1>Primipara</h1>
<Xpage=1138>

<hw>Pri*mip"a*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>primus</ets> first + <ets>parere</ets> to bring forth.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A woman who bears a child for the first time.</def>

<h1>Primiparous</h1>
<Xpage=1138>

<hw>Pri*mip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Primipara</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a first birth; bearing young for the first time.</def>

<h1>Primipilar</h1>
<Xpage=1138>

<hw>Pri*mip"i*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>primipilaris</ets>, fr. <ets>primipilus</ets> the centurion of the first cohort of a Roman legion, fr. <ets>primus pilus</ets> the division made up of the triarii in the Roman army.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the captain of the vanguard of a Roman army.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Primitia</h1>
<Xpage=1138>

<hw>Pri*mi"ti*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Primiti\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>(<plw>Primitias</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></tt>, <i>obs</i>.</plu>). <ety>[L. <ets>primitiae</ets>, pl., fr. <ets>primus</ets> first. Cf. <er>Premices</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The first fruit; the first year's whole profit of an ecclesiastical preferment.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>primitias</b> of your parsonage.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Primitial</h1>
<Xpage=1138>

<hw>Pri*mi"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being of the first production; primitive; original.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Primitive</h1>
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<hw>Prim"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>primitivus</ets>, fr. <ets>primus</ets> the first: cf. F. <ets>primitif</ets>. See <er>Prime</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the beginning or origin, or to early times; original; primordial; primeval; first; <as>as, <ex>primitive</ex> innocence; the <ex>primitive</ex> church.</as></def> "Our <i>primitive</i> great sire."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a former time; old-fashioned; characterized by simplicity; <as>as, a <ex>primitive</ex> style of dress</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Original; primary; radical; not derived; <as>as, <ex>primitive</ex> verb in grammar</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Primitive axes of co\'94rdinate</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>that system of axes to which the points of a magnitude are first referred, with reference to a second set or system, to which they are afterward referred.</cd> -- <col>Primitive chord</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>that chord, the lowest note of which is of the same literal denomination as the fundamental base of the harmony; -- opposed to <i>derivative<i>. <i>Moore (Encyc. of Music)</i>.</cd> -- <col>Primitive circle</col> <fld>(Spherical Projection)</fld>, <cd>the circle cut from the sphere to be projected, by the primitive plane.</cd> -- <col>Primitive colors</col> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>, <cd>primary colors. See under <er>Color</er>.</cd> -- <col>Primitive Fathers</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>the acknowledged Christian writers who flourished before the Council of Nice, <sc>A. D.</sc> 325. <i>Shipley</i>.</cd> -- <col>Primitive groove</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a depression or groove in the epiblast of the primitive streak. It is not connected with the medullary groove, which appears later and in front of it.</cd> -- <col>Primitive plane</col> <fld>(Spherical Projection)</fld>, <cd>the plane upon which the projections are made, generally coinciding with some principal circle of the sphere, as the equator or a meridian.</cd> -- <col>Primitive rocks</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>primary rocks. See under <er>Primary</er>.</cd> -- <col>Primitive sheath</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Neurilemma</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Primitive streak</col> &or; <col>trace</col></mcol> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>an opaque and thickened band where the mesoblast first appears in the vertebrate blastoderm.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- First; original; radical; pristine; ancient; primeval; antiquated; old-fashioned.</syn>

<h1>Primitive</h1>
<Xpage=1138>

<hw>Prim"i*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An original or primary word; a word not derived from another; -- opposed to <i>derivative</i>.</def>

<h1>Primitively</h1>
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<hw>Prim"i*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally; at first.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Primarily; not derivatively.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>According to the original rule or ancient practice; in the ancient style.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Primitiveness</h1>
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<hw>Prim"i*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being primitive; conformity to primitive style or practice.</def>

<h1>Primity</h1>
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<hw>Prim"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being first; primitiveness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Primly</h1>
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<hw>Prim"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a prim or precise manner.</def>

<h1>Primness</h1>
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<hw>Prim"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being prim; affected formality or niceness; preciseness; stiffness.</def>

<h1>Primo</h1>
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<hw>Pri"mo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>First; chief.</def>

<h1>Primogenial</h1>
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<hw>Pri`mo*ge"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Primigenial</er>.]</ety> <def>First born, made, or generated; original; primary; elemental; <as>as, <ex>primogenial</ex> light</as>.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Primogenitive</h1>
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<hw>Pri`mo*gen"i*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Primogeniture</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to primogeniture.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Primogenitive</h1>
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<hw>Pri`mo*gen"i*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Primogeniture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>primogenitive</b> and due of birth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Primogenitor</h1>
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<hw>Pri`mo*gen"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., fr. L. <ets>primus</ets> first + <ets>genitor</ets> a begetter.]</ety> <def>The first ancestor; a forefather.</def>

<h1>Primogeniture</h1>
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<hw>Pri`mo*gen"i*ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., fr. L. <ets>primus</ets> first + <ets>genitura</ets> a begetting, birth, generation, fr. <ets>genere</ets>, <ets>gignere</ets>, to beget: cf. F. <ets>primog\'82niture</ets>, L. <ets>primogenitus</ets> firstborn. See <er>Prime</er>, <tt>a.<tt>, and <er>Genus</er>, <er>Kin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being the firstborn of the same parents; seniority by birth among children of the same family.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The exclusive right of inheritance which belongs to the eldest son. Thus in England the right of inheriting the estate of the father belongs to the eldest son, and in the royal family the eldest son of the sovereign is entitled to the throne by <i>primogeniture</i>. In exceptional cases, among the female children, the crown descends by right of <i>primogeniture</i> to the eldest daughter only and her issue.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Primogenitureship</h1>
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<hw>Pri`mo*gen"i*ture*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or privileges of the firstborn.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Primordial</h1>
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<hw>Pri*mor"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>primordialis</ets>, from <ets>primordium</ets> the first beginning; <ets>primus</ets> first + <ets>ordiri</ets> to begin a web, to begin: cf. F. <ets>primordial</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>First in order; primary; original; of earliest origin; <as>as, <ex>primordial</ex> condition</as>.</def> "The <i>primordial</i> facts of our intelligent nature."

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the lowest beds of the Silurian age, corresponding to the Acadian and Potsdam periods in American geology. It is called also <altname>Cambrian</altname>, and by many geologists is separated from the Silurian.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Originally or earliest formed in the growth of an individual or organ; <as>as, a <ex>primordial</ex> leaf; a <ex>primordial</ex> cell.</as></def>

<cs><col>Primordial utricle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the interior lining of a young vegetable cell.</cd></cs>

<h1>Primordial</h1>
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<hw>Pri*mor"di*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A first principle or element.</def>

<h1>Primordialism</h1>
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<hw>Pri*mor"di*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Devotion to, or persistence in, conditions of the primordial state.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Primordially</h1>
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<hw>Pri*mor"di*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>At the beginning; under the first order of things; originally.</def>

<h1>Primordian</h1>
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<hw>Pri*mor"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>primordius</ets> first of all, fr. <ets>primordium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several kinds of plums; <as>as, red <ex>primordian</ex>, amber <ex>primordian</ex>, etc</as>.</def>

<h1>Primordiate</h1>
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<hw>Pri*mor"di*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Primordial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Primp</h1>
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<hw>Primp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Prim</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>To be formal or affected in dress or manners; -- often with <i>up</i>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Primrose</h1>
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<hw>Prim"rose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>primerole</ets>, F. <ets>primerole</ets>, a derivative fr. LL. <ets>primula</ets>, from L. <ets>primus</ets> first. See <er>Prime</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An early flowering plant of the genus <spn>Primula</spn> (<spn>P. vulgaris</spn>) closely allied to the cowslip. There are several varieties, as the white-, the red-, the yellow-flowered, etc. Formerly called also <altname>primerole</altname>, <altname>primerolles</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any plant of the genus Primula.</def>

<cs><col>Evening primrose</col>, <cd>an erect biennial herb (<spn>Enothera biennis</spn>), with yellow vespertine flowers, common in the United States. The name is sometimes extended to other species of the same genus.</cd> -- <col>Primrose peerless</col>, <cd>the two-flowered Narcissus (<spn>N. biflorus</spn>). <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Primrose</h1>
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<hw>Prim"rose`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the primrose; of the color of a primrose; -- hence, flowery; gay.</def> "The <i>primrose</i> path of dalliance."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Primula</h1>
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<hw>Prim"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. See <er>Primrose</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The genus of plants including the primrose (<spn>Primula vera</spn>).</def>

<h1>Primulaceous</h1>
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<hw>Prim`u*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an order of herbaceous plants (<spn>Primulace\'91</spn>), of which the primrose is the type, and the pimpernel, the cyclamen, and the water violet are other examples.</def>

<h1>Primum mobile</h1>
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<hw>Pri"mum mob"i*le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., first cause of motion.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>In the Ptolemaic system, the outermost of the revolving concentric spheres constituting the universe, the motion of which was supposed to carry with it all the inclosed spheres with their planets in a daily revolution from east to west. See <cref>Crystalline heavens</cref>, under <er>Crystalline</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The motions of the greatest persons in a government ought to be, as the motions of the planets, under <b>primum mobile</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Primus</h1>
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<hw>Pri"mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the first.]</ety> <def>One of the bishops of the Episcopal Church of Scotland, who presides at the meetings of the bishops, and has certain privileges but no metropolitan authority.</def>

<i>Internat. Cyc.</i>

<h1>Primy</h1>
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<hw>Prim"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Prime</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>Being in its prime.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The youth of <i>primy</i> nature."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Prince</h1>
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<hw>Prince</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from L. <ets>princeps</ets>, <ets>-cipis</ets>, the first, chief; <ets>primus</ets> first + <ets>capere</ets> to take. See <er>Prime</er>, <tt>a.<tt>, and <er>Capacious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The one of highest rank; one holding the highest place and authority; a sovereign; a monarch; -- originally applied to either sex, but now rarely applied to a female.</def>

<i>Wyclif (Rev. i. 5).</i>

<blockquote>Go, Michael, of celestial armies <b>prince</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Queen Elizabeth, a <b>prince</b> admirable above her sex.
<i>Camden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The son of a king or emperor, or the issue of a royal family; <as>as, <ex>princes</ex> of the blood</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A title belonging to persons of high rank, differing in different countries. In England it belongs to dukes, marquises, and earls, but is given to members of the royal family only. In Italy a prince is inferior to a duke as a member of a particular order of nobility; in Spain he is always one of the royal family.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The chief of any body of men; one at the head of a class or profession; one who is pre\'89minent; <as>as, a merchant <ex>prince</ex>; a <ex>prince</ex> of players.</as></def> "The <i>prince</i> of learning."

<i>Peacham.</i>

<cs><col>Prince-Albert coat</col>, <cd>a long double-breasted frock coat for men.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Prince of the blood</col>, <col>Prince consort</col>, <col>Prince of darkness</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Blood</er>, <er>Consort</er>, and <er>Darkness</er>.</cd> -- <col>Prince of Wales</col>, <cd>the oldest son of the English sovereign.</cd> -- <col>Prince's feather</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to two annual herbs (<spn>Amarantus caudatus</spn> and <spn>Polygonum orientale</spn>), with apetalous reddish flowers arranged in long recurved panicled spikes.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Prince's metal</col>, <col>Prince Rupert's metal</col></mcol>. See under <er>Metal</er>. <col>Prince's pine</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Pipsissewa</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prince</h1>
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<hw>Prince</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To play the prince.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Princedom</h1>
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<hw>Prince"dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The jurisdiction, sovereignty, rank, or estate of a prince.</def>

<blockquote>Thrones, <b>princedoms</b>, powers, dominions, I reduce.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Princehood</h1>
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<hw>Prince"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Princeliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<h1>Princekin</h1>
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<hw>Prince"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A petty prince; a princeling.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>princekins</b> of private life.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Princeless</h1>
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<hw>Prince"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without a prince.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Princelet</h1>
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<hw>Prince"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A petty prince.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Princelike</h1>
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<hw>Prince"like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Princely.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Princeliness</h1>
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<hw>Prince"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being princely; the state, manner, or dignity of a prince.</def>

<h1>Princeling</h1>
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<hw>Prince"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A petty prince; a young prince.</def>

<h1>Princely</h1>
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<hw>Prince"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or relating to a prince; regal; royal; of highest rank or authority; <as>as, <ex>princely</ex> birth, character, fortune, etc</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suitable for, or becoming to, a prince; grand; august; munificent; magnificent; <as>as, <ex>princely</ex> virtues; a <ex>princely</ex> fortune.</as></def>  "Most <i>princely</i> gifts."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Princely</h1>
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<hw>Prince"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a princely manner.</def>

<blockquote>My appetite was not <b>princely</b> got.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Princess</h1>
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<hw>Prin"cess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>princesse</ets>. See <er>Prince</er>, and cf. <er>Princesse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A female prince; a woman having sovereign power, or the rank of a prince.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>So excellent a <b>princess</b> as the present queen.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The daughter of a sovereign; a female member of a royal family.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The consort of a prince; <as>as, the <ex>princess</ex> of Wales</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Princess royal</col>, <cd>the eldest daughter of a sovereign.</cd></cs>

<h1>Princesse</h1>
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<hw>Prin*cesse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., a princess.]</ety> <def>A term applied to a lady's long, close-fitting dress made with waist and skirt in one.</def>

<h1>Princesslike</h1>
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<hw>Prin"cess*like`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a princess.</def>

<h1>Princewood</h1>
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<hw>Prince"wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The wood of two small tropical American trees (<spn>Hamelia ventricosa</spn>, and <i>Cordia gerascanthoides</i>). It is brownish, veined with lighter color.</def>

<h1>Princified</h1>
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<hw>Prin"ci*fied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Prince</ets> + L. <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.).]</ety> <def>Imitative of a prince.</def> <mark>[R. & Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Principal</h1>
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<hw>Prin"ci*pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., from L. <ets>principalis</ets>. See <er>Prince</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Highest in rank, authority, character, importance, or degree; most considerable or important; chief; main; <as>as, the <ex>principal</ex> officers of a Government; the <ex>principal</ex> men of a state; the <ex>principal</ex> productions of a country; the <ex>principal</ex> arguments in a case.</as></def>

<blockquote>Wisdom is the <b>principal</b> thing.
<i>Prov. iv. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a prince; princely.</def> <mark>[A Latinism]</mark> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<cs><col>Principal axis</col>. <cd>See <cref>Axis of a curve</cref>, under <er>Axis</er>.</cd> -- <col>Principal axes of a quadric</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>three lines in which the principal planes of the solid intersect two and two, as in an ellipsoid.</cd> -- <col>Principal challenge</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Challenge</er>.</cd> -- <col>Principal plane</col>. <cd>See <cref>Plane of projection</cref> <sd>(a)</sd>, under <er>Plane</er>.</cd> -- <col>Principal of a quadric</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>three planes each of which is at right angles to the other two, and bisects all chords of the quadric perpendicular to the plane, as in an ellipsoid.</cd> -- <col>Principal point</col> <fld>(Persp.)</fld>, <cd>the projection of the point of sight upon the plane of projection.</cd> -- <col>Principal ray</col> <fld>(Persp.)</fld>, <cd>the line drawn through the point of sight perpendicular to the perspective plane.</cd> -- <col>Principal section</col> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld>, <cd>a plane passing through the optical axis of a crystal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Principal</h1>
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<hw>Prin"ci*pal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A leader, chief, or head; one who takes the lead; one who acts independently, or who has controlling authority or influence; <as>as, the <ex>principal</ex> of a faction, a school, a firm, etc</as>.; -- distinguished from a <i>subordinate</i>, <i>abettor</i>, <i>auxiliary</i>, or <i>assistant</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> Hence: <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The chief actor in a crime, or an abettor who is present at it, -- as distinguished from an <i>accessory</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A chief obligor, promisor, or debtor, -- as distinguished from a <i>surety</i>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>One who employs another to act for him, -- as distinguished from an <i>agent</i>.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i> <i>Bouvier.</i> <i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A thing of chief or prime importance; something fundamental or especially conspicuous.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A capital sum of money, placed out at interest, due as a debt or used as a fund; -- so called in distinction from <i>interest</i> or <i>profit</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Arch. & Engin.)</fld> <def>The construction which gives shape and strength to a roof, -- generally a truss of timber or iron, but there are roofs with stone <i>principals</i>. Also, loosely, the most important member of a piece of framing.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In English organs the chief open metallic stop, an octave above the open diapason. On the manual it is four feet long, on the pedal eight feet. In Germany this term corresponds to the English open diapason.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A heirloom; a mortuary.</def> <i>Cowell</i>. <sd>(e)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The first two long feathers of a hawk's wing.</def> <i>Spenser.</i>   <i>J. H. Walsh</i>. <sd>(f)</sd> <def>One of turrets or pinnacles of waxwork and tapers with which the posts and center of a funeral hearse were formerly crowned.</def> <i>Oxf. Gloss.</i>  <sd>(g)</sd> <def>A principal or essential point or rule; a principle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Principality</h1>
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<hw>Prin`ci*pal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Principalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>principalitas</ets> pre\'89minence, excellence: cf. F. <ets>principalit\'82</ets>, <ets>principaut\'82</ets>. See <er>Principal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sovereignty; supreme power; hence, superiority; predominance; high, or the highest, station.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<blockquote>Your <b>principalities</b> shall come down, even the crown of your glory.
<i>Jer. xiii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The prerogative and <b>principality</b> above everything else.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A prince; one invested with sovereignty.</def> "Next upstood Nisroch, of <i>principalities</i> the prime."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The territory or jurisdiction of a prince; or the country which gives title to a prince; <as>as, the <ex>principality</ex> of Wales</as>.</def>

<h1>Principally</h1>
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<hw>Prin"ci*pal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a principal manner; primarily; above all; chiefly; mainly.</def>

<h1>Principalness</h1>
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<hw>Prin"ci*pal*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being principal.</def>

<h1>Principate</h1>
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<hw>Prin"ci*pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>principatus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>principat</ets>.]</ety> <def>Principality; supreme rule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Principia</h1>
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<hw>Prin*cip"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>principium</ets>. See <er>Principle</er>.]</ety> <def>First principles; fundamental beginnings; elements; as. Newton's <i>Principia</i>.</def>

<h1>Principial</h1>
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<hw>Prin*cip"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Elementary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Principiant</h1>
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<hw>Prin*cip"i*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>principians</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>principiare</ets> to begin, fr. <ets>principium</ets>. See <er>Principle</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to principles or beginnings.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Principiate</h1>
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<hw>Prin*cip"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Principiant</er>.]</ety> <def>To begin; to initiate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Principiation</h1>
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<hw>Prin*cip`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Analysis into primary or elemental parts.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Principle</h1>
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<hw>Prin"ci*ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>principe</ets>, L. <ets>principium</ets> beginning, foundation, fr. <ets>princeps</ets>, <ets>-cipis</ets>. See <er>Prince</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Beginning; commencement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Doubting sad end of <b>principle</b> unsound.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A source, or origin; that from which anything proceeds; fundamental substance or energy; primordial substance; ultimate element, or cause.</def>

<hr>
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<blockquote>The soul of man is an active <b>principle</b>.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An original faculty or endowment.</def>

<blockquote>Nature in your <b>principles</b> hath set [benignity].
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those active <b>principles</b> whose direct and ultimate object is the communication either of enjoyment or suffering.
<i>Stewart.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A fundamental truth; a comprehensive law or doctrine, from which others are derived, or on which others are founded; a general truth; an elementary proposition; a maxim; an axiom; a postulate.</def>

<blockquote>Therefore, leaving the <b>principles</b> of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection.
<i>Heb. vi. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A good <b>principle</b>, not rightly understood, may prove as hurtful as a bad.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A settled rule of action; a governing law of conduct; an opinion or belief which exercises a directing influence on the life and behavior; a rule (usually, a right rule) of conduct consistently directing one's actions; <as>as, a person of no <ex>principle</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>All kinds of dishonesty destroy our pretenses to an honest <b>principle</b> of mind.
<i>Law.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any original inherent constituent which characterizes a substance, or gives it its essential properties, and which can usually be separated by analysis; -- applied especially to drugs, plant extracts, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Cathartine is the bitter, purgative <b>principle</b> of senna.
<i>Gregory.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Bitter principle</col>, <col>Principle of contradiction</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Bitter</er>, <er>Contradiction</er>, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Principle</h1>
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<hw>Prin"ci*ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Principled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Principling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To equip with principles; to establish, or fix, in certain principles; to impress with any tenet, or rule of conduct, good or ill.</def>

<blockquote>Governors should be well <b>principled</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let an enthusiast be <b>principled</b> that he or his teacher is inspired.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Princock, Princox</h1>
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<hw><hw>Prin"cock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Prin"cox</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Prim</ets>  + <ets>cock</ets>.]</ety> <def>A coxcomb; a pert boy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Prink</h1>
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<hw>Prink</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prinked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prinking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Probably a nasalized form of <ets>prick</ets>. See <er>Prick</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Prig</er>, <er>Prank</er>.]</ety> <def>To dress or adjust one's self for show; to prank.</def>

<h1>Prink</h1>
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<hw>Prink</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To prank or dress up; to deck fantastically.</def> "And <i>prink</i> their hair with daisies."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Prinker</h1>
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<hw>Prink"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who prinks.</def>

<h1>Prinpriddle</h1>
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<hw>Prin"prid`dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The longtailed titmouse.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Print</h1>
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<hw>Print</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Printed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Printing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>imprint</ets>. See <er>Imprint</er>, and <er>Press</er> to squeeze.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fix or impress, as a stamp, mark, character, idea, etc., into or upon something.</def>

<blockquote>A look will <b>print</b> a thought that never may remove.
<i>Surrey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Upon his breastplate he beholds a dint,
Which in that field young Edward's sword did <b>print</b>.
<i>Sir John Beaumont.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Perhaps some footsteps <b>printed</b> in the clay.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stamp something in or upon; to make an impression or mark upon by pressure, or as by pressure.</def>

<blockquote>Forth on his fiery steed betimes he rode,
That scarcely <b>prints</b> the turf on which he trod.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> Specifically: <def>To strike off an impression or impressions of, from type, or from stereotype, electrotype, or engraved plates, or the like; in a wider sense, to do the typesetting, presswork, etc., of (a book or other publication); <as>as, to <ex>print</ex> books, newspapers, pictures; to <ex>print</ex> an edition of a book.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To stamp or impress with colored figures or patterns; <as>as, to <ex>print</ex> calico</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>To take (a copy, a positive picture, etc.), from a negative, a transparent drawing, or the like, by the action of light upon a sensitized surface.</def>

<cs><col>Printed goods</col>, <cd>textile fabrics printed in patterns, especially cotton cloths, or calicoes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Print</h1>
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<hw>Print</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To use or practice the art of typography; to take impressions of letters, figures, or electrotypes, engraved plates, or the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To publish a book or an article.</def>

<blockquote>From the moment he <b>prints</b>, he must except to hear no more truth.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Print</h1>
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<hw>Print</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Print</er>, <tt>v.<tt>, <er>Imprint</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mark made by impression; a line, character, figure, or indentation, made by the pressure of one thing on another; <as>as, the <ex>print</ex> of teeth or nails in flesh; the <ex>print</ex> of the foot in sand or snow.</as></def>

<blockquote>Where <b>print</b> of human feet was never seen.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A stamp or die for molding or impressing an ornamental design upon an object; <as>as, a butter <ex>print</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which receives an impression, as from a stamp or mold; <as>as, a <ex>print</ex> of butter</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Printed letters; the impression taken from type, as to excellence, form, size, etc.; <as>as, small <ex>print</ex>; large <ex>print</ex>; this line is in <ex>print</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which is produced by printing.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An impression taken from anything, as from an engraved plate</def>. "The <i>prints</i> which we see of antiquities." <i>Dryden</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A printed publication, more especially a newspaper or other periodical</def>. <i>Addison</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A printed cloth; a fabric figured by stamping, especially calico or cotton cloth</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A photographic copy, or positive picture, on prepared paper, as from a negative, or from a drawing on transparent paper.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A core print. See under <er>Core</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Blue print</col>, <cd>a copy in white lines on a blue ground, of a drawing, plan, tracing, etc., or a positive picture in blue and white, from a negative, produced by photographic printing on peculiarly prepared paper.</cd><-- also blueprint.  Long used for reproduction of architectural drawings, now also applied to an architectural plan of any color, and thus (Fig.) a plan, or outline of a plan of action; as, <ex>blueprint</ex> for action --> -- <col>In print</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In a printed form; issued from the press; published</cd>. <i>Shak.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To the letter; with accurateness.</cd> "All this I speak <i>in print<i>." <i>Shak.</i> -- <col>Out of print</col>. <cd>See under <er>Out</er>.</cd> -- <col>Print works</col>, <cd>a factory where cloth, as calico, is printed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Printa-ble</h1>
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<hw>Print"a-ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worthy to be published.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Printer</h1>
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<hw>Print"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who prints; especially, one who prints books, newspapers, engravings, etc., a compositor; a typesetter; a pressman.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Printer's devil</col>, <col>Printer's gauge</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Devil</er>, and <er>Gauge</er>.</cd> -- <col>Printer's ink</col>. <cd>See <cref>Printing ink</cref>, below.</cd></cs>

<h1>Printery</h1>
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<hw>Print"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place where cloth is printed; print works; also, a printing office.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Printing</h1>
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<hw>Print"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act, art, or practice of impressing letters, characters, or figures on paper, cloth, or other material; the business of a printer, including typesetting and presswork, with their adjuncts; typography; also, the act of producing photographic prints.</def>

<cs><col>Block printing</col>. <cd>See under <er>Block</er>.</cd> -- <col>Printing frame</col> <fld>(Photog.)</fld>, <cd>a shallow box, usually having a glass front, in which prints are made by exposure to light.</cd> -- <col>Printing house</col>, <cd>a printing office.</cd> -- <col>Printing ink</col>, <cd>ink used in printing books, newspapers, etc. It is composed of lampblack or ivory black mingled with linseed or nut oil, made thick by boiling and burning. Other ingredients are employed for the finer qualities. <i>Ure</i>.</cd> -- <col>Printing office</col>, <cd>a place where books, pamphlets, or newspapers, etc., are printed.</cd> -- <col>Printing paper</col>, <cd>paper used in the printing of books, pamphlets, newspapers, and the like, as distinguished from writing paper, wrapping paper, etc.</cd> -- <col>Printing press</col>, <cd>a press for printing, books, newspaper, handbills, etc.</cd> -- <col>Printing wheel</col>, <cd>a wheel with letters or figures on its periphery, used in machines for paging or numbering, or in ticket-printing machines, typewriters, etc.; a type wheel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Printless</h1>
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<hw>Print"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making no imprint.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Printless</h1>
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<hw>Print"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making no imprint.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Printshop</h1>
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<hw>Print"shop`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shop where prints are sold.</def>

<h1>Prior</h1>
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<hw>Pri"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prior</ets> former, previous, better, superior; compar. corresponding to <ets>primus</ets> first, and <ets>pro</ets> for. See <er>Former</er>, and cf. <er>Prime</er>, <tt>a.<tt>, and <er>Pre-</er>, <er>Pro-</er>.]</ety> <def>Preceding in the order of time; former; antecedent; anterior; previous; <as>as, a <ex>prior</ex> discovery; <ex>prior</ex> obligation; -- used elliptically in cases like the following: he lived alone [in the time] <ex>prior</ex> to his marriage.</as></def>

<h1>Prior</h1>
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<hw>Pri"or</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>priour</ets>, OF. <ets>priour</ets>, <ets>prior</ets>, <ets>priur</ets>, F. <ets>prieur</ets>, from L. <ets>prior</ets> former, superior. See <er>Prior</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The superior of a priory, and next below an abbot in dignity.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Conventical</col>, &or; <col>Conventual</col>, <col>prior</col></mcol>, <cd>a prior who is at the head of his own house. See the Note under <er>Priory</er>.</cd> -- <col>Claustral prior</col>, <cd>an official next in rank to the abbot in a monastery; prior of the cloisters.</cd></cs>

<h1>Priorate</h1>
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<hw>Pri"or*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>prioratus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>priorat</ets>.]</ety> <def>The dignity, office, or government, of a prior.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Prioress</h1>
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<hw>Pri"or*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>prioresse</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lady superior of a priory of nuns, and next in dignity to an abbess.</def>

<h1>Priority</h1>
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<hw>Pri*or"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>priorit\'82</ets>. See <er>Prior</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being prior or antecedent in time, or of preceding something else; <as>as, <ex>priority</ex> of application</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Precedence; superior rank.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Priority of debts</col>, <cd>a superior claim to payment, or a claim to payment before others.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Antecedence; precedence; pre\'89minence.</syn>

<h1>Priorly</h1>
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<hw>Pri"or*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Previously.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Geddes.</i>

<h1>Priorship</h1>
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<hw>Pri"or*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or office of prior; priorate.</def>

<h1>Priory</h1>
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<hw>Pri"o*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Priories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>prioria</ets>. See <er>Prior</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <def>A religious house presided over by a prior or prioress; -- sometimes an offshoot of, an subordinate to, an abbey, and called also <altname>cell</altname>, and <altname>obedience</altname>. See <er>Cell</er>, 2.</def>

<note>&hand; Of such houses there were two sorts: one where the prior was chosen by the inmates, and governed as independently as an abbot in an abbey; the other where the priory was subordinate to an abbey, and the prior was placed or displaced at the will of the abbot.</note>

<cs><col>Alien priory</col>, <cd>a small religious house dependent on a large monastery in some other country.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Cloister</er>.</syn>

<h1>Pris</h1>
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<hw>Pris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Price</er>, and 1st <er>Prize</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Prisage</h1>
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<hw>Pris"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>prisage</ets> a praising, valuing, taxing; cf. LL. <ets>prisagium</ets> prisage; or from F. <ets>prise</ets> a taking, capture, prize. See <er>Prize</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A right belonging to the crown of England, of taking two tuns of wine from every ship importing twenty tuns or more, -- one before and one behind the mast. By charter of Edward I. butlerage was substituted for this.</def> <i>Blackstone</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The share of merchandise taken as lawful prize at sea which belongs to the king or admiral.</def>

<h1>Priscillianist</h1>
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<hw>Pris*cil"lian*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of <ets>Priscillian</ets>, bishop of Avila in Spain, in the fourth century, who mixed various elements of Gnosticism and Manicheism with Christianity.</def>

<h1>Prise</h1>
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<hw>Prise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An enterprise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Prise</h1>
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<hw>Prise</hw>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Prize</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5. Also <er>Prize</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Priser</h1>
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<hw>Pris"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 1st <er>Prizer</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Prism</h1>
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<hw>Prism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prisma</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, to saw: cf. F. <ets>prisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A solid whose bases or ends are any similar, equal, and parallel plane figures, and whose sides are parallelograms.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Prisms</i> of different forms are often named from the figure of their bases; as, a triangular <i>prism</i>, a quadrangular <i>prism</i>, a rhombic <i>prism</i>, etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A transparent body, with usually three rectangular plane faces or sides, and two equal and parallel triangular ends or bases; -- used in experiments on refraction, dispersion, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A form the planes of which are parallel to the vertical axis. See <er>Form</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 13.</def>

<cs><col>Achromatic prism</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>a prism composed usually of two prisms of different transparent substances which have unequal dispersive powers, as two different kinds of glass, especially flint glass and crown glass, the difference of dispersive power being compensated by giving them different refracting angles, so that, when placed together so as to have opposite relative positions, a ray of light passed through them is refracted or bent into a new position, but is free from color.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Nicol's prism</col>, <col>Nicol prism</col></mcol>. <ety>[So called from Wm. <ets>Nicol<ets>, of Edinburgh, who first proposed it.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>An instrument for experiments in polarization, consisting of a rhomb of Iceland spar, which has been bisected obliquely at a certain angle, and the two parts again joined with transparent cement, so that the ordinary image produced by double refraction is thrown out of the field by total reflection from the internal cemented surface, and the extraordinary, or polarized, image alone is transmitted.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prismatic, Prismatical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pris*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pris*mat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>prismatique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resembling, or pertaining to, a prism; <as>as, a <ex>prismatic</ex> form or cleavage</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Separated or distributed by a prism; formed by a prism; <as>as, <ex>prismatic</ex> colors</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Orthorhombic</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Prismatic borax</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>borax crystallized in the form of oblique prisms, with ten molecules of water; -- distinguished from <i>octahedral borax<i>.</cd> -- <col>Prismatic colors</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the seven colors into which light is resolved when passed through a prism; primary colors. See <cref>Primary colors</cref>, under <er>Color</er>.</cd> -- <col>Prismatic compass</col> <fld>(Surv.)</fld>, <cd>a compass having a prism for viewing a distant object and the compass card at the same time.</cd> -- <col>Prismatic spectrum</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the spectrum produced by the passage of light through a prism.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prismatically</h1>
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<hw>Pris*mat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the form on manner of a prism; by means of a prism.</def>

<h1>Prismatoidal</h1>
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<hw>Pris`ma*toid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, prism + <ets>-oid</ets>: F. <ets>prismato\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a prismlike form.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Prismoid</h1>
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<hw>Pris"moid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>prismto\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>A body that approaches to the form of a prism.</def>

<h1>Prismoidal</h1>
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<hw>Pris*moid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the form of a prismoid; <as>as, <ex>prismoidal</ex> solids</as>.</def>

<h1>Prismy</h1>
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<hw>Pris"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to a prism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Prison</h1>
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<hw>Pris"on</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>prehensio</ets>, <ets>prensio</ets>, a seizing, arresting, fr. <ets>prehendre</ets>, <ets>prendere</ets>, to lay hold of, to seize. See <er>Prehensile</er>, and cf. <er>Prize</er>, <tt>n.<tt>, <er>Misprision</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place where persons are confined, or restrained of personal liberty; hence, a place or state o<?/ confinement, restraint, or safe custody.</def>

<blockquote>Bring my soul out of <b>prison</b>, that I may praise thy name.
<i>Ps. cxlii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The tyrant \'92olus, . . .
With power imperial, curbs the struggling winds,
And sounding tempests in dark <b>prisons</b> binds.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, a building for the safe custody or confinement of criminals and others committed by lawful authority.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Prison bars</col>, &or; <col>Prison base</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Base</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 24.</cd> -- <col>Prison breach</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See Note under 3d <er>Escape</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Prison house</col>, <cd>a prison. <i>Shak.</i></cd> -- <col>Prison ship</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a ship fitted up for the confinement of prisoners.</cd> -- <col>Prison van</col>, <cd>a carriage in which prisoners are conveyed to and from prison.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prison</h1>
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<hw>Pris"on</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prisoned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prisoning</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To imprison; to shut up in, or as in, a prison; to confine; to restrain from liberty.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>prisoned</b> eagle dies for rage.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His true respect will <b>prison</b> false desire.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bind (together); to enchain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sir William Crispyn with the duke was led
Together <b>prisoned</b>.
<i>Robert of Brunne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prisoner</h1>
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<hw>Pris"on*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>prisonnier</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is confined in a prison.</def>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person under arrest, or in custody, whether in prison or not; a person held in involuntary restraint; a captive; <as>as, a <ex>prisoner</ex> at the bar of a court</as>.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<blockquote><b>Prisoner</b> of Hope thou art, -- look up and sing.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Prisoner's base</col>. <cd>See <er>Base</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 24.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prisonment</h1>
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<hw>Pris"on*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Imprisonment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pristinate</h1>
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<hw>Pris"tin*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pristine; primitive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Pristinate</i> idolatry."

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Pristine</h1>
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<hw>Pris"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pristinus</ets>, akin to <ets>prior</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pristin</ets>. See <er>Prior</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>Belonging to the earliest period or state; original; primitive; primeval; <as>as, the <ex>pristine</ex> state of innocence; the <ex>pristine</ex> manners of a people; <ex>pristine</ex> vigor.</as></def>

<h1>Pritch</h1>
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<hw>Pritch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Prick</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sharp-pointed instrument; also, an eelspear.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pique; offense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>D. Rogers.</i>

<h1>Pritchel</h1>
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<hw>Pritch"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tool employed by blacksmiths for punching or enlarging the nail holes in a horseshoe.</def>

<h1>Prithee</h1>
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<hw>Prith"ee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>A corruption of <i>pray thee</i>; <as>as, I <ex>prithee</ex></as>; generally used without <it>I</it>.</def><-- = pray (interj.). See I pray, under pray, v.i. -->

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>What was that scream for, I <b>prithee</b>?
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Prithee</b>, tell me, Dimple-chin.
<i>E. C. Stedman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prittle-prattle</h1>
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<hw>Prit"tle-prat`tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Prattle</er>.]</ety> <def>Empty talk; trifling loquacity; prattle; -- used in contempt or ridicule.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Abp. Bramhall.</i>

<h1>Privacy</h1>
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<hw>Pri"va*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Privacies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Private</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being in retirement from the company or observation of others; seclusion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place of seclusion from company or observation; retreat; solitude; retirement.</def>

<blockquote>Her sacred <b>privacies</b> all open lie.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Concealment of what is said or done.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A private matter; a secret.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>See <er>Privity</er>, 2.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Privado</h1>
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<hw>Pri*va"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. L. <ets>privatus</ets>. See <er>Private</er>.]</ety> <def>A private friend; a confidential friend; a confidant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Private</h1>
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<hw>Pri"vate</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>privatus</ets> apart from the state, peculiar to an individual, private, properly p. p. of <ets>privare</ets> to bereave, deprive, originally, to separate, fr. <ets>privus</ets> single, private, perhaps originally, put forward (hence, alone, single) and akin to <ets>prae</ets> before. See <er>Prior</er>, <tt>a.<tt>, and cf. <er>Deprive</er>, <er>Privy</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to, or concerning, an individual person, company, or interest; peculiar to one's self; unconnected with others; personal; one's own; not public; not general; separate; <as>as, a man's <ex>private</ex> opinion; <ex>private</ex> property; a <ex>private</ex> purse; <ex>private</ex> expenses or interests; a <ex>private</ex> secretary.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sequestered from company or observation; appropriated to an individual; secret; secluded; lonely; solitary; <as>as, a <ex>private</ex> room or apartment; <ex>private</ex> prayer.</as></def>

<blockquote>Reason . . . then retires
Into her <b>private</b> cell when nature rests.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1140">
Page 1140<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not invested with, or engaged in, public office or employment; <as>as, a <ex>private</ex> citizen; <ex>private</ex> life.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>private</b> person may arrest a felon.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not publicly known; not open; secret; <as>as, a <ex>private</ex> negotiation; a <ex>private</ex> understanding.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Having secret or private knowledge; privy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<cs><mcol><col>Private act</col> &or; <col>statute</col></mcol>, <cd>a statute exclusively for the settlement of private and personal interests, of which courts do not take judicial notice; -- opposed to a <i>general law<i>, which operates on the whole community<-- also, private law vs. public law -->.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Private nuisance</col> &or; <col>wrong</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Nuisance</er>.</cd> -- <col>Private soldier</col>. <cd>See <er>Private</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</cd> -- <col>Private way</col>, <cd>a right of private passage over another man's ground.</cd></cs><-- also, a road on private land, contrasted with public road. -->

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Private</h1>
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<hw>Pri"vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A secret message; a personal unofficial communication.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Personal interest; particular business.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Nor must I be unmindful of my <b>private</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Privacy; retirement.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "Go off; I discard you; let me enjoy my <i>private</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One not invested with a public office.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>What have kings, that <b>privates</b> have not too?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A common soldier; a soldier below the grade of a noncommissioned officer.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The private parts; the genitals.</def>

<cs><col>In private</col>, <cd>secretly; not openly or publicly.</cd></cs>

<h1>Privateer</h1>
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<hw>Pri`va*teer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Private</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An armed private vessel which bears the commission of the sovereign power to cruise against the enemy. See <cref>Letters of marque</cref>, under <er>Marque</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The commander of a privateer.</def>

<blockquote>Kidd soon threw off the character of a <b>privateer</b> and became a pirate.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Privateer</h1>
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<hw>Pri`va*teer"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Privateered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Privateering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cruise in a privateer.</def>

<h1>Privateering</h1>
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<hw>Pri`va*teer"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cruising in a privateer.</def>

<h1>Privateersman</h1>
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<hw>Pri`va*teers"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Privateersmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>An officer or seaman of a privateer.</def>

<h1>Privately</h1>
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<hw>Pri"vate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In a private manner; not openly; without the presence of others.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a manner affecting an individual; personally not officially; <as>as, he is not <ex>privately</ex> benefited</as>.</def>

<h1>Privateness</h1>
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<hw>Pri"vate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Seclusion from company or society; retirement; privacy; secrecy.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of one not invested with public office.</def>

<h1>Privation</h1>
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<hw>Pri*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>privatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>privation</ets>. See <er>Private</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of depriving, or taking away; hence, the depriving of rank or office; degradation in rank; deprivation.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being deprived or destitute of something, especially of something required or desired; destitution; need; <as>as, to undergo severe <ex>privations</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The condition of being absent; absence; negation.</def>

<blockquote>Evil will be known by consequence, as being only a <b>privation</b>, or absence, of good.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Privation</b> mere of light and absent day.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Privative</h1>
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<hw>Priv"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>privativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>privatif</ets>. See <er>Private</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Causing privation; depriving.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consisting in the absence of something; not positive; negative.</def>

<blockquote><b>Privative</b> blessings, blessings of immunity, safeguard, liberty, and integrity.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Implying privation or negation; giving a negative force to a word; <as>as, alpha <ex>privative</ex>; <ex>privative</ex> particles</as>; -- applied to such prefixes and suffixes as <i>a-</i> (Gr. <?/), <i>un-</i>, <i>non-</i>, <i>-less</i>.</def>

<h1>Privative</h1>
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<hw>Priv"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That of which the essence is the absence of something.</def>

<blockquote>Blackness and darkness are indeed but <b>privatives</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A term indicating the absence of any quality which might be naturally or rationally expected; -- called also <altname>privative term</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A privative prefix or suffix. See <er>Privative</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Privatively</h1>
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<hw>Priv"a*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a privative manner; by the absence of something; negatively.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Privativeness</h1>
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<hw>Priv"a*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being privative.</def>

<h1>Privet</h1>
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<hw>Priv"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Scot. <ets>privie</ets>, Prov. E. <ets>prim-print</ets>, <ets>primwort</ets>. Prob. for <ets>primet</ets>, and perh. named from being cut and trimmed. See, <er>Prim</er>, <tt>a.<tt>, and cf. <er>Prime</er> to prune, <er>Prim</er>, n., <er>Prie</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An ornamental European shrub (<spn>Ligustrum vulgare</spn>), much used in hedges; -- called also <altname>prim</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Egyptian privet</col>. <cd>See <er>Lawsonia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Evergreen privet</col>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Rhamnus</spn>. See <er>Alatern</er>.</cd> -- <col>Mock privet</col>, <cd>any one of several evergreen shrubs of the genus <spn>Phillyrea</spn>. They are from the Mediterranean region, and have been much cultivated for hedges and for fancifully clipped shrubberies.</cd><-- i.e., topiary plants --></cs>

<h1>Privilege</h1>
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<hw>Priv"i*lege</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>privil\'8age</ets>, L. <ets>privilegium</ets> an ordinance or law against or in favor of an individual; <ets>privus</ets> private + <ets>lex</ets>, <ets>legis</ets>, law. See <er>Private</er>, and <er>Legal</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A peculiar benefit, advantage, or favor; a right or immunity not enjoyed by others or by all; special enjoyment of a good, or exemption from an evil or burden; a prerogative; advantage; franchise.</def>

<blockquote>He pleads the legal <b>privilege</b> of a Roman.
<i>Kettlewell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>privilege</b> birthright was a double portion.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A people inheriting <b>privileges</b>, franchises, and liberties.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Stockbroker's Cant)</fld> <def>See <er>Call</er>, <er>Put</er>, <er>Spread</er>, etc.

<cs><col>Breach of privilege</col>. <cd>See under <er>Breach</er>.</cd> -- <col>Question of privilege</col> <fld>(Parliamentary practice)</fld>, <cd>a question which concerns the security of a member of a legislative body in his special privileges as such.</cd> -- <col>Water privilege</col>, <cd>the advantage of having machinery driven by a stream, or a place affording such advantage.</cd> <mark>[ U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Writ of privilege</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a writ to deliver a privileged person from custody when arrested in a civil suit.</cd> <i>Blackstone.</i></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Prerogative; immunity; franchise; right; claim; liberty.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Privilege</er>, <er>Prerogative</er>. <i>Privilege</i>, among the Romans, was something conferred upon an individual by a private law; and hence, it denotes some peculiar benefit or advantage, some right or immunity, not enjoyed by the world at large. <i>Prerogative</i>, among the Romans, was the right of voting first; and, hence, it denotes a right of precedence, or of doing certain acts, or enjoying certain privileges, to the exclusion of others. It is the <i>privilege</i> of a member of Congress not to be called in question elsewhere for words uttered in debate. It is the <i>prerogative</i> of the president to nominate judges and executive officers. It is the <i>privilege</i> of a Christian child to be instructed in the true religion. It is the <i>prerogative</i> of a parent to govern and direct his children.</usage>

<h1>Privilege</h1>
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<hw>Priv"i*lege</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Privileged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Privileging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>privil\'82gier</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To grant some particular right or exemption to; to invest with a peculiar right or immunity; to authorize; <as>as, to <ex>privilege</ex> representatives from arrest</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>privilege</b> dishonor in thy name.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring or put into a condition of privilege or exemption from evil or danger; to exempt; to deliver.</def>

<blockquote>He took this place for sanctuary, And it shall <b>privilege</b> him from your hands.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Privileged</h1>
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<hw>Priv"i*leged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Invested with a privilege; enjoying a peculiar right, advantage, or immunity.</def>

<cs><col>Privileged communication</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A communication which can not be disclosed without the consent of the party making it, -- such as those made by a client to his legal adviser, or by persons to their religious or medical advisers</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A communication which does not expose the party making it to indictment for libel, -- such as those made by persons communicating confidentially with a government, persons consulted confidentially as to the character of servants, etc.</cd> -- <col>Privileged debts</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>those to which a preference in payment is given out of the estate of a deceased person, or out of the estate of an insolvent. <i>Wharton</i>. <i>Burrill</i>.</cd> -- <col>Privileged witnesses</col> <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>witnesses who are not obliged to testify as to certain things, as lawyers in relation to their dealings with their clients, and officers of state as to state secrets; also, by statute, clergymen and physicans are placed in the same category, so far as concerns information received by them professionally.</cd></cs><-- also called attorney-clinet privilege, doctor-patient privelege -->

<h1>Privily</h1>
<Xpage=1140>

<hw>Priv"i*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a privy manner; privately; secretly.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>  <i>2 Pet. ii. 1.</i>

<h1>Privity</h1>
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<hw>Priv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Privities</plw> <tt>(-t&icr;z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[From <er>Privy</er>, <tt>a.<tt>: cf. F. <ets>privaut\'82</ets> extreme familiarity.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Privacy; secrecy; confidence.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>I will unto you, in <b>privity</b>, discover . . . my purpose.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Private knowledge; joint knowledge with another of a private concern; cognizance implying consent or concurrence.</def>

<blockquote>All the doors were laid open for his departure, not without the <b>privity</b> of the Prince of Orange.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A private matter or business; a secret.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The genitals; the privates.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A connection, or bond of union, between parties, as to some particular transaction; mutual or successive relationship to the same rights of property.</def>

<h1>Privy</h1>
<Xpage=1140>

<hw>Priv"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>priv\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>privatus</ets>. See <er>Private</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to some person exclusively; assigned to private uses; not public; private; <as>as, the <ex>privy</ex> purse</as>.</def> " <i>Privee</i> knights and squires."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Secret; clandestine.</def> " A <i>privee</i> thief."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Appropriated to retirement; private; not open to the public.</def> " <i>Privy</i> chambers."

<i>Ezek. xxi. 14.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Admitted to knowledge of a secret transaction; secretly cognizant; privately knowing.</def>

<blockquote>His wife also being <b>privy</b> to it.
<i>Acts v. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Myself am one made <b>privy</b> to the plot.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Privy chamber</col>, <cd>a private apartment in a royal residence.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Privy council</col></mcol> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>the principal council of the sovereign, composed of the cabinet ministers and other persons chosen by the king or queen.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i> -- <col>Privy councilor</col>, <cd>a member of the privy council.</cd> -- <col>Privy purse</col>, <cd>moneys set apart for the personal use of the monarch; also, the title of the person having charge of these moneys.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <i>Macaulay</i>. -- <mcol><col>Privy seal</col> &or; <col>signed</col></mcol>, <cd>the seal which the king uses in grants, etc., which are to pass the great seal, or which the uses in matters of subordinate consequence which do not require the great seal; also, elliptically, the principal secretary of state, or person intrusted with the privy seal.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Privy verdict</col>, <cd>a verdict given privily to the judge out of court; -- now disused.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i></cs>

<h1>Privy</h1>
<Xpage=1140>

<hw>Priv"y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Privies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A partaker; a person having an interest in any action or thing; one who has an interest in an estate created by another; a person having an interest derived from a contract or conveyance to which he is not himself a party. The term, in its proper sense, is distinguished from <i>party</i>.</def>

<i>Burrill. Wharton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A necessary house or place; a backhouse.</def>

<h1>Prizable</h1>
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<hw>Priz"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Valuable.</def>

<i>H. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Prize</h1>
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<hw>Prize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>prise</ets> a seizing, hold, grasp, fr. <ets>pris</ets>, p. p. of <ets>prendre</ets> to take, L. <ets>prendere</ets>, <ets>prehendere</ets>; in some senses, as 2 <sd>(b)</sd>, either from, or influenced by, F. <ets>prix</ets> price. See <er>Prison</er>, <er>Prehensile</er>, and cf. <er>Pry</er>, and also <er>Price</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is taken from another; something captured; a thing seized by force, stratagem, or superior power.</def>

<blockquote>I will depart my <b>pris</b>, or may prey, by deliberation.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His own <b>prize</b>,
Whom formerly he had in battle won.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> Hence, specifically; <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Anything captured by a belligerent using the rights of war; esp., property captured at sea in virtue of the rights of war, as a vessel.</def> <i>Kent</i>. <i>Brande & C.</i> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An honor or reward striven for in a competitive contest; anything offered to be competed for, or as an inducement to, or reward of, effort.</def>

<blockquote>I'll never wrestle for <b>prize</b> more.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I fought and conquered, yet have lost the <b>prize</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>That which may be won by chance, as in a lottery</def>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything worth striving for; a valuable possession held or in prospect.</def>

<blockquote>I press toward the mark for the <b>prize</b> of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus.
<i>Phil. iii. 14.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A contest for a reward; competition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A lever; a pry; also, the hold of a lever.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>prise</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Prize court</col>, <cd>a court having jurisdiction of all captures made in war on the high seas. <i>Bouvier</i>.</cd> -- <col>Prize fight</col>, <cd>an exhibition contest, esp. one of pugilists, for a stake or wager.</cd> -- <col>Prize fighter</col>, <cd>one who fights publicly for a reward; -- applied esp. to a professional boxer or pugilist. <i>Pope</i>.</cd> -- <col>Prize fighting</col>, <cd>fighting, especially boxing, in public for a reward or wager.</cd> -- <col>Prize master</col>, <cd>an officer put in charge or command of a captured vessel.</cd> -- <col>Prize medal</col>, <cd>a medal given as a prize.</cd> -- <col>Prize money</col>, <cd>a dividend from the proceeds of a captured vessel, etc., paid to the captors.</cd> -- <col>Prize ring</col>, <cd>the ring or inclosure for a prize fight; the system and practice of prize fighting.</cd> -- <col>To make prize of</col>, <cd>to capture.</cd> <i>Hawthorne</i>.</cs>

<h1>Prize</h1>
<Xpage=1140>

<hw>Prize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To move with a lever; to force up or open; to pry.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>prise</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Prize</h1>
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<hw>Prize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>priser</ets>, OF. <ets>prisier</ets>, <ets>preisier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pretiare</ets>, fr. <ets>pretium</ets> worth, value, price. See <er>Price</er>, and cf. <er>Praise</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>prise</asp>. ]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To set or estimate the value of; to appraise; to price; to rate.</def>

<blockquote>A goodly price that I was <b>prized</b> at.
<i>Zech. xi. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>prize</b> it [life] not a straw, but for mine honor.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To value highly; to estimate to be of great worth; to esteem.</def> "[I] do love, <i>prize</i>, honor you. "

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>I <b>prized</b> your person, but your crown disdain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prize</h1>
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<hw>Prize</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>prix</ets> price. See 3d <er>Prize</er>. ]</ety> <def>Estimation; valuation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Prizeman</h1>
<Xpage=1140>

<hw>Prize"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Prizemen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The winner of a prize.</def>

<h1>Prizer</h1>
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<hw>Priz"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 3d <er>Prize</er>.]</ety> <def>One who estimates or sets the value of a thing; an appraiser.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Prizer</h1>
<Xpage=1140>

<hw>Priz"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Prize</er>.]</ety> <def>One who contends for a prize; a prize fighter; a challenger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Appeareth no man yet to answer the <b>prizer</b>.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prizing</h1>
<Xpage=1140>

<hw>Priz"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Prize</er>.]</ety> <def>The application of a lever to move any weighty body, as a cask, anchor, cannon, car, etc. See <er>Prize</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</def>

<h1>Pro-</h1>
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<hw>Pro-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>pro</ets>, or Gr. <?/. See <er>Pro</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying <i>before</i>, <i>in front</i>, <i>forth</i>, <i>for</i>, <i>in behalf of</i>, <i>in place of</i>, <i>according to</i>; <as>as, <ex>pro</ex>pose, to place before; <ex>pro</ex>ceed, to go before or forward; <ex>pro</ex>ject, to throw forward; <ex>pro</ex>logue, part spoken before (the main piece); <ex>pro</ex>pel, <ex>pro</ex>gnathous; <ex>pro</ex>vide, to look out for; <ex>pro</ex>noun, a word instead of a noun; <ex>pro</ex>consul, a person acting in place of a consul; <ex>pro</ex>portion, arrangement according to parts.</as></def>

<h1>Pro</h1>
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<hw>Pro</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[L.; akin to <ets>prae</ets> before, Gr. <?/, and E. <ets>for</ets>. See <er>For</er>, <ets>prep</ets>., and cf. <er>Prior</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>A Latin preposition signifying <i>for</i>, <i>before</i>, <i>forth</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Pro confesso</col> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>taken as confessed. The action of a court of equity on that portion of the pleading in a particular case which the pleading on the other side does not deny.</cd> -- <col>Pro rata</col>. <ety>[L. See <er>Prorate</er>.]</ety> <cd>In proportion; proportion.</cd> -- <col>Pro re nata</col> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>for the existing occasion; as matters are.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pro</h1>
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<hw>Pro</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>For, on, or in behalf of, the affirmative side; -- in contrast with <ant>con</ant>.</def>

<cs><col>Pro and con</col>, <cd>for and against, on the affirmative and on the negative side; <as>as, they debated the question <ex>pro and con<ex></as>; -- formerly used also as a verb.</cd> -- <col>Pros and cons</col>, <cd>the arguments or reasons on either side.</cd></cs>

<h1>Proa</h1>
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<hw>Pro"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>pr\'be</ets><?/, pr<ets>\'beh<?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A sailing canoe of the Ladrone Islands and Malay Archipelago, having its lee side flat and its weather side like that of an ordinary boat. The ends are alike. The canoe is long and narrow, and is kept from overturning by a cigar-shaped log attached to a frame extending several feet to windward. It has been called the <i>flying proa</i>, and is the swiftest sailing craft known.</def><-- having an outrigger -->

<h1>Proach</h1>
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<hw>Proach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Approach</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Proatlas</h1>
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<hw>Pro*at"las</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + <ets>atlas</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A vertebral rudiment in front of the atlas in some reptiles.</def>

<h1>Probabiliorism</h1>
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<hw>Prob`a*bil"i*o*rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine of the probabiliorists.</def>

<h1>Probabiliorist</h1>
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<hw>Prob`a*bil"i*o*rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>probabilior</ets>, compar. of <ets>probabilis</ets> probable.]</ety> <fld>(Casuistry)</fld> <def>One who holds, in opposition to the probabilists, that a man is bound to do that which is most probably right.</def>

<h1>Probabilism</h1>
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<hw>Prob"a*bil*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>probabilisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of the probabilists.</def>

<h1>Probabilist</h1>
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<hw>Prob"a*bil*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>probabilists</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who maintains that certainty is impossible, and that probability alone is to govern our faith and actions.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Casuistry)</fld> <def>One who maintains that a man may do that which has a probability of being right, or which is inculcated by teachers of authority, although other opinions may seem to him still more probable.</def>

<h1>Probability</h1>
<Xpage=1140>

<hw>Prob`a*bil"i*ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Probabilities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>probabilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>probabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being probable; appearance of reality or truth; reasonable ground of presumption; likelihood.</def>

<blockquote><b>Probability</b> is the appearance of the agreement or disagreement of two ideas, by the intervention of proofs whose connection is not constant, but appears for the most part to be so.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is or appears probable; anything that has the appearance of reality or truth.</def>

<blockquote>The whole life of man is a perpetual comparison of evidence and balancing of <b>probabilities</b>.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We do not call for evidence till antecedent <b>probabilities</b> fail.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Likelihood of the occurrence of any event in the doctrine of chances, or the ratio of the number of favorable chances to the whole number of chances, favorable and unfavorable. See 1st <er>Chance</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Likeliness; credibleness; likelihood; chance.</syn>

<h1>Probable</h1>
<Xpage=1140>

<hw>Prob"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>probabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>probare</ets> to try, approve, prove: cf. F. <ets>probable</ets>. See <er>Prove</er>, and cf. <er>Provable</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being proved.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having more evidence for than against; supported by evidence which inclines the mind to believe, but leaves some room for doubt; likely.</def>

<blockquote>That is accounted <b>probable</b> which has better arguments producible for it than can be brought against it.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I do not say that the principles of religion are merely <b>probable</b>; I have before asserted them to be morally certain.
<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1141">
Page 1141<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Rendering probable; supporting, or giving ground for, belief, but not demonstrating; <as>as, <ex>probable</ex> evidence; <ex>probable</ex> presumption.</as></def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><col>Probable cause</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a reasonable ground of presumption that a charge is, or my be, well founded.</cd> -- <col>Probable error</col><cd> (of an observation, or of the mean of a number), that within which, taken positively and negatively, there is an even chance that the real error shall lie. Thus, if 3&sec; is the probable error in a given case, the chances that the real error is greater than 3&sec; are equal to the chances that it is less. The probable error is computed from the observations made, and is used to express their degree of accuracy.</cd><-- now, usually standard deviation is used --> -- <col>The probable</col>, <cd>that which is within the bounds of probability; that which is not unnatural or preternatural; -- opposed to <i>the marvelous<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Probably</h1>
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<hw>Prob"a*bly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a probable manner; in likelihood.</def>

<blockquote>Distinguish between what may possibly and what will <b>probably</b> be done.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Probacy</h1>
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<hw>Pro"ba*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Probate</er>.]</ety> <def>Proof; trial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Probal</h1>
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<hw>Pro"bal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Approved; probable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Probality</h1>
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<hw>Pro*bal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Probability.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "With as great <i>probality</i>."

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Probang</h1>
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<hw>Pro"bang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Probe</er>.]</ety> <def>A slender elastic rod, as of whalebone, with a sponge on the end, for removing obstructions from the esophagus, etc.</def>

<h1>Probate</h1>
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<hw>Pro"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>probatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>probare</ets> to prove. See <er>Prove</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Proof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Official proof; especially, the proof before a competent officer or tribunal that an instrument offered, purporting to be the last will and testament of a person deceased, is indeed his lawful act; the copy of a will proved, under the seal of the Court of Probate, delivered to the executors with a certificate of its having been proved</def>. <i>Bouvier</i>. <i>Burrill</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The right or jurisdiction of proving wills</def>.

<h1>Probate</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro"bate</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or belonging to a probate, or court of probate; <as>as, a <ex>probate</ex> record</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Probate Court</col>, &or; <col>Court of Probate</col></mcol>, <cd>a court for the probate of wills.</cd> -- <col>Probate duty</col>, <cd>a government tax on property passing by will. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Probate</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To obtain the official approval of, as of an instrument purporting to be the last will and testament; <as>as, the executor has <ex>probated</ex> the will</as>.</def>

<h1>Probation</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>probatio</ets>, fr. <ets>probare</ets> to try, examine, prove: cf. F. <ets>probation</ets>. See <er>Prove</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of proving; also, that which proves anything; proof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When by miracle God dispensed great gifts to the laity, . . . he gave <b>probation</b> that he intended that all should prophesy and preach.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any proceeding designed to ascertain truth, to determine character, qualification, etc.; examination; trial; <as>as, to engage a person on <ex>probation</ex></as>. Hence, specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> The novitiate which a person must pass in a convent, to probe his or her virtue and ability to bear the severities of the rule. <sd>(b)</sd> The trial of a ministerial candidate's qualifications prior to his ordination, or to his settlement as a pastor. <sd>(c)</sd> Moral trial; the state of man in the present life, in which he has the opportunity of proving his character, and becoming qualified for a happier state.</def>

<blockquote>No [view of human life] seems so reasonable as that which regards it as a state of <b>probation</b>.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Probational</h1>
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<hw>Pro*ba"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Probationary.</def>

<h1>Probationary</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro*ba"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to probation; serving for trial.</def>

<blockquote>To consider this life . . . as a <b>probationary</b> state.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Probationer</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro*ba"tion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is undergoing probation; one who is on trial; a novice.</def>

<blockquote>While yet a young <b>probationer</b>,
And candidate of heaven.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A student in divinity, who, having received certificates of good morals and qualifications from his university, is admitted to several trials by a presbytery, and, on acquitting himself well, is licensed to preach.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Probationership</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro*ba"tion*er*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a probationer; novitiate.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Probationship</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro*ba"tion*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A state of probation.</def>

<h1>Probative</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro"ba*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>probativus</ets>: cf. F.<ets>probatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving for trial or proof; probationary; <as>as, <ex>probative</ex> judgments; <ex>probative</ex> evidence.</as></def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Probator</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro*ba"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An examiner; an approver.</def>

<i>Maydman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>One who, when indicted for crime, confessed it, and accused others, his accomplices, in order to obtain pardon; a state's evidence.</def>

<h1>Probatory</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro"ba*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>probatoire</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Serving for trial; probationary.</def>

<i>Abp. Bramhall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or serving for, proof.</def>

<i> Jer. Taylor.</i>

<cs><col>Probatory term</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a time for taking testimony.</cd></cs>

<h1>Probe</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Probe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Probed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Probing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>probare</ets> to try, examine. See <er>Prove</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To examine, as a wound, an ulcer, or some cavity of the body, with a probe.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: to search to the bottom; to scrutinize or examine thoroughly.</def>

<i> Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>The growing disposition to <b>probe</b> the legality of all acts, of the crown.
<i>Hallam.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Probe</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Probe</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument for examining the depth or other circumstances of a wound, ulcer, or cavity, or the direction of a sinus, of for exploring for bullets, for stones in the bladder, etc.</def>

<i>Parr.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Probe</col>, &or; <col>Probe-pointed</col>, <col>scissors</col></mcol> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>scissors used to open wounds, the blade of which, to be thrust into the orifice, has a button at the end.</cd></cs>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Probeagle</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro"bea`gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Porbeagle</er>.</def>

<h1>Probe-pointed</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Probe"-point`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Having a blunt or button-shaped extremity; -- said of cutting instruments.</def>

<h1>Probity</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Prob"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>probit\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>probitas</ets>, fr. <ets>probus</ets> good, proper, honest. Cf. <er>Prove</er>.]</ety> <def>Tried virtue or integrity; approved moral excellence; honesty; rectitude; uprightness.</def> "<i>Probity</i> of mind."

<i>Pope.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Probity</er>, <er>Integrity</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Probity</i> denotes unimpeachable honesty and virtue, shown especially by the performance of those obligations, called <i>imperfect</i>, which the laws of the state do not reach, and can not enforce. <i>Integrity</i> denotes a <i>whole</i>-hearted honesty, and especially that which excludes all injustice that might favor one's self. It has a peculiar reference to uprightness in mutual dealings, transfer of property, and the execution of trusts for others.</usage>

<h1>Problem</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Prob"lem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>probl\'8ame</ets>, L. <ets>problema</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ anything thrown forward, a question proposed for solution, fr. <?/ to throw or lay before; <?/ before, forward + <?/ to throw. Cf. <er>Parable</er>. ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A question proposed for solution; a matter stated for examination or proof; hence, a matter difficult of solution or settlement; a doubtful case; a question involving doubt.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Anything which is required to be done; as, in geometry, to bisect a line, to draw a perpendicular; or, in algebra, to find an unknown quantity.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Problem</i> differs from <i>theorem</i> in this, that a problem is something to be done, as to bisect a triangle, to describe a circle, etc.; a theorem is something to be proved, as that all the angles of a triangle are equal to two right angles.</note>

<cs><col>Plane problem</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a problem that can be solved by the use of the rule and compass.</cd> -- <col>Solid problem</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a problem requiring in its geometric solution the use of a conic section or higher curve.</cd></cs>

<h1>Problematic, Problematical</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw><hw>Prob`lem*at"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Prob`lem*at"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>problematicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>probl\'82matique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the nature of a problem; not shown in fact; questionable; uncertain; unsettled; doubtful.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Prob`lem*at"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Diligent inquiries into remote and <b>problematical</b> guilt leave a gate wide open to . . . informers.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Problematist</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Prob"lem*a*tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who proposes problems.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Problematize</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Prob"lem*a*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To propose problems.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Hear him <i>problematize</i>."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Proboscidate</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro*bos"ci*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Proboscis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a proboscis; proboscidial.</def>

<h1>Proboscidea</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro`bos*cid"e*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Proboscis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of large mammal<?/ including the elephants and mastodons.</def>

<h1>Proboscidean</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro`bos*cid"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Proboscidian.</def>

<h1>Proboscidial</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro`bos*cid"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Proboscidate.</def>

<h1>Proboscidian</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro`bos*cid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Proboscidea.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Proboscidea.</def></def2>

<h1>Proboscidifera</h1>
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<hw>Pro*bos`ci*dif"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Proboscis</er>, and <er>-ferous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive division of pectinibranchiate gastropods, including those that have a long retractile proboscis, with the mouth at the end, as the cones, whelks, tritons, and cowries. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Gastropoda</er>, and of <er>Winkle</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A subdivision of the t\'91nioglossate gastropods, including the fig-shells (<spn>Pyrula</spn>), the helmet shells (<spn>Cassis</spn>), the tritons, and allied genera.</def>

<h1>Proboscidiform</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro`bos*cid"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the form or uses of a proboscis; <as>as, a <ex>proboscidiform</ex> mouth</as>.</def>

<h1>Proboscis</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro*bos"cis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Proboscides</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ before + <?/ to feed, graze.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hollow organ or tube attached to the head, or connected with the mouth, of various animals, and generally used in taking food or drink; a snout; a trunk.</def>

<note>&hand; The proboscis of an elephant is a flexible muscular elongation of the nose. The proboscis of insects is usually a chitinous tube formed by the modified maxill\'91, or by the labium. See <i>Illusts</i>. of <er>Hemiptera</er> and <er>Lepidoptera</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>By extension, applied to various tubelike mouth organs of the lower animals that can be everted or protruded.</def>

<note>&hand; The proboscis of annelids and of mollusks is usually a portion of the pharynx that can be everted or protruded. That of nemerteans is a special long internal organ, not connected with the mouth, and not used in feeding, but capable of being protruded from a pore in the head. See <i>Illust</i>. in Appendix.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The nose.</def> <mark>[Jocose]</mark>

<cs><col>Proboscis monkey</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Kahau</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Procacious</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro*ca"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>procax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, fr. <ets>procare</ets> to ask, demand.]</ety> <def>Pert; petulant; forward; saucy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Procacity</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro*cac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>procacitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Forwardness; pertness; petulance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Procambium</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro*cam"bi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pro-</er>, and <er>Cambium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The young tissue of a fibrovascular bundle before its component cells have begun to be differentiated.</def>

<i>Sachs.</i>

<h1>Procatarctic</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro`cat*arc"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ beginning beforehand. fr. <?/ to begin first; <?/ before + <?/ to begin; <?/ intens. + <?/ to begin: cf. F. <ets>procatarctique</ets>. ]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Beginning; predisposing; exciting; initial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; The words <i>procatarctic causes</i> have been used with different significations. Thus they have been employed synonymously with <i>prime causes</i>, <i>exciting causes</i>, and <i>predisposing</i> or <i>remote causes</i>.</note>

<blockquote>The physician inquires into the <b>procatarctic</b> causes.
<i>Harvey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Procatarxis</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro`cat*arx"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ first beginning.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The kindling of a disease into action; also, the procatarctic cause.</def>

<i>Quincy.</i>

<h1>Procedendo</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro`ce*den"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abl. of the gerundive of L. <ets>procedere</ets>. see <er>Proceed</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A writ by which a cause which has been removed on insufficient grounds from an inferior to a superior court by <i>certiorari</i>, or otherwise, is sent down again to the same court, <i>to be proceeded in</i> there.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In English practice, a writ issuing out of chancery in cases where the judges of subordinate courts delay giving judgment, commanding them to proceed to judgment.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A writ by which the commission of the justice of the peace is revived, after having been suspended.</def>

<i>Tomlins. Burrill.</i>

<h1>Procedure</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro*ce"dure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>proc\'82dure</ets>. See <er>Proceed</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or manner of proceeding or moving forward; progress; process; operation; conduct</def>. "The true <i>procedure</i> of conscience."

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A step taken; an act performed; a proceeding; the steps taken in an action or other legal proceeding.</def> "Gracious <i>procedures</i>."

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which results; issue; product.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Proceed</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro*ceed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Proceeded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Proceeding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>proc\'82der</ets>. fr. L. <ets>procedere</ets>, <ets>processum</ets>, to go before, to proceed; <ets>pro</ets> forward + <ets>cedere</ets> to move. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To move, pass, or go forward or onward; to advance; to continue or renew motion begun; <as>as, to <ex>proceed</ex> on a journey</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If thou <b>proceed</b> in this thy insolence.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pass from one point, topic, or stage, to another; <as>as, to <ex>proceed</ex> with a story or argument</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To issue or come forth as from a source or origin; to come from; <as>as, light <ex>proceeds</ex> from the sun</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>proceeded</b> forth and came from God.
<i>John viii. 42.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It <b>proceeds</b> from policy, not love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To go on in an orderly or regulated manner; to begin and carry on a series of acts or measures; to act by method; to prosecute a design.</def>

<blockquote>He that <b>proceeds</b> upon other principles in his inquiry.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To be transacted; to take place; to occur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He will, after his sour fashion, tell you
What hath <b>proceeded</b> worthy note to-day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To have application or effect; to operate.</def>

<blockquote>This rule only <b>proceeds</b> and takes place when a person can not of common law condemn another by his sentence.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To begin and carry on a legal process.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To advance; go on; continue; progress; issue; arise; emanate.</syn>

<h1>Proceed</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro"ceed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Proceeds</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Proceeder</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro*ceed"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who proceeds.</def>

<h1>Proceeding</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro*ceed"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who proceeds, or who prosecutes a design or transaction; progress or movement from one thing to another; a measure or step taken in a course of business; a transaction; <as>as, an illegal <ex>proceeding</ex>; a cautious or a violent <ex>proceeding</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>proceedings</b> of the high commission.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The course of procedure in the prosecution of an action at law.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><col>Proceedings of a society</col>, <cd>the published record of its action, or of things done at its meetings.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Procedure; measure; step, See <er>Transaction</er>.</syn>

<h1>Proceeds</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro"ceeds</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>That which comes forth or results; effect; yield; issue; product; sum accruing from a sale, etc.</def>

<h1>Proceleusmatic</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Proc`e*leus*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proceleusmaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to rouse to action beforehand; <?/ + <?/ to incite; cf. F. <ets>proc\'82leusmatique</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Inciting; animating; encouraging.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Consisting of four short syllables; composed of feet of four short syllables each.</def>

<h1>Proceleusmatic</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Proc`e*leus*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A foot consisting of four short syllables.</def>

<h1>Procellarian</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro`cel*la"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>procella</ets> a storm.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a family of oceanic birds (<spn>Procellarid\'91</spn>)  including the petrels, fulmars, and shearwaters. They are often seen in great abundance in stormy weather.</def>

<h1>Procellous</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro*cel"lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>procellosus</ets>, fr. <ets>procella</ets> a storm.]</ety> <def>Stormy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Procephalic</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro`ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + <ets>cephalic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or forming, the front of the head.</def>

<cs><col>Procephalic lobe</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>that part of the head of an invertebrate animal which is in front of the mouth.</cd></cs>

<h1>Proception</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + L. <ets>capere</ets> to take.]</ety> <def>Preoccupation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Eikon Basilik<?/.</i>

<h1>Procere</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro*cere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>procerus</ets> tall.]</ety> <def>Of high stature; tall.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Procerebrum</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro*cer"e*brum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + <ets>cerebrum</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The prosencephalon.</def>

<h1>Proceres</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Proc"e*res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>procer</ets> <?/ chief.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of large birds; the Ratit\'91; -- called also <altname><spn>Proceri</spn></altname>.</def>

<h1>Procerite</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Proc"er*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ <?/ horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The segment next to the flagellum of the antenn\'91 of Crustacea.</def>

<h1>Procerity</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Pro*cer"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proceritas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Height of stature; tallness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Process</h1>
<Xpage=1141>

<hw>Proc"ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>proc\'8as</ets>, L. <ets>processus</ets>. See <er>Proceed</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of proceeding; continued forward movement; procedure; progress; advance.</def> "Long <i>process</i> of time."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The thoughts of men are widened with the <b>process</b> of the suns.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote><-- = advance of time? -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A series of actions, motions, or occurrences; progressive act or transaction; continuous operation; normal or actual course or procedure; regular proceeding; <as>as, the <ex>process</ex> of vegetation or decomposition; a chemical <ex>process</ex>; <ex>processes</ex> of nature.</as></def>

<blockquote>Tell her the <b>process</b> of Antonio's end.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A statement of events; a narrative.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anat. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any marked prominence or projecting part, especially of a bone; anapophysis.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The whole course of proceedings in a cause real or personal, civil or criminal, from the beginning to the end of the suit; strictly, the means used for bringing the defendant into court to answer to the action; -- a generic term for writs of the class called <i>judicial</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Deacon's process</col> <ety>[from H. <ets>Deacon<ets>, who introduced it]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a method of obtaining chlorine gas by passing hydrochloric acid gas over heated slag which has been previously saturated with a solution of some metallic salt, as sulphate of copper.</cd> -- <col>Final process</col> <fld>(Practice)</fld>, <cd>a writ of execution in an action at law. <i>Burrill</i>.</cd> -- <col>In process</col>, <cd>in the condition of advance, accomplishment, transaction, or the like; begun, and not completed.</cd> -- <col>Jury process</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the process by which a jury is summoned in a cause, and by which their attendance is enforced. <i>Burrill</i>.</cd> -- <col>Leblanc's process</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the process of manufacturing soda by treating salt with sulphuric acid, reducing the sodium sulphate so formed to sodium sulphide by roasting with charcoal, and converting the sodium sulphide to sodium carbonate by roasting with lime.</cd> -- <col>Mesne process</col>. <cd>See under <er>Mesne</er>.</cd> -- <col>Process milling</col>, <cd>the process of high milling for grinding flour. See under <er>Milling</er>.</cd> -- <col>Reversible process</col> <fld>(Thermodynamics)</fld>, <cd>any process consisting of a cycle of operations such that the different operations of the cycle can be performed in reverse order with a reversal of their effects.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="1142">
Page 1142<p>

<h1>Procession</h1>
<Xpage=1142>

<hw>Pro*ces"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>processio</ets>. See <er>Proceed</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of proceeding, moving on, advancing, or issuing; regular, orderly, or ceremonious progress; continuous course.</def>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<blockquote>That the <b>procession</b> of their life might be
<blockquote>More equable, majestic, pure, and free.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is moving onward in an orderly, stately, or solemn manner; a train of persons advancing in order; a ceremonious train; a retinue; <as>as, a <ex>procession</ex> of mourners; the Lord Mayor's <ex>procession</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Here comes the townsmen on <b>procession</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An orderly and ceremonial progress of persons, either from the sacristy to the choir, or from the choir around the church, within or without.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An old term for litanies which were said in procession and not kneeling.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<cs><col>Procession of the Holy Ghost</col>, <cd>a theological term applied to the relation of the Holy Spirit to the Father and the Son, the Eastern Church affirming that the Spirit proceeds from the Father only, and the Western Church that the Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son. <i>Shipley</i>.</cd> -- <col>Procession week</col>, <cd>a name for Rogation week, when processions were made; Cross-week. <i>Shipley</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Procession</h1>
<Xpage=1142>

<hw>Pro*ces"sion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To ascertain, mark, and establish the boundary lines of, as lands.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S. (North Carolina and Tennessee).]</mark> "To <i>procession</i> the lands of such persons as desire it."

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Procession</h1>
<Xpage=1142>

<hw>Pro*ces"sion</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To march in procession.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Procession</h1>
<Xpage=1142>

<hw>Pro*ces"sion</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To honor with a procession.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Processional</h1>
<Xpage=1142>

<hw>Pro*ces"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a procession; consisting in a procession.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>processional</b> services became more frequent.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Processional</h1>
<Xpage=1142>

<hw>Pro*ces"sion*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>processionnal</ets>, LL. <ets>processionale</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A service book relating to ecclesiastical processions.</def>

<i>J. Gregory.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hymn, or other selection, sung during a church procession; <as>as, the <ex>processional</ex> was the 202d hymn</as>.</def>

<h1>Processionalist</h1>
<Xpage=1142>

<hw>Pro*ces"sion*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who goes or marches in a procession.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Processionary</h1>
<Xpage=1142>

<hw>Pro*ces"sion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>processionarius</ets>, F. <ets>processionnaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a procession; consisting in processions; <as>as, <ex>processionary</ex> service</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Processionary moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any moth of the genus <spn>Cnethocampa</spn>, especially <spn>C. processionea</spn> of Europe, whose larv\'91 make large webs on oak trees, and go out to feed in regular order. They are covered with stinging hairs.</cd></cs>

<h1>Processioner</h1>
<Xpage=1142>

<hw>Pro*ces"sion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who takes part in a procession.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A manual of processions; a processional.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An officer appointed to procession lands.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S. (North Carolina and Tennessee).]</mark>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Processioning</h1>
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<hw>Pro*ces"sion*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A proceeding prescribed by statute for ascertaining and fixing the boundaries of land. See 2d <er>Procession</er>.</def> <mark>[ Local, U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Processive</h1>
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<hw>Pro*ces"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Proceeding; advancing.</def>

<blockquote>Because it is language, -- ergo, <b>processive</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<-- (Biochemistry) acting from one end of a polymer, and continuing to act on the same polymer, rather than detaching and re-binding randomly to other molecules.  Said of polymerases or hydrolytic enzymes.  Opposed to "distributive".  Colloquially, (laboratory slang)  processive and distributive enzymes may be referred to as "clingers" and "hoppers", respectively. -->

<h1>Proc\'8as verbal</h1>
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<hw>Pro`c\'8as" ver`bal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[ F.]</ety> <fld>(French Law)</fld> <def>An authentic minute of an official act, or statement of facts.</def>

<h1>Prochein</h1>
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<hw>Pro"chein</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>prochain</ets>, fr. L. (assumed) <ets>proximanus</ets>, fr. <ets>proximus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Next; nearest.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Prochein ami</col> &or; <col>amy</col></mcol> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the next friend. See under <er>Next</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prochordal</h1>
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<hw>Pro*chor"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro + chordal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated in front of the notochord; -- applied especially to parts of the cartilaginous rudiments in the base of the skull.</def>

<h1>Prochronism</h1>
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<hw>Pro"chro*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ preceding in time; <?/ before + <?/ time: cf. F. <ets>prochronisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The dating of an event before the time it happened; an antedating; -- opposed to <ant>metachronism</ant>.</def>

<h1>Prochronize</h1>
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<hw>Pro"chro*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To antedate.</def>

<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i>

<h1>Procidence, Procidentia</h1>
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<hw><hw>Proc"i*dence</hw>, <hw>Proc*i*den"ti*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>procidentia</ets>, fr. <ets>procidens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>procidere</ets> to fall down forward.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A falling down; a prolapsus.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Parr.</i>

<h1>Prociduous</h1>
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<hw>Pro*cid"u*ous</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[ L. <ets>prociduus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Falling from its proper place.</def>

<h1>Procinct</h1>
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<hw>Pro*cinct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>procinctus</ets>, fr. <ets>procingere</ets>, <ets>procinctum</ets>, to gird up.]</ety> <def>A state of complete readiness for action.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "War in <i>procinct</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Proclaim</h1>
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<hw>Pro*claim"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Proclaimed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Proclaiming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>proclamen</ets>, L. <ets>proclamare</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> before, forward + <ets>clamare</ets> to call or cry out: cf. F. <ets>proclamer</ets>. See <er>Claim</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make known by public announcement; to give wide publicity to; to publish abroad; to promulgate; to declare; <as>as, to <ex>proclaim</ex> war or peace</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>proclaim</b> liberty to the captives.
<i>Isa. lxi. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For the apparel oft <b>proclaims</b> the man.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Throughout the host <b>proclaim</b>
A solemn council forthwith to be held.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To outlaw by public proclamation.</def>

<blockquote>I heard myself <b>proclaimed</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To publish; promulgate; declare; announce.  See <er>Announce</er>.</syn>

<h1>Proclaimer</h1>
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<hw>Pro*claim"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who proclaims.</def>

<h1>Proclamation</h1>
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<hw>Proc`la*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>proclamation</ets>, L. <ets>proclamatio</ets>. See <er>Proclaim</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of proclaiming; official or general notice; publication.</def>

<blockquote>King Asa made a <b>proclamation</b> throughout all Judah; none was exempted.
<i>1 Kings xv. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is proclaimed, publicly announced, or officially declared; a published ordinance; <as>as, the <ex>proclamation</ex> of a king; a Thanksgiving <ex>proclamation</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Proclitic</h1>
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<hw>Pro*clit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to lean forward; <?/ forward + <?/ to lean or incline. Cf. <er>Enclitic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Gram.)</fld> <def>Leaning forward; -- said of certain monosyllabic words which are so closely attached to the following word as not to have a separate accent.</def>

<h1>Proclive</h1>
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<hw>Pro*clive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proclivis</ets> sloping, inclined; <ets>pro</ets> forward + <ets>clivus</ets> hill: cf. F. <ets>proclive</ets>. See <er>Declivity</er>, and cf. <er>Proclivous</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a tendency by nature; prone; proclivous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Proclivity</h1>
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<hw>Pro*cliv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proclivitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>proclivit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclination; propensity; proneness; tendency.</def> "A <i>proclivity</i> to steal."

<i>Abp. Bramhall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Readiness; facility; aptitude.</def>

<blockquote>He had such a dexterous <b>proclivity</b> as his teachers were fain to restrain his forwardness.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Proclivous</h1>
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<hw>Pro*cli"vous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proclivus</ets>. See <er>Proclive</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Inclined; tending by nature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the incisor teeth directed forward.</def>

<h1>Proc\'d2le</h1>
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<hw>Pro*c\'d2le"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro</ets> + Gr. <?/ hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A lateral cavity of the prosencephalon; a lateral ventricle of the brain.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Proc\'d2lia</h1>
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<hw>Pro*c\'d2"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Proc\'d2li\'91</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[ NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Proc\'d2le</er>.</def>

<h1>Proc\'d2lia</h1>
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<hw>Pro*c\'d2"li*a</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Crocodilia, including the true crocodiles and alligators, in which the dorsal vertebr\'91 are concave in front.</def>

<h1>Proc\'d2lian</h1>
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<hw>Pro*c\'d2"li*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Proc\'d2le</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Concave in front; <as>as, <ex>proc\'d2lian</ex> vertebr\'91, which have the anterior end of the centra concave and the posterior convex</as>.</def>

<h1>Proc\'d2lian</h1>
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<hw>Pro*c\'d2"li*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A reptile having proc\'d2lian vertebr\'91; one of the Proc\'d2lia.</def>

<h1>Proc\'d2lous</h1>
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<hw>Pro*c\'d2"lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Same as <er>Proc\'d2lian</er>.</def>

<h1>Proconsul</h1>
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<hw>Pro*con"sul</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>pro</ets> for + <ets>consul</ets> consul.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An officer who discharged the duties of a consul without being himself consul; a governor of, or a military commander in, a province. He was usually one who had previously been consul.</def>

<h1>Proconsular, Proconsulary</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pro*con"su*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pro*con"su*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proconsularis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>proconsulaire</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining of a proconsul; <as>as, <ex>proconsular</ex> powers</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Under the government of a proconsul; <as>as, a <ex>proconsular</ex> province</as>.</def>

<h1>Proconsulate</h1>
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<hw>Pro*con"su*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proconsulatus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>proconsulat</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office jurisdiction of a proconsul, or the term of his office.</def>

<h1>Proconsulship</h1>
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<hw>Pro*con"sul*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Proconsulate.</def>

<h1>Procrastinate</h1>
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<hw>Pro*cras"ti*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Procrastinated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Procrastinating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>procrastinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>procrastinare</ets> to procrastinate; <ets>pro</ets> forward + <ets>crastinus</ets> of to-morrow, fr. <ets>cras</ets> to-morrow.]</ety> <def>To put off till to-morrow, or from day to day; to defer; to postpone; to delay; <as>as, to <ex>procrastinate</ex> repentance</as>.</def>

<i> Dr. H. More.</i>

<blockquote>Hopeless and helpless \'92geon wend,
But to <b>procrastinate</b> his lifeless end.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To postpone; adjourn; defer; delay; retard; protract; prolong.</syn>

<h1>Procrastinate</h1>
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<hw>Pro*cras"ti*nate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To delay; to be dilatory.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>procrastinate</b> more than I did twenty years ago.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Procrastination</h1>
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<hw>Pro*cras`ti*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>procrastinatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>procrastination</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or habit of procrastinating, or putting off to a future time; delay; dilatoriness.</def>

<blockquote><b>Procrastination</b> is the thief of time.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Procrastinator</h1>
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<hw>Pro*cras"ti*na`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who procrastinates, or defers the performance of anything.</def>

<h1>Procrastinatory</h1>
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<hw>Pro*cras"ti*na*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to procrastination; dilatory.</def>

<h1>Procrastine</h1>
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<hw>Pro*cras"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To procrastinate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Procreant</h1>
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<hw>Pro"cre*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>procreans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>procreare</ets>. See <er>Procreate</er>.]</ety> <def>Generating; producing; productive; fruitful; assisting in procreation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "His pendent bed and <i>procreant</i> cradle."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Procreant</h1>
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<hw>Pro"cre*ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, procreates.</def>

<h1>Procreate</h1>
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<hw>Pro"cre*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Procreated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Procreating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>procreatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>procreare</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> forward, forth + <ets>create</ets> to create.]</ety> <def>To generate and produce; to beget; to engender.</def>

<h1>Procreation</h1>
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<hw>Pro`cre*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>procr\'82ation</ets>, L, <ets>procreatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of begetting; generation and production of young.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Procreative</h1>
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<hw>Pro"cre*a`tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the power to beget; generative.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Procreativeness</h1>
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<hw>Pro"cre*a`tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The power of generating.</def>

<h1>Procreator</h1>
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<hw>Pro"cre*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who begets; a father or sire; a generator.</def>

<h1>Procris</h1>
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<hw>Pro"cris</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the wife of Cephalus, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of small moths of the genus <spn>Procris</spn>. The larv\'91 of some species injure the grapevine by feeding in groups upon the leaves.</def>

<h1>Procrustean</h1>
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<hw>Pro*crus"te*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to <i>Procrustes</i>, or the mode of torture practiced by him; producing conformity by violent means; <as>as, the <ex>Procrustean</ex> treatment; a <ex>Procrustean</ex> limit. See <er>Procrustes</er>.</as></def>

<h1>Procrusteanize</h1>
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<hw>Pro*crus"te*an*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Procrusteanized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Procrusteanizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To stretch or contract according to some rule or standard.</def>

<h1>Procrustes</h1>
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<hw>Pro*crus"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to beat out, to stretch; <?/ forward + <?/ to strike.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A celebrated legendary highwayman of Attica, who tied his victims upon an iron bed, and, as the case required, either stretched or cut of their legs to adapt them to its length; -- whence the metaphorical phrase, <i>the bed of Procrustes</i>.</def>

<h1>Procrustesian</h1>
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<hw>Pro`crus*te"si*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Procrustean</er>.</def>

<h1>Proctitis</h1>
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<hw>Proc*ti"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ anus + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the rectum.</def>

<h1>Proctocele</h1>
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<hw>Proc"to*cele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ anus + <?/ tumor.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inversion and prolapse of the mucous coat of the rectum, from relaxation of the sphincter, with more or less swelling; prolapsus ani.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Proctod\'91um</h1>
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<hw>Proc`to*d\'91"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the anus + <?/ to divide.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Mesenteron</er>.</def>

<h1>Proctor</h1>
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<hw>Proc"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>proketour</ets>, contr. fr. <ets>procurator</ets>. See <er>Procurator</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is employed to manage to affairs of another.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A person appointed to collect alms for those who could not go out to beg for themselves, as lepers, the bedridden, etc.; hence a beggar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Nares</i>.  <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>An officer employed in admiralty and ecclesiastical causes. He answers to an <i>attorney</i> at common law, or to a <i>solicitor</i> in equity.</def> <i>Wharton</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Ch. of Eng.)</fld> <def>A representative of the clergy in convocation</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>An officer in a university or college whose duty it is to enforce obedience to the laws of the institution.</def>

<-- hall proctor.  a proctor(d) who maintains order within the hallways of a school, esp. during a shange of class.  THe post is often occupied by a student -->

<h1>Proctor</h1>
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<hw>Proc"tor</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To act as a proctor toward; to manage as an attorney or agent.</def>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Proctorage</h1>
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<hw>Proc"tor*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Management by a proctor, or as by a proctor; hence, control; superintendence; -- in contempt.</def> "The fogging <i>proctorage</i> of money."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Proctorial</h1>
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<hw>Proc*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a proctor, esp. an academic proctor; magisterial.</def>

<h1>Proctorical</h1>
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<hw>Proc*tor"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Proctorial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Proctorship</h1>
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<hw>Proc"tor*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or dignity of a proctor; also, the term of his office.</def>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<h1>Proctotomy</h1>
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<hw>Proc*tot"o*my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ anus + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An incision into the rectum, as for the division of a stricture.</def>

<h1>Proctucha</h1>
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<hw>Proc"tu*cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ anus + <?/ to have.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A division of Turbellaria including those that have an intestine terminating posteriorly.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The Nemertina.</def>

<h1>Procumbent</h1>
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<hw>Pro*cum"bent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>procumbens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>procumbere</ets> to fall, bend, or lean forward; <ets>pro</ets> forward + <ets>cumbere</ets> (in comp.), akin to <ets>cubare</ets> to lie down: cf. F. <ets>procombant</ets>. Cf. <er>Incumbent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Lying down, or on the face; prone.</def> " <i>Procumbent</i> each obeyed."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Lying on the ground, but without putting forth roots; trailing; prostrate; <as>as, a <ex>procumbent</ex> stem</as>.</def>

<h1>Procurable</h1>
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<hw>Pro*cur"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being procured; obtainable.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Procuracy</h1>
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<hw>Proc"u*ra*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Procuracies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>procuratia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>procuratie</ets>. See <er>Procuration</er>, and cf,. <er>Proxy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The office or act of a proctor or procurator; management for another.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Authority to act for another; a proxy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Procuration</h1>
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<hw>Proc`u*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>procuratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>procuration</ets>. See <er>Procure</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of procuring; procurement.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The management of another's affairs.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The instrument by which a person is empowered to transact the affairs of another; a proxy.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Ch. of Eng.)</fld> <def>A sum of money paid formerly to the bishop or archdeacon, now to the ecclesiastical commissioners, by an incumbent, as a commutation for entertainment at the time of visitation; -- called also <altname>proxy</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Procuration money</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>money paid for procuring a loan.</cd> <i>Blackstone.</i></cs>

<h1>Procurator</h1>
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<hw>Proc"u*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>procurateur</ets>. See <er>Procure</er>, and cf. <er>Proctor</er>. ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who manages another's affairs, either generally or in a special matter; an agent; a proctor.</def>

<i>Chaucer. Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A governor of a province under the emperors; also, one who had charge of the imperial revenues in a province; <as>as, the <ex>procurator</ex> of Judea</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Procurator fiscal</col> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>, <cd>public prosecutor, or district attorney.</cd></cs>

<h1>Procuratorial</h1>
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<hw>Proc`u*ra*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a procurator, or proctor; made by a proctor.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Procuratorship</h1>
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<hw>Proc"u*ra`tor*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or term of a procurator.</def>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Procuratory</h1>
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<hw>Pro*cu"ra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>procuratorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to, or authorizing, procuration.</def>

<h1>Procure</h1>
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<hw>Pro*cure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Procured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Procuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>procurer</ets>, L. <ets>procurare</ets>, <ets>procuratum</ets>, to take care of; <ets>pro</ets> for + <ets>curare</ets> to take care, fr. <ets>cura</ets> care. See <er>Cure</er>, and cf. <er>Proctor</er>, <er>Proxy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring into possession; to cause to accrue to, or to come into possession of; to acquire or provide for one's self or for another; to gain; to get; to obtain by any means, as by purchase or loan.</def>

<blockquote>If we <b>procure</b> not to ourselves more woe.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To contrive; to bring about; to effect; to cause.</def>

<blockquote>By all means possible they <b>procure</b> to have gold and silver among them in reproach.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia) .</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Proceed, Solinus, to <b>procure</b> my fall.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To solicit; to entreat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The famous Briton prince and faery knight, . . .
Of the fair Alma greatly were <b>procured</b>
To make there longer sojourn and abode.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
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Page 1143<p>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cause to come; to bring; to attract.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What unaccustomed cause <b>procures</b> her hither?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To obtain for illicit intercourse or prostitution.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Attain</er>.</syn>

<h1>Procure</h1>
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<hw>Pro*cure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To pimp.</def>

<i> Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To manage business for another in court.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Procurement</h1>
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<hw>Pro*cure"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of procuring or obtaining; obtainment; attainment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Efficient contrivance; management; agency.</def>

<blockquote>They think it done
By her <b>procurement</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Procurer</h1>
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<hw>Pro*cur"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>procureur</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who procures, or obtains; one who, or that which, brings on, or causes to be done, esp. by corrupt means.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who procures the gratification of lust for another; a pimp; a pander.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Procuress</h1>
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<hw>Pro*cur"ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female procurer, or pander.</def>

<h1>Procyon</h1>
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<hw>Pro"cy*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a constellation which rises before the Dog Star, Gr. <?/; <?/ before + <?/ a dog. ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>a star of the first magnitude in the constellation <i>Canis Minor</i>, or the Little Dog.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of mammals including the raccoon.</def>

<h1>Prod</h1>
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<hw>Prod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gael. & Ir. <ets>brod</ets> goad, prickle, sting, and E. <ets>brad</ets>, also W. <ets>procio</ets> to poke, thrust.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A pointed instrument for pricking or puncturing, as a goad, an awl, a skewer, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A prick or stab which a pointed instrument.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A light kind of crossbow; -- in the sense, often spelled <i>prodd</i>.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Prod</h1>
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<hw>Prod</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prodded</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prodding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To thrust some pointed instrument into; to prick with something sharp; <as>as, to <ex>prod</ex> a soldier with a bayonet; to <ex>prod</ex> oxen</as>; hence, to goad, to incite, to worry; <as>as, to <ex>prod</ex> a student</as>.</def>

<i> H. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Prodd</h1>
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<hw>Prodd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A crossbow. See <er>Prod</er>, 3.</def>

<h1>Prodigal</h1>
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<hw>Prod"i*gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prodigus</ets>, from <ets>prodigere</ets> to drive forth, to squander away; <ets>pro</ets> forward, forth + <ets>agere</ets> to drive; cf. F. <ets>prodigue</ets>. See <er>Agent</er>. ]</ety> <def>Given to extravagant expenditure; expending money or other things without necessity; recklessly or viciously profuse; lavish; wasteful; not frugal or economical; <as>as, a <ex>prodigal</ex> man; the <ex>prodigal</ex> son; <ex>prodigal</ex> giving; <ex>prodigal</ex> expenses.</as></def>

<blockquote>In fighting fields [patriots]  were <b>prodigal</b> of blood.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Profuse; lavish; extravagant; squandering; wasteful. See <er>Profuse</er>.</syn>

<h1>Prodigal</h1>
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<hw>Prod"i*gal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who expends money extravagantly, viciously, or without necessity; one that is profuse or lavish in any expenditure; a waster; a spendthrift.</def> "Noble <i>prodigals</i> of life."

<i>Trench.</i>

<h1>Prodigality</h1>
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<hw>Prod`i*gal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>prodigalit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>prodigalitas</ets>. See <er>Prodigal</er>.]</ety> <def>Extravagance in expenditure, particularly of money; excessive liberality; profusion; waste; -- opposed to <i>frugality</i>, <i>economy</i>, and <i>parsimony</i>.</def>"The <i>prodigality</i> of his wit."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Prodigalize</h1>
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<hw>Prod"i*gal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act as a prodigal; to spend liberally.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Prodigalize</h1>
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<hw>Prod"i*gal*ize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To expend lavishly.</def>

<i> Ld. Lytton.</i>

<h1>Prodigally</h1>
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<hw>Prod"i*gal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a prodigal manner; with profusion of expense; extravagantly; wasteful; profusely; lavishly; <as>as, an estate <ex>prodigally</ex> dissipated</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Nature not bounteous now, but lavish grows;
Our paths with flowers she <b>prodigally</b> strows.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prodigate</h1>
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<hw>Prod"i*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To squander.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Prodigence</h1>
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<hw>Prod"i*gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prodigentia</ets>, fr. <ets>prodigens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>prodigere</ets>. See <er>Prodigal</er>. ]</ety> <def>Waste; profusion; prodigality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Prodigious</h1>
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<hw>Pro*di"gious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prodigiosus</ets>, fr. <ets>prodigium</ets> a prodigy; cf. F. <ets>prodigieux</ets>. See <er>Prodigy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of the nature of a prodigy; marvelous; wonderful; portentous.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>It is <b>prodigious</b> to have thunder in a clear sky.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Extraordinary in bulk, extent, quantity, or degree; very great; vast; huge; immense; <as>as, a <ex>prodigious</ex> mountain; a <ex>prodigious</ex> creature; a <ex>prodigious</ex> blunder.</as></def>  "<i>Prodigious</i> might."

<i>Milton.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Huge; enormous; monstrous; portentous; marvelous; amazing; astonishing; extraordinary.</syn>

<h1>Prodigiously</h1>
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<hw>Pro*di"gious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Enormously; wonderfully; astonishingly; <as>as, <ex>prodigiously</ex> great</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Very much; extremely; <as>as, he was <ex>prodigiously</ex> pleased</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Prodigiousness</h1>
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<hw>Pro*di"gious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being prodigious; the state of having qualities that excite wonder or astonishment; enormousness; vastness.</def>

<h1>Prodigy</h1>
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<hw>Prod"i*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Prodigies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[ L. <ets>prodigium</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> before + (perh.) a word appearing in <ets>adagium</ets> adage: cf. F. <ets>prodige</ets>. Cf. <er>Adage</er>. ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Something extraordinary, or out of the usual course of nature, from which omens are drawn; a portent; <as>as, eclipses and meteors were anciently deemed <ex>prodigies</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>So many terrors, voices, <b>prodigies</b>,
May warn thee, as a sure foregoing sign.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything so extraordinary as to excite wonder or astonishment; a marvel; <as>as, a <ex>prodigy</ex> of learning</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A production out of ordinary course of nature; an abnormal development; a monster.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Wonder; miracle; portent; marvel; monster.</syn>

<h1>Prodition</h1>
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<hw>Pro*di"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proditio</ets>, from <ets>prodere</ets> to give forth, betray: cf. OF. <ets>prodition</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disclosure; treachery; treason.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Proitor</h1>
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<hw>Pro"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A traitor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Proditorious</h1>
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<hw>Prod`i*to"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>proditoire</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Treacherous; perfidious; traitorous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Apt to make unexpected revelations.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Nature is <i>proditorious</i>."

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Proditory</h1>
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<hw>Prod"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Treacherous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Prodromal</h1>
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<hw>Prod"ro*mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to prodromes; <as>as, the <ex>prodromal</ex> stage of a disease</as>.</def>

<h1>Prodrome</h1>
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<hw>Pro"drome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ running before; <?/ before + <?/ to run: cf. F. <ets>prodrome</ets>.]</ety> <def>A forerunner; a precursor.</def>

<h1>Prodromous</h1>
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<hw>Prod"ro*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Precursory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Prodromus</h1>
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<hw>Prod"ro*mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A prodrome.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A preliminary course or publication; -- used esp. in the titles of elementary works.</def>

<h1>Produce</h1>
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<hw>Pro*duce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Produced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Producing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>producere</ets>, <ets>productum</ets>, to bring forward, beget, produce; <ets>pro</ets> forward, forth + <ets>ducere</ets> to lead. See <er>Duke</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring forward; to lead forth; to offer to view or notice; to exhibit; to show; <as>as, to <ex>produce</ex> a witness or evidence in court</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Produce</b> your cause, saith the Lord.
<i>Isa. xli. 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Your parents did not <b>produce</b> you much into the world.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring forth, as young, or as a natural product or growth; to give birth to; to bear; to generate; to propagate; to yield; to furnish; <as>as, the earth <ex>produces</ex> grass; trees <ex>produce</ex> fruit; the clouds <ex>produce</ex> rain.</as></def>

<blockquote>This soil <b>produces</b> all sorts of palm trees.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[They] <b>produce</b> prodigious births of body or mind.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The greatest jurist his country had <b>produced</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to be or to happen; to originate, as an effect or result; to bring about; <as>as, disease <ex>produces</ex> pain; vice <ex>produces</ex> misery.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give being or form to; to manufacture; to make; <as>as, a manufacturer <ex>produces</ex> excellent wares</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To yield or furnish; to gain; <as>as, money at interest <ex>produces</ex> an income; capital <ex>produces</ex> profit.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To draw out; to extend; to lengthen; to prolong; <as>as, to <ex>produce</ex> a man's life to threescore</as>.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>To extend; -- applied to a line, surface, or solid; <as>as, to <ex>produce</ex> a side of a triangle</as>.</def>

<h1>Produce</h1>
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<hw>Pro*duce"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To yield or furnish appropriate offspring, crops, effects, consequences, or results.</def>

<h1>Produce</h1>
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<hw>Prod"uce</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is produced, brought forth, or yielded; product; yield; proceeds; result of labor, especially of agricultural labors; hence, specifically, agricultural products.</def>

<h1>Producement</h1>
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<hw>Pro*duce"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Production.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Producent</h1>
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<hw>Pro*du"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>producens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>One who produces, or offers to notice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Producer</h1>
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<hw>Pro*du"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who produces, brings forth, or generates.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who grows agricultural products, or manufactures crude materials into articles of use.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Iron & Steel Manuf.)</fld> <def>A furnace for producing combustible gas which is used for fuel.</def>

<h1>Producibility</h1>
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<hw>Pro*du`ci*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being producible.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Producible</h1>
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<hw>Pro*du"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being produced, brought forward, brought forth, generated, made, or extended.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pro*du"ci*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Product</h1>
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<hw>Prod"uct</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>productus</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>producere</ets>. See <er>Produce</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything that is produced, whether as the result of generation, growth, labor, or thought, or by the operation of involuntary causes; <as>as, the <ex>products</ex> of the season, or of the farm; the <ex>products</ex> of manufactures; the <ex>products</ex> of the brain.</as></def>

<blockquote>There are the <b>product</b>
Of those ill-mated marriages.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These institutions are the <b>products</b> of enthusiasm.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The number or sum obtained by adding one number or quantity to itself as many times as there are units in another number; the number resulting from the multiplication of two or more numbers; <as>as, the <ex>product</ex> of the multiplication of 7 by 5 is 35</as>. In general, the result of any kind of multiplication. See the Note under <er>Multiplication</er>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Produce; production; fruit; result; effect; consequence; outcome; work; performance.</syn>

<h1>Product</h1>
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<hw>Pro*duct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To produce; to bring forward.</def> "<i>Producted</i> to . . . examination." <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lengthen out; to extend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He that doth much . . . <b>products</b> his mortality.
<i>Hackett.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To produce; to make.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holinshed.</i>

<h1>Productibility</h1>
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<hw>Pro*duct`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being productible; producibility.</def>

<i>Ruskin.</i>

<h1>Productible</h1>
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<hw>Pro*duct"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>productible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being produced; producible.</def>

<h1>Productile</h1>
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<hw>Pro*duc"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>productilis</ets>, fr. <ets>producere</ets> to stretch out.]</ety> <def>Capable of being extended or prolonged; extensible; ductile.</def>

<h1>Production</h1>
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<hw>Pro*duc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>productio</ets> a lengthening, prolonging: cf. F. <ets>production</ets>. See <er>Produce</er>. ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process or producing, bringing forth, or exhibiting to view; <as>as, the <ex>production</ex> of commodities, of a witness</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is produced, yielded, or made, whether naturally, or by the application of intelligence and labor; <as>as, the <ex>productions</ex> of the earth; the <ex>productions</ex> of handicraft; the <ex>productions</ex> of intellect or genius.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of lengthening out or prolonging.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Product; produce; fruit; work; performance; composition.</syn>

<h1>Productive</h1>
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<hw>Pro*duc"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>productif</ets>, L. <ets>productivus</ets> fit for prolongation.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the quality or power of producing; yielding or furnishing results; <as>as, <ex>productive</ex> soil; <ex>productive</ex> enterprises; <ex>productive</ex> labor, that which increases the number or amount of products.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bringing into being; causing to exist; producing; originative; <as>as, an age <ex>productive</ex> of great men; a spirit <ex>productive</ex> of heroic achievements.</as></def>

<blockquote>And kindle with thy own <b>productive</b> fire.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This is turning nobility into a principle of virtue, and making it <b>productive</b> of merit.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Producing, or able to produce, in large measure; fertile; profitable.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pro*duc"tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pro*duc"tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Productivity</h1>
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<hw>Pro`duc*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being productive; productiveness.</def>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<blockquote>Not indeed as the product, but as the producing power, the <b>productivity</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Productress</h1>
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<hw>Pro*duc"tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female producer.</def>

<h1>Productus</h1>
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<hw>Pro*duc"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Product</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of brachiopods, very characteristic of the Carboniferous rocks.</def>

<h1>Proeguminal</h1>
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<hw>Pro`e*gu"mi*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, p. pr. of <?/ to lead the way: cf. F. <ets>pro\'82gum\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Serving to predispose; predisposing; <as>as, a <ex>proeguminal</ex> cause of disease</as>.</def>

<h1>Proem</h1>
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<hw>Pro"em</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prooemium</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ before + <?/ way, course or strain of a song: cf. F. <ets>pro\'8ame</ets>.]</ety> <def>Preface; introduction; preliminary observations; prelude.</def>

<blockquote>Thus much may serve by way of <b>proem</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Proem</h1>
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<hw>Pro"em</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To preface.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Proembryo</h1>
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<hw>Pro*em"bry*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + <ets>embryo</ets>. ]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The series of cells formed in the ovule of a flowering plant after fertilization, but before the formation of the embryo.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The primary growth from the spore in certain cryptogamous plants; <as>as, the <ex>proembryo</ex>, or protonema, of mosses</as>.</def>

<h1>Proemial</h1>
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<hw>Pro*e"mi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Introductory; prefatory; preliminary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Proemptosis</h1>
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<hw>Pro`emp*to"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ to fall in before; <?/ before + <?/ in + <?/ to fall.]</ety> <fld>(Chron.)</fld> <def>The addition of a day to the lunar calendar. <mark>[R.]</mark> See <er>Metemptosis</er>.</def>

<h1>Proface</h1>
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<hw>Pro"face</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>prou face</ets>, <ets>prou fasse</ets>; <ets>prou</ets> profit + <ets>faire</ets> to make, do.]</ety> <def>Much good may it do you! -- a familiar salutation or welcome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Master page, good master page, sit. <b>Proface</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Profanate</h1>
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<hw>Prof"a*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To profane.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Profanation</h1>
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<hw>Prof`a*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>profanatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>profanation</ets>. See <er>Profane</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of violating sacred things, or of treating them with contempt or irreverence; irreverent or too familiar treatment or use of what is sacred; desecration; <as>as, the <ex>profanation</ex> of the Sabbath; the <ex>profanation</ex> of a sanctuary; the <ex>profanation</ex> of the name of God.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of treating with abuse or disrespect, or with undue publicity, or lack of delicacy.</def>

<blockquote>'T were <b>profanation</b> of our joys
To tell the laity our love.
<i>Donne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Profane</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fane"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>profanus</ets>, properly, before the temple, i. e., without the temple, unholy; <ets>pro</ets> before + <ets>fanum</ets> temple. See 1st <er>Fane</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not sacred or holy; not possessing peculiar sanctity; unconsecrated; hence, relating to matters other than sacred; secular; -- opposed to <i>sacred</i>, <i>religious</i>, or <i>inspired</i>; <as>as, a <ex>profane</ex> place</as>.</def> "<i>Profane</i> authors."

<i>I. Disraeli.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>profane</b> wreath was suspended before the shrine.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Unclean; impure; polluted; unholy.</def>

<blockquote>Nothing is <b>profane</b> that serveth to holy things.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Treating sacred things with contempt, disrespect, irreverence, or undue familiarity; irreverent; impious. Hence, specifically; Irreverent in language; taking the name of God in vain; given to swearing; blasphemous; <as>as, a <ex>profane</ex> person, word, oath, or tongue</as>.</def> <i>1 Tim. i. 9.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Secular; temporal; worldly; unsanctified; unhallowed; unholy; irreligious; irreverent; ungodly; wicked; godless; impious. See <er>Impious</er>.</syn>

<h1>Profane</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fane"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Profaned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Profaning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>profanare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>profaner</ets>. See <er>Profane</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To violate, as anything sacred; to treat with abuse, irreverence, obloquy, or contempt; to desecrate; to pollute; <as>as, to <ex>profane</ex> the name of God; to <ex>profane</ex> the Scriptures, or the ordinance of God.</as></def>

<blockquote>The priests in the temple <b>profane</b> the sabbath.
<i>Matt. xii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put to a wrong or unworthy use; to make a base employment of; to debase; to abuse; to defile.</def>

<blockquote>So idly to <b>profane</b> the precious time.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Profanely</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fane"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a profane manner.</def>

<blockquote>The character of God <b>profanely</b> impeached.
<i>Dr. T. Dwight.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Profaneness</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fane"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being profane; especially, the use of profane language.</def>

<h1>Profaner</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fan"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who treats sacred things with irreverence, or defiles what is holy; one who uses profane language.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Profanity</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fan"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>profanitas</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being profane; profaneness; irreverence; esp., the use of profane language; blasphemy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is profane; profane language or acts.</def>

<blockquote>The brisk interchange of <b>profanity</b> and folly.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Profection</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Proficient</er>.]</ety> <def>A setting out; a going forward; advance; progression.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Profectitious</h1>
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<hw>Pro`fec*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>profectitius</ets>, fr. <ets>proficisci</ets> to set out, proceed.]</ety> <def>Proceeding from, as from a parent; derived, as from an ancestor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The threefold distinction of <b>profectitious</b>, adventitious, and professional was ascertained.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Profert</h1>
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<hw>Pro"fert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., he brings forward, 3d pers. pr. of <ets>proferre</ets>. See <er>Proffer</er>. ]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The exhibition or production of a record or paper in open court, or an allegation that it is in court.</def>

<h1>Profess</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fess"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Professed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Professing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>prof\'8as</ets>, masc., <ets>professe</ets>, fem., professed (monk or nun), L. <ets>professus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>profiteri</ets> to profess; <ets>pro</ets> before, forward + <ets>fateri</ets> to confess, own. See <er>Confess</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make open declaration of, as of one's knowledge, belief, action, etc.; to avow or acknowledge; to confess publicly; to own or admit freely.</def> "Hear me <i>profess</i> sincerely."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The best and wisest of them all <b>professed</b>
To know this only, that he nothing knew.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
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Page 1144<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To set up a claim to; to make presence to; hence, to put on or present an appearance of.</def>

<blockquote>I do <b>profess</b> to be no less than I seem.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To present to knowledge of, to proclaim one's self versed in; to make one's self a teacher or practitioner of, to set up as an authority respecting; to declare (one's self to be such); <as>as, he <ex>professes</ex> surgery; to <ex>profess</ex> one's self a physician.</as></def>

<h1>Profess</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fess"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take a profession upon one's self by a public declaration; to confess.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To declare friendship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Provessel</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vessel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Openly declared, avowed, acknowledged, or claimed; <as>as, a <ex>professed</ex> foe; a <ex>professed</ex> tyrant; a <ex>professed</ex> Christian.</as></def>

<cs><col>The professed</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <cd>, a certain class among the Jesuits bound by a special vow. See the note under <er>Jesuit</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Professedly</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fess"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By profession.</def>

<h1>Profession</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fes"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>professio</ets>.  See <er>Profess</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of professing or claiming; open declaration; public avowal or acknowledgment; <as>as, <ex>professions</ex> of friendship; a <ex>profession</ex> of faith.</as></def>

<blockquote>A solemn vow, promise, and <b>profession</b>.
<i>Bk. of Com. Prayer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which one professed; a declaration; an avowal; a claim; <as>as, his <ex>professions</ex> are insincere</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The Indians quickly perceive the coincidence or the contradiction between <b>professions</b> and conduct.
<i>J. Morse.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That of which one professed knowledge; the occupation, if not mechanical, agricultural, or the like, to which one devotes one's self; the business which one professes to understand, and to follow for subsistence; calling; vocation; employment; <as>as, the <ex>profession</ex> of arms; the <ex>profession</ex> of a clergyman, lawyer, or physician; the <ex>profession</ex> of lecturer on chemistry.</as></def>

<blockquote>Hi tried five or six <b>professions</b> in turn.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>The three professions</i>, or <i>learned professions</i>, are, especially, theology, law, and medicine.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The collective body of persons engaged in a calling; <as>as, the <ex>profession</ex> distrust him</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Law.)</fld> <def>The act of entering, or becoming a member of, a religious order.</def>

<h1>Professional</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fes"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a profession, or calling; conforming to the rules or standards of a profession; following a profession; <as>as, <ex>professional</ex> knowledge; <ex>professional</ex> conduct.</as></def>  "Pride, not personal, but <i>professional</i>."  <i>Macaulay</i>. "A <i>professional</i> sneerer." <i>De Quincey</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Engaged in by professionals; <as>as, a <ex>professional</ex> race</as>; -- opposed to <contr>amateur</contr>.</def>

<h1>Professional</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fes"sion*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who prosecutes anything professionally, or for a livelihood, and not in the character of an amateur; a professional worker.</def>

<h1>Professionalism</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fes"sion*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The following of a profession, sport, etc., as an occupation; -- opposed to <ant>amateurism</ant>.</def>

<h1>Professionalist</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fes"sion*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>professional person.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Professionally</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fes"sion*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a professional manner or capacity; by profession or calling; in the exercise of one's profession; one employed <i>professionally</i>.</def>

<h1>Professor</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fess"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a teacher, a public teacher: cf. F. <ets>professeur</ets>. See <er>Profess</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who professed, or makes open declaration of, his sentiments or opinions; especially, one who makes a public avowal of his belief in the Scriptures and his faith in Christ, and thus unites himself to the visible church.</def> "<i>Professors</i> of religion."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who professed, or publicly teaches, any science or branch of learning; especially, an officer in a university, college, or other seminary, whose business it is to read lectures, or instruct students, in a particular branch of learning; as a <i>professor</i> of theology, of botany, of mathematics, or of political economy.</def>

<h1>Professorial</h1>
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<hw>Pro`fes*so"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>professorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>professorial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a professor; <as>as, the <ex>professional</ex> chair; <ex>professional</ex> interest.</as></def>

<h1>Professorialism</h1>
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<hw>Pro`fes*so"ri*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The character, manners, or habits of a professor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Professoriat</h1>
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<hw>Pro`fes*so"ri*at</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Professoriate</er>.</def>

<h1>Professoriate</h1>
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<hw>Pro`fes*so"ri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The body of professors, or the professorial staff, in a university or college.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A professorship.</def>

<h1>Professorship</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fess"or*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or position of a professor, or public teacher.</def>

<i>Walton.</i>

<h1>Professory</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fes"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>professorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a professor; professorial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Proffer</h1>
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<hw>Prof"fer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Proffered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Proffering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>profren</ets>, <ets>proferen</ets>, F. <ets>prof\'82rer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>proferre</ets> to bring forth or forward, to offer; <ets>pro</ets> forward + <ets>ferre</ets> to bring. See <er>Bear</er> to produce.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To offer for acceptance; to propose to give; to make a tender of; <as>as, to <ex>proffer</ex> a gift; to <ex>proffer</ex> services; to <ex>proffer</ex> friendship.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>I reck not what wrong that thou me <b>profre</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To essay or attempt of one's own accord; to undertake, or propose to undertake.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Proffer</h1>
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<hw>Prof"fer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An offer made; something proposed for acceptance by another; a tender; <as>as, <ex>proffers</ex> of peace or friendship</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He made a <b>proffer</b> to lay down his commission.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Essay; attempt.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Profferer</h1>
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<hw>Prof"fer*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who proffers something.</def>

<h1>Proficience, Proficiency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pro*fi"cience</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pro*fi"cien*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of state of being proficient; advance in the acquisition of any art, science, or knowledge; progression in knowledge; improvement; adeptness; <as>as, to acquire <ex>proficiency</ex> in music</as>.</def>

<h1>Proficient</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fi"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proficiens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>proficere</ets> to go forward, make progress; <ets>pro</ets> forward + <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Fact</er>, and cf. <er>Profit</er>, (<?/)]</ety> <def>One who has made considerable advances in any business, art, science, or branch of learning; an expert; an adept; <as>as, <ex>proficient</ex> in a trade; a <ex>proficient</ex> in mathematics, music, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Proficient</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fi"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Well advanced in any branch of knowledge or skill; possessed of considerable acquirements; well-skilled; versed; adept,</def>

<h1>Proficiently</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fi"cient*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a proficient manner.</def>

<h1>Proficuous</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fic"u*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proficuus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Profitable; advantageous; useful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Profile</h1>
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<hw>Pro"file</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>profilo</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pro</ets> before + <ets>filum</ets> a thread, an outline, shape: cf. F. <ets>profil</ets>. See <er>File</er> arow, and cf. <er>Purfle</er>, <er>Purl</er>, a fringe.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An outline, or contour; <as>as, the <ex>profile</ex> of an apple</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Paint & Sculp.)</fld> <def>A human head represented sidewise, or in a side view; the side face or half face.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A section of any member, made at right angles with its main lines, showing the exact shape of moldings and the like.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Civil Engin.)</fld> <def>A drawing exhibiting a vertical section of the ground along a surveyed line, or graded work, as of a railway, showing elevations, depressions, grades, etc.</def>

<-- 4. a short biography.
  5. [NW10] a set of data, often in graphical form, describing some significant features of something (e.g. a person, corporation); esp. a graph showing the results of tests ot some attribute of a person.
 6. public notice, used esp. in the phrase "(keep/maintain) a low profile", i.e. avoid public notice, avoid publicity. -->

<cs><col>Profile paper</col> <fld>(Civil Engin.)</fld>, <cd>paper ruled with vertical and horizontal lines forming small oblong rectangles, adapted for drawing profiles.</cd><-- = graph paper? --></cs>

<h1>Profile</h1>
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<hw>Pro"file</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Profiled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Profiling</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>profiler</ets>, It. <ets>profilare</ets>. See <er>Profile</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>to draw the outline of; to draw in profile, as an architectural member.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>To shape the outline of an object by passing a cutter around it.</def>

<cs><col>Profiling machine</col>, <cd>a jigging machine.</cd></cs>

<h1>Profiling</h1>
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<hw>Pro"fil*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>In the construction of fieldworks, the erection at proper intervals of wooden profiles, to show to the workmen the sectional form of the parapets at those points.</def>

<h1>Profilist</h1>
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<hw>Pro"fil*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who takes profiles.</def>

<h1>Profit</h1>
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<hw>Pro"fit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>profectus</ets> advance, progress, profit, fr. <ets>profectum</ets>. See <er>Proficient</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Acquisition beyond expenditure; excess of value received for producing, keeping, or selling, over cost; hence, pecuniary gain in any transaction or occupation; emolument; <as>as, a <ex>profit</ex> on the sale of goods</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Let no man anticipate uncertain <b>profits</b>.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Accession of good; valuable results; useful consequences; benefit; avail; gain; as, an office of <i>profit</i>,</def>

<blockquote>This I speak for your own <b>profit</b>.
<i>1 Cor. vii. 35.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If you dare do yourself a <b>profit</b> and a right.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Benefit; avail; service; improvement; advancement; gain; emolument.</syn>

<h1>Profit</h1>
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<hw>Prof"it</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Profited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Profiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>profiter</ets>. See <er>Profit</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <def>To be of service to; to be good to; to help on; to benefit; to advantage; to avail; to aid; <as>as, truth <ex>profits</ex> all men</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The word preached did not <b>profit them</b>.
<i>Heb. iv. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is a great means of <b>profiting</b> yourself, to copy diligently excellent pieces and beautiful designs.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Profit</h1>
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<hw>Prof"it</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To gain advantage; to make improvement; to improve; to gain; to advance.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>profit</b> not by thy talk.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be of use or advantage; to do or bring good.</def>

<blockquote>Riches <b>profit</b> not in the day of wrath.
<i>Prov. xi. 4.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Profitable</h1>
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<hw>Prof"it*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>profitable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Yielding or bringing profit or gain; gainful; lucrative; useful; helpful; advantageous; beneficial; <as>as, a <ex>profitable</ex> trade; <ex>profitable</ex> business; a <ex>profitable</ex> study or profession.</as></def>

<blockquote>What was so <b>profitable</b> to the empire became fatal to the
emperor.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Prof"it*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Prof"it*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Profiting</h1>
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<hw>Prof"it*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Gain; advantage; profit.</def>

<blockquote>That thy <b>profiting</b> may appear to all.
<i>1 Tim. iv. 15.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Profitless</h1>
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<hw>Prof"it*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without profit; unprofitable.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Profligacy</h1>
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<hw>Prof"li*ga*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Profligate</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>The quality of state of being profligate; a profligate or very vicious course of life; a state of being abandoned in moral principle and in vice; dissoluteness.</def>

<h1>Profligate</h1>
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<hw>Prof"li*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>profligatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>profligare</ets> to strike or dash to the ground, to destroy; <ets>pro</ets> before + a word akin to <ets>fligere</ets> to strike. See <er>Afflict</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Overthrown; beaten; conquered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The foe is <b>profligate</b>, and run.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Broken down in respect of rectitude, principle, virtue, or decency; openly and shamelessly immoral or vicious; dissolute; <as>as, <ex>profligate</ex> man or wretch</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A race more <b>profligate</b> than we.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Made prostitute and <b>profligate</b> muse.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Abandoned; corrupt; dissolute; vitiated; depraved; vicious; wicked. See <er>Abandoned</er>.</syn>

<h1>Profligate</h1>
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<hw>Prof"li*gate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An abandoned person; one openly and shamelessly vicious; a dissolute person.</def> "Such a <i>profligate</i> as Antony."

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Profligate</h1>
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<hw>Prof"li*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To drive away; to overcome.</def> <note>[A Latinism]</note> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Profligately</h1>
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<hw>Prof"li*gate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a profligate manner.</def>

<h1>Profligateness</h1>
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<hw>Prof"li*gate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being profligate; an abandoned course of life; profligacy.</def>

<h1>Profligation</h1>
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<hw>Prof`li*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>profligatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Defeat; rout; overthrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Profluence</h1>
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<hw>Prof"lu*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>profluentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Quality of being profluent; course.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Profluent</h1>
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<hw>Prof"lu*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>profluens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>profluere</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> forward + <ets>fluere</ets> to flow.]</ety> <def>Flowing forward,</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "In the <i>profluent</i> stream."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Profound</h1>
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<hw>Pro*found"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>profond</ets>, L. <ets>profundus</ets>; pro before, forward + <ets>fundus</ets> the bottom. See <er>Found</er> to establish, <er>Bottom</er> lowest part.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Descending far below the surface; opening or reaching to a great depth; deep.</def> "A gulf <i>profound</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Intellectually deep; entering far into subjects; reaching to the bottom of a matter, or of a branch of learning; thorough; <as>as, a <ex>profound</ex> investigation or treatise; a <ex>profound</ex> scholar; <ex>profound</ex> wisdom.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Characterized by intensity; deeply felt; pervading; overmastering; far-reaching; strongly impressed; <as>as, a <ex>profound</ex> sleep</as>.</def> "<i>Profound</i> sciatica."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Of the <b>profound</b> corruption of this class there can be no doubt.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Bending low, exhibiting or expressing deep humility; lowly; submissive; <as>as, a <ex>profound</ex> bow</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What humble gestures! What <b>profound</b> reverence!
<i>Dupp<?/.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Profound</h1>
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<hw>Pro*found"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The deep; the sea; the ocean.</def>

<blockquote>God in the fathomless <b>profound</b>
Hath all this choice commanders drowned.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An abyss.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Profound</h1>
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<hw>Pro*found"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to sink deeply; to cause to dive or penetrate far down.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Profound</h1>
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<hw>Pro*found"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To dive deeply; to penetrate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Profoundly</h1>
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<hw>Pro*found"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a profound manner.</def>

<blockquote>Why sigh you so <b>profoundly</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Profoundness</h1>
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<hw>Pro*found"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being profound; profundity; depth.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Profulgent</h1>
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<hw>Pro*ful"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + L. <ets>fulgere</ets> to shine.]</ety> <def>Shining forth; brilliant; effulgent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Profulgent</i> in preciousness."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Profundity</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fun"di*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>profunditas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>profondite</ets>. See <er>Profound</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being profound; depth of place, knowledge, feeling, etc.</def> "The vast <i>profundity</i> obscure."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Profuse</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>profusus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>profundere</ets> to pour forth or out; <ets>pro</ets> forward, forth + <ets>fundere</ets> to pour: cf. F. <ets>profus</ets>. See <er>Fuse</er> to melt.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pouring forth with fullness or exuberance; bountiful; exceedingly liberal; giving without stint; <as>as, a <ex>profuse</ex> government; <ex>profuse</ex> hospitality.</as></def>

<blockquote>A green, shady bank, <b>profuse</b> of flowers.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Superabundant; excessive; prodigal; lavish; <as>as, <ex>profuse</ex> expenditure</as>.</def> "<i>Profuse</i> ornament."

<i>Kames.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Lavish; exuberant; bountiful; prodigal; extravagant.</syn>  -- <usage><er>Profuse</er>, <er>Lavish</er>, <er>Prodigal</er>. <i>Profuse</i> denotes pouring out (as money, etc.) with great fullness or freeness; as, <i>profuse</i> in his expenditures, thanks, promises, etc. <i>Lavish</i> is stronger, implying unnecessary or wasteful excess; as, <i>lavish</i> of his bounties, favors, praises, etc.  <i>Prodigal</i> is stronger still, denoting unmeasured or reckless profusion; as, <i>prodigal</i> of one's strength, life, or blood, to secure some object.  <i>Dryden.</i></usage>

<h1>Profuse</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pour out; to give or spend liberally; to lavish; to squander.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Profusely</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fuse"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a profuse manner.</def>

<h1>Profuseness</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fuse"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Extravagance; profusion.</def>

<blockquote>Hospitality sometimes degenerates into <b>profuseness</b>.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Profusion</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>profusio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>profusion</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who is profuse; a lavishing or pouring out without sting.</def>

<blockquote>Thy vast <b>profusion</b> to the factious nobles?
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Abundance; exuberant plenty; lavish supply; <as>as, a <ex>profusion</ex> of commodities</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Profusive</h1>
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<hw>Pro*fu"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Profuse; lavish; prodigal.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Prog</h1>
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<hw>Prog</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Progged</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Progging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>prachen</ets>, G. <ets>prachern</ets>, Dan. <ets>prakke</ets>, Sw. <ets>pracka</ets>, to beg, L. <ets>procare</ets>, <ets>procari</ets>, to ask, demand, and E. <ets>prowl</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wander about and beg; to seek food or other supplies by low arts; to seek for advantage by mean shift or tricks.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<blockquote>A perfect artist in <b>progging</b> for money.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have been endeavoring to <b>prog</b> for you.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To steal; to rob; to filch.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To prick; to goad; to progue.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Prog</h1>
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<hw>Prog</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Victuals got by begging, or vagrancy; victuals of any kind; food; supplies.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<blockquote>So long as he picked from the filth his <b>prog</b>.
<i>R. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vagrant beggar; a tramp.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A goal; progue.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Progenerate</h1>
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<hw>Pro*gen"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>progeneratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>progenerare</ets> to beget; <ets>pro</ets> forth, forward + <ets>generare</ets> to generate.]</ety> <def>To beget; to generate; to produce; to procreate; <as>as, to <ex>progenerate</ex> a race</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Landor.</i>

<h1>Progeneration</h1>
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<hw>Pro*gen`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>progeneratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of begetting; propagation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Progenitor</h1>
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<hw>Pro*gen"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>progeniteur</ets>, L. <ets>progenitor</ets>, fr. <ets>progignere</ets>, <ets>progenitum</ets>, to bring forth, to beget; <ets>pro</ets> forth + <ets>gignere</ets> to beget. See <er>Gender</er> kind.]</ety> <def>An ancestor in the direct line; a forefather.</def>

<blockquote>And reverence thee their great <b>progenitor</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Progenitorship</h1>
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<hw>Pro*gen"i*tor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a progenitor.</def>

<h1>Progenitress</h1>
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<hw>Pro*gen"i*tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female progenitor.</def>

<h1>Progeniture</h1>
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<hw>Pro*gen"i*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>prog\'82niture</ets>.]</ety> <def>A begetting, or birth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Progeny</h1>
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<hw>Prog"e*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>progenie</ets>, F. <ets>prog\'82nie</ets>, fr. L. <ets>progenies</ets>, fr. <ets>progignere</ets>. See <er>Progenitor</er>.]</ety> <def>Descendants of the human kind, or offspring of other animals; children; offspring; race, lineage.</def> " Issued from the <i>progeny</i> of kings."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Proglottid</h1>
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<hw>Pro*glot"tid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>Proglottis.</def>

<h1>Proglottis</h1>
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<hw>Pro*glot"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Proglottides</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. fr. Gr. <?/ the tip of the tongue; <?/ forward + <?/ the tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>One of the free, or nearly free, segments of a tapeworm. It contains both male and female reproductive organs, and is capable of a brief independent existence.</def>

<h1>Prognathi</h1>
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<hw>Prog"na*thi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Prognathous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A comprehensive group of mankind, including those that have prognathous jaws.</def>

<h1>Prognathic</h1>
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<hw>Prog*nath"ic</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Prognathous.</def>

<h1>Prognathism</h1>
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<hw>Prog"na*thism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Projection of the jaws.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Prog"na*thy</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>
<-- why not a dual-headword here?  -->

<h1>Prognathous</h1>
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<hw>Prog"na*thous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ before + <?/ the jaw]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the jaws projecting beyond the upper part of the face; -- opposed to <i>orthognathous</i>. See <cref>Gnathic index</cref>, under <er>Gnathic</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Their countenances had the true <b>prognathous</b> character.
<i>Kane.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1145">
Page 1145<p>

<h1>Progne</h1>
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<hw>Prog"ne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a swallow, traditionally said to be fr. <ets>Progne</ets> (The sister of Philomela), who was changed into a swallow, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A swallow.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of swallows including the purple martin. See <er>Martin</er>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An American butterfly (<spn>Polygonia, &or; Vanessa, Progne</spn>). It is orange and black above, grayish beneath, with an <universbold>L</universbold>-shaped silver mark on the hind wings. Called also <altname>gray comma</altname>.</def>

<h1>Prognosis</h1>
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<hw>Prog*no"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to know beforehand; <?/ before + <?/ to know. See <er>Know</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act or art of foretelling the course and termination of a disease; also, the outlook afforded by this act of judgment; <as>as, the <ex>prognosis</ex> of hydrophobia is bad</as>.</def>

<h1>Prosnostic</h1>
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<hw>Pros*nos"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Prognosis</er>.]</ety> <def>Indicating something future by signs or symptoms; foreshowing; aiding in prognosis; <as>as, the <ex>prognostic</ex> symptoms of a disease; <ex>prognostic</ex> signs.</as></def>

<h1>Prognostic</h1>
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<hw>Prog*nos"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prognosticum</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>pronostic</ets>, <ets>prognostic</ets>. See <er>Prognostic</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which prognosticates; a sign by which a future event may be known or foretold; an indication; a sign or omen; hence, a foretelling; a prediction.</def>

<blockquote>That choice would inevitably be considered by the country
as a <b>prognostic</b> of the highest import.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A sign or symptom indicating the course and termination of a disease.</def>

<i>Parr.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Sign; omen; presage; token; indication.</syn>

<h1>Prognostic</h1>
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<hw>Prog*nos"tic</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To prognosticate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Prognosticable</h1>
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<hw>Prog*nos"tic*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being prognosticated or foretold.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Prognosticate</h1>
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<hw>Prog*nos"ti*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prognosticated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prognosticating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Prognostic</er>.]</ety> <def>To indicate as future; to foretell from signs or symptoms; to prophesy; to foreshow; to predict; <as>as, to <ex>prognosticate</ex> evil</as>.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<blockquote>I neither will nor can <b>prognosticate</b>
To the young gaping heir his father's fate.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To foreshow; foretoken; betoken; forebode; presage; predict; prophesy.</syn>

<h1>Prognostication</h1>
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<hw>Prog*nos`ti*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>prognostication</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of foreshowing or foretelling something future by present signs; prediction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which foreshows; a foretoken.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Prognosticator</h1>
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<hw>Prog*nos"ti*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who prognosticates; a foreknower or foreteller of a future course or event by present signs.</def>

<i>Isa. xlvii. 13.</i>

<h1>Program</h1>
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<hw>Pro"gram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Programme</er>.</def>

<h1>Programma</h1>
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<hw>Pro*gram"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Programmata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[ L. See <er>Programme</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>Any law, which, after it had passed the Athenian senate, was fixed on a tablet for public inspection previously to its being proposed to the general assembly of the people.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An edict published for public information; an official bulletin; a public proclamation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>See <er>Programme</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A preface.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i> T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Programme</h1>
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<hw>Pro"gramme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>programma</ets> a public proclamation, manifesto, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to write before or in public; <?/ before, forth + <?/ to write; cf. F. <ets>programme</ets>. See <er>Graphic</er>.]</ety> <def>That which is written or printed as a public notice or advertisement; a scheme; a prospectus; especially, a brief outline or explanation of the order to be pursued, or the subjects embraced, in any public exercise, performance, or entertainment; a preliminary sketch.</def>

<cs><col>Programme music</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>descriptive instrumental music which requires an argument or programme to explain the meaning of its several movements.</cd></cs>

<h1>Progress</h1>
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<hw>Prog"ress</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>progressus</ets>, from <ets>progredi</ets>, p. p. <ets>progressus</ets>, to go forth or forward; <ets>pro</ets> forward + <ets>gradi</ets> to step, go: cf. F. <ets>progr\'8as</ets>. See <er>Grade</er>.]</ety>

<-- each subdefinition implicitly begins with "a moving forward . . . " -->
<p><b>1.</b> <def>A moving or going forward; a proceeding onward; an advance</def>; specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In actual space, as the <i>progress</i> of a ship, carriage, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In the growth of an animal or plant; increase.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>In business of any kind; <as>as, the <ex>progress</ex> of a negotiation; the <ex>progress</ex> of art.</as></def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>In knowledge; in proficiency; <as>as, the <ex>progress</ex> of a child at school</as>.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Toward ideal completeness or perfection in respect of quality or condition; -- applied to individuals, communities, or the race; <as>as, social, moral, religious, or political <ex>progress</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A journey of state; a circuit; especially, one made by a sovereign through parts of his own dominions.</def>

<blockquote>The king being returned from his <b>progresse</b>.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote><-- sic. -->

<h1>Progress</h1>
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<hw>Pro*gress"</hw> <tt>(?; <i>formerly pronounced like</i> <er>Progress</er>, <tt>n.</tt>)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Progressed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Progressing</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To make progress; to move forward in space; to continue onward in course; to proceed; to advance; to go on; <as>as, railroads are <ex>progressing</ex></as>.</def> "As his recovery <i>progressed</i>."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<blockquote>Let me wipe off this honorable dew,
That silverly doth <b>progress</b> on thy checks.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>progress</b> in that style in proportion as their pieces are treated with contempt.
<i>Washington.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The war had <b>progressed</b> for some time.
<i>Marshall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make improvement; to advance.</def>

<i>Bayard.</i>

<blockquote>If man <b>progresses</b>, art must <b>progress</b> too.
<i>Caird.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Progress</h1>
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<hw>Prog"ress</hw> <tt>(?; see <er>Progress</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make progress in; to pass through.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Progression</h1>
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<hw>Pro*gres"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>progressio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>progression</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of moving forward; a proceeding in a course; motion onward.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Course; passage; lapse or process of time.</def>

<blockquote>I hope, in a short <b>progression</b>, you will be wholly immerged in the delices and joys of religion.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Regular or proportional advance in increase or decrease of numbers; continued proportion, arithmetical, geometrical, or harmonic.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A regular succession of tones or chords; the movement of the parts in harmony; the order of the modulations in a piece from key to key.</def>

<cs><col>Arithmetical progression</col>, <cd>a progression in which the terms increase or decrease by equal differences, as the numbers <lbrace2/<matrix2x5><row>2, 4, 6, 8, 10</row><row>10, 8, 6, 4, 2</row></matrix2x5><rbrace2/ by the difference 2.</cd>

 -- <col>Geometrical progression</col>, <cd>a progression in which the terms increase or decrease by equal ratios, as the numbers <lbrace2/<matrix2x5><row>2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64</row><row>64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2</row></matrix2x5><rbrace2/ by a continual multiplication or division by 2.</cd>

-- <col>Harmonic progression</col>, <cd>a progression in which the terms are the reciprocals of quantities in arithmetical progression, as <frac12/, <frac14/, <frac16/, <frac18/, <frac110/.</cd></cs>

<h1>Progressional</h1>
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<hw>Pro*gres"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to progression; tending to, or capable of, progress.</def>

<h1>Progressionist</h1>
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<hw>Pro*gres"sion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who holds to a belief in the progression of society toward perfection.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who maintains the doctrine of progression in organic forms; -- opposed to <i>uniformitarian</i>.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Progressist</h1>
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<hw>Prog"ress*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes, or holds to, progress; a progressionist.</def>

<h1>Progressive</h1>
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<hw>Pro*gress"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>progressif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Moving forward; proceeding onward; advancing; evincing progress; increasing; <as>as, <ex>progressive</ex> motion or course</as>; -- opposed to <ex>retrograde</ex>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Improving; <as>as, art is in a <ex>progressive</ex> state</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Progressive euchre</col> &or; <col>whist</col></mcol>, <cd>a way of playing at card parties, by which after every game, the losers at the first table go to the last table, and the winners at all the tables, except the first, move up to the next table.</cd> -- <col>Progressive muscular atrophy</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a nervous disorder characterized by continuous atrophy of the muscles.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pro*gress"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pro*gress"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Progue</h1>
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<hw>Progue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To prog.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>P. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Progue</h1>
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<hw>Progue</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sharp point; a goad.</def> <mark>[ Scot. & Local, U. S.]</mark> -- <def2><tt>v. t. </tt> <def>To prick; to goad.</def> <mark>[ Scot. & Local, U. S.]</mark>.</def2>

<h1>Proheme</h1>
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<hw>Pro"heme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Proem.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Prohibit</h1>
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<hw>Pro*hib"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prohibited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prohibiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>prohibitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>prohibere</ets> to prohibit; <ets>pro</ets> before, forth + <ets>habere</ets> to have, hold. See <er>Habit</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To forbid by authority; to interdict; <as>as, God <ex>prohibited</ex> Adam from eating of the fruit of a certain tree</as>; we <ex>prohibit</ex> a person from doing a thing, and also the doing of the thing; <as>as, the law <ex>prohibits</ex> men from stealing, or it <ex>prohibits</ex> stealing</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Prohibit</i> was formerly followed by <i>to</i> with the infinitive, but is now commonly followed by <i>from</i> with the verbal noun in <i>-ing</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hinder; to debar; to prevent; to preclude.</def>

<blockquote>Gates of burning adamant,
Barred over us, <b>prohibit</b> all egress.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To forbid; interdict; debar; prevent; hinder.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Prohibit</er>, <er>Forbid</er>. To <i>forbid</i> is Anglo-Saxon, and is more familiar; to <i>prohibit</i> is Latin, and is more formal or official. A parent <i>forbids</i> his child to be out late at night; he <i>prohibits</i> his intercourse with the profane and vicious.</usage>

<h1>Prohibiter</h1>
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<hw>Pro*hib"it*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who prohibits or forbids; a forbidder; an interdicter.</def>

<h1>Prohibition</h1>
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<hw>Pro`hi*bi"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prohibitio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>prohibition</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of prohibiting; a declaration or injunction forbidding some action; interdict.</def>

<blockquote>The law of God, in the ten commandments, consists mostly of <b>prohibitions</b>.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, the forbidding by law of the sale of alcoholic liquors as beverages.</def>

<cs><col>Writ of prohibition</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a writ issued by a superior tribunal, directed to an inferior court, commanding the latter to cease from the prosecution of a suit depending before it.</cd></cs>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<note>&hand; By ellipsis, <i>prohibition</i> is used for the writ itself.</note>

<h1>Prohibitionist</h1>
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<hw>Pro`hi*bi"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who favors prohibitory duties on foreign goods in commerce; a protectionist.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who favors the prohibition of the sale (or of the sale and manufacture) of alcoholic liquors as beverages.</def>

<h1>Prohibitive</h1>
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<hw>Pro*hib"it*ive</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>prohibitif</ets>.]</ety> <def>That prohibits; prohibitory; <as>as, a tax whose effect is <ex>prohibitive</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Prohibitory</h1>
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<hw>Pro*hib"it*o*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prohibitorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to prohibit, forbid, or exclude; implying prohibition; forbidding; <as>as, a <ex>prohibitory</ex> law; a <ex>prohibitory</ex> price.</as></def>
<-- in the latter sense (price or cost) usu. prohibitive. -->

<cs><col>Prohibitory index</col>. <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Index</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Proin</h1>
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<hw>Proin</hw> <tt>(proin)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Prune</er> to trim.]</ety> <def>To lop; to trim; to prune; to adorn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>The sprigs that did about it grow
He <b>proined</b> from the leafy arms.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Proin</h1>
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<hw>Proin</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To employed in pruning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Project</h1>
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<hw>Proj"ect</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>project</ets>, F. <ets>projet</ets>, fr. L. <ets>projectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>projicere</ets> to project; <ets>pro</ets> forward + <ets>jacere</ets> to throw. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting forth, and cf. <er>Projet</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The place from which a thing projects, or starts forth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is projected or designed; something intended or devised; a scheme; a design; a plan.</def>

<blockquote>Vented much policy, and <b>projects</b> deep.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Projects</b> of happiness devised by human reason.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He entered into the <b>project</b> with his customary ardor.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An idle scheme; an impracticable design; <as>as, a man given to <ex>projects</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Design; scheme; plan; purpose.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Project</er>, <er>Design</er>.  A <i>project</i> is something of a practical nature thrown out for consideration as to its being done. A <i>design</i> is a project when matured and settled, as a thing to be accomplished. An ingenious man has many <i>projects</i>, but, if governed by sound sense, will be slow in forming them into <i>designs</i>. See also <er>Scheme</er>.</usage>

<h1>Project</h1>
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<hw>Pro*ject"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Projected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Projecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>projecter</ets>, F. <ets>projeter</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw or cast forward; to shoot forth.</def>

<blockquote>Before his feet herself she did <b>project</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Behold! th' ascending villas on my side
<b>Project</b> long shadows o'er the crystal tide.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cast forward or revolve in the mind; to contrive; to devise; to scheme; <as>as, to <ex>project</ex> a plan</as>.</def>

<blockquote>What sit then <b>projecting</b> peace and war?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Persp.)</fld> <def>To draw or exhibit, as the form of anything; to delineate; <as>as, to <ex>project</ex> a sphere, a map, an ellipse, and the like</as>; -- sometimes with <i>on</i>, <i>upon</i>, <i>into</i>, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>project</ex> a line or point upon a plane</as>. See <er>Projection</er>, 4.</def>

<h1>Project</h1>
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<hw>Pro*ject"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To shoot forward; to extend beyond something else; to be prominent; to jut; <as>as, the cornice <ex>projects</ex>; branches <ex>project</ex> from the tree.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form a project; to scheme.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Projectile</h1>
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<hw>Pro*ject"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>projectile</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Projecting or impelling forward; <as>as, a <ex>projectile</ex> force</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Caused or imparted by impulse or projection; impelled forward; <as>as, <ex>projectile</ex> motion</as>.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Projectile</h1>
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<hw>Pro*ject"ile</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>projectile</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A body projected, or impelled forward, by force; especially, a missile adapted to be shot from a firearm.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A part of mechanics which treats of the motion, range, time of flight, etc., of bodies thrown or driven through the air by an impelling force.</def><-- = ballistics? -->

<-- projectile vomiting, vomiting with such force as to expel the vomitus over a distance. -->

<h1>Projection</h1>
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<hw>Pro*jec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>projectio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>projection</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of throwing or shooting forward.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A jutting out; also, a part jutting out, as of a building; an extension beyond something else.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of scheming or planning; also, that which is planned; contrivance; design; plan.</def>

<i>Davenant.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Persp.)</fld> <def>The representation of something; delineation; plan; especially, the representation of any object on a perspective plane, or such a delineation as would result were the chief points of the object thrown forward upon the plane, each in the direction of a line drawn through it from a given point of sight, or central point; <as>as, the <ex>projection</ex> of a sphere</as>. The several kinds of projection differ according to the assumed point of sight and plane of projection in each.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>Any method of representing the surface of the earth upon a plane.</def>

<cs><col>Conical projection</col>, <cd>a mode of representing the sphere, the <i>spherical surface<i> being projected upon the surface of a cone tangent to the sphere, the point of sight being at the center of the sphere.</cd> -- <col>Cylindric projection</col>, <cd>a mode of representing the sphere, the <i>spherical surface<i> being projected upon the surface of a cylinder touching the sphere, the point of sight being at the center of the sphere.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Globular</col>, <col>Gnomonic</col>, <col>Orthographic</col>, <col>projection</col>,etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Globular</er>, <er>Gnomonic</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Mercator's projection</col>, <cd>a mode of representing the sphere in which the meridians are drawn parallel to each other, and the parallels of latitude are straight lines whose distance from each other increases with their distance from the equator, so that at all places the degrees of latitude and longitude have to each other the same ratio as on the sphere itself.</cd> -- <col>Oblique projection</col>, <cd>a projection made by parallel lines drawn from every point of a figure and meeting the plane of projection obliquely.</cd> -- <col>Polar projection</col>, <cd>a projection of the sphere in which the point of sight is at the center, and the plane of projection passes through one of the polar circles.</cd> -- <col>Powder of projection</col> <fld>(Alchemy.)</fld>, <cd>a certain powder cast into a crucible or other vessel containing prepared metal or other matter which is to be thereby transmuted into gold.</cd> -- <col>Projection of a point on a plane</col> <fld>(Descriptive Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the foot of a perpendicular to the plane drawn through the point.</cd> -- <col>Projection of a straight line of a plane</col>, <cd>the straight line of the plane connecting the feet of the perpendiculars let fall from the extremities of the given line.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Protuberance</er>.</syn>

<-- projectionist.  one who operates a projector[2]; esp. one who is employed to operate a movie projector in a movie theater -->

<h1>Projectment</h1>
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<hw>Pro*ject"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Design; contrivance; projection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<h1>Projector</h1>
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<hw>Pro*ject"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>projeteur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who projects a scheme or design; hence, one who forms fanciful or chimerical schemes.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<-- an optical instrument which projects an image from a transparency onto a projection screen or other surface, using an intense light and one or more lenses to focus the image.

  Slide projector; movie projector.  Overhead projector. -->

<h1>Projecture</h1>
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<hw>Pro*jec"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>projectura</ets>: cf. F. <ets>projecture</ets>.]</ety> <def>A jutting out beyond a surface.</def>

<h1>Projet</h1>
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<hw>Pro`jet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Project</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <def>A plan proposed; a draft of a proposed measure; a project.</def>

<h1>Proke</h1>
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<hw>Proke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To poke; to thrust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Prolapse</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lapse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prolapsus</ets>, fr. <ets>prolapsus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>prolabi</ets> to fall forward; <ets>pro</ets> forward + <ets>labi</ets> to glide, fall.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The falling down of a part through the orifice with which it is naturally connected, especially of the uterus or the rectum.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Prolapse</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lapse"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fall down or out; to protrude.</def>

<h1>Prolapsion</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lap"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prolapsio</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Prolapse.</def> <altsp>[ Written also <asp>prolaption</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Prolapsus</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lap"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Prolapse.</def>

<h1>Prolate</h1>
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<hw>Pro"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prolatus</ets>, used as p. p. of <ets>proferre</ets> to bring forth, to extend; <ets>pro + latus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Pro-</er>, and <er>Tolerate</er>. ]</ety> <def>Stretched out; extended; especially, elongated in the direction of a line joining the poles; <as>as, a <ex>prolate</ex> spheroid</as>; -- opposed to <contr>oblate</contr>.</def>

<cs><col>Prolate cycloid</col>. <cd>See the Note under <er>Cycloid</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Prolate ellipsoid</col> &or; <col>spheroid</col></mcol><cd> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, a figure generated by the revolution of an ellipse about its major axis. See <cref>Ellipsoid of revolution</cref>, under <er>Ellipsoid</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prolate</h1>
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<hw>Pro*late"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter; to pronounce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Foun-der-ed; <i>prolate</i> it right."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Prolation</h1>
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<hw>Pro*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prolatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>prolation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of prolating or pronouncing; utterance; pronunciation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Ray</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of deferring; delay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A medi\'91val method of determining of the proportionate duration of semibreves and minims.</def>

<i>Busby.</i>

<h1>Prolatum</h1>
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<hw>Pro*la"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Prolata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[ NL. See <er>Prolate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A prolate spheroid. See <cref>Ellipsoid of revolution</cref>, under <er>Ellipsoid</er>.</def>

<h1>Proleg</h1>
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<hw>Pro"leg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> for, in place of + <ets>leg</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the fleshy legs found on the abdominal segments of the larv\'91 of Lepidoptera, sawflies, and some other insects. Those of Lepidoptera have a circle of hooks. Called also <altname>proped</altname>, <altname>propleg</altname>, and <altname>falseleg</altname>.</def>

<h1>Prolegate</h1>
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<hw>Pro"leg`ate</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prolegatus</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> for + <ets>legatus</ets> legate.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Hist.)</fld> <def>The deputy or substitute for a legate.</def>

<hr>
<page="1146">
Page 1146<p>

<h1>Prolegomenary</h1>
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<hw>Prol`e*gom"e*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of a prolegomenon; preliminary; introductory; prefatory.</def>

<h1>Prolegomenon</h1>
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<hw>Prol`e*gom"e*non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Prolegomena</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[ NL., fr. Gr. <?/, properly neut. pass. p. pr. of <?/ to say beforehand; <?/ before + <?/ to say.]</ety> <def>A preliminary remark or observation; an introductory discourse prefixed to a book or treatise.</def>

<i>D. Stokes (1659). Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Prolepsis</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lep"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, from <?/ to take beforehand; <?/ before + <?/ to take.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A figure by which objections are anticipated or prevented.</def> <i>Abp. Bramhall</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A necessary truth or assumption; a first or assumed principle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chron.)</fld> <def>An error in chronology, consisting in an event being dated before the actual time.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The application of an adjective to a noun in anticipation, or to denote the result, of the action of the verb; <as>as, to strike one <ex>dumb</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Proleptic, Proleptical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pro*lep"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pro*lep"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>proleptique</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to prolepsis; anticipative.</def> "A far-seeing or <i>proleptic</i> wisdom."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Previous; antecedent.</def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Anticipating the usual time; -- applied to a periodical disease whose paroxysms return at an earlier hour at every repetition.</def>

<h1>Proleptically</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lep"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a proleptical manner.</def>

<h1>Proleptics</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lep"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The art and science of predicting in medicine.</def>

<i>Laycock.</i>

<h1>Prol\'82taire</h1>
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<hw>Pro`l\'82`taire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Proletary</er>.]</ety> <def>One of the common people; a low person; also, the common people as a class or estate in a country.</def>

<h1>Proletaneous</h1>
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<hw>Prol`e*ta"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proletaneus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a numerous offspring.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Proletarian</h1>
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<hw>Prol`e*ta"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proletarius</ets>. See Proletary.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the proletaries; belonging to the commonalty; hence, mean; vile; vulgar.</def> "Every citizen, if he were not a <i>proletarian</i> animal kept at the public cost." <i>De Quincey</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A proletary.</def></def2>

<h1>Proletariat</h1>
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<hw>Prol`e*ta"ri*at</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The indigent class in the State; the body of proletarians.</def>

<h1>Proletariate</h1>
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<hw>Prol`e*ta"ri*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The lower classes; beggars.</def> "The Italian <i>proletariate</i>."

<i>J. A. Symonds.</i>

<h1>Proletary</h1>
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<hw>Prol"e*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Proletaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[ L. <ets>proletarius</ets>, fr. <ets>proles</ets> offspring. Cf. <er>Prol\'82taire</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A citizen of the lowest class, who served the state, not with property, but only by having children; hence, a common person.</def>

<h1>Prolicide</h1>
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<hw>Prol"i*cide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proles</ets> offspring + <ets>caedere</ets> to kill.]</ety> <def>The crime of destroying one's offspring, either in the womb or after birth.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Proliferate</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lif"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proles</ets> offspring + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To produce or form cells; especially, to produce cells rapidly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>To produce zooids by budding.</def>

<h1>Proliferation</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lif`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The continuous development of cells in tissue formation; cell formation.</def>

<i>Virchow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The production of numerous zooids by budding, especially when buds arise from other buds in succession.</def>

<h1>Proliferous</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proles</ets> offspring + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing offspring; -- applied to a flower from within which another is produced, or to a branch or frond from which another rises, or to a plant which is reproduced by buds or gemm\'91.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Producing young by budding.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Producing sexual zooids by budding; -- said of the blastostyle of a hydroid.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Producing a cluster of branchlets from a larger branch; -- said of corals.</def>

<cs><col>Proliferous cyst</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a cyst that produces highly-organized or even vascular structures.</cd></cs>

<i>Paget.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pro*lif"er*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Prolific</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>prolifique</ets>, fr. L. <ets>proles</ets> offspring (from <ets>pro</ets> for, forward + the root of <ets>alere</ets> to nourish) + <ets>facere</ets> to make. See <er>Adult</er>, <er>Old</er>, and <er>Fact</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the quality of generating; producing young or fruit; generative; fruitful; productive; -- applied to plants producing fruit, animals producing young, etc.; -- usually with the implied idea of frequent or numerous production; <as>as, a <ex>prolific</ex> tree, female, and the like</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Serving to produce; fruitful of results; active; <as>as, a <ex>prolific</ex> brain; a controversy <ex>prolific</ex> of evil.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Proliferous.</def>

<h1>Prolificacy</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lif"ic*a*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Prolificness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Prolifical</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lif"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Producing young or fruit abundantly; fruitful; prolific.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pro*lif"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Prolificate</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lif"ic*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Prolific</er>.]</ety> <def>To make prolific; to fertilize; to impregnate.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Prolification</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lif`i*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>prolification</ets>, LL. <ets>prolificatio</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The generation of young.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Reproduction by the growth of a plant, or part of a plant, directly from an older one, or by gemm\'91.</def>

<h1>Prolificness</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lif"ic*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being prolific; fruitfulness; prolificacy.</def>

<h1>Prolix</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lix"</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prolixus</ets> extended, long, prolix, probably fr. <ets>pro</ets> before, forward + <ets>liqui</ets> to flow, akin to <ets>liquidus</ets> liquid; cf. OL. <ets>lixa</ets> water: cf. F. <ets>prolixe</ets>. See <er>Liquid</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Extending to a great length; unnecessarily long; minute in narration or argument; excessively particular in detail; -- rarely used except with reference to discourse written or spoken; <as>as, a <ex>prolix</ex> oration; a <ex>prolix</ex> poem; a <ex>prolix</ex> sermon.</as></def>

<blockquote>With wig <b>prolix</b>, down flowing to his waist.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Indulging in protracted discourse; tedious; wearisome; -- applied to a speaker or writer.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Long; diffuse; prolonged; protracted; tedious; tiresome; wearisome.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Prolix</er>, <er>Diffuse</er>. A <i>prolix</i> writer delights in circumlocution, extended detail, and trifling particulars. A <i>diffuse</i> writer is fond of amplifying, and abounds in epithets, figures, and illustrations.  <i>Diffuseness</i> often arises from an exuberance of imagination; <i>prolixity</i> is generally connected with a want of it.</usage>

<h1>Prolixious</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lix"ious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dilatory; tedious; superfluous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Lay by all nicety, and <i>prolixious</i> blushes."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Prolixity</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lix"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prolixitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>prolixit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being prolix; great length; minute detail; <as>as, <ex>prolixity</ex> in discourses and writings</as>.</def> "For fulsomeness of his <i>prolixitee</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Idly running on with vain <b>prolixity</b>.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prolixly</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lix"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a prolix manner.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Prolixness</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lix"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Prolixity.</def>

<i>Adam Smith.</i>

<h1>Proll</h1>
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<hw>Proll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Prowl</er>.]</ety> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prolled</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prolling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To search or prowl after; to rob; to plunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Proll</h1>
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<hw>Proll</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To prowl about; to rob.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>Though ye <b>prolle</b> aye, ye shall it never find.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Proller</h1>
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<hw>Proll"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Prowler; thief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Prolocutor</h1>
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<hw>Prol`o*cu"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from <ets>proloqui</ets>, p. p. <ets>prolocutus</ets>, to speak out; <ets>pro</ets> for + <ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who speaks for another.</def>

<i>Jeffrey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The presiding officer of a convocation.</def>

<i> Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Proocutorship</h1>
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<hw>Pro`o*cu"tor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a prolocutor.</def>

<h1>Prolog</h1>
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<hw>Pro"log</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>Prologue.</def>

<h1>Prologize</h1>
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<hw>Pro"lo*gize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Prologue</er>.]</ety> <def>To deliver a Prologue.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<h1>Prologizer</h1>
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<hw>Pro"lo*gi`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who prologizes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Prologue</h1>
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<hw>Pro"logue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>prologus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to say beforehand; <?/ before + <?/ to say. See <er>Logic</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The preface or introduction to a discourse, poem, or performance; <as>as, the <ex>prologue</ex> of Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales;"</as>  esp., a discourse or poem spoken before a dramatic performance</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who delivers a prologue.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Prologue</h1>
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<hw>Pro"logue</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prologued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prologuing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To introduce with a formal preface, or prologue.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Prolong</h1>
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<hw>Pro*long"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prolonged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prolonging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>prolonger</ets>, L. <ets>prolongare</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> before, forth + <ets>longus</ets> long. See <er>Long</er>, <tt>a.<tt>, and cf. <er>Prolongate</er>, <er>Purloin</er>. ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To extend in space or length; <as>as, to <ex>prolong</ex> a line</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lengthen in time; to extend the duration of; to draw out; to continue; <as>as, to <ex>prolong</ex> one's days</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Prolong</b> awhile the traitor's life.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The unhappy queen with talk <b>prolonged</b> the night.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To put off to a distant time; to postpone.</def>

<i> Shak.</i>

<h1>Prolongable</h1>
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<hw>Pro*long"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being prolonged; <as>as, life is <ex>prolongable</ex> by care</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Each syllable being a <b>prolongable</b> quantity.
<i>Rush.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prolongate</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lon"gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prolongated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prolongating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>prolongatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>prolongare</ets>. See <er>Prolong</er>.]</ety> <def>To prolong; to extend in space or in time.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Prolongation</h1>
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<hw>Pro`lon*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>prolongation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of lengthening in space or in time; extension; protraction.</def>

<i> Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which forms an additional length.</def>

<h1>Prolonge</h1>
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<hw>Pro*longe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Prolong</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Field Artillery)</fld> <def>A rope with a hook and a toggle, sometimes used to drag a gun carriage or to lash it to the limber, and for various other purposes.</def>

<h1>Prolonger</h1>
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<hw>Pro*long"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, causes an extension in time or space.</def>

<h1>Prolongment</h1>
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<hw>Pro*long"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Prolongation.</def>

<h1>Prolusion</h1>
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<hw>Pro*lu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prolusio</ets>, fr. <ets>proludere</ets> to prelude; <ets>pro</ets> before + <ets>ludere</ets> to play: cf. F. <ets>prolusion</ets>, It. <ets>prolusione</ets>.]</ety> <def>A trial before the principal performance; a prelude; hence, an introductory essay or exercise.</def> "Domestic <i>prolusions</i>."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<blockquote>Her presence was in some measure a restraint on the worthy divine, whose <b>prolusion</b> lasted.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Promanation</h1>
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<hw>Prom`a*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + L. <ets>manatio</ets> a flowing, fr. <ets>manare</ets> to flow.]</ety> <def>The act of flowing forth; emanation; efflux.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Promenade</h1>
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<hw>Prom`e*nade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. (with a foreign suffix), from <ets>promener</ets> to lead, take for a walk, <ets>se promener</ets> to walk, from L. <ets>prominare</ets> to drive forward or along; <ets>pro</ets> forward + <ets>minare</ets> to drive animals. See <er>Amenable</er>, <er>Menace</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A walk for pleasure, display, or exercise.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place for walking; a public walk.</def>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Promenade</h1>
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<hw>Prom`e*nade"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Promenaded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Promenading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To walk for pleasure, display, or exercise.</def>

<h1>Promenader</h1>
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<hw>Prom`e*nad"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who promenades.</def>

<h1>Promerit</h1>
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<hw>Pro*mer"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>promeritus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>promerere</ets> to deserve; <ets>pro</ets> before + <ets>merere</ets> to merit.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To oblige; to confer a favor on.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deserve; to procure by merit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Davenant.</i>

<h1>Promerops</h1>
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<hw>Prom"e*rops</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ before + <?/ bee-eater.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of very brilliant birds belonging to <i>Promerops</i>, <i>Epimarchus</i>, and allied genera, closely related to the paradise birds, and mostly native of New Guinea. They have a long curved beak and a long graduated tail.</def>

<h1>Promethea</h1>
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<hw>Pro*me"the*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Prometheus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large American bombycid moth (<spn>Callosamia promethea</spn>). Its larva feeds on the sassafras, wild cherry, and other trees, and suspends its cocoon from a branch by a silken band.</def>

<h1>Promethean</h1>
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<hw>Pro*me"the*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Prometh</ets><?/<ets>us</ets>: cf. F. <ets>prom\'82th\'82en</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Prometheus. See <er>Prometheus</er>.</def> "<i>Promethean</i> fire."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having a life-giving quality; inspiring.</def>

<h1>Promethean</h1>
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<hw>Pro*me"the*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An apparatus for automatic ignition.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A kind of lucifer match.</def>

<h1>Prometheus</h1>
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<hw>Pro*me"the*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, from <?/ to have forethought for.]</ety> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The son of Iapetus (one of the Titans) and Clymene, fabled by the poets to have surpassed all mankind in knowledge, and to have formed men of clay to whom he gave life by means of fire stolen from heaven. Jupiter, being angry at this, sent Mercury to bind Prometheus to Mount Caucasus, where a vulture preyed upon his liver.</def>

<h1>Prominence, Prominency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Prom"i*nence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Prom"i*nen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prominentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>prominence</ets>. See <er>Prominent</er>. ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being prominent; a standing out from something; conspicuousness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is prominent; a protuberance.</def>

<cs><col>Solar prominences</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Solar Protuberances</cref>, under <er>Protuberance</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prominent</h1>
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<hw>Prom"i*nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prominens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>prominere</ets> to jut out, to project; <ets>pro</ets> before, forward + <ets>minere</ets> (in comp.) to jut, project: cf. F. <ets>prominent</ets>. See <er>Imminent</er>, <er>Eminent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Standing out, or projecting, beyond the line surface of something; jutting; protuberant; in high relief; <as>as, a <ex>prominent</ex> figure on a vase</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence; Distinctly manifest; likely to attract attention from its size or position; conspicuous; <as>as, a <ex>prominent</ex> feature of the face; a <ex>prominent</ex> building.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Eminent; distinguished above others; <as>as, a <ex>prominent</ex> character</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Prominent' moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any moth of the family <spn>Notodontid\'91</spn>; a notodontian; -- so called because the larva has a hump or prominence on its back. Several of the species are injurious to fruit trees.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prominently</h1>
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<hw>Prom"i*nent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a prominent manner.</def>

<h1>Promiscuity</h1>
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<hw>Pro`mis*cu"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Promiscuousness; confusion.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Promiscuous</h1>
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<hw>Pro*mis"cu*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>promiscuus</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> before, in place of, for + <ets>miscere</ets> to mix. See <er>Mix</er>. ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of individuals united in a body or mass without order; mingled; confused; undistinguished; <as>as, a <ex>promiscuous</ex> crowd or mass</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A wild, where weeds and flowers <b>promiscuous</b> shoot.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Distributed or applied without order or discrimination; not restricted to an individual; common; indiscriminate; <as>as, <ex>promiscuous</ex> love or intercourse</as>.</def>

<h1>Promiscuously</h1>
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<hw>Pro*mis"cu*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a promiscuous manner.</def>

<h1>Promiscuousness</h1>
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<hw>Pro*mis"cu*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being promiscuous.</def>

<h1>Promise</h1>
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<hw>Prom"ise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>promesse</ets>, L. <ets>promissum</ets>, fr. <ets>promittere</ets>, <ets>promissum</ets>, to put forth, foretell, promise; <ets>pro</ets> forward, for + <ets>mittere</ets> to send. See <er>Mission</er>. ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In general, a declaration, written or verbal, made by one person to another, which binds the person who makes it to do, or to forbear to do, a specified act; a declaration which gives to the person to whom it is made a right to expect or to claim the performance or forbearance of a specified act.</def>

<blockquote>For if the inheritance be of the law, it is no more of <b>promise</b>: but God gave it to Abraham by <b>promise</b>.
<i>Gal. iii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An engagement by one person to another, either in words or in writing, but properly not under seal, for the performance or nonperformance of some particular thing.  The word <i>promise</i> is used to denote the mere engagement of a person, without regard to the consideration for it, or the corresponding duty of the party to whom it is made.</def>

<i>Chitty. Parsons. Burrill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which causes hope, expectation, or assurance; especially, that which affords expectation of future distinction; <as>as, a youth of great <ex>promise</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>My native country was full of youthful <b>promise</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Bestowal, fulfillment, or grant of what is promised.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the <b>promise</b> of the Father.
<i>Acts i. 4.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Promise</h1>
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<hw>Prom"ise</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Promised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Promising</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To engage to do, give, make, or to refrain from doing, giving, or making, or the like; to covenant; to engage; <as>as, to <ex>promise</ex> a visit; to <ex>promise</ex> a cessation of hostilities; to <ex>promise</ex> the payment of money.</as></def> "To <i>promise</i> aid."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To afford reason to expect; to cause hope or assurance of; <as>as, the clouds <ex>promise</ex> rain</as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make declaration of or give assurance of, as some benefit to be conferred; to pledge or engage to bestow; <as>as, the proprietors <ex>promised</ex> large tracts of land; the city <ex>promised</ex> a reward.</as></def>

<cs><col>Promised land</col>. <cd>See <cref>Land of promise</cref>, under <er>Land</er>.</cd> -- <col>To promise one's self</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To resolve; to determine; to vow</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be assured; to have strong confidence.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>I dare <b>promise myself</b> you will attest the truth of all I have advanced.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Promise</h1>
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<hw>Prom"ise</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To give assurance by a promise, or binding declaration.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To afford hopes or expectation; to give ground to expect good; rarely, to give reason to expect evil.</def>

<blockquote>Will not the ladies be afeard of the lion?
I fear it, I <b>promise</b> you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Promisee</h1>
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<hw>Prom`is*ee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person to whom a promise is made.</def>

<h1>Promiser</h1>
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<hw>Prom"is*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who promises.</def>

<h1>Promising</h1>
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<hw>Prom"is*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making a promise or promises; affording hope or assurance; <as>as, <ex>promising</ex> person; a <ex>promising</ex> day.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Prom"is*ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Promisor</h1>
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<hw>Prom"is*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who engages or undertakes; a promiser.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Promissive</h1>
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<hw>Pro*mis"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making a promise; implying a promise; promising.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hr>
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Page 1147<p>

<h1>Promissorily</h1>
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<hw>Prom"is*so*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a promissory manner.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Promissory</h1>
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<hw>Prom"is*so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing a promise or binding declaration of something to be done or forborne.</def>

<cs><col>Promissory note</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a written promise to pay to some person named, and at a time specified therein, or on demand, or at sight, a certain sum of money, absolutely and at all events; -- frequently called a <altname>note of hand</altname>.</cd></cs>

<i>Kent. Byles. Story.</i>

<h1>Promont</h1>
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<hw>Prom"ont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Promontory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Promontory</h1>
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<hw>Prom"on*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Promontories</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[ L. <ets>promonturium</ets>, <ets>promunturium</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> before + <ets>mons</ets>, <ets>montis</ets>, mountain: cf. F. <ets>promontoire</ets>. See <er>Mount</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld> <def>A high point of land or rock projecting into the sea beyond the line of coast; a headland; a high cape.</def>

<blockquote>Like one that stands upon a <b>promontory</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A projecting part. Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> The projecting angle of the ventral side of the sacrum where it joins the last lumbar vertebra. <sd>(b)</sd> A prominence on the inner wall of the tympanum of the ear.</def>

<h1>Promerphological</h1>
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<hw>Pro*mer`pho*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to promorphology; <as>as, a <ex>promorphological</ex> conception</as>.</def>

<h1>Promorphologist</h1>
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<hw>Pro`mor*phol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One versed in the science of promorphology.</def>

<h1>Promorphology</h1>
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<hw>Pro`mor*phol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + <ets>morphology</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Crystallography of organic forms; -- a division of morphology created by Haeckel. It is essentially stereometric, and relates to a mathematical conception of organic forms. See <er>Tectology</er>.</def>

<h1>Promote</h1>
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<hw>Pro*mote"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Promoted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Promoting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>promotus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>promovere</ets> to move forward, to promote; <ets>pro</ets> forward + <ets>movere</ets> to move. See <er>Move</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To contribute to the growth, enlargement, or prosperity of (any process or thing that is in course); to forward; to further; to encourage; to advance; to excite; <as>as, to <ex>promote</ex> learning; to <ex>promote</ex> disorder; to <ex>promote</ex> a business venture.</as></def> "Born to <i>promote</i> all truth."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exalt in station, rank, or honor; to elevate; to raise; to prefer; to advance; <as>as, to promote an officer</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>promote</b> thee unto very great honor.
<i>Num. xxii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Exalt her, and she shall <b>promote</b> thee.
<i>Prov. iv. 18.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To forward; advance; further; patronize; help; exalt; prefer; elevate; dignify.</syn>

<h1>Promote</h1>
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<hw>Pro*mote"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To urge on or incite another, as to strife; also, to inform against a person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Promoter</h1>
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<hw>Pro*mot"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, forwards, advances, or promotes; an encourager; <as>as, a <ex>promoter</ex> of charity or philosophy</as>.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, one who sets on foot, and takes the preliminary steps in, a scheme for the organization of a corporation, a joint-stock company, or the like.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who excites; <as>as, a <ex>promoter</ex> of sedition</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An informer; a makebate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<h1>Promottion</h1>
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<hw>Pro*mot"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>promotio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>promotion</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of promoting, advancing, or encouraging; the act of exalting in rank or honor; also, the condition of being advanced, encouraged, or exalted in honor; preferment.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote><b>Promotion</b> cometh neither from the east, nor from the west, nor from the south.
<i>Ps. lxxv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Promotive</h1>
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<hw>Pro*mo"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to advance, promote, or encourage.</def>

<i>Hume.</i>

<h1>Promove</h1>
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<hw>Pro*move"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Promote</er>.]</ety> <def>To move forward; to advance; to promote.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Fell.</i>

<h1>Promover</h1>
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<hw>Pro*mov"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A promoter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Promt</h1>
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<hw>Promt</hw> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Prompter</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Promptest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>prompt</ets>, L. <ets>promptus</ets>, properly, brought forth (to light or view), hence, visible, evident, at hand, ready, quick, -- p. p. of <ets>promere</ets> to take or bring forth; <ets>pro</ets> forth + <ets>emere</ets> to take. See <er>Redeem</er>. ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Ready and quick to act as occasion demands; meeting requirements readily; not slow, dilatory, or hesitating in decision or action; responding on the instant; immediate; <as>as, <ex>prompt</ex> in obedience or compliance</as>; -- said of persons.</def>

<blockquote>Very discerning and <b>prompt</b> in giving orders.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Tell him I am <b>prompt</b>
To lay my crown at's feet.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Any you, perhaps, too <b>prompt</b> in your replies.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Done or rendered quickly, readily, or immediately; given without delay or hesitation; -- said of conduct; <as>as, <ex>prompt</ex> assistance</as>.</def>

<blockquote>When Washington heard the voice of his country in distress,
his obedience was <b>prompt</b>.
<i>Ames.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Easy; unobstructed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The reception of the light into the body of the building was very <b>prompt</b>.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Ready; expeditious; quick; agile; alert; brisk; nimble.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Prompt</er>, <er>Ready</er>, <er>Expeditious</er>. One who is <i>ready</i> is prepared to act at the moment. One who is <i>prompt</i> acts at the moment. One who is <i>expeditious</i> carries through an undertaking with constant promptness.</usage>

<h1>Prompt</h1>
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<hw>Prompt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A limit of time given for payment of an account for produce purchased, this limit varying with different goods. See <er>Prompt-note</er>.</def>

<blockquote>To cover any probable difference of price which might arise before the expiration of the <b>prompt</b>, which for this article [tea] is three months.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prompt</h1>
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<hw>Prompt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prompted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prompting</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To assist or induce the action of; to move to action; to instigate; to incite.</def>

<blockquote>God first . . . <b>prompted</b> on the infirmities of the infant world by temporal prosperity.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To suggest; to dictate.</def>

<blockquote>And whispering angles <b>prompt</b> her golden dreams.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To remind, as an actor or an orator, of words or topics forgotten.</def>

<h1>Prompt-book</h1>
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<hw>Prompt"-book`</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The book used by a prompter of a theater.</def>

<h1>Prompter</h1>
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<hw>Prompt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, prompts; one who admonishes or incites to action.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who reminds another, as an actor or an orator, of the words to be spoken next; specifically, one employed for this purpose in a theater.</def>

<h1>Promptitude</h1>
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<hw>Prompt"i*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>promptitudo</ets>. See <er>Prompt</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>The quality of being prompt; quickness of decision and action when occasion demands; alacrity; <as>as, <ex>promptitude</ex> in obedience</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Men of action, of <b>promptitude</b>, and of courage.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Promptly</h1>
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<hw>Prompt"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a prompt manner.</def>

<h1>Promptness</h1>
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<hw>Prompt"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Promptitude; readiness; quickness of decision or action.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cheerful willingness; alacrity.</def>

<h1>Prompt-note</h1>
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<hw>Prompt"-note`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A memorandum of a sale, and time when payment is due, given to the purchaser at a sale of goods.</def>

<h1>Promptuary</h1>
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<hw>Promp"tu*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to preparation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Promptuary</h1>
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<hw>Promp"tu*a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>promptuarium</ets>, fr. <ets>promptuarius</ets> belonging to distribution, distributing: cf, F. <ets>promptuaire</ets>. See <er>Prompt</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>That from which supplies are drawn; a storehouse; a magazine; a repository.</def>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Prompture</h1>
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<hw>Promp"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Prompt</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>Suggestion; incitement; prompting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak. Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Promulgate</h1>
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<hw>Pro*mul"gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Promulgated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Promulgating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>promulgatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>promulgare</ets> to promulgate; of unknown origin. Cf. <er>Promulge</er>.]</ety> <def>To make known by open declaration, as laws, decrees, or tidings; to publish; <as>as, to <ex>promulgate</ex> the secrets of a council</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To publish; declare; proclaim. See <er>Announce</er>.</syn>

<h1>Promulgation</h1>
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<hw>Pro`mul*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>promulgatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>promulgation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of promulgating; publication; open declaration; <as>as, the <ex>promulgation</ex> of the gospel</as>.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Promulgator</h1>
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<hw>Pro"mul*ga`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who promulgates or publishes.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Promulge</h1>
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<hw>Pro*mulge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Promulged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Promulging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>promulguer</ets>. See <er>Promulgate</er>.]</ety> <def>To promulgate; to publish or teach.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<blockquote>Extraordinary doctrines these for the age in which they were <b>promulged</b>.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Promulger</h1>
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<hw>Pro*mul"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who promulges or publishes what was before unknown.</def>

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<h1>Promuscis</h1>
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<hw>Pro*mus"cis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., corruption of <ets>proboscis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The proboscis of hemipterous insects. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Hemiptera</er>.</def>

<h1>Pronaos</h1>
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<hw>Pro*na"os</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ before + <?/ temple.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The porch or vestibule of a temple.</def>

<h1>Pronate</h1>
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<hw>Pro"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pronatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>pronare</ets> to bend forward. See <ets>Prone</ets>.]</ety> <def>Somewhat prone; inclined; <as>as, <ex>pronate</ex> trees</as>.</def>

<i>Kane.</i>

<h1>Pronation</h1>
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<hw>Pro*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pronation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of turning the palm or palmar surface of the forefoot downward.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That motion of the forearm whereby the palm or palmar, surface is turned downward.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The position of the limb resulting from the act of pronation. Opposed to <i>supination</i>.</def>

<h1>Pronator</h1>
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<hw>Pro*na"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which produces pronation.</def>

<h1>Prone</h1>
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<hw>Prone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pronus</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/, <?/, Skr. <ets>pravana</ets> sloping, inclined, and also to L. <ets>pro</ets> forward, for. See <er>Pro-</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Bending forward; inclined; not erect.</def>

<blockquote>Towards him they bend
With awful reverence <b>prone</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Prostrate; flat; esp., lying with the face down; -- opposed to <i>supine</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Which, as the wind,
Blew where it listed, laying all things <b>prone</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Headlong; running downward or headlong.</def> "Down thither <i>prone</i> in flight."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Sloping, with reference to a line or surface; declivous; inclined; not level.</def>

<blockquote>Since the floods demand,
For their descent, a <b>prone</b> and sinking land.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Inclined; propense; disposed; -- applied to the mind or affections, usually in an ill sense. Followed by <i>to</i>.</def> "<i>Prone</i> to mischief."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Poets are nearly all <b>prone</b> to melancholy.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pronely</h1>
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<hw>Prone"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a prone manner or position.</def>

<h1>Proneness</h1>
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<hw>Prone"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being prone, or of bending downward; <as>as, the <ex>proneness</ex> of beasts is opposed to the erectness of man</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of lying with the face down; -- opposed to <i>supineness</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Descent; declivity; <as>as, the <ex>proneness</ex> of a hill</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Inclination of mind, heart, or temper; propension; disposition; <as>as, <ex>proneness</ex> to self-gratification</as>.</def>

<h1>Pronephric</h1>
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<hw>Pro*neph"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the pronephros.</def>

<mhw><h1>Pronephros, Pronephron</h1>
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<hw>Pro*neph"ros</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pro*neph"ron</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[ NL., fr. Gr. <?/ before + <?/ a kidney.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The head kidney. See under <er>Head</er>.</def>

<h1>Prong</h1>
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<hw>Prong</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>prangen</ets> to pinch, press, LG. <ets>prange</ets> a stick, or W. <ets>procio</ets> to thrust, E. <ets>prowl</ets>, <ets>pang</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A sharp-pointed instrument.</def>

<blockquote>Prick it on a <b>prong</b> of iron.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The tine of a fork, or of a similar instrument; <as>as, a fork of two or three <ex>prongs</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A sharp projection, as of an antler.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The fang of a tooth.</def>

<h1>Prongbuck</h1>
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<hw>Prong"buck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The springbuck.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The pronghorn.</def>

<h1>Pronged</h1>
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<hw>Pronged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having prongs or projections like the tines of a fork; <as>as, a three-<ex>pronged</ex> fork</as>.</def>

<h1>Prong-hoe</h1>
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<hw>Prong"-hoe`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A hoe with prongs to break the earth.</def>

<h1>Pronghorn</h1>
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<hw>Prong"horn`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American antelope (<spn>Antilocapra Americana</spn>), native of the plain near the Rocky Mountains. The upper parts are mostly yellowish brown; the under parts, the sides of the head and throat, and the buttocks, are white. The horny sheath of the horns is shed annually. Called also <altname>cabr\'82e</altname>, <altname>cabut</altname>, <altname>prongbuck</altname>, and <altname>pronghorned antelope</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pronity</h1>
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<hw>Pro"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pronitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Proneness; propensity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Pronominal</h1>
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<hw>Pro*nom"i*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pronominalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pronominal</ets>. See <er>Pronoun</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or partaking of the nature of, a pronoun.</def>

<h1>Pronominalize</h1>
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<hw>Pro*nom"i*nal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give the effect of a pronoun to; <as>as, to <ex>pronominalize</ex> the substantives <ex>person</ex>, <ex>people</ex>, etc</as>.</def>

<i>Early.</i>

<h1>Pronominally</h1>
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<hw>Pro*nom"i*nal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pronominal manner<?/ with the nature or office of a pronoun; as a pronoun.</def>

<h1>Prononc\'82</h1>
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<hw>Pro`non`c\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Pronounce</er>.]</ety> <def>Strongly marked; decided, as in manners, etc.</def>

<h1>Pronotary</h1>
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<hw>Pro*no"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Prothonotary</er>.</def>

<h1>Pronotum</h1>
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<hw>Pro*no"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pronota</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Pro-</er>, and <er>Notum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dorsal plate of the prothorax in insects. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Coleoptera</er>.</def>

<h1>Pronoun</h1>
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<hw>Pro"noun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + <ets>noun</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pronom</ets>, L. <ets>pronomen</ets>. See <er>Noun</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word used instead of a noun or name, to avoid the repetition of it. The personal pronouns in English are <i>I</i>, <i>thou</i> or <i>you</i>, <i>he</i>, <i>she</i>, <i>it</i>, <i>we</i>, <i>ye</i>, and <i>they</i>.</def><-- accusatives? me, them, us -->

<h1>Pronounce</h1>
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<hw>Pro*nounce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pronounced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pronounging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>prononcer</ets>, L. <ets>pronunciare</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> before, forth + <ets>nunciare</ets>, <ets>nuntiare</ets>, to announce. See <er>Announce</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter articulately; to speak out or distinctly; to utter, as words or syllables; to speak with the proper sound and accent <as>as, adults rarely learn to <ex>pronounce</ex> a foreign language correctly</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To utter officially or solemnly; to deliver, as a decree or sentence; <as>as, to <ex>pronounce</ex> sentence of death</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sternly he <b>pronounced</b>
The rigid interdiction.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To speak or utter rhetorically; to deliver; to recite; <as>as, to <ex>pronounce</ex> an oration</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Speak the speech, I pray you, as I <b>pronounced</b> it to you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To declare or affirm; <as>as, he <ex>pronounced</ex> the book to be a libel; he <ex>pronounced</ex> the act to be a fraud.</as></def>

<blockquote>The God who hallowed thee and blessed,
<b>Pronouncing</b> thee all good.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To deliver; utter; speak. See <er>Deliver</er>.</syn>

<h1>Pronounce</h1>
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<hw>Pro*nounce"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To give a pronunciation; to articulate; <as>as, to <ex>pronounce</ex> faultlessly</as>.</def>

<i>Earle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make declaration; to utter on opinion; to speak with confidence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Pronounce</h1>
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<hw>Pro*nounce"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pronouncement; declaration; pronunciation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Pronounceable</h1>
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<hw>Pro*nounce"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>pronunciabilis</ets> declarative.]</ety> <def>Capable of being pronounced.</def>

<h1>Pronounced</h1>
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<hw>Pro*nounced"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>prononc\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Strongly marked; unequivocal; decided. <note>[A Gallicism]</note></def>

<blockquote>[His]  views became every day more <b>pronounced</b>.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pronouncement</h1>
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<hw>Pro*nounce"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of pronouncing; a declaration; a formal announcement.</def>

<h1>Pronouncer</h1>
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<hw>Pro*noun"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pronounces, utters, or declares; also, a pronouncing book.</def>

<h1>Pronouncing</h1>
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<hw>Pro*noun"cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or indicating, pronunciation; <as>as, a <ex>pronouncing</ex> dictionary</as>.</def>

<h1>Pronubial</h1>
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<hw>Pro*nu"bi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pronuba</ets> bridesmaid; <ets>pro</ets> before + <ets>nubere</ets> to marry.]</ety> <def>Presiding over marriage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pronucleus</h1>
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<hw>Pro*nu"cle*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pronuclei</plw> <tt>(-&imac;)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Pro-</er>, and <er>Nucleus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the two bodies or nuclei (called <i>male</i> and <i>female pronuclei</i>) which unite to form the first segmentation nucleus of an impregnated ovum.</def>

<note>&hand; In the maturing of the ovum preparatory to impregnation, a part of the germinal vesicle (see <cref>Polar body</cref>, under <er>Polar</er>) becomes converted into a number of small vesicles, which aggregate themselves into a single clear nucleus. which travels towards the center of the egg and is called the <i>female pronucleus</i>. In impregnation, the spermatozo\'94n which enters the egg soon loses its tail, while the head forms a nucleus, called the <i>male pronucleus</i>, which gradually travels towards the female pronucleus and eventually fuses with it, forming the first segmentation nucleus.</note>

<h1>Pronuncial</h1>
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<hw>Pro*nun"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to pronunciation; pronunciative.</def>

<h1>Pronunciamento</h1>
<Xpage=1147>

<hw>Pro*nun`ci*a*men"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A proclamation or manifesto; a formal announcement or declaration.</def>

<h1>Pronunciamiento</h1>
<Xpage=1147>

<hw>Pro*nun`ci*a`mi"en"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. See <er>Pronounce</er>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Pronunciamento</er>.</def>

<h1>Pronunciation</h1>
<Xpage=1147>

<hw>Pro*nun`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pronunciation</ets>, L. <ets>pronunciatio</ets>. See <er>Pronounce</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of uttering with articulation; the act of giving the proper sound and accent; utterance; <as>as, the <ex>pronunciation</ex> of syllables of words; distinct or indistinct <ex>pronunciation</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The mode of uttering words or sentences.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The art of manner of uttering a discourse publicly with propriety and gracefulness; -- now called <altname>delivery</altname>.</def>

<i>J. Q. Adams.</i>

<h1>Pronunciative</h1>
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<hw>Pro*nun"ci*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pronunciativus</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to pronunciation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Uttering confidently; dogmatical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Pronunciator</h1>
<Xpage=1147>

<hw>Pro*nun"ci*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a reciter.]</ety> <def>One who pronounces; a pronouncer.</def>

<hr>
<page="1148">
Page 1148<p>

<h1>Pronunciatory</h1>
<Xpage=1148>

<hw>Pro*nun"ci*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to pronunciation; that pronounces.</def>

<h1>Proof</h1>
<Xpage=1148>

<hw>Proof</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>prove</ets>, <ets>proeve</ets>, F. <ets>preuve</ets>, fr. L. <ets>proba</ets>, fr. <ets>probare</ets> to prove. See <er>Prove</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth; an act of testing; a test; a trial.</def>

<blockquote>For whatsoever mother wit or art
Could work, he put in <b>proof</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You shall have many <b>proofs</b> to show your skill.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Formerly, a very rude mode of ascertaining the strength of spirits was practiced, called the <b>proof</b>.
<i>Ure.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief; a test by facts or arguments that induce, or tend to induce, certainty of the judgment; conclusive evidence; demonstration.</def>

<blockquote>I'll have some <b>proof</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is no <b>proof</b> of a man's understanding to be able to confirm whatever he pleases.
<i>Emerson.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Properly speaking, <i>proof</i> is the effect or result of evidence, evidence is the medium of proof. Cf. <er>Demonstration</er>, 1.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The quality or state of having been proved or tried; firmness or hardness that resists impression, or does not yield to force; impenetrability of physical bodies.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Firmness of mind; stability not to be shaken.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A trial impression, as from type, taken for correction or examination; -- called also <altname>proof sheet</altname>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed.  Cf. <er>Prove</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 5.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Armor of excellent or tried quality, and deemed impenetrable; properly, <i>armor of proof</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Artist's proof</col>, <cd>a very early proof impression of an engraving, or the like; -- often distinguished by the artist's signature.</cd> -- <col>Proof reader</col>, <cd>one who reads, and marks correction in, proofs. See def. 5, above.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Testimony; evidence; reason; argument; trial; demonstration. See <er>Testimony</er>.</syn>

<h1>Proof</h1>
<Xpage=1148>

<hw>Proof</hw>, <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Used in proving or testing; <as>as, a <ex>proof</ex> load, or <ex>proof</ex> charge</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Firm or successful in resisting; <as>as, <ex>proof</ex> against harm; water<ex>proof</ex>; bomb<ex>proof</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>I . . . have found thee
<b>Proof</b> against all temptation.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This was a good, stout <b>proof</b> article of faith.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Being of a certain standard as to strength; -- said of alcoholic liquors.</def><-- in the United States, "proof" is a measure of alcohol concentration expressed as percent of the concentration of "proof spirit" defined below, i.e. a beverage of 100 proof is 50% alcohol by volume. -->

<cs><col>Proof charge</col> <fld>(Firearms)</fld>, <cd>a charge of powder and ball, greater than the service charge, fired in an arm, as a gun or cannon, to test its strength.</cd> -- <col>Proof impression</col>. <cd>See under <er>Impression</er>.</cd> -- <col>Proof load</col> <fld>(Engin.)</fld>, <cd>the greatest load than can be applied to a piece, as a beam, column, etc., without straining the piece beyond the elastic limit.</cd> -- <col>Proof sheet</col>. <cd>See <er>Proof</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</cd> -- <col>Proof spirit</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a strong distilled liquor, or mixture of alcohol and water, containing not less than a standard amount of alcohol. In the United States "proof spirit is defined by law to be that mixture of alcohol and water which contains one half of its volume of alcohol, the alcohol when at a temperature of 60&deg; Fahrenheit being of specific gravity 0.7939 referred to water at its maximum density as unity. Proof spirit has at 60&deg; Fahrenheit a specific gravity of 0.93353, 100 parts by volume of the same consisting of 50 parts of absolute alcohol and 53.71 parts of water," the apparent excess of water being due to contraction of the liquids on mixture. In England proof spirit is defined by Act 58, George III., to be such as shall at a temperature of 51&deg; Fahrenheit weigh exactly the <frac12x13/ part of an equal measure of distilled water. This contains 49.3 per cent by weight, or 57.09 by volume, of alcohol. Stronger spirits, as those of about 60, 70, and 80 per cent of alcohol, are sometimes called <i>second<i>, <i>third<i>, and <i>fourth proof spirits<i> respectively.</cd> -- <col>Proof staff</col>, <cd>a straight-edge used by millers to test the flatness of a stone.</cd> -- <col>Proof stick</col> <fld>(Sugar Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a rod in the side of a vacuum pan, for testing the consistency of the sirup.</cd> -- <col>Proof text</col>, <cd>a passage of Scripture used to prove a doctrine.</cd></cs>
<-- <mcol><col>proof coin</col> or <col>proof</col></mcol>, <cd>a coin which has been specially struck, to produce the finest specimen of its type.</cd> <note>Usually such coins are double-struck from polished dies, and the raised features are sometimes frosted.  They thus have sharper features and more mirror-like fields than production coins (i.e. those coins struck for circulation); they are considered by coin collectors as the most desirable specimens of each coin, and usually sell at a premium to their corresponding production coins.</note>  -->

<h1>Proof-arm</h1>
<Xpage=1148>

<hw>Proof`-arm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To arm with proof armor; to arm securely; <as>as, to <ex>proof-arm</ex> herself</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Proofless</h1>
<Xpage=1148>

<hw>Proof"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wanting sufficient evidence to induce belief; not proved.</def> <i>Boyle</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Proof"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Proof-proof</h1>
<Xpage=1148>

<hw>Proof"-proof`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Proof against proofs; obstinate in the wrong.</def> "That might have shown to any one who was not <i>proof-proof</i>."

<i>Whateley.</i>

<h1>Pro\'94stracum</h1>
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<hw>Pro*\'94s"tra*cum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pro\'94straca</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ before + <?/ shell of a testacean.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The anterior prolongation of the guard of the phragmocone of belemnites and allied fossil cephalopods, whether horny or calcareous. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Phragmocone</er>.</def>

<h1>Pro\'94tic</h1>
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<hw>Pro*\'94"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, an ear.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>In front of the auditory capsule; -- applied especially to a bone, or center of ossification, in the periotic capsule.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A pro\'94tic bone.</def></def2>

<h1>Prop</h1>
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<hw>Prop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shell, used as a die. See <er>Props</er>.</def>

<h1>Prop</h1>
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<hw>Prop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Propped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Propping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to LG. & D. <ets>proppen</ets> to cram, stuff, thrust into, stop, G. <ets>pfropfen</ets>, Dan. <ets>proppe</ets>, Sw. <ets>proppa</ets>; of uncertain origin, cf. G. <ets>pfropfen</ets> to graft, fr. L. <ets>propago</ets> set, layer of a plant, slip, shoot. Cf. 3d. <er>Prop</er>, <er>Propagate</er>.]</ety> <def>To support, or prevent from falling, by placing something under or against; <as>as, to <ex>prop</ex> up a fence or an old building</as>; (<mark>Fig</mark>.)  to sustain; to maintain; <as>as, to <ex>prop</ex> a declining state</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Till the bright mountains <b>prop</b> the incumbent sky.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For being not <b>propp'd</b> by ancestry.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>prop</b> myself upon those few supports that are left me.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prop</h1>
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<hw>Prop</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to LG., D., & Dan. <ets>prop</ets> stopple, stopper, cork, Sw. <ets>propp</ets>, G. <ets>pfropf</ets>. See <er>Prop</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <def>That which sustains an incumbent weight; that on which anything rests or leans for support; a support; a stay; <as>as, a <ex>prop</ex> for a building</as>.</def> "Two <i>props</i> of virtue."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Prop\'91deutic, Prop\'91deutical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pro`p\'91*deu"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pro`p\'91*deu"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to teach beforehand; <?/ before + <?/ to bring up a child, to educate, teach, fr. <?/, <?/, a child.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or conveying, preliminary instruction; introductory to any art or science; instructing beforehand.</def>

<h1>Prop\'91deutics</h1>
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<hw>Pro`p\'91*deu"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The preliminary learning connected with any art or science; preparatory instruction.</def>

<h1>Propagable</h1>
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<hw>Prop"a*ga*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Propagate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being propagated, or of being continued or multiplied by natural generation or production.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being spread or extended by any means; -- said of tenets, doctrines, or principles.</def>

<h1>Propaganda</h1>
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<hw>Prop`a*gan"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. L. <ets>de propaganda fide</ets>: cf. F. <ets>propagande</ets>. See <er>Propagate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A congregation of cardinals, established in 1622, charged with the management of missions.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The college of the Propaganda, instituted by Urban VIII. (1623-1644) to educate priests for missions in all parts of the world.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, any organization or plan for spreading a particular doctrine or a system of principles.</def>

<h1>Propagandism</h1>
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<hw>Prop`a*gan"dism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>propagandisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or practice of propagating tenets or principles; zeal in propagating one's opinions.</def>

<h1>Propagandist</h1>
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<hw>Prop`a*gan"dist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>propagandiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person who devotes himself to the spread of any system of principles.</def> "Political <i>propagandists</i>."

<i>Walsh.</i>

<-- propagandize.  To spread one's beliefs.  Often used in a negative sense, meaning to deliberately make misleading or false statements so as to convert others to one's beliefs, or to convince others to vote for a particular political candidate. -->

<h1>Propagate</h1>
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<hw>Prop"a*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Propagated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Propagating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>propagatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>propagare</ets> to propagate, akin to <ets>propages</ets>, <ets>propago</ets>, a layer of a plant, slip, shoot. See <er>Pro-</er>, and cf. <er>Pact</er>, <er>Prop</er>, <er>Prune</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to continue or multiply by generation, or successive production; -- applied to animals and plants; <as>as, to <ex>propagate</ex> a breed of horses or sheep; to <ex>propagate</ex> a species of fruit tree.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to spread to extend; to impel or continue forward in space; <as>as, to <ex>propagate</ex> sound or light</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To spread from person to person; to extend the knowledge of; to originate and spread; to carry from place to place; to disseminate; <as>as, to <ex>propagate</ex> a story or report; to <ex>propagate</ex> the Christian religion.</as></def>

<blockquote>The infection was <b>propagated</b> insensibly.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To multiply; to increase.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Griefs of mine own lie heavy in my breast,
Which thou wilt <b>propagate</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To generate; to produce.</def>

<blockquote>Motion <b>propagated</b> motion, and life threw off life.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To multiply; continue; increase; spread; diffuse; disseminate; promote.</syn>

<h1>Propagate</h1>
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<hw>Prop"a*gate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To have young or issue; to be produced or multiplied by generation, or by new shoots or plants; <as>as, rabbits <ex>propagate</ex> rapidly</as>.</def>

<blockquote>No need that thou
Should'st <b>propagate</b>, already infinite.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Propagation</h1>
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<hw>Prop`a*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propagatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>propagation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of propagating; continuance or multiplication of the kind by generation or successive production; <as>as, the <ex>propagation</ex> of animals or plants</as>.</def>

<blockquote>There is not in nature any spontaneous generation, but all come by <b>propagation</b>.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The spreading abroad, or extension, of anything; diffusion; dissemination; <as>as, the <ex>propagation</ex> of sound; the <ex>propagation</ex> of the gospel.</as></def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Propagative</h1>
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<hw>Prop"a*ga*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Producing by propagation, or by a process of growth.</def>

<h1>Propagator</h1>
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<hw>Prop"a*ga`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>propagateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who propagates; one who continues or multiplies.</def>

<h1>Propagulum</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pag"u*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Propagula</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Propagate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A runner terminated by a germinating bud.</def>

<h1>Propane</h1>
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<hw>Pro"pane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Propy</ets>l + meth<ets>ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A heavy gaseous hydrocarbon, <chform>C3H8</chform>, of the paraffin series, occurring naturally dissolved in crude petroleum, and also made artificially; -- called also <altname>propyl hydride</altname>.</def>

<h1>Propargyl</h1>
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<hw>Pro*par"gyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Prop</ets>inyl + Gr. <?/ silver + <ets>-yl</ets>. So called because one hydrogen atom may be replaced by silver.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Propinyl</er>.</def>

<h1>Proparoxytone</h1>
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<hw>Pro`par*ox"y*tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Pro-</er>, and <er>Paroxytone</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Gram.)</fld> <def>A word which has the acute accent on the antepenult.</def>

<h1>Proped</h1>
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<hw>Pro"ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + L. <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Proleg</er>.</def>

<h1>Propel</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Propelled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Propelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>propellere</ets>, <ets>propulsum</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> forward + <ets>pellere</ets> to drive. See <er>Pulse</er> a beating.]</ety> <def>To drive forward; to urge or press onward by force; to move, or cause to move; <as>as, the wind or steam <ex>propels</ex> ships; balls are <ex>propelled</ex> by gunpowder.</as></def>

<h1>Propeller</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pel"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, propels.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A contrivance for propelling a steam vessel, usually consisting of a screw placed in the stern under water, and made to revolve by an engine; a propeller wheel.</def>
<-- (b) an analogous device, rotated by an engine at high speed to provide the forward thrust which propels an airplane through the atmosphere. On each engine is a propeller consisting of a set of at least two elongated blades attached symmetrically to a central rotor. -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A steamboat thus propelled; a screw steamer.</def>

<cs><col>Propeller wheel</col>,<cd>the screw, usually having two or more blades, used in propelling a vessel.</cd><-- propeller blade, the elongated part of an airplane propeller --></cs>

<h1>Propend</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propendere</ets>, <ets>propensum</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> forward, forth + <ets>pendere</ets> to hang. See <er>Pendent</er>.]</ety> <def>To lean toward a thing; to be favorably inclined or disposed; to incline; to tend.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>We shall <b>propend</b> to it, as a stone falleth down.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Propendency</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pend"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Propensity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attentive deliberation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Propendent</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pend"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propendens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Inclining forward or toward.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Propene</h1>
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<hw>Pro"pene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Prop</ets>yl + ethyl<ets>ene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Propylene</er>.</def>

<h1>Propense</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pense"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propensus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Propend</er>.]</ety> <def>Leaning toward, in a moral sense; inclined; disposed; prone; <as>as, women <ex>propense</ex> to holiness</as>.</def> <i>Hooker</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Pro*pense"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pro*pense"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Propension</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pen"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propensio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>propension</ets>. See <er>Propend</er>, <er>Propense</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being propense; propensity.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<blockquote>Your full consent
Gave wings to my <b>propension</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Propensity</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pen"si*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Propensities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The quality or state of being propense; natural inclination; disposition to do good or evil; bias; bent; tendency.</def> "A <i>propensity</i> to utter blasphemy."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Disposition; bias; inclination; proclivity; proneness; bent; tendency.</syn>

<h1>Propenyl</h1>
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<hw>Pro"pe*nyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Propene</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hypothetical hydrocarbon radical, <chform>C3H5</chform>, isomeric with allyl and glyceryl, and regarded as the essential residue of glycerin. Cf. <er>Allyl</er>, and <er>Glyceryl</er>.</def>

<h1>Propepsin</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pep"sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + <ets>pepsin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Persinogen</er>.</def>

<h1>Propeptone</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pep"tone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + <ets>peptone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A product of gastric digestion intermediate between albumin and peptone, identical with hemialbumose.</def>

<h1>Proper</h1>
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<hw>Prop"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>propre</ets>, F. <ets>propre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>proprius</ets>. Cf. <er>Appropriate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Belonging to one; one's own; individual.</def> "His <i>proper</i> good" [<it>i. e.</it>, his <i>own</i> possessions]. <i>Chaucer</i>. "My <i>proper</i> son."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Now learn the difference, at your <b>proper</b> cost,
Betwixt true valor and an empty boast.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Belonging to the natural or essential constitution; peculiar; not common; particular; <as>as, every animal has his <ex>proper</ex> instincts and appetites</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Those high and peculiar attributes . . . which constitute our <b>proper</b> humanity.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Befitting one's nature, qualities, etc.; suitable in all respect; appropriate; right; fit; decent; <as>as, water is the <ex>proper</ex> element for fish; a <ex>proper</ex> dress.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>proper</b> study of mankind is man.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In Athens all was pleasure, mirth, and play,
All <b>proper</b> to the spring, and sprightly May.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Becoming in appearance; well formed; handsome.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "Thou art a <i>proper</i> man."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Moses . . . was hid three months of his parents, because they saw he was a <b>proper</b> child.
<i>Heb. xi. 23.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Pertaining to one of a species, but not common to the whole; not appellative; -- opposed to <i>common</i>; <as>as, a <ex>proper</ex> name; Dublin is the <ex>proper</ex> name of a city.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Rightly so called; strictly considered; <as>as, Greece <ex>proper</ex>; the garden <ex>proper</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Represented in its natural color; -- said of any object used as a charge.</def>

<cs><col>In proper</col>, <cd>individually; privately. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Jer. Taylor</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Proper flower</col> &or; <col>corolla</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>one of the single florets, or corollets, in an aggregate or compound flower.</cd> -- <col>Proper fraction</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <cd>a fraction in which the numerator is less than the denominator.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Proper nectary</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a nectary separate from the petals and other parts of the flower.</cd> -- <col>Proper noun</col></mcol> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>a name belonging to an individual, by which it is distinguished from others of the same class; -- opposed to <ant>common noun</ant>; as, <i>John<i>, <i>Boston<i>, <i>America<i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Proper perianth</col> &or; <col>involucre</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>that which incloses only a single flower.</cd> -- <col>Proper receptacle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a receptacle which supports only a single flower or fructification.</cd></cs>

<h1>Proper</h1>
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<hw>Prop"er</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Properly; hence, to a great degree; very; <as>as, <ex>proper</ex> good</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq & Vulgar]</mark>

<h1>Properate</h1>
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<hw>Prop"er*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>properatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>properare</ets> to hasten.]</ety> <def>To hasten, or press forward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Properation</h1>
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<hw>Prop`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>properatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of hastening; haste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>T. Adams.</i>

<h1>Properispome</h1>
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<hw>Pro*per"i*spome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gr. Gram.)</fld> <def>Properispomenon.</def>

<h1>Properispomenon</h1>
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<hw>Pro*per`i*spom"e*non</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Properispomena</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to circumflex on the penult; <?/ before + <?/ to circumflex. See <er>Perispomenon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Gram.)</fld> <def>A word which has the circumflex accent on the penult.</def>

<h1>Properly</h1>
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<hw>Prop"er*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>In a proper manner; suitably; fitly; strictly; rightly; <as>as, a word <ex>properly</ex> applied; a dress <ex>properly</ex> adjusted.</as></def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Individually; after one's own manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Now, harkeneth, how I bare me <b>properly</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Properness</h1>
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<hw>Prop"er*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being proper.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tallness; comeliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Propertied</h1>
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<hw>Prop"er*tied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Possessing property; holding real estate, or other investments of money.</def> "The <i>propertied</i> and satisfied classes."

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Property</h1>
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<hw>Prop"er*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Properties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>proprete</ets>, OF. <ets>propret\'82</ets> property, F. <ets>propret\'82</ets> neatness, cleanliness, <ets>propri\'82t\'82</ets> property, fr. L. <ets>proprietas</ets>. See <er>Proper</er>, <tt>a.<tt>, and cf. <er>Propriety</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is proper to anything; a peculiar quality of a thing; that which is inherent in a subject, or naturally essential to it; an attribute; <as>as, sweetness is a <ex>property</ex> of sugar</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Property</b> is correctly a synonym for peculiar quality; but it is frequently used as coextensive with quality in general.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In physical science, the properties of matter are distinguished to the three following classes: 1. <i>Physical properties</i>, or those which result from the relations of bodies to the physical agents, light, heat, electricity, gravitation, cohesion, adhesion, etc., and which are exhibited without a change in the composition or kind of matter acted on. They are color, luster, opacity, transparency, hardness, sonorousness, density, crystalline form, solubility, capability of osmotic diffusion, vaporization, boiling, fusion, etc.  2. <i>Chemical properties</i>, or those which are conditioned by affinity and composition; thus, combustion, explosion, and certain solutions are reactions occasioned by chemical properties. Chemical properties are identical when there is identity of composition and structure, and change according as the composition changes. 3. <i>Organoleptic properties</i>, or those forming a class which can not be included in either of the other two divisions. They manifest themselves in the contact of substances with the organs of taste, touch, and smell, or otherwise affect the living organism, as in the manner of medicines and poisons.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An acquired or artificial quality; that which is given by art, or bestowed by man; <as>as, the poem has the <ex>properties</ex> which constitute excellence</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The exclusive right of possessing, enjoying, and disposing of a thing; ownership; title.</def>

<blockquote>Here I disclaim all my paternal care,
Propinquity and <b>property</b> of blood.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Shall man assume a <b>property</b> in man?
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
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<p><b>4.</b> <def>That to which a person has a legal title, whether in his possession or not; thing owned; an estate, whether in lands, goods, or money; <as>as, a man of large <ex>property</ex>, or small <ex>property</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>All the adjuncts of a play except the scenery and the dresses of the actors; stage requisites.</def>

<blockquote>I will draw a bill of <b>properties</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Propriety; correctness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Camden.</i>

<cs><col>Literary property</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Literary</er>.</cd> -- <col>Property man</col><-- or prop man -->, <cd>one who has charge of the "properties" of a theater.</cd></cs>

<h1>Property</h1>
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<hw>Prop"er*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To invest which properties, or qualities.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a property of; to appropriate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They have here <b>propertied</b> me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prophane</h1>
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<hw>Pro*phane"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Profane</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Prophasis</h1>
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<hw>Proph"a*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to show beforehand. See <er>Pro-</er>, and <er>Phasis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Foreknowledge of a disease; prognosis.</def>

<h1>Prophecy</h1>
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<hw>Proph"e*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl</plu>. <plw>Prophecies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <ety>[OE. <ets>prophecie</ets>, OF. <ets>profecie</ets>, F. <ets>proph\'82tie</ets>, L. <ets>prophetia</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <?/ to be an interpreter of the gods, to prophesy, fr. <?/ prophet. See <er>Prophet</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A declaration of something to come; a foretelling; a prediction; esp., an inspired foretelling.</def>

<blockquote>He hearkens after <b>prophecies</b> and dreams.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Prophecy</b> came not in old time by the will of man.
<i>2. Pet. i. 21.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>A book of prophecies; a history; <as>as, the <ex>prophecy</ex> of Ahijah</as>.</def>

<i>2 Chron. ix. 29.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Public interpretation of Scripture; preaching; exhortation or instruction.</def>

<h1>Prophesier</h1>
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<hw>Proph"e*si`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A prophet.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Prophesy</h1>
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<hw>Proph"e*sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prophesied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prophesying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Prophecy</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To foretell; to predict; to prognosticate.</def>

<blockquote>He doth not <b>prophesy</b> good concerning me.

<i>1 Kings xxii. 8.</i>

<blockquote>Then I perceive that will be verified
Henry the Fifth did sometime <b>prophesy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To foreshow; to herald; to prefigure.</def>

<blockquote>Methought thy very gait did <b>prophesy</b>
A royal nobleness; I must embrace thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prophesy</h1>
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<hw>Proph"e*sy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter predictions; to make declaration of events to come.</def>

<i>Matt. xv. 7.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give instruction in religious matters; to interpret or explain Scripture or religious subjects; to preach; to exhort; to expound.</def>

<i>Ezek. xxxvii. 7.</i>

<h1>Prophet</h1>
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<hw>Proph"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>proph\'8ate</ets>, L. <ets>propheta</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, literally, one who speaks for another, especially, one who speaks for a god an interprets his will to man, fr. <?/ to say beforehand; <?/ for, before + <?/ to say or speak. See <er>Fame</er>. ]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who prophesies, or foretells events; a predicter; a foreteller.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One inspired or instructed by God to speak in his name, or announce future events, <as>as, Moses, Elijah, etc</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An interpreter; a spokesman.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ex. vii. 1.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mantis.</def>

<cs><col>School of the prophets</col> <fld>(Anc. Jewish Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a school or college in which young men were educated and trained for public teachers or members of the prophetic order. These students were called <i>sons of the prophets<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prophetess</h1>
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<hw>Proph"et*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>proph\'82tesse</ets>, L. <ets>prophetissa</ets>.]</ety> <def>A female prophet.</def>

<h1>Prophetic, Prophetical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pro*phet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pro*phet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propheticus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>proph\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing, or pertaining to, prophecy; foretelling events; <as>as, <ex>prophetic</ex> writings; <ex>prophetic</ex> dreams</as>; -- used with <i>of</i> before the thing foretold.</def>

<blockquote>And fears are oft <b>prophetic</b> of the event.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Propheticality</h1>
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<hw>Pro*phet`ic*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Propheticalness.</def>

<h1>Prophetically</h1>
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<hw>Pro*phet"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a prophetical manner; by way of prediction.</def>

<h1>Propheticalness</h1>
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<hw>Pro*phet"ic*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being prophetical; power or capacity to foretell.</def>

<h1>Prophetize</h1>
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<hw>Proph"et*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prophetizare</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>proph\'82tiser</ets>. Cf. <er>Prophesy</er>.]</ety> <def>To give predictions; to foreshow events; to prophesy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "<i>Prophetizing</i> dreams."

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Prophoric</h1>
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<hw>Pro*phor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ utterance.]</ety> <def>Enunciative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Prophragma</h1>
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<hw>Pro*phrag"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Prophragmata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ before + <?/, <?/, fence, screen. ]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An internal dorsal chitinous process between the first two divisions of the thorax of insects.</def>

<h1>Prophylactic</h1>
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<hw>Proph`y*lac"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>prophylactique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine which preserves or defends against disease; a preventive.</def>

<h1>Prophylactic, Prophylactical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Proph`y*lac"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Proph`y*lac"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to guard against; <?/ before + <?/ to guard: cf. F. <ets>prophylactique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Defending or preserving from disease; preventive.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<h1>Prophylaxis</h1>
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<hw>Proph`y*lax"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Prophylactic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The art of preserving from, or of preventing, disease; the observance of the rules necessary for the preservation of health; preservative or preventive treatment.</def>

<h1>Propice</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pice"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE., fr. F. <ets>propice</ets>, See <er>Propitious</er>.]</ety> <def>Fit; propitious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<h1>Propidene</h1>
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<hw>Pro"pi*dene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Prop</ets>yl + ethyl<ets>idene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The unsymmetrical hypothetical hydrocarbon radical, <chform>CH3.CH2.CH</chform>, analogous to ethylidene, and regarded as the type of certain derivatives of propane; -- called also <altname>propylidene</altname>.</def>

<h1>Propination</h1>
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<hw>Prop`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propinatio</ets>. See <er>Propine</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of pledging, or drinking first, and then offering the cup to another.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Abp. Potter.</i>

<h1>Propine</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propinare</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ before + <?/ to drink.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To pledge; to offer as a toast or a health in the manner of drinking, that is, by drinking first and passing the cup.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The lovely sorceress mixed, and to the prince
Health, peace, and joy <b>propined</b>.
<i>C. Smart.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to give in token of friendship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give, or deliver; to subject.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fotherby.</i>

<h1>Propine</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A pledge.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gift; esp., drink money.</def> <mark>[Obs or Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Propine</h1>
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<hw>Pro"pine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Prop</ets>yl + eth<ets>ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Allylene</er>.</def>

<h1>Propinquity</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pin"qui*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propinquitas</ets>, from <ets>propinquus</ets> near, neighboring, from <ets>prope</ets> near.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Nearness in place; neighborhood; proximity.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Nearness in time.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Nearness of blood; kindred; affinity.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Propinyl</h1>
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<hw>Pro"pi*nyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Propine</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon radical regarded as an essential residue of propine and allied compounds.</def>

<h1>Propiolate</h1>
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<hw>Pro"pi*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A salt of propiolic acid.</def>

<h1>Propiolic</h1>
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<hw>Pro`pi*ol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Propi</ets>onic + tetr<ets>olic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid (called also <i>propargylic</i> acid) of the acetylene or tetrolic series, analogous to propionic acid, and obtained as a white crystalline substance.</def><-- also called 2-propynoic acid, and acetylenecarboxylic acid.  <chform>C3H2O2</chform>, <chform>CH.C.COOH</chform> -->

<h1>Propionate</h1>
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<hw>Pro"pi*o*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of propionic acid.</def>

<h1>Propione</h1>
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<hw>Pro"pi*one</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The ketone of propionic acid, obtained as a colorless fragrant liquid.</def>

<h1>Propionic</h1>
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<hw>Pro`pi*on"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pro</ets>to-</ets> + <ets>Gr. <grk>pi`wn</grk> fat.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an organic acid which is produced in the distillation of wood, in the fermentation of various organic substances, as glycerin, calcium lactate, etc., and is obtained as a colorless liquid having a sharp, pungent odor. Propionic acid is so called because it is the <i>first</i> or lowest member of the <i>fatty acid</i> series whose salts have a fatty feel.</def>

<h1>Propionyl</h1>
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<hw>Pro"pi*o*nyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The hypothetical radical <chform>C3H5O</chform>, regarded as the essential residue of propionic acid and certain related compounds.</def>

<h1>Propithecus</h1>
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<hw>Prop`i*the"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ before, for + <?/ ape.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus including the long-tailed, or diadem, indris. See <er>Indris</er>.</def>

<h1>Propitiable</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pi"ti*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propitiabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being propitiated.</def>

<h1>Propitiate</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pi"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Propitiated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Propitiating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>propitiatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>propitiare</ets> to propitiate, fr. <ets>propitius</ets> favorable. See <er>Propitious</er>.]</ety> <def>To appease to render favorable; to make propitious; to conciliate.</def>

<blockquote>Let fierce Achilles, dreadful in his rage,
The god <b>propitiate</b>, and the pest assuage.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Propitiate</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pi"ti*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make propitiation; to atone.</def>

<h1>Propitiation</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pi`ti*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propitiatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>propitiation</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of appeasing the wrath and conciliating the favor of an offended person; the act of making propitious.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>That which propitiates; atonement or atoning sacrifice; specifically, the influence or effects of the death of Christ in appeasing the divine justice, and conciliating the divine favor.</def>

<blockquote>He [Jesus Christ] is the <b>propitiation</b> for our sins.
<i>1 John ii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Propitiator</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pi"ti*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who propitiates or appeases.</def>

<h1>Propitiatorily</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of propitiation.</def>

<h1>Propitiatory</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propitiatorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>propitiatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the power to make propitious; pertaining to, or employed in, propitiation; expiatory; <as>as, a <ex>propitiatory</ex> sacrifice</as>.</def>

<i>Sharp.</i>

<h1>Propitiatory</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propitiatorium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld> <def>The mercy seat; -- so called because a symbol of the propitiated Jehovah.</def>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Propitious</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pi"tious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propitius</ets>, perhaps originally a term of augury meaning, flying forward (<ets>pro</ets>) or well; cf. Skr. <ets>pat</ets> to fly, E. <ets>petition</ets>, <ets>feather</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Convenient; auspicious; favorable; kind; <as>as, a <ex>propitious</ex> season; a <ex>propitious</ex> breeze.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, kind; gracious; merciful; helpful; -- said of a person or a divinity.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>And now t' assuage the force of this new flame,
And make thee [Love] more <b>propitious</b> in my need.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Auspicious; favorable; kind.</syn>  -- <usage><er>Propitious</er>, <er>Auspicious</er>. <i>Auspicious</i> (from the ancient idea of <i>auspices</i>, or omens) denotes "indicative of success," or "favored by incidental occurrences;" as, an <i>auspicious</i> opening; an <i>auspicious</i> event. <i>Propitious</i> denotes that which efficaciously protect us in some undertaking, speeds our exertions, and decides our success; as, <i>propitious</i> gales; <i>propitious</i> influences.</usage>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pro*pi"tious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pro*pi"tious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Proplasm</h1>
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<hw>Pro"plasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proplasma</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ before + <?/ a thing formed, fr. <?/ to mold.]</ety> <def>A mold; a matrix.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Proplastic</h1>
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<hw>Pro*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Forming a mold.</def>

<h1>Proplastics</h1>
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<hw>Pro*plas"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of making molds for castings.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Propleg</h1>
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<hw>Prop"leg`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called because it <ets>props up</ets> or supports the body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Proleg</er>.</def>

<h1>Propodial</h1>
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<hw>Pro*po"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the propodialia, or the parts of the limbs to which they belong.</def>

<h1>Propodiale</h1>
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<hw>Pro*po`di*a"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Propodialia</plw>. <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ before + <?/, dim. of <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bone of either the upper arm or the thing, the <i>propodialia</i> being the humerus and femur.</def>

<h1>Propodite</h1>
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<hw>Prop"o*dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sixth joint of a typical leg of a crustacean; usually, the penultimate joint.</def>

<h1>Propodium</h1>
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<hw>Pro*po"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Propodia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Propodiale</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The anterior portion of the foot of a mollusk.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The segment which forms the posterior part of the thorax of a hymenopterous insect.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>propodeum</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Propolis</h1>
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<hw>Pro"po*lis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ before + <?/ city.]</ety> <def>Same as <cref>Bee glue</cref>, under <er>Bee</er>.</def>

<h1>Propone</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pone"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proponere</ets> to propose. See <er>Propound</er>.]</ety> <def>To propose; to bring forward.</def>

<h1>Proponent</h1>
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<hw>Pro*po"nent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proponens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Making proposals; proposing.</def>

<h1>Proponent</h1>
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<hw>Pro*po"nent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who makes a proposal, or lays down a proposition.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The propounder of a thing.</def>

<h1>Proportion</h1>
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<hw>Pro*por"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>proportio</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> before + <ets>portio</ets> part or share. See <er>Portion</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The relation or adaptation of one portion to another, or to the whole, as respect magnitude, quantity, or degree; comparative relation; ratio; <as>as, the <ex>proportion</ex> of the parts of a building, or of the body</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The image of Christ, made after his own <b>proportion</b>.
<i>Ridley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Formed in the best <b>proportions</b> of her sex.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Documents are authentic and facts are true precisely in <b>proportion</b> to the support which they afford to his theory.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Harmonic relation between parts, or between different things of the same kind; symmetrical arrangement or adjustment; symmetry; <as>as, to be out of <ex>proportion</ex></as>.</def> "Let us prophesy according to the <i>proportion</i> of faith."

<i>Rom. xii. 6.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The portion one receives when a whole is distributed by a rule or principle; equal or proper share; lot.</def>

<blockquote>Let the women . . . do the same things in their <b>proportions</b> and capacities.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A part considered comparatively; a share.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The equality or similarity of ratios, especially of geometrical ratios; or a relation among quantities such that the quotient of the first divided by the second is equal to that of the third divided by the fourth; -- called also <altname>geometrical proportion</altname>, in distinction from <i>arithmetical proportion</i>, or that in which the difference of the first and second is equal to the difference of the third and fourth.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Proportion</i> in the mathematical sense differs from <i>ratio</i>. <i>Ratio</i> is the relation of two quantities of the same kind, as the ratio of 5 to 10, or the ratio of 8 to 16. <i>Proportion</i> is the sameness or likeness of two such relations. Thus, 5 to 10 as 8 to 16; that is, 5 bears the same relation to 10 as 8 does to 16. Hence, such numbers are said to be in <i>proportion</i>. <i>Proportion</i> is expressed by symbols thus:

<mathex>a:b::c:d</mathex>, or <mathex>a:b = c:d</mathex>, or <mathex><fract>a/b</fract> = <fract>c/d</fract></mathex>.
</note>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The rule of three, in arithmetic, in which the three given terms, together with the one sought, are proportional</def>.

<cs><mcol><col>Continued proportion</col>, <col>Inverse proportion</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Continued</er>, <er>Inverse</er>, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Harmonical</col>, &or; <col>Musical</col>, <col>proportion</col></mcol>, <cd>a relation of three or four quantities, such that the first is to the last as the difference between the first two is to the difference between the last two; thus, 2, 3, 6, are in harmonical proportion; for 2 is to 6 as 1 to 3. Thus, 24, 16, 12, 9, are harmonical, for <mathex>24:9::8:3</mathex>.</cd> -- <col>In proportion</col>, <cd>according as; to the degree that. "<i>In proportion<i> as they are metaphysically true, they are morally and politically false."</cd></cs>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Proportion</h1>
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<hw>Pro*por"tion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Proportioned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Proportioning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>proportionner</ets>. Cf. <er>Proportionate</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To adjust in a suitable proportion, as one thing or one part to another; <as>as, to <ex>proportion</ex> the size of a building to its height; to <ex>proportion</ex> our expenditures to our income.</as></def>

<blockquote>In the loss of an object we do not <b>proportion</b> our grief to the real value . . . but to the value our fancies set upon it.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form with symmetry or suitableness, as the parts of the body.</def>

<blockquote>Nature had <b>proportioned</b> her without any fault.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To divide into equal or just shares; to apportion.</def>

<h1>Proportionable</h1>
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<hw>Pro*por"tion*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being proportioned, or made proportional; also, proportional; proportionate.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pro*por"tion*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>But eloquence may exist without a <b>proportionable</b> degree of wisdom.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote> <b>Proportionable</b>, which is no longer much favored, was of our [i. e., English writers'] own coining.
<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Proportionably</h1>
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<hw>Pro*por"tion*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Proportionally.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Proportional</h1>
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<hw>Pro*por"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proportionalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>proportionnel</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a due proportion, or comparative relation; being in suitable proportion or degree; <as>as, the parts of an edifice are <ex>proportional</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relating to, or securing, proportion.</def>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<cs><col>3</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <cd>Constituting a proportion; having the same, or a constant, ratio; <as>as, <ex>proportional<ex> quantities; momentum is <ex>proportional<ex> to quantity of matter</as>.</cd></cs>

<cs><col>Proportional logarithms</col>, <cd>logistic logarithms. See under <er>Logistic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Proportional scale</col>, <cd>a scale on which are marked parts proportional to the logarithms of the natural numbers; a logarithmic scale.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Proportional scales</col>, <col>compasses</col>, <col>dividers</col>, etc.</mcol> <fld>(Draughting)</fld>, <cd>instruments used in making copies of drawings, or drawings of objects, on an enlarged or reduced scale.</cd></cs>

<h1>Proportional</h1>
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<hw>Pro*por"tion*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Any number or quantity in a proportion; <as>as, a mean <ex>proportional</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The combining weight or equivalent of an element.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Proportionality</h1>
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<hw>Pro*por`tion*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>proportionnalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being in proportion.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Proportionally</h1>
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<hw>Pro*por"tion*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In proportion; in due degree; adapted relatively; <as>as, all parts of the building are <ex>proportionally</ex> large</as>.</def>

<i>Sir I. Newton.</i>

<h1>Proportionate</h1>
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<hw>Pro*por"tion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proportionatus</ets>. See <er>Proportion</er>.]</ety> <def>Adjusted to something else according to a proportion; proportional.</def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<blockquote>What is <b>proportionate</b> to his transgression.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Proportionate</h1>
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<hw>Pro*por"tion*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Proportionated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Proportionating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Proportion</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <def>To make proportional; to adjust according to a settled rate, or to due comparative relation; to proportion; <as>as, to <ex>proportionate</ex> punishment to crimes</as>.</def>

<h1>Proportionately</h1>
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<hw>Pro*por"tion*ate*ly</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a proportionate manner; with due proportion; proportionally.</def>

<h1>Proportionateness</h1>
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<hw>Pro*por"tion*ate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being proportionate.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<hr>
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Page 1150<p>

<h1>Proportionless</h1>
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<hw>Pro*por"tion*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without proportion; unsymmetrical.</def>

<h1>Proportionment</h1>
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<hw>Pro*por"tion*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of dividing out proportionally.</def>

<h1>Proposal</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pos"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Propose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is proposed, or propounded for consideration or acceptance; a scheme or design; terms or conditions proposed; offer; <as>as, to make <ex>proposals</ex> for a treaty of peace; to offer <ex>proposals</ex> for erecting a building; to make <ex>proposals</ex> of marriage.</as></def> "To put forth <i>proposals</i> for a book."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The offer by a party of what he has in view as to an intended business transaction, which, with acceptance, constitutes a contract.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Proffer; tender; overture. See <er>Proposition</er>.</syn>

<h1>Propose</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Proposed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Proposing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>proposer</ets>; pref. <ets>pro-</ets> (L. <ets>pro</ets> for, forward) + <ets>poser</ets> to place. See <er>Pose</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set forth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That being <b>proposed</b> brimfull of wine, one scarce could lift it up.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To offer for consideration, discussion, acceptance, or adoption; <as>as, to <ex>propose</ex> terms of peace; to <ex>propose</ex> a question for discussion; to <ex>propose</ex> an alliance; to <ex>propose</ex> a person for office.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To set before one's self or others as a purpose formed; hence, to purpose; to intend.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>propose</b> to relate, in several volumes, the history of the people of New England.

<i>Palfrey.</i>

<cs><col>To propose to one's self</col>, <cd>to intend; to design.</cd></cs>

<h1>Propose</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pose"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To speak; to converse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>There shalt thou find my cousin Beatrice,
<b>Proposing</b> with the prince and Claudio.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form or declare a purpose or intention; to lay a scheme; to design; <as>as, man <ex>proposes</ex>, but God disposes</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To offer one's self in marriage.</def>

<h1>Propose</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pose"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>propos</ets>, L. <ets>propositum</ets>. See <er>Propound</er>, <er>Purpose</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <def>Talk; discourse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Proposer</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pos"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who proposes or offers anything for consideration or adoption.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A speaker; an orator.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Proposition</h1>
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<hw>Prop`o*si"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propositio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>proposition</ets>. See <er>Propound</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of setting or placing before; the act of offering.</def> "Oblations for the altar of <i>proposition</i>."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is proposed; that which is offered, as for consideration, acceptance, or adoption; a proposal; <as>as, the enemy made <ex>propositions</ex> of peace; his <ex>proposition</ex> was not accepted.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A statement of religious doctrine; an article of faith; creed; <as>as, the <ex>propositions</ex> of Wyclif and Huss</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Some persons . . . change their <b>propositions</b> according as their temporal necessities or advantages do turn.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gram. & Logic)</fld> <def>A complete sentence, or part of a sentence consisting of a subject and predicate united by a copula; a thought expressed or propounded in language; a from of speech in which a predicate is affirmed or denied of a subject; <as>as, <ex>snow is white</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A statement in terms of a truth to be demonstrated, or of an operation to be performed.</def>

<note>&hand; It is called a <i>theorem</i> when it is something to be proved, and a <i>problem</i> when it is something to be done.</note>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>That which is offered or affirmed as the subject of the discourse; anything stated or affirmed for discussion or illustration.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Poetry)</fld> <def>The part of a poem in which the author states the subject or matter of it.</def>

<cs><col>Leaves of proposition</col> <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>the showbread.</cd></cs>

<i>Wyclif (Luke vi. 4).</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Proposal; offer; statement; declaration.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Proposition</er>, <er>Proposal</er>. These words are both from the Latin verb <i>proponere</i>, to set forth, and as here compared they mark different forms or stages of a negotiation. A <i>proposition</i> is something presented for discussion or consideration; <as>as, <ex>propositions</ex> of peace</as>. A <i>proposal</i> is some definite thing offered by one party to be accepted or rejected by the other. If the <i>proposition</i> is favorably received, it is usually followed by <i>proposals</i> which complete the arrangement.</usage>

<h1>Propositional</h1>
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<hw>Prop`o*si"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or in the nature of, a proposition; considered as a proposition; <as>as, a <ex>propositional</ex> sense</as>.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<h1>Propound</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pound"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Propounded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Propounding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From earlier <ets>propone</ets>, L. <ets>proponere</ets>, <ets>propositum</ets>, to set forth, propose, propound; <ets>pro</ets> for, before + <ets>ponere</ets> to put. See <er>Position</er>, and cf. <er>Provost</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To offer for consideration; to exhibit; to propose; <as>as, to <ex>propound</ex> a question; to <ex>propound</ex> an argument.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>And darest thou to the Son of God <b>propound</b>
To worship thee, accursed?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is strange folly to set ourselves no mark, to <b>propound</b> no end, in the hearing of the gospel.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>To propose or name as a candidate for admission to communion with a church.</def>

<h1>Propounder</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pound"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who propounds, proposes, or offers for consideration.</def>

<i>Chillingworth.</i>

<h1>Propretor</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pre"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propraetor</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> for, before + <ets>praetor</ets> a pretor.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A magistrate who, having been pretor at home, was appointed to the government of a province.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>propr\'91tor</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Proprietary</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pri"e*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Proprietaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>proprietarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>propri\'82taire</ets>. See <er>Propriety</er>, and cf. <er>Proprietor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A proprietor or owner; one who has exclusive title to a thing; one who possesses, or holds the title to, a thing in his own right.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A body proprietors, taken collectively.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A monk who had reserved goods and effects to himself, notwithstanding his renunciation of all at the time of profession.</def>

<h1>Proprietary</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pri"e*ta*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proprietarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging, or pertaining, to a proprietor; considered as property; owned; <as>as, <ex>proprietary</ex> medicine</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Proprietary articles</col>, <cd>manufactured articles which some person or persons have exclusive right to make and sell.</cd></cs>

<i>U. S. Statutes.</i>

<h1>Proprietor</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pri"e*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For older <ets>proprietary</ets>: cf. F. <ets>propri\'82tarie</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who has the legal right or exclusive title to anything, whether in possession or not; an owner; <as>as, the proprietor of farm or of a mill</as>.</def>

<h1>Proprietorial</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pri`e*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to ownership; proprietary; <as>as, <ex>proprietorial</ex> rights</as>.</def>

<h1>Proprietorship</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pri"e*tor*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being proprietor; ownership.</def>

<h1>Proprietress</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pri"e*tress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female proprietor.</def>

<h1>Propriety</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pri"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Proprieties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>propri\'82t\'82</ets>, L. <ets>proprietas</ets>, fr. <ets>proprius</ets> one's own, proper. See <er>Property</er>, <er>Proper</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Individual right to hold property; ownership by personal title; property.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Onles this <i>propriety</i> be exiled."

<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i>

<blockquote>So are the <b>proprieties</b> of a wife to be disposed of by her lord, and yet all are for her provisions, it being a part of his need to refresh and supply hers.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is proper or peculiar; an inherent property or quality; peculiarity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>We find no mention hereof in ancient zo\'94graphers, . . . who seldom forget <b>proprieties</b> of such a nature.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The quality or state of being proper; suitableness to an acknowledged or correct standard or rule; consonance with established principles, rules, or customs; fitness; appropriateness; <as>as, <ex>propriety</ex> of behavior, language, manners, etc.</as></def> "The rule of <i>propriety</i>,"

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Proproctor</h1>
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<hw>Pro*proc"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + <ets>proctor</ets>.]</ety> <mark>[Eng. Univ.]</mark> <def>A assistant proctor.</def>

<i>Hook.</i>

<h1>Props</h1>
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<hw>Props</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>A game of chance, in which four sea shells, each called a <i>prop</i>, are used instead of dice.</def>

<h1>Propterygium</h1>
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<hw>Prop`te*ryg"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Propterygia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ before + <?/ a fin.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The anterior of three principal cartilages in the fins of some fishes.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Prop`ter*yg"i*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Propugn</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pugn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propugnare</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> for + <ets>pugnare</ets> to fight.]</ety> <def>To contend for; to defend; to vindicate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Propugnacle</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pug"na*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propugnaculum</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fortress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Propugnation</h1>
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<hw>Pro`pug*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propugnatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Means of defense; defense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Propugner</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pugn"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A defender; a vindicator.</def> "Zealous <i>propugners</i>."

<i>Gov. of Tongue.</i>

<h1>Propulsation</h1>
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<hw>Pro`pul*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propulsatio</ets>. See <er>Propulse</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of driving away or repelling; a keeping at a distance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Propulse</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pulse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>propulsare</ets>, v. intens. from <ets>propellere</ets> to propel. See <er>Propel</er>.]</ety> <def>To repel; to drive off or away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Propulsion</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pul"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>propulsion</ets>. See <er>Propel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act driving forward or away; the act or process of propelling; <as>as, steam <ex>propulsion</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An impelling act or movement.</def>

<blockquote>God works in all things; all obey
His first <b>propulsion</b>.
<i>Whittier.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Propulsive</h1>
<Xpage=1150>

<hw>Pro*pul"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending, or having power, to propel; driving on; urging.</def> "[The] <i>propulsive</i> movement of the verse."

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Propulsory</h1>
<Xpage=1150>

<hw>Pro*pul"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Propulsive.</def>

<h1>Propyl</h1>
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<hw>Pro"pyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Prop</ets>ionic + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The hypothetical radical <chform>C3H7</chform>, regarded as the essential residue of propane and related compounds.</def>

<h1>Propyl\'91um</h1>
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<hw>Prop`y*l\'91"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Propyl\'91a</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ before + <?/ a gate.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Classical Arch.)</fld> <def>Any court or vestibule before a building or leading into any inclosure.</def>

<h1>Propylene</h1>
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<hw>Pro"pyl*ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>propyl\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless gaseous hydrocarbon (<chform>C3H6</chform>) of the ethylene series, having a garlic odor. It occurs in coal gas, and is produced artificially in various ways. Called also <altname>propene</altname>.</def>

<h1>Propylic</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, propyl; <as>as, <ex>propylic</ex> alcohol</as>.</def>

<h1>Propylidene</h1>
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<hw>Pro*pyl"i*dene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Propidene</er>.</def>

<h1>Propylon</h1>
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<hw>Prop"y*lon</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Propyla</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/; <?/ before + <?/ a gate.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Arch.)</fld> <def>The porch, vestibule, or entrance of an edifice.</def>

<h1>Pro rata</h1>
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<hw>Pro` ra"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>In proportion; proportionately; according to the share, interest, or liability of each.</def>

<h1>Proratable</h1>
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<hw>Pro*rat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being prorated, or divided proportionately.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Prorate</h1>
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<hw>Pro*rate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prorated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prorating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From L. <ets>pro rata</ets> (sc. <ets>parte</ets>) according to a certain part, in proportion.]</ety> <def>To divide or distribute proportionally; to assess <i>pro rata</i>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Prore</h1>
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<hw>Prore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prora</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. It. & Sp. <ets>prora</ets>. See <er>Prow</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <def>The prow or fore part of a ship.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark> "Galleys with vermilion <i>prores</i>."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Prorector</h1>
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<hw>Pro*rec"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pro-</er>, and <er>Rector</er>.]</ety> <def>An officer who presides over the academic senate of a German university.</def>

<i>Heyse.</i>

<h1>Prorectorate</h1>
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<hw>Pro*rec"tor*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of prorector.</def>

<h1>Prorenal</h1>
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<hw>Pro*re"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + <ets>renal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pronephric.</def>

<h1>Proreption</h1>
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<hw>Pro*rep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prorepere</ets>, <ets>proreptum</ets>, to creep forth; <ets>pro + repere</ets>.]</ety> <def>A creeping on.</def>

<h1>Prorhinal</h1>
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<hw>Pro*rhi"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + <ets>rhinal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated in front of the nasal chambers.</def>

<h1>Prorogate</h1>
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<hw>Pro"ro*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To prorogue.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Prorogation</h1>
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<hw>Pro`ro*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prorogatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>prorogation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of counting in duration; prolongation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of proroguing; the ending of the session of Parliament, and postponing of its business, by the command of the sovereign.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<note>&hand; After an adjournment all things continue as they were at the adjournment; whereas, after a <i>prorogation</i>, bill introduced and nut passed are as if they had never been begun at all.</note>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Prorogue</h1>
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<hw>Pro*rogue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prorogued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Proroguing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>proroger</ets>, L. <ets>prorogare</ets>, <ets>prorogatum</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> forward + <ets>rogare</ets> to ask, to ask one for his opinion or vote, or about a law. See <er>Rogation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To protract; to prolong; to extend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He <b>prorogued</b> his government.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To defer; to delay; to postpone; <as>as, to <ex>prorogue</ex>death; to <ex>prorogue</ex> a marriage.</as></def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To end the session of a parliament by an order of the sovereign, thus deferring its business.</def>

<blockquote>Parliament was <b>prorogued</b> to [meet at] Westminster.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Parliament was again <b>prorogued</b> to a distant day.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To adjourn; postpone; defer. See <er>Adjourn</er>.</syn>

<h1>Proruption</h1>
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<hw>Pro*rup"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proruptio</ets>, fr. <ets>prorumpere</ets>, <ets>proruptum</ets>, to break forth; <ets>pro</ets> forth + <ets>rumpere</ets> to break.]</ety> <def>The act or state of bursting forth; a bursting out.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Prosaic, Prosaical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pro*sa"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pro*sa"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prosaius</ets>, from <ets>prosa</ets> prose: cf. F,. <ets>prosa\'8bque</ets>. See <er>Prose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to prose; resembling prose; in the form of prose; unpoetical; writing or using prose; <as>as, a <ex>prosaic</ex> composition</as>.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dull; uninteresting; commonplace; unimaginative; prosy; <as>as, a <ex>prosaic</ex> person</as>.</def>

<i>Ed. Rev.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pro*sa"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pro*sa"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Prosaicism</h1>
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<hw>Pro*sa"i*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being prosaic; a prosaic manner or style.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Poe.</i>

<h1>Prosaism</h1>
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<hw>Pro"sa*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is in the form of prose writing; a prosaic manner.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Prosaist</h1>
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<hw>Pro"sa*ist</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of prose; an unpoetical writer.</def> "An estimable <i>prosaist</i>."

<i>I. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Prosal</h1>
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<hw>Pro"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to prose; prosaic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Proscenium</h1>
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<hw>Pro*sce"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Proscenia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ before + <?/ a tent, a wooden stage, the stage. See <er>Scene</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anc.  Theater)</fld> <def>The part where the actors performed; the stage.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Modern Theater)</fld> <def>The part of the stage in front of the curtain; sometimes, the curtain and its framework.</def>

<-- <col>proscenium arch</col>, <cd>the framework around the front of the stage.</cd> -->

<h1>Proscolex</h1>
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<hw>Pro*sco"lex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Proscolices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ before + <?/, <?/, a worm.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An early larval form of a trematode worm; a redia. See <er>Redia</er>.</def>

<h1>Proscribe</h1>
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<hw>Pro*scribe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Proscribed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Proscribing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>proscribere</ets>, <ets>proscriptum</ets>, to write before, to publish, proscribe; <ets>pro</ets> before + <ets>scribere</ets> to write. See <er>Scribe</er>. The sense of this word originated in the Roman practice of writing the names of persons doomed to death, and posting the list in public.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To doom to destruction; to put out of the protection of law; to outlaw; to exile; <as>as, Sylla and Marius <ex>proscribed</ex> each other's adherents</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Robert Vere, Earl of Oxford, . . . was banished the realm, and <b>proscribed</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To denounce and condemn; to interdict; to prohibit; <as>as, the Puritans <ex>proscribed</ex> theaters</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The Arian doctrines were <b>proscribed</b> and anathematized in the famous Council of Nice.
<i>Waterland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Proscriber</h1>
<Xpage=1150>

<hw>Pro*scrib"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, proscribes, denounces, or prohibits.</def>

<h1>Proscript</h1>
<Xpage=1150>

<hw>Pro"script</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Proscribe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A proscription; a prohibition; an interdict.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is proscribed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Proscription</h1>
<Xpage=1150>

<hw>Pro*scrip"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proscriptio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>proscription</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of proscribing; a dooming to death or exile; outlawry; specifically, among the ancient Romans, the public offer of a reward for the head of a political enemy; <as>as, under the triumvirate, many of the best Roman citizens fell by <ex>proscription</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Every victory by either party had been followed by a sanguinary <b>proscription</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being proscribed; denunciation; interdiction; prohibition.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Proscriptional</h1>
<Xpage=1150>

<hw>Pro*scrip"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Proscriptive.</def>

<h1>Proscriptionist</h1>
<Xpage=1150>

<hw>Pro*scrip"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who proscribes.</def>

<h1>Proscriptive</h1>
<Xpage=1150>

<hw>Pro*scrip"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to proscription; consisting in, or of the nature of, proscription; proscribing.</def> <i>Burke</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Pro*scrip"tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Prose</h1>
<Xpage=1150>

<hw>Prose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>prose</ets>, L. <ets>prosa</ets>, fr. <ets>prorsus</ets>, <ets>prosus</ets>, straight forward, straight on, for <ets>proversus</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> forward + <ets>versus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>vertere</ets> to turn. See <er>Verse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The ordinary language of men in speaking or writing; language not cast in poetical measure or rhythm; -- contradistinguished from <i>verse</i>, or <i>metrical composition</i>.</def>

<blockquote>I speak in <b>prose</b>, and let him rymes make.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Things unattempted yet in <b>prose</b> or rhyme.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I wish our clever young poets would remember my homely definitions of <b>prose</b> and poetry, that is; <b>prose</b> -- words in their best order; poetry -- the best order.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, language which evinces little imagination or animation; dull and commonplace discourse.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A hymn with no regular meter, sometimes introduced into the Mass. See <er>Sequence</er>.</def>

<h1>Prose</h1>
<Xpage=1150>

<hw>Prose</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pertaining to, or composed of, prose; not in verse; <as>as, <ex>prose</ex> composition</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Possessing or exhibiting unpoetical characteristics; plain; dull; prosaic; <as>as, the <ex>prose</ex> duties of life</as>.</def>

<h1>Prose</h1>
<Xpage=1150>

<hw>Prose</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prosed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prosing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To write in prose.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To write or repeat in a dull, tedious, or prosy way.</def>

<h1>Prose</h1>
<Xpage=1150>

<hw>Prose</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To write prose.</def>

<blockquote><b>Prosing</b> or versing, but chiefly this latter.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prosector</h1>
<Xpage=1150>

<hw>Pro*sec"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., an anatomist, from <ets>prosecare</ets> to cut up; <ets>pro</ets> before + <ets>secare</ets> to cut.]</ety> <def>One who makes dissections for anatomical illustration; usually, the assistant of a professional anatomist.</def>

<h1>Prosecutable</h1>
<Xpage=1150>

<hw>Pros"e*cu`ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being prosecuted; liable to prosecution.</def>

<hr>
<page="1151">
Page 1151<p>

<h1>Prosecute</h1>
<Xpage=1151>

<hw>Pros"e*cute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prosecuted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prosecuting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>prosecutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>prosequi</ets> to follow, pursue. See <er>Pursue</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To follow or pursue with a view to reach, execute, or accomplish; to endeavor to obtain or complete; to carry on; to continue; <as>as, to <ex>prosecute</ex> a scheme, hope, or claim</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I am beloved Hermia;
Why should not I, then, <b>prosecute</b> my right ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To seek to obtain by legal process; <as>as, to <ex>prosecute</ex> a right or a claim in a court of law</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To pursue with the intention of punishing; to accuse of some crime or breach of law, or to pursue for redress or punishment, before a legal tribunal; to proceed against judicially; <as>as, to <ex>prosecute</ex> a man for trespass, or for a riot</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To acquit themselves and <b>prosecute</b> their foes.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prosecute</h1>
<Xpage=1151>

<hw>Pros"e*cute</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To follow after.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Latimer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To institute and carry on a legal prosecution; <as>as, to <ex>prosecute</ex> for public offenses</as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Prosecution</h1>
<Xpage=1151>

<hw>Pros`e*cu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prosecutio</ets> a following.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of prosecuting, or of endeavoring to gain or accomplish something; pursuit by efforts of body or mind; <as>as, the <ex>prosecution</ex> of a scheme, plan, design, or undertaking; the <ex>prosecution</ex> of war.</as></def>

<blockquote>Keeping a sharp eye on her domestics . . . in <b>prosecution</b> of their various duties.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The institution and carrying on of a suit in a court of law or equity, to obtain some right, or to redress and punish some wrong; the carrying on of a judicial proceeding in behalf of a <i>complaining</i> party, as distinguished from <i>defense</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The institution, or commencement, and continuance of a criminal suit; the process of exhibiting formal charges against an offender before a legal tribunal, and pursuing them to final judgment on behalf of the state or government, as by indictment or information.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The party by whom criminal proceedings are instituted.</def>

<i>Blackstone. Burrill. Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Prosecutor</h1>
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<hw>Pros"e*cu`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L.<ets>prosecutor</ets> an attendant.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who prosecutes or carries on any purpose, plan, or business.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person who institutes and carries on a criminal suit against another in the name of the government.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Prosecutrix</h1>
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<hw>Pros"e*cu`trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A female prosecutor.</def>

<h1>Proselyte</h1>
<Xpage=1151>

<hw>Pros"e*lyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>proselite</ets>, OF. <ets>proselite</ets>, F. <ets>proselytus</ets>, Gr. <?/, adj., that has come, n., a new comer, especially, one who has come over from heathenism to the Jewish religion; <?/ toward, to + (prob.) the root of <?/ to come.]</ety> <def>A new convert especially a convert to some religion or religious sect, or to some particular opinion, system, or party; thus, a Gentile converted to Judaism, or a pagan converted to Christianity, is a <i>proselyte</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Ye [Scribes and Pharisees] compass sea and land to make one <b>proselyte</b>.
<i>Matt. xxiii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fresh confidence the speculatist takes
From every harebrained <b>proselyte</b> he makes.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Convert</er>.</syn>

<h1>Proselyte</h1>
<Xpage=1151>

<hw>Pros"e*lyte</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Proselyted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Proselyting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To convert to some religion, opinion, or system; to bring over.</def><-- se proselytize -->

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Proselytism</h1>
<Xpage=1151>

<hw>Pros"e*ly*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pros\'82lytisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of proselyting; the making of converts to a religion or a religious sect, or to any opinion, system, or party.</def>

<blockquote>They were possessed of a spirit of <b>proselytism</b> in the most fanatical degree.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Conversion to a religion, system, or party.</def>

<h1>Proselytize</h1>
<Xpage=1151>

<hw>Pros"e*ly*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>proselytized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Proselytizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To convert to some religion, system, opinion, or the like; to bring, or cause to come, over; to proselyte.</def>

<blockquote>One of those whom they endeavor to <b>proselytize</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Proselytize</h1>
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<hw>Pros"e*ly*tize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make converts or proselytes.</def>

<h1>Proselytizer</h1>
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<hw>Pros"e*ly*ti`zer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who proselytes.</def>

<h1>Proseman</h1>
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<hw>Prose"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A writer of prose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Proseminary</h1>
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<hw>Pro*sem"i*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A seminary which prepares pupils for a higher institution.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Prosemination</h1>
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<hw>Pro*sem`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proseminare</ets>, <ets>proseminatum</ets>, to disseminate.]</ety> <def>Propagation by seed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Prosencephalic</h1>
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<hw>Pros*en`ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the prosencephalon.</def>

<h1>Prosencephalon</h1>
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<hw>Pros`en*ceph"a*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ toward, near to + E. <ets>encephalon</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Sometimes abbreviated to <abbr>proen.</abbr>]</altsp> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The anterior segment of the brain, including the cerebrum and olfactory lobes; the forebrain</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cerebrum.</def>

<i>Huxley.</i>

<h1>Prosenchyma</h1>
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<hw>Pros*en"chy*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ near + <ets>-enchyma</ets>, as in <ets>parenchyma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A general term applied to the tissues formed of elongated cells, especially those with pointed or oblique extremities, as the principal cells of ordinary wood.</def>

<h1>Proser</h1>
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<hw>Pros"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A writer of prose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who talks or writes tediously.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Prosiliency</h1>
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<hw>Pro*sil"i*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prosilere</ets> to leap forth.]</ety> <def>The act of leaping forth or forward; projection.</def> "Such <i>prosiliency</i> of relief."

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Prosily</h1>
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<hw>Pros"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a prosy manner.</def>

<h1>Prosimetrical</h1>
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<hw>Pros`i*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Prose</ets> + <ets>metrical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting both of prose and verse.</def>

<i>Clarke.</i>

<h1>Prosimi\'91</h1>
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<hw>Pro*sim"i*\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pro-</er>. and <er>Simia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Lemuroidea</er>.</def>

<h1>Prosiness</h1>
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<hw>Pros"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being prosy; tediousness; tiresomeness.</def>

<h1>Prosing</h1>
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<hw>Pros"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Writing prose; speaking or writing in a tedious or prosy manner.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Prosingly</h1>
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<hw>Pros"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Prosily.</def>

<h1>Prosiphon</h1>
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<hw>Pro*si"phon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> for + <ets>siphon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A minute tube found in the protocon<?/<?/ of ammonites, and not connected with the true siphon.</def>

<h1>Proslavery</h1>
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<hw>Pro*slav"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + <ets>slavery</ets>.]</ety> <def>Favoring slavery.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Advocacy of slavery.</def></def2>

<h1>Prosobranch</h1>
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<hw>Pros"o*branch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Prosobranchiata.</def>

<h1>Prosobranchiata</h1>
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<hw>Pros`o*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ forward, further + <?/ a gill.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The highest division, or subclass, of gastropod mollusks, including those that have the gills situated anteriorly, or forward of the heart, and the sexes separate.</def>

<h1>Prosoc\'d2le</h1>
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<hw>Pros"o*c\'d2le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ forward + <?/ hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The entire cavity of the prosencephalon.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Prosoc\'d2lia</h1>
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<hw>Pros`o*c\'d2"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Prosoc\'d2lle</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>, <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Prosoc\'d2le</er>.</def>

<h1>Prosodiacal</h1>
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<hw>Pros`o*di"a*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Prosodical.</def>

<h1>Prosodiacally</h1>
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<hw>Pros`o*di"a*cal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Prosodically.</def>

<h1>Prosodial</h1>
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<hw>Pro*so"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Prosodical.</def>

<h1>Prosodian</h1>
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<hw>Pro*so"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A prosodist.</def>

<i>Rush.</i>

<h1>Prosodical</h1>
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<hw>Pro*sod"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>prosodique</ets>, L. <ets>prosodiacus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to prosody; according to the rules of prosody.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pro*sod"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Prosdist</h1>
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<hw>Pros"dist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in prosody.</def>

<h1>Prosody</h1>
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<hw>Pros"o*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prosodia</ets> the tone or accent of a syllable, Gr. <?/ a song sung to, or with, an accompanying song, the accent accompanying the pronunciation; <?/ to + <?/ song, ode: cf. F. <ets>prosodie</ets>. See <er>Ode</er>.]</ety> <def>That part of grammar which treats of the quantity of syllables, of accent, and of the laws of versification or metrical composition.</def>

<h1>Prosoma</h1>
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<hw>Pro*so"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Prosomata</plw></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ before + <?/, <?/, body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The anterior of the body of an animal, as of a cephalopod; the thorax of an arthropod.</def>

<h1>Prosopalgia</h1>
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<hw>Pros`o*pal"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ face + <?/ pain.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Facial neuralgia.</def>

<h1>Prosopocephala</h1>
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<hw>Pros`o*po*ceph`a*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ face, appearance + <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Scaphopoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Prosopolepsy</h1>
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<hw>Pros`o*po*lep"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ a face, a person + <?/ a taking, receiving, <?/ to take.]</ety> <def>Respect of persons; especially, a premature opinion or prejudice against a person, formed from his external appearance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Prosopop</la</h1>
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<hw>Pros`o*po*p<?/"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ a face, a person + <?/ to make.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which things are represented as persons, or by which things inanimate are spoken of as animated beings; also, a figure by which an absent person is introduced as speaking, or a deceased person is represented as alive and present. It includes <i>personification</i>, but is more extensive in its signification.</def>

<h1>Prosopulmonata</h1>
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<hw>Pros`o*pul`mo*na"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ forward + L. <ets>pulmo</ets> a lung.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of pulmonate mollusks having the breathing organ situated on the neck, as in the common snail.</def>

<h1>Prospect</h1>
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<hw>Pros"pect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prospectus</ets>, fr. <ets>prospicere</ets>, <ets>prospectum</ets>, to look forward; <ets>pro</ets> before, forward + <ets>specere</ets>, <ets>spicere</ets>, look, to see: cf. OF. <ets>prospect</ets>. See <er>Spy</er>, <tt>v.<tt>, and cf. <er>Prospectus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is embraced by eye in vision; the region which the eye overlooks at one time; view; scene; outlook.</def>

<blockquote>His eye discovers unaware
The goodly <b>prospect</b> of some foreign land.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Especially, a picturesque or widely extended view; a landscape; hence, a sketch of a landscape</def>.

<blockquote>I went to Putney . . . to take <b>prospects</b> in crayon.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A position affording a fine view; a lookout.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Him God beholding from his <b>prospect</b> high.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Relative position of the front of a building or other structure; face; relative aspect.</def>

<blockquote>And their <b>prospect</b> was toward the south.
<i>Ezek. xl. 44.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The act of looking forward; foresight; anticipation; <as>as, a <ex>prospect</ex> of the future state</as>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<blockquote>Is he a prudent man as to his temporal estate, that lays designs only for a day, without any <b>prospect</b> to, or provision for, the remaining part of life ?
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>That which is hoped for; ground for hope or expectation; expectation; probable result; <as>as, the <ex>prospect</ex> of success</as>.</def> "To brighter <i>prospects</i> born."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>These swell their <b>prospects</b>d exalt their pride,
When offers are disdain'd, and love deny'd.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prospect</h1>
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<hw>Pros"pect</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prospected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prospecting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To look over; to explore or examine for something; <as>as, to <ex>prospect</ex> a district for gold</as>.</def>

<h1>Prospect</h1>
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<hw>Pros"pect</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a search; to seek; to explore, as for mines or the like; <as>as, to <ex>prospect</ex> for gold</as>.</def>

<h1>Prospection</h1>
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<hw>Pro*spec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of looking forward, or of providing for future wants; foresight.</def>

<h1>Prospective</h1>
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<hw>Pro*spec"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prospectivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>prospectif</ets>. See <er>Prospect</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a prospect; furnishing a prospect; perspective.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Time's long and dark <b>prospective</b> glass.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Looking forward in time; acting with foresight; -- opposed to <i>retrospective</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The French king of Sweden are circumspect, industrious, and <b>prospective</b>, too, in this affair.
<i>Sir J. Child.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Being within view or consideration, as a future event or contingency; relating to the future: expected; <as>as, a <ex>prospective</ex> benefit</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Points on which the promises, at the time of ordination, had no <b>prospective</b> bearing.
<i>W. Jay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prospective</h1>
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<hw>Pro*spec"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The scene before or around, in time or in space; view; prospect.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A perspective glass.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Prospectively</h1>
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<hw>Pro*spec"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a prospective manner.</def>

<h1>Prospectiveness</h1>
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<hw>Pro*spec"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being prospective.</def>

<h1>Prospectless</h1>
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<hw>Pros"pect*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no prospect.</def>

<h1>Prospector</h1>
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<hw>Pros"pect*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., one who looks out.]</ety> <def>One who prospects; especially, one who explores a region for minerals and precious metals.</def>

<h1>Prospectus</h1>
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<hw>Pro*spec"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a prospect, sight, view: cf. F. <ets>prospectus</ets>. See <er>Prospect</er>.]</ety> <def>A summary, plan, or scheme of something proposed, affording a prospect of its nature; especially, an exposition of the scheme of an unpublished literary work.</def>

<h1>Prosper</h1>
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<hw>Pros"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prospered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prospering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>prosp\'82rer</ets> v. i., or L.  <ets>prosperare</ets>, v. i., or L. <ets>prosperare</ets>, v. t., fr. <ets>prosper or prosperus</ets>. See <er>Prosperous</er>.]</ety> <def>To favor; to render successful.</def> "<i>Prosper</i> thou our handiwork."

<i>Bk. of Common Prayer.</i>

<blockquote>All things concur to<b>prosper</b> our design.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prosper</h1>
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<hw>Pros"per</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be successful; to succeed; to be fortunate or prosperous; to thrive; to make gain.</def>

<blockquote>They, in their earthly Canaan placed,
Long time shall dwell and <b>prosper</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To grow; to increase.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Black cherry trees <b>prosper</b> even to considerable timber.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prosperity</h1>
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<hw>Pros*per"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>prosp\'82rit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>prosperitas</ets>. See <er>Prosperous</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being prosperous; advance or gain in anything good or desirable; successful progress in any business or enterprise; attainment of the object desired; good fortune; success; <as>as, commercial <ex>prosperity</ex>; national <ex>prosperity</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Now <b>prosperity</b> begins to mellow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Prosperities</b> can only be enjoyed by them who fear not at all to lose the<?/<?/.
<i> Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Fortunate; successful; flourishing; thriving; favorable; auspicious; lucky. See <er>Fortunate</er>.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pros"per*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pros"per*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Prosphysis</h1>
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<hw>Pros"phy*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ to + <?/ to grow.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A growing together of parts; specifically, a morbid adhesion of the eyelids to each other or to the eyeball.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Prospicience</h1>
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<hw>Pro*spi"cience</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prospicientia</ets>, fr. <ets>prospiciens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>prospicere</ets>. See <er>Prospect</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of looking forward.</def>

<h1>Prostate</h1>
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<hw>Pros"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[Gr. <?/ standing before, fr. <?/ to set before; <?/ before + <?/ to set: cf. F. <ets>prostate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Standing before; -- applied to a gland which is found in the males of most mammals, and is situated at the neck of the bladder where this joins the urethra.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The prostate gland.</def></def2>

<h1>Prostatic</h1>
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<hw>Pro*stat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the prostate gland.</def>

<cs><col>Prostatic catheter</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Catheter</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prostatitis</h1>
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<hw>Pros`ta*ti"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Prostate</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the prostate.</def>

<h1>Prosternation</h1>
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<hw>Pros`ter*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Prostration</er>.]</ety> <def>Dejection; depression.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Prosternum</h1>
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<hw>Pro*ster"num</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pro-</er> and <er>Sternum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ventral plate of the prothorax of an insect.</def>

<h1>Prosthesis</h1>
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<hw>Pros"the*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ an addition, fr. <?/ to put to, to add; <?/ to + <?/ to put, place.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The addition to the human body of some artificial part, to replace one that is wanting, as a log or an eye; -- called also <altname>prothesis</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The prefixing of one or more letters to the beginning of a word, as in <i>be</i>loved.</def>

<h1>Prosthetic</h1>
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<hw>Pros*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gr. <?/ disposed to add, <?/ put on.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to prosthesis; prefixed, as a letter or letters to a word.</def>

<h1>Prostibulous</h1>
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<hw>Pros*tib"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prostibulum</ets> prostitute.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to prostitutes or prostitution; meretricious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bale.</i>

<h1>Prostitute</h1>
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<hw>Pros"ti*tute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prostituted</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prostituting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>prostitutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>prostituere</ets> to prostitute; <ets>pro</ets> before, forth + <ets>statuere</ets> to put, place. See <er>Statute</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To offer, as a woman, to a lewd use; to give up to lewdness for hire.</def> "Do not <i>prostitute</i> thy daughter."

<i>Lev. xix. 29.  </i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To devote to base or unworthy purposes; to give up to low or indiscriminate use; <as>as, to <ex>prostitute</ex> talents; to <ex>prostitute</ex> official powers.</as></def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Prostitute</h1>
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<hw>Pros"ti*tute</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prostitutus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Openly given up to lewdness; devoted to base or infamous purposes.</def>

<blockquote>Made bold by want, and <b>prostitute</b> for bread.
<i>Prior</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prostitute</h1>
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<hw>Pros"ti*tute</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prostituta</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A woman giver to indiscriminate lewdness; a strumpet; a harlot.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A base hireling; a mercenary; one who offers himself to infamous employments for hire.</def>

<blockquote>No hireling she, no <b>prostitute</b> to praise.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prostitution</h1>
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<hw>Pros`ti*tu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prostitutio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>prostitution</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of prostituting or offering the body to an indiscriminate intercourse with men; common lewdness of a woman.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of setting one's self to sale, or of devoting to infamous purposes what is in one's power; <as>as, the <ex>prostitution</ex> of abilities; the <ex>prostitution</ex> of the press.</as></def>  "Mental <i>prostitution</i>."

<i>Byron.</i>

<hr>
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Page 1152<p>

<h1>Prostitutor</h1>
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<hw>Pros"ti*tu`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who prostitutes; one who submits himself, of or offers another, to vile purposes.</def>

<i>Bp. Hurd.</i>

<h1>Prostomium</h1>
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<hw>Pro*sto"mi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Prostomia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ before + <?/, <?/, mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That portion of the head of an annelid situated in front of the mouth.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pro*sto"mi*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Prostrate</h1>
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<hw>Pros"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prostratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>prosternere</ets> to prostrate; <ets>pro</ets> before, forward + <ets>sternere</ets> to spread out, throw down. See <er>Stratum</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lying at length, or with the body extended on the ground or other surface; stretched out; as, to sleep <i>prostrate</i></def>

<i>Elyot.</i>

<blockquote>Groveling and <b>prostrate</b> on yon lake of fire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Lying at mercy, as a supplicant.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Lying in a humble, lowly, or suppliant posture.</def>

<blockquote>Prostrate fall
Before him reverent, and there confess
Humbly our faults.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Trailing on the ground; procumbent.</def>

<h1>Prostrate</h1>
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<hw>Pros"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prostrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prostrating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay fiat; to throw down; to level; to fell; <as>as, to <ex>prostrate</ex> the body; to <ex>prostrate</ex> trees or plants.</as></def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>to overthrow; to demolish; to destroy; to deprive of efficiency; to ruin; <as>as, to <ex>prostrate</ex> a village; to <ex>prostrate</ex> a government; to <ex>prostrate</ex> law or justice.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To throw down, or cause to fall in humility or adoration; to cause to bow in humble reverence; used reflexively; <as>as, he <ex>prostrated</ex> himself</as>.</def>

<i>Milman.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cause to sink totally; to deprive of strength; to reduce; <as>as, a person <ex>prostrated</ex> by fever</as>.</def>

<h1>Prostration</h1>
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<hw>Pros*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prostratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>prostration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of prostrating, throwing down, or laying fiat; <as>as, the <ex>prostration</ex> of the body</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of falling down, or of bowing in humility or adoration; primarily, the act of falling on the face, but usually applied to kneeling or bowing in reverence and worship.</def>

<blockquote>A greater <b>prostration</b> of reason than of body.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The condition of being prostrate; great depression; lowness; dejection; <as>as, a <ex>postration</ex> of spirits</as>.</def> "A sudden <i>prostration</i> of strength."

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A latent, not an exhausted, state of the vital energies; great oppression of natural strength and vigor.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Prostration</i>, in its medical use, is analogous to the state of a spring lying under such a weight that it is incapable of action; while <i>exhaustion</i> is analogous to the state of a spring deprived of its elastic powers. The word, however, is often used to denote any great depression of the vital powers.</note>

<h1>Prostyle</h1>
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<hw>Pro"style</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prostylus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ before + <?/ pillar, column: cf. F. <ets>prostyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Having columns in front.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A prostyle portico or building.</def></def2>

<h1>Prosy</h1>
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<hw>Pros"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Prosier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Prosiest</er>.]</wordforms>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to prose; like prose.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dull and tedious in discourse or writing; prosaic.</def>

<h1>Prosylogism</h1>
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<hw>Pro*sy"lo*gism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + <ets>syllogism</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A syllogism preliminary or logically essential to another syllogism; the conclusion of such a syllogism, which becomes a premise of the following syllogism.</def>

<h1>Protactic</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tac"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ placing or placed before, fr. <?/ to place in front; <?/ before + <?/ to arrange.]</ety> <def>Giving a previous narrative or explanation, as of the plot or personages of a play; introductory.</def>

<-- Protactinium.  A radioactive chemical element.  Atomic symbol Pa; at. no. 91; at. wt. of longest-lived isotope, 231 (T<subscr><frac12/</subscr> = 32,500 yrs.)  Also called brevium, Uranium X2 and UX2. -->

<h1>Protagon</h1>
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<hw>Pro"ta*gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a contest. See.</tt> <er>Protagonist</er>. So called because it was the first definitely ascertained principle of the brain.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous phosphorized principle found in brain tissue. By decomposition it yields neurine, fatty acids, and other bodies.</def>

<h1>Protagonist</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tag"o*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ first + <?/ an actor, combatant, fr. <?/ a contest.]</ety> <def>One who takes the leading part in a drama; hence, one who takes lead in some great scene, enterprise, conflict, or the like.</def>

<blockquote>Shakespeare, the <b>protagonist</b> on the great of modern poetry.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Protamin</h1>
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<hw>Pro"ta*min</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ first.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An amorphous nitrogenous substance found in the spermatic fluid of salmon. It is soluble in water, which an alkaline reaction, and unites with acids and metallic bases.</def>

<h1>Protandric</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tan"dric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, a man.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having male sexual organs while young, and female organs later in life.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pro*tan"trism</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Protandrous</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tan"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Proterandrous.</def>

<h1>Protasis</h1>
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<hw>Prot"a*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to stretch before, forward; <?/ before + <?/ to stretch.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A proposition; a maxim.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The introductory or subordinate member of a sentence, generally of a conditional sentence; -- opposed to <i>apodosis</i>. See <er>Apodosis</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The first part of a drama, of a poem, or the like; the introduction; opposed to <i>epitasis</i>.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Protatic</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. L. <ets>protaticus</ets>, F. <ets>protatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the protasis of an ancient play; introductory.</def>

<h1>Proteaceous</h1>
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<hw>Pro`te*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Proteus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the <spn>Proteace\'91</spn>, an order of apetalous evergreen shrubs, mostly natives of the Cape of Good Hope or of Australia.</def>

<h1>Protean</h1>
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<hw>Pro"te*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Proteus; characteristic of Proteus.</def> " <i>Protean</i> transformations."

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exceedingly variable; readily assuming different shapes or forms; <as>as, an am\'d2ba is a <ex>protean</ex> animalcule</as>.</def>

<-- 3. displaying great variety or versatility. -->

<h1>Proteanly</h1>
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<hw>Pro"te*an*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a protean manner.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Protect</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Protected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Protecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>protectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>protegere</ets>, literally, to cover in front; <ets>pro</ets> before + <ets>tegere</ets> to cover. See <er>Tegument</er>.]</ety> <def>To cover or shield from danger or injury; to defend; to guard; to preserve in safety; <as>as, a father <ex>protects</ex> his children</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The gods of Greece <b>protect</b> you!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To guard; shield; preserve. See <er>Defend</er>.</syn>

<h1>Protectingly</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tect"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of protection; in a protective manner.</def>

<h1>Protection</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>protectio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>protection</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of protecting, or the state of being protected; preservation from loss, injury, or annoyance; defense; shelter; <as>as, the weak need <ex>protection</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>To your <b>protection</b> I commend me, gods.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which protects or preserves from injury; a defense; a shield; a refuge.</def>

<blockquote>Let them rise up . . . and be your <b>protection</b>.
<i>Deut. xxxii. 38.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A writing that protects or secures from molestation or arrest; a pass; a safe-conduct; a passport.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . gave them <b>protections</b> under his hand.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Polit. Econ.)</fld> <def>A theory, or a policy, of protecting the producers in a country from foreign competition in the home market by the imposition of such discriminating duties on goods of foreign production as will restrict or prevent their importation; -- opposed to <i>free trade</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Writ of protection</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A writ by which the king formerly exempted a person from arrest; -- now disused</cd>. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <i>Blackstone</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A judicial writ issued to a person required to attend court, as party, juror, etc., intended to secure him from arrest in coming, staying, and returning.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Preservation; defense; guard; shelter; refuge; security; safety.</syn>

<h1>Protectionism</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tec"tion*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Polit. Econ.)</fld> <def>The doctrine or policy of protectionists. See <er>Protection</er>, <er>4</er>.</def>

<h1>Protectionist</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tec"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Polit. Econ.)</fld> <def>One who favors protection. See <er>Protection</er>, <er>4</er>.</def>

<h1>Protective</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tect"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>protectif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affording protection; sheltering; defensive.</def> " The favor of a <i>protective</i> Providence."

<i>Feltham.</i>

<cs><col>Protective coloring</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>coloring which serves for the concealment and preservation of a living organism. Cf. <er>Mimicry</er>. <i>Wallace</i>.</cd> -- <col>Protective tariff</col> <fld>(Polit. Econ.)</fld>, <cd>a tariff designed to secure protection (see <er>Protection</er>, <er>4</er>.), as distinguished from a tariff designed to raise revenue. See <er>Tariff</er>, and <er>Protection</er>, <er>4</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Protectiveness</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tect"ive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being protective.</def>

<i>W. Pater.</i>

<h1>Protector</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tect"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>protecteur</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, defends or shields from injury, evil, oppression, etc.; a defender; a guardian; a patron.</def>

<blockquote>For the world's <b>protector</b> shall be known.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>One having the care of the kingdom during the king's minority; a regent.</def>

<blockquote>Is it concluded he shall be <b>protector</b> !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A cardinal, from one of the more considerable Roman Catholic nations, who looks after the interests of his people at Rome; also, a cardinal who has the same relation to a college, religious order, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Lord Protector</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>the title of Oliver Cromwell as supreme governor of the British Commonwealth (1653-1658).</cd></cs>

<h1>Protectoral</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tect"or*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a protector; protectorial; <as>as, <ex>protectoral</ex> power</as>.</def>

<h1>Protectorate</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tect"or*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>protectorat</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Government by a protector; -- applied especially to the government of England by Oliver Cromwell.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The authority assumed by a superior power over an inferior or a dependent one, whereby the former protects the latter from invasion and shares in the management of its affairs.</def>

<h1>Protectorial</h1>
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<hw>Pro`tec*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>protectorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Protectoral</er>.</def>

<h1>Protectorless</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tect"or*less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no protector; unprotected.</def>

<h1>Protectorship</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tect"or*ship</hw><def>, The office of a protector or regent; protectorate.</def>

<h1>Protectress, Protectrix</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pro*tect"ress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pro*tect"rix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>protectrix</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woman who protects.</def>

<h1>Prot\'82g\'82, n. m. Prot\'82g\'82e</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pro`t\'82`g\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. m.</tt> <hw>Pro`t\'82`g\'82e"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. f.</tt><hw> <ety>[F., p. p. of <ets>prot\'82ger</ets>. See <er>Protect</er>.]</ety> <def>One under the care and protection of another.</def>

<h1>Proteid</h1>
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<hw>Pro"te*id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ first.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a class of amorphous nitrogenous principles, containing, as a rule, a small amount of sulphur; an albuminoid, as blood fibrin, casein of milk, etc.  Proteids are present in nearly all animal fluids and make up the greater part of animal tissues and organs. They are also important constituents of vegetable tissues.  See 2d Note under <er>Food</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pro"te*id</wf>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms><-- older term for protein. -->

<h1>Proteidea</h1>
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<hw>Pro`te*id"e*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Proteus</er>, and <er>-oid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of aquatic amphibians having prominent external gills and four legs. It includes Proteus and Menobranchus (<spn>Necturus</spn>). Called also <altname>Proteoidea</altname>, and <altname>Proteida</altname>.</def>

<h1>Proteiform</h1>
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<hw>Pro*te"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Changeable in form; resembling a Proteus, or an am\'d2ba.</def>

<h1>Protein</h1>
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<hw>Pro"te*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>prw^tos</grk> first: cf. <grk>prwtei^on</grk> the first place.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A body now known as alkali albumin, but originally considered to be the basis of all albuminous substances, whence its name.</def><-- This definition is no longer used.  Proetin is now defined as any polymer of an amino acid joined by peptide (amide) bonds.  Most natural proteins have alpha-amino acids as the monomeric constituents.  All classical enzymes are composed of protein, and control most of the biochemical transformations carrie dout in living cells.  They may be soluble, as casein, albumins, and other globular proteins, or insoluble (e. g. "structural proteins"), as collagen or keratin.  "albumin", an older term for protein, is now used primarily to refer to certain specific soluble globular proteins found in eggs or blood serum, e.g.  Bovine serum albumin, used as an enzymatically inert protein in biochemical research.  -->

<cs><col>Protein crystal</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Crystalloid</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd></cs>

<h1>Proteinaceous</h1>
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<hw>Pro`te*i*na"*ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or related to protein; albuminous; proteid.</def>

<h1>Proteinous</h1>
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<hw>Pro*te"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Proteinaceuos.</def>

<h1>Proteles</h1>
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<hw>Pro"te*les</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South Africa genus of Carnivora, allied to the hyenas, but smaller and having weaker jaws and teeth. It includes the aard-wolf.</def>

<h1>Protend</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Protended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Protending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>protendere</ets>, <ets>protensum</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> before, forth + <ets>tendere</ets> to stretch.]</ety> <def>To hold out; to stretch forth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With his <b>protended</b> lance he makes defence.
<i>Dryden</i></blockquote>.

<h1>Protense</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tense"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Protend</er>.]</ety> <def>Extension.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark> " By due degrees and long <i>protense</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Protension</h1>
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<hw>Pro*ten"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>protensio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A drawing out; extension.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Protensive</h1>
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<hw>Pro*ten"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Drawn out; extended.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Time is a <b>protensive</b> quantity.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Proteolysis</h1>
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<hw>Pro`te*ol"y*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Proteolytic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>The digestion or dissolving of proteid matter by proteolytic ferments.</def>

<h1>Proteolytic</h1>
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<hw>Pro`te*o*lyt"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proteid</ets> + Gr. <?/ to loose.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Converting proteid or albuminous matter into soluble and diffusible products, as peptones.</def> " The <i>proteolytic</i> ferment of the pancreas."

<i>Foster.</i>

<h1>Proterandrous</h1>
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<hw>Pro`ter*an"drous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ earlier (fr. <?/ before) + <?/, <?/, man, male.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the stamens come to maturity before the pistil; -- opposed to <contr>proterogynous</contr>.</def>

<h1>Proterandry</h1>
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<hw>Pro`ter*an"dry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The condition of being proterandrous.</def>

<h1>Proteranthous</h1>
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<hw>Pro`ter*an"thous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ earlier (fr. <?/ before) + <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having flowers appearing before the leaves; -- said of certain plants.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Proteroglypha</h1>
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<hw>Pro`te*rog"ly*pha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ before + <?/ to carve.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of serpents including those that have permanently erect grooved poison fangs, with ordinary teeth behind them in the jaws. It includes the cobras, the asps, and the sea snakes. Called also <altname>Proteroglyphia</altname>.</def>

<h1>Proterogynous</h1>
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<hw>Pro`ter*og"y*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ earlier (fr. <?/ before) + <?/ woman, female.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the pistil come to maturity before the stamens; protogynous; -- opposed to <i>proterandrous</i>.</def>

<h1>Proterosaurus</h1>
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<hw>Pro`te*ro*sau"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ earlier (fr. <?/ before) + <?/ a lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of reptiles of the Permian period. Called also <spn>Protosaurus</spn>.</def>

<h1>Protervity</h1>
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<hw>Pro*ter"vi*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>protervitas</ets>, from <ets>protervus</ets> violent.]</ety> <def>Peevishness; petulance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Protest</h1>
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<hw>Pro*test"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Protested</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Protesting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>protester</ets>, L. <ets>protestari</ets>, <ets>pro</ets> before + <ets>testari</ets> to be a witness, <ets>testis</ets> a witness. See <er>Testify</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To affirm in a public or formal manner; to bear witness; to declare solemnly; to avow.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>protest</b> that his measures are pacific.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The lady doth <b>protest</b> too much, methinks.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a solemn declaration (often a written one) expressive of opposition; -- with <i>against</i>; <as>as, he <ex>protest</ex> against your votes</as>.</def>

<i>Denham.</i>

<blockquote>The conscience has power . . . to <b>protest</b> againts the exorbitancies of the passions.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To affirm; asseverate; assert; aver; attest; testify; declare; profess. See <er>Affirm</er>.</syn>

<h1>Protest</h1>
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<hw>Pro*test"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a solemn declaration or affirmation of; to proclaim; to display; <as>as, to <ex>protest</ex> one's loyalty</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>protest</b> your cowardice.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an affirmation; to appeal to.</def>

<blockquote>Fiercely [they] opposed
My journey strange, with clamorous uproar
<b>Protesting</b> fate supreme.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To protest a bill &or; note</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to make a solemn written declaration, in due form, on behalf of the holder, against all parties liable for any loss or damage to be sustained by the nonacceptance or the nonpayment of the bill or note, as the case may be. This should be made by a notary public, whose seal it is the usual practice to affix.</cd></cs>

<i>Kent. Story.</i>

<h1>Protest</h1>
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<hw>Pro"test</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>prot\'88t</ets>, It. <ets>protesto</ets>. See <er>Protest</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A solemn declaration of opinion, commonly a formal objection against some act; especially, a formal and solemn declaration, in writing, of dissent from the proceedings of a legislative body; <as>as, the <ex>protest</ex> of lords in Parliament</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A solemn declaration in writing, in due form, made by a notary public, usually under his notarial seal, on behalf of the holder of a bill or note, protesting against all parties liable for any loss or damage by the nonacceptance or nonpayment of the bill, or by the nonpayment of the note, as the case may be.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A declaration made by the master of a vessel before a notary, consul, or other authorized officer, upon his arrival in port after a disaster, stating the particulars of it, and showing that any damage or loss sustained was not owing to the fault of the vessel, her officers or crew, but to the perils of the sea, etc., ads the case may be, and protesting against them.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A declaration made by a party, before or while paying a tax, duty, or the like, demanded of him, which he deems illegal, denying the justice of the demand, and asserting his rights and claims, in order to show that the payment was not voluntary.</def> <i>Story</i>. <i>Kent</i>.

<h1>Protestancy</h1>
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<hw>Prot"es*tan*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Protestantism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Protestant</h1>
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<hw>Prot"es*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>protestant</ets>, fr. L. <ets>protestans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>protestare</ets>. See <er>Protest</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <def>One who protests; -- originally applied to those who adhered to Luther, and protested against, or made a solemn declaration of dissent from, a decree of the Emperor Charles V. and the Diet of Spires, in 1529, against the Reformers, and appealed to a general council; -- now used in a popular sense to designate any Christian who does not belong to the Roman Catholic or the Greek Church.</def>

<hr>
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Page 1153<p>

<h1>Protestant</h1>
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<hw>Prot"es*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>protestant</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Making a protest; protesting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the faith and practice of those Christians who reject the authority of the Roman Catholic Church; <as>as, <ex>Protestant</ex> writers</as>.</def>

<h1>Protestantical</h1>
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<hw>Prot`es*tant"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Protestant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Protestantism</h1>
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<hw>Prot"es*tant*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>protestantisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being protestant, especially against the Roman Catholic Church; the principles or religion of the Protestants.</def>

<h1>Protestantly</h1>
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<hw>Prot"es*tant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Like a Protestant; in conformity with Protestantism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Protestation</h1>
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<hw>Prot`es*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>protestatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>protestation</ets>. See <er>Protest</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of making a protest; a public avowal; a solemn declaration, especially of dissent.</def> " The <i>protestation</i> of our faith."

<i>Latimer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Formerly, a declaration in common-law pleading, by which the party interposes an oblique allegation or denial of some fact, protesting that it does or does not exist, and at the same time avoiding a direct affirmation or denial.</def>

<h1>Protestator</h1>
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<hw>Prot"es*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>protestateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who makes protestation; a protester.</def>

<h1>Protester</h1>
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<hw>Pro*test"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who protests; one who utters a solemn declaration.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who protests a bill of exchange, or note.</def>

<h1>Protestingly</h1>
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<hw>Pro*test"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of protesting.</def>

<h1>Proteus</h1>
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<hw>Pro"te*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>A sea god in the service of Neptune who assumed different shapes at will. Hence, one who easily changes his appearance or principles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genus of aquatic eel-shaped amphibians found in caves in Austria. They have permanent external gills as well as lungs. The eyes are small and the legs are weak.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A changeable protozoan; an am\'d2ba.</def>

<-- 3. a genus of gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, including some species pathogenic in man. -->

<h1>Prothalamion, Prothalamium</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pro`tha*la"mi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pro`tha*la"mi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ before + <?/ chamber, especially, the bridal chamber.]</ety> <def>A song in celebration of a marriage.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Prothallium</h1>
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<hw>Pro*thal"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Prothallia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Prothallus</er>.</def>

<h1>Prothallus</h1>
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<hw>Pro*thal"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Prothalli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ before + <?/ a young shoot.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The minute primary growth from the spore of ferns and other <i>Pteridophyta</i>, which bears the true sexual organs; the o\'94phoric generation of ferns, etc.</def>

<h1>Prothesis</h1>
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<hw>Proth"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a placing in public, fr. <?/ to set before; <?/ before + <?/ to set, put.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A credence table; -- so called by the Eastern or Greek Church.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Prosthesis</er>.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Prothetic</h1>
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<hw>Pro*thet"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to prothesis; <as>as, a <ex>prothetic</ex> apparatus</as>.</def>

<h1>Prothonotary, &or; Protonotary</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pro*thon"o*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Pro*ton"o*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl> <plw>-ries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>protonotarius</ets>, fr. Gr. <grk>prw^tos</grk> first + L. <ets>notarius</ets> a shorthand writer, a scribe: cf. F. <ets>protonotaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chief notary or clerk.</def> " My private <i>prothonotary</i>."

<i>Herrick.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formerly, a chief clerk in the Court of King's Bench and in the Court of Common Pleas, now superseded by the <i>master</i>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wharton. Burrill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A register or chief clerk of a court in certain States of the United States.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>Formerly, one who had the charge of writing the acts of the martyrs, and the circumstances of their death; now, one of twelve persons, constituting a college in the Roman Curia, whose office is to register pontifical acts and to make and preserve the official record of beatifications.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Gr. Ch.)</fld> <def>The chief secretary of the patriarch of Constantinople.</def>

<cs><col>Prothonotary warbler</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small American warbler (<spn>Protonotaria citrea</spn>). The general color is golden yellow, the back is olivaceous, the rump and tail are ash-color, several outer tail feathers are partly white.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prothonotaryship</h1>
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<hw>Pro*thon"o*ta*ry*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Office of a prothonotary.</def>

<h1>Prothoracic</h1>
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<hw>Pro`tho*rac"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the prothorax.</def>

<h1>Prothorax</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tho"rax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>pro-</ets> + <ets>thorax</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The first or anterior segment of the thorax in insects. See <i>Illusts</i>. of <er>Butterfly</er> and <er>Coleoptera</er>.</def>

<h1>Pro thyalosoma</h1>
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<hw>Pro* thy`a*lo*so"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Prothyalosomata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ first + <?/ glass + <?/, <?/, body.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The investing portion, or spherical envelope, surrounding the eccentric germinal spot of the germinal vesicle.</def>

<h1>Prothyalosome</h1>
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<hw>Pro*thy"a*lo*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Prothyalosoma</er>.</def>

<h1>Protist</h1>
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<hw>Pro"tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Protista.</def>

<h1>Protista</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tis"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>prw`tistos</grk> first.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A provisional group in which are placed a number of low microscopic organisms of doubtful nature. Some are probably plants, others animals.</def>

<h1>Protiston</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tis"ton</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Protista</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Protista.</def>

<h1>Proto-</h1>
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<hw>Pro"to-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <grk>prw^tos</grk> first, a superl. fr. <?/ before. See <er>Pro-</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> A combining form prefix signifying <i>first, <i>primary</i>, <i>primordial</i>; <as>as, <ex>proto</ex>martyr, the first martyr; <ex>proto</ex>morphic, primitive in form; <ex>proto</ex>plast, a primordial organism; <ex>proto</ex>type, <ex>proto</ex>zoan.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Denoting the <i>first</i> or <i>lowest of a series</i>, or the one having the <i>smallest amount</i> of the element to the name of which it is prefixed; as <i>prot</i>oxide, <i>proto</i>chloride, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Sometimes used as equivalent to <i>mono-</i>, as indicating that the compound has but <i>one atom</i> of the element to the name of which it is prefixed. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Protocanonical</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*ca*non"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the first canon, or that which contains the authorized collection of the books of Scripture; -- opposed to <i>deutero-canonical</i>.</def>

<h1>Protocatechuic</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*cat`e*chu"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an organic acid which is obtained as a white crystalline substance from catechin, asafetida, oil of cloves, etc., and by distillation itself yields pyrocatechin.</def>

<h1>Protocercal</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*cer"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a caudal fin extending around the end of the vertebral column, like that which is first formed in the embryo of fishes; diphycercal.</def>

<h1>Protococcus</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*coc"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Proto-</er>, and <er>Coccus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of minute unicellular alg\'91 including the red snow plant (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>).</def>

<h1>Protocol</h1>
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<hw>Pro"to*col</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>protocole</ets>, LL. <ets>protocollum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ the first leaf glued to the rolls of papyrus and the notarial documents, on which the date was written; <grk>prw^tos</grk> the first (see <er>Proto-</er>) + <?/ glue.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The original copy of any writing, as of a deed, treaty, dispatch, or other instrument.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The minutes, or rough draught, of an instrument or transaction.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Diplomacy)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A preliminary document upon the basis of which negotiations are carried on.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A convention not formally ratified.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An agreement of diplomatists indicating the results reached by them at a particular stage of a negotiation.</def>

<-- 4.  A strict code of etiquette for conduct of behavior among diplomatic or military personnel.
    5. A detailed plan for conduct of a scientific or medical experiment or procedure.  A term used especially in conduct
of medical research requiring approval of a regulatory agency.
-->
<h1>Protocol</h1>
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<hw>Pro"to*col</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make a protocol of.</def>

<h1>Protocol</h1>
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<hw>Pro"to*col</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make or write protocols, or first draughts; to issue protocols.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Protocolist</h1>
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<hw>Pro"to*col`ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who draughts protocols.</def>

<h1>Protoconch</h1>
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<hw>Pro"to*conch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + <ets>conch</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The embryonic shell, or first chamber, of ammonites and other cephalopods.</def>

<h1>Proto-Doric</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to-Dor*ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + <ets>Doric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, architecture, in which the beginnings of the Doric style are supposed to be found.</def>

<h1>Protogine</h1>
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<hw>Pro"to*gine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + root of Gr. <?/ to be born: cf. F. <ets>protogyne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A kind of granite or gneiss containing a silvery talcose mineral.</def>

<h1>Protogynous</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tog"y*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto</ets> + Gr. <grk>gynh`</grk> a woman.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Proterogynous</er>.</def>

<h1>Protohippus</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*hip"pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ first + <?/ horse.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of fossil horses from the Lower Pliocene. They had three toes on each foot, the lateral ones being small.</def>

<h1>Protomartyr</h1>
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<hw>Pro"to*mar`tyr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ first + <?/ martyr: cf. F. <ets>protomartyr</ets>. See <er>Proto-</er>, and <er>Martyr</er>.]</ety> <def>The first martyr; the first who suffers, or is sacrificed, in any cause; -- applied esp. to Stephen, the first Christian martyr.</def>

<h1>Protomerite</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*mer"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + <ets>-mere</ets> + <ets>-ite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The second segment of one of the Gregarin\'91.</def>

<h1>Protomorphic</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*mor"phic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having the most primitive character; in the earliest form; <as>as, a <ex>protomorphic</ex> layer of tissue</as>.</def>

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Protonema</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*ne"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Protonemata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ first + <?/, <?/, a thread.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The primary growth from the spore of a moss, usually consisting of branching confervoid filaments, on any part of which stem and leaf buds may be developed.</def>

<h1>Protonotary</h1>
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<hw>Pro*ton"o*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Prothonotary</er>.</def>

<h1>Proto\'94rganism</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*\'94r"gan*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + <ets>organism</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An organism whose nature is so difficult to determine that it might be referred to either the animal or the vegetable kingdom.</def>

<h1>Protopapas</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*pap"as</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a chief priest.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Ch.)</fld> <def>A protopope.</def>

<h1>Protophyte</h1>
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<hw>Pro"to*phyte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any unicellular plant, or plant forming only a plasmodium, having reproduction only by fission, gemmation, or cell division.</def>

<note>&hand; The protophytes (<spn>Protophyta</spn>) are by some botanists considered an independent branch or class of the vegetable kingdom, and made to include the lowest forms of both fungi and alg\'91, as slime molds, Bacteria, the nostocs, etc. Cf. <er>Carpophyte</er>, and <er>O\'94phyte</er>.</note>

<h1>Protophytology</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*phy*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + <ets>phytology</ets>.]</ety> <def>Paleobotany.</def>

<h1>Protopine</h1>
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<hw>Pro"to*pine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + <ets>opium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid found in opium in small quantities, and extracted as a white crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Protoplasm</h1>
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<hw>Pro"to*plasm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ form, fr. <?/ to mold.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The viscid and more or less granular material of vegetable and animal cells, possessed of vital properties by which the processes of nutrition, secretion, and growth go forward; the so-called " physical basis of life;" the original cell substance, cytoplasm, cytoblastema, bioplasm sarcode, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; The lowest forms of animal and vegetable life (unicellular organisms) consist of <i>simple</i> or <i>unaltered protoplasm</i>; the tissues of the higher organisms, of <i>differentiated protoplasm</i>.</note>

<h1>Protoplasmatic</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*plas*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Protoplasmic.</def>

<h1>Protoplasmic</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*plas"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the first formation of living bodies.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to protoplasm; consisting of, or resembling, protoplasm.</def>

<h1>Protoplast</h1>
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<hw>Pro"to*plast</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>protoplastus</ets> the first man, Gr. <?/ formed or created first; <?/ first + <?/ formed, fr. <?/ to form.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The thing first formed; that of which there are subsequent copies or reproductions; the original.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A first-formed organized body; the first individual, or pair of individuals, of a species.</def>

<blockquote>A species is a class of individuals, each of which is hypothetically considered to be the descendant of the same <b>protoplast</b>, or of the same pair of <b>protoplasts</b>.
<i>Latham.</i></blockquote>

<-- 3. a plant or bacterial cell which has lost its cell wall. As a consequence, protoplasts typically assume a spherical shape, and are unable to resist rupture in a liquid of low osmolarity; but they may live and in some cases divide, provided that the osmotic pressure of the medium is sufficient to prevent expansion to the point of rupture.  -->

<h1>Protoplasta</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*plas"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of fresh-water rhizopods including those that have a soft body and delicate branched pseudopodia. The genus <spn>Gromia</spn> is one of the best-known.</def>

<h1>Protoplastic</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>First-formed.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Protopodite</h1>
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<hw>Pro*top"o*dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The basal portion, or two proximal and more or less consolidated segments, of an appendage of a crustacean.</def>

<h1>Protopope</h1>
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<hw>Pro"to*pope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + <ets>pope</ets>: cf. F. <ets>protopope</ets>, Russ. <ets>protopop'</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Ch.)</fld> <def>One of the clergy of first rank in the lower order of secular clergy; an archpriest; -- called also <altname>protopapas</altname>.</def>

<h1>Protopterus</h1>
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<hw>Pro*top"te*rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ first + <?/ a feather (taken to mean, fin).]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Komtok</er>.</def>

<h1>Protosalt</h1>
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<hw>Pro"to*salt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + <ets>salt</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt derived from a protoxide base.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Protosilicate</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*sil"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + <ets>silicate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A silicate formed with the lowest proportion of silicic acid, or having but one atom of silicon in the molecule.</def>

<h1>Protosomite</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*so"mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + <ets>somite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the primitive segments, or metameres, of an animal.</def>

<h1>Protosulphide</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*sul"phide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + <ets>sulphide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>That one of a series of sulphides of any element which has the lowest proportion of sulphur; a sulphide with but one atom of sulphur in the molecule.</def>

<h1>Protosulphuret</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*sul"phu*ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + <ets>sulphuret</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A protosulphide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Prototheria</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*the"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ first + <?/, dim. of <?/ beast.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Monotremata</er>.</def>

<h1>Prototracheata</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*tra`che*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Proto-</er>, and <er>Trachea</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Malacopoda</er>.</def>

<h1>Prototype</h1>
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<hw>Pro"to*type</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from L. <ets>prototypus</ets> original, primitive, Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ first + <?/ type, model. See <er>Proto-</er>, and <er>Type</er>]</ety> <def>An original or model after which anything is copied; the pattern of anything to be engraved, or otherwise copied, cast, or the like; a primary form; exemplar; archetype.</def>

<blockquote>They will turn their backs on it, like their great precursor and <b>prototype</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Protovertebra</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*ver"te*bra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Protovertebr\'91</plw> </plu>. <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + <ets>vertebra</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the primitive masses, or segments, into which the mesoblast of the vertebrate embryo breaks up on either side of the anterior part of the notochord; a mesoblastic, or protovertebral, somite. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Ectoderm</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The protovertebr\'91 were long regarded as rudiments of the permanent vertebr\'91, but they are now known to give rise to the dorsal muscles and other structures as well as the vertebral column. See <er>Myotome</er>.</note>

<h1>Protovertebral</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*ver"te*bral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the protovertebr\'91.</def>

<h1>Protoxide</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tox"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + <ets>oxide</ets>: cf. F. <ets>protoxide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>That one of a series of oxides having the lowest proportion of oxygen. See <er>Proto-</er>, 2 <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>

<cs><col>protoxide of nitrogen</col>, <cd>laughing gas, now called <altname>hyponitrous oxide</altname><--, used as an anaesthetic in dentistry; now (1950-1996) called nitrous oxide, <chform>NO</chform> -->. See under <er>Laughing</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Protoxidize</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tox"i*dize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To combine with oxygen, as any elementary substance, in such proportion as to form a protoxide.</def>

<h1>Protozoa</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*zo"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ first + <?/ an animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lowest of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom.</def>

<note>&hand; The entire animal consists of a single cell which is variously modified; but in many species a number of these simple zooids are united together so as to form a compound body or organism, as in the Foraminifera and Vorticell\'91. The reproduction takes place by fission, or by the breaking up of the contents of the body after encystment, each portion becoming a distinct animal, or in other ways, but never by true eggs. The principal divisions are Rhizopoda, Gregarin\'91, and Infusoria. See also <er>Foraminifera</er>, <er>Heliozoa</er>, <er>Protoplasta</er>, <er>Radiolaria</er>, <er>Flagellata</er>, <er>Ciliata</er>.</note>

<h1>Protozoan</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*zo"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the <er>Protozoa</er>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Protozoa.</def></def2>

<h1>Protozoic</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Protozoa.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Containing remains of the earliest discovered life of the globe, which included mollusks, radiates and protozoans.</def>

<h1>Protozo\'94n</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*zo"\'94n</hw> <tt>(-&ocr;n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Protozoa</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the Protozoa.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A single zooid of a compound protozoan.</def>

<h1>Protozo\'94nite</h1>
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<hw>Pro`to*zo"\'94*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the primary, or first-formed, segments of an embryonic arthropod.</def>

<h1>Protracheata</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tra`che*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pro-</er>, and <er>Trachea</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Malacopoda</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="1154">
Page 1154<p>

<h1>Protract</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tract"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Protracted</er>; <tt>p. pr. vb. n.</tt> <er>Protracting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>protractus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>protrahere</ets> to forth, protract; <ets>pro</ets> forward + <ets>trahere</ets> to draw. See <er>Portrait</er>, <er>Portray</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw out or lengthen in time or (rarely) in space; to continue; to prolong; <as>as, to <ex>protract</ex> an argument; to <ex>protract</ex> a war.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put off to a distant time; to delay; to defer; <as>as, to <ex>protract</ex> a decision or duty</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Surv.)</fld> <def>To draw to a scale; to lay down the lines and angles of, with scale and protractor; to plot.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>To extend; to protrude; <as>as, the cat can <ex>protract</ex> its claws</as>; -- opposed to <contr>retract</contr>.</def>

<h1>Protract</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tract"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>protractus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tedious continuance or delay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Protracted</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tract`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Prolonged; continued.</def>

<cs><col>Protracted meeting</col>,<cd>a religious meeting continued for many successive days.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pro*tract"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pro*tract"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Protracter</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tract"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A protractor.</def>

<h1>Protractile</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tract"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being protracted, or protruded; protrusile.</def>

<h1>Protraction</h1>
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<hw>Pro*trac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>protractio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A drawing out, or continuing; the act of delaying the termination of a thing; prolongation; continuance; delay; <as>as, the <ex>protraction</ex> of a debate</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>protraction</b> only of what is worst in life.
<i>Mallock.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surv.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act or process of making a plot on paper.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A plot on paper.</def>

<h1>Protractive</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tract"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Drawing out or lengthening in time; prolonging; continuing; delaying.</def>

<blockquote>He suffered their <b>protractive</b> arts.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Protractor</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tract"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, protracts, or causes protraction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mathematical instrument for laying down and measuring angles on paper, used in drawing or in plotting. It is of various forms, semicircular, rectangular, or circular.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument formerly used in extracting foreign or offensive matter from a wound.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which extends an organ or part; -- opposed to <i>retractor</i>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An adjustable pattern used by tailors.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Protreptical</h1>
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<hw>Pro*trep"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to turn forward, to urge on.]</ety> <def>Adapted to persuade; hortatory; persuasive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Ward.</i>

<h1>Protrudable</h1>
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<hw>Pro*trud"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be protruded; protrusile.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<h1>Protrude</h1>
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<hw>Pro*trude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Protruded</er>; <tt>p. pr. &  vb. n.</tt> <er>Protruding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>protrudere</ets>, <ets>protrusum</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> forward + <ets>trudere</ets> to thrust. See <er>Threat</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To thrust forward; to drive or force along.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To thrust out, as through a narrow orifice or from confinement; to cause to come forth.</def>

<blockquote>When . . . Spring <b>protrudes</b> the bursting gems.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Protrude</h1>
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<hw>Pro*trude"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To shoot out or forth; to be thrust forward; to extend beyond a limit; to project.</def>

<blockquote>The parts <b>protrude</b> beyond the skin.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Protrusile</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tru"sile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being protruded or thrust out; protractile; protrusive.</def>

<h1>Protrusion</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tru"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of protruding or thrusting forward, or beyond the usual limit.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being protruded, or thrust forward.</def>

<h1>Protrusive</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tru"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Thrusting or impelling forward; <as>as, <ex>protrusive</ex> motion</as>.</def>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of being protruded; protrusile.</def>

<h1>Protrusively</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tru"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a protrusive manner.</def>

<h1>Protuberance</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tu"ber*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>protub\'82rance</ets>. See <er>Protuberant</er>.]</ety> <def>That which is protuberant swelled or pushed beyond the surrounding or adjacent surface; a swelling or tumor on the body; a prominence; a bunch or knob; an elevation.</def>

<cs><col>Solar protuberances</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>certain rose-colored masses on the limb of the sun which are seen to extend beyond the edge of the moon at the time of a solar eclipse. They may be discovered with the spectroscope on any clear day. Called also <altname>solar prominences</altname>. See <i>Illust<i>. in Append.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Projection</er>, <er>Protuberance</er>. <i>protuberance</i> differs from <i>projection</i>, being applied to parts that rise from the surface with a gradual ascent or small angle; whereas a <i>projection</i> may be at a right angle with the surface.</syn>

<h1>Protuberancy</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tu"ber*an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being protuberant; protuberance; prominence.</def>

<h1>Protuberant</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tu"ber*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>protuberans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>protuberare</ets>. See <er>Protuberate</er>.]</ety> <def>Prominent, or excessively prominent; bulging beyond the surrounding or adjacent surface; swelling; <as>as, a <ex>protuberant</ex> joint; a <ex>protuberant</ex> eye.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pro*tu"ber*ant*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Protuberate</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tu"ber*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>protuberare</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> forward + <ets>tuber</ets> a hump, protuberance. See <er>Tuber</er>.]</ety> <def>To swell, or be prominent, beyond the adjacent surface; to bulge out.</def>

<i>S. Sharp.</i>

<h1>Protuberation</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tu`ber*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of swelling beyond the surrounding surface.</def>

<i>Cooke (1615).</i>

<h1>Protuberous</h1>
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<hw>Pro*tu"ber*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Protuberant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Protureter</h1>
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<hw>Pro`tu*re"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Proto-</er>, <er>Ureter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The duct of a pronephros.</def>

<i>Haeckel.</i>

<h1>Protyle</h1>
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<hw>Pro"tyle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ stuff, material.]</ety> <fld>(Chem. & Astron.)</fld> <def>The hypothetical homogeneous cosmic material of the original universe, supposed to have been differentiated into what are recognized as distinct chemical elements.</def>

<h1>Proud</h1>
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<hw>Proud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Prouder</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Proudest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>proud</ets>, <ets>prout</ets>, <ets>prud</ets>, <ets>prut</ets>, AS. <ets>pr&umac;t</ets>; akin to Icel. pr&umac;&edh;r stately, handsome, Dan. <ets>prud</ets> handsome. Cf. <er>Pride</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Feeling or manifesting pride, in a good or bad sense</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Possessing or showing too great self-esteem; overrating one's excellences; hence, arrogant; haughty; lordly; presumptuous.</def>

<blockquote>Nor much expect
A foe so <b>proud</b> will first the weaker seek.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O death, made <b>proud</b> with pure and princely beauty !
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And shades impervious to the <b>proud</b> world's glare.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having a feeling of high self-respect or self-esteem; exulting (in); elated; -- often with <i>of</i>; <as>as, <ex>proud</ex> of one's country</as></def>. "<i>Proud</i> to be checked and soothed."

<i>Keble.</i>

<blockquote>Are we proud men <b>proud</b> of being proud ?
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Giving reason or occasion for pride or self-gratulation; worthy of admiration; grand; splendid; magnificent; admirable; ostentatious.</def>  "Of shadow <i>proud</i>." <i>Chapman</i>. "<i>Proud</i> titles." <i>Shak.</i> " The <i>proud</i> temple's height."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Till tower, and dome, and bridge-way <b>proud</b>
Are mantled with a golden cloud.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Excited by sexual desire; -- applied particularly to the females of some animals.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Proud</i> is often used with participles in the formation of compounds which, for the most part, are self-explaining; as, <i>proud</i>-crested, <i>proud</i>-minded, <i>proud</i>-swelling.</note>

<cs><col>Proud flesh</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a fungous growth or excrescence of granulations resembling flesh, in a wound or ulcer.</cd></cs>

<h1>Proudish</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Proud"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat proud.</def>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Proudling</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Proud"ling</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A proud or haughty person.</def>

<i>Sylvester.</i>

<h1>Proudly</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Proud"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a proud manner; with lofty airs or mien; haughtily; arrogantly; boastfully.</def>

<blockquote><b>Proudly</b> he marches on, and void of fear.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Proudness</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Proud"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being proud; pride.</def>

<blockquote>Set aside all arrogancy and <b>proudness</b>.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Proustite</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Proust"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the French chemist, J. L. <ets>Proust</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A sulphide of arsenic and silver of a beautiful cochineal-red color, occurring in rhombohedral crystals, and also massive; ruby silver.</def>

<h1>Provable</h1>
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<hw>Prov"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Prove</er>, and cf. <er>Probable</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being proved; demonstrable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Prov"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Prov"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Provand, Proant</h1>
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<hw><hw>Prov"and</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pro"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Provender</er>.]</ety> <def>Provender or food.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>One pease was a soldier's <b>provant</b> a whole day.
<i>Beau. & Fl.  </i></blockquote>

<h1>Provant</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To supply with provender or provisions; to provide for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Nash.</i>

<h1>Provant</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Prov"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Provided for common or general use, as in an army; hence, common in quality; inferior.</def> "A poor <i>provant</i> rapier."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Prove</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Prove</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Proved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Proving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>prover</ets>, F. <ets>prouver</ets>, fr. L. <ets>probare</ets> to try, approve, prove, fr. <ets>probus</ets> good, proper. Cf. <er>Probable</er>, <er>Proof</er>, <er>Probe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To try or to ascertain by an experiment, or by a test or standard; to test; <as>as, to <ex>prove</ex> the strength of gunpowder or of ordnance; to <ex>prove</ex> the contents of a vessel by a standard measure.</as></def>

<blockquote>Thou hast <b>proved</b> mine heart.
<i>Ps. xvii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To evince, establish, or ascertain, as truth, reality, or fact, by argument, testimony, or other evidence.</def>

<blockquote>They have inferred much from slender premises, and conjectured when they could not <b>prove</b>.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To ascertain or establish the genuineness or validity of; to verify; <as>as, to <ex>prove</ex> a will</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To gain experience of the good or evil of; to know by trial; to experience; to suffer.</def>

<blockquote>Where she, captived long, great woes did <b>prove</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>To test, evince, ascertain, or verify, as the correctness of any operation or result; thus, in subtraction, if the difference between two numbers, added to the lesser number, makes a sum equal to the greater, the correctness of the subtraction is <i>proved</i>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <def>To take a trial impression of; to take a proof of; <as>as, to <ex>prove</ex> a page</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To try; verify; justify; confirm; establish; evince; manifest; show; demonstrate.</syn>

<h1>Prove</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Prove</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make trial; to essay.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be found by experience, trial, or result; to turn out to be; <as>as, a medicine <ex>proves</ex> salutary; the report <ex>proves</ex> false.</as></def> "The case <i>proves</i> mortal." <i>Arbuthnot</i>.

<blockquote>So life a winter's morn may <b>prove</b>.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To succeed; to turn out as expected.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The experiment <i>proved</i> not."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Provect</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>provectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>provehere</ets> to carry forward.]</ety> <def>Carried forward; advanced.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Provect</i> in years."

<i>Sir T. Flyot.</i>

<h1>Provection</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>provectio</ets> an advancement.]</ety> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>A carrying forward, as of a final letter, to a following word; <as>as, for example, a <ex>nickname</ex> for <ex>an ekename</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Proveditor</h1>
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<hw>Pro*ved"i*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>proveditore</ets>, <ets>provveditore</ets>, fr. <ets>provedere</ets>, L. <ets>providere</ets>. See <er>Provide</er>, and cf. <er>Purveyor</er>, <er>Provedore</er>.]</ety> <def>One employed to procure supplies, as for an army, a steamer, etc.; a purveyor; one who provides for another.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Provedore</h1>
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<hw>Prov"e*dore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>proveedor</ets>. See <er>Proveditor</er>.]</ety> <def>A proveditor; a purveyor.</def>

<blockquote>Busied with the duties of a <b>provedore</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Proven</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Prov"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p. &or; a.</tt> <def>Proved.</def> "Accusations firmly <i>proven</i> in his mind."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<blockquote>Of this which was the principal charge, and was generally believed to be<b>proven</b>, he was acquitted.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Not proven</col> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>, <cd>a verdict of a jury that the guilt of the accused is not made out, though not disproved.</cd></cs>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Proven&cced;al</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Pro`ven`&cced;al"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>Provence</ets>, fr. L. <ets>provincia</ets> province. See <er>Provincial</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Provence or its inhabitants.</def>

<h1>Proven&cced;al</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Pro`ven`&cced;al"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A native or inhabitant of Provence in France.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The Provencal language. See <er>Langue d'oc</er>.</def>

<h1>Provence rose</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Prov"ence rose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[<ets>Provence</ets> the place + <ets>rose</ets>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The cabbage rose (<spn>Rosa centifolia</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A name of many kinds of roses which are hybrids of <spn>Rosa centifolia</spn> and <spn>R. Gallica</spn>.</def>

<h1>Provencial</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Pro*ven"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Proven&cced;al</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Provence in France.</def>

<h1>Provend</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Prov"end</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Provand</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Provender</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Prov"en*der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>provende</ets>, F. <ets>provende</ets>, provisions, provender, fr. LL.  <ets>praebenda</ets> (<ets>prae</ets> and <ets>pro</ets> being confused), a daily allowance of provisions, a prebend. See <er>Prebend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dry food for domestic animals, as hay, straw, corn, oats, or a mixture of ground grain; feed.</def> "Hay or other <i>provender</i>."

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<blockquote>Good <b>provender</b> laboring horses would have.
<i>Tusser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Food or provisions.</def> <mark>[R or Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Provent</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Prov"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Provand</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Proventricle</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Pro*ven"tri*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Proventriculus.</def>

<h1>Proventriulus</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Pro`ven*tri"u*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pro-</er>, and <er>Ventricle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The glandular stomach of birds, situated just above the crop.</def>

<h1>Prover</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Prov"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, proves.</def>

<h1>Proverb</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Prov"erb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>proverbe</ets>, F. <ets>proverbe</ets>, from L. <ets>proverbium</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> before, for + <ets>verbum</ets> a word. See <er>Verb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An old and common saying; a phrase which is often repeated; especially, a sentence which briefly and forcibly expresses some practical truth, or the result of experience and observation; a maxim; a saw; an adage.</def>

<i>Chaucer. Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A striking or paradoxical assertion; an obscure saying; an enigma; a parable.</def>

<blockquote>His disciples said unto him, Lo, now speakest thou plainly, and speakest no <b>proverb</b>.
<i>John xvi. 29.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A familiar illustration; a subject of contemptuous reference.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt become an astonishment, a <b>proverb</b>, and a by word, among all nations.
<i>Deut. xxviii. 37.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A drama exemplifying a proverb.</def>

<cs><col>Book of Proverbs</col>, <cd>a canonical book of the Old Testament, containing a great variety of wise maxims.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Maxim; aphorism; apothegm; adage; saw.</syn>

<h1>Proverb</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Prov"erb</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To name in, or as, a proverb.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Am I not sung and <b>proverbed</b> for a fool ?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To provide with a proverb.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I am <b>proverbed</b> with a grandsire phrase.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Proverb</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Prov"erb</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To write or utter proverbs.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Proverbial</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Pro*ver"bi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proverbialis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>proverbial</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mentioned or comprised in a proverb; used as a proverb; hence, commonly known; <as>as, a <ex>proverbial</ex> expression; his meanness was <ex>proverbial</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>In case of excesses, I take the German <b>proverbial</b> cure, by a hair of the same beast, to be the worst.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to proverbs; resembling a proverb.</def> "A <i>proverbial</i> obscurity."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Proverbialism</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Pro*ver"bi*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A proverbial phrase.</def>

<h1>Proverbialist</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Pro*ver"bi*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes much use of proverbs in speech or writing; one who composes, collects, or studies proverbs.</def>

<h1>Proverbialize</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Pro*ver"bi*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>proverbialiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To turn into a proverb; to speak in proverbs.</def>

<h1>Proverbially</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Pro*ver"bi*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a proverbial manner; by way of proverb; hence, commonly; universally; <as>as, it is <ex>proverbially</ex> said; the bee is <ex>proverbially</ex> busy.</as></def>

<h1>Provexity</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Pro*vex"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>provehere</ets> to advance. Cf. <er>Provect</er>.]</ety> <def>Great advance in age.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Provide</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Pro*vide"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Provided</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Providing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>providere</ets>, <ets>provisum</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> before + <ets>videre</ets> to see. See <er>Vision</er>, and cf. <er>Prudent</er>, <er>Purvey</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To look out for in advance; to procure beforehand; to get, collect, or make ready for future use; to prepare.</def> "<i>Provide</i> us all things necessary."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To supply; to afford; to contribute.</def>

<blockquote>Bring me berries, or such cooling fruit
As the kind, hospitable woods <b>provide</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish; to supply; -- formerly followed by <i>of</i>, now by <i>with</i>.</def> "And yet <i>provided</i> him of but one." <i>Jer. Taylor</i>. "Rome . . . was well <i>provided</i> with corn." <i>Arbuthnot</i>.

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To establish as a previous condition; to stipulate; <as>as, the contract <ex>provides</ex> that the work be well done</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To foresee.</def> <note>[A <i>Latinism</i>]</note> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To appoint to an ecclesiastical benefice before it is vacant. See <er>Provisor</er>.</def>

<i>Prescott.</i>

<h1>Provide</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Pro*vide"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To procure supplies or means in advance; to take measures beforehand in view of an expected or a possible future need, especially a danger or an evil; -- followed by <i>against or for</i>; <as>as, to <ex>provide</ex> against the inclemency of the weather; to <ex>provide</ex> for the education of a child.</as></def>

<blockquote>Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to <b>provide</b> for human wants.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stipulate previously; to condition; <as>as, the agreement <ex>provides</ex> for an early completion of the work</as>.</def>

<h1>Provided</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Pro*vid"ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <def>On condition; by stipulation; with the understanding; if; -- usually followed by <i>that</i>; <as>as, <ex>provided</ex> that nothing in this act shall prejudice the rights of any person whatever</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Provided</b> the deductions are logical, they seem almost indifferent to their truth.
<i>G. H. Lewes.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word is strictly a participle, and the word <i>being</i> is understood, the participle <i>provided</i> agreeing with the whole sentence absolute, and being equivalent to <i>this condition being previously stipulated or established</i>.</note>

<h1>Providence</h1>
<Xpage=1154>

<hw>Prov"i*dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>providentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>providence</ets>. See <er>Provident</er>, and cf. <er>Prudence</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of providing or preparing for future use or application; a making ready; preparation.</def>

<blockquote><b>Providence</b> for war is the best prevention of it.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Foresight; care; especially, the foresight and care which God manifests for his creatures; hence, God himself, regarded as exercising a constant wise prescience.</def>

<blockquote>The world was all before them, where to choose
Their place of rest, and <b>Providence</b> their guide.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>A manifestation of the care and superintendence which God exercises over his creatures; an event ordained by divine direction.</def>

<blockquote>He that hath a numerous family, and many to provide for, needs a greater <b>providence</b> of God.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1155">
Page 1155<p>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Prudence in the management of one's concerns; economy; frugality.</def>

<blockquote>It is a high point of <b>providence</b> in a prince to cast an eye rather upon actions than persons.
<i>Quarles.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Provident</h1>
<Xpage=1155>

<hw>Prov"i*dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>providens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>pr</ets>. of <ets>providere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>provident</ets>. See <er>Provide</er>, and cf. <er>Prudent</er>.]</ety> <def>Foreseeing wants and making provision to supply them; prudent in preparing for future exigencies; cautious; economical; -- sometimes followed by <i>of</i>; <as>as, a<ex>provident</ex> man; an animal <ex>provident</ex> of the future.</as></def>

<blockquote>And of our good and of our dignity,
How <b>provident</b> he is.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Forecasting; cautious; careful; prudent; frugal; economical.</syn>

<h1>Providential</h1>
<Xpage=1155>

<hw>Prov`i*den"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>providentiel</ets>.]</ety> <def>Effected by, or referable to, divine direction or superintendence; <as>as, the <ex>providential</ex> contrivance of thing; a <ex>providential</ex> escape.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Prov"i*den"tial*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Providently</h1>
<Xpage=1155>

<hw>Prov"i*dent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a provident manner.</def>

<h1>Providentness</h1>
<Xpage=1155>

<hw>Prov"i*dent*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being provident; carefulness; prudence; economy.</def>

<h1>Provider</h1>
<Xpage=1155>

<hw>Pro*vid"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who provides, furnishes, or supplies; one who procures what is wanted.</def>

<h1>Providore</h1>
<Xpage=1155>

<hw>Prov"i*dore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Provedore</er>.]</ety> <def>One who makes provision; a purveyor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>De Foe.</i>

<h1>Province</h1>
<Xpage=1155>

<hw>Prov"ince</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>provincia</ets>; prob. fr. <ets>pro</ets> before, for + the root of <ets>vincere</ets> to conquer. See <er>Victor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Roman Hist.)</fld> <def>A country or region, more or less remote from the city of Rome, brought under the Roman government; a conquered country beyond the limits of Italy.</def>

<i>Wyclif (Acts xiii. 34). Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A country or region dependent on a distant authority; a portion of an empire or state, esp. one remote from the capital.</def> "Kingdoms and <i>provinces</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A region of country; a tract; a district.</def>

<blockquote>Over many a tract
of heaven they marched, and many a <b>province</b> wide.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Other <b>provinces</b> of the intellectual world.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A region under the supervision or direction of any special person; the district or division of a country, especially an ecclesiastical division, over which one has jurisdiction; <as>as, the <ex>province</ex> of Canterbury, or that in which the archbishop of Canterbury exercises ecclesiastical authority</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The proper or appropriate business or duty of a person or body; office; charge; jurisdiction; sphere.</def>

<blockquote>The woman's<b>province</b> is to be careful in her economy, and chaste in her affection.
<i>Tattler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Specif.: Any political division of the Dominion of Canada, having a governor, a local legislature, and representation in the Dominion parliament. Hence, colloquially, <i>The Provinces</i>, the Dominion of Canada.</def>

<h1>Provincial</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vin"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>provincialis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>provincial</ets>. See <er>Province</er>, and cf. <er>Provencal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to province; constituting a province; <as>as, a <ex>provincial</ex> government; a <ex>provincial</ex> dialect.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exhibiting the ways or manners of a province; characteristic of the inhabitants of a province; not cosmopolitan; countrified; not polished; rude; hence, narrow; illiberal.</def> "<i>Provincial</i> airs and graces."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an ecclesiastical province, or to the jurisdiction of an archbishop; not ecumenical; <as>as, a <ex>provincial</ex> synod</as>.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to Provence; Provencal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With two <b>Provincial</b> roses on my razed shoes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Provincial</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vin"cial</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person belonging to a province; one who is provincial.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A monastic superior, who, under the general of his order, has the direction of all the religious houses of the same fraternity in a given district, called a <i>province</i> of the order.</def>

<h1>Provincialism</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vin"cial*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>provincialisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>A word, or a manner of speaking, peculiar to a province or a district remote from the mother country or from the metropolis; a provincial characteristic; hence, narrowness; illiberality.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Provincialist</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vin"cial*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lives in a province; a provincial.</def>

<h1>Provinciality</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vin`ci*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being provincial; peculiarity of language characteristic of a province.</def>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<h1>Provincialize</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vin"cial*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Provincialized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Provincializing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To render provincial.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Provincially</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vin"cial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a provincial manner.</def>

<h1>Provinciate</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vin"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To convert into a province or provinces.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Provine</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>provingner</ets>, fr. <ets>provin</ets> a set, layer of a plant, OF. <ets>provain</ets>, from L. <ets>propago</ets>, <ets>-aginis</ets>, akin to <ets>propagare</ets> to propagate. See <er>Propagate</er>, <er>Prune</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To lay a stock or branch of a vine in the ground for propagation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Provision</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vi"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>provisio</ets>:  cf. F.  <ets>provision</ets>. See <er>Provide</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of providing, or making previous preparation.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is provided or prepared; that which is brought together or arranged in advance; measures taken beforehand; preparation.</def>

<blockquote>Making <b>provision</b> for the relief of strangers.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Especially, a stock of food; any kind of eatables collected or stored; -- often in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>And of <b>provisions</b> laid in large,
For man and beast.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is stipulated in advance; a condition; a previous agreement; a proviso; <as>as, the <ex>provisions</ex> of a contract; the statute has many <ex>provisions</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A canonical term for regular induction into a benefice, comprehending nomination, collation, and installation.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>A nomination by the pope to a benefice before it became vacant, depriving the patron of his right of presentation.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Provision</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vi"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Provisioned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Provisioning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To supply with food; to victual; <as>as, to <ex>provision</ex> a garrison</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They were <b>provisioned</b> for a journey.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Provisional</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vi"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>provisionnel</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of a provision; serving as a provision for the time being; -- used of partial or temporary arrangements; <as>as, a <ex>provisional</ex> government; a <ex>provisional</ex> treaty.</as></def>

<h1>Provisionally</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vi"sion*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of provision for the time being; temporarily.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Provisionary</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vi"sion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Provisional.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Proviso</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vi"so</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Provisos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., (it) being provided, abl. of <ets>provisus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>providere</ets>. See <er>Provide</er>, and cf. <er>Purview</er>.]</ety> <def>An article or clause in any statute, agreement, contract, grant, or other writing, by which a condition is introduced, usually beginning with the word <i>provided</i>; a conditional stipulation that affects an agreement, contract, law, grant, or the like; <as>as, the contract was impaired by its <ex>proviso</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>He doth deny his prisoners,
But with <b>proviso</b> and exception.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Provisor</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vi"sor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>providere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>proviseur</ets>. See <er>Provide</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who provides; a purveyor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The chief <i>provisor</i> of our horse."

<i>Ford.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The purveyor, steward, or treasurer of a religious house.</def> <i>Cowell</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who is regularly inducted into a benefice. See <er>Provision</er>, 5.</def>  <i>P. Plowman</i>.

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who procures or receives a papal provision. See <er>Provision</er>, 6.</def>

<h1>Provisorily</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vi"so*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a provisory manner; conditionally; subject to a proviso; <as>as, to admit a doctrine <ex>provisorily</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Provisorship</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vi"sor*ship</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or position of a provisor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. Webster.</i>

<h1>Provisory</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vi"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>provisoire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of the nature of a proviso; containing a proviso or condition; conditional; <as>as, a <ex>provisory</ex> clause</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Making temporary provision; provisional.</def>

<h1>Provocation</h1>
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<hw>Prov`o*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>provocation</ets>, L. <ets>provocatio</ets>. See <er>Provoke</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of provoking, or causing vexation or, anger.</def>

<i>Fabyan.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which provokes, or excites anger; the cause of resentment; <as>as, to give <ex>provocation</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Paley.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Incitement; stimulus; <as>as, <ex>provocation</ex> to mirth</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Such prior insult or injury as may be supposed, under the circumstances, to create hot blood, and to excuse an assault made in retort or redress.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An appeal to a court. <note>[A Latinism]</note></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Provocative</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vo"ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>provocativus</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>provocatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate; exciting.</def>

<h1>Provocative</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vo"ca*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything that is provocative; a stimulant; <as>as, a <ex>provocative</ex> of appetite</as>.</def>

<h1>Provocativeness</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vo"ca*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being provocative.</def>

<h1>Provocatory</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vo"ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Provocative.</def>

<h1>Provokable</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vok"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be provoked.</def>

<h1>Provoke</h1>
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<hw>Pro*voke"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Provoked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Provoking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>provoquer</ets>, L. <ets>provocare</ets> to call forth; <ets>pro</ets> forth + <ets>vocare</ets> to call, fr. <ets>vox</ets>, <ets>vocis</ets>, voice, cry, call. See <er>Voice</er>.]</ety> <def>To call forth; to call into being or action; esp., to incense to action, a faculty or passion, as love, hate, or ambition; hence, commonly, to incite, as a person, to action by a challenge, by taunts, or by defiance; to exasperate; to irritate; to offend intolerably; to cause to retaliate.</def>

<blockquote>Obey his voice, <b>provoke</b> him not.
<i>Ex. xxiii. 21.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ye fathers, <b>provoke</b> not your children to wrath.
<i>Eph. vi. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Such acts
Of contumacy will <b>provoke</b> the Highest
To make death in us live.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Can honor's voice <b>provoke</b> the silent dust?
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To the poet the meaning is what he pleases to make it, what it <b>provokes</b> in his own soul.
<i> J. Burroughs.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To irritate; arouse; stir up; awake; excite; incite; anger. See <er>Irritate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Provoke</h1>
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<hw>Pro*voke"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause provocation or anger.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To appeal. <note>[A Latinism]</note></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Provokement</h1>
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<hw>Pro*voke"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act that which, provokes; one who excites anger or other passion, or incites to action; <as>as, a <ex>provoker</ex> of sedition</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Drink, sir, is a great <b>provoker</b> of three things.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Provoking</h1>
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<hw>Pro*vok"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the power or quality of exciting resentment; tending to awaken passion or vexation; <as>as, <ex>provoking</ex> words or treatment</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pro*vok"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Provost</h1>
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<hw>Prov"ost</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>provost</ets> (L. <ets>prae</ets> and <ets>pro</ets> being confused), F. <ets>prev\'93t</ets>, fr. L. <ets>praepositus</ets> placed before, a chief, fr. <ets>praeponere</ets> to place before: cf. AS. <ets>pr\'befost</ets>, <ets>pr&omac;fast</ets>. See <er>Preposition</er>, and cf. <er>Propound</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person who is appointed to superintend, or preside over, something; the chief magistrate in some cities and towns; <as>as, the <ex>provost</ex> of Edinburgh or of Glasgow, answering to the mayor of other cities; the <ex>provost</ex> of a college, answering to president; the <ex>provost</ex> or head of certain collegiate churches.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The keeper of a prison.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; In France, formerly, a <i>provost</i> was an inferior judge who had cognizance of civil causes. The <i>grand provost of France</i>, <i>or of the household</i>, had jurisdiction in the king's house, and over its officers.</note>

<cs><col>Provost marshal</col><cd> <tt>(often pronounced <?/)</tt>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>An officer appointed in every army, in the field, to secure the prisoners confined on charges of a general nature. He also performs such other duties pertaining to police and discipline as the regulations of the service or the commander's orders impose upon him.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Nav.)</fld> <cd>An officer who has charge of prisoners on trial by court-martial, serves notices to witnesses, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Provostship</h1>
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<hw>Prov"ost*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a provost.</def>

<h1>Prow</h1>
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<hw>Prow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>proue</ets> (cf. Sp. & Pg. <ets>proa</ets>, It. <ets>prua</ets>), L. <ets>prora</ets>, Gr. <?/, akin to <?/ before. See <er>Pro-</er>, and cf. <er>Prore</er>.]</ety> <def>The fore part of a vessel; the bow; the stem; hence, the vessel itself.</def>

<i>Wordsworth.</i>

<blockquote>The floating vessel swum
Uplifted, and secure with beaked <b>prow</b>
rode tilting o'er the waves.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prow</h1>
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<hw>Prow</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Proa</er>.</def>

<h1>Prow</h1>
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<hw>Prow</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Prower</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Prowest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.<ets>prou</ets>, <ets>preu</ets>, F. <ets>preux</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pro</ets>, <ets>prod</ets>, in <ets>prodesse</ets> to be useful. See <er>Pro-</er>, and cf. <er>Prude</er>.]</ety> <def>Valiant; brave; gallant; courageous.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>prowest</b> knight that ever field did fight.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prow</h1>
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<hw>Prow</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. & OF. <ets>prou</ets>. See <er>Prow</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>Benefit; profit; good; advantage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That shall be for your hele and for your <b>prow</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prowess</h1>
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<hw>Prow"ess</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>proece</ets>, <ets>proesce</ets>, F. <ets>prouesse</ets>. See <er>Prow</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>Distinguished bravery; valor; especially, military bravery and skill; gallantry; intrepidity; fearlessness.</def>

<i>Chaucer. Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<blockquote>He by his <b>prowess</b> conquered all France.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prowl</h1>
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<hw>Prowl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Prowled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prowling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>prollen</ets> to search about; of uncertain origin, perh. for <ets>proglen</ets>, a dim. of <ets>prog</ets> to beg, or <ets>proke</ets> to poke. Cf. <er>Proke</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rove over, through, or about in a stealthy manner; esp., to search in, as for prey or booty.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>prowls</b> each place, still in new colors decked.
<i> Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To collect by plunder; <as>as, to <ex>prowl</ex> money</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Prowl</h1>
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<hw>Prowl</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To rove or wander stealthily, esp. for prey, as a wild beast; hence, to prey; to plunder.</def>

<h1>Prowl</h1>
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<hw>Prowl</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of prowling.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Prowler</h1>
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<hw>Prowl"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One that prowls.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Prowling</h1>
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<hw>Prowl"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Accustomed to prowl, or engaged in roving stealthily, as for prey.</def> "A <i>prowling</i> wolf." <i>Milton</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Prowl"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Prox</h1>
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<hw>Prox</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Proxy</er>.]</ety> <def>"The ticket or list of candidates at elections, presented to the people for their votes."</def> <mark>[Rhode Island]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Proxene</h1>
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<hw>Prox"ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <?/; <?/ before + <?/ a guest, stranger: cf. F. <ets>prox\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An officer who had the charge of showing hospitality to those who came from a friendly city or state.</def>

<h1>Proxenet</h1>
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<hw>Prox"e*net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proxeneta</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A negotiator; a factor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Proximad</h1>
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<hw>Prox"i*mad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Proximal</ets> + L. <ets>ad</ets> to.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Toward a proximal part; on the proximal side of; proximally.</def>

<h1>Proximal</h1>
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<hw>Prox"i*mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Toward or nearest, as to a body, or center of motion of dependence; proximate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Situated near the point of attachment or origin; <as>as, the <ex>proximal</ex> part of a limb</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to that which is proximal; <as>as, the <ex>proximal</ex> bones of a limb</as>. Opposed to <i>distal</i>.</def>

<h1>Proximally</h1>
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<hw>Prox"i*mal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>On or toward a proximal part; proximad.</def>

<h1>Proximate</h1>
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<hw>Prox"i*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proximatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>proximare</ets> to come near, to approach, fr. <ets>proximus</ets> the nearest, nest, superl. of <ets>propior</ets> nearer, and <ets>prope</ets>, adv., near.]</ety> <def>Nearest; next immediately preceding or following.</def> "<i>Proximate</i> ancestors."

<i>J. S. Harford.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>proximate</b> natural causes of it [the deluge].
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Proximate analysis</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>an analysis which determines the proximate principles of any substance, as contrasted with an <i>ultimate analysis<i>.</cd> -- <col>Proximate cause</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A cause which immediately precedes and produces the effect, as distinguished from the <i>remote<i>, <i>mediate<i>, <i>or predisposing<i> cause.</cd> <i>I. Watts</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>That which in ordinary natural sequence produces a specific result, no independent disturbing agencies intervening.</cd> -- <col>Proximate principle</col> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>one of a class of bodies existing ready formed in animal and vegetable tissues, and separable by chemical analysis, as albumin, sugar, collagen, fat, etc.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Nearest; next; closest; immediate; direct.</syn>

<h1>Proximately</h1>
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<hw>Prox"i*mate*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a proximate manner, position, or degree; immediately.</def>

<h1>Proxime</h1>
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<hw>Prox"ime</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proximus</ets>. See <er>Proximate</er>.]</ety> <def>Next; immediately preceding or following.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Proximious</h1>
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<hw>Prox*im"i*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Proximate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Proximity</h1>
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<hw>Prox*im"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>proximitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>proximit\'82</ets> See <er>Proximate</er>, and cf. <er>Propinquity</er>, <er>Approach</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being next in time, place, causation, influence, etc.; immediate nearness, either in place, blood, or alliance.</def>

<blockquote>If he plead <b>proximity</b> of blood
That empty title is with ease withstood.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Proximo</h1>
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<hw>Prox"i*mo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., on the next, abl. of <ets>proximus</ets> next.]</ety> <def>In the next month after the present; -- often contracted to <i>prox.</i>; <as>as, on the 3d <ex>proximo</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Proxy</h1>
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<hw>Prox"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Proxies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Contr. from <ets>procuracy</ets>. Cf. <er>Proctor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The agency for another who acts through the agent; authority to act for another, esp. to vote in a legislative or corporate capacity.</def>

<blockquote>I have no man's <b>proxy</b>: I speak only for myself.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The person who is substituted or deputed to act or vote for another.</def>

<blockquote>Every peer . . . may make another lord of parliament his <b>proxy</b>, to vote for him in his absence.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A writing by which one person authorizes another to vote in his stead, as in a corporation meeting.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The written appointment of a proctor in suits in the ecclesiastical courts.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>See <er>Procuration</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Proxy</h1>
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<hw>Prox"y</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act or vote by proxy; to do anything by the agency of another.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Proxyship</h1>
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<hw>Prox"y*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or agency of a proxy.</def>

<h1>Pruce</h1>
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<hw>Pruce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. for <ets>Prussia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>Prusse</ets>.]</ety> <def>Prussian leather.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<hr>
<page="1156">
Page 1156<p>

<h1>Prude</h1>
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<hw>Prude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., prudish, originally, discreet, modest; shortened from OF. <ets>prudefeme</ets>, <ets>preudefeme</ets>, a discreet or excellent woman; OF. <ets>preu</ets>, <ets>prou</ets>, excellent, brave + <ets>de</ets> of + <ets>fete</ets> woman. See <er>Prow</er>, <tt>a.<tt>, <er>Prowess</er>.]</ety> <def>A woman of affected modesty, reserve, or coyness; one who is overscrupulous or sensitive; one who affects extraordinary prudence in conduct and speech.</def>

<blockquote>Less modest than the speech of <b>prudes</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prudence</h1>
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<hw>Pru"dence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>prudentia</ets>, contr. from <ets>providentia</ets>. See <er>Prudent</er>, and cf. <er>Providence</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being prudent; wisdom in the way of caution and provision; discretion; carefulness; hence, also, economy; frugality.</def>

<blockquote><b>Prudence</b> is principally in reference to actions to be done, and due means, order, seasons, and method of doing or not doing.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Prudence</b> supposes the value of the end to be assumed, and refers only to the adaptation of the means. It is the relation of right means for given ends.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Wisdom; forecast; providence; considerateness; judiciousness; discretion; caution; circumspection; judgment. See <er>Wisdom</er>.</syn>

<h1>Prudency</h1>
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<hw>Pru"den*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Prudence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hakluyt.</i>

<h1>Prudent</h1>
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<hw>Pru"dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prudens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, contr. from <ets>providens</ets>: cf. F. <ets>prudent</ets>. See <er>Provident</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sagacious in adapting means to ends; circumspect in action, or in determining any line of conduct; practically wise; judicious; careful; discreet; sensible; -- opposed to <i>rash</i>; <as>as, a <ex>prudent</ex> man</as>; dictated or directed by prudence or wise forethought; evincing prudence; <as>as, <ex>prudent</ex> behavior</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Moses established a grave and <b>prudent</b> law.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Frugal; economical; not extravagant; <as>as, a <ex>prudent</ex> woman; <ex>prudent</ex> expenditure of money</as></def>.

<syn>Syn. -- Cautious; wary; circumspect; considerate; discreet; judicious; provident; economical; frugal.</syn>
<-- note sensible and careful in def. above. Why not here??? -->

<h1>Prudential</h1>
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<hw>Pru*den"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Proceeding from, or dictated or characterized by, prudence; prudent; discreet; sometimes, selfish or pecuniary as distinguished from higher motives or influences; <as>as, <ex>prudential</ex> motives</as>.</def> " A <i>prudential</i> line of conduct."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exercising prudence; discretionary; advisory; superintending or executive; <as>as, a <ex>prudential</ex> committee</as>.</def>

<h1>Prudential</h1>
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<hw>Pru*den"tial</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which relates to or demands the exercise of, discretion or prudence; -- usually in the <pluf>pl.</pluf></def>

<blockquote>Many stanzas, in poetic measures, contain rules relating to common <b>prudentials</b> as well as to religion.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prudentialist</h1>
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<hw>Pru*den"tial*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is governed by, or acts from, prudential motives.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Prudentiality</h1>
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<hw>Pru*den`ti*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being prudential.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Prudentially</h1>
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<hw>Pru*den"tial*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a prudential manner; prudently.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Prudently</h1>
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<hw>Pru"dent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a prudent manner.</def>

<h1>Prudery</h1>
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<hw>Prud"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pruderies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>pruderie</ets>. See <er>Prude</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being prudish; excessive or affected scrupulousness in speech or conduct; stiffness; coyness.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Prudhomme</h1>
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<hw>Prud*homme"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>prud'homme</ets>. cf. <er>Prude</er>.]</ety> <def>A trustworthy citizen; a skilled workman. See Citation under 3d <er>Commune</er>, <er>1</er>.</def>

<h1>Prudish</h1>
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<hw>Prud"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a prude; very formal, precise, or reserved; affectedly severe in virtue; <as>as, a <ex>prudish</ex> woman; <ex>prudish</ex> manners.</as></def>

<blockquote>A formal lecture, spoke with <b>prudish</b> face.
<i>Garrick.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prudishly</h1>
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<hw>Prud"ish*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a prudish manner.</def>

<h1>Pruinate</h1>
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<hw>Pru"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Pruinose</er>.</def>

<h1>Pruinose</h1>
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<hw>Pru"i*nose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pruinosus</ets>, fr. <ets>pruina</ets> hoarfrost.]</ety> <def>Frosty; covered with fine scales, hairs, dust, bloom, or the like, so as to give the appearance of frost.</def>

<h1>Pruinous</h1>
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<hw>Pru"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Frosty; pruinose.</def>

<h1>Prune</h1>
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<hw>Prune</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pruned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pruning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>proine</ets>, probably fr. F. <ets>provigner</ets> to lay down vine stocks for propagation; hence, probably, the meaning, to cut away superfluous shoots. See <er>Provine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lop or cut off the superfluous parts, branches, or shoots of; to clear of useless material; to shape or smooth by trimming; to trim: as, to <i>prune</i> trees; to <i>prune</i> an essay.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<blockquote>Taking into consideration how they [laws] are to be <b>pruned</b> and reformed.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our delightful task
To <b>prune</b> these growing plants, and tend these flowers.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cut off or cut out, as useless parts.</def>

<blockquote>Horace will our superfluous branches <b>prune</b>.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To preen; to prepare; to dress.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>His royal bird
<b>Prunes</b> the immortal wing and cloys his beak.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prune</h1>
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<hw>Prune</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To dress; to prink; -used humorously or in contempt.</def>

<i>Dryden</i>.

<h1>Prune</h1>
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<hw>Prune</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>prune</ets>, from L. <ets>prunum</ets> a plum. See <er>Plum</er>.]</ety> <def>A plum; esp., a dried plum, used in cookery; <as>as, French or Turkish <ex>prunes</ex>; California <ex>prunes</ex>.</as></def>

<cs><col>German prune</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a large dark purple plum, of oval shape, often one-sided. It is much used for preserving, either dried or in sirup.</cd> <col>Prune tree</col></mcol>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A tree of the genus <spn>Prunus</spn> (<spn>P. domestica</spn>), which produces prunes.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The West Indian tree, <spn>Prunus occidentalis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>South African prune</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the edible fruit of a sapindaceous tree (<spn>Pappea Capensis</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Prunella</h1>
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<hw>Pru*nel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., perhaps from G. <ets>br\'91une</ets> quinsy, croup.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Angina, or angina pectoris.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Thrush.</def>

<cs><col>Prunella salt</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>niter fused and cast into little balls.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prunella, Prunello</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pru*nel"la</hw>, <hw>Pru*nel"lo</hw>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>prunelle</ets>, probably so called from its color resembling that of prunes. See <er>Prune</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <def>A smooth woolen stuff, generally black, used for making shoes; a kind of lasting; -- formerly used also for clergymen's gowns.</def>

<h1>Prunelle</h1>
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<hw>Pru*nelle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., dim. of <ets>prune</ets>. See <er>Prune</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <def>A kind of small and very acid French plum; -- applied especially to the stoned and dried fruit.</def>

<h1>Prunello</h1>
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<hw>Pru*nel"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>prunelle</ets>, dim. of <ets>prune</ets>. See <er>Prune</er> a plum.]</ety> <def>A species of dried plum; prunelle.</def>

<h1>Pruner</h1>
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<hw>Prun"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who prunes, or removes, what is superfluous.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of beetles whose larv\'91 gnaw the branches of trees so as to cause them to fall, especially the American oak pruner (<spn>Asemum m\'d2stum</spn>), whose larva eats the pith of oak branches, and when mature gnaws a circular furrow on the inside nearly to the bark. When the branches fall each contains a pupa.</def>

<h1>Pruniferous</h1>
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<hw>Pru*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>prunum</ets> a plum + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing plums.</def>

<h1>Pruning</h1>
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<hw>Prun"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of trimming, or removing what is superfluous.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>That which is cast off by bird in pruning her feathers; leavings.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Pruning hook</col>, &or; <col>Pruning knife</col></mcol>, <cd>cutting instrument used in pruning trees, etc.</cd> -- <col>Pruning shears</col>, <cd>shears for pruning trees, vines, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prunus</h1>
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<hw>Pru"nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a plum tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees with perigynous rosaceous flowers, and a single two-ovuled carpel which usually becomes a drupe in ripening.</def>

<note>&hand; Originally, this genus was limited to the plums, then, by Linn\'91us, was made to include the cherries and the apricot. Later botanists separated these into several genera, as <spn>Prunus</spn>, <spn>Cerasus</spn>, and <spn>Armeniaca</spn>, but now, by Bentham and Hooker, the plums, cherries, cherry laurels, peach, almond, and nectarine are all placed in <spn>Prunus</spn>.</note>

<h1>Prurience, Pruriency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pru"ri*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pru"ri*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being prurient.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>pruriency</b> of curious ears.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is a <b>prurience</b> in the speech of some.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Prurient</h1>
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<hw>Pru"ri*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pruries</ets>, -<ets>entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>prurire</ets> to itch. Cf. <er>Freeze</er>.]</ety> <def>Uneasy with desire; itching; especially, having a lascivious curiosity or propensity; lustful.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pru"ri*ent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>The eye of the vain and <b>prurient</b> is darting from object to object of illicit attraction.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pruriginous</h1>
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<hw>Pru*rig"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pruriginosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>prurigineux</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Tending to, or caused by, prurigo; affected by, or of the nature of, prurigo.</def>

<h1>Prurigo</h1>
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<hw>Pru*ri"go</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., an itching, the itch, fr. <ets>prurire</ets> to itch.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A papular disease of the skin, of which intense itching is the chief symptom, the eruption scarcely differing from the healthy cuticle in color.</def>

<h1>Pruritus</h1>
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<hw>Pru*ri"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Itching.</def>

<h1>Prussian</h1>
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<hw>Prus"sian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Prussia</ets>, the country: cf. F. <ets>prussien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Prussia.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Prussia.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Prussian blue</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several complex double cyanides of ferrous and ferric iron; specifically, a dark blue amorphous substance having a coppery luster, obtained by adding a solution of potassium ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate of potash) to a ferric salt. It is used in dyeing, in ink, etc. Called also <altname>Williamson's blue</altname>, <altname>insoluble Prussian blue</altname>, <altname>Berlin blue</altname>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Prussian carp</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Gibel</er>.</cd> -- <col>Prussian green</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>Same as <altname>Berlin green</altname>, under <er>Berlin</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prussiate</h1>
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<hw>Prus"si*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>prussiate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of prussic acid; a cyanide.</def>

<cs><col>Red prussiate of potash</col>. <cd>See <cref>Potassium ferricyanide</cref>, under <er>Ferricyanide</er>.</cd> <col>Yellow prussiate of potash</col>. <cd>See <cref>Potassium ferrocyanide</cref>, under <er>Ferrocyanide</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Prussic</h1>
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<hw>Prus"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>prussique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>designating the acid now called hydrocyanic acid, but formerly called <i>prussic acid</i>, because Prussian blue is derived from it or its compounds. See <er>Hydrocyanic</er>.</def>

<h1>Prutenic</h1>
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<hw>Pru*ten"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Prussian; -- applied to certain astronomical tables published in the sixteenth century, founded on the principles of Copernicus, a Prussian.</def>

<h1>Pry</h1>
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<hw>Pry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>prize</ets> a lever. See <er>Prize</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <def>A lever; also, leverage.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S. & Eng.]</mark>

<cs><col>Pry pole</col>, <cd>the pole which forms the prop of a hoisting gin, and stands facing the windlass.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pry</h1>
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<hw>Pry</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pried</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Prying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To raise or move, or attempt to raise or move, with a pry or lever; to prize.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S. & Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Pry</h1>
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<hw>Pry</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>prien</ets>. Cf. <er>Peer</er> to peep.]</ety> <def>To peep narrowly; to gaze; to inspect closely; to attempt to discover something by a scrutinizing curiosity; -- often implying reproach.</def> " To <i>pry</i> upon the stars."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Watch thou and wake when others be asleep,
To <b>pry</b> into the secrets of the state.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pry</h1>
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<hw>Pry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Curious inspection; impertinent peeping.</def>

<h1>Pryan</h1>
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<hw>Pry"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>See <er>Prian</er>.</def>

<h1>Prying</h1>
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<hw>Pry"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inspecting closely or impertinently.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Inquisitive; curious. See <er>Inquisitive</er>.</syn>

<h1>Pryingly</h1>
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<hw>Pry"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a prying manner.</def>

<h1>Prytaneum</h1>
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<hw>Pryt`a*ne"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ prytanis.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A public building in certain Greek cities; especially, a public hall in Athens regarded as the home of the community, in which official hospitality was extended to distinguished citizens and strangers.</def>

<h1>Prytanis</h1>
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<hw>Pryt"a*nis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Prytanes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A member of one of the ten sections into which the Athenian senate of five hundred was divided, and to each of which belonged the presidency of the senate for about one tenth of the year.</def>

<h1>Prytany</h1>
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<hw>Pryt"a*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The period during which the presidency of the senate belonged to the prytanes of the section.</def>

<h1>Prythee</h1>
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<hw>Pryth"ee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>See <er>Prithee</er>.</def>

<h1>Psalm</h1>
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<hw>Psalm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>psalm</ets>, <ets>salm</ets>, AS. <ets>sealm</ets>, L. <ets>psalmus</ets>, <ets>psalma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ to pull, twitch, to play upon a stringed instrument, to sing to the harp: cf. OF. <ets>psalme</ets>, <ets>salme</ets>, F. <ets>psaume</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sacred song; a poetical composition for use in the praise or worship of God.</def>

<blockquote>Humus devout and holy <b>psalms</b>
Singing everlastingly.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Especially, one of the hymns by David and others, collected into one book of the Old Testament, or a modern metrical version of such a hymn for public worship.</def>

<h1>Psalm</h1>
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<hw>Psalm</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To extol in psalms; to sing; <as>as, <ex>psalming</ex> his praises</as>.</def>

<i>Sylvester.</i>

<h1>Psalmist</h1>
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<hw>Psalm"ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>psalmista</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>psalmiste</ets>. See <er>Psalm</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A writer or composer of sacred songs; -- a title particularly applied to David and the other authors of the Scriptural psalms.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A clerk, precentor, singer, or leader of music, in the church.</def>

<h1>Psalmistry</h1>
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<hw>Psalm"ist*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The use of psalms in devotion; psalmody.</def>

<h1>Psalmodic, Psalmodical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Psal*mod"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Psal*mod"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>psalmodique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to psalmody.</def>

<h1>Psalmodist</h1>
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<hw>Psal"mo*dist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who sings sacred songs; a psalmist.</def>

<h1>Psalmodize</h1>
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<hw>Psal"mo*dize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To practice psalmody.</def> " The <i>psalmodizing</i> art."

<i>J. G. Cooper.</i>

<h1>Psalmody</h1>
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<hw>Psal"mo*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ psalm + <?/ a song, an ode: cf. F. <ets>psalmodie</ets>, LL. <ets>psalmodia</ets>. See <er>Psalm</er>, and <er>Ode</er>.]</ety> <def>The act, practice, or art of singing psalms or sacred songs; also, psalms collectively, or a collection of psalms.</def>

<h1>Psalmograph</h1>
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<hw>Psal"mo*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Psalmographer</er>.]</ety> <def>A writer of psalms; a psalmographer.</def>

<h1>Psalmographer, Psalmographist</h1>
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<hw><hw>Psal*mog"ra*pher</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Psal*mog"ra*phist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>psalmographus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ a psalm + <?/ to write.]</ety> <def>A writer of psalms, or sacred songs and hymns.</def>

<h1>Psalmography</h1>
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<hw>Psal*mog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>psalmographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or practice of writing psalms, or sacred songs.</def>

<h1>Psalter</h1>
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<hw>Psal"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>psauter</ets>, <ets>sauter</ets>, OF. <ets>sautier</ets>, <ets>psaltier</ets>, F. <ets>psautier</ets>, from L. <ets>psalterium</ets>. See <er>Psaltery</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The Book of Psalms; -- often applied to a book containing the Psalms separately printed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, the Book of Psalms as printed in the Book of Common Prayer; among the Roman Catholics, the part of the Breviary which contains the Psalms arranged for each day of the week.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A rosary, consisting of a hundred and fifty beads, corresponding to the number of the psalms.</def>

<h1>Psalterial</h1>
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<hw>Psal*te"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the psalterium.</def>

<h1>Psalterium</h1>
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<hw>Psal*te"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Psalteria</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a psaltery.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The third stomach of ruminants. See <er>Manyplies</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The lyra of the brain.</def>

<h1>Psaltery</h1>
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<hw>Psal"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Psalteries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>sautrie</ets>, OF. <ets>psalterie</ets>, F. <ets>psalt\'82rion</ets>, L. <ets>psalterium</ets> psaltery, psalter, from Gr. <?/, fr. <?/. See <er>Psalm</er>, <er>Psalter</er>.]</ety> <def>A stringed instrument of music used by the Hebrews, the form of which is not known.</def>

<blockquote>Praise the Lord with harp; sing unto him with the <b>psaltery</b> and an instrument of ten strings.
<i>Ps. xxxiii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Psammite</h1>
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<hw>Psam"mite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ sandy, from <?/ sand: cf. F. <ets>psammite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A species of micaceous sandstone.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Psam*mit"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Psarolite</h1>
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<hw>Psar"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ speckled + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A silicified stem of tree fern, found in abundance in the Triassic sandstone.</def>

<h1>Psellism</h1>
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<hw>Psel"lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to stammer.]</ety> <def>Indistinct pronunciation; stammering.</def>

<h1>Psephism</h1>
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<hw>Pse"phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a decree, fr. <?/ to vote with a pebble, fr. <?/ pebble.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A proposition adopted by a majority of votes; especially, one adopted by vote of the Athenian people; a statute.</def>

<i>J. P. Mahaffy.</i>

<h1>Pseud\'91sthesia</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`d\'91s*the"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pseudo-</er>, and <er>\'92sthesia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>False or imaginary feeling or sense perception such as occurs in hypochondriasis, or such as is referred to an organ that has been removed, as an amputated foot.</def><-- a phenom also called phantom limbs -->

<h1>Pseudembryo</h1>
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<hw>Pseu*dem"bry*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>embryo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A false embryo.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An asexual form from which the true embryo is produced by budding.</def>

<h1>Pseudepigraphic, Pseudepigraphic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pseu*dep`i*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pseu*dep`i*graph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to pseudepigraphy.</def>

<h1>Pseudepigraphous</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`de*pig"ra*phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ falsely inscribed. See <er>Pseudo-</er>, and <er>Epigraphy</er>.]</ety> <def>Inscribed with a false name.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Pseudepigraphy</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`de*pig"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The ascription of false names of authors to works.</def>

<h1>Pseudh\'91mal</h1>
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<hw>Pseud*h\'91"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>h\'91mal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the vascular system of annelids.</def>

<cs><col>Pseudh\'91mal fluid</col>, <cd>the circulatory fluid, or blood, of annelids, analogous to the blood of vertebrates. It is often red, but is sometimes green or colorless.</cd> -- <col>Pseudh\'91mal vessels</col>, <cd>the blood vessels of annelids.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pseudo-</h1>
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<hw>Pseu"do-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ lying, false, akin to <?/ to belie; cf. <?/ lying, <?/ a lie.]</ety> <def>A combining form or prefix signifying <i>false</i>, <i>counterfeit</i>, <i>pretended</i>, <i>spurious</i>; <as>as, <ex>pseudo</ex>-apostle, a false apostle; <ex>pseudo</ex>-clergy, false or spurious clergy; <ex>pseudo</ex>-episcopacy, <ex>pseudo</ex>-form, <ex>pseudo</ex>-martyr, <ex>pseudo</ex>-philosopher</as>. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Pseudobacteria</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*bac*te"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>bacteria</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Microscopic organic particles, molecular granules, powdered inorganic substances, etc., which in form, size, and grouping resemble bacteria.</def>

<note>The globules which divide and develop in form of chains are organized beings; when this does not occur, we are dealing with <i>pseudobacteria</i>.
<i>Sternberg.</i>
</note>

<hr>
<page="1157">
Page 1157<p>

<h1>Pseudoblepsis</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*blep"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.<?/ false + <?/ sight.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>False or depraved sight; imaginary vision of objects.</def>

<i>Forsyth.</i>

<h1>Pseudobranch</h1>
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<hw>Pseu"do*branch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pseudobranchia</er>.</def>

<h1>Pseudobranchia</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*bran"chi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pseudobranchi\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Pseudo-</er>, and <er>Branchia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A rudimentary branchia, or gill.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pseu`do*bran"chi*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pseudo-bulb</h1>
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<hw>Pseu"do-bulb`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>bulb</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An a\'89rial corm, or thickened stem, as of some epiphytic orchidaceous plants.</def>

<h1>Pseudocarp</h1>
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<hw>Pseu"do*carp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>That portion of an anthocarpous fruit which is not derived from the ovary, as the soft part of a strawberry or of a fig.</def>

<h1>Pseudo-china</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do-chi"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>china</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The false china root, a plant of the genus <spn>Smilax</spn> (<spn>S. Pseudo-china</spn>), found in America.</def>

<h1>Pseudoc\'d2le</h1>
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<hw>Pseu"do*c\'d2le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Pseudoc\'d2lia</er>.</def>

<h1>Pseudoc\'d2lia</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*c\'d2"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ false + <?/ hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The fifth ventricle in the mammalian brain. See <er>Ventricle</er>.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Pseudo-cone</h1>
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<hw>Pseu"do-cone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>cone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the soft gelatinous cones found in the compound eyes of certain insects, taking the place of the crystalline cones of others.</def>

<h1>Pseudo-cumene</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do-cu"mene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>cumene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series, metameric with mesitylene and cumene, found in coal tar, and obtained as a colorless liquid.</def>

<h1>Pseudo-dipteral</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do-dip"ter*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>dipteral</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pseudodipt\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Falsely or imperfectly dipteral, as a temple with the inner range of columns surrounding the cella omitted, so that the space between the cella wall and the columns is very great, being equal to two intercolumns and one column.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A pseudo-dipteral temple.</def></def2>

<h1>Pseudodox</h1>
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<hw>Pseu"do*dox</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ false + <?/ an opinion.]</ety> <def>Not true in opinion or doctrine; false.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A false opinion or doctrine.</def> "To maintain the atheistical <i>pseudodox</i> which judgeth evil good, and darkness light."

<i>T. Adams.</i>
</def2>

<h1>Pseudofilaria</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*fi*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pseudofilari<?/</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Pseudo-</er>, and <er>Filaria</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the two elongated vibratile young formed by fission of the embryo during the development of certain Gregarin\'91.</def>

<h1>Pseudo-galena</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do-ga*le"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>galena</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>False galena, or blende. See <er>Blende</er> <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Pseudograph</h1>
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<hw>Pseu"do*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pseudography</er>.]</ety> <def>A false writing; a spurious document; a forgery.</def>

<h1>Pseudography</h1>
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<hw>Pseu*dog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ false + <?/ to write.]</ety> <def>False writing; forgery.</def>

<h1>Pseudohalter</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*hal"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pseudohalteres</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Pseudo-</er>, and <er>Halteres</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the rudimentary front wings of certain insects (<spn>Stylops</spn>). They resemble the halteres, or rudimentary hind wings, of Diptera.</def>

<h1>Pseudo-heart</h1>
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<hw>Pseu"do-heart`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>heart</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any contractile vessel of invertebrates which is not of the nature of a real heart, especially one of those pertaining to the excretory system.</def>

<h1>Pseudo-hyperthophic</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do-hy`per*thoph"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>hypertrophic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Falsely hypertrophic; <as>as, <ex>pseudo-hypertrophic</ex> paralysis, a variety of paralysis in which the muscles are apparently enlarged, but are really degenerated and replaced by fat</as>.</def>

<h1>Pseudologist</h1>
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<hw>Pseu*dol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>One who utters falsehoods; a liar.</def>

<h1>Pseudology</h1>
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<hw>Pseu*dol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ false + <?/ speech: cf. F. <ets>pseudologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Falsehood of speech.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Pseudo-metallic</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do-me*tal"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>metallic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Falsely or imperfectly metallic; -- said of a kind of luster, as in minerals.</def>

<h1>Pseudo-monocotyledonous</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do-mon`o*cot`y*led"on*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>monocotyledonous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two coalescent cotyledons, as the live oak and the horse-chestnut.</def>

<h1>Pseudomorph</h1>
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<hw>Pseu"do*morph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pseudomorphous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An irregular or deceptive form.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A pseudomorphous crystal, as a crystal consisting of quartz, but having the cubic form of fluor spar, the fluor crystal having been changed to quartz by a process of substitution.</def>

<h1>Pseudomorphism</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*mor"phism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The state of having, or the property of taking, a crystalline form unlike that which belongs to the species.</def>

<h1>Pseudomorphous</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ false + <?/ form: cf. F. <ets>pseudomorphe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not having the true form.</def>

<cs><col>Pseudomorphous crystal</col>, <cd>one which has a form that does not result from its own powers of crystallization.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pseudonavicella</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*nav`i*cel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pseudonavicull\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pseudonavicula</er>.</def>

<h1>Pseudonavicula</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*na*vic"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pseudonavicul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ false + NL. <ets>navicula</ets>, a genus of diatoms. See <er>Navicular</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the minute spindle-shaped embryos of Gregarin\'91 and some other Protozoa.</def>

<h1>Pseudoneuroptera</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*neu*rop"te*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pseudo-</er>, and <er>Neuroptera</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>division of insects <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> reticulated wings, as in the Neuroptera, but having an active pupa state. It includes the dragon flies, May flies, white ants, etc. By some zo\'94logists they are classed with the Orthoptera; by others, with the Neuroptera.</def>

<h1>Pseudoneuropterous</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*neu*rop"ter*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pseudoneuroptera.</def>

<h1>Pseudonym</h1>
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<hw>Pseu"do*nym</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pseudonyme</ets>. See <er>Pseudonymous</er>.]</ety> <def>A fictitious name assumed for the time, as by an author; a pen name.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pseudonyme</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pseudonumity</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*num"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The using of fictitious names, as by authors.</def>

<h1>Pseudonymous</h1>
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<hw>Pseu*don"y*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ false + <?/, <?/, a name: cf. F. <ets>pseudonyme</ets>. See <er>Pseudo-</er>, and <er>Name</er>.]</ety> <def>Bearing a false or fictitious name; <as>as, a <ex>pseudonymous</ex> work</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pseu*don"y*mous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pseu*don"y*mous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pseuso-peripteral</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`so-pe*rip"ter*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>peripteral</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pseudop\'82ript\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Falsely or imperfectly peripteral, as a temple having the columns at the sides attached to the walls, and an ambulatory only at the ends or only at one end.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A pseudo-peripteral temple.</def>

<i>Oxf. Gloss.</i>
</def2>

<h1>Pseudopod</h1>
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<hw>Pseu"do*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>-pod</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Any protoplasmic filament or irregular process projecting from any unicellular organism, or from any animal or plant call.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rhizopod.</def>

<h1>Pseudopodial</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*po"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a pseudopod, or to pseudopodia. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Heliozoa</er>.</def>

<h1>Pseudopodium</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*po"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pseudopodia</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Pseudopod</er>.</def>

<h1>Pseudopupa</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*pu"pa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Pseudopup\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Pseudopupas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Pseudo-</er>, and <er>Pupa</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A stage intermediate between the larva and pupa of bees and certain other hymenopterous insects.</def>

<h1>Pseudorhabdite</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*rhab"dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a rod.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the peculiar rodlike corpuscles found in the integument of certain Turbellaria. They are filled with a soft granular substance.</def>

<h1>Pseudo-romantic</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do-ro*man"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety><ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>romantic</ets>.]</etydef>Falsely romantic.</def>

<blockquote>The false taste, the <b>pseudo-romantic</b> rage.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pseudoscope</h1>
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<hw>Pseu"do*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>An instrument which exhibits objects with their proper relief reversed; -- an effect opposite to that produced by the stereoscope.</def>

<i>Wheatstone.</i>

<h1>Pseudoscopic</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or formed by, a pseudoscope; having its parts appearing with the relief reversed; <as>as, a <ex>pseudoscopic</ex> image</as>.</def>

<h1>Pseudoscorpiones</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*scor`pi*o"nes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pseudo-</er>, and <er>Scorpion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Arachnoidea having the palpi terminated by large claws, as in the scorpions, but destitute of a caudal sting; the false scorpions. Called also <spn>Pseudoscorpii</spn>, and <spn>Pseudoscorpionina</spn>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <cref>Book scorpion</cref>, under Book.</def>

<h1>Pseudosphere</h1>
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<hw>Pseu"do*sphere`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>sphere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The surface of constant negative curvature generated by the revolution of a tractrix. This surface corresponds in non-Euclidian space to the sphere in ordinary space. An important property of the surface is that any figure drawn upon it can be displaced in any way without tearing it or altering in size any of its elements.</def>

<h1>Pseudospore</h1>
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<hw>Pseu"do*spore`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>  <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld><def>A peculiar reproductive cell found in some fungi.</def>

<h1>Pseudostella</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*stel"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-l\'91</plw></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ false + L. <ets>stella</ets> star.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Any starlike meteor or phenomenon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pseudostoma</h1>
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<hw>Pseu*dos"to*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pseudostomata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Pseudo-</er>, and <er>Stoma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A group of cells resembling a stoma, but without any true aperture among them.</def>

<h1>Pseudo-symmetric</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do-sym*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Exhibiting pseudo-symmetry.</def>

<h1>Pseudo-symmetry</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do-sym"me*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>symmetry</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A kind of symmetry characteristic of certain crystals which from twinning, or other causes, come to resemble forms of a system other than that to which they belong, as the apparently hexagonal prisms of aragonite.</def>

<h1>Pseudotetramera</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*te*tram"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pseudo-</er>, and <er>Tetramerous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of beetles having the fifth tarsal joint minute and obscure, so that there appear to be but four joints.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pseu`do*te*tram"er*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pseudotinea</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*tin"e*a</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pseudotine\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Pseudo-</er>, and <er>Tinea</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bee moth, or wax moth (<spn>Galleria</spn>).</def>

<h1>Pseudoturbinal</h1>
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<hw>Pseu`do*tur"bi*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>turbinal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Turbinal</er>.</def>

<h1>Pseudovary</h1>
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<hw>Pseu*do"va*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pseudovaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[<ets>Pseudo-</ets> + <ets>ovary</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The organ in which pseudova are produced; -- called also <altname>pseudovarium</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pseudovum</h1>
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<hw>Pseu*do"vum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pseudova</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Pseudo-</er>, and <er>Ovum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An egglike germ produced by the agamic females of some insects and other animals, and by the larv\'91 of certain insects. It is capable of development without fertilization. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>P\'91dogenesis</er>.</def>

<h1>Pshaw</h1>
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<hw>Pshaw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[Of imitative origin.]</ety> <def>Pish! pooch! -- an exclamation used as an expression of contempt, disdain, dislike, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>psha</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pshaw</h1>
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<hw>Pshaw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To express disgust or contemptuous disapprobation, as by the exclamation " <i>Pshaw</i>!"</def>

<blockquote>The goodman used regularly to frown and <b>pshaw</b> wherever this topic was touched upon.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Psilanthropic</h1>
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<hw>Psi`lan*throp"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[see <er>Psilanthropist</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or embodying, psilanthropy. "A <i>psilanthropic</i> explanation."</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Psilanthropism</h1>
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<hw>Psi*lan"thro*pism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Psilanthropy.</def>

<h1>Psilanthropist</h1>
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<hw>Psi*lan"thro*pist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bare, mere + <?/ a man.]</ety> <def>One who believes that Christ was a mere man.</def>

<i>Smart.</i>

<h1>Psilanthropy</h1>
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<hw>Psi*lan"thro*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine of the merely human existence of Christ.</def>

<h1>Psilology</h1>
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<hw>Psi*lol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr <?/ mere + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Love of empty of empty talk or noise.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Psilomelane</h1>
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<hw>Psi*lom"e*lane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bare + <?/, <?/, black.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous oxide of manganese, occurring in smooth, botryoidal forms, and massive, and having an iron-black or steel-gray color.</def>

<h1>Psilop\'91des</h1>
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<hw>Psi`lo*p\'91"des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr.<?/ bare + <?/, <?/, offspring.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>birds whose young at first have down on the pteryl\'91 only; -- called also <altname>Gymnop\'91des</altname>.</def>

<h1>Psilop\'91dic</h1>
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<hw>Psi`lo*p\'91d"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having down upon the pteryl\'91 only; -- said of the young of certain birds.</def>

<h1>Psilosopher</h1>
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<hw>Psi*los"o*pher</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bare, mere + <?/ wise.]</ety> <def>A superficial or narrow pretender to philosophy; a sham philosopher.</def>

<h1>Psittaceous, Psittacid</h1>
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<hw><hw>Psit*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Psit"ta*cid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>psittacus</ets> a parrot, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>psittacide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the parrots, or the Psittaci.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Psittaci.</def></def2>

<h1>Psittaci</h1>
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<hw>Psit"ta*ci</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The order of birds which comprises the parrots.</def>

<h1>Psitta-co-fulvine</h1>
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<hw>Psit`ta-co-ful"*vine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a parrot + L. <ets>fulvus</ets> yellow.]</ety> <def>A yellow pigment found in the feathers of certain parrots.</def>

<h1>Psoas</h1>
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<hw>Pso"as</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a muscle of the loin: cf. f. <ets>psoas</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An internal muscle arising from the lumbar vertebr\'91 and inserted into the femur. In man there are usually two on each side, and the larger one, or great psoas, forms a part of the iliopsoas.</def>

<h1>Psora</h1>
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<hw>Pso"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cutaneous disease; especially, the itch.</def>

<h1>Psoriasis</h1>
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<hw>Pso*ri"a*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ psora.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The state of being affected with psora.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A cutaneous disease, characterized by imbricated silvery scales, affecting only the superficial layers of the skin.</def>

<h1>Psoric</h1>
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<hw>Pso"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>psoricus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>psorique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to psora.</def>

<h1>Psorosperm</h1>
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<hw>Pso"ro*sperm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ itching + <?/ seed.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A minute parasite, usually the young of Gregarin\'91, in the pseudonavicula stage.</def>

<h1>Psychagogic</h1>
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<hw>Psy`cha*gog"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Psychagogue</er>.]</ety> <def>Attractive; persuasive.</def>

<i>J. Morley.</i>

<h1>Psychagogue</h1>
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<hw>Psy"cha*gogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/; <?/ the soul + <?/ to lead.]</ety> <def>A necromancer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Psychal</h1>
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<hw>Psy"chal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Psychical</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the soul; psychical.</def>

<i>Bayne.</i>

<h1>Psyche</h1>
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<hw>Psy"che</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ Psyche, fr. <?/ the soul.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class Myth.)</fld> <def>A lovely maiden, daughter of a king and mistress of Eros, or Cupid. She is regarded as the personification of the soul.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The soul; the vital principle; the mind.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>psych\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cheval glass.</def>

<h1>Psychian</h1>
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<hw>Psy"chi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any small moth of the genus <spn>Psyche</spn> and allied genera (family <spn>Psychid\'91</spn>). The larv\'91 are called <i>basket worms</i>. See <cref>Basket worm</cref>, under <er>Basket</er>.</def>

<h1>Psychiatria, Psychiatry</h1>
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<hw><hw>Psy*chi`a*tri"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Psy*chi"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>psychiatria</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ the mind + <?/ healing.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The application of the healing art to mental diseases.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Psychiatric</h1>
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<hw>Psy`chi*at"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to psychiatria.</def>

<h1>Psychic, Psychical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Psy"chic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Psy"chic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>psychicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ the soul, mind; cf. <?/ to blow: cf. F. <ets>psychique</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the human soul, or to the living principle in man.</def>

<note>&hand; This term was formerly used to express the same idea as <i>psychological</i>. Recent metaphysicians, however, have employed it to mark the difference between <grk>psychh`</grk> the living principle in man, and <grk>pney^ma</grk> the rational or spiritual part of his nature. In this use, the word describes the human soul in its relation to sense, appetite, and the outer visible world, as distinguished from spiritual or rational faculties, which have to do with the supersensible world.
<i>Heyse.</i>
</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the mind, or its functions and diseases; mental; -- contrasted with <i>physical</i>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Psychical blindness</col>, <col>Psychical deafness</col></mcol> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>forms of nervous disease in which, while the senses of sight and hearing remain unimpaired, the mind fails to appreciate the significance of the sounds heard or the images seen.</cd> -- <col>Psychical contagion</col>, <cd>the transference of disease, especially of a functional nervous disease, by mere force of example.</cd> -- <col>Psychical medicine</col>, <cd>that department of medicine which treats of mental diseases.</cd></cs><-- psychiatry? -->

<h1>Psychics</h1>
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<hw>Psy"chics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Psychology.</def>

<h1>Psychism</h1>
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<hw>Psy"chism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>psychisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The doctrine of Quesne, that there is a fluid universally diffused, end equally animating all living beings, the difference in their actions being due to the difference of the individual organizations.</def>

<i>Fleming.</i>

<hr>
<page="1158">
Page 1158<p>

<h1>Psycho-</h1>
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<hw>Psy"cho-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form from Gr. <?/ <i>the soul</i>, <i>the mind</i>, <i>the understanding</i>; <as>as, <ex>psycho</ex>logy</as>.</def>

<h1>Psychogenesis</h1>
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<hw>Psy`cho*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Genesis through an internal force, as opposed to <i>natural selection</i>.</def>

<h1>Psychography</h1>
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<hw>Psy*chog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Psycho-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A description of the phenomena of mind.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Spiritualism)</fld> <def>Spirit writing.</def>

<h1>Psychologic, Psychological</h1>
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<hw><hw>Psy`cho*log"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Psy`cho*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>psychologique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to psychology. See Note under <er>Psychic</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Psy`cho*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Psychologist</h1>
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<hw>Psy*chol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>psychologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who is versed in, devoted to, psychology.</def>

<h1>Psychologue</h1>
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<hw>Psy"cho*logue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A psychologist.</def>

<h1>Psychology</h1>
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<hw>Psy*chol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <plu>pl. <plw>Psychologies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[<ets>Psycho-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>psychologie</ets>. See <er>Psychical</er>.]</ety> <def>The science of the human soul; specifically, the systematic or scientific knowledge of the powers and functions of the human soul, so far as they are known by consciousness; a treatise on the human soul.</def>

<blockquote><b>Psychology</b>, the science conversant about the phenomena of the mind, or conscious subject, or self.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Psychomachy</h1>
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<hw>Psy*chom"a*chy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>psychomachia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ the soul + <?/ fight: cf. <?/ desperate fighting.]</ety> <def>A conflict of the soul with the body.</def>

<h1>Psychomancy</h1>
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<hw>Psy"cho*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Psycho-</ets> + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>psychomancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Necromancy.</def>

<h1>Psychometry</h1>
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<hw>Psy*chom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Psycho-</ets> + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The art of measuring the duration of mental processes, or of determining the time relations of mental phenomena.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Psy`cho*met"ric</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Psycho-motor</h1>
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<hw>Psy`cho-mo"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Psycho-</ets> + <ets>motor</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to movement produced by action of the mind or will.</def>

<h1>Psychopannychism</h1>
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<hw>Psy"cho*pan"ny*chism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Psycho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to spend all night long; <?/, <?/, all + <?/ night.]</ety> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The doctrine that the soul falls asleep at death, and does not wake until the resurrection of the body.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Psy`cho*pan"ny*chism</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Psychopathy</h1>
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<hw>Psy*chop"a*thy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Psycho-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Mental disease. See <er>Psychosis</er>, 2.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Psy`cho*path"ic</wf>, <tt>a.</tt> -- <wf>Psy*chop"a*thist</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Psychophysical</h1>
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<hw>Psy`cho*phys"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to psychophysics; involving the action or mutual relations of the psychical and physical in man.</def>

<cs><col>Psychophysical time</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the time required for the mind to transform a sensory impression into a motor impulse. It is an important part of <i>physiological<i> or <i>reaction time<i>. See under <er>Reaction</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Psychophysics</h1>
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<hw>Psy`cho*phys"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Psycho-</ets> + <ets>physics</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of the connection between nerve action and consciousness; the science which treats of the relations of the psychical and physical in their conjoint operation in man; the doctrine of the relation of function or dependence between body and soul.</def>

<h1>Psychopomp</h1>
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<hw>Psy"cho*pomp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ the soul + <?/ to send: cf. F. <ets>psychopompe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A leader or guide of souls .</def>

<i>J. Fiske.</i>

<h1>Psychosis</h1>
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<hw>Psy*cho"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Psycho-</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Any vital action or activity.</def>

<i>Mivart.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease of the mind; especially, a functional mental disorder, that is, one unattended with evident organic changes.</def>

<h1>Psychozoic</h1>
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<hw>Psy`cho*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Psycho-</ets> + Gr. <?/ life.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld><def>Designating, or applied to the Era of man; <as>as, the <ex>psychozoic</ex> era</as>.</def>

<h1>Psychrometer</h1>
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<hw>Psy*chrom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>psychro`s</grk> cold + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>psychrom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring the tension of the aqueous vapor in the atmosphere, being essentially a wet and dry bulb hygrometer.</def>

<h1>Psychrometrical</h1>
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<hw>Psy`chro*met"ric*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the psychrometer or psychrometry.</def>

<h1>Psychrometry</h1>
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<hw>Psy*chrom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Hygrometry.</def>

<h1>Psylla</h1>
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<hw>Psyl"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Psyll\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a flea.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any leaping plant louse of the genus <spn>Psylla</spn>, or family <spn>Psyllid\'91</spn>.</def>

<h1>Ptarmigan</h1>
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<hw>Ptar"mi*gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>tarmachan</ets>; cf. Ir. <ets>tarmochan</ets>, <ets>tarmonach</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any grouse of the genus <spn>Lagopus</spn>, of which numerous species are known. The feet are completely feathered. Most of the species are brown in summer, but turn white, or nearly white, in winter.</def>

<note>&hand; They chiefly inhabit the northern countries and high mountains of Europe, Asia, and America. The common European species is <spn>Lagopus mutus</spn>. The Scotch grouse, red grouse, or moor fowl (<spn>L. Scoticus</spn>), is reddish brown, and does not turn white in winter. The white, or willow, ptarmigan (<spn>L. albus</spn>) is found in both Europe and America.</note>

<h1>Ptenoglossa</h1>
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<hw>Pte`no*glos"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.<?/ feathered + <?/ tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of gastropod mollusks having the teeth of the radula arranged in long transverse rows, somewhat like the barbs of a feather.</def>

<h1>Ptenoglossate</h1>
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<hw>Pte`no*glos"sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Ptenoglossa.</def>

<h1>Pteranodon</h1>
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<hw>Pte*ran"o*don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wing + <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of American Cretaceous pterodactyls destitute of teeth. Several species are known, some of which had an expanse of wings of twenty feet or more.</def>

<h1>Pteranodontia</h1>
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<hw>Pte*ran`o*don"ti*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A group of pterodactyls destitute of teeth, as in the genus <spn>Pteranodon</spn>.</def>

<h1>Pterichthys</h1>
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<hw>Pte*rich"thys</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ wing + <?/ fish.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of Devonian fossil fishes with winglike appendages. The head and most of the body were covered with large bony plates. See <er>Placodermi</er>.</def>

<h1>Pteridologist</h1>
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<hw>Pter`i*dol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is versed in pteridology.</def>

<h1>Pteridology</h1>
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<hw>Pter`i*dol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a fern + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That department of botany which treats of ferns.</def>

<h1>Pteridomania</h1>
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<hw>Pter`i*do*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a fern + E. <ets>mania</ets>.]</ety> <def>A madness, craze, or strong fancy, for ferns.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Pteridophyta</h1>
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<hw>Pter`i*doph"y*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, <?/, a fern + <?/ a plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A class of flowerless plants, embracing ferns, horsetails, club mosses, quillworts, and other like plants. See the Note under <er>Cryptogamia</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pter"i*do*phyte`</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<note>&hand; This is a modern term, devised to replace the older ones <i>acrogens</i> and <i>vascular Cryptogamia</i>.</note>

<h1>Pterobranchia</h1>
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<hw>Pter`o*bran"chi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a wing + <?/ <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of marine Bryozoa, having a bilobed lophophore and an axial cord. The genus Rhabdopleura is the type.  Called also <altname><spn>Podostomata</spn></altname>. See <er>Rhabdopleura</er>.</def>

<h1>Pteroceras</h1>
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<hw>Pte*roc"e*ras</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a wing + <?/ a horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of large marine gastropods having the outer border of the lip divided into lobes; -- called also <altname>scorpion shell</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pterocletes</h1>
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<hw>Pter`o*cle"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr <ets>Pterocles</ets>, the typical genus, fr. Gr. <?/ feather + <?/, <?/, a key, tongue of a clasp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of birds including the sand grouse. They are in some respects intermediate between the pigeons and true grouse.  Called also <altname>Pteroclomorph\'91</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pterodactyl</h1>
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<hw>Pter`o*dac"tyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a wing + <?/ finger, toe: cf. F. <ets>pt\'82rodactyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct flying reptile; one of the Pterosauria. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Pterodactyli</h1>
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<hw>Pter`o*dac"ty*li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pterosauria</er>.</def>

<h1>Pteroglossal</h1>
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<hw>Pter`o*glos"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a feather + <?/ tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the tongue finely notched along the sides, so as to have a featherlike appearance, as the toucans.</def>

<h1>Pteron</h1>
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<hw>Pte"ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a wing.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The region of the skull, in the temporal fossa back of the orbit, where the great wing of the sphenoid, the temporal, the parietal, and the frontal hones approach each other.</def>

<h1>Pteropappi</h1>
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<hw>Pter`o*pap"pi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a feather, a bird + <?/ a grandfather.]</ety> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Odontotorm\'91</er>.</def>

<h1>Pterophore</h1>
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<hw>Pter"o*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a feather + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any moth of the genus <spn>Pterophorus</spn> and allied genera; a plume moth. See <cref>Plume moth</cref>, under <er>Plume</er>.</def>

<h1>Pteropod</h1>
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<hw>Pter"o*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wing-footed; <?/ a feather, wing + <?/, <?/, foot: cf. F. <ets>pt\'82ropode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Pteropoda.</def>

<h1>Pteropoda</h1>
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<hw>Pte*rop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of Mollusca in which the anterior lobes of the foot are developed in the form of broad, thin, winglike organs, with which they swim at near the surface of the sea.</def>

<note>&hand; The Pteropoda are divided into two orders: <spn>Cymnosomata</spn>, which have the body entirely naked and the head distinct from the wings; and <spn>Thecosomata</spn>, which have a delicate transparent shell of various forms, and the head not distinct from the wings.</note>

<h1>Pteropodous</h1>
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<hw>Pte*rop"o*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pteropoda.</def>

<h1>Pterosaur</h1>
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<hw>Pter"o*saur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wind + <?/ a lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A pterodactyl.</def>

<h1>Pterosauria</h1>
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<hw>Pter`o*sau"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct order of flying reptiles of the Mesozoic age; the pterodactyls; -- called also <spn>Pterodactyli</spn>, and <spn>Ornithosauria</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; The wings were formed, like those of bats, by a leathery expansion of the skin, principally supported by the greatly enlarged outer or " little" fingers of the hands. The American Cretaceous pterodactyls had no teeth. See <er>Pteranodontia</er>, and <er>Pterodactyl</er>.</note>

<h1>Pterosaurian</h1>
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<hw>Pter`o*sau"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pterosauria.</def>

<h1>Pterostigma</h1>
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<hw>Pter`o*stig"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pterostigmata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ wing + <?/, <?/, a mark.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A thickened opaque spot on the wings of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Pterotic</h1>
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<hw>Pte*ro"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ wing + <?/, <?/, ear.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to, or designating, a bone between the pro\'94tic and epiotic in the dorsal and outer part of the periotic capsule of many fishes.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The pterotic bone.</def></def2>

<note>&hand; The <i>pterotic bone</i> is so called because fancied in some cases to resemble in form a bird's wing</note>

<h1>Pterygium</h1>
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<hw>Pte*ryg"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Pterygiums</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Pterygia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, properly a dim, akin to <?/ a feather.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A superficial growth of vascular tissue radiating in a fanlike manner from the cornea over the surface of the eye.</def>

<h1>Pterygoid</h1>
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<hw>Pter"y*goid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a wing + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Like a bird's wing in form; <as>as, a <ex>pterygoid</ex> bone</as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pterygoid bones, pterygoid processes, or the whole sphenoid bone.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A pterygoid bone.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Pterygoid bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a bone which corresponds to the inner plate of the pterygoid process of the human skull, but which, in all vertebrates below mammals, is not connected with the posterior nares, but serves to connect the palatine bones with the point of suspension of the lower jaw.</cd> -- <col>Pterygoid process</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a process projecting downward from either side of the sphenoid bone, in man divided into two plates, an inner and an outer. The posterior nares pass through the space, called the <i>pterygoid fossa<i>, between the processes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pterygomaxillary</h1>
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<hw>Pter`y*go*max"il*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pterygoid</ets> + <ets>maxillary</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the inner pterygoid plate, or pterygoid bone, and the lower jaw.</def>

<h1>Pterygopalatine</h1>
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<hw>Pter`y*go*pal"a*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pterygoid</ets> + <ets>palatine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the pterygoid processes and the palatine bones.</def>

<h1>Pterygopodium</h1>
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<hw>Pter`y*go*po"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pterygopodia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a fin + <?/, dim. of <?/, <?/, a foot.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A specially modified part of the ventral fin in male elasmobranchs, which serves as a copulatory organ, or clasper.</def>

<h1>Pterygoquadrate</h1>
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<hw>Pter`y*go*quad"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pterygoid</ets> + <ets>quadrate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or representing the pterygoid and quadrate bones or cartilages.</def>

<h1>Pteryla</h1>
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<hw>Pte*ry"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pteryl\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ feather + <?/ wood, forest.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the definite areas of the skin of a bird on which feathers grow; -- contrasted with <i>apteria</i>.</def>

<h1>Pterylography</h1>
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<hw>Pter`y*log"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pteryla</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The study or description of the arrangement of feathers, or of the pteryl\'91, of birds.</def>

<h1>Pterylosis</h1>
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<hw>Pter`y*lo"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. NL. & E. <ets>pteryla</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The arrangement of feathers in definite areas.</def>

<h1>Ptilocerque</h1>
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<hw>Ptil"o*cerque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a feather + <?/ tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>The pentail.</def>

<h1>Ptilop\'91des</h1>
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<hw>Ptil`o*p\'91"des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a feather + <?/, <?/, offspring.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Dasyp\'91des</er>.</def>

<h1>Ptilop\'91dic</h1>
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<hw>Ptil`o*p\'91d"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having nearly the whole surface of the skin covered with down; dasyp\'91dic; -- said of the young of certain birds.</def>

<h1>Ptilopteri</h1>
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<hw>Pti*lop"te*ri</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a downy feather + <?/ wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of birds including only the penguins.</def>

<h1>Ptilosis</h1>
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<hw>Pti*lo"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr <?/ a feather.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pterylosis</er>.</def>

<h1>Ptisan</h1>
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<hw>Ptis"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ptisana</ets> peeled barley, barley water, Gr. <?/, from <?/ to peel, husk; cf. F. <ets>ptisane</ets>, <ets>tisane</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A decoction of barley with other ingredients; a farinaceous drink.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An aqueous medicine, containing little, if any, medicinal agent; a tea or tisane.</def>

<h1>Ptolemaic</h1>
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<hw>Ptol`e*ma"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to <i>Ptolemy</i>, the geographer and astronomer.</def>

<cs><col>Ptolemaic system</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the system maintained by Ptolemy, who supposed the earth to be fixed in the center of the universe, with the sun and stars revolving around it. This theory was received for ages, until superseded by the Copernican system.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ptolemaist</h1>
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<hw>Ptol"e*ma`ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who accepts the astronomical system of Ptolemy.</def>

<h1>Ptomaine</h1>
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<hw>Pto"ma*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ a dead body.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a class of animal bases or alkaloids formed in the putrefaction of various kinds of albuminous matter, and closely related to the vegetable alkaloids; a cadaveric poison. The ptomaines, as a class, have their origin in dead matter, by which they are to be distinguished from the <i>leucomaines</i>.</def>

<h1>Ptosis</h1>
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<hw>Pto"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a falling.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Drooping of the upper eyelid, produced by paralysis of its levator muscle.</def>

<hr>
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Page 1159<p>

<h1>Ptyalin</h1>
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<hw>Pty"a*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ spittle. See <er>Ptyalism</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>An unorganized amylolytic ferment, on enzyme, present in human mixed saliva and in the saliva of some animals.</def>

<h1>Ptyalism</h1>
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<hw>Pty"a*lism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to spit much, fr. <?/ spittle, fr. <?/ to spit: cf. F. <ets>ptyalisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Salivation, or an excessive flow of saliva.</def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<h1>Ptyalogogue</h1>
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<hw>Pty*al"o*gogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ spittle + <?/ driving.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A ptysmagogue.</def>

<h1>Ptysmagogue</h1>
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<hw>Ptys"ma*gogue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ spittle + <?/ driving: cf. F. <ets>ptysmagogue</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine that promotes the discharge of saliva.</def>

<h1>Ptyxis</h1>
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<hw>Ptyx"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a folding.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The way in which a leaf is sometimes folded in the bud.</def>

<h1>Pubble</h1>
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<hw>Pub"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Perhaps fr. <ets>bubble</ets>.]</ety> <def>Puffed out, pursy; pudgy; fat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drant.</i>

<h1>Puberal</h1>
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<hw>Pu"ber*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>puber</ets>, <ets>pubes</ets>, grown up, adult.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to puberty.</def>

<h1>Puberty</h1>
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<hw>Pu"ber*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pubertas</ets>, fr. <ets>puber</ets>, <ets>pubes</ets>, adult: cf. F. <ets>pubert\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The earliest age at which persons are capable of begetting or bearing children, usually considered, in temperate climates, to be about fourteen years in males and twelve in females.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The period when a plant first bears flowers.</def>

<h1>Puberulent</h1>
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<hw>Pu*ber"u*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pubis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Very minutely downy.</def>

<h1>Pubes</h1>
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<hw>Pu"bes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the hair which appears on the body at puberty, from <ets>pubes</ets> adult.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The hair which appears upon the lower part of the hypogastric region at the age of puberty.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Hence (as more commonly used), the lower part of the hypogastric region; the pubic region.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The down of plants; a downy or villous substance which grows on plants; pubescence.</def>

<h1>Pubescence</h1>
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<hw>Pu*bes"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pubescence</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being pubescent, or of having arrived at puberty.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A covering of soft short hairs, or down, as one some plants and insects; also, the state of being so covered.</def>

<h1>Pubescency</h1>
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<hw>Pu*bes"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pubescence.</def>

<h1>Pubescent</h1>
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<hw>Pu*bes"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pubescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>pubescere</ets> to reach puberty, to grow hairy or mossy, fr. <ets>pubes</ets> pubes: cf. F. <ets>pubescent</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Arrived at puberty.</def>

<blockquote>That . . . the men (are) <b>pubescent</b> at the age of twice seven, is accounted a punctual truth.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Covered with pubescence, or fine short hairs, as certain insects, and the leaves of some plants.</def>

<h1>Pubic</h1>
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<hw>Pu"bic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the pubes; in the region of the pubes; <as>as, the <ex>pubic</ex> bone; the <ex>pubic</ex> region, or the lower part of the hypogastric region</as>. See <er>Pubes</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the pubis.</def>

<h1>Pubis</h1>
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<hw>Pu"bis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pubes</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The ventral and anterior of the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis; sharebone; pubic bone.</def>

<h1>Public</h1>
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<hw>Pub"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>publicus</ets>, <ets>poblicus</ets>, fr. <ets>populus</ets> people: cf. F. <ets>public</ets>. See <er>People</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the people; belonging to the people; relating to, or affecting, a nation, state, or community; -- opposed to <i>private</i>; <as>as, the <ex>public</ex> treasury</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To the <b>public</b> good
Private respects must yield.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He [Alexander Hamilton] touched the dead corpse of the <b>public</b> credit, and it sprung upon its feet.
<i>D. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Open to the knowledge or view of all; general; common; notorious; <as>as, <ex>public</ex> report; <ex>public</ex> scandal.</as></def>

<blockquote>Joseph, . . . not willing to make her a <b>public</b> example, was minded to put her away privily.
<i>Matt. i. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Open to common or general use; <as>as, a <ex>public</ex> road; a <ex>public</ex> house.</as></def> "The <i>public</i> street."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Public act</col> &or; <col>statute</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an act or statute affecting matters of public concern. Of such statutes the courts take judicial notice.</cd> -- <col>Public credit</col>. <cd>See under <er>Credit</er>.</cd> -- <col>Public funds</col>. <cd>See <er>Fund</er>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Public house</col>, <cd>an inn, or house of entertainment.</cd> -- <col>Public law</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>See <cref>International law</cref>, under <er>International</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A public act or statute.</cd> -- <col>Public nuisance</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Nuisance</er>.</cd> -- <col>Public orator</col>. <fld>(Eng. Universities)</fld> <cd>See <er>Orator</er>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Public stores</col>, <cd>military and naval stores, equipments, etc.</cd> -- <col>Public works</col>, <cd>all fixed works built by civil engineers for public use, as railways, docks, canals, etc.; but strictly, military and civil engineering works constructed at the public cost.</cd></cs>

<h1>Public</h1>
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<hw>Pub"lic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The general body of mankind, or of a nation, state, or community; the people, indefinitely; <as>as, the American <ex>public</ex></as>; also, a particular body or aggregation of people; <as>as, an author's <ex>public</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>public</b> is more disposed to censure than to praise.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A public house; an inn.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<cs><col>In public</col>, <cd>openly; before an audience or the people at large; not in private or secrecy. "We are to speak <i>in public<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Publican</h1>
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<hw>Pub"li*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>publicanus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>publicain</ets>. See <er>Public</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A farmer of the taxes and public revenues; hence, a collector of toll or tribute. The inferior officers of this class were often oppressive in their exactions, and were regarded with great detestation.</def>

<blockquote>As Jesus at meat . . . many <b>publicans</b> and sinners came and sat down with him and his disciples.
<i>Matt. 1x. 10.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How like a fawning <b>publican</b> he looks!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The keeper of an inn or public house; one licensed to retail beer, spirits, or wine.</def>

<h1>Publication</h1>
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<hw>Pub`li*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>publicatio</ets> confiscation: cf. F. <ets>publication</ets>. See <er>Publish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of publishing or making known; notification to the people at large, either by words, writing, or printing; proclamation; divulgation; promulgation; <as>as, the <ex>publication</ex> of the law at Mount Sinai; the <ex>publication</ex> of the gospel; the <ex>publication</ex> of statutes or edicts.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of offering a book, pamphlet, engraving, etc., to the public by sale or by gratuitous distribution.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>publication</b> of these papers was not owing to our folly, but that of others.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is published or made known; especially, any book, pamphlet, etc., offered for sale or to public notice; <as>as, a daily or monthly <ex>publication</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An act done in public.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His jealousy . . . attends the business, the recreations, the <b>publications</b>, and retirements of every man.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Publication of a libel</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>such an exhibition of a libel as brings it to the notice of at least one person other than the person libeled.</cd> -- <col>Publication of a will</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the delivery of a will, as his own, by a testator to witnesses who attest it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Public-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Pub"lic-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Public-spirited.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Publicist</h1>
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<hw>Pub"li*cist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>publiciste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A writer on the laws of nature and nations; one who is versed in the science of public right, the principles of government, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The Whig leaders, however, were much more desirous to get rid of Episcopacy than to prove themselves consummate <b>publicists</b> and logicians.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<-- 2. One who publicizes, esp. a press agent. -->

<h1>Publicity</h1>
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<hw>Pub*lic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>publicit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being public, or open to the knowledge of a community; notoriety; publicness.</def>

<h1>Publicly</h1>
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<hw>Pub"lic*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With exposure to popular view or notice; without concealment; openly; <as>as, property <ex>publicly</ex> offered for sale; an opinion <ex>publicly</ex> avowed; a declaration <ex>publicly</ex> made.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the name of the community.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Public-minded</h1>
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<hw>Pub"lic-mind`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Public-spirited. -- <wordforms><wf>Pub"lic-mind`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Publicness</h1>
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<hw>Pub"lic*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being public, or open to the view or notice of people at large; publicity; notoriety; <as>as, the <ex>publicness</ex> of a sale</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality or state of belonging to the community; <as>as, the <ex>publicness</ex> of property</as>.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Public-spirited</h1>
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<hw>Pub"lic-spir`it*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having, or exercising, a disposition to advance the interest of the community or public; <as>as, <ex>public-spirited</ex> men</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dictated by a regard to public good; <as>as, a <ex>public-spirited</ex> project or measure</as>.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pub"lic-spir`it*ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pub"lic-spir`it*ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Publish</h1>
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<hw>Pub"lish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Published</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Publishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>publier</ets>, L. <ets>publicare</ets>, <ets>publicatum</ets>. See <er>Public</er>, and <er>-ish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make public; to make known to mankind, or to people in general; to divulge, as a private transaction; to promulgate or proclaim, as a law or an edict.</def>

<blockquote><b>Published</b> was the bounty of her name.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The unwearied sun, from day to day,
Does his Creator's power display,
And <b>publishes</b> to every land
The work of an almighty hand.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make known by posting, or by reading in a church; <as>as, to <ex>publish</ex> banns of marriage</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To send forth, as a book, newspaper, musical piece, or other printed work, either for sale or for general distribution; to print, and issue from the press.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To utter, or put into circulation; <as>as, to <ex>publish</ex> counterfeit paper</as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>To publish a will</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to acknowledge it before the witnesses as the testator's last will and testament.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To announce; proclaim; advertise; declare; promulgate; disclose; divulge; reveal. See <er>Announce</er>.</syn>

<h1>Publishable</h1>
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<hw>Pub"lish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being published; suitable for publication.</def>

<h1>Publisher</h1>
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<hw>Pub"lish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who publishes; <as>as, a <ex>publisher</ex> of a book or magazine</as>.</def>

<blockquote>For love of you, not hate unto my friend,
Hath made me <b>publisher</b> of this pretense.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Publishment</h1>
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<hw>Pub"lish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of making publicly known; publication.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A public notice of intended marriage, required by the laws of some States.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Puccoon</h1>
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<hw>Puc*coon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the American Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any one of several plants yielding a red pigment which is used by the North American Indians, as the bloodroot and two species of <spn>Lithospermum</spn> (<spn>L. hirtum</spn>, and <spn>L. canescens</spn>); also, the pigment itself.</def>

<h1>Puce</h1>
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<hw>Puce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>puce</ets> a flea, L. <ets>pulex</ets>, <ets>pulicis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of a dark brown or brownish purple color.</def><-- MW10: dark red -->

<h1>Pucel</h1>
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<hw>Pu"cel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pucelle</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pucelage</h1>
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<hw>Pu"cel*age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Virginity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pucelle</h1>
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<hw>Pu*celle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. LL. <ets>pulicella</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pullus</ets> a young animal. See <er>Pullet</er>.]</ety> <def>A maid; a virgin.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pucel</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Lady or <b>pucelle</b>, that wears mask or fan.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>La Pucelle</col>, <cd>the Maid of Orleans, Joan of Arc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Puceron</h1>
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<hw>Pu"ce*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from <ets>puce</ets> a flea. See <er>Puce</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any plant louse, or aphis.</def>

<h1>Pucherite</h1>
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<hw>Pu"cher*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So named from the <ets>Pucher</ets> Mine, in Saxony.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Vanadate of bismuth, occurring in minute reddish brown crystals.</def>

<h1>Puck</h1>
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<hw>Puck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pouke</ets>; cf. OSw. <ets>puke</ets>, Icel. <ets>p&umac;ki</ets> an evil demon, W. <ets>pwca</ets> a hobgoblin. Cf. <er>Poker</er> a bugbear, <er>Pug</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Medi\'91val Myth.)</fld> <def>A celebrated fairy, "the merry wanderer of the night;" -- called also <altname>Robin Goodfellow</altname>, <altname>Friar Rush</altname>, <altname>Pug</altname>, etc.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He meeteth <b>Puck</b>, whom most men call
Hobgoblin, and on him doth fall.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The goatsucker.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Puckball</h1>
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<hw>Puck"ball`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Puck</ets> + <ets>ball</ets>.]</ety> <def>A puffball.</def>

<h1>Pucker</h1>
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<hw>Puck"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Puckered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Puckering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Poke</er> a pocket, small bag.]</ety> <def>To gather into small folds or wrinkles; to contract into ridges and furrows; to corrugate; -- often with <i>up</i>; <as>as, to <ex>pucker</ex> up the mouth</as>.</def> "His skin [was] <i>puckered</i> up in wrinkles."

<i>Spectator.</i>

<h1>Pucker</h1>
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<hw>Puck"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fold; a wrinkle; a collection of folds.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of perplexity or anxiety; confusion; bother; agitation.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Puckerer</h1>
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<hw>Puck"er*er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, puckers.</def>

<h1>Puckery</h1>
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<hw>Puck"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Producing, or tending to produce, a pucker; <as>as, a <ex>puckery</ex> taste</as>.</def>

<i>Lowell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inclined to become puckered or wrinkled; full of puckers or wrinkles.</def>

<h1>Puckfist</h1>
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<hw>Puck"fist`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A puffball.</def>

<h1>Puckish</h1>
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<hw>Puck"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Puck</er>.]</ety> <def>Resembling Puck; merry; mischievous.</def> "<i>Puckish</i> freaks."

<i>J. R. Green.</i>

<h1>Pucras</h1>
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<hw>Pu"cras</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From a native name in India.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Koklass</er>.</def>

<h1>Pud</h1>
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<hw>Pud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Pood</er>.</def>

<h1>Pud</h1>
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<hw>Pud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The hand; the first.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Puddening</h1>
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<hw>Pud"den*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Probably fr. <ets>pudden</ets>, for <ets>pudding</ets>, in allusion to its softness.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A quantity of rope-yarn, or the like, placed, as a fender, on the bow of a boat.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A bunch of soft material to prevent chafing between spars, or the like.</def>

<h1>Pudder</h1>
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<hw>Pud"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Puddered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Puddering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Pother</er>.]</ety> <def>To make a tumult or bustle; to splash; to make a pother or fuss; to potter; to meddle.</def>

<blockquote><b>Puddering</b> in the designs or doings of others.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Others <b>pudder</b> into their food with their broad nebs.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pudder</h1>
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<hw>Pud"der</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To perplex; to embarrass; to confuse; to bother; <as>as, to <ex>pudder</ex> a man</as>.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Pudder</h1>
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<hw>Pud"der</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pother; a tumult; a confused noise; turmoil; bustle.</def> "All in a <i>pudder</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Pudding</h1>
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<hw>Pud"ding</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>boudin</ets> black pudding, sausage, L. <ets>botulus</ets>, <ets>botellus</ets>, a sausage, G. & Sw. <ets>pudding</ets> pudding, Dan. <ets>podding</ets>, <ets>pudding</ets>, LG. <ets>puddig</ets> thick, stumpy, W. <ets>poten</ets>, <ets>potten</ets>, also E. <ets>pod</ets>, <ets>pout</ets>, v.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A species of food of a soft or moderately hard consistence, variously made, but often a compound of flour or meal, with milk and eggs, etc.</def>

<blockquote>And solid <b>pudding</b> against empty praise.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything resembling, or of the softness and consistency of, pudding.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An intestine; especially, an intestine stuffed with meat, etc.; a sausage.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any food or victuals.</def>

<blockquote>Eat your <b>pudding</b>, slave, and hold your tongue.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Puddening</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Pudding grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the true pennyroyal (<spn>Mentha Pulegium</spn>), formerly used to flavor stuffing for roast meat. <i>Dr. Prior</i>.</cd> -- <col>Pudding pie</col>, <cd>a pudding with meat baked in it. <i>Taylor (1630)</i>.</cd> -- <col>Pudding pipe</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the long, cylindrical pod of the leguminous tree <spn>Cassia Fistula</spn>. The seeds are separately imbedded in a sweetish pulp. See <er>Cassia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pudding sleeve</col>, <cd>a full sleeve like that of the English clerical gown. <i>Swift</i>.</cd> -- <col>Pudding stone</col>.  <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Conglomerate</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Pudding time</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The time of dinner, pudding being formerly the dish first eaten</cd>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Johnson</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The nick of time; critical time. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote>Mars, that still protects the stout,
In <b>pudding time</b> came to his aid.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pudding-headed</h1>
<Xpage=1159>

<hw>Pud"ding-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Stupid.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Puddle</h1>
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<hw>Pud"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>podel</ets>; cf. LG. <ets>pudel</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>plod</ets> pool.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small quantity of dirty standing water; a muddy plash; a small pool.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Clay, or a mixture of clay and sand, kneaded or worked, when wet, to render it impervious to water.</def>

<cs><col>Puddle poet</col>, <cd>a low or worthless poet. <mark>[R.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Puddle</h1>
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<hw>Pud"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Puddled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Puddling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make foul or muddy; to pollute with dirt; to mix dirt with (water).</def>

<blockquote>Some unhatched practice . . .
Hath <b>puddled</b> his clear spirit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To make dense or close, as clay or loam, by working when wet, so as to render impervious to water.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To make impervious to liquids by means of puddle; to apply puddle to.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To subject to the process of puddling, as iron, so as to convert it from the condition of cast iron to that of wrought iron.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<cs><col>Puddled steel</col>, <cd>steel made directly from cast iron by a modification of the puddling process.</cd></cs>

<h1>Puddle</h1>
<Xpage=1159>

<hw>Pud"dle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a dirty stir.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. Junius.</i>

<h1>Puddle-ball</h1>
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<hw>Pud"dle-ball`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The lump of pasty wrought iron as taken from the puddling furnace to be hammered or rolled.</def>

<h1>Puddle-bar</h1>
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<hw>Pud"dle-bar"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An iron bar made at a single heat from a puddle-ball hammering and rolling.</def>

<h1>Puddler</h1>
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<hw>Pud"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who converts cast iron into wrought iron by the process of puddling.</def>

<h1>Puddling</h1>
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<hw>Pud"dling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Hydraul. Engin.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The process of working clay, loam, pulverized ore, etc., with water, to render it compact, or impervious to liquids; also, the process of rendering anything impervious to liquids by means of puddled material.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Puddle. See <er>Puddle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The art or process of converting cast iron into wrought iron or steel by subjecting it to intense heat and frequent stirring in a reverberatory furnace in the presence of oxidizing substances, by which it is freed from a portion of its carbon and other impurities.</def>

<cs><col>Puddling furnace</col>, <cd>a reverberatory furnace in which cast iron is converted into wrought iron or into steel by puddling.</cd></cs>

<h1>Puddly</h1>
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<hw>Pud"dly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of, or resembling, puddles; muddy; foul.</def> "Thick <i>puddly</i> water."

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Puddock</h1>
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<hw>Pud"dock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>paddock</ets>, or <ets>parrock</ets>, a park.]</ety> <def>A small inclosure.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>purrock</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Pudency</h1>
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<hw>Pu"den*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pudens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>pudere</ets> to be ashamed.]</ety> <def>Modesty; shamefacedness.</def> "A <i>pudency</i> so rosy."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pudenda</h1>
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<hw>Pu*den"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., from <ets>pudendus</ets> that of which one ought to be ashamed, fr. <ets>pudere</ets> to be ashamed.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The external organs of generation.</def>

<h1>Pudendal</h1>
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<hw>Pu*den"dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the pudenda, or pudendum.</def>

<h1>Pudendum</h1>
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<hw>Pu*den"dum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pudenda</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The external organs of generation, especially of the female; the vulva.</def>

<hr>
<page="1160">
Page 1160<p>

<h1>Pudgy</h1>
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<hw>Pudg"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Short and fat or sturdy; dumpy; podgy; <as>as, a short, <ex>pudgy</ex> little man; a <ex>pudgy</ex> little hand.</as></def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Pudic</h1>
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<hw>Pu"dic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>pudicus</ets> modest, fr. <ets>pudere</ets> to be ashamed: cf. F. <ets>pudique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the external organs of generation.</def>

<h1>Pudical</h1>
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<hw>Pu"dic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pudic.</def>

<h1>Pudicity</h1>
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<hw>Pu*dic"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pudicit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>pudicitia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Modesty; chastity.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Pudu</h1>
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<hw>Pu"du</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very small deer (<spn>Pudua humilis</spn>), native of the Chilian Andes. It has simple spikelike antlers, only two or three inches long.</def>

<h1>Pue</h1>
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<hw>Pue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Puing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a low whistling sound; to chirp, as birds.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Pueblo</h1>
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<hw>Pueb"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., a village, L. <ets>populus</ets> people. See <er>People</er>.]</ety> <def>A communistic building erected by certain Indian tribes of Arizona and New Mexico. It is often of large size and several stories high, and is usually built either of stone or adobe. The term is also applied to any Indian village in the same region.</def>

<cs><col>Pueblo Indians</col> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>, <cd>any tribe or community of Indians living in pueblos. The principal Pueblo tribes are the Moqui, the Zu\'a4i, the Keran, and the Tewan.</cd></cs>

<h1>Puefellow</h1>
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<hw>Pue"fel`low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pewfellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Puer</h1>
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<hw>Pu"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>The dung of dogs, used as an alkaline steep in tanning.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Puerco</h1>
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<hw>Pu*er"co</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A hog.</def>

<cs><col>Puerco beds</col><cd> (<i>Geol<i>.), a name given to certain strata belonging to the earliest Eocene. They are developed in Northwestern New Mexico, along the Rio Puerco, and are characterized by their mammalian remains.</cd></cs>

<h1>Puerile</h1>
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<hw>Pu"er*ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>puerilis</ets>, fr. <ets>puer</ets> a child, a boy: cf. F. <ets>pu\'82ril</ets>.]</ety> <def>Boyish; childish; trifling; silly.</def>

<blockquote>The French have been notorious through generations for their <b>puerile</b> affectation of Roman forms, models, and historic precedents.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Youthful; boyish; juvenile; childish; trifling; weak. See <er>Youthful</er>.</syn>

<h1>Puerilely</h1>
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<hw>Pu"er*ile*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a puerile manner; childishly.</def>

<h1>Puerileness</h1>
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<hw>Pu"er*ile*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being puerile; puerility.</def>

<h1>Puerility</h1>
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<hw>Pu`er*il"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Puerilities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>puerilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pu\'82rilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being puerile; childishness; puerileness.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is puerile or childish; especially, an expression which is flat, insipid, or silly.</def>

<h1>Puerperal</h1>
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<hw>Pu*er"per*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>puerpera</ets> a lying-in woman; <ets>puer</ets> child + <ets>parere</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>puerp\'82ral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to childbirth; <as>as, a <ex>puerperal</ex> fever</as>.</def>

<h1>Puerperous</h1>
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<hw>Pu*er"per*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bearing children.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Puet</h1>
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<hw>Pu"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pewit.</def>

<h1>Puff</h1>
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<hw>Puff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to G. & Sw. <ets>puff</ets> a blow, Dan. <ets>puf</ets>, D. <ets>pof</ets>; of imitative origin. Cf. <er>Buffet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden and single emission of breath from the mouth; hence, any sudden or short blast of wind; a slight gust; a whiff.</def> " To every <i>puff</i> of wind a slave."

<i>Flatman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything light and filled with air. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> A puffball. <sd>(b)</sd> kind of light pastry. <sd>(c)</sd> A utensil of the toilet for dusting the skin or hair with powder.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An exaggerated or empty expression of praise, especially one in a public journal.</def>

<cs><col>Puff adder</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any South African viper belonging to <i>Clotho</i> and allied genera. They are exceedingly venomous, and have the power of greatly distending their bodies when irritated. The common puff adder (<spn>Vipera, &or; Clotho, arietans</spn>) is the largest species, becoming over four feet long. The plumed puff adder (<spn>C. cornuta</spn>) has a plumelike appendage over each eye.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A North American harmless snake (<spn>Heterodon platyrrhinos</spn>) which has the power of puffing up its body. Called also <altname>hog-nose snake</altname>, <altname>flathead</altname>, <altname>spreading adder</altname>, and <altname>blowing adder</altname>.</cd> <col>Puff bird</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any bird of the genus <spn>Bucco</spn>, or family <spn>Bucconid\'91</spn>. They are small birds, usually with dull-colored and loose plumage, and have twelve tail feathers. See <er>Barbet</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Puff</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puff</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Puffed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Puffing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to G. <ets>puffen</ets> to pop, buffet, puff, D. <ets>poffen</ets> to pop, <ets>puffen</ets> to blow, Sw. <ets>puffa</ets> to push, to cuff, Dan. <ets>puffe</ets> to pop, thump. See <er>Puff</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To blow in puffs, or with short and sudden whiffs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To blow, as an expression of scorn; -- with <i>at</i>.</def>

<blockquote>It is really to defy Heaven to <b>puff</b> at damnation.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To breathe quick and hard, or with puffs, as after violent exertion.</def>

<blockquote>The ass comes back again, <b>puffing</b> and blowing, from the chase.
<i>L' Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To swell with air; to be dilated or inflated.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To breathe in a swelling, inflated, or pompous manner; hence, to assume importance.</def>

<blockquote>Then came brave Glory <b>puffing</b> by.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Puff</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puff</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To drive with a puff, or with puffs.</def>

<blockquote>The clearing north will <b>puff</b> the clouds away.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To repel with words; to blow at contemptuously.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>puff</b> the prostitute away.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to swell or dilate; to inflate; to ruffle with puffs; -- often with <i>up</i>; as a bladder <i>puffed</i> with air.</def>

<blockquote>The sea <b>puffed</b> up with winds.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To inflate with pride, flattery, self-esteem, or the like; -- often with <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Puffed</b> up with military success.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. )</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To praise with exaggeration; to flatter; to call public attention to by praises; to praise unduly.</def> " Puffed with wonderful skill."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Puff</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puff</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Puffed up; vain.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fanshawe.</i>

<h1>Puffball</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puff"ball`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of ball-shaped fungus (<spn>Lycoperdon giganteum</spn>, and other species of the same genus) full of dustlike spores when ripe; -- called also <altname>bullfist</altname>, <altname>bullfice</altname>, <altname>puckfist</altname>, <altname>puff</altname>, and <altname>puffin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Puffer</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puff"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who puffs; one who praises with noisy or extravagant commendation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is employed by the owner or seller of goods sold at suction to bid up the price; a by-bidder.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def> Any plectognath fish which inflates its body, as the species of <spn>Tetrodon</spn> and <spn>Diodon</spn>; -- called also <altname>blower</altname>, <altname>puff-fish</altname>, <altname>swellfish</altname>, and <altname>globefish</altname>.</def><-- (of the Tetraodontidae) They are highly poisonous due to the presence of glands containing a potent toxin, tetrodotoxin.  Nevertheless they are eaten as a delicacy in Japan, being prepared by specially licensed chefs who remove the poison glands. --> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The common, or harbor, porpoise.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld> <def>A kier.</def>

<h1>Puffery</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puff"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of puffing; bestowment of extravagant commendation.</def>

<h1>Puffin</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puf"fin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to <ets>puff</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An arctic sea bird <spn>Fratercula arctica</spn>) allied to the auks, and having a short, thick, swollen beak, whence the name; -- called also <altname>bottle nose</altname>, <altname>cockandy</altname>, <altname>coulterneb</altname>, <altname>marrot</altname>, <altname>mormon</altname>, <altname>pope</altname>, and <altname>sea parrot</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also applied to other related species, as the horned puffin (<spn>F. corniculata</spn>), the tufted puffin (<spn>Lunda cirrhata</spn>), and the razorbill.</note>

<cs><col>Manx puffin</col>, <cd>the Manx shearwater. See under <er>Manx</er>.</cd></cs>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The puffball.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sort of apple.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rider's Dict. (1640).</i>

<h1>Puffiness</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puff"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being puffy.</def>

<h1>Puffing</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puff"ing</hw>, <def><tt>a. & n.</tt> from <er>Puff</er>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Puffing adder</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Puff adder</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Puff</er>.</cd> -- <col>Puffing pig</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common porpoise.</cd></cs>

<h1>Puffingly</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puff"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a puffing manner; with vehement breathing or shortness of breath; with exaggerated praise.</def>

<h1>Puff-leg</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puff"-leg`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of beautiful humming birds of the genus <spn>Eriocnemis</spn> having large tufts of downy feathers on the legs.</def>

<h1>Puff-legged</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puff"-legged`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a conspicuous tuft of feathers on the legs.</def>

<h1>Puffy</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puff"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Swelled with air, or any soft matter; tumid with a soft substance; bloated; fleshy; <as>as, a <ex>puffy</ex> tumor</as>.</def> " A very stout, <i>puffy</i> man."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, inflated; bombastic; <as>as, a <ex>puffy</ex> style</as>.</def>

<h1>Pug</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pug</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pugged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pugging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>pucken</ets> to thump. beat.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To mix and stir when wet, as clay for bricks, pottery, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fill or stop with clay by tamping; to fill in or spread with mortar, as a floor or partition, for the purpose of deadening sound. See <er>Pugging</er>, <er>2</er>.</def>

<h1>Pug</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pug</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tempered clay; clay moistened and worked so as to be plastic.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pug mill.</def>

<cs><col>Pug mill</col>, <cd>a kind of mill for grinding and mixing clay, either for brickmaking or the fine arts; a clay mill. It consists essentially of an upright shaft armed with projecting knives, which is caused to revolve in a hollow cylinder, tub, or vat, in which the clay is placed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pug</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pug</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>puck</ets>. See <er>Puck</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An elf, or a hobgoblin; also same as <er>Puck</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A name for a monkey.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A name for a fox.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An intimate; a crony; a dear one.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Lyly.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Chaff; the refuse of grain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A prostitute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a small breed of pet dogs having a short nose and head; a pug dog.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any geometrid moth of the genus <spn>Eupithecia</spn>.</def>

<h1>Pug-faced</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pug"-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a face like a monkey or a pug; monkey-faced.</def>

<h1>Pugger</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pug"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pucker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Puggered</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pug"gered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Puckered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Pugging</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pug"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pug</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of working and tempering clay to make it plastic and of uniform consistency, as for bricks, for pottery, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Mortar or the like, laid between the joists under the boards of a floor, or within a partition, to deaden sound; -- in the United States usually called <altname>deafening</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pugging</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pug"ging</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Thieving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pugh</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pugh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>Pshaw! pish! -- a word used in contempt or disdain.</def>

<h1>Pugil</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pu"gil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pugillus</ets>, <ets>pugillum</ets>, a handful, akin to <ets>pugnus</ets> the fist.]</ety> <def>As much as is taken up between the thumb and two first fingers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Pugilism</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pu"gil*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pugil</ets> a pugilist, boxer, akin to <ets>pugnus</ets> the fist. Cf. <er>Pugnacious</er>, <er>Fist</er>.]</ety> <def>The practice of boxing, or fighting with the fist.</def>

<h1>Pugilist</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pu"gil*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pugil</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who fights with his fists; esp., a professional prize fighter; a boxer.</def>

<h1>Pugilistic</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pu`gil*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to pugillism.</def>

<h1>Pugnacious</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pug*na"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pugnax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, fr. <ets>pugnare</ets> to fight. Cf. <er>Pugilism</er>, <er>Fist</er>.]</ety> <def>Disposed to fight; inclined to fighting; quarrelsome; fighting.</def> --<wordforms><wf>Pug*na"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pug*na"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pugnacity</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pug*nac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pugnacitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pugnacit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Inclination or readiness to fight; quarrelsomeness.</def> " A national <i>pugnacity</i> of character."

<i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Pug nose</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pug" nose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A short, thick nose; a snubnose.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Pug"-nosed`</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Pug-nose eel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a deep-water marine eel (<spn>Simenchelys parasiticus</spn>) which sometimes burrows into the flesh of the halibut.</cd></cs>

<h1>Puh</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <def>The same as <er>Pugh</er>.</def>

<h1>Puisne</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puis"ne</hw> <tt>(p&umac;"n&ycr;)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Puny</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Later in age, time, etc.; subsequent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " A <i>puisne</i> date to eternity."

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Puny; petty; unskilled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Younger or inferior in rank; junior; associate; <as>as, a chief justice and three <ex>puisne</ex> justices of the Court of Common Pleas; the <ex>puisne</ex> barons of the Court of Exchequer.</as></def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Puisne</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puis"ne</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is younger, or of inferior rank; a junior; esp., a judge of inferior rank.</def>

<blockquote>It were not a work for <b>puisnes</b> and novices.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Puisny</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puis"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Puisne; younger; inferior; petty; unskilled.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>puisny</b> tilter, that spurs his horse but on one side.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Puissance</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pu"is*sance</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr.<ets>puissant</ets>. See <er>Puissant</er>, and cf. <er>Potency</er>, <er>Potance</er>, <er>Potence</er>.]</ety> <def>Power; strength; might; force; potency.</def> " Youths of <i>puissance</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>The power and <b>puissance</b> of the king.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In Spenser, Shakespeare, and Milton, <i>puissance</i> and <i>puissant</i> are usually dissyllables.</note>

<h1>Puissant</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pu"is*sant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., originally, a p. pr. formed fr. L. <ets>posse</ets> to be able: cf. L. <ets>potens</ets> powerful. See <er>Potent</er>.]</ety> <def>Powerful; strong; mighty; forcible; <as>as, a <ex>puissant</ex> prince or empire</as>.</def> " <i>Puissant</i> deeds."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Of <b>puissant</b> nations which the world possessed.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And worldlings in it are less merciful,
And more <b>puissant</b>.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Puissantly</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pu"is*sant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a puissant manner; powerfully; with great strength.</def>

<h1>Puissantness</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pu"is*sant*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being puissant; puissance; power.</def>

<h1>Puit</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>puits</ets>, from L. <ets>puteus</ets> well.]</ety> <def>A well; a small stream; a fountain; a spring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>puits</b> flowing from the fountain of life.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Puke</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Puked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Puking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>spucken</ets> to spit, and E. <ets>spew</ets>.]</ety> <def>To eject the contests of the stomach; to vomit; to spew.</def>

<blockquote>The infant
Mewling and <b>puking</b> in the nurse's arms.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Puke</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puke</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To eject from the stomach; to vomit up.</def>

<h1>Puke</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puke</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine that causes vomiting; an emetic; a vomit.</def>

<h1>Puke</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puke</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Of a color supposed to be between black and russet.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<note>&hand; This color has by some been regarded as the same with <i>puce</i>; but Nares questions the identity.</note>

<h1>Puker</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Puk"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who pukes, vomits.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which causes vomiting.</def>

<i>Garth .</i>

<h1>Pulas</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pu"las</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>pal\'be&cced;a</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The East Indian leguminous tree <spn>Butea frondosa</spn>. See <cref>Gum Butea</cref>, under <er>Gum</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pales</asp> and <asp>palasa</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pulchritude</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pul"chri*tude</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pulchritudo</ets>, fr. <ets>pulcher</ets> beautiful.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That quality of appearance which pleases the eye; beauty; comeliness; grace; loveliness.</def>

<blockquote>Piercing our heartes with thy <b>pulchritude</b>.
<i>Court of Love.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attractive moral excellence; moral beauty.</def>

<blockquote>By the <b>pulchritude</b> of their souls make up what is wanting in the beauty of their bodies.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pule</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Puled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Puling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>piauler</ets>; cf. L. <ets>pipilare</ets>, <ets>pipire</ets>, to peep, pip, chirp, and E. <ets>peep</ets> to chirp.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cry like a chicken.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To whimper; to whine, as a complaining child.</def>

<blockquote>It becometh not such a gallant to whine and <b>pule</b>.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Puler</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pul"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pules; one who whines or complains; a weak person.</def>

<h1>Pulex</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pu"lex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a flea.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of parasitic insects including the fleas. See <er>Flea</er>.</def>

<h1>Pulicene</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pu"li*cene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>pulex</ets>, <ets>pulicis</ets>, a flea.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or abounding in, fleas; pulicose.</def>

<h1>Pulicose, Pulicous</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw><hw>Pu"li*cose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pu"li*cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pulicosus</ets>, from <ets>pulex</ets>, a flea.]</ety> <def>Abounding with fleas.</def>

<h1>Puling</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pul"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cry, as of a chicken,; a whining or whimpering.</def>

<blockquote>Leave this faint <b>puling</b> and lament as I do.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Puling</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pul"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Whimpering; whining; childish.</def>

<h1>Pulingly</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pul"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With whining or complaint.</def>

<h1>Pulkha</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pulk"ha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Laplander's traveling sledge. See <er>Sledge</er>.</def>

<h1>Pull</h1>
<Xpage=1160>

<hw>Pull</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pulled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pulling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>pullian</ets>; cf. LG. <ets>pulen</ets>, and Gael. <ets>peall</ets>, <ets>piol</ets>, <ets>spiol</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw, or attempt to draw, toward one; to draw forcibly.</def>

<blockquote>Ne'er <b>pull</b> your hat upon your brows.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He put forth his hand . . . and <b>pulled</b> her in.
<i>Gen. viii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw apart; to tear; to rend.</def>

<blockquote>He hath turned aside my ways, and <b>pulled</b> me in pieces; he hath made me desolate.
<i>Lam. iii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To gather with the hand, or by drawing toward one; to pluck; <as>as, to <ex>pull</ex> fruit; to <ex>pull</ex> flax; to <ex>pull</ex> a finch.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To move or operate by the motion of drawing towards one; <as>as, to <ex>pull</ex> a bell; to <ex>pull</ex> an oar.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Horse Racing)</fld> <def>To hold back, and so prevent from winning; <as>as, the favorite was <ex>pulled</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To take or make, as a proof or impression; -- hand presses being worked by pulling a lever.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>To strike the ball in a particular manner. See <er>Pull</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 8.</def>

<blockquote>Never <b>pull</b> a straight fast ball to leg.
<i>R. H. Lyttelton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To pull and haul</col>, <cd>to draw hither and thither. " Both are equally <i>pulled and hauled<i> to do that which they are unable to do. " <i>South</i>.</cd> -- <col>To pull down</col>, <cd>to demolish; to destroy; to degrade; <as>as, <ex>to pull down</ex> a house</as>.</cd> " In political affairs, as well as mechanical, it is easier <i>to pull down</i> than build up." <i>Howell</i>. " To raise the wretched, and <i>pull down</i> the proud." <i>Roscommon</i>. <col>To pull a finch</col>. <cd>See under <er>Finch</er>.</cd> <col>To pull off</col>, <cd>take or draw off.</cd><-- (b) to perform (something illegal or unethical); as, to pull off a heist [robbery]. (c) to accomplish, against the odds.--></cs>

<hr>
<page="1161">
Page 1161<p>

<h1>Pull</h1>
<Xpage=1161>

<hw>Pull</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To exert one's self in an act or motion of drawing or hauling; to tug; <as>as, to <ex>pull</ex> at a rope</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To pull apart</col>, <cd>to become separated by pulling; <as>as, a rope will <ex>pull apart<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>To pull up</col>, <cd>to draw the reins; to stop; to halt.</cd> <col>To pull through</col>, <cd>to come successfully to the end of a difficult undertaking, a dangerous sickness, or the like.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pull</h1>
<Xpage=1161>

<hw>Pull</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of pulling or drawing with force; an effort to move something by drawing toward one.</def>

<blockquote>I awakened with a violent <b>pull</b> upon the ring which was fastened at the top of my box.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A contest; a struggle; <as>as, a wrestling <ex>pull</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Carew.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A pluck; loss or violence suffered.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Two <b>pulls</b> at once;
His lady banished, and a limb lopped off.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A knob, handle, or lever, etc., by which anything is pulled; <as>as, a drawer <ex>pull</ex>; a bell <ex>pull</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The act of rowing; <as>as, a <ex>pull</ex> on the river</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The act of drinking; <as>as, to take a <ex>pull</ex> at the beer, or the mug</as>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Something in one's favor in a comparison or a contest; an advantage; means of influencing; <as>as, in weights the favorite had the <ex>pull</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>A kind of stroke by which a leg ball is sent to the off side, or an off ball to the side.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>pull</b> is not a legitimate stroke, but bad cricket.
<i>R. A. Proctor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pullail</h1>
<Xpage=1161>

<hw>Pul"lail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>poulaille</ets>.]</ety> <def>Poultry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Pullback</h1>
<Xpage=1161>

<hw>Pull"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which holds back, or causes to recede; a drawback; a hindrance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch)</fld> <def>The iron hook fixed to a casement to pull it shut, or to hold it party open at a fixed point.</def>

<h1>Pulled</h1>
<Xpage=1161>

<hw>Pulled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Plucked; pilled; moulting.</def> " A <i>pulled</i> hen."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pullen</h1>
<Xpage=1161>

<hw>Pul"len</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>pullinus</ets> belonging to young animals. See <er>Pullet</er>.]</ety> <def>Poultry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Puller</h1>
<Xpage=1161>

<hw>Pull"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, pulls.</def>

<blockquote>Proud setter up and <b>puller</b> down of kings.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pullet</h1>
<Xpage=1161>

<hw>Pul"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>polete</ets>, OF. <ets>polete</ets>, F. <ets>poulette</ets>, dim. of <ets>poule</ets> a hen, fr. L. <ets>pullus</ets> a young animal, a young fowl. See <er>Foal</er>, and cf. <er>Poult</er>, <er>Poultry</er>, <er>Pool</er> stake.]</ety> <def>A young hen, or female of the domestic fowl.</def>

<cs><col>Pullet sperm</col>, <cd>the treadle of an egg. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pulley</h1>
<Xpage=1161>

<hw>Pul"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pulleys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>poulie</ets>, perhaps of Teutonic origin (cf. <er>Poll</er>, <ets>b</ets>. <ets>t</ets>.); but cf. OE. <ets>poleine</ets>, <ets>polive</ets>, pulley, LL. <ets>polanus</ets>, and F. <ets>poulain</ets>, properly, a colt, fr. L. <ets>pullus</ets> young animal, foal (cf. <er>Pullet</er>, <er>Foal</er>). For the change of sense, cf. F. <ets>poutre</ets> beam, originally, a filly, and E. <ets>easel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A wheel with a broad rim, or grooved rim, for transmitting power from, or imparting power to, the different parts of machinery, or for changing the direction of motion, by means of a belt, cord, rope, or chain.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>pulley</i>, as one of the mechanical powers, consists, in its simplest form, of a grooved wheel, called a <i>sheave</i>, turning within a movable frame or <i>block</i>, by means of a cord or rope attached at one end to a fixed point. The force, acting on the free end of the rope, is thus doubled, but can move the load through only half the space traversed by itself. The rope may also pass over a sheave in another block that is fixed. The end of the rope may be fastened to the movable block, instead of a fixed point, with an additional gain of power, and using either one or two sheaves in the fixed block. Other sheaves may be added, and the power multiplied accordingly. Such an apparatus is called by workmen a <i>block and tackle</i>, or a <i>fall and tackle</i>. See <er>Block</er>. A <i>single fixed pulley</i> gives no increase of power, but serves simply for changing the direction of motion.</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Band pulley</col>, &or; <col>Belt pulley</col></mcol>, <cd>a pulley with a broad face for transmitting power between revolving shafts by means of a belt, or for guiding a belt.</cd> -- <col>Cone pulley</col>. <cd>See <er>Cone pulley</er>.</cd> -- <col>Conical pulley</col>, <cd>one of a pair of belt pulleys, each in the shape of a truncated cone, for varying velocities.</cd> -- <col>Fast pulley</col>, <cd>a pulley firmly attached upon a shaft.</cd> -- <col>Loose pulley</col>, <cd>a pulley loose on a shaft, to interrupt the transmission of motion in machinery. See <cref>Fast and loose pulleys</cref>, under <er>Fast</er>.</cd> <col>Parting pulley</col>, <cd>a belt pulley made in semicircular halves, which can be bolted together, to facilitate application to, or removal from, a shaft.</cd> -- <col>Pulley block</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Block</er>, <tt>n.</tt> 6.</cd> -- <col>Pulley stile</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the upright of the window frame into which a pulley is fixed and along which the sash slides.</cd> <col>Split pulley</col>, <cd>a parting pulley.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pulley</h1>
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<hw>Pul"ley</hw>, <tt>b. t.</tt> <def>To raise or lift by means of a pulley.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Pullicate</h1>
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<hw>Pul"li*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of checked cotton or silk handkerchief.</def>

<h1>Pullman car</h1>
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<hw>Pull"man car`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Named after Mr. <ets>Pullman</ets>, who introduced them.]</ety> <def>A kind of sleeping car; also, a palace car; -- often shortened to <altname>Pullman</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pullulate</h1>
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<hw>Pul"lu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pullulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>pullulare</ets> to sprout, from <ets>pullulus</ets> a young animal, a sprout, dim. of <ets>pullus</ets>. See <er>pullet</er>.]</ety> <def>To germinate; to bud; to multiply abundantly.</def>

<i>Warburton.</i>

<h1>Pullulation</h1>
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<hw>Pul`lu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pullulation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A germinating, or budding.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Pullus</h1>
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<hw>Pul"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pulli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A chick; a young bird in the downy stage.</def>

<mhw><h1>Pulmobranchiata, n. pl. <ety>[NL.]</ety>, Pulmobranchiate</h1>
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<hw>Pul`mo*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety>, <hw>Pul`mo*bran"chi*ate</hw>. <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt></mhw> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pulmonibranchiata</er>, <er>-ate</er>.</def>

<h1>Pulmocutaneous</h1>
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<hw>Pul`mo*cu*ta"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pulmo</ets> a lung + E. <ets>cutaneous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the lungs and the akin; <as>as, the <ex>pulmocutaneous</ex> arteries of the frog</as>.</def>

<h1>Pulmogasteropoda</h1>
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<hw>Pul`mo*gas`te*rop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. & E. <ets>Gasteropoda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pulmonata</er>.</def>

<h1>Pulmograde</h1>
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<hw>Pul"mo*grade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pulmo</ets> a lung + <ets>gradi</ets> to walk.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Swimming by the expansion and contraction, or lunglike movement, of the body, or of the disk, as do the medus\'91.</def>

<h1>Pulmometer</h1>
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<hw>Pul*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pulmo</ets> a lung + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A spirometer.</def>

<h1>Pulmonarian</h1>
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<hw>Pul"mo*na"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any arachnid that breathes by lunglike organs, as the spiders and scorpions. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Pulmonary</h1>
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<hw>Pul"mo*na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pulmonarius</ets>, from <ets>pulmo</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>, a lung; of uncertain origin, perh. named from its lightness, and akin to E. <ets>float</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pulmonaire</ets>. Cf. <er>Pneumonia</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the lungs; affecting the lungs; pulmonic.</def>

<cs><col>Pulmonary artery</col>. <cd>See the Note under <er>Artery</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pulmonary</h1>
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<hw>Pul"mo*na*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pulmonaire</ets>. See <er>Pulmonary</er>, <tt>a.<tt> ]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Lungwort.</def>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Pulmonata</h1>
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<hw>Pul`mo*na"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>pulmo</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>, a lung.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive division, or sub-class, of hermaphrodite gastropods, in which the mantle cavity is modified into an air-breathing organ, as in Helix, or land snails, Limax, or garden slugs, and many pond snails, as Limn\'91a and Planorbis.</def>

<h1>Pulmonate</h1>
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<hw>Pul"mo*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having breathing organs that act as lungs.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to the Pulmonata.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Pulmonata.</def></def2>

<h1>Pulmonated</h1>
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<hw>Pul"mo*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>same as <er>Pulmonate</er> <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Pulmonibranchiata</h1>
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<hw>Pul`mo*ni*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>pulmo</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>, a lung + Gr. <?/ a gill.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pulmonata</er>.</def>

<h1>Pulmonibranchiate</h1>
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<hw>Pul`mo*ni*bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pulmonate</er>.</def>

<h1>Pulmonic</h1>
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<hw>Pul*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pulmo</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>, a lung: cf. F. <ets>pulmonique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to, or affecting the lungs; pulmonary.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A pulmonic medicine.</def></def2>

<h1>Pulmonifera</h1>
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<hw>Pul`mo*nif"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pulmoniferous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pulmonata</er>.</def>

<h1>Pulmoniferous</h1>
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<hw>Pul`mo*nif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pulmo</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>, a lung + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having lungs; pulmonate.</def>

<h1>Pulp</h1>
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<hw>Pulp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pulpa</ets> flesh, pith, pulp of fruit: cf. F. <ets>pulpe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A moist, slightly cohering mass, consisting of soft, undissolved animal or vegetable matter.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A tissue or part resembling pulp; especially, the soft, highly vascular and sensitive tissue which fills the central cavity, called the <i>pulp cavity,</i> of teeth.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The soft, succulent part of fruit; <as>as, the <ex>pulp</ex> of a grape</as></def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The exterior part of a coffee berry</def>. <i>B. Edwards</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The material of which paper is made when ground up and suspended in water.</def>

<h1>Pulp</h1>
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<hw>Pulp</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pulped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pulping</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce to pulp.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deprive of the pulp, or integument.</def>

<blockquote>The other mode is to <b>pulp</b> the coffee immediately as it comes from the tree. By a simple machine a man will <b>pulp</b> a bushel in a minute.
<i>B. Edwards.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pulpatoon</h1>
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<hw>Pul`pa*toon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>poulpeton</ets>, <ets>poupeton</ets>, a sort of ragout.]</ety> <def>A kind of delicate confectionery or cake, perhaps made from the pulp of fruit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Pulpiness</h1>
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<hw>Pulp"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>the quality or state of being pulpy.</def>

<h1>Pulpit</h1>
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<hw>Pul"pit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pulpitum</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>pulpite</ets>, F. <ets>pulpitre</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>An elevated place, or inclosed stage, in a church, in which the clergyman stands while preaching.</def>

<blockquote>I stand like a clerk in my <b>pulpit</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The whole body of the clergy; preachers as a class; also, preaching.</def>

<blockquote>I say the <b>pulpit</b> (in the sober use
Of its legitimate, peculiar powers)
Must stand acknowledged, while the world shall stand,
The most important and effectual guard,
Support, and ornament of virtue's cause.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A desk, or platform, for an orator or public speaker.</def>

<-- 4. (Fig.) An office or condition of public prominence in which a person can gain wide public attention, thereby permitting him to exhort the public on moral or political matters. "The presidency is a bully pulpit." -->

<h1>Pulpit</h1>
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<hw>Pul"pit</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the pulpit, or preaching; <as>as, a <ex>pulpit</ex> orator; <ex>pulpit</ex> eloquence.</as></def>

<h1>Pulpited</h1>
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<hw>Pul"pit*ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Placed in a pulpit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sit . . . at the feet of a <b>pulpited</b> divine.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pulpiteer</h1>
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<hw>Pul*pit*eer"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who speaks in a pulpit; a preacher; -- so called in contempt.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<blockquote>We never can think it sinful that Burns should have been humorous on such a <b>pulpiteer</b>.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pulpiter</h1>
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<hw>Pul"pit*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A preacher.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pulpitical</h1>
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<hw>Pul*pit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the pulpit; suited to the pulpit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Pul*pit"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Chesterfield.</i>

<h1>Pulpitish</h1>
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<hw>Pul"pit*ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the pulpit; like preaching.</def>

<i>Chalmers.</i>

<h1>Pulpitry</h1>
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<hw>Pul"pit*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The teaching of the pulpit; preaching.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark> " Mere <i>pulpitry</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Pulpous</h1>
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<hw>Pulp"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pulposus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pulpeux</ets>. See <er>Pulp</er>.]</ety> <def>Containing pulp; pulpy.</def> " <i>Pulpous</i> fruit." <i>J. Philips</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Pulp"ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pulpy</h1>
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<hw>Pulp"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Like pulp; consisting of pulp; soft; fleshy; succulent; <as>as, the <er>pulpy</er> covering of a nut; the <ex>pulpy</ex> substance of a peach or a cherry.</as></def>

<h1>Pulque</h1>
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<hw>Pul"que</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>An intoxicating Mexican drink. See <er>Agave</er>.</def>

<h1>Pulsate</h1>
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<hw>Pul"sate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pulsated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pulsating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>pulsatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>pulsare</ets> to beat, strike, v. intens. fr. <ets>pellere</ets> to beat, strike, drive. See <er>Pulse</er> a beating, and cf. <er>Pulse</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <def>To throb, as a pulse; to beat, as the heart.</def>

<blockquote>The heart of a viper or frog will continue to <b>pulsate</b> long after it is taken from the body.
<i>E. Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pulsatile</h1>
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<hw>Pul"sa*tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>pulsatile</ets>, Sp. <ets>pulsatil</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being struck or beaten; played by beating or by percussion; <as>as, a tambourine is a <ex>pulsatile</ex> musical instrument</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pulsating; throbbing, as a tumor.</def>

<h1>Pulsatilla</h1>
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<hw>Pul`sa*til"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of ranunculaceous herbs including the pasque flower. This genus is now merged in <spn>Anemone</spn>. Some species, as <spn>Anemone Pulsatilla</spn>, <spn>Anemone pratensis</spn>, and <spn>Anemone patens</spn>, are used medicinally.</def>

<h1>Pulsation</h1>
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<hw>Pul*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pulsatio</ets> a beating or striking: cf. F. <ets>pulsation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A beating or throbbing, especially of the heart or of an artery, or in an inflamed part; a beat of the pulse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A single beat or throb of a series.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A stroke or impulse by which some medium is affected, as in the propagation of sounds.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Any touching of another's body willfully or in anger. This constitutes <i>battery</i>.</def>

<blockquote>By the Cornelian law, <b>pulsation</b> as well as verberation is prohibited.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pulsative</h1>
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<hw>Pul"sa*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pulsatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Beating; throbbing.</def>

<h1>Pulsator</h1>
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<hw>Pul*sa"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A beater; a striker.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>That which beats or throbs in working.</def>

<h1>Pulsatory</h1>
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<hw>Pul"sa*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pulsatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of pulsating; throbbing.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton. .</i>

<h1>Pulse</h1>
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<hw>Pulse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>puls</ets>, L. <ets>puls</ets>, <ets>pultis</ets>, a thick pap or pottage made of meal, pulse, etc. See <er>Poultice</er>, and cf. <er>Pousse</er>.]</ety> <def>Leguminous plants, or their seeds, as beans, pease, etc.</def>

<blockquote>If all the world
Should, in a pet of temperance, feed on pulse.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pulse</h1>
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<hw>Pulse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>pous</ets>, OF. <ets>pous</ets>, F. <ets>pouls</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pulsus</ets>  (sc. <ets>venarum</ets>), the beating of the pulse, the pulse, from <ets>pellere</ets>, <ets>pulsum</ets>, to beat, strike; cf. Gr. <?/ to swing, shake, <?/ to shake. Cf. <er>Appeal</er>, <er>Compel</er>, <er>Impel</er>, <er>Push</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The beating or throbbing of the heart or blood vessels, especially of the arteries.</def>

<note>&hand; In an artery the pulse is due to the expansion and contraction of the elastic walls of the artery by the action of the heart upon the column of blood in the arterial system. On the commencement of the diastole of the ventricle, the semilunar valves are closed, and the aorta recoils by its elasticity so as to force part of its contents into the vessels farther onwards. These, in turn, as they already contain a certain quantity of blood, expand, recover by an elastic recoil, and transmit the movement with diminished intensity. Thus a series of movements, gradually diminishing in intensity, pass along the arterial system (see the Note under <er>Heart</er>). For the sake of convenience, the radial artery at the wrist is generally chosen to detect the precise character of the pulse. The pulse rate varies with age, position, sex, stature, physical and psychical influences, etc.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any measured or regular beat; any short, quick motion, regularly repeated, as of a medium in the transmission of light, sound, etc.; oscillation; vibration; pulsation; impulse; beat; movement.</def>

<blockquote>The measured <b>pulse</b> of racing oars.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When the ear receives any simple sound, it is struck by a single <b>pulse</b> of the air, which makes the eardrum and the other membranous parts vibrate according to the nature and species of the stroke.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Pulse glass</col>, <cd>an instrument consisting to a glass tube with terminal bulbs, and containing ether or alcohol, which the heat of the hand causes to boil; -- so called from the <i>pulsating</i> motion of the liquid when thus warmed.</cd> <col>Pulse wave</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the wave of increased pressure started by the ventricular systole, radiating from the semilunar valves over the arterial system, and gradually disappearing in the smaller branches.</cd>

<blockquote>the <b>pulse wave</b> travels over the arterial system at the rate of about 29.5 feet in a second.
<i>H. N. Martin.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To feel one's pulse</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To ascertain, by the sense of feeling, the condition of the arterial pulse.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Hence, to sound one's opinion; to try to discover one's mind.</cd></cs><-- = to take the pulse of -->

<h1>Pulse</h1>
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<hw>Pulse</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To beat, as the arteries; to move in pulses or beats; to pulsate; to throb.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Pulse</h1>
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<hw>Pulse</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pulsate</er>, <er>Pulse</er> a beating.]</ety> <def>To drive by a pulsation; to cause to pulsate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pulseless</h1>
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<hw>Pulse"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no pulsation; lifeless.</def>

<h1>Pulselessness</h1>
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<hw>Pulse"less*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being pulseless.</def>

<h1>Pulsific</h1>
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<hw>Pul*sif"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pulse</ets> + L. <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Exciting the pulse; causing pulsation.</def>

<h1>Pulsimeter</h1>
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<hw>Pul*sim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pulse</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A sphygmograph.</def>

<h1>Pulsion</h1>
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<hw>Pul"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pulsio</ets>, fr. <ets>pellere</ets>, <ets>pulsum</ets>, to drive: cf. F. <ets>pulsion</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of driving forward; propulsion; -- opposed to <ant>suction</ant> or <ant>traction</ant>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="1162">
Page 1162<p>

<h1>Pulsive</h1>
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<hw>Pul"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to compel; compulsory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>pulsive</i> strain of conscience."

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Pulsometer</h1>
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<hw>Pul*som"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pulse</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A device, with valves, for raising water by steam, partly by atmospheric pressure, and partly by the direct action of the steam on the water, without the intervention of a piston; -- also called <altname>vacuum pump</altname>.</def><-- sounds like a steam aspirator, perhaps with other attachments.  No figure.  "vacuum pump" is usu. reserved for a mechanical device to create a vacuum, nothing to do with raising water. -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pulsimeter.</def>

<h1>Pult</h1>
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<hw>Pult</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Pultaceous</h1>
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<hw>Pul*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pultac\'82</ets>. See 1st <er>Pulse</er>.]</ety> <def>Macerated; softened; nearly fluid.</def>

<h1>Pultesse, Pultise</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pul"tesse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pul"tise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>Poultry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pulu</h1>
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<hw>Pu"lu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A vegetable substance consisting of soft, elastic, yellowish brown chaff, gathered in the Hawaiian Islands from the young fronds of free ferns of the genus <spn>Cibotium</spn>, chiefly <spn>C. Menziesii</spn>; -- used for stuffing mattresses, cushions, etc., and as an absorbent.</def>

<h1>Purverable</h1>
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<hw>Pur"ver*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being reduced to fine powder.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Pulveraceous</h1>
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<hw>Pul`ver*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a finely powdered surface; pulverulent.</def>

<h1>Pulverate</h1>
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<hw>Pul"ver*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pulveratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>pulverare</ets> to pulverize. See <er>Pulverize</er>.]</ety> <def>To beat or reduce to powder or dust; to pulverize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pulverine</h1>
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<hw>Pul"ver*ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pulvis</ets>, <ets>pulveris</ets>, dust, powder; cf. F. <ets>pulv\'82rin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ashes of barilla.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Pulverizable</h1>
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<hw>Pul"ver*i`za*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admitting of being pulverized; pulverable.</def>

<i>Barton.</i>

<h1>Pulverization</h1>
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<hw>Pul`ver*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pulv\'82risation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The action of reducing to dust or powder.</def>

<h1>Pulverize</h1>
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<hw>Pul"ver*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pulverized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pulverizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>pulv\'82riser</ets>, L. <ets>pulverizare</ets>, fr. <ets>pulvis</ets> dust, powder. See <er>Powder</er>.]</ety> <def>To reduce of fine powder or dust, as by beating, grinding, or the like; <as>as, friable substances may be <ex>pulverized</ex> by grinding or beating, but to <ex>pulverize</ex> malleable bodies other methods must be pursued</as>.</def>

<h1>Pulverize</h1>
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<hw>Pul"ver*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become reduced to powder; to fall to dust; <as>as, the stone <ex>pulverizes</ex> easily</as>.</def>

<h1>Pulverizer</h1>
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<hw>Pul"ver*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, pulverizes.</def>

<h1>Pulverous</h1>
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<hw>Pul"ver*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>pulvereus</ets>, from <ets>pulvis</ets>, <ets>pulveris</ets>, dust, powder.]</ety> <def>Consisting of dust or powder; like powder.</def>

<h1>Pulverulence</h1>
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<hw>Pul*ver"u*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being pulverulent; abundance of dust or powder; dustiness.</def>

<h1>Pulverulent</h1>
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<hw>Pul*ver"u*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pulverulentus</ets>, fr. <ets>pulvis</ets>, <ets>pulveris</ets>, dust, powder: cf. F. <ets>pulv\'82rulent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of, or reducible to, fine powder; covered with dust or powder; powdery; dusty.</def>

<h1>Pulvil</h1>
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<hw>Pul"vil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>polviglio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pulvis</ets>, <ets>pulveris</ets>, dust, powder: cf. Sp. <ets>polvillo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sweet-scented powder; pulvillio.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pulville</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Pulvil</h1>
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<hw>Pul"vil</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To apply pulvil to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Congreve.</i>

<h1>Pulvillio, Pulvillo</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pul*vil"li*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pul*vil"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pulvil</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of perfume in the form of a powder, formerly much used, -- often in little bags.</def>

<blockquote>Smells of incense, ambergris, and <b>pulvillios</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pulvillus</h1>
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<hw>Pul*vil"lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pulvilli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a little cushion.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the minute cushions on the feet of certain insects.</def>

<h1>Pulvinar</h1>
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<hw>Pul*vi"nar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a cushion.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A prominence on the posterior part of the thalamus of the human brain.</def>

<h1>Pulvinate, Pulvinated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pul"vi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pul"vi*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pulvinatus</ets>, fr. <ets>pulvinus</ets> a cushion, an elevation.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Curved convexly or swelled; <as>as, a <ex>pulvinated</ex> frieze</as>.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a cushion.</def>

<h1>Pulvinic</h1>
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<hw>Pul*vin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Vulpinic</er>, by transposition of the letters.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the decomposition of vulpinic acid, as a white crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Pulvinulus</h1>
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<hw>Pul*vin"u*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pulvinuli</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a little mound.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pulvillus</er>.</def>

<h1>Puma</h1>
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<hw>Pu"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Peruv. <ets>puma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large American carnivore (<spn>Felis concolor</spn>), found from Canada to Patagonia, especially among the mountains. Its color is tawny, or brownish yellow, without spots or stripes. Called also <altname>catamount</altname>, <altname>cougar</altname>, <altname>American lion</altname>, <altname>mountain lion</altname>, and <altname>panther</altname> or <altname>painter</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pume</h1>
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<hw>Pume</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A stint.</def>

<h1>Pumicate</h1>
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<hw>Pu"mi*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pumicated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pumicating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>pumicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>pumicare</ets> to pumicate, fr. <ets>pumex</ets>. See <er>Pumice</er>.]</ety> <def>To make smooth with pumice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pumice</h1>
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<hw>Pum"ice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pumex</ets>, <ets>pumicis</ets>, prob. akin to <ets>spuma</ets> foam: cf. AS. <ets>pumic-</ets>st\'ben. Cf. <er>Pounce</er> a powder, <er>Spume</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A very light porous volcanic scoria, usually of a gray color, the pores of which are capillary and parallel, giving it a fibrous structure. It is supposed to be produced by the disengagement of watery vapor without liquid or plastic lava. It is much used, esp. in the form of powder, for smoothing and polishing. Called also <altname>pumice stone</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pumiced</h1>
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<hw>Pum"iced</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>Affected with a kind of chronic laminitis in which there is a growth of soft spongy horn between the coffin bone and the hoof wall. The disease is called <i>pumiced foot</i>, or <i>pumice foot</i>.</def>

<h1>Pumiceous</h1>
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<hw>Pu*mi`ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pumiceus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to pumice; resembling pumice.</def>

<h1>Pumice stone</h1>
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<hw>Pum"ice stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Same as <er>Pumice</er>.</def>

<h1>Pumiciform</h1>
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<hw>Pu*mic"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pumice</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling, or having the structure of, pumice.</def>

<h1>Pummace</h1>
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<hw>Pum"mace</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Pomace</er>.</def>

<h1>Pummel</h1>
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<hw>Pum"mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Pommel</er>.</def>

<h1>Pump</h1>
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<hw>Pump</hw> <tt>(p&ucr;mp)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Probably so called as being worn for <ets>pomp</ets> or ornament. See <er>Pomp</er>.]</ety> <def>A low shoe with a thin sole.</def><-- MW10 says "close-fitting shoe with moderate to high heel".  Usage changed? -->

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Pump</h1>
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<hw>Pump</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>pomp</ets>, G. <ets>pumpe</ets>, F. <ets>pompe</ets>; of unknown origin.]</ety> <def>An hydraulic machine, variously constructed, for raising or transferring fluids, consisting essentially of a moving piece or piston working in a hollow cylinder or other cavity, with valves properly placed for admitting or retaining the fluid as it is drawn or driven through them by the action of the piston.</def>
<-- this definition is for a mechanical pump.  A peristaltic pump would not fit this def.  MW10: "a device that raises, transfers, or compresses fluids . . . by suction or pressure or both." -->

<note>&hand; for various kinds of pumps, see <er>Air pump</er>, <er>Chain pump</er>, and <er>Force pump</er>; also, under <er>Lifting</er>, <er>Plunger</er>, <er>Rotary</er>, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Circulating pump</col> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld>, <cd>a pump for driving the condensing water through the casing, or tubes, of a surface condenser.</cd> -- <col>Pump brake</col>.  <cd>See <cref>Pump handle</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Pump dale</col>. <cd>See <er>Dale</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pump gear</col>, <cd>the apparatus belonging to a pump. <i>Totten</i>.</cd> -- <col>Pump handle</col>, <cd>the lever, worked by hand, by which motion is given to the bucket of a pump.</cd> -- <col>Pump hood</col>, <cd>a semicylindrical appendage covering the upper wheel of a chain pump.</cd> -- <col>Pump rod</col>, <cd>the rod to which the bucket of a pump is fastened, and which is attached to the brake or handle; the piston rod.</cd> -- <col>Pump room</col>, <cd>a place or room at a mineral spring where the waters are drawn and drunk.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Pump spear</col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Pump rod</cref>, above.</cd> -- <col>Pump stock</col>, <cd>the stationary part, body, or barrel of a pump.</cd> -- <col>Pump well</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Well</er>.</cd></cs><-- vacuum pump, a pump which creates a vacuum by removing gas (usually air) from a container. Mechanical vacuum pump, a vacuum pump operating by the motion of a piston or rotary blade in a chamber, as contrasted with an aspirator.  Persistaltic pump, a pump transferring fluids by peristaltic action on a flexible tube.  Such pumps are used where a gentle pumping action is desired, or the transferred fluid may be harmed in a mechanical pump; as in the infusion of fluids into blood vessels of the body, or the pumping of explosive or easily decomposed fluids. -->

<h1>Pump</h1>
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<hw>Pump</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pumped</er> <tt>(p&ucr;mt; 215)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>pumping</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To raise with a pump, as water or other liquid.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw water, or the like, from; to from water by means of a pump; <as>as, they <ex>pumped</ex> the well dry; to <ex>pump</ex> a ship.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Figuratively, to draw out or obtain, as secrets or money, by persistent questioning or plying; to question or ply persistently in order to elicit something, as information, money, etc.</def>

<blockquote>But <b>pump</b> not me for politics.
<i>Otway.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pump</h1>
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<hw>Pump</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To work, or raise water, a pump.</def>

<h1>Pumpage</h1>
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<hw>Pump"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is raised by pumps, or the work done by pumps.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>pumpage</b> last year amounted to . . . gallons.
<i>Sci. Amer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pumper</h1>
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<hw>Pump"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pumps; the instrument or machine used in pumping.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Pumpernickel</h1>
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<hw>Pump"er*nick`el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <def>A sort of bread, made of unbolted rye, which forms the chief food of the Westphalian peasants. It is acid but nourishing.</def>

<h1>Pumpet</h1>
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<hw>Pum"pet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pompet.</def>

<cs><col>Pumpet ball</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a ball for inking types; a pompet.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pumping</h1>
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<hw>Pump"ing</hw>, <def><tt>a. & n.</tt> from <er>pump</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Pumping engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine and pump combined for raising water. See <er>Steam engine</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pumpion</h1>
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<hw>Pump"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Pumpkin</er>.</def>

<h1>Pumpkin</h1>
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<hw>Pump"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For older <ets>pompion</ets>, <ets>pompon</ets>, OF. <ets>pompon</ets>, L. <ets>pepo</ets>, <ets>peponis</ets>, Gr. <?/, properly, cooked by the sun, ripe, mellow; -- so called because not eaten till ripe. Cf. <er>Cook</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A well-known trailing plant (<spn>Cucurbita pepo</spn>)  and its fruit, -- used for cooking and for feeding stock; a pompion.</def>

<cs><col>Pumpkin seed</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The flattish oval seed of the pumpkin</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>The common pondfish.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pumy</h1>
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<hw>Pu"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E. <ets>pummer</ets> big, large, and E. <ets>pomey</ets> pommel.]</ety> <def>Large and rounded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A gentle stream, whose murmuring wave did play
Amongst the <b>pumy</b> stones.
<i> Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pun</h1>
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<hw>Pun</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pound</er> to beat.]</ety> <def>To pound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He would <b>pun</b> thee into shivers with his fist.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pun</h1>
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<hw>Pun</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Pun</er> to pound, <er>Pound</er> to beat.]</ety> <def>A play on words which have the same sound but different meanings; an expression in which two different applications of a word present an odd or ludicrous idea; a kind of quibble or equivocation.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>A better <b>put</b> on this word was made on the Beggar's Opera, which, it was said, made Gay rich, and Rich gay.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pun</h1>
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<hw>Pun</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Punned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Punning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make puns, or a pun; to use a word in a double sense, especially when the contrast of ideas is ludicrous; to play upon words; to quibble.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Pun</h1>
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<hw>Pun</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To persuade or affect by a pun.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Punch</h1>
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<hw>Punch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>p\'bench</ets> five, Skr. <ets>pa</ets><?/<ets>can</ets>. So called because composed of five ingredients, viz., sugar, arrack, spice, water, and lemon juice. See <er>Five</er>.]</ety> <def>A beverage composed of wine or distilled liquor, water (or milk), sugar, and the juice of lemon, with spice or mint; -- specifically named from the kind of spirit used; <as>as <ex>rum punch</ex>, <ex>claret punch</ex>, <ex>champagne punch</ex>, etc</as>.</def><-- (b) a nonalcoholic beverage, usually composed of a mixture of fruit juices -->

<cs><col>Milk punch</col>, <cd>a sort of punch made with spirit, milk, sugar, spice, etc.</cd> -- <col>Punch bowl</col>, <cd>a large bowl in which punch is made, or from which it is served.</cd> -- <col>Roman punch</col>, <cd>a punch frozen and served as an ice.</cd></cs>

<h1>Punch</h1>
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<hw>Punch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev, fr. <ets>punchinello</ets>.]</ety> <def>The buffoon or harlequin of a puppet show.</def>

<cs><col>Punch and Judy</col>, <cd>a puppet show in which a comical little hunchbacked Punch, with a large nose, engages in altercation with his wife Judy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Punch</h1>
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<hw>Punch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. Cf. <er>Punchy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A short, fat fellow; anything short and thick.</def>

<blockquote>I . . . did hear them call their fat child <b>punch</b>, which pleased me mightily, that word being become a word of common use for all that is thick and short.
<i>Pepys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of a breed of large, heavy draught horses; <as>as, the Suffolk <ex>punch</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Punch</h1>
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<hw>Punch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>punchen</ets>, perhaps the same word as E. <ets>punish</ets>: or cf. E. <ets>bunch</ets>.]</ety> <def>To thrust against; to poke; <as>as, to <ex>punch</ex> one with the end of a stick or the elbow</as>.</def>

<h1>Punch</h1>
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<hw>Punch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A thrust or blow.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Punch</h1>
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<hw>Punch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>puncheon</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A tool, usually of steel, variously shaped at one end for different uses, and either solid, for stamping or for perforating holes in metallic plates and other substances, or hollow and sharpedged, for cutting out blanks, as for buttons, steel pens, jewelry, and the like; a die.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Pile Driving)</fld> <def>An extension piece applied to the top of a pile; a dolly.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A prop, as for the roof of a mine.</def>

<cs><col>Bell punch</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Belt punch</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a punch, or punch pliers, for making holes for lacings in the ends of driving belts.</cd> -- <col>Punch press</col>. <cd>See <cref>Punching machine</cref>, under <er>Punch</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> -- <col>Punch pliers</col></mcol>, <cd>pliers having a tubular, sharp-edged steel punch attached to one of the jaws, for perforating leather, paper, and the like.</cd></cs>

<h1>Punch</h1>
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<hw>Punch</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Punched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Punching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Punch</er>, <tt>n.<tt>, a tool; cf. F. <ets>poin&cced;onner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To perforate or stamp with an instrument by pressure, or a blow; <as>as, to <ex>punch</ex> a hole; to <ex>punch</ex> ticket.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>Punching machine</col>, &or; <col>Punching press</col></mcol>, <cd>a machine tool for punching holes in metal or other material; -- called also <altname>punch press</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Puncheon</h1>
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<hw>Punch"eon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>poin&cced;on</ets> awl, bodkin, crown, king-post, fr. L. <ets>punctio</ets> a pricking, fr. <ets>pungere</ets> to prick. See <er>Pungent</er>, and cf. <er>Punch</er> a tool, <er>Punction</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A figured stamp, die, or punch, used by goldsmiths, cutlers, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A short, upright piece of timber in framing; a short post; an intermediate stud.</def>

<i>Oxf. Gloss.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A split log or heavy slab with the face smoothed; <as>as, a floor made of <ex>puncheons</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<i> Bartlett.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>poin&cced;on</ets>, perh. the same as <ets>poin&cced;on</ets> an awl.]</ety> <def>A cask containing, sometimes 84, sometimes 120, gallons.</def>

<h1>Puncher</h1>
<Xpage=1162>

<hw>Punch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, punches.</def>

<h1>Punchin</h1>
<Xpage=1162>

<hw>Pun"chin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Puncheon</er>.</def>

<h1>Punchinello</h1>
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<hw>Pun`chi*nel"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>pulcinella</ets>, probably originally a word of endearment, dim. of <ets>pulcina</ets>, <ets>pulcino</ets>, a chicken, from L. <ets>pullicenus</ets>, <ets>pullus</ets>. See <er>Pullet</er>.]</ety> <def>A punch; a buffoon; originally, in a puppet show, a character represented as fat, short, and humpbacked.</def>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<h1>Punchy</h1>
<Xpage=1162>

<hw>Punch"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Perhaps for <ets>paunchy</ets>, from <ets>paunch</ets>. See 3d <er>Punch</er>.]</ety> <def>Short and thick, or fat.</def>

<h1>Punctated, Punctated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Punc"ta*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Punc"ta*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L.  <ets>punctum</ets> point.  See <er>Point</er> .]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pointed; ending in a point or points.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Dotted with small spots of color, or with minute depressions or pits.</def>

<h1>Punctator</h1>
<Xpage=1162>

<hw>Punc*ta"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who marks with points. specifically, one who writes Hebrew with points; -- applied to a Masorite.</def>

<i>E. Robinson.</i>

<h1>Puncticular</h1>
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<hw>Punc*tic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Comprised in, or like, a point; exact.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Punctiform</h1>
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<hw>Punc"ti*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>punctum</ets> point + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a point.</def>

<h1>Punctilio</h1>
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<hw>Punc*til"io</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Punctilios</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[It. <ets>puntiglio</ets>, or Sp. <ets>puntillo</ets>, dim. fr. L. <ets>punctum</ets> point. See <er>Point</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <def>A nice point of exactness in conduct, ceremony, or proceeding; particularity or exactness in forms; <as>as, the <ex>punctilios</ex> of a public ceremony</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They will not part with the least <b>punctilio</b> in their opinions and practices.
<i>Fuller</i></blockquote>.

<h1>Punctillous</h1>
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<hw>Punc*til"lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. It. <ets>puntiglioso</ets>, Sp. <ets>puntilloso</ets>.]</ety> <def>Attentive to punctilio; very nice or exact in the forms of behavior, etiquette, or mutual intercourse; precise; exact in the smallest particulars.</def> "A <i>punctilious</i> observance of divine laws." <i>Rogers</i>. "Very <i>punctilious</i> copies of any letters. <i>The Nation</i>.

<blockquote><b>Punctilious</b> in the simple and intelligible instances of common life.
<i> I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Punc*til"ious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Punc*til"ious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Punction</h1>
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<hw>Punc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>punctio</ets>, fr. <ets>pungere</ets>, <ets>punctum</ets>, to prick: cf. F. <ets>ponction</ets>. Cf. <er>Puncheon</er>.]</ety> <def>A puncturing, or pricking; a puncture.</def>

<h1>Punctist</h1>
<Xpage=1162>

<hw>Punc"tist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A punctator.</def>

<i>E. Henderson.</i>

<h1>Puncto</h1>
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<hw>Punc"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Punto</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A nice point of form or ceremony.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A term applied to the point in fencing.</def>

<i>Farrow.</i>

<h1>Punctual</h1>
<Xpage=1162>

<hw>Punc"tu*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ponctuel</ets> (cf. Sp.<ets>puntual</ets>, It. <ets>puntuale</ets>), from L. <ets>punctum</ets> point. See <er>Point</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting in a point; limited to a point; unextended.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "This <i>punctual</i> spot."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>The theory of the <b>punctual</b> existence of the soul.
<i> Krauth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Observant of nice points; punctilious; precise.</def>

<blockquote><b>Punctual</b> to tediousness in all that he relates.
<i> Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So much on <b>punctual</b> niceties they stand.
<i>C. Pitt.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Appearing or done at, or adhering exactly to, a regular or an appointed time; precise; prompt; <as>as, a <ex>punctual</ex> man; a <ex>punctual</ex> payment</as>.</def> "The race of the undeviating and <i>punctual</i> sun."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>These sharp strokes [of a pendulum], with their inexorably steady intersections, so agree with our successive thoughts that they seem like the <b>punctual</b> stops counting off our very souls into the past.
<i> J. Martineau.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1163">
Page 1163<p>

<h1>Punctualist</h1>
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<hw>Punc"tu*al*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is very exact in observing forms and ceremonies.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Punctuality</h1>
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<hw>Punc`tu*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ponctualit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being punctual; especially, adherence to the exact time of an engagement; exactness.</def>

<h1>Punctually</h1>
<Xpage=1163>

<hw>Punc"tu*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a punctual manner; promptly; exactly.</def>

<h1>Punctualness</h1>
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<hw>Punc"tu*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Punctuality; exactness.</def>

<h1>Punctuate</h1>
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<hw>Punc"tu*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Punctuated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Punctuating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ponctuer</ets>. See <er>Punctual</er>.]</ety> <def>To mark with points; to separate into sentences, clauses, etc., by points or stops which mark the proper pauses in expressing the meaning.</def>

<h1>Punctuation</h1>
<Xpage=1163>

<hw>Punc`tu*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ponctuation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The act or art of punctuating or pointing a writing or discourse; the art or mode of dividing literary composition into sentences, and members of a sentence, by means of points, so as to elucidate the author's meaning.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Punctuation</i>, as the term is usually understood, is chiefly performed with four points: the <i>period</i> [.], the <i>colon</i> [:], the <i>semicolon</i> [;], and the <i>comma</i> [,].  Other points used in writing and printing, partly rhetorical and partly grammatical, are the <i>note of interrogation</i> [?], the <i>note of exclamation</i> [!], the <i>parentheses</i> [()], the <i>dash</i> [--], and <i>brackets</i> [].  It was not until the 16th century that an approach was made to the present system of punctuation by the Manutii of Venice. With Caxton, oblique strokes took the place of commas and periods.</note>

<h1>Punctuative</h1>
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<hw>Punc"tu*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or belonging to points of division; relating to punctuation.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>punctuative</b> intonation of feeble cadence.
<i>Rush.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Punctuator</h1>
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<hw>Punc"tu*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who punctuates, as in writing; specifically, a punctator.</def>

<h1>Punctuist</h1>
<Xpage=1163>

<hw>Punc"tu*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A punctator.</def>

<h1>Punctulate, Punctulated</h1>
<Xpage=1163>

<hw><hw>Punc"tu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Punc"tu*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>punctulum</ets>, dim. of <ets>punctum</ets> point.]</ety> <def>Marked with small spots.</def>

<blockquote>The studs have their surface <b>punctulated</b>, as if set all over with other studs infinitely lesser.
<i> Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Punctum</h1>
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<hw>Punc"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a point.]</ety> <def>A point.</def>

<cs><col>Punctum c\'91cum</col>. <ety>[L., blind point.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Blind spot</cref>, under <er>Blind</er>.</cd> -- <col>Punctum proximum</col>, <cd>near point. See under <er>Point</er>.</cd> -- <col>Punctum remotum</col>, <cd>far point. See under <er>Point</er>.</cd> -- <col>Punctum vegetationis</col> <ety>[L., point of vegetation]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the terminal cell of a stem, or of a leaf bud, from which new growth originates.</cd></cs>

<h1>Puncturation</h1>
<Xpage=1163>

<hw>Punc`tu*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of puncturing. See <er>Acupuncture</er>.</def>

<h1>Puncture</h1>
<Xpage=1163>

<hw>Punc"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>punctura</ets>, fr. <ets>pungere</ets>, <ets>punctum</ets>, to prick. See <er>Pungent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of puncturing; perforating with something pointed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small hole made by a point; a slight wound, bite, or sting; <as>as, the <ex>puncture</ex> of a nail, needle, or pin</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A lion may perish by the <b>puncture</b> of an asp.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Puncture</h1>
<Xpage=1163>

<hw>Punc"ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Punctured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Puncturing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To pierce with a small, pointed instrument, or the like; to prick; to make a puncture in; <as>as, to <ex>puncture</ex> the skin</as>.</def>

<h1>Punctured</h1>
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<hw>Punc"tured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the surface covered with minute indentations or dots.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Produced by puncture; having the characteristics of a puncture; <as>as, a <ex>punctured</ex> wound</as>.</def>

<h1>Pundit</h1>
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<hw>Pun"dit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>pandit</ets>, Skr. <ets>pandita</ets> a learned man.]</ety> <def>A learned man; a teacher; esp., a Brahman versed in the Sanskrit language, and in the science, laws, and religion of the Hindoos; in Cashmere, any clerk or native official.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pandit</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Pundle</h1>
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<hw>Pun"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Bundle</er>.]</ety> <def>A short and fat woman; a squab.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Punese</h1>
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<hw>Pu"nese</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>punaise</ets>, fr. <ets>punais</ets> stinking, fr. L. <ets>putere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bedbug.</def> <mark>[R or Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pung</h1>
<Xpage=1163>

<hw>Pung</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A kind of plain sleigh drawn by one horse; originally, a rude oblong box on runners.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sledges or <b>pungs</b>, coarsely framed of split saplings, and surmounted with a large crockery crate.
<i> Judd.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They did not take out the <b>pungs</b> to-day.
<i> E. E. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pungence</h1>
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<hw>Pun"gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pungent</er>.]</ety> <def>Pungency.</def>

<h1>Pungency</h1>
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<hw>Pun"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being pungent or piercing; keenness; sharpness; piquancy; <as>as, the <ex>pungency</ex> of ammonia</as>.</def> "The <i>pungency</i> of menaces."

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Pungent</h1>
<Xpage=1163>

<hw>Pun"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pungens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>pungere</ets>, <ets>punctum</ets>, to prick. Cf. <er>Compunction</er>, <er>Expunge</er>, <er>Poignant</er>, <er>Point</er>, <tt>n.<tt>, <er>Puncheon</er>, <er>Punctilio</er>, <er>Punt</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Causing a sharp sensation, as of the taste, smell, or feelings; pricking; biting; acrid; <as>as, a <ex>pungent</ex> spice</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Pungent</b> radish biting infant's tongue.
<i>Shenstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>pungent</b> grains of titillating dust.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sharply painful; penetrating; poignant; severe; caustic; stinging.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>pungent</b> pains on every side.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His <b>pungent</b> pen played its part in rousing the nation.
<i>J. R. Green.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Prickly-pointed; hard and sharp.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Acrid; piercing; sharp; penetrating; acute; keen; acrimonious; biting; stinging.</syn>

<h1>Pungently</h1>
<Xpage=1163>

<hw>Pun"gent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a pungent manner; sharply.</def>

<h1>Pungled</h1>
<Xpage=1163>

<hw>Pun"gled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Shriveled or shrunken; -- said especially of grain which has lost its juices from the ravages of insects, such as the wheat midge, or Trips (<spn>Thrips cerealium</spn>).</def>

<h1>Pungy</h1>
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<hw>Pung"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A small sloop or shallop, or a large boat with sails.</def>

<h1>Punic</h1>
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<hw>Pu"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Punicus</ets> pertaining to Carthage, or its inhabitants, fr. <ets>Poeni</ets> the Carthaginians.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the ancient Carthaginians.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characteristic of the ancient Carthaginians; faithless; treacherous; <as>as, <ex>Punic</ex> faith</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Yes, yes, his faith attesting nations own;
'T is <b>Punic</b> all, and to a proverb known.
<i> H. Brooke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Punice</h1>
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<hw>Pu"nice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Punese</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<h1>Punice</h1>
<Xpage=1163>

<hw>Pu"nice</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To punish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Puniceous, Punicial</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pu*ni"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pu*ni"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>puniceus</ets>, fr. <ets>Punicus</ets> Punic.]</ety> <def>Of a bright red or purple color.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Puniness</h1>
<Xpage=1163>

<hw>Pu"ni*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being puny; littleness; pettiness; feebleness.</def>

<h1>Punish</h1>
<Xpage=1163>

<hw>Pun"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Punished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Punishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>punischen</ets>, F. <ets>punir</ets>, from L. <ets>punire</ets>, <ets>punitum</ets>, akin to <ets>poena</ets> punishment, penalty. See <er>Pain</er>, and <er>-ish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To impose a penalty upon; to afflict with pain, loss, or suffering for a crime or fault, either with or without a view to the offender's amendment; to cause to suffer in retribution; to chasten; <as>as, to <ex>punish</ex> traitors with death; a father <ex>punishes</ex> his child for willful disobedience.</as></def>

<blockquote>A greater power
Now ruled him, <b>punished</b> in the shape he sinned.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inflict a penalty for (an offense) upon the offender; to repay, as a fault, crime, etc., with pain or loss; <as>as, to <ex>punish</ex> murder or treason with death</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To injure, as by beating; to pommel.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- To chastise; castigate; scourge; whip; lash; correct; discipline. See <er>Chasten</er>.</syn>

<h1>Punishable</h1>
<Xpage=1163>

<hw>Pun"ish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>punissable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deserving of, or liable to, punishment; capable of being punished by law or right; -- said of person or offenses.</def>

<blockquote>That time was, when to be a Protestant, to be a Christian, was by law as <b>punishable</b> as to be a traitor.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pun"ish*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Punisher</h1>
<Xpage=1163>

<hw>Pun"ish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who inflicts punishment.</def>

<h1>Punishment</h1>
<Xpage=1163>

<hw>Pun"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of punishing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any pain, suffering, or loss inflicted on a person because of a crime or offense.</def>

<blockquote>I never gave them condign <b>punishment</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The rewards and <b>punishments</b> of another life.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A penalty inflicted by a court of justice on a convicted offender as a just retribution, and incidentally for the purposes of reformation and prevention.</def>

<h1>Punition</h1>
<Xpage=1163>

<hw>Pu*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>punitio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>punition</ets>. See <er>Punish</er>.]</ety> <def>Punishment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Mir. for Mag.</i>

<h1>Punitive</h1>
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<hw>Pu"ni*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to punishment; involving, awarding, or inflicting punishment; <as>as, <ex>punitive</ex> law or justice</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If death be <b>punitive</b>, so, likewise, is the necessity imposed upon man of toiling for his subsistence.
<i> I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We shall dread a blow from the <b>punitive</b> hand.
<i>Bagehot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Punitory</h1>
<Xpage=1163>

<hw>Pu"ni*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Punishing; tending to punishment; punitive.</def>

<blockquote>God . . . may make moral evil, as well as natural, at the same time both prudential and <b>punitory</b>.
<i>A. Tucker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Punk</h1>
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<hw>Punk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Spunk</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wood so decayed as to be dry, crumbly, and useful for tinder; touchwood.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fungus (<spn>Polyporus fomentarius</spn>, etc.) sometimes dried for tinder; agaric.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An artificial tinder. See <er>Amadou</er>, and <er>Spunk</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A prostitute; a strumpet.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<i> Shak.</i>

<h1>Punka</h1>
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<hw>Pun"ka</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>pankh\'be</ets> fan.]</ety> <def>A machine for fanning a room, usually a movable fanlike frame covered with canvas, and suspended from the ceiling. It is kept in motion by pulling a cord.</def> <mark>[Hindostan]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>punkah</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Malcom.</i>

<h1>Punkin</h1>
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<hw>Pun"kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pumpkin.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Punkling</h1>
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<hw>Punk"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A young strumpet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Punner</h1>
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<hw>Pun"ner</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A punster.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Punnet</h1>
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<hw>Pun"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Ir. <ets>buinne</ets> a shoot, branch.]</ety> <def>A broad, shallow basket, for displaying fruit or flowers.</def>

<h1>Punnology</h1>
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<hw>Pun*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pun</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or practice of punning; paronomasia.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Punster</h1>
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<hw>Pun"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who puns, or is skilled in, or given to, punning; a quibbler; a low wit.</def>

<h1>Punt</h1>
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<hw>Punt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ponter</ets>, or It. <ets>puntare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>punctum</ets> point. See <er>Point</er>.]</ety> <def>To play at basset, baccara, faro. or omber; to gamble.</def>

<blockquote>She heard . . . of his <b>punting</b> at gaming tables.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Punt</h1>
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<hw>Punt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of playing at basset, baccara, faro, etc.</def>

<h1>Punt</h1>
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<hw>Punt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS., fr. L. <ets>ponto</ets> punt, pontoon. See <er>Pontoon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A flat-bottomed boat with square ends. It is adapted for use in shallow waters.</def>

<h1>Punt</h1>
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<hw>Punt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To propel, as a boat in shallow water, by pushing with a pole against the bottom; to push or propel (anything) with exertion.</def>

<i>Livingstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Football)</fld> <def>To kick (the ball) before it touches the ground, when let fall from the hands.</def>

<h1>Punt</h1>
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<hw>Punt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Football)</fld> <def>The act of punting the ball.</def>

<h1>Punter</h1>
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<hw>Punt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ponte</ets>. See <er>Punt</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>One who punts; specifically, one who plays against the banker or dealer, as in baccara and faro.</def>

<i>Hoyle.</i>

<h1>Punter</h1>
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<hw>Punt"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who punts a football; also, one who propels a punt.</def>

<h1>Puntil, Puntel</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pun"til</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pun"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Glass Making)</fld> <def>See <er>Pontee</er>.</def>

<h1>Punto</h1>
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<hw>Pun"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>punto</ets>, L. <ets>punctum</ets> point. See <er>Point</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fencing)</fld> <def>A point or hit.</def>

<cs><col>Punto diritto</col> <ety>[It.]</ety>, <cd>a direct stroke or hit.</cd> -- <col>Punto reverso</col> <ety>[It. <ets>riverso<ets> reverse]</ety>, <cd>a backhanded stroke. <i>Halliwell</i>. "Ah, the immortal passado! the <i>punto reverso<i>!"</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Punty</h1>
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<hw>Pun"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Glass Making)</fld> <def>See <er>Pontee</er>.</def>

<h1>Puny</h1>
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<hw>Pu"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Punier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Puniest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>pu\'8ct\'82</ets> younger, later born, OF. <ets>puisn\'82</ets>; <ets>puis</ets> afterwards (L. <ets>post</ets>; see <er>Post-</er>) + <ets>n\'82</ets> born, L. <ets>natus</ets>. See <er>Natal</er>, and cf. <er>Puisne</er>.]</ety> <def>Imperfectly developed in size or vigor; small and feeble; inferior; petty.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>puny</b> subject strikes at thy great glory.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Breezes laugh to scorn our <b>puny</b> speed.
<i>Keble.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Puny</h1>
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<hw>Pu"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A youth; a novice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Puoy</h1>
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<hw>Puoy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Poy</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Pup</h1>
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<hw>Pup</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Puppy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def> A young dog; a puppy.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>a young seal.</def><-- any young canine? -->

<h1>Pup</h1>
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<hw>Pup</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pupped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pupping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring forth whelps or young, as the female of the canine species.</def>

<h1>Pupa</h1>
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<hw>Pu"pa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Pup<?/</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Pupas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>pupa</ets> girl. doll, puppet, fem. of <ets>pupus</ets>. Cf. <er>Puppet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any insect in that stage of its metamorphosis which usually immediately precedes the adult, or imago, stage.</def>

<note>&hand; Among insects belonging to the higher orders, as the Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, the pupa is inactive and takes no food; in the lower orders it is active and takes food, and differs little from the imago except in the rudimentary state of the sexual organs, and of the wings in those that have wings when adult. The term <i>pupa</i> is sometimes applied to other invertebrates in analogous stages of development.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of air-breathing land snails having an elongated spiral shell.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Coarctate</col>, &or; <col>Obtected</col>, <col>pupa</col></mcol>, <cd>a pupa which is incased in the dried-up skin of the larva, as in many Diptera.</cd> -- <col>Masked pupa</col>, <cd>a pupa whose limbs are bound down and partly concealed by a chitinous covering, as in Lepidoptera.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pupal</h1>
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<hw>Pu"pal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a pupa, or the condition of a pupa.</def>

<h1>Pupate</h1>
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<hw>Pu"pate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>To become a pupa.</def>

<h1>Pupation</h1>
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<hw>Pu*pa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>the act of becoming a pupa.</def>

<h1>Pupe</h1>
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<hw>Pupe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A pupa.</def>

<h1>Pupelo</h1>
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<hw>Pu*pe"lo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cider brandy.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Pupigerous</h1>
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<hw>Pu*pig"er*ous</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pupa</ets> + <ets>-gerous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Bearing or containing a pupa; -- said of dipterous larv\'91 which do not molt when the pupa is formed within them.</def>

<h1>Pupil</h1>
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<hw>Pu"pil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pupille</ets>, n. fem., L. <ets>pupilla</ets> the pupil of the eye, originally dim. of <ets>pupa</ets> a girl. See <er>Puppet</er>, and cf. <er>Pupil</er> a scholar.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The aperture in the iris; the sight, apple, or black of the eye. See the Note under <er>Eye</er>, and <er>Iris</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Pin-hole pupil</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the pupil of the eye when so contracted (as it sometimes is in typhus, or opium poisoning) as to resemble a pin hole.</cd></cs>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Pupil</h1>
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<hw>Pu"pil</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pupille</ets>, n. masc. & fem., L. <ets>pupillus</ets>, <ets>pupilla</ets>, dim. of <ets>pupus</ets> boy, <ets>pupa</ets> girl. See <er>Puppet</er>, and cf. <er>Pupil</er> of the eye.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A youth or scholar of either sex under the care of an instructor or tutor.</def>

<blockquote>Too far in years to be a <b>pupil</b> now.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Tutors should behave reverently before their <b>pupils</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person under a guardian; a ward.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>A boy or a girl under the age of puberty, that is, under fourteen if a male, and under twelve if a female.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Learner; disciple; tyro. -- See <er>Scholar</er>.</syn>

<h1>Pupilage</h1>
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<hw>Pu"pil*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being a pupil.</def>

<blockquote>As sons of kings, loving in <b>pupilage</b>,
 Have turned to tyrants when they came to power.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pupillarity</h1>
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<hw>Pu`pil*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pupillarit\'82</ets>. See <er>Pupillary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The period before puberty, or from birth to fourteen in males, and twelve in females.</def>

<h1>Pupillary</h1>
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<hw>Pu"pil*la*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pupillaris</ets>: cf. F.<ets>pupillaire</ets>. See <er>Pupil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a pupil or ward.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the pupil of the eye.</def>

<h1>Pupillometer</h1>
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<hw>Pu`pil*lom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pupilla</ets> pupil of the eye +  <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the size of the pupil of the pupil of the eye.</def>

<h1>Pupipara</h1>
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<hw>Pu*pip"a*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pupiparous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Diptera in which the young are born in a stage like the pupa. It includes the sheep tick, horse tick, and other parasites. Called also <altname>Homaloptera</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pupiparous</h1>
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<hw>Pu*pip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pupa</ets> + L. <ets>parere</ets> to bring forth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Bearing, or containing, a pupa; -- said of the matured larv\'91, or larval skins, of certain Diptera.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pupipara.</def>

<h1>Pupivora</h1>
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<hw>Pu*piv"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pupivorous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of parasitic Hymenoptera, including the ichneumon flies, which destroy the larv\'91 and pup\'91 of insects.</def>

<h1>Pupivorous</h1>
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<hw>Pu*piv"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pupa</ets> + L. <ets>vorare</ets> to devour.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Feeding on the pup\'91 of insects.</def>

<h1>Puplican</h1>
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<hw>Pup"li*can</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Publican.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Puppet</h1>
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<hw>Pup"pet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>popet</ets>, OF. <ets>poupette</ets>; akin to F. <ets>poup\'82e</ets> a doll, probably from L. <ets>puppa</ets>, <ets>pupa</ets>, a girl, doll, puppet. Cf. <er>Poupeton</er>, <er>Pupa</er>, <er>Pupil</er>, <er>Puppy</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>poppet</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small image in the human form; a doll.</def>

<hr>
<page="1164">
Page 1164<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A similar figure moved by the hand or by a wire in a mock drama; a marionette; a wooden actor in a play.</def>

<blockquote>At the pipes of some carved organ move,
The gilded <b>puppets</b> dance.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One controlled in his action by the will of another; a tool; -- so used in contempt.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The upright support for the bearing of the spindle in a lathe.</def>

<cs><col>Puppet master</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Puppetman</er>.</cd> -- <col>Puppet play</col>, <cd>a puppet show.</cd> -- <col>Puppet player</col>, <cd>one who manages the motions of puppets.</cd> -- <col>Puppet show</col>, <cd>a mock drama performed by puppets moved by wires.</cd> -- <col>Puppet valve</col>, <cd>a valve in the form of a circular disk, which covers a hole in its seat, and opens by moving bodily away from the seat while remaining parallel with it, -- used in steam engines, pumps, safety valves, etc.  Its edge is often beveled, and fits in a conical recess in the seat when the valve is closed. See the valves shown in <i>Illusts</i>. of <i>Plunger pump</i>, and <i>Safety valve</i>, under <er>Plunger</er>, and <er>Safety</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Puppetish</h1>
<Xpage=1164>

<hw>Pup"pet*ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling a puppet in appearance or action; of the nature of a puppet.</def>

<h1>Puppetman</h1>
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<hw>Pup"pet*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A master of a puppet show.</def>

<h1>Puppetry</h1>
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<hw>Pup"pet*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Action or appearance resembling that of a puppet, or puppet show; hence, mere form or show; affectation.</def>

<blockquote><b>Puppetry</b> of the English laws of divorce.
<i>Chambers.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Puppy</h1>
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<hw>Pup"py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Puppies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>poup\'82e</ets> doll, puppet. See <er>Puppet</er>, and cf. <er>Pup</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The young of a canine animal, esp. of the common dog; a whelp.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A name of contemptuous reproach for a conceited and impertinent person.</def>

<blockquote>I found my place taken by an ill-bred, awkward <b>puppy</b> with a money bag under each arm.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Puppy</h1>
<Xpage=1164>

<hw>Pup"py</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Puppied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Puppying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bring forth whelps; to pup.</def>

<h1>Puppyhood</h1>
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<hw>Pup"py*hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The time or state of being a puppy; the time of being young and undisciplined.</def>

<h1>Puppyish</h1>
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<hw>Pup"py*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a puppy.</def>

<h1>Puppyism</h1>
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<hw>Pup"py*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Extreme meanness, affectation, conceit, or impudence.</def>

<i>A. Chalmers.</i>

<h1>Pur</h1>
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<hw>Pur</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Purred</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Purring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of imitative origin; cf. Prov. G.  <ets>purren</ets>.]</ety> <def>To utter a low, murmuring, continued sound, as a cat does when pleased.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>purr</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pur</h1>
<Xpage=1164>

<hw>Pur</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To signify or express by purring.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Pur</h1>
<Xpage=1164>

<hw>Pur</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The low, murmuring sound made by a cat to express contentment or pleasure.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>purr</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Purana</h1>
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<hw>Pu*ra"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>pur\'be<?/</ets>, properly. old, ancient, fr. <ets>pur\'be</ets> formerly.]</ety> <def>One of a class of sacred Hindoo poetical works in the Sanskrit language which treat of the creation, destruction, and renovation of worlds, the genealogy and achievements of gods and heroes, the reigns of the Manus, and the transactions of their descendants. The principal Puranas are eighteen in number, and there are the same number of supplementary books called <i>Upa Puranas</i>.</def>

<h1>Puranic</h1>
<Xpage=1164>

<hw>Pu*ran"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to the Puranas.</def>

<h1>Purbeck beds</h1>
<Xpage=1164>

<hw>Pur"beck beds`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[So called from the Isle of <ets>Purbeck</ets> in England.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The strata of the Purbeck stone, or Purbeck limestone, belonging to the O\'94litic group. See the <i>Chart</i> of <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Purbeck stone</h1>
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<hw>Pur"beck stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A limestone from the Isle of Purbeck in England.</def>

<h1>Purblind</h1>
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<hw>Pur"blind`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>pure-blind</ets>, i. e., wholly blind. See <er>Pure</er>, and cf. <er>Poreblind</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wholly blind.</def> "<i>Purblind</i> Argus, all eyes and no sight."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Nearsighted, or dim-sighted; seeing obscurely; <as>as, a <ex>purblind</ex> eye; a <ex>purblind</ex> mole.</as></def>

<blockquote>The saints have not so sharp eyes to see down from heaven; they be <b>purblind</b>and sand-blind.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O <b>purblind</b> race of miserable men.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pur"blind`ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Pur"blind`ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Purcelane</h1>
<Xpage=1164>

<hw>Purce"lane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Purslane.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Purchasable</h1>
<Xpage=1164>

<hw>Pur"chas*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being bought, purchased, or obtained for a consideration; hence, venal; corrupt.</def>

<blockquote>Money being the counterbalance to all things <b>purchasable</b> by it, as much as you take off from the value of money, so much you add to the price of things exchanged.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Purchase</h1>
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<hw>Pur"chase</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Purchased</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Purchasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>purchasen</ets>, <ets>porchacen</ets>, OF. <ets>porchacier</ets>, <ets>purchacier</ets>, to pursue, to seek eagerly, F. <ets>pourchasser</ets>; OF. <ets>pour</ets>, <ets>por</ets>, <ets>pur</ets>, for (L. <ets>pro</ets>) + <ets>chacier</ets> to pursue, to chase. See <er>Chase</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pursue and obtain; to acquire by seeking; to gain, obtain, or acquire.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>That loves the thing he can not <b>purchase</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Your accent is Something finer than you could <b>purchase</b> in so removed a dwelling.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His faults . . . hereditary
Rather than <b>purchased</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To obtain by paying money or its equivalent; to buy for a price; <as>as, to <ex>purchase</ex> land, or a house</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The field which Abraham <b>purchased</b> of the sons of Heth.
<i>Gen. xxv. 10.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To obtain by any outlay, as of labor, danger, or sacrifice, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>purchase</ex> favor with flattery</as>.</def>

<blockquote>One poor retiring minute . . .
Would <b>purchase</b> thee a thousand thousand friends.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A world who would not <b>purchase</b> with a bruise?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To expiate by a fine or forfeit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Not tears nor prayers shall <b>purchase</b> out abuses.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To acquire by any means except descent or inheritance.</def> <i>Blackstone</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To buy for a price.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To apply to (anything) a device for obtaining a mechanical advantage; to get a purchase upon, or apply a purchase to; <as>as, to <ex>purchase</ex> a cannon</as>.</def>

<h1>Purchase</h1>
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<hw>Pur"chase</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put forth effort to obtain anything; to strive; to exert one's self.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Duke John of Brabant <b>purchased</b> greatly that the Earl of Flanders should have his daughter in marriage.
<i>Ld. Berners.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To acquire wealth or property.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sure our lawyers
Would not <b>purchase</b> half so fast.
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Purchase</h1>
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<hw>Pur"chase</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>purchds</ets>, F. <ets>pourchas</ets> eager pursuit. See <er>Purchase</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of seeking, getting, or obtaining anything.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I'll . . . get meat to have thee,
Or lose my life in the <b>purchase</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of seeking and acquiring property.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The acquisition of title to, or properly in, anything for a price; buying for money or its equivalent.</def>

<blockquote>It is foolish to lay out money in the <b>purchase</b> of repentance.
<i>Franklin.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is obtained, got, or acquired, in any manner, honestly or dishonestly; property; possession; acquisition.</def>

<i>Chaucer. B. Jonson.</i>

<blockquote>We met with little <b>purchase</b> upon this coast, except two small vessels of Golconda.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A beauty-waning and distressed widow . . .
Made prize and <b>purchase</b> of his lustful eye.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which is obtained for a price in money or its equivalent.</def> "The scrip was complete evidence of his right in the <i>purchase</i>."

<i>Wheaton.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Any mechanical hold, or advantage, applied to the raising or removing of heavy bodies, as by a lever, a tackle, capstan, and the like; also, the apparatus, tackle, or device by which the advantage is gained.</def>

<blockquote>A politician, to do great things, looks for a power -- what our workmen call a <b>purchase</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Acquisition of lands or tenements by other means than descent or inheritance, namely, by one's own act or agreement.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><col>Purchase criminal</col>, <cd>robbery. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Spenser</i>.</cd> -- <col>Purchase money</col>, <cd>the money paid, or contracted to be paid, for anything bought. <i>Berkeley</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Worth, &or; At</col>, <col>[so many] years' purchase</col></mcol>, <cd>a phrase by which the value or cost of a thing is expressed in the length of time required for the income to amount to the purchasing price; as, he bought the estate at a twenty years' purchase. To say one's life is not <i>worth a day's purchase<i> in the same as saying one will not live a day, or is in imminent peril.</cd></cs>

<h1>Purchaser</h1>
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<hw>Pur"chas*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who purchases; one who acquires property for a consideration, generally of money; a buyer; a vendee.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who acquires an estate in lands by his own act or agreement, or who takes or obtains an estate by any means other than by descent or inheritance.</def>

<h1>Purdah</h1>
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<hw>Pur"dah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>parda</ets> a curtain.]</ety> <def>A curtain or screen; also, a cotton fabric in blue and white stripes, used for curtains.</def>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<h1>Pure</h1>
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<hw>Pure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Purer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Purest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>pur</ets>, F. <ets>pur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>purus</ets>; akin to <ets>putus</ets> pure, clear, <ets>putare</ets> to clean, trim, prune, set in order, settle, reckon, consider, think, Skr. <ets>p<?/</ets> to clean, and perh. E. <ets>fire</ets>. Cf. <er>Putative</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Separate from all heterogeneous or extraneous matter; free from mixture or combination; clean; mere; simple; unmixed; <as>as, <ex>pure</ex> water; <ex>pure</ex> clay; <ex>pure</ex> air; <ex>pure</ex> compassion.</as></def>

<blockquote>The <b>pure</b> fetters on his shins great.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A guinea is <b>pure</b> gold if it has in it no alloy.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free from moral defilement or quilt; hence, innocent; guileless; chaste; -- applied to persons.</def> "Keep thyself <i>pure</i>."

<i>1 Tim. v. 22.</i>

<blockquote>Now the end of the commandment is charity out of a <b>pure</b> heart, and of a good conscience.
<i>1 Tim. i. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Free from that which harms, vitiates, weakens, or pollutes; genuine; real; perfect; -- applied to things and actions.</def> "<i>Pure</i> religion and impartial laws." <i>Tickell</i>. "The <i>pure</i>, fine talk of Rome." <i>Ascham</i>.

<blockquote>Such was the origin of a friendship as warm and <b>pure</b> as any that ancient or modern history records.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>Ritually clean; fitted for holy services.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt set them in two rows, six on a row, upon the <b>pure</b> table before the Lord.
<i>Lev. xxiv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>Of a single, simple sound or tone; -- said of some vowels and the unaspirated consonants.</def>

<cs><col>Pure-impure</col>, <cd>completely or totally impure. "The inhabitants were <i>pure-impure<i> pagans." <i>Fuller</i>.</cd> -- <col>Pure blue</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Methylene blue</cref>, under <er>Methylene</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pure chemistry</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chemistry</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pure mathematics</col>, <cd>that portion of mathematics which treats of the principles of the science, or contradistinction to <i>applied mathematics</i>, which treats of the application of the principles to the investigation of other branches of knowledge, or to the practical wants of life.</cd> See <er>Mathematics</er>. <i>Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. )</i> -- <col>Pure villenage</col> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld>, <cd>a tenure of lands by uncertain services at the will of the lord. <i>Blackstone</i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Unmixed; clear; simple; real; true; genuine; unadulterated; uncorrupted; unsullied; untarnished; unstained; stainless; clean; fair; unspotted; spotless; incorrupt; chaste; unpolluted; undefiled; immaculate; innocent; guiltless; guileless; holy.</syn>

<h1>Pured</h1>
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<hw>Pured</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Purified; refined.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Bread of <i>pured</i> wheat."  "<i>Pured</i> gold."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pur\'82e</h1>
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<hw>Pu`r\'82e"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A dish made by boiling any article of food to a pulp and rubbing it through a sieve; <as>as, a <ex>pur\'82e</ex> of fish, or of potatoes</as>; especially, a soup the thickening of which is so treated.</def>

<h1>Purely</h1>
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<hw>Pure"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a pure manner (in any sense of the adjective).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Nicely; prettily.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Pureness</h1>
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<hw>Pure"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being pure (in any sense of the adjective).</def>

<h1>Purfile</h1>
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<hw>Pur"file</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Purfle</er>.]</ety> <def>A sort of ancient trimming of tinsel and thread for women's gowns; -- called also <altname>bobbinwork</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Purfle</h1>
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<hw>Pur"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pourfiler</ets>; <ets>pour</ets> for + <ets>fil</ets> a thread, L. <ets>filum</ets>. See <er>Profile</er>, and cf. <er>Purl</er> a border.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To decorate with a wrought or flowered border; to embroider; to ornament with metallic threads; <as>as, to <ex>purfle</ex> with blue and white</as>.</def>

<i>P. Plowman.</i>

<blockquote>A goodly lady clad in scarlet red,
<b>Purfled</b> with gold and pearl of rich assay.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>To ornament with a bordure of emines, furs, and the like; also, with gold studs or mountings.</def>

<h1>Purfle, Purflew</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pur"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pur"flew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hem, border., or trimming, as of embroidered work.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A border of any heraldic fur.</def>

<h1>Purfled</h1>
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<hw>Pur"fled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ornamented; decorated; esp., embroidered on the edges.</def>

<cs><col>Purfled work</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>delicate tracery, especially in Gothic architecture.</cd></cs>

<h1>Purfling</h1>
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<hw>Pur"fling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ornamentation on the border of a thing; specifically, the inlaid border of a musical instrument, as a violin.</def>

<h1>Purgament</h1>
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<hw>Pur"ga*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>purgamentum</ets> offscourings, washings, expiatory sacrifice. See <er>Purge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is excreted; excretion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cathartic; a purgative.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Purgation</h1>
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<hw>Pur*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>purgatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>purgation</ets>. See <er>Purge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of purging; the act of clearing, cleansing, or putifying, by separating and carrying off impurities, or whatever is superfluous; the evacuation of the bowels.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The clearing of one's self from a crime of which one was publicly suspected and accused. It was either <i>canonical</i>, which was prescribed by the canon law, the form whereof used in the spiritual court was, that the person suspected take his oath that he was clear of the matter objected against him, and bring his honest neighbors with him to make oath that they believes he swore truly; or <i>vulgar</i>, which was by fire or water ordeal, or by combat. See <er>Ordeal</er>.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<blockquote>Let him put me to my <b>purgation</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Purgative</h1>
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<hw>Pur"ga*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>purgativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>purgatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the power or quality of purging; cathartic.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A purging medicine; a cathartic.</def></def2>

<h1>Purgatively</h1>
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<hw>Pur"ga*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a purgative manner.</def>

<h1>Purgatorial, Purgatorian</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pur`ga*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pur`ga*to"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to purgatory; expiatory.</def>

<h1>Purgatorian</h1>
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<hw>Pur`ga*to"ri*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who holds to the doctrine of purgatory.</def>

<i>Boswell.</i>

<h1>Purgatory</h1>
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<hw>Pur"ga*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>purgatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to cleanse; cleansing; expiatory.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Purgatory</h1>
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<hw>Pur"ga*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>purgatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>A state or place of purification after death; according to the Roman Catholic creed, a place, or a state believed to exist after death, in which the souls of persons are purified by expiating such offenses committed in this life as do not merit eternal damnation, or in which they fully satisfy the justice of God for sins that have been forgiven. After this purgation from the impurities of sin, the souls are believed to be received into heaven.</def>

<h1>Purge</h1>
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<hw>Purge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Purged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Purging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>purger</ets>, L. <ets>purgare</ets>; <ets>purus</ets> pure + <ets>agere</ets> to make, to do. See <er>Pure</er>, and <er>Agent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cleanse, clear, or purify by separating and carrying off whatever is impure, heterogeneous, foreign, or superfluous.</def> "Till fire <i>purge</i> all things new."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To operate on as, or by means of, a cathartic medicine, or in a similar manner.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To clarify; to defecate, as liquors.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To clear of sediment, as a boiler, or of air, as a steam pipe, by driving off or permitting escape.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To clear from guilt, or from moral or ceremonial defilement; <as>as, to <ex>purge</ex> one of guilt or crime</as>.</def>

<blockquote>When that he hath <b>purged</b> you from sin.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Purge</b> me with hyssop, and I shall be clean.
<i>Ps. li. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To clear from accusation, or the charge of a crime or misdemeanor, as by oath or in ordeal.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To remove in cleansing; to deterge; to wash away; -- often followed by <i>away</i>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Purge</b> away our sins, for thy name's sake.
<i>Ps. lxxix. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We 'll join our cares to <b>purge</b> away
Our country's crimes.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Purge</h1>
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<hw>Purge</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become pure, as by clarification.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have or produce frequent evacuations from the intestines, as by means of a cathartic.</def>

<h1>Purge</h1>
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<hw>Purge</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>purge</ets>. See <er>Purge</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of purging.</def>

<blockquote>The preparative for the <b>purge</b> of paganism of the kingdom of Northumberland.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which purges; especially, a medicine that evacuates the intestines; a cathartic.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Purger</h1>
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<hw>Pur"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, purges or cleanses; especially, a cathartic medicine.</def>

<h1>Purgery</h1>
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<hw>Pur"ger*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The part of a sugarhouse where the molasses is drained off from the sugar.</def>

<h1>Purging</h1>
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<hw>Pur"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That purges; cleansing.</def>

<cs><col>Purging flax</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an annual European plant of the genus <spn>Linum</spn> (<spn>L. catharticum</spn>); dwarf wild flax; -- so called from its use as a cathartic medicine.</cd></cs>

<h1>Purging</h1>
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<hw>Pur"ging</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act of cleansing; excessive evacuations; especially, diarrhea.</def>

<h1>Puri</h1>
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<hw>Pur"i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Euxanthin</er>.</def>

<h1>Purification</h1>
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<hw>Pu`ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>purification</ets>, L. <ets>purificatio</ets>. See <er>Purify</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of purifying; the act or operation of separating and removing from anything that which is impure or noxious, or heterogeneous or foreign to it; <as>as, the <ex>purification</ex> of liquors, or of metals</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or operation of cleansing ceremonially, by removing any pollution or defilement.</def>

<blockquote>When the days of her <b>purification</b> according to the law of Moses were accomplished.
<i>Luke ii. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A cleansing from guilt or the pollution of sin; the extinction of sinful desires, appetites, and inclinations.</def>

<h1>Purificative</h1>
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<hw>Pu"ri*fi*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>purificatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having power to purify; tending to cleanse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Purificator</h1>
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<hw>Pu"ri*fi*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, purifies; a purifier.</def>

<h1>Purrificatory</h1>
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<hw>Pur*rif"i*ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>purificatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving or tending to purify; purificative.</def>

<h1>Purifier</h1>
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<hw>Pu"ri*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, purifies or cleanses; a cleanser; a refiner.</def>

<hr>
<page="1165">
Page 1165<p>

<h1>Puriform</h1>
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<hw>Pu"ri*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pus</ets>, <ets>puris</ets>, pus + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>puriforme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>In the form of pus.</def>

<h1>Purify</h1>
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<hw>Pu"ri*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Purified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Purifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.<ets>purifier</ets>, L. <ets>purificare</ets>; <ets>purus</ets> pure + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>Pure</er>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make pure or clear from material defilement, admixture, or imperfection; to free from extraneous or noxious matter; <as>as, to <ex>purify</ex> liquors or metals; to <ex>purify</ex> the blood; to <ex>purify</ex> the air.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, in figurative uses: <sd>(a)</sd> To free from guilt or moral defilement; <as>as, to <ex>purify</ex> the heart</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And fit them so
<b>Purified</b> to receive him pure.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To free from ceremonial or legal defilement</def>.

<blockquote>And Moses took the blood, and put it upon the horns of the altar, . . . and <b>purified</b> the altar.
<i>Lev. viii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Purify</b> both yourselves and your captives.
<i> Num. xxxi. 19.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To free from improprieties or barbarisms; <as>as, to <ex>purify</ex> a language</as></def>.

<i>Sprat.</i>

<h1>Purify</h1>
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<hw>Pu"ri*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow or become pure or clear.</def>

<h1>Purim</h1>
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<hw>Pu"rim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>p&umac;r</ets>, pl. <ets>p&umac;r&imac;m</ets>, a lot.]</ety> <def>A Jewish festival, called also the Feast of Lots, instituted to commemorate the deliverance of the Jews from the machinations of Haman.</def>

<i>Esther ix. 26.</i>

<h1>Purism</h1>
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<hw>Pur"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>purisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rigid purity; the quality of being affectedly pure or nice, especially in the choice of language; over-solicitude as to purity.</def> "His political <i>purism</i>."

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<blockquote>The English language, however, . . . had even already become too thoroughly and essentially a mixed tongue for his doctrine of <b>purism</b> to be admitted to the letter.
<i>Craik.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Purist</h1>
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<hw>Pur"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>puriste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who aims at excessive purity or nicety, esp. in the choice of language.</def>

<blockquote>He [Fox] . . . purified vocabulary with a scrupulosity unknown to any <b>purist</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who maintains that the New Testament was written in pure Greek.</def>

<i>M. Stuart.</i>

<h1>Puristic, Puristical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pu*ris"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pu*ris"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to purists or purism.</def>

<h1>Puritan</h1>
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<hw>Pu"ri*tan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Purity</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who, in the time of Queen Elizabeth and the first two Stuarts, opposed traditional and formal usages, and advocated simpler forms of faith and worship than those established by law; -- originally, a term of reproach. The Puritans formed the bulk of the early population of New England.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>Puritans</i> were afterward distinguished as <i>Political Puritans</i>, <i>Doctrinal Puritans</i>, and <i>Puritans in Discipline</i>.</note>

<i>Hume.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is scrupulous and strict in his religious life; -- often used reproachfully or in contempt; one who has overstrict notions.</def>

<blockquote>She would make a <b>puritan</b> of the devil.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Puritan</h1>
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<hw>Pu"ri*tan</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Puritans; resembling, or characteristic of, the Puritans.</def>

<h1>Puritanic, Puritanical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pu`ri*tan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pu`ri*tan"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the Puritans, or to their doctrines and practice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Precise in observance of legal or religious requirements; strict; overscrupulous; rigid; -- often used by way of reproach or contempt.</def>

<blockquote><b>Paritanical</b> circles, from which plays and novels were strictly excluded.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He had all the <b>puritanic</b> traits, both good and evil.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Puritanically</h1>
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<hw>Pu`ri*tan"ic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a puritanical manner.</def>

<h1>Puritanism</h1>
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<hw>Pu"ri*tan*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrines, notions, or practice of Puritans.</def>

<h1>Puritanize</h1>
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<hw>Pu"ri*tan*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Puritanized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Puritanizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To agree with, or teach, the doctrines of Puritans; to conform to the practice of Puritans.</def>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Purity</h1>
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<hw>Pu"ri*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>purete</ets>, <ets>purte</ets>, OF. <ets>purt\'82</ets>, F. <ets>puret\'82</ets>, from L. <ets>puritas</ets>, fr. <ets>purus</ets> pure. See <er>Pure</er>.]</ety> <def>The condition of being pure.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>freedom from foreign admixture or deleterious matter; <as>as, the <ex>purity</ex> of water, of wine, of drugs, of metals</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Cleanness; freedom from foulness or dirt.</def> "The <i>purity</i> of a linen vesture." <i>Holyday</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Freedom from guilt or the defilement of sin; innocence; chastity; <as>as, <ex>purity</ex> of heart or of life</as>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Freedom from any sinister or improper motives or views.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Freedom from foreign idioms, or from barbarous or improper words or phrases; <as>as, <ex>purity</ex> of style</as>.</def>

<h1>Purkinje's cells</h1>
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<hw>Pur"kin*je's cells`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From J. E. <ets>Purkinje</ets>, their discoverer.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Large ganglion cells forming a layer near the surface of the cerebellum.</def>

<h1>Purl</h1>
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<hw>Purl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>purfile</ets>, <ets>purfle</ets>. See <er>Purfle</er>.]</ety> <def>To decorate with fringe or embroidery.</def> "Nature's cradle more enchased and <i>purled</i>."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Purl</h1>
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<hw>Purl</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An embroidered and puckered border; a hem or fringe, often of gold or silver twist; also, a pleat or fold, as of a band.</def>

<blockquote>A triumphant chariot made of carnation velvet, enriched with<b>purl</b> and pearl.
<i>Sir P. Sidney</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An inversion of stitches in knitting, which gives to the work a ribbed or waved appearance.</def>

<cs><col>Purl stitch</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Purl</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</cd></cs>

<h1>Purl</h1>
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<hw>Purl</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Purled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Purling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>porla</ets>, and E. <ets>pur</ets> to murmur as a cat.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To run swiftly round, as a small stream flowing among stones or other obstructions; to eddy; also, to make a murmuring sound, as water does in running over or through obstructions.</def>

<blockquote>Swift o'er the rolling pebbles, down the hills,
Louder and louder <b>purl</b> the falling rills.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Perh. fr. F. <ets>perler</ets> to pearl, to bead. See <er>Pearl</er>, <tt>v. & n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To rise in circles, ripples, or undulations; to curl; to mantle.</def>

<blockquote>thin winding breath which <b>purled</b> up to the sky.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Purl</h1>
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<hw>Purl</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 3d <er>Purl</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A circle made by the notion of a fluid; an eddy; a ripple.</def>

<blockquote>Whose stream an easy breath doth seem to blow,
Which on the sparkling gravel runs in <b>purles</b>,
As though the waves had been of silver curls.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A gentle murmur, as that produced by the running of a liquid among obstructions; <as>as, the <ex>purl</ex> of a brook</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Perh. from F.<ets>perler</ets>, v.  See <er>Purl</er>  to mantle.]</ety> <def>Malt liquor, medicated or spiced; formerly, ale or beer in which wormwood or other bitter herbs had been infused, and which was regarded as tonic; at present, hot beer mixed with gin, sugar, and spices.</def>  "Drank a glass of <i>purl</i> to recover appetite." <i>Addison</i>. "Drinking hot <i>purl</i>, and smoking pipes." <i>Dickens</i>.

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tern.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Purlieu</h1>
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<hw>Pur"lieu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corrupted (by influence of <ets>lieu</ets> place) fr. OF. <ets>pural\'82e</ets>, <ets>poral\'82e</ets> (equiv. to LL. <ets>perambulatio</ets> a survey of boundaries, originally, a going through); <ets>por</ets> (L. <ets>pro</ets>, confused, however, with L. <ets>per</ets> through) + <ets>al\'82e</ets>. See <er>Pro-</er>, and <er>Alley</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pourlieu</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Originally, the ground near a royal forest, which, having been unlawfully added to the forest, was afterwards severed from it, and disafforested so as to remit to the former owners their rights.</def>

<blockquote>Then as a tiger, who by chance hath spied
In some <b>purlieu</b> two gentle fawns at play.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, the outer portion of any place; an adjacent district; environs; neighborhood.</def> "The <i>purlieus</i> of St. James."

<blockquote>brokers had been incessantly plying for custom in the <b>purlieus</b> of the court.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Purlin, Purline</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pur"lin</hw>, <hw>Pur"line</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>In root construction, a horizontal member supported on the principals and supporting the common rafters.</def>

<h1>Purling</h1>
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<hw>Purl"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 3d <er>Purl</er>.]</ety> <def>The motion of a small stream running among obstructions; also, the murmur it makes in so doing.</def>

<h1>Purloin</h1>
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<hw>Pur*loin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Purloined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Purloining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>purloignier</ets>, <ets>porloignier</ets>, to retard, delay; <ets>pur</ets>, <ets>por</ets>, <ets>pour</ets>, for (L. <ets>pro</ets>) + <ets>loin</ets> far, far off (L. <ets>longe</ets>). See <er>Prolong</er>, and cf. <er>Eloign</er>.]</ety> <def>To take or carry away for one's self; hence, to steal; to take by theft; to filch.</def>

<blockquote>Had from his wakeful custody <b>purloined</b>
The guarded gold.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>when did the muse from Fletcher scenes <b>purloin</b> ?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Purloin</h1>
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<hw>Pur*loin"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To practice theft; to steal.</def>

<i>Titus ii. 10.</i>

<h1>Purloiner</h1>
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<hw>Pur*loin"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who purloins.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Purparty</h1>
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<hw>Pur"par`ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pourpartie</ets>; <ets>pour</ets> for + <ets>partie</ets> a part; cf. OF. <ets>purpart</ets> a respective part.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A share, part, or portion of an estate allotted to a coparcener.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>purpart</asp>, and <asp>pourparty</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>I am forced to eat all the game of your <b>purparties</b>, as well as my own thirds.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Purple</h1>
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<hw>Pur"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Purples</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>purpre</ets>, <ets>pourpre</ets>, OF. <ets>purpre</ets>, <ets>porpre</ets>, <ets>pourpre</ets>, F. <ets>pourpre</ets>, L. <ets>purpura</ets> purple fish, purple dye, fr. Gr. <?/ the purple fish, a shell from the purple dye was obtained, purple dye; cf. <?/ dark (said of the sea), purple, <?/ to grow dark (said of the sea), to be troubled; perh. akin to L. <ets>furere</ets> to rage, E. <ets>fury</ets>: cf. AS. <ets>purpure</ets>. Cf. <er>Porphyry</er>, <er>Purpure</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A color formed by, or resembling that formed by, a combination of the primary colors red and blue.</def>

<blockquote>Arraying with reflected <b>purple</b> and gold
The clouds that on his western throne attend.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The ancient words which are translated <i>purple</i> are supposed to have been used for the color we call <i>crimson</i>. In the gradations of color as defined in art, <i>purple</i> is a mixture of red and blue. When red predominates it is called <i>violet</i>, and when blue predominates, <i>hyacinth</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cloth dyed a purple color, or a garment of such color; especially, a purple robe, worn as an emblem of rank or authority; specifically, the purple rode or mantle worn by Roman emperors as the emblem of imperial dignity; <as>as, to put on the imperial <ex>purple</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined linen, and <b>purple</b>, and scarlet.
<i>Ex. xxvi. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: Imperial sovereignty; royal rank, dignity, or favor; loosely and colloquially, any exalted station; great wealth.</def> "He was born in the <i>purple</i>."

<i>Gibbon.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A cardinalate. See <er>Cardinal</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of large butterflies, usually marked with purple or blue, of the genus <spn>Basilarchia</spn> (formerly <spn>Limenitis</spn>) <as>as, the banded <ex>purple</ex> (<spn>B. arthemis</spn>).</as> See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Ursula</er>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any shell of the genus Purpura.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf><fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Purpura</er>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A disease of wheat. Same as <er>Earcockle</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Purple</i> is sometimes used in composition, esp. with participles forming words of obvious signification; as, <i>purple</i>-colored, <i>purple</i>-hued, <i>purple</i>-stained, <i>purple</i>-tinged, <i>purple</i>-tinted, and the like.</note>

<cs><col>French purple</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Cudbear</er>.</cd> -- <col>Purple of Cassius</col>. <cd>See <er>Cassius</er>.</cd> -- <col>Purple of mollusca</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a coloring matter derived from certain mollusks, which dyes wool, etc., of a purple or crimson color, and is supposed to be the substance of the famous Tyrian dye. It is obtained from Ianthina, and from several species of Purpura, and Murex.</cd> -- <col>To be born in the purple</col>, <cd>to be of princely birth; to be highborn.</cd></cs>

<h1>Purple</h1>
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<hw>Pur"ple</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exhibiting or possessing the color called purple, much esteemed for its richness and beauty; of a deep red, or red and blue color; <as>as, a <ex>purple</ex> robe</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Imperial; regal; -- so called from the color having been an emblem of imperial authority.</def>

<blockquote>Hide in the dust thy <b>purple</b> pride.
<i>Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Blood-red; bloody.</def>

<blockquote>May such <b>purple</b> tears be alway shed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I view a field of blood,
And Tiber rolling with a <b>purple</b> blood.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Purple bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European purple gallinule. See under <er>Gallinule</er>.</cd> -- <col>Purple copper ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Bornite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Purple grackle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the crow blackbird. See under <er>Crow</er>.</cd> -- <col>Purple martin</col>. <cd>See under <er>Martin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Purple sandpiper</col>. <cd>See under <er>Sandpiper</er>.</cd> -- <col>Purple shell</col>. <cd>See <er>Ianthina</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Purple</h1>
<Xpage=1165>

<hw>Pur"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Purpled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Purpling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make purple; to dye of purple or deep red color; <as>as, hands <ex>purpled</ex> with blood</as>.</def>

<blockquote>When morn
<b>Purples</b> the east.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Reclining soft in blissful bowers,
<b>Purpled</b> sweet with springing flowers.
<i> Fenton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Purpleheart</h1>
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<hw>Pur"ple*heart`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A strong, durable, and elastic wood of a purplish color, obtained from several tropical American leguminous trees of the genus <spn>Copaifera</spn> (<spn>C. pubiflora, bracteata, &and; officinalis</spn>). Used for decorative veneering. See <er>Copaiba</er>.</def>

<h1>Purplewood</h1>
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<hw>Pur"ple*wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Purpleheart</er>.</def>

<h1>Purplish</h1>
<Xpage=1165>

<hw>Pur"plish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat purple.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Purport</h1>
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<hw>Pur"port</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>purport</ets>; <ets>pur</ets>, <ets>pour</ets>, for (L. <ets>pro</ets>) + <ets>porter</ets> to bear, carry. See <er>Port</er> demeanor.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Design or tendency; meaning; import; tenor.</def>

<blockquote>The whole scope and <b>purport</b> of that dialogue. <b>Norris</b>.
With a look so piteous in <b>purport</b>
As if he had been loosed out of hell.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Disguise; covering.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For she her sex under that strange <b>purport</b>
Did use to hide.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Purport</h1>
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<hw>Pur"port</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Purported</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Purporting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>purporter</ets>, <ets>pourporter</ets>. See <er>Purport</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <def>To intend to show; to intend; to mean; to signify; to import; -- often with an object clause or infinitive.</def>

<blockquote>They in most grave and solemn wise unfolded
Matter which little <b>purported</b>.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Purportless</h1>
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<hw>Pur"port*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without purport or meaning.</def>

<h1>Purpose</h1>
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<hw>Pur"pose</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>purpos</ets>, <ets>pourpos</ets>, <ets>propos</ets>, L. <ets>propositum</ets>. See <er>Propound</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which a person sets before himself as an object to be reached or accomplished; the end or aim to which the view is directed in any plan, measure, or exertion; view; aim; design; intention; plan.</def>

<blockquote>He will his firste <b>purpos</b> modify.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As my eternal <b>purpose</b> hath decreed.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The flighty <b>purpose</b> never is o'ertook
Unless the deed go with it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Proposal to another; discourse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Instance; example.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>In purpose</col>, <col>Of purpose</col>, <col>On purpose</col></mcol>, <cd>with previous design; with the mind directed to that object; intentionally. <i>On purpose<i> is the form now generally used.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- design; end; intention; aim. See <er>Design</er>.</syn>

<h1>Purpose</h1>
<Xpage=1165>

<hw>Pur"pose</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Purposed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Purposing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>purposer</ets>, <ets>proposer</ets>. See <er>Propose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set forth; to bring forward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To propose, as an aim, to one's self; to determine upon, as some end or object to be accomplished; to intend; to design; to resolve; -- often followed by an infinitive or dependent clause.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Did nothing <b>purpose</b> against the state.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>purpose</b> to write the history of England from the accession of King James the Second down to a time which is within the memory of men still living.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Purpose</h1>
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<hw>Pur"pose</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To have a purpose or intention; to discourse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Purposedly</h1>
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<hw>Pur"posed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a purposed manner; according to purpose or design; purposely.</def>

<blockquote>A poem composed <b>purposedly</b> of the Trojan war. <b>Holland</b>.

<h1>Purposeful</h1>
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<hw>Pur"pose*ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Important; material.</def> "Purposeful accounts." <i>Tylor</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Pur"pose*ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Purposeless</h1>
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<hw>Pur"pose*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no purpose or result; objectless.</def> <i>Bp. Hall</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Pur"pose*less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Purposely</h1>
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<hw>Pur"pose*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With purpose or design; intentionally; with predetermination; designedly.</def>

<blockquote>In composing this discourse, I <b>purposely</b> declined all offensive and displeasing truths.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So much they scorn the crowd, that if the throng
By chance go right, they <b>purposely go</b> wrong.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Purposer</h1>
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<hw>Pur"pos*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who brings forward or proposes anything; a proposer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who forms a purpose; one who intends.</def>

<h1>Purposive</h1>
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<hw>Pur"po*sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having or indicating purpose or design.</def> "<i>Purposive</i> characters."

<i>Bastian.</i>

<blockquote><b>Purposive</b> modification of structure in a bone.
<i>Owen.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is impossible that the frog should perform actions more<b>purposive</b> than these.
<i>Huxley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Purpre</h1>
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<hw>Pur"pre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & a.</tt> <def>Purple.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Purpresture</h1>
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<hw>Pur*pres"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Probably corrupted (see <er>Prest</er>) fr. OF. <ets>pourprisure</ets>, fr. <ets>pourprendre</ets>: cf. LL. <ets>purprestura</ets>. Cf. <er>Purprise</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Wrongful encroachment upon another's property; esp., any encroachment upon, or inclosure of, that which should be common or public, as highways, rivers, harbors, forts, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pourpresture</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Purprise</h1>
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<hw>Pur"prise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pourpris</ets>,fr. <ets>pourprendre</ets> to take away entirely; <ets>pour</ets> for + <ets>prendre</ets> to take.]</ety> <def>A close or inclosure; the compass of a manor.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Purpura</h1>
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<hw>Pur"pu*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., purple, purple fish: cf. F. <ets>purpura</ets>. See <er>Purple</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease characterized by livid spots on the skin from extravasated blood, with loss of muscular strength, pain in the limbs, and mental dejection; the purples.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine gastropods, usually having a rough and thick shell. Some species yield a purple dye.</def>

<h1>Purpurate</h1>
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<hw>Pur"pu*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to purpura.</def>

<h1>Purpurate</h1>
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<hw>Pur"pu*rate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of purpuric acid.</def>

<h1>Purpure</h1>
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<hw>Pur"pure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>purpura</ets> purple. See <er>Purple</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Purple, -- represented in engraving by diagonal lines declining from the right top to the left base of the escutcheon (or from sinister chief to dexter base).</def>

<h1>Purpureal</h1>
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<hw>Pur*pu"re*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a purple color; purple.</def>

<h1>Purpureo-</h1>
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<hw>Pur*pu"re*o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form signifying <i>of a purple</i> or <i>purple-red color</i>. Specif. <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, used in designating certain brilliant <i>purple-red</i> compounds of cobaltic chloride and ammonia, similar to the roseocobaltic compounds. See <er>Cobaltic</er>.
</def>

<hr>
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Page 1166<p>

<h1>Purpuric</h1>
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<hw>Pur*pu"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>purpurique</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to purpura.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to or designating, a nitrogenous acid contained in uric acid. It is not known in the pure state, but forms well-known purple-red compounds (as murexide), whence its name.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Purpuric acid</i> was formerly used to designate murexan. See <er>Murexan</er>.</note>

<h1>Pyrpurin</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"pu*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A dyestuff resembling alizarin, found in madder root, and extracted as an orange or red crystalline substance.</def>

<h1>Pyrpuriparous</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`pu*rip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>purpura</ets> purple + <ets>parere</ets> to produce.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Producing, or connected with, a purple-colored secretion; <as>as, the <ex>purpuriparous</ex> gland of certain gastropods</as>.</def>

<h1>Purpurogenous</h1>
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<hw>Pur`pu*rog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>purpura</ets> purple + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having the power to produce a purple color; <as>as, the <ex>purpurogenous</ex> membrane, or choroidal epithelium, of the eye</as>. See <cref>Visual purple</cref>, under <er>Visual</er>.</def>

<h1>Purr</h1>
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<hw>Purr</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To murmur as a cat. See <er>Pur</er>.</def>

<h1>Purr</h1>
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<hw>Purr</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The low murmuring sound made by a cat; pur. See <er>Pur</er>.</def>

<h1>Purre</h1>
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<hw>Purre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dunlin.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Purree</h1>
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<hw>Pur"ree</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>peori</ets> yellow.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow coloring matter. See <er>Euxanthin</er>.</def>

<h1>Purrock</h1>
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<hw>Pur"rock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Puddock</er>, and <er>Parrock</er>.</def>

<h1>Purse</h1>
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<hw>Purse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>purs</ets>, <ets>pors</ets>, OF. <ets>burse</ets>, <ets>borse</ets>, <ets>bourse</ets>, F. <ets>bourse</ets>, LL. bursa, fr. Gr. <?/ hide, skin, leather. Cf. <er>Bourse</er>, <er>Bursch</er>, <er>Bursar</er>, <er>Buskin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small bag or pouch, the opening of which is made to draw together closely, used to carry money in; by extension, any receptacle for money carried on the person; a wallet; a pocketbook; a portemonnaie.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote> Who steals my <b>purse</b> steals trash.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, a treasury; finances; <as>as, the public <ex>purse</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A sum of money offered as a prize, or collected as a present; <as>as, to win the <ex>purse</ex>; to make up a <ex>purse</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A specific sum of money</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In Turkey, the sum of 500 piasters</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In Persia, the sum of 50 tomans.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Light purse</col>, &or; <col>Empty purse</col></mcol>, <cd>poverty or want of resources.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Long purse</col>, &or; <col>Heavy purse</col></mcol>, <cd>wealth; riches.</cd> -- <col>Purse crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any land crab of the genus <spn>Birgus</spn>, allied to the hermit crabs. They sometimes weigh twenty pounds or more, and are very strong, being able to crack cocoanuts with the large claw. They chiefly inhabit the tropical islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, living in holes and feeding upon fruit. Called also <altname>palm crab</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Purse net</col>, <cd>a fishing net, the mouth of which may be closed or drawn together like a purse.</cd> <i>Mortimer</i>. <col>Purse pride</col>, <cd>pride of money; insolence proceeding from the possession of wealth. <i>Bp. Hall</i>.</cd> -- <col>Purse rat</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Pocket gopher</cref>, under <er>Pocket</er>.</cd> -- <col>Sword and purse</col>, <cd>the military power and financial resources of a nation.</cd></cs>

<h1>Purse</h1>
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<hw>Purse</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pursed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pursing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put into a purse.</def>

<blockquote>I will go and <b>purse</b> the ducats straight.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw up or contract into folds or wrinkles, like the mouth of a purse; to pucker; to knit.</def>

<blockquote>Thou . . . didst contract and <b>purse</b> thy brow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Purse</h1>
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<hw>Purse</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To steal purses; to rob.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<blockquote>I'll <b>purse</b>: . . . I'll bet at bowling alleys.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Purseful</h1>
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<hw>Purse"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pursefuls</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>All that is, or can be, contained in a purse; enough to fill a purse.</def>

<h1>Purse-proud</h1>
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<hw>Purse"-proud`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affected with purse pride; puffed up with the possession of riches.</def>

<h1>Purser</h1>
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<hw>Purs"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Purse</er>, and cf. <er>Bursar</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A commissioned officer in the navy who had charge of the provisions, clothing, and public moneys on shipboard; -- now called <altname>paymaster</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A clerk on steam passenger vessels whose duty it is to keep the accounts of the vessels, such as the receipt of freight, tickets, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Colloquially, any paymaster or cashier.</def>

<cs><col>Purser's name</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a false name.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark></cs>

<h1>Pursership</h1>
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<hw>Purs"er*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of purser.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Purset</h1>
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<hw>Purs"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A purse or purse net.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Pursiness</h1>
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<hw>Pur"si*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being pursy.</def>

<h1>Pursive</h1>
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<hw>Pur"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pursy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Pursiveness</h1>
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<hw>Pur"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Pursiness.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<h1>Purslain</h1>
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<hw>Purs"lain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Purslane</er>.</def>

<h1>Purslane</h1>
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<hw>Purs"lane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>porcelaine</ets>, <ets>pourcelaine</ets> (cf. It. <ets>porcellana</ets>), corrupted fr. L. <ets>porcilaca</ets> for <ets>portulaca</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An annual plant (<spn>Portulaca oleracea</spn>), with fleshy, succulent, obovate leaves, sometimes used as a pot herb and for salads, garnishing, and pickling.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Flowering purslane</col>, &or; <col>Great flowered purslane</col></mcol>, <cd>the <cref>Portulaca grandiflora</cref>. See <er>Portulaca</er>.</cd> -- <col>Purslane tree</col>, <cd>a South African shrub (<cref>Portulacaria Afra</cref>) with many small opposite fleshy obovate leaves.</cd> -- <col>Sea purslane</col>, <cd>a seashore plant (<cref>Arenaria peploides</cref>) with crowded opposite fleshy leaves.</cd> -- <col>Water purslane</col>, <cd>an aquatic plant (<cref>Ludwiqia palustris</cref>) but slightly resembling purslane.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pursuable</h1>
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<hw>Pur*su"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being, or fit to be, pursued, followed, or prosecuted.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Pursual</h1>
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<hw>Pur*su"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of pursuit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pursuance</h1>
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<hw>Pur*su"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pursuant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of pursuing or prosecuting; a following out or after.</def>

<blockquote>Sermons are not like curious inquiries after new nothings, but <b>pursuances</b> of old truths.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being pursuant; consequence.</def>

<cs><col>In pursuance of</col>, <cd>in accordance with; in prosecution or fulfillment of.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pursuant</h1>
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<hw>Pur*su"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Pursue</er>: cf. OE. <ets>poursuiant</ets>. Cf. <er>Pursuivant</er>.]</ety> <def>Acting in consequence or in prosecution (of anything); hence, agreeable; conformable; following; according; -- with <i>to</i> or <i>of</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The conclusion which I draw from these premises, <b>pursuant</b> to the query laid down, is, etc.
<i>Waterland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pursuant, Pursuantly</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pur*su"ant</hw>, <hw>Pur*su"ant*ly</hw>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Agreeably; conformably.</def>

<h1>Pursue</h1>
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<hw>Pur*sue"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pursued</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pursuing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>pursuen</ets>, <ets>porsuen</ets>, OF. <ets>porsivre</ets>, <ets>poursuivre</ets>, <ets>poursuir</ets>, F. <ets>poursuivre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>prosequi</ets>; <ets>pro</ets> forward + <ets>sequi</ets> to follow. See <er>Sue</er>, and cf. <er>Prosecute</er>, <er>Pursuivant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To follow with a view to overtake; to follow eagerly, or with haste; to chase; <as>as, to <ex>pursue</ex> a hare</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We happiness <b>pursue</b>; we fly from pain.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The happiness of men lies in <b>purswing</b>,
Not in possessing.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To seek; to use or adopt measures to obtain; <as>as, to <ex>pursue</ex> a remedy at law</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The fame of ancient matrons you <b>pursue</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To proceed along, with a view to some and or object; to follow; to go in; <as>as, Captain Cook <ex>pursued</ex> a new route; the administration <ex>pursued</ex> a wise course.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To prosecute; to be engaged in; to continue.</def> " Insatiate to <i>pursue</i> vain war."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To follow as an example; to imitate.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To follow with enmity; to persecute; to call to account.</def>

<blockquote>The servant is not greater than his lord. If they have <b>pursued</b> me, they shall <b>pursue</b> you also.
<i>Wyclif (John xv. 20).</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To follow; chase; seek; persist. See <er>Follow</er>.</syn>

<h1>Pursue</h1>
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<hw>Pur*sue"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go in pursuit; to follow.</def>

<blockquote>The wicked flee when no man <b>pursueth</b>.
<i>Prov. xxviii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Men hotly <b>pursued</b> after the objects of their ambition.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To go on; to proceed, especially in argument or discourse; to continue.</def>

<note>[A Gallicism]</note>

<blockquote>I have, <b>pursues</b> Carneades, wondered chemists should not consider.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To follow a matter judicially, as a complaining party; to act as a prosecutor.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Pursuer</h1>
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<hw>Pur*su"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who pursues or chases; one who follows in haste, with a view to overtake.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. & Scots Law)</fld> <def>A plaintiff; a prosecutor.</def>

<h1>Pursuit</h1>
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<hw>Pur*suit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>poursuite</ets>, fr. <ets>poursuivre</ets>. See <er>Pursue</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of following or going after; esp., a following with haste, either for sport or in hostility; chase; prosecution; <as>as, the <ex>pursuit</ex> of game; the <ex>pursuit</ex> of an enemy.</as></def>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<blockquote>Weak we are, and can not shun <b>pursuit</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A following with a view to reach, accomplish, or obtain; endeavor to attain to or gain; <as>as, the <ex>pursuit</ex> of knowledge; the <ex>pursuit</ex> of happiness or pleasure.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Course of business or occupation; continued employment with a view to same end; <as>as, mercantile <ex>pursuits</ex>; a literary <ex>pursuit</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Prosecution.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That <b>pursuit</b> for tithes ought, and of ancient time did pertain to the spiritual court.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Curve of pursuit</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a curve described by a point which is at each instant moving towards a second point, which is itself moving according to some specified law.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pursuivant</h1>
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<hw>Pur"sui*vant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>poursuivant</ets>, fr. <ets>poursuivre</ets>. See <er>Pursue</er>, and cf. <er>Pursuant</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>poursuivant</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Heralds' College)</fld> <def>A functionary of lower rank than a herald, but discharging similar duties; -- called also <altname>pursuivant at arms</altname>; an attendant of the heralds. Also used figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>The herald Hope, forerunning Fear,
And Fear, the <b>pursuivant</b> of Hope.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The king's messenger; a state messenger.</def>

<blockquote>One <b>pursuivant</b> who attempted to execute a warrant there was murdered.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pursuivant</h1>
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<hw>Pur"sui*vant</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pursue.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Their navy was <b>pursuivanted</b> after with a horrible tempest.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pursy</h1>
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<hw>Pur"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pourcif</ets>, <ets>poulsif</ets>, <ets>poussif</ets>, fr. <ets>pousser</ets> to push, thrust, heave, OF. also <ets>poulser</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pousse</ets> the heaves, asthma. See <er>Push</er>.]</ety> <def>Fat and short-breathed; fat, short, and thick; swelled with pampering; <as>as, <ex>pursy</ex> insolence</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote><b>Pursy</b> important he sat him down.
<i>Sir W. Scot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Purtenance</h1>
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<hw>Pur"te*nance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>appurtenance</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which pertains or belongs to something; esp., the heard, liver, and lungs of an animal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " The <i>purtenaunces</i> of purgatory."

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<blockquote>Roast [it] with fire, his head with his legs, and with the <b>purtenance</b> [<it>Rev. Ver.</it>, inwards] thereof.
<i>Ex. xii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Purrulence, Purulency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pur"ru*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pu"ru*len*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>purulentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>purulence</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The quality or state of being purulent; the generation of pus; also, the pus itself.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Purulent</h1>
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<hw>Pu"ru*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>purulentus</ets>, fr. <ets>pus</ets>, <ets>puris</ets>, pus, matter: cf. F. <ets>purulent</ets>. See <er>Pus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Consisting of pus, or matter; partaking of the nature of pus; attended with suppuration; <as>as, <ex>purulent</ex> inflammation</as>.</def><-- sic. What kind of "matter"? -->

<h1>Purulently</h1>
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<hw>Pu"ru*lent*ly</hw>, <tt>v.</tt> <def>In a purulent manner.</def>

<h1>Purveance, Purveiaunce</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pur"ve*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pur"vei*aunce`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Purveyance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Purvey</h1>
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<hw>Pur*vey"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Purveyed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Purveying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>purveien</ets>, <ets>porveien</ets>, OF. <ets>porveeir</ets>, <ets>porveoir</ets>, F. <ets>pourvoir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>providere</ets>. See <er>Provide</er>, and cf. <er>Purview</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish or provide, as with a convenience, provisions, or the like.</def>

<blockquote>Give no odds to your foes, but do <b>purvey</b>
Yourself of sword before that bloody day.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To procure; to get.</def>

<blockquote>I mean to <b>purvey</b> me a wife after the fashion of the children of Benjamin.
<i>Sir W. Scot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Purvey</h1>
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<hw>Pur*vey"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To purchase provisions; to provide; to make provision.</def>

<i>Chaucer. Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pander; -- with <i>to</i>.</def> " Their turpitude <i>purveys</i> to their malice." <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Purveyance</h1>
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<hw>Pur*vey"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pourvoyance</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of providing or procuring; providence; foresight; preparation; management.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>The ill <b>purveyance</b> of his page.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is provided; provisions; food.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A providing necessaries for the sovereign by buying them at an appraised value in preference to all others, and oven without the owner's consent. This was formerly a royal prerogative, but has long been abolished.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Purveyor</h1>
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<hw>Pur*vey"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>porveour</ets>, OF. <ets>pourveor</ets>, F. <ets>pourvoyeur</ets>. See <er>Purvey</er>, and cf. <er>Proveditor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who provides victuals, or whose business is to make provision for the table; a victualer; a caterer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An officer who formerly provided, or exacted provision, for the king's household.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>a procurer; a pimp; a bawd.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Purview</h1>
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<hw>Pur"view</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>purveu</ets>, <ets>pourveu</ets>, F. <ets>pourvu</ets>, provided, p. p. of OF. <ets>porveoir</ets>, F. <ets>pourvoir</ets>. See <er>Purvey</er>, <er>View</er>, and cf. <er>Proviso</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The body of a statute, or that part which begins with " <i>Be it enacted</i>, " as distinguished from the <i>preamble</i>.</def> <i>Cowell</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> Hence: <def>The limit or scope of a statute; the whole extent of its intention or provisions.</def>

<i>Marshall.</i>

<blockquote>Profanations within the <b>purview</b> of several statutes.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Limit or sphere of authority; scope; extent.</def>

<blockquote>In determining the extent of information required in the exercise of a particular authority, recourse must be had to the objects within the <b>purview</b> of that authority.
<i>Madison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pus</h1>
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<hw>Pus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., akin to Gr. <?/, <?/, and to E. <ets>foul</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pus</ets>. See <er>Foul</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The yellowish white opaque creamy matter produced by the process of suppuration. It consists of innumerable white nucleated cells floating in a clear liquid.</def>

<h1>Pusane</h1>
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<hw>Pu"sane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>A piece of armor for the breast; often, an addition to, or re\'89nforcement of. the breastplate; -- called also <altname>pesane</altname>.</def>

<h1>Puseyism</h1>
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<hw>Pu"sey*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Ch. of Eng.)</fld> <def>The principles of Dr. <ets>Pusey</ets> and others at Oxford, England, as exhibited in various publications, esp. in a series which appeared from 1833 to 1841, designated " Tracts for the Times;" tractarianism. See <er>Tractarianism</er>.</def>

<h1>Puseyistic, Puseyite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pu"sey*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pu"sey*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Puseyism.</def>

<h1>Puseyite</h1>
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<hw>Pu"sey*ite</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who holds the principles of Puseyism; -- often used opprobriously.</def>

<h1>Push</h1>
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<hw>Push</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Probably F. <ets>poche</ets>. See <er>Pouch</er>.]</ety> <def>A pustule; a pimple.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Push</h1>
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<hw>Push</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pushed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pushing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>possen</ets>, <ets>pussen</ets>, F. <ets>pousser</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pulsare</ets>, v. intens. fr. <ets>pellere</ets>, <ets>pulsum</ets>, to beat, knock, push. See <er>Pulse</er> a beating, and cf. <er>Pursy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To press against with force; to drive or impel by pressure; to endeavor to drive by steady pressure, without striking; -- opposed to <i>draw</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Sidelong had <b>pushed</b> a mountain from his seat.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To thrust the points of the horns against; to gore.</def>

<blockquote>If the ox shall <b>push</b> a manservant or maidservant, . . . the ox shall be stoned.
<i>Ex. xxi. 32.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To press or urge forward; to drive; to <i>push</i> an objection too far.</def> " To <i>push</i> his fortune."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Ambition <b>pushes</b> the soul to such actions as are apt to procure honor to the actor.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We are <b>pushed</b> for an answer.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To bear hard upon; to perplex; to embarrass.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To importune; to press with solicitation; to tease.</def>

<cs><col>To push down</col>, <cd>to overthrow by pushing or impulse.</cd></cs>

<h1>Push</h1>
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<hw>Push</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a thrust; to shove; <as>as, to <ex>push</ex> with the horns or with a sword</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make an advance, attack, or effort; to be energetic; <as>as, a man must <ex>push</ex> in order to succeed</as>.</def>

<blockquote>At the time of the end shall the kind of the south <b>push</b> at him and the king of the north shall come against him.
<i>Dan. xi. 40.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>War seemed asleep for nine long years; at length
Both sides resolved to <b>push</b>, we tried our strength.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To burst pot, as a bud or shoot.</def>

<cs><col>To push on</col>, <cd>to drive or urge forward; to hasten.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>The rider <b>pushed</b> on at a rapid pace.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Push</h1>
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<hw>Push</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thrust with a pointed instrument, or with the end of a thing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any thrust. pressure, impulse, or force, or force applied; a shove; <as>as, to give the ball the first <ex>push</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An assault or attack; an effort; an attempt; hence, the time or occasion for action.</def>

<blockquote>Exact reformation is not perfected at the first <b>push</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>hen it comes to the <b>push</b>, tic no more than talk.
<i>L' Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The faculty of overcoming obstacles; aggressive energy; <as>as, he has <ex>push</ex>, or he has no <ex>push</ex></as>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Thrust</er>.</syn>

<h1>Pusher</h1>
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<hw>Push"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, pushes.</def>

<-- 2. One who sells illegal drugs, esp. one who tries to convince others to use such drugs. -->

<h1>Pushing</h1>
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<hw>Push"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pressing forward in business; enterprising; driving; energetic; also, forward; officious, intrusive.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Push"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pushpin</h1>
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<hw>Push"pin`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A child's game played with pins.</def>

<i>L. Estrange.</i>

<h1>Pusil</h1>
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<hw>Pu"sil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pusillus</ets> very little.]</ety> <def>Very small; little; petty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Pusillanimity</h1>
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<hw>Pu`sil*la*nim"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pusillanimitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pusillanimit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being pusillanimous; weakness of spirit; cowardliness.</def>

<blockquote>The badge of <b>pusillanimity</b> and cowardice.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is obvious to distinguished between an act of . . . <b>pusillanimity</b> and an act of great modesty or humility.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Cowardliness; cowardice; fear; timidity.</syn>

<h1>Pusillanimous</h1>
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<hw>Pu`sil*lan"i*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pusillannimis</ets>; <ets>pusillus</ets> very little (dim. of <ets>pusus</ets> a little boy; cf. <ets>puer</ets> a boy, E. <ets>puerile</ets>) + <ets>animus</ets> the mind: cf. F. <ets>pusillanime</ets>. See <er>Animosity</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of a manly or courageous strength and firmness of mind; of weak spirit; mean-spirited; spiritless; cowardly; -- said of persons, <as>as, a <ex>pussillanimous</ex> prince</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="1167">
Page 1167<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Evincing, or characterized by, weakness of mind, and want of courage; feeble; <as>as, <ex>pusillanimous</ex> counsels</as>.</def> "A low and <i>pusillanimous</i> spirit."

<i>Burke.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Cowardly; dastardly; mean-spirited; fainthearted; timid; weak; feeble.</syn>

<h1>Pusillanimously</h1>
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<hw>Pu`sil*lan"i*mous*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With pusillanimity.</def>

<h1>Pusley</h1>
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<hw>Pus"ley</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Purslane.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S]</mark>

<h1>Puss</h1>
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<hw>Puss</hw> <tt>(p&usdot;s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>poes</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>pus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cat; -- a fondling appellation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hare; -- so called by sportsmen.</def>

<cs><col>Puss in the corner</col>, <cd>a game in which all the players but one occupy corners of a room, or certain goals in the open air, and exchange places, the one without a corner endeavoring to get a corner while it is vacant, leaving some other without one.</cd> -- <col>Puss moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of stout bombycid moths belonging to <spn>Cerura</spn>, <spn>Harpyia</spn>, and allied genera, esp. <spn>Harpyia vinuli</spn>, of Europe. The larv\'91 are humpbacked, and have two caudal appendages.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pussy</h1>
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<hw>Pussy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>puss</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pet name for a cat; also, an endearing name for a girl.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A catkin of the pussy willow.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The game of tipcat; -- also called <altname>pussy cat</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Pussy willow</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any kind of willow having large cylindrical catkins clothed with long glossy hairs, especially the American <spn>Salix discolor</spn>; -- called also <altname>glaucous willow</altname>, and <altname>swamp willow</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pussy</h1>
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<hw>Pus"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Pursy</er>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or Low]</mark>

<h1>Pustulant</h1>
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<hw>Pus"tu*lant</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pustulans</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Pustulate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Producing pustules.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A medicine that produces pustules, as croton oil.</def></def2>

<h1>Pustular</h1>
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<hw>Pus"tu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>1. Of or pertaining to pustules; <as>as, <ex>pustular</ex> prominences; <ex>pustular</ex> eruptions.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Covered with pustulelike prominences; pustulate.</def>

<h1>Pustulate</h1>
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<hw>Pus"tu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pustulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>pustulare</ets> to blister, fr. <ets>pustula</ets>. See <er>Pustule</er>.]</ety> <def>To form into pustules, or blisters.</def>

<h1>Pustulate, Pustulated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pus"tu*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pus"tu*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Covered with pustulelike prominences; pustular; pustulous; <as>as, a <ex>pustulate</ex> leaf; a <ex>pustulate</ex> shell or coral.</as></def>

<h1>Pustulation</h1>
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<hw>Pus*tu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pustulatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of producing pustules; the state of being pustulated.</def>

<h1>Pustule</h1>
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<hw>Pus"tule</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pustula</ets>, and <ets>pusula</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pustule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A vesicle or an elevation of the cuticle with an inflamed base, containing pus.</def>

<cs><col>Malignant pustule</col>. <cd>See under <er>Malignant</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pustulous</h1>
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<hw>Pus"tu*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pustulosus</ets>, fr. <ets>pustula</ets> a pustule: cf. F. <ets>pustuleux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling, or covered with, pustules; pustulate; pustular.</def>

<h1>Put</h1>
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<hw>Put</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pit</er>.]</ety> <def>A pit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Put</h1>
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<hw>Put</hw>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>3d pers. sing. pres.</tt> of <er>Put</er>, contracted from <i>putteth</i>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Put</h1>
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<hw>Put</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>pwt</ets> any short thing, <ets>pwt o ddyn</ets> a squab of a person, <ets>pwtog</ets> a short, thick woman.]</ety> <def>A rustic; a clown; an awkward or uncouth person.</def>

<blockquote>Queer country <b>puts</b> extol Queen Bess's reign.
<i>Bramston.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What droll <b>puts</b> the citizens seem in it all.
<i>F. Harrison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Put</h1>
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<hw>Put</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Put</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Putting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>potian</ets> to thrust: cf. Dan. <ets>putte</ets> to put, to put into, Fries. <ets>putje</ets>; perh. akin to W. <ets>pwtio</ets> to butt, poke, thrust; cf. also Gael. <ets>put</ets> to push, thrust, and E. <ets>potter</ets>, v. i.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move in any direction; to impel; to thrust; to push; -- nearly obsolete, except with adverbs, as with <i>by</i> (<i>to put by</i> = to thrust aside; to divert); or with <i>forth</i> (<i>to put forth</i> = to thrust out).</def>

<blockquote>His chief designs are . . . to <b>put</b> thee by from thy spiritual employment.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring to a position or place; to place; to lay; to set; figuratively, to cause to be or exist in a specified relation, condition, or the like; to bring to a stated mental or moral condition; <as>as, to <ex>put</ex> one in fear; to <ex>put</ex> a theory in practice; to <ex>put</ex> an enemy to fight.</as></def>

<blockquote>This present dignity,
In which that I have <b>put</b> you.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will <b>put</b> enmity between thee and the woman.
<i>Gen. iii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>put</b> no trust in his servants.
<i>Job iv. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When God into the hands of their deliverer
<b>Puts</b> invincible might.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In the mean time other measures were <b>put</b> in operation.
<i>Sparks.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To attach or attribute; to assign; <as>as, to <ex>put</ex> a wrong construction on an act or expression</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To lay down; to give up; to surrender.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>No man hath more love than this, that a man <b>put</b> his life for his friends.
<i>Wyclif (John xv. 13).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To set before one for judgment, acceptance, or rejection; to bring to the attention; to offer; to state; to express; figuratively, to assume; to suppose; -- formerly sometimes followed by <i>that</i> introducing a proposition; <as>as, to <ex>put</ex> a question; to <ex>put</ex> a case.</as></def>

<blockquote>Let us now <b>put</b> that ye have leave.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Put</b> the perception and you <b>put</b> the mind.
<i>Berkeley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These verses, originally Greek, were <b>put</b> in Latin.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All this is ingeniously and ably <b>put</b>.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To incite; to entice; to urge; to constrain; to oblige.</def>

<blockquote>These wretches <b>put</b> us upon all mischief.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Put</b> me not use the carnal weapon in my own defense.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thank him who <b>puts</b> me, loath, to this revenge.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To throw or cast with a pushing motion "overhand," the hand being raised from the shoulder; a practice in athletics; <as>as, to <ex>put</ex> the shot or weight</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To convey coal in the mine, as from the working to the tramway.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<cs><col>Put case</col>, <cd>formerly, an elliptical expression for, <i>put<i> or suppose the case to be.</cd></cs>

<blockquote><b>Put case</b> that the soul after departure from the body may live.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

 -- <col>To put about</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to turn, or change the course of, as a ship.</cd> -- <col>To put away</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To renounce; to discard; to expel.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To divorce</cd>. -- <col>To put back</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To push or thrust backwards; hence, to hinder; to delay.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To refuse; to deny</cd>.

<blockquote>Coming from thee, I could not <b>put</b> him <b>back</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To set, as the hands of a clock, to an earlier hour.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To restore to the original place; to replace</cd>. -- <col>To put by</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To turn, set, or thrust, aside.</cd> "Smiling <i>put</i> the <i>question by</i>." <i>Tennyson</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To lay aside; to keep; to sore up; as, <i>to put by</i> money.</cd> -- <col>To put down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To lay down; to deposit; to set down.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To lower; to diminish; as, <i>to put down</i> prices</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To deprive of position or power; to put a stop to; to suppress; to abolish; to confute; as, <i>to put down</i> rebellion of traitors</cd>.

<blockquote>Mark, how a plain tale shall <b>put</b> you <b>down</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sugar hath <b>put down</b> the use of honey.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To subscribe; as, <i>to put down</i> one's name.</cd> -- <col>To put forth</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To thrust out; to extend, as the hand; to cause to come or push out; as, a tree <i>puts forth</i> leaves.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To make manifest; to develop; also, to bring into action; to exert; as, <i>to put forth</i> strength</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To propose, as a question, a riddle, and the like</cd>. <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To publish, as a book</cd>. -- <col>To put forward</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To advance to a position of prominence responsibility; to promote.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To cause to make progress; to aid</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To set, as the hands of a clock, to a later hour</cd>. -- <col>To put in</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To introduce among others; to insert; sometimes, to introduce with difficulty; <as>as, <ex>to put in</ex> a word while others are discoursing</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To conduct into a harbor, as a ship</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>To place in due form before a court; to place among the records of a court</cd>. <i>Burrill</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>To restore, as a dislocated part, to its place.</cd> -- <col>To put off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To lay aside; to discard; <as>as, <ex>to put off</ex> a robe; <ex>to put off</ex> mortality</as>.</cd> "<i>Put off</i> thy shoes from off thy feet." <i>Ex. iii. 5</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To turn aside; to elude; to disappoint; to frustrate; to baffle.</cd>

<blockquote>I hoped for a demonstration, but Themistius hoped <b>to put</b> me <b>off</b> with an harangue.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We might <b>put</b> him <b>off</b> with this answer.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To delay; to defer; to postpone; as, <i>to put off</i> repentance.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To get rid of; to dispose of; especially, to pass fraudulently; <as>as, <ex>to put off</ex> a counterfeit note, or an ingenious theory</as><-- = to pass off --></cd>. <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To push from land; <as>as, <ex>to put off</ex> a boat</as></cd>. -- <mcol><col>To put on</col> &or; <col>upon</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To invest one's self with, as clothes; to assume.</cd> "Mercury . . . <i>put on</i> the shape of a man." <i>L'Estrange</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To impute (something) to; to charge upon; as, <i>to put</i> blame <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i> another.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To advance; to promote</cd>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "This came handsomely <i>to put on</i> the peace." <i>Bacon</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To impose; to inflict.</cd> "That which thou <i>puttest on</i> me, will I bear." <i>2 Kings xviii. 14</i>. <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To apply; <as>as, <ex>to put on</ex> workmen; <ex>to put on</ex> steam</as>.</cd> <sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To deceive; to trick.</cd> "The stork found he was <i>put upon</i>." <i>L'Estrange</i>. <sd>(g)</sd> <cd>To place upon, as a means or condition; as, he <i>put</i> him <i>upon</i> bread and water.</cd> "This caution will <i>put</i> them <i>upon</i> considering." <i>Locke</i>. <sd>(h)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>To rest upon; to submit to; as, a defendant <i>puts</i> himself <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i> the country.</cd> <i>Burrill</i>. -- <col>To put out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To eject; <as>as, <ex>to put out</ex> and intruder</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To put forth; to shoot, as a bud, or sprout</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To extinguish; <as>as, <ex>to put out</ex> a candle, light, or fire</as></cd>. <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To place at interest; to loan; <as>as, <ex>to put out</ex> funds</as></cd>. <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To provoke, as by insult; to displease; to vex; as, he was <i>put out</i> by my reply</cd>. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To protrude; to stretch forth; <as>as, <ex>to put out</ex> the hand</as>.</cd> <sd>(g)</sd> <cd>To publish; to make public; <as>as, <ex>to put out</ex> a pamphlet</as></cd>. <sd>(h)</sd> <cd>To confuse; to disconcert; to interrupt; <as>as, <ex>to put</ex> one <ex>out</ex> in reading or speaking</as></cd>. <sd>(i)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>To open; <as>as, <ex>to put out</ex> lights, that is, to open or cut windows</as></cd>. <i>Burrill</i>. <sd>(j)</sd> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>To place out of joint; to dislocate; as, <i>to put out</i> the ankle.</cd> <sd>(k)</sd> <cd>To cause to cease playing, or to prevent from playing longer in a certain inning, as in base ball</cd>. -- <col>To put over</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To place (some one) in authority over; <as>as, <ex>to put</ex> a general <ex>over</ex> a division of an army</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To refer</cd>.

<blockquote>For the certain knowledge of that knowledge of that truth<
 <b>put</b> you <b>o'er</b> to heaven and to my mother.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To defer; to postpone; as, the court <i>put over</i> the cause to the next term.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To transfer (a person or thing) across; <as>as, <ex>to put</ex> one <ex>over</ex> the river</as></cd>. -- <mcol><col>To put the hand to</col> <i>or</i> <col>unto</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To take hold of, as of an instrument of labor; as, <i>to put the hand to</i> the plow; hence, to engage in (any task or affair); <as>as, <ex>to put</ex> one's <ex>hand to</ex> the work</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To take or seize, as in theft</cd>. "He hath not <i>put his hand unto</i> his neighbor's goods." <i>Ex. xxii. 11</i>. -- <col>To put through</col>, <cd>to cause to go through all conditions or stages of a progress; hence, to push to completion; to accomplish; <as>as, he <ex>put through</ex> a measure of legislation; he <ex>put through</ex> a railroad enterprise</as>.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>To put to</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To add; to unite; <as>as, <ex>to put</ex> one sum <ex>to</ex> another</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To refer to; to expose; <as>as, <ex>to put</ex> the safety of the state <ex>to</ex> hazard</as></cd>. "That dares not <i>put</i> it <i>to</i> the touch." <i>Montrose</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To attach (something) to; to harness beasts to.</cd> <i>Dickens</i>. -- <col>To put to a stand</col>, <cd>to stop; to arrest by obstacles or difficulties.</cd> -- <col>To put to bed</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To undress and place in bed, as a child.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To deliver in, or to make ready for, childbirth</cd>. -- <col>To put to death</col>, <cd>to kill.</cd> -- <col>To put together</col>, <cd>to attach; to aggregate; to unite in one.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To put this and that</col> (<i>or</i> <col>two and two</col>) <col>together</col></mcol>, <cd>to draw an inference; to form a correct conclusion.</cd> -- <col>To put to it</col>, <cd>to distress; to press hard; to perplex; to give difficulty to.</cd> "O gentle lady, do not <i>put</i> me <i>to 't</i>." <i>Shak.</i> -- <col>To put to rights</col>, <cd>to arrange in proper order; to settle or compose rightly.</cd> -- <col>To put to the sword</col>, <cd>to kill with the sword; to slay.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To put to trial</col>, <i>or</i> <col>on trial</col></mcol>, <cd>to bring to a test; to try.</cd> -- <col>To put trust in</col>, <cd>to confide in; to repose confidence in.</cd> -- <col>To put up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To pass unavenged; to overlook; not to punish or resent; to put up with; <as>as, <ex>to put up</ex> indignities</as>.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Such national injuries are not <i>to be put up</i>." <i>Addison</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To send forth or upward; as, <i>to put up</i> goods for sale.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To start from a cover, as game</cd>. "She has been frightened; she has been <i>put up</i>." <i>C. Kingsley</i>. <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To hoard.</cd> "Himself never <i>put up</i> any of the rent." <i>Spelman</i>. <sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To lay side or preserve; to pack away; to store; to pickle; <as>as, to <ex>put up</ex> pork, beef, or fish</as>.</cd> <sd>(g)</sd> <cd>To place out of sight, or away; to put in its proper place; <as>as, <ex>put up</ex> that letter</as></cd>. <i>Shak</i>. <sd>(h)</sd> <cd>To incite; to instigate; -- followed by <i>to</i>; <as>as, he <ex>put</ex> the lad <ex>up</ex> to mischief</as>.</cd> <sd>(i)</sd> <cd>To raise; to erect; to build; as, <i>to put up</i> a tent, or a house</cd>. <sd>(j)</sd> <cd>To lodge; to entertain; <as>as, <ex>to put up</ex> travelers</as></cd>. -- <col>To put up a job</col>, <cd>to arrange a plot.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- To place; set; lay; cause; produce; propose; state.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Put</er>, <er>Lay</er>, <er>Place</er>, <er>Set</er>. These words agree in the idea of fixing the position of some object, and are often used interchangeably. <i>To put</i> is the least definite, denoting merely to move to a place. <i>To place</i> has more particular reference to the precise location, as to put with care in a certain or proper place.  <i>To set</i> or <i>to lay</i> may be used when there is special reference to the position of the object.</usage>

<h1>Put</h1>
<Xpage=1167>

<hw>Put</hw> <tt>(put; <it>often</it> p&ucr;t <it>in def.</it> 3)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go or move; <as>as, when the air first <ex>puts</ex> up</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To steer; to direct one's course; to go.</def>

<blockquote>His fury thus appeased, he <b>puts</b> to land.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To play a card or a hand in the game called <i>put</i>.</def>

<cs><col>To put about</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to change direction; to tack.</cd> -- <col>To put back</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to turn back; to return. "The French . . . had <i>put back<i> to Toulon." <i>Southey</i>.</cd> -- <col>To put forth</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To shoot, bud, or germinate</cd>. "Take earth from under walls where nettles <i>put forth<i>." <i>Bacon</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To leave a port or haven, as a ship.</cd> <i>Shak.</i></cd> -- <col>To put in</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to enter a harbor; to sail into port.</cd> -- <col>To put in for</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To make a request or claim; as, <i>to put in for<i> a share of profits</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To go into covert; -- said of a bird escaping from a hawk</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To offer one's self; to stand as a candidate for</cd>. <i>Locke</i>.</cd> -- <col>To put off</col>, <cd>to go away; to depart; esp., to leave land, as a ship; to move from the shore.</cd> -- <col>To put on</col>, <cd>to hasten motion; to drive vehemently.</cd> -- <col>To put over</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to sail over or across.</cd> -- <col>To put to sea</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to set sail; to begin a voyage; to advance into the ocean.</cd> -- <col>To put up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To take lodgings; to lodge</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To offer one's self as a candidate</cd>. <i>L'Estrange<i>.</cd><-- put up or shut up --> -- <col>To put up to</col>, <cd>to advance to. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "With this he <i>put up to<i> my lord." <i>Swift</i>.</cd> -- <col>To put up with</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To overlook, or suffer without recompense, punishment, or resentment; <as>as, <ex>to put up with<ex> an injury or affront</as></cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To take without opposition or expressed dissatisfaction; to endure; as, <i>to put up with<i> bad fare.</cd></cs>

<h1>Put</h1>
<Xpage=1167>

<hw>Put</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of putting; an action; a movement; a thrust; a push; <as>as, the <ex>put</ex> of a ball</as>.</def> "A forced <i>put</i>."

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A certain game at cards.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A privilege which one party buys of another to "put" (deliver) to him a certain amount of stock, grain, etc., at a certain price and date.</def> <mark>[Brokers' Cant]</mark>

<blockquote>A <b>put</b> and a call may be combined in one instrument, the holder of which may either buy or sell as he chooses at the fixed price.
<i>Johnson's Cyc.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Put</h1>
<Xpage=1167>

<hw>Put</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>pute</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prostitute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Putage</h1>
<Xpage=1167>

<hw>Pu"tage</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>putage</ets>.]</ety> <def>Prostitution or fornication on the part of a woman.</def>

<h1>Putamen</h1>
<Xpage=1167>

<hw>Pu*ta"men</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The shell of a nut; the stone of a drupe fruit. See <er>Endocarp</er>.</def>

<h1>Putanism</h1>
<Xpage=1167>

<hw>Pu"tan*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>putanisme</ets>, fr. <ets>putain</ets> harlot.]</ety> <def>Habitual lewdness or prostitution of a woman; harlotry.</def>

<h1>Putative</h1>
<Xpage=1167>

<hw>Pu"ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>putativus</ets>, fr. <ets>putare</ets>, <ets>putatum</ets>, to reckon, suppose, adjust, prune, cleanse. See <er>Pure</er>, and cf. <er>Amputate</er>, <er>Compute</er>, <er>Dispute</er>, <er>Impute</er>.]</ety> <def>Commonly thought or deemed; supposed; reputed; <as>as, the <ex>putative</ex> father of a child</as>.</def> "His other <i>putative</i> (I dare not say feigned) friends."

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<blockquote>Thus things indifferent, being esteemed useful or pious, became customary, and then came for reverence into a <b>putative</b> and usurped authority.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Putchuck</h1>
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<hw>Put*chuck"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pachak</er>.</def>

<h1>Puteal</h1>
<Xpage=1167>

<hw>Pu"te*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>puteus</ets> well.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An inclosure surrounding a well to prevent persons from falling into it; a well curb.</def>

<i>Weale.</i>

<h1>Puteli</h1>
<Xpage=1167>

<hw>Put"e*li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Patela</er>.</def>

<h1>Putery</h1>
<Xpage=1167>

<hw>Pu"ter*y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>puterie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Putage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Putid</h1>
<Xpage=1167>

<hw>Pu"tid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>putidus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>putide</ets>. Cf. <er>Putrid</er>.]</ety> <def>Rotten; fetid; stinking; base; worthless. <i>Jer</i>. <i>Taylor</i>.</def> "Thy <i>putid</i> muse."

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Putidity, Putidness</h1>
<Xpage=1167>

<hw><hw>Pu*tid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pu"tid*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being putrid.</def>

<h1>Putlog</h1>
<Xpage=1167>

<hw>Put"log`</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One of the short pieces of timber on which the planks forming the floor of a scaffold are laid, -- one end resting on the ledger of the scaffold, and the other in a hole left in the wall temporarily for the purpose.</def>

<i>Oxf. Gloss.</i>

<h1>Put-off</h1>
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<hw>Put"-off`</hw> <tt>(?; 115)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A shift for evasion or delay; an evasion; an excuse.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Putour</h1>
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<hw>Pu"tour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Put</er> a prostitute.]</ety> <def>A keeper of a brothel; a procurer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Putredinous</h1>
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<hw>Pu*tred"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>putredo</ets> rottenness, fr. <ets>putrere</ets> to be rotten. See <er>Putrid</er>.]</ety> <def>Proceeding from putrefaction, or partaking of the putrefactive process; having an offensive smell; stinking; rotten.</def>

<h1>Putrefaction</h1>
<Xpage=1167>

<hw>Pu`tre*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>putrefactio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>putr\'82faction</ets>. See <er>Putrefy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or the process of putrefying; the offensive decay of albuminous or other matter.</def>

<note>&hand; Putrefaction is a complex phenomenon involving a multiplicity of chemical reactions, always accompanied by, and without doubt caused by, bacteria and vibriones; hence, putrefaction is a form of fermentation, and is sometimes called <i>putrefaction fermentative</i>. Putrefaction is not possible under conditions that preclude the development of living organisms. Many of the products of putrefaction are powerful poisons, and are called <i>cadaveric poisons</i>, or <i>ptoma\'8bnes</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The condition of being putrefied; also, that which putrefied.</def> "<i>Putrefaction's</i> breath."

<i>Shelley.</i>

<h1>Putrefactive</h1>
<Xpage=1167>

<hw>Pu`tre*fac"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>putr\'82factif</ets>. See <er>Putrefy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to putrefaction; <as>as, the <ex>putrefactive</ex> smell or process</as>.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Causing, or tending to promote, putrefaction.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Pu``tre*fac"tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Putrefy</h1>
<Xpage=1167>

<hw>Pu"tre*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <ets>putrify</ets>.]</altsp> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Putrefied</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Putrefying</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>putr\'82fier</ets>; L. <ets>putrere</ets> to be rotten + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in. comp.) to make; cf. L. <ets>putrefacere</ets>. See <er>Putrid</er>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render putrid; to cause to decay offensively; to cause to be decomposed; to cause to rot.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To corrupt; to make foul.</def>

<blockquote>Private suits do <b>putrefy</b> the public good.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They would but stink, and <b>putrefy</b> the air.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make morbid, carious, or gangrenous; <as>as, to <ex>putrefy</ex> an ulcer or wound</as>.</def>

<h1>Putrefy</h1>
<Xpage=1167>

<hw>Pu"tre*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become putrid; to decay offensively; to rot.</def>

<i>Isa. 1. 6.</i>

<h1>Putrescence</h1>
<Xpage=1167>

<hw>Pu*tres"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being putrescent; putrescent matter.</def>

<hr>
<page="1168">
Page 1168<p>

<h1>Putrescent</h1>
<Xpage=1168>

<hw>Pu*tres"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>putrescens</ets>, p. pr.of <ets>putrescere</ets> to grow rotten, v. incho. fr. <ets>putrere</ets> to be rotten. See <er>Putrid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Becoming putrid or rotten.</def>

<blockquote>Externally powerful, although <b>putrescent</b> at the core.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the process of putrefaction; <as>as, a <ex>putrescent</ex> smell</as>.</def>

<h1>Putrescible</h1>
<Xpage=1168>

<hw>Pu*tres"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of putrefaction; liable to become putrid; <as>as, <ex>putrescible</ex> substances</as>.</def>

<h1>Putrescible</h1>
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<hw>Pu*tres"ci*ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A substance, usually nitrogenous, which is liable to undergo decomposition when in contact with air and moisture at ordinary temperatures.</def>

<h1>Putrescin</h1>
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<hw>Pu*tres"cin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A nontoxic diamine, <chform>C4H12N2</chform>, formed in the putrefaction of the flesh of mammals and some other animals.</def>

<h1>Putrid</h1>
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<hw>Pu"trid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>putridus</ets>, <ets>fr</ets>. <ets>putrere</ets> to be rotten, fr.<ets>puter</ets>, or <ets>putris</ets>, rotten, <ets>fr</ets>. <ets>putere</ets> to stink, to be rotten: cf. F. <ets>putride</ets>.  See <er>Pus</er>, <er>Foul</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tending to decomposition or decay; decomposed; rotten; -- said of animal or vegetable matter; <as>as, <ex>putrid</ex> flesh</as>. See <er>Putrefaction</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Indicating or proceeding from a decayed state of animal or vegetable matter; <as>as, a <ex>putrid</ex> smell</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Putrid fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>typhus fever; -- so called from the decomposing and offensive state of the discharges and diseased textures of the body.</cd> -- <col>Putrid sore throat</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a gangrenous inflammation of the fauces and pharynx.</cd></cs>

<h1>Putridity</h1>
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<hw>Pu*trid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>putridit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being putrid; putrefaction; rottenness.</def>

<h1>Putridness</h1>
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<hw>Pu"trid*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Putridity.</def>

<i>Floyer.</i>

<h1>Putrifacted</h1>
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<hw>Pu"tri*fac`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Putrefy</er>.]</ety> <def>Putrefied.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What vermin bred of <b>putrifacted</b> slime.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Putrification</h1>
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<hw>Pu`tri*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Putrefaction.</def>

<h1>Putrify</h1>
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<hw>Pu"tri*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To putrefy.</def>

<h1>Putrilage</h1>
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<hw>Pu"tri*lage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>putrilage</ets>, L. <ets>putrilago</ets> putrefaction.]</ety> <def>That which is undergoing putrefaction; the products of putrefaction.</def>

<h1>Putry</h1>
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<hw>Pu"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Putrid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Putry</h1>
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<hw>Pu"try</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Putage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Putter</h1>
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<hw>Put"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who puts or plates.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, one who pushes the small wagons in a coal mine, and the like.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Putter</h1>
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<hw>Put"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Puttered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Puttering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Potter</er>.]</ety> <def>To act inefficiently or idly; to trifle; to potter.</def>

<h1>Putter-on</h1>
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<hw>Put"ter-on`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An instigator.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Puttier</h1>
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<hw>Put"ti*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who putties; a glazier.</def>

<h1>Putting</h1>
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<hw>Put"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The throwing of a heavy stone, shot, etc., with the hand raised or extended from the shoulder; -- originally, a Scottish game.</def>

<cs><col>Putting stone</col>, <cd>a heavy stone used in the game of putting.</cd></cs>

<h1>Puttock</h1>
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<hw>Put"tock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Pout</er> a young bird, <er>Poult</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The European kite.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The buzzard.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The marsh harrier.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Puttock</h1>
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<hw>Put"tock</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Futtock</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Putty</h1>
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<hw>Put"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pot\'82e</ets>, fr. <ets>pot</ets> pot; what was formerly called <ets>putty</ets> being a substance resembling what is now called <ets>putty powder</ets>, and in part made of the metal of old pots. See <er>Pot</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of thick paste or cement compounded of whiting, or soft carbonate of lime, and linseed oil, when applied beaten or kneaded to the consistence of dough, -- used in fastening glass in sashes, stopping crevices, and for similar purposes.</def>

<cs><col>Putty powder</col>, <cd>an oxide of tin, or of tin and lead in various proportions, much used in polishing glass, metal, precious stones, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Putty</h1>
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<hw>Put"ty</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Puttied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Puttying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cement, or stop, with putty.</def>

<h1>Putty-faced</h1>
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<hw>Put"ty-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>White-faced; -- used contemptuously.</def>

<i>Clarke.</i>

<h1>Puttyroot</h1>
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<hw>Put"ty*root`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American orchidaceous plant (<spn>Aplectrum hyemale</spn>) which flowers in early summer. Its slender naked rootstock produces each year a solid corm, filled with exceedingly glutinous matter, which sends up later a single large oval evergreen plaited leaf. Called also <altname>Adam-and-Eve</altname>.</def>

<h1>Put-up</h1>
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<hw>Put"-up</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Arranged; plotted; -- in a bad sense; <as>as, a <ex>put-up</ex> job</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Puy</h1>
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<hw>Pu"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Poy</er>.</def>

<h1>Puzzel</h1>
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<hw>Puz"zel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pucelle</ets> a virgin.]</ety> <def>A harlot; a drab; a hussy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Puzzle</h1>
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<hw>Puz"zle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>opposal</ets>, in the sense of problem. See <er>Oppose</er>, <er>Pose</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Something which perplexes or embarrasses; especially, a toy or a problem contrived for testing ingenuity; also, something exhibiting marvelous skill in making.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being puzzled; perplexity; <as>as, to be in a <ex>puzzle</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Puzzle</h1>
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<hw>Puz"zle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Puzzled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Puzzling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To perplex; to confuse; to embarrass; to put to a stand; to nonplus.</def>

<blockquote>A very shrewd disputant in those points is dexterous in <b>puzzling</b> others.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He is perpetually <b>puzzled</b> and perplexed amidst his own blunders.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make intricate; to entangle.</def>

<blockquote>They disentangle from the <b>puzzled</b> skein.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The ways of Heaven are dark and intricate,
<b>Puzzled</b> in mazes, and perplexed with error.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To solve by ingenuity, as a puzzle; -- followed by <i>out</i>; <as>as, to <ex>puzzle</ex> out a mystery</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To embarrass; perplex; confuse; bewilder; confound. See <er>Embarrass</er>.</syn>

<h1>Puzzle</h1>
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<hw>Puz"zle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be bewildered, or perplexed.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>puzzling</b> fool, that heeds nothing.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To work, as at a puzzle; <as>as, to <ex>puzzle</ex> over a problem</as>.</def>

<h1>Puzzledom</h1>
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<hw>Puz"zle*dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The domain of puzzles; puzzles, collectively.</def>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Puzzle-headed</h1>
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<hw>Puz"zle-head`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the head full of confused notions.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Puzzlement</h1>
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<hw>Puz"zle*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being puzzled; perplexity.</def>

<i>Miss Mitford.</i>

<h1>Puzzier</h1>
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<hw>Puz"zier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, puzzles or perplexes.</def>

<blockquote>Hebrew, the general <b>puzzler</b> of old heads.
<i>Brome.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Puzzlingly</h1>
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<hw>Puz"zling*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a puzzling manner.</def>

<h1>Puzzolan, Puzzolana</h1>
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<hw><hw>Puz"zo*lan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Puz`zo*la"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pozzuolana</er>.</def>

<h1>Py\'91mia</h1>
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<hw>Py*\'91"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ pus + <?/ blood.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A form of blood poisoning produced by the absorption into the blood of morbid matters usually originating in a wound or local inflammation. It is characterized by the development of multiple abscesses throughout the body, and is attended with irregularly recurring chills, fever, profuse sweating, and exhaustion.</def>

<h1>Py\'91mic</h1>
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<hw>Py*\'91"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to py\'91mia; of the nature of py\'91mia.</def>

<h1>Pycnaspidean</h1>
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<hw>Pyc`nas*pid"e*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thick, crowded + <?/, <?/, a shield.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the posterior side of the tarsus covered with small irregular scales; -- said of certain birds.</def>

<h1>Pycnidium</h1>
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<hw>Pyc*nid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pycnidia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ crowded.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>In certain fungi, a flask-shaped cavity from the surface of the inner walls of which spores are produced.</def>

<h1>Pycnite</h1>
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<hw>Pyc"nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thick.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A massive subcolumnar variety of topaz.</def>

<h1>Pycnodont</h1>
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<hw>Pyc"no*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thick, crowded + <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Any fossil fish belonging to the Pycnodontini. They have numerous round, flat teeth, adapted for crushing.</def>

<h1>Pycnodontini</h1>
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<hw>Pyc`no*don"ti*ni</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extinct order of ganoid fishes. They had a compressed body, covered with dermal ribs (<i>pleurolepida</i>) and with enameled rhomboidal scales.</def>

<h1>Pycnogonid</h1>
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<hw>Pyc*nog"o*nid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Pycnogonida.</def>

<h1>Pycnogonida</h1>
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<hw>Pyc`no*gon"i*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ thick crowded + <?/ knee.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of marine arthropods in which the body is small and thin, and the eight legs usually very long; -- called also <altname>Pantopoda</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The abdomen is rudimentary, and the triangular mouth is at the end of a tubular proboscis. Many of them live at great depths in the sea, and the largest of them measure two feet across the extended legs.</note>

<h1>Pycnometer</h1>
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<hw>Pyc*nom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ dense, compact + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A specific gravity bottle; a standard flask for measuring and comparing the densities of liquids.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>pyknometer</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pycnostyle</h1>
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<hw>Pyc"no*style</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ with the pillars close together; <?/ close + <?/ a column, pillar: cf. F. <ets>pycnostyle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Arch.)</fld> <def>See under <er>Intercolumniation</er>.</def> -<def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A pycnostyle colonnade.</def></def2>

<h1>Pye</h1>
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<hw>Pye</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 2d <er>Pie</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Pyebald</h1>
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<hw>Pye"bald`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Piebald</er>.</def>

<h1>Pyelitis</h1>
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<hw>Py`e*li"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. basin + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney.</def>

<h1>Pyemia</h1>
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<hw>Py*e"mi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Py\'92mia</er>.</def>

<h1>Pyet</h1>
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<hw>Py"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A magpie; a piet.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>Here cometh the worthy prelate as pert as a <b>pyet</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pygal</h1>
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<hw>Py"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the rump.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Situated in the region of the rump, or posterior end of the backbone; -- applied especially to the posterior median plates in the carapace of chelonians.</def>

<h1>Pygarg, Pygargus</h1>
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<hw><hw>Py"garg</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Py*gar"gus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw><ety>[L. <ets>pygargus</ets>, Gr. <?/, literally, white rump; <?/ the rump + white: cf. F. <ets>pygargue</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A quadruped, probably the addax, an antelope having a white rump.</def>

<i>Deut. xiv. 5.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The female of the hen harrier.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The sea eagle.</def>

<h1>Pygidium</h1>
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<hw>Py*gid"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pygidia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/ the rump.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The caudal plate of trilobites, crustacean, and certain insects. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Limulus</er> and <er>Trilobite</er>.</def>

<h1>Pygmy, Pygmean</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pyg"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pyg*me"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pygmaeus</ets>. See <er>Pygmy</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a pygmy; resembling a pygmy or dwarf; dwarfish; very small.</def> " Like that <i>Pygmean</i> race."

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>Pygmy antelope</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the kleeneboc.</cd> -- <col>Pygmy goose</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of very small geese of the genus <spn>Nettapus</spn>, native of Africa, India, and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Pygmy owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the gnome.</cd> <col>Pygmy parrot</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of very small green parrots (<spn>Nasitern\'91</spn>), native of New Guinea and adjacent islands. They are not larger than sparrows.</cd></cs>
<-- <col>Pygmy chimpanzee</col>, a species of anthropoid ape (<spn>Pan paniscus</spn>) resembling the chimpanzee, but somewhat smaller; also called <altname>bonobo</altname>.  It is considered (1996) as having the closest genetic relationship to humans of any other animal.  It is found in forests in Zaire, and is an endangered species. -->

<h1>Pygmy</h1>
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<hw>Pyg"my</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pygmies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>pygmaeus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ the fist, a measure of length, the distance from the elbow to the knuckles, about 131 inches. Cf. <er>Pugnacious</er>, <er>Fist</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pigmy</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>One of a fabulous race of dwarfs who waged war with the cranes, and were destroyed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, a short, insignificant person; a dwarf.</def>

<--3. one of a race of short forest-dwelling African peoples. -->

<blockquote><b>Pygmies</b> are <b>pygmies</b> still, though perched on Alps.
And pyramids are pyramids in vales.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pygobranchia</h1>
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<hw>Py`go*bran"chi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>pugh`</grk> the rump + <?/ a gill.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of opisthobranchiate mollusks having the branchi\'91 in a wreath or group around the anal opening, as in the genus Doris.</def>

<h1>Pygopod</h1>
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<hw>Py"go*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ rump + <ets>-pod</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Pygopodes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of serpentiform lizards of the family <spn>Pygopodid\'91</spn>, which have rudimentary hind legs near the anal cleft, but lack fore legs.</def>

<h1>Pygropodes</h1>
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<hw>Py*grop"o*des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of swimming birds which includes the grebes, divers, auks, etc., in which the legs are placed far back.</def>

<h1>Pygopodous</h1>
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<hw>Py*gop"o*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pygopodes.</def>

<h1>Pygostyle</h1>
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<hw>Py"go*style</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the rump + <?/ a pillar.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The plate of bone which forms the posterior end of the vertebral column in most birds; the plowshare bone; the vomer. It is formed by the union of a number of the last caudal vertebr\'91, and supports the uropigium.</def>

<h1>Pyin</h1>
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<hw>Py"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ pus.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. (Chem.)</fld> <def>An albuminoid constituent of pus, related to mucin, possibly a mixture of substances rather than a single body.</def>

<h1>Pyjama</h1>
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<hw>Py*ja"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>p\'bee-j\'bema</ets>, literally, leg clothing.]</ety> <def>In India and Persia, thin loose trowsers or drawers; in Europe and America, drawers worn at night, or a kind of nightdress with legs.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>paijama</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Pykar</h1>
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<hw>Pyk"ar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An ancient English fishing boat.</def>

<h1>Pyla</h1>
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<hw>Py"la</hw> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Pyl\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Pylas</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ an entrance.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The passage between the iter and optoc\'d2le in the brain.</def>

<i>B. G. Wilder.</i>

<h1>Pylagore</h1>
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<hw>Pyl"a*gore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ Pyl\'91, or Thermopyl\'91, where the Amphictyonic council met + <?/ to assemble: cf. F. <ets>pylagore</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>a deputy of a State at the Amphictyonic council.</def>

<h1>Pylangium</h1>
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<hw>Py*lan"gi*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pylangia</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ an entrance + <?/ a vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The first and undivided part of the aortic trunk in the amphibian heart.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Py*lan"gi*al</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pylon</h1>
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<hw>Py"lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a gateway.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A low tower, having a truncated pyramidal form, and flanking an ancient Egyptian gateway.</def>

<blockquote>Massive <b>pylons</b> adorned with obelisks in front.
<i>J. W. Draper.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An Egyptian gateway to a large building (with or without flanking towers)</def>.

<h1>Pyloric</h1>
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<hw>Py*lor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pylorique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pylorus; <as>as, the <ex>pyloric</ex> end of the stomach</as>.</def>

<h1>Pylorus</h1>
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<hw>Py*lo"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pylori</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ pylorus, gate keeper; <?/ a gate + <?/ watcher, guardian.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The opening from the stomach into the intestine.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A posterior division of the stomach in some invertebrates.</def>

<h1>Pyne</h1>
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<hw>Pyne</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Pine</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pynoun</h1>
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<hw>Py*noun"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pennant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Pyocyanin</h1>
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<hw>Py`o*cy"a*nin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ pus + <?/ dark blue.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. (Chem.)</fld> <def>A blue coloring matter found in the pus from old sores, supposed to be formed through the agency of a species of bacterium (<spn>Bacillus pyocyaneus</spn>).</def><-- now, Pseudomonas aeruginosa <chform>C13H10N2O</chform>-->

<h1>Pyogenic</h1>
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<hw>Py`o*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ pus + root of <?/ to be born.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Producing or generating pus.</def>

<h1>Pyoid</h1>
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<hw>Py"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ pus + -<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to pus; of the nature of, or like, pus.</def>

<cs><col>Pyoid corpuscles</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>cells of a size larger than pus corpuscles, containing two or more of the latter.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pyopneumothorax</h1>
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<hw>Py`op*neu`mo*tho"rax</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ pus + E. <ets>pneumothorax</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Accumulation of air, or other gas, and of pus, in the pleural cavity.</def>

<h1>Pyot</h1>
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<hw>Py"ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The magpie. See <er>Piet</er>.</def>

<h1>Pyoxanthose</h1>
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<hw>Py`o*xan"those</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ pus + <?/ yellow.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. (Chem.)</fld> <def>A greenish yellow crystalline coloring matter found with pyocyanin in pus.</def>

<h1>Pyracanth</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"a*canth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fire + <?/ a thorn, prickly plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The evergreen thorn (<spn>Crat\'91gus Pyracantha</spn>), a shrub native of Europe.</def>

<h1>Pyral</h1>
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<hw>Py"ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a pyre.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pyralid</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"a*lid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pyralis</ets>, <ets>-idis</ets>, a kind of winged insect.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any moth of the family <spn>Pyralid\'91</spn>. The species are numerous and mostly small, but some of them are very injurious, as the bee moth, meal moth, hop moth, and clover moth.</def>

<h1>Pyramid</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"a*mid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pyramis</ets>, <ets>-idis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, of Egyptian origin: cf. F. <ets>pyramide</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A solid body standing on a triangular, square, or polygonal base, and terminating in a point at the top; especially, a structure or edifice of this shape.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A solid figure contained by a plane rectilineal figure as base and several triangles which have a common vertex and whose bases are sides of the base.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Billiards)</fld> <def>The game of pool in which the balls are placed in the form of a triangle at spot.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<-- financial scheme -->

<cs><col>Altitude of a pyramid</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the perpendicular distance from the vertex to the plane of the base.</cd> -- <col>Axis of a pyramid</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a straight line drawn from the vertex to the center of the base.</cd> -- <col>Earth pyramid</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Earth pillars</cref>, under <er>Earth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Right pyramid</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>a pyramid whose axis is perpendicular to the base.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pyramidal</h1>
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<hw>Py*ram`i*dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pyramidal</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a pyramid; in the form of a a pyramid; pyramidical; <as>as, <ex>pyramidal</ex> cleavage</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The mystic obelisks stand up
Triangular, <b>pyramidal</b>.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1169">
Page 1169<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Tetragonal</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Pyramidal numbers</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>certain series of figurate numbers expressing the number of balls or points that may be arranged in the form of pyramids. Thus 1, 4, 10, 20, 35, etc., are <i>trangular pyramidal numbers<i>; and 1, 5, 14, 30, 55, etc., are <i>square pyramidal numbers<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pyramidal</h1>
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<hw>Py*ram"i*dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the carpal bones. See <er>Cuneiform</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2 <sd>(b)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Pyramidally</h1>
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<hw>Py*ram"i*dal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Like a pyramid.</def>

<h1>Pyramidic, Pyramidical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pyr`a*mid"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pyr`a*mid"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a pyramid; having the form of a pyramid; pyramidal.</def> " A <i>pyramidical</i> rock." <i>Goldsmith</i>. "Gold in <i>pyramidic</i> plenty piled." <i>Shenstone</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Pyr`a*mid"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <wf>Pyr`a*mild"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Pyramidion</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`a*mid"i*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pyramidia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>pyramis</ets>. See <er>Pyramid</er>.]</ety> <def>The small pyramid which crowns or completes an obelisk.</def>

<h1>Pyramidoid</h1>
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<hw>Py*ram"i*doid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, pyramid + <ets>-id</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pyramido\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>A solid resembling a pyramid; -- called also <altname>pyramoid</altname>.</def>

<i>Barlow.</i>

<h1>Pyramis</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"a*mis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pyramides</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A pyramid.</def>

<h1>Pyramoid</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"a*moid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Pyramidoid</er>.</def>

<h1>Pyrargyrite</h1>
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<hw>Py*rar"gy*rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fire + <?/ silver.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Ruby silver; dark red silver ore. It is a sulphide of antimony and silver, occurring in rhombohedral crystals or massive, and is of a dark red or black color with a metallic adamantine luster.</def>

<h1>Pyre</h1>
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<hw>Pyre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pure</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ fire. See <er>Fire</er>.]</ety> <def>A funeral pile; a combustible heap on which the dead are burned; hence, any pile to be burnt.</def>

<blockquote>For nine long nights, through all the dusky air,
The <b>pyres</b> thick flaming shot a dismal glare.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pyrena</h1>
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<hw>Py*re"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pyren\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, the stone of fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A nutlet resembling a seed, or the kernel of a drupe.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Pyrene</h1>
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<hw>Py"rene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fire.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the less volatile hydrocarbons of coal tar, obtained as a white crystalline substance, <chform>C16H10</chform>.</def>

<h1>Pyrene</h1>
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<hw>Py"rene</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pyrena</er>.</def>

<h1>Pyrenean</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`e*ne"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Pyrenaei</ets> (sc. <ets>monte</ets>s) the Pyrenees, fr. <ets>Pyrene</ets>, Gr.<?/ a daughter of Bebryx, beloved by Hercules, and buried upon these mountains.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pyrenees, a range of mountains separating France and Spain.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The Pyrenees.</def></def2>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Pyrenoid</h1>
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<hw>Py*re"noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ like a kernel. See <er>Pyrena</er>, and <er>-oid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A transparent body found in the chromatophores of certain Infusoria.</def>

<h1>Pyrethrin</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"eth*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Pyrethrum</ets>, generic name of feverfew, Gr. <?/ feverfew.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance resembling, and isomeric with, ordinary camphor, and extracted from the essential oil of feverfew; -- called also <altname>Pyrethrum camphor</altname>.</def><-- a complex of several substances.  Used as insecticides. -->

<h1>Pyrethrine</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"eth*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid extracted from the root of the pellitory of Spain (<spn>Anacyclus pyrethrum</spn>).</def>

<h1>Pyretic</h1>
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<hw>Py*ret"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ burning heat, fever, from <?/ fire: cf. F. <ets>pyr\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to fever; febrile.</def>

<h1>Pyretology</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`e*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fever + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pyr\'82tologie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A discourse or treatise on fevers; the doctrine of fevers.</def>

<i>Hooper.</i>

<h1>Pyrexia</h1>
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<hw>Py*rex"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pyrexi\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to be feverish, akin to <?/ fever.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The febrile condition.</def>

<h1>Pyrexial, Pyrexical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Py*rex"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Py*rex"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to fever; feverish.</def>

<h1>Pyrgom</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"gom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a place furnished with towers, fr. <?/ a tower.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of pyroxene; -- called also <altname>fassaite</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pyrheliometer</h1>
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<hw>Pyr*he`li*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fire + <?/ sun + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the direct heating effect of the sun's rays.</def>

<h1>Pyridic</h1>
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<hw>Py*rid"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Related to, or formed from, pyridin or its homologues; <as>as, the <ex>pyridic</ex> bases</as>.</def>

<h1>Pyridine</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"i*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Gr. <?/ fire.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous base, <chform>C5H5N</chform>, obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor. It is the nucleus of a large number of organic substances, among which several vegetable alkaloids, as nicotine and certain of the ptoma\'8bnes, may be mentioned. See <er>Lutidine</er>.</def>

<h1>Pyridyl</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"i*dyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyrid</ets>ine + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hypothetical radical, <chform>C5H4N</chform>, regarded as the essential residue of pyridine, and analogous to phenyl.</def>

<h1>Pyriform</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pyrum</ets>, <ets>pirum</ets>, a pear + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pyriforme</ets>, <ets>piriforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of a pear; pear-shaped.</def>

<h1>Pyritaceous</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`i*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to pyrites. See <er>Pyritic</er>.</def>

<h1>Pyrite</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pyrites</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pyrite</ets>. See <er>Pyrites</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A common mineral of a pale brass-yellow color and brilliant metallic luster, crystallizing in the isometric system; iron pyrites; iron disulphide.</def>

<blockquote>Hence sable coal his massy couch extends,
And stars of gold the sparkling <b>pyrite</b> blends.
<i>E. Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pyrites</h1>
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<hw>Py*ri"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ fire. See <er>Pyre</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A name given to a number of metallic minerals, sulphides of iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, and tin, of a white or yellowish color.</def>

<note>&hand; The term was originally applied to the mineral pyrite, or iron pyrites, in allusion to its giving sparks when struck with steel.</note>

<cs><col>Arsenical pyrites</col>, <cd>arsenopyrite.</cd> -- <col>Auriferous pyrites</col>. <cd>See under <er>Auriferous</er>.</cd> -- <col>Capillary pyrites</col>, <cd>millerite.</cd> -- <col>Common pyrites</col>, <cd>isometric iron disulphide; pyrite.</cd> -- <col>Hair pyrites</col>, <cd>millerite.</cd> -- <col>Iron pyrites</col>. <cd>See <er>Pyrite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Magnetic pyrites</col>, <cd>pyrrhotite.</cd> -- <col>Tin pyrites</col>, <cd>stannite.</cd> -- <col>White iron pyrites</col>, <cd>orthorhombic iron disulphide; marcasite. This includes cockscomb pyrites (a variety of marcasite, named in allusion to its form), spear pyrites, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Yellow</col>, &or; <col>Copper</col>, <col>pyrites</col></mcol>, <cd>the sulphide of copper and iron; chalcopyrite.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pyritic, Pyritical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Py*rit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Py*rit"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to pyrites; consisting of, or resembling, pyrites.</def>

<h1>Pyritiferous</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`i*tif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyrites</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Containing or producing pyrites.</def>

<h1>Pyritize</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"i*tize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pyritiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To convert into pyrites.</def>

<h1>Pyritohedral</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`i*to*he"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pyritohedron</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Like pyrites in hemihedral form.</def>

<h1>Pyritohedron</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`i*to*he"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyrite</ets> + Gr. <?/ base.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The pentagonal dodecahedron, a common form of pyrite.</def>

<h1>Pyritoid</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"i*toid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyrite</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Pyritohedron.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Pyritology</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`i*tol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of fire + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of blowpipe analysis.</def>

<h1>Pyritous</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"i*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pyritic.</def>

<h1>Pyro-, Pyr-</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pyro-</hw>, <hw>Pyr-</hw><hw>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, fire.]</ety> <def>Combining forms designating <i>fire</i> or <i>heat</i>; specifically <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, used to imply an actual or theoretical <i>derivative by the action of heat</i>; as in <i>pyro</i>phosphoric, <i>pyro</i>sulphuric, <i>pyro</i>tartaric, <i>pyro</i>tungstic, etc.</def>

<h1>Pyro</h1>
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<hw>Py"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>Abbreviation of <i>pyrogallic acid</i>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Pyroacetic</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*a*ce"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>acetic</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pyroac\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, and designating, a substance (acetone) obtained by the distillation of the acetates. It is now called also <altname>pyroacetic ether</altname>, and formerly was called <altname>pyroacetic spirit</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pyroacid</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*ac"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>acid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An acid obtained by sybjecting another acid to the action of heat. Cf. <er>Pyro-</er>.</def>

<h1>Pyroantimonate</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*an`ti*mo"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of pyroantimonic acid.</def>

<h1>Pyroantimonic</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*an`ti*mon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>antimonic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of antimony analogous to pyrophosphoric acid.</def>

<h1>Pyroarsenate</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*ar"se*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of pyroarsenic acid.</def>

<h1>Pyroarsenic</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*ar*sen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>arsenic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to or designating, an acid of arsenic analogous to pyrophosphoric acid.</def>

<h1>Pyroborate</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*bo"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of pyroboric acid.</def>

<h1>Pyroboric</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*bo"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>boric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to derived from, or designating, an acid, <chform>H2B4O7</chform> (called also <altname>tetraboric</altname> acid), which is the acid ingredient of ordinary borax, and is obtained by heating boric acid.</def>

<h1>Pyrocatechin</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*cat"e*chin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>catechu</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline substance, <chform>C6H4(OH)2</chform>, of the phenol series, found in various plants; -- so called because first obtained by distillation of gum <i>catechu</i>. Called also <altname>catechol</altname>, <altname>oxyphenol</altname>. etc.</def>

<h1>Pyrochlore</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"o*chlore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ pale green.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A niobate of calcium, cerium, and other bases, occurring usually in octahedrons of a yellowish or brownish color and resinous luster; -- so called from its becoming grass-green on being subjected to heat under the blowpipe.</def>

<h1>Pyrocitric</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*cit"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>citric</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pyrocitrique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, any one of three acids obtained by the distillation of citric acid, and called respectively <altname>citraconic</altname>, <altname>itaconic</altname>, and <altname>mesaconic</altname> <it>acid.</it></def>

<h1>Purocoll</h1>
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<hw>Pur"o*coll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Puro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ glue.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow crystalline substance allied to pyrrol, obtained by the distillation of gelatin.</def>

<h1>Pyroelectric</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*e*lec"tric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>electric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or dependent on, pyroelectricity; receiving electric polarity when heated.</def>

<h1>Pyroelectric</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*e*lec"tric</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A substance which becomes electrically polar when heated, exhibiting opposite charges of statical electricity at two separate parts, especially the two extremities.</def>

<h1>Pyroelectricity</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*e`lec*tric"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Electricity developed by means of heat; the science which treats of electricity thus developed.</def>

<h1>Pyrogallate</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*gal"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of pyrogallic acid; an ether of pyrogallol.</def>

<h1>Pyrogallic</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*gal"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>gallic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid called <i>pyrogallol</i>. See <er>Pyrogallol</er>.</def>

<h1>Pyrogallol</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*gal"lol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyrogallic</ets> + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A phenol metameric with phloroglucin, obtained by the distillation of gallic acid as a poisonous white crystalline substance having acid properties, and hence called also <altname>pyrogallic acid</altname>. It is a strong reducer, and is used as a developer in photography and in the production of certain dyes.</def>

<h1>Pyrogen</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pyrogenous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Electricity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A poison separable from decomposed meat infusions, and supposed to be formed from albuminous matter through the agency of bacteria.</def>

<h1>Pyrogenic</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*gen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets> + <ets>-ic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Producing heat; -- said of substances, as septic poisons, which elevate the temperature of the body and cause fever.</def>

<h1>Pyrogenous</h1>
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<hw>Py*rog"e*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ fire + <ets>genous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>purog\'8ane</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Produced by fire; igneous.</def>

<i>Mantell. .</i>

<h1>Pyrognostic</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`og*nos"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to know.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to characters developed by the use of heat; pertaining to the characters of minerals when examined before the blowpipe; <as>as, the <ex>pyrognostic</ex> characters of galena</as>.</def>

<h1>Pyrognostics</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`og*nos"tics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The characters of a mineral observed by the use of the blowpipe, as the degree of fusibility, flame coloration, etc.</def>

<h1>Pyrography</h1>
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<hw>Py*rog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A process of printing, ornamenting, or carving, by burning with heated instruments.</def>

<h1>Pyrolator</h1>
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<hw>Py*rol"a*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pyrolatry</er>.]</ety> <def>A fire worshiper.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Pyrolatry</h1>
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<hw>Py*rol"a*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ worship: cf. F. <ets>pyrol\'83trie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The worship of fire.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Pyroligneous, Pyrolignic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pyr`o*lig"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pyr`o*lig"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro</ets>-+ L. <ets>lignum</ets> wood: cf. F. <ets>pyroligneux</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, the acid liquid obtained in the distillation of wood, consisting essentially of impure acetic acid.</def>

<h1>Pyrolignous</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*lig"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Pyroligneous</er>.</def>

<h1>Pyrolithic</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*lith"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>lithic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pyrouric</er>, or <er>Cyanuric</er>.</def>

<h1>Pyrologist</h1>
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<hw>Py*rol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is versed in, or makes a study of, pyrology.</def>

<h1>Pyrology</h1>
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<hw>Py*rol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pyrologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of physical science which treats of the properties, phenomena, or effects of heat; also, a treatise on heat.</def>

<h1>Pyrolusite</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*lu"site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to loose, or <?/ a loosing.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Manganese dioxide, a mineral of an iron-black or dark steel-gray color and metallic luster, usually soft.  Pyrolusite parts with its oxygen at a red heat, and is extensively used in discharging the brown and green tints of glass (whence its name).</def>

<h1>Pyromagnetic</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*mag*net"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>magnetic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Acting by the agency of heat and magnetism; <as>as, a <ex>pyromagnetic</ex> machine for producing electric currents</as>.</def>

<h1>Pyromalate</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*ma"late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of pyromalic acid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Pyromalic</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*ma"lic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>malic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid now called <i>maleic acid</i>.</def>

<h1>Pyromancy</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"o*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ fire + <?/ divination: cf. F. <ets>pyromancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of fire.</def>

<h1>Pyromania</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"o*ma"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>mania</ets>.]</ety> <def>An insane disposition to incendiarism.</def>

<h1>Pyromantic</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"o*man"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to pyromancy.</def>

<h1>Pyromantic</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*man"tic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>One who pretends to divine by fire.</def>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Pyrometer</h1>
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<hw>Py*rom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pyrom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument used for measuring the expansion of solid bodies by heat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring degrees of heat above those indicated by the mercurial thermometer.</def>

<note>&hand; It is usually constructed so as to register the change which the heat to be measured produces in the length of some expansible substance, as a metallic rod, or in the intensity of a thermo-electric current.</note>

<h1>Pyrometric, Pyrometrical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pyr`o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pyr`o*met"ric*al</hw><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pyrom\'82trique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained by, the pyrometer; <as>as, <ex>pyrometrical</ex> instruments; <ex>pyrometrical</ex> measurements.</as></def>

<h1>Pyrometry</h1>
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<hw>Py*rom"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of measuring degrees of heat, or the expansion of bodies by heat.</def>

<h1>Pyromorphite</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*mor"phite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>pyromorphit</ets>, from Gr. <?/ fire + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native lead phosphate with lead chloride, occurring in bright green and brown hexagonal crystals and also massive; -- so called because a fused globule crystallizes in cooling.</def>

<h1>Pyromorphous</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*mor"phous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>-morphous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Having the property of crystallizing by the agency of fire.</def>

<h1>Pyromucate</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*mu"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of pyromucic acid.</def>

<h1>Pyromucic</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*mu"cic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>mucic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid obtained as a white crystalline substance by the distillation of mucic acid, or by the oxidation of furfurol.</def>

<h1>Pyronomics</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*nom"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ law.]</ety> <def>The science of heat.</def>

<h1>Pyrope</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"ope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pyropus</ets> a kind of red bronze, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ fire + <?/ the eye, face: cf. F. <ets>pyrope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of garnet, of a poppy or blood-red color, frequently with a tinge of orange. It is used as a gem. See the Note under <er>Garnet</er>.</def>

<h1>Pyrophane</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"o*phane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pyrophanous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral which is opaque in its natural state, but is said to change its color and become transparent by heat.</def>

<h1>Pyrophanous</h1>
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<hw>Py*roph"a*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to show, pass, to shine.]</ety> <def>Rendered transparent by heat.</def>

<h1>Pyrophone</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"o*phone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ sound.]</ety> <def>A musical instrument in which the tones are produced by flames of hydrogen, or illuminating gas, burning in tubes of different sizes and lengths.</def>

<h1>Pyrophoric, Pyrophorous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pyr`o*phor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Py*roph"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to bear.]</ety> <def>Light-producing; of or pertaining to pyrophorus.</def>

<cs><col>Pyrophoric iron</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>finely reduced iron, which ignites spontaneously on contact with air.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pyrophorus</h1>
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<hw>Py*roph"o*rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Pyrophorous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of several substances or mixtures which phosphoresce or ignite spontaneously on exposure to air, as a heated mixture of alum, potash, and charcoal, or a mixture of charcoal and finely divided lead.</def>

<h1>Pyrophosphate</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"o*phos"phate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of pyrophosphoric acid.</def>

<h1>Pyrophosphoric</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*phos*phor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>phosphoric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, <chform>H4P2O7</chform>, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance. Its salts are obtained by heating the phosphates.</def>

<h1>Pyrophyllite</h1>
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<hw>Py*roph"yl*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral, usually of a white or greenish color and pearly luster, consisting chiefly of the hydrous silicate of alumina.</def>

<h1>Pyroscope</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pyroscope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the intensity of heat radiating from a fire, or the cooling influence of bodies. It is a differential thermometer, having one bulb coated with gold or silver leaf.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="1170">
Page 1170<p>

<h1>Pyrosis</h1>
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<hw>Py*ro"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr Gr. <?/ a burning, an inflammation, fr. <?/ to burn, fr. <?/ fire.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Water brash</cref>, under <er>Brash</er>.</def>

<h1>Pyrosmalite</h1>
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<hw>Py*ros"ma*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ odor + <ets>-like</ets>. ]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral, usually of a pale brown or of a gray or grayish green color, consisting chiefly of the hydrous silicate of iron and manganese; -- so called from the odor given off before the blowpipe.</def>

<h1>Pyrosome</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"o*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>-some</ets> body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any compound ascidian of the genus <spn>Pyrosoma</spn>. The pyrosomes form large hollow cylinders, sometimes two or three feet long, which swim at the surface of the sea and are very phosphorescent.</def>

<h1>Pyrosulphate</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*sul"phate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of pyrosulphuric acid.</def>

<h1>Pyrosulphuric</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*sul*phu"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>-sulphuric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid called also <i>disulphuric acid</i>) obtained by distillation of certain sulphates, as a colorless, thick, oily liquid, <chform>H2S2O7</chform> resembling sulphuric acid. It is used in the solution of indigo, in the manufacture of alizarin, and in dehydration.</def>

<h1>Pygotartaric</h1>
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<hw>Pyg`o*tar*tar"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>tartaric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained as a white crystalline substance by the distillation of tartaric acid.</def>

<h1>Pyrotartrate</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*tar"trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of pyrotartaric acid.</def>

<h1>Pyrotechnian</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*tech"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pyrotechnist.</def>

<h1>Pyrotechnic, Pyrotechnical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pyr`o*tech"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pyr`o*tech"nic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>technic</ets>, technical: cf. F. <ets>pyrotechnique</ets>. See <er>Fire</er>, <er>Technical</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to fireworks, or the art of forming them.</def>

<cs><col>Pyrotechnical sponge</col>. <cd>See under <er>Sponge</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pyrotechnician</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*tech*ni"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A pyrotechnist.</def>

<h1>Pyrotechnics</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*tech"nics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of making fireworks; the manufacture and use of fireworks; pyrotechny.</def>

<h1>Pyrotechnist</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*tech"nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in pyrotechny; one who manufactures fireworks.</def>

<i>Steevens.</i>

<h1>Pyrotechny</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*tech`ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pyrotechnie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The use and application of fire in science and the arts.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Same as <er>Pyrotechnics</er>.</def>

<h1>Pyrothonide</h1>
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<hw>Py*roth"o*nide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ linen.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A kind of empyreumatic oil produced by the combustion of textures of hemp, linen, or cotton in a copper vessel, -- formerly used as a remedial agent.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Pyrotic</h1>
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<hw>Py*rot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to burn, fr. <?/, <?/, fire: cf. F. <ets>pyrotique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Caustic. See <er>Caustic</er>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A caustic medicine.</def></def2>

<h1>Pyrotritartaric</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*tri`tar*tar"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>tri-</ets> + <ets>tartaric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Designating an acid which is more commonly called <altname>uric</altname> acid.</def>

<h1>Pyrotungstic</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*tung"stic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Polytungstic. See <er>Metatungstic</er>.</def>

<h1>Pyro\'81ric</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*\'81"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>uric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid now called <altname>cyanuric</altname> acid. See <er>Cyanuric</er>.</def>

<h1>Pyrovanadic</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*va*nad"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + <ets>vanadic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of vanadium, analogous to pyrophosphoric acid.</def>

<h1>Pyroxanthin</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`o*xan"thin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ yellow.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow crystalline hydrocardon extracted from crude wood spirit; -- called also <altname>eblanin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pyroxene</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"ox*ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>pyrox\'8ane</ets>, from Gr. <?/ fire + <?/ a stranger; -- so called because it was supposed to the be a stranger, or of rare occurrence, in igneous rocks,]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A common mineral occurring in monoclinic crystals, with a prismatic angle of nearly 90&deg;, and also in massive forms which are often laminated. It varies in color from white to dark green and black, and includes many varieties differing in color and composition, as diopside, malacolite, salite, coccolite, augite, etc. They are all silicates of lime and magnesia with sometimes alumina and iron. Pyroxene is an essential constituent of many rocks, especially basic igneous rocks, as basalt, gabbro, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; The pyroxene group contains pyroxene proper, also the related orthorhombic species, enstatite, bronzite, hypersthene, and various monoclinic and triclinic species, as rhodonite, etc.</note>

<h1>Pyroxenic</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`ox*en"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pyrox\'82nique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing pyroxene; composed chiefly of pyroxene.</def>

<h1>Pyroxenite</h1>
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<hw>Py*rox"e*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A rock consisting essentially of pyroxene.</def>

<h1>Pyroxyle</h1>
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<hw>Py*rox"yle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>pyroxyle</ets>. See <er>Pyroxylic</er>, <er>-yl</er>.]</ety>

<h1>Pyroxylic</h1>
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<hw>Pyr`ox*yl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ wood.]</ety> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>Derived from wood by distillation; -- formerly used in designating crude wood spirit.</def>

<h1>Pyroxylin</h1>
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<hw>Py*rox"y*lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance resembling gun cotton in composition and properties, but distinct in that it is more highly nitrified and is soluble in alcohol, ether, etc.; -- called also <altname>pyroxyle</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pyrrhic</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"rhic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pyrrhichius</ets>, Gr. <?/ belonging to the <?/ (sc. <?/) a kind of war dance.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to an ancient Greek martial dance.</def> " ye have the <i>pyrrhic</i> dance as yet."

<i>Byron.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a pyrrhic, or to pyrrhics; containing pyrrhic; <as>as, a <ex>pyrrhic</ex> verse</as>.</def>

<-- Pyrrhic victory [From Pyrrhus, king of Epirus], a victory in which the winning side sustains very heavy losses.  (b) any act supposedly benefitting the actor, for which the costs outweight the benefits. -->

<h1>Pyrrhic</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"rhic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>pyrrhique</ets>, fem.]</ety> <def>An ancient Greek martial dance, to the accompaniment of the flute, its time being very quick.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[L. <ets>pyrrhichius</ets> (sc. <ets>pes</ets>), Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/): cf. F. <ets>pyrrhique</ets>, masc.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A foot consisting of two short syllables.</def>

<h1>Pyrrhicist</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"rhi*cist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>One two danced the pyrrhic.</def>

<h1>Pyrrhonean, Pyrrhonic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pyr*rho"ne*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pyr*rhon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Pyrrhon\'88us</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pyrrhonien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to pyrrhonism.</def>

<h1>Pyrrhonism</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"rho*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Pyrrho</ets>, the founder of a school of skeptics in Greece (about 300 <er>b</er>. <er>c</er>.): cf. F. <ets>pyrrhonisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Skepticism; universal doubt.</def>

<h1>Pyrrhonist</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"rho*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A follower of Pyrrho; a skeptic.</def>

<h1>Pyrrhotine, Pyrrhotite</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pyr"rho*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pyr"rho*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flame-colored, fr. <?/ fire.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A bronze-colored mineral, of metallic luster. It is a sulphide of iron, and is remarkable for being attracted by the magnet. Called also <altname>magnetic pyrites</altname>.</def>

<h1>Pyrrol</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"rol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ flame-colored (from <?/ fire) + L. <ets>ol</ets>eum oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous base found in coal tar, bone oil, and other distillates of organic substances, and also produced synthetically as a colorless liquid, <chform>C4H5N</chform>, having on odor like that of chloroform. It is the nucleus and origin of a large number of derivatives. So called because it colors a splinter of wood moistened with hydrochloric acid a <i>deep red</i>.</def>

<h1>Pyrroline</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"ro*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous base, <chform>C4H7N</chform>, obtained as a colorless liquid by the reduction of pyrrol.</def>

<h1>Pyrula</h1>
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<hw>Pyr"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>pyrus</ets> a pear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of large marine gastropods. having a pear-shaped shell. It includes the fig-shells. See <i>Illust</i>. in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Pyruric</h1>
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<hw>Py*ru"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Pyro\'81ric</er>.</def>

<h1>Pyrus</h1>
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<hw>Py"rus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pyrus</ets>, or better <ets>pirus</ets>, pear tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of rosaceous trees and shrubs having pomes for fruit. It includes the apple, crab apple, pear, chokeberry, sorb, and mountain ash.</def>

<h1>Pyruvic</h1>
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<hw>Py*ru"vic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Pyro-</ets> + L. <ets>uva</ets> a grape.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (called also <i>pyroracemic acid</i>) obtained, as a liquid having a pungent odor, by the distillation of racemic acid.</def>

<h1>Pyruvil</h1>
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<hw>Py*ru"vil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A complex nitrogenous compound obtained by heating together pyruvic acid and urea.</def>

<h1>Pythagorean</h1>
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<hw>Pyth`a*go"re*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Pythagoreus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Pythagoras (a Greek philosopher, born about 582 <sc>b. c.</sc>), or his philosophy.</def>

<blockquote>The central thought of the <b>Pythagorean</b> philosophy is the idea of number, the recognition of the numerical and mathematical relations of things.
<i>Encyc. Brit.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Pythagorean proposition</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the theorem that the square described upon the hypothenuse of a plane right-angled triangle is equal to the sum of the squares described upon the other two sides.</cd><-- = Pythagorean theorem. --> -- <col>Pythagorean system</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the commonly received system of astronomy, first taught by Pythagoras, and afterward revived by Copernicus, whence it is also called the <altname>Copernican system</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Pythagorean letter</col>. <cd>See <er>Y.</er></cd></cs>

<h1>Pythagorean</h1>
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<hw>Pyth`a*go"re*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A follower of Pythagoras; one of the school of philosophers founded by Pythagoras.</def>

<h1>Pythagoreanism</h1>
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<hw>Pyth`a*go"re*an*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrines of Pythagoras or the Pythagoreans.</def>

<blockquote>As a philosophic school <b>Pythagoreanism</b> became extinct in Greece about the middle of the 4th century [<sc>B. C.</sc>].
<i>Encyc. Brit.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Pythagoric, Pythagorical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Pyth`a*gor"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Pyth`a*gor"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>Pythagoricus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>pythagorique</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Pythagorean</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Pythagorism</h1>
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<hw>Py*thag"o*rism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>The doctrines taught by Pythagoras.</def>

<note>&hand; Pythagoras made numbers the basis of his philosophical system, as well physical as metaphysical. The doctrine of the transmigration of souls (metempsychosis) is associated closely with name of Pythagoras.</note>

<h1>Pythagorize</h1>
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<hw>Py*thag"o*rize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Pythagorized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Pythagorizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To speculate after the manner of Pythagoras.</def>

<h1>Pythiad</h1>
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<hw>Pyth"i*ad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Pythian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The period intervening between one celebration of the Pythian games and the next.</def>

<h1>Pythian</h1>
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<hw>Pyth"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Pythius</ets>, Gr. <?/ belonging to Pytho, the older name of Delphi and its environs: cf. F. <ets>pythien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Delphi, to the temple of Apollo, or to the priestess of Apollo, who delivered oracles at Delphi.</def>

<cs><col>Pythian games</col> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>one of the four great national festivals of ancient Greece, celebrated near Delphi, in honor of Apollo, the conqueror of the dragon Python, at first once in eight years, afterward once in four.</cd></cs>

<h1>Pythocenic</h1>
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<hw>Pyth`o*cen"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ to rot + <?/ origin.]</ety> <def>Producing decomposition, as diseases which are supposed to be accompanied or caused by decomposition.</def>

<h1>Python</h1>
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<hw>Py"thon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>Python</ets> the serpent slain near Delphi by Apollo, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of very large snakes of the genus <spn>Python</spn>, and allied genera, of the family <spn>Pythonid\'91</spn>. They are nearly allied to the boas. Called also <altname>rock snake</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The pythons have small pelvic bones, or anal spurs, two rows of subcaudal scales, and pitted labials. They are found in Africa, Asia, and the East Indies.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A diviner by spirits.</def> "[Manasses] observed omens, and appointed <i>pythons</i>." <i>4 Kings xxi. 6 (Douay version)</i>.

<h1>Pythoness</h1>
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<hw>Pyth"o*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pythonissa</ets>: cf. F. <ets>pythonisse</ets>. See <er>Pythian</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The priestess who gave oracular answers at Delphi in Greece.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any woman supposed to have a spirit of divination; a sort of witch.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Pythonic</h1>
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<hw>Py*thon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pythonicus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Pythian</er>.]</ety> <def>Prophetic; oracular; pretending to foretell events.</def>

<h1>Pythonism</h1>
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<hw>Pyth"o*nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art of predicting events after the manner of the priestess of Apollo at Delphi; equivocal prophesying.</def>

<h1>Pythonist</h1>
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<hw>Pyth"o*nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A conjurer; a diviner.</def>

<h1>Pythonomorpha</h1>
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<hw>Pyth`o*no*mor"pha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Python</er>, and <er>-morphous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Mosasauria</er>.</def>

<h1>Pyuria</h1>
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<hw>Py*u"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ pus + <?/ urine.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid condition in which pus is discharged in the urine.</def>

<h1>Pyx</h1>
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<hw>Pyx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, )</fl<tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>pyxis</ets> a box, Gr. <?/ a box, especially of boxwood, fr. <?/ the box tree or boxwood. See <er>Box</er> a receptacle.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>pix</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>( R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The box, case, vase, or tabernacle, in which the host is reserved.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A box used in the British mint as a place of deposit for certain sample coins taken for a trial of the weight and fineness of metal before it is sent from the mint.</def>

<i>Mushet.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The box in which the compass is suspended; the binnacle.</def> <i>Weale</i>.

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pyxis</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Pyx cloth</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.d>, <cd>a veil of silk or lace covering the pyx.</cd> <col>Trial of the pyx</col>, <cd>the annual testing, in the English mint, of the standard of gold and silver coins.</cd></cs>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Pyx</h1>
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<hw>Pyx</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To test as to weight and fineness, as the coins deposited in the pyx.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<i>Mushet.</i>

<h1>Pyxidate</h1>
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<hw>Pyx"i*date</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a pyxidium.</def>

<h1>Pyxidium</h1>
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<hw>Pyx*id"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Pyxidia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, dim. a <?/ a box. See <er>Pyx</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A pod which divides circularly into an upper and lower half, of which the former acts as a kind of lid, as in the pimpernel and purslane.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The theca of mosses.</def>

<h1>Pyxle</h1>
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<hw>Pyx"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pixy</er>.</def>

<h1>Pyxis</h1>
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<hw>Pyx*is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A box; a pyx.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A pyxidium.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The acetabulum. See <er>Acetabulum</er>, <er>2</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="1171">
Page 1171<p>

<centered><point26>Q.</point26></centered>

<h1>Q</h1>
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<hw>Q</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, the seventeenth letter of the English alphabet, has but one sound (that of <i>k</i>), and is always followed by <i>u</i>, the two letters together being sounded like <i>kw</i>, except in some words in which the <i>u</i> is silent. See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect; 249. Q is not found in Anglo-Saxon, <i>cw</i> being used instead of <i>qu</i>; as in <i>cwic</i>, quick; <i>cwen</i>, queen. The name (k&umac;) is from the French <i>ku</i>, which is from the Latin name of the same letter; its form is from the Latin, which derived it, through a Greek alphabet, from the Ph&oe;nician, the ultimate origin being Egyptian.</def>

    Etymologically, <i>q</i> or <i>qu</i> is most nearly related to a (<i>ch</i>, <i>tch</i>), <i>p</i>, <i>q</i>, and <i>wh</i>; as in cud, <i>quid</i>, L. <i>equ</i>us, e<i>c</i>us, horse, Gr. <?/, whence E. <i>equ</i>ine, hi<i>pp</i>ic; L. <i>qu</i>od which, E. <i>wh</i>at; L. a<i>qu</i>ila, E. ea<i>q</i>le; E. ki<i>tch</i>en, OE. ki<i>che</i>ne, AS. cycene, L. co<i>qu</i>ina.

<h1>Qua</h1>
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<hw>Qua</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>conj.</tt> <ety>[L., abl. of <ets>qui</ets> who.]</ety> <def>In so far as; in the capacity or character of; as.</def>

<blockquote>It is with Shelley's biographers <b>qua</b> biographers that we have to deal.
<i>London Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quab</h1>
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<hw>Quab</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>kwab</ets> eelpout, Dan. <ets>quabbe</ets>, G. <ets>quabbe</ets>, <ets>quappe</ets>, LG. <ets>quabbe</ets> a fat lump of flesh, and L. <ets>capito</ets> a kind of fish with a large head, fr. <ets>caput</ets> the head, also E. <ets>squab</ets>.]</ety> <def>An unfledged bird; hence, something immature or unfinished.</def>

<i>Ford.</i>

<h1>Quab</h1>
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<hw>Quab</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Quob</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<h1>Qua-bird</h1>
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<hw>Qua"-bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American night heron. See under <er>Night</er>.</def>

<h1>Quacha</h1>
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<hw>Qua"cha</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The quagga.</def>

<h1>Quack</h1>
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<hw>Quack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Qvacked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quacking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of imitative origin; cf. D. <ets>kwaken</ets>, G. <ets>quacken</ets>, <ets>quaken</ets>, Icel. <ets>kvaka</ets> to twitter.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To utter a sound like the cry of a duck.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make vain and loud pretensions; to boast.</def> " To <i>quack</i> of universal cures."

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To act the part of a quack, or pretender.</def>

<h1>Quack</h1>
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<hw>Quack</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The cry of the duck, or a sound in imitation of it; a hoarse, quacking noise.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Quacksalver</er>.]</ety> <def>A boastful pretender to medical skill; an empiric; an ignorant practitioner.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, one who boastfully pretends to skill or knowledge of any kind not possessed; a charlatan.</def>

<blockquote><b>Quacks</b> political; <b>quacks</b> scientific, academical.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quack</h1>
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<hw>Quack</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to or characterized by, boasting and pretension; used by quacks; pretending to cure diseases; <as>as, a <ex>quack</ex> medicine; a <ex>quack</ex> doctor.</as></def>

<h1>Quackery</h1>
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<hw>Quack"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Quackeries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The acts, arts, or boastful pretensions of a quack; false pretensions to any art; empiricism.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Quack grass</h1>
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<hw>Quack" grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Quitch grass</er>.</def>

<h1>Quackish</h1>
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<hw>Quack"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a quack; boasting; characterized by quackery.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Quackism</h1>
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<hw>Quack"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quackery.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Quackle</h1>
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<hw>Quac"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quackled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quackling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.<er>Querken</er>.]</ety> <def>To suffocate; to choke.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Quacksalver</h1>
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<hw>Quack"sal*ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>kwakzalver</ets>; cf. <ets>kwakzalven</ets> to quack or boast of one's salves. See <er>Quack</er>, <er>Salve</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <def>One who boasts of his skill in medicines and salves, or of the efficacy of his prescriptions; a charlatan; a quack; a mountebank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Quad, Quade</h1>
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<hw><hw>Quad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Quade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Akin to AS. <ets>cw&aemac;d</ets>, <ets>cwead</ets>, dung, evil, G. <ets>kot</ets>, dung, OHG. <ets>qu\'bet</ets>.]</ety> <def>Evil; bad; baffling; <as>as, a <ex>quade</ex> wind</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sooth play, <b>quad</b> play, as the Fleming saith.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quad</h1>
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<hw>Quad</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A quadrat.</def>

<h1>Quad</h1>
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<hw>Quad</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A quadrangle; hence, a prison.</def> <mark>[Cant or Slang]</mark>

<h1>Quadra</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Quadr\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a square, the socle, a platband, a fillet.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The plinth, or lowest member, of any pedestal, podium, water table, or the like.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A fillet, or listel.</def>

<h1>Quadrable</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ra*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[See <er>Quadrate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>That may be sqyared, or reduced to an equivalent square; -- said of a surface when the area limited by a curve can be exactly found, and expressed in a finite number of algebraic terms.</def>

<h1>Quadragenarious</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ra*ge*na"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quadragenarius</ets>, fr. <ets>qyadrageni</ets> forty each.]</ety> <def>Consisting of forty; forty years old.</def>

<h1>Quadragene</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ra*gene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>quadragena</ets>, fr. L. <ets>quadrageni</ets> forty each, akin to <ets>quadraginta</ets> forty.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>An indulgence of forty days, corresponding to the forty days of ancient canonical penance.</def>

<h1>Quadragesima</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ra*ges"i*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>quadragesimus</ets> the fortieth, fr. <ets>quadraginta</ets> forty; akin to <ets>quattuor</ets> four. See <er>Four</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The forty days of fast preceding Easter; Lent.</def>

<cs><col>Quadragesima Sunday</col>, <cd>the first Sunday in Lent, about forty days before Easter.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quadragesimal</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ra*ges"i*mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>quadrag\'82simal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to Lent; used in Lent; Lenten.</def>

<h1>Quadragesimals</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ra*ges"i*mals</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Offerings formerly made to the mother church of a diocese on Mid-Lent Sunday.</def>

<h1>Quadrangle</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ran`gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>quadrangulum</ets>; <ets>quattuor</ets> four + <ets>angulus</ets> an angle. See <er>Four</er>, and <er>Angle</er> a corner.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A plane figure having four angles, and consequently four sides; any figure having four angles.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A square or quadrangular space or inclosure, such a space or court surrounded by buildings, esp. such a court in a college or public school in England.</def>

<h1>Quadrangular</h1>
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<hw>Quad*ran"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>quadrangulaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having four angles, and consequently four sides; tetragonal.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Quad*ran"gu*lar*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Quadrans</h1>
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<hw>Quad"rans</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Quadrantes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A fourth part of the coin called an as. See 3d As, 2.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The fourth of a penny; a farthing. See <er>Cur</er>.</def>

<h1>Quadrant</h1>
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<hw>Quad"rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quadrans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, a fourth part, a fourth of a whole, fr. <ets>quattuor</ets> four: cf. F. <ets>quadrant</ets>, <ets>cadran</ets>. See <er>Four</er>, and cf. <er>Cadrans</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fourth part; the quarter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The quarter of a circle, or of the circumference of a circle, an arc of 90&deg;, or one subtending a right angle at the center.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anal. (Geom.)</fld> <def>One of the four parts into which a plane is divided by the co\'94rdinate axes. The upper right-hand part is the <i>first quadrant</i>; the upper left-hand part the <i>second</i>; the lower left-hand part the <i>third</i>; and the lower right-hand part the <i>fourth quadrant</i>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An instrument for measuring altitudes, variously constructed and mounted for different specific uses in astronomy, surveying, gunnery, etc., consisting commonly of a graduated arc of 90&deg;, with an index or vernier, and either plain or telescopic sights, and usually having a plumb line or spirit level for fixing the vertical or horizontal direction.</def>

<cs><col>Gunner's quadrant</col>, <cd>an instrument consisting of a graduated limb, with a plumb line or spirit level, and an arm by which it is applied to a cannon or mortar in adjusting it to the elevation required for attaining the desired range.</cd> -- <col>Gunter's quadrant</col>. See <er>Gunter's quadrant</er>, in the Vocabulary. <col>Hadley's quadrant</col></mcol>, <cd>a hand instrument used chiefly at sea to measure the altitude of the sun or other celestial body in ascertaining the vessel's position. It consists of a frame in the form of an octant having a graduated scale upon its arc, and an index arm, or alidade pivoted at its apex. Mirrors, called the index glass and the horizon glass, are fixed one upon the index arm and the other upon one side of the frame, respectively. When the instrument is held upright, the index arm may be swung so that the index glass will reflect an image of the sun upon the horizon glass, and when the reflected image of the sun coincides, to the observer's eye, with the horizon as seen directly through an opening at the side of the horizon glass, the index shows the sun's altitude upon the scale; -- more properly, but less commonly, called an <i>octant<i>.</cd> -- <col>Quadrant of altitude</col>, <cd>an appendage of the artificial globe, consisting of a slip of brass of the length of a quadrant of one of the great circles of the globe, and graduated. It may be fitted to the meridian, and being movable round to all points of the horizon, serves as a scale in measuring altitudes, azimuths, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quadrantal</h1>
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<hw>Quad*ran"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quadrantalis</ets> containing the fourth fourth part of a measure.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a quadrant; also, included in the fourth part of a circle; <as>as, <ex>quadrantal</ex> space</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Quadrantal triangle</col>, <cd>a spherical triangle having one side equal to a quadrant or arc of 90&deg;.</cd> -- <col>Quadrantal versor</col>, <cd>a versor that expresses rotation through one right angle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quadrantal</h1>
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<hw>Quad*ran"tal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A cubical vessel containing a Roman cubic foot, each side being a Roman square foot; -- used as a measure.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cube.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Quadrat</h1>
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<hw>Quad"rat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quadrat</ets>, <ets>cadrat</ets>. See <er>Quadrate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A block of type metal lower than the letters, -- used in spacing and in blank lines.</def> [Abbrev. <abbr>quad.</abbr>]

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An old instrument used for taking altitudes; -- called also <altname>geometrical square</altname>, and <altname>line of shadows</altname>.</def>

<h1>Quadrate</h1>
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<hw>Quad"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quadratus</ets> squared, p. p. of <ets>quadrare</ets> to make four-cornered, to make square, to square, to fit, suit, from <ets>quadrus</ets> square, <ets>quattuor</ets> four. See <er>Quadrant</er>, and cf. <er>Quadrat</er>, <er>Quarry</er> an arrow, <er>Square</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having four equal sides, the opposite sides parallel, and four right angles; square.</def>

<blockquote>Figures, some round, some triangle, some <b>quadrate</b>.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Produced by multiplying a number by itself; square.</def> " <i>Quadrate</i> and cubical numbers."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Square; even; balanced; equal; exact.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> " A <i>quadrate</i>, solid, wise man."

<i>Howell.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Squared; suited; correspondent.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> " A generical description <i>quadrate</i> to both."

<i>Harvey.</i>

<cs><col>Quadrate bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a bone between the base of the lower jaw and the skull in most vertebrates below the mammals. In reptiles and birds it articulates the lower jaw with the skull; in mammals it is represented by the malleus or incus.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quadrate</h1>
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<hw>Quad"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quadratum</ets>. See <er>Quadrate</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A plane surface with four equal sides and four right angles; a square; hence, figuratively, anything having the outline of a square.</def>

<blockquote>At which command, the powers militant
That stood for heaven, in mighty <b>quadrate</b> joined.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>An aspect of the heavenly bodies in which they are distant from each other 90&deg;, or the quarter of a circle; quartile. See the <er>Note</er> under <er>Aspect</er>, 6.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The quadrate bone.</def>

<h1>Quadrate</h1>
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<hw>Quad"rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quadrated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quadrating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Quadrate</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To square; to agree; to suit; to correspond; -- followed by <i>with</i>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The objections of these speculatists of its forms do not <b>quadrate</b> with their theories.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quadrate</h1>
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<hw>Quad"rate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To adjust (a gun) on its carriage; also, to train (a gun) for horizontal firing.</def>

<h1>Quadratic</h1>
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<hw>Quad*rat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>quadratique</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a square, or to squares; resembling a quadrate, or square; square.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Tetragonal.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to terms of the second degree; <as>as, a <ex>quadratic</ex> equation, in which the highest power of the unknown quantity is a square</as>.</def>

<h1>Quadratics</h1>
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<hw>Quad*rat"ics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>That branch of algebra which treats of quadratic equations.</def>

<h1>Quadratojugal</h1>
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<hw>Quad*ra`to*ju"gal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the quadrate and jugal bones</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the quadratojugal bone.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>The quadratojugal bone.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Quadratojugal bone</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a bone at the base of the lower jaw in many animals.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quadratrix</h1>
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<hw>Quad*ra"trix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-trixes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <it>or</it> <plw>-trices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve made use of in the quadrature of other curves; <as>as the <ex>quadratrix</ex>, of Dinostratus, or of Tschirnhausen</as>.</def>

<h1>Quadrature</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ra*ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quadratura</ets>: cf. F. <ets>quadrature</ets>. See <er>Quadrate</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The act of squaring; the finding of a square having the same area as some given curvilinear figure; <as>as, the <ex>quadrature</ex> of a circle</as>; the operation of finding an expression for the area of a figure bounded wholly or in part by a curved line, as by a curve, two ordinates, and the axis of abscissas.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A quadrate; a square.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Integral Calculus)</fld> <def>The integral used in obtaining the area bounded by a curve; hence, the definite integral of the product of any function of one variable into the differential of that variable.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The position of one heavenly body in respect to another when distant from it 90&deg;, or a quarter of a circle, as the moon when at an equal distance from the points of conjunction and opposition.</def>

<cs><col>Quadrature of the moon</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the position of the moon when one half of the disk is illuminated.</cd> -- <col>Quadrature of an orbit</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>a point in an orbit which is at either extremity of the latus rectum drawn through the empty focus of the orbit.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quadrel</h1>
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<hw>Quad"rel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>quadrello</ets>, LL. <ets>quadrellus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>quadrus</ets> square. See <er>Quadrate</er>, and cf. <er>Quarrel</er> an arrow.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A square piece of turf or peat.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A square brick, tile, or the like.</def>

<h1>Quadrennial</h1>
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<hw>Quad*ren"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quadriennium</ets> a space of four years; <ets>quattuor</ets> four + <ets>annus</ets> year; cf. L. <ets>quadriennis</ets>. See <er>Quadrate</er>, and <er>Annual</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Comprising four years; <as>as, a <ex>quadrennial</ex> period</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Occurring once in four years, or at the end of every four years; <as>as, <ex>quadrennial</ex> games</as>.</def>

<h1>Quadrennially</h1>
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<hw>Quad*ren"ni*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Once in four years.</def>

<h1>Quadrennium</h1>
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<hw>Quad*ren"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Quadrennial</er>.]</ety> <def>A space or period of four years.</def>

<h1>Quadri-</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ri-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L., from <ets>quattuor</ets> four. See <er>Four</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form meaning <i>four</i>, <i>four times</i>, <i>fourfold</i>; <as>as, <ex>quadri</ex>capsular, having <i>four</i> capsules</as>.</def>

<h1>Quadribasic</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*ba"sic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri-</ets> + <ets>basic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Tetrabasic</er>.</def>

<h1>Quadrible</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ri*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Quadrable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Quadric</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the second degree.</def>

<h1>Quadric</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ric</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>A quantic of the second degree. See <er>Quantic</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A surface whose equation in three variables is of the second degree. Spheres, spheroids, ellipsoids, paraboloids, hyperboloids, also cones and cylinders with circular bases, are quadrics.</def>

<h1>Quadricapsular</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*cap"su*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri-</ets> + <ets>capsular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having four capsules.</def>

<h1>Quadriceps</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ri*ceps</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>qyattuor</ets> four + <ets>caput</ets> head.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The great extensor muscle of the knee, divided above into four parts which unite in a single tendon at the knee.</def>

<h1>Quadricipital</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*cip"i*tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the quadriceps.</def>

<h1>Quadricorn</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ri*corn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Quadricornous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any quadricornous animal.</def>

<h1>Quadricornous</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*cor"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri-</ets> + L. <ets>cornu</ets> horn: cf. F. <ets>quadricorne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having four horns, or hornlike organs; <as>as, a <ex>quadricornous</ex> beetle</as>.</def>

<h1>Quadricostate</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*cos"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri-</ets> + <ets>costate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having four ribs.</def>

<hr>
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Page 1172<p>

<h1>Quadridentate</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*den"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri-</ets> + <ets>dentate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having four teeth; <as>as, a <ex>quadridentate</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Quadriennial</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*en"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Quadrennial</er>.</def>

<h1>Quadrifarious</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*fa"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quadrifarius</ets> fourfold, fr. <ets>quattuor</ets> four: cf. F. <ets>quadrifari\'82</ets>. Cf. <er>Multifarious</er>.]</ety> <def>Arranged in four rows or ranks; <as>as, <ex>quadrifarious</ex> leaves</as>.</def>

<i>Loudon.</i>

<h1>Quadrifid</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ri*fid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quadrifidus</ets>; <ets>quattuor</ets> four + <ets>findere</ets> to cleave: cf. F. <ets>quadrifide</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divided, or deeply cleft, into four parts; <as>as, a <ex>quadrifid</ex> perianth; a <ex>quadrifid</ex> leaf.</as></def>

<h1>Quadrifoil, Quadrifoliate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Quad"ri*foil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Quad`ri*fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri-</ets> + L. <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Four-leaved; having the leaves in whorls of four.</def>

<h1>Quadrifurcated</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*fur"ca*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri-</ets> + <ets>furcated</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having four forks, or branches.</def>

<h1>Quadriga</h1>
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<hw>Quad*ri"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Quadrig\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. See <er>Quadrijugous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A car or chariot drawn by four horses abreast.</def>

<h1>Quadrigeminal, Quadrigeminous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Quad`ri*gem"i*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Quad`ri*gem"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri-</ets> + L. <ets>gemini</ets> twins.]</ety> <def>Fourfold; having four similar parts, or two pairs of similar parts.</def>

<cs><col>Quadrigeminal bodies</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>two pairs of lobes, or elevations, on the dorsal side of the midbrain of most mammals; the optic lobes. The anterior pair are called the <i>nates<i>, and the posterior the <i>testes<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quadrigenarious</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*ge*na"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quadrigeni</ets>, <ets>quadringeni</ets>, four hundred each.]</ety> <def>Consisting of four hundred.</def>

<h1>Quadrijugate</h1>
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<hw>Quad*rij"u*gate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Quadrijugous</er>.</def>

<h1>Quadrijugous</h1>
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<hw>Quad*rij"u*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quadrijugus</ets> of a team of four; <ets>quattuor</ets> four + <ets>jugum</ets> yoke.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pinnate, with four pairs of leaflets; <as>as, a <ex>quadrijugous</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Quadrilateral</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*lat"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quadrilaterus</ets>:  cf. F. <ets>quadrilat\'8are</ets>, <ets>quadrilat\'82ral</ets>. See <er>Quadri-</er> and <er>Lateral</er>.]</ety> <def>Having four sides, and consequently four angles; quadrangular.</def>

<h1>Quadrilateral</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*lat"er*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A plane figure having four sides, and consequently four angles; a quadrangular figure; any figure formed by four lines.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An area defended by four fortresses supporting each other; <as>as, the Venetian <ex>quadrilateral</ex>, comprising Mantua, Peschiera, Verona, and Legnano</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Complete quadrilateral</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the figure made up of the six straight lines that can be drawn through four points, <it>A.<it>, <it>B<it>, <it>C<it>, <it>I<it>, the lines being supposed to be produced indefinitely.</cd></cs>
<-- reference is to a figure of a complete quadrilateral. -->

<h1>Quadrilateralness</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*lat"er*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The property of being quadrilateral.</def>

<h1>Quadriliteral</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*lit"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri-</ets> + <ets>literal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of four letters.</def>

<h1>Quadrille</h1>
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<hw>Qua*drille"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quadrille</ets>, n. fem., fr. Sp. <ets>cuadrilla</ets> meeting of four or more persons or It. <ets>quadriglia</ets> a band of soldiers, a sort of dance; dim. fr. L. <ets>quadra</ets> a square, fr. <ets>quattuor</ets> four. See <er>Quadrate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A dance having five figures, in common time, four couples of dancers being in each set.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The appropriate music for a quadrille.</def>

<h1>Quadrille</h1>
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<hw>Qua*drille"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quadrille</ets>, n. masc., cf. It. <ets>quadriglio</ets>; or perhaps from the Spanish. See <er>Quadrille</er> a dance.]</ety> <def>A game played by four persons with forty cards, being the remainder of an ordinary pack after the tens, nines, and eights are discarded.</def>

<i>Hoyle.</i>

<h1>Quadrillion</h1>
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<hw>Quad*ril"lion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>quater</ets> four times, akin to <ets>quattuor</ets> four, E. <ets>four</ets>; -- formed like <ets>million</ets>. See <er>Four</er>, <er>Million</er>.]</ety> <def>According to the French notation, which is followed also upon the Continent and in the United States, a unit with fifteen ciphers annexed; according to the English notation, the number produced by involving a million to the fourth power, or the number represented by a unit with twenty-four ciphers annexed. See the Note under <er>Numeration</er>.</def>

<h1>Quadrilobate, Quadrilobed</h1>
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<hw><hw>Quad`ri*lo"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Quad`ri*lobed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri-</ets> + <ets>lobe</ets>: cf. F. <ets>quadrilob\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having four lobes; <as>as, a <ex>quadrilobate</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Quadrilocular</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*loc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri-</ets> + <ets>locular</ets>: cf. F. <ets>quadriloculaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having four cells, or cavities; <as>as, a <ex>quadrilocular</ex> heart</as>.</def>

<h1>Quadrin</h1>
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<hw>Quad"rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF., fr. L. <ets>quadrini</ets> four each, fr. <ets>quattuor</ets> four.]</ety> <def>A small piece of money, in value about a farthing, or a half cent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Quadrinodal</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*nod"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri-</ets> + <ets>nodal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Possessing four nodes; <as>as, <ex>quadrinodal</ex> curves</as>.</def>

<h1>Quadrinomial</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*no"mi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri-</ets> + <ets>nomial</ets>, as in <ets>binomial</ets>: cf. F. <ets>quadrin\'93me</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>A polynomial of four terms connected by the signs plus or minus.</def>

<h1>Quadrinomical</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*nom"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Quadrinomial.</def>

<h1>Quadrinominal</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*nom"i*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri-</ets> + <ets>nominal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>Quadrinomial.</def>

<i>Sir W. R. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Quadripartite</h1>
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<hw>Quad*rip"ar*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quadripartitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>quadripartire</ets> to divide into four parts; <ets>quattuor</ets> four + <ets>partire</ets> to divide: cf. F. <ets>quadripartite</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divided into four parts.</def>

<h1>Quadripartitely</h1>
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<hw>Quad*rip"ar*tite*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In four parts.</def>

<h1>Quadripartition</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*par*ti"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quadripartitio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>quadripartition</ets>.]</ety> <def>A division or distribution by four, or into four parts; also, a taking the fourth part of any quantity or number.</def>

<h1>Quadripennate</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*pen"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri-</ets> + <ets>pennate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having four wings; -- said of insects.</def>

<h1>Quadriphyllous</h1>
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<hw>Quad*riph"yl*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri</ets> + Gr. <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having four leaves; quadrifoliate.</def>

<h1>Quadrireme</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ri*reme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quadriremis</ets>; <ets>quattuor</ets> four + <ets>remus</ets> an oar: cf. F. <ets>quadrir\'8ame</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A galley with four banks of oars or rowers.</def>

<h1>Quadrisection</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*sec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri-</ets> + <ets>section</ets>.]</ety> <def>A subdivision into four parts.</def>

<h1>Quadrisulcate</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*sul"cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri</ets> + <ets>sulcate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having four hoofs; <as>as, a <ex>quadrisulcate</ex> foot; a <ex>quadrisulcate</ex> animal.</as></def>

<h1>Quadrisyllabic, Quadri-syllabical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Quad`ri*syl*lab"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Quad`ri-syl*lab"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw><def>Having four syllables; of or pertaining to quadrisyllables; <as>as, a <ex>quadrisyllabic</ex> word</as>.</def>

<h1>Quadrisyllable</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*syl"la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri-</ets> + <ets>syllable</ets>: cf. F. <ets>quadrisyllabe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A word consisting of four syllables.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<h1>Quadrivalence</h1>
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<hw>Quad*riv"a*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The quality or state of being quadrivalent; tetravalence.</def>

<h1>Quadrivalent</h1>
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<hw>Quad*riv"a*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri-</ets> + L. <ets>valens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr.  See <er>Valence</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Having a valence of four; capable of combining with, being replaced by, or compared with, four monad atoms; tetravalent; -- said of certain atoms and radicals; <as>thus, carbon and silicon are <ex>quadrivalent</ex> elements</as>.</def>

<h1>Quadrivalve</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ri*valve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri-</ets> + <ets>valve</ets>:  cf. F. <ets>quadrivalve</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Dehiscent into four similar parts; four-valved; <as>as, a <ex>quadrivalve</ex> pericarp</as>.</def>

<h1>Quadrivalve</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ri*valve</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A door, shutter, or the like, having four folds.</def>

<h1>Quadrivalvular</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ri*val"vu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having four valves; quadrivalve.</def>

<h1>Quadrivial</h1>
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<hw>Quad*riv"i*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quadrivium</ets> a place where four ways meet; <ets>quattuor</ets> four + <ets>via</ets> way.]</ety> <def>Having four ways meeting in a point.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Quadrivial</h1>
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<hw>Quad*riv"i*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the four "liberal arts" making up the quadrivium.</def>

<h1>Quadrivium</h1>
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<hw>Quad*riv"i*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>The four "liberal arts," arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy; -- so called by the schoolmen. See <er>Trivium</er>.</def>

<h1>Quadroon</h1>
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<hw>Quad*roon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quarteron</ets>, or Sp. <ets>cuarteron</ets>. See <er>Quarter</er> a fourth part, and cf. <er>Quarteron</er>.]</ety> <def>The offspring of a mulatto and a white person; a person quarter-blooded.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>quarteron</asp>, <asp>quarteroon</asp>, and <asp>quateron</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quadroxide</h1>
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<hw>Quad*rox"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quadri-</ets> + <ets>oxide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A tetroxide.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Quadrumana</h1>
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<hw>Quad*ru"ma*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Quadrumane</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of the Primates comprising the apes and monkeys; -- so called because the hind foot is usually prehensile, and the great toe opposable somewhat like a thumb. Formerly the <i>Quadrumana</i> were considered an order distinct from the Bimana, which last included man alone.</def>

<h1>Quadrumane</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ru*mane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quattuor</ets> four + <ets>manus</ets> a hand: cf. F. <ets>quadrumane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Quadrumana.</def>

<h1>Quadrumanous</h1>
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<hw>Quad*ru"ma*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having four hands; of or pertaining to the Quadrumana.</def>

<h1>Quadruped</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ru*ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quadrupes</ets>, <ets>-pedis</ets>; <ets>quattuor</ets> four + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, a foot: cf. F. <ets>quadrup\'8ade</ets>. See <er>Quadrate</er>, and <er>Foot</er>.]</ety> <def>Having four feet.</def>

<h1>Quadruped</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ru*ped</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal having four feet, as most mammals and reptiles; -- often restricted to the mammals.</def>

<h1>Quadrupedal</h1>
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<hw>Quad*ru"pe*dal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having four feet; of or pertaining to a quadruped.</def>

<h1>Quadruple</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ru*ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quadruplus</ets>, from <ets>quattuor</ets> four: cf. F.  <ets>quadruple</ets>. See <er>Quadrate</er>, and cf. <er>Double</er>.]</ety> <def>Fourfold; <as>as, to make <ex>quadruple</ex> restitution; a <ex>quadruple</ex> alliance.</as></def>

<cs><col>Quadruple time</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>that in which each measure is divided into four equal parts.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quadruple</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ru*ple</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>quadruple</ets>, L. <ets>quadruplum</ets>.]</ety> <def>four times the sum or number; a fourfold amount; <as>as, to receive to <ex>quadruple</ex> of the amount in damages</as>.</def>

<h1>Quadruple</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ru*ple</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quadrupled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quadrupling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>quadruplare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>quadrupler</ets>.]</ety> <def>To multiply by four; to increase fourfold; to double; to double twice.</def>

<i>A. Smith.</i>

<h1>Quadruple</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ru*ple</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be multiplied by four; to increase fourfold; to become four times as much.</def>

<h1>Quadruplex</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ru*plex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L., from <ets>quattuor</ets> four + <ets>plicare</ets> to fold.]</ety> <def>Fourfold; folded or doubled twice.</def>

<cs><col>Quadruplex system</col> <fld>(Electric Telegraph)</fld>, <cd>a system by which four messages, two in each direction, may be sent simultaneously over the wire.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quadruplicate</h1>
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<hw>Quad*ru"pli*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quadruplicated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quadruplicating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>quadruplicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>quadruplicare</ets>, fr. <ets>quadruple</ets><?/ fourfold. See <er>Quadruplex</er>.]</ety> <def>To make fourfold; to double twice; to quadruple.</def>

<h1>Quadruplicate</h1>
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<hw>Quad*ru"pli*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quadruplicatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Fourfold; doubled twice; four times repeated; <as>as, a <ex>quadruplicate</ex> ratio, or a <ex>quadruplicate</ex> proportion</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Raised to the fourth power.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Quadruplication</h1>
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<hw>Quad`ru*pli*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quadruplicatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>quadruplication</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of making fourfold; a taking four times the simple sum or amount.</def>

<h1>Quadruply</h1>
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<hw>Quad"ru*ply</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>To a fourfold quantity; so as to be, or cause to be, quadruple; <as>as, to be <ex>quadruply</ex> recompensed</as>.</def>

<h1>Qu\'91re</h1>
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<hw>Qu\'91"re</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. imperative.</tt> <ety>[L., imperative of <ets>quaerere</ets> to seek.]</ety> <def>Inquire; question; see; -- used to signify doubt or to suggest investigation.</def>

<h1>Qu\'91stor</h1>
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<hw>Qu\'91s"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Questor</er>.</def>

<h1>Quaff</h1>
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<hw>Quaff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quaffed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quaffing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For <ets>quach</ets>, fr. Gael. & Ir. <ets>cuach</ets> a drinking cup; cf. L. <ets>caucus</ets> a drinking vessel. Cf. <er>Quaigh</er>.]</ety> <def>To drink with relish; to drink copiously of; to swallow in large draughts.</def> "<i>Quaffed</i> off the muscadel."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>They eat, they drink, and in communion sweet
<b>Quaff</b> immortality and joy.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quaff</h1>
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<hw>Quaff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To drink largely or luxuriously.</def>

<blockquote>Twelve days the gods their solemn revels keep,
And <b>quaff</b> with blameless Ethiops in the deep.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quaffer</h1>
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<hw>Quaff"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who quaffs, or drinks largely.</def>

<h1>Quag</h1>
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<hw>Quag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A quagmire.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Crooked or straight, through <i>quags</i> or thorny dells."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Quagga</h1>
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<hw>Quag"ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hottentot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South African wild ass (<spn>Equus, &or; Hippotigris, quagga</spn>). The upper parts are reddish brown, becoming paler behind and behind and beneath, with dark stripes on the face, neck, and fore part of the body.</def><-- now extinct? -->

<h1>Quaggy</h1>
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<hw>Quag"gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[See <er>Quag</er>, <er>Quagmire</er>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of a quagmire; yielding or trembling under the foot, as soft, wet earth; spongy; boggy.</def> "O'er the watery strath, or <i>quaggy</i> moss."

<i>Collins.</i>

<h1>Quagmire</h1>
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<hw>Quag"mire`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quake</ets> + <ets>mire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Soft, wet, miry land, which shakes or yields under the feet.</def> "A spot surrounded by <i>quagmires</i>, which rendered it difficult of access."

<i>Palfrey.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Morass; marsh; bog; swamp; fen; slough.</syn>

<h1>Quahog, Quahaug</h1>
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<hw><hw>Qua"hog</hw>, <hw>Qua"haug</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. Narragansett Indian <ets>poqua\'96hock</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American market clam (<spn>Venus mercenaria</spn>). It is sold in large quantities, and is highly valued as food. Called also <altname>round clam</altname>, and <altname>hard clam</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is also applied to other allied species, as <spn>Venus Mortoni</spn> of the Gulf of Mexico.</note>

<h1>Quaigh, Quaich</h1>
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<hw><hw>Quaigh</hw>, <hw>Quaich</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael.<ets>cuach</ets>. Cf. <er>Quaff</er>.]</ety> <def>A small shallow cup or drinking vessel.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>quegh</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quail</h1>
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<hw>Quail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Qualled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Qualling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.<ets>cwelan</ets> to die, perish; akin to <ets>cwalu</ets> violent death, D. <ets>kwaal</ets> pain, G. <ets>qual</ets> torment, OHG. <ets>quelan</ets> to suffer torment, Lith. <ets>gelti</ets> to hurt, <ets>gela</ets> pain. Cf. <er>Quell</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To die; to perish; hence, to wither; to fade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To become quelled; to become cast down; to sink under trial or apprehension of danger; to lose the spirit and power of resistance; to lose heart; to give way; to shrink; to cower.</def>

<blockquote>The atheist power shall <b>quail</b>, and confess his fears. <b>I</b>. <b>Taylor</b>.
Stouter hearts than a woman's have <b>quailed</b> in this terrible winter.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- to cower; flinch; shrink; quake; tremble; blench; succumb; yield.</syn>

<h1>Quail</h1>
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<hw>Quail</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Quell</er>.]</ety> <def>To cause to fail in spirit or power; to quell; to crush; to subdue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Quail</h1>
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<hw>Quail</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>coaillier</ets>, F. <ets>cailler</ets>, from L. <ets>coagulare</ets>. See <er>Coagulate</er>.]</ety> <def>To curdle; to coagulate, as milk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Quail</h1>
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<hw>Quail</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>quaille</ets>, F. <ets>caille</ets>, LL. <ets>quaquila</ets>, <ets>qualia</ets>, <ets>qualea</ets>, of Dutch or German origin; cf. D. <ets>kwakkel</ets>, <ets>kwartel</ets>, OHG. <ets>wahtala</ets>, G. <ets>wachtel</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any gallinaceous bird belonging to <spn>Coturnix</spn> and several allied genera of the Old World, especially the common European quail (<spn>C. communis</spn>), the rain quail (<spn>C. Coromandelica</spn>) of India, the stubble quail (<spn>C. pectoralis</spn>), and the Australian swamp quail (<spn>Synoicus australis</spn>).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several American partridges belonging to <spn>Colinus</spn>, <spn>Callipepla</spn>, and allied genera, especially the bobwhite (called <stype>Virginia quail</stype>, and <stype>Maryland quail</stype>), and the California quail (<spn>Calipepla Californica</spn>).</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of Turnix and allied genera, native of the Old World, as the Australian painted quail (<spn>Turnix varius</spn>). See <er>Turnix</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A prostitute; -- so called because the quail was thought to be a very amorous bird.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Bustard quail</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small Asiatic quail-like bird of the genus Turnix, as <spn>T. taigoor</spn>, a black-breasted species, and the hill <i>bustard quail<i> (<spn>T. ocellatus</spn>). See <er>Turnix</er>.</cd> -- <col>Button quail</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several small Asiatic species of Turnix, as <spn>T. Sykesii</spn>, which is said to be the smallest game bird of India.</cd> -- <col>Mountain quail</col>. <cd>See under <er>Mountain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Quail call</col>, <cd>a call or pipe for alluring quails into a net or within range.</cd> -- <col>Quail dove</col><cd> (<spn>Zo\'94l</spn>.), any one of several American ground pigeons belonging to <spn>Geotrygon</spn> and allied genera.</cd> -- <col>Quail hawk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the New Zealand sparrow hawk (<spn>Hieracidea Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Quail pipe</col>. <cd>See <cref>Quail call</cref>, above.</cd> -- <col>Quail snipe</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the dowitcher, or red-breasted snipe; -- called also <altname>robin snipe</altname>, and <altname>brown snipe</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Sea quail</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the turnstone. <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<hr>
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Page 1173<p>

<h1>Quaily</h1>
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<hw>Quail"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Quail</er> the bird.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The upland plover.</def> <mark>[Canadian]</mark>

<h1>Quaint</h1>
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<hw>Quaint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>queint</ets>, <ets>queynte</ets>, <ets>coint</ets>, prudent, wise, cunning, pretty, odd, OF. <ets>cointe</ets> cultivated, amiable, agreeable, neat, fr. L. <ets>cognitus</ets> known, p. p. of <ets>cognoscere</ets> to know; <ets>con + noscere</ets> (for <ets>gnoscere</ets>) to know. See <er>Know</er>, and cf. <er>Acquaint</er>, <er>Cognition</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Prudent; wise; hence, crafty; artful; wily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Clerks be full subtle and full <b>quaint</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by ingenuity or art; finely fashioned; skillfully wrought; elegant; graceful; nice; neat.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> " The <i>queynte</i> ring." " His <i>queynte</i> spear." <i>Chaucer</i>. " A shepherd young <i>quaint</i>."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<blockquote>Every look was coy and wondrous <b>quaint</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To show bow <b>quaint</b> an orator you are.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Curious and fanciful; affected; odd; whimsical; antique; archaic; singular; unusual; <as>as, <ex>quaint</ex> architecture; a <ex>quaint</ex> expression.</as></def>

<blockquote>Some stroke of <b>quaint</b> yet simple pleasantry.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An old, long-faced, long-bodied servant in <b>quaint</b> livery.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Quaint</er>, <er>Odd</er>, <er>Antique</er>.</syn> <usage> <i>Antique</i> is applied to that which has come down from the ancients, or which is made to imitate some ancient work of art. <i>Odd</i> implies disharmony, incongruity, or unevenness. An <i>odd</i> thing or person is an exception to general rules of calculation and procedure, or expectation and common experience. In the current use of <i>quaint</i>, the two ideas of <i>odd</i> and <i>antique</i> are combined, and the word is commonly applied to that which is pleasing by reason of both these qualities.  Thus, we speak of the <i>quaint</i> architecture of many old buildings in London; or a <i>quaint</i> expression, uniting at once the antique and the fanciful.</usage>

<h1>Quaintise</h1>
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<hw>Quain"tise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cointise</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Craft; subtlety; cunning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer. R. of Glouces.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Elegance; beauty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Quaintly</h1>
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<hw>Quaint"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a quaint manner.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Quaintness</h1>
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<hw>Quaint"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being quaint.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Quair</h1>
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<hw>Quair</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 3d <er>Quire</er>.]</ety> <def>A quire; a book.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " The king's <i>quhair</i>.</def>"

<i>James I. (of Scotland).</i>

<h1>Quake</h1>
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<hw>Quake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quaked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>cwacian</ets>; cf. G. <ets>quackeln</ets>. Cf. <er>Quagmire</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be agitated with quick, short motions continually repeated; to shake with fear, cold, etc.; to shudder; to tremble. <i>Quaking</i> for dread."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>She stood <b>quaking</b> like the partridge on which the hawk is ready to seize.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To shake, vibrate, or quiver, either from not being solid, as soft, wet land, or from violent convulsion of any kind; <as>as, the earth <ex>quakes</ex>; the mountains <ex>quake</ex>.</as></def> " Over <i>quaking</i> bogs."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Quake</h1>
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<hw>Quake</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>cweccan</ets> to move, shake. See <er>Quake</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To cause to quake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Quake</h1>
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<hw>Quake</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tremulous agitation; a quick vibratory movement; a shudder; a quivering.</def>

<h1>Quaker</h1>
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<hw>Quak"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who quakes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of a religious sect founded by George <er>Fox</er>, of Leicestershire, England, about 1650, -- the members of which call themselves <i>Friends</i>. They were called Quakers, originally, in derision. See <er>Friend</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def>

<blockquote>Fox's teaching was primarily a preaching of repentance . . . The trembling among the listening crowd caused or confirmed the name of <b>Quakers</b> given to the body; men and women sometimes fell down and lay struggling as if for life.
<i>Encyc. Brit.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The nankeen bird.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The sooty albatross.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Any grasshopper or locust of the genus (<spn>Edipoda</spn>; -- so called from the quaking noise made during flight.</def>

<cs><col>Quaker buttons</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Nux vomica</er>.</cd> -- <col>Quaker gun</col>, <cd>a dummy cannon made of wood or other material; -- so called because the sect of Friends, or Quakers, hold to the doctrine, of nonresistance.</cd> -- <col>Quaker ladies</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a low American biennial plant (<spn>Houstonia c\'91rulea</spn>), with pretty four-lobed corollas which are pale blue with a yellowish center; -- also called <altname>bluets</altname>, and <altname>little innocents</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quakeress</h1>
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<hw>Quak"er*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woman who is a member of the Society of Friends.</def>

<h1>Quakerish</h1>
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<hw>Quak"er*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like or pertaining to a Quaker; Quakerlike.</def>

<h1>Quakerism</h1>
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<hw>Quak"er*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The peculiar character, manners, tenets, etc., of the Quakers.</def>

<h1>Quakerlike</h1>
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<hw>Quak"er*like</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a Quaker.</def>

<h1>Quakerly</h1>
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<hw>Quak"er*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling Quakers; Quakerlike; Quakerish.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Quakery</h1>
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<hw>Quak"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quakerism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hallywell.</i>

<h1>Quaketail</h1>
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<hw>Quake"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wagtail.</def>

<h1>Quakness</h1>
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<hw>Quak"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being quaky; liability to quake.</def>

<h1>Quaking</h1>
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<hw>Quak"ing</hw>, <def><tt>a. & n.</tt> from <er>Quake</er>, <tt>v.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Quaking aspen</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of poplar (<spn>Populus tremuloides</spn>), the leaves of which tremble in the lightest breeze. It much resembles the European aspen. See <er>Aspen</er>.</cd><-- #err in original written "Quaking asp"! --> -- <col>Quaking bog</col>, <cd>a bog of forming peat so saturated with water that it shakes when trodden upon.</cd> -- <col>Quaking grass</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>One of several grasses of the genus <spn>Briza</spn>, having slender-stalked and pendulous ovate spikelets, which quake and rattle in the wind. <spn>Briza maxima</spn> is the large quaking grass; <spn>B. media</spn> and <spn>B. minor</spn> are the smaller kinds.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Rattlesnake grass (<spn>Glyceria Canadensis</spn>).</cd></cs>

<h1>Quakingly</h1>
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<hw>Quak"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a quaking manner; fearfully.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Quaky</h1>
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<hw>Quak"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shaky, or tremulous; quaking.</def>

<h1>Qualifiable</h1>
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<hw>Qual"i*fi`a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being qualified; abatable; modifiable.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Qualification</h1>
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<hw>Qual`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>qualification</ets>. See <er>Qualify</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of qualifying, or the condition of being qualified.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which qualifies; any natural endowment, or any acquirement, which fits a person for a place, office, or employment, or which enables him to sustian any character with success; an enabling quality or circumstance; requisite capacity or possession.</def>

<blockquote>There is no <b>qualification</b> for government but virtue and wisdom, actual or presumptive.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of limiting, or the state of being limited; that which qualifies by limiting; modification; restriction; hence, abatement; diminution; <as>as, to use words without any <ex>qualification</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Qualificative</h1>
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<hw>Qual"i*fi*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which qualifies, modifies, or restricts; a qualifying term or statement.</def>

<blockquote>How many <b>qualificatives</b>, correctives, and restrictives he inserteth in this relation.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Qualificator</h1>
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<hw>Qual"i*fi*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>An officer whose business it is to examine and prepare causes for trial in the ecclesiastical courts.</def>

<h1>Qualified</h1>
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<hw>Qual"i*fied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fitted by accomplishments or endowments.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Modified; limited; <as>as, a <ex>qualified</ex> statement</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Qualified fee</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a base fee, or an estate which has a qualification annexed to it, the fee ceasing with the qualification, as a grant to A and his heirs, <i>tenants of the manor of Dale<i>.</cd> -- <col>Qualified indorsement</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an indorsement which modifies the liability of the indorser that would result from the general principles of law, but does not affect the negotiability of the instrument. <i>Story</i>.</cd> -- <col>Qualified negative</col> <fld>(Legislation)</fld>, <cd>a limited veto power, by which the chief executive in a constitutional government may refuse assent to bills passed by the legislative body, which bills therefore fail to become laws unless upon a reconsideration the legislature again passes them by a certain majority specified in the constitution, when they become laws without the approval of the executive.</cd> <col>Qualified property</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>that which depends on temporary possession, as that in wild animals reclaimed, or as in the case of a bailment.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Competent; fit; adapted.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Qualified</er>, <er>Competent</er>. <i>Competent</i> is most commonly used with respect to native endowments and general ability suited to the performance of a task or duty; <i>qualified</i> with respect to specific acquirements and training.</usage>

<h1>Qualifiedly</h1>
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<hw>Qual"i*fied`ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the way of qualification; with modification or qualification.</def>

<h1>Qualifiedness</h1>
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<hw>Qual"i*fied`ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being qualified.</def>

<h1>Qualifier</h1>
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<hw>Qual"i*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, One who, or that which, qualifies; that which modifies, reduces, tempers or restrains.</def>

<h1>Qualify</h1>
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<hw>Qual"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Qualified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Qualifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>qualifier</ets>, LL. <ets>qualificare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>qualis</ets> how constituted, as + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>Quality</er>, and <er>-Fy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make such as is required; to give added or requisite qualities to; to fit, as for a place, office, occupation, or character; to furnish with the knowledge, skill, or other accomplishment necessary for a purpose; to make capable, as of an employment or privilege; to supply with legal power or capacity.</def>

<blockquote>He had <b>qualified</b> himself for municipal office by taking the oaths to the sovereigns in possession.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give individual quality to; to modulate; to vary; to regulate.</def>

<blockquote>It hath no larynx . . . to <b>qualify</b> the sound.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To reduce from a general, undefined, or comprehensive form, to particular or restricted form; to modify; to limit; to restrict; to restrain; <as>as, to <ex>qualify</ex> a statement, claim, or proposition</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Hence, to soften; to abate; to diminish; to assuage; to reduce the strength of, as liquors.</def>

<blockquote>I do not seek to quench your love's hot fire,
But <b>qualify</b> the fire's extreme rage.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To soothe; to cure; -- said of persons.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In short space he has them <b>qualified</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To fit; equip; prepare; adapt; capacitate; enable; modify; soften; restrict; restrain; temper.</syn>

<h1>Qualify</h1>
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<hw>Qual"i*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be or become qualified; to be fit, as for an office or employment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To obtain legal power or capacity by taking the oath, or complying with the forms required, on assuming an office.</def>

<h1>Qualitative</h1>
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<hw>Qual"i*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>gualitativus</ets>, F. <ets>qualitatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to quality; having the character of quality.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Qual"i*ta*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Qualitative analysis</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>analysis which merely determines the constituents of a substance without any regard to the quantity of each ingredient; -- contrasted with <i>quantitative analysis<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Qualitied</h1>
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<hw>Qual"i*tied</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with qualities; endowed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "He was well <i>qualitied</i>."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Quality</h1>
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<hw>Qual"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Qualities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>qualit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>qualitas</ets>, fr. <ets>qualis</ets> how constituted, as; akin to E. <ets>which</ets>. See <er>Which</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition of being of such and such a sort as distinguished from others; nature or character relatively considered, as of goods; character; sort; rank.</def>

<blockquote>We lived most joyful, obtaining acquaintance with many of the city not of the meanest <b>quality</b>.
<i>Bacon</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Special or temporary character; profession; occupation; assumed or asserted rank, part, or position.</def>

<blockquote>I made that inquiry in <b>quality</b> of an antiquary.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which makes, or helps to make, anything such as it is; anything belonging to a subject, or predicable of it; distinguishing property, characteristic, or attribute; peculiar power, capacity, or virtue; distinctive trait; <as>as, the tones of a flute differ from those of a violin in <ex>quality</ex>; the great <ex>quality</ex> of a statesman.</as></def>

<note>&hand; <i>Qualities</i>, in metaphysics, are <i>primary</i> or <i>secondary</i>. <i>Primary</i> are those essential to the existence, and even the conception, of the thing, as of matter or spirit <i>Secondary</i> are those not essential to such a conception.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An acquired trait; accomplishment; acquisition.</def>

<blockquote>He had those <b>qualities</b> of horsemanship, dancing, and fencing which accompany a good breeding.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Superior birth or station; high rank; elevated character.</def> "Persons of <i>quality</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<cs><col>Quality binding</col>, <cd>a kind of worsted tape used in Scotland for binding carpets, and the like.</cd> <col>The quality</col>, <cd>those of high rank or station, as distinguished from <i>the masses<i>, or common people; the nobility; the gentry.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>I shall appear at the masquerade dressed up in my feathers, that <b>the quality</b> may see how pretty they will look in their traveling habits.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Property; attribute; nature; peculiarity; character; sort; rank; disposition; temper.</syn>

<h1>Qualm</h1>
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<hw>Qualm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cwealm</ets> death, slaughter, pestilence, akin to OS. & OHG. <ets>qualm</ets>. See <er>Quail</er> to cower.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sickness; disease; pestilence; death.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote> thousand slain and not of <b>qualm</b> ystorve [dead].
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sudden attack of illness, faintness, or pain; an agony.</def> " <i>Qualms</i> of heartsick agony."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Especially, a sudden sensation of nausea.</def>

<blockquote>For who, without a <b>qualm</b>, hath ever looked
On holy garbage, though by Homer cooked?
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A prick or scruple of conscience; uneasiness of conscience; compunction.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Qualmish</h1>
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<hw>Qualm"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sick at the stomach; affected with nausea or sickly languor; inclined to vomit.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Qualm"ish*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Qualm"ish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Quamash</h1>
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<hw>Quam"ash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Camass</er>.</def>

<h1>Quamoclit</h1>
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<hw>Quam"o*clit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a bean + <?/ to bend, to slope.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Formerly, a genus of plants including the cypress vine (<spn>Quamoclit vulgaris</spn>, now called <spn>Ipom\'d2a Quamoclit</spn>). The genus is now merged in Ipom\'d2a.</def>

<h1>Quandary</h1>
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<hw>Quan"da*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Quandaries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Prob. fr. OE. <ets>wandreth</ets> adversity, perplexity, Icel. <ets>wandr\'91&edh;i</ets> difficulty, trouble, fr. <ets>vandr</ets> difficult.]</ety> <def>A state of difficulty or perplexity; doubt; uncertainty.</def>

<h1>Quandary</h1>
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<hw>Quan"da*ry</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bring into a state of uncertainty, perplexity, or difficulty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Otway.</i>

<h1>Quandong</h1>
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<hw>Quan"dong</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The edible drupaceous fruit of an Australian tree (<spn>Fusanus acuminatus</spn>) of the Sandalwood family; -- called also <altname>quandang</altname>.</def>

<h1>Quandy</h1>
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<hw>Quan"dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The old squaw.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Quannet</h1>
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<hw>Quan"net</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flat file having the handle at one side, so as to be used like a plane.</def>

<h1>Quant</h1>
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<hw>Quant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A punting pole with a broad flange near the end to prevent it from sinking into the mud; a setting pole.</def>

<h1>Quantic</h1>
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<hw>Quan"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quantus</ets> how much. See <er>Quantity</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A homogeneous algebraic function of two or more variables, in general containing only positive integral powers of the variables, and called <i>quadric</i>, <i>cubic</i>, <i>quartic</i>, etc., according as it is of the second, third, fourth, fifth, or a higher degree. These are further called <i>binary</i>, <i>ternary</i>, <i>quaternary</i>, etc., according as they contain two, three, four, or more variables; thus, the <i>quantic <?/</i> is a <i>binary cubic</i>.</def>

<h1>Quantification</h1>
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<hw>Quan`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Quantity</er>.]</ety> <def>Modification by a reference to quantity; the introduction of the element of quantity.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>quantification</b> of the predicate belongs in part to Sir William Hamilton; viz., in its extension to negative propositions.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quantity</h1>
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<hw>Quan"ti*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quantus</ets> now much + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To modify or qualify with respect to quantity; to fix or express the quantity of; to rate.</def>

<h1>Quantitative</h1>
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<hw>Quan"ti*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>quantitatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to quantity.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Quan"ti*ta*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Quantitative analysis</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>analysis which determines the amount or quantity of each ingredient of a substance, by weight or by volume; -- contrasted with <i>qualitative analysis<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quantitive</h1>
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<hw>Quan"ti*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Quantity</er>.]</ety> <def>Estimable according to quantity; quantitative.</def>

<i>Sir K. Digby.</i>

<h1>Quantitively</h1>
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<hw>Quan"ti*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to be measurable by quantity; quantitatively.</def>

<h1>Quantity</h1>
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<hw>Quan"ti*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Quantities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>quantite</ets>, L. <ets>quantitas</ets>, fr. <ets>quantus</ets> bow great, how much, akin to <ets>quam</ets> bow, E. <ets>how</ets>, <ets>who</ets>. See <er>Who</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The attribute of being so much, and not more or less; the property of being measurable, or capable of increase and decrease, multiplication and division; greatness; and more concretely, that which answers the question "How much?"; measure in regard to bulk or amount; determinate or comparative dimensions; measure; amount; bulk; extent; size.</def> Hence, in specific uses: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The extent or extension of a general conception, that is, the number of species or individuals to which it may be applied; also, its content or comprehension, that is, the number of its constituent qualities, attributes, or relations</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The measure of a syllable; that which determines the time in which it is pronounced; <as>as, the long or short <ex>quantity</ex> of a vowel or syllable</as></def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The relative duration of a tone.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which can be increased, diminished, or measured; especially <fld>(Math.)</fld>, anything to which mathematical processes are applicable.</def>

<note>&hand; Quantity is <i>discrete</i> when it is applied to separate objects, as in number; <i>continuous</i>, when the parts are connected, either in succession, as in time, motion, etc., or in extension, as by the dimensions of space, viz., length, breadth, and thickness.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A determinate or estimated amount; a sum or bulk; a certain portion or part; sometimes, a considerable amount; a large portion, bulk, or sum; <as>as, a medicine taken in <ex>quantities</ex>, that is, in large quantities</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>quantity</b> of extensive and curious information which he had picked up during many months of desultory, but not unprofitable, study.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Quantity of estate</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>its time of continuance, or degree of interest, as in fee, for life, or for years.</cd> <i>Wharton (Law Dict. )</i> -- <col>Quantity of matter</col></mcol>, <cd>in a body, its mass, as determined by its weight, or by its momentum under a given velocity.</cd> -- <col>Quantity of motion</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>in a body, the relative amount of its motion, as measured by its momentum, varying as the product of mass and velocity.</cd> -- <col>Known quantities</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>quantities whose values are given.</cd> -- <col>Unknown quantities</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>quantities whose values are sought.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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Page 1174<p>

<h1>Quantivalence</h1>
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<hw>Quan*tiv"a*lence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quant</ets>us how much + E. <ets>valence</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Valence.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Quantivalent</h1>
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<hw>Quan*tiv"a*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to quantivalence.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Quantum</h1>
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<hw>Quan"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Quanta</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., neuter of <ets>quantus</ets> how great, how much. See <er>Quantity</er>,]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Quantity; amount.</def> "Without authenticating . . . the <i>quantum</i> of the charges."

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A definite portion of a manifoldness, limited by a mark or by a boundary.</def>

<i>W. K. Clifford.</i>

<cs><col>Quantum meruit</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[L., as much as he merited]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a count in an action grounded on a promise that the defendant would pay to the plaintiff for his service as much as he should deserve.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Quantum sufficit</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, &or; <col>Quantum suff.</col></mcol> <-- abbr. q.s. (pharmacy) --><ety>[L., as much suffices]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a sufficient quantity.</cd> -- <col>Quantum valebat</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[L., as much at it was worth]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a count in an action to recover of the defendant, for goods sold, as much as they were worth.</cd></cs>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Quap</h1>
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<hw>Quap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To quaver. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Quob</er>.</def>

<h1>Quaquaversal</h1>
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<hw>Qua`qua*ver"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quaqua</ets> wheresoever, whithersoever + <ets>versus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>vertere</ets> to turn.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Turning or dipping in any or every direction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Dipping toward all points of the compass round a center, as beds of lava round a crater.</def>

<h1>Quar</h1>
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<hw>Quar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A quarry.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Quarantine</h1>
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<hw>Quar"an*tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quarantaine</ets>, OF. <ets>quaranteine</ets>, fr. F. <ets>quarante</ets> forty, L. <ets>quadraginta</ets>, akin to <ets>quattuor</ets> four, and E. <ets>four</ets>: cf. It. <ets>quarantina</ets>, <ets>quarentine</ets>. See <er>Four</er>, and cf. <er>Quadragesima</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A space of forty days; -- used of Lent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, the term, originally of forty days, during which a ship arriving in port, and suspected of being infected a malignant contagious disease, is obliged to forbear all intercourse with the shore; hence, such restraint or inhibition of intercourse; also, the place where infected or prohibited vessels are stationed.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Quarantine</i> is now applied also to any forced stoppage of travel or communication on account of malignant contagious disease, on land as well as by sea.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The period of forty days during which the widow had the privilege of remaining in the mansion house of which her husband died seized.</def>

<cs><col>Quarantine flag</col>, <cd>a yellow flag hoisted at the fore of a vessel or hung from a building, to give warning of an infectious disease; -- called also the <altname>yellow jack</altname>, and <altname>yellow flag</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quarantine</h1>
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<hw>Quar`an*tine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quarantined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quarantining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To compel to remain at a distance, or in a given place, without intercourse, when suspected of having contagious disease; to put under, or in, quarantine.</def>

<h1>Quarl</h1>
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<hw>Quarl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>qualle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A medusa, or jellyfish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The jellied <b>quarl</b> that flings
At once a thousand streaming stings.
<i>J. R. Drake.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quarrel</h1>
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<hw>Quar"rel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>quarel</ets>, OF. <ets>quarrel</ets>, F. <ets>carreau</ets>, LL. <ets>quadrellus</ets>, from L. <ets>quadrus</ets> square. See <er>Quadrate</er>, and cf. <er>Quadrel</er>, <er>Quarry</er> an arrow, <er>Carrel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An arrow for a crossbow; -- so named because it commonly had a square head.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To shoot with arrows and <b>quarrel</b>.
<i>Sir J. Mandeville.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Two arblasts, . . . with windlaces and <b>quarrels</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Any small square or quadrangular member</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A square of glass, esp. when set diagonally.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small opening in window tracery, of which the cusps, etc., make the form nearly square.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A square or lozenge-shaped paving tile.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A glazier's diamond.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A four-sided cutting tool or chisel having a diamond-shaped end.</def>

<h1>Quarrel</h1>
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<hw>Quar"rel</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>querele</ets>, OF. <ets>querele</ets>, F. <ets>querelle</ets>, fr. L. <ets>querela</ets>, <ets>querella</ets>, a complaint, fr. <ets>queri</ets> to complain. See <er>Querulous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A breach of concord, amity, or obligation; a falling out; a difference; a disagreement; an antagonism in opinion, feeling, or conduct; esp., an angry dispute, contest, or strife; a brawl; an altercation; <as>as, he had a <ex>quarrel</ex> with his father about expenses</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I will bring a sword upon you that shall avenge the <b>quarrel</b> of my covenant.
<i>Lev. xxvi. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>On open seas their <b>quarrels</b> they debate.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ground of objection, dislike, difference, or hostility; cause of dispute or contest; occasion of altercation.</def>

<blockquote>Herodias had a <b>quarrel</b> against him, and would have killed him.
<i>Mark vi. 19.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No man hath any <b>quarrel</b> to me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He thought he had a good <b>quarrel</b> to attack him.
<i>Holinshed.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Earnest desire or longing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<cs><col>To pick a quarrel</col>. <cd>See under <er>Pick</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Brawl; broil; squabble; affray; feud; tumult; contest; dispute; altercation; contention; wrangle.</syn>

<h1>Quarrel</h1>
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<hw>Quar"rel</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quarreled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Quarrelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quarreling</er> or <er>Quarrelling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To violate concord or agreement; to have a difference; to fall out; to be or become antagonistic.</def>

<blockquote>Our people <b>quarrel</b> with obedience.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But some defect in her
Did <b>quarrel</b> with the noblest grace she owed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dispute angrily, or violently; to wrangle; to scold; to altercate; to contend; to fight.</def>

<blockquote>Beasts called sociable <b>quarrel</b> in hunger and lust.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To find fault; to cavil; <as>as, to <ex>quarrel</ex> with one's lot</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I will not <b>quarrel</b> with a slight mistake.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quarrel</h1>
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<hw>Quar"rel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To quarrel with.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "I had <i>quarelled</i> my brother purposely."

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To compel by a quarrel; <as>as, to <ex>quarrel</ex> a man out of his estate or rights</as>.</def>

<h1>Quarrel</h1>
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<hw>Quar"rel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>quarreller</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who quarrels or wrangles; one who is quarrelsome.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Quarrelet</h1>
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<hw>Quar"rel*et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little quarrel. See 1st <er>Quarrel</er>, 2.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Quarrelets</i> of pearl [teeth]."

<i>Herrick.</i>

<h1>Quarreling</h1>
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<hw>Quar"rel*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Engaged in a quarrel; apt or disposed to quarrel; <as>as, <ex>quarreling</ex> factions; a <ex>quarreling</ex> mood.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Quar"rel*ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Quarrellous</h1>
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<hw>Quar"rel*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>querelous</ets>, F. <ets>querelleux</ets>, L. <ets>querulosus</ets> and <ets>querulus</ets>, fr. <ets>queri</ets> to complain. See 2d <er>Quarrel</er>.]</ety> <def>Quarrelsome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also <asp>quarrellous</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Quarrelsome</h1>
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<hw>Quar"rel*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Apt or disposed to quarrel; given to brawls and contention; easily irritated or provoked to contest; irascible; choleric.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Pugnacious; irritable; irascible; brawling; choleric; fiery; petulant.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Quar"rel*some*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Quar"rel*some*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Quarried</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ried</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Provided with prey.</def>

<blockquote>Now I am bravely <b>quarried</b>.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quarrier</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ri*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A worker in a stone quarry.</def>

<h1>Quarry</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>quarre</ets>, OF. <ets>quarr\'82</ets> square, F. <ets>carr\'82</ets>, from L. <ets>quadratus</ets> square, quadrate, <ets>quadratum</ets> a square. See <er>Quadrate</er>, and cf. <er>Quarrel</er> an arrow.]</ety> <def>Same as 1st <er>Quarrel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Quarry</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>quarr\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Quadrate; square.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Quarry</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Quarries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>querre</ets>, OF. <ets>cuiri\'82e</ets>, F. <ets>cur\'82e</ets>, fr. <ets>cuir</ets> hide, leather, fr. L. <ets>corium</ets>; the <ets>quarry</ets> given to the dogs being wrapped in the akin of the beast. See <er>Cuirass</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A part of the entrails of the beast taken, given to the hounds.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A heap of game killed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The object of the chase; the animal hunted for; game; especially, the game hunted with hawks.</def> "The stone-dead <i>quarry</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>The wily <b>quarry</b> shunned the shock.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quarry</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ry</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To secure prey; to prey, as a vulture or harpy.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<h1>Quarry</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>quarrere</ets>, OF. <ets>quariere</ets>, F. <ets>carri\'8are</ets>, LL. <ets>quadraria</ets> a quarry, whence squared (<ets>quadrati</ets>) stones are dug, fr. <ets>quadratus</ets> square. See <er>Quadrate</er>.]</ety> <def>A place, cavern, or pit where stone is taken from the rock or ledge, or dug from the earth, for building or other purposes; a stone pit. See 5th <er>Mine</er> <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>

<h1>Quarry</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ry</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quarried</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quarrying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To dig or take from a quarry; <as>as, to <ex>quarry</ex> marble</as>.</def>

<h1>Quarry-faced</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ry-faced`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Stone Masonry)</fld> <def>Having a face left as it comes from the quarry and not smoothed with the chisel or point; -- said of stones.</def>

<h1>Quarry-man</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ry-man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Quarrymen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man who is engaged in quarrying stones; a quarrier.</def>

<h1>Quart</h1>
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<hw>Quart</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quart</ets>, n. masc., fr. L. <ets>quartus</ets> the fourth, akin to <ets>quattuor</ets> four. See <er>Four</er>, and cf. 2d <er>Carte</er>, <er>Quarto</er>.]</ety> <def>The fourth part; a quarter; hence, a region of the earth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Camber did possess the western <b>quart</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quart</h1>
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<hw>Quart</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quarte</ets>, n. fem., fr. <ets>quart</ets> fourth. See <er>Quart</er> a quarter.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A measure of capacity, both in dry and in liquid measure; the fourth part of a gallon; the eighth part of a peck; two pints.</def>

<note>&hand; In imperial measure, a quart is forty English fluid ounces; in wine measure, it is thirty-two American fluid ounces. The United States dry quart contains 67.20 cubic inches, the fluid quart 57.75. The English quart contains 69.32 cubic inches.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vessel or measure containing a quart.</def>

<h1>Quart</h1>
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<hw>Quart</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Quart</er> a quarter.]</ety> <def>In cards, four successive cards of the same suit. Cf. <er>Tierce</er>, <er>4</er>.</def>

<i>Hoyle.</i>

<h1>Quartan</h1>
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<hw>Quar"tan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quartain</ets>, in <ets>fi\'8avre quartaine</ets>, L. <ets>quartanus</ets>, fr. <ets>quartus</ets> the fourth. See <er>Quart</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the fourth; occurring every fourth day, reckoning inclusively; <as>as, a <ex>quartan</ex> ague, or fever</as>.</def>

<h1>Quartan</h1>
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<hw>Quar"tan</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An intermittent fever which returns every fourth day, reckoning inclusively, that is, one in which the interval between paroxysms is two days.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A measure, the fourth part of some other measure.</def>

<h1>Quartane</h1>
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<hw>Quar"tane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quartus</ets> the fourth.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Butane, each molecule of which has four carbon atoms.</def>

<h1>Quartation</h1>
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<hw>Quar*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quartus</ets> the fourth: cf. F. <ets>quartation</ets>. So called because usually enough silver is added to make the amount of gold in the alloyed button about one <ets>fourth</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem. & Assaying)</fld> <def>The act, process, or result (in the <i>process</i> of parting) of alloying a button of nearly pure gold with enough silver to reduce the fineness so as to allow acids to attack and remove all metals except the gold; -- called also <altname>inquartation</altname>. Compare <er>Parting</er>.</def>

<h1>Quarte</h1>
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<hw>Quarte</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Same as 2d <er>Carte</er>.</def>

<h1>Quartene</h1>
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<hw>Quar"tene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ouart</ets>ane + ethyl<ets>ene</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Butylene</er>.</def>

<h1>Quartenylic</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ten*yl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quartene</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets> + <ets>-ic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the acrylic acid series, metameric with crotonic acid, and obtained as a colorless liquid; -- so called from having four carbon atoms in the molecule. Called also <i>isocrotonic acid</i>.</def>

<h1>Quarter</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quartier</ets>, L. <ets>quartarius</ets> a fourth part, fr. <ets>quartus</ets> the fourth. See <er>Quart</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of four equal parts into which anything is divided, or is regarded as divided; a fourth part or portion; <as>as, a <ex>quarter</ex> of a dollar, of a pound, of a yard, of an hour, etc.</as></def> Hence, specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fourth of a hundred-weight, being 25 or 28 pounds, according as the hundredweight is reckoned at 100 or 112 pounds</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The fourth of a ton in weight, or eight bushels of grain; <as>as, a <ex>quarter</ex> of wheat</as>; also, the fourth part of a chaldron of coal</def>. <i>Hutton</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The fourth part of the moon's period, or monthly revolution; <as>as, the first <ex>quarter</ex> after the change or full</as></def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>One limb of a quadruped with the adjacent parts; one fourth part of the carcass of a slaughtered animal, including a leg; <as>as, the fore <ex>quarters</ex>; the hind <ex>quarters</ex></as></def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>That part of a boot or shoe which forms the side, from the heel to the vamp</def>. <sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>That part on either side of a horse's hoof between the toe and heel, being the side of the coffin</def>. <sd>(g)</sd> <def>A term of study in a seminary, college, etc, etc.; properly, a fourth part of the year, but often longer or shorter.</def> <sd>(h)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The encampment on one of the principal passages round a place besieged, to prevent relief and intercept convoys</def>. <sd>(i)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The after-part of a vessel's side, generally corresponding in extent with the quarter-deck; also, the part of the yardarm outside of the slings</def>. <sd>(j)</sd> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>One of the divisions of an escutcheon when it is divided into four portions by a horizontal and a perpendicular line meeting in the fess point.</def>

<note>&hand; When two coats of arms are united upon one escutcheon, as in case of marriage, the first and fourth quarters display one shield, the second and third the other. See <er>Quarter</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 5.</note>

<sd>(k)</sd> One of the four parts into which the horizon is regarded as divided; a cardinal point; a direction' principal division; a region; a territory.

<blockquote>Scouts each coast light-armed scour,
Each <b>quarter</b>, to descry the distant foe.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(l)</sd> <def>A division of a town, city, or county; a particular district; a locality; <as>as, the Latin <ex>quarter</ex> in Paris</as></def>. <sd>(m)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small upright timber post, used in partitions; -- in the United States more commonly called <altname>stud</altname>.</def> <sd>(n)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The fourth part of the distance from one point of the compass to another, being the fourth part of 11\'f8 15\'b7, that is, about 2\'f8 49\'b7; -- called also <altname>quarter point</altname>.

<-- (o) One fourth of a dollar, i.e. twenty five cents.  Also, the twenty-five cent piece.  Also called a quarter dollar, and two bits -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Proper station; specific place; assigned position; special location.</def>

<blockquote>Swift to their several <b>quarters</b> hasted then
The cumbrous elements.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

Hence, specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A station at which officers and men are posted in battle; -- usually in the plural</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Place of lodging or temporary residence; shelter; entertainment; -- usually in the plural</def>.

<blockquote>The banter turned as to what <b>quarters</b> each would find.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A station or encampment occupied by troops; a place of lodging for soldiers or officers; <as>as, winter <ex>quarters</ex></as></def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Treatment shown by an enemy; mercy; especially, the act of sparing the life a conquered enemy; a refraining from pushing one's advantage to extremes</def>.

<blockquote>He magnified his own clemency, now they were at his mercy, to offer them <b>quarter</b> for their lives.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cocks and lambs . . . at the mercy of cats and wolves . . . must never expect better <b>quarter</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Friendship; amity; concord.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>To keep quarter</i>, to keep one's proper place, and so be on good terms with another. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<-- ## abnormal format. Shold be a collocataion. -->

<blockquote>In <b>quarter</b>, and in terms like bride and groom.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I knew two that were competitors for the secretary's place, . . . and yet <b>kept</b> good <b>quarter</b> between themselves.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>False quarter</col>, <cd>a cleft in the quarter of a horse's foot.</cd> -- <col>Fifth quarter</col>, <cd>the hide and fat; -- a butcher's term.</cd> -- <col>On the quarter</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>in a direction between abeam and astern; opposite, or nearly opposite, a vessel's quarter.</cd> -- <col>Quarter aspect</col>. <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Quadrate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Quarter back</col> <fld>(Football)</fld>, <cd>the player who has position next behind center rush, and receives the ball on the snap back.</cd> -- <col>Quarter badge</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an ornament on the side of a vessel near, the stern. <i>Mar. Dict.</i></cd> -- <col>Quarter bill</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a list specifying the different stations to be taken by the officers and crew in time of action, and the names of the men assigned to each.</cd> -- <col>Quarter block</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a block fitted under the quarters of a yard on each side of the slings, through which the clew lines and sheets are reeved. <i>R. H. Dana, Jr.</i></cd> -- <col>Quarter boat</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a boat hung at a vessel's quarter.</cd> -- <col>Quarter cloths</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>long pieces of painted canvas, used to cover the quarter netting.</cd> -- <col>Quarter day</col>, <cd>a day regarded as terminating a quarter of the year; hence, one on which any payment, especially rent, becomes due. In matters influenced by United States statutes, quarter days are the first days of January, April, July, and October. In New York and many other places, as between landlord and tenant, they are the first days of May, August, November, and February. The quarter days usually recognized in England are 25th of March (Lady Day), the 24th of June (Midsummer Day), the 29th of September (Michaelmas Day), and the 25th of December (Christmas Day).</cd> -- <col>Quarter face</col>, <cd>in fine arts, portrait painting, etc., a face turned away so that but one quarter is visible.</cd> -- <col>Quarter gallery</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a balcony on the quarter of a ship. See <er>Gallery</er>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Quarter gunner</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a petty officer who assists the gunner.</cd> -- <col>Quarter look</col>, <cd>a side glance. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>B. Jonson</i>.</cd> -- <col>Quarter nettings</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>hammock nettings along the quarter rails.</cd> -- <col>Quarter note</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a note equal in duration to half a minim or a fourth of semibreve; a crochet.</cd> -- <col>Quarter pieces</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>several pieces of timber at the after-part of the quarter gallery, near the taffrail. <i>Totten</i>.</cd> -- <col>Quarter point</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Quarter</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1 <sd>(n)</sd>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Quarter railing</col>, &or; <col>Quarter rails</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>narrow molded planks reaching from the top of the stern to the gangway, serving as a fence to the quarter-deck.</cd> -- <col>Quarter sessions</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a general court of criminal jurisdiction held quarterly by the justices of peace in counties and by the recorders in boroughs.</cd> -- <col>Quarter square</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the fourth part of the square of a number. Tables of quarter squares have been devised to save labor in multiplying numbers.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Quarter turn</col>, <col>Quarter turn belt</col></mcol> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>an arrangement in which a belt transmits motion between two shafts which are at right angles with each other.</cd> -- <col>Quarter watch</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a subdivision of the full watch (one fourth of the crew) on a man-of- war.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To give</col>, &or; <col>show</col>, <col>quarter</col></mcol> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to accept as prisoner, on submission in battle; to forbear to kill, as a vanquished enemy.</cd> -- <col>To keep quarter</col>. <cd>See <er>Quarter</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quartter</h1>
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<hw>Quart"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quartered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quartering</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To divide into four equal parts.</def>

<hr>
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Page 1175<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To divide; to separate into parts or regions.</def>

<blockquote>Then sailors <b>quartered</b> heaven.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To furnish with shelter or entertainment; to supply with the means of living for a time; especially, to furnish shelter to; <as>as, to <ex>quarter</ex> soldiers</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They mean this night in Sardis to be <b>quartered</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To furnish as a portion; to allot.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>This isle . . .
He <b>quarters</b> to his blue-haired deities.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>To arrange (different coats of arms) upon one escutcheon, as when a man inherits from both father and mother the right to bear arms.</def>

<note>&hand; When only two coats of arms are so combined they are arranged in four compartments. See <er>Quarter</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1 <sd>(f)</sd>.</note>

<h1>Quarter</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To lodge; to have a temporary residence.</def>

<h1>Quarter</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cartayer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To drive a carriage so as to prevent the wheels from going into the ruts, or so that a rut shall be between the wheels.</def>

<blockquote>Every creature that met us would rely on us for <b>quartering</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quarterage</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ter*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A quarterly allowance.</def>

<h1>Quarter-deck</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ter-deck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>That part of the upper deck abaft the mainmast, including the poop deck when there is one.</def>

<note>&hand; The quarter-deck is reserved as a promenade for the officers and (in passenger vessels) for the cabin passengers.</note>

<h1>Quarterfoil</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ter*foil`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quarier</ets> + <ets>foil</ets>: cf. F. <ets>quatre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornamental foliation having four lobes, or foils.</def>

<h1>Quarterhung</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ter*hung`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Ordnance)</fld> <def>Having trunnions the axes of which lie below the bore; -- said of a cannon.</def>

<h1>Quartering</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ter*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Coming from a point well abaft the beam, but not directly astern; -- said of waves or any moving object.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>At right angles, as the cranks of a locomotive, which are in planes forming a right angle with each other.</def>

<h1>Quartering</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ter*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A station.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Assignment of quarters for soldiers; quarters.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The division of a shield containing different coats of arms into four or more compartments.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the different coats of arms arranged upon an escutcheon, denoting the descent of the bearer.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A series of quarters, or small upright posts. See <er>Quarter</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1 <sd>(m)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld></def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<cs><col>Quartering block</col>, <cd>a block on which the body of a condemned criminal was quartered.</cd></cs>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Quarterly</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ter*ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Containing, or consisting of, a fourth part; <as>as, <ex>quarterly</ex> seasons</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Recurring during, or at the end of, each quarter; <as>as, <ex>quarterly</ex> payments of rent; a <ex>quarterly</ex> meeting.</as></def>

<h1>Quarterly</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ter*ly</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Quarterlies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A periodical work published once a quarter, or four times in a year.</def>

<h1>Quarterly</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ter*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>By quarters; once in a quarter of a year; <as>as, the returns are made <ex>quarterly</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>In quarters, or quarterings; <as>as, to bear arms <ex>quarterly</ex></as>; in four or more parts; -- said of a shield thus divided by lines drawn through it at right angles.</def>

<h1>Quartermaster</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ter*mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quarter</ets> + <ets>master</ets>: cf. F. <ets>quartier-ma\'8ctre</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An officer whose duty is to provide quarters, provisions, storage, clothing, fuel, stationery, and transportation for a regiment or other body of troops, and superintend the supplies.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A petty officer who attends to the helm, binnacle, signals, and the like, under the direction of the master.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<cs><col>Quartermaster general</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>in the United States a staff officer, who has the rank of brigadier general and is the chief officer in the quartermaster's department; in England, an officer of high rank stationed at the War Office having similar duties; also, a staff officer, usually a general officer, accompanying each complete army in the field.</cd> -- <col>Quartermaster sergeant</col>. <cd>See <er>Sergeant</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quartern</h1>
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<hw>Quar"tern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[OE. <ets>quarteroun</ets>, <ets>quartron</ets>, F. <ets>quarteron</ets>, the fourth part of a pound, or of a hundred; cf. L. <ets>quartarius</ets> a fourth part, quarter of any measure, quartern, gill. See <er>Quarter</er>, and cf. <er>Quarteron</er>, <er>Quadroon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A quarter. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> The fourth part of a pint; a gill. <sd>(b)</sd> The fourth part of a peck, or of a stone (14 ibs.).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A loaf of bread weighing about four pounds; -- called also <altname>quartern loaf</altname>.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Quarteron</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ter*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Quartern</er>.]</ety> <def>A quarter; esp., a quarter of a pound, or a quarter of a hundred.</def>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Quarteron, Quarteroon</h1>
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<hw><hw>Quar"ter*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Quar"ter*oon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A quadroon.</def>

<h1>Quarterpace</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ter*pace`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A platform of a staircase where the stair turns at a right angle only. See <er>Halfpace</er>.</def>

<h1>Quarter round</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ter round`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ovolo.</def>

<h1>Quarterstaff</h1>
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<hw>Quar"ter*staff`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Quarterstaves</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A long and stout staff formerly used as a weapon of defense and offense; -- so called because in holding it one hand was placed in the middle, and the other between the middle and the end.</def>

<h1>Quartet, Quartette</h1>
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<hw><hw>Quar*tet"</hw>, <hw>Quar*tette"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>quartetto</ets>, dim. of quarto the fourth, a fourth part, fr. L. <ets>quartus</ets> the fourth. See <er>Quart</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A composition in four parts, each performed by a single voice or instrument.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The set of four person who perform a piece of music in four parts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Poet.)</fld> <def>A stanza of four lines.</def>

<h1>Quartic</h1>
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<hw>Quar"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>quartus</ets> fourth.]</ety> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>Of the fourth degree.</def>

<h1>Quartic</h1>
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<hw>Quar"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>A quantic of the fourth degree. See <er>Quantic</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A curve or surface whose equation is of the fourth degree in the variables.</def>

<h1>Quartile</h1>
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<hw>Quar"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.<ets>quartile aspect</ets>, fr. L. <ets>quartus</ets> the fourth. See <er>Quart</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Quadrate</er>.</def>

<h1>Quartine</h1>
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<hw>Quar"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>quartus</ets> the fourth.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A supposed fourth integument of an ovule, counting from the outside.</def>

<h1>Quarto</h1>
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<hw>Quar"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>in quarto</ets> in fourth, from <ets>quartus</ets> the fourth: cf. F. (<ets>in</ets>) <ets>quarto</ets>. See <er>Quart</er>.]</ety> <def>Having four leaves to the sheet; of the form or size of a quarto.</def>

<h1>Quarto</h1>
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<hw>Quar"to</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Quartos</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>Originally, a book of the size of the fourth of sheet of printing paper; a size leaves; in present usage, a book of a square or nearly square form, and usually of large size.</def>

<h1>Quartridge</h1>
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<hw>Quar"tridge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quarterage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Quartz</h1>
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<hw>Quartz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>quarz</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A form of silica, or silicon dioxide (<chform>SiO2</chform>), occurring in hexagonal crystals, which are commonly colorless and transparent, but sometimes also yellow, brown, purple, green, and of other colors; also in cryptocrystalline massive forms varying in color and degree of transparency, being sometimes opaque.</def>

<note>&hand; The crystalline varieties include: <i>amethyst</i>, <i>violet</i>; <i>citrine</i> and <i>false topaz</i>, pale yellow; <i>rock crystal</i>, transparent and colorless or nearly so; <i>rose quartz</i>, rosecolored; <i>smoky quartz</i>, smoky brown. The chief crypto-crystalline varieties are: <i>agate</i>, a chalcedony in layers or clouded with different colors, including the <i>onyx</i> and <i>sardonyx</i>; <i>carnelian</i> and <i>sard</i>, red or flesh-colored chalcedony; <i>chalcedony</i>, nearly white, and waxy in luster; <i>chrysoprase</i>, an apple-green chalcedony; <i>flint</i>, <i>hornstone</i>, <i>basanite</i>, or <i>touchstone</i>, brown to black in color and compact in texture; <i>heliotrope</i>, green dotted with red; <i>jasper</i>, opaque, red yellow, or brown, colored by iron or ferruginous clay; <i>prase</i>, translucent and dull leek-green. Quartz is an essential constituent of granite, and abounds in rocks of all ages. It forms the rocks quartzite (<i>quartz rock</i>) and sandstone, and makes most of the sand of the seashore.</note>

<h1>Quartziferous</h1>
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<hw>Quartz*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quartz</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Consisting chiefly of quartz; containing quartz.</def>

<h1>Quartzite</h1>
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<hw>Quartz"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>quartzite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Massive quartz occurring as a rock; a metamorphosed sandstone; -- called also <altname>quartz rock</altname>.</def>

<h1>Quartzoid</h1>
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<hw>Quartz"oid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quartz</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A form of crystal common with quartz, consisting of two six-sided pyramids, base to base.</def>

<h1>Quartzose</h1>
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<hw>Quartz"ose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>quartzeux</ets>, G. <ets>quarzig</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Containing, or resembling, quartz; partaking of the nature or qualities of quartz.</def>

<h1>quartzous</h1>
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<hw>quartz"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Quarzose.</def>

<h1>Quartzy</h1>
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<hw>Quartz"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Quartzose.</def>

<h1>Quas</h1>
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<hw>Quas</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of beer. Same as <er>Quass</er>.</def>

<h1>Quaschi, Quasje</h1>
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<hw><hw>Quas"chi</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Quas"je</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The brown coati. See <er>Coati</er>.</def>

<h1>Quash</h1>
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<hw>Quash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Squash</er>.</def>

<h1>Quash</h1>
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<hw>Quash</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quashed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>quasser</ets>, F. <ets>casser</ets>, fr. L. <ets>cassare</ets> to annihilate, annul, fr. <ets>cassus</ets> empty, vain, of uncertain origin. The word has been confused with L.<ets>quassare</ets> to shake, F. <ets>casser</ets> to break, which is probably of different origin. Cf. <er>Cashier</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To abate, annul, overthrow, or make void; <as>as, to <ex>quash</ex> an indictment</as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Quash</h1>
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<hw>Quash</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>quasser</ets>, F. <ets>casser</ets>, fr. L. <ets>quassare</ets> to shake, shatter, shiver, v. intens. fr. <ets>quatere</ets>, <ets>quassum</ets>, to shake, shatter. Cf. <er>Concussion</er>, <er>Discuss</er>, <er>Rescue</er>, and also <er>Quash</er> to annul.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat down, or beat in pieces; to dash forcibly; to crush.</def>

<blockquote>The whales
Against sharp rocks, like reeling vessels, <b>quashed</b>,
Though huge as mountains, are in pieces dashed.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To crush; to subdue; to suppress or extinguish summarily and completely; <as>as, to <ex>quash</ex> a rebellion</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Contrition is apt to <b>quash</b> or allay all worldly grief.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quash</h1>
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<hw>Quash</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be shaken, or dashed about, with noise.</def>

<h1>Quashee</h1>
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<hw>Quash"ee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A negro of the West Indies.</def>

<h1>Quasi</h1>
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<hw>Qua"si</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>As if; as though; as it were; in a manner sense or degree; having some resemblance to; qualified; -- used as an adjective, or a prefix with a noun or an adjective; <as>as, a <ex>quasi</ex> contract, an implied contract, an obligation which has arisen from some act, as if from a contract; a <ex>quasi</ex> corporation, a body that has some, but not all, of the peculiar attributes of a corporation; a <ex>quasi</ex> argument, that which resembles, or is used as, an argument; <ex>quasi</ex> historical, apparently historical, seeming to be historical</as>.</def>

<h1>Quasimodo</h1>
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<hw>Quas`i*mo"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from the first words of the Latin introit, <ets>quasi modo geniti infantes</ets> as newborn babes, <i>1 Pet. ii. 2</i>.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The first Sunday after Easter; Low Sunday.</def>

<h1>Quass</h1>
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<hw>Quass</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>kvas'</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thin, sour beer, made by pouring warm water on rye or barley meal and letting it ferment, -- much used by the Russians.</def> <altsp>[written also <asp>quas</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quassation</h1>
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<hw>Quas*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quassatio</ets>, from <ets>quassare</ets> to shake. See <er>Quash</er> to crush.]</ety> <def>The act of shaking, or the state of being shaken.</def>

<i>Gayton.</i>

<h1>Quassia</h1>
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<hw>Quas"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. From the name of a negro, <ets>Quassy</ets>, or <ets>Quash</ets>, who prescribed this article as a specific.]</ety> <def>The wood of several tropical American trees of the order <spn>Simarube\'91</spn>, as <spn>Quassia amara</spn>, <spn>Picr\'91na excelsa</spn>, and <spn>Simaruba amara</spn>. It is intensely bitter, and is used in medicine and sometimes as a substitute for hops in making beer.</def>

<h1>Quassin</h1>
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<hw>Quas"sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>quassine</ets>. See <er>Quassia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The bitter principle of quassia, extracted as a white crystalline substance; -- formerly called <altname>quassite</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>quass\'c6in</asp>, and <asp>quassine</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quat</h1>
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<hw>Quat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A pustule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An annoying, worthless person.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Quat</h1>
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<hw>Quat</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To satiate; to satisfy.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Quata</h1>
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<hw>Qua"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The coaita.</def>

<h1>Quatch</h1>
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<hw>Quatch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Squat; flat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Quater-cousin</h1>
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<hw>Qua"ter-cous`in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quatre</ets> four + <ets>cousin</ets>, E. <ets>cousin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cousin within the first four degrees of kindred.</def>

<h1>Quaternary</h1>
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<hw>Qua*ter"na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quaternarius</ets> consisting of four each, containing four, fr. <ets>quaterni</ets> four each, fr. <ets>quattuor</ets> four: cf. F. <ets>quaternaire</ets>. See <er>Four</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of four; by fours, or in sets of four.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Later than, or subsequent to, the Tertiary; Post-tertiary; <as>as, the <ex>Quaternary</ex> age, or Age of man</as>.</def>

<h1>Quaternary</h1>
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<hw>Qua*ter"na*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. numerus <ets>quaternarius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>quaternaire</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The number four.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The Quaternary age, era, or formation. See the <i>Chart</i> of <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Quaternate</h1>
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<hw>Qua*ter"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Composed of, or arranged in, sets of four; quaternary; <as>as, <ex>quaternate</ex> leaves</as>.</def>

<h1>Quaternion</h1>
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<hw>Qua*ter"ni*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quaternio</ets>, fr.<ets>quaterni</ets> four each. See <er>Quaternary</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The number four.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A set of four parts, things, or person; four things taken collectively; a group of four words, phrases, circumstances, facts, or the like.</def>

<blockquote>Delivered him to four <b>quaternions</b> of soldiers.
<i>Acts xii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ye elements, the eldest birth
 Of Nature's womb, that in <b>quaternion</b> run.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The triads and <b>quaternions</b> with which he loaded his sentences.
<i> Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A word of four syllables; a quadrisyllable.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The quotient of two vectors, or of two directed right lines in space, considered as depending on four geometrical elements, and as expressible by an algebraic symbol of quadrinomial form.</def>

<note>&hand; The science or calculus of <i>quaternions</i> is a new mathematical method, in which the conception of a <i>quaternion</i> is unfolded and symbolically expressed, and is applied to various classes of algebraical, geometrical, and physical questions, so as to discover theorems, and to arrive at the solution of problems.</note>

<i>Sir W. R. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Quaternion</h1>
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<hw>Qua*ter"ni*on</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To divide into quaternions, files, or companies.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Quaternity</h1>
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<hw>Qua*ter"ni*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.<ets>quaternitas</ets>, fr. L. <ets>quaterni</ets> four each: cf. F. <ets>quaternit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The number four.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The union of four in one, as of four persons; -- analogous to the theological term <i>trinity</i>.</def>

<h1>Quateron</h1>
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<hw>Qua"ter*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 2d <er>Quarteron</er>.</def>

<h1>Quatorzain</h1>
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<hw>Qua*torz"ain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Quatorze</er>.]</ety> <def>A poem of fourteen lines; a sonnet.</def>

<i>R. H. Stoddard.</i>

<h1>Quatorze</h1>
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<hw>Qua*torze"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quatorze</ets> fourteen, L. <ets>quattuordecim</ets>. See <er>Fourteen</er>.]</ety> <def>The four aces, kings, queens, knaves, or tens, in the game of piquet; -- so called because <i>quatorze</i> counts as fourteen points.</def>

<h1>Quatrain</h1>
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<hw>Quat"rain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>quatre</ets> four, L. <ets>quattuor</ets>, <ets>quatuor</ets>. See <er>Four</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A stanza of four lines rhyming alternately.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Quatre</h1>
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<hw>Qua"tre</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A card, die. or domino, having four spots, or pips</def>

<h1>Quatrefeuille, Quatrefoil</h1>
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<hw><hw>Qua"tre*feuille</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Qua"tre*foil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quatre feuilles</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Quarterfoil</er>.</def>

<h1>Quatuor</h1>
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<hw>Quat"u*or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>quattuor</ets>, <ets>quatuor</ets>, four. See <er>Quartet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A quartet; -- applied chiefly to instrumental compositions.</def>

<h1>Quave</h1>
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<hw>Quave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Quaver</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Quave</h1>
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<hw>Quave</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To quaver.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Quavemire</h1>
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<hw>Quave"mire`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Quagmire</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Quaver</h1>
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<hw>Qua"ver</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quavered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quavering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>quaven</ets> to shake, to tremble; cf. LG. <ets>quabbeln</ets> to shake, to be soft, of fat substances, <ets>quabbe</ets> a fat lump of flesh, a dewlap, D. <ets>kwabbe</ets>, and E. <ets>quiver</ets>, v.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To tremble; to vibrate; to shake.</def>

<i>Sir I. Newton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Especially, to shake the voice; to utter or form sound with rapid or tremulous vibrations, as in singing; also, to trill on a musical instrument</def>

<h1>Quaver</h1>
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<hw>Qua"ver</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter with quavers.</def>

<blockquote>We shall hear her <b>quavering</b> them . . . to some sprightly airs of the opera.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quaver</h1>
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<hw>Qua"ver</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shake, or rapid and tremulous vibration, of the voice, or of an instrument of music.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An eighth note. See <er>Eighth</er>.</def>

<h1>Quaverer</h1>
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<hw>Qua"ver*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who quavers; a warbler.</def>

<h1>Quay</h1>
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<hw>Quay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quai</ets>. See <er>Key</er> quay.]</ety> <def>A mole, bank, or wharf, formed toward the sea, or at the side of a harbor, river, or other navigable water, for convenience in loading and unloading vessels.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>key</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quay</h1>
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<hw>Quay</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with quays.</def>

<h1>Quayage</h1>
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<hw>Quay"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Wharfage.</def> <altsp>[Also <asp>keyage</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quayd</h1>
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<hw>Quayd</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Quail</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Que</h1>
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<hw>Que</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. 3d <er>Cue</er>.]</ety> <def>A half farthing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Queach</h1>
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<hw>Queach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Quick</er>.]</ety> <def>A thick, bushy plot; a thicket.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Queach</h1>
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<hw>Queach</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. E. <ets>quich</ets>, v. i., <ets>quick</ets>, v. i.; or AS. <ets>cweccan</ets> to shake.]</ety> <def>To stir; to move. See <er>Quick</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Queachy</h1>
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<hw>Queach"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Yielding or trembling under the feet, as moist or boggy ground; shaking; moving.</def> "The <i>queachy</i> fens." "Godwin's <i>queachy</i> sands."

<i>Drayton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Like a queach; thick; bushy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cockeram.</i>

<h1>Quean</h1>
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<hw>Quean</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Originally, a woman, AS. <ets>cwene</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>quena</ets>, OHG. <ets>quena</ets>, Icel. <ets>kona</ets>, Goth <ets>qin<?/</ets>, and AS. <ets>cw\'82n</ets>, also to Gr. <?/ woman, wife, Skr. <ets>gn\'be</ets> goddess. Cf. <er>Queen</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A woman; a young or unmarried woman; a girl.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A low woman; a wench; a slut.</def> "The dread of every scolding <i>quean</i>."

<i>Gay.</i>

<h1>Queasily</h1>
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<hw>Quea"si*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a queasy manner.</def>

<h1>Queasiness</h1>
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<hw>Quea"si*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being queasy; nausea; qualmishness; squeamishness.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

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Page 1176<p>

<h1>Queasy</h1>
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<hw>Quea"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>kweisa</ets> pain; cf. Norw. <ets>kveis</ets> sickness after a debauch.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sick at the stomach; affected with nausea; inclined to vomit; qualmish.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fastidious; squeamish; delicate; easily disturbed; unsettled; ticklish.</def> " A <i>queasy</i> question."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Some seek, when <b>queasy</b> conscience has its qualms.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quebec group</h1>
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<hw>Que*bec" group`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The middle of the three groups into which the rocks of the Canadian period have been divided in the American Lower Silurian system. See the <i>Chart</i> of <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Quebracho</h1>
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<hw>Que*bra"cho</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Chilian apocynaceous tree (<spn>Aspidosperma Quebracho</spn>); also, its bark, which is used as a febrifuge, and for dyspn&oe;a of the lung, or bronchial diseases; -- called also <altname>white quebracho</altname>, to distinguish it from the <i>red quebracho</i>, a Mexican anacardiaceous tree (<spn>Loxopterygium Lorentzii</spn>) whose bark is said to have similar properties.</def>

<i>J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).</i>

<h1>Quebrith</h1>
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<hw>Queb"rith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>quebrit</ets>, <ets>quibrith</ets>, Ar. <ets>kibr\'c6t</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Alchemy)</fld> <def>Sulphur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Quech, Queck</h1>
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<hw><hw>Quech</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Queck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Quick</er>, <er>Queach</er>.]</ety> <def>A word occurring in a corrupt passage of Bacon's Essays, and probably meaning, to stir, to move.</def>

<h1>Queen</h1>
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<hw>Queen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>quen</ets>, <ets>quene</ets>, queen, quean, AS. <ets>cw&emac;n</ets> wife, queen, woman; akin to OS. <ets>qu\'ben</ets> wife, woman, Icel. <ets>kv\'ben</ets> wife, queen, Goth. <ets>q&emac;ns</ets>. &root;221. See <er>Quean</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The wife of a king.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A woman who is the sovereign of a kingdom; a female monarch; <as>as, Elizabeth, <ex>queen</ex> of England; Mary, <ex>queen</ex> of Scots.</as></def>

<blockquote>In faith, and by the heaven's <b>quene</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A woman eminent in power or attractions; the highest of her kind; <as>as, a <ex>queen</ex> in society; -- also used figuratively of cities, countries, etc.</as></def> " This <i>queen</i> of cities."  " Albion, <i>queen</i> of isles."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The fertile, or fully developed, female of social bees, ants, and termites.</def>

<h1>5</h1>
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<hw>5</hw>, <fld>(Chess)</fld> <def>The most powerful, and except the king the most important, piece in a set of chessmen.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A playing card bearing the picture of a queen; <as>as, the <ex>queen</ex> of spades</as>.</def>

<-- 7. <def>A male homosexual, esp. one who is effeminate or dresses in women's clothing.</def> Sometimes pejorative. -->

<cs><col>Queen apple</col>. <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>quyne aple<ets> quince apple.]</ety> <cd>A kind of apple; a queening. "<i>Queen apples<i> and red cherries." <i>Spenser</i>.</cd> -- <col>Queen bee</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a female bee, especially the female of the honeybee. See <er>Honeybee</er>.</cd><-- the fully developed female in a colony of bees, ants, or termites which lays eggs.  Usually there is only one in a colony; the queen is often somewhat larger than other bees, and is specially fed to develop her egg-laying capacity. (b) (Fig.) A woman who feels and acts as though she is of special importance.  Usu. pejorative. --> -- <col>Queen conch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large West Indian cameo conch (<spn>Cassis cameo</spn>). It is much used for making cameos.</cd> -- <col>Queen consort</col>, <cd>the wife of a reigning king. <i>Blackstone</i>.</cd> -- <col>Queen dowager</col>, <cd>the widow of a king.</cd> -- <col>Queen gold</col>, <cd>formerly a revenue of the queen consort of England, arising from gifts, fines, etc.</cd> -- <col>Queen mother</col>, <cd>a queen dowager who is also mother of the reigning king or queen.</cd> -- <col>Queen of May</col>. <cd>See <cref>May queen</cref>, under <er>May</er>.</cd> -- <col>Queen of the meadow</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a European herbaceous plant (<spn>Spir\'91a Ulmaria</spn>). See <er>Meadowsweet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Queen of the prairie</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American herb (<spn>Spir\'91a lobata</spn>) with ample clusters of pale pink flowers.</cd> -- <col>Queen pigeon</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of very large and handsome crested ground pigeons of the genus <spn>Goura</spn>, native of New Guinea and the adjacent islands. They are mostly pale blue, or ash-blue, marked with white, and have a large occipital crest of spatulate feathers. Called also <altname>crowned pigeon</altname>, <altname>goura</altname>, and <altname>Victoria pigeon</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Queen regent</col>, &or; <col>Queen regnant</col></mcol>, <cd>a queen reigning in her own right.</cd> -- <col>Queen's Bench</col>. <cd>See <er>King's Bench</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Queen's counsel</col>, <col>Queen's evidence</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>King's counsel</cref>, <cref>King's evidence</cref>, under <er>King</er>.</cd> -- <col>Queen's delight</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American plant (<spn>Stillinqia sylvatica</spn>) of the Spurge family, having an herbaceous stem and a perennial woody root.</cd> -- <col>Queen's metal</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>an alloy somewhat resembling pewter or britannia, and consisting essentially of tin with a slight admixture of antimony, bismuth, and lead or copper.</cd> -- <col>Queen's pigeon</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <i>Queen pigeon<i>, above.</cd> -- <col>Queen's ware</col>, <cd>glazed English earthenware of a cream color.</cd> -- <col>Queen's yellow</col> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a heavy yellow powder consisting of a basic mercuric sulphate; -- formerly called <altname>turpetum minerale</altname>, or <altname>Turbith's mineral</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Queen</h1>
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<hw>Queen</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act the part of a queen.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Queen</h1>
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<hw>Queen</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Queened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Queening</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chess.)</fld> <def>To make a queen (or other piece, at the player's discretion) of by moving it to the eighth row; <as>as, to <ex>queen</ex> a pawn</as>.</def>

<h1>Queencraft</h1>
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<hw>Queen"craft`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Craft or skill in policy on the part of a queen.</def>

<blockquote>Elizabeth showed much <b>queencraft</b> in procuring the votes of the nobility.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Queendom</h1>
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<hw>Queen"dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The dominion, condition, or character of a queen.</def>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Queenfish</h1>
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<hw>Queen"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A California sci\'91noid food fish (<spn>Seriphys politus</spn>). The back is bluish, and the sides and belly bright silvery. Called also <altname>kingfish</altname>.</def>

<h1>Queenhood</h1>
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<hw>Queen"hood</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state, personality, or character of a queen; queenliness.</def>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Queening</h1>
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<hw>Queen"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Queen apple</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any one of several kinds of apples, as <i>summer queening</i>, <i>scarlet queening</i>, and <i>early queening</i>. An apple called the <i>queening</i> was cultivated in England two hundred years ago.</def>

<h1>Queenliness</h1>
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<hw>Queen"li*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being queenly; the; characteristic of a queen; stateliness; eminence among women in attractions or power.</def>

<h1>Queenly</h1>
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<hw>Queen"ly</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cw&emac;nlic</ets> feminine.]</ety> <def>Like, becoming, or suitable to, a queen.</def>

<h1>Oueen-post</h1>
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<hw>Oueen"-post`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Arch.]</mark> <def>One of two suspending posts in a roof truss, or other framed truss of similar form. See <er>King-post</er>.</def>

<h1>Queenship</h1>
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<hw>Queen"ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state, rank, or dignity of a queen.</def>

<h1>Queensland nut</h1>
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<hw>Queens"land nut`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The nut of an Australian tree (<spn>Macadamia ternifolia</spn>). It is about an inch in diameter, and contains a single round edible seed, or sometimes two hemispherical seeds. So called from <i>Queensland</i> in Australia.</def>

<h1>Queen truss</h1>
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<hw>Queen" truss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A truss framed with queen-posts; a queen-post truss.</def>

<h1>Queer</h1>
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<hw>Queer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Queerer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Queerest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[G. <ets>quer</ets> cross, oblique, athwart (cf. <ets>querkopf</ets> a queer fellow), <er>OHG</er>. <ets>twer</ets>, <ets>twerh</ets>, <ets>dwerah</ets>; akin to D. <ets>dvars</ets>, AS, <ets>&thorn;weorh</ets> thwart, bent, twisted, Icel. <ets>&thorn;verr</ets> thwart, transverse, Goth. <ets>&thorn;wa\'8drhs</ets> angry, and perh. to L. <ets>torqyere</ets> to twist, and E. <ets>through</ets>. Cf. <er>Torture</er>, <er>Through</er>, <er>Thwart</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At variance with what is usual or normal; differing in some odd way from what is ordinary; odd; singular; strange; whimsical; <as>as, a <ex>queer</ex> story or act</as>.</def> " A <i>queer</i> look."

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Mysterious; suspicious; questionable; <as>as, a <ex>queer</ex> transaction</as>.</def>
<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Queer</h1>
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<hw>Queer</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Counterfeit money.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<cs><col>To shove the queer</col>, <cd>to put counterfeit money in circulation. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Queerish</h1>
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<hw>Queer"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rather queer; somewhat singular.</def>

<h1>Queerly</h1>
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<hw>Queer"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a queer or odd manner.</def>

<h1>Queerness</h1>
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<hw>Queer"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being queer.</def>

<h1>Queest</h1>
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<hw>Queest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>kvisa</ets> a kind of bird, <ets>kvistr</ets> a branch of a tree, and E. <ets>cushat</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European ringdove (<spn>Columba palumbus</spn>); the cushat.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>quist</asp>, <asp>queeze</asp>, <asp>quice</asp>, <asp>queece</asp>.]</altsp> See <er>Ringdove</er>.

<h1>Quegh</h1>
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<hw>Quegh</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A drinking vessel. See <er>Quaich</er>.</def>

<h1>Queint</h1>
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<hw>Queint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Quaint</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Queint</h1>
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<hw>Queint</hw>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Quench</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Queintise</h1>
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<hw>Queint"ise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Quaintise</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Quell</h1>
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<hw>Quell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quelled</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Quail</er> to cower.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To die.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Yet he did quake and quaver, like to <b>quell</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be subdued or abated; to yield; to abate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Winter's wrath begins to <b>quell</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quell</h1>
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<hw>Quell</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>quellen</ets> to kill, AS. <ets>cwellan</ets>, causative of <ets>cwelan</ets> to die; akin to OHG. <ets>quellen</ets> to torment, Icel. <ets>kvelja</ets>. See <er>Quail</er> to cower.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take the life of; to kill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>The ducks cried as [if] men would them <b>quelle</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To overpower; to subdue; to put down.</def>

<blockquote>The nation obeyed the call, rallied round the sovereign, and enabled him to <b>quell</b> the disaffected minority.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Northward marching to <b>quell</b> the sudden revolt.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To quiet; to allay; to pacify; to cause to yield or cease; <as>as, to <ex>quell</ex> grief; to <ex>quell</ex> the tumult of the soul.</as></def>

<blockquote>Much did his words the gentle lady <b>quell</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- to subdue; crush; overpower; reduce; put down; repress; suppress; quiet; allay; calm; pacify.</syn>

<h1>Quell</h1>
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<hw>Quell</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Murder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Queller</h1>
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<hw>Quell"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A killer; <as>as, Jack the Giant <ex>Queller</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif (Mark vi. 27).</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who quells; one who overpowers or subdues.</def>

<h1>Quellio</h1>
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<hw>Quel"li*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>cuello</ets>, L. <ets>collum</ets> neck.]</ety> <def>A ruff for the neck.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Quelquechose</h1>
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<hw>Quelque"chose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quelque chose</ets> something.]</ety> <def>A trifle; a kickshaw.</def>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Queme</h1>
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<hw>Queme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cw&emac;man</ets>, akin to <ets>cuman</ets> to come. &root;23.]</ety> <def>To please.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Quemeful</h1>
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<hw>Queme"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Kindly; merciful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Quench</h1>
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<hw>Quench</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quenched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quenching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>quenchen</ets>, AS. <ets>cwencan</ets> in <ets>\'becwencan</ets>, to extinguish utterly, causative of <ets>cwincan</ets>, <ets>\'becwincan</ets>, to decrease, disappear; cf. AS. <ets>cw\'c6nan</ets>, <ets>\'becw\'c6nan</ets>, to waste or dwindle away.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To extinguish; to overwhelm; to make an end of; -- said of flame and fire, of things burning, and figuratively of sensations and emotions; <as>as, to <ex>quench</ex> flame; to <ex>quench</ex> a candle; to <ex>quench</ex> thirst, love, hate, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Ere our blood shall <b>quench</b> that fire.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The supposition of the lady's death
Will <b>quench</b> the wonder of her infamy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cool suddenly, as heated steel, in tempering.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To extinguish; still; stifle; allay; cool; check.</syn>

<h1>Quench</h1>
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<hw>Quench</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become extinguished; to go out; to become calm or cool.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Dost thou think in time
She will not <b>quench</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quenchable</h1>
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<hw>Quench"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being quenched.</def>

<h1>Quencher</h1>
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<hw>Quench"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, quenches.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Quenchless</h1>
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<hw>Quench"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being quenched; inextinguishable; <as>as, <ex>quenchless</ex> fire or fury</as>.</def> "Once kindled, <i>quenchless</i> evermore."

<i>Byron.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Inextinguishable; unquenchable.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Quench"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Quench"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Quenelle</h1>
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<hw>Que*nelle"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A kind of delicate forcemeat, commonly poached and used as a dish by itself or for garnishing.</def>

<h1>Quenouille training</h1>
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<hw>Que*nouille train"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F. <ets>quenouille</ets> distaff.]</ety> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>A method of training trees or shrubs in the shape of a cone or distaff by tying down the branches and pruning.</def>

<h1>Quercitannic</h1>
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<hw>Quer`ci*tan"nic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quercus</ets> an oak + E. <ets>tannic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a tannic acid found in oak bark and extracted as a yellowish brown amorphous substance.</def>

<h1>Quercite</h1>
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<hw>Quer"cite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline substance, <chform>C6H7(OH)5</chform>, found in acorns, the fruit of the oak (<spn>Quercus</spn>). It has a sweet taste, and is regarded as a pentacid alcohol.</def>

<h1>Quercitin</h1>
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<hw>Quer"ci*tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow crystalline substance, occurring quite widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, as is apple-tree bark, horse-chestnut leaves, etc., but originally obtained by the decomposition of quercitrin. Called also <altname>meletin</altname>.</def>

<h1>Quercitrin</h1>
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<hw>Quer"cit*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>quercitrin</ets>. See <er>Quercitron</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside extracted from the bark of the oak (<spn>Quercus</spn>) as a bitter citron-yellow crystalline substance, used as a pigment and called <altname>quercitron</altname>.</def>

<h1>Quercitron</h1>
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<hw>Quer"cit*ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quercitron</ets>, the name of the name of tree; L. <ets>quercus</ets> an oak + <ets>citrus</ets> the citron <ets>tree</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The yellow inner bark of the <spn>Quercus tinctoria</spn>, the American black oak, yellow oak, dyer's oak, or quercitron oak, a large forest tree growing from Maine to eastern Texas.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Quercitrin, used as a pigment. See <er>Quercitrin</er>.</def>

<h1>Quercus</h1>
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<hw>Quer"cus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., an oak.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees constituted by the oak. See <er>Oak</er>.</def>

<h1>Querele</h1>
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<hw>Quer"ele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Quarrel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A complaint to a court. See <er>Audita Querela</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Querent</h1>
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<hw>Que"rent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>querens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>queri</ets> to complain.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A complainant; a plaintiff.</def>

<h1>Querent</h1>
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<hw>Que"rent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quaerens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>quaerere</ets> to search for, to inquire.]</ety> <def>An inquirer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Aubrey.</i>

<h1>Quermonious</h1>
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<hw>Quer`*mo"ni*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>querimonia</ets> a complaint, fr. <ets>queri</ets> to complain. See <er>Querulous</er>.]</ety> <def>Complaining; querulous; apt to complain.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Quer`i*mo"ni*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Quer`i*mo"ni*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Querimony</h1>
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<hw>Quer"i*mo*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>querimonia</ets>.]</ety> <def>A complaint or complaining.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<h1>Querist</h1>
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<hw>Que"rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Query</er>.]</ety> <def>One who inquires, or asks questions.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Querken</h1>
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<hw>Querk"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>kverk</ets> throat. <?/.]</ety> <def>To stifle or choke.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Querl</h1>
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<hw>Querl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>querlen</ets>, <ets>quirlen</ets>, to twirl, to turn round, fr. <ets>querl</ets>, <ets>querl</ets>, a twirling stick. Cf. <er>Twirl</er>.]</ety> <def>To twirl; to turn or wind round; to coil; <as>as, to <ex>querl</ex> a cord, thread, or rope</as>.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Querl</h1>
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<hw>Querl</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A coil; a twirl; <as>as, the <ex>qwerl</ex> of hair on the fore leg of a blooded horse</as>.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Quern</h1>
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<hw>Quern</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>cweorn</ets>, <ets>cwyrn</ets>; akin to D. <ets>kweern</ets>, OHG. <ets>quirn</ets>, Icel. <ets>kvern</ets>, Sw. <ets>qvarn</ets>, Dan. <ets>qu\'91rn</ets>, Goth. <ets>qairnus</ets> (in <ets>asiluqa\'a1rnus</ets>), Lith. <ets>q\'8drnos</ets>, and perh. E. <ets>corn</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mill for grinding grain, the upper stone of which was turned by hand; -- used before the invention of windmills and watermills.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>They made him at the <b>querne</b> grind.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Querpo</h1>
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<hw>Quer"po</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The inner or body garments taken together. See <er>Cuerpo</er>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Querquedule</h1>
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<hw>Quer"que*dule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>querquedula</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A teal.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The pintail duck.</def>

<h1>Querry</h1>
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<hw>Quer"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A groom; an equerry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Querulential</h1>
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<hw>Quer`u*len"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Querulous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Querulous</h1>
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<hw>Quer"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>querulus</ets> and <ets>querulosus</ets>, fr. <ets>queri</ets> to complain. Cf. <er>Cry</er>, <tt>v.<tt>, <er>Quarrel</er> a brawl, <er>Quarrelous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Given to quarreling; quarrelsome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>land.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Apt to find fault; habitually complaining; disposed to murmur; <as>as, a <ex>querulous</ex> man or people</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Enmity can hardly be more annoying that <b>querulous</b>, jealous, exacting fondness.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Expressing complaint; fretful; whining; <as>as, a <ex>querulous</ex> tone of voice</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Complaining; bewailing; lamenting; whining; mourning; murmuring; discontented; dissatisfied.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Quer"u*lous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Quer"u*lous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Query</h1>
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<hw>Que"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Queries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>quaere</ets>, imperative sing. of <ets>quaerere</ets>, <ets>quaesitum</ets> to seek or search for, to ask, inquire. Cf. <er>Acquire</er>, <er>Conquer</er>, <er>Exquisite</er>, <er>Quest</er>, <er>Require</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A question; an inquiry to be answered or solved.</def>

<blockquote>I shall conclude with proposing only some <b>queries</b>, in order to a . . . search to be made by others.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A question in the mind; a doubt; <as>as, I have a <ex>query</ex> about his sincerity</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An interrogation point [?] as the sign of a question or a doubt.</def>

<h1>Query</h1>
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<hw>Que"ry</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ask questions; to make inquiry.</def>

<blockquote>Each prompt to <b>query</b>, answer, and debate.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have a doubt; <as>as, I <ex>query</ex> if he is right</as>.</def>

<h1>Query</h1>
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<hw>Que"ry</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Queried</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Querying</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put questions about; to elicit by questioning; to inquire into; <as>as, to <ex>query</ex> the items or the amount; to <ex>query</ex> the motive or the fact.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To address questions to; to examine by questions.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To doubt of; to regard with incredulity.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To write " query" (qu., qy., or ?) against, as a doubtful spelling, or sense, in a proof. See <er>Qu\'91re</er>.</def>

<h1>Quesal</h1>
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<hw>Que*sal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The long-tailed, or resplendent, trogon (<spn>Pharomachus mocinno</spn>, formerly <spn>Trogon resplendens</spn>), native of Southern Mexico and Central America. Called also<altname>quetzal</altname>, and <altname>golden trogon</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The male is remarkable for the brilliant metallic green and gold colors of his plumage, and for his extremely long plumes, which often exceed three feet in length.</note><-- The feathers were valued as part of the dress of Inca kings -->

<hr>
<page="1177">
Page 1177<p>

<h1>Quest</h1>
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<hw>Quest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>queste</ets>, F. <ets>qu\'88te</ets>, fr. L. <ets>quaerere</ets>, <ets>quaesitum</ets>, to seek for, to ask. Cf. <er>Query</er>, <er>Question</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of seeking, or looking after anything; attempt to find or obtain; search; pursuit; <as>as, to rove in <ex>quest</ex> of game, of a lost child, of property, etc</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Upon an hard adventure yet in <b>quest</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cease your <b>quest</b> of love.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There ended was his <b>quest</b>, there ceased his care.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Request; desire; solicitation.</def>

<blockquote>Gad not abroad at every <b>quest</b> and call
Of an untrained hope or passion.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Those who make search or inquiry, taken collectively.</def>

<blockquote>The senate hath sent about three several <b>quests</b> to search you out.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Inquest; jury of inquest.</def>

<blockquote>What lawful <b>quest</b> have given their verdict ?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quest</h1>
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<hw>Quest</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>quester</ets>, F. <ets>qu\'88ter</ets>. See <er>Quest</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <def>To search for; to examine.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Herbert.  </i>

<h1>Quest</h1>
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<hw>Quest</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To go on a quest; to make a search; to go in pursuit; to beg.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>If his <b>questing</b> had been unsuccessful, he appeased the rage of hunger with some scraps of broken meat.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Questant</h1>
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<hw>Quest"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>questant</ets>, F. <ets>gu\'88tant</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>One who undertakes a quest; a seeker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Quester</h1>
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<hw>Quest"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who seeks; a seeker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Question</h1>
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<hw>Ques"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>quaestio</ets>, fr. <ets>quaerere</ets>, <ets>quaesitum</ets>, to seek for, ask, inquire. See <er>Quest</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of asking; interrogation; inquiry; <as>as, to examine by <ex>question</ex> and answer</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Discussion; debate; hence, objection; dispute; doubt; <as>as, the story is true beyond <ex>question</ex>; he obeyed without <ex>question</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>There arose a <b>question</b> between some of John's disciples and the Jews about purifying.
<i> John iii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is to be to <b>question</b>, whether it be lawful for Christian princes to make an invasive war simply for the propagation of the faith.
<i> Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Examination with reference to a decisive result; investigation; specifically, a judicial or official investigation; also, examination under torture.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<blockquote>He that was in <b>question</b> for the robbery. <b>Shak</b>.
The Scottish privy council had power to put state prisoners to the <b>question</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is asked; inquiry; interrogatory; query.</def>

<blockquote>But this <b>question</b> asked
Puts me in doubt. Lives there who loves his pain ?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Hence, a subject of investigation, examination, or debate; theme of inquiry; matter to be inquired into; <as>as, a delicate or doubtful <ex>question</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Talk; conversation; speech; speech.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>In question</col>, <cd>in debate; in the course of examination or discussion; as, the matter or point <i>in question<i>.</cd> -- <col>Leading question</col>. <cd>See under <er>Leading</er>.</cd> -- <col>Out of question</col>, <cd>unquestionably. "<i>Out of question<i>, 't is Maria's hand." <i>Shak.</i></cd> -- <col>Out of the question</col>. <cd>See under <er>Out</er>.</cd> -- <col>Past question</col>, <cd>beyond question; certainly; undoubtedly; unquestionably.</cd> -- <col>Previous question</col>, <cd>a question put to a parliamentary assembly upon the motion of a member, in order to ascertain whether it is the will of the body to vote at once, without further debate, on the subject under consideration.</cd> <note>The form of the question is: "Shall the main question be now put?" If the vote is in the affirmative, the matter before the body must be voted upon as it then stands, without further general debate or the submission of new amendments. In the House of Representatives of the United States, and generally in America, a negative decision operates to keep the business before the body as if the motion had not been made; but in the English Parliament, it operates to postpone consideration for the day, and until the subject may be again introduced. In American practice, the object of the motion is to hasten action, and it is made by a friend of the measure. In English practice, the object is to get rid of the subject for the time being, and the motion is made with a purpose of voting against it. <i>Cushing</i>.</note> -- <col>To beg the question</col>. <cd>See under <er>Beg</er>.</cd> -- <col>To the question</col>, <cd>to the point in dispute; to the real matter under debate.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Point; topic; subject.</syn>

<h1>Question</h1>
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<hw>Ques"tion</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Questioned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Questioning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>questionner</ets>. See <er>Question</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ask questions; to inquire.</def>

<blockquote>He that <b>questioneth</b> much shall lean much.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To argue; to converse; to dispute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I pray you, think you <b>question</b> with the Jew.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Question</h1>
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<hw>Ques"tion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To inquire of by asking questions; to examine by interrogatories; <as>as, to <ex>question</ex> a witness</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To doubt of; to be uncertain of; to query.</def>

<blockquote>And most we <b>question</b> what we most desire.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To raise a question about; to call in question; to make objection to.</def> "But have power and right to <i>question</i> thy bold entrance on this place."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To talk to; to converse with.</def>

<blockquote>With many holiday and lady terms he <b>questioned</b> me.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To ask; interrogate; catechise; doubt; controvert; dispute.</syn> <usage> -- Question, Inquire, Interrogate. To <i>inquire</i> is merely to ask for information, and implies no authority in the one who asks. To <i>interrogate</i> is to put repeated questions in a formal or systematic fashion to elicit some particular fact or facts. To <i>question</i> has a wider sense than to <i>interrogate</i>, and often implies an attitude of distrust or opposition on the part of the questioner.</usage>

<h1>Questionability</h1>
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<hw>Ques`tion*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of being questionable.</def>

<i>Stallo.</i>

<h1>Questionable</h1>
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<hw>Ques"tion*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Admitting of being questioned; inviting, or seeming to invite, inquiry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou com'st in such a <b>questionable</b> shape
That I will speak to thee.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Liable to question; subject to be doubted or called in question; problematical; doubtful; suspicious.</def>

<blockquote>It is <b>questionable</b> whether Galen ever saw the dissection of a human body.<b>T</b>.
<i> Baker.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Disputable; debatable; uncertain; doubtful; problematical; suspicious.</syn>

<h1>Questionableness</h1>
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<hw>Ques"tion*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being questionable, doubtful, or suspicious.</def>

<h1>Questionably</h1>
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<hw>Ques"tion*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a questionable manner.</def>

<h1>Questionary</h1>
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<hw>Ques"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inquiring; asking questions; testing.</def> "<i>Questionary</i> epistles."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Questionary</h1>
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<hw>Ques"tion*a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes it his business to seek after relics and carry them about for sale.</def>

<h1>Questioner</h1>
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<hw>Ques"tion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who asks questions; an inquirer.</def> "Little time for idle <i>questioners</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Questionist</h1>
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<hw>Ques"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A questioner; an inquirer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Univ.)</fld> <def>A candidate for honors or degrees who is near the time of his examination.</def>

<h1>Questionless</h1>
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<hw>Ques"tion*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unquestioning; incurious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Questionless</h1>
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<hw>Ques"tion*less</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Beyond a question or doubt; doubtless; certainly.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>What it was in the apostles' time, that, <b>questionless</b>, it must be still.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Questman</h1>
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<hw>Quest"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Questmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One legally empowered to make quest of certain matters, esp. of abuses of weights and measures.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A churchwarden's assistant; a sidesman.</def> <i>Blount</i>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A collector of parish rents.</def> <i>Blount</i>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Questmonger</h1>
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<hw>Quest"mon`ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who lays informations, and encourages petty lawsuits.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Questor</h1>
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<hw>Ques"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quaestor</ets>, contr. fr. <ets>quaesitor</ets>, fr. <ets>quaerere</ets>, <ets>quaesitum</ets>, to seek for, ask: cf. F. <ets>questeur</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An officer who had the management of the public treasure; a receiver of taxes, tribute, etc.; treasurer of state.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>qu\'91stor</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; At an early period there were also public accusers styled <i>questors</i>, but the office was soon abolished.</note>

<h1>Questorship</h1>
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<hw>Ques"tor*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office, or the term of office, of a questor.</def>

<h1>Questrist</h1>
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<hw>Quest"rist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Quest</er>.]</ety> <def>A seeker; a pursuer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Hot <i>questrists</i> after him."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Questuary</h1>
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<hw>Ques"tu*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quaestuarius</ets>, from <ets>quaestus</ets> gain, profit, <ets>quaerere</ets>, <ets>quaesitum</ets>, to seek for, earn.]</ety> <def>Studious of profit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Questuary</h1>
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<hw>Ques"tu*a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One employed to collect profits.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The pope's <i>questuaries</i>."

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Quet</h1>
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<hw>Quet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common guillemot.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Queue</h1>
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<hw>Queue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Cue</er>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tail-like appendage of hair; a pigtail.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A line of persons waiting anywhere.</def>

<h1>Queue</h1>
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<hw>Queue</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fasten, as hair, in a queue.</def>

<h1>Quey</h1>
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<hw>Quey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>qvie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A heifer.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Quib</h1>
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<hw>Quib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Quip</er>.]</ety> <def>A quip; a gibe.</def>

<h1>Quibble</h1>
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<hw>Quib"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Probably fr. <ets>quib</ets>, <ets>quip</ets>, but influenced by <ets>quillet</ets>, or <ets>quiddity</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A shift or turn from the point in question; a trifling or evasive distinction; an evasion; a cavil.</def>

<blockquote>Quibbles have no place in the search after truth.
<i> I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pun; a low conceit.</def>

<h1>Quibble</h1>
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<hw>Quib"ble</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quibbled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quibbling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To evade the point in question by artifice, play upon words, caviling, or by raising any insignificant or impertinent question or point; to trifle in argument or discourse; to equivocate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pun; to practice punning.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To cavil; shuffle; equivocate; trifle.</syn>

<h1>Quibbler</h1>
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<hw>Quib"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who quibbles; a caviler; also, a punster.</def>

<h1>Quibblingly</h1>
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<hw>Quib"bling*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Triflingly; evasively.</def>

<h1>Quica</h1>
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<hw>Qui"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native Brazilian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small South American opossum (<spn>Didelphys quica</spn>), native of Guiana and Brazil. It feeds upon insects, small birds, and fruit.</def>

<h1>Quice</h1>
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<hw>Quice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Queest</er>.</def>

<h1>Quich</h1>
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<hw>Quich</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Quinch</er>.]</ety> <def>To stir.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He could not move nor <b>quich</b> at all.
<i> Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quick</h1>
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<hw>Quick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Quicker</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Quickest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[As. <ets>cwic</ets>, <ets>cwicu</ets>, <ets>cwucu</ets>, <ets>cucu</ets>, living; akin to OS. <ets>quik</ets>, D. <ets>kwik</ets>, OHG. <ets>quec</ets>, <ets>chec</ets>, G. <ets>keck</ets> bold, lively, Icel. <ets>kvikr</ets> living, Goth. <ets>qius</ets>, Lith. <ets>q&ymac;vas</ets>, Russ. <ets>zhivoi</ets>, L. <ets>vivus</ets> living, <ets>vivere</ets> to live, Gr. <grk>bi`os</grk> life, Skr. <ets>j\'c6va</ets> living, <ets>j\'c6v</ets> to live. Cf. <er>Biography</er>, <er>Vivid</er>, <er>Quitch grass</er>, <er>Whitlow</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Alive; living; animate; -- opposed to <i>dead</i> or <i>inanimate</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Not fully <b>quyke</b>, ne fully dead they were.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Lord Jesus Christ, who shall judge the <b>quick</b> and the dead at his appearing and his kingdom.
<i>2 Tim. iv. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Man is no star, but a <b>quick</b> coal
Of mortal fire.
<i> Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In this sense the word is nearly obsolete, except in some compounds, or in particular phrases.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by life or liveliness; animated; sprightly; agile; brisk; ready.</def> " A <i>quick</i> wit."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Speedy; hasty; swift; not slow; as, be <i>quick</i></def>

<blockquote>Oft he her his charge of <b>quick</b> return
Repeated.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Impatient; passionate; hasty; eager; eager; sharp; unceremonious; <as>as, a <ex>quick</ex> temper</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The bishop was somewhat <b>quick</b> with them, and signified that he was much offended.
<i> Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Fresh; bracing; sharp; keen.</def>

<blockquote>The air is <b>quick</b> there,
And it pierces and sharpens the stomach.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Sensitive; perceptive in a high degree; ready; <as>as, a <ex>quick</ex> ear</as>.</def> "To have an open ear, a <i>quick</i> eye."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>They say that women are so <b>quick</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Pregnant; with child.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Quick grass</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Quitch grass</er>.</cd> -- <col>Quick match</col>. <cd>See under <er>Match</er>.</cd> -- <col>Quick vein</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a vein of ore which is productive, not barren.</cd> -- <col>Quick vinegar</col>, <cd>vinegar made by allowing a weak solution of alcohol to trickle slowly over shavings or other porous material.</cd> -- <col>Quick water</col>, <cd>quicksilver water.</cd> -- <col>Quick with child</col>, <cd>pregnant with a living child.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Speedy; expeditious; swift; rapid; hasty; prompt; ready; active; brisk; nimble; fleet; alert; agile; lively; sprightly.</syn>

<h1>Quick</h1>
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<hw>Quick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a quick manner; quickly; promptly; rapidly; with haste; speedily; without delay; <as>as, run <ex>quick</ex>; get back <ex>quick</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>If we consider how very <b>quick</b> the actions of the mind are performed.
<i> Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quick</h1>
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<hw>Quick</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is quick, or alive; a living animal or plant; especially, the hawthorn, or other plants used in making a living hedge.</def>

<blockquote>The works . . . are curiously hedged with <b>quick</b>.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The life; the mortal point; a vital part; a part susceptible of serious injury or keen feeling; the sensitive living flesh; the part of a finger or toe to which the nail is attached; the tender emotions; <as>as, to cut a finger nail to the <ex>quick</ex>; to thrust a sword to the <ex>quick</ex>, to taunt one to the <ex>quick</ex>; -- used figuratively.</as></def>

<blockquote>This test nippeth, . . . this toucheth the <b>quick</b>.
<i>Latimer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>How feebly and unlike themselves they reason when they come to the <b>quick</b> of the difference !
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Quitch grass.</def>

<i>Tennyson</i>.

<h1>Quick</h1>
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<hw>Quick</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Quicken</er>.]</ety> <def>To revive; to quicken; to be or become alive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Quickbeam</h1>
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<hw>Quick"beam`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A. S. <ets>cwicbe\'a0m</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Quicken tree</er>.</def>

<h1>Quicken</h1>
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<hw>Quick"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>quickened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quickening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>cwician</ets>. See <er>Quick</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make alive; to vivify; to revive or resuscitate, as from death or an inanimate state; hence, to excite; to, stimulate; to incite.</def>

<blockquote>The mistress which I serve <b>quickens</b> what's dead.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Like a fruitful garden without an hedge, that <b>quickens</b> the appetite to enjoy so tempting a prize.
<i> South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make lively, active, or sprightly; to impart additional energy to; to stimulate; to make quick or rapid; to hasten; to accelerate; <as>as, to <ex>quicken</ex> one's steps or thoughts; to <ex>quicken</ex> one's departure or speed.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>To shorten the radius of (a curve); to make (a curve) sharper; <as>as, to <ex>quicken</ex> the sheer, that is, to make its curve more pronounced</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To revive; resuscitate; animate; reinvigorate; vivify; refresh; stimulate; sharpen; incite; hasten; accelerate; expedite; dispatch; speed.</syn>

<h1>Quicken</h1>
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<hw>Quick"en</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come to life; to become alive; to become vivified or enlivened; hence, to exhibit signs of life; to move, as the fetus in the womb.</def>

<blockquote>The heart is the first part that <b>quickens</b>, and the last that dies.
<i> Ray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And keener lightnings <b>quicken</b> in her eye.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When the pale and bloodless east began
To <b>quicken</b> to the sun.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move with rapidity or activity; to become accelerated; <as>as, his pulse <ex>quickened</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Quickener</h1>
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<hw>Quick"en*er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, quickens.</def>

<h1>Quickening</h1>
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<hw>Quick"en*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of making or of becoming quick.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The first motion of the fetus in the womb felt by the mother, occurring usually about the middle of the term of pregnancy. It has been popularly supposed to be due to the fetus becoming possessed of independent life.</def>

<h1>Quickens</h1>
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<hw>Quick"ens</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Quitch grass.</def>

<h1>Quicken tree</h1>
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<hw>Quick"en tree`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Probably from <ets>quick</ets>, and first applied to the aspen or some tree with quivering leaves; cf. G. <ets>quickenbaum</ets>, <ets>quizenbaum</ets>, <ets>quitschenbaum</ets>. Cf. <er>Quitch grass</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The European rowan tree; -- called also <altname>quickbeam</altname>, and <altname>quickenbeam</altname>. See <er>Rowan tree</er>.</def>

<h1>Quickhatch</h1>
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<hw>Quick"hatch`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the American Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wolverine.</def>

<h1>Quicklime</h1>
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<hw>Quick"lime</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Quick</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Calcium oxide; unslacked lime; -- so called because when wet it develops great heat. See 4th <er>Lime</er>, <er>2</er>.</def>

<h1>Quickly</h1>
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<hw>Quick"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Speedily; with haste or celerity; soon; without delay; quick.</def>

<h1>Quickness</h1>
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<hw>Quick"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The condition or quality of being quick or living; life.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Touch it with thy celestial <b>quickness</b>.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Activity; briskness; especially, rapidity of motion; speed; celerity; <as>as, <ex>quickness</ex> of wit</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This deed . . . must send thee hence
With fiery <b>quickness</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His mind had, indeed, great <b>quickness</b> and vigor.
<i> Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Acuteness of perception; keen sensibility.</def>

<blockquote>Would not <b>quickness</b> of sensation be an inconvenience to an animal that must lie still ?
<i>Locke</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Sharpness; pungency of taste.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Velocity; celerity; rapidity; speed; haste; expedition; promptness; dispatch; swiftness; nimbleness; fleetness; agility; briskness; liveliness; readiness; sagacity; shrewdness; shrewdness; sharpness; keenness.</syn>

<h1>Quicksand</h1>
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<hw>Quick"sand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sand easily moved or readily yielding to pressure; especially, a deep mass of loose or moving sand mixed with water, sometimes found at the mouth of a river or along some coasts, and very dangerous, from the difficulty of extricating a person who begins sinking into it.</def>

<blockquote>Life hath <b>quicksands</b>, -- Life hath snares!
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1178">
Page 1178<p>

<h1>Quick-scented</h1>
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<hw>Quick"-scent`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Acute of smell.</def>

<h1>Quickset</h1>
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<hw>Quick"set`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A living plant set to grow, esp. when set for a hedge; specifically, the hawthorn.</def>

<h1>Quickset</h1>
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<hw>Quick"set`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of quickset.</def>

<blockquote>Dates and pomegranates on the <b>quickset</b> hedges.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quickset</h1>
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<hw>Quick"set`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To plant with living shrubs or trees for a hedge; <as>as, to <ex>quickset</ex> a ditch</as>.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Quick-sighted</h1>
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<hw>Quick"-sight`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having quick sight or acute discernment; quick to see or to discern.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

--<wordforms><wf>Quick"-sight`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Quicksilver</h1>
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<hw>Quick"sil`ver</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quick</ets> living + <ets>silver</ets>; -- so called from its fluidity; cf. G. <ets>quecksilber</ets>, L. <ets>argentum vivum</ets>. See <er>Quick</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The metal mercury; -- so called from its resemblance to liquid silver.</def>

<cs><col>Quicksilver horizon</col>, <cd>a mercurial artificial horizon. See under <er>Horizon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Quicksilver water</col>, <cd>a solution of mercury nitrate used in artificial silvering; quick water.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quicksilvered</h1>
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<hw>Quick"sil`vered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Overlaid with quicksilver, or with an amalgam of quicksilver and tinfoil.</def>

<h1>Quicksilvering</h1>
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<hw>Quick"sil`ver*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The mercury and foil on the back of a looking-glass.</def>

<h1>Quickstep</h1>
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<hw>Quick"step`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A lively, spirited march; also, a lively style of dancing.</def>

<h1>Quick-witted</h1>
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<hw>Quick"-wit`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having ready wit</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Quick-wittedness</h1>
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<hw>Quick"-wit`ted*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Readiness of wit.</def> "Celtic <i>quick-wittedness</i>."

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Quickwork</h1>
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<hw>Quick"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> A term somewhat loosely used to denote: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>All the submerged section of a vessel's planking.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The planking between the spirketing and the clamps</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The short planks between the portholes.</def>

<h1>Quid</h1>
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<hw>Quid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Cud</er>.]</ety> <def>A portion suitable to be chewed; a cud; <as>as, a <ex>quid</ex> of tobacco</as>.</def>

<h1>Quid</h1>
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<hw>Quid</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>To drop from the mouth, as food when partially chewed; -- said of horses.</def>

<i>Youatt.</i>

<h1>Quidam</h1>
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<hw>Qui"dam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Somebody; one unknown.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Quiddany</h1>
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<hw>Quid"da*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>cydoneum</ets> quince juice, quince wine. See <er>Quince</er>.]</ety> <def>A confection of quinces, in consistency between a sirup and marmalade.</def>

<h1>Quiddative</h1>
<Xpage=1178>

<hw>Quid"da*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Quiddity</er>.]</ety> <def>Constituting, or containing, the essence of a thing; quidditative.</def>

<h1>Quiddit</h1>
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<hw>Quid"dit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Quiddity</er>, <er>Quillet</er>, and <er>Quibble</er>.]</ety> <def>A subtilty; an equivocation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>By some strange <b>quiddit</b> or some wrested clause.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quidditative</h1>
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<hw>Quid"di*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Quiddative.</def>

<h1>Quiddity</h1>
<Xpage=1178>

<hw>Quid"di*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Quiddities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>quidditas</ets>, fr. L. <ets>quid</ets> what, neut. of <ets>quis</ets> who, akin to E. <ets>who</ets>: cf. F. <ets>quiddit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The essence, nature, or distinctive peculiarity, of a thing; that which answers the question, <i>Quid est</i>? or, What is it?</def> " The degree of nullity and <i>quiddity</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>quiddity</b> or characteristic difference of poetry as distinguished from prose.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A trifling nicety; a cavil; a quibble.</def>

<blockquote>We laugh at the <b>quiddities</b> of those writers now.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quiddle</h1>
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<hw>Quid"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quiddled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quiddling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>quid</ets> what.]</ety> <def>To spend time in trifling employments, or to attend to useful subjects in an indifferent or superficial manner; to dawdle.</def>

<h1>Quiddle, Quiddler</h1>
<Xpage=1178>

<hw><hw>Quid"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Quid"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who wastes his energy about trifles.</def>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Quidnunc</h1>
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<hw>Quid"nunc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., what now?]</ety> <def>One who is curious to know everything that passes; one who knows, or pretends to know, all that is going on.</def> "The idle stories of <i>quidnuncs</i>."

<i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Quiesce</h1>
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<hw>Qui*esce"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quiesced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quiescing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>quiescere</ets>, akin to <ets>quies</ets> rest, quiet. See <er>Quiet</er>, <tt>a. & n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To be silent, as a letter; to have no sound.</def>

<i>M. Stuart.</i>

<h1>Quiescence, Quiescency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Qui*es"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Qui*es"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quiescentia</ets>, fr. <ets>quiescens</ets>, p. pr.; cf. F. <ets>quiestence</ets>. See <er>Quiesce</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being quiescent.</def> "<i>Quiescence</i>, bodily and mental."

<i>H. Spencer.</i>

<blockquote>Deeds will be done; -- while be boasts his <b>quiescence</b>.
<i>R. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quiescent</h1>
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<hw>Qui*es"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quiescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>quiescere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>quiescent</ets>. See <er>Quiesce</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being in a state of repose; at rest; still; not moving; <as>as, a <ex>quiescent</ex> body or fluid</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not ruffed with passion; unagitated; not in action; not excited; quiet; dormant; resting.</def>

<blockquote>In times of national security, the feeling of patriotism . . . is so <b>quiescent</b> that it seems hardly to exist.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Not sounded; silent; <as>as, y is <ex>quiescent</ex> in "<ex>day</ex>" and "<ex>say</ex></as>."</def>

<h1>Quiescent</h1>
<Xpage=1178>

<hw>Qui*es"cent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A silent letter.</def>

<i>M. Stuart.</i>

<h1>Quiescently</h1>
<Xpage=1178>

<hw>Qui*es"cent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a quiescent manner.</def>

<h1>Quiet</h1>
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<hw>Qui"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Quieter</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Quietest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>quietus</ets>, p. p. pf <ets>quiescere</ets> to rest, keep quiet; akin to <ets>quies</ets> rest, and prob. to E. <ets>while</ets>, n. See <er>While</er>, and cf. <er>Coy</er>, <tt>a.<tt>, <er>Quiesce</er>, <er>Quietus</er>, <er>Quit</er>, <tt>a.<tt>, <er>Quite</er>, <er>Requiem</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a state of rest or calm; without stir, motion, or agitation; still; <as>as, a <ex>quiet</ex> sea; <ex>quiet</ex> air.</as></def>

<blockquote>They . . . were <b>quiet</b> all the night, saying, In the morning, when it is day, we shall kill him.
<i>Judg. xvi. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Free from noise or disturbance; hushed; still.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not excited or anxious; calm; peaceful; placid; settled; <as>as, a <ex>quiet</ex> life; a <ex>quiet</ex> conscience.</as></def> " So <i>quiet</i> and so sweet a style."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>That son, who on the <b>quiet</b> state of man
Such trouble brought.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not giving offense; not exciting disorder or trouble; not turbulent; gentle; mild; meek; contented.</def>

<blockquote>The ornament of a meek and <b>quiet</b> spirit.
<i>1 Pet. iii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will sit as <b>quiet</b> as a lamb.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Not showy; not such as to attract attention; undemonstrative; <as>as, a <ex>quiet</ex> dress; <ex>quiet</ex> colors; a <ex>quiet</ex> movement.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Still; tranquil; calm; unruffled; smooth; unmolested; undisturbed; placid; peaceful; mild; peaceable; meek; contented.</syn>

<h1>Quiet</h1>
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<hw>Qui"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quies</ets>, <ets>-etis</ets>. See <er>Quiet</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being quiet, or in repose; as an hour or a time of <i>quiet</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Freedom from disturbance, noise, or alarm; stillness; tranquillity; peace; security.</def>

<blockquote>And join with thee, calm Peace and <b>Quiet</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>At quiet</col>, <cd>still; peaceful.</cd> -- <col>In quiet</col>, <cd>quietly. " I will depart <i>in quiet<i>." <i>Shak.</i></cd> -- <col>Out of quiet</col>, <cd>disturbed; restless. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "She is much <i>out of quiet<i>."</cd></cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Quiet</h1>
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<hw>Qui"et</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quieted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quieting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stop motion in; to still; to reduce to a state of rest, or of silence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To calm; to appease; to pacify; to lull; to allay; to tranquillize; <as>as, to <ex>quiet</ex> the passions; to <ex>quiet</ex> clamors or disorders; to <ex>quiet</ex> pain or grief.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Quiet</b> yourselves, I pray, and be at peace.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quiet</h1>
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<hw>Qui"et</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become still, silent, or calm; -- often with <i>down</i>; <as>as, be soon <ex>quieted</ex> down</as>.</def>

<h1>Quietage</h1>
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<hw>Qui"et*age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quietness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Quieter</h1>
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<hw>Qui"et*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, quiets.</def>

<h1>Quietism</h1>
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<hw>Qui"et*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>qui\'82tisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Peace or tranquillity of mind; calmness; indifference; apathy; dispassion; indisturbance; inaction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>The system of the Quietists, who maintained that religion consists in the withdrawal of the mind from worldly interests and anxieties and its constant employment in the passive contemplation of God and his attributes.</def>

<h1>Quietist</h1>
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<hw>Qui"et*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>qui\'82tiste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of mystics originated in the seventeenth century by Molinos, a Spanish priest living in Rome. See <er>Quietism</er>.</def>

<h1>Quietistic</h1>
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<hw>Qui`et*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Quietists, or to Quietism.</def>

<h1>Quietly</h1>
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<hw>Qui"et*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a quiet state or manner; without motion; in a state of rest; <as>as, to lie or sit <ex>quietly</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without tumult, alarm, dispute, or disturbance; peaceably; <as>as, to live <ex>quietly</ex>; to sleep <ex>quietly</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Calmly, without agitation or violent emotion; patiently; <as>as, to submit <ex>quietly</ex> to unavoidable evils</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Noiselessly; silently; without remark or violent movement; in a manner to attract little or no observation; <as>as, he <ex>quietly</ex> left the room</as>.</def>

<h1>Quietness</h1>
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<hw>Qui"et*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being quiet; freedom from noise, agitation, disturbance, or excitement; stillness; tranquillity; calmness.</def>

<blockquote>I would have peace and <b>quietness</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quietsome</h1>
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<hw>Qui"et*some</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Calm; still.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Quietude</h1>
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<hw>Qui"e*tude</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quietudo</ets>: cf. F. <ets>qui\'82tude</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rest; repose; quiet; tranquillity.</def>

<i>Shelley.</i>

<h1>Quietus</h1>
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<hw>Qui*e"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>quietus</ets> quit, discharged, L., at rest, quiet, dead. See <er>Quiet</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Quit</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>Final discharge or acquittance, as from debt or obligation; that which silences claims; (<mark>Fig.</mark>) rest; death.</def>

<blockquote>When he himself might his <b>quietus</b> make
With a bare bodkin.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quill</h1>
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<hw>Quill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perhaps fr. F. <ets>quille</ets> ninepin (see <er>Kayless</er>); but cf. also G. <ets>kiel</ets> a quill. MHG. <ets>kil</ets>, and Ir. <ets>cuille</ets> a quill.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the large feathers of a bird's wing, or one of the rectrices of the tail; also, the stock of such a feather.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A pen for writing made by sharpening and splitting the point or nib of the stock of a feather; <as>as, history is the proper subject of his <ex>quill</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A spine of the hedgehog or porcupine.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The pen of a squid. See <er>Pen</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The plectrum with which musicians strike the strings of certain instruments.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The tube of a musical instrument.</def>

<blockquote>He touched the tender stops of various <b>quills</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Something having the form of a quill</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fold or plain of a ruff</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A spindle, or spool, as of reed or wood, upon which the thread for the woof is wound in a shuttle</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A hollow spindle.</def>

<cs><col>Quill bit</col>, <cd>a bit for boring resembling the half of a reed split lengthways and having its end sharpened like a gouge.</cd> -- <col>Quill driver</col>, <cd>one who works with a pen; a writer; a clerk.</cd> <mark>[Jocose]</mark> -- <col>Quill nib</col>, <cd>a small quill pen made to be used with a holder.</cd></cs>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Quill</h1>
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<hw>Quill</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quilled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quilling</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To plaint in small cylindrical ridges, called quillings; <as>as, to <ex>quill</ex> a ruffle</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His cravat seemed <b>quilled</b> into a ruff.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wind on a quill, as thread or yarn.</def>

<i>Judd.</i>

<h1>Quillaia bark</h1>
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<hw>Quil*la"ia bark`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The bark of a rosaceous tree (<spn>Quillaja Saponaria</spn>), native of Chili. The bark is finely laminated, and very heavy with alkaline substances, and is used commonly by the Chilians instead of soap. Also called <altname>soap bark</altname>.</def>

<h1>Quillback</h1>
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<hw>Quill"back`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American fresh-water fish (<spn>Ictiobus, &or; Carpiodes, cyprinus</spn>); -- called also <altname>carp sucker</altname>, <altname>sailfish</altname>, <altname>spearfish</altname>, and <altname>skimback</altname>.</def>

<h1>Quilled</h1>
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<hw>Quilled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnished with quills; also, shaped like quills.</def> "A sharp-<i>quilled</i> porcupine."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Quilled suture</col> <fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of stitch in which the threads after being passed deeply through the edges of a wound are secured about two quills or bodies of similar shape, in order to produce a suitable degree of pressure.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quillet</h1>
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<hw>Quil"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quidlibet</ets> what you please. Cf. <er>Quiddit</er>, and <er>Quibble</er>.]</ety> <def>Subtilty; nicety; quibble.</def> "Nice, sharp <i>quillets</i> of the law."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Quilling</h1>
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<hw>Quill"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A band of linen, muslin, or the like, fluted, folded, or plaited so as somewhat to resemble a row of quills.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the rounded plaits or flutings of such a band.</def>

<h1>Quillwort</h1>
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<hw>Quill"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant or species of the genus <spn>Isoetes</spn>, cryptogamous plants with a cluster of elongated four-tubed rushlike leaves, rising from a corm, and containing spores in their enlarged and excavated bases. There are about seventeen American species, usually growing in the mud under still, shallow water. So called from the shape of the shape of the leaves.</def>

<h1>Quilt</h1>
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<hw>Quilt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>quilte</ets>, OF. <ets>cuilte</ets>, L. <ets>culcita <?/</ets> bed, cushion, mattress. Cf. 2d <er>Counterpoint</er>, <er>Cushion</er>.]</ety> <def>Anything that is quilted; esp., a quilted bed cover, or a skirt worn by women; any cover or garment made by putting wool, cotton, etc., between two cloths and stitching them together; also, any outer bed cover.</def>

<blockquote>The beds were covered with magnificent <b>quilts</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quilt</h1>
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<hw>Quilt</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quilted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quilting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stitch or sew together at frequent intervals, in order to confine in place the several layers of cloth and wadding of which a garment, comforter, etc., may be made; <as>as, to <ex>quilt</ex> a coat</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wad, as a garment, with warm soft material.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To stitch or sew in lines or patterns.</def>

<h1>Quilter</h1>
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<hw>Quilt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, quilts.</def>

<h1>Quilting</h1>
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<hw>Quilt"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of stitching or running in patterns, as in making a quilt.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A quilting bee. See <er>Bee</er>, <er>2</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The material used for making quilts.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A coating of strands of rope for a water vessel.</def>

<h1>Quin</h1>
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<hw>Quin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European scallop (<spn>Pecten opercularis</spn>), used as food.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Quinaldine</h1>
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<hw>Quin*al"dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quin</ets>oline + <ets>alde</ets>hyde + anil<ets>ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless liquid of a slightly pungent odor, <chform>C9H6N.CH3</chform>, first obtained as a condensation product of aldehyde and aniline, and regarded as a derivative of quinoline; -- called also <altname>methyl quinoline</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chinaldine</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quinary</h1>
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<hw>Qui"na*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quinarius</ets>, from <ets>quini</ets> five each, akin to <ets>quinque</ets> five: cf. F.<ets>quinaire</ets>. See <er>Five</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of five; arranged by fives.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<cs><col>Quinary system</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fanciful classification based on the hypothesis that each group contains five types.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quiname</h1>
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<hw>Qui"name</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quini</ets> five each.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing in sets of five; -- said especially of leaves composed of five leaflets set at the end of a common petiole.</def>

<h1>Quinate</h1>
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<hw>Qui"nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of quinic acid.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kinate</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quinazol</h1>
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<hw>Quin"a*zol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quin</ets>oline + <ets>az</ets>ote.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A complex nitrogenous base related to cinnoline.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chinazol</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quince</h1>
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<hw>Quince</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. a pl. from OE. <ets>quyne</ets>, <ets>coin</ets>, OF. <ets>coin</ets>, <ets>cooin</ets>, F. <ets>coing</ets>, from L. <ets>Cydonius</ets> a quince tree, as adj., Cydonian, Gr. <?/ Cydonian, <?/ <?/ a quince, fr. <?/ Cydonia, a city in Crete, <?/ the Cydonians. Cf. <er>Quiddany</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fruit of a shrub (<spn>Cydonia vulgaris</spn>) belonging to the same tribe as the apple. It somewhat resembles an apple, but differs in having many seeds in each carpel. It has hard flesh of high flavor, but very acid, and is largely used for marmalade, jelly, and preserves.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>a quince tree or shrub.</def>

<cs><col>Japan quince</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an Eastern Asiatic shrub (<spn>Cydonia</spn>, formerly <spn>Pyrus, Japonica</spn>) and its very fragrant but inedible fruit. The shrub has very showy flowers, usually red, but sometimes pink or white, and is much grown for ornament.</cd> -- <col>Quince curculio</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small gray and yellow curculio (<spn>Conotrachelus crat\'91gi</spn>) whose larva lives in quinces.</cd> -- <col>Quince tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the small tree (<spn>Cydonia vulgaris</spn>) which produces the quince.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quincewort</h1>
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<hw>Quince"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The squinancy.  Called also <altname>quinsywort</altname>.</def>

<h1>Quinch</h1>
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<hw>Quinch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OD. <ets>quincken</ets> to quiver, shake, Fries. <ets>quink</ets> hovering. Cf. <er>Quich</er>.]</ety> <def>To stir; to wince.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Quincuncial</h1>
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<hw>Quin*cun"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[L. <ets>quincuncialis</ets>, from <ets>quincunx</ets>. See <er>Quincunx</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the form of a quincunx.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the leaves of a pentamerous calyx or corolla so imbricated that two are exterior, two are interior, and the other has one edge exterior and one interior; <as>as, <ex>quincuncial</ex> \'91stivation</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Quincuncial phyllotaxy</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an arrangement of five leaves in a spiral, each leaf two fifths of a circle from the next.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quincuncially</h1>
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<hw>Quin*cun"cial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner or order of a quincunx.</def>

<h1>Quincunx</h1>
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<hw>Quin"cunx</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>quingue</ets> five + <ets>uncia</ets> an ounce. The quincunx was marked by five small spots or balls. See <er>Five</er>, and <er>Ounce</er> the weight.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An arrangement of things by fives in a square or a rectangle, one being placed at each corner and one in the middle; especially, such an arrangement of trees repeated indefinitely, so as to form a regular group with rows running in various directions.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The position of planets when distant from each other five signs, or 150&deg;.</def>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A quincuncial arrangement, as of the parts of a flower in \'91stivation. See <er>Quincuncial</er>, <er>2</er>.</def>

<h1>Quindecagon</h1>
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<hw>Quin*dec"a*gon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quindec</ets>im fifteen + Gr. <?/ angle.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A plane figure with fifteen angles, and consequently fifteen sides.</def>

<h1>Quindecemvir</h1>
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<hw>Quin`de*cem"vir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Quindecemvirs</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Quindecemviri</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., from <ets>quindecim</ets> fifteen + <ets>vir</ets> a man.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>One of a sacerdotal college of fifteen men whose chief duty was to take care of the Sibylline books.</def>

<h1>Quindecemvirate</h1>
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<hw>Quin`de*cem"vi*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quindecimviratus</ets>.]</ety> <def>The body or office of the quindecemviri.</def>

<h1>Quindecone</h1>
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<hw>Quin*dec"one</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quindecim</ets> fifteen.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An unsaturated hydrocarbon, <chform>C15H26</chform>, of the valylene series, produced artificially as an oily liquid.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>quindekone</asp>.]</altsp><-- now quindecene??-->

<hr>
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Page 1179<p>

<h1>Quindecylic</h1>
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<hw>Quin`de*cyl"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quindecim</ets> fifteen + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the fatty acid series, containing fifteen atoms of carbon; called also <altname>pentadecylic</altname> acid.</def>

<h1>Quindem</h1>
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<hw>Quin"dem</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fifteenth part.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Quindism</h1>
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<hw>Quin"dism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fifteenth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Prynne.</i>

<h1>Quinhydrone</h1>
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<hw>Quin*hy"drone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quin</ets>one + <ets>hydro</ets>quinone.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A green crystalline substance formed by the union of quinone with hydroquinone, or as an intermediate product in the oxidation of hydroquinone or the reduction of quinone.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chinhydrone</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quinia</h1>
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<hw>Quin"i*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Quinine.</def>

<h1>Quinible</h1>
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<hw>Quin"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quini</ets> five each.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An interval of a fifth; also, a part sung with such intervals.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "He sang . . . a loud <i>quynyble</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Quinic</h1>
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<hw>Quin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Quinine</er>, and cf. <er>Kinic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or connected with, quinine and related compounds; specifically, designating a nonnitrogenous acid obtained from cinchona bark, coffee, beans, etc., as a white crystalline substance.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chinic</asp>, <asp>kinic</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quinicine</h1>
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<hw>Quin"i*cine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An uncrystallizable alkaloid obtained by the action of heat from quinine, with which it is isomeric.</def>

<h1>Quinidine</h1>
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<hw>Quin"i*dine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid isomeric with, and resembling, quinine, found in certain species of cinchona, from which it is extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance; conchinine. It is used somewhat as a febrifuge.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chinidine</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quinine</h1>
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<hw>Qui"nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. (cf. Sp. <ets>quinina</ets>), fr. Sp. <ets>quina</ets>, or <ets>quinaquina</ets>, Peruvian bark, fr. Peruv. <ets>kina</ets>, <ets>quina</ets>, bark. Cf. <er>Kinic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid extracted from the bark of several species of cinchona (esp. <spn>Cinchona Calisaya</spn>) as a bitter white crystalline substance, <chform>C20H24N2O2</chform>. Hence, by extension <fld>(Med.)</fld>, any of the salts of this alkaloid, as the acetate, chloride, sulphate, etc., employed as a febrifuge or antiperiodic. Called also <altname>quinia</altname>, <altname>quinina</altname>, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chinine</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quininic</h1>
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<hw>Qui*nin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous acid obtained as a yellow crystalline substance by the oxidation of quinine.</def>

<h1>Quininism, Quinism</h1>
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<hw><hw>Qui"nin*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Qui"nism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cinchonism</er>.</def>

<h1>Quinizarin</h1>
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<hw>Qui*niz"a*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[Hydro<ets>quin</ets>one + <ets>alizarin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellow crystalline substance produced artificially. It is isomeric with alizarin.</def>

<h1>Quinizine</h1>
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<hw>Quin"i*zine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quin</ets>oline + hydra<ets>zine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>any one of a series of nitrogenous bases, certain of which are used as antipyretics.</def>

<h1>Quinnat</h1>
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<hw>Quin"nat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The California salmon (<spn>Oncorhynchus choicha</spn>); -- called also <altname>chouicha</altname>, <altname>king salmon</altname>, <altname>chinnook salmon</altname>, and <altname>Sacramento salmon</altname>. It is of great commercial importance.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>quinnet</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quinoa</h1>
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<hw>Qui*no"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The seeds of a kind of goosewort (<spn>Chenopodium Quinoa</spn>), used in Chili and Peru for making porridge or cakes; also, food thus made.</def>

<h1>Quinogen</h1>
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<hw>Quin"o*gen</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quin</ets>ine + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hypothetical radical of quinine and related alkaloids.</def>

<h1>Quinoidine</h1>
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<hw>Qui*noid"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quin</ets>ine + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med. (Chem.)</fld> <def>A brownish resinous substance obtained as a by-product in the treatment of cinchona bark. It consists of a mixture of several alkaloids.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chinoidine</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quinoline</h1>
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<hw>Quin"o*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quin</ets>ine + L. <ets>ol</ets>eum oil + <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous base, <chform>C9H7N</chform> obtained as a pungent colorless liquid by the distillation of alkaloids, bones, coal tar, etc. It the nucleus of many organic bodies, especially of certain alkaloids and related substances; hence, by extension, any one of the series of alkaloidal bases of which quinoline proper is the type.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chinoline</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quinologist</h1>
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<hw>Qui*nol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is versed in quinology.</def>

<h1>Quinology</h1>
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<hw>Qui*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quin</ets>ine + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the cultivation of the cinchona, and of its use in medicine.</def>

<h1>Quinone</h1>
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<hw>Qui"none</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quin</ets>ine + ket<ets>one</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline substance, <chform>C6H4O2</chform> (called also <altname>benzoketone</altname>), first obtained by the oxidation of quinic acid and regarded as a double ketone; also, by extension, any one of the series of which quinone proper is the type</def>. <altsp>[Written also <asp>chinone</asp>, <asp>kinone</asp>.]</altsp>
<-- and benzoquinone. -->

<h1>Quinovic</h1>
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<hw>Qui*no"vic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a crystalline acid obtained from some varieties of cinchona bark.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chinovic</asp>, and <asp>kinovic</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quinovin</h1>
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<hw>Qui*no"vin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>quina nova</ets> the tree <ets>Cosmibuena magnifolia</ets>, whose bark yields quinovin.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An amorphous bitter glucoside derived from cinchona and other barks. Called also <altname>quinova bitter</altname>, and <altname>quinova</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chinovin</asp>, and <asp>kinovin</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quinoxaline</h1>
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<hw>Quin*ox"a*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quin</ets>oline + gly<ets>oxal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of a series of complex nitrogenous bases obtained by the union of certain aniline derivatives with glyoxal or with certain ketones.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>chinoxaline</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quinoxyl</h1>
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<hw>Quin*ox"yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quin</ets>one + <ets>oxy</ets>gen + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The hypothetical radical of certain quinone derivatives related to rhodizonic acid.</def>

<h1>Quinoyl</h1>
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<hw>Qui"noyl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quin</ets>one + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A radical of which quinone is the hydride, analogous to phenyl.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>kinoyl</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quinquagesima</h1>
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<hw>Quin`qua*ges"i*ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>quinquagesimus</ets> the fiftieth, akin to <ets>quinquaginta</ets> fifty, <ets>quinque</ets> five. See <er>Five</er>.]</ety> <def>Fiftieth.</def>

<cs><col>Quinquagesima Sunday</col>, <cd>the Sunday which is the fiftieth day before Easter, both days being included in the reckoning; -- called also <altname>Shrove Sunday</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quinquangular</h1>
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<hw>Quin*quan"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quinquanqulus</ets>; <ets>quinque</ets> five + <ets>angulus</ets> ad angle: cf. F. <ets>quinquangulaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having five angles or corners.</def>

<h1>Quinquarticular</h1>
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<hw>Quin`quar*tic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quin</ets>que- + <ets>article</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Relating to the five articles or points; <as>as, the <ex>quinquarticular</ex> controversy between Arminians and Calvinists</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Sanderson.</i>

<h1>Quinque-</h1>
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<hw>Quin"que-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>quinque</ets> five. See <er>Five</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form meaning <i>five</i>, <i>five times</i>, <i>fivefold</i>; <as>as, <ex>quinque</ex>fid, five-cleft; <ex>quinque</ex>dentate, five-toothed.</as></def>

<h1>Quinqueangled</h1>
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<hw>Quin"que*an`gled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quinque-</ets> + <ets>angle</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having five angles; quinquangular.</def>

<h1>Quinquedentate, Quinquedentated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Quin`que*den"tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Quin`que*den"ta*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quinque-</ets> + <ets>dentate</ets>, <ets>-tated</ets>: cf. F. <ets>quinqu\'82dent\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Five-toothed; <as>as, a <ex>quinquedentate</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Quinquefarious</h1>
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<hw>Quin`que*fa"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>quinque</ets> five: cf. F. <ets>quinqu\'82fari\'82</ets>. Cf. <er>Bifarious</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Arranged in five vertical rows; pentastichous.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Quinquefid</h1>
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<hw>Quin"que*fid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quique-</ets> + the root of L. <ets>findere</ets> to cleave: cf. F. <ets>quinqu\'82fide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Sharply cut about halfway to the middle or base into five segments; <as>as, a <ex>quinquefid</ex> leaf or corolla</as>.</def>

<h1>Quinquefoliate, Quinquefoliated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Quin`que*fo"li*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Quin`que*fo"li*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quinque-</ets> + <ets>foliate</ets>, <ets>-ated</ets>: cf. F. <ets>quinqu\'82foli\'82</ets>, L. <ets>quinquefolius</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having five leaves or leaflets.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Quinque foliolate</h1>
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<hw>Quin`que fo"li*o*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having five leaflets.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Quinqueliteral</h1>
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<hw>Quin`que*lit"er*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quinque-</ets> + <ets>literal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of five letters.</def>

<h1>Quinquelobate, Quinquelobared</h1>
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<hw><hw>Quin`que*lo"bate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Quin`que*lo"ba*red</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quinque-</ets> + <ets>lobate</ets>, <ets>-ated</ets>: cf. F. <ets>quinqu\'82lob\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cut less than halfway into portions, usually somewhat rounded; five-lobed; <as>as, a <ex>quinquelobate</ex> leaf or corolla</as>.</def>

<h1>Quinquelobed</h1>
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<hw>Quin"que*lobed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quinque-</ets> + <ets>lobe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Quinquelobate</er>.</def>

<h1>Quinquelocular</h1>
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<hw>Quin`que*loc"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quinque-</ets> + <ets>locular</ets>: cf. F. <ets>quinqu\'82loculaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having five cells or loculi; five-celled; <as>as, a <ex>quinquelocular</ex> pericarp</as>.</def>

<h1>Quinquenerved</h1>
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<hw>Quin"que*nerved`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quinque-</ets> + <ets>nerve</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having five nerves; -- said of a leaf with five nearly equal nerves or ribs rising from the end of the petiole.</def>

<h1>Quinquennalia</h1>
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<hw>Quin`quen*na"li*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>quinquennalis</ets>. See <er>Ouinquennial</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>Public games celebrated every five years.</def>

<h1>Quinquennial</h1>
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<hw>Quin*quen"ni*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quinquennalis</ets> and <ets>quinquennis</ets>; <ets>quinque</ets> five + <ets>annus</ets> year. See <er>Five</er>, <ets>and cf</ets>. <er>Biennial</er>.]</ety> <def>Occurring once in five years, or at the end of every five years; also, lasting five years. A quinquennial event.</def>

<h1>Quinquennium</h1>
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<hw>Quin*quen"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Space of five years.</def>

<h1>Quinquepartite</h1>
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<hw>Quin*quep"ar*tite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quinquepartitus</ets>; <ets>quinque</ets> five + <ets>partitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>partire</ets> to divide: cf. F. <ets>quinqu\'82partite</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of five parts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Divided into five parts almost to the base.</def>

<h1>Quinquereme</h1>
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<hw>Quin"que*reme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quinqueremis</ets>; <ets>quinque</ets> five + <ets>remus</ets> an oar: cf. F. <ets>quinqu\'82r\'8ame</ets>]</ety> <def>A galley having five benches or banks of oars; <as>as, an Athenian <ex>quinquereme</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Quinquesyllable</h1>
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<hw>Quin"que*syl`la*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quinque-</ets> + <ets>syllable</ets>.]</ety> <def>A word of five syllables.</def>

<h1>Quinquevalve, Quinquevalvular</h1>
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<hw><hw>Quin"que*valve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Quin`que*val"vu*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quinque-</ets> + <ets>valve</ets>, <ets>valvular</ets>: cf. F. <ets>quinqu\'82valve</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having five valves, as a pericarp.</def>

<h1>Quinquevir</h1>
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<hw>Quin"que*vir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl; E. <plw>Quinquevirs</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Quinqueviri</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. <ets>quinque</ets> Five + <ets>vir</ets> man.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. Antiq.)</fld> <def>One of five commissioners appointed for some special object.</def>

<h1>Quinquina</h1>
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<hw>Quin*qui"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. & F. See <er>Quinine</er>.]</ety> <def>Peruvian bark.</def>

<h1>Quinquivalent</h1>
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<hw>Quin*quiv"a*lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quinque-</ets> + L. <ets>valens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr.  See <er>Valence</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Pentavalent</er>.</def>

<h1>Quinsy</h1>
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<hw>Quin"sy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>squinancy</ets>, F. <ets>esquinancie</ets>, L. <ets>cynanche</ets> a sort of sore throat, Gr. <?/ sore throat, dog quinsy, fr. <?/ dog + <?/ to choke; cf. also L. <ets>synanche</ets> sore throat, Gr. <?/. Cf. <er>Hound</er>, <er>Anger</er>, and <er>Cynanche</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inflammation of the throat, or parts adjacent, especially of the fauces or tonsils, attended by considerable swelling, painful and impeded deglutition, and accompanied by inflammatory fever. It sometimes creates danger of suffocation; -- called also <altname>squinancy</altname>, and <altname>squinzey</altname>.</def>

<h1>Quint</h1>
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<hw>Quint</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quinte</ets>, fr. L. <ets>quintus</ets>, <ets>quinta</ets>, the fifth, <ets>quinque</ets> five. See <er>Five</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A set or sequence of five, as in piquet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The interval of a fifth.</def>

<h1>Quintain</h1>
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<hw>Quin"tain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quintaine</ets>, LL. <ets>quintana</ets>; cf. W. <ets>chwintan</ets> a kind of hymeneal game.]</ety> <def>An object to be tilted at; -- called also <altname>quintel</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>quintin</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; A common form in the Middle Ages was an upright post, on the top of which turned a crosspiece, having on one end a broad board, and on the other a sand bag. The endeavor was to strike the board with the lance while riding under, and get away without being hit by the sand bag. "But a <i>quintain</i>, a mere lifeless block."</note>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Quintal</h1>
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<hw>Quin"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Sp. <ets>quintal</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>qintar</ets> a weight of 100 lbs., prob. fr. L. <ets>centenarius</ets> consisting of a hundred, fr. <ets>centeni</ets> a hundred each, fr. <ets>centum</ets> a hundred. See <er>Hundred</er>, and cf. <er>Kentle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hundredweight, either 112 or 100 pounds, according to the scale used. Cf. <er>Cental</er>.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes written and pronounced <asp>kentle</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A metric measure of weight, being 100,000 grams, or 100 kilograms, equal to 220.46 pounds avoirdupois.</def>

<h1>Quintan</h1>
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<hw>Quin"tan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quintanus</ets>, fr. <ets>quintus</ets> fifth, <ets>quinque</ets> five. See <er>Five</er>.]</ety> <def>Occurring as the fifth, after four others also, occurring every fifth day, reckoning inclusively; <as>as, a <ex>quintan</ex> fever</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An intermittent fever which returns every fifth day, reckoning inclusively, or in which the intermission lasts three days.</def></def2>

<h1>Quintel</h1>
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<hw>Quin"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Quintain</er>.</def>

<h1>Quintessence</h1>
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<hw>Quin*tes"sence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>quinta essentia</ets> fifth essence. See <er>Quint</er>, and <er>Essence</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The fifth or last and highest essence or power in a natural body. See <cref>Ferment oils</cref>, under <er>Ferment</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<note>&hand; The ancient Greeks recognized four elements, fire, air, water, and earth. The Pythagoreans added a fifth and called it nether, the fifth essence, which they said flew upward at creation and out of it the stars were made. The alchemists sometimes considered alcohol, or the ferment oils, as the fifth essence.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: An extract from anything, containing its rarest virtue, or most subtle and essential constituent in a small quantity; pure or concentrated essence.</def>

<blockquote>Let there be light, said God; and forthwith light
Ethereal, first of things, <b>quintessence</b> pure,
Sprung from the deep.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quintessence</h1>
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<hw>Quin*tes"sence</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To distil or extract as a quintessence; to reduce to a quintessence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Stirling</i>. "Truth <i>quintessenced</i> and raised to the highest power."

<i>J. A. Symonds.</i>

<h1>Quintessential</h1>
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<hw>Quin`tes*sen"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of a quintessence; purest.</def> "<i>Quintessential</i> extract of mediocrity."

<i>G. Eliot.</i>

<h1>Quintet, Quintette</h1>
<Xpage=1179>

<hw><hw>Quin*tet"</hw>, <hw>Quin*tette"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>quintetto</ets>, dim. of <ets>quinto</ets> the fifth, a fifth part, from L. <ets>quintus</ets> the fifth: cf. F. <ets>quintette</ets>. See <er>Quint</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A composition for five voices or instruments; also, the set of five persons who sing or play five-part music.</def>

<h1>Quintic</h1>
<Xpage=1179>

<hw>Quin"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quintus</ets> fifth, fr. <ets>quinque</ets> five.]</ety> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>Of the fifth degree or order.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>A quantic of the fifth degree. See <er>Quantic</er>.</def></def2>

<h1>Quintile</h1>
<Xpage=1179>

<hw>Quin"tile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quintil aspect</ets>, fr. L. <ets>quintus</ets> the fifth.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The aspect of planets when separated the fifth part of the zodiac, or 72&deg;.</def>
<-- sic.  not separated "by" -->

<i>Hutton.</i>

<h1>Quintilllion</h1>
<Xpage=1179>

<hw>Quin*till"lion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Formed fr. L. <ets>quintus</ets> the fifth, after the analogy of <ets>million</ets>: cf. F. <ets>quintillion</ets>. See <er>Quint</er>.]</ety> <def>According to the French notation, which is used on the Continent and in America, the cube of a million, or a unit with eighteen ciphers annexed; according to the English notation, a number produced by involving a million to the fifth power, or a unit with thirty ciphers annexed. See the Note under <er>Numeration</er>.</def>

<h1>Quintin</h1>
<Xpage=1179>

<hw>Quin"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Quintain</er>.</def>

<h1>Quintine</h1>
<Xpage=1179>

<hw>Quin"tine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quintus</ets> the fifth: cf. F. <ets>quintine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The embryonic sac of an ovule, sometimes regarded as an innermost fifth integument. Cf. <er>Quartine</er>, and <er>Tercine</er>.</def>

<h1>Quintole</h1>
<Xpage=1179>

<hw>Quin"tole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>quinto</ets> fifth.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A group of five notes to be played or sung in the time of four of the same species.</def>

<h1>Quintuple</h1>
<Xpage=1179>

<hw>Quin"tu*ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quintus</ets> fifth: cf. F. <ets>quintuple</ets>, L. <ets>quintuplex</ets>. Cf. <er>Quadruple</er>.]</ety> <def>Multiplied by five; increased to five times the amount; fivefold.</def>

<cs><col>Quintuple time</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a time having five beats in a measure. It is seldom used.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quintuple</h1>
<Xpage=1179>

<hw>Quin"tu*ple</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quintupled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quintupling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>quintupler</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make fivefold, or five times as much or many.</def>

<h1>Quittuple-nerved, Quintuple-ribbed</h1>
<Xpage=1179>

<hw><hw>Quit"tu*ple-nerved`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Quin"tu*ple-ribbed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The same as <er>Quinquenerved</er>.</def>

<h1>Quinzaine</h1>
<Xpage=1179>

<hw>Quin"zaine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from <ets>quinze</ets> fifteen, L. <ets>quindecim</ets>. See <er>Fifteen</er>.]</ety> <def>The fifteenth day after a feast day, including both in the reckoning.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>quinzain</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Quinze</h1>
<Xpage=1179>

<hw>Quinze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A game at cards in which the object is to make fifteen points.</def>

<h1>Quip</h1>
<Xpage=1179>

<hw>Quip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. W. <ets>chwip</ets> a quick flirt or turn, <ets>chwipio</ets> to whip, to move briskly, and E. <ets>whip</ets>. Cf. <er>Quib</er>, <er>Quibble</er>.]</ety> <def>A smart, sarcastic turn or jest; a taunt; a severe retort; a gibe.</def>

<blockquote><b>Quips</b>, and cranks, and wanton wiles.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He was full of joke and jest,
But all his merry <b>quips</b> are o'er.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quip</h1>
<Xpage=1179>

<hw>Quip</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quipped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quipping</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To taunt; to treat with quips.</def>

<blockquote>The more he laughs, and does her closely <b>quip</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quip</h1>
<Xpage=1179>

<hw>Quip</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To scoff; to use taunts.</def>

<i>Sir H. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Quipo</h1>
<Xpage=1179>

<hw>Qui"po</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Quipu</er>.</def>

<h1>Quipu</h1>
<Xpage=1179>

<hw>Qui"pu</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Quipus</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Peruv.<ets>quipu</ets> a knot.]</ety> <def>A contrivance employed by the ancient Peruvians, Mexicans, etc., as a substitute for writing and figures, consisting of a main cord, from which hung at certain distances smaller cords of various colors, each having a special meaning, as silver, gold, corn, soldiers. etc. Single, double, and triple knots were tied in the smaller cords, representing definite numbers. It was chiefly used for arithmetical purposes, and to register important facts and events.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>quipo</asp>.]</altsp> <i>Tylor</i>.

<blockquote>The mysterious science of the <b>quipus</b> . . . supplied the Peruvians with the means of communicating their ideas to one another, and of transmitting them to future generations.
<i>Prescott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quirboilly</h1>
<Xpage=1179>

<hw>Quir"boil*ly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cuir bouilli</ets>.]</ety> <def>Leather softened by boiling so as to take any required shape. Upon drying, it becomes exceedingly hard, and hence was formerly used for armor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "His jambeux were of <i>quyrboilly</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Quire</h1>
<Xpage=1179>

<hw>Quire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Choir</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>quire</b> of such enticing birds.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quire</h1>
<Xpage=1179>

<hw>Quire</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sing in concert.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<hr>
<page="1180">
Page 1180<p>

<hr>
<page="1180">
Page 1180<p>

<h1>Quire</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>quaer</ets>, <ets>quair</ets>, OF. <ets>quayer</ets>, <ets>cayer</ets>, <ets>ca\'8ber</ets>, F. <ets>cahier</ets>, a book of loose sheets, a quarter of a quire, LL. <ets>quaternus</ets>, <ets>quaternum</ets>, sheets of paper packed together, properly, four together, fr. L. <ets>quaterni</ets> four each, by fours, <ets>quattuor</ets>, four.  See <er>Four</er> and cf. <er>Cahier</er>.]</ety> <def>A collection of twenty-four sheets of paper of the same size and quality, unfolded or having a single fold; one twentieth of a ream.</def>

<h1>Quirister</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quir"is*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Quire</er>, <er>Chorister</er>.]</ety> <def>A chorister. See <er>Chorister</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Quiritation</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quir`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>quiritatio</ets>, fr. <ets>quiritare</ets> to raise a plaintive cry, v. freq. fr. <ets>queri</ets> to complain.]</ety> <def>A crying for help.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Quirite</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Qui"rite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Quirites.</def>

<h1>Quirites</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Qui*ri"tes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>Cures</ets>, a Sabine town.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>Roman citizens.</def>

<note>&hand; After the Sabines and Romans had united themselves into one community, under Romulus, the name of <i>Quirites</i> was taken in addition to that of <i>Romani</i>, the Romans calling themselves in a civil capacity <i>Quirites</i>, while in a political and military capacity they retained the name of <i>Romani</i>.</note>

<i>Andrews.</i>

<h1>Quirk</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quirk</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>querk</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Cf W. <ets>chwiori</ets> to turn briskly, or E. <ets>queer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sudden turn; a starting from the point or line; hence, an artful evasion or subterfuge; a shift; a quibble; <as>as, the <ex>quirks</ex> of a pettifogger</as>.</def> "Some <i>quirk</i> or . . . evasion."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>We ground the justification of our nonconformity on dark subtilties and intricate <b>quirks</b>.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fit or turn; a short paroxysm; a caprice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Quirks</i> of joy and grief."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A smart retort; a quibble; a shallow conceit.</def>

<blockquote>Some odd <b>quirks</b> and remnants of wit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An irregular air; <as>as, light <ex>quirks</ex> of music</as>.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Building)</fld> <def>A piece of ground taken out of any regular ground plot or floor, so as to make a court, yard, etc.; -- sometimes written <i>quink</i>.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small channel, deeply recessed in proportion to its width, used to insulate and give relief to a convex rounded molding.</def>

<cs><col>Quirk molding</col>, <cd>a bead between two quirks.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quirked</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quirked</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having, or formed with, a quirk or quirks.</def>

<h1>Quirkish</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quirk"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><def>, Consisting of quirks; resembling a quirk.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Quirky</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quirk"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of quirks; tricky; <as>as, a <ex>quirky</ex> lawyer</as>.</def>

<h1>Quirl</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quirl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Querl</er>.</def>

<h1>Quirpele</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quir"pele</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Tamil <ets>k\'c6rippillai</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Indian ferret.</def>

<h1>Quirt</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quirt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rawhide whip plaited with two thongs of buffalo hide</def>

<i>T. Roosevelt.</i>

<h1>Quish</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Cuish</er>.</def>

<h1>Quit</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of small passerine birds native of tropical America. See <cref>Banana quit</cref>, under <er>Banana</er>, and <er>Guitguit</er>.</def>

<h1>Quit</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>quite</ets>, OF. <ets>quite</ets>, F. <ets>quitte</ets>. See <er>Quit</er>, <tt>v.<tt>, <er>Quirt</er>.]</ety> <def>Released from obligation, charge, penalty, etc.; free; clear; absolved; acquitted.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>The owner of the ox shall be <b>quit</b>.
<i>Ex. xxi. 28.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word is sometimes used in the form <i>quits</i>, colloquially; as, to be <i>quits</i> with one, that is, to have made mutual satisfaction of demands with him; to be even with him; hence, as an exclamation: <i>Quits</i>! we are even, or on equal terms. "To cry <i>quits</i> with the commons in their complaints."</note>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Quit</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quit</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quit</er> or <er>Quitted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>quiten</ets>, OF. <ets>quiter</ets>, <ets>quitier</ets>, <ets>cuitier</ets>, F. <ets>quitter</ets>, to acquit, quit, LL. <ets>quietare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>quietare</ets> to calm, to quiet, fr. <ets>quietus</ets> quiet. See <er>Quiet</er>, <tt>a.<tt>, and cf. <er>Quit</er>, <tt>a.<tt>, <er>Quite</er>, <er>Acquit</er>, <er>Requite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set at rest; to free, as from anything harmful or oppressive; to relieve; to clear; to liberate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>To <b>quit</b> you of this fear, you have already looked Death in the face; what have you found so terrible in it?
<i>Wake.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To release from obligation, accusation, penalty, or the like; to absolve; to acquit.</def>

<blockquote>There may no gold them <b>quyte</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>God will relent, and <b>quit</b> thee all his debt.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To discharge, as an obligation or duty; to meet and satisfy, as a claim or debt; to make payment for or of; to requite; to repay.</def>

<blockquote>The blissful martyr <b>quyte</b> you your meed.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Enkindle all the sparks of nature
To <b>quit this horrid act</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Before that judge that <b>quits</b> each soul his hire.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To meet the claims upon, or expectations entertained of; to conduct; to acquit; -- used reflexively.</def>

<blockquote>Be strong, and <b>quit</b> yourselves like men.
<i>I Sam. iv. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Samson hath <b>guit</b> himself
Like Samson.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To carry through; to go through to the end.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Never worthy prince a day did <b>quit</b>
With greater hazard and with more renown.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To have done with; to cease from; to stop; hence, to depart from; to leave; to forsake; <as>as, to <ex>quit</ex> work; to <ex>quit</ex> the place; to <ex>quit</ex> jesting.</as></def>

<blockquote>Such a superficial way of examining is to <b>quit</b> truth for appearance.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To quit cost</col>, <cd>to pay; to reimburse.</cd> -- <col>To quit scores</col>, <cd>to make even; to clear mutually from demands.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Does not the earth <b>quit scores</b> with all the elements in the noble fruits that issue from it?
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To leave; relinquish; resign; abandon; forsake; surrender; discharge; requite.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Quit</er>, <er>Leave</er>. <i>Leave</i> is a general term, signifying merely an act of departure; <i>quit</i> implies a going without intention of return, a final and absolute abandonment.</usage>

<h1>Quit</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quit</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To away; to depart; to stop doing a thing; to cease.</def>

<h1>Quitch</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quitch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Quitch grass</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Figuratively: A vice; a taint; an evil.</def>

<blockquote>To pick the vicious <b>quitch</b>
Of blood and custom wholly out of him.
<i>Tennyson</i></blockquote>.

<h1>Quitch grass</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quitch" grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Properly <ets>quick grass</ets>, being probably so called from its vigorous growth, or from its tenacity of life. See <er>Quick</er>, and cf. <er>Couch grass</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial grass (<spn>Agropyrum repens</spn>) having long running rootstalks, by which it spreads rapidly and pertinaciously, and so becomes a troublesome weed. Also called <altname>couch grass</altname>, <altname>quick grass</altname>, <altname>quick grass</altname>, <altname>twitch grass</altname>. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Quitclaim</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quit"claim`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quit</ets>, a. + <ets>claim</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A release or relinquishment of a claim; a deed of release; an instrument by which some right, title, interest, or claim, which one person has, or is supposed to have, in or to an estate held by himself or another, is released or relinquished, the grantor generally covenanting only against persons who claim under himself.</def>

<h1>Quitclaim</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quit"claim`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quitclaimed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quitclaiming</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To release or relinquish a claim to; to release a claim to by deed, without covenants of warranty against adverse and paramount titles.</def>

<h1>Quite</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Quit</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Quite</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>quite</ets> discharged, free, clear; cf. OF. <ets>quitement</ets> freely, frankly, entirely. See <er>Quit</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Completely; wholly; entirely; totally; perfectly; <as>as, the work is not <ex>quite</ex> done; the object is <ex>quite</ex> accomplished; to be <ex>quite</ex> mistaken.</as></def>

<blockquote>Man shall not <b>quite</b> be lost, but saved who will.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The same actions may be aimed at different ends, and arise from <b>quite</b> contrary principles.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To a great extent or degree; very; very much; considerably.</def> "<i>Quite</i> amusing."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>He really looks <b>quite</b> concerned.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The island stretches along the land and is <b>quite</b> close to it.
<i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quitly</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quit"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Quite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Quitrent</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quit"rent`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Quit</ets>, a. + <ets>rent</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A rent reserved in grants of land, by the payment of which the tenant is quit from other service.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<note>&hand; In some of the United States a fee-farm rent is so termed.</note>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Quits</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quits</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>interj.</tt> <def>See the Note under <er>Quit</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Quittable</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quit"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being quitted.</def>

<h1>Quittal</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quit"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Return; requital; quittance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Quittance</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quit"tance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>quitaunce</ets>, OF. <ets>quitance</ets>, F. <ets>quittance</ets>. See <er>Quit</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Discharge from a debt or an obligation; acquittance.</def>

<blockquote>Omittance is no <b>quittance</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Recompense; return; repayment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Quittance</h1>
<Xpage=1180>

<hw>Quit"tance</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To repay; to requite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Quitter</h1>
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<hw>Quit"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who quits.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A deliverer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ainsworth.</i>

<h1>Quittor</h1>
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<hw>Quit"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perhaps for <ets>quitture</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A chronic abscess, or fistula of the coronet, in a horse's foot, resulting from inflammation of the tissues investing the coffin bone.</def>

<h1>Quitture</h1>
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<hw>Quit"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A discharge; an issue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To cleanse the <b>quitture</b> from thy wound.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quiver</h1>
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<hw>Quiv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Akin to AS. <ets>cwiferlice</ets> anxiously; cf. OD. <ets>kuiven</ets>, <ets>kuiveren</ets>. Cf. <er>Quaver</er>.]</ety> <def>Nimble; active.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> " A little <i>quiver</i> fellow."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Quiver</h1>
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<hw>Quiv"er</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quivered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quivering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Quaver</er>.]</ety> <def>To shake or move with slight and tremulous motion; to tremble; to quake; to shudder; to shiver.</def>

<blockquote>The green leaves <b>quiver</b> with the cooling wind.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And left the limbs still <b>quivering</b> on the ground.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quiver</h1>
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<hw>Quiv"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or state of quivering; a tremor.</def>

<h1>Quiver</h1>
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<hw>Quiv"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>cuivre</ets>, <ets>cuevre</ets>, <ets>coivre</ets>, LL. <ets>cucurum</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>chohh\'beri</ets> quiver, receptacle, G. <ets>k\'94cher</ets> quiver; akin to AS. <ets>color</ets>, <ets>cocur</ets>, <ets>cocer</ets>, D. <ets>koker</ets>. Cf. <er>Cocker</er> a high shoe.]</ety> <def>A case or sheath for arrows to be carried on the person.</def>

<blockquote>Reside him hung his bow
And <b>quiver</b>, with three-bolted thunder stored.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quivered</h1>
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<hw>Quiv"ered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Furnished with, or carrying, a quiver.</def> "Like a <i>quivered</i> nymph with arrows keen."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sheathed, as in a quiver.</def> "Whose quills stand <i>quivered</i> at his ear."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Quiveringly</h1>
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<hw>Quiv"er*ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With quivering motion.</def>

<h1>Qui vive</h1>
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<hw>Qui` vive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., fr. <ets>qui</ets> who + <ets>vive</ets>, pres. subj. of <ets>vivre</ets> to live.]</ety> <def>The challenge of a French sentinel, or patrol; -- used like the English challenge: "Who comes there?"</def>

<cs><col>To be on the qui vive</col>, <cd>to be on guard; to be watchful and alert, like a sentinel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quixotic</h1>
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<hw>Quix*ot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like Don Quixote; romantic to extravagance; absurdly chivalric; apt to be deluded.</def> "Feats of <i>quixotic</i> gallantry."

<i>Prescott.</i>

<h1>Quixotically</h1>
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<hw>Quix*ot"ic*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a quixotic way.</def>

<h1>Quixotism</h1>
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<hw>Quix"ot*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That form of delusion which leads to extravagant and absurd undertakings or sacrifices in obedience to a morbidly romantic ideal of duty or honor, as illustrated by the exploits of Don Quixote in knight-errantry.</def>

<h1>Quixotry</h1>
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<hw>Quix"ot*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quixotism; visionary schemes.</def>

<h1>Quiz</h1>
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<hw>Quiz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It is said that Daly, the manager of a Dublin playhouse, laid a wager that a new word of no meaning should be the common talk and puzzle of the city in twenty-fours. In consequence of this the letters <ets>q u i z</ets> were chalked by him on all the walls of Dublin, with an effect that won the wager. Perhaps, however, originally a variant of <ets>whiz</ets>, and formerly the name of a popular game.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A riddle or obscure question; an enigma; a ridiculous hoax.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who quizzes others; <as>as, he is a great <ex>quiz</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An odd or absurd fellow.</def>

<i>Smart. Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An exercise, or a course of exercises, conducted as a coaching or as an examination.</def> <mark>[Cant, U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Quiz</h1>
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<hw>Quiz</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quizzed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quizzing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To puzzle; to banter; to chaff or mock with pretended seriousness of discourse; to make sport of, as by obscure questions.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>quizzed</b> unmercifully all the men in the room.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To peer at; to eye suspiciously or mockingly.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To instruct in or by a quiz. See <er>Quiz</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<cs><col>Quizzing glass</col>, <cd>a small eyeglass.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quiz</h1>
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<hw>Quiz</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To conduct a quiz. See <er>Quiz</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 4.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Quizzer</h1>
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<hw>Quiz"zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who quizzes; a quiz.</def>

<h1>Quizzical</h1>
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<hw>Quiz"zic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to quizzing: given to quizzing; of the nature of a quiz; farcical; sportive.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Quiz"zic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Quizzism</h1>
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<hw>Quiz"zism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or habit of quizzing.</def>

<h1>Quob</h1>
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<hw>Quob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Quaver</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>quop</asp> and <asp>quab</asp>.]</altsp> <def>To throb; to quiver.</def> <mark>[Local & Vulgar]</mark>

<h1>Quod</h1>
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<hw>Quod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>quad</ets>, abbrev. of <ets>quadrangle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A quadrangle or court, as of a prison; hence, a prison.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>  "Flogged or whipped in <i>quod</i>."

<i>T. Hughes.</i>

<h1>Quod</h1>
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<hw>Quod</hw>, <tt>v.</tt> <def>Quoth; said. See <er>Quoth</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>"Let be," <b>quod</b> he, "it shall not be."
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quoddies</h1>
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<hw>Quod"dies</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>Herring taken and cured or smoked near Quoddy Head, Maine, or near the entrance of Passamaquoddy Ray.</def>

<h1>Quodlibet</h1>
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<hw>Quod"li*bet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., what you please.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A nice point; a subtilty; a debatable point.</def>

<blockquote>These are your <b>quodlibets</b>, but no learning.
<i>P. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A medley improvised by several performers.</def>

<h1>Quodlibetarian</h1>
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<hw>Quod"lib*e*ta"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who discusses any subject at pleasure.</def>

<h1>Quodlibetical</h1>
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<hw>Quod"li*bet"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not restricted to a particular subject; discussed for curiosity or entertainment.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Quod`li*bet"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Quoif</h1>
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<hw>Quoif</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Coif</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Quoifffure</h1>
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<hw>Quoiff"fure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Coiffure</er>.</def>

<h1>Quoil</h1>
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<hw>Quoil</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Coil</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Quoin</h1>
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<hw>Quoin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Coin</er>, and cf. <er>Coigne</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Originally, a solid exterior angle, as of a building; now, commonly, one of the selected pieces of material by which the corner is marked.</def>

<note>&hand; In stone, the quoins consist of blocks larger than those used in the rest of the building, and cut to dimension. In brickwork, quoins consist of groups or masses of brick laid together, and in a certain imitation of quoins of stone.</note>

<-- # the various "subdefs" here require the introductory part definition to be complete -->
<p><b>2.</b> <def>A wedgelike piece of stone, wood metal, or other material, used for various purposes</def>, as: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>to support and steady a stone</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>To support the breech of a cannon</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To wedge or lock up a form within a chase</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> To prevent casks from rolling.</def>

<cs><col>Hollow quoin</col>. <cd>See under <er>Hollow</er>.</cd> -- <col>Quoin post</col> <fld>(Canals)</fld>, <cd>the post of a lock gate which abuts against the wall.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quoit</h1>
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<hw>Quoit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>coite</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>coitier</ets> to spur, press, (assumed) LL. <ets>coctare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>coquere</ets>, <ets>coctum</ets>, to cook, burn, vex, harass, E. <ets>cook</ets>, also W. <ets>coete<?/</ets> a quoit.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A flattened ring-shaped piece of iron, to be pitched at a fixed object in play; hence, any heavy flat missile used for the same purpose, as a stone, piece of iron, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A game played with quoits.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The discus of the ancients. See <er>Discus</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A cromlech.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>J. Morley.</i>

<h1>Quoit</h1>
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<hw>Quoit</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To throw quoits; to play at quoits.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>quoit</b>, to run, and steeds and chariots drive.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quoit</h1>
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<hw>Quoit</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To throw; to pitch.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Quoke</h1>
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<hw>Quoke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Quake</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Quoll</h1>
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<hw>Quoll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marsupial of Australia (<spn>Dasyurus macrurus</spn>), about the size of a cat.</def>

<h1>Quondam</h1>
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<hw>Quon"dam</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L., formerly.]</ety> <def>Having been formerly; former; sometime.</def> "This is the <i>quondam</i> king."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Quondam</h1>
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<hw>Quon"dam</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person dismissed or ejected from a position.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Make them <i>quondams</i>; . . . cast them out of their office."

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Quook</h1>
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<hw>Quook</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Quake</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Quop</h1>
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<hw>Quop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Quob</er>.</def>

<h1>Quorum</h1>
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<hw>Quo"rum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., of whom, gen. pl. of <ets>qui</ets> who, akin to E. <ets>who</ets>. See the Note below.]</ety> <def>Such a number of the officers or members of any body as is competent by law or constitution to transact business; <as>as, a <ex>quorum</ex> of the House of Representatives; a constitutional <ex>quorum</ex> was not present.</as></def>

<note>&hand; The term arose from the Latin words, <i>Quorum aliquem vestrum</i> . . . <i>unum esse volumus</i> (of whom we wish some one of you to be one), which were used in the commission formerly issued to justices of the peace in England, by which commission it was directed that no business of certain kinds should be done without the presence of one or more of certain justices specially designated. <i>Justice of the peace and of the quorum</i> designates a class of justices of the peace in some of the United States.</note>

<h1>Quota</h1>
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<hw>Quo"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL., fr. L. <ets>quota</ets> (sc. <ets>pars</ets>), fr.<ets>quotus</ets> which or what in number, of what number, how many, fr. <ets>quot</ets> how many, akin to <ets>quis</ets>, <ets>qui</ets>, who: cf. It. <ets>quota</ets> a share. See <er>Who</er>.]</ety> <def>A proportional part or share; the share or proportion assigned to each in a division.</def> "<i>Quota</i> of troops and money."<-- esp. a share of effort required to be performed, or a share of resources required to be obtained for some common purpose. -->

<i>Motley.</i>

<h1>Quotable</h1>
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<hw>Quot"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable or worthy of being quoted; <as>as, a <ex>quotable</ex> writer; a <ex>quotable</ex> sentence.</as></def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Quot`a*bit"i*ty</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <i>Poe.</i></wordforms>

<h1>Quotation</h1>
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<hw>Quo*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Quote</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of quoting or citing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is quoted or cited; a part of a book or writing named, repeated, or adduced as evidence or illustration.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<hr>
<page="1181">
Page 1181<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The naming or publishing of the current price of stocks, bonds, or any commodity; also the price named.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Quota; share.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(print.)</fld> <def>A piece of hollow type metal, lower than type, and measuring two or more pica ems in length and breadth, used in the blank spaces at the beginning and end of chapters, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Quotation marks</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>two inverted commas placed at the beginning, and two apostrophes at the end, of a passage quoted from an author in his own words.</cd></cs>

<h1>Quotationist</h1>
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<hw>Quo*ta"tion*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes, or is given to making, quotations.</def>

<blockquote>The narrow intellectuals of <b>quotationists</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quote</h1>
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<hw>Quote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Quoted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Quoting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>quoter</ets>, F. <ets>coter</ets> to letter, number, to quote, LL. <ets>quotare</ets> to divide into chapters and verses, fr. L. <ets>quotus</ets>. See <er>Quota</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>cote</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cite, as a passage from some author; to name, repeat, or adduce, as a passage from an author or speaker, by way of authority or illustration; <as>as, to <ex>quote</ex> a passage from Homer</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cite a passage from; to name as the authority for a statement or an opinion; <as>as, to <ex>quote</ex> Shakespeare</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To name the current price of.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To notice; to observe; to examine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To set down, as in writing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "He's <i>quoted</i> for a most perfidious slave."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To cite; name; adduce; repeat.</syn> <usage> <er>Quote</er>, <er>Cite</er>. To <i>cite</i> was originally to call into court as a witness, etc., and hence denotes bringing forward any thing or person as evidence. <i>Quote</i> usually signifies to reproduce another's words; it is also used to indicate an appeal to some one as an authority, without adducing his exact words.</usage>

<h1>Quote</h1>
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<hw>Quote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A note upon an author.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Quoter</h1>
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<hw>Quot"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who quotes the words of another.</def>

<h1>Quoth</h1>
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<hw>Quoth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[AS.<ets>cwe&edh;an</ets>, imp <ets>cw\'91&edh;</ets>, pl. <ets>cw&aemac;don</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>que&edh;an</ets>, OHG. <ets>quethan</ets>, <ets>quedan</ets>, Icel. <ets>kve&edh;a</ets>, Goth. <ets>qi&thorn;an</ets>. &root;22.  Cf. <er>Bequeath</er>.]</ety> <def>Said; spoke; uttered; -- used only in the first and third persons in the past tenses, and always followed by its nominative, the word or words said being the object; <as>as, <ex>quoth</ex> I</as>. <i>quoth he</i>.</def> "Let me not live, <i>quoth</i> he."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Quotha</h1>
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<hw>Quoth"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>interj.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>quoth'a</ets>, said he, <ets>'a</ets> being corrupted from <ets>he</ets>.]</ety> <def>Indeed; forsooth.</def>

<blockquote>To affront the blessed hillside drabs and thieves
With mended morals, <b>quotha</b>, -- fine new lives !
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Quotidian</h1>
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<hw>Quo*tid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>cotidian</ets>, L. <ets>quotidianus</ets>, fr. <ets>quotidie</ets> daily; <ets>quotus</ets> how many + <ets>dies</ets> day: cf. OF. <ets>cotidien</ets>, F. <ets>quotidien</ets>. See <er>Quota</er>, <er>Deity</er>.]</ety> <def>Occurring or returning daily; <as>as, a <ex>quotidian</ex> fever</as>.</def>

<h1>Quotidian</h1>
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<hw>Quo*tid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything returning daily; especially <fld>(Med.)</fld>, an intermittent fever or ague which returns every day.</def>

<i>Milton</i>.

<h1>Quotient</h1>
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<hw>Quo"tient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>quoties</ets> how often, how many times, fr. <ets>quot</ets> how many. See <er>Quota</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>The number resulting from the division of one number by another, and showing how often a less number is contained in a greater; <as>thus, the <ex>quotient</ex> of twelve divided by four is three</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Higher Alg.)</fld> <def>The result of any process inverse to multiplication. See the Note under <er>Multiplication</er>.</def>

<h1>Quotiety</h1>
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<hw>Quo*ti"e*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>quotus</ets> of what number, <ets>quot</ets> how many.]</ety> <fld>(Scholastic Philos.)</fld> <def>The relation of an object to number.</def>

<i>Krauth-Fleming.</i>

<h1>Quotum</h1>
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<hw>Quo"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>quotus</ets> of what number. See <er>Quota</er>.]</ety> <def>Part or proportion; quota.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A very small <i>quotum</i>."

<i> Max M\'81ller.</i>

<h1>Quo warranto</h1>
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<hw>Quo" war*ran"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[So called from the Law L. words <ets>quo warranto</ets> (by what authority), in the original Latin form of the writ. See <er>Which</er>, and <er>Warrant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ brought before a proper tribunal, to inquire by what warrant a person or a corporation acts, or exercises certain powers.</def>

<i>Blackstone</i>.

<note>&hand; An information in the nature of a <i>quo warranto</i> is now common as a substitute for the writ.
<i>Wharton</i>.
</note>

<h1>Quran</h1>
<Xpage=1181>

<hw>Qu*ran"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Koran</er>.</def>

<hr>
<page="1182">
Page 1182<p>

<h1>Race</h1>
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<hw>Race</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ra\'8bz</ets>, L. <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>. See <er>Radix</er>.]</ety> <def>A root.</def> "A <i>race</i> or two of ginger."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Race ginger</col>, <cd>ginger in the root, or not pulverized.</cd></cs>

<h1>Race</h1>
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<hw>Race</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>race</ets>; cf. Pr. & Sp. <ets>raza</ets>, It. <ets>razza</ets>; all from OHG. <ets>reiza</ets> line, akin to E. <ets>write</ets>. See <er>Write</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The descendants of a common ancestor; a family, tribe, people, or nation, believed or presumed to belong to the same stock; a lineage; a breed.</def>

<blockquote>The whole <b>race</b> of mankind.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Whence the long <b>race</b> of Alban fathers come.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Naturalists and ehnographers divide mankind into several distinct varieties, or races. Cuvier refers them all to three, Pritchard enumerates seven, Agassiz eight, Pickering describes eleven. One of the common classifications is that of Blumenbach, who makes five races: the <i>Caucasian</i>, or white race, to which belong the greater part of the European nations and those of Western Asia; the <i>Mongolian</i>, or yellow race, occupying Tartary, China, Japan, etc.; the <i>Ethiopian</i>, or negro race, occupying most of Africa (except the north), Australia, Papua, and other Pacific Islands; the <i>American</i>, or red race, comprising the Indians of North and South America; and the <i>Malayan</i>, or brown race, which occupies the islands of the Indian Archipelago, etc. Many recent writers classify the Malay and American races as branches of the Mongolian. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Company; herd; breed.</def>

<blockquote>For do but note a wild and wanton herd,
Or <b>race</b> of youthful and unhandled colts,
Fetching mad bounds.
<i>Shak</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A variety of such fixed character that it may be propagated by seed.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Peculiar flavor, taste, or strength, as of wine; that quality, or assemblage of qualities, which indicates origin or kind, as in wine; hence, characteristic flavor; smack.</def> "A <i>race</i> of heaven."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Is it [the wine] of the right <b>race</b> ?
<i>Massinqer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Hence, characteristic quality or disposition</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And now I give my sensual <b>race</b> the rein.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some . . . great <b>race</b> of fancy or judgment.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Lineage; line; family; house; breed; offspring; progeny; issue.</syn>

<h1>Race</h1>
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<hw>Race</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ras</ets>, <ets>res</ets>, <ets>rees</ets>, AS. <ets>r&aemac;s</ets> a rush, running; akin to Icel. <ets>r\'bes</ets> course, race. &root;118.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A progress; a course; a movement or progression.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Esp., swift progress; rapid course; a running.</def>

<blockquote>The flight of many birds is swifter than the <b>race</b> of any beasts.
<i> Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence: The act or process of running in competition; a contest of speed in any way, as in running, riding, driving, skating, rowing, sailing; in the plural, usually, a meeting for contests in the running of horses; <as>as, he attended the <ex>races</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>race</b> is not to the swift.
<i>Eccl. ix. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I wield the gauntlet, and I run the <b>race</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Competitive action of any kind, especially when prolonged; hence, career; course of life.</def>

<blockquote>My <b>race</b> of glory run, and <b>race</b> of shame.
<i> Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A strong or rapid current of water, or the channel or passage for such a current; a powerful current or heavy sea, sometimes produced by the meeting of two tides; <as>as, the Portland <ex>Race</ex>; the <ex>Race</ex> of Alderney.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The current of water that turns a water wheel, or the channel in which it flows; a mill race.</def>

<note>&hand; The part of the channel above the wheel is sometimes called the <i>headrace</i>, the part below, the <i>tailrace</i>.</note>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A channel or guide along which a shuttle is driven back and forth, as in a loom, sewing machine, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Race cloth</col>, <cd>a cloth worn by horses in racing, having pockets to hold the weights prescribed.</cd> -- <col>Race course</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The path, generally circular or elliptical, over which a race is run</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Same as <cref>Race way</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Race cup</col>, <cd>a cup given as a prize to the victor in a race.</cd> -- <col>Race glass</col>, <cd>a kind of field glass.</cd> -- <col>Race horse</col>.  <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A horse that runs in competition; specifically, a horse bred or kept for running races</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A breed of horses remarkable for swiftness in running</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> The <cd>steamer duck</cd>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>A mantis.</cd> -- <col>Race knife</col>, <cd>a cutting tool with a blade that is hooked at the point, for marking outlines, on boards or metals, as by a pattern, -- used in shipbuilding.</cd> -- <col>Race saddle</col>, <cd>a light saddle used in racing.</cd> -- <col>Race track</col>. <cd>Same as <cref>Race course</cref> <sd>(a)</sd>, above.</cd> -- <col>Race way</col>, <cd>the canal for the current that drives a water wheel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Race</h1>
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<hw>Race</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Raced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Racing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To run swiftly; to contend in a race; <as>as, the animals <ex>raced</ex> over the ground; the ships <ex>raced</ex> from port to port.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Steam Mach.)</fld> <def>To run too fast at times, as a marine engine or screw, when the screw is lifted out of water by the action of a heavy sea.</def>

<h1>Race</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Race</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to contend in race; to drive at high speed; <as>as, to <ex>race</ex> horses</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To run a race with.</def>

<h1>Racemate</h1>
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<hw>Ra*ce"mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of racemic acid.</def>

<h1>Racemation</h1>
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<hw>Rac`e*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>racematio</ets> a gleaning, fr. <ets>racemari</ets> to glean, <ets>racemus</ets> a cluster of grapes. See <er>Raceme</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A cluster or bunch, as of grapes.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cultivation or gathering of clusters of grapes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Raceme</h1>
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<hw>Ra*ceme"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>racemus</ets> a bunch of berries, a cluster of grapes. See <er>Raisin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A flower cluster with an elongated axis and many one-flowered lateral pedicels, as in the currant and chokecherry.</def>

<cs><col>Compound raceme</col>, <cd>one having the lower pedicels developed into secondary racemes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Racemed</h1>
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<hw>Ra*cemed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Arranged in a raceme, or in racemes.</def>

<h1>Racemic</h1>
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<hw>Ra*ce"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rac\'82mique</ets>. See <er>Raceme</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in many kinds of grapes. It is also obtained from tartaric acid, with which it is isomeric, and from sugar, gum, etc., by oxidation. It is a sour white crystalline substance, consisting of a combination of dextrorotatory and levorotatory tartaric acids.</def>

<i>Gregory.</i>

<h1>Racemiferous</h1>
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<hw>Rac`e*mif"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>racemifer</ets> bearing clusters; <ets>racemus</ets> cluster + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear: cf. F. <ets>rac\'82mif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing racemes, as the currant.</def>

<h1>Racemiform</h1>
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<hw>Ra*cem"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the form of a raceme.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Racemose</h1>
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<hw>Rac"e*mose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>racemosus</ets> full of clusters.]</ety> <def>Resembling a raceme; growing in the form of a raceme; <as>as, <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <ex>racemose</ex> berries or flowers; <fld>(Anat.)</fld> the <ex>racemose</ex> glands, in which the ducts are branched and clustered like a raceme</as>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Racemous</h1>
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<hw>Rac"e*mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rac\'82meux</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Racemose</er>.</def>

<h1>Racemule</h1>
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<hw>Rac"e*mule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A little raceme.</def>

<h1>Racemulose</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Ra*cem"u*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing in very small racemes.</def>

<h1>Racer</h1>
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<hw>Ra"cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, races, or contends in a race; esp., a race horse.</def>

<blockquote>And bade the nimblest <b>racer</b> seize the prize.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common American black snake.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>One of the circular iron or steel rails on which the chassis of a heavy gun is turned.</def>

<h1>Rach, Rache</h1>
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<hw><hw>Rach</hw>, <hw>Rache</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS.<ets>r\'91cc</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>rakki</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dog that pursued his prey by scent, as distinguished from the greyhound.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rachialgia</h1>
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<hw>Ra"chi*al"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ backbone + <?/ pain.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A painful affection of the spine; especially, Pott's disease; also, formerly, lead colic.</def>

<h1>Rachidian</h1>
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<hw>Ra*chid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Rachis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the rachis; spinal; vertebral. Same as <er>Rhachidian</er>.</def>

<h1>Rachilla</h1>
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<hw>Ra*chil"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Rhachilla</er>.</def>

<h1>Rachiodont</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Ra"chi*o*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rhachiodont</er>.</def>

<h1>Rachis</h1>
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<hw>Ra"chis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Rachises</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Rachides</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ <?/.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rhachis</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The spine; the vertebral column.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rhachis</er>.</def>

<h1>Rachitic</h1>
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<hw>Ra*chit"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rachitique</ets>. See <er>Rachitis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to rachitis; affected by rachitis; rickety.</def>

<h1>Rachitis</h1>
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<hw>Ra*chi"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), fr. <?/, <?/, the spine.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rhachitis</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Literally, inflammation of the spine, but commonly applied to the rickets. See <er>Rickets</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A disease which produces abortion in the fruit or seeds.</def>

<i>Henslow.</i>

<h1>Rachitome</h1>
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<hw>Ra"chi*tome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, the spine + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <def>A dissecting instrument for opening the spinal canal.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rachiotome</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Racial</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Ra"cial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a race or family of men; <as>as, the <ex>racial</ex> complexion</as>.</def>

<h1>Racily</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Ra"ci*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a racy manner.</def>

<h1>Raciness</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Ra"ci*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being racy; peculiar and piquant flavor.</def>

<blockquote>The general characteristics of his [Cobbett's] style were perspicuity, unequaled and inimitable; . . . a purity always simple, and <b>raciness</b> often elegant.
<i> London Times.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Racing</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Ra"cing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>a. & n.</tt> from <er>Race</er>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Racing crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an ocypodian.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rack</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as Arrack.</def>

<h1>Rack</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hracca</ets> neck, hinder part of the head; cf. AS. <ets>hraca</ets> throat, G. <ets>rachen</ets> throat, E. <ets>retch</ets>.]</ety> <def>The neck and spine of a fore quarter of veal or mutton.</def>

<h1>Rack</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Wreck</er>.]</ety> <def>A wreck; destruction.</def> <mark>[Obs., except in a few phrases.]</mark>

<cs><col>Rack and ruin</col>, <cd>destruction; utter ruin.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To go to rack</col>, <cd>to perish; to be destroyed. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> "All <i>goes to rack<i>." <i>Pepys</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rack</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. fr. Icel. <ets>rek</ets> drift, motion, and akin to <ets>reka</ets> to drive, and E. <ets>wrack</ets>, <ets>wreck</ets>. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>Thin, flying, broken clouds, or any portion of floating vapor in the sky.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The winds in the upper region, which move the clouds above, which we call the <b>rack</b>, . . . pass without noise.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And the night <b>rack</b> came rolling up.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rack</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To fly, as vapor or broken clouds.</def>

<h1>Rack</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Racked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Racking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Rack</er> that which stretches, or <er>Rock</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <def>To amble fast, causing a rocking or swaying motion of the body; to pace; -- said of a horse.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Rack</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fast amble.</def>

<h1>Rack</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>vin raqu\'82</ets> squeezed from the dregs of the grapes.]</ety> <def>To draw off from the lees or sediment, as wine.</def>

<blockquote>It is in common practice to draw wine or beer from the lees (which we call <b>racking</b>), whereby it will clarify much the sooner.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Rack vintage</col>, <cd>wine cleansed and drawn from the lees.</cd> <i>Cowell</i>.</cs>

<h1>Rack</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Probably fr. D.<ets>rek</ets>, <ets>rek</ets>bank, a rack, <ets>rekken</ets> to stretch; akin to G. <ets>reck</ets>, <ets>reck</ets>bank, a rack, <ets>recken</ets> to stretch, Dan. <ets>r\'91kke</ets>, Sw. <ets>r\'84cka</ets>, Icel. <ets>rekja</ets> to spread out, Goth. <ets>refrakjan</ets> to stretch out; cf. L. <ets>porrigere</ets>, Gr. <?/. <?/ Cf. <er>Right</er>, <tt>a.<tt>, <er>Ratch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An instrument or frame used for stretching, extending, retaining, or displaying, something.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An engine of torture, consisting of a large frame, upon which the body was gradually stretched until, sometimes, the joints were dislocated; -- formerly used judicially for extorting confessions from criminals or suspected persons.</def>

<blockquote>During the troubles of the fifteenth century, a <b>rack</b> was introduced into the Tower, and was occasionally used under the plea of political necessity.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An instrument for bending a bow</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A grate on which bacon is laid</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A frame or device of various construction for holding, and preventing the waste of, hay, grain, etc., supplied to beasts.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A frame on which articles are deposited for keeping or arranged for display; as, a clothes <i>rack</i>; a bottle <i>rack</i>, etc.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece or frame of wood, having several sheaves, through which the running rigging passes; -- called also <altname>rack block</altname>. Also, a frame to hold shot.</def> <sd>(g)</sd> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A frame or table on which ores are separated or washed</def>. <sd>(h)</sd> <def>A frame fitted to a wagon for carrying hay, straw, or grain on the stalk, or other bulky loads</def>. <sd>(i)</sd> <def>A distaff</def>.

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A bar with teeth on its face, or edge, to work with those of a wheel, pinion, or worm, which is to drive it or be driven by it.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is extorted; exaction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir E. Sandys.</i>

<cs><col>Mangle rack</col>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Mangle</er>. <tt>n.</tt></cd> -- <col>Rack block</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See def. 1 <sd>(f)</sd>, above.</cd> -- <col>Rack lashing</col>, <cd>a lashing or binding where the rope is tightened, and held tight by the use of a small stick of wood twisted around.</cd> -- <col>Rack rail</col> <fld>(Railroads)</fld>, <cd>a toothed rack, laid as a rail, to afford a hold for teeth on the driving wheel of locomotive for climbing steep gradients, as in ascending a mountain.</cd> -- <col>Rack saw</col>, <cd>a saw having wide teeth.</cd> -- <col>Rack stick</col>, <cd>the stick used in a rack lashing.</cd> -- <col>To be on the rack</col>, <cd>to suffer torture, physical or mental.</cd> -- <col>To live at rack and manger</col>, <cd>to live on the best at another's expense.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To put to the rack</col>, <cd>to subject to torture; to torment.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>A fit of the stone <b>puts</b> a king<b>to the rack</b>, and makes him as miserable as it does the meanest subject.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rack</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To extend by the application of force; to stretch or strain; specifically, to stretch on the rack or wheel; to torture by an engine which strains the limbs and pulls the joints.</def>

<blockquote>He was <b>racked</b> and miserably tormented.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To torment; to torture; to affect with extreme pain or anguish.</def>

<blockquote>Vaunting aloud but <b>racked</b> with deep despair.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To stretch or strain, in a figurative sense; hence, to harass, or oppress by extortion.</def>

<blockquote>The landlords there shamefully <b>rack</b> their tenants.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They [landlords] <b>rack</b> a Scripture simile beyond the true intent thereof.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Try what my credit can in Venice do;
That shall be <b>racked</b> even to the uttermost.
<i> Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To wash on a rack, as metals or ore.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To bind together, as two ropes, with cross turns of yarn, marline, etc.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To rack one's brains</col> &or; <col>wits</col></mcol>, <cd>to exert them to the utmost for the purpose of accomplishing something.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To torture; torment; rend; tear.</syn>

<h1>Rackabones</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack"a*bones`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A very lean animal, esp. a horse.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Racker</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who racks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A horse that has a racking gait.</def>

<h1>Racket</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>raquette</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>raquets</ets>, It. <ets>racchetta</ets>, which is perhaps for <ets>retichetta</ets>, and fr. L. <ets>rete</ets> a net (cf. <er>Reticule</er>); or perh. from the Arabic; cf. Ar. <ets>r\'beha</ets> the palm of the hand (used at first to strike the ball), and OF. <ets>rachette</ets>, <ets>rasquette</ets>, carpus, tarsus.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>racquet</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thin strip of wood, having the ends brought together, forming a somewhat elliptical hoop, across which a network of catgut or cord is stretched. It is furnished with a handle, and is used for catching or striking a ball in tennis and similar games.</def>

<blockquote>Each one [of the Indians] has a bat curved like a crosier, and ending in a <b>racket</b>.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A variety of the game of tennis played with peculiar long-handled rackets; -- chiefly in the plural.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A snowshoe formed of cords stretched across a long and narrow frame of light wood.</def> <mark>[Canada]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A broad wooden shoe or patten for a man horse, to enable him to step on marshy or soft ground.</def>

<cs><col>Racket court</col>, <cd>a court for playing the game of rackets.</cd></cs>

<h1>Racket</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack"et</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To strike with, or as with, a racket.</def>

<blockquote>Poor man [is] <b>racketed</b> from one temptation to another.
<i>Hewyt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Racket</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack"et</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>racaid</ets> a noise, disturbance.]</ety><sd>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>confused, clattering noise; din; noisy talk or sport.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A carouse; any reckless dissipation.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Racket</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack"et</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Racketed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Racketing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a confused noise or racket.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To engage in noisy sport; to frolic.</def>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To carouse or engage in dissipation.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Racketer</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack"et*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes, or engages in, a racket.</def>

<h1>Rackett</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack"ett</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An old wind instrument of the double bassoon kind, having ventages but not keys.</def>

<h1>Racket-tall</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack"et-tall</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of humming birds of the genus <spn>Steganura</spn>, having two of the tail feathers very long and racket-shaped.</def>

<h1>Racket-talled</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack"et-talled`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having long and spatulate, or racket-shaped, tail feathers.</def>

<h1>Rackety</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack"et*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making a tumultuous noise.</def>

<h1>Racking</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Spun yarn used in racking ropes.</def>

<h1>Rack-rent</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack"-rent`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rent of the full annual value of the tenement, or near it; an excessive or unreasonably high rent.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Rack-rent</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack"-rent`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To subject to rack-rent, as a farm or tenant.</def>

<h1>Rack-renter</h1>
<Xpage=1182>

<hw>Rack"-rent`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is subjected to playing rack-rent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who exacts rack-rent.</def>

<hr>
<page="1183">
Page 1183<p>

<h1>Racktail</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Rack"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Horol.)</fld> <def>An arm attached to a swinging notched arc or rack, to let off the striking mechanism of a repeating clock.</def>

<h1>Rackwork</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Rack"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any mechanism having a rack, as a rack and pinion.</def>

<h1>Racle</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra"cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Rakel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Racleness</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra"cle*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Rakelness</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Raconteur</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra`con`teur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A relater; a storyteller.</def>

<h1>Racoonda</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra*coon"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From a native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The coypu.</def>

<h1>Racovian</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra*co"vi*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Racow</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of Socinians or Unitarians in Poland.</def>

<h1>Racquet</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Rac"quet</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Racket</er>.</def>

<h1>Racy</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra"cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Racier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Raciest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Race</er> a tribe, family.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a strong flavor indicating origin; of distinct characteristic taste; tasting of the soil; hence, fresh; rich.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>racy</b> wine,
Late from the mellowing cask restored to light.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Exciting to the mental taste by a strong or distinctive character of thought or language; peculiar and piquant; fresh and lively.</def>

<blockquote>Our <b>raciest</b>, most idiomatic popular word.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Burn's English, though not so <b>racy</b> as his Scotch, is generally correct.
<i>H. Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The rich and <b>racy</b> humor of a natural converser fresh from the plow.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Spicy; spirited; lively; smart; piquant.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Racy</er>, <er>Spicy</er>. <i>Racy</i> refers primarily to that peculiar flavor which certain wines are supposed to derive from the soil in which the grapes were grown; and hence we call a style or production <i>racy</i> when it "smacks of the soil," or has an uncommon degree of natural freshness and distinctiveness of thought and language. <i>Spicy</i>, when applied, has reference to a spirit and pungency added by art, seasoning the matter like a condiment. It does not, like <i>racy</i>, suggest native peculiarity. A <i>spicy</i> article in a magazine; a <i>spicy</i> retort. <i>Racy</i> in conversation; a <i>racy</i> remark.</usage>

<blockquote>Rich, <b>racy</b> verses, in which we
The soil from which they come, taste, smell, and see.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rad</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Rad</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Read</er>, <er>Rede</er>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Radde</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Rad"de</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Read</er>, <er>Rede</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Raddle</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Rad"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>r\'84der</ets>, <ets>r\'84del</ets>, sieve, or perhaps E. <ets>reed</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A long, flexible stick, rod, or branch, which is interwoven with others, between upright posts or stakes, in making a kind of hedge or fence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A hedge or fence made with raddles; -- called also <altname>raddle hedge</altname>.</def>

<i>Todd.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An instrument consisting of a woodmen bar, with a row of upright pegs set in it, used by domestic weavers to keep the warp of a proper width, and prevent tangling when it is wound upon the beam of the loom.</def>

<h1>Raddle</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Rad"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To interweave or twist together.</def>

<blockquote><b>Raddling</b> or working it up like basket work.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Raddle</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Rad"dle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Ruddle</er>.]</ety> <def>A red pigment used in marking sheep, and in some mechanical processes; ruddle.</def> "A <i>ruddle</i> of rouge."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Raddle</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Rad"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mark or paint with, or as with, raddle</def>.  "Whitened and <b>raddled</b> old women."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Raddock</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Rad"dock</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ruddock.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Rade</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Rade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A raid.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Radeau</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra`deau"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A float; a raft.</def>

<blockquote>Three vessels under sail, and one at anchor, above Split Rock, and behind it the <b>radeau</b> Thunderer.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Radial</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra"di*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>radial</ets>. See <er>Radius</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a radius or ray; consisting of, or like, radii or rays; radiated; <as>as, <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <ex>radial</ex> projections; <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <ex>radial</ex> vessels or canals; <fld>(Anat.)</fld> the <ex>radial</ex> artery</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Radial symmetry</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Symmetry</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Radiale</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra`di*a"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Radialia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Radial</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The bone or cartilage of the carpus which articulates with the radius and corresponds to the scaphoid bone in man.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Radial plates in the calyx of a crinoid.</def>

<h1>Radially</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra"di*al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a radial manner.</def>

<h1>Radian</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Radius</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An arc of a circle which is equal to the radius, or the angle measured by such an arc.</def>

<h1>Radiance, Radiancy</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw><hw>Ra"di*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ra"di*an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being radiant; brilliancy; effulgence; vivid brightness; <as>as, the <ex>radiance</ex> of the sun</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Girt with omnipotence, with <b>radiance</b> crowned.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What <b>radiancy</b> of glory,
What light beyond compare !
<i>Neale.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Luster; brilliancy; splendor; glare; glitter.</syn>

<h1>Radiant</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra"di*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>radians</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>radiare</ets> to emit rays or beams, fr. <ets>radius</ets> ray: cf. F. <ets>radiant</ets>. See <er>Radius</er>, <er>Ray</er> a divergent line.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Emitting or proceeding as from a center; <mark>[U.S.]</mark> rays; radiating; radiate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Especially, emitting or darting rays of light or heat; issuing in beams or rays; beaming with brightness; emitting a vivid light or splendor; <as>as, the <ex>radiant</ex> sun</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Mark what <b>radiant</b> state she spreads.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Beaming with vivacity and happiness; <as>as, a <ex>radiant</ex> face</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Giving off rays; -- said of a bearing; <as>as, the sun <ex>radiant</ex>; a crown <ex>radiant</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a raylike appearance, as the large marginal flowers of certain umbelliferous plants; -- said also of the cluster which has such marginal flowers.</def>

<cs><col>Radiant energy</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>energy given out or transmitted by radiation, as in the case of light and radiant heat.</cd> -- <col>Radiant heat</col>, <cd>proceeding in right lines, or directly from the heated body, after the manner of light, in distinction from heat <i>conducted<i> or carried by intervening media.</cd> -- <col>Radiant point</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Radiant</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd></cs>

<h1>Radiant</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra"di*ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The luminous point or object from which light emanates; also, a body radiating light brightly.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A straight line proceeding from a given point, or fixed pole, about which it is conceived to revolve.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The point in the heavens at which the apparent paths of shooting stars meet, when traced backward, or whence they appear to radiate.</def>

<h1>Radiantly</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra"di*ant*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a radiant manner; with glittering splendor.</def>

<h1>Radiary</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra"di*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>radiaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A radiate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Radiata</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra`di*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>radiatus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Radiate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive artificial group of invertebrates, having all the parts arranged radially around the vertical axis of the body, and the various organs repeated symmetrically in each ray or spheromere.</def>

<note>&hand; It includes the c&oe;lenterates and the echinoderms. Formerly, the group was supposed to be a natural one, and was considered one of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom.</note>

<h1>Radiate</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra"di*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Radiated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Radiating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>radiatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>radiare</ets> to furnish with spokes or rays, to radiate, fr. <ets>radius</ets>. See <er>Radius</er>, <er>Ray</er> a divergent line.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To emit rays; to be radiant; to shine.</def>

<blockquote>Virtues shine more clear
In them [kings], and <b>radiant</b> like the sun at noon.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To proceed in direct lines from a point or surface; to issue in rays, as light or heat.</def>

<blockquote>Light <b>radiates</b> from luminous bodies directly to our eyes.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Radiate</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra"di*ate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To emit or send out in direct lines from a point or points; <as>as, to <ex>radiate</ex> heat</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enlighten; to illuminate; to shed light or brightness on; to irradiate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Radiate</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra"di*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>radiatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having rays or parts diverging from a center; radiated; <as>as, a <ex>radiate</ex> crystal</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having in a capitulum large ray florets which are unlike the disk florets, as in the aster, daisy, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Radiata.</def>

<h1>Radiate</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra"di*ate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Radiata.</def>

<h1>Radiated</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra"di*a`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Emitted, or sent forth, in rays or direct lines; <as>as, <ex>radiated</ex> heat</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formed of, or arranged like, rays or radii; having parts or markings diverging, like radii, from a common center or axis; <as>as, a <ex>radiated</ex> structure; a <ex>radiated</ex> group of crystals.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the Radiata.</def>

<h1>Radiately</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra"di*ate*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a radiate manner; with radiation or divergence from a center.</def>

<h1>Radi-ate-veined</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra"di-ate-veined`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the principal veins radiating, or diverging, from the apex of the petiole; -- said of such leaves as those of the grapevine, most maples, and the castor-oil plant.</def>

<h1>Radiatiform</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra`di*at"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the marginal florets enlarged and radiating but not ligulate, as in the capitula or heads of the cornflower,</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Radiation</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra`di*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>radiatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>radiation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of radiating, or the state of being radiated; emission and diffusion of rays of light; beamy brightness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like the diverging rays of light; <as>as, the <ex>radiation</ex> of heat</as>.</def>

<h1>Radiative</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra"di*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of radiating; acting by radiation.</def>

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Radiator</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Ra"di*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which radiates or emits rays, whether of light or heat; especially, that part of a heating apparatus from which the heat is radiated or diffused; <as>as, a stream <ex>radiator</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Radical</h1>
<Xpage=1183>

<hw>Rad"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>radicalis</ets> having roots, fr. <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, a root. See <er>Radix</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the root; proceeding directly from the root.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Of or pertaining to the root or origin; reaching to the center, to the foundation to the ultimate sources to the principles, or the like: original; fundamental; thorough-going; unsparing; extreme; <as>as, <ex>radical</ex> evils; <ex>radical</ex> reform; a <ex>radical</ex> party.</as></def>

<blockquote>The most determined exertions of that authority, against them, only showed their <b>radical</b> independence.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Belonging to, or proceeding from, the root of a plant; <as>as, <ex>radical</ex> tubers or hairs</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Proceeding from a rootlike stem, or one which does not rise above the ground; <as>as, the <ex>radical</ex> leaves of the dandelion and the sidesaddle flower</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>Relating, or belonging, to the root, or ultimate source of derivation; <as>as, a <ex>radical</ex> verbal form</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a radix or root; <as>as, a <ex>radical</ex> quantity; a <ex>radical</ex> sign. See below.</as></def>

<cs><col>Radical axis of two circles</col>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Axis</er>.</cd> -- <col>Radical pitch</col>, <cd>the pitch or tone with which the utterance of a syllable begins. <i>Rush</i>.</cd> -- <col>Radical quantity</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>a quantity to which the radical sign is prefixed; specifically, a quantity which is not a perfect power of the degree indicated by the radical sign; a surd.</cd> -- <col>Radical sign</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the sign &root; (originally the letter <i>r<i>, the initial of <i>radix<i>, root), placed before any quantity, denoting that its root is to be extracted; thus, &root;<it>a<it>, or &root;(<it>a<it> + <it>b<it>). To indicate any other than the square root, a corresponding figure is placed over the sign; thus &cuberoot;<it>a<it>, indicates the third or cube root of <it>a.<it></cd> -- <col>Radical stress</col> <fld>(Elocution)</fld>, <cd>force of utterance falling on the initial part of a syllable or sound.</cd> -- <col>Radical vessels</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>minute vessels which originate in the substance of the tissues.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Primitive; original; natural; underived; fundamental; entire.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Radical</er>, <er>Entire</er>. These words are frequently employed as interchangeable in describing some marked alternation in the condition of things. There is, however, an obvious difference between them. A <i>radical</i> cure, reform, etc., is one which goes to the root of the thing in question; and it is <i>entire</i>, in the sense that, by affecting the root, it affects in a appropriate degree the <i>entire</i> body nourished by the root; but it may not be <i>entire</i> in the sense of making a change complete in its nature, as well as in its extent. Hence, we speak of a <i>radical</i> change; a <i>radical</i> improvement; <i>radical</i> differences of opinion; while an <i>entire</i> change, an <i>entire</i> improvement, an <i>entire</i> difference of opinion, might indicate more than was actually intended. A certain change may be both <i>radical</i> and <i>entire</i>, in every sense.</usage>

<h1>Radical</h1>
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<hw>Rad"i*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A primitive word; a radix, root, or simple, underived, uncompounded word; an etymon.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A primitive letter; a letter that belongs to the radix.</def>

<blockquote>The words we at present make use of, and understand only by common agreement, assume a new air and life in the understanding, when you trace them to their <b>radicals</b>, where you find every word strongly stamped with nature; full of energy, meaning, character, painting, and poetry.
<i>Cleland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Politics)</fld> <def>One who advocates radical changes in government or social institutions, especially such changes as are intended to level class inequalities; -- opposed to <i>conservative</i>.</def>

<blockquote>In politics they [the Independents] were, to use phrase of their own time. "Root-and-Branch men," or, to use the kindred phrase of our own, <b>Radicals</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A characteristic, essential, and fundamental constituent of any compound; hence, sometimes, an atom.</def>

<blockquote>As a general rule, the metallic atoms are basic <b>radicals</b>, while the nonmetallic atoms are acid <b>radicals</b>.
<i>J. P. Cooke.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> Specifically, a group of two or more atoms, not completely saturated, which are so linked that their union implies certain properties, and are conveniently regarded as playing the part of a single atom; a residue; -- called also a <altname>compound radical</altname>. Cf. <er>Residue</er>.

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>A radical quantity. See under <er>Radical</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<blockquote>An indicated root of a perfect power of the degree indicated is not a <b>radical</b> but a rational quantity under a radical form.
<i>Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. )</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A radical vessel. See under <er>Radical</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Radicalism</h1>
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<hw>Rad"i*cal*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>radicalisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being radical; specifically, the doctrines or principles of radicals in politics or social reform.</def>

<blockquote><b>Radicalism</b> means root work; the uprooting of all falsehoods and abuses.
<i>F. W. Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Radicality</h1>
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<hw>Rad`i*cal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Germinal principle; source; origination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Radicalness; relation to root in essential to a root in essential nature or principle.</def>

<h1>Radically</h1>
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<hw>Rad"i*cal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a radical manner; at, or from, the origin or root; fundamentally; <as>as, a scheme or system <ex>radically</ex> wrong or defective</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without derivation; primitively; essentially.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>These great orbs thus <b>radically</b> bright.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Radicalness</h1>
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<hw>Rad"i*cal*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality or state of being radical.</def>

<h1>Radicant</h1>
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<hw>Rad"i*cant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>radicans</ets>, p. pr.: cf. F. <ets>radicant</ets>. See <er>Radicate</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Taking root on, or above, the ground; rooting from the stem, as the trumpet creeper and the ivy.</def>

<h1>Radicate</h1>
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<hw>Rad"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>radicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>radicari</ets> to take root, fr. <ets>radix</ets>. See <er>Radix</er>.]</ety> <def>Radicated.</def>

<h1>Radicate</h1>
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<hw>Rad"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take root; to become rooted.</def>

<i>Evelyn.</i>

<h1>Radicate</h1>
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<hw>Rad"i*cate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Radicated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Radicating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause to take root; to plant deeply and firmly; to root.</def>

<blockquote>Time should . . . rather confirm and <b>radicate</b> in us the remembrance of God's goodness.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Radicated</h1>
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<hw>Rad"i*ca`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rooted</def>; specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having roots, or possessing a well-developed root</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having rootlike organs for attachment.</def>

<h1>Radication</h1>
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<hw>Rad`i*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>radication</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The process of taking root, or state of being rooted; <as>as, the <ex>radication</ex> of habits</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The disposition of the roots of a plant.</def>

<h1>Radicel</h1>
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<hw>Rad"i*cel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dim. of <ets>radix</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small branch of a root; a rootlet.</def>

<h1>Radiciflorous</h1>
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<hw>Ra*dic`i*flo"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, root + <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, a flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Rhizanthous.</def>

<h1>Radiciform</h1>
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<hw>Ra*dic"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the nature or appearance of a radix or root.</def>

<h1>Radicle</h1>
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<hw>Rad"i*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>radicula</ets>, dim. of <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, root: cf. F. <ets>radicule</ets>. See <er>Radix</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rudimentary stem of a plant which supports the cotyledons in the seed, and from which the root is developed downward; the stem of the embryo; the caulicle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A rootlet; a radicel.</def>

<h1>Radicular</h1>
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<hw>Ra*dic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or performance to roots, or the root of a plant.</def>

<h1>Radicule</h1>
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<hw>Rad"i*cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A radicle.</def>

<h1>Radiculose</h1>
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<hw>Ra*dic"u*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing numerous radicles, or rootlets.</def>

<h1>Radii</h1>
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<hw>Ra"di*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>, <def><tt>pl.</tt> of <er>Radius</er>.</def>

<h1>Radio-</h1>
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<hw>Ra"di*o-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A combining form indicating <i>connection with</i>, or <i>relation to</i>, <i>a radius</i> or <i>ray</i>; specifically <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <i>with the radius of the forearm</i>; <as>as, <ex>radio</ex>-ulnar, <ex>radio</ex>muscular, <ex>radio</ex>carpal</as>.</def>

<h1>Radio-flagellata</h1>
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<hw>Ra`di*o-flag`el*la"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Radiate</er>, and <er>Flagellata</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Protozoa having both flagella and pseudopodia.</def>

<h1>Radiograph</h1>
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<hw>Ra"di*o*graph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Phys.)</fld> <def>A picture produced by the R\'94ntgen rays upon a sensitive surface, photographic or fluorescent, especially a picture of opaque objects traversed by the rays.</def><-- also X-ray photo or X-ray -->

<hr>
<page="1184">
Page 1184<p>

<h1>Radiolaria</h1>
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<hw>Ra`di*o*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Radioli</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Order of rhizopods, usually having a siliceous skeleton, or shell, and sometimes radiating spicules. The pseudopodia project from the body like rays. It includes the polycystines. See <er>Polycystina</er>.</def>

<h1>Radiolarian</h1>
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<hw>Ra`di*o*la"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Radiolaria.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Radiolaria.</def></def2>

<h1>Radioli</h1>
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<hw>Ra*di"o*li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Radiolus</singw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></sing>. <ety>[NL., dim. of L. <ets>radius</ets> radius: cf. L. <ets>radiolus</ets> a feeble sunbeam.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The barbs of the radii of a feather; barbules.</def>

<h1>Radiolite</h1>
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<hw>Ra"di*o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>radius</ets> ray + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F. <ets>radiolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A hippurite.</def>

<h1>Radiometer</h1>
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<hw>Ra`di*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>radius</ets> radius + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F. <ets>radiom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A forestaff.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument designed for measuring the mechanical effect of radiant energy.</def>

<note>&hand; It consists of a number of light discs, blackened on one side, placed at the ends of extended arms, supported on an a pivot in an exhausted glass vessel. When exposed to rays of light or heat, the arms rotate.</note>

<h1>Radiomicrometer</h1>
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<hw>Ra`di*o*mi*crom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + <ets>micrometer</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A very sensitive modification or application of the thermopile, used for indicating minute changes of radiant heat, or temperature.</def>

<h1>Radiophone</h1>
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<hw>Ra"di*o*phone</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <ety>[<ets>Radio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ sound.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An apparatus for the production of sound by the action of luminous or thermal rays. It is essentially the same as the photophone.</def>

<-- 2. a telephone using radio waves -->

<h1>Radiophony</h1>
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<hw>Ra`di*oph"o*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The art or practice of using the radiophone.</def>

<h1>Radious</h1>
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<hw>Ra"di*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>radiosus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Consisting of rays, and light.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Berkeley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Radiating; radiant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>G. Fletcher.</i>

<h1>Radish</h1>
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<hw>Rad"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>radis</ets>; cf. It. <ets>radice</ets>, Pr. <ets>raditz</ets>: all fr. L. <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, a root, an edible root, especially a radish, akin to E. <ets>wort</ets>. See <er>Wort</er>, and cf. <er>Eradicate</er>, <er>Race</er> a root, <er>Radix</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pungent fleshy root of a well-known cruciferous plant (<spn>Paphanus sativus</spn>); also, the whole plant.</def>

<cs><col>Radish fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small two-winged fly (<spn>Anthomyia raphani</spn>) whose larv\'91 burrow in radishes. It resembles the onion fly.</cd> -- <col>Rat-tailed radish</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an herb (<spn>Raphanus caudatus</spn>) having a long, slender pod, which is sometimes eaten.</cd> -- <col>Wild radish</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the jointed charlock.</cd></cs>

<h1>Radius</h1>
<Xpage=1184>

<hw>Ra"di*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Radii</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>; E. <plw>Radiuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a staff, rod, spoke of a wheel, radius, ray. See <er>Ray</er> a divergent line.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A right line drawn or extending from the center of a circle to the periphery; the semidiameter of a circle or sphere.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The preaxial bone of the forearm, or brachium, corresponding to the tibia of the hind limb. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Artiodactyla</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The radius is on the same side of the limb as the thumb, or pollex, and in man it so articulated that its lower end is capable of partial rotation about the ulna.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A ray, or outer floret, of the capitulum of such plants as the sunflower and the daisy. See <er>Ray</er>, 2.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The barbs of a perfect.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Radiating organs, or color-markings, of the radiates.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The movable limb of a sextant or other angular instrument.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<cs><col>Radius bar</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a bar pivoted at one end, about which it swings, and having its other end attached to a piece which it causes to move in a circular arc.</cd> -- <col>Radius of curvature</col>. <cd>See under <er>Curvature</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Radius vector</h1>
<Xpage=1184>

<hw>Ra"di*us vec"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A straight line (or the length of such line) connecting any point, as of a curve, with a fixed point, or pole, round which the straight line turns, and to which it serves to refer the successive points of a curve, in a system of polar co\'94rdinates. See <er>Co\'94rdinate</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An ideal straight line joining the center of an attracting body with that of a body describing an orbit around it, as a line joining the sun and a planet or comet, or a planet and its satellite.</def>

<h1>Radix</h1>
<Xpage=1184>

<hw>Ra"dix</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Radices</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, E. <plw>Radixes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>radix</ets>, <ets>-icis</ets>, root. See <er>Radish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>A primitive, from which spring other words; a radical; a root; an etymon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A number or quantity which is arbitrarily made the fundamental number of any system; a base. <as>Thus, 10 is the <ex>radix</ex>, or base, of the common system of logarithms, and also of the decimal system of numeration</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>A finite expression, from which a series is derived.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The root of a plant.</def>

<h1>Radula</h1>
<Xpage=1184>

<hw>Rad"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Radul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a scraper, fr. <ets>radere</ets> to scrape.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The chitinous ribbon bearing the teeth of mollusks; -- called also <altname>lingual ribbon</altname>, and <altname>tongue</altname>. See <er>Odontophore</er>.</def>

<h1>Raduliform</h1>
<Xpage=1184>

<hw>Ra*du"li*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>radula</ets> a scraper + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rasplike; <as>as, <ex>raduliform</ex> teeth</as>.</def>

<h1>Raff</h1>
<Xpage=1184>

<hw>Raff</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Raffed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Raffing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>raffer</ets>, of German origin; cf. G. <ets>raffen</ets>; akin to E. <ets>rap</ets> to snatch. See <er>Rap</er>, and cf. <er>Riffraff</er>, <er>Rip</er> to tear.]</ety> <def>To sweep, snatch, draw, or huddle together; to take by a promiscuous sweep.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Causes and effects which I thus <b>raff</b> up together.
<i>Carew.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Raff</h1>
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<hw>Raff</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A promiscuous heap; a jumble; a large quantity; lumber; refuse.</def> "A <i>raff</i> of errors."

<i>Barrow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sweepings of society; the rabble; the mob; -- chiefly used in the compound or duplicate, <i>riffraff</i>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A low fellow; a churl.</def>

<cs><col>Raff merchant</col>, <cd>a dealer in lumber and odd refuse. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Raffaelesque</h1>
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<hw>Raf`fa*el*esque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Raphaelesque.</def>

<h1>Raffia</h1>
<Xpage=1184>

<hw>Raf"fi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fibrous material used for tying plants, said to come from the leaves of a palm tree of the genus <spn>Raphia</spn>.</def>

<i>J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).</i>

<h1>Raffinose</h1>
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<hw>Raf"fi*nose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>raffiner</ets> to refine.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless crystalline slightly sweet substance obtained from the molasses of the sugar beet.</def>

<h1>Raffish</h1>
<Xpage=1184>

<hw>Raff"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resembling, or having the character of, raff, or a raff; worthless; low.</def>

<blockquote>A sad, <b>raffish</b>, disreputable character.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Raffle</h1>
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<hw>Raf"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rafle</ets>; <ets>faire rafle</ets> to sweep stakes, fr. <ets>rafter</ets> to carry or sweep away, <ets>rafler tout</ets> to sweep stakes; of German origin; cf. G. <ets>raffeln</ets> to snatch up, to rake. See <er>Raff</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of lottery, in which several persons pay, in shares, the value of something put up as a stake, and then determine by chance (as by casting dice) which one of them shall become the sole possessor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A game of dice in which he who threw three alike won all the stakes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Raffle</h1>
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<hw>Raf"fle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Raffled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Raffling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To engage in a raffle; <as>as, to <ex>raffle</ex> for a watch</as>.</def>

<h1>Raffle</h1>
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<hw>Raf"fle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dispose of by means of a raffle; -- often followed by <i>off</i>; <as>as, to <ex>raffle</ex> off a horse</as>.</def>

<h1>Raffler</h1>
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<hw>Raf"fler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who raffles.</def>

<h1>Rafflesia</h1>
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<hw>Raf*fle"si*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. Named from its discoverer, Sir S. <ets>Raffle<?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of stemless, leafless plants, living parasitically upon the roots and stems of grapevines in Malaysia. The flowers have a carrionlike odor, and are very large, in one species (<spn>Rafflesia Arnoldi</spn>) having a diameter of two or three feet.</def>

<h1>Raft</h1>
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<hw>Raft</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Reave</er>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Raft</h1>
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<hw>Raft</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Originally, a rafter, spar, and fr. Icel. <ets>raptr</ets> a rafter; akin to Dan. <ets>raft</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>raff</ets> a rafter, spar; cf. OHG. <ets>r\'befo</ets>, <ets>r\'bevo</ets>, a beam, rafter, Icel. <ets>r\'bef</ets> roof. Cf. <er>Rafter</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A collection of logs, boards, pieces of timber, or the like, fastened, together, either for their own collective conveyance on the water, or to serve as a support in conveying other things; a float.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A collection of logs, fallen trees, etc. (such as is formed in some Western rivers of the United States), which obstructs navigation.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Perhaps akin to <ets>raff</ets> a heap.]</ety> <def>A large collection of people or things taken indiscriminately.</def> <mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark> "A whole <i>raft</i> of folks."

<i>W. D. Howells.</i>

<cs><col>Raft bridge</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A bridge whose points of support are rafts</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A bridge that consists of floating timbers fastened together.</cd> -- <col>Raft duck</col>. <ety>[The name alludes to its swimming in dense flocks.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The bluebill, or greater scaup duck; -- called also <altname>flock duck</altname>. See <er>Scaup</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The redhead.</cd> -- <col>Raft port</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a large, square port in a vessel's side for loading or unloading timber or other bulky articles; a timber or lumber port.</cd></cs>

<h1>Raft</h1>
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<hw>Raft</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rafted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rafting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To transport on a raft, or in the form of a raft; to make into a raft; <as>as, to <ex>raft</ex> timber</as>.</def>

<h1>Rafte</h1>
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<hw>Raf"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Reave</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Rafter</h1>
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<hw>Raft"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A raftsman.</def>

<h1>Rafter</h1>
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<hw>Raft"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>r\'91fter</ets>; akin to E. <ets>raft</ets>, n. See <er>Raft</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Originally, any rough and somewhat heavy piece of timber. Now, commonly, one of the timbers of a roof which are put on sloping, according to the inclination of the roof. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Queen-post</er>.</def>

<blockquote>[Courtesy] oft is sooner found in lowly sheds,
With smoky <b>rafters</b>, than in tapestry halls.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rafter</h1>
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<hw>Raft"er</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make into rafters, as timber.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish with rafters, as a house.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>To plow so as to turn the grass side of each furrow upon an unplowed ridge; to ridge.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Rafting</h1>
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<hw>Raft"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The business of making or managing rafts.</def>

<h1>Raftsman</h1>
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<hw>Rafts"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Raftsmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man engaged in rafting.</def>

<h1>Rafty</h1>
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<hw>Raf"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Perhaps akin to G. <ets>reif</ets> hoarfrost.]</ety> <def>Damp; musty.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Rag</h1>
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<hw>Rag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>r\'91gja</ets> to calumniate, OHG, <ets>ruogen</ets> to accuse, G. <ets>r\'81gen</ets> to censure, AS. <ets>wr&emac;gan</ets>, Goth. <ets>wr&omac;hjan</ets> to accuse.]</ety> <def>To scold or rail at; to rate; to tease; to torment; to banter.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Pegge.</i>

<h1>Rag</h1>
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<hw>Rag</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ragge</ets>, probably of Scand, origin; cf. Icel. <ets>r\'94gg</ets> rough hair. Cf. <er>Rug</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A piece of cloth torn off; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred; a tatter; a fragment.</def>

<blockquote>Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers, tossed,
And fluttered into <b>rags</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Not having otherwise any <b>rag</b> of legality to cover the shame of their cruelty.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Hence, mean or tattered attire; worn-out dress.</def>

<blockquote>And virtue, though in <b>rags</b>, will keep me warm.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A shabby, beggarly fellow; a ragamuffin.</def>

<blockquote>The other zealous <b>rag</b> is the compositor.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Upon the proclamation, they all came in, both tag and <b>rag</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A coarse kind of rock, somewhat cellular in texture.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Metal Working)</fld> <def>A ragged edge.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A sail, or any piece of canvas.</def> <mark>[Nautical Slang]</mark>

<blockquote>Our ship was a clipper with every <b>rag</b> set.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Rag bolt</col>, <cd>an iron pin with barbs on its shank to retain it in place.</cd> -- <col>Rag carpet</col>, <cd>a carpet of which the weft consists of narrow of cloth sewed together, end to end.</cd> -- <col>Rag dust</col>, <cd>fine particles of ground-up rags, used in making papier-mach\'82 and wall papers.</cd> -- <col>Rag wheel</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A chain wheel; a sprocket wheel</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A polishing wheel made of disks of cloth clamped together on a mandrel.</cd> -- <col>Rag wool</col>, <cd>wool obtained by tearing woolen rags into fine bits, shoddy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rag</h1>
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<hw>Rag</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ragged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ragging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To become tattered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rag</h1>
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<hw>Rag</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To break (ore) into lumps for sorting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cut or dress roughly, as a grindstone.</def>

<h1>Ragabash, Ragabrash</h1>
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<hw><hw>Rag"a*bash`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Rag"a*brash`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>An idle, ragged person.</def>

<i>Nares. Grose.</i>

<h1>Ragamuffin</h1>
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<hw>Rag`a*muf"fin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>Ragamofin</ets>, the name of a demon in some of the old mysteries.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A paltry or disreputable fellow; a mean which.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A person who wears ragged clothing.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The long-tailed titmouse.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Rage</h1>
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<hw>Rage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>rabies</ets>, fr. <ets>rabere</ets> to rave; cf. Skr. <ets>rabh</ets> to seize, <ets>rabhas</ets> violence. Cf. <er>Rabid</er>, <er>Rabies</er>, <er>Rave</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Violent excitement; eager passion; extreme vehemence of desire, emotion, or suffering, mastering the will.</def> "In great <i>rage</i> of pain."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>He appeased the <b>rage</b> of hunger with some scraps of broken meat.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Convulsed with a <b>rage</b> of grief.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Especially, anger accompanied with raving; overmastering wrath; violent anger; fury.</def>

<blockquote>torment, and loud lament, and furious <b>rage</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A violent or raging wind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The subject of eager desire; that which is sought after, or prosecuted, with unreasonable or excessive passion; <as>as, to be all the <ex>rage</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Anger; vehemence; excitement; passion; fury. See <er>Anger</er>.</syn>

<h1>Rage</h1>
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<hw>Rage</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Raged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Raging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>ragier</ets>. See <er>Rage</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be furious with anger; to be exasperated to fury; to be violently agitated with passion.</def> "Whereat he inly <i>raged</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>When one so great begins to <b>rage</b>, he a hunted
Even to falling.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be violent and tumultuous; to be violently driven or agitated; to act or move furiously; <as>as, the <ex>raging</ex> sea or winds</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Why do the heathen <b>rage</b> ?
<i>Ps. ii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The madding wheels
Of brazen chariots <b>raged</b>; dire was the noise.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To ravage; to prevail without restraint, or with destruction or fatal effect; <as>as, the plague <ex>raged</ex> in Cairo</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To toy or act wantonly; to sport.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To storm; fret; chafe; fume.</syn>

<h1>Rage</h1>
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<hw>Rage</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To enrage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Rageful</h1>
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<hw>Rage"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of rage; expressing rage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Rageful</i> eyes."

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Ragery</h1>
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<hw>Ra"ger*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Wantonness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ragged</h1>
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<hw>Rag"ged</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Rag</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rent or worn into tatters, or till the texture is broken; <as>as, a <ex>ragged</ex> coat; a <ex>ragged</ex> sail.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Broken with rough edges; having jags; uneven; rough; jagged; <as>as, <ex>ragged</ex> rocks</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, harsh and disagreeable to the ear; dissonant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "A <i>ragged</i> noise of mirth."

<i>Herbert.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Wearing tattered clothes; <as>as, a <ex>ragged</ex> fellow</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Rough; shaggy; rugged.</def>

<blockquote>What shepherd owns those <b>ragged</b> sheep ?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ragged lady</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the fennel flower (<spn>Nigella Damascena</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Ragged robin</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Lychnis</spn> (<spn>L. Flos-cuculi</spn>), cultivated for its handsome flowers, which have the petals cut into narrow lobes.</cd> -- <col>Ragged sailor</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>prince's feather (<spn>Polygonum orientale</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Ragged school</col>, <cd>a free school for poor children, where they are taught and in part fed; -- a name given at first because they came in their common clothing. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rag"ged*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Rag"ged*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Raggie, &or; Raggy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Rag"gie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Rag"gy</hw><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ragged; rough.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A stony and <i>raggie</i> hill."

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Raghuvansa</h1>
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<hw>Ragh`u*van"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>Raguva&msdot;&cced;a</ets>.]</ety> <def>A celebrated Sanskrit poem having for its subject the Raghu dynasty.</def>

<h1>Raging</h1>
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<hw>Ra"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>a. & n.</tt> from <er>Rage</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ra"*ging*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ragious</h1>
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<hw>Ra"gious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Raging; furious; rageful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Ra"gious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Raglan</h1>
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<hw>Rag"lan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A loose overcoat with large sleeves; -- named from Lord <i>Raglan</i>, an English general.</def>

<h1>Ragman</h1>
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<hw>Rag"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ragmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>A man who collects, or deals in, rags.</def>

<h1>Ragman</h1>
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<hw>Rag"man</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ragman's roll</er>.]</ety> <def>A document having many names or numerous seals, as a papal bull.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Ragman's roll</h1>
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<hw>Rag"man's roll`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[For <ets>ragman roll</ets> a long list of names, the devil's roll or list; where <ets>ragman</ets> is of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. <ets>ragmenni</ets> a craven person, Sw. <ets>raggen</ets> the devil. Icel. <ets>ragmenni</ets> is fr. <ets>ragr</ets> cowardly (another form of <ets>argr</ets>, akin to AS. <ets>earg</ets> cowardly, vile, G. <ets>arg</ets> bad) + <ets>menni</ets> (in comp.) man, akin to E. <ets>man</ets>. See <er>Roll</er>, and cf. <er>Rigmarole</er>.]</ety> <def>The rolls of deeds on parchment in which the Scottish nobility and gentry subscribed allegiance to Edward I. of England, <sc>A. D.</sc> 1296.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>ragman-roll</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ragout</h1>
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<hw>Ra*gout"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rago\'96t</ets>, fr. <ets>rago\'96ter</ets> to restore one's appetite, fr. L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>ad</ets> to + <ets>gustare</ets> to taste, <ets>gustus</ets> taste. See <er>Gust</er> relish.]</ety> <def>A dish made of pieces of meat, stewed, and highly seasoned; <as>as, a <ex>ragout</ex> of mutton</as>.</def>

<h1>Ragpicker</h1>
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<hw>Rag"pick`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gets a living by picking up rags and refuse things in the streets.</def>

<h1>Raguled, Ragguled</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ra*guled"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Rag*guled"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>raguer</ets> to chafe, fret, rub, or E. <ets>rag</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Notched in regular diagonal breaks; -- said of a line, or a bearing having such an edge.</def>

<hr>
<page="1185">
Page 1185<p>

<h1>Ragweed</h1>
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<hw>Rag"weed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A common American composite weed (<spn>Ambrosia artemisi\'91folia</spn>) with finely divided leaves; hogweed.</def>

<cs><col>Great ragweed</col>, <cd>a coarse American herb (<spn>Ambrosia trifida</spn>), with rough three-lobed opposite leaves.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ragwork</h1>
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<hw>Rag"work`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>A kind of rubblework. In the United States, any rubblework of thin and small stones.</def>

<h1>Ragwort</h1>
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<hw>Rag"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several species of the composite genus <spn>Senecio</spn>.</def>

<note>&hand; <spn>Senecio aureus</spn> is the golden ragwort of the United States: <spn>S. elegans</spn> is the purple ragwort of South Africa.</note>

<h1>Raia</h1>
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<hw>Ra"ia</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a ray. Cf. <er>Ray</er> the fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of rays which includes the skates. See <er>Skate</er>.</def>

<h1>Rai\'91</h1>
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<hw>Ra"i\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Raia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The order of elasmobranch fishes which includes the sawfishes, skates, and rays; -- called also <altname>Raj\'91</altname>, and <altname>Rajii</altname>.</def>

<h1>Raid</h1>
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<hw>Raid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>rei&edh;</ets> a riding, raid; akin to E. <ets>road</ets>. See <er>Road</er> a way.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hostile or predatory incursion; an inroad or incursion of mounted men; a sudden and rapid invasion by a cavalry force; a foray.</def>

<blockquote>Marauding chief! his sole delight.
The moonlight <b>raid</b>, the morning fight.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There are permanent conquests, temporary occupation, and occasional <b>raids</b>.
<i>H. Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; A Scottish word which came into common use in the United States during the Civil War, and was soon extended in its application.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An attack or invasion for the purpose of making arrests, seizing property, or plundering; <as>as, a <ex>raid</ex> of the police upon a gambling house; a <ex>raid</ex> of contractors on the public treasury.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Raid</h1>
<Xpage=1185>

<hw>Raid</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Raided</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Raiding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a raid upon or into; <as>as, two regiments <ex>raided</ex> the border counties</as>.</def>

<h1>Raider</h1>
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<hw>Raid"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who engages in a raid.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Rail</h1>
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<hw>Rail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>reil</ets>, <ets>re\'f4el</ets>, AS. <ets>hr\'91gel</ets>, <ets>hr\'91gl</ets> a garment; akin to OHG. <ets>hregil</ets>, OFries. <ets>hreil</ets>.]</ety> <def>An outer cloak or covering; a neckerchief for women.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Rail</h1>
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<hw>Rail</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>To flow forth; to roll out; to course.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Streams of tears from her fair eyes forth <b>railing</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rail</h1>
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<hw>Rail</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to LG. & Sw. <ets>regel</ets> bar, bolt, G. <ets>riegel</ets> a rail, bar, or bolt, OHG, <ets>rigil</ets>, <ets>rigel</ets>, bar, bolt, and possibly to E. <ets>row</ets> a line.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A bar of timber or metal, usually horizontal or nearly so, extending from one post or support to another, as in fences, balustrades, staircases, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A horizontal piece in a frame or paneling. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Style</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A bar of steel or iron, forming part of the track on which the wheels roll. It is usually shaped with reference to vertical strength, and is held in place by chairs, splices, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The stout, narrow plank that forms the top of the bulwarks.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The light, fencelike structures of wood or metal at the break of the deck, and elsewhere where such protection is needed.</def>

<cs><col>Rail fence</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fence</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rail guard</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A device attached to the front of a locomotive on each side for clearing the rail obstructions</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A guard rail</cd>. See under <er>Guard</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rail joint</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a splice connecting the adjacent ends of rails, in distinction from a <i>chair<i>, which is merely a seat. The two devices are sometimes united. Among several hundred varieties, the <i>fish joint<i> is standard. See <cref>Fish joint</cref>, under <er>Fish</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rail train</col> <fld>(Iron & Steel Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a train of rolls in a rolling mill, for making rails for railroads from blooms or billets.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rail</h1>
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<hw>Rail</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Railed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Railing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To inclose with rails or a railing.</def>

<blockquote>It ought to be fenced in and <b>railed</b>.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To range in a line.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They were brought to London all <b>railed</b> in ropes, like a team of horses in a cart.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rail</h1>
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<hw>Rail</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'83le</ets>, fr. <ets>r\'83ler</ets> to have a rattling in the throat; of German origin, and akin to E. <ets>rattle</ets>. See <er>Rattle</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of limicoline birds of the family <spn>Rallid\'91</spn>, especially those of the genus <spn>Rallus</spn>, and of closely allied genera. They are prized as game birds.</def>

<note>&hand; The common European water rail (<spn>Rallus aquaticus</spn>) is called also <stype>bilcock</stype>, <stype>skitty coot</stype>, and <stype>brook runner</stype>. The best known American species are the clapper rail, or salt-marsh hen (<spn>Rallus lonqirostris</spn>, var. <spn>crepitans</spn>); the king, or red-breasted, rail (<spn>R. elegans</spn>) (called also <stype>fresh-water marshhen</stype>); the lesser clapper, or Virginia, rail (<spn>R. Virginianus</spn>); and the Carolina, or sora, rail (<spn>Porzana Carolina</spn>). See <er>Sora</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Land rail</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the corncrake.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rail</h1>
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<hw>Rail</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>railler</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>rallar</ets> to grate, scrape, molest; perhaps fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>radiculare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>radere</ets> to scrape, grate. Cf. <er>Rally</er> to banter, <er>Rase</er>.]</ety> <def>To use insolent and reproachful language; to utter reproaches; to scoff; followed by <i>at</i> or <i>against</i>, formerly by <i>on</i>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>And <b>rail</b> at arts he did not understand.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lesbia forever on me <b>rails</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rail</h1>
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<hw>Rail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rail at.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move or influence by railing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Rail</b> the seal from off my bond.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Railer</h1>
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<hw>Rail"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rails; one who scoffs, insults, censures, or reproaches with opprobrious language.</def>

<h1>Railing</h1>
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<hw>Rail"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expressing reproach; insulting.</def>

<blockquote>Angels which are greater in power and might, bring not <b>railing</b> accusation against them.
<i>2 Pet. ii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Railing</h1>
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<hw>Rail"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A barrier made of a rail or of rails.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rails in general; also, material for making rails.</def>

<h1>Railingly</h1>
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<hw>Rail"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With scoffing or insulting language.</def>

<h1>Railery</h1>
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<hw>Rail"er*y</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>raillerie</ets>, fr. <ets>railler</ets>. See <er>Rail</er> to scoff.]</ety> <def>Pleasantry or slight satire; banter; jesting language; satirical merriment.</def>

<blockquote>Let <b>raillery</b> be without malice or heat.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Studies employed on low objects; the very naming of them is sufficient to turn them into <b>raillery</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Railleur</h1>
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<hw>Rail`leur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A banterer; a jester; a mocker.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Wycherley.</i>

<h1>Railroad, Railway</h1>
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<hw><hw>Rail"road`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Rail"way`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A road or way consisting of one or more parallel series of iron or steel rails, patterned and adjusted to be tracks for the wheels of vehicles, and suitably supported on a bed or substructure.</def>

<note>&hand; The modern railroad is a development and adaptation of the older tramway.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The road, track, etc., with al the lands, buildings, rolling stock, franchises, etc., pertaining to them and constituting one property; <as>as, certain <ex>railroad</ex> has been put into the hands of a receiver</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Railway</i> is the commoner word in England; <i>railroad</i> the commoner word in the United States.</note>

<note>&hand; In the following and similar phrases <i>railroad</i> and <i>railway</i> are used interchangeably: --</note>

<cs><mcol><col>Atmospheric railway</col>, <col>Elevated railway</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under <er>Atmospheric</er>, <er>Elevated</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Cable railway</col>. <cd>See <cref>Cable road</cref>, under <er>Cable</er>.</cd> -- <col>Perry railway</col>, <cd>a submerged track on which an elevated platform runs, fro carrying a train of cars across a water course.</cd> -- <col>Gravity railway</col>, <cd>a railway, in a hilly country, on which the cars run by gravity down gentle slopes for long distances after having been hauled up steep inclines to an elevated point by stationary engines.</cd> -- <col>Railway brake</col>, <cd>a brake used in stopping railway cars or locomotives.</cd> -- <col>Railway car</col>, <cd>a large, heavy vehicle with flanged wheels fitted for running on a railway.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Railway carriage</col>, <cd>a railway passenger car.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Railway scale</col>, <cd>a platform scale bearing a track which forms part of the line of a railway, for weighing loaded cars.</cd> -- <col>Railway slide</col>. <cd>See <cref>Transfer table</cref>, under <er>Transfer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Railway spine</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an abnormal condition due to severe concussion of the spinal cord, such as occurs in railroad accidents. It is characterized by ataxia and other disturbances of muscular function, sensory disorders, pain in the back, impairment of general health, and cerebral disturbance, -- the symptoms often not developing till some months after the injury.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Underground railroad</col> &or; <col>railway</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A railroad or railway running through a tunnel, as beneath the streets of a city</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Formerly, a system of co\'94peration among certain active antislavery people in the United States, by which fugitive slaves were secretly helped to reach Canada</cd>. <note>[In the latter sense <i>railroad<i>, and not <i>railway<i>, was used.]</note> "Their house was a principal <i>entrep\'93t<i> of the <i>underground railroad<i>." <i>W. D. Howells</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Railroading</h1>
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<hw>Rail"road`ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The construction of a railroad; the business of managing or operating a railroad.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Raiment</h1>
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<hw>Rai"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. <ets>arraiment</ets>. See <er>Array</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Clothing in general; vesture; garments; -- usually singular in form, with a collective sense.</def>

<blockquote>Living, both food and <b>raiment</b> she supplies.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An article of dress.</def> <mark>[R. or Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Rain</h1>
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<hw>Rain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>Reign.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Rain</h1>
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<hw>Rain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>rein</ets>, AS. <ets>regen</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>rein</ets>, D. & G. <ets>regen</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>regan</ets>, Icel., Dan., & Sw. <ets>regn</ets>, Goth. <ets>rign</ets>, and prob. to L. <ets>rigare</ets> to water, to wet; cf. Gr. <?/ to wet, to rain.]</ety> <def>Water falling in drops from the clouds; the descent of water from the clouds in drops.</def>

<blockquote><b>Rain</b> is water by the heat of the sun divided into very small parts ascending in the air, till, encountering the cold, it be condensed into clouds, and descends in drops.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fair days have oft contracted wind and <b>rain</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Rain</i> is distinguished from <i>mist</i> by the size of the drops, which are distinctly visible. When water falls in very small drops or particles, it is called <i>mist</i>; and <i>fog</i> is composed of particles so fine as to be not only individually indistinguishable, but to float or be suspended in the air. See <er>Fog</er>, and <er>Mist</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Rain band</col> <fld>(Meteorol.)</fld>, <cd>a dark band in the yellow portion of the solar spectrum near the sodium line, caused by the presence of watery vapor in the atmosphere, and hence sometimes used in weather predictions.</cd> -- <col>Rain bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the yaffle, or green woodpecker. <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> The name is also applied to various other birds, as to <spn>Saurothera vetula</spn> of the West Indies.</cd> -- <col>Rain fowl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the channel-bill cuckoo (<spn>Scythrops Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91</spn>) of Australia.</cd> -- <col>Rain gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument of various forms measuring the quantity of rain that falls at any given place in a given time; a pluviometer; an ombrometer.</cd> -- <col>Rain goose</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the red-throated diver, or loon.</cd> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Rain prints</col></mcol> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>markings on the surfaces of stratified rocks, presenting an appearance similar to those made by rain on mud and sand, and believed to have been so produced.</cd> -- <col>Rain quail</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Quail</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</cd> -- <col>Rain water</col>, <cd>water that has fallen from the clouds in rain.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rain</h1>
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<hw>Rain</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Raining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>regnian</ets>, akin to G. <ets>regnen</ets>, Goth. <ets>rignjan</ets>. See <er>Rain</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fall in drops from the clouds, as water; used mostly with <i>it</i> for a nominative; <as>as, it <ex>rains</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The rain it <b>raineth</b> every day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fall or drop like water from the clouds; <as>as, tears <ex>rained</ex> from their eyes</as>.</def>

<h1>Rain</h1>
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<hw>Rain</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pour or shower down from above, like rain from the clouds.</def>

<blockquote>Then said the Lord unto Moses, Behold, I will <b>rain</b> bread from heaven for you.
<i>Ex. xvi. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bestow in a profuse or abundant manner; <as>as, to <ex>rain</ex> favors upon a person</as>.</def>

<h1>Rainbow</h1>
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<hw>Rain"bow`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>regenboga</ets>, akin to G. <ets>regenbogen</ets>. See <er>Rain</er>, and <er>Bow</er> anything bent,]</ety> <def>A bow or arch exhibiting, in concentric bands, the several colors of the spectrum, and formed in the part of the hemisphere opposite to the sun by the refraction and reflection of the sun's rays in drops of falling rain.</def>

<note>&hand; Besides the ordinary bow, called also <i>primary rainbow</i>, which is formed by two refractions and one reflection, there is also another often seen exterior to it, called the <i>secondary rainbow</i>, concentric with the first, and separated from it by a small interval. It is formed by two refractions and two reflections, is much fainter than the primary bow, and has its colors arranged in the reverse order from those of the latter.</note>

<cs><col>Lunar rainbow</col>, <cd>a fainter arch or rainbow, formed by the moon.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Marine rainbow</col>, &or; <col>Sea bow</col></mcol>, <cd>a similar bow seen in the spray of waves at sea.</cd> -- <col>Rainbow trout</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright-colored trout (<spn>Salmoirideus</spn>), native of the mountains of California, but now extensively introduced into the Eastern States. Japan, and other countries; -- called also <altname>brook trout</altname>, <altname>mountain trout</altname>, and <altname>golden trout</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Rainbow wrasse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Wrasse</er>.</cd> -- <col>Supernumerary rainbow</col>, <cd>a smaller bow, usually of red and green colors only, sometimes seen within the primary or without the secondary rainbow, and in contact with them.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rainbowed</h1>
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<hw>Rain"bowed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed with or like a rainbow.</def>

<h1>Raindeer</h1>
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<hw>Rain"deer`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Reindeer</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Raindrop</h1>
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<hw>Rain"drop`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A drop of rain.</def>

<h1>Rainfall</h1>
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<hw>Rain"fall`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fall or descent of rain; the water, or amount of water, that falls in rain; <as>as, the average annual <ex>rainfall</ex> of a region</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Supplied by the <b>rainfall</b> of the outer ranges of Sinchul and Singaleleh.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Raininess</h1>
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<hw>Rain"i*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being rainy.</def>

<h1>Rainless</h1>
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<hw>Rain"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of rain; <as>as, a <ex>rainless</ex> region</as>.</def>

<h1>Rain-tight</h1>
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<hw>Rain"-tight`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>So tight as to exclude rain as, a <i>rain-tight</i> roof.</def>

<h1>Rainy</h1>
<Xpage=1185>

<hw>Rain"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>regenig</ets>.]</ety> <def>Abounding with rain; wet; showery; <as>as, <ex>rainy</ex> day or season</as>.</def>

<h1>Raip</h1>
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<hw>Raip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>reip</ets> rope. Cf. <er>Rope</er>.]</ety> <def>A rope; also, a measure equal to a rod.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Rais</h1>
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<hw>Rais</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as 2d <er>Reis</er>.</def>

<h1>Raisable</h1>
<Xpage=1185>

<hw>Rais"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being raised.</def>

<h1>Raise</h1>
<Xpage=1185>

<hw>Raise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Raised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Raising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>reisen</ets>, Icel. <ets>reisa</ets>, causative of <ets>r\'c6sa</ets> to rise. See <er>Rise</er>, and cf. <er>Rear</er> to raise.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to rise; to bring from a lower to a higher place; to lift upward; to elevate; to heave; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> a stone or weight</as>.</def> Hence, figuratively: --

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>To bring to a higher condition or situation; to elevate in rank, dignity, and the like; to increase the value or estimation of; to promote; to exalt; to advance; to enhance; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> from a low estate; to <ex>raise</ex> to office; to <ex>raise</ex> the price, and the like</as></def>.

<blockquote>This gentleman came to be <b>raised</b> to great titles.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The plate pieces of eight were <b>raised</b> three pence in the piece.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To increase the strength, vigor, or vehemence of; to excite; to intensify; to invigorate; to heighten; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> the pulse; to <ex>raise</ex> the voice; to <ex>raise</ex> the spirits or the courage; to <ex>raise</ex> the heat of a furnace</as></def>.

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To elevate in degree according to some scale; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> the pitch of the voice; to <ex>raise</ex> the temperature of a room</as></def>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to rise up, or assume an erect position or posture; to set up; to make upright; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> a mast or flagstaff</as>.</def> Hence: --

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>To cause to spring up from recumbent position, from a state of quiet, or the like; to awaken; to arouse</def>.

<blockquote>They shall not awake, nor be <b>raised</b> out of their sleep.
<i>Job xiv. 12.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To rouse to action; to stir up; to incite to tumult, struggle, or war; to excite</def>.

<blockquote>He commandeth, and <b>raiseth</b> the stormy wind.
<i>Ps. cvii. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>\'92neas . . . employs his pains,
In parts remote, to <b>raise</b> the Tuscan swains.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To bring up from the lower world; to call up, as a spirit from the world of spirits; to recall from death; to give life to</def>.

<blockquote>Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God should <b>raise</b> the dead ?
<i>Acts xxvi. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to arise, grow up, or come into being or to appear; to give to; to originate, produce, cause, effect, or the like.</def> Hence, specifically: --

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>To form by the accumulation of materials or constituent parts; to build up; to erect; as, to <i>raise</i> a lofty structure, a wall, a heap of stones</def>.

<blockquote>I will <b>raise</b> forts against thee.
<i>Isa. xxxix. 3.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To bring together; to collect; to levy; to get together or obtain for use or service; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> money, troops, and the like</as></def>. "To <i>raise</i> up a rent."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To cause to grow; to procure to be produced, bred, or propagated; to grow; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> corn, barley, hops, etc.; to<ex>raise</ex> cattle</as>.</def>  "He <i>raised</i> sheep."  "He <i>raised</i> wheat where none grew before."

<i>Johnson's Dict.</i>

<hr>
<page="1186">
Page 1186<p>

<note>&hand; In some parts of the United States, notably in the Southern States, <i>raise</i> in also commonly applied to the rearing or bringing up of children.</note>

<blockquote>I was <b>raised</b>, as they say in Virginia, among the mountains of the North.
<i>Paulding.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>To bring into being; to produce; to cause to arise, come forth, or appear; -- often with <i>up</i></def>.

<blockquote>I will <b>raise</b> them up a prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee.
<i>Deut. xviii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>God vouchsafes to <b>raise</b> another world
From him [Noah], and all his anger to forget.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>To give rise to; to set agoing; to occasion; to start; to originate; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> a smile or a blush</as></def>.

<blockquote>Thou shalt not <b>raise</b> a false report.
<i>Ex. xxiii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(f)</sd> <def>To give vent or utterance to; to utter; to strike up</def>.

<blockquote>Soon as the prince appears, they <b>raise</b> a cry.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(g)</sd> <def>To bring to notice; to submit for consideration; as, to <i>raise</i> a point of order; to <i>raise</i> an objection</def>.

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cause to rise, as by the effect of leaven; to make light and spongy, as bread.</def>

<blockquote>Miss Liddy can dance a jig, and <b>raise</b> paste.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To cause (the land or any other object) to seem higher by drawing nearer to it; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> Sandy Hook light</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To let go; <as>as in the command, <ex>Raise</ex> tacks and sheets, <it>i. e.</it>, Let go tacks and sheets</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To create or constitute; <as>as, to <ex>raise</ex> a use that is, to create it</as>.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<cs><col>To raise a blockade</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to remove or break up a blockade, either by withdrawing the ships or forces employed in enforcing it, or by driving them away or dispersing them.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To raise a check</col>, <col>note</col>, <col>bill of exchange</col></mcol>, <cd>etc., to increase fraudulently its nominal value by changing the writing, figures, or printing in which the sum payable is specified.</cd><-- or money order --> -- <col>To raise a siege</col>, <cd>to relinquish an attempt to take a place by besieging it, or to cause the attempt to be relinquished.</cd> -- <col>To raise steam</col>, <cd>to produce steam of a required pressure.</cd> -- <col>To raise the wind</col>, <cd>to procure ready money by some temporary expedient.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>To raise Cain</col>, &or; <col>To raise the devil</col></mcol>, <cd>to cause a great disturbance; to make great trouble. <mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To lift; exalt; elevate; erect; originate; cause; produce; grow; heighten; aggravate; excite.</syn>

<h1>Raised</h1>
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<hw>Raised</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lifted up; showing above the surroundings; <as>as, <ex>raised</ex> or embossed metal work</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Leavened; made with leaven, or yeast; -- used of bread, cake, etc., as distinguished from that made with cream of tartar, soda, etc.  See <er>Raise</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 4.</def>

<cs><col>Raised beach</col>. <cd>See under <er>Beach</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Raiser</h1>
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<hw>Rais"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, raises (in various senses of the verb).</def>

<h1>Raisin</h1>
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<hw>Rai"sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>raisin</ets> grape, raisin, L. <ets>racemus</ets> cluster of grapes or berries; cf. Gr.  <?/, <?/, berry, grape. Cf. <er>Raceme</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A grape, or a bunch of grapes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A grape dried in the sun or by artificial heat.</def>

<cs><col>Raisin tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the common red currant, whose fruit resembles the small raisins of Corinth called <i>currants<i>. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Dp. Prior.</i>

<h1>Raising</h1>
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<hw>Rais"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of lifting, setting up, elevating, exalting, producing, or restoring to life.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, the operation or work of setting up the frame of a building; <as>as, to help at a <ex>raising</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark><-- e.g., barn raising -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The operation of embossing sheet metal, or of forming it into cup-shaped or hollow articles, by hammering, stamping, or spinning.</def>

<cs><col>Raising bee</col>, <cd>a bee for raising the frame of a building. See <er>Bee</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2. <mark>[U.S.]</mark> <i>W. Irving</i>.</cd> -- <col>Raising hammer</col>, <cd>a hammer with a rounded face, used in raising sheet metal.</cd> -- <col>Raising plate</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>the plate, or longitudinal timber, on which a roof is raised and rests.</cd></cs>

<h1>Raisonn\'82</h1>
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<hw>Rai`son`n\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>raisonn\'82</ets>. p. p. of <ets>raisonner</ets> to reason.]</ety> <def>Arranged systematically, or according to classes or subjects; <as>as, a catalogue <ex>raisonn\'82</ex></as>. See under <er>Catalogue</er>.</def>

<h1>Raivel</h1>
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<hw>Rai"vel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A separator.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Raj</h1>
<Xpage=1186>

<hw>Raj</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Rajah</er>.]</ety> <def>Reign; rule.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Raja</h1>
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<hw>Ra"ja</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Rajah</er>.</def>

<h1>Rajah</h1>
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<hw>Ra"jah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>r\'bej\'be</ets>, Skr. <ets>r\'bejan</ets>, akin to L. <ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>. See <er>Regal</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>A native prince or king; also, a landholder or person of importance in the agricultural districts.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Rajahship</h1>
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<hw>Ra"jah*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or dignity of a rajah.</def>

<h1>Rajpoot, Rajput</h1>
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<hw><hw>Raj`poot"</hw>, <hw>Raj`put"</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>r\'bej-p&umac;t</ets>, Skr. <ets>r\'beja-putra</ets> king's son.]</ety> <def>A Hindoo of the second, or royal and military, caste; a Kshatriya; especially, an inhabitant of the country of Rajpootana, in northern central India.</def>

<h1>Rake</h1>
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<hw>Rake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>race</ets>; akin to OD. <ets>rake</ets>, D. <ets>reek</ets>, OHG, <ets>rehho</ets>, G. <ets>rechen</ets>, Icel, <ets>reka</ets> a shovel, and to Goth. <ets>rikan</ets> to heap up, collect, and perhaps to Gr. <?/ to stretch out, and E. <ets>rack</ets> to stretch. Cf. <er>Reckon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An implement consisting of a headpiece having teeth, and a long handle at right angles to it, -- used for collecting hay, or other light things which are spread over a large surface, or for breaking and smoothing the earth.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A toothed machine drawn by a horse, -- used for collecting hay or grain; a horserake.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Perhaps a different word.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A fissure or mineral vein traversing the strata vertically, or nearly so; -- called also <altname>rake-vein</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Gill rakes</col>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <cd>See under 1st <er>Gill</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rake</h1>
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<hw>Rake</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Raked</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Raking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>racian</ets>. See 1st <er>Rake</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To collect with a rake; <as>as, to <ex>rake</ex> hay</as>; -- often with <i>up</i>; <as>as, he <ex>raked</ex> up the fallen leaves</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> Hence: <def>To collect or draw together with laborious industry; to gather from a wide space; to scrape together; <as>as, to <ex>rake</ex> together wealth; to <ex>rake</ex> together slanderous tales; to <ex>rake</ex> together the rabble of a town.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pass a rake over; to scrape or scratch with a rake for the purpose of collecting and clearing off something, or for stirring up the soil; <as>as, to <ex>rake</ex> a lawn; to <ex>rake</ex> a flower bed.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To search through; to scour; to ransack.</def>

<blockquote>The statesman <b>rakes</b> the town to find a plot.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To scrape or scratch across; to pass over quickly and lightly, as a rake does.</def>

<blockquote>Like clouds that <b>rake</b> the mountain summits.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To enfilade; to fire in a direction with the length of; in naval engagements, to cannonade, as a ship, on the stern or head so that the balls range the whole length of the deck.</def>

<cs><col>To rake up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To collect together, as the fire (live coals), and cover with ashes</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To bring up; to search out an bring to notice again; as, <i>to rake up<i> old scandals.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rake</h1>
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<hw>Rake</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To use a rake, as for searching or for collecting; to scrape; to search minutely.</def>

<blockquote>One is for <b>raking</b> in Chaucer for antiquated words.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To pass with violence or rapidity; to scrape along.</def>

<blockquote>Pas could not stay, but over him did <b>rake</b>.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rake</h1>
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<hw>Rake</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. dial. Sw. <ets>raka</ets> to reach, and E. <ets>reach</ets>.]</ety> <def>To inclination of anything from a perpendicular direction; <as>as, the <ex>rake</ex> of a roof, a staircase, etc</as>.</def>; especially <fld>(Naut.</xex)</fld>, <def>the inclination of a mast or tunnel, or, in general, of any part of a vessel not perpendicular to the keel.</def>

<h1>Rake</h1>
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<hw>Rake</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To incline from a perpendicular direction; <as>as, a mast <ex>rakes</ex> aft</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Raking course</col> <fld>(Bricklaying)</fld>, <cd>a course of bricks laid diagonally between the face courses in a thick wall, to strengthen.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rake</h1>
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<hw>Rake</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>rakel</ets> rash; cf. Icel. <ets>reikall</ets> wandering, unsettled, <ets>reika</ets> to wander.]</ety> <def>A loose, disorderly, vicious man; a person addicted to lewdness and other scandalous vices; a debauchee; a rou\'82.</def>

<blockquote>Am illiterate and frivolous old <b>rake</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rake</h1>
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<hw>Rake</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <ety>[Icel. <ets>reika</ets>. Cf. <er>Rake</er> a debauchee.]</ety> <def>To walk about; to gad or ramble idly.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[See <er>Rake</er> a debauchee.]</ety> <def>To act the rake; to lead a dissolute, debauched life.</def>

<i>Shenstone.</i>

<cs><col>To rake out</col> <fld>(Falconry)</fld>, <cd>to fly too far and wide from its master while hovering above waiting till the game is sprung; -- said of the hawk.</cd></cs>

<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>

<h1>Rakehell</h1>
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<hw>Rake"hell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Rakel</er>.]</ety> <def>A lewd, dissolute fellow; a debauchee; a rake.</def>

<blockquote>It seldom doth happen, in any way of life, that a sluggard and a <b>rakehell</b> do not go together.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rakehell, Rakehelly</h1>
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<hw><hw>Rake"hell`</hw>, <hw>Rake"hell`y</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dissolute; wild; lewd; rakish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser. B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Rakel</h1>
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<hw>Ra"kel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. See <er>Rake</er> a debauchee.]</ety> <def>Hasty; reckless; rash.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ra"kel*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Raker</h1>
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<hw>Rak"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 1st <er>Rake</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, rakes</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A person who uses a rake</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A machine for raking grain or hay by horse or other power</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A gun so placed as to rake an enemy's ship.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Gill rakers</cref>, under 1st <er>Gill</er>.</def>

<h1>Rakery</h1>
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<hw>Rak"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Debauchery; lewdness.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>rakery</b> and intrigues of the lewd town.
<i>R. North.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rakeshame</h1>
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<hw>Rake"shame`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Rakehell</er>, <er>Ragabash</er>.]</ety> <def>A vile, dissolute wretch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Rakestale</h1>
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<hw>Rake"stale`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rake</ets> the instrument + <ets>stale</ets> a handle.]</ety> <def>The handle of a rake.</def>

<blockquote>That tale is not worth a <b>rakestele</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rake-vein</h1>
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<hw>Rake"-vein`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Rake</er>, a mineral vein.</def>

<h1>Raking</h1>
<Xpage=1186>

<hw>Rak"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of using a rake; the going over a space with a rake.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A space gone over with a rake; also, the work done, or the quantity of hay, grain, etc., collected, by going once over a space with a rake.</def>

<h1>Rakish</h1>
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<hw>Rak"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Dissolute; lewd; debauched.</def>

<blockquote>The arduous task of converting a <b>rakish</b> lover.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rakish</h1>
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<hw>Rak"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Having a saucy appearance indicative of speed and dash.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Rakishly</h1>
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<hw>Rak"ish*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a rakish manner.</def>

<h1>Rakishness</h1>
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<hw>Rak"ish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being rakish.</def>

<h1>Raku ware</h1>
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<hw>Ra"ku ware`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>A kind of earthenware made in Japan, resembling Satsuma ware, but having a paler color.</def>

<h1>R\'83le</h1>
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<hw>R\'83le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'83le</ets>. Cf. <er>Rail</er> the bird.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An adventitious sound, usually of morbid origin, accompanying the normal respiratory sounds. See <er>Rhonchus</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; Various kinds are distinguished by pathologists; differing in intensity, as loud and small; in quality, as moist, dry, clicking, and sonorous; and in origin, as tracheal, pulmonary, and pleural.</note>

<h1>Rallentando</h1>
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<hw>Ral"len*tan"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Slackening; -- a direction to perform a passage with a gradual decrease in time and force; ritardando.</def>

<h1>Ralliance</h1>
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<hw>Ral"li*ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>raliance</ets>. See <er>Rally</er> to reunite.]</ety> <def>The act of rallying.</def>

<h1>Raillier</h1>
<Xpage=1186>

<hw>Rail"li*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rallies.</def>

<h1>Ralline</h1>
<Xpage=1186>

<hw>Ral"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the rails.</def>

<h1>Rally</h1>
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<hw>Ral"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rallied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rallying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>ralier</ets>, F. <ets>rallier</ets>, fr. L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>ad + ligare</ets> to bind. See <er>Ra-</er>, and 1st <er>Ally</er>.]</ety> <def>To collect, and reduce to order, as troops dispersed or thrown into confusion; to gather again; to reunite.</def>

<h1>Rally</h1>
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<hw>Ral"ly</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come into orderly arrangement; to renew order, or united effort, as troops scattered or put to flight; to assemble; to unite.</def>

<blockquote>The Grecians <b>rally</b>, and their powers unite.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Innumerable parts of matter chanced just then to <b>rally</b> together, and to form themselves into this new world.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To collect one's vital powers or forces; to regain health or consciousness; to recuperate.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To recover strength after a decline in prices; -- said of the market, stocks, etc.</def>

<h1>Rally</h1>
<Xpage=1186>

<hw>Ral"ly</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rallies</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of rallying (in any of the senses of that word).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A political mass meeting.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Rally</h1>
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<hw>Ral"ly</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>railler</ets>. See <er>Rail</er> to scoff.]</ety> <def>To attack with raillery, either in good humor and pleasantry, or with slight contempt or satire.</def>

<blockquote>Honeycomb . . . <b>raillies</b> me upon a country life.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Strephon had long confessed his amorous pain.
Which gay Corinna <b>rallied</b> with disdain.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To banter; ridicule; satirize; deride; mock.</syn>

<h1>Rally</h1>
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<hw>Ral"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To use pleasantry, or satirical merriment.</def>

<h1>Rally</h1>
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<hw>Ral"ly</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Good-humored raillery.</def>

<h1>Ralph</h1>
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<hw>Ralph</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A name sometimes given to the raven.</def>

<h1>Ralstonite</h1>
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<hw>Ral"ston*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So named after J. G. <ets>Ralston</ets> of Norristown, Penn.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A fluoride of alumina and soda occurring with the Greenland cryolite in octahedral crystals.</def>

<h1>Ram</h1>
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<hw>Ram</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ramm</ets>, <ets>ram</ets>; akin to OHG. & D. <ets>ram</ets>, Prov. G. <ets>ramm</ets>, and perh. to Icel. <ets>ramr</ets> strong.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The male of the sheep and allied animals. In some parts of England a ram is called a <i>tup</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Aries, the sign of the zodiac which the sun enters about the 21st of March.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The constellation Aries, which does not now, as formerly, occupy the sign of the same name.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An engine of war used for butting or battering.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In ancient warfare, a long beam suspended by slings in a framework, and used for battering the walls of cities; a battering-ram</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A heavy steel or iron beak attached to the prow of a steam war vessel for piercing or cutting down the vessel of an enemy; also, a vessel carrying such a beak.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A hydraulic ram. See under <er>Hydraulic</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The weight which strikes the blow, in a pile driver, steam hammer, stamp mill, or the like.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The plunger of a hydraulic press.</def>

<cs><col>Ram's horn</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <cd>A low semicircular work situated in and commanding a ditch</cd>. <altsp>[Written also <asp>ramshorn<asp>.]</altsp> <i>Farrow</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <cd>An ammonite.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ram</h1>
<Xpage=1186>

<hw>Ram</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rammed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ramming</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To butt or strike against; to drive a ram against or through; to thrust or drive with violence; to force in; to drive together; to cram; <as>as, to <ex>ram</ex> an enemy's vessel; to <ex>ram</ex> piles, cartridges, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>[They] <b>rammed</b> me in with foul shirts, and smocks, socks, foul stockings, greasy napkins.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fill or compact by pounding or driving.</def>

<blockquote>A ditch . . . was filled with some sound materials, and <b>rammed</b> to make the foundation solid.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ramadan</h1>
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<hw>Ram`a*dan"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>ramad\'ben</ets>, or <ets>ramaz\'ben</ets>, properly, the hot month.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Ramadhan</asp>, <asp>Ramadzan</asp>, and <asp>Rhamadan</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The ninth Mohammedan month.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The great annual fast of the Mohammedans, kept during daylight through the ninth month.</def>

<h1>Ramage</h1>
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<hw>Ram"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>ramus</ets> a branch.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Boughs or branches.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Warbling of birds in trees.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drummond.</i>

<h1>Ramage</h1>
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<hw>Ra*mage"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wild; untamed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ramagious</h1>
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<hw>Ra*ma"gi*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wild; not tame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Now is he tame that was so <b>ramagious</b>.
<i>Remedy of Love.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ramal</h1>
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<hw>Ra"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ramus</ets> branch.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a ramus, or branch; rameal.</def>

<h1>Ramayana</h1>
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<hw>Ra*ma"ya*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Skr. <ets>R\'bem\'beyana</ets>.]</ety> <def>The more ancient of the two great epic poems in Sanskrit. The hero and heroine are Rama and his wife Sita.</def>

<h1>Ramberge</h1>
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<hw>Ram"berge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>rame</ets> oar + <ets>barge</ets> barge.]</ety> <def>Formerly, a kind of large war galley.</def>

<h1>Ramble</h1>
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<hw>Ram"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rambled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rambling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For <ets>rammle</ets>, fr. Prov. E. <ets>rame</ets> to roam. Cf. <er>Roam</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To walk, ride, or sail, from place to place, without any determinate object in view; to roam carelessly or irregularly; to rove; to wander; <as>as, to <ex>ramble</ex> about the city; to <ex>ramble</ex> over the world.</as></def>

<blockquote>He that is at liberty to <b>ramble</b> in perfect darkness, what is his liberty better than if driven up and down as a bubble by the wind?
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To talk or write in a discursive, aimless way.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To extend or grow at random.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To rove; roam; wander; range; stroll.</syn>

<h1>Ramble</h1>
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<hw>Ram"ble</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A going or moving from place to place without any determinate business or object; an excursion or stroll merely for recreation.</def>

<blockquote>Coming home, after a short Christians <b>ramble</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Cf. <er>Rammel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Coal Mining)</fld> <def>A bed of shale over the seam.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<-- 3. A section of woods suitable for liesurely walking.
    muskrat ramble -- a dance -->

<h1>Rambler</h1>
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<hw>Ram"bler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rambles; a rover; a wanderer.</def>

<h1>Rambling</h1>
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<hw>Ram"bling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Roving; wandering; discursive; <as>as, a <ex>rambling</ex> fellow, talk, or building</as>.</def>

<h1>Ramblingly</h1>
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<hw>Ram"bling*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a rambling manner.</def>

<h1>Rambooze</h1>
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<hw>Ram"booze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A beverage made of wine, ale (or milk), sugar, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Blount.</i>

<h1>Rambutan</h1>
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<hw>Ram*bu"tan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>ramb&umac;tan</ets>, fr. <ets>rambut</ets> hair of the head.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A Malayan fruit produced by the tree <spn>Nephelium lappaceum</spn>, and closely related to the litchi nut. It is bright red, oval in shape, covered with coarse hairs (whence the name), and contains a pleasant acid pulp. Called also <altname>ramboostan</altname>.</def>

<h1>Rameal</h1>
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<hw>Ra"me*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Ramal</er>.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Ramean</h1>
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<hw>Ra"me*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Ramist.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Ramed</h1>
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<hw>Ramed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the frames, stem, and sternpost adjusted; -- said of a ship on the stocks.</def>

<h1>Ramee</h1>
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<hw>Ram"ee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ramie</er>.</def>

<h1>Ramekin</h1>
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<hw>Ram"e*kin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ramequin</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rament</h1>
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<hw>Ram"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ramenta</ets>, pl.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A scraping; a shaving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ramenta</h1>
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<hw>Ra*men"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L., scrapings.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Thin brownish chaffy scales upon the leaves or young shoots of some plants, especially upon the petioles and leaves of ferns.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<hr>
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Page 1187<p>

<h1>Ramentaceous</h1>
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<hw>Ram`en*ta"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Covered with ramenta.</def>

<h1>Rameous</h1>
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<hw>Ra"me*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rameus</ets>, from <ets>ramus</ets> branch, bough.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Ramal.</def>

<h1>Ramequin</h1>
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<hw>Ram"e*quin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A mixture of cheese, eggs, etc., formed in a mold, or served on bread.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ramekin</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ramie</h1>
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<hw>Ram"ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From Malay.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The grasscloth plant (<spn>B&oe;hmeria nivea</spn>); also, its fiber, which is very fine and exceedingly strong; -- called also <altname>China grass</altname>, and <altname>rhea</altname>. See <cref>Grass-cloth plant</cref>, under <er>Grass</er>.</def>

<h1>Ramification</h1>
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<hw>Ram`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ramification</ets>. See <er>Ramify</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The process of branching, or the development or offshoots from a stem; also, the mode of their arrangement.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small branch or offshoot proceeding from a main stock or channel; <as>as, the <ex>ramifications</ex> of an artery, vein, or nerve</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A division into principal and subordinate classes, heads, or departments; also, one of the subordinate parts; <as>as, the <ex>ramifications</ex> a subject or scheme</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The production of branchlike figures.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Ramiflorous</h1>
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<hw>Ram`i*flo"rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ramus</ets> branch + <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Flowering on the branches.</def>

<h1>Ramiform</h1>
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<hw>Ram"i*form</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ramus</ets> branch + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a branch.</def>

<h1>Ramify</h1>
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<hw>Ram"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ramified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ramifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ramifier</ets>, LL. <ets>ramificare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ramus</ets> a branch + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>To divide into branches or subdivisions; <as>as, to <ex>ramify</ex> an art, subject, scheme</as>.</def>

<h1>Ramify</h1>
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<hw>Ram"i*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shoot, or divide, into branches or subdivisions, as the stem of a plant.</def>

<blockquote>When they [asparagus plants] . . . begin to <b>ramify</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be divided or subdivided, as a main subject.</def>

<h1>Ramigerous</h1>
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<hw>Ra*mig"er*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ramus</ets> a branch + <ets>-gerous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing branches; branched.</def>

<h1>Ramiparous</h1>
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<hw>Ra*mip"a*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ramus + parere</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing branches; ramigerous.</def>

<h1>Ramist</h1>
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<hw>Ra"mist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A follower of Pierre <i>Ram\'82</i>, better known as <i>Ramus</i>, a celebrated French scholar, who was professor of rhetoric and philosophy at Paris in the reign of Henry II., and opposed the Aristotelians.</def>

<h1>Ramline</h1>
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<hw>Ram"line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A line used to get a straight middle line, as on a spar, or from stem to stern in building a vessel.</def>

<h1>Rammel</h1>
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<hw>Ram"mel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Refuse matter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Filled with any rubbish, <b>rammel</b> and broken stones.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rammer</h1>
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<hw>Ram"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, rams or drives.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An instrument for driving anything force; <as>as, a <ex>rammer</ex> for driving stones or piles, or for beating the earth to more solidity</as></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A rod for forcing down the charge of a gun; a ramrod</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>An implement for pounding the sand of a mold to render it compact.</def>

<h1>Rammish</h1>
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<hw>Ram"mish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a ram; hence, rank; lascivious.</def> "Their savor is so <i>rammish</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Rammishness</h1>
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<hw>Ram"mish*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being rammish.</def>

<h1>Rammy</h1>
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<hw>Ram"my</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a ram; rammish.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Ramollescence</h1>
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<hw>Ram`ol*les"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ramollir</ets> to make soft, to soften; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>amollir</ets> to soften; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>mollir</ets> to soften, L. <ets>mollire</ets>, fr. <ets>mollis</ets> soft.]</ety> <def>A softening or mollifying.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ramoon</h1>
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<hw>Ra*moon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small West Indian tree (<spn>Trophis Americana</spn>) of the Mulberry family, whose leaves and twigs are used as fodder for cattle.</def>

<h1>Ramose</h1>
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<hw>Ra*mose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ramosus</ets>, from <ets>ramus</ets> a branch.]</ety> <def>Branched, as the stem or root of a plant; having lateral divisions; consisting of, or having, branches; full of branches; ramifying; branching; branchy.</def>

<h1>Ramous</h1>
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<hw>Ra"mous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ramose.</def>

<h1>Ramp</h1>
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<hw>Ramp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ramped</er> <tt>(?; 215)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ramping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ramper</ets> to creep, OF., to climb; of German origin; cf. G. <ets>raffen</ets> to snatch, LG. & D. <ets>rapen</ets>. See <er>Rap</er> to snatch, and cf. Romp.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To spring; to leap; to bound; to rear; to prance; to become rampant; hence, to frolic; to romp.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move by leaps, or by leaps; hence, to move swiftly or with violence.</def>

<blockquote>Their bridles they would champ,

<blockquote>And trampling the fine element would fiercely <b>ramp</b>.
<i> Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To climb, as a plant; to creep up.</def>

<blockquote>With claspers and tendrils, they [plants] catch hold, . . . and so <b>ramping</b> upon trees, they mount up to a great height.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ramp</h1>
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<hw>Ramp</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A leap; a spring; a hostile advance.</def>

<blockquote>The bold Ascalonite
Fled from his lion <b>ramp</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A highwayman; a robber.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A romping woman; a prostitute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Lyly.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>rampe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any sloping member, other than a purely constructional one, such as a continuous parapet to a staircase.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A short bend, slope, or curve, where a hand rail or cap changes its direction.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>rampe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>An inclined plane serving as a communication between different interior levels.</def>

<h1>Rampacious</h1>
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<hw>Ram*pa"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>High-spirited; rampageous.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Rampage</h1>
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<hw>Ramp"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ramp</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <def>Violent or riotous behavior; a state of excitement, passion, or debauchery; <as>as, to be on the <ex>rampage</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Prov. or Low.]</mark>

<i>Dickens.</i>

<h1>Rampage</h1>
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<hw>Ramp"age</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To leap or prance about, as an animal; to be violent; to rage.</def> <mark>[Prov. or Low]</mark>

<h1>Rampageous</h1>
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<hw>Ram*pa"geous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by violence and passion; unruly; rampant.</def> <mark>[Prov. or Low]</mark>

<blockquote>In the primitive ages of a <b>rampageous</b> antiquity.
<i>Galt.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rampallian</h1>
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<hw>Ram*pal"lian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <ets>ramp</ets> a prostitute, or <ets>rabble</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mean wretch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Rampancy</h1>
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<hw>Ramp"an*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being rampant; excessive action or development; exuberance; extravagance.</def> "They are come to this height and <i>rampancy</i> of vice."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Rampant</h1>
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<hw>Ramp"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. pr. of <ets>ramper</ets> to creep. See <er>Ramp</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ramping; leaping; springing; rearing upon the hind legs; hence, raging; furious.</def>

<blockquote>The fierce lion in his kind
Which goeth <b>rampant</b> after his prey.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[The] lion . . . <b>rampant</b> shakes his brinded mane.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ascending; climbing; rank in growth; exuberant.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>rampant</b> stalk is of unusual altitude.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Rising with fore paws in the air as if attacking; -- said of a beast of prey, especially a lion. The right fore leg and right hind leg should be raised higher than the left.</def>

<cs><col>Rampant arch</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An arch which has one abutment higher than the other</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Same as <cref>Rampant vault</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Rampant gardant</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>rampant, but with the face turned to the front.</cd> -- <col>Rampant regardant</col>, <cd>rampant, but looking backward.</cd> -- <col>Rampant vault</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a continuous wagon vault, or cradle vault, whose two abutments are located on an inclined planed plane, such as the vault supporting a stairway, or forming the ceiling of a stairway.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rampantly</h1>
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<hw>Ramp"ant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a rampant manner.</def>

<h1>Rampart</h1>
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<hw>Ram"part</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rempart</ets>, OF. <ets>rempar</ets>, fr. <ets>remparer</ets> to fortify, <ets>se remparer</ets> to fence or intrench one's self; <ets>re-</ets> re- pref. + pref. <ets>en-</ets> (L. <ets>in</ets>) + <ets>parer</ets> to defend, parry, prepare, L. <ets>parare</ets> to prepape. See <er>Pare</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which fortifies and defends from assault; that which secures safety; a defense or bulwark.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A broad embankment of earth round a place, upon which the parapet is raised. It forms the substratum of every permanent fortification.</def>

<i>Mahan.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Bulwark; fence; security; guard.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Rampart</er>, <er>Bulwark</er>. These words were formerly interchanged; but in modern usage a distinction has sprung up between them. The <i>rampart</i> of a fortified place is the enceinte or main embankment or wall which surrounds it. The term <i>bulwark</i> is now applied to peculiarly strong outworks which project for the defense of the <i>rampart</i>, or main work. A single bastion is a <i>bulwark</i>. In using these words figuratively, <i>rampart</i> is properly applied to that which protects by walling out; <i>bulwark</i> to that which stands in the forefront of danger, to meet and repel it. Hence, we speak of a distinguished individual as the <i>bulwark</i>, not the <i>rampart</i>, of the state. This distinction, however, is often disregarded.</usage>

<h1>Rampart</h1>
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<hw>Ram"part</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ramparted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ramparting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To surround or protect with, or as with, a rampart or ramparts.</def>

<blockquote>Those grassy hills, those glittering dells,
Proudly <b>ramparted</b> with rocks.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Rampart gun</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>a cannon or large gun for use on a rampart and not as a fieldpiece.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rampe</h1>
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<hw>Rampe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[In allusion to its supposed aphrodisiac qualities. See <er>Ramp</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> The cuckoopint.</def>

<h1>Rampier</h1>
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<hw>Ram"pier</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Rampart</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rampion</h1>
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<hw>Ram"pi*on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>raiponce</ets>, Sp. <ets>ruiponce</ets>, <ets>reponche</ets>, L. <ets>raperonzo</ets>, NL. <ets>rapuntium</ets>, fr. L. <ets>rapum</ets>, <ets>rapa</ets>, a turnip, rape. Cf. <er>Rape</er> a plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Campanula Rapunculus</spn>) of the Bellflower family, with a tuberous esculent root; -- also called <altname>ramps</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The name is sometimes given to plants of the genus <spn>Phyteuma</spn>, herds of the Bellflower family, and to the American evening primrose (<spn>Enothera biennis</spn>), which has run wild in some parts of Europe.</note>

<h1>Rampire</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ram"pire</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rampart.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The Trojans round the place a <b>rampire</b> cast.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rampire</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ram"pire</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fortify with a rampire; to form into a rampire.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> <i>Chapman</i>. "<i>Rampired</i> walls of gold."

<i>R. Browning.</i>

<h1>Rampler</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ram"pler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rambler.</def>

<h1>Rampler</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ram"pler</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Roving; rambling.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Ramrod</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ram"rod`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The rod used in ramming home the charge in a muzzle-loading firearm.</def>

<h1>Ramshackle</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ram"shac*kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Loose; disjointed; falling to pieces; out of repair.</def>

<blockquote>There came . . . my lord the cardinal, in his <b>ramshackle</b> coach.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ramshackle</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ram"shac*kle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To search or ransack; to rummage.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Ramson</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ram"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hramsan</ets>, pl., akin to G. <ets>rams</ets>, Sw. <ets>rams</ets>, <ets>rams</ets>l\'94k; cf. Gr. <?/ onion.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A broad-leaved species of garlic (<spn>Allium ursinum</spn>), common in European gardens; -- called also <altname>buckram</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ramsted</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ram"sted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A yellow-flowered weed; -- so named from a Mr. Ramsted who introduced it into Pennsylvania. See <er>Toad flax</er>. Called also <altname>Ramsted weed</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ramulose</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ram"u*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ramulosus</ets>, fr. <ets>ramulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>ramus</ets> a branch.]</ety> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Having many small branches, or ramuli.</def>

<h1>Ramulous</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ram"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Ramulose.</def>

<h1>Ramulus</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ram"u*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ramuli</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small branch, or branchlet, of corals, hydroids, and similar organisms.</def>

<h1>Ramus</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ra"mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rami</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>A branch; a projecting part or prominent process; a ramification.</def>

<h1>Ramuscule</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ra*mus"cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ramusculus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>A small ramus, or branch.</def>

<h1>Ran</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ran</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Run</er>.</def>

<h1>Ran</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ran</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[As. <ets>r\'ben</ets>.]</ety> <def>Open robbery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Lambarde.</i>

<h1>Ran</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ran</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Yarns coiled on a spun-yarn winch.</def>

<h1>Rana</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ra"na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a frog.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of anurous batrachians, including the common frogs.</def>

<h1>Ranal</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ra"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a general affinity to ranunculaceous plants.</def>

<cs><col>Ranal alliance</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name proposed by Lindley for a group of natural orders, including Ranunculace\'91, Magnoliace\'91, Papaverace\'91, and others related to them.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rance</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Rance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A prop or shore.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A round between the legs of a chair.</def><-- = spreader -->

<h1>Rancescent</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ran*ces"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rancescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>rancescere</ets>, v. incho. from <ets>rancere</ets> to be rancid.]</ety> <def>Becoming rancid or sour.</def>

<h1>Ranch</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ranch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>raunch</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Cf. <er>Wrench</er>.]</ety> <def>To wrench; to tear; to sprain; to injure by violent straining or contortion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Dryden</i>. "Hasting to <i>raunch</i> the arrow out."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Ranch</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ranch</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Rancho</er>.]</ety> <def>A tract of land used for grazing and rearing of horses, cattle, or sheep. See <er>Rancho</er>, 2.</def> <mark>[Western U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Ranchero</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ran*che"ro</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rancheros</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <mark>[Mexico & Western U. S.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A herdsman; a peasant employed on a ranch or rancho.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The owner and occupant of a ranch or rancho.</def>

<h1>Ranchman</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ranch"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ranchmen</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> An owner or occupant of, or laborer on, a ranch; a herdsman</plu>. <mark>[Western U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Rancho</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ran"cho</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ranchos</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Sp., properly, a mess, mess room. Cf. 2d <er>Ranch</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rude hut, as of posts, covered with branches or thatch, where herdsmen or farm laborers may live or lodge at night.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A large grazing farm where horses and cattle are raised; -- distinguished from <i>hacienda</i>, a cultivated farm or plantation.</def> <mark>[Mexico & California]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<h1>Rancid</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ran"cid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rancidus</ets>, fr. <ets>rancere</ets> to be rancid or rank.]</ety> <def>Having a rank smell or taste, from chemical change or decomposition; musty; <as>as, <ex>rancid</ex> oil or butter</as>.</def>

<h1>Rancidity</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ran*cid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rancidit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being rancid; a rancid scent or flavor, as of old oil.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Rancidly</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ran"cid*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a rancid manner.</def>

<h1>Rancidness</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ran"cid*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being rancid.</def>

<h1>Rancor</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ran"cor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rancour</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[OE. <ets>rancour</ets>, OF. <ets>rancor</ets>, <ets>rancur</ets>, F. <ets>rancune</ets>, fr. L. <ets>rancor</ets> rancidity, rankness; tropically, an old grudge, rancor, fr. <ets>rancere</ets> to be rank or rancid.]</ety> <def>The deepest malignity or spite; deep-seated enmity or malice; inveterate hatred.</def> "To stint <i>rancour</i> and dissencioun."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>It would not be easy to conceive the passion, <b>rancor</b>, and malice of their tongues and hearts.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Enmity; hatred; ill will; malice; spite; grudge; animosity; malignity.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Rancor</er>, <er>Enmity</er>. <i>Enmity</i> and <i>rancor</i> both describe hostile feelings; but <i>enmity</i> may be generous and open, while <i>rancor</i> implies personal malice of the worst and most enduring nature, and is the strongest word in our language to express hostile feelings.</usage>

<blockquote><b>Rancor</b> will out; proud prelate, in thy face
I see thy fury.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Rancor</b> is that degree of malice which preys upon the possessor.
<i>Cogan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rancorous</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ran"cor*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>rancuros</ets>.]</ety> <def>Full of rancor; evincing, or caused by, rancor; deeply malignant; implacably spiteful or malicious; intensely virulent.</def>

<blockquote>So flamed his eyes with rage and <b>rancorous</b> ire.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rancorously</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ran"cor*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a rancorous manner.</def>

<h1>Rand</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Rand</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>rand</ets>, <ets>rond</ets>; akin to D., Dan., Sw., & G. <ets>rand</ets>, Icel. <ets>r\'94nd</ets>, and probably to E. <ets>rind</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A border; edge; margin.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A long, fleshy piece, as of beef, cut from the flank or leg; a sort of steak.</def>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A thin inner sole for a shoe; also, a leveling slip of leather applied to the sole before attaching the heel.</def>

<h1>Rand</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Rand</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Rant</er>.]</ety> <def>To rant; to storm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I wept, . . . and raved, <b>randed</b>, and railed.
<i> J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Randall grass</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ran"dall grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The meadow fescue (<spn>Festuca elatior</spn>). See under <er>Grass</er>.</def>

<h1>Randan</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ran"dan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The product of a second sifting of meal; the finest part of the bran.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Randan</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ran"dan</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A boat propelled by three rowers with four oars, the middle rower pulling two.</def>

<h1>Randing</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Rand"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Shoemaking)</fld> <def>The act or process of making and applying rands for shoes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A kind of basket work used in gabions.</def>

<h1>Random</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ran"dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>randon</ets>, OF. <ets>randon</ets> force, violence, rapidity, a <ets>randon</ets>, de <ets>randon</ets>, violently, suddenly, rapidly, prob. of German origin; cf. G. <ets>rand</ets> edge, border, OHG. <ets>rant</ets> shield, edge of a shield, akin to E. <ets>rand</ets>, n.  See <er>Rand</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Force; violence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For courageously the two kings newly fought with great <b>random</b> and force.
<i> E. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A roving motion; course without definite direction; want of direction, rule, or method; hazard; chance; -- commonly used in the phrase <i>at random</i>, that is, without a settled point of direction; at hazard.</def>

<blockquote>Counsels, when they fly
At <b>random</b>, sometimes hit most happily.
<i>Herrick.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>O, many a shaft, at <b>random</b> sent,
Finds mark the archer little meant !
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Distance to which a missile is cast; range; reach; <as>as, the <ex>random</ex> of a rifle ball</as>.</def>

<i>Sir K. Digby.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The direction of a rake-vein.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Random</h1>
<Xpage=1187>

<hw>Ran"dom</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Going at random or by chance; done or made at hazard, or without settled direction, aim, or purpose; hazarded without previous calculation; left to chance; haphazard; <as>as, a <ex>random</ex> guess</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Some <b>random truths he can impart</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So sharp a spur to the lazy, and so strong a bridle to the <b>random</b>.
<i>H. Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Random courses</col> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>courses of unequal thickness.</cd> -- <col>Random shot</col>, <cd>a shot not directed or aimed toward any particular object, or a shot with the muzzle of the gun much elevated. -- <col>Random work</col> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>stonework consisting of stones of unequal sizes fitted together, but not in courses nor always with flat beds.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="1188">
Page 1188<p>

<h1>Randomly</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ran"dom*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a random manner.</def>

<h1>Randon</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ran"don</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Random.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Randon</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ran"don</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To go or stray at random.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ranedeer</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Rane"deer`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Reindeer</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ranee</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ra"nee</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Rani</er>.</def>

<h1>Ranforce</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ran"force`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>renforcer</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Re&eum;nforce</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Rang</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Rang</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp.</tt> of <er>Ring</er>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt></def>

<h1>Range</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Range</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ranged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ranging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>rengen</ets>, OF. <ets>rengier</ets>, F. <ets>ranger</ets>, OF. <ets>renc</ets> row, rank, F. <ets>rang</ets>; of German origin. See <er>Rane</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set in a row, or in rows; to place in a regular line or lines, or in ranks; to dispose in the proper order; to rank; <as>as, to <ex>range</ex> soldiers in line</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Maccabeus <b>ranged</b> his army by hands.
<i>2 Macc. xii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place (as a single individual) among others in a line, row, or order, as in the ranks of an army; -- usually, reflexively and figuratively, (in the sense) to espouse a cause, to join a party, etc.</def>

<blockquote>It would be absurd in me to <b>range</b> myself on the side of the Duke of Bedford and the corresponding society.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To separate into parts; to sift.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To dispose in a classified or in systematic order; to arrange regularly; <as>as, to <ex>range</ex> plants and animals in genera and species</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To rove over or through; <as>as, to <ex>range</ex> the fields</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Teach him to <b>range</b> the ditch, and force the brake.
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To sail or pass in a direction parallel to or near; <as>as, to <ex>range</ex> the coast</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; Compare the last two senses (5 and 6) with the French <i>ranger</i> une c\'93te.</note>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To be native to, or to live in; to frequent.</def>

<h1>Range</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Range</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rove at large; to wander without restraint or direction; to roam.</def>

<blockquote>Like a <b>ranging</b> spaniel that barks at every bird he sees.
<i>Burton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have range; to change or differ within limits; to be capable of projecting, or to admit of being projected, especially as to horizontal distance; <as>as, the temperature <ex>ranged</ex> through seventy degrees Fahrenheit; the gun <ex>ranges</ex> three miles; the shot <ex>ranged</ex> four miles.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be placed in order; to be ranked; to admit of arrangement or classification; to rank.</def>

<blockquote>And <b>range</b> with humble livers in content.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To have a certain direction; to correspond in direction; to be or keep in a corresponding line; to trend or run; -- often followed by <i>with</i>; <as>as, the front of a house <ex>ranges</ex> with the street; to <ex>range</ex> along the coast.</as></def>

<blockquote>Which way the forests <b>range</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To be native to, or live in, a certain district or region; <as>as, the peba <ex>ranges</ex> from Texas to Paraguay</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To rove; roam; ramble; wander; stroll.</syn>

<h1>Range</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Range</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Range</er>, <tt>v.<tt>: cf. F. <ets>rang\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A series of things in a line; a row; a rank; <as>as, a <ex>range</ex> of buildings; a <ex>range</ex> of mountains.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An aggregate of individuals in one rank or degree; an order; a class.</def>

<blockquote>The next <b>range</b> of beings above him are the immaterial intelligences.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The step of a ladder; a rung.</def>

<i> Clarendon.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A kitchen grate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He was bid at his first coming to take off the <b>range</b>, and let down the cinders.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Am extended cooking apparatus of cast iron, set in brickwork, and affording conveniences for various ways <?/ cooking; also, a kind of cooking stove.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A bolting sieve to sift meal.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A wandering or roving; a going to and fro; an excursion; a ramble; an expedition.</def>

<blockquote>He may take a <b>range</b> all the world over.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>That which may be ranged over; place or room for excursion; especially, a region of country in which cattle or sheep may wander and pasture.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Extent or space taken in by anything excursive; compass or extent of excursion; reach; scope; discursive; <as>as, the <ex>range</ex> of one's voice, or authority</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Far as creation's ample <b>range</b> extends.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>range</b> and compass of Hammond's knowledge filled the whole circle of the arts.
<i>Bp. Fell.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A man has not enough <b>range</b> of thought.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The region within which a plant or animal naturally lives.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The horizontal distance to which a shot or other projectile is carried.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Sometimes, less properly, the trajectory of a shot or projectile.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A place where shooting, as with cannons or rifles, is practiced.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <def>In the public land system of the United States, a row or line of townships lying between two succession meridian lines six miles apart.</def>

<note>&hand; The meridians included in each great survey are numbered in order east and west from the "principal meridian" of that survey, and the townships in the range are numbered north and south from the "base line," which runs east and west; as, township No. 6, N., <i>range</i> 7, W., from the fifth principal meridian.</note>

<p><b>13.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Range of cable</cref>, below.</def>

<cs><col>Range of accommodation</col> <fld>(Optics)</fld>, <cd>the distance between the near point and the far point of distinct vision, -- usually measured and designated by the strength of the lens which if added to the refracting media of the eye would cause the rays from the near point to appear as if they came from the far point.</cd> -- <col>Range finder</col> <fld>(Gunnery)</fld>, <cd>an instrument, or apparatus, variously constructed, for ascertaining the distance of an inaccessible object, -- used to determine what elevation must be given to a gun in order to hit the object; a position finder.</cd> -- <col>Range of cable</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a certain length of slack cable ranged along the deck preparatory to letting go the anchor.</cd> -- <col>Range work</col> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>masonry of squared stones laid in courses each of which is of even height throughout the length of the wall; -- distinguished from <i>broken range work<i>, which consists of squared stones laid in courses not continuously of even height.</cd> -- <col>To get the range of</col> (an object) <fld>(Gun.)</fld>, <cd>to find the angle at which the piece must be raised to reach (the object) without carrying beyond.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rangement</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Range"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rangement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Arrangement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Waterland.</i>

<h1>Ranger</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ran"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who ranges; a rover; sometimes, one who ranges for plunder; a roving robber.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which separates or arranges; specifically, a sieve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The tamis <i>ranger</i>."

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A dog that beats the ground in search of game.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One of a body of mounted troops, formerly armed with short muskets, who range over the country, and often fight on foot.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The keeper of a public park or forest; formerly, a sworn officer of a forest, appointed by the king's letters patent, whose business was to walk through the forest, recover beasts that had strayed beyond its limits, watch the deer, present trespasses to the next court held for the forest, etc.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark><-- similar function for U.S. national parksand antional monuments. -->

<h1>Rangership</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ran"ger*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of the keeper of a forest or park.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Rangle</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ran"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To range about in an irregular manner.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Rani</h1>
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<hw>Ra"ni</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Hind. <ets>r\'ben\'c6</ets>, Skr. <ets>r\'bejn\'c6</ets>. See <er>Rajah</er>.]</ety> <def>A queen or princess; the wife of a rajah.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ranee</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[India]</mark>

<h1>Ranine</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ra"nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rana</ets> a frog.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the frogs and toads.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a swelling under the tongue; also, pertaining to the region where the swelling occurs; -- applied especially to branches of the lingual artery and lingual vein.</def>

<h1>Rank</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Rank</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Ranker</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Rankest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>ranc</ets> strong, proud; cf. D. <ets>rank</ets> slender, Dan. <ets>rank</ets> upright, erect, Prov. G. <ets>rank</ets> slender, Icel. <ets>rakkr</ets> slender, bold. The meaning seems to have been influenced by L. <ets>rancidus</ets>, E. <ets>rancid</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Luxuriant in growth; of vigorous growth; exuberant; grown to immoderate height; <as>as, <ex>rank</ex> grass; <ex>rank</ex> weeds.</as></def>

<blockquote>And, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk, <b>rank</b> and good.
<i>Gen. xli. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Raised to a high degree; violent; extreme; gross; utter; <as>as, <ex>rank</ex> heresy</as>.</def> "<i>Rank</i> nonsense." <i>Hare</i>. "I do forgive thy <i>rankest</i> fault." <i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Causing vigorous growth; producing luxuriantly; very rich and fertile; <as>as, <ex>rank</ex> land</as>.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Strong-scented; rancid; musty; <as>as, oil of a <ex>rank</ex> smell; <ex>rank</ex>-smelling rue.</as></def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Strong to the taste.</def> "Divers sea fowls taste <i>rank</i> of the fish on which they feed."

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Inflamed with venereal appetite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Rank modus</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an excessive and unreasonable modus. See <er>Modus</er>, 3.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To set</col> (the iron of a plane, etc.) <col>rank</col></mcol>, <cd>to set so as to take off a thick shaving.</cd> <i>Moxon.</i></cs>

<h1>Rank</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Rank</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Rankly; stoutly; violently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That rides so <b>rank</b> and bends his lance so fell.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rank</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Rank</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>renk</ets>, <ets>reng</ets>, OF. <ets>renc</ets>, F. <ets>rang</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>hring</ets> a circle, a circular row, G. <ets>ring</ets>. See <er>Ring</er>, and cf. <er>Range</er>, <tt>n.<tt> & <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A row or line; a range; an order; a tier; <as>as, a <ex>rank</ex> of osiers</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Many a mountain nigh
Rising in lofty <b>ranks</b>, and loftier still.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A line of soldiers ranged side by side; -- opposed to <i>file</i>. See 1st <er>File</er>, 1 <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>

<blockquote>Fierce, fiery warriors fought upon the clouds,
In <b>ranks</b> and squadrons and right form of war.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Grade of official standing, as in the army, navy, or nobility; <as>as, the <ex>rank</ex> of general; the <ex>rank</ex> of admiral.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An aggregate of individuals classed together; a permanent social class; an order; a division; <as>as, <ex>ranks</ex> and orders of men; the highest and the lowest <ex>ranks</ex> of men, or of other intelligent beings.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Degree of dignity, eminence, or excellence; position in civil or social life; station; degree; grade; <as>as, a writer of the first <ex>rank</ex>; a lawyer of high <ex>rank</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>These all are virtues of a meaner <b>rank</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Elevated grade or standing; high degree; high social position; distinction; eminence; <as>as, a man of <ex>rank</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Rank and file</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>The whole body of common soldiers, including also corporals. In a more extended sense, it includes sergeants also, excepting the noncommissioned staff.</cd><-- analogously, the lowest ranking members of any organization --> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See under 1st <er>File</er>.</cd> -- <col>The ranks</col>, <cd>the order or grade of common soldiers; <as>as, to reduce a noncommissioned officer to <ex>the ranks<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>To fill the ranks</col>, <cd>to supply the whole number, or a competent number.</cd> -- <col>To take rank of</col>, <cd>to have precedence over, or to have the right of taking a higher place than.</cd></cs><-- <col>pull rank</col>, to insist on one's own prerogative or plan of action, by right of a higher rank than that of one suggesting a different plan -->

<h1>Rank</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Rank</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ranked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ranking</er>,]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place abreast, or in a line.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To range in a particular class, order, or division; to class; also, to dispose methodically; to place in suitable classes or order; to classify.</def>

<blockquote><b>Ranking</b> all things under general and special heads.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Poets were <b>ranked</b> in the class of philosophers.
<i>Broome.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Heresy is <b>ranked</b> with idolatry and witchcraft.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take rank of; to outrank.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Rank</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Rank</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be ranged; to be set or disposed, an in a particular degree, class, order, or division.</def>

<blockquote>Let that one article <b>rank</b> with the rest.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have a certain grade or degree of elevation in the orders of civil or military life; to have a certain degree of esteem or consideration; <as>as, he <ex>ranks</ex> with the first class of poets; he <ex>ranks</ex> high in public estimation.</as></def>

<h1>Ranker</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Rank"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who ranks, or disposes in ranks; one who arranges.</def>

<h1>Rankle</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ran"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rankled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rankling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Rank</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become, or be, rank; to grow rank or strong; to be inflamed; to fester; -- used literally and figuratively.</def>

<blockquote>A malady that burns and <b>rankles</b> inward.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This would have left a <b>rankling</b> wound in the hearts of the people.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To produce a festering or inflamed effect; to cause a sore; -- used literally and figuratively; <as>as, a splinter <ex>rankles</ex> in the flesh; the words <ex>rankled</ex> in his bosom.</as></def>

<h1>Rankle</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ran"kle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to fester; to make sore; to inflame.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>

<h1>Rankly</h1>
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<hw>Rank"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With rank or vigorous growth; luxuriantly; hence, coarsely; grossly; <as>as, weeds grow <ex>rankly</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Rankness</h1>
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<hw>Rank"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>rancness</ets> pride.]</ety> <def>The condition or quality of being rank.</def>

<h1>Rannel</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ran"nel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A prostitute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ranny</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ran"ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>araneus mus</ets>, a kind of small mouse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The erd shrew.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Ransack</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ran"sack</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ransacked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ransacking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ransaken</ets>, Icel, <ets>rannsaka</ets> to explore, examine; <ets>rann</ets> a house (akin to Goth. <ets>razn</ets> house, AS. <ets>r\'91sn</ets> plank, beam) + the root of <ets>s\'91kja</ets> to seek, akin to E. <ets>seek</ets>. See <er>Seek</er>, and cf. <er>Rest</er> repose.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To search thoroughly; to search every place or part of; <as>as, to <ex>ransack</ex> a house</as>.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>ransack</b> every corner of their . . . hearts.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To plunder; to pillage completely.</def>

<blockquote>Their vow is made
To <b>ransack</b> Troy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To violate; to ravish; to defiour.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Rich spoil of <b>ransacked</b> chastity.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ransack</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ran"sack</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a thorough search.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>ransack</b> in the tas [heap] of bodies dead.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ransack</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ran"sack</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of ransacking, or state of being ransacked; pillage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Even your father's house
Shall not be free from<b>ransack</b>.
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ransom</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ran"som</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>raunson</ets>, <ets>raunsoun</ets>, OF. <ets>ran&cced;on</ets>, <ets>raen&cced;on</ets>, <ets>raan&cced;on</ets>, F. <ets>ran&cced;on</ets>, fr. L. <ets>redemptio</ets>, fr. <ets>redimere</ets> to redeem. See <er>Redeem</er>, and cf. <er>Redemption</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The release of a captive, or of captive, or of captured property, by payment of a consideration; redemption; <as>as, prisoners hopeless of <ex>ransom</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The money or price paid for the redemption of a prisoner, or for goods captured by an enemy; payment for freedom from restraint, penalty, or forfeit.</def>

<blockquote>Thy <b>ransom</b> paid, which man from death redeems.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His captivity in Austria, and the heavy <b>ransom</b> he paid for his liberty.
<i>Sir J. Davies/.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A sum paid for the pardon of some great offense and the discharge of the offender; also, a fine paid in lieu of corporal punishment.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><col>Ransom bill</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a war contract, valid by the law of nations, for the ransom of property captured at sea and its safe conduct into port.</cd></cs>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Ransom</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ran"som</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ransomed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ransoming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ran&cced;onner</ets>. See <er>Ransom</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To redeem from captivity, servitude, punishment, or forfeit, by paying a price; to buy out of servitude or penalty; to rescue; to deliver; <as>as, to <ex>ransom</ex> prisoners from an enemy</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To exact a ransom for, or a payment on.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Such lands as he had rule of he <b>ransomed</b> them so grievously, and would tax the men two or three times in a year.
<i>Berners.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ransomable</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ran"som*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be ransomed.</def>

<h1>Ransomer</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ran"som*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who ransoms or redeems.</def>

<h1>Ransomless</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ran"som*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of being ransomed; without ransom.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Rant</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Rant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ranted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ranting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OD. <ets>ranten</ets>, <ets>randen</ets>, to dote, to be enraged.]</ety> <def>To rave in violent, high-sounding, or extravagant language, without dignity of thought; to be noisy, boisterous, and bombastic in talk or declamation; <as>as, a <ex>ranting</ex> preacher</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Look where my <b>ranting</b> host of the Garter comes!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rant</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Rant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>High-sounding language, without importance or dignity of thought; boisterous, empty declamation; bombast; <as>as, the <ex>rant</ex> of fanatics</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This is a stoical <b>rant</b>, without any foundation in the nature of man or reason of things.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ranter</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Rant"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A noisy talker; a raving declaimer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of a religious sect which sprung up in 1645; -- called also <altname>Seekers</altname>. See <er>Seeker</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the Primitive Methodists, who seceded from the Wesleyan Methodists on the ground of their deficiency in fervor and zeal; -- so called in contempt.</def>

<h1>Ranterism</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Rant"er*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>The practice or tenets of the Ranters.</def>

<h1>Rantingly</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Rant"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a ranting manner.</def>

<h1>Rantipole</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Rant"i*pole</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ranty</ets> + <ets>pole</ets>, <ets>poll</ets>, head.]</ety> <def>A wild, romping young person.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<i>Marrya<?/.</i>

<h1>Rantipole</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Rant"i*pole</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wild; roving; rakish.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<h1>Rantipole</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Rant"i*pole</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act like a rantipole.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>

<blockquote>She used to <b>rantipole</b> about the house.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rantism</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Rant"ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>Ranterism.</def>

<h1>Ranty</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Rant"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wild; noisy; boisterous.</def>

<h1>Ranula</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ran"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a little frog, a little swelling on the tongue of cattle, dim. of <ets>rana</ets> a frog.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cyst formed under the tongue by obstruction of the duct of the submaxillary gland.</def>

<h1>Ranunculaceous</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ra*nun`cu*la"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ranunculus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (<spn>Ranunculace\'91</spn>), of which the buttercup is the type, and which includes also the virgin's bower, the monkshood, larkspur, anemone, meadow rue, and peony.</def>

<h1>Ranunculus</h1>
<Xpage=1188>

<hw>Ra*nun`cu*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Ranunculuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Ranunculi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a little frog, a medicinal plant, perhaps crowfoot, dim. of <ets>rana</ets> a frog; cf. <ets>raccare</ets> to roar.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbs, mostly with yellow flowers, including crowfoot, buttercups, and the cultivated ranunculi (<spn>R. Asiaticus</spn>, <spn>R. aconitifolius</spn>, etc.) in which the flowers are double and of various colors.</def>

<hr>
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Page 1189<p>

<h1>Ranz des vaches</h1>
<Xpage=1189>

<hw>Ranz" des` vaches"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[F., the ranks or rows of cows, the name being given from the fact that the cattle, when answering the musical call of their keeper, move towards him in a row, preceded by those wearing bells.]</ety> <def>The name for numerous simple, but very irregular, melodies of the Swiss mountaineers, blown on a long tube called the <i>Alpine horn</i>, and sometimes sung.</def>

<h1>Rap</h1>
<Xpage=1189>

<hw>Rap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A lay or skein containing 120 yards of yarn.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Rap</h1>
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<hw>Rap</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rapped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rapping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to Sw. <ets>rappa</ets> to strike, <ets>rapp</ets> stroke, Dan. <ets>rap</ets>, perhaps of imitative origin.]</ety> <def>To strike with a quick, sharp blow; to knock; <as>as, to <ex>rap</ex> on the door</as>.</def>

<h1>Rap</h1>
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<hw>Rap</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To strike with a quick blow; to knock on.</def>

<blockquote>With one great peal they <b>rap</b> the door.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>To free (a pattern) in a mold by light blows on the pattern, so as to facilitate its removal.</def>

<h1>Rap</h1>
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<hw>Rap</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A quick, smart blow; a knock.</def>

<h1>Rap</h1>
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<hw>Rap</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rapped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, usually written <er>Rapt</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rapping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>rapen</ets>; akin to LG. & D. <ets>rapen</ets> to snatch, G. <ets>raffen</ets>, Sw. <ets>rappa</ets>; cf. Dan. <ets>rappe sig</ets> to make haste, and Icel. <ets>hrapa</ets> to fall, to rush, hurry. The word has been confused with L. <ets>rapere</ets> to seize. Cf. <er>Rape</er> robbery, <er>Rapture</er>, <er>Raff</er>, <tt>v.<tt>, <er>Ramp</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To snatch away; to seize and hurry off.</def>

<blockquote>And through the Greeks and Ilians they <b>rapt</b>
The whirring chariot.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>From Oxford I was <b>rapt</b> by my nephew, Sir Edmund Bacon, to Redgrove.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To hasten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To seize and bear away, as the mind or thoughts; to transport out of one's self; to affect with ecstasy or rapture; <as>as, <ex>rapt</ex> into admiration</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I'm <b>rapt</b> with joy to see my Marcia's tears.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Rapt</b> into future times, the bard begun.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To exchange; to truck.</def> <mark>[Obs. & Law]</mark>

<cs><mcol><col>To rap and ren</col>, <col>To rap and rend</col></mcol>. <ety>[Perhaps fr. Icel. <ets>hrapa<ets> to hurry and <ets>r\'91na<ets> plunder, fr. <ets>r\'ben<ets> plunder, E. <ets>ran<ets>.]</ety> <cd>To seize and plunder; to snatch by violence. <i>Dryden</i>. "[Ye] waste all that ye may <i>rape and renne<i>."</cd>
<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>All they could <b>rap and rend</b> pilfer.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To rap out</col>, <cd>to utter with sudden violence, as an oath.</cd>

<blockquote>A judge who <b>rapped out</b> a great oath.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>
</cs>

<-- 5. To engage in a discussion, converse; (b) (ca. 1985) to perform a type of rhythmic talking, often with accompanying rhythm instruments. -->

<h1>Rap</h1>
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<hw>Rap</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Perhaps contr. fr. <ets>raparee</ets>.]</ety> <def>A popular name for any of the tokens that passed current for a half-penny in Ireland in the early part of the eighteenth century; any coin of trifling value.</def>

<blockquote>Many counterfeits passed about under the name of <b>raps</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Tie</b> it [her money] up so tight that you can't touch a <b>rap</b>,

<blockquote>save with her consent.
<i>Mrs. Alexander.</i></blockquote>

<-- 5. conversation, also rapping; (b) (ca. 1985) a type of rhythmic talking, often with accompanying rhythm instruments; rap music. -->

<cs><col>Not to care a rap</col>, <cd>to care nothing.</cd> -- <col>Not worth a rap</col>, <cd>worth nothing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rapaces</h1>
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<hw>Ra*pa"ces</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Rapacious</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Accipitres</er>.</def>

<h1>Rapacious</h1>
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<hw>Rapa"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rapax</ets>, <ets>-acis</ets>, from <ets>rapere</ets> to seize and carry off, to snatch away. See <er>Rapid</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Given to plunder; disposed or accustomed to seize by violence; seizing by force.</def> " The downfall of the <i>rapacious</i> and licentious Knights Templar."

<i>Motley.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Accustomed to seize food; subsisting on prey, or animals seized by violence,; <as>as, a tiger is a <ex>rapacious</ex> animal; a <ex>rapacious</ex> bird.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Avaricious; grasping; extortionate; also, greedy; ravenous; voracious; <as>as, <ex>rapacious</ex> usurers; a <ex>rapacious</ex> appetite.</as></def>

<blockquote>[Thy Lord] redeem thee from Death's <b>rapacious</b> claim
<i>Milton</i></blockquote>.

<syn>Syn. -- Greedy; grasping; ravenous; voracious.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ra*pa"cious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ra*pa"cious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Rapacity</h1>
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<hw>Ra*pac"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rapacitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rapacite</ets>. See <er>Rapacious</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being rapacious; rapaciousness; ravenousness; <as>as, the <ex>rapacity</ex> of pirates; the <ex>rapacity</ex> of wolves.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or practice of extorting or exacting by oppressive injustice; exorbitant greediness of gain.</def> "The <i>rapacity</i> of some ages."

<i>Sprat.</i>

<h1>Raparee</h1>
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<hw>Rap`a*ree"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Rapparee</er>.</def>

<h1>Rape</h1>
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<hw>Rape</hw> <tt>(r&amac;p)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'83pe</ets> a grape stalk.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fruit, as grapes, plucked from the cluster.</def>

<i>Ray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The refuse stems and skins of grapes or raisins from which the must has been expressed in wine making.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A filter containing the above refuse, used in clarifying and perfecting malt, vinegar, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Rape wine</col>, <cd>a poor, thin wine made from the last dregs of pressed grapes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rape</h1>
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<hw>Rape</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to <ets>rap</ets> to snatch, but confused with L. <ets>rapere</ets>. See <er>Rap</er> to snatch.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of seizing and carrying away by force; violent seizure; robbery.</def><-- [Rare] -->

<blockquote>And ruined orphans of thy <b>rapes</b> complain.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Sexual connection with a woman without her consent. See <cref>Age of consent</cref>, under <er>Consent</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>
<-- (b) Any sexual intercourse forced on a person, whether male or female (also called forcible rape, or sexual assault, and sometimes, as a euphemism, criminal assault); Any sexual intercourse performed with a person who is under the age of consent, whether male or female, is <cref>statutory rape</cref>. -->

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is snatched away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Where now are all my hopes? O, never more.
Shall they revive! nor death her <b>rapes</b> restore.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Movement, as in snatching; haste; hurry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<-- 5. (Fig., Colloq.) An action causing results harmful to a person or thing; as, the <ex>rape</ex> of the land by mining companies. -->

<h1>Rape</h1>
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<hw>Rape</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To commit rape upon; to ravish.</def>

<-- 2. (Fig., Colloq.) To perform an action causing results harmful or very unpleasant to a person or thing; as, women <ex>raped</ex> first by their assailant, and then by the Justice system.  Corresponds to 2nd <er>rape</er>, n. 5. -->

<cs><col>To rape and ren</col>. <cd>See under <er>Rap</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, to snatch.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rape</h1>
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<hw>Rape</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To rob; to pillage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Heywood.</i>

<h1>Rape</h1>
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<hw>Rape</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>hreppr</ets> village, district; cf. Icel. <ets>hreppa</ets> to catch, obtain, AS. <ets>hrepian</ets>, <ets>hreppan</ets>, to touch.]</ety> <def>One of six divisions of the county of Sussex, England, intermediate between a hundred and a shire.</def>

<h1>Rape</h1>
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<hw>Rape</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rapa</ets>, <ets>rapum</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/, <?/, G. <ets>r\'81be</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to a variety or to varieties of a plant of the turnip kind, grown for seeds and herbage. The seeds are used for the production of rape oil, and to a limited extent for the food of cage birds.</def>

<note>&hand; These plants, with the edible turnip, have been variously named, but are all now believed to be derived from the <spn>Brassica campestris</spn> of Europe, which by some is not considered distinct from the wild stock (<spn>B. oleracea</spn>) of the cabbage. See <er>Cole</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Broom rape</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Broom rape</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Rape cake</col>, <cd>the refuse remaining after the oil has been expressed from the seed.</cd> -- <col>Rape root</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Rape</er>.</cd> -- <col>Summer rape</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Colza</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rapeful</h1>
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<hw>Rape"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Violent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Given to the commission of rape.</def>

<i>Byron.</i>

<h1>Rapfully</h1>
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<hw>Rap"ful*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Violently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Raphaelesque</h1>
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<hw>Raph`a*el*esque"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like Raphael's works; in Raphael's manner of painting.</def>

<h1>Raphaelism</h1>
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<hw>Raph"a*el*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles of painting introduced by Raphael, the Italian painter.</def>

<h1>Raphaelite</h1>
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<hw>Raph"a*el*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who advocates or adopts the principles of Raphaelism.</def>

<h1>Raphany</h1>
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<hw>Raph"a*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>raphanie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A convulsive disease, attended with ravenous hunger, not uncommon in Sweden and Germany. It was so called because supposed to be caused by eating corn with which seeds of jointed charlock (<spn>Raphanus raphanistrum</spn>) had been mixed, but the condition is now known to be a form of ergotism.</def>

<h1>Raphe</h1>
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<hw>Ra"phe</hw> <tt>(r&amac;"f&esl;)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a seam or suture, fr. <?/ to sew or stitch together.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A line, ridge, furrow, or band of fibers, especially in the median line; <as>as, the <ex>raphe</ex> of the tongue</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rhaph<?/</er>.</def>

<h1>Raphides</h1>
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<hw>Raph"i*des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>raphide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Rhaphides</er>.</def>

<h1>Rapid</h1>
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<hw>Rap"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rapidus</ets>, fr. <ets>rapere</ets> to seize and carry off, to snatch or hurry away; perhaps akin to Gr. <?/; cf. F. <ets>rapide</ets>. Cf. <er>Harpy</er>, <er>Ravish</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Very swift or quick; moving with celerity; fast; <as>as, a <ex>rapid</ex> stream; a <ex>rapid</ex> flight; a <ex>rapid</ex> motion.</as></def>

<blockquote>Ascend my chariot; guide the <b>rapid</b> wheels.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Advancing with haste or speed; speedy in progression; in quick sequence; <as>as, <ex>rapid</ex> growth; <ex>rapid</ex> improvement; <ex>rapid</ex> recurrence; <ex>rapid</ex> succession.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Quick in execution; <as>as, a <ex>rapid</ex> penman</as>.</def>

<h1>Rapid</h1>
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<hw>Rap"id</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rapide</ets>. See <er>Rapid</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>The part of a river where the current moves with great swiftness, but without actual waterfall or cascade; -- usually in the plural; <as>as, the Lachine <ex>rapids</ex> in the St. Lawrence</as>.</def><-- sometimes called whitewater -->

<blockquote>Row, brothers, row the stream runs fast,
The <b>rapids</b> are near, and the daylight's past.
<i>Moore.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rapidity</h1>
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<hw>Ra*pid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rapiditas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rapidit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being rapid; swiftness; celerity; velocity; <as>as, the <ex>rapidity</ex> of growth or improvement</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- -- Rapidness; haste; speed; celerity; velocity; swiftness; fleetness; quickness; agility.</syn>

<h1>Rapidly</h1>
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<hw>Rap"id*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a rapid manner.</def>

<h1>Rapidness</h1>
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<hw>Rap"id*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being rapid; rapidity.</def>

<h1>Rapier</h1>
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<hw>Ra"pi*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rapi\'8are</ets>, perhaps for <ets>raspi\'8are</ets>, and ultimately of German origin, akin to E. <ets>rasp</ets>, v.]</ety> <def>A straight sword, with a narrow and finely pointed blade, used only for thrusting.</def>

<cs><col>Rapier fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the swordfish. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Rapiered</h1>
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<hw>Ra"pi*ered</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Wearing a rapier.</def> "Scarletcoated, <i>rapiered</i> figures."

<i>Lowell.</i>

<h1>Rapilli</h1>
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<hw>Ra*pil"li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Lapilli.</def>

<h1>Rapine</h1>
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<hw>Rap"ine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rapine</ets>; cf. Pr. & It. <ets>rapina</ets>; all fr. L. <ets>rapina</ets>, fr. <ets>rapere</ets> to seize and carry off by force. See <er>Rapid</er>, and cf. <er>Raven</er> rapine.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of plundering; the seizing and carrying away of things by force; spoliation; pillage; plunder.</def>

<blockquote>Men who were impelled to war quite as much by the desire of <b>rapine</b> as by the desire of glory.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ravishment; rape.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Rapine</h1>
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<hw>Rap"ine</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To plunder.</def>

<i>Sir G. Buck.</i>

<h1>Rapinous</h1>
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<hw>Rap"i*nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Given to rapine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rappage</h1>
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<hw>Rap"page</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>The enlargement of a molt caused by rapping the pattern.</def>

<h1>Rapparee</h1>
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<hw>Rap`pa*ree"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A wild Irish plunderer, esp. one of the 17th century; -- so called from his carrying a half-pike, called a <i>rapary</i>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>raparee</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Rapped</h1>
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<hw>Rapped</hw> <tt>(r&acr;pt)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Rap</er>, to strike.</def>

<h1>Rapped</h1>
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<hw>Rapped</hw>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Rap</er>, to snatch away.</def>

<h1>Rappee</h1>
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<hw>Rap*pee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'83p\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>r\'83per</ets> to grate, to rasp. See <er>Rasp</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <def>A pungent kind of snuff made from the darker and ranker kinds of tobacco leaves.</def>

<h1>Rappel</h1>
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<hw>Rap"pel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. Cf. <er>Repeal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The beat of the drum to call soldiers to arms.</def>

<h1>Rapper</h1>
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<hw>Rap"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Rap</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, raps or knocks; specifically, the knocker of a door.</def>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A forcible oath or lie.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<i>Bp. Parker.</i>

<-- 3. A musician specializing in rap music.  -->

<h1>Rapport</h1>
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<hw>Rap*port"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>rapporter</ets> to bring again or back, to refer; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>apporter</ets> to bring, L. <ets>apporter</ets> to bring, L. <ets>apportare</ets>. Cf. <er>Report</er>.]</ety> <def>Relation; proportion; conformity; correspondence; accord.</def>

<blockquote>'T is obvious what <b>rapport</b> there is between the conceptions and languages in every country.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>En` rap`port"</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety>, in accord, harmony, or sympathy; having a mutual, especially a private, understanding; in mesmerism, in that relation of sympathy which permits influence or communication.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rapscallion</h1>
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<hw>Rap*scal"lion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Rascallion</er>.]</ety> <def>A rascal; a good-for-nothing fellow.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Howitt.</i>

<h1>Rapt</h1>
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<hw>Rapt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Rap</er>, to snatch away.</def>

<h1>Rapt</h1>
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<hw>Rapt</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Snatched away; hurried away or along.</def>

<blockquote>Waters <b>rapt</b> with whirling away.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Transported with love, admiration, delight, etc.; enraptured.</def> "The <i>rapt</i> musician."

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<cs><col>3</col>. <cd>Wholly absorbed or engrossed, as in work or meditation.</cd> "<i>Rapt<i> in secret studies."</cs>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Rapt</h1>
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<hw>Rapt</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From F. <ets>rapt</ets> abduction, rape, L. <ets>raptus</ets>, fr. <ets>rapere</ets> to seize and carry off, to transport; or fr. E. <ets>rapt</ets>, a. See <er>Rapt</er>, <tt>a.<tt>, and <er>Rapid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An ecstasy; a trance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Morton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rapidity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Rapt</h1>
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<hw>Rapt</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To transport or ravish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To carry away by force.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Rapter</h1>
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<hw>Rap"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A raptor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Raptor</h1>
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<hw>Rap"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>raptor</ets>, from <ets>rapere</ets> to ravish. See <er>Rapid</er>.]</ety> <def>A ravisher; a plunderer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Raptores</h1>
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<hw>Rap*to"res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Raptor</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Accipitres</er>. Called also <altname>Raptatores</altname>.</def>

<h1>Raptorial</h1>
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<hw>Rap*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Rapacious; living upon prey; -- said especially of certain birds.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Adapted for seizing prey; -- said of the legs, claws, etc., of insects, birds, and other animals.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the Raptores. See <i>Illust</i>. <sd>(f)</sd> of Aves.</def>

<h1>Raptorious</h1>
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<hw>Rap*to"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>raptorius</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Raptorial.</def>

<h1>Rapture</h1>
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<hw>Rap"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rapere</ets>, <ets>raptum</ets>, to carry off by force. See <er>Rapid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A seizing by violence; a hurrying along; rapidity with violence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>That 'gainst a rock, or flat, her keel did dash
With headlong <b>rapture</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state or condition of being rapt, or carried away from one's self by agreeable excitement; violence of a pleasing passion; extreme joy or pleasure; ecstasy.</def>

<blockquote>Music, when thus applied, raises in the mind of the hearer great conceptions; it strengthens devotion, and advances praise into <b>rapture</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You grow correct that once with <b>rapture writ</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A spasm; a fit; a syncope; delirium.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Bliss; ecstasy; transport; delight; exultation.</syn>

<h1>Rapture</h1>
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<hw>Rap"ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Raptured</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rapturing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To transport with excitement; to enrapture.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Rapturist</h1>
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<hw>Rap"tur*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An enthusiast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Spencer.</i>

<h1>Rapturize</h1>
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<hw>Rap"tur*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & i.</tt> <def>To put, or be put, in a state of rapture.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Rapturous</h1>
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<hw>Rap"tur*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ecstatic; transporting; ravishing; feeling, expressing, or manifesting rapture; <as>as, <ex>rapturous</ex> joy, pleasure, or delight; <ex>rapturous</ex> applause.</as></def>

<h1>Rapturously</h1>
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<hw>Rap"tur*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a rapturous manner.</def>

<h1>Rare</h1>
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<hw>Rare</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Rather</er>, <er>Rath</er>.]</ety> <def>Early.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Rude mechanicals that <b>rare</b> and late
Work in the market place.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rare</h1>
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<hw>Rare</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Rarer</er>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Rarest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>hr&emac;r</ets>, or E. <ets>rare</ets> early.]</ety> <def>Nearly raw; partially cooked; not thoroughly cooked; underdone; <as>as, <ex>rare</ex> beef or mutton</as>.</def>

<blockquote>New-laid eggs, which Baucis' busy care
Turned by a gentle fire, and roasted <b>rare</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word is in common use in the United States, but in England its synonym <i>underdone</i> is preferred.</note>

<h1>Rare</h1>
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<hw>Rare</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Rarer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Rarest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>rarus</ets> thin, rare.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Not frequent; seldom met with or occurring; unusual; <as>as, a <ex>rare</ex> event</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of an uncommon nature; unusually excellent; valuable to a degree seldom found.</def>

<blockquote><b>Rare</b> work, all filled with <b>terror</b> and delight.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Above the rest I judge one beauty <b>rare</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Thinly scattered; dispersed.</def>

<blockquote>Those <b>rare</b> and solitary, three in flocks.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Characterized by wide separation of parts; of loose texture; not thick or dense; thin; <as>as, a <ex>rare</ex> atmosphere at high elevations</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Water is nineteen times lighter, and by consequence nineteen times <b>rarer</b>, than gold.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Scarce; infrequent; unusual; uncommon; singular; extraordinary; incomparable.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Rare</er>, <er>Scarce</er>. We call a thing <i>rare</i> when but few examples, specimens, or instances of it are ever to be met with; <as>as, a <ex>rare</ex> plant</as>. We speak of a thing as <i>scarce</i>, which, though usually abundant, is for the time being to be had only in diminished quantities; <as>as, a bad harvest makes corn <ex>scarce</ex></as>.</usage>

<blockquote>A perfect union of wit and judgment is one of the <b>rarest</b> things in the world.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When any particular piece of money grew very <b>scarce</b>, it was often recoined by a succeeding emperor.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rarebit</h1>
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<hw>Rare"bit</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A dainty morsel; a Welsh rabbit. See <cref>Welsh rabbit</cref>, under <er>Rabbit</er>.</def>

<h1>Raree-show</h1>
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<hw>Rar"ee-show`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. fr. <ets>rarity-show</ets>.]</ety> <def>A show carried about in a box; a peep show.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Rarefaction</h1>
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<hw>Rar`e*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rar\'82faction</ets>. See <er>Rarefy</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of rarefying; the state of being rarefied; -- opposed to <i>condensation</i>; <as>as, the <ex>rarefaction</ex> of air</as>.</def>

<h1>Rarefiable</h1>
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<hw>Rar"e*fi`a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rar\'82fiable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being rarefied.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Rarefy</h1>
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<hw>Rar"e*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rarefied</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rarefying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>rar\'82fier</ets>; L. <ets>rarus</ets> rare + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make; cf. L. <ets>rarefacere</ets>. See <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>To make rare, thin, porous, or less dense; to expand or enlarge without adding any new portion of matter to; -- opposed to <i>condense</i>.</def>

<h1>Rarefy</h1>
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<hw>Rar"e*fy</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become less dense; to become thin and porous.</def> "Earth <i>rarefies</i> to dew."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Rarely</h1>
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<hw>Rare"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a rare manner or degree; seldom; not often; <as>as, things <ex>rarely</ex> seen</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Finely; excellently; with rare skill. See 3d <er>Rare</er>, <er>2</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The person who played so <b>rarely</b> on the flageolet.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The rest of the spartments are <b>rarely</b> gilded.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rareness</h1>
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<hw>Rare"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being rare.</def>

<blockquote>And let the <b>rareness</b> the small gift commend.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rareripe</h1>
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<hw>Rare"ripe`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rare</ets> early + <ets>ripe</ets>. Cf. <er>Rathripe</er>.]</ety> <def>Early ripe; ripe before others, or before the usual season.</def>

<h1>Rareripe</h1>
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<hw>Rare"ripe`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An early ripening fruit, especially a kind of freestone peach.</def>

<h1>Rarification</h1>
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<hw>Rar`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Rarefaction</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Am. Chem. Journal.  </i>

<h1>Rarity</h1>
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<hw>Rar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rarities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>raritas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>raret\'82</ets>. See <er>Rare</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being rare; rareness; thinness; <as>as, the <ex>rarity</ex> (contrasted with the <ex>density</ex>) of gases</as>.</def>

<hr>
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<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is rare; an uncommon thing; a thing valued for its scarcity.</def>

<blockquote>I saw three <b>rarities</b> of different kinds, which pleased me more than any other shows in the place.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ras</h1>
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<hw>Ras</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 2d <er>Reis</er>.</def>

<h1>Rasante</h1>
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<hw>Ra`sante"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. pr. of <ets>raser</ets> to graze.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>Sweeping; grazing; -- applied to a style of fortification in which the command of the works over each other, and over the country, is kept very low, in order that the shot may more effectually sweep or graze the ground before them.</def>

<i>H. L. Scott.</i>

<h1>Rascal</h1>
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<hw>Ras"cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>rascaille</ets> rabble, probably from an OF. <ets>racaille</ets>, F. <ets>racaille</ets> the rabble, rubbish, probably akin to F. <ets>racler</ets> to scrape, (assumed) LL. <ets>rasiculare</ets>, <ets>rasicare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>radere</ets>, <ets>rasum</ets>. See <er>Rase</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the rabble; a low, common sort of person or creature; collectively, the rabble; the common herd; also, a lean, ill-conditioned beast, esp. a deer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He smote of the people seventy men, and fifty thousand of the <b>rascal</b>.
<i>Wyclif (1 Kings [1 Samuel] vi. 19).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Poor men alone? No, no; the noblest deer hath them [horns] as huge as the <b>rascal</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> A mean, trickish fellow; a base, dishonest person; a rogue; a scoundrel; a trickster.

<blockquote>For I have sense to serve my turn in store,
And he's a <b>rascal</b> who pretends to more.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rascal</h1>
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<hw>Ras`cal</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the common herd or common people; low; mean; base.</def>  "The <i>rascal</i> many." <i>Spencer</i>.  "The <i>rascal</i> people." <i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>While she called me <b>rascal</b> fiddler.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rascaldom</h1>
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<hw>Ras"cal*dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being a rascal; rascality; domain of rascals; rascals, collectively.</def>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Rascaless</h1>
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<hw>Ras"cal*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female rascal.</def> <mark>[Humorous]</mark>

<h1>Rascality</h1>
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<hw>Ras*cal`i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rascalities</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt></plu>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being rascally, or a rascal; mean trickishness or dishonesty; base fraud.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The poorer and lower classes of people.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The chief heads of their clans with their several <b>rascalities</b>
<i>T. Jackson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rascallion</h1>
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<hw>Ras*cal"lion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<er>From Rascal</er>]</ety> <def>A low, mean wretch</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rascalion</asp>.]</altsp><-- now rapscalion -->

<h1>Rascally</h1>
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<hw>Ras"cal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a rascal; trickish or dishonest; base; worthless; -- often in humorous disparagement, without implication of dishonesty.</def>

<blockquote>Our <b>rascally</b> porter is fallen fast asleep.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rase</h1>
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<hw>Rase</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rased</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>raser</ets>, LL. <ets>rasare</ets> to scrape often, v. freq. fr. L. <ets>radere</ets>, <ets>rasum</ets>, to scrape, shave; cf. Skr. <ets>rad</ets> to scratch, gnaw, L. <ets>rodere</ets> to gnaw. Cf. <er>Raze</er>, <er>Razee</er>, <er>Razor</er>, <er>Rodent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To rub along the surface of; to graze.</def><mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<blockquote>Was he not in the . . . neighborhood to death? and might not the bullet which <b>rased</b> his cheek have gone into his head?
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sometimes his feet <b>rased</b> the surface of water, and at others the skylight almost flattened his nose.
<i>Beckford.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rub or scratch out; to erase.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<blockquote>Except we <b>rase</b> the faculty of memory, root and branch, out of our mind.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To level with the ground; to overthrow; to destroy; to raze.</def> <altsp>[In this sense <asp>rase</asp> is generally used.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Till Troy were by their brave hands <b>rased</b>,
They would not turn home.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word, <i>rase</i>, may be considered as nearly obsolete; <i>graze</i>, <i>erase</i>, and <i>raze</i>, having superseded it.</note>

<cs><col>Rasing iron</col>, <cd>a tool for removing old oakum and pitch from the seams of a vessel.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To erase; efface; obliterate; expunge; cancel; level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert; destroy; demolish; ruin.</syn>

<h1>Rase</h1>
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<hw>Rase</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be leveled with the ground; to fall; to suffer overthrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rase</h1>
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<hw>Rase</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A scratching out, or erasure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A slight wound; a scratch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A way of measuring in which the commodity measured was made even with the top of the measuring vessel by rasing, or striking off, all that was above it.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Rash</h1>
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<hw>Rash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>arace</ets>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pull off or pluck violently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To slash; to hack; to slice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Rushing</b> of helms and riving plates asunder.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rash</h1>
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<hw>Rash</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>rashe</ets> an eruption, scurf, F. <ets>rache</ets>; fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>rasicare</ets> to scratch, fr. L. <ets>radere</ets>, <ets>rasum</ets>, to scrape, scratch, shave. See <er>Rase</er>, and cf. <er>Rascal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A fine eruption or efflorescence on the body, with little or no elevation.</def>

<cs><col>Canker rash</col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Nettle rash</col>. <cd>See <er>Urticaria</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rose rash</col>. <cd>See <er>Roseola</er>.</cd> -- <col>Tooth rash</col>. <cd>See <er>Red-gum</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rash</h1>
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<hw>Rash</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ras</ets> short-nap cloth, It. & Sp. <ets>raso</ets> satin (cf. <er>Rase</er>); or cf. It. <ets>rascia</ets> serge, G. <ets>rasch</ets>, probably fr. <ets>Arras</ets> in France (cf. <er>Arras</er>).]</ety> <def>An inferior kind of silk, or mixture of silk and worsted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Rash</h1>
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<hw>Rash</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Rasher</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Rashest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Probably of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. & Sw. <ets>rask</ets> quick, brisk, rash, Icel. <ets>r\'94skr</ets> vigorous, brave, akin to D. & G. <ets>rasch</ets> quick, of uncertain origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Sudden in action; quick; hasty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Strong as aconitum or <i>rash</i> gunpowder."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Requiring sudden action; pressing; urgent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I scarce have leisure to salute you,
My matter is so <b>rash</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Esp., overhasty in counsel or action; precipitate; resolving or entering on a project or measure without due deliberation and caution; opposed to <i>prudent</i>; said of persons; <as>as, a <ex>rash</ex> statesman or commander</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Uttered or undertaken with too much haste or too little reflection; <as>as, <ex>rash</ex> words; <ex>rash</ex> measures.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>So dry as to fall out of the ear with handling, as corn.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Precipitate; headlong; headstrong; foolhardy; hasty; indiscreet; heedless; thoughtless; incautious; careless; inconsiderate; unwary.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Rash</er>, <er>Adventurous</er>, <er>Foolhardy</er>. A man is <i>adventurous</i> who incurs risk or hazard from a love of the arduous and the bold. A man is <i>rash</i> who does it from the mere impulse of his feelings, without counting the cost. A man is <i>foolhardy</i> who throws himself into danger in disregard or defiance of the consequences.</usage>

<blockquote>Was never known a more <b>adventurous</b> knight.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Her <b>rush</b> hand in evil hour
Forth reaching to the fruit, she plucked, she eat.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If any yet to be <b>foolhardy</b>
To expose themselves to vain jeopardy;
If they come wounded off, and lame,
No honors got by such a maim.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rash</h1>
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<hw>Rash</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To prepare with haste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Rasher</h1>
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<hw>Rash"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[In sense 1, probably fr. <ets>rash</ets>, a., as being hastily cooked.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thin slice of bacon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A California rockfish (<spn>Sebastichthys miniatus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Rashful</h1>
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<hw>Rash"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rash; hasty; precipitate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rashling</h1>
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<hw>Rash"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rash person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rashly</h1>
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<hw>Rash"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a rush manner; with precipitation.</def>

<blockquote>He that doth anything <b>rashly</b>, must do it willingly; for he was free to deliberate or not.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rashness</h1>
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<hw>Rash"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of state of being rash.</def>

<blockquote>We offend . . . by <b>rashness</b>, which is an affirming or denying, before we have sufficiently informed ourselves.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Temerity; foolhardiness; precipitancy; precipitation; hastiness; indiscretion; heedlessness; inconsideration; carelessness. <er>See Temerity</er>.</syn>

<h1>Raskolnik</h1>
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<hw>Ras*kol"nik</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Russ. <ets>rascolenik'</ets> schismatic, heretic.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One of the separatists or dissenters from the established or Greek church in Russia.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rascolnik</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Rasores</h1>
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<hw>Ra*so`res</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[<er>NL</er>., fr. L. <ets>radere</ets>, <ets>rasum</ets>, to scratch. See <er>Rase</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of birds; the Gallin\'91.</def>

<note>&hand; Formely, the word <spn>Rasores</spn> was used in a wider sense, so as to include other birds now widely separated in classification.</note>

<h1>Rasorial</h1>
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<hw>Ra*so"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Rasores, or gallinaceous birds, as the peacock, domestic fowl, patridge, and the like.</def>

<h1>Rasour</h1>
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<hw>Ra"sour</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rasor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Rasp</h1>
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<hw>Rasp</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rasped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rasping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>rasper</ets>, F. <ets>r\'83per</ets>, to scrape, grate, rasp, fr. OHG. <ets>rasp&omac;n</ets> to scrape together, to collect, probably akin to E. <ets>rap</ets>. Cf. <er>Rap</er> to snatch.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To rub or file with a rasp; to rub or grate with a rough file; <as>as, to <ex>rasp</ex> wood to make it smooth; to <ex>rasp</ex> bones to powder.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, figuratively: To grate harshly upon; to offend by coarse or rough treatment or language; <as>as, some sounds <ex>rasp</ex> the ear; his insults <ex>rasped</ex> my temper.</as></def>

<h1>Rasp</h1>
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<hw>Rasp</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>raspe</ets>, OF. <ets>raspe</ets>, F. <ets>r\'83pe</ets>. See <er>Rasp</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A coarse file, on which the cutting prominences are distinct points raised by the oblique stroke of a sharp punch, instead of lines raised by a chisel, as on the true file.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The raspberry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Set sorrel amongst <i>rasps</i>, and the <i>rasps</i> will be smaller."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<cs><col>Rasp palm</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a Brazilian palm tree (<spn>Iriartea exorhiza</spn>) which has strong a\'89rial roots like a screw pine. The roots have a hard, rough surface, and are used by the natives for graters and rasps, whence the common name.</cd></cs>

<h1>Raspatorium</h1>
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<hw>Ras`pa*to"ri*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Raspatory</er>.</def>

<h1>Raspatory</h1>
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<hw>Rasp"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>raspatorium</ets>: cf. F. <ets>raspatoir</ets>. See <er>Rasp</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <def>A surgeon's rasp.</def>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Raspberry</h1>
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<hw>Rasp"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>, <ety>[From E. <ets>rasp</ets>, in allusion to the apparent roughness of the fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The thimble-shaped fruit of the <spn>Rubus Id\'91us</spn> and other similar brambles; <as>as, the black, the red and the white <ex>raspberry</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The shrub bearing this fruit.</def>

<note>&hand; Technically, raspberries are those brambles in which the fruit separates readily from the core or receptacle, in this differing from the blackberries, in which the fruit is firmly attached to the receptacle.</note>

<h1>Rasper</h1>
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<hw>Rasp"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or which, rasps; a scraper.</def>

<h1>Raspis</h1>
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<hw>Ras"pis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The raspberry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Langham.</i>

<h1>Raspy</h1>
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<hw>Rasp"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a rasp, or the sound made by a rasp; grating.</def>

<i>R. D. Blackmore.</i>

<h1>Rasse</h1>
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<hw>Rasse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Malay <ets>r\'besa</ets> taste, sensation.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carnivore (<spn>Viverricula Mallaccensis</spn>) allied to the civet but smaller, native of China and the East Indies. It furnishes a perfume resembling that of the civet, which is highly prized by the Javanese. Called also <altname>Malacca weasel</altname>, and <altname>lesser civet</altname>.</def>

<h1>Rasure</h1>
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<hw>Ra"sure</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rasura</ets>, fr. <ets>radere</ets>, <ets>rasum</ets>, to scrape, to shave. See <er>Rase</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of rasing, scraping, or erasing; erasure; obliteration.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mark by which a letter, word, or any part of a writing or print, is erased, effaced, or obliterated; an erasure.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Rat</h1>
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<hw>Rat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>r\'91t</ets>; akin to D. <ets>rat</ets>, OHG. <ets>rato</ets>, <ets>ratta</ets>, G. <ets>ratte</ets>, <ets>ratze</ets>, OLG. <ets>ratta</ets>, LG. & Dan. <ets>rotte</ets>, Sw. <ets>r\'86tta</ets>, F. <ets>rat</ets>, Ir. & Gael <ets>radan</ets>, Armor. <ets>raz</ets>, of unknown origin. Cf. <er>Raccoon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the several species of small rodents of the genus <spn>Mus</spn> and allied genera, larger than mice, that infest houses, stores, and ships, especially the Norway, or brown, rat (<spn>M. Alexandrinus</spn>). These were introduced into Anerica from the Old World.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A round and tapering mass of hair, or similar material, used by women to support the puffs and rolls of their natural hair.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who deserts his party or associates; hence, in the trades, one who works for lower wages than those prescribed by a trades union.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<note>&hand; "It so chanced that, not long after the accession of the house of Hanover, some of the brown, that is the German or Norway, rats, were first brought over to this country (in some timber as is said); and being much stronger than the black, or, till then, the common, rats, they in many places quite extirpated the latter. The word (both the noun and the verb to <i>rat</i>) was first, as we have seen, leveled at the converts to the government of George the First, but has by degrees obtained a wide meaning, and come to be applied to any sudden and mercenary change in politics."
<i>Lord Mahon.</i>
</note>

<cs><col>Bamboo rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any Indian rodent of the genus <spn>Rhizomys</spn>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Beaver rat</col>, <col>Coast rat</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Beaver</er> and <er>Coast</er>. -- <col>Blind rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the mole rat.</cd> -- <col>Cotton rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a long-haired rat (<spn>Sigmodon hispidus</spn>), native of the Southern United States and Mexico. It makes its nest of cotton and is often injurious to the crop.</cd> -- <col>Ground rat</col>. <cd>See <cref>Ground Pig</cref>, under <er>Ground</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hedgehog rat</col>. <cd>See under <er>Hedgehog</er>.</cd> -- <col>Kangaroo rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the potoroo.</cd> -- <col>Norway rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common brown rat. See <er>Rat</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pouched rat</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Pocket Gopher</cref>, under <er>Pocket</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Any African rodent of the genus <spn>Cricetomys</spn>. <col>Rat Indians</col> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld>, <cd>a tribe of Indians dwelling near Fort Ukon, Alaska. They belong to Athabascan stock.</cd> -- <col>Rat mole</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Mole rat</cref>, under <er>Mole</er>. -- <col>Rat pit<col>, <cd>an inclosed space into which rats are put to be killed by a dog for sport.</cd></cd> -- <col>Rat snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large colubrine snake (<spn>Ptyas mucosus</spn>) very common in India and Ceylon. It enters dwellings, and destroys rats, chickens, etc.</cd> -- <col>Spiny rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any South America rodent of the genus <spn>Echinomys</spn>.</cd> -- <col>To smell a rat</col>. <cd>See under <er>Smell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Wood rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any American rat of the genus <spn>Neotoma</spn>, especially <spn>N. Floridana</spn>, common in the Southern United States. Its feet and belly are white.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rat</h1>
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<hw>Rat</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ratted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ratting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In English politics, to desert one's party from interested motives; to forsake one's associates for one's own advantage; in the trades, to work for less wages, or on other conditions, than those established by a trades union.</def>

<blockquote>Coleridge . . . incurred the reproach of having <b>ratted</b>, solely by his inability to follow the friends of his early days.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To catch or kill rats.</def>

<-- rat on (someone), to inform on an associate,to squeal. -->

<h1>Rata</h1>
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<hw>Ra"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Maori.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A New Zealand forest tree (<spn>Metrosideros robusta</spn>), also, its hard dark red wood, used by the Maoris for paddles and war clubs.</def>

<h1>Ratability</h1>
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<hw>Rat`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being ratable.</def>

<h1>Ratable</h1>
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<hw>Rat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being rated, or set at a certain value.</def>

<blockquote>Twenty or\'91 were <b>ratable</b> to [at] two marks of silver.
<i>Camden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Liable to, or subjected by law to, taxation; <as>as, <ex>ratable</ex> estate</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Made at a proportionate rate; <as>as, <ex>ratable</ex> payments</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Rat"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Rat"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ratafia</h1>
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<hw>Rat`a*fi"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Malay <ets>arak</ets> arrack + <ets>t\'bef\'c6a</ets> a spirit distilled from molasses.]</ety> <def>A spirituous liquor flavored with the kernels of cherries, apricots, peaches, or other fruit, spiced, and sweetened with sugar; -- a term applied to the liqueurs called <i>noyau</i>, <i>cura&cced;ao</i>, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ratifia</asp> and <asp>ratafee</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Ratan</h1>
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<hw>Ra*tan"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Rattan</er>.</def>

<h1>Ratany</h1>
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<hw>Rat"a*ny</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rhatany</er>.</def>

<h1>Rataplan</h1>
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<hw>Ra`ta`plan"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The iterative sound of beating a drum, or of a galloping horse.</def>

<h1>Ratch</h1>
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<hw>Ratch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rotche</er>.</def>

<h1>Ratch</h1>
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<hw>Ratch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Rack</er> the instrument, <er>Ratchet</er>.]</ety> <def>A ratchet wheel, or notched bar, with which a pawl or chick works.</def>

<h1>Ratchel</h1>
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<hw>Ratch"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Gravelly stone.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Ratchet</h1>
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<hw>Ratch"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Properly a diminutive from the same word as <ets>rack</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rochet</ets>. See 2d <er>Ratch</er>, <er>Rack</er> the instrument.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pawl, click, or detent, for holding or propelling a ratchet wheel, or ratch, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A mechanism composed of a ratchet wheel, or ratch, and pawl.  See <cref>Ratchet wheel</cref>, below, and 2d <er>Ratch</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Ratchet brace</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a boring brace, having a ratchet wheel and pawl for rotating the tool by back and forth movements of the brace handle.</cd> -- <col>Ratchet drill</col>, <cd>a portable machine for working a drill by hand, consisting of a hand lever carrying at one end a drill holder which is revolved by means of a ratchet wheel and pawl, by swinging the lever back and forth.</cd> -- <col>Ratchet wheel</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a circular wheel having teeth, usually angular, with which a reciprocating pawl engages to turn the wheel forward, or a stationary pawl to hold it from turning backward.</cd></cs>

<-- illustr. Ratchet wheel and ilustr. of ratchet drill -->

<note>&hand; In the cut, the moving pawl <i>c</i> slides over the teeth in one direction, but in returning, draws the wheel with it, while the pawl <i>d</i> prevents it from turning in the contrary direction.</note>

<hr>
<page="1191">
Page 1191<p>

<h1>Rate</h1>
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<hw>Rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Perh. fr. E. <ets>rate</ets>, v. t., to value at a certain rate, to estimate, but more prob. fr. Sw. <ets>rata</ets> to find fault, to blame, to despise, to hold cheap; cf. Icel. <ets>hrat</ets> refuse, <ets>hrati</ets> rubbish.]</ety> <def>To chide with vehemence; to scold; to censure violently.</def>

<i>Spencer.</i>

<blockquote>Go, <b>rate</b> thy minions, proud, insulting boy!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Conscience is a check to beginners in sin, reclaiming them from it, and <b>rating</b> them for it.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rate</h1>
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<hw>Rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF., fr. L. <ets>rata</ets> (sc. <ets>pars</ets>), fr. <ets>ratus</ets> reckoned, fixed by calculation, p. p. of <ets>reri</ets> to reckon, to calculate. Cf. <er>Reason</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Established portion or measure; fixed allowance.</def>

<blockquote>The one right feeble through the evil <b>rate</b>,
Of food which in her duress she had found.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is established as a measure or criterion; degree; standard; rank; proportion; ratio; <as>as, a slow <ex>rate</ex> of movement; <ex>rate</ex> of interest is the ratio of the interest to the principal, per annum.</as></def>

<blockquote>Heretofore the <b>rate</b> and standard of wit was different from what it is nowadays.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In this did his holiness and godliness appear above the <b>rate</b> and pitch of other men's, in that he was so . . . merciful.
<i>Calamy.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Many of the horse could not march at that <b>rate</b>, nor come up soon enough.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Variation; prise fixed with relation to a standard; cost; charge; <as>as, high or low <ex>rates</ex> of transportation</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They come at dear <b>rates</b> from Japan.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A tax or sum assessed by authority on property for public use, according to its income or value; esp., in England, a local tax; <as>as, parish <ex>rates</ex>; town <ex>rates</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Order; arrangement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thus sat they all around in seemly <b>rate</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Ratification; approval.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Horol.)</fld> <def>The gain or loss of a timepiece in a unit of time; <as>as, daily <ex>rate</ex>; hourly <ex>rate</ex>; etc.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The order or class to which a war vessel belongs, determined according to its size, armament, etc.; <as>as, first <ex>rate</ex>, second <ex>rate</ex>, etc</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The class of a merchant vessel for marine insurance, determined by its relative safety as a risk, as A1, A2, etc.</def>

<h1>Rate</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set a certain estimate on; to value at a certain price or degree.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>rate</b> a man by the nature of his companions is a rule frequent indeed, but not infallible.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You seem not high enough your joys to <b>rate</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To assess for the payment of a rate or tax.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To settle the relative scale, rank, position, amount, value, or quality of; <as>as, to <ex>rate</ex> a ship; to <ex>rate</ex> a seaman; to <ex>rate</ex> a pension.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To ratify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>rate</i> the truce."  <i>Chapman</i>.

<cs><col>To rate a chronometer</col>, <cd>to ascertain the exact rate of its gain or loss as compared with true time, so as to make an allowance or computation depended thereon.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To value; appraise; estimate; reckon.</syn>

<h1>Rate</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be set or considered in a class; to have rank; <as>as, the ship <ex>rates</ex> as a ship of the line</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make an estimate.</def>

<h1>Rateable</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rate"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Ratable</er>.</def>

<h1>Ratel</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra"tel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any carnivore of the genus <spn>Mellivora</spn>, allied to the weasels and the skunks; -- called also <altname>honey badger</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; Several species are known in Africa and India. The Cape ratel (<spn>M. Capensis</spn>) and the Indian ratel (<spn>M. Indica</spn>) are the best known.  The back is gray; the lower parts, face, and tail are black. They are fond of honey, and rob the nests of wild bees.</note>

<h1>Ratepayer</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rate"pay`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who pays rates or taxes.</def>

<h1>Rater</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rat"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rates or estimates.</def>

<h1>Rater</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rat"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rates or scolds.</def>

<h1>Ratfish</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rat"fish`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rat-tail</er>.</def>

<h1>Rath</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rath</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ir. <ets>rath</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A hill or mound.</def> <mark>[Ireland]</mark>

<i>Spencer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A kind of ancient fortification found in Ireland.</def>

<h1>Rath, Rathe</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw><hw>Rath</hw>, <hw>Rathe</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hr\'91\'eb</ets>, <ets>hr\'91d</ets>, quick, akin to OHG. <ets>hrad</ets>, Icel. <ets>hra\'ebr</ets>.]</ety> <def>Coming before others, or before the usual time; early.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Bring the <b>rathe</b> primrose that forsaken dies.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rath, Rathe</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw><hw>Rath</hw>, <hw>Rathe</hw>,<hw> <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Early; soon; betimes.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>Why rise ye up so <b>rathe</b>?
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Too <b>rathe</b> cut off by practice criminal.
<i>Spencer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rather</h1>
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<hw>Rath"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Compar. of <er>Rath</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>Prior; earlier; former.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Now no man dwelleth at the <b>rather</b> town.
<i>Sir J. Mandeville.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rather</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rath"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hra\'ebor</ets>, compar. of <ets>hra\'ebe</ets>, <ets>hr\'91\'ebe</ets>, quickly, immediately. See <er>Rath</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Earlier; sooner; before.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou shalt, quod he, be <b>rather</b> false than I.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A good mean to come the <b>rather</b> to grace.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>More readily or willingly; preferably.</def>

<blockquote>My soul chooseth . . . death <b>rather</b> than my life.
<i>Job vii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>On the other hand; to the contrary of what was said or suggested; instead.</def>

<blockquote>Was nothing bettered, but <b>rather</b> grew worse.
<i>Mark v. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Of two alternatives conceived of, by preference to, or as more likely than, the other; somewhat.</def>

<blockquote>He sought throughout the world, but sought in vain,
And nowhere finding, <b>rather</b> feared her slain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>More properly; more correctly speaking.</def>

<blockquote>This is an art
Which does mend nature, change it <b>rather</b>, but
The art itself is nature.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>In some degree; somewhat; <as>as, the day is <ex>rather</ex> warm; the house is <ex>rather</ex> damp.</as></def>

<cs><col>The rather</col>, <cd>the more so; especially; for better reason; for particular cause.</cd>

<blockquote>You are come to me in happy time,
<b>The rather</b> for I have some sport in hand.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <mcol><col>Had rather</col>, &or; <col>Would rather</col></mcol>, <cd>prefer to; prefers to; <as>as, he <ex>had, &or; would, rather</ex> go than stay</as>.</cd> "I <i>had rather</i> speak five words with my understanding than ten thousands words in an unknown tongue." <i>1 Cor. xiv. 19</i>. See <cref>Had rather</cref>, under <er>Had</er>.</cs>

<h1>Rathripe</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rath"ripe`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rareripe, or early ripe.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A rareripe.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark></def2>

<blockquote>Such who delight in <b>rathripe</b> fruits.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ratification</h1>
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<hw>Rat`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ratification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of ratifying; the state of being ratified; confirmation; sanction; <as>as, the <ex>ratification</ex> of a treaty</as>.

<h1>Ratifier</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rat"i*fi`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, ratifies; a confirmer.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ratify</h1>
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<hw>Rat"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ratified</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ratifying</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ratifier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ratus</ets> fixed by calculation, firm, valid + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>Rate</er>, <tt>n.<tt>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <def>To approve and sanction; to make valid; to establish; to settle; especially, to give sanction to, as something done by an agent or servant; <as>as, to <ex>ratify</ex> an agreement, treaty, or contract; to <ex>ratify</ex> a nomination.</as></def>

<blockquote>It is impossible for the divine power to set a seal to a lie by <b>ratifying</b> an imposture with such a miracle.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ratihabition</h1>
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<hw>Rat`i*ha*bi"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ratihabitio</ets>; <ets>ratus</ets> fixed, valid + <ets>habere</ets> to hold.]</ety> <def>Confirmation or approbation, as of an act or contract.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Tailor.</i>

<h1>Ratio</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra"ti*o</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>reri</ets>, <ets>ratus</ets>, to reckon, believe, think, judge. See <er>Reason</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The relation which one quantity or magnitude has to another of the same kind. It is expressed by the quotient of the division of the first by the second; thus, the ratio of 3 to 6 is expressed by <frac36/ or <frac12/; of <it>a</it> to <it>b</it> by <fract>a/b</fract>; or (less commonly) the second is made the dividend; as, <mathex>a:b = <fract>b/a</fract></mathex>.</def>

<note>&hand; Some writers consider <i>ratio</i> as the quotient itself, making ratio equivalent to a number.

The term <i>ratio</i> is also sometimes applied to the <i>difference</i> of two quantities as well as to their quotient, in which case the former is called <i>arithmetical ratio</i>, the latter, <i>geometrical ratio</i>. The name <i>ratio</i> is sometimes given to the <i>rule of three</i> in arithmetic. See under <er>Rule</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, fixed relation of number, quantity, or degree; rate; proportion; <as>as, the ratio of representation in Congress</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Compound ratio</col>, <col>Duplicate ratio</col>, <col>Inverse ratio</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>Compound</er>, <er>Duplicate</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Ratio of a geometrical progression</col>, <cd>the constant quantity by which each term is multiplied to produce the succeeding one.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ratiocinate</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra`ti*oc"i*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ratiocinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ratiocinari</ets>, fr. <ets>ratio</ets> reason. See <er>Ratio</er>.]</ety> <def>To reason, esp. deductively; to offer reason or argument.</def>

<h1>Ratiocination</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra`ti*oc"i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ratiocinatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ratiocination</ets>.]</ety> <def>The process of reasoning, or deducing conclusions from premises; deductive reasoning.</def>

<h1>Ratiocinative</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra`ti*oc"i*na*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ratiocinativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by, or addicted to, ratiocination; consisting in the comparison of proportions or facts, and the deduction of inferences from the comparison; argumentative; <as>as, a <ex>ratiocinative</ex> process</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>ratiocinative</b> meditativeness of his character.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ratiocinatory</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra`ti*oc"i*na*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ratiocinative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ration</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>ratio</ets> a reckoning, calculation, relation, reference, LL. <ets>ratio</ets> ration. See <er>Ratio</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fixed daily allowance of provisions assigned to a soldier in the army, or a sailor in the navy, for his subsistence.</def>

<note>&hand; Officers have several rations, the number varying according to their rank or the number of their attendants.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, a certain portion or fixed amount dealt out; an allowance; an allotment.</def>

<h1>Ration</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra"tion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To supply with rations, as a regiment.</def>

<h1>Rational</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra"tion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rationalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rationnel</ets>. See <er>Ratio</er>, <er>Reason</er>, and cf. <er>Rationale</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relating to reason; not physical; mental.</def>

<blockquote>Moral philosophy was his chiefest end; for the <b>rational</b>, the natural, and mathematics . . . were but simple pastimes in comparison of the other.
<i>Sir T. North.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having reason, or the faculty of reasoning; endowed with reason or understanding; reasoning.</def>

<blockquote>It is our glory and happiness to have a <b>rational</b> nature.
<i>Law.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Agreeable to reason; not absurd, preposterous, extravagant, foolish, fanciful, or the like; wise; judicious; <as>as, <ex>rational</ex> conduct; a <ex>rational</ex> man.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Expressing the type, structure, relations, and reactions of a compound; graphic; -- said of formul\'91. See under <er>Formula</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Rational horizon</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Horizon</er>, 2 <sd>(b)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Rational quantity</col> <fld>(Alg. )</fld>, <cd>one that can be expressed without the use of a radical sign, or in extract parts of unity; -- opposed to <i>irrational<i> or <i>radical quantity<i>.</cd> -- <col>Rational symptom</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>one elicited by the statements of the patient himself and not as the result of a physical examination.</cd></cs>
<-- rational drug design. -->

<syn>Syn. -- Sane; sound; intelligent; reasonable; sensible; wise; discreet; judicious.</syn>  -- <usage><er>Rational</er>, <er>reasonable</er>. <i>Rational</i> has reference to reason as a faculty of the mind, and is opposed to traditional; <as>as, a <ex>rational</ex> being, a <ex>rational</ex> state of mind, <ex>rational</ex> views, etc</as>. In these cases the speculative reason is more particularly, referred to. <i>Reasonable</i> has reference to the exercise of this faculty for practical purposes, and means, governed or directed by reason; <as>as, <ex>reasonable</ex> prospect of success</as>.</usage>

<blockquote>What higher in her society thou find'st
Attractive, human, <b>rational</b>, love still.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A law may be <b>reasonable</b> in itself, although a man does not allow it, or does not know the reason of the lawgivers.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rational</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra"tion*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rational being.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Rationale</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra`tion*a"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rationalis</ets>, neut. <ets>rationale</ets>. See <er>Rational</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <def>An explanation or exposition of the principles of some opinion, action, hypothesis, phenomenon, or like; also, the principles themselves.</def>

<h1>Rationalism</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra"tion*al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rationalisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The doctrine or system of those who deduce their religious opinions from reason or the understanding, as distinct from, or opposed to, revelation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The system that makes rational power the ultimate test of truth; -- opposed to <i>sensualism</i>, or <i>sensationalism</i>, and <i>empiricism</i>.</def>

<i>Fleming.</i>

<h1>Rationalist</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra"tion*al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rationaliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who accepts rationalism as a theory or system; also, disparagingly, a false reasoner. See Citation under <er>Reasonist</er>.</def>

<h1>Rationalistic, Rationalistical</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw><hw>Ra`tion*al*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to, or in accordance with, the principles of rationalism.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Rationality</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra`tion*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ties</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>rationalit\'82</ets>, or L. <ets>rationalitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being rational; agreement with reason; possession of reason; due exercise of reason; reasonableness.</def>

<blockquote>When God has made <b>rationality</b> the common portion of mankind, how came it to be thy inclosure?
<i>Gov. of Tongue.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Well-directed intentions, whose <b>rationalities</b> will never bear a rigid examination.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rationalization</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra`tion*al*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of rationalizing.</def>

<h1>Rationalize</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra"tion*al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make rational; also, to convert to rationalism.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To interpret in the manner of a rationalist.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To form a rational conception of.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>To render rational; to free from radical signs or quantities.</def>

<h1>Rationalize</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra"tion*al*ize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To use, and rely on, reason in forming a theory, belief, etc., especially in matters of religion: to accord with the principles of rationalism.</def>

<blockquote>Theodore . . . is just considered the chief <b>rationalizing</b> doctor of antiquity.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rationally</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra"tion*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a rational manner.</def>

<h1>Rationalness</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra"tion*al*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being rational; rationality.</def>

<h1>Ratit\'91</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra*ti"t\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>ratis</ets> a raft; cf. L. <ets>ratitus</ets> marked with the figure of a raft.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of birds in which the wings are small, rudimentary, or absent, and the breastbone is destitute of a keel. The ostrich, emu, and apteryx are examples.</def>

<h1>Ratitate</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rat"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Ratit\'91.</def>

<h1>Ratite</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rat"ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Ratit\'91.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One of the Ratit\'91.</def></def2>

<h1>Ratlines, ratlins</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw><hw>Rat"lines</hw>, <hw>rat"lins</hw><hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The small transverse ropes attached to the shrouds and forming the steps of a rope ladder.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ratlings</asp>, and <asp>rattlings</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Raton</h1>
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<hw>Rat"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Raccoon</er>.]</ety> <def>A small rat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Ratoon</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra*toon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Same as <er>Rattoon</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rattan cane.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Pepys.</i>

<h1>Ratoon</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Ra*toon"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Rattoon</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<h1>Ratsbane</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rats"bane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rat</ets> + <ets>bane</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rat poison; white arsenic.</def>

<h1>Ratsbaned</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rats"baned`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Poisoned by ratsbane.</def>

<h1>Rat-tail</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rat"-tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a rat's tale in form; <as>as, a <ex>rat-tail</ex> file, which is round, slender, and tapering</as>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>File</er>.</def>

<h1>Rat-tail</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rat"-tail`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An excrescence growing from the pastern to the middle of the shank of a horse.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The California chim\'91ra. See <er>Chim\'91ra</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any fish of the genus <spn>Macrurus</spn>. See <er>Grenadier</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Rat-tailed</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rat"-tailed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a long, tapering tail like that of a rat.</def>

<cs><col>Rat-tailed larva</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of a fly of the genus Eristalis. See <er>Eristalis</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rat-tailed serpent</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the fer-de-lance.</cd> -- <col>Rat-tailed shrew</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the musk shrew.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rattan</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rat*tan"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malay <ets>r&omac;tan</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ratan</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Bot. )</fld> <def>One of the long slender flexible stems of several species of palms of the genus <spn>Calamus</spn>, mostly East Indian, though some are African and Australian. They are exceedingly tough, and are used for walking sticks, wickerwork, chairs and seats of chairs, cords and cordage, and many other purposes.</def>

<h1>Ratteen</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rat*teen"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ratine</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thick woolen stuff quilled or twilled.</def>

<h1>Ratten</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rat"ten</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>ratten</ets> a rat, hence the verb literally means, to do mischief like a rat.]</ety> <def>To deprive feloniously of the tools used in one's employment (as by breaking or stealing them), for the purpose of annoying; <as>as, to <ex>ratten</ex> a mechanic who works during a strike</as>.</def> <mark>[Trades-union Cant]</mark>

<i>J. McCarthy.</i>

<h1>Ratter</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rat"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, rats, as one who deserts his party.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything which catches rats; esp., a dog trained to catch rats; a rat terrier. See <er>Terrier</er>.</def>

<h1>Rattinet</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rat`ti*net"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A woolen stuff thinner than ratteen.</def>

<h1>Ratting</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rat"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The conduct or practices of one who rats.  See <er>Rat</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, 1.</def>

<i>Sydney Smith.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The low sport of setting a dog upon rats confined in a pit to see how many he will kill in a given time.</def>

<h1>Rattle</h1>
<Xpage=1191>

<hw>Rat"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rattled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rattling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>ratelen</ets>, G. <ets>rasseln</ets>, AS. <ets>hr\'91tele</ets> a rattle, in <ets>hr\'91tel</ets>wyrt rattlewort; cf. Gr. <?/  to swing, wave. Cf. <er>Rail</er> a bird.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a quick succession of sharp, inharmonious noises, as by the collision of hard and not very sonorous bodies shaken together; to clatter.</def>

<blockquote>And the rude hail in <b>rattling</b> tempest forms.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>'T was but the wind,
Or the car <b>rattling</b> o'er the stony street.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1192">
Page 1192<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To drive or ride briskly, so as to make a clattering; <as>as, we <ex>rattled</ex> along for a couple of miles</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make a clatter with a voice; to talk rapidly and idly; to clatter; -- with <i>on</i> or <i>away</i>; <as>as, she <ex>rattled</ex> on for an hour</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Rattle</h1>
<Xpage=1192>

<hw>Rat"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to make a ratting or clattering sound; <as>as, to <ex>rattle</ex> a chain</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To assail, annoy, or stun with a ratting noise</def>.

<blockquote>Sound but another [drum], and another shall
As loud as thine <b>rattle</b> the welkin's ear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, to disconcert; to confuse; <as>as, to <ex>rattle</ex> one's judgment; to <ex>rattle</ex> a player in a game.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To scold; to rail at.</def>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<cs><col>To rattle off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To tell glibly or noisily; as, to <i>rattle off<i> a story</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To rail at; to scold</cd>. "She would sometimes <i>rattle off<i> her servants sharply."</cd> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></cs>

<h1>Rattle</h1>
<Xpage=1192>

<hw>Rat"tle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rapid succession of sharp, clattering sounds; <as>as, the <ex>rattle</ex> of a drum</as>.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Noisy, rapid talk.</def>

<blockquote>All this ado about the golden age is but an empty <b>rattle</b> and frivolous conceit.
<i>Hakewill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An instrument with which a ratting sound is made; especially, a child's toy that rattle when shaken.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>rattles</b> of Isis and the cymbals of Brasilea nearly enough resemble each other.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Pleased with a <b>rattle</b>, tickled with a straw.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A noisy, senseless talker; a jabberer.</def>

<blockquote>It may seem strange that a man who wrote with so much perspicuity, vivacity, and grace, should have been, whenever he took a part in conversation, an empty, noisy, blundering <b>rattle</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A scolding; a sharp rebuke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Heylin.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any organ of an animal having a structure adapted to produce a ratting sound.</def>

<note>&hand; The <i>rattle</i> of the rattlesnake is composed of the hardened terminal scales, loosened in succession, but not cast off, and so modified in form as to make a series of loose, hollow joints.</note>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>The noise in the throat produced by the air in passing through mucus which the lungs are unable to expel; -- chiefly observable at the approach of death, when it is called the <i>death rattle</i>. See <er>R&acir;le</er>.</def>

<cs><col>To spring a rattle</col>, <cd>to cause it to sound.</cd> -- <col>Yellow rattle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a yellow-flowered herb (<spn>Rhinanthus Crista-galli</spn>), the ripe seeds of which rattle in the inflated calyx.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rattlebox</h1>
<Xpage=1192>

<hw>Rat"tle*box`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A toy that makes a rattle sound; a rattle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An American herb (<spn>Crotalaria sagittalis</spn>), the seeds of which, when ripe, rattle in the inflated pod.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any species of <spn>Crotalaria</spn>, a genus of yellow-flowered herbs, with inflated, many-seeded pods.</def>

<h1>Rattle-brained</h1>
<Xpage=1192>

<hw>Rat"tle-brained`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giddy; rattle-headed.</def>

<h1>Rattlehead</h1>
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<hw>Rat"tle*head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An empty, noisy talker.</def>

<h1>Rattle-headed</h1>
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<hw>Rat"tle-head`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Noisy; giddy; unsteady.</def>

<h1>Rattlemouse</h1>
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<hw>Rat"tle*mouse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A bat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Puttenham.</i>

<h1>Rattlepate</h1>
<Xpage=1192>

<hw>Rat"tle*pate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rattlehead.</def>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Rattle-pated</h1>
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<hw>Rat"tle-pat`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rattle-headed.</def> "A noisy, <i>rattle-pated</i> fellow."

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<h1>Rattler</h1>
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<hw>Rat"tler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, rattles.</def>

<h1>Rattlesnake</h1>
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<hw>Rat"tle*snake`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of venomous American snakes belonging to the genera <spn>Crotalus</spn> and <spn>Caudisona</spn>, or <spn>Sistrurus</spn>. They have a series of horny interlocking joints at the end of the tail which make a sharp ratting sound when shaken. The common rattlesnake of the Northern United States (<spn>Crotalus horridus</spn>), and the diamond rattlesnake of the south (<spn>C. adamanteus</spn>), are the best known. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Fang</er>.</def>
<-- also called rattler, and C. adamateus, and C. atrox are also called the diamondback rattler, or diamondback. -->

<cs><col>Ground rattlesnake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small rattlesnake (<spn>Caudisona, &or; Sistrurus, miliaria</spn>) of the Southern United States, having a small rattle. It has nine large scales on its head.</cd> -- <col>Rattlesnake fern</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a common American fern (<spn>Botrychium Virginianum</spn>) having a triangular decompound frond and a long-stalked panicle of spore cases rising from the middle of the frond.</cd> -- <col>Rattlesnake grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a handsome American grass (<spn>Glyceria Canadensis</spn>) with an ample panicle of rather large ovate spikelets, each one composed of imbricated parts and slightly resembling the rattle of the rattlesnake. Sometimes called <altname>quaking grass</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Rattlesnake plantain</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>See under <er>Plantain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rattlesnake root</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to certain American species of the composite genus <spn>Prenanthes</spn> (<spn>P. alba</spn> and <spn>P. serpentaria</spn>), formerly asserted to cure the bite of the rattlesnake. Calling also <altname>lion's foot</altname>, <altname>gall of the earth</altname>, and <altname>white lettuce</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Rattlesnake's master</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A species of Agave (<spn>Agave Virginica</spn>) growing in the Southern United States</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An umbelliferous plant (<spn>Eryngium yucc\'91folium</spn>) with large bristly-fringed linear leaves</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A composite plant, the blazing star (<spn>Liatris squarrosa</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Rattlesnake weed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the composite genus <spn>Hieracium</spn> (<spn>H. venosum</spn>); -- probably so named from its spotted leaves. See also <er>Snakeroot</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rattletrap</h1>
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<hw>Rat"tle*trap`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Any machine or vehicle that does not run smoothly.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>A. Trollope.</i>

<h1>Rattleweed</h1>
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<hw>Rat"tle*weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any plant of the genus <spn>Astragalus</spn>. See <er>Milk vetch</er>.</def>

<h1>Rattlewings</h1>
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<hw>Rat"tle*wings`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The golden-eye.</def>

<h1>Rattlewort</h1>
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<hw>Rat"tle*wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hr\'91telwyrt</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rattlebox</er>.</def>

<h1>Rattlings</h1>
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<hw>Rat"tlings</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Ratlines.</def>

<h1>Rattoon</h1>
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<hw>Rat*toon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>reto\'a4o</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of the stems or shoots of sugar cane of the second year's growth from the root, or later. See <er>Plant-cane</er>.</def>

<h1>Rattoon</h1>
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<hw>Rat*toon"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rattooned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rattooning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Sp. <ets>reto\'a4ar</ets>.]</ety> <def>To sprout or spring up from the root, as sugar cane of the previous year's planting.</def>

<h1>Raucid</h1>
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<hw>Rau"cid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>raucus</ets> hoarse; cf. LL. <ets>raucidus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hoarse; raucous</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Raucity</h1>
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<hw>Rau"ci*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rausitas</ets>, from <ets>raucus</ets> hoarse: cf. F. <ets>raucit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Harshness of sound; rough utterance; hoarseness; <as>as, the <ex>raucity</ex> of a trumpet, or of the human voice</as>.</def>

<h1>Raucous</h1>
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<hw>Rau"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>raucus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hoarse; harsh; rough; <as>as, a <ex>raucous</ex>, thick tone</as>.</def> "His voice slightly <i>raucous</i>." <i>Aytoun</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Rau"cous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Raught</h1>
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<hw>Raught</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Reach</er>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Raught</h1>
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<hw>Raught</hw>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Reck</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Raunch</h1>
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<hw>Raunch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Ranch</er>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Raunsoun</h1>
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<hw>Raun*soun"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ransom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ravage</h1>
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<hw>Rav"age</hw> <tt>(?; 48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. (assumed) L. <ets>rapagium</ets>, <ets>rapaticum</ets>, fr. <ets>rapere</ets> to carry off by force, to ravish. See <er>Rapacious</er>, <er>Ravish</er>.]</ety> <def>Desolation by violence; violent ruin or destruction; devastation; havoc; waste; <as>as, the <ex>ravage</ex> of a lion; the <ex>ravages</ex> of fire or tempest; the <ex>ravages</ex> of an army, or of time.</as></def>
<-- ravages of time -->

<blockquote>Would one think 't were possible for love
To make such <b>ravage</b> in a noble soul?
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Despoilment; devastation; desolation; pillage; plunder; spoil; waste; ruin.</syn>

<h1>Ravage</h1>
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<hw>Rav"age</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ravaged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ravaging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ravager</ets>. See <er>Ravage</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <def>To lay waste by force; to desolate by violence; to commit havoc or devastation upon; to spoil; to plunder; to consume.</def>

<blockquote>Already C\'91sar
Has <b>ravaged</b> more than half the globe.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His lands were daily <b>ravaged</b>, his cattle driven away.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To despoil; pillage; plunger; sack; spoil; devastate; desolate; destroy; waste; ruin.</syn>

<h1>Ravager</h1>
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<hw>Rav"a*ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, ravages or lays waste; spoiler.</def>

<h1>Rave</h1>
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<hw>Rave</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>raves</ets>, or <ets>rathes</ets>, a frame laid on a wagon, for carrying hay, etc.]</ety> <def>One of the upper side pieces of the frame of a wagon body or a sleigh.</def>

<h1>Rave</h1>
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<hw>Rave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Raved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Raving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'88ver</ets> to rave, to be delirious, to dream; perhaps fr. L. <ets>rabere</ets> to rave, rage, be mad or furious. Cf. <er>Rage</er>, <er>Reverie</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wander in mind or intellect; to be delirious; to talk or act irrationally; to be wild, furious, or raging, as a madman.</def>

<blockquote>In our madness evermore we <b>rave</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Have I not cause to <b>rave</b> and beat my breast?
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The mingled torrent of redcoats and tartans went <b>raving</b> down the valley to the gorge of Kiliecrankie.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To rush wildly or furiously.</def>

<i>Spencer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To talk with unreasonable enthusiasm or excessive passion or excitement; -- followed by <i>about</i>, <i>of</i>, or <i>on</i>; <as>as, he <ex>raved</ex> about her beauty</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The hallowed scene
Which others <b>rave</b> on, though they know it not.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rave</h1>
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<hw>Rave</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To utter in madness or frenzy; to say wildly; <as>as, to <ex>rave</ex> nonsense</as>.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Ravehook</h1>
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<hw>Rave"hook</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A tool, hooked at the end, for enlarging or clearing seams for the reception of oakum.</def>

<h1>Ravel</h1>
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<hw>Rav"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Raveled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Ravelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Raveling</er> or <er>Ravelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[. <ets>ravelen</ets>, D. <ets>rafelen</ets>, akin to LG. <ets>rebeln</ets>, <ets>rebbeln</ets>, <ets>reffeln</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To separate or undo the texture of; to take apart; to untwist; to unweave or unknit; -- often followed by <i>out</i>; <as>as, to <ex>ravel</ex> a twist; to <ex>ravel</ex> out a sticking.</as></def><-- = to unravel? -->

<blockquote>Sleep, that knits up the <b>raveled</b> sleave of care.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To undo the intricacies of; to disentangle.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pull apart, as the threads of a texture, and let them fall into a tangled mass; hence, to entangle; to make intricate; to involve.</def>

<blockquote>What glory's due to him that could divide
Such <b>raveled</b> interests? has he not untied?
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The faith of very many men seems a duty so weak and indifferent, is so often untwisted by violence, or <b>raveled</b> and entangled in weak discourses!
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ravel</h1>
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<hw>Rav"el</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become untwisted or unwoven; to be disentangled; to be relieved of intricacy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fall into perplexity and confusion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Till, by their own perplexities involved,
They <b>ravel</b> more, still less resolved.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make investigation or search, as by picking out the threads of a woven pattern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The humor of <b>raveling</b> into all these mystical or entangled matters.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Raveler</h1>
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<hw>Rav"el*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Also <ets>raveller</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who ravels.</def>

<h1>Ravelin</h1>
<Xpage=1192>

<hw>Rave"lin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.; cf. Sp. <ets>rebellin</ets>, It. <ets>revellino</ets>, <ets>rivellino</ets>; perhaps fr. L. <ets>re-</ets> again + <ets>vallum</ets> wall.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A detached work with two embankments with make a salient angle. It is raised before the curtain on the counterscarp of the place. Formerly called <i>demilune</i> and <i>half-moon</i>.</def>

<h1>Raveling</h1>
<Xpage=1192>

<hw>Rav"el*ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Also <ets>ravelling</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of untwisting, or of disentangling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is raveled out; esp., a thread detached from a texture.</def>

<h1>Raven</h1>
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<hw>Ra"ven</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hr\'91fn</ets>; akin to <ets>raaf</ets>, G. <ets>rabe</ets>, OHG. <ets>hraban</ets>, Icel. <ets>hrafn</ets>, Dan. <ets>ravn</ets>, and perhaps to L. <ets>corvus</ets>, Gr. <?/. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large black passerine bird (<spn>Corvus corax</spn>), similar to the crow, but larger. It is native of the northern part of Europe, Asia and America, and is noted for its sagacity.</def>

<cs><col>Sea raven</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the cormorant.</cd></cs>

<h1>Raven</h1>
<Xpage=1192>

<hw>Ra"ven</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the color of the raven; jet black; <as>as, <ex>raven</ex> curls; <ex>raven</ex> darkness.</as></def>

<-- raven-haired -->

<h1>Raven</h1>
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<hw>Rav"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>ravine</ets> impetuosity, violence, F. <ets>ravine</ets> ravine. See <er>Ravine</er>, <er>Rapine</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ravin</asp>, and <asp>ravine</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rapine; rapacity.</def> <i>Ray</i>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Prey; plunder; food obtained by violence.</def>

<h1>Raven</h1>
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<hw>Rav"en</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ravened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ravening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Written also <ets>ravin</ets>, and <ets>ravine</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To obtain or seize by violence.</def>

<i>Hakewill.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To devoir with great eagerness.</def>

<blockquote>Like rats that <b>ravin</b> down their proper bane.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Raven</h1>
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<hw>Rav"en</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To prey with rapacity; to be greedy; to show rapacity.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ravin</asp>, and <asp>ravine</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Benjamin shall <b>raven</b> as a wolf.
<i>Gen. xlix. 27.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ravenala</h1>
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<hw>Rav`e*na"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Malagasy.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants related to the banana.</def>

<note>&hand; <spn>Ravenala Madagascariensis</spn>, the principal species, is an unbranched tree with immense oarlike leaves growing alternately from two sides of the stem. The sheathing bases of the leafstalks collect and retain rain water, which flows freely when they are pierced with a knife, whence the plant is called <altname>traveller's tree</altname>.</note>

<h1>Ravener</h1>
<Xpage=1192>

<hw>Rav"en*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, ravens or plunders.</def>

<i>Gower.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bird of prey, as the owl or vulture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Ravening</h1>
<Xpage=1192>

<hw>Rav"en*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Eagerness for plunder; rapacity; extortion.</def>

<i>Luke xi. 39.</i>

<h1>Ravening</h1>
<Xpage=1192>

<hw>Rav"en*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Greedily devouring; rapacious; <as>as, <ex>ravening</ex> wolves</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Rav"en*ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ravenous</h1>
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<hw>Rav"en*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 2d <er>Raven</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Devouring with rapacious eagerness; furiously voracious; hungry even to rage; <as>as, a <ex>ravenous</ex> wolf or vulture</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Eager for prey or gratification; <as>as, a <ex>ravenous</ex> appetite or desire</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rav"en*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Rav"en*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Raven's-duck</h1>
<Xpage=1192>

<hw>Ra"ven's-duck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>ravenstuch</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fine quality of sailcloth.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Raver</h1>
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<hw>Rav"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who raves.</def>

<h1>Ravin</h1>
<Xpage=1192>

<hw>Rav"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ravenous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ravin, Ravine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Rav"in</hw>, <hw>Ravine</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See 2d <er>Raven</er>.]</ety> <def>Food obtained by violence; plunder; prey; raven.</def> "Fowls of <i>ravyne</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Though Nature, red in tooth and claw
With <b>ravine</b>, shrieked against his creed.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>
<-- famous quote from In memoriam, 56, st. 4 -->

<h1>Ravin, Ravine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Rav"in</hw>, <hw>Rav"ine</hw>,<hw> <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Raven</er>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt></def>

<h1>Ravine</h1>
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<hw>Ra*vine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a place excavated by a torrent, a ravine, fr. <ets>ravir</ets> to snatch or tear away, L. <ets>rapere</ets>; cf. L. <ets>rapina</ets> rapine. See <er>Ravish</er>, and cf. <er>Rapine</er>, <er>Raven</er> prey.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A torrent of water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A deep and narrow hollow, usually worn by a stream or torrent of water; a gorge; a mountain cleft.</def>

<h1>Raving</h1>
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<hw>Rav"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Talking irrationally and wildly; <as>as, a <ex>raving</ex> lunatic</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Rav"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ravish</h1>
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<hw>Rav"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ravished</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ravishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ravissen</ets>, F. <ets>ravir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>rapere</ets> to snatch or tear away, to ravish. See <er>Rapacious</er>, <er>Rapid</er>, and <er>-ish</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To seize and carry away by violence; to snatch by force.</def>

<blockquote>These hairs which thou dost <b>ravish</b> from my chin
Will quicken, and accuse thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This hand shall <b>ravish</b> thy pretended right.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To transport with joy or delight; to delight to ecstasy.</def> "<i>Ravished</i> . . . for the joy."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Thou hast <b>ravished</b> my heart.
<i>Cant. iv. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To have carnal knowledge of (a woman) by force, and against her consent; to rape.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To transport; entrance; enrapture; delight; violate; deflour; force.</syn>
<-- sic. "deflour" is given in this dict. as the preferred sp. of "deflower" -->

<h1>Ravisher</h1>
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<hw>Rav"ish*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who ravishes (in any sense).</def>

<h1>Ravishing</h1>
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<hw>Rav"ish*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rapturous; transporting.</def>

<h1>Ravishingly</h1>
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<hw>Rav"ish*ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a ravishing manner.</def>

<h1>Ravishment</h1>
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<hw>Rav"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ravissement</ets>. See <er>Ravish</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of carrying away by force or against consent; abduction; <as>as, the <ex>ravishment</ex> of children from their parents, or a ward from his guardian, or of a wife from her husband</as>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being ravished; rapture; transport of delight; ecstasy.</def>

<i>Spencer.</i>

<blockquote>In whose sight all things joy, with <b>ravishment</b>
Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of ravishing a woman; rape.</def>

<h1>Ravissant</h1>
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<hw>Rav"is*sant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>In a half-raised position, as if about to spring on prey.</def>

<hr>
<page="1193">
Page 1193<p>

<h1>Raw</h1>
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<hw>Raw</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar</tt> <er>Rawer</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Rawest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>hre\'a0w</ets>; akin to D. <ets>raauw</ets>, LG. <ets>rau</ets>, G. <ets>roh</ets>, OHG. <ets>r&omac;</ets>, Icel. <ets>hr\'ber</ets>, Dan. <ets>raa</ets>, Sw. <ets>r\'86</ets>, L. <ets>crudus</ets>, Gr. <grk>kre`as</grk> flesh, Skr. <ets>kravis</ets> raw flesh. &root;18. Cf. <er>Crude</er>, <er>Cruel</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not altered from its natural state; not prepared by the action of heat; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> sienna</as>; specifically, not cooked; not changed by heat to a state suitable for eating; not done; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> meat</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Unprepared for use or enjoyment; immature; unripe; unseasoned; inexperienced; unpracticed; untried; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> soldiers; a <ex>raw</ex> recruit.</as></def>

<blockquote>Approved himself to the <b>raw</b> judgment of the multitude.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not worked in due form; in the natural state; untouched by art; unwrought.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Not distilled; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> water</as></def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Bacon</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not spun or twisted; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> silk or cotton</as></def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Not mixed or diluted; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> spirits</as></def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Not tried; not melted and strained; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> tallow</as></def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Not tanned; <as>as, <ex>raw</ex> hides</as></def>. <sd>(f)</sd> <def>Not trimmed, covered, or folded under; <as>as, the <ex>raw</ex> edge of a piece of metal or of cloth</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not covered; bare.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd></def> <def>Bald</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "With scull all <i>raw</i>."

<i>Spencer</i>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Deprived of skin; galled; as, a <i>raw</i> sore</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Sore, as if by being galled</def>.

<blockquote>And all his sinews waxen weak and <b>raw</b>
Through long imprisonment.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Disagreeably damp or cold; chilly; <as>as, a <ex>raw</ex> wind</as>.</def> "A <i>raw</i> and gusty day."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Raw material</col>, <cd>material that has not been subjected to a (specified) process of manufacture; <as>as, ore is the <ex>raw material<ex> used in smelting; leather is the <ex>raw material<ex> of the shoe industry</as>.</cd> -- <col>Raw pig</col>, <cd>cast iron as it comes from the smelting furnace.</cd></cs>

<h1>Raw</h1>
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<hw>Raw</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A raw, sore, or galled place; a sensitive spot; <as>as, to touch one on the <ex>raw</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Like savage hackney coachmen, they know where there is a <b>raw</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rawbone</h1>
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<hw>Raw"bone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rawboned.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spencer.</i>

<h1>Rawboned</h1>
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<hw>Raw"boned`</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having little flesh on the bones; gaunt.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Rawhead</h1>
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<hw>Raw"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A specter mentioned to frighten children; <as>as, <ex>rawhead</ex> and bloodybones</as>.</def>

<h1>Rawhide</h1>
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<hw>Raw"hide`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A cowhide, or coarse riding whip, made of untanned (or raw) hide twisted.</def>

<h1>Rawish</h1>
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<hw>Raw"ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat raw.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Rawly</h1>
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<hw>Raw"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a raw manner; unskillfully; without experience.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without proper preparation or provision.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Rawness</h1>
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<hw>Raw"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being raw.</def>

<h1>Ray</h1>
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<hw>Ray</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[An aphetic form of <ets>array</ets>; cf. <er>Beray</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To array.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mark, stain, or soil; to streak; to defile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The fifth that did it <i>ray</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Ray</h1>
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<hw>Ray</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Array; order; arrangement; dress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And spoiling all her gears and goodly <b>ray</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ray</h1>
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<hw>Ray</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>rai</ets>, F. <ets>rais</ets>, fr. L. <ets>radius</ets> a beam or ray, staff, rod, spoke of a wheel. Cf. <er>Radius</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of a number of lines or parts diverging from a common point or center, like the radii of a circle; <as>as, a star of six <ex>rays</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A radiating part of the flower or plant; the marginal florets of a compound flower, as an aster or a sunflower; one of the pedicels of an umbel or other circular flower cluster; radius. See <er>Radius</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the radiating spines, or cartilages, supporting the fins of fishes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the spheromeres of a radiate, especially one of the arms of a starfish or an ophiuran.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A line of light or heat proceeding from a radiant or reflecting point; a single element of light or heat propagated continuously; <as>as, a solar <ex>ray</ex>; a polarized <ex>ray</ex>.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the component elements of the total radiation from a body; any definite or limited portion of the spectrum; <as>as, the red <ex>ray</ex>; the violet <ex>ray</ex>.</as> See <ex>Illust</ex>. under <er>Light</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Sight; perception; vision; -- from an old theory of vision, that sight was something which proceeded from the eye to the object seen.</def>

<blockquote>All eyes direct their <b>rays</b>
On him, and crowds turn coxcombs as they gaze.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>One of a system of diverging lines passing through a point, and regarded as extending indefinitely in both directions. See <er>Half-ray</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Bundle of rays</col>. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Pencil of rays</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Extraordinary ray</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>that one or two parts of a ray divided by double refraction which does not follow the ordinary law of refraction.</cd> -- <col>Ordinary ray</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>that one of the two parts of a ray divided by double refraction which follows the usual or ordinary law of refraction.</cd> -- <col>Pencil of rays</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a definite system of rays.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Ray flower</col>, &or; <col>Ray floret</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>one of the marginal flowers of the capitulum in such composite plants as the aster, goldenrod, daisy, and sunflower.  They have an elongated, strap-shaped corolla, while the corollas of the disk flowers are tubular and five-lobed.</cd> -- <col>Ray point</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the common point of a pencil of rays.</cd> -- <col>R\'94ntgen ray</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <fld>(Phys.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of ray generated in a very highly exhausted vacuum tube by the electrical discharge. It is capable of passing through many bodies opaque to light, and producing photographic and fluorescent effects by which means pictures showing the internal structure of opaque objects are made, called <i>radiographs<i>, or <i>sciagraphs<i><-- or X-ray photographs, radiograms, or X-rays -->. So called from the discoverer, W. C. <i>R\'94ntgen<i>.</cd> -- <col>X ray</col>, <cd>the R\'94ntgen ray; -- so called by its discoverer because of its enigmatical character, <it>x<it> being an algebraic symbol for an unknown quantity.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ray</h1>
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<hw>Ray</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rayed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Raying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>raier</ets>, <ets>raiier</ets>, <ets>rayer</ets>, L. <ets>radiare</ets> to irradiate. See <er>Ray</er>, <tt>n.<tt>, and cf. <er>Radiate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To mark with long lines; to streak.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[From <er>Ray</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To send forth or shoot out; to cause to shine out; <as>as, to <ex>ray</ex> smiles</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thompson.</i>

<h1>Ray</h1>
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<hw>Ray</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shine, as with rays.</def>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Ray</h1>
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<hw>Ray</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>raie</ets>, L. <ets>raia</ets>. Cf. <er>Roach</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of numerous elasmobranch fishes of the order Rai\'91, including the skates, torpedoes, sawfishes, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In a restricted sense, any of the broad, flat, narrow-tailed species, as the skates and sting rays. See <er>Skate</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Bishop ray</col>, <cd>a yellow-spotted, long-tailed eagle ray (<spn>Stoasodon n\'85rinari</spn>) of the Southern United States and the West Indies.</cd> -- <col>Butterfly ray</col>, <cd>a short-tailed American sting ray (<spn>Pteroplatea Maclura</spn>), having very broad pectoral fins.</cd> -- <col>Devil ray</col>. <cd>See <er>Sea Devil</er>.</cd> -- <col>Eagle ray</col>, <cd>any large ray of the family <spn>Myliobatid\'91</spn>, or <spn>\'92tobatid\'91</spn>. The common European species (<spn>Myliobatis aquila</spn>) is called also <altname>whip ray</altname>, and <altname>miller</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Electric ray</col>, or <col>Cramp ray</col></mcol>, <cd>a torpedo.</cd> -- <col>Starry ray</col>, <cd>a common European skate (<spn>Raia radiata</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Sting ray</col>, <cd>any one of numerous species of rays of the family <spn>Trygonid\'91</spn> having one or more large, sharp, barbed dorsal spines on the whiplike tail.  Called also <altname>stingaree</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rayah</h1>
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<hw>Ra"yah</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>ra'iyah</ets> a herd, a subject, fr. <ets>ra'a</ets> to pasture, guard.]</ety> <def>A person not a Mohammedan, who pays the capitation tax.</def> <mark>[Turkey.]</mark>

<h1>Ray grass</h1>
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<hw>Ray" grass`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <ety>[Etymol. of <ets>ray</ets> is uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A perennial European grass (<spn>Lolium perenne</spn>); -- called also <altname>rye grass</altname>, and <altname>red darnel</altname>. See <er>Darnel</er>, and <er>Grass</er>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Italian</col> <col>ray, &or; rye</col>, <col>grass</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Darnel</er>, and <er>Grass</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rayless</h1>
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<hw>Ray"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of rays; hence, dark; not illuminated; blind; <as>as, a <ex>rayless</ex> sky; <ex>rayless</ex> eyes.</as></def>

<h1>Rayon</h1>
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<hw>Ray"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Ray; beam.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<-- Rayon. A synthetic fiber, consisting of a polyamide -->

<h1>Rayonnant</h1>
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<hw>Ray"on*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Darting forth rays, as the sun when it shines out.</def>

<h1>Raze</h1>
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<hw>Raze</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Rack</er>.]</ety> <def>A Shakespearean word (used once) supposed to mean the same as <i>race</i>, a root.</def><-- Obs. -->

<h1>Raze</h1>
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<hw>Raze</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Razed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Razing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>raser</ets>. See <er>Rase</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rase</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To erase; to efface; to obliterate.</def>

<blockquote><b>Razing</b> the characters of your renown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To subvert from the foundation; to lay level with the ground; to destroy; to demolish.</def>

<blockquote>The royal hand that <b>razed</b> unhappy Troy.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To demolish; level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert; destroy; ruin. See <er>Demolish</er>.</syn>

<h1>Razed</h1>
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<hw>Razed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Slashed or striped in patterns.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Two Provincial roses on my <i>razed</i> shoes."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Razee</h1>
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<hw>Ra*zee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. vaisseau <ets>ras\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>raser</ets> to rase, to cut down ships. See <er>Raze</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Rase</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An armed ship having her upper deck cut away, and thus reduced to the next inferior rate, as a seventy-four cut down to a frigate.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Razoe</h1>
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<hw>Ra*zoe"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Razeed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Razeeing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cut down to a less number of decks, and thus to an inferior rate or glass, as a ship; hence, to prune or abridge by cutting off or retrenching parts; <as>as, to <ex>razee</ex> a book, or an article</as>.</def>

<h1>Razor</h1>
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<hw>Ra"zor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>rasour</ets>, OF. <ets>rasur</ets>, LL. <ets>rasor</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rasoir</ets>, LL. <ets>rasorium</ets>. See <er>Raze</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Rase</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A keen-edged knife of peculiar shape, used in shaving the hair from the face or the head.</def> "Take thee a barber's <i>rasor</i>."
<-- also called straight razor -->

<i>Ezek. v. 1.</i>

<-- (b) a similar device for shaving, with a replaceable blade.  Also called safety razor.  Also a similar device, made of plastic, in which the blade is neither replaceable nor can be sharpened, intended to be discarded after the blade dulls -- called a disposable razor.  --> -->

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A task of a wild boar.</def>

<cs><col>Razor fish</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small Mediterranean fish (<spn>Coryph\'91na novacula</spn>), prized for the table</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The razor shell.</cd> -- <col>Razor grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a West Indian plant (<spn>Scleria scindens</spn>), the triangular stem and the leaves of which are edged with minute sharp teeth.</cd> -- <col>Razor grinder</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European goat-sucker.</cd> -- <col>Razor shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any marine bivalve shell belonging to Solen and allied genera, especially <spn>Solen, &or; Ensatella, ensis, &and; Americana</spn>, which have a long, narrow, somewhat curved shell, resembling a razor handle in shape. Called also <altname>rasor clam</altname>, <altname>razor fish</altname>, <altname>knife handle</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Razor stone</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Novaculite</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Razor strap</col>, &or; <col>razor strop</col></mcol>, <cd>a strap or strop used in sharpening razors.</cd></cs><-- safety razor; disposable razor; electric razor -->

<h1>Rasorable</h1>
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<hw>Ra"sor*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ready for the razor; fit to be shaved.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Razorback</h1>
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<hw>Ra"zor*back"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The rorqual.</def>

<h1>Razor-backed</h1>
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<hw>Ra"zor-backed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a sharp, lean, or thin back; <as>as, a <ex>razor-backed</ex> hog, perch, etc</as>.</def>

<h1>Razorbill</h1>
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<hw>Ra"zor*bill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A species of auk (<spn>Alca torda</spn>) common in the Arctic seas. See <er>Auk</er>, and <i>Illust</i>. in Appendix.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>See <er>Cutwater</er>, 3.</def>

<h1>Razure</h1>
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<hw>Ra"zure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Rasure</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of erasing or effacing, or the state of being effaced; obliteration. See <er>Rasure</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An erasure; a change made by erasing.</def>

<h1>Razzia</h1>
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<hw>Raz"zi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Ar. <ets>gh\'bez\'c6a</ets> (pron. <ets>razia</ets> in Algeria).]</ety> <def>A plundering and destructive incursion; a foray; a rai<?/.</def>

<h1>Re-</h1>
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<hw>Re-</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>re-</ets>, older form (retained before vowels) <ets>red-</ets>: cf. F. <ets>re-</ets>, <ets>r\'82-</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying <i>back</i>, <i>against</i>, <i>again</i>, <i>anew</i>; <as>as, <ex>re</ex>cline, to lean back; <ex>re</ex>call, to call back; <ex>re</ex>cede; <ex>re</ex>move; <ex>re</ex>claim, to call out against; <ex>re</ex>pugn, to fight against; <ex>re</ex>cognition, a knowing again; <ex>re</ex>join, to join again; <ex>re</ex>iterate, <ex>re</ex>assure</as>. Combinations containing the prefix <ex>re-</ex> are readily formed, and are for the most part of obvious signification.</def>

<h1>Re</h1>
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<hw>Re</hw> <tt>(r&amac;)</tt>. <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A syllable applied in solmization to the second tone of the diatonic scale of C; in the American system, to the second tone of any diatonic scale.</def>

<h1>Reabsorb</h1>
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<hw>Re`ab*sorb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To absorb again; to draw in, or imbibe, again what has been effused, extravasated, or thrown off; to swallow up again; <as>as, to <ex>reabsorb</ex> chyle, lymph, etc</as>.; -- used esp. of fluids.</def>

<h1>Reabsorption</h1>
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<hw>Re`ab*sorp"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of rearbsorbing.</def>

<h1>Reaccess</h1>
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<hw>Re`ac*cess"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second access or approach; a return.</def>

<i>Hakewill.</i>

<h1>Reaccuse</h1>
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<hw>Re"ac*cuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To accuse again.</def>

<i>Cheyne.</i>

<h1>Reach</h1>
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<hw>Reach</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An effort to vomit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Reach</h1>
<Xpage=1193>

<hw>Reach</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reached</er> <tt>(?)</tt> (<er>Raught</er>, the old preterit, is obsolete); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>rechen</ets>, AS. <ets>r&aemac;can</ets>, <ets>r&aemac;cean</ets>, to extend, stretch out; akin to D. <ets>reiken</ets>, G. <ets>reichen</ets>, and possibly to AS. <ets>r\'c6ce</ets> powerful, rich, E. <ets>rich</ets>. &root;115.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To extend; to stretch; to thrust out; to put forth, as a limb, a member, something held, or the like.</def>

<blockquote>Her tresses yellow, and long straughten,
Unto her heeles down they <b>raughten</b>.
<i>Rom. of R.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Reach</b> hither thy hand and thrust it into my side.
<i>John xx. 27.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Fruit trees, over woody, <b>reached</b> too far
Their pampered boughs.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to deliver by stretching out a member, especially the hand; to give with the hand; to pass to another; to hand over; <as>as, to <ex>reach</ex> one a book</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>reached</b> me a full cap.
<i>2 Esd. xiv. 39.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To attain or obtain by stretching forth the hand; too extend some part of the body, or something held by one, so as to touch, strike, grasp, or the like; <as>as, to <ex>reach</ex> an object with the hand, or with a spear</as>.</def>

<blockquote>O patron power, . . . thy present aid afford,
Than I may <b>reach</b> the beast.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To strike, hit, or tough with a missile; <as>as, to <ex>reach</ex> an object with an arrow, a bullet, or a shell</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Hence, to extend an action, effort, or influence to; to penetrate to; to pierce, or cut, as far as.</def>

<blockquote>If these examples of grown men <b>reach</b> not the case of children, let them examine.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To extend to; to stretch out as far as; to touch by virtue of extent; <as>as, his hand <ex>reaches</ex> the river</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thy desire . . . leads to no excess
That <b>reaches</b> blame.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To arrive at by effort of any kind; to attain to; to gain; to be advanced to.</def>

<blockquote>The best account of the appearances of nature which human penetration can <b>reach</b>, comes short of its reality.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To understand; to comprehend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Do what, sir? I <b>reach</b> you not.
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To overreach; to deceive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Reach</h1>
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<hw>Reach</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stretch out the hand.</def>

<blockquote>Goddess humane, <b>reach</b>, then, and freely taste!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strain after something; to make efforts.</def>

<blockquote><b>Reaching</b> above our nature does no good.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To extend in dimension, time, amount, action, influence, etc., so as to touch, attain to, or be equal to, something.</def>

<blockquote>And behold, a ladder set upon the earth, and the top of it <b>reached</b> to heaven.
<i>Gen. xxviii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The new world <b>reaches</b> quite across the torrid zone.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To sail on the wind, as from one point of tacking to another, or with the ind nearly abeam.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To reach after</col> &or; <col>at</col></mcol>, <cd>to make efforts to attain to or obtain.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>He would be in the mind <b>reaching after</b> a positive idea of infinity.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reach</h1>
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<hw>Reach</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of stretching or extending; extension; power of reaching or touching with the person, or a limb, or something held or thrown; <as>as, the fruit is beyond my <ex>reach</ex>; to be within <ex>reach</ex> of cannon shot.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The power of stretching out or extending action, influence, or the like; power of attainment or management; extent of force or capacity.</def>

<blockquote>Drawn by others who had deeper <b>reaches</b> than themselves to matters which they least intended.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Be sure yourself and your own <b>reach</b> to know.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Extent; stretch; expanse; hence, application; influence; result; scope.</def>

<blockquote>And on the left hand, hell,
With long <b>reach</b>, interposed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am to pray you not to strain my speech
To grosser issues, nor to larger <b>reach</b>
Than to suspicion.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An extended portion of land or water; a stretch; a straight portion of a stream or river, as from one turn to another; a level stretch, as between locks in a canal; an arm of the sea extending up into the land.</def> "The river's wooded <i>reach</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>The coast . . . is very full of creeks and <b>reaches</b>.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An article to obtain an advantage.</def>

<blockquote>The Duke of Parma had particular <b>reaches</b> and ends of his own underhand to cross the design.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>The pole or rod which connects the hind axle with the forward bolster of a wagon.</def>

<h1>Reachable</h1>
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<hw>Reach"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being within reach.</def>

<h1>Reacher</h1>
<Xpage=1193>

<hw>Reach"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who reaches.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An exaggeration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Reachless</h1>
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<hw>Reach"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being beyond reach; lofty.</def>

<blockquote>Unto a <b>reachless</b> pitch of praises hight.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>React</h1>
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<hw>Re*act"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To act or perform a second time; to do over again; <as>as, to <ex>react</ex> a play; the same scenes were <ex>reacted</ex> at Rome.</as></def><-- = re-enact? -->

<h1>React</h1>
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<hw>Re*act"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action of another body by an opposite force; <as>as, every body <ex>reacts</ex> on the body that impels it from its natural state</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="1194">
Page 1194<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal or a reverse effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in opposition.</def>

<h1>Reaction</h1>
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<hw>Re*ac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82action</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Any action in resisting other action or force; counter tendency; movement in a contrary direction; reverse action.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The mutual or reciprocal action of chemical agents upon each other, or the action upon such chemical agents of some form of energy, as heat, light, or electricity, resulting in a chemical change in one or more of these agents, with the production of new compounds or the manifestation of distinctive characters. See <cref>Blowpipe reaction</cref>, <cref>Flame reaction</cref>, under <er>Blowpipe</er>, and <er>Flame</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An action included by vital resistance to some other action; depression or exhaustion of vital force consequent on overexertion or overstimulation; heightened activity and overaction succeeding depression or shock.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The force which a body subjected to the action of a force from another body exerts upon the latter body in the opposite direction.</def>

<blockquote><b>Reaction</b> is always equal and opposite to action, that is to say, the actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal and in opposite directions.
<i>Sir I. Newton (3d Law of Motion).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Politics)</fld> <def>Backward tendency or movement after revolution, reform, or great progress in any direction.</def>

<blockquote>The new king had, at the very moment at which his fame and fortune reached the highest point, predicted the coming <b>reaction</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Reaction time</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>in nerve physiology, the interval between the application of a stimulus to an end organ of sense and the reaction or resulting movement; -- called also <altname>physiological time</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Reaction wheel</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a water wheel driven by the reaction of water, usually one in which the water, entering it centrally, escapes at its periphery in a direction opposed to that of its motion by orifices at right angles, or inclined, to its radii.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reactionary</h1>
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<hw>Re*ac"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being, causing, or favoring reaction; <as>as, <ex>reactionary</ex> movements</as>.</def>

<h1>Reactionary</h1>
<Xpage=1194>

<hw>Re*ac"tion*a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Reactionaries</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>One who favors reaction, or seeks to undo political progress or revolution.</def>

<h1>Reactionist</h1>
<Xpage=1194>

<hw>Re*ac"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A reactionary.</def>

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Reactive</h1>
<Xpage=1194>

<hw>Re*act`ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82actif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having power to react; tending to reaction; of the nature of reaction.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*act"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*act"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Read</h1>
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<hw>Read</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rennet. See 3d <er>Reed</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Read</h1>
<Xpage=1194>

<hw>Read</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Read</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>reden</ets>, <ets>r\'91den</ets>, AS. <ets>r&aemac;dan</ets> to read, advice, counsel, fr. <ets>r&aemac;d</ets> advise, counsel, <ets>r&aemac;dan</ets> (imperf. <ets>reord</ets>) to advice, counsel, guess; akin to D. <ets>raden</ets> to advise, G. <ets>raten</ets>, <ets>rathen</ets>, Icel. <ets>r\'be&edh;a</ets>, Goth. <ets>r&emac;dan</ets> (in comp.), and perh. also to Skr. <ets>r\'bedh</ets> to succeed. &root;116. Cf. Riddle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To advise; to counsel. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Rede</er>.</def>

<blockquote>Therefore, I <b>read</b> thee, get to God's word, and thereby try all doctrine.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To interpret; to explain; <as>as, to <ex>read</ex> a riddle</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To tell; to declare; to recite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>But <b>read</b> how art thou named, and of what kin.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To go over, as characters or words, and utter aloud, or recite to one's self inaudibly; to take in the sense of, as of language, by interpreting the characters with which it is expressed; to peruse; <as>as, to <ex>read</ex> a discourse; to <ex>read</ex> the letters of an alphabet; to <ex>read</ex> figures; to <ex>read</ex> the notes of music, or to <ex>read</ex> music; to <ex>read</ex> a book.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Redeth</b> [read ye] the great poet of Itaille.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Well could he <b>rede</b> a lesson or a story.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Hence, to know fully; to comprehend.</def>

<blockquote>Who is't can <b>read</b> a woman?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To discover or understand by characters, marks, features, etc.; to learn by observation.</def>

<blockquote>An armed corse did lie,
In whose dead face he <b>read</b> great magnanimity.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those about her
From her shall <b>read</b> the perfect ways of honor.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To make a special study of, as by perusing textbooks; <as>as, to <ex>read</ex> theology or law</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To read one's self in</col>, <cd>to read about the Thirty-nine Articles and the Declaration of Assent, -- required of a clergyman of the Church of England when he first officiates in a new benefice.</cd></cs>

<h1>Read</h1>
<Xpage=1194>

<hw>Read</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give advice or counsel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To tell; to declare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To perform the act of reading; to peruse, or to go over and utter aloud, the words of a book or other like document.</def>

<blockquote>So they <b>read</b> in the book of the law of God distinctly, and gave the sense.
<i>Neh. viii. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To study by reading; <as>as, he <ex>read</ex> for the bar</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To learn by reading.</def>

<blockquote>I have <b>read</b> of an Eastern king who put a judge to death for an iniquitous sentence.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To appear in writing or print; to be expressed by, or consist of, certain words or characters; <as>as, the passage <ex>reads</ex> thus in the early manuscripts</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To produce a certain effect when read; <as>as, that sentence <ex>reads</ex> queerly</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To read between the lines</col>, <cd>to infer something different from what is plainly indicated; to detect the real meaning as distinguished from the apparent meaning.</cd></cs>

<h1>Read</h1>
<Xpage=1194>

<hw>Read</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>r&aemac;d</ets> counsel, fr. <ets>r&aemac;dan</ets> to counsel. See <er>Read</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Saying; sentence; maxim; hence, word; advice; counsel.  See <er>Rede</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[<er>Read</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>Reading.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Hume.</i>

<blockquote>One newswoman here lets magazines for a penny a <b>read</b>.
<i>Furnivall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Read</h1>
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<hw>Read</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Read</er>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt></def>

<h1>Read</h1>
<Xpage=1194>

<hw>Read</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Instructed or knowing by reading; versed in books; learned.</def>

<blockquote>A poet . . . well <b>read</b> in Longinus.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Readable</h1>
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<hw>Read"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as can be read; legible; fit or suitable to be read; worth reading; interesting.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Read"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Read"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv</tt>,.</wordforms>

<h1>Readability</h1>
<Xpage=1194>

<hw>Read`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being readable; readableness.</def>

<h1>Readdress</h1>
<Xpage=1194>

<hw>Re`ad*dress"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To address a second time; -- often used reflexively.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>readdressed</b> himself to her.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Readept</h1>
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<hw>Re`a*dept</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + L. <ets>adeptus</ets>. p. p. of <ets>adipisci</ets> to obtain.]</ety> <def>To regain; to recover.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Readeption</h1>
<Xpage=1194>

<hw>Re`a*dep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A regaining; recovery of something lost.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Reader</h1>
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<hw>Read"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>r&aemac;dere</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who reads.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One whose distinctive office is to read prayers in a church.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(University of Oxford, Eng.)</fld> <def>One who reads lectures on scientific subjects.</def> <i>Lyell.</i> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A proof reader.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>One who reads manuscripts offered for publication and advises regarding their merit</def>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who reads much; one who is studious.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A book containing a selection of extracts for exercises in reading; an elementary book for practice in a language; a reading book.</def>

<h1>Readership</h1>
<Xpage=1194>

<hw>Read"er*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of reader.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<h1>Readily</h1>
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<hw>Read"i*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a ready manner; quickly; promptly.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without delay or objection; without reluctance; willingly; cheerfully.</def>

<blockquote>How <b>readily</b> we wish time spent revoked!
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Readiness</h1>
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<hw>Read"i*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being ready; preparation; promptness; aptitude; willingness.</def>

<blockquote>They received the word with all <b>readiness</b> of mind.
<i>Acts xvii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Facility; quickness; expedition; promptitude; promptness; aptitude; aptness; knack; skill; expertness; dexterity; ease; cheerfulness. See <er>Facility</er>.</syn>

<h1>Reading</h1>
<Xpage=1194>

<hw>Read"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who reads; perusal; also, printed or written matter to be read.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Study of books; literary scholarship; <as>as, a man of extensive <ex>reading</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A lecture or prelection; public recital.</def>

<blockquote>The Jews had their weekly <b>readings</b> of the law.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The way in which anything reads; force of a word or passage presented by a documentary authority; lection; version.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Manner of reciting, or acting a part, on the stage; way of rendering.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>An observation read from the scale of a graduated instrument; <as>as, the <ex>reading</ex> of a barometer</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Reading of a bill</col> <fld>(Legislation)</fld>, <cd>its normal recital, by the proper officer, before the House which is to consider it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reading</h1>
<Xpage=1194>

<hw>Read"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the act of reading; used in reading.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Addicted to reading; <as>as, a <ex>reading</ex> community</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Reading book</col>, <cd>a book for teaching reading; a reader.</cd> -- <col>Reading desk</col>, <cd>a desk to support a book while reading; esp., a desk used while reading the service in a church.</cd> -- <col>Reading glass</col>, <cd>a large lens with more or less magnifying power, attached to a handle, and used in reading, etc.</cd> -- <col>Reading man</col>, <cd>one who reads much; hence, in the English universities, a close, industrious student.</cd> -- <col>Reading room</col>, <cd>a room appropriated to reading; a room provided with papers, periodicals, and the like, to which persons resort.</cd></cs>

<h1>Readjourn</h1>
<Xpage=1194>

<hw>Re`ad*journ"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To adjourn a second time; to adjourn again.</def>

<h1>Readjournment</h1>
<Xpage=1194>

<hw>Re`ad*journ"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of readjourning; a second or repeated adjournment.</def>

<h1>Readjust</h1>
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<hw>Re`ad*just"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To adjust or settle again; to put in a different order or relation; to rearrange.</def>

<h1>Readjuster</h1>
<Xpage=1194>

<hw>Re`ad*just"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, readjusts; in some of the States of the United States, one who advocates a refunding, and sometimes a partial repudiation, of the State debt without the consent of the State's creditors.</def>

<h1>Readjustment</h1>
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<hw>Re`ad*just"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second adjustment; a new or different adjustment.</def>

<h1>Readmission</h1>
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<hw>Re`ad*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of admitting again, or the state of being readmitted; <as>as, the <ex>readmission</ex> fresh air into an exhausted receiver; the <ex>readmission</ex> of a student into a seminary.</as></def>

<h1>Readmit</h1>
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<hw>Re`ad*mit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To admit again; to give entrance or access to again.</def>

<blockquote>Whose ear is ever open, and his eye
Gracious to <b>readmit</b> the suppliant.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Readmittance</h1>
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<hw>Re`ad*mit"tance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Allowance to enter again; a second admission.</def>

<h1>Readopt</h1>
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<hw>Re`a*dopt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To adopt again.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Readorn</h1>
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<hw>Re`a*dorn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To adorn again or anew.</def>

<h1>Readvance</h1>
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<hw>Re`ad*vance"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To advance again.</def>

<h1>Readvertency</h1>
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<hw>Re`ad*vert"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of adverting to again, or of reviewing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Norris.</i>

<h1>Ready</h1>
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<hw>Read"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Readier</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Readiest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>r&aemac;de</ets>; akin to D. ge<ets>reed</ets>, be<ets>reid</ets>, G. be<ets>reit</ets>, Goth. ga<ets>r\'a0ids</ets> fixed, arranged, and possibly to E. <ets>ride</ets>, as meaning originally, prepared for riding. Cf. <er>Array</er>, 1st <er>Curry</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Prepared for what one is about to do or experience; equipped or supplied with what is needed for some act or event; prepared for immediate movement or action; <as>as, the troops are <ex>ready</ex> to march; <ex>ready</ex> for the journey.</as></def>  "When she <i>redy</i> was."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fitted or arranged for immediate use; causing no delay for lack of being prepared or furnished.</def> "Dinner was <i>ready</i>."

<i>Fielding.</i>

<blockquote>My oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are <b>ready</b>: come unto the marriage.
<i>Matt. xxii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Prepared in mind or disposition; not reluctant; willing; free; inclined; disposed.</def>

<blockquote>I am <b>ready</b> not to be bound only, but also to die at Jerusalem, for the name of the Lord Jesus.
<i>Acts xxi. 13.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If need be, I am <b>ready</b> to forego
And quit.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Not slow or hesitating; quick in action or perception of any kind; dexterous; prompt; easy; expert; <as>as, a <ex>ready</ex> apprehension; <ex>ready</ex> wit; a <ex>ready</ex> writer or workman.</as></def> "<i>Ready</i> in devising expedients."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>Gurth, whose temper was <b>ready</b>, through surly.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Offering itself at once; at hand; opportune; convenient; near; easy.</def> "The <i>readiest</i> way."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>A sapling pine he wrenched from out the ground,
The <b>readiest</b> weapon that his fury found.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>On the point; about; on the brink; near; -- with a following infinitive.</def>

<blockquote>My heart is <b>ready</b> to crack.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A word of command, or a position, in the manual of arms, at which the piece is cocked and held in position to execute promptly the next command, which is, <i>aim</i>.</def>

<cs><col>All ready</col>, <cd>ready in every particular; wholly equipped or prepared. "[I] am <i>all redy<i> at your hest." <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>Ready money</col>, <cd>means of immediate payment; cash. "'Tis all the <i>ready money<i> fate can give." <i>Cowley</i>.</cd> -- <col>Ready reckoner</col>, <cd>a book of tables for facilitating computations, as of interest, prices, etc.</cd> -- <col>To make ready</col>, <cd>to make preparation; to get in readiness.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Prompt; expeditious; speedy; unhesitating; dexterous; apt; skilful; handy; expert; facile; easy; opportune; fitted; prepared; disposed; willing; free; cheerful. See <er>Prompt</er>.</syn>

<h1>Ready</h1>
<Xpage=1194>

<hw>Read"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a state of preparation for immediate action; so as to need no delay.</def>

<blockquote>We ourselves will go <b>ready</b> armed.
<i>Num. xxxii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ready</h1>
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<hw>Read"y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ready money; cash; -- commonly with <i>the</i>; <as>as, he was supplied with the <ex>ready</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<blockquote>Lord Strut was not flush in <b>ready</b>, either to go to law, or to clear old debts.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ready</h1>
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<hw>Read"y</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dispose in order.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Heywood.</i>

<h1>Ready-made</h1>
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<hw>Read"y-made`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made already, or beforehand, in anticipation of need; not made to order; <as>as, <ex>ready-made</ex> clothing; <ex>ready-made</ex> jokes.</as></def>

<h1>Ready-witted</h1>
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<hw>Read"y-wit`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having ready wit.</def>

<h1>Reaffirm</h1>
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<hw>Re`af*firm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To affirm again.</def>

<h1>Reaffirmance, Reaffirmation</h1>
<Xpage=1194>

<hw><hw>Re`af*firm"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Re*af`fir*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second affirmation.</def>

<h1>Reafforest</h1>
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<hw>Re`af*for"est</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To convert again into the forest, as a region of country.</def>

<h1>Reafforestation</h1>
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<hw>Re`af*for`es*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of converting again into a forest.</def>

<h1>Reagent</h1>
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<hw>Re*a"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance capable of producing with another a reaction, especially when employed to detect the presence of other bodies; a test.</def>

<h1>Reaggravation</h1>
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<hw>Re*ag`gra*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The last monitory, published after three admonitions and before the last excommunication.</def>

<h1>Reagree</h1>
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<hw>Re`a*gree"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To agree again.</def>

<h1>Reak</h1>
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<hw>Reak</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<?/<?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Wrack</er> seaweed.]</ety> <def>A rush.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Feeds on <i>reaks</i> and reeds."

<i>Drant.</i>

<h1>Reak</h1>
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<hw>Reak</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>hrekkr</ets>, or E. <ets>wreak</ets> vengeance.]</ety> <def>A prank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "They play such <i>reaks</i>."

<i>Beau & Fl.</i>

<h1>Real</h1>
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<hw>Re"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. <ets>real</ets> royal, L. <ets>regalis</ets>. See <er>Regal</er>, and cf. <er>Ree</er> a coin.]</ety> <def>A small Spanish silver coin; also, a denomination of money of account, formerly the unit of the Spanish monetary system.</def>

<note>&hand; A <i>real of plate</i> (coin) varied in value according to the time of its coinage, from 12<frac12/ down to 10 cents, or from 6<frac12/ to 5 pence sterling. The <i>real vellon</i>, or money of account, was nearly equal to five cents, or 2<frac12/ pence sterling. In 1871 the coinage of Spain was assimilated to that of the Latin Union, of which the franc is the unit.</note>

<h1>Real</h1>
<Xpage=1194>

<hw>Re*al"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Royal; regal; kingly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The blood <i>real</i> of Thebes."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Real</h1>
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<hw>Re"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>realis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>res</ets>, <ets>rei</ets>, a thing: cf. F. <ets>r\'82el</ets>. Cf. <er>Rebus</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Actually being or existing; not fictitious or imaginary; <as>as, a description of <ex>real</ex> life</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whereat I waked, and found
Before mine eyes all <b>real</b>, as the dream
Had lively shadowed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>True; genuine; not artificial; counterfeit, or factitious; often opposed to <i>ostensible</i>; <as>as, the <ex>real</ex> reason; <ex>real</ex> Madeira wine; <ex>real</ex> ginger.</as></def><-- split reason from objects. -->

<blockquote>Whose perfection far excelled
Hers in all <b>real</b> dignity.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Relating to things, not to persons.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Many are perfect in men's humors that are not greatly capable of the <b>real</b> part of business.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>Having an assignable arithmetical or numerical value or meaning; not imaginary.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Pertaining to things fixed, permanent, or immovable, as to lands and tenements; <as>as, <ex>real</ex> property, in distinction from <ex>personal</ex> or <ex>movable</ex> property</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Chattels real</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>such chattels as are annexed to, or savor of, the realty, as terms for years of land. See <er>Chattel</er>.</cd> -- <col>Real action</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an action for the recovery of real property.</cd> -- <col>Real assets</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>lands or real estate in the hands of the heir, chargeable with the debts of the ancestor.</cd> -- <col>Real composition</col> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld>, <cd>an agreement made between the owner of lands and the parson or vicar, with consent of the ordinary, that such lands shall be discharged from payment of tithes, in consequence of other land or recompense given to the parson in lieu and satisfaction thereof. <i>Blackstone</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Real estate</col> &or; <col>property</col></mcol>, <cd>lands, tenements, and hereditaments; freehold interests in landed property; property in houses and land. <i>Kent</i>. <i>Burrill</i>.</cd> -- <col>Real presence</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>the actual presence of the body and blood of Christ in the eucharist, or the conversion of the substance of the bread and wine into the real body and blood of Christ; transubstantiation. In other churches there is a belief in a form of real presence, not however in the sense of <i>transubstantiation<i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Real servitude</col>, <it>called also</it> <col>Predial servitude</col></mcol> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld>, <cd>a burden imposed upon one estate in favor of another estate of another proprietor. <i>Erskine</i>. <i>Bouvier</i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Actual; true; genuine; authentic.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Real</er>, <er>Actual</er>. <i>Real</i> represents a thing to be a substantive existence; <as>as, a <ex>real</ex>, not imaginary, occurrence</as>. <i>Actual</i> refers to it as acted or performed; and, hence, when we wish to prove a thing <i>real</i>, we often say, "It <i>actually</i> exists," "It has <i>actually</i> been done." Thus its <i>really</i> is shown by its <i>actually</i>. <i>Actual</i>, from this reference to being <i>acted</i>, has recently received a new signification, namely, <i>present</i>; as, the <i>actual</i> posture of affairs; since what is now in <i>action</i>, or going on, has, of course, a <i>present</i> existence. An <i>actual</i> fact; a <i>real</i> sentiment.

<blockquote>For he that but conceives a crime in thought,
Contracts the danger of an <b>actual</b> fault.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our simple ideas are all <b>real</b>; all agree to the <b>reality</b> of things.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>
</usage>

<hr>
<page="1195">
Page 1195<p>

<h1>Real</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A realist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Realgar</h1>
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<hw>Re*al"gar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82algar</ets>, Sp. <ets>rejalgar</ets>, Ar. <ets>rahj al gh\'ber</ets> powder of the mine.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Arsenic sulphide, a mineral of a brilliant red color; red orpiment. It is also an artificial product.</def>

<h1>Realism</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re"al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82alisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An opposed to <i>nominalism</i>, the doctrine that genera and species are real things or entities, existing independently of our conceptions. According to realism the Universal exists <i>ante rem</i> (<i>Plato</i>), or <i>in re</i> (<i>Aristotle</i>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>As opposed to <i>idealism</i>, the doctrine that in sense perception there is an immediate cognition of the external object, and our knowledge of it is not mediate and representative.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Art & Lit.)</fld> <def>Fidelity to nature or to real life; representation without idealization, and making no appeal to the imagination; adherence to the actual fact.</def>

<-- 3. the practise of assessing facts and the probabilities of the consequences of actions in an objective manner; avoidance of unrealistic or impractical beliefs or efforts.  Contrasted to idealism, self-deception, overimaginativeness, or visionariness.  -->

<h1>Realist</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re"al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82aliste</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>One who believes in realism; esp., one who maintains that <i>generals</i>, or the terms used to denote the genera and species of things, represent real existences, and are not mere names, as maintained by the <i>nominalists</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Art. & Lit.)</fld> <def>An artist or writer who aims at realism in his work. See <er>Realism</er>, 2.</def>

<-- 3. a person who avoids unrealistic or impractical beliefs or efforts.  Contrasted to idealist or visionary.  -->

<h1>Realistic</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re`al*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the realists; in the manner of the realists; characterized by realism rather than by imagination.</def>

<h1>Realistically</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re`al*is"tic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the realistic manner.</def>

<h1>Reality</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re*al"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Realities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82alit\'82</ets>, LL. <ets>realitas</ets>. See 3d <er>Real</er>. and cf. 2d <er>Realty</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being real; actual being or existence of anything, in distinction from mere appearance; fact.</def>

<blockquote>A man fancies that he understands a critic, when in <b>reality</b> he does not comprehend his meaning.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is real; an actual existence; that which is not imagination, fiction, or pretense; that which has objective existence, and is not merely an idea.</def>

<blockquote>And to <b>realities</b> yield all her shows.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My neck may be an idea to you, but it is <b>reality</b> to me.
<i>Beattie.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[See 1st <er>Realty</er>, 2.]</ety> <def>Loyalty; devotion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To express our <b>reality</b> to the emperor.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See 2d <er>Realty</er>, <er>2</er>.</def>

<h1>Realizable</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re"al*i`za*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being realized.</def>

<h1>Realization</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re`al*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82alisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of realizing, or the state of being realized.</def>

<h1>Realize</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re"al*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Realized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Realizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82aliser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make real; to convert from the imaginary or fictitious into the actual; to bring into concrete existence; to accomplish; <as>as, to <ex>realize</ex> a scheme or project</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We <b>realize</b> what Archimedes had only in hypothesis, weighting a single grain against the globe of earth.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to seem real; to impress upon the mind as actual; to feel vividly or strongly; to make one's own in apprehension or experience.</def>

<blockquote>Many coincidences . . . soon begin to appear in them [Greek inscriptions] which <b>realize</b> ancient history to us.
<i>Jowett.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We can not <b>realize</b> it in thought, that the object . . . had really no being at any past moment.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To convert into real property; to make real estate of; <as>as, to <ex>realize</ex> his fortune</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To acquire as an actual possession; to obtain as the result of plans and efforts; to gain; to get; <as>as, to <ex>realize</ex> large profits from a speculation</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Knighthood was not beyond the reach of any man who could by diligent thrift <b>realize</b> a good estate.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To convert into actual money; <as>as, to <ex>realize</ex> assets</as>.</def>

<h1>Realize</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re"al*ize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To convert any kind of property into money, especially property representing investments, as shares in stock companies, bonds, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Wary men took the alarm, and began to <b>realize</b>, a word now first brought into use to express the conversion of ideal property into something real.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Realizer</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re"al*i`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who realizes.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Realizing</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re"al*i`zing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to make real, or to impress on the mind as a reality; <as>as, a <ex>realizing</ex> view of the danger incurred</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re"al*i`zing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Reallege</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re`al*lege"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To allege again.</def>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Realliance</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re`al*li"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A renewed alliance.</def>

<h1>Re-ally</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re"-al*ly"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>ally</ets>, v. t.]</ety> <def>To bring together again; to compose or form anew.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Really</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re"al*ly`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Royally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Really</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re"al*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a real manner; with or in reality; actually; in truth.</def>

<blockquote>Whose anger is <b>really</b> but a short fit of madness.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Really</i> is often used familiarly as a slight corroboration of an opinion or a declaration.</note>

<blockquote>Why, <b>really</b>, sixty-five is somewhat old.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Realm</h1>
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<hw>Realm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>realme</ets>, <ets>ream</ets>, <ets>reaume</ets>, OF. <ets>reialme</ets>, <ets>roialme</ets>, F. <ets>royaume</ets>, fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>regalimen</ets>, from L. <ets>regalis</ets> royal. See <er>Regal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A royal jurisdiction or domain; a region which is under the dominion of a king; a kingdom.</def>

<blockquote>The absolute master of <b>realms</b> on which the sun perpetually alone.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, in general, province; region; country; domain; department; division; <as>as, the <ex>realm</ex> of fancy</as>.</def>

<h1>Realmless</h1>
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<hw>Realm"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of a realm.</def>

<i>Keats.</i>

<h1>Realness</h1>
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<hw>Re"al*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being real; reality.</def>

<h1>Realty</h1>
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<hw>Re"al*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>r\'82alt\'82</ets>, LL. <ets>regalitas</ets>, fr. L. <ets>regalis</ets>. See <er>Regal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Royalty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Loyalty; faithfulness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Realty</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re"al*ty</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Contr. from 1st <er>Reality</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Realty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Immobility, or the fixed, permanent nature of real property; <as>as, chattels which savor of the <ex>realty</ex></as>; -- so written in legal language for <i>reality</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Real estate; a piece of real property.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Ream</h1>
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<hw>Ream</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>re\'a0m</ets>, akin to G. <ets>rahm</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cream; also, the cream or froth on ale.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Ream</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Ream</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To cream; to mantle.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>A huge pewter measuring pot which, in the language of the hostess, <b>reamed</b> with excellent claret.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ream</h1>
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<hw>Ream</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Reim</er>.]</ety> <def>To stretch out; to draw out into thongs, threads, or filaments.</def>

<h1>Ream</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Ream</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>reme</ets>, OF. <ets>rayme</ets>, F. <ets>rame</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>resma</ets>), fr. Ar. <ets>rizma</ets> a bundle, especially of paper.]</ety> <def>A bundle, package, or quantity of paper, usually consisting of twenty quires or 480 sheets.</def><-- now 500 -->

<cs><col>Printer's ream</col>, <cd>twenty-one and a half quires. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> A common practice is now to count five hundred sheets to the <i>ream<i>.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Ream</h1>
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<hw>Ream</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reamed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reaming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>r\'84umen</ets> to remove, to clear away, fr. <ets>raum</ets> room. See <er>Room</er>.]</ety> <def>To bevel out, as the mouth of a hole in wood or metal; in modern usage, to enlarge or dress out, as a hole, with a reamer.</def>

<h1>Reame</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Reame</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Realm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Reamer</h1>
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<hw>Ream"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, reams; specifically, an instrument with cutting or scraping edges, used, with a twisting motion, for enlarging a round hole, as a bore of a cannon, etc.</def>

<h1>Reamputation</h1>
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<hw>Re*am`pu*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The second of two amputations performed upon the same member.</def>

<h1>Reanimate</h1>
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<hw>Re*an"i*mate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To animate anew; to restore to animation or life; to infuse new life, vigor, spirit, or courage into; to revive; to reinvigorate; <as>as, to <ex>reanimate</ex> a drowned person; to <ex>reanimate</ex> disheartened troops; to <ex>reanimate</ex> languid spirits.</as></def>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Reanimation</h1>
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<hw>Re*an"i*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or operation of reanimating, or the state of being reanimated; reinvigoration; revival.</def>

<h1>Reannex</h1>
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<hw>Re`an*nex"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To annex again or anew; to reunite.</def> "To <i>reannex</i> that duchy."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Reannexation</h1>
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<hw>Re*an`nex*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of reannexing.</def>

<h1>Reanswer</h1>
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<hw>Re*an"swer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To answer in return; to repay; to compensate; to make amends for.</def>

<blockquote>Which in weight to <b>reanswer</b>, his pettiness would bow under.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reap</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Reap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Raped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reaping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>repen</ets>, AS. <ets>r\'c6pan</ets> to seize, reap; cf. D. <ets>rapen</ets> to glean, reap, G. <ets>raufen</ets> to pluck, Goth. <ets>raupjan</ets>, or E. <ets>ripe</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut with a sickle, scythe, or reaping machine, as grain; to gather, as a harvest, by cutting.</def>

<blockquote>When ye <b>reap</b> the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly reap the corners of thy field.
<i>Lev.<?/<?/<?/. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To gather; to obtain; to receive as a reward or harvest, or as the fruit of labor or of works; -- in a good or a bad sense; <as>as, to <ex>reap</ex> a benefit from exertions</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Why do I humble thus myself, and, suing
For peace, <b>reap</b> nothing but repulse and hate?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To clear or a crop by reaping; <as>as, to <ex>reap</ex> a field</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To deprive of the beard; to shave.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Reaping hook</col>, <cd>an instrument having a hook-shaped blade, used in reaping; a sickle; -- in a specific sense, distinguished from a sickle by a blade keen instead of serrated.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reap</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Reap</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To perform the act or operation of reaping; to gather a harvest.</def>

<blockquote>They that sow in tears shall <b>reap</b> in joy.
<i>Ps. cxxvi. 5.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reap</h1>
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<hw>Reap</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>r\'c6p</ets> harvest. See <er>Reap</er>, <tt>v.<tt>]</ety> <def>A bundle of grain; a handful of grain laid down by the reaper as it is cut.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<h1>Reaper</h1>
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<hw>Reap"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who reaps.</def>

<blockquote>The sun-burned <b>reapers</b> wiping their foreheads.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A reaping machine.</def>

<h1>Reapparel</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re`ap*par"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To clothe again.</def>

<h1>Reappear</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re`ap*pear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To appear again.</def>

<h1>Reappearance</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re`ap*pear"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>A second or new appearance; the act or state of appearing again.</def>

<h1>Reapplication</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re*ap`pli*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reapplying, or the state of being reapplied.</def>

<h1>Reapply</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re`ap*ply"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To apply again.</def>

<h1>Reappoint</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re`ap*point"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To appoint again.</def>

<h1>Reappointment</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re`ap*point"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reappointing, or the state of being reappointed.</def>

<h1>Reapportion</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re`ap*por"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To apportion again.</def>

<h1>Reapportionment</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re`ap*por"tion*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second or a new apportionment.</def>

<h1>Reapproach</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re`ap*proach"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To approach again or anew.</def>

<h1>Rear</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Rear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Early; soon.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<blockquote>Then why does Cuddy leave his cot so <b>rear</b>!
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rear</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Rear</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>riere</ets> behind, backward, fr. L. <ets>retro</ets>. Cf. <er>Arrear</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The back or hindmost part; that which is behind, or last on order; -- opposed to <ant>front</ant>.</def>

<blockquote>Nipped with the lagging <b>rear</b> of winter's frost.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, the part of an army or fleet which comes last, or is stationed behind the rest.</def>

<blockquote>When the fierce foe hung on our broken <b>rear</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rear</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Rear</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being behind, or in the hindmost part; hindmost; <as>as, the <ex>rear</ex> rank of a company</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Rear admiral</col>, <cd>an officer in the navy, next in rank below a vice admiral, and above a commodore. See <er>Admiral</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rear front</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the rear rank of a body of troops when faced about and standing in that position.</cd> -- <col>Rear guard</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the division of an army that marches in the rear of the main body to protect it; -- used also figuratively.</cd> -- <col>Rear line</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the line in the rear of an army.</cd> -- <col>Rear rank</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the rank or line of a body of troops which is in the rear, or last in order.</cd> -- <col>Rear sight</col> <fld>(Firearms)</fld>, <cd>the sight nearest the breech.</cd> -- <col>To bring up the rear</col>, <cd>to come last or behind.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rear</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Rear</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To place in the rear; to secure the rear of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Rear</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Rear</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reared</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>r&aemac;ran</ets> to raise, rear, elevate, for <ets>r&aemac;san</ets>, causative of <ets>r\'c6san</ets> to rise. See <er>Rise</er>, and cf. <er>Raise</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To raise; to lift up; to cause to rise, become erect, etc.; to elevate; <as>as, to <ex>rear</ex> a monolith</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In adoration at his feet I fell
Submiss; he <b>reared</b> me.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It <b>reareth</b> our hearts from vain thoughts.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Mine [shall be] the first hand to <b>rear</b> her banner.
<i>Ld. Lytton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To erect by building; to set up; to construct; <as>as, to <ex>rear</ex> defenses or houses; to <ex>rear</ex> one government on the ruins of another.</as></def>

<blockquote>One <b>reared</b> a font of stone.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lift and take up.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<blockquote>And having her from Trompart lightly <b>reared</b>,
Upon his set the lovely load.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To bring up to maturity, as young; to educate; to instruct; to foster; <as>as, to <ex>rear</ex> offspring</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He wants a father to protect his youth,
And <b>rear</b> him up to virtue.
<i>Southern.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To breed and raise; <as>as, to <ex>rear</ex> cattle</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To rouse; to strip up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And seeks the tusky boar to <b>rear</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To lift; elevate; erect; raise, build; establish. See the Note under <er>Raise</er>, <er>3</er> <sd>(c)</sd>.</syn>

<h1>Rear</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Rear</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To rise up on the hind legs, as a horse; to become erect.</def>

<cs><col>Rearing bit</col>, <cd>a bit designed to prevent a horse from lifting his head when rearing.</cd>
<i>Knight.</i>
</cs>

<h1>Reardorse, Reardoss</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw><hw>Rear"dorse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Rear"doss</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A reredos.</def>

<h1>Rearer</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Rear"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One he, or that which, rears.</def>

<h1>Reargue</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re*ar"gue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To argue anew or again.</def>

<h1>Reargument</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re*ar"gu*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An arguing over again, as of a motion made in court.</def>

<h1>Rear-horse</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Rear"-horse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called because it <ets>rears</ets> up when disturbed.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mantis.</def>

<h1>Rearly</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Rear"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Early.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau. & Ft.</i>

<h1>Rearmost</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Rear"most`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Farthest in the rear; last.</def>

<h1>Rearmouse, Reremouse</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw><hw>Rear"mouse`</hw>, <hw>Rere"mouse`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hr&emac;rem&umac;s</ets>; probably fr. <ets>hr&emac;ran</ets> to agitate, stir (akin to G. <ets>r\'81hren</ets>, Icel. <ets>hr\'91ra</ets>) + <ets>m&umac;s</ets> mouse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The leather-winged bat (<spn>Vespertilio murinus</spn>).</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>reermouse</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Rearrange</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re`ar*range"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To arrange again; to arrange in a different way.</def>

<h1>Rearrangement</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re`ar*range"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of rearranging, or the state of being rearranged.</def>

<h1>Rearward</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Rear"ward`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rear</ets> + <ets>ward</ets>.]</ety> <def>The last troop; the rear of an army; a rear guard. Also used figuratively.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Rearward</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Rear"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & adv.</tt> <def>At or toward the rear.</def>

<h1>Reascend</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re`as*cend"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To rise, mount, or climb again.</def>

<h1>Reascend</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re`as*cend"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To ascend or mount again; to reach by ascending again.</def>

<blockquote>He mounts aloft, and <b>reascends</b> the skies.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reascension</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re`as*cen"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reascending; a remounting.</def>

<h1>Reascent</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Re`as*cent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A returning ascent or ascension; acclivity.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Reason</h1>
<Xpage=1195>

<hw>Rea"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>resoun</ets>, F. <ets>raison</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ratio</ets> (akin to Goth. <ets>rapj<?/</ets> number, account, ga<ets>rapjan</ets> to count, G. <ets>rede</ets> speech, <ets>reden</ets> to speak), fr. <ets>reri</ets>, <ets>ratus</ets>, to reckon, believe, think. Cf. <er>Arraign</er>, <er>Rate</er>, <er>Ratio</er>, <er>Ration</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A thought or a consideration offered in support of a determination or an opinion; a just ground for a conclusion or an action; that which is offered or accepted as an explanation; the efficient cause of an occurrence or a phenomenon; a motive for an action or a determination; proof, more or less decisive, for an opinion or a conclusion; principle; efficient cause; final cause; ground of argument.</def>

<blockquote>I'll give him <b>reasons</b> for it.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>reason</b> of the motion of the balance in a wheel watch is by the motion of the next wheel.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This <b>reason</b> did the ancient fathers render, why the church was called "catholic."
<i>Bp. Pearson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Virtue and vice are not arbitrary things; but there is a natural and eternal <b>reason</b> for that goodness and virtue, and against vice and wickedness.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The faculty of capacity of the human mind by which it is distinguished from the intelligence of the inferior animals; the higher as distinguished from the lower cognitive faculties, sense, imagination, and memory, and in contrast to the feelings and desires. <i>Reason</i> comprises conception, judgment, reasoning, and the intuitional faculty. Specifically, it is the intuitional faculty, or the faculty of first truths, as distinguished from the understanding, which is called the <i>discursive</i> or <i>ratiocinative</i> faculty.</def>

<blockquote>We have no other faculties of perceiving or knowing anything divine or human, but by our five senses and our <b>reason</b>.
<i>P. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In common and popular discourse, <b>reason</b> denotes that power by which we distinguish truth from falsehood, and right from wrong, and by which we are enabled to combine means for the attainment of particular ends.
<i>Stewart.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Reason</b> is used sometimes to express the whole of those powers which elevate man above the brutes, and constitute his rational nature, more especially, perhaps, his intellectual powers; sometimes to express the power of deduction or argumentation.
<i>Stewart.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By the pure <b>reason</b> I mean the power by which we become possessed of principles.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The sense perceives; the understanding, in its own peculiar operation, conceives; the <b>reason</b>, or rationalized understanding, comprehends.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1196">
Page 1196<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Due exercise of the reasoning faculty; accordance with, or that which is accordant with and ratified by, the mind rightly exercised; right intellectual judgment; clear and fair deductions from true principles; that which is dictated or supported by the common sense of mankind; right conduct; right; propriety; justice.</def>

<blockquote>I was promised, on a time,
To have <b>reason</b> for my rhyme.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But law in a free nation hath been ever public <b>reason</b>; the enacted <b>reason</b> of a parliament, which he denying to enact, denies to govern us by that which ought to be our law; interposing his own private <b>reason</b>, which to us is no law.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The most probable way of bringing France to <b>reason</b> would be by the making an attempt on the Spanish West Indies.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Ratio; proportion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<cs><col>By reason of</col>, <cd>by means of; on account of; because of.</cd> "Spain is thin sown of people, partly <i>by reason of</i> the sterility of the soil." <i>Bacon</i>. <col>In reason</col>, <col>In all reason</col>, <cd>in justice; with rational ground; in a right view.</cd>

<blockquote>When anything is proved by as good arguments as a thing of that kind is capable of, we ought not, in <b>reason</b>, to doubt of its existence.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>It is reason</col>, <cd>it is reasonable; it is right.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Yet <i>it were</i> great <b>reason</b>, that those that have children should have greatest care of future times.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>
</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Motive; argument; ground; consideration; principle; sake; account; object; purpose; design. See <er>Motive</er>, <er>Sense</er>.</syn>

<h1>Reason</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Rea"son</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reasoned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reasoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>raisonner</ets>. See <er>Reason</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To exercise the rational faculty; to deduce inferences from premises; to perform the process of deduction or of induction; to ratiocinate; to reach conclusions by a systematic comparison of facts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: To carry on a process of deduction or of induction, in order to convince or to confute; to formulate and set forth propositions and the inferences from them; to argue.</def>

<blockquote>Stand still, that I may <b>reason</b> with you, before the Lord, of all the righteous acts of the Lord.
<i>1 Sam. xii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To converse; to compare opinions.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Reason</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Rea"son</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To arrange and present the reasons for or against; to examine or discuss by arguments; to debate or discuss; <as>as, I <ex>reasoned</ex> the matter with my friend</as>.</def>

<blockquote>When they are clearly discovered, well digested, and well <b>reasoned</b> in every part, there is beauty in such a theory.
<i>T. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To support with reasons, as a request.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To persuade by reasoning or argument; <as>as, to <ex>reason</ex> one into a belief; to <ex>reason</ex> one out of his plan.</as></def>

<blockquote>Men that will not be <b>reasoned</b> into their senses.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To overcome or conquer by adducing reasons; -- with <i>down</i>; <as>as, to <ex>reason</ex> down a passion</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To find by logical process; to explain or justify by reason or argument; -- usually with <i>out</i>; <as>as, to <ex>reason</ex> out the causes of the librations of the moon</as>.</def>

<h1>Reasonable</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Rea"son*a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>resonable</ets>, F. <ets>raisonnable</ets>, fr. L. <ets>rationabilis</ets>. See <er>Reason</er>, <tt>n.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the faculty of reason; endued with reason; rational; <as>as, a <ex>reasonable</ex> being</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Governed by reason; being under influence of reason; thinking, speaking or acting rationally, or according to the dictates of reason; agreeable to reason; just; rational; <as>as, the measure must satisfy all <ex>reasonable</ex> men</as>.</def>

<blockquote>By indubitable certainty, I mean that which doth not admit of any <b>reasonable</b> cause of doubting.
<i>Bp. Wilkins.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Men have no right to what is not <b>reasonable</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Not excessive or immoderate; within due limits; proper; <as>as, a <ex>reasonable</ex> demand, amount, price</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Let . . . all things be thought upon
That may, with <b>reasonable</b> swiftness, add
More feathers to you wings.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Rational; just; honest; equitable; fair; suitable; moderate; tolerable. See <er>Rational</er>.</syn>

<h1>Reasonable</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Rea"son*a*ble</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Reasonable; tolerably.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I have a <b>reasonable</b> good ear in music.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reasonableness</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Rea"son*a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being reasonable.</def>

<h1>Reasonably</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Rea"son*a*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a reasonable manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Moderately; tolerably.</def> "<i>Reasonably</i> perfect in the language."

<i>Holder.</i>

<h1>Reasoner</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Rea"son*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reasons or argues; <as>as, a fair <ex>reasoner</ex>; a close <ex>reasoner</ex>; a logical <ex>reasoner</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Reasoning</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Rea"son*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of adducing a reason or reasons; manner of presenting one's reasons.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is offered in argument; proofs or reasons when arranged and developed; course of argument.</def>

<blockquote>His <b>reasoning</b> was sufficiently profound.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Argumentation; argument.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Reasoning</er>, <er>Argumentation</er>. Few words are more interchanged than these; and yet, technically, there is a difference between them. <i>Reasoning</i> is the broader term, including both deduction and induction. <i>Argumentation</i> denotes simply the former, and descends from the whole to some included part; while <i>reasoning</i> embraces also the latter, and ascends from a part to a whole. See <er>Induction</er>. <i>Reasoning</i> is occupied with ideas and their relations; <i>argumentation</i> has to do with the forms of logic. A thesis is set down: you attack, I defend it; you insist, I prove; you distinguish, I destroy your distinctions; my replies balance or overturn your objections. Such is <i>argumentation</i>. It supposes that there are two sides, and that both agree to the same rules. <i>Reasoning</i>, on the other hand, is often a natural process, by which we form, from the general analogy of nature, or special presumptions in the case, conclusions which have greater or less degrees of force, and which may be strengthened or weakened by subsequent experience.</usage>

<h1>Reasonist</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Rea"son*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rationalist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Such persons are now commonly called "<b>reasonists</b>" and "<b>rationalists</b>," to distinguish them from true reasoners and rational inquirers.
<i>Waterland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reasonless</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Rea"son*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Destitute of reason; <as>as, a <ex>reasonless</ex> man or mind</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Void of reason; not warranted or supported by reason; unreasonable.</def>

<blockquote>This proffer is absurd and <b>reasonless</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reassemblage</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`as*sem"blage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Assemblage a second time or again.</def>

<h1>Reassemble</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`as*sem"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To assemble again.</def>

<h1>Reassert</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`as*sert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To assert again or anew; to maintain after an omission to do so.</def>

<blockquote>Let us hope . . . we may have a body of authors who will <b>reassert</b> our claim to respectability in literature.
<i>Walsh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reassertion</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`as*ser"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second or renewed assertion of the same thing.</def>

<h1>Reassessment</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`as*sess"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A renewed or second assessment.</def>

<h1>Reassign</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`as*sign"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To assign back or again; to transfer back what has been assigned.</def>

<h1>Reassignment</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`as*sign"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reassigning.</def>

<h1>Reassimilate</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`as*sim"i*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To assimilate again.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re`as*sim`i*la"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Reassociate</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`as*so"ci*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To associate again; to bring again into close relatoins.</def>

<h1>Reassume</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`as*sume"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To assume again or anew; to resume.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re`as*sump"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Reassurance</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`as*sur"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Assurance or confirmation renewed or repeated.</def>

<i>Prynne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Reinsurance</er>.</def>

<h1>Reassure</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`as*sure"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To assure anew; to restore confidence to; to free from fear or terror.</def>

<blockquote>They rose with fear, . . .
Till dauntless Pallas <b>reassured</b> the rest.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reinsure.</def>

<h1>Reassurer</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`as*sur"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reassures.</def>

<h1>Reasty</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Reas"ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Rusty and rancid; -- applied to salt meat.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark> <i>Tusser</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Reas"ti*ness</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Reata</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re*a"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A lariat.</def>

<h1>Reattach</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`at*tach</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To attach again.</def><--  the object reattached may have been an integral part which had never been "attached" (trans), e.g., to reattach a severed finger. -->

<h1>Reattachment</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`at*tach"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reattaching; a second attachment.</def>

<h1>Reattain</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`at*tain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To attain again.</def>

<h1>Reattainment</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`at*tain"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reattaining.</def>

<h1>Reattempt</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`at*tempt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To attempt again.</def>

<h1>Reaume</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`aume</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Realm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>R\'82aumur</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>R\'82`au`mur"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Ren\'82 Antoine Ferchault de <i>R\'82aumur</i>; conformed to the scale adopted by R\'82aumur in graduating the thermometer he invented.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A R\'82aumur thermometer or scale.</def></def2>

<note>&hand; The <i>R\'82aumur thermometer</i> is so graduated that 0&deg; marks the freezing point and 80&deg; the boiling point of water. Frequently indicated by R.  Cf. <er>Centigrade</er>, and <er>Fahrenheit</er>. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Thermometer</er>.</note>

<h1>Reave</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Reave</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reaved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <er>Reft</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, or <er>Raft</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt> (<mark>obs.</mark>); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reaving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>re\'a0fian</ets>, from <ets>re\'a0f</ets> spoil, plunder, clothing, <ets>re\'a2fan</ets> to break (cf. <ets>bire\'a2fan</ets> to deprive of); akin to G. <ets>rauben</ets> to rob, Icel. <ets>raufa</ets> to rob, <ets>rj&umac;fa</ets> to break, violate, Goth. <ets>bir\'a0ubon</ets> to despoil, L. <ets>rumpere</ets> to break; cf. Skr. <ets>lup</ets> to break. &root;114. Cf. <er>Bereave</er>, <er>Rob</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Robe</er>, <er>Rove</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>Rupture</er>.]</ety> <def>To take away by violence or by stealth; to snatch away; to rob; to despoil; to bereave. <mark>[Archaic]</mark>.</def> "To <i>reave</i> his life."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>He golden apples <b>raft</b> of the dragon.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By privy stratagem my life at home.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>
<-- #sic.  Obviously, something left out of this quote. -->

<blockquote>To <b>reave</b> the orphan of his patrimony.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The heaven caught and <b>reft</b> him of his tongue.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reaver</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Reav"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reaves.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Reawake</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`a*wake"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To awake again.</def>

<h1>Rebanish</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re*ban"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To banish again.</def>

<h1>Rebaptism</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re*bap"tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second baptism.</def>

<h1>Rebaptisation</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re*bap`ti*sa"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rebaptisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A second baptism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Rebaptize</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`bap*tize"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>baptist</ets>: of F. <ets>rebaptiser</ets>, L. <ets>rebaptizare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To baptize again or a second time.</def>

<h1>Rebaptizer</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re`bap*tiz"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rebaptizes.</def>

<h1>Rebarbarize</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re*bar"ba*rize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reduce again to barbarism.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*bar`ba*ri*za"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Germany . . . <b>rebarbarized</b> by polemical theology and religious wars.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rebate</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re*bate"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rebattre</ets> to beat again; pref <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>battre</ets> to beat, L. <ets>batuere</ets> to beat, strike. See <er>Abate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat to obtuseness; to deprive of keenness; to blunt; to turn back the point of, as a lance used for exercise.</def>

<blockquote>But doth <b>rebate</b> and blunt his natural edge.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deduct from; to make a discount from, as interest due, or customs duties.</def>

<i>Blount.</i>

<-- 2 (b). To return a portion of a sum paid, as a method of discounting. -->

<cs><col>Rebated cross</col>, <cd>a cross which has the extremities of the arms bent back at right angles, as in the fylfot.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rebate</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re*bate"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To abate; to withdraw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Rebate</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re*bate"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Diminution.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Deduction; abatement; <as>as, a <ex>rebate</ex> of interest for immediate payment; a <ex>rebate</ex> of importation duties.</as></def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<-- 2 (b). A portion of a sum paid, returned to the purchaser, as a method of discounting.  The rebate is sometimes returned by the manufacturer, after the full price is paid to the retailer by the purchaser. -->

<h1>Rebate</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re*bate"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Rabbet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A restangular longitudinal recess or groove, cut in the corner or edge of any body; a rabbet. See <er>Rabbet</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A piece of wood hafted into a long stick, and serving to beat out mortar.</def>

<i>Elmes.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An iron tool sharpened something like a chisel, and used for dressing and polishing wood.</def>

<i>Elmes.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <ety>[Perhaps a different word.]</ety> <def>A kind of hard freestone used in making pavements.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Elmes.</i>

<h1>Rebate</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re*bate"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cut a rebate in. See <er>Rabbet</er>, <tt>v.</tt></def>

<h1>Rebatement</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re*bate"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>rabatement</ets>, fr. <ets>rabatre</ets> to diminish, F. <ets>rabatre</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as 3d <er>Rebate</er>, <tt>v.</tt></def>

<h1>Rebato</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re*ba"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Rabato</er>.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Rebec</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re"bec</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. It. <ets>ribeca</ets>, <ets>ribeba</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>rab\'beb</ets> a musical instrument of a round form.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An instrument formerly used which somewhat resembled the violin, having three strings, and being played with a bow.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rebeck</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>He turn'd his <b>rebec</b> to a mournful note.
<i>Drayton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A contemptuous term applied to an old woman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Rebel</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Reb"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rebelle</ets>, fr. L. <ets>rebellis</ets>. See <er>Rebel</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Pertaining to rebels or rebellion; acting in revolt; rebellious; <as>as, <ex>rebel</ex> troops</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Whoso be <b>rebel</b> to my judgment.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Convict by flight, and <b>rebel</b> to all law.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rebel</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Reb"el</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rebelle</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who rebels.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Revolter; insurgent.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Rebel</er>, <er>Insurgent</er>. <i>Insurgent</i> marks an early, and <i>rebel</i> a more advanced, stage of opposition to government. The former rises up against his rulers, the latter makes war upon them.</usage>

<h1>Rebel</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re*bel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rebelled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rebelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>rebeller</ets>, fr. L. <ets>rebellare</ets> to make war again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> again + <ets>bellare</ets> to make war, fr. <ets>bellum</ets> war. See <er>Bellicose</er>, and cf. <er>Revel</er> to carouse.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To renounce, and resist by force, the authority of the ruler or government to which one owes obedience. See <er>Rebellion</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The murmur and the churl's <b>rebelling</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ye have builded you an altar, that ye might <b>rebel</b> this day against the Lord.
<i>Josh. xxii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be disobedient to authority; to assume a hostile or insubordinate attitude; to revolt.</def>

<blockquote>Hoe could my hand <b>rebel</b> against my heart?
How could you heart <b>rebel</b> against your reason?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rebeldom</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Reb"el*dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A region infested by rebels; rebels, considered collectively; also, conduct o<?/ quality characteristic of rebels.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Rebeller</h1>
<Xpage=1196>

<hw>Re*bel"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rebels; a rebel.</def>

<h1>Rebellion</h1>
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<hw>Re*bel"lion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82bellion</ets>, L. <ets>rebellio</ets>. See <er>Rebel</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt> Among the Romans rebellion was originally a revolt or open resistance to their government by nations that had been subdued in war. It was a renewed war.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of rebelling; open and avowed renunciation of the authority of the government to which one owes obedience, and resistances to its officers and laws, either by levying war, or by aiding others to do so; an organized uprising of subjects for the purpose of coercing or overthrowing their lawful ruler or government by force; revolt; insurrection.</def>

<blockquote>No sooner is the standard of <b>rebellion</b> displayed than men of desperate principles resort to it.
<i>Ames.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Open resistances to, or defiance of, lawful authority.</def>

<cs><col>Commission of rebellion</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a process of contempt on the nonappearance of a defendant, -- non abolished.</cd>
<i>Wharton. Burrill.</i>
</cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Insurrection; sedition; revolt; mutiny; resistances; contumacy. See <er>Insurrection</er>.</syn>

<h1>Rebellious</h1>
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<hw>Re*bel"lious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Engaged in rebellion; disposed to rebel of the nature of rebels or of rebellion; resisting government or lawful authority by force.</def> "Thy <i>rebellious</i> crew." "Proud <i>rebellious</i> arms." <i>Milton.</i> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*bel"lious*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*bel"lious*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Rebellow</h1>
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<hw>Re*bel"low</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To bellow again; to repeat or echo a bellow.</def>

<blockquote>The cave <b>rebellowed</b>, and the temple shook.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rebiting</h1>
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<hw>Re*bit"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Etching)</fld> <def>The act or process of deepening worn lines in an etched plate by submitting it again to the action if acid.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Rebloom</h1>
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<hw>Re*bloom"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To bloom again.</def>

<i>Crabbe.</i>

<h1>Reblossom</h1>
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<hw>Re*blos"som</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To blossom again.</def>

<h1>Reboant</h1>
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<hw>Re*bo"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reboans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>reboare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>boare</ets> to cry aloud.]</ety> <def>Rebellowing; resounding loudly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Reboation</h1>
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<hw>Re`bo*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Repetition of a bellow.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Patrick.</i>

<h1>Reboil</h1>
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<hw>Re*boil"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>boil</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rebouillir</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To boil, or to cause to boil, again.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fig.: To make or to become hot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some of his companions thereat <b>reboyleth</b>.
<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reborn</h1>
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<hw>Re*born"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. p.</tt> <def>Born again.</def>

<h1>Rebound</h1>
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<hw>Re*bound"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>bound</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rebondir</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To spring back; to start back; to be sent back or reverberated by elastic force on collision with another body; <as>as, a <ex>rebounding</ex> echo</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Bodies which are absolutely hard, or so soft as to be void of elasticity, will not <b>rebound</b> from one another.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give back an echo.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bound again or repeatedly, as a horse.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<cs><col>Rebounding lock</col> <fld>(Firearms)</fld>, <cd>one in which the hammer rebounds to half cock after striking the cap or primer.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rebound</h1>
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<hw>Re*bound"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To send back; to reverberate.</def>

<blockquote>Silenus sung; the vales his voice <b>rebound</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rebound</h1>
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<hw>Re*bound"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of rebounding; resilience.</def>

<blockquote>Flew . . . back, as from a rock, with swift <b>rebound</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rebrace</h1>
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<hw>Re*brace"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To brace again.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Rebreathe</h1>
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<hw>Re*breathe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To breathe again.</def>

<h1>Rebucous</h1>
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<hw>Re*bu"cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rebuking.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She gave unto him many <b>rebucous</b> words.
<i>Fabyan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rebuff</h1>
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<hw>Re*buff"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>ribuffo</ets>, akin to <ets>ribuffare</ets> to repulse; pref. <ets>ri-</ets> (L. <ets>re-</ets>) + <ets>buffo</ets> puff. Cf. <er>Buff</er> to strike, <er>Buffet</er> a blow.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Repercussion, or beating back; a quick and sudden resistance.</def>

<blockquote>The strong <b>rebuff</b> of some tumultuous cloud.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sudden check; unexpected repulse; defeat; refusal; repellence; rejection of solicitation.</def>

<h1>Rebuff</h1>
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<hw>Re*buff"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rebuffed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rebuffing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To beat back; to offer sudden resistance to; to check; to repel or repulse violently, harshly, or uncourteously.</def>

<h1>Rebuild</h1>
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<hw>Re*build"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To build again, as something which has been demolished; to construct anew; <as>as, to <ex>rebuild</ex> a house, a wall, a wharf, or a city</as>.</def>

<h1>Rebuilder</h1>
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<hw>Re*build"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rebuilds.</def>

<i>Bp. Bull.</i>

<h1>Rebukable</h1>
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<hw>Re*buk"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worthy of rebuke or reprehension; reprehensible.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Rebuke</h1>
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<hw>Re*buke"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rebuked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rebuking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>rebouquier</ets> to dull, blunt, F. <ets>reboucher</ets>; perhaps fr. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>bouche</ets> mouth, OF. also <ets>bouque</ets>, L. <ets>bucca</ets> cheek; if so, the original sense was, to stop the mouth of; hence, to stop, obstruct.]</ety> <def>To check, silence, or put down, with reproof; to restrain by expression of disapprobation; to reprehend sharply and summarily; to chide; to reprove; to admonish.</def>

<blockquote>The proud he tamed, the penitent he cheered,
Nor to <b>rebuke</b> the rich offender feared.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To reprove; chide; check; chasten; restrain; silence. See <er>Reprove</er>.</syn>

<hr>
<page="1197">
Page 1197<p>

<h1>Rebuke</h1>
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<hw>Re*buke"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A direct and pointed reproof; a reprimand; also, chastisement; punishment.</def>

<blockquote>For thy sake I have suffered <b>rebuke</b>.
<i>Jer. xv. 15.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Why bear you these <b>rebukes</b> and answer not?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Check; rebuff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>L'Estrange.</i>

<cs><col>To be without rebuke</col>, <cd>to live without giving cause of reproof or censure; to be blameless.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rebukeful</h1>
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<hw>Re*buke"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing rebuke; of the nature of rebuke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*buke"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Rebuker</h1>
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<hw>Re*buk"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rebukes.</def>

<h1>Rebukingly</h1>
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<hw>Re*buk"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of rebuke.</def>

<h1>Rebullition</h1>
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<hw>Re`bul*li"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of boiling up or effervescing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Rebury</h1>
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<hw>Re*bur"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bury again.</def>

<i>Ashmole.</i>

<h1>Rebus</h1>
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<hw>Re"bus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rebuses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>rebus</ets> by things, abl. pl. of <ets>res</ets> a thing: cf. F. <ets>r\'82bus</ets>. Cf. 3d things, abl. pl. of <ets>res</ets> a thing: cf. F. <ets>r\'82bus</ets>. Cf. 3d <er>Real</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A mode of expressing words and phrases by pictures of objects whose names resemble those words, or the syllables of which they are composed; enigmatical representation of words by figures; hence, a peculiar form of riddle made up of such representations.</def>

<note>&hand; A gallant, in love with a woman named <i>Rose Hill</i>, had, embroidered on his gown, a rose, a hill, an eye, a loaf, and a well, signifying, <i>Rose Hill I love well</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A pictorial suggestion on a coat of arms of the name of the person to whom it belongs. See <cref>Canting arms</cref>, under <er>Canting</er>.</def>

<h1>Rebus</h1>
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<hw>Re"bus</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mark or indicate by a rebus.</def>

<blockquote>He [John Morton] had a fair library <b>rebused</b> with More in text and Tun under it.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rebut</h1>
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<hw>Re*but"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rebutted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rebutting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>reb<?/<?/ter</ets> to repulse, drive back; pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>bouter</ets> to push, thrust. See 1st <er>Butt</er>, <er>Boutade</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To drive or beat back; to repulse.</def>

<blockquote>Who him, recount'ring fierce, as hawk in flight,
Perforce <b>rebutted</b> back.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To contradict, meet, or oppose by argument, plea, or countervailing proof.</def>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Rebut</h1>
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<hw>Re*but"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To retire; to recoil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To make, or put in, an answer, as to a plaintiff's surrejoinder.</def>

<blockquote>The plaintiff may answer the rejoinder by a surrejoinder; on which the defendant.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rebuttable</h1>
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<hw>Re*but"ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being rebutted.</def>

<h1>Rebuttal</h1>
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<hw>Re*but"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The giving of evidence on the part of a plaintiff to destroy the effect of evidence introduced by the defendant in the same suit.</def>

<h1>Rebutter</h1>
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<hw>Re*but"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The answer of a defendant in matter of fact to a plaintiff's surrejoinder.</def>

<h1>Recadency</h1>
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<hw>Re*ca"den*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A falling back or descending a second time; a relapse.</def>

<i>W. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Recalcitrant</h1>
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<hw>Re*cal"ci*trant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recalcitrans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>recalcitrare</ets> to kick back; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>calcitrare</ets> to kick, fr. <ets>calx</ets> heel. Cf. <er>Inculcate</er>.]</ety> <def>Kicking back; recalcitrating; hence, showing repugnance or opposition; refractory.</def>

<h1>Recalcitrate</h1>
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<hw>Re*cal"ci*trate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To kick against; to show repugnance to; to rebuff.</def>

<blockquote>The more heartily did one disdain his disdain, and <b>recalcitrate</b> his tricks.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recalcitrate</h1>
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<hw>Re*cal"ci*trate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To kick back; to kick against anything; hence, to express repugnance or opposition.</def>

<h1>Recalcitration</h1>
<Xpage=1197>

<hw>Re*cal`ci*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kicking back again; opposition; repugnance; refractoriness.</def>

<h1>Recall</h1>
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<hw>Re*call"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To call back; to summon to return; <as>as, to <ex>recall</ex> troops; to <ex>recall</ex> an ambassador.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To revoke; to annul by a subsequent act; to take back; to withdraw; <as>as, to <ex>recall</ex> words, or a decree</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Passed sentence may not be <b>recall'd</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To call back to mind; to revive in memory; to recollect; to remember; <as>as, to <ex>recall</ex> bygone days</as>.</def>

<h1>Recall</h1>
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<hw>Re*call"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A calling back; a revocation.</def>

<blockquote>'T his done, and since 't is done, 't is past <b>recall</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A call on the trumpet, bugle, or drum, by which soldiers are recalled from duty, labor, etc.</def>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<h1>Recallable</h1>
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<hw>Re*call"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being recalled.</def>

<h1>Recallment</h1>
<Xpage=1197>

<hw>Re*call"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Recall.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>R. Browning.</i>

<h1>Recant</h1>
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<hw>Re*cant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Recanted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Recanting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>recantare</ets>, <ets>recantatum</ets>, to recall, recant; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>cantare</ets> to sing, to sound. See 3d <er>Cant</er>, <er>Chant</er>.]</ety> <def>To withdraw or repudiate formally and publicly (opinions formerly expressed); to contradict, as a former declaration; to take back openly; to retract; to recall.</def>

<blockquote>How soon . . . ease would <b>recant</b>
Vows made in pain, as violent and void!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To retract; recall; revoke; abjure; disown; disavow. See <er>Renounce</er>.</syn>

<h1>Recant</h1>
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<hw>Re*cant"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To revoke a declaration or proposition; to unsay what has been said; to retract; <as>as, convince me that I am wrong, and I will <ex>recant</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Recantation</h1>
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<hw>Re`can*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of recanting; a declaration that contradicts a former one; that which is thus asserted in contradiction; retraction.</def>

<blockquote>The poor man was imprisoned for this discovery, and forced to make a public <b>recantation</b>.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recanter</h1>
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<hw>Re*cant"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who recants.</def>

<h1>Recapacitate</h1>
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<hw>Re`ca*pac"i*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To qualify again; to confer capacity on again.</def>

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<h1>Recapitulate</h1>
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<hw>Re*ca*pit"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recapitulare</ets>, <ets>recapitulatum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>capitulum</ets> a small head, chapter, section. See <er>Capitulate</er>.]</ety> <def>To repeat, as the principal points in a discourse, argument, or essay; to give a summary of the principal facts, points, or arguments of; to relate in brief; to summarize.</def>

<h1>Recapitulate</h1>
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<hw>Re`ca*pit"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To sum up, or enumerate by heads or topics, what has been previously said; to repeat briefly the substance.</def>

<h1>Recapitulation</h1>
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<hw>Re`ca*pit`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>recapitulatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>recapitulation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of recapitulating; a summary, or concise statement or enumeration, of the principal points, facts, or statements, in a preceding discourse, argument, or essay.</def>

<h1>Recapitulator</h1>
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<hw>Re`ca*pit"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who recapitulates.</def>

<h1>Recapitulatory</h1>
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<hw>Re`ca*pit"u*la*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of a recapitulation; containing recapitulation.</def>

<h1>Recapper</h1>
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<hw>Re*cap"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Firearms)</fld> <def>A tool used for applying a fresh percussion cap or primer to a cartridge shell in reloading it.</def>

<h1>Recaption</h1>
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<hw>Re*cap"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act of retaking, as of one who has escaped after arrest; reprisal; the retaking of one's own goods, chattels, wife, or children, without force or violence, from one who has taken them and who wrongfully detains them.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<cs><col>Writ of recaption</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a writ to recover damages for him whose goods, being distrained for rent or service, are distrained again for the same cause.</cd><rj><i>Wharton.</i></rj></cs>

<h1>Recaptor</h1>
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<hw>Re*cap"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who recaptures; one who takes a prize which had been previously taken.</def>

<h1>Recapture</h1>
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<hw>Re*cap"ture</hw> <tt>(?; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of retaking or recovering by capture; especially, the retaking of a prize or goods from a captor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is captured back; a prize retaken.</def>

<h1>Recapture</h1>
<Xpage=1197>

<hw>Re*cap"ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To capture again; to retake.</def>

<h1>Recarbonize</h1>
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<hw>Re*car"bon*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>To restore carbon to; <as>as, to <ex>recarbonize</ex> iron in converting it into steel</as>.</def>

<h1>Recarnify</h1>
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<hw>Re*car"ni*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To convert again into flesh.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Recarriage</h1>
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<hw>Re*car"riage</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of carrying back.</def>

<h1>Recarry</h1>
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<hw>Re*car"ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To carry back.</def>

<i>Walton.</i>

<h1>Recast</h1>
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<hw>Re*cast"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw again.</def>

<i>Florio.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mold anew; to cast anew; to throw into a new from a shape; to reconstruct; <as>as, to <ex>recast</ex> cannon; to <ex>recast</ex> an argument or a play.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To compute, or cast up, a second time.</def>

<h1>Recche</h1>
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<hw>Rec"che</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To reck.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Reccheles</h1>
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<hw>Rec"che*les</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Reckless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Recede</h1>
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<hw>Re*cede"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Receded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Receding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>recedere</ets>, <ets>recessum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>cedere</ets> to go, to go along: cf. F. <ets>rec\'82der</ets>. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move back; to retreat; to withdraw.</def>

<blockquote>Like the hollow roar
Of tides <b>receding</b> from the instituted shore.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All bodies moved circularly endeavor to <b>recede</b> from the center.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To withdraw a claim or pretension; to desist; to relinquish what had been proposed or asserted; <as>as, to <ex>recede</ex> from a demand or proposition</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To retire; retreat; return; retrograde; withdraw; desist.</syn>

<h1>Recede</h1>
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<hw>Re*cede"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>cede</ets>. Cf. <er>Recede</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To cede back; to grant or yield again to a former possessor; <as>as, to <ex>recede</ex> conquered territory</as>.</def>

<h1>Receipt</h1>
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<hw>Re*ceipt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>receite</ets>, OF. <ets>recete</ets>, <ets>recepte</ets>, F. <ets>recette</ets>, fr. L. <ets>recipere</ets>, <ets>receptum</ets>, to receive. See <er>Receive</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of receiving; reception.</def> "At the <i>receipt</i> of your letter."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reception, as an act of hospitality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thy kind <b>receipt</b> of me.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Capability of receiving; capacity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It has become a place of great <b>receipt</b>.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Place of receiving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He saw a man, named Matthew, sitting at the <b>receipt</b> of custom.
<i>Matt. ix. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Hence, a recess; a retired place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "In a retired <i>receipt</i> together lay."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A formulary according to the directions of which things are to be taken or combined; a recipe; <as>as, a <ex>receipt</ex> for making sponge cake</as>.</def>

<blockquote>She had a <b>receipt</b> to make white hair black.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A writing acknowledging the taking or receiving of goods delivered; an acknowledgment of money paid.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>That which is received; that which comes in, in distinction from what is expended, paid out, sent away, and the like; -- usually in the plural; <as>as, the <ex>receipts</ex> amounted to a thousand dollars</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Cross receipts</col>. <cd>See under <er>Gross</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Receipt</h1>
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<hw>Re*ceipt"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Receipted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Receipting</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give a receipt for; <as>as, to <ex>receipt</ex> goods delivered by a sheriff</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put a receipt on, as by writing or stamping; <as>as, to <ex>receipt</ex> a bill</as>.</def>

<h1>Receipt</h1>
<Xpage=1197>

<hw>Re*ceipt"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To give a receipt, as for money paid.</def>

<h1>Receiptment</h1>
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<hw>Re*ceipt"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The receiving or harboring a felon knowingly, after the commission of a felony.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Receiptor</h1>
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<hw>Re*ceipt"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who receipts; specifically <fld>(Law)</fld>, one who receipts for property which has been taken by the sheriff.</def>

<h1>Receit</h1>
<Xpage=1197>

<hw>Re*ceit"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Receipt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Receivability</h1>
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<hw>Re*ceiv`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being receivable; receivableness.</def>

<h1>Receivable</h1>
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<hw>Re*ceiv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>recevable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being received.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*ceiv"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<cs><col>Bills receivable</col>. <cd>See under 6th <er>Bill</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Receive</h1>
<Xpage=1197>

<hw>Re*ceive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Received</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Receiving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>receiver</ets>, <ets>recevoir</ets>, F. <ets>recevoir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>recipere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>capere</ets> to take, seize. See See <er>Capable</er>, <er>Heave</er>, and cf. <er>Receipt</er>, <er>Reception</er>, <er>Recipe</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To take, as something that is offered, given, committed, sent, paid, or the like; to accept; <as>as, to <ex>receive</ex> money offered in payment of a debt; to <ex>receive</ex> a gift, a message, or a letter.</as></def>

<blockquote><b>Receyven</b> all in gree that God us sent.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: To gain the knowledge of; to take into the mind by assent to; to give admission to; to accept, as an opinion, notion, etc.; to embrace.</def>

<blockquote>Our hearts <b>receive</b> your warnings.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The idea of solidity we <b>receives</b> by our touch.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To allow, as a custom, tradition, or the like; to give credence or acceptance to.</def>

<blockquote>Many other things there be which they have <b>received</b> to hold, as the washing of cups, and pots.
<i>Mark vii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give admittance to; to permit to enter, as into one's house, presence, company, and the like; <as>as, to <ex>receive</ex> a lodger, visitor, ambassador, messenger, etc</as>.</def>

<blockquote>They kindled a fire, and <b>received</b> us every one.
<i>Acts xxviii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To admit; to take in; to hold; to contain; to have capacity fro; to be able to take in.</def>

<blockquote>The brazen altar that was before the Lord was too little to <b>receive</b> the burnt offerings.
<i>1 Kings viii. 64.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To be affected by something; to suffer; to be subjected to; <as>as, to <ex>receive</ex> pleasure or pain; to <ex>receive</ex> a wound or a blow; to <ex>receive</ex> damage.</as></def>

<blockquote>Against his will he can <b>receive</b> no harm.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To take from a thief, as goods known to be stolen.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Lawn Tennis)</fld> <def>To bat back (the ball) when served.</def>

<cs><col>Receiving ship</col>, <cd>one on board of which newly recruited sailors are received, and kept till drafted for service.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To accept; take; allow; hold; retain; admit.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Receive</er>, <er>Accept</er>. To <i>receive</i> describes simply the act of taking. To <i>accept</i> denotes the taking with approval, or for the purposes for which a thing is offered. Thus, we <i>receive</i> a letter when it comes to hand; we <i>receive</i> news when it reaches us; we <i>accept</i> a present when it is offered; we <i>accept</i> an invitation to dine with a friend.</usage>

<blockquote>Who, if we knew
What we <b>receive</b>, would either not <b>accept</b>
Life offered, or soon beg to lay it down.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Receive</h1>
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<hw>Re*ceive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To receive visitors; to be at home to receive calls; <as>as, she <ex>receives</ex> on Tuesdays</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Lawn Tennis)</fld> <def>To return, or bat back, the ball when served; <as>as, it is your turn to <ex>receive</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Receivedness</h1>
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<hw>Re*ceiv"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being received, accepted, or current; <as>as, the <ex>receivedness</ex> of an opinion</as>.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Receiver</h1>
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<hw>Re*ceiv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>receveur</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who takes or receives in any manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person appointed, ordinarily by a court, to receive, and hold in trust, money or other property which is the subject of litigation, pending the suit; a person appointed to take charge of the estate and effects of a corporation, and to do other acts necessary to winding up its affairs, in certain cases.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who takes or buys stolen goods from a thief, knowing them to be stolen.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A vessel connected with an alembic, a retort, or the like, for receiving and condensing the product of distillation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A vessel for receiving and containing gases.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Pneumatics)</fld> <def>The glass vessel in which the vacuum is produced, and the objects of experiment are put, in experiments with an air pump. Cf. <er>Bell jar</er>, and see <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Air pump</er>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A vessel for receiving the exhaust steam from the high-pressure cylinder before it enters the low-pressure cylinder, in a compound engine.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A capacious vessel for receiving steam from a distant boiler, and supplying it dry to an engine.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>That portion of a telephonic apparatus, or similar system, at which the message is received and made audible; -- opposed to <i>transmitter</i>.</def>

<cs><col>Exhausted receiver</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>a receiver, as that used with the air pump, from which the air has been withdrawn; a vessel the interior of which is a more or less complete vacuum.</cd></cs>

<h1>Receivership</h1>
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<hw>Re*ceiv"er*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or office of a receiver.</def>

<h1>Recelebrate</h1>
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<hw>Re*cel"e*brate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To celebrate again, or anew.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*cel`e*bra"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Recency</h1>
<Xpage=1197>

<hw>Re"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>recentia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>recens</ets>. See <er>Recent</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being recent; newness; new state; late origin; lateness in time; freshness; <as>as, the <ex>recency</ex> of a transaction, of a wound, etc</as>.</def>

<h1>Recense</h1>
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<hw>Re*cense"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recensere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> again + <ets>censere</ets> to value, estimate: cf. F. <ets>recenser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To review; to revise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bentley.</i>

<h1>Recension</h1>
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<hw>Re*cen"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recensio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>recension</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reviewing or revising; review; examination; enumeration.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, the review of a text (as of an ancient author) by an editor; critical revisal and establishment.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The result of such a work; a text established by critical revision; an edited version.</def>

<h1>Recensionist</h1>
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<hw>Re*cen"sion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes recensions; specifically, a critical editor.</def>

<h1>Recent</h1>
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<hw>Re"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82cent</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of late origin, existence, or occurrence; lately come; not of remote date, antiquated style, or the like; not already known, familiar, worn out, trite, etc.; fresh; novel; new; modern; <as>as, <ex>recent</ex> news</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The ancients were of opinion, that a considerable portion of that country [Egypt] was <b>recent</b>, and formed out of the mud discharged into the neighboring sea by the Nile.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the present or existing epoch; <as>as, <ex>recent</ex> shells</as>.</def>

<h1>Recenter</h1>
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<hw>Re*cen"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>center</ets>.]</ety> <def>To center again; to restore to the center.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Recently</h1>
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<hw>Re"cent*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Newly; lately; freshly; not long since; <as>as, advices <ex>recently</ex> received</as>.</def>

<h1>Recentness</h1>
<Xpage=1197>

<hw>Re"cent*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality or state of being recent.</def>

<h1>Receptacle</h1>
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<hw>Re*cep"ta*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82ceptacle</ets>, L. <ets>receptaculum</ets>, fr. <ets>receptare</ets>, v. intens. fr. <ets>recipere</ets> to receive. See <er>Receive</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which serves, or is used, fro receiving and containing something, as a basket, a vase, a bag, a reservoir; a repository.</def>

<blockquote>O sacred <b>receptacle</b> of my joys!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The apex of the flower stalk, from which the organs of the flower grow, or into which they are inserted. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Flower</er>, and <er>Ovary</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The dilated apex of a pedicel which serves as a common support to a head of flowers.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An intercellular cavity containing oil or resin or other matters.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A special branch which bears the fructification in many cryptogamous plants.</def>

<hr>
<page="1198">
Page 1198<p>

<h1>Receptacular</h1>
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<hw>Rec`ep*tac"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82ceptaculaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the receptacle, or growing on it; <as>as, the <ex>receptacular</ex> chaff or scales in the sunflower</as>.</def>

<h1>Receptaculum</h1>
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<hw>Rec`ep*tac"u*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Receptacula</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A receptacle; <as>as, the <ex>receptaculum</ex> of the chyle</as>.</def>

<h1>Receptary</h1>
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<hw>Rec"ep*ta*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Generally or popularly admitted or received.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Receptary</h1>
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<hw>Rec"ep*ta*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is received.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Receptaries</i> of philosophy."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Receptibility</h1>
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<hw>Re*cep`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being receptible; receivableness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A receptible thing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Receptible</h1>
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<hw>Re*cep"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>receptibilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Such as may be received; receivable.</def>

<h1>Reception</h1>
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<hw>Re*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82ception</ets>, L. <ets>receptio</ets>, fr. <ets>recipere</ets>, <ets>receptum</ets>. See <er>Receive</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of receiving; receipt; admission; <as>as, the <ex>reception</ex> of food into the stomach; the <ex>reception</ex> of a letter; the <ex>reception</ex> of sensation or ideas; <ex>reception</ex> of evidence.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being received.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act or manner of receiving, esp.  of receiving visitors; entertainment; hence, an occasion or ceremony of receiving guests; <as>as, a hearty <ex>reception</ex>; an elaborate <ex>reception</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>What <b>reception</b> a poem may find.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Acceptance, as of an opinion or doctrine.</def>

<blockquote>Philosophers who have quitted the popular doctrines of their countries have fallen into as extravagant opinions as even common <b>reception</b> countenanced.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A retaking; a recovery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Receptive</h1>
<Xpage=1198>

<hw>Re*cep"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82ceptif</ets>. See <er>Receive</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of receiving; able or inclined to take in, absorb, hold, or contain; receiving or containing; <as>as, a <ex>receptive</ex> mind</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Imaginary space is <b>receptive</b> of all bodies.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Receptiveness</h1>
<Xpage=1198>

<hw>Re*cep"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being receptive.</def>

<h1>Receptivity</h1>
<Xpage=1198>

<hw>Rec`ep*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82ceptivit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being receptive.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Kantian Philos.)</fld> <def>The power or capacity of receiving impressions, as those of the external senses.</def>

<h1>Receptory</h1>
<Xpage=1198>

<hw>Re*cep"to*ry</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>receptorium</ets> a place of shelter.]</ety> <def>Receptacle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Recess</h1>
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<hw>Re*cess"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recessus</ets>, fr. <ets>recedere</ets>, <ets>recessum</ets>. See <er>Recede</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A withdrawing or retiring; a moving back; retreat; <as>as, the <ex>recess</ex> of the tides</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Every degree of ignorance being so far a <b>recess</b> and degradation from rationality.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My <b>recess</b> hath given them confidence that I may be conquered.
<i>Eikon Basilike.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being withdrawn; seclusion; privacy.</def>

<blockquote>In the <b>recess</b> of the jury they are to consider the evidence.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Good verse <b>recess</b> and solitude requires.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Remission or suspension of business or procedure; intermission, as of a legislative body, court, or school.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>recess</b> of . . . Parliament lasted six weeks.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Part of a room formed by the receding of the wall, as an alcove, niche, etc.</def>

<blockquote>A bed which stood in a deep <b>recess</b>.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A place of retirement, retreat, secrecy, or seclusion.</def>

<blockquote>Departure from his happy place, our sweet
<b>Recess</b>, and only consolation left.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Secret or abstruse part; <as>as, the difficulties and <ex>recesses</ex> of science</as>.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sinus.</def>

<h1>Recess</h1>
<Xpage=1198>

<hw>Re*cess"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Recessed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Recessing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a recess in; <as>as, to <ex>recess</ex> a wall</as>.</def>

<h1>Recess</h1>
<Xpage=1198>

<hw>Re*cess"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <def>A decree of the imperial diet of the old German empire.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Recessed</h1>
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<hw>Re*cessed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a recess or recesses; <as>as, a <ex>recessed</ex> arch or wall</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Withdrawn; secluded.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Comfortably <i>recessed</i> from curious impertinents."

<i>Miss Edgeworth.</i>

<cs><col>Recessed arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>one of a series of arches constructed one within another so as to correspond with splayed jambs of a doorway, or the like.</cd></cs>

<h1>Recession</h1>
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<hw>Re*ces"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recessio</ets>, fr. <ets>recedere</ets>, <ets>recessum</ets>. See <er>Recede</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of receding or withdrawing, as from a place, a claim, or a demand.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<blockquote>Mercy may rejoice upon the <b>recessions</b> of justice.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recession</h1>
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<hw>Re*ces"sion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>cession</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of ceding back; restoration; repeated cession; <as>as, the <ex>recession</ex> of conquered territory to its former sovereign</as>.</def>

<h1>Recessional</h1>
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<hw>Re*ces"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to recession or withdrawal.</def>

<cs><col>Recessional hymn</col>, <cd>a hymn sung in a procession returning from the choir to the robing room.</cd></cs>

<h1>Recessive</h1>
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<hw>Re*ces"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Going back; receding.</def>

<h1>Rechabite</h1>
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<hw>Re"chab*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Jewish Hist.)</fld> <def>One of the descendants of Jonadab, the son of Rechab, all of whom by his injunction abstained from the use of intoxicating drinks and even from planting the vine. <i>Jer</i>. <i>xxxv</i>. 2-19. Also, in modern times, a member of a certain society of abstainers from alcoholic liquors.</def>

<h1>Rechange</h1>
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<hw>Re*change"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To change again, or change back.</def>

<h1>Recharge</h1>
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<hw>Re*charge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>charge</ets>: cf. F. <ets>recharger</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To charge or accuse in return.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To attack again; to attack anew.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Recharter</h1>
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<hw>Re*char"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second charter; a renewal of a charter.</def>

<i>D. Webster.</i>

<h1>Recharter</h1>
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<hw>Re*char"ter</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To charter again or anew; to grant a second or another charter to.</def>

<h1>Rechase</h1>
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<hw>Re*chase"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>chase</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rechasser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To chase again; to chase or drive back.</def>

<h1>Recheat</h1>
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<hw>Re*cheat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>requ\'88t\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>requ\'88ter</ets> to hunt anew. See <er>Request</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Sporting)</fld> <def>A strain given on the horn to call back the hounds when they have lost track of the game.</def>

<h1>Recheat</h1>
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<hw>Re*cheat"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To blow the recheat.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Recherch\'82</h1>
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<hw>Re*cher`ch\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Sought out with care; choice. Hence: of rare quality, elegance, or attractiveness; peculiar and refined in kind.</def>

<h1>Rechless</h1>
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<hw>Rech"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Reckless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>P. Plowman.</i>

<h1>Rechoose</h1>
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<hw>Re*choose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To choose again.</def>

<h1>Recidivate</h1>
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<hw>Re*cid"i*vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>recidivare</ets>. See <er>Recidivous</er>.]</ety> <def>To baskslide; to fall again.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Recidivation</h1>
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<hw>Re*cid`i*va"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>recidivatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A falling back; a backsliding.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Recidivous</h1>
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<hw>Re*cid"i*vous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>r<?/<?/idivus</ets>, fr. <ets>recidere</ets> to fall back.]</ety> <def>Tending or liable to backslide or r<?/<?/<?/<?/se to a former condition or habit.</def>

<h1>Recipe</h1>
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<hw>Rec"i*pe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Recipes</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., imperative of <ets>recipere</ets> to take back, take in, receive. See <er>Receive</er>.]</ety> <def>A formulary or prescription for making some combination, mixture, or preparation of materials; a receipt; especially, a prescription for medicine.</def>
<-- now esp. a prescription (set of directions) for preparing food -->

<h1>Recipiangle</h1>
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<hw>Re*cip"i*an`gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recipere</ets> to take + <ets>angulus</ets> angle.]</ety> <def>An instrument with two arms that are pivoted together at one end, and a graduated arc, -- used by military engineers for measuring and laying off angles of fortifications.</def>

<h1>Recipience, Recipiency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Re*cip"i*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Re*cip"i*en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being recipient; a receiving; reception; receptiveness.</def>

<h1>Recipient</h1>
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<hw>Re*cip"i*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recipiens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, receiving, p. pr. of <ets>recipere</ets> to receive: cf. F. <ets>r\'82cipient</ets>. See <er>Receive</er>.]</ety> <def>A receiver; the person or thing that receives; one to whom, or that to which, anything is given or communicated; specifically, the receiver of a still.</def>

<h1>Recipient</h1>
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<hw>Re*cip"i*ent</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Receiving; receptive.</def>

<h1>Reciprocal</h1>
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<hw>Re*cip"ro*cal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reciprocus</ets>; of unknown origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Recurring in vicissitude; alternate.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Done by each to the other; interchanging or interchanged; given and received; due from each to each; mutual; <as>as, <ex>reciprocal</ex> love; <ex>reciprocal</ex> duties.</as></def>

<blockquote>Let our <b>reciprocal</b> vows be remembered.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Mutually interchangeable.</def>

<blockquote>These two rules will render a definition <b>reciprocal</b> with the thing defined.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Reflexive; -- applied to pronouns and verbs, but sometimes limited to such pronouns as express mutual action.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Used to denote different kinds of mutual relation; often with reference to the substitution of reciprocals for given quantities. See the Phrases below.</def>

<cs><col>Reciprocal equation</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>one which remains unchanged in form when the reciprocal of the unknown quantity is substituted for that quantity.</cd> -- <col>Reciprocal figures</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>two figures of the same kind (as triangles, parallelograms, prisms, etc.), so related that two sides of the one form the extremes of a proportion of which the means are the two corresponding sides of the other; in general, two figures so related that the first corresponds in some special way to the second, and the second corresponds in the same way to the first.</cd> -- <col>Reciprocal proportion</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a proportion such that, of four terms taken in order, the first has to the second the same ratio which the fourth has to the third, or the first has to the second the same ratio which the reciprocal of the third has to the reciprocal of the fourth. Thus, 2:5: :20:8 form a <i>reciprocal proportion<i>, because 2:5: :<fract>1/20</fract>:<fract>1/8</fract>.</cd> -- <col>Reciprocal quantities</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>any two quantities which produce unity when multiplied together.</cd> -- <col>Reciprocal ratio</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>the ratio between the reciprocals of two quantities; as, the <i>reciprocal ratio<i> of 4 to 9 is that of \'ac to <fract>1/9</fract>.</cd> -- <col>Reciprocal terms</col> <fld>(Logic)</fld>, <cd>those terms which have the same signification, and, consequently, are convertible, and may be used for each other.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Mutual; alternate.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Reciprocal</er>, <er>Mutual</er>. The distinctive idea of <i>mutual</i> is, that the parties unite by interchange in the same act; <as>as, a <ex>mutual</ex> covenant; <ex>mutual</ex> affection, etc.</as>  The distinctive idea of <i>reciprocal</i> is, that one party acts by way of return or response to something previously done by the other party; <as>as, a <ex>reciprocal</ex> kindness</as>; <ex>reciprocal</ex> reproaches, etc.</as>  Love is <i>reciprocal</i> when the previous affection of one party has drawn forth the attachment of the other. To make it <i>mutual</i> in the strictest sense, the two parties should have fallen in love at the same time; but as the result is the same, the two words are here used interchangeably. The ebbing and flowing of the tide is a case where the action is <i>reciprocal</i>, but not <i>mutual</i>.</usage>

<h1>Reciprocal</h1>
<Xpage=1198>

<hw>Re*cip"ro*cal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is reciprocal to another thing.</def>

<blockquote>Corruption is a <b>reciprocal</b> to generation.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arith. & Alg.)</fld> <def>The quotient arising from dividing unity by any quantity; thus \'ac is the <i>reciprocal</i> of 4; <fract>1/(a + b)</fract> is the <i>reciprocal</i> of <mathex>a + b</mathex>. The <i>reciprocal</i> of a fraction is the fraction inverted, or the denominator divided by the numerator.</def>

<h1>Reciprocality</h1>
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<hw>Re*cip`ro*cal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being reciprocal; reciprocalness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Reciprocally</h1>
<Xpage=1198>

<hw>Re*cip"ro*cal*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a reciprocal manner; so that each affects the other, and is equally affected by it; interchangeably; mutually.</def>

<blockquote>These two particles to <b>reciprocally</b> affect each other with the same force.
<i>Bentley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>In the manner of reciprocals.</def>

<cs><col>Reciprocally proportional</col> <fld>(Arith. & Alg.)</fld>, <cd>proportional, as two variable quantities, so that the one shall have a constant ratio to the reciprocal of the other.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reciprocalness</h1>
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<hw>Re*cip"ro*cal*ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being reciprocal; mutual return; alternateness.</def>

<h1>Reciprocate</h1>
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<hw>Re*cip"ro*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reciprocated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reciprocating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>reciprocatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reciprocare</ets>. See <er>Reciprocal</er>.]</ety> <def>To move forward and backward alternately; to recur in vicissitude; to act interchangeably; to alternate.</def>

<blockquote>One brawny smith the puffing bellows plies,
And draws and blows <b>reciprocating</b> air.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Reciprocating engine</col>, <cd>a steam, air, or gas engine, etc., in which the piston moves back and forth; -- in distinction from a <i>rotary engine<i>, in which the piston travels continuously in one direction in a circular path.</cd> -- <col>Reciprocating motion</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>motion alternately backward and forward, or up and down, as of a piston rod.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reciprocate</h1>
<Xpage=1198>

<hw>Re*cip"ro*cate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give and return mutually; to make return for; to give in return; to unterchange; to alternate; <as>as, to <ex>reciprocate</ex> favors</as>.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Reciprocation</h1>
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<hw>Re*cip`ro*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reciprocatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>reciprocation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reciprocating; interchange of acts; a mutual giving and returning; <as>as, the <ex>reciprocation</ex> of kindness</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Alternate recurrence or action; <as>as, the <ex>reciprocation</ex> of the sea in the flow and ebb of tides</as>.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Reciprocity</h1>
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<hw>Rec`i*proc"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82ciprocit\'82</ets>. See <er>Reciprocal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mutual action and reaction.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reciprocal advantages, obligations, or rights; reciprocation.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Reciprocity treaty</col>, &or; <col>Treaty of reciprocity</col></mcol>, <cd>a treaty concluded between two countries, conferring equal privileges as regards customs or charges on imports, or in other respects.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Reciprocation; interchange; mutuality.</syn>

<h1>Reciprocornous</h1>
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<hw>Re*cip`ro*cor"nous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reciprocus</ets> returning, reciprocal + <ets>cornu</ets> horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having horns turning backward and then forward, like those of a ram.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Reciprocous</h1>
<Xpage=1198>

<hw>Re*cip"ro*cous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Reciprocal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reciprok</h1>
<Xpage=1198>

<hw>Rec"i*prok</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82ciproque</ets>, L. <ets>reciprocus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Reciprocal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Reciproque</h1>
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<hw>Rec"i*proque</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82ciproque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Reciprocal.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Recision</h1>
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<hw>Re*ci"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recisio</ets>, fr. <ets>recidere</ets>, <ets>recisum</ets>, to cut off; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>caedere</ets> to cut.]</ety> <def>The act of cutting off.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Recital</h1>
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<hw>Re*cit"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Recite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reciting; the repetition of the words of another, or of a document; rehearsal; <as>as, the <ex>recital</ex> of testimony</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A telling in detail and due order of the particulars of anything, as of a law, an adventure, or a series of events; narration.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is recited; a story; a narration.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A vocal or instrumental performance by one person; -- distinguished from <i>concert</i>; <as>as, a song <ex>recital</ex>; an organ, piano, or violin <ex>recital</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The formal statement, or setting forth, of some matter of fact in any deed or writing in order to explain the reasons on which the transaction is founded; the statement of matter in pleading introductory to some positive allegation.</def>

<i>Burn.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Account; rehearsal; recitation; narration; description; explanation; enumeration; detail; narrative. See <er>Account</er>.</syn>

<h1>Recitation</h1>
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<hw>Rec`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82citation</ets>. See <er>Recite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reciting; rehearsal; repetition of words or sentences.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The delivery before an audience of something committed to memory, especially as an elocutionary exhibition; also, that which is so delivered.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Colleges and Schools)</fld> <def>The rehearsal of a lesson by pupils before their instructor.</def>

<h1>Recitative</h1>
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<hw>Rec`i*ta*tive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>recitativo</ets>, or F. <ets>r\'82citatif</ets>. See <er>Recite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A species of musical recitation in which the words are delivered in manner resembling that of ordinary declamation; also, a piece of music intended for such recitation; -- opposed to <i>melisma</i>.</def>

<h1>Recitative</h1>
<Xpage=1198>

<hw>Rec`i*ta*tive"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to recitation; intended for musical recitation or declamation; in the style or manner of recitative.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Rec`i*ta*tive"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Recitativo</h1>
<Xpage=1198>

<hw>Rec`i*ta*ti"vo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Recitative.</def>

<h1>Recite</h1>
<Xpage=1198>

<hw>Re*cite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Recited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reciting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82citer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>recitare</ets>, <ets>recitatum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>citare</ets> to call or name, to cite. See <er>Cite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To repeat, as something already prepared, written down, committed to memory, or the like; to deliver from a written or printed document, or from recollection; to rehearse; <as>as, to <ex>recite</ex> the words of an author, or of a deed or covenant</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To tell over; to go over in particulars; to relate; to narrate; <as>as, to <ex>recite</ex> past events; to <ex>recite</ex> the particulars of a voyage.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To rehearse, as a lesson to an instructor.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To state in or as a recital. See <er>Recital</er>, 5.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To rehearse; narrate; relate; recount; describe; recapitulate; detail; number; count.</syn>

<h1>Recite</h1>
<Xpage=1198>

<hw>Re*cite"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To repeat, pronounce, or rehearse, as before an audience, something prepared or committed to memory; to rehearse a lesson learned.</def>

<h1>Recite</h1>
<Xpage=1198>

<hw>Re*cite"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A recital.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Reciter</h1>
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<hw>Re*cit"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who recites; also, a book of extracts for recitation.</def>

<h1>Reck</h1>
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<hw>Reck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Recked</er> <tt>(?)</tt> (<ets>obs</ets>. <ets>imp</ets>. <er>Roughte</er>); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Recking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>reccan</ets>, <ets>r&emc;can</ets>, to care for; akin to OS. <ets>r&omac;kian</ets>, OHG. <ets>ruochan</ets>, G. <ets>geruhen</ets>, Icel. <ets>r\'91kja</ets>, also to E. <ets>reckon</ets>, <ets>rake</ets> an implement. See <er>Rake</er>, and cf. <er>Reckon</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make account of; to care for; to heed; to regard.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>This son of mine not <b>recking</b> danger.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And may you better <b>reck</b> the rede
Than ever did the adviser.
<i>Burns.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To concern; -- used impersonally.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>

<blockquote>What <b>recks</b> it them?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1199">
Page 1199<p>

<h1>Reck</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Reck</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make account; to take heed; to care; to mind; -- often followed by <i>of</i>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Then <b>reck</b> I not, when I have lost my life.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>reck</b> not though I end my life to-day.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Of me she <b>recks</b> not, nor my vain desire.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reckless</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Reck"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>reccele\'a0s</ets>, <ets>r&emac;cele\'a0s</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Inattentive to duty; careless; neglectful; indifferent.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rashly negligent; utterly careless or heedless.</def>

<blockquote>It made the king as <b>reckless</b> as them diligent.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Heedless; careless; mindless; thoughtless; negligent; indifferent; regardless; unconcerned; inattentive; remiss; rash.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Reck"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Reck"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Reckling</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Reck"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Needing care; weak; feeble; <as>as, a <ex>reckling</ex> child</as>.</def> <i>H. Taylor</i>. -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A weak child or animal.</def></def2>

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Reckon</h1>
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<hw>Reck"on</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reckoned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reckoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>rekenen</ets>, AS. <ets>gerecenian</ets> to explain; akin to D. <ets>rekenen</ets> to reckon, G. <ets>rechnen</ets>, OHG. <ets>rahnjan</ets>), and to E. <ets>reck</ets>, <ets>rake</ets> an implement; the original sense probably being, to bring together, count together. See <er>Reck</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To count; to enumerate; to number; also, to compute; to calculate.</def>

<blockquote>The priest shall <b>reckon</b> to him the money according to the years that remain.
<i>Lev. xxvii. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I <b>reckoned</b> above two hundred and fifty on the outside of the church.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To count as in a number, rank, or series; to estimate by rank or quality; to place by estimation; to account; to esteem; to repute.</def>

<blockquote>He was <b>reckoned</b> among the transgressors.
<i>Luke xxii. 37.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For him I <b>reckon</b> not in high estate.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To charge, attribute, or adjudge to one, as having a certain quality or value.</def>

<blockquote>Faith was <b>reckoned</b> to Abraham for righteousness.
<i>Rom. iv. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Without her eccentricities being <b>reckoned</b> to her for a crime.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To conclude, as by an enumeration and balancing of chances; hence, to think; to suppose; -- followed by an objective clause; <as>as, I <ex>reckon</ex> he won't try that again</as>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- To number; enumerate; compute; calculate; estimate; value; esteem; account; repute. See <er>Calculate</er>, <er>Guess</er>.</syn>

<h1>Reckon</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Reck"on</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make an enumeration or computation; to engage in numbering or computing.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come to an accounting; to make up accounts; to settle; to examine and strike the balance of debt and credit; to adjust relations of desert or penalty.</def>

<blockquote>"Parfay," sayst thou, "sometime he <b>reckon</b> shall."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<cs><col>To reckon for</col>, <cd>to answer for; to pay the account for. "If they fail in their bounden duty, they shall <i>reckon for<i> it one day." <i>Bp. Sanderson</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To reckon on</col> &or; <col>upon</col></mcol>, <cd>to count or depend on.</cd> -- <col>To reckon with</col>, <cd>to settle accounts or claims with; -- used literally or figuratively.</cd>

<blockquote>After a long time the lord of those servants cometh, and <b>reckoneth with</b> them.
<i>Matt. xxv. 19.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To reckon without one's host</col>, <cd>to ignore in a calculation or arrangement the person whose assent is essential; hence, to reckon erroneously.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reckoner</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Reck"on*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reckons or computes; also, a book of calculation, tables, etc., to assist in reckoning.</def>

<blockquote><b>Reckoners</b> without their host must reckon twice.
<i>Camden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reckoning</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Reck"on*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who reckons, counts, or computes; the result of reckoning or counting; calculation.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An account of time</def>. <i>Sandys</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Adjustment of claims and accounts; settlement of obligations, liabilities, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Even <b>reckoning</b> makes lasting friends, and the way to make <b>reckonings</b> even is to make them often.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He quitted London, never to return till the day of a terrible and memorable <b>reckoning</b> had arrived.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The charge or account made by a host at an inn.</def>

<blockquote>A coin would have a nobler use than to pay a <b>reckoning</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Esteem; account; estimation.</def>

<blockquote>You make no further <b>reckoning</b> of it [beauty] than of an outward fading benefit nature bestowed.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Navigation)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The calculation of a ship's position, either from astronomical observations, or from the record of the courses steered and distances sailed as shown by compass and log, -- in the latter case called <i>dead reckoning</i> (see under <er>Dead</er>); -- also used fro <i>dead reckoning</i> in contradistinction to <i>observation</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The position of a ship as determined by calculation.</def>

<cs><col>To be out of her reckoning</col>, <cd>to be at a distance from the place indicated by the reckoning; -- said of a ship.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reclaim</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*claim"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To claim back; to demand the return of as a right; to attempt to recover possession of.</def>

<blockquote>A tract of land [Holland] snatched from an element perpetually <b>reclaiming</b> its prior occupancy.
<i>W. Coxe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reclaim</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*claim"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reclaimed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reclaiming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82clamer</ets>, L. <ets>reclamare</ets>, <ets>reclamatum</ets>, to cry out against; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>clamare</ets> to call or cry aloud. See <er>Claim</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To call back, as a hawk to the wrist in falconry, by a certain customary call.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To call back from flight or disorderly action; to call to, for the purpose of subduing or quieting.</def>

<blockquote>The headstrong horses hurried Octavius . . . along, and were deaf to his <b>reclaiming</b> them.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To reduce from a wild to a tamed state; to bring under discipline; -- said especially of birds trained for the chase, but also of other animals.</def> "An eagle well <i>reclaimed</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Hence: To reduce to a desired state by discipline, labor, cultivation, or the like; to rescue from being wild, desert, waste, submerged, or the like; <as>as, to <ex>reclaim</ex> wild land, overflowed land, etc</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To call back to rectitude from moral wandering or transgression; to draw back to correct deportment or course of life; to reform.</def>

<blockquote>It is the intention of Providence, in all the various expressions of his goodness, to <b>reclaim</b> mankind.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To correct; to reform; -- said of things.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Your error, in time <b>reclaimed</b>, will be venial.
<i>Sir E. Hoby.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To exclaim against; to gainsay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To reform; recover; restore; amend; correct.</syn>

<h1>Reclaim</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*claim"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cry out in opposition or contradiction; to exclaim against anything; to contradict; to take exceptions.</def>

<blockquote>Scripture <b>reclaims</b>, and the whole Catholic church <b>reclaims</b>, and Christian ears would not hear it.
<i>Waterland.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>At a later period Grote <b>reclaimed</b> strongly against Mill's setting Whately above Hamilton.
<i>Bain.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring anyone back from evil courses; to reform.</def>

<blockquote>They, hardened more by what might most <b>reclaim</b>,
Grieving to see his glory . . . took envy.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To draw back; to give way.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Reclaim</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*claim"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reclaiming, or the state of being reclaimed; reclamation; recovery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reclaimable</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*claim"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be reclaimed.</def>

<h1>Reclaimant</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*claim"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82clamant</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>One who reclaims; one who cries out against or contradicts.</def>

<h1>Reclaimer</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*claim"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reclaims.</def>

<h1>Reclaimless</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*claim"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That can not be reclaimed.</def>

<h1>Reclamation</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Rec`la*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82clamation</ets>, L. <ets>reclamatio</ets>. See <er>Reclaim</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of reclaiming.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Representation made in opposition; remonstrance.</def>

<blockquote>I would now, on the <b>reclamation</b> both of generosity and of justice, try clemency.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reclasp</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*clasp"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To clasp or unite again.</def>

<h1>Reclinant</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*clin"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reclinans</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Recline</er>.]</ety> <def>Bending or leaning backward.</def>

<h1>Reclinate</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Rec"li*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reclinatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Reclined, as a leaf; bent downward, so that the point, as of a stem or leaf, is lower than the base.</def>

<h1>Reclination</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Rec`li*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82clinaison</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of leaning or reclining, or the state of being reclined.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Dialing)</fld> <def>The angle which the plane of the dial makes with a vertical plane which it intersects in a horizontal line.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The act or process of removing a cataract, by applying the needle to its anterior surface, and depressing it into the vitreous humor in such a way that front surface of the cataract becomes the upper one and its back surface the lower one.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Recline</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*cline"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reclined</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reclining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>reclinare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>clinare</ets> to lean, incline. See <er>Incline</er>, <er>Lean</er> to incline.]</ety> <def>To cause or permit to lean, incline, rest, etc., to place in a recumbent position; <as>as, to <ex>recline</ex> the head on the hand</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The mother
<b>Reclined</b> her dying head upon his breast.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recline</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*cline"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lean or incline; <as>as, to <ex>recline</ex> against a wall</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To assume, or to be in, a recumbent position; <as>as, to <ex>recline</ex> on a couch</as>.</def>

<h1>Recline</h1>
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<hw>Re*cline"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reclinis</ets>. See <er>Recline</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Having a reclining posture; leaning; reclining.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>They sat, <b>recline</b>
On the soft downy bank, damasked with flowers.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reclined</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*clined"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Falling or turned downward; reclinate.</def>

<h1>Recliner</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*clin"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, reclines.</def>

<h1>Reclining</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*clin"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Bending or curving gradually back from the perpendicular.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Recumbent.</def>

<cs><col>Reclining dial</col>, <cd>a dial whose plane is inclined to the vertical line through its center. <i>Davies & Peck</i> <fld>(Math. Dict.)</fld>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reclose</h1>
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<hw>Re*close"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To close again.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Reclothe</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*clothe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To clothe again.</def>

<h1>Reclude</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*clude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recludere</ets> to unclose, open; pref. <ets>re-</ets> again, back, un-</ets> + <ets><ets>claudere</ets> to shut.]</ety> <def>To open; to unclose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Recluse</h1>
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<hw>Re*cluse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reclus</ets>, L. <ets>reclusus</ets>, from <ets>recludere</ets>, <ets>reclusum</ets>, to unclose, open, in LL., to shut up. See <er>Close</er>.]</ety> <def>Shut up, sequestered; retired from the world or from public notice; solitary; living apart; <as>as, a <ex>recluse</ex> monk or hermit; a <ex>recluse</ex> life</as></def>

<blockquote>In meditation deep, <b>recluse</b>
From human converse.
<i>J. Philips.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recluse</h1>
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<hw>Re*cluse"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>reclus</ets>, LL. <ets>reclusus</ets>. See <er>Recluse</er>, <tt>a.<tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person who lives in seclusion from intercourse with the world, as a hermit or monk; specifically, one of a class of secluded devotees who live in single cells; usually attached to monasteries.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The place where a recluse dwells.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Recluse</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*cluse"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shut; to seclude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reclusely</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*cluse"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a recluse or solitary manner.</def>

<h1>Recluseness</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*cluse"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality or state of being recluse.</def>

<h1>Reclusion</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*clu"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>reclusio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>reclusion</ets>.]</ety> <def>A state of retirement from the world; seclusion.</def>

<h1>Reclusive</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*clu"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Affording retirement from society.</def> "Some <i>reclusive</i> and religious life."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Reclusory</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*clu"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>reclosorium</ets>.]</ety> <def>The habitation of a recluse; a hermitage.</def>

<h1>Recoct</h1>
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<hw>Re*coct"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recoctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>recoquere</ets> to cook or boil over again. See <er>Re-</er>, and 4th <er>Cook</er>.]</ety> <def>To boil or cook again; hence, to make over; to vamp up; to reconstruct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Recoction</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*coc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second coction or preparation; a vamping up.</def>

<h1>Recognition</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Rec`og*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recognitio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>recognition</ets>. See <er>Recognizance</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of recognizing, or the state of being recognized; acknowledgment; formal avowal; knowledge confessed or avowed; notice.</def>

<blockquote>The lives of such saints had, at the time of their yearly memorials, solemn <b>recognition</b> in the church of God.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recognitor</h1>
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<hw>Re*cog"ni*tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One of a jury impaneled on an assize.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Recognitory</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*cog"ni*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or connected with, recognition.</def>

<h1>Recognizability</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Rec`og*ni`za*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being recognizable.</def>

<h1>Recognizable</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Rec"og*ni`za*ble</hw> <tt>(?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being recognized.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>recognisable</asp>.]</altsp> -- <wordforms><wf>Rec"og*ni`za*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Recognizance</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*cog"ni*zance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>reconnaissance</ets>, OF. <ets>recognoissance</ets>, fr. <ets>recognoissant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>recognoistre</ets> to recognize, F. <ets>reconna\'8ctre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>recognoscere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>cognoscere</ets> to know. See <er>Cognizance</er>, <er>Know</er>, and cf. <er>Recognize</er>, <er>Reconnoissance</er>.]</ety> <def</def>><altsp>[Written also <asp>recognisance</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An obligation of record entered into before some court of record or magistrate duly authorized, with condition to do some particular act, as to appear at the same or some other court, to keep the peace, or pay a debt. A <i>recognizance</i> differs from a <i>bond</i>, being witnessed by the record only, and not by the party's seal.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The verdict of a jury impaneled upon assize.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<note>&hand; Among lawyers the <i>g</i> in this and the related words (except <i>recognize</i>) is usually silent.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A token; a symbol; a pledge; a badge.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>recognizance</b> and pledge of love
Which I first gave her.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Acknowledgment of a person or thing; avowal; profession; recognition.</def>

<h1>Recognization</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Re*cog`ni*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Recognition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Recognize</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Rec"og*nize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Recognized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Recognizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Recognizance</er>; see <er>Cognition</er>, and cf. <er>Reconnoiter</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>recognise</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To know again; to perceive the identity of, with a person or thing previously known; to recover or recall knowledge of.</def>

<blockquote>Speak, vassal; <b>recognize</b> thy sovereign queen.
<i>Harte.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To avow knowledge of; to allow that one knows; to consent to admit, hold, or the like; to admit with a formal acknowledgment; <as>as, to <ex>recognize</ex> an obligation; to <ex>recognize</ex> a consul.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To acknowledge acquaintance with, as by salutation, bowing, or the like.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To show appreciation of; <as>as, to <ex>recognize</ex> services by a testimonial</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To review; to re\'89xamine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To reconnoiter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. Monro.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To acknowledge; avow; confess; own; allow; concede. See <er>Acknowledge</er>.</syn>

<h1>Recognize</h1>
<Xpage=1199>

<hw>Rec"og*nize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To enter an obligation of record before a proper tribunal; <as>as, A, B <ex>recognized</ex> in the sum of twenty dollars</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>recognise</asp>.]</altsp>

<note>&hand; In legal usage in the United States the second syllable is often accented.</note>

<h1>Recognizee</h1>
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<hw>Re*cog`ni*zee"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person in whose favor a recognizance is made.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>recognisee</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Reconizer</h1>
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<hw>Rec"o*ni`zer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who recognizes; a recognizor.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>recogniser</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Recognizor</h1>
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<hw>Re*cog`ni*zor"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who enters into a recognizance.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>recognisor</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Recognosce</h1>
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<hw>Rec"og*nosce</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recognoscere</ets>. See <er>Recognizance</er>.]</ety> <def>To recognize.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Recoil</h1>
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<hw>Re*coil"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Recoiled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Recoiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>recoilen</ets>, F. <ets>reculer</ets>, fr. L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>culus</ets> the fundament. The English word was perhaps influenced in form by <ets>accoil</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To start, roll, bound, spring, or fall back; to take a reverse motion; to be driven or forced backward; to return.</def>

<blockquote>Evil on itself shall back <b>recoil</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The solemnity of her demeanor made it impossible . . . that we should <b>recoil</b> into our ordinary spirits.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw back, as from anything repugnant, distressing, alarming, or the like; to shrink.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To turn or go back; to withdraw one's self; to retire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To your bowers <i>recoil</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Recoil</h1>
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<hw>Re*coil"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To draw or go back.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Recoil</h1>
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<hw>Re*coil"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A starting or falling back; a rebound; a shrinking; <as>as, the <ex>recoil</ex> of nature, or of the blood</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state or condition of having recoiled.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>recoil</b> from formalism is skepticism.
<i>F. W. Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Specifically, the reaction or rebounding of a firearm when discharged.</def>

<cs><col>Recoil dynamometer</col> <fld>(Gunnery)</fld>, <cd>an instrument for measuring the force of the recoil of a firearm.</cd> -- <col>Recoil escapement</col> <cd>See the Note under <er>Escapement</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Recoiler</h1>
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<hw>Re*coil"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, recoils.</def>

<h1>Recoilingly</h1>
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<hw>Re*coil"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a recoil.</def>

<h1>Recoilment</h1>
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<hw>Re*coil"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>reculement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Recoil.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Recoin</h1>
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<hw>Re*coin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To coin anew or again.</def>

<h1>Recoinage</h1>
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<hw>Re*coin"age</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of coining anew.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is coined anew.</def>

<h1>Re-collect</h1>
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<hw>Re`-col*lect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>collect</ets>.]</ety> <def>To collect again; to gather what has been scattered; <as>as, to <ex>re-collect</ex> routed troops</as>.</def>

<blockquote>God will one day raise the dead, <b>re-collecting</b> our scattered dust.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recollect</h1>
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<hw>Rec`ol*lect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Recollected</er>; <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Recollecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>collect</ets>: cf. L. <ets>recolligere</ets>, <ets>recollectum</ets>, to collect. Cf. <er>Recollet</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To recover or recall the knowledge of; to bring back to the mind or memory; to remember.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reflexively, to compose one's self; to recover self-command; <as>as, to <ex>recollect</ex> one's self after a burst of anger</as>; -- sometimes, formerly, in the perfect participle.</def>

<blockquote>The Tyrian queen . . .
Admired his fortunes, more admired the man;
Then <b>recollected</b> stood.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recollect</h1>
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<hw>Rec"ol*lect</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Recollet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A friar of the Strict Observance, -- an order of Franciscans.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Recollet</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Addis & Arnold.</i>

<hr>
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Page 1200<p>

<hr>
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Page 1200<p>

<h1>Recollection</h1>
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<hw>Rec`ol*lec"tion</hw> <tt>(r?k`?l*l?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82collection</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of recollecting, or recalling to the memory; the operation by which objects are recalled to the memory, or ideas revived in the mind; reminiscence; remembrance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The power of recalling ideas to the mind, or the period within which things can be recollected; remembrance; memory; <as>as, an event within my <ex>recollection</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is recollected; something called to mind; reminiscence.</def>  "One of his earliest <i>recollections</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act or practice of collecting or concentrating the mind; concentration; self-control.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>From such an education Charles contracted habits of gravity and <b>recollection</b>.
<i>Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Reminiscence; remembrance. See <er>Memory</er>.</syn>

<h1>Recollective</h1>
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<hw>Rec`ol*lect"ive</hw> <tt>(-l?k"t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the power of recollecting.</def>

<i>J. Foster.</i>

<h1>Recollet</h1>
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<hw>Rec"ol*let</hw> <tt>(r?k"?l*l?t; F. r?`k?`l?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82collet</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>recollectus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>recolligere</ets> to gather again, to gather up; NL., to collect one's self, esp. for religious contemplation.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Recollect</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Recolonization</h1>
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<hw>Re*col`o*ni*za"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*k?l`?*n?*z?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second or renewed colonization.</def>

<h1>Recolonize</h1>
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<hw>Re*col"o*nize</hw> <tt>(r?*k?l"?*n?z)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To colonize again.</def>

<h1>Recombination</h1>
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<hw>Re*com`bi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*k?m`b?*n?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Combination a second or additional time.</def>

<h1>Recombine</h1>
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<hw>Re`com*bine"</hw> <tt>(r?`k?m*b?n")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To combine again.</def>

<h1>Recomfort</h1>
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<hw>Re*com"fort</hw> <tt>(r?*k?m"f?rt)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>comfort</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82conforter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To comfort again; to console anew; to give new strength to.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>Gan her <b>recomfort</b> from so sad affright.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recomfortless</h1>
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<hw>Re*com"fort*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without comfort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Recomforture</h1>
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<hw>Re*com"for*ture</hw> <tt>(-f?r*t?r;135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of recomforting; restoration of comfort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Recommence</h1>
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<hw>Re`com*mence"</hw> <tt>(r?`k?m*m?ns")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To commence or begin again.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To begin anew to be; to act again as.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>

<blockquote>He seems desirous enough of <b>recommencing</b> courtier.
<i>Johnson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recommence</h1>
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<hw>Re`com*mence"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>commence</ets>: cf. F. <ets>recommencer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To commence again or anew.</def>

<h1>Recommencement</h1>
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<hw>Re`com*mence"ment</hw> <tt>(-m?nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A commencement made anew.</def>

<h1>Recommend</h1>
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<hw>Rec`om*mend"</hw> <tt>(r?k`?m*m?nd")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Recommended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Recommending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>commend</ets>: cf. F. <ets>recommander</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To commend to the favorable notice of another; to commit to another's care, confidence, or acceptance, with favoring representations; to put in a favorable light before any one; to bestow commendation on; <as>as, he <ex>recommended</ex> resting the mind and exercising the body</as>.</def>

<blockquote>M\'91cenas <b>recommended</b> Virgil and Horace to Augustus, whose praises . . . have made him precious to posterity.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make acceptable; to attract favor to.</def>

<blockquote>A decent boldness ever meets with friends,
Succeeds, and e'en a stranger <b>recommends</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To commit; to give in charge; to commend.</def>

<blockquote>Paul chose Silas and departed, being <b>recommended</b> by the brethren unto the grace of God.
<i>Acts xv. 40</i></blockquote>.

<h1>Recommendable</h1>
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<hw>Rec`om*mend"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>recommandable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Suitable to be recommended; worthy of praise; commendable.</def> <i>Glanvill</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Rec`om*mend"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Rec`om*mend"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Recommendation</h1>
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<hw>Rec`om*men*da"tion</hw> <tt>(r?k`?m*m?n*d?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>recommandation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of recommending.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which recommends, or commends to favor; anything procuring, or tending to procure, a favorable reception, or to secure acceptance and adoption; <as>as, he brought excellent <ex>recommendations</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of being recommended; esteem.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The burying of the dead . . . hath always been had in an extraordinary <b>recommendation</b> amongst the ancient.
<i>Sir T. North.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recommendative</h1>
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<hw>Rec`om*mend"a*tive</hw> <tt>(-m?nd"?*t?v)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which recommends; a recommendation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Recommendatory</h1>
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<hw>Rec`om*mend"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(-?*t?*r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to recommend; recommending; commendatory.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Recommender</h1>
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<hw>Rec`om*mend"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who recommends.</def>

<h1>Recommission</h1>
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<hw>Re`com*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(r?`k?m*m?sh?n)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To commission again; to give a new commission to.</def>

<blockquote>Officers whose time of service had expired were to be <b>recommissioned</b>.
<i>Marshall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recommit</h1>
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<hw>Re`com*mit"</hw> <tt>(-m?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To commit again; to give back into keeping; specifically, to refer again to a committee; <as>as, to <ex>recommit</ex> a bill to the same committee</as>.</def>

<h1>Recommitment -mnt, Recommittal</h1>
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<hw><hw>Re`com*mit"ment</hw> <tt>(-m?nt)</tt>, <hw>Re`com*mit"tal</hw> <tt>(-?l)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second or renewed commitment; a renewed reference to a committee.</def>

<h1>Recompact</h1>
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<hw>Re`com*pact"</hw> <tt>(-p?kt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To compact or join anew.</def> "<i>Recompact</i> my scattered body."

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Recompensation</h1>
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<hw>Re*com`pen*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*k?m`p?n*s?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>recompensatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Recompense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>Used to denote a case where a set-off pleaded by the defendant is met by a set-off pleaded by the plaintiff.</def>

<h1>Recompense</h1>
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<hw>Rec"om*pense</hw> <tt>(r\'cbk"\'cem*p\'cbns)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Recompensed</er> <tt>(-p?nst)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Recompensing</er> <tt>(-p?n`s?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82compenser</ets>, LL.  <ets>recompensare</ets>, fr.L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>compensare</ets> to compensate. See <er>Compensate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render an equivalent to, for service, loss, etc.; to requite; to remunerate; to compensate.</def>

<blockquote>He can not <b>recompense</b> me better.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To return an equivalent for; to give compensation for; to atone for; to pay for.</def>

<blockquote>God <b>recompenseth</b> the gift.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To <b>recompense</b>
My rash, but more unfortunate, misdeed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give in return; to pay back; to pay, as something earned or deserved.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Recompense</b> to no man evil for evil.
<i>Rom. xii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To repay; requite; compensate; reward; remunerate.</syn>

<h1>Recompense</h1>
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<hw>Rec"om*pense</hw> <tt>(r?k"?m*p?ns)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To give recompense; to make amends or requital.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Recompense</h1>
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<hw>Rec"om*pense</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82compense</ets>.]</ety> <def>An equivalent returned for anything done, suffered, or given; compensation; requital; suitable return.</def>

<blockquote>To me belongeth vengeance, and <b>recompense</b>.
<i>Deut. xxii. 35.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And every transgression and disobedience received a just <b>recompense</b> of reward.
<i>Heb. ii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Repayment; compensation; remuneration; amends; satisfaction; reward; requital.</syn>

<h1>Recompensement</h1>
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<hw>Rec"om*pense`ment</hw> <tt>(-p?ns`m?nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Recompense; requital.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fabyan.</i>

<h1>Recompenser</h1>
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<hw>Rec"om*pen`ser</hw> <tt>(-p?n`s?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who recompenses.</def>

<blockquote>A thankful <b>recompenser</b> of the benefits received.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recompensive</h1>
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<hw>Rec"om*pen`sive</hw> <tt>(-s?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of recompense; serving to recompense.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Recompilation</h1>
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<hw>Re*com`pi*la"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*k?m`p?*l?"tion)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A new compilation.</def>

<h1>Recompile</h1>
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<hw>Re`com*pile"</hw> <tt>(r\'c7`k\'cem*p\'c6l")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To compile anew.</def>

<h1>Recompilement</h1>
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<hw>Re`com*pile"ment</hw> <tt>(-ment)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of recompiling; new compilation or digest; <as>as, a <ex>recompilement</ex> of the laws</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Recompose</h1>
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<hw>Re`com*pose"</hw> <tt>(-p?z")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Recomposed</er> <tt>(-p?zd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Recomposing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>compose</ets>: cf. F. <ets>recomposer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To compose again; to form anew; to put together again or repeatedly.</def>

<blockquote>The far greater number of the objects presented to our observation can only be decomposed, but not actually <b>recomposed</b>.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To restore to composure; to quiet anew; to tranquilize; <as>as, to <ex>recompose</ex> the mind</as>.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Recomposer</h1>
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<hw>Re`com*pos"er</hw> <tt>(-p?z"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who recomposes.</def>

<h1>Recomposition</h1>
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<hw>Re*com`po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*k?m`p?z?sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>recomposition</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of recomposing.</def>

<h1>Reconcilable</h1>
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<hw>Rec"on*ci`la*ble</hw> <tt>(r?k"?n*s?`l?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82conciliable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being reconciled; <as>as, <ex>reconcilable</ex> adversaries; an act <ex>reconciable</ex> with previous acts.</as></def>

<blockquote>The different accounts of the numbers of ships are <b>reconcilable</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rec"on*ci`la*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Rec"on*ci`la*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Reconcile</h1>
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<hw>Rec"on*cile`</hw> <tt>(-s?l`)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reconciled</er> <tt>(-s?ld`)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reconciling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82concilier</ets>, L. <ets>reconciliare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>conciliare</ets> to bring together, to unite. See <er>Conciliate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to be friendly again; to conciliate anew; to restore to friendship; to bring back to harmony; to cause to be no longer at variance; <as>as, to <ex>reconcile</ex> persons who have quarreled</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Propitious now and <b>reconciled</b> by prayer.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The church [if defiled] is interdicted till it be <b>reconciled</b> [i.e., restored to sanctity] by the bishop.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We pray you . . . be ye <b>reconciled</b> to God.
<i>2 Cor. v. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring to acquiescence, content, or quiet submission; <as>as, to <ex>reconcile</ex> one's self to affictions</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make consistent or congruous; to bring to agreement or suitableness; -- followed by <i>with</i> or <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The great men among the ancients understood how to <b>reconcile</b> manual labor with affairs of state.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Some figures monstrous and misshaped appear,
Considered singly, or beheld too near;
Which, but proportioned to their light or place,
Due distance <b>reconciles</b> to form and grace.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To adjust; to settle; <as>as, to <ex>reconcile</ex> differences</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To reunite; conciliate; placate; propitiate; pacify; appease.</syn>

<h1>Reconcile</h1>
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<hw>Rec"on*cile`</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become reconciled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reconcilement</h1>
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<hw>Rec"on*cile`ment</hw> <tt>(-ment)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reconciliation.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Reconciler</h1>
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<hw>Rec"on*ci`ler</hw> <tt>(-s?`l?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reconciles.</def>

<h1>Reconciliation</h1>
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<hw>Rec`on*cil`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(-s?l`?*?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82conciliation</ets>, L.  <ets>reconciliatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reconciling, or the state of being reconciled; reconcilenment; restoration to harmony; renewal of friendship.</def>

<blockquote><b>Reconciliation</b> and friendship with God really form the basis of all rational and true enjoyment.
<i>S. Miller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reduction to congruence or consistency; removal of inconsistency; harmony.</def>

<blockquote>A clear and easy <b>reconciliation</b> of those seeming inconsistencies of Scripture.
<i>D. Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Reconciliment; reunion; pacification; appeasement; propitiation; atonement; expiation.</syn>

<h1>Reconciliatory</h1>
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<hw>Rec`on*cil"i*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(-s?l"?*?*t?*r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving or tending to reconcile.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Recondensation</h1>
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<hw>Re*con`den*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*k?n`d?n*s?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of recondensing.</def>

<h1>Recondense</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*dense"</hw> <tt>(r?`k?n*d?ns")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt><def>To condense again.</def>

<h1>Recondite</h1>
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<hw>Rec"on*dite</hw> <tt>(r?k"?n*d?t &or; r?*k?n"d?t;277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reconditus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>recondere</ets> to put up again, to lay up, to conceal; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>condere</ets> to bring or lay together. See <er>Abscond</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Hidden from the mental or intellectual view; secret; abstruse; <as>as, <ex>recondite</ex> causes of things</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dealing in things abstruse; profound; searching; <as>as, <ex>recondite</ex> studies</as>.</def> "<i>Recondite</i> learning."

<i>Bp. Horsley.</i>

<h1>Reconditory</h1>
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<hw>Re*con"di*to*ry</hw> <tt>(r?k?n"d?*t?*r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>reconditorium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A repository; a storehouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Reconduct</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*duct"</hw> <tt>(r?`k?n*d?kt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To conduct back or again.</def> "A guide to <i>reconduct</i> thy steps."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<h1>Reconfirm</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*firm"</hw> <tt>(-f?rm")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>confirm</ets>: cf. F. <ets>reconfirmer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To confirm anew.</def>

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<h1>Reconfort</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*fort"</hw> <tt>(-f?rt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82conforter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To recomfort; to comfort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Reconjoin</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*join"</hw> <tt>(r?`k?n*join")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To join or conjoin anew.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Reconnoissance, Reconnaissance</h1>
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<hw><hw>Re*con"nois*sance</hw>, <hw>Re*con"nais*sance</hw><hw> <tt>(r?-k?n"n?s-s?ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Recognizance</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of reconnoitering; preliminary examination or survey.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An examination or survey of a region in reference to its general geological character</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>An examination of a region as to its general natural features, preparatory to a more particular survey for the purposes of triangulation, or of determining the location of a public work</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An examination of a territory, or of an enemy's position, for the purpose of obtaining information necessary for directing military operations; a preparatory expedition.</def>

<cs><col>Reconnoissance in force</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a demonstration or attack by a large force of troops for the purpose of discovering the position and strength of an enemy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reconnoiter, Reconnoitre</h1>
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<hw><hw>Rec`on*noi"ter</hw>, <hw>Rec`on*noi"tre</hw><hw> <tt>(r?k`?n*noi"t?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>reconnoitre</ets>, a former spelling of <ets>reconna\'8ctre</ets>. See <er>Recognize</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To examine with the eye to make a preliminary examination or survey of; esp., to survey with a view to military or engineering operations.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To recognize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Walpole.</i>

<h1>Reconquer</h1>
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<hw>Re*con"quer</hw> <tt>(r?*k?n"k?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets>  + <ets>conquer</ets>: cf. F. <ets>reconqu\'82rir</ets>.]</ety> <def>To conquer again; to recover by conquest; <as>as, to <ex>reconquer</ex> a revolted province</as>.</def>

<h1>Reconquest</h1>
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<hw>Re*con"quest</hw> <tt>(-kw?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second conquest.</def>

<h1>Reconsecrate</h1>
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<hw>Re*con"se*crate</hw> <tt>(-k?n"s?*kr?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To consecrate anew or again.</def>

<h1>Reconsecration</h1>
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<hw>Re*con`se*cra"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Renewed consecration.</def>

<h1>Reconsider</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*sid"er</hw> <tt>(r?`k?n*s?d"?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To consider again; <as>as, to <ex>reconsider</ex> a subject</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Parliamentary Practice)</fld> <def>To take up for renewed consideration, as a motion or a vote which has been previously acted upon.</def>

<h1>Reconsideration</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*sid`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(-?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reconsidering, or the state of being reconsidered; <as>as, the <ex>reconsideration</ex> of a vote in a legislative body</as>.</def>

<h1>Reconsolate</h1>
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<hw>Re*con"so*late</hw> <tt>(r?*k?n"s?*l?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To console or comfort again.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Reconsolidate</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*sol"i*date</hw> <tt>(r?`k?n*s?l"?*d?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To consolidate anew or again.</def>

<h1>Reconsolidation</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*sol`i*da"tion</hw> <tt>(-d?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of reconsolidating; the state of being reconsolidated.</def>

<h1>Reconstruct</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*struct"</hw> <tt>(-str?kt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To construct again; to rebuild; to remodel; to form again or anew.</def>

<blockquote>Regiments had been dissolved and <b>reconstructed</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reconstruction</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*struc"tion</hw> <tt>(-str?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of constructing again; the state of being reconstructed.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(U.S. Politics)</fld> <def>The act or process of reorganizing the governments of the States which had passed ordinances of secession, and of re\'89stablishing their constitutional relations to the national government, after the close of the Civil War.</def>

<h1>Reconstructive</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*struct"ive</hw> <tt>(-str?k"t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Reconstructing; tending to reconstruct; <as>as, a <ex>reconstructive</ex> policy</as>.</def>

<h1>Recontinuance</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*tin"u*ance</hw> <tt>(-t?n"?*?ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or state of recontinuing.</def>

<h1>Recontinue</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*tin"ue</hw> <tt>(-?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To continue anew.</def>

<h1>Reconvene</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*vene"</hw> <tt>(r?`k?n*v?n")</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To convene or assemble again; to call or come together again.</def>

<h1>Reconvention</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*ven"tion</hw> <tt>(-v?n"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>A cross demand; an action brought by the defendant against the plaintiff before the same judge.</def>

<i>Burrill. Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Reconversion</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(-v?r"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second conversion.</def>

<h1>Reconvert</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*vert"</hw> <tt>(-v?rt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To convert again.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Reconvert</h1>
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<hw>Re*con"vert</hw> <tt>(r?*k?n"v?rt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who has been reconverted.</def>

<i>Gladstone.</i>

<h1>Reconvertible</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*vert"i*ble</hw> <tt>(r?`k?n*v?rt"?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Capable of being reconverted; convertible again to the original form or condition.</def>

<h1>Reconvey</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*vey"</hw> <tt>(-v?")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To convey back or to the former place; <as>as, to <ex>reconvey</ex> goods</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To transfer back to a former owner; <as>as, to <ex>reconvey</ex> an estate</as>.</def>

<h1>Reconveyance</h1>
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<hw>Re`con*vey"ance</hw> <tt>(-v?"?ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of reconveying.</def>

<h1>Recopy</h1>
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<hw>Re*cop"y</hw> <tt>(r?*k?p"?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To copy again.</def>

<h1>Record</h1>
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<hw>Re*cord"</hw> <tt>(r?*k?rd")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Recorded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Recording</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>recorden</ets> to repeat, remind, F. <ets>recorder</ets>, fr. L. <ets>recordari</ets> to remember; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>cor</ets>, <ets>cordis</ets>, the heart or mind. See <er>Cordial</er>, <er>Heart</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To recall to mind; to recollect; to remember; to meditate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "I it you <i>record</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To repeat; to recite; to sing or play.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>They longed to see the day, to hear the lark
<b>Record</b> her hymns, and chant her carols blest.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To preserve the memory of, by committing to writing, to printing, to inscription, or the like; to make note of; to write or enter in a book or on parchment, for the purpose of preserving authentic evidence of; to register; to enroll; <as>as, to <ex>record</ex> the proceedings of a court; to <ex>record</ex> historical events.</as></def>

<blockquote>Those things that are <b>recorded</b> of him . . . are written in the chronicles of the kings.
<i>1 Esd. i. 42.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To record a deed</col>, <col>mortgage</col>, <col>lease</col></mcol>, <cd>etc., to have a copy of the same entered in the records of the office designated by law, for the information of the public.</cd></cs>

<h1>Record</h1>
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<hw>Re*cord"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reflect; to ponder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Praying all the way, and <b>recording</b> upon the words which he before had read.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sing or repeat a tune.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Whether the birds or she <b>recorded</b> best.
<i>W. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Record</h1>
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<hw>Rec"ord</hw> <tt>(r?k"?rd)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>recort</ets>, <ets>record</ets>, remembrance, attestation, record. See <er>Record</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A writing by which same act or event, or a number of acts or events, is recorded; a register; <as>as, a <ex>record</ex> of the acts of the Hebrew kings; a <ex>record</ex> of the variations of temperature during a certain time; a family <ex>record</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An official contemporaneous writing by which the acts of some public body, or public officer, are recorded; <as>as, a <ex>record</ex> of city ordinances; the <ex>records</ex> of the receiver of taxes</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An authentic official copy of a document which has been entered in a book, or deposited in the keeping of some officer designated by law.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An official contemporaneous memorandum stating the proceedings of a court of justice; a judicial record.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The various legal papers used in a case, together with memoranda of the proceedings of the court; <as>as, it is not permissible to allege facts not in the <ex>record</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Testimony; witness; attestation.</def>

<blockquote>John bare <b>record</b>, saying.
<i>John i. 32</i></blockquote>.

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which serves to perpetuate a knowledge of acts or events; a monument; a memorial.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>That which has been, or might be, recorded; the known facts in the course, progress, or duration of anything, as in the life of a public man; <as>as, a politician with a good or a bad <ex>record</ex></as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="1201">
Page 1201<p>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>That which has been publicly achieved in any kind of competitive sport as recorded in some authoritative manner, as the time made by a winning horse in a race.</def>

<cs><col>Court of record</col> <tt>(<it>pron.<it> r<?/*k<?/rd" <it>in Eng.<it>)</tt>, <cd>a court whose acts and judicial proceedings are written on parchment or in books for a perpetual memorial.</cd> -- <col>Debt of record</col>, <cd>a debt which appears to be due by the evidence of a court of record, as upon a judgment or a cognizance.</cd> -- <col>Trial by record</col>, <cd>a trial which is had when a matter of record is pleaded, and the opposite party pleads that there is no such record. In this case the trial is by inspection of the record itself, no other evidence being admissible. <i>Blackstone</i>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To beat</col>, &or; <col>break</col>, <col>the record</col></mcol> <fld>(Sporting)</fld>, <cd>to surpass any performance of like kind as authoritatively recorded; <as>as, <ex>to break the record<ex> in a walking match</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Recordance</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*cord"ance</hw> <tt>(r?*k?rd"?ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Remembrance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Recordation</h1>
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<hw>Rec`or*da"tion</hw> <tt>(r?k`?r*d?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recordatio</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>recordation</ets>. See <er>Record</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Remembrance; recollection; also, a record.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Recorder</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*cord"er</hw> <tt>(r?*k?rd"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who records; specifically, a person whose official duty it is to make a record of writings or transactions.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The title of the chief judical officer of some cities and boroughs; also, of the chief justice of an East Indian settlement. The Recorder of London is judge of the Lord Mayor's Court, and one of the commissioners of the Central Criminal Court.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A kind of wind instrument resembling the flageolet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Flutes and soft <i>recorders</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Recordership</h1>
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<hw>Re*cord"er*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a recorder.</def>

<h1>Recording</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*cord"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Keeping a record or a register; <as>as, a <ex>recording</ex> secretary; -- applied to numerous instruments with an automatic appliance which makes a record of their action; <as>as, a <ex>recording</ex> gauge or telegraph</as>.</def>

<h1>Recorporification</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re`cor*por`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(r?`k?r*p?r`?*f?*k?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of investing again with a body; the state of being furnished anew with a body.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Recouch</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*couch"</hw> <tt>(r?*kouch")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>couch</ets>: cf. F. <ets>recoucher</ets>.]</ety> <def>To retire again to a couch; to lie down again.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Recount</h1>
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<hw>Re*count"</hw> <tt>(r?*kount")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets>  + <ets>count</ets>.]</ety> <def>To count or reckon again.</def>

<h1>Recount</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*count"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A counting again, as of votes.</def>

<h1>Recount</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*count"</hw> <tt>(r?*kount")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>raconter</ets> to relate, to recount; pref. <ets>re-</ets> again + <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>.) + <ets>conter</ets> to relate. See <er>Count</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>To tell over; to relate in detail; to recite; to tell or narrate the particulars of; to rehearse; to enumerate; <as>as, to <ex>recount</ex> one's blessings</as>.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>To all his angels, who, with true applause,
<b>Recount</b> his praises.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recountment</h1>
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<hw>Re*count`ment</hw> <tt>(-m?nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Recital.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Recoup, Recoupe</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw><hw>Re*coup"</hw>, <hw>Re*coupe"</hw><hw> <tt>(-k??p")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>recouper</ets>; pref.  <ets>re-</ets>  re- + <ets>couper</ets> to cut.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To keep back rightfully (a part), as if by cutting off, so as to diminish a sum due; to take off (a part) from damages; to deduct; <as>as, where a landlord <ex>recouped</ex> the rent of premises from damages awarded to the plaintiff for eviction</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To get an equivalent or compensation for; <as>as, to <ex>recoup</ex> money lost at the gaming table; to <ex>recoup</ex> one's losses in the share market</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To reimburse; to indemnify; -- often used reflexively and in the passive.</def>

<blockquote>Elizabeth had lost her venture; but if she was bold, she might <b>recoup</b> herself at Philip's cost.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Industry is sometimes <b>recouped</b> for a small price by extensive custom.
<i>Duke of Argyll.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recouper</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*coup"er</hw> <tt>(r?*k??p"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who recoups.</def>

<i>Story.</i>

<h1>Recoupment</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*coup"ment</hw> <tt>(-m?nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of recouping.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Recoupment</i> applies to equities growing out of the very affair from which thw principal demand arises, <i>set-off</i> to cross-demands which may be independent in origin.</note>

<i>Abbott.</i>

<h1>Recourse</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*course"</hw> <tt>(r?*k?rs")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>recours</ets>, L. <ets>recursus</ets> a running back, return, fr. <ets>recurrere</ets>, <ets>recursum</ets>, to run back. See <er>Recur</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A coursing back, or coursing again, along the line of a previous coursing; renewed course; return; retreat; recurence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Swift <i>recourse</i> of flushing blood."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Unto my first I will have my <b>recourse</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Preventive physic . . . preventeth sickness in the healthy, or the <b>recourse thereof in the valetudinary</b>.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Recurrence in difficulty, perplexity, need, or the like; access or application for aid; resort.</def>

<blockquote>Thus died this great peer, in a time of great <b>recourse</b> unto him and dependence upon him.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our last <b>recourse</b> is therefore to our art.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Access; admittance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Give me <b>recourse</b> to him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Without recourse</col> <fld>(Commerce)</fld>, <cd>words sometimes added to the indorsement of a negotiable instrument to protect the indorser from liability to the indorsee and subsequent holders. It is a restricted indorsement.</cd></cs>

<h1>Recourse</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*course"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To return; to recur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The flame departing and <b>recoursing</b>.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have recourse; to resort.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hacket.</i>

<h1>Recourseful</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*course"ful</hw> <tt>(-f?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having recurring flow and ebb; moving alternately.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Recover</h1>
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<hw>Re*cov"er</hw> <tt>(r?*k?v"?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> +  <ets>cover</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>recouvrir</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cover again.</def>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Recover</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*cov"er</hw> <tt>(r?*k?v"?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Recovered</er> <tt>(-?rd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Recovering</er>. ]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>recoveren</ets>, OF. <ets>recovrer</ets>, F. <ets>recouvrer</ets>, from L. <ets>recuperare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets>  re + a word of unknown origin. Cf.<er>Recuperate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To get or obtain again; to get renewed possession of; to win back; to regain.</def>

<blockquote>David <b>recovered</b> all that the Amalekites had carried away.
<i>1. Sam. xxx. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make good by reparation; to make up for; to retrieve; to repair the loss or injury of; <as>as, to <ex>recover</ex> lost time</as>.</def> "Loss of catel may <i>recovered</i> be."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Even good men have many failings and lapses to lament and <b>recover</b>.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To restore from sickness, faintness, or the like; to bring back to life or health; to cure; to heal.</def>

<blockquote>The wine in my bottle will <b>recover</b> him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To overcome; to get the better of, -- as a state of mind or body.</def>

<blockquote>I do hope to <b>recover</b> my late hurt.
<i>Cowley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When I had <b>recovered</b> a little my first surprise.
<i>De Foe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To rescue; to deliver.</def>

<blockquote>That they may <b>recover</b> themselves out of the snare of the devil, who are taken captive by him.
<i>2. Tim. ii. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To gain by motion or effort; to obtain; to reach; to come to.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The forest is not three leagues off;
If we <b>recover</b> that, we're sure enough.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Except he could <b>recover</b> one of the Cities of Refuge he was to die.
<i>Hales.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To gain as a compensation; to obtain in return for injury or debt; <as>as, to <ex>recover</ex> damages in trespass; to <i>recover</i> debt and costs in a suit at law; to obtain title to by judgement in a court of law; <as>as, to <ex>recover</ex> lands in ejectment or common recovery</as></as>; to gain by legal process; <as>as, to <ex>recover</ex> judgement against a defendant</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Recover arms</col> <fld>(Mil. Drill)</fld>, <cd>a command whereby the piece is brought from the position of "aim" to that of "ready."</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To regain; repossess; resume; retrieve; recruit; heal; cure.</syn>

<h1>Recover</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*cov"er</hw> <tt>(r?*k?v"?r)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To regain health after sickness; to grow well; to be restored or cured; hence, to regain a former state or condition after misfortune, alarm, etc.; -- often followed by <i>of</i> or <i>from</i>; <as>as, to <ex>recover</ex> from a state of poverty; to <ex>recover</ex> from fright.</as></def>

<blockquote>Go, inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron, whether I shall <b>recover</b> of this disease.
<i>2 Kings i. 2.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make one's way; to come; to arrive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With much ado the Christians <b>recovered</b> to Antioch.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To obtain a judgement; to succeed in a lawsuit; <as>as, the plaintiff has <ex>recovered</ex> in his suit</as>.</def>

<h1>Recover</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*cov"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Recovery.</def>

<i>Sir T. Malory.</i>

<h1>Recoverable</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*cov"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>recouvrable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being recovered or regained; capable of being brought back to a former condition, as from sickness, misfortune, etc.; obtainable from a debtor or possessor; <as>as, the debt is <ex>recoverable</ex>; goods lost or sunk in the ocean are not <ex>recoverable</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>A prodigal course
Is like the sun's; but not, like his, <b>recoverable</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If I am <b>recoverable</b>, why am I thus?
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*cov"er*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Re coverance</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re cov"er*ance</hw> <tt>(<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Recovery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Recoveree</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*cov`er*ee"</hw> <tt>(-?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person against whom a judgment is obtained in common recovery.</def>

<h1>Recoverer</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*cov"er*er</hw> <tt>(r?*k?v"?r*?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>One who recovers.</def>

<h1>Recoveror</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*cov`er*or"</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The demandant in a common recovery after judgment.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Recovery</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*cov"er*y</hw> <tt>(r?*k?v"?r*?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of recovering, regaining, or retaking possession.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Restoration from sickness, weakness, faintness, or the like; restoration from a condition of mistortune, of fright, etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The obtaining in a suit at law of a right to something by a verdict and judgment of court.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The getting, or gaining, of something not previously had.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Help be past <i>recovery</i>."

<i>Tusser.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>In rowing, the act of regaining the proper position for making a new stroke.</def>

<cs><col>Common recovery</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a species of common assurance or mode of conveying lands by matter of record, through the forms of an action at law, formerly in frequent use, but now abolished or obsolete, both in England and America.</cd></cs>

<i>Burrill. Warren.</i>

<h1>Recreance</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Rec"re*ance</hw> <tt>(r?k"r?*?ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Recreancy.</def>

<h1>Recreancy</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Rec"re*an*cy</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>n*s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being recreant.</def>

<h1>Recreant</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Rec"re*ant</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF., cowardly, fr. <ets>recroire</ets>, <ets>recreire</ets>, to forsake, leave, tire, discourage, regard as conquered, LL. <ets>recredere se</ets> to declare one's self conquered in combat; hence, those are called <ets>recrediti</ets> or <ets>recreanti</ets> who are considered infamous; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> again, back + <ets>credere</ets> to believe, to be of opinion; hence, originally, to disavow one's opinion. See <er>Creed</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Crying for mercy, as a combatant in the trial by battle; yielding; cowardly; mean-spirited; craven.</def> "This <i>recreant</i> knight."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Apostate; false; unfaithful.</def>

<blockquote>Who, for so many benefits received,
Turned <b>recreant</b> to God, ingrate and false.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recreant</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Rec"re*ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who yields in combat, and begs for mercy; a mean-spirited, cowardly wretch.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<blockquote>You are all <b>recreants</b> and dastards!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Re-create</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re`-cre*ate"</hw> <tt>(r?`kr?*?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>create</ets>.]</ety> <def>To create or form anew.</def>

<blockquote>On opening the campaign of 1776, instead of re\'89nforcing, it was necessary to <b>re-create</b>, the army.
<i>Marshall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recreate</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Rec"re*ate</hw> <tt>(rk"r*t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Recreated</er> <tt>(-`td)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Recreating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>recreatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>recreate</ets> to create anew, to refresh; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>creare</ets> to create. See <er>Create</er>.]</ety> <def>To give fresh life to; to reanimate; to revive; especially, to refresh after wearying toil or anxiety; to relieve; to cheer; to divert; to amuse; to gratify.</def>

<blockquote>Painters, when they work on white grounds, place before them colors mixed with blue and green, to <b>recreate</b> their eyes, white wearying . . . the sight more than any.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>St. John, who <b>recreated</b> himself with sporting with a tame partridge.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These ripe fruits <b>recreate</b> the nostrils with their aromatic scent.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recreate</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Rec"re*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take recreation.</def>

<i>L. Addison.</i>

<h1>Recreation</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Rec"re*a"tion</hw> <tt>(-?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82cr\'82ation</ets>, L. <ets>recreatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of recreating, or the state of being recreated; refreshment of the strength and spirits after toil; amusement; diversion; sport; pastime.</def>

<h1>Recreation</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re`*cre*a"tion</hw> <tt>(r?`kr?*?sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Re-create</er>.]</ety> <def>A forming anew; a new creation or formation.</def>

<h1>Re-creative</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re`-cre*a"tive</hw> <tt>(-?`t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Creating anew; <as>as, <ex>re-creative</ex> power</as>.</def>

<h1>Recreative</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Rec"re*a`tive</hw> <tt>(r?k"r?*?`t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82cr<?/atif</ets>. See <er>Recreate</er>.]</ety> <def>Tending to recreate or refresh; recreating; giving new vigor or animation; reinvigorating; giving relief after labor or pain; amusing; diverting.</def>

<blockquote>Let the music of them be <b>recreative</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

--- <wordforms><wf>Rec"re*a`tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Rec"re*a`tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Recrement</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Rec"re*ment</hw> <tt>(r?k"r?*m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recrementum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>cernere</ets>, <ets>cretum</ets>, to separate, sift: cf. F. <ets>r\'82cr\'82ment</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Superfluous matter separated from that which is useful; dross; scoria; <as>as, the <ex>recrement</ex> of ore</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Excrement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A substance secreted from the blood and again absorbed by it.</def>

<h1>Recremental</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Rec`re*men"tal</hw> <tt>(-m?n"t<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Recrementitious.</def>

<h1>Recrementitial</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Rec`re*men*ti"tial</hw> <tt>(-m?n*t?sh"<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82cr\'82mentitiel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of the nature of a recrement. See <er>Recrement</er>,<er>2</er> <sd>(b)</sd>.</def> "<i>Recrementitial</i> fluids."

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Recrementitious</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Rec`re*men*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(-t?sh"?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to recrement; consisting of recrement or dross.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Recriminate</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*crim"i*nate</hw> <tt>(r?*kr?m"?*n?t)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref.  <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>criminate</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82criminer</ets> ,LL. <ets>recriminare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To return one charge or accusation with another; to chargeback fault or crime upon an accuser.</def>

<blockquote>It is not my business to <b>recriminate</b>, hoping sufficiently to<?/ clear myself in this matter.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recriminate</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*crim"i*nate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To accuse in return.</def>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Recrimination</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*crim`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(-n?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82crimination</ets>, LL. <ets>recriminatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of recriminating; an accusation brought by the accused against the accuser; a counter accusation.</def>

<blockquote>Accusations and <b>recriminations</b> passed back ward and forward between the contending parties.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recriminative</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*crim"i*na*tive</hw> <tt>(-n?*t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Recriminatory.</def>

<h1>Recriminator</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*crim"i*na`tor</hw> <tt>(-n?`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who recriminates.</def>

<h1>Recriminatory</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*crim"i*na*to*ry</hw> <tt>(-n?*t?*r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82criminatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of recrimination; retorting accusation; recriminating.</def>

<h1>Recross</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*cross"</hw> <tt>(r?*kr?s";115)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cross a second time.</def>

<h1>Recrudency</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*cru"den*cy</hw> <tt>(r?*kr?"d<it>e</it>n*s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Recrudescence.</def>

<h1>Recrudescence rkrdss<it>e</it>ns, Recrudescency</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw><hw>Re`cru*des"cence</hw> <tt>(r?`kr?*d?s"s<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <hw>Re`cru*des`cen*cy</hw> <tt>(-d?s"s<it>e</it>n*s?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>recrudescence</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or condition of being recrudescent.</def>

<blockquote><b>A recrudescence</b> of barbarism may condemn it [land] to chronic poverty and waste.
<i>Duke of Argyll.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Increased severity of a disease after temporary remission.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Recrudescent</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re`cru*des"cent</hw> <tt>(-s<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recrudescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>recrudescere</ets> to become raw again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>crudescere</ets> to become hard or raw: cf. F. <ets>recrudescent</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Growing raw, sore, or painful again.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Breaking out again after temporary abatement or supression; <as>as, a <ex>recrudescent</ex> epidemic</as>.</def>

<h1>Recruit</h1>
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<hw>Re*cruit"</hw> <tt>(r?*kr?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Recruited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Recruiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>recruter</ets>, corrupted (under influence of <ets>recrue</ets> recruiting, recruit, from <ets>recro<?/tre</ets>, p.p. <ets>recr<?/</ets>, to grow again) from an older <ets>recluter</ets>, properly, to patch, to mend (a garment); pref. <ets>re-</ets> + OF. <ets>clut</ets> piece, piece of cloth; cf. Icel. <ets>kl<?/t<?/</ets> kerchief, E. <ets>clout</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To repair by fresh supplies, as anything wasted; to remedy lack or deficiency in; <as>as, food <ex>recruits</ex> the flesh; fresh air and exercise <ex>recruit</ex> the spirits.</as></def>

<blockquote>Her cheeks glow the brighter, <b>recruiting</b> their color.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to restore the wasted vigor of; to renew in strength or health; to reinvigorate.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To supply with new men, as an army; to fill up or make up by enlistment; <as>as, he <ex>recruited</ex> two regiments; the army was <ex>recruited</ex> for a campaign</as>; also, to muster; to enlist; <as>as, he <ex>recruited</ex> fifty men</as>.</def>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Recruit</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*cruit"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To gain new supplies of anything wasted; to gain health, flesh, spirits, or the like; to recuperate; <as>as, lean cattle <ex>recruit</ex> in fresh pastures</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To gain new supplies of men for military or other service; to raise or enlist new soldiers; to enlist troops.</def>

<h1>Recruit</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*cruit"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A supply of anything wasted or exhausted; a re\'89nforcement.</def>

<blockquote>The state is to have <b>recruits</b> to its strength, and remedies to its distempers.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, a man enlisted for service in the army; a newly enlisted soldier.</def>

<h1>Recruiter</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*cruit"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, recruits.</def>

<h1>Recruitment</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*cruit"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of recruiting; especially, the enlistment of men for an army.</def>

<h1>Recrystallization</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*crys`tal*li*za"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*kr?s`t<it>a</it>l?*z?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem. & Min.)</fld> <def>The process or recrystallizing.</def>

<h1>Recrystallize</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Re*crys"tal*lize</hw> <tt>(r?*kr?s"t<it>a</it>l*l?z)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <fld>(Chem. & Min.)</fld> <def>To crystallize again.</def>

<i>Henry.</i>

<h1>Rectal</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Rec"tal</hw> <tt>(r?k"t<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the rectum; in the region of the rectum.</def>

<h1>Rectangle</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Rec"tan`gle</hw> <tt>(r?k"t??`g'l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L.  <ets>rectus</ets> right + <ets>angulus</ets> angle. See <er>Right</er>, and <er>Angle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A four-sided figure having only right angles; a right-angled parallelogram.</def>

<note>&hand; As the area of a <i>rectangle</i> is expressed by the product of its two dimensions, the term <i>rectangle</i> is sometimes used for <i>product</i>; as, the <i>rectangle</i> of <i>a</i> and <i>b</i>, that is, <i>ab</i>.</note>

<h1>Rectangle</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Rec"tan`gle</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rectangular.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Rectangled</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Rec"tan`gled</hw> <tt>(-g'ld)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rectangular.</def>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<h1>Rectangular</h1>
<Xpage=1201>

<hw>Rec*tan"gu*lar</hw> <tt>(r?k*t?n"g?*l?r)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>rectangulaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Right-angled; having one or more angles of ninety degrees.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Rec*tan"gu*lar*ly</wf> <tt>(r<?/k*t<?/n"g<?/*l<?/r*l<?/)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Rec*tan"gu*lar*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Rectangularity</h1>
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<hw>Rec*tan`gu*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(-l?r"?*t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being rectangular, or right-angled.</def>

<h1>Recti-</h1>
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<hw>Rec"ti-</hw> <tt>(r?k"t?*)</tt>. <ety>[L. <ets>rectus</ets> straight.]</ety> <def>A combining form signifying <i>straight</i>; <as>as, <ex>recti</ex>lineal, having straight lines; <ex>recti</ex>nerved</as>.</def>

<h1>Rectifiable</h1>
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<hw>Rec"ti*fi`a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?k"t?*f?`?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being rectified; <as>as, a <ex>rectifiable</ex> mistake</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="1202">
Page 1202<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Admitting, as a curve, of the construction of a straight l<?/<?/e equal in length to any definite portion of the curve.</def>

<h1>Rectification</h1>
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<hw>Rec`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(r?k`t?*f?*k?1sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rectification</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or operation of rectifying; <as>as, the <ex>rectification</ex> of an error; the <ex>rectification</ex> of spirits.</as></def>

<blockquote>After the <b>rectification</b> of his views, he was incapable of compromise with profounder shapes of error.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The determination of a straight line whose length is equal a portion of a curve.</def>

<cs><col>Rectification of a globe</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>its adjustment preparatory to the solution of a proposed problem.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rectificator</h1>
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<hw>Rec"ti*fi*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(r?k"t?*f?*k?`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>That which rectifies or refines; esp., a part of a distilling apparatus in which the more volatile portions are separated from the less volatile by the process of evaporation and condensation; a rectifier.</def>

<h1>Rectifier</h1>
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<hw>Rec"ti*fi`er</hw> <tt>(r?k"t?*f?`?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, rectifies.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> An instrument used for determining and rectifying the variations of the compass on board ship. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> A rectificator.</def><-- (Elec.) A device to convert alternating current to direct current. -->

<h1>Rectify</h1>
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<hw>Rec"ti*fy</hw> <tt>(-f?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rectified</er> <tt>(-f?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rectifying</er> <tt>(-f?`?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>rectifier</ets>, LL. <ets>rectificare</ets>; L. <ets>rectus</ets> right + <ets>-ficare</ets> (in comp.) to make. See <er>Right</er>, and <er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make or set right; to correct from a wrong, erroneous, or false state; to amend; <as>as, to <ex>rectify</ex> errors, mistakes, or abuses; to <ex>rectify</ex> the will, the judgment, opinions; to <ex>rectify</ex> disorders.</as></def>

<blockquote>I meant to <b>rectify</b> my conscience.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This was an error of opinion which a conflicting opinion would have <b>rectified</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To refine or purify by repeated distillation or sublimation, by which the fine parts of a substance are separated from the grosser; <as>as, to <ex>rectify</ex> spirit of wine</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To produce ( as factitious gin or brandy) by redistilling low wines or ardent spirits (whisky, rum, etc.), flavoring substances, etc., being added.</def>

<-- (Elec.) To convert (alternating current) to direct current. -->

<cs><col>To rectify a globe</col>, <cd>to adjust it in order to prepare for the solution of a proposed problem.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To amend; emend; correct; better; mend; reform; redress; adjust; regulate; improve. See <er>Amend</er>.</syn>

<h1>Rectilineal -ln<it>a</it>l, Rectilinear</h1>
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<hw><hw>Rec`ti*lin"e*al</hw> <tt>(-l?n"?*<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <hw>Rec`ti*lin"e*ar</hw> <tt>(-l?n"?*?r)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Recti-</ets> +  <ets>lineal</ets>, <ets>linear</ets>.]</ety> <def>Straight; consisting of a straight line or lines; bounded by straight lines; <as>as, a <ex>rectineal</ex> angle; a <ex>rectilinear</ex> figure or course.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Rec`ti*lin"e*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Rec`ti*lin"e*ar*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Rectilinearity</h1>
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<hw>Rec`ti*lin`e*ar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(-?r"?*t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being rectilinear.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Rectilineous</h1>
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<hw>Rec`ti*lin"e*ous</hw> <tt>(-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rectilinear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ray.</i>

<h1>Rectinerved</h1>
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<hw>Rec"ti*nerved`</hw> <tt>(r?k"t?*n?rrvd`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Recti-</ets> + <ets>nerve</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the veins or nerves straight; -- said of leaves.</def>

<h1>Rection</h1>
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<hw>Rec"tion</hw> <tt>(r?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rectio</ets>, fr. <ets>regere</ets> to rule or govern.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>See <er>Government</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 7.</def>

<i>Gibbs.</i>

<h1>Rectirostral</h1>
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<hw>Rec`ti*ros"tral</hw> <tt>(r?k`t?*r?s"tr<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Recti-</ets> +  <ets>rostral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a straight beak.</def>

<h1>Rectiserial</h1>
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<hw>Rec`ti*se"ri*al</hw> <tt>(-s?"r?*<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Recti-</ets> +  <ets>serial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Arranged in exactly vertical ranks, as the leaves on stems of many kinds; -- opposed to <i>curviserial</i>.</def>

<h1>Rectitis</h1>
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<hw>Rec*ti"tis</hw> <tt>(r?k*t?"t?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Rectum</er>, and <er>-itis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Proctitis.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Rectitude</h1>
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<hw>Rec"ti*tude</hw> <tt>(r?k"t?*t?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rectitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>rectus</ets> right, straight: cf. F. <ets>rectitude</ets>. See <er>Right</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Straightness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rightness of principle or practice; exact conformity to truth, or to the rules prescribed for moral conduct, either by divine or human laws; uprightness of mind; uprightness; integrity; honesty; justice.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Right judgment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Justice</er>.</syn>

<h1>Recto-</h1>
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<hw>Rec"to-</hw> <tt>(r?k"t?*)</tt>. <def>A combining form indicating <i>connection with</i>, or <i>relation to</i>, <i>the rectum</i>; <as>as, <ex>recto</ex>-vesical</as>.</def>

<h1>Recto</h1>
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<hw>Rec"to</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Abbrev. fr. LL. breve de <ets>recto</ets>. See <er>Right</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ of right.</def>

<h1>Recto</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Rec"to</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>recto</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The right-hand page; -- opposed to <i>verso</i>.</def>

<h1>Rector</h1>
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<hw>Rec"tor</hw> <tt>(r?k"t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>regere</ets>, <ets>rectum</ets>, to lead straight, to rule: cf. F. <ets>recteur</ets>. See <er>Regiment</er>, <er>Right</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A ruler or governor.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>God is the supreme <b>rector</b> of the world.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Ch. of Eng.)</fld> <def>A clergyman who has the charge and cure of a parish, and has the tithes, etc.; the clergyman of a parish where the tithes are not impropriate. See the Note under Vicar.</def> <i>Blackstone</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Prot. Epis. Ch.)</fld> <def>A clergyman in charge of a parish.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The head master of a public school.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The chief elective officer of some universities, as in France and Scotland; sometimes, the head of a college; <as>as, the <ex>Rector</ex> of Exeter College, or of Lincoln College, at Oxford</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(R.C.CH.)</fld> <def>The superior officer or chief of a convent or religious house; and among the Jesuits the superior of a house that is a seminary or college.</def>

<h1>Rectoral</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Rec"tor*al</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>rectoral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a rector or governor.</def>

<h1>Rectorate</h1>
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<hw>Rec"tor*ate</hw> <tt>(-?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>rectoratus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rectorat</ets>.]</ety> <def>The office, rank, or station of a rector; rectorship.</def>

<h1>Rectoress</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Rec"tor*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A governess; a rectrix.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The wife of a rector.</def>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Rectorial</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Rec*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(r?k*t?"r?*<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Pertaining to a rector or a rectory; rectoral.</def>

<i>Shipley.</i>

<h1>Rectorship</h1>
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<hw>Rec"tor*ship</hw> <tt>(r?k"t?r*sh?p)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Government; guidance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>rectorship</i> of judgment."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The office or rank of a rector; rectorate.</def>

<h1>Rectory</h1>
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<hw>Rec"to*ry</hw> <tt>(-t?*r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rectories</plw> <tt>(-r<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>rectorie</ets> or <ets>rectorerie</ets>, LL. <ets>rectoria</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The province of a rector; a parish church, parsonage, or spiritual living, with all its rights, tithes, and glebes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rector's mansion; a parsonage house.</def>

<h1>Recto-uterine</h1>
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<hw>Rec`to-u"ter*ine</hw> <tt>(-?"t?r*?n or *?n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to both the rectum and the uterus.</def>

<h1>Rectovaginal</h1>
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<hw>Rec`to*vag"i*nal</hw> <tt>(r?k`t?*v?j"?*n<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to both the rectum and the vagina.</def>

<h1>Recto-vesical</h1>
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<hw>Rec`to-ves"i*cal</hw> <tt>(-v?s"?*k<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to both the rectum and the bladder.</def>

<h1>Rectress</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Rec"tress</hw> <tt>(r?k"tr?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rectoress.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Rectrix</h1>
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<hw>Rec"trix</hw> <tt>(-tr?ks)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rectrices</plw> <tt>(-tr<?/"s<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., fem. of <ets>rector</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A governess; a rectoress.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the quill feathers of the tail of a bird.</def>

<h1>Rectum</h1>
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<hw>Rec"tum</hw> <tt>(-t?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. (sc. <ets>intestinum</ets>), fr. L. <ets>rectus</ets> straight. See <er>Right</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The terminal part of the large intestine; -- so named because supposed by the old anatomists to be straight. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Digestive</er>.</def>

<h1>Rectus</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Rec"tus</hw> <tt>(-t?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Recti</plw> <tt>(-t<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>regere</ets> to keep straight.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A straight muscle; <as>as, the <ex>recti</ex> of the eye</as>.</def>

<h1>Recubation</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Rec`u*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(r?k`?*b?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recubare</ets> to lie upon the back.]</ety> <def>Recumbence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Recule</h1>
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<hw>Re*cule"</hw> <tt>(r?*k?l")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To recoil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Recule rkl, Reculement</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw><hw>Re*cule"</hw> <tt>(r?*k?l")</tt>, <hw>Re*cule"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>reculement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Recoil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Recumb</h1>
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<hw>Re*cumb"</hw> <tt>(-k?m")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recumbere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> back + <ets>cumbere</ets> (in comp.), akin to <ets>cubare</ets> to lie down.]</ety> <def>To lean; to recline; to repose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Allen (1761).</i>

<h1>Recumbence</h1>
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<hw>Re*cum"bence</hw> <tt>(r?*k?m"b<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of leaning, resting, or reclining; the state of being recumbent.</def>

<h1>Recumbency</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Re*cum"ben*cy</hw> <tt>(-b<it>e</it>n*s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Recumbence.</def>

<h1>Recumbent</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Re*cum"bent</hw> <tt>(-b<it>e</it>t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recumbens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>recumbere</ets>. See <er>Recumb</er>, <er>Incumbent</er>.]</ety> <def>Leaning; reclining; lying; <as>as, the <ex>recumbent</ex> posture of the Romans at their meals</as>. Hence, figuratively; Resting; inactive; idle.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*cum"bent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Recuperable</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Re*cu"per*a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?*k?"p?r*?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>r\'82cup<?/rable</ets>. See <er>Recover</er>.]</ety> <def>Recoverable.</def>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Recuperate</h1>
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<hw>Re*cu"per*ate</hw> <tt>(-?t)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. &. p. p.</tt> <er>Recuperated</er> <tt>(-?`t?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Recuperating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.<ets>recuperatus</ets>,p.p. of <ets>recuperare</ets>. See <er>Recover</er> to get again.]</ety> <def>To recover health; to regain strength; to convalesce.</def>

<h1>Recuperate</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Re*cu"per*ate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To recover; to regain; <as>as, to <ex>recuperate</ex> the health or strength</as>.</def>

<h1>Recuperation</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Re*cu`per*a"tion</hw> <tt>(-?`sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n..</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recuperatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82cup<?/ration</ets>.]</ety> <def>Recovery, as of anything lost, especially of the health or strength.</def>

<h1>Recuperative -tv, Recuperatory</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw><hw>Re*cu"per*a*tive</hw> <tt>(-?*t?v)</tt>, <hw>Re*cu"per*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(-?*t?*r?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recuperativus</ets>, <ets>recuperatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to recuperation; tending to recovery.</def>

<h1>Recuperator</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Re*cu"per*a`tor</hw> <tt>(r?*k?"pp?r*?`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>recuperator</ets> a recoverer.]</ety> <fld>(Steel Manuf.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Regenerator</er>.</def>

<h1>Recur</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Re*cur"</hw> <tt>(r?*k?r")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Recurred</er> <tt>(-k?rd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Recurring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>recurrere</ets>; pref.<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>currere</ets> to run. See <er>Current</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come back; to return again or repeatedly; to come again to mind.</def>

<blockquote>When any word has been used to signify an idea, the old idea will <b>recur</b> in the mind when the word is heard.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To occur at a stated interval, or according to some regular rule; <as>as, the fever will <ex>recur</ex> to-night</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To resort; to have recourse; to go for help.</def>

<blockquote>If, to avoid succession in eternal existence, they <b>recur</b> to the "punctum stans" of the schools, they will thereby very little help us to a more positive idea of infinite duration.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Recurring decimal</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a circulating decimal. See under <er>Decimal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Recurring series</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>an algebraic series in which the coefficients of the several terms can be expressed by means of certain preceding coefficients and constants in one uniform manner.</cd></cs>

<h1>Recure</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Re*cure"</hw> <tt>(r?*k?r")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Recover</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To arrive at; to reach; to attain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Lydgate.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To recover; to regain; to repossess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When their powers, impaired through labor long,
With due repast, they had <b>recured</b> well.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To restore, as from weariness, sickness; or the like; to repair.</def>

<blockquote>In western waves his weary wagon did <b>recure</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be a cure for; to remedy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>No medicine
Might avail his sickness to <b>recure</b>.
<i>Lydgate.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recure</h1>
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<hw>Re*cure"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Cure; remedy; recovery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>But whom he hite, without <b>recure</b> he dies.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recureless</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Re*cure"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Incapable of cure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Recurrence rkrr<it>e</it>ns, Recurrency</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw><hw>Re*cur"rence</hw> <tt>(r?*k?r"r<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <hw>Re*cur"ren*cy</hw> <tt>(-r<it>e</it>n*s?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82currence</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of recurring, or state of being recurrent; return; resort; recourse.</def>

<blockquote>I shall insensibly go on from a rare to a frequent <b>recurrence</b> to the dangerous preparations.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recurrent</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Re*cur"rent</hw> <tt>(-r<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recurrens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>recurrere</ets>: cf.F. <ets>r\'82current</ets>. See <er>Recur</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Returning from time to time; recurring; <as>as, <ex>recurrent</ex> pains</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Running back toward its origin; <as>as, a <ex>recurrent</ex> nerve or artery</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Recurrent fever</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Relapsing fever</cref>, under <er>Relapsing</er>.</cd> -- <col>Recurrent pulse</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the pulse beat which appears (when the radial artery is compressed at the wrist) on the distal side of the point of pressure through the arteries of the palm of the hand.</cd> -- <col>Recurrent sensibility</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the sensibility manifested by the anterior, or motor, roots of the spinal cord (their stimulation causing pain) owing to the presence of sensory fibers from the corresponding sensory or posterior roots.</cd></cs>

<h1>Recursant</h1>
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<hw>Re*cur"sant</hw> <tt>(r?*k?r"s<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recursans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>recursare</ets> to run back, v. freq. of <ets>recurrere</ets>. See <er>Recure</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Displayed with the back toward the spectator; -- said especially of an eagle.</def>

<h1>Recursion</h1>
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<hw>Re*cur"sion</hw> <tt>(-sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recursio</ets>. See <er>Recur</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of recurring; return.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<-- (Math.) The calculation of a mathematical expression (or a quantity) by repeating an operation on another expression which was derived by application of the same operation, on an expression which itself was the result of similar repeated applications of that same operation on prior results.  The series of operations is terminated by specifying an initial or terminal condition.

  (Computers) A programming technique in which a function calls itself as a subfunction.  Such calls may be repeated in series to arbitrary depth, provided that a terminating condition is given so that the final (deepest) call will return a value (rather than continue to recurse), which then permits the next higher call to return a value, and so forth, until the original call returns a value to the calling program. -->

<h1>Recurvate</h1>
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<hw>Re*cur"vate</hw> <tt>(r?*k?r"v?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recurvatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>recurvare</ets>. See <er>Re-</er>, and <er>Curvate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Recurved.</def>

<h1>Recurvate</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Re*cur"vate</hw> <tt>(-v?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bend or curve back; to recurve.</def>

<i>Pennant.</i>

<h1>Recurvation</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Re`cur*va"tion</hw> <tt>(r?`k?r*v?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of recurving, or the state of being recurved; a bending or flexure backward.</def>

<h1>Recurve</h1>
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<hw>Re*curve"</hw> <tt>(r?*k?rv")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To curve in an opposite or unusual direction; to bend back or down.</def>

<h1>Recurved</h1>
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<hw>Re*curved"</hw> <tt>(r?*k?rvd")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Curved in an opposite or uncommon direction; bent back; <as>as, a bird with a <ex>recurved</ex> bill; flowers with <ex>recurved</ex> petals.</as></def>

<h1>Recurviroster</h1>
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<hw>Re*cur`vi*ros"ter</hw> <tt>(r?*k?r`v?*r?s"t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recurvus</ets> bent back + <ets>rostrum</ets> beack; cf. F. <ets>r\'82curvirostre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>A bird whose beak bends upward, as the avocet.</def>

<h1>Recurvirostral</h1>
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<hw>Re*cur`vi*ros"tral</hw> <tt>(-tr<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Recurviroster</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the beak bent upwards.</def>

<h1>Recurvity</h1>
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<hw>Re*cur"vi*ty</hw> <tt>(r?*k?r"v?*t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Recurvation.</def>

<h1>Recurvous</h1>
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<hw>Re*cur"vous</hw> <tt>(-v?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recurvus</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re + <ets>curvus</ets> curved.]</ety> <def>Recurved.</def>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Recusancy</h1>
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<hw>Re*cu"san*cy</hw> <tt>(r?*k?"z<it>a</it>n*s? &or; r?k"?-)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being recusant; nonconformity.</def>

<i>Coke.</i>

<h1>Recusant</h1>
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<hw>Re*cu"sant</hw> <tt>(-z<it>a</it>t; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>recusans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>recure</ets> to refuse, to oject to; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re + <ets>causa</ets> a cause, pretext: cf. F. <ets>r\'82cusant</ets>. See <er>Cause</er>, and cf. <er>Ruse</er>.]</ety> <def>Obstinate in refusal; specifically, in English history, refusing to acknowledge the supremacy of the king in the churc, or to conform to the established rites of the church; <as>as, a <ex>recusant</ex> lord</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It stated him to have placed his son in the household of the Countess of Derby, a <b>recusant</b> papist.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Recusant</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Re*cu"sant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is obstinate in refusal; one standing out stubbornly against general practice or opinion.</def>

<blockquote>The last rebellious <b>recusants</b> among the European family of nations.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>A person who refuses to acknowledge the supremacy of the king in matters of religion; <as>as, a Roman Catholic <ex>recusant</ex>, who acknowledges the supremacy of the pope</as>.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who refuses communion with the Church of England; a nonconformist.</def>

<blockquote>All that are <b>recusants</b> of holy rites.
<i>Holyday.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reusation</h1>
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<hw>Re`u*sa"tion</hw> <tt>(r?k`?*z?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recusatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82cusation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Refusal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>The act of refusing a judge or challenging that he shall not try the cause, on account of his supposed partiality.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Recusative</h1>
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<hw>Re*cu"sa*tive</hw> <tt>(r?*k?"z?*t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Refusing; denying; negative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Recuse</h1>
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<hw>Re*cuse"</hw> <tt>(r?*k?z")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82cuser</ets>, or L. <ets>recusare</ets>. See <er>Recusant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To refuse or reject, as a judge; to challenge that the judge shall not try the cause.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir K. Digby.</i>

<h1>Recussion</h1>
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<hw>Re*cus"sion</hw> <tt>(r?*k?sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>recutire</ets>, <ets>recussum</ets>, to beat back; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>quatere</ets> to shake.]</ety> <def>The act of beating or striking back.</def>

<h1>Red</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Red</hw> <tt>(r?d)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>. imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Read</er>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Red</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Red</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put on order; to make tidy; also, to free from entanglement or embarrassement; -- generally with <i>up</i>; <as>as, to <ex>red</ex> up a house</as>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Red</h1>
<Xpage=1202>

<hw>Red</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Redder</er> <tt>(-d?r)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Reddest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>red</ets>, <ets>reed</ets>, AS. <ets>re<?/d</ets>, <ets>re<?/d</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>r<?/d</ets>, OFries, <ets>r<?/d</ets>, D. <ets>rood</ets>, G. <ets>roht</ets>, <ets>rot</ets>, OHG. <ets>r<?/t</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>r<?/d</ets>, Icel. <ets>rau<?/r</ets>, <ets>rj<?/<?/r</ets>, Goth. <ets>r<?/uds</ets>, W. <ets>rhudd</ets>, Armor. <ets>ruz</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>ruadh</ets>, L. <ets>ruber</ets>, <ets>rufus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/</ets>, Skr. <ets>rudhira</ets>, <ets>rohita</ets>; cf. L. <ets>rutilus</ets>. &root;113. Cr. <er>Erysipelas</er>, <er>Rouge</er>, <er>Rubric</er>, <er>Ruby</er>, <er>Ruddy</er>, <er>Russet</er>, <er>Rust</er>.]</ety> <def>Of the color of blood, or of a tint resembling that color; of the hue of that part of the rainbow, or of the solar spectrum, which is furthest from the violet part.</def> "Fresh flowers, white and <i>reede</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Your color, I warrant you, is as <b>red</b> as any rose.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Red</i> is a general term, including many different shades or hues, as scarlet, crimson, vermilion, orange red, and the like.</note>

<note>&hand; <i>Red</i> is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, <i>red</i>-breasted, <i>red</i>-cheeked, <i>red</i>-faced, <i>red</i>-haired, <i>red</i>-headed, <i>red-</i>skinned, <i>red</i>-tailed, <i>red-</i>topped, <i>red-</i>whiskered, <i>red</i>-coasted.</note>

<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> <hr>
<page="1203">
Page 1203<p> -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, &or; <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya &or; Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>

<h1>Red</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red</hw> <tt>(r?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The color of blood, or of that part of the spectrum farthest from violet, or a tint resembling these.</def> "Celestial rosy <i>red</i>, love's proper hue."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A red pigment.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(European Politics)</fld> <def>An abbreviation for <i>Red Republican</i>. See under Red, <tt>a.</tt></def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The menses.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<-- 5. Informal name for a Communist. -->

<cs><col>English red</col>, <cd>a pigment prepared by the Dutch, similar to Indian red.</cd> -- <col>Hypericum red</col>, <cd>a red resinous dyestuff extracted from Hypericum.</cd> -- <col>Indian red</col>. <cd>See under <er>Indian</er>, and <er>Almagra</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Redact</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re*dact"</hw> <tt>(r?*d?kt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>redactus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>redigere</ets>; pref. <ets>red-</ets>, <ets>re-</ets>, again, back + <ets>agere</ets> to put in motion, to drive.]</ety> <def>To reduce to form, as literary matter; to digest and put in shape (matter for publication); to edit.</def>

<h1>R\'82dacteur</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>R\'82`dac`teur"</hw> <tt>(r&asl;`d&adot;k`t&etil;r")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Redactor</er>.</def>

<h1>Redaction</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re*dac"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*d?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82daction</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of redacting; work produced by redacting; a digest.</def>

<h1>Redactor</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re*dac"tor</hw> <tt>(-t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who redacts; one who prepares matter for publication; an editor.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Redan</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re*dan"</hw> <tt>(r?*d?n")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., for OF. <ets>redent</ets> a double notching or jagging, as in the teeth of a saw, fr. L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>, a tooth. Cf. <er>Redented</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written sometimes <asp>redent</asp> and <asp>redens</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A work having two parapets whose faces unite so as to form a salient angle toward the enemy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A step or vertical offset in a wall on uneven ground, to keep the parts level.</def>

<h1>Redargue</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red*ar"gue</hw> <tt>(r?d*?r"g?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Redargued</er> <tt>(-g?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Redarguing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>redarguere</ets>; pref. <ets>red-</ets>, <ets>re-</ets> re- +  <ets>arguere</ets> to accuse, charge with: cf. F. <ets>r\'82darguer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To disprove; to refute; toconfute; to reprove; to convict.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>How shall I . . . suffer that God should <b>redargue</b> me at doomsday, and the angels reproach my lukewarmness?
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Now this objection to the immediate cognition of external objects has, as far as I know, been <b>redargued</b> in three different ways.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Redargution</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red`ar*gu"tion</hw> <tt>(r?d`?r*g?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>redargutio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of redarguing; refutation.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Redargutory</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red`ar*gu"to*ry</hw> <tt>(-t?*r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, redargution; refutatory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Redback</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red"back`</hw> <tt>(r?d"b?k`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dunlin.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>

<h1>Redbelly</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red"bel`ly</hw> <tt>(-b?l`l?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The char.</def>

<h1>Redbird</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red"bird`</hw> <tt>(-b?rd`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The cardinal bird.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The summer redbird (<spn>Piranga rubra</spn>).</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The scarlet tanager. See <er>Tanager</er>.</def>

<h1>Redbreast</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red"breast`</hw> <tt>(-br?st`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The European robin.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The American robin. See <er>Robin</er>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The knot, or red-breasted snipe; -- called also <altname>robin breast</altname>, and <altname>robin snipe</altname>. See <er>Knot</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The long-eared pondfish. See <er>Pondfish</er>.</def>

<h1>Redbud</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red"bud`</hw> <tt>(-b?d`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small ornamental leguminous tree of the American species of the genus <spn>Cercis</spn>. See <cref>Judas tree</cref>, under <er>Judas</er>.</def>

<h1>Redcap</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red"cap`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>The European goldfinch.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A specter having long teeth, popularly supposed to haunt old castles in Scotland.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Redcoat</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red"coat`</hw> <tt>(-k&omac;t`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who wears a red coat; specifically, a red-coated British soldier.</def>

<h1>Redde</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red"de</hw> <tt>(-de)</tt>, <def><tt>obs. imp.</tt> of <er>Read</er>, or <er>Rede</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Redden</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red"den</hw> <tt>(r?d"d'n)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reddened</er> <tt>(-d'nd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reddening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Red</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To make red or somewhat red; to give a red color to.</def>

<h1>Redden</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red"den</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To grow or become red; to blush.</def>

<blockquote>Appius <b>reddens</b> at each word you speak.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He no sooner saw that her eye glistened and her cheek <b>reddened</b> than his obstinacy was at once subbued.
<i>Sir W. SCott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reddendum</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red*den"dum</hw> <tt>(r?d*d?n"d?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Neut. of L. <ets>reddendus</ets> that must be given back or yielded, gerundive of <ets>reddere</ets>. See <er>Reddition</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A clause in a deed by which some new thing is reserved out of what had been granted before; the clause by which rent is reserved in a lease.</def>

<i>Cruise.</i>

<h1>Reddish</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red"dish</hw> <tt>(r?d"d?sh)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat red; moderately <er>red</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Red"dish*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Reddition</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red*di"tion</hw> <tt>(r?d*d?sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[L.  <ets>redditio</ets>, fr.  <ets>reddere</ets> to give back, to return: cf. F.  <ets>reddition</ets>. See <er>Render</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Restoration: restitution: surrender.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Explanation; representation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The <b>reddition</b> or application of the comparison.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Redditive</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red"di**tive</hw> <tt>(r?d"d?*t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>redditivus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Answering to an interrogative or inquiry; conveying a reply; <as>as, <ex>redditive</ex> words</as>.</def>

<h1>Reddle</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red"dle</hw> <tt>(r?d"d'l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Red</er>; cf. G. <ets>r<?/thel</ets>. Cf. <er>Ruddle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Red chalk. See under <er>Chalk</er>.</def>

<h1>Reddour</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red"dour</hw> <tt>(r?d"d?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.  <ets>raideur</ets>, fr. <ets>raide</ets> stiff.]</ety> <def>Rigor; violence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Rede</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Rede</hw> <tt>(r?d)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Read</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To advise or counsel.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<blockquote>I <b>rede</b> that our host here shall begin.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To interpret; to explain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>My sweven [dream] <b>rede</b> aright.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rede</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Rede</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Read</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Advice; counsel; suggestion.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<i>Burns.</i>

<blockquote>There was none other remedy ne <b>reed</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A word or phrase; a motto; a proverb; a wise saw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "This <i>rede</i> is rife."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Redeem</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re*deem"</hw> <tt>(r?*d?m")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Redeemed</er>. (-d<?/md"); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Redeeming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82dimer</ets>, L. <ets>redimere</ets>; pref. <ets>red-</ets>, <ets>re-</ets> re- +  <ets>emere</ets>, <ets>emptum</ets>, to buy, originally, to take, cf. OIr. <ets>em</ets> (in comp.), Lith. <ets>imti</ets>. Cf. <er>Assume</er>, <er>Consume</er>, <er>Exempt</er>, <er>Premium</er>, <er>Prompt</er>, <er>Ransom</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To purchase back; to regain possession of by payment of a stipulated price; to repurchase.</def>

<blockquote>If a man sell a dwelling house in a walled city, then he may <b>redeem</b> it within a whole year after it is sold.
<i>Lev. xxv. 29.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> Hence, specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To recall, as an estate, or to regain, as mortgaged property, by paying what may be due by force of the mortgage.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To regain by performing the obligation or condition stated; to discharge the obligation mentioned in, as a promissory note, bond, or other evidence of debt; <as>as, to <ex>redeem</ex> bank notes with coin</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To ransom, liberate, or rescue from captivity or bondage, or from any obligation or liability to suffer or to be forfeited, by paying a price or ransom; to ransom; to rescue; to recover; <as>as, to <ex>redeem</ex> a captive, a pledge, and the like</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Redeem</b> Israel, O God, out of all his troubles.
<i>Ps. xxv. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Almighty from the grave
Hath me <b>redeemed</b>.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Hence, to rescue and deliver from the bondage of sin and the penalties of God's violated law.</def>

<blockquote>Christ hath <b>redeemed</b> us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us.
<i>Gal. iii. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To make good by performing fully; to fulfill; <as>as, to <ex>redeem</ex> one's promises.</as></def>

<blockquote>I will <b>redeem</b> all this on Percy's head.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To pay the penalty of; to make amends for; to serve as an equivalent or offset for; to atone for; to compensate; <as>as, to <ex>redeem</ex> an error</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Which of ye will be mortal, to <b>redeem</b>
Man's mortal crime?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is a chance which does <b>redeem</b> all sorrows.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To redeem the time</col>, <cd>to make the best use of it.</cd></cs>

<h1>Redeemability</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re*deem`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(-?*b?l"?*t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Redeemableness.</def>

<h1>Redeemable</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re*deem"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?*b;l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being redeemed; subject to repurchase; held under conditions permitting redemption; <as>as, a pledge securing the payment of money is <ex>redeemable</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Subject to an obligation of redemtion; conditioned upon a promise of redemtion; payable; due; <as>as, bonds, promissory notes, etc.</as> , <i>redeemabble</i> in gold, or in current money, or four months after date.</def>

<h1>Redeemableness</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re*deem"a*ble*ness</hw> <tt>(r?*d?m"?*b'l*n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being redeemable; redeemability.</def>

<h1>Redeemer</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re*deem"er</hw> <tt>(r?*d?m"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who redeems.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, the Savior of the world, Jesus Christ.</def>

<h1>Redeless</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Rede"less</hw> <tt>(r?d"l?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without rede or counsel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Redeliberate</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re`de*lib"er*ate</hw> <tt>(r?`d?*l?b"?r*?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To deliberate again; to reconsider.</def>

<h1>Redeliver</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re`de*liv"er</hw> <tt>(r?`d?*l?v"?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deliver or give back; to return.</def>

<i>Ay<?/iffe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To deliver or liberate a second time or again.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To report; to deliver the answer of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Shall I <i>redeliver</i> you e'en so?"

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Redeliverance</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re`de*liv"er*ance</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second deliverance.</def>

<h1>Redelivery</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re`de*liv"er*y</hw> <tt>(-?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of delivering back.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A second or new delivery or liberation.</def>

<h1>Redemand</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re`de*mand"</hw> <tt>(r?`d\'b5-m?nd")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> back, again + <ets>demand</ets>: cf. F. <ets>redemander</ets>.]</ety> <def>To demand back; to demand again.</def>

<h1>Redemand</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re`de*mand"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A demanding back; a second or renewed demand.</def>

<h1>Redemise</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re`de*mise"</hw> <tt>(-m?z")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To demise back; to convey or transfer back, as an estate.</def>

<h1>Redemise</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re`de*mise"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The transfer of an estate back to the person who demised it; reconveyance; <as>as, the demise and <ex>redemise</ex> of an estate</as>. See under <er>Demise</er>.</def>

<h1>Redemonstrate</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re*dem"on*strate</hw> <tt>(r?*d?m"?n*str?t &or; r?`d?*m?n"-str?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To demonstrate again, or anew.</def>

<blockquote>Every truth of morals must be <b>redemonstrated</b> in the experience of the individual man before he is capable of utilizing it as a constituent of character or a guide in action.
<i>Lowell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Redemptible</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re*demp"ti*ble</hw> <tt>(r?*d?mp"t?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Redeemable.</def>

<h1>Re-demption</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re-demp"tion</hw> <tt>(-sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82demption</ets>, L. <ets>redemptio</ets>. See <er>Redeem</er>, and cf.  <er>Ransom</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of redeeming, or the state of being redeemed; repurchase; ransom; release; rescue; deliverance; <as>as, the <ex>redemption</ex> of prisoners taken in war; the <ex>redemption</ex> of a ship and cargo</as>.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The liberation of an estate from a mortgage, or the taking back of property mortgaged, upon performance of the terms or conditions on which it was conveyed; also, the right of redeeming and re\'89ntering upon an estate mortgaged</def>. See <cref>Equity of redemption</cref>, under <er>Equity</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Performance of the obligation stated in a note, bill, bond, or other evidence of debt, by making payment to the holder</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The procuring of God's favor by the sufferings and death of Christ; the ransom or deliverance of sinners from the bondage of sin and the penalties of God's violated law.</def>

<blockquote>In whom we have <b>redemption</b> through his blood.
<i>Eph. i. 7.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Redemptionary</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re*demp"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(-?*r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is, or may be, redeemed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hakluyt.</i>

<h1>Redemptioner</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re*demp"tion*er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who redeems himself, as from debt or servitude.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formerly, one who, wishing to emigrate from Europe to America, sold his services for a stipulated time to pay the expenses of his passage.</def>

<h1>Redemptionist</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re*demp"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>A monk of an order founded in 1197; -- so called because the order was especially devoted to the redemption of Christians held in captivity by the Mohammedans. Called also <altname>Trinitarian</altname>.</def>

<h1>Redemptive</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re*demp"tive</hw> <tt>(-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Serving or tending to redeem; redeeming; <as>as, the <ex>redemptive</ex> work of Christ</as>.</def>

<h1>Redemptorist</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re*demp"tor*ist</hw> <tt>(-t?r*?st)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82demptoriste</ets>, fr. L. <ets>redemptor</ets> redeemer, from <ets>redinere</ets>. See <er>Redeem</er>.]</ety> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>One of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, founded in Naples in 1732 by St. Alphonsus Maria de Liquori. It was introduced onto the United States in 1832 at Detroit. The Fathers of the Congregation devote themselves to preaching to the neglected, esp. in missions and retreats, and are forbidden by their rule to engage in the instruction of youth.</def>

<h1>Redemptory</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re*demp"to*ry</hw> <tt>(-t?*r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Paid for ransom; serving to redeem.</def> "Hector's <i>redemptory</i> price."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Redempture</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re*demp"ture</hw> <tt>(-t?r; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Redemption.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Redented</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re*dent"ed</hw> <tt>(r?*d?nt"?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From OF. <ets>redent</ets>. See <er>Redan</er>.]</ety> <def>Formed like the teeth of a saw; indented.</def>

<h1>Redeposit</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re`de*pos"it</hw> <tt>(r?`d?*p?z"?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To deposit again.</def>

<h1>Redescend</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Re`de*scend"</hw> <tt>(-s?nd")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + descend</ets>: cf. F. <ets>redescendre</ets>.]</ety> <def>To descend again.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Redeye</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red"eye`</hw> <tt>(r?d"?`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rudd.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Redfish</er>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The goggle-eye, or fresh-water rock bass.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>
<-- (d) [Colloq.] A scheduled public conveyance, such as a train or airplane, which travels late at night or overnight. -->

<h1>Redfin</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red"fin`</hw> <tt>(-f?n`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small North American dace (<spn>Minnilus cornutus</spn>, or <spn>Notropis megalops</spn>). The male, in the breeding season, has bright red fins. Called also <altname>red dace</altname>, and <altname>shiner</altname>. Applied also to <spn>Notropis ardens</spn>, of the Mississippi valley.</def>

<h1>Redfinch</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red"finch`</hw> <tt>(-f&icr;nch`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European linnet.</def>

<h1>Redfish</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red"fish`</hw> <tt>(r&ecr;d"f&icr;sh`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The blueback salmon of the North Pacific; -- called also <altname>nerka</altname>. See <er>Blueback</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The rosefish.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A large California labroid food fish (<spn>Trochocopus pulcher</spn>); -- called also <altname>fathead</altname>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The red bass, red drum, or drumfish. See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>.</def>

<h1>Red-gum</h1>
<Xpage=<cs><col>Red admiral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful butterfly (<spn>Vanessa Atalanta</spn>) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also <altname>Atlanta butterfly</altname>, and <altname>nettle butterfly</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ant</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small ant (<spn>Myrmica molesta</spn>) which often infests houses</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A larger reddish ant (<spn>Formica sanquinea</spn>), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species.</cd> -- <col>Red antimony</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>kermesite. See <cref>Kermes mineral</cref> <sd>(b)</sd>, under <er>Kermes</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ash</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree (<spn>Fraxinus pubescens</spn>), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. <i>Cray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red bass</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Redfish</er> <sd>(d)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Red bay</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree (<spn>Persea Caroliniensis</spn>) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Red beard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bright red sponge (<spn>Microciona prolifera</spn>), common on oyster shells and stones.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Red birch</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of birch (<spn>Betula nigra</spn>) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. <i>Gray</i>.</cd> -- <col>Red blindness</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red book</col>, <cd>a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Red book of the Exchequer</col>, <cd>an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands <i>per baroniam<i> in the time of Henry II. <i>Brande & C.</i></cd> -- <col>Red brass</col>, <cd>an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc.</cd> -- <col>Red bug</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Pyrrhocoris</spn>, especially the European species (<spn>P. apterus</spn>), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>See <cref>Cotton stainder</cref>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cedar</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>An evergreen North American tree (<spn>Juniperus Virginiana</spn>) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A tree of India and Australia (<spn>Cedrela Toona</spn>) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also <altname>toon tree</altname> in India.</cd> 1203 -- <col>Red chalk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Chalk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red copper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>red oxide of copper; cuprite.</cd> -- <col>Red coral</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the precious coral (<spn>Corallium rubrum</spn>). See <i>Illusts<i>. of <er>Coral</er> and <er>Gorgonlacea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red cross</col>. <cd>The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Geneva cross</cd>. See <cref>Geneva convention</cref>, and <cref>Geneva cross</cref>, under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red currant</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red deer</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common stag (<spn>Cervus elaphus</spn>), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia.  It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The Virginia deer. See <er>Deer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red duck</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European reddish brown duck (<spn>Fuligula nyroca</spn>); -- called also <altname>ferruginous duck</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red ebony</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grenadillo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red empress</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a butterfly. See <er>Tortoise shell</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coniferous tree (<spn>Pseudotsuga Douglasii</spn>) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American <spn>Abies magnifica</spn> and <spn>A. nobilis</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Red fire</col>. <fld>(Pyrotech.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Blue fire</cref>, under <er>Fire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red flag</col>. <cd>See under <er>Flag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red fox</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common American fox (<spn>Vulpes fulvus</spn>), which is usually reddish in color.</cd> -- <col>Red grouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under <er>Ptarmigan</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Red gum</col>, <or/ <col>Red gum-tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to eight Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn> (<spn>Eucalyptus amygdalina</spn>, <spn>resinifera</spn>, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red hand</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also <cref>Badge of Ulster</cref>.</cd> -- <col>Red herring</col>, <cd>the common herring dried and smoked.</cd><-- Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- <col>Red horse</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially <spn>Moxostoma macrolepidotum</spn> and allied species</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>See the Note under <er>Drumfish</er>. -- <col>Red lead</col>. <sd>(Chem)</sd> See under <er>Lead</er>, and <er>Minium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red-lead ore</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Crocoite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red liquor</col> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld>, <cd>a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs.  Called also <altname>red mordant</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red maggot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the wheat midge.</cd> -- <col>Red manganese</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Rhodochrosite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red man</col>, <cd>one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color.</cd> -- <col>Red maple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a species of maple (<spn>Acer rubrum</spn>). See <er>Maple</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red mite</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Red spider</cref>, below.</cd> -- <col>Red mulberry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American mulberry of a dark purple color (<spn>Morus rubra</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Red mullet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the surmullet. See <er>Mullet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red ocher</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.</cd> -- <col>Red perch</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> -- <col>Red phosphorus</col>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Phosphorus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red pine</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American species of pine (<spn>Pinus resinosa</spn>); -- so named from its reddish bark.</cd> -- <col>Red precipitate</col>. <cd>See under <er>Precipitate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red Republican</col> <fld>(European Politics)</fld>, <cd>originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark> -- <col>Red ribbon</col></mcol>, <cd>the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England.</cd> -- <col>Red sanders</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Sanders</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red sandstone</col>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Sandstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Red scale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a scale insect (<spn>Aspidiotus aurantii</spn>) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia.</cd> -- <col>Red silver</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes <stype>proustite</stype>, or light red silver, and <stype>pyrargyrite</stype>, or dark red silver.</cd> -- <col>Red snapper</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large fish (<spn>Lutlanus aya <or/ Blackfordii</spn>) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs.</cd> -- <col>Red snow</col>, <cd>snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (<spn>Protococcus nivalis</spn>) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions.</cd> -- <col>Red softening</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation.</cd> -- <col>Red spider</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very small web-spinning mite (<spn>Tetranychus telarius</spn>) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also <altname>red mite</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Red squirrel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chickaree.</cd> -- <col>Red tape</col>, <cd>the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay.</cd><--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- <col>Red underwing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any species of noctuid moths belonging to <spn>Catacola</spn> and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.</cd> -- <col>Red water</col>, <cd>a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.</cd></cs>>

<hw>Red"-gum`</hw> <tt>(-g?m`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>reed gounde</ets>; AS. <ets>re\'a0d</ets> red +  <ets>gund</ets> matter, pus.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An eruption of red pimples upon the face, neck, and arms, in early infancy; tooth rash; strophulus.</def>

<i>Good.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A name of rust on grain. See <er>Rust</er>.</def>

<hr>
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<h1>Red-hand rdhnd, Red-handed</h1>
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<hw><hw>Red"-hand`</hw> <tt>(r?d"h?nd`)</tt>, <hw>Red"-hand`ed</hw> <tt>(-h?nd`?d)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a. &or; adv.</tt> <def>Having hands red with blood; in the very act, as if with red or bloody hands; -- said of a person taken in the act of homicide; hence, fresh from the commission of crime; <as>as, he was taken <ex>red-hand</ex> or <ex>red-handed</ex></as>.</def>
<-- usu. caught red-handed -->

<h1>Redhead</h1>
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<hw>Red"head`</hw> <tt>(-h?d`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A person having red hair.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An American duck (<spn>Aythya Americana</spn>) highly esteemed as a game bird. It is closely allied to the canvasback, but is smaller and its head brighter red. Called also <altname>red-headed duck</altname>. <altname>American poachard</altname>, <altname>grayback</altname>, and <altname>fall duck</altname>. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Poachard</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The red-headed woodpecker. See <er>Woodpecker</er>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of milkweed (<spn>Asclepias Curassavica</spn>) with red flowers. It is used in medicine.</def>

<h1>Redhibition</h1>
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<hw>Red`hi*bi"tion</hw> <tt>(r?d`h?*b?sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>redhibitio</ets> a taking back.]</ety> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>The annulling of a sale, and the return by the buyer of the article sold, on account of some defect.</def>

<h1>Redhibitory</h1>
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<hw>Red*hib"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(r?d*h?b"?*t?*r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>redhibitorius</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to redhibition; <as>as, a <ex>redhibitory</ex> action or fault</as>.</def>

<h1>Redhoop</h1>
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<hw>Red"hoop`</hw> <tt>(r?d"h??p`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The male of the European bullfinch.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Redhorn</h1>
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<hw>Red"horn`</hw> <tt>(-h?rn`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of a tribe of butterflies (<spn>Fugacia</spn>) including the common yellow species and the cabbage butterflies. The antenn\'91 are usually red.</def>

<h1>Red-hot</h1>
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<hw>Red"-hot`</hw> <tt>(-h?t`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Red with heat; heated to redness; <as>as, <ex>red-hot</ex> iron; <ex>red-hot</ex> balls</as>. Hence, figuratively, excited; violent; <as>as, a <ex>red-hot</ex> radical</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Redia</h1>
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<hw>Re"di*a</hw> <tt>(r?"d?*?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. L. <plw>Redi\'91</plw> (-&emac;), E. <plw>Redias</plw> <tt>(-<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[NL.; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of larva, or nurse, which is prroduced within the sporocyst of certain trematodes by asexual generation. It in turn produces, in the same way, either another generation of redi\'91, or else cercari\'91 within its own body. Called also <altname>proscolex</altname>, and <altname>nurse</altname>. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Redient</h1>
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<hw>Re"di*ent</hw> <tt>(r?"d?-<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rediens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>redire</ets> to return; pref. <ets>red-</ets>  + <ets>ire</ets> to go.]</ety> <def>Returning.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Redigest</h1>
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<hw>Re`di*gest"</hw> <tt>(r?`d?*j?st")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To digest, or reduce to form, a second time.</def>

<i>Kent</i>.

<h1>Rediminish</h1>
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<hw>Re`di*min"ish</hw> <tt>(-m?n"?sh)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To diminish again.</def>

<h1>Redingot</</h1>
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<hw>Red"in*got<?/</hw> <tt>(r?d"?n*g?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., corrupted from E. <ets>reding coat</ets>.]</ety> <def>A long plain double-breasted outside coat for women.</def>

<h1>Redintegrate</h1>
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<hw>Re*din"te*grate</hw> <tt>(r?*d?n"t?*gr?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>redintegratus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>redintegrare</ets> to restore; pref. <ets>red-</ets>, <ets>re-</ets>, re- + <ets>integrare</ets> to make whole, to renew, fr. <ets>integer</ets> whole. See <er>Integer</er>.]</ety> <def>Restored to wholeness or a perfect state; renewed.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Redintegrate</h1>
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<hw>Re*din"te*grate</hw> <tt>(-gr?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make whole again; a renew; to restore to integrity or soundness.</def>

<blockquote>The English nation seems obliterated. What could <b>redintegrate</b> us again?
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Redintegration</h1>
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<hw>Re*din`te*gra"tion</hw> <tt>(-gr?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>redintegratio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Restoration to a whole or sound state; renewal; renovation.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Restoration of a mixed body or matter to its former nature and state.</def> <mark>[Achaic.]</mark>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Psychology)</fld> <def>The law that objects which have been previously combined as part of a single mental state tend to recall or suggest one another; -- adopted by many philosophers to explain the phenomena of the association of ideas.</def>

<h1>Redirect</h1>
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<hw>Re`di*rect"</hw> <tt>(r?`d?*r?kt")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Applied to the examination of a witness, by the party calling him, after the cross-examination.</def>

<h1>Redisburse</h1>
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<hw>Re`dis*burse"</hw> <tt>(r?`d?s*b?rs")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To disburse anew; to give, or pay, back.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Rediscover</h1>
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<hw>Re`dis*cov"er</hw> <tt>(-k?v"?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To discover again.</def>

<h1>Redispose</h1>
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<hw>Re`dis*pose"</hw> <tt>(-p?z")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dispose anew or again; to readjust; to rearrange.</def>

<i>A. Baxter.</i>

<h1>Redisseize</h1>
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<hw>Re`dis*seize"</hw> <tt>(-s?z")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To disseize anew, or a second time.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>redisseise</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Redisseizin</h1>
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<hw>Re`dis*sei"zin</hw> <tt>(-s?"z?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A disseizin by one who once before was adjudged to have dassezed the same person of the same lands, etc.; also, a writ which lay in such a case.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Redisseizor</h1>
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<hw>Re`dis*sei"zor</hw> <tt>(-z?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who redisseizes.</def>

<h1>Redissolve</h1>
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<hw>Re`dis*solve"</hw> <tt>(r?`d?z*z?lv")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To dissolve again.</def>

<h1>Redistill</h1>
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<hw>Re`dis*till"</hw> <tt>(r?`d?s*t?l")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To distill again.</def>

<h1>Redistrainer</h1>
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<hw>Re`dis*train"er</hw> <tt>(-tr?n"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who distrains again.</def>

<h1>Redistribute</h1>
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<hw>Re`dis*trib"ute</hw> <tt>(-tr?b"?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To distribute again.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*dis`tri*bu"tion</wf> <tt>(-tr<?/*b<?/"sh<?/n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Redistrict</h1>
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<hw>Re*dis"trict</hw> <tt>(-tr?kt)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To divide into new districts.</def>

<h1>Redition</h1>
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<hw>Re*di"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*d?sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reditio</ets>, fr. <ets>redire</ets>. See <er>Redient</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of returning; return.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Redivide</h1>
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<hw>Re`di*vide"</hw> <tt>(r?`d?*v?d")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To divide anew.</def>

<h1>Redleg rdlg, Redlegs</h1>
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<hw><hw>Red"leg`</hw> <tt>(r?d"l?g`)</tt>, <hw>Red`legs`</hw> <tt>(-l?gz`)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The redshank.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The turnstone.</def>

<h1>Red-letter</h1>
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<hw>Red"-let`ter</hw> <tt>(-l?t`t?r)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a red letter; marked by red letters.</def>

<cs><col>Red-letter day</col>, <cd>a day that is fortunate or auspicious; -- so called in allusion to the custom of marking holy days, or saints' days, in the old calendars with red letters.</cd></cs>

<h1>Redly</h1>
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<hw>Red"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a red manner; with redness.</def>

<h1>Redmouth</h1>
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<hw>Red"mouth`</hw> <tt>(-mouth`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of marine food fishes of the genus <spn>Diabasis</spn>, or <tt>H\'91mulon</tt>, of the Southern United States, having the inside of the mouth bright red. Called also <altname>flannelmouth</altname>, and <altname>grunt</altname>.</def>

<h1>Redness</h1>
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<hw>Red"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>r<?/dness</ets>. See <er>Red</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being red; red color.</def>

<h1>Redolence rdl<it>e</it>ns, Redolency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Red"o*lence</hw> <tt>(r?d"?*l<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <hw>Red"o*len*cy</hw> <tt>(-l<it>e</it>n*s?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being redolent; sweetness of scent; pleasant odor; fragrance.</def>

<h1>Redolent</h1>
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<hw>Red"o*lent</hw> <tt>(-l<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>redolens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>redolere</ets> to emit a scent, diffuse an odor; pref. <ets>red-</ets>, <ets>re-</ets>, re- + <ets>olere</ets> to emit a smell. See <er>Odor</er>.]</ety> <def>Diffusing odor or fragrance; spreading sweet scent; scented; odorous; smelling; -- usually followed by <i>of</i>.</def>  "Honey <i>redolent</i> of spring." <i>Dryden</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Red"o*lent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Gales . . . <b>redolent</b> of joy and youth.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Redouble</h1>
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<hw>Re*dou"ble</hw> <tt>(r?*d?b"'l)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + double</ets>: cf. F. <ets>redoubler</ets>. Cf. <er>Reduplicate</er>.]</ety> <def>To double again or repeatedly; to increase by continued or repeated additions; to augment greatly; to multiply.</def>

<blockquote>So they
Doubly <b>redoubled</b> strokes upon the foe.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<-- v. t. 2. (Contract bridge) To bid a redouble.

   <tt>n.</tt> An optional bid made by the side currently holding the highest bid for the contract, after the opposing side has doubled.  This bid increases the score for successfully making the contract, and increases the penalties for failing.  The score or penalty depends on the number of tricks over or under the contract, according to a defined schedule, and depending on the vulnerability of the side attempting the contract. -->

<h1>Redouble</h1>
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<hw>Re*dou"ble</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become greatly or repeatedly increased; to be multiplied; to be greatly augmented; <as>as, the noise <ex>redoubles</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Redoubt</h1>
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<hw>Re*doubt"</hw> <tt>(r?*dout")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>redoute</ets>, fem., It. <ets>ridotto</ets>, LL. <ets>reductus</ets>, literally, a retreat, from L. <ets>reductus</ets> drawn back, retired, p. p. of <ets>reducere</ets> to lead or draw back; cf. F. <ets>r\'82duit</ets>, also fr. LL. <ets>reductus</ets>. See <er>Reduce</er>, and cf. <er>Reduct</er>, <er>R<?/duit</er>, <er>Ridotto</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small, and usually a roughly constructed, fort or outwork of varying shape, commonly erected for a temporary purpose, and without flanking defenses, -- used esp. in fortifying tops of hills and passes, and positions in hostile territory.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In permanent works, an outwork placed within another outwork. See <i>F</i> and <i>i</i> in <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Ravelin</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>redout</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Redoubt</h1>
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<hw>Re*doubt"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>redouter</ets>, formerly also spelt <ets>redoubter</ets>; fr. L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>dubitare</ets> to doubt, in LL., to fear. See <er>Doubt</er>.]</ety> <def>To stand in dread of; to regard with fear; to dread.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Redoubtable</h1>
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<hw>Re*doubt"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>redoutable</ets>, formerly also spelt <ets>redoubtable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formidable; dread; terrible to foes; <as>as, a <ex>redoubtable</ex> hero</as>; hence, valiant; -- often in contempt or burlesque.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>redoutable</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Redoubted</h1>
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<hw>Re*doubt"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formidable; dread.</def> "Some <i>redoubled</i> knight."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Lord regent, and <b>redoubted</b> Burgandy.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Redoubting</h1>
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<hw>Re*doubt"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reverence; honor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In <b>redoutyng</b> of Mars and of his glory.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Redound</h1>
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<hw>Re*dound"</hw> <tt>(r?*dound")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Redounded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Redounding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>redonder</ets>, L. <ets>redundare</ets>; pref. <ets>red</ets>-, <ets>re-</ets>, re- + <ets>undare</ets> to rise in waves or surges, fr. <ets>unda</ets> a wave. See <er>Undulate</er>, and cf. <er>Redundant</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To roll back, as a wave or flood; to be sent or driven back; to flow back, as a consequence or effect; to conduce; to contribute; to result.</def>

<blockquote>The evil, soon
Driven back, <b>redounded</b> as a flood on those
From whom it sprung.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The honor done to our religion ultimately <b>redounds</b> to God, the author of it.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote> both . . . will devour great quantities of paper, there will no small use <b>redound</b> from them to that manufacture.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be in excess; to remain over and above; to be redundant; to overflow.</def>

<blockquote>For every dram of honey therein found,
A pound of gall doth over it <b>redound</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Redound</h1>
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<hw>Re*dound"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The coming back, as of consequence or effect; result; return; requital.</def>

<blockquote>We give you welcome; not without <b>redound</b>
Of use and glory to yourselves ye come.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rebound; reverberation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Codrington.</i>

<h1>Redowa</h1>
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<hw>Red"ow*a</hw> <tt>(r?d"?*?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. Bohemian.]</ety> <def>A Bohemian dance of two kinds, one in triple time, like a waltz, the other in two-four time, like a polka. The former is most in use.</def>

<h1>Redpole</h1>
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<hw>Red"pole`</hw> <tt>(r?d"p?l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Redpoll</er>.</def>

<h1>Redpoll</h1>
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<hw>Red"poll`</hw> <tt>(-p?l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any one of several species of small northern finches of the genus <spn>Acanthis</spn> (formerly <spn>\'92giothus</spn>), native of Europe and America. The adults have the crown red or rosy. The male of the most common species  (<spn>A. linarius</spn>) has also the breast and rump rosy. Called also <altname>redpoll linnet</altname>. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Linnet</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The common European linnet.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The American redpoll warbler (<spn>Dendroica palmarum</spn>).</def>

<h1>Redraft</h1>
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<hw>Re*draft"</hw> <tt>(r&emac;*dr&adot;ft")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To draft or draw anew.</def>

<h1>Redraft</h1>
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<hw>Re*draft"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A second draft or copy.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A new bill of exchange which the holder of a protected bill draws on the drawer or indorsers, in order to recover the amount of the protested bill with costs and charges.</def>

<h1>Redraw</h1>
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<hw>Re*draw"</hw> <tt>(r?*dr?")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Redrew</er> <tt>(-dr?")</tt>;<tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Redrawn</er> <tt>(-dr\'b5n")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Redrawing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To draw again; to make a second draft or copy of; to redraft.</def>

<h1>Redraw</h1>
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<hw>Re*draw"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To draw a new bill of exchange, as the holder of a protested bill, on the drawer or indorsers.</def>

<h1>Redress</h1>
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<hw>Re*dress"</hw> <tt>(r?*dr?s")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + dress</ets>.]</ety> <def>To dress again.</def>

<h1>Redress</h1>
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<hw>Re*dress"</hw> <tt>(r?*dr?s")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>redresser</ets> to straighten; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>dresser</ets> to raise, arrange. See <er>Dress.</er>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To put in order again; to set right; to emend; to revise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The common profit could she <b>redress</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In yonder spring of roses intermixed
With myrtle, find what to <b>redress</b> till noon.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Your wish that I should <b>redress</b> a certain paper which you had prepared.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To set right, as a wrong; to repair, as an injury; to make amends for; to remedy; to relieve from.</def>

<blockquote>Those wrongs, those bitter injuries, . . .
I doubt not but with honor to <b>redress</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make amends or compensation to; to relieve of anything unjust or oppressive; to bestow relief upon.</def> "'T is thine, O king! the afflicted to <i>redress</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>Will Gaul or Muscovite <b>redress ye</b>?
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Redress</h1>
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<hw>Re*dress"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of redressing; a making right; reformation; correction; amendment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Reformation of evil laws is commendable, but for us the more necessary is a speedy <b>redress</b> of ourselves.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A setting right, as of wrong, injury, or opression; <as>as, the <ex>redress</ex> of grievances</as>; hence, relief; remedy; reparation; indemnification.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>A few may complain without reason; but there is occasion for <b>redress</b> when the cry is universal.
<i>Davenant.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who, or that which, gives relief; a redresser.</def>

<blockquote>Fair majesty, the refuge and <b>redress</b>
Of those whom fate pursues and wants oppress.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Redressal</h1>
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<hw>Re*dress"al</hw> <tt>(r?*dr?s"<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Redress.</def>

<h1>Redresser</h1>
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<hw>Re*dress"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who redresses.</def>

<h1>Redressible</h1>
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<hw>Re*dress"i*ble</hw> <tt>(-?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Such as may be redressed.</def>

<h1>Redressive</h1>
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<hw>Re*dress"ive</hw> <tt>(-?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to redress.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Redressless</h1>
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<hw>Re*dress"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not having redress; such as can not be redressed; irremediable.</def>

<i>Sherwood.</i>

<h1>Redressment</h1>
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<hw>Re*dress"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>redressement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of redressing; redress.</def>

<i>Jefferson.</i>

<h1>Red-riband</h1>
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<hw>Red"-rib`and</hw> <tt>(r?d"r?b`<it>a</it>nd)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European red band fish, or fireflame. See <er>Rend fish</er>.</def>

<h1>Redroot</h1>
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<hw>Red"root`</hw> <tt>(r?d"r?t`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name of several plants having red roots, as the New Jersey tea (see under <er>Tea</er>), the gromwell, the bloodroot, and the <i>Lachnanthes tinctoria</i>, an endogenous plant found in sandy swamps from Rhode Island to Florida.</def>

<h1>Redsear</h1>
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<hw>Red`sear"</hw> <tt>(r?d`s?r")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be brittle when red-hot; to be red-short.</def>

<i>Moxon.</i>

<h1>Redshank</h1>
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<hw>Red"shank`</hw> <tt>(r?d"sh?nk`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A common Old World limicoline bird (<spn>Totanus calidris</spn>), having the legs and feet pale red. The spotted redshank (<spn>T. fuscus</spn>) is larger, and has orange-red legs. Called also <altname>redshanks</altname>, <altname>redleg</altname>, and <altname>clee</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The fieldfare.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A bare-legged person; -- a contemptuous appellation formerly given to the Scotch Highlanders, in allusion to their bare legs.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Red-short</h1>
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<hw>Red"-short`</hw> <tt>(-sh?rt`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>Hot-short; brittle when red-hot; -- said of certain kinds of iron.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Red"-short`ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Redskin</h1>
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<hw>Red"skin`</hw> <tt>(-sk?n`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A common appellation for a North American Indian; -- so called from the color of the skin.</def>

<i>Cooper.</i>

<-- 2. (Football) A member of the Washington Redskins. -->

<h1>Redstart</h1>
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<hw>Red"start`</hw> <tt>(-st?rt`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Red</ets> + <ets>start</ets> tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small, handsome European singing bird (<spn>Ruticilla ph\'d2nicurus</spn>), allied to the nightingale; -- called also <altname>redtail</altname>, <altname>brantail</altname>, <altname>fireflirt</altname>, <altname>firetail</altname>. The black redstart is <spn>P.tithys</spn>.  The name is also applied to several other species of <spn>Ruticilla</spn> amnd allied genera, native of India.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An American fly-catching warbler (<spn>Setophaga ruticilla</spn>). The male is black, with large patches of orange-red on the sides, wings, and tail. The female is olive, with yellow patches.</def>

<h1>Redstreak</h1>
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<hw>Red"streak`</hw> <tt>(-str?k`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A kind of apple having the skin streaked with red and yellow, -- a favorite English cider apple.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cider pressed from redstreak apples.</def>

<h1>Redtail</h1>
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<hw>Red"tail`</hw> <tt>(-t?l`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The red-tailed hawk.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The European redstart.</def>

<h1>Red-tailed</h1>
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<hw>Red"-tailed`</hw> <tt>(-t?ld`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a red tail.</def>

<cs><col>Red-tailed hawk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large North American hawk (<spn>Buteo borealis</spn>). When adult its tail is chestnut red. Called also <altname>hen hawck</altname>, and <altname>red-tailed buzzard</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Red-tape</h1>
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<hw>Red"-tape`</hw> <tt>(-t?p`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, official formality. See <cref>Red tape</cref>, under <er>Red</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Red-tapism</h1>
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<hw>Red`-tap"ism</hw> <tt>(r?d`t?p"?z'm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Strict adherence to official formalities.</def>

<i>J. C. Shairp.</i>

<h1>Red-tapist</h1>
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<hw>Red`-tap"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is tenacious of a strict adherence to official formalities.</def>

<i>Ld. Lytton.</i>

<h1>Redthroat</h1>
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<hw>Red"throat`</hw> <tt>(r?d"thr?t`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small Australian singing bird (<spn>Phyrrhol\'91mus brunneus</spn>). The upper parts are brown, the center of the throat red.</def>

<h1>Redtop</h1>
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<hw>Red"top`</hw> <tt>(-t?p`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of grass (<spn>Agrostis vulgaris</spn>) highly valued in the United States for pasturage and hay for cattle; -- called also <altname>English grass</altname>, and in some localities <altname>herd's grass</altname>. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix. The tall redtop is <spn>Triodia seslerioides</spn>.</def>

<h1>Redub</h1>
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<hw>Re*dub"</hw> <tt>(r?*d?b")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>radouber</ets> to refit or repair.]</ety> <def>To refit; to repair, or make reparation for; hence, to repay or requite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It shall be good that you <b>redub</b> that negligence.
<i>Wyatt.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>God shall give power to <b>redub it with some like requital to the French</b>.
<i>Grafton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reduce</h1>
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<hw>Re*duce"</hw> <tt>(r&esl;*d&umac;s")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reduced</er> <tt>(-d&umac;st")</tt>,; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reducing</er> <tt>(-d&umac;"s&icr;ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>reducere</ets>, <ets>reductum</ets>; pref. <ets>red-</ets>. <ets>re-</ets>, re- +  <ets>ducere</ets> to lead. See <er>Duke</er>, and cf. <er>Redoubt</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring or lead back to any former place or condition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And to his brother's house <b>reduced</b> his wife.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The sheep must of necessity be scattered, unless the great Shephered of souls oppose, or some of his delegates <b>reduce</b> and direct us.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring to any inferior state, with respect to rank, size, quantity, quality, value, etc.; to diminish; to lower; to degrade; to impair; <as>as, to <ex>reduce</ex> a sergeant to the ranks; to <ex>reduce</ex> a drawing; to <ex>reduce</ex> expenses; to <ex>reduce</ex> the intensity of heat</as>.</def> "An ancient but <i>reduced</i> family."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<blockquote>Nothing so excellent but a man may fasten upon something belonging to it, to <b>reduce</b> it.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Having <b>reduced</b>
Their foe to misery beneath their fears.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hester Prynne was shocked at the condition to which she found the clergyman <b>reduced</b>.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bring to terms; to humble; to conquer; to subdue; to capture; <as>as, to <ex>reduce</ex> a province or a fort</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="1205">
Page 1205<p>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To bring to a certain state or condition by grinding, pounding, kneading, rubbing, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>reduce</ex> a substance to powder, or to a pasty mass; to <ex>reduce</ex> fruit, wood, or paper rags, to pulp.</as></def>

<blockquote>It were but right
And equal to <b>reduce</b> me to my dust.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To bring into a certain order, arrangement, classification, etc.; to bring under rules or within certain limits of descriptions and terms adapted to use in computation; <as>as, to <ex>reduce</ex> animals or vegetables to a class or classes; to <ex>reduce</ex> a series of observations in astronomy; to <ex>reduce</ex> language to rules.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To change, as numbers, from one denomination into another without altering their value, or from one denomination into others of the same value; <as>as, to <ex>reduce</ex> pounds, shillings, and pence to pence, or to <ex>reduce</ex> pence to pounds; to <ex>reduce</ex> days and hours to minutes, or minutes to days and hours.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To change the form of a quantity or expression without altering its value; <as>as, to <ex>reduce</ex> fractions to their lowest terms, to a common denominator, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To bring to the metallic state by separating from impurities; hence, in general, to remove oxygen from; to deoxidize; to combine with, or to subject to the action of, hydrogen; <as>as, ferric iron is <ex>reduced</ex> to ferrous iron; or metals are <ex>reduced</ex> from their ores</as>; -- opposed to <ant>oxidize</ant>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To restore to its proper place or condition, as a displaced organ or part; <as>as, to <ex>reduce</ex> a dislocation, a fracture, or a hernia</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Reduced iron</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>metallic iron obtained through deoxidation of an oxide of iron by exposure to a current of hydrogen or other reducing agent. When hydrogen is used the product is called also <stype>iron by hydrogen</stype>.</cd> -- <col>To reduce an equation</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>to bring the unknown quantity by itself on one side, and all the known quantities on the other side, without destroying the equation.</cd> -- <col>To reduce an expression</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>to obtain an equivalent expression of simpler form.</cd> -- <col>To reduce a square</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>to reform the line or column from the square.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To diminish; lessen; decrease; abate; shorten; curtail; impair; lower; subject; subdue; subjugate; conquer.</syn>

<h1>Reducement</h1>
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<hw>Re*duce"ment</hw> <tt>(r?*d?s"m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reduction.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Reducent</h1>
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<hw>Re*du"cent</hw> <tt>(r?*d?"s<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reducens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>reducere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to reduce.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A reducent agent.</def></def2>

<h1>Reducer</h1>
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<hw>Re*du"cer</hw> <tt>(-s?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, reduces.</def>

<h1>Reducible</h1>
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<hw>Re*du"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(-s?*b'll)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being reduced.</def>

<h1>Reducibleness</h1>
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<hw>Re*du"ci*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality of being reducible.</def>

<h1>Reducing</h1>
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<hw>Re*du"cing</hw> <tt>(r?*d?"s?ng)</tt>, <def><tt>a & n.</tt> from <er>Reduce</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Reducing furnace</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a furnace for reducing ores.</cd> -- <col>Reducing pipe fitting</col>, <cd>a pipe fitting, as a coupling, an elbow, a tee, etc., for connecting a large pipe with a smaller one.</cd> -- <col>Reducing valve</col>, <cd>a device for automatically maintaining a diminished pressure of steam, air, gas, etc., in a pipe, or other receiver, which is fed from a boiler or pipe in which the pressure is higher than is desired in the receiver.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reduct</h1>
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<hw>Re*duct"</hw> <tt>(r?*d?kt")</tt>, <tt>v. t..</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>reductus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reducere</ets>. See <er>Reduce</er>.]</ety> <def>To reduce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Warde.</i>

<h1>Reductibility</h1>
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<hw>Re*duc`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(r?*d?k`t?*b?l"?*t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being reducible; reducibleness.</def>

<h1>Reduction</h1>
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<hw>Re*duc"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*d?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82duction</ets>, L.  <ets>reductio</ets>. See <er>Reduce</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reducing, or state of being reduced; conversion to a given state or condition; diminution; conquest; <as>as, the <ex>reduction</ex> of a body to powder; the <ex>reduction</ex> of things to order; the <ex>reduction</ex> of the expenses of government; the <ex>reduction</ex> of a rebellious province.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arith. & Alq.)</fld> <def>The act or process of reducing. See <er>Reduce</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, 6. and <cref>To reduce an equation</cref>, <cref>To reduce an expression</cref>, under <er>Reduce</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The correction of observations for known errors of instruments, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The preparation of the facts and measurements of observations in order to deduce a general result.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The process of making a copy of something, as a figure, design, or draught, on a smaller scale, preserving the proper proportions.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The bringing of a syllogism in one of the so-called imperfect modes into a mode in the first figure.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Chem. & Metal.)</fld> <def>The act, process, or result of reducing; <as>as, the <ex>reduction</ex> of iron from its ores; the <ex>reduction</ex> of aldehyde from alcohol</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The operation of restoring a dislocated or fractured part to its former place.</def>

<cs><col>Reduction ascending</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>the operation of changing numbers of a lower into others of a higher denomination, as cents to dollars.</cd> -- <col>Reduction descending</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>the operation of changing numbers of a higher into others of a lower denomination, as dollars to cents.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Diminution; decrease; abatement; curtailment; subjugation; conquest; subjection.</syn>

<h1>Reductive</h1>
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<hw>Re*duc"tive</hw> <tt>(-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82ductif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to reduce; having the power or effect of reducing.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A reductive agent.</def></def2>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Reductively</h1>
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<hw>Re*duc"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By reduction; by consequence.</def>

<h1>R\'82duit</h1>
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<hw>R\'82`duit"</hw> <tt>(r?`dw?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Redoubt</er>, <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A central or retired work within any other work.</def>

<h1>Redundance rdnd<it>a</it>ns, Redundancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Re*dun"dance</hw> <tt>(r?*d?n"d<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <hw>Re*dun"dan*cy</hw> <tt>(-d<it>a</it>n*s?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>redundantia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>redondance</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being redundant; superfluity; superabundance; excess.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is redundant or in excess; anything superfluous or superabundant.</def>

<blockquote>Labor . . . throws off <b>redundacies</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Surplusage inserted in a pleading which may be rejected by the court without impairing the validity of what remains.</def>

<h1>Redundant</h1>
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<hw>Re*dun"dant</hw> <tt>(-d<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>redundans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>redundare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>redondant</ets>. See <er>Redound</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exceeding what is natural or necessary; superabundant; exuberant; <as>as, a <ex>redundant</ex> quantity of bile or food</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Notwithstanding the <b>redundant</b> oil in fishes, they do not increase fat so much as flesh.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Using more worrds or images than are necessary or useful; pleonastic.</def>

<blockquote>Where an suthor is <b>redundant</b>, mark those paragraphs to be retrenched.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Superfluous; superabundant; excessive; exuberant; overflowing; plentiful; copious.</syn>

<h1>Redundantly</h1>
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<hw>Re*dun"dant*ly</hw> <tt>(r?*d?n"d<it>a</it>nt*l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a refundant manner.</def>

<h1>Reduplicate</h1>
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<hw>Re*du"pli*cate</hw> <tt>(r?*d?"pl?*k?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + duplicate</ets>: cf. L. <ets>reduplicatus</ets>. Cf. <er>Redouble</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Double; doubled; reduplicative; repeated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Valvate with the margins curved outwardly; -- said of the <?/stivation of certain flowers.</def>

<h1>Reduplicate</h1>
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<hw>Re*du"pli*cate</hw> <tt>(-k?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>reduplicare</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To redouble; to multiply; to repeat.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To repeat the first letter or letters of (a word). See <er>Reduplication</er>,<er>3</er>.</def>

<h1>Reduplication</h1>
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<hw>Re*du`pli*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(-k?sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82duplication</ets>, L. <ets>reduplicatio</ets> repetition.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of doubling, or the state of being doubled.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>(Pros.) A figure in which the first word of a verse is the same as the last word of the preceding verse.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>The doubling of a stem or syllable (more or less modified), with the effect of changing the time expressed, intensifying the meaning, or making the word more imitative; also, the syllable thus added; <as>as, L</as>. <i>te</i>tuli; <i>po</i>posci.</def>

<h1>Reduplica-tive</h1>
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<hw>Re*du"pli*ca-tive</hw> <tt>(-k?*t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82duplicatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Double; formed by reduplication; reduplicate.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<h1>Reduvid</h1>
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<hw>Red"u*vid</hw> <tt>(r?d"?*v?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reduvia</ets> a hangnail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Redivius</spn>, or family <spn>Reduvid\'91</spn>. They live by sucking the blood of other insects, and some species also attack man.</def>

<h1>Redweed</h1>
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<hw>Red"weed`</hw> <tt>(r&ecr;d"w&emac;d`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The red poppy (<spn>Papaver Rh\'d2as</i>).</def>

<i>Dr. Prior.</i>

<h1>Redwing</h1>
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<hw>Red"wing`</hw> <tt>(-w?ng`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European thrush (<spn>Turdus iliacus</spn>). Its under wing coverts are orange red. Called also <altname>redwinged thrush</altname>. <sd>(b)</sd> A North American passerine bird (<spn>Agelarius ph&oe;niceus</spn>) of the family <spn>Icterid\'91</spn>. The male is black, with a conspicuous patch of bright red, bordered with orange, on each wing. Called also <altname>redwinged blackbird</altname>, <altname>red-winged troupial</altname>, <altname>marsh blackbird</altname>, and <altname>swamp blackbird</altname>.</def>

<h1>Redwithe</h1>
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<hw>Red"withe`</hw> <tt>(r?d"w?th`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A west Indian climbing shrub (<spn>Combretum Jacquini</spn>) with slender reddish branchlets.</def>

<h1>Redwood</h1>
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<hw>Red"wood`</hw> <tt>(-w&oocr;d`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A gigantic coniferous tree (<spn>Sequoia sempervirens</spn>) of California, and its light and durable reddish timber. See <er>Sequoia</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An East Indian dyewood, obtained from <spn>Pterocarpus santalinus</spn>, <spn>C\'91salpinia Sappan</spn>, and several other trees.</def>

<note>&hand; The redwood of Andaman is <spn>Pterocarpus dalbergioides</spn>; that of some parts of tropical America, several species of <spn>Erythoxylum</spn>; that of Brazil, the species of <spn>Humirium</spn>.</note>

<h1>Ree</h1>
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<hw>Ree</hw> <tt>(r&emac;)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg. <ets>real</ets>, pl. <ets>reis</ets>. See <er>Real</er> the money.]</ety> <def>See <er>Rei</er>.</def>

<h1>Ree</h1>
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<hw>Ree</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Prov. G. <ets>r<?/den</ets>, <ets>raden</ets>, <ets>raiten</ets>. Cf. <er>Riddle</er> a sieve.]</ety> <def>To riddle; to sift; to separate or throw off.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Reebok</h1>
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<hw>Ree"bok`</hw> <tt>(r?"b?k`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D., literally, roebuck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The peele.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rehboc</asp> and <asp>rheeboc</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Re</cho</h1>
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<hw>Re*<?/ch"o</hw> <tt>(r?*?k"?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To echo back; to reverberate again; <as>as, the hills <ex>re\'89cho</ex> the roar of cannon</as>.</def>

<h1>Re\'89cho</h1>
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<hw>Re*\'89ch"o</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To give echoes; to return back, or be reverberated, as an echo; to resound; to be resonant.</def>

<blockquote>And a loud groan <b>re\'89choes</b> from the main.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Re\'89cho</h1>
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<hw>Re*\'89ch"o</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The echo of an echo; a repeated or second echo.</def>

<h1>Reechy</h1>
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<hw>Reech"y</hw> <tt>(r?ch"?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Reeky</er>.]</ety> <def>Smoky; reeky; hence, begrimed with dirt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reed</h1>
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<hw>Reed</hw> <tt>(r?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Red.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Reed</h1>
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<hw>Reed</hw>, <tt>v. & n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Rede</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Reed</h1>
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<hw>Reed</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The fourth stomach of a ruminant; rennet.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. or Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Reed</h1>
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<hw>Reed</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hre<?/d</ets>; akin to D. <ets>riet</ets>, G. <ets>riet</ets>, <ets>ried</ets>, OHG. <ets>kriot</ets>, <ets>riot</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to many tall and coarse grasses or grasslike plants, and their slender, often jointed, stems, such as the various kinds of bamboo, and especially the common reed of Europe and North America (<spn>Phragmites communis</spn>).</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A musical instrument made of the hollow joint of some plant; a rustic or pastoral pipe.</def>

<blockquote>Arcadian pipe, the pastoral <b>reed</b>
Of Hermes.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An arrow, as made of a reed.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Straw prepared for thatching a roof.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small piece of cane or wood attached to the mouthpiece of certain instruments, and set in vibration by the breath. In the clarinet it is a single fiat reed; in the oboe and bassoon it is double, forming a compressed tube.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the thin pieces of metal, the vibration of which produce the tones of a melodeon, accordeon, harmonium, or seraphine; also attached to certain sets or registers of pipes in an organ.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A frame having parallel flat stripe of metal or reed, between which the warp threads pass, set in the swinging lathe or batten of a loom for beating up the weft; a sley. See <er>Batten</er>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A tube containing the train of powder for igniting the charge in blasting.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Reeding</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Egyptian reed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the papyrus.</cd> -- <col>Free reed</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a reed whose edges do not overlap the wind passage, -- used in the harmonium, concertina, etc. It is distinguished from the <i>beating<i> or <i>striking reed<i> of the organ and clarinet.</cd> -- <col>Meadow reed grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the <spn>Glyceria aquatica</spn>, a tall grass found in wet places.</cd> -- <col>Reed babbler</col>. <cd>See <er>Reedbird</er>.</cd> -- <col>Reed bunting</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>A European sparrow (<spn>Emberiza sch&oe;niclus</spn>) which frequents marshy places; -- called also <altname>reed sparrow</altname>, <altname>ring bunting</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Reedling.</cd> -- <col>Reed canary grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tall wild grass (<spn>Phalaris arundinacea</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Reed grass</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The common reed</cd>. See <er>Reed</er>, 1. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A plant of the genus <spn>Sparganium</spn>; bur reed. See under <er>Bur</er>.</cd> -- <col>Reed organ</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>an organ in which the wind acts on a set of free reeds, as the harmonium, melodeon, concertina, etc.</cd> -- <col>Reed pipe</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a pipe of an organ furnished with a reed.</cd> -- <col>Reed sparrow</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Reed bunting</cref>, above.</cd> -- <col>Reed stop</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a set of pipes in an organ furnished with reeds.</cd> -- <col>Reed warbler</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A small European warbler (<spn>Acrocephalus streperus</spn>); -- called also <altname>reed wren</altname>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Any one of several species of Indian and Australian warblers of the genera <spn>Acrocephalus</spn>, <spn>Calamoherpe</spn>, and <spn>Arundinax</spn>. They are excellent singers.</cd> -- <col>Sea-sand reed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of coarse grass (<spn>Ammophila arundinacea</spn>). See <cref>Beach grass</cref>, under <er>Beach</er>.</cd> -- <col>Wood reed grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tall, elegant grass (<spn>Cinna arundinacea</spn>), common in moist woods.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reedbird</h1>
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<hw>Reed"bird`</hw> <tt>(r?d"b?rd`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bobolink.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of several small Asiatic singing birds of the genera <spn>Sch&oe;nicola</spn> and <spn>Eurycercus</spn>; -- called also <altname>reed babbler</altname>.</def>
<h1>Reedbuck</h1>
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<hw>Reed"buck"</hw> <tt>(-b?k`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Rietboc</er>.</def>

<h1>Reeded</h1>
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<hw>Reed"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Civered with reeds; reedy.</def>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formed with channels and ridges like reeds.</def>

<h1>Reeden</h1>
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<hw>Reed"en</hw> <tt>(r?d"'n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of a reed or reeds.</def>

<blockquote>Through <b>reeden</b> pipes convey the golden flood.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Re\'89dification</h1>
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<hw>Re*\'89d`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*?d`?*f?*k?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82\'82dification</ets>. See <er>Re\'89dify</er>.]</ety> <def>The act re\'89difying; the state of being re\'89dified.</def>

<h1>Re\'89dify</h1>
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<hw>Re*\'89d"i*fy</hw> <tt>(r?*?d"?*ff?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + edify</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82\'82difier</ets>, L. <ets>reaedificare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To edify anew; to build again after destruction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Reeding</h1>
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<hw>Reed"ing</hw> <tt>(r?d"?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From 4th <er>Reed</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small convex molding; a reed (see <i>Illust</i>. <sd>(i)</sd> of <er>Molding</er>); one of several set close together to decorate a surface; also, decoration by means of reedings; -- the reverse of <i>fluting</i>.</def>

<note>&hand; Several <i>reedings</i> are often placed together, parallel to each other, either projecting from, or inserted into, the adjining surface. The decoration so produced is then called, in general, <i>reeding</i>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The nurling on the edge of a coin; -- commonly called <i>milling</i>.</def>

<h1>Reedless</h1>
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<hw>Reed"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of reeds; <as>as, <ex>reedless</ex> banks</as>.</def>

<h1>Reedling</h1>
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<hw>Reed"ling</hw> <tt>(-l?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European bearded titmouse (<spn>Panurus biarmicus</spn>); -- called also <altname>reed bunting</altname>, <altname>bearded pinnock</altname>, and <altname>lesser butcher bird</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; It is orange brown, marked with black, white, and yellow on the wings. The male has a tuft of black feathers on each side of the face.</note>

<h1>Reed-mace</h1>
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<hw>Reed"-mace`</hw> <tt>(-m?s`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The cat-tail.</def>

<h1>Reedwork</h1>
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<hw>Reed"work`</hw> <tt>(-w?rk`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A collective name for the reed stops of an organ.</def>

<h1>Reedy</h1>
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<hw>Reed"y</hw> <tt>(-?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abounding with reeds; covered with reeds.</def> "A <i>reedy</i> pool."

<i>Thomson .</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the quality of reed in tone, that is, <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ and thin^ as some voices.</def>

<h1>Reef</h1>
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<hw>Reef</hw> <tt>(r?f)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>rif</ets>, G. <ets>riff</ets>, Icel. <ets>rif</ets>, Dan. <ets>rev</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>rifa</ets> rift, rent, fissure, <ets>rifa</ets> to rive, bear. Cf. <er>Rift</er>, <er>Rive</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A chain or range of rocks lying at or near the surface of the water. See <cref>Coral reefs</cref>, under <er>Coral</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining.)</fld> <def>A large vein of auriferous quartz; -- so called in Australia. Hence, any body of rock yielding valuable ore.</def>

<cs><col>Reef builder</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any stony coral which contributes material to the formation of coral reefs.</cd> -- <col>Reef heron</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any heron of the genus <spn>Demigretta</spn>; <as>as, the blue <ex>reef heron<ex> (<spn>D.jugularis</spn>) of Australia</as>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reef</h1>
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<hw>Reef</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to D. <ets>reef</ets>, G. <ets>reff</ets>, Sw. <ets>ref</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>rif</ets> reef, <ets>rifa</ets> to basten together. Cf. <er>Reeve</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, <er>River</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>That part of a sail which is taken in or let out by means of the reef points, in order to adapt the size of the sail to the force of the wind.</def>

<note>&hand; From the head to the first reef-band, in square sails, is termed the <i>first reef</i>; from this to the next is the <i>second reef</i>; and so on. In fore-and-aft sails, which reef on the foot, the first reef is the lowest part.</note>

<i>Totten.</i>

<cs><col>Close reef</col>, <cd>the last reef that can be put in.</cd> -- <col>Reef band</col>. <cd>See <er>Reef-band</er> in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Reef knot</col>, <cd>the knot which is used in tying reef pointss. See <i>Illust<i>. under <er>Knot</er>.</cd> -- <col>Reef line</col>, <cd>a small rope formerly used to reef the courses by being passed spirally round the yard and through the holes of the reef. <i>Totten</i>.</cd> -- <col>Reef pioints</col>, <cd>pieces of small rope passing through the eyelet holes of a reef-band, and used reefing the sail.</cd> -- <col>Reef tackle</col>, <cd>a tackle by which the reef cringles, or rings, of a sail are hauled up to the yard for reefing. <i>Totten</i>.</cd> -- <col>To take a reef in</col>, <cd>to reduce the size of (a sail) by folding or rolling up a reef, and lashing it to the spar.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reef</h1>
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<hw>Reef</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reefed</er> <tt>(r\'c7ft)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reefing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To reduce the extent of (as a sail) by roiling or folding a certain portion of it and making it fast to the yard or spar.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<cs><col>To reef the paddles</col>, <cd>to move the floats of a paddle wheel toward its center so that they will not dip so deeply.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="1206">
Page 1206<p>

<h1>Reef-band</h1>
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<hw>Reef"-band`</hw> <tt>(r?f"b?nd`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of canvas sewed across a sail to strengthen it in the part where the eyelet holes for reefing are made.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Reefer</h1>
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<hw>Reef"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One who reefs; -- a name often given to midshipmen.</def>

<i>Marryat.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A close-fitting lacket or short coat of thick cloth.</def>

<-- 3. A marijuana cigarette [Slang]. -->

<h1>Reefing</h1>
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<hw>Reef"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The process of taking in a reef.</def>

<cs><col>Reefing bowsprit</col>, <cd>a bowsprit so rigged that it can easily be run in or shortened by sliding inboard, as in cutters.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reefy</h1>
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<hw>Reef"y</hw> <tt>(-?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of reefs or rocks.</def>

<h1>Reek</h1>
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<hw>Reek</hw> <tt>(r&emac;k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Reek</h1>
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<hw>Reek</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>r<?/c</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>r<?/k</ets>, LG. & D. <ets>rook</ets>, G. <ets>rauch</ets>, OHG. <ets>rouh</ets>, Dan. r<?/g, Sw. <ets>r<?/k</ets>, Icel. <ets>reykr</ets>, and to AS. <ets>re<?/can</ets> to reek, smoke, Icel. <ets>rj<?/ka</ets>, G. <ets>riechen</ets> to smell.]</ety> <def>Vapor; steam; smoke; fume.</def>

<blockquote>As hateful to me as the <b>reek</b> of a limekiln.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reek</h1>
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<hw>Reek</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reeked</er> <tt>(r?kt)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reeking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[As. <ets>r<?/can</ets>. See <er>Reek vapor</er>..]</ety> <def>To emit vapor, usually that which is warm and moist; to be full of fumes; to steam; to smoke; to exhale.</def>

<blockquote>Few chimneys <b>reeking</b> you shall espy.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I found me laid
In balmy sweat, which with his beams the sun
Soon dried, and on the <b>reeking</b> moisture fed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The coffee rooms <b>reeked</b> with tobacco.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reeky</h1>
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<hw>Reek"y</hw> <tt>(-?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From 2d <er>Reek</er>; cf. <er>Reechy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Soiled with smoke or steam; smoky; foul.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Emitting reek.</def> "<i>Reeky</i> fen."

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Reel</h1>
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<hw>Reel</hw> <tt>(r?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gael. <ets>righil</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lively dance of the Highlanders of Scotland; also, the music to the dance; -- often called <altname>Scotch reel</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Virginia reel</col>, <cd>the common name throughout the United States for the old English "country dance," or contradance (<i>contredanse<i>).</cd> <i>Bartlett.</i></cs>

<h1>Reel</h1>
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<hw>Reel</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>kre<?/l</ets>: cf. Icel. <ets>kr<?/ll</ets> a weaver's reed or sley.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A frame with radial arms, or a kind of spool, turning on an axis, on which yarn, threads, lines, or the like, are wound; <as>as, a log <ex>reel</ex>, used by seamen; an angler's <ex>reel</ex>; a garden <ex>reel</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A machine on which yarn is wound and measured into lays and hanks, -- for cotton or linen it is fifty-four inches in circuit; for worsted, thirty inches.</def>

<i>McElrath.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>A device consisting of radial arms with horizontal stats, connected with a harvesting machine, for holding the stalks of grain in position to be cut by the knives.</def>

<cs><col>Reel oven</col>, <cd>a baker's oven in which bread pans hang suspended from the arms of a kind of reel revolving on a horizontal axis.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Reel</h1>
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<hw>Reel</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reeled</er> <tt>(r?ld)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reeling</er>. ]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To roll.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And Sisyphus an huge round stone did <b>reel</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To wind upon a reel, as yarn or thread.</def>

<h1>Reel</h1>
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<hw>Reel</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>ragla</ets>. See <er>2d Reel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To incline, in walking, from one side to the other; to stagger.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>reel</b> to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man.
<i>Ps. cvii. 27.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He, with heavy fumes oppressed,
<b>Reeled</b> from the palace, and retired to rest.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The wagons <b>reeling</b> under the yellow sheaves.
<i>Macualay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have a whirling sensation; to be giddy.</def>

<blockquote>In these lengthened vigils his brain often <b>reeled</b>.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reel</h1>
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<hw>Reel</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or motion of reeling or staggering; <as>as, a drunken <ex>reel</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Re\'89lect</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89*lect"</hw> <tt>(r?`?*l?kt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To elect again; <as>as, to <ex>re\'89lect</ex> the former governor</as>.</def>

<h1>Re\'89lection</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89*lec"tion</hw> <tt>(-l?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Election a second time, or anew; <as>as, the <ex>re\'89lection</ex> of a former chief</as>.</def>

<h1>Reeler</h1>
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<hw>Reel"er</hw> <tt>(r?l"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who reels.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The grasshopper warbler; -- so called from its note.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Re\'89ligible</h1>
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<hw>Re*\'89l"i*gi*ble</hw> <tt>(r?*?l"?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Eligble again; capable of re\'89lection; <as>as, <ex>re\'89ligible</ex> to the same office</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*\'89l`i*gi*bil"i*ty</wf> <tt>(r<?/*<?/l`-<?/*j<?/*b<?/l"<?/*t<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Reem</h1>
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<hw>Reem</hw> <tt>(r?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Hebrew name of a horned wild animal, probably the Urus.</def>

<note>&hand; In King James's Version it is called <i>unicorn</i>; in the Revised Version,<i>wild ox</i>.
<i>Job xxxix. 9.</i>
</note>

<h1>Reem</h1>
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<hw>Reem</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Ream</er> to make a hole in.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To open (the seams of a vessel's planking) for the purpose of calking them.</def>

<cs><col>Reeming iron</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an iron chisel for reeming the seams of planks in calking ships.</cd></cs>

<h1>Re\'89mbark</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89m*bark"</hw> <tt>(r?`?m*b?rk")</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To put, or go, on board a vessel again; to embark again.</def>

<h1>Re\'89mbarkation</h1>
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<hw>Re*\'89m`bar*ka"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*?m`b?r*k?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A putting, or going, on board a vessel again.</def>

<h1>Re\'89mbody</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89m*bod"y</hw> <tt>(r?`?m*b?d"?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To embody again.</def>

<h1>Re\'89mbrace</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89m*brace"</hw> <tt>(-br?s")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To embrace again.</def>

<h1>Re\'89merge</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89*merge"</hw> <tt>(r?`?*m?rj")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To emerge again.</def>

<h1>Re\'89mergence</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89*mer"gence</hw> <tt>(-m?r"j<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of re<?/merging.</def>

<h1>Re\'89nact</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89n*act"</hw> <tt>(r?`?n*?kt")</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To enact again.</def>

<h1>Re\'89naction</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89n*ac"tion</hw> <tt>(-?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of re<?/nacting; the state of being re<?/nacted.</def>

<h1>Re\'89nacment</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89n*ac"ment</hw> <tt>(-?kt"m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The enacting or passing of a law a second time; the renewal of a law.</def>

<h1>Re\'89ncourage</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89n*cour"age</hw> <tt>(-k?r"?j;)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To encourage again.</def>

<h1>Re\'89ndow</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89n*dow"</hw> <tt>(-dou")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To endow again.</def>

<h1>Re\'89nforce</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89n*force"</hw> <tt>(-f?rs")</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + enforce</ets>: cf. F. <ets>renforcer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To strengthen with new force, assistance, material, or support; <as>as, to <ex>re\'89nforce</ex> an argument; to <ex>re\'89nforce</ex> a garment</as>; especially, to strengthen with additional troops, as an army or a fort, or with additional ships, as a fleet.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>reinforce</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Re\'89nforce</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89n*force"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Re\'89nforce</er>, <tt>v.</tt>, and cf. <er>Ranforce</er>, <er>Reinforce</er>.]</ety> <def>Something which re\'89nforces or strengthens. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> That part of a cannon near the breech which is thicker than the rest of the piece, so as better to resist the force of the exploding powder. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Cannon</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> An additional thickness of canvas, cloth, or the like, around an eyelet, buttonhole, etc.</def>

<h1>Re\'89nforcement</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89n*force"ment</hw> <tt>(r?`?n*f?rs"m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of re\'89nforcing, or the state of being re\'89nforced.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which re\'89nforces; additional force; especially, additional troops or force to augment the strength of any army, or ships to strengthen a navy or fleet.</def>

<h1>Re\'89ngage</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89n*gage"</hw> <tt>(-g?j)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To engage a second time or again.</def>

<h1>Re\'89ngagement</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89n*gage"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A renewed or repeated engagement.</def>

<h1>Re\'89ngrave</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89n*grave"</hw> <tt>(-gr?v")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To engrave anew.</def>

<h1>Re\'89njoy</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89n*joy"</hw> <tt>(-joi")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To enjoi anew.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Re\'89njoyment</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89n*joy"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Renewed enjoiment.</def>

<h1>Re\'89nkindle</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89n*kin"dle</hw> <tt>(-k?n"d'l)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To enkindle again.</def>

<h1>Re\'89nlist</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89n*list"</hw> <tt>(-l?st")</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To enlist again.</def>

<h1>Re\'89nlistment</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89n*list"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A renewed enlistment.</def>

<h1>Re\'89nslave</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89n*slave"</hw> <tt>(-sl?v")</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To enslave again.</def>

<h1>Re\'89nter</h1>
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<hw>Re*\'89n"ter</hw> <tt>(r?*?n"t?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To enter again.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Engraving)</fld> <def>To cut deeper, as engraved lines on a plate of metal, when the engraving has not been deep enough, or the plate has become worn in printing.</def>

<h1>Re\'89nter</h1>
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<hw>Re*\'89n"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To enter anew or again.</def>

<cs><col>Re\'89ntering angle</col>, <cd>an angle of a polygon pointing inward, as <i>a<i>, in the cut.</cd> -- <col>Re\'89ntering polygon</col>, <cd>a polygon having one or more re\'89ntering angles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Re\'89ntering</h1>
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<hw>Re*\'89n"ter*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Calico Printing.)</fld> <def>The process of applying additional colors, by applications of printing blocks, to patterns already partly colored.</def>

<h1>Re\'89nthrone</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89n*throne"</hw> <tt>(-thr?n")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To enthrone again; to replace on a throne.</def>

<h1>Re\'89nthronement</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89n*throne"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second enthroning.</def>

<h1>Re\'89ntrance</h1>
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<hw>Re*\'89n"trance</hw> <tt>(r?*?n"tr<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act entereing again; re<?/ntry.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Re\'89ntrant</h1>
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<hw>Re*\'89n"trant</hw> <tt>(-tr<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Re\'89ntering; pointing or directed inwardds; <as>as, a <ex>re<?/ntrant</ex> angle</as>.</def>

<h1>Re\'89ntry</h1>
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<hw>Re*\'89n"try</hw> <tt>(-tr?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A second or new entry; <as>as, a <ex>re\'89ntry</ex> into public life</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A resuming or retaking possession of what one has lately foregone; -- applied especially to land; the entry by a lessor upon the premises leased, on failure of the tenant to pay rent or perform the covenants in the lease.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<cs><col>Card of re\'89try</col>, <fld>(Whist)</fld>, <cd>a card that by winning a trick will bring one the lead at an advanced period of the hand.</cd></cs>

<h1>Re\'89rect</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89*rect"</hw> <tt>(r?`?*r?kt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To erect again.</def>

<h1>Reermouse</h1>
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<hw>Reer"mouse`</hw> <tt>(r?r"mous`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Rearmouse</er>.</def>

<h1>Re\'89stablish</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89s*tab"lish</hw> <tt>(r?`?s*t?b"l?sh)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To establish anew; to fix or confirm again; to restore; <as>as, to <ex>re\'89stablish</ex> a covenant; to <ex>re\'89stablish</ex> health.</as></def>

<h1>Re\'89stablisher</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89s*tab"lish*er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who establishes again.</def>

<h1>Re\'89stablishment</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89s*tab"lish*ment</hw> <tt>(-mnt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act re\'89stablishing; the state of being re\'89stablished.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Re\'89state</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89s*tate"</hw> <tt>(-t?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To re\'89stablish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Walis.</i>

<h1>Reeve</h1>
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<hw>Reeve</hw> <tt>(r?v)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The female of the ruff.</def>

<h1>Reeve</h1>
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<hw>Reeve</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rove</er> <tt>(r?v)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reeving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>reven</ets>. See <er>Reef</er>, <tt>n.</tt> & <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To pass, as the end of a pope, through any hole in a block, thimble, cleat, ringbolt, cringle, or the like.</def>

<h1>Reeve</h1>
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<hw>Reeve</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>reve</ets>, AS. <ets>ger<?/fa</ets>. Cf. <er>Sheriff</er>.]</ety> <def>an officer, steward, bailiff, or governor; -- used chiefly in compounds; <as>as, shire<ex>reeve</ex>, now written <i>sheriff</i>; port<ex>reeve</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>  <i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Re\'89xaminable</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89x*am"i*na*ble</hw> <tt>(r?`?gz*?m"?*n?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admitting of being re\'89xamined or reconsidered.</def>

<i>Story.</i>

<h1>Re\'89xamination</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89x*am`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(-?*n?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A repeated examination. See under <er>Examination</er>.</def>

<h1>Re\'89xamine</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89x*am"ine</hw> <tt>(--?n)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To examine anew.</def>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Re\'89xchange</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89x*change"</hw> <tt>(r?`?ks*ch?nj")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt><def>To exchange anew; to reverse (a previous exchange).</def>

<h1>Re\'89xchange</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89x*change"</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A renewed exchange; a reversal of an exchange.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The expense chargeable on a bill of exchange or draft which has been dishonored in a foreign country, and returned to the country in which it was made or indorsed, and then taken up.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<blockquote>The rate of <b>re\'89xchange</b> is regulated with respect to the drawer, at the course of exchange between the place where the bill of exchange was payable, and the place where it was drawn. <b>Re\'89xchange</b> can not be cumulated.
<i>Walsh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Re\'89xhibit</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89x*hib"it</hw> <tt>(r?`?gz*?b"?t &or; -?ks*h?b"?t)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To exhibit again.</def>

<h1>Re\'89xpel</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89x*pel"</hw> <tt>(r?`?ks*p?l")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To expel again.</def>

<h1>Re\'89xperience</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89x*pe"ri*ence</hw> <tt>(-p?`r?-<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A renewed or repeated experience.</def>

<h1>Re\'89xport</h1>
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<hw>Re`\'89x*port"</hw> <tt>(-p?rt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To export again, as what has been imported.</def>

<h1>Re\'89xport</h1>
<Xpage=1206>

<hw>Re*\'89x"port</hw> <tt>(r?*?ks"p?rt)</tt>, <tt>n/</tt> <def>Any commodity re\'89xported; -- chiefly in the ptural.</def>

<h1>Re\'89xportation</h1>
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<hw>Re*\'89x`por*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(-p?r*t?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of re\'89xporting, or of exporting an import.</def>

<i>A. Smith.</i>

<h1>\'89xpulsion</h1>
<Xpage=1206>

<hw>`\'89x*pul"sion</hw> <tt>(r?`?ks*p?l"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Renewed or repeated expulsion.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Reezed</h1>
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<hw>Reezed</hw> <tt>(r?zd)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Grown rank; rancid; rusty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Reezed</i> bacon."

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Refaction</h1>
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<hw>Re*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*f?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Refection</er>.]</ety> <def>Recompense; atonemet; retribution.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Refar</h1>
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<hw>Re*far"</hw> <tt>(r?*f?r")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>refaire</ets> to do over again.]</ety> <def>To go over again; to repeat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To him therefore this wonder done <b>refar</b>.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Refashion</h1>
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<hw>Re*fash"ion</hw> <tt>(r?*f?sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fashion anew; to form or mold into shape a second time.</def>

<i>MacKnight.</i>

<h1>Refashionment</h1>
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<hw>Re*fash"ion*ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of refashioning, or the state of being refashioned.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Leigh Hunt.</i>

<h1>Refasten</h1>
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<hw>Re*fas"ten</hw> <tt>(r?*f?s"'n)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fasten again.</def>

<h1>Refect</h1>
<Xpage=1206>

<hw>Re*fect"</hw> <tt>(r?*f?kt)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>refectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reficere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>To restore after hunger or fatique; to refresh.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Refection</h1>
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<hw>Re*fec"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*f?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>refectio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82fection</ets>. See <er>Refect</er>, <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <def>Refreshment after hunger or fatique; a repast; a lunch.</def>

<blockquote>[His] feeble spirit inly felt <b>refection</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those Attic nights, and those <b>refections</b> of the gods.
<i>Curran.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Refective</h1>
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<hw>Re*fec"tive</hw> <tt>(r?*f?k"t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Refreshing; restoring.</def>

<h1>Refective</h1>
<Xpage=1206>

<hw>Re*fec"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which refreshes.</def>

<h1>Refectory</h1>
<Xpage=1206>

<hw>Re*fec"to*ry</hw> <tt>(-t?*r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.; <plw>Refectories</plw> <tt>(-r<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[<er>LL</er>. <ets>refectorium</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>r\'82fectoire</ets>. See <er>Refection</er>.]</ety> <def>A room for refreshment; originally, a dining hall in monasteries or convents.</def>

<note>&hand; Sometimes pronounced <tt>r<?/f"<?/k*t<?/*r<?/</tt>, especially when signifying the eating room in monasteries.</note>

<h1>Refel</h1>
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<hw>Re*fel"</hw> <tt>(r?*f?l")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>refellere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>fallere</ets> to deceive.]</ety> <def>To refute; to disprove; <as>as, to <ex>refel</ex> the tricks of a sophister</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>How he <b>refelled</b> me, and how I replied.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Refer</h1>
<Xpage=1206>

<hw>Re*fer"</hw> <tt>(r?*f?r")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Referred</er> <tt>(-f?rd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Referring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82f\'82rer</ets>, L.  <ets>referre</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>ferre</ets> to bear. See <er>Bear</er> to carry.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To carry or send back.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: To send or direct away; to send or direct elsewhere, as for treatment, aid, infirmation, decision, etc.; to make over, or pass over, to another; <as>as, to <ex>refer</ex> a student to an author; to <ex>refer</ex> a beggar to an officer; to <ex>refer</ex> a bill to a committee; a court <ex>refers</ex> a matter of fact to a commissioner for investigation, or <ex>refers</ex> a question of law to a superior tribunal.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To place in or under by a mental or rational process; to assign to, as a class, a cause, source, a motive, reason, or ground of explanation; <as>as, he <ex>referred</ex> the phenomena to electrical disturbances</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To refer one's self</col>, <cd>to have recourse; to betake one's self; to make application; to appeal. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<blockquote>I'll <b>refer</b> me to all things sense.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Refer</h1>
<Xpage=1206>

<hw>Re*fer"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have recourse; to apply; to appeal; to betake one's self; <as>as, to <ex>refer</ex> to a dictionary</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In suits . . . it is to <b>refer</b> to some friend of trust.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have relation or reference; to relate; to point; <as>as, the figure <ex>refers</ex> to a footnote</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Of those places that <b>refer</b> to the shutting and opening the abyss, I take notice of that in Job.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To carry the mind or throught; to direct attention; <as>as, the preacher <ex>referrd</ex> to the late election</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To direct inquiry for information or a quarantes of any kind, as in respect to one's integrity, capacity, pecuniary ability, and the like; <as>as, I <ex>referred</ex> to his employer for the truth of his story</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To allude; advert; suggest; appeal.</syn> <usage> <er>Refer</er>, <er>Allude</er>, <er>Advert</er>. We <i>refer</i> to a thing by specifically and distinctly introducing it into our discourse. We <i>allude</i> to it by introducing it indirectly or indefinitely, as by something collaterally allied to it. We <i>advert</i> to it by turning off somewhat abruptly to consider it more at large. Thus, Macaulay <i>refers</i> to the early condition of England at the opening of his history; he <i>alludes</i> to these statements from time to time; and <i>adverts</i>, in the progress of his work, to various circumstances of pecullar interest, on which for a time he dwells. "But to do good is . . . that that Solomon chiefly <i>refers</i> to in the text." <i>Sharp</i>. "This, I doubt not, was that artificial structure here <i>alluded</i> to." <i>T. Burnet</i>.</usage>

<blockquote>Now to the universal whole <b>advert</b>:
The earth regard as of that whole a part.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Referable</h1>
<Xpage=1206>

<hw>Ref"er*a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?f"?r*?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being referred, or considered in relation to something else; assignable; ascribable.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>referrible</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>It is a question among philosophers, whether all the attractions which obtain between bodies are <b>referable</b> to one general cause.
<i>W. Nicholson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Referee</h1>
<Xpage=1206>

<hw>Ref`er*ee"</hw> <tt>(-<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One to whom a thing is referred; a person to whom a matter in dispute has been referred, in order that he may settle it.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Judge; arbitrator; umpire. See <er>Judge</er>.</syn>

<h1>Reference</h1>
<Xpage=1206>

<hw>Ref"er*ence</hw> <tt>(r?f"?r-<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Refer</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of referring, or the state of being referred; <as>as, <ex>reference</ex> to a chart for quidance</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which refers to something; a specific direction of the attention; <as>as, a <ex>reference</ex> in a text-book</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Relation; regard; respect.</def>

<blockquote>Something that hath a <b>reference</b> to my state.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>One who, or that which, is referred to.</def> Specifically; <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of whom inquires can be made as to the integrity, capacity, and the like, of another</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A work, or a passage in a work, to which one is referred.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of submitting a matter in dispute to the judgment of one or more persons for decision.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Equity)</fld> <def>The process of sending any matter, for inquiry in a cause, to a master or other officer, in order that he may ascertain facts and report to the court.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Appeal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Make your full <i>reference</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Reference Bible</col>, <cd>a Bible in which brief explanations, and references to parallel passages, are printed in the margin of the text.</cd></cs>

<h1>Referendary</h1>
<Xpage=1206>

<hw>Ref`er*en"da*ry</hw> <tt>(r?f`?r*?n"d?*r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>referendarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>referendus</ets> to be referred, gerundive of <ets>referre</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82f\'82rendaire</ets>. See <er>Refer</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One to whose decision a cause is referred; a referee.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An officer who delivered the royal answer to petitions.</def> "<i>Referendaries</i>, or masters of request."

<i>Harmar.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Formerly, an officer of state charged with the duty of procuring and dispatching diplomas and decrees.</def>

<h1>Referendum</h1>
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<hw>Ref`er*en"dum</hw> <tt>(r?f`?r*?n"d?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gerundive fr. L. <ets>referre</ets>. See <er>Refer</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A diplomatic agent's note asking for instructions from his government concerning a particular matter or point.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The right to approve or reject by popular vote a meassure passed upon by a legislature.</def>

<h1>Referential</h1>
<Xpage=1206>

<hw>Ref`er*en"tial</hw> <tt>(-sh<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing a reference; pointing to something out of itself; <as>as, notes for <ex>referential</ex> use</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ref`er*en"tial*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Referment</h1>
<Xpage=1206>

<hw>Re*fer"ment</hw> <tt>(r?*f?r"m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of referring; reference.</def>

<i>Laud.</i>

<hr>
<page="1207">
Page 1207<p>

<h1>Referment</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re`*fer*ment"</hw> <tt>(r<?/`f<?/r*m<?/nt")</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To ferment, or cause to ferment, again.</def>

<i>Blackmore.</i>

<h1>Referrer</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*fer"rer</hw> <tt>(r?*f?r"r?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who refers.</def>

<h1>Referrible</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*fer"ri*ble</hw> <tt>(-r?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Referable.</def>

<i>Hallam.</i>

<h1>Refigure</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*fig"ure</hw> <tt>(r?*f?g"?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To figure again.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Refill</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*fill"</hw> <tt>(r?*f?l")</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To fill, or become full, again.</def>

<h1>Refind</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*find"</hw> <tt>(r?*f?nd)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To find again; to get or experience again.</def>

<i>Sandys.</i>

<h1>Refine</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*fine"</hw> <tt>(r?*f?n")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Refined</er> <tt>(-find")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Refining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + fine</ets> to make fine: cf. F. <ets>raffiner</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; to free from impurities; to free from dross or alloy; to separate from extraneous matter; to purify; to defecate; <as>as, to <ex>refine</ex> gold or silver; to <ex>refine</ex> iron; to <ex>refine</ex> wine or sugar.</as></def>

<blockquote>I will bring the third part through the fire, and will <b>refine</b> them as silver is <b>refined</b>.
<i>Zech. xiii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To purify from what is gross, coarse, vulgar, inelegant, low, and the like; to make elegant or exellent; to polish; <as>as, to <ex>refine</ex> the manners, the language, the style, the taste, the intellect, or the moral feelings</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Love <b>refines</b>
The thoughts, and heart enlarges.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To purify; clarify; polish; ennoble.</syn>

<h1>Refine</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*fine"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become pure; to be cleared of feculent matter.</def>

<blockquote>So the pure, limpid stream, when foul with stains,
Works itself clear, and, as it runs, <b>refines</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or excellence.</def>

<blockquote>Chaucer <b>refined</b> on Boccace, and mended his stories.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But let a lord once own the happy lines,
How the wit brightens! How the style <b>refines</b>!
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To affect nicety or subtilty in thought or language.</def> "He makes another paragraph about our <i>refining</i> in controversy."

<i>Atterbury.</i>

<h1>Refined</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*fined"</hw> <tt>(-f?nd")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Freed from impurities or alloy; purifed; polished; cultured; delicate; as; <i>refined</i> gold; <i>refined</i> language; <i>refined</i> sentiments.</def>

<blockquote><b>Refined</b> wits who honored poesy with their pens.
<i>Peacham.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*fin"ed*ly</wf> <tt>(r<?/*f<?/n"<?/d*l<?/)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*fin"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Refinement</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*fine"ment</hw> <tt>(r?*f?n"m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>raffinement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of refining, or the state of being refined; <as>as, the <ex>refinement</ex> or metals; <ex>refinement</ex> of ideas.</as></def>

<blockquote>The more bodies are of kin to spirit in subtilty and <b>refinement</b>, the more diffusive are they.
<i>Norris.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>From the civil war to this time, I doubt whether the corruptions in our language have not equaled its <b>refinements</b>.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is refined, elaborated, or polished to excess; an affected subtilty; <as>as, <ex>refinements</ex> of logic</as>.</def> "The <i>refinements</i> of irregular cunning."

<i>Rogers.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Purification; polish; politeness; gentility; elegance; cultivation; civilization.</syn>

<h1>Refiner</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*fin"er</hw> <tt>(-f?n"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, refines.</def>

<h1>Refinery</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*fin"er*y</hw> <tt>(-?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Refineries</plw> <tt>(-<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>raffinerie</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The building and apparatus for refining or purifying, esp. metals and sugar.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A furnace in which cast iron is refined by the action of a blast on the molten metal.</def>

<h1>Refit</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*fit"</hw> <tt>(r?*f?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fit or prepare for use again; to repair; to restore after damage or decay; <as>as, to <ex>refit</ex> a garment; to <ex>refit</ex> ships of war.</as></def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fit out or supply a second time.</def>

<h1>Refit</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*fit"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To obtain repairs or supplies; <as>as, the fleet returned to <ex>refit</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Refitment</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*fit"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of refitting, or the state of being refitted.</def>

<h1>Refix</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*fix"</hw> <tt>(r?*f?ks")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fix again or anew; to establish anew.</def>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Reflame</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flame"</hw> <tt>(r?*fl?m")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To kindle again into flame.</def>

<h1>Reflect</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flect"</hw> <tt>(r?*fl?kt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reflected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reflecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>reflectere</ets>, <ets>reflexum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>flectere</ets> to bend or turn. See <er>Flexible</er>, and cf. <er>Reflex</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bend back; to give a backwa<?/d turn to; to throw back; especially, to cause to return after striking upon any surface; <as>as, a mirror <ex>reflects</ex> rays of light; polished metals <ex>reflect</ex> heat.</as></def>

<blockquote>Let me mind the reader to <b>reflect</b> his eye on our quotations.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Bodies close together <b>reflect</b> their own color.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give back an image or likeness of; to mirror.</def>

<blockquote>Nature is the glass <b>reflecting</b> God,
As by the sea <b>reflected</b> is the sun.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reflect</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flect"</hw> <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw back light, heat, or the like; to return rays or beams.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be sent back; to rebound as from a surface; to revert; to return.</def>

<blockquote>Whose virtues will, I hope,
<b>Reflect</b> on Rome, as Titan's rays on earth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To throw or turn back the thoughts upon anything; to contemplate. Specifically: To attend earnestly to what passes within the mind; to attend to the facts or phenomena of consciousness; to use attention or earnest thought; to meditate; especially, to think in relation to moral truth or rules.</def>

<blockquote>We can not be said to <b>reflect</b> upon any external object, except so far as that object has been previously perceived, and its image become part and parcel of our intellectual furniture.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All men are concious of the operations of their own minds, at all times, while they are awake, but there few who <b>reflect</b> upon them, or make them objects of thought.
<i>Reid.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As I much <b>reflected</b>, much I mourned.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cast reproach; to cause censure or dishonor.</def>

<blockquote>Errors of wives <b>reflect</b> on husbands still.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Neither do I <b>reflect</b> in the least upon the memory of his late majesty.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To consider; think; cogitate; mediate; contemplate; ponder; muse; ruminate.</syn>

<h1>Reflected</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flect"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Thrown back after striking a surface; <as>as, <ex>reflected</ex> light, heat, sound, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Not one's own; received from another; <as>as, his glory was <ex>reflected</ex> glory</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Bent backward or outward; reflexed.</def>

<h1>Reflectent</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flect"ent</hw> <tt>(r?*fl?kt"<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reflectens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>reflectere</ets>. See <er>Reflect</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Bending or flying back; reflected.</def> "The ray descendent, and the ray <i>reflectent</i> flying with so great a speed."

<i>Sir K. Digby.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Reflecting; <as>as, a <ex>reflectent</ex> body</as>.</def>

<i>Sir K. Digby.</i>

<h1>Reflectible</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flect"i*ble</hw> <tt>(-?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being reflected, or thrown back; reflexible.</def>

<h1>Reflecting</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flect"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Throwing back light, heat, etc., as a mirror or other surface.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Given to reflection or serious consideration; reflective; contemplative; <as>as, a <ex>reflecting</ex> mind</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Reflecting circle</col>, <cd>an astronomical instrument for measuring angless, like the sextant or Hadley's quadrant, by the reflection of light from two plane mirrors which it carries, and differing from the sextant chiefly in having an entire circle.</cd> -- <col>Reflecting galvanometer</col>, <cd>a galvanometer in which the deflections of the needle are read by means of a mirror attached to it, which reflects a ray of light or the image of a scale; -- called also <altname>mirror galvanometer</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Reflecting goniometer</col>. <cd>See under <er>Goniometer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Reflecting telescope</col>. <cd>See under <er>Telescope</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reflectingly</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flect"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With reflection; also, with censure; reproachfully.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Reflection</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flec"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*fl?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reflexio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82flexion</ets>. See <er>Riflect</er>.]</ety> <def</def>><altsp>[Written also <asp>reflexion</asp>.]</altsp>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reflecting, or turning or sending back, or the state of being reflected.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The return of rays, beams, sound, or the like, from a surface</def>. See <cref>Angle of reflection</cref>, below.</def>

<blockquote>The eye sees not itself,
But by <b>reflection</b>, by some other things.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The reverting of the mind to that which has already occupied it; continued consideration; meditation; contemplation; hence, also, that operation or power of the mind by which it is conscious of its own acts or states; the capacity for judging rationally, especially in view of a moral rule or standard</def>.

<blockquote>By <b>reflection</b>, . . . I would be understood to mean, that notice which the mind takes of its own operations, and the manner of them, by reason whereof there come to be ideas of these operations in the understanding.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This delight grows and improves under thought and <b>reflection</b>.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Shining; brightness, as of the sun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is produced by reflection.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An image given back from a reflecting surface; a reflected counterpart.</def>

<blockquote>As the sun water we can bear,
Yet not the sun, but his <b>reflection</b>, there.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A part reflected, or turned back, at an angle; as, the <i>reflection</i> of a membrane</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Result of meditation; thought or opinion after attentive consideration or contemplation; especially, thoughts suggested by truth</def>.

<blockquote>Job's <b>reflections</b> on his once flourishing estate did at the same time afflict and encourage him.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Censure; reproach cast.</def>

<blockquote>He died; and oh! may no <b>reflection</b> shed
Its poisonous venom on the royal dead.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The transference of an excitement from one nerve fiber to another by means of the nerve cells, as in reflex action. See <cref>Reflex action</cref>, under <er>Reflex</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Angle of reflection</col>, <cd>the angle which anything, as a ray of light, on leaving a reflecting surface, makes with the perpendicular to the surface.</cd> -- <col>Angle of total reflection</col>. <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Critical angle</cref>, under <er>Critical</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Meditation; contemplation; rumination; cogitation; consideration; musing; thinking.</syn>

<h1>Reflective</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flect"ive</hw> <tt>(r?*fl?kt"?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82flectif</ets>. Cf. <er>Reflexive</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Throwing back images; <as>as, a <ex>reflective</ex> mirror</as>.</def>

<blockquote>In the <b>reflective</b> stream the sighing bride, viewing her charms.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Capable of exercising thought or judgment; <as>as, <ex>reflective</ex> reason</as>.</def>

<i>Prior.</i>

<blockquote>His perceptive and <b>reflective</b> faculties . . . thus acquired a precocious and extraordinary development.
<i>Motley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Addicted to introspective or meditative habits; <as>as, a <ex>reflective</ex> person</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Reflexive; reciprocal.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*flect"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*flect"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms> "<i>Reflectiveness</i> of manner."

<i>J. C. Shairp.</i>

<h1>Reflector</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flect"or</hw> <tt>(-&etil;r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82flecteur</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, reflects.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Something having a polished surface for reflecting light or heat, as a mirror, a speculum, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A reflecting telescope.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A device for reflecting sound.</def>

<h1>Reflex</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re"flex</hw> <tt>(r?"fl?ks)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reflexus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reflectere</ets>: cf. F.  <ets>r\'82flexe</ets>. See <er>Reflect</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Directed back; attended by reflection; retroactive; introspective.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>reflex</b> act of the soul, or the turning of the intellectual eye inward upon its own actions.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Produced in reaction, in resistance, or in return.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or produced by, stimulus or excitation without the necessary intervention of consciousness.</def>

<cs><col>Reflex action</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>any action performed involuntarily in consequence of an impulse or impression transmitted along afferent nerves to a nerve center, from which it is reflected to an efferent nerve, and so calls into action certain muscles, organs, or cells.</cd> -- <col>Reflex nerve</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>an excito-motory nerve. See <er>Exito-motory</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reflex</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re"flex</hw> <tt>(r?"fl?ks; <it>formerly</it> r?*fl?ks")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reflexus</ets> a bending back. See <er>Reflect</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Reflection; the light reflected from an illuminated surface to one in shade.</def>

<blockquote>Yon gray is not the morning's eye,
'Tis but the pale <b>reflex</b> of Cynthia's brow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>On the depths of death there swims
The <b>reflex</b> of a human face.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An involuntary movement produced by reflex action.</def>

<cs><col>Patellar reflex</col>. <cd>See <cref>Knee jerk</cref>, under <er>Knee</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reflex</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flex"</hw> <tt>(r?*fl?ks")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reflexus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reflectere</ets>. See <er>Reflect</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reflect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bend back; to turn back.</def>

<i>J. Gregory.</i>

<h1>Reflexed</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flexed"</hw> <tt>(r?*fl?kst")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Bent backward or outward.</def>

<h1>Reflexibility</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flex`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(r?*fl?ks`?*b?l"?*t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82flexibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or capability of being reflexible; <as>as, the <ex>reflexibility</ex> of the rays of light</as>.</def>

<i>Sir I. Newton.</i>

<h1>Reflexible</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flex"i*ble</hw> <tt>(r?*fl?ks"?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>r\'82flexible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being reflected, or thrown back.</def>

<blockquote>The light of the sun consists of rays differently refrangible and <b>reflexible</b>.
<i>Cheyne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reflexion</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flex"ion</hw> <tt>(-fl?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Reflection</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Reflexity</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flex"i*ty</hw> <tt>(r?*fl?ks"?*t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of being reflected.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Reflexive</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flex"ive</hw> <tt>(-?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82flexif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bending or turned backward; reflective; having respect to something past.</def>

<blockquote>Assurance <b>reflexive</b> can not be a divine faith.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Implying censure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "What man does not resent an ugly <i>reflexive</i> word?"

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Having for its direct object a pronoun which refers to the agent or subject as its antecedent; -- said of certain verbs; <as>as, the witness <i>perjured</i> himself; I <i>bethought</i> myself. Applied also to pronouns of this class; reciprocal; reflective.</as></def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*flex"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*flex"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Reflexiv</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flex"iv</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a reflex manner; reflectively.</def>

<h1>Refloat</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re"float</hw> <tt>(r?"fl?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reflux; ebb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Reflorescence</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re`flo*res"cence</hw> <tt>(r?`fl?*r?s"s<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A blossoming anew of a plant after it has apparently ceased blossoming for the season.</def>

<h1>Reflourish</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flour"ish</hw> <tt>(r?*fl?r"?sh)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To flourish again.</def>

<h1>Reflew</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flew"</hw> <tt>(r?*fl?")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To flow back; to ebb.</def>

<h1>Reflower</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*flow"er</hw> <tt>(r&emac;*flou"&etil;r)</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To flower, or cause to flower, again.</def>

<i>Sylvester.</i>

<h1>Refluctuation</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*fluc`tu*a"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*fl?k`t?*?"sh?n; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flowing back; refluence.</def>

<h1>Refluence rfl-<it>e</it>ns, Refluency</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw><hw>Ref"lu*ence</hw> <tt>(r?f"l?-<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <hw>Ref"lu*en*cy</hw> <tt>(-<it>e</it>n*s?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being refluent; a flowing back.</def>

<h1>Refluent</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Ref"lu*ent</hw> <tt>(-<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>refluens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>refluere</ets> to flow back; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>fluere</ets> to flow. See <er>Flurent</er>.]</ety> <def>Flowing back; returning; ebbing.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>And <b>refluent</b> through the pass of fear
The battle's tide was poured.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reflueus</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Ref"lu*eus</hw> <tt>(-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>refluus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Refluent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reflux</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re"flux`</hw> <tt>(r?"fl?ks`)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Returning, or flowing back; reflex; <as>as, <ex>reflux</ex> action</as>.</def>

<h1>Reflux</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re"flux`</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>reflux</ets>. See <er>Refluent</er>, <er>Flux</er>.]</ety> <def>A flowing back, as the return of a fluid; ebb; reaction; <as>as, the flux and <ex>reflux</ex> of the tides</as>.</def>

<blockquote>All from me
Shall with a fierce <b>reflux</b> on me redound.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Refocillate</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*foc"il*late</hw> <tt>(r?*f?s"?l*l?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>refocillatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>refocillare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>focillare</ets> to revive by warmth.]</ety> <def>To refresh; to revive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Aubrey.</i>

<h1>Refocillation</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*foc`il*la"tion</hw> <tt>(-l?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Restoration of strength by refreshment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Middleton.</i>

<h1>Refold</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*fold"</hw> <tt>(r?*f?ld")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fold again.</def>

<h1>Refoment</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re`fo*ment"</hw> <tt>(r?`f?*m<it>?</it>nt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To foment anew.</def>

<h1>Reforestization</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*for`est*i*za`tion</hw> <tt>(r?*f?r`?st*?*z?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of reforestizing.</def>

<h1>Reforestize</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*for"est*ize</hw> <tt>(r?*f?r"?st*?z)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To convert again into a forest; to plant again with trees.</def>

<h1>Reforge</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*forge"</hw> <tt>(r?*f?rj")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + forge</ets>: cf. F. <ets>reforger</ets>.]</ety> <def>To forge again or anew; hence, to fashion or fabricate anew; to make over.</def>

<i>Udall.</i>

<h1>Reforger</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*for"ger</hw> <tt>(r?*f?r"j?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reforges.</def>

<h1>Reform</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*form"</hw> <tt>(r?*f?rm")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82former</ets>, L. <ets>reformare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>formare</ets> to form, from <ets>forma</ets> form. See <er>Form</er>.]</ety> <def>To put into a new and improved form or condition; to restore to a former good state, or bring from bad to good; to change from worse to better; to amend; to correct; <as>as, to <ex>reform</ex> a profligate man; to <ex>reform</ex> corrupt manners or morals.</as></def>

<blockquote>The example alone of a vicious prince will corrupt an age; but that of a good one will not <b>reform</b> it.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To amend; correct; emend; rectify; mend; repair; better; improve; restore; reclaim.</syn>

<h1>Reform</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*form"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To return to a good state; to amend or correct one's own character or habits; <as>as, a man of settled habits of vice will seldom <ex>reform</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Reform</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*form"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82forme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Amendment of what is defective, vicious, corrupt, or depraved; reformation; <as>as, <ex>reform</ex> of elections; <ex>reform</ex> of government.</as></def>

<cs><col>Civil service reform</col>. <cd>See under <er>Civil</er>.</cd> -- <col>Reform acts</col> <fld>(Eng. Politics)</fld>, <cd>acts of Parliament passed in 1832, 1867, 1884, 1885, extending and equalizing popular representation in Parliament.</cd> -- <col>Reform school</col>, <cd>a school established by a state or city government, for the confinement, instruction, and reformation of juvenile offenders, and of young persons of idle, vicious, and vagrant habits. <mark>[U. S.]</mark></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Reformation; amendment; rectification; correction. See <er>Reformation</er>.</syn>

<h1>Re-form</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re-form"</hw> <tt>(r?*f?rm")</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Re-formed</er> <tt>(-f?rmd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Re-forming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To give a new form to; to form anew; to take form again, or to take a new form; <as>as, to <ex>re-form</ex> the line after a charge</as>.</def>

<h1>Reformable</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*form"a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?*f?rm"?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being reformed.</def>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Reformade</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Ref`or*made"</hw> <tt>(r?f`?r*m?d")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A reformado.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reformado</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Ref`or*ma"do</hw> <tt>(-m?"d?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. <ets>reformar</ets>, L. <ets>reformare</ets>. SEe <er>Reform</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A monk of a reformed order.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Weever.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An officer who, in disgrace, is deprived of his command, but retains his rank, and sometimes his pay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reformalize</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Re*form"al*ize</hw> <tt>(r?*f?rm"<it>a</it>l*?z)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To affect reformation; to pretend to correctness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Reformation</h1>
<Xpage=1207>

<hw>Ref`or*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(r?f`?r*m?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82formation</ets>, L. <ets>reformatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reforming, or the state of being reformed; change from worse to better; correction or amendment of life, manners, or of anything vicious or corrupt; <as>as, the <ex>reformation</ex> of manners; <ex>reformation</ex> of the age; <ex>reformation</ex> of abuses</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Satire lashes vice into <b>reformation</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1208">
Page 1208<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>, the important religious movement commenced by Luther early in the sixteenth century, which resulted in the formation of the various Protestant churches.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Reform; amendment; correction; rectification.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Reformation</er>, <er>Reform</er>. <i>Reformation</i> is a more thorough and comprehensive change than <i>reform</i>. It is applied to subjects that are more important, and results in changes which are more lasting. A <i>reformation</i> involves, and is followed by, many particular <i>reforms</i>. "The pagan converts mention this great <i>reformation</i> of those who had been the greatest sinners, with that sudden and surprising change which the Christian religion made in the lives of the most profligate." <i>Addison</i>. "A variety of schemes, founded in visionary and impracticable ideas of <i>reform</i>, were suddenly produced." <i>Pitt</i>.</usage>

<h1>Re-formation</h1>
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<hw>Re`-for*ma"tion</hw> <tt>(r?`f?r*m?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of forming anew; a second forming in order; <as>as, the <ex>reformation</ex> of a column of troops into a hollow square</as>.</def>

<h1>Reformative</h1>
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<hw>Re*form"a*tive</hw> <tt>(r?*f?rm"?*t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Forming again; having the quality of renewing form; reformatory.</def>

<i>Good.</i>

<h1>Reformatory</h1>
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<hw>Re*form"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(-t?*r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to produce reformation; reformative.</def>

<h1>Reformatory</h1>
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<hw>Re*form"a*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ries</plw> <tt>(-r<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <def>An institution for promoting the reformation of offenders.</def>

<blockquote>Magistrates may send juvenile offenders to <b>reformatories</b> instead of to prisons.
<i>Eng. Cyc.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reformed</h1>
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<hw>Re*formed"</hw> <tt>(r?*f?rmd")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Corrected; amended; restored to purity or excellence; said, specifically, of the whole body of Protestant churches originating in the Reformation. Also, in a more restricted sense, of those who separated from Luther on the doctrine of consubstantiation, etc., and carried the Reformation, as they claimed, to a higher point. The Protestant churches founded by them in Switzerland, France, Holland, and part of Germany, were called the <i>Reformed churches</i>.</def>

<blockquote>The town was one of the strongholds of the <b>Reformed</b> faith.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Amended in character and life; <as>as, a <ex>reformed</ex> gambler or drunkard</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Retained in service on half or full pay after the disbandment of the company or troop; -- said of an officer.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Reformer</h1>
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<hw>Re*form"er</hw> <tt>(r?*f?rm"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who effects a reformation or amendment; one who labors for, or urges, reform; <as>as, a <ex>reformer</ex> of manners, or of abuses</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.Hist.)</fld> <def>One of those who commenced the reformation of religion in the sixteenth century, as Luther, Melanchthon, Zwingli, and Calvin.</def>

<h1>Reformist</h1>
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<hw>Re*form"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82formiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A reformer.</def>

<h1>Reformly</h1>
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<hw>Re*form"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of a reform; for the purpose of reform.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Refortification</h1>
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<hw>Re*for`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*f?r`t?*f?*k?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A fortifying anew, or a second time.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Refortify</h1>
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<hw>Re*for"ti*fy</hw> <tt>(r?*f?r"t?*f?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fortify anew.</def>

<h1>Refossion</h1>
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<hw>Re*fos"sion</hw> <tt>(r?*f?sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>refodere</ets>, <ets>refossum</ets>, to dig up again. See <er>Fosse</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of digging up again.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Refound</h1>
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<hw>Re*found"</hw> <tt>(r?*found")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + found</ets> to cast; cf. F. <ets>refondare</ets>. Cf. <er>Refund</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To found or cast anew.</def> "Ancient bells <i>refounded</i>."

<i>T. Warton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To found or establish again; to re<?/stablish.</def>

<h1>Refound</h1>
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<hw>Re*found"</hw>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Refind</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Refounder</h1>
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<hw>Re*found"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who refounds.</def>

<h1>Refract</h1>
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<hw>Re*fract"</hw> <tt>(r?*fr$kt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Refracted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Refracting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>refractus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>refringere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>frangere</ets> to break: cf. F. <ets>r\'82fracter</ets>. SEe <er>FRacture</er>, and cf. <er>Refrain</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bend sharply and abruptly back; to break off.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To break the natural course of, as rays of light orr heat, when passing from one transparent medium to another of different density; to cause to deviate from a direct course by an action distinct from reflection; <as>as, a dense medium <ex>refrcts</ex> the rays of light as they pass into it from a rare medium</as>.</def>

<h1>Refractable</h1>
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<hw>Re*fract"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being refracted.</def>

<h1>Refracted</h1>
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<hw>Re*fract"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Bent backward angularly, as if half-broken; <as>as, a <ex>refracted</ex> stem or leaf</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Turned from a direct course by refraction; <as>as, <ex>refracted</ex> rays of light</as>.</def>

<h1>Refracting</h1>
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<hw>Re*fract"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving or tending to refract; <as>as, a <ex>refracting</ex> medium</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Refracting angle of a prism</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the angle of a triangular prism included between the two sides through which the refracted beam passes in the decomposition of light.</cd> -- <col>Refracting telescope</col>. <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Telescope</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Refraction</h1>
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<hw>Re*frac"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*fr?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82fraction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of refracting, or the state of being refracted.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The change in the direction of ray of light, heat, or the like, when it enters obliquely a medium of a different density from that through which it has previously moved.</def>

<blockquote><b>Refraction</b> out of the rarer medium into the denser, is made towards the perpendicular.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The change in the direction of a ray of light, and, consequently, in the apparent position of a heavenly body from which it emanates, arising from its passage through the earth's atmosphere; -- hence distinguished as atmospheric refraction, or astronomical refraction</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The correction which is to be deducted from the apparent altitude of a heavenly body on account of atmospheric refraction, in order to obtain the true altitude.</def>

<cs><col>Angle of refraction</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the angle which a refracted ray makes with the perpendicular to the surface separating the two media traversed by the ray.</cd> -- <col>Conical refraction</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the refraction of a ray of light into an infinite number of rays, forming a hollow cone. This occurs when a ray of light is passed through crystals of some substances, under certain circumstances. Conical refraction is of two kinds; <i>external conical refraction<i>, in which the ray issues from the crystal in the form of a cone, the vertex of which is at the point of emergence; and <i>internal conical refraction<i>, in which the ray is changed into the form of a cone on entering the crystal, from which it issues in the form of a hollow cylinder. This singular phenomenon was first discovered by Sir W. R. Hamilton by mathematical reasoning alone, unaided by experiment.</cd> -- <col>Differential refraction</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the change of the apparent place of one object relative to a second object near it, due to refraction; also, the correction required to be made to the observed relative places of the two bodies.</cd> -- <col>Double refraction</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the refraction of light in two directions, which produces two distinct images. The power of double refraction is possessed by all crystals except those of the isometric system. A uniaxial crystal is said to be <i>optically positive<i> (like quartz), or <i>optically negative<i> (like calcite), or to have <i>positive<i>, or <i>negative<i>, <i>double refraction<i>, according as the optic axis is the axis of least or greatest elasticity for light; a biaxial crystal is similarly designated when the same relation holds for the acute bisectrix.</cd> -- <col>Index of refraction</col>. <cd>See under <er>Index</er>.</cd> -- <col>Refraction circle</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>an instrument provided with a graduated circle for the measurement of refraction.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Refraction of latitude</col>, <col>longitude</col>, <col>declination</col>, <col>right ascension</col></mcol>, <cd>etc., the change in the apparent latitude, longitude, etc., of a heavenly body, due to the effect of atmospheric refraction.</cd> -- <col>Terrestrial refraction</col>, <cd>the change in the apparent altitude of a distant point on or near the earth's surface, as the top of a mountain, arising from the passage of light from it to the eye through atmospheric strata of varying density.</cd></cs>

<h1>Refractive</h1>
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<hw>Re*fract"ive</hw> <tt>(r?*fr?kt"?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82fractif</ets>. See <er>Refract</er>.]</ety> <def>Serving or having power to refract, or turn from a direct course; pertaining to refraction; <as>as, <ex>refractive</ex> surfaces; <ex>refractive</ex> powers.</as></def>

<cs><col>Refractive index</col>. <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Index of refraction</cref>, under <er>Index</er>.</cd> -- <col>Absolute refractive index</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the index of refraction of a substances when the ray passes into it from a vacuum.</cd> -- <col>Relative refractive index</col> (of two media) <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction for a ray passing out of one of the media into the other.</cd></cs>

<h1>Refractiveness</h1>
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<hw>Re*fract"ive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being refractive.</def>

<h1>Refractometer</h1>
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<hw>Re`frac*tom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(r?`fr?k*t?m"?*t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Refraction</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A contrivance for exhibiting and measuring the refraction of light.</def>

<h1>Refractor</h1>
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<hw>Re*fract"or</hw> <tt>(r<?/-fr<?/kt"<?/r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Anything that refracts</def>; specifically: <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A refracting telescope, in which the image to be viewed is formed by the refraction of light in passing through a convex lens</def>.

<h1>Refractorily</h1>
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<hw>Re*frac"to*ri*ly</hw> <tt>(r?*fr?k"t?*r?*l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a refractory manner; perversely; obstinately.</def>

<h1>Refractoriness</h1>
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<hw>Re*frac"to*ri*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being refractory.</def>

<h1>Refractory</h1>
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<hw>Re*frac"to*ry</hw> <tt>(-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>refractorius</ets>, fr. <ets>refringere</ets>: cf.  F. <ets>refractaire</ets>. See <er>Refract</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Obstinate in disobedience; contumacious; stubborn; unmanageable; <as>as, a <ex>refractory</ex> child; a <ex>refractory</ex> beast</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Raging appetites that are
Most disobedient and <b>refractory</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resisting ordinary treatment; difficult of fusion, reduction, or the like; -- said especially of metals and the like, which do not readily yield to heat, or to the hammer; <as>as, a <ex>refractory</ex> ore</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Perverse; contumacious; unruly; stubborn; obstinate; unyielding; ungovernable; unmanageable.</syn>

<h1>Refractory</h1>
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<hw>Re*frac"to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A refractory person.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Refractoriness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. TAylor.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>O<i>Pottery</i>) A piece of ware covered with a vaporable flux and placed in a kiln, to communicate a glaze to the other articles.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Refracture</h1>
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<hw>Re*frac"ture</hw> <tt>(r?*fr?k"t?r;135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A second breaking (as of a badly set bone) by the surgeon.</def>

<h1>Refracture</h1>
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<hw>Re*frac"ture</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>To break again, as a bone.</def>

<h1>Refragable</h1>
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<hw>Ref"ra*ga*ble</hw> <tt>(r?f"r?*g?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>refragabilis</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>refragari</ets> to oppose.]</ety> <def>Capable of being refuted; refutable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Ref"ra*ga*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark> -- <wf>Ref`*ra*ga*bil"i*ty</wf> <tt>(-b<?/l`<?/*t<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Refragate</h1>
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<hw>Ref"ra*gate</hw> <tt>(-g?t)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>refragatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>refragor</ets>.]</ety> <def>To oppose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Glanvill.</i>

<h1>Refrain</h1>
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<hw>Re*frain"</hw> <tt>(r?*fr?n")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Refrained</er> <tt>(-fr?nd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb/ n.</tt> <er>Refraining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>refreinen</ets>, OF. <ets>refrener</ets>, F. <ets>refr<?/ner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>refrenare</ets>; influenced by OF. <ets>refraindre</ets> to restrain, moderate, fr. LL.  <ets>refrangere</ets>, for L. <ets>refringere</ets> to break up, break (see <er>Refract</er>). L. <ets>refrenare</ets> is fr. pref. <ets>re-</ets> back + <ets>frenum</ets> bridle; cf. Skr. <ets>dh<?/</ets> to hold.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hold back; to restrain; to keep within prescribed bounds; to curb; to govern.</def>

<blockquote>His reson <b>refraineth</b> not his foul delight or talent.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Refrain</b> thy foot from their path.
<i>Prov. i. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To abstain from</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Who, requiring a remedy for his gout, received no other counsel than to <b>refrain</b> cold drink.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Refrain</h1>
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<hw>Re*frain"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To keep one's self from action or interference; to hold aloof; to forbear; to abstain.</def>

<blockquote><b>Refrain</b> from these men, and let them alone.
<i>Acts v. 38.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>refrained</b> therefrom [eating flesh] some time after.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To hold back; forbear; abstain; withhold.</syn>

<h1>Refrain</h1>
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<hw>Re*frain"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>refrain</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>refraindre</ets>; cf. Pr. <ets>refranhs</ets> a refrain, <ets>refranher</ets> to repeat. See <er>Refract</er>,<er>Refrain</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>The burden of a song; a phrase or verse which recurs at the end of each of the separate stanzas or divisions of a poetic composition.</def>

<blockquote>We hear the wild <b>refrain</b>.
<i>Whittier.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Refrainer</h1>
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<hw>Re*frain"er</hw> <tt>(r?*fr?n"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who refrains.</def>

<h1>Refrainment</h1>
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<hw>Re*frain"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of refraining.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Reframe</h1>
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<hw>Re*frame"</hw> <tt>(r?*fr?m)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To frame again or anew.</def>

<h1>Refrangibility</h1>
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<hw>Re*fran`gi*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(r?*fr?n`j?*b?l"?*t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82frangibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being refrangible.</def>

<h1>Refrangible</h1>
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<hw>Re*fran"gi*ble</hw> <tt>(-fr?n"j?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82frangible</ets>. See <er>Refract</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being refracted, or turned out of a direct course, in passing from one medium to another, as rays of light.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*fran"gi*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Refrenation</h1>
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<hw>Ref`re*na"tion</hw> <tt>(r?f`r?*n?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>refrenatio</ets>. See <er>Refrain</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>The act of refraining.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Refresh</h1>
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<hw>Re*fresh"</hw> <tt>(r?*fr?sh")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Refreshed</er> <tt>(-fr?sht")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Refreshing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>refreshen</ets>, <ets>refreschen</ets>, OF. <ets>refreschir</ets> (cf. OF. <ets>rafraischir</ets>, <ets>rafreschir</ets>, F.  <ets>rafra<?/chir</ets>); pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>fres</ets> fresh. F. <ets>frais</ets>. See <er>Fresh</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make fresh again; to restore strength, spirit, animation, or the like, to; to relieve from fatigue or depression; to reinvigorate; to enliven anew; to reanimate; <as>as, sleep <ex>refreshes</ex> the body and the mind</as>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Foer they have <b>refreshed</b> my spirit and yours.
<i>1 Cor. xvi. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And labor shall <b>refresh</b> itself with hope.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make as if new; to repair; to restore.</def>

<blockquote>The rest <b>refresh</b> the scaly snakes that fol<?/
The shield of Pallas, and renew their gold.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To refresh the memory</col>, <cd>to quicken or strengthen it, as by a reference, review, memorandum, or suggestion.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To cool; refrigerate; invigorate; revive; reanimate; renovate; renew; restore; recreate; enliven; cheer.</syn>

<h1>Refresh</h1>
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<hw>Re*fresh"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of refreshing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Daniel.</i>

<h1>Refresher</h1>
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<hw>Re*fresh"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, refreshes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An extra fee paid to counsel in a case that has been adjourned from one term to another, or that is unusually protracted.</def>

<blockquote>Ten guineas a day is the highest <b>refresher</b> which a counsel can charge.
<i>London Truth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Refreshful</h1>
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<hw>Re*fresh"ful</hw> <tt>(-f?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of power to refresh; refreshing.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*fresh"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Refreshing</h1>
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<hw>Re*fresh"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Reviving; reanimating.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*fresh"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*fresh"ing*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Refreshment</h1>
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<hw>Re*fresh"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[CF. OF. <ets>refreschissement</ets>, F. <ets>rafra&icir;chissement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of refreshing, or the state of being refreshed; restoration of strength, spirit, vigor, or liveliness; relief after suffering; new life or animation after depression.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which refreshes; means of restoration or reanimation; especially, an article of food or drink.</def>

<h1>Refret</h1>
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<hw>Re*fret"</hw> <tt>(r?*fr?t")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>refret</ets>, L. <ets>refractus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Refrain</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Refract</er>.]</ety> <def>Refrain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Refreyd</h1>
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<hw>Re*freyd"</hw> <tt>(r?*fr?d")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>refreidier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To chill; to cool.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Refreyded</b> by sickness . . . or by cold drinks.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Refrication</h1>
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<hw>Ref`ri*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(r?f`r?*k?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>refricare</ets> to rub again.]</ety> <def>A rubbing up afresh; a brightening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A continual <b>refrication</b> of the memory.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Refrigerant</h1>
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<hw>Re*frig"er*ant</hw> <tt>(r?*fr?j"?r-<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>refrigerans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>refrigerare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82frig\'82rant</ets>. See <er>Refrigerate</er>.]</ety> <def>Cooling; allaying heat or fever.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Refrigerant</h1>
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<hw>Re*frig"er*ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which makes to be cool or cold; specifically, a medicine or an application for allaying fever, or the symptoms of fever; -- used also figuratively.</def> <i>Holland</i>. "A <i>refrigerant</i> to passion."

<i>Blair.</i>

<h1>Refrigerate</h1>
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<hw>Re*frig"er*ate</hw> <tt>(-?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Refrigerated</er> <tt>(-?`t?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Refrigerating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>refrigeratus</ets>, p. p. cf. <ets>refrigerare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>grigerare</ets> to make cool, fr. <ets>fragus</ets>, <ets>frigoris</ets>, coolness. See <er>Frigid</er>.]</ety> <def>To cause to become cool; to make or keep cold or cool.</def>

<h1>Refrigeration</h1>
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<hw>Re*frig`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(-?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82frig\'82ration</ets>, L.  <ets>refrigeratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of refrigerating or cooling, or the state of being cooled.</def>

<h1>Refrigerative</h1>
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<hw>Re*frig"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(r?*fr?j"?r*?*t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82frig\'82ratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cooling; allaying heat.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A refrigerant.</def></def2>

<blockquote>Crazed brains should come under a <b>refrigerative</b> treatment.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Refrigerator</h1>
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<hw>Re*frig"er*a`tor</hw> <tt>(-?`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which refrigerates or makes cold; that which keeps cool.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A box or room for keeping food or other articles cool, usually by means of ice</def>.<-- now by a mechanical cooling mechanism. --> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An apparatus for rapidly cooling heated liquids or vapors, connected with a still, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Refrigerator car</col> <fld>(Railroad)</fld>, <cd>a freight car constructed as a refrigerator, for the transportation of fresh meats, fish, etc., in a temperature kept cool by ice.</cd></cs><-- or by mechanical refrigeration -->

<h1>Refrigeratory</h1>
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<hw>Re*frig"er*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(-?*t?*r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>refrigeratorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Mitigating heat; cooling.</def>

<h1>Refrigeratory</h1>
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<hw>Re*frig"er*a*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ries</plw> <tt>(-fr<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>r\'82frig\'82ratoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which refrigerates or cools.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In distillation, a vessel filled with cold water, surrounding the worm, the vapor in which is thereby condensed</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The chamber, or tank, in which ice is formed, in an ice machine.</def>

<h1>Refrigerium</h1>
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<hw>Ref`ri*ge"ri*um</hw> <tt>(r?f`r?*j?"r?*?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Cooling refreshment; refrigeration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Refringency</h1>
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<hw>Re*frin"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(r?*fr?n"j<it>e</it>n*s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The power possessed by a substance to refract a ray; <as>as, different substances have different <ex>refringencies</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<h1>Refringent</h1>
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<hw>Re*frin"gent</hw> <tt>(-j<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>refringens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>refringere</ets>. See <er>Refract</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or possessing, refringency; refractive; refracting; <as>as, a <ex>refringent</ex> prism of spar</as>.</def>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<h1>Reft</h1>
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<hw>Reft</hw> <tt>(r?ft)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <mord>of <er>Reave</er></mord>. <def>Bereft.</def>

<blockquote><b>Reft</b> of thy sons, amid thy foes forlorn.
<i>Heber.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reft</h1>
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<hw>Reft</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A chink; a rift. See <er>Rift</er>.</def>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Refuge</h1>
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<hw>Ref"uge</hw> <tt>(r?f"?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82fuge</ets>, L. <ets>refugium</ets>, fr. <ets>refugere</ets> to flee back; pref. <ets>re- + figere</ets>. SEe <er>Fugitive</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Shelter or protection from danger or distress.</def>

<blockquote>Rocks, dens, and caves! But I in none of these
Find place or <b>refuge</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We might have a strong consolation, who have fled for <b>refuge</b> to lay hold upon the hope set before us.
<i>Heb. vi. 18.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which shelters or protects from danger, or from distress or calamity; a stronghold which protects by its strength, or a sanctuary which secures safety by its sacredness; a place inaccessible to an enemy.</def>

<blockquote>The high hills are a <b>refuge</b>r the wild goats.
<i>Ps. civ. 18.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The Lord also will be a <b>refuge</b> for the oppressed.
<i>Ps. ix. 9.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1209">
Page 1209<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An expedient to secure protection or defense; a device or contrivance.</def>

<blockquote>Their latest <b>refuge</b>
Was to send him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Light must be supplied, among graceful<b>refuges</b>, by terracing <?/<?/<?/ story in danger of darkness.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Cities of refuge</col> <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>certain cities appointed as places of safe refuge for persons who had committed homicide without design. Of these there were three on each side of Jordan. <i>Josh. xx</i>.</cd> -- <col>House of refuge</col>, <cd>a charitable institution for giving shelter and protection to the homeless, destitute, or tempted.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Shelter; asylum; retreat; covert.</syn>

<h1>Refuge</h1>
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<hw>Ref"uge</hw> <tt>(r?f"?j)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shelter; to protect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Refugee</h1>
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<hw>Ref`u*gee"</hw> <tt>(r?f`?*j?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82fugi\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>se r\'82fugier</ets> to take refuge. See <er>Refuge</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who flees to a shelter, or place of safety.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Especially, one who, in times of persecution or political commotion, flees to a foreign power or country for safety; <as>as, the French <ex>refugees</ex> who left France after the revocation of the edict of Nantes</as>.</def>

<h1>Refulgence rflj<it>e</it>ns, Refulgency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Re*ful"gence</hw> <tt>(r?*f?l"j<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <hw>Re*ful"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(-j<it>e</it>n*s?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>refulgentia</ets>. See <er>Refulgent</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being refulgent; brilliancy; splender; radiance.</def>

<h1>Refulgent</h1>
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<hw>Re*ful"gent</hw> <tt>(r?*f?l"j<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>refulgens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>refulgere</ets> to flash back, to shine bright; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>fulgere</ets> to shine. See <er>Fulgent</er>.]</ety> <def>Casting a bright light; radiant; brilliant; resplendent; shining; splendid; <as>as, <ex>refulgent</ex> beams</as>. -- <wordforms><wf>Re*ful"gent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>So conspicuous and <b>refulgent</b> a truth.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Refund</h1>
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<hw>Re*fund"</hw> <tt>(r?*f?nd")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + fund</ets>.]</ety> <def>To fund again or anew; to replace (a fund or loan) by a new fund; <as>as, to <ex>refund</ex> a railroad loan</as>.</def>

<h1>Refund</h1>
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<hw>Re*fund"</hw> <tt>(r?*f?nd")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>refundere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>fundere</ets> to pour: cf. F. <ets>refondre</ets>, <ets>refonder</ets>. See <er>Fuse</er> to melt, and cf. <er>Refound</er> to cast again, 1st <er>Refuse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pour back.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Were the humors of the eye tinctured with any color, they would <b>refund</b> that color upon the object.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give back; to repay; to restore.</def>

<blockquote>A governor, that had pillaged the people, was . . . sentenced to <b>refund</b> what he had wrongfully taken.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To supply again with funds; to reimburse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Refunder</h1>
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<hw>Re*fund"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who refunds.</def>

<h1>Refundment</h1>
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<hw>Re*fund"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>The act of refunding; also, that which is refunded.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Lamb.</i>

<h1>Refurbish</h1>
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<hw>Re*fur"bish</hw> <tt>(r?*f?r"b?sh)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furbish anew.</def>

<h1>Refurnish</h1>
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<hw>Re*fur"nish</hw> <tt>(-n?sh)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish again.</def>

<h1>Reffurnishment</h1>
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<hw>Ref*fur"nish*ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of refurnishing, or state of being refurnished.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>refurnishment</b> was in a style richer than before.
<i>L. Wallace.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Refusable</h1>
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<hw>Re*fus"a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?*f?z"?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>refusable</ets>. See <er>Refuse</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being refused; admitting of refusal.</def>

<h1>Refusal</h1>
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<hw>Re*fus"al</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of refusing; denial of anything demanded, solicited, or offered for acceptance.</def>

<blockquote>Do they not seek occasion of new quarrels,
On my <b>refusal</b>, to distress me more?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The right of taking in preference to others; the choice of taking or refusing; option; <as>as, to give one the <ex>refusal</ex> of a farm; to have the <ex>refusal</ex> of an employment</as>.</def>

<h1>Refuse</h1>
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<hw>Re*fuse"</hw> <tt>(r?*f?z")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Refused</er> <tt>(-f?zd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Refusing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>refuser</ets>, either from (assumed) LL. <ets>refusare</ets> to refuse, v. freq. of L.  <ets>refundere</ets> to pour back, give back, restore (see <er>Refund</er> to repay), or. fr. L. <ets>recusare</ets> to decline, refuse cf. <er>Accuse</er>, <er>Ruse</er>), influenced by L. <ets>refutare</ets> to drive back, repel, refute. Cf. <er>Refute</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deny, as a request, demand, invitation, or command; to decline to do or grant.</def>

<blockquote>That never yet <b>refused</b> your hest.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To throw back, or cause to keep back (as the center, a wing, or a flank), out of the regular aligment when troops ar<?/ about to engage the enemy; <as>as, to <ex>refuse</ex> the right wing while the left wing attacks</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To decline to accept; to reject; to deny the request or petition of; <as>as, to <ex>refuse</ex> a suitor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The cunning workman never doth <b>refuse</b>
The meanest tool that he may chance to use.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To disown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Refuse</i> thy name."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Refuse</h1>
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<hw>Re*fuse"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To deny compliance; not to comply.</def>

<blockquote>Too proud to ask, too humble to <b>refuse</b>.
<i>Garth.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If ye <b>refuse</b> . . . ye shall be devoured with the sword.
<i>Isa. i. 20.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Refuse</h1>
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<hw>Re*fuse"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Refusal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fairfax.</i>

<h1>Refuse</h1>
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<hw>Ref`use</hw> <tt>(r?f"?s;277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>refus</ets> refusal, also, that which is refused. See <er>Refuse</er> to deny.]</ety> <def>That which is refused or rejected as useless; waste or worthless matter.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Dregs; sediment; scum; recrement; dross.</syn>

<h1>Refuse</h1>
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<hw>Ref"use</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Refused; rejected; hence; left as unworthy of acceptance; of no value; worthless.</def>

<blockquote>Everything that was vile and <b>refuse</b>, that they destroyed utterly.
<i>1. Sam. xv. 9.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Refuser</h1>
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<hw>Re*fus"er</hw> <tt>(r?*f?z"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who refuses or rejects.</def>

<h1>Refusion</h1>
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<hw>Re*fu"sion</hw> <tt>(r?*f?"zh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-+ fusion</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>New or repeated melting, as of metals.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Restoration.</def> "This doctrine of the <i>refusion</i> of the soul."

<i>Bp. Warbuton.</i>

<h1>Reful</h1>
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<hw>Ref"ul</hw> <tt>(r?f"?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>refuite</ets>.]</ety> <def>Refuge.</def> "Thou haven of <i>refut</i>." <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Refutability</h1>
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<hw>Re*fut`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(r?*f?t`?*b?l"?*t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being refutable.</def>

<h1>Refutable</h1>
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<hw>Re*fut"a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?*f?t"?*b'l;277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82futable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Admitting of being refuted or disproved; capable of being proved false or erroneous.</def>

<h1>Refutal</h1>
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<hw>Re*fut"al</hw> <tt>(r?*f?t"<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of refuting; refutation.</def>

<h1>Refutation</h1>
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<hw>Ref`u*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(r?f`?*t?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>refutatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82futation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of refuting or disproving, or the state of being refuted; proof of falsehood or error; the overthrowing of an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine, or theory, by argument or countervailing proof.</def>

<blockquote>Same of his blunders seem rather to deserve a flogging than a <b>refutation</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Refutatory</h1>
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<hw>Re*fut"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(r?*f?t"?*t?*r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>refutatorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82futatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending tu refute; refuting.</def>

<h1>Refute</h1>
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<hw>Re*fute"</hw> <tt>(r?*F3t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Refuted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Refuting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82futer</ets>, L. <ets>refuteare</ets> to repel, refute. Cf. <er>Confute</er>, <er>Refuse</er> to deny.]</ety> <def>To disprove and overthrow by argument, evidence, or countervailing proof; to prove to be false or erroneous; to confute; <as>as, to <ex>refute</ex> arguments; to <ex>refute</ex> testimony; to <ex>refute</ex> opinions or theories; to <ex>refute</ex> a disputant.</as></def>

<blockquote>There were so many witnesses in these two miracles that it is impossible to <b>refute</b> such multitudes.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To confute; disprove. See <er>Confute</er>.</syn>

<h1>Refuter</h1>
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<hw>Re*fut"er</hw> <tt>(-f?t"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, refutes.</def>

<h1>Regain</h1>
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<hw>Re*gain"</hw> <tt>(r?*g?n")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + gain</ets>: cf. F. <ets>regagner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To gain anew; to get again; to recover, as what has escaped or been lost; to reach again.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To recover; reobtain; repossess; retrieve.</syn>

<h1>Regal</h1>
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<hw>Re"gal</hw> <tt>(r?"g<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>regalis</ets>, fr. <ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>, a king. See <er>Royal</er>, and cf. <er>Rajah</er>, <er>Realm</er>, <er>Regalia</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a king; kingly; royal; <as>as, <ex>regal</ex> authority, pomp, or sway</as>.</def> "The <i>regal</i> title."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He made a scorn of his <b>regal</b> oath.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Kingly; royal. See <er>Kingly</er>.</syn>

<h1>Regal</h1>
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<hw>Re"gal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82gale</ets>, It. <ets>regale</ets>. CF. <er>Rigoll</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A small portable organ, played with one hand, the bellows being worked with the other, -- used in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.</def>

<h1>Regale</h1>
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<hw>Re*ga"le</hw> <tt>(r?*g?"l?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>regale</ets>, pl. <ets>regalia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>regalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82gale</ets>. See <er>Regal</er>.]</ety> <def>A prerogative of royalty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Regale</h1>
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<hw>Re*gale"</hw> <tt>(r?*g?l)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Regaled</er> <tt>(-g?ld")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Regaling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82galer</ets>, Sp. <ets>regalar</ets> to regale, to caress, to melt, perhaps fr. L. <ets>regalare</ets> to thaw (cff. <er>Gelatin</er>), or cf. Sp. <ets>gala</ets> graceful, pleasing address, choicest part of a thing (cf. <er>Gala</er>), or most likely from OF. <ets>galer</ets> to rejoice, <ets>gale</ets> pleasure.]</ety> <def>To enerta<?/n in a regal or sumptuous manner; to enrtertain with something that delights; to gratify; to refresh; <as>as, to <ex>regale</ex> the taste, the eye, or the ear</as>.</def>

<h1>Regale</h1>
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<hw>Re*gale"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To feast; t<?/ fare sumtuously.</def>

<h1>Regale</h1>
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<hw>Re*gale"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82gal</ets>. See <er>Regale</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>A sumptuous repast; a banquet.</def>

<i>Johnson. Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>Two baked custards were produced as additions to the <b>regale</b>.
<i>E. E. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Regalement</h1>
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<hw>Re*gale"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of regaling; anything which regales; refreshment; entertainment.</def>

<h1>Regaler</h1>
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<hw>Re*gal"er</hw> <tt>(-g?l"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who regales.</def>

<h1>Regalia</h1>
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<hw>Re*ga"li*a</hw> <tt>(r?*g?"l?*?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[LL., from L. <ets>regalis</ets>regal. See <er>Regal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which belongs to royalty. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> The rights and prerogatives of a king. <sd>(b)</sd> Royal estates and revenues. <sd>(c)</sd> Ensings, symbols, or paraphernalia of royalty.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, decorations or insignia of an office or order, as of Freemasons, Odd Fellows,etc.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sumptuous food; delicacies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cotton.</i>

<cs><col>Regalia of a church</col>, <cd>the privileges granted to it by kings; sometimes, its patrimony.</cd></cs>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Regalia</h1>
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<hw>Re*ga"li*a</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of cigar of large size and superior quality; also, the size in which such cigars are classed.</def>

<h1>Regalian</h1>
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<hw>Re*ga"li*an</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to regalia; pertaining to the royal insignia or prerogatives.</def>

<i>Hallam.</i>

<h1>Regalism</h1>
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<hw>Re"gal*ism</hw> <tt>(r?"g<it>a</it>l*?z'm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine of royal prerogative or supremacy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cardinal Manning.</i>

<h1>Regality</h1>
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<hw>Re*gal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(r?*g?l"?*t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>regalitas</ets>, from L. <ets>regalis</ets> regal, royal. See <er>Regal</er>, and cf. <er>Royality</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Royalty; ssovereignty; sovereign jurisdiction.</def>

<blockquote>[Passion] robs reason of her due <b>regalitie</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He came partly in by the sword, and had high courage in all points of <b>regality</b>.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ensign or badge of royalty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Regally</h1>
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<hw>Re"gal*ly</hw> <tt>(r?"g<it>a</it>l*l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a regal or royal manner.</def>

<h1>Regard</h1>
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<hw>Re*gard"</hw> <tt>(r?*g?rd")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Regarded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Regarding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>regarder</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re + <ets>garder</ets> to guard, heed, keep. See <er>Guard</er>, and cf. <er>Reward</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To keep in view; to behold; to look at; to view; to gaze upon.</def>

<blockquote>Your niece <b>regards</b> me with an eye of favor.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to look or front toward; to face.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>It is peninsula which <b>regardeth</b> the mainland.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That exceedingly beatiful seat, on the ass<?/ent of a hill, flanked with wood and <b>regarding</b> the river.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To look closely at; to observe attentively; to pay attention to; to notice or remark particularly.</def>

<blockquote>If much you note him,
You offened him; . . . feed, and <b>regard</b> him not.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To look upon, as in a certain relation; to hold as an popinion; to consider; <as>as, to <ex>regard</ex> abstinence from wine as a duty; to <ex>regard</ex> another as a friend or enemy.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To consider and treat; to have a certain feeling toward; <as>as, to <ex>regard</ex> one with favor or dislike</as>.</def>

<blockquote>His associates seem to have <b>regarded</b> him with kindness.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To pay respect to; to treat as something of peculiar value, sanctity, or the like; to care for; to esteem.</def>

<blockquote>He that <b>regardeth</b> thae day, <b>regardeth</b> it into the LOrd.
<i>Rom. xiv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Here's Beaufort, that <b>regards</b> nor God nor king.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To take into consideration; to take account of, as a fact or condition.</def> "Nether <i>regarding</i> that she is my child, nor fearing me as if II were her father."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To have relation to, as bearing upon; to respect; to relate to; to touch; <as>as, an argument does not <ex>regard</ex> the question</as>; -- often used impersonally; <as>as, I agree with you as <ex>regards</ex> this or that</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To consider; observe; remark; heed; mind; respect; esteem; estimate; value. See <er>Attend</er>.</syn>

<h1>Regard</h1>
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<hw>Re*gard"</hw> <tt>(r?*g?rd")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To look attentively; to consider; to notice.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Regard</h1>
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<hw>Re*gard"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>regard</ets> See <er>Regard</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A look; aspect directed to another; view; gaze.</def>

<blockquote>But her, with stern <b>regard</b>, he thus repelled.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attention of the mind with a feeling of interest; observation; heed; notice.</def>

<blockquote>Full many a lady
I have eyed with best <b>regard</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That view of the mind which springs from perception of value, estimable qualities, or anything that excites admiration; respect; esteem; reverence; affection; <as>as, to have a high <ex>regard</ex> for a person</as>; -- often in the plural.</def>

<blockquote>He has rendered himself worthy of their most favorable <b>regards</b>.
<i>A. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Save the long-sought <b>regards</b> of woman, nothing is sweeter than those marks of childish preference.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>State of being regarded, whether favorably or otherwise; estimation; repute; note; account.</def>

<blockquote>A man of meanest <b>regard</b> amongst them, neither having wealth or power.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Consideration; thought; reflection; heed.</def>

<blockquote>Sad pause and deep <b>regard</b> become the sage.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Matter for conssideration; account; condition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Reason full of good <i>regard</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Respect; relation; reference.</def>

<blockquote>Persuade them to pursue and persevere in virtue, with <b>regard</b> to themselves; in justice and goodness with <b>regard</b> to their neighbors; and piefy toward God.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The phrase <i>in regard of</i> was formerly used as equivalent in meaning to <i>on account of</i>, but in modern usage is often improperly substituted for <i>in respect to</i>, or <i>in regard to</i>.</note>

<i>G. P. Marsh.</i>

<blockquote>Change was thought necessary <b>in regard of</b> the injury the church did receive by a number of things then in use.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>In regard of</b> its security, it had a great advantage over the bandboxes.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Object of sight; scene; view; aspect.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Throw out our eyes for brave Othello,
Even till we make the main and the a\'89rial blue
An indistinct <b>regard</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(O.Eng.Law)</fld> <def>Supervision; inspection.</def>

<cs><col>At regard of</col>, <cd>in consideration of; in comparison with. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  "Bodily penance is but short and little <i>at regard of<i> the pains of hell." <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>Court of regard</col>, <cd>a forest court formerly held in England every third year for the lawing, or expeditation, of dogs, to prevent them from running after deer; -- called also <altname>survey of dogs</altname>. <i>Blackstone</i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Respect; consideration; notice; observance; heed; care; concern; estimation; esteem; attachment; reverence.</syn>

<h1>Regardable</h1>
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<hw>Re*gard"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worthy of regard or notice; to be regarded; observable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Regardant</h1>
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<hw>Re*gard"ant</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>regardant</ets>, fr. <ets>regarder</ets>. See <er>Regard</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>regardant</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Looking behind; looking backward watchfully.</def>

<blockquote>[He] turns thither his <b>regardant</b> eye.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Looking behind or backward; <as>as, a lion <ex>regardant</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(O.Eng.Law)</fld> <def>Annexed to the land or manor; <as>as, a villain <ex>regardant</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Regarder</h1>
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<hw>Re*gard"er</hw> <tt>(r?*g?rd"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who regards.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Forest law)</fld> <def>An officer appointed to supervise the forest.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<h1>Regardful</h1>
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<hw>Re*gard"ful</hw> <tt>(-f?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Heedful; attentive; observant.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*gard"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>Let a man be very tender and <b>regardful</b> of every pious motion made by the Spirit of God to his heart.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Mindful; heedful; attentive; observant.</syn>

<h1>Regarding</h1>
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<hw>Re*gard"ing</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>Concerning; respecting.</def>

<h1>Regardless</h1>
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<hw>Re*gard"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having no regard; heedless; careless; <as>as, <ex>regardless</ex> of life, consequences, dignity</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Regardless</b> of the bliss wherein he sat.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not regarded; slighted.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Spectator.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Heedless; negligent; careless; indifferent; unconcerned; inattentive; unobservant; neglectful.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*gard"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*gard"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Regather</h1>
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<hw>Re*gath"er</hw> <tt>(r?*g?th"?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To gather again.</def>

<h1>Regatta</h1>
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<hw>Re*gat"ta</hw> <tt>(r?*g?t"t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Regattas</plw> <tt>(-t<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[It. <ets>regatta</ets>, <ets>regata</ets>.]</ety> <def>Originally, a gondola race in Venice; now, a rowing or sailing race, or a series of such races.</def>

<h1>Regel</h1>
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<hw>Re"gel</hw> <tt>(r?"g?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>See <er>Rigel</er>.</def>

<h1>Regelate</h1>
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<hw>Re"ge*late</hw> <tt>(r?"j?*l?t &or; r?j"?-)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>To freeze together again; to undergo regelation, as ice.</def>

<h1>Regelation</h1>
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<hw>Re`ge*la"tion</hw> <tt>(-l?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + L. <ets>gelatio</ets> a freezing.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The act or process of freezing anew, or together,as two pieces of ice.</def>

<note>&hand; Two pieces of ice at (or even) 32<?/ Fahrenheit, with moist surfaces, placed in contact, freeze together to a rigid mass. This is called <i>regelation</i>.</note>

<i>Faraday.</i>

<h1>Regence</h1>
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<hw>Re"gence</hw> <tt>(r?"j<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Regency</h1>
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<hw>Re"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(r?*j<it>e</it>n*s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Regencies</plw> <tt>(-s<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>r\'82gence</ets>, LL. <ets>regentia</ets>. See <er>Regent</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The office of ruler; rule; authority; government.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Especially, the office, jurisdiction, or dominion of a regent or vicarious ruler, or of a body of regents; deputed or vicarious government.</def>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A body of men intrusted with vicarious government; <as>as, a <ex>regency</ex> constituted during a king's minority, absence from the kingdom, or other disability</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A council or <b>regency</b> consisting of twelve persons.
<i>Lowth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Regeneracy</h1>
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<hw>Re*gen"er*a*cy</hw> <tt>(r?*j?n"?r*?*s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Regenerate</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being regenerated.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Regenerate</h1>
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<hw>Re*gen"er*ate</hw> <tt>(-?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>regeneratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>regenerare</ets> to regenerate; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>generare</ets> to beget. See <er>Generate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Reproduced.</def>

<blockquote>The earthly author of my blood,
Whose youthful spirit, in me <b>regenerate</b>,
Doth with a twofold vigor lift me up.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Born anew; become Christian; renovated in heart; changed from a natural to a spiritual state.</def>

<hr>
<page="1210">
Page 1210<p>

<h1>Regenerate</h1>
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<hw>Re*gen"er*ate</hw> <tt>(r?*j?n"?r*?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To generate or produce anew; to reproduce; to give new life, strength, or vigor to.</def>

<blockquote>Through all the soil a genial fferment spreads.
<b>Regenerates</b> the plauts, and new adorns the meads.
<i>Blackmore.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>To cause to be spiritually born anew; to cause to become a Christian; to convert from sin to holiness; to implant holy affections in the heart of.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, to make a radical change for the better in the character or condition of; <as>as, to <ex>regenerate</ex> society</as>.</def>

<h1>Regenerateness</h1>
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<hw>Re*gen"er*ate*ness</hw> <tt>(-?t*n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being rgenerate.</def>

<h1>Regeneration</h1>
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<hw>Re*gen`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(-?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>regeneratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82g\'82neration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of regenerating, or the state of being regenerated.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The entering into a new spiritual life; the act of becoming, or of being made, Christian; that change by which holy affectations and purposes are substituted for the opposite motives in the heart.</def>

<blockquote>He saved us by the washing of <b>regeneration</b>, and renewing of the Holy Chost.
<i>Tit. iii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The reproduction of a part which has been removed or destroyed; re-formation; -- a process especially characteristic of a many of the lower animals; <as>as, the <ex>regeneration</ex> of lost feelers, limbs, and claws by spiders and crabs</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The reproduction or renewal of tissues, cells, etc., which have been used up and destroyed by the ordinary processes of life; <as>as, the continual <ex>regeneration</ex> of the epithelial cells of the body, or the <ex>regeneration</ex> of the contractile substance of muscle</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The union of parts which have been severed, so that they become anatomically perfect; <as>as, the <ex>regeneration</ex> of a nerve</as>.</def>

<h1>Regenerative</h1>
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<hw>Re*gen"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(r?*j?n"?r*?*t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to regeneration; tending to regenerate; <as>as, <ex>regenerative</ex> influences</as>.</def>

<i>H. Bushnell.</i>

<cs><col>Regenerative furnace</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>a furnace having a regenerator in which gas used for fuel, and air for supporting combustion, are heated; a Siemens furnace.</cd></cs>

<h1>Regeneratively</h1>
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<hw>Re*gen"er*a*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to regenerate.</def>

<h1>Regenerator</h1>
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<hw>Re*gen"er*a`tor</hw> <tt>(-?`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, regenerates.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A device used in connection with hot-air engines, gas-burning furnaces, etc., in which the incoming air or gas is heated by being brought into contact with masses of iron, brick, etc., which have been previously heated by the outgoing, or escaping, hot air or gas.</def>

<h1>Regeneratory</h1>
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<hw>Re*gen"er*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(-?*t?*r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power to renew; tending to reproduce; regenerating.</def>

<i>G. S. Faber.</i>

<h1>Regenesis</h1>
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<hw>Re*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(-?*s?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>New birth; renewal.</def>

<blockquote>A continued <b>regenesis</b> of dissenting sects.
<i>H. Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Regent</h1>
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<hw>Re"gent</hw> <tt>(r?"j<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>regens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>regere</ets> to rule: cf. F. <ets>r\'82gent</ets>. See <er>Regiment</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ruling; governing; regnant.</def> "Some other active <i>regent</i> principle . . . which we call the soul."

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Exercising vicarious authority.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><col>Queen regent</col>. <cd>See under <er>Queen</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Regent</h1>
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<hw>Re"gent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82gent</ets>. See <er>Regent</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who rules or reigns; a governor; a ruler.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Especially, one invested with vicarious authority; one who governs a kingdom in the minority, absence, or disability of the sovereign.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One of a governing board; a trustee or overseer; a superintendent; a curator; <as>as, the <ex>regents</ex> of the Smithsonian Institution</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eng.Univ.)</fld> <def>A resident master of arts of less than five years' standing, or a doctor of less than twwo. They were formerly privileged to lecture in the schools.</def>

<cs><col>Regent bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful Australian bower bird (<spn>Sericulus melinus</spn>). The male has the head, neck, and large patches on the wings, bright golden yellow, and the rest of the plumage deep velvety black; -- so called in honor of the Prince of Wales (afterward George IV.), who was Prince Regent in the reign of George III.</cd> -- <col>The Regents of the University of the State of New York</col>, <cd>the members of a corporate body called the University of New York. They have a certain supervisory power over the incorporated institution for Academic and higher education in the State.</cd></cs>

<h1>Regentess</h1>
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<hw>Re"gent*ess</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A female regent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Regentship</h1>
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<hw>Re"gent*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a regent; regency.</def>

<h1>Regerminate</h1>
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<hw>Re*ger"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(r?*j?r"m?*n?t)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + germinate</ets>: cf. L. <ets>regerminare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To germinate again.</def>

<blockquote>Perennial plants <b>regerminate</b> several years successively.
<i>J. Lee.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Regermination</h1>
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<hw>Re*ger`mi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(-n?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>regerminatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A germinating again or anew.</def>

<h1>Regest</h1>
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<hw>Re*gest"</hw> <tt>(r?*j?st")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>regesta</ets>, pl.: cf. OF. <ets>regestes</ets>, pl. See <er>Register</er>.]</ety> <def>A register.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Reget</h1>
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<hw>Re*get"</hw> <tt>(r?*g?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To get again.</def>

<h1>Regian</h1>
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<hw>Re"gi*an</hw> <tt>(r?"j?-<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>regius</ets> regal.]</ety> <def>An upholder of kingly authority; a royalist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Regible</h1>
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<hw>Reg"i*ble</hw> <tt>(r?j"?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>regibilis</ets>, from <ets>regere</ets> to rule.]</ety> <def>Governable; tractable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Regicidal</h1>
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<hw>Reg"i*ci`dal</hw> <tt>(r?j"?*s?`d<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to regicide, or to one committing it; having the nature of, or resembling, regicide.</def>

<i>Bp. Warburton.</i>

<h1>Regicide</h1>
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<hw>Reg"i*cide</hw> <tt>(r?j"?*s?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82gicide</ets>; L. <ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>, a king + <ets>caedere</ets> to kill. Cf. <er>Homicide</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who kills or who murders a king; specifically <fld>(Eng.Hist.)</fld>, one of the judges who condemned Charles I. to death.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The killing or the murder of a king.</def>

<h1>Regild</h1>
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<hw>Re*gild"</hw> <tt>(r?*g?ld")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To gild anew.</def>

<h1>R\'82gime</h1>
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<hw>R\'82`gime"</hw> <tt>(r?`zh?m")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Regimen</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Mode or system of rule or management; character of government, or of the prevailing social system.</def>

<blockquote>I dream . . . of the new <b>r\'82gime</b> which is to come.
<i>H. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Hydraul.)</fld> <def>The condition of a river with respect to the rate of its flow, as measured by the volume of water passing different cross sections in a given time, <i>uniform r\'82gime</i> being the condition when the flow is equal and uniform at all the cross sections.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>The ancient r\'82gime</col>, &or; <col>Ancien r\'82gime</col></mcol> <ety>[F.]</ety>, <cd>the former political and social system, as distinguished from the <i>modern<i>; especially, the political and social system existing in France before the Revolution of 1789.</cd></cs>

<h1>Regimen</h1>
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<hw>Reg"i*men</hw> <tt>(r?j"?*m?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>regimen</ets>, <ets>-inis</ets>, fr. <ets>regere</ets> to guide, to rule. See <er>Right</er>, and cf. <er>Regal</er>, <er>R\'82gime</er>, <er>Regiment</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Orderly government; system of order; adminisration.</def>

<i>Hallam.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any regulation or remedy which is intended to produce beneficial effects by gradual operation</def>; esp. <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <def>a systematic course of diet, etc., pursed with a view to improving or preserving the health, or for the purpose of attaining some particular effect, as a reduction of flesh; -- sometimes used synonymously with <altname>hygiene</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A syntactical relation between words, as when one depends on another and is regulated by it in respect to case or mood; government</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The word or words governed.</def>

<h1>Regiment</h1>
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<hw>Reg"i*ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82giment</ets> a regiment of men, OF. also government, L. <ets>regimentum</ets> government, fr. <ets>regere</ets> to guide, rule. See <er>Regimen</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Government; mode of ruling; rule; authority; regimen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Spenser</i>. "<i>Regiment</i> of health." <i>Bacon</i>.

<blockquote>But what are kings, when <b>regiment</b> is gone,
But perfect shadows in a sunshine day?
<i>Marlowe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The law of nature doth now require of necessity some kind of <b>regiment</b>.
<i>Hocker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A region or district governed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A body of men, either horse, foot, or artillery, commanded by a colonel, and consisting of a number of companies, usually ten.</def>

<note>&hand; In the British army all the artillery are included in one regiment, which (reversing the usual practice) is divided into brigades.</note>

<cs><col>Regiment of the line</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a regiment organized for general service; -- in distinction from those (as the Life Guards) whose duties are usually special. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Regiment</h1>
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<hw>Reg"i*ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>?</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Regimented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Regimenting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To form into a regiment or into regiments.</def>

<i>Washington.</i>

<h1>Regimental</h1>
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<hw>Reg`i*men"tal</hw> <tt>(-m?n"t<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to, or concerning, a regiment; <as>as, <ex>regimental</ex> officers, clothing</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Regimental school</col>, <cd>in the British army, a school for the instruction of the private soldiers of a regiment, and their children, in the rudimentary branches of education.</cd></cs>

<h1>Regimentally</h1>
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<hw>Reg`i*men"tal*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In or by a regiment or regiments; <as>as, troops classified <ex>regimentally</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Regimentals</h1>
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<hw>Reg`i*men"tals</hw> <tt>(-t<it>a</it>lz)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The uniform worn by the officers and soldiers of a regiment; military dress; -- formerly used in the singular in the same sense.</def>

<i>Colman.</i>

<h1>Regiminal</h1>
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<hw>Re*gim"i*nal</hw> <tt>(r?*j?m"?*n<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or relating to regimen; <as>as, <ex>regiminal</ex> rules</as>.</def>

<h1>Region</h1>
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<hw>Re"gion</hw> <tt>(r?"j?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82gion</ets>, from L. <ets>regio</ets> a direction, a boundary line, region, fr. <ets>regere</ets> to guide, direct. See <er>Regimen</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One of the grand districts or quarters into which any space or surface, as of the earth or the heavens, is conceived of as divided; hence, in general, a portion of space or territory of indefinite extent; country; province; district; tract.</def>

<blockquote>If thence he 'scappe, into whatever world,
Or unknown <b>region</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tract, part, or space, lying about and including anything; neighborhood; vicinity; sphere.</def> "Though the fork invade the <i>region</i> of my heart."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Philip, tetrarch of .. the <b>region</b> of Trachonitis.
<i>Luke iii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The upper air; the sky; the heavens.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Anon the dreadful thunder
Doth rend the <b>region</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The inhabitants of a district.</def>

<i>Matt. iii. 5.  </i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Place; rank; station.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He is of too high a <b>region</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Regional</h1>
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<hw>Re"gion*al</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a particular region; sectional.</def>

<h1>Regious</h1>
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<hw>Re"gi*ous</hw> <tt>(-j?*?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>regius</ets> royal, fr. <ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>, king.]</ety> <def>Regal; royal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harrington.</i>

<h1>Register</h1>
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<hw>Reg"is*ter</hw> <tt>(r?j"?s*t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>registre</ets>, F. <ets>registre</ets>, LL. <ets>registrum</ets>,<ets>regestum</ets>, L. <ets>regesta</ets>, pl., fr. <ets>regerere</ets>, <ets>regestum</ets>, to carry back, to register; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>gerere</ets> to carry. See <er>Jest</er>, and cf. <er>Regest</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A written account or entry; an official or formal enumeration, description, or record; a memorial record; a list or roll; a schedule.</def>

<blockquote>As you have one eye upon my follies, . . . turn another into the <b>register</b> of your own.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A record containing a list and description of the merchant vessels belonging to a port or customs district.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A certificate issued by the collector of customs of a port or district to the owner of a vessel, containing the description of a vessel, its name, ownership, and other material facts. It is kept on board the vessel, to be used as an evidence of nationality or as a muniment of title.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>registrarius</ets>. Cf. <er>Regisrar</er>.]</ety> <def>One who registers or records; a registrar; a recorder; especially, a public officer charged with the duty of recording certain transactions or events; <as>as, a <ex>register</ex> of deeds</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which registers or records.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A contrivance for automatically noting the performance of a machine or the rapidity of a process</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Teleg.)</fld> <def>The part of a telegraphic apparatus which records automatically the message received</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A machine for registering automatically the number of persons passing through a gateway, fares taken, etc.; a telltale.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A lid, stopper, or sliding plate, in a furnace, stove, etc., for regulating the admission of air to the fuel; also, an arrangement containing dampers or shutters, as in the floor or wall of a room or passage, or in a chimney, for admitting or excluding heated air, or for regulating ventilation.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The inner part of the mold in which types are cast.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The correspondence of pages, columns, or lines on the opposite or reverse sides of the sheet.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The correspondence or adjustment of the several impressions in a design which is printed in parts, as in chromolithographic printing, or in the manufacture of paper hangings. See <er>Register</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> 2.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The compass of a voice or instrument; a specified portion of the compass of a voice, or a series of vocal tones of a given compass; <as>as, the upper, middle, or lower <ex>register</ex>; the soprano <ex>register</ex>; the tenor <ex>register</ex></as>.</def>

<note>&hand; In respect to the vocal tones, the <i>thick register</i> properly extends below from the F on the lower space of the treble staff. The <i>thin register</i> extends an octave above this. The <i>small register</i> is above the thin. The voice in the thick register is called the <i>chest voice</i>; in the thin, the <i>head voice</i>. <i>Falsetto</i> is a kind off voice, of a thin, shrull quality, made by using the mechanism of the upper thin register for tones below the proper limit on the scale.</note>

<i>E. Behnke.</i>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A stop or set of pipes in an organ</def>.

<cs><col>Parish register</col>, <cd>A book in which are recorded the births, baptisms, marriages, deaths, and burials in a parish.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- List; catalogue; roll; record; archives; chronicle; annals. See <er>List</er>.</syn>

<h1>Register</h1>
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<hw>Reg"is*ter</hw> <tt>(r?j"?s*t?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Registere</er> <tt>(-t?rd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Registering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>regisrer</ets>, <ets>exregistrer</ets>, LL. <ets>registrare</ets>. See <er>Register</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>T<?/ enter in a register; to record formally and distinctly, as for future use or service.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enroll; to enter in a list.</def>

<blockquote>Such follow him as shall be <b>registered</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Registered letter</col>, <cd>a letter, the address of which is, on payment of a special fee, registered in the post office and the transmission and delivery of which are attended to with particular care.</cd></cs>

<h1>Register</h1>
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<hw>Reg"is*ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To enroll one's name in a register.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To correspond in ralative position; <as>as, two pages, columns, etc.</as> , <i>register</i> when the corresponding parts fall in the same line, or when line falls exactly upon line in reverse pages, or (as in chromatic printing) where the various colors of the design are printed consecutively, and perfect adjustment of parts is necessary.</def>

<h1>Registering</h1>
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<hw>Reg"is*ter*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Recording; -- applied to instruments; having an apparatus which registers; <as>as, a <ex>registering</ex> thermometer</as>. See <er>Recording</er>.</def>

<h1>Registership</h1>
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<hw>Reg"is*ter*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a register.</def>

<h1>Registrant</h1>
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<hw>Reg"is*trant</hw> <tt>(-tr<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>registrans</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>One who registers; esp., one who , by virtue of securing an official registration, obtains a certain right or title of possession, as to a trade-mark.</def>

<h1>Registrar</h1>
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<hw>Reg"is*trar</hw> <tt>(-tr?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>registrarius</ets>, or F. <ets>r\'82gistraire</ets>. See <er>Register</er>.]</ety> <def>One who registers; a recorder; a keeper of records; <as>as, a <ex>registrar</ex> of births, deaths, and marriages</as>. See <er>Register</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Registrarship</h1>
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<hw>Reg"is*trar*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office of a registrar.</def>

<h1>Registrary</h1>
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<hw>Reg"is*tra*ry</hw> <tt>(- tr?*r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A registrar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Registrate</h1>
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<hw>Reg"is*trate</hw> <tt>(-tr?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To register.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Registration</h1>
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<hw>Reg`is*tra"tion</hw> <tt>(-tr?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>registratio</ets>, or F. <ets>r\'82gistration</ets>. See <er>Register</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of registering; registry; enrollment.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The art of selecting and combining the stops or registers of an organ.</def>

<h1>Registry</h1>
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<hw>Reg"is*try</hw> <tt>(r?j"?s*tr?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of recording or writing in a register; enrollment; registration.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The place where a register is kept.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A record; an account; a register.</def>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<h1>Regius</h1>
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<hw>Re"gi*us</hw> <tt>(r?l"?*?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>regius</ets>, from <ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>, a king.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a king; royal.</def>

<cs><col>Regius professor</col>, <cd>an incumbent of a professorship founded by royal bounty, as in an English university.</cd></cs>

<h1>Regive</h1>
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<hw>Re*give"</hw> <tt>(r?*g?v")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give again; to give back.</def>

<h1>Regle</h1>
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<hw>Re"gle</hw> <tt>(r?g"'l)</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Reglement</er>.]</ety> <def>To rule; to govern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>regle</i> their lives."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Reglement</h1>
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<hw>Re"gle*ment</hw> <tt>(r?g"'l*m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82glement</ets>, fr. <ets>r\'82gler</ets>, L. <ets>regulare</ets>. See <er>Regulate</er>.]</ety> <def>Regulation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The reformation and <b>reglement<b> of usuary. <i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reglementary</h1>
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<hw>Reg`le*men"ta*ry</hw> <tt>(-l?*m?n"t?*r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82glementaire</ets>, fr. <ets>r\'82glement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Regulative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Reglet</h1>
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<hw>Reg"let</hw> <tt>(r?g"l?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82glet</ets>, dim. of <ets>r\'8agle</ets> a rule, L. <ets>regula</ets>. See <er>Rule</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A flat, narrow molding, used chiefly to separate the parts or members of compartments or panels from one another, or doubled, turned, and interlaced so as to form knots, frets, or other ornaments. See <er>Illust</er>. (12) of <er>Column</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld><def>A strip of wood or metal of the height of a quadrat, used for regulating the space between pages in a chase, and also for spacing out title-pages and other open matter. It is graded to different sizes, and designated by the name of the type that it matches; <as>as, nonpareil <ex>reglet</ex>, pica <ex>reglet</ex>, and the like</as>.</def>

<h1>Regma</h1>
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<hw>Reg"ma</hw> <tt>(r?g"m?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, -<?/<?/<?/, fracture, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ to break.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of dry fruit, consisting of three or more cells, each which at length breaks open at the inner angle.</def>

<h1>Regmacarp</h1>
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<hw>Reg"ma*carp</hw> <tt>(-k?rp)</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[<ets>Regma</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any dry dehiscent fruit.</def>

<h1>Regnal</h1>
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<hw>Reg"nal</hw> <tt>(r?g"n<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>regnum</ets> reign.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the reign of a monarch; <as>as, <ex>regnal</ex> years</as>.</def>

<h1>Regnancy</h1>
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<hw>Reg"nan*cy</hw> <tt>(-n<it>a</it>n*s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition or quality of being regnant; sovereignty; rule.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Regnant</h1>
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<hw>Reg"nant</hw> <tt>(-n<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>regnans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>regnare</ets> to reign: cf. F <ets>r\'82gnant</ets>. See <er>Reign</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Exercising regal authority; reigning; <as>as, a queen <ex>regnant</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the chief power; ruling; predominant; prevalent.</def> "A traitor to the vices <i>regnant</i>."

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Regnative</h1>
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<hw>Reg"na*tive</hw> <tt>(-n?*t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ruling; governing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Regne</h1>
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<hw>Regne</hw> <tt>(r?n)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>See <er>Reign</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Regorge</h1>
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<hw>Re*gorge"</hw> <tt>(r?*g?rj")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>regorder</ets>; <ets>re- + gorger</ets> to gorge. Cf. <er>Regurgitate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To vomit up; to eject from the stomach; to throw back.</def>

<i>Hayward.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To swallow again; to swallow back.</def>

<blockquote>Tides at highest mark <b>regorge</b> the flood.
<i>DRyden.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1211">
Page 1211<p>

<h1>Regrade</h1>
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<hw>Re*grade"</hw> <tt>(r?*gr?d")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>gradi</ets> to go. Cf. Regrede. ]</ety> <def>To retire; to go back.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>W. Hales.</i>

<h1>Regraft</h1>
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<hw>Re*graft"</hw> <tt>(r?*gr?ft")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To graft again.</def>

<h1>Regrant</h1>
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<hw>Re*grant"</hw> <tt>(r?*gr?nt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To grant back; to grant again or anew.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Regrant</h1>
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<hw>Re*grant"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of granting back to a former proprietor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A renewed of a grant; <as>as, the <ex>regrant</ex> of a monopoly</as>.</def>

<h1>Regrate</h1>
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<hw>Re*grate"</hw> <tt>(r?*gr?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Regrated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Regrating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>regratter</ets>, literally, to scrape again. See <er>Re</er>-, and <er>Grate</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>To remove the outer surface of, as of an old hewn stone, so as to give it a fresh appearance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To offend; to shock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Derham.</i>

<h1>Regrate</h1>
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<hw>Re*grate"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>regratter</ets> to regrate provisions; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Eng.Law)</fld> <def>To buy in large quantities, as corn, provisions, etc., at a market or fair, with the intention of selling the same again, in or near the same place, at a higher price, -- a practice which was formerly treated as a public offense.</def>

<h1>Regrater</h1>
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<hw>Re*grat"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>regrattier</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who regrates.</def>

<h1>Regratery</h1>
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<hw>Re*grat"er*y</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or practice of regrating.</def>

<h1>Regratiatory</h1>
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<hw>Re*gra"ti*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(r?*gr?"sh?*?*t?*r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A returning or giving of thanks.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Regrator</h1>
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<hw>Re*grat"or</hw> <tt>(r?*gr?t"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One guilty of regrating.</def>

<h1>Regrede</h1>
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<hw>Re*grede"</hw> <tt>(r?*gr?d")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>regredi</ets> to go back. Cf. <er>Regrade</er>, <er>Regress</er>.]</ety> <def>To go back; to retrograde, as the apsis of a planet's orbit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Todhunter.</i>

<h1>Regredience</h1>
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<hw>Re*gre"di*ence</hw> <tt>(r?*gr?"d?-<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A going back; a retrogression; a return.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Herrick.</i>

<h1>Regreet</h1>
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<hw>Re*greet"</hw> <tt>(r?*gr?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To greet again; to resalute; to return a salutation to; to greet.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Regreet</h1>
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<hw>Re*greet"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A return or exchange of salutation.</def>

<h1>Regress</h1>
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<hw>Re"gress</hw> <tt>(r?"gr?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>regressus</ets>, fr. <ets>regredi</ets>, <ets>regressus</ets>. See <er>Regrede</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of passing back; passage back; return; retrogression. "The progress or <i>regress</i> of man".</def>

<i>F. Harrison.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The power or liberty of passing back.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Regress</h1>
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<hw>Re*gress"</hw> <tt>(r?*gr?s")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Regressed</er> <tt>(-gr?st")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Regressing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To go back; to return to a former place or state.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Regression</h1>
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<hw>Re*gres"sion</hw> <tt>(r?*gr?sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>regressio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82gression</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of passing back or returning; retrogression; retrogradation.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<cs><col>Edge of regression</col> (of a surface) <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the line along which a surface turns back upon itself; -- called also a <altname>cuspidal edge</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Regression point</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a cusp.</cd></cs>

<h1>Regressive</h1>
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<hw>Re*gress"ive</hw> <tt>(r?*gr?s"?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82gressif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Passing back; returning.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Characterized by retrogression; retrogressive.</def>

<cs><col>Regressive metamorphism</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Retrogression</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Katabolism</er></cd>.</cs>

<h1>Regressively</h1>
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<hw>Re*gress"ive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a regressive manner.</def>

<h1>Regret</h1>
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<hw>Re*gret"</hw> <tt>(r?*gr?t")</tt>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>regretter</ets>. See <er>Regret</er>, <er><?/</er>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Pain of mind on account of something done or experienced in the past, with a wish that it had been different; a looking back with dissatisfaction or with longing; grief; sorrow; especially, a mourning on account of the loss of some joy, advantage, or satisfaction.</def> "A passionate <i>regret</i> at sin."

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<blockquote>What man does not remember with <b>regret</b> the first time he read Robinson Crusoe?
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Never any prince expressed a more lively <b>regret</b> for the loss of a servant.

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<blockquote>From its peaceful bosom [the grave] spring none but fond <b>regrets</b> and tender recollections.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dislike; aversion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Grief; concern; sorrow; lamentation; repentance; penitence; self-condemnation.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Regret</er>, <er>Remorse</er>, <er>Compunction</er>, <er>Contrition</er>, <er>Repentance</er>. <i>Regret</i> does not carry with it the energy of <i>remorse</i>, the sting of <i>compunction</i>, the sacredness of <i>contrition</i>, or the practical character of <i>repentance</i>. We even apply the term <i>regret</i> to circumstance over which we have had no control, as the absence of friends or their loss. When connected with ourselves, it relates rather to unwise acts than to wrong or sinful ones.</usage>

<i>C. J. Smith.</i>

<h1>Regret</h1>
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<hw>Re*gret"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Regretted</er> <tt>(-t?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Regretting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>regretter</ets>, OF. <ets>regreter</ets>; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + a word of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth. <ets>gr<?/tan</ets> to weep, Icel. <ets>gr<?/ta</ets>. See <er>Greet</er> to lament.]</ety> <def>To experience regret on account of; to lose or miss with a sense of regret; to feel sorrow or dissatisfaction on account of (the happening or the loss of something); <as>as, to <ex>regret</ex> an error; to <ex>regret</ex> lost opportunities or friends.</as></def>

<blockquote>Calmly he looked on either life, and here
Saw nothing to <b>regret</b>, or there to fear.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In a few hours they [the Israelites] began to <b>regret</b> their slavery, and to murmur against their leader.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Recruits who <b>regretted</b> the plow from which they had been violently taken.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Regretful</h1>
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<hw>Re*gret"ful</hw> <tt>(-f?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of regret; indulging in regrets; repining.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*gret"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Regrow</h1>
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<hw>Re*grow"</hw> <tt>(r?*gr?")</tt>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To grow again.</def>

<blockquote>The snail had power to <b>regrow</b> them all [horns, tongue, etc.]
<i>A. B. Buckley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Regrowth</h1>
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<hw>Re*growth"</hw> <tt>(r?*gr?th")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of regrowing; a second or new growth.</def>

<i>Darwin.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>regrowth</b> of limbs which had been cut off.
<i>A. B. Buckley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reguardant</h1>
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<hw>Re*guard"ant</hw> <tt>(r?*g?rd"<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Regardant</er>.</def>

<h1>Reguerdon</h1>
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<hw>Re*guer"don</hw> <tt>(r?*g?r"d?n)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>guerdon</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>reguerdonner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To reward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Regulable</h1>
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<hw>Reg"u*la*ble</hw> <tt>(r?g"?*l?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being regulated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Regular</h1>
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<hw>Reg"u*lar</hw> <tt>(-l?r)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>regularis</ets>, fr. <ets>regula</ets> a rule, fr. <ets>regere</ets> to guide, to rule: cf. F. <ets>r\'82gulier</ets>. See <er>Rule</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Conformed to a rule; agreeable to an established rule, law, principle, or type, or to established customary forms; normal; symmetrical; <as>as, a <ex>regular</ex> verse in poetry; a <ex>regular</ex> piece of music; a <ex>regular</ex> verb; <ex>regular</ex> practice of law or medicine; a <ex>regular</ex> building.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Governed by rule or rules; steady or uniform in course, practice, or occurence; not subject to unexplained or irrational variation; returning at stated intervals; steadily pursued; orderlly; methodical; <as>as, the <ex>regular</ex> succession of day and night; <ex>regular</ex> habits.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Constituted, selected, or conducted in conformity with established usages, rules, or discipline; duly authorized; permanently organized; <as>as, a <ex>regular</ex> meeting; a <ex>regular</ex> physican; a <ex>regular</ex> nomination; <ex>regular</ex> troops.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Belonging to a monastic order or community; <as>as, <ex>regular</ex> clergy, in distinction dfrom the <ex>secular</ex> clergy</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Thorough; complete; unmitigated; <as>as, a <ex>regular</ex> humbug</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having all the parts of the same kind alike in size and shape; <as>as, a <ex>regular</ex> flower; a <ex>regular</ex> sea urchin.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Isometric</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Regular polygon</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a plane polygon which is both equilateral and equiangular.</cd> -- <col>Regular polyhedron</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a polyhedron whose faces are equal regular polygons. There are five regular polyhedrons, -- the tetrahedron, the hexahedron, or cube, the octahedron, the dodecahedron, and the icosahedron.</cd> -- <col>Regular sales</col> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld>, <cd>sales of stock deliverable on the day after the transaction.</cd> -- <col>Regular troops</col>, <cd>troops of a standing or permanent army; -- opposed to <i>militia<i>.</cd></cs><-- or opposed to reserves -->

<syn>Syn. -- Normal; orderly; methodical. See <er>Normal</er>.</syn>

<h1>Regular</h1>
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<hw>Reg"u*lar</hw> <tt>(r?g"?*l?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>regularis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82gulier</ets>. See <er>Regular</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A member of any religious order or community who has taken the vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and who has been solemnly recognized by the church.</def>

<i>Bp. Fitzpatrick.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A soldier belonging to a permanent or standing army; -- chiefly used in the plural.</def>

<h1>Regularia</h1>
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<hw>Reg`u*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(r?g`?*l?"r?*?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Echini which includes the circular, or regular, sea urchins.</def>

<h1>Regularity</h1>
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<hw>Reg`u*lar"i*ty</hw> <tt>(-l?r"?*t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>r\'82gularit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The condition or quality of being regular; <as>as, <ex>regularity</ex> of outline; the <ex>regularity</ex> of motion.</as></def>

<h1>Regularize</h1>
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<hw>Reg"u*lar*ize</hw> <tt>(r?g"?*l?r*?z)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cause to become regular; to regulate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Regularly</h1>
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<hw>Reg"u*lar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a regular manner; in uniform order; methodically; in due order or time.</def>

<h1>Regularness</h1>
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<hw>Reg"u*lar*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Regularity.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Regulato</h1>
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<hw>Reg"u*lato</hw> <tt>(-l?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Regulated</er> <tt>(-l?`t?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Regulating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>regulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>regulare</ets>, fr. <ets>regula</ets>. See <er>Regular</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To adjust by rule, method, or established mode; to direct by rule or restriction; to subject to governing principles or laws.</def>

<blockquote>The laws which <b>regulate</b> the successions of the seasons.

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<blockquote>The herdsmen near the frontier adjudicated their own disputes, and <b>regulated</b> their own police.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put in good order; <as>as, to <ex>regulate</ex> the disordered state of a nation or its finances</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To adjust, or maintain, with respect to a desired rate, degree, or condition; <as>as, to <ex>regulate</ex> the temperature of a room, the pressure of steam, the speed of a machine, etc.</as></def>

<cs><mcol><col>To regulate a watch</col> &or; <col>clock</col></mcol>, <cd>to adjust its rate of running so that it will keep approximately standard time.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To adjust; dispose; methodize; arrange; direct; order; rule; govern.</syn>

<h1>Regulation</h1>
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<hw>Reg`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(-l?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of regulating, or the state of being regulated.</def>

<blockquote>The temper and <b>regulation</b> of our own minds.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rule or order prescribed for management or government; prescription; a regulating principle; a governing direction; precept; law; <as>as, the <ex>regulations</ex> of a society or a school</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Regulation sword</col>, <col>cap</col>, <col>uniform</col>, etc.</mcol> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a sword, cap, uniform, etc., of the kind or quality prescribed by the official regulations.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Law</er>; rule; method; principle; order; precept. See <er>Law</er>.</syn>

<h1>Regulative</h1>
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<hw>Reg"u*la*tive</hw> <tt>(r?g"?*l?*t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tending to regulate; regulating.</def>

<i>Whewell.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Necessarily assumed by the mind as fundamental to all other knowledge; furnishing fundamental principles; <as>as, the <ex>regulative</ex> principles, or principles <ex>a priori</ex>; the <ex>regulative</ex> faculty.</as></def>

<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>

<note>&hand; These terms are borrowed from Kant, and suggest the thought, allowed by Kant, that possibly these principles are only true for the human mind, the operations and belief of which they regulate.</note>

<h1>Regulator</h1>
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<hw>Reg"u*la`tor</hw> <tt>(-l?`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, regulates.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A contrivance for regulating and controlling motion, as: <sd>(a)</sd> The lever or index in a watch, which controls the effective length of the hairspring, and thus regulates the vibrations of the balance. <sd>(b)</sd> The governor of a steam engine. <sd>(c)</sd> A valve for controlling the admission of steam to the steam chest, in a locomotive.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A clock, or other timepiece, used as a standard of correct time. See <cref>Astronomical clock</cref> <sd>(a)</sd>, under <er>Clock</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A member of a volunteer committee which, in default of the lawful authority, undertakes to preserve order and prevent crimes; also, sometimes, one of a band organized for the comission of violent crimes.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<blockquote>A few stood neutral, or declared in favor of the <b>Regulators</b>.
<i>Bancroft.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reguline</h1>
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<hw>Reg"u*line</hw> <tt>(r?g"?*l?n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82gulin</ets>. See <er>Regulus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem. & Metal.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to regulus.</def>

<h1>Regulize</h1>
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<hw>Reg"u*lize</hw> <tt>(-l?z)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>To reduce to regulus; to separate, as a metal from extraneous matter; <as>as, to <ex>regulize</ex> antimony</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Regulus</h1>
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<hw>Reg"u*lus</hw> <tt>(-l?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Reguluses</plw> (-<?/z), L. <plw>Reguli</plw> <tt>(-l<?/)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L., a petty king, prince, dim. of <ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>, a king: cf. F. <ets>r\'82gule</ets>. See <er>Regal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A petty king; a ruler of little power or consequence.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem. & Metal.)</fld> <def>The button, globule, or mass of metal, in a more or less impure state, which forms in the bottom of the crucible in smelting and reduction of ores.</def>

<note>&hand; The name was introduced by the alchemists, and applied by them in the first instance to antimony. I<?/ signifies <i>little king</i>; and from the facility with which antimony alloyed with gold, these empirical philosophers had great hopes that this metal, <i>antimony</i>, would lead them to the discovery of the philosopher's stone.</note>

<i>Ure.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A star of the first magnitude in the constellation Leo; -- called also the <altname>Lion's Heart</altname>.</def>

<h1>Regurgitate</h1>
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<hw>Re*gur"gi*tate</hw> <tt>(r?*g?r"j?*t?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>regurgitare</ets>, <ets>regurgitatum</ets>; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>gurges</ets>, <ets>-itis</ets>, a gulf. Cf. <er>Regorge</er>.]</ety> <def>To throw or pour back, as from a deep or hollow place; to pour or throw back in great quantity.</def>

<h1>Regurgitate</h1>
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<hw>Re*gur"gi*tate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be thrown or poured back; to rush or surge back.</def>

<blockquote>The food may <b>regurgitate</b>m the stomach into the esophagus and mouth.
<i>Quain.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Regurgitation</h1>
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<hw>Re*gur`gi*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(-t?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82gurgitation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of flowing or pouring back by the orifice of entrance</def>; specifically <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <def>the reversal of the natural direction in which the current or contents flow through a tube or cavity of the body.</def>

<i>Quain.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of swallowing again; reabsorption.</def>

<h1>Rehabilitate</h1>
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<hw>Re`ha*bil"i*tate</hw> <tt>(r?`h?*b?l"?*t?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rehabilitated</er> <tt>(-t?`t?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rehabilitating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>habilitate</ets>: cf. LL. <ets>rehabilitare</ets>, F. <ets>r\'82habiliter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To invest or clothe again with some right, authority, or dignity; to restore to a former capacity; to reinstate; to qualify again; to restore, as a delinquent, to a former right, rank, or privilege lost or forfeited; -- a term of civil and canon law.</def>

<blockquote>Restoring and <b>rehabilitating</b> the party.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rehabilitation</h1>
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<hw>Re`ha*bil`i*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(-t?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>rehabilitatio</ets>, F. <ets>R\'82habilitation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of rehabilitating, or the state of being rehabilitated.</def>

<i>Bouvier. Walsh.</i>

<h1>Rehash</h1>
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<hw>Re*hash"</hw> <tt>(r?*h?sh")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To hash over again; to prepare or use again; <as>as, to <ex>rehash</ex> old arguments</as>.</def>

<h1>Rehash</h1>
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<hw>Re*hash"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt><def>Something hashed over, or made up from old materials.</def>

<h1>Rehear</h1>
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<hw>Re*hear"</hw> <tt>(r?*h?r")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To hear again; to try a second time; <as>as, to <ex>rehear</ex> a cause in Chancery</as>.</def>

<h1>Rehearsal</h1>
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<hw>Re*hears"al</hw> <tt>(r?*h?rs"<it>a</it>)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of rehearsing; recital; narration; repetition; specifically, a private recital, performance, or season of practice, in preparation for a public exhibition or exercise.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>In <b>rehearsal</b> of our Lord's Prayer.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Here's marvelous convenient place for our <b>rehearsal</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Dress rehearsal</col> <fld>(Theater)</fld>, <cd>a private preparatory performance of a drama, opera, etc., in costume.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rehearse</h1>
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<hw>Re*hearse"</hw> <tt>(r?*h?rs")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rehearsed</er> <tt>(-h?rst")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rehearsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>rehercen</ets>, <ets>rehersen</ets>, OF. <ets>reherser</ets>, <ets>rehercier</ets>, to harrow over again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>hercier</ets> to harrow, fr. <ets>herce</ets> a harrow, F. <ets>herse</ets>. See <er>Hearse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To repeat, as what has been already said; to tell over again; to recite.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>When the words were heard which David spake, they <b>rehearsed</b> them before Saul.
<i>1 Sam. xvii. 31.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To narrate; to relate; to tell.</def>

<blockquote><b>Rehearse</b> the righteous acts of the Lord.
<i>Judg. . v. 11.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To recite or repeat in private for experiment and improvement, before a public representation; <as>as, to <ex>rehearse</ex> a tragedy</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cause to rehearse; to instruct by rehearsal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>He has been <b>rehearsed</b> by Madame Defarge as to his having seen her.
<i>Dickens.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To recite; recapitulate; recount; detail; describe; tell; relate; narrate.</syn>

<h1>Rehearse</h1>
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<hw>Re*hearse"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To recite or repeat something for practice.</def> "There will we <i>rehearse</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Rehearser</h1>
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<hw>Re*hears"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rehearses.</def>

<h1>Reheat</h1>
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<hw>Re*heat"</hw> <tt>(r?*h?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To heat again.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To revive; to cheer; to cherish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rom. of R.</i>

<h1>Rehibition</h1>
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<hw>Re`hi*bi"tion</hw> <tt>(r?`h?*b?sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + L. <ets>habere</ets> to have.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The returning of a thing purchased to the seller, on the ground of defect or frand.</def>

<h1>Rehibitory</h1>
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<hw>Re*hib"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(r?*h?b"?*t?*r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Of or relating to rehibition; <as>as, a <ex>rehibitory</ex> action</as>.</def>

<h1>Rehire</h1>
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<hw>Re*hire"</hw> <tt>(r?*h?r")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To hire again.</def>

<h1>Rehypothecate</h1>
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<hw>Re`hy*poth"e*cate</hw> <tt>(r?`h?*p?th"?*k?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To hypothecate again.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re`hy*poth`e*ca"tion</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Rei</h1>
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<hw>Rei</hw> <tt>(r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>;<plu>pl. <plw>Reis</plw> <tt>(r<?/"<?/s <i>or</i> r<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Pg. <ets>real</ets>, pl. <ets>reis</ets>. See <er>Real</er> a coin.]</ety> <def>A portuguese money of account, in value about one tenth of a cent.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>ree</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Reichsrath</h1>
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<hw>Reichs"rath`</hw> <tt>(r?ks"r?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G]</ety> <def>The parliament of Austria (exclusive of Hungary, which has its own diet, or parliament). It consists of an Upper and a Lower House, or a House of Lords and a House of Representatives.</def>

<h1>Reichsstand</h1>
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<hw>Reichs"stand`</hw> <tt>(r?ks"st?t`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <def>A free city of the former German empire.</def>

<h1>Reichstag</h1>
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<hw>Reichs"tag`</hw> <tt>(r?ks"t?g`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G.]</ety> <def>The Diet, or House of Representatives, of the German empire, which is composed of members elected for a term of three years by the direct vote of the people. See <er>Bundesrath</er>.</def>

<h1>Reif</h1>
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<hw>Reif</hw> <tt>(r?f)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>re<?/f</ets>.]</ety> <def>Robbery; spoil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reigle</h1>
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<hw>Rei"gle</hw> <tt>(r?"g'l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'8agle</ets> a rule, fr. L. <ets>regula</ets>. See <er>Rule</er>.]</ety> <def>A hollow cut or channel for quiding anything; <as>as, the <ex>reigle</ex> of a side post for a flood gate</as>.</def>

<i>Carew.</i>

<h1>Reigle</h1>
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<hw>Rei"gle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To regulate; to govern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reiglement</h1>
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<hw>Rei"gle*ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Reglement</er>.]</ety> <def>Rule; regulation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon. Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Reign</h1>
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<hw>Reign</hw> <tt>(r?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>regne</ets>, OF. <ets>reigne</ets>, <ets>regne</ets>, F. <ets>r\'8agne</ets>, fr. L. <ets>regnum</ets>, fr. <ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>, a king, fr. <ets>regere</ets> to guide, rule. See <er>Regal</er>, <er>Regimen</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Royal authority; supreme power; sovereignty; rule; dominion.</def>

<blockquote>He who like a father held his <b>reign</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Saturn's sons received the threefold <b>reign</b>
Of heaven, of ocean,, and deep hell beneath.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The territory or sphere which is reigned over; kingdom; empire; realm; dominion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>[God] him bereft the <b>regne</b> that he had.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The time during which a king, queen, or emperor possesses the supreme authority; <as>as, it happened in the <ex>reign</ex> of Elizabeth</as>.</def>

<hr>
<page="1212">
Page 1212<p>

<h1>Reign</h1>
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<hw>Reign</hw> <tt>(r?n)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reigned</er> <tt>(r?nd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reigning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.  <ets>regnen</ets>, <ets>reinen</ets>, OF. <ets>regner</ets>, F. <ets>r\'82gner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>regnare</ets>, fr. regnum. See <er>Reign</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To possess or exercise sovereign power or authority; to exercise government, as a king or emperor;; to hold supreme power; to rule.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>We will not have this man to <b>reign</b> over us.
<i>Luke xix. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Shall Banquo's issue ever
<b>Reign</b> in this kingdom?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to be predominant; to prevail.</def> "Pestilent diseases which commonly <i>reign</i> in summer."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To have superior or uncontrolled dominion; to rule.</def>

<blockquote>Let not sin therefore <b>reign</b> in your mortal body.
<i>Rom. vi. 12.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To rule; govern; direct; control; prevail.</syn>

<h1>Reigner</h1>
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<hw>Reign"er</hw> <tt>(r?n"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reigns.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Reillume</h1>
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<hw>Re`il*lume"</hw> <tt>(r?`?l*l?m")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To light again; to cause to shine anew; to relume; to reillumine.</def> "Thou must <i>reillume</i> its spark."

<i>J. R. Drake.</i>

<h1>Reilluminate</h1>
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<hw>Re`il*lu"mi*nate</hw> <tt>(-l?"m?*n?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To enlighten again; to reillumine.</def>

<h1>Reillumination</h1>
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<hw>Re`il*lu`mi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(-n?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of enlightening again.</def>

<h1>Reillumine</h1>
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<hw>Re`il*lu"mine</hw> <tt>(-l?"m?n)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To illumine again or anew; to reillume.</def>

<h1>Reim</h1>
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<hw>Reim</hw> <tt>(r?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>riem</ets>, akin to G <ets>riemen</ets>; CF. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a towing line.]</ety> <def>A strip of oxhide, deprived of hair, and rendered pliable, -- used for twisting into ropes, etc.</def> <mark>[South Africa]</mark>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Reimbark</h1>
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<hw>Re`im*bark"</hw> <tt>(r?`?m*b?rk")</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Re<?/mbark</er>.</def>

<h1>Reimbody</h1>
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<hw>Re`im*bod"y</hw> <tt>(-b?d"?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Re<?/mbody</er>.]</ety> <def>To imbody again.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Reimbursable</h1>
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<hw>Re`im*burs"a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?`?m*b?rs"?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>remboursable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being repaid; repayable.</def>

<blockquote>A loan has been made of two millions of dollars, <b>reimbursable</b> in ten years.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reimburse</h1>
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<hw>Re`im*burse"</hw> <tt>(-b?rs")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reimbursed</er> <tt>(-b?rst")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reimbursing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + imburse</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rembourser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To replace in a treasury or purse, as an equivalent for what has been taken, lost, or expended; to refund; to pay back; to restore; <as>as, to <ex>reimburse</ex> the expenses of a war</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make restoration or payment of an equivalent to (a person); to pay back to; to indemnify; -- often reflexive; <as>as, to <ex>reimburse</ex> one's self by successful speculation</as>.</def>

<i>Paley.</i>

<h1>Reimbursement</h1>
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<hw>Re`im*burse"ment</hw> <tt>(-b?rs"m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rembursement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act reimbursing.</def>

<i>A. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Reimburser</h1>
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<hw>Re`im*burs"er</hw> <tt>(-b?rs"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reimburses.</def>

<h1>Reimplant</h1>
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<hw>Re`im*plant"</hw> <tt>(-pl?nt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To implant again.</def>

<h1>Reimport</h1>
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<hw>Re`im*port"</hw> <tt>(-p?rt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + import</ets>: cf. F. <ets>remporter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To import again; to import what has been exported; to bring back.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Reimportation</h1>
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<hw>Re*im`por*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*?m`p?r*t?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reimporting; also, that which is reimported.</def>

<h1>Reimportune</h1>
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<hw>Re*im`por*tune"</hw> <tt>(-p?r*t?n")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To importune again.</def>

<h1>Reimpose</h1>
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<hw>Re`im*pose"</hw> <tt>(r?`?m*p?z)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To impose anew.</def>

<h1>Reimpregnate</h1>
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<hw>Re`im*preg"nate</hw> <tt>(-pr?g"n?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To impregnate again or anew.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Reimpress</h1>
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<hw>Re`im*press"</hw> <tt>(-pr?s")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To impress anew.</def>

<h1>Reimpression</h1>
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<hw>Re`im*pres"sion</hw> <tt>(-pr?sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second or repeated impression; a reprint.</def>

<h1>Reimprint</h1>
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<hw>Re`im*print"</hw> <tt>(-pr?nt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To imprint again.</def>

<h1>Reimprison</h1>
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<hw>Re`im*pris"on</hw> <tt>(-pr?z'n)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To imprison again.</def>

<h1>Reimprisonment</h1>
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<hw>Re`im*pris"on*ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reimprisoning, or the state of being reimprisoned.</def>

<h1>Rein</h1>
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<hw>Rein</hw> <tt>(r?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r&ecir;ne</ets>, fr. (assumed) LL. <ets>retina</ets>, fr. L. <ets>retinere</ets> to hold back. See <er>Retain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The strap of a bridle, fastened to the curb or snaffle on each side, by which the rider or driver governs the horse.</def>

<blockquote>This knight laid hold upon his <b>reyne</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, an instrument or means of curbing, restraining, or governing; government; restraint.</def> "Let their eyes rove without <i>rein</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>To give rein</col>, <col>To give the rein to</col></mcol>, <cd>to give license to; to leave withouut restrain.</cd> -- <col>To take the reins</col>, <cd>to take the guidance or government; to assume control.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rein</h1>
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<hw>Rein</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reined</er> <tt>(r?nd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reining</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To govern or direct with the reins; <as>as, to <ex>rein</ex> a horse one way or another</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He mounts and <b>reins</b> his horse.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To restrain; to control; to check.</def>

<blockquote>Being once chafed, he can not
Be <b>reined</b> again to temperance.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>To rein in</col> &or; <col>rein up</col></mcol>, <cd>to check the speed of, or cause to stop, by drawing the reins.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rein</h1>
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<hw>Rein</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be guided by reins.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Reinaugurate</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*au"gu*rate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inaugurate anew.</def>

<h1>Reincit</h1>
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<hw>Re"in*cit"</hw> <tt>(-s?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To incite again.</def>

<h1>Reincorporate</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*cor"po*rate</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To incorporate again.</def>

<h1>Reincrease</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*crease"</hw> <tt>(-kr?s")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To increase again.</def>

<h1>Reincur</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*cur"</hw> <tt>(-k?r")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To incur again.</def>

<h1>Reindeer</h1>
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<hw>Rein"deer`</hw> <tt>(r?n"d?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Icel. <ets>hreinn</ets> reindeer + E. <ets>deer</ets>. Icel. <ets>hreinn</ets> is of Lapp or Finnish origin; cf. Lappish <ets>reino</ets> pasturage.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>raindeer</asp>, and <asp>ranedeer</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Zool.)</fld> <def>Any ruminant of the genus <spn>Rangifer</spn>, of the Deer family, found in the colder parts of both the Eastern and Western hemispheres, and having long irregularly branched antlers, with the brow tines palmate.</def>

<note>&hand; The common European species (<spn>R. tarandus</spn>) is domesticated in Lapland. The woodland reindeer or caribou (<spn>R. caribou</spn>) is found in Canada and Maine (see <er>Caribou</er>.) The Barren Ground reindeer or caribou (<spn>R. Gr\'d2landicus</spn>), of smaller size, is found on the shores of the Arctic Ocean, in both hemispheries.</note>

<cs><col>Reindeer moss</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a gray branching lichen (<spn>Cladonia rangiferina</spn>) which forms extensive patches on the ground in arctic and even in north temperature regions.  It is the principal food of the Lapland reindeer in winter.</cd> -- <col>Reindeer period</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a name sometimes given to a part of the Paleolithic era when the reindeer was common over Central Europe.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reinduce</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*duce"</hw> <tt>(r?`?n*d?s")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To induce again.</def>

<h1>Reinette</h1>
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<hw>Rei*nette"</hw> <tt>(r?*n?t")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See 1st <er>Rennet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to many different kinds of apples, mostly of French origin.</def>

<h1>Reinfect</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*fect"</hw> <tt>(r?`?n*f?kt)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + infect</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82infecter</ets>.]</ety> <def>To infect again.</def>

<h1>Reinfectious</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*fec"tious</hw> <tt>(-f?k"sh?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>Capable of reinfecting.</def>

<h1>Reinforce</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*force"</hw> <tt>(-f?rs")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Re\'89nforce</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Reinforce</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*force"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Re\'89nforce</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Reinforcement</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*force"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Re\'89nforcement</er>.</def>

<h1>Reinfund</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*fund"</hw> <tt>(-f?nd")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + L. <ets>infundere</ets> to pour in.]</ety> <def>To flow in anew.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Reingratiate</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*gra"ti*ate</hw> <tt>(-gr?"sh?*?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To ingratiate again or anew.</def>

<i>Sir. T. Herbert.</i>

<h1>Reinhabit</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*hab"it</hw> <tt>(-h?b"?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inhabit again.</def>

<i>Mede.</i>

<h1>Reinless</h1>
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<hw>Rein"less</hw> <tt>(r?n"l?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not having, or not governed by, reins; hence, not checked or restrained.</def>

<h1>Reins</h1>
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<hw>Reins</hw> <tt>(r?nz)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rein</ets>, pl. <ets>reins</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ren</ets>, pl. <ets>renes</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The kidneys; also, the region of the kidneys; the loins.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The inward impulses; the affections and passions; -- so called because formerly supposed to have their seat in the part of the body where the kidneys are.</def>

<blockquote>My <b>reins</b> rejoice, when thy lips speak right things.
<i>Prov. xxiii. 16.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am he which searcheth the <b>reins</b> and hearts.
<i>Rev. ii. 23.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Reins of a vault</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the parts between the crown andd the spring or abutment, including, and having especial reference to, the loading or filling behind the shell of the vault. The reins are to a vault nearly what the haunches are to an arch, and when a vault gives way by thrusting outward, it is because its reins are not sufficiently filled up.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reinsert</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*sert"</hw> <tt>(r?`?n*s?rt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To insert again.</def>

<h1>Reinsertion</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*ser"tion</hw> <tt>(-s?r"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reinserting.</def>

<h1>Reinspect</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*spect"</hw> <tt>(-sp?kt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inspect again.</def>

<h1>Reinspection</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*spec"tion</hw> <tt>(-sp?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reinspecting.</def>

<h1>Reinspire</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*spire"</hw> <tt>(-sp?r")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inspire anew.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Reinspirit</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*spir"it</hw> <tt>(-sp`r"?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give fresh spirit to.</def>

<h1>Reinstall</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*stall"</hw> <tt>(-st?l")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + install</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82installer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To install again.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Reinstallment</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re`in*stall"ment</hw> <tt>(m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A renewed installment.</def>

<h1>Reinstate</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*state"</hw> <tt>(-st?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To place again in possession, or in a former state; to restore to a state from which one had been removed; to instate again; <as>as, to <ex>reinstate</ex> a king in the possession of the kingdom</as>.</def>

<blockquote>For the just we have said already thet some of them were <b>reinstated</b> in their pristine happiness and felicity.
<i>Glanvill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reinstatement</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*state"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reinstating; the state of being reinstated; re<?/stablishment.</def>

<h1>Reinstation</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*sta"tion</hw> <tt>(-st?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reinstatement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Reinstruct</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*struct"</hw> <tt>(-str?kt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To instruct anew.</def>

<h1>Reinsurance</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re`in*sur"ance</hw> <tt>(-sh?r"<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Insurance a second time or again; renewed insurance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A contract by which an insurer is insured wholly or in part against the risk he has incurred in insuring somebody else. See <er>Reassurance</er>.</def>

<h1>Reinsure</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*sure"</hw> <tt>(-sh?r")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To insure again after a former insuranse has ceased; to renew insurance on.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To insure, as life or property, in favor of one who has taken an inssurance risk upon it.</def>

<blockquote>The innsurer may cause the property insured to be <b>reinsured</b> by other persons.
<i>Walsh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reinsurer</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*sur"er</hw> <tt>(-sh?r"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gives reinsurance.</def>

<h1>Reintegrate</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*in"te*grate</hw> <tt>(r?*?n"t?*gr?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + integrate</ets>. Cf. <er>Redintegrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To renew with regard to any state or quality; to restore; to bring again together into a whole, as the parts off anything; to re<?/stablish; <as>as, to <ex>reintegrate</ex> a nation</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Reintegration</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*in`te*gra"tion</hw> <tt>(-gr?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A renewing, or making whole again. See <er>Redintegration</er>.</def>

<h1>Reinter</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re`in*ter"</hw> <tt>(r?`?n*t?r")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To inter again.</def>

<h1>Reinterrogate</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re`in*ter"ro*gate</hw> <tt>(-t?r"r?*g?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To interrogate again; to question repeatedly.</def>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<h1>Reinthrone</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*throne"</hw> <tt>(-thr?n")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Re\'89nthrone</er>.</def>

<h1>Reinthronize</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re`in*thron"ize</hw> <tt>(-?z)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To enthrone again.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reintroduce</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*in`tro*duce"</hw> <tt>(r?*?n`tr?*d?s")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To introduce again.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*in`tro*duc"tion</wf> <tt>(-d<?/k"sh<?/n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Reinvest</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*vest"</hw> <tt>(r?`?n*v?st")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To invest again or anew.</def>

<h1>Reinvestigate</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re`in*ves"ti*gate</hw> <tt>(-v?s"t?*g?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To investigate again.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re`in*ves`ti*ga"tion</wf> <tt>(-g<?/"sh<?/n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Reinvestment</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re`in*vest"ment</hw> <tt>(-v?st"m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of investing anew; a second or repeated investment.</def>

<h1>Reinvigorate</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*vig"or*ate</hw> <tt>(-v?g"?r*?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To invigorate anew.</def>

<h1>Reinvolve</h1>
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<hw>Re`in*volve"</hw> <tt>(-v?lv")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To involve anew.</def>

<h1>Reis</h1>
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<hw>Re`is</hw> <tt>(r?"?s &or; r?z)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg., pl. of <ets>real</ets>, an ancient Portuguese coin.]</ety> <def>The word is used as a Portuguese designation of money of account, one hundred reis being about equal in value to eleven cents.</def>

<h1>Reis</h1>
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<hw>Reis</hw> <tt>(r?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>ra<?/s</ets> head, chief, prince.]</ety> <def>A common title in the East for a person in authority, especially the captain of a ship.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rais</asp> and <asp>ras</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Reis Effendi</h1>
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<hw>Reis` Ef*fen"di</hw> <tt>(r?s` ?f*f?n"d?)</tt>. <ety>[See 2d <er>Reis</er>, and <er>Effendi</er>.]</ety> <def>A title formerly given to one of the chief Turkish officers of state.  He was chancellor of the empire, etc.</def>

<h1>Reissner's membrane</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Reiss"ner's mem"brane</hw> <tt>(r?s"n?rz m?m"br?n)</tt>. <ety>[Named from E. <ets>Reissner</ets>, A German anatomist.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The thin membrane which separates the canal of the cochlea from the vestibular scala in the internal ear.</def>

<h1>Reissuable</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*is"su*a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?*?sh"?*?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being reissued.</def>

<h1>Reissue</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*is"sue</hw> <tt>(r?*?sh"?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To issue a second time.</def>

<h1>Reissue</h1>
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<hw>Re*is"sue</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second or repeated issue.</def>

<h1>Reit</h1>
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<hw>Reit</hw> <tt>(r?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Sedge; seaweed.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Reiter</h1>
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<hw>Rei"ter</hw> <tt>(r?"t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., rider.]</ety> <def>A German cavalry soldier of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.</def>

<h1>Reiteraut</h1>
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<hw>Re*it"er*aut</hw> <tt>(r?-?t"?r-<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Reiterate</er>.]</ety> <def>Reiterating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Mrs. Browning.</i>

<h1>Reiterate</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*it"er*ate</hw> <tt>(-&amac;t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reiterated</er> <tt>(-&amac;`t&ecr;d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reiterating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + iterate</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82it\'82rer</ets>, LL. <ets>reiterare</ets> to question again.]</ety> <def>To repeat again and again; to say or do repeatedly; sometimes, to repeat.</def>

<blockquote>That with <b>reiterated</b> crimes he might
Heap on himself damnation.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>You never spoke what did become you less
Than this; which to <b>reiterate</b> were sin.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To repeat; recapitulate; rehearse.</syn>

<h1>Reiterate</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*it"er*ate</hw> <tt>(-?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Reiterated; repeated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Reiteratedly</h1>
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<hw>Re*it"er*a`ted*ly</hw> <tt>(-?`t?d-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Repeatedly.</def>

<h1>Reiteration</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*it`er*a"tion</hw> <tt>(-?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82it\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of reiterating; that which is reiterated.</def>

<h1>Reiterative</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*it"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(r?-?t"?r-?-t?v)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word expressing repeated or reiterated action.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A word formed from another, or used to form another, by repetition; <as>as, <ex>dillydally</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Reiver</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Reiv"er</hw> <tt>(r?v"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Reaver</er>.</def>

<i>Ruskin.</i>

<h1>Reject</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*ject"</hw> <tt>(r?-j?kt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rejected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rejecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>rejectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reicere</ets>, <ets>rejicere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>jacere</ets> to throw: cf. F. <ets>rejeter</ets>, formerly also spelt <ets>rejecter</ets>. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting forth.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cast from one; to throw away; to discard.</def>

<blockquote>Therefore all this exercise of hunting . . . the Utopians have <b>rejected</b> to their butchers.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Reject</b> me not from among thy children.
<i>Wisdom ix. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To refuse to receive or to acknowledge; to decline haughtily or harshly; to repudiate.</def>

<blockquote>That golden scepter which thou didst <b>reject</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Because thou hast <b>rejected</b> knowledge, I will also <b>reject</b> thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me.
<i>Hog. iv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To refuse to grant; <as>as, to <ex>reject</ex> a prayer or request</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To repel; renounce; discard; rebuff; refuse; decline.</syn>

<h1>Rejectable</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*ject"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being, or that ought to be, rejected.</def>

<h1>Rejectamenta</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*jec`ta*men"ta</hw> <tt>(r?-j?k`t?-m?n"ta)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>rejectare</ets>, v. intens. fr. <ets>rejicere</ets>. See <er>Reject</er>.]</ety> <def>Things thrown out or away; especially, things excreted by a living organism.</def>

<i>J. Fleming.</i>

<h1>Rejectaneous</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re`jec*ta"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(r?`j?k-t?"n?-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rejectaneus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not chosen orr received; rejected.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Profane, <i>rejectaneous</i>, and reprobate people."

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Rejecter</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*ject"er</hw> <tt>(r?-j?kt"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rejects.</def>

<h1>Rejection</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*jec"tion</hw> <tt>(r?-j?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rejectio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82jection</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of rejecting, or state of being rejected.</def>

<h1>Rejectitious</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re`jec*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(r?`j?k-t?sh"?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Implying or requiring rejection; rejectable.</def>

<i>Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Rejective</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*ject"ive</hw> <tt>(r?-j?kt"?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rejecting, or tending to reject.</def>

<h1>Rejectment</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*ject"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of rejecting; matter rejected, or thrown away.</def>

<i>Eaton.</i>

<h1>Rejoice</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*joice"</hw> <tt>(r?-jois")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rejoced</er> <tt>(-joist")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rejoicing</er> <tt>(-joi"s?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.<ets>rejoissen</ets>, OF. <ets>resjouir</ets>, <ets>resjoir</ets>, F. <ets>r\'82jouir</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + OF, <ets>esjouir</ets>, <ets>esjoir</ets>, F. <ets><?/jouirr</ets>, to rejoice; pref. <ets>es-</ets> (L. <ets>ex-</ets>) + OF. <ets>jouir</ets>, <ets>joir</ets>, F. <ets>jouir</ets>, from L. <ets>gaudere</ets> to rejoice. See <er>Joy</er>.]</ety> <def>To feel joy; to experience gladness in a high degree; to have pleasurable satisfaction; to be delighted.</def> "O, <i>rejoice</i> beyond a common joy."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>I will be glad and <b>rejoice</b> in thy mercy.
<i>Ps. xxxi. 7.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. To delight; joy; exult; triumph.</syn>

<h1>Rejoice</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*joice"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To enjoy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Peacock.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give joi to; to make joyful; to gladden.</def>

<blockquote>I me <b>rejoysed</b> of my liberty.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>While she, great saint, <b>rejoices</b> heaven.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Were he [Cain] alive, it would <b>rejoice</b> his soul to see what mischief it had made.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To please; cheer; exhilarate; delight.</syn>

<h1>Rejoice</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*joice"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of rejoicing.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Rejoicement</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*joice"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rejoicing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rejoicer</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*joi"cer</hw> <tt>(r?-joi"s?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rejoices.</def>

<h1>Rejoicing</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*joi"cing</hw> <tt>(-s?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Joy; gladness; delight.</def>

<blockquote>We should particularly express our <b>rejoicing</b> by love and charity to our neighbors.
<i>R. Nelson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The expression of joy or gladness.</def>

<blockquote>The voice of <b>rejoicing</b> and salvation is in the tabernacles of the righteous.
<i>Ps. cxviii. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which causes to rejoice; occasion of joy.</def>

<blockquote>Thy testimonies have I taken as an heritage forever, for they are the <b>rejoicing</b> of my heart.
<i>Ps. cxix. 111.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rejoicingly</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*joi"cing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With joi or exultation.</def>

<h1>Rejoin</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*join"</hw> <tt>(r?-join")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rejoined</er> <tt>(-joind")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rejoining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>rejoindre</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>joindre</ets> to join. See <er>Join</er>, and cf. <er>Rejoinder</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To join again; to unite after separation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come, or go, again into the presence of; to join the company of again.</def>

<blockquote>Meet and <b>rejoin</b> me, in the pensive grot.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To state in reply; -- followed by an object clause.</def>

<h1>Rejoin</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*join"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To answer to a reply.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To answer, as the defendant to the plaintiff's replication.</def>

<h1>Rejoinder</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*join"der</hw> <tt>(-d?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From F. <ets>rejoindre</ets>, inf., to join again. See <er>Rejoin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An answer to a reply; or, in general, an answer or reply.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The defendant's answer to the plaintiff's replication.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Reply; ansswer; replication. See <er>Reply</er>.</syn>

<h1>Rejoinder</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*join"der</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a rejoinder.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<h1>Rejoindure</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*join"dure</hw> <tt>(-d?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of joining again. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Beguiles our lips of all <i>rejoindure</i>" (i.e., kisses).</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Rejoint</h1>
<Xpage=1212>

<hw>Re*joint"</hw> <tt>(r&esl;-joint")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reunite the joints of; to joint anew.</def>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, to fill up the joints of, as stones in buildings when the mortar has been dislodged by age and the action of the weather.</def>

<i>Gwilt.</i>

<hr>
<page="1213">
Page 1213<p>

<h1>Rejolt</h1>
<Xpage=1213>

<hw>Re*jolt"</hw> <tt>(r?-j?lt")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A reacting jolt or shock; a rebound or recoil.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>These inward <b>rejolts</b> and recoilings of the mind.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rejolt</h1>
<Xpage=1213>

<hw>Re*jolt"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To jolt or shake again.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Rejourn</h1>
<Xpage=1213>

<hw>Re*journ"</hw> <tt>(r?-j?rn")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82ajourner</ets>. See <er>Adjourn</er>.]</ety> <def>To adjourn; to put off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Rejournment</h1>
<Xpage=1213>

<hw>Re*journ"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Adjournment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rejudge</h1>
<Xpage=1213>

<hw>Re*judge"</hw> <tt>(r?-j?j")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To judge again; to re<?/xamine; to review; to call to a new trial and decision.</def>

<blockquote><b>Rejudge</b> his acts, and dignify disgrace.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rejuvenate</h1>
<Xpage=1213>

<hw>Re*ju"ve*nate</hw> <tt>(r?-j?"v?-n?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + L. <ets>juventis</ets> young, youthful.]</ety> <def>To render young again.</def>

<h1>Rejuvenation</h1>
<Xpage=1213>

<hw>Re*ju`ve*na"tion</hw> <tt>(-n?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rejuvenescence.</def>

<h1>Rejuvenescence</h1>
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<hw>Re*ju`ve*nes"cence</hw> <tt>(-n?s"s<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A renewing of youth; the state of being or growing young again.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A method of cell formation in which the entire protoplasm of an old cell escapes by rupture of the cell wall, and then develops a new cell wall. It is seen sometimes in the formation of zo<?/spores, etc.</def>

<h1>Rejuvenescency</h1>
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<hw>Re*ju`ve*nes"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(-s<it>e</it>n-s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rejuvenescence.</def>

<h1>Rejuvenescent</h1>
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<hw>Re*ju`ve*nes"cent</hw> <tt>(-s<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Becoming, or causing to become, rejuvenated; rejuvenating.</def>

<h1>Rejuvenize</h1>
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<hw>Re*ju`ve*nize</hw> <tt>(r?-j?"v?-n?z)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To rejuvenate.</def>

<h1>Rekindle</h1>
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<hw>Re*kin"dle</hw> <tt>(r?-k?n"d'l)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To kindle again.</def>

<h1>Rekne</h1>
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<hw>Rek"ne</hw> <tt>(r?k"n<it>e</it>)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reckon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Relade</h1>
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<hw>Re*lade"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?d")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lade or load again.</def>

<h1>Relad</h1>
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<hw>Re*lad"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?d)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Relay</er>.</def>

<h1>Relais</h1>
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<hw>Re*lais"</hw> <tt>(r<it>e</it>-l?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Relay</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A narrow space between the foot of the rampart and the scarp of the ditch, serving to receive the earth that may crumble off or be washed down, and prevent its falling into the ditch.</def>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<h1>Reland</h1>
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<hw>Re*land"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?nd")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To land again; to put on land, as that which had been shipped or embarked.</def>

<h1>Reland</h1>
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<hw>Re*land"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To go on shore after having embarked; to land again.</def>

<h1>Relapse</h1>
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<hw>Re*lapse"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?ps")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Relapsed</er> <tt>(-l?pst")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Relapsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.<ets>relapsus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>relabi</ets> to slip back, to relapse; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>labi</ets> to fall, slip, slide. See <er>Lapse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To slip or slide back, in a literal sense; to turn back.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To slide or turn back into a former state or practice; to fall back from some condition attained; -- generally in a bad sense, as from a state of convalescence or amended condition; <as>as, to <ex>relaps</ex> into a stupor, into vice, or into barbarism</as>; -- sometimes in a good sense; <as>as, to <ex>relapse</ex> into slumber after being disturbed</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That task performed, [preachers] <b>relapse</b> into themselves.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>To fall from Christian faith into paganism, heresy, or unbelief; to backslide.</def>

<blockquote>They enter into the justified state, and so continue all along, unless they <b>relapse</b>.
<i>Waterland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Relapse</h1>
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<hw>Re*lapse"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For sense 2 cf. F. <ets>relaps</ets>. See <er>Relapse</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sliding or falling back, especially into a former bad state, either of body or morals; backsliding; the state of having fallen back.</def>

<blockquote>Alas! from what high hope to what <b>relapse</b>
Unlooked for are we fallen!
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who has relapsed, or fallen back, into error; a backlider; specifically, one who, after recanting error, returns to it again.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Relapser</h1>
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<hw>Re*laps"er</hw> <tt>(-l?ps"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who relapses.</def>

<i> Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Relapsing</h1>
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<hw>Re*laps"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marked by a relapse; falling back; tending to return to a former worse state.</def>

<cs><col>Relapsing fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an acute, epidemic, contagious fever, which prevails also endemically in Ireland, Russia, and some other regions. It is marked by one or two remissions of the fever, by articular and muscular pains, and by the presence, during the paroxism of spiral bacterium (<spn>Spiroch\'91te</spn>) in the blood. It is not usually fatal. Called also <altname>famine fever</altname>, and <altname>recurring fever</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Relate</h1>
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<hw>Re*late"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Related</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Relating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>relater</ets> to recount, LL. <ets>relatare</ets>, fr. L.  <ets>relatus</ets>, used as p. p. of <ets>referre</ets>. See <er>Elate</er>, and cf. <er>Refer</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring back; to restore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote> Abate your zealous haste, till morrow next again
Both light of heaven and strength of men <b>relate</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To refer; to ascribe, as to a source.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To recount; to narrate; to tell over.</def>

<blockquote>This heavy act with heavy heart <b>relate</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To ally by connection or kindred.</def>

<cs><col>To relate one's self</col>, <cd>to vent thoughts in words. <mark>[R.]</mark></cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To tell; recite; narrate; recount; rehearse; report; detail; describe.</syn>

<h1>Relate</h1>
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<hw>Re*late"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stand in some relation; to have bearing or concern; to pertain; to refer; -- with <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>All negative or privative words <b>relate</b> positive ideas.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make reference; to take account.</def> <mark>[R.& Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Reckoning by the years of their own consecration without <b>relating</b> to any imperial account.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Related</h1>
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<hw>Re*lat"ed</hw> <tt>(-l?t"?d)</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Allied by kindred; connected by blood or alliance, particularly by consanguinity; <as>as, persons <ex>related</ex> in the first or second degree</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Standing in relation or connection; <as>as, the electric and magnetic forcec are closely <ex>related</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Narrated; told.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Relative</er>, 4.</def>

<h1>Relatedness</h1>
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<hw>Re*lat"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or condition of being related; relationship; affinity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Emerson.</i>

<h1>Relater</h1>
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<hw>Re*lat"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who relates or narrates.</def>

<h1>Relation</h1>
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<hw>Re*la"tion</hw> <tt>(r?-l?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>relation</ets>, L.  <ets>relatio</ets>. See <er>Relate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of relating or telling; also, that which is related; recital; account; narration; narrative; <as>as, the <ex>relation</ex> of historical events</as>.</def>

<blockquote><?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/oet's <b>relation</b> doth well figure them.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being related or of referring; what is apprehended as appertaining to a being or quality, by considering it in its bearing upon something else; relative quality or condition; the being such and such with regard or respect to some other thing; connection; <as>as, the <ex>relation</ex> of experience to knowledge; the <ex>relation</ex> of master to servant.</as></def>

<blockquote>Any sort of connection which is perceived or imagined between two or more things, or any comparison which is made by the mind, is a <b>relation</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Reference; respect; regard.</def>

<blockquote>I have been importuned to make some observations on this art in <b>relation</b> to its agreement with poetry.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Connection by consanguinity or affinity; kinship; relationship; <as>as, the <ex>relation</ex> of parents and children</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Relations</b> dear, and all the charities
Of father, son, and brother, first were known.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A person connected by cosanguinity or affinity; a relative; a kinsman or kinswoman.</def>

<blockquote>For me . . . my <b>relation</b> does not care a rush.
<i>Ld. Lytton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The carrying back, and giving effect or operation to, an act or proceeding frrom some previous date or time, by a sort of fiction, as if it had happened or begun at that time. In such case the act is said to take effect by <i>relation</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The act of a relator at whose instance a suit is begun.</def>

<i>Wharton. Burrill.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Recital; rehearsal; narration; account; narrative; tale; detail; description; kindred; kinship; consanguinity; affinity; kinsman; kinswoman.</syn>

<h1>Relational</h1>
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<hw>Re*la"tion*al</hw> <tt>(r?-l?"sh?n-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having relation or kindred; related.</def>

<blockquote>We might be tempted to take these two nations for <b>relational stems</b>.
<i>Tooke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Indicating or specifying some relation.</def>

<blockquote><b>Relational</b> words, as prepositions, auxiliaries, etc.
<i>R. Morris.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Relationist</h1>
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<hw>Re*la"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A relative; a relation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Relationship</h1>
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<hw>Re*la"tion*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being related by kindred, affinity, or other alliance.</def>

<i>Mason.</i>

<h1>Relative</h1>
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<hw>Rel"a*tive</hw> <tt>(r?l"?-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>relatif</ets>, L. <ets>relativus</ets>. See <er>Relate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having relation or reference; referring; respecting; standing in connection; pertaining; <as>as, arguments not <ex>relative</ex> to the subject</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I'll have grounds
More <b>relative</b> than this.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Arising from relation; resulting from connection with, or reference to, something else; not absolute.</def>

<blockquote>Every thing sustains both an absolute and a <b>relative</b> capacity: an absolute, as it is such a thing, endued with such a nature; and a <b>relative</b>, as it is a part of the universe, and so stands in such a relations to the whole.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Indicating or expressing relation; refering to an antecedent; <as>as, a <ex>relative</ex> pronoun</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Characterizing or pertaining to chords and keys, which, by reason of the identify of some of their tones, admit of a natural transition from one to the other.</def>

<i>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</i>

<cs><col>Relative clause</col> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>, <cd>a clause introduced by a relative pronoun.</cd> -- <col>Relative term</col>, <cd>a term which implies relation to, as guardian to ward, matter to servant, husband to wife.  Cf. <er>Correlative</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Relative</h1>
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<hw>Rel"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, relates to, or is considered in its relation to, something else; a relative object or term; one of two object or term; one of two objects directly connected by any relation.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A person connected by blood or affinity; strictly, one allied by blood; a relation; a kinsman or kinswoman</def>. "Confining our care . . . to ourselves and <i>relatives</i>."  <i>Bp. Fell</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A relative prnoun; a word which relates to, or represents, another word or phrase, called its <i>antecedent</i>; as, the <i>relatives</i> " who", "which", "that".</def>

<h1>Relatively</h1>
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<hw>Rel"a*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a relative manner; in relation or respect to something else; not absolutely.</def>

<blockquote>Consider the absolute affections of any being as it is in itself, before you consider it <b>relatively</b>.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Relativeness</h1>
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<hw>Rel"a*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n</tt> <def>The state of being relative, or having relation; relativity.</def>

<h1>Relativity</h1>
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<hw>Rel`a*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(-t?v"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being relative; <as>as, the <ex>relativity</ex> of a subject</as>.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Relator</h1>
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<hw>Re*lat"or</hw> <tt>(r?-l?t"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[ L.: cf. F. <ets>relateur</ets>. See <er>Relate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who relates; a relater.</def> "The several <i>relators</i> of this history."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A private person at whose relation, or in whose behalf, the attorney-general allows an information in the nature of a <i>quo warranto</i> to be filed.</def>

<h1>Relatrix</h1>
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<hw>Re*lat"rix</hw> <tt>(-r?ks)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A female relator.</def>

<h1>Relax</h1>
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<hw>Re*lax"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?ks")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Relaxed</er> <tt>(-l?kst")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Relaxing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>relaxare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>laxare</ets> to loose, to slacken, from <ets>laxus</ets> loose. See <er>Lax</er>, and cf. <er>Relay</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Release</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make lax or loose; to make less close, firm, rigid, tense, or the like; to slacken; to loosen; to open; <as>as, to <ex>relax</ex> a rope or cord; to <ex>relax</ex> the muscles or sinews.</as></def>

<blockquote>Horror . . . all his joints <b>relaxed</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nor served it to <b>relax</b> their serried files.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make less severe or rogorous; to abate the stringency of; to remit in respect to strenuousness, esrnestness, or effort; <as>as, to <ex>relax</ex> discipline; to <ex>relax</ex> one's attention or endeavors.</as></def>

<blockquote>The stature of mortmain was at several times <b>relaxed</b> by the legilature.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, to relieve from attention or effort; to ease; to recreate; to divert; <as>as, amusement <ex>relaxes</ex> the mind</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To relieve from constipation; to loosen; to open; <as>as, an aperient <ex>relaxes</ex> the bowels</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To slacken; loosen; loose; remit; abate; mitigate; ease; unbend; divert.</syn>

<h1>Relax</h1>
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<hw>Re*lax"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become lax, weak, or loose; <as>as, to let one's grasp <ex>relax</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>His knees <b>relax</b> with toil.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To abate in severity; to become less rigorous.</def>

<blockquote>In others she <b>relaxed</b> again,
And governed with a looser rein.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To remit attention or effort; to become less diligent; to unbend; <as>as, to <ex>relax</ex> in study</as>.</def>

<h1>Relax</h1>
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<hw>Re*lax"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Relaxation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Relax</h1>
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<hw>Re**lax"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relaxed; lax; hence, remiss; careless.</def>

<h1>Relaxable</h1>
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<hw>Re*lax"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being relaxed.</def>

<h1>Relaxant</h1>
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<hw>Re*lax"ant</hw> <tt>(r?-l?ks"<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>relaxans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>relaxare</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine that relaxes; a laxative.</def>

<h1>Relaxation</h1>
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<hw>Re`lax*a"tion</hw> <tt>(r?`l?ks-?"sh?n;277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>relaxatio</ets>; cf. F. <ets>relaxation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of relaxing, or the state of being relaxed; <as>as, <ex>relaxation</ex> of the muscles; <ex>relaxation</ex> of a law.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Remission from attention and effort; indulgence in recreation, diversion, or amusement.</def> "Hours of careless <i>relaxation</i>."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Relaxative</h1>
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<hw>Re*lax"a*tive</hw> <tt>(r?-l?ks"?-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the quality of relaxing; laxative.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A relaxant.</def></def2>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Relay</h1>
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<hw>Re*lay"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Relaid</er> <tt>(-l?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Relaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref <ets>re- +  lay</ets>, v.]</ety> <def>To lay again; to lay a second time; <as>as, to <ex>relay</ex> a pavement</as>.</def>

<h1>Relay</h1>
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<hw>Re*lay"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>relais</ets> (cf. OF. <ets>relais</ets> relaxation, discontinuance, It. <ets>rilascio</ets> release, relief, <ets>rilasso</ets> relay), fr. OF. <ets>relaissier</ets> to abandon, release, fr. L. <ets>relaxare</ets>. See <er>Relax</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A supply of anything arranged beforehand for affording relief from time to time, or at successive stages; provision for successive relief. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> A supply of horses placced at stations to be in readiness to relieve others, so that a trveler may proceed without delay. <sd>(b)</sd> A supply of hunting dogs or horses kept in readiness at certain places to relive the tired dogs or horses, and to continnue the pursuit of the game if it comes that way. <sd>(c)</sd> A number of men who relieve others in carrying on some work.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>In various forms of telegrapfhic apparatus, a megnet which receives the circuit current, and is caused by it to bring into into action the power of a local battery for performing the work of making the record; also, a similar device by which the current in one circuit is made to open or close another circuit in which a current is passing.</def>

<cs><col>Relay battery</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>the local battery which is brought into use by the action of the relay magnet, or relay.</cd></cs>

<h1>Relbun</h1>
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<hw>Rel"bun</hw> <tt>(r?l"b?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The roots of the Chilian plant <spn>Calceolaria arachnoidea</spn>, -- used for dyeing crimson.</def>

<h1>Releasable</h1>
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<hw>Re*leas"a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?-l?s"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be released.</def>

<h1>Release</h1>
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<hw>Re*lease"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?s")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re + lease</ets> to let.]</ety> <def>To lease again; to grant a new lease of; to let back.</def>

<h1>Release</h1>
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<hw>Re*lease"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?s")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Released</er> <tt>(r?*l?st")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Releasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>relessen</ets>, OF. <ets>relassier</ets>, to release, to let free. See <er>Relay</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Relax</er>, and cf. <er>Release</er> to lease again.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To let loose again; to set free from restraint, confinement, or servitude; to give liberty to, or to set at liberty; to let go.</def>

<blockquote>Now at that feast he <b>released</b> unto them one prisoner, whomsoever they desired.
<i>Mark xv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To relieve from something that confines, burdens, or oppresses, as from pain, trouble, obligation, penalty.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To let go, as a legal claim; to discharge or relinquish a right to, as lands or tenements, by conveying to another who has some right or estate in possession, as when the person in remainder releases his right to the tenant in possession; to quit.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To loosen; to relax; to remove the obligation of; <as>as, to <ex>release</ex> an ordinance</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hooker.</i>

<blockquote>A sacred vow that none should aye <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To free; liberate; loose; discharge; disengage; extracate; let go; quit; acquit.</syn>

<h1>Release</h1>
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<hw>Re*lease"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of letting loose or freeing, or the state of being let loose or freed; liberation or discharge from restraint of any kind, as from confinement or bondage.</def> "Who boast'st <i>release</i> from hell."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relief from care, pain, or any burden.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Discharge from obligation or responsibility, as from debt, penalty, or claim of any kind; acquittance.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A giving up or relinquishment of some right or claim; a conveyance of a man's right in lands or tenements to another who has some estate in possession; a quitclaim.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>The act of opening the exhaust port to allow the steam to escape.</def>

<cs><col>Lease and release</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Lease</er>.</cd> -- <col>Out of release</col>, <cd>without cessation. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Liberation; freedom; discharge. See <er>Death</er>.</syn>

<h1>Releasee</h1>
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<hw>Re*leas`ee"</hw> <tt>(-?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One to whom a release is given.</def>

<h1>Releasement</h1>
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<hw>Re*lease"ment</hw> <tt>(r?-l?s"m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of releasing, as from confinement or obligation.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Releaser</h1>
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<hw>Re*leas"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who releases, or sets free.</def>

<h1>Releasor</h1>
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<hw>Re*leas"or</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One by whom a release is given.</def>

<h1>Relegate</h1>
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<hw>Rel"e*gate</hw> <tt>(r?l"?-g?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Relegated</er> <tt>(-g?`t?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Relegating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>relegatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>relegare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>legare</ets> to send with a commission or charge. See <er>Legate</er>.]</ety> <def>To remove, usually to an inferior position; to consign; to transfer; specifically, to send into exile; to banish.</def>

<blockquote>It [the Latin language] was <b>relegated</b> into the study of the scholar.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Relegation</h1>
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<hw>Rel`e*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(-g?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>relegatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rel<?/gation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of relegating, or the state of being relegated; removal; banishment; exile.</def>

<h1>Relent</h1>
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<hw>Re*lent"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?nt")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Relented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Relenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ralentir</ets>, fr. L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>ad</ets> to + <ets>lentus</ets> pliant, flexible, slow. See <er>Lithe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become less rigid or hard; to yield; to dissolve; to melt; to deliquesce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He stirred the coals till <b>relente</b> gan
The wax again the fire.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[Salt of tartar] placed in a cellar will . . . begin to <b>relent</b>.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When opening buds salute the welcome day,
And earth, <b>relenting</b>, feels the genial ray.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To become less severe or intense; to become less hard, harsh, cruel, or the like; to soften in temper; to become more mild and tender; to feel compassion.</def>

<blockquote>Can you . . . behold
My sighs and tears, and will not once <b>relent</b>?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Relent</h1>
<Xpage=1213>

<hw>Re*lent"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To slacken; to abate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And oftentimes he would <b>relent</b> his pace.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To soften; to dissolve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To mollify ; to cause to be less harsh or severe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="1214">
Page 1214<p>

<h1>Relent</h1>
<Xpage=1214>

<hw>Re*lent"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?nt")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Stay; stop; delay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Nor rested till she came without <b>relent</b>
Unto the land of Amazona.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Relentless</h1>
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<hw>Re*lent"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unmoved by appeals for sympathy or forgiveness; insensible to the distresses of others; destitute of tenderness; unrelenting; unyielding; unpitying; <as>as, a prey to <ex>relentless</ex> despotism</as>.</def>

<blockquote>For this the avenging power employs his darts,..
Thus will persist, <b>relentless</b> in his ire.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*lent"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*lent"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Relentment</h1>
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<hw>Re*lent"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or process of retenting; the state of having relented.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Relesse</h1>
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<hw>Re*lesse"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?s")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To release.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Relessee</h1>
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<hw>Re`les*see"</hw> <tt>(r?`l?s-s?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Releasee</er>.</def>

<h1>Relessor</h1>
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<hw>Re`les*sor"</hw> <tt>(-s?r")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Releasor</er>.</def>

<h1>Re-let</h1>
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<hw>Re-let"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To let anew, as a hous.</def>

<h1>Relevance rlv<it>a</it>ns, Relevancy</h1>
<Xpage=1214>

<hw><hw>Rel"e*vance</hw> <tt>(r?l"?*v<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <hw>Rel"e*van*cy</hw> <tt>(-v<it>a</it>n*s?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being relevant; pertinency; applicability.</def>

<blockquote>Its answer little meaning, little <b>relevancy</b> bore.
<i>Poe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>Sufficiency to infer the conclusion.</def>

<h1>Relevant</h1>
<Xpage=1214>

<hw>Rel"e*vant</hw> <tt>(-v<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>relevant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>relever</ets> to raise again, to relieve. See <er>Relieve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Relieving; lending aid or support.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Pownall.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bearing upon, or properly applying to, the case in hand; pertinent; applicable.</def>

<blockquote>Close and <b>relevant</b> arguments have very little hold on the passions.
<i>Sydney Smith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(SScots Law)</fld> <def>Sufficient to support the cause.</def>

<h1>Relevantly</h1>
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<hw>Rel"e*vant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a relevant manner.</def>

<h1>Relevation</h1>
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<hw>Rel`e*va"tion</hw> <tt>(-v?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>relevatio</ets>, fr. <ets>relevare</ets>. See <er>Relieve</er>.]</ety> <def>A raising or lifting up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reliability</h1>
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<hw>Re*li`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(r?-l?`?-b?l"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being reliable; reliableness.</def>

<h1>Reliable</h1>
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<hw>Re*li"a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?-l?"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suitable or fit to be relied on; worthy of dependance or reliance; trustworthy.</def> "A <i>reliable</i> witness to the truth of the miracles."

<i>A. Norton.</i>

<blockquote>The best means, and most <b>reliable</b> pledge, of a higher object.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>According to General Livingston's humorous account, his own village of Elizabethtown was not much more <b>reliable</b>, being peopled in those agitated times by "unknown, unrecommended strangers, guilty-looking Tories, and very knavish Whigs."
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Some authors take exception to this word, maintaining that it is unnecessary, and irregular in formation. It is, however, sanctioned by the practice of many careful writers as a most convenient substitute for the phrase <i>to be relied upon</i>, and a useful synonym for <i>trustworthy</i>, which is by preference applied to persons, as <i>reliable</i> is to things, such as an account, statement, or the like. The objection that adjectives derived from neuter verbs do not admit of a passive sense is met by the citation of <i>laughable</i>, worthy of being laughed <i>at</i>, from the neuter verb <i>to laugh</i>; <i>available</i>, fit or able to be availed <i>of</i>, from the neuter verb <i>to avail</i>; <i>dispensable</i>, capable of being dispensed <i>with</i>, from the neuter verb <i>to dispense</i>. Other examples might be added.</note>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*li"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Re*li"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Reliance</h1>
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<hw>Re*li"ance</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Rely</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of relying, or the condition or quality of being reliant; dependence; confidence; trust; repose of mind upon what is deemed sufficient support or authority.</def>

<blockquote>In <b>reliance</b> on promises which proved to be of very little value.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything on which to rely; dependence; ground of trust; <as>as, the boat was a poor <ex>reliance</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Richardson.</i>

<h1>Reliant</h1>
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<hw>Re*li"ant</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having, or characterized by, reliance; confident; trusting.</def>

<h1>Relic</h1>
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<hw>Rel"ic</hw> <tt>(r?l"?k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>relique</ets>, from L. <ets>reliquiae</ets>, pl., akin to <ets>relinquere</ets> to leave behind. See <er>Relinquish</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>relique</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which remains; that which is left after loss or decay; a remaining portion; a remnant.</def>

<i>Chaucer. Wyclif.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>relics</b> of lost innocence.
<i>Kebe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The fragments, scraps, the bits and greasy <b>relics</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The body from which the soul has departed; a corpse; especially, the body, or some part of the body, of a deceased saint or martyr; -- usually in the plural when referring to the whole body.</def>

<blockquote>There are very few treasuries of <b>relics</b> in Italy that have not a tooth or a bone of this saint.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thy <b>relics</b>, Rowe, to this fair urn we trust,
And sacred place by Dryden's awful dust.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, a memorial; anything preserved in remembrance; <as>as, <ex>relics</ex> of youthful days or friendships</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The pearis were split;
Some lost, some stolen, some as <b>relics</b> kept.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Relicly</h1>
<Xpage=1214>

<hw>Rel"ic*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In the manner of relics.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Relict</h1>
<Xpage=1214>

<hw>Rel"ict</hw> <tt>(-?kt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>relicta</ets>, fr. of <ets>relictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>relinquere</ets> to leave behind. See <er>Relinquish</er>.]</ety> <def>A woman whose husband is dead; a widow.</def>

<blockquote>Eli dying without issue, Jacob was obbliged by law to marry his <b>relict</b>, and so to raise up seed to his brother Eli.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Relicted</h1>
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<hw>Re*lict"ed</hw> <tt>(r?-l?kt"?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>relictus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Left uncovered, as land by recession of water.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Reliction</h1>
<Xpage=1214>

<hw>Re*lic"tion</hw> <tt>(r?-l?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>relictio</ets> a leaving behind.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A leaving dry; a recession of the sea or other water, leaving dry land; land left uncovered by such recession.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Relief</h1>
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<hw>Re*lief"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?f")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>relef</ets>, F. <ets>relief</ets>, properly, a lifting up, a standing out. See <er>Relieve</er>, and cf. <er>Basrelief</er>, <er>Rilievi</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of relieving, or the state of being relieved; the removal, or partial removal, of any evil, or of anything oppressive or burdensome, by which some ease is obtained; succor; alleviation; comfort; ease; redress.</def>

<blockquote>He seec the dire contagion spread so fast,
That, where it seizes, all <b>relief</b> is vain.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Release from a post, or from the performance of duty, by the intervention of others, by discharge, or by relay; <as>as, a <ex>relief</ex> of a sentry</as>.</def>

<blockquote>For this <b>relief</b> much thanks; ;tis bitter cold.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which removes or lessenc evil, pain, discomfort, uneasiness, etc.; that which gives succor, aid, or comfort; also, the person who relieves from performance of duty by taking the place of another; a relay.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>A fine or composition which the heir of a deceased tenant paid to the lord for the privilege of taking up the estate, which, on strict feudal principles, had lapsed or fallen to the lord on the death of the tenant.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Sculp. & Arch.)</fld> <def>The projection of a figure above the ground or plane on wwhich it is formed.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Relief</i> is of three kinds, namely, <stype>high relief</stype> (<stype>altorilievo</stype>), <stype>low relief</stype>, (<stype>basso-rilievo</stype>), and <stype>demirelief</stype> (<stype>mezzo-rilievo</stype>). See these terms in the Vocabulary.</note>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>The appearance of projection given by shading, shadow, etc., to any figure.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The height to which works are raised above the bottom of the ditch.</def>

<i>Wilhelm.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Physical Geog.)</fld> <def>The elevations and surface undulations of a country.</def>

<i>Guyot.</i>

<cs><col>Relief valve</col>, <cd>a valve arranged for relieving pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; an escape valve.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Alleviation; mitigation; aid; help; succor; assistance; remedy; redress; indemnification.</syn>

<h1>Reliefful</h1>
<Xpage=1214>

<hw>Re*lief"ful</hw> <tt>(r?-l?f"f?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giving relief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reliefless</h1>
<Xpage=1214>

<hw>Re*lief"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of relief; also, remediless.</def>

<h1>Relier</h1>
<Xpage=1214>

<hw>Re*li"er</hw> <tt>(r?-l?"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Rely</er>.]</ety> <def>One who relies.</def>

<h1>Relievable</h1>
<Xpage=1214>

<hw>Re*liev"a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?-l?v"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being relieved; fitted to recieve relief.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Relieve</h1>
<Xpage=1214>

<hw>Re*lieve"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?v")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Relieved</er> <tt>(-l?vd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Relieving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>releven</ets>, F. <ets>relever</ets> to raise again, discharge, relieve, fr. L. <ets>relevare</ets> to lift up, raise, make light, relieve; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>levare</ets> to raise, fr. <ets>levis</ets> light. See <er>Levity</er>, and cf. <er>Relevant</er>, <er>Relief</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lift up; to raise again, as one who has fallen; to cause to rise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to seem to rise; to put in relief; to give prominence or conspicuousness to; to <?/et off by contrast.</def>

<blockquote>Her tall figure <b>relieved</b> against the blue sky; seemed almost of supernatural height.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To raise up something in; to introduce a contrast or variety into; to remove the monotony or sameness of.</def>

<blockquote>The poet must . . . sometimes <b>relieve</b> the subject with a moral reflection.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To raise or remove, as anything which depresses, weighs down, or cruches; to render less burdensome or afflicting; to allevate; to-abate; to mitigate; to lessen; <as>as, to <ex>relieve</ex> pain; to <ex>relieve</ex> the wants of the poor.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To free, wholly or partly, from any burden, trial, evil, distress, or the like; to give ease, comfort, or consolation to; to give aid, help, or succor to; to support, strengthen, or deliver; <as>as, to <ex>relieve</ex> a besieged town</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Now lend assistance and <b>relieve</b> the poor.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To release from a post, station, or duty; to put another in place of, or to take the place of, in the bearing of any burden, or discharge of any duty.</def>

<blockquote>Who hath <b>relieved</b> you?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To ease of any imposition, burden, wrong, or oppression, by judicial or legislative interposition, as by the removal of a grievance, by indemnification for losses, or the like; to right.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To alleviate; assuage; succor; assist; aid; help; support; substain; ease; mitigate; lighten; diminish; remove; free; remedy; redress; indemnify.</syn>

<h1>Relievment</h1>
<Xpage=1214>

<hw>Re*liev"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of relieving, or the state of being relieved; relief; release.</def> <mark>[Archaic.]</mark>

<h1>Reliever</h1>
<Xpage=1214>

<hw>Re*liev"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, relieves.</def>

<h1>Relieving</h1>
<Xpage=1214>

<hw>Re*liev"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving or tending to relieve.</def>

<cs><col>Relieving arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a discharging arch. See under <er>Discharge</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></cd> -- <col>Relieving tackle</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A temporary tackle attached to the tiller of a vessel during gales or an action, in case of accident to the tiller ropes</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A strong tackle from a wharf to a careened vessel, to prevent her from going over entirely, and to assist in righting her.</cd></cs>

<i>Totten.  Craig.</i>

<h1>Relievo</h1>
<Xpage=1214>

<hw>Re*lie"vo</hw> <tt>(r?-l?"v?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>rilievo</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Relief</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</def>

<h1>Relight</h1>
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<hw>Re*light"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To light or kindle anew.</def>

<h1>Religieuse r<i>e</i>-lzhz, n. f. Religieux</h1>
<Xpage=1214>

<hw><hw>Re*li`gi`euse"</hw> <tt>(r<i>e</i>-l?`zh?`?z")</tt>, <tt>n. f.</tt> <hw>Re*li`gi`eux"</hw> <tt>(r<i>e</i>-l?`zh?`?")</tt>, <tt>n. m.</tt><hw><ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A person bound by monastic vows; a nun; a monk.</def>

<h1>Religion</h1>
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<hw>Re*li"gion</hw> <tt>(r?-l?j"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., from L. <ets>religio</ets>; cf. <ets>religens</ets> pious, revering the gods, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to head, have a care. Cf. <er>Neglect</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The outward act or form by which men indicate their recognition of the existence of a god or of gods having power over their destiny, to whom obedience, service, and honor are due; the feeling or expression of human love, fear, or awe of some superhuman and overruling power, whether by profession of belief, by observance of rites and ceremonies, or by the conduct of life; a system of faith and worship; a manifestation of piety; <as>as, ethical <ex>religions</ex>; monotheistic <ex>religions</ex>; natural <ex>religion</ex>; revealed <ex>religion</ex>; the <ex>religion</ex> of the Jews; the <ex>religion</ex> of idol worshipers</as>.</def>

<blockquote>An orderly life so far as others are able to observe us is now and then produced by prudential motives or by dint of habit; but without seriousness there can be no religious principle at the bottom, no course of conduct from religious motives; in a word, there can be no <b>religion</b>.
<i>Paley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Religion</b> [was] not, as too often now, used as equivalent for godliness; but . . . it expressed the outer form and embodiment which the inward spirit of a true or a false devotion assumed.
<i>Trench.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Religions, by which are meant the modes of sdivine worship proper to different tribes, nations, or communities, and based on the belief held in common by the members of them severally . . . There is no living <b>religion</b> without something like a doctrine. On the other hand, a doctrine, however elaborate, does not constitute a <b>religion</b>.
<i> C. P. Tiele (Encyc. Brit. ).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Religion</b> . . . means the conscious relation between man and God, and the expression of that relation in human conduct.
<i>J. K\'94stlin (Schaff-Herzog Encyc. )</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>After the most straitest sect of our <b>religion</b> I lived a Pharisce.
<i>Acts xxvi. 5.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The image of a brute, adorned
With gay <b>religions</b> full of pomp and gold.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, conformity in faith and life to the precepts inculcated in the Bible, respecting the conduct of life and duty toward God and man; the Christian faith and practice.</def>

<blockquote>Let us with caution indulge the supposition that morality can be maintained without <b>religion</b>.
<i>Washington.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Religion</b> will attend you . . . as pleasant and useful companion in every proper place, and every temperate occupation of life.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R.C.CH.)</fld> <def>A monastic or religious order subject to a regulated mode of life; the religious state; <as>as, to enter <ex>religion</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Trench.</i>

<blockquote>A good man was there of <b>religion</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Strictness of fidelity in conforming to any practice, as if it were an enjoined rule of conduct.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Those parts of pleading which in ancient times might perhaps be material, but at this time are become only mere styles and forms, are still continued with much <b>religion</b>.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Religion</i>, as distinguished from <i>theology</i>, is subjective, designating the feelings and acts of men which relate to God; while <i>theology</i> is objective, and denotes those ideas which man entertains respecting the God whom he worships, especially his systematized views of God. As distinguished from <i>morality</i>, <i>religion</i> denotes the influences and motives to human duty which are found in the character and will of God, while <i>morality</i> describes the duties to man, to which true <i>religion</i> always influences. As distinguished from <i>piety</i>, <i>religion</i> is a high sense of moral obligation and spirit of reverence or worship which affect the heart of man with respect to the Deity, while <i>piety</i>, which first expressed the feelings of a child toward a parent, is used for that filial sentiment of veneration and love which we owe to the Father of all. As distinguished from <i>sanciti</i>, <i>religion</i> is the means by which <i>sanctity</i> is achieved, <i>sanctity</i> denoting primarily that purity of heart and life which results from habitual communion with God, and a sense of his continual presence.</note>

<cs><col>Natural religion</col>, <cd>a religion based upon the evidences of a God and his qualities, which is supplied by natural phenomena. See <cref>Natural theology</cref>, under <er>Natural</er>.</cd> -- <col>Religion of humanity</col>, <cd>a name sometimes given to a religion founded upon positivism as a philosophical basis.</cd> -- <col>Revealed religion</col>, <cd>that which is based upon direct communication of God's will to mankind; especially, the Christian religion, based on the revelations recorded in the Old and New Testaments.</cd></cs>

<h1>Religionary</h1>
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<hw>Re*li"gion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(r?-l?j"?n-?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to religion; pious; <as>as, <ex>religionary</ex> professions</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Religionary, Religioner</h1>
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<hw><hw>Re*li"gion*a*ry</hw>, <hw>Re*li"gion*er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>A religionist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Religionism</h1>
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<hw>Re*li"gion*ism</hw> <tt>(-?z'm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The practice of, or devotion to, religion.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Affectation or pretense of religion.</def>

<h1>Religionist</h1>
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<hw>Re*li"gion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One earnestly devoted or attached to a religion; a religious zealot.</def>

<blockquote>The chief actors on one side were, and were to be, the Puritan <b>religionists</b>.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It might be that an Antinomian, a Quaker, or other heterodo<?/ <b>religionists</b>, was to be scourged out of the town.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Religionize</h1>
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<hw>Re*li"gion*ize</hw> <tt>(-?z)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bring under the influence of religion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Mallock.</i>

<h1>Religionless</h1>
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<hw>Re*li"gion*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of religion.</def>

<h1>Religiosity</h1>
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<hw>Re*lig`i*os"i*ty</hw> <tt>(-l?j`?-?s"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>religiositas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>religiosit<?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being religious; religious feeling or sentiment; religiousness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>M. Arnold.</i>

<h1>Religious</h1>
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<hw>Re*li"gious</hw> <tt>(r?-l?j"?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>religius</ets>, <ets>religious</ets>, F. <ets>religieux</ets>, from L.  <ets>religiosus</ets>. See <er>Religion</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to religion; concerned with religion; teaching, or setting forth, religion; set apart to religion; <as>as, a <ex>religious</ex> society; a <ex>religious</ex> sect; a <ex>religious</ex> place; <ex>religious</ex> subjects, books, teachers, houses, wars.</as></def>

<blockquote>Our law forbids at their <b>religious</b> rites
My presence.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Possessing, or conforming to, religion; pious; godly; <as>as, a <ex>religious</ex> man, life, behavior, etc.</as></def>

<blockquote>Men whose lives
<b>Religious</b> titled them the sons of God.
<i>Mlton</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Scrupulously faithful or exact; strict.</def>

<blockquote>Thus, Indianlike,
<b>Religious</b> in my error, I adore
The sun, that looks upon his worshiper.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Belonging to a religious order; bound by vows.</def>

<blockquote>One of them is <b>religious</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Pious; godly; holy; devout; devotional; conscientious; strict; rogod; exact.</syn>

<h1>Religious</h1>
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<hw>Re*li"gious</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person bound by monastic vows, or sequestered from secular concern, and devoted to a life of piety and religion; a monk or friar; a nun.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Religiously</h1>
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<hw>Re*li"gious*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a religious manner.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Religiousness</h1>
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<hw>Re*li"gious*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being religious.</def>

<h1>Relik</h1>
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<hw>Rel"ik</hw> <tt>(r?l"?k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Relic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Relinquent</h1>
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<hw>Re*lin"quent</hw> <tt>(r?-l?n"kw<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>relinquens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>relinqquere</ets>. See <er>Relinquish</er>.]</ety> <def>Relinquishing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Relinquent</h1>
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<hw>Re*lin"quent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who relinquishes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Relinquish</h1>
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<hw>Re*lin"quish</hw> <tt>(-kw?sh)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Relinquished</er> <tt>(-kw?sht)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Relinquishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>relinquir</ets>, L. <ets>relinquere</ets> to leave behind; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re + <ets>linquere</ets> to leave. See <er>Loan</er>, and cf. <er>Relic</er>, <er>Relict</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To withdraw from; to leave behind; to desist from; to abandon; to quit; <as>as, to <ex>relinquish</ex> a pursuit</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We ought to <b>relinquish</b> such rites.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They placed Irish tenants upon the lands <b>relinquished</b> by the English.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give up; to renounce a claim to; resign; <as>as, to <ex>relinquish</ex> a debt</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To resign; leave; quit; forsake; abandon; desert; renounce; forb<?/ar; forego. See <er>Resign</er>.</syn>

<h1>Relinquisher</h1>
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<hw>Re*lin"quish*er</hw> <tt>(-r?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who relinquishes.</def>

<h1>Relinquishment</h1>
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<hw>Re*lin"quish*ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of relinquishing.</def>

<h1>Reliquary</h1>
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<hw>Rel"i*qua*ry</hw> <tt>(r?l"?-kw?-r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ries</plw> <tt>(-r&icr;z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[LL.<ets>reliquiarium</ets>, <ets>reliquiare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>reliquaire</ets>. See <er>Relic</er>.]</ety> <def>A depositary, often a small box or casket, in which relics are kept.</def>

<h1>Relique</h1>
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<hw>Re*lique"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?k")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>See <er>Relic</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Reliqui\'91/</h1>
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<hw>Re*liq"ui*\'91/</hw> <tt>(r?-l?k"w?-?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Relic</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Remains of the dead; organic remains; relics.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Induvi\'91</er>.</def>

<hr>
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Page 1215<p>

<h1>Reliquian</h1>
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<hw>Re*liq"ui*an</hw> <tt>(r?-l?k"w?-<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a relic or relics; of the nature of a relic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Reliquidate</h1>
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<hw>Re*liq"ui*date</hw> <tt>(r?-l?k"w?-d?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To liquidate anew; to adjust a second time.</def>

<h1>Reliquidation</h1>
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<hw>Re*liq`ui*da"tion</hw> <tt>(-d\'b5"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second or renewed liquidation; a renewed adjustment.</def>

<i>A. Hamilton.</i>

<h1>Relish</h1>
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<hw>Rel"ish</hw> <tt>(r?l"?sh)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Relished</er> <tt>(-<?/sht)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Relishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of. <ets>relechier</ets> to lick or taste anew; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re-+ <ets>lechier</ets> to lick, F. <ets>l<?/cher</ets>. See <er>Lecher</er>, <er>Lick</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To taste or eat with pleasure; to like the flavor of; to partake of with gratification; hence, to enjoy; to be pleased with or gratified by; to experience pleasure from; <as>as, to <ex>relish</ex> food</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Now I begin to <b>relish</b> thy advice.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He knows how to prize his advantages, and to <b>relish</b> the honors which he enjoys.
<i>Atterbury.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give a relish to; to cause to taste agreeably.</def>

<blockquote>A savory bit that served to <b>relish</b> wine.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Relish</h1>
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<hw>Rel"ish</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To have a pleasing or appetizing taste; to give gratification; to have a flavor.</def>

<blockquote>Had I been the finder-out of this secret, it would not have <b>relished</b> among my other discredits.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>A theory, which, how much soever it may <b>relish</b> of wit and invention, hath no foundation in nature.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Relish</h1>
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<hw>Rel"ish</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A pleasing taste; flavor that gratifies the palate; hence, enjoyable quality; power of pleasing.</def>

<blockquote>Much pleasure we have lost while we abstained
From this delightful fruit, nor known till now
True <b>relish</b>, tasting.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When liberty is gone,
Life grows insipid, and has lost its <b>relish</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Savor; quality; characteristic tinge.</def>

<blockquote>It preserve some <b>relish</b> of old writing.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A taste for; liking; appetite; fondness.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>relish</b> for whatever was excelent in arts.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I have a <b>relish</b> for moderate praise, because it bids fair to be j<?/dicious.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is used to impart a flavor; specifically, something taken with food to render it more palatable or to stimulate the appetite; a condiment.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Taste; savor; flavor; appetite; zest; gusto; liking; delight.</syn>

<h1>Relish</h1>
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<hw>Rel"ish</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>The projection or shoulder at the side of, or around, a tenon, on a tenoned piece.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Relishable</h1>
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<hw>Rel"ish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being relished; agreeable to the taste; gratifying.</def>

<h1>Relive</h1>
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<hw>Re*live"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?v")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To live again; to revive.</def>

<h1>Relive</h1>
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<hw>Re*live"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To recall to life; to revive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reload</h1>
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<hw>Re*load"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?d")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To load again, as a gun.</def>

<h1>Reloan</h1>
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<hw>Re*loan"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?n")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second lending of the same thing; a renewal of a loan.</def>

<h1>Relocate</h1>
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<hw>Re*lo"cate</hw> <tt>(r?-l?"k?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To locate again.</def>

<h1>Relocation</h1>
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<hw>Re`lo*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(r?`l\'b5-k?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A second location.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Roman & Scots Law)</fld> <def>Renewal of a lease.</def>

<h1>Relodge</h1>
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<hw>Re*lodge"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?j")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To lodge again.</def>

<h1>Relove</h1>
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<hw>Re*love"</hw> <tt>(-l?v")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To love in return.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Relucent</h1>
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<hw>Re*lu"cent</hw> <tt>(r?-l?"s<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>relucens</ets>, p. pr. <ets>relucere</ets>. See <er>Lucent</er>.]</ety> <def>Reflecting light; shining; glittering; glistening; bright; luminous; splendid.</def>

<blockquote>Gorgeous banners to the sun expand
Their streaming volumes of <b>relucent</b> gold.
<i>Glover.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reluct</h1>
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<hw>Re*luct"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?kt")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reluctari</ets>, p. p. <ets>reluctatus</ets>, to struggle; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>luctari</ets> to struggle, fr. <ets>lucia</ets> a wresting.]</ety> <def>To strive or struggle against anything; to make resistance; to draw back; to feel or show repugnance or reluctance.</def>

<blockquote>Apt to <b>reluct</b> at the excesses of it [passion].
<i>Walton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reluctance r-lkt<it>a</it>ns, Reluctancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Re*luc"tance</hw> <tt>(r?-l?k"t<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <hw>Re*luc"tan*cy</hw> <tt>(-t<it>a</it>n-s?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Reluctant</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being reluctant; repugnance; aversion of mind; unwillingness; -- often followed by an infinitive, or by <i>to</i> and a noun, formerly sometimes by <i>against</i>.</def> "Tempering the severity of his looks with a <i>reluctance</i> to the action."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>He had some <b>reluctance</b> to obey the summons.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Bear witness, Heaven, with what <b>reluctancy</b>
Her helpless innocence I doom to die.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Syn</h1>
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<hw>Syn</hw><def>. See <er>Dislike</er>.</def>

<h1>Reluctant</h1>
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<hw>Re*luc"tant</hw> <tt>(-t<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reluctans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>reluctari</ets>. See <er>Reluct</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Striving against; opposed in desire; unwilling; disinclined; loth.</def>

<blockquote><b>Reluctant</b>, but in vain.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Reluctant</b> now I touched the trembling string.
<i>Tickell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Proceeding from an unwilling mind; granted with reluctance; <as>as, <ex>reluctant</ex> obedience</as>.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Averse; unwilling; loth; disinclined; repugnant; backward; coy. See <er>Averse</er>.</syn>

<h1>Reluctantly</h1>
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<hw>Re*luc"tant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a reluctant manner.</def>

<h1>Reluctate</h1>
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<hw>Re*luc"tate</hw> <tt>(-t?t)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Reluct</er>.]</ety> <def>To struggle against anything; to resist; to oppose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To delude their <i>reluctating</i> consciences."

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Reluctation</h1>
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<hw>Rel`uc*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(r?l`?k-t?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Repugnance; resistance; reluctance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Relume</h1>
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<hw>Re*lume"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?m")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Relumed</er> <tt>(-l?md")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reluming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>relumer</ets> (cf. F. <ets>rallumer</ets>), L. <ets>reluminare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>luminare</ets> to light. Cf. <er>Reillume</er>.]</ety> <def>To rekindle; to light again.</def>

<blockquote><b>Relumed</b> her ancient light, not kindled new.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I know not where is that Promethean heat
That can thy light <b>relume</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Relumine</h1>
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<hw>Re*lu"mine</hw> <tt>(r?-l?"m?n)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Relumined</er> <tt>(-m?nd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Relumining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Relume</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To light anew; to rekindle.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To illuminate again.</def>

<h1>Rely</h1>
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<hw>Re*ly"</hw> <tt>(r?-l?")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Relied</er> <tt>(-l?d")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Relying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + lie</ets> to rest.]</ety> <def>To rest with confidence, as when fully satisfied of the veracity, integrity, or ability of persons, or of the certainty of facts or of evidence; to have confidence; to trust; to depend; -- with <i>on</i>, formerly also with <i>in</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Go in thy native innocence; <b>rely</b>
On what thou hast of virtue.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>On some fond breast the parting soul <b>relies</b>.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To trust; depend; confide; repose.</syn>

<h1>Remade</h1>
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<hw>Re*made"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?d")</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Remake</er>.</def>

<h1>Remain</h1>
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<hw>Re*main"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?n")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Remained</er> <tt>(-m?nd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Remaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>remaindre</ets>, <ets>remanoir</ets>, L.  <ets>remanere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>manere</ets> to stay, remain. See <er>Mansion</er>, and cf. <er>Remainder</er>, <er>Remnant</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To stay behind while others withdraw; to be left after others have been removed or destroyed; to be left after a number or quantity has been subtracted or cut off; to be left as not included or comprised.</def>

<blockquote>Gather up the fragments that <b>remain</b>.
<i>John vi. 12.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Of whom the greater part <b>remain</b> unto this present, but some are fallen asleep.
<i>1 Cor. xv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That . . . <b>remains</b> to be proved.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To continue unchanged in place, form, or condition, or undiminished in quantity; to abide; to stay; to endure; to last.</def>

<blockquote><b>Remain</b> a widow at thy father's house.
<i>Gen. xxxviii. 11.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Childless thou art; childless <b>remain</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To continue; stay; wait; tarry; rest; sojourn; dwell; abide; last; endure.</syn>

<h1>Remain</h1>
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<hw>Re*main"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To await; to be left to.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>The easier conquest now <b>remains</b> thee.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Remainm</h1>
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<hw>Re*main"m</hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>State of remaining; stay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Which often, since my here <b>remain</b> in England,
I 've seen him do.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is left; relic; remainder; -- chiefly in the plural.</def> "The <i>remains</i> of old Rome."

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>When this <b>remain</b> of horror has entirely subsided.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> Specif., in the plural: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That which is left of a human being after the life is gone; relics; a dead body.</def>

<blockquote>Old warriors whose adored <b>remains</b>
In weeping vaults her hallowed earth contains!
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The posthumous works or productions, esp. literary works, of one who is dead; as, Cecil's</def> <i>Remains</i>.

<h1>Remainder</h1>
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<hw>Re*main"der</hw> <tt>(r?-m?n"d?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>remaindre</ets>, inf. See <er>Remain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything that remains, or is left, after the separation and removal of a part; residue; remnant.</def> "The last <i>remainders</i> of unhappy Troy."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>If these decoctions be repeated till the water comes off clear, the <b>remainder</b> yields no salt.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The quantity or sum that is left after subtraction, or after any deduction.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An estate in expectancy, generally in land, which becomes an estate in possession upon the determination of a particular prior estate, created at the same time, and by the same instrument; for example, if land be conveyed to A for life, and on his death to B, A's life interest is a particuar estate, and B's interest is a <i>remainder</i>, or <i>estate in remainder</i>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Balance; rest; residue; remnant; leavings.</syn>

<h1>Remainder</h1>
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<hw>Re*main"der</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Remaining; left; left over; refuse.</def>

<blockquote>Which is as dry as the <b>remainder</b> biscuit
After a voyage.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Remainder-man</h1>
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<hw>Re*main"der-man</hw> <tt>(- m&acr;n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Remainder-men</plw> <tt>(-m&ecr;n)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who has an estate after a particular estate is determined. See <er>Remainder</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Remake</h1>
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<hw>Re*make"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?k")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make anew.</def>

<h1>Remand</h1>
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<hw>Re*mand"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?nd")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Remanded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Remanding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>remander</ets> to send word again, L. <ets>remandare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>mandare</ets> to commit, order, send word. See <er>Mandate</er>.]</ety> <def>To recommit; to send back.</def>

<blockquote><b>Remand</b> it to its former place.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Then were they <b>remanded</b> to the cage again.
<i>Bunyan.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Remand</h1>
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<hw>Re*mand"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of remanding; the order for recommitment.</def>

<h1>Remandment</h1>
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<hw>Re*mand"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A remand.</def>

<h1>Remanence rmn<it>e</it>ns Remanency</h1>
<Xpage=1215>

<hw><hw>Rem"a*nence</hw> <tt>(r?m"?*n<it>e</it>ns)</tt> <hw>Rem"a*nen*cy</hw> <tt>(-n<it>e</it>n*s?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>remanence</ets>, LL. <ets>remanentia</ets>, fr. L. <ets>remanens</ets>. See <er>Remanent</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>The state of being remanent; continuance; permanence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>remanence</b> of the will in the fallen spirit.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Remanent</h1>
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<hw>Rem"a*nent</hw> <tt>(-n<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Remanent</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>That which remains; a remnant; a residue.</def>

<h1>Remanent</h1>
<Xpage=1215>

<hw>Rem"a*nent</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>remanens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>remanere</ets>. See <er>Remain</er>, and cf. <er>Remnant</er>.]</ety> <def>Remaining; residual.</def>

<blockquote>That little hope that is <b>remanent</b> hath its degree according to the infancy or growth of the habit.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Remanent magnetism</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>magnetism which remains in a body that has little coercive force after the magnetizing force is withdrawn, as soft iron; -- called also <altname>residual magnetism<altname>.<cd></cs>

<h1>Remanet</h1>
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<hw>Rem"a*net</hw> <tt>(-n?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., it remains.]</ety> <fld>(Legal Practice)</fld> <def>A case for trial which can not be tried during the term; a postponed case.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Re-mark</h1>
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<hw>Re-mark"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?rk")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>mark</ets>.]</ety> <def>To mark again, or a second time; to mark anew.</def>

<h1>Remark</h1>
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<hw>Re*mark"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?rk")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Remarked</er> <tt>(-m?rkt")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Remarking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>remarquer</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>marquer</ets> to mark, <ets>marque</ets> a mark, of German origin, akin to E. <ets>mark</ets>. See <er>Mark</er>, <tt>v.</tt>& <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To mark in a notable manner; to distinquish clearly; to make noticeable or conspicuous; to piont out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Thou art a man <b>remarked</b> to taste a mischief.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His manacles <b>remark</b> him; there he sits.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take notice of, or to observe, mentally; <as>as, to <ex>remark</ex> the manner of a speaker</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To express in words or writing, as observed or noticed; to state; to say; -- often with a substantive clause; <as>as, he <ex>remarked</ex> that it was time to go</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To observe; notice; heed; regard; note; say.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Remark</er>, <er>Observe</er>, <er>Notice</er>. To <i>observe</i> is to keep or hold a thing distinctly before the mind. To <i>remark</i> is simply to mark or take note of whatever may come up. To <i>notice</i> implies still less continuity of attention. When we turn from these mental states to the <i>expression</i> of them in language, we find the same distinction.  An <i>observation</i> is properly the result of somewhat prolonged thought; a <i>remark</i> is usually suggested by some passing occurence; a <i>notice</i> is in most cases something cursory and short. This distinction is not always maintained as to <i>remark</i> and <i>observe</i>, which are often used interchangeably. "<i>Observing</i> men may form many judgments by the rules of similitude and proportion." <i>I. Watts</i>. "He can not distinguish difficult and noble speculations from trifling and vulgar <i>remarks</i>." <i>Collier</i>. "The thing to be regarded, in taking <i>notice</i> of a child's miscarriage, is what root it springs from." <i>Locke</i>.</usage>

<h1>Remark</h1>
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<hw>Re*mark"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?rk")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make a remark or remarks; to comment.</def>

<h1>Remark</h1>
<Xpage=1215>

<hw>Re*mark"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>remarque</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of remarking or attentively noticing; notice or observation.</def>

<blockquote>The cause, though worth the search, may yet elude
Conjecture and <b>remark</b>, however shrewd.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The expression, in speech or writing, of something remarked or noticed; the mention of that which is worthy of attention or notice; hence, also, a casual observation, comment, or statement; <as>as, a pertinent <ex>remark</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Observation; note; comment; annotation.</syn>

<h1>Remarkable</h1>
<Xpage=1215>

<hw>Re*mark"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>remarquable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Worthy of being remarked or noticed; noticeable; conspicuous; hence, uncommon; extraordinary.</def>

<blockquote>'T is <b>remarkable</b>, that they
Talk most who have the least to say.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is nothing left <b>remarlable</b>
Beneath the visiting moon.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Observable; noticeable; extraordinary; unusual; rare; strange; wonderful; notable; eminent.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*mark"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Re*mark"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Remarker</h1>
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<hw>Re*mark"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who remarks.</def>

<h1>Remarriage</h1>
<Xpage=1215>

<hw>Re*mar"riage</hw> <tt>(r?-m?r"r?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second or repeated marriage.</def>

<h1>Remarry</h1>
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<hw>Re*mar"ry</hw> <tt>(r?-m?r"rr?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To marry again.</def>

<h1>Remast</h1>
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<hw>Re*mast"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?st")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To furnish with a new mast or set of masts.</def>

<h1>Remasticate</h1>
<Xpage=1215>

<hw>Re*mas"ti*cate</hw> <tt>(r?-m?s"t?-k?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To chew or masticate again; to chew over and over, as the cud.</def>

<h1>Remastication</h1>
<Xpage=1215>

<hw>Re*mas`ti*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(-k?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of masticating or chewing again or repeatedly.</def>

<h1>Remberge</h1>
<Xpage=1215>

<hw>Rem"berge</hw> <tt>(r?m"b?rj)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ramberge</er>.</def>

<h1>Remblai</h1>
<Xpage=1215>

<hw>Rem`blai"</hw> <tt>(r?n`bl?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. remblayer to fill up an excavation, to embank.]</ety> <fld>(Fort. & Engin.)</fld> <def>Earth or materials made into a bank after having been excavated.</def>

<h1>Remble</h1>
<Xpage=1215>

<hw>Rem"ble</hw> <tt>(r<?/m"b'l)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>embler</ets> to steal, fr. L. <ets>involare</ets> to fly into or at, to carry off.]</ety> <def>To remove</def>. <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark>

<i>Grose. Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Reme</h1>
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<hw>Reme</hw> <tt>(r<?/m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Realm</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer</i>.

<h1>Remean</h1>
<Xpage=1215>

<hw>Re*mean"</hw> <tt>(r<?/-m<?/n")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give meaning to; to explain the meaning of; to interpret</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif</i>.

<h1>Remeant</h1>
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<hw>Re"me*ant</hw> <tt>(r<?/"m<?/*<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>remeans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>remeare</ets> to go or come back.]</ety> <def>Coming back; returning</def>. <mark>[R.]</mark> "Like the <i>remeant</i> sun."

<i>C. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Remeasure</h1>
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<hw>Re*meas"ure</hw> <tt>(r?-m?zh"?r; 135)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To measure again; to retrace.</def>

<blockquote>They followed him . . .
The way they came, their steps <b>remeasured</b> right.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Remede</h1>
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<hw>Re*mede"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?d")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Remedy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Remediable</h1>
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<hw>Re*me"di*a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?-m?"d?-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>remediabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rem\'82diable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being remedied or cured.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*me"di*a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -<wf>Re*me"di*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Remedial</h1>
<Xpage=1215>

<hw>Re*me"di*al</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>remedialis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affording a remedy; intended for a remedy, or for the removal or abatement of an evil; <as>as, <ex>remedial</ex> treatment</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Statutes are declaratory or <b>remedial</b>.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is an evil not compensated by any beneficial result; it is not <b>remedial</b>, not conservative.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Remedially</h1>
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<hw>Re*me"di*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a remedial manner.</def>

<h1>Remediate</h1>
<Xpage=1215>

<hw>Re*me"di*ate</hw> <tt>(-?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Remedial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Remediless</h1>
<Xpage=1215>

<hw>Re*med"i*less</hw> <tt>(r?-m?d"?-l?s &or; r?m"?-d?-l?s; 277)</tt> <tt>a.</tt>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not admitting of a remedy; incapable of being restored or corrected; incurable; irreparable; <as>as, a <ex>remediless</ex> mistake or loss</as>.</def> "Chains <i>remedilesse</i>."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Hopeless are all my evils, all <b>remediless</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not answering as a remedy; ineffectual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Forced to forego the attempt <b>remediless</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Incurable; cureless; irremediable; irrecoverable; irretrievable; irreparable; desperate.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*med"i*less</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Udall.</i> -- <wf>Re*med"i*less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*med"i*less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Remedy</h1>
<Xpage=1215>

<hw>Rem"e*dy</hw> <tt>(r?m"?-d?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Remedies</plw> <tt>(-d<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>remedium</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>mederi</ets> to heal, to cure: cf. F. <ets>rem\'8ade</ets> remedy, <ets>rem\'82dier</ets> to remedy. See <er>Medical</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which relieves or cures a disease; any medicine or application which puts an end to disease and restores health; -- with <i>for</i>; <as>as, a <ex>remedy</ex> for the gout</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which corrects or counteracts an evil of any kind; a corrective; a counteractive; reparation; cure; -- followed by <i>for</i> or <i>against</i>, formerly by <i>to</i>.</def>

<blockquote>What may else be <b>remedy</b> or cure
To evils which our own misdeeds have wrought,
He will instruct us.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The legal means to recover a right, or to obtain redress for a wrong.</def>

<cs><col>Civil remedy</col>. <cd>See under <er>Civil</er>.</cd> -- <col>Remedy of the mint</col> <fld>(Coinage)</fld>, <cd>a small allowed deviation from the legal standard of weight and fineness; -- called also <altname>tolerance</altname>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Cure; restorative; counteraction; reparation; redress; relief; aid; help; assistance.</syn>

<h1>Remedy</h1>
<Xpage=1215>

<hw>Rem"e*dy</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Remedied</er> <tt>(-d?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Remedying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>remediare</ets>, <ets>remediari</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rem<?/dier</ets>. See <er>Remedy</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To apply a remedy to; to relieve; to cure; to heal; to repair; to redress; to correct; to counteract.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>remedy</b> this gear ere long.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Remelt</h1>
<Xpage=1215>

<hw>Re*melt"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?lt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To melt again.</def>

<h1>Remember</h1>
<Xpage=1215>

<hw>Re*mem"ber</hw> <tt>(r?-m?m"b?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Remembered</er> <tt>(-b?rd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Remembering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>remebrer</ets>, L. <ets>rememorari</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>memorare</ets> to bring to remembrance, from <ets>memor</ets> mindful. See <er>Memory</er>, and cf. <er>Rememorate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To have ( a notion or idea) come into the mind again, as previously perceived, known, or felt; to have a renewed apprehension of; to bring to mind again; to think of again; to recollect; <as>as, I <ex>remember</ex> the fact; he <ex>remembers</ex> the events of his childhood; I cannot <ex>remember</ex> dates.</as></def>

<blockquote>We are said to <b>remember</b> anithing, when the idea of it arise<?/ in the mind with the consciousness that we have had this idea before.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be capable of recalling when required; to keep in mind; to be continually aware or thoughtful of; to preserve fresh in the memory; to attend to; to think of with gratitude, affection, respect, or any other emotion.</def>

<blockquote><b>Remember</b> the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.
<i>Ex. xx. 8.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That they may have their wages duly paid 'em,
And something over to <b>remember</b> me by.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Remember</b> what I warn thee; shun to taste.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1216">
Page 1216<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To put in mind; to remind; -- also used reflexively and impersonally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Remembering</i> them the trith of what they themselves known."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>My friends <b>remembered</b> me of home.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Remember</b> you of passed heaviness.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And well thou wost [knowest] if it <b>remember</b> thee.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To mention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "As in many cases hereafter to be <i>remembered</i>."

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To recall to the mind of another, as in the friendly messages, <i>remember</i> me to him, he wishes to be <i>remembered</i> to you, etc.</def>

<h1>Remember</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mem"ber</hw> <tt>(r?-m?m"b?r)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To execise or have the power of memory; <as>as, some <ex>remember</ex> better than others</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Rememberable</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mem"ber*a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable or worthy of being remembered.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*mem"ber*a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>
<-- = memorable -->

<blockquote>The whole vale of Keswick is so <b>rememberable</b>.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rememberer</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mem"ber*er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who remembers.</def>

<h1>Remembrance</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mem"brance</hw> <tt>(-br<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>remembrance</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of remembering; a holding in mind, or bringing to mind; recollection.</def>

<blockquote>Lest fierce <b>remembrance</b> wake my sudden rage.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lest the <b>remembrance</b> of his grief should fail.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being remembered, or held in mind; memory; recollection.</def>

<blockquote>This, ever grateful, in <b>remembrance</b> bear.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Something remembered; a person or thing kept in memory.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which serves to keep in or bring to mind; a memorial; a token; a memento; a souvenir; a memorandum or note of something to be remembered.</def>

<blockquote>And on his breast a bloody cross he bore,
The dear <b>remembrance</b> of his dying Lord.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Keep this <b>remembrance</b> for thy Julia's sake.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Something to be remembered; counsel; admoni<?/<?/on; instruction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Power of remembering; reach of personal knowledge; period over which one's memory extends.</def>

<blockquote>Thee I have heard relating what was done
Ere my <b>remembrance</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Recollection; reminiscence. See <er>Memory</er>.</syn>

<h1>Remembrancer</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mem"bran*cer</hw> <tt>(-br<it>a</it>n-s?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, serves to bring to, or keep in, mind; a memento; a memorial; a reminder.</def>

<blockquote>Premature consiolation is but the <b>remembrancer</b> of sorrow.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ye that are the lord's <b>remembrancers</b>.
<i>Isa. lxii. 6. (Rev. Ver. ).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A term applied in England to several officers, having various functions, their duty originally being to bring certain matters to the attention of the proper persons at the proper time.</def> "The <i>remembrancer</i> of the lord treasurer in the exchequer."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Rememorate</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mem"o*rate</hw> <tt>(-?-r?t)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rememoratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>rememorari</ets>. See <er>Remember</er>.]</ety> <def>To recall something by means of memory; to remember.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bryskett.</i>

<h1>Rememoratuin</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mem`o*ra"tuin</hw> <tt>(-r?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rem<?/moration</ets>, or L. <ets>rememoratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A recalling by the faculty of memory; remembrance.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Rememorative</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mem"o*ra*tive</hw> <tt>(r?-mEm"?-r?-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending or serving to remind.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Remenant</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Rem"e*nant</hw> <tt>(r?m"?-n<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A remnant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rem,ercie, Remercy</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw><hw>Re*m</hw>,<hw>er"cie</hw>, <hw>Re*mer"cy</hw><hw> <tt>(r?-mER"s?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>remercier</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + OF. <ets>mercier</ets> to thank, from OF. & F. <ets>merci</ets>. See <er>Mercy</er>.]</ety> <def>To thank.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>She him <b>remercied</b> as the patron of her life.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Remerge</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*merge"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?rj")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To merge again.</def> "<i>Remerging</i> in the general Soul."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Remeve r-mEv, Remewe</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw><hw>Re*meve"</hw> <tt>(r?-mEv")</tt>, <hw>Re*mewe"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?")</tt><hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To remove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Remiform</h1>
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<hw>Rem"i*form</hw> <tt>(r?m"?*f?rm)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>remus</ets> oar + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped like an oar.</def>

<h1>Remiges</h1>
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<hw>Rem"i*ges</hw> <tt>(r?m"?*j?z)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt>; <sing>sing. <singw>Remex</singw>. (r<?/"m<?/ks)</sing>. <ety>[L. <ets>remex</ets>, <ets>-igis</ets>, an oarsman.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The quill feathers of the wings of a bird.</def>

<h1>Remigrate</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Rem"i*grate</hw> <tt>(r?m"?-gr?t &or; r?-m?"gr?t; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>remigrare</ets>. See <er>Re</er>-, and <er>Migrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To migrate again; to go back; to return.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Remigration</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Rem`i*gra"tion</hw> <tt>(r?m`?-gr?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Migration back to the place from which one came.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Remind</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mind"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?nd")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To put (one) in mind of something; to bring to the remembrance of; to bring to the notice or consideration of (a person).</def>

<blockquote>When age itself, which will not be defied, shall begin to arrest, seize, and <b>remind</b> us of our mortality.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reminder</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mind"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, reminds; that which serves to awaken remembrance.</def>

<h1>Remindful</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re**mind"ful</hw> <tt>(f?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending or adapted to remind; careful to remind.</def>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Reminiscence</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Rem`i*nis"cence</hw> <tt>(r?m`?-n?s"s<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82miniscence</ets>, L. <ets>reminiscentia</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or power of recalling past experience; the state of being reminiscent; remembrance; memory.</def>

<blockquote>The other part of memory, called <b>reminiscence</b>, which is the retrieving of a thing at present forgot, or but confusedly remembered.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I forgive your want of <b>reminiscence</b>, since it is long since I saw you.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is remembered, or recalled to mind; a statement or narration of remembered experience; a recollection; <as>as, pleasing or painful <ex>reminiscences</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Remembrance; recollection. See <er>Memory</er>.</syn>

<h1>Reminiscency</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Rem`i*nis"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(-s<it>e</it>n-s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reminiscence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reminiscent</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Rem`i*nis"cent</hw> <tt>(-s<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reminiscens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>reminisci</ets> to recall to mind, to recollect; pref.<ets>re-</ets> re + a word akin to <ets>mens</ets> mind, <ets>memini</ets> I remember. See <er>Mind</er>.]</ety> <def>Recalling to mind, or capable of recalling to mind; having remembrance; reminding one of something.</def>

<blockquote>Some other of existence of which we have been previously conscious, and are now <b>reminiscent</b>.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reminiscent</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Rem`i*nis"cent</hw> <tt>(r?m`?-n?s"s<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is addicted to indulging, narrating, or recording reminiscences.</def>

<h1>Reminiscential</h1>
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<hw>Rem`i*nis*cen"tial</hw> <tt>(-n?s-s?n"sh<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to reminiscence, or remembrance.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Remiped</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Rem"i*ped</hw> <tt>(r?m"?-p?d)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>remus</ets> oar + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot: cf. F. <ets>r\'82mip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having feet or legs that are used as oars; -- said of certain crustaceans and insects.</def>

<h1>Remiped</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Rem"i*ped</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An animal having limbs like oars, especially one of certain crustaceans.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of a group of aquatic beetles having tarsi adapted for swimming. See <er>Water beetle</er>.</def>

<h1>Remise</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mise"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?z")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Remised</er> <tt>(-m?zd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Remising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>remise</ets> delivery, surrender, fr. <ets>remettre</ets> to put back, deliver, L. <ets>remittere</ets>. See <er>Remit</er>.]</ety> <def>To send, give, or grant back; torelease a claim to; to resign or surrender by deed; to return.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Remise</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mise"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A giving or granting back; surrender; return; release, as of a claim.</def>

<h1>Remiss</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*miss"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?s")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>remissus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>remittere</ets> to send back, relax. See <er>Remit</er>.]</ety> <def>Not energetic or exact in duty or business; not careful or prompt in fulfilling engagements; negligent; careless; tardy; behindhand; lagging; slack; hence, lacking earnestness or activity; languid; slow.</def>

<blockquote>Thou never wast <b>remiss</b>, I bear thee witness.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>These nervous, bold; those languid and <b>remiss</b>.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Its motion becomes more languid and <b>remiss</b>.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Slack; dilatory; slothful; negligent; careless; neglectful; inattentive; heedles; thoughtless.</syn>

<h1>Remiss</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*miss"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of being remiss; inefficiency; failure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Remisses</i> of laws."

<i>Puttenham.</i>

<h1>Remissful</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*miss"ful</hw> <tt>(-f?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclined to remit punishment; lenient; clement.</def>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Remissibility</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mis`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(r?-m?s`s?-b?l"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being remissible.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Remissible</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mis"si*ble</hw> <tt>(r?-m?s"s?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>remissibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82missible</ets>. See <er>Remit</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being remitted or forgiven.</def>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Remission</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mis"sion</hw> <tt>(r?-m?sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82mission</ets>, L. <ets>remissio</ets>. See <er>Remit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of remitting, surrendering, resigning, or giving up.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Discharge from that which is due; relinquishment of a claim, right, or obligation; pardon of transgression; release from forfeiture, penalty, debt, etc.</def>

<blockquote>This is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the <b>remission</b> of sins.
<i>Matt. xxvi. 28.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That ples, therefore, . . .
Will gain thee no <b>remission</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Diminution of intensity; abatement; relaxation.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A temporary and incomplete subsidence of the force or violence of a disease or of pain, as destinguished from <i>intermission</i>, in which the disease completely leaves the patient for a time; abatement.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The act of sending back.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Stackhouse.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Act of sending in payment, as money; remittance.</def>

<h1>Remissive</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mis"sive</hw> <tt>(r?-m?s"s?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>remissivus</ets>. See <er>Remit</er>.]</ety> <def>Remitting; forgiving; abating.</def>

<i>Bp. Hacket.</i>

<h1>Remissly</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*miss"ly</hw> <tt>(r?-m?s"l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a remiss or negligent manner; carelessly.</def>

<h1>Remissness</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*miss"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality or state of being remiss.</def>

<h1>Remissory</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mis"so*ry</hw> <tt>(r?-m?s"s?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving or tending to remit, or to secure remission; remissive.</def> "A sacrifice expiatory or <i>remissory</i>."

<i>Latimer.</i>

<h1>Remit</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mit"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Remitted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Remitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>remittere</ets>, <ets>remissum</ets>, to send back, to slacken, relax; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +  <ets>mittere</ets> to send. See <er>Mission</er>, and cf. <er>Remise</er>, <er>Remiss</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To send back; to give up; to surrender; to resign.</def>

<blockquote>In the case the law <b>remits</b> him to his ancient and more certain right.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In grevious and inhuman crimes, offenders should be <b>remitted</b> to their prince.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The prisoner was <b>remitted</b> to the guard.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To restore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The archbishop was . . . <b>remitted</b> to his liberty.
<i>Hayward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To transmit or send, esp. to a distance, as money in payment of a demand, account, draft, etc.; <as>as, he <ex>remitted</ex> the amount by mail</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To send off or away; hence: <sd>(a)</sd> To refer or direct (one) for information, guidance, help, etc. "<i>Remitting</i> them . . . to the works of Galen." <i>Sir T. Elyot</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> To submit, refer, or leave (something) for judgment or decision.</def> "Whether the counsel be good I<i>remit</i> it to the wise readers."

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To relax in intensity; to make less violent; to abate.</def>

<blockquote>So willingly doth God <b>remit</b> his ire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To forgive; to pardon; to remove.</def>

<blockquote>Whose soever sins ye <b>remit</b>, they are <b>remitted</b> unto them.
<i>John xx. 23.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To refrain from exacting or enforcing; <as>as, to <ex>remit</ex> the performance of an obligation</as>.</def> "The sovereign was undoubtedly competent to <i>remit</i> penalties."

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To relax; release; abate; relinguish; forgive; pardon; absolve.</syn>

<h1>Remit</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mit"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To abate in force or in violence; to grow less intense; to become moderated; to abate; to relax; <as>as, a fever <ex>remits</ex>; the severity of the weather <ex>remits</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To send money, as in payment.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Remitment</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mit"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of remitting, or the state of being remitted; remission.</def>

<blockquote>Disavowing the <b>remitment</b> of Claudius.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Remittal</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mit"tal</hw> <tt>(-t<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A remitting; a giving up; surrender; <as>as, the <ex>remittal</ex> of the first fruits</as>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Remittance</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mit"tance</hw> <tt>(r?-m?t"t<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of transmitting money, bills, or the like, esp. to a distant place, as in satisfaction of a demand, or in discharge of an obligation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The sum or thing remitted.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<h1>Remittee</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mit`tee"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?t`t?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>One to whom a remittance is sent.</def>

<h1>Remittent</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mit"tent</hw> <tt>(r?-m?t"t<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>remittens</ets>, p. pr. : cf. F. <ets>r\'82mittent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Remitting; characterized by remission; having remissions.</def>

<cs><col>Remittent fever</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a fever in which the symptoms temporarily abate at regular intervals, but do not wholly cease. See <altname>Malarial fever</altname>, under <er>Malarial</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Remitter</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mit"ter</hw> <tt>(-t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who remits.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who pardons</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who makes remittance.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The sending or placing back of a person to a title or right he had before; the restitution of one who obtains possession of property under a defective title, to his rights under some valid title by virtue of which he might legally have entered into possession only by suit.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Remittitur</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mit"ti*tur</hw> <tt>(-t?-t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., (it) is remitted.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A remission or surrender, -- <i>remittitur damnut</i> being a remission of excess of damages.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A sending back, as when a record is remitted by a superior to an inferior court.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Remittor</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mit"tor</hw> <tt>(-t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who makes a remittance; a remitter.</def>

<h1>Remix</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mix"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?ks")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mix again or repeatedly.</def>

<h1>Remnant</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Rem"nant</hw> <tt>(r?m"n<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>remanant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>remanoir</ets>, <ets>remaindre</ets>. See <er>Remanent</er>, <er>Remain</er>.]</ety> <def>Remaining; yet left.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Because of the <i>remnant</i> dregs of his disease."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<blockquote>And quiet dedicate her <b>remnant</b> life
To the just duties of an humble wife.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Remnant</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Rem"nant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.<ets>remanant</ets>. See <er>Remnant</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>That which remains after a part is removed, destroyed, used up, performed, etc.; residue.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>remnant</b> that are left of the captivity.
<i>Neh. i. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>remnant</b> of my tale is of a length
To tire your patience.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A small portion; a slight trace; a fragment; a little bit; a scrap.</def>

<blockquote>Some odd quirks and <b>remnants</b> of wit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>An unsold end of piece goods, as cloth, ribbons, carpets, etc.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Residue; rest; remains; remainder.</syn>

<h1>Remodel</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mod"el</hw> <tt>(r?-m?d"?l)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To model or fashion anew; to change the form of.</def>

<blockquote>The corporation had been <b>remodeled</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Remodification</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mod`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(-?-f?-k?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of remodifying; the state of being remodified.</def>

<h1>Remodify</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mod"i*fy</hw> <tt>(r?-m?d"?-f?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To modify again or anew; to reshape.</def>

<h1>R\'82molade rmld, R\'82moulad</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw><hw>R\'82`mo`lade"</hw> <tt>(r?`m?`l?d")</tt>, <hw>R\'82`mou`lad"</hw> <tt>(r?`m??`l?d")</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A kind of piquant sauce or salad dressing resembling mayonnaise.</def>

<h1>Remold, Remould</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw><hw>Re*mold"</hw>, <hw>Re*mould"</hw><hw> <tt>(r?-m?ld")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mold or shape anew or again; to reshape.</def>

<h1>Remollient</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mol"lient</hw> <tt>(r?-m?l"y<it>e</it>nt &or;  -l?-<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>remolliens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>remollire</ets> to mollify: cf. F. <ets>r\'82mollient</ets>. See <er>Mollient</er>.]</ety> <def>Mollifying; softening.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Remonetization</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mon`e*ti*za"tion</hw> <tt>(r?-m?n`?-t?-z?"sh?n &or; -m?n`-)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of remonetizing.</def>

<h1>Remonetize</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mon"e*tize</hw> <tt>(-t?z)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To restore to use as money; <as>as, to <ex>remonetize</ex> silver</as>.</def>

<h1>Remonstrance</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mon"strance</hw> <tt>(-m?n"str<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>remonstrance</ets>, F. <ets>remonstrance</ets>. See <er>Remonstrate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of remonstrating</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A pointing out; manifestation; proof; demonstration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>You may marvel why I . . . would not rather
Make rash <b>remonstrance</b> of my hidden power
Than let him be so lost.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Earnest presentation of reason in opposition to something; protest; expostulation</def>.

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Monstrance</er>.</def>

<h1>Remonstrant</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mon"strant</hw> <tt>(-str<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>remonstranc</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>remonstrare</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>remonstrant</ets>, F.<ets>remontrant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Inclined or tending to remonstrate; expostulatory; urging reasons in opposition to something.</def>

<h1>Remonstrant</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mon"strant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who remonstrates</def>; specifically <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>, <def>one of the Arminians who remonstrated against the attacks of the Calvinists in 1610, but were subsequently condemned by the decisions of the Synod of Dort in 1618</def>. See <er>Arminian</er>.</def>

<h1>Remonstrantly</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mon"strant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a remonstrant manner.</def>

<h1>Remonstrate</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mon"strate</hw> <tt>(-str?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Remonstrated</er> <tt>(-str<?/*t<?/d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Remonstrating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>remonstratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>remonstrare</ets> to remonstrate; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> +  <ets>monstrare</ets> to show. See <er>Monster</er>.]</ety> <def>To point out; to show clearly; to make plain or manifest; hence, to prove; to demonstrate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<blockquote>I will <b>remonstrate</b> to you the third door.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Remonstrate</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mon"strate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To present and urge reasons in opposition to an act, measure, or any course of proceedings; to expostulate; <as>as, to <ex>remonstrate</ex> with a person regarding his habits; to <ex>remonstrate</ex> against proposed taxation</as>.</def>

<blockquote>It is proper business of a divine to state cases of conscience, and to <b>remonstrate</b> against any growing corruptions in practice, and especially in principles.
<i>Waterland.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- <er>Expostulate</er>, <er>Remonstrate</er>.</syn> <usage> These words are commonly interchangeable, the principal difference being that <i>expostulate</i> is now used especially to signify remonstrance by a superior or by one in authority. A son <i>remonstrates</i> against the harshness of a father; a father <i>expostulates</i> with his son on his waywardness. Subjects <i>remonstrate</i> with their rulers; sovereigns <i>expostulate</i> with the parliament or the people.</usage>

<h1>Remonstration</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re`mon*stra"tion</hw> <tt>(r?`m?n*str?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>remonstration</ets>, LL. <ets>remonstratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of remonstrating; remonstrance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Todd.</i>

<h1>Remonstrative</h1>
<Xpage=1216>

<hw>Re*mon"stra*tive</hw> <tt>(r?*m?n"str?*t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the character of a remonstrance; expressing remonstrance.</def>

<hr>
<page="1217">
Page 1217<p>

<h1>Remonstrator</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mon"stra*tor</hw> <tt>(r?*m?n"str?*t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who remonstrates; a remonsrant.</def>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Remontant</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mon"tant</hw> <tt>(-t<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>Rising again; -- applied to a class of roses which bloom more than once in a season; the hybrid perpetual roses, of which the Jacqueminot is a well-known example.</def>

<h1>Remontoir</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mon`toir"</hw> <tt>(r<it>e</it>-m<er>?n</er>"tw?r"; E. r?-m?n"tw?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Horology)</fld> <def>See under <er>Escapement</er>.</def>

<h1>Remora</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Rem"o*ra</hw> <tt>(r?m"?*r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>r\'82mora</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Delay; obstacle; hindrance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of fishes belonging to <spn>Echeneis</spn>, <spn>Remora</spn>, and allied genera.  Called also <cref>sucking fish</cref>.</def>

<note>&hand; The anterior dorsal fin is converted into a large sucking disk, having two transverse rows of lamell\'91, situated on the top of the head. They adhere firmly to sharks and other large fishes and to vessels by this curious sucker, letting go at will. The pegador, or remora of sharks (<spn>Echeneis naucrates</spn>), and the swordfish remora (<spn>Remora brachyptera</spn>), are common American species.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument formerly in use, intended to retain parts in their places.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<h1>Remorate</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Rem"o*rate</hw> <tt>(-r?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>remoratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>remorari</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>morari</ets> to delay.]</ety> <def>To hinder; to delay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Remord</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mord"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?rd")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>remordere</ets> to bite again, to torment: cf. F. <ets>remordre</ets>. See <er>Remorse</er>.]</ety> <def>To excite to remorse; to rebuke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Skelton.</i>

<h1>Remord</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mord"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To feel remorse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

<h1>Remordency</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mord"en*cy</hw> <tt>(-<it>e</it>n*s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Remorse; compunction; compassion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Killingbeck.</i>

<h1>Remorse</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*morse"</hw> <tt>(r?*m?rs")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>remors</ets>, OF. <ets>remors</ets>,F. <ets>remords</ets>, LL. <ets>remorsus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>remordere</ets>, <ets>remorsum</ets>, to bite again or back, to torment; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>mordere</ets> to bite. See <er>Morsel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The anguish, like gnawing pain, excited by a sense of guilt; compunction of conscience for a crime committed, or for the sins of one's past life.</def> "Nero will be tainted with <i>remorse</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sympathetic sorrow; pity; compassion.</def>

<blockquote>Curse on the unpardoning prince, whom tears can draw
To no <b>remorse</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>But evermore it seem'd an easier thing
At once without <b>remorse</b> to strike her dead.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Compunction; regret; anguish; grief; compassion. See <er>Compunction</er>.</syn>

<h1>Remorsed</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*morsed"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?rst")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Feeling remorse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Remorseful</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*morse"ful</hw> <tt>(-m?rs"f?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of remorse.</def>

<blockquote>The full tide of <b>remorseful</b> passion had abated.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Compassionate; feeling tenderly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Exciting pity; pitiable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*morse"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*morse"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Remorseless</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*morse"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being without remorse; having no pity; hence, destitute of sensibility; cruel; insensible to distress; merciless.</def> "<i>Remorseless</i> adversaries." <i>South</i>. "With <i>remorseless</i> cruelty." <i>Milton</i>.

<syn>Syn. -- Unpitying; pitiless; relentless; unrelenting; implacable; merciless; unmerciful; savage; cruel.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*morse"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*morse"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Remote</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mote"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?t")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Remoter</er> <tt>(-?r)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Remotest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>remotus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>removere</ets> to remove. See <er>Remove</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Removed to a distance; not near; far away; distant; -- said in respect to <i>time</i> or to <i>place</i>; <as>as, <ex>remote</ex> ages; <ex>remote</ex> lands.</as></def>

<blockquote>Places <b>remote</b> enough are in Bohemia.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Remote</b> from men, with God he passed his days.
<i>Parnell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, removed; not agreeing, according, or being related; -- in various figurative uses.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Not agreeing; alien; foreign</def>. "All these propositions, how <i>remote</i> soever from reason." <i>Locke</i>.  <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not nearly related; not close; <as>as, a <ex>remote</ex> connection or consanguinity</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Separate; abstracted</def>. "Wherever the mind places itself by any thought, either amongst, or <i>remote</i> from, all bodies." <i>Locke</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Not proximate or acting directly; primary; distant</def>. "From the effect to the <i>remotest</i> cause." <i>Granville</i>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Not obvious or sriking; <as>as, a <ex>remote</ex> resemblance</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Separated by intervals greater than usual.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*mote"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*mote"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Remotion</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mo"tion</hw> <tt>(r?-m?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>remotio</ets>. See <er>Remove</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of removing; removal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This <b>remotion</b> of the duke and her
Is practice only.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being remote; remoteness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The whitish gleam [of the stars] was the mask conferred by the enormity of their <b>remotion</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Remould</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mould"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?ld")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Remold</er>.</def>

<h1>Remount</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mount"</hw> <tt>(r?-mount")</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To mount again.</def>

<h1>Remount</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mount"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The opportunity of, or things necessary for, remounting; specifically, a fresh horse, with his equipments; <as>as, to give one a <ex>remount</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Removable</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mov"a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?-m??v"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admitting of being removed.</def> <i>Ayliffe</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Re*mov`a*bil"i*ty</wf> <tt>(-<?/-b<?/l"<?/-t<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Removal</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mov"al</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of removing, or the state of being removed.</def>

<h1>Remove</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*move"</hw> <tt>(r?-m??v")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Removed</er> <tt>(-m??vd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Removing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>removoir</ets>, <ets>remouvoir</ets>, L. <ets>removere</ets>, <ets>remotum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +  <ets>movere</ets> to move. See <er>Move</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To move away from the position occupied; to cause to change place; to displace; <as>as, to <ex>remove</ex> a building</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt not <b>remove</b> thy neighbor's landmark.
<i>Deut. xix. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When we had dined, to prevent the ladies' leaving us, I generally ordered the table to be <b>removed</b>.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to leave a person or thing; to cause to cease to be; to take away; hence, to banish; to destroy; to put an end to; to kill; <as>as, to <ex>remove</ex> a disease</as>.</def> "King Richard thus <i>removed</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To dismiss or discharge from office; <as>as, the President <ex>removed</ex> many postmasters</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; See the Note under <er>Remove</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></note>

<h1>Remove</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*move"</hw> <tt>(r?-m??v")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To change place in any manner, or to make a change in place; to move or go from one residence, position, or place to another.</def>

<blockquote>Till Birnam wood <b>remove</b> to Dunsinane,
I can not taint with fear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The verb <i>remove</i>, in some of its application, is synonymous with <i>move</i>, but not in all. Thus we do not apply <i>remove</i> to a mere change of posture, without a change of place or the seat of a thing. A man <i>moves</i> his head when he turns it, or his finger when he bends it, but he does not <i>remove</i> it. <i>Remove</i> usually or always denotes a change of place in a body, but we never apply it to a regular, continued course or motion. We never say the wind or water, or a ship, <i>removes</i> at a certain rate by the hour; but we say a ship was <i>removed</i> from one place in a harbor to another. <i>Move</i> is a generic term, including the sense of <i>remove</i>, which is more generally applied to a change from one station or permanent position, stand, or seat, to another station.</note>

<h1>Remove</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*move"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of removing; a removal.</def>

<blockquote>This place should be at once both school and university, not needing a <b>remove</b> to any other house of scholarship.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And drags at each <b>remove</b> a lengthening chain.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The transfer of one's business, or of one's domestic belongings, from one location or dwelling house to another; -- in the United States usually called a <i>move</i>.</def>

<blockquote>It is an English proverb that three <b>removes</b> are as bad as a fire.
<i>J. H. Newman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of being removed.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is removed, as a dish removed from table to make room for something else.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The distance or space through which anything is removed; interval; distance; stage; hence, a step or degree in any scale of gradation; specifically, a division in an English public school; <as>as, the boy went up two <ex>removes</ex> last year</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A freeholder is but one <b>remove</b> from a legislator.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>The act of resetting a horse's shoe.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Removed</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*moved"</hw> <tt>(r?-m??vd")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Changed in place.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dismissed from office.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Distant in location; remote.</def> "Something finer than you could purchase in so <i>removed</i> a dwelling."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Distant by degrees in relationship; <as>as, a cousin once <ex>removed</ex></as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*mov"ed*ness</wf> <tt>(r<?/-m<?/<?/v"<?/d-n<?/s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Remover</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mov"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who removes; <as>as, a <ex>remover</ex> of landmarks</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Remuable</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mu"a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?-m?"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>That may be removed; removable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Remue</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mue"</hw> <tt>(r?-m?")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>remuer</ets>. See <er>Mew</er> to molt.]</ety> <def>To remove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Remugient</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mu"gi*ent</hw> <tt>(r?-m?"j?-<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>remugiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>remugire</ets>. See <er>Mugient</er>.]</ety> <def>Rebellowing.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Remunerable</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re**mu"ner*a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?-m?"n?r-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Remunerate</er>.]</ety> <def>Admitting, or worthy, of remuneration.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*mu`ner*a*bil"i*ty</wf> <tt>(r<?/-m<?/"n<?/r-<?/-b<?/l"i-t<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Remunerate</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mu"ner*ate</hw> <tt>(-?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Remunerated</er> <tt>(-?"t?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Remunerating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>remuneratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>remunerare</ets>, <ets>remunerari</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>munerare</ets>, <ets>munerari</ets>, to give, present, from <ets>munus</ets>, <ets>muneris</ets>, a gift, present. Cf. <er>Munificent</er>.]</ety> <def>To pay an equivalent to for any service, loss, expense, or other sacrifice; to recompense; to requite; <as>as, to <ex>remunerate</ex> men for labor</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To reward; recompense; compensate; satisfy; requite; repay; pay; reimburse.</syn>

<h1>Remuneration</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mu`ner*a"tion</hw> <tt>(-?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>remuneratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82mun\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of remunerating.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is given to remunerate; an equivalent given, as for services, loss, or sufferings.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Reward; recompense; compensation; pay; payment; repayment; satisfaction; requital.</syn>

<h1>Remunerative</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mu"ner*a*tive</hw> <tt>(r?-m?"n?r-?-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>r\'82mun<?/ratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affording remuneration; <as>as, a <ex>remunerative</ex> payment for services; a <ex>remunerative</ex> business</as>.</def> -<wordforms><wf>Re*mu"ner*a*tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*mu"ner*a*tive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Remuneratory</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*mu"ner*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(-t?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82mun<?/ratoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Remunerative.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Remurmur</h1>
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<hw>Re*mur"mur</hw> <tt>(r?-m?r"m?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + murmur</ets>: cf. F. <ets>remurmurare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To murmur again; to utter back, or reply, in murmurs.</def>

<blockquote>The trembling trees, in every plain and wood,
Her fate <b>remurmur</b> to the silver flood.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ren</h1>
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<hw>Ren</hw> <tt>(r?n)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>See <er>Renne</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ren</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Ren</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A run.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Renable</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Ren"a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?n"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>resnable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Reasonable; also, loquacious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Most <i>renable</i> of tongue." <i>Piers Plowman</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Ren"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Renaissance</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*nais`sance"</hw> <tt>(F. r<it>e</it>-n?`s?<er>n</er>s"; E. r?-n?s"s<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>rena&icir;tre</ets> to be born again. Cf. <er>Renascence</er>.]</ety> <def>A new birth, or revival.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The transitional movement in Europe, marked by the revival of classical learning and art in Italy in the 15th century, and the similar revival following in other countries</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The style of art which prevailed at this epoch.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>Renaissance</b> was rather the last stage of the Middle Ages, emerging from ecclesiastical and feudal despotism, developing what was original in medi\'91val ideas by the light of classic arts and letters.
<i>J. A. Symonds (Encyc. Brit. ).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Renaissant</h1>
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<hw>Re*nais"sant</hw> <tt>(r?-n?s"s<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the Renaissance.</def>

<h1>Renal</h1>
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<hw>Re"nal</hw> <tt>(r?"n<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>renalis</ets>, fr. <ets>renes</ets> the kidneys or reins: cf. F. <ets>r\'82nal</ets>. See <er>Reins</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the kidneys; in the region of the kidneys.</def>

<cs><col>Renal calculus</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a concretion formed in the excretory passages of the kidney.</cd><-- = kidney stone? --> -- <mcol><col>Renal capsules</col> &or; <col>glands</col></mcol>, <cd>the suprarenal capsules. See under <er>Capsule</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Renal casts</col>, <col>Renal colic</col></mcol>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Cast</er>, and <er>Colic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Renal-portal</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re"nal-por`tal</hw> <tt>(r?"n<it>a</it>l-p?r"t<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Both renal and portal. See <er>Portal</er>.</def>

<h1>Rename</h1>
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<hw>Re*name"</hw> <tt>(r?*n?m")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give a new name to.</def>

<h1>Renard</h1>
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<hw>Ren"ard</hw> <tt>(r?n"?rd)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>renard</ets> the fox, the name of the fox in a celebrated epic poem, and of German origin, G. <ets>Reinhard</ets>, OHG. <ets>Reginhard</ets>, properly, strong in counsel; <ets>regin</ets> counsel (akin to Goth. <ets>ragin</ets>) + <ets>hart</ets> hard. See <er>Hard</er>.]</ety> <def>A fox; -- so called in fables or familiar tales, and in poetry.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>reynard</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Renardine</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Ren"ard*ine</hw> <tt>(-?n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Renard, the fox, or the tales in which Renard is mentioned.</def>

<h1>Renascence</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*nas"cence</hw> <tt>(r?-n?s"s<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Renascent</er>, and cf. <er>Renaissance</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being renascent.</def>

<blockquote>Read the Ph<?/nix, and see how the single image of <b>renascence</b> is varied.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Same as <er>Renaissance</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>Renascence</b> . . . which in art, in literature, and in physics, produced such splendid fruits.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Renascency</h1>
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<hw>Re*nas"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(-s<it>e</it>n-s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being renascent.</def>

<h1>Renascent</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*nas"cent</hw> <tt>(-s<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>renascens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>renasci</ets> to be born again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>nasci</ets> to be born. See <er>Nascent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Springing or rising again into being; being born again, or reproduced.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>See <er>Renaissant</er>.</def>

<h1>Renascible</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*nas"ci*ble</hw> <tt>(-s?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>renascibilis</ets>, from L. <ets>renasci</ets> to be born again.]</ety> <def>Capable of being reproduced; ablle to spring again into being.</def>

<h1>Renate</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*nate"</hw> <tt>(r?-n?t")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>renatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>renasci</ets>.]</ety> <def>Born again; regenerate; renewed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau & Fl.</i>

<h1>Renavigate</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*nav"i*gate</hw> <tt>(r?-n?v"?-g?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To navigate again.</def>

<h1>Renay</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Re*nay"</hw> <tt>(r?-n?")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>reneier</ets>, F. <ets>renier</ets>, F. <ets>renier</ets>; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>negare</ets> to deny. See <er>Renegade</er>.]</ety> <def>To deny; to disown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rencontre</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Ren*con"tre</hw> <tt>(r?n-k?n"t?r; F. r?<er>n</er>`<er>k?n</er>"tr')</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Rencounter</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Rencounter</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Ren*coun"ter</hw> <tt>(r?n-koun"t?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rencountered</er> <tt>(-t?rd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb/ n.</tt> <er>Rencountering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>rencontrer</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> + OF. <ets>encontrer</ets> to encounter. See <er>Encounter</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To meet unexpectedly; to encounter.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To attack hand to hand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Rencounter</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Ren*coun"ter</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To meet unexpectedly; to encounter in a hostile manner; to come in collision; to skirmish.</def>

<h1>Rencounter</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Ren*coun"ter</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rencontre</ets>, from <ets>renconter</ets> to meet.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A meeting of two persons or bodies; a collision; especially, a meetingg in opposition or contest; a combat, action, or engagement.</def>

<blockquote>The justling chiefs in rude <b>rencounter</b> join.
<i>Granville.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A causal combat or action; a sudden contest or fight without premeditation, as between individuals or small parties.</def>

<blockquote>The confederates should . . . outnumber the enemy in all <b>rencounters</b> and engagements.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Sun</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Sun</hw><def>. -- Combat; fight; conflict; collision; clash.</def>

<h1>Rend</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Rend</hw> <tt>(r?nd)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rent</er> <tt>(r?nt)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>rendan</ets>, <ets>hrendan</ets>; cf. OFries. <ets>renda</ets>, <ets>randa</ets>, Fries.<ets>renne</ets> to cut, rend, Icel. <ets>hrinda</ets> to push, thrust, AS. <ets>hrindan</ets>; or cf. Icel. <ets>r<?/na</ets> to rob, plunder, Ir. <ets>rannaim</ets> to divide, share, part, W. <ets>rhanu</ets>, Armor. <ets>ranna</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to tear asunder; to split; to burst; <as>as, powder <ex>rends</ex> a rock in blasting; lightning <ex>rends</ex> an oak.</as></def>

<blockquote>The dreadful thunder
Doth <b>rend</b> the region.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by force.</def>

<blockquote>An empire from its old foundations <b>rent</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will surely <b>rend</b> the kingdom from thee.
<i>1 Kings xi. 11.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To rap and rend</col>. <cd>See under <er>Rap</er>, <i>v. t.<i>, to snatch.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To tear; burst; break; rupture; lacerate; fracture; crack; split.</syn>

<h1>Rend</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Rend</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be rent or torn; to become parted; to sepparate; to split.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Render</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Rend"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Rend</er>.]</ety> <def>One who rends.</def>

<h1>Render</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Ren"der</hw> <tt>(r?n"d?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rendered</er> <tt>(-d?rd)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rendering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>rendre</ets>, LL. <ets>rendre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>reddere</ets>; pref. <ets>red-</ets>, <ets>re-</ets>, re- + <ets>dare</ets> to give. See <er>Date</er>time, and cf. <er>Reddition</er>, <er>Rent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To return; to pay back; to restore.</def>

<blockquote>Whose smallest minute lost, no riches <b>render</b> may.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inflict, as a retribution; to requite.</def>

<blockquote>I will <b>render</b> vengeance to mine enemies.
<i>Deut. xxxii. 41.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give up; to yield; to surrender.</def>

<blockquote>I 'll make her <b>render</b> up her page to me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Hence, to furnish; to contribute.</def>

<blockquote>Logic <b>renders</b> its daily service to wisdom and virtue.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To furnish; to state; to deliver; <as>as, to <ex>render</ex> an account; to <ex>render</ex> judgment</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To cause to be, or to become; <as>as, to <ex>render</ex> a person more safe or more unsafe; to <ex>render</ex> a fortress secure.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To translate from one language into another; <as>as, to <ex>render</ex> Latin into English</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To interpret; to set forth, represent, or exhibit; <as>as, an actor <ex>renders</ex> his part poorly; a singer <ex>renders</ex> a passage of music with great effect; a painter <ex>renders</ex> a scene in a felicitous manner</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He did <b>render</b> him the most unnatural
That lived amongst men.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To try out or extract (oil, lard, tallow, etc.) from fatty animal substances; <as>as, to <ex>render</ex> tallow</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To plaster, as a wall of masonry, without the use of lath.</def>

<h1>Render</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Ren"der</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To give an account; to make explanation or confession.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To pass; to run; -- said of the passage of a rope through a block, eyelet, etc.; <as>as, a rope <ex>renders</ex> well, that is, passes freely</as>; also, to yield or give way.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Render</h1>
<Xpage=1217>

<hw>Ren"der</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A surrender.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A return; a payment of rent.</def>

<blockquote>In those early times the king's household was supported by specific <b>renders</b> of corn and other victuals from the tenants of the demains.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An account given; a statement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<hr>
<page="1218">
Page 1218<p>

<h1>Renderable</h1>
<Xpage=1218>

<hw>Ren"der*a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?n"d?r-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being rendered.</def>

<h1>Renderer</h1>
<Xpage=1218>

<hw>Ren"der*er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who renders.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A vessel in which lard or tallow, etc., is rendered.</def>

<h1>Rendering</h1>
<Xpage=1218>

<hw>Ren"der*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of one who renders, or that which is rendered. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> A version; translation; <as>as, the <ex>rendering</ex> of the Hebrew text</as>. <i>Lowth</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> In art, the presentation, expression, or interpretation of an idea, theme, or part. <sd>(c)</sd> The act of laying the first coat of plaster on brickwork or stonework. <sd>(d)</sd> The coat of plaster thus laid on. <i>Gwilt</i>. <sd>(e)</sd> The process of trying out or extracting lard, tallow, etc., from animal fat.</def>

<h1>Rendezvous</h1>
<Xpage=1218>

<hw>Ren"dez*vous</hw> <tt>(r?n"d?*v&oomac; &or; <er>r?n</er>"-; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rendezvouses</plw> <tt>(r<?/n"d<?/-v&oomac;`z<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <note>[Rare in the plural.]</note> <ety>[F. <ets>rendez-vous</ets>, properly, render yourselves, repair to a place. See <er>Render</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place appointed for a meeting, or at which persons customarily meet.</def>

<blockquote>An inn, the free <b>rendezvous</b> of all travelers.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Especially, the appointed place for troops, or for the ships of a fleet, to assemble; also, a place for enlistment.</def>

<blockquote>The king appointed his whole army to be drawn together to a <b>rendezvous</b> at Marlborough.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A meeting by appointment.</def>

<i>Sprat.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Retreat; refuge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Rendezvous</h1>
<Xpage=1218>

<hw>Ren"dez*vous</hw> <tt>(r?n"d?-v&oomac; &or; r?n"-; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. &. p. p.</tt> <er>Rendezvoused</er> <tt>(-v&oomac;d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rendezvousing</er> <tt>(-v&oomac;*?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To assemble or meet at a particular place.</def>

<h1>Rendezvous</h1>
<Xpage=1218>

<hw>Ren"dez*vous</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bring together at a certain place; to cause to be assembled.</def>

<i>Echard.</i>

<h1>Rendible</h1>
<Xpage=1218>

<hw>Rend"i*ble</hw> <tt>(r?nd"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Rend</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being rent or torn.</def>

<h1>Rendible</h1>
<Xpage=1218>

<hw>Ren"di*ble</hw> <tt>(r?n"d?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Render</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable, or admitting, of being rendered.</def>

<h1>Rendition</h1>
<Xpage=1218>

<hw>Ren*di"tion</hw> <tt>(r?n-d?sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>rendere</ets> to render: cf. L. <ets>redditio</ets>. See <er>Render</er>, and cf. <er>Reddition</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of rendering; especially, the act of surrender, as of fugitives from justice, at the claim of a foreign government; also, surrender in war.</def>

<blockquote>The rest of these brave men that suffered in cold blood after articles of <b>rendition</b>.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Translation; rendering; version.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>rendition</b> of the word seems also most naturally to agree with the genuine meaning of some other words in the same verse.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rendrock</h1>
<Xpage=1218>

<hw>Rend"rock`</hw> <tt>(r?nd"r?k`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of dynamite used in blasting.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Renegade</h1>
<Xpage=1218>

<hw>Ren"e*gade</hw> <tt>(r?n"?-g?d)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>renegado</ets>, LL. <ets>renegatus</ets>, fr. <ets>renegare</ets> to deny; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +  <ets>negare</ets> to deny. See <er>Negation</er>, <ets>and cf</ets>. <er>Runagate</er>.]</ety> <def>One faithless to principle or party.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An apostate from Christianity or from any form of religious faith.</def>

<blockquote>James justly regarded these <b>renegades</b> as the most serviceable tools that he could employ.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who deserts from a military or naval post; a deserter</def>. <i>Arbuthnot</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A common vagabond; a worthless or wicked fellow</def>.

<h1>Renegado</h1>
<Xpage=1218>

<hw>Ren`e*ga"do</hw> <tt>(r?n`?-g?"d?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>See <er>Renegade</er>.</def>

<h1>Renegat</h1>
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<hw>Ren"e*gat</hw> <tt>(r?n"?-g?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Runegate</er>.]</ety> <def>A renegade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Renegation</h1>
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<hw>Ren`e*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(r?n`?-ga"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A denial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Absolute <i>renegation</i> of Christ."

<i>Milman.</i>

<h1>Renege</h1>
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<hw>Re*nege"</hw> <tt>(r?-n?j" &or; r?-n?g")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>renegare</ets>. See <er>Renegade</er>.]</ety> <def>To deny; to disown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>All Europe high (all sorts of rights <b>reneged</b>)
Against the trith and thee unholy leagued.
<i>Sylvester.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Renege</h1>
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<hw>Re*nege"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To deny.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>To revoke.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Renerve</h1>
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<hw>Re*nerve"</hw> <tt>(r?-n?rv")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To nerve again; to give new vigor to; to reinvigorate.</def>

<h1>Renew</h1>
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<hw>Re*new"</hw> <tt>(r?-n?")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reneved</er> <tt>(-n?d")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Renewing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + new</ets>. Cf. <er>Renovate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make new again; to restore to freshness, perfection, or vigor; to give new life to; to rejuvenate; to re<?/stablish; to recreate; to rebuild.</def>

<blockquote>In such a night
Medea gathered the enchanted herbs
That did <b>renew</b> old <?/son.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, to substitute for (an old obligation or right) a new one of the same nature; to continue in force; to make again; <as>as, to <ex>renew</ex> a lease, note, or patent</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To begin again; to recommence.</def>

<blockquote>The last great age . . . <b>renews</b> its finished course.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To repeat; to go over again.</def>

<blockquote>The birds-their notes <b>renew</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>To make new spiritually; to regenerate.</def>

<blockquote>Be ye transformed by the <b>renewing</b> of your mind.
<i>Rom. xii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Renew</h1>
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<hw>Re*new"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To become new, or as new; to grow or begin again.</def>

<h1>Renewability</h1>
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<hw>Re*new`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(-?-b?l"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being renewable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Renewable</h1>
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<hw>Re*new"a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?-n?"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being renewed; <as>as, a lease <ex>renewable</ex> at pleasure</as>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Renewal</h1>
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<hw>Re*new"al</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of renewing, or the state of being renewed; <as>as, the <ex>renewal</ex> of a treaty</as>.</def>

<h1>Renewedly</h1>
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<hw>Re*new"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Again; once more.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Renewedness</h1>
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<hw>Re*new"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being renewed.</def>

<h1>Renewer</h1>
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<hw>Re*new"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, renews.</def>

<h1>Reneye</h1>
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<hw>Re*neye"</hw> <tt>(r?-n?")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Renay</er>.]</ety> <def>To deney; to reject; to renounce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For he made every man <b>reneye</b> his law.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reng</h1>
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<hw>Reng</hw> <tt>(r?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Rank</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rank; a row.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "In two <i>renges</i> fair."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rung or round of a ladder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Renidification</h1>
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<hw>Re*nid`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(r?-n?d`?-f?-k?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The act of rebuilding a nest.</def>

<h1>Reniform</h1>
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<hw>Ren"i*form</hw> <tt>(r?n"?-f?rm; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>renes</ets> kidneys + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82niforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form or shape of a kidney; <as>as, a <ex>reniform</ex> mineral; a <ex>reniform</ex> leaf.</as></def>

<h1>Renitence r-nt<it>e</it>ns, Renitency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Re*ni"tence</hw> <tt>(r?-n?"t<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <hw>Re*ni"ten*cy</hw> <tt>(-t<it>e</it>-s?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82nitence</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being renitent; resistance; reluctance.</def>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<blockquote>We find a <b>renitency</b> in ourselves to ascribe life and irritability to the cold and motionless fibers of plants.
<i>E. Darwin.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Renitent</h1>
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<hw>Re*ni"tent</hw> <tt>(-t<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>renitens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>renit</ets> to strive or struggle against, resist; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>niti</ets> to struggle or strive: cf. F. <ets>r\'82nitent</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resisting pressure or the effect of it; acting against impluse by elastic force.</def> "[Muscles] soft and yet <i>renitent</i>."

<i>Ray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Persistently opposed.</def>

<h1>Renne</h1>
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<hw>Ren"ne</hw> <tt>(r?n"n<it>e</it>)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To plunder; -- only in the phrase "to rape and <i>renne</i>." See under <er>Rap</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, to snatch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Renne</h1>
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<hw>Ren"ne</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To run.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Renner</h1>
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<hw>Ren"ner</hw> <tt>(-n?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A runner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Rennet</h1>
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<hw>Ren"net</hw> <tt>(r?n"n?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rainette</ets>, <ets>reinette</ets>, perhaps fr. <ets>raine</ets> a tree frog, L. <ets>rana</ets>, because it is spotted like this kind of frog. Cf. <er>Ranunculus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name of many different kinds of apples. Cf. <er>Reinette</er>.</def>

<i>Mortimer.</i>

<h1>Rennet, n. <ety>[AS. <ets>rinnan</ets>, <ets>rennan</ets>, to run, cf. <ets>gerinnan</ets> to curdle, coagulate. </11</h1>
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<hw>Ren"net</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>rinnan</ets>, <ets>rennan</ets>, to run, cf. <ets>gerinnan</ets> to curdle, coagulate. <hw><?/11</hw>. See <er>Run</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>The inner, or mucous, membrance of the fourth stomach of the calf, or other young ruminant; also, an infusion or preparation of it, used for coagulating milk.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>runnet</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Cheese rennet</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Cheese</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rennet ferment</col> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a ferment, present in rennet and in variable quantity in the gastric juice of most animals, which has the power of curdling milk. The ferment presumably acts by changing the casein of milk from a soluble to an insoluble form.</cd> -- <col>Rennet stomach</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the fourth stomach, or abomasum, of ruminants.</cd></cs>

<h1>Renneted</h1>
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<hw>Ren"net*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Provided or treated with rennet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Pressed milk <i>renneted</i>."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Renneting</h1>
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<hw>Ren"net*ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as 1st <er>Rennet</er>.</def>

<h1>Renning</h1>
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<hw>Ren"ning</hw> <tt>(r?n"n?ng)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 2d <er>Rennet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Asses' milk is holden for to be thickest, and therefore they use it instead of <b>renning</b>, to turn milk.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Renomee</h1>
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<hw>Re`no*mee"</hw> <tt>(r?`n?-m?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>renomm<?/e</ets>.]</ety> <def>Renown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Renounce</h1>
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<hw>Re*nounce"</hw> <tt>(r?-nouns")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Renounced</er> <tt>(-nounst")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Renouncing</er> <tt>(-noun"s?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>renoncer</ets>, L. <ets>renuntiare</ets> to bring back word, announce, revoke, retract, renounce; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>nuntiare</ets> to announce, fr. <ets>nuncius</ets>, a messenger. See <er>Nuncio</er>, <ets>and cf</ets>. <er>Renunciation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To declare against; to reject or decline formally; to refuse to own or acknowledge as belonging to one; to disclaim; <as>as, to <ex>renounce</ex> a title to land or to a throne</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cast off or reject deliberately; to disown; to dismiss; to forswear.</def>

<blockquote>This world I do <b>renounce</b>, and in your sights
Shake patiently my great affliction off.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>To disclaim having a card of (the suit led) by playing a card of another suit.</def>

<cs><col>To renounce probate</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to decline to act as the executor of a will.</cd> <i>Mozley & W.</i></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To cast off; disavow; disown; disclaim; deny; abjure; recant; abandon; forsake; quit; forego; resign; relinquish; give up; abdicate.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Renounce</er>, <er>Abjure</er>, <er>Recant</er>. -- To <i>renounce</i> is to make an affirmative declaration of abandonment. To <i>abjure</i> is to renounce with, or as with, the solemnity of an oath. To <i>recant</i> is to renounce or abjure some proposition previously affirmed and maintained.</usage>

<blockquote>From Thebes my birth I own; . . . since no disgrace
Can force me to <b>renounce</b> the honor of my race.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Either to die the death, or to <b>abjure</b>
Forever the society of man.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ease would <b>recant</b>
Vows made in pain, as violent and void.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Renounce</h1>
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<hw>Re*nounce"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make renunciation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He of my sons who fails to make it good,
By one rebellious act <b>renounces</b> to my blood.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To decline formally, as an executor or a person entitled to letters of administration, to take out probate or letters.</def>

<blockquote>Dryden died without a will, and his widow having <b>renounced</b>, his son Charles administered on June 10.
<i>W. D. Christie.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Renounce</h1>
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<hw>Re*nounce"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>Act of renouncing.</def>

<h1>Renouncement</h1>
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<hw>Re*nounce"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>renoncement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of disclaiming or rejecting; renunciation.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Renouncer</h1>
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<hw>Re*noun"cer</hw> <tt>(r?-noun"s?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who renounces.</def>

<h1>Renovate</h1>
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<hw>Ren"o*vate</hw> <tt>(r?n"?-v?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>renovatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>renovare</ets>;pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>novare</ets> to make new, fr. <ets>novus</ets> new. See <er>New</er>, and <?/<?/ <er>Renew</er>.]</ety> <def>To make over again; to restore to freshness or vigor; to renew.</def>

<blockquote>All nature feels the <b>reniovating</b> force
Of winter.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Renovation</h1>
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<hw>Ren`o**va"tion</hw> <tt>(-v?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.<ets>renovatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82novation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of renovating; the state of being renovated or renewed.</def>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<blockquote>There is something inexpressibly pleasing in the annual <b>renovation</b> of the world.
<i>Rabbler.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Renovator</h1>
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<hw>Ren"o*va`tor</hw> <tt>(r?n"?-v?`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>r\'82novateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, renovates.</def>

<i>Foster.</i>

<h1>Renovel</h1>
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<hw>Re*nov"el</hw> <tt>(r?-n?v"<it>e</it>l)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>renouveler</ets> to renew.]</ety> <def>To renew; to renovate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Renovelance</h1>
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<hw>Re*nov"el*ance</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Renewal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Renowme</h1>
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<hw>Re*nowme"</hw> <tt>(r?-noum")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Renown.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The glory and <b>renowme</b> of the ancectors.
<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></blockquote>

<h1>Renowmed</h1>
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<hw>Re*nowmed"</hw> <tt>(r?-noumd")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Renowned.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Renown</h1>
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<hw>Re*nown"</hw> <tt>(r?-noun")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>renom</ets>. See <er>Noun</er>, and cf. <er>Renown</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being much known and talked of; exalted reputation derived from the extensive praise of great achievements or accomplishments; fame; celebrity; -- always in a good sense.</def>

<blockquote>Nor envy we
Thy great <b>renown</b>, nor grudge thy victory.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Report of nobleness or exploits; praise.</def>

<blockquote>This famous duke of Milan,
Of whom so often I have heard <b>renown</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Renown</h1>
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<hw>Re*nown"</hw> <tt>(r?-noun")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>renommer</ets> to name again, celebrate, make famous; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>nommer</ets> to name, L. <ets>nominare</ets> , fr. <ets>nomen</ets> a name. See <er>Noun</er>.]</ety> <def>To make famous; to give renown to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>For joi to hear me so <b>renown</b> his son.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The bard whom pilfered pastorals <b>renown</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Renowned</h1>
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<hw>Re*nowned"</hw> <tt>(r?-nound")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Famous; celebrated for great achievements, for distinguished qualities, or for grandeur; eminent; <as>as, a <ex>renowned</ex> king</as>.</def> "Some <i>renowned</i> metropolis with glistering spires."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>These were the <b>renouwned</b> of the congregation.
<i>Num. i. 61.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Famous; famed; distinguished; noted; eminent; celebrated; remarkable; wonderful. See <er>Famous</er>.</syn>

<h1>Renownedly</h1>
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<hw>Re*nown"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(r?-noun"?d-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With renown.</def>

<h1>Renowner</h1>
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<hw>Re*nown"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who gives renown.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Renownful</h1>
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<hw>Re*nown"ful</hw> <tt>(-f?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having great renown; famous.</def> "<i>Renownful</i> Scipio."

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Renownless</h1>
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<hw>Re*nown"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without renown; inglorius.</def>

<h1>Rensselaerite</h1>
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<hw>Rens"se*laer*ite</hw> <tt>(r?ns"s<it>e</it>-l?r-?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A soft, compact variety of talc,, being an altered pyroxene. It is often worked in a lathe into inkstands and other articles.</def>

<h1>Rent</h1>
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<hw>Rent</hw> <tt>(r?nt)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To rant.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<h1>Rent</h1>
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<hw>Rent</hw>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Rend</er>.</def>

<h1>Rent</h1>
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<hw>Rent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Rend</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An opening made by rending; a break or breach made by force; a tear.</def>

<blockquote>See what a <b>rent</b> the envious Casca made.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Figuratively, a schim; a rupture of harmony; a separation; <as>as, a <ex>rent</ex> in the church</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Fissure; breach; disrupture; rupture; tear; diaceration; break; fracture.</syn>

<h1>Rent</h1>
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<hw>Rent</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tear. See <er>Rend</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Rent</h1>
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<hw>Rent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rente</ets>, LL. <ets>renta</ets>, fr. L. <ets>reddita</ets>, fem. sing. or neut. pl. of <ets>redditus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reddere</ets> to give back, pay. See <er>Render</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Incone; revenue. See <er>Catel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Catel had they enough and <i>rent</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>[Bacchus] a waster was and all his <b>rent</b>
In wine and bordel he dispent.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>So bought an annual <b>rent</b> or two,
And liv'd, just as you see I do.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Pay; reward; share; toll.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Death, that taketh of high and low his <b>rent</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A certain periodical profit, whether in money, provisions, chattels, or labor, issuing out of lands and tenements in payment for the use; commonly, a certain pecuniary sum agreed upon between a tenant and his landlord, paid at fixed intervals by the lessee to the lessor, for the use of land or its appendages; <as>as, <ex>rent</ex> for a farm, a house, a park, etc.</as></def>

<note>&hand; The term <i>rent</i> is also popularly applied to compensation for the use of certain personal chattles, as a piano, a sewing machine, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Black rent</col>. <cd>See <er>Blackmail</er>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Forehand rent</col>, <cd>rent which is paid in advance; foregift.</cd> -- <col>Rent arrear</col>, rent in arrears; unpaid rent. <i>Blackstone</i>. -- <col>Rent charge</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a rent reserved on a conveyance of land in fee simple, or granted out of lands by deed; -- so called because, by a covenant or clause in the deed of conveyance, the land is charged with a distress for the payment of it, <i>Bouvier<i>.</cd> -- <col>Rent roll</col>, <cd>a list or account of rents or income; a rental.</cd> -- <col>Rent seck</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a rent reserved by deed, but without any clause of distress; barren rent. A power of distress was made incident to rent seck by Statue 4 George II. c. 28.</cd> -- <col>Rent service</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>rent reserved out of land held by fealty or other corporeal service; -- so called from such service being incident to it.</cd> -- <col>White rent</col>, <cd>a quitrent when paid in silver; -- opposed to <i>black rent<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rent</h1>
<Xpage=1218>

<hw>Rent</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Renting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>renter</ets>. See <er>Rent</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grant the possession and enjoyment of, for a rent; to lease; <as>as, the owwner of an estate or house <ex>rents</ex> it</as>.</def><-- = rent out; to let -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take and hold under an agreement to pay rent; <as>as, the tennant <ex>rents</ex> an estate of the owner</as>.</def>

<h1>Rent</h1>
<Xpage=1218>

<hw>Rent</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be leased, or let for rent; <as>as, an estate <ex>rents</ex> for five hundred dollars a year</as>.</def>

<h1>Rentable</h1>
<Xpage=1218>

<hw>Rent"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being rented, or suitable for renting.</def>

<h1>Rentage</h1>
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<hw>Rent"age</hw> <tt>(-?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>rentage</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rental</h1>
<Xpage=1218>

<hw>Rent"al</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>rentale</ets>, fr. <ets>renta</ets>. See <er>Rent</er> income.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A schedule, account, or list of rents, with the names of the tenants, etc.; a rent roll.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sum total of rents; <as>as, an estate that yields a <ex>rental</ex> of ten thousand dollars a year</as>.</def>

<h1>Rente</h1>
<Xpage=1218>

<hw>Rente</hw> <tt>(r?<er>n</er>t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Rent</er> income.]</ety> <def>In France, interest payable by government on indebtedness; the bonds, shares, stocks, etc.,, which represent government indebtedness.</def>

<h1>Renter</h1>
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<hw>Rent"er</hw> <tt>(r?nt"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rents or leases an estate; -- usually said of a lessee or tenant.</def>

<h1>Renter</h1>
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<hw>Ren"ter</hw> <tt>(r?n"t?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rentered</er> <tt>(-t?rd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rentering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>rentraire</ets>; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>in</ets> into, in + <ets>trahere</ets> to draw.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sew together so that the seam is scarcely visible; to sew up with skill and nicety; to finedraw.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To restore the original design of, by working in new warp; -- said with reference to tapestry.</def>

<h1>Renterer</h1>
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<hw>Ren"ter*er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who renters.</def>

<h1>Rentier</h1>
<Xpage=1218>

<hw>Ren`tier"</hw> <tt>(r?<er>n</er>`ty?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See 5th <er>Rent</er>.]</ety> <def>One who has a fixed income, as from lands, stocks, or the like.</def>

<h1>Renumerate</h1>
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<hw>Re*nu"mer*ate</hw> <tt>(r?-n?"m?r-?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>renumeratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>renumerare</ets> to count over, count up; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +  <ets>numerare</ets> to count. See <er>Numerate</er>.]</ety> <def>To recount.</def>

<h1>Renunciation</h1>
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<hw>Re*nun`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(r?-n?n`s?-?"sh?n &or; -sh?-?"sh?n; 277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>renonciation</ets>, L.  <ets>renuntiatio</ets> ann announcement. See <er>Renounce</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of renouncing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Formal declination to take out letters of administration, or to assume an office, privilege, or right.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Renouncement; disownment; disavowal; disavowment; disclaimer; rejection; abjuration; recantation; denial; abandonment; relinquishment.</syn>

<hr>
<page="1219">
Page 1219<p>

<h1>Renunciatory</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Re*nun"ci*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(r?-n?n"sh?-?-t?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>renuntiatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to renunciation; containing or declaring a renunciation; <as>as, <ex>renunciatory</ex> vows</as>.</def>

<h1>Renverse</h1>
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<hw>Ren*verse"</hw> <tt>(r?n-vErs")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>renverser</ets>; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>in</ets> in, into + <ets>versare</ets>, v. intens. fr. <ets>vertere</ets> to turn.]</ety> <def>To reverse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whose shield he bears <b>renverst</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Renverse rnvrs, &or;  Renvers\'82</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw><hw>Ren*verse"</hw> <tt>(r?n*v?rs")</tt>, &or;  <hw>Ren`ver`s\'82"</hw> <tt>(r?n`v?r`s?")</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>renvers\'82</ets>, <ets>p. p.</ets> ]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Reversed; set with the head downward; turned contrary to the natural position.</def>

<h1>Renversement</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Ren*verse"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A reversing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Renvoy</h1>
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<hw>Ren*voy"</hw> <tt>(-voi")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>renvoyer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To send back.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Not dismissing or <i>renvoying</i> her."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Renvoy</h1>
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<hw>Ren*voy"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>renvoi</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sending back.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reobtain</h1>
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<hw>Re`ob*tain"</hw> <tt>(r?`?b-t?n")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To obtain again.</def>

<h1>Reobtainable</h1>
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<hw>Re`ob*tain"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be reobtained.</def>

<h1>Reoccupy</h1>
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<hw>Re*oc"cu*py</hw> <tt>(r?-?k"k?-p?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To occupy again.</def>

<h1>Reometer</h1>
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<hw>Re*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(r?-?m"?-t$r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Rheometer</er>.</def>

<h1>Reopen</h1>
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<hw>Re*o"pen</hw> <tt>(r?-?"p'n)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To open again.</def>

<h1>Reoppose</h1>
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<hw>Re`op*pose"</hw> <tt>(r?`?p-p?z")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To oppose again.</def>

<h1>Reordain</h1>
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<hw>Re`or*dain"</hw> <tt>(r?`?r-d?n")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +  <ets>ordain</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82ordonner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To ordain again, as when the first ordination is considered defective.</def>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Reorder</h1>
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<hw>Re*or"der</hw> <tt>(r?-?r"d?r)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To order a second time.</def>

<h1>Reordination</h1>
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<hw>Re*or`di*na"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second ordination.</def>

<h1>Reorganization</h1>
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<hw>Re*or`gan*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(-g<it>a</it>n-?-z?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reorganizing; a reorganized existence; <as>as, <ex>reorganization</ex> of the troops</as>.</def>

<h1>Reorganize</h1>
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<hw>Re*or"gan*ize</hw> <tt>(r?-?r"g<it>a</it>n-?z)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To organize again or anew; <as>as, to <ex>reorganize</ex> a society or an army</as>.</def>

<h1>Reorient</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Re*o"ri*ent</hw> <tt>(r?-?"r?-<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rising again.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>The life <b>reorient</b> out of dust.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reostat</h1>
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<hw>Re"o*stat</hw> <tt>(r?"?-st?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>See <er>Rheostat</er>.</def>

<h1>Reotrope</h1>
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<hw>Re"o*trope</hw> <tt>(-tr?p)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>See <er>Rheotrope</er>.</def>

<h1>Rep</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Rep</hw> <tt>(r?p)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prob. a corruption of <ets>rib</ets>: cf. F. <ets>reps</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fabric made of silk or wool, or of silk and wool, and having a transversely corded or ribbed surface.</def>

<h1>Rep</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Rep</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed with a surface closely corded, or ribbed transversely; -- applied to textile fabrics of silk or wool; <as>as, <ex>rep</ex> silk</as>.</def>

<h1>Repace</h1>
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<hw>Re*pace"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?s")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pace again; to walk over again in a contrary direction.</def>

<h1>Repacify</h1>
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<hw>Re*pac"i*fy</hw> <tt>(r?-p?s"?-f?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pacify again.</def>

<h1>Repack</h1>
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<hw>Re*pack"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?k")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pack a second time or anew; <as>as, to <ex>repack</ex> beef; to <ex>repack</ex> a trunk.</as></def>

<h1>Repacker</h1>
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<hw>Re*pack"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who repacks.</def>

<h1>Repaganize</h1>
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<hw>Re*pa"gan*ize</hw> <tt>(r?-p?"g<it>a</it>n-?z)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To paganize anew; to bring back to paganism.</def>

<h1>Repaid</h1>
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<hw>Re*paid"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?d")</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Repay</er>.</def>

<h1>Repaint</h1>
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<hw>Re*paint"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?nt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To paint anew or again; <as>as, to <ex>repaint</ex> a house; to <ex>repaint</ex> the ground of a picture.</as></def>

<h1>Repair</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Re*pair"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?r")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>repairen</ets>, OF. <ets>repairier</ets> to return, fr. L. <ets>repatriare</ets> to return to one's contry, to go home again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>patria</ets> native country, fr. <ets>pater</ets> father. See <er>Father</er>, and cf. <er>Repatriate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To return.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I thought . . . that he <b>repaire</b> should again.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To go; to betake one's self; to resort; ass, to <i>repair</i> to sanctuary for safety.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Go, mount the winds, and to the shades <b>repair</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Repair</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Re*pair"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>repaire</ets> retreat, asylum, abode. See <er>Repair</er> to go.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of repairing or resorting to a place.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>The king sent a proclamation for their <b>repair</b> to their houses.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Place to which one repairs; a haunt; a resort.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>There the fierce winds his tender force assail
And beat him downward to his first <b>repair</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Repair</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Re*pair"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Repaired</er> <tt>(-p?rd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Repairing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82parer</ets>, L. reparare; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>parare</ets> to prepare. See <er>Pare</er>, and cf. <er>Reparation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To restore to a sound or good state after decay, injury, dilapidation, or partial destruction; to renew; to restore; to mend; <as>as, to <ex>repair</ex> a house, a road, a shoe, or a ship; to <ex>repair</ex> a shattered fortune</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Secret refreshings that <b>repair</b> his strength.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Do thou, as thou art wont, <b>repair</b>
My heart with gladness.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make amends for, as for an injury, by an equivalent; to indemnify for; <as>as, to <ex>repair</ex> a loss or damage</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I 'll <b>repair</b> the misery thou dost bear.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To restore, recover; renew; amend; mend; retrieve; recruit.</syn>

<h1>Repair</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Re*pair"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Restoration to a sound or good state after decay, waste, injury, or partial restruction; supply of loss; reparation; <as>as, materials are collected for the <ex>repair</ex> of a church or of a city</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sunk down and sought <b>repair</b>
Of sleep, which instantly fell on me.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Condition with respect to soundness, perfectness, etc.; <as>as, a house in good, or bad, <ex>repair</ex>; the book is out of <ex>repair</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Repairable</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Re*pair"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Reparable.</def>

<i>Gauden.</i>

<h1>Repairer</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Re*pair"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, repairs, restores, or makes amends.</def>

<h1>Repairment</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Re*pair"ment</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of repairing.</def>

<h1>Repand</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Re*pand"</hw> <tt>(r?*p?nd)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>repandus</ets> bent backward, turned up; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>pandus</ets> bent, crooked.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zool.)</fld> <def>Having a slightly undulating margin; -- said of leaves.</def>

<h1>Reparability</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Rep`a*ra*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(r?p`?-r?-b?l"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being reparable.</def>

<h1>Reparable</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Rep"a*ra*ble</hw> <tt>(r?p"?-r?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reparabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82parable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being repaired, restored to a sound or good state, or made good; restorable; <as>as, a <ex>reparable</ex> injury</as>.</def>

<h1>Reparably</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Rep"a*ra*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a reparable manner.</def>

<h1>Reparation</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Rep`a*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(-r?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82paration</ets>, L. <ets>reparatio</ets>. See <er>Repair</er> to mend.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of renewing, restoring, etc., or the state of being renewed or repaired; <as>as, the <ex>reparation</ex> of a bridge or of a highway</as>; -- in this sense, <i>repair</i> is oftener used.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of making amends or giving satisfaction or compensation for a wrong, injury, etc.; also, the thing done or given; amends; satisfaction; indemnity.</def>
<-- usu. in the phrase <col>make reparation &or; reparations</col>. -->

<blockquote>I am sensible of the scandal I have given by my loose writings, and make what <b>reparation</b> I am able.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Restoration; repair; restitution; compensation; amends; satisfaction.</syn>

<h1>Reparative</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Re*par"a*tive</hw> <tt>(r?-p?r"?-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Repairing, or tending to repair.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Reparative</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Re*par"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which repairs.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Reparel</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Re*par"el</hw> <tt>(-?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Reapparel</er>.]</ety> <def>A change of apparel; a second or different suit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau & Fl.</i>

<h1>Repartee</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Rep`ar*tee"</hw> <tt>(r?p`3r-t?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>repartie</ets>, fr. <ets>repartir</ets> to reply, depart again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- <ets>partir</ets> to part, depart. See <er>Part</er>.]</ety> <def>A smart, ready, and witty reply.</def>

<blockquote>Cupid was as bad as he;
Hear but the youngster's <b>repartee</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Retort; reply. See <er>Retort</er>.</syn>

<h1>Repartee</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Rep`ar*tee"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reparteed</er> <tt>(-t?d")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reparteeing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make smart and witty replies.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Repartimiento</h1>
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<hw>Re`par*ti`mi*en"to</hw> <tt>(r?`p?r-t?`m?-?n"t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp., fr. <ets>repartir</ets> to divide.]</ety> <def>A partition or distribution, especially of slaves; also, an assessment of taxes.</def>

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<h1>Repartotion</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Re`par*to"tion</hw> <tt>(r?-p?r-t?sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Another, or an additional, separation into parts.</def>

<h1>Repass</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Re*pass"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?s")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- +  pass</ets>: cf. F. <ets>repasser</ets>. Cf. <er>Repace</er>.]</ety> <def>To pass again; to pass or travel over in the opposite direction; to pass a second time; <as>as, to <ex>repass</ex> a bridge or a river; to <ex>repass</ex> the sea.</as></def>

<h1>Repass</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Re*pass"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To pass or go back; to move back; <as>as, troops passing and <ex>repassing</ex> before our eyes</as>.</def>

<h1>Repassage</h1>
<Xpage=1219>

<hw>Re*pas"sage</hw> <tt>(r?-p?s"s?j;48)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of repassing; passage back.</def>

<i>Hakluyt.</i>

<h1>Repassant</h1>
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<hw>Re*pas"sant</hw> <tt>(r?-p?s"s<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>repassant</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Counterpassant.</def>

<h1>Repast</h1>
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<hw>Re*past"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?st")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>repast</ets>, F. <ets>repas</ets>, LL. <ets>repastus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>repascere</ets> to feed again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>pascere</ets>, <ets>pastum</ets>, to pasture, feed. See <er>Pasture</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of taking food.</def>

<blockquote>From dance to sweet <b>repast</b> they turn.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is taken as food; a meal; figuratively, any refreshment.</def> "Sleep . . . thy best <i>repast</i>."

<i>Denham.</i>

<blockquote>Go and get me some <b>repast</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Repast</h1>
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<hw>Re*past"</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To supply food to; to feast; to take food.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Repast</i> them with my blood."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He then, also, as before, left arbitrary the dieting and <b>repasting</b> of our minds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Repaster</h1>
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<hw>Re*past"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who takes a repast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Repasture</h1>
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<hw>Re*pas"ture</hw> <tt>(-p?s"t?r;135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Repast</er>.]</ety> <def>Food; entertainment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Food for his rage, <b>repasture</b> for his den.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Repatriate</h1>
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<hw>Re*pa"tri*ate</hw> <tt>(r?-p?"tr?-?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>repatriare</ets>. See 1st <er>Repair</er>.]</ety> <def>To restore to one's own country.</def>

<h1>Repatriation</h1>
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<hw>Re*pa`tri*a"tion</hw> <tt>(-?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>repatriatio</ets> return to one's country.]</ety> <def>Restoration to one's country.</def>

<h1>Repay</h1>
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<hw>Re*pay"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Repaid</er> <tt>(-p?d")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Repaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + pay</ets>: cf. F. <ets>repayer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To pay back; to refund; <as>as, to <ex>repay</ex> money borrowed or advanced</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If you <b>repay</b> me not on such a day,
In such a place, such sum or sums.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make return or requital for; to recompense; -- in a good or bad sense; <as>as, to <ex>repay</ex> kindness; to <ex>repay</ex> an injury.</as></def>

<blockquote>Benefits which can not be <b>repaid</b> . . . are not commonly found to increase affection.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pay anew, or a second time, as a debt.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To refund; restore; return; recompense; compensate; remunerate; satisfy; reimburse; requite.</syn>

<h1>Repayable</h1>
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<hw>Re*pay"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being, or proper to be , repaid; due; <as>as, a loan <ex>repayable</ex> in ten days; services <ex>repayable</ex> in kind.</as></def>

<h1>Repayment</h1>
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<hw>Re*pay"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of repaying; reimbursement.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The money or other thing repaid.</def>

<h1>Repeal</h1>
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<hw>Re*peal"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?l")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Repealed</er> <tt>(-p?ld")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Repealing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>repeler</ets> to call back, F. <ets>rappeler</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + OF. <ets>apeler</ets>, F. <ets>appeler</ets>, to call, L. <ets>appellare</ets>. See <er>Appeal</er>, and. cf. <er>Repel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To recall; to summon again, as persons.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The banished Bolingbroke <b>repeals</b> himself,
And with uplifted arms is safe arrived.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To recall, as a deed, will, law, or statute; to revoke; to rescind or abrogate by authority, as by act of the legislature; <as>as, to <ex>repeal</ex> a law</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To suppress; to repel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whence Adam soon <b>repealed</b>
The doubts that in his heart arose.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To abolish; revoke; rescind; recall; annul; abrogate; cancel; reverse. See <er>Abolish</er>.</syn>

<h1>Repeal</h1>
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<hw>Re*peal"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Recall, as from exile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The tribunes are no soldiers; and their people
 Will be as rash in the <b>repeal</b>, as hassty
To expel him thence.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Revocation; abrogation; <as>as, the <ex>repeal</ex> of a statute; the <ex>repeal</ex> of a law or a usage.</as></def>

<h1>Repealability</h1>
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<hw>Re*peal`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(-?-b?l"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being repealable.</def>

<h1>Repealable</h1>
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<hw>Re*peal"a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?-p?l"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being repealed.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*peal"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<syn>Syn. -- Revocable; abrogable; voidable; reversible.</syn>

<h1>Repealer</h1>
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<hw>Re*peal"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who repeals; one who seeks a repeal; specifically, an advocate for the repeal of the Articles of Union between Great Britain and Ireland.</def>

<h1>Repealment</h1>
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<hw>Re*peal"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Recall, as from banishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Repeat</h1>
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<hw>Re*peat"</hw> <tt>(-p?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Repeated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Repeating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82p\'82ter</ets>, L. <ets>repetere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +  <ets>petere</ets> to fall upon, attack. See <er>Petition</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To go over again; to attempt, do, make, or utter again; to iterate; to recite; <as>as, to <ex>repeat</ex> an effort, an order, or a poem</as>.</def>  "I will <i>repeat</i> our former communication."

<i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i>

<blockquote>Not well conceived of God; who, though his power
Creation could <b>repeat</b>, yet would be loth
Us to abolish.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make trial of again; to undergo or encounter again.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Waller.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>To repay or refund (an excess received).</def>

<cs><col>To repeat one's self</col>, <cd>to do or say what one has already done or said.</cd> -- <col>To repeat signals</col>, <cd>to make the same signals again; specifically, to communicate, by repeating them, the signals shown at headquarters.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To reiterate; iterate; renew; recite; relate; rehearse; recapitulate. See <er>Reiterate</er>.</syn>

<h1>Repeat</h1>
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<hw>Re*peat"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?t")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of repeating; repetition.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is repeated; <as>as, the <ex>repeat</ex> of a pattern</as>; that is, the repetition of the engraved figure on a roller by which an impression is produced (as in calico printing, etc.).</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A mark, or series of dots, placed before and after, or often only at the end of, a passage to be repeated in performance.</def>

<h1>Repeatedly</h1>
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<hw>Re*peat"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>More than once; again and again; indefinitely.</def>

<h1>Repeater</h1>
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<hw>Re*peat"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, repeats.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A watch with a striking apparatus which, upon pressure of a spring, will indicate the time, usually in hours and quarters</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A repeating firearm.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Teleg.)</fld> <def>An instrument for resending a telegraphic message automatically at an intermediate point</def>.<-- or a telephone signal --> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A person who votes more than once at an election</def>. <mark>[U.S.]</mark> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>See <cref>Circulating decimal</cref>, under <er>Decimal</er>.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A pennant used to indicate that a certain flag in a hoist of signal is duplicated.</def>

<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i>

<h1>Repeating</h1>
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<hw>Re*peat"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Doing the same thing over again; accomplishing a given result many times in succession; <as>as, a <ex>repeating</ex> firearm; a <ex>repeating</ex> watch</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Repeating circle</col>. <cd>See the Note under <er>Circle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Repeating decimal</col> <fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>a circulating decimal. See under <er>Decimal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Repeating firearm</col>, <cd>a firearm that may be discharged many times in quick succession</def>; especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A form of firearm so constructed that by the action of the mechanism the charges are successively introduced from a chamber containing them into the breech of the barrel, and fired.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A form in which the charges are held in, and discharged from, a revolving chamber at the breech of the barrel</cd>. See <er>Revolver</er>, and <cref>Magazine gun</cref>, under <er>Magazine</er>.</cd><-- also called automatic weapon --> -- <col>Repeating instruments</col> <fld>(Astron. & Surv.)</fld>, <cd>instruments for observing angles, as a circle, theodolite, etc., so constructed that the angle may be measured several times in succession, and different, but successive and contiguous, portions of the graduated limb, before reading off the aggregate result, which aggregate, divided by the number of measurements, gives the angle, freed in a measure from errors of eccentricity and graduation.</cd> -- <col>Repeating watch</col>. <cd>See <er>Repeater</er> <sd>(a)</sd></cd></cs>

<h1>Repedation</h1>
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<hw>Rep"e*da"tion</hw> <tt>(r?p`?-da"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>repedare</ets> to step back; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot.]</ety> <def>A stepping or going back.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Repel</h1>
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<hw>Re**pel"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?l")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Repelled</er> <tt>(-p?ld")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Repelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>repellere</ets>, <ets>repulsum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>pellere</ets> to drive. See <er>Pulse</er> a beating, and cf. <er>Repulse</er>, <er>Repeal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To drive back; to force to return; to check the advance of; to repulse as, to <i>repel</i> an enemy or an assailant.</def>

<blockquote>Hippomedon <b>repelled</b> the hostile tide.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They <b>repelled</b> each other strongly, and yet attracted each other strongly.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To resist or oppose effectually; <as>as, to <ex>repel</ex> an assault, an encroachment, or an argument</as>.</def>

<blockquote>[He] gently <b>repelled</b> their entreaties.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Tu repulse; resist; oppose; reject; refuse.</syn>

<h1>Repel</h1>
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<hw>Re*pel"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To act with force in opposition to force impressed; to exercise repulsion.</def>

<h1>Repellence -l<it>e</it>ns, Repellency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Re*pel"lence</hw> <tt>(-l<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <hw>Re*pel"len*cy</hw> <tt>(-l<it>e</it>n-s?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principle of repulsion; the quality or capacity of repelling; repulsion.</def>

<h1>Repellent</h1>
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<hw>Re*pel"lent</hw> <tt>(-l<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>repellens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. ]</ety> <def>Driving back; able or tending to repel.</def>

<h1>Repellent</h1>
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<hw>Re*pel"lent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which repels.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy to repel from a tumefied part the fluids which render it tumid.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A kind of waterproof cloth.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Repeller</h1>
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<hw>Re*pel"ler</hw> <tt>(-l?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, repels.</def>

<h1>Repent</h1>
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<hw>Re"pent</hw> <tt>(r?"p?nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>repens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, creeping, p. pr. of <ets>repere</ets> to creep.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Prostrate and rooting; -- said of stems.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Reptant</er>.</def>

<h1>Repent</h1>
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<hw>Re*pent"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?nt")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Repented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Repenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>se repentir</ets>; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>poenitere</ets> to make repent, <ets>poenitet me</ets> it repents me, I repent. See <er>Penitent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To feel pain, sorrow, or regret, for what one has done or omitted to do.</def>

<blockquote>First she relents
With pity; of that pity then <b>repents</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To change the mind, or the course of conduct, on account of regret or dissatisfaction.</def>

<blockquote>Lest, peradventure, the people <b>repent</b> when they see war, and they return to Egypt.
<i>Ex. xiii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>To be sorry for sin as morally evil, and to seek forgiveness; to cease to love and practice sin.</def>

<blockquote>Except ye <b>repent</b>, ye shall likewise perish.
<i>Luke xii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Repent</h1>
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<hw>Re*pent"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To feel pain on account of; to remember with sorrow.</def>

<blockquote>I do <b>repent</b> it from my very soul.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1220">
Page 1220<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To feel regret or sorrow; -- used reflexively.</def>

<blockquote>My father has <b>repented</b> him ere now.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to have sorrow or regret; -- used impersonally.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "And it <i>repented</i> the Lord that he had made man on the earth."

<i>Gen. vi. 6.</i>

<h1>Repentance</h1>
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<hw>Re*pent"ance</hw> <tt>(r?-p?nt"<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>repentance</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of repenting, or the state of being penitent; sorrow for what one has done or omitted to do; especially, contrition for sin.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Godly sorrow worketh <b>repentance</b> to salvation.
<i>2. Cor. vii. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Repentance</b> is a change of mind, or a conversion from sin to God.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Repentance is the relinquishment of any practice from the conviction that it has offended God. Sorrow, fear, and anxiety are properly not parts, but adjuncts, of <b>repentance</b>; yet they are too closely connected with it to be easily separated.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Contrition; regret; penitence; contriteness; compunction. See <er>Contrition</er>.</syn>

<h1>Repentant</h1>
<Xpage=1220>

<hw>Re*pent"ant</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>repentant</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Penitent; sorry for sin.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Thus they, in lowliest plight, <b>repentant</b> stood.
<i>Millton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressing or showing sorrow for sin; <as>as, <ex>repentant</ex> tears; <ex>repentant</ex> ashes.</as></def> "<i>Repentant</i> sighs and voluntary pains."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Repentant</h1>
<Xpage=1220>

<hw>Re*pent"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who repents, especially one who repents of sin; a penitent.</def>

<h1>Repentantly</h1>
<Xpage=1220>

<hw>Re*pent"ant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a repentant manner.</def>

<h1>Repenter</h1>
<Xpage=1220>

<hw>Re*pent"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who repents.</def>

<h1>Repentingly</h1>
<Xpage=1220>

<hw>Re*pent"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With repentance; penitently.</def>

<h1>Repentless</h1>
<Xpage=1220>

<hw>Re*pent"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unrepentant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Repeople</h1>
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<hw>Re*peo"ple</hw> <tt>(r?-p?"p'l)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + people</ets>: cf. F. <ets>repeupler</ets>.]</ety> <def>To people anew.</def>

<h1>Reperception</h1>
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<hw>Re`per*cep"tion</hw> <tt>(r?`p?r-s?p"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of perceiving again; a repeated perception of the same object.</def>

<blockquote>No external praise can give me such a glow as my own solitary <b>reperception</b> and ratification of what is fine.
<i>Keats.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Repercuss</h1>
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<hw>Re`per*cuss"</hw> <tt>(-k?s")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Repercussed</er> <tt>(-k?st")</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Repercussing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>repercusus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>repercutere</ets> to drive back; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>percutere</ets>. See <er>Percussion</er>.]</ety> <def>To drive or beat back; hence, to reflect; to reverberate.</def>

<blockquote>Perceiving all the subjacent country, . . . to <b>repercuss</b> such a light as I could hardly look against.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Repercussion</h1>
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<hw>Re`per*cus"sion</hw> <tt>(-k?sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>repercussio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82percussion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of driving back, or the state of being driven back; reflection; reverberation; <as>as, the <ex>repercussion</ex> of sound</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Ever echoing back in endless <b>repercussion</b>.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Rapid reiteration of the same sound.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The subsidence of a tumor or eruption by the action of a repellent.</def>

<i>Dunglison.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Obstetrics)</fld> <def>In a vaginal examination, the act of imparting through the uterine wall with the finger a shock to the fetus, so that it bounds upward, and falls back again against the examining finger.</def>

<h1>Repercussive</h1>
<Xpage=1220>

<hw>Re`per*cuss"ive</hw> <tt>(-k?s"?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82percussif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Tending or able to repercuss; having the power of sending back; causing to reverberate.</def>

<blockquote>Ye <b>repercussive</b> rocks! repeat the sound.
<i>W. Pattison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Repellent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Blood is stanched by astringent and <i>repecussive</i> medicines."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Driven back; rebounding; reverberated.</def> "Rages loud the <i>repercussive</i> roar."

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Repercussive</h1>
<Xpage=1220>

<hw>Re`per*cuss"ive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A repellent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Repertitious</h1>
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<hw>Rep`er*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(r?p`?r-t?sh"?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reperticius</ets>. See <er>Repertory</er>.]</ety> <def>Found; gained by finding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>R</pertoire</h1>
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<hw>R<?/`per`toire"</hw> <tt>(F. r?`p?r`tw?r"; E. r?p"?r-tw?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Repertory</er>.]</ety> <def>A list of drams, operas, pieces, parts, etc., which a company or a person has rehearsed and is prepared to perform.</def>

<h1>Repertory</h1>
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<hw>Rep"er*to*ry</hw> <tt>(r?p"?r-t?-r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>repertorium</ets>, fr. <ets>reperire</ets> to find again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re + <ets>parire</ets>, <ets>parere</ets>, to bring forth, procure: cf. F. <ets>r\'82pertoire</ets>. Cf. <er>Parent</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A place in which things are disposed in an orderly manner, so that they can be easily found, as the index of a book, a commonplace book, or the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A treasury; a magazine; a storehouse.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Same as <er>R\'82pertoire</er>.</def>

<h1>Reperusal</h1>
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<hw>Re`pe*rus"al</hw> <tt>(r?`p?-r?z"<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second or repeated perusal.</def>

<h1>Reperuse</h1>
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<hw>Re`pe*ruse"</hw> <tt>(-r?z")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To peruse again.</def>

<i> Ld. Lytton.</i>

<h1>Repetend</h1>
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<hw>Rep`e*tend</hw> <tt>(r?p`?-t?nd")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>repetendus</ets> to be repeated, fr. <ets>repetere</ets> to repeat.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>That part of a circulating decimal which recurs continually, <i>ad infinitum</i>: -- sometimes indicated by a dot over the first and last <?/igures; thus, in the circulating decimal .728328328 + (otherwise .7283), the <i>repetend</i> is 283.</def>

<h1>Repetition</h1>
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<hw>Rep`e*ti"tion</hw> <tt>(r?p`?-t?sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>repetitio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82p\'82tition</ets>. See <er>Repeat</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of repeating; a doing or saying again; iteration.</def>

<blockquote>I need not be barren of accusations; he hath faults, with surplus to tire in <b>repetition</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Recital from memory; rehearsal.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The act of repeating, singing, <?/ playing, the same piece or part a second time; reiteration of a note.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Reiteration, or repeating the same word, or the same sense in different words, for the purpose of making a deeper impression on the audience.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Astron. & Surv.)</fld> <def>The measurement of an angle by successive observations with a repeating instrument.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Iteration; rehearsal. See <er>Tautology</er>.</syn>

<h1>Repetitional -<it>a</it>l. Repetitionary</h1>
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<hw><hw>Rep`e*ti"tion*al</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>l)</tt>. <hw>Rep`e*ti"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(-?-r?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of, or containing, repetition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Repetitioner</h1>
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<hw>Rep`e*ti"tion*er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who repeats.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Repetitious</h1>
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<hw>Rep`e*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(-t?sh"?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Repeating; containing repetition.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<i>Dr. T. Dwight.</i>

<h1>Repetitive</h1>
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<hw>Re*pet"i*tive</hw> <tt>(r?-p?t"?-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing repetition; repeating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Repetitor</h1>
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<hw>Rep"e*ti`tor</hw> <tt>(r?p"?-t?`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>repetitor</ets> a reclaimer.]</ety> <fld>(Ger.Univ.)</fld> <def>A private instructor.</def>

<h1>Repine</h1>
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<hw>Re*pine"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?n")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + pine</ets> to languish.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To fail; to wane.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Reppening</i> courage yields no foot to foe."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To continue pining; to feel inward discontent which preys on the spirits; to indulge in envy or complaint; to murmur.</def>

<blockquote>But Lachesis thereat gan to <b>repine</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What if the head, the eye, or ear <b>repined</b>
To serve mere engines to the ruling mind?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Repine</h1>
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<hw>Re*pine"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Vexation; mortification.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Repiner</h1>
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<hw>Re*pin"er</hw> <tt>(r?-p?n"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who repines.</def>

<h1>Repiningly</h1>
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<hw>Re*pin"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With repening or murmuring.</def>

<h1>Repkie</h1>
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<hw>Rep"kie</hw> <tt>(r?p"k?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any edible sea urchin.</def> <mark>[Alaska]</mark>

<h1>Replace</h1>
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<hw>Re*place"</hw> <tt>(r?-pl?s")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + place</ets>: cf. F. <ets>replacer</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To place again; to restore to a former place, position, condition, or the like.</def>

<blockquote>The earl . . . was <b>replaced</b> in his government.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To refund; to repay; to restore; <as>as, to <ex>replace</ex> a sum of money borrowed</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To supply or substitute an equivalent for; <as>as, to <ex>replace</ex> a lost document</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With Israel, religion <b>replaced</b> morality.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To take the place of; to supply the want of; to fulfull the end or office of.</def>

<blockquote>This duty of right intention does not <b>replace</b> or supersede the duty of consideration.
<i>Whewell.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To put in a new or different place.</def>

<note>&hand; The propriety of the use of <i>replace</i> instead of <i>displace</i>, <i>supersede</i>, <i>take the place of</i>, as in the third and fourth definitions, is often disputed on account of etymological discrepancy; but the use has been sanctioned by the practice of careful writers.</note>

<cs><col>Replaced crystal</col> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld>, <cd>a crystal having one or more planes in the place of its edges or angles.</cd></cs>

<h1>Replaceability</h1>
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<hw>Re*place`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(-?-b?l"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality, state, or degree of being replaceable.</def>

<h1>Replaceable</h1>
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<hw>Re*place"a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?-pl?s"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable or admitting of being put back into a place.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Admitting of having its place supplied by a like thing or an equivalent; <as>as, the lost book is <ex>replaceable</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Capable of being replaced (by), or of being exchanged (for); <as>as, the hydrogen of acids is <ex>replaceable</ex> by metals or by basic radicals</as>.</def>

<h1>Replacement</h1>
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<hw>Re*place"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of replacing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The removal of an edge or an angle by one or more planes.</def>

<h1>Replait</h1>
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<hw>Re*plait"</hw> <tt>(r?-pl?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To plait or fold again; to fold, as one part over another, again and again.</def>

<h1>Replant</h1>
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<hw>Re*plant"</hw> <tt>(rE-pl?nt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To plant again.</def>

<h1>Replantable</h1>
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<hw>Re*plant"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be planted again.</def>

<h1>Replantation</h1>
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<hw>Re`plan*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(r?`pl?n-t?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of planting again; a replanting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Hallywell.</i>

<h1>Replead</h1>
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<hw>Re*plead"</hw> <tt>(r?-pl?d")</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To plead again.</def>

<h1>Repleader</h1>
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<hw>Re*plead"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A second pleading, or course of pleadings; also, the right of pleading again.</def>

<blockquote>Whenever a <b>repleader</b> is granted, the pleadings must begin <b>de novo</b>.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Replenish</h1>
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<hw>Re*plen"ish</hw> <tt>(r?-pl?n"?sh)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Replenished</er> <tt>(-?sht)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Replenishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>replenissen</ets>, OF. <ets>replenir</ets>; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>plenus</ets> full. See <er>Full</er>, <er>-ish</er>, and cf. <er>Replete</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To fill again after having been diminished or emptied; to stock anew; hence, to fill completely; to cause to abound.</def>

<blockquote>Multiply and <b>replenish</b> the earth.
<i>Gen. i. 28.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The waters thus
With fish <b>replenished</b>, and the air with fowl.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To finish; to complete; to perfect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>We smothered
The most <b>replenished</b> sweet work of nature.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Replenish</h1>
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<hw>Re*plen"ish</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To recover former fullness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The humors will not <b>replenish</b> so soon.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Replenisher</h1>
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<hw>Re*plen"ish*er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who replenishes.</def>

<h1>Replenishment</h1>
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<hw>Re*plen"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of replenishing, or the state of being replenished.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which replenishes; supply.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Replete</h1>
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<hw>Re*plete"</hw> <tt>(r?-pl?t")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>repletus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>replere</ets> to fill again, fill up; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>plere</ets> to fill, akin to <ets>plenus</ets> full: cf. F. <ets>replet</ets> corpulent. See <er>Plenty</er>, <er>Replenish</er>.]</ety> <def>Filled again; completely filled; full; charged; abounding.</def> "His words <i>replete</i> with guile."

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>When he of wine was <b>replet</b> at his feast.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In heads <b>repiete</b> with thoughts of other men.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Replete</h1>
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<hw>Re*plete"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fill completely, or to satiety.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Repleteness</h1>
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<hw>Re*plete"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being replete.</def>

<h1>Repletion</h1>
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<hw>Re*ple"tion</hw> <tt>(r?-pl?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>repletio</ets> a filling up: cf. F. <ets>r\'82pl\'82tion</ets>. See <er>Replete</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being replete; superabundant fullness.</def>

<blockquote>The tree had too much <b>repletion</b>, and was oppressed with its own sap.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Replecioun [overeating] ne made her never sick.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Fullness of blood; plethora.</def>

<h1>Repletive</h1>
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<hw>Re*ple"tive</hw> <tt>(-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82pl\'82tif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to make replete; filling.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*ple"tive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Repletory</h1>
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<hw>Re*ple"to*ry</hw> <tt>(-t?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Repletive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Repleviable</h1>
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<hw>Re*plev"i*a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?-pl?v"?-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Replevy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Capable of being replevied.</def>

<h1>Replevin</h1>
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<hw>Re*plev"in</hw> <tt>(-?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.  <ets>replevina</ets>. See <er>Replevy</er>, and cf. <er>Plevin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A personal action which lies to recover possession of goods and chattle wrongfully taken or detained.  Originally, it was a remedy peculiar to cases for wrongful distress, but it may generally now be brought in all cases of wrongful taking or detention.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The writ by which goods and chattles are replevied.</def>

<h1>Replevin</h1>
<Xpage=1220>

<hw>Re*plev"in</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To replevy.</def>

<h1>Replevisable</h1>
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<hw>Re*plev"i*sa*ble</hw> <tt>(-?-s?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>replevisable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Repleviable.</def>

<i> Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Replevy</h1>
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<hw>Re*plev"y</hw> <tt>(-?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Replevied</er> <tt>(-?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Replevying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>replevir</ets>, LL. <ets>replevire</ets>. See <er>Pledge</er>, <er>Replevin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To take or get back, by a writ for that purpose (goods and chattels wrongfuly taken or detained), upon giving security to try the right to them in a suit at law, and, if that should be determined against the plaintiff, to return the property replevied.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Old Eng.LAw)</fld> <def>To bail.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Replevy</h1>
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<hw>Re*plev"y</hw> <tt>(r?-pl?v"?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Replevin.</def>

<i>Mozley & W.</i>

<h1>Replica</h1>
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<hw>Rep"li*ca</hw> <tt>(r?p"l?-k?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. See <er>Reply</er>, <tt>v. & n.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A copy of a work of art, as of a picture or satue, made by the maker of the original.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Repetition.</def>

<h1>Replicant</h1>
<Xpage=1220>

<hw>Rep"li*cant</hw> <tt>(r?p"l?-k<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who replies.</def>

<h1>Replicate</h1>
<Xpage=1220>

<hw>Rep"li*cate</hw> <tt>(-?-k?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reply.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Replicate l-kt, Replicated</h1>
<Xpage=1220>

<hw><hw>Rep"li*cate</hw> <tt>(l?-k?t)</tt>, <hw>Rep"li*ca`ted</hw> <tt>(-k?`t?d)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>replicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>replicare</ets>. See <er>Reply</er>.]</ety> <def>Folded over or backward; folded back upon itself; <as>as, a <ex>replicate</ex> leaf or petal; a <ex>replicate</ex> margin of a shell</as>.</def>

<h1>Replication</h1>
<Xpage=1220>

<hw>Rep`li*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(-k?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>replicatio</ets>. See <er>Reply</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An answer; a reply.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Withouten any <b>repplicacioun</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law Pleadings)</fld> <def>The reply of the plaintiff, in matters of fact, to the defendant's plea.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Return or repercussion, as of sound; echo.</def>

<blockquote>To hear the <b>replication</b> of your sounds.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A repetition; a copy.</def>

<-- 5. (Biochem.)  The copying by enzymes of a cell's genome, i.e. the DNA or RNA comprising its genetic material, to form an identical genome.  This is an essential step in the division of one cell into two.  This differs from tanscription, which is the copying of only part of the genetic information of a cell's genome into RNA, as in in the processes of biosynthesis of messenger RNA or ribosomal RNA.  -->

<i>Farrar.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Answer; response; reply; rejoinder.</syn>

<h1>Replier</h1>
<Xpage=1220>

<hw>Re*pli"er</hw> <tt>(r?-pl?"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who replies.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Replum</h1>
<Xpage=1220>

<hw>Re"plum</hw> <tt>(r?"pl?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., doorcase.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The framework of some pods, as the cress, which remains after the valves drop off.</def>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Reply</h1>
<Xpage=1220>

<hw>Re*ply"</hw> <tt>(r?-pl?")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Replied</er> <tt>(-pl?d")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Replying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>replien</ets>, OF. <ets>replier</ets>, F. <ets>r\'82pliquer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>replicare</ets> to fold back, make a reply; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>plicare</ets> to fold. See <er>Ply</er>, and cf. <er>Replica</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a return in words or writing; to respond; to answer.</def>

<blockquote>O man, who art thou that <b>repliest</b> against God?
<i>Rom. ix. 20.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To answer a defendant's plea.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Figuratively, to do something in return for something done; <as>as, to <ex>reply</ex> to a signal; to <ex>reply</ex> to the fire of a battery.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To answer; respond; rejoin.</syn>

<h1>Reply</h1>
<Xpage=1220>

<hw>Re*ply"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To return for an answer.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<blockquote>Lords, vouchsafe
To give me hearing what I shall <b>reply</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reply</h1>
<Xpage=1220>

<hw>Re*ply"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Replies</plw> <tt>(-pl<?/z")</tt>.</plu> <ety>[See <er>Reply</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, and cf. <er>Replica</er>.]</ety> <def>That which is said, written, or done in answer to what is said, written, or done by another; an answer; a response.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Answer; rejoinder; response.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Reply</er>, <er>Rejoinder</er>, <er>Answer</er>. A <i>reply</i> is a distinct response to a formal question or attack in speech or writing. A <i>rejoinder</i> is a second reply (a reply to a reply) in a protracted discussion or controversy. The word <i>answer</i> is used in two senses, namely (1), in the most general sense of a mere response; as, the <i>answer</i> to a question; or (2), in the sense of a decisive and satisfactory confutation of an adversary's argument, as when we speak of a triumphant <i>answer</i> to the speech or accusations of an opponent. Here the noun corresponds to a frequent use of the verb, as when we say. "This will <i>answer</i> (i.e., fully meet) the end in view;"  "It <i>answers</i> the purpose."</usage>

<h1>Replyer</h1>
<Xpage=1220>

<hw>Re*ply"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Replier</er>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Repolish</h1>
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<hw>Re*pol"ish</hw> <tt>(r?-p?l"?sh)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To polish again.</def>

<h1>Repone</h1>
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<hw>Re*pone"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?n")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reponere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>ponere</ets> to place.]</ety> <def>To replace.</def>

<i>R. Baillie.</i>

<h1>Repopulation</h1>
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<hw>Re*pop`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*p?p`?*l?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of repeopling; act of furnishing with a population anew.</def>

<h1>Report</h1>
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<hw>Re*port"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?rt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reported</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> Reporting.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>reporter</ets> to carry back, carry (cf. <ets>rapporter</ets>; see <er>Rapport</er>), L. <ets>reportare</ets> to bear or bring back; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>portare</ets> to bear or bring. See <er>Port</er> bearing, demeanor.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To refer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Baldwin, his son, . . . succeeded his father; so like unto him that we <b>report</b> the reader to the character of King Almeric, and will spare the repeating his description.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring back, as an answer; to announce in return; to relate, as what has been discovered by a person sent to examine, explore, or investigate; <as>as, a messenger <ex>reports</ex> to his employer what he has seen or ascertained; the committee <ex>reported</ex> progress.</as></def>

<blockquote>There is no man that may <b>reporten</b> all.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give an account of; to relate; to tell; to circulate publicly, as a story; <as>as, in the common phrase, it is <ex>reported</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>It is <b>reported</b> among the heathen, and Gashmu saith it, that thou and the Jews think to rebel.
<i>Neh. vi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give an official account or statement of; <as>as, a treasurer <ex>reperts</ex> the recepts and expenditures</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To return or repeat, as sound; to echo. <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark> "A church with windowss only form above, that <i>reporteth</i> the voice thirteen times."</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Parliamentary Practice)</fld> <def>To return or present as the result of an examination or consideration of any matter officially referred; <as>as, the committee <ex>reported</ex> the bill witth amendments, or <ex>reported</ex> a new bill, or <ex>reported</ex> the results of an inquiry</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To make minutes of, as a speech, or the doings of a public body; to write down from the lips of a speaker.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>To write an account of for publication, as in a newspaper; <as>as, to <ex>report</ex> a public celebration or a horse race</as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To make a statement of the conduct of, especially in an unfavorable sense; <as>as, to <ex>report</ex> a servant to his employer</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>To be reported</col>, &or; <col>To be reported of</col></mcol>, <cd>to be spoken of; to be mentioned, whether favorably or unfavorably. <i>Acts xvi. 2</i>.</cd> -- <col>To report one's self</col>, <cd>to betake one's self, as to a superior or one to whom service is due, and be in readiness to receive orders or do service.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To relate; narrate; tell; recite; describe.</syn>

<h1>Report</h1>
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<hw>Re*port"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?rt")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a report, or response, in respect of a matter inquired of, a duty enjoined, or information expected; <as>as, the committee will <ex>report</ex> at twelve o'clock</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To furnish in writing an account of a speech, the proceedings at a meeting, the particulars of an occurrence, etc., for publication.</def>

<hr>
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Page 1221<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To present one's self, as to a superior officer, or to one to whom service is due, and to be in readiness for orders or to do service; also, to give information, as of one's address, condition, etc.; <as>as, the officer <ex>reported</ex> to the general for duty; to <ex>report</ex> weekly by letter.</as></def>

<h1>Report</h1>
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<hw>Re*port"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?rt")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rapport</ets>. See <er>Report</er>.<tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is reported.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An account or statement of the results of examination or inquiry made by request or direction; relation</def>. "From Thetis sent as spies to make <i>report</i>."  <i>Waller</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A story or statement circulating by common talk; a rumor; hence, fame; repute; reputation.</def>

<blockquote>It was a true <b>report</b> that I heard in mine own land of thy acts and of thy wisdom.
<i>1 Kings x. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Cornelius the centurion, a just man, and . . . of good <b>report</b> among all the nation of the Jews.
<i>Acts x. 22.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Sound; noise; as, the <i>report</i> of a pistol or cannon</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>An official statement of facts, verbal or written; especially, a statement in writing of proceedings and facts exhibited by an officer to his superiors; <as>as, the <ex>reports</ex> of the heads af departments to Congress, of a master in chancery to the court, of committees to a legislative body, and the like</as>.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>An account or statement of a judicial opinion or decision, or of case argued and determined in a court of law, chancery, etc.; also, in the plural, the volumes containing such reports; <as>as, Coke's <ex>Reports</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>A sketch, or a fully written account, of a speech, debate, or the proceedings of a public meeting, legislative body, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rapport; relation; connection; reference.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The corridors worse, having no <b>report</b> to the wings they join to.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Account; relation; narration; detail; description; recital; narrative; story; rumor; hearsay.</syn>

<h1>Reportable</h1>
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<hw>Re*port"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable or admitting of being reported.</def>

<h1>Reportage</h1>
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<hw>Re*port"age</hw> <tt>(-?j)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>SAme as <er>Report</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reporter</h1>
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<hw>Re*port"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reports. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> An officer or person who makees authorized statements of law proceedings and decisions, or of legislative debates. <sd>(b)</sd> One who reports speeches, the proceedings of public meetings, news, etc., for the newspapers.</def>

<blockquote>Of our tales judge and <b>reportour</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reportingly</h1>
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<hw>Re*port"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By report or common fame.</def>

<h1>Reportorial</h1>
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<hw>Re`por*to"ri*al</hw> <tt>(r?`p?r-t?"r?-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a reporter or reporters; <as>as, the <ex>reportorial</ex> staff of a newspaper</as>.</def>

<h1>Reposal</h1>
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<hw>Re*pos"al</hw> <tt>(r?-p?z"<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Repose</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of reposing; <as>as, the <ex>reposal</ex> of a trust</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That on which one reposes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Reposance</h1>
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<hw>Re*pos"ance</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reliance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>John Hall.</i>

<h1>Repose</h1>
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<hw>Re*pose"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?z")</tt> <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reposed</er> <tt>(-p?zd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reposing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>reposer</ets>; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>pausare</ets> to pause. See <er>Pause</er>, <er>Pose</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to stop or to rest after motion; hence, to deposit; to lay down; to lodge; to reposit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>But these thy fortunes let us straight <b>repose</b>
In this divine cave's bosom.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Pebbles <b>reposed</b> in those cliffs amongst the earth . . . are left behind.
<i>Woodward.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lay at rest; to cause to be calm or quiet; to compose; to rest, -- often reflexive; <as>as, to <ex>repose</ex> one's self on a couch</as>.</def>

<blockquote>All being settled and <b>reposed</b>, the lord archibishop did present his majesty to the lords and commons.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>After the toil of battle to <b>repose</b>
Your wearied virtue.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To place, have, or rest; to set; to intrust.</def>

<blockquote>The king <b>reposeth</b> all his confidence in thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Repose</h1>
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<hw>Re*pose"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lie at rest; to rest.</def>

<blockquote>Within a thicket I <b>reposed</b>.
<i> Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Figuratively, to remain or abide restfully without anxiety or alarms.</def>

<blockquote>It is upon these that the soul may <b>repose</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lie; to be supported; as, trap <b>reposing</b> on sand</def>.

<syn>Syn. -- To lie; recline; couch; rest; sleep; settle; lodge; abide.</syn>

<h1>Repose</h1>
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<hw>Re*pose"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>repos</ets>. See <er>Repose</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A lying at rest; sleep; rest; quiet.</def>

<blockquote>Shake off the golden slumber of <b>repose</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Rest of mind; tranquillity; freedom from uneasiness; also, a composed manner or deportment.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Poetic)</fld> <def>A rest; a pause.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>That harmony or moderation which affords rest for the eue; -- opposed to the scattering and division of a subject into too many unconnected parts, and also to anything which is overstrained; <as>as, a painting may want <ex>repose</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Angle of repose</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the inclination of a plane at which a body placed on the plane would remain at rest, or if in motion would roll or side down with uniform velocity; the angle at which the various kinds of earth will stand when abandoned to themselves.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Rest; recumbency; reclination; ease; quiet; quietness; tranquillity; peace.</syn>

<h1>Reposed</h1>
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<hw>Re*posed"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?zd")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Composed; calm; tranquil; at rest.</def> <i>Bacon</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Re*pos"ed*ly</wf> <tt>(r<?/-p<?/z"<?/d-l<?/)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*pos"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Reposeful</h1>
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<hw>Re*pose"ful</hw> <tt>(r?-p?z"f?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of repose; quiet.</def>

<h1>Reposer</h1>
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<hw>Re*pos"er</hw> <tt>(r?-p?z"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reposes.</def>

<h1>Reposit</h1>
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<hw>Re*pos"it</hw> <tt>(r?-p?z"?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reposited</er>; <tt>p. pr.  & vb. n.</tt> <er>Repositing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>repositus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reponere</ets> to put back; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- +  <ets>ponere</ets> to put. See <er>Position</er>.]</ety> <def>To cause to rest or stay; to lay away; to lodge, as for safety or preservation; to place; to store.</def>

<blockquote>Others <b>reposit</b> their young in holes.
<i>Derham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reposition</h1>
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<hw>Re`po*si"tion</hw> <tt>(r?`p?*z?sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>repositio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of repositing; a laying up.</def>

<h1>Repositor</h1>
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<hw>Re*pos"i*tor</hw> <tt>(r?*p?z"?*t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument employed for replacing a displaced organ or part.</def>

<h1>Repository</h1>
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<hw>Re*pos"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(r?*p?z"?*t$*r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>repositorium</ets>, <ets>repostorium</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>repositoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>A place where things are or may be reposited, or laid up, for safety or preservation; a depository.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Repossess</h1>
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<hw>Re`pos*sess"</hw> <tt>(r?"p?z*z?s" &or; -p?s*s?s")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To possess again; <as>as, to <ex>repossess</ex> the land</as>.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<cs><col>To repossess one's self of</col> (something), <cd>to acquire again (something lost).</cd></cs>

<h1>Repossession</h1>
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<hw>Re`pos*ses"sion</hw> <tt>(r?`p?z-z?sh"?n &or; -p?s s?sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or the state of possessing again.</def>

<h1>Reposure</h1>
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<hw>Re*po"sure</hw> <tt>(r?-p?"sh?r; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rest; quiet.</def>

<blockquote>In the <b>reposure</b> of most soft content.
<i>Marston.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Repour</h1>
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<hw>Re*pour"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?r")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To pour again.</def>

<h1>Repouss\'82</h1>
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<hw>Re*pous`s\'82"</hw> <tt>(r<it>e</it> -p??`s?")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. p. of <ets>repousser</ets> to thrust back; pref <ets>re- + pousser</ets> to push. See <er>Push</er>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Formed in relief, as a pattern on metal.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Ornamented with patterns in relief made by pressing or hammering on the reverse side; -- said of thin metal, or of a vessel made of thin metal.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Repouss\'82 work.</def></def2>

<cs><col>Repouss\'82 work</col>, <cd>ornamentation of metal in relief by pressing or hammering on the reverse side.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reprefe</h1>
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<hw>Re*prefe"</hw> <tt>(r?-pr?f")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reproof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Reprehend</h1>
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<hw>Rep`re*hend"</hw> <tt>(r?p`r?-h?nd")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reprehended</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reprehending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>reprehendere</ets>, <ets>reprehensum</ets>, to hold back, seize, check, blame; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>prehendere</ets> to lay hold of. See <er>Prehensile</er>, and cf. <er>Reprisal</er>. ]</ety> <def>To reprove or reprimand with a view of restraining, checking, or preventing; to make charge of fault against; to disapprove of; to chide; to blame; to censure.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Aristippus being <b>reprehended</b> of luxury by one that was not rich, for that he gave six crowns for a small fish.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Pardon me for <b>reprehending</b> thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In which satire human vices, ignorance, and errors . . . are severely <b>reprehended</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I nor advise nor <b>reprehend</b> the choice.
<i>J. Philips.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reprehender</h1>
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<hw>Rep`re*hend"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reprehends.</def>

<h1>Reprehensible</h1>
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<hw>Rep`re*hen"si*ble</hw> <tt>(-h?n"s?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reprehensibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82pr\'82hensible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Worthy of reprehension; culpable; censurable; blamable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Rep`re*hen"si*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Rep`re*hen"si*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Reprehension</h1>
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<hw>Rep`re*hen"sion</hw> <tt>(-sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reprehensio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82pr\'82hension</ets>.]</ety> <def>Reproof; censure; blame; disapproval.</def>

<blockquote>This Basilius took as though his mistress had given him a secret <b>reprehension</b> that he had not showed more gratefulness to Dorus.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Censure; reproof; reprimand. See <er>Admonition</er>.</syn>

<h1>Reprehensive</h1>
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<hw>Rep`re*hen"sive</hw> <tt>(-h?n"s?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82pr\'82hensif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing reprehension; conveying reproof.</def>

<i>South.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rep`re*hen"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Reprehensory</h1>
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<hw>Rep`re*hen"so*ry</hw> <tt>(-s?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing reproof; reprehensive; <as>as, <ex>reprehensory</ex> complaint</as>.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Re-present</h1>
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<hw>Re`-pre*sent"</hw> <tt>(r?`pr?-z?nt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To present again; <as>as, to <ex>re-present</ex> the points of an argument</as>.</def>

<h1>Represent</h1>
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<hw>Rep`re*sent"</hw> <tt>(r?p`r?-z?nt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>repr<?/senter</ets>, L. <ets>repraesentare</ets>, <ets>repraesentatum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>preesentare</ets> to place before, present. See <er>Present</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To present again or anew; to present by means of something standing in the place of; to exhibit the counterpart or image of; to typify.</def>

<blockquote>Before him burn
Seven lamps, as in a zodiac <b>representing</b>
The heavenly fires.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To portray by pictoral or plastic art; to delineate; <as>as, to <ex>represent</ex> a landscape in a picture, a horse in bronze, and the like</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To portray by mimicry or action of any kind; to act the part or character of; to personate; <as>as, to <ex>represent</ex> Hamlet</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To stand in the place of; to supply the place, perform the duties, exercise the rights, or receive the share, of; to speak and act with authority in behalf of; to act the part of (another); <as>as, an heir <ex>represents</ex> his ancestor; an attorney <ex>represents</ex> his client in court; a member of Congress <ex>represents</ex> his district in Congress.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To exhibit to another mind in language; to show; to give one's own impressions and judgement of; to bring before the mind; to set forth; sometimes, to give an account of; to describe.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>represented</b> Rizzio's credit with the queen to be the chief and only obstacle to his success in that demand.
<i>Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This bank is thought the greatest load on the Genoese, and the managers of it have been <b>represented</b> as a second kind of senate.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To serve as a sign or symbol of; <as>as, mathematical symbols <ex>represent</ex> quantities or relations; words <ex>represent</ex> ideas or things.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To bring a sensation of into the mind or sensorium; to cause to be known, felt, or apprehended; to present.</def>

<blockquote>Among these. Fancy next
Her office holds; of all external things
Which he five watchful senses <b>represent</b>,
She forms imaginations, aery shapes.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>To form or image again in consciousness, as an object of cognition or apprehension (something which was originally apprehended by direct presentation). See <er>Presentative</er>,<er>3</er>.</def>

<blockquote>The general capability of knowledge necessarily requires that, besides the power of evoking out of unconsciousness one portion of our retained knowledge in preference to another, we posses the faculty of <b>representing</b> in consciousness what is thus evoked . . . This representative Faculty is Imagination or Phantasy.
<i>Sir. W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Representable</h1>
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<hw>Rep`re*sent"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being represented.</def>

<h1>Representance</h1>
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<hw>Rep`re*sent"ance</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Representation; likeness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Representant</h1>
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<hw>Rep`re*sent"ant</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>repr<?/sentant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Appearing or acting for another; representing.</def>

<h1>Representant</h1>
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<hw>Rep`re*sent"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>representant</ets>.]</ety> <def>A representative.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Representation</h1>
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<hw>Rep`re*sen*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(-z?n-t?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>repr<?/sentation</ets>, L. <ets>representatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of representing, in any sense of the verb.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which represents.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A likeness, a picture, or a model; <as>as, a <ex>representation</ex> of the human face, or figure, and the like</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A dramatic performance; <as>as, a theatrical <ex>representation</ex>; a <ex>representation</ex> of Hamlet.</as></def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A description or statement; <as>as, the <ex>representation</ex> of an historian, of a witness, or an advocate</as>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The body of those who act as representatives of a community or society; <as>as, the <ex>representation</ex> of a State in Congress</as>.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Insurance Law)</fld> <def>Any collateral statement of fact, made orally or in writing, by which an estimate of the risk is affected, or either party is influenced.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of being represented.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Description; show; delineaton; portraiture; likeness; resemblance; exhibition; sight.</syn>

<h1>Re-presentation</h1>
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<hw>Re-pres`en*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(r?-prez`?n-t?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Re-present</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of re-presenting, or the state of being presented again; a new presentation; <as>as, <ex>re-presentation</ex> of facts previously stated</as>.</def>

<h1>Representationary</h1>
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<hw>Rep`re*sen*ta"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(r?p`r?--z?n-t?"sh?n-?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Implying representation; representative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Representative</h1>
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<hw>Rep`re*sent"a*tive</hw> <tt>(-z?nt`?-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>repr<?/sentatif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fitted to represent; exhibiting a similitude.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Bearing the character or power of another; acting for another or others; <as>as, a council <ex>representative</ex> of the people</as>.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Conducted by persons chosen to represent, or act as deputies for, the people; <as>as, a <ex>representative</ex> government</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Nat.Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Serving or fitted to present the full characters of the type of a group; typical; <as>as, a <ex>representative</ex> genus in a family</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Similar in general appearance, structure, and habits, but living in different regions; -- said of certain species and varieties.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>Giving, or existing as, a transcript of what was originally presentative knowledge; <as>as, <ex>representative</ex> faculties; <ex>representative</ex> knowledge</as>.  See <er>Presentative</er>, 3 and <er>Represent</er>, 8.</def>

<h1>Representative</h1>
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<hw>Rep`re*sent"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>repraesentativus</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, represents (anything); that which exhibits a likeness or similitude.</def>

<blockquote>A statute of Rumor, whispering an idiot in the ear, who was the <b>representative</b> of Credulity.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Difficulty must cumber this doctrine which supposes that the perfections of God are the <b>representatives</b> to us of whatever we perceive in the creatures.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An agent, deputy, or substitute, who supplies the place of another, or others, being invested with his or their authority.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who represents, or stands in the place of, another.</def>

<note>&hand; The executor or administrator is ordinarily held to be the <i>representative</i> of a deceased person, and is sometimes called the <i>legal representative</i>, or the <i>personal representative</i>. The heir is sometimes called the <i>real representative</i> of his deceased ancestor. The heirs and executors or administrators of a deceased person are sometimes compendiously described as his <i>real</i> and <i>personal representatives</i>.</note>

<i> Wharton. Burrill.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A member of the lower or popular house in a State legislature, or in the national Congress.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Nat.Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That which presents the full character of the type of a group.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A species or variety which, in any region, takes the place of a similar one in another region.</def>

<h1>Representatively</h1>
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<hw>Rep`re*sent"a*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a representative manner; vicariously.</def>

<h1>Representativeness</h1>
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<hw>Rep`re*sent"a*tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being representative.</def>

<blockquote>Dr. Burnet observes, that every thought is attended with conssciousness and <b>representativeness</b>.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Representer</h1>
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<hw>Rep`re*sent"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who shows, exhibits, or describes.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A representative.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Representment</h1>
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<hw>Rep`re*sent"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Representation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Repress</h1>
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<hw>Re*press"</hw> <tt>(r?-pr?s")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>press</ets>.]</ety> <def>To press again.</def>

<h1>Repress</h1>
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<hw>Re*press"</hw> <tt>(r?-pr?s")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-  + press</ets>: cf. L. <ets>reprimere</ets>, <ets>repressum</ets>. Cf. <er>Reprimand</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To press back or down effectually; to crush down or out; to quell; to subdue; to supress; <as>as, to <ex>repress</ex> sedition or rebellion; to <ex>repress</ex> the first risings of discontent.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to check; to restrain; to keep back.</def>

<blockquote>Desire of wine and all delicious drinks, . . .
Thou couldst <b>repress</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To crush; overpower; subdue; suppress; restrain; quell; curb; check.</syn>

<h1>Repress</h1>
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<hw>Re*press"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of repressing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Represser</h1>
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<hw>Re*press"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, represses.</def>

<h1>Repressible</h1>
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<hw>Re*press"i*ble</hw> <tt>(-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being repressed.</def>

<h1>Repression</h1>
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<hw>Re*pres"sion</hw> <tt>(r?-pr?sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82pression</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of repressing, or state of being repressed; <as>as, the <ex>repression</ex> of evil and evil doers</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which represses; check; restraint.</def>

<h1>Repressive</h1>
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<hw>Re*press"ive</hw> <tt>(r?-pr?s"?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82pressif</ets>. LL. <ets>repressivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having power, or tending, to repress; <as>as, <ex>repressive</ex> acts or measures</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*press"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Reprevable</h1>
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<hw>Re*prev"a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?-pr?v"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Reprovable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Repreve</h1>
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<hw>Re*preve"</hw> <tt>(r?-pr?v")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Reprieve</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To reprove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Repreve</i> him of his vice."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Repreve</h1>
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<hw>Re*preve"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reproof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Repriefe</h1>
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<hw>Re*priefe"</hw> <tt>(r?-pr?f")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Repreve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Reprieval</h1>
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<hw>Re*priev"al</hw> <tt>(r?-pr?v"<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reprieve.</def>

<i>Overbury.</i>

<h1>Reprieve</h1>
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<hw>Re*prieve</hw> <tt>(r?-pr?v")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. &  p. p.</tt> <er>Reprieved</er> <tt>(-pr?vd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reprieving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>repreven</ets> to reject, disallow, OF. <ets>reprover</ets> to blame, reproach, condemn (pres. <ets>il reprueve</ets>), F. <ets>r\'82prouver</ets> to disapprove, fr. L. <ets>reprobare</ets> to reject, condemn; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>probare</ets> to try, prove. See <er>Prove</er>, <ets>and cf</ets>. <er>Reprove</er>, <er>Reprobate</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To delay the punishment of; to suspend the execution of sentence on; to give a respite to; to respite; <as>as, to <ex>reprieve</ex> a criminal for thirty days</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>reprieves</b> the sinnner from time to time.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To relieve for a time, or temporarily.</def>

<blockquote>Company, thought it may <b>reprieve</b> a man from his melaneholy yet can not secure him from his conscience.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1222">
Page 1222<p>

<h1>Reprieve</h1>
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<hw>Re*prieve"</hw> <tt>(r?-pr?v")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A temporary suspension of the execution of a sentence, especially of a sentence of death.</def>

<blockquote>The morning Sir John Hotham was to die, a <b>reprieve</b> was sent to suspend the execution for three days.

<i>Clarendon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Interval of ease or relief; respite.</def>

<blockquote>All that I ask is but a short <b>reprieve</b>,
ll I forget to love, and learn to grieve.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reprimand</h1>
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<hw>Rep"ri*mand</hw> <tt>(r?p"r?-m?nd)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82primande</ets>, <ets>fr</ets>. L. <ets>reprimendus</ets>, <ets>reprimenda</ets>, that is to be checked or suppressed, fr. <ets>reprimere</ets> to check, repress; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re + <ets>premere</ets> to press. See <er>Press</er>, and cf. <er>Repress</er>.]</ety> <def>Severe or formal reproof; reprehension, private or public.</def>

<blockquote>Goldsmith gave his landlady a sharp <b>reprimand</b> for her treatment of him.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reprimand</h1>
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<hw>Rep"ri*mand</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reprimanded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reprimanding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82primander</ets>. See <er>Reprimand</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To reprove severely; to reprehend; to chide for a fault; to consure formally.</def>

<blockquote>Germanicus was severely <b>reprimanded</b> by Tiberius for traveling into Egypt without his permission.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reprove publicly and officially, in execution of a sentence; <as>as, the court ordered him to be <ex>reprimanded</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To reprove; reprehend; chide; rebuke; censure; blame. See <er>Reprove</er>.</syn>

<h1>Reprimander</h1>
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<hw>Rep"ri*mand`er</hw> <tt>(-m?nd`?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reprimands.</def>

<h1>Reprimer</h1>
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<hw>Re*prim"er</hw> <tt>(r?-pr?m"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Firearms)</fld> <def>A machine or implement for applying fresh primers to spent cartridge shells, so that the shells be used again.</def>

<h1>Reprint</h1>
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<hw>Re*print"</hw> <tt>(r?-pr?nt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To print again; to print a second or a new edition of.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To renew the impression of.</def>

<blockquote>The whole business of our redemption is . . . to <b>reprint</b> God's image upon the soul.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reprint</h1>
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<hw>Re"print`</hw> <tt>(r?"pr?nt`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second or a new impression or edition of any printed work; specifically, the publication in one country of a work previously published in another.</def>

<h1>Reprinter</h1>
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<hw>Re*print"er</hw> <tt>(r?-pr?nt"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reprints.</def>

<h1>Reprisal</h1>
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<hw>Re*pris"al</hw> <tt>(r?-priz"<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>repr<?/saille</ets>, It.  <ets>ripresaglia</ets>, <ets>rappresaglia</ets>, LL. <ets>reprensaliae</ets>, fr. L. <ets>reprehendere</ets>, <ets>reprehensum</ets>. See <er>Reprehend</er>, <er>Reprise</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of taking from an enemy by way of reteliation or indemnity.</def>

<blockquote>Debatable ground, on which incursions and <b>reprisals</b> continued to take place.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Anything taken from an enemy in retaliation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of retorting on an enemy by inflicting suffering or death on a prisoner taken from him, in retaliation for an act of inhumanity.</def>

<i>Vattel (Trans. )</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any act of retaliation.</def>

<i>Waterland.</i>

<cs><col>Letters of marque and reprisal</col>. <cd>See under <er>Marque</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reprise</h1>
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<hw>Re*prise"</hw> <tt>(r?-pr?z")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>reprise</ets>, fr. <ets>reprendre</ets>, <ets>repris</ets>, to take back, L. <ets>reprehendere</ets>. See <er>Reprehend</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>A taking by way of retaliation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Deductions and duties paid yearly out of a manor and lands, as rent charge, rent seck, pensions, annuities, and the like.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>reprizes</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A ship recaptured from an enemy or from a pirate.</def>

<h1>Reprise</h1>
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<hw>Re*prise"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>reprize</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take again; to retake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To recompense; to pay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Repristinate</h1>
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<hw>Re*pris"tin*ate</hw> <tt>(r?-pr?s"t?n-?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets>  + <ets>pristine</ets>.]</ety> <def>To restore to an original state.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shedd.</i>

<h1>Repristination</h1>
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<hw>Re*pris`ti*na"tion</hw> <tt>(-t?-n?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Restoration to an original state; renewal of purity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>R. Browning.</i>

<h1>Reprive</h1>
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<hw>Re*prive"</hw> <tt>(r?-pr?v")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + L. <ets>privare</ets> to deprive.]</ety> <def>To take back or away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Reprive</h1>
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<hw>Re*prive"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reprieve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Reprize</h1>
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<hw>Re*prize"</hw> <tt>(-pr?z")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Reprise</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Reprizes</h1>
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<hw>Re*priz"es</hw> <tt>(-pr?z"?z)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Repise</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.</def>

<h1>Reproach</h1>
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<hw>Re*proach"</hw> <tt>(r?-pr?ch")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reproached</er> <tt>(-pr?cht")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reproaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>reprocher</ets>, OF. <ets>reprochier</ets>, (assumed) LL. <ets>reproriare</ets>; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> again, against, back + <ets>prope</ets> near; hence, originally, to bring near to, throw in one's teeth. Cf. <er>Approach</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To come back to, or come home to, as a matter of blame; to bring shame or disgrace upon; to disgrace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I thought your marriage fit; else imputation,
For that he knew you, might <b>reproach</b> your life.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To attribute blame to; to allege something disgracefull against; to charge with a fault; to censure severely or contemptuously; to upbraid.</def>

<blockquote>If ye be <b>reproached</b> for the name of Christ.
<i>1 Peter iv. 14.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That this newcomer, Shame,
There sit not, and <b>reproach</b> us as unclean.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Mezentius . . . with his ardor warmed
His fainting friends, <b>reproached</b> their shameful flight.
Repelled the victors.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To upbraid; censure; blame; chide; rebuke; condemn; revile; vilify.</syn>

<h1>Reproach</h1>
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<hw>Re*proach"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>reproche</ets>. See <er>Reproach</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reproaching; censure mingled with contempt; contumelious or opprobrious language toward any person; abusive reflections; <as>as, severe <ex>reproach</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>No <b>reproaches</b> even, even when pointed and barbed with the sharpest wit, appeared to give him pain.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Give not thine heritage to <b>reproach</b>.
<i>Joel ii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cause of blame or censure; shame; disgrace.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An object of blame, censure, scorn, or derision.</def>

<blockquote>Come, and let us build up the wall of Jerusalem, that we be no more a <b>reproach</b>.
<i>Neh. ii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Disrepute; discredit; dishonor; opprobrium; invective; contumely; reviling; abuse; vilification; scurrility; insolence; insult; scorn; contempt; ignominy; shame; scandal;; disgrace; infamy.</syn>

<h1>Reproachablr</h1>
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<hw>Re*proach"a*blr</hw> <tt>(-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>reprochable</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Deserving reproach; censurable.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Opprobrius; scurrilous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Elyot.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*proach"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Re*proach"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Reproacher</h1>
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<hw>Re*proach"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reproaches.</def>

<h1>Reproachful</h1>
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<hw>Re*proach"ful</hw> <tt>(-f?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Expressing or containing reproach; upbraiding; opprobrious; abusive.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>reproachful</b> speeches . . .
That he hath breathed in my dishonor here.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Occasioning or deserving reproach; shameful; base; <as>as, a <ex>reproachful</ex> life</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Opprobrious; contumelious; abusive; offensive; insulting; contemptuous; scornful; insolent; scurrilous; disreputable; discreditable; dishonorable; shameful; disgraceful; scandalous; base; vile; infamous.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*proach"ful*ly</wf> <tt>(r<?/-pr<?/ch"f<?/l-l<?/)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*proach"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Reproachless</h1>
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<hw>Re*proach"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being without reproach.</def>

<h1>Repprobacy</h1>
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<hw>Repp"ro*ba*cy</hw> <tt>(r?p"r?-b?-c?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reprobation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Reprobance</h1>
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<hw>Rep"ro*bance</hw> <tt>(-b<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reprobation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Reprobate</h1>
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<hw>Rep"ro*bate</hw> <tt>(-b?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>reprobatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reprobare</ets> to disapprove, condemn. See <er>Reprieve</er>, <er>Reprove</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Not enduring proof or trial; not of standard purity or fineness; disallowed; rejected.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Reprobate</b> silver shall men call them, because the Lord hath rejected them.
<i>Jer. vi. 30.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Abandoned to punishment; hence, morally abandoned and lost; given up to vice; depraved.</def>

<blockquote>And strength, and art, are easily outdone
By spirits <b>reprobate</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to one who is given up to wickedness; <as>as, <ex>reprobate</ex> conduct</as>.</def> "<i>Reprobate</i> desire."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Abandoned; vitiated; depraved; corrupt; wicked; profligate; base; vile. See <er>Abandoned</er>.</syn>

<h1>Reprobate</h1>
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<hw>Rep"ro*bate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One morally abandoned and lost.</def>

<blockquote>I acknowledge myself for a <b>reprobate</b>, a villain, a traitor to the king.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reprobate</h1>
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<hw>Rep"ro*bate</hw> <tt>(-b?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reprobated</er> <tt>(-b?`t?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reprobating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To disapprove with detestation or marks of extreme dislike; to condemn as unworthy; to disallow; to reject.</def>

<blockquote>Such an answer as this is <b>reprobated</b> and disallowed of in law; I do not believe it, unless the deed appears.
<i>Ayliffe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Every scheme, every person, recommended by one of them, was <b>reprobated</b> by the other.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To abandon to punishment without hope of pardon.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To condemn; reprehend; censure; disown; abandon; reject.</syn>

<h1>Reprobateness</h1>
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<hw>Rep"ro*bate*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being reprobate.</def>

<h1>Reprobater</h1>
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<hw>Rep"ro*ba`ter</hw> <tt>(-b?`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reprobates.</def>

<h1>Reprobation</h1>
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<hw>Rep`ro*ba"tion</hw> <tt>(-b?`sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82probation</ets>, or L. <ets>reprobatio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reprobating; the state of being reprobated; strong disapproval or censure.</def>

<blockquote>The profligate pretenses upon which he was perpetually soliciting an increase of his disgraceful stipend are mentioned with becoming <b>reprobation</b>.
<i>Jeffrey.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Set a brand of <b>reprobation</b> on clipped poetry and false coin.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The predestination of a certain number of the human race as reprobates, or objects of condemnation and punishment.</def>

<h1>Reprobationer</h1>
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<hw>Rep`ro*ba"tion*er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>One who believes in reprobation. See <er>Reprobation</er>,<er>2</er>.</def>

<i> South.</i>

<h1>Reprobative</h1>
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<hw>Rep"ro*ba*tive</hw> <tt>(-b?-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to reprobation; expressing reprobation.</def>

<h1>Reprobatory</h1>
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<hw>Rep"ro*ba`to*ry</hw> <tt>(-b?`t?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Reprobative.</def>

<h1>Reproduce</h1>
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<hw>Re`pro*duce"</hw> <tt>(r?`pr?-d?s")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To produce again.</def> Especially: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To bring forward again; <as>as, to <ex>reproduce</ex> a witness; to <ex>reproduce</ex> charges; to <ex>reproduce</ex> a play</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To cause to exist again.</def>

<blockquote>Those colors are unchangeable, and whenever all those rays with those their colors are mixed again they <b>reproduce</b> the same white light as before.
<i>Sir I. Newton.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To produce again, by generation or the like; to cause the existence of (something of the same class, kind, or nature as another thing); to generate or beget, as offspring; <as>as, to <ex>reproduce</ex> a rose; some animals are <ex>reproduced</ex> by gemmation</as>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>To make an image or other representation of; to portray; to cause to exist in the memory or imagination; to make a copy of; <as>as, to <ex>reproduce</ex> a person's features in marble, or on canvas; to <ex>reproduce</ex> a design</as>.</def>

<h1>Reproducer</h1>
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<hw>Re`pro*du"cer</hw> <tt>(-d?"s?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, reproduces.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Reproduction</h1>
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<hw>Re`pro*duc"tion</hw> <tt>(-d?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>reproduction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of reproducing; the state of being reproduced</def>; specifically <fld>(Biol.)</fld>, <def>the process by which plants and animals give rise to offspring.</def>

<note>&hand; There are two distinct methods of reproduction; viz.: <stype>asexual reproduction</stype> (agamogenesis) and <stype>sexual reproduction</stype> (gamogenesis). In both cases the new individual is developed from detached portions of the parent organism. In asexual reproduction (gemmation, fission, etc.), the detached portions of the organism develop into new individuals without the intervention of other living matter. In sexual reproduction, the detached portion, which is always a single cell, called the <i>female germ cell</i>, is acted upon by another portion of living matter, the <i>male germ cell</i>, usually from another organism, and in the fusion of the two (impregnation) a new cell is formed, from the development of which arises a new individual.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is reproduced.</def>

<h1>Reproductive</h1>
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<hw>Re`pro*duc"tive</hw> <tt>(-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>reproductif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending, or pertaining, to reproduction; employed in reproduction.</def>

<i>Lyell.</i>

<h1>Reproductory</h1>
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<hw>Re`pro*duc"to*ry</hw> <tt>(-t?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Reproductive.</def>

<h1>Reproof</h1>
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<hw>Re*proof"</hw> <tt>(r?-pr??f")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>reproef</ets>. See <er>Proof</er>, <er>Reprove</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Refutation; confutation; contradiction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An expression of blame or censure; especially, blame expressed to the face; censure for a fault; chiding; reproach.</def>

<blockquote>Those best can bear <b>reproof</b> who merit praise.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Admonition; reprehension; chiding; reprimand; rebuke; censure; blame. See <er>Admonition</er>.</syn>

<h1>Reprovable</h1>
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<hw>Re*prov"a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?-pr??v"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r<'82prouvable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Worthy of reproof or censure.</def>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Blamable; blameworthy; censurable; reprehensible; culpable; rebukable.</syn>

--<wordforms><wf>Re*prov"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Re*prov"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Re proval</h1>
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<hw>Re prov"al</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reproof.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<h1>Reprove</h1>
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<hw>Re*prove"</hw> <tt>(r?-pr??v")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reproved</er> <tt>(-pr??vd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reproving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82prouver</ets>, OF. <ets>reprover</ets>, fr. L. <ets>reprobare</ets>. See <er>Reprieve</er>, <er>Reprobate</er>, and cf. <er>Reproof</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To convince.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When he is come, he will <b>reprove</b> the world of sin, and of righteousness, and of judgment.
<i>John xvi. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To disprove; to refute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote><b>Reprove</b> my allegation, if you can.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To chide to the face as blameworthy; to accuse as guilty; to censure.</def>

<blockquote>What if thy son

<blockquote>Prove disobedient, and, <b>reproved</b>, retort,
"Wherefore didst thou beget me?"
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To express disapprobation of; <as>as, to <ex>reprove</ex> faults</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He neither <b>reproved</b> the ordinance of John, neither plainly condemned the fastings of the other men.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To reprehend; chide; rebuke; scold; blame censure.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Reprove</er>, <er>Rebuke</er>, <er>Reprimand</er>. These words all signufy the expression of disapprobation. To <i>reprove</i> implies greater calmness and self-possession. To <i>rebuke</i> implies a more excited and personal feeling. A <i>reproof</i> may be administered long after the offience is committed, and is usually intended for the reformation of the offender; a <i>rebuke</i> is commonly given at the moment of the wrong, and is administered by way of punishment and condemnation. A <i>reprimand</i> proceeds from a person invested with authority, and is a formal and offiscial act. A child is <i>reproved</i> for his faults, and <i>rebuked</i> for his impudence. A military officer is <i>reprimanded</i> for neglect or violation of duty.</usage>

<h1>Reprover</h1>
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<hw>Re*prov"er</hw> <tt>(r?-pr??v"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, reproves.</def>

<h1>Reprovingly</h1>
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<hw>Re*prov"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a reproving manner.</def>

<h1>Reprine</h1>
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<hw>Re*prine"</hw> <tt>(r?-pr?n")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To prune again or anew.</def>

<blockquote>Yet soon <b>reprunes</b> her wing to soar anew.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rep-silver</h1>
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<hw>Rep"-sil`ver</hw> <tt>(r?p"s?l`v?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Reap</er>.]</ety> <def>Money anciently paid by servile tenants to their lord, in lieu of the customary service of reaping his corn or grain.</def>

<h1>Reptant</h1>
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<hw>Rep"tant</hw> <tt>(r?p"t<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reptans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>reptare</ets>, v. intens. from <ets>repere</ets> to creep. See <er>Reptile</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Repent</er>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Creeping; crawling; -- said of reptiles, worms, etc.</def>

<h1>Reptantia</h1>
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<hw>Rep*tan"ti*a</hw> <tt>(r?p-t?n"sh?-?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A divisiom of gastropods; the Pectinibranchiata.</def>

<h1>Reptation</h1>
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<hw>Rep*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(r?p-t?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reptatio</ets>, from <ets>reptare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>reptation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The act of creeping.</def>

<h1>Reptatory</h1>
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<hw>Rep"ta*to*ry</hw> <tt>(r?p"t?-t?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Creeping.</def>

<h1>Reptile</h1>
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<hw>Rep"tile</hw> <tt>(r?p"t?l;277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>reptile</ets>, L. <ets>reptilis</ets>, fr. <ets>repere</ets>, <ets>reptum</ets>, to creep; cf. Lith. <ets>reploti</ets>; perh. akin to L. <ets>serpere</ets>. Cf. <er>Serpent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Creeping; moving on the belly, or by means of small and short legs.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: Groveling; low; vulgar; <as>as, a <ex>reptile</ex> race or crew; <ex>reptile</ex> vices.</as></def>

<blockquote>There is also a false, <b>reptile</b> prudence, the result not of caution, but of fear.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And dislodge their <b>reptile</b> souls
From the bodies and forms of men.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reptile</h1>
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<hw>Rep"tile</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal that crawls, or moves on its belly, as snakes,, or by means of small, short legs, as lizards, and the like.</def>

<blockquote>An inadvertent step may crush the snail
That crawls at evening in the public path;
But he that has humanity, forewarned,
Will tread aside, and let the <b>reptile</b> live.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Reptilia, or one of the Amphibia.</def>

<note>&hand; The amphibians were formerly classed with Reptilia, and are still popularly called <i>reptiles</i>, though much more closely allied to the fishes.</note>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A groveling or very mean person.</def>

<h1>Reptilia</h1>
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<hw>Rep*til"i*a</hw> <tt>(r?p-t?l"?-?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of air-breathing oviparous vertebrates, usually covered with scales or bony plates. The heart generally has two auricles and one ventricle. The development of the young is the same as that of birds.</def>

<note>&hand; It is nearly related in many respects to Aves, or birds. The principal existing orders are Testidunata or Chelonia (turtles), Crocodilia, Lacertilla (lizards), Ophidia (serpents), and Rhynchocephala; the chief extinct orders are Dinosauria, Theremorpha, Mosasauria, Pterosauria, Plesiosauria, Ichtyosauria.</note>

<h1>Reptilian</h1>
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<hw>Rep*til"i*an</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Belonging to the reptiles.</def>

<cs><col>Reptilian age</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>that part of geological time comprising the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods, and distinguished as that era in which the class of reptiles attained its highest expansion; -- called also the <altname>Secondary</altname> or <altname>Mezozoic</altname> age.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reptilian</h1>
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<hw>Rep*til"i*an</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Reptilia; a reptile.</def>

<h1>Republic</h1>
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<hw>Re*pub"lic</hw> <tt>(r?-p?b"l?k)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82publique</ets>, L. <ets>respublica</ets> commonwealth; <ets>res</ets> a thing, an affair + <ets>publicus</ets>, <ets>publica</ets>, public. See <er>Real</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and <er>Public</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Common weal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state in which the sovereign power resides in the whole body of the people, and is exercised by representatives elected by them; a commonwealth. Cf. <er>Democracy</er>, 2.</def>

<note>&hand; In some ancient states called republics the sovereign power was exercised by an hereditary aristocracy or a privileged few, constituting a government now distinctively called an <i>aristocracy</i>. In some there was a division of authority between an aristocracy and the whole body of the people except slaves. No existing republic recognizes an exclusive privilege of any class to govern, or tolerates the institution of slavery.</note>


<cs><col>Republic of letters</col>, <cd>The collective body of literary or learned men.</cd></cs>
<-- Democratic republic, a term much used by countries with a Communist system of government. -->

<h1>Republican</h1>
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<hw>Re*pub"lic*an</hw> <tt>(-l?-k<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82publicain</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a republic.</def>

<blockquote>The Roman emperors were <b>republican</b> magistrates named by the senate.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consonant with the principles of a republic; <as>as, <ex>republican</ex> sentiments or opinions; <ex>republican</ex> manners.</as></def>

<cs><col>Republican party</col>. <fld>(U.S. Politics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>An earlier name of the Democratic party when it was opposed to the Federal party. Thomas Jefferson was its great leader.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>One of the existing great parties. It was organized in 1856 by a combination of voters from other parties for the purpose of opposing the extension of slavery, and in 1860 it elected Abraham Lincoln president.</cd></cs>

<hr>
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<h1>Republican</h1>
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<hw>Re*pub"lic*an</hw> <tt>(r?-p?b"l?-k<it>a</it>n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who favors or prefers a republican form of government.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(U.S.Politics)</fld> <def>A member of the Republican party.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The American cliff swallow. The cliff swallows build their nests side by side, many together.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A South African weaver bird (<spn>Philet\'91rus socius</spn>). These weaver birds build many nests together, under a large rooflike shelter, which they make of straw.</def>

<cs><col>Red republican</col>. <cd>See under <er>Red</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Republicanism</h1>
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<hw>Re*pub"lic*an*ism</hw> <tt>(-?z'm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82publicanisme</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A republican form or system of government; the principles or theory of republican government.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Attachment to, or political sympathy for, a republican form of government.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The principles and policy of the Republican party, so called</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<h1>Republicanize</h1>
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<hw>Re*pub"lic*an*ize</hw> <tt>(-?z)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Republicanized</er> <tt>(-?zd)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Republicanizing</er> <tt>(-?`z?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82publicaniser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To change, as a state, into a republic; to republican principles; <as>as, France was <ex>republicanized</ex>; to <ex>republicanize</ex> the rising generation.</as></def>

<i>D. Ramsay.</i>

<h1>Republicate</h1>
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<hw>Re*pub"li*cate</hw> <tt>(r?*p?b"l?*k?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>republicare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make public again; to republish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Republication</h1>
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<hw>Re*pub`li*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(r?-p?b`l?-k?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second publication, or a new publication of something before published, as of a former will, of a volume already published, or the like; specifically, the publication in one country of a work first issued in another; a reprint.</def>

<blockquote>If there be many testaments, the last overthrows all the former; but the <b>republication</b> of a former will revokes one of a later date, and establishes the first.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Republish</h1>
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<hw>Re*pub"lish</hw> <tt>(r?-p?b"l?sh)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Republished</er> <tt>(-l?sht)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Republishing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To publish anew; specifically, to publish in one country (a work first published in another); also, to revive (a will) by re<?/xecution or codicil.</def>

<blockquote>Subsecquent to the purchase or contract, the devisor <b>republished</b> his will.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Republisher</h1>
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<hw>Re*pub"lish*er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who republishes.</def>

<h1>Repudiable</h1>
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<hw>Re*pu"di*a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?-p?"d?-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Repudilate</er>.]</ety> <def>Admitting of repudiation; fit or proper to be put away.</def>

<h1>Repudiate</h1>
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<hw>Re*pu"di*ate</hw> <tt>(-?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Repudiated</er> <tt>(-?`t?d)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Repudiating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>repudiatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>repudiare</ets> to repudiate, reject, fr. <ets>repudium</ets> separation, divorce; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>pudere</ets> to be ashamed.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To cast off; to disavow; to have nothing to do with; to renounce; to reject.</def>

<blockquote>Servitude is to be <b>repudiated</b> with greater care.
<i>Prynne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To divorce, put away, or discard, as a wife, or a woman one has promised to marry.</def>

<blockquote>His separation from Terentis, whom he <b>repudiated</b> not long afterward.
<i>Bolingbroke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To refuse to acknowledge or to pay; to disclaim; <as>as, the State has <ex>repudiated</ex> its debts</as>.</def>

<h1>Repudiation</h1>
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<hw>Re*pu`di*a"tion</hw> <tt>(-\'b5"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>r\'82pudiation</ets>, L. <ets>repudiatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of repudiating, or the state of being repuddiated; <as>as, the <ex>repudiation</ex> of a doctrine, a wife, a debt, etc.</as></def>

<h1>Repudiation</h1>
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<hw>Re*pu`di*a"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who favors repudiation, especially of a public debt.</def>

<h1>Repudiator</h1>
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<hw>Re*pu"di*a`tor</hw> <tt>(r?-p?"d?-?`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a rejecter, contemner.]</ety> <def>One who repudiates.</def>

<h1>Repugn</h1>
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<hw>Re*pugn"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?n")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82pugner</ets>, L. <ets>repugnare</ets>, <ets>repugnatum</ets>; pref. <ets>re- + pugnare</ets> to fight. See <er>Pugnacious</er>.]</ety> <def>To fight against; to oppose; to resist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Stubbornly he did <b>repugn</b> the truth.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Repugnable</h1>
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<hw>Re*pug"na*ble</hw> <tt>(r?-p?g"n?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being repugned or resisted.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. North.</i>

<h1>Repugnance -n<it>a</it>ns, Repugnancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Re*pug"nance</hw> <tt>(-n<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <hw>Re*pug"nan*cy</hw> <tt>(-n<it>a</it>n-s?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82pugnance</ets>, L. <ets>repugnantia</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or condition of being repugnant; opposition; contrariety; especially, a strong instinctive antagonism; aversion; reluctance; unwillingness, as of mind, passions, principles, qualities, and the like.</def>

<blockquote>That which causes us to lose most of our time is the <b>repugnance</b> which we naturally have to labor.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let the foes quietly cut their throats,
Without <b>repugnancy</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Aversion; reluctance; unwillingness; dislike; antipathy; hatred; hostility; irreconcilableness; contrariety; inconsistency. See <er>Dislike</er>.</syn>

<h1>Repugnant</h1>
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<hw>Re*pug"nant</hw> <tt>(-n<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82pugnant</ets>, or L. <ets>repugnans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>repugnare</ets>. See <er>Repugn</er>.]</ety> <def>Disposed to fight against; hostile; at war with; being at variance; contrary; inconsistent; refractory; disobedient; also, distasteful in a high degree; offensive; -- usually followed by <i>to</i>, rarely and less properly by <i>with</i>; <as>as, all rudeness was <ex>repugnant</ex> to her nature</as>.</def>

<blockquote>[His sword] <b>repugnant</b> to command.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is no breach of a divine law but is more or less <b>repugnant</b> unto the will of the Lawgiver, God himself.
<i>Perkins.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Opposite; opposed; adverse; contrary; inconsistent; irreconcilable; hostile; inimical.</syn>

<h1>Repugnantly</h1>
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<hw>Re*pug"nant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a repugnant manner.</def>

<h1>Repugnate</h1>
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<hw>Re*pug"nate</hw> <tt>(-n?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>repugnare</ets>. See <er>Repugn</er>.]</ety> <def>To oppose; to fight against.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Repugner</h1>
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<hw>Re*pugn"er</hw> <tt>(r?-p?n"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who repugns.</def>

<h1>Repullulate</h1>
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<hw>Re*pul"lu*late</hw> <tt>(r?-p?l"l?-l?t)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>repullulare</ets>, <ets>repullulatum</ets>. See <er>Pullulate</er>.]</ety> <def>To bud again.</def>

<blockquote>Though tares <b>repullulate</b>, there is wheat still left in the field.
<i>Howell.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Repullulation</h1>
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<hw>Re*pul`lu*la"tion</hw> <tt>(r?-p?l`l?-l?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of budding again; the state of having budded again.</def>

<h1>Repulse</h1>
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<hw>Re*pulse"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?ls")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Repulsed</er> <tt>(-p?lst")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Repulsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>repulsus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>repellere</ets>. See <er>Repel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To repel; to beat or drive back; <as>as, to <ex>repulse</ex> an assault; to <ex>repulse</ex> the enemy.</as></def>

<blockquote>Complete to have discovered and <b>repulsed</b>
Whatever wiles of foe or seeming friend.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To repel by discourtesy, coldness, or denial; to reject; to send away; <as>as, to <ex>repulse</ex> a suitor or a proffer</as>.</def>

<h1>Repulse</h1>
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<hw>Re*pulse"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>repulsa</ets>, fr. <ets>repellere</ets>, <ets>repulsum</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of repelling or driving back; also, the state of being repelled or driven back.</def>

<blockquote>By fate repelled, and with <b>repulses</b> tired.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He received in the <b>repulse</b> of Tarquin seven hurts in the body.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Figuratively: Refusal; denial; rejection; failure.</def>

<h1>Repulseless</h1>
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<hw>Re*pulse"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not capable of being repulsed.</def>

<h1>Repulser</h1>
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<hw>Re*puls"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who repulses, or drives back.</def>

<h1>Repulsion</h1>
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<hw>Re*pul"sion</hw> <tt>(r?-p?l"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>repulsio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82pulsion</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of repulsing or repelling, or the state of being repulsed or repelled.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A feeling of violent offence or disgust; repugnance.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The power, either inherent or due to some physical action, by which bodies, or the particles of bodies, are made to recede from each other, or to resist each other's nearer approach; <as>as, molecular <ex>repulsion</ex>; electrical <ex>repulsion</ex>.</as></def>

<h1>Repulsive</h1>
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<hw>Re*pul"sive</hw> <tt>(-s?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82pulsif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Serving, or able, to repulse; repellent; <as>as, a <ex>repulsive</ex> force</as>.</def>

<blockquote><b>Repulsive</b> of his might the weapon stood.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Cold; forbidding; offensive; <as>as, <ex>repulsive</ex> manners</as>.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*pul"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*pul"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Repulsory</h1>
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<hw>Re*pul"so*ry</hw> <tt>(-s?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>repulsorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Repulsive; driving back.</def>

<h1>Repurchase</h1>
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<hw>Re*pur"chase</hw> <tt>(r?*p?r"ch?s; 48)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To buy back or again; to regain by purchase.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Repurchase</h1>
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<hw>Re*pur"chase</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of repurchasing.</def>

<h1>Repurify</h1>
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<hw>Re*pu"ri*fy</hw> <tt>(r?-p?"r?-f?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To purify again.</def>

<h1>Reputable</h1>
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<hw>Rep"u*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(r?p"?-t?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Repute</er>.]</ety> <def>Having, or worthy of, good repute; held in esteem; honorable; praiseworthy; <as>as, a <ex>reputable</ex> man or character; <ex>reputable</ex> conduct.</as></def>

<blockquote>In the article of danger, it is as <b>reputable</b> to elude an enemy as defeat one.
<i>Broome.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Respectable; creditable; estimable.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rep"u ta*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Rep"u*ta*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Reputation</h1>
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<hw>Rep`u*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(-t?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82putation</ets>, L. <ets>reputatio</ets> a reckoning, consideration. See <er>Repute</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The estimation in which one is held; character in public opinion; the character attributed to a person, thing, or action; repute.</def>

<blockquote>The best evidence of <b>reputation</b> is a man's whole life.
<i>Ames.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The character imputed to a person in the community in which he lives. It is admissible in evidence when he puts his character in issue, or when such reputation is otherwise part of the issue of a case.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Specifically: Good reputation; favorable regard; public esteem; general credit; good name.</def>

<blockquote>I see my <b>reputation</b> is at stake.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The security of his <b>reputation</b> or good name.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Account; value.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>[/Christ] made himself of no <b>reputation</b>.
<i>Phil. ii. 7.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Credit; repute; regard; estimation; esteem; honor; fame.  See the Note under <er>Character</er>.</syn>

<h1>Reputatively</h1>
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<hw>Re*put"a*tive*ly</hw> <tt>(r?-p?t"?-t?v-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By repute.</def>

<h1>Repute</h1>
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<hw>Re*pute"</hw> <tt>(r?-p?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reputed</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reputing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82puter</ets>, L. <ets>reputare</ets> to count over, think over; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>putare</ets> to count, think. See <er>Putative</er>.]</ety> <def>To hold in thought; to account; to estimate; to hold; to think; to reckon.</def>

<blockquote>Wherefore are we counted as beasts, and <b>reputed</b> vile in your sight?
<i>Job xviii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The king your father was <b>reputed</b> for
A prince most prudent.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Repute</h1>
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<hw>Re*pute"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Character reputed or attributed; reputation, whether good or bad; established opinion; public estimate.</def>

<blockquote>He who regns
Monarch in heaven, till then as one secure
Sat on his throne, upheld by old <b>repute</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically: Good character or reputation; credit or honor derived from common or public opinion; -- opposed to <i>disrepute</i>.</def> "Dead stocks, which have been of <i>repute</i>."

<i>F. Beaumont.</i>

<h1>Reputedly</h1>
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<hw>Re*put"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(r?-p?t"?d-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In common opinion or estimation; by repute.</def>

<h1>Reputeless</h1>
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<hw>Re*pute"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Not having good repute; disreputable; disgraceful; inglorius.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Requere</h1>
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<hw>Re*quere"</hw> <tt>(r?--kw?r")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To require.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Request</h1>
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<hw>Re*quest"</hw> <tt>(r?-kw\'b5st")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>requeste</ets>, OF. <ets>requeste</ets>, F. <ets>requ<?/te</ets>, LL. <ets>requesta</ets>, for <ets>requisita</ets>, fr. L. <ets>requirere</ets>, <ets>requisitum</ets>, to seek again, ask for. See <er>Require</er>, and cf. <er>Quest</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of asking for anything desired; expression of desire or demand; solicitation; prayer; petition; entreaty.</def>

<blockquote>I will marry her, sir, at your <b>request</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is asked for or requested.</def> "He gave them their <i>request</i>."

<i>Ps. cvi. 15.</i>

<blockquote>I will both hear and grant you your <b>requests</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A state of being desired or held in such estimation as to be sought after or asked for; demand.</def>

<blockquote>Knowledge and fame were in as great <b>request</b> as wealth among us now.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Court of Requests</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A local tribunal, sometimes called <altname>Court of Consience</altname>, founded by act of Parliament to facilitate the recovery of small debts from any inhabitant or trader in the district defined by the act; -- now mostly abolished</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A court of equity for the relief of such persons as addressed the sovereign by supplication; -- now abolished. It was inferior to the Court of Chancery.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd> <i>Brande & C.</i></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Asking; solicitation; petition; prayer; supplication; entreaty; suit.</syn>

<h1>Request</h1>
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<hw>Re*quest"</hw> <tt>(r?-kw?st")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Requested</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Requesting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>requester</ets>, F. <ets>requ&ecir;ter</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To ask for (something); to express desire ffor; to solicit; <as>as, to <ex>request</ex> his presence, or a favor</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To address with a request; to ask.</def>

<blockquote>I <b>request</b> you
To give my poor host freedom.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To ask; solicit; entreat; beseech. See <er>Beg</er>.</syn>

<h1>Requester</h1>
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<hw>Re*quest"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who requests; a petitioner.</def>

<h1>Requicken</h1>
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<hw>Re*quick"en</hw> <tt>(r?-kw?k"'n)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To quicken anew; to reanimate; to give new life to.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Requiem</h1>
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<hw>Re"qui*em</hw> <tt>(r?"kw?-?m;277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Acc. of L. <ets>requies</ets> rest, the first words of the Mass being "<ets>Requiem</ets> aeternam dona eis, Domine," give eternal rest to them, O lord; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re + <ets>quies</ets> quiet. See <er>Quiet</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Requin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>A mass said or sung for the repose of a departed soul.</def>

<blockquote>We should profane the service of the dead
To sing a <b>requiem</b> and such rest to her
As to peace-parted souls.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any grand musical composition, performed in honor of a deceased person.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Rest; quiet; peace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Else had I an eternal <b>requiem</b> kept,
And in the arms of peace forever slept.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Requietory</h1>
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<hw>Re*qui"e*to*ry</hw> <tt>(r?-kw?"?-t?-r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>requietorium</ets>, fr. <ets>requiescere</ets>, <ets>requietum</ets>, to rest. See <er>Re</er>-, and <er>Quiesce</er>.]</ety> <def>A sepulcher.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Weever.</i>

<h1>Requin</h1>
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<hw>Re"quin</hw> <tt>(r?"kw?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>reqiem</ets> a Mass sung for the dead. See <er>Requiem</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The man-eater, or white shark (<spn>Carcharodon carcharias</spn>); -- so called on account of its causing <i>requiems</i> to be sung.</def>

<h1>Requirable</h1>
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<hw>Re*quir"a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?-kw?r"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being required; proper to be required.</def>

<i>Sir M. Hale.</i>

<h1>Require</h1>
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<hw>Re*quire"</hw> <tt>(r?-kw?r")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Required</er> <tt>(-kw?rd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Requiring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>requeren</ets>, <ets>requiren</ets>, OF. <ets>requerre</ets>, F. <ets>requ<?/rir</ets>; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>quaerere</ets> to ask; cf. L. <ets>requirere</ets>. See <er>Query</er>, and cf. <er>Request</er>, <er>Requisite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To demand; to insist upon having; to claim as by right and authority; to exact; <as>as, to <ex>require</ex> the surrender of property</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Shall I say to C\'91sar
What you <b>require</b> of him?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By nature did what was by law <b>required</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To demand or exact as indispensable; to need.</def>

<blockquote>just gave what life <b>required</b>, and gave no more.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The two last [biographies] <b>require</b> to be particularly noticed.
<i>J. A. Symonds.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To ask as a favor; to request.</def>

<blockquote>I was ashamed to <b>require</b> of the king a band of soldiers and horsemen to help us against the enemy in the way.
<i>Ezra viii. 22.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To claim; exact; enjoin; prescribe; direct; order; demand; need.</syn>

<h1>Requirement</h1>
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<hw>Re*quire"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of requiring; demand; requisition.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is required; an imperative or authoritative command; an essential condition; something needed or necessary; a need.</def>

<blockquote>One of those who believe that they can fill up every <b>requirement</b> contained in the rule of righteousness.
<i>J. M. Mason.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>God gave her the child, and gave her too an instinctive knowledge of its nature and <b>requirements</b>.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Requirer</h1>
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<hw>Re*quir"er</hw> <tt>(-kw?r"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who requires.</def>

<h1>Requisite</h1>
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<hw>Req"ui*site</hw> <tt>(r?k"w?-z?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which is required, or is necessary; something indispensable.</def>

<blockquote>God, on his part, has declared the <b>requisites</b> on ours; what we must do to obtain blessings, is the great business of us all to know.
<i>Wake.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Requisite</h1>
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<hw>Req"ui*site</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>requisitus</ets>, p. p. <ets>requirere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>quaerere</ets> to ask. See <er>Require</er>.]</ety> <def>Required by the nature of things, or by circumstances; <?/<?/ needful that it can not be dispensed with; necessary indispensable.</def>

<blockquote>All truth <b>requisite</b> for men to know.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Necessary; needful; indispensable; essential.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Req"ui*site*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Req"ui*site*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Requisition</h1>
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<hw>Req`ui*si"tion</hw> <tt>(r?k`w?-z?sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82quisition</ets>, L. <ets>requisitio</ets> a searching.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of requiring, as of right; a demand or application made as by authority.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(International Law)</fld> <def>A formal demand made by one state or government upon another for the surrender or extradition of a fugitive from justice</def>. <i>Kent</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A notarial demand of a debt</def>. <i>Wharton</i>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A demand by the invader upon the people of an invaded country for supplies, as of provision, forage, transportation, etc.</def> <i>Farrow</i>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A formal application by one officer to another for things needed in the public service; <as>as, a <ex>requisition</ex> for clothing, troops, or money</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is required by authority; especially, a quota of supplies or necessaries.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A written or normal call; an invitation; a summons; <as>as, a <ex>reqisition</ex> for a public meeting</as>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Requisition</h1>
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<hw>Req`ui*si"tion</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make a reqisition on or for; <as>as, to <ex>requisition</ex> a district for forage; to <ex>requisition</ex> troops</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To present a requisition to; to summon request; <as>as, to <ex>requisition</ex> a person to be a candidate</as>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Requisitionist</h1>
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<hw>Req`ui*si"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes or signs a requisition.</def>

<h1>Requisitive</h1>
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<hw>Re*quis"i*tive</hw> <tt>(r?-kw?z"?-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Expressing or implying demand.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Harris.</i>

<h1>Requisitive</h1>
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<hw>Re*quis"i*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, makes requisition; a requisitionist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Requisitor</h1>
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<hw>Re*quis"i*tor</hw> <tt>(-t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes reqisition; esp., one authorized by a requisition to investigate facts.</def>

<h1>Requisitory</h1>
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<hw>Re*quis"i*to*ry</hw> <tt>(-t?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Sought for; demanded.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Summary on Du Bartas (1621).</i>

<h1>Requitable</h1>
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<hw>Re*quit"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-kw?t"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be requited.</def>

<h1>Requital</h1>
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<hw>Re*quit"al</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Requite</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of requiting; also, that which requites; return, good or bad, for anything done; in a good sense, compensation; recompense; <as>as, the <ex>requital</ex> of services</as>; in a bad sense, retaliation, or punishment; <as>as, the <ex>requital</ex> of evil deeds</as>.</def>

<blockquote>No merit their aversion can remove,
Nor ill <b>requital</b> can efface their love.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1224">
Page 1224<p>

<syn>Syn. -- Compensation; recompense; remuneration; reward; satisfaction; payment; retribution; retaliation; reprisal; punishment.</syn>

<h1>Requite</h1>
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<hw>Re"quite"</hw> <tt>(r?-kw?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Requited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Requiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>quit</ets>.]</ety> <def>To repay; in a good sense, to recompense; to return (an equivalent) in good; to reward; in a bad sense, to retaliate; to return (evil) for evil; to punish.</def>

<blockquote>He can <b>requite</b> thee; for he knows the charma
That call fame on such gentle acts as these.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou hast seen it; for thou beholdest mischief and spite, to <b>requite</b> it with thy hand.
<i>Ps. x. 14.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To repay; reward; pay; compensate; remunerate; satisfy; recompense; punish; revenge.</syn>

<h1>Requitement</h1>
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<hw>Re*quite"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Requital</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Hall.</i>

<h1>Requiter</h1>
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<hw>Re*quit"er</hw> <tt>(-kw?t"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who requites.</def>

<h1>Rerebrace</h1>
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<hw>Rere"brace`</hw> <tt>(r?r"br?s")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arri<?/re-bras</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>Armor for the upper part of the arm.</def>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Reredemain</h1>
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<hw>Rere`de*main"</hw> <tt>(-d?-m?n")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arri<?/re</ets> back + <ets>de</ets> of + <ets>main</ets> hand.]</ety> <def>A backward stroke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reredos</h1>
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<hw>Rere"dos</hw> <tt>(r?r"d?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>rear</ets> + F. <ets>dos</ets> back, L. <ets>dorsum</ets>. Cf. <er>Dorsal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A screen or partition wall behind an altar.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The back of a fireplace.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The open hearth, upon which fires were lighted, immediately under the louver, in the center of ancient halls.</def> <altsp>[Also spelt <asp>reredosse</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Fairholt.</i>

<h1>Rerefief</h1>
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<hw>Rere"fief`</hw> <tt>(r?r"f?f`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>arri\'8are-fief</ets>. See <er>Rear</er> hinder, and <er>Fief</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A fief held of a superior feudatory; a fief held by an under tenant.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Rereign</h1>
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<hw>Re*reign"</hw> <tt>(r?-r?n")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To reign again.</def>

<h1>Re-reiterate</h1>
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<hw>Re`-re*it"er*ate</hw> <tt>(r?`r?-?t"?r-?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reiterate many times.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "My <i>re-reiterated</i> wish."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<h1>Reremouse</h1>
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<hw>Rere"mouse`</hw> <tt>(r?r"mous`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rearmouse.</def>

<h1>Re-resolve</h1>
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<hw>Re`-re*solve"</hw> <tt>(r?`r?-z?lv")</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To resolve again.</def>

<blockquote>Resolves, and <b>re-resolves</b>, then dies the same.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rereward</h1>
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<hw>Rere"ward`</hw> <tt>(r?r"w?rd`)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Rearward</er>.]</ety> <def>The rear quard of an army.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Res</h1>
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<hw>Res</hw> <tt>(r?z)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Res</plw></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A thing; the particular thing; a matter; a point.</def>

<cs><col>Res gest\'91</col> <ety>[L., things done]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the facts which form the environment of a litigated issue. <i>Wharton</i>.</cd> -- <col>Res judicata</col> <mark>[L.]</mark> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a thing adjudicated; a matter no longer open to controversy.</cd></cs>

<h1>Resail</h1>
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<hw>Re*sail"</hw> <tt>(r?-s?l")</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To sail again; also, to sail back, as to a former port.</def>

<h1>Resale</h1>
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<hw>Re*sale"</hw> <tt>(r?-s?l" &or; r?"s?l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A sale at second hand, or at retail; also, a second sale.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Resalgar</h1>
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<hw>Re*sal"gar</hw> <tt>(r?-s?l"g?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Realgar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Resalute</h1>
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<hw>Re`sa*lute"</hw> <tt>(r?`s?-l?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To salute again.</def>

<h1>Resaw</h1>
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<hw>Re*saw"</hw> <tt>(r<?/-s<?/")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To saw again; specifically, to saw a balk, or a timber, which has already been squared, into dimension lumber, as joists, boards, etc.</def>

<h1>Rescat</h1>
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<hw>Res"cat</hw> <tt>(r?s"k?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>rescattar</ets>.]</ety> <def>To ransom; to release; to rescue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Rescat</h1>
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<hw>Res"cat</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>rescate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ransom; release.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rescind</h1>
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<hw>Re*scind"</hw> <tt>(r?-s?nd")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rescinded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rescinding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>rescindere</ets>, <ets>rescissum</ets>; pref <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>scindere</ets> to cut, split: cf. F. <ets>rescinder</ets>. See <er>Shism</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut off; to abrogate; to annul.</def>

<blockquote>The blessed Jesus . . . did sacramentally <b>rescind</b> the impure relics of Adam and the contraction of evil customs.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, to vacate or make void, as an act, by the enacting authority or by superior authority; to repeal; <as>as, to <ex>rescind</ex> a law, a resolution, or a vote; to <ex>rescind</ex> a decree or a judgment.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To revoke; repeal; abrogate; annul; recall; reverse; vacate; void.</syn>

<h1>Rescindable</h1>
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<hw>Re*scind"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being rescinded.</def>

<h1>Rescindment</h1>
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<hw>Re*scind"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of rescinding; rescission.</def>

<h1>Rescission</h1>
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<hw>Re*scis"sion</hw> <tt>(r?-s?zh"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rescissio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rescission</ets>. See <er>Rescind</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of rescinding, abrogating, annulling, or vacating; <as>as, the <ex>rescission of a law</ex>, <ex>decree</ex>, <ex>or judgment</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Rescissory</h1>
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<hw>Re*scis"so*ry</hw> <tt>(r?-s?z"?-r? &or; r?-s?s"-)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rescissorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rescisoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to rescind; rescinding.</def>

<blockquote>To pass a general act <b>rescissory</b> (as it was called), annulling all the Parliaments that had been held since the year 1633.
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rescous</h1>
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<hw>Res"cous</hw> <tt>(r?s"k?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE., fr. OF. <ets>rescousse</ets>, fr. <ets>rescourre</ets>, p. p. <ets>rescous</ets>, to rescue. See <er>Rescue</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rescue; deliverance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Rescue</er>,<er>2</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rescowe</h1>
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<hw>Res"cowe</hw> <tt>(r?s"kou)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To rescue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Rescribe</h1>
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<hw>Re*scribe"</hw> <tt>(r?-skr?b")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rescribere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>scribere</ets> to write. See <er>Scribe</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To write back; to write in reply.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To write over again.</def>

<i>Howell.</i>

<h1>Rescript</h1>
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<hw>Re"script</hw> <tt>(r?"skr?pt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rescriptum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rescrit</ets>, formerly also spelt <ets>rescript</ets>. See <er>Rescribe</er>,<tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Rom.Antiq.)</fld> <def>The answer of an emperor when formallyconsulted by particular persons on some difficult question; hence, an edict or decree.</def>

<blockquote>In their <b>rescripts</b> and other ordinances, the Roman emperors spoke in the plural number.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>The official written answer of the pope upon a question of canon law, or morals.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A counterpart.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Rescription</h1>
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<hw>Re*scrip"tion</hw> <tt>(r?-skr?p"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>rescriptio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rescription</ets>. See <er>Rescribe</er>.]</ety> <def>A writing back; the answering of a letter.</def>

<i>Loveday.</i>

<h1>Rescriptive</h1>
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<hw>Re*scrip"tive</hw> <tt>(-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or answering the purpose of, a rescript; hence, deciding; settling; determining.</def>

<h1>Rescriptively</h1>
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<hw>Re*scrip"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By rescript.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Rescuable</h1>
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<hw>Res"cu*a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?s"k?-?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be rescued.</def>

<h1>Rescue</h1>
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<hw>Res"cue</hw> <tt>(r?s"k?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rescued</er> <tt>(-k?d)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rescuing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>rescopuen</ets>, OF. <ets>rescourre</ets>, <ets>rescurre</ets>, <ets>rescorre</ets>; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>excutere</ets> to shake or drive out; <ets>ex</ets> out + <ets>quatere</ets> to shake. See <er>Qtash</er> to crush, <er>Rercussion</er>.]</ety> <def>To free or deliver from any confinement, violence, danger, or evil; to liberate from actual restraint; to remove or withdraw from a state of exposure to evil; <as>as, to <ex>rescue</ex> a prisoner from the enemy; to <ex>rescue</ex> seamen from destruction.</as></def>

<blockquote>Had I been seized by a hungry lion,
I would have been a breakfast to the best,
Rather than have false Proteus <b>rescue</b> me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To retake; recapture; free; deliver; liberate; release; save.</syn>

<h1>Rescue</h1>
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<hw>Res"cue</hw> <tt>(r?s"k?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Rescue</er>, <tt>v.</tt>; cf. <er>Rescous</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of rescuing; deliverance from restraint, violence, or danger; liberation.</def>

<blockquote>Spur to the <b>rescue</b> of the noble Talbot.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The forcible retaking, or taking away, against law, of things lawfully distrained.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The forcible liberation of a person from an arrest or imprisonment.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The retaking by a party captured of a prize made by the enemy.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>rescue</b> of a prisoner from the court is punished with perpetual imprisonment and forfeiture of goods.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Rescue grass</col>. <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>A tall grass (<spn>Ceratochloa unioloides</spn>) somewhat resembling chess, cultivated for hay and forage in the Southern States.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rescueless</h1>
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<hw>Res"cue*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without rescue or release.</def>

<h1>Rescuer</h1>
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<hw>Res"cu*er</hw> <tt>(-k?-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rescues.</def>

<h1>Rescussee</h1>
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<hw>Res`cus*see"</hw> <tt>(r?s`k?s-s?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(O.Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The party in whose favor a rescue is made.</def>

<i>Crabb.</i>

<h1>Rescussor</h1>
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<hw>Res*cus"sor</hw> <tt>(r?s-k?s"s?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.]</ety> <fld>(O.Eng.Law)</fld> <def>One who makes an unlawful rescue; a rescuer.</def>

<i>Burril.</i>

<h1>Rese</h1>
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<hw>Rese</hw> <tt>(r?z)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To shake; to quake; to tremble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "It made all the gates for to <i>rese</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Re-search</h1>
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<hw>Re-search"</hw> <tt>(r?-s?rch")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + search</ets>.]</ety> <def>To search again; to examine anew.</def>

<h1>Research</h1>
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<hw>Re*search"</hw> <tt>(r?-s?rch")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + search</ets>: cf OF. <ets>recerche</ets>, F. <ets>recherche</ets>.]</ety> <def>Diligent inquiry or examination in seeking facts or principles; laborius or continued search after truth; <as>as, <ex>researches</ex> of human wisdom</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The dearest interests of parties have frequently been staked on the results of the <b>researches</b> of antiquaries.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Investigation; examination; inquiry; scrutiny.</syn>

<h1>Research</h1>
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<hw>Re*search"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + search</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>recerchier</ets>, F. <ets>rechercher</ets>.]</ety> <def>To search or examine with continued care; to seek diligently.</def>

<h1>Researcher</h1>
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<hw>Re*search"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who researches.</def>

<h1>Researchful</h1>
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<hw>Re*search"ful</hw> <tt>(-f?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making researches; inquisitive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Reseat</h1>
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<hw>Re*seat"</hw> <tt>(r?-s?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To seat or set again, as on a chair, throne, etc.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put a new seat, or new seats, in; <as>as, to <ex>reseat</ex> a theater; to <ex>reseat</ex> a chair or trousers.</as></def>

<h1>Resect</h1>
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<hw>Re*sect"</hw> <tt>(r?-s?kt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Resected</er>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Resecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>resectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>resecare</ets> to cut off; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>secare</ets> to cut.]</ety> <def>To cut or pare off; to remove by cutting.</def>

<h1>Resection</h1>
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<hw>Re*sec"tion</hw> <tt>(r?-s?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>resectio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82section</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of cutting or paring off.</def>

<i>Cotgrave.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The removal of the articular extremity of a bone, or of the ends of the bones in a false articulation.</def>

<h1>Reseda</h1>
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<hw>Re*se"da</hw> <tt>(r?-s?"d?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. , a kind of plant.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, the type of which is mignonette.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A grayish green color, like that of the flowers of mignonette.</def>

<h1>Reseek</h1>
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<hw>Re*seek"</hw> <tt>(r?-s?k")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To seek again.</def>

<i>J. Barlow.</i>

<h1>Reseize</h1>
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<hw>Re*seize"</hw> <tt>(r?-s?z")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-  + seize</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ressaisir</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To seize again, or a second time.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put in possession again; to reinstate.</def>

<blockquote>And then therein [in his kingdom] <b>reseized</b> was again.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To take possession of, as lands and tenements which have been disseized.</def>

<blockquote>The sheriff is commanded to <b>reseize</b> the land and all the chattels thereon, and keep the same in his custody till the arrival of the justices of assize.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reseizer</h1>
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<hw>Re*seiz"er</hw> <tt>(-s?z"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who seizes again.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The taking of lands into the hands of the king where a general livery, or <i>oustre le main</i>, was formerly mis-sued, contrary to the form and order of law.</def>

<h1>Reseizure</h1>
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<hw>Re*sei"zure</hw> <tt>(r<?/-s<?/"zh<?/r; 135)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second seizure; the act of seizing again.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Resell</h1>
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<hw>Re*sell"</hw> <tt>(r?-s?l")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sell again; to sell what has been bought or sold; to retail.</def>

<h1>Resemblable</h1>
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<hw>Re*sem"bla*ble</hw> <tt>(r?-z?m"bl?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Resemble</er>.]</ety> <def>Admitting of being compared; like.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Resemblance</h1>
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<hw>Re*sem"blance</hw> <tt>(-bl<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ressemblance</ets>. See <er>Resemble</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of resembling; likeness; similitude; similarity.</def>

<blockquote>One main end of poetry and painting is to please; they bear a great <b>resemblance</b> to each other.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which resembles, or is similar; a representation; a likeness.</def>

<blockquote>These sensible things, which religion hath allowed, are <b>resemblances</b> formed according to things spiritual.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A comparison; a simile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Probability; verisimilitude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Likeness; similarity; similitude; semblance; representation; image.</syn>

<h1>Resemblant</h1>
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<hw>Re*sem"blant</hw> <tt>(-bl<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., a . and p. pr. fr. <ets>ressembler</ets> to resemble. See <er>Resemble</er>.]</ety> <def>Having or exhibiting resemblance; resembling.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Resemble</h1>
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<hw>Re*sem"ble</hw> <tt>(r?-z?m"b'l)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Resembled</er> <tt>(-b'ld)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Resembling</er> <tt>(-bl?ng)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ressembler</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>sembler</ets> to seem, resemble, fr. L. <ets>similare</ets>, <ets>simulare</ets>, to imitate, fr. <ets>similis</ets> like, similar. See <er>Similar</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be like or similar to; to bear the similitude of, either in appearance or qualities; <as>as, these brothers <ex>resemble</ex> each other</as>.</def>

<blockquote>We will <b>resemble</b> you in that.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To liken; to compare; to represent as like.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The other . . .
He did <b>resemble</b> to his lady bright.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To counterfeit; to imitate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "They can so well <i>resemble</i> man's speech."

<i>Holland.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To cause to imitate or be like.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>H. Bushnell.</i>

<h1>Resembler</h1>
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<hw>Re*sem"bler</hw> <tt>(r?-z?m"bl?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who resembles.</def>

<h1>Resemblingly</h1>
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<hw>Re*sem"bling*ly</hw> <tt>(-bl?ng-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to resemble; with resemblance or likeness.</def>

<h1>Reseminate</h1>
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<hw>Re*sem"i*nate</hw> <tt>(-s?m"?-n?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> again + <ets>seminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>seminare</ets> to sow.]</ety> <def>To produce again by means of seed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir. T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Resend</h1>
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<hw>Re*send"</hw> <tt>(r?-s?nd")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To send again; <as>as, to <ex>resend</ex> a message</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To send back; <as>as, to <ex>resend</ex> a gift</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Telegraphy)</fld> <def>To send on from an intermediate station by means of a repeater.</def>

<h1>Resent</h1>
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<hw>Re*sent"</hw> <tt>(r?-z?nt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Resented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Resenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ressentir</ets>; L. pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>sentire</ets> to feel. See <er>Sense</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be sensible of; to feel</def>; as: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In a good sense, to take well; to receive with satisfaction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Which makes the tragical ends of noble persons more favorably <b>resented</b> by compassionate readers.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>In a bad sense, to take ill; to consider as an injury or affront; to be indignant at</def>.

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To express or exhibit displeasure or indignation at, as by words or acts.</def>

<blockquote>The good prince King James . . . bore dishonorably what he might have <b>resented</b> safely.
<i>Bolingbroke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To recognize; to perceive, especially as if by smelling; -- associated in meaning with <i>sent</i>, the older spelling of <i>scent</i> to smell. See <er>Resent</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This bird of prey <b>resented</b> a worse than earthly savor in the soul of Saul.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our King Henry the Seventh quickly <b>resented</b> his drift.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resent</h1>
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<hw>Re*sent"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To feel resentment.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give forth an odor; to smell; to savor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The judicious prelate will prefer a drop of the sincere milk of the word before vessels full of traditionary pottage <b>resenting</b> of the wild gourd of human invention.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resenter</h1>
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<hw>Re*sent"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who resents.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<h1>Resentful</h1>
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<hw>Re*sent"ful</hw> <tt>(-f?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclined to resent; easily provoked to anger; irritable.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*sent"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Resentiment</h1>
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<hw>Re*sent"i*ment</hw> <tt>(-?-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Resentment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Resentingly</h1>
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<hw>Re*sent"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>With deep sense or strong perception.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>With a sense of wrong or affront; with resentment.</def>

<h1>Resentive</h1>
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<hw>Re*sent"ive</hw> <tt>(-?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resentful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thomson.</i>

<h1>Resentment</h1>
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<hw>Re*sent"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ressentiment</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of resenting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of holding something in the mind as a subject of contemplation, or of being inclined to reflect upon something; a state consciousness; conviction; feeling; impression.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He retains vivid <b>resentments</b> of the more solid morality.
<i>Dr. H. More.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is a greater wonder that so many of them die, with so little <b>resentment</b> of their danger.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>In a good sense, satisfaction; gratitude.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The Council taking notice of the many good services performed by Mr. John Milton, . . . have thought fit to declare their <b>resentment</b> and good acceptance of the same.
<i>The Council Book (1651).</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In a bad sense, strong displeasure; anger; hostility provoked by a wrong or injury experienced.</def>

<blockquote><b>Resentment</b> . . . is a deep, reflective displeasure against the conduct of the offender.
<i>Cogan.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Anger; irritation; vexation; displeasure; grudge; indignation; choler; gall; ire; wrath; rage; fury.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Resentment</er>, <er>Anger</er>. <i>Anger</i> is the broader term, denoting a keen sense of disapprobation (usually with a desire to punish) for watever we feel to be wrong, whether directed toward ourselves or others. <i>Reseniment</i> is anger exicted by a sense of personal injury. It is, etymologically, that reaction of the mind which we instinctively feel when we think ourselves wronged. Pride and selfishness are apt to aggravate this feeling until it changes into a criminal animosity; and this is now the more common signification of the term. Being founded in a sense of injury, this feeling is hard to be removed; and hence the expressions <i>bitter</i> or <i>implacable resentment</i>. See <er>Anger</er>.</usage>

<blockquote>Anger is like
 A full-hot horse, who being allowed his way,
Self-mettle tires him.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Can heavently minds such high <b>resentment</b> show,
Or exercise their spite in human woe?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reserate</h1>
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<hw>Res"er*ate</hw> <tt>(r?s"?r-?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reseratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reserare</ets> to unlock.]</ety> <def>To unlock; to open.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Reservance</h1>
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<hw>Re*serv"ance</hw> <tt>(r?-z?rv"<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reservation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Reservation</h1>
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<hw>Res`er*va"tion</hw> <tt>(r?z`?r-v?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82servation</ets>, LL. <ets>reservatio</ets>. See <er>Reserve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reserving, or keeping back; concealment, or withholding from disclosure; reserve.</def>

<i>A. Smith.</i>

<blockquote>With <b>reservation</b> of an hundred knights.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Make some <b>reservation</b> of your wrongs.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something withheld, either not expressed or disclosed, or not given up or brought forward.</def>

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A tract of the public land reserved for some special use, as for schools, for the use of Indians, etc.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The state of being reserved, or kept in store.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A clause in an instrument by which some new thing is reserved out of the thing granted, and not <i>in esse</i> before.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A proviso.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<note>&hand; This term is often used in the same sense with <i>exception</i>, the technical distinction being disregarded.</note>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The portion of the sacramental elements reserved for purposes of devotion and for the communion of the absent and sick.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A term of canon law, which signifies that the pope reserves to himself appointment to certain benefices.</def>

<cs><col>Mental reservation</col>, <cd>the withholding, or failing to disclose, something that affects a statement, promise, etc., and which, if disclosed, would materially change its import.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="1225">
Page 1225<p>

<h1>Reservative</h1>
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<hw>Re*serv"a*tive</hw> <tt>(r?-z?rv"?-t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to reserve or keep; keeping; reserving.</def>

<h1>Reservatory</h1>
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<hw>Re*serv"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(-t?-r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>reservatorium</ets>,fr. L. <ets>resservare</ets>. See <er>Reserve</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Reservior</er>.]</ety> <def>A place in which things are reserved or kept.</def>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<h1>Reserve</h1>
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<hw>Re*serve"</hw> <tt>(r?-z?rv")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reserved</er>. (z<?/rvd");<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reserving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82server</ets>, L. <ets>reservare</ets>, <ets>reservatum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>servare</ets> to keep. See <er>Serve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To keep back; to retain; not to deliver, make over, or disclose.</def> "I have <i>reserved</i> to myself nothing."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to keep in store for future or special use; to withhold from present use for another purpose or time; to keep; to retain.</def>

<i>Gen. xxvii. 35.</i>

<blockquote>Hast thou seen the treasures of the hail, which I have <b>reserved</b> against the time of trouble?
<i>Job xxxviii. 22,23.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Reserve</b> your kind looks and language for private hours.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To make an exception of; to except.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Reserve</h1>
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<hw>Re*serve"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82serve</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reserving, or keeping back; reservation.</def>

<blockquote>However any one may concur in the general scheme, it is still with certain <b>reserves</b> and deviations.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is reserved, or kept back, as for future use.</def>

<blockquote>The virgins, besides the oil in their lamps, carried likewise a <b>reserve</b> in some other vessel for a continual supply.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is excepted; exception.</def>

<blockquote>Each has some darling lust, which pleads for a <b>reserve</b>.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Restraint of freedom in words or actions; backwardness; caution in personal behavior.</def>

<blockquote>My soul, surprised, and from her sex disjoined,
Left all <b>reserve</b>, and all the sex, behind.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The clergyman's shy and sensitive <b>reserve</b> had balked this scheme.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A tract of land reserved, or set apart, for a particular purpose; <as>as, the Connecticut <ex>Reserve</ex> in Ohio, originally set apart for the school fund of Connecticut; the Clergy <ex>Reserves</ex> in Canada, for the support of the clergy.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A body of troops in the rear of an army drawn up for battle, reserved to support the other lines as occasion may require; a force or body of troops kept for an exigency.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Banking)</fld> <def>Funds kept on hand to meet liabilities.</def>

<cs><col>In reserve</col>, <cd>in keeping for other or future use; in store; <as>as, he has large quantities of wheat <ex>in reserve<ex>; he has evidence or arguments <ex>in reserve<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>Reserve air</col>. <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <cd>Same as <cref>Supplemental air</cref>, under <er>Supplemental</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Reservation; retention; limitation; backwardness; reservedness; coldness; restraint; shyness; coyness; modesty.</syn>

<h1>Reserved</h1>
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<hw>Re*served"</hw> <tt>(-z?rvd")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Kept for future or special use, or for an exigency; <as>as, <ex>reserved</ex> troops; a <ex>reserved</ex> seat in a theater</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Restrained from freedom in words or actions; backward, or cautious, in communicating one's thoughts and feelings; not free or frank.</def>

<blockquote>To all obliging, yet <b>reserved</b> to all.
<i>Walsh.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Nothing <b>reserved</b> or sullen was to see.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*serv"ed*ly</wf> <tt>(r<?/-z<?/rv"<?/d-l<?/)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*serv"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Reservee</h1>
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<hw>Res`er*vee"</hw> <tt>(r?z`?r-v?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One to, or for, whom anything is reserved; -- contrasted with <i>reservor</i>.</def>

<h1>Reserver</h1>
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<hw>Re*serv"er</hw> <tt>(r?-z?rv"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reserves.</def>

<h1>Reservist</h1>
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<hw>Re*serv"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A member of a reserve force of soldiers or militia.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Reservior</h1>
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<hw>Res"er*vior`</hw> <tt>(r?z"?r-vw?r`;277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82servoir</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>reservatorium</ets>. See <er>Reservatory</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A place where anything is kept in store; especially, a place where water is collected and kept for use when wanted, as to supply a fountain, a canal, or a city by means of aqueducts, or to drive a mill wheel, or the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small intercellular space, often containing <?/esin, essential oil, or some other secreted matter.</def>

<cs><col>Receiving reservoir</col> <fld>(Water Works)</fld>, <cd>a principal reservoir into which an aqueduct or rising main delivers water, and from which a distributing reservoir draws its supply.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reservor</h1>
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<hw>Re*serv"or</hw> <tt>(r?-z?rv"?r &or; r?z`?r-v?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reserves; a reserver.</def>

<h1>Reset</h1>
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<hw>Re*set"</hw> <tt>(r?-s?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To set again; <as>as, to <ex>reset</ex> type; to <ex>reset</ex> copy; to <ex>reset</ex> a diamond</as>.</def>

<h1>Reset</h1>
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<hw>Re"set</hw> <tt>(r?"s?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of resetting.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>That which is reset; matter set up again.</def>

<h1>Reset</h1>
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<hw>Re*set"</hw> <tt>(r?-s?t")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>recete</ets>, <ets>recepte</ets>, a receiving. Cf. <er>Receipt</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The receiving of stolen goods, or harboring an outlaw.</def>

<i>Jamieson.</i>

<h1>Reset</h1>
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<hw>Re*set"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>To harbor or secrete; to hide, as stolen goods or a criminal.</def>

<blockquote>We shall see if an English hound is to harbor and <b>reset</b> the Southrons here.
<i>Sir. W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resetter</h1>
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<hw>Re*set"ter</hw> <tt>(-t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>One who receives or conceals, as stolen goods or criminal.</def>

<h1>Resetter</h1>
<Xpage=1225>

<hw>Re*set"ter</hw> <tt>(r?-S?t"t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who resets, or sets again.</def>

<h1>Resettle</h1>
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<hw>Re*set"tle</hw> <tt>(r?-s?t"t'l)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To settle again.</def>

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Resettle</h1>
<Xpage=1225>

<hw>Re*set"tle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To settle again, or a second time.</def>

<h1>Resettlement</h1>
<Xpage=1225>

<hw>Re*set"tle*ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of settling again, or state of being settled again; <as>as, the <ex>resettlement</ex> of lees</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>resettlement</b> of my discomposed soul.
<i>Norris.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reshape</h1>
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<hw>Re*shape"</hw> <tt>(r?-sh?p")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To shape again.</def>

<h1>Reship</h1>
<Xpage=1225>

<hw>Re*ship"</hw> <tt>(r?-sh?p")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To ship again; to put on board of a vessel a second time; to send on a second voyage; <as>as, to <ex>reship</ex> bonded merchandise</as>.</def>

<h1>Reship</h1>
<Xpage=1225>

<hw>Re*ship"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To engage one's self again for service on board of a vessel after having been discharged.</def>

<h1>Reshipment</h1>
<Xpage=1225>

<hw>Re*ship"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reshipping; also, that which is reshippped.</def>

<h1>Reshipper</h1>
<Xpage=1225>

<hw>Re*ship"per</hw> <tt>(-p?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reships.</def>

<h1>Resiance</h1>
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<hw>Res`i*ance</hw> <tt>(r?z"?-<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>reseantia</ets>, <?/<?/ OF. <ets>reseance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Residence; abode.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Resiant</h1>
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<hw>Res"i*ant</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>reseant</ets>, <ets>resseant</ets>, L. <ets>residens</ets>. See <er>Resident</er>.]</ety> <def>Resident; present in a place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In which her kingdom's throne is chiefly <b>resiant</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resiant</h1>
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<hw>Res"i*ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A resident.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. More.</i>

<h1>Reside</h1>
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<hw>Re*side"</hw> <tt>(r?-z?d")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Resided</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Residing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82sider</ets>, L. <ets>residere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>sedere</ets> to sit. See <er>Sit</er>. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To dwell permanently or for a considerable time; to have a settled abode for a time; to abide continuosly; to have one's domicile of home; to remain for a long time.</def>

<blockquote>At the moated grange, <b>resides</b> this dejected Mariana.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In no fixed place the happy souls <b>reside</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To have a seat or fixed position; to inhere; to lie or be as in attribute or element.</def>

<blockquote>In such like acts, the duty and virtue of contentedness doth especially <b>reside</b>.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To sink; to settle, as sediment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To dwell; inhabit; sojourn; abide; remain; live; domiciliate; domicile.</syn>

<h1>Residence</h1>
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<hw>Res"i*dence</hw> <tt>(r?z"?-d<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82sidence</ets>. See <er>Resident</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or fact of residing, abiding, or dwelling in a place for some continuance of time; <as>as, the <ex>residence</ex> of an American in France or Italy for a year</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The confessor had often made considerable <b>residences</b> in Normandy.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The place where one resides; an abode; a dwelling or habitation; esp., a settled or permanent home or domicile.</def> "Near the <i>residence</i> of Posthumus."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Johnson took up his <b>residence</b> in London.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Eng.Eccl.Law)</fld> <def>The residing of an incumbent on his benefice; -- opposed to <i>nonresidence</i>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The place where anything rests permanently.</def>

<blockquote>But when a king sets himself to bandy against the highest court and <b>residence</b> of all his regal power, he then, . . . fights against his own majesty and kingship.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Subsidence, as of a sediment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>That which falls to the bottom of liquors; sediment; also, refuse; residuum.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Domiciliation; sojourn; stay; abode; home; dwelling; habitation; domicile; mansion.</syn>

<h1>Resedency</h1>
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<hw>Res"e*den*cy</hw> <tt>(-d<it>e</it>n-s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Residence.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A political agency at a native court in British India, held by an officer styled the Residentl: also, a Dutch commercial colony or province in the East Indies.</def>

<h1>Resident</h1>
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<hw>Res"i*dent</hw> <tt>(-d<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82sident</ets>, L. <ets>residens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>residere</ets>. See <er>Reside</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Dwelling, or having an abode, in a place for a continued length of time; residing on one's own estate; -- opposed to <i>nonresident</i>; <as>as, <ex>resident</ex> in the city or in the country</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fixed; stable; certain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Stable and <i>resident</i> like a rock."

<i>Jer. TAylor.</i>

<blockquote>One there still <b>resident</b> as day and night.
<i>Davenant.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resident</h1>
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<hw>Res"i*dent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who resides or dwells in a place for some time.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A diplomatic representative who resides at a foreign court; -- a term usualy applied to ministers of a rank inferrior to that of ambassadors. See the Note under <er>Minister</er>,<er>4</er>.</def>

<h1>Residenter</h1>
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<hw>Res"i*dent*er</hw> <tt>(-$r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A resident.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Residential</h1>
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<hw>Res`i*den""tial</hw> <tt>(-d?n"sh<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to a residence or residents; <as>as, <ex>residential</ex> trade</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Residing; residentiary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Residentiary</h1>
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<hw>Res`i*den"tia*ry</hw> <tt>(-d?n"sh?-r?; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>residentiaris</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having residence; <as>as, a canon <ex>residentary</ex>; a <ex>residentiary</ex> guardian.</as></def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Residentiary</h1>
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<hw>Res`i*den"tia*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is resident.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>residentiary</b>, or the frequent visitor of the favored spot, . . . will discover that both have been there.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An ecclesiastic who keeps a certain residence.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Inhabitant; inhabiter; dweller; sojourner.</syn>

<h1>Residentiaryship</h1>
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<hw>Res`i*den"tia*ry*ship</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or condition of a residentiary.</def>

<h1>Residentship</h1>
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<hw>Res"i*dent*ship</hw> <tt>(r?z"?-d<it>e</it>nt-sh?p)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The office or condition of a resident.</def>

<h1>Resider</h1>
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<hw>Re*sid"er</hw> <tt>(r?-z?d"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who resides in a place.</def>

<h1>Residual</h1>
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<hw>Re*sid"u*al</hw> <tt>(r?-z?d"?-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Residue</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a residue; remaining after a part is taken.</def>

<cs><col>Residual air</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>that portion of air contained in the lungs which can not be expelled even by the most violent expiratory effort. It amounts to from 75 to 100 cubic inches. Cf. <cref>Supplemental air</cref>, under <er>Supplemental</er>.</cd> -- <col>Residual error</col>. <fld>(Mensuration)</fld> <cd>See <er>Error</er>, 6 <sd>(b)</sd>.</cd> -- <col>Residual figure</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the figure which remains after a less figure has been taken from a greater one.</cd> -- <col>Residual magnetism</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>remanent magnetism. See under <er>Remanent</er>.</cd> -- <col>Residual product</col>, <cd>a by product, as cotton waste from a cotton mill, coke and coal tar from gas works, etc.</cd> -- <col>Residual quantity</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>a binomial quantity the two parts of which are connected by the negative sign, as <i>a-b<i>.</cd> -- <col>Residual root</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>the root of a residual quantity, as <mathex>&root;(a-b)</mathex>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Residual</h1>
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<hw>Re*sid"u*al</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The difference of the results obtained by observation, and by computation from a formula.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The difference between the mean of several observations and any one of them.</def>

<h1>Residuary</h1>
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<hw>Re*sid"u*a*ry</hw> <tt>(-?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Residue</er>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of residue; <as>as, <ex>residuary</ex> matter</as>; pertaining to the residue, or part remaining; <as>as, the <ex>residuary</ex> advantage of an estate</as>.</def>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<cs><col>Residuary clause</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>that part of the testator's will in which the residue of his estate is disposed of.</cd> -- <col>Residuary devise</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the person to whom the residue of real estate is devised by a will.</cd> -- <col>Residuary legatee</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the person to whom the residue of personal estate is bequeathed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Residue</h1>
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<hw>Res"i*due</hw> <tt>(r?z"?-d?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82sidu</ets>, L. <ets>residuum</ets>, fr. <ets>residuus</ets> that is left behind, remaining, fr. <ets>residere</ets> to remain behind. See <er>Reside</er>, and cf. <er>Residuum</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which remains after a part is taken, separated, removed, or designated; remnant; remainder.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>residue</b> of them will I deliver to the sword.
<i>Jer. xv. 9.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If church power had then prevailed over its victims, not a <b>residue</b> of English liberty would have been saved.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>That part of a testeator's estate wwhich is not disposed of in his will by particular and special legacies and devises, and which remains after payment of debts and legacies.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>That which remains of a molecule after the removal of a portion of its constituents; hence, an atom or group regarded as a portion of a molecule; -- used as nearly equivalent to <i>radical</i>, but in a more general sense.</def><-- also moiety -->

<note>&hand; The term <i>radical</i> is sometimes restricted to groups containing carbon, the term <i>residue</i> being applied to the others.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Theory of Numbers)</fld> <def>Any positive or negative number that differs from a given number by a multiple of a given modulus; <as>thus, if 7 is the modulus, and 9 the given number, the numbers  -5, 2, 16, 23, etc., are <ex>residues</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Rest; remainder; remnant; balance; residuum; remains; leavings; relics.</syn>

<h1>Residuous</h1>
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<hw>Re*sid"u*ous</hw> <tt>(r?-z?d"?-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>residuus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Remaining; residual.</def>

<i>Landor.</i>

<h1>Residuum</h1>
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<hw>Re*sid"u*um</hw> <tt>(-?m)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Residue</er>.]</ety> <def>That which is left after any process of separation or purification; that which remains after certain specified deductions are made; residue.</def>

<blockquote>"I think so," is the whole <b>residuum</b> . . . after evaporating the prodigious pretensions of the zealot demagogue.
<i>L. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resiege</h1>
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<hw>Re*siege"</hw> <tt>(r?-s?j")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>siege</ets> a seat.]</ety> <def>To seat again; to reinstate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Re-sign</h1>
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<hw>Re-sign"</hw> <tt>(r?-s?n")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + sign</ets>.]</ety> <def>To affix one's signature to, a second time; to sign again.</def>

<h1>Resign</h1>
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<hw>Re*sign"</hw> <tt>(r?-z?n")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Resigned</er> <tt>(-z?nd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Resigning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82signer</ets>, L. <ets>resignare</ets> to unseal, annul, assign, resign; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>signare</ets> to seal, stamp. See <er>Sign</er>, <ets>and cf</ets>. <er>Resignation</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To sign back; to return by a formal act; to yield to another; to surrender; -- said especially of office or emolument. Hence, to give up; to yield; to submit; -- said of the wishes or will, or of something valued; -- also often used reflexively.</def>

<blockquote>I here <b>resign</b> my government to thee.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Lament not, Eve, but patiently <b>resign</b>
What justly thou hast lost.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What more reasonable, than that we should in all things <b>resign</b> up ourselves to the will of God?
<i>Tiilotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To relinquish; to abandon.</def>

<blockquote>He soon <b>resigned</b> his former suit.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To commit to the care of; to consign.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Gentlement of quality have been sent beyong the seas, <b>resigned</b> and concredited to the conduct of such as they call governors.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To abdicate; surrender; submit; leave; relinquish; forego; quit; forsake; abandon; renounce.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Resign</er>, <er>Relinquish</er>. To <i>resign</i> is to give up, as if breaking a seal and yielding all it had secured; hence, it marks a formal and deliberate surrender. To <i>relinquish</i> is less formal, but always implies abandonment and that the thing given up has been long an object of pursuit, and, usually, that it has been prized and desired. We <i>resign</i> what we once held or considered as our own, as an office, employment, etc. We speak of <i>relinquishing</i> a claim, of <i>relinquishing</i> some advantage we had sought or enjoyed, of <i>relinquishing</i> seme right, privilege, etc. "Men are weary with the toil which they bear, but can not find it in their hearts to <i>relinquish</i> it." <i>Steele</i>. See <er>Abdicate</er>.</usage>

<h1>Re sign</h1>
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<hw>Re sign"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Resignation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Beau & Fl.</i>

<h1>Resignation</h1>
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<hw>Res`ig*na"tion</hw> <tt>(r?z`?g-n?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82signation</ets>. See <er>Resign</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of resigning or giving up, as a claim, possession, office, or the like; surrender; <as>as, the <ex>resignation</ex> of a crown or comission</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being resigned or submissive; quiet or patient submission; unresisting acquiescence; <as>as, <ex>resignation</ex> to the will and providence of God</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Patience; surrender; relinquisment; forsaking; abandonment; abdication; renunciation; submission; acquiescence; endurance. See <er>Patience</er>.</syn>

<h1>Resigned</h1>
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<hw>Re*signed"</hw> <tt>(r?-z?nd")</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Submissive; yielding; not disposed to resist or murmur.</def>

<blockquote>A firm, yet cautious mind;
Sincere, thought prudent; constant, yet <b>resigned</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resignedly</h1>
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<hw>Re*sign"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(r?-z?n"?d-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With submission.</def>

<h1>Resignee</h1>
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<hw>Res`ign*ee"</hw> <tt>(r?z`?-n?")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One to whom anything is resigned, or in whose favor a resignation is made.</def>

<h1>Resigner</h1>
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<hw>Re*sign"er</hw> <tt>(r?-z?n"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who resigns.</def>

<h1>Resignment</h1>
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<hw>Re*sign"ment</hw> <tt>(-m<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of resigning.</def>

<h1>Resile</h1>
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<hw>Re*sile"</hw> <tt>(r?-z?l")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Resiled</er> <tt>(-z?ld")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Resiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>resilire</ets> to leap or spring back; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>salire</ets> to leap, spring. See <er>Salient</er>.]</ety> <def>To start back; to recoil; to recede from a purpose.</def>

<i>J. Ellis.</i>

<h1>Resilience r-zl-<it>e</it>ns, Resiliency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Re*sil"i*ence</hw> <tt>(r?-z?l"?-<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <hw>Re*sil"i*en*cy</hw> <tt>(-<it>e</it>n-s?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of resiling, springing back, or rebounding; <as>as, the <ex>resilience</ex> of a ball or of sound</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mech. & Engyn.)</fld> <def>The mechanical work required to strain an elastic body, as a deflected beam, stretched spring, etc., to the elastic limit; also, the work performed by the body in recovering from such strain.</def>

<h1>Resilient</h1>
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<hw>Re*sil"i*ent</hw> <tt>(-<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>resiliens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Leaping back; rebounding; recoling.</def>

<h1>Resilition</h1>
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<hw>Res`i*li"tion</hw> <tt>(r?z`?-l?sh"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Resilience.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Resin</h1>
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<hw>Res"in</hw> <tt>(r?z"?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82sine</ets>, L. <ets>resina</ets>; cf. Gr. <grk>"rhti`nh</grk> Cf. <er>Rosin</er>.]</ety> <def>Any one of a class of yellowish brown solid inflammable substances, of vegetable origin, which are nonconductors of electricity, have a vitreous fracture, and are soluble in ether, alcohol, and essential oils, but not in water; specif., pine resin (see <er>Rosin</er>).</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Resins</i> exude from trees in combination with essential oils, gums, etc., and in a liquid or semiliquid state. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and are supposed to be formed by the oxidation of the essential oils. Copal, mastic, quaiacum, and colophony or pine resin, are some of them. When mixed with gum, they form the gum resins, like asafetida and gamboge; mixed with essential oils, they frorm balsams, or oleoresins.</note>

<cs><col>Highgate resin</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a fossil resin resembling copal, occuring in blue clay at Highgate, near London.</cd> -- <col>Resin bush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a low composite shrub (<spn>Euryops speciosissimus</spn>) of South Africa, having smooth pinnately parted leaves and abounding in resin.</cd></cs>

<h1>Resinaceous</h1>
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<hw>Res`in*a"ceous</hw> <tt>(-?"sh?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the quality of resin; resinous.</def>

<h1>Resinate</h1>
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<hw>Res"in*ate</hw> <tt>(r?z"?n-?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of the salts the resinic acids.</def>

<hr>
<page="1226">
Page 1226<p>

<h1>Resinic</h1>
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<hw>Re*sin"ic</hw> <tt>(r?-z?n"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, resin; <as>as, the <ex>resinic</ex> acids</as>.</def>

<h1>Resiniferous</h1>
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<hw>Res`in*if"er*ous</hw> <tt>(r?z`?n-?f"?r-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Resin</ets> +  <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82sinif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Yielding resin; <as>as, a <ex>resiniferous</ex> tree or vessel</as>.</def>

<h1>Resiniform</h1>
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<hw>Res"in*i*form</hw> <tt>(r?z"?n-?-f?rm)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Resin</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82siniforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of resin.</def>

<h1>Resino-electric</h1>
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<hw>Res`in*o-e*lec"tric</hw> <tt>(-?-?-l?k"tr?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>Containing or exhibiting resinous electricity.</def>

<h1>Resinoid</h1>
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<hw>Res"in*oid</hw> <tt>(r?z"?n-oid)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Somewhat like resin.</def>

<h1>Resinous</h1>
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<hw>Res"in*ous</hw> <tt>(-?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>resinous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82sineux</ets>. See <er>Resin</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to resin; of the nature of resin; resembling or obtained from resin.</def>

<cs><col>Resinous electricity</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>electricity which is exited by rubbing bodies of the resinous kind. See <cref>Negative electricity</cref>, under <er>Negative</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Resinously</h1>
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<hw>Res"in*ous*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By means, or in the manner, of resin.</def>

<h1>Resinousness</h1>
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<hw>Res"in*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being resinous.</def>

<h1>Resiny</h1>
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<hw>Res"in*y</hw> <tt>(-?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like resin; resinous.</def>

<h1>Resipiscence</h1>
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<hw>Res`i*pis"cence</hw> <tt>(r?s`?-p?s"s<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>resipiscentia</ets>, from <ets>resipiscere</ets> to recover one's senses: cf. F. <ets>r\'82sipiscence</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wisdom derived from severe experience; hence, repentance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Montagu.</i>

<h1>Resist</h1>
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<hw>Re*sist"</hw> <tt>(r?-z?stt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Resisted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Resisting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82sister</ets>, L.  <ets>resistere</ets>, pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>sistere</ets> to stand, cause to stand, v. causative of <ets>stare</ets> to stand. See <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To stand against; to withstand; to obstruct.</def>

<blockquote>That mortal dint,
Save He who reigns above, none can <b>resist</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strive against; to endeavor to counteract, defeat, or frustrate; to act in opposition to; to oppose.</def>

<blockquote>God <b>resisteth</b> the proud.
<i>James iv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Contrary to his high will
Whom we <b>resist</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To counteract, as a force, by inertia or reaction.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be distasteful to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To withstand; oppose; hinder; obstruct; counteract; check; thwart; baffle; disappoint.</syn>

<h1>Resist</h1>
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<hw>Re*sist"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To make opposition.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Resist</h1>
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<hw>Re*sist"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Calico Printing)</fld> <def>A substance used to prevent a color or mordant from fixing on those parts to which it has been applied, either by acting machanically in preventing the color, etc., from reaching the cloth, or chemically in changing the color so as to render it incapable of fixing itself in the fibers.. The pastes prepared for this purpose are called <i>resist pastes</i>.</def>

<i>F. C. Calvert.</i>

<h1>Resistance</h1>
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<hw>Re*sist"ance</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82sistance</ets>, LL. <ets>resistentia</ets>, fr. <ets>resistens</ets>, - <ets>entis</ets>, p. pr. See <er>Resist</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of resisting; opposition, passive or active.</def>

<blockquote>When King Demetrius saw that . . . no <b>resistance</b> was made against him, he sent away all his forces.
<i>1. Macc. xi. 38.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The quality of not yielding to force or external pressure; that power of a body which acts in opposition to the impulse or pressure of another, or which prevents the effect of another power; <as>as, the <ex>resistance</ex> of the air to a body passing through it; the <ex>resistance</ex> of a target to projectiles.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A means or method of resisting; that which resists.</def>

<blockquote>Unfold to us some warlike <b>resistance</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A certain hindrance or opposition to the passage of an electrical current or discharge offered by conducting bodies. It bears an inverse relation to the conductivity, -- good conductors having a small resistance, while poor conductors or insulators have a very high resistance. The unit of resistance is the ohm.</def>

<cs><col>Resistance box</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a rheostat consisting of a box or case containing a number of resistance coils of standard values so arranged that they can be combined in various ways to afford more or less resistance.</cd> -- <col>Resistance coil</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a coil of wire introduced into an electric circuit to increase the resistance.</cd> -- <col>Solid of least resistance</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a solid of such a form as to experience, in moving in a fluid, less resistance than any other solid having the same base, height, and volume.</cd></cs>

<h1>Resistant</h1>
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<hw>Re*sist"ant</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82sistant</ets>: cf. L. <ets>resistens</ets>. See <er>Resist</er>.]</ety> <def>Making resistance; resisting.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, resists.</def></def2>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Resister</h1>
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<hw>Re*sist"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who resists.</def>

<h1>Resistful</h1>
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<hw>Re*sist"ful</hw> <tt>(-f?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making much resistance.</def>

<h1>Resistibility</h1>
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<hw>Re*sist`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(-?-b?l"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n..</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality of being resistible; resistibleness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality of being resistant; resitstance.</def>

<blockquote>The name "body" being the complex idea of extension and <b>resistibility</b> together in the same subject.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resistible</h1>
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<hw>Re*sist"i*ble</hw> <tt>(r?-z?st"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82sistible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being resisted; <as>as, a <ex>resistible</ex> force</as>.</def> <i>Sir M. Hale</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Re*sist"i*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Re*sist"i*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Resisting</h1>
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<hw>Re*sist"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making resistance; opposing; <as>as, a <ex>resisting</ex> medium</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*sist"ing ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Resistive</h1>
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<hw>Re*sist"ive</hw> <tt>(-?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to resist.</def>

<i>B. Jonsosn.</i>

<h1>Resistless</h1>
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<hw>Re*sist"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having no power to resist; making no opposition.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Incapable of being resisted; irresistible.</def>

<blockquote>Masters' commands come with a power <b>resistless</b>
To such as owe them absolute subjection.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*sist"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*sist"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Resoluble</h1>
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<hw>Res"o*lu*ble</hw> <tt>(r?z"?-l?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>resolubolis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82soluble</ets>. See <er>Resolve</er>, and cf. <er>Resolvable</er>.]</ety> <def>Admitting of being resolved; resolvable; <as>as, bodies <ex>resoluble</ex> by fire</as>.</def> <i>Boyle</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Res"o*lu*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Resolute</h1>
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<hw>Res"o*lute</hw> <tt>(r?z"?-l?t)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F.  <ets>r\'82solu</ets>. The L. <ets>resolutus</ets> (p. p. of <ets>resolvere</ets>) means, relaxed, enervated, effeminate. See <er>Resolve</er>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having a decided purpose; determined; resolved; fixed in a determination; hence, bold; firm; steady.</def>

<blockquote>Edward is at hand,
Ready to fight; therefore be <b>resolute</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Convinced; satisfied; sure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Resolving, or explaining; <as>as, the <ex>Resolute</ex> Doctor Durand</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Determined; decided; fixed; steadfast; steady; constant; persevering; firm; bold; unshaken.</syn>

<h1>Resolute</h1>
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<hw>Res"o*lute</hw> <tt>(r?z"?-l?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who <?/<?/ resolute; hence, a desperado.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Redelivery; repayment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Yearly <i>resolutes</i>, deductions, and payments."

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Resolutely</h1>
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<hw>Res"o*lute*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a resolute manner; with fixed purpose; boldly; firmly; steadily; with perseverance.</def>

<blockquote>Some.. facts he examines, some he <b>resolutely</b> denies.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resoluteness</h1>
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<hw>Res"o*lute*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being resolute.</def>

<h1>Resolution</h1>
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<hw>Res`o*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(-l?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82solution</ets>. L.  <ets>resolutio</ets> a loosening, solution. See <er>Resolve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act, operation, or process of resolving. Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> The act of separating a compound into its elements or component parts. <sd>(b)</sd> The act of analyzing a complex notion, or solving a vexed question or difficult problem.</def>

<blockquote>The unraveling and <b>resolution</b> of the difficulties that are met with in the execution of the design are the end of an action.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being relaxed; relaxation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The state of being resolved, settled, or determined; firmness; steadiness; constancy; determination.</def>

<blockquote>Be it with <b>resolution</b> then to fight.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That which is resolved or determined; a settled purpose; determination.  Specifically: A formal expression of the opinion or will of an official body or a public assembly, adopted by vote; <as>as, a legislative <ex>resolution</ex>; the <ex>resolutions</ex> of a public meeting.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The state of being resolved or firm in opinion or thought; conviction; assurance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Little <b>resolution</b> and certainty there is as touching the islands of Mauritania.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The act or process of solving; solution; <as>as, the <ex>resolution</ex> of an equation or problem</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A breaking up, disappearance; or termination, as of a fever, a tumor, or the like.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The passing of a dissonant into a consonant chord by the rising or falling of the note which makes the discord.</def>

<cs><col>Joint resolution</col>. <cd>See under <er>Joint</er>, <tt>a.</tt></cd> -- <mcol><col>Resolution of a force</col> &or; <col>motion</col></mcol> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the separation of a single force or motion into two or more which have different directions, and, taken together, are an equivalent for the single one; -- the opposite of <ant>composition of a force</ant>.</cd> -- <col>Resolution of a nebula</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the exhibition of it to the eye by a telescope of such power as to show it to be composed of small stars.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Decision; analysis; separation; disentanglement; dissolution; resolvedness; resoluteness; firmness; constancy; perseverance; steadfastness; fortitude; boldness; purpose; resolve. See <er>Decision</er>.</syn>

<h1>Resolutioner</h1>
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<hw>Res`o*lu"tion*er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes a resolution; one who joins with others in a declaration or resolution; specifically, one of a party in the Scottish Church in the 17th century.</def>

<blockquote>He was sequestrated afterwards as a <b>Resolutioner</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resolutionist</h1>
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<hw>Res`o*lu"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes a resolution.</def>

<h1>Resolutive</h1>
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<hw>Res"o*lu`tive</hw> <tt>(r?z"?-lu`t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf.F. <ets>r\'82solutif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to dissolve or relax.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Resolutory</h1>
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<hw>Res"o*lu*to*ry</hw> <tt>(r?z"?-l?-t?-r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resolutive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Resolvability</h1>
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<hw>Re*solv`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(r?-z?lv`?-b?l"?-t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or condition of being resolvable; resolvableness.</def>

<h1>Resolvable</h1>
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<hw>Re*solv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?-z?lv"?-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Resolve</er>, and cf. <er>Resoluble</er>.]</ety> <def>Admitting of being resolved; admitting separation into constituent parts, or reduction to first principles; admitting solution or explanation; <as>as, <ex>resolvable</ex> compounds; <ex>resolvable</ex> ideas or difficulties</as>.</def>

<h1>Resolvableness</h1>
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<hw>Re*solv"a*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being resolvable; resolvability.</def>

<h1>Resolve</h1>
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<hw>Re*solve"</hw> <tt>(r?*z?lv")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Resolved</er> <tt>(-z?lvd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Resolving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>resolvere</ets>, <ets>resolutum</ets>, to untie, loosen, relax, enfeeble; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>solvere</ets> to loosen, dissolve: cf. F. <ets>r\'82soudare</ets> to resolve. See <er>Solve</er>, and cf. <er>Resolve</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>, <er>Resolute</er>, <er>Resolution</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To separate the component parts of; to reduce to the constituent elements; -- said of compound substances; hence, sometimes, to melt, or dissolve.</def>

<blockquote>O, that this too too solid flesh would melt,
Thaw, and <b>resolve</b> itself into a dew!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ye immortal souls, who once were men,
And now <b>resolved</b> to elements again.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reduce to simple or intelligible notions; -- said of complex ideas or obscure questions; to make clear or certain; to free from doubt; to disentangle; to unravel; to explain; hence, to clear up, or dispel, as doubt; <as>as, to <ex>resolve</ex> a riddle</as>.</def> "<i>Resolve</i> my doubt."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>To the <b>resolving</b> whereof we must first know that the Jews were commanded to divorce an unbelieving Gentile.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to perceive or understand; to acquaint; to inform; to convince; to assure; to make certain.</def>

<blockquote>Sir, be <b>resolved</b>. I must and will come.
<i>Beau & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Resolve</b> me, Reason, which of these is worse,
Want with a full, or with an empty purse?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In health, good air, pleasure, riches, I am <b>resolved</b> it can not be equaled by any region.
<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We must be <b>resolved</b> how the law can be pure and perspicuous, and yet throw a polluted skirt over these Eleusinian mysteries.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To determine or decide in purpose; to make ready in mind; to fix; to settle; <as>as, he was <ex>resolved</ex> by an unexpected event</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To express, as an opinion or determination, by resolution and vote; to declare or decide by a formal vote; -- followed by a clause; <as>as, the house resolved (or, it was resolved by the house) that no money should be apropriated (or, to appropriate no money)</as>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To change or convert by resolution or formal vote; -- used only reflexively; <as>as, the house <ex>resolved</ex> itself into a committee of the whole</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To solve, as a problem, by enumerating the several things to be done, in order to obtain what is required; to find the answer to, or the result of.</def>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To dispere or scatter; to discuss, as an inflammation or a tumor.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To let the tones (as of a discord) follow their several tendencies, resulting in a concord.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To relax; to lay at ease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<cs><col>To resolve a nebula</col>.<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Resolution of a nebula</cref>, under <er>Resolution</er>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To solve; analyze; unravel; disentangle.</syn>

<h1>Resolve</h1>
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<hw>Re*solve"</hw> <tt>(r?-z?lv")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[The sense "to be convinced, to determine" comes from the idea of loosening, breaking up into parts, analyzing, hence, determining.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>To be separated into its component parts or distinct principles; to undergo resolution.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To melt; to dissolve; to become fluid.</def>

<blockquote>When the blood stagnates in any part, it first coagulates, then <b>resolves</b>, and turns alkaline.
<i>Arbuthhnot.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be settled in opinion; to be convinced.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Let men <b>resolve</b> of that as they plaease.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To form a purpose; to make a decision; especially, to determine after reflection; <as>as, to <ex>resolve</ex> on a better course of life</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To determine; decide; conclude; purpose.</syn>

<h1>Resolve</h1>
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<hw>Re*solve"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of resolving or making clear; resolution; solution.</def> "To give a full <i>resolve</i> of that which is so much controverted."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which has been resolved on or determined; decisive conclusion; fixed purpose; determination; also, legal or official determination; a legislative declaration; a resolution.</def>

<blockquote>Nor is your firm <b>resolve</b> unknown.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>C\'91sar's approach has summoned us together,
And Rome attends her fate from our <b>resolves</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resolved</h1>
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<hw>Re*solved"</hw> <tt>(r?-z?lvd")</tt>, <tt>p. p. & a.</tt> <def>Having a fixed purpose; determined; resolute; -- usually placed after its noun; <as>as, a man <ex>resolved</ex> to be rich</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That makes him a <b>resolved</b> enemy.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am <b>resolved</b> she shall not settle here.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resolvedly</h1>
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<hw>Re*solv"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(r?z?lv"?d-l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>So as to resolve or clear up difficulties; clearly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Of that, and all the progress, more or less,
<b>Resolvedly</b> more leisure shall express.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Resolutely; decidedly; firmly.</def>

<i>Grew.</i>

<h1>Resolvedness</h1>
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<hw>Re*solv"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fixedness of purpose; firmness; resolution.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Resolvent</h1>
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<hw>Re*solv"ent</hw> <tt>(-<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having power to resolve; causing solution; solvent.</def>

<h1>Resolvent</h1>
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<hw>Re*solv"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>resolvens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>resolvere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82solvant</ets>. See <er>Resolve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which has the power of resolving, or causing solution; a solvent.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>That which has power to disperse inflammatory or other tumors; a discutient; anything which aids the absorption of effused products.</def>

<i>Coxe.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An equation upon whose solution the solution of a given pproblem depends.</def>

<h1>Resolver</h1>
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<hw>Re*solv"er</hw> <tt>(r?-z?lv"?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which decomposes, or dissolves.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which clears up and removes difficulties, and makes the mind certain or determined.</def>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who resolves, or formal a firm purpose.</def>

<h1>Resonance</h1>
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<hw>Res"o*nance</hw> <tt>(r?z"?-n<it>a</it>ns)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82sonance</ets>, L. <ets>resonantia</ets> an echo.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of resounding; the quality or state of being resonant.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Acoustics)</fld> <def>A prolongation or increase of any sound, eithar by reflection, as in a cavern or apartment the walls of which are not distant enough to return a distinct echo, or by the production of vibrations in other bodies, as a sounding-board, or the bodies of musical instruments.</def>

<cs><col>Pulmonary resonance</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the sound heard on percussing over the lungs.</cd> -- <col>Vocal resonance</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the sound transmitted to the ear when auscultation is made while the patient is speaking.</cd></cs>

<h1>Resonancy</h1>
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<hw>Res"o*nan*cy</hw> <tt>(-n<it>a</it>n-s?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Resonance.</def>

<h1>Resonant</h1>
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<hw>Res"o*nant</hw> <tt>(-n<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>resonans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>resonare</ets> to resound: cf. F. <ets>r\'82sonnant</ets>. See <er>Resound</er>.]</ety> <def>Returning, or capable of returning, sound; fitted to resound; resounding; echoing back.</def>

<blockquote>Through every hour of the golden morning, the streets were <b>resonant</b> with female parties of young and old.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resonantly</h1>
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<hw>Res"o*nant*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a reasonant manner.</def>

<h1>Resonator</h1>
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<hw>Res"o*na`tor</hw> <tt>(-n?`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Acoustics)</fld> <def>Anything which resounds; specifically, a vessel in the form of a cylinder open at one end, or a hollow ball of brass with two apertures, so contrived as to greatly intensify a musical tone by its resonance. It is used for the study and analysis of complex sounds.</def>

<h1>Resorb</h1>
<Xpage=1226>

<hw>Re*sorb"</hw> <tt>(r?-s?rb")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reorbere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>sorbere</ets> to suck or drink in.]</ety> <def>To swallow up.</def>

<blockquote>Now lifted by the tide, and now <b>resorbed</b>.
<i>Young.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resorbent</h1>
<Xpage=1226>

<hw>Re*sorb"ent</hw> <tt>(-<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>resorbens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>resorbere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Swallowing up.</def>

<i>Wodhull.</i>

<h1>Resorcin</h1>
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<hw>Res*or"cin</hw> <tt>(r?z-?r"s?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Res</ets>in + <ets>orcin</ets>. So called because in its higher homologue it resembles <ets>orcin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless crystalline substance of the phenol series, obtained by melting certain resins, as galbanum, asafetida, etc., with caustic potash. It is also produced artificially and used in making certain dyestuffs, as phthale\'8bn, fluoresce\'8bn, and eosin.</def>

<h1>Resorcylic</h1>
<Xpage=1226>

<hw>Res`or*cyl"ic</hw> <tt>(r?z`?r-s?l"?k)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, or pertaining to, or producing, resorcin; <as>as, <ex>resorcylic</ex> acid</as>.</def>

<h1>Resorption</h1>
<Xpage=1226>

<hw>Re*sorp"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*s?rp"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of resorbing; also, the act of absorbing again; reabsorption.</def>

<h1>Resort</h1>
<Xpage=1226>

<hw>Re*sort"</hw> <tt>(r?*z?rt")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ressort</ets>.]</ety> <def>Active power or movement; spring.</def> <mark>[A Gallicism]</mark> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some . . . know the <b>resorts</b> and falls of business that can not sink into the main of it.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resort</h1>
<Xpage=1226>

<hw>Re*sort"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Resorted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Resorting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>resortir</ets> to withdraw, take refuge, F. <ets>ressortir</ets> to be in the jurisdiction, LL. <ets>resortire</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + L. <ets>sortiri</ets> to draw lots, obtain by lot, from <ets>sors</ets> lot. See <er>Sort</er>.  The meaning is first to reobtain (by lot), then to gain by appeal to a higher court (as a law term), to appeal, go for protection or refuge.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go; to repair; to betake one's self.</def>

<blockquote>What men name <b>resort</b> to him?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fall back; to revert.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The inheritance of the son never <b>resorted</b> to the mother, or to any of her ancestors.
<i>Sir M. Hale.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1227">
Page 1227<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To have recourse; to apply; to one's self for help, relief, or advantage.</def>

<blockquote>The king thought it time to <b>resort</b> to other counsels.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resort</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*sort"</hw> <tt>(r?*z?rt")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>ressort</ets> jurisdiction. See <er>Resort</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of going to, or making application; a betaking one's self; the act of visiting or seeking; recourse; <as>as, a place of popular <ex>resort</ex></as>; -- often figuratively; <as>as, to have <ex>resort</ex> to force</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Join with me to forbid him her <b>resort</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place to which one betakes himself habitually; a place of frequent assembly; a haunt.</def>

<blockquote>Far from all <b>resort</b> of mirth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That to which one resorts or looks for help; resource; refuge.</def>

<cs><col>Last resort</col>, <cd>ultimate means of relief; also, final tribunal; that from which there is no appeal.</cd></cs>

<h1>Resorter</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*sort"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who resorts; a frequenter.</def>

<h1>Resoun</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*soun"</hw> <tt>(r?*z??n")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reason.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Resoun</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*soun"</hw>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To resound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Re-sound</h1>
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<hw>Re-sound"</hw> <tt>(r?*sound")</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-  + sound</ets>.]</ety> <def>To sound again or anew.</def>

<h1>Resound</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*sound"</hw> <tt>(r?*zound")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Resounded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Resounding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>resounen</ets>, OF. <ets>resoner</ets>, F. <ets>r\'82sonner</ets>, from L. <ets>resonare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>sonare</ets> to sound, <ets>sonus</ets> sound. See <er>Sound</er> to make a noise.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sound loudly; <as>as, his voice <ex>resounded</ex> far</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be filled with sound; to ring; <as>as, the woods <ex>resound</ex> with song</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be echoed; to be sent back, as sound.</def> "Common fame . . . <i>resounds</i> back to them again."

<i>South.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be mentioned much and loudly.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To echo or reverberate; to be resonant; <as>as, the earth <ex>resounded</ex> with his praise</as>.</def>

<h1>Resound</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*sound"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To throw back, or return, the sound of; to echo; to reverberate.</def>

<blockquote>Albion's cliffs <b>resound</b> the rur<?/<?/ay.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To praise or celebrate with the voice, or the sound of instruments; to extol with sounds; to spread the fame of.</def>

<blockquote>The man for wisdom's various arts renowned,
Long exercised in woes, O muse, <b>resound</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To echo; re\'89cho; reverberate; sound.</syn>

<h1>Resound</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*sound"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Return of sound; echo.</def>

<i>Beaumont.</i>

<h1>Resource</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*source"</hw> <tt>(r?*s?rs")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ressource</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>ressourdre</ets>, <ets>resourdre</ets>, to spring forth or up again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>sourdre</ets> to spring forth. See <er>Source</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That to which one resorts orr on which one depends for supply or support; means of overcoming a difficulty; resort; expedient.</def>

<blockquote>Threat'nings mixed with prayers, his last <b>resource</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Pecuniary means; funds; money, or any property that can be converted into supplies; available means or capabilities of any kind.</def>

<blockquote>Scotland by no means escaped the fate ordained for every country which is connected, but not incorporated, with another country of greater <b>resources</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Expedient; resort; means; contrivance.</syn>

<h1>Resourceful</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*source"ful</hw> <tt>(-f?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of resources.</def>

<h1>Resourceless</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*source"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of resources.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*source"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <tt>R.</tt> <tt>Browning.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Resow</h1>
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<hw>Re*sow"</hw> <tt>(r?*s?")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sow again.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Resown</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*sown"</hw> <tt>(r?*zoun")</tt>, <tt>v.</tt> <def>To resound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Respeak</h1>
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<hw>Re*speak"</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?k")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To speak or utter again.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To answer; to echo.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Respect</h1>
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<hw>Re*spect"</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?kt")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Respected</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Respecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>respectare</ets>, v. intens. from <ets>respicere</ets>, <ets>respectum</ets>, to look back, respect; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>specere</ets>, <ets>spicere</ets>, to look, to view: cf. F. <ets>respecter</ets>. See <er>Spy</er>, and cf. <er>Respite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take notice of; to regard with special attention; to regard as worthy of special consideration; hence, to care for; to heed.</def>

<blockquote>Thou <b>respectest</b> not spilling Edward's blood.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In orchards and gardens, we do not so much <b>respect</b> beauty as variety of ground for fruits, trees, and herbs.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To consider worthy of esteem; to regard with honor.</def> "I do <i>respect</i> thee as my soul."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To look toward; to front upon or toward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Palladius adviseth the front of his house should so <b>respect</b> the <?/<?/uth.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To regard; to consider; to deem.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To whom my father gave this name of Gaspar,
And as his own <b>respected</b> him to death.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To have regard to; to have reference to; to relateto; <as>as, the treaty particularly <ex>respects</ex> our commerce</as>.</def>

<cs><col>As respects</col>, <cd>as regards; with regard to; as to.</cd> <i>Macaulay.</i> -- <mcol><col>To respect the person</col> &or; <col>persons</col></mcol>, <cd>to favor a person, or persons on corrupt grounds; to show partiality.</cd> "Ye shall not <i>respect persons</i> in judgment." <i>Deut. i. 17.</i></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To regard; esteem; honor; revere; venerate.</syn>

<h1>Respect</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spect"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>respectus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>respect</ets>. See <er>Respect</er>, <tt>v.</tt>, and cf. <er>Respite</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of noticing with attention; the giving particular consideration to; hence, care; caution.</def>

<blockquote>But he it well did ward with wise <b>respect</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Esteem; regard; consideration; honor.</def>

<blockquote>Seen without awe, and served without <b>respect</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The same men treat the Lord's Day with as little <b>respect</b>.
<i>R. Nelson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An expression of respect of deference; regards; <as>as, to send one's <ex>respects</ex> to another</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Reputation; repute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Many of the best <b>respect</b> in Rome.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Relation; reference; regard.</def>

<blockquote>They believed but one Supreme Deity, which, with <b>respect</b> to the various benefits men received from him, had several titles.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Particular; point regarded; point of view; <as>as, in this <ex>respect</ex>; in any <ex>respect</ex>; in all <ex>respects</ex>.</as></def>

<blockquote>Everything which is imperfect, as the world must be acknowledged in many <b>respects</b>.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In one <b>respect</b> I'll be thy assistant.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Consideration; motive; interest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Whatever secret <i>respects</i> were likely to move them."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<blockquote>To the publik good
Private <b>respects</b> must yield.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>In respect</col>, <cd>in comparison.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>In respect of</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In comparison with.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Shak</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>As to; in regard to.</cd> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> "Monsters <i>in respect of</i> their bodies." <i>Bp. Wilkins</i>. "<i>In respect of</i> these matters." <i>Jowett. (Thucyd. )</i> -- <col>In</col>, &or; <col>With</col>, <col>respect to</col></mcol>, <cd>in relation to; with regard to; as respects. <i>Tillotson</i>.</cd> -- <col>To have respect of persons</col>, <cd>to regard persons with partiality or undue bias, especially on account of friendship, power, wealth, etc. "It is not good <i>to have respect of persons<i> in judgment." <i>Prov. xxiv. 23</i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Deference; attention; regard; consideration; estimation. See <er>Deference</er>.</syn>

<h1>Respectability</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spect`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?kt`?*b?l"?*t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being respectable; the state or quality which deserves or commands respect.</def>

<h1>Respectable</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spect"a*ble</hw> <tt>(-<?/-b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>respectable</ets>, LL. <ets>respectabilis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Worthy of respect; fitted to awaken esteem; deserving regard; hence, of good repute; not mean; <as>as, a <ex>respectable</ex> citizen</as>.</def> "The <i>respectable</i> quarter of Sicca."

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<blockquote>No government, any more than an individual, will long be respected, without being truly <b>respectable</b>.
<i>Madison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Moderate in degree of excellence or in number; <as>as, a <ex>respectable</ex> performance; a <ex>respectable</ex> audience</as>.</def>

--<wordforms><wf>Re*spect"a*ble*ness</wf>,<tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Re*spect"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Respectant</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spect"ant</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., p. pr. of <ets>respecter</ets>. See <er>Respect</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Placed so as to face one another; -- said of animals.</def>

<h1>Respecter</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spect"er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who respects.</def>

<cs><col>A respecter of persons</col>, <cd>one who regards or judges with partiality.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>Of a truth I perceive that God is no <b>respecter of persons</b>.
<i>Acts x. 34.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Respectful</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spect"ful</hw> <tt>(-f?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Marked or characterized by respect; <as>as, <ex>respectful</ex> deportment</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With humble joi and with <b>respectful</b> fear.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*spect"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*spect"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Respecting</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spect"ing</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>With regard or relation to; regarding; concerning; <as>as, <ex>respecting</ex> his conduct there is but one opinion</as>.</def>

<h1>Respection</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spec"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?k"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.LL. <ets>respectio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of respecting; respect; regard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Without difference or <b>respection</b> of persons.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Respective</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spec"tive</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?k"t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>respectif</ets>, LL. <ets>respectivus</ets>. See <er>Respect</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Noticing with attention; hence, careful; wary; considerate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If you look upon the church of England with a <b>respective</b> eye, you can not . . . refuse this charge.
<i>A<?/p. Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Looking towardl having reference to; relative, not absolute; <as>as, the <ex>respective</ex> connections of society</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Relating to particular persons or things, each to each; particular; own; <as>as, they returned to their <ex>respective</ex> places of abode</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fitted to awaken respect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Rendering respect; respectful; regardful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>With <b>respective</b> shame, rose, took us by the hands.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>With thy equals familiar, yet <b>respective</b>.
<i>Lord Burleigh.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Respectively</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spec"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>As relating to each; particularly; as each belongs to each; as each refers to each in order; <as>as, let each man <ex>respectively</ex> perform his duty</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The impressions from the objects or the senses do mingle <b>respectively</b> every one with its kind.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relatively; not absolutely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Partially; with respect to private views.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>With respect; regardfully</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Respectless</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spect"less</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?kt"l?s)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no respect; without regard; regardless.</def>

<blockquote>Rather than again
Endure, <b>respectless</b>, their so moving c<?/ies.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*spect"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[R.]</mark></wordforms>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Respectuous</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spec"tu*ous</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?k"t?*?s;135)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Respectful; <as>as, a <ex>respectuous</ex> silence</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Respectable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Knolles.</i>

<h1>Respell</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spell"</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?l")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To spell again.</def>

<h1>Resperse</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*sperse"</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?rs")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>respersus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>respergere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>spargere</ets> to srew, sprinkle.]</ety> <def>To sprinkle; to scatter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

<h1>Respersion</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*sper"sion</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?r"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>respersio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of sprinkling or scattering.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Respirability</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spir`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?r`?*b?l"?*t? &or; r?s`p?*r?-)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>respirabilit<?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being respirable; respirableness.</def>

<h1>Respirable</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spir"a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?r"?*b'l &or; r?s"p?*r?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>respirable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Suitable for being breathed; adapted for respiration.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*spir"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Respiration</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Res`pi*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(r?s`p?*r?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>respiratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>respiration</ets>. See <er>Respire</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of respiring or breathing again, or catching one's breath.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Relief from toil or suffering: rest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Till the day
Appear of <b>respiration</b> to the just
And vengeance to the wicked.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Interval; intermission.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The act of resping or breathing; the act of taking in and giving out air; the aggregate of those processes bu which oxygen is introduced into the system, and carbon dioxide, or carbonic acid, removed.</def>

<note>&hand; Respiration in the higher animals is divided into: (<stype>a</stype>) <i>Internal respiration</i>, or the interchange of oxygen and carbonic acid between the cells of the body and the bathing them, which in one sense is a process of nutrition. (<stype>b</stype>) <i>External respiration</i>, or the gaseous interchange taking place in the special respiratory organs, the lungs. This constitutes respiration proper.
<i>Gamgee.</i>

   In the respiration of plants oxygen is likewise absorbed and carbonic acid exhaled, but in the light this process is obscured by another process which goes on with more vigor, in which the plant inhales and absorbs carbonic acid and exhales free oxygen.</note>

<h1>Respirational</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Res`pi*ra"tion*al</hw> <tt>(r?s`p?*r?"sh?n-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to respiration; <as>as, <ex>respirational</ex> difficulties</as>.</def>

<h1>Respirative</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spir"a*tive</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?*r?*t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to respiration; <as>as, <ex>respirative</ex> organs</as>.</def>

<h1>Respirator</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Res"pi*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(r?s"p?*r?`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>respirateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>A divice of gauze or wire, covering the mouth or nose, to prevent the inhalation of noxious substances, as dust or smoke. Being warmed by the breath, it tempers cold air passing through it, and may also be used for the inhalation of medicated vapors.</def>

<h1>Respiratory</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spir"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?r"?*t?*r? &or; r?s"p?*r?-)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to respiration; serving for respiration; <as>as, the <ex>respiratory</ex> organs; <ex>respiratory</ex> nerves; the <ex>respiratory</ex> function; <ex>respiratory</ex> changes.</as></def>

<cs><col>Respiratory foods</col>. <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <cd>See 2d Note under <er>Food</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 1.</cd> -- <col>Respiratory tree</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the branched internal gill of certain holothurians.</cd></cs>

<h1>Respire</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spire"</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?r)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Respired</er> <tt>(-sp?rd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vvb. n.</tt> <er>Respiring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>respirare</ets>, <ets>respiratum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>spirare</ets> to breathe: cf. F. <ets>respirer</ets>. See <er>Spirit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take breath again; hence, to take rest or refreshment.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<blockquote>Here leave me to <b>respire</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>From the mountains where I now <b>respire</b>.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To breathe; to inhale air into the lungs, and exhale it from them, successively, for the purpose of maintaining the vitality of the blood.</def>

<h1>Respire</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spire"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To breathe in and out; to inspire and expire,, as air; to breathe.</def>

<blockquote>A native of the land where I <b>respire</b>
The clear air for a while.
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To breathe out; to exhale.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Respite</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Res"pite</hw> <tt>(r?s"p?t)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>respit</ets>, F. <ets>r\'82pit</ets>, from L. <ets>respectus</ets> respect, regard, delay, in LL., the deferring of a day. See <er>Respect</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A putting off of that which was appointed; a postponement or delay.</def>

<blockquote>I crave but four day's <b>respite</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Temporary intermission of labor, or of any process or operation; interval of rest; pause; delay.</def> "Without more <i>respite</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Some pause and <b>respite</b> only I require.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Temporary suspension of the execution of a capital offender; reprieve.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The delay of appearance at court granted to a jury beyond the proper term.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Pause; interval; stop; cessation; delay; postponement; stay; reprieve.</syn>

<h1>Respite</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Res"pite</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Respited</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Respiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>respiter</ets>, LL. <ets>respectare</ets>. See <er>Respite</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>To give or grant a respite to.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To delay or postpone; to put off</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To keep back from execution; to reprieve.</def>

<blockquote>Forty days longer we do <b>respite</b> you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To relieve by a pause or interval of rest</def>. "To <i>respite</i> his day labor with repast."

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Respiteless</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Res"pite*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Without respite.</def>

<i>Baxter.</i>

<h1>Resplendence rsplnd<it>e</it>ns, Resplendency</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw><hw>Re*splen"dence</hw> <tt>(r?*spl?n"d<it>e</it>ns)</tt>, <hw>Re*splen"den*cy</hw> <tt>(-d<it>e</it>n*s?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>resplendentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being resplendent; brilliant luster; vivid brightness; splendor.</def>

<blockquote>Son! thou in whom my glory I behold
In full <b>resplendence</b>, heir of all my might.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>resplendency</b> of his own almighty goodness.
<i>Dr. J. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resplendent</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*splen"dent</hw> <tt>(-d<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>resplendens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>resplendere</ets> to shine brightly; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>splendere</ets> to shine. See <er>Splendid</er>.]</ety> <def>Shining with brilliant luster; very bright.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*splen"dent*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>With royal arras and <b>resplendent</b> gold.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resplendishant</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*splen"dish*ant</hw> <tt>(-d?sh*<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resplendent; brilliant.</def> <mark>[R. & Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fabyan.</i>

<h1>Resplendishing</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*splen"dish*ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resplendent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Resplit</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*split"</hw> <tt>(r?*spl?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To split again.</def>

<h1>Respond</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spond"</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?nd")</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Responded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Responding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>respondre</ets>, F. <ets>r\'82pondre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>respondere</ets>, <ets>responsum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>spondere</ets> to promise. See <er>Sponsor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To say somethin in return; to answer; to reply; <as>as, to <ex>respond</ex> to a question or an argument</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To show some effect in return to a force; to act in response; to accord; to correspond; to suit.</def>

<blockquote>A new affliction strings a new cord in the heart, which <b>responds</b> to some new note of complaint within the wide scale of human woe.
<i>Buckminster.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To every theme <b>responds</b> thy various lay.
<i>Broome.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To render satisfaction; to be answerable; <as>as, the defendant is held to <ex>respond</ex> in damages</as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- To answer; reply; rejoin. See <er>Reply</er>.</syn>

<h1>Respond</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spond"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To answer; to reply.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To suit or accord with; to correspond to.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>For his great deeds <b>respond</b> his speeches great.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Respond</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spond"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An answer; a response.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A short anthem sung at intervals during the reading of a chapter.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A half pier or pillar attached to a wall to support an arch.</def>

<i>Oxf. Gloss.</i>

<h1>Respondence -<it></it>ns, Respondency</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw><hw>Re*spond"ence</hw> <tt>(-<it>?</it>ns)</tt>, <hw>Re*spond"en*cy</hw> <tt>(-<it>e</it>n*s?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of responding; the state of being respondent; an answering.</def>

<i>A. Chalmers.</i>

<blockquote>The angelical soft trembling voice made
To the instruments divine <b>respondence</b> meet.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Respondent</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spond"ent</hw> <tt>(-<it>e</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>respondens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>respondere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disposed or expected to respond; answering; according; corresponding.</def>

<blockquote>Wealth <b>respondent</b> to payment and contributions.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Respondent</h1>
<Xpage=1227>

<hw>Re*spond"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82pondant</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who responds. It corresponds in general to <i>defendant</i>.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who answers in certain suits or proceedings, generally those which are not according to the course of the common law, as in equity and admiralty causes, in petitions for partition, and the like; -- distinquished from <i>appellant</i></def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who maintains a thesis in reply, and whose province it is to refute objections, or overthrow arguments; -- distinguished from <i>opponent</i>.</def>

<i>I. Watts.  </i>

<hr>
<page="1228">
Page 1228<p>

<h1>Respondentia</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re`spon*den"ti*a</hw> <tt>(r?`sp?n*d?n"sh?*?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Respondence</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Commercial Law)</fld> <def>A loan upon goods laden on board a ship. It differs from <i>bottomry</i>, which is a loan on the ship itself.</def>

<i>Bouvier.</i>

<h1>Responsal</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*spon"sal</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?n"s<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Answerable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Responsal</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*spon"sal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf.LL. <ets>resposalis</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is answerable or responsible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Response.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Brevint.</i>

<h1>Response</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*sponse"</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?ns")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>response</ets>, <ets>respons</ets>, F. <ets>r\'82ponse</ets>, from L. <ets>responsum</ets>, from <ets>respondere</ets>. See <er>Respond</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of responding.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An answer or reply.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Reply to an objection in formal disputation</def>. <i>I. Watts</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The answer of the people or congregation to the priest or clergyman, in the litany and other parts of divine service</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(R.C.Ch.)</fld> <def>A kind of anthem sung after the lessons of matins and some other parts of the office</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A repetition of the given subject in a fugue by another part on the fifth above or fourth below.</def> <i>Busby</i>.

<h1>Responseless</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*sponse"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Giving no response.</def>

<h1>Responsibility</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*spon`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?n`s?*b?l"?*t?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ties</plw> <tt>(-t<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>responsabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being responsible, accountable, or answerable, as for a trust, debt, or obligation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That for which anyone is responsible or accountable; <as>as, the <ex>resonsibilities</ex> of power</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Ability to answer in payment; means of paying.</def>

<h1>Responsible</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*spon"si*ble</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?n"s?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>responsable</ets>. See <er>Respond</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Liable to respond; likely to be called upon to answer; accountable; answerable; amenable; <as>as, a guardian is <ex>responsible</ex> to the court for his conduct in the office</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Able to respond or answer for one's conduct and obligations; trustworthy, financially or otherwise; <as>as, to have a <ex>responsible</ex> man for surety</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Involving responsibility; involving a degree of accountability on the part of the person concerned; <as>as, a <ex>responsible</ex> office</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Accountable; answerable; amenable.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*spon"si*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Re*spon"si*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Responsion</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*spon"sion</hw> <tt>(-sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>responsio</ets>. See <er>Respond</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of answering.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(University of Oxford)</fld> <def>The first university examination; -- called also <altname>little go</altname>. See under <er>Little</er>, <tt>a.</tt></def>

<h1>Responsive</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*spon"sive</hw> <tt>(-s?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>resposif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That responds; ready or inclined to respond.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suited to something else; correspondent.</def>

<blockquote>The vocal lay <b>responsive</b> to the strings.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Responsible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*spon"sive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*spon"sive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Responsorial</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re`spon*so"ri*al</hw> <tt>(r?`sp?n*s?"r?-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Responsory; antiphonal.</def>

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<h1>Responsory</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*spon"so*ry</hw> <tt>(r?*sp?n"s?*r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing or making answer; answering.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Responsory</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*spon"so*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ries</plw> <tt>(-r<?/z)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[LL. <ets>responsorium</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The answer of the people to the priest in alternate speaking, in church service.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A versicle sung in answer to the priest, or as a refrain.</def>

<blockquote>Which, if should repeat again, would turn my answers into <b>responsories</b>, and beget another liturgy.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An antiphonary; a response book.</def>

<h1>Rest</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Rest</hw> <tt>(r?st)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>arrest</ets>.]</ety> <def>To arrest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rest</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Rest</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>rest</ets>, <ets>r<?/st</ets>, rest; akin to D. <ets>rust</ets>, G. <ets>rast</ets>. OHG. <ets>rasta</ets>, Dan. & Sw. <ets>rast</ets> rest, repose, Icel. <ets>r<?/st</ets> the distance between two resting places, a mole, Goth. <ets>rasta</ets> a mile, also to Goth. <ets>razn</ets> house, Icel. <ets>rann</ets>, and perhaps to G. <ets>ruhe</ets> rest, repose, AS. <ets>r<?/w</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/ Cf. <er>Ransack</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A state of quiet or repose; a cessation from motion or labor; tranquillity; <as>as, <ex>rest</ex> from mental exertion; <ex>rest</ex> of body or mind</as>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Sleep give thee all his <b>rest</b>!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, freedom from everything which wearies or disturbs; peace; security.</def>

<blockquote>And the land had <b>rest</b> fourscore years.
<i>Judges iii. 30.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sleep; slumber; hence, poetically, death.</def>

<blockquote>How sleep the brave who sink to <b>rest</b>,
By all their country's wishes blest.
<i>Collins.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>That on which anything rests or leans for support; <as>as, a <ex>rest</ex> in a lathe, for supporting the cutting tool or steadying the work</as>.</def>

<blockquote>He made narrowed <b>rests</b> round about, that the beams should not be fastened in the walls of the house.
<i>1 Kings vi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Anc. Armor)</fld> <def>A projection from the right side of the cuirass, serving to support the lance.</def>

<blockquote>Their visors closed, their lances in the <b>rest</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A place where one may rest, either temporarily, as in an inn, or permanently, as, in an abode.</def> "Halfway houses and travelers' <i>rests</i>."

<i>J. H. Newman.</i>

<blockquote>In dust our final <b>rest</b>, and native home.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Ye are not as yet come to the <b>rest</b> and to the inheritance which the Lord your God giveth you.
<i>Deut. xii. 9.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A short pause in reading verse; a c&ae;sura.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>The striking of a balance at regular intervals in a running account.</def> "An account is said to be taken with annual or semiannual <i>rests</i>."

<i>Abbott.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A set or game at tennis.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>10.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Silence in music or in one of its parts; the name of the character that stands for such silence. They are named as notes are, <i>whole</i>, <i>half</i>, <i>quarter</i>,etc.</def>

<cs><col>Rest house</col>, <cd>an empty house for the accomodation of travelers; a caravansary.</cd> <mark>[India]</mark> -- <col>To set</col>, &or; <col>To set up</col>, <col>one's rest</col></mcol>, <cd>to have a settled determination; -- from an old game of cards, when one so expressed his intention to stand or rest upon his hand. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd> <i>Shak. Bacon.</i></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Cessation; pause; intermission; stop; stay; repose; slumber; quiet; ease; quietness; stillness; tranquillity; peacefulness; pease.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Rest</er>, <er>Repose</er>. <i>Rest</i> is a ceasing from labor or exertion; <i>repose</i> is a mode of resting which gives relief and refreshment after toil and labor. The words are commonly interchangeable.</usage>

<h1>Rest</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Rest</hw> <tt>(r?st)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rested</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Resting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>restan</ets>. See <er>Rest</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cease from action or motion, especially from action which has caused weariness; to desist from labor or exertion.</def>

<blockquote>God . . . <b>rested</b> on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.
<i>Gen. ii. 2.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou shalt <b>rest</b>.
<i>Ex. xxiii. 12.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be free from whanever wearies or disturbs; to be quiet or still.</def>

<blockquote>There <b>rest</b>, if any rest can harbor there.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To lie; to repose; to recline; to lan; <as>as, to <ex>rest</ex> on a couch</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To stand firm; to be fixed; to be supported; <as>as, a column <ex>rests</ex> on its pedestal</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To sleep; to slumber; hence, poetically, to be dead.</def>

<blockquote>Fancy . . . then retries
Into her private cell when Nature <b>rests</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To lean in confidence; to trust; to rely; to repose without anxiety; <as>as, to <ex>rest</ex> on a man's promise</as>.</def>

<blockquote>On him I <b>rested</b>, after long debate,
And not without considering, fixed <?/<?/ fate.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To be satisfied; to acquiesce.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>rest</b> in Heaven's determination.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To rest with</col>, <cd>to be in the power of; to depend upon; as, it <i>rests with<i> him to decide.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rest</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Rest</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To lay or place at rest; to quiet.</def>

<blockquote>Your piety has paid
All needful rites, to <b>rest</b> my wandering shade.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To place, as on a support; to cause to lean.</def>

<blockquote>Her weary head upon your bosom <b>rest</b>.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rest</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Rest</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>reste</ets>, fr.  <ets>rester</ets> to remain, L. <ets>restare</ets> to stay back, remain; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>stare</ets> to stand, stay. See <er>Stand</er>, and cf. <er>Arrest</er>, <er>Restive</er>.]</ety> (With the definite article.) <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is left, or which remains after the separation of a part, either in fact or in contemplation; remainder; residue.</def>

<blockquote>Religion gives part of its reward in hand, the present comfort of having done our duty, and, for the <b>rest</b>, it offers us the best security that Heaven can give.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Those not included in a proposition or description; the remainder; others.</def> "Plato and the <i>rest</i> of the philosophers."

<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i>

<blockquote>Armed like the <b>rest</b>, the Trojan prince appears.
<i>DRyden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A surplus held as a reserved fund by a bank to equalize its dividends, etc.; in the Bank of England, the balance of assets above liabilities.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<syn>Syn. -- Remainder; overplus; surplus; remnant; residue; reserve; others.</syn>

<h1>Rest</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Rest</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rester</ets>. See <er>Rest</er> remainder.]</ety> <def>To be left; to remain; to continue to be.</def>

<blockquote>The affairs of men <b>rest</b> still uncertain.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Restagnant</h1>
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<hw>Re*stag"nant</hw> <tt>(r?*st?g"n<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>restagnans</ets>, p. pr. ]</ety> <def>Stagnant; motionless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Restagnate</h1>
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<hw>Re*stag"nate</hw> <tt>(-n?t)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>restagnare</ets> to overflow.]</ety> <def>To stagnate; to cease to flow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

<h1>Restagnation</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re`stag*na"tion</hw> <tt>(-n?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>restagnatio</ets> aninundation.]</ety> <def>Stagnation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Restant</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Res"tant</hw> <tt>(r?s"t<it>a</it>nt)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>restans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>restare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>restant</ets>.  See <er>Rest</er> remainder.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Persistent.</def>

<h1>Restate</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*state"</hw> <tt>(r?*st?t")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To state anew.</def>

<i>Palfrey.</i>

<h1>Restaurant</h1>
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<hw>Res"tau*rant</hw> <tt>(r?s"t?*r?nt;277)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>restaurer</ets>. See <er>Restore</er>.]</ety> <def>An eating house.</def>

<h1>Restaurate</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Res"tau*rate</hw> <tt>(r?s"t?*r?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>restauratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>restaurare</ets>. See <er>Restore</er>.]</ety> <def>To restore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Restaurateur</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re`stau`ra`teur"</hw> <tt>(r?`st?`r?`t?r")</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The keeper of an eathing house or a restaurant.</def>

<h1>Restauration</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Res`tau*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(r?s`t?*r?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>restauratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>restauration</ets>.]</ety> <def>Restoration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Cower.</i>

<h1>Restem</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*stem"</hw> <tt>(r?*st?m")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To force back against the current; <as>as, to <ex>restem</ex> their backward course</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stem, or <?/ove against; <as>as, to <ex>restem</ex> a current</as>.</def>

<h1>Restful</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Rest"ful</hw> <tt>(r?st"f?l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being at rest; quiet.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Giving rest; freeing from toil, trouble, etc.</def>

<blockquote>Tired with all these, for <b>restful</b> death I cry.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rest"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Rest"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Rest-harrow</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Rest"-har`row</hw> <tt>(-h?r`r?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A European leguminous plant (<spn>Ononis arvensis</spn>) with long, tough roots.</def>

<h1>Restiff</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Rest"iff</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Restive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Restiff</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Rest"iff</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A restive or stubborn horse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Restiffness</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Rest"iff*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Restiveness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Restiform</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Res"ti*form</hw> <tt>(r?s"t?*f?rm)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>restis</ets> rope + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Formed like a rope; -- applied especially to several ropelike bundles or masses of fibers on the dorsal side of the medulla oblongata.</def>

<h1>Restily</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Rest"i*ly</hw> <tt>(r?st"?*l?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a resty manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Restinction</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*stinc"tion</hw> <tt>(r?*st?nk"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[L. <ets>restinctio</ets>. See <er>Restinguish</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of quenching or extingishing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Restiness</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Rest"i*ness</hw> <tt>(r?st`*n?s)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being resty; sluggishness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The snake by <b>restiness</b> and lying still all winter.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resting</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Rest"ing</hw>, <def><tt>a. & n.</tt> from <er>Rest</er>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Resting spore</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a spore in certain orders of alg\'91, which remains quiescent, retaining its vitality, for long periods of time.</cd></cs>

<i>C. E. Bessey.</i>

<h1>Restinguish</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*stin"guish</hw> <tt>(r?*st?n"gw?sh)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>restinquere</ets>, <ets>restinctum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>stinquere</ets> to quench.]</ety> <def>To quench or extinguish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>R. Field.</i>

<h1>Restitute</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Res"ti*tute</hw> <tt>(r?s"t?*t?t)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>restitutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>restituere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>statuere</ets> to put, place. See <er>Statute</er>.]</ety> <def>To restore to a former state.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i> Dyer.</i>

<h1>Restitute</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Res"ti*tute</hw>, <tt>n.</tt><def>That which is restored or offered in place of something; a substitute.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Restitution</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Res`ti*tu"tion</hw> <tt>(r?s`t?*t?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>restitution</ets>, L. <ets>restitutio</ets>. See <er>Restitute</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of restoring anything to its rightful owner, or of making good, or of giving an equivalent for any loss, damage, or injury; indemnification.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>restitution</b> of ancient rights unto the crown.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>He <b>restitution</b> to the value makes.
<i>Sandys.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is offered or given in return for what has been lost, injured, or destroved; compensation.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The act of returning to, or recovering, a former state; <as>as, the <ex>restitution</ex> of an elastic body</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The movement of rotetion which usually occurs in childbirth after the head has been delivered, and which causes the latter to point towards the side to which it was directed at the beginning of labor.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Restoration; return; indemnification; reparation; compensation; amends; remuneration.</syn>

<h1>Restitutor</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Res"ti*tu`tor</hw> <tt>(r?s"t?*t?`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.: cf. F. <ets>restituteur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who makes restitution.</def> <mark>[R]</mark>.

<h1>Restive</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Rest"ive</hw> <tt>(r?st"?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>restif</ets>, F. <ets>r\'82tif</ets>, fr. L. <ets>restare</ets> to stay back, withstand, resist. See <er>Rest</er> remainder, and cf. <er>Restiff</er>.]</ety> . <def>Unwilling to go on; obstinate in refusing to move forward; stubborn; drawing back.</def>

<blockquote><b>Restive</b> or resty, drawing back, instead of going forward, as some horses do.
<i>E. Philips (1658).</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The people remarked with awe and wonder that the beasts which were to drag him [Abraham Holmes] to the gallows became <b>restive</b>, and went back.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Inactive; sluggish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Impatient under coercion, chastisement, or opposition; refractory.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Uneasy; restless; averse to standing still; fidgeting about; -- applied especially to horses.</def>

<i>Trench.</i>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rest"ive</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Rest"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Restless</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Rest"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>restle\'a0s</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Never resting; unquiet; uneasy; continually moving; <as>as, a <ex>restless</ex> child</as>.</def> <i>Chaucer</i>. "<i>Restless</i> revolution day by day."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not satisfied to be at rest or in peace; averse to repose or quiet; eager for change; discontented; <as>as, <ex>restless</ex> schemers; <ex>restless</ex> ambition; <ex>restless</ex> subjects</as>.</def>  "<i>Restless</i> at home , and ever prone to range."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Deprived of rest or sleep.</def>

<blockquote><b>Restless</b> he passed the remnants of the night.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Passed in unquietness; <as>as, the patient has had a <ex>restless</ex> night</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Not affording rest; <as>as, a <ex>restless</ex> chair</as>.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<cs><col>Restless thrush</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Grinder</er>, 3.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Unquiet; uneasy; disturbed; disquieted; sleepless; agitated; unsettled; roving; wandering.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rest"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt>- <wf>Rest"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Restorable</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*stor"a*ble</hw> <tt>(r?*st?r"?*b'l)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admitting of being restored; capable of being reclaimed; <as>as, <ex>restorable</ex> land</as>.</def> <i>Swift</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Re*stor"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Restoral</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*stor"al</hw> <tt>(-<it>a</it>l)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>Restoration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Barrow.</i>

<h1>Restoration</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Res`to*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(r?s`t?*r?"sh?n)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>restauracion</ets>, F. <ets>restauration</ets>, fr. L. <ets>restauratio</ets>. See <er>Restore</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of restoring or bringing back to a former place, station, or condition; the fact of being restored; renewal; re\'89stablishment; <as>as, the <ex>restoration</ex> of friendship between enemies; the <ex>restoration</ex> of peace after war</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Behold the different climes agree,
Rejoicing in thy <b>restoration</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being restored; recovery of health, strength, etc.; <as>as, <ex>restoration</ex> from sickness</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is restored or renewed.</def>

<cs><col>The restoration</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>the return of King Charles II. in 1660, and the re\'89stablishment of monarchy.</cd> -- <col>Universal restoration</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>the final recovery of all men from sin and alienation from God to a state of happiness; universal salvation.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Recovery; replacement; renewal; renovation; redintegration; reinstatement; re\'89stablishment; return; revival; restitution; reparation.</syn>

<h1>Restorationer</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Res`to*ra"tion*er</hw> <tt>(-?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Restorationist.</def>

<h1>Restorationism</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Res`to*ra"tion*ism</hw> <tt>(-?z'm)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The belief or doctrines of the Restorationists.</def>

<h1>Restorationist</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Res`to*ra"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt><def>One who believes in a temporary future punishment and a final restoration of all to the favor and presence of God; a Universalist.</def>

<h1>Restorative</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*stor"a*tive</hw> <tt>(r?*st?r"?*t?v)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>restoratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to restoration; having power to restore.</def>

<blockquote>Destroys life's enemy,
Hunger, with sweet <b>restorative</b> delight.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Restorative</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*stor"a*tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something which serves to restore; especially, a restorative medicine.</def>

<i>Arbuthnot.</i>

<h1>Restoratively</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*stor"a*tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a restorative manner.</def>

<h1>Restorator</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Res"to*ra`tor</hw> <tt>(r?s"t?*r?`t?r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A restaurateur.</def>

<h1>Restoratory</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*stor"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(r?*st?r"?*t?*r?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Restorative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Re-store</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re-store"</hw> <tt>(r?*st?r")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + store</ets>.]</ety> <def>To store again; <as>as, the goods taken out were <ex>re-stored</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Restore</h1>
<Xpage=1228>

<hw>Re*store"</hw> <tt>(r?*st?r")</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Restored</er> <tt>(r?-st?rd")</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Restoring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>restoren</ets>, OF. <ets>restorer</ets>, F. <ets>restaurer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>restaurare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + an unused word; cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ an upright pale or stake, Skr. <ets>sth<?/vara</ets> fixed, firm. Cf. <er>Restaurant</er>, <er>Store</er>.]</ety> <def>To bring back to its former state; to bring back from a state of ruin, decay, disease, or the like; to repair; to renew; to recover.</def> "To <i>restore</i> and to build Jerusalem."

<i>Dan. ix. 25.</i>

<blockquote>Our fortune <b>restored</b> after the severest afflictions.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And his hand was <b>restored</b> whole as the other.
<i>Mark iii. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give or bring back, as that which has been lost., or taken away; to bring back to the owner; to replace.</def>

<blockquote>Now therefore <b>restore</b> the man his wife.
<i>Gen. xx. 7.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Loss of Eden, till one greater man
<b>Restore</b> us, and regain the blissful seat.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The father banished virtue shall <b>restore</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To renew; to re\'89stablish; <as>as, to <ex>restore</ex> harmony among those who are variance</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give in place of, or as satisfaction for.</def>

<blockquote>He shall <b>restore</b> five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep.
<i>Ex. xxii. 1.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1229">
Page 1229<p>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To make good; to make amends for.</def>

<blockquote>But if the while I think on thee, dear friend,
All losses are <b>restored</b>, and sorrows end.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To bring back from a state of injury or decay, or from a changed condition; <as>as, to <ex>restore</ex> a painting</as>, statue, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To form a picture or model of, as of something lost or mutilated; <as>as, to <ex>restore</ex> a ruined building, city, or the like</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To return; replace; refund; repay; reinstate; rebuild; re\'89stablish; renew; repair; revive; recover; heal; cure.</syn>

<h1>Restore</h1>
<Xpage=1229>

<hw>Re*store"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Restoration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Restorement</h1>
<Xpage=1229>

<hw>Re*store"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>Restoration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Restorer</h1>
<Xpage=1229>

<hw>Re*stor"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, restores.</def>

<h1>Restrain</h1>
<Xpage=1229>

<hw>Re*strain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Restrained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Restraining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>restreinen</ets>, F. <ets>restreindre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>restringere</ets>, <ets>restrictum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>stringere</ets> to draw, bind, or press together. See <er>Strain</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>, and cf. <er>Restrict</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw back again; to hold back from acting, proceeding, or advancing, either by physical or moral force, or by any interposing obstacle; to repress or suppress; to keep down; to curb.</def>

<blockquote><b>Restrain</b> in me the cursed thoughts that nature
Gives way to in repose!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw back toghtly, as a rein.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To hinder from unlimited enjoiment; to abridge.</def>

<blockquote>Though they two were committed, at least <b>restrained</b> of their liberty.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To limit; to confine; to restrict.</def>

<i>Trench.</i>

<blockquote>Not only a metaphysical or natural, but a moral, universality also is to be <b>restrained</b> by a part of the predicate.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To withhold; to forbear.</def>

<blockquote>Thou <b>restrained</b> prayer before God.
<i>Job. xv. 4.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To check; hinder; stop; withhold; repress; curb; suppress; coerce; restrict; limit; confine.</syn>

<h1>Restrainable</h1>
<Xpage=1229>

<hw>Re*strain"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being restrained; controllable.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Restrainedly</h1>
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<hw>Re*strain"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With restraint.</def>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Restrainer</h1>
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<hw>Re*strain"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, restrains.</def>

<h1>Restrainment</h1>
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<hw>Re*strain"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of restraining.</def>

<h1>Restraint</h1>
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<hw>Re*straint"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>restraincte</ets>, fr. <ets>restrainct</ets>, F. <ets>restreint</ets>, p. p. of <ets>restraindre</ets>, <ets>restrendre</ets>. See <er>Restrain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of restraining, or of holding back or hindering from motion or action, in any manner; hindrance of the will, or of any action, physical or mental.</def>

<blockquote>No man was altogether above the <b>restrains</b> of law, and no man altogether below its protection.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being restrained.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which restrains, as a law, a prohibition, or the like; limitation; restriction.</def>

<blockquote>For one <b>restraint</b>, lords of the world besides.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Repression; hindrance; check; stop; curb;<?/oercion; confinement; limitation; restriction.</syn>

<h1>Restrengthen</h1>
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<hw>Re*strength"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To strengthen again; to fortify anew.</def>

<h1>Restrict</h1>
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<hw>Re*strict"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>restrictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>restringere</ets>. See <er>Restrain</er>.]</ety> <def>Restricted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Restrict</h1>
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<hw>Re*strict"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Restricted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Restricting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To restrain within bounds; to limit; to confine; <as>as, to <ex>restrict</ex> worlds to a particular meaning; to <ex>restrict</ex> a patient to a certain diet.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To limit; bound; circumscribe; restrain; repress; curb; coerce.</syn>

<h1>Restriction</h1>
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<hw>Re*stric"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>restriction</ets>, L. <ets>restrictio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of restricting, or state of being restricted; confinement within limits or bounds.</def>

<blockquote>This is to have the same <b>restriction</b> with all other recreations,that it be made a divertisement.
<i>Giv. of Tonque.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which restricts; limitation; restraint; <as>as, <ex>restrictions</ex> on trade</as>.</def>

<h1>Restrictionary</h1>
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<hw>Re*stric"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Restrictive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Restrictive</h1>
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<hw>Re*strict"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>restrictif</ets>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <def>Serving or tending to restrict; limiting; <as>as, a <ex>restrictive</ex> particle; <ex>restrictive</ex> laws of trade.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Astringent or styptic in effect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wiseman.</i>

--<wordforms><wf>Re*strict"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*strict"ive*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Restringe</h1>
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<hw>Re*stringe"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Restringed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Restringing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>restringere</ets>. See <er>Restrain</er>.]</ety> <def>To confine; to contract; to stringe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Restringency</h1>
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<hw>Re*strin"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Quality or state of being restringent; astringency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Petty.</i>

<h1>Restringent</h1>
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<hw>Re*strin"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>restringens</ets>, p. pr.: cf. F. <ets>restringent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Restringing; astringent; styptic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A restringent medicine.</def></def2> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Restrive</h1>
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<hw>Re*strive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To strive anew.</def>

<h1>Resty</h1>
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<hw>Rest"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Disposed to rest; indisposed toexercton; sluggish; also, restive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Burton.</i>

<blockquote>Where the master is too <b>resty</b> or too rich to say his own prayers.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resubjection</h1>
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<hw>Re`sub*jec"tion</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second subjection.</def>

<h1>Resublime</h1>
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<hw>Re`sub*lime"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To sublime again.</def> <i>Newton</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Re*sub`li*ma"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Resudation</h1>
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<hw>Re`su*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>resudare</ets> to sweat again. See <er>Sudation</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of sweating again.</def>

<h1>Result</h1>
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<hw>Re*sult"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Resulted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Resulting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82sulter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>resultare</ets>, <ets>resultarum</ets>, to spring or leap back, v. intens. fr. <ets>resilire</ets>. See <er>Resile</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To leap back; to rebound.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The huge round stone, <b>resulting</b> with a bound.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come out, or have an issue; to terminate; to have consequences; -- followed by <i>in</i>; <as>as, this measure will <ex>result</ex> in good or in evil</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To proceed, spring, or rise, as a consequence, from facts, arguments, premises, combination of circumstances, consultation, thought, or endeavor.</def>

<blockquote>Pleasure and peace do naturally <b>result</b> from a holy and good life.
<i>Tillotson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Resulting trust</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a trust raised by implication for the benefit of a party granting an estate. The phrase is also applied to a trust raised by implication for the benefit of a party who advances the purchase money of an estate, etc. <i>Bouvier</i>.</cd> -- <col>Resulting use</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a use which, being limited by the deed, expires or can not vest, and thence returns to him who raised it. <i>Bouvier</i>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To proceed; spring; rise; arise; ensue; terminate.</syn>

<h1>Result</h1>
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<hw>Re*sult"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A flying back; resilience.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Sound is produced between the string and the air by the return or the <b>result</b> of the string.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which results; the conclusion or end to which any course or condition of things leads, or which is obtained by any process or operation; consequence or effect; <as>as, the <ex>result</ex> of a course of action; the <ex>result</ex> of a mathematical operation</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If our proposals once again were heard,
We should compel them to a quick <b>result</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The decision or determination of a council or deliberative assembly; a resolve; a decree.</def>

<blockquote>Then of their session ended they bid cry
With trumpet's regal sound the great <b>result</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Effect; consequence; conclusion; inference; issue; event. See <er>Effect</er>.</syn>

<h1>Resultance</h1>
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<hw>Re*sult"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of resulting; that which results; a result.</def>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Resultant</h1>
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<hw>Re*sult"ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>resultans</ets>, p. pr. : cf. F. <ets>r\'82sultant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resulting or issuing from a combination; existing or following as a result or consequence.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Resultant force</col> &or; <col>motion</col></mcol> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a force which is the result of two or more forces acting conjointly, or a motion which is the result of two or more motions combined. See <cref>Composition of forces</cref>, under <er>Composition</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Resultant</h1>
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<hw>Re*sult"ant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which results.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A reultant force or motion</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An eliminant.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>resultant</b> of homogeneous general functions of <it>n</it> variables is that function of their coefficients which, equaled to zero, expresses in the simplest terms the condition of the possibility of their existence.
<i>Sylvester.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resultate</h1>
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<hw>Re*sult"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>resultatus</ets>, p. p. ]</ety> <def>A result.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>resultate</i> of their counsil."

<i>BAcon.</i>

<h1>Resultful</h1>
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<hw>Re*sult"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>HAving results or effects.</def>

<h1>Resultive</h1>
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<hw>Re*sult"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resultant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Resultless</h1>
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<hw>Re*sult"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being without result; <as>as, <ex>resultless</ex> investigations</as>.</def>

<h1>Resumable</h1>
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<hw>Re*sum"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of, or admitting of, being resumed.</def>

<i>Sir M. HAle.</i>

<h1>Resum\'82</h1>
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<hw>Re`su"m\'82"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Resume</er>.]</ety> <def>A summing up; a condensed statement; an abridgment or brief recapitulation.</def>

<blockquote>The exellent little <b>r\'82sum\'82</b> thereof in Dr. Landsborough's book.
<i>C. Kingsley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resume</h1>
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<hw>Re*sume"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp & p. p.</tt> <er>Resumed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Resuming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>resumere</ets>, <ets>resumptum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>sumere</ets> to take: cf. F. <ets>r\'82sumer</ets>. See <er>Assume</er>, <er>Redeem</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take back.</def>

<blockquote>The sun, like this, from which our sight we have,
Gazed on too long, <b>resumes</b> the light he gave.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Perhaps God will <b>resume</b> the blessing he has bestowed ere he attains the age of manhood.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To enter upon, or take up again.</def>

<blockquote>Reason <b>resumed</b> her place, and Passion fled.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To begin again; to recommence, as something which has been interrupted; <as>as, to <ex>resume</ex> an argument or discourse</as>.</def>

<h1>Resummon</h1>
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<hw>Re*sum"mon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To summon again.</def>

<h1>Resummons</h1>
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<hw>Re*sum"mons</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second summons.</def>

<h1>Resumption</h1>
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<hw>Re*sump"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[cf. F. <ets>r\'82sumption</ets>, L.  <ets>resumptio</ets> restoration, recovery, fr. <ets>resumere</ets>. See <er>Resume</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of resuming; <as>as, the <ex>resumption</ex> of a grant, of delegated powers, of an argument, of specie payments, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eng.Law)</fld> <def>The taking again into the king's hands of such lands or tenements as he had granted to any man on false suggestions or other error.</def>

<h1>Resumptive</h1>
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<hw>Re*sump"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[cf. L. <ets>resumptivus</ets> restorative.]</ety> <def>Taking back; resuming, or tending toward resumption; <as>as, <ex>resumptive</ex> measures</as>.</def>

<h1>Resupinate</h1>
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<hw>Re*su"pi*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>resupinatus</ets>, p. p.  of <ets>resupinare</ets> to bend back. See <er>Resupine</er>.]</ety> <def>Inverted in position; appearing to be upside down or reversed, as the flowers of the orchis and the leaves of some plants.</def>

<h1>Resupinated</h1>
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<hw>Re*su"pi*na`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Resupinate.</def>

<h1>Resupination</h1>
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<hw>Re*su`pi*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of luing on the back; the state of being resupinate, or reversed.</def>

<blockquote>Our Vitruvius calleth this affection in the eye a <b>resupination</b> of the figure.
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resupine</h1>
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<hw>Re`su*pine"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>resupinus</ets>; pref.<ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>supinus</ets> bent backward, supine.]</ety> <def>Lying on the back; supine; hence, careless.</def>

<i>Sir K. Digby.</i>

<blockquote>He spake, and, downward swayed, fell <b>resupine</b>,
With his huge neck aslant.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resupply</h1>
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<hw>Re`sup*ply"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To supply again.</def>

<h1>Resurgence</h1>
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<hw>Re*sur"gence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of rising again; resurrection.</def>

<h1>Resurgent</h1>
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<hw>Re*sur"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>resurgens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>resurgere</ets>. See <er>Resurrection</er>.]</ety> <def>Rising again, as from the dead.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Resurgent</h1>
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<hw>Re*sur"gent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rises again, as from the dead.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Sydney Smith.</i>

<h1>Resirrect</h1>
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<hw>Res`ir*rect"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Resurrection</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take from the grave; to disinter.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To reanimate; to restore to life; to bring to view (that which was forgotten or lost).</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Resurrection</h1>
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<hw>Res`ur*rec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82surrection</ets>, L. <ets>resurrectio</ets>, fr. <ets>resurgere</ets>, <ets>resurrectum</ets>, to rise again; pref.  <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>surgere</ets> to rise. See <er>Source</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rising again; the resumption of vigor.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Especially, the rising again from the dead; the resumption of life by the dead; <as>as, the <ex>resurrection</ex> of Jesus Christ; the general <ex>resurrection</ex> of all the dead at the Day of Judgment.</as></def>

<blockquote>Nor after <b>resurrection</b> shall he stay
Longer on earth.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>State of being risen from the dead; future state.</def>

<blockquote>In the <b>resurrection</b> they neither marry nor are given in marriage.
<i>Matt. xxii. 30.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The cause or exemplar of a rising from the dead.</def>

<blockquote>I am the <b>resurrection</b>, and the life.
<i>John xi. 25.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Cross of the resurrection</col>, <cd>a slender cross with a pennant floating from the junction of the bars.</cd> -- <col>Resurrection plant</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to several species of <spn>Selaginella</spn> (as <spn>S. convoluta</spn> and <spn>S. lepidophylla</spn>), flowerless plants which, when dry, close up so as to resemble a bird's nest, but revive and expand again when moistened. The name is sometimes also given to the rose of Jericho. See under <er>Rose</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Resurrectionist</h1>
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<hw>Res`ur*rec"tion*ist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who steals bodies from the grave, as for dissection.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Resurrectionize</h1>
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<hw>Res`ur*rec"tion*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To raise from the dead.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Resurvey</h1>
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<hw>Re`sur*vey"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To survey again or anew; to review.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Resurvey</h1>
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<hw>Re*sur"vey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second or new survey.</def>

<h1>Resuscitable</h1>
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<hw>Re*sus"ci*ta*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of resuscitation; <as>as, <ex>resuscitable</ex> plants</as>.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Resuscitant</h1>
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<hw>Re*sus"ci*tant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which resuscitates. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Resuscitate</h1>
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<hw>Re*sus"ci*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>resuscitatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>resuscitare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>suscitare</ets> to raise, rouse. See <er>Suscitate</er>.]</ety> <def>Restored to life.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Gardiner.</i>

<h1>Resuscitate</h1>
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<hw>Re*sus"ci*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Resuscitated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Resuscitating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To revivify; to revive; especially, to recover or restore from apparent death; <as>as, to <ex>resuscitate</ex> a drowned person; to <ex>resuscitate</ex> withered plants.</as></def>

<h1>Resuscitate</h1>
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<hw>Re*sus"ci*tate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To come to life again; to revive.</def>

<blockquote>These projects, however often slain, always <b>resuscitate</b>.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resuscitation</h1>
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<hw>Re*sus`ci*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>resuscitatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of resuscitating, or state of being resuscitated.</def>

<blockquote>The subject of <b>resuscitation</b> by his sorceries.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Resuscitative</h1>
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<hw>Re*sus"ci*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to resuscitate; reviving; revivifying.</def>

<h1>Resuscitator</h1>
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<hw>Re*sus"ci*ta`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, resuscitates.</def>

<h1>Ret</h1>
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<hw>Ret</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Aret</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ret</h1>
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<hw>Ret</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Akin to <ets>rot</ets>.]</ety> <def>To prepare for use, as flax, by separating the fibers from the woody part by process of soaking, macerating, and other treatment.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Retable</h1>
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<hw>Re*ta"ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A shelf behind the altar, for display of lights, vases of wlowers, etc.</def>

<h1>Retail</h1>
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<hw>Re"tail</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>retaille</ets> piece cut off, shred, paring, or OF. <ets>retail</ets>, from <ets>retailler</ets>. See <er>Retail</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>The sale of commodities in small quantities or parcels; -- opposed to <i>wholesale</i>; sometimes, the sale of commodities at second hand.</def>

<h1>Retail</h1>
<Xpage=1229>

<hw>Re"tail</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Done at retail; engaged in retailing commodities; as a <i>retail</i> trade; a <i>retail</i> grocer.</def>

<h1>Retail</h1>
<Xpage=1229>

<hw>Re*tail"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Retailed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Retailing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>retailler</ets> to cut again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re + <ets>tailler</ets> to cut. See <er>Retail</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, <er>Tailor</er>, and cf. <er>Detail</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sell in small quantities, as by the single yard, pound, gallon, etc.; to sell directly to the consumer; <as>as, to <ex>retail</ex> cloth or groceries</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To sell at second hand.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Pope.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To distribute in small portions or at second hand; to tell again or to many (what has been told or done); to report; <as>as, to <ex>retail</ex> slander</as>.</def> "To whom I will <i>retail</i> my conquest won."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>He is wit's peddler, and <b>retails</b> his wares
At wakes and wassails.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Retailer</h1>
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<hw>Re*tail"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who retails anything; <as>as, a <ex>retailer</ex> of merchandise; a <ex>retailer</ex> of gossip.</as></def>

<h1>Retailment</h1>
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<hw>Re*tail"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of retailing.</def>

<h1>Retain</h1>
<Xpage=1229>

<hw>Re*tain"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Retained</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Retaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>retainir</ets>, L. <ets>retinere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>tenere</ets> to hold, keep. See <er>Tenable</er>, and cf. <er>Rein</er> of a bridle, <er>Retention</er>, <er>Retinue</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To continue to hold; to keep in possession; not to lose, part with, or dismiss; to retrain from departure, escape, or the like.</def> "Thy shape invisible<i>retain</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Be obedient, and <b>retain</b>
Unalterably firm his love entire.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>An executor may <b>retain</b> a debt due to him from the testator.
<i>Blackstone.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To keep in pay; to employ by a preliminary fee paid; to hire; to engage; <as>as, to <ex>retain</ex> a counselor</as>.</def>

<blockquote>A Benedictine convent has now <b>retained</b> the most learned father of their order to write in its defense.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To restrain; to prevent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir W. Temple.</i>

<cs><col>Retaining wall</col> <fld>(Arch. & Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a wall built to keep any movable backing, or a bank of sand or earth, in its place; -- called also <altname>retain wall</altname>.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To keep; hold; retrain. See <er>Keep</er>.</syn>

<h1>Retain</h1>
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<hw>Re*tain"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To belong; to pertain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A somewhat languid relish, <b>retaining</b> to bitterness.
<i>Boyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To keep; to continue; to remain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Donne.</i>

<h1>Retainable</h1>
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<hw>Re*tain"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being retained.</def>

<h1>Retainal</h1>
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<hw>Re*tain"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of retaining; retention.</def>

<h1>Retainer</h1>
<Xpage=1229>

<hw>Re*tain"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, retains.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who is retained or kept in service; an attendant; an adherent; a hanger-on.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, a servant, not a domestic, but occasionally attending and wearing his master's livery.</def>

<i>Cowell.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>(Law) <sd>(a)</sd> The act of a client by which he engages a lawyer or counselor to manage his cause. <sd>(b)</sd> The act of withholding what one has in his hands by virtue of some right. <sd>(c)</sd> A fee paid to engage a lawyer or counselor to maintain a cause, or to prevent his being employed by the opposing party in the case; -- called also <altname>retaining fee</altname>.</def>

<i>Bouvier.  Blackstone.</i>

<hr>
<page="1230">
Page 1230<p>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The act of keeping dependents, or the state of being in dependence.</def>

<i> Bacon.</i>

<h1>Retainment</h1>
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<hw>Re*tain"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of retaining; retention.</def>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Retake</h1>
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<hw>Re*take"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take or receive again.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take from a captor; to recapture; <as>as, to <ex>retake</ex> a ship or prisoners</as>.</def>

<h1>Retaker</h1>
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<hw>Re*tak"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who takes again what has been taken; a recaptor.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<h1>Retaliate</h1>
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<hw>Re*tal"i*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Retaliated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Retaliating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>retaliatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>retaliare</ets> to retaliate; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + a word akin to <ets>talio</ets> talion, retaliation. Cf. <er>Talion</er>.]</ety> <def>To return the like for; to repay or requite by an act of the same kind; to return evil for (evil). [Now seldom used except in a bad sense.]</def>

<blockquote>One ambassador sent word to the duke's son that his visit should be <b>retaliated</b>.
<i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>It is unlucky to be obliged to <b>retaliate</b> the injuries of authors, whose works are so soon forgotten that we are in danger of appearing the first aggressors.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Retaliate</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*tal"i*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To return like for like; specifically, to return evil for evil; <as>as, to <ex>retaliate</ex> upon an enemy</as>.</def>

<h1>Retaliation</h1>
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<hw>Re*tal`i*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of retaliating, or of returning like for like; retribution; now, specifically, the return of evil for evil; <i>e</i>.<i>g</i>., an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.</def>

<blockquote>God . . . takes what is done to others as done to himself, and by promise obloges himself to full <b>retaliation</b>.
<i>Calamy.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Requital; reprisal; retribution; punishment.</syn>

<h1>Retaliative</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*tal"i*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Retaliatory</er>.</def>

<h1>Retaliatory</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*tal"i*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending to, or involving, retaliation; retaliative; as <i>retaliatory</i> measures.</def>

<h1>Retard</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*tard"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Retarded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Retarding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>retardare</ets>, <ets>retardatum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>tardare</ets> to make slow, to delay, fr. <ets>tardus</ets> slow: cf. F. <ets>retarder</ets>. See <er>Tardy</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To keep delaying; to continue to hinder; to prevent from progress; to render more slow in progress; to impede; to hinder; <as>as, to <ex>retard</ex> the march of an army; to <ex>retard</ex> the motion of a ship</as>; -- opposed to <ant>accelerate</ant>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put off; to postpone; <as>as, to <ex>retard</ex> the attacks of old age; to <ex>retard</ex> a rupture between nations.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- To impede; hinder; obstruct; detain; delay; procrastinate; postpone; defer.</syn>

<h1>Retard</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*tard"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To stay back.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir. T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Retard</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*tard"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Retardation; delay.</def>

<-- 2. A mentally retarded person. [Colloq.] -->

<cs><mcol><col>Retard</col>, &or; <col>Age</col>, <col>of the tide</col></mcol>, <cd>the interval between the transit of the moon at which a tide originates and the appearance of the tide itself. It is found, in general, that any particular tide is not principally due to the moon's transit immediatelly proceeding, but to a transit which has occured some time before, and which is said to correspond to it. The <i>retard of the tide<i> is thus distinguished from the <i>lunitidal interval<i>. See under <er>Retardation</er>. r<i>Ham. Nav. Encyc<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Retardation</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re`tar*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>retardatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>retardation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of retarding; hindrance; the act of delaying; <as>as, the <ex>retardation</ex> of the motion of a ship</as>; -- opposed to <ant>acceleration</ant>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>retardations</b> of our fluent motion.
<i>De Quinsey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which retards; an obstacle; an obstruction.</def>

<blockquote>Hills, sloughs, and other terrestrial <b>retardations</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The keeping back of an approaching consonant chord by prolonging one or more tones of a previous chord into the intermediate chord which follows; -- differing from <i>suspension</i> by resolving upwards instead of downwards.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The extent to which anything is retarded; the amount of retarding or delay.</def>

<cs><col>Retardation of the tide</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The lunitidal interval, or the hour angle of the moon at the time of high tide any port; the interval between the transit of the moon and the time of high tide next following</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The age of the tide; the retard of the tide</cd>. See under <er>Retard</er>, <tt>n.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Retardative</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*tard"a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>retardatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending, or serving, to retard.</def>

<h1>Retarder</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*tard"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, retards.</def>

<h1>Retardment</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*tard"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>retardement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of retarding; retardation.</def>

<i>Cowley.</i>

<h1>Retch</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Retch</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Retched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Retching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>hr<?/can</ets> to clear the throat, hawk, fr. <ets>hraca</ets> throat; akin to G. <ets>rachen</ets>, and perhaps to E. <ets>rack</ets> neck.]</ety> <def>To make an effort to vomit; to strain, as in vomiting.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>reach</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>Beloved Julia, hear me still beseeching!
(Here he grew inarticulate with <b>retching</b>.)
<i>Byron.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Retch</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Retch</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Reck</er>.]</ety> <def>To care for; to heed; to reck.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Retchless</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Retch"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Careless; reckless.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dryden.</i>

--- <wordforms><wf>Retch"less*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Retch"less*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>

<h1>Rete</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re"te</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a net.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A net or network; a plexus; particularly, a network of blood vessels or nerves, or a part resembling a network.</def>

<h1>Retecious</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*te"cious</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rete</ets> a net.]</ety> <def>Resembling network; retiform.</def><-- sic. -->

<h1>Retection</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*tec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>retegere</ets>, <ets>retectum</ets>, to uncover; pref. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>tegere</ets> to cover.]</ety> <def>Act of disclosing or uncovering something concealed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<h1>Retell</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*tell</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tell again.</def>

<h1>Retene</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Ret"ene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ pine resin.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline hydrocarbon, polymeric with benzene. It is extracted from pine tar, and is also found in certain fossil resins.</def>

<h1>Retent</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*tent"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>retentum</ets>, fr. <ets>retentus</ets>, p. p. See <er>Retain</er>.]</ety> <def>That which is retained.</def>

<i>Hickok.</i>

<h1>Retention</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*ten"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>retentio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82tention</ets>. See <er>Retain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of retaining, or the state of being ratined.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The power of retaining; retentiveness.</def>

<blockquote>No woman's heart
So big, to hold so much; they lack <b>retention</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which contains something, as a tablet; a <?/<?/<?/<?/ of preserving impressions.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The act of withholding; retraint; reserve.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Place of custody or confinement.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The right of withholding a debt, or of retaining property until a debt due to the person claiming the right be duly paid; a lien.</def>

<i>Erskine. Craig.</i>

<cs><col>Retention cyst</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a cyst produced by obstruction of a duct leading from a secreting organ and the consequent retention of the natural secretions.</cd></cs>

<h1>Retentive</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*ten"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82tentif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having power to retain; <as>as, a <ex>retentive</ex> memory</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Nor airless dungeon, nor strong links of iron,
Can be <b>retentive</b> to the strength of spirit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Retentive</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*ten"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which retains or confines; a restraint.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Retentively</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*ten"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a retentive manner.</def>

<h1>Retentiveness</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*ten"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being retentive.</def>

<h1>Retentivity</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re`ten*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>The power of retaining; retentive force; <as>as, the <ex>retentivity</ex> of a magnet</as>.</def>

<h1>Retentor</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*ten"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a retainer.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A muscle which serves to retain an organ or part in place, esp. when retracted. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Phylactolemata</er>.</def>

<h1>Retepore</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re`te*pore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rete</ets> a net + <ets>porus</ets> pore.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of bryozoans of the genus <spn>Retepora</spn>. They form delicate calcareous corals, usually composed of thin fenestrated fronds.</def>

<h1>Retex</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*tex"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>retexere</ets>, lit., to unweave; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re + <ets>texere</ets> to weave. ]</ety> <def>To annual, as orders.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hacket.</i>

<h1>Retexture</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re*tex"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of weaving or forming again.</def>

<i>Carlyle.</i>

<h1>Rethor</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Reth"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rh\'82teur</ets>. See <er>Rhetor</er>.]</ety> <def>A rhetorician; a careful writer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>If a <b>rethor</b> couthe fair endite.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rethoryke</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Reth"o*ryke</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rhetoric.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Retiarius</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re`ti*a"ri*us</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>rete</ets> a net.]</ety> <fld>(Rom.Antiq.)</fld> <def>A gladiator armed with a net for entangling his adversary and a trident for despatching him.</def>

<h1>Retiary</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re"ti*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Retiarius</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any spider which spins webs to catch its prey.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A retiarius.</def>

<h1>Retiary</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Re`ti*a*ry</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>retiarius</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Netlike.</def>

<blockquote>This work is in <b>retiary</b>, or hanging textures.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Constructing or using a web, or net, to catch prey; -- said of certain spiders.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Armed with a net; hence, skillful to entangle.</def>

<blockquote>Scholastic <b>retiary</b> versatility of logic.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reticence</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Ret"i*cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reticentia</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82ticence</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being reticent, or keeping silence; the state of holding one's tonque; refraining to speak of that which is suggested; uncommunicativeness.</def>

<blockquote>Such fine reserve and noble <b>reticence</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which a person really speaks of a thing while he makes a show as if he would say nothingon the subject.</def>

<h1>Reticency</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Ret"i*cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reticence.</def>

<h1>Reticent</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Ret"i*cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reticens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>reticere</ets> to keep silence; <ets>re- + tacere</ets> to be silent. See <er>Tacit</er>.]</ety> <def>Inclined to keep silent; reserved; uncommunicative.</def>

<h1>Reticle</h1>
<Xpage=1230>

<hw>Ret"i*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Reticule</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small net.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A reticule. See <er>Reticule</er>,<er>2</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Reticular</h1>
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<hw>Re*tic"u*lar</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82ticulaire</ets>. See <er>Reticule</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having the form of a net, or of network; formed with interstices; retiform; <as>as, <ex>reticular</ex> cartilage; a <ex>reticular</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a reticulum.</def>

<h1>Reticularia</h1>
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<hw>Re*tic`u*la"ri*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Reticular</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive division of rhizopods in which the pseudopodia are more or less slender and coalesce at certain points, forming irregular meshes. It includes the shelled Foraminifera, together with some groups which lack a true shell.</def>

<h1>Reticularian</h1>
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<hw>Re*tic`u*la"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld>. <def>One of the Reticularia.</def>

<h1>Reticularly</h1>
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<hw>Re*tic"u*lar*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a reticular manner.</def>

<h1>Reticulate, Reticulated</h1>
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<hw><hw>Re*tic"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Re*tic"u*la`ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reticulatus</ets>. See <er>Reticule</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Resembling network; having the form or appearance of a net; netted; <as>as, a <ex>reticulated</ex> structure</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having veins, fibers, or lines crossing like the threads or fibers of a network; <as>as, a <ex>reticulate</ex> leaf; a <ex>reticulated</ex> surface; a <ex>reticulated</ex> wing of an insect.</as></def>

<cs><col>Reticulated glass</col>, <cd>ornamental ware made from glass in which one set of white or colored lines seems to meet and interlace with another set in a different plane.</cd> -- <col>Reticulated micrometer</col>, <cd>a micrometer for an optical instrument, consisting of a reticule in the focus of an eyepiece.</cd> -- <col>Reticulated work</col> <fld>(Masonry)</fld>, <cd>work constructed with diamond-shaped stones, or square stones placed diagonally.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reticulation</h1>
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<hw>Re*tic`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being reticulated, or netlike; that which is reticulated; network; an organization resembling a net.</def>

<blockquote>The particular net you occupy in the great <b>reticulation</b>.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reticule</h1>
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<hw>Ret"i*cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n..</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82ticule</ets>, L. <ets>reticulum</ets>, dim. of <ets>rete</ets> a net. Cf.<er>Retina</er>, <er>Reticle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A little bag, originally of network; a woman's workbag, or a little bag to be carried in the hand.</def>

<i>De Quincey.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A system of wires or lines in the focus of a telescope or other instrument; a reticle.</def>

<h1>Reticulosa</h1>
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<hw>Re*tic`u*lo"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Reticularia</er>.</def>

<h1>Reticulose</h1>
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<hw>Re*tic"u*lose`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Forming a network; characterized by a reticulated sructure.</def>

<cs><col>Reticulose rhizopod</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a rhizopod in which the pseudopodia blend together and form irregular meshes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reticulum</h1>
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<hw>Re*tic"u*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>;<plu>pl. <plw>Reticula</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. dim. of <ets>rete</ets> a net.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The second stomach of ruminants, in which folds of the mucous membrane form hexagonal cells; -- also called the <altname>honeycomb stomach</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The neuroglia.</def>

<h1>Retiform</h1>
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<hw>Ret"i*form</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rete</ets> a net + <ets>-form</ets>. cf. F. <ets>r\'82tiforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Composed of crossing lines and interstices; reticular; netlike; <as>as, the <ex>retiform</ex> coat of the eye</as>.</def>

<h1>Retina</h1>
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<hw>Ret"i*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>rete</ets> a net. Cf. <er>Reticule</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The delicate membrane by which the back part of the globe of the eye is lined, and in which the fibers of the optic nerve terminate. See <er>Eye</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; The fibers of the optic nerve and the retinal blood vessels spread out upon the front surface of the retina, while the sensory layer (called <i>Jacob's membrane</i>), containing the rods and cones, is on the back side, next the choroid coat.</note>

<h1>Retinaculum</h1>
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<hw>Ret`i*nac"u*lum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Retinacula</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a holdfast, a band. See <er>Retain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A connecting band; a fr\'91num; <as>as, the <ex>retinacula</ex> of the ileoc\'91cal and ileocolic valves</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the annular ligaments which hold the tendons close to the bones at the larger joints, as at the wrist and ankle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>One of the retractor muscles of the proboscis of certain worms.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small gland or process to which bodies are attached; <as>as, the glandular <ex>retinacula</ex> to which the pollinia of orchids are attached, or the hooks which support the seeds in many acanthaceous plants</as>.</def>

<h1>Retinal</h1>
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<hw>Ret"i*nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the retina.</def>

<cs><col>Retinal purple</col> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the visual purple.</cd></cs>

<h1>Retinalite</h1>
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<hw>Re*tin"a*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ resin + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A translucent variety of serpentine, of a honey yellow or greenish yellow color, having a waxy resinlike luster.</def>

<h1>Retinasphalt, Retinasphaltum</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ret`in*as"phalt</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ret`in*as*phal"tum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ resin + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ asphalt.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Retinite.</def>

<h1>Retinerved</h1>
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<hw>Ret"i*nerved`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rete</ets> a net + E. <ets>nerve</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having reticulated veins.</def>

<h1>Retineum</h1>
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<hw>Ret`i*ne"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Retinea</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL. See <er>Retina</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That part of the eye of an invertebrate which corresponds in function with the retina of a vertebrate.</def>

<h1>Retinic</h1>
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<hw>Re*tin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ resin.]</ety> <fld>(Min. Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to resin; derived from resin; specifically, designating an acid found in certain fossil resins and hydrocarbons.</def>

<h1>Retinite</h1>
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<hw>Ret"i*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/<?/<?/ resin: cf. F. <ets>r\'82tinite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An inflammable mineral resin, usually of a yellowish brown color, found in roundish masses, sometimes with coal.</def>

<h1>Retinitis</h1>
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<hw>Ret`i*ni"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. NL. & E. <ets>retina + -tis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the retina.</def>

<h1>Retinoid</h1>
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<hw>Ret"i*noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ resin + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resinlike, or resinform; resembling a resin without being such.</def>

<h1>Retnol</h1>
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<hw>Ret"*nol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ resin + L. <ets>ole</ets>um oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon oil obtained by the distillation of resin, -- used in printer's ink.</def>

<h1>Retinophora</h1>
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<hw>Ret`i*noph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Retiniphor\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. NL. & E. <ets>retina</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of group of two to four united cells which occupy the axial part of the ocelli, or ommatidia, of the eyes of invertebrates, and contain the terminal nerve fibrill\'91. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Ommatidium</er>.</def>

<h1>Retinophoral</h1>
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<hw>Ret`i*noph"o*ral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to retinophor\'91.</def>

<h1>Retinoscopy</h1>
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<hw>Ret`i*nos"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Retina</ets> + <ets>-scopy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The study of the retina of the eye by means of the ophthalmoscope.</def>

<h1>Retinue</h1>
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<hw>Ret"i*nue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>retinue</ets>, OF. <ets>retinue</ets>, fr. <ets>retenir</ets> to retain, engage, hire. See <er>Retain</er>.]</ety> <def>The body of retainers who follow a prince or other distinguished person; a train of attendants; a suite.</def>

<blockquote>Others of your insolent <b>retinue</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>What followers, what <b>retinue</b> canst thou gain?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To have at one's retinue</col>, <cd>to keep or employ as a retainer; to retain. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Retinula</h1>
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<hw>Re*tin"u*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Retinul\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of NL. & E. <ets>retina</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the group of pigmented cells which surround the retinophor\'91 of invertebrates. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Ommatidium</er>.</def>

<h1>Retinulate</h1>
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<hw>Re*tin"u*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having, or characterized by, retinul<?/.</def>

<h1>Retiped</h1>
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<hw>Ret`i*ped</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rete</ets> a net + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, a foot: cf. F. <ets>r\'82tinop\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird having small polygonal scales covering the tarsi.</def>

<h1>Retiracy</h1>
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<hw>Re*tir"a*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Retirement; -- mostly used in a jocose or burlesque way.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

<i>Bartlett.</i>

<blockquote>What one of our great men used to call dignified <b>retiracy</b>.
<i>C. A. Bristed.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Retirade</h1>
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<hw>Ret`i*rade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.; cf. Sp. <ets>retirada</ets> retreat. See <er>Retire</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A kind of retrenchment, as in the body of a bastion, which may be disputed inch by inch after the defenses are dismantled. It usually consists of two faces which make a re\'89ntering angle.</def>

<h1>Retire</h1>
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<hw>Re*tire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Retired</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Retiring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>retirer</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>tirer</ets> to draw. See <er>Tirade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To withdraw; to take away; -- sometimes used reflexively.</def>

<blockquote>He . . . <b>retired</b> himself, his wife, and children into a forest.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As when the sun is present all the year,
And never doth <b>retire</b> his golden ray.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1231">
Page 1231<p>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To withdraw from circulation, or from the market; to take up and pay; <as>as, to <ex>retire</ex> bonds; to <ex>retire</ex> a note.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause to retire; specifically, to designate as no longer qualified for active service; to place on the retired list; <as>as, to <ex>retire</ex> a military or naval officer</as>.</def>

<h1>Retire</h1>
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<hw>Re*tire"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go back or return; to draw back or away; to keep aloof; to withdraw or retreat, as from observation; to go into privacy; <as>as, to <ex>retire</ex> to his home; to <ex>retire</ex> from the world, or from notice.</as></def>

<blockquote>To Una back he cast him to <b>retire</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The mind contracts herself, and shrinketh in,
And to herself she gladly doth <b>retire</b>.
<i>Sir J. Davies.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To retreat from action or danger; to withdraw for safety or pleasure; <as>as, to <ex>retire</ex> from battle</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Set Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle, and <b>retire</b> ye from him, that he may be smitten, and die.
<i>2 Sam. xi. 15.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To withdraw from a public station, or from business; <as>as, having made a large fortune, he <ex>retired</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>And from Britannia's public posts <b>retire</b>.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To recede; to fall or bend back; <as>as, the shore of the sea <ex>retires</ex> in bays and gulfs</as>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To go to bed; <as>as, he usually <ex>retires</ex> early</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To withdraw; leave; depart; secede; recede; retreat; retrocede.</syn>

<h1>Retire</h1>
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<hw>Re*tire"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of retiring, or the state of being retired; also, a place to which one retires.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The battle and the <b>retire</b> of the English succors.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[Eve] discover'd soon the place of her <b>retire</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A call sounded on a bugle, announcing to skirmishers that they are to retire, or fall back.</def>

<h1>Retired</h1>
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<hw>Re*tired"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Private; secluded; quiet; <as>as, a <ex>retired</ex> life; a person of <ex>retired</ex> habits.</as></def>

<blockquote>A <b>retired</b> part of the peninsula.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Withdrawn from active duty or business; <as>as, a <ex>retired</ex> officer; a <ex>retired</ex> physician.</as></def>

<cs><col>Retired flank</col> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>, <cd>a flank bent inward toward the rear of the work.</cd> -- <col>Retired list</col> <fld>(Mil. & Naval)</fld>, <cd>a list of officers, who, by reason of advanced age or other disability, are relieved from active service, but still receive a specified amount of pay from the government.</cd></cs>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*tired"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*tired"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Retirement</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*tire"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>retirement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of retiring, or the state of being retired; withdrawal; seclusion; <as>as, the <ex>retirement</ex> of an officer</as>.</def>

<blockquote>O, blest <b>Retirement</b>, friend of life's decline.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Retirement</b>, rural quiet, friendship, books.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place of seclusion or privacy; a place to which one withdraws or retreats; a private abode.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>This coast full of princely <b>retirements</b> for the sumptousness of their buildings and nobleness of the plantations.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Caprea had been the <b>retirement</b> of Augustus.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Solitude; withdrawment; departure; retreat; seclusion; privacy. See <er>Solitude</er>.</syn>

<h1>Retirer</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*tir"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who retires.</def>

<h1>Retiring</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*tir"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Reserved; shy; not forward or obtrusive; <as>as, <ex>retiring</ex> modesty; <ex>retiring</ex> manners.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to retirement; causing retirement; suited to, or belonging to, retirement.</def>

<cs><col>Retiring board</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a board of officers who consider and report upon the alleged incapacity of an officer for active service.</cd> -- <col>Retiring pension</col>, <cd>a pension granted to a public officer on his retirement from office or service.</cd></cs>

<h1>Retistene</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Ret"i*stene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline hydrocarbon produced indirectly from retene.</def>

<h1>Retitel\'91</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Ret`i*te"l\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. <ets>rete</ets> a net + <ets>tela</ets> a web.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of spiders which spin irregular webs; -- called also <altname>Retitelari\'91</altname>.</def>

<h1>Retold</h1>
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<hw>Re*told"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Retell</er>.</def>

<h1>Retorsion</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*tor"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Retortion</er>.</def>

<h1>Retort</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*tort"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Retorted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Retorting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>retortus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>retorquere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>torquere</ets> to turn twist. See <er>Torsion</er>, and cf. <er>Retort</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 2.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bend or curve back; <as>as, a <ex>retorted</ex> line</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With <b>retorted</b> head, pruned themselves as they floated.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To throw back; to reverberate; to reflect.</def>

<blockquote>As when his virtues, shining upon others,
Heat them and they <b>retort</b> that heat again
To the first giver.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To return, as an argument, accusation, censure, or incivility; <as>as, to <ex>retort</ex> the charge of vanity</as>.</def>

<blockquote>And with <b>retorted</b> scorn his back he turned.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Retort</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*tort"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To return an argument or a charge; to make a severe reply.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Retort</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*tort"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Retort</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The return of, or reply to, an argument, charge, censure, incivility, taunt, or witticism; a quick and witty or severe response.</def>

<blockquote>This is called the <b>retort</b> courteous.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[F. <ets>retorte</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>retorta</ets>), fr. L. <ets>retortus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>retorquere</ets>. So named from its bent shape. See <er>Retort</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Chem. & the Arts)</fld> <def>A vessel in which substances are subjected to distillation or decomposition by heat. It is made of different forms and materials for different uses, as a bulb of glass with a curved beak to enter a receiver for general chemical operations, or a cylinder or semicylinder of cast iron for the manufacture of gas in gas works.</def>

<cs><col>Tubulated retort</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a retort having a tubulure for the introduction or removal of the substances which are to be acted upon.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Repartee; answer.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Retort</er>, <er>Repartee</er>. A <i>retort</i> is a short and pointed reply, turning back on an assailant the arguments, censure, or derision he had thrown out. A <i>repartee</i> is usually a good-natured return to some witty or sportive remark.</usage>

<h1>Retorter</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*tort"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who retorts.</def>

<h1>Retortion</h1>
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<hw>Re*tor"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82torsion</ets>. See <er>Retort</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of retorting or throwing back; reflection or turning back.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>retorsion</asp>.]</altsp>

<blockquote>It was, however, necessary to possess some single term expressive of this intellectual <b>retortion</b>.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Retaliation.</def>

<i>Wharton.</i>

<h1>Retortive</h1>
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<hw>Re*tort"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing retort.</def>

<h1>Retoss</h1>
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<hw>Re*toss"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To toss back or again.</def>

<h1>Retouch</h1>
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<hw>Re*touch"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + touch</ets>: cf. F. <ets>retoucher</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To touch again, or rework, in order to improve; to revise; <as>as, to <ex>retouch</ex> a picture or an essay</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>To correct or change, as a negative, by handwork.</def>

<h1>Retouch</h1>
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<hw>Re*touch"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>A partial reworking,as of a painting, a sculptor's clay model, or the like.</def>

<h1>Retoucher</h1>
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<hw>Re*touch"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who retouches.</def>

<h1>Retrace</h1>
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<hw>Re*trace"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + trace</ets>: cf. F. <ets>retracer</ets>. Cf. <er>Retract</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To trace back, as a line.</def>

<blockquote>Then if the line of Turnus you <b>retrace</b>,
He springs from Inachus of Argive race.
<i>Driden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To go back, in or over (a previous course); to go over again in a reverse direction; <as>as, to <ex>retrace</ex> one's steps; to <ex>retrace</ex> one's proceedings.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To trace over again, or renew the outline of, as a drawing; to draw again.</def>

<h1>Retract</h1>
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<hw>Re*tract"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Retracted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Retracting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82tracter</ets>, L. <ets>retractare</ets>, <ets>retractatum</ets>, to handle again, reconsider, retract, fr. <ets>retrahere</ets>, <ets>retractum</ets>, to draw back. See <er>Retreat</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw back; to draw up or shorten; <as>as, the cat can <ex>retract</ex> its claws; to <ex>retract</ex> a muscle.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Ti withdraw; to recall; to disavow; to recant; to take back; <as>as, to <ex>retract</ex> an accusation or an assertion</as>.</def>

<blockquote>I would as freely have <b>retracted</b> this charge of idolatry as I ever made it.
<i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To take back,, as a grant or favor previously bestowed; to revoke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Woodward.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- To recal; withdraw; rescind; revoke; unsay; disavow; recant; abjure; disown.</syn>

<h1>Retract</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*tract"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To draw back; to draw up; <as>as, muscles <ex>retract</ex> after amputation</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To take back what has been said; to withdraw a concession or a declaration.</def>

<blockquote>She will, and she will not; she grants, denies,
Consents, <b>retracts</b>, advances, and then files.
<i>Granville.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Retract</h1>
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<hw>Re*tract"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>The pricking of a horse's foot in nailing on a shoe.</def>

<h1>Retractabl</</h1>
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<hw>Re*tract"a*bl<?/</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82tractable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being retracted; retractile.</def>

<h1>Retractate</h1>
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<hw>Re*tract"ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>retractatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>retractare</ets>. See <er>Retract</er>.]</ety> <def>To retract; to recant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Retractation</h1>
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<hw>Re`trac*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82tractation</ets>, L. <ets>retractatio</ets> a revision, reconsideration. ]</ety> <def>The act of retracting what has been said; recantation.</def>

<h1>Retractible</h1>
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<hw>Re*tract"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Retractable.</def>

<h1>Retractile</h1>
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<hw>Re*tract"ile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>-r\'82tractile</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>CApable of retraction; capable of being drawn back or up; <as>as, the claws of a cat are <ex>retractile</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Retraction</h1>
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<hw>Re*trac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82traction</ets>, L. <ets>retractio</ets> a drawing back, hesitation.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of retracting, or drawing back; the state of being retracted; <as>as, the <ex>retraction</ex> of a cat's claws</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of withdrawing something advanced, stated, claimed, or done; declaration of change of opinion; recantation.</def>

<blockquote>Other men's insatiable desire of revenge hath wholly beguiled both church and state of the benefit of all my either <b>retractions</b> or <?/oncessions.
<i>Eikon Basilike.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of retracting or shortening; <as>as, the <ex>retraction</ex> of a severed muscle; the <ex>retraction</ex> of a sinew</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The state or condition of a part when drawn back, or towards the center of the body.</def>

<h1>Retractive</h1>
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<hw>Re*tract"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to retract; of the nature of a retraction.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*tract"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Retractive</h1>
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<hw>Re*tract"ive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which retracts, or withdraws.</def>

<h1>Retractor</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*tract"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, retracts.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In breech-loading firearms, a device for withdrawing a cartridge shell from the barrel</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An instrument for holding apart the edges of a wound during amputation</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A bandage to protect the soft parts from injury by the saw during amputation</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Anat. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A muscle serving to draw in any organ or part. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Phylactol\'91mata</er>.</def>

<h1>Retract</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*tract"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Retreat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Retrait</h1>
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<hw>Re*trait"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It. <ets>ritratto</ets>, fr. <ets>ritrarre</ets> to draw back, draw, fr. L. <ets>retrahere</ets>. See <er>Retract</er>.]</ety> <def>A portrait; a likeness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whose fair <b>retrait</b> I in my shield do bear.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Retransform</h1>
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<hw>Re`trans*form"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To transform anew or back.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re`trans*for*ma"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Retranslate</h1>
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<hw>Re`trans*late"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To translate anew; especially, to translate back into the original language.</def>

<h1>Retraxit</h1>
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<hw>Re*trax"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., (he) has withdrawn. See <er>Retract</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The withdrawing, or open renunciation, of a suit in court by the plaintiff, by which he forever lost his right of action.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Retread</h1>
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<hw>Re*tread"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To tread again.</def>

<h1>Retreat</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*treat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>retraite</ets>, fr. <ets>retraire</ets> to withdraw, L. <ets>retrahere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>trahere</ets> to draw. See <er>Trace</er>, and cf. <er>Retract</er>, <er>Retrace</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of retiring or withdrawing one's self, especially from what is dangerous or disagreeable.</def>

<blockquote>In a <b>retreat</b> he o<?/truns any lackey.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The place to which anyone retires; a place or privacy or safety; a refuge; an asylum.</def>

<blockquote>He built his son a house of pleasure, and spared no cost to make a delicious <b>retreat</b>.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>That pleasing shade they sought, a soft <b>retreat</b>
From sudden April showers, a shelter from the heat.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mil. & Naval.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The retiring of an army or body of men from the face of an enemy, or from any ground occupied to a greater distance from the enemy, or from an advanced position.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The withdrawing of a ship or fleet from an enemy for the purpose of avoiding an engagement or escaping after defeat.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A signal given in the army or navy, by the beat of a drum or the sounding of trumpet or bugle, at sunset (when the roll is called), or for retiring from action.</def>

<note>&hand; A <i>retreat</i> is properly an orderly march, in which circumstance it differs from a <i>flight</i>.</note>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A special season of solitude and silence to engage in religious exercises.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A period of several days of withdrawal from society to a religious house for exclusive occupation in the duties of devotion; <as>as, to appoint or observe a <ex>retreat</ex></as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Retirement; departure; withdrawment; seclusion; solitude; privacy; asylum; shelter; refuge.</syn>

<h1>Retreat</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*treat"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Retreated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Retreating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a retreat; to retire from any position or place; to withdraw; <as>as, the defeated army <ex>retreated</ex> from the field</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The rapid currents drive
Towards the <b>retreating</b> sea their furious tide.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Retreatful</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*treat"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Furnishing or serving as a retreat.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Our <i>retreatful</i> flood."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Retreatment</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*treat"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of retreating; specifically, the Hegira.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>D'Urfey.</i>

<h1>Retrench</h1>
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<hw>Re*trench"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Retrenched</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Retrenching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>retrenchier</ets>, F. <ets>retrancher</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + OF. <ets>trenchier</ets>, F. <ets>trancher</ets>, to cut. See <er>Trench</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cut off; to pare away.</def>

<blockquote>Thy exuberant parts <b>retrench</b>.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To lessen; to abridge; to curtail; <as>as, to <ex>retrench</ex> superfluities or expenses</as>.</def>

<blockquote>But this thy glory shall be soon <b>retrenched</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To confine; to limit; to restrict.</def>

<i>Addison.</i>

<blockquote>These figures, ought they then to receive a <b>retrenched</b> interpretation?
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>To furnish with a retrenchment; <as>as, to <ex>retrench</ex> bastions</as>.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To lesen; diminish; curtail; abridge.</syn>

<h1>Retrench</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*trench"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To cause or suffer retrenchment; specifically, to cut down living expenses; <as>as, it is more reputable to <ex>retrench</ex> than to live embarrassed</as>.</def>

<h1>Retrenchment</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*trench"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>retrenchment</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of retrenching; <as>as, the <ex>retrenchment</ex> of words in a writing</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>retrenchment</b> of my expenses will convince you that <?/ mean to replace your fortune as far as I can.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A work constructed within another, to prolong the defense of the position when the enemy has gained possession of the outer work; or to protect the defenders till they can retreat or obtain terms for a capitulation.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Lessening; curtailment; diminution; reduction; abridgment.</syn>

<h1>Retrial</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*tri"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A secdond trial, experiment, or test; a second judicial trial, as of an accused person.</def>

<h1>Retribute</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*trib"ute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>retributus</ets>, p. p. of<ets>retribuere</ets> to retribute; pref <ets>re- + tribuere</ets> to bestow, assign, pay. See <er>Tribute</er>.]</ety> <def>To pay back; to give in return, as payment, reward, or punishment; to requite; <as>as, to <ex>retribute</ex> one for his kindness; to <ex>retribute</ex> just punishment to a criminal</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>

<i>Locke.</i>

<h1>Retributer</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*trib"u*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes retribution.</def>

<h1>Retribution</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Ret`ri*bu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>retributio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82tribution</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of retributing; repayment.</def>

<blockquote>In good offices and due <b>retributions</b>, we may not be pinching and niggardly.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is given in repayment or compensation; return suitable to the merits or deserts of, as an action; commonly, condign punishment for evil or wrong.</def>

<blockquote>All who have their reward on earth, . . .
Naught seeking but the praise of men, here find
Fit <b>retribution</b>, empty as their deeds.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Specifically, reward and punishment, as distributed at the general judgment.</def>

<blockquote>It is a strong argument for a state of <b>retribution</b> hereafter, that in this world virtuous persons are very often unfortunate, and vicious persons prosperous.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Repayment; requital; recompense; payment; retaliation.</syn>

<h1>Retributive, Retributory</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw><hw>Re*trib"u*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Re*trib"u*to*ry</hw><hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>retributorius</ets> worthy of retribution.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to retribution; of the nature of retribution; involving retribution or repayment; <as>as, <ex>retributive</ex> justice; <ex>retributory</ex> comforts.</as></def>

<h1>Retrievable</h1>
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<hw>Re*triev"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Retrieve</er>.]</ety> <def>That may be retrieved or recovered; admitting of retrieval.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*triev"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Re*triev"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Retrieval</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*triev"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act retrieving.</def>

<h1>Retrieve</h1>
<Xpage=1231>

<hw>Re*trieve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Retrieved</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Retrieving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>retreven</ets>, OF. <ets>retrover</ets> to find again, recover (<ets>il retroeve</ets>e finds again), F. <ets>retrouver</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + OF. <ets>trover</ets> to find, F. <ets>trouver</ets>. See <er>Trover</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To find again; to recover; to regain; to restore from loss or injury; <as>as, to <ex>retrieve</ex> one's character; to <ex>retrieve</ex> independence</as>.</def>

<blockquote>With late repentance now they would <b>retrieve</b>
The bodies they forsook, and wish to live.
<i>Dryden</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To recall; to bring back.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>retrieve</b> them from their cold, trivial conceits.
<i>Berkeley.</i></blockquote>

<hr>
<page="1232">
Page 1232<p>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To remedy the evil consequence of, to repair, as a loss or damadge.</def>

<blockquote>Accept my sorrow, and <b>retrieve</b> my fall.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>There is much to be done . . . and much to be <b>retrieved</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To recover; regain; recruit; repair; restore.</syn>

<h1>Retrieve</h1>
<Xpage=1232>

<hw>Re*trieve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Sport.)</fld> <def>To discover and bring in game that has been killed or wounded; <as>as, a dog naturally inclined to <ex>retrieve</ex></as>.</def>

<i>Walsh.</i>

<h1>Retrieve</h1>
<Xpage=1232>

<hw>Re*trieve"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A seeking again; a discovery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The recovery of game once sprung; -- an old sporting term.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i>

<h1>Retrievement</h1>
<Xpage=1232>

<hw>Re*trieve"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Retrieval.</def>

<h1>Retriever</h1>
<Xpage=1232>

<hw>Re*triev"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who retrieves.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dor, or a breed of dogs, chiefly employed to retrieve, or to find and recover game birds that have been killed or wounded.</def>

<h1>Retrim</h1>
<Xpage=1232>

<hw>Re*trim"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To trim again.</def>

<h1>Retriment</h1>
<Xpage=1232>

<hw>Ret"ri*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>retrimentum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Refuse; dregs.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Retro-</h1>
<Xpage=1232>

<hw>Retro-</hw>. <ety>[L. <ets>retro</ets>, adv., backward, back. Cf. <er>Re</er>-.]</ety> <def>A prefix or combining form signifying <i>backward</i>, <i>back</i>; <as>as, <ex>retro</ex>act, to act backward; <ex>retro</ex>spect, a looking back</as>.</def>

<h1>Retroact</h1>
<Xpage=1232>

<hw>Re`tro*act"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>retro- + act</ets>.]</ety> <def>To act backward, or in return; to act in opposition; to be retrospective.</def>

<h1>Retroaction</h1>
<Xpage=1232>

<hw>Re`tro*ac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82troaction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Action returned, or action backward.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Operation on something past or preceding.</def>

<h1>Retroactive</h1>
<Xpage=1232>

<hw>Re`tro*act"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82troactif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fitted or designed to retroact; operating by returned action; affecting what is past; retrospective.</def>

<i>Beddoes.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Retroactive law</col> &or; <col>statute</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one which operates to make criminal or punishable, or in any way expressly to affect, acts done prior to the passing of the law.</cd></cs>

<h1>Retroactively</h1>
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<hw>Re`tro*act"ive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a retroactive manner.</def>

<h1>Retrocede</h1>
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<hw>Re"tro*cede</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>retro-</ets> + <ets>cede</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82troc\'82der</ets>.]</ety> <def>To cede or grant back; <as>as, to <ex>retrocede</ex> a territory to a former proprietor</as>.</def>

<h1>Retrocede</h1>
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<hw>Re"tro*cede</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>retrocedere</ets>; <ets>retro</ets> backward, back + <ets>cedere</ets> to go. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety> <def>To go back.</def>

<h1>Retrocedent</h1>
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<hw>Re`tro*ced"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>retrocedens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Disposed or likely to retrocede; -- said of diseases which go from one part of the body to another, as the gout.</def>

<h1>Retrocession</h1>
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<hw>Re`tro*ces"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82trocession</ets>. See <er>Retrocede</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of retroceding.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being retroceded, or granted back.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Metastasis of an eruption or a tumor from the surface to the interior of the body.</def>

<h1>Retrochoir</h1>
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<hw>Re"tro*choir</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>retro- + choir</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Arch.)</fld> <def>Any extension of a church behind the higggggggh altar, as a chapel; also, in an apsidal church, all the space beyond the line of the back or eastern face of the altar.</def>

<h1>Retrocopulant</h1>
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<hw>Re`tro*cop"u*lant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Retrocopulation</er>.]</ety> <def>Copulating backward, or from behind.</def>

<h1>Retrocopulation</h1>
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<hw>Re`tro*cop`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>retro- + copulation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Copulation from behind.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Retroduction</h1>
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<hw>Re`tro*duc"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>retroducere</ets>, <ets>retroductum</ets>, to lead or bring back; <ets>retro</ets> backward +  <ets>ducere</ets> to lead.]</ety> <def>A leading or bringing back.</def>

<h1>Retroflex, Retroflexed</h1>
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<hw><hw>Re"tro*flex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Re"tro*flexed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>retro-</ets> + L. <ets>flectere</ets>, <ets>flexum</ets>, to bend, to turn.]</ety> <def>Reflexed; bent or turned abruptly backward.</def>

<h1>Retroflexion</h1>
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<hw>Re`tro*flex"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reflexing; the state of being retroflexed. Cf. <er>Retroversion</er>.</def>

<h1>Retrofract, Retrofracted</h1>
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<hw><hw>Re"tro*fract</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Re"tro*fract`ed</hw>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>retro-</ets> + L. <ets>fractus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>frangere</ets> to break.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Refracted; <as>as, a <ex>retrofract</ex> stem</as>.</def>

<h1>Retrogenerative</h1>
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<hw>Re`tro*gen"er*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>retro- + generative</ets>.]</ety> <def>Begetting young by retrocopulation.</def>

<h1>Retrogradation</h1>
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<hw>Re`tro*gra*da"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82trogradation</ets> or L. <ets>retrogradatio</ets>. See <er>Retrograde</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of retrograding, or moving backward.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being retrograde; decline.</def>

<h1>Retrograde</h1>
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<hw>Re"tro*grade</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>retrogradus</ets>, from <ets>retrogradi</ets>, <ets>retrogressus</ets>, to retrograde; <ets>retro</ets> back + <ets>gradi</ets> to step: cf. F. <ets>r\'82trograde</ets>. See <er>Grade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Apparently moving backward, and contrary to the succession of the signs, that is, from east to west, as a planet.</def>

<i>Hutton.</i>

<blockquote>And if he be in the west side in that condition, then is he <b>retrograde</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Tending or moving backward; having a backward course; contrary; <as>as, a <ex>retrograde</ex> motion</as>; -- opposed to <ant>progressive</ant>.</def> "Progressive and not <i>retrograde</i>."

<i>Bacon.</i>

<blockquote>It is most <b>retrograde</b> to our desire.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Declining from a better to a worse state; <as>as, a <ex>retrograde</ex> people; <ex>retrograde</ex> ideas, morals, etc.</as></def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<h1>Retrograde</h1>
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<hw>Re"tro*grade</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Retrograded</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Retrograding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>retrogradare</ets>, <ets>retrogradi</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82trograder</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To go in a retrograde direction; to move, or appear to move, backward, as a planet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to decline from a better to a worse condition, as in morals or intelligence.</def>

<h1>Retrogradingly</h1>
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<hw>Re"tro*gra`ding*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By retrograding; so as to retrograde.</def>

<h1>Retrogress</h1>
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<hw>Re"tro*gress</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. L. <ets>retrogressus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Retrogression.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>H. Spenser.</i>

<h1>Retrogression</h1>
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<hw>Re`tro*gres"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82trogression</ets>. See <er>Retrograde</er>, and cf. <er>Digression</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of retrograding, or going backward; retrogradation.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Backward development; a passing from a higher to a lower state of organization or structure, as when an animal, approaching maturity, becomes less highly organized than would be expected from its earlier stages or known relationship. Called also <altname>retrograde development</altname>, and <altname>regressive metamorphism</altname>.</def>

<h1>Retrogressive</h1>
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<hw>Re`tro*gres"sive</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82trogressif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tending to retrograde; going or moving backward; declining from a better to a worse state.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Passing from a higher to a lower condition; declining from a more perfect state of organization; regressive.</def>

<h1>Retrogressively</h1>
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<hw>Re`tro*gres"sive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a retrogressive manner.</def>

<h1>Retromingency</h1>
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<hw>Re`tro*min"gen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being retromingent.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Retromingent</h1>
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<hw>Re`tro*min"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>retro-</ets> + L. <ets>mingens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>mingere</ets> to urinate.]</ety> <def>Organized so as to discharge the urine backward.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal that discharges its urine backward.</def></def2>

<h1>Retropulsive</h1>
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<hw>Re`tro*pul"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>retro-</ets> + L. <ets>pellere</ets>, <ets>pulsum</ets>, to impel.]</ety> <def>Driving back; repelling.</def>

<h1>Retrorse</h1>
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<hw>Re*trorse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>retrorsus</ets>, <ets>retroversus</ets>; <ets>retro</ets> back + <ets>vertere</ets>, <ets>versum</ets>, to turn. Cf. <er>Retrovert</er>.]</ety> <def>Bent backward or downward.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*trorse"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Retrospect</h1>
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<hw>Re"tro*spect</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>retrospicere</ets>; <ets>retro</ets> back + <ets>specere</ets>, <ets>spectum</ets>, to look. See <er>Spy</er>, <ets>and cf</ets>. <er>Expect</er>.]</ety> <def>To look backward; hence, to affect or concern what is past.</def>

<blockquote>It may be useful to <b>retrospect</b> to an early period.
<i>A. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Retrospect</h1>
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<hw>Re"tro*spect</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A looking back on things past; view or contemplation of the past.</def>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<blockquote>We may introduce a song without <b>retrospect</b> to the old comedy.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Retrospection</h1>
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<hw>Re`tro*spec"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act, or the faculty, of looking back on things past.</def>

<h1>Retrospective</h1>
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<hw>Re`tro*spec"tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82trospectif</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Looking backward; contemplating things past; -- opposed to <i>prospective</i>; <as>as, a <ex>retrospective</ex> view</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The sage, with <b>retrospective</b> eye.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having reference to what is past; affecting things past; retroactive; <as>as, a <ex>retrospective</ex> law</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Inflicting death by a <b>retrospective</b> enactment.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Retrospectively</h1>
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<hw>Re`tro*spec"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of retrospect.</def>

<h1>Retrovaccination</h1>
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<hw>Re`tro*vac`ci*na"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld><def>The inoculation of a cow with human vaccine virus.</def>

<h1>Retroversion</h1>
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<hw>Re`tro*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82troversion</ets>. See <er>Retrovert</er>.]</ety> <def>A turning or bending backward; also, the state of being turned or bent backward; displacement backwards; <as>as, <ex>retroversion</ex> of the uterus</as>.</def>

<note>&hand; In <i>retroversion</i> the bending is gradual or curved; in <i>retroflexion</i> it is abrupt or angular.</note>

<h1>Retrovert</h1>
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<hw>Re"tro*vert</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Retroverted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Retroverting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>retro-</ets> + L. <ets>vertere</ets>, <ets>versum</ets>, to turn. Cf. <er>Retrorse</er>.]</ety> <def>To turn back.</def>

<h1>Retroverted</h1>
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<hw>Re"tro*vert*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>In a state of retroversion.</def>

<h1>Retrude</h1>
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<hw>Re*trude"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Retruded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Retruding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>retrudere</ets>; <ets>re- + trudere</ets> to thrust.]</ety> <def>To thrust back.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Retruse</h1>
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<hw>Re*truse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>retrusus</ets> concealed, p. p. of <ets>retrudere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Abstruse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Dr. H. More.</i>

<h1>Retrusion</h1>
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<hw>Re*tru"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of retruding, or the state of being retruded.</def>

<blockquote>In virtue of an endless remotion or <b>retrusion</b> of the constituent cause.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Retry</h1>
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<hw>Re*try"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To try (esp. judicially) a second time; <as>as, to <ex>retry</ex> a case; to <ex>retry</ex> an accused person.</as></def>

<h1>Rette</h1>
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<hw>Rette</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Aret</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Rettery</h1>
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<hw>Ret"ter*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A place or establishment where flax is retted. See <er>Ret</er>.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Retting</h1>
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<hw>Ret"ting</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of preparing flax for use by soaking, meceration, and kindred processes; -- also called <i>rotting</i>. See <er>Ret</er>.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A place where flax is retted; a rettery.</def>

<i>Ure.</i>

<h1>Retund</h1>
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<hw>Re*tund"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>retundere</ets>, <ets>retusum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>tundere</ets> to beat.]</ety> <def>To blunt; to turn, as an edge; figuratively, to cause to be obtuse or dull; <as>as, to <ex>retund</ex> confidence</as>.</def>

<i>Ray. Cudworth.</i>

<h1>Re-turn</h1>
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<hw>Re-turn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To turn again.</def>

<h1>Return</h1>
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<hw>Re*turn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Returned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Returning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>returnen</ets>, <ets>retournen</ets>, F. <ets>retourner</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>tourner</ets> to turn. See <er>Turn</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To turn back; to go or come again to the same place or condition.</def> "<i>Return</i> to your father's house."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>On their embattled ranks the waves <b>return</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If they <b>returned</b> out of bondage, it must be into a state of freedom.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou <b>return</b>.
<i>Gen. iii. 19.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To come back, or begin again, after an interval, regular or irregular; to appear again.</def>

<blockquote>With the year
Seasons <b>return</b>; but not me <b>returns</b>
Day or the sweet approach of even or morn.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To speak in answer; to reply; to respond.</def>

<blockquote>He said, and thus the queen of heaven <b>returned</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To revert; to pass back into possession.</def>

<blockquote>And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom <b>return</b> to the house of David.
<i>1Kings xii. 26.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To go back in thought, narration, or argument.</def> "But to <i>return</i> to my story."

<i>Fielding.</i>

<h1>Return</h1>
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<hw>Re*turn"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring, carry, send, or turn, back; <as>as, to <ex>return</ex> a borrowed book, or a hired horse</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Both fled attonce, ne ever back <b>returned</b> eye.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To repay; <as>as, to <ex>return</ex> borrowed money</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To give in requital or recompense; to requite.</def>

<blockquote>The Lord shall <b>return</b> thy wickedness upon thine own head.
<i>1 Kings ii. 44.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To give back in reply; <as>as, to <ex>return</ex> an answer; to <ex>return</ex> thanks.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To retort; to throw back; <as>as, to <ex>return</ex> the lie</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If you are a malicious reader, you <b>return</b> upon me, that I affect to be thought more impartial than I am.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To report, or bring back and make known.</def>

<blockquote>And all the people answered together, . . . and Moses <b>returned</b> the words of the people unto the Lord.
<i>Ex. xix. 8.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>To render, as an account, usually an official account, to a superior; to report officially by a list or statement; <as>as, to <ex>return</ex> a list of stores, of killed or wounded; to <ex>return</ex> the result of an election.</as></def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Hence, to elect according to the official report of the election officers.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>To bring or send back to a tribunal, or to an office, with a certificate of what has been done; <as>as, to <ex>return</ex> a writ</as>.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>To convey into official custody, or to a general depository.</def>

<blockquote>Instead of a ship, he should llevy money, and <b>return</b> the same to the treasurer for his majesty's use.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>11.</b> <fld>(Tennis)</fld> <def>To bat (the ball) back over the net.</def>

<p><b>12.</b> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>To lead in response to the lead of one's partner; <as>as, to <ex>return</ex> a trump; to <ex>return</ex> a diamond for a club.</as></def>

<cs><col>To return a lead</col> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld>, <cd>to lead the same suit led by one's partner.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To restore; requite; repay; recompense; render; remit; report.</syn>

<h1>Return</h1>
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<hw>Re*turn"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of returning (intransitive), or coming back to the same place or condition; <as>as, the <ex>return</ex> of one long absent; the <ex>return</ex> of health; the <ex>return</ex> of the seasons, or of an anniversary.</as></def>

<blockquote>At the <b>return</b> of the year the king of Syria will come up against thee.
<i>1 Kings xx. 22.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His personal <b>return</b> was most required and necessary.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of returning (transitive), or sending back to the same place or condition; restitution; repayment; requital; retribution; <as>as, the <ex>return</ex> of anything borrowed, as a book or money; a good <ex>return</ex> in tennis.</as></def>

<blockquote>You made my liberty your late request:
Is no <b>return</b> due from a grateful breast?
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is returned.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A payment; a remittance; a requital.</def>

<blockquote>I do expect <b>return</b>
Of thrice three times the value of this bond.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An answer; as, a <i>return</i> to one's question</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An account, or formal report, of an action performed, of a duty discharged, of facts or statistics, and the like; <as>as, election <ex>returns</ex>; a <ex>return</ex> of the amount of goods produced or sold</as>; especially, in the plural, a set of tabulated statistics prepared for general information</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The profit on, or advantage received from, labor, or an investment, undertaking, adventure, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The fruit from many days of recreation is very little; but from these few hours we spend in prayer, the <b>return</b> is great.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The continuation in a different direction, most often at a right angle, of a building, face of a building, or any member, as a molding or mold; -- applied to the shorter in contradistinction to the longer; thus, a facade of sixty feet east and west has a <i>return</i> of twenty feet north and south.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rendering back or delivery of writ, precept, or execution, to the proper officer or court.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The certificate of an officer stating what he has done in execution of a writ, precept, etc., indorsed on the document.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The sending back of a commission with the certificate of the commissioners.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A day in bank. See <cref>Return day</cref>, below.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Mil. & Naval)</fld> <def>An official account, report, or statement, rendered to the commander or other superior officer; <as>as, the <ex>return</ex> of men fit for duty; the <ex>return</ex> of the number of the sick; the <ex>return</ex> of provisions, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>7.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Fort. & Mining)</fld> <def>The turnings and windings of a trench or mine.</def>

<cs><col>Return ball</col>, <cd>a ball held by an elastic string so that it returns to the hand from which it is thrown, -- used as a plaything.</cd> -- <col>Return bend</col>, <cd>a pipe fitting for connecting the contiguous ends of two nearly parallel pipes lying alongside or one above another.</cd> -- <col>Return day</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the day when the defendant is to appear in court, and the sheriff is to return the writ and his proceedings.</cd> -- <col>Return flue</col>, <cd>in a steam boiler, a flue which conducts flame or gases of combustion in a direction contrary to their previous movement in another flue.</cd> -- <col>Return pipe</col> <fld>(Steam Heating)</fld>, <cd>a pipe by which water of condensation from a heater or radiator is conveyed back toward the boiler.</cd></cs>

<h1>Returnable</h1>
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<hw>Re*turn"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of, or admitting of, being returned.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Legally required to be returned, delivered, given, or rendered; <as>as, a writ or precept <ex>returnable</ex> at a certain day; a verdict <ex>returnable</ex> to the court</as>.</def>

<h1>Returner</h1>
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<hw>Re*turn"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who returns.</def>

<h1>Returnless</h1>
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<hw>Re*turn"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Admitting no return.</def>

<i> Chapman.</i>

<h1>Retuse</h1>
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<hw>Re*tuse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>retusus</ets>, p. p. : cf. F. <ets>r\'82tus</ets>. See <er>Retund</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the end rounded and slightly indented; <as>as, a <ex>retuse</ex> leaf</as>.</def>

<h1>Reule</h1>
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<hw>Reule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.& v.</tt> <def>Rule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reume</h1>
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<hw>Reume</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Realm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reunion</h1>
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<hw>Re*un"ion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-  + union</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82union</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A second union; union formed anew after separation, secession, or discord; <as>as, a <ex>reunion</ex> of parts or particles of matter; a <ex>reunion</ex> of parties or sects.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An assembling of persons who have been separated, as of a family, or the members of a disbanded regiment; an assembly so composed.</def>

<h1>Reunite</h1>
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<hw>Re`u*nite"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To unite again; to join after separation or variance.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<hr>
<page="1233">
Page 1233<p>

<h1>Reunitedly</h1>
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<hw>Re`u*nit"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a reunited manner.</def>

<h1>Reunition</h1>
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<hw>Re`u*ni"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second uniting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Reurge</h1>
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<hw>Re*urge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To urge again.</def>

<h1>Revaccinate</h1>
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<hw>Re*vac"ci*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To vaccinate a second time or again.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*vac`ci*na"tion</wf><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Revalescence</h1>
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<hw>Rev`a*les"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of growing well; the state of being revalescent.</def>

<blockquote>Would this prove that the patient's <b>revalescence</b> had been independent of the medicines given him?
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Revalescent</h1>
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<hw>Rev`a*les"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>revalescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>revalescere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>valescere</ets>, v. incho. fr. <ets>valere</ets> to be well.]</ety> <def>Growing well; recovering strength.</def>

<h1>Revaluation</h1>
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<hw>Re*val`u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A second or new valuation.</def>

<h1>Revamp</h1>
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<hw>Re*vamp"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To vamp again; hence, topatch up; to reconstruct.</def>

<h1>Reve</h1>
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<hw>Reve</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To reave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Reve</h1>
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<hw>Reve</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Reeve</er>.]</ety> <def>An officer, steward, or governor.</def> <altsp>[Usually written <asp>reeve</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Reveal</h1>
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<hw>Re*veal"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Revealed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Revealing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82v\'82ler</ets>, L. <ets>revelare</ets>, <ets>revelatum</ets>, to unveil, reveal; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>velare</ets> to veil; fr. <ets>velum</ets> a veil. See <er>Veil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make known (that which has been concealed or kept secret); to unveil; to disclose; to show.</def>

<blockquote>Light was the wound, the prince's care unknown,
She might not, would not, yet <b>reveal</b> her own.
<i>Waller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, to communicate (that which could not be known or discovered without divine or supernatural instruction or agency).</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To communicate; disclose; divulge; unveil; uncover; open; discover; impart; show.</syn> <usage> See <er>Communicate</er>. -- <er>Reveal</er>, <er>Divulge</er>. To <i>reveal</i> is literally to <i>lift the veil</i>, and thus make known what was previously concealed; to <i>divulge</i> is to scatter abroad among the people, or make publicly known. A mystery or hidden doctrine may be <i>revealed</i>; something long confined to the knowledge of a few is at length <i>divulged</i>. "Time, which <i>reveals</i> all things, is itself not to be discovered." <i>Locke</i>. "A tragic history of facts <i>divulged</i>." <i>Wordsworth</i>.</usage>

<h1>Reveal</h1>
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<hw>Re*veal"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A revealing; a disclosure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The side of an opening for a window, doorway, or the like, between the door frame or window frame and the outer surface of the wall; or, where the opening is not filled with a door, etc., the whole thickness of the wall; the jamb.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>revel</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Revealability</h1>
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<hw>Re*veal`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being revealable; revealableness.</def>

<h1>Revealable</h1>
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<hw>Re*veal"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being revealed.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*veal"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Revealer</h1>
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<hw>Re*veal"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, reveals.</def>

<h1>Revealment</h1>
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<hw>Re*veal"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of revealing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Revegetate</h1>
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<hw>Re*veg"e*tate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To vegetate anew.</def>

<h1>Reveille</h1>
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<hw>Re*veil"le</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82veil</ets>, fr. <ets>r\'82veiller</ets> to awake; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + pref. <ets>es-</ets> (L. <ets>ex</ets>) + <ets>veiller</ets> to awake, watch, L. <ets>vigilare</ets> to watch. The English form was prob. taken by mistake from the French imper. <ets>r\'82veillez</ets>,<ets>2d</ets> pers. pl. See <er>Vigil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The beat of drum, or bugle blast, about break of day, to give notice that it is time for the soldiers to rise, and for the sentinels to forbear challenging.</def> "Sound a <i>reveille</i>."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<blockquote>For at dawning to assail ye
Here no bugles sound <b>reveille</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Revel</h1>
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<hw>Rev"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Reveal</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Revel</h1>
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<hw>Rev"el</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>revel</ets> rebellion, disorder, feast, sport. See <er>Revel</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <def>A feast with loose and noisy jollity; riotous festivity or merrymaking; a carousal.</def>

<blockquote>This day in mirth and <b>revel</b> to dispend.

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>Some men ruin . . . their bodies by incessant <b>revels</b>.
<i>Rambler.</i></blockquote>

<cs><mcol><col>Master of the revels</col>, <col>Revel master</col></mcol>. <cd>Same as <i>Lord of misrule<i>, under <er>Lord</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Revel</h1>
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<hw>Rev"el</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reveled</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Revelled</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reveling</er> or <er>Revelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>reveler</ets> to revolt, rebel, make merry, fr. L. <ets>rebellare</ets>. See <er>Rebel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To feast in a riotous manner; to carouse; to act the bacchanalian; to make merry.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move playfully; to indulge without restraint.</def> "Where joy most <i>revels</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Revel</h1>
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<hw>Re*vel"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>revellere</ets>; <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>vellere</ets> to pluck, pull.]</ety> <def>To draw back; to retract.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Harvey.</i>

<h1>Revelate</h1>
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<hw>Rev"e*late</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>revelatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>revelare</ets> to reveal.]</ety> <def>To reveal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Frith. Barnes.</i>

<h1>Revelation</h1>
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<hw>Rev`e*la"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82v\'82lation</ets>, L. <ets>revelatio</ets>. See <er>Reveal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of revealing, disclosing, or discovering to others what was before unknown to them.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is revealed.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act of revealing divine truth.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>That which is revealed by God to man; esp., the Bible.</def>

<blockquote>By <b>revelation</b> he made known unto me the mystery, as I wrote afore in few words.
<i>Eph. iii. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Specifically, the last book of the sacred canon, containing the prophecies of St. John; the Apocalypse.</def>

<h1>Revelator</h1>
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<hw>Rev"e*la`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who makes a revelation; a revealer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Reveler</h1>
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<hw>Rev"el*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Written also <ets>reveller</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who revels.</def> "Moonshine <i>revelers</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Revellent</h1>
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<hw>Re*vel"lent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>revellens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>revellere</ets>. See <er>Revel</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>Causing revulsion; revulsive.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A revulsive medicine.</def></def2>

<h1>Revelment</h1>
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<hw>Rev"el*ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reveling.</def>

<h1>Revelous</h1>
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<hw>Rev"el*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>reveleus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Fond of festivity; given to merrymaking or reveling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Companionable and <b>revelous</b> was she.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Revel-rout</h1>
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<hw>Rev"el-rout`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Rout</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Tumultuous festivity; revelry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Rowe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A rabble; a riotous assembly; a mob.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Reverry</h1>
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<hw>Rev"er*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Revel</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt> & <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <def>The act of engaging in a revel; noisy festivity; reveling.</def>

<blockquote>And pomp and feast and <b>revelry</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Revendicate</h1>
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<hw>Re*ven"di*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Revendicated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Revendicating</er>.]</wordforms><ety>[Cf. F. <ets>revendiquer</ets>. See <er>Revenge</er>.]</ety> <def>To reclaim; to demand the restoration of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Vattel (Trans. ).</i>

<h1>Revendication</h1>
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<hw>Re*ven`di*ca""tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>revendication</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of revendicating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Vattel (Trans. )</i>

<h1>Revenge</h1>
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<hw>Re*venge"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Revenged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Revenging</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>revengier</ets>, F. <ets>revancher</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + OF. <ets>vengier</ets> to avenge, revenge, F. <ets>venger</ets>, L. <ets>vindicare</ets>. See <er>Vindicate</er>, <er>Vengerance</er>, and cf. <er>Revindicate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To inflict harm in return for, as an injury, insult, etc.; to exact satisfaction for, under a sense of injury; to avenge; -- followed either by the wrong received, or by the person or thing wronged, as the object, or by the reciprocal pronoun as direct object, and a preposition before thewrong done or the wrongdoer.</def>

<blockquote>To <b>revenge</b> the death of our fathers.
<i>Ld. Berners.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The gods are just, and will <b>revenge</b> our cause.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Come, Antony, and young Octavius, come,
<b>Revenge</b> yourselves alone on Cassius.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inflict injury for, in a spiteful, wrong, or malignant spirit; to wreak vengeance for maliciously.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- To avenge; vindicate. See <er>Avenge</er>.</syn>

<h1>Revenge</h1>
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<hw>Re*venge"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take vengeance; -- with</def> <i>upon</i>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "A bird that will <i>revenge</i> upon you all."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Revenge</h1>
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<hw>Re*venge"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of revenging; vengeance; retaliation; a returning of evil for evil.</def>

<blockquote>Certainly, in taking <b>revenge</b>, a man is even with his enemy; but in passing it over he is superior.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The disposition to revenge; a malignant wishing of evil to one who has done us an injury.</def>

<blockquote><b>Revenge</b> now goes
To lay a complot to betray thy foes.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The indulgence of <b>revenge</b> tends to make men more savage and cruel.
<i>Kames.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Revengeable</h1>
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<hw>Re*venge"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being revenged; <as>as, <ex>revengeable</ex> wrong</as>.</def>

<i>Warner.</i>

<h1>Revengeance</h1>
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<hw>Re*venge"ance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Vengeance; revenge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Revengeful</h1>
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<hw>Re*venge"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Full of, or prone to, revenge; vindictive; malicious; revenging; wreaking revenge.</def>

<blockquote>If thy <b>revengeful</b> heart can not forgive.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>May my hands . . .
Never brandish more <b>rebvengeful</b> steel.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Vindictive; vengeful; resentful; malicious.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Re*venge"ful*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Re*venge"ful*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Revengeless</h1>
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<hw>Re*venge"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Unrevenged.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Marston.</i>

<h1>Revengement</h1>
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<hw>Re*venge"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Revenge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He 'll breed <b>revengement</b> and a scourge for me.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Revenger</h1>
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<hw>Re*ven"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who revenges.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Revenging</h1>
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<hw>Re*ven"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Executing revenge; revengeful.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*ven"ging*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Revenue</h1>
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<hw>Rev"e*nue</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>revenu</ets>, OF. <ets>revenue</ets>, fr. <ets>revenir</ets> to return, L. <ets>revenire</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>venire</ets> to come. See <er>Come</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which returns, or comes back, from an investment; the annual rents, profits, interest, or issues of any species of property, real or personal; income.</def>

<blockquote>Do not anticipate your <b>revenues</b> and live upon air till you know what you are worth.
<i>Gray.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, return; reward; <as>as, a <ex>revenue</ex> of praise</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The annual yield of taxes, excise, customs, duties, rents, etc., which a nation, state, or municipality collects and receives into the treasury for public use.</def>

<cs><col>Revenue cutter</col>, <cd>an armed government vessel employed to enforce revenue laws, prevent smuggling, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reverb</h1>
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<hw>Re*verb"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To echo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Reverberant</h1>
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<hw>Re*ver"ber*ant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reverberans</ets>, p. pr. : cf. F. <ets>r\'82verb\'82rant</ets>. See <er>Reverberate</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of reverberation; reverberating.</def>

<h1>Reverberate</h1>
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<hw>Re*ver"ber*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reverberatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>reverberare</ets> to strike back, repel; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>verberare</ets> to lash, whip, beat, fr. <ets>verber</ets> a lash, whip, rod.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Reverberant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The <i>reverberate</i> hills."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Driven back, as sound; reflected.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Drayton.</i>

<h1>Reverberate</h1>
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<hw>Re*ver"ber*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reverberated</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reverberating</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To return or send back; to repel or drive back; to echo, as sound; to reflect, as light, as light or heat.</def>

<blockquote>Who, like an arch, <b>reverberates</b>
The voice again.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To send or force back; to repel from side to side; <as>as, flame is <ex>reverberated</ex> in a furnace</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, to fuse by reverberated heat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Reverberated</i> into glass."

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Reverberate</h1>
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<hw>Re*ver"ber*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To resound; to echo.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be driven back; to be reflected or repelled, as rays of light; to be echoed, as sound.</def>

<h1>Reverberation</h1>
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<hw>Re*ver`ber*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[CF. F. <ets>r\'82verb\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of reverberating; especially, the act of reflecting light or heat, or re\'89choing sound; <as>as, the <ex>reverberation</ex> of rays from a mirror; the <ex>reverberation</ex> of rays from a mirror; the <ex>reverberation</ex> of voices; the <ex>reverberation</ex> of heat or flame in a furnace.</as></def>

<h1>Reverberative</h1>
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<hw>Re*ver"ber*a*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of the nature of reverberation; tending to reverberate; reflective.</def>

<blockquote>This <b>reverberative</b> influence is that which we have intended above, as the influence of the mass upon its centers.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reverberator</h1>
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<hw>Re*ver"ber*a`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, produces reverberation.</def>

<h1>Reverberatory</h1>
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<hw>Re*ver"ber*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Producing reverberation; acting by reverberation; reverberative.</def>

<cs><col>Reverberatory furnace</col>. <cd>See the Note under <er>Furnace</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reverberatory</h1>
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<hw>Re*ver"ber*a*to*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A reverberatory furnace.</def>

<h1>Reverdure</h1>
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<hw>Re*ver"dure</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To cover again with verdure.</def>

<i>Ld. Berners.</i>

<h1>Revere</h1>
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<hw>Re*vere"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Revered</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Revering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>revereri</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>vereri</ets> to fear, perh. akin to E. <ets>wary</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82v\'82rer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To regard with reverence, or profound respect and affection, mingled with awe or fear; to venerate; to reverence; to honor in estimation.</def>

<blockquote>Marcus Aurelius, whom he rather <b>revered</b> as his father than treated as his partner in the empire.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To venerate; adore; reverence.</syn>

<h1>Reverence</h1>
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<hw>Rev"er*ence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82v\'82rence</ets>, L. <ets>reverentia</ets>. See <er>Reverent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Profound respect and esteem mingled with fear and affection, as for a holy being or place; the disposition to revere; veneration.</def>

<blockquote>If thou be poor, farewell thy <b>reverence</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Reverence</b>, which is the synthesis of love and fear.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>When discords, and quarrels, and factions, are carried openly and audaciously, it is a sign the <b>reverence</b> of government islost.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Formerly, as in Chaucer, <i>reverence</i> denoted "respect" "honor", without awe or fear.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act of revering; a token of respect or veneration; an obeisance.</def>

<blockquote>Make twenty <b>reverences</b> upon receiving . . . about twopence.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And each of them doeth all his diligence
To do unto the feast <b>reverence</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which deserves or exacts manifestations of reverence; reverend character; dignity; state.</def>

<blockquote>I am forced to lay my <b>reverence</b> by.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A person entitled to be revered; -- a title applied to priests or other ministers with the pronouns <i>his</i> or <i>your</i>; sometimes poetically to a father.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><mcol><col>Save your reverence</col>, <col>Saving your reverence</col></mcol>, <cd>an apologetical phrase for an unseemly expression made in the presence of a priest or clergyman.</cd> -- <col>Sir reverence</col>, <cd>a contracted form of <i>Save your reverence<i>.</cd>

<blockquote>Such a one as a man may not speak of, without he say. "<b>Sir reverence</b>."
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>To do reverence</col>, <cd>to show reverence or honor; to perform an act of reverence.</cd>

<blockquote>Now lies he there,
And none so poor <b>to do</b> him <b>reverence</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Awe; honor; veneration; adoratuon; dread.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Awe</er>, <er>Reverence</er>, <er>Dread</er>, <er>Veneration</er>. <i>Reverence</i> is a strong sentiment of respect and esteem, sometimes mingled slightly with fear; as, <i>reverence</i> for the divine law. <i>Awe</i> is a mixed feeling of sublimity and dread in view of something great or terrible, sublime or sacred; as, <i>awe</i> at the divine presence. It does not necessarily imply love. <i>Dread</i> is an anxious fear in view of an impending evil; as, <i>dread</i> of punishment. <i>Veneration</i> is reverence in its strongest manifestations. It is the highest emotion we can exercise toward human beings. Exalted and noble objects produce <i>reverence</i>; terrific and threatening objects awaken <i>dread</i>; a sense of the divine presence fills us with <i>awe</i>; a union of wisdom and virtue in one who is advanced in years inspires us with <i>veneration</i>.</usage>

<h1>Reverence</h1>
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<hw>Rev"er*ence</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reverenced</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reverencing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To regard or treat with reverence; to regard with respect and affection mingled with fear; to venerate.</def>

<blockquote>Let . . . the wife see that she <b>reverence</b> her husband.
<i>Eph. v. 33.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Those that I <b>reverence</b> those I fear, the wise.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reverencer</h1>
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<hw>Rev"er*en*cer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who regards with reverence.</def> "<i>Reverencers</i> of crowned heads."

<i>Swift.</i>

<h1>Reverend</h1>
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<hw>Rev"er*end</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82v\'82rend</ets>, L. <ets>reverendus</ets>, fr. <ets>revereri</ets>. See <er>Revere</er>.]</ety> <def>Worthy of reverence; entitled to respect mingled with fear and affection; venerable.</def>

<blockquote>A <b>reverend</b> sire among them came.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>They must give good example and <b>reverend</b> deportment in the face of their children.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; This word is commonly given as a title of respect to ecclesiastics.  A clergyman is styled the <i>reverend</i>; a dean, the <i>very reverend</i>; a bishop, the <i>right reverend</i>; an archbishop, the <i>most reverend</i>.</note>

<h1>Reverendly</h1>
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<hw>Rev"er*end*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Reverently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Reverent</h1>
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<hw>Rev"er*ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reverens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>revereri</ets>. See <er>Revere</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Disposed to revere; impressed with reverence; submissive; humble; respectful; <as>as, <ex>reverent</ex> disciples</as>.</def> "They . . . prostrate fell before him <i>reverent</i>."

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Expressing reverence, veneration, devotion, or submission; <as>as, <ex>reverent</ex> words; <ex>reverent</ex> behavior</as>.</def>

<i>Joye.</i>

<h1>Reverential</h1>
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<hw>Rev`er*en"tial</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82v\'82renciel</ets>. See <er>Reverence</er>.]</ety> <def>Proceeding from, or expressing, reverence; having a reverent quality; reverent; <as>as, <ex>reverential</ex> fear or awe</as>.</def> "A <i>reverential</i> esteem of things sacred."

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Reverentially</h1>
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<hw>Rev`er*en"tial*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a reverential manner.</def>

<h1>Reverently</h1>
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<hw>Rev"er*ent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a reverent manner; in respectful regard.</def>

<h1>Reverer</h1>
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<hw>Re*ver"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reveres.</def>

<h1>Reverie, Revery</h1>
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<hw><hw>Rev"er*ie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Rev"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Reveries</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82verie</ets>, fr. <ets>r\'88ver</ets> to dream, rave, be light-headed. Cf. <er>Rave</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A loose or irregular train of thought occurring in musing or mediation; deep musing; daydream.</def> "Rapt in nameless <i>reveries</i>."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<blockquote>When ideas float in our mind without any reflection or regard of the understanding, it is that which the French call <b>revery</b>, our language has scarce a name for it.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An extravagant concient of the fancy; a vision.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>There are infinite <b>reveries</b> and numberless extravagancies pass through both [wise and foolish minds].
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>
<-- sic. left out a "which"? -->

<h1>Reversal</h1>
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<hw>Re*ver"sal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Reverse</er>.]</ety> <def>Intended to reverse; implying reversal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<h1>Reversal</h1>
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<hw>Re*ver"sal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Reverse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of reversing; the causing to move or face in an opposite direction, or to stand or lie in an inverted position; <as>as, the <ex>reversal</ex> of a rotating wheel; the <ex>reversal</ex> of objects by a convex lens.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A change or overthrowing; <as>as, the <ex>reversal</ex> of a judgment, which amounts to an official declaration that it is false; the <ex>reversal</ex> of an attainder, or of an outlawry, by which the sentence is rendered void.</as></def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Reverse</h1>
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<hw>Re*verse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>revers</ets>, OF. <ets>revers</ets>, L. <ets>reversus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>revertere</ets>. See <er>Revert</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Turned backward; having a contrary or opposite direction; hence; opposite or contrary in kind; <as>as, the <ex>reverse</ex> order or method</as>.</def> "A vice <i>reverse</i> unto this."

<i>Gower.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Turned upside down; greatly disturbed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>He found the sea diverse
With many a windy storm <b>reverse</b>.
<i>Gower.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Reversed; <as>as, a <ex>reverse</ex> shell</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Reverse bearing</col> <fld>(Surv.)</fld>, <cd>the bearing of a back station as observed from the station next in advance.</cd> -- <col>Reverse curve</col> <fld>(Railways)</fld>, <cd>a curve like the letter <universbold>S</universbold>, formed of two curves bending in opposite directions.</cd> -- <col>Reverse fire</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a fire in the rear.</cd> -- <col>Reverse operation</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>an operation the steps of which are taken in a contrary order to that in which the same or similar steps are taken in another operation considered as <i>direct<i>; an operation in which that is sought which in another operation is given, and that given which in the other is sought; as, finding the length of a pendulum from its time of vibration is the <i>reverse operation<i> to finding the time of vibration from the length.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="1234">
Page 1234<p>

<h1>Reverse</h1>
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<hw>Re*verse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>revers</ets>. See <er>Reverse</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which appears or is presented when anything, as a lance, a line, a course of conduct, etc., is reverted or turned contrary to its natural direction.</def>

<blockquote>He did so with the <b>reverse</b> of the lance.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is directly opposite or contrary to something else; a contrary; an opposite.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>And then mistook <b>reverse</b> of wrong for right.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To make everything the <b>reverse</b> of what they have seen, is quite as easy as to destroy.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act of reversing; complete change; reversal; hence, total change in circumstances or character; especially, a change from better to worse; misfortune; a check or defeat; <as>as, the enemy met with a <ex>reverse</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>The strange <b>reverse</b> of fate you see;
I pitied you, now you may pity me.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>By a <b>reverse</b> of fortune, Stephen becomes rich.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The back side; <as>as, the <ex>reverse</ex> of a drum or trench; the <ex>reverse</ex> of a medal or coin, that is, the side opposite to the <ant>obverse</ant></as>. See <er>Obverse</er>.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A thrust in fencing made with a backward turn of the hand; a backhanded stroke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A turn or fold made in bandaging, by which the direction of the bandage is changed.</def>

<h1>Reverse</h1>
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<hw>Re*verse"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reversed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reversing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Reverse</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, and cf. <er>Revert</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To turn back; to cause to face in a contrary direction; to cause to depart.</def>

<blockquote>And that old dame said many an idle verse,
Out of her daughter's heart fond fancies to <b>reverse</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cause to return; to recall.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>And to his fresh remembrance did <b>reverse</b>
The ugly view of his deformed crimes.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To change totally; to alter to the opposite.</def>

<blockquote><b>Reverse</b> the doom of death.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>She <b>reversed</b> the conduct of the celebrated vicar of Bray.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To turn upside down; to invert.</def>

<blockquote>A pyramid <b>reversed</b> may stand upon his point if balanced by admirable skill.
<i>Sir W. Temple.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Hence, to overthrow; to subvert.</def>

<blockquote>These can divide, and these <b>reverse</b>, the state.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Custom . . . <b>reverses</b> even the distinctions of good and evil.
<i>Rogers.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To overthrow by a contrary decision; to make void; to under or annual for error; <as>as, to <ex>reverse</ex> a judgment, sentence, or decree</as>.</def>

<cs><col>Reverse arms</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a position of a soldier in which the piece passes between the right elbow and the body at an angle of 45\'f8, and is held as in the illustration.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To reverse an engine</col> &or; <col>a machine</col></mcol>, <cd>to cause it to perform its revolutions or action in the opposite direction.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- To overturn; overset; invert; overthrow; subvert; repeal; annul; revoke; undo.</syn>

<h1>Reverse</h1>
<Xpage=1234>

<hw>Re*verse"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To return; to revert.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To become or be reversed.</def>

<h1>Reversed</h1>
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<hw>Re*versed"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Turned side for side, or end for end; changed to the contrary; specifically <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld>, sinistrorse or sinistral; <as>as, a <ex>reversed</ex>, or sinistral, spiral or shell</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Annulled and the contrary substituted; <as>as, a <ex>reversed</ex> judgment or decree</as>.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Reversed positive</col> &or; <col>negative</col></mcol> <fld>(Photog.)</fld>, <cd>a picture corresponding with the original in light and shade, but reversed as to right and left.</cd></cs>

<i>Abney.</i>

<h1>Reversedly</h1>
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<hw>Re*vers"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a reversed way.</def>

<h1>Reverseless</h1>
<Xpage=1234>

<hw>Re*verse"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Irreversible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>A. SEward.</i>

<h1>Reversely</h1>
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<hw>Re*verse"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a reverse manner; on the other hand; on the opposite.</def>

<i>Bp. Pearson.</i>

<h1>Reverser</h1>
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<hw>Re*vers"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reverses.</def>

<h1>Reversibility</h1>
<Xpage=1234>

<hw>Re*vers`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being reversible.</def>

<i>Tyndall.</i>

<h1>Reversible</h1>
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<hw>Re*vers"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82versible</ets> revertible, reversionary.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Capable of being reversed; <as>as, a chair or seat having a <ex>reversible</ex> back; a <ex>reversible</ex> judgment or sentence</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, having a pattern or finished surface on both sides, so that either may be used; -- said of fabrics.</def>

<cs><col>Reversible lock</col>, <cd>a lock that may be applied to a door opening in either direction, or hinged to either jamb.</cd> -- <col>Reversible process</col>. <cd>See under <er>Process</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reversibly</h1>
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<hw>Re*vers"i*bly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a reversible manner.</def>

<h1>Reversing</h1>
<Xpage=1234>

<hw>Re*vers"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving to effect reversal, as of motion; capable of being reversed.</def>

<cs><col>Reversing engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine having a reversing gear by means of which it can be made to run in either direction at will.</cd> -- <col>Reversing gear</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>gear for reversing the direction of rotation at will.</cd></cs>

<h1>Reversion</h1>
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<hw>Re*ver"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82version</ets>, L. <ets>reversio</ets> a turning back. See <er>Revert</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of returning, or coming back; return.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>After his <b>reversion</b> home, [he] was spoiled, also, of all that he brought with him.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which reverts or returns; residue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The small <b>reversion</b> of this great navy which came home might be looked upon by religious eyes as relics.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The returning of an esttate to the grantor or his heirs, by operation of law, after the grant has terminated; hence, the residue of an estate left in the proprietor or owner thereof, to take effect in possession, by operation of law, after the termination of a limited or less estate carved out of it and conveyed by him.</def>

<i>Kent.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Hence, a right to future possession or enjoiment; succession.</def>

<blockquote>For even <b>reversions</b> are all begged before.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Annuities)</fld> <def>A payment which is not to be received, or a benefit which does not begin, until the happening of some event, as the death of a living person.</def>

<i>Brande &C.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A return towards some ancestral type or character; atavism.</def>

<cs><col>Reversion of series</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>the act of reverting a series. See <cref>To revert a series</cref>, under <er>Revert</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></cd></cs>

<h1>Reversionary</h1>
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<hw>Re*ver"sion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a reversion; involving a reversion; to be enjoyed in succession, or after the termination of a particular estate; <as>as, a <ex>reversionary</ex> interest or right</as>.</def>

<h1>Reversionary</h1>
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<hw>Re*ver"sion*a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>That which is to be received in reversion.</def>

<h1>Reversioner</h1>
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<hw>Re*ver"sion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who has a reversion, or who is entitled to lands or tenements, after a particular estate granted is terminated.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Reversis</h1>
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<hw>Re*ver"sis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A certain game at cards.</def>

<h1>Revert</h1>
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<hw>Re*vert"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reverted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reverting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>revertere</ets>, <ets>reversum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>vertere</ets> to turn: cf. OF. <ets>revertir</ets>. See <er>Verse</er>, and cf. <er>Reverse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To turn back, or to the contrary; to reverse.</def>

<blockquote>Till happy chance <b>revert</b> the cruel scence.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The tumbling stream . . .
<b>Reverted</b>, plays in undulating flow.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To throw back; to reflect; to reverberate.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To change back. See <er>Revert</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def>

<cs><col>To revert a series</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>to treat a series, as <mathex>y = a + bx + cx<exp>2</exp>  + etc.</mathex>, where one variable <it>y<it> is expressed in powers of a second variable <it>x<it>, so as to find therefrom the second variable <it>x<it>, expressed in a series arranged in powers of <it>y<it>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Revert</h1>
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<hw>Re*vert"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To return; to come back.</def>

<blockquote>So that my arrows
Would have <b>reverted</b> to my bow again.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To return to the proprietor after the termination of a particular estate granted by him.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To return, wholly or in part, towards some pre\'89xistent form; to take on the traits or characters of an ancestral type.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To change back, as from a soluble to an insoluble state or the reverse; thus, phosphoric acid in certain fertilizers <i>reverts</i>.</def>

<h1>Revert</h1>
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<hw>Re*vert"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, reverts.</def>

<blockquote>An active promoter in making the East Saxons converts, or rather <b>reverts</b>, to the faith.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reverted</h1>
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<hw>Re*vert"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Turned back; reversed. Specifically: <fld>(Her.)</fld> Bent or curved twice, in opposite directions, or in the form of an <universbold>S</universbold>.</def>

<h1>Revertent</h1>
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<hw>Re*vert"ent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy which restores the natural order of the inverted irritative motions in the animal system.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Reverter</h1>
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<hw>Re*vert"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, reverts.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>(Law) Reversion.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<h1>Revertible</h1>
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<hw>Re*vert"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of, or admitting of, reverting or being reverted; <as>as, a <ex>revertible</ex> estate</as>.</def>

<h1>Revertive</h1>
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<hw>Re*vert"ive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Reverting, or tending to revert; returning.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*vert"ive*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<blockquote>The tide <b>revertive</b>, unattracted, leaves
A yellow waste of idle sands behind.
<i>Thomson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Revery</h1>
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<hw>Rev"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Reverie</er>.</def>

<h1>Revest</h1>
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<hw>Re*vest"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OF <ets>reverstir</ets>, F. <ets>rev\'88tir</ets>, L. <ets>revestire</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>vestire</ets> to clothe, fr. <ets>vestis</ets> a garment. See <er>Vestry</er>, and cf. <er>Revet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To clothe again; to cover, as with a robe; to robe.</def>

<blockquote>Her, nathless, . . . the enchanter<
id thus <b>revest</b> and decked with due habiliments.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To vest again with possession or office; <as>as, to <ex>revest</ex> a magistrate with authority</as>.</def>

<h1>Revest</h1>
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<hw>Re*vest"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take effect or vest again, as a title; to revert to former owner; <as>as, the title or right <ex>revels</ex> in A after alienation</as>.</def>

<h1>Revestiary</h1>
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<hw>Re*ves"ti*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>revestiarium</ets>: cf. F. <ets>revestiaire</ets>. See <er>Revest</er>.]</ety> <def>The apartment, in a church or temple, where the vestments, etc., are kept; -- now contracted into <i>vestry</i>.</def>

<h1>Revestry</h1>
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<hw>Re*ves"try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Revestiary</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Revestture</h1>
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<hw>Re*vest"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Vesture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Rich<b>revesture</b> of cloth of gold.
<i>E. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Revet</h1>
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<hw>Re*vet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Revetted</er>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Revetting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Revetment</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil. & Civil Engineering)</fld> <def>To face, as an embankment, with masonry, wood, or other material.</def>

<h1>Revetment</h1>
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<hw>Re*vet"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rev\'88tment</ets> the lining of a dith, fr. <ets>rev\'88tir</ets> to clothe, L. <ets>revestire</ets>. See <er>Revest</er>,<tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <fld>(Fort. & Engin.)</fld> <def>A facing of wood, stone, or any other material, to sustain an embankment when it receives a slope steeper than the natural slope; also, a retaining wall.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rev\'88tement</asp> (<?/).]</altsp>

<h1>Revibrate</h1>
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<hw>Re*vi"brate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To vibrate back or in return.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re`vi*bra"tion</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Revict</h1>
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<hw>Re*vict"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>revictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>revincere</ets> to conquer.]</ety> <def>To reconquer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Reviction</h1>
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<hw>Re*vic"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>revivere</ets>, <ets>revictum</ets>, to live again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>vivere</ets> to live.]</ety> <def>Return to life.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Revictual</h1>
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<hw>Re*vict"ual</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To victual again.</def>

<h1>Revie</h1>
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<hw>Re*vie"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To vie with, or rival, in return.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>To meet a wager on, as on the taking of a trick, with a higher wager.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Revie</h1>
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<hw>Re*vie"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To exceed an adversary's wager in card playing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a retort; to bandy words.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Review</h1>
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<hw>Re*view"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Review<?/d</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reveiwing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + view</ets>. Cf. <er>Riview</er>, <tt>n.</tt> ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To view or see again; to look back on</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "I shall <i>review</i> Sicilia."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To go over and examine critically or deliberately.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To reconsider; to revise, as a manuscript before printing it, or a book for a new edition</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To go over with critical examination, in order to discover exellences or defects; hence, to write a critical notice of; <as>as, to <ex>review</ex> a new novel</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>To make a formal or official examination of the state of, as troops, and the like; <as>as, to review a regiment</as>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To re\'89xamine judically; <as>as, a higher court may <ex>review</ex> the proceedings and judgments of a lower one</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To retrace; to go over again.</def>

<blockquote>Shall I the long, laborious scene <b>review</b>?
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Review</h1>
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<hw>Re*view"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To look back; to make a review.</def>

<h1>Review</h1>
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<hw>Re*view"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>revue</ets>, fr. <ets>revu</ets>, p. p. of <ets>revoir</ets> to see again, L. <ets>revidere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>videre</ets> to see. See <er>View</er>, <ets>and cf</ets>. <er>Revise</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A second or repeated view; a re\'89xamination; a retrospective survey; a looking over again; <as>as, a <ex>review</ex> of one's studies; a <ex>review</ex> of life</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An examination with a view to amendment or improvement; revision; <as>as, an author's <ex>review</ex> of his works</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A critical examination of a publication, with remarks; a criticism; a critique.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A periodical containing critical essays upon matters of interest, as new productions in literature, art, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>An inspection, as of troops under arms or of a naval force, by a high officer, for the purpose of ascertaining the state of discipline, equipments, etc.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The judicial examination of the proceedings of a lower court by a higher.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>A lesson studied or recited for a second time.</def>

<cs><col>Bill of review</col> <fld>(Equity)</fld>, <cd>a bill, in the nature of proceedings in error, filed to procure an examination and alteration or reversal of a final decree which has been duly signed and enrolled. <i>Wharton</i>.</cd> -- <col>Commission of review</col> <fld>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</fld>, <cd>a commission formerly granted by the crown to revise the sentence of the court of delegates.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Re\'89xamination; resurvey; retrospect; survey; reconsideration; revisal; revise; revision.</syn>

<h1>Reviewable</h1>
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<hw>Re*view"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being reviewed.</def>

<h1>Reviewal</h1>
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<hw>Re*view"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A review.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Reviewer</h1>
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<hw>Re*view"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reviews or re\'89xamines; an inspector; one who examines publications critically, and publishes his opinion upon their merits; a professional critic of books.</def>

<h1>Revigorate</h1>
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<hw>Re*vig"or*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>revigoratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>revigorare</ets>; L. <ets>re-</ets> + <ets>vigor</ets> vigor.]</ety> <def>Having new vigor or strength; invigorated anew.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Southey.</i>

<h1>Revigorate</h1>
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<hw>Re*vig"or*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To give new vigor to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Revile</h1>
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<hw>Re*vile"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Reviled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reviling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re-</ets> + OF. <ets>aviler</ets> to make vile, depreciate, F. <ets>avilir</ets>; \'85 (L. <ets>ad</ets>.) + <ets>vil</ets> vile. See <er>Vile</er>.]</ety> <def>To address or abuse with opprobrious and contemptuous language; to reproach.</def> "And did not she herself <i>revile</i> me there?"

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Who, when he was <b>reviled</b>, <b>reviled</b> not again.
<i>1 Pet. ii. 23.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To reproach; vilify; upbraid; calumniate.</syn>

<h1>Revile</h1>
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<hw>Re*vile"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reproach; reviling.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The gracious Judge, without <b>revile</b>, replied.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Revilement</h1>
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<hw>Re*vile"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reviling; also, contemptuous language; reproach; abuse.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Reviler</h1>
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<hw>Re*vil"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who reviles.</def>

<i>1. Cor. vi. 10.</i>

<h1>Reviling</h1>
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<hw>Re*vil"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Reproach; abuse; vilification.</def>

<blockquote>Neither be ye afraid of their <b>revilings</b>.
<i>Isa. li. 7.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reviling</h1>
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<hw>Re*vil"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Uttering reproaches; containing reproaches.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*vil"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Revince</h1>
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<hw>Re*vince"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Revict</er>.]</ety> <def>To overcome; to refute, as error.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Revindicate</h1>
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<hw>Re*vin"di*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + vindicate</ets>. Cf. <er>Revindicate</er>, <er>Revenge</er>.]</ety> <def>To vindicate again; to reclaim; to demand and take back.</def>

<i>Mitford.</i>

<h1>Revirescence</h1>
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<hw>Rev`i*res"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>revirescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>revirescere</ets> to grow green again.]</ety> <def>A growing green or fresh again; renewal of youth or vigor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Revisable</h1>
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<hw>Re*vis"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt><def>That may be revised.</def>

<h1>Revisal</h1>
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<hw>Re*vis"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Revise</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of revising, or reviewing and re\'89xamining for correction and improvement; revision; <as>as, the <ex>revisal</ex> of a manuscript; the <ex>revisal</ex> of a proof sheet; the <ex>revisal</ex> of a treaty.</as></def>

<h1>Revise</h1>
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<hw>Re*vise"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt>   <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Revised</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Revising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>reviser</ets>, fr. L. <ets>revidere</ets>, <ets>revisum</ets>, to see again; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>videre</ets>, <ets>visum</ets>, tosee. See <er>Review</er>, <er>View</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To look at again for the detection of errors; to re\'89xamine; to review; to look over with care for correction; <as>as, to <ex>revise</ex> a writing; to <ex>revise</ex> a translation.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>To compare (a proof) with a previous proof of the same matter, and mark again such errors as have not been corrected in the type.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To review, alter, and amend; <as>as, to <ex>revise</ex> statutes; to <ex>revise</ex> an agreement; to <ex>revise</ex> a dictionary.</as></def>

<cs><col>The Revised Version of the Bible</col>, <cd>a version prepared in accordance with a resolution passed, in 1870, by both houses of the Convocation of the Province of Canterbury, England. Both English and American revisers were employed on the work. It was first published in a complete form in 1885, and is a revised form of the Authorized Version. See <cref>Authorized Version</cref>, under <er>Authorized</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Revise</h1>
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<hw>Re*vise"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A review; a revision.</def>

<i>Boyle.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A second proof sheet; a proof sheet taken after the first or a subsequent correction.</def>

<h1>Reviser</h1>
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<hw>Re*vis"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who revises.</def>

<h1>Revision</h1>
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<hw>Re*vi"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82vision</ets>, L. revisio.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of revising; re\'89xamination for correction; review; <as>as, the <ex>revision</ex> of a book or writing, or of a proof sheet; a <ex>revision</ex> of statutes.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is made by revising.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Re\'89xamination; revisal; revise; review.</syn>

<h1>Revisional, Revisionary</h1>
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<hw><hw>Re*vi"sion*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Re*vi"sion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to revision; revisory.</def>

<hr>
<page="1235">
Page 1235<p>

<h1>Revisit</h1>
<Xpage=1235>

<hw>Re*vis"it</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To visit again.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To revise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ld. Berners.</i>

<h1>Revisitation</h1>
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<hw>Re*vis`it*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of revisiting.</def>

<h1>Revisory</h1>
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<hw>Re*vi"so*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having the power or purpose to revise; revising.</def>

<i>Story.</i>

<h1>Revitalize</h1>
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<hw>Re*vi"tal*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To restore vitality to; to bring back to life.</def>

<i>L. S. Beale.</i>

<h1>Revivable</h1>
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<hw>Re*viv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be revived.</def>

<h1>Revival</h1>
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<hw>Re*viv"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Revive</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of reviving, or the state of being revived.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Renewed attention to something, as to letters or literature</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Renewed performance of, or interest in, something, as the drama and literature</def>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Renewed interest in religion, after indifference and decline; a period of religious awakening; special religious interest</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>Reanimation from a state of langour or depression; -- applied to the health, spirits, and the like</def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Renewed pursuit, or cultivation, or flourishing state of something, as of commerce, arts, agriculture</def>. <sd>(f)</sd> <def>Renewed prevalence of something, as a practice or a fashion</def>. <sd>(g)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Restoration of force, validity, or effect; renewal; <as>as, the <ex>revival</ex> of a debt barred by limitation; the <ex>revival</ex> of a revoked will, etc.</as></def> <sd>(h)</sd> <def>Revivification, as of a metal. See <er>Revivification</er>, 2.</def>

<h1>Revivalism</h1>
<Xpage=1235>

<hw>Re*viv"al*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The spirit of religious revivals; the methods of revivalists.</def>

<h1>Revivalist</h1>
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<hw>Re*viv"al*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A clergyman or layman who promotes revivals of religion; an advocate for religious revivals; sometimes, specifically, a clergyman, without a particular charge, who goes about to promote revivals. Also used adjectively.</def>

<h1>Revivalistic</h1>
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<hw>Re*viv`al*is"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to revivals.</def>

<h1>Revive</h1>
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<hw>Re*vive"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt>   <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Revived</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Reviving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>revivere</ets>, L. <ets>revivere</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>vivere</ets> to live. See <er>Vivid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To return to life; to recover life or strength; to live anew; to become reanimated or reinvigorated.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>The Lord heard the voice of Elijah; and the soul of the child came into again, and he <b>revived</b>.
<i>1 Kings xvii. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to recover from a state of oblivion, obscurity, neglect, or depression; <as>as, classical learning <ex>revived</ex> in the fifteenth century</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>To recover its natural or metallic state, as a metal.</def>

<h1>Revive</h1>
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<hw>Re*vive"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>reviver</ets>. See <er>Revive</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To restore, or bring again to life; to reanimate.</def>

<blockquote>Those bodies, by reason of whose mortality we died, shall be <b>revived</b>.
<i>Bp. Pearson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To raise from coma,, languor, depression, or discouragement; to bring into action after a suspension.</def>

<blockquote>Those gracious words <b>revive</b> my drooping thoughts.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Your coming, friends, <b>revives</b> me.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, to recover from a state of neglect or disuse; <as>as, to <ex>revive</ex> letters or learning</as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To renew in the mind or memory; to bring to recollection; to recall attention to; to reawaken.</def> "<i>Revive</i> the libels born to die."

<i>Swift.</i>

<blockquote>The mind has a power in many cases to <b>revive</b> perceptions which it has once had.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>To restore or reduce to its natural or metallic state; <as>as, to <ex>revive</ex> a metal after calcination</as>.</def>

<h1>Revivement</h1>
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<hw>Re*vive"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Revival.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Reviver</h1>
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<hw>Re*viv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, revives.</def>

<h1>Revivificate</h1>
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<hw>Re`vi*vif"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>re- + vivificate</ets>: cf. L. <ets>revivificare</ets>, <ets>revivificatum</ets>. Cf. <er>Revivify</er>.]</ety> <def>To revive; to recall or restore to life.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Revivification</h1>
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<hw>Re*viv`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82vivification</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Renewal of life; restoration of life; the act of recaling, or the state of being recalled, to life.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Old Chem.)</fld> <def>The reduction of a metal from a state of combination to its metallic state.</def>

<h1>Revivify</h1>
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<hw>Re*viv"i*fy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82vivifier</ets>, L. <ets>revivificare</ets>. See <er>Vivify</er>.]</ety> <def>To cause to revive.</def>

<blockquote>Some association may <b>revivify</b> it enough to make it flash, after a long oblivion, into consciousness.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reviving</h1>
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<hw>Re*viv"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a. & n.</tt> <def>Returning or restoring to life or vigor; reanimating.</def> <i>Milton</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Re*viv"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Reviviscence, Revviscency</h1>
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<hw><hw>Rev`i*vis"cence</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Rev`*vis"cen*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of reviving, or the state of being revived; renewal of life.</def>

<blockquote>In this age we have a sort of <b>reviviscence</b>, not, I fear, of the power, but of a taste for the power, of the early times.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reviviscent</h1>
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<hw>Rev`i*vis"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>reviviscens</ets>, p. pr. of<ets>reviviscere</ets> to revive; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>viviscere</ets>, v. incho. fr. <ets>vivere</ets> to live.]</ety> <def>Able or disposed to revive; reviving.</def>

<i>E. Darwin.</i>

<h1>Revivor</h1>
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<hw>Re*viv"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Revival of a suit which is abated by the death or marriage of any of the parties, -- done by a bill of <i>revivor</i>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Revocability</h1>
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<hw>Rev`o*ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being revocable; <as>as, the <ex>revocability</ex> of a law</as>.</def>

<h1>Revocable</h1>
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<hw>Rev"o*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>revocabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82vocable</ets>. See <er>Revoke</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being revoked; <as>as, a <ex>revocable</ex> edict or grant; a <ex>revocable</ex> covenant.</as></def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rev"o*ca*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Rev"o*ca*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Revocate</h1>
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<hw>Rev"o*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>revocatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>revocare</ets>. See <er>Revoke</er>.]</ety> <def>To recall; to call back</def>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Revocation</h1>
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<hw>Rev`o*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>revocatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82vocation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of calling back, or the state of being recalled; recall.</def>

<blockquote>One that saw the people bent for the <b>revocation</b> of Calvin, gave him notice of their affection.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act by which one, having the right, annuls an act done, a power or authority given, or a license, gift, or benefit conferred; repeal; reversal; <as>as, the <ex>revocation</ex> of an edict, a power, a will, or a license</as>.</def>

<h1>Revocatory</h1>
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<hw>Rev"o**ca*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>revocatorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>r\'82vocatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to revocation; tending to, or involving, a revocation; revoking; recalling.</def>

<h1>Revoice</h1>
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<hw>Re*voice"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To refurnish with a voice; to refit, as an organ pipe, so as to restore its tone.</def>

<h1>Revoke</h1>
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<hw>Re*voke"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Revoked</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Revoking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82voquer</ets>, L. <ets>revocare</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>vocare</ets> to call, fr. <ets>vox</ets>, <ets>vocis</ets>, voice. See <er>Voice</er>, and cf. <er>Revocate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To call or bring back; to recall.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>The faint sprite he did <b>revoke</b> again,
To her frail mansion of morality.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to annul, by recalling or taking back; to repeal; to rescind; to cancel; to reverse, as anything granted by a special act; <as>as, , to <ex>revoke</ex> a will, a license, a grant, a permission, a law, or the like</as>.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To hold back; to repress; to restrain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>[She] still strove their sudden rages to <b>revoke</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To draw back; to withdraw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To call back to mind; to recollect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>A man, by <b>revoking</b> and recollecting within himself former passages, will be still apt to inculcate these sad memoris to his conscience.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To abolish; recall; repeal; rescind; countermand; annul; abrogate; cancel; reverse. See <er>Abolish</er>.</syn>

<h1>Revoke</h1>
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<hw>Re*voke"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>To fail to follow suit when holding a card of the suit led, in violation of the rule of the game; to renege.</def>

<i>Hoyle.</i>

<h1>Revoke</h1>
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<hw>Re*voke"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Card Playing)</fld> <def>The act of revoking.</def>

<blockquote>She [Sarah Battle] never made a <b>revoke</b>.
<i>Lamb.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Revokement</h1>
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<hw>Re*voke"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Revocation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Revoker</h1>
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<hw>Re*vok"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who revokes.</def>

<h1>Revokingly</h1>
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<hw>Re*vok"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>By way of revocation.</def>

<h1>Revolt</h1>
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<hw>Re*volt"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Revolted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Revolting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82voller</ets>, It. <ets>rivoltare</ets>. See <er>Revolt</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To turn away; to abandon or reject something; specifically, to turn away, or shrink, with abhorrence.</def>

<blockquote>But this got by casting pearl to hogs,
That bawl for freedom in their senseless mood,
And still <b>revolt</b> when trith would set them free.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>HIs clear intelligence <b>revolted</b> from the dominant sophisms of that time.
<i>J. Morley.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to be faithless; to desert one party or leader for another; especially, to renounce allegiance or subjection; to rise against a government; to rebel.</def>

<blockquote>Our discontented counties do <b>revolt</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Plant those that have <b>revolted</b> in the van.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be disgusted, shocked, or grossly offended; hence, to feel nausea; -- with <i>at</i>; <as>as, the stomach <ex>revolts</ex> at such food; his nature <ex>revolts</ex> at cruelty.</as></def>

<h1>Revolt</h1>
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<hw>Re*volt"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to turn back; to roll or drive back; to put to flight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To do violence to; to cause to turn away or shrink with abhorrence; to shock; <as>as, to <ex>revolt</ex> the feelings</as>.</def>

<blockquote>This abominable medley is made rather to <b>revolt</b> young and ingenuous minds.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To derive delight from what inflicts pain on any sentient creatuure <b>revolted</b> his conscience and offended his reason.
<i>J. Morley.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Revolt</h1>
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<hw>Re*volt"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82volte</ets>, It. <ets>rivolta</ets>, fr. <ets>rivolto</ets>, p. p. fr. L. <ets>revolvere</ets>, <ets>revolutum</ets>. See <er>Revolve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of revolting; an uprising against legitimate authority; especially, a renunciation of allegiance and subjection to a government; rebellion; <as>as, the <ex>revolt</ex> of a province of the Roman empire</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Who first seduced them to that foul <b>revolt</b>?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A revolter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Ingrate <i>revolts</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Insurrection; sedition; rebellion; mutiny. See <er>Insurrection</er>.</syn>

<h1>Revolter</h1>
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<hw>Re*volt"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who revolts.</def>

<h1>Revolting</h1>
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<hw>Re*volt"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Causing abhorrence mixed with disgust; exciting extreme repugnance; loathsome; <as>as, <ex>revolting</ex> cruelty</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*volt"ing*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Revoluble</h1>
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<hw>Rev"o*lu*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>revolubilis</ets> that may be rolled back. See <er>Revolve</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of revolving; rotatory; revolving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Us, then, to whom the thrice three year
Hath filled his <b>revoluble</b> orb since our arrival here,
I blame not.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Revolute</h1>
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<hw>Rev"o*lute</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>revolutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>revolvere</ets>. See <er>Revolve</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Rolled backward or downward.</def>

<note>&hand; A <i>revolute</i> leaf is coiled downwards, with the lower surface inside the coil. A leaf with <i>revolute</i> margins has the edges rolled under, as in the <i>Andromeda polifilia</i>.</note>

<h1>Revolution</h1>
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<hw>Rev`o*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82volution</ets>, L.  <ets>revolutio</ets>. See <er>Revolve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of revolving, or turning round on an axis or a center; the motion of a body round a fixed point or line; rotation; <as>as, the <ex>revolution</ex> of a wheel, of a top, of the earth on its axis, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Return to a point before occupied, or to a point relatively the same; a rolling back; return; <as>as, <ex>revolution</ex> in an ellipse or spiral</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That fear
Comes thundering back, with dreadful <b>revolution</b>,
On my defenseless head.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The space measured by the regular return of a revolving body; the period made by the regular recurrence of a measure of time, or by a succession of similar events.</def> "The short <i>revolution</i> of a day."

<i>Dryden.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The motion of any body, as a planet or satellite, in a curved line or orbit, until it returns to the same point again, or to a point relatively the same; -- designated as the <i>annual</i>, <i>anomalistic</i>, <i>nodical</i>, <i>sidereal</i>, or <i>tropical revolution</i>, according as the point of return or completion has a fixed relation to the year, the anomaly, the nodes, the stars, or the tropics; <as>as, the <ex>revolution</ex> of the earth about the sun; the <ex>revolution</ex> of the moon about the earth.</as></def>

<note>&hand; The term is sometimes applied in astronomy to the motion of a single body, as a planet, about its own axis, but this motion is usually called <i>rotation</i>.</note>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The motion of a point, line, or surface about a point or line as its center or axis, in such a manner that a moving point generates a curve, a moving line a surface (called a <i>surface of revolution</i>), and a moving surface a solid (called a <i>solid of revolution</i>); <as>as, the <ex>revolution</ex> of a right-angled triangle about one of its sides generates a cone; the <ex>revolution</ex> of a semicircle about the diameter generates a sphere.</as></def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A total or radical change; <as>as, a <ex>revolution</ex> in one's circumstances or way of living</as>.</def>

<blockquote>The ability . . . of the great philosopher speedily produced a complete <b>revolution</b> throughout the department.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Politics)</fld> <def>A fundamental change in political organization, or in a government or constitution; the overthrow or renunciation of one government, and the substitution of another, by the governed.</def>

<blockquote>The violence of <b>revolutions</b> is generally proportioned to the degree of the maladministration which has produced them.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; When used without qualifying terms, the word is often applied specifically, by way of eminence, to: (<i>a</i>) The English <i>Revolution</i> in 1689, when William of Orange and Mary became the reigning sovereigns, in place of James II. (<i>b</i>) The American <i>Revolution</i>, beginning in 1775, by which the English colonies, since known as the United States, secured their independence. (<i>c</i>) The <i>revolution</i> in France in 1789, commonly called <i>the French Revolution</i>, the subsequent revolutions in that country being designated by their dates, as the <i>Revolution</i> of 1830, of 1848, etc.</note>

<h1>Revolutionary</h1>
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<hw>Rev`o*lu"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82volutionnaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a revolution in government; tending to, or promoting, revolution; <as>as, <ex>revolutionary</ex> war; <ex>revolutionary</ex> measures; <ex>revolutionary</ex> agitators</as>.</def>

<h1>Revolutionary</h1>
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<hw>Rev`o*lu"tion*a*ry</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A revolutionist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>Dumfries was a Tory town, and could not tolerate a <b>revolutionary</b>.
<i>Prof. Wilson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Revolutioner</h1>
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<hw>Rev`o*lu"tion*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who is engaged in effecting a revolution; a revolutionist.</def>

<i>Smollett.</i>

<h1>Revolutionism</h1>
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<hw>Rev`o*lu"tion*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being in revolution; revolutionary doctrines or principles.</def>

<h1>Revolutionist</h1>
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<hw>Rev`o*lu"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One engaged in effecting a change of government; a favorer of revolution.</def>

<i>Burke.</i>

<h1>Revolutionize</h1>
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<hw>Rev`o*lu"tion*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Revolutioniezed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Revolutionizing</er><tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To change completely, as by a revolution; <as>as, to <ex>revolutionize</ex> a government</as>.</def>

<i>Ames.</i>

<blockquote>The gospel . . . has <b>revolutionized</b> his soul.
<i>J. M. Mason.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Revolutive</h1>
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<hw>Re*vol"u*tive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Inclined to revolve things in the mind; meditative.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Feltham.</i>

<h1>Revolvable</h1>
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<hw>Re*volv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be revolved.</def>

<h1>Revolve</h1>
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<hw>Re*volve"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Revolved</er><tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Revolving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>revolvere</ets>, <ets>revolutum</ets>; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>volvere</ets> to roll, turn round. See <er>Voluble</er>, and cf. <er>Revolt</er>, <er>revolution</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To turn or roll round on, or as on, an axis, like a wheel; to rotate, -- which is the more specific word in this sense.</def>

<blockquote>If the earth <b>revolve</b> thus, each house pear the equator must move a thousand miles an hour.
<i>I. Watts.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To move in a curved path round a center; <as>as, the planets <ex>revolve</ex> round the sun</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To pass in cycles; <as>as, the centuries <ex>revolve</ex></as>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To return; to pass.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<h1>Revolve</h1>
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<hw>Re*volve"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to turn, as on an axis.</def>

<blockquote>Then in the east her turn she shines,
<b>Revolved</b> on heaven's great axile.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to turn over and over in the mind; to reflect repeatedly upon; to consider all aspects of.</def>

<blockquote>This having heard, straight I again <b>revolved</b>
The law and prophets.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Revolvement</h1>
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<hw>Re*volve"ment</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Act of revolving.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Revolvency</h1>
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<hw>Re*volv"en*cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or state of revolving; revolution.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>Its own <b>revolvency</b> upholds the world.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Revolver</h1>
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<hw>Re*volv"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>One who, or that which, revolves; specifically, a firearm ( commonly a pistol) with several chambers or barrels so arranged as to revolve on an axis, and be discharged in succession by the same lock; a repeater.</def>

<h1>Revolving</h1>
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<hw>Re*volv"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Making a revolution or revolutions; rotating; -- used also figuratively of time, seasons, etc., depending on the revolution of the earth.</def>

<blockquote>But grief returns with the <b>revolving</b> year.
<i>Shelley.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Revolving</b> seasons, fruitless as they pass.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Revolving firearm</col>. <cd>See <er>Revolver</er>.</cd> -- <col>Revolving light</col>, <cd>a light or lamp in a lighthouse so arranged as to appear and disappear at fixed intervals, either by being turned about an axis so as to show light only at intervals, or by having its light occasionally intercepted by a revolving screen.</cd></cs>

<h1>Revulse</h1>
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<hw>Re*vulse"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>revulsus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>revellere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To pull back with force.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Revulsion</h1>
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<hw>Re*vul"sion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>r\'82vulsion</ets>, L. <ets>revulsio</ets>, fr. <ets>revellere</ets>, <ets>revulsum</ets>, to pluck or pull away; pref. <ets>re-</ets> re- + <ets>vellere</ets> to pull. Cf. <er>Convulse</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A strong pulling or drawing back; withdrawal.</def> "<i>Revulsions</i> and pullbacks."

<i>SSir T. Brovne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sudden reaction; a sudden and complete change; -- applied to the feelings.</def>

<blockquote>A sudden and violent <b>revulsion</b> of feeling, both in the Parliament and the country, followed.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act of turning or diverting any disease from one part of the body to another. It resembles <i>derivation</i>, but is usually applied to a more active form of counter irritation.</def>

<h1>Revulsive</h1>
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<hw>Re*vul"sive</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>r\'82vulsif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing, or tending to, revulsion.</def>

<h1>Revulsive</h1>
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<hw>Re*vul"sive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>That which causes revulsion; specifically <fld>(Med.)</fld>, a revulsive remedy or agent.</def>

<h1>Rew</h1>
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<hw>Rew</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Row</er> a series.]</ety> <def>A row.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>. "A <i>rew</i> of sundry colored stones."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Rewake</h1>
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<hw>Re*wake""</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>To wake again.</def>

<hr>
<page="1236">
Page 1236<p>

<h1>Reward</h1>
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<hw>Re*ward"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rewarded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rewarding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>rewarder</ets>, another form of <ets>regarder</ets>, of German origin. The original sense is, to look at, regard, hence, to regard as worthy, give a reward to. See <er>Ward</er>, <er>Regard</er>.]</ety> <def>To give in return, whether good or evil; -- commonly in a good sense; to requite; to recompense; to repay; to compensate.</def>

<blockquote>After the deed that is done, one doom shall <b>reward</b>,
Mercy or no mercy as truth will accord.
<i>Piers Plowman.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Thou hast <b>rewarded</b> me good, whereas I have <b>rewarded</b> thee evil.
<i>1 Sam. xxiv. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I will render vengeance to mine enemies, and will <b>reward</b> them that hate me.
<i>Deut. xxxii. 41.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>God <b>rewards</b> those that have made use of the single talent.
<i>Hammond.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Reward</h1>
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<hw>Re*ward"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Reward</er>, <tt>v.</tt>, and cf. <er>Regard</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Regard; respect; consideration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Take <b>reward</b> of thine own value.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is given in return for good or evil done or received; esp., that which is offered or given in return for some service or attainment, as for excellence in studies, for the return of something lost, etc.; recompense; requital.</def>

<blockquote>Thou returnest
From flight, seditious angel, to receive
Thy merited <b>reward</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Rewards</b> and punishments do always presuppose something willingly done well or ill.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, the fruit of one's labor or works.</def>

<blockquote>The dead know not anything, neither have they any more a <b>reward</b>.
<i>Eccl. ix. 5.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Compensation or remuneration for services; a sum of money paid or taken for doing, or forbearing to do, some act.</def>

<i>Burrill.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Recompense; compensation; remuneration; pay; requital; retribution; punishment.</syn>

<h1>Rewardable</h1>
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<hw>Re*ward"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Worthy of reward.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Re*ward"a*ble*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Re*ward"a*bly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Rewarder</h1>
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<hw>Re*ward"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rewards.</def>

<h1>Rewardful</h1>
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<hw>Re*ward"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Yielding reward.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Rewardless</h1>
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<hw>Re*ward"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having, or affording, no reward.</def>

<h1>Rewe</h1>
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<hw>Rewe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <def>Tu rue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Rewel bone</h1>
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<hw>Rew"el bone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[Perh. from F. <ets>rouelle</ets>, dim. of <ets>roue</ets> a wheel, L. <ets>rota</ets>.]</ety> <def>An obsolete phrase of disputed meaning, -- perhaps, smooth or polished bone.</def>

<blockquote>His saddle was of <b>rewel boon</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rewet</h1>
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<hw>Rew"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Rouet</er>.]</ety> <def>A gunlock.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Rewful</h1>
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<hw>Rew"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rueful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Rewin</h1>
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<hw>Re*win"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To win again, or win back.</def>

<blockquote>The Palatinate was not worth the <b>rewinning</b>.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rewle</h1>
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<hw>Rewle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. & v.</tt> <def>Rule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Rewme</h1>
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<hw>Rewme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Realm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Reword</h1>
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<hw>Re*word"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To repeat in the same words; to re\'89cho.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To alter the wording of; to restate in other words; <as>as, to <ex>reword</ex> an idea or a passage</as>.</def>

<h1>Rewrite</h1>
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<hw>Re*write"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To write again.</def>

<i>Young.</i>

<h1>Rewth</h1>
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<hw>Rewth</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ruth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Rex</h1>
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<hw>Rex</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Reges</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A king.</def>

<cs><col>To play rex</col>, <cd>to play the king; to domineer. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>

<h1>Reyn</h1>
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<hw>Reyn</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rain or rein.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Reynard</h1>
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<hw>Rey"nard</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An appelation applied after the manner of a proper name to the fox. Same as <er>Renard</er>.</def>

<h1>Reyse</h1>
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<hw>Reyse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To raise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Reyse</h1>
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<hw>Reyse</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>reisen</ets> to travel.]</ety> <def>To go on a military expedition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Rhabarbarate</h1>
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<hw>Rha*bar"ba*rate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From NL. <ets>rhabarbarum</ets>, an old name of rhubarb. See <er>Rhubarb</er>.]</ety> <def>Impregnated or tinctured with rhubarb.</def>

<i>Floyer.</i>

<h1>Rhabarbarin, &or; Rhabarbarine</h1>
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<hw><hw>Rha*bar"ba*rin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, &or; <hw>Rha*bar"ba*rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Chrysophanic acid.</def>

<h1>Rhabdite</h1>
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<hw>Rhab"dite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"ra`bdos</grk> a rod.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A minute smooth rodlike or fusiform structure found in the tissues of many Turbellaria.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the hard parts forming the ovipositor of insects.</def>

<h1>Rhabdoc\'d2la</h1>
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<hw>Rhab`do*c\'d2"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ra`bdos</grk> a rod + <?/<?/<?/ hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of Turbellaria including those that have a simple cylindrical, or saclike, stomach, without an intestine.</def>

<h1>Rhabdoc\'d2lous</h1>
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<hw>Rhab`do*c\'d2"lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Rhabdoc\'d2la.</def>

<h1>Rhabdoidal</h1>
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<hw>Rhab*doid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>See <er>Sagittal</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhabdolith</h1>
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<hw>Rhab"do*lith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"ra`bdos</grk> a rod + <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <def>A minute calcareous rodlike structure found both at the surface and the bottom of the ocean; -- supposed by some to be a calcareous alga.</def>

<h1>Rhabdology</h1>
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<hw>Rhab*dol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Rabdology</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhabdom</h1>
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<hw>Rhab"dom</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a bundle of rods, fr. <grk>"ra`bdos</grk> a rod.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of numerous minute rodlike structures formed of two or more cells situated behind the retinul\'91 in the compound eyes of insects, etc. See <i>Illust</i>. under <er>Ommatidium</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhabdomancy</h1>
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<hw>Rhab"do*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Rabdomancy</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhabdomere</h1>
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<hw>Rhab"do*mere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rhabdom</ets> + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the several parts composing a rhabdom.</def>

<h1>Rhabdophora</h1>
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<hw>Rhab*doph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ra`bdos</grk> a rod + <?/<?/<?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extinct division of Hydrozoa which includes the graptolities.</def>

<h1>Rhabdopleura</h1>
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<hw>Rhab`do*pleu"ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ra`bdos</grk> a rod + <?/<?/<?/<?/ the side.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine Bryozoa in which the tubular cells have a centralchitinous axis and the tentacles are borne on a bilobed lophophore. It is the type of the order Pterobranchia, or Podostomata</def>

<h1>Rhabdosphere</h1>
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<hw>Rhab"do*sphere</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"ra`bdos</grk> a rod + E. <ets>sphere</ets>.]</ety> <def>A minute sphere composed of rhabdoliths.</def>

<h1>Rhachialgia</h1>
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<hw>Rha`chi*al"gi*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Rachialgia</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhachidian</h1>
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<hw>Rha*chid"i*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the rhachis; <as>as, the <ex>rhachidian</ex> teeth of a mollusk</as>.</def>

<h1>Rhachiglossa</h1>
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<hw>Rhach`i*glos"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Rhachis</er>, and <er>Glossa</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of marine gastropods having a retractile proboscis and three longitudinal rows of teeth on the radula. It includes many of the large ornamental shells, as the miters, murices, olives, purpuras, volutes, and whelks. See <i>Illust</i>. in Append.</def>

<h1>Rhachilla</h1>
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<hw>Rha*chil"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ra`chis</grk> the spine.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A branch of inflorescence; the zigzag axis on which the florets are arranged in the spikelets of grasses.</def>

<h1>Rhachiodont</h1>
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<hw>Rha"chi*o*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"ra`chis</grk>, <grk>-ios</grk>, the spine + <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having gular teeth formed by a peculiar modification of the inferior spines of some of the vertebr\'91, as certain South African snakes (<spn>Dasypelits</spn>) which swallow birds' eggs and use these gular teeth to crush them.</def>

<h1>Rhachis</h1>
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<hw>Rha"chis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. E. <plw>Rhachises</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>, L. <plw>Rhachides</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Rachis</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rechis</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The spine.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The continued stem or midrib of a pinnately compound leaf, as in a rose leaf or a fern.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The principal axis in a raceme, spike, panicle, or corymb.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The shaft of a feather. The rhachis of the after-shaft, or plumule, is called the <i>hyporhachis</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The central cord in the stem of a crinoid.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The median part of the radula of a mollusk.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A central cord of the ovary of nematodes.</def>

<h1>Rhachitis</h1>
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<hw>Rha*chi"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Rachitis</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhadamanthine</h1>
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<hw>Rhad`a*man"thine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Rhadamanthus; rigorously just; <as>as, a <ex>Rhadamanthine</ex> judgment</as>.</def>

<h1>Rhagamanthus</h1>
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<hw>Rhag`a*man"thus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Greek Mythol.)</fld> <def>One of the three judges of the internal regions; figuratively, a strictly just judge.</def>

<h1>Rh</tian</h1>
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<hw>Rh<?/"ti*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a & n.</tt> <def>Rhetain.</def>

<h1>Rh</tic</h1>
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<hw>Rh<?/"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Rhaeticus</ets> Rhetain.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Pertining to, or of the same horizon as, certain Mesozoic strata of the Rhetain Alps. These strata are regarded as closing the Triassic period. See the <i>Chart</i> of <er>Geology</er>.</def>

<h1>Rh</tizite</h1>
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<hw>Rh<?/"ti*zite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[So called from L. <ets>Rhaetia</ets>, <ets>Raetia</ets>, the Rhetain Alps, where it is found.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of the mineral cyanite.</def>

<h1>Rhamadan</h1>
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<hw>Rham`a*dan"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ramadan</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhamnaceous</h1>
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<hw>Rham*na"ceous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of shrubs and trees (<spn>Rhamnace\'91</spn>, or <spn>Rhamne\'91</spn>) of which the buckthorn (<spn>Rhamnus</spn>) is the type. It includes also the New Jersey tea, the supple-jack, and one of the plants called lotus (<spn>Zizyphus</spn>).</def>

<h1>Rhamnus</h1>
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<hw>Rham"nus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a kind of prickly shrub; cf. L. <ets>rhamnos</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of shrubs and small trees; buckthorn. The California <spn>Rhamnus Purchianus</spn> and the European <spn>R. catharticus</spn> are used in medicine. The latter is used for hedges.</def>

<h1>Rhamphorhynchus</h1>
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<hw>Rham`pho*rhyn"chus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ a beak + <?/<?/<?/<?/ snout.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of pterodactyls in which the elongated tail supported a leathery expansion at the tip.</def>

<h1>Rhamphotheca</h1>
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<hw>Rham`pho*the"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rhamphothec\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr <?/<?/<?/ a beak + <?/<?/ a case.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The horny covering of the bill of birds.</def>

<h1>Rhaphe</h1>
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<hw>Rha"phe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ seam, fr. <?/<?/<?/ to sew. ]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The continuation of the seed stalk along the side of an anatropous ovule or seed, forming a ridge or seam.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>raphe</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Gray.</i>

<h1>Rhaphides</h1>
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<hw>Rhaph"i*des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, a needle, F. <ets>raphides</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Minute transparent, often needlle-shaped, crystals found in the tissues of plants.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>raphides</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Rhaponticine</h1>
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<hw>Rha*pon"ti*cine</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rhaponticum</ets> rhubarb. See <er>Rhubarb</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Chrysophanic acid.

<h1>Rhapsode</h1>
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<hw>Rhap"sode</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/. See <er>Rhapsody</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A rhapsodist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Grote.</i>

<h1>Rhapsoder</h1>
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<hw>Rhap"so*der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rhapsodist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rhapsodic, Rhapsodic</h1>
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<hw><hw>Rhap*sod"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Rhap*sod"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt><hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/: cf. F. <ets>rhapsodique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to rhapsody; consisting of rhapsody; hence, confused; unconnected.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Rhap*sod"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Rhapsodist</h1>
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<hw>Rhap"so*dist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Rhapsody</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anciently, one who recited or composed a rhapsody; especially, one whose profession was to recite the verses of Hormer and other epic poets.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, one who recites or sings poems for a livelihood; one who makes and repeats verses extempore.</def>

<blockquote>The same populace sit for hours listening to <b>rhapsodists</b> who recite Ariosto.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who writes or speaks disconnectedly and with great excitement or affectation of feeling.</def>

<i>I. Watts.</i>

<h1>Rhapsodize</h1>
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<hw>Rhap"so*dize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rhapsodized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rhapsodizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To utter as a rhapsody, or in the manner of a rhapsody</def>

<i>Sterne.</i>

<h1>Rhapsodize</h1>
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<hw>Rhap"so*dize</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To utter rhapsodies.</def>

<i>Jefferson.</i>

<h1>Rhapsodomancy</h1>
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<hw>Rhap"so*do*man`cy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rhapsody</ets> + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of verses.</def>

<h1>Rhapsody</h1>
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<hw>Rhap"so*dy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rhapsodies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>rhapsodie</ets>, L.  <ets>rhapsodia</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/ a rhapsodist; <?/<?/<?/<?/ to sew, stith together, unite + <?/<?/<?/ a song. See <er>Ode</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A recitation or song of a rhapsodist; a portion of an epic poem adapted for recitation, or usually recited, at one time; hence, a division of the Iliad or the Odyssey; -- called also a <altname>book</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A disconnected series of sentences or statements composed under excitement, and without dependence or natural connection; rambling composition.</def> "A <i>rhapsody</i> of words." <i>Shak</i>. "A <i>rhapsody</i> of tales."

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A composition irregular in form, like an improvisation; <as>as, Liszt's "Hungarian <ex>Rhapsodies</ex></as>."</def>

<h1>Rhatany, Rhatanhy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Rhat"a*ny</hw>, <hw>Rhat"an*hy</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sp. <ets>ratania</ets>, <ets>rata\'a4a</ets>, Peruv. <ets>rata\'a4a</ets>.]</ety> <def>The powerfully astringent root of a half-shrubby Peruvian plant (<spn>Krameria triandra</spn>). It is used in medicine and to color port wine.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>ratany</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>Savanilla rhatany</col>, <cd>the root of <spn>Krameria Ixina</spn>, a native of New Granada.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rhea</h1>
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<hw>Rhe"a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The ramie or grass-cloth plant. See <cref>Grass-cloth plant</cref>, under <er>Grass</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhea</h1>
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<hw>Rhe"a</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., a proper name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of three species of large South American ostrichlike birds of the genera <spn>Rhea</spn> and <spn>Pterocnemia</spn>. Called also the <altname>American ostrich</altname>.</def>

<note>&hand; The common rhea, or nandou (<spn>Rhea Americana</spn>), ranges from Brazil to Patagonia. Darwin's rhea (<spn>Pterocnemia Darwinii</spn>), of Patagonia, is smaller, and has the legs feathered below the knee.</note>

<h1>Rhe\'91</h1>
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<hw>Rhe"\'91</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of struthious birds including the rheas.</def>

<h1>Rheeboc</h1>
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<hw>Rhee"boc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>reebok</ets> roebuck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The peele.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>reebok</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Rheic</h1>
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<hw>Rhe"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>Rheum</ets> rhubarb, Gr. <?/<?/<?/ See <er>Rhubarb</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (commonly called chrysophanic acid) found in rhubarb (<spn>Rheum</spn>).</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<h1>Rhein</h1>
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<hw>Rhe"in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Chrysophanic acid.</def>

<h1>Rheinberry</h1>
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<hw>Rhein"ber*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>rheinbeere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the berries or drupes of the European buckthorn; also, the buckthorn itself.</def>

<h1>Rhematic</h1>
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<hw>Rhe*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ of or for a verb, fr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, a sentence. See <er>Rhetoric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Having a verb for its base; derived from a verb; <as>as, <ex>rhematic</ex> adjectives</as>.</def>

<i>Ftzed. Hall.</i>

<h1>Rhematic</h1>
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<hw>Rhe*mat"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The doctrine of propositions or sentences.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Rhemish</h1>
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<hw>Rhemish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Rheimis, or Reima, in France.</def>

<cs><col>Rhemish Testament</col>, <cd>the English version of the New Testament used by Roman Catholics. See <er>Douay Bible</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rhenish</h1>
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<hw>Rhen"ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Rhenus</ets> the Rhine. ]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the river Rhine; <as>as, <ex>Rhenish</ex> wine</as>.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>Rhine wine.</def></def2>

<h1>Rheochord</h1>
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<hw>Rhe"o*chord</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to flow + <?/<?/<?/ chord.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A metallic wire used for regulating the resistance of a circuit, or varying the strength of an electric current, by inserting a greater or less length of it in the circuit.</def>

<h1>Rheometer</h1>
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<hw>Rhe*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to flow + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>reometer</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring currents, especially the force or intensity of electrical currents; a galvanometer.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the velocity of the blood current in the arteries.</def>

<h1>Rheometric</h1>
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<hw>Rhe`o*met"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to a rheometer or rheometry.</def>

<i>Lardner.</i>

<h1>Rheometry</h1>
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<hw>Rhe*om"e*try</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The measurement of the force or intensity of currents.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The calculus; fluxions.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Rheomotor</h1>
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<hw>Rhe"o*mo`tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/<?/<?/ to flow + E. <ets>motor</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>Any apparatus by which an electrical current is originated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Rheophore</h1>
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<hw>Rhe"o*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to flow + <?/<?/<?/ to carry.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A connecting wire of an electric or voltaic apparatus, traversed by a current.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the poles of a voltaic battery; an electrode.</def>

<h1>Rheoscope</h1>
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<hw>Rhe"o*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to flow + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for detecting the presence or movement of currents, as of electricity.</def>

<h1>Rheostat</h1>
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<hw>Rhe"o*stat</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ + <?/<?/<?/ standing still.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A contrivance for adjusting or regulating the strength of electrical currents, operating usually by the intercalation of resistance which can be varied at will.</def> <i>Wheatstone</i>. --<wordforms><wf>Rhe`o*stat"ic</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Rheotome</h1>
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<hw>Rhe"o*tome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to flow + <?/<?/<?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>An instrument which periodically or otherwise interrupts an electric current.</def>

<i>Wheatstone.</i>

<h1>Rheotrope</h1>
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<hw>Rhe"o*trope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to flow + <?/<?/<?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>An instrument for reversing the direction of an electric current.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>reotrope</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Rhesus</h1>
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<hw>Rhe"sus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Rhesus</ets>, a proper name, Gr. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A monkey; the bhunder.</def>

<hr>
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Page 1237<p>

<h1>Rhetian</h1>
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<hw>Rhe"ti*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Rhaetius</ets>, <ets>Raetius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rh\'82tien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the ancient Rh\'91ti, or Rh\'91tians, or to Rh\'91tia, their country; <as>as, the <ex>Rhetian</ex> Alps, now the country of Tyrol and the Grisons</as>.</def>

<h1>Rhetic</h1>
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<hw>Rhe"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rh\'91tic</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhetizite</h1>
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<hw>Rhe"ti*zite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rh\'91tizite</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhetor</h1>
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<hw>Rhe"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <def>A rhetorician.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Hammond.</i>

<h1>Rhetoric</h1>
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<hw>Rhet"o*ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rh\'82torique</ets>, L. <ets>rhetorica</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ (sc. <?/<?/<?/), fr. <?/<?/<?/ rhetorical, oratorical, fr. <?/<?/<?/ orator, rhetorician; perhaps akin to E. <ets>word</ets>; cf. <?/<?/<?/ to say.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The art of composition; especially, elegant composition in prose.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Oratory; the art of speaking with propriety, elegance, and force.</def>

<i>Locke.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Hence, artificial eloquence; fine language or declamation without conviction or earnest feeling.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Fig. : The power of persuasion or attraction; that which allures or charms.</def>

<blockquote>Sweet, silent <b>rhetoric</b> of persuading eyes.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rhetorical</h1>
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<hw>Rhe*tor"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rhetoricus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/. See <er>Rhetoric</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to rhetoric; according to, or exhibiting, rhetoric; oratorical; <as>as, the <ex>rhetorical</ex> art; a <ex>rhetorical</ex> treatise; a <ex>rhetorical</ex> flourish.</as></def>

<blockquote>They permit him to leave their poetical taste ungratified, provided that he gratifies their <b>rhetorical</b> sense.
<i>M. Arnold.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rhe*tor"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Rhe*tor"ic*al*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Rhetoricate</h1>
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<hw>Rhe*tor"i*cate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rhetoricari</ets>. See <er>Rhetoric</er>.]</ety> <def>To play the orator.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>South.</i>

<h1>Rhetorication</h1>
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<hw>Rhe*tor`i*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rh\'82torication</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rhetorical amplification.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Waterland.</i>

<h1>Rhetorician</h1>
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<hw>Rhet`o*ri"cian</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rh\'82toricien</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One well versed in the rules and principles of rhetoric.</def>

<blockquote>The understanding is that by which a man becomes a mere logician and a mere <b>rhetorician</b>.
<i>F. W. Robertson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A teacher of rhetoric.</def>

<blockquote>The ancient sophists and <b>rhetoricians</b>, which ever had young auditors, lived till they were an hundred years old.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>An orator; specifically, an artificial orator without genuine eloquence; a declaimer.</def>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Rhetorician</h1>
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<hw>Rhet`o*ri"cian</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suitable to a master of rhetoric.</def> "With <i>rhetorician</i> pride."

<i>Blackmore.</i>

<h1>Rhetoriz</</h1>
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<hw>Rhet"o*riz<?/</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rhetorized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rhetorizing</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To play the orator.</def>

<i>Colgrave.</i>

<h1>Rhetorize</h1>
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<hw>Rhet"o*rize</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To represent by a figure of rhetoric, or by personification.</def>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Rheum</h1>
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<hw>Rhe"um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., from L. <ets>Rha</ets> the river Volga, on the banks of which it grows. See <er>Rhubarb</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants. See <er>Rhubarb</er>.</def>

<h1>Rheum</h1>
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<hw>Rheum</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>reume</ets>, <ets>rheume</ets>, F. <ets>rhume</ets> a cold,, L. <ets>rheuma</ets> rheum, from Gr. <?/<?/<?/, fr. <?/<?/<?/ to flow, akin to E. <ets>stream</ets>. See <er>Stream</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, and cf. <er>Hemorrhoids</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A serous or mucous discharge, especially one from the eves or nose.</def>

<blockquote>I have a <b>rheum</b> in mine eyes too.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Salt rheum</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Salt rheum</er>, in the Vocab.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rheumatic</h1>
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<hw>Rheu*mat"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ subject to a discharge or flux: cf. L. <ets>rheumaticus</ets>, F. <ets>rhumatique</ets>. See <er>Rheum</er>, <er>Rheumatism</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Derived from, or having the character of, rheum; rheumic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to rheumatism; <as>as, <ex>rheumatic</ex> pains or affections; affected with rheumatism; <as>as, a <ex>rheumatic</ex> old man</as></as>; causing rheumatism; <as>as, a <ex>rheumatic</ex> day</as>.</def>

<blockquote>That <b>rheumatic</b> diseases do abound.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rheumatic</h1>
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<hw>Rheu*mat"ic</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One affected with rheumatism.</def>

<h1>Rheumatism</h1>
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<hw>Rheu"ma*tism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rheumatismus</ets> rheum, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, fr.<?/<?/<?/ to have or suffer from a flux, fr. <?/<?/<?/ rheum: cf. F. <ets>rheumatisme</ets>. See <er>2d Rheum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A general disease characterized by painful, often multiple, local inflammations, usually affecting the joints and muscles, but also extending sometimes to the deeper organs, as the heart.</def>

<cs><col>Inflammatory rheumatism</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>acute rheumatism attended with fever, and attacking usually the larger joints, which become swollen, hot, and very painful.</cd> -- <col>Rheumatism root</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Twinleaf</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rheumatismal</h1>
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<hw>Rheu`ma*tis"mal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to rheumatism.</def>

<h1>Rheumatismoid</h1>
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<hw>Rheu`ma*tis"moid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rheumatism</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or resembling rheum or rheumatism.</def>

<h1>Rheumic</h1>
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<hw>Rheum"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, rheum.</def>

<cs><col>Rheumic diathesis</col>. <cd>See <cref>Dartrous diathesis</cref>, under <er>Dartrous</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rheumides</h1>
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<hw>Rheu"mi*des</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Rheum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The class of skin disease developed by the dartrous diathesis. See under <er>Dartrous</er>.</def>

<h1>Rheumy</h1>
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<hw>Rheum"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to rheum; abounding in, or causing, rheum; affected with rheum.</def>

<blockquote>His head and <b>rheumy</b> eyes distill in showers.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And tempt the <b>rheumy</b> and unpurged air
To add unto his sickness.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rhigolene</h1>
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<hw>Rhig"o*lene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ cold + L. <ets>oleum</ets> oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A mixture of volatile hydrocarbons intermediate between gsolene and cymogene. It is obtained in the purification of crude petroleum, and is used as a refregerant.</def>

<h1>Rhime</h1>
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<hw>Rhime</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Rhyme</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rhinal</h1>
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<hw>Rhi"nal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr<?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, the nose.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Og or pertaining to the nose or olfactory organs.</def>

<h1>Rhinaster</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*nas"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, nose + <?/<?/<?/ star.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The borele.</def>

<h1>Rhine</h1>
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<hw>Rhine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>ryne</ets>. See <er>Run</er>.]</ety> <def>A water course; a ditch.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rean</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Macaulay.</i>

<h1>Rhinencephalic</h1>
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<hw>Rhi`nen*ce*phal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the rhinencephalon.</def>

<h1>Rhinencephalon</h1>
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<hw>Rhi`nen*ceph"a*lon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rhinencephala</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, the nose + <?/<?/ the brain.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The division of the brain in front of the prosencephalon, consisting of the two olfactory lobes from which the olfactory nerves arise.</def>

<note>&hand; The term is sometimes used for one of the olfactory lobes, the plural being used for the two taken together.</note>

<h1>Rhinestone</h1>
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<hw>Rhine"stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>rheinkiesel</ets> Rhine quartz.]</ety> <def>A colorless stone of high luster, made of paste. It is much used as an inexpensive ornament.</def>

<h1>Rhinitis</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*ni"tis</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/. <?/<?/<?/, the nose + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Infllammation of the nose; esp., inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nostrils.</def>

<h1>Rhino</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>Gold and silver, or money.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<i>W. Wagstaffe.</i>

<blockquote>As long as the <b>rhino</b> lasted.
<i>Marryat.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rhino-</h1>
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<hw>Rhi"no-</hw>. <def>A combining form from Greek <?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, <i>the nose</i>, as in <i>rhino</i>lith, <i>rhino</i>logy.</def>

<h1>Rhinocerial, Rhinocerical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Rhi`no*ce"ri*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Rhi`no*cer"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the rhinoceros; resembling the rhinoceros, or his horn.</def>

<i>Tatler.</i>

<h1>Rhinoceros</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*noc"e*ros</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/; <?/<?/<?/. <?/<?/<?/, the nose + <?/<?/<?/ a horn: cf. F. <ets>rhinoc\'82ros</ets>. See <er>Horn</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any pachyderm belonging to the genera <spn>Rhinoceros</spn>, <spn>Atelodus</spn>, and several allied genera of the family <spn>Rhinocerotid\'91</spn>, of which several living, and many extinct, species are known. They are large and powerful, and usually have either one or two stout conical median horns on the snout.</def>

<note>&hand; The Indian, or white, and the Javan rhinoceroses (<spn>Rhinoceros Indicus</spn> and <spn>R. Sondaicus</spn>) have incisor and canine teeth, but only one horn, and the very thick skin forms shieldlike folds. The two or three African species belong to <spn>Atelodus</spn>, and have two horns, but lack the dermal folds, and the incisor and canine teeth. The two Malay, or East Indian, two-horned species belong to <spn>Ceratohinus</spn>, in which incisor and canine teeth are present. See <er>Borele</er>, and <er>Keitloa</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Rhinoceros auk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an auk of the North Pacific (<spn>Cerorhina monocrata</spn>) which has a deciduous horn on top of the bill.</cd> -- <col>Rhinoceros beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large beetle of the genus <spn>Dynastes</spn>, having a horn on the head.</cd> -- <col>Rhinoceros bird</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A large hornbill (<spn>Buceros rhinoceros</spn>), native of the East Indies. It has a large hollow hornlike process on the bill. Called also <altname>rhinoceros hornbill</altname></cd>. See <er>Hornbill</er>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An African beefeater (<spn>Buphaga Africana</spn>). It alights on the back of the rhinoceros in search of parasitic insects.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rhinocerote</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*noc"e*rote</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rhinoceros.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Rhinocerotic</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*noc`e*rot"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the rhinoceros.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Rhinolite Rhinolith</h1>
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<hw><hw>Rhi"no*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <hw>Rhi"no*lith</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rhino-</ets> + <ets>-lite</ets>, <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A concretion formed within the cavities of the nose.</def>

<h1>Rhinological</h1>
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<hw>Rhi`no*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to rhinology.</def>

<h1>Rhinologist</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*nol"o*gist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One skilled in rhinology.</def>

<h1>Rhinology</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*nol"o*gy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rhino-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of the nose, and its diseases.</def>

<h1>Rhinolophid</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*nol"o*phid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rhino-</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/ crest.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of the genus <spn>Rhinilophus</spn>, or family <spn>Rhinolophid\'91</spn>, having a horseshoe-shaped nasal crest; a horseshoe bat.</def>

<h1>Rhinolophine</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*nol"o*phine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the rhinolophids, or horseshoe bats.</def>

<h1>Rhinophore</h1>
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<hw>Rhi"no*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rhino-</ets> + Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the two tentacle-like organs on the back of the head or neck of a nudibranch or tectibranch mollusk. They are usually retractile, and often transversely furrowed or plicate, and are regarded as olfactory organs. Called also <altname>dorsal tentacles</altname>. See <i>Illust</i>.  under <er>Pygobranchia</er>, and <er>Opisthobranchia</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhinoplastic</h1>
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<hw>Rhi`no*plas"tic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rhino-</ets> + <ets>-plastic</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rhinoplastique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to rhinoplasty; <as>as, a <ex>rhinoplastic</ex> operation</as>.</def>

<h1>Rhinoplasty</h1>
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<hw>Rhi"no*plas`ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rhino-</ets> + <ets>-plasty</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rhinoplastie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Plastic surgery of the nose to correct deformity or to replace lost tissue. Tissue may be transplanted from the patient's cheek, forehead, arm, etc., or even from another person.</def>

<h1>Rhinopome</h1>
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<hw>Rhi"no*pome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rhino-</ets> + Gr. <grk>pw^ma</grk> a lid. ]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any old-world bat of the genus <spn>Rhinopoma</spn>. The rhinopomes have a long tail extending beyond the web, and inhabit caves and tombs.</def>

<h1>Rhinoscleroma</h1>
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<hw>Rhi`no*scle*ro"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rhino-</ets> + <ets>scleroma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A rare disease of the skin, characterized by the development of very hard, more or less flattened, prominences, appearing first upon the nose and subsequently upon the neighboring parts, esp. the lips, palate, and throat.</def>

<i>J. V. Shoemaker.</i>

<h1>Rhinoscope</h1>
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<hw>Rhi"no*scope</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rhino-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small mirror for use in rhinoscopy.</def>

<h1>Rhinoscopic</h1>
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<hw>Rhi`no*scop"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to rhinoscopy.</def>

<h1>Rhinoscopy</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*nos"co*py</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rhino-</ets> + <ets>-scopy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The examination or study of the soft palate, posterior nares, etc., by means of a laryngoscopic mirror introduced into the pharynx.</def>

<h1>Rhinotheca</h1>
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<hw>Rhi`no*the"ca</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rhinothec\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL., from gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, the nose + <?/<?/<?/ case.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sheath of the upper mandible of a bird.</def>

<h1>Rhipidoglossa</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*pi`do*glos"sa</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a fan + <?/<?/<?/<?/ a tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of gastropod mollusks having a large number of long, divergent, hooklike, lingual teeth in each transverse row. It includes the scutibranchs. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Rhipipter</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*pip"ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a fan + <?/<?/<?/ wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the <spn>Rhipiptera</spn>, a group of insects having wings which fold like a fan; a strepsipter.</def>

<h1>Rhipipteran</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*pip"ter*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rhipipter</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhizanthous</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*zan"thous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ root + <?/<?/<?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing flowers from a rootstock, or apparently from a root.</def>

<h1>Rhizine</h1>
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<hw>Rhi"zine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ root.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A rootlike filament or hair growing from the stems of mosses or on lichens; a rhizoid.</def>

<h1>Rhizocarpous</h1>
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<hw>Rhi`zo*car"pous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ root + <?/<?/<?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having perennial rootstocks or bulbs, but annual flowering stems; -- said of all perennial herbs.</def>

<h1>Rhizocephala</h1>
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<hw>Rhi`zo*ceph"a*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ root + <?/<?/<?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Pectostraca including saclike parasites of Crustacea. They adhere by rootlike extensions of the head. See <i>Illusration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Rhizodont</h1>
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<hw>Rhiz"o*dont</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ root + <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A reptile whose teeth are rooted in sockets, as the crocodile.</def>

<h1>Rhizogan</h1>
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<hw>Rhiz"o*gan</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ root + <ets>-gen</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rhizog\'8ane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Prodicing roots.</def>

<h1>Rhizogen</h1>
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<hw>Rhiz"o*gen</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of a proposed class of flowering plants growning on the roots of other plants and destitute of green foliage.</def>

<h1>Rhizoid</h1>
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<hw>Rhi"zoid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ root + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A rootlike appendage.</def>

<h1>Rhizoma</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*zo"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rhizomata</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>SAme as <er>Rhizome</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhizomatous</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*zo"ma*tous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the nature or habit of a rhizome or rootstock.</def>

<h1>Rhizome</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*zome"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ the mass of roots (of a tree), a stem, race, fr. <?/<?/<?/ to make to root, pass., to take root, fr. <?/<?/<?/ a root: cf. F. <ets>rhizome</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A rootstock. See <er>Rootstock</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhizophaga</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*zoph"a*ga</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of marsupials. The wombat is the type.</def>

<h1>Rhizophagous</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*zoph"a*gous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/; <?/<?/<?/ a root + <?/<?/<?/ to eat.]</ety> <def>Feeding on roots; root-eating.</def>

<h1>Rhizophora</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*zoph"o*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. See <er>Rhizophorous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees including the mangrove. See <er>Mangrove</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhizophorous</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*zoph"o*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a root + <?/<?/<?/<?/ to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing roots.</def>

<h1>Rhizopod</h1>
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<hw>Rhiz"o*pod</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Rhizopoda.</def>

<note>&hand; The rhizopods belonging to the Radiolaria and Foraminifera have been of great geological importance, especially in the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods. Chalk is mostly made from the shells of Foraminifera. The nummulites are the principal ingredient of a limestone which is of great extent in Europe and Asia, and is the material of which some of the pyramids of Egypt are made. The shells are abundant in deepsea mud, and are mostly minute, seldom larger than a small grain of sand, except in the case of the nummulities, which are sometimes an inch in diameter.</note>

<h1>Rhizopoda</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*zop"o*da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a root + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive class of Protozoa, including those which have pseudopodia, by means of which they move about and take their food. The principal groups are Lobosa (or Am&oe;bea), Helizoa, Radiolaria, and Foraminifera (or Reticularia). See <er>Protozoa</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhizopodous</h1>
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<hw>Rhi*zop"o*dous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the rhizopods.</def>

<h1>Rhizostomata</h1>
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<hw>Rhi`zo*stom"a*ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a root + <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/<?/, a mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of Medus\'91 which includes very large species without marginal tentacles, but having large mouth lobes closely united at the edges. See <i>Illust</i>. in Appendix.</def>

<h1>Rhizostome</h1>
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<hw>Rhiz"o*stome</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Rhizostomata.</def>

<hr>
<page="1238">
Page 1238<p>

<h1>Rhizotaxis</h1>
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<hw>Rhi`zo*tax"is</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a root + <?/<?/<?/ arrangement.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The arrangement of the roots of plants.</def>

<h1>Rhob</h1>
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<hw>Rhob</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See 1st Rob.</def>

<h1>Rhodammonium</h1>
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<hw>Rho`dam*mo"ni*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, rhodium and ammonia; -- said of certain complex compounds.</def>

<h1>Rhodanate</h1>
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<hw>Rho"da*nate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of rhodanic acid; a sulphocyanate.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<h1>Rhodanic</h1>
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<hw>Rho*dan"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ the rose.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (commonly called <i>sulphocyanic acid</i>) which frms a red color with ferric salts.</def> <mark>[Obsoles.]</mark>

<h1>Rhodeoretin</h1>
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<hw>Rho`de*o*re"tin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ the rose + <?/<?/<?/ resin.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Convolvuln</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhodian</h1>
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<hw>Rho"di*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Rhodius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rhodien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Rhodes, an island of the Mediterranean.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Rhodes.</def></def2>

<h1>Rhodic</h1>
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<hw>Rho"dic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to rhodium; containing rhodium.</def>

<h1>Rhodium</h1>
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<hw>Rho"di*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ro`don</grk> the rose. So called from the rose-red color of certain of its solutions. See <er>Rhododendron</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare element of the light platinum group. It is found in platinum ores, and obtained free as a white inert metal which it is very difficult to fuse. Symbol Rh. Atomic weight 104.1.  Specific gravity 12.</def>

<h1>Rhodizonic</h1>
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<hw>Rho`di*zon"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to be rose-red.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a colorless crystalline substance (called <i>rhodizonic acid</i>, and <i>carboxylic acid</i>) obtained from potassium carboxide and from certain quinones. It forms brilliant red, yellow, and purple salts.</def>

<h1>Rhodochrosite</h1>
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<hw>Rho`do*chro"site</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"ro`don</grk> the rose + <?/<?/<?/ a coloring.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Manganese carbonate, a rose-red mineral sometimes occuring crystallized, but generally massive with rhombohedral cleavage like calcite; -- called also <altname>dialogite</altname>.</def>

<h1>Rhodocrinite</h1>
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<hw>Rho*doc"ri*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"ro`don</grk> rose + <?/<?/<?/ lily.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A rose encrinite.</def>

<h1>Rhododendron</h1>
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<hw>Rho`do*den"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <grk>"rodo`dendron</grk>, literally, rose tree; <grk>"ro`don</grk> rose + <grk>de`ndron</grk> tree. See <er>Rose</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of shrubs or small trees, often having handsome evergreen leaves, and remarkable for the beauty of their flowers; rosebay.</def>

<h1>Rhodomontade</h1>
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<hw>Rhod`o*mon*tade"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Rodomontade</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhodomontader</h1>
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<hw>Rhod`o*mon*tad"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Rodomontador</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhodonite</h1>
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<hw>Rho"don*ite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"ro`don</grk> the rose. ]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Manganese spar, or silicate of manganese, a mineral occuring crystallised and in rose-red masses. It is often used as an ornamental stone.</def>

<h1>Rhodophane</h1>
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<hw>Rho"do*phane</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"ro`don</grk> the rose + <?/<?/<?/ to show.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The red pigment contained in the inner segments of the cones of the retina in animals. See <er>Chromophane</er>.</def>

<i>W. K\'9ahne.</i>

<h1>Rhodopsin</h1>
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<hw>Rho*dop"sin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"ro`don</grk> rose + <grk>"w`ps</grk> eye.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The visual purple. See under <er>Visual</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhodosperm</h1>
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<hw>Rho"do*sperm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"ro`don</grk> the rose + <grk>spe`rma</grk> a seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any seaweed with red spores.</def>

<note>&hand; As the name of a subclass, <i>Rhodosperms</i>, or <spn>Rhodosperme\'91</spn>, is synonymous with <spn>Floride\'91</spn> (which see.)</note>

<h1>Rhomb</h1>
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<hw>Rhomb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rhombus</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/ rhomb, a spinning top, magic wheel, fr. <?/<?/<?/ to turn or whirl round, perhaps akin to E. <ets>wrench</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rhombe</ets>. Cf. <er>Rhombus</er>, <er>Rhumb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>An equilateral parallelogram, or quadrilateral figure whose sides are equal and the opposite sides parallel. The angles may be unequal, two being obtuse and two acute, as in the cut, or the angles may be equal, in which case it is usually called a <i>square</i>.</def>
<-- Illustr. of Rhomb. -->

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A rhombohedron.</def>

<cs><col>Fresnel's rhomb</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>a rhomb or oblique parallelopiped of crown or St. Gobain glass so cut that a ray of light entering one of its faces at right angles shall emerge at right angles at the opposite face, after undergoing within the rhomb, at other faces, two reflections. It is used to produce a ray circularly polarized from a plane-polarized ray, or the reverse.</cd></cs>

<i>Nichol.</i>

<h1>Rhombic</h1>
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<hw>Rhom"bic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Shaped like a rhomb.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Orthorhombic</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhomboganoid</h1>
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<hw>Rhom`bo*ga"noid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rhomb</ets> + <ets>ganoid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A ganoid fish having rhombic enameled scales; one of the Rhomboganoidei.</def>

<h1>Rhomboganoidei</h1>
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<hw>Rhom`bo*ga*noi"de*i</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.pl.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Ginglymodi</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhombogene</h1>
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<hw>Rhom"bo*gene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rhomb</ets> + root of Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to be born.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dicyemid which produces infusorialike embryos; -- opposed to <i>nematogene</i>. See <er>Dicyemata</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rhombogen</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Rhombohedral</h1>
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<hw>Rhom`bo*he"dral</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geom. & Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Related to the rhombohedron; presenting the form of a rhombohedron, or a form derivable from a rhombohedron; relating to a system of forms including the rhombohedron and scalenohedron.</def>

<cs><col>Rhombohedral iron ore</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Hematite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rhombohedral system</col> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld>, <cd>a division of the hexagonal system embracing the rhombohedron, scalenohedron, etc.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rhombohedric</h1>
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<hw>Rhom`bo*hed"ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Geom. & Crystallog.)</fld> <def>Rhombohedral.</def>

<h1>Rhombohedron</h1>
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<hw>Rhom`bo*he"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ rhomb + <?/<?/<?/ seat, base.]</ety> <fld>(Geom. & Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A solid contained by six rhomboids; a parallelopiped.</def>

<h1>Rhomboid</h1>
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<hw>Rhom"boid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ rhomboidal; <?/<?/<?/ rhomb + <?/<?/<?/ shape: cf. F. <ets>rhombo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld><def>An oblique-angled parallelogram like a rhomb, but having only the opposite sides equal, the length and with being different.</def>

<h1>Rhomboid </</h1>
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<hw>Rhom"boid <?/</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Rhomboidal</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhomboidal</h1>
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<hw>Rhom*boid"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rhombo\'8bdal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having, or approaching, the shape of a rhomboid.</def>

<h1>Rhomboides</h1>
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<hw>Rhom*boid"es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rhomboid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Rhomboid-ovate</h1>
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<hw>Rhom`boid-o"vate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Between rhomboid and ovate, or oval, in shape.</def>

<h1>Rhomb spar</h1>
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<hw>Rhomb" spar`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of dolomite.</def>

<h1>Rhombus</h1>
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<hw>Rhom"bus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Rhomb</er>, 1.</def>

<h1>Rhonchal</h1>
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<hw>Rhon`chal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Rhonchial.</def>

<h1>Rhonchial</h1>
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<hw>Rhon"chi*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to a rhonchus; produced by rhonchi.</def>

<cs><col>Rhonchial fremitus</col>. <ety>[L. <ets>fremitus<ets> a dull roaring or murmuring.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <cd>A vibration of the chest wall that may be felt by the hand laid upon its surface. It is caused in the production of rhonchi in the bronchial tubes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rhonchisonant</h1>
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<hw>Rhon*chis"o*nant</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rhonchus</ets> a snoring + <ets>sonans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>sonare</ets> to sound.]</ety> <def>Making a snorting noise; snorting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Rhonchus</h1>
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<hw>Rhon"chus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rhonchi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., a snoring, a croaking.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An adventitious whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partially obstructed. By some writers the term <i>rhonchus</i> is used as equivalent to <i>r\'83le</i> in its widest sense. See <er>R\'83le</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhopalic</h1>
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<hw>Rho*pal"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ club-shaped; fr. <?/<?/<?/ a club: cf. F. <ets>rhopalique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Applied to a line or verse in which each successive word has one more syllable than the preceding.</def>

<h1>Rhopalium</h1>
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<hw>Rho*pa"li*um</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rhopalia</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the marginal sensory bodies of medus\'91 belonging to the Discophora.</def>

<h1>Rhopalocera</h1>
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<hw>Rhop`a*loc"e*ra</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a club + <?/<?/<?/ ahorn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Lepidoptera including all the butterflies. They differ from other Lepidoptera in having club-shaped antenn\'91.</def>

<h1>Rhotacism</h1>
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<hw>Rho"ta*cism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <grk>"rwtaki`zein</grk> to use the letter <ets>r</ets> (&rho;) overmuch: cf. F. <ets>rhotacisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>An oversounding, or a misuse, of the letter <i>r</i>; specifically <fld>(Phylol.)</fld>, the tendency, exhibited in the Indo-European languages, to change <i>s</i> to <i>r</i>, as <i>wese</i> to <i>were</i>.</def>

<h1>Rhubarb</h1>
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<hw>Rhu"barb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rhubarbe</ets>, OF. <ets>rubarbe</ets>, <ets>rheubarbe</ets>, <ets>reubarbare</ets>, <ets>reobarbe</ets>, LL. <ets>rheubarbarum</ets> for <ets>rheum barbarum</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/ (and <?/<?/) rhubarb, from the river <ets>Rha</ets> (the Volga) on whose banks it grew. Originally, therefore, it was the barbarian plant from the Rha. Cf. <er>Barbarous</er>, <er>Rhaponticine</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of several large perennial herbs of the genus <spn>Rheum</spn> and order <spn>Polygonace\'91</spn>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The large and fleshy leafstalks of <spn>Rheum Rhaponticum</spn> and other species of the same genus. They are pleasantly acid, and are used in cookery. Called also <altname>pieplant</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The root of several species of <spn>Rheum</spn>, used much as a cathartic medicine.</def>

<cs><col>Monk's rhubarb</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Monk</er>.</cd> -- <col>Turkey rhubarb</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>the roots of <spn>Rheum Emodi</spn>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rhubarby</h1>
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<hw>Rhu"barb*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like rhubarb.</def>

<h1>Rhumb</h1>
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<hw>Rhumb</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rumb</ets>, Sp. <ets>rumbo</ets>, or Pg. <ets>rumbo</ets>, <ets>rumo</ets>, probably fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a magic wheel, a whirling motion, hence applied to a point of the compass. See <er>Rhomb</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Navigation)</fld> <def>A line which crosses successive meridians at a constant angle; -- called also <altname>rhumb line</altname>, and <altname>loxodromic curve</altname>. See <er>Loxodromic</er>.</def>

<cs><col>To sail on a rhumb</col>, <cd>to sail continuously on one course, following a rhumb line.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rhus</h1>
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<hw>Rhus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., sumac, fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of shrubs and small treets. See <er>Sumac</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhusma</h1>
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<hw>Rhus"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Rusma</er>.]</ety> <def>A mixtire of caustic lime and orpiment, or tersulphide of arsenic, -- used in the depilation of hides.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Rhyme</h1>
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<hw>Rhyme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ryme</ets>, <ets>rime</ets>, AS. <ets>r\'c6m</ets> number; akin to OHG. <ets>r\'c6m</ets> number, succession, series, G. <ets>reim</ets> rhyme. The modern sense is due to the influence of F. <ets>rime</ets>, which is of German origin, and originally the same word.]</ety> <altsp>[The Old English spelling <asp>rime</asp> is becoming again common. See Note under <er>Prime</er>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An expression of thought in numbers, measure, or verse; a composition in verse; a rhymed tale; poetry; harmony of language.</def> "Railing <i>rhymes</i>."

<i>Daniel.</i>

<blockquote>A <b>ryme</b> I learned long ago.
<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>He knew
Himself to sing, and build the lofty <b>rime</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Correspondence of sound in the terminating words or syllables of two or more verses, one succeeding another immediately or at no great distance. The words or syllables so used must not begin with the same consonant, or if one begins with a vowel the other must begin with a consonant. The vowel sounds and accents must be the same, as also the sounds of the final consonants if there be any.</def>

<blockquote>For <b>rhyme</b> with reason may dispense,
And sound has right to govern sense.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Verses, usually two, having this correspondence with each other; a couplet; a poem containing rhymes.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A word answering in sound to another word.</def>

<cs><col>Female rhyme</col>. <cd>See under <er>Female</er>.</cd> -- <col>Male rhyme</col>. <cd>See under <er>Male</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rhyme or reason</col>, <cd>sound or sense.</cd> -- <col>Rhyme royal</col> <fld>(Pros.)</fld>, <cd>a stanza of seven decasyllabic verses, of which the first and third, the second, fourth, and fifth, and the sixth and seventh rhyme.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rhyme</h1>
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<hw>Rhyme</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rhymed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rhyming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>rimen</ets>, <ets>rymen</ets>, AS. <ets>r\'c6man</ets> to count: cf. F. <ets>rimer</ets> to rhyme. See <er>Rhyme</er>, <tt>n.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make rhymes, or verses.</def> "Thou shalt no longer <i>ryme</i>."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>There marched the bard and blockhead, side by side,
Who <b>rhymed</b> for hire, and patronized for pride.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To accord in rhyme or sound.</def>

<blockquote>And, if they <b>rhymed</b> and rattled, all was well.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rhyme</h1>
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<hw>Rhyme</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To put into rhyme.</def>

<i>Sir T. Wilson.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To influence by rhyme.</def>

<blockquote>Hearken to a verser, who may chance
<b>Rhyme</b> thee to good.
<i>Herbert.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rhymeless</h1>
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<hw>Rhyme"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of rhyme.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Rhymer</h1>
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<hw>Rhym"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who makes rhymes; a versifier; -- generally in contempt; a poor poet; a poetaster.</def>

<blockquote>This would make them soon perceive what despicaple creatures our common <b>rhymers</b> and playwriters be.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rhymery</h1>
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<hw>Rhym"er*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The art or habit of making rhymes; rhyming; -- in contempt.</def>

<h1>Rhymester</h1>
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<hw>Rhyme"ster</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rhymer; a maker of poor poetry.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall. Byron.</i>

<h1>Rhymic</h1>
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<hw>Rhym"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to rhyme.</def>

<h1>Rhymist</h1>
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<hw>Rhym"ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rhymer; a rhymester.</def>

<i>Johnston.</i>

<h1>Rhynchobdellea</h1>
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<hw>Rhyn`chob*del"le*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ snout _ <?/<?/<?/ a leech.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A suborder of leeches including those that have a protractile proboscis, without jaws. Clepsine is the type.</def>

<h1>Rhynchocephala</h1>
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<hw>Rhyn`cho*ceph"a*la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ snout + <?/<?/<?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of reptiles having biconcave vertebr\'91, immovable quadrate bones, and many other peculiar osteological characters. Hatteria is the only living genus, but numerous fossil genera are known, some of which are among the earliest of reptiles. See <er>Hatteria</er>. Called also <altname>Rhynchocephalia</altname>.</def>

<h1>Rhynchoc\'d2la</h1>
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<hw>Rhyn`cho*c\'d2"la</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ snout + <?/<?/<?/ hollow.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Nemertina</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Rhyn`cho*c\'d2"lous</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Rhyncholite </</h1>
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<hw>Rhyn"cho*lite <?/</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ snout, beak + <ets>-lie</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rhyncholithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil cephalopod beak.</def>

<h1>Rhynchonella </</h1>
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<hw>Rhyn`cho*nel"la <?/</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ snout.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of brachiopods of which some species are still living, while many are found fossil.</def>

<h1>Rhynchophora </</h1>
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<hw>Rhyn*choph"o*ra <?/</hw>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ snout + <?/<?/<?/ to carry.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Coleoptera having a snoutlike head; the snout beetles, curculios, or weevils.</def>

<h1>Rhynchophore</h1>
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<hw>Rhyn"cho*phore</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Rhynchophora.</def>

<h1>Rhynchota</h1>
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<hw>Rhyn*cho"ta</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ry`gchos</grk> snout.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Hemiptera</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Rhyncota</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Rhyolite</h1>
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<hw>Rhy"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to flow + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A quartzose trachyte, an igneous rock often showing a fluidal structure.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Rhy`o*lit"ic</wf>, <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>a.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Rhyparography</h1>
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<hw>Rhy`pa*rog"ra*phy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ painting foul or mean objects; <grk>"ryparo`s</grk> filthy, dirty + <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write, paint.]</ety> <def>In ancient art, the painting of genre or still-life pictures.</def>

<h1>Rhysimeter</h1>
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<hw>Rhy*sim"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/ flow + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument, acting on the principle of Pitot's tube, for measuring the velocity of a fluid current, the speed of a ship, etc.</def>

<h1>Rhythm</h1>
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<hw>Rhythm</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rhythme</ets>, <ets>rythme</ets>, L.  <ets>rhythmus</ets>, fr. GR. <?/<?/<?/ measured motion, measure, proportion, fr. <?/<?/<?/ to flow. See <er>Stream</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In the widest sense, a dividing into short portions by a regular succession of motions, impulses, sounds, accents, etc., producing an agreeable effect, as in music poetry, the dance, or the like.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Movement in musical time, with periodical recurrence of accent; the measured beat or pulse which marks the character and expression of the music; symmetry of movement and accent.</def>

<i>Moore (Encyc. )</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A division of lines into short portions by a regular succession of <i>arses</i> and <i>theses</i>, or percussions and remissions of voice on words or syllables.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The harmonious flow of vocal sounds.</def>

<hr>
<page="1239">
Page 1239<p>

<h1>Rhythmer</h1>
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<hw>Rhyth"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who writes in rhythm, esp. in poetic rhythm or meter.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<blockquote>One now scarce counted a <b>rhythmer</b>, formerly admitted for a poet.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rhythmic, Rhythmical</h1>
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<hw><hw>Rhyth"mic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Rhyth"mic*al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/: cf. L. <ets>rhythmicus</ets>, F. <ets>rhythmique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, rhythm</def>

<blockquote>DAy and night
I worked my <b>rhythmic</b> thought.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Rhythmical accent</col>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Accent</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 6 <sd>(c)</sd>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rhythmically</h1>
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<hw>Rhyth"mic*al*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a rhythmical manner.</def>

<h1>Rhythmics</h1>
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<hw>Rhyth"mics</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The department of musical science which treats of the length of sounds.</def>

<h1>Rhythming</h1>
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<hw>Rhyth"ming</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Writing rhythm; verse making.</def> "The <i>rhythming</i> monk."

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Rhythmless</h1>
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<hw>Rhythm"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being without rhythm.</def>

<i>Coleridge.</i>

<h1>Rhythmometer</h1>
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<hw>Rhyth*mom"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rhythm</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for marking time in musical movements. See <er>Metronome</er>.</def>

<h1>Rhythmus</h1>
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<hw>Rhyth"mus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Rhythm.</def>

<h1>Rhytina</h1>
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<hw>Rhyt"i*na</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Rytina</er>.</def>

<h1>Rial</h1>
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<hw>Ri"al</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A Spanish coin. See <er>Real</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rial</h1>
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<hw>Ri*al"</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Royal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Rial</h1>
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<hw>Ri"al</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Royal</er>.]</ety> <def>A gold coin formerly current in England, of the value of ten shillings sterling in the reign of Henry VI., and of fifteen shillings in the reign of Elizabeth.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>ryal</asp>.]</altsp>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<h1>Riant</h1>
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<hw>Ri`ant"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>riant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>rire</ets> to laugh, L. <ets>ridere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Laughing; laughable; exciting gayety; gay; merry; delightful to the view, as a landscape.</def>

<blockquote>In such cases the sublimity must be drawn from the other sources, with a strict caution, howewer, against anything light and <b>riant</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rib</h1>
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<hw>Rib</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>rib</ets>, <ets>ribb</ets>; akin to D. <ets>rib</ets>, G. <ets>rippe</ets>, OHG. <ets>rippa</ets>, <ets>rippi</ets>, Dan. <ets>ribbe</ets>, Icel. <ets>rif</ets>, Russ. <ets>rebro</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the curved bones attached to the vertebral column and supporting the lateral walls of the thorax.</def>

<note>&hand; In man there are twelve ribs on each side, of which the upper seven are directly connected with the sternum by cartilages, and are called <i>sternal</i>, or <i>true</i>, <i>ribs</i>. The remaining five pairs are called <i>asternal</i>, or <i>false</i>, <i>ribs</i>, and of these each of the three upper pairs is attached to the cartilage of the rib above, while the two lower pairs are free at the ventral ends, and are called <i>floating ribs</i>. See <er>Thorax</er>.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which resembles a rib in form or use.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>One of the timbers, or bars of iron or steel, that branch outward and upward from the keel, to support the skin or planking, and give shape and strength to the vessel</def>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mach. & Structures)</fld> <def>A ridge, fin, or wing, as on a plate, cylinder, beam, etc., to strengthen or stiffen it.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>One of the rods on which the cover of an umbrella is extended</def>. <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A prominent line or ridge, as in cloth</def>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A longitudinal strip of metal uniting the barrels of a double-barreled gun.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The chief nerve, or one of the chief nerves, of a leaf.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any longitudinal ridge in a plant.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In Gothic vaulting, one of the primary members of the vault. These are strong arches, meeting and crossing one another, dividing the whole space into triangles, which are then filled by vaulted construction of lighter material. Hence, an imitation of one of these in wood, plaster, or the like.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A projecting mold, or group of moldings, forming with others a pattern, as on a ceiling, ornamental door, or the like.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Solid coal on the side of a gallery; solid ore in a vein.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An elongated pillar of ore or coal left as a support.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>A wife; -- in allusion to Eve, as made out of Adam's rib.</def> <mark>[Familiar & Sportive]</mark>

<blockquote>How many have we known whose heads have been broken with their own <b>rib</b>.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Chuck rib</col>, <cd>a cut of beef immediately in front of the middle rib. See <er>Chuck</er>.</cd> -- <col>Fore ribs</col>, <cd>a cut of beef immediately in front of the sirloin.</cd> -- <col>Middle rib</col>, <cd>a cut of beef between the chuck rib and the fore ribs.</cd> -- <col>Rib grass</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Ribwort</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rib</h1>
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<hw>Rib</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ribbed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ribbing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish with ribs; to form with rising lines and channels; <as>as, to <ex>rib</ex> cloth</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To inclose, as with ribs, and protect; to shut in.</def>

<-- 3. To kid; to poke fun at. -->

<blockquote>It [lead] were too gross
To <b>rib</b> her cerecloth in the obscure grave.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To rib land</col>, <cd>to leave strips of undisturbed ground between the furrows in plowing.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ribald</h1>
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<hw>Rib"ald</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n./</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ribald</ets>, <ets>ribaud</ets>, F. <ets>ribaud</ets>, OF. <ets>ribald</ets>, <ets>ribault</ets>, LL. <ets>ribaldus</ets>, of German origin; cf. OHG <ets>hr\'c6pa</ets> prostitute. For the ending <ets>-ald</ets> cf. E. <er>Herald</er>.]</ety> <def>A low, vulgar, brutal, foul-mouthed wretch; a lewd fellow.</def>

<i>Spenser. Pope.</i>

<blockquote><b>Ribald</b> was almost a class name in the feudal system . . . He was his patron's parasite, bulldog, and tool . . . It is not to be wondered at that the word rapidly became a synonym for everything ruffianly and brutal.
<i>Earle.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ribald</h1>
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<hw>Rib"ald</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Low; base; mean; filthy; obscene.</def>

<blockquote>The busy day,
Waked by the lark, hath roused the <b>ribald</b> crows.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ribaldish</h1>
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<hw>Rib"ald*ish</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a ribald.</def>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Ribaldrous</h1>
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<hw>Rib"ald*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of a ribald quality.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ribaldry</h1>
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<hw>Rib"ald*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ribaldrie</ets>, <ets>ribaudrie</ets>, OF. <ets>ribalderie</ets>, <ets>ribauderie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The talk of a ribald; low, vulgar language; indecency; obscenity; lewdness; -- now chiefly applied to indecent language, but formerly, as by Chaucer, also to indecent acts or conduct.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>ribaldry</b> of his conversation moved <?/stonishment even in that age.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Riban</h1>
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<hw>Rib"an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ribbon</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<h1>Riband</h1>
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<hw>Rib"and</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ribbon</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Riband jasper</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of jasper having stripes of different colors, as red and green.</cd></cs>

<h1>Riband</h1>
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<hw>Rib"and</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Rib-band</er>.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<h1>Ribanded</h1>
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<hw>Rib"and*ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ribboned.</def>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Ribaud</h1>
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<hw>Rib"aud</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A ribald.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>P. Plowman.</i>

<h1>Ribaudequin</h1>
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<hw>Ri*bau"de*quin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An engine of war used in the Middle Ages, consisting of a protected elevated staging on wheels, and armed in front with pikes. It was (after the 14th century) furnished with small cannon.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A huge bow fixed on the wall of a fortified town for casting javelins.</def>

<h1>Ribaudred, Ribaudrous</h1>
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<hw><hw>Rib"aud*red</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Rib"aud*rous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Filthy; obscene; ribald.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ribaudry</h1>
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<hw>Rib"aud*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ribaldry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Ribaudy</h1>
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<hw>Rib"aud*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ribaldry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Ribauld</h1>
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<hw>Rib"auld</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A ribald.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Ribband</h1>
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<hw>Rib"band</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>A ribbon.</def>

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Ribband</h1>
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<hw>Rib"*band`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Rib</ets> + <ets>band</ets>.]</ety> <ety>[Written also <ets>riband</ets>, and <ets>ribbon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A long, narrow strip of timber bent and bolted longitudinally to the ribs of a vessel, to hold them in position, and give rigidity to the framework.</def>

<cs><col>Rib-band lines</col>, <cd>oblique longitudinal sectionss of the hull of a vessel.</cd></cs>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Ribbed</h1>
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<hw>Ribbed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Furnished or formed with ribs; <as>as, a <ex>ribbed</ex> cylinder; <ex>ribbed</ex> cloth</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Intercalated with slate; -- said of a seam of coal.</def>

<i>Raymond.</i>

<h1>Ribbing</h1>
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<hw>Rib"bing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>An assemblage or arrangement of ribs, as the timberwork for the support of an arch or coved ceiling, the veins in the leaves of some plants, ridges in the fabric of cloth, or the like.</def>

<h1>Ribbon</h1>
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<hw>Rib"bon</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>riban</ets>, OF. <ets>riban</ets>, F. <ets>ruban</ets>, probably of German origin; cf. D. <ets>ringband</ets> collar, necklace, E. <ets>ring</ets> circle, and <ets>band</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>riband</asp>, <asp>ribband</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fillet or narrow woven fabric, commonly of silk, used for trimming some part of a woman's attire, for badges, and other decorative purposes.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A narrow strip or shred; <as>as, a steel or magnesium <ex>ribbon</ex>; sails torn to <ex>ribbons</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Rib-band</er>.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Driving reins.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>

<i>London Athen\'91um.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing similar to the bend, but only one eighth as wide.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Spinning)</fld> <def>A silver.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>The blue ribbon</i>, and <i>The red ribbon</i>, are phrases often used to designate the British orders of the Garter and of the Bath, respectively, the badges of which are suspended by ribbons of these colors. See <cref>Blue ribbon</cref>, under <er>Blue</er>.</note>

<cs><col>Ribbon fish</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Any elongated, compressed, ribbon-shaped marine fish of the family <spn>Trachypterid\'91</spn>, especially the species of the genus <spn>Trachypterus</spn>, and the oarfish (<spn>Regelecus Banksii</spn>) of the North Atlantic, which is sometimes over twenty feet long</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The hairtail, or bladefish</cd>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>A small compressed marine fish of the genus <spn>Cepola</spn>, having a long, slender, tapering tail. The European species (<spn>C. rubescens</spn>) is light red throughout. Called also <altname>band fish</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Ribbon grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of reed canary grass having the leaves stripped with green and white; -- called also <altname>Lady's garters</altname>. See <cref>Reed grass</cref>, under <er>Reed</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ribbon seal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a North Pacific seal (<spn>Histriophoca fasciata</spn>). The adult male is dark brown, conspicuously banded and striped with yellowish white.</cd> -- <col>Ribbon snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a common North American snake (<spn>Eutainia saurita</spn>). It is conspicuously striped with bright yellow and dark brown.</cd> -- <col>Ribbon Society</col>, <cd>a society in Ireland, founded in the early part of the 19th century in antagonism to the Orangemen. It afterwards became an organization of tennant farmers banded together to prevent eviction by landlords. It took its name from the green ribbon worn by members as a badge.</cd> -- <col>Ribborn worm</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A tapeworm</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A nemertean.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ribbon</h1>
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<hw>Rib"bon</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ribboned</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ribboning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To adorn with, or as with, ribbons; to mark with stripes resembling ribbons.</def>

<h1>Ribbonism</h1>
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<hw>Rib"bon*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles and practices of the Ribbonmen.  See <cref>Ribbon Society</cref>, under <er>Ribbon</er>.</def>

<h1>Ribbonman</h1>
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<hw>Rib"bon*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>-men</plw>.</plu> <def>A member of the Ribbon Society. See <cref>Ribbon Society</cref>, under <er>Ribbon</er>.</def>

<h1>Ribbonwood</h1>
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<hw>Rib"bon*wood`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A malvaceous tree (<spn>Hoheria populnea</spn>) of New Zealand, the bark of which is used for cordage.</def>

<h1>Ribes</h1>
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<hw>Ri"bes</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[NL.; cf. Dan. <ets>ribs</ets>, and Ar. <ets>r\'c6b\'bes</ets> a plant with an acid juice.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of shrubs including gooseberries and currants of many kinds.</def>

<h1>Ribibe</h1>
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<hw>Rib"ibe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Rebec</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sort of stringed instrument; a rebec.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Nares.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An old woman; -- in contempt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A bawd; a prostitute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>B. Jonson.</i>

<h1>Ribible</h1>
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<hw>Rib"i*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ribibe</er>.]</ety> <def>A small threestringed viol; a rebec.</def>

<i>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</i>

<blockquote>All can be play on gittern or <b>ribible</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ribless</h1>
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<hw>Rib"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no ribs.</def>

<h1>Ribroast</h1>
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<hw>Rib"roast`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To beat soundly.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

<h1>Ribwort</h1>
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<hw>Rib"wort`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of plantain (<spn>Plantago lanceolata</spn>) with long, narrow, ribbed leaves; -- called also <altname>rib grass</altname>, <altname>ripple grass</altname>, <altname>ribwort plantain</altname>.</def>

<h1>-ric</h1>
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<hw>-ric</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[AS <ets>r\'c6ce</ets> kingdom, dominion. See <er>Rich</er>.]</ety> <def>A suffix signifying <i>dominion</i>, <i>jurisdiction</i>; <as>as, bishop<ex>ric</ex>, the district over which a bishop exercises authority</as>.</def>

<h1>Rice</h1>
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<hw>Rice</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>riz</ets> (cf. Pr. <ets>ris</ets>, It. <ets>riso</ets>), L. <ets>oryza</ets>, Gr. <?/<?/<?/, <?/<?/<?/, probably from the Persian; cf. OPers. <ets>br\'c6zi</ets>, akin to Skr. <ets>vr\'c6hi</ets>; or perh. akin to E. <ets>rye</ets>. Cf. <er>Rye</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A well-known cereal grass (<spn>Oryza sativa</spn>) and its seed.  This plant is extensively cultivated in warm climates, and the grain forms a large portion of the food of the inhabitants. In America it grows chiefly on low, moist land, which can be overflowed.</def>

<cs><col>Ant rice</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Ant</er>.</cd> -- <col>French rice</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Amelcorn</er>.</cd> -- <col>Indian rice</col>., <cd>a tall reedlike water grass (<spn>Zizania aquatica</spn>), bearing panicles of a long, slender grain, much used for food by North American Indians. It is common in shallow water in the Northern States. Called also <altname>water oat</altname>, <altname>Canadian wild rice</altname>, etc.</cd> -- <col>Mountain rice</col>, <cd>any species of an American genus (<spn>Oryzopsis</spn>) of grasses, somewhat resembling rice.</cd> -- <col>Rice bunting</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Ricebird</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rice hen</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the Florida gallinule.</cd> -- <col>Rice mouse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large dark-colored field mouse (<spn>Calomys palistris</spn>) of the Southern United States.</cd> -- <col>Rice paper</col>, <cd>a kind of thin, delicate paper, brought from China, -- used for painting upon, and for the manufacture of fancy articles. It is made by cutting the pith of a large herb (<spn>Fatsia papyrifera</spn>, related to the ginseng) into one roll or sheet, which is flattened out under pressure. Called also <altname>pith paper</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Rice troupial</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the bobolink.</cd> -- <col>Rice water</col>, <cd>a drink for invalids made by boiling a small quantity of rice in water.</cd> -- <col>Rice-water discharge</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a liquid, resembling rice water in appearance, which is vomited, and discharged from the bowels, in cholera.</cd> -- <col>Rice weevil</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small beetle (<spn>Calandra, &or; Sitophilus, oryz\'91</spn>) which destroys rice, wheat, and Indian corn by eating out the interior; -- called also <altname>black weevil</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ricebird</h1>
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<hw>Rice"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The Java sparrow.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The bobolink.</def>

<h1>Rice-shell</h1>
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<hw>Rice"-shell`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of numerous species of small white polished marine shells of the genus <spn>Olivella</spn>.</def>

<h1>Rich</h1>
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<hw>Rich</hw>, <tt>(r&icr;ch)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Richer</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Richest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>riche</ets>, AS. <ets>r\'c6ce</ets> rich, powerful; akin to OS. <ets>r\'c6ki</ets>, D. <ets>rijk</ets>, G. <ets>reich</ets>, OHG. <ets>r\'c6hhi</ets>, Icel. <ets>r\'c6kr</ets>, Sw. <ets>rik</ets>, Dan. <ets>rig</ets>, Goth. <ets>reiks</ets>; from a word meaning, ruler, king, probably borrowed from Celtic, and akin to L. <ets>rex</ets>, <ets>regis</ets>, king, <ets>regere</ets> to guide, rule. &root;283.  See <er>Right</er>, and cf. <er>Derrick</er>, <er>Enrich</er>, <er>Rajah</er>, <er>Riches</er>, <er>Royal</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Having an abundance of material possessions; possessed of a large amount of property; well supplied with land, goods, or money; wealthy; opulent; affluent; -- opposed to <ant>poor</ant>.</def> "<i>Rich</i> merchants."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>The <b>rich</b> [person] hath many friends.
<i>Prov. xiv. 20.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>As a thief, bent to unhoard the cash
Of some <b>rich</b> burgher.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, in general, well supplied; abounding; abundant; copious; bountiful; <as>as, a <ex>rich</ex> treasury; a <ex>rich</ex> entertainment; a <ex>rich</ex> crop</as>.</def>

<blockquote>If life be short, it shall be glorious;
Each minute shall be <b>rich</b> in some great action.
<i>Rowe.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The gorgeous East with <b>richest</b> hand
Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Yielding large returns; productive or fertile; fruitful; <as>as, <ex>rich</ex> soil or land; a <ex>rich</ex> mine.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Composed of valuable or costly materials or ingredients; procured at great outlay; highly valued; precious; sumptuous; costly; <as>as, a <ex>rich</ex> dress; <ex>rich</ex> silk or fur; <ex>rich</ex> presents</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Like to <b>rich</b> and various gems.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Abounding in agreeable or nutritive qualities; -- especially applied to articles of food or drink which are high-seasoned or abound in oleaginous ingredients, or are sweet, luscious, and high-flavored; <as>as, a <ex>rich</ex> dish; <ex>rich</ex> cream or soup; <ex>rich</ex> pastry; <ex>rich</ex> wine or fruit</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Sauces and <b>rich</b> spices are fetched from India.
<i>Baker.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Not faint or delicate; vivid; <as>as, a <ex>rich</ex> color</as>.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Full of sweet and harmonius sounds; <as>as, a <ex>rich</ex> voice; <ex>rich</ex> music</as>.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Abounding in beauty; gorgeous; <as>as, a <ex>rich</ex> landscape; <ex>rich</ex> scenery</as>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Abounding in humor; exciting amusement; entertaining; <as>as, the scene was a <ex>rich</ex> one; a <ex>rich</ex> incident or character</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<note>&hand; <i>Rich</i> is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, <i>rich</i>-fleeced, <i>rich</i>-jeweled, <i>rich</i>-laden, <i>rich</i>-stained.</note>

<syn>Syn. -- Wealthy; affluent; opulent; ample; copious; abundant; plentiful; fruitful; costly; sumptuous; precious; generous; luscious.</syn>

<h1>Rich</h1>
<Xpage=1239>

<hw>Rich</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To enrich.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Gower.</i>

<h1>Riches</h1>
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<hw>Rich"es</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>richesse</ets>, F. <ets>richesse</ets>, from <ets>riche</ets> rich, of German origin. See <er>Rich</er>,<tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which makes one rich; an abundance of land, goods, money, or other property; wealth; opulence; affluence.</def>

<blockquote><b>Riches</b> do not consist in having more gold and silver, but in having more in proportion, than our neighbors.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which appears rich, sumptuous, precious, or the like.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>riche</b> of heaven's pavement, trodden gold.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; <i>Richesse</i>, the older form of this word, was in the singular number. The form <i>riches</i>, however, is plural in appearance, and has now come to be used as a plural.</note>

<blockquote>Against the <b>richesses</b> of this world shall they have misease of poverty.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>In one hour so great <b>riches</b> is come to nought.
<i>Rev. xviii. 17.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>And for that <b>riches</b> where is my deserving?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Wealth; opulence; affluence; wealthiness; richness; plenty; abundance.</syn>

<hr>
<page="1240">
Page 1240<p>

<h1>Richesse</h1>
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<hw>Rich"esse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Riches</er>.]</ety> <def>Wealth; riches. See the Note under <er>Riches</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Some man desireth for to have <b>richesse</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The <b>richesse</b> of all heavenly grace.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Richly</h1>
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<hw>Rich"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a rich manner.</def>

<h1>Richness</h1>
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<hw>Rich"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being rich (in any sense of the adjective).</def>

<h1>Richweed</h1>
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<hw>Rich"weed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herb (<spn>Pilea pumila</spn>) of the Nettle family, having a smooth, juicy, pellucid stem; -- called also <altname>clearweed</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ricinelaidic</h1>
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<hw>Ric`in*e`la*id"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ricin</ets>oleic + <ets>elaidic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an isomeric modification of ricinoleic acid obtained as a white crystalline solid.</def>

<h1>Ricinelaidin</h1>
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<hw>Ric`in*e*la"i*din</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The glycerin salt of ricinelaidic acid, obtained as a white crystalline waxy substance by treating castor oil with nitrous acid.</def>

<h1>Ricinic</h1>
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<hw>Ri*cin"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ricinus</ets> castor-oil plant.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, castor oil; formerly, designating an acid now called <altname>ricinoleic</altname> <it>acid.</it></def>

<h1>Ricinine</h1>
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<hw>Ric"i*nine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ricinus</ets> castor-oil plant.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter white crystalline alkaloid extracted from the seeds of the castor-oil plant.</def>

<h1>Ricinoleate</h1>
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<hw>Ric`in*o"le*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of ricinoleic acid; -- formerly called <altname>palmate</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ricinoleic</h1>
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<hw>Ric`in*o"le*ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a fatty acid analogous to oleic acid, obtained from castor oil as an oily substance, C<?/H<?/O<?/ with a harsh taste. Formerly written <i>ricinolic</i>.</def>

<h1>Ricinolein</h1>
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<hw>Ric`in*o"le*in</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ricinus</ets> castor-oil plant + <ets>oleum</ets> oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The glycerin salt of ricinoleic acid, occuring as a characteristic constituent of castor oil; -- formerly called <i>palmin</i>.</def>

<h1>Ricinolic</h1>
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<hw>Ric`i*nol"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Ricinoleic.</def>

<h1>Ricinus</h1>
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<hw>Ric"i*nus</hw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the castor-oil plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants of the Spurge family, containing but one species (<spn>R. communis</spn>), the castor-oil plant. The fruit is three-celled, and contains three large seeds from which castor oil iss expressed. See <er>Palma Christi</er>.</def>

<h1>Rick</h1>
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<hw>Rick</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>reek</ets>, <ets>rek</ets>, AS. <ets>hre\'a0c</ets> a heap; akin to <ets>hryce</ets> rick, Icel. hraukr.]</ety> <def>A stack or pile, as of grain, straw, or hay, in the open air, usually protected from wet with thatching.</def>

<blockquote>Golden clusters of beehive <b>ricks</b>, rising at intervals beyond the hedgerows.
<i>G. Eliot.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rick</h1>
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<hw>Rick</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To heap up in ricks, as hay, etc.</def>

<h1>Ricker</h1>
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<hw>Rick"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A stout pole for use in making a rick, or for a spar to a boat.</def>

<h1>Ricketish</h1>
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<hw>Rick"et*ish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rickety.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<h1>Rickets</h1>
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<hw>Rick"ets</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[Of uncertain origin; but cf. AS. <ets>wrigian</ets> to bend, D. <ets>wrikken</ets> to shake, E.  <ets>wriggle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease which affects children, and which is characterized by a bulky head, crooked spine and limbs, depressed ribs, enlarged and spongy articular epiphyses, tumid abdomen, and short stature, together with clear and often premature mental faculties. The essential cause of the disease appears to be the nondeposition of earthy salts in the osteoid tissues. Children afflicted with this malady stand and walk unsteadily. Called also <altname>rachitis</altname>.</def>
<-- also, infantile or juvenile osteomalacia.  Deficient calcification of bone causing skeletal abnormalities. It is caused by vitamin D deficiency. -->

<h1>Rickety</h1>
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<hw>Rick"et*y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Affected with rickets.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Feeble in the joints; imperfect; weak; shaky.</def>

<h1>Rickrack</h1>
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<hw>Rick"rack`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A kind of openwork edging made of serpentine braid.</def>

<h1>Rickstand</h1>
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<hw>Rick"stand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A flooring or framework on which a rick is made.</def>

<h1>Ricochet</h1>
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<hw>Ric`o*chet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A rebound or skipping, as of a ball along the ground when a gun is fired at a low angle of elevation, or of a fiat stone thrown along the surface of water.</def>

<cs><col>Ricochet firing</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>the firing of guns or howitzers, usually with small charges, at an elevation of only a few degrees, so as to cause the balls or shells to bound or skip along the ground.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ricochet</h1>
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<hw>Ric`o*chet"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ricochetted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ricochetting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To operate upon by ricochet firing. See <er>Ricochet</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Ricochet</h1>
<Xpage=1240>

<hw>Ric`o*chet"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To skip with a rebound or rebounds, as a flat stone on the surface of water, or a cannon ball on the ground. See <er>Ricochet</er>, <tt>n.</tt></def>

<h1>Rictal</h1>
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<hw>Ric"tal</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the rictus; <as>as, <ex>rictal</ex> bristles</as>.</def>

<h1>Ricture</h1>
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<hw>Ric"ture</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ringi</ets>, <ets>rictus</ets>, to open wide the mouth, to gape.]</ety> <def>A gaping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rictus</h1>
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<hw>Ric"tus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., the aperture of the mouth.]</ety> <def>The gape of the mouth, as of birds; -- often resricted to the corners of the mouth.</def>

<h1>Rid</h1>
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<hw>Rid</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Ride</er>, <tt>v. i.</tt></def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<blockquote>He <b>rid</b> to the end of the village, where he alighted.
<i>Thackeray.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rid</h1>
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<hw>Rid</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rid</er> &or; <er>Ridded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ridding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ridden</ets>, <ets>redden</ets>, AS. <ets>hreddan</ets> to deliver, liberate; akin to D. & LG. <ets>redden</ets>, G. <ets>retten</ets>, Dan. <ets>redde</ets>, Sw. <ets>r\'84dda</ets>, and perhaps to Skr. <ets><?/rath</ets> to loosen.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To save; to rescue; to deliver; -- with <i>out of</i>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Deliver the poor and needy; <b>rid</b> them out of the hand of the wicked.
<i>Ps. lxxxii. 4.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To free; to clear; to disencumber; -- followed by <i>of</i>.</def> "<i>Rid</i> all the sea of pirates."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>In never <b>ridded</b> myself of an overmastering and brooding sense of some great calamity traveling toward me.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To drive away; to remove by effort or violence; to make away with; to destroy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>I will <b>red</b> evil beasts out of the land.
<i>Lev. xxvi. 6.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Death's men, you have <b>rid</b> this sweet young prince!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To get over; to dispose of; to dispatch; to finish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Willingness <i>rids</i> way."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Mirth will make us <b>rid</b> ground faster than if thieves were at our tails.
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To be rid of</col>, <cd>to be free or delivered from.</cd> -- <col>To get rid of</col>, <cd>to get deliverance from; to free one's self from.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ridable</h1>
<Xpage=1240>

<hw>Rid"a*ble</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Suitable for riding; <as>as, a <ex>ridable</ex> horse; a <ex>ridable</ex> road.</as></def>

<h1>Riddance</h1>
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<hw>Rid"dance</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of ridding or freeing; deliverance; a cleaning up or out.</def>

<blockquote>Thou shalt not make clean <b>riddance</b> of the corners of thy field.
<i>Lev. xxiii. 22.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being rid or free; freedom; escape.</def> "<i>Riddance</i> from all adversity."

<i>Hooker.</i>

<h1>Ridden</h1>
<Xpage=1240>

<hw>Rid"den</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Ride.</er></def>

<h1>Ridder</h1>
<Xpage=1240>

<hw>Rid"der</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, rids.</def>

<h1>Riddle</h1>
<Xpage=1240>

<hw>Rid"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>ridil</ets>, AS. <ets>hridder</ets>; akin to G. <ets>reiter</ets>, L. <ets>cribrum</ets>, and to Gr. <?/<?/<?/ to distinguish, separate, and G. <ets>rein</ets> clean. See <er>Crisis</er>, <er>Certain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sieve with coarse meshes, usually of wire, for separating coarser materials from finer, as chaff from grain, cinders from ashes, or gravel from sand.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A board having a row of pins, set zigzag, between which wire is drawn to straighten it.</def>

<h1>Riddle</h1>
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<hw>Rid"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Riddled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Riddling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To separate, as grain from the chaff, with a riddle; to pass through a riddle; <as>as, <ex>riddle</ex> wheat; to <ex>riddle</ex> coal or gravel</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To perforate so as to make like a riddle; to make many holes in; <as>as, a house <ex>riddled</ex> with shot</as>.</def>

<h1>Riddle</h1>
<Xpage=1240>

<hw>Rid"dle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>riddels</ets>, <ets>s</ets> being misunderstood as the plural ending; OE. <ets>ridels</ets>, <ets>redels</ets>. AS. r<?/dels; akin to D. <ets>raadsel</ets>, G. <ets>r\'84thsel</ets>; fr. AS. <ets>r<?/dan</ets> to counsel or advise, also, to guess. &root;116. Cf. <er>Read</er>.]</ety> <def>Something proposed to be solved by guessing or conjecture; a puzzling question; an ambiguous proposition; an enigma; hence, anything ambiguous or puzzling.</def>

<blockquote>To wring from me, and tell to them, my secret,
That solved the <b>riddle</b> which I had proposed.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>'T was a strange <b>riddle</b> of a lady.
<i>Hudibras.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Riddle</h1>
<Xpage=1240>

<hw>Rid"dle</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To explain; to solve; to unriddle.</def>

<blockquote><b>Riddle</b> me this, and guess him if you can.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Riddle</h1>
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<hw>Rid"dle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To speak ambiguously or enigmatically.</def> "Lysander <i>riddels</i> very prettily."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Riddler</h1>
<Xpage=1240>

<hw>Rid"dler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><def>One who riddles (grain, sand, etc.).</def>

<h1>Riddler</h1>
<Xpage=1240>

<hw>Rid"dler</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who speaks in, or propounds, riddles.</def>

<h1>Riddling</h1>
<Xpage=1240>

<hw>Rid"dling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Speaking in a riddle or riddles; containing a riddle.</def> "<i>Riddling</i> triplets."  <i>Tennyson</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>Rid"dling</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Ride</h1>
<Xpage=1240>

<hw>Ride</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Rode</er> <tt>(r&omac;d)</tt> (<er>Rid</er> [r&icr;d], <mark>archaic</mark>); <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Ridden</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt> (<er>Rid</er>, <mark>archaic</mark>); <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Riding</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>r\'c6dan</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>riden</ets>, D. <ets>rijden</ets>, G. <ets>reiten</ets>, OHG. <ets>r\'c6tan</ets>, Icel. <ets>r\'c6&edh;a</ets>, Sw. <ets>rida</ets>, Dan. <ets>ride</ets>; cf. L. <ets>raeda</ets> a carriage, which is from a Celtic word.  Cf. <er>Road</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be carried on the back of an animal, as a horse.</def>

<blockquote>To-morrow, when ye <b>riden</b> by the way.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let your master <b>ride</b> on before, and do you gallop after him.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be borne in a carriage; <as>as, to <ex>ride</ex> in a coach, in a car, and the like</as>. See Synonym, below.</def>

<blockquote>The richest inhabitants exhibited their wealth, not by <b>riding</b> in gilden carriages, but by walking the streets with trains of servants.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To be borne or in a fluid; to float; to lie.</def>

<blockquote>Men once walked where ships at anchor <b>ride</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To be supported in motion; to rest.</def>

<blockquote>Strong as the exletree
On which heaven <b>rides</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>On whose foolish honesty
My practices <b>ride</b> easy!
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To manage a horse, as an equestrian.</def>

<blockquote>He <b>rode</b>, he fenced, he moved with graceful ease.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>To support a rider, as a horse; to move under the saddle; <as>as, a horse <ex>rides</ex> easy or hard, slow or fast</as>.</def>

<cs><col>To ride easy</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to lie at anchor without violent pitching or straining at the cables.</cd> -- <col>To ride hard</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to pitch violently.</cd> -- <col>To ride out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To go upon a military expedition.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To ride in the open air.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To ride to hounds</col>, <cd>to ride behind, and near to, the hounds in hunting.</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Drive.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Ride</er>, <er>Drive</er>. <i>Ride</i> originally meant (and is so used throughout the English Bible) to be carried on horseback or in a vehicle of any kind. At present in England, <i>drive</i> is the word applied in most cases to progress in a carriage; as, a <i>drive</i> around the park, etc.; while <i>ride</i> is appropriated to progress on a horse. Johnson seems to sanction this distinction by giving "to <i>travel</i> on horseback" as the leading sense of <i>ride</i>; though he adds "to <i>travel</i> in a vehicle" as a secondary sense. This latter use of the word still occurs to some extent; as, the queen <i>rides</i> to Parliament in her coach of state; to <i>ride</i> in an omnibus.</usage>

<blockquote>"Will you <b>ride</b> over or <b>drive</b>?" said Lord Willowby to his quest, after breakfast that morning.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ride</h1>
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<hw>Ride</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sit on, so as to be carried; <as>as, to <ex>ride</ex> a horse; to <ex>ride</ex> a bicycle.</as></def>

<blockquote>[They] rend up both rocks and hills, and <b>ride</b> the air
In whirlwind.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To manage insolently at will; to domineer over.</def>

<blockquote>The nobility could no longer endure to be <b>ridden</b> by bakers, cobblers, and brewers.
<i>Swift.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To convey, as by riding; to make or do by riding.</def>

<blockquote>Tue only men that safe can <b>ride</b>
Mine errands on the Scottish side.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>To overlap (each other); -- said of bones or fractured fragments.</def>

<cs><col>To ride a hobby</col>, <cd>to have some favorite occupation or subject of talk.</cd> -- <col>To ride and tie</col>, <cd>to take turn with another in labor and rest; -- from the expedient adopted by two persons with one horse, one of whom <i>rides<i> the animal a certain distance, and then <i>ties<i> him for the use of the other, who is coming up on foot. <i>Fielding</i>.</cd> -- <col>To ride down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To ride over; to trample down in riding; to overthrow by riding against; <as>as, <ex>to ride down<ex> an enemy</as></cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To bear down, as on a halyard when hoisting a sail.</cd> -- <col>To ride out</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to keep safe afloat during (a storm) while riding at anchor or when hove to on the open sea; <as>as, <ex>to ride out<ex> the gale</as>.</cd></cs>
<-- <col>to ride the lightning</col>, (Colloq.) <cd>to be executed by electrocution in an electric chair.</cd> -->

<h1>Ride</h1>
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<hw>Ride</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of riding; an excursion on horseback or in a vehicle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A saddle horse.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A road or avenue cut in a wood, or through grounds, to be used as a place for riding; a riding.</def>

<h1>Ridean</h1>
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<hw>Ri*dean"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A small mound of earth; ground slightly elevated; a small ridge.</def>

<h1>Riden</h1>
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<hw>Rid"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>imp. pl. & p. p.</tt> of <er>Ride</er>.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Rident</h1>
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<hw>Ri"dent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ridens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>ridere</ets> to laugh.]</ety> <def>Laughing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<h1>Rider</h1>
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<hw>Rid"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, rides.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Formerly, an agent who went out with samples of goods to obtain orders; a commercial traveler.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>One who breaks or manages a horse.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An addition or amendment to a manuscript or other document, which is attached on a separate piece of paper; in legislative practice, an additional clause annexed to a bill while in course of passage; something extra or burdensome that is imposed.</def>

<blockquote>After the third reading, a foolish man stood up to propose a <b>rider</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>This [question] was a <b>rider</b> which Mab found difficult to answer.
<i>A. S. Hardy.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A problem of more than usual difficulty added to another on an examination paper.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <ety>[D. <ets>rijder</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Dutch gold coin having the figure of a man on horseback stamped upon it.</def>

<blockquote>His moldy money ! half a dozen <b>riders</b>.
<i>J. Fletcher.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Rock material in a vein of ore, dividing it.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>An interior rib occasionally fixed in a ship's hold, reaching from the keelson to the beame of the lower deck, to strengthen her frame.</def>

<i>Totten.</i>

<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The second tier of casks in a vessel's hold.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>A small forked weight which straddles the beam of a balance, along which it can be moved in the manner of the weight on a steelyard.</def>

<p><b>11.</b> <def>A robber.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Drummond.</i>

<cs><col>Rider's bone</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a bony deposit in the muscles of the upper and inner part of the thigh, due to the pressure and irritation caused by the saddle in riding.</cd></cs>

<h1>Riderless</h1>
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<hw>Rid"er*less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having no rider; <as>as, a <ex>riderless</ex> horse</as>.</def>

<i>H. Kingsley.</i>

<h1>Ridge</h1>
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<hw>Ridge</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>rigge</ets> the back, AS. <ets>hrycg</ets>; akin to D. <ets>rug</ets>, G. <ets>r\'9acken</ets>, OHG. <ets>rucki</ets>, <ets>hrukki</ets>, Icel. <ets>hryggr</ets>, Sw. <ets>rugg</ets>, Dan. <ets>ryg</ets>. &root;16.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The back, or top of the back; a crest.</def>

<i>Hudibras.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A range of hills or mountains, or the upper part of such a range; any extended elevation between valleys.</def> "The frozen <i>ridges</i> of the Alps."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Part rise crystal wall, or <b>ridge</b> direct.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A raised line or strip, as of ground thrown up by a plow or left between furrows or ditches, or as on the surface of metal, cloth, or bone, etc.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The intersection of two surface forming a salient angle, especially the angle at the top between the opposite slopes or sides of a roof or a vault.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The highest portion of the glacis proceeding from the salient angle of the covered way.</def>

<i>Stocqueler.</i>

<h1>Ridge</h1>
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<hw>Ridge</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ridged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ridging</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To form a ridge of; to furnish with a ridge or ridges; to make into a ridge or ridges.</def>

<blockquote>Bristles ranged like those that <b>ridge</b> the back
Of chafed wild boars.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To form into ridges with the plow, as land.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To wrinkle.</def> "With a forehead <i>ridged</i>."

<i>Cowper.</i>

<h1>Ridgeband</h1>
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<hw>Ridge"band`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The part of a harness which passes over the saddle, and supports the shafts of a cart; -- called also <altname>ridgerope</altname>, and <altname>ridger</altname>.</def>

<i>Halliwell.</i>

<h1>Ridgebone</h1>
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<hw>Ridge"bone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The backbone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Blood . . . lying cluttered about the <b>ridgebone</b>.
<i>Holland.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ridgel</h1>
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<hw>Ridg"el</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Ridgelling</er>.</def>

<h1>Ridgelet</h1>
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<hw>Ridge"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little ridge.</def>

<h1>Ridgeling</h1>
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<hw>Ridge"ling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>riggilt</ets>, <ets>riggot</ets>, ananimal half castrated, a sheep having only one testicle; cf. Prov. G. <ets>rigel</ets>, <ets>rig</ets>, a barrow hog, <ets>rigler</ets> a cock half castrated.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A half-castrated male animal.</def>

<h1>Ridgepiece, Ridgeplate</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ridge"piece`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Ridge"plate`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Ridgepole</er>.</def>

<h1>Ridgepole</h1>
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<hw>Ridge"pole`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The timber forming the ridge of a roof, into which the rafters are secured.</def>

<h1>Ridgerope</h1>
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<hw>Ridge"rope`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <cref>Life line</cref> <sd>(a)</sd>, under <er>Life</er>.</def>

<h1>Ridgingly</h1>
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<hw>Ridg"ing*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>So as to form ridges.</def>

<h1>Ridgy</h1>
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<hw>Ridg"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a ridge or ridges; rising in a ridge.</def> "Lifted on a <i>ridgy</i> wave."

<i>Pope.</i>

<h1>Ridicle</h1>
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<hw>Rid"i*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ridicule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Foxe.</i>

<h1>Ridicule</h1>
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<hw>Rid"i*cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ridicule</ets>, L. <ets>ridiculum</ets> a jest, fr. <ets>ridiculus</ets>. See <er>Ridiculous</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An object of sport or laughter; a laughingstock; a laughing matter.</def>

<blockquote>[Marlborough] was so miserably ignorant, that his deficiencies made him the <b>ridicule</b> of his contemporaries.
<i>Buckle.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>To the people . . . but a trifle, to the king but a <b>ridicule</b>.
<i>Foxe.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Remarks concerning a subject or a person designed to excite laughter with a degree of contempt; wit of that species which provokes contemptuous laughter; disparagement by making a person an object of laughter; banter; -- a term lighter than <i>derision</i>.</def>

<blockquote>We have in great measure restricted the meaning of <b>ridicule</b>, which would properly extend over whole region of the ridiculous, -- the laughable, -- and we have narrowed it so that in common usage it mostly corresponds to "derision", which does indeed involve personal and offensive feelings.
<i>Hare.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Safe from the bar, the pulpit, and the throne,
Yet touched and shamed by <b>ridicule</b> alone.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Quality of being ridiculous; ridiculousness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>To see the <b>ridicule</b> of this practice.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Derision; banter; raillery; burlesque; mockery; irony; satire; sarcasm; gibe; jeer; sneer.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Ridicule</er>, <er>Derision</er>, Both words imply disapprobation; but <i>ridicule</i> usually signifies good-natured, fun-loving opposition without manifest malice, while <i>derision</i> is commonly bitter and scornful, and sometimes malignant.</usage><-- ridicule is now usually malicious.  RIbbing or kidding is good-natured -->

<h1>Ridicule</h1>
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<hw>Rid"i*cule</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ridiculed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ridiculing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To laugh at mockingly or disparagingly; to awaken ridicule toward or respecting.</def>

<blockquote>I 've known the young, who <b>ridiculed</b> his rage.
<i>Goldsmith.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- To deride; banter; rally; burlesque; mock; satirize; lampoon. See <er>Deride</er>.</syn>

<hr>
<page="1241">
Page 1241<p>

<h1>Ridicule</h1>
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<hw>Rid"i*cule</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Ridiculous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>This action . . . became so <b>ridicule</b>.
<i>Aubrey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ridiculer</h1>
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<hw>Rid"i*cu`ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who ridicules.</def>

<h1>Ridiculize</h1>
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<hw>Ri*dic"u*lize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make ridiculous; to ridicule.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Ridiculosity</h1>
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<hw>Ri*dic`u*los"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being ridiculous; ridiculousness; also, something ridiculous.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

<i>Bailey.</i>

<h1>Ridiculous</h1>
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<hw>Ri*dic"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ridiculosus</ets>, <ets>ridiculus</ets>, fr. <ets>ridere</ets> to laigh. Cf. <er>Risible</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fitted to excite ridicule; absurd and laughable; unworthy of serious consideration; <as>as, a <ex>ridiculous</ex> dress or behavior</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Agricola, discerning that those little targets and unwieldy glaives ill pointed would soon become <b>ridiculous</b> against the thrust and close, commanded three Batavian cohorts . . . to draw up and come to handy strokes.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Involving or expressing ridicule.</def> <mark>[r.]</mark>

<blockquote>[It] provokes me to <b>ridiculous</b> smiling.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Ludicrous; laughable; risible; droll; comical; absurd; preposterous. See <er>Ludicrous</er>.</syn>

--- <wordforms><wf>Ri*dic"u*lous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ri*dic"u*lous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Riding</h1>
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<hw>Rid"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>thriding</ets>, Icel. <ets>pr<?/jungr</ets> the third part, fr. <ets>pri<?/i</ets> third, akin to E. <ets>third</ets>. See <er>Third</er>.]</ety> <def>One of the three jurisdictions into which the county of York, in England, is divided; -- formerly under the government of reeve. They are called the <i>North</i>, the <i>East</i>, and the <i>West</i>, <i>Riding</i>.</def>

<i>Blackstone.</i>

<h1>Riding</h1>
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<hw>Rid"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Employed to travel; traveling; <as>as, a <ex>riding</ex> clerk</as>.</def> "One <i>riding</i> apparitor."

<i>Ayliffe.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Used for riding on; <as>as, a <ex>riding</ex> horse</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Used for riding, or when riding; devoted to riding; <as>as, a <ex>riding</ex> whip; a <ex>riding</ex> habit; a <ex>riding</ex> day.</as></def>

<cs><col>Riding clerk</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A clerk who traveled for a commercial house</cd>. <mark>[Obs. Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>One of the "six clerks" formerly attached to the English Court of Chancery.</cd> -- <col>Riding hood</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A hood formerly worn by women when riding</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A kind of cloak with a hood.</cd> -- <col>Riding master</col>, <cd>an instructor in horsemanship.</cd> -- <col>Riding rhyme</col> <fld>(Pros.)</fld>, <cd>the meter of five accents, with couplet rhyme; -- probably so called from the mounted pilgrims described in the Canterbury Tales. <i>Dr. Guest</i>.</cd> -- <col>Riding school</col>, <cd>a school or place where the art of riding is taught.</cd></cs>

<h1>Riding</h1>
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<hw>Rid"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or state of one who rides.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A festival procession.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>When there any <b>riding</b> was in Cheap.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Same as <er>Ride</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A district in charge of an excise officer.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Ridotto</h1>
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<hw>Ri*dot"to</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. LL. <ets>reductus</ets> a retreat. See <er>Redoubt</er>.]</ety> <def>A favorite Italian public entertainment, consisting of music and dancing, -- held generally on fast eves.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<blockquote>There are to be <b>ridottos</b> at guinea tickets.
<i>Walpole.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ridotto</h1>
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<hw>Ri*dot"to</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To hold ridottos.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>J. G. Cooper.</i>

<h1>Rie</h1>
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<hw>Rie</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Rye</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<cs><col>Rie grass</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A kind of wild barley (<spn>Hordeum pratense</spn>)</cd>. <i>Dr. Prior</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Ray grass. <i>Dr. Prior</i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rief</h1>
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<hw>Rief</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Reave</er>.]</ety> <def>Robbery.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Rietboc</h1>
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<hw>Riet"boc</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>riet</ets> reed + <ets>bok</ets> buck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The reedbuck, a South African antelope (<spn>Cervicapra arundinacea</spn>); -- so called from its frequenting dry places covered with high grass or reeds. Its color is yellowish brown. Called also <altname>inghalla</altname>, and <altname>rietbok</altname>.</def>

<h1>Rife</h1>
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<hw>Rife</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>r\'c6f</ets> abundant, or Icel. <ets>r\'c6fr</ets> munificent; akin to OD. <ets>riff</ets>, <ets>rijve</ets>, abundant.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Prevailing; prevalent; abounding.</def>

<blockquote>Before the plague of London, inflammations of the lungs were <b>rife</b> and mortal.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Even now the tumult of loud mirth
Was <b>rife</b>, and perfect in may listening ear.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having power; active; nimble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>What! I am <b>rife</b> a little yet.
<i>J. Webster.</i></blockquote>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rife"ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Rife"ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Riffle</h1>
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<hw>Rif"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[CF. G. <ets>riffeln</ets>, <ets>riefeln</ets>, to groove. Cf. <er>Rifle</er> a gun.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A trough or sluice having cleats, grooves, or steps across the bottom for holding quicksilver and catching particles of gold when auriferous earth is washed; also, one of the cleats, grooves, or steps in such a trough. Also called <i>ripple</i>.</def>

<h1>Riffler</h1>
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<hw>Rif"fler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Riffle</er>.]</ety> <def>A curved file used in carving wool and marble.</def>

<h1>Riffraff</h1>
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<hw>Riff"raff`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>rif and raf</ets> every particle, OF. <ets>rif et raf</ets>. CF. <er>Raff</er>, <ets>and 1st</ets> <er>Rifle</er>.]</ety> <def>Sweepings; refuse; the lowest order of society.</def>

<i>Beau & Fl.</i>

<h1>Rifle</h1>
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<hw>Ri"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rifled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rifling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>rifler</ets> to rifle, sweep away; of uncertain origin. CF. <er>Raff</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To seize and bear away by force; to snatch away; to carry off.</def>

<blockquote>Till time shall <b>rifle</b> every youthful grace.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To strip; to rob; to pillage.</def>

<i>Piers Plowman.</i>

<blockquote>Stand, sir, and throw us that you have about ye:
If not, we'll make you sit and <b>rifle</b> you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To raffle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>J. Webster.</i>

<h1>Rifle</h1>
<Xpage=1241>

<hw>Ri"fle</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To raffle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chapman.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To commit robbery.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Rifle</h1>
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<hw>Ri"fle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Akin to Dan. <ets>rifle</ets>, or <ets>riffel</ets>, the rifle of a gun, a chamfer (cf. <ets>riffel</ets>, <ets>riffel</ets>b\'94sse, a rifle gun, <ets>rifle</ets> to rifle a gun, G. <ets>riefeln</ets>, <ets>riefen</ets>, to chamfer, groove), and E. <ets>rive</ets>. See <er>Rive</er>, and cf. <er>Riffle</er>, <er>Rivel</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A gun, the inside of whose barrel is grooved with spiral channels, thus giving the ball a rotary motion and insuring greater accuracy of fire. As a military firearm it has superseded the musket.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A body of soldiers armed with rifles.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A strip of wood covered with emery or a similar material, used for sharpening scythes.</def>

<cs><col>Rifle pit</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a trench for sheltering sharpshooters.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rifle</h1>
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<hw>Ri"fle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grove; to channel; especially, to groove internally with spiral channels; <as>as, to <ex>rifle</ex> a gun barrel or a cannon</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To whet with a rifle. See <er>Rifle</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Riflebird</h1>
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<hw>Ri"fle*bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of beautiful birds of Australia and New Guinea, of the genera <spn>Ptiloris</spn> and <spn>Craspidophora</spn>, allied to the paradise birds.</def>

<note>&hand; The largest and best known species is <spn>Ptiloris paradisea</spn> of Australia. Its general color is rich velvety brown, glossed with lilac; the under parts are varied with rich olive green, and the head, throat, and two middle tail feathers are brilliant metallic green.</note>

<h1>Rifleman</h1>
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<hw>Ri"fle*man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rifleman</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A soldier armed with a rifle.</def>

<h1>Rifler</h1>
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<hw>Ri"fler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who rifles; a robber.</def>

<h1>Rifling</h1>
<Xpage=1241>

<hw>Ri"fling</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The act or process of making the grooves in a rifled cannon or gun barrel.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The system of grooves in a rifled gun barrel or cannon.</def>

<cs><col>Shunt rifling</col>, <cd>rifling for cannon, in which one side of the groove is made deeper than the other, to facilitate loading with shot having projections which enter by the deeper part of the grooves.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rift</h1>
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<hw>Rift</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <mark>obs.</mark> <def><tt>p. p.</tt> of <er>Rive</er>.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Rift</h1>
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<hw>Rift</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <altsp>[Written also <asp>reft</asp>.]</altsp> <ety>[Dan. <ets>rift</ets>, fr. <ets>rieve</ets> to rend. See <er>Rive</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An opening made by riving or splitting; a cleft; a fissure.</def>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A shallow place in a stream; a ford.</def>

<h1>Rift</h1>
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<hw>Rift</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rifted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rifting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cleave; to rive; to split; <as>as, to <ex>rift</ex> an oak or a rock; to <ex>rift</ex> the clouds.</as></def>

<i>Longfellow.</i>

<blockquote>To dwell these <b>rifted</b> rocks between.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rift</h1>
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<hw>Rift</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To burst open; to split.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Timber . . . not apt to <b>rif</b> with ordnance.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To belch.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>

<h1>Rifter</h1>
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<hw>Rift"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rafter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Rig</h1>
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<hw>Rig</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Ridge</er>.]</ety> <def>A ridge.</def> <mark>[Prov. or Scott.]</mark>

<h1>Rig</h1>
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<hw>Rig</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rigged</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rigging</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Norweg. <ets>rigga</ets> to bind, particularly, to wrap round, rig; cf. AS. <ets>wr\'c6han</ets> to cover.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To furnish with apparatus or gear; to fit with tackling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To dress; to equip; to clothe, especially in an odd or fanciful manner; -- commonly followed by <i>out</i>.</def>

<blockquote>Jack was <b>rigged</b> out in his gold and silver lace.
<i>L'Estrange.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To rig a purchase</col>, <cd>to adapt apparatus so as to get a purchase for moving a weight, as with a lever, tackle, capstan, etc.</cd> -- <col>To rig a ship</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to fit the shrouds, stays, braces, etc., to their respective masts and yards.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rig</h1>
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<hw>Rig</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The peculiar fitting in shape, number, and arrangement of sails and masts, by which different types of vessels are distinguished; <as>as, schooner <ex>rig</ex>, ship <ex>rig</ex>, etc.</as>  See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Dress; esp., odd or fanciful clothing.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Rig</h1>
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<hw>Rig</hw>, <tt>n</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Wriggle</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A romp; a wanton; one given to unbecoming conduct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Fuller.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A sportive or unbecoming trick; a frolic.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A blast of wind.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<i>Wright.</i>

<blockquote>That uncertain season before the <b>rigs</b> of Michaelmas were yet well composed.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To run a rig</col>, <cd>to play a trick; to engage in a frolic; to do something strange and unbecoming.</cd></cs>

<blockquote>He little dreamt when he set out
Of <b>running</b> such <b>a rig</b>.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rig</h1>
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<hw>Rig</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To play the wanton; to act in an unbecoming manner; to play tricks.</def> "<i>Rigging</i> and rifling all ways."

<i>Chapman.</i>

<h1>Rig</h1>
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<hw>Rig</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make free with; hence, to steal; to pilfer.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov.]</mark>

<i>Tusser.</i>

<cs><col>To rig the market</col> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld>, <cd>to raise or lower market prices, as by some fraud or trick.</cd> <mark>[Cant]</mark></cs>

<h1>Rigadoon</h1>
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<hw>Rig`a*doon"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rigadon</ets>, <ets>rigaudon</ets>.]</ety> <def>A gay, lively dance for one couple, -- said to have been borrowed from Provence in France.</def>

<i>W. Irving.</i>

<blockquote>Whose dancing dogs in <b>rigadoons</b> excel.
<i>Wolcott.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Riga fir</h1>
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<hw>Ri"ga fir`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt> <ety>[So called from <ets>Riga</ets>, a city in Russia.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of pine (<spn>Pinus sylvestris</spn>), and its wood, which affords a valuable timber; -- called also <altname>Scotch pine</altname>, and <altname>red &or; yellow deal</altname>. It grows in all parts of Europe, in the Caucasus, and in Siberia.</def>

<h1>Rigarion</h1>
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<hw>Ri*ga"rion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rigatio</ets>, fr. <ets>rigare</ets> to water.]</ety> <def>See <er>Irrigation</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rigel</h1>
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<hw>Ri"gel</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>rijl</ets>, properly, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A fixed star of the first magnitude in the left foot of the constellation Orion.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Regel</asp>.]</altsp>

<h1>Rigescent</h1>
<Xpage=1241>

<hw>Ri*ges"cent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rigescens</ets>, p. pr. fr. <ets>rigescere</ets> to grow stiff.]</ety> <def>Growing stiff or numb.</def>

<h1>Rigger</h1>
<Xpage=1241>

<hw>Rig"ger</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who rigs or dresses; one whose occupation is to fit the rigging of a ship.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A cylindrical pulley or drum in machinery.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Rigging</h1>
<Xpage=1241>

<hw>Rig"ging</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>DRess; tackle; especially <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, the ropes, chains, etc., that support the masts and spars of a vessel, and serve as purchases for adjusting the sails, etc. See <i>Illustr</i>. of <er>Ship</er> and <er>Sails</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Running rigging</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>all those ropes used in bracing the yards, making and shortening sail, etc., such as braces, sheets, halyards, clew lines, and the like.</cd> -- <col>Standing rigging</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the shrouds and stays.</cd></cs>

<h1>Riggish</h1>
<Xpage=1241>

<hw>Rig"gish</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Like a rig or wanton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Riggish</i> and unmaidenly."

<i>Bp. Hall.</i>

<h1>Riggle</h1>
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<hw>Rig"gle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>See <er>Wriggle</er>.</def>

<h1>Riggle</h1>
<Xpage=1241>

<hw>Rig"gle</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The European lance fish.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Right</h1>
<Xpage=1241>

<hw>Right</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>right</ets>, <ets>riht</ets>, AS. <ets>riht</ets>; akin to D. <ets>regt</ets>, OS. & OHG. <ets>reht</ets>, G. <ets>recht</ets>, Dan. <ets>ret</ets>, Sw. r\'84tt, Icel. <ets>r\'89ttr</ets>, Goth. <ets>ra\'a1hts</ets>, L. <ets>rectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>regere</ets> to guide, rule; cf. Skr. <ets><?/ju</ets> straight, right. &root;115. Cf. <er>Adroit</er>,<er>Alert</er>, <er>Correct</er>, <er>Dress</er>, <er>Regular</er>, <er>Rector</er>, <er>Recto</er>, <er>Rectum</er>, <er>Regent</er>, <er>Region</er>, <er>Realm</er>, <er>Rich</er>, <er>Riyal</er>, <er>Rule</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Straight; direct; not crooked; <as>as, a <ex>right</ex> line.</def> "<ex>Right</ex> as any line</as>."

<i> Chaucer</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Upright; erect from a base; having an upright axis; not oblique; <as>as, <ex>right</ex> ascension; a <ex>right</ex> pyramid or cone.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Conformed to the constitution of man and the will of God, or to justice and equity; not deviating from the true and just; according with truth and duty; just; true.</def>

<blockquote>That which is conformable to the Supreme Rule is absolutely <b>right</b>, and is called <b>right</b> simply without relation to a special end.
<i>Whately.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Fit; suitable; proper; correct; becoming; <as>as, the <ex>right</ex> man in the <ex>right</ex> place; the <ex>right</ex> way from London to Oxford.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Characterized by reality or genuineness; real; actual; not spurious.</def> "His <i>right</i> wife."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>In this battle, . . . the Britons never more plainly manifested themselves to be <b>right</b> barbarians.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>According with truth; passing a true judgment; conforming to fact or intent; not mistaken or wrong; not erroneous; correct; <as>as, this is the <ex>right</ex> faith</as>.</def>

<blockquote>You are <b>right</b>, Justice, and you weigh this well.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If there be no prospect beyond the grave, the inference is . . . <b>right</b>, "Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die."
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Most favorable or convenient; fortunate.</def>

<blockquote>The lady has been disappointed on the <b>right</b> side.
<i>Spectator.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>8.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to that side of the body in man on which the muscular action is usually stronger than on the other side; -- opposed to <i>left</i> when used in reference to a part of the body; <as>as, the <ex>right</ex> side, hand, arm</as>. Also applied to the corresponding side of the lower animals.</def>

<blockquote>Became the sovereign's favorite, his <b>right</b> hand.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In designating the banks of a river, <i>right</i> and <i>left</i> are used always with reference to the position of one who is facing in the direction of the current's flow.</note>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>Well placed, disposed, or adjusted; orderly; well regulated; correctly done.</def>

<p><b>10.</b> <def>Designed to be placed or worn outward; <as>as, the <ex>right</ex> side of a piece of cloth</as>.</def>

<cs><col>At right angles</col>, <cd>so as to form a right angle or right angles, as when one line crosses another perpendicularly.</cd> -- <col>Right and left</col>, <cd>in both or all directions.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>Right and left coupling</col> <fld>(Pipe fitting)</fld>, <cd>a coupling the opposite ends of which are tapped for a right-handed screw and a left-handed screw, respectivelly.</cd> -- <col>Right angle</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The angle formed by one line meeting another perpendicularly, as the angles <i>ABD<i>, <i>DBC<i>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Spherics)</fld> <cd>A spherical angle included between the axes of two great circles whose planes are perpendicular to each other.</cd> -- <col>Right ascension</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ascension</er>.</cd> -- <col>Right Center</col> <fld>(Politics)</fld>, <cd>those members belonging to the Center in a legislative assembly who have sympathies with the Right on political questions. See <er>Center</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 5.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Right cone</col>, <col>Right cylinder</col>, <col>Right prism</col>, <col>Right pyramid</col></mcol> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a cone, cylinder, prism, or pyramid, the axis of which is perpendicular to the base.</cd> -- <col>Right line</col>. <cd>See under <er>Line</er>.</cd> -- <col>Right sailing</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>sailing on one of the four cardinal points, so as to alter a ship's latitude or its longitude, but not both. <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.<cd></cd> -- <col>Right sphere</col> <fld>(Astron. & Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a sphere in such a position that the equator cuts the horizon at right angles; in spherical projections, that position of the sphere in which the primitive plane coincides with the plane of the equator.</cd></cs>

<note>&hand; <i>Right</i> is used elliptically for <i>it is right</i>, <i>what you say is right</i>, <i>true</i>.</note>

<blockquote>"<b>Right</b>," cries his lordship.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Straight; direct; perpendicular; upright; lawful; rightful; true; correct; just; equitable; proper; suitable; becoming.</syn>

<h1>Right</h1>
<Xpage=1241>

<hw>Right</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a right manner.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a right or straight line; directly; hence; straightway; immediately; next; <as>as, he stood <ex>right</ex> before me; it went <ex>right</ex> to the mark; he came <ex>right</ex> out; he followed <ex>right</ex> after the guide.</as></def>

<blockquote>Unto Dian's temple goeth she <b>right</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Let thine eyes look <b>right</b> on.
<i>Prov. iv. 25.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote><b>Right</b> across its track there lay,
Down in the water, a long reef of gold.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Exactly; just.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Came he <b>right</b> now to sing a raven's note?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>According to the law or will of God; conforming to the standard of truth and justice; righteously; <as>as, to live <ex>right</ex>; to judge <ex>right</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>According to any rule of art; correctly.</def>

<blockquote>You with strict discipline instructed <b>right</b>.
<i>Roscommon.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>According to fact or truth; actually; truly; really; correctly; exactly; <as>as, to tell a story <ex>right</ex></as>.</def> "<i>Right</i> at mine own cost."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote><b>Right</b> as it were a steed of Lumbardye.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>His wounds so smarted that he slept <b>right</b> naught.
<i>Fairfax.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>In a great degree; very; wholly; unqualifiedly; extremely; highly; <as>as, <ex>right</ex> humble; <ex>right</ex> noble; <ex>right</ex> valiant</as>.</def> "He was not <i>right</i> fat".

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>For which I should be <b>right</b> sorry.
<i>Tyndale.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>[I] return those duties back as are <b>right</b> fit.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; In this sense now chiefly prefixed to titles; as, <i>right</i> honorable; <i>right</i> reverend.</note>

<cs><col>Right honorable</col>, <cd>a title given in England to peers and peeresses, to the eldest sons and all daughters of such peers as have rank above viscounts, and to all privy councilors; also, to certain civic officers, as the lord mayor of London, of York, and of Dublin.</cd></cs>

<hr>
<page="1242">
Page 1242<p>

<note>&hand; <i>Right</i> is used in composition with other adverbs, as up<i>right</i>, down<i>right</i>, forth<i>right</i>, etc.</note>

<cs><col>Right along</col>, <cd>without cessation; continuously; as, to work <i>right along</i> for several hours.</cd> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>Right away</col>, &or; <col>Right off</col></mcol>, <cd>at once; straightway; without delay. <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark> "We will . . . shut ourselves up in the office and do the work <i>right off<i>."</cd> <i>D. Webster.</i></cs>

<h1>Right</h1>
<Xpage=1242>

<hw>Right</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>right</ets>. See <er>Right</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is right or correct.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The straight course; adherence to duty; obedience to lawful authority, divine or human; freedom from guilt, -- the opposite of moral <i>wrong</i>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A true statement; freedom from error of falsehood; adherence to truth or fact.</def>

<blockquote>Seldom your opinions err;
Your eyes are always in the <b>right</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A just judgment or action; that which is true or proper; justice; uprightness; integrity</def>.

<blockquote>Long love to her has borne the faithful knight,
And well deserved, had fortune done him <b>right</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>That to which one has a just claim.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That which one has a natural claim to exact.</def>

<blockquote>There are no <b>rights</b> whatever, without corresponding duties.
<i>Coleridge.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>That which one has a legal or social claim to do or to exact; legal power; authority; <as>as, a sheriff has a <ex>right</ex> to arrest a criminal</as>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>That which justly belongs to one; that which one has a claim to possess or own; the interest or share which anyone has in a piece of property; title; claim; interest; ownership</def>.

<blockquote>Born free, he sought his <b>right</b>.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Hast thou not <b>right</b> to all created things?
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Men have no <b>right</b> to what is not reasonable.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Privilege or immunity granted by authority</def>.

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The right side; the side opposite to the left.</def>

<blockquote>Led her to the Souldan's <b>right</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>In some legislative bodies of Europe (as in France), those members collectively who are conservatives or monarchists. See <er>Center</er>, 5.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The outward or most finished surface, as of a piece of cloth, a carpet, etc.</def>

<cs><col>At all right</col>, <cd>at all points; in all respects. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <i>Chaucer</i>.</cd> -- <col>Bill of rights</col>, <cd>a list of rights; a paper containing a declaration of rights, or the declaration itself. See under <er>Bill</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>By right</col>, <col>By rights</col>, &or; <col>By good rights</col></mcol>, <cd>rightly; properly; correctly.</cd>

<blockquote>He should himself use it <b>by right</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I should have been a woman <b>by right</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

-- <col>Divine right</col>, &or; <col>Divine right of kings</col>, <cd>a name given to the patriarchal theory of government, especially to the doctrine that no misconduct and no dispossession can forfeit the right of a monarch or his heirs to the throne, and to the obedience of the people.</cd> -- <col>To rights</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In a direct line; straight.</cd> <mark>[R.]</mark> <i>Woodward</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>At once; directly.</cd> <mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark> <i>Swift</i>. -- <mcol><col>To set to rights</col>, <col>To put to rights</col></mcol>, <cd>to put in good order; to adjust; to regulate, as what is out of order.</cd> -- <col>Writ of right</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a writ which lay to recover lands in fee simple, unjustly withheld from the true owner.</cd> <i>Blackstone</i>.</cs>

<h1>Right</h1>
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<hw>Right</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Righted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Righting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>rihtan</ets>. See <er>Right</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bring or restore to the proper or natural position; to set upright; to make right or straight (that which has been wrong or crooked); to correct.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To do justice to; to relieve from wrong; to restore rights to; to assert or regain the rights of; <as>as, to <ex>right the oppressed</ex>; <ex>to right</ex> one's self</as>; also, to vindicate.</def>

<blockquote>So just is God, to <b>right</b> the innocent.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>All experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are sufferable, than to <b>right</b> themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.
<i>Jefferson.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>To right a vessel</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to restore her to an upright position after careening.</cd> -- <col>To right the helm</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to place it in line with the keel.</cd></cs>

<h1>Right</h1>
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<hw>Right</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To recover the proper or natural condition or position; to become upright.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Hence, to regain an upright position, as a ship or boat, after careening.</def>

<h1>Right-about</h1>
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<hw>Right"-a*bout`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Right</ets>, adv. + <ets>about</ets>, adv.]</ety> <def>A turning directly about by the right, so as to face in the opposite direction; also, the quarter directly opposite; <as>as, to turn to the <ex>right-about</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>To send to the right-about</col>, <cd>to cause to turn toward the opposite point or quarter; -- hence, of troops, to cause to turn and retreat. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>

<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>

<h1>Right-angled</h1>
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<hw>Right"-an`gled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing a right angle or right angles; <as>as, a <ex>right-angled</ex> triangle</as>.</def>

<h1>Righten</h1>
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<hw>Right"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To do justice to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Relieve [marginal reading, <b>righten</b>] the opressed.
<i>Isa. i. 17.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Righteous</h1>
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<hw>Right"eous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>rightways</ets>, <ets>rightwise</ets>, AS.<ets>rightw\'c6s</ets>; <ets>riht</ets> right + <ets>w\'c6s</ets> wise, having wisdom, prudent. See <er>Right</er>, <tt>a.</tt>, <er>Wise</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>Doing, or according with, that which is right; yielding to all their due; just; equitable; especially, free from wrong, guilt, or sin; holy; <as>as, a <ex>righteous</ex> man or act; a <ex>righteous</ex> retribution</as>.</def>

<blockquote>Fearless in his <b>righteous</b> cause.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Upright; just; godly; holy; uncorrupt; virtuous; honest; equitable; rightful.</syn>

<h1>Righteoused</h1>
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<hw>Right"eoused</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made righteous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Righteously</h1>
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<hw>Right"eous*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>rightw\'c6sl\'c6ce</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a righteous manner; <as>as, to judge <ex>righteously</ex></as>.</def>

<h1>Righteousness</h1>
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<hw>Right"eous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>rihtw\'c6snes</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being righteous; holiness; purity; uprightness; rectitude.</def>

<note>&hand; <i>Righteousness</i>, as used in Scripture and theology, in which it chiefly occurs, is nearly equivalent to <i>holiness</i>, comprehending holy principles and affections of heart, and conformity of life to the divine law.</note>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A righteous act, or righteous quality.</def>

<blockquote>All our <b>righteousnesses</b> are as filthy rags.
<i>Isa. lxiv. 6.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>The act or conduct of one who is righteous.</def>

<blockquote>Blessed are they that keep judgment, and he that doeth <b>right<?/<?/<?/ness</b> at all times.
<i>Ps. cvi. 3.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The state of being right with God; justification; the work of Christ, which is the ground justification.</def>

<blockquote>There are two kinds of Christian <b>righteousness</b>: the one without us, which we have by imputation; the other in us, which consisteth of faith, hope, and charity, and other Christian virtues.
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Only for the <b>righteousness</b> of Christ imputed to us, and received by faith alone.
<i>Westminster Catechism.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Uprightness; holiness; godliness; equity; justice; rightfulness; integryty; honesty; faithfulness.</syn>

<h1>Righter</h1>
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<hw>Right"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who sets right; one who does justice or redresses wrong.</def>

<i>Shelton.</i>

<h1>Rightful</h1>
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<hw>Right"ful</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Righteous; upright; just; good; -- said of persons.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Consonant to justice; just; <as>as, a <ex>rightful</ex> cause</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having the right or just claim according to established laws; being or holding by right; <as>as, the <ex>rightful</ex> heir to a throne or an estate; a <ex>rightful</ex> king.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Belonging, held, or possessed by right, or by just claim; <as>as, a <ex>rightful</ex> inheritance; <ex>rightful</ex> authority.</as></def>

<syn>Syn. -- Just; lawful; true; honest; equitable; proper.</syn>

<h1>Rightfully</h1>
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<hw>Right"ful*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>According to right or justice.</def>

<h1>Rightfulness</h1>
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<hw>Right"ful*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being rightful; accordance with right and justice.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Moral rectitude; righteousness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<blockquote>We fail of perfect <b>rightfulness</b>.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Right-hand</h1>
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<hw>Right"-hand`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Situated or being on the right; nearer the right hand than the left; <as>as, the <ex>right-hand</ex> side, room, or road</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Chiefly relied on; almost indispensable.</def>

<blockquote>Mr. Alexander Truncheon, who is their <b>right-hand</b> man in the troop.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Right-hand rope</col>, <cd>a rope which is laid up and twisted with the sun, that is, in the same direction as plain-laid rope. See <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Cordage</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Righthanded</h1>
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<hw>Right"*hand`ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Using the right hand habitually, or more easily than the left.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having the same direction or course as the movement of the hands of a watch seen in front; -- said of the motion of a revolving object looked at from a given direction.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the whorls rising from left to right; dextral; -- said of spiral shells. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Scalaria</er>.</def>

<cs><col>Right-handed screw</col>, <cd>a screw, the threads of which, like those of a common wood screw, wind spirally in such a direction that screw advances away from the observer when turned with a right-handed movement in a fixed nut.</cd></cs>

<h1>Right-handedness</h1>
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<hw>Right"-hand`ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being right-handed; hence, skill; dexterity.</def>

<h1>Right-hearted</h1>
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<hw>Right"-heart`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a right heart or disposition.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Right"-heart`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Rightless</h1>
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<hw>Right"less</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of right.</def>

<i>Sylvester.</i>

<h1>Right-lined</h1>
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<hw>Right"-lined`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Formed by right lines; rectilineal; <as>as, a <ex>right-lined</ex> angle</as>.</def>

<h1>Rightly</h1>
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<hw>Right"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>richtlice</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Straightly; directly; in front.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>According to justice; according to the divine will or moral rectitude; uprightly; <as>as, duty <ex>rightly</ex> performed</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Properly; fitly; suitably; appropriately.</def>

<blockquote>Eve <b>rightly</b> called, Mother of all mankind.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>According to truth or fact; correctly; not erroneously; exactly.</def> "I can not <i>rightly</i> say."

<i>Shak.</i>

<blockquote>Thou didst not <b>rightly</b> see.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Right-minded</h1>
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<hw>Right"-mind`ed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a right or honest mind.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Right"-mind`ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Rightness</h1>
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<hw>Right"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>richtnes</ets>.]</ety> . <def>Straightness; <as>as, the <ex>rightness</ex> of a line</as>.</def>

<i>Bacon.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The quality or state of being right; right relation.</def>

<blockquote>The craving for <b>rightness</b> with God.
<i>J. C. Shairp.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Right-running</h1>
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<hw>Right"-run`ning</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Straight; direct.</def>

<h1>Rightward</h1>
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<hw>Right"ward</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Toward the right.</def>

<blockquote><b>Rightward</b> and leftward rise the rocks.
<i>Southey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Right whale</h1>
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<hw>Right" whale`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bowhead, Arctic, or Greenland whale (<spn>Bal\'91na mysticetus</spn>), from whose mouth the best whalebone is obtained.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any other whale that produces valuable whalebone, as the Atlantic, or Biscay, right whale (<spn>Bal\'91na cisarctica</spn>), and the Pacific right whale (<spn>B. Sieboldii</spn>); a bone whale.</def>

<cs><col>Pygmy right whale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small New Zealand whale <spn>(Neobal\'91na marginata)</spn> which is only about sixteen feet long. It produces short, but very elastic and tough, whalebone.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rightwise</h1>
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<hw>Right"wise`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Righteous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Wyclif.</i>

<h1>Rightwise</h1>
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<hw>Right"wise`</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To make righteous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rightwisely</h1>
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<hw>Right"wise`ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Righteously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Rightwiseness</h1>
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<hw>Right"wise`ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Righteousness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>In doom and eke in <b>rightwisnesse</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rigid</h1>
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<hw>Rig"id</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rigidus</ets>, fr. <ets>rigere</ets> to be stiff or numb: cf. F. <ets>rigide</ets>. Cf. <er>Rigor</er>. ]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Firm; stiff; unyielding; not pliant; not flexible.</def>

<blockquote>Upright beams innumerable
Of <b>rigid</b> spears.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, not lax or indulgent; severe; inflexible; strict; <as>as, a <ex>rigid</ex> father or master; <ex>rigid</ex> discipline; <ex>rigid</ex> criticism; <ex>a rigid</ex> sentence.</as></def>

<blockquote>The more <b>rigid</b> order of principles in religion and government.
<i>Hawthorne.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Stiff; unpliant; inflexible; unyielding; strict; exact; severe; austere; stern; rigorous; unmitigated.</syn>

<h1>Rigidity</h1>
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<hw>Ri*gid"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rigiditas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>rigidit\'82</ets>. See <er>Rigid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The quality or state of being rigid; want of pliability; the quality of resisting change of from; the amount of resistance with which a body opposes change of form; -- opposed to <i>flexibility</i>, <i>ductility</i>, <i>malleability</i>, and <i>softness</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Stiffness of appearance or manner; want of ease or elegance.</def>

<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Severity; rigor.</def> <mark>[Obs. orR.]</mark>

<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Stiffness; rigidness; inflexibility.</syn>

<h1>Rigidly</h1>
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<hw>Rig"id*ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt> <def>In a rigid manner; stiffly.</def>

<h1>Rigidness</h1>
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<hw>Rig"id*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being rigid.</def>

<h1>Rigidulous</h1>
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<hw>Ri*gid"u*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Dim. from <ets>rigid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Somewhat rigid or stiff; <as>as, a <ex>rigidulous</ex> bristle</as>.</def>

<h1>Riglet</h1>
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<hw>Rig"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>See <er>Reglet</er>.</def>

<h1>Rigmarole</h1>
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<hw>Rig"ma*role</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>ragman roll</ets>. See <er>Ragman's roll</er>.]</ety> <def>A succession of confused or nonsencial statements; foolish talk; nonsense.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<blockquote>Often one's dear friend talks something which one scruples to call <b>rigmarole</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rigmarole</h1>
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<hw>Rig"ma*role</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Consisting of rigmarole; frovolous; nonsensical; foolish.</def>

<h1>Rigol</h1>
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<hw>Rig"ol</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. also <ets>ringol</ets>. Cf. <er>Ring</er>.]</ety> <def>A circle; hence, a diadem.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Rigoll</h1>
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<hw>Rig"oll</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Corruupted fr. <ets>regal</ets>.]</ety> <def>A musical instrument formerly in use, consisting of several sticks bound together, but separated by beads, and played with a stick with a ball at its end.</def> <i>Moore (Encyc. of Music. )</i>.

<h1>Rigor</h1>
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<hw>Ri"gor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. See <er>Rigor</er>., below.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rigidity; stiffness.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(ed.)</fld> <def>A sense of chilliness, with contraction of the skin; a convulsive shuddering or tremor, as in the chill preceeding a fever.</def>

<cs><col>Rigor caloris</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[L., rigor of heat]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>a form of rigor mortis induced by heat, as when the muscle of a mammal is heated to about 50&deg;C.</cd> -- <col>Rigor mortis</col> <tt>(<?/)</tt> <ety>[L. , rigor of death]</ety> , <cd>death stiffening; the rigidity of the muscles that occurs at death and lasts till decomposition sets in. It is due to the formation of myosin by the coagulation of the contents of the individual muscle fibers.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rigor</h1>
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<hw>Rig"or</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>rigour</ets>, OF. <ets>rigour</ets>, F. <ets>rigueur</ets>, from L. <ets>rigor</ets>, fr. <ets>rigere</ets> to be stiff. See <er>Rigid</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Written also <asp>rigour</asp>.]</altsp> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The becoming stiff or rigid; the state of being rigid; rigidity; stiffness; hardness.</def>

<blockquote>The rest his look
Bound with Gorgonian <b>rigor</b> not to move.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See 1st <er>Rigor</er>, 2.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Severity of climate or season; inclemency; <as>as, the <ex>rigor</ex> of the storm; the <ex>rigors</ex> of winter.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Stiffness of opinion or temper; rugged sternness; hardness; relentless severity; hard-heartedness; cruelty.</def>

<blockquote>All his <b>rigor</b> is turned to grief and pity.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>If I shall be condemn'd
Upon surmises, . . . I tell you
'T is <b>rigor</b> and not law.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Exactness without allowance, deviation, or indulgence; strictness; <as>as, the <ex>rigor</ex> of criticism; to execute a law with <ex>rigor</ex>; to enforce moral duties with <ex>rigor</ex></as>; -- opposed to <ant>lenity</ant>.</def>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Severity of life; austerity; voluntary submission to pain, abstinence, or mortification.</def>

<blockquote>The prince lived in this convent with all the <b>rigor</b> and austerity of a capuchin.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Violence; force; fury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>Whose raging <b>rigor</b> neither steel nor brass could stay.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<syn>Syn. -- Stiffness; rigidness; inflexibility; severity; austerity; sternness; harshness; strictness; exactness.</syn>

<h1>Rigorism</h1>
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<hw>Rig"or*ism</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Rigidity in principle or practice; strictness; -- opposed to <i>laxity</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Severity, as of style, or the like.</def>

<i>Jefferson.</i>

<h1>Rigorist</h1>
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<hw>Rig"or*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>rigoriste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who is rigorous; -- sometimes applied to an extreme Jansenist.</def>

<h1>Rigorous</h1>
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<hw>Rig"or*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>rigoureux</ets>, LL. <ets>rigorosus</ets>. See <er>Rigor</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Manifesting, exercising, or favoring rigor; allowing no abatement or mitigation; scrupulously accurate; exact; strict; severe; relentless; <as>as, a <ex>rigorous</ex> officer of justice; a <ex>rigorous</ex> execution of law; a <ex>rigorous</ex> definition or demonstration.</as></def>

<blockquote>He shall be thrown down the Tarpeian Rock
With <b>rigorous hands</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>We do not connect the scattered phenomena into their <b>rigorous</b> unity.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Severe; intense; inclement; <as>as, a <ex>rigorous</ex> winter</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Violent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Rigorous</i> uproar."

<i>Spenser.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Rigid; inflexible; unyielding; stiff; severe; austere; stern; harsh; strict; exact.</syn>

-- <wordforms><wf>Rig"or*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Rig"or*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Rigsdaler</h1>
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<hw>Rigs"da`ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Dan. See <er>Rix-dollar</er>.]</ety> <def>A Danish coin worth about fifty-four cents. It was former unit of value in Denmark.</def>

<h1>Riksdaler</h1>
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<hw>Riks"da`ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Sw. See <er>Rix-dollar</er>.]</ety> <def>A Swedish coin worth about twenty-seven cents. It was formerly the unit of value in Sweden.</def>

<h1>Rig-Veda</h1>
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<hw>Rig`-Ve"da</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>See <er>Veda</er>.</def>

<h1>Rile</h1>
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<hw>Rile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Riled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Riling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Roil</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To render turbid or muddy; to stir up; to roil.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stir up in feelings; to make angry; to vex.</def>

<note>&hand; In both senses provincial in England and colloquial in the United States.</note>

<h1>Rilievo</h1>
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<hw>Ri*lie"vo</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[It. See <er>Relief</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Sculp. & Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Relief</er>, <tt>n.</tt>,<i>5</i>.</def>

<h1>Rill</h1>
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<hw>Rill</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. LG. <ets>rille</ets> a small channel or brook, a furrow, a chamfer, OE. <ets>rigol</ets> a small brook, F. <ets>rigole</ets> a trench or furrow for water, W. <ets>rhill</ets> a row, <ets>rhigol</ets> a little ditch. &root;11.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A very small brook; a streamlet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>See <er>Rille</er>.</def>

<h1>Rill</h1>
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<hw>Rill</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To run a small stream.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Prior.</i>

<h1>Rille</h1>
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<hw>Rille</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G. <ets>rille</ets> a furrow.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of certain narrow, crooked valleys seen, by aid of the telescope, on the surface of the moon.</def>

<h1>Rillet</h1>
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<hw>Rill"et</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A little rill.</def>

<i>Burton.</i>

<h1>Rily</h1>
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<hw>Ri"ly</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Roily.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]</mark>

<hr>
<page="1243">
Page 1243<p>

<h1>Rim</h1>
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<hw>Rim</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[As. <ets>rima</ets>, <ets>reoma</ets>, edge; cf. W. <ets>rhim</ets>, <ets>rhimp</ets>, a rim, edge, boundary, termination, Armor, <ets>rim</ets>. Cf. <er>Rind</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The border, edge, or margin of a thing, usually of something circular or curving; <as>as, the <ex>rim</ex> of a kettle or basin</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The lower part of the abdomen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<cs><col>Arch rim</col> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld>, <cd>the line between the gums and the palate.</cd> -- <col>Rim-fire cartridge</col>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Cartridge</er>.</cd> -- <col>Rim lock</col>. <cd>See under <er>Lock</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Rim</h1>
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<hw>Rim</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rimmed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rimming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To furnish with a rim; to border.</def>

<h1>Rima</h1>
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<hw>Ri"ma</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Rim\'91</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A narrow and elongated aperture; a cleft; a fissure.</def>

<h1>Rimau dahan</h1>
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<hw>Ri"mau da"han</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <ety>[From the native Oriental name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The clouded tiger cat (<spn>Felis marmorata</spn>) of Southern Asia and the East Indies.</def>

<h1>Rimbase</h1>
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<hw>Rim"base`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A short cylinder connecting a trunnion with the body of a cannon. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Cannon</er>.</def>

<h1>Rime</h1>
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<hw>Rime</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rima</ets>.]</ety> <def>A rent or long aperture; a chink; a fissure; a crack.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<h1>Rime</h1>
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<hw>Rime</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hr\'c6m</ets>; akin to D. <ets>rijm</ets>, Icel. <ets>hr\'c6m</ets>, Dan. <ets>rim</ets>, Sw. <ets>rim</ets>; cf. D. <ets>rijp</ets>, G. <ets>reif</ets>, OHG. <ets>r\'c6fo</ets>, <ets>hr\'c6fo</ets>.]</ety> <def>White frost; hoarfrost; congealed dew or vapor.</def>

<blockquote>The trees were now covered with <b>rime</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rime</h1>
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<hw>Rime</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rimed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Riming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To freeze or congeal into hoarfrost.</def>

<h1>Rime</h1>
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<hw>Rime</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety> <def>A step or round of a ladder; a rung.</def>

<h1>Rime</h1>
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<hw>Rime</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rhyme. See <er>Rhyme</er>.</def>

<i>Coleridge. Landor.</i>

<note>&hand; This spelling, which is etymologically preferable, is coming into use again.</note>

<h1>Rime</h1>
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<hw>Rime</hw>, <tt>v. i. & t.</tt> <def>To rhyme. See <er>Rhyme</er>.</def>

<h1>Rimer</h1>
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<hw>Rim"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rhymer; a versifier.</def>

<h1>Rimer</h1>
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<hw>Rim"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A tool for shaping the rimes of a ladder.</def>

<h1>Rimey</h1>
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<hw>Rim"ey</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>rimoier</ets>. See <er>Ryime</er>.]</ety> <def>To compose in rhyme; to versify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>[Lays] <b>rimeyed</b> in their first Breton tongue.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rimmer</h1>
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<hw>Rim"mer</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An implement for cutting, trimming, or ornamenting the rim of anything, as the edges of pies, etc.; also, a reamer.</def>

<i>Knight.</i>

<h1>Rimose</h1>
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<hw>Ri*mose"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>rimosus</ets>, fr. <ets>rima</ets> a chink: cf. F. <ets>rimeux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Full of rimes, fissures, or chinks.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Having long and nearly parallel clefts or chinks, like those in the bark of trees.</def>

<h1>Rimosely</h1>
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<hw>Ri*mose"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a rimose manner.</def>

<h1>Rimosity</h1>
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<hw>Ri*mos"i*ty</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being rimose.</def>

<h1>Rimous</h1>
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<hw>Rim"ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Rimose.</def>

<h1>Rimple</h1>
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<hw>Rim"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hrimpele</ets>, or <ets>rimpel</ets>. See Rumple.]</ety> <def>A fold or wrinkle. See <er>Rumple</er>.</def>

<h1>Rimple</h1>
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<hw>Rim"ple</hw>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rimpled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rimpling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <def>To rumple; to wrinkle.</def>

<h1>Rimy</h1>
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<hw>Rim"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abounding with rime; frosty.</def>

<h1>Rind</h1>
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<hw>Rind</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>rind</ets> bark, crust of bread; akin <?/<?/ OHG. <ets>rinta</ets>, G. <ets>rinde</ets>, and probably to E. <ets>rand</ets>, <ets>rim</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>ram</ets> to end, rest.]</ety> <def>The external covering or coat, as of flesh, fruit, trees, etc.; skin; hide; bark; peel; shell.</def>

<blockquote>Thou canst not touch the freedom of my mind
With all thy charms, although this corporal <b>rind</b>
Thou hast immanacled.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Sweetest nu<?/ hath sourest <b>rind</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rind</h1>
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<hw>Rind</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To remove the rind of; to bark.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Rinderpest</h1>
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<hw>Rin"der*pest</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[G., fr. <ets>rind</ets>, pl. <ets>rinder</ets>, cattle + <ets>pest</ets> pest, plague.]</ety> <def>A highly contagious distemper or murrain, affecting neat cattle, and less commonly sheep and goats; -- called also <altname>cattle plague</altname>, <altname>Russian cattle plague</altname>, and <altname>steppe murrain</altname>.</def>

<h1>Rindle</h1>
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<hw>Rin"dle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>rynele</ets>. &root;11.  See <er>Run</er>.]</ety> <def>A small water course or gutter.</def>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Rindless</h1>
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<hw>Rind"less</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Destitute of a rind.</def>

<h1>Rindy</h1>
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<hw>Rind"y</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a rind or skin.</def>

<i>Ash.</i>

<h1>Rine</h1>
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<hw>Rine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Rind</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Spenser.</i>

<h1>Rined</h1>
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<hw>Rined</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a rind</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Milton.</i>

<h1>Rinforzando</h1>
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<hw>Rin`for*zan"do</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It., fr. <ets>rinfor<?/ale</ets> to re\'89nforce, strengthen.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Increasing; strengthening; -- a direction indicating a sudden increase of force (abbreviated <i>rf</i>., <i>rfz</i>.) Cf. <er>Forzando</er>, and <er>Sforzando</er>.</def>

<h1>Ring</h1>
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<hw>Ring</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.</tt> <er>Rang</er> <tt>(?)</tt> or <er>Rung</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>; <tt>p. p.</tt> <er>Rung</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ringing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>hringan</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>hringja</ets>, Sw. <ets>ringa</ets>, Dan. <ets>ringe</ets>, OD. <ets>ringhen</ets>, <ets>ringkelen</ets>. &root;19.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to sound, especially by striking, as a metallic body; <as>as, to <ex>ring</ex> a bell</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make (a sound), as by ringing a bell; to sound.</def>

<blockquote>The shard-borne beetle, with his drowsy hums,
Hath <b>rung</b> night's yawning peal.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly.</def>

<cs><col>To ring a peal</col>, <cd>to ring a set of changes on a chime of bells.</cd> -- <col>To ring the changes upon</col>. <cd>See under <er>Change</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To ring in</col> &or; <col>out</col></mcol>, <cd>to usher, attend on, or celebrate, by the ringing of bells; <as>as, <ex>to ring out<ex> the old year and <ex>ring in<ex> the new. <i>Tennyson</i></as>.</cd> -- <col>To ring the bells backward</col>, <cd>to sound the chimes, reversing the common order; -- formerly done as a signal of alarm or danger.</cd> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></cs>

<h1>Ring</h1>
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<hw>Ring</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To sound, as a bell or other sonorous body, particularly a metallic one.</def>

<blockquote>Now <b>ringen</b> trompes loud and clarion.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Why <b>ring</b> not out the bells?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To practice making music with bells.</def>

<i>Holder.</i>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To sound loud; to resound; to be filled with a <?/<?/inging or reverberating sound.</def>

<blockquote>With sweeter notes each rising temple <b>rung</b>.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The hall with harp and carol <b>rang</b>.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>My ears still <b>ring</b> with noise.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To continue to sound or vibrate; to resound.</def>

<blockquote>The assertion is still <b>ringing</b> in our ears.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>To be filled with report or talk; <as>as, the whole town <ex>rings</ex> with his fame</as>.</def>

<h1>Ring</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A sound; especially, the sound of vibrating metals; <as>as, the <ex>ring</ex> of a bell</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any loud sound; the sound of numerous voices; a sound continued, repeated, or reverberated.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>ring</b> of acclamations fresh in his ears.
<i>Bacon</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A chime, or set of bells harmonically tuned.</def>

<blockquote>As great and tunable a <b>ring</b> of bells as any in the world.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ring</h1>
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<hw>Ring</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>hring</ets>, <ets>hrinc</ets>; akin to Fries. <ets>hring</ets>, D. & G. <ets>ring</ets>, OHG. <ets>ring</ets>, <ets>hring</ets>, Icel. <ets>hringr</ets>, DAn. & SW. <ets>ring</ets>; cf. Russ. <ets>krug'</ets>. Cf. <er>Harangue</er>, <er>Rank</er> a row,<er>Rink</er>.]</ety> <def>A circle, or a circular line, or anything in the form of a circular line or hoop.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Specifically, a circular ornament of gold or other precious material worn on the finger, or attached to the ear, the nose, or some other part of the person; <as>as, a wedding <ex>ring</ex></as>.</def>

<blockquote>Upon his thumb he had of gold a <b>ring</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The dearest <b>ring</b> in Venice will I give you.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A circular area in which races are or run or other sports are performed; an arena.</def>

<blockquote>Place me. O, place me in the dusty <b>ring</b>,
Where youthful charioteers contened for glory.
<i>E. Smith.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>An inclosed space in which pugilists fight; hence, figuratively, prize fighting.</def> "The road was an institution, the <i>ring</i> was an institution."

<i>Thackeray.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>A circular group of persons.</def>

<blockquote>And hears the Muses in a <b><?/<?/<?/</b>
Aye round about Jove's alter sing.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The plane figure included between the circumferences of two concentric circles.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The solid generated by the revolution of a circle, or other figure, about an exterior straight line (as an axis) lying in the same plane as the circle or other figure.</def>

<p><b>7.</b> <fld>(Astron. & Navigation)</fld> <def>An instrument, formerly used for taking the sun's altitude, consisting of a brass ring suspended by a swivel, with a hole at one side through which a solar ray entering indicated the altitude on the graduated inner surface opposite.</def>

<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An elastic band partly or wholly encircling the spore cases of ferns. See <i>Illust</i>. of <er>Sporangium</er>.</def>

<p><b>9.</b> <def>A clique; an exclusive combination of persons for a selfish purpose, as to control the market, distribute offices, obtain contracts, etc.</def>

<blockquote>The ruling <b>ring</b> at Constantinople.
<i>E. A. Freeman.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Ring armor</col>, <cd>armor composed of rings of metal. See <cref>Ring mail</cref>, below, and <cref>Chain mail</cref>, under <er>Chain</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ring blackbird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the ring ousel.</cd> -- <col>Ring canal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the circular water tube which surrounds the esophagus of echinoderms.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Ring dotterel</col>, &or; <col>Ringed dotterel</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Dotterel</er>, and <i>Illust<i>. of <er>Pressiroster</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ring dropper</col>, <cd>a sharper who pretends to have found a ring (dropped by himself), and tries to induce another to buy it as valuable, it being worthless.</cd> -- <col>Ring fence</col>. <cd>See under <er>Fence</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ring finger</col>, <cd>the third finger of the left hand, or the next the little finger, on which the ring is placed in marriage.</cd> -- <col>Ring formula</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a graphic formula in the shape of a closed ring, as in the case of benzene, pyridine, etc. See <i>Illust<i>. under <er>Benzene</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ring mail</col>, <cd>a kind of mail made of small steel rings sewed upon a garment of leather or of cloth.</cd> -- <col>Ring micrometer</col>. <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <cd>See <cref>Circular micrometer</cref>, under <er>Micrometer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Saturn's rings</col>. <cd>See <er>Saturn</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ring ousel</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Ousel</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ring parrot</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any one of several species of Old World parrakeets having a red ring around the neck, especially <spn>Pal\'91ornis torquatus</spn>, common in India, and <spn>P. Alexandri</spn> of <er>Java</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ring plover</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The ringed dotterel</cd>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Any one of several small American plovers having a dark ring around the neck, as the semipalmated plover (<spn>\'92gialitis semipalmata</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Ring snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small harmless American snake (<spn>Diadophis punctatus</spn>) having a white ring around the neck. The back is ash-colored, or sage green, the belly of an orange red.</cd> -- <col>Ring stopper</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under <er>Stopper</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ring thrush</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the ring ousel.</cd> -- <col>The prize ring</col>, <cd>the ring in which prize fighters contend; prize fighters, collectively.</cd> -- <col>The ring</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The body of sporting men who bet on horse races</cd>. <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>The prize ring.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ring</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ringed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ringing</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To surround with a ring, or as with a ring; to encircle.</def> "<i>Ring</i> these fingers."

<i>Shak.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>To make a ring around by cutting away the bark; to girdle; <as>as, to <ex>ring</ex> branches or roots</as>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To fit with a ring or with rings, as the fingers, or a swine's snout.</def>

<h1>Ring</h1>
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<hw>Ring</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>To rise in the air spirally.</def>

<h1>Ringbill</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring"bill`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ring-necked scaup duck; -- called also <altname>ring-billed blackhead</altname>. See <er>Scaup</er>.</def>

<h1>Ringbird</h1>
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<hw>Ring"bird`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The reed bunting. It has a collar of white feathers. Called also <altname>ring bunting</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ringbolt</h1>
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<hw>Ring"bolt`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An eyebolt having a ring through the eye.</def>

<h1>Ringbone</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring"bone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A morbid growth or deposit of bony matter between or on the small pastern and the great pastern bones.</def>

<i>J. H. Walsh.</i>

<h1>Ringdove</h1>
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<hw>Ring"dove`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European wild pigeon (<spn>Columba palumbus</spn>) having a white crescent on each side of the neck, whence the name. Called also <altname>wood pigeon</altname>, and <altname>cushat</altname>.</def>

<h1>Ringed</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ringed</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Encircled or marked with, or as with, a ring or rings.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Wearning a wedding ring; hence, lawfully wedded.</def> "A <i>ringed</i> wife."

<i>Tennyson.</i>

<cs><col>Ringed seal</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a North Pacific seal (<spn>Phoca f\'d2tida</spn>) having ringlike spots on the body.</cd> -- <col>Ringed snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a harmless European snake (<spn>Tropidonotus natrix</spn>) common in England.</cd> -- <col>Ringed worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an annelid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ringent</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Rin"gent</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ringens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>ringi</ets> to open wide the mouth: cf. F. <ets>ringent</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the lips widely separated and gaping like an open mouth; <as>as a <ex>ringent</ex> bilabiate corolla</as>.</def>

<h1>Ringer</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, rings; especially, one who rings chimes on bells.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A crowbar.</def>

<i>Simmonds.</i>

<h1>Ringer</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Horse Racing)</fld> <def>A horse that is not entitled to take part in a race, but is fraudulently got into it.</def>

<h1>Ringhead</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring"head`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Cloth Manuf.)</fld> <def>An instrument used for stretching woolen cloth.</def>

<h1>Ringing</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring"ing</hw>, <def><tt>a & n.</tt> from <er>Ring</er>, <tt>v.</tt></def>

<cs><col>Ringing engine</col>, <cd>a simple form of pile driver in which the monkey is lifted by men pulling on ropes.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ringingly</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a ringing manner.</def>

<h1>Ringleader</h1>
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<hw>Ring"lead`er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The leader of a circle of dancers; hence, the leader of a number of persons acting together; the leader of a herd of animals.</def>

<blockquote>A primacy of order, such an one as the <b>ringleader</b> hath in a dance.
<i>Barrow.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Opprobriously, a leader of a body of men engaged in the violation of law or in an illegal enterprise, as rioters, mutineers, or the like.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>ringleaders</b> were apprehended, tried, fined, and imprisoned.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ringglestone</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring"gle*stone`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ringed dotterel, or ring plover.</def> <mark>[Prov.Eng.]</mark>

<h1>Ringlet</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring"let</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Ring</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A small ring; a small circle; specifically, a fairy ring.</def>

<blockquote>You demi-puppets, that
By moonshine do the green sour <b>ringlets</b> make,
Whereof the ewe not bites.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A curl; especially, a curl of hair.</def>

<blockquote>[Her golden tresses] in wanton <b>ringlets</b> waved.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ringman</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring"man</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ringmen</plw> <tt>(<?/)</tt>.</plu> <def>The ring finger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Ascham</i>

<h1>Ringmaster</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring"mas`ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One in charge of the performances (as of horses) within the ring in a circus.</def>

<h1>Ringneck</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring"neck`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any one of several species of small plovers of the genus <spn>\'92gialitis</spn>, having a ring around the neck. The ring is black in summer, but becomes brown or gray in winter. The semipalmated plover (<spn>\'92. semipalmata</spn>) and the piping plover (<spn>\'92. meloda</spn>) are common North American species. Called also <altname>ring plover</altname>, and <altname>ring-necked plover</altname>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ring-necked duck.</def>

<h1>Ring-necked</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring"-necked`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a well defined ring of color around the neck.</def>

<cs><col>Ring-necked duck</col> <fld>(Zool.)</fld>, <cd>an American scaup duck (<spn>Aythya collaris</spn>). The head, neck, and breast of the adult male are black, and a narrow, but conspicuous, red ring encircles the neck. This ring is absent in the female. Called also <altname>ring-neck</altname>, <altname>ring-necked blackhead</altname>, <altname>ringbill</altname>, <altname>tufted duck</altname>, and <altname>black jack</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ringsail</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring"sail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ringtail</er>,<er>2</er>.</def>

<h1>Ringstraked</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring"straked`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Ring-streaked.</def>

<blockquote>Cattle <b>ringstraked</b>, speckled, and spotted.
<i>Gen. xxx. 39.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ring-streaked</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring"-streaked`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having circular streaks or lines on the body; <as>as, <ex>ring-streaked</ex> goats</as>.</def>

<h1>Ringtail</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring"tail`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird having a distinct band of color across the tail, as the hen harrier.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A light sail set abaft and beyong the leech of a boom-and-gaff sail; -- called also <altname>ringsail</altname>.</def>

<cs><col>Ringtail boom</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a spar which is rigged on a boom for setting a ringtail.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ring-tailed</h1>
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<hw>Ring"-tailed`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the tail crossed by conspicuous bands of color.</def>

<cs><col>Ring-tailed cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the cacomixle.</cd> -- <col>Ring-tailed eagle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a young golden eagle.</cd></cs>

<h1>Ringtoss</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring"toss`</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A game in which the object is to toss a ring so that it will catch upon an upright stick.</def>

<h1>Ringworm</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Ring"worm"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A contagious affection of the skin due to the presence of a vegetable parasite, and forming ring-shaped discolored patches covered with vesicles or powdery scales. It occurs either on the body, the face, or the scalp.  Different varieties are distinguished as <spn>Tinea circinata</spn>, <spn>Tinea tonsurans</spn>, etc., but all are caused by the same parasite (a species of <spn>Trichophyton</spn>).</def><-- a fungal infection -->

<h1>Rink</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Rink</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Scot. <ets>renk</ets>, <ets>rink</ets>, <ets>rynk</ets>, a course, a race; probably fr. AS. <ets>hring</ets> a ring. See <er>Ring</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The smooth and level extent of ice marked off for the game of curling.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>An artificial sheet of ice, generally under cover, used for skating; also, a floor prepared for skating on with roller skates, or a building with such a floor.</def>

<h1>Rinker</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Rink"er</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who skates at a rink.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Rinking</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Rink"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Skating in a rink.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

<h1>Rinse</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Rinse</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rinsed</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rinsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE., fr. OF. <ets>rincer</ets>, <ets>rimser</ets>, <ets>reinser</ets>, <ets>ra\'8bncier</ets>, F. <ets>rincer</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wash lightly; to cleanse with a second or repeated application of water after washing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cleancse by the introduction of water; -- applied especially to hollow vessels; <as>as, to <ex>rinse</ex> a bottle</as>.</def> "Like a glass did break i' the <i>rinsing</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Rinse</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Rinse</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of rinsing.</def>

<h1>Rinser</h1>
<Xpage=1243>

<hw>Rins"er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, rinses.</def>

<hr>
<page="1244">
Page 1244<p>

<h1>Riot</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Ri"ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>riote</ets>, of uncertain origin; cf. OD. <ets>revot</ets>, <ets>ravot</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wanton or unrestrained behavior; uproar; tumult.</def>

<blockquote>His headstrong <b>riot</b> hath no curb.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Excessive and exxpensive feasting; wild and loose festivity; revelry.</def>

<blockquote>Venus loveth <b>riot</b> and dispense.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>The lamb thy <b>riot</b> dooms to bleed to-day.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The tumultuous disturbance of the public peace by an unlawful assembly of three or more persons in the execution of some private object.</def>

<cs><col>To run riot</col>, <cd>to act wantonly or without restraint.</cd></cs>

<h1>Riot</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Ri"ot</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rioted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rioting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>rioter</ets>; cf. OD. <ets>ravotten</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To engage in riot; to act in an unrestrained or wanton manner; to indulge in excess of luxury, feasting, or the like; to revel; to run riot; to go to excess.</def>

<blockquote>Now he exact of all, wastes in delight,
<b>Riots</b> in pleasure, and neglects the law.
<i>Daniel.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>No pulse that <b>riots</b>, and no blood that glows.
<i>Pope.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To disturb the peace; to raise an uproar or sedition. See <er>Riot</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<i>Johnson.</i>

<h1>Riot</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Ri"ot</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To spend or pass in riot.</def>

<blockquote>[He] had <b>rioted</b> his life out.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Rioter</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Ri"ot*er</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who riots; a reveler; a roisterer.</def>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who engages in a riot. See <er>Riot</er>, <tt>n.</tt>, 3.</def>

<h1>Riotise</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Ri"ot*ise</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Excess; tumult; revelry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>His life he led in lawless <b>riotise</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Riotour</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Ri"ot*our</hw> <tt>(-&oomac;r)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A rioter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<h1>Riotous</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Ri"ot*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>rioteux</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Involving, or engaging in, riot; wanton; unrestrained; luxurious.</def>

<blockquote>The younger son . . . took his journey into a far country, and there wasted his substance with <b>riotous</b> living.
<i>Luke xv. 13.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Partaking of the nature of an unlawful assembly or its acts; seditious.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Ri"ot*ous*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt> -- <wf>Ri"ot*ous*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>

<h1>Riotry</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Ri"ot*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act or practice of rioting; riot.</def> "Electioneering <i>riotry</i>."

<i>Walpole.</i>

<h1>Rip</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Rip</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>hrip</ets> a box or basket; perhaps akin to E. <ets>corb</ets>. Cf. <er>Ripier</er>.]</ety> <def>A wicker fish basket.</def>

<h1>Rip</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Rip</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ripped</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ripping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. AS. <ets>r&ymac;pan</ets>, also Sw. <ets>repa</ets> to ripple flax, D. <ets>repelen</ets>, G. <ets>reffen</ets>, <ets>riffeln</ets>, and E. <ets>raff</ets>, <ets>raffle</ets>. Cf. <er>Raff</er>, <er>Ripple</er> of flax.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To divide or separate the parts of, by cutting or tearing; to tear or cut open or off; to tear off or out by violence; <as>as, to <ex>rip</ex> a garment by cutting the stitches; to <ex>rip</ex> off the skin of a beast; to <ex>rip</ex> up a floor</as>; -- commonly used with <i>up</i>, <i>open</i>, <i>off</i>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To get by, or as by, cutting or tearing.</def>

<blockquote>He 'll <b>rip</b> the fatal secret from her heart.
<i>Granville.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>To tear up for search or disclosure, or for alteration; to search to the bottom; to discover; to disclose; -- usually with <i>up</i>.</def>

<blockquote>They <b>ripped</b> up all that had been done from the beginning of the rebellion.
<i>Clarendon.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>For brethern to debate and <b>rip</b> up their falling out in the ear of a common enemy . . . is neither wise nor comely.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>To saw (wood) lengthwise of the grain or fiber.</def>

<cs><col>Ripping chisel</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a crooked chisel for cleaning out mortises. <i>Knight</i>.</cd> -- <col>Ripping iron</col>. <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <cd>Same as <er>Ravehook</er>.</cd> -- <col>Ripping saw</col>. <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Ripsaw</er>.</cd> -- <col>To rip out</col>, <cd>to rap out, to utter hastily and violently; as, <i>to rip out<i> an oath.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> See <cref>To rap out</cref>, under <er>Rap</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></cs>

<h1>Rip</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Rip</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A rent made by ripping, esp. by a seam giving way; a tear; a place torn; laceration.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Perh. a corruption of the first syllable of <ets>rep</ets>robate.]</ety> <def>A term applied to a mean, worthless thing or person, as to a scamp, a debauchee, or a prostitute, or a worn-out horse.</def> <mark>[Slang.]</mark>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A body of water made rough by the meeting of opposing tides or currents.</def>

<h1>Riparian</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Ri*pa"ri*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L.  <ets>riparius</ets>, fr. <ets>ripa</ets> a bank. See <er>River</er>, and cf. <er>Arrive</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the bank of a river; <as>as, <ex>riparian</ex> rights</as>.</def>

<h1>Riparious</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Ri*pa"ri*ous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>riparius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Growing along the banks of rivers; riparian.</def>

<h1>Ripe</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Ripe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ripa</ets>.]</ety> <def>The bank of a river.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ripe</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Ripe</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Compar.</tt> <er>Riper</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Ripest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>r\'c6pe</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>r\'c6pi</ets>, D. <ets>rijp</ets>, G. <ets>rief</ets>, OHG. <ets>r\'c6ft</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>r\'c6p</ets> harvest, <ets>r\'c6pan</ets> to reap. Cf. <er>Reap</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Ready for reaping or gathering; having attained perfection; mature; -- said of fruits, seeds, etc.; <as>as, <ex>ripe</ex> grain</as>.</def>

<blockquote>So mayst thou live, till, like <b>ripe</b> fruit, thou drop
Into thy mother's lap.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Advanced to the state of fitness for use; mellow; <as>as, <ex>ripe</ex> cheese; <ex>ripe</ex> wine.</as></def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having attained its full development; mature; perfected; consummate.</def> "<i>Ripe</i> courage."

<i>Chaucer.</i>

<blockquote>He was a scholar, and a <b>ripe</b> and good one.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>Maturated or suppurated; ready to discharge; -- said of sores, tumors, etc.</def>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>Ready for action or effect; prepared.</def>

<blockquote>While things were just <b>ripe</b> for a war.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>I am not <b>ripe</b> to pass sentence on the gravest public bodies.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>6.</b> <def>Like ripened fruit in ruddiness and plumpness.</def>

<blockquote>Those happy smilets,
That played on her <b>ripe</b> lip.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<p><b>7.</b> <def>Intoxicated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Reeling <i>ripe</i>."

<i>Shak.</i>

<syn>Syn. -- Mature; complete; finished. See <er>Mature</er>.</syn>

<h1>Ripe</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Ripe</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>r\'c6pian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To ripen; to grow ripe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<h1>Ripe</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Ripe</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To mature; to ripen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ripely</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Ripe"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Maturely; at the fit time.</def>

<i>Shak.</i>

<h1>Ripen</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Rip"en</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Ripened</er> <tt>(?)</tt>;<tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Ripening</er>.]</wordforms> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To grow ripe; to become mature, as grain, fruit, flowers, and the like; <as>as, grapes <ex>ripen</ex> in the sun</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To approach or come to perfection.</def>

<h1>Ripen</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Rip"en</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cause to mature; to make ripe; <as>as, the warm days <ex>ripened</ex> the corn</as>.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To mature; to fit or prepare; to bring to perfection; <as>as, to <ex>ripen</ex> the judgment</as>.</def>

<blockquote>When faith and love, which parted from thee never,
Had <b>ripined</b> thy iust soul to dwell with God.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ripeness</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Ripe"ness</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>r\'c6pness</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being ripe; maturity;; completeness; perfection; <as>as, the <ex>ripeness</ex> of grain; <ex>ripeness</ex> of manhood; <ex>ripeness</ex> of judgment.</as></def>

<blockquote>Time, which made them their fame outlive,
To Cowley scarce did <b>ripeness</b> give.
<i>Denham.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ripidolite</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Ri*pid"o*lite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/<?/<?/. <?/<?/<?/. fan + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A translucent mineral of a green color and micaceous structure, belonging to the chlorite group; a hydrous silicate of alumina, magnesia, and iron; -- called also <altname>clinochlore</altname>.</def>
<-- sic. note use of "alumina", not "aluminia".  Spelling must have been changing about 1890 -->

<h1>Ripienist</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Ri*pi*e"nist</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A player in the <i>ripieno</i> portion of an orchestra. See <er>Ripieno</er>.</def>

<h1>Ripieno</h1>
<Xpage=1244>

<hw>Ri*pi*e"no</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Filling up; supplementary; supernumerary; -- a term applied to those instruments which only swell the mass or <i>tutti</i> of an orchestra, but are not obbligato.</def>

<h1>Ripler, Ripper</h1>
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<hw><hw>Rip"ler</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Rip"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. <er>Rip</er> a basket, or <er>Riparian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O.E. Law)</fld> <def>One who brings fish from the seacoast to markets in inland towns.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<blockquote>But what's the action we are for now ?
Robbing a <b>ripper</b> of his fish.
<i>Beau & Fl.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Ripost</h1>
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<hw>Ri*post"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>riposte</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In fencing, a return thrust after a parry.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A quick and sharp refort; a repartee.</def>

<i>J. Morley.</i>

<h1>Ripper</h1>
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<hw>Rip"per</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who, or that which, rips; a ripping tool.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A tool for trimming the edges of roofing slates.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>Anything huge, extreme, startling, etc.</def> <mark>[Slang.]</mark>

<h1>Ripple</h1>
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<hw>Rip"ple</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[FRom <er>Rip</er>, <tt>v.</tt>]</ety> <def>An implement, with teeth like those of a comb, for removing the seeds and seed vessels from flax, broom corn, etc.</def>

<h1>Ripple</h1>
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<hw>Rip"ple</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To remove the seeds from (the stalks of flax, etc.), by means of a ripple.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence, to scratch or tear.</def>

<i>Holland.</i>

<h1>Ripple</h1>
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<hw>Rip"ple</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Rippled</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Rippling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. <er>Rimple</er>, <er>Rumple</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To become fretted or dimpled on the surface, as water when agitated or running over a rough bottom; to be covered with small waves or undulations, as a field of grain.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To make a sound as of water running gently over a rough bottom, or the breaking of ripples on the shore.</def>

<h1>Ripple</h1>
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<hw>Rip"ple</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To fret or dimple, as the surface of running water; to cover with small waves or undulations; <